bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yield and Economics of Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.) under Integrated Nutrient Management Practices in Odisha, India
Authors: Dalei Bibhuti Bhusan , Rath Bama Sankar , Mohapatra Ashok Kumar , Patnaik Girija Prasad , Phonglosa Amit , Sahoo Sabyasachi , Baliarsingh Anupama , Panda Narayan , Senapati Niranjan
Published: July 2023

A field experiment was carried out at Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Semiliguda of Koraput district under Eastern Ghat High Land zone of Odisha in acidic soil during two consecutive kharif seasons of 2016 and 2017 to study the response of integrated nutrient management on yield and economics of hybrid maize. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications consisting of twelve treatments. The present investigation revealed that application of soil test fertilizer dose with green manure (cowpea), FYM @ 5 t ha-1 and biofertilizer (Azotobacter + Azospirillum + PSB @ 4 kg ha-1 each) resulted significantly higher seed yield of 7384 kg ha-1 with a net monetary return of Rs. 50838 ha-1 and benefit cost ratio of 1.97.
Effect of Different Fertility Levels on Growth and Production Potential of Rice Genotypes
Authors: Bahuguna Anjali , Singh D. K. , Hodkashia Seema , Supriya  , Sharma Uma , Sachan Dhruvendra Singh , Padhan Smruti Ranjan , Verma Parkash
Published: July 2023

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2019 at Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) for evaluation of six rice genotypes (IET-27263, IET-26418, IET-26420, NDR-359, PD-19 and PD-26) under varying fertility levels (Control, 100% RDF, 150% RDF). Treatments were tested in Split Plot Design with three replications keeping fertilizer levels in main plots and genotypes in sub plots.

Application of fertilizer at 150% RDF and genotype IET-27263 resulted in significantly taller plants, highest number of tillers, highest dry matter accumulation over all other fertilizer levels.

So, it can be recommended that application of fertilizers at higher dose is essential for obtaining higher yield of rice as most of the parameters of growth, development and yield were responding well up to 150% RDF. The new rice genotype IET27263 was found superior to all other tested genotypes.
A New Pressure-Based Modeling Approach for Early Leak Detection in Gas Processing Plants Using Machine Learning
Authors: Usiabulu Godsday Idanegbe , Joel Ogbonna , Nosike Livinus , Aimikhe Victor , Okafor Emeka
Published: July 2023

Natural gas is composed mostly of methane, the simplest hydrocarbon molecule, with only one carbon atom. But most gas at the wellhead contains other hydrocarbon molecules known as Natural Gas Liquids (NGL). Heavier gaseous hydrocarbons such as propane (C3H8), normal butane (n-C4H10), isobutane (i- C4H10) and pentanes, may also be processed in gas plants and exported as Liquified Natural Gas (LNG). During operational services in gas plant from inlet to outlet piping, gas leaks tend to occur undetected at some points in the facility. Apart from loss of gas resources, leaks and venting at natural gas processing plants release other pollutants besides methane (e.g., benzene, hexane, hydrogen sulfide) that can threaten air quality and public health. Hence, the need for early detection of gas leaks by using appropriate Machine Learning (ML) models. Insight from existing general flow equations was used to develop a new modelling approach for Machine Learning, in a test case: Gas Plant JK – 52. Input gas pressure data is calibrated and evaluated for consistency in real-time. The data is then corrected for lag-time and used to compute tolerance. Indicated time of alarm is checked against events such as residual gas, supply, pumping, etc. Where alarm is eventless, leak is suspected and eventually confirmed, suggesting that action should be taken to mitigate against the leakage. Following the input of a split training dataset, different types of regressions were used for the machine learning before automating the system for real-time evaluation and detection. Linear regression provided a 39% test accuracy, which was considered too low. This led to the use of random forest regression, which provided a 95% test accuracy and was considered excellent. It is hoped that with continuing data acquisition in gas plants employing this algorithm, further modelling will become more predictive as machine learns from experience.
The Effect of Variations in Calcination Temperature on the Character of ZnO and ZnO/Mopl-CTAB in Degrading Methyl Orange
Authors: Rosanti Aulia Dewi , Hidayat Fahmi , Kusumawati Yuly , Fadlan Arif , Shobirin Rizky Arief , Wijaya Fanni Kurnia
Published: July 2023

Medan orange peel (Mopl), which has been modified using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), has the potential to adsorb methyl orange (MO), and thus it can be used as a supporting material for ZnO. The ZnO is a photocatalytic material that is environmentally friendly, inexpensive, non-toxic, and has a wide band gap value. This study aims to determine the effect of calcination temperature on ZnO and ZnO characteristics due to modification using Mopl-CTAB and its effect on the degradation of MO. This research was carried out by synthesizing ZnO and ZnO/Mopl-CTAB materials using impregnation method and varying the calcination temperatures at 150, 250, 350, and 450 °C. The solid material powder obtained was characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS). Based on the results of the characterization, greater calcination temperature can affect the characteristics of the photocatalyst, including its morphology, functional groups, crystal structure, crystal lattice, crystallinity, surface area, pore size, pore volume, and energy band gap. The MO photodegradation activity test using the synthesized material was conducted under dark and light conditions. The results of the test revealed that the best or optimum material to be used in degrading MO is a calcined material at 450 °C under light conditions. ZnO material using Mopl-CTAB is better in degrading ZnO/Mopl-CTAB 450 °C than ZnO 450 °C. This study found that ZnO material using Mopl-CTAB  had a percent removal of 78% in 50 min, while ZnO 450 °C only had a percent removal of 53% in 40 min. The reaction kinetics in dark and light conditions follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
The progressive use of visual cues in skilled adolescent cricket batters
Authors: Taliep Mogammad Sharhidd , Mhlonngo Njabulo , Draper Catherine E. , Rust Ruan , Gray Janine
Published: July 2023

