bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Substrate Solarization for the Control of Fungi: The Case Study of Fusarium circinatum, the Quarantine Agent of Pine Pitch Canker
Authors: Silva Ana Cristina , Diogo Eugénio , Bragança Helena
Published: April 2022

Pine pitch canker is one of the much concerning forest diseases in Europe, affecting both adult and young plant hosts. Substrates used in nurseries, especially the ones incorporating Fusarium circinatum host plant residues, such as pine bark, may represent a vehicle for the spread of the fungus. The present study tested the efficacy of solarization on the elimination of F. circinatum inoculum from an artificially inoculated substrate, after three and seven weeks of treatment application, compared with a non- solarized control treatment. The results show a reduction of the viable inoculum density of F. circinatum from the substrate after seven weeks, which suggests that substrate solarization may be a process to minimize biotic risks in a nursery.
Aspects of Pelvic Floor Protection in Spontaneous Delivery – a Review
Authors: Hübner Markus , Rothe Christiane , Plappert Claudia , Baeßler Kaven
Published: April 2022

The necessity of increasingly addressing aspects of pelvic floor protection, i.e., prevention of the most frequent female pelvic floor disorders, such as urinary incontinence, faecal
incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse, is the result of the steadily improving understanding of the association of pregnancy and delivery with the prevalence of these disorders. About a
quarter of all women experience one or more such symptoms during their life. Apart from age and weight, pregnancies and births play an important part. While initial discussion of pelvic
floor protection often focused very rapidly on the mode of delivery and elective caesarean section as a possible protective intervention, it has become apparent in the last few decades how
varied and wide-ranging the options are that can be used to protect against pelvic floor disorders. The mode of delivery as such is “only” one element among numerous other considerations and
has diminished markedly in importance. Interprofessionality and interdisciplinarity undoubtedly represent an important development as resulting recommendations must always be incorporated in
an overall context that considers mother and child at the same time. Considering the pelvic floor only certainly does not make sense. This review article will analyze in greater detail
important pre-, intra- and postpartum aspects that in their entirety can provide insight into the various aspects of pelvic floor protection. The authors regard the following article as an
additional basis for discussion on achieving a sustained reduction in the incidence and prevalence of female pelvic floor disorders.
Diagnosis and Therapy of Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: Recommendation of the Austrian Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics (OEGGG)
Authors: Fischer Thorsten , Helmer Hanns , Klaritsch Philipp , Fazelnia Claudius , Bogner Gerhard , Hillerer Katharina M. , Wohlmuth Christoph , Jaksch-Bogensperger Heidi ,   for the Board of the Austrian Society for Gynecolgy and Obstetrics (OEGGG)
Published: April 2022

This overview analyzes the data on the controversial therapy of iron substitution during pregnancy, the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia and the indication-related therapy, and is the
first recommendation issued by the OEGGG on the appropriate therapy. The effects of anemia during pregnancy on postnatal outcomes have been intensively investigated with heterogeneous
results. A final scientific conclusion with regards to the “optimal” maternal hemoglobin level is limited by the heterogeneous results of various studies, many of which were conducted in
emerging nations (with different dietary habits and structural differences in the respective healthcare systems). The current literature even suggests that there may be a connection between
both decreased and increased maternal serum hemoglobin concentrations and unfavorable short-term and long-term neonatal outcomes. In Austria, 67 percent of pregnant women take
pharmacological supplements or use a variety of dietary supplements. Clinically, the prevalence of maternal anemia is often overestimated, leading to overtreatment of pregnant women (iron
substitution without a medical indication). To obtain a differential diagnosis, a workup of the indications for treatment should be carried out prior to initiating any form of iron
substitution during pregnancy. If treatment is medically indicated, oral iron substitution is usually sufficient. Because of the restricted approval and potential side effects, medical
indications for intravenous iron substitution should be limited. Intravenous iron substitution without a prior detailed diagnostic workup is an off-label use and should only be used in very
limited cases, and women should be advised accordingly.
Frequency of Injuries to Women after Sexual Offense – Relevance of a Gynecology Examination
Authors: Klasen Caroline M. , Meyer Luise , Anders Sven , Lohner Larissa , Ondruschka Benjamin , Pinnschmidt Hans , Püschel Klaus , Schmalfeldt Barbara , Seifert Dragana , Wilmes Sandra , Witzel Isabell
Published: April 2022

Introduction Up to a third of women worldwide report having experienced an act of sexual violence during their lifetime. The emergency gynecology department is often the first port
of call for affected individuals. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the importance of gynecology examinations for women after a sexual offense and to evaluate the pattern of
injuries sustained.

Methods This study is a retrospective single center analysis of the gynecology and forensic examination reports of all women examined for a suspected sexual offense in the central
emergency department of a university hospital between 2013 and 2017 (n = 692). We evaluated genital and extragenital injury patterns, age, offender profile, time of offense, and substance
use, as well as the administration of post-coital contraception and post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV.

