bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Critical Review of Barriers to United States Military Spouse Education and Employment
Authors: Lewis Crystal
Published: July 2021

In the United States, there are over one million military spouses. Frequent geographical relocations, the psychological stress and anxiety associated with spousal deployments, and supporting their children as the only parent while their active duty spouse is away leave military spouses disproportionately accountable for all family obligations. Ultimately, these inequities create barriers for military spouses and their employment and educational pursuits. Despite similarities in lifestyle to active duty service members, military spouses are not categorized as an at-risk population and have not been studied in depth. This chapter utilized the source, survey, synthesize method to address the literature gap surrounding the barriers to military spouse education and employment. Findings from the existing literature were synthesized to present the key themes for studies that investigated the military culture, barriers to military spouses' pursuits of higher education, employment, and career advancement and earnings.
Environmental Ethics in the Military
Authors: Malamud Marina
Published: July 2021

Environmental security can be framed in environmental risks towards security, such as extreme climatic events that incite new conflicts in local populations, and the security impact on the environment as a result of human-induced damage to the ecosystem. As a result, the fact that climatic-related events can pose a threat to security and the environmental footprint can undermine peace has thus raised a concern in many militaries of democratic nations. This research article introduces the mainstream environmental security literature through the geopolitical, human security and biocentric perspectives and main social trends to analyze ethical issues in the relationship between ecology and the armed forces. It is argued that there are two major ethical challenges for the military: the securitization of the development agenda that can lead to a militarized conservation in conflict areas; and the search for a corporate sense of responsibility in terms of efficient and still ecologically sustainable operational systems that comply with international environmental agreements.
Science and the Morality of Weapons Research
Authors: Forge John
Published: July 2021

If it were not for weapons research, there would be no predator drones or smart bombs or improvised explosive devices or assault rifles. The insurgents in the Middle East and elsewhere would have no means to fight, and there would be no wars, large or small. Even more importantly, there would be no vast arsenals of thermonuclear weapons capable of ending much of the sentient life on the planet. The world would then most certainly be a safer place. The main issue for ethics and weapons research centres on the ethical or moral evaluation of the activity: Is it ever morally justified to design the means to kill, harm and destroy, and if so, under precisely what circumstances?
The Use of Polymer Nanocomposites in the Aerospace and the Military/Defence Industries
Authors: Sadiku Emmanuel Rotimi , Agboola Oluranti , Mochane Mokgaotsa Jonas , Fasiku Victoria Oluwaseun , Owonubi Shesan John , Ibrahim Idowu David , Abbavaram Babul Reddy , Kupolati Williams Kehinde , Jayaramudu Tippabattini , Uwa Chukwunonso Aghaegbulam , Daramola Oluyemi Ojo , Iheaturu Nnamdi Chibuike , Nkuna Clara , Sanni Samuel Eshorame , Biotidara Olusesan Frank , Eze Azunna Agwo , Varaprasad Kokkarachedu , Adeyeye Oladimeji Adetona , Selatile Koena Mantsopa , Ndamase Abongile Sinawo
Published: July 2021

Previously, applications of composites were limited to the military aerospace. This is because civilian aircraft with composites inclusions was considered to be too expensive. The use of composite in aircrafts, instead of steel, has resulted in lightweight aircraft structures and has consequently reduced the level of fuel consumption and costs of fuel, thereby reducing CO2 emissions. Undoubtedly, nanocomposites applications abound in several aspects of human life and the use of nanoparticle in materials dates back to the understanding of the nature of these materials. This chapter will focus on the use of nanopolymers in the aerospace and in the military. Particular attention will be given to nano military weapons, nanocoating for military applications, nanotechnology for military drones, nanotechnology in military suits, gloves, boots and nanotechnology in armored military vehicles, aircraft, and military ships and in military medicine.
Obsolescence Management for Sustainment-Dominated Military Systems
Authors: Özkan Barış Egemen , Bulkan Serol
Published: July 2021

As more and more Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) parts are being used in sustainment-dominated systems where average product lifecycle is above 25 years, obsolescence management becomes a greater concern for program managers. The lack of management and poor planning for obsolescence cause companies, governments, and military organizations to spend progressively more to deal with aging systems. For a successful obsolescence management, program managers should consider both the cost-effectiveness and system availability issues simultaneously and should implement appropriate solution approaches. In this chapter, the authors first define the obsolescence management in sustainment-dominated systems and then give a brief summary of the related literature. They finally discuss and propose multiple criteria decision-making methodologies and evolutionary algorithms to tackle the management problem.
Modern Military Operations
Authors: Boshuijzen-van Burken Christine
Published: July 2021

Modern military operations are characterized by ubiquitous use of technology, in particular the use of information and communication technologies for real-time information sharing. The use of technology on the battlefield is assumed to improve decision making in military practice. By making use of a friendly fire incident in Afghanistan, namely the Sangin incident in 2011, the author highlights why moral decision making could be hampered by technology. This is partly due to the fact that information and communication technologies subtly connect sub-practices that exist within the broader military practice, thus potentially blurring normative structures. Blurring of normative structures can cause problems for moral decision making on the battlefield, because it is suddenly not clear who is responsible for the course of action.
A Framework for the Weapons of Influence
Authors: Sartonen Miika , Huhtinen Aki-Mauri , Simola Petteri , Takamaa Kari T. , Kivimäki Veli-Pekka
Published: July 2021

