bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TESTE DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA
Authors: Ferreira Viviani Epifanio Machado , Ferreira Cristiano Corrêa
Published: April 2023

Os jogos educacionais têm-se tornado uma ferramenta importante no contexto educacional e de ampla aceitação e domínio para a atual geração de estudantes. No processo de ensino e de aprendizagem, esses jogos precisam de um notório engajamento dos usuários. Nesse contexto, este artigo apresenta um relato de experiência que mostra o processo de desenvolvimento de um game educacional, elaborado na plataforma do software Construct 2, e que foi denominado de Scientist Avenger. O jogo teve o propósito de reproduzir em sua estrutura o Teste de Alfabetização Científica Simplificado (TACB-S), desenvolvido por Vizzoto e Mackedanz. Vale destacar que a ação teve início durante a pandemia de COVID-19, que levou as Instituições de Ensino a suspenderem suas atividades presenciais, bem como, modificou o comportamento social da sociedade. Naquele momento, a gamificação emergiu como uma metodologia ativa que possuía familiaridade com os estudantes de diferentes faixas etárias. Metodologicamente, o jogo foi planejado para percorrer quatro (4) fases e, no futuro, será aplicado em estudantes do Ensino Médio de escolas do interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Espera-se que o game educacional desenvolvido se torne mais uma possibilidade do uso das tecnologias digitais no contexto escolar e que possa estimular trabalhos futuros a fim de tornar o jogo aplicável a qualquer nível da educação ou grupos de indivíduos.
Diversity and distribution of predatory stink bugs from India and their role in insect pest management (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae
Authors:   Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India, Pal Amartya , Dash Swetapadma ,   Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India, Khanra Susmita ,   Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India, Gupta Devanshu ,   Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
Published: April 2023

Asopinae is the only subfamily among Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), whose members exhibit predatory feeding habits. They are called predatory stink bugs as they mainly predate on several soft-bodied arthropods. In this study, we compile a consolidated list of the subfamily Asopinae from India, covering 30 species in 17 genera, supplemented with prey information of selected species based on our observations and literature records.
Profil Kasus Rawat Inap Bangsal Bedah BLUD RSUD Scholoo Keyen Papua Barat, Indonesia, Januari–Desember 2021
Authors: Harsono  , Wardhana
Published: April 2023

Tindakan bedah merupakan salah satu intervensi perawatan yang penting. Pusat kesehatan yang telah mengetahui tingkat kejadian kasus bedah spesifik dapat melakukan persiapan dengan lebih baik. Tujuan: Mendapatkan profil kasus rawat inap pasien di bangsal Bedah RSUD Scholoo Keyen Papua Barat, Indonesia, periode Januari–Desember 2021. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif retrospektif. Hasil: Selama periode tersebut didapatkan 206 pasien. Laki-laki sebanyak 60,68%, di mana 27,18% berusia 26-35 tahun, 70,39% merupakan kasus non-trauma, dan 93,69% menjalani tindakan operatif dengan sebagian besar lama perawatan 1-3 hari (71,84%). Tiga kasus terbanyak ialah apendisitis akut (18,45%), abses (14,08%), dan tumor jinak (13,11%). Simpulan: Pada studi ini, mayoritas pasien adalah laki-laki, usia 26-35 tahun, kasus non-trauma operatif terbanyak apendisitis akut dengan lama perawatan 1-3 hari.
 
Surgery is an important care intervention. Health centers with data on the incidence of specific surgical cases can be better prepared. Objective: To obtain profiles of surgical cases from January to December 2021 at Scholoo Keyen General Hospital, West Papua, Indonesia. Method: A retrospective descriptive survey. Results: During the period, 206 patients were registered. Patients were predominantly male (60,68%), aged 26- 35 years (27,18%), non-traumatic cases (70,39%). Surgery was done in 93,69% of cases within 1-3 days of treatment (71,84%). Three major cases were: acute appendicitis (18,45%), abscess (14,08%), and benign tumor (13,11%). Conclusion: The majority of cases were males, aged 26-35 years, non-traumatic surgical cases with 1-3 day length of treatment; the most frequent case was acute appendicitis.
Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana Capsulitis Adhesiva
Authors: Suhendro Amelia Puspita
Published: April 2023

Capsulitis adhesiva atau frozen shoulder merupakan gangguan sendi bahu akibat proses peradangan lapisan kapsular sendi glenohumeral yang menyebabkan kekakuan dan nyeri. Kondisi ini relatif umum. Diagnosis melalui anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang. Tatalaksana dilakukan secara non-operatif dan operatif.
 
Adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder is a disorder of the shoulder joint due to an inflammatory process in the capsular layer of the glenohumeral joint, resulting in stiffness and pain. This condition is relatively common. Diagnosis can be made through history, physical examination, and investigations. Management choices are non-operative and operative methods.
Peran Ultrasonografi pada Tamponade Jantung Akut Akibat Trauma Tumpul Dada
Authors: Tunggal Yahdiel Alexander Nantara , Noor Dharmawan Mursjid , Octavallen Andri
Published: April 2023

Pendahuluan: Tamponade jantung akut adalah kondisi mengancam nyawa. Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) merupakan salah satu modalitas pencitraan yang dinilai sensitif dan spesifik untuk membantu diagnosis. Kasus: Laki–laki, usia 29 tahun, pasca-trauma tumpul dada disertai peningkatan tekanan vena jugular, suara jantung menjauh tanpa hipotensi. Pada pemeriksaan POCUS didapatkan tanda sonografi tamponade. Pasien didiagnosis tamponade jantung akut. Hemodinamik membaik pasca-percutaneous pericardiocentesis ultrasound guiding di trauma bay. Diskusi: Modalitas bedside, seperti ultrasonografi diperlukan untuk menunjang diagnosis dan tata laksana tamponade jantung akut.
 
Introduction: Acute cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition. Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) is one of the imaging modalities considered sensitive and specific for diagnosis. Case: Male, 29 years old, post blunt chest trauma with increased jugular vein pressure, distant heart sounds without hypotension. On POCUS examination, sonographic tamponade was found. The patient was diagnosed with acute cardiac tamponade. Hemodynamics improved after percutaneous ultrasound guiding pericardiocentesis in the trauma bay. Discussion: Bedside modalities, such as ultrasonography are needed to support the diagnosis and management of acute cardiac tamponade.
Pengembangan Vaksin Malaria RTS,S/AS01
Authors: Khosasih Andrea Evans
Published: April 2023

Malaria masih endemik di dunia. Data WHO tahun 2020 mencatat 241 juta kasus malaria di dunia. Rekomendasi vaksin malaria oleh WHO diharapkan dapat membantu menurunkan angka kasus penderita malaria hingga 90% pada tahun 2030 dari baseline tahun 2015.
 
Malaria is still a world endemic. According to 2020 WHO data, there are 241 million cases of malaria in the world. The WHO malaria vaccine recommendation is expected to help reduce malaria cases by 90% by 2030 from the 2015 baseline.
Teknik Histerosalpingografi
Authors: Anjasmara I Kadek Dwiki , Hendrawardani Dewa Ayu Citra , Wijaya Andre Tjie , Darmiastini Ni Komang
Published: April 2023

Kelainan uterus dan tuba Falopi merupakan penyebab utama infertilitas. Patologi uterus dan tuba dapat berupa malformasi kongenital atau yang didapat. Beberapa metode pencitraan seperti laparoskopi, fluoroskopi, sonografi infus salin, dan histerosalpingografi (HSG) telah digunakan untuk menilai patologi uterus dan tuba. Meskipun laparoskopi adalah modalitas pilihan untuk menyelidiki patensi tuba dan struktur panggul, HSG merupakan metode diagnostik awal infertilitas karena kemudahan, akurasi, dan risiko komplikasi. Tinjauan ini mengilustrasikan beberapa fitur radiografi kelainan struktur pada uterus dan tuba Falopi.
 
Abnormalities of the uterus and fallopian tubes are major causes of infertility. Uterine and tubal pathology may be congenital or acquired malformations. Several imaging methods such as laparoscopy, fluoroscopy, infusion saline sonography, and hysterosalpingography (HSG) have been used in the assessment of uterine and tubal pathology. Although laparoscopy is the modality of choice for investigating tubal patency and pelvic structures, HSG is the initial diagnostic method for infertility screening because of its ease of performance, accuracy, and risk of complications that benefit from the size, contour, and surface anatomy of the uterus and fallopian tubes. This review illustrates some of the radiographic features of abnormalities of the uterus and fallopian tubes
Doctoral training in Bulgaria in the light of the Bologna process and the European Education Area
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Birezhakli Nadya
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Doctoral training is a key prerequisite for building the European Education Area. The article aims to provide an overview and an analysis of doctoral training in Bulgaria in the context of the Bologna Process and the European Education Area. The mains tasks are to outline the perspectives and challenges facing doctoral education, while at the same time attempting to derive recommendations for optimizing the educational and research process within doctoral education in Bulgaria. To achieve these aims, desk research and secondary data analysis were used, as well as content analysis of administrative and legal documents. The working hypothesis is that although the national-level regulatory framework is largely in line with European standards and guidelines, there are gaps in the implementation of the Bologna Process tools. Key words: doctoral training; Bologna Process; European Education Area; europeanization of education; European university alliances.
Gamification in the process of cognitive stimulation in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Navas-Alarcón Eduardo , Caizachana Alex , López Irene
Published: April 2023

