bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agility in the Events Sector A Case Study of a Business Event in Finland (Valentina Gorchakova and Ekaterina Berdysheva)
Authors: Gorchakova Valentina , Berdysheva Ekaterina
Published: May 2021

The events industry was estimated at $1,100 billion in 2018 and was expected to grow to reach $2,330 billion by 2026 (Allied Market Research, n.d.). Year 2020, however, turned out to be perhaps the most transformative year in the industry in the last decades. Numerous events, from smaller family occasions, like weddings, to major events of the likes of the Wimbledon tennis tournament, the UEFA EURO 2020, Glastonbury Festival and the Cannes Film festival, had to be cancelled due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The combined economic impact is not yet known but will be a loss in the hundreds of billions of US dollars (Gössling, Scott, & Hall, 2021). This shows the vulnerability of the events industry to major crises. Despite the negative impacts of crises on events, there is a paucity of research that explores organizational responses under unusual, unprecedented or critical circumstances in the events sector. This chapter applies the concept of agility in event organization within volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous, so-called VUCA, environment (Bennett & Lemoine, 2014) that dominated year 2020 due to the unfolding pandemic. The agile approach is often seen as a stream of new ideas leading to elegantly simple solutions. It requires a high energy level of the team involved due to the tight constraints and deadlines. The authors introduce a case study of a business festival organized in Turku (Finland) and discuss the decision-making process, stakeholder involvement, introduction of a new modus operandi, and the new event format that was chosen.
Events Employment Crises’ Impacts and Resolutions (Richard N S Robinson and Yawei Jiang)
Authors: Robinson Richard N.S. , Jiang Yawei
Published: May 2021

The aim of this chapter is to consider employment in relation to the broader events industry and crisis. In doing so this contribution homes in on two substantial research gaps in the literature. The first, related to the intrinsic interdependency between the events industry and the tourism and hospitality industries (Getz & Page, 2016), is that there is a well-documented academic and policy-maker ambivalence towards workforce issues in the broader tourism, hospitality, and event industries relative to other topics in these domains (Baum et al., 2016; Liu, 2018; Muskat & Mair, 2020). The second gap is that although there is a rich literature related to tourism and events recovery from, and resilience to, crisis and disasters, their impacts on workforce, and the role they play in recovery is ill-understood (Ritchie & Jiang, 2019). There is, however, also an interdependency between many of the entertainment, cultural and sporting industries and events (Getz, 1997). Almost without exception the global tourism (hospitality and events) and entertainment (cultural and arts) have been the hardest hit economically by the COVID-19 pandemic (Sigala, 2020). A focal point of this chapter, therefore, will be the consideration of not only direct event employment effects vis-a-vis crises but also the ripple effects on other workforces dependent on the ‘soft infrastructure’ that the event industry generates.
Stakeholder Management (Donald Getz)
Authors: Getz Donald
Published: May 2021

This chapter presents concepts and principles for stakeholder manage- ment in a time of crisis, and how stakeholder management is an essential part of recovery and resilience. Definitions, stakeholder theory, case studies and practical advice for event stakeholder management has been provided in the book Event Stakeholders by Mathilda van Niekerk and Donald Getz (2019). However, it was written before the 2020 pandemic and did not specifically address crisis management. A number of interviews and case studies have been incorporated in this book, reflecting the views of experts in a wide range of event settings and types. The interviewees were asked to comment on the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the events sector, from their perspectives, on actions taken and plans for recovery, and on the key stakeholders for recovery and building resilience. A summary of the interviews and case studies is contained in the final chapter. While not all crises are as serious as the pandemic, 2020 generally being seen as a worst-case scenario, this material is valuable in shedding light on any form of crisis facing events, and in particular on the vital roles played by internal and external stakeholders. Who or what is a stakeholder? For a privately owned event, owners and direct investors are the shareholders, while stakeholders can broadly be defined as persons or organizations that have something to gain or lose by the actions of the event. They might have an investment in an event, or a perceived interest. An investment can be tangible or intangible. For example, tangible investments can be in the form of being a marketing or logistical partner, supplier, volunteer, paid employee, sponsor or other type of participant. Communities, cities and destinations invest in events and consider themselves to be important stakeholders, their investments being both tangible (e.g., money, venues, marketing, other services) or intangible (e.g., moral and political support, attendance, or – at a minimum – tolerance).
Theoretical Perspectives of Crisis Management and Recovery for Events (Vassilios Ziakas, Vladimir Antchak and Donald Getz)
Authors: Ziakas Vassilios , Antchak Vladimir , Getz Donald
Published: May 2021