This study aims to investigate the visual anticipation of skilled adolescent cricket batters during a temporal occlusion task. Thirty skilled adolescent cricket batters were recruited for the study. A temporal occlusion paradigm was employed to allow participants to predict the swing and length of the delivery. A projected video was occluded at seven points during the delivery, with each subsequent point providing progressively more visual information. Skilled adolescent batters were not able to correctly anticipate the delivery without ball flight information. They required between 100 and 200 ms of ball flight to correctly perceive the delivery type above the level of chance. These findings have implications for the development of visual anticipation skills for children in striking sports.
Study finds high rate of alcohol withdrawal in patients with AH
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2023

Patients with alcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH) who are hospitalized may be treated with intravenous benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal; this is standard in the U.S. However, a new study has found that intravenous benzodiazepines and barbiturates are associated with mortality in such patients and recommends monitoring, and chlomethiazole, an oral thiamine derivative given universally to patients with alcohol‐associated hepatitis prophylactically, instead. Monitoring for alcohol withdrawal can then be done and treated if necessary.
NIAAA updates information on alcohol use treatment
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2023

Last week, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) updated its facts and statistics web page. Below is the updated information on treatment for alcohol use.
Evaluation of Injectable Composite Material Comprising Biphasic Bone Substitutes and Crosslinked Collagen
Authors: Fan Lu , Ren Yanru , Burkhardt Claus , Jung Ole , Schnettler Reinhard , Barbeck Mike , Xiong Xin
Published: July 2023

Bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising approach to regenerate bone tissue, and injectable biomaterials have shown potential for bone regeneration applications due to their ease of administration and ability to fill irregularly shaped defects. This study aims to develop and characterize an injectable composite material comprising biphasic bone substitutes (BBS) and crosslinked porcine collagen type I for bone regeneration applications. The collagen is crosslinked via a UVA‐riboflavin crosslinking strategy and evaluated by testing the physicochemical properties, including the rheological behavior, dynamic storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″), and in vitro degradation process. The results show that the crosslinked collagen (xCol) exhibits suitable physicochemical properties for injectability and improved viscoelasticity and degradation resistance. Furthermore, xCol is then combined with BBS in a predetermined ratio, obtaining the injectable composite material. The biocompatibility of the materials is evaluated in vitro by XTT and BrdU assays on fibroblasts and preosteoblasts. The results demonstrate that the composite material is biocompatible and supporting pre‐osteoblasts proliferation. In conclusion, the injectable composite material BBS‐xCol has promising physiochemical and biological properties for bone regeneration applications. Further studies are warranted to evaluate its efficacy in vivo and optimize its composition for clinical translation.
Deconstructing 3D Structured Materials by Modern Ultramicrotomy for Multimodal Imaging and Volume Analysis across Length Scales
Authors: Wacker Irene , Curticean Ronald , Ryklin Daniel , Weidinger Britta , Mayer Frederik , Huang Li‐Yu , Hoffmann Julian , Islam Monsur , von Coelln Nadine , Schmitt Tanja , Huck Christian , Tegeder Petra , Feist Florian , Kammerer Jochen A. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Wegener Martin , Blasco Eva , Gengenbach Ulrich , Schröder Rasmus R.
Published: July 2023

Based on the rapid advances in additive manufacturing, micro‐patterned heterostructures of soft materials have become available that need to be characterized down to the nanoscale. Advanced function‐structure relationships are designed by direct 3D structuring of the object and – in the future – fine control over material functionality in 3D will produce complex functional objects. To control their design, fabrication and final structure, morphological and spectroscopical imaging in 3D at nanometer resolution are critically required. With examples of carbon‐based objects, it is demonstrated how serial ultramicrotomy, that is, cutting a large number of successive ultrathin sections, can be utilized to gain access to the interior of 3D objects. Array tomography, hierarchical imaging and correlative light and electron microscopy can bridge length scales over several orders of magnitude and provide multimodal information of the sample's inner structure. Morphology data derived from scanning electron microscopy are correlated with spectroscopy in analytical transmission electron microscopy and probe microscopy at nanometer resolution, using TEM‐electron energy loss spectroscopy and infrared‐scanning‐near‐field microscopy. The correlation of different imaging modalities and spectroscopy of carbon‐based materials in 3D provides a powerful toolbox of complementary techniques for understanding emerging functions from nanoscopic structuring.
Molecular Engineering of NIR‐II AIE Luminogen Excited at 1700 nm for Ultradeep Intravital Brain Two‐Photon Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Li Dan , Deng Xiangquan , Xu Zhourui , Wang Deliang , Xu Gaixia , Zhang Pingyu , Qiu Ping , Xie Weixin , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong , Wang Ke
Published: July 2023

