bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the AquaCrop soil module on the estimation of soybean and maize crop yield in the State of Parana, Brazil
Authors: Moretti de Souza Jorge Luiz , Kreutz Rosa Stefanie Lais , Piekarski Karla Regina , Yoiti Tsukahara Rodrigo
Published: May 2021

The values of the physical-water attributes of soils for use in agricultural simulation models are usually obtained using difficult and time-consuming methods. The objective of this study was to analyze the performance of the AquaCrop model to estimate soybean and maize crop productivity in the region of Campos Gerais (Brazil), with the option of including soil physical-water attributes in the model. Real crop productivities and input data (soil, climate, crop and soil management) were obtained from experimental stations of the ABC Foundation for the crop years 2006 to 2014. Sixty-four yield simulations were performed for soybean (four municipalities) and 42 for maize (three municipalities), evaluating input soil data scenarios of AquaCrop as follows: i) all soil physical-water attributes were measured (standard) and ii) the attributes were measured only using textural classification of the area (alternative). Real and simulated yields were verified by simple linear regression analyses and statistical indices (r, d, c). The standard scenario yielded performances between very good and excellent (0.75<c≤1.0) for soybean and between bad and excellent (0.40<c≤1.0) for maize. The alternative scenario was more variable, with performances between terrible and excellent (0.0<c≤1.0) for soybean and terrible and medium (0.0<c≤0.65) for maize. Using only the soil texture classification in AquaCrop indicated an easier way to estimate crop yields, but low performances may restrict estimates of soybean and maize yields in Campos Gerais.
Detection and molecular characterization of the cucumber mosaic virus in chili pepper (Capsicum spp. L.) crops
Authors: Rivera-Toro Diana Marcela , Vaca-Vaca Juan Carlos , López-López Karina
Published: May 2021

The chili pepper (Capsicum spp. L.) is a vegetable of economic importance that has been affected worldwide by the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), a pathogen that causes a devastating disease in this crop. The aim of this research was the detection and characterization of CMV in chili pepper crops in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Leaves of three chili pepper varieties (tabasco, cayenne and habanero) with viral symptoms were collected in four municipalities of Valle del Cauca. Total RNA was purified and a fragment of capsid protein (CP) from CMV was amplified by RT‑PCR. Then, it was sequenced and bioinformatically analyzed, and from these sequences, specific primers were designed. From 71 chili pepper samples collected in Palmira, Yumbo, Vijes and Yotoco, 37 were positive for CMV (52.1%). The CMV chili pepper sequence analysis showed that they had their highest identity (98.5%) with a CMV isolated from bananas in Ecuador. Specific primers designed for CMV chili pepper showed greater sensitivity for detecting this virus (64.7% vs. 52.1%). The CMV chili pepper CP analysis indicated that it could be transmitted by the species Aphis gossypii. This r the first time, the molecular characterization of CMV in three chili pepper varieties.
Effects of pre-sowing treatments with allelopathic plant extracts on tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) seedling emergence and performance
Authors: Mavi Kazım , Uzunoğlu Fulya
Published: May 2021

Seeds of the tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) were treated with allelopathic plant extracts: ferula gum (FER, 0.2 g gum L-1, 25°C, 24 h), lantana petal extract (LAN, 4 g dried petal L-1, 25°C, 24 h) and marigold petal extract (TAG, 4 g dried petal L-1, 25°C, 24 h) along with an untreated control to determine the effect of these extracts on seedling emergence and performance. The pre-sowing influence of the allelopathic extracts (FER, LAN and TAG) on the emergence percentage (%), mean emergence time (days), emergence index, coefficient of velocity of emergence (%), seedling length (cm), seedling fresh weight (mg), seedling dry weight (mg), and stimulatory allelopathic index (%) was investigated in tree tomato seeds. The results revealed that pre-sowing treatment with the studied allelopathic plant extracts showed higher seedling emergence and performance. The greatest advantage of the pre-sowing treatment was observed in the TAG treatment. Allelopathic TAG treatment resulted in 15% higher seedling emergence rates, 3.3 d faster mean emergence time, 153 mg heavier seedling weights, and higher emergence index compared to untreated seeds. In addition, the effect of allelopathic FER and LAN treatments was better than the control.
Agricultural infrastructure as the driver of emerging farmers’ income in South Africa. A stochastic frontier approach
Authors: Mazibuko Ndumiso , Antwi Michael , Rubhara Theresa
Published: May 2021

A stochastic frontier model was applied to cross-sectional data to examine whether availability and accessibility of agricultural infrastructure for emerging farmers enhance their agricultural income through efficiency gains. Using a stratified sampling approach, the study grouped the farmers into two; those who had agricultural infrastructure and those who did not have it. Through a survey, data collected from a sample of 150 smallholder farmers in the study area were analyzed using the frontier model. The explanatory variables that were statistically significant and which influenced the agricultural income of the emerging farmers in the study area included the following: equipment, social, institutional availability and physical accessibility indices, education, access to agricultural extension services, age of farmers, assistance of household members in farming, membership in farmers’ organizations, and marital status of the farmers. Informed policies aimed at improving the income of smallholder farmers might consider the results of the explanatory variables included in this study.
Co- digestión anaerobia de la fracción orgánica de residuos sólidos urbanos y su lixiviado.
Authors: Benitez Fonseca Mabelin , Abalos Rodríguez Arelis , Rodríguez Pérez Suyen
Published: May 2021

