bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Bedside Tool to Predict the Diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy in Term-Born Neonates
Authors: Rouabhi Amira , Husein Nafisa , Dewey Deborah , Letourneau Nicole , Daboval Thierry , Oskoui Maryam , Kirton Adam , Shevell Michael , Dunbar Mary J. ,   Canadian Cerebral Palsy Registry, Anderson John , Buckley David , Fehlings Darcy , Burkholder Lee , Koclas Louise , Pigeon Nicole , Van Rensburg Esias , Sheriko Jordan , Wood Ellen
Published: January 2023

Importance

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common abnormality of motor development and causes lifelong impairment. Early diagnosis and therapy can improve outcomes, but early identification of infants at risk remains challenging.

Objective

To develop a CP prognostic tool that can be applied to all term neonates to identify those at increased risk of developing CP.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This case-control study used data from the Canadian Cerebral Palsy Registry (data collected from January 2003 to December 2019) for children with CP and the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition study (mothers enrolled from May 2009 to September 2012; data extracted in 2020) for controls. There were 2771 children with CP and 2131 controls evaluated; 941 and 144, respectively, were removed for gestational age less than 37 weeks at birth, 565 with CP removed for incomplete data, and 2 controls removed for a diagnosis of CP. Data were analyzed from April to August 2022.

Exposures

Potential risk factors were selected a priori based on the literature, including maternal, intrapartum, and infant characteristics.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Diagnosis of CP, defined as a disorder of motor function due to a nonprogressive brain abnormality before age 1 year and classified by Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I to V.

Results

Of 3250 included individuals, 1752 (53.9%) were male, and the median (IQR) gestational age at birth was 39 (38-40) weeks. Encephalopathy was present in 335 of 1184 infants with CP (28%) and 0 controls. The final prediction model included 12 variables and correctly classified 75% of infants, with a sensitivity of 56% (95% CI, 52-60) and specificity of 82% (95% CI, 81-84). The C statistic was 0.74 (95% CI, 71-76). Risk factors were found to be additive. A proposed threshold for screening is probability greater than 0.3, with a sensitivity of 65% (95% CI, 61-68) and specificity of 71% (95% CI, 69-73). The prognostic tool identified 2.4-fold more children with CP than would have presented with encephalopathy (odds ratio, 13.8; 95% CI, 8.87-22.65; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this case-control study, a prognostic model using 12 clinical variables improved the prediction of CP compared with clinical presentation with encephalopathy. This tool can be applied to all term newborns to help select infants for closer surveillance or further diagnostic tests, which could improve outcomes through early intervention.
Roles of methionine and cysteine residues of the Escherichia coli sensor kinase HprS in reactive chlorine species sensing
Authors: Yamaji Kotaro , Taniguchi Rumine , Urano Hiroyuki , Ogasawara Hiroshi
Published: January 2023

Sensor histidine kinase HprS, an oxidative stress sensor of Escherichia coli, senses reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive chlorine species (RCS), and is involved in the induction of oxidatively damaged protein repair periplasmic enzymes. We reinvestigated the roles of six methionine and four cysteine residues of HprS in the response to HClO, an RCS. The results of site‐directed mutagenesis revealed that methionine residues in periplasmic and cytoplasmic regions (Met225) are involved in HprS activation. Interestingly, the Cys165Ser substitution reduced HprS activity, which was recovered by an additional Glu22Cys substitution. Our results demonstrate that the position of the inner membrane cysteine residues influences the extent of HprS activation in HClO sensing.
In‐Memory‐Computed Low‐Frequency Noise Spectroscopy for Selective Gas Detection Using a Reducible Metal Oxide
Authors: Shin Wonjun , Kim Jaehyeon , Jung Gyuweon , Ju Suyeon , Park Sung‐Ho , Jeong Yujeong , Hong Seongbin , Koo Ryun‐Han , Yang Yeongheon , Kim Jae‐Joon , Han Seungwu , Lee Jong‐Ho
Published: January 2023

Concerns about indoor and outdoor air quality, industrial gas leaks, and medical diagnostics are driving the demand for high‐performance gas sensors. Owing to their structural variety and large surface area, reducible metal oxides hold great promise for constructing a gas‐sensing system. While many earlier reports have successfully obtained a sufficient response to various types of target gases, the selective detection of target gases remains challenging. In this work, a novel method, low‐frequency noise (LFN) spectroscopy is presented, to achieve selective detection using a single FET‐type gas sensor. The LFN of the sensor is accurately modeled by considering the charge fluctuation in both the sensing material and the FET channel. Exposure to different target gases produces distinct corner frequencies of the power spectral density that can be used to achieve selective detection. In addition, a 3D vertical‐NAND flash array is used with the fast Fourier transform method via in‐memory‐computing, significantly improving the area and power efficiency rate. The proposed system provides a novel and efficient method capable of selectively detecting a target gas using in‐memory‐computed LFN spectroscopy and thus paving the way for the further development in gas sensing systems.
Large‐Area Perovskite Film Prepared by New FFASE Method for Stable Solar Modules Having High Efficiency under Both Outdoor and Indoor Light Harvesting
Authors: Chiang Chien‐Hung , Wu Chun‐Guey
Published: January 2023

