bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Magnetized Irrigation Water and Seeds on the Production of OKRA (Hibiscus esculentus)
Authors: AHMED Shaker Babiker , SAEED Amir Bakheit , ALHASSAN Awad Mohmed
Published: September 2024

Very recently special magnetic devices have been developed and used to magnetize irrigation water and plant seeds. Such magnetic treatments were reported to play a great role in increasing the germination rate of seeds, reducing soil salinity and consequently resulting in increasing yield. The objectives of the study to improve crop productivity by using magnetic technologies. A split plot experimental design was used for growing two varieties of okra (Hibiscus esculentus). The treatments included: non-magnetized water + non magnetized seeds (NMW+NMS), non-magnetized water + magnetized seeds (NMW+MS), magnetized water + non magnetized seeds (MW+NMS), magnetized water + magnetized seeds (MW+MS). Each treatment was replicated three times. The parameters considered included: number of leaves per plant, leaf length, plant height, plants density and yield. There was a significant difference (p <0.05) between treatments, the combination of (MW) and (MS) gave higher of leaves per plant, plant density, and plant height and leaf length. There was a significant difference (p <0.05) in yield between treatments (MW) recorded increasing in yield by 50% as compared to (NMW); (MW) + (MS) recorded increase in yield by 24% as compared to (NMW); (MS) record increasing in yield by 18% as compared to (NMS) when both were irrigated by (NMW), the combination of (MW) and (MS) gave higher yields for both okra varieties (25.5 and 35.5 Kg/ha). It was concluded that magnetizing water may lead to better crop establishment and further improvement could be achieved by magnetizing the seeds.
Prospect and Challenges of Litchi Cultivation in Northeast Region of India
Authors: Kumari Suman , Das Padminee , Pande Kamal Kumar , Kumar Ajeet , Rajput Rajat , Singh Ujjwal , Jaiswal Priya , Solanki Priyanka
Published: September 2024

The dynamics of pests affecting litchi crops have undergone changes over time, with litchi mites and bugs becoming less economically significant. However, insect pest infestations have emerged as a major constraint, causing substantial economic losses for growers. Litchi trees need to complete their post-harvest vegetative flush in a timely manner to produce a second flush in winter, which will then flower. Litchi fruit is highly perishable and temperature-sensitive, making it difficult to transport to distant markets without adequate cool chain infrastructure. The cumulative effect of biotic and abiotic factors compromises the agricultural value of this cash crop. Investigating natural defense mechanisms in litchi may uncover opportunities to enhance or induce antifungal compounds through defense elicitors. Further research could explore the applicability of these techniques in other countries, although registration issues may arise. Alternatively, other chemicals with similar benefits and lower health risks could be investigated. Additionally, the long-term effects of cincturing on fruit set and tree health warrant further investigation.
Artificial Seed Bioassay for Assessing Genotypic Resistance of Pigeon Pea to Callosobruchus chinensis
Authors: Jarpla Mounika , S T Anil Kumar , Bandhavi H. L. , Prasanna Malireddi
Published: September 2024

Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis is a significant pest of stored legumes, particularly pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), causing substantial damage and economic losses. This study investigates the resistance of various pigeonpea genotypes to C. chinensis using artificial seeds in a controlled single-choice bioassay. Artificial seeds in bioassays help provide consistent conditions for studying pigeon pea resistance to pests like C. chinensis. Unlike natural seeds, which can vary in traits like size, texture, and composition, artificial seeds ensure that any observed resistance is due to the plant's genetics, not differences in the seeds themselves.  Despite using seeds with different proportions of resistant and susceptible genotypes, no significant differences were observed in the beetle oviposition behavior. The findings suggest that factors other than nutritional content may influence bruchid resistance, emphasize the need for further research into specific phytochemicals responsible for resistance. This work has important implications for the development of more resistant pigeon pea cultivars.
Improving Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Production through the Use of Azospirillum sp. AZ6 and Trichoderma harzianum T4-Based Biostimulants
Authors: Kassogué Adounigna , Tounkara Bakary , Mallé Ibrahima , Dao Sognan , Ouédraogo Pauline Wendlassida , Dicko Amadou Hamadoun , Diallo Kangaye Amadou , Ouattara Djénéba , Nantoumé Djénéba , Diarra Ousmane , Babana Amadou Hamadoun
Published: September 2024

Objectives: The objective(s) of the present experiment was to evaluate the effect of Azospirillum sp. AZ6 and Trichoderma harzianum T4-based biostimulants formulated in Mali on the growth and yield of Sorghum in Mali field during monsoon season. 
Study Design: The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three treatments. The blocking factor was the direction of rainwater runoff.
Methodology: The study was carried out in the rural commune of Ouéléssebougou located in the Sudanian. The sorghum seeds inoculated or non-inoculated with Azozpirillum sp. AZ6, Trichoderma harzianum T4, were randomly sown in single-cropped with no nitrogen (N) application. For the control, 100% dose of N was applied at sowing time at 120 kg/ha. Sorghum plant height, sorghum yield, number of panicles and the weight of 1000 grains weight were evaluated.
Results: The salient findings showed a significant increase of the parameters examined by Azospirillum sp. AZ6 and Trichoderma harzianum T4-based biostimulants. Inoculation of AZ6 improved sorghum yield by 68,25%, while T4 by 8.73% in comparison with the control.
Conclusion: It is evident that Azospirillum sp. AZ6 and Trichoderma harzianum T4 are suitable for inoculating sorghum (Sorghum bicolore L.). Azospirillum sp. AZ6 produced the highest plant height, yield, number of panicles, and 1000 grain weight relative to Trichoderma harzianum T4 and the non-inoculated control. Therefore, this suggest that Azospirillum sp. AZ6 is suitable for large scale application in sorghum fields to reduce the production costs and increase yield while reducing N fertilizer application rate
Effect of NaCl Stress on Seedling Parameters of Various Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes and Its Mitigation through Hormonal Priming
Authors: Bobade Sanmitra Kishor , Dayal Abhinav , Budhbaware Swapnil , Pawar Vishalraje Anil
Published: September 2024

