bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF TRANSMEMBRANE CARRIER OF ABSCISIC ACID NRT1.2 IN THE ADAPTIVE GROWTH RESPONSE OF ARABIDOPSIS PLANTS TO SODIUM CHLORIDE SALINIZATION
Authors:   Ufa Institute of Biology of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia, Sevostyanova A.O. , Akhtyamova Z.A. ,   Ufa Institute of Biology of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia, Korobova A.V. ,   Ufa Institute of Biology of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia, Kudoyarova G.R. ,   Ufa Institute of Biology of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
Published: December 2024

The role of the nitrate and ABA transporter (NRT1.2) in the growth response of Arabidopsis plants to sodium chloride salinity was studied. Mutants for this gene (nrt1.2) and plants of the parent Wassilewskija line (Ws) were grown on liquid Hoagland-Arnon medium. NaCl was added to half of the vessels to a final concentration of 150 mmol/l. In Ws plants, salinity led to the accumulation of ABA and IAA in shoots and roots, which was accompanied by a decrease in their mass accumulation and root elongation. In nrt1.2, exposure to sodium chloride caused only a slight decrease in the root to shoot mass ratio. Unlike WS, ABA did not participate in the regulation of this response in the mutant. Conclusions were made about the important role of the transporter in the accumulation of plant mass and root elongation under optimal conditions, as well as in the adaptive growth response of plants to salinity.
The Problem of Migrants from the Right-Bank Ukraine in the Relationships between Russia and the Left-Bank Cossack Hetmanate (1680–1681)
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Florya Boris
Published: December 2024

During the Russo-Turkish war of 1672–1681 the population of the Right-Bank Ukraine massively migrated eastwards across Dnepr, trying to escape the Ottoman domination and Crimean attacks. The vast majority of migrants settled on the land of the Belgorodzkij razriad (regiment), which bordered the Left-Bank Cossack Hetmanate. Military units of Belgorodzkij razriad included so-called sloboda regiments, recruited from Ukrainian Cossacks, who had relocated there some time before. Its administrative structure was close to the one of the Left-Bank Hetmanate. The end of the Russo-Turkish war in 1681 made the problem of migrants from the Right Bank an urgent matter in the relations between the Left-Bank hetman Ivan Samojlovich and the Russian government. As Samojlovich realized that the Right Bank wouldn’t return under his control any time soon, he requested from Moscow to transfer the sloboda regiments under hetmans power or to unpopulated Southern lands where migrants from the Right Bank were supposed to be settled. This problem was constantly discussed during the negotiations between Samojlovich or his representatives with the Russian government. The latter was ready to settle migrants on the Russian lands but refused to give hetman authority over them, which caused some tensions in the Russian-Ukrainian relations in the first months after the conclusion of the Bakhchysarai treaty of 1681.
Badinter Commission 1991–1993 and the Fate of Yugoslavia
Authors: Bezruchenko Viktor
Published: December 2024

The author provides an analysis of the European Union’s position on key issues of settlement of the Yugoslav crisis (state sovereignty, the right to self-determination and borders of the Yugoslav republics) through examination of the documents of the International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia, as well as the documents of the Yugoslav government and the European Union Arbitration Commission. The analysis takes into account the historical context of the Yugoslav crisis on the basis of Opinions of the Arbitration Commission of the European Union (Badinter’s Commission). The Commission attempted to elaborate legal basis of the process of disintegration of Yugoslavia. The EU Opinions contributed to premature international recognition of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina which plunged these republics into civil war. The stated goal of the Conference of European Union for former Yugoslavia and the Arbitration Commission was the settlement of the political crisis in Yugoslavia through changes of its constitutional framework. The Commission examined a broad range of issues concerning the process of disintegration of Yugoslavia and elaborated relevant recommendations (Opinions) for the EU Conference for former Yugoslavia. The Opinions of Badinter’s Arbitration Commission played an important role in interpretation of conflicts in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina and their eventual settlement. The article reveals the political context of the Commission’s activities and provides a critical assessment of its activities with emphasis on incompatibility of the Commission’s recommendations with the Constitution of Yugoslavia. The Commission’s recommendations were in fact reduced to unconstitutional changes of the borders and elimination of Yugoslavia as a state. Recommendations of Badinter’s Commission resulted in a hasty international recognition of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, which became the main reason for civil wars in these two republics.
Slovak Existential Adverbs zavše, chvíľami, z času na čas on the Background of German (According to the Parallel Corpus)
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vashchenko Daria
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the Slovak temporal adverbs zavše, chvíľami and z času na čas, belonging to a group with a common meaning “sometimes”, when a repetition of a certain situation is assumed, while the number of repetitions does not seem large to the speaker. These adverbs belong to the “near periphery” of the group, they are considered in a contrastive and comparative way, against the background of the German language, which has a long history of language contacts with the Slovak language. The analysis was carried out on the basis of the Slovak-German parallel corpus, which is part of the Slovak National Corpus. Due to the fact that translations from German into Slovak are mainly represented in this subcorpus, only German incentives of Slovak dialects are involved, and not vice versa; parallel translations from a third language are not involved. It is shown that for zavše the most frequent equivalent is manchmal, as well as bisweilen / zuweilen. For the adverb z času na čas, the main German equivalents are the adverbs of the und-group; as well as Von zeit zu zeit. Manchmal appears less often as an incentive – when the situation involves a clear fixation or can be potentially specified, also if its regularity is a consequence of some other situation. The largest number of equivalents, approximately comparable in number of occurrences, includes the Slovak adverb chvíľami, which can be the translation equivalent of lexemes manchmal, bisweilen / zuweilen, von zeit zu zeit, adverbs of und-group, also adverbs zeitweilig, zeitweise, zuzeiten, kurzzeitig, zwischenzeitlich, bald, and prepositional constructions with nouns Weile and Augenblick. The contexts of the appearance of chvíľami in translation are similar: this is a situation of direct observation in the narrative mode in the past; as well as a situation of “fuzzy judgment”, when it is difficult for the speaker to uniquely characterize the situation. All this allows us to speak about a certain ethnospecificity of the Slovak chvíľami.
Incantations, Traditional Medicine and Rituals in Areal Aspect: Belarus and the Russian Northwest
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Agapkina Tatiana
Published: December 2024

