bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adequacy of cancer-related pain management and associated factors among cancer patients in Northwest Ethiopia a multicentre cross-sectional study
Authors: Aschale Endalamaw , Bayafers Fasil , Solomon Tewodros
Published: April 2023

Background: Pain is the most frequent problem and deleterious symptom reported by cancer patients. It is a persistent, distressing, and life-threatening condition that markedly affects the quality of life of cancer patients all over the world. Despite the availability of numerous standards for cancer-related pain treatment, studies from throughout the world show that patients often receive poor pain management.
Objective: This study aims to assess the adequacy of cancer-related pain management and associated factors among cancer patients in Northwestern Ethiopia
Method: A hospital-based multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in Northwestern Ethiopia from May to July 2022. In cancer patients, a systematic random sampling technique was used to select representatives from each study area. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software, and variables were described using frequencies and proportions. Bivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine independent predictors of the adequacy of cancer-related pain management. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results:A total of 422 participants were included, and more than half of them 249 (59%) were female. Less than half of the participants, 108 (25.6%) and 174 (41.2%) have a history of pain and metastasis, respectively. All the participants experience cancer-related pain with varying degrees of severity. About 67.5% of the participants had adequate cancer-related pain management (CI; 62.8-72). Patients with good performance status and a previous history of pain were likely to have inadequate pain management.
Conclusion; Using pain management index status in Northwestern Ethiopia, 67.5% of patients with cancer-related pain obtain adequate pain management. The adequacy of cancer-related pain management was found to be influenced by factors like comorbidity, past pain history, and Eastern cooperative oncology group performance status.
ESCO2's Oncogenic Role in Human Tumors: A Pan-Cancer Analysis and Experimental Validation
Authors: Huang Yue , Chen Dapeng , Bai Yi , Zhang Yamin , Zheng Zhiwen , Fu Qingfeng , Yi Bocun , Jiang Yuchen , Zhu Jianqiang , Zhang Zhihong
Published: April 2023

Purpose: Establishment of Sister Chromatid Cohesion N-Acetyltransferase 2 (ESCO2) is a member of histone acetyltransferases. ESCO2 is involved in the mitotic S-phase adhesins acetylation and is responsible for bridging two sister chromatids. However, present ESCO2 cancer research is limited to a few cancers. No systematic pan-cancer analysis has been conducted to investigate its role in diagnosis, prognosis, and effector function.
Methods:We thoroughly examined the ESCO2 carcinogenesis in pan-cancer by combining public databases such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx), cBioPortal, Human Protein Atlas (HPA), UALCAN, Xena Shiny databases, and TISCH. The analysis includes differential expression analysis, survival analysis, cellular effector function, gene mutation, single cell analysis, and tumor immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, we confirmed ESCO2's impacts on ccRCC cells' proliferative and invasive capacities in vitro.
Results: In our study, ESCO2 is overexpressed in most cancers and has prognostic, predictive ability in various cancers. Moreover, ESCO2 expression positively correlates with tumor stage, grade, and tumor metastasis in several cancers. Function analysis revealed that ESCO2 participates in mitosis, cell cycle, DNA damage repair, and other processes. CDK1 was identified as a downstream gene regulated by ESCO2. Furthermore, ESCO2 might also be implicated in immune cell infiltration. Finally, ESCO2'S knockdown significantly inhibited the A498 cells' proliferation, invasion, and migration.
Conclusions: In conclusion, ESCO2 is a possible pan-cancer biomarker and oncogene that can reliably predict the prognosis of cancer patients. ESCO2 was also implicated in the cell cycle and proliferation regulation. In a nutshell, ESCO2 is a therapeutically viable and dependable target.
Single-cell profiling of mosquito spermatogenesis defines the onset of meiotic silencing and pre-meiotic overexpression of the X chromosome.
Authors: Page Nicole , Taxiarchi Chrysanthi , Tonge Daniel , Chesters Emily , Kuburic Jasmina , Game Laurence , Nolan Tony , Galizi Roberto
Published: April 2023

Understanding of the Anopheles gambiae germline has been essential to acquiring effective genetic control strategies targeting this malaria mosquito vector. This includes targeting germline genes to induce sterility or using regulatory sequences to drive transgene expression for applications such as gene drive. However, only very few germline regulatory elements have been characterised with the majority showing leaky expression. This has been shown to significantly reduce the efficiency of current genetic control strategies, which rely on regulatory elements that are more tightly restricted in their spatial and/or temporal expression. Additionally, meiotic silencing of the sex chromosomes during spermatogenesis limits the flexibility of transgene expression for design of novel genetic control strategies. In this work, we build on our previous study that dissected gametogenesis into four distinct cell populations. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to further discriminate these populations and define distinct germline cell-types. In doing so, we revealed an overexpression of X-linked genes in the germline stem cells (GSCs) and were able to pinpoint the onset of meiotic silencing of the X chromosome in the spermatogonia/primary spermatocytes. This study provides a comprehensive dataset to identify genes expressed at specific stages of spermatogenesis, widening the toolkit for genetic control of malaria mosquitoes.
Establishment and Analysis of a Prognostic Model of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas Based on Nerve-Cancer Crosstalk-related Genes
Authors: Jiang Lei , Lu Xiaozhi , Jiang Kuirong , Miao Yi , Yu Jun , Yin Lingdi , Wei Jishu
Published: April 2023

