bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is performance in mathematics and statistics related to success in business education?
Authors: Opstad Leiv
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The purpose of the article is to gain more insight into factors that can explain students' success in business subjects. The focus is on the connection between performance in introductory courses in business mathematics (BM) and business statistics (BS) and success in various business subjects.

Design/methodology/approach

Use of a regression model with administrative data from a business school in Norway over a period of 10 years.

Findings

The findings show a strong correlation, especially in quantitative subjects. The results suggest that statistical skills are more strongly related to academic success than mathematical skills.

Research limitations/implications

The data are collected from only one school. No information on undergraduates' personalities and behaviours is available.

Originality/value

There are limited published studies that have explored the relationship between success in statistics and later achievements in business courses. This is useful knowledge for planning the content of the bachelor's programme.
“That's not a proper ethnography”: a hybrid “propportune” ethnography to study nurses' perceptions of organisational culture in a British hospital
Authors: Sambrook Sally , Hillier Charlotte , Doloriert Clair
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This paper revolves around the central question: is it possible to do “proper ethnography” without complete participant observation? The authors draw upon a student's experiences of negotiating National Health Service (NHS) ethical approval requirements and access into the student's research field, a British NHS hospital and having to adapt data collection methods for the student's doctoral research. The authors examine some of the positional (insider/outsider, native gone academic), methodological (long-term/interrupted, overt/covert) and contextual challenges that threatened the student's ethnographic study.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on reflexive vignettes written during the student's doctorate, capturing significant moments and issues within the student's research.

Findings

The authors highlight the temporal, practical, ethical and emotional challenges faced in attempting an ethnography of nursing culture within a highly regulated research environment. Having revealed the student's experience of researching this specific culture and finding ways to overcome these challenges, the authors conclude that the contemporary ethnographer needs to be increasingly flexible, opportunistic and somewhat covert.

Research limitations/implications

The authors argue that it is possible to do “proper” and “good” ethnography without complete participant observation – it is not the method, the observation, that is the essence of ethnography, but whether the researcher achieves real understanding through thick descriptions of the culture that explain “what is really going on here”.

Practical implications

The authors hope to assist doctoral students engage in “good” ethnographic research within (potentially) risk-averse host organisations, such as the NHS, whilst being located in neo-liberal performative academic organisations (Foster, 2017; McCann et al., 2020). The authors wish to contribute to the journal to ensure good ethnography is accessible and achievable to (particularly) doctoral researchers who have to navigate complex challenges exacerbated by pressures in both the host and home cultures. The authors wish to see doctoral researchers survive and thrive in producing good organisational ethnographies to ensure such research is published (Watson 2012), cognisant of the pressures and targets to publish in top-ranked journals (Jones et al. 2020).

Originality/value

Having identified key challenges, the authors demonstrate how these can be addressed to ensure ethnography remains accessible to and achievable for, doctoral researchers, particularly in healthcare organisations. The authors conclude that understanding can be attained in what they propose as a hybrid form of “propportune” ethnography that blends the aim of the essence of “proper” anthropological approaches with the “opportunism” of contemporary data collection solutions.
The influence of seamless shopping experience on customers’ word of mouth on social media
Authors: Li Jingwen , Chang Yaping
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Despite the increasing relevance of seamless shopping experience in an omnichannel context, research on how seamless shopping experience affects customers’ word of mouth on social media (sWOM) remains scant. Based on the attribution theory, this study aims to investigate the effects of seamless shopping experience types on customers’ sWOM intentions from the perspective of smart-shopping feelings and validated the moderation role of shopping orientation.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a data set of 301 omnichannel customers, three scenario-based experiments were conducted to address the research questions.

Findings

An efficient and interconnected experience is more likely to positively affect sWOM intentions than an inefficient but interconnected experience. Furthermore, smart-shopping feelings were found to have a significant mediating effect. For experiential-oriented shoppers, the positive relationship between an efficient and interconnected experience, smart-shopping feelings and sWOM intentions was significantly strengthened.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the sWOM and omnichannel service experience literature by investigating the influences of seamless shopping experience types on customers’ sWOM intentions. This research also provides recommendations for designing and delivering a superior, seamless shopping experience for omnichannel shoppers.
Optimal financing modes of a capital-constrained manufacturer under different sales strategies
Authors: Ma Peng , Yuan Qin , Xu Henry
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Previous studies have rarely integrated the financing modes of a capital-constrained manufacturer with the choices of online sales strategies. To address this gap, the authors study how a manufacturer selects optimal financing modes under different sales strategies in three dual-channel supply chains.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper considers three sales strategies, namely, combining a traditional retailer channel with one of the direct selling, reselling and agency selling channels, and two common financing modes, namely, bank financing and retailer financing. The authors obtain equilibrium outcomes of the manufacturer and traditional retailer and then provide the conditions for them to select optimal financing modes under three sales strategies.