Results The affected individuals had a mean age of 26 (12 – 91 years). Almost 75% of affected individuals presented within 24 hours of the reported sexual offense. Extragenital
injuries were detected in 78.6% of patients and genital injuries in 28.5%. Overall, 20.1% of the women reported complete memory loss and 18.7% partial memory loss of the actual event. Risk
factors for memory lapse were the consumption of alcohol and/or the (possibly non-consensual) administration of other substances acting on the central nervous system. A history of alcohol
consumption by the victim (hazard ratio [HR] 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21 – 3.12, p = 0.006) and younger victims aged between 25 – 49 years (HR 1.75; 95% CI 1.07 – 2.85,
p = 0.025) were associated with the occurrence of extragenital injuries. However, if the perpetrator was someone who was known to the affected individual, fewer extragenital injuries were
sustained (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.36 – 0.99, p = 0.046). Reports of genital injuries, associated with an older age of affected individuals and indications of anal penetration, resulted in more
frequent administration of post-exposure prophylaxis (29.1% vs. 19.5%, p < 0.012) and hepatitis B (active) vaccination (40% vs. 28.5%, p < 0.028).

Conclusion Emergency gynecology examinations form a fundamental component of the medical care and the assessment of affected women after a sexual offense, since almost a third of
victims sustain injuries to the genital region. In addition to a detailed complete physical examination and expert forensic documentation of physical and genital injuries, victims should
also be offered psychological support which is easy for them to access.
A Methodological Approach to Validate Pneumonia Encounters from Radiology Reports Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Panny AlokSagar , Hegde Harshad , Glurich Ingrid , Scannapieco Frank A. , Vedre Jayanth G. , VanWormer Jeffrey J. , Miecznikowski Jeffrey , Acharya Amit
Published: April 2022

Introduction Pneumonia is caused by microbes that establish an infectious process in the lungs. The gold standard for pneumonia diagnosis is radiologist-documented pneumonia-related features in radiology notes that are captured in electronic health records in an unstructured format.

Objective The study objective was to develop a methodological approach for assessing validity of a pneumonia diagnosis based on identifying presence or absence of key radiographic features in radiology reports with subsequent rendering of diagnostic decisions into a structured format.

Methods A pneumonia-specific natural language processing (NLP) pipeline was strategically developed applying Clinical Text Analysis and Knowledge Extraction System (cTAKES) to validate pneumonia diagnoses following development of a pneumonia feature–specific lexicon. Radiographic reports of study-eligible subjects identified by International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes were parsed through the NLP pipeline. Classification rules were developed to assign each pneumonia episode into one of three categories: “positive,” “negative,” or “not classified: requires manual review” based on tagged concepts that support or refute diagnostic codes.

Results A total of 91,998 pneumonia episodes diagnosed in 65,904 patients were retrieved retrospectively. Approximately 89% (81,707/91,998) of the total pneumonia episodes were documented by 225,893 chest X-ray reports. NLP classified and validated 33% (26,800/81,707) of pneumonia episodes classified as “Pneumonia-positive,” 19% as (15401/81,707) as “Pneumonia-negative,” and 48% (39,209/81,707) as “episode classification pending further manual review.” NLP pipeline performance metrics included accuracy (76.3%), sensitivity (88%), and specificity (75%).

Conclusion The pneumonia-specific NLP pipeline exhibited good performance comparable to other pneumonia-specific NLP systems developed to date.
Automated Identification of Immunocompromised Status in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Kandaswamy Swaminathan , Orenstein Evan W. , Quincer Elizabeth , Fernandez Alfred J. , Gonzalez Mark D. , Lu Lydia , Kamaleswaran Rishikesan , Banerjee Imon , Jaggi Preeti
Published: April 2022

Background Easy identification of immunocompromised hosts (ICHs) would allow for stratification of culture results based on host type.

Methods We utilized antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) team notes written during handshake stewardship rounds in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) as the gold standard for host status; clinical notes from the primary team, medication orders during the encounter, problem list, and billing diagnoses documented prior to the ASP documentation were extracted to develop models that predict host status. We calculated performance for three models based on diagnoses/medications, with and without natural language processing from clinical notes. The susceptibility of pathogens causing bacteremia to commonly used empiric antibiotic regimens was then stratified by host status.

Results We identified 844 antimicrobial episodes from 666 unique patients; 160 (18.9%) were identified as ICHs. We randomly selected 675 initiations (80%) for model training and 169 initiations (20%) for testing. A rule-based model using diagnoses and medications alone yielded a sensitivity of 0.87 (08.6–0.88), specificity of 0.93 (0.92–0.93), and positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.74 (0.73–0.75). Adding clinical notes into XGBoost model led to improved specificity of 0.98 (0.98–0.98) and PPV of 0.9 (0.88–0.91), but with decreased sensitivity 0.77 (0.76–0.79). There were 77 bacteremia episodes during the study period identified and a host-specific visualization was created.