High‐quality perovskite film is deposited on a 30 cm × 40 cm LiCoO2‐coated ITO/glass via newly developed freely falling anti‐solvent extraction (FFASE) method followed by post watervapor annealing in an ambient atmosphere. Perovskite solar modules (PSMs, active area of 25.2 cm2 with mask) based on this high‐quality film achieve the highest efficiency of 16.04 and 30.76% under 1 sun (100 mW cm−2) and 945 lux fluorescent light illumination, respectively. The encapsulated PSMs are stable at −20 to 80 °C thermal cycling and keep high efficiency at temperature as low as −20 °C and as high as 80 °C. When the encapsulated PSM is heated at 85 °C and 85% relative humidity under room lighting or heated at 60 °C under AM1.5 (100 mW cm−2) illumination for 1000 h, loses only ≈8% of its original efficiency. The high stability of PSMs is due to very high quality perovskite absorber being used. The underlying concept of the FFASE method for extracting the solvent from the large‐area perovskite precursor film is that the whole precursor film contacts with the fresh anti‐solvent during the crystallization stage.
An Upper Bound Visualization of Design Trade‐Offs in Adsorbent Materials for Gas Separations: CO2, N2, CH4, H2, O2, Xe, Kr, and Ar Adsorbents
Authors: Edens Samuel J. , McGrath Michael J. , Guo Siyu , Du Zijuan , Zhou Hemin , Zhong Lingshan , Shi Zuhao , Wan Jieshuo , Bennett Thomas D. , Qiao Ang , Tao Haizheng , Li Neng , Cowan Matthew G.
Published: January 2023

The last 20 years have seen many publications investigating porous solids for gas adsorption and separation. The abundance of adsorbent materials (this work identifies 1608 materials for CO2/N2 separation alone) provides a challenge to obtaining a comprehensive view of the field, identifying leading design strategies, and selecting materials for process modeling. In 2021, the empirical bound visualization technique was applied, analogous to the Robeson upper bound from membrane science, to alkane/alkene adsorbents. These bound visualizations reveal that adsorbent materials are limited by design trade‐offs between capacity, selectivity, and heat of adsorption. The current work applies the bound visualization to adsorbents for a wider range of gas pairs, including CO2, N2, CH4, H2, Xe, O2, and Kr. How this visual tool can identify leading materials and place new material discoveries in the context of the wider field is presented. The most promising current strategies for breaking design trade‐offs are discussed, along with reproducibility of published adsorption literature, and the limitations of bound visualizations. It is hoped that this work inspires new materials that push the bounds of traditional trade‐offs while also considering practical aspects critical to the use of materials on an industrial scale such as cost, stability, and sustainability.
Porphyrins‐Assisted Cocatalyst Engineering with CoOV Bond in BiVO4 Photoanode for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Meng Linxing , Lv Zunyan , Xu Weiwei , Tian Wei , Li Liang
Published: January 2023

The application of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is limited by the sluggish surface oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics. OER kinetics can be effectively improved through cocatalyst engineering. However, the tardy transfer process and serious recombination of carriers are the key factors restricting the cocatalyst development. Taking BiVO4 as an example, a Co‐modified heme film rich in large conjugated ring structures is introduced onto the photoanode surface using a solvothermal method. This film functions as an efficient cocatalyst. It considerably reduces the surface overpotential, promotes the transfer of photogenerated holes, and boosts the kinetics of OER by specifically affecting the formation of OOH*. Simultaneously, the formed CoOV bonds induce strong interaction at the photoanode/cocatalyst interfaces, reducing the recombination of photogenerated carriers. Consequently, the onset potential of the optimized photoanode decreases from 0.45 to 0.07 V and the photocurrent density at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode boosts to 5.3 mA cm−2. This work demonstrates a facile strategy for designing cocatalysts to obtain rapid hole transfer capability and reduced carrier recombination for improved PEC performance.
Appraisal of culture‐based fisheries of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii, De Man, 1879) in reservoirs of Sri Lanka
Authors: Digamadulla Dayananda Senathera , Asoka Jayasinghe M. , Jones Clive , Jayasinghe‐Mudalige Udith K. , Wijenayake W. M. H. Kelum , Amarasinghe Upali S. , de Croos M. D. S. T.
Published: January 2023

The introduction of high economic value species like giant freshwater prawn (GFWP) makes culture‐based fisheries (CBF) a substantial source of income and simultaneously supports the livelihood development of rural fishers in Sri Lanka. However, this CBF strategy has been implemented without any scientific basis, and therefore, this paper evaluated the stocking and production data of GFWP in Sri Lankan reservoirs from 2011 to 2017 to identify interventions for achieving future sustainability. We used two distinct approaches to appraise the CBF strategies practised so far and decrypt the identified shortcomings in the initiatives. The first approach was a straight‐head univariate generalized additive model (GAM) analysis of stocking density (SD), production (PRD), recapture efficiency (RCE) and reservoir surface area (A). The latter approach was a hybrid PCoA‐GAM for detained data mining for a better management perspective. The relationships among SD, PRD RCE and A were significant and, stochastic PRD and RCE were reasoned by the biased stocking practices identified in the GAM analysis. The hybrid PCoA‐GAM is seemingly robust in predicting and explaining the deviances of PRD and RCE of GFWP CBF. Results indicated that the present practices of CBF of GFWP in Sri Lankan reservoirs suffer several weaknesses, overstocking in minor and understocking in both medium and major reservoirs are primarily under consideration, which includes inter alia, the need for effective tools for identification of suitable reservoirs, the inefficient harvesting practices, non‐optimal SDs coupled with the possible vulnerability of stocked postlarvae to high mortalities. According to the study, we prefer to set the optimum SD as 1500 PLs ha−1 to all reservoirs. A comprehensive study has been launched for the enhancement of CBF of GFWP in Sri Lankan reservoirs.
A trait‐based approach to determining principles of plant biogeography
Authors: Vasconcelos Thais
Published: January 2023

