bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ShSPI Inhibits Thrombosis Formation and Ischemic Stroke In Vivo
Authors: Luan Ning , Cao Han , Wang Yunfei , Zhang Haihao , Lin Kangyang , Hu Jingping , Rong Mingqiang , Liu Cunbao
Published: August 2024

Thrombotic diseases, emerging as a global public health hazard with high mortality and disability rates, pose a significant threat to human health and longevity. Although current antithrombotic therapies are effective in treating these conditions, they often carry a substantial risk of bleeding, highlighting the urgent need for safer therapeutic alternatives. Recent evidence has increasingly pointed to a connection between elastase activity and thrombosis. In the current study, we investigated the antithrombotic effects of ShSPI, an elastase inhibitor peptide derived from the venom of Scolopendra hainanum. Results showed that ShSPI significantly attenuated carrageenan-induced thrombosis in vivo. Furthermore, ShSPI effectively inhibited the carrageenan-induced decrease in serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and increase in prothrombin time, fibrinogen level, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. In addition, ShSPI reduced intracerebral thrombosis and improved functional outcomes following ischemic stroke in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model. Collectively, these findings suggest that ShSPI is a promising candidate for the development of novel thrombotic therapies.
Aggregation of Albumins under Reductive Radical Stress
Authors: Radomska Karolina , Lebelt Liwia , Wolszczak Marian
Published: August 2024

The reactions of radicals with human serum albumin (HSA) under reductive stress conditions were studied using pulse radiolysis and photochemical methods. It was proved that irradiation of HSA solutions under reductive stress conditions results in the formation of stable protein aggregates. HSA aggregates induced by ionizing radiation are characterized by unique emission, different from the UV emission of non-irradiated solutions. The comparison of transient absorption spectra and the reactivity of hydrated electrons (eaq−) with amino acids or HSA suggests that electron attachment to disulfide bonds is responsible for the transient spectrum recorded in the case of albumin solutions. The reactions of eaq− and CO2•− with HSA lead to the formation of the same products. Recombination of sulfur-centered radicals plays a crucial role in the generation of HSA nanoparticles, which are stabilized by intermolecular disulfide bonds. The process of creating disulfide bridges under the influence of ionizing radiation is a promising method for the synthesis of biocompatible protein nanostructures for medical applications. Our Raman spectroscopy studies indicate strong modification of disulfide bonds and confirm the aggregation of albumins as well. Low-temperature measurements indicate the possibility of electron tunneling through the HSA protein structure to specific CyS-SCy bridges. The current study showed that the efficiency of HSA aggregation depends on two main factors: dose rate (number of pulses per unit time in the case of pulse radiolysis) and the temperature of the irradiated solution.
Co-Deposition of Bimetallic Au-Pt with L-Cysteine on Electrodes and Removal of Copper by Iron Powder for Trace Aqueous Arsenic Detection
Authors: Zhang Wei-Zhi , Wang Kan , Bao Ning , Ding Shou-Nian
Published: August 2024

Much progress has been made in the determination of As (III), while numerous electrochemical sensors based on metal nanomaterials with significant sensitivity and precision have been developed. However, further research is still required to achieve rapid detection and avoid interference from other metal ions (especially copper ions). In this study, bimetallic AuPt nanoparticles are electrochemically modified with screen printing electrodes. What’s more, L-cysteine also self-assembles with AuNPs through Au-S bond to enhance the electrochemical performance. To overcome the interference of Cu (II) in the sensing process, the reduced iron powder was chosen to remove Cu (II) and other oxidizing organics in aqueous solutions. The lowest detectable amount is 0.139 ppb, a linear range of 1~50 ppb with superlative stability by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Fortunately, the reduced iron powder could eliminate the Cu (II) with no effect on the As (III) signal.
The Value of Takeover Defenses and the Interaction Effects of Firm Characteristics
Authors: Ahn Seoungpil
Published: August 2024

The value of takeover defenses changes with different firm characteristics. In the paper, I examine the interactions of firm characteristics with the value of takeover defenses. The results show that the relationship between firm value and takeover defenses differs in firm age, monitoring costs, advising needs, and their interactions. Takeover defenses are not necessarily more detrimental for older firms. Instead, takeover defenses are more harmful for older firms with higher monitoring costs, but the adverse impact is positively moderated for older firms with higher advising needs. Thus, the influence of firm age on the value of takeover defenses depends on a firm’s monitoring costs and advising needs. The findings of the paper present consistent evidence that takeover defenses have a heterogeneous impact for firms with different firm characteristics.
Predicting Low Sliding Friction in Al-Steel Reciprocating Sliding Experiment after a Controlled Grinding of the Steel Counterface
Authors: Parameswaran Gopakumar , Jayaram Vikram , Kailas Satish V.
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to identify the areal surface parameters that correlated with lowering of sliding friction. Different ground surfaces were created on stainless steel and the lubricated sliding friction generated at the contact interface with a flat-faced aluminum pin was studied. The frictional force encountered is an order of magnitude lower for a P1200-finished surface than the other ground surfaces. Using 3D surface profilometry, a unique surface parameter ratio “Spk/Sk” was found to predict the frictional performance of these surfaces. When this surface parameter ratio was less than 1, average sliding friction was close to 0.1. When this ratio was greater than 1, the coefficient was an order of magnitude lower. Using energy dispersive spectrometry, such surfaces after wear showed the presence of a uniform dispersed layer of iron oxide on the surface of the pin. This was absent on the surfaces having high friction, indicating the role of the steel counter surface in building this beneficial transfer layer. Scanning electron microscopy provided topography images to visualize the surface wear. The motivation for the authors was to use a commercially scaled process like precision grinding for the surface modifications on stainless steel.
3-((λ3-Oxidanylidene)(propylamino)methyl)-2-ethoxybenzo[e]-[1,2]oxaphosphinine-2-oxide
Authors: Koleva Ana I. , Petkova-Yankova Nevena I. , Nikolova Rositca D.
Published: August 2024

