bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Karst show caves – how DTN technology as used in space assists automatic environmental monitoring and tourist protection – experiment in Postojna cave
Authors: Gabrovšek F. , Grašič B. , Božnar M. Z. , Mlakar P. , Udén M. , Davies E.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. The paper presents an experiment demonstrating a novel and successful application of Delay- and Disruption-Tolerant Networking (DTN) technology for automatic data transfer in a karst cave Early Warning and Measuring System. The experiment took place inside the Postojna Cave in Slovenia, which is open to tourists. Several automatic meteorological measuring stations are set up inside the cave, as an adjunct to the surveillance infrastructure; the regular data transfer provided by the DTN technology allows the surveillance system to take on the role of an Early Warning System (EWS). One of the stations is set up alongside the railway tracks, which allows the tourist to travel inside the cave by train. The experiment was carried out by placing a DTN "data mule" (a DTN-enabled computer with WiFi connection) on the train and by upgrading the meteorological station with a DTN-enabled WiFi transmission system. When the data mule is in the wireless drive-by mode, it collects measurement data from the station over a period of several seconds as the train passes the stationary equipment, and delivers data at the final train station by the cave entrance. This paper describes an overview of the experimental equipment and organisation allowing the use of a DTN system for data collection and an EWS inside karst caves where there is a regular traffic of tourists and researchers.
20th century intraseasonal Asian monsoon dynamics viewed from Isomap
Authors: Hannachi A. , Turner A. G.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. The Asian summer monsoon is a high-dimensional and highly nonlinear phenomenon involving considerable moisture transport towards land from the ocean, and is critical for the whole region. We have used daily ECMWF reanalysis (ERA-40) sea-level pressure (SLP) anomalies on the seasonal cycle, over the region 50–145° E, 20° S–35° N, to study the nonlinearity of the Asian monsoon using Isomap. We have focused on the two-dimensional embedding of the SLP anomalies for ease of interpretation. Unlike the unimodality obtained from tests performed in empirical orthogonal function space, the probability density function, within the two-dimensional Isomap space, turns out to be bimodal. But a clustering procedure applied to the SLP data reveals support for three clusters, which are identified using a three-component bivariate Gaussian mixture model. The modes are found to appear similar to active and break phases of the monsoon over South Asia in addition to a third phase, which shows active conditions over the western North Pacific. Using the low-level wind field anomalies, the active phase over South Asia is found to be characterised by a strengthening and an eastward extension of the Somali jet. However during the break phase, the Somali jet is weakened near southern India, while the monsoon trough in northern India also weakens. Interpretation is aided using the APHRODITE gridded land precipitation product for monsoon Asia. The effect of large-scale seasonal mean monsoon and lower boundary forcing, in the form of ENSO, is also investigated and discussed. The outcome here is that ENSO is shown to perturb the intraseasonal regimes, in agreement with conceptual ideas.
What Can a Catholic Learn from the History of Jewish Biblical Exegesis?
Authors: Anderson Gary A
Published: October 2013

This article considers the claim of the 2001 Pontifical Biblical Commission Study, The Jewish People and Their Sacred Scriptures in the Christian Bible that the Christian reader can be instructed by post-biblical Jewish reflections on the Bible. It explores Jewish understandings that the role of the biblical prophets was not only to communicate God's messages to Israel but also to represent Israel before God. The essay demonstrates the correctness of the PBC's assertion by applying this Jewish tradition about the prpohets to Christian reflection on the meaning of Jesus' death.
A Holy Land Context for Nostra Aetate
Authors: Neuhaus, sj David M. , Khader Jamal
Published: October 2013

This paper will focus on the Catholic Church in Israel’s experience of and reflections on Jewish-Christian dialogue after Nostra Aetate. The dialogue from this perspective is unique for reasons tied to the context of the dialogue. Firstly, of all the countries of the world, only in Israel are Christians a minority in a Jewish majority. Secondly, Catholics and Jews live in a state defined as Jewish. Thirdly, as most Catholics in Israel are Arabs, dialogue with Jews is also dialogue within the context of a national conflict, between Israelis and Palestinians. Religion has come to play an important role in this conflict. Fourthly, many Jews and Christians in Israel do not have their roots in the Western Christian world but rather in the Middle Eastern Muslim world, which cannot be ignored in the dialogue. All these factors make the interpretation and implementation of section 4 of Nostra Aetate and other guidelines on the dialogue particularly interesting. What perspectives on and challenges to the dialogue between Jews and Christians are discernible in the ongoing experience of the Israeli Jewish-Palestinian Christian dialogue today? Two appendices provide the full texts of recent documents from the Catholic Church in the region.
Branches of that Good Olive Tree: 21st Century Liturgical Challenges and Possibilities
Authors: Doetzel Audrey
Published: October 2013