Los residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU), al ser vertidos sin tratamiento adecuado, ocasionan daños severos al ambiente influyendo en la calidad de vida de la población, razón por la cual actualmente se le presta atención diferenciada al vertido de residuos urbanos. En este trabajo se evalúa la fracción orgánica de estos residuos (FORSU), tomando como referencia el grupo poblacional de una de las Residencias estudiantiles de la Universidad de Oriente. La generación de FORSU en la residencia es de 0,06 kg/hab/día, con un contenido de sólidos totales de 30,9 ± 5,3 % de los cuáles el 81,7 ± 0,6 % son sólidos volátiles. Se evalúa el funcionamiento de un reactor en lote de lecho escurrido, que permitió un tratamiento discontinuo e in situ de la FORSU, en codigestión anaerobia con un 25 % de estiércol vacuno en una primera etapa. También se evalúa, en una segunda etapa, el tratamiento anaerobio para los lixiviados que se generan en el reactor en lote, empleando un reactor UASB. En el reactor en lote se alcanzó una remoción de sólidos volátiles del 44,1 %, mientras que en el reactor UASB se removió un 81,2 % de DQO. Como resultado del sistema de tratamiento evaluado, se alcanzó una productividad total de 5,37 LCH4·kgSV-1·d-1.
RESEARCH OF THE TEMPERATURE CONDITION OF THE GAS GENERATOR OF SOLID PROPELLANT AT THE STAND TEST BY THE METHOD OF THERMAL IMAGING
Authors:   Perm Military Institute of National Guard Forces, Mormul Roman , Merzlyakov Sergey ,   PJSC “Research and Production Association “Iskra”
Published: May 2021

In this article, the authors described in detail the methodology for conducting fire bench tests for the reusable experimental design of a solid propellant (SP) gas generator, specially designed to study the complex laws of heat and mass transfer under conditions of unsteady combustion of SP during operation of the installation and in the after-treatment mode. The developed technique allows us to study the nonlinear dynamics of temperature field changes, fuel and generator gas consumption, as well as its composition. The paper presents the chronology of the research, describes the used measuring equipment. Based on the carried out thermodynamic analysis of working processes in the combustion chamber of the gas generator under study, an algorithm for the optimal determination of its operating characteristics is proposed. The methodology of experimental studies of the thermal state of the design of the TT gas generator is universal and can be successfully used in working out other gas generating solid fuels with various energy characteristics during the optimal design of special technical systems such as solid propellant rocket motors (the approbation of the methodology is given on the example of an experimental design with a rotating nozzle), emergency rescue systems and aircraft engines. The results of studies of the thermal state of the elements of the TT gas generator by thermal imaging are well verified with the readings of temperature field sensors.
SIMULATION OF DYNAMICS OF THE SWIVEL CONTROL NOZZLE WITH DOUBLE ELASTIC JOINT
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Zaytsev Nikolay , Bondarenko Andrey ,   PJSC “Research and Production Association “Iskra”, Pyankov Dmitriy ,   PJSC “Research and Production Association “Iskra”,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: May 2021

In order to create control moments for the rocket, the design of modern solid propellant rocket engines uses swivel control nozzles with elastic support joint. The disadvantage of such a joint as the nozzle suspension is the high joint torque, which determines the high requirements for power and effort of steering actuators. In order to reduce these requirements, it is possible to use the design of a swivel control nozzle with a double elastic joint, known as a nozzle with double elastic seal. This nozzle is not used due to its design and operational complexity, particularly due to its tendency to oscillatory processes, as it is a dynamic system with two degrees of freedom. In the article numerical simulation of dynamics of transient modes at deviations on demanded angles of a swivel control nozzle with double elastic joint is considered. For this purpose the approximate nonlinear mathematical model of dynamics of this nozzle constructed by the Lagrange method is used. The results of numerical simulation of transients in the open loop channel of nozzle movement control at abruptly apply the constant effort of steering actuator are given. It is given the method of determination the values of rotation angles of the moving parts of a nozzle and the effort of a steering actuators corresponding to the required angle of rotation of the nozzle. For the given values of the design characteristics of the nozzle and the layout parameters of the nozzle-steering actuators system by numerical simulation it is established that an acceptable oscillation of transients for the nozzle with a double elastic joint can be achieved by increasing the viscosity resistance coefficients in its suspension. Significant influence on damping of oscillations in transient modes of dynamics of the swivel control nozzle of its damping joint moments is also shown.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE DYNAMICS OF INTRA-CHAMBER PROCESSES IN A ROCKET ENGINE FOR MOBILE COMPLEXES WITH A MULTI-TURRET POWDER CHARGE
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Egorov Mikhail , Gorodnev Vitaliy ,   JSC "Scientific-Research Institute of Polymer Materials", Egorov Dmitry ,   JSC "Scientific-Research Institute of Polymer Materials", Egorov Sergey ,   JSC "Scientific-Research Institute of Polymer Materials"
Published: May 2021