A method for the simple preparation of 2-ethoxy-N-propylbenzo[e][1,2]oxaphosphinine-3-carboxamide 2-oxide via an ultrasound technique using catalytic amounts of CuI is reported. The formation of the amide could indicate the isomerization of the formed E-alkene intermediate to its Z-form, assisted by the sonication irradiation, and such transformation under the presented conditions has not been previously reported in the literature.
1-(Dicyanomethylene)-3-hydroxy-1H-indene-2-carboxylic Acid
Authors: Usova Sofia D. , Knyazeva Ekaterina A. , Rakitin Oleg A.
Published: August 2024

Bulk heterojunction solar cells are among the most promising organic solar cells (OSCs). One of the two important parts of OSCs are acceptors, and the development of the design and synthesis of non-fullerene acceptors involves an electron-deficient heterocyclic central core and anchor acceptor malonitrile derivatives of 3-methylene-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ones. In this communication, an intermediate for the synthesis of this compound, 1-(dicyanomethylene)-3-hydroxy-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid, was prepared by the Perkin reaction of 2-(3-oxoisobenzofuran-1(3H)-ylidene)malononitrile with tert-butyl acetoacetate in the presence of acetic anhydride and triethylamine. The structure of the newly synthesized compound was established by means of elemental analysis, high-resolution mass spectrometry, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.
Investigation of the Bonding Performance and Microstructure of MOC Binders for SiO2 as Rock-like Composites
Authors: Jing Jie , Li Hongbo , Zheng Xin , Zhao Kai
Published: August 2024

The heterogeneity of natural rocks complicates the study of carbon sequestration within these materials and raises concerns about the reproducibility of experimental results. Consequently, identifying appropriate rock-like materials has become critical. This research examined the impact of various factors—humidity, binder content, curing period, and cold pressure—on the bond strength of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) through orthogonal testing. The tests utilized a molar ratio of MgO to MgCl2-6H2O to H2O of 7:1:18. Both X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyze the hydration reactions of MOC and to explore the correlation between the microstructure of the SiO2-MgO-MgCl2 system and its bonding characteristics. The findings indicated that a 5% relative humidity enhances the 7-day bond strength of MOC. Moreover, increasing the curing humidity to 60% relative humidity supports the ongoing hydration of the strength-contributing phases. A binder content ranging from 15% to 25% proved optimal, yielding samples with superior strength and stiffness. While cold pressing initially enhances the bonding properties of MOC, solution loss during the process adversely affects its long-term bonding characteristics. From a mechanical standpoint, the silica-magnesium oxide-magnesium chloride system demonstrates exceptional early strength and resilience, positioning it as a promising rock-like material system.
Alkali-Activated Slag as Sustainable Binder for Pervious Concrete and Structural Plaster: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Coffetti Denny , Rapelli Simone , Coppola Luigi
Published: August 2024

In the realm of sustainable construction materials, the quest for low-environmental-impact binders has gained momentum. Addressing the global demand for concrete, several alternatives have been proposed to mitigate the carbon footprint associated with traditional Portland cement production. Despite technological advancements, property inconsistencies and cost considerations, the wholesale replacement of Portland cement remains a challenge. This study investigates the feasibility of using alkali-activated slag (AAS)-based binders for two specific applications: structural plaster and pervious concrete. The research aims to develop an M10-grade AAS plaster with a 28-day compressive strength of at least 10 MPa for the retrofitting of masonry buildings. The plaster achieved suitable levels of workability and applicability by trowel as well as a 28-day compressive strength of 10.8 MPa, and the level shrinkage was reduced by up to 45% through the inclusion of shrinkage-reducing admixtures. Additionally, this study explores the use of tunnel muck as a recycled aggregate in AAS pervious concrete, achieving a compressive strength up to 20 MPa and a permeability rate from 500 to 3000 mm/min. The relationship between aggregate size and the physical and mechanical properties of no-fines concretes usually used for cement-based pervious concrete was also confirmed. Furthermore, the environmental impacts of these materials, including their global warming potential (GWP) and gross energy requirement (GER), are compared to those of conventional mortars and concretes. The findings highlight that AAS materials reduce the GWP from 50 to 75% and the GER by about 10–30% compared to their traditional counterparts.
Color Modifications of a Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomer under the Effect of Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Gradinariu Anca Irina , Stoica Alexandru-Constantin , Bargan Alexandra , Racles Carmen , Stelea Carmen Gabriela , Costan Victor Vlad
Published: August 2024

