bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sulzer on the Makeup and Fate of Soul
Authors: Drozdek Adam
Published: October 2020

Sulzer o naturze i losie duszy

Sulzer, pastor, a także członek berlińskiej Akademii Nauk, przedstawił problem nieśmiertelności duszy w ujęciu naturalistycznym. Twierdził, że ciało jest niezbędne dla duszy do pełnego jej funkcjonowania, ponieważ bez ciała dusza, chociaż doskonała, nie ma dostępu do materiału pochodzącego od zmysłów, a także pozbawiona jest samoświadomości. Dusza jest rodzajem cząstek elementarnych, którymi wypełniony jest świat. W szczególności ciało wymaga ziarna, które zawiera program ustrukturowanego rozwoju ciała. Ponieważ dusza jest nieśmiertelna, cnotliwe życie jest konieczne do jej szczęśliwego stanu po śmierci ciała i jej połączenia się z nowym ciałem.
„Głęboka religijność Lutra”: Marcin Luter – heretyk czy bohater wiary?
Authors: Porada Rajmund
Published: October 2020

Celem artykułu jest sformułowanie odpowiedzi na pytanie: czy Lutra należy uważać za heretyka, czy też można w nim widzieć bohatera wiary? Istotną podstawą dla takiej odpowiedzi są najpierw wypowiedzi papieży ostatniego czterdziestolecia, aż po afirmację Lutra jako osobowości głęboko religijnej. Dalszych przesłanek dostarczają wyniki historycznych badań, które wskazują na głębokie zakorzenienie Lutra w ówczesnej teologii mistycznej. Uwidacznia się to w jego sposobie uprawiania teologii, gdzie głównym źródłem poznania stało się własne doświadczenie wiary. Teologia Lutra jest teologią egzystencjalną i w tej perspektywie należy widzieć także naukę o usprawiedliwieniu. Usprawiedliwienie z wiary było dla Lutra przede wszystkim żywym, duchowym doświadczeniem w osobistej relacji do Boga, które jednocześnie determinowało jego teologiczną refleksję. Zachowując świadomość spraw spornych, można stwierdzić, że w swych reformacyjnych intencjach Luter pozostał zakorzeniony w katolickiej tradycji wiary. Luter nie jest ani heretykiem, ani nie musi być uznawany za bohatera wiary – jest przede wszystkim reformatorsko nastawionym teologiem, który ma swe miejsce w ramach jednego, katolickiego Kościoła.
Comportamiento del recaudo del impuesto departamental al degüello de ganado mayor en el Municipio de Montería en los años 2013-2018
Authors: Castrillón Galeano Laura Vanessa , Ramos de la Ossa Mariangela
Published: October 2020

En la comunidad cordobesa no existe desconocimiento de que en el territorio concurre mucha informalidad en el ejercicio del degüello de ganado, dado que no todos los ganaderos sacrifican el ganado en plantas, mataderos o frigoríficos legalmente constituidos, pues realizan estas labores en las fincas donde crían el animal, filtrando y evadiendo este impuesto, generando un recaudo bajo y poco significativo para el Departamento. En este artículo se propone evaluar la eficiencia de la gestión del recaudo que adelanta el Municipio de Montería en los años 2013-2018 sobre el impuesto al degüello de ganado mayor; como estrategia metodológica se implementaron muestras cuantitativas, se solicitó información a la Secretaria de Hacienda Departamental, sobre las finanzas recaudadas ano por ano de 2013 a 2018 en concepto del impuesto en mención y muestra cualitativa, se realizaron entrevistas a diferentes sujetos que intervienen en el tema abordado. Como resultado, se identificaron las desventajas en la fiscalización del impuesto al degüello de ganado mayor y en las conclusiones se propone la estrategia que han implementado muchos municipios en Colombia para mejorar los procesos de recaudo y mitigar la evasión de los tributos.
Claves para la comprensión de la interdependencia entre la cultura organizacional y el desempeño institucional: caso de la institución educativa Fe y Alegría N° 02
Authors: Trujillo Christian
Published: October 2020

Si bien se ha producido una amplia bibliografía nacional e internacional para explicar el éxito de la gestión educativa en la Red Fe y Alegría, las diferentes aproximaciones a este fenómeno educacional han omitido un análisis histórico de la influencia del proceso de desarrollo organizacional sobre aspectos performativos, como el desempeño institucional. Considerando tal premisa, se ha seleccionado el caso de la institución definitiva (I.E.) Fe y Alegría N° 02, el cual, con su experiencia, permite responder la siguiente pregunta: ¿de qué manera las trasformaciones que acontecieron en la cultura organizacional entre los años 1980 y 2017 influyeron sobre el actual desempeño institucional? La evidencia muestra que existe un proceso complejo denominado «mitificación de reglas y perfiles». Dicho proceso, aunque aún no se ha explorado a profundidad en la literatura, repercute sobre su sistema de gestión institucional, legitima la toma de acciones y la autoridad dentro del plantel y coexiste en paralelo a un fenómeno de acoplamiento técnico e institucional. Finalmente, se concluye que este plantel educativo es un espacio de resistencia frente a la influencia de premisas organizacionales del mundo empresarial, a pesar de usar racionalmente recursos escasos en un contexto de precariedad.
«Por un trabajo digno» - Emergencia y representaciones de un movimiento de niñas, niños y adolescentes trabajadores en Bolivia
Authors: Rutigliano Alexandre
Published: October 2020