The development of communications technology has enabled the internet to become a new theatre of military operations. The influence aspects of military operations in information battlespace, however, are difficult both in theory and in practice, especially concerning international law. As a result, there is a variety of national and organizational solutions of how to divide tasks and responsibilities between authorities. This asymmetry generated by different approaches and rules of conduct provides opportunities for actors with more relaxed interpretation of international law, allowing them to use weapons of influence in order to pursue military goals. In this article the authors ask whether military influence operations, just like cyber operations, could be treated as acts of war. To help militaries address the complex issue of influence operations, a framework consisting of three categories is suggested.
Roles of NGOs and Military in Humanitarian Supply Chain
Authors: Kwon Ik-Whan G. , Kim Sung-Ho
Published: July 2021

Between the years 2000 and 2012, natural disasters caused $1.7 trillion in damage and affected 2.9 billion people (dosomething.org). The military has been active in participating in many disaster areas using their unique assets. Although military involvement in relief operations is welcome, their participation has been perceived by some part of NGOs as suspicious and incongruent with relief missions practiced by NGOs. This article attempts to outline a framework with two relief organizations working together to provide comprehensive relief strategies.
Conflict Risk and Defense Expenses and Their Impact on the Economic Growth
Authors: Dinçer Hasan , Hacıoğlu Ümit , Yüksel Serhat
Published: July 2021

The main purpose of this chapter is to identify the effects of conflict risk and defense expenses on economic growth. Within this scope, annual data of 17 emerging economies for the period between 1989 and 2014 were analyzed. In addition to this situation, Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality test was taken into consideration in order to reach the objective. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that there is a causality relationship between conflict and defense expenses for these countries. This situation shows that emerging countries, which have high conflict risk, also increase defense expenses so as to minimize the negative effects of these conflicts. Additionally, it was also identified that economic growth is a significant reason of high defense expenses. In other words, it can be said that when the economy of an emerging country is developed, it gives more importance to defense expenses in order to take action for this conflict.
Creating an Infrastructure to Deliver Meaningful Feedback to Nursing Students
Authors: Stefaniak Jill Erin , Ross Melanie E.
Published: July 2021

Research studies surrounding feedback primarily centered on frameworks designed as models for delivering feedback as well as the timing for delivering feedback. In addition, past research has also focused on individual elements that affect performance with little regard to environmental elements. This case study provides an overview of how a nurse educator utilized a performance analysis approach to providing feedback to nursing students during clinical rotations. A list of performance standards was provided to students at various checkpoints during their clinical rotation. Strategies are shared for improving the type of feedback used in healthcare settings.
Nursing Education in the Era of Virtual Reality
Authors: Yilmaz Derya Uzelli , Tuncalı Sevil Hamarat , Yilmaz Yusuf
Published: July 2021

Today's new technologies have impacted many different areas of education, with nursing education one such area. Nursing education, as a learning process, targets the combination of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning domains. However, traditional teaching methods may not meet all of the Y and Z generations' learning needs. Today's learners are accustomed to multimedia learning environments and have come to expect a certain level of technology integrated into their curricula. Virtual Reality (VR) technology enables students to become immersed within a 360-degree view experience of scenes that have been completely digitally created, whilst no longer viewing the real world around them. Virtual simulation has been used to teach communication, disaster relief, teamwork, and interviewing techniques, among other skills; and can also provide immersive personalized learning experiences. This chapter presents some of the many facets of VR in today's nursing education.
Augmented Reality
Authors: Soberanes-Martín Anabelem
Published: July 2021

Augmented reality is on the rise in education. This case study focuses on its incursion in the training of health professionals. The author has chosen this focus to address situations that the students do not do in the classroom because of the complexity or lack of laboratories. Thus, the author proposes to develop a mobile application with augmented reality. In the first phase, the proposal includes aspects of the technique of urethral probes, including videos and animations. The proposal also includes markers on mannequin present the information of the process for application with mannequins and patients. The results of the application are that the author identified that the augment reality enrich the process of learning for the valuation by the students and teachers. It showed that the virtual contents contribute to the education of the students of the infirmary.
Advancing Emergency Nurse Practitioner Training Using Virtual Nursing Centers
Authors: Russell Donna , Kuensting Laura L.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the design of a live emergency room simulation for nurse practitioners using augmented reality and virtual reality. The authors describe the specific design and development procedures including (1) the design of a learning analytic system for formative and summative assessment, (2) the design of the virtual space for the live event, (3) the development of a timed script for the emergency room event, and (4) the development of the virtual world in Second Life. The authors also define all the design decisions based on research on the cognitive theories that support the development of advanced problem-based learning curriculum, research of virtual immersive learning environments, and research on virtual simulations used to develop advanced skills and knowledge.
Factors Impacting Use of Health IT Applications
Authors: Ashtari Sadaf , Bellamy Al
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, information technology tools are widely used in the healthcare industry to record and integrate medical data so as to provide complete access to patients' information for coordinated healthcare delivery. Yet, the efficacy of these technologies depends on their successful implementation for, adoption by and/or adaptation to support health professional workers such as physicians and nurses. This study addresses the impact of specific factors including result observability, autonomy, perceived barriers, task structure, privacy and security anxiety on the nurses' perception of their performance using health information technologies. Additionally, the effects of nurses' personality factors are examined as moderating factors on the relationships between the organizational factors and nurses' perception of performance. Multiple linear regression was applied to validate the proposed research model and professional autonomy, result observability, privacy and security anxiety were found to be key factors predicting the nurses' perception of performance.
The Complex Nuances of Nurse Manager Leadership
Authors: Bowers Seleste
Published: July 2021

