bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How can risk of COVID-19 transmission be minimised in domiciliary care for older people: development, parameterisation and initial results of a simple mathematical model
Authors: Kiss István Z. , Blyuss Konstantin B. , Kyrychko Yuliya N. , Middleton Jo , Roland Daniel , Bertini Lavinia , Bogen-Johnston Leanne , Wood Wendy , Sharp Rebecca , Forder Julien , Cassell Jackie A.
Published: December 2021

This paper proposes and analyses a stochastic model for the spread of an infectious disease transmitted between clients and care workers in the UK domiciliary (home) care setting. Interactions between clients and care workers are modelled using specially generated networks, with network parameters reflecting realistic patterns of care needs and visit allocation. These networks are then used to simulate a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered/dead (SEIR/D)-type epidemic dynamics with different numbers of infectious and recovery stages. The results indicate that with the same overall capacity provided by care workers, the minimum peak proportion of infection and the smallest overall size of infection are achieved for the highest proportion of overlap between visit allocation, i.e. when care workers have the highest chances of being allocated a visit to the same client they have visited before. An intuitive explanation of this is that while providing the required care coverage, maximising overlap in visit allocation reduces the possibility of an infectious care worker inadvertently spreading the infection to other clients. The model is generic and can be adapted to any directly transmitted infectious disease, such as, more recently, corona virus disease 2019, provided accurate estimates of disease parameters can be obtained from real data.
Seed recovery and germination rate after gut passage by Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus)
Authors: Lee Seung-Kyung , Shin Woo-Jin , Ahn Sangjin , Kim Youngeun , Kim Jong-Taek , Lee Eun Ju
Published: December 2021

Large herbivores can disperse seeds over long distances through endozoochory. The Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus), an internationally vulnerable species but locally considered a vermin, is a potential endozoochorous seed dispersal vector. In this study, feeding experiments were conducted to test the efficiency of seed dispersal through gut ingestion by the Korean water deer, its temporal pattern and the effect of gut passage on seed recovery and germination rate. Eight plant species, including species that formerly germinated from its faeces, were used to feed three Korean water deer. Once the deer had consumed all the provided seeds, their faeces were collected after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The collected faeces were air-dried, and the number of seeds retrieved from the faeces was counted every 24 h (0–24, 24–48, 48–72 and 72–96 h). Among the eight plant species, six species were retrieved with intact seeds.Panicum bisulcatumhad the highest recovery rate of 33.7%, followed byAmaranthus mangostanus(24.5%) andChenopodium album(14.4%). Most of the seeds were recovered within the 24–48 h time interval. Germination tests were conducted on the ingested and uningested seeds for the four species which had a sufficient recovery rate. The effects of gut passage on seed germination differed according to plant species. The germination rate substantially decreased after gut passage. The results suggest that the Korean water deer can disperse seeds, potentially over long distances albeit at a high cost of low seed recovery and germination rate.
Time trends and social inequalities in child malnutrition: nationwide estimates from Brazil’s food and nutrition surveillance system, 2009–2017
Authors: Ribeiro-Silva Rita de Cássia , Silva Natanael de Jesus , Felisbino-Mendes Mariana Santos , Falcão Ila Rocha , de Andrade Rafaella da Costa Santin , Silva Sara Araújo , Nilson Eduardo Augusto Fernandes , Spaniol Ana Maria , Fiaccone Rosemeire Leovigildo , Paixão Enny , Ichihara Maria Yury Travassos , Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo , Barreto Maurício Lima
Published: December 2021

Objective:

In Brazil, national estimates of childhood malnutrition have not been updated since 2006. The use of health information systems is an important complementary data source for analysing time trends on health and nutrition. This study aimed to examine temporal trends and socio-demographic inequalities in the prevalence of malnutrition in children attending primary health care services between 2009 and 2017.

Design:

Time trends study based on data from Brazil’s Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. Malnutrition prevalence (stunting, wasting, overweight and double burden) was annually estimated by socio-demographic variables. Prais–Winsten regression models were used to analyse time trends. Annual percent change (APC) and 95 % CI were calculated.

Setting:

Primary health care services, Brazil.

Participants:

Children under 5 years old.

Results:

In total, 15,239,753 children were included. An increase in the prevalence of overweight (APC = 3·4 %;P= 0·015) and a decline in the prevalence of wasting (–6·2 %;P= 0·002) were observed. The prevalence of stunting (–3·2 %,P= 0·359) and double burden (–1·4 %,P= 0·630) had discrete and non-significant reductions. Despite the significant reduction in the prevalence of undernutrition among children in the most vulnerable subgroups (black, conditional cash transfer’s recipients and residents of poorest and less developed areas), high prevalence of stunting and wasting persist alongside a disproportionate increase in the prevalence of overweight in these groups.

Conclusions:

The observed pattern in stunting (high and persistent prevalence) and increase in overweight elucidate setbacks in advances already observed in previous periods and stresses the need for social and political strategies to address multiple forms of malnutrition.
Community-based management of acute malnutrition for infants under 6 months of age is safe and effective: analysis of operational data
Authors: Woeltje Maeve M , Evanoff Anastasia B , Helmink Beth A , Culbertson Diana L , Maleta Kenneth M , Manary Mark J , Trehan Indi
Published: December 2021

Objective:

To assess the effectiveness of outpatient management with ready-to-use and supplementary foods for infants under 6 months (u6m) of age who were unable to be treated as inpatients due to social and economic barriers.