Salinity is a major environmental challenge that leads to agricultural land degradation and reduced crop yields worldwide. In chilli (Capsicum annuum L.), high salinity conditions can significantly inhibit seed germination and seedling growth. This study aimed to achieve two main objectives: first, to evaluate the effects of NaCl stress on seedling parameters across various chilli genotypes, and second, to explore the potential of hormonal priming in mitigating salt stress. The experiment was conducted in the Seed Testing Laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding at SHUATS, Prayagraj, using 14 chilli genotypes exposed to varying salt concentrations (0 mM, 75 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM). The results revealed that higher salt concentrations negatively impacted seedling parameters across all genotypes, with EC-492576 displaying superior salt tolerance.
The second part of the study focused on alleviating salt stress through hormonal priming, an approach that enhances seedling quality by improving germination and growth under adverse conditions. Under 150 mM salt stress, 12 treatments were applied, including GA3, salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, and IAA at varying concentrations, with unprimed seeds serving as the control. Among these treatments, salicylic acid at 100 ppm yielded the best results improving key parameters such as germination rate, seedling length, and overall vigour. These findings highlight the potential of salicylic acid priming to improve salt tolerance in chilli. These findings highlight the potential of salicylic acid priming to improve salt tolerance in chilli, paving the way for future research in developing salt-tolerant varieties and informing breeding programs aimed at enhancing agricultural resilience in salt-affected regions.
Farm Profile Attributes and Adoption of Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) for Crop Management by Rice-Growing Farmers in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Prinila A S , Ravi G , Anuradha D , Preetha G , Anandham R , Manjunatha C
Published: September 2024

This study aims to identify farm profile attributes and uses of Indigenous Technical Knowledge to pest and nutrient management by rice-growing farmers in Tamil Nadu. A total of 60 respondents were used which 10 farmers selected by snowball sampling from Nagapattinam, Thiruvarur, Thanjavur, Karaikal, Thoothukudi, and Ramanathapuram districts of Tamil Nadu and Karaikal in Puducherry. The main purpose of the study was to gather information from organic farmers for crop pest and nutrient management in rice. The results of this study reveal that majority of the farmers having secondary level of education (31.67%), the majority of respondents up to twenty years of organic farming experience (75%), Majority of respondents contacts with extension officials of Agriculture Officer (45%), information obtained through mass media (73%) and 45% of respondents actively participating in social activities. From nutrient sources Panchagavya has been mostly used almost 68% of the farmers followed by Cow dung (30%). In Panchagavya preparation Meenamilam is found to be used at the rate of 10ml/ lit by majority (68.33%) of the farmers of Nagapattinam, Thiruvarur and Thanjavur districts. The other commonly used ITK concoctions include Jeevamirtham 20 (ml/lit), Amirthakaraisal 10 (ml/lit), five leaf extract 30 (ml/lit), 3G extract 50 (ml/lit), Themorkaraisal 100 (ml/lit). Almost 50- 60 percent of the farmers have their crops affected with pests or diseases and very few of them mitigate this issue by the use of organic sources and with the help of extension officials. This study indicated that farmers are gaining more knowledge on organic farming and its importance. Anyhow, education has to be provided to those who are in the progress of practising organic farming. Pest management strategies and trainings need to be offered to the farmers and the officials and scientists are willing to provide knowledge to the farmers as this of prime concern in agriculture.
Forcasting Stock Prices in Nigeria Using Bayesian Vector Autoregression
Authors: Akanbi Olawale Basheer , Fawole Olujide Abiodun
Published: September 2024

Forecasting the stock market is one of the challenges facing investors and portfolio managers today. These challenges can be overcame by different techniques or analyses in the literature for investment decision-making like, open interest analysis and volatility index on short term basis. However, only a few researchers have employed Bayesian techniques in the forecasts. This study aimed at forecasting the stock prices of five leading banks and the banking sector index of Nigeria using Bayesian Vector Autoregression (BVAR). This research adopted Minnesota priors; Stochastic Search Variable Selection (SSVS) prior; Steady-state with Inverse Wishart prior; steady-state prior with diffuse priors; and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) procedures. The data were divided into two sets: One set containing 400 datasets for training while the other containing 100 datasets was used for evaluation. Covariance matrices were obtained for these priors as well as the coefficients of the BVAR models. Forecasts for the five priors and their Standard Vector Autoregressions (SVAR) were obtained. The forecast performances for the priors and SVAR were examined using Root Means Square Error (RMSE). The result of RMSE for Minnesota, Minnesota (Normal Inverse Wishart), SSVS, Steady State, Diffuse priors, and OLS obtained were 0.35085, 7.663893, 6.095331, 0.4449004, 11.08892 and 6.174951 respectively. The results showed that the Minnesota prior to BVAR model outperformed the other priors and Ordinary Least Square method of SVAR in predicting stock prices.
The CAFE model: A net production model for global ocean phytoplankton
Authors: Silsbe Greg M. , Behrenfeld Michael J. , Halsey Kimberly H. , Milligan Allen J. , Westberry Toby K.
Published: November 2016