As indicated in the title, the article’s starting point is the dual affirmation in Nostra Aetate, §4 that the Church “draws its sustenance from the root of that good olive tree,” and that its mystery involves “the spiritual bond” linking it “with Abraham’s stock.” Noting the Church’s commendable liturgical efforts of the past post-Nostra Aetate decades, it observes that the “density” of the present time calls for a more comprehensive approach in the Church’s 21st century liturgical renewal efforts. Due to the rapid and complex confluence of religious, political, intellectual and cultural movements marking the present time, courageous and creative efforts are necessary for the Church’s liturgical response to retain its efficacy and authenticity. The goal of this two-part article is to encourage liturgical conversations that will help foster creative developments in a responsible manner over the next post-Nostra Aetate decade. To enable a more comprehensive overview of recent developments in liturgical theology and liturgical history, Part One briefly explores today’s richly pluriform action of liturgy, and shows the effects, at significant historical moments, of ensuring or neglecting both continuity and change in the Church’s liturgical expressions. After identifying four events or movements contributing to the density of the present historical moment, it proceeds, in Part Two, to outline a three-point focus for 21st century liturgical transformation. This then serves as the lens directing an exploration of new liturgical possibilities relating to the Liturgical Year and the Advent-Christmas cycle.
Attilio Mastrocinque. From Jewish Magic to Gnosticism
Authors: O'Neill Corry
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Daniel Boyarin. Border Lines: The Partition of Judaeo-Christianity
Authors: Grypeou Emmanouela
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Claudia Setzer. Resurrection of the Body in Early Judaism and Early Christianity: Doctrine, Community, and Self-Definition
Authors: Monferrer-Sala Juan Pedro
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Repositioning The “Holy Remnant” of Israel: German Jewish Negotiations with Christian Culture on the Eve of the Holocaust
Authors: Krell Marc A.
Published: October 2013

By maintaining the spiritual centrality of Israel as God’s “holy remnant,” Dietrich Bonhoeffer, unwittingly perhaps, entered into negotiations with Jewish thinkers over their continued theological and cultural relevance to German society. This paper focuses on the Jewish side of these negotiations by examining the work of three Jewish thinkers who helped shape them, Franz Rosenzweig, Hans Joachim Schoeps and Martin Buber. Despite their divergence from one another, the theological approaches of Rosenzweig, Schoeps and Buber represent a common attempt to map out the course of twentieth-century Jewish identity construction based on a shared, but at times unacknowledged engagement with Christian thought and culture. Their writings constitute a mutual opposition to the perceived failure of their forbearers in the Wissenschaft des Judentums to balance Jewish particularity and universalism, while at the same time reflecting a desire for varying degrees of mutual coexistence with their Christian contemporaries. Ultimately the work of Rosenzweig, Schoeps and Buber confirmed Bonhoeffer’s portrayal of the continuing validity of Jewish existence in relation to God during the Holocaust, while at the same time providing models for a later, dialogical mapping of Jewish identities vis à vis Christianity in an increasingly multicultural, post-Holocaust world.
Bonhoeffer and Arendt at One Hundred
Authors: Bernauer James
Published: October 2013

This article compares Arendt and Bonhoeffer on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of their births. The paper presents an unusual depiction of Arendt's work, namely, its religious dimension and interests. The thought of the two intersects in three general areas. First, both embrace a fundamental worldliness that affirms the worth of life in the world and the faith that responds to it. Secondly, both recognize history as a territory of sin and evil and both claim the importance of acknowledging such sin and evil in a life of worldly action. Indeed, such recognition may be the key to successful political activism today. Thirdly, both thinkers develop precise, personal understandings of Jesus as a worldly presence. Indeed, an effective political struggle, especially in a society like the United States, may be unable to avoid delineating an image of and attitude to Jesus.
"Can Catholicism Validate Jewish Biblical Interpretation?" -- A Reply to Jon D. Levenson
Authors: Wansbrough, OSB Henry
Published: October 2013

This article is a response to the article by Jon Levenson in volume 1 of Studies in Christian-Jewish Relations, which asked the question, "Can Catholicism Validate Jewish Biblical Interpretation?" The author, a member of the Pontifical Biblical Commission during its work on the study, The Jewish People and Their Sacred Scriptures in the Christian Bible, engages some of Levenson's reservations about that work. Among the topics discussed are the authority of the study, the perils of religious relativism, and Paul's understanding of the Law in reference to Christ.
Amy-Jill Levine. The Misunderstood Jew: The Church and the Scandal of the Jewish Jesus
Authors: Fisher Eugene J.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Editor's Introduction
Authors: Doetzel Audrey
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Abraham Heschel and the Catholic Heart
Authors: O'Hare Padraic
Published: October 2013

This essay associates the deep abiding influence of Rabbi Heschel on Christians with his unique expression of an incarnational religious imagination, appealing to all Christians with a “Catholic heart.” In this view, the opposing worldview to dualism, life is experienced sacramentally, God is experienced immanently and religious symbols are experienced as deeply efficacious. The essay focuses especially on the incarnational trait of associating mystical experience and contemplative prayer with prophetic action and reveals how this link is nurtured and cultivated by Heschel and by his friend, Thomas Merton.
C.T.R. Hayward. Interpretations of the Name Israel in Ancient Judaism and Some Early Christian Writings: From Victorious Athlete to Heavenly Champion
Authors: Tyson Joseph B.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Christian Wiese. Challenging Colonial Discourse: Jewish Studies and Protestant Theology in Wilhelmine Germany
Authors: Edwards Laurence
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Elliott Horowitz. Reckless Rites: Purim and the Legacy of Jewish Violence
Authors: Kessler Edward
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Response to: Jewish-Christian Dialogue about Covenant
Authors: Bellinger William
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Editors' Introduction
Authors: Langer Ruth , Merkle John C.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
New Understandings of Paul and His Jewish Heritage: A Select Bibliography
Authors: Bolton David , Nathan Emmanuel
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
The Controversy Surrounding the 2008 Good Friday Prayer in Europe: The Discussion and its Theological Implications
Authors: Henrix Hans Hermann
Published: October 2013