Conclusions An electronic health record–based phenotype based on notes, diagnoses, and medications identifies ICH in the PICU with high specificity.
The CON-SOT-LOT Test for Nonorganic Hearing Loss
Authors: Martin Jeffrey S. , Martin Frederick N. , Champlin Craig A.
Published: April 2022

The efficacy of a screening procedure for detecting nonorganic hearing loss using standard audiometric instrumentation was examined. Thirty normal-hearing subjects' responses to continuous and standard and lengthened off-time pulsed tones, using an ascending-descending method, were compared. Subjects were asked to respond to test stimuli in normal-hearing and simulated hearing loss conditions. Data show that there are clinical and statistical differences between subjects' response patterns in the normal-hearing condition as compared to the feigned hearing loss condition. The procedure is offered as a simple method of screening for nonorganic hearing loss.

Abbreviations: A-D = ascending-descending, ANOVA = analysis of variance, CON = continuous tone, LOT = lengthened off-time pulsed tone, MML = modified method of limits, NOHL = nonorganic hearing loss, STL = simulated threshold level, SOT = standard off-time pulsed tone
Global adaptation readiness and income mitigate sectoral climate change vulnerabilities
Authors: Sarkodie Samuel Asumadu , Ahmed Maruf Yakubu , Owusu Phebe Asantewaa
Published: April 2022

Climate change has become a global burden, requiring strong institutional quality and willingness to mitigate future impacts. Though emissions are transboundary and have the tendency of spreading from high emitting countries to low emitting countries, regional exposure, sensitivity, and adaptation readiness determine the extent of climate effects. The existing literature focuses on immediate drivers and damages of emission effects, failing to account for underlying mechanisms occurring via the nexus between emission levels, economic, social, and governance adaptation readiness. Here, this study broadens the scope of previous attempts and simultaneously examines climate change vulnerability across sectors including ecosystem services, food, health, human habitat, infrastructure, and water. We use the Romano–Wolf technique to test multiple hypotheses and present the spatial–temporal severity of climate vulnerability and readiness to combat climate change and its impacts. Besides, we assess the long-term impact of climate change readiness and income expansion on sectoral-climate vulnerabilities. We find that high-income economies with high social, governance, and economic readiness have low climate vulnerability whereas developing economies with low income have high climate change exposure and sensitivity. Our empirical evidence could be used to prioritize limited resources in addressing and managing adaptive actions of extreme climate change vulnerabilities.
Collapsing plasma makes for a controllable catastrophic event
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: April 2022

Experiments demonstrate a ring of initially stable hot, dense plasma can suddenly collapse
Cost and economic determinants of paediatric tonsillectomy
Authors: Tran Aimy H. L. , Liew Danny , Horne Rosemary S. C. , Rimmer Joanne , Nixon Gillian M.
Published: April 2022

Objective Hospital utilisation research is important in pursuing cost-saving healthcare models. Tonsillectomy is one of the most common paediatric surgeries and the most frequent reason for paediatric hospital readmission. This study aimed to report the government-funded costs of paediatric tonsillectomy in the state of Victoria, Australia, extrapolate costs across Australia, and identify the cost determinants. Methods A population-based longitudinal study was conducted with a bottom-up costing approach using linked datasets containing all paediatric tonsillectomy and tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy surgeries performed in the state of Victoria between 2010 and 2015. Results The total average annual cost of tonsillectomy hospitalisation in Victoria was A$21 937 155 with a median admission cost of A$2224 (interquartile range (IQR) 1826–2560). Inflation-adjusted annual tonsillectomy costs increased during 2010–2015 (P < 0.001), not explained by the rising number of surgeries. Hospital readmissions resulted in a total average annual cost of A$1 427 716, with each readmission costing approximately A$2411 (IQR 1936–2732). The most common reason for readmission was haemorrhage, which was associated with the highest total cost. The estimated total annual expenditure of both tonsillectomy and resulting readmissions across Australia was A$126 705 989. Surgical cost in the upper quartile was associated with younger age, male sex, lower socioeconomic status, surgery for reasons other than infection alone, overnight vs day case surgery, public hospitals and metropolitan hospitals. Surgery for obstructed breathing during sleep had the strongest association to high surgical cost. Conclusions This study highlights the cost of paediatric tonsillectomy and associated hospital readmissions. The study findings will inform healthcare reform and serve as a basis for strategies to optimise patient outcomes while reducing both postoperative complications and costs.
How patient centric is health policy development? The case of the Parliamentary Inquiry into Sleep Health Awareness in Australia
Authors: Schokman Aaron , Glozier Nick , Aji Melissa , Sun Bin Yu , Kairaitis Kristina , Cheung Janet M. Y.
Published: April 2022

