bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slow-light effects of plasmon-induced transparency based on patterned graphene metasurfaces
Authors: Li Hongjian , Li Xiaoyan , Wu Yawen , Gao Enduo
Published: November 2024

Enhancing light–matter interactions is particularly important in the field of micronano optics, which can be achieved through plasmon-induced transparency. A new type of metasurface consisting of a single layer of graphene is mainly investigated in the study. This structure is mainly composed of a graphene strip and two graphene blocks, generating plasmon-induced transparency at terahertz frequencies via weak coupling between the two bright modes. Furthermore, the time-domain finite-difference method (FDTD) and coupled-mode theory (CMT) are utilized to further explore the physical mechanism of PIT formation. By adjusting the Fermi level of graphene, the transmittance window of PIT can be effectively regulated, resulting in a reflectivity of more than 65% for this structure. Moreover, the influence of the graphene Fermi level on the slow-light effect was analyzed, and the group index was increased from 450 to 562 when the Fermi level of graphene was increased from 0.8 eV to 1.1 eV. The findings are important for the realization of multifunctional terahertz devices such as modulators and slow light.
Atomic coherence-induced non-Hermitian control of multimode EPR steering from cascading four-wave mixing
Authors: Qin Wenqiang , Yan Jin , Zhao Wenjing , Bai Yonglin , Li Feng , Zhang Yanpeng , Cai Yin
Published: November 2024

Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering is a type of directional quantum correlation that holds immense significance and broad applications in quantum information processing. While EPR steering has been achieved across various physical systems, research into its implementation in non-Hermitian systems remains in its early stages. In this study, we delve into the realm of non-Hermitian control of EPR steering by leveraging atomic coherence-controlled energy-level cascaded four-wave mixing (ELC-FWM) processes. We derive analytical expressions for the generation of EPR steering within such non-Hermitian nonlinear systems, demonstrating that exceptional points (EPs) and multimode EPR steering can be realized through introducing dressing-control fields. Furthermore, we illustrate that nonlinear coherent channels and the associated steerability distribution of the output modes can be tailored during the EPR steering generation process, which is directly linked to the eigenvalues of non-Hermitian processes. Additionally, we analyze the impact of loss effects on generated multimode EPR steering. Our findings suggest that non-Hermitian control offers a promising all-optical approach for constructing practical quantum networks.
Intensity-coupled multi-beam phase retrieval for holographic volumetric additive manufacturing
Authors: Li Chi Chung , Toombs Joseph , Subramanian Vivek , Taylor Hayden K.
Published: November 2024

Multi-beam holographic projection is a promising yet underexplored avenue for advanced volumetric additive manufacturing (VAM) systems to control image focus in 3D, compensate for aberrations, and overcome resolution anisotropy. Nevertheless, there is currently no formal method to jointly optimize multiple holographic projections for maximum reconstruction fidelity of the printed object. This work introduces an optimization framework to search for the optimal set of projection parameters, namely phase modulation values and amplitudes, for multi-beam holographic lithography. The proposed framework is more general than classical phase retrieval algorithms in the sense that it can simultaneously optimize multiple holographic beams and model the coupled non-linear material response created by co-illumination of the holograms. The framework incorporates efficient methods to evaluate holographic light fields, resample quantities across coordinate grids, and compute the coupled exposure effect. The efficacy of this optimization method is tested for a variety of setup configurations that involve multi-wavelength illumination and time-multiplexed scanning beams. Among all demonstrations, a special test case of holo-tomographic patterning achieved the lowest error with 128 simultaneously optimized holograms, highlighting its potential in high-contrast microscale fabrication. All testing results indicate that a fully coupled optimization offers superior solutions relative to a decoupled optimization approach.
Non-local effects in a Brillouin optical frequency-domain analysis system
Authors: Catalano Ester , Coscetta Agnese , Vallifuoco Raffaele , Zeni Luigi , Minardo Aldo
Published: November 2024

Systematic errors due to the energy transfer between the pump and probe waves in distributed Brillouin sensors have been widely studied in conventional schemes based on a pulsed pump wave. These studies led to the formulation of guidelines and/or novel schemes, allowing strict control of these errors. In this paper, we analyze numerically and experimentally the influence of non-local effects in Brillouin optical frequency-domain analysis sensors. Due to the continuous interaction of the optical waves along the fiber, we show that non-local effects are influenced by the power of both pump and probe waves. Our analysis, performed for a single-sideband and a double-sideband BOFDA scheme, leads to the formulation of simple guidelines to make the impact of non-local effects negligible.
Dual-band broadband terahertz orbital angular momentum metasurface
Authors: Yang Yaobang , Wang Xiaoyi , Zhang Junwen , Yang Guo-Min , Chi Nan
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a dual-band, broadband Terahertz-orbital angular momentum (THz-OAM) electromagnetic (EM) metasurface (MS) capable of independently generating OAM beams of different modes in two distinct terahertz bands simultaneously. Through simulations, fabrication, and testing of the MS, we demonstrate that the MS generates THz-OAM EM waves with mode l =  + 1 in the frequency range of 125–135 GHz and mode l = −1 in the range of 160–170 GHz, without interference. The proposed MS exhibits several advantageous characteristics, including dual-band operation, large bandwidth, high integration, low cost, and polarization insensitivity. These features make it highly valuable for various applications and hold significant importance for the development of the next generation of large-capacity and high-speed communication.
High dynamic-range dimming control for CFMO-OFDM-based VLC systems utilizing a grouped direct current scheme
Authors: Li Tao , Chen Hongyu , Wang Maoren , Chu Yuheng , Gao Fang , Zhang Tian
Published: November 2024