Desde que las primeras organizaciones de niños, niñas y adolescentes trabajadores (NNAT) emer­gieron en los años 1980 en Bolivia, emprendieron acciones con y contra el Estado, e incluso cola­boraron en la redacción de la Nueva Constitución (2008-2009) y del Nuevo Código Niña Niño Adolescente (2013-2014). Como movimiento social, han luchado por sus derechos a trabajar, a tener protecciones legales específicas por ser niños y niñas trabajadores y a ser incluidos en el diseño de leyes y políticas que los impactan. Como parte de un trabajo etnográfico más amplio, este artículo se enfoca en la historia de las representaciones de la infancia y del trabajo que son todavía dominantes en la mayoría de las organizaciones internacionales, y en cómo algunos varios NNAT bolivianos se enfrentan a ellas y definen derechos más contextualizados e inclusivos. De manera general, este trabajo muestra que no hay un ser niño universal, y que los niños, niñas y adolescentes se deben considerar como actores en los espacios social y político.
THE EFFECT OF PROFIT SHARING FINANCING AND QARDH FINANCING ON NET PROFIT SHARIA BANK IN INDONESIA
Authors: Maulana Dede Rapsanjani , Ruchjana Eva Theresna , Nurdiansyah Dian Hakip
Published: October 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of Profit Sharing Financing and Qardh Financing on Net Profit Sharia Commercial Bank. The method used is descriptive statistics with quantitative approach that is through the classical assumption test to analyze the data and multiple linear regression analysis to determine the level of relations or effect that given by Profit Sharing Financing and Qardh Financing on Net Profit and processed by using software SPSS 16. While data used are secondary data with quantitative data types during the period 2014- 2019. Population of this study is Sharia Commercial Bank companies with sampling method that is purposive sampling, so that the number of observations obtained as many as 6 companies. Based on the result of the research, the test of simultaneously results with the statistical test show that the variable Profit Sharing Financing and Qardh Financing simultaneously affected. The result of coefficient determination shows that Net Profit (Y) is influenced by Profit Sharing Financing (X1), Qardh Financing (X2) as much as 64.1% and the remaining left is influenced by other variables as much as 35.9%.
Bibliotecas que viajan al campo
Authors: López Avella Maryudy , Sierra Escobar Juan Carlos , Ríos Moyano Diana Katherinne , Vargas González Oliva
Published: October 2020

"El presente artículo da a conocer la experiencia y desarrollo de Bibliotecas al campo, un programa de extensión y responsabilidad social universitaria liderado por la Biblioteca de la Universidad de La Salle e implementado por los estudiantes voluntarios del programa de Ingeniería Agronómica del campus Utopía. Este proyecto plantea suscitar un diálogo de saberes entre la universidad y los territorios, además de favorecer el posicionamiento de las bibliotecas rurales, por lo que es preciso reconocer, de manera general, los principales componentes del programa, identificar los logros alcanzados desde su inicio, en 2015, así como resaltar su impacto, los beneficiarios y aprendizajes obtenidos.
Posteriormente, se presenta la proyección y el camino que se recorrerá en los próximos años"
Empresarización del campo
Authors: Flechas Hernández David Leonardo , Cárdenas Pardo Néstor Julián , García Sterling María Alejandra , Rojas Rincón Nidia Mayerly , Montiel Rojas Luis Carlos , Gómez Cañón Franklin Rosendo
Published: October 2020

"El proyecto Utopía de la Universidad de La Salle tiene como objetivo formar a los jóvenes bachilleres colombianos de sectores rurales en condiciones de vulnerabilidad como ingenieros agrónomos, para convertirlos en líderes para la transformación social, política y productiva de sus zonas de origen; también, busca promover el emprendimiento rural a través de los proyectos productivos que implementan durante su último año de formación (Universidad de La Salle, 2020). Durante el periodo 2013-2020, se han realizado cerca de 309 proyectos productivos en 20 departamentos y 110 municipios de Colombia, de los cuales, siete cohortes de estudiantes han retornado a sus territorios o zonas de origen para implementar proyectos agrícolas, aportando al desarrollo rural nacional. Estos proyectos productivos reciben acompañamiento técnico-administrativo de la Coordinación de Proyectos Productivos de la Universidad de La Salle, actividad que ha evolucionado sustancialmente desde los inicios de la experiencia en mayo de 2013.
Este documento presenta una síntesis de todos los proyectos que se han ejecutado durante los últimos 8 años; es un balance general de cada una de las cohortes que desarrollaron proyectos productivos y de la evolución que ha tenido el acompañamiento institucional a través de la Coordinación de Proyectos Productivos durante este tiempo"
Founders of the broadcloth empire
Authors: Litovskiy Andrei N.
Published: October 2020