Lineage‐specific traits determine how plants interact with their surrounding environment. Unrelated species may evolve similar phenotypic characteristics to tolerate, persist in, and invade environments with certain characteristics, resulting in some traits becoming relatively more common in certain types of habitats. Analyses of these general patterns of geographical trait distribution have led to the proposal of general principles to explain how plants diversify in space over time. Trait–environment correlation analyses quantify to what extent unrelated lineages have similar evolutionary responses to a given type of habitat. In this synthesis, I give a short historical overview on trait–environment correlation analyses, from some key observations from classic naturalists to modern approaches using trait evolution models, large phylogenies, and massive data sets of traits and distributions. I discuss some limitations of modern approaches, including the need for more realistic models, the lack of data from tropical areas, and the necessary focus on trait scoring that goes beyond macromorphology. Overcoming these limitations will allow the field to explore new questions related to trait lability and niche evolution and to better identify generalities and exceptions in how plants diversify in space over time.
Initial non‐amnestic symptoms relate to faster rate of functional and cognitive decline compared to amnestic symptoms in neuropathologically confirmed dementias
Authors: Pillai Jagan A , Bena James , Maly Emily F , Leverenz James B
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The relationship between initial cognitive symptoms and subsequent rate of clinical decline is important in clinical care and the design of dementia clinical trials.

Methods

This retrospective longitudinal, autopsy‐confirmed, cohort study among 2426 participants in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center database included Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, n = 1187; Lewy body pathology (LBP), n = 331; and mixed pathology (AD‐LBP), n = 904. The predominant initial cognitive symptom was assessed clinically. Linear mixed models evaluated the longitudinal outcome of the Clinical Dementia Rating‐Sum of Boxes (CDR‐SB) score.

Results

Non‐amnestic initial symptoms had a faster rate of decline than amnestic symptoms in all three groups. Language symptoms had a faster rate of decline in all three groups. Executive symptoms had a faster rate of decline than amnestic in AD and AD‐LBP. There was a similar trend for visuospatial symptoms in AD‐LBP.

Discussion

Initial cognitive symptoms, despite varied underlying pathology, are a predictor of longitudinal functional outcomes among dementias.

Highlights

Initial non‐amnestic symptoms had a faster rate of longitudinal cognitive and functional decline on the Clinical Dementia Rating‐Sum of Boxes (CDR‐SB) scores than amnestic symptoms among Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body pathology, and mixed neuropathology.

Given the relative size of CDR‐SB changes in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials, clarifying the nature of initial symptoms could be an important variable in ensuring appropriately designed clinical trials.
A new method for preparing a rat intracerebral hemorrhage model by combining focused ultrasound and microbubbles
Authors: He Yao , Yang Jie , Hu Fengying , Liao Min , Nie Yuru , Zhu Xiaoxia , Zhang Tao , Song Keer , Li Qinxi , Li Xiaojie , Mei Chenghan , Wu Zhe , Lu Qiang , Zhong Zhihui
Published: January 2023

Background

We aimed to prepare a non‐invasive, reproducible, and controllable rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage with focused ultrasound (FUS).

Methods

A rat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model was established by combining FUS and microbubbles (μBs), and edaravone was used to verify whether the free radical scavenger had a protective effect on the model. The brain tissue of each group was sectioned to observe the gross histology, blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, cerebral infarction volume, and histopathological changes.

Results

Compared with the FUS group, the BBB permeability was significantly increased in the FUS + μBs (F&B) group (p = 0.0021). The second coronal slice in the F&B group had an obvious hemorrhage lesion, and the FUS + μBs + edaravone (F&B&E) group had smaller hemorrhage areas; however, ICH did not occur in the FUS group. The cerebral infarction volume in the F&B group was significantly larger than that in the FUS group (p = 0.0030) and F&B&E group (p = 0.0208). HE staining results showed that nerve fibrinolysis, neuronal necrosis, microglia production, and erythrocytes were found in both the F&B group and the F&B&E group, but the areas of the nerve fibrinolysis and neuronal necrosis in the F&B group were larger than the F&B&E group.

Conclusions

A rat ICH model was successfully prepared using the μBs assisted FUS treatment, and edaravone had a therapeutic effect on this model. This model can be used to study the pathophysiological mechanism of ICH‐related diseases and in preclinical research on related new drugs.
Basal Ganglia Atrophy as a Marker for Prodromal X‐Linked Dystonia‐Parkinsonism
Authors: Hanssen Henrike , Diesta Cid C. E. , Heldmann Marcus , Dy Jackson , Tantianpact Jeffrey , Steinhardt Julia , Sauza Rosanna , Manalo Hans T. S. , Sprenger Andreas , Reyes Charles Jourdan , Tuazon Raphael , Laabs Björn‐Hergen , Domingo Aloysius , Rosales Raymond L. , Klein Christine , Münte Thomas F. , Westenberger Ana , Oropilla Jean Q. , Brüggemann Norbert
Published: January 2023

