bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple Shear: Double-Stage Deformation
Authors: Beygelzimer Yan , Valiev Ruslan , Varyukhin Viktor
Published: December 2010

A hypothesis for two-stage character of deformation under load via the simple shear scheme is suggested. At the first stage in the shear strain range , where - the strain parameter, the metal microstructure changes in the way similar to that during elongation. At the second stage at accidental multi-scale rotative motions, similar to turbulent motions in liquids, take place in the metal. This stage of deformation is the proper simple shear. The results of experiments are presented, which testify in favor of the suggested hypothesis.
Magnetic Torque Evaluation for Magnetized Nanoparticles
Authors: Ionita Valentin , Ioan Daniel
Published: December 2010

The efficiency of the magnetic actuation is studied using ideal magnetized nano-ellipsoids under an applied magnetic field. The volumetric magnetic torque is evaluated and the influence of the particle shape, orientation and anisotropy is outlined.
Qualification of YBCO Rings and 100% YBCO Wire Loops with the Transformation of the DC Magnetic Field
Authors: Kósa Janos
Published: December 2010

In this work we present a solution for testing the quality of YBCO rings made from bulk and 100% YBCO wire loops. We used the transformation of the DC magnetic field [1]. Nowadays there are more and more solutions for checking the quality [2]. In this article we show a new method for testing applying the transformation of the DC magnetic field between two independent iron cores inductively.
Improvement of PM-TFMs Characteristics by Flux Path Guiding
Authors: Curiac P. , Kang D.H.
Published: December 2010

A study for the enhancement of effective magnetic flux of Permanent Magnet-Transversal Flux Machines using flux guiding is presented. By taking into account an intrinsic demagnetization curve which considers the leakage flux, the stator winding can be more compact; furthermore, a lighter stator and a more efficient permanent magnet machine can be obtained by using magnetic flux path guiding.
Time Variation of Operational Characteristics for a Linear Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator under Various Load Conditions
Authors: Kimoulakis Nikolaos M. , Kakosimos Panagiotis E. , Kladas Antonios G.
Published: December 2010

The paper presents the simulated time variation of the operational parameters of a Linear Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (LPMSG). A hybrid specific simulation model, incorporating standard finite elements combined with analytical solution of Laplace equation in the air gap area, has been coupled with a dynamic simulation model for the external electrical circuit loading the LPMSG. The proposed model enables the simulation of generator’s overall performance under various load conditions, taking also into account the case of surface magnet skew on the translator of the linear generator.
An Enhanced Multigrid Method for Fast Numerical Computation of the Magnetic Vector Potential
Authors: Arudchelvam T. , Rodger D. , Hoole S.R.H.
Published: December 2010

An enhanced multi-grid method eliminating the error correction process of the conventional multi-grid method is presented for solving Poissonian problems and tested on two simple two-dimensional magnetostatic field problems. The finite element method (FEM) was used to solve for the vector potential in a sequence of grids. The gains in computation time are shown to be immense compared to the standard multi-grid methods, especially as the matrix system grows in size. These gains are very useful in solving electromagnetic problems using the finite element method.
Study of Signal Processing for EMAT
Authors: Nishimura Yoshihiro , Akira Sasamoto , Suzuki Takayuki
Published: December 2010

EMAT using a magnetostrictive effect was employed to detect flaws in the sample with scaled surface. Chromium molybdenum steel samples were annealed from 600 °C to 900°C for two hours to eight hours and subjected to EMAT to survey its signal properties. The signal output was found to have too much noise to identify internal flaws and to reconstruct flaw images in a computer. This study proposes spectrum analysis methods and statistical methods based on the noise probability to decrease this noise.
Estimation of Magnetization Distribution in Permanent Magnet of Brushless DC Motor
Authors: Ishikawa Takeo , Yonetake Kouki , Kurita Nobuyuki , Tsuchiya Masahisa
Published: December 2010

This paper proposes a method to estimate the magnetization distribution in permanent magnet of a Brushless DC motor when the excitation voltage of a magnetizer is changed. First, we show from the experimental results that there is an optimal excitation voltage to reduce the cogging torque of the motor. Next, we show that it is possible to estimate the magnetization distribution in the permanent magnet by using the measured flux density distribution and cogging torque.
Two-Degree-of-Freedom Control of an Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuator
Authors: Sasaki Minoru , Onouchi Yusuke , Tamagawa Hirohisa , Ito Satoshi
Published: December 2010