The Good Friday prayer “for the Jews” that was promulgated on February 4, 2008 triggered significant controversy. This article reviews how this controversy expressed itself in European countries in various ways and with differing intensity. It was eventually resolved at the level of political dialogue. Cardinal Kasper’s important commentary on the prayer, publicly approved by Secretary of State Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone, calmed the public discussion. But this did not resolve the theological questions raised by the prayer, the focus of the second half of the article. When in today’s Church, the words of prayers that are in accord with Scripture call to mind negative experiences in the Christian-Jewish history, can they be used as the Church’s prayer? Can the two Good Friday prayers for the Jews co-exist, that of the 1970 missal and that of 2008? The fundamental theological problem raised by the two different prayers is not the issue of mission, but rather the question of salvation. How does one resolve the tension between the fact that God’s covenant with the Jewish people has not been revoked and the universal salvific significance of Jesus Christ? Is it possible to create a Christian-Jewish bridge by referring to Jesus Christ? These questions remain unresolved, but theologians are now addressing them.
Miriam Bodian. Dying in the Law of Moses: Crypto-Jewish Martyrdom in the Iberian World
Authors: McMichael Steven J.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Melody D. Knowles, Esther Menn, John Pawlikowski, and Timothy J. Sandoval, eds. Contesting Texts: Jews and Christians in Conversation about the Bible
Authors: Boys Mary C.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Roger E. Van Harn, ed. The Ten Commandments for Jews, Christians, and Others
Authors: Sonsino Rifat
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Kevin P. Spicer, ed. Antisemitism, Christian Ambivalence and the Holocaust
Authors: Peck Abraham J.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Editors' Introduction
Authors: Langer Ruth , Spicer Kevin P
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
‘Lifting the Veil’: The Challenges Posed by 2 Corinthians 3
Authors: Stegman, S.J. Thomas D
Published: October 2013

Second Corinthians 3 is a challenging text for Jewish-Christian relations. On the one hand, Paul sets forth there materials cherished by Christians, such as a beautiful description of the effect of the outpouring of God’s Spirit. On the other hand, he offers several derogatory remarks about the Mosaic covenant and his Jewish contemporaries who did not accept the gospel. This article argues that 2 Corinthians 3 is largely the product of Paul’s defensiveness. While it sets forth his positive teachings, the article also flags problematic materials. It concludes with remarks about how to appropriate this text today.
Mysticism, Experience, and Pedagogy in Jewish-Christian Dialogue
Authors: Ettin Andrew V , Wiethaus Ulrike
Published: October 2013

The essay presents a dialogic, co-authored reflection on the uses of Jewish and Christian mystical texts in exploring post-Shoah possibilities for Jewish-Christian encounter and dialogue, specifically in the context of the college classroom.The authors explore Buber’s thesis that the heart of each religion is to be found in its mystical dimension, and address the lack of scholarly attention to mystical experience as a dialogic medium of communication and as a means to heal historic trauma.
Christ in the Works of Two Jewish Artists: When Art is Interreligious Dialogue
Authors: Hayman Marina S.
Published: October 2013

Painter Marc Chagall and sculptor Jacob Epstein, both of whom were from orthodox Jewish backgrounds, each created a number of works of Christ. Although in Epstein's case, and only later in his career, some of these works were commissioned, both Chagall's and Epstein's works of Christ were self-driven. Chagall described himself as having been "haunted" by the face of Christ in his early years and his several crucifixion paintings were of a Jesus who was not the Christ of Christian dogma, but a "Jewish Jesus" who summed up the suffering of the Jewish people. Epstein similarly created a Christ that was beyond the conventions of the time, through his predilection for using primitive forms in his work. During his life-time, many of Epstein's Christs were met with resistance, but the more visionary critics understood the importance of his work in freeing the image of Christ from the matrix of convention and opening new possibilities of theological perception and understanding.
The work of both Chagall and Epstein, who were contemporaries, is examined in relation to Jewish modernism, a movement ongoing in their formative years and before, in which Jewish intellectuals, writers and artists were engaged in efforts to work-out the relationship of Judaism to Jesus and the surrounding Christian world. The atrocities of the Holocaust effectively ended this dialogue. The potential contributions of the thought and creative works of this pre-World War II interreligious interchange to contemporary Jewish-Christian dialogue are discussed.
Reinhold Niebuhr's Approach to the State of Israel: The Ethical Promise and Theological Limits of Christian Realism
Authors: Moseley Carys
Published: October 2013

