bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the availability and impact of antenatal point‐of‐care ultrasound services in rural and remote communities: A scoping review
Authors: Doig Mikaela , Dizon Janine , Guerrero Katherine , Parange Nayana
Published: March 2019

Background

There are global disparities in the provision of maternal health care, with women from rural communities and under‐resourced countries expecting poorer access to healthcare services. This potentially compounds the existing higher burden of maternal and neonatal morbidity within these populations. In this setting, point‐of‐care ultrasound (PoCUS) has the potential to improve outcomes while mitigating challenges and barriers associated with the introduction of new medical technology.

Objectives

To explore the availability and impact of PoCUSuse for antenatal care (ANC) in under‐resourced settings.

Methods

Medline, Embase and Scopus were searched with no year limit. Studies were included if the participants were pregnant women undergoingANCin a rural setting or developing country and if the intervention was PoCUSuse or training.

Results

A total of 3863 unique articles were identified, with 17 meeting the inclusion criteria. Studies originated from Africa, Asia, Central America and Australia. All studies reported thatPOCUSuse forANCproduced positive outcomes. PoCUSintroduction into routineANCresulted in higher antenatal attendance and reduced maternal and neonatal mortality rates. It was demonstrated that it was feasible to provide local healthcare workers with limited training to perform quality scanning and reporting in their clinics. Methods and measures of these three primary outcomes varied between studies.

Conclusion

Integration of PoCUSintoANCin the settings examined improved outcomes in under‐resourced areas. Further research should investigate the availability of PoCUSservices at a country level, the clinical impact and economic feasibility.
Impact of endoscopic craniofacial resection on simulated nasal airflow and heat transport
Authors: Tracy Lauren F. , Basu Saikat , Shah Parth V. , Frank‐Ito Dennis O. , Das Snigdha , Zanation Adam M. , Kimbell Julia S.
Published: March 2019

Background

Endoscopic craniofacial resections (CFR) are performed for extensive anterior skull base lesions. This surgery involves removal of multiple intranasal structures, potentially leading to empty nose syndrome (ENS). However, many patients remain asymptomatic postoperatively. Our objective was to analyze the impact of CFR on nasal physiology and airflow using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This is the first CFD analysis of post‐CFR patients.

Methods

Three‐dimensional sinonasal models were constructed from 3 postoperative images using MimicsTM. Hybrid computational meshes were created. Steady inspiratory airflow and heat transport were simulated at patient‐specific flow rates using shear stress transport k‐omega turbulent flow modeling in FluentTM. Simulated average heat flux (HF) and surface area where HF exceeded 50 W/m2 (SAHF50) were compared with laminar simulations in 9 radiographically normal adults.

Results

Three adults underwent CFR without developing ENS. Average HF (W/m2) were 132.70, 134.84, and 142.60 in the CFR group, ranging from 156.24 to 234.95 in the nonoperative cohort. SAHF50 (m2) values were 0.0087, 0.0120, and 0.0110 in the CFR group, ranging from 0.0082 to 0.0114 in the radiographically normal cohort. SAHF50 was distributed throughout the CFR cavities, with increased HF at the roof and walls compared with the nonoperative cohort.

Conclusion

Average HF was low in the CFR group compared with the nonoperative group. However, absence of ENS in most CFR patients may be due to large stimulated mucosal surface area, commensurate with the nonoperative cohort. Diffuse distribution of stimulated area may result from turbulent mixing after CFR. To better understand heat transport post‐CFR, a larger cohort is necessary.
Intentional or unintentional drug poisoning in elderly people: retrospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital in Japan
Authors: Haoka Takeshi , Sakata Nobuo , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Oshiro Akiko , Shimizu Takafumi , Naito Yuki , Onishi Shinsuke , Morishita Yuka , Nara Satoshi
Published: March 2019

Aim

Intentional or unintentional acute drug poisoning occurs even in elderly people, but little is known about the factors influencing the intention to poisoning. A retrospective study was undertaken to describe the characteristics of acute drug poisoning in elderly people according to whether the poisoning was intentional or unintentional and the responsible agents.

Methods

The study was carried out in a single tertiary hospital in Japan. A total of 145 patients aged ≥65 years who were transferred by an ambulance service and were diagnosed with acute drug poisoning were included. Medical records were used to collect information on the intention behind poisoning and the responsible agents. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they experienced intentional or unintentional poisoning and were further classified according to the responsible agent. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between hospitalization for acute drug poisoning and the use of benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BzRAs).

Results

Poisoning was unintentional in 102 (70.3%) patients and intentional in 43 (29.7%) patients. In total, 65 (44.8%) patients required hospitalization. Among patients in the unintentional poisoning group, those using non‐BzRAs were more likely to be hospitalized than those using BzRAs (odds ratio, 6.64; 95% confidence interval, 2.56–17.22). The length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the unintentional poisoning group than in the intentional poisoning group (13.9 vs. 6.2 days; P = 0.013).