Background
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma（PDAC）is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related death globally. It has an extremely poor prognosis, and its incidence rate and mortality are considered to increase sharply over the next few years. Combined chemotherapy after surgery is still the best treatment, and it is also the only curative option. Improvements in the understanding of genetic mutations, the tumor microenvironment (TME), and targeted therapies continue to improve the progression of PDAC. Nerves are an important component of the TME of pancreatic cancer. However, the role of cancer-nerve crosstalk-related genes in PDAC is still unclear.
Results
In our study, we constructed a prognostic model based on cancer-nerve crosstalk-related genes with prognostic value. The xCell algorithm was used to analyse the cell component enriched from samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PDAC cohort. We found the neuronal content was significantly correlated with prognosis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, GO, and KEGG enrichment analyses were used to identify nerve-related genes in PDAC. From the forty-two nerve-cancer crosstalk genes, we used K-M plotter to identify the canditate genes for LASSO regression. We constructed a three-gene prognostic model (CHRNB2, CHRNA10, NGFR). The model could effectively test and verify its 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates in the TCGA-PDAC cohort. The effectiveness of the model was verified by external test data. The genes of this model were highly related to tumor progression and other immune microenvironments.
Conclusion
In summary, we used bioinformatics analysis to construct an effective prognostic model, explored the key mechanism of nerve-cancer cross-talk and revealed the potential of cancer-nerve cross-talk-related genes as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in PDAC.
Early antiretroviral therapy favors post-treatment SIV control associated with expansion of enhanced memory CD8+ T cells. pVISCONTI study
Authors: Saez-Cirion Asier , Passaes Caroline , Desjardins Delphine , Chapel Anais , Monceaux Valérie , Lemaitre Julien , Melard Adeline , Avettand-Fenoel Veronique , Perdomo-Celis Federico , Müller-Trutwin Michaela , Mouquet Hugo , Planchais Cyril , David Annie , Grand Roger Le , Dimant Nastasia , Bosquet Nathalie , Barrail-Tran Aurélie , Gouget Hélène , Guillaume Céline , Relouzat Francis , Lambotte Olivier , Guedj Jeremie , Rouzioux Christine
Published: April 2023

Post-treatment HIV controllers (PTCs) offer evidence that HIV remission can be achieved in some people after antiretroviral treatment (ART) discontinuation. However, the circumstances and mechanisms leading to PTC remain unclear. We evaluated the impact of early (week 4) vs late (week 24 post infection) ART initiation in SIVmac251-infected cynomolgus macaques that received 2 years of ART before analytical interruption (ATI). Early ART strongly promoted PTC. The divergent outcome of early and late-treated macaques was not related to differences in the frequency of infected cells at ATI. Rather, early treatment favored the development of long-term memory CD8+ T cells with enhanced proliferative and SIV suppressive capacity that were able to mediate a robust secondary-like response upon viral rebound. Our model allowed to formally demonstrate a link between ART initiation during primary infection and the promotion of post-treatment control and provided results that may guide the development of new immunotherapies seeking-HIV remission.
A generalized estimator for estimation of population proportion using dual auxiliary attribute under simple random sampling
Authors: Ahmad Sohaib , Shabbir Javid , Zahid Erum , Aamir Muhammad , Iftikhar Soofia
Published: April 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Scalable fabrication of gap-plasmon-based dynamic and chromogenic nanostructures by capillary-interaction driven self-assembly of liquid-metal
Authors: Gupta Tapajyoti Das , Sahu Renu Raman , Ramasamy Alwar Samy , S Santosh Bhonsle , C Mark Vailshery D
Published: April 2023

Dynamically tunable nanoengineered structures for coloration show promising applications in sensing, displays, and communication. However, their potential challenge remains in having a scalable manufacturing process over large scales in 10s of cm of area. For the first time, we report a novel approach for fabricating chromogenic nanostructures that respond to mechanical stimuli by utilizing the fluidic properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a substrate and the interfacial tension of liquid metal-based plasmonic nanoparticles. Relying on the PDMS tunable property and a physical deposition method, our approach is single-step, scalable, and does not rely on high carbon footprint lithographic processes. By tuning the oligomer content in PDMS, we show that varieties of structural colors covering a significant gamut in CIE coordinates are achieved. We develop a model which depicts the formation of Ga nanodroplets from the capillary interaction of oligomers in PDMS with Ga. We showcase the capabilities of our processing technique by presenting prototypes of reflective displays and sensors for monitoring body parts, smart bandages, and the capacity of the nanostructured film to map force in real-time. These examples illustrate this technology’s broad range of applications, such as large-area displays, devices for human-computer interactions, healthcare, and visual communication.
Multimode Design and Analysis of an Integrated Leg-Arm Quadruped Robot with Deployable Characteristics
Authors: Zhao Fu-Qun , Wu Yi-Fan , Yang Xin-Hua , Ding Xi-Lun , Xu Kun , Guo Sheng , Jin Xiao-Dong
Published: April 2023