The article examines some folklore and ethnographic phenomena through the prism of their geographical distribution in the European part of Eastern Slavia. Among them there are: one of the plots of the incantations against erysipelas (“There was Christ / the Virgin Mary, carried / had three roses, the third / all three died / withered / fell, etc.”), the motif of the mythological center in the incantations against snake bite, diseases called “wings” in which a person experiences unpleasant and painful sensations in the shoulder blades, and the practice of their treatment, as well as Trinity memorial rituals of graves “plowing” (sweeping) with greenery. They are all united by the fact that these phenomena are known in Belarus and in the west of European Russia, from where they spread to the Russian Northwest. These phenomena have different origins. The plot of incantations against erysipelas is found in German, Polish and Baltic traditions; the name of the disease krilishchcha unites the Belarusian tradition with the northwestern Russian and Latvian; the motif of the mythological center in incantations against snake bites is most likely of East Slavic origin, and the practice of Trinity memorial “plowing” of graves was probably initially limited to the Novgorod-Pskov-Smolensk area. The article is provided with 4 maps.
(Un)freedom in Polish Cinema during “Mature Socialism”
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Viren Denis
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of (un)freedom in Polish cinema of the 1970s, examined in two aspects. The first concerns the attitude of government officials to the censorship restrictions that existed in Polish art at that time. The official point of view is presented in the memoirs of Vice Minister of Culture Mieczysław Wojtczak. The second aspect, which interests the author to a greater extent, concerns the implicit expression of the feeling of unfreedom in a number of films of that time. They do not directly relate to the dominant “cinema of moral anxiety” movement in the second half of the decade, but rather complement it and sometimes anticipate it. These are psychological dramas where the inner world of heroes experiencing crisis situations comes to the fore. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the motive of mental illness, which appears in several works, and the locus of the medical institution associated with it. The image of the sea is emphasized, which can perform various functions on the screen: the promise of freedom, a reflection of the emotional state, imaginary liberation. Stand-out examples include the Polish-Hungarian co-production On the Road by Márta Mészáros and the animated film Journey by Daniel Szczechura, each of which in their own way reflected the sense of alienation and hopelessness that characterized the era.
Thanatopoetics of P. M. Andreevsky Prose (On the Example of the Collection of Stories “All Faces of Death” and the Novels “Wheatgrass” and “Tunnel”)
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Gavrilova Polina
Published: December 2024

The motif of death plays a major role in the prose of the classic Macedonian writer Petre M. Andreevski (1934–2006), which gives grounds for interpreting a number of his works from the point of view of thanatopoetics (a term introduced by the Austrian Slavist Aage Hansen-Löwe in the 1990s). In this article, using the example of P. M. Andreevski’s novels “Wheatgrass” (“Pirej”, 1980) and “Tunnel” (“Tunel”, 2003), and the collection of short stories “All the Faces of Death” (“Site Litsa Na Smrtta”, 1994), a set of methods and techniques for the artistic implementation of this motif is analyzed. The use of the principles of magical realism, the combination of rationalistic and mythical-magical ideas about the world left their mark on the author’s vision of death. The study of the thanatopoetics of the writer’s prose not only shows the formal organization of this motif in the writer’s work, but is also an integral part of the philosophical perception of the world. The thanatopoetics of P. Andreevsky’s prose plays an important role in the formation of the thematic and emotional content of the author’s works, reflecting his philosophical and aesthetic aspirations. Through the embodiment of the image of death, the writer seeks to understand the deep aspects of human existence. The author’s main attention is paid to the tragic events of national history, when the Macedonians demonstrated fortitude. The historical is closely intertwined with the folk: references to rituals, myths, dreams.
Sarajevo vs Zagreb in the Prose of M. Jergović
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shatko Evgeniia
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes and compares the images of two significant toposes of Jergović’s work, Sarajevo and Zagreb, based on such works as “Sarajevo Marlborough”, “Transatlantic Mail”, “Tušta I tma”, “Sarajevo. Plan grada”, “Troje na Kartal” and others. In the Jergović’s work, Sarajevo is a symbol of a lost home, and at the same time a part of his own identity, while Zagreb often appears as a hostile territory, different, alien, not ready to give place to a special Sarajevo spirit, which, however, in the author’s opinion, cannot be restored in modern post-war Sarajevo. The exceptional atmosphere of Sarajevo, according to Jergović, lies in its isolation and solitude. Despite the fact that this article mainly used works about modern times, it is suggested that the opposition of Sarajevo and Zagreb is present in almost all of M. Jergovic’s works. And if the image of Sarajevo changes, as does the author’s artistic method in depicting the besieged city, then the image of the Croatian capital remains unchanged from work to work. This opposition undoubtedly reflects the biographies of many Bosnian refugees, one of whom is the author himself.
«The Fear of God» in Late Medieval Bohemia
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Naumov Nikolay
Published: December 2024