Objective Parliamentary inquiries into health-related issues empower everyday Australians to contribute to the development and reform of health policy. We explored how patient and family/carers concerns are translated by this process, using a less well-known disease, narcolepsy, as an example. Methods Written submissions made to the Parliamentary Inquiry into Sleep Health Awareness in Australia 2018 by self-identified patients or family/carers with narcolepsy (n = 13) were extracted and thematically analysed using the Framework Approach. Each submission was systematically coded and abstracted into emergent themes before being evaluated against the final policy recommendations. Results Although patients and their family/carers prioritised issues that affected their daily lives (i.e. mental health sequela, workplace accommodations), the policy recommendations in the report focused mainly on issues of healthcare infrastructure, funding and engagement. Our analysis highlighted several barriers that patients and their family/carers face when contributing to this part of healthcare policy formation. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the parliamentary inquiry process in its current form is not an ideal vehicle by which patients and family/carers can contribute or influence healthcare policy. Despite calling for submissions from patients and their family/carers, the final report and subsequent health policy recommendations made by the inquiry do not appear to be patient-centric or reflective of the submissions written by these stakeholders. Increased transparency, development of processes to balance stakeholder priorities and improved accessibility for stakeholders to participate are needed if health-related parliamentary inquiries are to produce healthcare policy that ultimately meets the needs of patients and family/carers.
Design of ultrasonic flowmeter for wet gas measurement
Authors: Zheng Dandan , Zhai Mengxu , Wang Mi
Published: April 2022

When an ultrasonic flowmeter (UFM) is applied in the measurement of wet gas, the ultrasonic signal attenuates and fluctuates strongly because of the liquid film and droplets in gas. It is hard to obtain the accurate time of flight (TOF) of ultrasound. Besides, the gas velocity distribution on a pipe cross section changes with different flow patterns, making it difficult to determine the measurement model. In order to solve these problems, a dual-channel UFM is specially designed and a measurement system is built. Then, a dynamic threshold method based on statistical average signal amplitude is proposed to obtain the TOF of ultrasound in wet gas. Combined with the classical void fraction model, the wet gas velocity measurement model for the dual-channel UFM is established based on a neural network. Finally, experiments are carried out on a DN50 wet gas device, where pressure is 0.1 MPa, gas superficial velocity is 5–20 m s−1 and liquid volume fraction is 0.2%–5%. The results show that the average relative error of gas velocity is 0.52% and the maximum relative uncertainty is 0.491%.
Analysis of a TB and HIV co-infection model under Mittag-Leffler fractal-fractional derivative
Authors: Liu Xuan , Ahmad Shabir , Rahman Mati ur , Nadeem Yasir , Akgül Ali
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the nonlocal operator with the Mittag-Leffler kernel is used to analyze a TB-HIV co-infection model with recurrent TB and exogenous reinfection. The non-negative invariant region and basic reproduction number of the proposed model are demonstrated. By using the Krasnoselskii fixed result, we investigate that the TB-HIV co-infection model possesses at least one solution. We look at the existence of a unique solution using Banach’s fixed point theorem. Functional analysis is used to demonstrate Ulam-Hyres stability. The numerical solution of the given model is obtained using the Adams-Bashforth technique. We illustrate the achieved results by studying the co-infection of TB and HIV for different fractional and fractal orders.
ALP search using precessing light
in a magnetized Fabry Perot cavity
Authors: Creswick R.J. , Avignone F.T.
Published: April 2022

In this paper we outline an experiment to detect the conversion of photons to axion-like particles (ALPs) in a strong magnetic field. We show that by modulating the polarization of the light passing through a Fabry-Perot cavity so that it effectively precesses at the modulation frequency, a signal is produced that is proportional to the square, as opposed to the fourth power, of the ALP-photon coupling constant. Assuming shot noise to be the dominant source of noise, we estimate that this approach is sensitive to ALP masses less than 10-4 eV and couplings on the order to gaγ
> 1.6 × 10-11 GeV-1 with a 10 m, 10 T magnet, and gaγ
> 1.6 × 10-12 GeV-1 with a 100 m magnet as envisaged by ALPs-IIc. ALPs with these properties have been invoked to explain the apparent transparency of the extragalactic background light (EBL) to ultra high-energy gamma rays emitted by BLAZARs.
Axion homeopathy: screening dilaton interactions
Authors: Burgess C.P. , Quevedo F.
Published: April 2022