Since visible light communication (VLC) uses light-emitting diode (LED) as transmitters, it has dual functions of illumination and communication. To meet flexible lighting and energy-saving needs, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, dimming control scheme for spectrally efficient clipping-free multilayer optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CFMO-OFDM)-based VLC systems. In order to achieve high dynamic-range dimming control for LEDs, the time-domain CFMO-OFDM signals are first grouped based on frequency-domain subcarrier distribution. Then, the periodic grouped direct current (DC) signal can be flexibly chosen and added to the above CFMO-OFDM signals. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared with classical asymmetrical hybrid optical OFDM (AHO-OFDM) and DC bias-based dimming methods, the proposed scheme offers higher dimming range, better flexibility, and lower implementation complexity, as well as superior bit error rate (BER) performance.
Vertical directional coupling based grating emission engineering for optical phased arrays: publisher’s note
Authors: Duan Jiazhu , Yao Weiming , Zhao Xiangjie , Liu Cangli , Gao Wanchang , Chen YiBo , Hu Qiqi , Li Dapeng , Zhang Dayong , Xu Xiaochuan
Published: November 2024

This publisher’s note contains a correction to Opt. Lett. 49, 3102 (2024)10.1364/OL.524198.
Enhanced near-infrared absorption in lattice-matched Sc0.14Al0.86N/GaN multi-quantum wells: growth optimization and insights into polarization parameters
Authors: Abdin Zain Ul , Gopakumar Govardan , Kumar Rajendra , Manfra Michael J. , Malis Oana
Published: November 2024

We report on the near-infrared intersubband (ISB) absorption properties of strain-free Sc0.14Al0.86N/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown on c-plane GaN substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. These MQWs exhibit strong, sharp, and tunable absorption energies between 515 meV and 709 meV, for well widths ranging from 7 nm to 1.5 nm, respectively. Observation of ISB absorption in ultra-thin Sc0.14Al0.86N/GaN MQWs not only extends the near-infrared range accessible with Sc-containing nitrides but also highlights the challenges of growing nanometer-thick GaN quantum wells. We explore the effects of growth temperature on absorption characteristics and find that substrate temperatures above 600°C significantly enhance ISB absorption intensity but also introduce an energy redshift for the narrowest wells. The redshift is attributed to increased interface roughness due to ScAlN surface morphology degradation at higher temperatures. Additionally, a comparison of experimental results with simulated band-structures indicates that the magnitude of net polarization rises faster with Sc-composition than previously suggested by theoretical calculations. This study advances the prospects of ScAlN/GaN heterostructures for novel photonic devices in the technologically important near-infrared range.
Overcoming the fundamental limit of quantum transduction via intraband entanglement
Authors: Shi Haowei , Zhuang Quntao
Published: November 2024

A quantum transducer converts an input signal to an output probe at a distant frequency band while maintaining the quantum information with high fidelity, which is crucial for quantum networking and distributed quantum sensing and computing. In terms of microwave–optical quantum transduction, the state-of-the-art quantum transducers suffer low transduction efficiency from weak nonlinear coupling, wherein increasing pump power to enhance efficiency inevitably leads to thermal noise from heating. Moreover, we reveal that the efficiency-bandwidth product of a cavity electro-optical or electro-optomechanical transducer is fundamentally limited by pump power and nonlinear coupling coefficient, irrespective of cavity engineering efforts. To overcome this fundamental limit, we propose to noiselessly boost the transduction efficiency by consuming intraband entanglement (e.g., microwave–microwave or optical–optical entanglement in the case of microwave–optical transduction). Via a squeezer–coupler–antisqueezer sandwich structure, the protocol enhances the transduction efficiency to unity in the ideal lossless case, given an arbitrarily weak pump and nonlinear coupling. In practical cavity systems, our entanglement-assisted protocol surpasses the non-assisted fundamental limit of the efficiency-bandwidth product and reduces the threshold cooperativity for positive quantum capacity by a factor proportional to two-mode squeezing gain. Given a fixed cooperativity, our approach increases the broadband quantum capacity by orders of magnitude. The entanglement-assisted advantage is robust to ancilla loss and cavity detuning.
Kleinian Singularities: Some Geometry, Combinatorics and Representation Theory
Authors: Bertsch Lukas , Gyenge Ádám , Szendrői Balázs
Published: November 2024

We review the relationship between discrete groups of symmetries of Euclidean three-space, constructions in algebraic geometry around Kleinian singularities including versions of Hilbert and Quot schemes, and their relationship to finite-dimensional and affine Lie algebras via the McKay correspondence. We focus on combinatorial aspects, such as the enumeration of certain types of partition-like objects, reviewing in particular a recently developed root-of-unity-substitution calculus. While the most complete results are in type $A$
A
, we also develop aspects of the theory in type $D$
D
, and end with some questions about the exceptional type $E$
E
cases.
GWAS and 3D chromatin mapping identifies multicancer risk genes associated with hormone-dependent cancers
Authors: Rivera Isela Sarahi , French Juliet D. , Bitar Mainá , Sivakumaran Haran , Nair Sneha , Kaufmann Susanne , Hillman Kristine M. , Moradi Marjaneh Mahdi , Beesley Jonathan , Edwards Stacey L.
Published: November 2024

