bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QCD anatomy of photon isolation
Authors: Becher Thomas , Favrod Samuel , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: January 2023

Abstract

To separate the energetic photons produced in hard scattering processes from those from other sources, measurements impose isolation requirements which restrict the hadronic radiation inside a cone around the photon. In this paper, we perform a detailed factorization analysis of the QCD effects associated with photon isolation. We show that for small cone radius R, photon isolation effects can be captured by a fragmentation function describing the decay of a parton into a photon accompanied by hadronic radiation. We compute this fragmentation function for different isolation criteria and solve the associated renormalization group equations to resum logarithms of R. For small isolation energy, the cone fragmentation function factorizes further, into collinear functions describing energetic quarks and gluons near the cone boundary and functions encoding their soft radiation emitted into the cone. Based on this factorization we also resum the non-global logarithms of the ratio of the photon energy and the isolation energy, so that we control all logarithmically enhanced terms in the cross section. In this limit, we provide a simple formula to convert NNLO cross section results from smooth-cone isolation to fixed-cone isolation.
Anisotropic flows into black holes
Authors: Caceres Elena , Shashi Sanjit
Published: January 2023

Abstract

We consider anisotropic black holes in the context of holographic renormalization group (RG) flows. We construct an a-function that is stationary at the boundary and the horizon and prove that it is also monotonic in both the exterior and the interior of the black hole. In spite of the reduced symmetry, we find that the “radial” null energy condition is sufficient to ensure the existence of this monotonic a-function. After constructing the a-function, we explore a holographic anisotropic p-wave superfluid state as a concrete example and numerical testing grounds. In doing so, we find that the a-function exhibits nontrivial oscillations in the trans-IR regime while preserving monotonicity. We find evidence that such oscillations appear to drive the trans-IR flow into nontrivial fixed points. We conclude by briefly discussing how our work fits into both the broader program of holographic RG flow and quantum information approaches to probing the black hole interior.
Joint statistics of cosmological constant and SUSY breaking in flux vacua with nilpotent Goldstino
Authors: Cicoli Michele , Licheri Matteo , Maharana Anshuman , Singh Kajal , Sinha Kuver
Published: January 2023

Abstract

We obtain the joint distribution of the gravitino mass and the cosmological constant in KKLT and LVS models with anti-D3 brane uplifting described via the nilpotent goldstino formalism. Moduli stabilisation (of both complex structure and Kähler moduli) is incorporated so that we sample only over points corresponding to vacua. Our key inputs are the distributions of the flux superpotential, the string coupling and the hierarchies of warped throats. In the limit of zero cosmological constant, we find that both in KKLT and LVS the distributions are tilted favourably towards lower scales of supersymmetry breaking.
Intrauterine botulinum toxin A administration promotes endometrial regeneration mediated by IGFBP3-dependent OPN proteolytic cleavage in thin endometrium
Authors: Lee Danbi , Ahn Jungho , Koo Hwa Seon , Kang Youn-Jung
Published: January 2023

Adequate endometrial growth is a critical factor for successful embryo implantation and pregnancy maintenance. We previously reported the efficacy of intrauterine administration of botulinum toxin A (BoTA) in improving the endometrial angiogenesis and the rates of embryo implantation. Here, we further evaluated its potent therapeutic effects on the uterine structural and functional repair and elucidated underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms. This study demonstrated that a murine model of thin endometrium was successfully established by displaying dramatically decreased endometrial thickness and the rates of embryo implantation compared to normal endometrium. Interestingly, the expressions of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) and an active 35 kDa-form of osteopontin (OPN) were significantly reduced in thin endometrium, which were almost fully restored by intrauterine BoTA administration. Neutralization of BoTA-induced IGFBP3 subsequently suppressed proteolytic cleavage of OPN, exhibiting un-recovered endometrial thickness even in the presence of BoTA administration, suggesting that BoTA-induced endometrial regeneration might be mediated by IGFBP3-dependent OPN proteolytic cleavage. Our findings suggest that intrauterine BoTA administration improves the endometrial environment in our murine model with thin endometrium by increasing endometrial receptivity and angiogenesis in a manner dependent on the regulatory effect of IGFBP3 on OPN proteolytic cleavage, proposing BoTA as an efficient therapeutic strategy for the patients with thin endometrium.
Decay for strain gradient porous elastic waves
Authors: Baldonedo Jacobo , Fernández José R. , Magaña Antonio , Quintanilla Ramón
Published: January 2023