Findings

The results indicate that the manufacturer’s financing decisions rely on the initial capital and interest rates, and the manufacturer selects retailer financing only if the initial capital is relatively larger. In terms of financing mode options, the retailer financing mode is more beneficial for the manufacturer under the three sales strategies. From the perspective of sales strategies, the direct selling model is more beneficial. In addition, the higher the consumer acceptance of the online channel, the more profits the manufacturer obtains.

Practical implications

This paper provides suggestions on how the capital-constrained manufacturer chooses financing modes and sales strategies.

Originality/value

This paper integrates the financing mode and different sales strategies to investigate the manufacturer’s optimal operational decisions. These sales strategies allow us to investigate the manufacturer’s optimal financing modes in the presence of both different financing modes and sales strategies.
Soft lean practices and organizational resilience in the service sector
Authors: Tortorella Guilherme , Prashar Anupama , Antony Jiju , Vassolo Roberto , Mac Cawley Alejandro , Peimbert Garcia Rodrigo , Nascimento Daniel Luiz de Mattos
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the relationship between the implementation of soft lean practices and organizational resilience development in the service sector.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-methods explanatory design that relied on two sequential and complementary phases was adopted. In the first phase, a quantitative analysis was performed based on data collected from practitioners from service organizations, allowing the identification of the significance of this relationship. In the second phase, the authors used semi-structured interviews with experts to qualitatively assess how this relationship occurs.

Findings

Findings indicated that soft lean practices are positively associated with organizational resilience, although the extent of their relationships varies depending on the resilience ability under analysis. Interviews with experts also provided specific details on how such relationships occur, adding insights to the numerical results.

Originality/value

This study provides a deeper understanding of the implications of lean management, specifically concerning the support of soft lean practices to develop organizational resilience. Additionally, the identification of this relationship (and how it occurs) allows service organizations to deploy human-related strategies to promote broader adoption of certain soft lean practices. As socio-cultural changes are usually time-consuming, anticipating these organizational resilience needs may result in competitive advantages in the face of disruptive events.
Involving older adults and unpaid carers in the research cycle: reflections on implementing the UK national standards for public involvement into practice
Authors: Jones Catrin Hedd , Seddon Diane , Algar-Skaife Katherine , Maddock Carol , Green Stephanie
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to share how the Centre for Ageing and Dementia Research co-designs research within a national programme of work to improve the lives of older adults and those affected by dementia. Through examples of this work, the authors identify the barriers and enablers to participatory approaches and lessons to inform future involvement activities.

Design/methodology/approach

This study reflects on implementing the UK National Standards for Public Involvement into practice. Of international relevance, the observations span the research process from research prioritisation and design to research implementation and knowledge exchange.

Findings

This study demonstrates the importance of using a relational approach, working toward a common purpose and engaging in meaningful dialogue. Only through offering choice and flexibility and actively learning from one another can co-design lead to synergistic relationships that benefit everyone.

Research limitations/implications

Key implications for researchers engaged in patient and public involvement are be receptive to other people’s views and acknowledge expertise of those with lived experience alongside those with academic expertise. Training, resources and time are required to effectively support involvement and meaningful relationships. A nominated contact person enables trust and mutual understanding to develop. This is an ongoing collective learning experience that should be embedded throughout the entire research process.

Originality/value

This paper demonstrates how the standards are implemented with people who are often excluded from research to influence a national programme of work.
Unsafe communities: environmental injustice in carceral spaces
Authors: Estes Michelle L. , Leon-Corwin Maggie , McElroy Jericho R.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Research shows that the physical locations of correctional facilities often contribute to environmental hazards. Research also shows that correctional facilities are often sited near hazardous or undesirable land(s). In combination, incarcerated individuals may be at increased risk of experiencing negative health consequences because of exposure to various environmental harms. This is especially alarming as incarcerated individuals lack the capacity to decide where they are detained. In these cases, health issues that may have developed while detained may extend beyond incarceration. Furthermore, incarcerated individuals are not protected by the Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental Justice policies.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a case study approach, the authors examine two specific correctional facilities in the USA to not only demonstrate the various environmental harms that incarcerated individuals encounter but also highlight carceral spaces as sites of environmental violations.

Findings

Additionally, the authors address the negative health consequences incarcerated individuals report because of exposure to these harms. They also argue that creating safer communities requires more than reducing crime and preventing criminal victimization. Creating safer communities also includes promoting environmental safety and protection from hazards that cause sickness and disease.