Although it is known (from the observations of medical professionals) that cigarette smoke negatively affects maxillofacial prostheses, especially through staining/discoloration, systematic research in this regard is limited. Herein, the color modifications of M511 maxillofacial silicone, unpigmented and pigmented with red or skin tone pigments, covered with mattifiers, or with makeup and mattifiers, and directly exposed to cigarette smoke, were investigated by spectrophotometric measurements in the CIELab and RGB color systems. The changes in color parameters are comparatively discussed, showing that the base silicone material without pigmentation and coating undergoes the most significant modifications. Visible and clinically unacceptable changes occurred after direct exposure to only 20 cigarettes. By coating and application of makeup, the material is more resistant to color changes, which suggests that surface treatments provide increased protection to adsorption of the smoke components. The dynamic water vapor sorption (DVS) measurements indicate a decrease of the sorption capacity in pigmented versus unpigmented elastomers, in line with the changes in color parameters.
A Small Database with an Adaptive Data Selection Method for Solder Joint Fatigue Life Prediction in Advanced Packaging
Authors: Su Qinghua , Yuan Cadmus , Chiang Kuo-Ning
Published: August 2024

There has always been high interest in predicting the solder joint fatigue life in advanced packaging with high accuracy and efficiency. Artificial Intelligence Plus (AI+) is becoming increasingly popular as computational facilities continue to develop. This study will introduce machine learning (a core component of AI). With machine learning, metamodels that approximate the attributes of systems or functions are created to predict the fatigue life of advanced packaging. However, the prediction ability is highly dependent on the size and distribution of the training data. Increasing the amount of training data is the most intuitive approach to improve prediction performance, but this implies a higher computational cost. In this research, the adaptive sampling methods are applied to build the machine learning model with a small dataset sampled from an existing database. The performance of the model will be visualized using predefined criteria. Moreover, ensemble learning can be used to improve the performance of AI models after they have been fully trained.
Optimization Algorithms and Their Applications and Prospects in Manufacturing Engineering
Authors: Song Juan , Wang Bangfu , Hao Xiaohong
Published: August 2024

In modern manufacturing, optimization algorithms have become a key tool for improving the efficiency and quality of machining technology. As computing technology advances and artificial intelligence evolves, these algorithms are assuming an increasingly vital role in the parameter optimization of machining processes. Currently, the development of the response surface method, genetic algorithm, Taguchi method, and particle swarm optimization algorithm is relatively mature, and their applications in process parameter optimization are quite extensive. They are increasingly used as optimization objectives for surface roughness, subsurface damage, cutting forces, and mechanical properties, both for machining and special machining. This article provides a systematic review of the application and developmental trends of optimization algorithms within the realm of practical engineering production. It delves into the classification, definition, and current state of research concerning process parameter optimization algorithms in engineering manufacturing processes, both domestically and internationally. Furthermore, it offers a detailed exploration of the specific applications of these optimization algorithms in real-world scenarios. The evolution of optimization algorithms is geared towards bolstering the competitiveness of the future manufacturing industry and fostering the advancement of manufacturing technology towards greater efficiency, sustainability, and customization.
Strength and Electrostatic Discharge Resistance Analysis of Additively Manufactured Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PET-G) Parts for Potential Electronic Application
Authors: Talecka Julia , Kluczyński Janusz , Jasik Katarzyna , Szachogłuchowicz Ireneusz , Torzewski Janusz
Published: August 2024

Optoelectronic components are crucial across various industries. They benefit greatly from advancements in 3D printing techniques that enable the fabrication of intricate parts. Among these techniques, Material Extrusion (MEX) stands out for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Integrating 3D printing into production processes offers the potential to create components with enhanced electrostatic discharge (ESD) resistance, a critical factor for ensuring the reliability and safety of optoelectronic devices. Polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified (PET-G) is an amorphous copolymer renowned for its high transparency, excellent mechanical properties, and chemical resistance, which make it particularly suitable for 3D printing applications. This study focuses on analyzing the mechanical, structural, and electrostatic properties of pure PET-G as well as PET-G doped with additives to evaluate the effects of doping on its final properties. The findings highlight that pure PET-G exhibits superior mechanical strength compared to doped variants. Conversely, doped PET-G demonstrates enhanced resistance to electrostatic discharge, which is advantageous for applications requiring ESD mitigation. This research underscores the importance of material selection and optimization in 3D printing processes to achieve desired mechanical and electrical properties in optoelectronic components. By leveraging 3D printing technologies like MEX and exploring material modifications, industries can further innovate and enhance the production of optoelectronic devices, fostering their widespread adoption in specialized fields.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Adsorbents Based on Functionalization of Graphene Oxide with Schiff Base and Reduced Schiff Base for Pesticide Removal
Authors: Taghiyeva Narinj , Hasanova Ulviyya , Millet Maurice , Gardiennet Carole , Gakhramanova Zarema , Mirzayev Mushfig H. , Gahramanli Lala , Pham-Huu Cuong , Aliyeva Solmaz , Aliyeva Gunel , Rzayev Fuad , Gasimov Eldar , Boulogne Corentin , Akhundzada Haji Vahid
Published: August 2024

Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were functionalized with Schiff base and reduced Schiff base. Covalent and non-covalent functionalized GO nanostructures have been tested for the removal of pesticides with different chemical structures and properties (e.g., Epoxiconazole, Dimethomorph, Cyprodinil, Chlorothalonil, Acetochlor, Trifluralin) from aqueous solutions. The structure and morphology characteristics of the prepared structures were analyzed using techniques such as solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results of the experiments showed that, although the non-covalent functionalization did not affect the adsorption properties of GO much, the covalent functionalization increased the adsorption capacity of GO against the mentioned pesticides.
Advanced State Estimation for Multi-Articulated Virtual Track Trains: A Fusion Approach
Authors: Lu Zhenggang , Wang Zehan , Luo Xianguang
Published: August 2024

The Virtual Track Train (VTT) represents an innovative urban public transportation system that combines tire-based running gears with rail transit management. Effective control of such a system necessitates precise state estimation, a task rendered complex by the multi-articulated nature of the vehicles. This study addresses the challenge by focusing on state estimation for the first unit under significant interference, introducing a fusion state estimation strategy utilizing Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) techniques. First, a joint model for the first unit is established, comprising the dynamics model as the main model and a residual model constructed based on GPR to accommodate the main model’s error. The proposed fusion strategy comprises two components: a kinematic model-based method for handling transient and high-acceleration phases, and a joint-model-based method suitable for near-steady-state and low-acceleration conditions. The IMM method is employed to integrate these two approaches. Subsequent units’ states are computed from the first unit’s state, articulation angles, and yaw rates’ filtered data. Validation through hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation demonstrates the strategy’s efficacy, achieving high accuracy with an average lateral speed estimation error below 0.02 m/s and a maximum error not exceeding 0.22 m/s. Additionally, the impact on VTT control performance after incorporating state estimation is minimal, with a reduction of only 3–6%.
A Study on the Running of a Joystick-Type Six-Wheeled Electric Wheelchair When Curb Climbing
Authors: Kawata Tetsuaki , Sato Fumihisa , Tsuji Shiori , Suzuki Toya , Suzuki Takato , Kokuryu Takuto
Published: August 2024

In Japan, the number of power wheelchair users is increasing as the country becomes an aging society. This trend is expected to continue in the future. Electric wheelchairs currently on the market include (1) bar-handle-type power wheelchairs for older users and (2) joystick-type power wheelchairs that change direction by operating a joystick. When such electric wheelchairs are used outdoors, the problem is curb-climbing at the boundary between the roadway and the sidewalk. It would be difficult for a wheelchair with a small front wheel diameter of 200 mm to overcome a curb height of 50 mm. Therefore, users are forced to take a detour or drive on the street to avoid the curb step. One of the most effective ways to solve this problem is to increase the wheel diameter. However, larger wheels make it more difficult for users to get in and out of the wheelchair. In addition, there are problems such as an increased footprint when turning, which makes the wheelchairs difficult to use on narrow streets. In this paper, using a joystick-type six-wheel electric wheelchair as an example, we examined the mechanism by which an electric wheelchair can overcome curb climbing and consider improvements to the chassis with a method that does not rely on increasing the wheel diameter. As a result, it became possible to overcome a curb of 96 mm in height with a front-wheel diameter of 200 mm.
Design and Fabrication of Tryptophan Sensor Using Voltammetric Method
Authors: Khan Mohd Quasim , Ahmad Khursheed , Khan Rais Ahmad
Published: August 2024

L-tryptophan is an amino acid that significantly impacts metabolic activity in both humans and herbivorous animals. It is also known as a precursor for melatonin and serotonin, and its levels must be regulated in the human body. Therefore, there is a need to develop a cost-effective, simple, sensitive, and selective method for detecting L-tryptophan. Herein, we report the fabrication of an L-tryptophan sensor using a nickel-doped tungsten oxide ceramic-modified electrode. The Ni-WO3 was synthesized using simple strategies and characterized by various advanced techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and photoelectron X-ray spectroscopy. Furthermore, a glassy carbon electrode was modified with the synthesized Ni-WO3 and explored as the L-tryptophan (L-TRP) sensor. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were used to investigate the sensing ability of the modified electrode (Ni-WO3/GC). The Ni-WO3/GC exhibited an excellent limit of detection of 0.4 µM with a good dynamic linear range. The Ni-WO3/GC also demonstrated excellent selectivity in the presence of various electroactive molecules. The Ni-WO3/GC also showed decent reproducibility, repeatability, stability, and storage stability. This work proposes the fabrication of novel Ni-WO3/GC for the sensing of L-tryptophan. So far, no report is available on the use of Ni-WO3/GC for the sensing of L-TRP. This is the first report on the use of Ni-WO3/GC for the sensing of L-TRP sensing applications.
Editorial for the Special Issue on Exploring IoT Sensors and Their Applications: Advancements, Challenges, and Opportunities in Smart Environments
Authors: Jing Lei , Matsumoto Yoshinori , Zhang Zhan
Published: August 2024