We study the one-dimensional problem for the linear strain gradient porous elasticity. Our aim is to analyze the behavior of the solutions with respect to the time variable when a dissipative structural mechanism is introduced in the system. We consider five different scenarios: hyperviscosity and viscosity for the displacement component and hyperviscoporosity, viscoporosity and weak viscoporosity for the porous component. We only apply one of these mechanisms at a time. We obtain the exponential decay of the solutions in the case of viscosity and a similar result for the viscoporosity. Nevertheless, in the hyperviscosity case (respectively hyperviscoporosity) the decay is slow and it can be controlled at least by$$t^{-1/2}$$t-1/2. Slow decay is also expected for the weak viscoporosity in the generic case, although a particular combination of the constitutive parameters leads to the exponential decay. We want to emphasize the fact that the hyperviscosity (respectively hyperviscoporosity) is a stronger dissipative mechanism than the viscosity (respectively viscoporosity); however, in this situation, the second mechanism seems to be more “efficient” than the first one in order to pull along the solutions rapidly to zero. This is a striking fact that we have not seen previously at any other linear coupling system. Finally, we also present some numerical simulations by using the finite element method and the Newmark-$$\beta $$βscheme to show the behavior of the energy decay of the solutions to the above problems, including a comparison between the hyperviscosity and the viscosity cases.
Autologous semitendinosus meniscus graft significantly improves knee joint kinematics and the tibiofemoral contact after complete lateral meniscectomy
Authors: Seitz Andreas M. , Leiprecht Janina , Schwer Jonas , Ignatius Anita , Reichel Heiko , Kappe Thomas
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of a doubled semitendinosus (ST) and a single gracilis tendon (GT) lateral meniscus autograft to restore the knee joint kinematics and tibiofemoral contact after total lateral meniscectomy (LMM).

Methods

Fourteen human knee joints were tested intact, after LMM and after ST and GT meniscus autograft treatment under an axial load of 200 N during full range of motion (0°–120°) and four randomised loading situations: without external moments, external rotation, valgus stress and a combination of external rotation and valgus stress using a knee joint simulator. Non-parametric statistical analyses were performed on joint kinematics and on the tibiofemoral contact mechanics.

Results

LMM led to significant rotational instability of the knee joints (p < 0.02), which was significantly improved after ST autograft application (p < 0.04), except for knee joint flexions > 60°. The GT autograft failed to restore the joint kinematics. LMM significantly increased the tibiofemoral contact pressure (p < 0.03), while decreasing the contact area (p < 0.05). The ST autograft was able to restore the contact mechanics after LMM (p < 0.02), while the GT replacement displayed only an improvement trend.

Conclusion

The doubled ST lateral meniscus autograft improved the knee joint kinematics significantly and restored the tibiofemoral contact mechanics almost comparable to the native situation. Thus, from a biomechanical point of view, ST meniscus autografts might be a potential treatment alternative for patients who are indicated for meniscus allograft transplantation.
Multistability for a Reduced Nematic Liquid Crystal Model in the Exterior of 2D Polygons
Authors: Han Yucen , Majumdar Apala
Published: January 2023

We study nematic equilibria in an unbounded domain, with a two-dimensional regular polygonal hole with K edges, in a reduced Landau–de Gennes framework. This complements our previous work on the “interior problem” for nematic equilibria confined inside regular polygons (SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, 80(4):1678-1703, 2020). The two essential dimensionless model parameters are $$\lambda $$
λ
-the ratio of the edge length of polygon hole to the nematic correlation length, and an additional degree of freedom, $$\gamma ^*$$

γ
∗

-the nematic director at infinity. In the $$\lambda \rightarrow 0$$

λ
→
0

limit, the limiting profile has two interior point defects outside a generic polygon hole, except for a triangle and a square. For a square hole, the limiting profile has either no interior defects or two line defects depending on $$\gamma ^*$$

γ
∗

, and for a triangular hole, there is a unique interior point defect outside the hole. In the $$\lambda \rightarrow \infty $$

λ
→
∞

limit, there are at least $$\left( {\begin{array}{c}K\\ 2\end{array}}\right) $$

K

2

stable states and the multistability is enhanced by $$\gamma ^*$$

γ
∗

, compared to the interior problem. Our work offers new insights into how to tune the existence, location, and dimensionality of defects.
Characterization of shock-induced panel flutter with simultaneous use of DIC and PIV
Authors: D’Aguanno A. , Quesada Allerhand P. , Schrijer F. F. J. , van Oudheusden B. W.
Published: January 2023

In this experimental study, panel flutter induced by an impinging oblique shockwave is investigated at a freestream Mach number of 2, using the combination of planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) and stereographic digital image correlation (DIC) to obtain simultaneous full-field structural displacement and flow velocity measurements. High-speed cameras are employed to obtain a time-resolved description of the panel motion and the shockwave-boundary layer interaction (SWBLI). In order to prevent interference between the PIV and DIC systems, an optical isolation is implemented using fluorescent paint, dedicated light sources, and camera lens filters. The effect of the panel motion on the SWBLI behavior is assessed, by comparing it with the SWBLI on a rigid wall. The results show that panel oscillations occur with a maximum amplitude of ten times the panel thickness. The dominant frequencies observed in the panel oscillation (424 Hz and 1354 Hz) match the main spectral content of the reflected shockwave position. A further POD analysis of the panel displacement spatial distribution shows that these two frequency contributions are well captured by the first two POD modes, which correspond, respectively, to a first and a third bending mode shape and account for 92% of the total oscillation energy. The fluid-structure coupling is studied by identifying, in the flow, the regions of maximum correlation between the panel displacement and the flow velocity fluctuations. The results obtained prove that the inviscid flow region upstream of the SWBLI is perfectly in phase with the panel oscillation, while the downstream region has a delay of one quarter of the flutter cycle.
Prognostic impact of resting full-cycle ratio and diastolic non-hyperemic pressure ratios in patients with deferred revascularization
Authors: Halbach Marcel , Ameskamp Christopher , Mauri Victor , Ernst Angela , Lake Philipp , Nienaber Stephan , Baldus Stephan , Adam Matti , Wienemann Hendrik
Published: January 2023