This research studies the use of new information and communication technologies for the benefit of children with Down syndrome, it is about the design and programming of an application for mobile devices that stimulates playful interactions with the resource of gamification that takes advantage of the technological potential of video games in the educational field. Its interface was designed using Adobe Animate software with Action script programming language, designing two-dimensional animated graphics that encourage affective, cognitive and behavioral processes such as animals, their habitat and food; it also incorporates scenarios and sounds of easy grouping to encourage their academic activity in attention, visual retention and cognitive stimulation. The methodology used to design the first prototype was a survey of  teachers, psychologists and language specialists of the Foundation for children with special abilities "San Miguel de Salcedo" FUNESAMI, who actively contributed in the development, structure, content and implementation of the application, which was evaluated with the active participation of 14 children with Down syndrome in average age of 6 to 12 years, The application was evaluated with the active participation of 14 children with Down syndrome with an average age of 6 to 12 years, finding remarkable improvements in the attention and retention that the child directs to the game, achieving an interaction that facilitates the teaching-learning process compared to the traditional method, thus contributing to the improvement of the quality of life and development of the child patient, thus complying with what is stated in the Constitution of Ecuador contributing to the good living.
ICT Skills – Study concerning students from seventh to ninth grade in Viana do Castelo district
Authors: Rocha Manuel Trigueiro da , Muñoz-Repiso Ana García-Valcárcel , Costa Eusébio
Published: April 2023

The present study presents the results of an investigation within the scope of educational assessment. The main objective of this study is to assess the digital competencies of students from the 7th to 9th school years in the district of Viana do Castelo. Data were collected through a questionnaire, validated, composed by the dimensions Information and Informal Literacy, Communication and Collaboration, Creation of Digital Content, Security and Problem Solving. The sample consists of 861 respondents. After analysing the results, we consider it relevant to reflect on the trends that contribute to the importance of ICT in the young population. Similarly, it is possible to state that the students in our sample have a reasonable amount of general knowledge, skills and aptitudes regarding digital competences. However, when it comes to surfing the Internet, browsing and filtering information, as well as storing and retrieving information, adding and reformulating files, solving everyday life problems with technology, working with technological innovations and solving digital gaps, most students showed little mastery of these topics. Contrary to being in the same grade or not, it is the gender that shows a significant amount of statistically significant results, regarding digital knowledge, skills and competencies. It can be seen that most students do not ask their family members for help with school tasks, which leads to the conclusion that the acquisition of digital skills is not achieved within the household.
Feasibility and Usability of a Robot-Assisted Complex Upper and Lower Limb Rehabilitation System in Patients with Stroke: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kim Kyoung Tae , Choi Yongmin , Cho Jang Hyuk , Lee Soyoung
Published: April 2023

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and usability of cost-effective complex upper and lower limb robot-assisted gait training in patients with stroke using the GTR-A, a foot-plate based end-effector type robotic device.Methods Patients with subacute stroke (n=9) were included in this study. The enrolled patients received 30-minute robot-assisted gait training thrice a week for 2 weeks (6 sessions). The hand grip strength, functional ambulation categories, modified Barthel index, muscle strength test sum score, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, and Short Physical Performance Battery were used as functional assessments. The heart rate was measured to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the usability of robot-assisted gait training. All the parameters were evaluated before and after the robot-assisted gait training program.Results Eight patients completed robot-assisted gait training, and all parameters of functional assessment significantly improved between baseline and posttraining, except for hand grip strength and muscle strength test score. The mean scores for each domain of the questionnaire were as follows: safety, 4.40±0.35; effects, 4.23±0.31; efficiency, 4.22±0.77; and satisfaction, 4.41±0.25.Conclusion Thus, the GTR-A is a feasible and safe robotic device for patients with gait impairment after stroke, resulting in improvement of ambulatory function and performance of activities of daily living with endurance training. Further research including various diseases and larger sample groups is necessary to verify the utility of this device.
The image of the creation of plastic artists in the moldovan nonfiction film
Authors: Olarescu Dumitru
Published: April 2023

Art, having in its center the human being – the creator and his work, has always been in the attention of filmmakers, imposing itself in the evolution of cinema through complex subjects inspired by all the genres of art. In 1970, at the studio „Moldova-Film” was launched the first nonfiction film dedicated to the plastic artists – „Alexandru Plămădeală” directed by Anatol Codru. Then, followed the release of several films in this category, signed by different directors: ”Obsession” (director V. Druc, 1983), „Gleb” (director V. Jereghi, 1983), ”Confession” (1985), ”Mihai Grecu. Beyond Color” – both directed by M. Chistrugă, „Mihai Beţianu” (director Igor Isac, 1992) and others. We will try to elucidate how cinematic art currently serves the arts, which generated it, supporting them and capitalizing on them through its cinematic language.
The credit titles, a rosetta stone of the cinematographic narrative
Authors: Nicoara Catinca
Published: April 2023

The opening scenes of any film are produced first in the sound plane, then in the visual one and set the horizon of expectation to the future audience3, offering it through a methaphor specific to the language of this art, the deep meaning of the film. We can also say that this visual discourse graphically coded in the form of credit titles, communicates to the audience’s subconscious all the necessary elements for the cinematic narrative to acquire the force of truth, to be truthful.. Thus, „a pattern” or „a key” is established that the audience will unconsciously resort to in order to understand the meanings of the cinematic discourse when the dramatic moments of the film define the destiny of the narrrated universe. We could say that these moments constitute the foundation on which the film narrative is built, the universe in which the characters will evolve, but also the sighn of their destiny.
Contemporary textile art in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Sochichiu Greta , Savitkaia-Baraghin Iarina
Published: April 2023