To improve locomotion and operation integration, this paper presents an integrated leg-arm quadruped robot (ILQR) that has a reconfigurable joint. First, the reconfigurable joint is designed and assembled at the end of the leg-arm chain. When the robot performs a task, reconfigurable configuration and mode switching can be achieved using this joint. In contrast from traditional quadruped robots, this robot can stack in a designated area to optimize the occupied volume in a nonworking state. Kinematics modeling and dynamics modeling are established to evaluate the mechanical properties for multiple modes. All working modes of the robot are classified, which can be defined as deployable mode, locomotion mode and operation mode. Based on the stability margin and mechanical modeling, switching analysis and evaluation between each mode is carried out. Finally, the prototype experimental results verify the function realization and switching stability of multimode and provide a design method to integrate and perform multimode for quadruped robots with deployable characteristics.
Impact of COVID-19 on Water Consumption Habits in Kocaeli, Turkey
Authors: Görenekli Kasım , Gülbağ Ali
Published: April 2023

Water is essential for living things and cannot be substituted. The rapidly growing world population causes people to change their needs and habits. The need for water is increasing day by day. In order to maintain water distribution continuously, water must be used economically. Considering that Turkey's per capita water amount is below the world average in terms of geographical location, we cannot say that the Turkey is rich in water resources. It is inevitable that we ensure the efficiency and sustainability of existing water supplies, by making use of existing hardware and software technologies. Climate changes affect water resources. The affects of Covid-19 were significiantly high during the lockdown. Throughout history, disease outbreaks have affected people's lifestyles and habits. As a result, it is important to forecast water demand during such periods. According to the hourly data collected from 33 households, water consumption during the pandemic increased by 27.93% compared to the pre-pandemic period. However, based on the monthly water consumption data, it was observed that the water consumption per household in 2022 increased by 1.04% compared to the pre-pandemic period in 2019 in Kocaeli.
Charge Transfer Processes In Granulated Mg3Sb2 Particles
Authors: o'g'li Omonboev Fazliddin Lutfiddin , Teshaboyevich Mamadalimov Abdug’apfur
Published: April 2023

In the article, temperature dependence of specific resistance (ρ), concentration of charge carriers (n) and mobility (µ) was studied experimentally at T = 300–700 K to study charge transfer processes in granulated Mg3Sb2 particles. The research results were explained on the basis of the charge transfer mechanism in Mg3Sb2 particles. In particular, at the initial stage of temperature increase, Т≤375 К, localized traps with energy level Ein appear in the interparticle boundary areas of the heated part of the sample. When charge carriers are trapped in them, ρ increases sharply, and n decreases. In the later stages of temperature increase, the thermal phenomenon increases along the length of the sample. In this process, localized traps with energy level Ein appear successively in the interparticle boundary regions located along the length of the sample. In relation to the charges held in them, the concentration of the generated charge carriers n increases in accordance with the increase in temperature, in this case ρ changes steadily. The increase of the potential barrier height in the interparticle boundary regions from ϕ ∼ 0.411 eV to 0.91 eV confirms the above considerations. In addition, under the influence of temperature, the particle size and impurity ionization in the interparticle boundary areas or thermal fluctuations of the crystal lattice decrease the free movement path of the carriers. This leads to a decrease in µ at T = 300–700 K.
Influence of cold plasma and ultrasonication on the extraction efficiency and quality of oil from milk thistle seeds (Silybum marianum L)
Authors: Samandari Kamyab , Fathi-Achachlouei Bahram , Azadmard-Damirchi Sodief , Borhanian Jafar , Jalali-Jivan Mehdi , Assadpour Elham , Jafari Seid Mahdi
Published: April 2023

The current study was attempted to evaluate the effect of cold plasma (CP; 10 and 15 min) and ultrasonication (UT; 20 and 30 min) on the oil extraction efficiency (OEE) from Milk Thistle Seed (MTS) along with determining the quality parameters of the extracted oil, e.g. Rancimat oxidative stability, acidity value (AV), peroxide value (PV), total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity over storage times (1, 30 and 60 days, T:4 °C). Our results revealed that treatment of MTS by CP and UT increased the OEE up to 29% (15 min) and 24% (30 min), respectively. In addition, applying these treatments to oil extraction led to lower AV (CP:49%, UT:46%) and PV (CP:38%, UT:35%) following 60 days’ storage. Moreover, the oil of treated MTS had higher phenolic content (CP:74%, UT:66%) and antioxidant activity (CP:156%, UT:127%) compared to samples extracted without any treatment. Besides, applying CP for 15 min increased the amount of α-tocopherol (157%), while UT (30 min) reduced its content (76%). Also, examination of fatty acid profile showed that CP (15 min) increased linolenic acid (2.8%) and arachidonic acid (35%) and decreased oleic acid (1.66%) and linoleic acid (2.1%), whereas UT (30 min) increased linoleic acid (0.27%), linolenic acid (8%) and arachidonic acid (41%) and decreased oleic acid (2%) in final oil samples. To conclude, results of this study noticed that introducing CP and UT have remarkable capabilities to improve both the OEE and oil quality which could be beneficial from both economic and quality viewpoints for the industry.
Multivariate analyses on male factors and construction of a nomogram for predicting low in vitro fertilization rate
Authors: Lin Mengyuan , He Qingwen , Wang Honghua , Wang Yan , Jiang Shi-Wen
Published: April 2023