Hospital organizations are affected by the shortage of nurses across the United States. Hospital organizations must strategically plan to recruit and retain nurses. An average hospital will incur costs between $5.13 million to $7.86 million due to RN turnover. In an outcome-focused healthcare environment, healthcare leaders must consider all perspectives involved in nurse manager leadership. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe nurses' lived experiences with nurse manager leadership on medical surgical units in Riverside County, California, USA.
End of Occupational Segregation in the Nursing Profession
Authors: Kılıçaslan-Gökoğlu Selcen , Öztürk Engin Bağış
Published: July 2021

This chapter focuses on how female nurses make sense of their occupations as the perception of their profession changes from gender-biased to gender-neutral. Nursing is one of those rare professions with occupational segregation in favor of females, but one that is changing as more males enter the profession. While there are many occupational segregation studies to explain male and female nurses' perspectives, research on how female nurses reconsider their views about the profession is scarce. Therefore, this chapter will address this change for females by utilizing a conceptual analysis, specifically the cognitive sense-making perspective. Referring to the phases of the cognitive sense-making (ecological change, enactment, selection, and retention), this chapter examines how the meaning of the nursing profession and the meaning of work in general is changing for females.
Development of Energy Efficient and Optimized Coverage Area Network Configuration to Achieve Reliable WSN Network Using Meta-Heuristic Approaches
Authors: Banerjee Avishek , Das Victor , Biswas Arindam , Chattopadhyay Samiran , Biswas Utpal
Published: July 2021

Energy optimization and coverage area optimization of wireless sensor networks (WSN) are two major challenges to accomplish reliability optimization in the field of WSN. Reliability optimization in the field of WSN is directly connected to the performance and efficiency and consistency of the network. In this paper, the authors describe how these challenges can be resolved by designing an efficient WSN with the help of meta-heuristic algorithms. They have configured an optimized route/path using ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm and deployed static WSN nodes. After configuring an efficient network, if we can maximize the coverage area, then we can ensure that the network is a reliable network. For coverage area optimization, they used a hybrid differential evolution-quantum behaved particle swarm optimization (DE-QPSO) algorithm. The result has been compared with existing literature, and the authors found good results applying those meta-heuristic and hybrid algorithms.
A Novel Particle Swarm Optimization With Genetic Operator and Its Application to TSP
Authors: Wei Bo , Xing Ying , Xia Xuewen , Gui Ling
Published: July 2021

To solve some problems of particle swarm optimization, such as the premature convergence and falling into a sub-optimal solution easily, we introduce the probability initialization strategy and genetic operator into the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Based on the hybrid strategies, we propose a improved hybrid particle swarm optimization, namely IHPSO, for solving the traveling salesman problem. In the IHPSO algorithm, the probability strategy is utilized into population initialization. It can save much more computing resources during the iteration procedure of the algorithm. Furthermore, genetic operators, including two kinds of crossover operator and a directional mutation operator, are used for improving the algorithm’s convergence accuracy and population diversity. At last, the proposed method is benchmarked on 9 benchmark problems in TSPLIB and the results are compared with 4 competitors. From the results, it is observed that the proposed approach significantly outperforms others on most the 9 datasets.
An Empirical Cluster Head Selection and Data Aggregation Scheme for a Fault-Tolerant Sensor Network
Authors: Jain Khushboo , Singh Akansha
Published: July 2021

In order to improve the sensor network, the nodes resources should be used in a well-organized way. The new cluster-based routing protocols and data aggregation approach have helped to increase the lifespan of the network. The methods of data aggregation eliminate the network's redundant data packets, which extends the lifetime of the network. A fault tolerant cluster head selection and data aggregation scheme (FT-CHSDA) that performs node clustering and data aggregation in the network is demonstrated in this study. The suggested method uses the energy level of the node to pick the most energy-efficient node as the head of the cluster and executes data aggregation to reduce redundant data packets. In addition, the use of a concept called backup node in a cluster has implemented a novel method to make the network accessible and run without any interruption. In the NS2 simulator, the simulation of the proposed scheme (FT-CHSDA) is being discussed. Using different performance metrics to assess its effectiveness, the proposed scheme (FT-CHSDA) is contrasted with existing proto-cols.
Distributed Recommendation Considering Aggregation Diversity
Authors: Zhao Na , He Xu
Published: July 2021

