bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to Deal With a Difficult Boss
Authors: Fehn Theresa , Schütz Astrid
Published: October 2022

Abstract. As abusive supervision entails negative outcomes for individuals and organizations, a better understanding of leader- and follower-related antecedents of abusive supervision can help organizations prevent destructive leadership. In an experimental vignette study with 140 leaders, we tested an integrative model that includes leaders’ narcissism as an antecedent of their abusive supervision intentions. We also tested for the moderating role of followers’ behavior and indirect effects via leaders’ evaluations of followers. We employed the narcissistic admiration and rivalry concept (NARC) to distinguish between adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of grandiose narcissism and found that the maladaptive dimension, narcissistic rivalry, predicted abusive supervision intentions. This effect was strongest when followers behaved dominantly. Finally, we found preliminary evidence that leaders’ evaluations of followers’ likeability, but not of followers’ competence, mediated the relationship between leaders’ narcissistic rivalry and abusive supervision intentions. These indirect effects were not conditional on followers’ behavior. We discuss these findings in light of theoretical and practical implications for individuals and organizations.
Combination Strategy for the Geocentric Realization of Regional Epoch Reference Frames
Authors: Kehm A. , Sánchez L. , Bloßfeld M. , Seitz M. , Drewes H. , Angermann D. , Seitz F.
Published: October 2022

For high‐resolution regional geodetic applications, the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) is complemented by regional densifications. These are realized either as multi‐year solutions related to a tectonic plate (e.g., EUREF for Europe) or as epoch reference frames (ERFs) to capture nonlinear geophysical station motions caused by, for example, earthquakes or non‐tidal loading (e.g., SIRGAS for Latin America). These Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)‐only based regional reference frames have in common that their geodetic datum is aligned with the ITRF datum at a specific epoch. The consequence is that their origin represents the Earth's center of figure and does not coincide with the instantaneous center of mass. Here, we present studies on a direct geocentric realization of regional ERFs. We propose to realize the geodetic datum for each epoch by combining global GNSS, Satellite Laser Ranging, and Very Long Baseline Interferometry networks via measured local ties at co‐located sites. A uniformly distributed global GNSS network is used to realize the orientation via a no‐net‐rotation constraint with respect to the ITRF and is densified by the stations of the regional subnetwork. The developed combination and filtering strategy aims to guarantee a stable datum realization for each epoch‐wise solution. Validating our results against global reference frames and geophysical loading models relating to the Earth's centers of mass and figure, we show that the realized displacement time series are geocentric and reflect seasonal geophysical processes. As the approach does not need to rely on co‐location sites in the region of interest, it is conceptually transferable to other regions on the globe.
Chromium Cycling in Redox‐Stratified Basins Challenges δ53Cr Paleoredox Proxy Applications
Authors: Janssen David J. , Rickli Jörg , Wille Martin , Sepúlveda Steiner Oscar , Vogel Hendrik , Dellwig Olaf , Berg Jasmine S. , Bouffard Damien , Lever Mark A. , Hassler Christel S. , Jaccard Samuel L.
Published: October 2022

Chromium stable isotope composition (δ53Cr) is a promising tracer for redox conditions throughout Earth's history; however, the geochemical controls of δ53Cr have not been assessed in modern redox‐stratified basins. We present new chromium (Cr) concentration and δ53Cr data in dissolved, sinking particulate, and sediment samples from the redox‐stratified Lake Cadagno (Switzerland), a modern Proterozoic ocean analog. These data demonstrate isotope fractionation during incomplete (non‐quantitative) reduction and removal of Cr above the chemocline, driving isotopically light Cr accumulation in euxinic deep waters. Sediment authigenic Cr is isotopically distinct from overlying waters but comparable to average continental crust. New and published data from other redox‐stratified basins show analogous patterns. This challenges assumptions from δ53Cr paleoredox applications that quantitative Cr reduction and removal limits isotope fractionation. Instead, fractionation from non‐quantitative Cr removal leads to sedimentary records offset from overlying waters and not reflecting high δ53Cr from oxidative continental weathering.
Global Structure and Seasonal Variations of the Tidal Amplitude in Sporadic‐E Layer
Authors: Tang Qiong , Zhou Chen , Liu Huixin , Du Zhitao , Liu Yi , Zhao Jiaqi , Yu Zhibin , Zhao Zhengyu , Feng Xueshang
Published: October 2022

The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate radio occultation S4 indices measurements are used to investigate the global structure and seasonal variations of tidal components in the sporadic‐E (Es) layer. The diurnal tidal amplitude in the Es layer intensity and occurrence rate shows a wave‐4 longitudinal structure, which is due to the diurnal tidal components of zonal wave numbers s = −3 (eastward, DE3). The wave‐4 longitudinal pattern is also observed in the semidiurnal tide during spring and winter, which mostly results from the combination of semidiurnal components of zonal wave numbers s = −2 (eastward, SE2), s = 2 (westward, SW2). In addition, the semidiurnal tidal amplitude in Es layers presents obvious seasonal variability, and it dominates in the northern hemisphere during spring and summer and in the southern hemisphere during autumn and winter. Furthermore, the total semidiurnal tidal amplitude in Es layers in the northern hemisphere is greater than that in the southern hemisphere. Another important finding is that the diurnal tidal pattern at the lower altitude (below 102 km) Es layer is different from that of the higher altitude (above 102 km) Es layer and is also different from that of wind, which supports that the wind shear theory is inapplicable for the Es layer formation at low altitude proposed by many researchers.
Systematic Comparison of InSAR and Seismic Source Models for Moderate‐Size Earthquakes in Western China: Implication to the Seismogenic Capacity of the Shallow Crust
Authors: Luo Heng , Wang Teng , Wei Shengji
Published: October 2022