Hormone-dependent cancers (HDCs) share several risk factors, suggesting a common aetiology. Using data from genome-wide association studies, we showed spatial clustering of risk variants across four HDCs (breast, endometrial, ovarian and prostate cancers), contrasting with genetically uncorrelated traits. We identified 44 multi-HDC risk regions across the genome, defined as overlapping risk regions for at least two HDCs: two regions contained risk variants for all four HDCs, 13 for three HDCs and 28 for two HDCs. Integrating GWAS data, epigenomic profiling and promoter capture HiC maps from diverse cell line models, we annotated 53 candidate risk genes at 22 multi-HDC risk regions. These targets were enriched for established genes from the COSMIC Cancer Gene Census, but many had no previously reported pleiotropic roles. Additionally, we pinpointed lncRNAs as potential HDC targets and identified risk alleles in several regions that altered transcription factors motifs, suggesting regulatory mechanisms. Known drug targets were over-represented among the candidate multi-HDC risk genes, implying that some may serve as targets for therapeutic development or facilitate the repurposing of existing treatments for HDC. Our approach provides a framework for identifying common target genes driving complex traits and enhances understanding of HDC susceptibility.
Experimental study on mechanical response and crack evolution law of coal and sandstone under different stress environments
Authors: Shi Wenbao , Xu Qingzhao , Miao Zhuang , Qi Chao , Chang Jucai , Li Chuanming , Yan Aoyun
Published: November 2024

In order to study the mechanical response and crack evolution law of different lithologic rock bodies under different stress environments in deep stress mines, based on the deviator stress theory, the actual triaxial disturbance unloading rock test system was used to simulate the stress occurrence environment of the original rock. The mechanical characteristics of different σ2 coal rock masses were studied, and the crack evolution law of coal and sandstone under different stress environments was analyzed. The results show that the increase of σ2 inhibits the deformation in the σ2 direction of coal and sandstone, promotes the expansion and deformation in the σ3 direction, and enhances its peak strength and elastic modulus. The development characteristics of internal cracks in rock mass are directly related to the stress environment, and the increase of σ2 promotes the increase of the proportion of coal RA value, weakens the proportion of sandstone RA value, aggravates the development of coal internal shear cracks, and inhibits the development of internal shear cracks in sandstone. The larger σ2, the greater the initial AE ringing count of coal and sandstone, and the greater the AE cumulative energy when the rock mass is finally damaged. At the same time, due to the self-organizing behavior in the process of crystal failure in sandstone, the cumulative energy curve of sandstone fluctuates in a step-like manner. The ringing count and cumulative energy increase suddenly, which can predict the imminent instability and failure of the rock, and the research results can provide an experimental basis for the sudden instability of deep high-stress roadways.
Chemical fractions of potassium in arid region calcareous soils: The impact of microclimates and physiographic variability
Authors: Poozesh Shirazi Morteza , Enjavinezhad Sayyed Mahmoud , Moosavi Ali Akbar
Published: November 2024

Factors such as topography, mineralogy, physicochemical properties, and climate can affect the distribution of soil potassium (K) forms. However, often the special effects of physiographic units are neglected. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the factors controlling the distribution of chemical fractions of K in different physiographic units of calcareous soils (piedmont plain, flood plain, alluvial plain, lowland, badland, and plateau) in southern Iran. The XRD analyzing patterns showed that the distribution of K forms is controlled by K-bearing minerals (i.e., illite) in finer particles of the soils. Physiographic units significantly affect the distribution of K forms due to different microclimates (such as soluble, exchangeable, and non-exchangeable). In addition, different correlations between the K forms and some physicochemical properties of the soils such as soil texture (i.e., silt (r = 0.511** to 0.527**) and sand (r = -0.357* to -0.389*)), electrical conductivity (EC) (r = 0.617** to 0.723**), sodium absorption ratio (SAR) (r = 0.478** to 0.577**), pH (r = 0.347* to 0.519**), and gypsum (r = 0.372* to 0.475**) were found in soils of the study area. It is recommended that cultivation sites are chosen with a deeper understanding of land conditions e.g., slope, elevation, microclimatic conditions, soil development, and clay mineralogy.
Risk factors associated with SGLT2 inhibitor discontinuation in diabetic patients with heart failure
Authors: Kim Minkwan , Heo Seok-Jae , Kim Moon-Hyun , Park Je-Wook , Bae SungA , Roh Ji Woong , Lee Oh-Hyun , Kim Yongcheol , Im Eui , Jung In Hyun , Cho Deok-Kyu
Published: November 2024