Background

Non-hyperemic pressure ratios (NHPRs) like resting full-cycle ratio (RFR), diastolic pressure ratio during entire diastole (dPR[entire]) and diastolic pressure ratio during wave-free period (dPR[WFP]) are increasingly used to guide revascularization. The effect of NHPRs on mid-term prognosis has not been well established.

Objective

We investigated the prognostic implications of NHRPs in patients whose revascularization was deferred based on fractional flow reserve (FFR) in a single-centre population.

Methods

NHPRs and FFR were calculated offline from pressure tracings by an independent core laboratory. Follow-up data were acquired through records of hospital visits or telephone interviews. The primary outcome was a vessel-oriented composite outcome (VOCO) (a composite of cardiac death, vessel-related myocardial infarction, and ischemia-driven revascularization) in deferred vessels at 2 years.

Results

316 patients with 377 deferred lesions were analysed. Discordance of NHPRs and FFR was found in 13.0–18.3% of lesions. The correlation coefficient between NHPRs was 0.99 (95% confidence interval 0.99–1.00). At 2 years, VOCO occurred in 19 lesions (5.0%). Estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 [hazard ratio (HR) 5.7, p = 0.002], previous myocardial infarction (HR 3.3, p = 0.018), diabetes (HR 2.7, p = 0.042), RFR ≤ 0.89 (HR 2.7, p = 0.041) and dPR[WFP] ≤ 0.89 (HR 2.7, p = 0.049) were associated with higher incidence of VOCO at 2 years in the univariable analysis. A non-significant trend was found for dPR[entire] (HR 1.9, p = 0.26).

Conclusion

A positive RFR or dPR[WFP] were associated with a worse prognosis in deferred lesions, suggesting that the use of NHPRs in addition to FFR may improve risk estimation.

Graphical abstract
Analysis of severe hand trauma injury frequency during “Munich’s Oktoberfest” within the last 9 years in comparison to years with absence due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Haas-Lützenberger Elisabeth M. , Kuhlmann Constanze , Giunta Riccardo E. , Kanz Karl-Georg , Steinbrunner Dieter , Rittberg Wendelin , Bogner-Flatz Viktoria , Hinzmann Dominik
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Within its 2 week period, the Oktoberfest attracts around 6 million visitors yearly to Munich, Germany. Due to alcohol intake, congested halls, and disorderly activities, numerous accidents occur. Although many hand injuries are observed, the impact of Oktoberfest on severe hand trauma injury frequency is under investigated.

Materials and methods

Data from the regional emergency medical service (EMS) was analyzed over a 9 year period regarding the frequency of severe hand injuries during the world’s largest fair and compared to the corresponding period in the years 2020 and 2021 where the event was cancelled due to the world-wide COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we compared the patient numbers during the same period in one Emergency Department of a level-1-trauma and hand trauma center located close to the venue.

Results

An exploratory description is made from data collected over a 9 year period (2013–2021) with focus on hand injuries before, during and after the “Oktoberfest”. A total of 4017 hand injuries were allocated to hospitals by EMS. There was an increase in severe hand injuries by 66% during the 2-weeks-Oktoberfest-period compared to years where the Oktoberfest did not take place. Pre-pandemic statistics show an increasing severe hand trauma frequency of 57.5% in September, compared to EMS-referrals during the remanding year.

Conclusion

The risk of injuring relevant structures of the hand during Oktoberfest is extremely high as compared to other parts of the body due to beer stein and fall-associated injuries. These injuries can lead to lifelong impairments. Our data are the first that quantifies and pinpoints the risk of severe injury to the hand during Oktoberfest and therefore, it is of great interest for visitors, hand surgeons, paramedics and emergency department healthcare workers.
Clinical evaluation of a new technique for custom-made spacers in septic two-stage revision of total hip arthroplasties
Authors: Mederake Moritz , Hofmann Ulf Krister , Fink Bernd
Published: January 2023

Introduction

In septic two-stage revision surgery, success depends on numerous factors. Key steps are the procedure of ex- and reimplantation and the choice of spacer in the interim phase. The latter is still a matter of debate. Recently, we showed the microbial non-inferiority of a spacer technique using prosthetic cemented implants with an individualized antibiotic mixture in the cement applying a mechanically inferior cementation method. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical results of these spacers in view of either an endofemoral or a transfemoral procedure.