The Carbon, Absorption, and Fluorescence Euphotic‐resolving (CAFE) net primary production model is an adaptable framework for advancing global ocean productivity assessments by exploiting state‐of‐the‐art satellite ocean color analyses and addressing key physiological and ecological attributes of phytoplankton. Here we present the first implementation of the CAFE model that incorporates inherent optical properties derived from ocean color measurements into a mechanistic and accurate model of phytoplankton growth rates (μ) and net phytoplankton production (NPP). The CAFE model calculates NPP as the product of energy absorption (QPAR), and the efficiency (ϕμ) by which absorbed energy is converted into carbon biomass (CPhyto), while μ is calculated as NPP normalized to CPhyto. The CAFE model performance is evaluated alongside 21 other NPP models against a spatially robust and globally representative set of direct NPP measurements. This analysis demonstrates that the CAFE model explains the greatest amount of variance and has the lowest model bias relative to other NPP models analyzed with this data set. Global oceanic NPP from the CAFE model (52 Pg C m−2 yr−1) and mean division rates (0.34 day−1) are derived from climatological satellite data (2002–2014). This manuscript discusses and validates individual CAFE model parameters (e.g., QPAR and ϕμ), provides detailed sensitivity analyses, and compares the CAFE model results and parameterization to other widely cited models.
Climate patterns derived from ocean wave spectra
Authors: Portilla‐Yandún Jesús , Salazar Andrés , Cavaleri Luigi
Published: November 2016

The fact that ocean surface waves are an integrated effect of meteorological activity has the interesting consequence that the memory of the wave systems is larger than that of the wind and storms that generated them. At each single point the related information is stored as its wave spectrum, a matrix containing the energy distribution of wave systems with different origins in space and time. We describe the concept of spectral partitioning and the technique used to obtain spectral statistics, whose outcome we associate with the physical reality. Using long series of spectral data we derive information of the, possibly very far, generation zones climatologically connected at a confluent point. Working on the eastern equatorial Pacific we focus on the prominent effects of El Niño events, for which interactions of mesoscale phenomena are revealed from the analysis of the local situation.
Sliding mode disturbance observer‐based adaptive control for uncertain MIMO nonlinear systems with dead‐zone
Authors: Chen Mou , Chen Shao‐dong , Wu Qing‐xian
Published: November 2016

In this paper, an adaptive integral sliding mode control (ISMC) scheme is developed for a class of uncertain multi‐input and multi‐output nonlinear systems with unknown external disturbance, system uncertainty, and dead‐zone. The research is motivated by the fact that the ISMC scheme against unknown external disturbance and system uncertainty is very important for multi‐input and multi‐output nonlinear systems. The system uncertainty, the unknown external disturbance, and the effect of dead‐zone are integrated as a compounded disturbance, which is well estimated using a sliding mode disturbance observer (SMDO). Then, the adaptive ISMC based on the designed SMDO is presented to guarantee the satisfactory tracking performance in the presence of system uncertainty, external disturbance, and dead‐zone. Finally, the designed adaptive ISMC strategy based on SMDO is applied to the attitude control of the near space vehicle, and simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive ISMC scheme using the SMDO. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitrogen Doped/Carbon Tuning Yolk‐Like TiO2 and Its Remarkable Impact on Sodium Storage Performances
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Chiwei , Hou Hongshuai , Zou Guoqiang , Ji Xiaobo
Published: November 2016

Yolk‐like TiO2 are prepared through an asymmetric Ostwald ripening, which is simultaneously doped by nitrogen and wrapped by carbon from core to shell. It presents a high specific surface area (144.9 m2 g−1), well‐defined yolk‐like structure (600–700 nm), covered with interweaved nanosheets (3–5 nm) and tailored porosity (5–10 nm) configuration. When first utilized as anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), it delivers a high reversible specific capacity of 242.7 mA h g−1 at 0.5 C and maintains a considerable capacity of 115.9 mA h g−1 especially at rate 20 C. Moreover, the reversible capacity can still reach 200.7 mA h g−1 after 550 cycles with full capacity retention at 1 C. Even cycled at extremely high rate 25 C, the capacity retention of 95.5% after 3000 cycles is acquired. Notably, an ultrahigh initial coulombic efficiency of 59.1% is achieved. The incorporation of nitrogen with narrowing the band gap accompanied with carbon uniformly coating from core to shell make the NC TiO2‐Y favor a bulk type conductor, resulting in fast electron transfer, which is beneficial to long‐term cycling stability and remarkable rate capability. It is of great significance to improve the energy‐storage properties through development of the bulk type conductor as anode materials in SIBs.
2D Crystals Significantly Enhance the Performance of a Working Fuel Cell
Authors: Holmes Stuart M. , Balakrishnan Prabhuraj , Kalangi Vasu. S. , Zhang Xiang , Lozada‐Hidalgo Marcelo , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Nair Rahul R.
Published: November 2016