The world is always subject to crises and many times significant developments or changes occur in the aftermath of a crisis. In this regard, any crisis can be viewed as a turning point or critical juncture, though typically characterized by ambiguity, volatility and grave worries about the future. A crisis can cause continuing existential and socio-economic impacts; however, it also provides opportunities for creativity and innovation by re-imagining and reconfiguring the strategic purpose of organizations. Crises are apposite circumstances for reflection on management approaches, decision-making and the overall stability and sustainability of any system within which individual organizations operate. Arguably, any crisis prompts change to systems and organizations analogous to its scale and extent of multifaceted impacts. The recent COVID-19 pandemic is a case in point of a multifaceted crisis as it is not only a health emergency. It entirely disrupted the social world and its commerce bringing about serious repercussions to the everyday life of people. The event sector, being a mirror of society, has been affected dramatically. Compulsory closures and regulations regarding social distancing led to innumerable postponements or cancellations of planned events, from the Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo to the smallest of community celebrations. Professional and amateur sports alike postponed or cancelled their seasons. Businesses of all scales all along the supply chain, including the venues, entertainers, and suppliers of goods and services, suffered enormous economic losses.
Potencial turístico de un destino: una mirada al desarrollo y evolución. Caso: Santo Domingo, Ecuador
Authors: Reza Segovia Ana Verónica , Villarroel Noboa Jenny Mabel , Sánchez Mendoza Julieta Johana , Romero Gutiérrez José Marcelino
Published: May 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar el potencial turístico de Santo Domingo, Ecuador, mediante el análisis de sus actividades turísticas y determinar los elementos del sistema turístico de la ciudad. Se trata de una investigación de alcance exploratorio descriptivo, con un diseño no experimental transversal. Metodológicamente, está basada en el trabajo de Sergio Molina (2000). Entre los resultados, destaca el incremento de 82 actividades turísticas en el 2019, de las cuales 74 están direccionadas al área de alimentos y bebidas. En este rubro, hay dos importantes zonas gastronómicas: una en la avenida La Lorena, con 28 establecimientos; otra en la avenida Venezuela, con un total de 26 establecimientos. En total, cuenta con 86 atractivos turísticos, posee servicios básicos, atención médica pública y privada, servicio de transporte y avenidas transitables. Además, la realización de eventos es un plus de desarrollo, ya que se estima que se realizan 1754 eventos por año en 14 establecimientos (entre hoteles, universidades y asociaciones). En conclusión, la existencia de actividades turísticas en Santo Domingo permite al visitante referir la zona y generar un incremento en la demanda. Las agencias operadoras de turismo deben enfatizar el diseño de paquetes y centrarse en dar a conocer los productos locales.
O QUE TEM NO RIO PROFESSOR? ATIVIDADE INVESTIGATIVA SOBRE MACROINVERTEBRADOS NO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Teodoro Virgínia , Cunha de Menezes João Paulo
Published: May 2021

Esse trabalho apresenta um estudo qualitativo desenvolvido a partir da implementação de uma atividade investigativa explorando a fauna de macroinvertebrados em fontes de água com diferentes níveis de poluição. Os dados aqui apresentados e discutidos foram coletados por meio de gravações em áudio das atividades e diário de campo da pesquisadora. Sua análise objetivou investigar como o uso de uma atividade investigativa pode contribuir para a melhoria do ensino de Ciências. Os resultados apontaram elementos que indicam a contribuição da atividade no engajamento e interesse dos estudantes nas atividades desenvolvidas, do mesmo modo que auxiliou na compreensão dos conteúdos abordados.
Age, Sex and Strain Respond Differently to Acute Ritalin (Methylphenidate) Exposure
Authors: Kabani Asif A. , Yang Pamela B. , Dafny Nachum
Published: June 2021

The dose-dependent response to variable methylphenidate (MPD) doses on the behavior of male and female adolescent (post-natal day 39) and adult (post-natal day 60) rats of three different genetic strains was studied to examine whether there are sex, age and strain dependent differences in response to MPD. Twenty-four male and twenty-four female groups were used. The 48 groups each had an N=8. The results show that female adolescents and adult rats of Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Spontaneous Hyperactive Rat (SHR) strains were more sensitive to the acute exposure of MPD. Furthermore, female adult rats of the SD, SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) strains generally responded with greater increase in locomotor activity than the adolescent females of these strains. In the WKY strain, adolescent males tended to experience a greater increase in activity than adult males. Lastly, significant differences in response to MPD also were observed among the three genetic strains. These variable responses to the acute dose of MPD reinforce the need to study the effects of this psychostimulant across the various sexes, ages and strains.
Peran Kepala Desa Terhadap Pembangunan di Desa Wates Kecamatan Jenangan Kabupaten Ponorogo
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo, Ningrum Lutiya , Mahardhan Ardhana Januar ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo, Utami Prihma Sinta ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran kepala desa terhadap pembangunan sektor pertanian komoditas padi organik di Desa Wates Kecamatan Jenangan Kabupaten Ponorogo. Jenis penelitian pada penelitian ini adalah penelitan kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Lokasi penelitian di Desa Wates Kecamatan Jenangan Kabupaten Ponorogo. Adapun informan kunci dalam penelitian ini yaitu Kepala Desa Wates dan perwakilan gabungan kelompok tani (gapoktan) Desa Wates. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari pedoman wawancara catatan observasi lapang, dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui jika Kepala Desa Wates mempunyai peran yang sangat signifikan terhadap pembangunan pertanian di Desa Wates, yaitu ditunjukkan dengan: 1) Kepala desa dapat membuat perencanaan pembangunan desa sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat desa, 2) Kepala desa selalu memberikan pengarahan kepada perangkat desa dalam melaksanakan pembangunan, 3) Kepala desa akan mengambil keputusan dalam proses penyelenggaraan pembangunan, 4) Kepala desa mengkoordinir penyelenggaraan pembangunan desa; 5) Kepala Desa mengawasi aktivitas dalam proses penyelenggaraan pemerintah desa.
Strategi BUMDes Bintang Muda Jaya Desa Sako Margasari dalam Mengembangkan Unit Usaha Baru Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi
Authors:   Universitas Riau, Adianto Adianto , Mayarni Mayarni ,   Universitas Riau
Published: May 2021

Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi juga harus melakukan penguatan terhadap BUMDes yang dimiliki desa. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi memiliki jumlah desa sebanyak 218 desa, dari jumlah desa tersebut ada sebanyak 100 desa yang sudah memiliki BUMDes dan 118 desa yang belum memiliki BUMDes. Dari desa yang sudah memiliki BUMDes salah satunya adalah Desa Sako Margasari Kecamatan Logas Tanah Darat Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi. Realitas BUMDes di Desa Sako Margasari masih bergerak dalam kegiatan simpan pinjam bagi masyarakat desa. BUMDes yang dimiliki oleh Desa Sako Margasari belum bergerak dalam membentuk unit-unit usaha baru dalam upaya memperkuat permodalan BUMDes guna menunjang perekonomian masyarakat. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa strategi BUMDes Bintang Muda Jaya Desa Sako Margasari dalam mengembangkan unit usaha baru melalui inovasi teknologi di Desa Sako Margasari Kecamatan Logas Tanah Darat Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi masih berjalan belum maksimal. Sedangkan faktor-faktor yang menghambat penerapan strategi BUMDes Bintang Muda Jaya Desa Sako Margasari dalam mengembangkan unit usaha baru melalui inovasi teknologi di Desa Sako Margasari Kecamatan Logas Tanah Darat Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi adalah faktor rendahnya kompetensi pengelola BUMDes, faktor minimnya modal usaha untuk membuka unit usaha baru dan faktor kurangnya mitra dari BUMDes
Prospek Pembangunan Area Percontohan Smart City Polder Sangatta Utara Kabupaten Kutai Timur
Authors:   Universitas Mulawarman, Pratiwi Diana Nur , Budiman Budiman ,   Universitas Mulawarman, Jumansyah Jumansyah ,   Universitas Mulawarman, Syarifuddin Tengku Imam ,   Universitas Mulawarman
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi prospek terciptanya kawasan kota pintar percontohan di Polder Sangatta Utara, Kabupaten Kutai, dalam rangka peningkatan pengembangan kota pintar berbasis teknologi. Dalam analisis ini, teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui penggunaan purposive sampling dan teknik accidental sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tinjauan kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan secara detail prospek pertumbuhan Kabupaten Kutai Timur yang merupakan kawasan percontohan smart city di Sangatta Utara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, untuk Penelitian Polder Sangatta Utara, Kabupaten Kutai Timur, prospek pengembangan kawasan percontohan Kota Cerdas. Meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan ke luar daerah, meningkatkan perekonomian daerah, mempromosikan akses informasi bagi masyarakat, meningkatkan pemahaman teknologi, menciptakan lapangan kerja, menarik wisatawan dengan membangun pariwisata di Polder Sangatta Utara dengan promosi objek wisata yang melibatkan pemerintah, swasta dan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan, pertumbuhan, pembangunan dan pengembangan objek wisata.
Kondisi Tutupan Lahan di Kabupaten Tangerang Berdasarkan Indeks Vegetasi
Authors: Nurul Muhammad , Prasiamratri Naira , Elvira Wayan Vinna , Safitri Wulan , Prabowo Rizky
Published: May 2021

Kabupaten Tangerang merupakan sebuah daerah kabupaten yang berada di Provinsi Banten dan berpusat di Tigaraksa. Pembangunan yang yang dilakukan terus-menerus di Kabupaten Tangerang secara tidak langsung memiliki dampak terhadap menurunnya lahan vegetasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis tingkat kerapatan vegetasi di Kabupaten Tanggerang menggunakan data citra satelit Landsat 8 yang nantinya untuk pemantauan dan penataan penggunaan lahan. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode NDVI guna menggambarkan citra Landsat 8, metode NDVI akan sangat sensitif pada kegiatan proses fotosintesis pada vegetasi sehingga nilai NDVI dapat digunakan untuk membuat klasifikasi vegetasi. Nilai NDVI Kabupaten Tangerang didapatkan pada nilai maksimum diangka 0.83543 dan nilai minimum pada angka -0,686873. Persebaran vegetasi Kabupaten Tangerang dengan sistem informasi geografis didapatkan tiga kelas tingkat kerapatan vegetasi yakni vegetasi jarang, vegetasi, dan vegetasi lebat. Kabupaten Tangerang didominasi oleh vegetasi lebat dengan daerah non vegetasi yang masih kecil menandakan vegetasi yang tersebar masih sehat. Daerah dengan kerapatan vegetasi tertinggi dengan penggunaan lahan bukan pertanian condong pada daerah selatan Kabupaten Tangerang yang berbatasan dengan Kota Bogor. Sebaliknya dengan daerah dengan kerapatan vegetasi rendah dengan lahan pemukiman menyebar pada daerah perbatasan dengan Kota Tangerang Selatan dan DKI Jakarta.
Komparasi Luas Tutupan Lahan di Kota Bandar Lampung Berdasarkan Algoritma NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) dan EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index)
Authors: Luvi Luvi Roma Doni , Yuliantina Aisah , Dewi Rafika , Pahlevi M Zaki , Kusumawardhani Nur Aysha
Published: May 2021