The limited tissue penetration depth and spatial resolution are the major bottlenecks for deep‐brain imaging. In this study, molecular engineering by tailoring electron donors is conducted to develop for the first time an NIR‐II (second near‐infrared) emissive fluorescence probe, namely DCTBT, for effective deep‐brain two‐photon fluorescence imaging. Benefiting from its good biocompatibility, high photostability, bright NIR‐II emission as aggregates and large two‐photon fluorescence action cross section at the 1700 nm excitation window, DCTBT offers the imaging depths of 2180 and 1135 µm in mouse brain with removed and intact skull, respectively. These results are the record depths for brain imaging, compared to all kinds of fluorescent probes and all modalities of multiphoton microscopy at all demonstrated excitation wavelengths. Moreover, with DCTBT labeling, hemodynamic imaging of blood flow in mouse brain vessels down to a depth of 714 µm with the intact skull is achieved. Multiphoton fluorescence imaging with the NIR‐II probe DCTBT excited at the 1700 nm window may readily provide methodology for deep‐brain structural and hemodynamic research.
Controllable Thermochemical Generation of Active Defects in the Horizontal/Vertical MoS2 for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhou Yu , Li Cheng , Zhang Yu , Wang Li , Fan Xiulian , Zou Luwei , Cai Zhao , Jiang Jinming , Zhou Shen , Zhang Bo , Zhang Hongyan , Li Weihan , Chen Zhihui
Published: July 2023

As for 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, the creation of proper active defects concentrations is considered as the efficient strategy for improving hydrogen evolution performance. However, the synthesis methods of large‐area MoS2 catalysts with controllable active defects are limited, also for its working mechanism. Herein, thermochemical generation of active defects for MoS2 catalysts has established by annealing sodium hypophosphite, in which the phosphine is spontaneously generated and chemically tailors the MoS2 lattice. The defects formation is confirmed by the investigation of slightly‐changed surface structure and unpaired electrons for the annealed samples. The hydrogen evolution reaction performances of horizontally/vertically grown MoS2 films are improved by controlling reaction conditions, indicating the active defects could form in the basal plane and edges with retained crystal structure. The overpotential of MoS2 samples converted from 10 nm Mo reduces from −520 to −265 mV with largely decreased Tafel slope. The electrochemical microreactor studies reveal the protons adsorption of active sites shows much more significant contribution, than interfacial charge transfer with the enhanced remarkable performance (−100 mV at 10 mA cm−2). This study presents the large‐area synthesized strategy for MoS2 based catalysts with controllable defects concentration and helps establish rational design principles for future MoS2 family electrocatalysts.
A Self‐Independent Binary‐Sublattice Construction in Cu2Se Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Zhao Huijuan , Hu Haihua , Li Jing‐Wei , Li Jing‐Feng , Zhu Jing
Published: July 2023

The atomic‐scale structure of cuprous selenide room temperature phase (α‐Cu2Se), which plays an important role in understanding the mechanism of its high thermoelectric performance, is still not fully determined. Here, direct observation with atomic‐scale resolution is realized to reveal the fine structure of α‐Cu2Se via spherical‐aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. It is observed to be an interesting self‐independent binary‐sublattice construction for Cu and Se in α‐Cu2Se, respectively, which shows a variety of ordered copper fluctuation structures are embedded in a rigid pseudo‐cubic Se sublattice. Ordering of Cu uses a variety of configurations with little energy difference, forming considerable amounts of “boundaries,” which may lead to ultrastrong phonon scattering. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations indicate that the electronic structures are mainly determined by the rigid Se face‐centered cubic sublattice and not sensitive to the various copper fluctuations, which may guarantee the electron transfers with large carrier mobility. The self‐independent binary‐sublattice construction is speculated to enhance phonon scattering while still maintaining good electrical transport property. This study provides new critical information for further understanding the possible correlation between the specific structure and thermoelectric performance of α‐Cu2Se, as well as designing new thermoelectric materials.
Revealing the Intrinsic Decay of Mechanoluminescence for Achieving Ultrafast‐Response Stress Sensing
Authors: Chen Changjian , Lin Zhu , Huang Honghui , Pan Xin , Zhou Tian‐Liang , Luo Hongde , Jin Libo , Peng Dengfeng , Xu Jian , Zhuang Yixi , Xie Rong‐Jun
Published: July 2023

Converting mechanical energy into photon emission provides a promising route for intelligent sensing, self‐powered lighting, and distributed energy harvesting, which is of great significance for finding a feasible solution to the current sensing technical bottleneck and energy crisis. As the basis for understanding the conversion mechanism and realizing high‐frequency mechanical energy utilization, elucidating the dynamic process of intensity variation in the mechano‐to‐photon conversion remains a great challenge. Herein, a time‐domain characterization scheme that enables to unravel the intrinsic decay of mechanoluminescence (ML) with lifetimes from milliseconds down to tens of microseconds is constructed. It is demonstrated that ML decay characterization is an important tool to reveal the dynamics of charge migration in ML materials. The ML decay in a typical self‐reproducible ML material ZnS:Mn2+ shows temperature dependence and stress fluctuation resistance, which opens up a new reliable approach for self‐powered and remote temperature sensing. Finally, benefiting from the shortest ML lifetime recorded to date, an ultrafast‐response stress sensor that enables to detect individual pulses of ultrasonic waves with ML sensing technology is developed.
Advances of Nanotechnology Toward Vaccine Development Against Animal Infectious Diseases
Authors: Wang Xinlian , Gao Xinglong , Wang Liuxiang , Lin Jinhui , Liu Ying
Published: July 2023