In the twentieth century, in the field of textile art there were exhibition events that caused major changes in the attitude of artists and the public towards the two-dimensional or three-dimensional textile art object. Throughout its evolution, the textile art has undergone transformations and turning points, in line with the dominant artistic trends and styles of the time. From the first manifestations in consecrated form, that of a two-dimensional decorative object made of textile fibers in specific weaving techniques, and until now it has oscillated one after the other between the status of first-rate art and applied art, being closely linked to the craft of weaving that preceded it.
ESL Teacher’s Professional Identity in English Language Teaching
Authors: Hafeez Irfana
Published: April 2023

The current paper is a small-scale study on the core elements of professional identity (PI) issues among English as a second language (ESL) teachers. The study highlights the significance of professional identity, and the compromise and transformation ESL teachers undergo during their careers. Qualitative exploratory research methodology is applied in the investigation involving five ESL teachers. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted to explore the potential factors that have impacted English teachers’ professional identity. The study revealed the impact of top-down policy implementation, the significance of professionalism, unstructured overseas educational setup, and workplace challenges on the professional identity of English teachers. The findings of the study highlighted several key areas that had a positive as well as a negative impact on the PI of ESL teachers. ESL teachers’ adherence to their individuality and teaching philosophy in spite of facing different challenges, time and teaching experience of ESL teachers, culturally diverse working environment, and teachers’ evaluation system emerged as positive factors in PI development. However, the study also drew special attention to ESL teachers’ PI primarily getting affected by the imposition of a central policy system on ESL teachers, ignoring ESL teachers’ voices without taking their feedback into consideration, lack of awareness to foster positive professional relationships among peers and working in the overseas broken educational system. The study concluded that ESL teachers need their independent professional space to utilize their teaching capabilities and share their experiences to have an influential professional identity. However, due to the small number of participants a larger study would be better in unfolding in detail the causes behind the professional identity crises of ESL teachers.
Measuring Volatility Persistence and Asymmetric Effects Around Index Rebalancing of Nifty Indices
Authors: Ahluwalia Eshan , Tripathy Trilochan , Mishra Ajay Kumar
Published: April 2023

This paper examines the time-varying volatility behavior of the stocks that are added to or deleted from the major indices (Nifty 50 and Nifty Next 50) of the National Stock Exchange of India around the event of index rebalancing. The best fit asymmetric panel GJR-GARCH model estimates suggest that volatility persistence is relatively higher for the stocks added to a prominent benchmark index compared to the stocks deleted from such an index. On the contrary, the stocks deleted from a prominent benchmark index are exposed to a higher degree of volatility asymmetry than the stocks added. Our findings have implications on traders, asset managers, exchange managers, regulators and analysts.
THE ROLE OF THE LEADER-CHIEF ON THE EFFECTIVNESS OF THE
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM
Authors: SMBATYAN Gevorg , SMBATYAN Gegham
Published: April 2023

At all times, the effectiveness of the leader's management has played a major role
in ensuring the progress of the management system. To increase the efficiency of the
state system, the role of the chief is important, he must have the appropriate knowledge,
experience, skills, as well as the desire to motivate his subordinates. A brief reference
was made to the skills of the chief in the article. During the study, attention was paid to
the main types of chief, in particular, the main aspects of strong and weak chief were
highlighted, as well as the main features of the leader-chief. The relevance of the
problem under study also is that in a rapidly changing world, the head must make
decision(s) that correspond to the effectiveness of the structure, but at the same time
these decisions shouldn't be time-consuming. In this article, the main attention was paid
to the structure of the formation of the chief's behavior, as well as the factors of the
development and implementation of effective management decisions. As a result of the
conducted research, the relevant conclusions were made.
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF STATE POLICY ON
COMPETITIVENESS OF AGRICULTURE IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA
Authors: VOSKANYAN Ashot , TSPNETSYAN Lusine
Published: April 2023

It is impossible to get a comprehensive understanding of the impact of the factors determining the competitiveness of agriculture without a regression model and a quantitative assessment of that impact using econometric calculations, which allows to isolate the factors that have a greater or lesser impact. However, the range of result and factor indicators that have a statistical relationship with the competitiveness of the Republic's agriculture is not comprehensive (taking into account that not all of them may have such a relationship), which limits the possibilities of quantitative assessment of the joint impact of all factors on the said competitiveness. In this case, it is necessary to limit to the quantitative assessment of the impact of specific factors on individual characteristics of agricultural competitiveness. Taking into account the special role of the state policy factor in increasing the competitiveness of agriculture in terms of creating the necessary conditions and a favorable environment, the article highlighted and revealed the individual characteristics of the competitiveness of RA agriculture in the studied period: the value of the gross production of agriculture, the index of the volume of agricultural products, the productivity and commodity of agriculture. the statistical relationship between the level and the factor of budgetary allocations to agriculture considered as the bearer of the above-mentioned policy as a result of regression analysis. It made it possible to identify the characteristics of agricultural competitiveness on which the mentioned factor had more or less influence.
THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF
TAX ADMINISTRATION AND TAX SYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN RA TAX
SYSTEM
Authors: KIRAKOSYAN Narine , MANUCHARYAN Marat
Published: April 2023