Originality/value

This work contributes to an emerging and growing body of literature that examines the intersection of carceral studies and environmental justice.
Understanding Society: minimising selection biases in data collection using mobile apps
Authors: Jäckle Annette , Burton Jonathan , Couper Mick P.
Published: December 2023

Understanding Society, the UK Household Longitudinal Study has a programme of research and development that underpins innovations in data collection methods. One of our current focuses is on using mobile applications to collect additional data that supplement data collected in annual interviews. To date, we have used mobile apps to collect data on consumer expenditure, well‐being, anthropometrics and cognition. In this paper, we review the potential barriers to data collection using mobile apps and experimental evidence collected with the Understanding Society Innovation Panel, on what can be done to reduce these barriers.
Using Understanding Society to study intergenerational wealth mobility in the UK
Authors: Levell Peter , Sturrock David
Published: December 2023

Understanding Society, the UK Household Longitudinal Study enables researchers to track individuals as they grow up and form new households, making it invaluable for studying the intergenerational persistence of outcomes including income, health and wealth. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Understanding Society relative to other datasets, and document patterns of attrition as individuals transition from childhood to adulthood. We then use Understanding Society to document the intergenerational persistence of wealth in the UK. We find that the intergenerational persistence of wealth is greater than for earnings, and that only around half of the intergenerational persistence of wealth can be explained by the intergenerational persistence in earnings and education.
Understanding Society: health, biomarker and genetic data
Authors: Benzeval Michaela , Aguirre Edith , Kumari Meena
Published: December 2023

Understanding Society, the UK Household Longitudinal Study includes a wide range of health measures, and in particular biomarker and genetic data. This makes it a unique resource for research on the economics of health. We review the main features of the biomarker data, how they are collected, and evidence on data quality. We also discuss examples of how these data have been used in economic research to date.
Long noncoding RNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for diabetes mellitus and complications: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Su Xuee , Huang Huibin , Lai Jinqing , Lin Shu , Huang Yinqiong
Published: December 2023

Aims

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may be associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications; however, the findings remain controversial. We aimed to synthesize the available data to assess the diagnostic utility of lncRNAs for identification of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its consequences.

Materials and Methods

We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis, searching PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for articles published from September 11, 2015 to December 27, 2022. We evaluated human case–control or cohort studies on differential lncRNA expression in type 2 diabetes mellitus or its associated comorbidities. We excluded studies if they were non‐peer reviewed or published in languages other than English. From 2387 identified studies, we included 17 (4685 participants).

Results

Analysis of the pooled data showed that lncRNAs had a diagnostic area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.80–0.87), with a sensitivity of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.74–0.83) and a specificity of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.69–0.80). LncRNAs had an AUC of 0.65 for the diagnosis of prediabetes, with 82% sensitivity and 65% specificity.

Conclusions

LncRNAs may be promising diagnostic markers for type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications.
Enhancing Geological Understanding and Identifying Gold Anomalies in the Ailaoshan Orogen
Authors: ZHAO Shiyu , YANG Lin , SONG Yiwei , DONG Yuntao , FENG Lihao , LI Huajian , WU Junyu , WANG Qingfei
Published: December 2023

The Ailaoshan Orogen in the southeastern Tibet Plateau, situated between the Yangtze and Simao blocks, underwent a complex structural, magmatic, and metamorphic evolution resulting in different tectonic subzones with varying structural lineaments and elemental concentrations. These elements can conceal or reduce anomalies due to the mutual effect between different anomaly areas. Dividing the whole zone into subzones based on tectonic settings, ore cluster areas, or sample catchment basins (Scb), geochemical and structural anomalies associated with gold (Au) mineralization have been identified utilizing mean plus twice standard deviations (Mean + 2STD), factor analysis (FA), concentration‐area (C‐A) modeling of stream sediment geochemical data, and lineament density in both the Ailaoshan Orogen and the individual subzones. The FA in the divided 98 Scbs with 6 Scbs containing Au deposits can roughly ascertain unknown rock types, identify specific element associations of known rocks and discern the porphyry or skarn‐type Au mineralization. Compared with methods of Mean + 2STD and C‐A model of data in the whole orogen, which mistake the anomalies as background or act the background as anomalies, the combined methods of FA and C‐A in the separate subzones or Scbs works well in regional metallogenic potential analysis. Mapping of lineament densities with a 10‐km circle diameter is not suitable to locate Au deposits because of the delineated large areas of medium‐high lineament density. In contrast, the use of circle diameters of 1.3 km or 1.7 km in the ore cluster scale delineates areas with a higher concentration of lineament density, consistent with the locations of known Au deposits. By analyzing the map of faults and Au anomalies, two potential prospecting targets, Scbs 1 and 63 with a sandstone as a potential host rock for Au, have been identified in the Ailaoshan Orogen. The use of combined methods in the divided subzones proved to be more effective in improving geological understanding and identifying mineralization anomalies associated with Au, rather than analyzing the entire large area.
Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Xingxingxia Triassic A‐type Granites in Central Tianshan, NW China: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications
Authors: HUANG Zengbao , LI Xiyao , ZHAO Hao , LU Qing
Published: December 2023