Vaccines are the most effective means of controlling infectious diseases. Increasingly epidemics have driven the development of vaccines for human use. However, insufficient attention has been paid to preventing animal epidemics. The spread of animal epidemics directly affects food and nutritional safety, the economy, and outbreaks of zoonotic diseases, which can eventually threaten human health. Reducing safety risks, saving production costs, adapting to mass vaccination, and improving immunogenicity are important that must be considered in animal vaccines. Nanotechnology in vaccine development provides unique advantages in meeting these challenges, both at in vitro preparation and in vivo immune response levels. In terms of in vitro vaccine formulation, nanoparticles offer the possibility to provide multiple antigen display sites, maintain antigen conformation, and improve vaccine stability, which facilitates the development of vaccines with enhanced immunogenicity and thermal stability. In terms of in vivo vaccine‐induced immunity, nanoparticles show superior immunostimulatory activity which facilitates multiple immune response processes, including antigen delivery, cellular uptake, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte activation, thus markedly augmenting vaccine‐mediated immune responses. Herein, the application of nanotechnology to vaccine development and the characteristics of animal vaccines are reviewed, aiming to provide general guidelines for the design of future vaccines against animal infectious diseases and promote harmonious coexistence of humans and animals.
Dynamic Balance of Partial Charge for Small Organic Compound in Aqueous Zinc‐Organic Battery
Authors: Sun Tianjiang , Yi Zhehan , Zhang Weijia , Nian Qingshun , Fan Hong Jin , Tao Zhanliang
Published: July 2023

Organic cathodes for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) feature intrinsic flexibility and favorable kinetics, but they suffer from high solubility. Herein, a partial charge regulation strategy is deployed by designing a small organic molecule with extended π‐conjugated plane, namely benzo[i]benzo[6′,7′]quinoxalino[2′,3′:9,10]phenanthro[4,5‐abc]phenazine‐5,10,16,21‐tetraone (PTONQ). The charge equalization of active sites induced by the extended π‐conjugated plane of the PTONQ molecule combined with high aromaticity renders the molecule low solubility, fast charge transfer, and high structural stability. The fabricated Zn//PTONQ battery cycles more than 500 h at 175 mA g−1 with small capacity reduction, fast charged/discharged kinetics, and anti‐freeze performance (below ‐20°C). By a series of ex situ characterizations, it is attested that the capacity originates mainly from Zn2+ insertion/removal of PTONQ without H+ incorporation, which also accounts for the formation of Znx(CF3SO3)y(OH)2x‐y·nH2O by‐products. This result benefits the understanding of the by‐product formation mechanism of organic cathode and paves a new way to advance the aqueous Zn‐organic batteries.
Highly Tough and Biodegradable Poly(ethylene glycol)‐Based Bioadhesives for Large‐Scaled Liver Injury Hemostasis and Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Huang Yiqian , Jing Wei , Zeng Jianping , Xue Yunxia , Zhang Yan , Yu Xueqiao , Wei Pengfei , Zhao Bo , Dong Jiahong
Published: July 2023

Conventional tissue adhesives face challenges for hemostasis and tissue regeneration in large‐scaled hemorrhage and capillary hypobaric bleeding due to weak adhesion, and inability to degrade at specific sites. Herein, convenient and injectable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based adhesives are developed to address the issues for liver hemostasis. The PEG‐bioadhesives are composed of tetra‐armed PEG succinimide glutarate (PEG‐SG), tetra‐armed PEG amine (PEG‐NH2), and tri‐lysine. By mixing the components, the PEG‐bioadhesives can be rapidly formulated for use of liver bleeding closure in hepatectomy. The PEG‐bioadhesives also possess mechanical compliance to native tissues (elastic modulus ≈40 kPa) and tough tissue adhesion (≈28 kPa), which enables sufficient adhering to the injured tissues and promotes liver regeneration with the PEG‐bioadhesive degradation. In both rats of liver injury and pigs of large‐scaled hepatic hemorrhage, the PEG‐bioadhesives show effective hemostasis with superior blood loss than conventional tissue adhesives. Due to biocompatibility and degradability, the PEG‐bioadhesive is advantageous for liver regeneration, while commercial adhesives (e.g., N‐octyl cyanoacrylate) display adhesion failure and limited liver reconstructions. These PEG‐bioadhesive components are FDA‐approved, and demonstrate excellent adhesion to various tissues not only for liver hemostasis, it is a promising candidate in biomedical translations and clinical applications.
Photocontrollable Elongation Actuation of Liquid Crystal Elastomer Films with Well‐Defined Crease Structures
Authors: Huang Yinliang , Xu Yiyi , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Liu Zhongcheng , Wang Jinyu , Tao Yu , Yang Tao , Huang Shuai , Yang Hong , Li Quan
Published: July 2023