In general, the fiscal goal of the state tax policy has always been and will be the most
important for our state. However, the relationship between the main and secondary goals and their content may be different depending on the socio-economic and tax strategy chosen by the state. The tax policies of different states differ in their characteristics and uniqueness. These differences are caused by national characteristics, geographical and historical factors, the state of the economic and social spheres and many other criteria. At the same time, the tax policy of the same country, even in conditions of an unchanged socio-economic structure, can differ significantly. Continuous changes in the economic and business environment of the Republic of Armenia create the need to anticipate new challenges and take appropriate steps to respond to them. Consequently, the focus of our state's tax policy activities in the coming years will be increasing theefficiency of tax administration, preventing offenses, modernizing infrastructures, providing service to taxpayers by improving management systems, strengthening taxpayer-tax authority cooperation and trust, which will instill the importance of tax discipline in the public. especially in overcoming emergency situations and ensuring the normal functioning of society. The achievements of the RA tax system management and tax administration are the cornerstone of defining the future directions of development and initiating the necessary measures for their implementation. And in a perfect distinction, the tax policies of the state and business entities will have one goal: the development of our country's economy, because it leads to the advancement of the economy, the increase of GDP, the growth of budget revenues, the increase of the material well-being of businessmen and the national population, etc.
STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL REPORTS OF
UNIVERSITIES
Authors: MARDOYAN Ashot , OGANOV Sergo , MURADYAN Meri
Published: April 2023

The article's purpose is to argue the necessity of presenting reports and examples of published reports. For the stated purpose, we have studied the concept of intellectual capital and its component elements, we considered the localization of their sub-components on the example of universities, we present case studies of university reports, and recommendations are made based on the studied material. In the framework of the research work, an analysis of theoretical material was performed, and research methods such as content analysis of documents, and analysis of case studies were used. The conducted studies allow us to draw conclusions that the presentation of intellectual property reports of universities is an important necessity that will become a competitive advantage. The presentation of reports should be based on the choice of one of the types of classifications of intellectual capital, the competence of the implementing staff, and the awareness of researchers about intellectual capital should be increased, it is important to give this practice a continuous nature in order to achieve positive results.
LINDA AND ENTROPY CONCENTRATION INDICES AS INSTRUMENTS OF
CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT
Authors: HAMBARDZUMYAN Arman
Published: April 2023

In all the financial organizations of the world, the homogenous distribution of profitable
assets receives a lot of attention. The most homogeneous distribution or diversification
of assets according to economic sectors, regions or ratings enables organizations to control possible credit risks, thus ensuring their financial stability and business continuity. In our article, we will use two coefficients: Linda and Entropy coefficients, with the help
of which we will get a more accurate estimate of the level of concentration. For these indicators, the easy calculation can be considered as an advantage, which stimulates managerial operative decision-making. Moreover, the Linda and Entropy coefficients provide a quantitative measure of the concentration of assets in a portfolio, which helps organizations determine the extent to which their portfolio is diversified. This is crucial
for making informed investment decisions and managing risk effectively. Thus, financial organizations can ensure a well-diversified portfolio.
Os ganhos econômicos diante da propiedade intelectual: retorno do investimento à sociedade
Authors: Teodoro Auristela Felix de Oliveira , Quintella Cristina M.
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas possibilidades de ganhos econômicos diante da propriedade intelectual desenvolvida e a relevância dos mesmos para a sociedade. Salienta-se que os ganhos econômicos nutrem a continuidade do processo inventivo, de maneira a convergir o interesse dos inventores, das organizações, do mercado e do Estado sob a égide do interesse social, que deve prevalecer. Portanto, a sociedade precisa ter acesso às novas tecnologias desenvolvidas para, também, melhorar a qualidade de vida, e ainda, estabelecer que o desenvolvimento econômico esteja alinhado ao bem-estar socioambiental. Neste estudo, foram abordados diversos tipos de vantagens econômicas para o licenciador, quais sejam os royalties, royalties mínimos, royalties escalonados ou variáveis, pagamentos fixos, transferência de know-how, assistência técnica e as penalidades e indenizações concernentes. Pode-se concluir que os métodos e procedimentos explicitados não se sobrepõem, ao contrário, demonstram que em todos há vantagens e desvantagens e que a tomada de decisões conjuntas, tende a aumentar o retorno por diminuir o risco do investimento, diante do conhecimento da tecnologia envolvida, do ambiente mercadológico, da transparência nas negociações e no cumprimento dos acordos pelos parceiros envolvidos.
La Percepción de la Ciudadanía Sobre la Incidencia de los Medios de Comunicación Social, Redes Sociales y Opinión Publica en los Procesos Penales dentro del Cantón Cuenca en el año 2020.
Authors: Amaya Pardo Stephanie Alexandra , Torres Wilchez Marcelo Urbano
Published: April 2023