In neurodegenerative diseases, the characterization of the prodromal phase is essential for the future application of disease‐modifying therapies. X‐linked dystonia‐parkinsonism is a hereditary neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by severe adult‐onset dystonia accompanied by parkinsonism. Distinct striatal and pallidal atrophy is present already in early disease stages indicating a long‐lasting presymptomatic degenerative process. To gain insight into the prodromal phase of X‐linked dystonia‐parkinsonism, structural and iron‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 10 non‐manifesting carriers and 24 healthy controls in a double‐blind fashion. Seventeen patients with X‐linked dystonia‐parkinsonism were recruited to replicate previous findings of basal ganglia pathology and iron accumulation. Age at onset was estimated in non‐manifesting carriers and patients using the repeat length of the hexanucleotide expansion and 3 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms associated with age at onset. Voxel‐based morphometry and subcortical volumetry showed striatal and pallidal atrophy in non‐manifesting carriers (~10%) and patients (~40%). Substantia nigra volume was similarly reduced in patients (~40%). Caudate volume correlated with time to estimated onset in non‐manifesting carriers. Susceptibility‐weighted imaging confirmed iron deposition in the anteromedial putamen in patients. Non‐manifesting carriers also showed small clusters of iron accumulation in the same area after lowering the statistical threshold. In conclusion, basal ganglia atrophy and iron accumulation precede the clinical onset of X‐linked dystonia‐parkinsonism and can be detected years before the estimated disease manifestation. It thereby highlights the potential of multimodal imaging to identify clinically unaffected mutation carriers with incipient neurodegeneration and to monitor disease progression independent of clinical measures. Longitudinal studies are needed to further elucidate the onset and progression rate of neurodegeneration in prodromal X‐linked dystonia‐parkinsonism. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:999–1011
Hydrogen Bonds Strengthened Metal‐Free Perovskite for Degradable X‐ray Detector with Enhanced Stability, Flexibility and Sensitivity
Authors: Li Zhizai , Peng Guoqiang , Li ZhenHua , Xu Youkui , Wang Tao , Wang Haoxu , Liu Zitong , Wang Gang , Ding Liming , Jin Zhiwen
Published: January 2023

Metal‐free perovskites (MFPs) with flexible and degradable properties have been adopted in flexible X‐ray detection. For now, figuring out the key factors between structure and device performance are critical to guide the design of MFPs. Herein, MPAZE‐NH4I3 ⋅ H2O was first designed and synthesized with improved structural stability and device performance. Through theoretical calculations, the introducing methyl group benefits modulating tolerance factor, increases dipole moment and strengthens hydrogen bonds. Meanwhile, H2O increases the hydrogen bond formation sites and synergistically realizes the band nature modulation, ionic migration inhibition and structural stiffness optimization. Spectra analysis also proves that the improved electron‐phonon coupling and carrier recombination lifetime contribute to enhanced performance. Finally, a flexible and degradable X‐ray detector was fabricated with the highest sensitivity of 740.8 μC Gyair−1 cm−2and low detection limit (0.14 nGyair s−1).
Highly Effective Hybrid Copper(I) Iodide Cluster Emitter with Negative Thermal Quenched Phosphorescence for X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Hu Qingsong , Zhang Chengkai , Wu Xian , Liang Guijie , Wang Lei , Niu Xiaowei , Wang Zhi , Si Wei‐Dan , Han Yibo , Huang Ruiqin , Xiao Jiawen , Sun Di
Published: January 2023

The low efficiency triplet emission of hybrid copper(I) iodide clusters is a critical obstacle to their further practical optoelectronic application. Herein, we present an efficient hybrid copper(I) iodide cluster emitter (DBA)4Cu4I4, where the cooperation of excited state structure reorganization and the metallophilicity interaction enables ultra‐bright triplet yellow‐orange emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield over 94.9 %, and the phonon‐assisted de‐trapping process of exciton induces the negative thermal quenching effect at 80–300 K. We also investigate the potential of this emitter for X‐ray imaging. The (DBA)4Cu4I4 wafer demonstrates a light yield higher than 104 photons MeV−1 and a high spatial resolution of ≈5.0 lp mm−1, showing great potential in practical X‐ray imaging applications. Our new copper(I) iodide cluster emitter can serve as a model for investigating the thermodynamic mechanism of photoluminescence in hybrid copper(I) halide phosphorescence materials.
Waterborne polymer modified with zeolite for environment‐friendly slow‐release coated urea
Authors: Han Yanyu , Chen Songling , Xie Boyu , Wang Yuqing , Fan Yiwei , Meng Qingying , Zou Hongtao , Zhang Yulong
Published: January 2023

In order to improve the slow‐release effectiveness of waterborne polymer coated fertilizers, an environment‐friendly coated urea was developed by zeolite and waterborne polymer of starch soluble, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and chitosan. The properties of different mesh and content of zeolite on the membranes and the slow‐release property of coated urea were investigated. Zeolite decreased water vapor, ammonium permeability and porosity of waterborne polymer with an increased ammonium adsorption, and contributed to improve the slow‐release effectiveness of coated urea. In particular, zeolite‐modified waterborne polymer of 200 mesh and 3% content had best effect with 10.8%, 16.5%, and 59.8% decrease of water absorption capacity, water vapor permeability and ammonium permeability, 17.7% increase of water contact angles. Zeolite‐modified waterborne polymer coated urea for the coating contents of 7% had the best effect on the nutrient accumulate release rate. Therefore, zeolite‐modified waterborne polymers have potential to improve the slow‐release effectiveness of coated urea.
Cavity pressure profile study during foam injection molding and its effect on cell formation of polypropylene/chemical blowing agent foam
Authors: Saini Arun , Yadav Chandravati , Lyu Min‐Young
Published: January 2023