Earthquake source parameters are important for understanding earthquake physics and crustal fault properties. However, strong trade‐offs between parameters (e.g., depth and origin time) and a lack of accurate velocity models and near‐field seismic stations could cause large uncertainties of these parameters in seismic catalogs, particularly for shallow events. To further improve the resolution of earthquake source parameters, we use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) images to derive source solutions of 33 moderate‐size (Mw 4.1–6.6) earthquakes that occurred at shallow depths (<20 km) from November 2014 to July 2020 in western China. After evaluating the uncertainties of the InSAR solutions, we systematically compare the location, centroid depth, focal mechanism and magnitude from InSAR models with that from seismic catalogs. We find that all seismic catalogs generally report deeper (4–10 km) hypocenters or centroid depths. The uncertainties of moment tensor solutions are partially related to the percentage of the non‐double‐couple components in the seismic catalogs. The InSAR solutions indicate that considerable seismic moments (i.e., ∼ Nm) were released in the uppermost crust (i.e., <5 km) in a period of ∼6 years, which is not resolvable in the seismic catalogs. The smooth seismic moment distribution along depth indicates a gradual change of the frictional properties from the surface to the middle crust. As most of the studied earthquakes are located on secondary and/or unmapped faults, these findings imply a considerable portion of velocity‐weakening friction in the uppermost crust along immature, secondary fault systems, which should be included in the seismic hazard evaluation.
Multisource Remote Sensing Based Estimation of Soil NOx Emissions From Fertilized Cropland at High‐Resolution: Spatio‐Temporal Patterns and Impacts
Authors: Shen Yonglin , Xiao Zemin , Wang Yi , Yao Ling , Xiao Wen
Published: October 2022

Soil nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from agricultural areas currently dominate in some regions around the world. Since China is largely an agricultural country, an accurate estimation of soil NOx emissions from agricultural areas is essential for monitoring air pollution. In this study, we use high‐resolution multi‐source remote sensing data to enhance data inputs to existing empirical NOx emission models, with a particular emphasis on crop phenological features and the impact of nitrogen fertilizer application on NOx at the grid level. As a result, a high‐resolution emission inventory of soil NOx from agricultural areas in China is built. According to the emission inventory, total national NOx emissions from fertilized croplands were 3,741 ± 0.39, 3,231 ± 0.39, and 3,059 ± 0.39 Gg N/yr during 2017–2019, respectively. Moreover, in 2017, soil NOx emissions contributed to 17.3% of the total emissions. It was found the “Hu Huanyong Line” (Hu line) is a dividing line for China's agricultural soil NOx emissions, with soil NOx emissions dominating in the west of the Hu line while being high in the east. The results also show that emissions are highest in summer and lowest in winter, with a significant difference between the two seasons. Furthermore, crop cultivation structure can affect overall soil NOx emissions, which suggests a potential NOx reduction strategy. We demonstrate that the established emission inventory can precisely reflect the distribution of soil NOx emissions in China's agricultural areas, which will be beneficial to overall NOx emission control and air quality improvement.
Enhanced Intensity of the Interannual Variability of February Surface Air Temperature Over Mid‐ and High‐Latitude Asia Since the Late‐1990s
Authors: Xu Zhiqing , Fan Ke
Published: October 2022

This study investigates the interdecadal variation of the intensity of the interannual variability (IIV) of surface air temperature (SAT) over mid‐ and high‐latitude Asia (MHLA) in winter months (December–February) during 1980–2015 and the role of the Arctic sea‐ice. Results show only the IIV of February SAT is significantly enhanced around the late‐1990s, which partly results from enhanced IIV of the frequency of extreme warm and cold events (FEWE and FECE). The influence of the sea‐ice in the Barents Sea from December to February on the February SAT, FEWE and FECE over MHLA is remarkably enhanced around the late‐1990s. During 1998–2015, the sea‐ice anomalies contribute to the enhanced IIV of February SAT over MHLA by modulating the monthly and synoptic tripole patterns over northern Eurasia, the positive phase of which exhibits an anomalous low over Eurasia north of 60°N and anomalous highs over southern Europe and MHLA. On the monthly average, the increased sea‐ice induces Rossby waves and then a positive phase of the monthly tripole pattern, inducing weakened East Asian trough and Siberian high, enhanced westerlies over 50°–70°N, and resultant decreased blocking high frequency over Eurasia north of 60°N. These anomalies favor increased February SAT over MHLA. On synoptic timescales, the increased blocking over the north side of the Ural Mountains favors more (fewer) extreme positive (negative) phases of the synoptic tripole pattern and hence increased FEWE (decreased FECE) over MHLA, further strengthening the increased SAT. Numerical experiments basically confirm the mechanisms above.
Radiation Belt Daily Average Electron Flux Model (RB‐Daily‐E) From the Seven‐Year Van Allen Probes Mission and Its Application to Interpret GPS On‐Orbit Solar Array Degradation
Authors: Gabrielse Christine , Lee Justin H. , Claudepierre Seth , Walker Don , O’Brien Paul , Roeder James , Lao Yao , Grovogui Jann , Turner Drew L. , Runov Andrei , Boyd Alexander , Fennell Joseph , Blake J. Bernard , Lopez Kevin , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Keika Kunihiro , Higashio Nana , Shinohara Iku , Imajo Shun , Kurita Satoshi , Mitani Takefumi
Published: October 2022