Lahan adalah salah satu sumber daya alam penting yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh makhluk hidup baik hewan, tumbuhan, dan manusia untuk berpijak, sebagai tempat hidup serta melakukan kegiatan kehidupan serta untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Ibukota Provinsi Lampung menjadi lokasi penelitian ini yaitu Kota Bandar Lampung. Untuk menentukan luasan wilayah tutupan lahan salah satunya yaitu dengan cara mengidentifikasi kumpulan vegetasi. Vegetasi yang bervariatif bisa disebabkan karena bermacam-macam faktor, yaitu penyebaran tumbuhan, iklim dan jenis tanah. Vegetasi yang merupakan penyusunan lahan memiliki jenis yang beraneka ragam sehingga akan memiliki kelas kerapatan vegetasi berbeda untuk setiap daerah.  Beberapa metode citra satelit telah dikembangkan untuk mengestimasi wilayah tutupan lahan di suatu daerah, antara lain metode Algoritma NDVI dan EVI yang dipakai pada penelitian kali ini. Penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan hasil antara NDVI dan EVI, di mana metode EVI lebih baik dalam mengidentifikasi sebuah vegetasi. Hasil  klasifikasi atau kerapatan vegetasi Kota Bandar Lampung bahwa vegetasinya sudah kurang yang baik dikarenakan untuk wilayah non vegetasi yang sudah tinggi dibandingkan dengan daerah vegetasi tinggi. Dengan begitu daerah yang bukan vegetasi atau non vegetasi mungkin dapat diciptakan vertical garden (taman vertikal) untuk menjaga vegetasi tumbuhan.
Aplikasi Geospasial Untuk Analisis Potensi Bahaya Longsor Menggunakan Metode Weighted Overlay (Studi Kasus Kabupaten Kudus, Jawa Tengah)
Authors: Nurfaiz Fathurrahman Yasien  , Felia Yustika  , Intan Permatasari  , Muthiah Sari
Published: May 2021

SIG sebagai media untuk mempermudah penyajian informasi spasial juga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai dasar interpretasi daerah potensi bencana longsor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi bencana tanah longsor di Kabupaten Kudus dengan menggunakan metode Weighted Overlay. Metode ini merupakan analisis spasial menggunakan teknik overlay pada beberapa peta yang berkaitan dengan faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi penilaian kerentanan dengan teknik yang menerapkan sebuah skala penilaian untuk membedakan dan menidaksamakan input menjadi sebuah analisa yang terintegrasi. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan data analisis Boolean, dengan parameter yaitu data kelerengan, data curah hujan, data jenis tanah, data tutupan lahan, data infrastruktur, dan data struktur geologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi bencana tanah longsor di kabupaten kudus ini terbagi menjadi 4 kelas yaitu sangat rendah, rendah, tinggi dan sangat tinggi. Sedangkan wilayah-wilayah yang memiliki tingkat kerawanan longsor sebagai berikut: wilayah tingkat potensi longsor rendah adalah Kecamatan Bae, Kaliwungu, Kota Kudus, Jati Mejobo, dan Kecamatan Undaan. Dan wilayah tingkat longsor tinggi pada Kabupaten Kudus adalah sebagian Kecamatan Jekulo, Kecamatan Dewe dan Kecamatan Gebog.
Perbandingan Teknik Boolean Dengan Weighted Overlay Dalam Analisis Potensi Longsor di Banjarmasin
Authors: Ukhti Feryanika , Manurung Zelica Krismalia , Mahendra M. Dhery
Published: May 2021

Longsor merupakan perpindahan massa tanah secara alami, longsor terjadi dalam waktu singkat dan dengan volume yang besar. Longsor adalah salah satu bencana alam yang merugikan, maka perlu adanya antisipasi salah satunya adalah dengan membuat peta kerentanan longsor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran zona rawan longsor pada daerah Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan dengan menggunakan teknik Boolean dan Weighted Overlay. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data RBI, data DEM, data SHP Geologi Regional Kalimantan Selatan, dan data curah hujan yang diolah dengan menggunakan software ArcMap 10.3. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pada teknik Boolean sebaran zona rawan longsor berada pada bagian utara, tenggara, selatan dan barat daya, sedangkan pada teknik Weighted Overlay sebaran zona rawan longsor hanya tersebar di bagian utara dan selatan. Jika diperhatikan teknik Boolean memasukkan semua data yang sesuai dan tidak dapat mengurutkannya, karena semua data dianggap memiliki bobot, sedangkan pada teknik Weighted Overlay tiap data diinput berdasarkan kepentingannya atau pengaruhnya. Maka yang paling sesuai digunakan dalam melihat potensi longsor daerah Banjarmasin yaitu menggunakan teknik Weighted Overlay.
Petrogenesis Intrusi Granitoid Langkup di Desa Rantau Kermas dan Sekitarnya, Kecamatan Jangkat, Kabupaten Merangin, Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Syaifullah Mulyadi , Utama Hari Wiki
Published: May 2021