The heightened interest of researchers of the Tambov Governorate in the biography of the Aseevs as the richest dynasty of the broadcloth manufacturers determines the relevance of the study. We summarize the known and new to the scientific community information about Vasily Aseev and Tikhon Aseev – the elder representatives of the main merchant dynasty of the Tambov Governorate. The study reveals the reasons for the resettlement of the Aseevs in the villages of Rasskazovo of the Tambov Governorate; the conditions for the acquisition of the first broadcloth factories and distilleries in the Tambov and Saratov Governorates; their productivity and staff; the prerequisites for their transition to the merchants heirs and the emergence of the “Trading House of the brothers M.V. and V.T. Aseev” and the social activity of the manufacturers. We present detailed metric data and the family ties of the first three generations of the Aseevs. As part of study we review and critically analyzed a number of works on the manufacturers’ biography and draw attention to the unipolar and tendentious approach in describing the personality of M.V. Aseev and his philanthropy to the detriment of historical authenticity, as well as the insufficiency and stinginess of researches on other representatives of the Aseevs and their industrial and social activities.
formação do pensamento de Celso Furtado, o imperativo tecnológico e as metamorfoses do capitalismo
Authors: Paula João Antonio de , Albuquerque Eduardo da Motta e
Published: October 2020

Este artigo apresenta um apanhado do conjunto da obra de Celso Furtado e rastreia as etapas e as influências mais importantes na formação de seu pensamento. No conjunto de sua obra, Celso Furtado atribui um papel central ao progresso tecnológico na sua interpretação da dinâmica do sistema capitalista, em especial na estruturação da divisão centro-periferia. Esse lugar central do progresso tecnológico é notável na avaliação que faz Celso Furtado da primeira estruturação do capitalismo global resultado das forças expansionistas do núcleo industrial inicial. Essa estrutura derivada da revolução industrial será transformada persistentemente, donde a formulação de uma visão das metamorfoses do capitalismo a partir desse olhar desde a periferia sobre a dinâmica do progresso tecnológico.
Protección pulpar: cementos a base de silicato de calcio. Relato de un caso clínico
Authors: Yfuma Pedroza Joshua Anggelo , Ñaupari Villasante Romina Andrea , Noborikawa Kohatsu Andres Kenichi , Nuñez Gamboa Miguel Manuel Rolando
Published: October 2020

Los cementos a base de silicato de calcio son materiales bioactivos, que poseen la capacidad de liberar mayor cantidad de iones de calcio e hidroxilo, brindando ciertas ventajas como mayor capacidad antimicrobiana y de remineralización, incrementando la longevidad de los tratamientos pulpares. Theracal LC es un cemento a base de silicato de calcio el cual tiene como ventaja su presentación de fácil aplicación a comparación de otros cementos bioactivos. En el presente reporte de caso, Theracal LC fue utilizado como forro cavitario. Al examen clínico el paciente presentó las piezas 36 y 35 con el diagnóstico dental: caries dental con lesión con cavidad y caries dental con lesión profunda adyacente a restauración, respectivamente y como diagnóstico pulpar: Pulpa sana, en ambas piezas. Se realizaron restauraciones directas con resina compuesta en las piezas 36 y 35, considerando los siguientes pasos: grabado selectivo, sistema adhesivo autocondicionante, cemento protector a base de silicato de calcio y resina compuesta para técnica Bulk.
Odontodisplasia Regional: relato de caso em criança de 5 anos
Authors: Terrero-Pérez Ángel , Peralta-Mamani Mariela , Consolaro Alberto , Alvares Capelozza Ana Lúcia
Published: October 2020

A odontodisplasia regional é uma anomalia dentária, pouco comum, não hereditária e com uma etiologia ainda desconhecida. Os tecidos afetados são o esmalte e a dentina, são acometidos nos dentes decíduos e, as vezes na dentição permanente de um mesmo indivíduo. Esta lesão pode ser confundida com outras lesões como por exemplo o odontoma ou dentes com outro tipo de anomalia. O objetivo é relatar um caso de odontodisplasia regional na dentição decídua e permanente de uma criança, assim como apresentar as diferentes ferramentas diagnósticas. Os dentes acometidos mostravam-se ao exame clínico, como dentes hipoplásicos com coloração amarelo amarronzado. Uma radiograﬁa panorâmica e radiograﬁas periapicais, assim como uma biopsia excisional, foram essenciais para obter um diagnóstico correto, e assim poder oferecer uma adequada conduta para a preservação e previsibilidade dos diferentes tipos de tratamentos reabilitadores odontológicos que essa criança poderia ter nos próximos anos até a idade adulta.
QCD theory of the hadrons and filling the Yang-Mills mass gap
Authors: Yablon Jay R.
Published: October 2020