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), have shown benefits in patient with heart failure (HF), however, adherence remains a significant issue: with only 60% of patients continuing usage beyond a year. This study aims to identify patients at risk of discontinuing SGLT2i and promote its judicious use to reduce hospitalizations and improve cardiovascular outcomes. Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, patients diagnosed with HF and diabetes mellitus (n = 1,665,565) between 2013 and 2018 were identified. Among them, 55,694 participants prescribed SGLT2i were enrolled. The primary endpoint included 1) all-cause mortality and 2) SGLT2i-related hospitalization, encompassing incidents such as ketoacidosis, acute kidney injury, urinary tract infections, fall-related fractures, and other unplanned hospitalizations. During the follow-up period (median: 2.3 years; range: 1.2–3.6 years), 8,463 participants reached the primary endpoint (25.5 for all-cause death and 39.4 for SGLT2i-related hospitalizations per 1,000 person-years). Independent risk factors for the primary endpoint in multivariate Cox regression and propensity-score matching analyses included age of ≥ 70 years, body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2, body weight <60 kg, anemia, chronic kidney disease, and the use of diuretics. Age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–1.54), BMI (HR 1.78, 95% CI: 1.29–2.45), body weight (HR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09–1.26) and the use of furosemide (HR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.22–1.74) (all p<0.001) were consistent independent risk factors in the propensity score-matched cohort. Having three or more risk factors was associated with an adjusted HR that was 3.04 times higher than cases with no risk factor (95% CI: 2.83–3.28, p<0.001). Old age, low weight or BMI, and the use of diuretics are risk factors that hinder the continuous use of SGLT2i in diabetic patients with HF. Close monitoring for side effects is essential when prescribing SGLT2i, particularly for those with multiple risk factors.
Membrane fluidity control by the Magnaporthe oryzae acyl-CoA binding protein sets the thermal range for host rice cell colonization
Authors: Richter Michael , Segal Lauren M. , Rocha Raquel O. , Rokaya Nisha , de Queiroz Aline R. , Riekhof Wayne R. , Roston Rebecca L. , Wilson Richard A.
Published: November 2024

Following leaf cuticle penetration by specialized appressorial cells, the devastating blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae grows as invasive hyphae (IH) in living rice cells. IH are separated from host cytoplasm by plant-derived membranes forming an apoplastic compartment and a punctate biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC) that mediate the molecular host-pathogen interaction. What molecular and cellular processes determine the temperature range for this biotrophic growth stage is an unanswered question pertinent to a broader understanding of how phytopathogens may cope with environmental stresses arising under climate change. Here, we shed light on thermal adaptation in M. oryzae by disrupting the ACB1 gene encoding the single acyl-CoA-binding protein, an intracellular transporter of long-chain acyl-CoA esters. Loss of ACB1 affected fatty acid desaturation levels and abolished pathogenicity at optimal (26°C) and low (22°C) but not elevated (29°C) infection temperatures (the latter following post-penetration shifts from 26°C). Relative to wild type, the Δacb1 mutant strain exhibited poor vegetative growth and impaired membrane trafficking at 22°C and 26°C, but not at 29°C. In planta, Δacb1 biotrophic growth was inhibited at 26°C–which was accompanied by a multi-BIC phenotype—but not at 29°C, where BIC formation was normal. Underpinning the Δacb1 phenotype was impaired membrane fluidity at 22°C and 26°C but not at elevated temperatures, indicating Acb1 suppresses membrane rigidity at optimal- and suboptimal- but not supraoptimal temperatures. Deducing a temperature-dependent role for Acb1 in maintaining membrane fluidity homeostasis reveals how the thermal range for rice blast disease is both mechanistically determined and wider than hitherto appreciated.
Examining the molecular clock hypothesis for the contemporary evolution of the rabies virus
Authors: Durrant Rowan , Cobbold Christina A. , Brunker Kirstyn , Campbell Kathryn , Dushoff Jonathan , Ferguson Elaine A. , Jaswant Gurdeep , Lugelo Ahmed , Lushasi Kennedy , Sikana Lwitiko , Hampson Katie
Published: November 2024

The molecular clock hypothesis assumes that mutations accumulate on an organism’s genome at a constant rate over time, but this assumption does not always hold true. While modelling approaches exist to accommodate deviations from a strict molecular clock, assumptions about rate variation may not fully represent the underlying evolutionary processes. There is considerable variability in rabies virus (RABV) incubation periods, ranging from days to over a year, during which viral replication may be reduced. This prompts the question of whether modelling RABV on a per infection generation basis might be more appropriate. We investigate how variable incubation periods affect root-to-tip divergence under per-unit time and per-generation models of mutation. Additionally, we assess how well these models represent root-to-tip divergence in time-stamped RABV sequences. We find that at low substitution rates (<1 substitution per genome per generation) divergence patterns between these models are difficult to distinguish, while above this threshold differences become apparent across a range of sampling rates. Using a Tanzanian RABV dataset, we calculate the mean substitution rate to be 0.17 substitutions per genome per generation. At RABV’s substitution rate, the per-generation substitution model is unlikely to represent rabies evolution substantially differently than the molecular clock model when examining contemporary outbreaks; over enough generations for any divergence to accumulate, extreme incubation periods average out. However, measuring substitution rates per-generation holds potential in applications such as inferring transmission trees and predicting lineage emergence.
Topological dimensions of random attractors for a stochastic reaction-diffusion equation with delay
Authors: Hu Wenjie , Caraballo Tomas
Published: November 2024

The aim of this paper is to obtain an estimation of Hausdorff as well as fractal dimensions of random attractors for a stochastic reaction-diffusion equation with delay. The stochastic equation is firstly transformed into a delayed random partial differential equation by means of a random conjugation, which is then recast into an auxiliary Hilbert space. For the obtained equation, it is firstly proved that it generates a random dynamical system (RDS) in the auxiliary Hilbert space. Then it is shown that the equation possesses random attractors by a uniform estimate of the solution and the asymptotic compactness of the generated RDS. After establishing the variational equation in the auxiliary Hilbert space and the almost surely differentiable properties of the RDS, upper estimates of both Hausdorff and fractal dimensions of the random attractors are obtained.
Critical points approaches for multiple solutions of a quasilinear periodic boundary value problem
Authors: Heidarkhani Shapour , Moradi Shahin , Caristi Giuseppe , Ferrara Massimiliano
Published: November 2024