Materials and methods

Our collective consisted of 86 patients (45 endofemoral and 41 transfemoral procedures). The collective was analyzed with respect to complications, reinfection rate and clinical status at the end of the interim phase. Results of an endofemoral and transfemoral approach were compared.

Results

With a median Staffelstein-Score of 60 (range 31–81) at the end of the interim phase, the first clinical results are promising. The reinfection-free rate after a median follow-up of 50 months was 90%. Spacer-related complications occurred in 8% of the total collective. Comparing the endo- and transfemoral procedure, there were no statistical differences in complications or regarding the clinical and infectiological outcome.

Conclusions

In this study, we were able to show good clinical results for the presented spacer technique. With no relevant difference in outcome, the decision for an endofemoral or transfemoral technique can be based on technical deliberations. Further prospective comparative studies are necessary to show the clinical benefit of this procedure.
Impact of social exclusion on empathy in women with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Graumann Livia , Cho An Bin , Kulakova Eugenia , Deuter Christian Eric , Wolf Oliver T. , Roepke Stefan , Hellmann-Regen Julian , Otte Christian , Wingenfeld Katja
Published: January 2023

Unstable interpersonal relationships and fear of abandonment are core symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) that often intensify during stress. Psychosocial stress, which includes components of social exclusion and increases cortisol secretion, enhances emotional empathy in healthy individuals. Women with BPD, on the contrary, react with reduced emotional empathy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of perceived social exclusion without accompanying cortisol increase on empathy in women with BPD and healthy women. To induce social exclusion, we randomized 98 women with BPD and 98 healthy women to either an exclusion or an overinclusion (control) condition of Cyberball, a virtual ball game. Subsequently, participants underwent the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET), which assesses cognitive and emotional empathy. There was no increase in cortisol release after Cyberball. Cognitive empathy did not differ between groups or conditions. Women with BPD reported lower emotional empathy for positive emotions (group by valence interaction), but not for negative emotions. Exploratory analyses suggested that this effect might be more pronounced after social exclusion. Our results confirm previous findings that cognitive empathy does not differ between women with BPD and healthy women and extend this evidence to social exclusion. Emotional empathy in women with BPD seems to be more sensitive to the effects of stress or ambiguous social situations. Specifically, emotional empathy seems to be reduced for positive emotions, and might further decline after social exclusion. Empathic reactions to emotional stimuli of different valences and to specific emotions should be further investigated.
Self-esteem in stabilized individuals with chronic schizophrenia: association with residual symptoms and cognitive functioning
Authors: Hofer Alex , Biedermann Falko , Kaufmann Alexandra , Kemmler Georg , Pfaffenberger Nicole M. , Yalcin-Siedentopf Nursen
Published: January 2023

Low self-esteem is regarded as a barrier to recovery from schizophrenia and the identification of factors affecting this psychological characteristic may help to implement effective therapeutic interventions. To this end, the present study aimed to assess whether residual symptoms of the disorder and performance on a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery might differently impact self-esteem among 70 stabilized outpatients with chronic schizophrenia from public outpatient mental health services. Self-esteem inter-correlated with the severity of overall symptomatology, affective and negative symptoms, with premorbid intelligence, and with performance in the domains of verbal learning and memory, visual memory, working memory, and verbal fluency. Residual affective symptoms, premorbid intelligence, and female sex predicted poorer self-esteem in multiple linear regression analysis. The findings of this study implicate that next to psychological interventions therapeutic strategies that specifically target affective symptoms of schizophrenia may have a beneficial impact on patients’ self-esteem.
First experiences with a diode laser in major gynecological laparoscopic procedures show lack of benefit and impaired feasibility
Authors: Spaich Saskia , Berlit Sebastian , Berger Laura , Weiss Christel , Tuschy Benjamin , Sütterlin Marc , Stefanovic Stefan
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study is to evaluate feasibility and potential benefit of a diode laser in major laparoscopic procedures in gynecology.

Methods

Between 2018 and 2020, a total of 42 cases were enrolled in this study comparing standard electrosurgery with diode laser-supported therapy in laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (LASH), total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH), or laparoscopic myoma enucleation (LME). Dual wavelength 45 W diode laser light was used to cut and coagulate during laparoscopy in the prospective interventional arm consisting of 11 cases, while 31 matching patients who received conventional treatment with monopolar/bipolar current for the same interventions were retrospectively identified in our laparoscopy database. Recruitment in the prospective interventional laser diode arm was terminated after only 11 patients (instead of planned 50) due to intense hemorrhage and massive smoke development.

Results

A total of 42 cases were analyzed (11 LME, 19 LASH, and 12 TLH). Strong smoke development was evident in all 11 cases in the diode laser arm. It was necessary to convert to bipolar or monopolar current in all hysterectomies (n = 9) with initial diode laser implementation due to increased bleeding and smoke development. Conventional current sources had to be used in LMEs (n = 2) due to excessive bleeding and poor visibility during enucleation of the fibroid. A significant difference (p < 0.0001) was observed regarding smoke development when comparing the laser arm with the control arm.