We use NASA's Van Allen Probes data to build a 3‐dimensional Radiation Belt Daily Average Electron flux model (RB‐Daily‐E) covering 25 differential energies (33–7,700 keV), 17 pitch angles, and a variable number of L shells from 2 to 7. RB‐Daily‐E can be used to deduce the fluences observed by any satellite that flew within Van Allen Probes' 7‐year mission lifetime. We supplement Van Allen Probes fluxes with THEMIS average fluxes to cover higher L shells when applying the model to a secondary satellite. RB‐Daily‐E agrees with both the Arase high‐energy electron experiment (XEP) flux data and the GPS Combined X‐ray Dosimeter (CXD) electron flux approximately within a factor of two or better, and comparisons with AE9 are as expected. The RB‐Daily‐E Model has applications for when actual fluxes on day‐timescales are required for post‐anomaly investigations, including long‐term radiation environment effects such as solar cell and solar array degradation. We therefore applied the model to two GPS satellites to determine electron fluence inputs to the Equivalent Flux (EQFLUX) solar cell degradation model. The modeled voltage degradation well‐matched the voltage degradation trends identified in the GPS telemetry data, suggesting that the radiation environment is the primary cause of the voltage degradation. The current degradation was largely underestimated, suggesting that current degradation is influenced by other sources.
Reconstructing Earth’s atmospheric oxygenation history using machine learning
Authors: Chen Guoxiong , Cheng Qiuming , Lyons Timothy W. , Shen Jun , Agterberg Frits , Huang Ning , Zhao Molei
Published: October 2022

Reconstructing historical atmospheric oxygen (O2) levels at finer temporal resolution is a top priority for exploring the evolution of life on Earth. This goal, however, is challenged by gaps in traditionally employed sediment-hosted geochemical proxy data. Here, we propose an independent strategy—machine learning with global mafic igneous geochemistry big data to explore atmospheric oxygenation over the last 4.0 billion years. We observe an overall two-step rise of atmospheric O2 similar to the published curves derived from independent sediment-hosted paleo-oxybarometers but with a more detailed fabric of O2 fluctuations superimposed. These additional, shorter-term fluctuations are also consistent with previous but less well-established suggestions of O2 variability. We conclude from this agreement that Earth’s oxygenated atmosphere may therefore be at least partly a natural consequence of mantle cooling and specifically that evolving mantle melts collectively have helped modulate the balance of early O2 sources and sinks.
A neuronal prospect theory model in the brain reward circuitry
Authors: Imaizumi Yuri , Tymula Agnieszka , Tsubo Yasuhiro , Matsumoto Masayuki , Yamada Hiroshi
Published: October 2022

Prospect theory, arguably the most prominent theory of choice, is an obvious candidate for neural valuation models. How the activity of individual neurons, a possible computational unit, obeys prospect theory remains unknown. Here, we show, with theoretical accuracy equivalent to that of human neuroimaging studies, that single-neuron activity in four core reward-related cortical and subcortical regions represents the subjective valuation of risky gambles in monkeys. The activity of individual neurons in monkeys passively viewing a lottery reflects the desirability of probabilistic rewards parameterized as a multiplicative combination of utility and probability weighting functions, as in the prospect theory framework. The diverse patterns of valuation signals were not localized but distributed throughout most parts of the reward circuitry. A network model aggregating these signals reconstructed the risk preferences and subjective probability weighting revealed by the animals’ choices. Thus, distributed neural coding explains the computation of subjective valuations under risk.
Coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean dynamics during Heinrich Stadial 2
Authors: Dong Xiyu , Kathayat Gayatri , Rasmussen Sune O. , Svensson Anders , Severinghaus Jeffrey P. , Li Hanying , Sinha Ashish , Xu Yao , Zhang Haiwei , Shi Zhengguo , Cai Yanjun , Pérez-Mejías Carlos , Baker Jonathan , Zhao Jingyao , Spötl Christoph , Columbu Andrea , Ning Youfeng , Stríkis Nicolás M. , Chen Shitao , Wang Xianfeng , Gupta Anil K. , Dutt Som , Zhang Fan , Cruz Francisco W. , An Zhisheng , Lawrence Edwards R. , Cheng Hai
Published: October 2022

Our understanding of climate dynamics during millennial-scale events is incomplete, partially due to the lack of their precise phase analyses under various boundary conditions. Here we present nine speleothem oxygen-isotope records from mid-to-low-latitude monsoon regimes with sub-centennial age precision and multi-annual resolution, spanning the Heinrich Stadial 2 (HS2) — a millennial-scale event that occurred at the Last Glacial Maximum. Our data suggests that the Greenland and Antarctic ice-core chronologies require +320- and +400-year adjustments, respectively, supported by extant volcanic evidence and radiocarbon ages. Our chronological framework shows a synchronous HS2 onset globally. Our records precisely characterize a centennial-scale abrupt “tropical atmospheric seesaw” superimposed on the conventional “bipolar seesaw” at the beginning of HS2, implying a unique response/feedback from low-latitude hydroclimate. Together with our observation of an early South American monsoon shift at the HS2 termination, we suggest a more active role of low-latitude hydroclimate dynamics underlying millennial events than previously thought.
Gain-of-function mutations in KCNK3 cause a developmental disorder with sleep apnea
Authors: Sörmann Janina , Schewe Marcus , Proks Peter , Jouen-Tachoire Thibault , Rao Shanlin , Riel Elena B. , Agre Katherine E. , Begtrup Amber , Dean John , Descartes Maria , Fischer Jan , Gardham Alice , Lahner Carrie , Mark Paul R. , Muppidi Srikanth , Pichurin Pavel N. , Porrmann Joseph , Schallner Jens , Smith Kirstin , Straub Volker , Vasudevan Pradeep , Willaert Rebecca , Carpenter Elisabeth P. , Rödström Karin E. J. , Hahn Michael G. , Müller Thomas , Baukrowitz Thomas , Hurles Matthew E. , Wright Caroline F. , Tucker Stephen J.
Published: October 2022