2D atomic crystals such as single layer graphene (SLG) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have been shown to be “unexpectedly permeable” to hydrogen ions under ambient conditions with the proton conductivity rising exponentially with temperature. Here, the first successful addition of SLG made by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is shown to an operational direct methanol fuel cell significantly enhancing the performance of the cell once the temperature is raised above 60 °C, the temperature at which the proton conductivity of SLG is higher than the Nafion membrane on which it is mounted. Above this temperature, the resistance to proton transport of the system is not affected by the graphene but the barrier properties of graphene inhibit methanol crossover. The performance of the fuel cell is shown to increase linearly with coverage of SLG above this temperature. Results show that the maximum power density is increased at 70 °C by 45% in comparison to the standard membrane electrode assembly without graphene. In addition, a membrane with CVD hBN shows enhanced performance across the entire temperature range due to better proton conductivity at lower temperatures.
The California Linkages Program: Doorway to Housing Support for Child Welfare‐Involved Parents
Authors: D'Andrade Amy , Simon James David , Fabella Danna , Castillo Lolita , Mejia Cesar , Shuster David
Published: November 2016

Housing instability can complicate parents’ efforts to provide for their children. Child welfare service agencies have had difficulty adequately serving parents’ housing needs due to limited and constrained funding streams. This article integrates the voices of four important stakeholders to illuminate how an innovative model of service system coordination called Linkages addresses housing needs for child welfare‐involved parents eligible for public assistance. Facilitated by Linkages, these parents can receive supportive housing services through programs affiliated with the California public assistance program CalWORKs. Personal narratives reflecting the diverse perspectives of stakeholders in the Linkages collaboration—the statewide program director, a child welfare services coordinator, a CalWORKs caseworker, and a parent program participant—shed light on how the collaboration assists parents in attaining case plan goals, and highlights some of the factors facilitating and hindering effective collaboration between the agencies involved. Stakeholders emphasized the value of flexible service approaches, the intensity of the efforts required, the role of advocacy, and the importance of a shared vision between agencies working together to provide housing supports.
Selective Mono‐ and Di‐C(aryl)−H Sulfenylation of Benzamides by One‐Pot Assembly of 8‐Aminoquinoline, Benzoyl chlorides, and Thiophenols
Authors: Liu Yunyun , Huang Meiying , Wei Li
Published: November 2016

The domino reactions of 8‐aminoquinoline, benzoyl chlorides, and thiophenols in one‐pot provide sulfenylated benzamides efficiently without prior step of preparing N‐qunolinyl benzamides. Besides the significantly improved step economy, the present one‐pot method has also shown featured application in allowing the tunable mono‐ and disulfenylation of benzamides containing two identical C−H bonds by slightly modifying the reaction conditions.
Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethylated Ketones from Vinyl Triflates in the Absence of External Trifluoromethyl Sources
Authors: Kawamoto Takuji , Sasaki Rio , Kamimura Akio
Published: November 2016

A novel method for the conversion of vinyl triflates into α‐trifluoromethylated ketones in the absence of external trifluoromethyl sources is described. This process accomplishes an efficient migration of the trifluoromethyl group of the triflate to the α‐position in the ketone through a radical process. The reaction proceeds by the addition of a trifluoromethyl radical to the vinyl triflate and subsequent fragmentation of the trifluoromethane sulfonyl radical. Based on this reaction, a one‐pot two‐step procedure for the trifluoromethylation of ketones was developed. The method presented herein also allows the transfer of perfluoroalkyl groups from vinyl perfluoroalkanesulfonates, which are readily accessible from alkynes and perfluoroalkanesulfonic acids.
Concentrated Electrolyte for the Sodium–Oxygen Battery: Solvation Structure and Improved Cycle Life
Authors: He Mingfu , Lau Kah Chun , Ren Xiaodi , Xiao Neng , McCulloch William D. , Curtiss Larry A. , Wu Yiying
Published: November 2016

Alkali metal–oxygen batteries are of great interests for energy storage because of their unparalleled theoretical energy densities. Particularly attractive is the emerging Na–O2 battery because of the formation of superoxide as the discharge product. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a promising solvent for this battery but its instability towards Na makes it impractical in the Na–O2 battery. Herein we report the enhanced stability of Na in DMSO solutions containing concentrated sodium trifluoromethanesulfonimide (NaTFSI) salts (>3 mol kg−1). Raman spectra of NaTFSI/DMSO electrolytes and ab initio molecular dynamics simulation reveal the Na+ solvation number in DMSO and the formation of Na(DMSO)3(TFSI)‐like solvation structure. The majority of DMSO molecules solvating Na+ in concentrated solutions reduces the available free DMSO molecules that can react with Na and renders the TFSI anion decomposition, which protects Na from reacting with the electrolyte. Using these concentrated electrolytes, Na–O2 batteries can be cycled forming sodium superoxide (NaO2) as the sole discharge product with improved long cycle life, highlighting the beneficial role of concentrated electrolytes for Na‐based batteries.
In Vitro Selection of pH‐Activated DNA Nanostructures
Authors: Fong Faye Yi , Oh Seung Soo , Hawker Craig J. , Soh H. Tom
Published: November 2016