The paper deals with the semantics of the Old-Czech terms which were used in Bohemia to define “the fear of God” during the 14th and the first third of the 15th century. The first part of the paper considers the Latin-Czech word pairs written in Klaret’s Dictionary (the 14th century). It has been shown that in the Dictionary the notion of fright (bázně) was considered as the opposite of love (milost) while Klaret did perceive the semantic-etymological connection between the notions of fear (strach) and passion (strast). In the second part of the paper a comparison between Klaret’s usage and the Old Czech translation practice of the Vulgate has been undertaken. The comparison makes evident that the original Latin terms (timor, i.e. timidity; pavor, i.e. fear; terror, i.e. nightmare) were transferred as “strach” by the translators on their own sake in case when the Latin terms expressed the feeling of a believer; in turn, the Old Czech terms of fright (bázně) and terror (hróza) mostly expressed the feelings of the unbelievers who were intimidated by God. The third part of the article deals with the usage of the theologians Thomas of Štítný and John Hus in the end of the 14th and at the threshold of the 15th century, as well as the usage of the Hussites in the 1420-ies. The term “fright of God” (bázně boží) was used by them to express the feeling of a believer while the term “fear” (strach) significated either the feeling of Non-Christians and false Christians, or the psychological obstacle that every just man is vocated to overcome. Thus, a direct controversion existed between the Old-Czech translation practice of the Vulgate and the living language of the Late Medieval Czech people.
The Сeremony of Awarding the Samara Banner to the Bulgarian Militia on May 6, 1877
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Frolova Marina
Published: December 2024

Based on a significant body of published sources, the article recreates the ceremony of awarding the Samara Banner to the 3rd squadron of the Bulgarian militia on May 6, 1877 in Ploiesti. The errors and inaccuracies of the previous historiography in the coverage of this event from the standpoint of a new research paradigm are indicated and explained, the significance of this event is definitely determined. In the early 1950s, Soviet and many Bulgarian historians, mentioning the fact of the presentation of the Samara banner, ignored the ceremony itself. When the report of E. T. Kozhevnikov and P. V. Alabin, dated May 25, 1877, was published in the collection of documents “Liberation of Bulgaria from the Turkish Yoke” (Moscow, 1964), the text about the delegates’ stay in Moscow was cut out, as well as episodes about the reception of the Samara envoys by the Commander-in-Chief, Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich (the Elder). The silence in the literature about the participation of the Commander-in-Chief in this celebration or its passing mention, as well as the silence about the reverent veneration of the Emperor and his family to the banner that lay on the relics of St. Alexis in the Chudov Monastery, reduced the status of the ritual itself, lowering it to the level of an ordinary regimental event. It was not the head of the Bulgarian militia, Major General N. G. Stoletov, but the commander-in-chief, the brother of the Emperor of Russia, who led the ceremony, which gave it a special solemnity, significance and scale, elevating it to the rank of an international event – the recognition of the Bulgarian militia, the core of the future army of the future Bulgarian state.
Letter and Note of Academician N. S. Derzhavin to the Chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR V. M. Molotov on the Development of Domestic Slavic Studies in the 1930s. (On the Origins of the Foundation of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences)
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Marney Lyudmila , Nosov Boris ,   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2024

The publication includes a letter and a note of academician Nikolaj Derzhavin, addressed to Viacheslav Molotov, the head of the Soviet government. These documents are devoted to the history of the Russian Slavic studies in the 1930s, including some methodological issues, as well as the ideology of the so-called “Slavic idea”. Derzhavin describes his own unsuccessful struggle for the foundation of the Institute of Slavic Studies as a fundamental scientific center of the Academy of sciences, which would play the role not only of the all-Soviet institution but of an international one. Now in conditions of the international crisis of 1938–1939, which caused the beginning of the Second World War, Derzhavin in his note put forward less expansive, but important tasks, which could serve as a solid basis for the foundation of the Institute of Slavic studies in the future. He proposed to launch general and special courses on the Slavic history at universities; to include the Slavic history in school programs and to organize an All-Soviet Slavic conference. Derzhavin especially stressed the principal importance of the complex learning of the Russian history and the history and culture of all Slavic nations.
The Polish January Uprising of 1863–1864 in the Lithuanian-Belarusian Lands: The Self-consciousness of the Rebel Leaders in Light of New Archival Searches
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Borisyonok Yuri
Published: December 2024