Cosmologically active Brans-Dicke (or dilaton) scalar fields are generically ruled out by solar system tests of gravity unless their couplings to ordinary matter are much suppressed relative to gravitational strength, and this is a major hindrance when building realistic models of light dilatons coupled to matter. We propose a new mechanism for evading such bounds if matter also couples to a light axion, that exploits nonlinear target-space curvature interactions to qualitatively change how the fields respond to a gravitating source. We find that dilaton-matter couplings that would be excluded in the absence of an axion can become acceptable given an additional small axion-matter coupling, and this is possible because the axion-dilaton interactions end up converting the would-be dilaton profile into an axion profile. The trajectories of matter test bodies are then controlled by the much weaker axion-matter couplings and can easily be small enough to escape detection. We call this mechanism Axion Homeopathy because the evasion of the dilaton-coupling bounds persists for extremely small axion couplings provided only that they are nonzero. We explore the mechanism using axio-dilaton equations that are SL(2,ℝ) invariant (as often appear in string compactifications), since for these the general solutions exterior to a spherically symmetric source can be found analytically. We use this solution to compute the relevant PPN parameters, γ
PPN and β
PPN, and verify that their deviation from unity can be much smaller than it would have been in the absence of axion-matter couplings and can therefore evade the experimental bounds.
Echo chambers in the Ising model and implications on the mean magnetization
Authors: Baravi Talia , Feinerman Ofer , Raz Oren
Published: April 2022

The echo-chamber effect is a common term in opinion dynamic modeling to describe how a person’s opinion might be artificially enhanced as it is reflected back at her through social interactions. Here, we study the existence of this effect in statistical mechanics models, which are commonly used to study opinion dynamics. We show that the Ising model does not exhibit echo-chambers, but this result is a consequence of a special symmetry. We then distinguish between three types of models: (i) those with a strong echo-chamber symmetry, that have no echo-chambers at all; (ii) those with a weak echo-chamber symmetry that can exhibit echo-chambers but only if there are external fields in the system, and (iii) models without echo-chamber symmetry that generically have echo-chambers. We use these results to construct an efficient algorithm to efficiently and precisely calculate magnetization in arbitrary tree networks. Finally, we apply this algorithm to study two systems: phase transitions in the random field Ising model on a Bethe lattice and the influence optimization problem in social networks.
Speech Emotion Based Sentiment Recognition using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Choudhary Ravi Raj , Meena Gaurav , Mohbey Krishna Kumar
Published: April 2022

The capacity to comprehend and communicate with others via language is one of the most valuable human abilities. We are well-trained in our experience reading awareness of different emotions since they play a vital part in communication. Contrary to popular belief, emotion recognition is a challenging task for computers or robots due to the subjective nature of human mood. This research proposes a framework for acknowledging the passionate sections of conversation, independent of the semantic content, via the recognition of discourse feelings. To categorize the emotional content of audio files, this article employs deep learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long short-term memories (LSTMs). In order to make sound information as helpful as possible for future use, models using Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) were created. It was tested using RAVDESS and TESS datasets and found that the CNN had a 97.1% accuracy rate.
Deep learning for facial emotion recognition using custom CNN architecture
Authors: Appasaheb Borgalli Mr. Rohan , Surve Dr. Sunil
Published: April 2022

Human facial expressions are an indication of true emotions. To recognize facial expressions accurately is useful in the field of Artificial Intelligence, Computing, Medical, e-Education, and many more. The facial expression recognition (FER) system detects emotion through facial expression. But, it is challenging to detect facial emotions accurately. However, recent advancements in technology, research, and availability of facial expression datasets have led to the development of many FER systems which can accurately detect facial emotions. Past research in the field of FER indicates With Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), deep learning techniques are the most advanced presently. Custom CNN Architecture is used to implement basic facial emotion recognition in static images in this paper. A K-fold cross-validation method was used to train them using FER13, CK+, and the JAFFE data set. On the seven classes of fundamental emotions, including anger, disgust, fear, happiness, neutrality, sorrow, and surprise, the FER13, CK+, and JAFFE datasets had an accuracy rate of 91.58 percent. Given the difficulty of developing unique CNN architecture, this study’s accurate findings contrast well with those of previous studies.
A sustainable embedded shade management system for tea cultivation
Authors: Ningombam Hemarjit , Roy O.P
Published: April 2022

Tea farming stands on a vast area. The quality and quantity of products enormously depend on the management and control of the environmental conditions of the tea farms. Feasible and continuous monitoring of the plantations’ parameters is needed to achieve the desired farm output. 50%-60% of the light intensity needs to be filtered on each tea plant throughout the year. Traditionally, shading is achieved by planting leguminous trees inside the farms. So it is extensively required to monitor the shading capacity continuously to overcome the degradation of the farm’s product. In this paper, a simple, sustainable shade management system is designed. The system is embedded with Atmega 2560 controller, and a wireless network has been achieved using the ZigBee module. A systematic array of LDRs acquires light Intensity. The measured parameters are wirelessly transmitted continuously to the central decision support system with associated information like locations, sensor values, etc. The proposed method is easily extensible and user-friendly.
Internet of Things for sustainable urbanism
Authors: Sharma Paribhasha , Jangirala Srinivas
Published: April 2022