Sleep apnea is a common disorder that represents a global public health burden. KCNK3 encodes TASK-1, a K+ channel implicated in the control of breathing, but its link with sleep apnea remains poorly understood. Here we describe a new developmental disorder with associated sleep apnea (developmental delay with sleep apnea, or DDSA) caused by rare de novo gain-of-function mutations in KCNK3. The mutations cluster around the ‘X-gate’, a gating motif that controls channel opening, and produce overactive channels that no longer respond to inhibition by G-protein-coupled receptor pathways. However, despite their defective X-gating, these mutant channels can still be inhibited by a range of known TASK channel inhibitors. These results not only highlight an important new role for TASK-1 K+ channels and their link with sleep apnea but also identify possible therapeutic strategies.
Socio-demographic factors and healthy lifestyle behaviours among Malaysian adults: National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019
Authors: Khaw Wan-Fei , Nasaruddin Nur Hamizah , Alias Nazirah , Chan Yee Mang , Tan LeeAnn , Cheong Siew Man , Ganapathy Shubash Shander , Mohd Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli , Yong Heng Yaw
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to investigate the association between socio-demographic factors and designated healthy lifestyle behaviours in a nationally-representative sample of Malaysian adults aged 18 years and above. Secondary data involving 7388 participants aged 18–96 years from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019, a national cross-sectional survey, was used in this study. A healthy lifestyle score (0–5 points) was calculated based on five modifiable lifestyle factors: non-smoker, body mass index < 25 kg/m2, physically active, moderate (or less) alcohol intake, and daily consumption of ≥ 5 servings of fruits and vegetables. Associations between socio-demographic factors and healthy lifestyle behaviours were examined using multinomial logistic regression adjusted for sampling design. About 30.6% of the participants met at least four out of the five healthy lifestyle factors. In multinomial model, subjects who were female (aOR = 3.26, 95%CI = 2.58, 4.12), of Chinese (aOR = 2.31, 95%CI = 1.62, 3.30 or other ethnicity (aOR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.05, 1.98), and aged 18–30 years (aOR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.12, 2.71) showed significant association with achieving healthy lifestyle compared to male, Malay and ≥ 61 years old as reference categories. Our results indicated that gender, age and ethnicity associated with healthy lifestyle behaviours. Information on the influence of socio-demographic factors on the prevalence of healthy lifestyles will facilitate the development of effective intervention strategies to improve the adaptation of healthy lifestyle practices.
Structural measures of similarity and complementarity in complex networks
Authors: Talaga Szymon , Nowak Andrzej
Published: October 2022

The principle of similarity, or homophily, is often used to explain patterns observed in complex networks such as transitivity and the abundance of triangles (3-cycles). However, many phenomena from division of labor to protein-protein interactions (PPI) are driven by complementarity (differences and synergy). Here we show that the principle of complementarity is linked to the abundance of quadrangles (4-cycles) and dense bipartite-like subgraphs. We link both principles to their characteristic motifs and introduce two families of coefficients of: (1) structural similarity, which generalize local clustering and closure coefficients and capture the full spectrum of similarity-driven structures; (2) structural complementarity, defined analogously but based on quadrangles instead of triangles. Using multiple social and biological networks, we demonstrate that the coefficients capture structural properties related to meaningful domain-specific phenomena. We show that they allow distinguishing between different kinds of social relations as well as measuring an increasing structural diversity of PPI networks across the tree of life. Our results indicate that some types of relations are better explained by complementarity than homophily, and may be useful for improving existing link prediction methods. We also introduce a Python package implementing efficient algorithms for calculating the proposed coefficients.
A comparison of the chest radiographic and computed tomographic features of subclinical pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Lau Angela , Lin Christopher , Barrie James , Winter Christopher , Armstrong Gavin , Egedahl Mary Lou , Doroshenko Alexander , Heffernan Courtney , Asadi Leyla , Fisher Dina , Paulsen Catherine , Moolji Jalal , Huang Yiming , Long Richard
Published: October 2022

Subclinical pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a recently described intermediate state of great interest, but about which little is known. This study sought to describe and compare the frequency of key radiologic features of subclinical PTB on chest radiograph (CXR) versus computed tomographic scan (CT), and to interpret the clinical and public health relevance of the differences. Diagnostic CXRs and CT scans of the thorax and neck in a 16-year cohort of subclinical PTB patients in Canada were re-acquired and read by two independent readers and arbitrated by a third reader. Logistic regression models were fit to determine how likely CXR features can be detected by CT scan versus CXR after adjustment for age and sex. Among 296 subclinical patients, CXRs were available in 286 (96.6%) and CT scans in 94 (32.9%). CXR features in patients with and without CT scans were comparable. Lung cavitation was 4.77 times (95% CI 1.95–11.66), endobronchial spread 19.36 times (95% CI 8.05–46.52), and moderate/far-advanced parenchymal disease 3.23 times (95% CI 1.66–6.30), more common on CT scan than CXR. We conclude that the extent to which CXRs under-detect key radiologic features in subclinical PTB is substantial. This may have public health and treatment implications.
Silica aerogel modified electrospun polyacrylonitrile as a sorbent for thin-film microextraction of chlorpyrifos from real samples coupled with corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry detection
Authors: Heidarbeigi Maliheh , Saraji Mohammad , Jafari Mohammad T.
Published: October 2022