The large amount of existing scholarship on many problems related to the Polish January uprising of 1863–1864 is combined in modern historiography with the presence of controversial aspects of the topic related to self-identification of the insurgent elite in the Lithuanian-Belarusian lands. Of particular interest in this regard are the peculiarities of the personality and worldview of Konstantin Kalinovsky (1838–1864), declared by the Soviet historiographical tradition to be a “Belarusian revolutionary democrat”. The monograph by the Russian historian A. R. Dyukov, based on 16 documents previously unknown documents from the archives of Russia, Poland and Lithuania, presents an updated evidence base that allows for a more accurate assessment of the identity of the rebel leader and his connection with the Polish history, culture and religion. The author also analyzes an important problem that Soviet historians avoided for ideological reasons – the connection of the left wing of the rebels with the Polish aristocracy, including the Princes Czartoryski and the influential Oginsky family. Assistance to Kalinovsky and the rebels associated with him from the magnate Oginsky family, who possessed information about the personal life of Alexander II, was carefully concealed in St. Petersburg, including by the emperor himself.
A Generalizing Work on the European Non-territorial Autonomy
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Barinov Igor
Published: December 2024

The critical review examines the book by Austrian historian B. Kuzmany, which is devoted to the history of non-territorial autonomy in Europe. This work summarizes the experience of different countries (Russian Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Baltic States and other countries that emerged in the Interwar period) and analyzes the political, intellectual and cultural factors that influenced the development of autonomist ideas.
Urban Dreams, Literary Realities: Central and Southeastern Europe in the Labyrinth of the Written Word
Authors:   University of Sarajevo, Ibrišimović-Šabić Adijata
Published: December 2024

The review presents a collective monograph entitled “Topos of the City in Synchrony and Diachrony: Literary Paradigm of Central and South-Eastern Europe”. The monograph is devoted to the functioning of the topos of the city and urban space in literary texts using examples of selected works of the 20th and 21st centuries that thematize the space of cities-“generators of culture” (Yu. Lotman): Moscow, Minsk, Kharkiv, Warsaw, Prague, Bratislava, Sarajevo, Sofia, Budapest, Bucharest, Paris, New Orleans, New York. The work significantly expands the understanding of urban issues and the features of the poetics of space in the literatures of Central and South-Eastern Europe, introduces new conceptually systematized literary material into scientific circulation. The monograph is distinguished by an interdisciplinary approach and the use of a relevant theoretical and conceptual apparatus, which places the topic of urban space in a modern scientific context and illuminates it from a variety of viewpoints.
Polyphony of Slovenian Literary Translation: History, Theory, Practice
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Starikova Nadezhda
Published: December 2024

The review presents a research project implemented at the University of Ljubljana and the Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts and published with the support of the State Agency for Science of the Republic of Slovenia – a two-volume collective monograph devoted to the problems of national translation. The collective set itself the task to shed light on the role of translation and translators in the development of Slovenian literature, language and culture and to present an objective picture of the connections between Slovenian culture and the cultures of other peoples through the diachronic paradigm of translations both into and from Slovenian. The monograph examines national translation from two scientific angles: the first volume presents the history of the origin, formation and evolution of literary translation as one of the important components of the literary process, while the second volume contains a sociologically and culturally oriented study of the phenomenon of translation as a two-way cultural transfer. The chapters of the first volume reveal the chronology of the formation of translation activity within six historical stages: the Reformation, the Baroque and the Enlightenment, the 19th century, the interwar period, the Tito era and three decades of the independent Republic of Slovenia. The second volume contains three parts: the first presents chapters that give an idea of the exchange of literary translations with native speakers of the main Western, Slavic, as well as a number of other languages. The second chapter is devoted to two-way translations of classics (Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, Cankar, etc.) and individual literary genres, while the third contains portraits of forty-five outstanding Slovenian translators of world literature.
International Scientific Conference “Orthodoxy in the Historical Destinies of the Slavic Peoples”
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dronov Mikhail , Sloistov Sergei ,   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2024

International Conference “Orthodoxy in the Historical Destinies of the Slavic Peoples”, September 3, 2024.
International Scientific Conference “Woman in Politics, Culture and History in the Yugoslav and Post-Yugoslav Space”
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pilko Nadezhda , Lobacheva Yulia ,   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2024