Although liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) have demonstrated various applications in artificial muscles and soft robotics, their inherent flexibility and orientation‐dependent forces limit their functions. For instance, LCEs can sustain a high actuation force when they contract but cannot elongate to drive loads with large displacements. In this study, it is demonstrated that photocontrollable elongation actuation with a large strain can be achieved in polydomain LCEs by programming the crease structures in a well‐defined order to couple the actuation forces. Efficient photoactuation without overheating‐induced damage to the materials is favored, based on the well‐designed photosensitive molecular switch crosslinker via the synergy of photochemical and photothermal effects. The LCE actuator can jack up heavy loads, elongate freely, and contract back to manipulate distant objects. Theoretical analysis based on a finite element simulation of the deformation energy during the actuation process reveals a trade‐off between the abilities of jacking‐up and withstanding load. More importantly, this study simplifies the design of a single material with functions inherent only in other soft robotic devices based on the assembly of multiple modules, thus providing a design strategy for surpassing instinctive properties of conventional soft materials to expand the functions of soft robotics.
Novel Gas Phase Route Toward Patterned Deposition of Sputter‐Free Pt/Al Nanofoils
Authors: Isaac Nishchay A. , Schlag Leslie , Ispas Adriana , Reiprich Johannes , Soydan Alper K. , Moreira Pedro H. O. , Thiele Sebastian , Aliabadian Bardia , Flock Dominik , Knauer Andrea , Jiménez Juan J. , Bund Andreas , Morales Francisco M. , Pezoldt Jörg , Jacobs Heiko O.
Published: July 2023

This article reports a new approach toward fabrication and directed assembly of nanoparticulate reactive system (Nanofoils) on patterned substrates. Different from current state‐of‐the‐art, gas phase electrodeposition uses nanoparticles instead of atoms to form densely packed multilayered thin films at room temperature‐pressure. On ignition, the multilayer system undergoes an exothermic self‐propagating reaction. The numerous contact points between two metallic nanoparticulate layers aid in high heat release. Sub‐10‐nm Platinum (Pt) and Aluminum (Al) particles are synthesized through cathode erosion of metal electrodes in a flow of pure nitrogen gas (spark ablation). Pt/Al bilayer stacks with total thickness of 3–8 µm undergo self‐propagating reaction with a 10.3 mm s−1 wavefront velocity on local ignition. The reaction wavefront is captured using high speed videography. Calorimetry studies reveal two exothermic peaks suggesting Pt/Al alloy formation. The peak at 135 °C has a higher calorific value of 150 mW g−1 while the peak at 400 °C has a 12 mW g−1 exothermic peak. X‐ray diffraction study shows reaction‐products are cubic Al2Pt with small quantities of orthorhombic Al6Pt and orthorhombic AlPt2. Electron microscopy studies help draw a correlation between film morphology, bimetallic interface, nanoparticle oxidation, and self‐propagating reaction kinetics that is significant in broadening our understanding towards nanoparticulate reactive systems.
Bienzymatic Generation of Interpenetrating Polymer Networked Engineered Living Materials with Shape Changing Properties
Authors: Klemperer R. George , Shannon Mark R. , Ross Anderson J. L. , Perriman Adam W.
Published: July 2023

The synthesis of a porous shape‐changing interpenetrating network (IPN) bioink for the fabrication of large‐scale (cm) reversibly thermosensitive structures is described. The poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) IPN is generated in situ within an ionically crosslinked alginate hydrogel at room temperature and under aerobic conditions using a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/glucose oxidase (GOx) bienzymatic initiation system. Mechanical testing assessment of the IPN hydrogels confirm mechanical reinforcement via covalent single network interdigitation. Furthermore, the thermosensitive bioink can be used to print biohybrid reactors containing genetically engineered phosphotriesterase‐expressing E. coli capable of hydrolyzing toxic organophosphorus compounds. Herein, increasing the bioink pore size using the contractile‐thermosensitive response of the IPN improves the temperature‐dependent theoretical mass‐transfer‐limited enzyme catalyzed reaction rate, providing a plausible route to externally regulated enzymatic catalysis within bioprinted structures.
Direct Ink Writing of Nanocellulose and PEDOT:PSS for Flexible Electronic Patterned and Supercapacitor Papers
Authors: Lay Makara , Say Mehmet Girayhan , Engquist Isak
Published: July 2023

Printed electronic paper identifies its interest in flexible organic electronics and sustainable and clean energy applications because of its straightforward production method, cost‐effectiveness, and positive environmental impact. However, current limitations include restricted material thickness and the use of supporting substrate for printing. Here, 2D and 3D electronic patterned paper are fabricated from direct ink writing (DIW) nanocellulose and PEDOT:PSS‐based materials using syringe deposition and 3D printing. The conductor patterns are integrated in the bulk of the paper, while non‐conductive sections are used as support to form free‐standing paper. The strong interface between the patterns of electronic patterned paper gives mechanical stability for practical handling. The conductive paper‐based electrode has 202 S cm−1 and is capable of handling electric current up to 0.7 A, which can be used for high‐power devices. Printed supercapacitor papers show high specific energy of 4.05 Wh kg−1, specific power of 4615 W kg−1 at 0.06 A g−1, and capacitance retention above 95% after 2000 cycles. The new design structure of electronic patterned papers presents a solution for additive manufacturing of paper‐based composites for supercapacitors, wearable electronics, or sensors for smart packaging.
A Novel Al–Cu Composite with Ultra‐High Strength at 350 °C via Dual‐Phase Particle Reinforced Submicron‐Structure
Authors: Xie Kewei , Nie Jinfeng , Liu Chang , Cha Wenhao , Wu Ge , Liu Xiangfa , Liu Sida
Published: July 2023