As the editor of the Special Issue on “Exploring IoT Sensors and Their Applications: Advancements, Challenges, and Opportunities in Smart Environments”, I am delighted to present this collection of groundbreaking research that addresses the emerging needs and challenges in the field of IoT sensors and smart environments [...]
In Vitro Insights into the Dietary Role of Glucoraphanin and Its Metabolite Sulforaphane in Celiac Disease
Authors: Sonzogni Elisa , Martinelli Giulia , Fumagalli Marco , Maranta Nicole , Pozzoli Carola , Bani Corinne , Marrari Luigi Alberto , Di Lorenzo Chiara , Sangiovanni Enrico , Dell’Agli Mario , Piazza Stefano
Published: August 2024

Sulforaphane is considered the bioactive metabolite of glucoraphanin after dietary consumption of broccoli sprouts. Although both molecules pass through the gut lumen to the large intestine in stable form, their biological impact on the first intestinal tract is poorly described. In celiac patients, the function of the small intestine is affected by celiac disease (CD), whose severe outcomes are controlled by gluten-free dietary protocols. Nevertheless, pathological signs of inflammation and oxidative stress may persist. The aim of this study was to compare the biological activity of sulforaphane with its precursor glucoraphanin in a cellular model of gliadin-induced inflammation. Human intestinal epithelial cells (CaCo-2) were stimulated with a pro-inflammatory combination of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β) and in-vitro-digested gliadin, while oxidative stress was induced by H2O2. LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed that sulforaphane from broccoli sprouts was stable after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. It inhibited the release of all chemokines selected as inflammatory read-outs, with a more potent effect against MCP-1 (IC50 = 7.81 µM). On the contrary, glucoraphanin (50 µM) was inactive. The molecules were unable to counteract the oxidative damage to DNA (γ-H2AX) and catalase levels; however, the activity of NF-κB and Nrf-2 was modulated by both molecules. The impact on epithelial permeability (TEER) was also evaluated in a Transwell® model. In the context of a pro-inflammatory combination including gliadin, TEER values were recovered by neither sulforaphane nor glucoraphanin. Conversely, in the context of co-culture with activated macrophages (THP-1), sulforaphane inhibited the release of MCP-1 (IC50 = 20.60 µM) and IL-1β (IC50 = 1.50 µM) only, but both molecules restored epithelial integrity at 50 µM. Our work suggests that glucoraphanin should not merely be considered as just an inert precursor at the small intestine level, thus suggesting a potential interest in the framework of CD. Its biological activity might imply, at least in part, molecular mechanisms different from sulforaphane.
Dietary Supplementation on Physical Performance and Recovery in Active-Duty Military Personnel: A Systematic Review of Randomized and Quasi-Experimental Controlled Trials
Authors: Harlow Jacie , Blodgett Kylie , Stedman Jenna , Pojednic Rachele
Published: August 2024

Background: Warfighters, often called tactical athletes, seek dietary supplementation to enhance training and recovery. Roughly 69% of active-duty US military personnel have reported consuming dietary supplements. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the impact of dietary supplements on muscle-related physical performance and recovery in active-duty military personnel. Methods: Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental controlled trials of oral dietary supplementation in active-duty military members were examined. A protocol was registered (PROSPERO CRD42023401472), and a systematic search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was undertaken. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies published between 1990–2023 with outcomes of muscle performance and recovery among active-duty military populations. The risk of bias was assessed with the McMaster University Guidelines and Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies. Results: Sixteen studies were included. Four were conducted on protein or carbohydrate; four on beta-alanine alone, creatine alone, or in combination; two on mixed nutritional supplements; two on probiotics alone or in combination with beta hydroxy-beta methylbutyrate calcium; and four on phytonutrient extracts including oregano, beetroot juice, quercetin, and resveratrol. Ten examined outcomes related to physical performance, and six on outcomes of injury or recovery. Overall, protein, carbohydrate, beta-alanine, creatine, and beetroot juice modestly improved performance, while quercetin did not. Protein, carbohydrates, beta-alanine, probiotics, and oregano reduced markers of inflammation, while resveratrol did not. Conclusions: Nutrition supplementation may have small benefits on muscle performance and recovery in warfighters. However, there are significant limitations in interpretation due to the largely inconsistent evidence of ingredients and comparable outcomes. Thus, there is inadequate practical evidence to suggest how dietary supplementation may affect field performance.
Dairy Consumption and Inflammatory Bowel Disease among Arab Adults: A Case–Control Study and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Almofarreh Anas M. , Sheerah Haytham A. , Arafa Ahmed , Al Mubarak Ahmed S. , Ali Aidrous M. , Al-Otaibi Nasser M. , Alzahrani Mohammed A. , Aljubayl Atif R. , Aleid Mohammad A. , Alhamed Suliman S.
Published: August 2024