Reinhold Niebuhr’s support for the foundation of the state of Israel is argued to be an expression of his Christian realism, and as such is based on his ethics but not his theology. The first section assesses Niebuhr’s support for Jewish return to the Land of Israel in relation to modern protestant and Jewish support for relocation of the Promised Land back from America to British Mandate Palestine. The second section demonstrates that Niebuhr’s support for Zionism grew out of his threefold moral, political and theological realism. This meant taking into account Israel’s relation to the United States, and increasingly evidenced a national supersessionist outlook. The third section argues that this shift was undertaken via the role of the temporarily messianic nation, whereby the USA replaced Israel as a nation with a mission. In the fourth section, it is argued that the natural theology that underlies Niebuhr's ethics constitutes a 'Hebraic' turn which is ironic given that he does not ground his Zionism in the covenant with Abraham. The last section argues that Niebuhr’s support for Israel’s foundation needs to be understood within his reconstruction of natural law, along with his critique of the fusion of nationalism and religion in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. As Niebuhr’s approach to Israel was based on ethics not dogmatic theology and exegesis, and as it became part of a notion of America as messianic, it failed to be passed on adequately to the mainline protestant churches.
Official Ecclesial Documents to Implement the Second Vatican Council on Relations with Jews: Study Them, Become Immersed in Them, and Put Them into Practice
Authors: Cunningham Philip A.
Published: October 2013

In the wake of recent tensions in Catholic Jewish relations in the United States, this article examines the implementation of the Second Vatican Council's decision "to evaluate and define in a new way the relationship between the Church and the faith of Israel," as Pope Benedict XVI has described it. Official documents of the Vatican Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews and a body of papal teachings put forth by Pope John Paul have authoritatively delineated the direction according to which the Council is to be interpreted and put into practice. This trajectory of implementation has begun to articulate what could be called a "theology of shalom" concerning the Catholic Church's relationship to Judaism and the Jewish people, which includes a respect for Judaism's continuing covenantal life with God and a commitment to interreligious dialogue for the purpose of mutual understanding. However, this post-conciliar trajectory is challenged by Catholics who fear that the universal salvific mediation of Christ is being threatened. Advancing theological concepts that express a sort of "neo-supersessionist" devaluation of Judaism, these critiques necessarily disregard relevant papal and Vatican teaching. The article ends with an examination of the magisterial weight of the conciliar and post-conciliar implementing documents, concluding that their clear direction must be followed. As John Paul II declared, "It is only a question of studying them carefully, of immersing oneself in their teachings and of putting them into practice."
Michael S. Kogan. Opening the Covenant: A Jewish Theology of Christianity
Authors: Sherman Franklin
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Seth Schwartz. Were the Jews a Mediterranean Society? Reciprocity and Solidarity in Ancient Judaism
Authors: Cook Michael J.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Alan L. Berger and David Patterson, with David P. Gushee, John T. Pawlikowski, and John K. Roth. Jewish-Christian Dialogue: Drawing Honey from the Rock
Authors: Boys Mary C.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Susannah Heschel. The Aryan Jesus: Christian Theologians and the Bible in Nazi Germany
Authors: Sherman Franklin
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Adiel Schremer. Brothers Estranged: Heresy, Christianity, and Jewish Identity in Late Antiquity
Authors: Langer Ruth
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Mark 11:16: A Status Quaestionis
Authors: Dennert Brian C.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Doing Theology in the Context of the Gift and the Promise of Nostra Aetate
Authors: Tilley Terrence W.
Published: October 2013

This article addresses three problems and suggests ways to address these problems. First, Christian theology has often been supersessionist, especially in Christology and Mariology. Claims about Jesus and Mary being exceptional (in different ways) often involve forms of supersessionism. I report on two theological works that attempt to be orthodoxly Catholic and to avoid supersessionism. Second, I address the conflict between affirming the irrevocable covenant God made with Israel and the universality of salvation God wrought in Jesus. I argue herein that the key problem is logical, not theological. Hence, we should not seek to resolve this problem theoretically, but to dissolve it logically in a manner analogous to the way philosophers of religion have dissolved the logical problem of evil. Third, some have suggested that a commitment to true interreligious dialogue should weaken our commitment to our own tradition. I disagree and show that interreligious dialogue can, in practice, strengthen, not weaken, our commitments to our home tradition.
Leonard A. Schoolman. The Changing Christian World: A Brief Introduction for Jews
Authors: Fisher Eugene J.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
A Jewish Construction of a Catholic Hero: David Levi's "A Pio IX"
Authors: Grazi Alessandro
Published: October 2013

Along with liberals and patriots, many Italian Jews rejoiced on June 16, 1846, when Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti was elected Pope Pius IX. They expected the new Pope to reform the Papal State and to favor Italy’s unification, the goal of the Risorgimento national movement. Italian Jews suffered from a lack of civil rights, to different degrees within each Italian State. Therefore, they saw the Risorgimento as an opportunity to overthrow the regimes ruling on the different Italian regions and consequently as a way to achieve full civil emancipation. Italian Jewish intellectuals built a rich narrative on their support for Risorgimento. Part of this narrative is the poem “A Pio IX” (To Pius IX), composed by the Jewish writer David Levi (1816–1898) in 1846 to honor Pio Nono. This paper presents an analysis of Levi’s poem on a number of levels: historically, it provides further literary evidence of the Jews’ desire to praise Pope Pius IX and of their support for Risorgimento; concerning its content, it investigates Levi’s striking use, along with the more secular symbolism of the Enlightenment, of Catholic and Christological symbolism.
Covenantal Possibilities in a Post-Polemical Age: A Jewish View
Authors: Korn Eugene
Published: October 2013