A solid-fuel rocket engine is a complex technical system in which a number of interrelated non – stationary and substantially nonlinear physical and chemical processes simultaneously occur. The type of SFRE under consideration has its own problems and design features. To optimize the parameters of a rocket engine, we study the dynamics of its internal processes. The research method is to set up a computational experiment. We consider the conjugate statement of the problem, which includes: triggering of the ignition device; – heating, ignition and subsequent unsteady and turbulent combustion of the powder charge; – unsteady threedimensional shock wave and a vortex of homogeneous-heterogeneous flow of air and products of combustion in the combustion chamber, nozzle block and launchers unit; – depressurization of the combustion chamber and the subsequent departure of the stub nozzle block. Each of the subtasks is considered in a relationship and resolved simultaneously - at a single time step. As a result of researches it is established that when triggered, the solid-propellant in the combustion chamber is implemented by an abnormal process associated with the segregation of the combustion mode of multi-turret powder charge. The results of numerical calculations are presented, on the basis of which constructive measures are developed to eliminate this undesirable effect.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF BOMBINED ROLLERS TO REDUCE THE CONTACT TENSIONS IN THE ROLLER BEARING
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Popova Diana , Samoylenko Nikita ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Semenov Sergey ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Shisterov Viacheslav ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: May 2021

The main problem of using roller bearings with direct forming rolling elements in highly loaded units is the edge effect. A significant increase of stresses at the edges of the rolling elements is the cause of the fragility of highly loaded roller bearings, which is a significant problem, especially in such units as rotors of aircraft engines. The solution of this problem in aviation is the use of rolling elements with a modified contact - bombed rollers. This paper presents comparisons of the stress-strain state of contacts of pairs of bodies imitating bombarded rollers of various geometries. The calculation was performed by the finite element method in the ANSYS package. For the calculation, the contact of the roller with a flat plate was used. In the calculation, the stress-strain state of the roller with the direct forming, the roller with the rounding of the face and the bombed rollers with various shapes of the modified forming was evaluated. The calculation model is verified with respect to the classical Hertz formula. The dependence of stresses in the concentration zone on the relative dimensions of the bombarded part of the roller with a standard generator representing an arc of a circle is estimated. A form of the generatrix is proposed, which more effectively reduces stresses in the transition zone of the modified generatrix into the straight line. The proposed form of the generatrix eliminates the main drawback of the classical generatrix of the bombarded rollers - the appearance of a concentration zone in the transition region of the straight part of the roller to the bombed, thus providing a better stress distribution in the roller. The technique used to simulate the contact interaction of rolling elements in a roller bearing can be used to study the stress-strain state of roller bearings of a different geometry, including those used in modern gas turbine engines.
DIAGNOSTICS OF A GAS TURBINE ENGINE WITH LOCALIZATION OF DEFECTS IN ITS NODES
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev – KAI, Heersh Saleem Ahmed Ahmed , Osipov Boris ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev – KAI
Published: May 2021

Drawing up adequate mathematical models of the studied objects for computer-aided design systems is quite difficult. To increase the reliability of a decision made using mathematical models, you can, in particular, by specifying the parameters of the models based on the results of the experiment (identification). There are a number of identification, methods that differ by the adequacy criterion is using and is basing on different a priori information. When choosing the identification method, it is necessary to take into account the complexity of obtaining sufficiently complete experimental information during tests. Due to the lack of information in the identification process, there is objectively a whole range of possible solutions (a set of combinations of values of variable parameters) with an acceptable value of the adequacy criterion. Finding the minimum is a computationally difficult task (very elongated "gullies"), but a more serious problem is that the solution is potentially unstable relative to the features of the experimental data (the position of the minimum can shift markedly with a small change in the original data). In this case, it is necessary to use special mathematical methods for solving such incorrect problems, which allow us to obtain stable estimates of variable parameters. Analysis of the methods has shown the feasibility of using the method of ridge estimates with certain improvements. Experience with the program has confirmed that the method works. Preliminary processing of the received information carried out by excluding gross measurement errors and bringing the measured parameters to the same flight conditions and to the same mode. In most methods, the measured parameters adjusted to standard atmospheric conditions using the average throttle characteristics obtained during bench tests of several engines of this series.
EFFECT OF FRICTION ON VIBRATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ROTOR SYSTEM DURING ROTOR-STATOR INTERACTION
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Kurakin Anton
Published: May 2021