Granitoid Langkup tersingkap baik di Desa Rantau Kermas, dikarenakan keberadaannya tepat tersingkap di bagian Perbukitan Barisan yang merupakan jalur busur magmatik Sunda-Banda berumur Miosen Akhir-Pliosen. Penelitian karakteristik mineralogi Granitoid Langkup menjadi penting dan menarik untuk dapat menjelaskan pembentukan batuan, dengan menggunakan analisis petrografi sehingga hasilnya dapat memberikan gambaran mengenai tipe Granitoid yang terdapat di Formasi Langkup, hubungan antara kegiatan magmatisme, serta keberadaan sumberdaya mineral dan energi. Pada metode penelitian tahap awal dilakukan pengamatan Citra Model Elevasi Digital (DEM) dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Arcgis 10.5.1 format UTM dengan skala peta 1:25.000. Tahap selanjutnya berupa survey di lapangan dengan pengamatan geomorfologi, pengamatan singkapan, pengukuran struktur geologi, dan stratigrafi terukur. Untuk mengetahui karakteristik batuan, serta tipe Granitod dilakukan analisis petrografi pada sampel batuan dengan klasifikasi batuan beku IUGS. Magma yang mengandung unsur gas dan bersifat bergerak (mobile) dengan temperatur tinggi dan tekanan yang tinggi bergerak menuju tekanan yang lebih rendah. Pergerakan magma yang menerobos naik dipengaruhi oleh pengangkatan dan struktur geologi berupa sesar yang menyebabkan terbentuknya intrusi batuan. Pada saat magma naik menginjeksi batuan samping terjadi proses silisifikasi yang mengakibatkan peningkatan derajat keasaman magma membentuk batuan granit. Pengelompokan tipe granitoid berdasarkan asal usul pembentukkan granit, granitoid di daerah penelitian termasuk granitoid tipe-I, yaitu granitoid yang terbentuk dari diferensiasi batuan beku. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan adanya mineral penciri seperti kehadiran hornblenda dan biotit. Batuan granit yang berada pada daerah penelitian dapat diinterpretasikan terbentuk pada lingkungan tektonik zona konvergen yakni pada zona tepian benua aktif (Active Continental Margin).
The Involvement of Local Community in Mangrove Forest Conservation in West Kalimantan
Authors: Roslinda Emi , Listiyawati Lilis , Ayyub Ayyub , Fikri Farih Al
Published: May 2021

Mangrove forest conservation on the coast of West Kalimantanhas been successfully carried out and saved the environment from coastal abrasion (ecological benefit) and provided economic benefits for the community. This study aims to describe the role of the community in mangrove conservation activities in the coastal areas of West Kalimantan. Survey methods were used in this research. The data was collected through interviews based on questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Data processing was conducted by calculating the percentage and then analyzed by tabulation. Mangrove conservation activities are based on community experiences in saving the environment, boosting economic activities, and obtaining benefits from conservation results. The involvement of the local community uses the bottom-up approach, starting from planning activities, implementation, utilization, and evaluation. In general, the local community’s level of involvement is still at the information and consultation stage. The involvement of the local community as an individual varies greatly, from those who are only involved as part of formality to the level of being actively involved, having decision-making authority, and being able to negotiate and deal directly with capital sources. It occurs due to the varying capacity of each individual. Keywords: forest conservation, local community, mangrove
Utilization of Wood Vinegar as a Natural Preservative for Sengon Wood (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) against Fungal Attack (Schizophyllum commune Fries)
Authors: Anggraini Riana , Khabibi Jauhar , Ridho Muhammad Rasyidur
Published: May 2021

Most wood supplied from forests currently has a low level of durability and vulnerable to wood-destroying organisms attacks. Sengon wood (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) is classified as low durable class wood (class IV-V); hence wood preservation is needed to protect from the attacks of wood-destroying organisms. One of the eco-friendly materials that can be used for wood preservation is wood vinegar. This study aims to analyze the influence of wood vinegar from tembesu (Fagraea fragrans) and rengas (Gluta renghas) on the durability of sengon wood against Schizophyllum commune Fries fungus. The results showed that wood parts and types of wood vinegar significantly affected preservative retention, absorption, penetration, and weight loss. Some of the chemical compounds contained in tembesu and rengas wood vinegar can inhibit the growth of fungi: (1) acetic acid (CAS) ethylic acid, (2) 2-propanone, 1-hydroxy- (CAS) acetol, (3) phenol, 2-methoxy- (CAS) guaiacol, and (4) phenol (CAS) izal. Preservation of wood using tembesu and rengas wood vinegar with a concentration of 70% could increase the resistance of sengon wood and improve sengon wood’s durability into very resistant (durability class I) against S. commune fungus attacks.Keywords: Falcataria moluccana, wood durability, wood parts, wood vinegar
Mineralization of Melanoidin by H₂O₂ Producing Enzymes from Marine Cyanobacteria Oscillatoria boryana BDU 92181
Authors: Kalavathi D. Francisca
Published: May 2021

Intracellular enzymes of Oscillatoria boryana BDU 92181 exhibited mineralizing activity on melanoidin, a recalcitrant pigment present in the distillery wastewater. Melanoidin decolourization was postulated to be due to the production of hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen released by the cyanobacterium during photosynthesis. The present study was aimed to find out the efficacy of the marine cyanobacterium O. boryana BDU 92181 in producing H2O2 and enzymes involved in hydrogen peroxide production with a view to utilize its potential for decolorization of melanoidin pigment in the distillery effluent. The enzymes involved in the melanoidin degradation have not so far been attempted with cyanobacteria.