Conclusion

We found a 45-W diode laser to be inferior to electrosurgical techniques for major laparoscopic gynecologic surgeries regarding bleeding control and smoke development.
Digital health—high tech or high touch?
Authors: Gangl Clemens , Krychtiuk Konstantin
Published: January 2023

Digital transformation in medicine refers to the implementation of information technology-driven developments in the healthcare system and their impact on the way we teach, share, and practice medicine. We would like to provide an overview of current developments and opportunities but also of the risks of digital transformation in medicine. Therefore, we examine the possibilities wearables and digital biomarkers provide for early detection and monitoring of diseases and discuss the potential of artificial intelligence applications in medicine. Furthermore, we outline new opportunities offered by telemedicine applications and digital therapeutics, discuss the aspects of social media in healthcare, and provide an outlook on “Health 4.0.”
Explorative mathematical argumentation: a theoretical framework for identifying and analysing argumentation processes in early mathematics learning
Authors: Reuter Friederike
Published: January 2023

This paper introduces the termexplorative mathematical argumentation(EMA), signifying a concept for describing and analysing learners’ mathematical argumentation processes. Despite multiple recent empirical evidence for argumentation promoting learning in science education, still little is known about the development of early mathematical argumentation skills and their role within early learning processes. The widely varying use of the termargumentationimpedes respective research efforts. The concept of explorative mathematical argumentation offers an approach that takes into account the explorative nature of learners’ knowledge construction as well as specific aspects of mathematical argumentation. The concept of EMA promotes mathematical argumentation as a separate competence facet within which different forms and tools of reasoning can be deployed. It is suitable for describing and analysing learners’ mathematical argumentation processes from an early age onwards, as is illustrated by an exemplary situation with 4- and 5-year-old preschool children. Eventually, methods for identifying and analysing learners’ explorative mathematical argumentation processes are presented for discussion.
Error factors in precise thermal conductivity measurement using 3ω method for wire samples
Authors: Sekimoto Yuki , Abe Ryo , Kojima Hirotaka , Benten Hiroaki , Nakamura Masakazu
Published: January 2023

In designing thermoelectric and heat transfer devices on the micrometer scale, the accurate thermal conductivity measurement is very important, and a variety of measurement methods have been developed so far. Among them, the 3ω method is one of the best for conductive wires because it can directly measure thermal conductivity without measuring density or specific heat, and also in the same direction as electrical or thermoelectric property. However, previous studies have not sufficiently considered the effects of ambient pressure and the conductive adhesive used to attach the sample to the electrode, which may hinder accurate measurement. In this study, using a thin gold wire as a test sample, the influence of ambient pressure and the length of conductive adhesive along the sample has been investigated quantitatively as major factors of systematic errors in the 3ω method. When the pressure was increased in the transition flow region, the measured apparent thermal conductivity increased. An analytical model for the low-pressure gas heat conduction is proposed to quantitatively explain the pressure dependence. The measured value also increased when the length of the conductive adhesive exceeded 20% of the sample length. This work has revealed that the ambient should be evacuated to the molecular flow region and the length of conductive adhesive be less than 20% of the sample length. The guidelines proposed here will help researchers in various fields to more accurately determine the thermal conductivity of micrometer-scale wires.
Thermodynamic heat-transfer phenomena in nanostructured glassy substances: a comparative study on g-As5Se95 and g-As55Se45
Authors: Kozdras Andrzej , Shpotyuk Oleh , Mahlovanyi Bohdan , Shpotyuk Yaroslav , Kovalskiy Andriy
Published: January 2023

Nanostructurization-driven responses in calorimetric heat-transfer phenomena are compared for glassy arsenoselenides at different levels of their molecular network organization, namely in high-polymerized g-As5Se95 and low-polymerized g-As55Se45, employing multifrequency temperature-modulated DSC-TOPEM® method complemented with Raman scattering microspectroscopy. It is shown that high-polymerized network composed of AsSe3 pyramids interlinked by Se chains with small number of Se8 molecular units decoupled from this network prevails in melt-quenched and nanomilling-derived g-As5Se95. Transition to more polymerized network due to incorporation of destroyed Se8 molecules into glass backbone occurs in this glass under nanostructurization. As a result, nanostructurization-driven calorimetric response in g-As5Se95 dominates by size-induced glass-transition temperature depression. The low-polymerized structure of g-As55Se45 is built of As–Se network enriched with tetra-arsenic selenide molecular units decoupled from this network. Molecular-to-network transition owing to nanomilling-driven destruction of these cage molecules and their incorporation into newly polymerized glass-forming backbone occurs in g-As55Se45 resulting in strong increase in calorimetric glass-transition temperature.
Runge–Kutta–Möbius methods
Authors: Molnár András , Fekete Imre , Söderlind Gustaf
Published: January 2023

In the numerical integration of nonlinear autonomous initial value problems, the computational process depends on the step size scaled vector field hf as a distinct entity. This paper considers a parameterized transformation $$\begin{aligned} hf \mapsto hf \circ (I-\gamma hf)^{-1}, \end{aligned}$$

h
f
↦
h
f
∘

(
I
-
γ
h
f
)