Recommender systems (RSs) are popular in e-commerce as they suggest different kinds of items for different users. Most existing research works focus on how to improve the accuracy of recommender systems. Recently, some recommendation ranking techniques have been proposed to obtain more diverse recommendations for all the users. In this paper, the authors propose design a distributed mechanism for improving the aggregated recommendation diversity and define three new metrics to evaluate the diversity of RSs. To avoid the disclosure of information to a central agency, a distributed mechanism is designed to collect user ratings. To increase the diversity of set recommendations, user-based and item-based weighted methods are proposed. The tasks of them are to deal with non-ratings by weighting the common ratings and calculating the weighted cosine similarities to predict the unknown ratings.
Evaluation of a Computer Vision-Based System to Analyse Behavioral Changes in High School Classrooms
Authors: Kim Hyungsook , O'Sullivan David , Kolykhalova Ksenia , Camurri Antonio , Park Yonghyun
Published: July 2021

The objectives of this study were to investigate the feasibility of applying computer vision techniques and to analyse changes in behaviour and movement of high school students during class. The study is performed over two phases. Phase one focuses on developing a feasible method to use computer vision-based techniques in high school classes and phase two focuses on the testing of aromatherapy to affect student’s movement. All camera data was processed and analysed by OpenPose, Matlab and EyesWeb. Movement features such as velocity, acceleration, and kinetic energy and postural variables, spinal extension and neck flexion were calculated. Results of phase one, shows significant differences in the overall segment velocity, acceleration, energy, and neck flexion. Similarly, the second phase shows significant differences in velocity, acceleration and jerk for the left shoulder and elbow joints of the group exposed to aroma. In conclusion, the results show the feasibility of using computer vision techniques to apply in a classroom setting.
A Worldwide Survey on the Use of Social Networking in Higher Education
Authors: Gaftandzhieva Silvia , Doneva Rositsa
Published: July 2021

Social networking is becoming a more powerful tool for students for communication, information sharing, and discussions. This paper presents a study, based on a survey questionnaire, which aims to investigate to what extent and for what purposes teachers from different countries from all over the world use social networking in their teaching practice. The attitude towards the use of social networking in higher education in general is examined. The study is intended to seek dependences between the answers related to the above issues and different teachers' characteristics, on the point of view if the teachers are well informed about social networking sites, or whether they participate in interest groups or research related to social networking and higher education. Finally, summarized results of the survey are presented, depending on the continent where the countries of the participants are located.
Spatio-temporal history of H9N2 viruses in Iran and neighbor countries by Bayesian analysis and molecular characterization
Authors: Ghalekhani Nima , Bokaie Saied , Eybpoosh Sana , Akbarein Hesameddin
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To delineate the H9N2 influenza virus circulation within Iran and its neighboring countries, the potential source of the epidemic in these countries, and its date of origin.

Methods:

We obtained all hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) nucleotide sequences of influenza H9N2 available up to December 25, 2020 from Iran and its neighboring countries (i.e., Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Iraq). We also performed a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method to infer the evolutionary dynamic and the most recent common ancestor for the HA and NA sequences.

Results:

H9N2 epidemic may have started in Iran and Pakistan much earlier than the other investigated countries in the region, and an ongoing bidirectional dispersion of the virus between the investigated countries was also observed. The mean time of the most recent common ancestor of H9N2 viruses was 1988 for HA, and 1992 for NA.

Conclusions:

Strains from investigated countries rooted in Pakistan and Iran. Regular surveillance of H9N2 viruses, especially in the live bird markets, enhancing the biosecurity of poultry industry and screening newly arriving immigrants and tourists from neighboring countries at border should be considered to control spread of the virus. Furthermore, surveillance of viral molecular evolution should be initiated for effective prevention of epidemic and pandemic spreads.
Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Authors: Gupta Archika , Kureel Shiv Narain , Pandey Anand , Singh Gurmeet , Kumar Akhilesh , Shandilya Gaurav , Rai Rahul Kumar , Gupta Survesh Kumar
Published: July 2021

Aims:

The aim of the sudy was to evaluate potential role of oral captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, and in treatment of infantile hemagioma (IH) and report our preliminary results.

Methods:

This prospective study included 18 children with IH admitted in the department of pediatric surgery with no history of prior treatment of any type. Baseline blood pressure (BP), electrocardiogram, two-dimensional echocardiography, serum electrolytes, and renal function test (RFT) were noted. Oral captopril was started as first-line drug at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg orally 12 h with gradually increase of dosage up to 2.0 mg/kg 12 h over the period of 10 days with monitoring of BP, serum electrolytes, RFT, and occurrence of any side effect. If no side effects were noted and patients were stable, they were discharged and followed up until 6 months after stopping treatment. During follow-up, response to treatment was documented clinically and photographically. Development of any side effect was also noted.