Objective Low fertilization rate (LFR) and total fertilization failure (TFF) are often encountered in routine IVF procedure. To solve this problem, multivariate analyses on the relationship between male factors and in vitro fertilization rate were performed, and a nomogram for prediction of LFR was constructed.
Methods This retrospective study contained 2,011 couples who received IVF treatment from January 2017 to December 2021. Man clinical characteristics, laboratory test results, in vitro fertilization rate were collected.
Results A total of 2,011 couples underwent IVF were analyzed. Among these couples, 1,347 cases had in vitro fertilization rates ≥ 30% (control group), and 664 cases had in vitro fertilization rates < 30% (low fertilization rate (LFR) group). Univariate analyses of male factors found that between the two groups there were significant differences (p<0.05) in sperm progressive motility (SPR), sperm concentration (SC), total sperm number, normal sperm morphology rate (NSMR), DFI, sperm acrosin activity (SAA) and the clinical diagnosis of primary or secondary infertility, but not in blood glucose level, MBI, and semen volume. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that SPR, SAA, and SC were independent risk factors for LFR. An algorithm and a corespondent nomogram for predicting high LFR risk were constructed using data from the training cohort. The LFR nomogram exhibited an excellent discrimination power and a high fitting degree in both the training cohort (AUC = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.88 - 0.92), (H-L: x2 = 5.43, p = 0.71) and validation cohort (AUC = 0.89, 95% CI:0.87 - 0.92), (H-L: x2 = 7.85, p = 0.45), respectively. The decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated a high efficiency of the LFR nomogram for clinical utility.
Conclusions SPR, SAA, and SC are independent risk factors for LFR. The LFR nomogram established based on these factors could be a useful tool to predict high risk of LFR, and patients with high risk of LFR can be guided to direct ICSI procedure. Clinical application of the LFR nomogram may increase the in vitro fertilization rate by facilitating the decision making in IVF service.
User experiences during the transition to calibration-free sensors with remote monitoring while using automated insulin delivery - a qualitative study.
Authors: Sehgal Shekhar , De Bock Martin , Jones Shirley , Frewen Carla , Wheeler Benjamin J
Published: April 2023

Aim:To evaluate the experiences of patients with type 1 diabetes following transition from a calibration-requiring to a calibration-free sensor and remote monitoring in the context of using automated insulin delivery (AID).Methods:Fifteen participants aged 7–65 years with type 1 diabetes participating in a longitudinal study used a Medtronic® advanced hybrid closed loop (AHCL) device with initially calibration-requiring then calibration-free sensors. Qualitative interviews were conducted ≥20 weeks following use of the calibration-requiring and ≥4 weeks after use of the calibration-free sensors/remote monitoring. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes and subthemes.Results:At baseline, mean diabetes duration was 14.5 years (±10.9), mean Hba1c 54.8 mmol/mol (±10.2) (7.2±0.9%) and Time in range 75.4% (±11.6).Participants reported a progressive improvement in digital and lifestyle integration, and device trust following transition to calibration-free sensors with remote monitoring potential. They also reported a reduced need for capillary glucose, increased device satisfaction and trust, and reduced burden of diabetes care. Negative aspects reported included periodic early sensor loss, and for some, impaired integration with mobile devices.Conclusion:Transitioning to calibration-free sensors with remote monitoring while using AID was associated with better user experience, including perceptions of improved quality of life and a reduced burden of diabetes care. Appropriate expectation setting, training, and ongoing support allow for the optimal user experience while using AID.
Defying Age: can active older adults with sarcopenic obesity overcome muscle strength and physical performance losses?
Authors: Silva Leonardo Santos Lopes da , Abdalla Pedro Pugliesi , Marcos-Pardo Pablo Jorge , Romo‑Perez Vicente , Garcia‑Soidan Jose Luis , Mota Jorge , Machado Dalmo Roberto Lopes
Published: April 2023