We report the first in vitro selection of DNA nanostructures that switch their conformation when triggered by change in pH. Previously, most pH‐active nanostructures were designed using known pH‐active motifs, such as the i‐motif or the triplex structure. In contrast, we performed de novo selections starting from a random library and generated nanostructures that can sequester and release Mipomersen, a clinically approved antisense DNA drug, in response to pH change. We demonstrate extraordinary pH‐selectivity, releasing up to 714‐fold more Mipomersen at pH 5.2 compared to pH 7.5. Interestingly, none of our nanostructures showed significant sequence similarity to known pH‐sensitive motifs, suggesting that they may operate via novel structure‐switching mechanisms. We believe our selection scheme is general and could be adopted for generating DNA nanostructures for many applications including drug delivery, sensors and pH‐active surfaces.
Maximizing Coordination Capsule–Guest Polar Interactions in Apolar Solvents Reveals Significant Binding
Authors: August David P. , Nichol Gary S. , Lusby Paul J.
Published: November 2016

Guest encapsulation underpins the functional properties of self‐assembled capsules yet identifying systems capable of strongly binding small organic molecules in solution remains a challenge. Most coordination capsules rely on the hydrophobic effect to ensure effective solution‐phase association. In contrast, we show that using non‐interacting anions in apolar solvents can maximize favorable interactions between a cationic Pd2L4 host and charge‐neutral guests resulting in a dramatic increase in binding strength. With quinone‐type guests, association constants in excess of 108 m−1 were observed, comparable to the highest previously recorded constant for a metallosupramolecular capsule. Modulation of optoelectronic properties of the guests was also observed, with encapsulation either changing or switching‐on luminescence not present in the bulk phase.
Statistical optimization of compatibilized blends of poly(lactic acid) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
Authors: Vadori Ryan , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar K.
Published: November 2016

A mixture design of experiment and subsequent regression analysis was used to study the effects of two additives on blends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Statistical analysis was used to find a blend with a balance of high toughness, strength, and stiffness. The blends were prepared by lab scale reactive extrusion and injection molding. Least‐square regression models of statistically significant effects were built by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Using these models, optimization studies were used to study the predicted maximum values of each measurement criteria. Very large increases were seen in the measured responses with relatively small changes in additive content. Compared to the neat blend without additives, the impact strength was increased by over 600%, the elongation at break was increased by over 1000%, the tensile strength increased by 11%, and the tensile modulus increased by over 7%. Surprisingly, the composite optimization, which included all measured criteria, occurred at a point that allowed all four criteria values to remain very close to their individual maximums. The result is a partially biobased blend that does not sacrifice strength or stiffness to achieve very high toughness. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Applied Polymer Science Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44516.
Facile preparation of magnetic chitosan modified with thiosemicarbazide for adsorption of copper ions from aqueous solution
Authors: Cui Jing‐Jing , Niu Cheng‐Gang , Wang Xiao‐Yu , Zeng Guang‐Ming
Published: November 2016

In this study, magnetic chitosan modified with thiosemicarbazide (TSC‐Fe3O4/CTS) was facilely synthesized with glutaraldehyde as the crosslinker, and its application for removal of Cu(II) ions was investigated. The as‐prepared TSC‐Fe3O4/CTS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that TSC‐Fe3O4/CTS has high adsorption capacity and selectivity towards Cu(II) ions. Adsorption experiments were carried out with different parameters such as pH, solution temperature, contact time and initial concentration of Cu(II) ions. The adsorption process was better described by the pseudo‐second‐order model. The sorption equilibrium data was fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacity toward Cu(II) ions was 256.62 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process of Cu(II) ions was exothermic spontaneous reaction. Moreover, this adsorbent showed excellent reusability and the adsorption property remained stable after five cycles. This adsorbent is believed to be one of the promising and favorable adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44528.
Hydrophilic and hydrophobic poly(l‐lactic acid) films by building porous topological surfaces
Authors: Sun Hui , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhang Kaiyu , Zhong Yonghui , Lin Ligang , Zhou Hao , Chen Li , Zhang Yuzhong
Published: November 2016

Surface wettability of thin films is significant for their functional properties. Poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) is proposed as film matrix for building porous topological surfaces. By controlling the dope composition and ambient conditions, the films with ordered pores at micrometer scale are obtained. The results demonstrate that the hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface can be realized by building the porous topological surfaces. Increasing polymer concentration can lead to decreased pore size. The transition behavior of surface pores from discrete bowl‐like to interconnected honeycomb‐like structure with the increasing humidity is observed. The contact angle of top surface of film is higher than that of bottom surface, which verified the different roughness performance. The morphology and scale of topological structure are markedly related with the template effect of water droplets. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44572.
Gender differences in autism spectrum disorders: Divergence among specific core symptoms
Authors: Beggiato Anita , Peyre Hugo , Maruani Anna , Scheid Isabelle , Rastam Maria , Amsellem Frederique , Gillberg Carina I. , Leboyer Marion , Bourgeron Thomas , Gillberg Christopher , Delorme Richard
Published: November 2016