Thermal stability determines a material's ability to maintain its performance at desired service temperatures. This is especially important for aluminum (Al) alloys, which are widely used in the commercial sector. Herein, an ultra‐strong and heat‐resistant Al‐Cu composite is fabricated with a structure of nano‐AlN and submicron‐Al2O3 particles uniformly distributed in the matrix. At 350 °C, the (8.2AlN+1Al2O3)p/Al‐0.9Cu composite achieves a high strength of 187 MPa along with a 4.6% ductility under tension. The high strength and good ductility benefit from strong pinning effect on dislocation motion and grain boundary sliding by uniform dispersion of nano‐AlN particles, in conjunction with the precipitation of Guinier–Preston (GP) zones, enhancing strain hardening capacity during plastic deformation. This work can expand the selection of Al–Cu composites for potential applications at service temperatures as high as ≈350 °C.
Perspective on the Preparation Methods of Single Crystalline High Nickel Oxide Cathode Materials
Authors: Zhou Weidong , Huang Hao , Liu Xiaohang , Gao Jian , Hao Shu‐meng , Yang Yong , Qiu Jieshan
Published: July 2023

Li(NixCoyMnz)O2 (x + y + z = 1, NCM), as one of the most dominant cathode materials in electric vehicle (EV) batteries, faces the challenges of poor cycling stability and safety concerns with the increase of Ni content and charge/discharge capacity. Single crystalline NCM (SC‐NCM) materials have been developed to mitigate these challenges, owing to their lower surface areas, fewer grain boundaries, and better morphological stability. Here, the preparation strategies of SC‐NCM are summarized, including continuous high‐temperature sintering (CHTS), molten salt method, pulse high‐temperature sintering (PHTS), and controllable growth with special orientations or sizes. CHTS produces irregular SC‐NCM particles, but is accompanied by Li‐volatilization and agglomeration during long‐term sintering. The molten salt helps to lower calcination temperature and generate well‐defined crystalline material, but generally causes large capacity loss due to the Li/H exchange in the following water rinsing procedure. To address the above challenges, the PHTS strategy has recently been recently proposed, which mitigates Li‐loss through shortened high‐temperature stage and avoids further water rinsing steps. For improving the C‐rate performance, controllable crystal growth with specific sizes and crystal orientations is highly desired, which calls for further investigation and upgrading of current large‐scale preparation technology.
Soil total carbon and nitrogen under long‐term perennial bioenergy crops receiving various nitrogen fertilization rates
Authors: Sainju Upendra M. , Allen Brett L. , Lenssen Andrew W.
Published: July 2023

Perennial crops may sequester greater soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) than annual crops due to higher root biomass production, but the potential of long‐term cultivation of perennial bioenergy crops receiving various N fertilization rates in sequestering C and N needs further exploration. Soil samples (0–120 cm) collected from 2009 to 2019 under perennial bioenergy crops receiving various N fertilization rates and an annual crop were analyzed for soil total C (STC) and N (STN) in the US northern Great Plains. Perennial bioenergy crops were intermediate wheatgrass (IW, Thinopyrum intermedium [Host] Barkworth and Dewey), smooth bromegrass (SB, Bromus inermis L.), and switchgrass (SG, Panicum virgatum L.); N fertilization rates were 0, 28, 56, and 84 kg N ha−1, and annual crop was spring wheat (WH, Triticum aestivum, L.). The STC increased, but STN decreased by soil depth, regardless of treatments and years. At 0–120 cm, IW sequestered C at 10.6 Mg C ha−1 year−1 compared with 5.4–6.8 Mg C ha−1 year−1 for SB and SG from 2009 to 2019. Nitrogen fertilization rate had limited effect on STC and STN. At 0–30 cm, STC was 2.0–5.4 Mg C ha−1 greater and STN 0.10–0.24 Mg N ha−1 greater with perennial bioenergy crops than WH. Long‐term cultivation of IW can sequester more C in the soil to a greater depth than SB and SG and perennial bioenergy crops can sequester more C and N at the surface layer than an annual crop in the semiarid region of the US northern Great Plains.
Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant nab‐paclitaxel plus gemcitabine therapy in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: A multicenter single‐arm phase II study (NAC‐GA trial)
Authors: Okada Ken‐ichi , Kimura Kenjiro , Yamashita Yo‐Ichi , Shibuya Kazuto , Matsumoto Ippei , Satoi Sohei , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Kodera Yasuhiro , Akahori Takahiro , Hirono Seiko , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Asakuma Mitsuhiro , Tani Masaji , Hatano Etsuro , Ikoma Hisashi , Ohira Go , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Wan Ke , Shimokawa Toshio , Kawai Manabu , Yamaue Hiroki ,   The NAC‐GA investigators
Published: July 2023

Background

Nab‐paclitaxel plus gemcitabine is a standard treatment for metastatic/locally advanced pancreatic cancer. The effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy with nab‐paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (GnP‐NAT) in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) remains unclear.

Patients and Methods

This single‐arm phase II trial included 61 patients with BRPC that were treated with two cycles of GnP‐NAT, (nab‐paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2), on days 1, 8, and 15 over a 4‐week period, which comprised one cycle. The primary endpoint was overall survival time. In the absence of disease progression, patients underwent planned pancreatectomy.

Results

Median overall survival, the primary endpoint, was 25.2 months, and the median recurrence‐free survival was 12.3 months. The overall rate of grade 3/4 events was 73.8%. One patient, who had a history of radiation therapy for past esophageal cancer, died from exacerbation via pneumonia. The overall resection rate was 73.8% (n = 45), and the R0 resection rate was 63.9% (n = 39). Overall, postoperative complications were found in 19 patients (42%) with 24 events, and nine patients (20%) with nine events ≥ grade IIIa, based on Dindo's classification.