International Conference “Woman in Politics, Culture and History in the Yugoslav and Post-Yugoslav Space”, September 17, 2024.
A Review and Comparative Study of Cloud Computing and the Internet of Things
Authors:   Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computing, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan, Afzaal Rabia , Ul Haq Hafiz Burhan ,   Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computing, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
Published: December 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing are two distinct ideas that are impacting our lives in various ways and will continue to be utilized and emphasized in the future of the Internet. These two ideas are combined and compared in this study. IoT and cloud computing have received independent attention in numerous research. However, these studies do not go deep enough into its combination which gives rise to new problems. IoT is experiencing increasing development as the next Internet evolution. IoT allows billions of devices to interact with each other and assign more value to our daily lives. In this paper, we present a literature review of cloud computing and IoT. First, we examine the fundamentals of cloud computing and IoT. Then, we talk about how they complement one another and what are their main differences. IoT can greatly benefit from the abundance of resources found in the cloud.
Nonclassical and Nonlinear Stability Analysis of Viscous Fluidic Piezoelectric Biomedical Nanosensor
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Islamic Republic of Iran, Hashemi Kachapi Sayyid Habibollah , Hashemi Kachabi Sayyideh Gh. ,   Department of Physics, University of Kashan, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
Published: December 2024

In this paper, nonlinear vibration and stability analysis of viscous fluidic piezoelectric biomedical nanosensor (VFBNS‎) based on cylindrical nanoshell is investigated using the electro-elastic Gurtin–Murdoch surface/interface (S/I) theory. This piezoelectric nanoresonator is simultaneously subjected to visco-pasternak medium, electrostatic and harmonic excitations. The Hamilton’s principle, the assumed mode method combined with Euler – Lagrange and also Complex averaging method combined with arc-length method are used to achieve the governing equations, boundary conditions and also the effect of different material, structural and excitations parameters on dimensionless natural frequency (DNF) (undamped and damped , critical fluid velocity, nonlinear vibration and stability analysis of piezoelectric biomedical nanosensor. It is shown that the fluid velocity has major unpredictable effects on parametric studies of the system and one should precisely consider their effects. Also, it is concluded that ignoring the surface /interface effects leads to inaccurate results in vibrational response of the VFBNS‎. By changing the surface/interface parameters, the system stiffness is changed leading to nonlinear behavior of the system, which can be more or less pronounced compared to the case without the S/I effects accounted for. The obtained results of this study are useful for designing of nano/micro electro mechanical system and other nano-/micro-smart structures.
A Comprehensive Review of Federated Learning Applications in Medical Image Analysis in Shenzhen, China: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions (2018-2024)
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhang Zhijun , Qian Ling
Published: December 2024

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a transformative approach in medical image analysis, enabling collaborative model training while ensuring the privacy of sensitive patient data. This review explores the integration of FL in medical imaging applications, particularly in Shenzhen, China, from 2018 to 2024. FL facilitates decentralized data processing, allowing healthcare institutions to collaborate without sharing private medical information, thus enhancing diagnostic accuracy and improving patient outcomes. The review also discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which accelerated the adoption of FL in urgent health scenarios. Despite its promising potential, the implementation of FL in medical imaging faces challenges, including legal and ethical concerns related to data privacy, technical hurdles in model deployment, and infrastructure limitations. The paper highlights future directions for FL, such as the integration of blockchain, hybrid models, and advanced data preprocessing techniques, which could further improve the security, scalability, and applicability of FL in healthcare. As technology continues to evolve, FL is expected to play a key role in reshaping the landscape of medical imaging and data-driven healthcare practices.
Interpretability on agile machine learning models for hydrological predictions: A case study in the mega-disaster in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in May 4 2024
Authors: Satolo Luiz , Silva Larissa , Ozelim Luan , Soares Jaqueline , Correia Matheus , Escobar-Silva Elton , Lima Glauston , Pineda Luz , Santos Leonardo
Published: December 2024

In May 2024, the region of the Rio Grande do Sul state experienced one of the worst floods in Brazilian history, affecting millions and causing severe damage to infrastructure. This study applies an agile hydrological forecasting approach using methods from traditional time-series models, such as ARIMA and SARIMA, and machine learning (ML) models, such as ElasticNet and LASSO. Data from streamflow monitoring stations were used to predict water levels at different lead times. The results showed that SARIMA consistently ranked among the top-performing models, while ElasticNet and LASSO demonstrated competitive performance among the ML methods. To enhance interpretability, Permutation Importance and Accumulated Local Effects were applied, highlighting the significance of autoregressive terms and upstream hydrological conditions. These findings underscore the potential of integrating traditional and ML methods in an agile approach to adaptive flood risk forecasting.
Automating the Assessment of Collaborative Engagement Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Jeitziner Loris , Paneth Lisa , Rack Oliver , Zahn Carmen , Wulff Dirk U.
Published: December 2024