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), is a complex disease with increasing global incidence and prevalence. Although dairy consumption has been linked to various chronic diseases, its relationship with IBD remains uncertain. Additionally, there is a lack of data on this topic from Arab countries. This study aimed to investigate the association between dairy consumption and IBD through a case–control study among Arab populations, followed by a meta-analysis of available studies. Method: First, we used data from 158 UC patients, 244 CD patients, and 395 controls attending a polyclinic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All participants were aged ≥ 18 years. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of UC and CD for individuals who reported the highest versus the lowest frequencies of dairy consumption. Next, we conducted a meta-analysis, combining our results with those from other eligible studies after searching several databases. We used the I2 statistics to examine statistical heterogeneity across studies and the regression test for funnel plot asymmetry to assess publication bias. Results: The case–control study showed a negative association between frequent dairy consumption and UC (OR (95% CI) = 0.64 (0.41, 1.00)) but not CD (OR (95% CI) = 0.97 (0.65, 1.45)). In the meta-analysis, the highest frequencies of dairy consumption were negatively associated with both UC and CD: ORs (95% CIs) = 0.82 (0.68, 0.98) and 0.72 (0.59, 0.87), respectively. A moderate heterogeneity across studies was noticed in the UC meta-analysis (I2 = 59.58%) and the CD meta-analysis (I2 = 41.16%). No publication bias was detected. Conclusions: Frequent dairy consumption could protect against the development of UC and CD, suggesting potential dietary recommendations in the context of IBD prevention.
Cognitive Function during and after Pregnancy and One-Year Postpartum in Type 1 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ivanisevic Marina , Gasparovic Vesna Elvedji , Herman Mislav , Delmis Josip
Published: August 2024

Background. This study aims to compare the cognitive function of women with T1DM during and after pregnancy, as well as one year post-delivery. Additionally, it aims to investigate the impacts of leptin and body mass index on cognitive function. Methods. A prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted involving 64 pregnant women with T1DM. Cognitive function was assessed using a cognitive assessment battery during the first trimester, immediately after delivery, and one year postpartum for the final assessment. This program evaluates a wide range of cognitive abilities and provides a comprehensive cognitive well-being score (high–moderate–low), identifying strengths and weaknesses in reasoning, memory, attention, coordination, and perception. Results. The average age of the participants was 30.9 years, with a mean diabetes duration of 14.9 years. Pregnant women with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or higher faced an increased risk of reduced cognitive function, memory, and reasoning. Additionally, mothers with lower overall cognitive function and memory levels had significantly higher concentrations of leptin in their blood. Conclusions. Cognitive functions—particularly reasoning and attention—are adversely affected in women with T1DM during pregnancy and shortly after delivery. Elevated BMI and leptin levels can be linked to worse cognitive outcomes in this population.
Anticancer Effects of Secoiridoids—A Scoping Review of the Molecular Mechanisms behind the Chemopreventive Effects of the Olive Tree Components Oleocanthal, Oleacein, and Oleuropein
Authors: Kusuma Ikhwan Yuda , Habibie Habibie , Bahar Muh. Akbar , Budán Ferenc , Csupor Dezső
Published: August 2024

The olive tree (Olea europaea) and olive oil hold significant cultural and historical importance in Europe. The health benefits associated with olive oil consumption have been well documented. This paper explores the mechanisms of the anti-cancer effects of olive oil and olive leaf, focusing on their key bioactive compounds, namely oleocanthal, oleacein, and oleuropein. The chemopreventive potential of oleocanthal, oleacein, and oleuropein is comprehensively examined through this systematic review. We conducted a systematic literature search to identify eligible articles from Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases published up to 10 October 2023. Among 4037 identified articles, there were 88 eligible articles describing mechanisms of chemopreventive effects of oleocanthal, oleacein, and oleuropein. These compounds have the ability to inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis), inhibit angiogenesis, suppress tumor metastasis, and modulate cancer-associated signalling pathways. Additionally, oleocanthal and oleuropein were also reported to disrupt redox hemostasis. This review provides insights into the chemopreventive mechanisms of O. europaea-derived secoiridoids, shedding light on their role in chemoprevention. The bioactivities summarized in the paper support the epidemiological evidence demonstrating a negative correlation between olive oil consumption and cancer risk. Furthermore, the mapped and summarized secondary signalling pathways may provide information to elucidate new synergies with other chemopreventive agents to complement chemotherapies and develop novel nutrition-based anti-cancer approaches.
Health-Promoting Properties and the Use of Fruit Pomace in the Food Industry—A Review
Authors: Raczkowska Ewa , Serek Paweł
Published: August 2024