Conclusions

This protocol treatment is thought to be a feasible, safe, and promising treatment regimen, but we caution against its use in patients with a history of interstitial lung disease and/or prior pulmonary irradiation. The survival data from this study suggest the need for further investigations of GnP‐NAT efficacy in patients with BRPC, as well as prospective evaluation of adverse events.

Clinical Trial Registration

UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000024154 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02926183.
A Review on High‐Frequency Dielectric Elastomer Actuators: Materials, Dynamics, and Applications
Authors: Tang Chao , Du Boyuan , Jiang Songwen , Wang Zhong , Liu Xin-Jun , Zhao Huichan
Published: July 2023

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) as a typical class of electroactive polymers have been developed rapidly in the last two decades due to their advantages such as large strain, high energy density, and fast response. The high‐frequency characteristics of DEAs enable them to be applied in a wider range of fields. In this review, the high‐frequency (>10 Hz) characteristics and applications of DEAs are focused on. The basic concepts and metrics for high‐frequency DEAs are first given. Next, the commercial and synthesized dielectric and electrode materials of DEAs used in high‐frequency applications are reviewed. Following materials, strategies for extending the lifetime of DEAs are introduced. Subsequently, the dynamic modeling approaches for DEAs are presented, considering damping, inertia, and the electrical loss. Building on the fundamental research, some important applications are summarized based on the high‐frequency motions of DEAs including loudspeakers, active vibration suppression, pumps/valves, haptic devices, and high‐speed mobile robots. Finally, the conclusions and future perspectives are given. This review will give readers a clearer understanding of how to design and use high‐frequency DEAs.
Natural history, predictors of development of extramedullary disease, and treatment outcomes for patients with extramedullary multiple myeloma
Authors: Zanwar Saurabh , Ho Matthew , Lin Yi , Kapoor Prashant , Binder Moritz , Buadi Francis K. , Dispenzieri Angela , Dingli David , Fonder Amie , Gertz Morie A. , Gonsalves Wilson , Hayman Suzanne R. , Hwa Yi , Hobbs Miriam , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Lacy Martha Q. , Leung Nelson , Muchtar Eli , Warsame Rahma , Jevremovic Dragan , Kyle Robert A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Kumar Shaji
Published: July 2023

Extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMM) can present either at initial diagnosis (de novo) or at disease relapse (secondary) and confers an aggressive clinical course. Limited data exist for choosing the optimal therapy for EMM and this remains an area of unmet clinical need. After excluding paraskeletal multiple myeloma and primary plasma cell leukemia, we identified 204 (68%) patients with secondary EMM and 95 (32%) with de novo EMM between January 01, 2000 and 31 December, 2021. The median overall survival (OS) was 0.7 (95% CI: 0.6–0.9) years for secondary EMM and 3.6 (95%CI: 2.4–5.6) years for de novo EMM. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) with initial therapy was 2.9 months (95% CI: 2.4–3.2 months) for secondary EMM and 12.9 months (95% CI: 6.7–18 months) for de novo EMM. Patients with secondary EMM treated with CAR‐T therapy (n = 20) achieved a partial response (PR) or better in 75% with a median PFS of 4.9 months (3.1 months‐not reached; NR). Patients with EMM treated with bispecific antibodies (n = 12) achieved a ≥ PR in 33%, with a median PFS of 2.9 months (95%CI: 2.2 months‐NR). In a matched cohort, multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated younger age at diagnosis, 1q duplication, and t(4;14) at diagnosis of MM to be independent predictors of development of secondary EMM. Presence of EMM was independently associated with inferior OS in the matched cohorts for both de novo (HR 2.9 [95% CI: 1.6–5.4], p = .0007) and secondary EMM (HR 1.5 [95% CI: 1.1–2], p = .001).
Do work–family conflict or family–work conflict mediate relationships between work‐related hazards and stress and pain?
Authors: Weale Victoria , Lambert Katrina A. , Graham Melissa , Stuckey Rwth , Oakman Jodi
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Previous research has identified associations between work–family conflict (WFC) and health outcomes (e.g., musculoskeletal pain). This study investigated whether WFC and family–work conflict explain relationships between exposure to work‐related hazards and musculoskeletal pain and stress for workers undertaking some or all of their work at home. Possible differences by home workspace location were also explored.

Methods

Longitudinal survey data were collected from workers in Australia engaged in work from home for at least two days per week. Data was collected at four timepoints approximately 6 months apart (Baseline [October 2020] n = 897; Wave 1 [May/June 2021] n = 368; Wave 2 [October/November 2021] n = 336; Wave 3 [May 2022] n = 269). Subjective measures of work‐related psychosocial hazards, occupational sitting and physical activity, musculoskeletal pain, and stress were collected via an online questionnaire. Mediation analyses were conducted using the R package “mediation.” Analyses were also conducted with the data set stratified by home office location, using R version 4.1.3.

Results

Both WFC and family–work conflict acted as mediators between psychosocial work‐related hazards and musculoskeletal pain and stress. WFC mediated more relationships than family–work conflict. Location of home workspace was important, particularly for those working in a space at home where they may be subject to interruptions.