In the current scenario, many automotive and aerospace industries have exaggerated replacement of most of the metal parts with polymers to achieve the pursuit of lightweight thereby to reduce fuel consumption and carbon emission. Foam injection molding (FIM) is among one of the cost‐effective approaches to produce lightweight polymer products. During FIM, stringent control over various processing parameters is crucial to ensure the precision and reliability of molded parts. This work aims toward the investigation of cavity pressure and its effect on microstructure or cell morphology in chemical blowing agent mixed polypropylene (PP) foams produced by FIM. In particular, effect of varying injection temperature, injection speed and plasticization parameters (screw rotation speed and back pressure) have been examined on the cavity pressure profiles and its conforming influence on cell nucleation and growth have been discussed acutely. The results of this study indicate that various process parameters significantly influence the trajectory of cavity pressure profile during FIM which in turn critically decides structural uniformity of foamed product.
Identifying imperilled fish species and potential causes of decline in the Himalaya biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Gillette David P. , Edds David R. , Jha Bibhuti R.
Published: January 2023

Despite the global nature of the aquatic biodiversity crisis, drivers of extirpation vary among regions, making local‐level data collection crucial for adaptive management in understudied regions like the Himalaya Biodiversity Hotspot (HBH). As human population growth, economic development and environment change accelerate across the HBH it is important to identify imperilled species and determine any ecological traits that predispose them to extirpation.

In the present study, Monte Carlo analysis was used to determine fish species with significant range reductions (‘significantly declining species’) from the 1980s to the 1990s, and from the 1990s to the 2010s, at 38 sites on Nepal’s Kaligandaki–Narayani River (KNR). Relative to a null model under which all species were equally likely to lose individuals between time periods, distributions of 16 of 83 species declined significantly across at least one of the two time periods, and two species, Hamilton’s baril (Opsarius bendelisis) and the trout barb (Raiamas bola), declined across both.

Mid‐water fishes native to both lowlands and hills were most likely to experience range reduction. International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List status was not representative of actual population trends, highlighting the critical role of local, long‐term data collection and management strategies for effective conservation.

Opsarius bendelisis and R. bola urgently need protection in the KNR to stem current population declines. Conservation efforts here should focus on speciose lower‐elevation sites, where many of the 14 other significantly declining species also occur. Overfishing is likely to have contributed to species declines, suggesting that the network of terrestrial protected areas already in place across the HBH can aid aquatic biodiversity conservation efforts owing to their status as fish sanctuaries. Rivers such as the KNR represent a unique opportunity to conserve an intact, albeit threatened, fish species, before human pressures lead to widespread extirpations of the type documented in many areas of the world.
Cationic Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyclohydroformylation of 1,6‐Enynes with Formaldehyde
Authors: Hayashi Erin , Akiyama Naoto , Kakiuchi Kiyomi , Kawai Tsuyoshi , Morimoto Tsumoru
Published: January 2023

We report a rhodium(I)‐catalyzed asymmetric cyclohydroformylation reaction of 1,6‐enynes with formaldehyde. The reaction of 1,6‐enynes with formaldehyde in the presence of a cationic Rh(I) catalyst, such as [Rh(cod)2]+OTf−, and a chiral biaryl diphosphine led to asymmetric cyclohydroformylation to produce aldehydes with higher‐order structures highly enantioselectively. This transformation procedure is applicable to a variety of enynes, with wide compatibility in various atoms liking between the alkyne and alkene parts, substituents at the alkyne terminus, and substituents at the alkene part, being converted to newly formed aldehydes in 14% to 90% yields with 50% to 98%ee. The products were further transformed with various nucleophiles to alcohols, an amine, and a diene without loss of chirality at their γ‐position.
The “Greenberg Controversy” and the Interdisciplinary Study of Global Linguistic Relationships**
Authors: Kaplan Judith R. H.
Published: January 2023

This paper examines the controversy that followed the 1987 publication of Joseph Greenberg's book, Language in the Americas, attending to the role of language and linguistic research within overlapping disciplinary traditions. With this text, Greenberg presented a macro‐level tripartite classification that opposed then dominant fine‐grained analyses recognizing anywhere from 150 to 200 distinct language families. His proposal was the subject of a landmark conference, examining strengths and weaknesses, the unpublished proceedings of which are presented here for the first time. For specialists in the anthropological and comparative‐historical study of Indigenous American languages, Greenberg's intervention highlighted the tension between language, conceived as an abstract object of study, and languages, understood to be carriers of specific cultural knowledge. For physical anthropologists and archaeologists, his theory was initially fortuitous on programmatic, substantive, and methodological grounds. The essay will show how interdisciplinary appeals were figured by supporters as a virtue, and by critics as a vice. The essay further highlights ethical reasons for integrating historical narratives of science and the humanities.
Synthesis and photophysical investigation of Schiff base as a Mg2+ and Zn2+ fluorescent chemosensor and its application
Authors: Mei Xin , Luo Wentao , Li Hui , Pu Shouzhi
Published: January 2023