Design:

Review of operational acute malnutrition treatment records.

Setting:

Twenty-one outpatient therapeutic feeding clinics in rural Malawi.

Participants:

Infants u6m with acute malnutrition treated as outpatients because of barriers to inpatient treatment. The comparison group consisted of acutely malnourished children 6–9 months of age who were being treated at the same time in the same location in the context of two different randomised clinical trials.

Results:

A total of 323 infants u6m were treated for acute malnutrition (130 severe and 193 moderate). A total of 357 infants 6–9 months old with acute malnutrition (seventy-four severe and 283 moderate) were included as contemporaneous controls. Among infants u6m with severe acute malnutrition, 98 (75·4 %) achieved nutritional recovery; in comparison, 56 (75·7 %) of those with severe acute malnutrition 6–9 months old recovered. Among infants u6m with moderate acute malnutrition, 157 (81·3 %) recovered; in comparison, 241 (85·2 %) of those aged 6–9 months recovered.

Conclusions:

In a rural Malawian population of infants u6m who had generally already stopped exclusive breast-feeding and were now acutely malnourished, treatment with therapeutic or supplementary foods under the community management of acute malnutrition model was safe and effective. In settings where social and financial factors make hospital admission challenging, consideration should be given to lowering the recommended age of ready-to-use therapeutic and supplementary foods to infants u6m.
Mental Stress and Strain Assessment in Digital Work
Authors: Hagemann Vera , Meinecke Jonathan , Schaper Martina , Debbing Christina , Ruiner Caroline , Klumpp Matthias , Hesenius Marc
Published: December 2021

Abstract. When digitalizing work, organizations face the challenge of analyzing, evaluating, and mitigating a potential increase in mental workload for employees and managers. This paper presents an instrument to assess mental stress and strain in digital work contexts and the related development process and validation. Based on a literature and instrument review and an interview study, we developed an assessment instrument and validated it in two coordinated studies ( N = 245, N = 279), ultimately resulting in an instrument with 139 items: 27 items addressing demographic aspects and 112 items dispersed over five categories (work task and activity, workflow and organizing, work environment, organizational climate, and personal attitude). To demonstrate the instrument’s validity, we calculated a structural equation model based on the framework of the job demands-resources model. The resulting instrument is comprehensive and can also be applied by HR nonprofessionals.
Effect of the FDA Black Box Suicidality Warnings for Antidepressants on Suicide Rates in the USA
Authors: Plöderl Martin , Hengartner Michael Pascal
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Background: Some authors claimed that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) black box warning on treatment-emergent suicidality with antidepressants in adolescents (issued 2004) and young adults (issued 2006) led to an increase of suicides, based on the analyses of ecological data with debatable assumptions about putative changes in suicide rates. Aims: To explore if putative changes in suicide rates in adolescents and young adults at the time of the FDA warnings is a detectable signal in the data or compatible with random fluctuations. Method: We applied different changepoint analyses for adolescent and young adult suicide rates from 1981 to 2019 in the USA. Results: Changepoint analysis did not support a detrimental effect of the FDA black box warnings. The downward trend of suicides reversed several years after the warning in adolescents (2007–2009) and many years before in young adults (1999–2001). Limitations: Our analyses cannot rule out detrimental effects of the FDA warnings. However, even if there was such an effect, it was likely small and indistinguishable from random fluctuations in the available suicide data. Conclusion: There is no detectable change of trend in adolescent or young adult suicide rates in line with a detrimental effect of the FDA black box warnings on treatment-emergent suicidality.
Does Peoples’ Keyboard Typing Reflect Their Stress Level?
Authors: Freihaut Paul , Göritz Anja S.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Keyboard-typing tracking offers a convenient behavioral data collection method in web-based study settings. This paper investigated the feasibility of utilizing keyboard-typing for stress measurement. We present data from two experiments: a laboratory study with N = 53 participants and an online study with N = 924 participants. In both studies, participants typed standardized text sequences during a high-stress or low-stress condition. The manipulation checks revealed consistent differences in participant’s stress levels according to experimental conditions. The analysis of 11 typing features with frequentist and machine learning methods revealed a few isolated links between stress and keyboard typing, but the results were inconsistent across both studies and the analysis methods. To foster replication, critical discussion, and new developments, we follow the open science principles of open data, source, and methodology.
Concentration‐Discharge Patterns Across the Gulf of Alaska Reveal Geomorphological and Glacierization Controls on Stream Water Solute Generation and Export
Authors: Jenckes Jordan , Ibarra Daniel E. , Munk Lee Ann
Published: December 2021

High‐latitude glacierized coastal catchments of the Gulf of Alaska (GoA) are undergoing rapid hydrologic changes in response to climate change and glacial recession. These catchments deliver important nutrients in the form of both inorganic and organic matter to the nearshore marine environment, yet are relatively understudied with respect to characterization of the sediment and solute generation processes and total yields. Using multiple linear regression informed by Bayesian Information Criterion analysis we empirically demonstrate how watershed characteristics affect suspended sediment and solute generation as represented by concentration‐discharge relationships. We find that watershed mean slope and relief control solute generation and that solute yields are influenced most by glacier coverage. We contribute a new flux and concentration‐discharge based conceptualization for understanding solute cycles across a hydroclimatic gradient of GoA watersheds that can be used to better understand future watershed responses to rapid hydrologic change.
Elevated serum S14 levels are associated with more severe liver steatosis by ultrasonography
Authors: Lin Wen-Ti , Yang Kuen-Cheh , Chen Yen-Ting , Huang Kuo-Chin , Yang Wei-Shiung
Published: December 2021