Cities around the world are facing enormous strain to sustain and improve the quality of life (QoL) owing to rapid urbanization and rising populations. Management of urban resources in a responsible manner is key to sustainable development in rapidly urbanizing regions. Cities are increasingly making use of modern technologies with a focus on cost reduction, optimal resource utilization and creation of more liveable urban environment. Such cities, called smart cities, have gained traction with policy makers, politicians and urban managers having the attributes of sustainable urbanism, QoL, and smartness. Smart cities provide digital intelligence to existing cities by creating a ubiquitous, integrated and smart environment where IoT applications impart seamless interconnection, interaction, control and insights about the isolated systems within the cities. This paper discusses and reviews the role of IoT for sustainable smart cities by highlighting IoT applications for smart cities. The challenges and opportunities associated with IoT enabled smart cities are also highlighted.
Formant Measure of Indian English Vowels for Speaker Identity
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Roy Om Prakash
Published: April 2022

With the growth of communication technology, reliability and security of communication devices became a challenging job. Voice biometrics are becoming increasingly popular as a promising alternative to traditional passwords to authenticate the user on devices for secure communication. Speech processing technology in voice identification may ensures and secure the user access over a range of systems, devices, and services. The formant frequency is the resonant frequency of the vocal cord. Frame-to-frame formants achieved using linear predictive coding (LPC) analysis technique by obtaining the tops of the envelopes. The source voice for vowel is a periodic signal in combination of fundamental frequency and a random noise generator generates unvoiced consonants. In this study, we used voice test samples of different male speakers from age 15 to 20 years. From each speaker utterance of different Indian English words, including vowels and consonants recorded using a digital audio editor software GoldWave v6.57. Formant frequency extracted from the spectrogram of recorded words using MATLAB 2016a signal processing toolbox. Finally, presented an approach for extracting vowels in the words spoken based on three formant frequencies such F1, F2 and F3. The results has shown the significance of vowels in Indian English words when formant frequency of vocal tract is considered.
A Compact Wide Stopband Band Pass SIW Filter For K-Band Applications
Authors: Edison Singh M
Published: April 2022

Direct coupled filters have narrow stopband due to higher order modes passband. A compact dual layer band pass filter is proposed with wide stop band. The proposed filter provides the return loss of 16.87db and insertion loss of 2.5dB at the passband frequency 20.9 GHz. The filter size is half of the conventional direct coupled filters. The stop band covers up to 40 GHz with insertion loss below 35dB. The filter has no slot which makes it immune to the EMI/EMC problems.
An Accelerated Post-processing Calculation Method of Curved Surface Profile Extraction Based on the Total Focusing Method of Ultrasonic Phased Array
Authors: Li Fan , Yao Aizhou , Zhu LiMin , Yang Chenlong , Zhang Yang
Published: April 2022

Surface profile extraction is a significant process for determining the ultrasonic beam propagation path based on the Fermat’s principle while applying the total focusing method (TFM) of ultrasonic phased array on a curved component immersed in water. However, TFM calculation is time consuming due to the large amounts of data post-processing. Hence, a trade-off between computation cost and precision of result image is must to be made. In this paper, an accelerated total focusing method (ATFM) was proposed to extract the surface profile of an arc-shaped component. The experimental results show that compared with TFM, ATFM could shorten the imaging time by more than 70% under various conditions of grid spacing. Meanwhile, the maximal error of extracted surface profile compared to the practical profile curve is about 0.7mm and the surface extraction errors near the central area are less than 0.1mm. It shows that the proposed ATFM can significantly improve the computation efficiency while ensuring the accuracy of surface extraction.
Multiple Motion Modes Analysis of Assembly Based on Monopole Motor Principle
Authors: Guo Junxi , Li Wenbo , Wu Dongqiong , Pang Bowen , Fan Jifeng , Wang Tianyuan
Published: April 2022

Dc monopole motor with low voltage and high current is widely used in the market. It has the advantages of high efficiency, no commutator, no iron loss and so on. In this paper, an assembly (a cylindrical battery with button-type magnets attached at both ends) is placed on aluminum foil. The phenomenon that the assembly will move based on the principle of a single motor is explained. By adjusting the specifications of the button magnets and other parameters, a variety of its movement modes are theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified. The conclusion is that when the magnets at both ends are placed at the same level relative to each other and the diameter is the same, the composite body moves in a straight line with first acceleration and then uniform speed. When the diameter is different, the circular motion is accelerated first and then uniform. Changing the magnetic property size, battery length and other parameters will affect the change of motion parameters. This provides a new idea for further innovation of monopole motor in the future.
Research on Resolution Enhancement Technology of Orthogonal Multimode Fiber Imaging
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Yin Longfei , Wu Guohua , Luo Bin , Yin Pengqi
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a new scheme to improve the imaging resolution of optical fiber endoscope. Multimode fiber imaging is combined with correlation imaging experimental architecture, and Schmidt orthogonalization algorithm is used to reduce the correlation of light field. The simulation and experimental results show that this scheme can greatly improve the imaging quality and resolution, especially in the case of under sampling. In addition, the scheme can also resist the low resolution problem caused by the light field divergence of multimode fiber correlation imaging, and when the light field divergence reaches a certain extent, the resolution of the orthogonalized multimode fiber light field will no longer be affected. The feasibility of orthogonal multimode fiber imaging scheme in large depth of field is verified.
Study on the Field-effect Carrier Transport of Epitaxial Graphene on SiC
Authors: Cao Jiaji , Wei Shuhua , Jin Zhi , Peng Songang , Zhang Jing , Chen Xiufang
Published: April 2022