In view of the fluorescent switching properties and anti‐fatigue properties of diarylethene, a diarylethene fluorescent chemosensor for the immediate detection of zinc ion (Zn2+) and magnesium ion (Mg2+) in acetonitrile was synthesized in this article. The structure of 1o was determined by performing spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The presence of Zn2+ or Mg2+ made the chemosensor 1o show an obvious “turn‐on” fluorescent signal (bright yellow‐green for Mg2+ and bright cyan for Zn2+). The fluorescent change caused by the 1:1 binding of 1o and Zn2+ or Mg2+ might be due to hindering the excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process, which were bolstered by Benesi–Hildebrand analysis, Job's plot curves, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) titration and mass spectrometry. The limits of detection were acquired from the standard curve plots for Mg2+ at 44.6 nM and for Zn2+ at 14 nM. Based on the fluorescent behaviors, a logic gate was constructed with the emission intensity at 528/518 nm as output signal, the ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) lights, Mg2+/Zn2+ and EDTA as input signals. Exogenous Zn2+ and Mg2+ fluorescent bioimaging were performed on Hela cells with 1o, indicating its potential application in biodiagnostic analysis. In particular, 1o was manufactured into test paper, and Zn2+ or Mg2+ can be conveniently, efficiently and qualitatively identified by the fluorescent color variation of the test strips.
Study on the interaction of two quinazoline derivatives as novel PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors and anticancer agents to human serum albumin utilizing spectroscopy and docking
Authors: Chen Jiangang , Bian Xiaoli , Zhang Sanqi , Yang Guangde
Published: January 2023

Interactions of human serum albumin (HSA) with two structurally similar quinazoline derivatives, S1 and S2, which are potential anticancer drugs acting on PI3K/mTOR targets, were investigated in vitro utilizing multiple spectroscopy as well as molecular docking. The fluorescence quenching study demonstrated that HSA fluorescence could be statically quenched by S1 and S2 through the formation of an HSA–drug complex. Furthermore, the details of the binding site number, binding constant, as well as the thermodynamic parameters, were estimated at 298, 303, and 310 K. The results revealed that hydrogen bond interactions, as well as van der Waals forces, were the predominant factors responsible for binding HSA to S1 or S2. Synchronous fluorescence and ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra suggested that S1 and S2 had little effect on the polarity of the microenvironment and conformation of HSA. Energy transfer from HSA to S1 or S2 most probably occurred. The docking study revealed that S1 and S2 were able to bind to the hydrophobic cavity that was located in the HSA subdomain IIA and formed varying numbers of hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues nearby. Due to the subtle difference in the chemical structure, the binding of S1 and S2 to HSA was slightly different.
Quantification of global orbital shape variation
Authors: Prevost Alice , Muller Samuel , Lauwers Frédéric , Heuzé Yann
Published: January 2023

The complex anatomy of the orbit generates a complex orbital shape that can only be quantified approximatively by classic linear measurements such as maximum width and height. There is no global three‐dimensional quantification of variations in orbital shape. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to quantify a global three‐dimensional orbital shape variation in a healthy population and to test a series of explanatory factors. We investigated the hypotheses that orbital shape is related to gender(H1), orbital size(H2) and/or age(H3). Medical computed tomography(CT) images of 60 adult individuals were studied. The study sample consisted of 30 males and 30 females with a mean age of 25.1 years. Four anatomical landmarks and 140 semi‐landmarks were measured on both positive and negative 3D reconstructed orbits and analyzed with geometric morphometrics. A principal component analysis(PCA) was computed to define a morphological space. Shape variation was visualized using vector distance maps and diagrams. The greatest variation was seen in the length of the superior orbital fissure. There was a gradient in terms of orbital shape ranging from short, wide orbits to tall, narrow orbits. The analysis did not highlight any significant age‐, gender‐ or size‐related impact in terms of orbital shape variation. Future avenues to explore include the study of other potential explanatory factors such as the different embryological origins of the orbital bones, the passage of vessels and nerves, and ethnic origins. This method can also be applied to the study of pathological orbits.
Long‐term outcomes of frontline intensification in primary CNS lymphoma: A real‐world single‐center experience
Authors: Wang Hao‐Yuan , Yang Ching‐Fen , Lin Chia‐Hsin , Hsiao Liang‐Tsai , Ko Po‐Shen , Liu Yao‐Chung , Chiou Tzeon‐Jye , Chen Po‐Min , Gau Jyh‐Pyng , Liu Jin‐Hwang , Liu Chia‐Jen
Published: January 2023

Background

Frontline intensification (including consolidative whole‐brain radiotherapy or high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem‐cell transplantation after induction therapy) has been proposed to treat primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). However, no prospective randomized trials have answered whether frontline intensification can offer a survival benefit to PCNSL patients. We aim to clarify the outcomes and survival influence of frontline intensification on real‐world patients with different risk‐stratified PCNSLs.

Methods

Between January 2003 and December 2016, 110 PCNSL adults were retrospectively included, and 76 patients achieved at least PR after induction therapy, including 38 patients who received frontline intensification. The median follow‐up with the 31 survivors was 7.52 years.