Christian theology has always laid claim to the biblical covenant between God with the Jewish people. Judaism has always rejected this claim. With many Christian theologians now rejecting hard supersessionism and accepting the continuing role of the Jewish people in God's covenant, can Jewish theology see a role for Christians in the biblical covenant, and if so, how?
Robert Putnam and David Campbell. American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us
Authors: Baird Justus Nathan
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Amy-Jill Levine and Marc Zvi Brettler, Eds. The Jewish Annotated New Testament
Authors: Donaldson Terence L.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Reimund Bieringer and Didier Pollefeyt, Eds. Paul and Judaism: Crosscurrents in Pauline Exegesis and the Study of Jewish-Christian Relations
Authors: Stegman, S.J. Thomas D.
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Elisheva Carlebach and Jacob J. Schachter, Eds. New Perspectives on Jewish-Christian Relations: In Honor of David Berger
Authors: Langer Ruth
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Peter Schafer. The Jewish Jesus: How Judaism and Christianity Shaped Each Other
Authors: Nussberger Mark
Published: October 2013

No abstract is available.
Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Vaid Yoginder N. , Dunnavant F. Daniel , Royal Stuart A. , Beukelman Timothy , Stoll Matthew L. , Cron Randy Q.
Published: October 2013

Objective

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is extremely common but frequently asymptomatic. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast remains the gold standard for identifying TMJ arthritis in JIA. A reliable scoring system with published MRI examples of typical acute and chronic TMJ arthritis changes will be invaluable for future prospective treatment trials of TMJ arthritis in JIA.

Methods

MRIs were collected from routine clinical studies assessing TMJ arthritis in JIA. Representative images were selected for publication to depict acute (synovial fluid, bone marrow edema, and synovial enhancement) and chronic (pannus, disc derangement, and condylar head flattening and erosions) TMJ arthritis findings. A preliminary MRI‐based scoring system for assessing degrees of acute and chronic TMJ arthritis was developed and tested for inter‐ and intrareader reliability.

Results

TMJ MRIs representative of acute and chronic TMJ arthritis in JIA were selected from among thousands taken (>500 TMJ MRI studies annually at Children's of Alabama) since September 2007. Moreover, computed tomography scans depicting select bony changes (osteophyte formation, micrognathia) were chosen for publication. A description of the MRI protocol for assessing TMJ arthritis is included. A preliminary scoring system weighted for degree of acute and chronic TMJ arthritis MRI findings was found to have substantial inter‐ and intrareader reliability.

Conclusion

A published set of MRIs depicting representative acute and chronic changes will help establish a standardized scoring system to assess TMJ arthritis in children with JIA. Future validation will aid in assessing improvement during treatment trials of TMJ arthritis.
Nitridation and Layered Assembly of Hollow TiO2 Shells for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Moon Geon Dae , Joo Ji Bong , Dahl Michael , Jung Heejung , Yin Yadong
Published: October 2013

The nitridation of hollow TiO2 nanoshells and their layered assembly into electrodes for electrochemical energy storage are reported. The nitridated hollow shells are prepared by annealing TiO2 shells, produced initially using a sol–gel process, under an NH3 environment at different temperatures ranging from 700 to 900 °C, then assembled to form a robust monolayer film on a water surface through a quick and simple assembly process without any surface modification to the samples. This approach facilitates supercapacitor cell design by simplifying the electrochemical electrode structure by removing the need to use any organic binder or carbon‐based conducting materials. The areal capacitance of the as‐prepared electrode is observed to be ≈180 times greater than that of a bare TiO2 electrode, mainly due to the enhanced electrical conductivity of the TiN phase produced through the nitridation process. Furthermore, the electrochemical capacitance can be enhanced linearly by constructing an electrode with multilayered shell films through a repeated transfer process (0.8 to 7.1 mF cm–2, from one monolayer to 9 layers). Additionally, the high electrical conductivity of the shell film makes it an excellent scaffold for supporting other psuedocapacitive materials (e.g., MnO2), producing composite electrodes with a specific capacitance of 743.9 F g–1 at a scan rate of 10 mV s–1 (based on the mass of MnO2) and a good cyclic stability up to 1000 cycles.
Photovoltaic Effect at the Schottky Interface with Organic Single Crystal Rubrene
Authors: Karak Supravat , Lim Jung Ah , Ferdous Sunzida , Duzhko Volodimyr V. , Briseno Alejandro L.
Published: October 2013