The rank-3 antisymmetric tensors which are the magnetic monopoles of SU(N) Yang-Mills gauge theory dynamics, unlike their counterparts in Maxwell’s U(1) electrodynamics, are non-vanishing, and do permit a net flux of Yang-Mills analogs to the magnetic field through closed spatial surfaces. When electric source currents of the same Yang-Mills dynamics are inverted and their fermions inserted into these Yang-Mills monopoles to create a system, this system in its unperturbed state contains exactly 3 fermions due to the monopole rank-3 and its 3 additive field strength gradient terms in covariant form. So to ensure that every fermion in this system occupies an exclusive quantum state, the Exclusion Principle is used to place each of the 3 fermions into the fundamental representation of the simple gauge group with an SU(3) symmetry. After the symmetry of the monopole is broken to make this system indivisible, the gauge bosons inside the monopole become massless, the SU(3) color symmetry of the fermions becomes exact, and a propagator is established for each fermion. The monopoles then have the same antisymmetric color singlet wavefunction as a baryon, and the field quanta of the magnetic fields fluxing through the monopole surface have the same symmetric color singlet wavefunction as a meson. Consequently, we are able to identify these fermions with colored quarks, the gauge bosons with gluons, the magnetic monopoles with baryons, and the fluxing entities with mesons, while establishing that the quarks and gluons remain confined and identifying the symmetry breaking with hadronization. Analytic tools developed along the way are then used to fill the Yang-Mills mass gap.
Time Minimisation of Rescue Action realized by an Autonomous Vehicle
Authors: Gosiewski Zdzisław , Kwaśniewski Konrad
Published: October 2020

In the rescue operations the full time of action plays important role. It is a sum of planning, travel, and manipulation (in the action place) phases times. The time minimization of first two phases by autonomous vehicle for remote action is considered in the paper. For known a priori map the path planning consists of local optimal decision collected next in the general algorithm of the optimal path. Such approach significantly reduces time of path planning. The robot features and known sparse obstacles reduce the allowable robot speeds. The time of travel is calculated from allowable velocity profile. So, it can be used to estimate the travel performance. Genetic algorithm and random search-based methods for path finding with travel time optimization are exploited and compared in the paper. All the proposed time optimisation solutions of rescue operation are checked during computer simulations and results of simulation are presented.
Human Hand Anatomy Based Prosthetic Hand
Authors: Dunai Larisa , Novak Martin , García Espert Carmen
Published: October 2020

The present paper describes the development of a prosthetic hand based on the human hand anatomy. The hand phalanges are printed by using 3D printed with Polylactic Acid material. One of the main contributions is the investigation on the prosthetic hand joins; the proposed design enables to create personalized joins that allow the prosthetic hand a high level of movement by increasing the degrees of freedom of the fingers. Moreover, the driven wire tendons show a progressive grasping movement, being the friction of the tendons with the phalanges very low. Another important point is the use of force sensitive resistors for simulating the hand touch pressure. These are used for the grasping stop simulating touch pressure of the fingers. Surface Electromyogram (EMG) sensors allow the user to control the prosthetic hand grasping start. Their use may provide the prosthetic hand the possibility of classification of the hand movements. The practical results included in the paper prove the importance of the soft joins for the object manipulation and to get adapted to the object surface. Finally, the force sensitive sensors allow the prosthesis to actuate with more naturalness by adding conditions and classifications to the Electromyogram sensor.
What Solutions Exist for Cognitive, Emotional and Developmental Delays Facing Indigenous Children Globally? A Co-Designed Systematic Review
Authors: Macniven Rona , Jeffries Jr. Thomas Lee , Meharg David , Talbot Folau , Rambaldini Boe , Edwards Elaine , Hickie Ian , Sloan Margaret , Gwynne Kylie
Published: October 2020

Early childhood is important for future cognitive and educational outcomes. Programs overcoming barriers to engagement in early education for Indigenous children must address family cultural needs and target developmental delays. This systematic review identifies culturally adapted programs to improve cognitive, emotional and developmental delays among young children, in response to an identified priority of a remote Indigenous community. Five databases (the Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, Scopus and CINAHL) were searched for English language papers in January 2018. Study quality was assessed and findings analysed thematically. Findings were presented to the community at an event with key stakeholders, to determine their inclusion and face validity. Seven relevant studies, published between 1997-2013, were identified by the researchers and each study was supported by the community for inclusion. Two studies focused on Native American children and five studies included children from non-Indigenous disadvantaged backgrounds. Findings were reported narratively across four themes: Storytelling to improve educational outcomes; Family involvement improved development; Culturally adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to reduce trauma; Rewards-based teaching to improve child attention. Limited published research on culturally adapted and safe interventions for children with cognitive, emotional and developmental delay exists but these four themes from seven studies identify useful components.
“Vamos aprender na pracinha?”
Authors: Tusi Tamiosso Raquel , De Oliveira Soares Gabriel , Ritter Denise , Aquino dos Santos Paola , Scotti do Canto-Dorow Thais
Published: October 2020

Ensinar nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental demanda do professor uma organização didática coerente com documentos oficiais que regem a educação brasileira, orientações curriculares da escola e concepções pedagógicas dos mesmos. Nesse sentido, buscando articular esses entes, criou-se um plano de aula interdisciplinar para ser trabalhado a partir de um espaço escolar externo à sala de aula, no qual foi identificado o potencial pedagógico. Esse plano foi desenvolvido na pracinha de brinquedos de uma escola da região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, envolvendo conceitos da área da Matemática e das Ciências para os Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Organizado a partir dos objetos do conhecimento dispostos na Base Nacional Comum Curricular, o plano está composto por sete atividades, a serem realizadas durante dois dias letivos, em oito horas/aula. A proposta apresenta-se como uma alternativa viável aos professores que ensinam Matemática e Ciências dos Anos Iniciais, pois a sequência didática envolve orientações que devem ser abordadas no seu planejamento.
How to Develop and Improve Industry - Academia Relations
Authors: Kaland Thorbjørn
Published: October 2020

Both energy industry and academia are moving fast forward.