S14 has been identified as a potent stimulator of de novo hepatic lipogenesis (DNL) in rodents. However, it is unclear how S14 is regulated in humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum S14 and liver steatosis in humans with NAFLD. A total of 614 participants were recruited from community. Liver steatosis were evaluated according to the Ultrasonographic Fatty Liver Indicator (US-FLI), which is a semi-quantitative liver ultrasound score. Anthropometric and biochemical indices were collected for further analysis. The risk of liver steatosis severity was estimated by a cumulative logistic regression model. NAFLD was found in 52.2% of the participants. The subjects with NAFLD showed higher levels of waist circumference, body mass index, insulin resistance, aspartate aminotransferase, dyslipidemia, visceral fat, serum S14 and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) than those of controls. Compared with the first tertile of serum S14, the odds ratios for the risk of more severe liver steatosis were 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78–1.92) for those of the second tertile and 2.08 (95% CI: 1.28–3.39) for the third tertile (P for trend < 0.05) after adjusting for confounding factors. Higher serum S14 level was not only found in NAFLD subjects but also was positively correlated with the severity of liver steatosis. S14 may play an important role in the mechanism of DNL for NAFLD in humans.
Diagnostic value of PPARδ and miRNA-17 expression levels in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Migdalska-Sęk Monika , Modrzewska Barbara , Kordiak Jacek , Pastuszak-Lewandoska Dorota , Kiszałkiewicz Justyna M. , Bielec Filip , Antczak Adam , Brzeziańska-Lasota Ewa
Published: December 2021

The PPARδ gene codes protein that belongs to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family engaged in a variety of biological processes, including carcinogenesis. Specific biological and clinical roles of PPARδ in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not fully explained. The association of PPARα with miRNA regulators (e.g. miRNA-17) has been documented, suggesting the existence of a functional relationship of all PPARs with epigenetic regulation. The aim of the study was to determine the PPARδ and miR-17 expression profiles in NSCLC and to assess their diagnostic value in lung carcinogenesis. PPARδ and miR-17 expressions was assessed by qPCR in NSCLC tissue samples (n = 26) and corresponding macroscopically unchanged lung tissue samples adjacent to the primary lesions served as control (n = 26). PPARδ and miR-17 expression were significantly lower in NSCLC than in the control (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0178; respectively). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated the diagnostic potential in discriminating NSCLC from the control with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.914 for PPARδ and 0.692 for miR-17. Significant increase in PPARδ expression in the control for current smokers vs. former smokers (p = 0.0200) and increase in miR-17 expression in control tissue adjacent to adenocarcinoma subtype (p = 0.0422) were observed. Overexpression of miR-17 was observed at an early stage of lung carcinogenesis, which may suggest that it acts as a putative oncomiR. PPARδ and miR-17 may be markers differentiating tumour tissue from surgical margin and miR-17 may have diagnostic role in NSCLC histotypes differentiation.
Sitafloxacin reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) converting enzyme (TACE) phosphorylation and activity to inhibit TNFα release from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells
Authors: Sakamaki Ippei , Fukushi Michika , Ohashi Wakana , Tanaka Yukie , Itoh Kazuhiro , Tomihara Kei , Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Iwasaki Hiromichi
Published: December 2021

Sepsis is a systemic reaction to an infection and resulting in excessive production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. It sometimes results in septic shock. The present study aimed to identify quinolone antibiotics that can reduce tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) production and to elucidate mechanisms underlying inhibition of TNFα production. We identified quinolone antibiotics reduced TNFα production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cells. Sitafloxacin (STFX) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the quinolone class. STFX effectively suppressed TNFα production in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner and increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. The percentage of intracellular TNFα increased in LPS-stimulated cells with STFX compared with that in LPS-stimulated cells. TNFα converting enzyme (TACE) released TNFα from the cells, and STFX suppressed TACE phosphorylation and activity. To conclude, one of the mechanisms underlying inhibition of TNFα production in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells treated with STFX is the inhibition of TNFα release from cells via the suppression of TACE phosphorylation and activity. STFX may kill bacteria and suppress inflammation. Therefore, it can be effective for sepsis treatment.
Conserving evolutionarily distinct species is critical to safeguard human well-being
Authors: Molina-Venegas Rafael
Published: December 2021

Although there is growing interest in safeguarding the Tree of Life to preserve the human benefits that are directly provided by biodiversity, their evolutionary distribution remains unknown, which has hampered our understanding of the potential of phylodiversity indicators to evince them. Here, I drew on a global review of plant benefits and comprehensive phylogenetic information to breakdown their evolutionary distribution and thereby show why the commonly used Phylogenetic Diversity and Evolutionary Distinctiveness indicators can unequivocally help to preserve these natural services. Beneficial species clumped within phylogenetically overdispersed genera and closely related species often contributed very few and redundant benefits, suggesting that multiple plant lineages are required to maintain a wide variety of services. Yet, a reduced number of species stood out as multi-beneficial and evolutionarily distinct plants relative to both the entire phylogeny and the subset of beneficial species, and they collectively contributed a higher-than-expected number of records for most types of benefits. In addition to providing a clear mechanistic understanding for the recently proved success of Phylogenetic Diversity in capturing plant benefits, these findings stress the decisive role that conservation programmes aimed at protecting evolutionarily distinct taxa will play in safeguarding the beneficial potential of biodiversity for the future.
Rational design of stable heptamethine cyanines and development of a biomarker-activatable probe for detecting acute lung/kidney injuries via NIR-II fluorescence imaging
Authors: Ouyang Juan , Sun Lihe , Zeng Fang , Wu Shuizhu
Published: December 2021