Systems operation which include rotating elements in certain cases is associated with occurrence of contact between the rotating parts (rotor) and the stationary parts (stator). There were cases then rotor-stator interaction led to damage or to complete unit destruction. For this reason, rotor-stator interaction is one of the main problem of rotor systems exploitation. The main aim of the work is to gather detail data about effect of friction on vibrational characteristics of rotor system during rotor-stator interaction. In this article the experimental investigation method and experimental investigation of dynamic behavior of rotor during rotor-stator interaction is presented. The analysis of experimental data obtained during interaction between steel rotor and stator made of aluminum, bronze and PTFE is presented. All results with rotor-stator contact and without were compared by using Campbell diagrams, orbits and frequency responses. Analysis of experimental data shows that friction has strong effect on vibrational characteristics of rotor system during rotor-stator interaction. According to friction ratio three kinds of vibrational characteristics of rotor system are distinguished: forward slipping if friction coefficient is small, backward rolling if friction coefficient is big, vibratory impact motion if friction coefficient has intermediate value. Created experimental method and gathered data about rotor dynamics during rotor-stator contact can be used for verification and tuning of mathematical models.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF PULSE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ON THE HEALING OF DAMAGE IN ZINC
Authors:   Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kukudzhanov Konstantin , Chentsov Alexander ,   Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of an experiment on short-term pulse high-energy electromagnetic treatment of zinc samples in order to study the healing of micropores and microcracks inside the material. The article presents the test procedures used in experiments, results and microstructural analysis of the samples. The hypothesis is confirmed that pulse EM treatment in zinc lead to decrease in damage (porosity) of the material, up to the complete healing of some defects by welding the edges of microcracks with molten metal.
NUMERICAL THERMAL MODEL OF AN INCANDESCENT LAMP FOR SATELLITES TESTING
Authors:   Joint-Stock Company “Space Rocket Center “Progress”, Kulikov Dmitriy
Published: May 2021

In the present article the author gives the results work to create a numerical thermal model of infrared (IR) emitter on the base of tubular halogen lamp (THL) KGT-220-1300, as one of the elements of the equipment used when conducting thermal vacuum tests (TVT) of satellites. As a tool to solve complex problem of heat transfer used software Thermal Model Generator. Variants of calculations for the operation of the lamp at different voltages are carried out. The results of mathematical modeling using band approximation of the properties of the system elements in combination with the Monte Carlo method in solving the problem of heat exchange by radiation showed high efficiency. The performed analysis of the correctness of the results showed good convergence with the data of previous experiments on measuring the temperature of the quartz bulb, which confirms the reliability of the results. Getting a high-quality model of this type at the disposal of satellite thermal engineer is an important step in the complex work aimed at conducting end-to-end mathematical modeling of satellite thermal design, and will also solve a number of issues related to the methodological support of TVT, their implementation and optimization.
DEVICE FOR MEASURING FRACTIONAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF NON-VOLATILE PARTICLES IN GTE EMISSION PRODUCTS
Authors:   JSC “UEC-Aviadvigatel”, Sazhenkov Aleksey , Sipatov Aleksey ,   JSC “UEC-Aviadvigatel”, Tsatiashvili Vakhtang ,   JSC “UEC-Aviadvigatel”, Abramchuk Taras ,   JSC “UEC-Aviadvigatel”, Petrov Aleksandr ,   Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion named after V.V. Voevodsky, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kozlov Aleksandr ,   Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion named after V.V. Voevodsky, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Panchenko Mikhail ,   Institute of Atmospheric Optics named after V.E. Zuev, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2021

Intensive growth of air transport provides increasing in hazardous substances emission in the atmosphere. Among such emissions also are nano-particulates specific with high- surface area and sometimes high non-uniformity resulting in high concentration of radical centers on the surface and therefore in high reactivity and high toxic properties. Negative influence of high-dispersive aerosols emitted by aviation engines and gas turbine electric power units on human health, environmental quality and climatic changes makes the question about particular matter emission restrictions imposition being an object of careful attention from regulatory organizations. In April 2016 the tenth meeting of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP/10) took place where a first of its kind non-volatile Particulate Matter engine emissions standard which will apply to engines, manufactured from 1 January 2020 were proposed. In the article the experimental equipment characteristics and experimental investigation results of chemical and fractional composition of particular matter in size ranges from 10 to 1100 nm for aviation engine combustion products are presented. Researches were performed at high performance test bench for civil aviation engines combustors tests using dedicated equipment for real-time fractional composition measurements. Compositional analysis of probes collected on filter was performed in laboratory way.
FLOW SIMULATION OVER REENTRY CAPSULE AT SUPERSONIC AND HYPERSONIC SPEEDS. THE COMPARE BETWEEN TWO REENTRY CAPSULES. PART 2
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev – KAI, Timofeev Pavel
Published: May 2021