Fruit pomace, a by-product of the fruit industry, includes the skins, seeds, and pulp most commonly left behind after juice extraction. It is produced in large quantities: apple residues alone generate approximately 4 million tons of waste annually, which is a serious problem for the processing industry but also creates opportunities for various applications. Due to, among other properties, their high content of dietary fiber and polyphenolic compounds, fruit residues are used to design food with functional features, improving the nutritional value and health-promoting, technological, and sensory properties of food products. This article presents the health-promoting (antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial) properties of fruit pomace. Moreover, the possibilities of their use in the food industry are characterized, with particular emphasis on bread, sweet snack products, and extruded snacks. Attention is paid to the impact of waste products from the fruit industry on the nutritional value and technological and sensory characteristics of these products. Fruit pomace is a valuable by-product whose use in the food industry can provide a sustainable solution for waste management and contribute to the development of functional food products with targeted health-promoting properties.
Unraveling the Potential of γ-Aminobutyric Acid: Insights into Its Biosynthesis and Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Zhu Lei , Wang Zhefeng , Gao Le , Chen Xiaoyi
Published: August 2024

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a widely distributed non-protein amino acid that serves as a crucial inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, regulating various physiological functions. As a result of its potential benefits, GABA has gained substantial interest in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries. The enzyme responsible for GABA production is glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), which catalyzes the irreversible decarboxylation of glutamate. Understanding the crystal structure and catalytic mechanism of GAD is pivotal in advancing our knowledge of GABA production. This article provides an overview of GAD’s sources, structure, and catalytic mechanism, and explores strategies for enhancing GABA production through fermentation optimization, metabolic engineering, and genetic engineering. Furthermore, the effects of GABA on the physiological functions of animal organisms are also discussed. To meet the increasing demand for GABA, various strategies have been investigated to enhance its production, including optimizing fermentation conditions to facilitate GAD activity. Additionally, metabolic engineering techniques have been employed to increase the availability of glutamate as a precursor for GABA biosynthesis. By fine-tuning fermentation conditions and utilizing metabolic and genetic engineering techniques, it is possible to achieve higher yields of GABA, thus opening up new avenues for its application in functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Continuous research in this field holds immense promise for harnessing the potential of GABA in addressing various health-related challenges.
Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Intestinal Anastomoses Therapy in Rats—A Review
Authors: Bajramagic Salem , Sever Marko , Rasic Fran , Staresinic Mario , Skrtic Anita , Beketic Oreskovic Lidija , Oreskovic Ivana , Strbe Sanja , Loga Zec Svjetlana , Hrabar Josip , Coric Luka , Prenc Matea , Blagaic Vladimir , Brcic Klara , Boban Blagaic Alenka , Seiwerth Sven , Sikiric Predrag
Published: August 2024

By introducing the healing of many distinctive anastomoses by BPC 157 therapy, this review practically deals with the concept of the resection and reconnection of the hollow parts of the gastrointestinal tract as one of the cornerstones of visceral surgery. In principle, the healing of quite distinctive anastomoses itself speaks for applied BPC 157 therapy, in particular, as a way in which the therapy of anastomoses can be successfully approached and carried out. Some of the anastomoses implicated were esophagogastric, colocolonic, jejunoileal, and ileoileal anastomoses, along with concomitant disturbances, such as esophagitis, sphincter dysfunction, failed intestinal adaptation, colitis, short bowel syndrome, major vessel occlusion, NO-system, and prostaglandins-system dysfunction, which were accordingly counteracted as well, and, finally, findings concerning other anastomoses healing (i.e., nerve and vessel). Moreover, the healing of fistulas, both external and internal, colocutaneous, gastrocutaneous, esophagocutaneous, duodenocutaneous, vesicovaginal, colovesical, and rectovaginal in rats, perceived as anastomoses made between two different tissues which are normally not connected, may also be indicative. This may be a particular reconnection of the parts of the gastrointestinal tract to re-establish adequate integrity depending on the tissue involved, given that both various intestinal anastomoses and various fistulas (intestinal and skin were accordingly healed simultaneously as the fistulas disappeared) were all healed.
Proton Pump Inhibitor Prescription in Nursing Home Residents: Prevalence, Appropriateness, and Associated Factors—A Secondary Data Analysis from Three German Regions and the Impact of Guideline Recommendations
Authors: Wolf Ursula , Wegener Martina
Published: August 2024