The Triassic granitoids in Central Tianshan play a key role in determining the petrogenesis and tectonic evolution on the southern margin of the Central Asian orogenic belt. In this study, we present SHRIMP zircon U‐Pb ages, Hf isotopic and geochemical data on the Xingxingxia biotite granite, amazonite granite and granitic pegmatite in Central Tianshan, NW China. Zircon U‐Pb dating yielded formation ages of 242 Ma for the biotite granite and 240 Ma for the amazonite granite. These granitoid rocks have high K2O with low MgO and CaO contents. They are enriched in Nb, Ta, Hf and Y, while being depleted in Ba and Sr, showing flat HREE patterns and negative Eu anomalies. They have typical A‐type granite geochemical signatures with high Ga/Al (8–13) and TFeO/(TFeO + MgO) ratios, showing an A2 affinity for biotite granite and an A1 affinity for amazonite granite and granitic pegmatite. Zircon εHf(t) values of the granitoids are 0.45–2.66, with Hf model ages of 0.99–1.17 Ga. This suggests that these A‐type granites originated from partial melting of the lower crust. We propose that Xingxingxia Triassic A‐type granites formed under lithospheric extension from post‐orogenic to anorogenic intraplate settings and NE‐trending regional strike‐slip fault‐controlled magma emplacement in the upper crust.
Platform Evolution in an Oligo–Miocene Back‐arc Basin: An Example from the Central Iran Basin
Authors: SHARIFI‐YAZDI Masoud , ENAYATI Amirhossein , SALEHI AGHDAM Jamal , BAHREHVAR Mohammad , REZAEI Seyed Mustafa
Published: December 2023

The Qom Formation is the most important hydrocarbon reservoir target in Central Iran. The Qom platform developed in a back‐arc basin during the Oligo–Miocene due to the closing of the Tethyan Seaway. This formation consists of a variety of carbonate and non‐carbonate facies deposited on a platform ranging from supratidal to basin. A combination of tectonic and eustatic events led to some lateral and vertical facies variations in the study area. Six third‐order depositional sequences and related surfaces were identified regarding vertical facies changes in the studied sections of this Oligo–Miocene succession. According to all results and data, this succession was initially deposited during the Chattian upon a distally steepened ramp of siliciclastic‐carbonate composition, including the Bouma sequence. Then, from the late Chattian to the Aquitanian, the platform changed into a homoclinal carbonate ramp with a gentle profile. With respect to tectonic activity, this phase was a calm period during the deposition of the Qom Formation. Finally, a drowned carbonate platform and a rimmed shelf emerged during the Burdigalian, terminated by the continental deposits of the Upper Red Formation. Regarding all geological characteristics, three main tectono‐eustatic evolutionary phases have been recognized in the Qom back‐arc basin.
Higher versus lower oxygenation targets in adult ICU patients: A rapid practice guideline
Authors: Møller Morten Hylander , Granholm Anders , Al Duhailib Zainab , Alhazzani Waleed , Belley‐Cote Emilie , Oczkowski Simon , Vijayaraghavan Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi , Sjövall Fredrik , Butler Ethan , Zampieri Fernando G. , Mac Sweeney Rob , Derde Lennie P. G. , Ruzycki‐Chadwick Ally , Mer Mervyn , Burns Karen E. A. , Ergan Begüm , Al‐Fares Abdulrahman , Sjoding Michael W. , Valley Thomas S. , Rasmussen Bodil S. , Schjørring Olav L. , Prescott Hallie C.
Published: December 2023

The aim of this Intensive Care Medicine Rapid Practice Guideline (ICM‐RPG) was to provide evidence‐based clinical guidance about the use of higher versus lower oxygenation targets for adult patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). The guideline panel comprised 27 international panelists, including content experts, ICU clinicians, methodologists, and patient representatives. We adhered to the methodology for trustworthy clinical practice guidelines, including the use of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach to assess the certainty of evidence, and used the Evidence‐to‐Decision framework to generate recommendations. A recently published updated systematic review and meta‐analysis constituted the evidence base. Through teleconferences and web‐based discussions, the panel provided input on the balance and magnitude of the desirable and undesirable effects, the certainty of evidence, patients' values and preferences, costs and resources, equity, feasibility, acceptability, and research priorities. The updated systematic review and meta‐analysis included data from 17 randomized clinical trials with 10,248 participants. There was little to no difference between the use of higher versus lower oxygenation targets for all outcomes with available data, including all‐cause mortality, serious adverse events, stroke, functional outcomes, cognition, and health‐related quality of life (very low certainty of evidence). The panel felt that values and preferences, costs and resources, and equity favored the use of lower oxygenation targets. The ICM‐RPG panel issued one conditional recommendation against the use of higher oxygenation targets: “We suggest against the routine use of higher oxygenation targets in adult ICU patients (conditional recommendation, very low certainty of evidence). Remark: an oxygenation target of SpO2 88%–92% or PaO2 8 kPa/60 mmHg is relevant and safe for most adult ICU patients.”
Jacquet erosive dermatitis associated with commercial barrier cream
Authors: Coelho Minja , Tan Jean‐Marie , Ling Natalie
Published: December 2023