Conclusions

The proportion of unintentional poisoning in the elderly is high, and particularly with respect to poisoning with non‐BzRAs, the hospitalization rates are high.
The efficacy of a trauma call system: challenges in managing severe trauma at a rural emergency center without full‐time emergency physicians
Authors: Matsumoto Naoya , Yamamoto Sumiharu , Endo Izuru , Yoshida Osamu , Kubo Masatoshi , Udaka Tetsunobu , Sogabe Osanori , Maeda Hiroya , Kawata Chika , Kurokawa Hironori
Published: March 2019

Aims

There have been some reports about the efficacy of trauma team activation. In November 2015, we implemented a trauma call system, wherein a general surgeon, neurosurgeon, and orthopedic surgeon are called to the emergency department when severe trauma patients are transferred to our emergency department. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of this trauma call system.

Methods

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a trauma call system for trauma cases with an Injury Severity Score ≥16. We compared the mortality of trauma cases and the time from arrival to the start of the examination and intervention before and after implementing this trauma call system.

Results

There was no significant difference in the mortality rates before and after the implementation of the trauma call system. The median time from arrival to the start of contrast‐enhanced computed tomography or transcatheter arterial embolization improved from 54 to 19 min (P = 0.015) and 171 to 84 min (P = 0.030), respectively, after the implementation of the trauma call system.

Conclusion

Our trauma call system did not significantly improve the mortality of trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score ≥16. However, it was effective for reducing the time from the arrival to the start of contrast‐enhanced computed tomography or transcatheter arterial embolization.
Fiber‐in‐Tube Design of Co9S8‐Carbon/Co9S8: Enabling Efficient Sodium Storage
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Li Kaikai , Zhu Sicong , Fan Ke , Lyu Linlong , Yao Haimin , Li Yiyang , Hu Jinlian , Huang Haitao , Mai Yiu‐Wing , Goodenough John B.
Published: March 2019

The sodium‐ion battery is a promising battery technology owing to its low price and high abundance of sodium. However, the sluggish kinetics of sodium ion makes it hard to achieve high‐rate performance, therefore impairing the power density. In this work, a fiber‐in‐tube Co9S8‐carbon(C)/Co9S8 is designed with fast sodiation kinetics. The experimental and simulation analysis show that the dominating capacitance mechanism for the high Na‐ion storage performance is due to abundant grain boundaries, three exposed layer interfaces, and carbon wiring in the design. As a result, the fiber‐in‐tube hybrid anode shows a high specific capacity of 616 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. At 1 A g−1, a capacity of ca. 451 mAh g−1 can be achieved after 500 cycles. More importantly, a high energy density of 779 Wh kg−1 and power density of 7793 W kg−1 can be obtained simultaneously.
The ortho‐Difluoroalkylation of Aryliodanes with Enol Silyl Ethers: Rearrangement Enabled by a Fluorine Effect
Authors: Huang Xin , Zhang Yage , Zhang Chaoshen , Zhang Lei , Xu Ying , Kong Lichun , Wang Zhi‐Xiang , Peng Bo
Published: March 2019

Presented herein is an intriguing effect of fluorine, and it allows difluoroenol silyl ethers to couple with aryliodanes in a redox‐neutral manner to afford ortho‐iodo difluoroalkylated arenes. The remaining iodide group provides a versatile platform for converting the products into various valuable difluoroalkylated arenes. The reaction shows excellent functional‐group compatibility and broad substrate scope. A DFT mechanistic study suggests that the fluorine effect facilitates a subtle nucleophilic attack of the oxygen atom of enol silyl ethers onto aryliodanes, therefore leading to a rearrangement.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Paramagnetic Nickel Polypyridyl Complexes Relevant to C(sp2)–C(sp3)Coupling Reactions
Authors: Mohadjer Beromi Megan , Brudvig Gary W. , Hazari Nilay , Lant Hannah M. C. , Mercado Brandon Q.
Published: March 2019

A number of new transition metal catalyzed methods for the formation of C(sp2)–C(sp3) bonds have recently been described. These reactions often utilize bidentate polypyridyl‐ligated Ni catalysts, and paramagnetic NiI halide or aryl species are proposed in the catalytic cycles. However, there is little knowledge about complexes of this type. Here, we report the synthesis of paramagnetic bidentate polypyridyl‐ligated Ni halide and aryl complexes through elementary reactions proposed in catalytic cycles for C(sp2)–C(sp3) bond formation. We investigate the ability of these complexes to undergo organometallic reactions that are relevant to C(sp2)–C(sp3) coupling through stoichiometric studies and also explore their catalytic activity.
A Borocarbonitride Ceramic Aerogel for Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Luo Zhishan , Fang Yuanxing , Zhou Min , Wang Xinchen
Published: March 2019

Borocarbonitride (BCN) is a new type of photocatalyst, but bulk BCN shows a large band gap, and low surface area, and moderate activity for photocatalysis. Here, a three‐dimensional (3D) porous ceramic BCN aerogel was developed as an effective photocatalyst for relevant reactions. The unique structures endow the aerogel with an adjustable band gap and a high surface area, excellent stability, and improved crystallinity, which accelerates the separation and transfer of electron‐hole pairs and promotes catalytic kinetics, thus enhancing the performance of photocatalytic reactions for hydrogen generation and carbon dioxide reduction. This work supplies a low‐cost, convenient and green synthesis method for building ceramic aerogels, and it provides a simple colloid chemistry strategy combined with boron‐containing compounds to facilitate further innovative breakthroughs in the novel ceramic aerogel materials design and development in the field of catalysis.
All‐Inorganic CsPbX3 Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Zhang Jingru , Hodes Gary , Jin Zhiwen , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: March 2019