Results:

Excellent response to captopril was noticed in nine patients over 16–18 months. Four patients showed good response. Oral propranolol had to be administered alternatively in one patient showing fair response during the initial 4 months but no response afterward and in four patients showing no response at all. One patient developed an allergic reaction to propranolol and was started oral corticosteroid. These five patients had near complete resolution of lesion for the next 8–10 months.

Conclusions:

ACE inhibitors might have a role, though slow, in the involution of IHs. Therefore, these may have the potential to emerge as an alternative treatment for IH in future after confirmation with randomized studies with propranolol.
Закон больших чисел для квантовой стохастической фильтрации и управление многочастичными системами
Authors: Kolokoltsov Vassili Nikitich
Published: July 2021

Существует обширная литература, где рассматривается динамический закон больших чисел для систем квантовых частиц, т. е. выводится уравнение, описывающее предельное поведение отдельных частиц внутри большого ансамбля одинаковых взаимодействующих частиц. Полученные уравнения обычно называют нелинейными уравнениями Шредингера, или уравнениями Хартри, или уравнениями Гросса-Питаевского. Дано стохастическое обобщение некоторых из этих результатов, касающихся сходимости. Рассмотрена стохастическая фильтрация Белавкина для многочастичных квантовых систем. Полученное предельное уравнение - это уравнение нового типа, которое можно трактовать как комплекснозначную бесконечномерную нелинейную диффузию типа Маккина-Власова. Этот результат является ключевым для теории квантовых игр среднего поля, разработанной автором в предыдущей работе.
Covariates of Pica among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Kawempe Hospital, Kampala, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nakiyemba Olivia , Obore Susan , Musaba Milton , Wandabwa Julius , Kiondo Paul
Published: July 2021

Pica is the craving and purposive eating of nonfood items. It is common worldwide and presents among vulnerable populations like children and pregnant women. Its etiology and health consequences are not well understood. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and covariates of pica among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Kawempe hospital in Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional study from July 2019 to December 2019. Participants in this study were 307 pregnant women who had come to attend antenatal clinic at the hospital. The prevalence of pica was computed. Bivariate and multivariable analysis was done to establish the factors that were independently associated with pica. The prevalence of pica was 57%. The most common type of pica was geophagia (eating clay and sand) followed by pagophagia (eating ice). Of the women who practiced pica, half consumed the nonfood items daily. Factors independently associated with pica were being in the third trimester (adjusted OR [aOR]: 3.60; 95% CI: 1.36–9.48] and having nausea in pregnancy (aOR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.20–3.70). At Kawempe hospital, pica is common among women who attend the antenatal clinic and is associated with having nausea in pregnancy and being in the third trimester. Health workers need to counsel pregnant women about the dangers of pica so as to reduce helminth infections and micronutrient deficiency associated with it.
Probable Nipa Palm Wine-Associated Hepatitis A Outbreak after Attending a Funeral Ceremony in Sabah
Authors: Jikal Muhammad , Mori Daisuke , Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi , Rai Sarawasthi Bina , Mukhsam M. Hafiz , Ali Ismail , Latif Liza Abd , Perianayagam Alfred A. S. , Bernad Esther , Bailon Cynthia C. E. , Lee Lim Guan , Fredolin Vielerian , Ahmed Kamruddin
Published: July 2021

Foodborne outbreaks of hepatitis A virus (HAV) are most commonly associated with fresh and frozen produce and with various types of shellfish. Alcoholic beverage-borne outbreaks of hepatitis A are extremely rare. Here, we report an outbreak of hepatitis A associated with the consumption of a traditional wine at a funeral ceremony in the Sabah state of Malaysian Borneo. Confirmed cases were determined by serum anti-HAV immunoglobulin M and/or for fecal HAV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The amplicons of RT-PCR were subjected to nucleotide sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis. We conducted a 1:2 case–control study to identify the possible exposure that led to the outbreak. Sixteen patients met the case definition, they were 18 to 58 years old and 90% of them were males. The case–control study showed that the consumption of nipa palm wine during the ceremony was significantly associated (P = 0.0017) with hepatitis A infection (odds ratio, 5.44; 95% CI, 1.80–16.43). Untreated river water was used to dilute the traditional wine, which was assumed to be the source of the infection. Phylogenetically, these viruses belonged to genotype IA and formed an independent cluster with strains from Taiwan, Japan, and the Philippines. This strain might be an emerging HAV in Asian countries. Environmental assessments were performed and environmental samples were negative for HAV. The incidence of hepatitis A in Sabah was also determined and it was 0.795/100,000 population. Strict monitoring of traditional wine production should be implemented by the local authority to prevent future outbreaks.
The Pediatric Eye Health Challenge Beyond 2020
Authors: Sharma Indra Prasad
Published: July 2021