But do they move the same direction?

The universities may have a wider approach to the subjects and may create new solutions. But new solutions need the industry to be brought into life.

The development of teaching programs and petroleum research are depending on industry input, as well as the development of energy industry is depending on new work forces, with a new approach to the technical challenges.

This paper will show experiences from how new technology development, designed by an oil company together with a service company, was implemented into a university program. It shows how the offspring moved on to several companies and universities.

We will as well present studies of how technology science is planning to meet the future need of competence, and how energy industry is adapting to meet future technical challenges by sending signals back to the next generation of engineers.

The daily reminder of climate change, the green shift, and development of renewable energy have given several oil companies reasons to redefine themselves as energy companies.

This fact opens doors into new rooms where technology, competence and research will be focusing several energy sources. The best combination of technology and competence for multi-energy sources may be developed in a good collaboration between academia and energy industry.

Several universities in Norway have redefined their education program in order to cover multi-energy sources. This paper shows how good experiences from industry-academia collaboration may be forwarded into new projects with a win win win effect for academia, industry and society.
A Novel Approach to Well Inflow Modelling Using Computational Fluid Dynamics for Balder and Ringhorne Fields
Authors: Samosir Hotler , Hansen Tone , Djayapertapa Lesmana , Byrne Michael
Published: October 2020

Horizontal wells are widely used in Balder and Ringhorne fields. Wells drilled during the first and the second development campaign were completed with standalone sand screen (SAS). However, wells drilled during the latest drilling campaign in Balder field (Balder phase III, 2013) were completed with passive nozzle ICD (Inflow Control Device).

Field production data reveal that wells completed with passive nozzle ICDs (4x4mm) yield lower water production and longer water breakthrough time, approximately 4 – 7 months. This is a significant delay when compared to wells with SAS completion, where water breakthrough typically happens within 2 – 4 weeks.

Conventional reservoir simulation for Balder and Ringhorne wells completed with ICDs showed an insignificant increase in oil production and a trivial reduction in water cut, when compared to SAS wells, this seems to contradict production data. In order to optimize ICD completions for Balder and Ringhorne, an alternative approach to perform well inflow modelling using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was adopted. The paper demonstrates the use of CFD modeling to improve well and completion design. Specific, key results from the CFD modelling are: A robust implementation of Darcy's law into CFD model was demonstrated.Smaller ICDs near the heel yield a more even inflow profile and this positive effect outweighs the small reduction in well PI.Changes in oil viscosity, liquid rate and permeability have low impact on inflow profile along the wellbore for the optimized completions selectedOptimized ICD configurations were identified for various well lengths: 500m, 1000m, 1500m, and 2000m.
Materials for Well Integrity – Short-Term Mechanical Properties of Cement Systems
Authors: Kamali Mohammadreza , Khalifeh Mahmoud , Saasen Arild , Delabroy Laurent
Published: October 2020

Primary well cementing is performed to isolate annular space behind casing, protect casing from corrosive downhole fluids, holding casing in place and maintain well integrity. To fulfill these requirements, the desired barrier material should long last in the wellbore during the life cycle of well. Some limitations have been observed and reported by operating companies and scientist have been stated and documented during many years. Hence, efforts are made to find alternative materials to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) or enhancing the performance of oil well cement.

In this study, the rheological behavior and short-term mechanical properties of a commercial expansive oil well cement has been studied and compared with neat class G cement as the base case. The experiments were performed at equal conditions for the both cements. These tests include characterization of rheology profiles, static fluid-loss, and impact of pressure on pumping time of the cement slurries. In addition, mechanical properties of the cement systems after hardening were studied by testing uniaxial compressive strength, non-destructive sonic strength development, indirect tensile strength (Brazilian test) and flexibility of samples up to 14 days.

Our results in laboratory scale showed that using industrial chemicals as additive improved the rheological properties of cement by controlling the fluid-loss and retarding thickening time of the slurry. In case of the mechanical properties of the expansive cement, tensile strength of the specimens did not change and lower ductility was noticed comparing to the neat class G cement, even though uniaxial compressive strength of the barrier material was increased.
Search and Contextualization of Unstructured Data: Examples from the Norwegian Continental Shelf
Authors: Caso Carlo , John Simone , Malec Peter , Stray Thorkild , Vollset Erlend
Published: October 2020

Thanks to cloud-native technologies, the oil and gas industry is now pursuing how to retrieve information from unstructured data. This is especially relevant in mature exploration and production (E&P) areas such as the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). Valuable information from historical unstructured data (documents, reports, images, etc.) can help when improving processes related to exploring a new area, planning a new well, and creating a rig activity plan. However, the biggest challenge with this unstructured data has always been that it is typically stored in internal servers and within complex folder structures, making the search for a single file a time-consuming -- if not impossible -- process. This paper details a cloud-based methodology of searching and contextualizing unstructured data in order to make it available to domain experts through Application Programming Interfaces (APIs).