Recently, lead halide‐based perovskites have become one of the hottest topics in photovoltaic research because of their excellent optoelectronic properties. Among them, organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made very rapid progress with their power conversion efficiency (PCE) now at 23.7 %. However, the intrinsically unstable nature of these materials, particularly to moisture and heat, may be a problem for their long‐term stability. Replacing the fragile organic group with more robust inorganic Cs+ cations forms the cesium lead halide system (CsPbX3, X is halide) as all‐inorganic perovskites which are much more thermally stable and often more stable to other factors. From the first report in 2015 to now, the PCE of CsPbX3‐based PSCs has abruptly increased from 2.9 % to 17.1 % with much enhanced stability. In this Review, we summarize the field up to now, propose solutions in terms of development bottlenecks, and attempt to boost further research in CsPbX3 PSCs.
Phosphine‐NHC Manganese Hydrogenation Catalyst Exhibiting a Non‐Classical Metal‐Ligand Cooperative H2 Activation Mode
Authors: Buhaibeh Ruqaya , Filippov Oleg A. , Bruneau‐Voisine Antoine , Willot Jérémy , Duhayon Carine , Valyaev Dmitry A. , Lugan Noël , Canac Yves , Sortais Jean‐Baptiste
Published: March 2019

Deprotonation of the MnI NHC‐phosphine complex fac‐[MnBr(CO)3(κ2P,C‐Ph2PCH2NHC)] (2) under a H2 atmosphere readily gives the hydride fac‐[MnH(CO)3(κ2P,C‐Ph2PCH2NHC)] (3) via the intermediacy of the highly reactive 18‐e NHC‐phosphinomethanide complex fac‐[Mn(CO)3(κ3P,C,C‐Ph2PCHNHC)] (6 a). DFT calculations revealed that the preferred reaction mechanism involves the unsaturated 16‐e mangana‐substituted phosphonium ylide complex fac‐[Mn(CO)3(κ2P,C‐Ph2P=CHNHC)] (6 b) as key intermediate able to activate H2 via a non‐classical mode of metal‐ligand cooperation implying a formal λ5‐P–λ3‐P phosphorus valence change. Complex 2 is shown to be one of the most efficient pre‐catalysts for ketone hydrogenation in the MnI series reported to date (TON up to 6200).
Ligand‐free palladium‐catalyzed tandem pathways for the synthesis of 4,4‐diarylbutanones and 4,4‐diaryl‐3‐butenones under microwave conditions
Authors: Wirwis Anna , Trzeciak Anna M.
Published: March 2019

Two efficient Pd‐catalyzed tandem pathways for the synthesis of 4,4‐diaryl‐2‐butanones and 4,4‐diaryl‐3‐buten‐2‐ones were elaborated. The first step in both procedures was the Heck coupling of methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and various aryl iodides leading to 4‐aryl‐3‐buten‐2‐one with the yield of up to 92% in 1 hr. The second step performed with the same catalyst and a new portion of aryl iodide in the presence K2CO3 as a base produced 4,4‐diaryl‐3‐buten‐2‐ones in high yield. Reaction selectivity changed completely to saturated 4,4‐diaryl‐2‐butanones, reductive Heck products, when a tertiary amine was used instead of K2CO3. Due to the application of microwave irradiation (MW), the desired products were obtained in high yield in a short time (4 hr), using 0.5 mol% of the Pd (OAc)2 catalyst without additional ligands.
Effects of lubricants on the rheological and mechanical properties of wood flour/polypropylene composites
Authors: Dai Lu , Wang Xia , Zhang Jieming , Wang Fayang , Ou Rongxian , Song Yongming
Published: March 2019

The lubricant is an indispensable agent used in wood plastic composites (WPCs) to improve the processing flowability, especially with high wood content. Here, the effects of different lubricating systems on the rheological and mechanical properties of wood flour/polypropylene (WF/PP) composites are investigated. Additionally, several theoretical models are used to describe the rheological behavior. The results show that stearic acid (SA), semirefined paraffin wax (Wax), and zinc stearate (ZnSt) can decrease the equilibrium torque, complex viscosity, relaxation time, and flow activation energy of the composite melts. Compared to a single lubricant, the combination of Wax and SA lubricants exhibits lower values and the composite with 3 wt % SA and 1 wt % Wax has the best lubricating effect. The synergistic effect of the combined SA and Wax lubricants further decreases the interactive force between the molecules, indicating that multifunctional lubricating systems play a predominant role in WPCs and improve the overall processing properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47667.
Chickpea flour‐based biofilms containing gallic acid to be used as active edible films
Authors: Kocakulak Secil , Sumnu Gulum , Sahin Serpil
Published: March 2019

Chickpea is an easily accessible nutritious legume. Besides, gallic acid is a widespread phenolic found in various plants. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effects of pH (9 and 11), glycerol concentration (1 and 3% w/v of film solution) and gallic acid concentration (5 and 10% w/w of total solid) on color, opacity, mechanical strength, water vapor permeability (WVP), microstructure, chemical characteristic, antioxidant activity, and phenolic content of films. At pH 11, films are stronger, darker and have higher antioxidant activity. Higher glycerol concentration makes the films more flexible but less strong and more hydrophilic. Higher gallic acid concentration makes great contribution to the films by decreasing WVP but by increasing opacity, antioxidant activity, phenolic content, lightness, and elongation. Film containing glycerol of 1% and gallic acid of 10% and prepared at pH 11 was found to be a great combination for obtaining antioxidant rich edible composite films.