The results obtained in the present work suggested the activity of the glucose oxidase and Manganese peroxidase enzymes in a marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria boryana BDU 92181 and whose activity was found to be enhanced in the presence of melanoidin.
CRM Competitive Strategy in Financial Institutions
Authors: Miremadi Alireza , Ghanadiof Omidreza
Published: May 2021

This research highlighted the most essential factors that have influenced CRM from the customers’ side. To execute this research, the researcher has reviewed literature, design a questionnaire, and distributed 430 questionnaires among the respondents in main different cities. Furthermore, the results were analyzed through SPSS and SEM Software. This research’s comprehensive CRM models try to evaluate the association of Physical Environment Quality, Products & Services, Quality of Virtual Environment, and Quality of Electronic Banking Service as an indicator of External Customer Relationship (ECR). Moreover, this study has tried to measure the influence of Trust, Satisfaction, Commitment, and Loyalty in CRM and emphasizes the fact that CRM, ECRM, and Brand management are vital concepts systems that could enhance an organization’s revenue and increase the volume of valuable customers for the banking industry.
Understanding the Perspective of Behavioral Economics’ Planning Fallacy in Improving Business Strategy for Kopi Bon
Authors: Adjie Fadhilla Sandra , Mansoor Alvanov Z. , Rustiadi Sony , Fachira Ira
Published: May 2021

In seeking differentiation value, Small Medium Enterprises tend to have limitations which hinder their way in developing the business strategy. As an SME that has established its two-year business operation—Kopi Bon is being analyzed and investigated from the perspective of behavioral economics’ Planning Fallacy—as it shows that the planning process is filled with distortion made from judgments as a result of behavioral biases. The study revealed how cognitive biases that involve planning fallacy as a supporting theory influences the company’s decision-making process—where later could be affected to the decision making in terms of operational activities which comprises of the quality of products and services, to the company’s branding. Also, the study reveals how understanding planning fallacy would make improvement towards business strategy to survive within the pandemic of COVID-19.
Sickle Cell Disease: An Overview of Oral Health Considerations for Pediatric Patients
Authors: Eleftherou Dafni , Arhakis Aristidis , Davidopoulou Sotiria
Published: May 2021

Aim: This literature review aims to update the evidence for orofacial manifestations and current treatment recommendations for children and adolescents with sickle cell disease.

Background: Sickle cell disease is a frequent hemoglobinopathy and a life-threatening genetic disorder. The lifelong condition is characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia and vaso-occlusive crisis that may occur in a variable range of clinical presentations in different regions of the body, including the oral cavity.

Review results: This review explored the most common orofacial alterations of pediatric patients with SCD. Dental caries is a common finding in SCD pediatric patients, especially in those who are socio-economically vulnerable. Moreover, malocclusions occur in high prevalence in SCD pediatric patients. Other oral health complications seen in SCD patients include periodontal inflammation, bone changes, infections, mental nerve neuropathy, facial overgrowth, delayed tooth eruption, dental anomalies, pulp necrosis, soft tissue alterations and salivary changes. Dental infections may trigger a vaso-occlusive crisis leading the patient to a higher probability on arriving in hospital emergency departments and in need for further hospital admission to deal with the correlated complications. Thus, preventive dental care and non-invasive dental procedures are the principal focus in SCD patients in order to avoid possible subsequent complications.

Conclusion: The review showed that in pediatric patients with SCD the risk for orofacial manifestations and complications depends not only on the presence of SCD but also on other confounding factors such as oral hygiene, diet habits and social conditions. Moreover, more well-designed epidemiological studies are necessary to assess the real link between SCD disease and its impact on stomatognathic health.
Periodontal Disease Status in a Population at Najran Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshabab Ahmed Zafer , Almakrami Monsour Heba , Almilaq Faisal Hassan , Alhareth Ibrahim Saleh , Hossain Md. Zahid , Hyderah Khaled Mashoor , Aseri Abdulrahman Ahmed , Alanazi Sultan Mohammed , Abdulrazzaq Mohammad Abdo
Published: May 2021

Background: The common periodontal diseases are of public health concern, with 20-50 percent of the global population affected by gingivitis and or periodontitis.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the common periodontal diseases occurring among the patients who attended the College of Dentistry hospital of Najran University. And also, to determine the correlation among the age groups, nationalities and risk factors related to periodontal diseases.

Methods: A retrospective hospital-based descriptive type study was performed, providing 352 records of male patients suffering from various types of periodontal diseases. The Centers for Disease Control and the American Academy of Periodontology (CDC-AAP) classification was used for periodontal diagnosis. Patients were grouped by age as group A (6-20 years), group B (21-40 years), group C (41-60 years) and group D (above 60 years). Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression model were adapted for data analyses.

Results: Out of 352 patients, 217 (61%) and 135 (39%) patients suffered from gingivitis and periodontitis, respectively. Mean age of the patients was 32.81 ± 15.96 (range 6-97) years. Sixty-nine (19.6%), 200 (56.8%), 60 (17.0%) and 23 (6.5%) patients of Group A, B, C and D suffered from different forms of periodontal diseases, respectively. Eighty three percent patients were of Saudis and Yemenis and the rest were of Egyptian, Bangladeshi, Pakistani, Indian, Sudanese, Jordanian, Syrian, Chadian, Ghanaian and Tunisian nationalities. Highest number of patients suffered from moderate generalized gingivitis 142 (40.3%) and moderate localized periodontitis 57 (16.2%). Majority had plaque & calculus 290 (82.4%) and the rests had diabetes mellitus, smoking and tobacco chewing habit, asthma, hypertension and heart disease. Correlations among periodontal disease, age group and risk factor were found significant (p <0.05) though between the nationality and risk factor was found not significant (p 0.999).