Jacquet erosive dermatitis (JED) is a rare, severe form of napkin dermatitis associated with friction and irritant exposure in the napkin area. The condition typically causes erosions and erythematous punched‐out ulcerations. We present two cases of JED in infants associated with the use of a common brand barrier cream Curash. This appeared to present following a change of several active ingredients.
Investigation of statistical methods used in prognostic prediction models for obstetric care: A 10 year‐span cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tan Jing , Liu Chunrong , Yang Min , Xiong Yiquan , Huang Shiyao , Qi Yana , Chen Meng , Thabane Lehana , Liu Xinghui , He Lin , Sun Xin
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Obstetric care is a highly active area in the development and application of prognostic prediction models. The development and validation of these models often require the utilization of advanced statistical techniques. However, failure to adhere to rigorous methodological standards could greatly undermine the reliability and trustworthiness of the resultant models. Consequently, the aim of our study was to examine the current statistical practices employed in obstetric care and offer recommendations to enhance the utilization of statistical methods in the development of prognostic prediction models.

Material and methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional survey using a sample of studies developing or validating prognostic prediction models for obstetric care published in a 10‐year span (2011–2020). A structured questionnaire was developed to investigate the statistical issues in five domains, including model derivation (predictor selection and algorithm development), model validation (internal and external), model performance, model presentation, and risk threshold setting. On the ground of survey results and existing guidelines, a list of recommendations for statistical methods in prognostic models was developed.

Results

A total of 112 eligible studies were included, with 107 reporting model development and five exclusively reporting external validation. During model development, 58.9% of the studies did not include any form of validation. Of these, 46.4% used stepwise regression in a crude manner for predictor selection, while two‐thirds made decisions on retaining or dropping candidate predictors solely based on p‐values. Additionally, 26.2% transformed continuous predictors into categorical variables, and 80.4% did not consider nonlinear relationships between predictors and outcomes. Surprisingly, 94.4% of the studies did not examine the correlation between predictors. Moreover, 47.1% of the studies did not compare population characteristics between the development and external validation datasets, and only one‐fifth evaluated both discrimination and calibration. Furthermore, 53.6% of the studies did not clearly present the model, and less than half established a risk threshold to define risk categories. In light of these findings, 10 recommendations were formulated to promote the appropriate use of statistical methods.

Conclusions

The use of statistical methods is not yet optimal. Ten recommendations were offered to assist the statistical methods of prognostic prediction models in obstetric care.
Assessment of conjunctival, episcleral and scleral thickness in healthy individuals using anterior segment optical coherence tomography
Authors: Teeuw G. J. , Vergouwen D. P. C. , Ramdas W. D. , Sanchez‐Brea L. , Andrade De Jesus D. , Rothova A. , Vingerling J. R. , Ten Berge J. C.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To determine the thickness of the conjunctiva, episclera and sclera in healthy individuals using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT).

Methods

We prospectively included 107 healthy individuals of different age groups (18–39 years, 40–54 years, 55–69 years and ≥70 years). For each eye, AS‐OCT scans of four quadrants (temporal, nasal, superior and inferior) were acquired. The thickness of the conjunctiva, episclera and sclera was measured for each scan. In addition, the axial length of both eyes was measured, and general characteristics, including smoking, allergies and contact lens use, were collected.

Results

The mean conjunctival thickness was significantly different between the nasal and superior quadrants (87 ± 30 μm vs. 77 ± 16 μm; p < 0.001), as well as the superior and inferior quadrants (77 ± 16 μm vs. 86 ± 19 μm; p = 0.001). The mean episcleral thickness was larger in the superior (174 ± 54 μm) and inferior (141 ± 43 μm) quadrants, compared to the nasal (83 ± 38 μm) and temporal quadrants (90 ± 44 μm). The mean scleral thickness of the inferior quadrant was the largest (596 ± 64 μm), followed by the nasal (567 ± 76 μm), temporal (516 ± 67 μm) and superior (467 ± 52 μm) quadrants (all p < 0.001). The averaged scleral thickness increased 0.96 μm per age year (0.41–1.47 μm, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study provides an assessment of the thickness of scleral and adjacent superficial layers in healthy individuals determined on AS‐OCT, which could enable future research into the use of AS‐OCT in diseases affecting the anterior eye wall.
Stakeholder engagement disclosures in sustainability reports: Evidence from Italian food companies
Authors: Galeotti Rubina Michela , Camilleri Mark Anthony , Roberto Fabiana , Sepe Fabiana
Published: December 2023