Evidence suggests that improved eye health offers the potential to progress toward achieving United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With Vision 2020: Right to Sight Initiative coming to an end and the emergence of the coronavirus pandemic, it is necessary to revisit the priority of pediatric eye health. Considering the profound impact of childhood blindness and visual impairment, it is important to draw the attention of public health leaders, policymakers, organizations, and governments to create innovative and effective strategies to combat the emerging eye health challenges of children and their families.
Comunicaciones del XLI Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Española de Enfermería Nefrológica. Oviedo, 11-13 de octubre de 2016
Authors: Ochando García Antonio
Published: July 2021

Como es costumbre, en la antesala de nuestro Congreso anual se ha editado, para entregar a todos los socios, el suplemento con los resúmenes de los trabajos enviados al Congreso. Con él podéis haceros una idea del trabajo realizado en la preparación de nuestro encuentro anual que es fruto de la estrecha colaboración entre el Comité Organizador del Congreso, el Comité Científico del mismo y la Junta Directiva de la S.E.D.E.N. Enfermeros de nefrología de todas las áreas han tenido la oportunidad de exponer públicamente sus investigaciones, y aquí quedan reflejadas. Comprendemos que el esfuerzo por vuestra parte ha sido grande y os animamos a leer este suplemento con detenimiento, que estará disponible también en la Web de la sociedad.Este año, nos hace especial ilusión celebrar el 41 Congreso de la S.E.D.E.N. por ser el primero de esta nueva junta directiva, y os invitamos a conocer los nuevos proyectos en los que estamos inmersos, con un punto común de partida, fomentar la actividad investigadora y los conocimientos de los enfermeros de nefrología: desde las redes sociales a la actualización de la revista. De la formación, con la oferta de nuevos cursos, a la redacción de manuales propios de Enfermería.En el programa científico hemos dispuestos además de las conferencias y mesas redondas clásicas, distintos simposios temáticos para tratar temas específicos de áreas concretas. Además podremos disfrutar de unos 60 posters que nos ilustrarán sobre los temas más diversos, así como de 9 casos clínicos que nos regresarán a la realidad de nuestra uni-dades. Ya hay, por tanto, un buen número de socios y congresistas que tienen concedida la palabra y la podrán usar en los días y horas que en el programa figuran.Solo nos falta desearos que tengáis un buen viaje y estancia en Oviedo, donde además de compartir conocimientos con otros compañeros, podréis disfrutar de una ciudad incomparable, de su gastronomía y de su oferta cultural.Os deseamos en nombre de la Junta directiva de la S.E.D.E.N. y del Comité Organizador unas fructíferas jornadas de trabajo de excelente nivel científico.
Guía Clínica Española del Acceso Vascular para Hemodiálisis
Authors: Ibeas José , Roca-Tey Ramón
Published: July 2021

El acceso vascular para hemodiálisis es esencial para el enfermo renal tanto por su morbimortalidad asociada como por su repercusión en la calidad de vida. El proce-so que va desde la creación y mantenimiento del acceso vascular hasta el tratamiento de sus complicaciones constituye un reto para la toma de decisiones debido a la complejidad de la patología existente y a la diversidad de especialidades involucradas. Con el fin de conseguir un abordaje consensuado, el Grupo Español Multidisciplinar del Acceso Vascular, que incluye expertos de las cinco sociedades científicas implicadas (nefrología, cirugía vascular, radiología vascular e intervencionista, enfermedades infecciosas y enfermería nefrológica), con el soporte metodológico del Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, ha realizado una actualización de la Guía del Acceso Vascular para Hemodiálisis publicada en 2005. Esta guía mantiene una estructura similar, revisando la evidencia sin renunciar a la vertiente docente, pero se aportan como novedades, por un lado, la metodología en su ela-boración, siguiendo las directrices del sistema GRADE con el objetivo de traducir esta revisión sistemática de la evidencia en recomendaciones que faciliten la toma de decisiones en la práctica clínica habitual y, por otro, el establecimiento de indicadores de calidad que permitan monitorizar la calidad asistencial.
APLIKASI PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI KETERSEDIAN BARANG LOGISTIK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN VISUAL BASIC NET 2008
Authors: Fahreza Dimas , Rahmah Sabrina Aulia , Prayoga J
Published: July 2021

Pemakaian teknologi informasi dan sistem informasi ialah suatu kebutuhan yang digunakan pada saat keadaan mendesak dikarenakan sebuah organisasi dapat melakukan pekerjaannya dengan mudah dan dapat melakukan penghematan sumber daya yang ada seperti pemakaian tenaga kerja, ruang penyimpanan data dan waktu yang dibutuhkan dalam penyelesain tersebut. Kecepatan penyajian Data serta akses informasi ialah salah satu media pendukung sebuah organisasi untuk memenangkan persaingan. Data dapat diartikan sebagai sumber energi yang sangat potensial, namun butuh didampingi oleh aspek penunjang yang lain terutama pada bagian data industri dalam wujud sistem data. Aplikasi Sistem Data Logistik dapat digunakan untuk mendukung aktivitas dalam pengambilan keputusan yang memerlukan hardware dan software yang menunjang agar dapat digunakan dalam meningkatkan kinerja industri. Dengan adanya sistem logistik barang ini maka produk yang dipasarkan akan memperoleh keuntungan yang lebih besar dibanding pengiriman dengan manual. Untuk membuka sistem logistik maka dibutuhkan sebuah sistem informasi tentang barang yang akan dikirim.
SISTEM PENGOLAHAN PERSEDIAAN SEAFOOD PADA PT. JAYA ANUGRAH SUKSES ABADI MEDAN MENGGUNAKAN VISUAL BASIC.NET
Authors: Andryani Nofyta , Antares Jovi , Sari Afni Nia
Published: July 2021