-
1

,

and its role in the finite step size stability of singly diagonally implicit Runge—Kutta (SDIRK) methods. For a suitably chosen $$\gamma > 0$$

γ
>
0

, the transformed map is Lipschitz continuous with a reasonably small constant, whenever hf is negative monotone. With this transformation, an SDIRK method is equivalent to an explicit Runge–Kutta (ERK) method applied to the transformed vector field. Through this mapping, the SDIRK methods’ A-stability, and linear order conditions are investigated. The latter are closely related to approximations of the exponential function $$\textrm{e}^z$$

e
z

that are polynomial in z, when considering ERK methods, and polynomial in terms of the transformed variable $$z(1-\gamma z)^{-1}$$

z

(
1
-
γ
z
)

-
1

, in case of SDIRK methods. Considering the second family of methods, and expanding the exponential function in terms of this transformed variable, the coefficients can be expressed in terms of Laguerre polynomials. Lastly, a family of methods is constructed using the transformed vector field, and its order conditions, A-stability, and B-stability are investigated.
Surface heat flow measurements in the eastern margin of the Japan Sea using a 15 m long geothermal probe to overcome large bottom-water temperature fluctuations
Authors: Goto Shusaku , Yamano Makoto , Tanahashi Manabu , Matsubayashi Osamu , Kinoshita Masataka , Machiyama Hideaki , Morita Sumito , Kanamatsu Toshiya , Hachikubo Akihiro , Kataoka Satsuki , Matsumoto Ryo
Published: January 2023

Accurate surface heat flow data are required for a wide range of geological and geophysical applications. However, sediment temperature measurements beneath the seafloor often involve large uncertainties owing to the influence of bottom-water temperature (BWT) fluctuations. Previous studies reported apparently negative geothermal gradients in the Joetsu Basin of the Japan Sea and suggested that BWT fluctuations disturbed sediment temperatures. To address this problem, we monitored BWTs in the Joetsu Basin over a 2 year period to determine the depth at which the influence of BWT fluctuations on sediment temperature becomes negligible. Combined with sediment thermal diffusivity data, we determined that the BWT fluctuations can disturb sediment temperatures to a depth of 2 m. We obtained heat flow values of 81–88 mW m− 2 by measuring sediment temperatures at depths > 2 m using a 15 m long geothermal probe. The measured heat flow values are inversely correlated with topography owing to the effect of topographic change on the geothermal structure near the seafloor. A two-dimensional geothermal structure model was constructed to account for the topography, yielding an estimated regional background heat flow of 85 ± 6 mW m− 2. This study provides two important guidelines for obtaining accurate surface heat flow data in marine areas with large-amplitude BWT fluctuations: (1) quantitative information regarding BWT fluctuations and sediment thermal diffusivity is required to evaluate the depth range to which BWT fluctuations affect sediment temperature; and (2) information regarding the lithology and consolidation state of seafloor sediments is required for effective penetration using a long probe.
Network intrusion detection system for DDoS attacks in ICS using deep autoencoders
Authors: Ortega-Fernandez Ines , Sestelo Marta , Burguillo Juan C. , Piñón-Blanco Camilo
Published: January 2023

Anomaly detection in industrial control and cyber-physical systems has gained much attention over the past years due to the increasing modernisation and exposure of industrial environments. Current dangers to the connected industry include the theft of industrial intellectual property, denial of service, or the compromise of cloud components; all of which might result in a cyber-attack across the operational network. However, most scientific work employs device logs, which necessitate substantial understanding and preprocessing before they can be used in anomaly detection. In this paper, we propose a network intrusion detection system (NIDS) architecture based on a deep autoencoder trained on network flow data, which has the advantage of not requiring prior knowledge of the network topology or its underlying architecture. Experimental results show that the proposed model can detect anomalies, caused by distributed denial of service attacks, providing a high detection rate and low false alarms, outperforming the state-of-the-art and a baseline model in an unsupervised learning environment. Furthermore, the deep autoencoder model can detect abnormal behaviour in legitimate devices after an attack. We also demonstrate the suitability of the proposed NIDS in a real industrial plant from the alimentary sector, analysing the false positive rate and the viability of the data generation, filtering and preprocessing procedure for a near real time scenario. The suggested NIDS architecture is a low-cost solution that uses only fifteen network-based features, requires minimal processing, operates in unsupervised mode, and is straightforward to deploy in real-world scenarios.
The Effects of Long-term Molybdenum Exposure in Drinking Water on Molybdenum Metabolism and Production Performance of Beef Cattle Consuming a High Forage Diet
Authors: Thorndyke M. P. , Guimaraes O. , Medrado M. , Loh H. Y. , Tangredi B. V. , Reyes A. , Barrington R. K. , Schmidt K. , Tillquist N. M. , Li L. , Ippolito J. A. , Zervoudakis J. T. , Wagner J. J. , Engle T. E.
Published: January 2023