This study is a continuation of the first part “Flow simulation over reentry capsule at supersonic and hypersonic speeds. The comparison between two reentry capsules. Part 1”. This study presents a comparison between two reentry capsules, which are made in Russia. Numerical algorithms solve for the CFD method, which is produced using help ANSYS Fluent 19.2. The using GPU core to get a solution faster. The main purpose – flow simulation and numerical analysis two tips reentry capsule understand the behavior of supersonic and hypersonic flow and its effect on the reentry capsule; compare temperature results and compare drag coefficient for the range Mach numbers equals 2–6. This study showed results on velocity counters, on temperature counters and drag coefficient for range Mach numbers equals 2–6. This study demonstrates the importance of understanding the effects of shock waves and illustrates how the shock wave changes as the Mach number increases. For every solves, the mesh had adapted for pressure gradient and velocity gradient to get the exact solution. As a result of the obtained solution, it is found that the “Prototype 2” reentry vehicle has a lower temperature a lateral surface, than the “Prototype 1”, but a higher temperature over the frontal segment at Mach number M = 6. A general trend has been observed, which is that the resistance drag coefficient decreases with increasing Mach number, which is associated with high height and low density and pressure values. The relevance and significance of this problem for the design of new and modernization of old reentry capsules.
Importance of sequential herbicide application in the control of Elephantopus mollis
Authors: Nunes Anderson Luis , Cazaroto Bruno , Rizzardi Mauro Antônio , Bianchi Mário Antonio , Costa Leandro Oliveira da , Merotto Junior Aldo
Published: May 2021

RESUMO: Popularmente conhecida como pata de elefante ou sussuaiá, Elephantopus mollis, é uma espécie que recentemente surgiu como uma planta daninha em lavouras de cultivos de grãos. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a sensibilidade diferencial de biótipos de E. mollis oriundos de áreas agrícolas e não agrícolas e determinar as melhores combinações de herbicidas aplicados em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento para o controle desta espécie. Foram realizados três experimentos. No experimento de sensibilidade diferencial foram utilizados dez herbicidas em dois biótipos em duas fases de desenvolvimento. O experimento de dose resposta foi conduzido com oito doses de sete herbicidas. O experimento a campo foi realizado em uma área que apresenta problemas com a planta daninha para validar os resultados dos experimentos anteriores. O biótipo oriundo de área agrícola apresentou menor sensibilidade aos herbicidas quando comparado ao biótipo oriundo de área não agrícola. Os herbicidas de contato inicialmente apresentam controle superior, mas logo a planta apresenta rebrote em função de gemas presentes no colo da planta. A aplicação isolada de 2,4-D com doses entre 1005 e 1675 g e.a ha-1 possui controle de 25%. Quando o 2,4-D é seguido da aplicação de paraquat (400 g i.a ha-1) o controle passa a ser entre 51 e 68%. O melhor tratamento para o controle de plantas desenvolvidas é a mistura de 2,4-D + glyphosate (1340 + 1080 g e.a ha-1) com aplicação sequencial de paraquat.
Fungi associated with Paspalum guenoarum seeds: their impact on physiology and control
Authors: Gasparetto Bruno Frosi , Radunz Lauri Lourenço , Lopes Rodrigo Ramos , Franke Lúcia Brandão , Martinelli José Antônio
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT: Of the natural pastures grown in southern Brazil, those of the genus Paspalum are the most important. One of the factors that hinder their cultivation is the availability of quality seeds, that are often compromised by the presence of fungi. This study determined the in vitro sensitivity of Paspalum guenoarum ecotype azulão seed-associated fungus to certain fungicides and to measure the efficiency of chemical treatments for fungal control and seed physiological performance. Bipolaris micropus, Epicoccum sorghinum, Curvularia geniculata and Fusarium incarnatum associated with seeds were tested in vitro against Carbendazim; Tiram, Fludioxonil; Metalaxil-M, Carboxina; Tiram and Tiofanato-metílico at 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 30 µg/mL. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (factorial 4 × 4 × 6). Qualitative variables were compared using the Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05) and quantitative variables were subjected to regression analysis. Carbendazim; Tiram and Fludioxonil; Metalaxil-M had the best fungicidal performances, each inhibiting three of the four fungi with LD50s below 1 µg/mL. Subsequently, these two fungicides were used alone or in combination in the in vivo test. A completely randomized design was used and the means were compared using the Tukey test (P < 0.05). The chemical treatment of the seeds resulted in improvement of five of the six evaluated physiological parameters. The identification of the primary fungi associated with Paspalum seeds reported in this research, as well as damage done to them, can be diminished using appropriate measures such as seed treatments.
Elaboration of mayonnaises containing landrace common bean flour as a partial egg yolk substitute
Authors: Alves Jamila dos Santos , Rodrigues Angela Souza , Moro Karine Inês Bolson , Boeira Caroline Pagnossim , Holkem Augusto Tasch , Roggia Isabel , Londero Patrícia Medianeira Grigoletto , Rosa Claudia Severo da
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT: Mayonnaise is one of the most consumed sauces in the world and beans have great technological functional properties. As a result, beans can be used in the production of mayonnaise as a partial substitute for egg yolk (EY), reducing cholesterol content, post-harvest losses and adding nutritional value to mayonnaise. This study evaluated the effect of the partial replacement of EY by landrace common bean flour (LCBF) on the parameters of rheology, chemical and physical composition of mayonnaise. Four mayonnaise formulations were developed: T1 (Standard), 100% egg yolk (EY); T2, 75% EY and 25% FFC; T3, 50% EY and 50% LCBF; T4, 25% EY and 75% LCBF. The partial substitution of EY for LCBF increased the protein content, decreased the content of lipids and cholesterol. The obtained mayonnaise continued to exhibit pseudoplastic behaviour, being a characteristic of non-Newtonian fluid. The water activity of the mayonnaise was not changed with the replacement of the partial of the egg yolk and the pH decreased during the storage. The substitution of EY can be carried out in quantities of up to 50% without prejudice to mayonnaise, the formulation with 50% substitution presented the best viscosity and remained stable, similar to the standard mayonnaise.
Bone alignment after minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of the tibia in dogs
Authors: Costa Junior Jose Sergio , Dreibi Rafael Manzini , Franco Guilherme Galhardo , Dias Luis Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves , Giuffrida Rogerio , Minto Bruno Watanabe
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT: This study assessed radiographically changes in tibial alignment in the frontal and sagittal planes in dogs that underwent minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) without the aid of image intensifiers. Radiographs of dogs with complete non-articular tibial fractures submitted to MIPO were included and evaluated, without the aid of a transoperative image intensifier and / or an association of implants. The tibial mechanical angles (mMPTA, mMDTA, mCaPTA and mCrDTA) were measured by three evaluators. The data obtained were compared with results from previously published studies. Twenty-seven animals were included in the study. The mean and standard deviation of the angular changes were as follows: mMPTA, 2.54° ± 3.10 (-1.1º to 8.7º); mMDTA, 0.03º ± 0.16 (-3.44º to 0.79º); mCaPTA, 37º ± 4.29 (-6.23º to 14.87º); and mCrDTA, 8.25° ± 5.53 (-0.2º to 17.28º). There was a negative correlation between “mCaPTA” and “mCrDTA”. MIPO of the tibia without using image intensifiers and implant association can potentially cause angular changes, which can lead to clinically relevant deformities after bone healing.
O paradoxo da função de partição
Authors: Sousa J. Ricardo de
Published: May 2021