Community‐based studies have consistently shown a sex ratio heavily skewed towards males in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The factors underlying this predominance of males are largely unknown, but the way girls score on standardized categorical diagnostic tools might account for the underrecognition of ASD in girls. Despite the existence of different norms for boys and girls with ASD on several major screening tests, the algorithm of the Autism Diagnosis Interview‐Revised (ADI‐R) has not been reformulated. The aim of our study was to investigate which ADI‐R items discriminate between males and females, and to evaluate their weighting in the final diagnosis of autism. We then conducted discriminant analysis (DA) on a sample of 594 probands including 129 females with ASD, recruited by the Paris Autism Research International Sibpair (PARIS) Study. A replication analysis was run on an independent sample of 1716 probands including 338 females with ASD, recruited through the Autism Genetics Resource Exchange (AGRE) program. Entering the raw scores for all ADI‐R items as independent variables, the DA correctly classified 78.9% of males and 72.9% of females (P < 0.001) in the PARIS cohort, and 72.2% of males and 68.3% of females (P < 0.0001) in the AGRE cohort. Among the items extracted by the stepwise DA, four belonged to the ADI‐R algorithm used for the final diagnosis of ASD. In conclusion, several items of the ADI‐R that are taken into account in the diagnosis of autism significantly differentiates between males and females. The potential gender bias thus induced may participate in the underestimation of the prevalence of ASD in females. Autism Res 2016,. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism Res 2017, 10: 680–689. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unique effects ofThe transportersanimated series and of parental support on emotion recognition skills of children with ASD: Results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gev Tali , Rosenan Ruthie , Golan Ofer
Published: November 2016

Emotion recognition (ER) and understanding deficits are characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).The Transporters (TT)animated series has shown promising results in teaching children with ASD to recognize emotions, with mixed findings about generalization and maintenance of effects. This study aimed to evaluate the unique role of TT and of parental support in the acquisition, generalization, and maintenance of acquired ER skills in children with ASD. 77 Israeli children with high functioning ASD, aged 4–7 were randomly assigned into four groups according to a 2 × 2 design of the factors Series (TT, control series) and Parental Support (with/without). Thirty typically developing children, matched to the ASD groups on mental age, were tested with no intervention. Participants' ER (on three generalization levels) and emotional vocabulary (EV) were tested pre and post 8 weeks of intervention, and at 3 months' follow‐up. Compared to the control series, watching TT significantly improved children's ER skills at all generalization levels, with good skill maintenance. All groups improved equally on EV. The amount of parental support given, in the groups that had received it, contributed to the generalization and maintenance of ER skills. Autism severity negatively correlated with ER improvement. The current study provides evidence to the unique role of TT in ER skill acquisition, generalization, and maintenance in children with high functioning ASD. In addition, this study provides evidence for a successful cultural adaptation of TT to a non‐English speaking culture.Autism Res2017, 10: 993–1003. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using Prediction and Desensitization Techniques to Treat Dental Anxiety: A Case Example
Authors: McMullen Victoria , Mahfood Stephanie L. , Francis Grace L. , Bubenik James
Published: November 2016

Although professional dental care prevents many medical issues such as periodontal disease and tooth decay, dental anxiety among individuals with significant disabilities frequently prevents receipt of adequate dental care. Furthermore, although research documents the positive effects of interventions designed to decrease dental anxiety, there is a paucity of research on their effectiveness with this group. This case study examined the efficacy of a two‐component dental treatment package on improving a young boy's patient behavior during routine dental examinations. Results indicate overall improvements in participant behavior and maintenance of appropriate behavior three years after the study. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction and energy transfer studies between bovine serum albumin and CdTe quantum dots conjugates: CdTe QDs as energy acceptor probes
Authors: Kotresh M. G. , Inamdar L. S. , Shivkumar M. A. , Adarsh K. S. , Jagatap B. N. , Mulimani B. G. , Advirao G. M. , Inamdar S. R.
Published: November 2016

In this paper, a systematic investigation of the interaction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with water‐soluble CdTe quantum dots (QDs) of two different sizes capped with carboxylic thiols is presented based on steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence measurements. Efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) was observed to occur from BSA donor to CdTe acceptor as noted from reduction in the fluorescence of BSA and enhanced fluorescence from CdTe QDs. FRET parameters such as Förster distance, spectral overlap integral, FRET rate constant and efficiency were determined. The quenching of BSA fluorescence in aqueous solution observed in the presence of CdTe QDs infers that fluorescence resonance energy transfer is primarily responsible for the quenching phenomenon. Bimolecular quenching constant (kq) determined at different temperatures and the time‐resolved fluorescence data provide additional evidence for this. The binding stoichiometry and various thermodynamic parameters are evaluated by using the van ‘t Hoff equation. The analysis of the results suggests that the interaction between BSA and CdTe QDs is entropy driven and hydrophobic forces play a key role in the interaction. Binding of QDs significantly shortened the fluorescence lifetime of BSA which is one of the hallmarks of FRET. The effect of size of the QDs on the FRET parameters are discussed in the light of FRET parameters obtained.
Crystal structure of Ralstonia eutropha polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase C‐terminal domain and reaction mechanisms
Authors: Kim Jieun , Kim Yeo‐Jin , Choi So Young , Lee Sang Yup , Kim Kyung‐Jin
Published: November 2016