system to provide facilities for operational in industries .The study is done in pt .Jaya perennial gift success .Methods used is quantitative methods. The data was undertaken during his field of documentation, collected data , interview observation and review library concerned with theories.
Derecho a la participación cultural como dimensión del acceso a la salud. Personas migrantes y derechos humanos [Right to cultural participation as a dimension of access to health. Migrants and Human Rights]
Authors: Gottero Laura
Published: July 2021

El artículo propone sistematizar y analizar el lugar del derecho a la participación cultural en la configuración del derecho a la salud como derecho humano, a partir del entramado de normas y acuerdos construidos en la comunidad internacional, focalizando en el caso de las personas migrantes. A partir de la compilación y revisión crítica del material documental y normativo elaborado en los sistemas internacionales de protección sobre la temática, se reflexiona sobre cómo el derecho a la participación cultural y la valoración de la interculturalidad resulta una dimensión de alta relevancia en la concreción del derecho a la salud como derecho humano para los/as migrantes. El armado metodológico del trabajo se sustenta en un diseño combinado que articula análisis del discurso, enfoque de derechos humanos como abordaje metodológico, y la propuesta de las Epistemologías del Sur. Esta última perspectiva resulta de utilidad en función de la perfectibilidad de los sistemas de protección y del desafío que implica ahondar en el alcance de las principales dimensiones de los derechos humanos (universalidad, accesibilidad, interdependencia, progresividad) de allí su condición de progresividad y el impacto sobre la interdependencia. Este trabajo propone un diálogo entre el enfoque de derechos humanos y las epistemologías del Sur que permita sostener el nivel de obligatoriedad que aquél reviste para los Estados, a pesar de ser un abordaje hegemónico, con una constante contrapartida reflexiva que aborde con una mirada alternativa y crítica su contenido. Una mirada Sur-Sur en la discusión permitirá contrarrestar cristalizaciones y generalizaciones propias del poder que emanan los instrumentos de derechos humanos en virtud de sus condiciones de producción y circulación.
Aprendizajes Clave en el marco del Nuevo Modelo Educativo mexicano / Key Learning in the framework of the New Mexican Educational Model
Authors: López Florentino
Published: July 2021

Este artículo pone al centro del debate el concepto de aprendizajes clave para la educación integral y hace una descripción somera sobre su conceptualización, su planteamiento curricular y su relación con la sociedad del conocimiento con el propósito de brindar un acercamiento a los docentes sobre este enfoque educativo. Para su abordaje, se empleó la investigación documental que permitió caracterizar los aprendizajes clave, el planteamiento pedagógico, metodológico y didáctico que se deriva de sus alcances epistemológicos. Aborda también, el enfoque socioformativo como un nuevo paradigma pedagógico que pone al servicio de los docentes, herramientas y estrategias didácticas para conducir el proceso de enseñanza bajo ambientes interactivos, reflexivos, críticos e inclusivos que pueden favorecer el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes. Los resultados aluden que los aprendizajes clave, expresan los saberes fundamentales o esenciales que los estudiantes deben aprehender en término de aprendizajes esperados para lograr el desarrollo de competencias integrales.
Peace Building and Conflict Transformation
Authors: Clements Kevin
Published: July 2021

The world clearly needs some new ways of thinking about old problems and new ways of acting if we are going to survive into the 21st century. It is vital, therefore, that students of peace and conflict work out ways of harnessing the creative imagination of everyone so that all peoples can envisage a positive future and ways of realizing that future. This imagining cannot be narrow. It has to be broad, inclusive, interdisciplinary and systemic but it has to begin if we are to have a viable future.
Transitions to Democratic Constitutions in Ethnic Conflicts
Authors: Nyhamar Tore
Published: July 2021

This article discusses the preconditions for settling ethnic conflict through a constitutional compromise: democracy. The focus is on the conditions for transition to democracy amidst intense ethnic strife. What factors facilitate transition to democracy and what factors are obstacles? It is assumed that the attitude of social groups to democracy is determined by their leaders' rational calculations of the prospects of social, economical and political benefits. In other words, social groups have the capacity to formulate collective interests and act strategically to further them, and their leaders choose the alternative path of action with the highest expected benefits among those available. To extend the argument, I will first draw on some recent analysis in the rational choice literature on institutions. Second, I will analyse two very different contexts in which transitions to democracy were attempted, the events in Angola 1974-75 and in Zimbabwe in 1979-80. Rational choice theorists try to discover the meaning of rationality in different contexts, and the study of strategic choices and interaction of the six political elite groups in Angola and Zimbabwe, each with a core ethnic constituency, makes empirical probing and refining of the propositions of rational choice theory possible.
Securitised Ethnic Identities and Communal Conflicts
Authors: Väyrynen Tarja
Published: July 2021