Silica aerogel was directly formed on modified electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibers and used as an extracting phase for thin-film microextraction of chlorpyrifos followed by ion mobility spectrometry.
Correction: Mining bitcoins with carbon capture and renewable energy for carbon neutrality across states in the USA
Authors: Niaz Haider , Shams Mohammad H. , Liu Jay J. , You Fengqi
Published: October 2022

Correction for ‘Mining bitcoins with carbon capture and renewable energy for carbon neutrality across states in the USA’ by Haider Niaz et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2022, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ee03804d.
β-1,3-Glucan synthesis, novel supramolecular self-assembly, characterization and application
Authors: Pylkkänen Robert , Mohammadi Pezhman , Liljeström Ville , Płaziński Wojciech , Beaune Grégory , Timonen Jaakko V. I. , Penttilä Merja
Published: October 2022

A novel self-assembly mechanism for hexagonal β-1,3-glucan microparticles with defined lamellar nanostructure. Phosphorylase catalyzed enzymatic synthesis can be successfully carried out at temperatures ranging from 25 to 80 °C.
Fullerene-containing pillar[n]arene hybrid composites
Authors: Song Leqian , Zhou Le , Li Bing , Zhang Huacheng
Published: October 2022

The construction and application of fullerene-containing pillar[n]arene organic–inorganic hybrid composites/systems has been discussed and summarized.
Rheology and tribology of chitosan/Acacia gum complex coacervates
Authors: El Abbadi Amal , Erni Philipp
Published: October 2022

Acacia gum (Gum Arabic) and chitosan form complex coacervates in acidic environments, providing a polymer-rich aqueous material with interesting bio-lubricant properties.
Correction: A self-activated cascade nanoreactor based on Pd–Ru/GOx for bacterial infection treatment
Authors: Zhu Tianbao , Hu Xinyan , Ye Zichen , Li Jingchao , Ming Jiang , Guo Zhide , Wang Jingjuan , Chen Xiaolan
Published: October 2022

Correction for ‘A self-activated cascade nanoreactor based on Pd–Ru/GOx for bacterial infection treatment’ by Tianbao Zhu et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2tb01416e.
Electrodermal Activity of Preschool-Age Children Who Stutter During a Child-Friendly Stroop Paradigm
Authors: Salvo Heather D. , Arnold Hayley S.
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

The aim of the study was to assess whether emotional reactivity, indexed by a distinct physiological measure of sympathetic activation, differs between preschool-age children who stutter (CWS) and preschool-age children who do not stutter (CWNS) during a child-friendly Stroop task (i.e., day–night task). Additionally, researchers aimed to assess whether the Stroop task, compared to a control task, was a significant physiological stressor.

Method:

Fifteen preschool-age CWS and 22 preschool-age CWNS were asked to perform a day–night Stroop task in order to elicit psychophysiological reactivity, indexed by electrodermal response (EDR) occurrence frequency and EDR amplitude. Physiological measurements were recorded during pretask baselines, performance of the day–night Stroop task, and performance of a speech-language control task.

Results:

Findings based on EDR measures did not support the hypothesis that the child-friendly day–night Stroop task is an effective stressor as compared to a control task based on measures of physiological arousal in preschool-age children. The CWS and CWNS did not significantly differ in their EDR measures relative to the control task or Stroop task (
p
> .05). However, CWS, compared to CWNS, exhibited significantly greater EDR amplitudes during the control task baseline (
p
< .05) and the Stroop task baseline (
p
< .05).

Conclusion:

Overall, these findings may suggest that a predisposition to heightened levels of sympathetic activity prior to tasks in preschool-age CWS is important to consider with regard to the nature of developmental stuttering.
Quadrilateral broadband lens antenna to radiate simultaneous or independent four beams
Authors: Ramezani Dana , Taskhiri Mohammad Mahdi , Hadian Ebrahim
Published: October 2022

In this letter, a quadrilateral broadband inhomogeneous lens is designed and realized to be used for simultaneous beams and independent multi beams applications, separately. The lens structure is realized and fabricated on a multilayer Plexiglass sheet. The results of simulations and experiments indicate good performances of the designed lens in the wide frequency bandwidth.
Adaptive detection for resolvable multipath signal under heterogeneous clutter
Authors: Cao Chun , Fan Chongyi , Du Huagui , Wang Jian , Huang Xiaotao
Published: October 2022

In the urban environment, the radar is easily affected by multipath (MP) returns. The problem of detecting point‐like targets in the urban environment with the existence of resolvable MP returns under the background of heterogeneous clutter is addressed. Two adaptive detectors have been devised with a combination of prior information on the environment and echoes of target. The detectors can use the MP echoes in all MP prediction range cells for detection or in some available paths for signal detection by the available path selection algorithm that eliminates the weak signal propagation paths. Remarkably, the proposed decision schemes exhibit the desirable constant false alarm rate property with respect to the unknown parameters of the heterogeneous interference. The performance assessment, conducted on simulated data in terms of detection probability also in comparison with conventional solutions, highlights the effectiveness of the MP exploitation, while the MP signal is strong and shows the detection performance enhancement potential.
Adaptive intra‐pulse interference waveform generation technique based on Convolutional Neural Network—Deep Neural Network with global priority information of radar signal
Authors: Jiang Yilin , Shang Xi , Guan Lisong , Li Jinxin
Published: October 2022