This study explores the use of natural language processing to automate the evaluation of collaborative group engagement in collaborative learning settings. We evaluated two approaches involving large-language models (LLMs) and a set of interpretable linguistic markers to predict the four dimensions---behavioral, social, cognitive, and conceptual-to-consequential engagement---of the quality of collaborative group engagement (QCGE) model. Analyzing conversation transcripts from three-person student groups engaged in a computer-supported collaborative design task produced four major findings. First, natural language processing successfully predicted out-of-sample about 10\% of variance in collaborative engagement, suggesting that assessment can be automated. Second, interpretable linguistic markers explained more of this variance than did ratings from an intransparent LLM. Third, the best linguistic markers were not specifically related to any individual dimension of QCGE, suggesting a common core of collaborative engagement. Fourth, the QCGE's manual rating model was limited due to its lack of granularity and insensitivity to natural variability in engagement. Overall, our analysis demonstrates both how natural language processing approaches can be leveraged to successfully automate the assessment of collaborative engagement and how these approaches can reveal key insights into the drivers of collaborative engagement.
Bayes factors cannot provide evidence for the null hypothesis
Authors: Fields Eric C
Published: December 2024

It is becoming increasingly common in the psychology and neuroscience literature to use Bayes factors to provide evidence in favor of the null hypothesis. The most common approach reports a Bayes factor that compares the null hypothesis to a “default” alternative. This approach can show that the data is more likely to have been generated under the null hypothesis than under the specific alternative tested, but it cannot provide evidence for the absence of an effect. In fact, analyses using “default” alternatives can return evidence in favor of the null hypothesis when the data is consistent with medium to large effects. I show that common interpretations of these Bayes factor analyses are misleading, and I provide examples and simulations that help to understand what a Bayes factor in favor of the null does and does not tell us. I argue that Bayes factors have no special ability to help us understand null effects when compared to frequentist methods such as equivalence testing and confidence intervals.
The Target of a Protest: Are Extreme Protests Perceived More Negatively When the Target Is Deemed Undeserving?
Authors: Nylund Jarren Lloyd
Published: December 2024

Factions of the climate movement sometimes advocate for escalating their tactics, and engage in disruptive mass civil disobedience in the effort to pressure governments to act on anthropogenic climate change. However, this disruptive action can often affect the general public, or other entities not directly responsible for the issue. Previous research on “the activist's dilemma” has demonstrated that extreme protest actions can erode public support for a movement (Feinberg et al., 2020). The present research proposes that this impact could be intensified when the protest behaviour affects people who are deemed as undeserving. Participants (N = 367) based in the United Kingdom (UK) were presented with a mock BBC news article about a climate protest. The protest behaviour was manipulated to be either moderate or extreme and the protest target was manipulated to be either deserving (i.e., a fossil fuel corporation and its staff) or undeserving (i.e., a shopping centre and the general public). Findings demonstrated that when the protest target was undeserving, participants perceived the protest behaviour to be more immoral, felt less emotional connection and social identification with the activists, and supported the movement less, compared to when the protest target was deserving. The protest target also moderated the effect of protest extremity, such that extreme protests were considered more immoral than moderate protests, and this effect was amplified when the protest target was undeserving. These findings suggest that climate protests which target the general public—or any entity perceived as undeserving of being affected by a protest—will be perceived more negatively and lead to lower support for the climate movement than protests which target those deemed more directly responsible for the issue of climate change.
Factors Influencing Employee Turnover in the Hotel Industry in Chitwan
Authors: Giri Sushmita , Dhungana Govinda Prasad
Published: December 2024

Employee turnover is a critical issue in the hotel industry, posing significant financial and operational challenges, particularly due to the sector's higher turnover rates compared to other industries. This study aims to identify key factors influencing turnover intentions, such as working environment, career growth opportunities, compensation, and job satisfaction. A quantitative research design was employed to identify the factors influencing employee turnover. The study population consisted of staff from tourist-standard hotels registered with the Regional Hotel Association of Nepal (RHAN). Twelve hotels were selected by convenience sampling, and 180 questionnaires were distributed, with 100 completed responses, resulting in a 55.5% response rate.  The findings revealed that job satisfaction had a significant negative impact on turnover intentions, while other factors like working environment, career growth, and compensation were not statistically significant predictors. The study concludes that improving job satisfaction is essential to reducing turnover. The implication of this study is that managers or owners should prioritize initiatives to enhance job satisfaction as a strategic approach to reducing employee turnover intentions.
Assessment of Micronutrients and Toxic Elements in Rice Grains: Implications for Food Safety and Nutrition
Authors: Pokhrel Galaxy , Silwal Sachin , Thapa Sabi , Giri Swikar , Mahato Ajaya , Adhikari Bishisha , Bagale Shiva , Bhattarai Bodhbabu , Pokhrel Ganga Raj
Published: December 2024