Fifty-four multiparous beef cows with calves were used to evaluate the effects of Mo source (feed or water) on reproduction, mineral status, and performance over two cow-calf production cycles (553 days). Cows were stratified by age, body weight, liver Cu, and Mo status and were then randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups. Treatments were (1) negative control (NC; basal diet with no supplemental Mo or Cu), (2) positive control (NC + Cu; 3 mg of supplemental Cu/kg DM), (3) NC + 500 µg Mo/L from Na2MoO4·2H2O supplied in drinking water, (4) NC + 1000 µg Mo/L of Na2MoO4·2H2O supplied in drinking water, (5) NC + Mo 1000-water + 3 mg of supplemental Cu/kg DM, and (6) NC + 3.0 mg of supplemental Mo/kg diet DM from Na2MoO4·2H2O. Animals were allowed ad libitum access to both harvested grass hay (DM basis: 6.6% crude protein; 0.15% S, 6.7 mg Cu/kg, 2.4 mg Mo/kg) and water throughout the experiment. Calves were weaned at approximately 6 months of age each year. Dietary Cu concentration below 10.0 mg Cu/kg DM total diet reduced liver and plasma Cu concentrations to values indicative of a marginal Cu deficiency in beef cows. However, no production parameters measured in this experiment were affected by treatment. Results suggest that Mo supplemented in water or feed at the concentrations used in this experiment had minimal impact on Cu status and overall performance.
Synthesis, Solid State Structure, and Cytotoxic Activity of a Complex Dimer of Yttrium with Anthranilic Acid against Cancer Cells
Authors: Zidan Amna S. A. , Ibrahim Ahmed B. M. , Aly Aref A. M. , Mosbah Hanan K. , Mayer Peter , Saber Saber H.
Published: January 2023

This paper presents the synthesis and isolation of a new binuclear complex of yttrium with anthranilic acid (HA). The complex [Y2(HA)6(H2O)4] Cl6.2C2H5OH (C1) was obtained as single crystals that its X-ray analysis revealed its triclinic P-1 space group in addition to anti-prismatic geometry around each of the yttrium ions. In the complex, the anthranilic acid ligands are bidentate, zwitter ionic and neutral, and the yttrium ions’ charge is only compensated by six chloride ions. The cytotoxicity of this complex against human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, prostate cancer PC-3 cells, and bladder cancer T-24 cells was evaluated. This yttrium complex displayed more cytotoxic activity against the bladder cancer cells with an IC50 value of 307.7 μg/ml (223 μM). On the other hand, the activities of complex C1 against the MDA-MB-231 and PC-3 cells were less significant respectively with IC50 values of 1097 μg/ml (796 μM) and 921 μg/ml (669 μM).
A Study on Mental Health Service Needs among Older Adults and the Policy Response in China: Experiences in Urban Shanghai
Authors: Chen Honglin , Chen Yanyan , Wang Yan , Chen Hongtu , Sue Levkoff , Pan Tianshu , Wang Yuanyuan , He Yanling
Published: January 2023

Despite increasing awareness of mental health problems among older adults, limited mental health services are available to meet their needs. The proposed study aimed to evaluate the need for mental health services among older adults in Shanghai, China, and identify gaps in the existing service system to inform policy making. Based on 80 face-to-face interviews amongst several groups of older adults and community officers, doctors and government stakeholders, the study found that (a) the mental health needs of older adults living with family members mainly present as needs for social interaction, sense of belonging, and self-realization; (b) special groups, such as older adults living alone, mainly desire support to address loneliness, older adults with physical disabilities desire social respect, and those with mental disabilities seek social acceptance; and (c) community cadres and other stakeholders have paid little attention to demands related to mental well-being among older people. It is necessary to deliver mental health education to community stakeholders and the public, popularize mental health knowledge, and publicize professional psychological counseling and treatment services. Meanwhile, policy makers should allocate resources to train professional mental health services personnel to meet these growing mental health needs and increase financial support for mental health services for older adults.
Content is key to non-profit digital media strategy
Authors: Sánchez-Torné Isadora , Caro-González Francisco Javier , Pérez-Suárez Macarena
Published: January 2023

This research aims to determine the type of content offered by non-profit digital media, determining whether this content is different and characteristic. For this purpose, a binomial logistic regression analysis was carried out on a sample of digital medias included in the Latin American SembraMedia directory (509 media: 70% for-profit and 30% non-profit). This data from SembraMedia's digital media list showed that non-profit media is having a social impact. As such, it was relevant to address non-profit media as an organisational model compared to for-profit media. Variables such as journalistic genre, the techniques used the origin of the content, and the coverage or type of content were considered. The main conclusion is that non-profit digital media show significant differences in their contents when compared to for-profit ones. These differences are found in the content (environment) and in the journalistic techniques used (data journalism).
A robotic arm for safe and accurate control of biomedical equipment during COVID-19
Authors: Iadanza Ernesto , Pasqua Giammarco , Piaggio Davide , Caputo Corrado , Gherardelli Monica , Pecchia Leandro
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Hospital facilities and social life, along with the global economy, have been severely challenged by COVID-19 since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a pandemic in March 2020. Since then, countless ordinary citizens, as well as healthcare workers, have contracted the virus by just coming into contact with infected surfaces. In order to minimise the risk of getting infected by contact with such surfaces, our study aims to design, prototype, and test a new device able to connect users, such as common citizens, doctors or paramedics, with either common-use interfaces (e.g., lift and snack machine keyboards, traffic light push-buttons) or medical-use interfaces (e.g., any medical equipment keypad)