HIGHLIGHTS

Chickpea flour‐based active films were successfully obtained with addition of gallic acid.

Higher gallic acid concentration decreased WVP, increased opacity, antioxidant activity, phenolic content, lightness, and elongation.

Higher pH provided stronger mechanical properties, low lightness, and higher antioxidant activity.

Lower glycerol concentration resulted lower WVP and stronger tensile properties.

Chickpea flour‐based active films at pH 11 with 1% glycerol and 10% gallic acid can be used as active packaging material in especially highly oxidative food products.

© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47704.
Assessment of olive pomace wastes as flame retardants
Authors: El Kassis Elyssa , Otazaghine Belkacem , El Hage Roland , Sonnier Rodolphe
Published: March 2019

Olive pomace (OP) is a lignocellulosic waste from olive oil industry. In order to valorize these wastes as flame retardant (FR) fillers into polymers, OP residues are milled and screened into three different fractions. Two strategies are then investigated. The first one is to modify OP particles by phosphorus molecules using radiation grafting as already done successfully with flax. Nevertheless, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry analyses show that the introduction of phosphorus does not promote charring of OP and flame retardancy is not significantly improved whichever the considered fraction. The second strategy is to replace pentaerythritol by OP as char source into well‐known FR systems based on ammonium polyphosphate. The incorporation of such system into ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer leads to satisfying FR performances according to cone calorimeter tests. Moreover, the presence of high amount of extractives into OP such as oleic acid does not appear detrimental. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 47715.
Synergistic effects on the enhancement of thermal conductive properties of thermal greases
Authors: He Xuhua , Wang Yuechuan
Published: March 2019

Efficient heat dissipation from electronic devices with high‐degree integration and high‐power density has become an urgent and complex problem. We report here novel thermal greases with an enhanced thermal conductivity using graphene flakes (GFs), hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) as fillers. The obtained GF/h‐BN/HPC thermal grease at 23 vol % h‐BN loading exhibits a thermal conductivity enhancement 555%, compared with the pure PDMS matrix, and also about 50, 169, and 115% higher than that with GF/h‐BN, h‐BN/HPC and h‐BN as the filler for the thermal grease, respectively. We attribute it to the synergistic effects among GF, h‐BN, and HPC, due to the formation of thermally conductive networks. This study provides a strategy for preparing thermal greases for thermal management applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47726.
Mussel‐inspired polydopamine/polystyrene composites with 3D continuous structure and improved thermal, mechanical, and flame retarding properties
Authors: Li Sihan , Zhu Jing , Yu Junrong , Wang Yan , Hu Zuming
Published: March 2019

Polymer materials are widely used in daily life, but the flammability of most polymers has greatly restricted their applications. The addition of flame retardants into polymer matrix to form composites is the most effective method to improve the flame retarding properties. Here, a novel flame retarding composite is reported from polydopamine (PDA) and polystyrene (PS) through a latex technique. To maximize the potential of PDA in improving the properties of composites, PDA layers are first coated on PS microspheres and then the PDA coated PS microspheres are hot pressed to afford PDA/PS composites. Morphological characterizations of the cross sections of composites and the char after burning demonstrate the formation of three‐dimensional continuous network of PDA layers inside PS matrix, while differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile test, and cone calorimeter test confirm the visibly enhanced thermal, mechanical, and flame retarding properties of composites as compared to neat PS. These improvements are attributed to the strong interfacial interactions between PDA and PS, physical barrier effect of continuous PDA layers, and good free‐radical scavenging ability of PDA. This work demonstrates the great potential of PDA as additive for green and facile construction of flame retarding composites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47740.
Application of macroinvertebrate multimetrics as a measure of the impact of anthropogenic modification of spring habitats
Authors: Pešić Vladimir , Dmitrović Dejan , Savić Ana , Milošević Đurađ , Zawal Andrzej , Vukašinović‐Pešić Vesna , Von Fumetti Stefanie
Published: March 2019

Springs are distinct freshwater habitats that are threatened globally by human impacts, but are not included in standard freshwater assessment tools. This study analysed how the standard macroinvertebrate metrics currently used in biomonitoring programmes for running waters perform in springs with similar ecological qualities but with a different degree of hydromorphological modification. Macroinvertebrate assemblages were analysed in 50 riparian springs along the Crvcka River in the Dinaric karst.

Most metrics analysed (ASPT, EPTfam, PTHfam, BMWP, STAR_ICMi, and Spring_ICMi) showed significant differences between hydromorphologically modified and natural, i.e. unmodified, springs.