To adapt to the complex and changeable electromagnetic environment of radar detection, improve the jamming effect on frequency‐agile radar and low probability of intercept radar, and solve the problem of poor jamming effect caused by intra‐pulse jamming lagging behind target radar signal, a Convolutional Neural Network—Deep Neural Network jamming waveform generation method, based on prior global information of radar signal, is presented in this study. This proposed method uses two networks to generate the overall interference waveforms. One Convolutional Neural Network—Deep Neural Network derives prior global radar information from local prior radar information, which is used by the other Convolutional Neural Network—Deep Neural Network to generate interference. In the whole scheme, an algorithm to design the intra‐pulse interference waveform based on the prior global information of the radar signal is proposed. The algorithm can generate the interference waveform samples from the number and area of multiple false targets and the relative peak between multiple false targets and the real target area by the relevant parameters. Then, an evaluation system (Matched filter, Constant False Alarm Rate Detector, and Distance resolution etc.) is established to evaluate the global effect of the designed interference waveforms. Finally, the time‐domain Root Mean Squared Errors is used as the loss function to optimise the training of the network and ultimately achieve the requirement of generating intra‐pulse adaptive interference waveforms based on radar signal fragments. The principle of generating interference waveforms is based on various aspects of the evaluation of the interference effect, which enhances the time domain correlation between multiple false target areas, thereby boosting the interference effect on the radar. The experimental results show that the proposed method based on the Convolutional Neural Network—Deep Neural Network can effectively solve the problem of intra‐pulse interference lag and small effective interference area after the pulse pressure of the interference waveform matching filter. This study offers certain reference significance for the adaptive interference waveform design based on radar prior global information.
Concurrent infall of satellites
Authors: Trelles A. , Valenzuela O. , Roca-Fábrega S. , Velázquez H.
Published: October 2022

Context. In recent years, high-quality observational data have allowed researchers to undertake an extensive analysis of the orbit of several Milky Way satellite galaxies, with the aim to constrain its accretion history. Although various research groups have studied the orbital decay of a satellite galaxy embedded inside a dark matter halo, a large variety of new physical processes have been proven to play an important role in this process, but its full scope not yet understood.

Aims. Our goal is to assess whether the orbital history of a satellite galaxy remains unchanged during a concurrent sinking. For this purpose, we analyzed the impact that the internal structure of the satellites and their spatial distribution inside the host halo may have on the concurrent sinking process due to both mass loss and the combined effect of self-friction – as processes that have not been studied before for the concurrent sinking of satellites.

Methods. We set up a set of N-body simulations that includes multiple satellites that are sinking simultaneously into a host halo and we compared them with models that include a single satellite.

Results. The main result of our work is that the satellite’s accretion history differs from the classical isolated view when we consider the collective effects. Furthermore, the accretion history of each satellite strongly depends on the initial configuration, the number of satellites present in the halo at the time of infall, and the internal properties of each satellite. We observe that compact satellites in a flat configuration fall slower than extended satellites that have lost mass, showing a non-reported behavior of dynamical self-friction; the latter is reinforced by analytical expressions that describe the orbital decay through different approaches for the dynamical friction, including (or not) the mass loss and radial dependence of the satellite. In particular, we find that such effects are maximized when satellites are located in a flat configuration. Here, we show that in a flat configuration similar to the observed vast polar structure, deviations in the apocenters can be of about 30% with respect to the isolated case, and up to 50% on the eccentricities.

Conclusions. Overall, we conclude that ignoring the collective effects produced by the concurrent sinking of satellite galaxies may lead to large errors in the determination of the merger progenitor properties, making it considerably more challenging to trace back the accretion event. Timing constraints on host density profile may be modified by the effects discussed in this paper.
Maillots et produits dérivés, vecteurs de l’identité d’un club et de sa communauté. Le cas des Girondins de Bordeaux
Authors: Mourgues Vincent
Published: October 2022

Fait social total, le football dispose d’une culture matérielle riche, notamment pour les supporters des clubs. À travers ce texte, nous nous proposons d’étudier les mécanismes d’identification et de fidélisation des publics des Girondins de Bordeaux, entre les années 1980 et les années 2010, à travers les produits dérivés du club comme les maillots, mais aussi au travers des contestations qui peuvent naître parmi les groupes de supporters face à la distance entre leur représentation du club et de son identité d’une part, et les propositions commerciales faites par le club, d’autre part.
Resilienz nach der Flucht: Perspektiven von Geflüchteten und
unterstützenden Praxisakteur*innen
Authors: Wulkau Linda , Bramesfeld Anke , Lindert Jutta
Published: October 2022

Studienziel Die Studie
beabsichtigt, die Perspektiven auf Resilienz nach der Flucht von
Geflüchteten und von unterstützenden Praxisakteur*innen
zu identifizieren (Ziel 1) und die Perspektiven beider Gruppen zueinander in
Beziehung zu setzen (Ziel 2), um die inhaltliche Tiefe des
Verständnisses von Postfluchtresilienz zu erweitern und Erkenntnisse
über Beziehungen zwischen Praxisakteur*innen und
Geflüchteten bereitzustellen.