Despite reliable evidence of adverse drug effects, the substantially increased prescription rates of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) remain at a high level. This study analyzed the appropriateness of PPI prescriptions among residents of nursing homes in three regions of Germany. Baseline data of a cluster-randomized controlled trial were used to determine the prevalence of PPI prescriptions, the validity of indications, and the adequacy of the prescribed dosages according to 1. their drug approvals and 2. valid recommendation guidelines. Regression analyses were conducted to assess associated factors. A total of 437 residents in 37 nursing homes were included (mean age 83 ± 9.2 years, 72% women). The PPI prescription prevalence was 44% (n = 193). In 52/193 (27%) there was no adequate indication, and in 54 (39%) of 138 indicated PPI prescriptions it was overdosed. Yet, in only less than one-third (28%) of “adequate” prescriptions, the indication was according to the PPI approvals, whereas the majority (72%) were off-label indications in line with valid guideline recommendations. Non-indicated PPI prescription was associated with the total number of prescribed drugs (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.18–1.62; p = 0.013). There were no associations with age, level of care dependency, cognitive impairment, prescription of psychotropic drugs, number of chronic diseases, number of physicians’ consultations, or study region. To conclude, in 55%, the high prescription prevalence among residents was either not indicated or overdosed. In total, only 20% (39/193) of cases of PPI use complied with the approved indications. There is a need for quality control of 1. PPI administration in German nursing homes, and 2. of guideline recommendations expanding the off-label PPI use by 72% within the indication scale, predominantly from wide prescription for low-dose ASA.
Novel Synergistic Approach for Bioactive Macromolecules: Evaluating the Efficacy of Goat Placenta Extract in PEGylated Liposomes and Microspicules for Chemotherapy-Induced Hair Loss
Authors: Sanguanboonyaphong Phitjira , Sritananuwat Phaijit , Duangjit Sureewan , Lapmag Anyamanee , Pumchan Watcharin , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait , Opanasopit Praneet , Rangsimawong Worranan
Published: August 2024

Chemotherapy-induced hair loss is a distressing side effect of cancer treatment, and medical interventions are often needed to address this problem. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the bioactivity of goat placenta (GP) extract on both normal and chemotherapy-induced hair cells and to develop PEGylated liposomes (PL) and microspicule (MS) formulations for promoting hair growth in patients with chemotherapy-induced hair loss. The bioactivities of GP extract on human follicle dermal papilla (HFDP) cells and cells damaged by chemotherapy were assessed. GP extract was incorporated into PLs and MS gel (PL-MS) and then investigated in vitro skin permeation and in vivo studies on the scalps of patients with chemotherapy-induced hair loss. GP extract stimulated HFDP cell proliferation in both normal and cisplatin-damaged cells. PL nanovesicles and MS gel worked synergistically to deliver macromolecular proteins into the skin and hair follicles. The application of GP extract-loaded PL-MS to the scalps of chemotherapy-treated patients for 12 weeks significantly enhanced the hair growth rate, without causing skin irritation. In conclusion, GP extract promoted the proliferation of hair cells damaged by chemotherapy, when this extract, combined with PL-MS, effectively delivered bioactive macromolecules across the skin and hair follicles, resulting in successful regrowth of hair post-chemotherapy.
Costly Causes of Funeral Dissatisfaction and Satisfaction—Responses to an All-Japan Survey
Authors: Becker Carl B. , Taniyama Yozo , Kondo-Arita Megumi , Yamamoto Kayoko
Published: August 2024

Background: Previous research shows that grief causes medical and psychological problems for a substantial minority of the bereaved, which places stress on modern medical and social welfare systems. Other research demonstrates that funeral dissatisfaction correlates with medical and psychological problems, but does not address what aspects of funerals cause greatest satisfaction or dissatisfaction. We examined anonymized survey responses describing aspects of funerals causing the greatest anxiety or relief to bereaved Japanese individuals—and in turn affecting medical/welfare costs for the entire society. Method: A research team centered at Kyoto University collected over 1400 questionnaires from recently bereaved Japanese, of whom more than 300 volunteered anonymous comments about their funeral experiences. This article categorizes and analyses these qualitative data. Results: We classified their comments into 10 themes: Hospital Interaction; Pre-arrangement; Timing good-byes; Attendance; Friends/relations; Rituals; Crematorium; Ceremonial meals; Costs; Follow-up. Conclusions: The greatest disappointment appeared in attendance, connection to friends and relations and rituals. When lacking, insufficient, or ill-handled, these leave long-standing bad memories and dissatisfaction that aggravate mourners’ psychological and physical ailments. Our research highlights the psychological effects of cremation, and the value of itemization and explanation of funeral costs. Funeral directors can significantly reduce dissatisfaction by awareness of and sensitivity to these issues, thus contributing to national health and welfare.
Homiletical Theory as a Pedagogical Paradigm
Authors: McDonald Nicole Danielle
Published: August 2024

Every preacher has a unique homiletical theory evident in their preaching, regardless of whether it is understood through scholarly examination. Homiletical theory is the academic examination of disciplines in the understanding of the methodological functionality in preaching. Historically, theology and rhetoric constitute frames of reference in homiletical theory. However, as the field evolves, other frames of reference emerge, including pastoral care. In this paper, I argue that homiletical theory is a pedagogical paradigm in which the lead partner, either rhetoric or theology, determines the point of departure for teaching, with emphasis on the rhetorical situation or the theological implications. Therefore, understanding one’s homiletical theory can lead to a pedagogical experience that translates to more effective preaching by developing a coherent delineation from theory to praxis. As a case study, I use my approach to teaching students how to preach funerals with a rhetorical point of departure that focuses on answering the existential question: how then shall we live now that our loved one has died?