A través del tiempo la opinión pública ha generado garrafales influencias en la administración de justicia, cada día se han violentado los derechos de los procesados, violaciones que rayan en lo absurdo, en la actualidad este fenómeno ha empeorado con el acceso universal a redes sociales que propagan las noticias con mayor rapidez sin discriminar si esta información ha sido contrastada o no. De esta forma el común de las personas se han generado un criterio sin ningún conocimiento sobre los casos penales y justamente en base a ese criterio se generan cruentos debates en los que por lo general la persona procesada, sin haber concluido aún el proceso penal, ya han sido hallados culpables por la tan vulnerable y manipulable opinión pública. Este articulo pretende de manera general estudiar la percepción de la ciudadanía del proceso mediante el cual esta opinión pública influye en los operadores de justicia y sus decisiones.
Efectos financieros de la gestión publicitaria y los costos de venta del sector comercial: una aproximación a los ingresos generados en tiempos de pandemia.
Authors: Lara Lojano Doris Gabriela , Paspuel Túquerres Mayra Edith , Arcos Pérez Mónica Elizabeth
Published: April 2023

El sector comercial durante la transición pandémica ha mantenido un margen de ganancias sustentable frente a las inversiones realizadas en publicidad y los costos de ventas, pues han servido como amortiguamiento financiero. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación que poseen la gestión publicitaria y los costos de ventas frente a los ingresos generados durante la pandemia. El método de regresión lineal fue propuesto para identificar los efectos financieros que poseen los gastos publicitarios, costos de ventas sobre las ventas de las empresas comerciales de Tungurahua. Los resultados determinaron que, el sector no realiza inversiones en estrategias publicitarias, sin embargo, han gestionado montos que les ha permitido tener un grado de conexión con los usuarios para incrementar su participación en el mercado. El desenlace del trabajo concluyó que, la inclusión de una adecuada gestión publicitaria permitirá un crecimiento constante en las ventas, con una leve apertura de nuevos mercados.
Synthesis of tungsten-doped PbI2 nanostructure
Authors: Z. Z. Zhong
Published: April 2023

Facile synthesis of the microwave was applied to assist in synthesizing pure and tungsten-doped lead iodide (W: PbI2) nanosheets with less than 100 nm thickness. The proposed W-doped PbI2 nanosheets were subjected to various characterization, including structural, morphological, spectral, optical, dielectric, and radiation studies. SEM and EDX investigations confirmed that the tungsten dopants affect the undoped PbI2 matrix. The structural morphology from XRD patterns approved the good crystallinity of the prepared W-doped PbI2 nanostructures. Optical characterizations revealed the energy band structure of the grown materials. The dielectric constant of the W-doped PbI2 nanostructures varied from 23 to 31, confirming the increasing dielectric trend with increasing W doping concentrations. The Gamma linear absorption coefficient value was found to vary between 9.2 and 15 in case Am-241, suggesting various applications in radiation detectors for the prepared W-doped PbI2 nanostructured sheets.
Analysis of flakes-based BiOI nanostructure
Authors: W. Antoine  , K. Kennedy
Published: April 2023

This article reports the comprehensive details of structure, morphology, mechanical, thermal, and optical details of BiOI material and film, combining both experimental and first-principle calculations. The structure, morphology, atomic concentration, and optical properties have been investigated via XRD, SEM, EDX, and UV-vis analysis. Moreover, the first-principle calculations have been performed applying the plane-wave pseudopotential based density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the structural aspects, mechanical behaviors, thermal, and optical characteristics of the prepared BiOI compound. The calculated lattice constants reasonably agree with its experimental values. BiOI's mechanical stability requirement is perfectly fulfilled by the derived elastic constants. This BiOI compound could be utilized as a thermal barrier coating (TBC) material because of the calculated Debye temperature and minimum thermal conductivity. Furthermore, crucial optical factors such as absorption coefficient, dielectric constants, photoconductivity, loss function, refractive index, and reflectivity are studied and described in order to maximize the effectiveness of BiOI applications.
Physical studies of CuIn1-xGaxSe2/Si1-yGey
Authors: I. Meltis
Published: April 2023

The importance of combining the Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) and Silicon (Si) for solar cell technologies outruns the limitations for their commercialization and the conversion efficiency limits. The lattice mismatch (about 5%) between chalcopyrite quaternary (CIGS) and silicon (Si) regions induces strain, affecting the electronic properties of the CIGS/Si hetero-junction solar cell, an innovative view suggests inserting a silicon germanium (Si1-yGey) layer into CIGS/Si interface to reduce the lattice mismatch effects. The impact of varying gallium and germanium concentrations (xGa and yGe) on the lattice mismatch, critical thickness and absorption coefficient of CIGS/SiGe based solar cells is investigated. As well as their effects on the main parameters used to characterize the performance of solar cells such as external quantum efficiency, open circuit voltage, short current density, fill factor and the conversion efficiency. Good agreement between simulation results and both existing theoretical and experimental literature data proves adequacy of the physical properties used in this numerical investigation. Optimizing Gallium and Germanium concentrations makes it possible to achieve an efficiency of 24% due to the lattice compensation effect in Si1-yGey layers.
Organic solar cells and their applications Shah, Razon Oda, F. Hazuan
Authors: A. Shah  , Razon Oda  , F. Hazuan
Published: April 2023

Enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is the ma- jor task in the development of solar cells. In 1961, Willi- am Shockley and Hans J. Queisser pointed out that the highest PCE for a single-junction solar cell is limited to 31% due to the thermalization and transmission losses. Singlet fission (SF) is an appealing carrier-multiplication approach to break the Shockley-Queisser limit, since it converts one high- energy singlet exciton into two low-energy triplet excitons. Thus, one absorbed photon generates two electron–hole pairs [1]. SF phenomenon was first observed in anthracene single crystals in 1965. It attracted attention again in 2006. In organic semiconductors, a singlet exciton (S1) forms after the ab- sorption of a photon. If the energy of this singlet exciton is greater than twice of that for triplet exciton (T1), namely E(S1) > 2E(T1), then spin-allowed fission (S1 → 2T 1) could occur. The general kinetic model for SF process is S0 is the ground state, S1 is the excited singlet state, 1(TT) is the intermediate state of a correlated triplet pair, and T1 + T1 are two independent triplet states (Figure 1(a)). The application needs materials with high fission efficiency, suitable bandgap for capturing high-energy photons, appropriate triplet energy and high chemical stability. Owing to the existence of competitive pathways (i.e. S1 to S0 relaxation in picosecond–nanosecond timescale; excimer formation in femtosecond timescale; charge transfer (CT) process in femtosecond timescale, SF needs to occur in pico- second or sub-picosecond timescale. Thus, SF requires strong intermolecular coupling. The intermolecular coupling can be realized via Van der Waals force, weak non-bonded interactions and so on. The coupling distance not only affects SF rate and triplet yield, but also influences the lifetime and diffusion length of triplet excitons [2].
Central sensitization in osteoarthritic knee pain: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Özge Kılıçaslan Hamide , Genç Aysun , Tuncer Safiye
Published: April 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate central sensitization and associated factors in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients and compare them with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and healthy controls.

Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 125 participants (7 males, 118 females; mean age: 57.2±8.2 years; range, 45 to 75 years) between January 2017 and December 2018. Sixty-two patients with symptomatic knee OA, 32 RA patients with knee pain, and 31 healthy controls constituted the participants. Central sensitization was investigated with the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) measurements. Pain, functional status, and psychosocial features were assessed with self-reported questionnaires.

Results: The OA and RA groups had significantly lower PPT values at local, peripheral, and remote regions compared to the healthy controls. Pressure hyperalgesia was shown at the knee with a 43.5% prevalence, 27.4% at the leg, and 8.1% at the forearm of OA patients. Pressure hyperalgesia was present at the knee, leg, and forearm in 37.5%, 25%, and 9.4% of RA patients, respectively. Pressure pain threshold values, CSI scores, frequency of pressure hyperalgesia, and frequency of central sensitization according to the CSI were not statistically different between the OA and RA groups. Psychosocial features and structural damage were not correlated with PPT values in the OA group.

Conclusion: The severity of chronic pain and functional status may be the clinical clues to recognizing patients with central sensitization since local joint damage does not play a direct role in the etiopathogenesis of central sensitization in OA patients and severe pain persisting in the chronic process is associated with central sensitization regardless of the pathogenesis.
The correlation between six-minute walking distance and maximum phonation time in healthy adults
Authors: Mulya Santausa Febrian , Nusdwinuringtyas Nury , Fransiska Ulianna Tambunan Tresia , Friska Dewi
Published: April 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association between six-minute walking distance (6MWD) and maximum phonation time (MPT) in healthy adults.

Patients and methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted with 50 sedentary nonsingers (32 females, 18 males; mean age: 33.5±8.3 years; range, 18 to 50 years) between February 2021 and April 2021. Subjects with a history of smoking, respiratory symptoms in the last two weeks, and heart, lung, musculoskeletal, and balance problems were excluded. The measurements of MPT and 6MWD were carried out by two different assessors blinded to each other.

Results: The mean MPT was higher in male subjects (27.4±7.4 sec vs. 20.6±5.1 sec, p<0.001). In the bivariate analysis, there was a significant correlation between MPT and 6MWD (r=0.621, p<0.001), as well as body height (r=0.421, p=0.002) and the mean fundamental frequency (r=-0.429, p=0.002); however, no association was found with age, body weight, and the mean sound pressure level. After multiple regression, 6MWD was the only factor associated with MPT (p=0.002).

Conclusion: There is a significant association between 6MWD and MPT in healthy adults, and the results suggest that aerobic capacity might have a role in improving the ability to sustain phonation.
Compromised T-cell immunity in patients with spinal cord injury and its relationship with injury characteristics
Authors: Kartal Ozgur , Yilmaz Bilge , Gülec Mustafa , Guzelkucuk Umüt , Kenan Tan Arif , Sener Osman , Muşabak Uğur
Published: April 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo and in vitro cellular immune responses in patients with chronic (spinal cord injury; SCI), determine the effects of autonomic dysfunction on cellular immune response, and determine the effect of completeness of the injury at different levels on cellular immune response.