Conclusions: Significant relationships were observed among periodontal diseases and age, nationality and risk factors. This small study of Najran may reflect the periodontal status in a population of Saudi Arabia. Further broad scale study would be conclusive establishing such relationship in Saudi Arabian population.
Repair Responses of Pulp Tissues after Different Direct Pulp Capping Materials at Different Storage Time
Authors: Dogheim Ali Yakout , Noaman Khaled Mohamed , Kawana Khadiga Youssef , Al Samolly Walaa Mohamed
Published: May 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare histologically the repair response following direct pulp capping of mechanically exposed dogs' teeth with: Dycal, UltraBlend Plus and TheraCal LC: at different time intervals (1 week, 1 month and 3 months)

Materials and methods: A total of 54 permanent teeth of six healthy male mongrel dogs were used, divided into three groups (n=18) according to pulp capping material used. Group I: Dycal, Group II: UltraBlend Plus and Group III: TheraCal LC. All cavities were restored with Riva LC Resine Modified Glass Ionomer. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups according to storage time (n=6). Control samples (3 teeth) were added representing normal untouched teeth. The specimens were fixed, decalcified, processed to paraffin blocks. Serial sections of 5 microns thickness were prepared and stained with H&E then examined under light microscope for histologic examination and were evaluated histologically for pulp tissue organization and reparative tissue formation following scoring system used by Nowicka et al.

Results: As regards calcific barrier, all three materials, by the end of third month showed: continuity (score 3) with irregular dentin bridge formation, the morphology showed mostly irregular hard tissue and the tubules were mild in most specimens.

Conclusion: Theracal is superior to Dycal and UBP for pulp capping of mechanically exposed human teeth, it can be used as an effective direct pulp capping material. There was no statistically significant difference between the three capping agents by end of third evaluation period as regards calcific barrier and odontoblastic layer.
Edible Fungi Consumed by the Lamba and Bemba People of Haut-Katanga (DR Congo)
Authors: Wa Ngoy Kashiki Bill Kasongo , De Kesel André , Kabange Mukala Ernest , Bostoen Koen , Degreef Jérôme
Published: May 2021

The objective of this work is to establish a list of species of edible fungi consumed by the Lamba and Bemba people of Haut-Katanga (DR Congo). This study contributes to the valorization of edible fungi gathered in the miombo woodlands of Haut-Katanga. A survey was conducted among Lamba and Bemba people of the peri-urban area of Lubumbashi. The first author conducted structured and semi-structured surveys among 331 people, mostly women aged 30-50.

The results show the existence of thirty-eight edible species belonging to 9 genera and 8 families. The majority is ectomycorrhizal (66%) followed by Termitomyces (21%), while only a few are saprotrophic (13%). Lamba and Bemba people consume all taxa. Twenty-three local names have been recorded in their respective languages, i.e., Kilamba and Kibemba, two closely related Bantu languages belonging to the family’s Eastern clade. The Lamba and Bemba do not consume species of the genera Russula (Russulaceae) and Boletus (Boletaceae). We succeeded in reconstructing the conceptualization underlying the creation of several Kibemba and Kilamba mushroom names. Popular and scientific taxonomies rarely overlap: one and the same species may have different names in Kilamba and Kibemba, while one and the same name in Kilamba and/or Kibemba is often used for several congeneric species. Species considered toxic and not consumed do not have a Kilamba or Kibemba name of their own. Instead, they are collectively referred to by a term fyana fya bene, literally meaning “big (dangerous) children of them” and signaling that local consumers reject those species.
Business Viability of Small Combine Harvester in Haor Areas
Authors: Islam AKM Saiful , Alam Md. Ashraful , Kamruzzaman M. , Bhuiyan Md. Golam Kibria , Islam Md. Monirul , Pranto Mohammad Rezoan Bin Hafiz
Published: May 2021

Haor areas are the most vulnerable areas in Bangladesh. Rice is the major food crops grown in the hoar areas despite natural threats during the harvesting period. The appropriate size of the mechanical harvester is one of the solutions to mitigate the natural calamities and labor shortage in the hoar regions. This paper examines the technical and financial performance of a small combine harvester with the aim of determining its market viability in Bangladesh's hoar areas. Based on the field test and economic assessment, data on field power, forward speed, fuel consumption, time allocation in harvesting, hire fee, and payback period of machine were determined. The study showed that the operation by width was 10% less than the operation by longitudinal. Plot length and area of the plot should be more than 25m and 400 m2, respectively, to operate the small combine harvester at full capacity. Harvesting speed ranged from 0.63-0.90 km hr-1, and actual field capacity ranged from 0.03-0.05 ha hr-1. Fuel consumption ranged from 25-32 L ha-1 due to slow cutting speed. The plant density was observed higher due to cultivating high yielding variety. The machine should be operated at a low speed, preferably walking speed, to avoid clogging in the conveying chain. The combine harvester has used 56% of the harvest time, and a remaining 44% for turning purposes and other inevitable uses. The small combine harvester recorded 1.12-1.40% loss of grain. However, grain damaged was not observed during harvesting. The small combine harvester becomes profitable for the investment cost of Tk 3,50,000 with a hiring rate of Tk 10,000 Tk ha-1 following 15 ha of harvesting area in a harvest capability of 0.04 ha hr-1. This machine is suitable for a small size of land where larger sizes of machines are inaccessible. This would offer small entrepreneur different choices of paddy harvesting mechanization to encourage future adoption of enhanced innovations.
Cyber Risks in Microfinance Digitization: Exposures and Preventions among Female Headed Farm Households in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Ugwuja V. C. , Adesope O. M.
Published: May 2021