A função de partição eletrônica para o átomo de hidrogênio será analisada, onde discutiremos o velho problema do paradoxo na mecânica estatística: a aparente divergência da função de partição, analisada primeiramente por Herzfeld em 1913. Este problema não tem sido discutido na maioria dos livros-texto de mecânica estatística, uma vez que não tem grande relevância no regime de baixas temperaturas (i. e., kBT ≪ εo ≃ 13,6 eV, onde εo é a energia de ionização). No regime de altas temperaturas (da ordem de 5000 K), esta contribuição é importante nos estudos da física dos plasmas, espectroscopia e astrofísica. Apresentaremos alguns métodos de truncamento da função de parti ção a fim de deixar a série finita, analisando o comportamento do calor espec ífico. Observamos que devido ao truncamento da série, o sistema terá níveis finitos e será refletido no comportamento tipo Schottkyno calor específico.
LÍNGUA E FASCISMO: CONFIGURAÇÕES DO OLHAR BARTHESIANO
Authors: LEAL Baktalaia de Lis Andrade
Published: May 2021

RESUMO A partir da declaração de Barthes, afirmando que a língua é fascista, este artigo de opinião realiza uma relação entre os modelos político-ideológicos dos movimentos nazifascistas e as características do conceito de língua barthesiana. As análises caminham pelo campo da filosofia da linguagem e metaforizam os espaços do leitor, autor, texto e contexto de forma a trazer uma reflexão provocativa aos momentos históricos e quadros políticos dos últimos 80 anos. Para esse exame, leva-se em conta teóricos do campo da linguagem como Rodman e Fromklin (1993), Rajagopalan (2003), Fiorin (2008); na esfera da historiografia dialoga-se com Casara (2017), Woolf (1974), Trevor-Roper (1974), além de outros autores que circundam esta investigação de forma relevante. A medida em que se reflete sobre as razões dos pensamentos totalitaristas e verifica-se sua aproximação com a língua-autoritária vislumbrada por Barthes, pode-se mais facilmente compreender como as relações humanas precisam, muitas vezes, ser humanizadas. Como resultado deste estudo, pode-se considerar que os lugares discursivos são capazes de gerar aprisionamento ou liberdade, podem propor o fascismo ou a democracia pela literatura, e tais análises precisam ser contempladas.
Do-not-resuscitate order in COVID-19 times: bioethics and professional ethics
Authors: Oliveira Hudson Carmo de , Sauthier Marta , Silva Marcelle Miranda da , Crespo Maria da Conceição Albernaz , Seixas Ana Paula Ribeiro , Campos Juliana Faria
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To reflect about the do-not-resuscitation order at COVID-19 in Brazil, under bioethical focus and medical and nursing professional ethics. Method: Reflection study based on the principlist bioethics of Beauchamps and Childress and in professional ethics, problematizing actions, and decisions of non-resuscitation in the pandemic. Results: It is important to consider the patient's clinic, appropriation of treatment goals for people with comorbidities, elderly people, with less chance of surviving to resuscitation, or less quality of life, with the palliative care team, to avoid dysthanasia, use of scarce resources and greater exposure of professionals to contamination. Conclusion: COVID-19 increased the vulnerabilities of professionals and patients, impacting professional decisions and conduct more widely than important values such as the restriction of freedom. It propelled the population in general to rethink ethical and bioethical values regarding life and death, interfering in decisions about them, supported by human dignity.
Covid-19 pandemic: experiences of mothers of infants who were born premature
Authors: Reichert Altamira Pereira da Silva , Guedes Anna Tereza Alves , Soares Anniely Rodrigues , Brito Paloma Karen Holanda , Dias Tayanne Kiev Carvalho , Santos Nathanielly Cristina Carvalho de Brito
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To learn the experiences of mothers of infants who were born premature in the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: Qualitative study based on the Bioecological Theory of Human Development, developed in a public maternity hospital in Paraíba, Brazil, between June and July 2020 with 21 mothers of infants who were born premature, through semi-structured interview. The data were submitted to inductive thematic analysis. Results: Mothers know the measures for prevention, transmission, and symptoms of the disease, as reported in the media, but have different perceptions about social isolation. Their experiences were permeated by financial difficulties, reduced social support and emotional stress. Final considerations: It is recommended to monitor child health and provide social support to the mother-child binomial remotely, so that there is no break in the continuity of the bond and care for the family in this moment of vulnerability.
Material investigations to facilitate the applicability of microwave radar to energy-related wall structure analysis
Authors: Gorzalka Philip , Haas Alexander , Golubeva Galina , Estevam Schmiedt Jacob , Peichl Markus , Hoffschmidt Bernhard
Published: May 2021

Existing buildings often have low energy efficiency standards. For the preparation of retrofits, reliable high-quality data about built-in materials is required. Contactless measuring technologies, especially microwave radar, have the potential to enable an easy-to-apply and automatable way to analyse the structures and thermal properties of existing building walls, but the relationship between materials, their thermal properties, and their electromagnetic properties, such as the permittivity, is needed for its application. This article presents an analysis of the relationship between electromagnetic and thermal properties for a variety of building materials. Systematic measurements were performed for samples (burnt clay bricks, calcium silicate bricks, autoclaved aerated concrete and lightweight concrete) mainly originating from demolished buildings. The thermal conductivity, thermal capacitance, and dielectric permittivity were measured and the hypothesis of a correlation between permittivity and thermal parameters was partly confirmed. This information is a prerequisite for using microwave radar sensing technology to determine heat transfer coefficients of existing building walls. The next research step is the development of a corresponding measurement and evaluation method.
Triaxial mechanical behaviour of hybrid basalt–polypropylene fibre-reinforced concrete: The effect of micro-fibres at multi scale levels
Authors: Fu Qiang , Bu Mengxin , Su Li , Liu Lei , Chen Lou , Li Ning , Niu Ditao
Published: May 2021

The triaxial mechanical properties of hybrid basalt–polypropylene fibre-reinforced concrete (HBPRC) were investigated in detail. The different effects of micro-basalt fibre (BF) and micro-polypropylene fibre (PF) on the triaxial properties of concrete were revealed. The strength criterion for HBPRC was established. The results showed that the hydrostatic behaviour, volumetric strain, peak deviatoric stress, elastic modulus, and Poisson’s ratio of HBPRC are affected by not only the confining pressure but also the BF and PF. The confining pressure gradually changes the failure mode of HBPRC from split failure to shear failure and extrusion plastic flow failure. The BF and PF mainly improve the strength and deformation performance of concrete, respectively. A nonlinear Mohr–Coulomb (M–C) strength criterion for HBPRC, which takes into account the fibre effect, is established. The calculated results performed using the proposed criterion agree well with the experimental results.
Legal Aspects of Immunodiagnostics and Immunoprophylaxis of Certain Diseases
Authors:   Perm State University, Ivanova O. A.
Published: May 2021