Mathematical models predicting the behaviour of IMPCs (Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites ) were built and their validity was verified computationally as well as experimentally. A transfer function associating the applied input voltage with the IPMC tip displacement was derived based on results obtained by vibration analysis. Employing the derived transfer function, three mathematical models, based on feed forward, feedback and two-degree-of-freedom models, were formulated. Computational and experimental verification of these models revealed that the feedback and two-degree-of-freedom models were capable of high performance in controlling the bending of an IPMC.
Complete Software Package for Transformer Design Optimization and Economic Evaluation Analysis
Authors: Amoiralis Eleftherios I. , Georgilakis Pavlos S. , Tsili Marina A. , Kladas Antonios G. , Souflaris Athanassios T.
Published: December 2010

In the present paper, a Transformer Design Optimization (TDO) software package is developed providing a user-friendly transformer design and visualization environment. This software consists of a collection of design optimization, visualization and verification tools, able to provide transformer designers all the proper interactive capabilities required for the enhancement of the automated design process of a manufacturing industry.
Two-Dimensional Local Vector Magnetic Property Measurements by Use of Simple Transducers
Authors: Hirukawa Kouji , Nagata Shoichiro , Enokizono Masato
Published: December 2010

A new simple two-dimensional local magnetic property measurement system is presented. In this paper, we developed a new transducer whose two amorphous cores enables measure in a high magnetic induction range. Experimental results show very good agreements with ones of conventional 2-D measurement system.
Magnetoelastic Effects in Nanostructures
Authors: Arnaudas Jose Ignacio , Badia-Majós A. , Berbil-Bautista L. , Bode M. , Castaño F.J. , Ciria M. , De La Fuente C. , Diez-Ferrer J.L. , Krause S. , Ng B.G. , O'Handley Robert C. , Ross C.A. , Wiesendanger Roland
Published: December 2010

Understanding of the relationship between stress and magnetic properties in nanostructures is of both fundamental and practical interest. In the present paper, we illustrate this statement with some recent research results. First, we will see how the magnetoelastic interaction in Dy films controls the magnetic structure at the nanoscale due to the presence of the structural defects and their associated strain fields. Then, it will be shown how the magnetoelastic contribution can dominate the total anisotropy in epitaxial (100) oriented Cu/Ni/Cu nanowires, where the film patterning process performed to produce the nanowires induces strain changes large enough to favor a net in-plane anisotropy transverse to the lines.
Ab Initio Exchange Interactions and Magnetic Properties of Intermetallic Compound Gd2Fe17-XGax
Authors: Kokorina E.E. , Medvedev M.V. , Nekrasov I.A.
Published: December 2010

Intermetallic compounds R2Fe17 are perspective for applications as permanent magnets. For the practical usage, these systems must have the Curie temperature Tc much higher than room temperature and, preferably, an easy axis anisotropy. Nowadays, the highest Tc among the stoichiometric R2Fe17 materials is 476 K, which is not sufficient. There are two possibilities to increase Tc: substitution of Fe ions with non-magnetic elements or introduction of light elements into interstitial positions. In this work we have focused our attention on the substitution scenario of rising the Curie temperature, which was observed experimentally in the Gd2Fe17-xGax (x=0, 3, 6) compounds. In the framework of the LSDA approach the electronic structure and magnetic properties of the compounds were calculated. Ab initio exchange-interaction parameters for all nearest Fe ions in the Fe sublattice were obtained. Employing the theoretical values of exchange parameters, the Curie temperatures Tc of Gd2Fe17-xGax were estimated within the mean-field theory. The obtained values of Tc agree well with experiment. Also the LSDA computed values of total magnetic moment coincide with the experimental ones.
Magnetic Properties of Non-Stoichiometric RNi2Mnx (R = Tb, Dy) Compounds
Authors: Mushnikov N.V. , Gaviko V.S. , Gerasimov E.G. , Terentyev P.B. , Tkach I.A. , Korolyov A.V.
Published: December 2010