Background: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition characterized by a combination of low muscle mass and high body fat. It has been associated with reduced muscle strength and physical performance in older adults. However, it is not clear whether even sufficiently active older adults with SO may experience a decline in these outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the associations of SO with muscle strength and physical performance in sufficiently active older adults.Methods: We analyzed data from 72 older obese adults classified as sufficiently active based on their physical activity levels. Participants were categorized into four groups based on sex and SO status. Muscle strength parameters (knee extension using an isokinetic dynamometer, knee extension at an extensor chair, and handgrip strength) and mobility performance tests (six-minute walking distance, time up and go, and gait speed) were compared between groups using independent sample t-tests. Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression were performed to examine the associations between SO and muscle strength and physical performance variability, adjusting for confounding variables.Results: The prevalence of SO in our sample was 55.6%. Handgrip strength was the only parameter that showed differences between SO groups, regardless of sex (p < 0.05). The six-minute walking distance test showed differences only between men. Multiple linear regression showed that SO negatively explained the variability of handgrip strength (model 2: ꞵ=-0.210; p < 0.05), even when adjusted for confounding variables. Binary logistic regression showed that an increase in handgrip strength values was associated with a decrease in the chances of older adults being classified as SO (OR: 0.784 [95% CI: 0.654–0.940; p < 0.05]), even when adjusted for confounding variables.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that even with SO, sufficiently active older adults did not present a significant reduction in muscle strength in the lower limbs and physical performance. These results highlight the importance of promoting physical activity in older adults with SO to maintain their muscle strength and physical performance.
Investigating the Effects of Fly Ash on the Microstructure and Properties of Aluminium Composites using Taguchi Method
Authors: Palanichamy Ragunath , Lakshmipathy Jayakumar
Published: April 2023

This study aims to investigate the effect of fly ash addition on the mechanical and tribological properties of Al 1100 alloy. Fly ash, a waste by-product from automobile rubbers, was added to Al 1100 at different weight percentages. This study investigates the effect of fly ash content and sintering temperature on the mechanical properties and wear behavior of Al 1100-fly ash composites using the Taguchi method. The composites were fabricated through powder metallurgy, with fly ash content ranging from 0–15% and sintering temperature varied between 500°C and 700°C. Tensile and hardness tests were carried out, and the wear behavior was evaluated using the pin-on-disk method. The results showed that the addition of fly ash significantly improved the hardness of the composites. The highest hardness was observed at 9–10% fly ash content and sintering temperature of 600°C. The tensile strength of the composites was also enhanced with the addition of fly ash. The highest tensile strength was observed at 9% fly ash content and a sintering temperature of 650°C. The wear behavior of the composites was evaluated using the Taguchi method, and the results showed that fly ash content had the most significant effect on the wear resistance of the composites. The wear resistance improved with increasing fly ash content, with the highest wear resistance observed at 9% fly ash content and a sintering temperature of 700°C. The Taguchi method identified the optimal process parameters to obtain the best combination of mechanical and tribological properties. The present study demonstrates the potential of fly ash as a low-cost and sustainable reinforcement material for Al 1100 alloy. In conclusion, the Taguchi method was an effective tool for optimizing the mechanical properties and wear behavior of Al 1100-fly ash composites. The results suggest that fly ash can be used as a reinforcement in Al 1100 to enhance its mechanical properties and wear resistance, making it a promising material for various industrial application.
HNRNPLL is a Prognostic Biomarker Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immune Infiltration and Related to Migration of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Mo Jiajie , Wang Xiaowu , Xu Liming , Chen Mengtao , Zhang Qiyu
Published: April 2023

Background
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L-like (HNRNPLL) have a critical role in colorectal cancer progression and development. Althouh, the functions of HNRNPLLin liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) remain unclear.
Methods
Data from three databases, namely, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), as well as tissue microarray (TMA) data were used to investigate the correlation of HNRNPLL expression, clinical features, and prognosis. The Tumor Immune Single-cell Hub (TISCH) website was utilized to examine the relationship between various HNRNPLLmethylation sites and LIHC prognosis and clinical features. CIBERSORT and quanTIseq were used to quantify the immune infiltration level in LIHC. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to predict the gene function of HNRNPLL. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were utilized to construct a prognostic model. Eventually, the impact of HNRNPLL on migration and cell cycle were validated in two hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, namely, Huh7 and HepG2, using scratch and flow cytometry.
Results
The findings indicated that highest levels of HNRNPLL mRNA and high levels of methylation were significantly connected to lower clinical stage and prognosis. The HNRNPLL expression was significantly positively associated with a variety of immune cells, especially regulatory T cells (Tregs), and the methylation of HNRNPLL was significantly positively associated with M2 macrophages. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves verified the predictive model based on a protein interaction network had a good prognostic effect. By inhibiting the expression of HNRNPLL, we confirmed that downregulation of HNRNPLL partially reduced the invasion of Huh7 and HepG2 cells. Further, cell cycle was significantly inhibited by siRNA interference of HNRNPLL.
Conclusion
These findings indicated that HNRNPLL is a potential prognostic marker as its expression is significantly positively correlated with Tregs and its methylation status is significantly positively correlated with M2 macrophages. RNA interferes with its expression and has certain effects on cell cycle, migration and invasion.
Prospective Assessment of Early Developmental Markers and Their Association with Neuropsychological Impairment
Authors: Cainelli Elisa , Vedovelli Luca , Trevisanuto Daniele , Suppiej Agnese , Bisiacchi Patrizia
Published: April 2023