Optimization problems are omnipresent in the mathematical modeling of real world systems and cover a very extensive range of applications becoming apparent in all branches of Economics, Finance, Materials Science, Astronomy, Physics, Structural and Molecular Biology, Engineering, Computer Science, and Medicine. In this paper, we aim to delve deeper into the multiplicity findings concerning a specific class of quasilinear periodic boundary value problems. In fact, as an optimization problem, we look for the critical points of the energy functional related to the problem. Utilizing a corollary derived from Bonanno's local minimum theorem, we investigate the existence of a one solution under certain algebraic conditions on the nonlinear term. Additionally, we explore conditions that lead to the existence of two solutions, incorporating the classical Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz (AR) condition alongside algebraic criteria. Moreover, by employing two critical point theorems one by Averna and Bonanno, and another by Bonanno, we establish the existence of two and three solutions in a particular scenario. To illustrate our findings, we provide an example.
Limit cycles bifurcations of Liénard system with a hyperelliptic Hamiltonian of degree five
Authors: Shao Yi , A Chunxiang
Published: November 2024

We deal with limit cycles bifurcating from the period annulus of Liénard system with a hyperelliptic Hamiltonian of degree five under quartic perturbation, where Liénard system has a normal form

x
˙

=
y

,

y
˙

=
x
(
x
−
1
)
(

x

2

+
a
x
+
b
)
. It is proved that the perturbation of this system can produce at most six limit cycles for
a
=
b
=
2
.
Uniform approximation of a class of impulsive delayed Hopfield neural networks on the half-line
Authors: Hartung Ferenc , Pinto Manuel , Torres Ricardo
Published: November 2024

In this work, we investigate a uniform approximation of a nonautonomous delayed CNN-Hopfield-type impulsive system with an associated impulsive differential system where a partial discretization is introduced with the help of piecewise constant arguments. Sufficient conditions are formulated, which imply that the error estimate decays exponentially with time on the half-line
[
0
,
∞
)
. A critical step for the proof of this estimate is to show that, under the assumed conditions, the solutions of the Hopfield impulsive system are exponentially bounded and exponentially stable. A bounded coefficients case is also analyzed under simplified conditions. An example is presented and simulated in order to show the applicability of our conditions.
Addendum to Higher order stroboscopic averaged functions: a general relationship with Melnikov functions
Authors: Novaes Douglas
Published: November 2024

This addendum presents a relevant stronger consequence of the main theorem of the paper “Higher order stroboscopic averaged functions: a general relationship with Melnikov functions”, Electron. J. Qual. Theory Differ. Equ. 2021, No. 77.
The Afterlife of Sacrifice in the Kurdish Movement
Authors: Düzel Esin
Published: November 2024

What happens when sacrifice is imagined in terms of a debt that can be repaid? In the ongoing conflict begun in 1984 between the Kurdistan Workers’ Party and the Turkish state, Kurdish revolutionary discourse has characterized death as the required price for liberation. After 2002, a shift away from revolutionary violence and an increase in civil politics with more diverse actors allowed for public recognition of sacrifice other than death. This ethnography in Diyarbakır conceptualizes “the afterlives of revolutionary sacrifice” to unearth the multiple temporalities of revolutionary struggle. Rather than viewing sacrifice through the lens of the revolutionary sacred, the article rethinks revolution through the vulnerabilities, relationships of care, and hopes that such temporalities entail. It highlights the afterlives of sacrifice to complicate the traditional narratives of heroism and martyrdom, sheds light on everyday struggles, affects, and relationships, and questions how we value sacrifice for political change. 

ÖZET

Bedelin geri ödenebilecek bir karşılığı tahayyül edildiğinde ne olur? Kürdistan İşçi Partisi ile Türkiye devleti arasında 1984 yılında başlayan ve halen devam eden çatışmada, Kürt devrimci söylemi ölümü özgürlük için ödenmesi gereken bir bedel olarak nitelendirmiştir. 2002’den sonra devrimci şiddetten uzaklaşılması ve daha çeşitli aktörlerin yer aldığı sivil siyasetin oluşması, ölüm dışındaki bedellerin de kamuoyu tarafından görülmesini sağladı. Diyarbakır’da geçen bu etnografik çalışma, devrimci mücadelenin çoğul zamansallıklarını ortaya çıkarmak için «devrimci bedelin sonraki yaşamlarını» kavramsallaştırıyor. Makale, bedeli devrimci kutsalın merceğinden görmek yerine, devrimi bu tür zamansallıkların barındırdığı kırılganlıklar, ihtimam ilişkileri ve umutlar üzerinden yeniden düşünüyor. Geleneksel kahramanlık ve şehitlik anlatılarını karmaşıklaştırmak için bedelin sonraki yaşamlarını vurgulamakta, gündelik mücadelelere, duygulara ve ilişkilere ışık tutmakta ve siyasi değişim için bedel nasıl değer verdiğimizi sorgulamaktadır. 