A self‐organizing map (SOM), an unsupervised artificial neural network, was used for patterning and visualizing 10 environmental parameters and the metrics analysed. Most macroinvertebrate metrics, besides IBE (which did not show any pattern) and PTHfam (which showed an opposite trend), had significantly lower values in the spring group with the highest electrical conductivity and the lowest discharge.

The study showed that hydromorphological modification does not necessarily lead to a loss of crenobiontic species, provided that the discharge and substrate composition remain suitable. Future coordinated conservation strategies must take into account the fact that spring species assemblages are sensitive to habitat structure and organic pollution, as has been achieved in Europe for rivers assessed under the Water Framework Directive.

Using multimetric indices, such as the new Spring_ICMi, may help to provide a framework for assessing the response of macroinvertebrate assemblages to human impacts. They may also help in assessing the success of measures used for the conservation and restoration of these threatened but highly valuable habitats. Further investigations should verify the suitability of such metrics in assessing the deterioration of springs globally.
Upstream migration of the anadromous sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinusLinnaeus, 1758) in a highly impounded river: Impact of low‐head obstacles and fisheries
Authors: Silva Sergio , Barca Sandra , Vieira‐Lanero Rufino , Cobo Fernando
Published: March 2019

Fisheries and the presence of low‐head obstacles are considered major threats for anadromous lampreys, including the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Nonetheless, research is still needed to increase our understanding of their effect and to implement effective conservation and management measures.Petromyzon marinusreceives conservation protection in Europe through the Bern Convention and the European Habitats Directive and is listed as ‘Vulnerable’ in Spain.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of low‐head obstacles and fisheries on the spawning migration ofP. marinusin the highly impounded River Ulla (in north‐west Spain). Nineteen lamprey were radio‐tracked in 2012 and 2013, and historical data (2002–16) on fishing captures were analysed (n = 25 607) to provide a population‐level approach.

The retention of individuals by low‐head obstacles, includingpesqueirasconstructed for lamprey fishing, and extraction by fisheries at those structures, caused a significant reduction of migrants upstream of each impoundment (mean: 24% individuals per obstacle). A delay in migration (mean: 6.3 days per obstacle) seems to be an important limiting factor for lamprey conservation in this river. Thus, based on the recorded delay, lamprey would needc. 5 months to pass the 23 obstacles present before reaching the first spawning areas and 9.5 months to cover the accessible river section (45 obstacles), which is far longer than the 3–5 months of spawning migration ofP. marinusin this river.

Consequently, obstacle removal or permeabilization should be prioritized for lamprey conservation in this river. This would reduce migration delay, the retention of individuals, and the catchability of lamprey atpesqueiras(with alternative routes to avoid traps). Basic information on fisheries management is still lacking, especially on stock exploitation rates and on lamprey population status and dynamics. Future studies should also investigate the role of lamprey exchange between basins (a lack of homing) in the resilience of lamprey populations.
What happens to glass eels after restocking in upland rivers? A long‐term study on their dispersal and behavioural traits
Authors: Nzau Matondo Billy , Séleck Emilie , Dierckx Arnaud , Benitez Jean‐Philippe , Rollin Xavier , Ovidio Michaël
Published: March 2019

The European eel Anguilla anguilla is a critically endangered fish species as a result of human activities and climate change in river and oceanic ecosystems. Restocking using glass eels in continental freshwater areas is a potential conservation measure for enhancing local eel stocks and for conserving the species in aquatic habitats, where it may otherwise disappear. However, little is known about the fate of these restocked individuals and the early ecological behaviour of the young eels translocated in rivers.

A portable radio‐frequency identification (RFID) telemetry system and 12‐mm tags were used to track restocked eels for a duration of 4 years. The aim was to understand the early movement, behavioural traits, dispersal, and habitat use of elvers after restocking performed in 2013 with glass eels in a shallow riverine environment.

From the 241 tagged eels (total length, Q50 = 152 mm), 85% were detected in 1968 positions during a period of 4 years, beginning in 2014. Clear seasonality in eel activity was observed, with higher mobility in summer when the water temperature was high (above 12°C). Dispersal was slowed by numerous artificial obstacles and the high carrying capacity of habitats. There was a negative relationship between the body size of eels at tagging and their mobility. Five behavioural categories of mobility patterns were identified: ascending, descending, oscillating with an upstream trend, oscillating with a downstream trend, and stationary. The first four categories depleted with time, in favour of stationary individuals that displayed a highly sedentary lifestyle.