Methodik Drei
semistrukturierte, leitfadengestützte Fokusgruppen mit
Geflüchteten (N=9) und Praxisakteur*innen (N=13)
zur Erfassung der Perspektiven beider Gruppen auf Resilienz nach der Flucht
wurden auf Deutsch durchgeführt. Sie wurden iterativ nach
Constructionist Grounded Theory ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Geflüchtete und Praxisakteur*innen berichten
Belastungsfaktoren Unsicherheit und Begrenzung, Adaptionsprozesse
Gemeinschaftlichkeit und Anstrengung sowie die Adaptionsziele Stabilität,
Verbundenheit und positive Emotionalität (Ziel 1). Die Aussagen von
Geflüchteten und unterstützenden Praxisakteur*innen zu
Resilienz nach der Flucht stimmen inhaltlich stark überein und
ergänzen sich gegenseitig. Geflüchtete berichten individualisierter
und spezifischer als Praxisakteur*innen (Ziel 2).

Diskussion Die
Aspekte der Resilienz, die Geflüchtete und unterstützende
Praxisakteur*innen nennen, replizieren Ergebnisse vorhergehender
qualitativer Studien zu Postfluchtresilienz, welche mit Geflüchteten
durchgeführt wurden. Sowohl die Belastung, adäquate
Adaptionsmöglichkeiten vor Ort z.T. nicht zu kennen, als auch Versuche,
Resilienz-förderliche Bedingungen zu schaffen, könnten
spezifisch für die Resilienz von Geflüchteten sein. Die
inhaltlichen Übereinstimmungen zwischen Geflüchteten und
Praxisakteur*innen könnten durch Erfahrungen der
Praxisakteur*innen im Rahmen von Unterstützungsprozessen oder
durch ähnliche Lebenserfahrungen der Praxisakteur*innen bedingt
sein. Die weniger individualisierte Herangehensweise an Postfluchtresilienz der
Praxisakteur*innen könnte durch ein höheres
Abstraktionsniveau, Rollenerwartungen oder Umgang mit emotionaler Belastung
verursacht sein.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse der Studie deuten
darauf hin, dass die Resilienz Geflüchteter durch universelle und
populationsspezifische Aspekte charakterisiert ist. Dass
Praxisakteur*innen, die Geflüchtete unterstützen und
Geflüchtete inhaltlich bezüglich der Resilienz nach der Flucht
übereinstimmen, validiert die Ergebnisse bisheriger qualitativer Studien
zu Resilienz nach der Flucht. Die Studie ermittelte darüber hinaus
unterschiedliche Herangehensweisen von Geflüchteten und
Praxisakteur*innen an Postfluchtresilienz, deren Verursachung weiterer
Forschung bedarf.
Tue Gutes und sprich darüber!
Authors: Keyßer Gernot
Published: October 2022

Die Geschichte der Kinderrheumatologie in Deutschland ist ein Beispiel für
den Erfolg einer beharrlichen und engagierten Arbeit von Kinderärztinnen und
-ärzten, die es auf erfreuliche Art verstanden haben, die Fortschritte der
molekularen Medizin, der Medikamentenentwicklung, der Datenverarbeitung und der
Kommunikation für das Wohl rheumakranker Kinder nutzbar zu machen.
Fallbericht über die Erstdiagnose einer HIV-Erkrankung eines jungen Seemanns durch 2 AIDS-definierende Erkrankungen mit letalem Intensivverlauf
Authors: Herpertz Gerrit , Haerting Matthias , Radke Oliver
Published: October 2022

Anamnese Wir sahen einen zuvor gesunden 30-jährigen südostasiatischen Seemann mit progredientem Husten und Fieber. 

Untersuchungen Wir fanden eine atypische Pneumonie bei positivem HIV-Test. Im Verlauf erfolgten eine Bronchiallavage und weitere Untersuchungen zur Diagnostik etwaiger opportunistischer Infektionen. Das Labor zeigte eine Viruslast von 3340 000 Kopien/ml und eine CD4-Zellzahl von 36/µl.

Diagnose HIV-„Late Presenter“ im CDC-Stadium C3 mit Pneumocystis jirovecii und CMV-Pneumonie.

Therapie Wir therapierten mit Meropenem, Moxifloxacin, Cotrimoxazol, Ganciclovir und Genvoya.

Verlauf Es kam zu einer fulminanten kardiopulmonalen Verschlechterung, sodass die maschinelle Beatmung notwendig wurde. Letztendlich verstarb der Patient 12 Tage nach Aufnahme, trotz Intensivtherapie mit Dialyse und kinetischer Lagerungstherapie, am Multiorganversagen.

Folgerung Dieser Fall zeigt die Schwierigkeiten der Pharmakotherapie und der Medikamenten-Interaktionen bei der Behandlung eines HIV-Late Presenter mit Multiorganversagen. Die Beratung durch die Krankenhausapotheke und das Antibiotic Stewardship Team war wesentlich für die Behandlung des Patienten. Letztendlich sollten solche Patienten in spezialisierten Zentren behandelt werden.
Die Erwerbsperspektive in Berufen des Gesundheitsdienstes –
Wie lange wollen, können und planen ältere Erwerbstätige
(zu) arbeiten?
Authors: Garthe Nina , Hasselhorn Hans Martin
Published: October 2022

Zielsetzung Ziel des Betrages ist es, die Erwerbsperspektive von
älteren Beschäftigten in Berufen des Gesundheitsdienstes im
Berufsgruppenvergleich darzustellen. Dabei werden drei Aspekte der
Erwerbsperspektive unterschieden: bis zu welchem Alter die Beschäftigten
noch arbeiten wollen, können und planen.