We have developed a framework for configurable document processing that makes raw data searchable by leveraging existing cloud-based services such as popular natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision APIs. This makes it possible to extract content and make it searchable and contextualized to related assets (wellbores, seismic, etc.) based on keywords and geospatial location. Machine learning categorization supports file grouping into document types, such as a work order or rig action plan.

To illustrate this methodology we present two examples. The first example shows how a user can draw a polygon on a map to retrieve and extract all the data within that polygon. This can be used in reporting tools or to build knowledge graphs. The data is fully contextualized to the geographical area of investigation. The second example shows content extracted from well reports, providing information about historical issues that happened to offset wells, which supports the planning of a new well in the same area under similar conditions.

Content extracted from unstructured data offers an opportunity to add valuable information to support risky and time-consuming processes such as evaluating an exploration prospect and planning a new well. Searching for and contextualizing this content are the first steps toward making the retrieved information instantly available and more interactive for domain experts.
A Fast Algorithm for Integrated Asset Modeling
Authors: Cunningham Peter R. , McCann Jim F. , Bouhdaid Mustapha
Published: October 2020

Objectives/Scope: This paper describes a new network-solver algorithm, "GALE" ("Globally Approximate, Locally Exact") that can be used in integrated asset models that represent groups of reservoirs, wells and production facilities. The method optimizes production subject to rate, pressure, velocity, gas-lift and composition constraints and has been used to forecast and optimize very large production networks (more than 1000 wells).

The foundation of the method is iteration between solving a linear approximation of the whole production network and solving exactly the non-linear pressure calculations for individual wells and nodes. The linear global problem was solved using an object-oriented implementation of the classic simplex method, using Neumaier arithmetic to minimize round-off error. The local non-linear problems were solved with the secant method.

Tests of the GALE algorithm on both large and small models suggest that the GALE algorithm runs much faster than existing algorithms and gives results of equal or better reliability A test case three-well, two-node, single reservoir, model, with monthly time-steps over 10 years, took 1 sec to run (200x faster than a "rule-based network solver" heuristic and 900x faster than an older, sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm, which encountered solution problems).A real-world 361-well, 77-platform model took 0.7 secs per time-step (approximately 1000x faster than an older SQP algorithm). When a larger version of this model was run with approximately 900 wells, it took 1.4 secs per time-step.The GALE algorithm also appears to run somewhat (perhaps 5x) faster than the more recent non-linear optimization algorithm implemented by Wadsley.

While it is not yet known how much of the improvements are due specifically to the GALE algorithm and how much are due to other differences in the software systems, the improved calculation speeds allow IAM calculations to be applied where older algorithms would give impractically slow results (e.g. short-term operational forecasting for very big networks).
The erosion of ambiguity tolerance and sustainment of perfectionism in undergraduate Medical training: Results from multiple samplings of a single cohort.
Authors: Ndoja Silvio , Chahine Saad , Saklofske Donald H. , Lanting Brent
Published: October 2020

Background: Medicine is a field that is simultaneously factual and ambiguous. Medical students have their first exposure to full time clinical practice during clerkship. While studies have examined medical trainees’ tolerance of ambiguity (TOA), the extent to which TOA is affected by clinical experiences and its association with perfectionism is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of clerkship experience on TOA and perfectionism in medical students.Methods: This was a multiple sampling, single cohort study of students in their first year of clinical clerkship which is comprised of 6 core rotations. Consenting students completed an online anonymous survey assessing their tolerance of ambiguity (TOA) and perfectionism in their first (pre) and last (post) 12 weeks of their clinical clerkship year. Tolerance of Ambiguity in Medical Students and Doctors (TAMSAD) and The Big Three perfectionism scale-short form (BTPS-SF) were used to assess TOA and perfectionism respectively. Pre-Post mean comparisons of TOA and perfectionism were assessed via t-tests. Results: From a cohort of 174 clinical clerkship students, 51 students responded to pre-survey, 62 responded to post-survey. Clerkship was associated with a significant decrease in TOA (p<0.00) with mean pre-TOA scores of 59.57 and post TOA of 43.8. Perfectionism scores were not significantly different over time (p>0.05). There was a moderate inverse correlation between TOA and perfectionism before clerkship (r=0.32) that increased slightly after clerkship (r=0.39). Those preferring primary care specialties had significantly lower rigid and total perfectionism scores in pre-clerkship than those choosing other specialties, but this difference was not found post-clerkship. Conclusion: Exposure to clerkship decreased TOA while perfectionism remained stable in medical students. These results were not expected as exposure has been previously shown to increase TOA. The frequency of rotation changes maintaining a cycle of anxiety may be an underlying factor accounting for these results. Overall these results require further investigation to better characterize the role of clinical exposure on TOA.
Evaluating a multidimensional strategy to improve the professional self-care of occupational therapists working with people with life limiting illness.
Authors: Apostol Courtney , Cranwell Kathryn , Hitch Danielle
Published: October 2020