Rubrene single crystals can serve as a model material platform for studying the intrinsic photophysical processes in organic semiconductors and advance our understanding of material functionality in organic photovoltaic applications. The high degrees of structural order and material purity of organic single crystals enable a level of study that is unattainable in materials of current practical importance. Here, the photovoltaic effect at the Schottky interface of rubrene single crystal–aluminum electrode is demonstrated in a lateral ITO–rubrene–Al device geometry. The mechanism of the effect formation is explained based on the reconstructed energy band diagram of the ITO–rubrene–Al heterostructure. In particular, the open circuit voltage (VOC) of the devices shows a strong dependency on the interfacial band bending and corresponding built‐in potential at the rubrene–Al Schottky interface. Initially, the photovoltage is found to be equal to the built‐in potential at the Schottky interface defined by the work function difference between the bulk of rubrene and the Al electrode, that is, following the Schottky–Mott model. A good agreement is found between the systematically varied built‐in potential and the resulting photovoltage magnitude upon insertion of an ultrathin LiF interlayer between the rubrene and Al electrode.
DABCO‐Promoted Unexpected Regioselective Ring Opening and Stereoselective Addition Reactions of Sulfonylaziridines with Cyanoacetylenes: Access to Functionalized Enenitriles
Authors: Meng Ling‐Guo , Wang Lei
Published: October 2013

A highly regioselective ring opening and stereoselective addition reaction of sulfonylaziridines with cyanoacetylenes promoted by 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) was investigated. A variety of functionalized (Z)‐enenitriles could be obtained in good yields through regioselective cleavage of carbon‐nitrogen bonds in sulfonylaziridines.

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Solvent‐Polarity‐Induced Active Layer Morphology Control in Crystalline Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Low Band Gap Polymer Photovoltaics
Authors: Ferdous Sunzida , Liu Feng , Wang Dong , Russell Thomas P.
Published: October 2013

Solvent effects on the morphology of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐based low band gap polymer (PDPPBT):phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) blends are studied systematically using a mixture of a non‐aromatic polar primary solvent with high boiling point (b.p.) secondary solvents of increasing polarities. An unfavorable solvent‐PC71BM interaction, due to a polarity mismatch, leads to significantly different morphology, also affecting the growth process of polymer crystallites. Non‐aromatic polar solvent produces large PC71BM aggregates that increase in size with the addition of non‐polar secondary solvents. The size scales of the aggregates decrease markedly when polar solvents are instead used as the secondary solvents. This processing method fundamentally changes the behavior of phase separation, creating a percolated fibrillar type network structure. Moreover, polar secondary solvents with lower vapor pressures reduce the interfibrillar distances that enhance the device performance even more. Power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 0.03% to 5% are obtained, depending on the solvent system used.
Organic Acid Catalysts in Reactions of Lactones with Silicon Enolates
Authors: Yanai Hikaru , Ishii Nobuyuki , Matsumoto Takashi , Taguchi Takeo
Published: October 2013

By choosing the organic acid catalysts, the reaction of lactones with ketene silyl acetals results in selective formation of simple Mukaiyama aldol adducts or olefination products, which are formed by the subsequent elimination of a silanol from the adducts. That is, in the presence of acidic zwitterions, the reaction of lactones with ketene silyl acetals gives simple Mukaiyama aldol adducts in excellent yields. In contrast, the same reaction in the presence of a carbon acid catalyst brings about the formation of olefination products in a Z‐selective manner.
New evidence for self‐medication in bonobos: Manniophyton fulvum leaf‐ and stemstrip‐swallowing from LuiKotale, Salonga National Park, DR Congo
Authors: Fruth Barbara , Ikombe Nono Bondjengo , Matshimba Gaby Kitengie , Metzger Sonja , Muganza Désiré Musuyu , Mundry Roger , Fowler Andrew
Published: October 2013

The swallowing of entire leaves by apes across Africa without chewing has been observed for over 40 plant species. Here we add evidence for (a) a new site, LuiKotale where leaf‐swallowing of Manniophyton fulvum (Euphorbiaceae) is observed in bonobos, (b) a so far unreported ingestion of unchewed stemstrips of M. fulvum, we name stemstrip‐swallowing; and (c) a test of some of the requirements put forward by Huffman for the assessment of plants ingested for medical purpose. As ecological correlates we analyzed M. fulvum phenological data and examined 1,094 dung piles collected between 2002 and 2009. By that we assessed availability and choice of leaves. In addition, we provide the first full description of the behavior related to this plant species' use by chimpanzees or bonobos using 56 bouts of M. fulvum ingestion observed between October 2007 and February 2010. With these data we tested and met 4 of the 6 requirements given by Huffman, supporting ingestion of this species as self‐medication. Despite species' year‐round availability and abundance, M. fulvum was ingested only at specific times, in very small amounts, and by a small proportion of individuals per party. In the absence of our own parasitological data, we used M. fulvum swallowing as evidence for parasite infestation, and seasonality as a proxy for stressors underlying seasonal fluctuation and impacting immune responses. Using these indirect factors available, we investigated conditions for a parasite to develop to its infective stage as well as conditions for the host to cope with infections. Both rain and temperature were good predictors for M. fulvum ingestion. We discuss the use of M. fulvum with respect to its hispidity and subsequent purging properties and provide insight into its ethnomedicinal uses by humans, stimulating speculations about potentially additional pharmacological effects. Am. J. Primatol. 76:146–158, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stable isotope ratio analysis of breastfeeding and weaning practices of children from medieval Fishergate House York, UK
Authors: Burt Nicole M.
Published: October 2013