Heptamethine cyanines exhibiting high photo- and chemostability have been developed. And an activatable probe was developed for H2O2 to visualize acute lung and kidney injuries via NIR-II fluorescence imaging.
Iterative step-growth synthesis and degradation of unimolecular polyviologens under mild conditions
Authors: Delawder Abigail O. , Palmquist Mark S. , Dorsainvil Jovelt M. , Colley Nathan D. , Saak Tiana M. , Gruschka Max C. , Li Xuesong , Li Lei , Zhang Yipei , Barnes Jonathan C.
Published: December 2021

An iterative step-growth synthesis up to 26 viologen subunits is established for unimolecular polyviologens on a gram scale. Facile degradation of the polyviologens under mildly basic conditions was demonstrated in solution and in hydrogel networks.
Mechanistic understanding of the increased photoactivity of TiO2 nanosheets upon tantalum doping
Authors: Sudrajat Hanggara , Hartuti Sri , Babel Sandhya
Published: December 2021

Doping of Ta5+ into TiO2 replaces Ti4+ to decrease the recombination rate and elongate the electron lifetime due to the formation of shallow electron traps from Ti3+ defects. The elongated electron lifetime increases electron population and photocatalytic activity.
A hybrid coarse-grained model for structure, solvation and assembly of lipid-like peptides
Authors: Banerjee Akash , Lu Chien Yu , Dutt Meenakshi
Published: December 2021

This hybrid coarse-grained model resolves the chemical structure of lipid-like peptides and their assembly. Atomistic resolution is reintroduced to study the relative organization of the peptides within an assembly.
Correction: Interfacial acidity on the strontium titanate surface: a scaling paradigm and the role of the hydrogen bond
Authors: Chapleski Robert C. , Chowdhury Azhad U. , Mason Kyle R. , Sacci Robert L. , Doughty Benjamin , Roy Sharani
Published: December 2021

Correction for ‘Interfacial acidity on the strontium titanate surface: a scaling paradigm and the role of the hydrogen bond’ by Robert C. Chapleski, Jr. et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2021, 23, 23478–23485, DOI: 10.1039/D1CP03587H.
Influence of different ester side groups in polymers on the vapor phase infiltration with trimethyl aluminum
Authors: Mai Lukas , Maniar Dina , Zysk Frederik , Schöbel Judith , Kühne Thomas D. , Loos Katja , Devi Anjana
Published: December 2021

The influence of different polymer side chains on the vapor phase infiltration with TMA is investigated and supported by DFT-calculations.
Synthesis and photophysical properties of rare earth complexes bearing silanediamido ligands Me2Si(NAryl)22− (Aryl = Dipp, Mes)
Authors: Mironova Olga A. , Lashchenko Daniil I. , Ryadun Aleksey A. , Sukhikh Taisiya S. , Bashirov Denis A. , Pushkarevsky Nikolay A. , Konchenko Sergey N.
Published: December 2021

Luminescence of the newly obtained silanediamides of rare earths was investigated. The triplet states of the ligands {Me2Si(NAryl)2}2− (Aryl = Dpp, Mes) were determined by the emission of Gd complexes, and the bright emission of Tb3+ was observed.
Inhibition of HDAC3 protects against kidney cold storage/transplantation injury and allograft dysfunction
Authors: Xiang Xiaohong , Dong Guie , Zhu Jiefu , Zhang Gang , Dong Zheng
Published: December 2021

Cold storage/rewarming is an inevitable process for kidney transplantation from deceased donors, which correlates closely with renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) and the occurrence of delayed graft function. Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are important epigenetic regulators, but their involvement in cold storage/rewarming injury in kidney transplantation is unclear. In the present study, we showed a dynamic change of HDAC3 in a mouse model of kidney cold storage followed by transplantation. We then demonstrated that the selective HDAC3 inhibitor RGFP966 could reduce acute tubular injury and cell death after prolonged cold storage with transplantation. RGFP966 also improved renal function, kidney repair and tubular integrity when the transplanted kidney became the sole life-supporting graft in the recipient mouse. In vitro, cold storage of proximal tubular cells followed by rewarming induced remarkable cell death, which was suppressed by RGFP966 or knockdown of HDAC3 with shRNA. Inhibition of HDAC3 decreased the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential. Collectively, HDAC3 plays a pathogenic role in cold storage/rewarming injury in kidney transplantation, and its inhibition may be a therapeutic option.
The acute pressure natriuresis response is suppressed by selective ETA receptor blockade
Authors: Culshaw Geoffrey , Binnie David , Dhaun Neeraj , Hadoke Patrick , Bailey Matthew , Webb David J
Published: December 2021