Purpose Children who experience adversities in the pre-perinatal period are at a higher risk of developing impairments later in life, despite the absence of overt brain and neurological abnormalities. However, many of these children exhibit sequelae several years after a period of normal appearance. As a result, accurate developmental assessments for the early detection of infants at high risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes have become a significant concern. The Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales (GMDS) have a promising but poorly explored prognostic ability.Methods This longitudinal study evaluated the predictive power of the GMDS at 12 and 24 months on the cognitive and neuropsychological profile at 6 years of age in a sample of 70 children with a history of prematurity or perinatal asphyxia but without brain and neurological abnormalities.Results We found that the GMDS at 24 months had good predictive ability on the IQ at 6 years and the capacity to predict some neuropsychological performances. On the other hand, the GMDS at 12 months was not associated with the performance at 6 years or with the GMDS at 24 months.Conclusions Data on brain development converge to indicate that 2 years of age is a critical stage of development, particularly for children experiencing mild pre-perinatal adversities who are thought to exhibit white matter dysmaturity. For this reason, this age is crucial for identifying which children are at major risk, leaving enough time to intervene before overt deficits become apparent.
Terminology of e-Oral Health: Consensus Report of the IADR's e-Oral Health Network Terminology Task Force
Authors: Marino Rodrigo , Uribe Sergio , Chen Rebecca , Schwendicke Falk , Giraudeau Nicolas , Scheerman Janneke
Published: April 2023

Objective: The International Association of Dental Research e-Oral Health Network (e-OHN) aimed to establish a consensus on terminology related to digital technologies used in oral healthcare.
Method:
The consensus process was comprised of four main stages.First, the task force created a list of terms and definitions around digital health technologies based on the literature and established a panel of experts. Second, email-based consultations and online meetings were organized with the panel of experts to confirm an initial set of terms. Third, this list of terms was presented at the IADR annual meeting to refine the list based on experts’ comments. Fourth, to reach consensus, the taskforce used group discussion and crowdsourcing, to solicit expert opinion about the terminology. A Delphi-questionnaire was sent online to all experts to ask their opinion about the terms and their definitions.
Results: The study led to the identification of an initial set of 43 terms. The list of initial terms was refined to a core set of 37. Thirty-four experts took part in the consensus process about terms and definitions. From them, 27 experts completed the first rounds of consultations, and 14 the final round of consultations. All terms and definitions were confirmed via online voting (i.e., achieving above the agreed 70% threshold), which suggest their agreed recommendation for use in e-oral health research, dental public health, and clinical practice.
Conclusion: This is the first study in oral health organised to achieve consensus in e-oral health terminology. This terminology is presented as a resource for interested parties to be used. These terms were also conceptualised to fit with a new healthcare ecosystem and the place of e-oral health within it.
Comparison of emergency and consulting physicians’ perspective on emergency room consultation
Authors: Limapichat Thanya , SuvithyasiriLimapichat Thanawat
Published: April 2023

Purpose: Effective consultation in the emergency room (ER) improves patient outcomes and reduces the burden on the healthcare system. One of the most serious issues that arises during consultations is the behavior of physicians and their ineffective processes. However, no research has been conducted to compare the perspectives of the physicians as well as the psychological effects during consultation. The primary outcome was the ER consultation process from the perspective of emergency and consulting physicians. The secondary outcomes were inappropriate behavior and its effect on emergency physicians’ (EPs) mental health.
Methods: This study included emergency and consultant physicians from nine departments. Participants (N = 144, 115 consulting physicians and 29 EPs) completed questionnaires that included items about Chad Kessler’s 5-C model (contact, communication, core question, collaboration, and closing the loop) and emergency and consultants’ behavior or problems. Data were collected from February 2022 to June 2022.
Results: Most of the steps in the 5-C model had a mean score higher than 7.0. There were significant differences (p < .05) in all domains of Kessler’s 5-C model when comparing the perspectives on EPs’ behavior between the two groups. Disrespectful behavior was the most common inappropriate behavior among the consulting physicians. The most inappropriate behaviors of EPs were “an EP could not be found bedside” and “consulting about a condition that could be managed as an outpatient.” EPs believed that being “concerned about consulting with the same physician in the future” was the top psychological effect, with a mean (SD) of 4.7 (2.7).
Conclusions: Physicians agreed that Kessler’s 5-C model can lead to effective consultation and conflict reduction. Including this model in residency-training program is recommended. Physicians should improve their communication skills and avoid disrespectful behavior.
MSC-derived exosomes protect auditory hair cells from neomycin-induced damage via autophagy regulation
Authors: Liu Huan , Kuang Huijuan , Wang Yiru , Bao Lili , Cao Wanxin , Yu Lu , Qi Meihao , Wang Renfeng , Yang Xiaoshan , Ding Feng , Ren Lili , Ye Qingyuan , Liu Siying , Ma Furong , Liu Shiyu
Published: April 2023