This study provides new knowledge of the long‐term dispersal behaviour of restocked eels and the influence of seasons, barriers, and habitats on their colonization strategy changing with time. The results contribute to a better understanding of the issue of uncommon restocking practices in upland rivers.
Recent Advancements in Gene and Stem Cell‐Based Treatment Modalities: Potential Implications in Noise‐Induced Hearing Loss
Authors: Eshraghi Adrien A. , Jung Hyunseo D. , Mittal Rahul
Published: March 2019

Noise‐induced hearing loss (NIHL) poses a significant burden on not only the economics of health care but also the quality of life of an individual, as we approach an unprecedented age of longevity. In this article, we will delineate the current landscape of management of NIHL. We discuss the most recent results from in vitro and in vivo studies that determine the effectiveness of established pharmacotherapy such as corticosteroid and potential emerging therapies like N‐acetyl cysteine and neurotrophins (NTs), as well as highlight ongoing clinical trials for these therapeutic agents. We present an overview of how the recent advancements in the field of gene‐based and stem cell‐based therapies can help in developing effective therapeutic strategies for NIHL. Gene‐based therapies have shown exciting results demonstrating cochlear cellular regeneration using Atoh1, NRF2 as well as NT gene therapy employing viral vectors. In addition, we will discuss the recent advancements in genome‐editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, and its potential role in NIHL therapy. We will further discuss the current state of stem cell therapy as it pertains to treating neurodegenerative conditions including NIHL. Embryonic stem cells, adult‐derived stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells all represent an enticing reservoir of replacing damaged cells as a result of NIHL. Finally, we will discuss the barriers that need to be overcome to translate these promising treatment modalities to the clinical practice in pursuit of improving quality of life of patients having NIHL. Anat Rec, 303:516–526, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Redescription of the Cranium of Jingshanosaurus xinwaensis (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation of Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Zhang Qian‐Nan , Wang Tao , Yang Zhi‐Wen , You Hai‐Lu
Published: March 2019

The Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation in Yunnan Province of southwestern China has yielded an important and diverse terrestrial vertebrate fauna dominated by basal sauropodomorph dinosaurs. Nevertheless, many of them lack detailed descriptions and/or explicit diagnoses, hampering systematic analyses of their interrelationships and further studies. We present a detailed redescription of the cranial osteology of Jingshanosaurus xinwaensis and amend its diagnosis. Incorporation of the revised anatomical data into a phylogenetic analysis finds Jingshanosaurus to be one of the earliest diverging sauropodiforms. Moreover, the previously reported Chuxiongosaurus lufengensis is considered to be a junior synonym of J. xinwaensis. Jingshanosaurus can be diagnosed by a unique combination of character states, including (1) an inflection at the base of the dorsal premaxillary process; (2) the level of the caudal margin of the external naris being caudal to the mid‐length of the maxillary tooth row and the rostral margin of the antorbital fenestra; (3) a ventrally constricted subtriangular orbit; (4) the height‐to‐length ratio of the dentary being greater than 0.2; and (5) a distally recurved long axis of the premaxillary and rostral maxillary tooth crowns. As the largest taxon (around 9 m long) currently known among Lufeng basal sauropodomorphs and one of the best known basal‐most sauropodiforms, a better understanding of Jingshanosaurus will allow for reconstruction of the ecomorphotypic diversity of the Lower Jurassic Lufeng dinosaurs and help to decipher the origin and early evolution of sauropodiforms, the clade ultimately leading to the gigantic sauropods. Anat Rec, 303:759–771, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Citrullinated Inhibitor of DNA Binding 1 Is a Novel Autoantigen in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ohara Ray A. , Edhayan Gautam , Rasmussen Stephanie M. , Isozaki Takeo , Remmer Henriette A. , Lanigan Thomas M. , Campbell Phillip L. , Urquhart Andrew G. , Lawton Jeffrey N. , Chung Kevin C. , Fox David A. , Ruth Jeffrey H.
Published: March 2019

Objective

To explore the intrinsic role of inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID‐1) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) and to investigate whether ID‐1 is citrullinated and autoantigenic in RA.

Methods

RA patient serum ID‐1 levels were measured before and after infliximab treatment. RA FLS were transfected with a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 construct targeting ID‐1 to examine the effects of ID‐1 deletion. RA synovial fluid (SF) and homogenized synovial tissue (ST) were immunoprecipitated for ID‐1 and measured for citrullinated residues using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) was performed on in vitro–citrullinated recombinant human ID‐1 (cit–ID‐1) to localize the sites of citrullination. Normal and RA sera and SF were analyzed by immunodot blotting for anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) to cit–ID‐1.

Results

RA patient serum ID‐1 levels positively correlated with several disease parameters and were reduced after infliximab treatment. RA FLS displayed reduced growth and a robust increase in interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and IL‐8 production upon deletion of ID‐1. ID‐1 immunodepletion significantly reduced the levels of citrullinated residues in RA SF, and citrullinated ID‐1 was detected in homogenized RA ST (n = 5 samples; P < 0.05). Immunodot blot analyses revealed ACPAs to cit–ID‐1 but not to native ID‐1, in RA peripheral blood (PB) sera (n = 30 samples; P < 0.001) and SF (n = 18 samples; P < 0.05) but not in normal PB sera. Following analyses of LC‐MS/MS results for citrullination sites and corresponding reactivity in immunodot assays, we determined the critical arginines in ID‐1 for autoantigenicity: R33, R52, and R121.