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease.  In a significant minority of people, it develops when salt intake is increased (salt-sensitivity).  It is not clear whether this represents impaired vascular function or disruption to the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and renal salt-handling (pressure natriuresis, PN).  Endothelin-1 (ET-1) regulates BP via ETA and ETB receptor subtypes.  Blockade of ETA receptors reduces BP, but promotes sodium retention by an unknown mechanism.  ETB blockade increases both BP and sodium retention.  We hypothesised that ETA blockade promotes sodium and water retention by suppressing PN.  We also investigated whether suppression of PN might reflect off-target ETB blockade.  Acute PN was induced by sequential arterial ligation in male Sprague Dawley rats.  Intravenous atrasentan (ETA antagonist, 5mg/kg) halved the normal increase in medullary perfusion and reduced sodium and water excretion by >60%.  This was not due to off-target ETB blockade because intravenous A-192621 (ETB antagonist, 10mg/kg) increased natriuresis by 50% without modifying medullary perfusion.  In a separate experiment in salt-loaded rats monitored by radiotelemetry, oral atrasentan reduced systolic and diastolic BP by ~10mmHg, but additional oral A-192621 reversed these effects.  Endogenous ETA stimulation has natriuretic effects mediated by renal vascular dilation while endogenous ETB stimulation in the kidney has antinatriuretic effects via renal tubular mechanisms.  Pharmacological manipulation of vascular function with ET antagonists modifies the BP set-point, but even highly selective ETA antagonists attenuate PN, which may be associated with salt and water retention.
Evolution of dust in protoplanetary disks of eruptive stars
Authors: Vorobyov Eduard I. , Skliarevskii Aleksandr M. , Molyarova Tamara , Akimkin Vitaly , Pavlyuchenkov Yaroslav , Kóspál Ágnes , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Takami Michihiro , Topchieva Anastasiia
Published: December 2021

Aims. Luminosity bursts in young FU Orionis-type stars warm up the surrounding disks of gas and dust, thus inflicting changes on their morphological and chemical composition. In this work, we aim at studying the effects that such bursts may have on the spatial distribution of dust grain sizes and the corresponding spectral index in protoplanetary disks.

Methods. We use the numerical hydrodynamics code FEOSAD, which simulates the co-evolution of gas, dust, and volatiles in a protoplanetary disk, taking dust growth and back reaction on gas into account. The dependence of the maximum dust size on the water ice mantles is explicitly considered. The burst is initialized by increasing the luminosity of the central star to 100–300 L⊙ for a time period of 100 yr.

Results. The water snowline shifts during the burst to a larger distance, resulting in the drop of the maximum dust size interior to the snowline position because of more efficient fragmentation of bare grains. After the burst, the water snowline shifts quickly back to its preburst location followed by renewed dust growth. The timescale of dust regrowth after the burst depends on the radial distance so that the dust grains at smaller distances reach the preburst values faster than the dust grains at larger distances. As a result, a broad peak in the radial distribution of the spectral index in the millimeter dust emission develops at ≈10 au, which shifts further out as the disk evolves and dust grains regrow to preburst values at progressively larger distances. This feature is most pronounced in evolved axisymmetric disks rather than in young gravitationally unstable counterparts, although young disks may still be good candidates if gravitational instability is suppressed. We confirmed our earlier conclusion that spiral arms do not act as strong dust accumulators because of the Stokes number dropping below 0.01 within the arms, but this trend may change in low-turbulence disks.

Conclusions. We argue that, depending on the burst strength and disk conditions, a broad peak in the radial distribution of the spectral index can last for up to several thousand years after the burst has ended and can be used to infer past bursts in otherwise quiescent protostars. The detection of a similar peak in the disk around V883 Ori, an FU Orionis-type star with an unknown eruption date, suggests that such features may be common in the post-outburst objects.
Sterben ist Leben
Authors: Kern Martina
Published: December 2021

Palliative Care ist ein ganzheitliches, multiprofessionelles Konzept mit dem Ziel, die Lebensqualität schwerstkranker und sterbender Menschen sowie ihrer Angehörigen zu verbessern. In der Palliativversorgung kommt der realistischen Definition von Zielen eine besondere Rolle zu. Dies birgt die Chance, die Selbstwirksamkeit der Patientinnen und Patienten zu stärken. Ein Fallbeispiel veranschaulicht, wie Palliative Care gelebt werden kann und wie wichtig in diesem Zusammenhang ein Wirken auf Augenhöhe mit den schwerstkranken Menschen und ihren Angehörigen ist.
Die Rolle des Nadel-EMG in der modernen
Myopathiediagnostik
Authors: Dengler Reinhard
Published: December 2021

Die Arbeit beschreibt die Möglichkeiten des Nadel-EMG in der Diagnostik
von Myopathien. Es wird das Vorkommen verschiedener Arten von pathologischer
Spontanaktivität (PSA), die Unterscheidung von neuropathischen und
myopathischen Veränderungen bei der Analyse von Potentialen motorischer
Einheiten (PME) und der Stellenwert des Interferenzmusters bei
Maximalinnervation besprochen. Das EMG kann zwar mit Ausnahme der myotonen
Syndrome nicht zuverlässig zwischen verschiedenen Myopathien
unterscheiden, kann aber zumindest normal und krank sowie neuropathisch und
myopathisch voneinander abgrenzen. Insbesondere kann es auch helfen zu
entscheiden, ob die weitere Diagnostik über eine Muskelbiopsie oder
über Molekulargenetik laufen soll.
Die Gesundheitskompetenz von angehenden Ärzt*innen
Pflegenden, Hebammen, Therapeut*innen und
Gesundheitsmanager*innen in Deutschland – Explorative
Pilotstudie
Authors: Simon Anke , Ebinger Margrit , Holoch Elisabeth
Published: December 2021