Conclusion

Addressing WFC is a legitimate means through which musculoskeletal pain and stress can be reduced. Organizational risk management strategies need to address all work‐related risks, including those stemming from work‐life interaction.
Solvent‐Dependent Etherification of 4‐Hydroxycoumarins with Diazo Esters under Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Yang Zixian , Wu Xian , Xiang Chengli , Yu Jin‐Tao , Pan Changduo
Published: July 2023

A visible‐light‐promoted O−H functionalization of 4‐hydroxycoumarins with α‐diazo esters was developed for the synthesis of 4‐hydroxycoumarin ethers under photocatalyst‐free conditions. Moreover, the three‐component reaction of 4‐hydroxycoumarins, α‐diazo esters and THF formed a series of 4‐hydroxycoumarin ether derivatives with alkoxyl spacers in yields up to 91%. The above mentioned solvent‐dependent carbene insertion transformations were conducted under extremely mild conditions with the tolerance of moisture and oxygen.
Factors associated with the outcome of patients with COVID‐19 requiring mechanical ventilation: A single‐center observational study in Japan
Authors: Deguchi Ryo , Nishimura Tetsuro , Matsuo Kenji , Wakita Fumiaki , Kawamoto Akihiro , Uchida Kenichiro , Yamamoto Hiromasa , Yamada Koichi , Kakeya Hiroshi , Fujii Hiromichi , Shibata Toshihiko , Mizobata Yasumitsu
Published: July 2023

Aim

Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) spread worldwide, and was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Despite numerous studies in the last few years, the factors associated with the outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 requiring mechanical ventilation remain unclear. The prediction of ventilator weaning and mortality using the data obtained at the time of intubation could be beneficial for establishing appropriate treatment strategies and obtaining informed consent. In this study, we aimed to clarify the association between patient information at the time of intubation and the outcomes of intubated COVID‐19 patients.

Methods

This retrospective observational study used single‐center data from patients with COVID‐19. Patients with COVID‐19 who were admitted to Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital from April 1, 2020, to March 31, 2022, and under mechanical ventilation were included. The main outcome was defined as the factors related to ventilator weaning; a multivariate analysis was carried out to evaluate the association between patient information at the time of intubation and the outcome.

Results

In total, 146 patients were included in this study. The factors significantly associated with ventilator weaning were age (65–74 years old, adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.168; 75 years and older, adjusted OR, 0.121), vaccination history (adjusted OR, 5.655), and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) respiration score (adjusted OR, 0.007) at the time of intubation.

Conclusion

Age, SOFA respiration score, and COVID‐19 vaccination history at the time of intubation could be associated with outcomes in patients with COVID‐19 requiring mechanical ventilation.
Bonding and Acidity of the Formal Hydride in the Prototypical Au9(PPh3)8H2+ Nanocluster
Authors: Hernández Hanna Morales , Sun Qiwei , Rosati Matthew , Gieseking Rebecca L. M. , Johnson Christopher J.
Published: July 2023

The role of hydrogen atoms as surface ligands on metal nanoclusters is of profound importance but remains difficult to directly study. While hydrogen atoms often appear to be incorporated formally as hydrides, evidence suggests that they donate electrons to the cluster's delocalized superatomic orbitals and may consequently behave as acidic protons that play key roles in synthetic or catalytic mechanisms. Here we directly test this assertion for the prototypical Au9(PPh3)8H2+ nanocluster, formed by addition of a hydride to the well‐characterized Au9(PPh3)83+. Using gas‐phase infrared spectroscopy, we were able to unambiguously isolate Au9(PPh3)8H2+ and Au9(PPh3)8D2+, revealing an Au−H stretching mode at 1528 cm−1 that shifts to 1038 cm−1 upon deuteration. This shift is greater than the maximum expected for a typical harmonic potential, suggesting a potential governing cluster‐H bonding that has some square‐well character consistent with the hydrogen nucleus behaving as a metal atom in the cluster core. Complexing this cluster with very weak bases reveals a redshift of 37 cm−1 in the Au−H vibration, consistent with those typically seen for moderately acidic groups in gas phase molecules and providing an estimate of the acidity of Au9(PPh3)8H2+, at least with regard to its surface reactivity.
Pond basin colonization by terrestrial vegetation indicates wetland deterioration
Authors: Díaz‐Paniagua C. , Ramírez‐Soto M. , Aragonés D.
Published: July 2023

Efforts to conserve the pond network in the Doñana National Park are being threatened by groundwater overexploitation. The dramatic expansion of farming and tourism in nearby areas has caused a severe lowering of the water table, reducing pond hydroperiod length or even instigating pond desiccation. It is important to document the link between groundwater abstraction and pond deterioration with a view to decreasing human pressures on the park and preserving the pond network's singular biodiversity.

Here, the gradual deterioration of one of the network's main ponds is described in detail by characterizing vegetation patterns within the pond's basin using orthophotos taken between 1956 and 2019.

In the earliest images, the pond contained a wide central area of bare soil during its dry phase. This area was surrounded by reeds and had a line of Tamarix canariensis trees along its southern edge. Starting in 2000, the orthophotos showed the pond's gradual colonization by terrestrial vegetation. In tandem, pond hydroperiod decreased, as did the length of time the pond retained certain depths of water. In recent years, Tamarix trees finally fully invaded the pond's central area, which is surrounded by reeds and has scattered terrestrial bushes and pines.

This invasion resulted from the pond's sparse inundation over recent decades, being the cover of trees related to the depth of groundwater, and is a clear sign of pond deterioration. More broadly, colonization by terrestrial vegetation has been observed in approximately 60% of the network's ponds.

Colonization of temporary pond basins by terrestrial vegetation can be used as an indicator of deterioration and highlights the need for active restoration and management.