Introduction: the article analyzes one of the aspects of Russian and international experience in immunological diagnostics and immunological prophylaxis of certain diseases, namely application of procedures that may restrict the rights of citizens while ensuring public safety. This topic is becoming more and more controversial due to collision of public and private interests, so its study appears to be highly relevant. Purpose: to evaluate the legality and validity of restricting the rights of citizens as part of application of immunodiagnostics and immunoprophylaxis procedures, to formulate proposals on improving legal regulation covering the procedures themselves and the harm compensation procedures in case of postvaccinal complications – all based on the analysis of scientific information sources, legal acts, materials of law enforcement statistics, opinion polls, foreign experience. Methods: dialectical, formal-logical, functional, sociological and other general scientific methods of research; specific legal methods: comparative-legal and formal-legal. Results: the approaches to understanding immunodiagnostics and immunoprophylaxis procedures and their significance have been analyzed, the problematic aspects of legal regulation and law enforcement in this sphere, and also violations of legislation have been identified; the experience of compensating for harm caused by vaccination has been studied. Conclusions: in order to effectively achieve the goals of public health maintenance and boosting public confidence in the procedures of immunodiagnostics and immunoprophylaxis, and to ensure the rights of citizens, a set of measures is needed as follows: constant cooperation with civil society institutions that should go in parallel to the application of medical and pharmacological advances accompanied by the improvement of legal norms; control over the safety of drugs; budget financing of alternative diagnostic methods and additional examinations aimed at reducing the risk of harm to health and at identifying all the contraindications; maximum public awareness of all procedures and medications when obtaining voluntary informed consent; imposition of restrictions on persons who refused to undergo the procedures in strict accordance with the law and in proportion to the real danger to the public interest; additional training of medical staff; improvement and simplification of procedures for compensation for harm in the event of postvaccinal complications with the priority of non-judicial procedures; increase of the compensation size.
Development and analysis of a long-term soil moisture data set in three different agroclimatic zones of South Africa
Authors: Myeni Lindumusa , Moeletsi Mokhele E. , Clulow Alistar D.
Published: May 2021

Understanding the potential impacts of climate variability/change on soil moisture is essential for the development of informed adaptation strategies. However, long-term in-situ soil moisture measurements are sparse in most countries. The objectives of this study were to develop and analyse the temporal variability of a long-term soil moisture data set in South Africa. In this study, a water balance model was used to reconstruct long-term soil moisture data sets from 1980 through 2018, in three sites that represent the diverse agroclimatic conditions of South Africa. Additionally, long-term changes and variability of soil moisture were examined to investigate the potential impacts of climate variability on soil moisture. The results of the Mann–Kendall test showed a non-significant decreasing trend of soil moisture for inland stations at a rate between -0.001 and -0.02 mm per annum. In contrast, a statistically significant (at 5% level of significance) increasing trend of soil moisture for a coastal station at a rate of 0.1131 mm per annum was observed. The findings suggest that the Bainsvlei and Bronkhorstspruit stations located in the inland region are gradually becoming drier as a result of decreasing rainfall and increasing air temperature. In contrast, the Mandeni station located in the coastal region is becoming wetter as a result of increasing rainfall, despite the increase in air temperature. The findings indicate that climate variability is likely to change the soil moisture content, although the influence will vary with region and climatic conditions. Therefore, understanding the factors that affect soil moisture variability at the local scale is critical for the development of informed and effective adaptation strategies.Significance:

Long-term modelled estimates were used to investigate the potential impacts of climate variability on soil moisture in three different agroclimatic conditions of South Africa.
Results show that inland regions are gradually becoming drier as a result of decreasing trends of rainfall and increasing air temperatures while coastal regions are becoming wetter as a result of increasing trends of rainfall.
This study indicates that climate variability is likely to change soil moisture, although various regions will be affected differently.
The development of informed adaptation strategies at the local scale is critical to cope effectively with climate variability.
Impacts of soil carbon on hydrological responses – a sensitivity study of scenarios across diverse climatic zones in South Africa
Authors: Schütte Stefanie , Schulze Roland E. , Scholes Mary
Published: May 2021

Soil organic carbon (SOC) content and the water holding capacity of soils are two properties which link the carbon and hydrological cycles. Hydrological model inputs seldom include soil carbon as a parameter even though soil carbon content is known to influence soil water retention capacities. This study is a sensitivity analysis of changes in hydrological responses when the model inputs include different soil carbon percentages for the topsoil horizon. Sensitivities of hydrological responses such as transpiration, runoff volumes, the stormflow component of runoff and extreme runoff events to SOC content were quantified under various climatic conditions in South Africa. The soil water holding capacities at the drained upper limit (i.e. field capacity), permanent wilting point and saturation were calculated for the topsoil horizon, using SOC dependent pedo (soil)-transfer functions for different soil carbon scenarios and locations in South Africa. These variables, together with other pre-determined soil- and locationrelated inputs, as well as 50 years of daily climate, were then used as inputs in a process-based hydrological model. Overall, it was found that increased SOC content in the topsoil horizon leads to an increase in transpiration, a reduction in runoff, especially in its stormflow component, and a reduction of extreme runoff events. However, these changes are relatively small compared to the influence of climate, particularly of rainfall amount and distribution.Significance:

Organic carbon content of the soil and the water holding capacity of soils link the carbon and hydrological cycles.
Management interventions that increase SOC lead to win-win situations because, in addition to climate change mitigation, plant water availability improves, and overall surface runoff ‘flashiness’ becomes more regulated.
While rainfall amount and distribution over space and time remain the most critical determinants of hydrological responses, increased SOC in the topsoil horizon leads to increases in transpiration and thus plant growth, and to a reduction in runoff, especially in its stormflow component, and hence to a small reduction of severe flooding events.