Digital finance is widely regarded as one of the most effective means of financially empowering women and increasing their financial inclusion. On the other hand, cybercriminals are constantly looking for new ways to exploit vulnerabilities and developing ever more sophisticated attack methods. As a result, the cyber risk exposures and prevention of female heads of farm households in Southern Nigeria were investigated in this paper. Unsuccessful transactions by mobile applications and POINT OF SALES (POS) terminals were often encountered by female heads, and yet their money was debited, and it took a long time for their money that was debited from unsuccessful transactions to be reversed. Avoiding lonely ATMs and not going to the ATM during late hours, ignoring emails and text messages instructing them to provide online banking details, no longer using birthdates, addresses, and other words or numbers that would make it easier for attackers to figure out their passwords, and not using the same passwords for all their different accounts were the most common cybersecurity measures used by female heads. Access to digital financial products and services was influenced by factors such as marital status, household size, business experience, internet access, possession of an ICT device, and perceived security risks. These findings call for interventions by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through policies that will improve consumer education and reduce vulnerabilities, especially among women. The CBN should also develop a forum that is easily accessible to customers for filing complaints, and erring banks should be sanctioned.
Socio-technical Context of Market Gardening in the Ruzizi Plain in Eastern DRC: Constraints and Stakeholders' Strategies
Authors: Rushigira Cadeau , Mirindi Germaine Furaha , Ngezirabona Stany Vwima
Published: May 2021

The Ruzizi Plain in general and the community of Ruzizi Plain in particular, although having considerable potential for the development of market gardening, do not manage to satisfy the demand for market garden produce in the main consumption area (Bukavu town), which continues largely to depend on Rwanda in its supplies. This situation suggests that market gardening in Ruzizi Plain is conducted in an environment marked by constraints. Some constraints relate to the actual process of production and marketing, and others are related to the quality requirements imposed by demand.

However, all these constraints are all triggers for the malfunction of market gardening sector. Faced with this, market gardeners adopt adaptive behavior to reduce and turn round these constraints. The choice of strategies by market gardeners depends on the perception of the constraints encountered and the resources available. Done on a sample of 81 market gardeners, this study enables to identify, based on an analysis of the technical context, the constraints of tomato and aubergine at Ruzizi Plain, and the strategies developed by market gardeners in the face of these constraints.
Ambient Air Pollutions along a Major South-Western Nigerian Road
Authors: Adeniyi Gbadebo Omoniyi , Lawal Olusegun Ismail , Egwenu Samuel Okemute , Sonibare Jacob Ademola , Akeredolu Funso Alaba
Published: May 2021

This study investigated the air pollutants in the ambient air of a typical intercity highway in Nigeria. This was to assess the effect of vehicular emission on air quality along the highway. The results showed that NOX concentrations ranged from 9.9±3.2 to 33.8±3.3 µg/m3 during the wet season and 19.0±1.2 to 35.4±2.3 µg/m3 during the dry season. Sulfur dioxide measured along this highway ranged from 49.7±38.1 to 219±18.1 µg/m3 during the wet season while dry season concentration ranged from 89.1±20.9 to 225.4±57.9 µg/m3. The TSP during the wet season ranged from 54.4±25.6 to 126.8±25.6 µg/m3. These values were below the limits of 250 mg/m3 set by FMEnv., and 150-230 mg/m3 by WHO. However, the TSP measured during the dry season ranged from 85.9±44.6 to 277.8±213.5 µg/m3. The average correlations between NOX, SO2, and TSP measured during wet and dry seasons and the traffic density were 0.7, 0.6 and 0.7, respectively. Air pollution along the Nigerian highway is highly linked to vehicular activities.
Morphometric and Structural Evaluations of Satellite Data from the Bosumtwi Impact Structure and Adjacent Areas in Ashanti, Ghana
Authors: Theilen-Willige B.
Published: May 2021

The Bosumtwi impact crater in Ashanti, Ghana is one of the most thoroughly investigated impact structures in Africa. Nevertheless, by the evaluations of Sentinel 1 and 2, and Landsat data as well as by ALOS PALSAR, ASTER and SRTM digital elevation model (DEM) data further geomorphological and structural knowledge can be derived. Morphometric maps were used to visualize the concentric and radial drainage and valley pattern surrounding the impact crater. The larger valleys are arranged in a nearly concentric and radial pattern like the river Pra and its tributaries, the Ofin, Anum and Brim river, tracing the outer, southern border of the impact affected area. From the ASTER and SRTM DEM data the morphological drainage basin was calculated. The drainage basin-outline is nearly circular, discharging into the Pra river in the southern part. Structural evaluations of satellite radar and optical data reveal that linear and circum-linear features can be detected more than 80 km around the Bosumtwi impact crater. Small-scale/artisanal mining activities in this area are visible on satellite images and, thus, indirectly tracing ore deposits. As detailed mineral maps are not publicly available, the position and distributions of mining areas was used as indicator for the occurrence of mineral deposits, especially placer deposits. Their occurrence and the distribution of the mining areas follows the larger rivers. Weathering processes along the deformation pattern and erosion and sedimentation probably had an influence on placer deposit development.