Rib collagen of 51 juveniles and 11 adult females from the late medieval Fishergate House cemetery site (York, UK) were analyzed using nitrogen and carbon stable isotope ratio analysis to determine the weaning age for this population and to reconstruct diet. The juveniles' ages ranged from fetal to 5–6 years, while the females were of reproductive age. Previous researchers suggested that the children from Fishergate House might have been weaned later than the medieval British norm of 2 years, based on a mortality peak at 4–6 years of age. The results show weaning was complete by 2 years of age, agreeing with previous British weaning studies. The adult female δ15N values have a mean of 11.4‰ ± 1.1‰ and the δ13C values have a mean of −19.4‰ ± 0.4‰. These findings are consistent with previous isotopic studies of female diet in York during this period, though slightly lower. The weaned juvenile nitrogen values were found to be higher than the adult females (12.4‰ ± 1.0‰ for δ15N and −19.7‰ ± 0.5‰ for δ13C), which might indicate a dependence on higher trophic level proteins such as marine fish or pork. Marine fish is considered a high status food and children are considered low‐status individuals at this time, making this a particularly interesting finding. Weaning does not appear to coincide with peak mortality, suggesting environment factors may be playing a larger role in child mortality at Fishergate House. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:407–416, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantum Dot Systems: a versatile platform for quantum simulations
Authors: Barthelemy Pierre , Vandersypen Lieven M. K.
Published: October 2013

Quantum mechanics often results in extremely complex phenomena, especially when the quantum system under consideration is composed of many interacting particles. The states of these many‐body systems live in a space so large that classical numerical calculations cannot compute them. Quantum simulations can be used to overcome this problem: complex quantum problems can be solved by studying experimentally an artificial quantum system operated to simulate the desired hamiltonian.

Quantum dot systems have shown to be widely tunable quantum systems, that can be efficiently controlled electrically. This tunability and the versatility of their design makes them very promising quantum simulators. This paper reviews the progress towards digital quantum simulations with individually controlled quantum dots, as well as the analog quantum simulations that have been performed with these systems. The possibility to use large arrays of quantum dots to simulate the low‐temperature Hubbard model is also discussed. The main issues along that path are presented and new ideas to overcome them are proposed.
Psymberin – biologische Eigenschaften und Ansätze zu Total‐ und Analogasynthesen
Authors: Bielitza Max , Pietruszka Jörg
Published: October 2013

Der marine Naturstoff Psymberin hat seit seiner Isolation großes Interesse hervorgerufen. Obwohl die hohe Zytotoxizität des Schwammextrakts früh bekannt war, brauchte es mehr als ein Jahrzehnt und weitere 600 Extraktfraktionen, bis seine chemische Struktur aufgeklärt werden konnte. In den letzten acht Jahren folgten diverse synthetische und biologische Untersuchungen sowie Studien der Struktur‐Aktivitäts‐Beziehungen, welche zu einem tieferen Verständnis und zu noch potenteren potentiellen Antitumormitteln führten. Dieser Aufsatz fasst die gesamte Entwicklung der Studien zum marinen Polyketid Psymberin zusammen und verweist auf den Einfluss der organischen Synthese auf benachbarte wissenschaftliche Disziplinen.
Kationische, zweifach koordinierte Gold‐π‐Komplexe
Authors: Brooner Rachel E. M. , Widenhoefer Ross A.
Published: October 2013

Kationische zweifach koordinierte Gold‐π‐Komplexe, die einen Phosphan‐ oder N‐heterocyclischen Hilfsliganden enthalten, fanden kürzlich große Beachtung angesichts der möglichen Bedeutung dieser Spezies als Intermediate in der goldkatalysierten Funktionalisierung von C‐C‐Mehrfachbindungen. Obwohl neutrale zweifach koordinierte Gold‐π‐Komplexe seit mehr als 40 Jahren bekannt sind, war bis 2006 kein katalytisch bedeutsames Beispiel kationischer zweifach koordinierter Gold(I)‐π‐Komplexe bekannt. Diese Situation änderte sich in den letzten Jahren dramatisch, und inzwischen sind zahlreiche wohldefinierte Gold‐Komplexe mit zweifach koordinierten, kationischen Alken‐, Alkin‐, Dien‐, Allen‐ und Enoletherliganden beschrieben. Dieser Kurzaufsatz fasst diese neuesten Arbeiten zusammen, mit einem Hauptaugenmerk auf der Struktur, den Bindungsverhältnissen und dem Ligandenaustauschverhalten der Komplexe.
Extracting kinetic parameters of aniline polymerization from thermal data of a batch reactor. simulation of the thermal behavior of a reactor
Authors: Cavallo Pablo Cesar , Muñoz Diego Jose , Miras Maria Cristina , Barbero Cesar , Acevedo Diego Fernando
Published: October 2013