More businesses are embedding stakeholder engagement (SE) practices in their corporate disclosures. This article explores the extent to which SE practices are featured in the sustainability reports (SRs) of 48 Italian food and beverage businesses, following the latest Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards. The researchers analyze the content of their SRs dated 2020 and 2021. They utilize a panel regression technique to examine the relationship between stakeholder engagement disclosures (SED) and corporate financial performance (CFP), and to investigate the mediating role of SR assurance. The results show a positive and significant relationship between SED and CFP. They also confirm that there is a moderating effect from SR assurance on this causal path. However, the findings reveal that SED in SRs of Italian food companies is still moderate. This contribution builds on the logic behind the stakeholder theory. It implies that there is scope for food companies to forge relationships with stakeholders. It indicates that it is in their interest to disclose material information about their SE practices in their SR and to organize third party assurance assessments in order to improve their legitimacy with stakeholders.
How does drawing influence the effectiveness of oral self‐explanation versus instructional explanation in video learning?
Authors: Zhang Yi , Liu Caixia , Xing Yana , Pi Zhongling , Yang Jiumin
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the effects of two types of oral explanations (ie, self‐explanation vs. instructional explanation) and drawing activity (no drawing vs. drawing) on video learning outcomes. These outcomes were measured by visual attention to the video (indexed by fixation time on text and diagram areas), explanation quality (indexed by personal references, concepts, and elaborations), drawing quality, behaviour patterns and overall learning performance gain. A total of 116 undergraduate and graduate students watched a 4‐min video on the human body's respiratory system. They were randomly assigned to one of four conditions (explanation generation: self‐explanation vs. instructional explanation × drawing activity: no drawing vs. drawing). Results indicated that without a drawing requirement, students in the self‐explanation condition displayed fewer personal references and exhibited a lower learning performance gain than those in the instructional explanation condition. Conversely, when drawing was required, self‐explanation students demonstrated higher drawing quality and better learning performance gain. Additionally, students in the drawing condition directed more attention to the diagram area than those in the no drawing condition. These findings suggest that in video learning (1) educators should encourage students to produce oral instructional explanations and (2) if the goal is for students to generate self‐explanations, they should also be prompted to draw to bolster their self‐explanation efforts.
Comparing the cognitive performance of action video game players and age‐matched controls following a cognitively fatiguing task: A stage 2 registered report
Authors: Campbell Mark J. , Cregan Sarah C. , Joyce John M. , Kowal Magdalena , Toth Adam J.
Published: December 2023

Recent work demonstrates that those who regularly play action video games (AVGs) consistently outperform non‐gamer (NG) controls on tests of various cognitive abilities. AVGs place high demands on several cognitive functions and are often engaged with for long periods of time (e.g., over 2 h), predisposing players to experiencing cognitive fatigue. The detrimental effects of cognitive fatigue have been widely studied in various contexts where accurate performance is crucial, including aviation, military, and sport. Even though AVG players may be prone to experiencing cognitive fatigue, this topic has received little research attention to date. In this study, we compared the effect of a cognitively fatiguing task on the subsequent cognitive performance of action video game players and NG control participants. Our results indicated AVGs showed superior spatial working memory and complex attention abilities while showing no difference from NGs on simple attention performance. Additionally, we found that our cognitive fatigue and control interventions did not differentially affect the cognitive performance of AVGs and NGs in this study. This pre‐registered study provides evidence that AVGs show superior cognitive abilities in comparison to a non‐gaming population, but do not appear more resilient to cognitive fatigue.
Satisfied on our own, yet ready to leave together: An actor–partner interdependence mediation model on job satisfaction and turnover intentions in leader–follower dyads
Authors: Caniëls Marjolein C. J. , Curseu Petru L.
Published: December 2023

Drawing on conservation of resources theory and job embeddedness, this study aims to investigate crossovers of positivity and negativiy between leaders and their followers with respect to work‐related variables (i.e. work engagement, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction and turnover intentions). Two waves of multisource data were collected from 244 leader–follower dyads. An actor–partner interdependence model extended to mediation (APIMeM) was used to test two mediation models and examine crossovers between leaders and their followers. Findings show that negative events are positively associated with emotional exhaustion of leaders (followers), which in turn is positively associated with leaders' (followers') own turnover intention as well as that of their followers (leaders). Positive events are positively associated with work engagement of leaders, which in turn is positively associated with leaders' own job satisfaction, but not with the job satisfaction of their followers. In other words, negative events have cross‐over effects, while positive events do not. In essence, we found evidence of a crossovered negativity bias. This study is unique in using a dyadic approach to analyse leader–follower crossovers with respect to job satisfaction and turnover intention. This study reveals the mediating and cross‐over effects of work engagement and emotional exhaustion on the links between positive (negative) events and work outcomes.
Clinical use of digital applications for diagnostic and treatment planning in prosthodontics: A scoping review
Authors: Joda Tim , Balmer Marc , Jung Ronald E. , Ioannidis Alexis
Published: December 2023

Aim

This scoping review aimed to compile and evaluate clinical trials investigating digital applications in prosthetic diagnostics and treatment planning by assessing their clinical relevance and future potential.