The paper is inspired by Ernesto Laclau's (1996, p. 46) observation of the terrain into which history has thrown us. The terrain is characterised by: [...] the multiplication of new--and not so new--identities as a result of the collapse of the places from which the universal subject spoke--explosion of ethnic and national identities in Eastern Europe and in the territories of the former USSR, struggles of immigrant groups in Western Europe, new forms of multicultural protest and self-assertion in the U.S., to which we have to add the gamut of forms of contestation associated with the new social movements.
Mediation and Multicultural Reality
Authors: LeBaron Michelle
Published: July 2021

Mediation and multiculturalism arise from separate histories and serve different ends. Mediation is a collaborative alternative to the legal system for resolving all kinds of conflicts. Multiculturalism is the philosophy and practice of honouring cultural difference through developing systems that institutionalize pluralism (Roberts and Clifton, 1990). While each of these ideas have animated programs and literatures, little attention was given to the connections between them until the early nineties.1 Since that time, conflict resolution systems and processes have been scrutinized for embedded cultural values and implications for who is included and excluded. Training programs in mediation have progressed from making no mention of culture to adding modules on culture. But modules on culture are only the beginning. Truly competent practice and process design requires a complex understanding of culture and the development of intercultural capacities by third parties.
A Comprehensive Mapping of Conflict and Conflict Resolution: A Three Pillar Approach
Authors: Sandole Dennis
Published: July 2021

As I contemplate the rise worldwide in intrastate (in contrast to interstate) conflicts (see, e.g., van Creveld, 1991 and K. Holsti, 1996), leading to Yugoslavian and Rwandan-type situations, I sense the need to do something about them. As Rousseau has said, "wars occur because there is nothing to prevent them" (cited in Waltz, 1959, p. 232). And quite frankly, there are few, if any, mechanisms worldwide relevant to staving off a future Yugoslavia, Rwanda, and the like (see Lund, 1996): witness the unfolding of the violent Albanian-Serbian conflict in Kosovo into a possible, wider Balkan war (see, e.g., Nordland and Watson, 1998; Finn, 1999; Dinmore, 1999a, 1999b)!
Introduction: Conflict Resolution and Social Justice
Authors: Rubenstein Richard
Published: July 2021

A daunting obstacle to clarity in formulating ideas about conflict resolution and social justice is the fact that each of these terms has multiple meanings. There is widespread recognition that "social justice" is a multivalent phrase. Commentators since Aristotle have written of distributive, restitutive, retributive, procedural, and relational justice, and each of these types has been further subdivided to reflect differences in social philosophy and in common usage. Less well recognized is the ambiguity of "conflict resolution," a term that refers to a mélange of theories and practices that, although interrelated, do not constitute a cleanly demarcated and coherently defined whole. To name a few large subdivisions in this evolving field, we are accustomed to speak of alternative dispute resolution, principled negotiation, relational transformation, public dispute resolution, analytical conflict resolution, and individual or communal reconciliation processes.
Exploring Deeper Wisdoms of Mediation: Notes from the Edge
Authors: Herman Margaret
Published: July 2021

Mediation draws many people into the field of conflict resolution with a promise of rewards like an income stream added to an existing professional practice or agreements pulled from the fires of bitterness and frustration. But for Jim Laue there was more. As a consummate mediator, Jim was equally comfortable mediating technically complex regional disputes, potentially explosive community disputes, and emotionally charged interpersonal disputes. His career began years before a well defined field existed. He came to this work as did others of his and the next generation, determined to address issues of social justice. His mediations during the civil rights era explicitly leveled playing fields and reshaped political tables in every community he touched. Later work with President Carter, in Texas, Indiana, and the Washington, D.C. area continued intervention models established decades earlier.
Truth Commissions and National Reconciliation: Some Reflections on Theory and Practice
Authors: Lerche Charles
Published: July 2021

The “Post-Cold War” world presents staggering contrasts. On the one hand, the threat of annihilation has receded, totalitarianism seems to be in retreat and there is greater interest in such issues as sustainable development, human rights and good governance. On the other hand, however, political and economic instability seem chronic in many regions, and there is a sense of drift both within many countries and at the global level. Prominent on the “new agenda” of world politics is the apparent rising tide of communal conflicts around the planet: a trend which has both positive and negative aspects. Communalism is a threat to both the material and ideational foundations of the nation-state, and potentially, to the entire international status quo; but precisely because communal conflicts so often turn violent and have proved resistant to traditional methods of containment and resolution, they have stimulated the search for more innovative, more comprehensive, and more fully human approaches to dealing with conflict.