Conclusion

Novel roles of ID‐1 in RA include regulation of FLS proliferation and cytokine secretion as well as autoantigenicity following citrullination.
Integrating neurophysiologic relevance feedback in intent modeling for information retrieval
Authors: Jacucci Giulio , Barral Oswald , Daee Pedram , Wenzel Markus , Serim Baris , Ruotsalo Tuukka , Pluchino Patrik , Freeman Jonathan , Gamberini Luciano , Kaski Samuel , Blankertz Benjamin
Published: March 2019

The use of implicit relevance feedback from neurophysiology could deliver effortless information retrieval. However, both computing neurophysiologic responses and retrieving documents are characterized by uncertainty because of noisy signals and incomplete or inconsistent representations of the data. We present the first‐of‐its‐kind, fully integrated information retrieval system that makes use of online implicit relevance feedback generated from brain activity as measured through electroencephalography (EEG), and eye movements. The findings of the evaluation experiment (N = 16) show that we are able to compute online neurophysiology‐based relevance feedback with performance significantly better than chance in complex data domains and realistic search tasks. We contribute by demonstrating how to integrate in interactive intent modeling this inherently noisy implicit relevance feedback combined with scarce explicit feedback. Although experimental measures of task performance did not allow us to demonstrate how the classification outcomes translated into search task performance, the experiment proved that our approach is able to generate relevance feedback from brain signals and eye movements in a realistic scenario, thus providing promising implications for future work in neuroadaptive information retrieval (IR).
Automated language‐independent authorship verification (for Indo‐European languages)
Authors: Adamovic Sasa , Miskovic Vladislav , Milosavljevic Milan , Sarac Marko , Veinovic Mladen
Published: March 2019

In this article we examine automated language‐independent authorship verification using text examples in several representative Indo‐European languages, in cases when the examined texts belong to an open set of authors, that is, the author is unknown. We showcase the set of developed language‐dependent and language‐independent features, the model of training examples, consisting of pairs of equal features for known and unknown texts, and the appropriate method of authorship verification. An authorship verification accuracy greater than 90% was accomplished via the application of stylometric methods on four different languages (English, Greek, Spanish, and Dutch, while the verification for Dutch is slightly lower). For the multilingual case, the highest authorship verification accuracy using basic machine‐learning methods, over 90%, was achieved by the application of the kNN and SVM‐SMO methods, using the feature selection method SVM‐RFE. The improvement in authorship verification accuracy in multilingual cases, over 94%, was accomplished via ensemble learning methods, with the MultiboostAB method being a bit more accurate, but Random Forest is generally more appropriate.
Separating and Merging Professional and Personal Selves Online: The Structure and Processes That Shape Academics' Ego‐Networks on Academic Social Networking Sites and Twitter
Authors: Jordan Katy
Published: March 2019

Academic social networking sites seek to bring the benefits of online networking to an academic audience. The ability to make connections to others is a defining characteristic of the sites, but what types of networks are formed, and what are the implications of the structures? This study addressed that question through mixed methods social network analysis, focusing on Academia.edu, ResearchGate, and Twitter, as three of the main sites used by academics in their professional lives. The structure of academics' ego‐networks on social networking sites differs by platform. Networks on academic sites were smaller and more highly clustered, whereas Twitter networks were larger and more diffuse. Institutions and research interests define communities on academic sites, compared with research topics and personal interests on Twitter. The network structures reflect differences in how academics conceptualize different sites and have implications in relation to fostering social capital and research impact.
Does the web of science accurately represent chinese scientific performance?
Authors: Shu Fei , Julien Charles‐Antoine , Larivière Vincent
Published: March 2019

With the significant development of China's economy and scientific activity, its scientific publication activity is experiencing a period of rapid growth. However, measuring China's research output remains a challenge because Chinese scholars may publish their research in either international or national journals, yet no bibliometric database covers both the Chinese and English scientific literature. The purpose of this study is to compare Web of Science (WoS) with a Chinese bibliometric database in terms of authors and their performance, demonstrate the extent of the overlap between the two groups of Chinese most productive authors in both international and Chinese bibliometric databases, and determine how different disciplines may affect this overlap. The results of this study indicate that Chinese bibliometric databases, or a combination of WoS and Chinese bibliometric databases, should be used to evaluate Chinese research performance except in the few disciplines in which Chinese research performance could be assessed using WoS only.
Enantioselective Reaction of 2H‐Azirines
Authors: Nakamura Shuichi
Published: March 2019

2H‐Azirines are useful precursors for the synthesis of a variety of chiral aziridine and amine derivatives with a range of biological activities. Owing to the ring strain and the presence of a C=N double bond, 2H‐azirines are more reactive than other types of ketimine, and undergo a range of enantioselective reactions, including reduction and Diels–Alder reactions, as well as nucleophilic addition to the C=N double bond. Therefore, the enantioselective reactions of 2H‐azirines has become a hot topic, in particular within the last few years. In this Minireview, we focus on the enantioselective reactions of 2H‐azirines by using catalytic or stoichiometric amounts of chiral additives, the reaction mechanisms, and the applications of these reactions of 2H‐azirines and related compounds in organic synthesis.
Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative C−H Bond Functionalization of N‐Allylbenzamide for Regioselective C−N and C−O Bond Formation
Authors: Ranjith Jala , Krishna Palakodety Radha
Published: March 2019