KURTE

Çi dibe dema bedêl wek deynekê tê xeyalkirin ku paşê dikaribe bê dayîn? Di şerê navbera Partiya Karkerên Kurdistanê û dewleta Tirkiyeyê de ku di 1984an de destpêkirî û hê jî berdewam e, gotara şoreşger a kurd mirinê wek bihayeke ji bo azadiyê lazim wesf kiriye. Piştî 2002yan, dûrketina ji şîdeta şoreşger û bi geşbûna siyaseta sivîl ya bi aktorên cihêtir, rê li ber vekir ku derveyî mirinê jî bedelên din ji aliyê raya giştî ve werin dîtin. Vê xebata etnografîk a li Diyarbekirê, ji bo derxistina holê ya pirhejmariya wextînî ya têkoşîna şoreşger, “jiyanên paşê yên bedêlên şoreşger” têgînî dike. Gotar, di dewsa dîtina bedêlê ya ji rojika pîroziya şoreşgerê de; şoreşê bi rêya şikestinbarî, têkiliyên îhtîmamê, hêviyên ku wextîniyên vî cureyî dihewînin ji nû ve difikire. Ji bo tevlîhevkirina vegotinên şehîdî û qehremaniyên kevneşopî, bal dikişîne ser jiyanên piştî bedêlê, ronî dide ser têkoşîn, hest û têkiliyên rojane û pirsiyar dike ka ji bo guherînên siyasî em çawa qîmet didin bedêlê.
Good Bureaucrats and God: The Ethical Labor of the Public
Authors: Hayat Maira
Published: November 2024

Bureaucracies are typically studied for lessons in structural violence, anti-politics, failures of law, and as foils to the ethical. I, however, argue that they constitute uniquely important sites to theorize the ethical. Conceptualizing ethical labor as a modality of everyday bureaucratic work, I examine this labor as it enrolls law, God, and vernaculars of work, and takes the form of public-private distinction-making. The article expands the anthropology of bureaucracy, ethics, and Islam by going beyond showing that public-private distinctions are immanent to modern secular power, arguing instead that they are actively labored for in everyday bureaucratic work. As a result, who they favor or menace is a function of specific political-legal and historical lineages.

خلاصہ

بیوروکریسی کے مطالعے کے پس منظر میں عموماً    یہ چند اسباب ہوتے ہیں : تشدد بذریہ ظوابط , قانون کا غیر اطلاق سیاست اور اخلاقیات کی نفی. تاہم اس مضمون کے مطابق سرکاری اداروں    کے تجزیہ میں    اخلاقیات کے نظریہ کی خاص اہمیت ہے. یہ تصور کرتے ہوئے کہ بیوروکریسی کی روزمرہ کارکردگی اخلاقیات    کی ایک شکل ہےیہ مضمون بیوروکریسی، اخلاقیات اور اسلام کی بشریات کو ایک وسیع پیمانے پہ جانچتا ہے: بحث محض یہ نہیں کہ نجی سرکاری تفریق جدید سیکولر اقتدار کا ایک جُز ہے بلکہ یہ بھی کہ اس تفریق کو برقرار رکھنا بیوروکریٹک کام کا خاص مقصد بھی ہے.    نتیجتاً کون اس سے فائدہ حاصل کرتا ہے اور کس کے لیے یہ خطرہ ہیں , اس کا فیصلہ مخصوص سیاسی قانونی اور تاریخی مسب و نسب کے مطابق ہوتا ہے
Not all biases are created equal: how to deal with bias on laboratory measurements
Authors: Panteghini Mauro
Published: November 2024

Although the concept of bias appears consolidated in laboratory science, some important changes in its definition and management have occurred since the introduction of metrological traceability theory in laboratory medicine. In the traceability era, medical laboratories should rely on manufacturers who must ensure traceability of their in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVD-MD) to the highest available references, providing bias correction during the trueness transfer process to calibrators before they are marketed. However, sometimes some bias can be observed arising from an insufficient correction during the traceability implementation. This source of bias can be discovered by the IVD-MD surveillance by traceability-based external quality assessment and confirmed by ad-hoc validation experiments. The assessment of significance should be based on its impact on measurement uncertainty (MU) of results. The IVD manufacturer, appropriately warned, is responsible to take an immediate investigation and eventually fix the problem with a corrective action. Even if IVD-MD is correctly aligned in the validation steps and bias components are eliminated, during ordinary use the system may undergo systematic variations such as those caused by recalibrations and lot changes. These sources of randomly occurring bias are incorporated in the estimate of intermediate reproducibility of IVD-MD through internal quality control and can be tolerated until the estimated MU on clinical samples fulfils the predefined specifications. A readjustment of the IVD-MD by the end-user must be undertaken to try to correct the bias becoming significant. If the bias remains, the IVD manufacturer should be requested to rectify the problem.
Applying Topic Modeling to Literary Analysis: A Review
Authors: Li Defeng , Wu Kan , Lei Victoria L.C.
Published: November 2024

This article examines the integration of topic modeling within literary studies, highlighting its potential to transform conventional literary analysis through computational techniques. It reviews the theoretical underpinnings underlying topic modeling, including prominent algorithms like Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Non-negative Matrix Factorization, and Neural Topic Models, and discuss their utility in dissecting large textual corpora to uncover latent thematic and stylistic patterns. The article subsequently addresses the specific methodological steps for effective implementation, spanning text preprocessing model tuning and result interpretation. We further illustrate the diverse applications of topic modeling in literary studies through thematic analysis, comparative studies, and the extraction of cultural and historical insights. Challenges such as model accuracy, technical limitations, and ethical considerations are critically assessed. The review concludes by envisioning prospective future directions that foresee enhanced integration of topic modeling into literary criticism, facilitated by technological and interdisciplinary advancements.
A novel de novo missense OTC mutation in an Iranian girl: a case report
Authors: Bahadoran Ensiyeh , Saffari Fatemeh , Ramezani Mehrzad , Moghbelinejad Sahar
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is the most common inborn error of the urea cycle, caused by mutations in the OTC gene located on the X chromosome. OTCD presents in early and late-onset forms, with variable severity. Despite the high genetic heterogeneity, genotype-phenotype correlations help in prognosis and treatment planning. This study presents a novel missense mutation in an Iranian girl with OTCD, occurring de novo, contributing to the understanding of the disease’s genetic landscape.