The complete assessment of micronutrient and toxic elements (Cu, Mo, Sn, Cr, Ni, Zn and Pb) in rice grains and implications for food safety and nutrition is still not understood clearly. Pot experiments were designed to grow the two rice cultivars namely MH63 and LYMZ. For the accurate determination of the micronutrient elements and toxic element, here we used microwave assisted digestion for sample preparation and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the determination. Good linearity was maintained over the range studied with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.999-1.0. This work focused on evaluating these elements in two rice cultivars MH63 and LYMZ. The micronutrient elements and toxic element in the bran and kernel of both the cultivars  were detected below the permitted level set by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States/ World Health Organization(FAO/ WHO). Large portion of the micronutrient elements and toxic elements remain in the bran, very small amounts in the ppb levels remain in the kernel. The translocation of zinc into bran is highest among other nutrient elements. The load of nutrient element copper in the bran of both cultivars remains similar, i.e., 0.006g/kg whereas the toxic element lead in the bran of both cultivar lies below 0.008g/kg. The nutrient element zinc in the kernel of Lymz remains 0.066g/kg where as in MH63 is 0.025g/kg. Nutritionally essential trace element chromium in the kernel of both cultivars lies below 0.004g/kg (1mg/day tolerable limit). The concentration of nutrient elements in two rice cultivars were found to be very close to the minimum levels recommended by Food and agriculture organization (FAO). Thus, the nutrient quality of the rice grain depends on the status of soil, micronutrient element and toxic element concentrations in the permitted range of FAO/ WHO guideline.
Comparative Study of Intensity and Pitch of Sounds of Some Domestic Animals and Birds
Authors: Adhikari S.K. , Adhikari N.P. , Aryal R. K.
Published: December 2024

Sound serves as a versatile form of communication. Animals and birds utilize sound for various purposes, including communication, marking territory, hunting prey, alerting others to danger, and attracting mates. Research into the sound analysis of some domestic animals and birds has become a prominent field of study. This study aims to determine the intensity and pitch of sounds produced by domestic animals and birds. Primary data was collected using a SONY IC RECORDER, and the sounds were analyzed for intensity and pitch with PRAAT software. Experimentally, it found that the mean intensity values for animal sounds ranged from 53.98 dB to 83.14 dB, with an average of 72.80 dB, while the mean pitch values ranged from 80.38 Hz to 841.74 Hz, averaging at 431.70 Hz. In contrast, the mean intensity for bird sounds spanned from 63.08 dB to 81.01 dB, averaging 73.08 dB, and the mean pitch values ranged from 299.17 Hz to 2145.00 Hz, with an average of 1214.93 Hz. The comparison of average mean values for intensity and pitch yielded ratios of 1.01 and 2.81, respectively. This indicates that, on average, the intensity of bird sounds is slightly higher than that of animal sounds, while their pitch values are significantly higher. Such findings contribute to identifying distinct pitch ranges and intensity levels among various birds and animals.
Adaptive Reuse of Existing Buildings: Contemporary Relevance
Authors: Dotel Nischal
Published: December 2024

Adaptive Reuse (AR) is repurposing the existing buildings by making changes in the architecture accordingly. It is one of the most efficient construction techniques. The building construction takes a big amount of money and time as well as making a credible impact on the environment. This paper aims to conclude the contemporary relevance of this method in terms of sustainability. With the help of a qualitative research methodology, this study focuses on examining the overall relevance of Adaptive Reuse as a sustainable approach to civil engineering constructions. Several implications of repurposing around the world have been studied to come up with an understanding of the modern relevance of AR. Based on the case study of several repurposed buildings, and a site observation the relevance and suitability of this method is concluded in this paper. Adaptive Reuse can be even more efficient if factors like structural integrity and historical credibility are considered. Maintaining the originality of buildings by using similar materials and renovating buildings to match the original theme of the buildings can help to preserve the historic architectural value along with meeting contemporary requirements. Proper structural treatment should also be applied to further increase the lifespan of the building. The structural treatment may include adding new structural members or repairing the existing ones.
सुँडी दमिनी कथामा जाति, र पर्यावरण
Authors: गिरी राजेन्द्र
Published: December 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख महेशविक्रम शाह (२०२२) को ‘‘सुँडी दमिनी’ कथाको जाति, क्षणस्तुत लेख महेशविक्रम शाह (२०२२) को ‘‘सुँडी दमिनी’ कथाको जाति, क्षण र पर्यावरणमा आधारित छ । यो फ्रान्सेली हिप्पोली अडोल्फ टेनको साहित्यिक समाजशास्त्रीय विश्लेषणको आधारमध्ये एक हो । यिनको हिस्ट्री अफ इङ्लिस लिट्रेचर नामक  ग्रन्थबाट साहित्यको समाजशास्त्रीय अध्ययन परम्पराको प्रारम्भ भएको हो । यिनले साहित्यलाई समाजका बारेमा थाहा पाउने मूलस्रोत मानेका छन् । यिनले समाजशास्त्रीय अध्ययन पद्धतिअन्तर्गत जाति, क्षण र पर्यावरणसम्बन्धी सिद्धान्त प्रस्तुत गरेका छन् । यस कथामा महेशविक्रम शाहले सुदूरपश्चिमको ग्रामीण परिवेशलाई चित्रण गरेका छन् । यस कथाको मुख्य पात्र सुढी दमिनीले भोगेका सङ्घर्षमय जीवनको यथार्थ चित्रण गरिएको छ । कथामा वितरित घटनाक्रमका आधारमा समान र भिन्न नश्लील सम्बन्ध समेटिएको पाइन्छ । यस कथामा परिवार, समाज र संस्कृति आदिको स्त्री पात्र सुँडी दमिनीलाई दुःखपूर्ण जीवनयापन गर्न बाध्य बनाइएको छ । नेपाली पहाडी जीवनको भूगोलमा कथा निर्माण भएकाले आर्थिकअनुसार खानपिन फरक रहेको पाइन्छ । कथाको कालखण्ड हेर्दा आजभन्दा पचास वर्षअघि भन्ने आधार भेटिन्छन् । यस कथामा मानिसहरूको आर्थिक अवस्था मिश्रित रहेको जीवनपद्धति भेटिन्छ । कथाकारले यस कथामा सुँडी दमिनीका माध्यमबाट पश्चिम नेपालको यथार्थ चित्रण गरेका छन् । नेपालको आर्थिक, सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक र धार्मिक अवस्थाले मानवीय जीवन सङ्कटग्रस्त बनाएकोले हिप्पोली अडोल्फ टेनको सैद्धान्तिक मान्यताका आधारमा यस कथाको समाजशास्त्रीय विश्लेषण गरिएको छ ।
Prediction of Earthquakes in Nepal and the Adjoining Regions Using LSTM
Authors: Aryal Manoj , Tiwari Ram Krishna , Paudyal Harihar
Published: December 2024