Copper‐catalyzed oxidative couplings of N‐allylbenzamides for C−N and C−O bond formations have been developed through C−H bond functionalization. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, it was applied to the synthesis of β‐aminoimides and imides. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first examples in which different classes of N‐containing compounds have been directly prepared from the readily available N‐allylbenzamides using an inexpensive catalyst/oxidant/base (CuSO4/TBHP/Cs2CO3) system.
Rapid anaerobic digestion of organic solid residuals for biogas production using flocculating bacteria and membrane bioreactors – a critical review
Authors: Wikandari Rachma , Taherzadeh Mohammad J.
Published: March 2019

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an attractive and sustainable alternative for stabilizing solid organic waste and producing biogas or biomethane. However, it is carried out by slow‐growing bacteria and archaea and it normally demands a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 20–60 days in the bioreactor. Although high‐rate AD methods and technologies have been developed, they are normally applied to liquid wastes such as wastewater. In this work, the theory and latest developments in high‐rate digestion of organic solid wastes are reviewed. The process is accomplished by running the AD in a two‐stage operation. The first stage involves dissolving the solid materials in water, using robust hydrolytic bacteria. The effluent is then filtered to remove any undigested material, which in some cases contains inhibitory compounds. The filtrate is then fed to bioreactors containing high cell density ADs such as flocculating bacteria (granules) or membrane bioreactors (MBR) to protect the sensitive and very slow‐growing methanogen. Different approaches to overcoming problems faced in the first stage of digestion are proposed in this review. These problems include slow digestion of lignocellulosic biomass or failure of digestion due to inhibition problems for feedstocks containing toxic compounds, and rapid acidification for easily degradable substrates. The principle, technology, benefits and drawbacks, and factors affecting the efficacy of each type of high cell‐density reactor are presented. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glibenclamide ameliorates the disrupted blood–brain barrier in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Xu Fulin , Shen Gang , Su Zuopeng , He Zijian , Yuan Lutao
Published: March 2019

Background

Glibenclamide is a widely used sulfonylurea drug prescribed to treat type II diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have demonstrated that glibenclamide has neuroprotective effects in central nervous system injury. However, the exact mechanism by which glibenclamide acts on the blood–brain barrier (BBB) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to validate the neuroprotective effects of glibenclamide on ICH and to explore the mechanisms underlying these effects.

Methods

We investigated the effects of glibenclamide on experimental ICH using the autologous blood infusion model. Glibenclamide was administrated either immediately or 2 hr after ICH. Brain edema was quantified using the wet–dry method 3 days after injury. BBB integrity was evaluated by Evans Blue extravasation and degradation of the tight junction protein zona occludens‐1 (ZO‐1). mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Activation of the nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor with a pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and cell viability were also measured in cerebral microvascular endothelial b.End3 cells exposed to hemin. Neurological changes were evaluated by the Garcia score and rotarod test.

Results

After ICH, the brain water content, Evans Blue extravasation, and inflammatory cytokines decreased significantly in the ipsilateral hemisphere of the experimental compared to the vehicle group. Glibenclamide treatment and NLRP3 knockdown significantly reduced hemin‐induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, release of extracellular lactate dehydrogenase, apoptosis, and loss of ZO‐1 in b.End3 cells. However, NLRP3 knockdown abolished the protective effect of glibenclamide.

Conclusion

Glibenclamide maintained BBB integrity in experimental ICH by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in microvessel endothelial cells. Our findings will contribute to elucidating the pharmacological mechanism of action of glibenclamide and to developing a novel therapy for clinical ICH.
Effectively using death in health messages: Social loss versus physical mortality salience
Authors: Martin Ingrid M. , Kamins Michael A.
Published: March 2019

Research based on the terror management health model demonstrates that highlighting death as a consequence of risky behavior can lead to unintended responses to health communications. In two studies, we investigate whether a form of social loss message frame can motivate someone to change his or her behavior to prevent negative health consequences. In Study 1, we compare social loss and physical mortality print messages in the context of “texting while driving.” Overall, social loss as opposed to physical mortality messages facilitate greater intent to reduce risky health behaviors when death‐related cognitions have been removed from conscious awareness. In Study 2, we manipulate message framing and self‐affirmation in the context of “smoking.” We find that highlighting family members' inability to cope when one dies can result in health messages that facilitate the acknowledgment of the health risk and reduce risky health behaviors. This effect is enhanced when individuals affirm on the importance of “relationships with family and friends” prior to viewing health messages. The implications for the terror management health model are discussed noting that death can be effectively used in health communication when framed as relationship protection rather than one's physical mortality.
STEMIs and Coumadin: Are they an unsafe combination?
Authors: Montgomery Jana E. , Levy Michael S.
Published: March 2019

Key Points

Therapeutic anticoagulation may be a surrogate marker for increased MACE in the setting of a STEMI.

Consideration should be given to transradial access for patients on anticoagulation.

Triple therapy (DAPT plus anticoagulant) should be minimized.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Protect the kidneys to protect the patient
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Seth Ashok
Published: March 2019

Key Points

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) seems superior to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for intermediate‐term outcomes in patients with aortic stenosis and moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Intermediate‐term mortality and the major adverse cardiac and renal event increase if the renal function worsens soon after TAVR or SAVR.

Patient's demographic profile, comorbid conditions, and procedural characteristics influence the clinical outcomes emphasizing the need for careful risk assessment in deciding TAVR versus SAVR in CKD patient.