Ziel Gesundheitskompetenz ist definiert als die Fähigkeit
Gesundheitsinformationen zu sammeln, zu verstehen, zu beurteilen und anzuwenden.
Studien zeigen, dass die deutsche Bevölkerung lediglich über ein
durchschnittliches Ausmaß an Gesundheitskompetenz verfügt. Die
Gesundheitskompetenz des Gesundheitspersonals, wie z. B.
Pflegefachpersonen, Ärzte und Ärztinnen oder Hebammen spielt
eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz von
Patient*innen sowie der eigenen Gesunderhaltung. Bisher liegen in
Deutschland keine empirischen Erkenntnisse zur Gesundheitskompetenz von
Angehörigen der Gesundheitsberufe vor. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, das
selbst eingeschätzte Ausmaß an Gesundheitskompetenz von
Angehörigen der Gesundheitsberufe zu erheben.

Methodik An der Studie nahmen 583 Berufsanwärter und
Berufsanwärterinnen der Abschlussjahrgänge der DHBW Stuttgart
sowie dualer Kooperationspartner (Berufsfachschulen und Akademische
Lehrkrankenhäuser) teil. Diese umfassten Absolventen und Absolventinnen
der Pflege, Hebammenkunde, Therapie
(Logopädie/Physio-/Ergotherapie) sowie des Managements
im Gesundheitswesen und Medizinstudierende im Praktischen Jahr. Zur Erfassung
der Gesundheitskompetenz wurde der Fragebogen HLS-EU-Q16 verwendet. Mittels 16
Fragen stuften die Teilnehmenden auf einer 4-stufigen Skala ein, wie leicht bzw.
schwierig es ihnen fiel, gesundheitsrelevante Informationen zu finden, zu
verstehen, zu beurteilen und umzusetzen.

Ergebnisse Lediglich 30,1% der Teilnehmenden verfügen
über eine ausreichende Gesundheitskompetenz; bei 48,9% der
Teilnehmenden zeigte sich eine problematische, bei 21,0% eine
inadäquate Gesundheitskompetenz. Bei der Analyse der einzelnen Fragen
zeigte sich, dass die Teilnehmenden in fast allen Bereichen über mehr
Probleme beim Finden, Verstehen, Beurteilen und Umsetzen gesundheitsrelevanter
Informationen berichten, als Befragte im europäischen Ausland.

Schlussfolgerungen In der vorliegenden Studie zeigte sich, dass angehende
Gesundheitsfachpersonen über eine limitierte Gesundheitskompetenz
verfügen. Weitere Forschung ist nötig, um ein umfassenderes und
differenzierteres Bild der Gesundheitskompetenz bei Gesundheitsfachpersonen zu
erhalten. Die Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz von Angehörigen
der Gesundheitsberufe sollte systematisch in die Curricula von Ausbildung und
Studium sowie in Patient*innen-nahe Praktika integriert werden.
Lebenssituationen aus der Praxis
Authors: Wortberg Marie
Published: December 2021

Biografiearbeit am Lebensende und im Trauerprozess ist individuell und kann unterschiedliche Ziele haben. Drei Fallberichte, die in diesem Beitrag beschrieben werden, zeigen dies.
Effect of Dietary Oregano (Lippia origanoides) and Clover (Eugenia caryophillata) Essential Oilsʼ Formulations on Intestinal Health and Performance of Pigs
Authors: Dieguez Susana Nelly , Decundo Julieta María , Martínez Guadalupe , Amanto Fabián Andrés , Bianchi Carolina Paula , Pérez Gaudio Denisa Soledad , Soraci Alejandro Luis
Published: December 2021

The incorporation of natural essential oils to the pigsʼ diet in intensive production systems is a potential tool to improve gut health and prevent infections without using antibiotics. Nevertheless, different products, even containing the same compounds, coming from the same botanical species, may exert dissimilar biological effects due differences in the technological processes by which they are produced and preserved. For this reason, suitability of a given product based on natural extracts, intended for swine production must be thoroughly evaluated. In the present study, we assessed the effects of three additives containing oregano (Lippia origanoides) essential oil, alone or in combination with clover (Eugenia caryophillata) essential oil, with or without being microencapsulated, on gastrointestinal health and on some performance parameters in a commercial pig production farm. Recently weaned piglets were randomly divided in four groups, and basal diet or essential oil-supplemented diet (OCE; MOCE; MOE) was randomly assigned to each of the groups from weaning to finishing. Blood samples were collected at pre-established days after weaning. Intestinal sampling took place at 42 and 72 days of age. Pigs consuming the supplemented diets showed higher intestinal metabolic activity during the post-weaning period, decreasing the impact of weaning stress on enterocytesʼ metabolism. Intestinal barrier function was not affected in pigs consuming microencapsulated products. All treated groups showed improved intestinal architecture, increased digestive enzymes activity and caecal VFA concentrations. The incorporation of the dietary essential oils products brought beneficial effects on gastrointestinal health that were reflected in improved performance parameters.
Comparative Analysis of Obstetric Hemorrhage Risk Prediction Tools
Authors: Hacker Francis M. , Phillips Jaclyn M. , Lemon Lara S. , Simhan Hyagriv N.
Published: December 2021

Objective Hemorrhage risk prediction tools were developed in response to rising rates of obstetric hemorrhage (OBH). The California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative (CMQCC) risk prediction tool classifies patients as low, medium, and high risk for OBH based on individual risk factors. At our institution, Magee-Womens Hospital (MWH), a unique OBH risk prediction tool was derived from the CMQCC tool that differs through its use of weighted risk factors and distinctive laboratory value cutoffs. Our objective is to compare this enhanced institution-specific tool to the CMQCC tool.