Increasing incidence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has raised concerns over the disease, while the limited treatment options have motivated the study of new biological therapies. Among these, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been shown to improve hearing function, and accumulating evidence indicates that MSCs could impart their therapeutic effects by secreting exosomes. However, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms are not fully understood. Herein, in a neomycin-induced SNHL model, we found that exosomes released by MSCs rescued hearing loss and ameliorated hair cell loss by regulating autophagy of the recipient hair cells. Mechanistically, exogenous exosomes could be engulfed by hair cells after treatment. Then, in the hair cells, exosomes promoted the expression of endocytic genes and the formation of endosomes, thus inducing autophagy activation. Finally, the enhanced autophagy promoted cell survival, reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis of hair cells, and attenuated neomycin-induced ototoxic damage. Collectively, our study unveiled the otoprotective role of autophagy activated by exogenous exosomes in hair cells, and verified the potential of extracellular vesicle-based biological therapy for SNHL caused by neomycin.
A Cadaveric Study of Anatomical Variations in the Limbic System
Authors: Nation Haley , Morgan Rachel
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE The limbic system is a collection of brain structures responsible for affective processing, spatial coding, and certain types of memory. A comprehensive investigation of numerous limbic system components is necessary to thoroughly understand anatomical and pathological differences in individuals with related disorders (e.g., Alzheimer’s, depression, etc.). This study examines anatomical variations of limbic system structures including the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus.METHODS This cadaveric study includes the dissection of 47 formalin-fixed brain hemispheres and measurements of pertinent structures. The dentate gyrus, hippocampus, and amygdala were given categorical results: ill-defined, moderately defined, and well-defined; additionally, quantitative measurements were taken for all structures.RESULTS Our results indicate variations in the classification of the dentate gyrus (36% well-defined, 51% moderately defined, and 13% ill-defined) and amygdala (58% well-defined, 40% moderately defined, and 2% ill-defined). All hippocampus samples were well-defined (100%).CONCLUSION The knowledge of typical anatomy and morphology furthers our understanding of the limbic system and could be used to better understand clinical presentations. Future studies may be able to link anatomical variations and any potential relationships reported in this study to observed behavior. In summary, a thorough understanding of these variations will be useful for diagnostic purposes and future research.
Assessing the impact of pollution on water quality - A case study of Brar-i- Nambal and Jhelum
Authors: Shah Mohmod Irfan , Azad Abdul Hannan , Bilal Samreen , Hassan Er. Tahir , Dar Ishfaq Ahmad , Khurshid Er. Irtiza
Published: April 2023

Many of the water bodies in Jammu and Kashmir, an area of India controlled as a Union Territory, have been encroached upon or transformed into marshes due to neglect and misuse, especially the smaller ones. Therefore, preserving ecological balance and a favourable environment depend on restoring and regenerating these water bodies. The Brar-i-Nambal water body and the river Jhelum, which are close to the historic Khanqah of Shahi-Hamdan and are in deterioration, are the subjects of this study. By monitoring various parameters, including pH, nitrate, phosphorus, turbidity, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), the goal is to regulate the existing water quality of the sources. The study found that while low Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentration directly endangers the lake environment, excessive nitrate and phosphorus concentrations have promoted weed growth and siltation. In addition, plastic trash contamination is a severe environmental threat that requires immediate attention. The report suggests corrective actions, including raising public awareness of the need to protect water bodies, regular maintenance, increasing the amount of vegetation surrounding water bodies, and much more. A positive beginning towards reaching this goal is the preservation mission, Jal Darohar Sanrakshan Mission Amrit Sarovar, started by the honourable prime minister in 2022.
Spinal Afferent Innervation in Flat-Mounts of the Rat Stomach: Anterograde Tracing
Authors: Ma Jichao , Nguyen Duyen , Madas Jazune , Kwiat Andrew M. , Toledo Zulema , Bizanti Ariege , Kogut Nicole , Mistareehi Anas , Bendowski Kohlton , Zhang Yuanyuan , Chen Jin , Li De-Pei , Powley Terry L. , Furness John B. , Cheng zixi jack
Published: April 2023

The dorsal root ganglia (DRG) project spinal afferent axons to the stomach. However, the distribution and morphology of spinal afferent axons in the stomach have not been well characterized. In this study, we used a combination of state-of-the-art techniques, including anterograde tracer injection into the left DRG T7-T11, avidin-biotin and Cuprolinic Blue labeling, Zeiss M2 Imager, and Neurolucida to characterize spinal afferent axons in the flat-mounts of the whole rat stomach muscular wall. We found that spinal afferent axons innervated all regions with a variety of distinct terminal structures innervating different gastric targets: 1) The ganglionic type: some axons formed varicose contacts with individual neurons within myenteric ganglia. 2) The muscle type: most axons ran in parallel with the longitudinal and circular muscles and expressed spherical varicosities. Complex terminal structures were observed within the circular muscle layer. 3) The ganglia-muscle mixed type: some individual varicose axons innervated both myenteric ganglia and circular muscles, exhibiting polymorphic terminal structures. 4) The vascular type: individual varicose axons ran along the blood vessels and occasionally traversed the vessel wall. This work provides a foundation for future topographical anatomical and functional mapping of spinal afferent axon innervation of the stomach under normal and pathophysiological conditions.
A Biophysically Comprehensive Model of Urothelial Afferent Neurons: Implications for Sensory Signalling in Urinary Bladder
Authors: ARULJOTHI SATCHITHANANTHI , Manchanda Rohit
Published: April 2023