Methoden Datengrundlage sind die zweite (2014) und dritte (2018) Welle der
repräsentativen lidA-Studie, welche Beschäftigte der
Geburtsjahrgänge 1959 und 1965 seit 2011 im Abstand von 3 bis 4 Jahren
befragt. In deskriptiven Quer- und Längsschnittanalysen werden
fünf Berufsgruppen des Gesundheitsdienstes mit weiteren Berufsgruppen
verglichen (NStichprobe=2.580).

Ergebnisse Die untersuchten Berufsgruppen unterscheiden sich deutlich in
ihrer Erwerbsperspektive. Auffällig sind Beschäftigte in
Pflegeberufen, denn sie wollen im Mittel früh aus dem Erwerbsleben
aussteigen; vor allem aber können sie nicht so lange arbeiten wie sie
planen. Längsschnittanalysen zeigen, dass sich die Erwerbsperspektive
mit dem Herannahen an das Regelrenteneintrittsalter verlängert.

Schlussfolgerungen Pflegeberufe sind Risikogruppen in Bezug auf den
Erwerbsverbleib und bedürfen besonderer Aufmerksamkeit auf betrieblicher
Ebene. Die Ergebnisse zeigen erstmals die individuelle Veränderung der
Erwerbsperspektive über die Zeit, was eine Chance für die
Personalführung impliziert.
Roboter-assistierte Mediastinalchirurgie
Authors: Rückert Jens-Carsten , Huang Luyu
Published: October 2022

Innerhalb der Thoraxchirurgie ist die mediastinale Chirurgie traditionell besonders anspruchsvoll hinsichtlich vieler entscheidender anatomischer Strukturen auf sehr engem Raum. Die
Raumforderungen des Mediastinums sind sehr verschiedenartig und bilden im vorderen, mittleren oder hinteren Mediastinum mit differenten Schwerpunkten Indikationen zur operativen Therapie.
Die technischen Möglichkeiten der Roboterassistenz können dabei das Erfordernis der Präzision für alle onkologischen Aspekte am besten unterstützen. Am häufigsten sind Operationen im
vorderen Mediastinum mit dem Schwerpunkt der Thymektomie. Dabei ist die Radikalität von besonderer Bedeutung. Die weltweite rasante Entwicklung der roboterassistierten mediastinalen
Chirurgie bestätigt deren initiale und kontinuierliche Schrittmacherrolle für die minimalinvasive Thoraxchirurgie.
Feasibility of telemedicine for patients with parkinsonism in the Brazilian public health system
Authors: Santos Daniel Teixeira , Camelo Daniel Monte Freire , Strelow Matheus Zschornack , Silva Maysa Tayane Santos , Führ Paula , Marins Letícia Winer , Schumacher-Schuh Artur Francisco
Published: October 2022

Background Telemedicine for patients with parkinsonism is feasible, cost-effective and satisfactory. However, the feasibility of this modality of care for this subpopulation is not known in real-life scenarios of developing countries like Brazil.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of telemedicine for patients with parkinsonism in a developing country.

Methods A cross-sectional study with patients with parkinsonism treated in the Brazilian public healthcare system. We included 130 patients, who were contacted by telephone; those who could be reached underwent a structured interview for data collection. The primary outcomes were the feasibility of teleconsultations and video consultations, but we also performed a logistic regression regarding the feasibility of a video consultation and associated factors.

Results Telemedicine was feasible and accepted by 69 (53.08%) patients regarding teleconsultations and by 50 (38.5%) patients regarding video consultations. Teleconsultations were feasible for 80.2%, and video consultations were feasible for 58.1% of the patients reachable through telephone calls. Having a higher family income was positively correlated with the feasibility for a video consultation while a negative association was observed regarding being married or in a stable union and having a low level of schooling.

Conclusions A significant proportion of patients with parkinsonism in a developing country are unreachable, unwilling, or unable to participate in telemedicine. Among the reachable patients, feasibility is higher but still lower than what is reported in studies in developed countries. Family income, level of schooling, and marital status were associated with the feasibility of video consultations.
The preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predictive value for survival in patients with brain metastasis
Authors: Picarelli Helder , Yamaki Vitor Nagai , Solla Davi Jorge Fontoura , Neville Iuri Santana , Santos Alexandra Gomes dos , Freitas Bruno Spindola Amaral Garcia de , Diep Calvin , Paiva Wellingson Silva , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha
Published: October 2022

Background The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) have been previously studied as predictors of survival in different malignancies.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of these hematologic inflammatory biomarkers for patients with brain metastases (BM).

Methods We reviewed a consecutive cohort of patients at Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP-FMUSP) from 2011 to 2016 with ≥ 1 BM treated primarily by surgical resection. The primary outcome was 1-year survival. We optimized the NLR, MLR, PLR, and RDW cutoff values, preserving robustness and avoiding overestimation of effect size.

Results A total of 200 patients (mean age 56.1 years; 55.0% female) met inclusion criteria. Gross-total resection was achieved in 89.0%. The median (quartiles) preoperative and postoperative KPS scores were 60 (50–80) and 80 (60–90), respectively. Preoperative NLR was significantly associated with survival (HR 2.66, 95% CI: 1.17–6.01, p = 0.019). A NLR cutoff value of 3.83 displayed the most significant survival curve split.

Conclusions Preoperative NLR is an independent predictor of survival in newly diagnosed BM. We propose a cutoff value of 3.83 for preoperative NLR testing may be clinically useful as predictor of poor survival in this population. The wide accessibility of the NLR favors its inclusion in clinical decision-making processes for BM management.