Study Design This study was a retrospective cohort analysis of delivery admissions from a single health care network. Admission OBH risk scores were assigned to each patient using both the MWH and CMQCC scores. Cohen's kappa estimated agreement. Scoring systems and maternal outcomes were compared using chi-square test. Composite morbidity included transfusion, hysterectomy, uterine artery embolization, and intensive care unit admission.

Results A total of 21,843 delivery admissions were included. A moderate association was observed between scoring systems (kappa = 0.41, p < 0.001). The CMQCC tool categorized 16,184 (74%) patients as low risk, 4,664 (21%) as medium risk, and 995 (5%) as high risk. The MWH tool categorized 13,137 (60%) patients as low risk, 8,113 (37%) as medium risk, and 593 (3%) as high risk. The MWH score recategorized CMQCC low-risk patients to a higher stratum 26% of the time. CMQCC high-risk patients were recategorized to a lower stratum 82% of the time. Both the MWH and CMQCC tools were able to differentiate OBH-related morbidity across risk strata. The MWH tool independently predicted risk of composite morbidity within each stratum of the CMQCC score.

Conclusion Both the MWH and CMQCC tools independently distinguish risk of composite morbidity. Adding weighted values to individual risk factors further discriminates risk of morbidity. This suggests it may be reasonable to adapt the CMQCC tool to reflect institutional populations and resources.

Key Points
Neonatal Birthweight, Infant Feeding, and Childhood Metabolic Markers
Authors: Pippen Jessica , Stetson Bethany , Doherty Lindsay , Varner Michael W. , Casey Brian M. , Reddy Uma M. , Wapner Ronald J. , Rouse Dwight J. , Tita Alan T. N. , Thorp John M. , Chien Edward K. , Saade George R. , Blackwell Sean C. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network
Published: December 2021

Objective Antenatal and early neonatal nutritional environment may influence later metabolic health. Infants of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have higher risk for childhood obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Leptin and adiponectin are known biomarkers for MetS and may guide interventions to reduce later obesity. We sought to examine the relationship between birthweight, early infancy feeding practices, and biomarkers for MetS in offspring of women with mild GDM.

Study Design Secondary analysis of a prospective observational follow-up study on the offspring of women who participated in a multicenter randomized treatment trial on mild GDM. Children were evaluated by research coordinators and biospecimens collected at the age of 5 to 10. Plasma concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were compared between large for gestational age (LGA) and average birthweight (AGA) infants, and according to whether solid foods were introduced early (<6 months of age) or at the recommended age (≥6 months of age). Multivariable analysis adjusted for fetal sex, race/ethnicity, and maternal body mass index.

Results Leptin and adiponectin were measured in 336 plasma samples. In bivariate analysis, compared with AGA children, LGA children had lower leptin (5.0 ng/mL [3.6–6.0] vs. 5.8 ng/mL [4.5 = 6.6], p = 0.01) and similar adiponectin (6.3 µg/mL [5.1–7.9] vs. 6.4 µg/mL [5.3–8.6], p = 0.49) concentrations. Maternal/child characteristics were similar between the early/delayed solid feeding groups. Leptin and adiponectin concentrations were similar in the early fed and delayed feeding groups (5.8 ng/mL [4.6–6.7] vs. 5.6 ng/mL [4.2–6.6], p = 0.50 and 6.4 µg/mL [5.4–8.1] vs. 6.4 µg/mL [5.1–8.8], p = 0.85, respectively). After controlling for covariates, children who were LGA and AGA at birth had similar leptin concentrations.

Conclusion Birthweight and early infancy feeding practice are not associated with alterations in leptin and adiponectin in children of women with mild GDM.

Key Points
Existence of exponentially spatially localized breather solutions for lattices of nonlinearly coupled particles: Schauder’s fixed point theorem approach
Authors: Hennig Dirk , Karachalios Nikos I.
Published: December 2021

The problem of showing the existence of localized modes in nonlinear lattices has attracted considerable efforts not only from the physical but also from the mathematical viewpoint where a rich variety of methods have been employed. In this paper, we prove that a fixed point theory approach based on the celebrated Schauder’s fixed point theorem may provide a general method to concisely establish not only the existence of localized structures but also a required rate of spatial localization. As a case study, we consider lattices of coupled particles with a nonlinear nearest neighbor interaction and prove the existence of exponentially spatially localized breathers exhibiting either even-parity or odd-parity symmetry under necessary non-resonant conditions accompanied with the proof of energy bounds of solutions.
Bright ab initio photoluminescence of NV+ in diamond
Authors: Karim Akib , Lyskov Igor , Russo Salvy P. , Peruzzo Alberto
Published: December 2021