Methods

Following the PCC‐framework for scoping reviews and combining the source of analysis (Population/P: “prosthodontics”), the technique of interest (Concept/C: “digital application”) and the field of interest (Context/C: “diagnostics”), a three‐pronged search strategy was applied in the database PubMed and Web of Science. Clinical trials (≥10 study participants, English/German) were considered until 2023‐03‐09. Reporting adhered to the PRISMA‐ScR statement.

Results

The search identified 520 titles, of which 18 full‐texts met the inclusion criteria for data extraction. The trials involved a total of 14,457 study participants and were mapped for prosthetic subdisciplines: fixed (n = 9; 50%) and removable (n = 4; 22%) prosthodontics, reconstructive dentistry in general (n = 3; 17%), and temporo‐mandibular joint disorders (n = 2; 11%). Data merging of medical format files, as DICOM+STL, was the dominant digital application (n = 7; 39%); and virtual treatment simulation using digital smile design or digital wax‐up represented the most frequent prosthetic diagnostics (n = 6; 33%).

Conclusion

This scoping review identified a relatively low number of clinical trials. The future potential of digital diagnostics appears to be mostly related to the subdiscipline of fixed prosthodontics, especially regarding virtual treatment simulation for communication with the patient and among dental professionals. Artificial intelligence emerged as a key technology in many of the identified studies. Further research in this area is needed to explore the capabilities of digital technologies in prosthetic diagnostics and treatment planning.
The relationship between sleep quantity, sleep quality and weight loss in adults: A scoping review
Authors: Knowlden Adam P. , Ottati Megan , McCallum Meaghan , Allegrante John P.
Published: December 2023

Sleep is hypothesized to interact with weight gain and loss; however, modelling this relationship remains elusive. Poor sleep perpetuates a cascade of cardiovascular and metabolic consequences that may not only increase risk of adiposity, but also confound weight loss efforts. We conducted a scoping review to assess the research on sleep and weight loss interventions. We searched six databases for studies of behavioural weight loss interventions that included assessments of sleep in the general, non‐clinical adult human population. Our synthesis focused on dimensions of Population, Intervention, Control, and Outcomes (PICO) to identify research and knowledge gaps. We identified 35 studies that fell into one of four categories: (a) sleep at baseline as a predictor of subsequent weight loss during an intervention, (b) sleep assessments after a history of successful weight loss, (c) concomitant changes in sleep associated with weight loss and (d) experimental manipulation of sleep and resulting weight loss. There was some evidence of improvements in sleep in response to weight‐loss interventions; however, randomized controlled trials of weight loss interventions tended not to report improvements in sleep when compared to controls. We conclude that baseline sleep characteristics may predict weight loss in studies of dietary interventions and that sleep does not improve because of weight loss alone. Future studies should enrol large and diverse, normal, overweight and obese short sleepers in trials to assess the efficacy of sleep as a behavioural weight loss treatment.
Impact of CYP2D6 and CYP2B6 phenotypes on the response to tramadol in patients with acute post‐surgical pain
Authors: Casajús Ana , Zubiaur Pablo , Alday Enrique , Soria‐Chacartegui Paula , Saiz‐Rodríguez Miriam , Gutierrez Lara , Aragonés Catalina , Campodónico Diana , Gómez‐Fernández Antía , Navares‐Gómez Marcos , Villapalos‐García Gonzalo , Mejía‐Abril Gina , Ochoa Dolores , Abad‐Santos Francisco
Published: December 2023