This study applies Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to predict earthquake magnitudes in the frequently earthquake-affected Himalayan country Nepal and the adjoining region. The seismic data on the mb scale, from September 1964 to August 2024, were taken from the International Seismological Centre (ISC) catalogue, spanning rectangular boundary of latitudes 26.30°N to 30.50°N and longitudes 80.00°E to 88.30°E. The methodology involved extensive data preprocessing, feature engineering, and the implementation of a deep learning model. The LSTM network demonstrated moderate predictive power, achieving a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.2789, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.3728, and coefficient of determination (R²) score of 0.4294. The model effectively captured overall seismic trends and showed consistent performance over time. A limitation of the model is its tendency to predict magnitudes within the range of 3.5 to 5.0, resulting in the underestimation of strong earthquakes and slight overestimation of weaker ones.
Isolation of Bacteriophage Against the Drug Resistant Clinical Pathogens and Host Range Analysis
Authors: Khadka Kundan , Chaturwedi Shashi Bhusan , Malla Rajani , Chaudhary Richa
Published: December 2024

Antibiotic crisis is a major challenge being encountered by the global population as a result of development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Thus, shifting the focus to explore alternative methods to treat bacterial infection. Bacteriophage, the natural predator of the bacteria is one of those alternatives. This study is aimed to isolate bacteriophages from different types of water samples which are capable of infecting drug-resistant clinical isolates and understand its host range capacity. The isolation of bacteriophage was done by Double Layer Agar Assay (DLAA) from 3 different water samples i.e sewage sample from Bagmati and ALKA hospital and from Lele river water. For the isolation of phage, host organisms used were Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) E. coli and K. oxytoca resistant to Amoxyclav, Cefotaxime, Ciproflaxcin, Erythromycin, and Nalidixic Acid. Phage against E. coli II was isolated from both sewage samples while K. oxytoca phage was isolated from Bagamti sewage only. Phage could not be isolated against E. coli I and K. oxytoca phage could not be sub cultured as no plaques were formed on sub culturing and it showed temperate properties. The host range analysis of E. coli II phage showed that the phage has narrow host range as it did not formed plaques against bacteria of other genera. This indicates that sewage is the best source for discovery of phage and the isolated bacteriophage are capable of lytic activity on MDR bacterial isolates. Even though the isolated bacteriophage has potential to be used in phage therapy, still further research should be done for its application.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 12(4): 201-206.
Assessment Of Drought Tolerance in Different Rice Genotypes During Germination and Early Growth Stages by Using Polyethylene Glycol-6000
Authors: Limbu Anka Kumari , Dhami Arati , Rawal Janak Singh , RC Puspa , Mandal Ashmita , Awasthi Renu , Adhikari Janak
Published: December 2024

Rice is a crucial staple food for over half of the global population, particularly in Southeast Asia. However, rice production is increasingly affected by biotic and abiotic stresses, including drought, exacerbated by global climate change. This study explored the effects of negative osmotic pressure induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) on rice seed germination and growth traits. The experiment was conducted at Gokuleshwor Agriculture and Animal Science College Laboratory, Baitadi, Nepal, using four rice varieties: Black rice, Subha mansuli, Hardinath-4, and Rato basmati. Four osmotic potentials (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6 MPa) were applied under controlled conditions. Data on seed germination, root length, shoot length, root-to-shoot ratio, and vigor index were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and LSD tests. Results showed significant differences among rice genotypes and PEG treatments. Rato basmati exhibited the highest germination percentage (78.27%), root length (4.44 cm), shoot length (4.44 cm), and vigor index (718.78), even at -0.6 MPa osmotic potential, indicating superior drought tolerance. Increasing PEG-induced osmotic stress reduced germination and seedling growth across all genotypes. However, Rato basmati’s better performance under -0.6 MPa suggests it as a drought-tolerant genotype, making it a potential candidate for future drought-tolerance breeding programs in rice.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 12(4): 194-200.