Case presentation

A 2-year-old girl from a consanguineous marriage presented with nausea, recurrent vomiting, and seizure. Elevated plasma ammonia, liver enzyme tests, and hepatomegaly suggested metabolic disorders. Following whole exome test, a novel heterozygous missense mutation in exon 7 of the OTC gene (c.674C>T) was identified in the patient. Despite maternal and paternal testing, no mutation was detected.

Conclusions

Identifying new mutations in populations helps mitigate the high mortality rates associated with OTCD hyperammonemic episodes and provides the best course of treatment, especially considering the diverse phenotypic variations.
System of degenerate parabolic p-Laplacian
Authors: Kim Sunghoon , Lee Ki-Ahm
Published: November 2024

In this article, we study the mathematical properties of the solution

u
=

(

u

1

,

…

,

u

k

)

{\bf{u}}=({u}^{1},\ldots ,{u}^{k})

to the degenerate parabolic system

u

t

=

∇

⋅

(

∣

∇

u

∣

p
−
2

∇

u

)

,

(

p
>
2

)

.

{{\bf{u}}}_{t}=\nabla \hspace{0.25em}\cdot \hspace{0.25em}({| \nabla {\bf{u}}| }^{p-2}\nabla {\bf{u}}),\hspace{1.0em}(p\gt 2).

More precisely, we show the existence and uniqueness of solution

u

{\bf{u}}

and investigate a priori

L

∞

{L}^{\infty }

boundedness of the gradient of the solution. Assuming that the solution decays quickly at infinity, we also prove that the component

u

l

{u}^{l}

,

(

1
≤
l
≤
k

)

(1\le l\le k)

, converges to the function

c

l

ℬ

{c}^{l}{\mathcal{ {\mathcal B} }}

in space as

t
→
∞

t\to \infty

. Here, the function

ℬ

{\mathcal{ {\mathcal B} }}

is the fundamental or Barenblatt solution of

p

p

-Laplacian equation, and the constant

c

l

{c}^{l}

is determined by the

L

1

{L}^{1}

-mass of

u

l

{u}^{l}

. The proof is based on the existence of entropy functional. As an application of the asymptotic large-time behaviour, we establish a Harnack-type inequality, which makes the size of the spatial average controlled by the value of the solution at one point.
Twist-tunable in-plane anisotropic polaritonic crystals
Authors: Capote-Robayna Nathaniel , Tresguerres-Mata Ana I. F. , Tarazaga Martín-Luengo Aitana , Terán-García Enrique , Martin-Moreno Luis , Alonso-González Pablo , Nikitin Alexey Y.
Published: November 2024

van der Waals (vdW) materials supporting phonon polaritons (PhPs) – light coupled to lattice vibrations – have gathered significant interest because of their intrinsic anisotropy and low losses. In particular, α-MoO3 supports PhPs with in-plane anisotropic propagation, which has been exploited to tune the optical response of twisted bilayers and trilayers. Additionally, various studies have explored the realization of polaritonic crystals (PCs) – lattices with periods comparable to the polariton wavelength. PCs consisting of hole arrays etched in α-MoO3 slabs exhibit Bragg resonances dependent on the angle between the crystallographic axes and the lattice vectors. However, such PC concept, with a fixed orientation and size of its geometrical parameters, constrains practical applications and introduces additional scattering losses due to invasive fabrication processes. Here, we demonstrate a novel PC concept that overcomes these limitations, enabling low-loss optical tuning. It comprises a rotatable pristine α-MoO3 layer located on a periodic hole array fabricated in a metallic layer. Our design prevents degradation of the α-MoO3 optical properties caused by fabrication, preserving its intrinsic low-loss and in-plane anisotropic propagation of PhPs. The resulting PC exhibits rotation of the Bloch modes, which is experimentally visualized by scanning near-field microscopy. In addition, we experimentally determine the polaritons momentum and reconstruct their band structure. These results pave the way for mechanically tunable nano-optical components based on polaritons for potential lasing, sensing, or energy harvesting applications.
Design and fabrication of robust hybrid photonic crystal cavities
Authors: Abulnaga Alex , Karg Sean , Mukherjee Sounak , Gupta Adbhut , Baldwin Kirk W. , Pfeiffer Loren N. , de Leon Nathalie P.
Published: November 2024

Heterogeneously integrated hybrid photonic crystal cavities enable strong light–matter interactions with solid state, optically addressable quantum memories. A key challenge to realizing high quality factor (Q) hybrid photonic crystals is the reduced index contrast on the substrate compared to suspended devices in air. This challenge is particularly acute for color centers in diamond because of diamond’s high refractive index, which leads to increased scattering loss into the substrate. Here, we develop a design methodology for hybrid photonic crystals utilizing a detailed understanding of substrate-mediated loss, which incorporates sensitivity to fabrication errors as a critical parameter. Using this methodology, we design robust, high-Q, GaAs-on-diamond photonic crystal cavities, and by optimizing our fabrication procedure, we experimentally realize cavities with Q approaching 30,000 at a resonance wavelength of 955 nm.
The salt crystal structure of etoricoxib hydrochloride, C18H16Cl2N2O2S
Authors: Ma Yu-Heng , Hong Wei-Pu , Qian Yan-Ling , Tao Zhen-Wei , Hou Shi-Qi , Guo Jia-Le , Ma Wen-Jing , Wang Yi-Hong
Published: November 2024