Patients and methods: Forty-nine patients (42 males, 7 females; mean age: 35.5±13.4 years; range, 18 to 68 years) with chronic (time since injury >6 months) traumatic SCI were included in this cross sectional study between March 2013 and December 2013. Patients were allocated into two groups: Group 1, patients with an injury at T7 or below, and Group 2, patients with an injury at T6 or above. All patients in Group 2 had a history of autonomic dysreflexia and orthostatic hypotension. Intradermal skin tests were applied to the participants to reveal delayed T-cell responses. The percentages of cluster of differentiation (CD)3+ T cells and CD3+ T cells expressing CD69 and CD25 were analyzed by flow cytometry for the detection of activated T cells including all T-cell subsets.

Results: When patients with complete injuries were compared, the CD45+ cell percentage was found to be significantly higher in patients in Group 2. Patients with an incomplete SCI had increased skin response to candida antigens compared to complete SCI patients. Incomplete SCI patients also had higher percentages of lymphocytes and CD3+CD25+ and CD3+CD69+ T cells compared to patients with complete SCI.

Conclusion: T-cell activity is impaired in chronic SCI patients with higher levels of injury, and the completeness of injury and autonomic dysfunction gain prominence as compromising factors in T-cell immunity.
De los debates a dos a los debates de varios candidatos. Estética y discurso
Authors: Núñez Martínez María Acracia
Published: April 2023

Los cambios acontecidos en España en lo que a procesos electorales se refiere desde la celebración de las primeras elecciones democráticas hasta la actualidad han sido de índole diversa. La afluencia masiva a los mítines como único medio para conocer de primera mano los programas electorales se ha visto superada por la incorporación de los debates electorales como un elemento necesario que permite a la ciudadanía, sin moverse de su hogar, contrastar las opiniones de los diferentes candidatos.A lo largo de este trabajo se analizará la evolución de los debates y lo que la ciudadanía espera de ellos.
"Habla para que yo te conozca”
Authors: Ocaña Juan Ignacio
Published: April 2023

Saber usar la voz es un arma poderosa, un instrumento para persuadir, influir e incluso tener poder. Qué se dice, pero sobre todo cómo se dice, nos hace únicos, permite a los demás reconocernos, y hace que nuestros mensajes lleguen o se diluyan en discursos caducos. De ahí que el uso de la voz se cuide cada vez más por los políticos. No se trata solo de lo que dicen sino de cómo lo dicen.
Cooperative learning to enhance oral proficiency meta-analysis of research
Authors: Limones-Borbor Julieta Verónica
Published: April 2023

This study sought to determine the usefulness of the application of Cooperative Learning elements and principles to enhance Ecuadorian students’ Oral Proficiency in English Language Learning. This study began with the analysis of several theories in which many authors define cooperative learning as working together in small groups to reach a common goal, but perhaps the benefits of oral production should be emphasized. Cooperative Learning and its elements contribute to lower anxiety and hesitation increasing self-confidence and motivation likewise it fosters equal participation.
Avaliação multivariada de um fotocatalisador dopado com nanopartículas de prata para a degradação de compostos orgânicos em uma amostra de efluente
Authors: Lozano-Orna Eduardo Patricio , Reyes-Vera Carlos Humberto
Published: April 2023

Foi avaliada a atividade fotocatalítica de um fotocatalisador dopado com nanopartículas de prata para degradar compostos orgânicos em solução aquosa. Elaboração de 3 fotocatalisadores pelo método sol-gel utilizando tetrabutóxido de titânio (Ti(O-But)4) como base, álcool isopropílico como solvente, ácido nítrico (HNO3) como catalisador e nitrato de prata (AgNO3) em diferentes concentrações de 10 , 20 e 50% de prata como solução de dopagem. Avaliando a atividade fotocatalítica em triplicata em um branco de azul de metileno com soluções de 0,01520 mg/mL que foram submetidas a intensidades de luz de 344, 220, 206 lux fornecidas por lâmpadas de luz ultravioleta (UVc) de 40, 20 e 10W respectivamente, com agitação contínua por meio de aeração em 24 horas, as medições de mudança de concentração foram feitas por espectrofotometria UV-Visível. Verificou-se que a concentração óptima de prata no fotocatalisador era de 20% e a intensidade luminosa adequada era de 344 lux, com isto mediu-se a actividade fotocatalítica numa amostra de água residual do rio Chibunga, fez-se uma análise inicial, depois avaliou-se as alterações após 24 horas de exposição obtendo como resultado final a diminuição da concentração de alguns parâmetros na amostra de água residual como óleos e gorduras de 78,0 mg/L para 1,0mg/L, Nitratos 22,33 mg/L para 5,30 mg/L e eliminação de coliformes totais de 4,8x106 para 0 UFC/100mL. Foi determinado que há atividade fotocatalítica do fotocatalisador que teve um valor de K= 0,017 min-1 na amostra, foram identificados a intensidade luminosa, o tempo de residência e a concentração ótima de prata na qual os compostos orgânicos podem ser degradados em solução aquosa. . Recomenda-se realizar este teste em amostras de água contaminadas com metais pesados, hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos (PAH's) para aumentar as informações sobre a degradação de poluentes por este método.