Background: The term ‘’life limiting conditions’ refers to premature death following decline from chronic conditions, which is a common circumstance in which occupational therapists work with people at the end of life. The challenges for clinicians of working with these patients have long been recognised, and may have a significant impact on their professional self-care. This study aimed to evaluate a multidimensional workplace strategy to improve the professional self-care of occupational therapists working with people living with a life limiting condition.Methods: A pre and post mixed methods survey approach were utilised, with baseline data collection prior to the implementation of a multidimensional workplace strategy. The strategy included professional resilience education, targeted supervision prompts, changes to departmental culture and the promotion of self-care services across multiple organisational levels. Follow up data collection was undertaken after the strategy had been in place for two years. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: 103 occupational therapists responded (n=55 pre, n=48 post) across multiple service settings. Complex emotional responses and lived experiences were identified by participants working with patients with life limiting conditions, which were not influenced by the workplace strategy. Working with these patients was acknowledged to challenge the traditional focus of occupational therapy on rehabilitation and recovery. Participants were confident about their ability to access self-care support, and supervision emerged as a key medium. While the strategy increased the proportion of occupational therapists undertaking targeted training, around half identified ongoing unmet need around professional self-care with this patient group. Demographic factors (e.g. practice setting, years of experience) also had a significant impact on the experience and needs of participants. Conclusions: The multidimensional workplace strategy resulted in some improvements in professional self-care for occupational therapists, particularly around their use of supervision and awareness of available support resources. However, it did not impact upon their lived experience of working with people with life limiting conditions, and there remain significant gaps in our knowledge of support strategies for self-care of occupational therapist working with this patient group.
Experiences of workplace breastfeeding in a provincial government setting: A qualitative exploratory study among managers and mothers in South Africa
Authors: Mabaso Prudence Bongekile , Jaga Ameeta , Doherty Tanya
Published: October 2020

Background: Return to employment is a major barrier to breastfeeding continuation, globally and in the Southern African context. The Lancet breastfeeding series revealed an explicit need for research exploring breastfeeding as a workplace issue in low- and middle-income countries. A dearth of research on workplace breastfeeding in South Africa calls for attention to this topic. This study sought to explore breastfeeding at work experiences from the perspective of employed mothers and senior managers in a provincial government setting in South Africa. Methods: The study adopted an exploratory qualitative design with multi-perspective semi-structured interviews. Snowball sampling was employed to recruit twelve participants, senior managers (n = 4) and employed mothers (n = 8), from two provincial government departments in Cape Town, South Africa. Interviews were conducted between April and August 2018 to capture participants’ experiences with breastfeeding in the workplace. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data. Results: Four key themes that described experiences of workplace breastfeeding emerged which further traversed three critical maternity periods: pregnancy, maternity leave, and return to work. The prevalent themes were: 1) Knowledge about the legislation and breastfeeding support benefits. Most participants only knew about the legislated four months maternity leave and time off for prenatal visits but lacked knowledge about comprehensive maternity benefits; 2) Perceptions and experiences of breastfeeding in the workplace. Breastfeeding was perceived to be a mother’s responsibility and a private issue. As a result, most participants stopped breastfeeding prior to or immediately upon return to work after maternity leave; 3) Barriers to breastfeeding continuation, such as the absence of a conversation about infant feeding plans between managers and mothers; and 4) Recommendations to improve breastfeeding support at work from an individual, organisational and national level. Conclusion: Our study contributions emphasise that breastfeeding support from managers should begin prior to the mother taking maternity leave, and that in addition to providing supportive facilities (such as private space and breastmilk storage), immediate supervisor support may be critical in fostering breastfeeding-friendly workplaces for mothers. Management implications for advancing workplace breastfeeding support in the public sector are presented.
A packaged intervention to improve viral load monitoring within a deeply rural health district of South Africa
Authors: Brijkumar Jaysingh , Johnson Brent , Zhao Yuan , Edwards Alex , Moodley Pravi , Pathan Khairoonisa , Pillay Selvan , Castro Kenneth , Sunpath Henry , Kuritzkes Dan , Moosa Yunus , Marconi Vincent
Published: October 2020

Background: The KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province of South Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV infection in the world. Viral load (VL) testing is a crucial tool for clinical and programmatic monitoring. Within uMkhanyakude district, VL suppression rates were 91% among patients with VL data; however, VL performance rates averaged only 38·7%. The objective of this study was to determine if enhanced clinic processes and community outreach could improve VL monitoring within this district. Methods: A packaged intervention was implemented at three rural clinics in the setting of the KZN HIV AIDS Drug Resistance Surveillance Study. This included file hygiene, outreach, a VL register and documentation revisions. Chart audits were used to assess fidelity. Outcome measures included percentage VL performed and suppressed. Each rural clinic was matched with a peri-urban clinic for comparison before and after the start of each phase of the intervention. Monthly sample proportions were modelled using quasi-likelihood regression methods for over-dispersed binomial data.Results: Mkuze and Jozini clinics increased VL performance overall from 33·9% and 35·3% to 75·8% and 72·4%, respectively which was significantly greater than the increases in the comparison clinics (RR 1·86 and 1·68, p<0·01). VL suppression rates similarly increased overall by 39·3% and 36·2% (RR 1·84 and 1·70, p<0·01). The Chart Intervention phase showed significant increases in fidelity 16 months after implementation.Conclusions: The packaged intervention improved VL performance and suppression rates overall but was significant in Mkuze and Jozini. Larger sustained efforts will be needed to have a similar impact throughout the province.
The MD-PhD Program in Geneva: A 10-Year Analysis of Graduate Demographics and Outcomes
Authors: ROCHA ANDRE DOS SANTOS , Combescure Cristophe , Negro Francesco
Published: October 2020