Results

Of the 38 induction‐completed patients who had not received frontline intensification, 95% achieved post–induction therapy CR/CRu; however, all inevitably recurred. In the 38 who received frontline intensification, CR/CRu improved from 45% (pre‐frontline intensification) to 84% (post‐frontline intensification), and they achieved significantly better PFS (non‐reach vs. 522 days, p < 0.001) and OS (non‐reach vs. 899 days, p < 0.001). Additionally, patients had similar PFS and OS rates when receiving HDC‐ASCT and/or WBRT as frontline intensification. Frontline intensification significantly improved PFS and OS survival in higher‐risk patients (intermediate/high IELSG risk, MSKCC group 2/3, or Nottingham/Barcelona score ≥ 2 points) but did not improve OS in lower‐risk patients. Among the 38 patients who received frontline intensification, two had treatment‐related mortality; 14 recurred after frontline intensification. MTX‐based chemotherapy was the main salvage modality, and the median OS was 295 days after recurrence. Progressive disease and infection (especially pneumonia) are two major causes of mortality in patients who receive frontline intensification.

Conclusions

When achieving CR/CRu/PR after induction chemotherapy, frontline intensification should be adopted to improve PFS and OS in real‐world PCNSL patients, especially higher‐risk patients.
Evaluation of changes to work patterns in multidisciplinary cancer team meetings due to the COVID‐19 pandemic: A national mixed‐method survey study
Authors: Soukup Tayana , Winters David , Chua Kia‐Chong , Rowland Philip , Moneke Jacqueline , Skolarus Ted A. , Bharathan Rasiah , Harling Leanne , Bali Anish , Asher Viren , Gandamihardja Tasha , Sevdalis Nick , Green James S. A. , Lamb Benjamin W.
Published: January 2023

Background

It is not well understood the overall changes that multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) have had to make in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, nor the impact that such changes, in addition to the other challenges faced by MDTs, have had on decision‐making, communication, or participation in the context of MDT meetings specifically.

Methods

This was a mixed method, prospective cross‐sectional survey study taking place in the United Kingdom between September 2020 and August 2021.

Results

The participants were 423 MDT members. Qualitative findings revealed hybrid working and possibility of virtual attendance as the change introduced because of COVID‐19 that MDTs would like to maintain. However, IT‐related issues, slower meetings, longer lists and delays were identified as common with improving of the IT infrastructure necessary going forward. In contrast, virtual meetings and increased attendance/availability of clinicians were highlighted as the positive outcomes resulting from the change. Quantitative findings showed significant improvement from before COVID‐19 for MDT meeting organisation and logistics (M = 45, SD = 20) compared to the access (M = 50, SD = 12, t(390) = 5.028, p = 0.001), case discussions (M = 50, SD = 14, t(373) = −5.104, p = 0.001), and patient representation (M = 50, SD = 12, t(382) = −4.537, p = 0.001) at MDT meetings.

Discussion

Our study explored the perception of change since COVID‐19 among cancer MDTs using mixed methods. While hybrid working was preferred, challenges exist. Significant improvements in the meeting organisation and logistics were reported. Although we found no significant perceived worsening across the four domains investigated, there was an indication in this direction for the case discussions warranting further ‘live’ assessments of MDT meetings.
The experience of counselling for UK egg providers
Authors: Loyal Sasha , Hudson Nicky , Culley Lorraine , Weis Christina
Published: January 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to address current gaps in knowledge regarding the appropriateness and quality of counselling provided to egg donors in the UK.

Methods

The present study used a cross‐sectional, qualitative design. Semi‐structured interviews were carried out with 29 UK egg donors to explore their experiences of egg donation and the counselling received.

Results

Of the 29 participants, 24 had received counselling. The remaining five did not receive counselling because they were either not accepted as a donor (n = 4) or were offered, but chose not to take up the session (n = 1). The findings are presented in relation to five themes: feeling supported via counselling; feeling well‐informed; welcoming an individualised approach; the counselling setting; and thinking about the future.

Conclusion

Egg donors in this study had varying experiences of counselling offered to them as part of the egg donation process in the UK.

Implications

The findings indicate that there are some aspects of counselling in the UK that could be improved, including the routine offering of counselling throughout the egg donation process and the tailoring of counselling to meet egg donors' individual needs.
Disorganized attachment, mentalization and dissociation in context of childhood trauma: Implications for depressive symptoms
Authors: Bogdanović Aleksandra , Radev Milica Tošić , Stanojević Tatjana Stefanović
Published: January 2023

Extensive evidence indicates that adults with experience of childhood trauma and disorganised attachment are at a higher risk of suffering from depressive symptoms, while at the same time dissociation and mentalisation are very important risk and protective factors in this relation. Although mentalisation and dissociation are mentioned as potential mediators of this relationship, very few studies have analysed the mutual relations between these variables. Bearing in mind the importance of creating more specific and effective ways for dealing with depression, especially within vulnerable groups such as the traumatised, the aim of this research is to examine a serial mediation model in which disorganisation is modelled as effecting a decrease in mentalisation, in turn lead to dissociation, thereby resulting in depressive symptoms. Adult respondents (N = 153) with a history of interpersonal childhood trauma were selected from a larger geographical cluster sample from the general population of Serbia. The respondents filled in a battery of instruments, including The Childhood Traumatic Events Scale, Relationship Questionnaire – CV, Patient Health Questionnaire, Short Scale for the Assessment of Stress‐Related Dissociation Symptomatology and the Mentalisation Scale. Our findings suggest that disorganisation has an effect on depression by leading to a decrease in the ability to mentalise, which further triggers dissociation, resulting in depressive symptoms as a final consequence (estimated indirect effect = 0.014, 95 percent CI = 0.005 to 0.026). Additionally, the specific indirect effect involving dissociation as the sole mediator was also significant (estimated indirect effect = 0.058, 95 percent CI = 0.030 to 0.091). Targeting dissociative symptoms in the treatment in patients struggling with depression aftermath of traumatic experience could gain a great benefit for recognition and selection of more adequate treatment strategies.
Pregnancy in an isthmocele: A rare case from Nepal
Authors: Tandukar Alina , Aryal Roshan , Khaniya Bishal , Maskey Suvana , Ojha Neebha , Chataut Dinesh
Published: January 2023