Method

To this purpose, the device was designed with the help of Unified Modelling Language (UML) schemes, and was informed by a risk analysis, that highlighted some of its essential requirements and specifications. Consequently, the chosen constructive solution of the robotic system, i.e., a robotic-arm structure, was designed and manufactured using computer-aided design and 3D printing.

Result

The final prototype included a properly programmed micro-controller, linked via Bluetooth to a multi-platform mobile phone app, which represents the user interface. The system was then successfully tested on different physical keypads and touch screens. Better performance of the system can be foreseen by introducing improvements in the industrial production phase.

Conclusion

This first prototype paves the way for further research in this area, allowing for better management and preparedness of next pandemic emergencies.
A Multilevel Model to Assess the Effectiveness of an Affective-Sexual Education Program for People with Intellectual Disabilities: the Influence of Participants’ Characteristics
Authors: Gil-Llario María Dolores , Fernández-García Olga , Huedo-Medina Tania B. , Nebot-García Juan Enrique , Ballester-Arnal Rafael
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Personal characteristics have been shown to influence the psychosexual development of people with intellectual disabilities. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the SALUDIVERSEX program about affective-sexual education depending on gender, age, relationship status, and degree of autonomy.

Methods

Two hundred fifty-four participants, clustered within 28 daytime support services, completed a battery of instruments before and after the intervention. The data was collected between January 2021 and April 2022.

Results

Multilevel analyses, controlling for participant’s dependence within the same center, confirm that the program is equally effective regardless of gender. Likewise, younger participants, who have greater autonomy and who have a partner, seem to benefit more from the intervention.

Conclusions

This suggests that the SALUDIVERSEX program is a useful tool for educating adults with intellectual disabilities on sexuality, when they possess a high degree of autonomy.

Policy Implications

The present study contributes to the successful replication of the intervention being tested, providing information on the aspects that may be more difficult to learn depending on the personal characteristics of the individuals.
The Responsibility Gap and LAWS: a Critical Mapping of the Debate
Authors: Oimann Ann-Katrien
Published: January 2023

AI has numerous applications and in various fields, including the military domain. The increase in the degree of autonomy in some decision-making systems leads to discussions on the possible future use of lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS). A central issue in these discussions is the assignment of moral responsibility for some AI-based outcomes. Several authors claim that the high autonomous capability of such systems leads to a so-called “responsibility gap.” In recent years, there has been a surge in philosophical literature around the concept of responsibility gaps and different solutions have been devised to close or bridge these gaps. In order to move forward in the research around LAWS and the problem of responsibility, it is important to increase our understanding of the different perspectives and discussions in this debate. This paper attempts to do so by disentangling the various arguments and providing a critical overview. After giving a brief outline of the state of the technology of LAWS, I will review the debates over responsibility gaps using three differentiators: those who believe in the existence of responsibility gaps versus those who do not, those who hold that responsibility gaps constitute a new moral problem versus those who argue they do not, and those who claim that solutions can be successful as opposed to those who believe that it is an unsolvable problem.
Formulating treatment of major psychiatric disorders: algorithm targets the dominantly affected brain cell-types
Authors: Fessel Jeffrey
Published: January 2023

Background

Pharmacotherapy for most psychiatric conditions was developed from serendipitous observations of benefit from drugs prescribed for different reasons. An algorithmic approach to formulating pharmacotherapy is proposed, based upon which combination of changed activities by brain cell-types is dominant for any particular condition, because those cell-types contain and surrogate for genetic, metabolic and environmental information, that has affected their function. The algorithm performs because functions of some or all the affected cell-types benefit from several available drugs: clemastine, dantrolene, erythropoietin, fingolimod, fluoxetine, lithium, memantine, minocycline, pioglitazone, piracetam, and riluzole

Procedures/findings

Bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and post-traumatic stress disorder, illustrate the algorithm; for them, literature reviews show that no single combination of altered cell-types accounts for all cases; but they identify, for each condition, which combination occurs most frequently, i.e., dominates, as compared with other possible combinations. Knowing the dominant combination of altered cell-types in a particular condition, permits formulation of therapy with combinations of drugs taken from the above list. The percentage of patients who might benefit from that therapy, depends upon the frequency with which the dominant combination occurs in patients with that particular condition.

Conclusions

Knowing the dominant combination of changed cell types in psychiatric conditions, permits an algorithmically formulated, rationally-based treatment. Different studies of the same condition often produce discrepant results; all might be correct, because identical clinical phenotypes result from different combinations of impaired cell-types, thus producing different results. Clinical trials would validate both the proposed concept and choice of drugs.