Background: MD-PhD programs confer degrees that empower medical doctors with in-depth scientific skills to contribute to biomedical research and academic medicine, alongside clinical practice. Whilst the career options and research opportunities related to graduates following these programs in the US are well documented, little is known about their European counterparts. In this article, we studied graduates who had completed the MD-PhD program at the University of Geneva between 2010 and 2019.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed in April 2019, targeting all medical doctors who had obtained the MD-PhD degree from the University of Geneva since 2010. Demographics, opinions, and career outcomes of the MD-PhD graduates were assessed through an online anonymous questionnaire.Results: Twenty-one questionnaires were collected from 31 MD-PhD graduates (response rate 65.5%). Most respondents (57.1%) had performed an MD-PhD training in basic sciences; however, only 14.3% had pursued this type of research thereafter. Most of the respondents held a position at a University hospital (90.5%), although a significant number of them were no longer involved in research in their current position (28.6%). 85.7% mentioned obstacles and challenges in combining clinical duties with research. Despite this, the majority (85.7%) declared that the MD-PhD degree had given them advantages in their career path, granting access to clinical and academic positions, as well as funding. Conclusions: Graduates from the MD-PhD program in Geneva were for the most part, satisfied with their training. However, because of the challenges and obstacles in combining clinical duties with research, the implementation of research activities in their current position proved difficult.
Clinical features of a Chinese female nongestational choriocarcinoma cohort: a retrospective study of 37 patients
Authors: Shao Yuming , Xiang Yang , Jiang Fang , Pan Boju , Wan Xirun , Yang Junjun , Feng Fengzhi , Ren Tong , Zhao Jun
Published: October 2020

Background Choriocarcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm, which is classified as either gestational choriocarcinoma or nongestational choriocarcinoma. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical characteristics of Chinese female nongestational choriocarcinoma patients and discuss our experience in treating this rare disease. Results We conducted a single-center retrospective study on a sample of 37 nongestational choriocarcinoma patients who were diagnosed and treated at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March 1982 to March 2020. Their demographic, clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic data were collected. Detailed information was available for all 37 individuals in our sample. The primary lesions included 34 in the ovaries, 2 in the pituitary and 1 in the stomach. The median age of onset was 22 years, and the median follow-up period spanned 41 months. The lungs (40.5%) were the most commonly observed metastatic site. All subjects were treated with surgery and multidrug chemotherapies, and a median of 4.0 courses was required to achieve complete remission. The overall complete response rate, relapse rate, and 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 81.1%, 16.7%, 80.0%, and 75.5%, respectively. Conclusions Nongestational choriocarcinoma can be managed well using surgery and multidrug chemotherapies, but the overall outcome of nongestational choriocarcinoma is still worse than that of gestational choriocarcinoma. Mixed nongestational choriocarcinoma seems to have similar therapeutic outcomes as pure tumors.
Investigating the effect of social networking site use on mental health in an 18-34 year-old general population. A cross-sectional study using the 2016 Scania Public Health Survey. 
Authors: Scott Emily Stella , Canivet Catarina A. , Östergren Per-Olof
Published: October 2020

Background: Social Networking Sites (SNS) are commonly used, especially by young adults. Their impact on mental health is unclear. Moreover, little is known about how social factors, e.g. Perceived Emotional Support (PES), may affect this association. Mental health issues are increasingly burdening the young generation and society as a whole. This study aims to investigate the association between frequency of SNS use and number of SNS contacts with the mental health of a young, Swedish population. Additionally, the potential effect modification of PES will be analysed in regard to these relationships.Method: This cross-sectional study applied logistic regression analyses to data on 1,341 participants (aged 18-34), retrieved from the Scania Public Health Survey (2016). Analyses were stratified by gender and the GHQ-12 scale assessed poor mental health. A 2-way interaction model was used to test for effect modification by PES regarding the association between SNS use and mental health.Results: Increased risk for poor mental health were found in women only. Using SNS almost hourly vs. less often resulted in an odds ratio (OR) of 1.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16–2.38). The corresponding figures for having ≥600 contacts vs. ≤599 were (1.89; 1.21–2.97). Having low PES and using SNS almost hourly was associated with an OR of 3.12 (CI = 1.69–5.76; synergy index (SI) = 1.25). Low PES and ≥600 contacts resulted in an OR of 6.07 (CI = 1.73–21.33), whereby interaction was detected (SI = 2.88).Conclusion: Women, but not men, with frequent SNS use and a high number of SNS contacts were more likely to have poor mental health, which was exacerbated in women with low PES. Facilitating PES could be an approach for improving mental health among young adults. Future studies on the use of SNS should focus more on gender analyses.