An infrequent form of ectopic pregnancy, pregnancy in an isthmocele can be hazardous due to hemorrhage or uterine rupture. With no clear guidelines for the management of this condition, surgery is the preferred option.
Synthesis of PdSn Nanoparticles with a Face‐Centered Cubic Structure for Electrocatalytic Ethanol Oxidation
Authors: Fu Bei , Yang Likang , Xu Luyao , Yang Qingqing , Zheng Yaying , Zhan Tianrong , Guo Peizhi
Published: January 2023

Owing to the advantages of large energy density, excellent conversion efficiency, and safety for storage, direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) possess an extensive range of applications in alkaline mediums. In this study, we successfully synthesize the PdSn nanoparticles (NPs) with a different molar ratio of Pd/Sn by a simple one‐step method. The alloyed PdSn NPs present higher electrocatalytic activity and better stability than that of the commercial Pd/C toward ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). Especially, the PdSn@NP‐2 displayed the best electrocatalytic performance among the as‐prepared samples, the current density for EOR in the alkaline condition of which can even approach 2463.8 mA mg−1, approximately 3.6 times of the commercial Pd/C (700 mA mg−1). Meanwhile, on the base of the electrochemical measurement, it is also observed that increasing temperature and concentrations of KOH/C2H5OH for PdSn NPs positively affect on the current density of the above samples.
Extended q‐Range X‐Ray Scattering Reveals High‐Resolution Structural Details of Biomacromolecules in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Chen Jiahui , Borkiewicz Olaf J. , Grishaev Alexander V. , Zhang Fan , Bera Mrinal K. , Ruett Uta , Levin Igor
Published: January 2023

We communicate a feasibility study for high‐resolution structural characterization of biomacromolecules in aqueous solution from X‐ray scattering experiments measured over a range of scattering vectors (q) that is approximately two orders of magnitude wider than used previously for such systems. Scattering data with such an extended q‐range enables the recovery of the underlying real‐space atomic pair distribution function, which facilitates structure determination. We demonstrate the potential of this method for biomacromolecules using several types of cyclodextrins (CD) as model systems. We successfully identified deviations of the tilting angles for the glycosidic units in CDs in aqueous solutions relative to their values in the crystalline forms of these molecules. Such level of structural detail is inaccessible from standard small angle scattering measurements. Our results call for further exploration of ultra‐wide‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements for biomacromolecules.
Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Solution from Thiophene‐Bridged Triply Donor‐Substituted Tristriazolotriazines
Authors: Marchi Luciano Hugo , Farias Giliandro , Salla Cristian M. , Franca Larissa G. , Kuila Suman , Monkman Andrew P. , Durola Fabien , Bechtold Ivan H. , Bock Harald , Gallardo Hugo
Published: January 2023

Most organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emitters do not show their RTP in solution. Here, we incorporated sulfur‐containing thiophene bridges between the donor and acceptor moieties in D3A‐type tristriazolotriazines (TTTs). The thiophene inclusion increased the spin‐orbit coupling associated with the radiative T1→S0 pathway, allowing RTP to be observed in solution for all compounds, likely assisted by protection of the emissive TTT‐thiophene core from the environment by the bulky peripheral donors.
Self‐reported sleep pattern and recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation
Authors: Cang Jiehui , Shi Naiyang , Zhu Didi , Liu Yaowu , Zhou Qianxing , Chen Long
Published: January 2023

Background

Increasing evidence has shown the relationship between sleep and the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the association of different sleep patterns with AF recurrence after catheter ablation was rarely studied. We aimed to assess the role of different sleep behaviors in the risk of AF recurrence after catheter ablation.

Methods and Results

A total of 416 consecutive participants from Zhongda hospital of Southeast University were finally analyzed. Sleep patterns were defined by chronotype, sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, and daytime sleepiness. A total of 208 patients (50.0%) had a healthy sleep pattern within a mean follow‐up of 32.42 ± 18.18 months. The observed number of patients with AF recurrence was 10 (50.0%), 80 (42.6%), and 40 (19.2%) in unhealthy, intermediate and healthy sleep groups, respectively (p < .01). After adjusting covariates, unhealthy sleep pattern was significantly associated with AF recurrence [hazard ratio = 3.47 (95% confidence interval CI: 1.726–6.979, p < .001)]. Sleep disorders such as inadequate sleep time (time <7 h or >8 h), insomnia and excessive sleepiness during daytime were associated with a higher risk of recurrence. Otherwise, improvement in sleep seemed to be associated with decreased risk of AF recurrence.

Conclusion

This retrospective study indicates that adherence to a healthy sleep pattern is associated with a lower risk of AF recurrence. Also, improved sleep before ablation is associated with a lower risk of AF recurrence.