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are natural polyesters synthesized by numerous microorganisms as energy and reducing power storage materials, and have attracted much attention as substitutes for petroleum‐based plastics. Here, we report the first crystal structure of Ralstonia eutropha PHA synthase at 1.8 Å resolution and structure‐based mechanisms for PHA polymerization. RePhaC1 contains two distinct domains, the N‐terminal (RePhaC1ND) and C‐terminal domains (RePhaC1CD), and exists as a dimer. RePhaC1CD catalyzes polymerization via non‐processive ping‐pong mechanism using a Cys‐His‐Asp catalytic triad. Molecular docking simulation of 3‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA to the active site of RePhaC1CD reveals residues involved in the formation of 3‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA binding pocket and substrate binding tunnel. Comparative analysis with other polymerases elucidates how different classes of PHA synthases show different substrate specificities. Furthermore, we attempted structure‐based protein engineering and developed a RePhaC1 mutant with enhanced PHA synthase activity.
Modeling of DNA and protein organization levels with Cn3D software
Authors: Stasinakis Panagiotis K. , Nicolaou Despoina
Published: November 2016

The molecular structure of living organisms and the complex interactions amongst its components are the basis for the diversity observed at the macroscopic level. Proteins and nucleic acids are some of the major molecular components, and play a key role in several biological functions, such as those of development and evolution. This article presents an educational, bioinformatics‐based process, designed to enhance a better understanding of the structure of the above molecules. In addition, by using selected protein molecules, it attempts to clarify protein organization levels and how these are related with the structural and functional diversity, which define the biodiversity of living organisms at the macroscopic level. In the framework of this project, molecular modeling has been performed using the Cn3D software, created by the US National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Cn3D is a user friendly application, which is easy for students to get familiar with quickly. Our suggested process may be easily enriched by a multitude of protein, nucleic acid, or other molecule structures, which are freely accessible at NCBI website. The described process has been implemented by students (n = 225) of the 5th high school grade, in two high schools in Greece. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(2):126–129, 2017.
Procedural resources utilization and clinical outcomes with bioresorbable everolimus‐eluting scaffolds and Pt‐Cr everolimus‐eluting stent with resorbable abluminal polymer in clinical practice. A randomized trial
Authors: de la Torre Hernandez Jose M. , Garcia Camarero Tamara , Lee Dae‐Hyun , Sainz Laso Fermin , Veiga Fernandez Gabriela , Pino Tania , Rubio Silvia , Legarra Pablo , Valdivia Jorge R. , Zueco Gil Javier
Published: November 2016

Objectives

We sought to compare the procedural implications of using bioresorbable everolimus‐eluting scaffolds (BVS) and Pt‐Cr everolimus‐eluting stent with abluminal bioabsorbable polymer (Synergy).

Background

There are important differences in the respective platforms, which could impact on procedural performance, complications and outcomes.

Methods

A prospective, randomized single center study including consecutive patients in stable clinical condition and with lesions amenable to be treated with BVS according to predefined criteria. Patients were randomized to either treatment with BVS or Synergy. All procedural data were collected and 12 months clinical follow up conducted. Primary objectives were fluoroscopy time, median dose‐area product, contras agent volumen, and peri‐procedural troponin release.

Results

A total of 200 patients were included, 100 in BVS group and 100 in Synergy group. No significant differences were observed in baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics. Predilatation (97.6 vs. 25.4%; P < 0.001), postdilatation (64.8 vs. 38.4%: P < 0.01), and use of 2 wires (20.8 vs. 10%; P = 0.02) were more frequent with BVS. The BVS group showed a significant increase in fluoroscopy time (18%), dose‐area product (20%), and contrast volume (10%). Post‐procedural increase of creatinine was similar and amount of TnI release was significantly higher with BVS but incidence of peri‐procedural infarction was comparable. Clinical outcomes at 12 months were similar with definite thrombosis being 1% with BVS and 0% with Synergy.

Conclusions

The use of BVS in comparison with the Synergy stent in a similar lesional setting is associated with a higher use of resources in the procedure, more radiation, and higher TnI release. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Imidazolidines through the Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction of 2,3‐Allenylamines, Organic Halides, and Imines
Authors: Hu Jinxing , Kong Bo , Liu Yue , Xu Boxuan , Zhao Yanfang , Gong Ping
Published: November 2016

A new and efficient method for the synthesis of polysubstituted imidazolidines through the Pd0‐catalyzed double addition/cyclization of 2,3‐allenylamines with aryl iodides and imines was explored. This catalytic reaction afforded the desired products in good yields with high diastereoselectivities.
Amino Acid Oxidation: A Combined Study of Cysteine Oxo Forms by IRMPD Spectroscopy and Simulations
Authors: Scuderi Debora , Bodo Enrico , Chiavarino Barbara , Fornarini Simonetta , Crestoni Maria Elisa
Published: November 2016