We have studied the field-effect carrier transport of graphene on 4H silicon carbide substrate. In order to extract the electrical parameters, the top-gated field effect transistor has been fabricated. By fitting the measured results with Kim’s model, the field effect carrier mobility (µ) and the metal/graphene contact resistance (Rc) and the residual carrier concentration (n0) are derived to be 3382cm2/Vs, 2250Ω▪µm and 2.18×1013cm-2, respectively. It is noted that the large contact resistance did not affect the high field effect carrier mobility of our device. The high carrier mobility suggests that the SiC epitaxial graphene may be quite suitable for the future high speed electronic applications.
Properties Study of Trackless Tack Coat Materials
Authors: Geng Binbin , Wang Jia , Pu Changyu
Published: April 2022

The softening point of evaporation residue of ordinary emulsified asphalt is low, which is adhered to the wheel during construction and cannot play the role of interlayer bonding. The author prepared Trackless tack coat materials by base asphalt with higher softening point and modifier with improved high temperature performance, thus the softening point of evaporation residue of emulsified asphalt is improved. Its physical and chemical properties were analyzed and compared with two kinds of emulsified asphalt. Under the condition that the physical and chemical properties remain unchanged, it has obvious effect of non-sticking wheel. The interlaminar shear and pull-out tests were carried out to study the bonding performance of three kinds of emulsified asphalt. The influence degree of different temperatures on the bonding performance of emulsified asphalt was analyzed, and the bonding performance was compared and analyzed, Trackless tack coat materials layer bond strength is higher, applicable to a wider range of conditions. Through various performance test analysis, it is shown that Trackless tack coat materials meets the requirements of the specification, has excellent interlayer bonding performance, and has a better effect of non-stick wheels.
Design and Application of a β-γ Coincidence Measurement System Based on Digital Technology
Authors: Wang Yu , Qin Guoxiu , Zhang Xiaohui , Cui Jiarui
Published: April 2022

In order to reduce the uncertainty of coincidence measurement, a β-γ coincidence measurement system based on digital technology is designed. The system consists of data acquisition hardware and data analysis software. It uses the data acquisition card to collect data from the detector, and then finish the dead time correction, coincidence resolving time correction and efficiency extrapolation necessary for coincidence measurement on the computer. The designed coincidence measurement system is used to measure 60Co standard source in the laboratory, and adopt two efficiency extrapolation methods to process the measurement results. The results show that the deviation of the activity of 60Co standard source measured using the designed coincidence system from the value measured using a standard device is less than 0.5%.
Radar Emitter Identification Based on Spectral Resemblance Coefficient
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Zhiyong , Zeng Weigui , Chen Meishan
Published: April 2022

The traditional radar emitter identification method based on the five parameters of the pulse is difficult to achieve the desired effect in today’s abnormally dense electromagnetic environment. Modern radars often impose intentional modulation in the signal to improve the anti-jamming and low interception performance. Therefore, a radar emitter identification method based on the spectrum resemblance coefficient is proposed in this paper, which reflects the approximation degree between the signal spectrum and various basis functions by calculating the resemblance coefficients between them. Simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper has strong anti-interference capability and can effectively distinguish different types of intra-pulse modulated radar signals.
Evaluation Means of Oil-paper Insulation’s Water Based on DC Conductivity
Authors: Zhang Shaoming , Zhang Chenjun , Lin Jinhuang , Yu Haoyi
Published: April 2022

Abstract.The measured spectral line based on frequency domain dielectric spectrum contains multiple superpositions of conductance and polarization processes. In view of the lack of methods to separate the polarization and the conductance processes and the lack of unique methods to characterize the model conductance parameters, the micro conductance processes are studied in depth according to the real and imaginary Kramers-Kronig relation. Firstly, different water content insulation samples were prepared during the laboratory conditions, and dielectric lines in frequency domain were obtained by measurement. Secondly, according to the k-K relation, the relaxation loss spectrum line is obtained by numerical integration of the measured real part of the complex polarization spectrum line, and then the conductivity loss spectrum line is obtained. Finally, the least square method is used to fit the conductivity spectrum line and calculate the conductivity value. The experimental results show that the conductance of the virtual part of the repolarization measurement can be separated from the relaxation loss line by k-K transformation, and the dc conductance can be calculated. At the same time,with the oil-paper insulating sample’s water content increasing, its electrical conductivity is gradually enhanced.
Analytical and Measurement-Based Method for Diagnosing the Fault of Channels in TSV-Based 3D ICs
Authors: Qu Chenbing , Zheng Linting , Wang Liwei , Sun Chen
Published: April 2022

Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) based on through silicon via (TSV) technology can effectively solve many bottlenecks in the development of ICs. It has rapidly developed into a key cutting-edge technology representing the medium and long-term sustainable development of microelectronics industry. Process fluctuation causes TSV process defects, resulting in the change of structural parameters of RDL and TSV interconnection structure. Finally, it leads to the degradation of performance parameters and functional failure of 3D interconnection and devices. Aiming at the high-resistance and open-circuited faults of 3D ICs, this paper develops an analysis method based on micro nano machining and detection technology. The electrical characteristics and images of typical chain TSV interconnections are analyzed by scanning electron microscope high-resolution imaging. The mechanism of fault diagnosis is based on potential difference and electron transfer.
Terminal Security Monitoring Based on Power Consumption Information
Authors: Chi Yuehan , Cheng Yushi , Ji Xiaoyu
Published: April 2022

The application of information technology in many fields is becoming more and more popular, but while bringing about a rapid increase in productivity, it also brings some safety issues, especially in industrial control systems. Since the industrial control system often uses a computer as the control center of some devices, once this computer is attacked, it will cause serious harm. The use of additional security software for security monitoring is not completely credible, after all, security monitoring software will also be attacked and become invalid. Therefore, the method of using some side channels and machine learning is very popular recently, especially the power consumption side channels. However, the power consumption will change with the running time of the device. If the model trained by supervised learning will fail after a few days, this paper proposes a self-learning method based on the power consumption side channel, which can be stable for a long time with a high accuracy of 97%.
Seek of Polishing Transmission Efficiency Based on Modeling over Wireless Charging
Authors: Shao Fei
Published: April 2022

Among electric vehicle charging technologies, wireless charging technology is undoubtedly a most convenient method, also needless to get refreshed and repaired as wires do. Nevertheless, it has long been a tough issue that the efficiency remains low, which causes great waste and too much heat even add to the possibility of fire emergency. Due to low charging efficiency and non-universal charging equipment, wireless charging equipment for electric vehicles has not been effectively promoted. Based on this, integrated circuit theory and electromagnetic field equation, this paper established electromagnetic coupling wireless charging circuit model, based on this model, the maximum wireless charging power transmission efficiency and the maximum horizontal offset and other issues are studied.
A Multi-mode Power Management Method for Aircraft Convolution
Authors: Cai Wenjie , Tian Feng , Shi Dongqiang , Liu Hedong
Published: April 2022

In order to realize the management of the aircraft, it is suitable for the long-term management operation of the aircraft. In this paper, a multi-mode management method for aircraft based on convolution prediction is proposed. Firstly, the historical consumption data of the system over time is collected, and its idle time is sorted into time-dependent historical input data. Secondly, the consumption prediction model based on convolution is established. The historical idle time series of the systemt is input, and the system is output to predict the idle time series. Finally, according to the difference between idle time and mode switching balance time, the corresponding management multi-mode switching is performed.
The qualification of GEM detector and its application to imaging
Authors: Ahmed A. , Kumar A. , Naimuddin Md. , Babij M. , Bielowka P.
Published: April 2022

The Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) is a new age detector,
which can handle the high flux of particles. The GEM foil, which is
constructed using 50 μm highly insulating foil
(Kapton/Apical) coated with 5 μm layers of copper, on both
sides, with a network of specifically shaped holes is the major
component of these detectors. The European Center for Nuclear
Research (CERN) has been the sole supplier of the GEM foils until
recently when a few other companies started manufacturing GEM foils
under the transfer of technology (TOT) agrement from CERN. Techtra
is one such company in Europe which gained a right to use CERN
developed technology in order to produce commercially viable GEM
foils. Micropack Pvt. Ltd. is another company in India which has
successfully manufactured good quality GEM foils. Due to the
microscopic structure of holes and dependence on the electric field
inside, it becomes essential to study the defect and uniformity of
holes along with the electrical property of foils under ambient
conditions. In this work we are reporting the tests condition of
Techtra GEM foils. We report on the development of a cost effective
and efficient technique to study the GEM foils holes geometry,
distribution, and defects. We also report on the electrical
properties of these foils like leakage current, stability, and
discharges. At the detector level, we describe the high voltage (HV)
response, gain, uniformity, and stability. The GEMs have been
proposed to have a wider applications, so we performed a feasibility
study to utilize these for the imaging. We irrediated various
objects of varying density with X-rays and reconstructed the
images. The reconstructed image shows a good distinction between
materials of different densities, which can be very useful in
various applications like medical imaging or cargo imaging.