A simulation model of the thermal behavior of a reactor during aniline polymerization is proposed. The model takes into account the polymerization mechanism together with heat production and dissipation. The temperature–time profiles can be simulated with different kinetic parameters. The model is used for two purposes: to extract kinetic parameters by fitting experimental temperature–time profiles of a cooled agitated batch reactor; and to estimate the temperatures changes occurring in a reactor under different experimental conditions to find the best conditions for industrial production of polyaniline. The rate equation used includes two rate constants: one in the absence of polymer (k1) and another in the presence of polymer (k2). The thermal factors, such as the heat transfer coefficient and the reaction enthalpy, are experimentally measured. A computer program is written that fits the experimental data using different kinetic parameters. The data analysis shows a temperature peak (Tmax) whose magnitude decreases when k2 decreases, whereas it is not affected by k1. The time to reach the Tmax is inversely proportional to k1 and k2. The model allows obtaining the kinetic parameters in different reaction media, e.g. varying the concentration of acid. The model is used to simulate the thermal behavior, to polymerize 1M of aniline: in one step the temperature of the reactor will increase till 82ºC, such thermal runaway will cause polymer degradation, successive additions of portions of the total oxidant amount, paced at defined time intervals, is devised to maintain low temperatures while producing the same amount of polymer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39409.
Antiscaling properties of novel maleic‐anhydride copolymers prepared via iron (II) – chloride mediated ATRP
Authors: Al‐Roomi Yousef M. , Hussain Kaneez F.
Published: October 2013

A class of maleic anhydride copolymers (YMR‐A series) with a narrow molecular weight distribution between 500–1500 and a polydispersity of 1.0–1.11 was obtained from n‐alkylacrylamide and maleic anhydride monomers via atom transfer radical polymerization. The monomer conversion reached about 71% corresponding to 1:4 [FeCl2] to [SA] molar ratios for (AAH/MA) copolymer initiated by CPN whereas for the polymerization initiated by MCPN the conversion reached 51.9% under similar condition showing better performance of CPN initiator. Resultant polymers were characterized by means of 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR. The inhibition behavior of these YMR‐A polymers against CaCO3 and CaSO4 was evaluated using static scale inhibition method. The inhibition efficiency on the calcium carbonate scale is much higher and even with 5 ppm dosage level the efficiency is around 99.33 % at pH 10.45 and temperature 70°C, where as for calcium sulfate scales the inhibition efficiency, is lower and 99.9% inhibition is observed at 7–9 ppm level. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39827.
Flammability and thermal properties of epoxy/glass/MWNT Composites
Authors: Hesami Mahdis , Bagheri Rouhollah , Masoomi Mahmood
Published: October 2013

The aim f this work is to study the effect of nanotubes on flammability properties of epoxy/glass composites. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and its functionalized derivative (amino functionalized nanotubes) were incorporated into epoxy resin. To disperse MWNTs in the epoxy resin, different ways were employed. Microscopic observations showed that, the best dispersion state was gained by using ultrasonication method and high shear flow simultaneously. Thermal resistance of cured epoxy resins containing various amounts of nanotubes (0.25–0.7 wt %), was investigated by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Introducing MWNTs and amino‐MWNTs to samples increased the initial thermal decomposition temperature for about 32 and 37°C, respectively. LOI measurements of composite samples showed an increase up to 32. Cone calorimetry test was carried out on epoxy/glass and epoxy/glass containing 0.5% MWNT. The results showed that, introducing 0.5% MWNTs decreases maximum average rate of heat emission for about 26%. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39849.
Main‐chain smectic liquid crystalline polymer exhibiting unusually high thermal conductivity in an isotropic composite
Authors: Yoshihara Shusuke , Tokita Masatoshi , Ezaki Toshiaki , Nakamura Mitsuru , Sakaguchi Masashi , Matsumoto Kazuaki , Watanabe Junji
Published: October 2013

The thermal conductivity (TC) of an isotropic composite comprising of a main‐chain smectic liquid crystalline PB‐10 polyester and 50‐μm‐sized roughly spherical magnesium oxide (MgO) particles is investigated. The increase in the composite TC with higher MgO fractions is steeper than that expected by Bruggeman's theory for the TC of a polydomain PB‐10 polyester (0.52 W m−1 K−1). When the filler content is larger than 30 vol %, the composite TC approaches a value that can be explained only if the polyester functions as a matrix with 1.0 W m−1 K−1, which is five times as high as those of isotropic common polymers (0.2 W m−1 K−1). Such an unusually high TC for a polymer matrix is attributed to some polymer lamellae that lie parallel to the particle surface and are stacked toward neighboring particles, thus creating effective heat paths between the particles and a continuous thermal network in a composite. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 39896.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(ester carbonate)s by melt‐phase interchange reactions of dihydroxy compounds with alkylene and arylene diphenyl dicarbonates containing ester groups
Authors: Sweileh Bassam A. , Al‐Qalawi Hussam R. , Mohammad Hani A.
Published: October 2013

A new method of synthesis of poly(ester carbonate)s, based on the reaction of dihydroxy compounds with diphenyl dicarbonates containing ester groups was presented. The monomers utilized were diphenyl dicarbonates of cis/trans‐1,4‐cyclohexane dicarboxylate and of terephthalate units with butanediol or bisphenol A. The process consisted of a precondensation step under a stream of dry argon at atmospheric pressure with the elimination of phenol, followed by a melt polycondensation step at 225 or 250°C under vacuum. The prepared polymers consisted of linear chains containing partial random sequence distribution of monomer residues in the backbone. The inherent viscosities of polymers were from 0.23 to 0.48 dL/g and their Tg values were in the range −9 to 134°C. This method may open door to novel polycarbonates containing other organic functional groups. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 39904.