The redox activity of cysteine sulfur allows numerous post‐translational protein modifications involved in the oxidative regulation of metabolism, in metal binding, and in signal transduction. A combined approach based on infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy at the Centre Laser Infrarouge d'Orsay (CLIO) free electron laser facility, calculations of IR frequencies, and finite temperature ab initio molecular dynamics simulations has been employed to characterize the gas‐phase structures of deprotonated cysteine sulfenic, sulfinic, and sulfonic acids, [cysSOx]− (x=1, 2, 3, representing the number of S‐bound oxygen atoms), which are key intermediates in the redox‐switching chemistry of proteins. The ions show different structural motifs owing to preferential binding of the proton to either the carboxylate or sulfur‐containing group. Due to the decreasing basicity of the sulfenic, sulfinic, and sulfonic terminals, the proton bound to SO− in [cysSO]− migrates to the carboxylate in [cysSO3]−, whereas it turns out to be shared in [cysSO2]−. Evidence is gathered that a mixture of close‐lying low‐energy conformers is sampled for each cysteine oxo form in a Paul ion trap at room temperature.
Luminescent Thermochromism of 2D Coordination Polymers Based on Copper(I) Halides with 4‐Hydroxythiophenol
Authors: Troyano Javier , Perles Josefina , Amo‐Ochoa Pilar , Martínez Jose Ignacio , Concepción Gimeno Maria , Fernández‐Moreira Vanesa , Zamora Félix , Delgado Salomé
Published: November 2016

Solvothermal reactions between copper(I) halides and 4‐mercaptophenol give rise to the formation of three coordination polymers with general formula [Cu3X(HT)2]n (X=Cl, 1; Br, 2; and I, 3). The structures of these coordination polymers have been determined by X‐ray diffraction at both room‐ and low temperature (110 K), showing a general shortening in Cu−S, Cu−X and Cu−Cu bond lengths at low temperatures. 1 and 2 are isostructural, consisting of layers in which the halogen ligands act as μ3‐bridges joining two Cu1 and one Cu2 atoms whereas in 3 the iodine ligands is as μ4‐mode but the layers are quasi‐isostructural with 1 or 2. These compounds show a reversible thermochromic luminescence, with strong orange emission for 1 and 2, but weaker for 3 at room temperature, whereas upon cooling at 77 K 1 and 2 show stronger yellow emission, and 3 displays stronger green emission. DFT calculations have been used to rationalize these observations. These results suggest a high potential for this novel and promising stimuli‐responsive materials.
Highly Luminescent π‐Conjugated Terpyridine Derivatives Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Sasabe Hisahiro , Hayasaka Yuya , Komatsu Ryutaro , Nakao Kohei , Kido Junji
Published: November 2016

Typically, luminescent π‐conjugated 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (tpy) derivatives are versatile components for tridentate metal ligands, supramolecular materials, two‐photon absorption bioimaging probes, fluorescent ion sensors, and organic light‐emitting devices. However, a limited number of luminescent tpy materials, other than metal complexes, have been reported. This study introduces a series of π‐conjugated tpy derivatives that exhibit strong thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). We have observed that a blue tpy emitter outperforms conventional fluorescent emitters. Additionally, a green tpy emitter has exhibited a performance that is almost comparable to that of its green phosphorescent counterparts, realizing an external quantum efficiency close to 25 % and a power efficiency exceeding 80 lm W−1 with an exceptionally low efficiency roll‐off. This study demonstrates the first example of highly luminescent tpy‐based TADF emitters.
Deciphering the Multisite Interactions of a Protein and Its Ligand at Atomic Resolution by Using Sensitive Paramagnetic Effects
Authors: Ma Fei‐He , Wang Xiao , Chen Jia‐Liang , Wen Xin , Sun Han , Su Xun‐Cheng
Published: November 2016

Quantitative analysis of multisite interactions between a protein and its binding partner at atomic resolution is complicated because locating the binding sites is difficult and differentiating the flexibility of each binding site is even more elusive. Introduction of a paramagnetic metal center close to the binding pocket greatly attenuates the signals in the NMR spectrum upon binding. Herein, the multisite binding of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) with lanthanide complexes [Ln(DPA)3]3− (DPA=dipicolinic acid) was analyzed with sensitive paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy. Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) revealed that HEWL interacts with [Ln(DPA)3]3− at four major binding sites in aqueous solution, which is in contrast to a previous X‐ray structural analysis. The varied binding affinities for the ligands and different flexibilities at each binding site were in good agreement with atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The present work demonstrates that a combination of paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy and MD simulations is a powerful tool to delineate the multisite interactions of a protein with its binding partner at atomic resolution, in terms of both affinity and flexibility.
Recent Progress Toward the Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐ and Difluoromethyl‐Substituted Cyclopropanes
Authors: Bos Maxence , Poisson Thomas , Pannecoucke Xavier , Charette André B. , Jubault Philippe
Published: November 2016

This Minireview describes recent advances toward the synthesis of trifluoromethyl‐ and difluoromethyl‐substituted cyclopropanes. Synthetic methodologies using [2+1] cycloaddition, ring‐contraction, and ring‐closure cyclopropanations since 2010 are reported.