The urothelium is the innermost layer of the bladder wall; it plays a pivotal role in bladder sensory transduction by responding to chemical and mechanical stimului. The urothelium also acts as a physical barrier between urine and the outer layers of the bladder wall. There is intricate sensory communication between the layers of the bladder wall and the neurons that supply the bladder, which eventually translates into the regulation of mechanical. In response to natural stimuli, urothelial cells release substances such as ATP, nitric oxide (NO), substance P, acetylcholine (ACh), and adenosine. These act on adjacent urothelial cells, myofibroblasts, and urothelial afferent neurons (UAN), controlling the contractile activity of the bladder. There is rising evidence on the importance of urothelial sensory signalling, yet a comprehensive understanding of the functioning of the urothelium-afferent neuron and the factors that govern it remain elusive to date. Until now, the biophysical studies done on UAN have been unable to provide adequate information on the ion channel composition of the neuron, which is paramount to understanding the electrical functioning of the UAN and, by extension, afferent signalling. To this end, we have attempted to model UAN to decipher the ionic mechanisms underlying the excitability of the UAN. In contrast to previous models, our model was built and validated using morphological and biophysical properties consistent with experimental findings for the UAN. The model included all the channels thus far known to be expressed in UAN, including; voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels, N, L, T, P/Q, R-type calcium channels, large-conductance calcium-dependent potassium (BK) channels, small conductance calcium-dependent (SK) channels, Hyperpolarisation activated cation (HCN) channels, transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM8), transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1) channel, calcium-activated chloride(CaCC) channels, and internal calcium dynamics. Our UAN model a) was constrained as far as possible by experimental data from the literature for the channels and the spiking activity b) was validated by reproducing the experimental responses to current-clamp and voltage-clamp protocols c) was used as a base for modelling the non-urothelial afferent neuron (NUAN). Using our models we also gained insights into the variations in ion channels between UAN and NUAN neurons.
Dust forced changes in the precipitation distribution over Indian homogeneous regions
Authors: Saxena Harshita , Pandey Vivek Kumar , Das Sushant
Published: April 2023

This study made an effort to examine the influence of dust aerosols on the precipitation and its extremes over India and six homogeneous rainfall zones of India during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. In this regard, a set of sensitivity experiments are performed using a regional climate model, namely, RegCM-4.7.0, for 11 years. The model’s performance is demonstrated in simulating the mean precipitation, its variability (spatial and temporal), aerosol property, and monsoonal wind. It was observed that the model has the potential to capture the distinct features of the monsoon with systematic differences in magnitude that vary with region and season. Due to the inclusion of dust influence, a notable reduction of bias in mean precipitation is seen over AS, emphasizing the importance of the correct representation of dust in the model. On the other hand, a mixed response (increased as well as decreased) is seen over the Indian land point. Interestingly, it is noticed mostly over CNE, NEI and SPI regions that the inclusion of dust has a larger influence on extreme rainfall events than the mean.
Risk Factors Related to Venous Thromboembolism at Three-months Following Joint Replacement in Chinese Population
Authors: Qin Jianghui , Yao Yao , Wang Yexian , Shen Ying , Chen Dongyang , Xu Zhihong , Shi Dongquan , Dai Jin , Xu Xingquan , Song Kai , Jiang Qing
Published: April 2023

Background: This study reports the risk factors related to venous thromboembolism (VTE) at 3-months following joint replacement in Chinese population.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study enrolled the patients who received joint replacement from February 2015 to December 2018. VTE at 3-months was investigated against a total of 16 factors, including age, gender, Body Mass Index, season of surgery been performed, pre-surgical clotting function, type of surgery, selection of mini-invasive approach, VTE of lower limbs one-day before and after surgery, and previous history of diseases including thrombotic disease, smoking, tumor, diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease, anticoagulants usage.
Results: A total of 1782 patients were enrolled. Gross incidence of VTE at 3-months following joint replacement surgery was 10.5%. In the 1744 patients included for the final analysis, the VTE at one-day after surgery (OR = 7.633), surgery in autumn (OR = 1.874), increased age per year (OR = 1.023), female gender (OR = 1.828), previous thrombotic disease (OR = 1.592) were related to the VTE at 3-months after surgery.
Conclusion: Higher age, female gender, previous thrombotic disease, VTE immediate after surgery and surgery in autumn were risk factors related to higher incidence of VTE at 3-months following joint replacement surgery. More aggressive prophylaxis and frequent follow-up is advised to patients identified with these risk factors.