C18H16Cl2N2O2S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.915(2) Å, b = 11.801(2) Å, c = 14.059(3) Å, β = 90.10(3)°, V = 1810.9(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0585, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1532, T = 293(2) K.
The cocrystal structure of praziquantel-hesperetin (1/1), C35H38N2O8
Authors: Han Wei , Li Mei , Geng Xiang , Zhang Guoshun
Published: November 2024

C35H38N2O8, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 14.0502(3) Å, b = 5.93007(14) Å, c = 18.3417(4) Å, β = 101.327(2)°, V = 1498.45(6) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0443, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1082, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of ethyl 4-(4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)benzoate, C20H24N2O2
Authors: Zeng Xue , Feng Yuanjiao , Zhong Wenwu , Hou Yuanfang
Published: November 2024

C20H24N2O2, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 8.0021(9) Å, b = 5.9588(7) Å, c = 18.7274(19) Å, β = 93.546(7)°, V = 891.27(17) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0408, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1208, T = 300 K.
Combining synergistic interaction and ion imprinting to improve adsorption capacity for selective uranium extraction from seawater
Authors: Mo Huilian , Chen Tao , Jiang Chao , Wang Ziyang , Meng Xiangjian , Wu Fei , Liu Wei , Chen Suwen
Published: November 2024

To ensuring the demand for uranium by utilizing unconventional uranium resources, the development of materials for selective capturing uranyl ions is increasingly important. Hence, the ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) based on specific binding sites was designed and prepared for selective enrichment of uranium from seawater. The existence of specific adsorption sites and the corresponding adsorption mechanism were confirmed by a series of experimental analyses and supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Under the influence of seawater environment, the maximal uranium uptake of IIP reached 58.31 mg g−1. Significantly, the mass ratio of U and V (Sr or Ni) adsorbed by IIP was greater than 15, and the adsorption capacity did not change obviously after five cycles of use. The strategy combining ion imprinting and synergistic interaction is expected to improve uranium extraction performance.
Investigation of the radiation shielding efficiency of Bi2O3-doped borosilicate glasses
Authors: Al Huwayz Maryam , Almuqrin Aljawhara H. , Alharbi F.F. , Sayyed M.I. , Albarzan B.
Published: November 2024

In the present work, new borosilicate glasses were prepared to examine their radiation shielding characteristics, focusing on the role of increased Bi2O3 concentration on different radiation shielding parameters as determined by the Phy-X software. At 0.296 MeV, the mass attenuation coefficient was found to be 0.105 cm2/g for the free-Bi2O3 glass, and it increased to 0.266 cm2/g for the sample with 15 mol% Bi2O3. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) was investigated in the 0.0395–1.460 MeV energy range. The LAC was very high at the low energy range and a large LAC value variation was found between the free-Bi2O3 glass sample and those containing Bi2O3, which confirmed that Bi2O3 had a significant impact on the prepared glasses’ radiation shielding properties. The glasses’ effective atomic number (Zeff) was also examined, with the results showing an almost constant Zeff for the free-Bi2O3 glass sample, while the introduction of Bi2O3 caused a notable increase. At 0.0395 MeV, the Zeff value of sample Bi0B70 (free-Bi2O3) was 8.20, while it increased to 55.09, 66.08, and 70.98 with the addition of 5, 10, and 15 mol% Bi2O3.
Monetary Policy Uncertainty in the United States and Investment Sentiment in Advanced Economies
Authors: Azad Nahiyan Faisal , Serletis Apostolos
Published: November 2024

How does uncertainty originating from the future path taken by monetary policy enacted by the Federal Reserve in the United States affect the business confidence in other advanced economies? Does US monetary policy uncertainty affect economic activity in the United States and in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Motivated to answer these questions, we use monthly data and a bivariate GARCH-in-Mean VAR model. We also use a multivariate structural VAR model and a different measure of US monetary policy uncertainty, achieving identification by a combination of short-run and long-run restrictions. Our evidence shows that US monetary policy uncertainty, irrespective of how it is measured, has negative effects on the business confidence and output in the advanced G7 economies.
Mach–Zehnder carbon monoxide gas sensor based on tin dioxide coated endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Chen Cui , Feng Wenlin , Yang Xiaozhan , Ullah Arif
Published: November 2024

A Mach–Zehnder interference (MZI) carbon monoxide gas sensor based on tin dioxide-coated single-mode photonic crystal fiber (ESPCF) was constructed. Using the collapse fusion method, a piece of tin dioxide-coated ESPCF is embedded between the two ends of the seven-core fiber (SCF) to form an SCF-ESPCF-SCF optic-fiber sensor with an MZI sensing structure. To examine the properties of the sensing layer, including its crystalline structure, elemental makeup, and surface appearance, we utilized XRD for diffraction studies, XPS for compositional analysis, and SEM for morphology imaging. The outcomes confirm the successful synthesis of the tin dioxide sensing material, with the formation of a uniform morphology, coating approximately 1.5 μm in thickness on the fiber’s surface. Notably, the sensor exhibits a sensitivity to carbon monoxide of 0.01696 dB/ppm, with activation and reset durations being 60 s and 72 s, correspondingly. The sensor demonstrates high sensitivity, strong selectivity, a favorable linear response, and stability, rendering it highly efficacious for the environmental monitoring of toxic carbon monoxide gas.