Tramadol is an important minor opioid prescribed for pain management. In this study, we analyzed the well‐known impact of CYP2D6 genetic variation and 60 additional variants in eight candidate genes (i.e., ABCG2, SLCO1B1, CYP2D6, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP3A5, and CYP3A4) on tramadol efficacy and safety. Some 108 patients with pain after surgery admitted to a post‐anesthesia care unit (PACU) and prescribed tramadol were recruited. They were genotyped, and tramadol M1/M2 metabolite concentrations were determined by a newly validated HPLC‐MS/MS method. CYP2D6 intermediate (IM) and poor (PM) metabolizers showed lower M1 concentrations adjusted for dose/weight at 30 and 120 min compared to ultrarapid (UM) and normal (NM) metabolizers (univariate p < 0.001 and 0.020, multivariate p < 0.001 and 0.001, unstandardized β coefficients = 0.386 and 0.346, R2 = 0.146 and 0.120, respectively). CYP2B6 PMs (n = 10) were significantly related to a higher reduction in pain 30 min after tramadol intake (univariate p = 0.038, multivariate p = 0.016, unstandardized β coefficient = 0.224, R2 = 0.178), to lower PACU admission time (p = 0.007), and to lower incidence of adverse drug reactions (p = 0.038) compared to the other phenotypes. CYP3A4 IMs and PMs showed a higher prevalence of drowsiness and dizziness (p = 0.028 and 0.005, respectively). Our results suggest that the interaction of CYP2B6 and CYP2D6 phenotypes may be clinically relevant, pending validation of these results in large, independent cohorts. Additional research is required to clarify the impact of CYP3A4 genetic variation on tramadol response.
Giant cell collagenoma in a patient with Cowden syndrome: A rare case report and literature review with a focus on the spectrum of sclerotic fibroma and giant cell collagenoma
Authors: Caligayahan Marian , Wolpowitz Deon , Brem Candice E.
Published: December 2023

Sclerotic fibroma (SF) is a rare subset of dermal fibromas that occurs sporadically or in association with Cowden syndrome (CS). We report a case of a patient with known CS and a solitary lesion on the scalp. Histologic examination demonstrated a well‐circumscribed lesion with sclerotic dermis and a whorled collagen pattern, multinucleated giant cells, and dendritic spindle cells. Nuclear atypia or mitotic figures were not noted. The giant cells were negative for Melan‐A, SOX‐10, EMA, SOX‐10, and factor XIIIa. These findings are consistent with a giant cell collagenoma (GCC). Despite possible overlap with SF, GCC has not been associated with CS. This makes our case unique and suggests that GCC should be included in the spectrum of CS‐associated cutaneous lesions. The diagnosis of SF may lead to the identification of previously undiagnosed CS; accordingly, GCC, even when present as a solitary lesion, may indicate the need for further work‐up and screening for CS.
Uncomfortable staring? Gaze to other people in social situations is inhibited in both infants and adults
Authors: Kulke Louisa , Ertugrul Sahura , Reyentanz Emely , Thomas Vanessa
Published: December 2023

People attract infants’ and adults’ gaze when presented on a computer screen. However, in live social situations, adults inhibit their gaze at strangers to avoid sending inappropriate social signals. Such inhibition of gaze has never been directly investigated in infants. The current preregistered study measured gaze and neural responses (EEG alpha power) to a confederate in a live social situation compared to a video of this confederate. Adults looked less at the live confederate than at the video of the confederate, although their neural responses suggest that they were overall equally attentive in both situations. Infants also looked less at the live confederate than at the video of the confederate, with similar neural response patterns. The gaze difference between live social and video situations increased with age. The study shows that young infants are already sensitive to social context and show decreased gaze to strangers in social situations.

Research Highlights

This study shows that infants and adults look more at a video of a stranger than at a stranger that is present live in a social situation.

Neural responses suggest that adults are equally attentive in both live and video situations but inhibit their gaze at the stranger in live social situations.

Infants show a similar pattern of shorter gaze at a stranger who is present in person than at a video of this stranger.

The study shows that gaze in infants and adults may diverge from cognitive processes measured through EEG, highlighting the importance of combining behavioural and neural measures in natural interactions.
Moorea lagoon fishers’ mental maps: An exploratory analysis of Polynesian spatial knowledge
Authors: Quesnot Teriitutea , Schmitter Émilie , Wencélius Jean , Bambridge Tamatoa
Published: December 2023

This empirical study builds upon prior research concerning cultural influences on spatial mental representations in Oceania. A comprehensive examination of 93 mental maps sourced from 59 lagoon fishers of Moorea (French Polynesia) reveals interesting facts about the way they organize and share their spatial knowledge. Firstly, consistent with previous studies across Oceania, Polynesian fishers exhibit a preference for the allocentric perspective when representing their environment. Secondly, they generally rely on marine landmarks for navigation, with a particular emphasis on four entities: the reef barrier, maritime beacons, coral outcrops, and a key chromatic marker — Moana (blue in Tahitian) — indicating the depth of the lagoon. Finally, the factor analysis we conducted highlights two significant facts: (1) a geographical self‐censorship, demonstrated by the low presence or even the absence of landmarks useful for locating their fishing spots; (2) a continuum between the surface and the depths of the lagoon, showing that surface fishers (line, net, troll, etc.) have a proven knowledge of seabed topography, whereas underwater speargun fishers also rely on landmarks located above the water.