The positively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV+) center in diamond has been traditionally treated as a dark state due to the experimental lack of an optical signature. Recent computational studies have shown that it is possible for the NV+ defect to have an excited state transition equivalent to that of the negatively charged (NV−) center, but no photoluminescence (PL) predictions have been reported so far. We report the first ab initio calculation showing that the NV+ center presents quantum emission, with zero phonon line at 765 nm and a non-zero transition dipole moment, approximately one quarter of the transition dipole moment of NV−. We calculate the energy levels of the multielectron states under the time-dependent density functional theory (singlet and triplet E states), and using our recently developed frequency cutoff method, we predict the full PL spectrum. Our results suggest that this state cannot be considered intrinsically “dark” and charge specific quenching mechanisms should be investigated as the cause of the lack of optical activity in experimental characterizations.
Surface-tension effects in oscillatory squeeze flow rheometry
Authors: Barakat J. M. , Hinton Z. , Alvarez N. J. , Walker T. W.
Published: December 2021

Oscillatory squeeze flow rheometry (OSFR) is a technique for measuring fluid viscosity and linear viscoelasticity between oscillating parallel plates. While several corrections to the basic viscous flow model for OSFR have been considered (e.g., due to inertial effects), the role of surface tension remains largely unexplored. The present work revisits the classical liquid bridge problem subject to an oscillatory squeeze flow and considers the role of viscosity and surface tension on the dynamic force exerted by the liquid on the supporting plates. Using a combination of theory and experiment, we show that the (dimensionless) force collapses onto a master curve when plotted against a modified capillary number (measuring the relative importance of viscosity and surface tension) and that this prediction is robust over a wide range of strain amplitudes and aspect ratios. In doing so, we also demonstrate the ability of OSFR to measure surface-tension forces with reasonably high resolution. We test this capability for several low-viscosity fluids, demonstrating that, with current instrumentation and protocol, OSFR can measure surface tension to within 20% relative error. Finally, we provide an operating diagram that demarcates the regimes in which either viscosity or surface tension can be ignored in OSFR measurements. The results of this study may be used to further develop OSFR as a tool for measuring dynamical surface phenomena in addition to bulk viscoelasticity.
Stability theory of plasma diodes with counterstreaming electron and ion flows
Authors: Bakaleinikov L. A. , Kuznetsov V. I. , Flegontova E. Yu.
Published: December 2021

The diode with counterstreaming electron and ion flows is characterized by the existence of more than one steady-state solution for the same external parameters. Stability features of such solutions are studied. For this purpose, the evolution of an exponential potential perturbation with complex frequency is followed. Linearization of the electron and ion densities allows obtaining integrodifferential equation for the electric field perturbation amplitude. In the case of uniform unperturbed potential distribution, an explicit solution of this equation is obtained. Eigen modes of the perturbation are studied. The limiting value of the diode length above which the steady-state solution in question becomes unstable is found. The numerical calculation of the perturbation development was carried out. Good agreement is found between analytical and numerical results.
Polarization insensitive symmetry protected quasi-bound states in the continuum at terahertz band
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhao Zhenyu , Du Mingjie , Qin Hua , Ako Rajour Tanyi , Sriram Sharath
Published: December 2021

In a system of C2 symmetry, symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (SP-BICs) exist with a continuous spectrum of radiating waves that can carry energy away and enable an infinite radiative quality (Q) factor and zero linewidth. However, the SP-BICs transform into quasi-BICs by breaking the C2 symmetry of the system, where the resonance lifetime and linewidth become finite and measurable. As such, the quasi-BICs are very sensitive to the polarization of incident radiation. Owing to the application of a biosensor or a lasing device, it is unavoidable to work with an unpolarized radiative beam. Herein, we propose a metasurface in a C4 symmetric layout, which exhibits polarization-insensitive terahertz symmetry-protected quasi-BICs. The orientations of adjacent two meta-molecules (MMs) are designed to be orthogonal to each other. By tuning the degree of asymmetry along the orientation of MMs, the quasi-BICs exhibit insensitivity to the polarization of the incident terahertz wave. A large degree of asymmetry results in a deformation of an electric quadrupole, which forms an energy leaky channel to the free space. Due to the translational symmetry, the wave-vector of the lattice in C4 symmetry is conserved so that the electric components of transmitted radiation along the x axis is identical to that along the y axis, Txx = Tyy. As such, the leaky channel of electromagnetic scattering becomes insensitive to the incident polarization. Our results present an approach to achieve polarization-insensitive quasi-BICs in a topologically symmetric metasurface, which is helpful for the innovation of terahertz biosensor.
Understanding copper diffusion in CuInSe2 with first-principles based atomistic and continuum models
Authors: Sommer David E. , Dunham Scott T.
Published: December 2021

We investigate the diffusion of copper in CuInSe2 using thermodynamic and kinetic models based on density functional theory calculations, attempting to reconcile large differences in reported experimental diffusivities. We find that observations of rapid chemical diffusion can be explained by large thermodynamic factors, which we calculate using a compositionally constrained model of intrinsic point defect formation. We further characterize how copper diffusion coefficients depend on material synthesis conditions and exhibit their variation across the CuInSe2 secondary phase diagram. In doing so, we identify stable off-stoichiometries that are dominated by either vacancy- or interstitial-mediated diffusion mechanisms. These results are employed in the development of a continuum reaction–diffusion model, which we use to simulate experimental depth profiles.