Structure and magnetic properties of non-stoichiometric rare earth intermetallic compounds TbNi2Mnx and DyNi2Mnx x have been studied. It was found that for the compositions with x ≤ 1 the alloys retain the single-phase cubic structure despite the fact that the rare earth-to-3d metal ratio changes from 1:2 to 1:3. Magnetic measurements revealed that the Mn alloying leads to a substantial growth of the Curie temperature with a maximum at x ~ 0.5. At low temperatures the magnetization reversal of the Mn-containing samples is characterized by a considerable hysteresis caused by pinning of narrow domain walls by the structure defects. The observed experimental data are discussed within the assumption on a local distortion of the crystal electric field and the formation of a non-collinear magnetic structure of the rare earth sublattice.
Forced Motion of Solitons in the Field of a Pumping Wave
Authors: Kiselev V.V. , Rascovalov A.A.
Published: December 2010

Exact solutions of the Landau – Lifshitz equation are found for a ferromagnet with the easy-axis anisotropy. These solutions describe the interaction of a nonlinear magnetization wave of arbitrary amplitude with solitons, such as breathers, solitary domains and domain walls. The change of the internal structure and physical parameters of the solitons caused by their interaction with the magnetization wave is analyzed. The conditions for the destruction of the solitons by the wave are obtained.
FeNi-Based Film Nanostructures for High Frequency Applications: Design and Characterization
Authors: Kurlyandskaya G.V. , Bhagat S.M. , Svalov Andrey V. , Fernandez Eduardo , García-Arribas Alfredo , Barandiarán José M.
Published: December 2010

FeNi films were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering at different Ar pressures. The structure and magnetic properties of the FeNi films are affected by the Ar pressure. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements were done at a frequency of about 8.85 GHz. Both the value of resonance field and resonance line width show strong dependence on the Ar pressure: the lowest value of the resonance field and the narrowest resonance width correspond to the smallest argon pressure. Increase of the Ar pressure causes the films to have a significant perpendicular anisotropy with the easy axis pointing out of the plane. The magnetic properties and FMR were also studied for the [FeNi(170 nm)/Ti]n/FeNi(170 nm) (n = 1, 2, 5) structures prepared at the smallest Ar pressure. The FMR studies showed that the obtained multilayers are very robust: the value of the resonance field and resonance line width of the [FeNi/Ti]n/FeNi multilayers are very close to the corresponding values for the FeNi films.
Skew Scattering Mechanism by an Ab Initio Approach: Extrinsic Spin Hall Effect in Noble Metals
Authors: Gradhand Martin , Fedorov Dmitry V. , Zahn Peter , Mertig Ingrid
Published: December 2010

We present a first-principles study of the extrinsic spin Hall effect due to skew scattering at substitutional defects in noble metals (Cu, Ag, and Au). The dependence of the spin Hall angle on the type of impurity atoms in the host materials is discussed. We perform a detailed analysis based on the consideration of the total angular momentum dependence on scattering phase shifts of the impurity and host atoms.
Effect of Redistribution of the Optical Spectral Weight in CuO Nanostructured Ceramics
Authors: Makhnev A.A. , Nomerovannaya L.V. , Gizhevskii Boris A. , Naumov Sergey V. , Kostromitina Natalia V.
Published: December 2010

Features of the optical properties of nanostructured samples of cupric oxide CuO prepared by shock wave loading (SWL) and by high pressure torsion (HPT) methods have been investigated by means of spectroscopic ellipsometry in the range of 0.5-5.0 eV. The results for nanostructured samples are discussed in comparison with the measurement data of the CuO single crystal. Dispersion of the components of the complex permittivity in nanostructured CuO samples is significantly different from that for the single crystal. The optical spectral density of the nanostructured CuO is redistributed from the energy region above the fundamental absorption edge to the region below the edge. The shift is unexpected strong for samples prepared by the HPT method. The intensity of the optical spectra is suppressed in the range above the fundamental absorption edge and increases in low-energy one. It has been shown that the energy positions of the main electronic transitions in nanostructured samples on the whole are the same as in the single crystal; at the same time, intensity of the low-energy transitions increases. The possible causes of this increase and resolution of the fine absorption structure of the nanostructured CuO are discussed.
Manganese-Doped CdGeAs2, ZnGeAs2 and ZnSiAs2 Chalcopyrites: A New Advanced Materials for Spintronics
Authors: Morozov A.S. , Koroleva L.A. , Zashchirinskii D.M. , Khapaeva T.M. , Marenkin S.F. , Fedorchenko I.V. , Szymczak R.A. , Krzymanska B.
Published: December 2010

Based on the Mn-doped chalcopyrites CdGeAs2, ZnGeAs2 and ZnSiAs2, new dilute magnetic semiconductors with the p-type conductivity were produced. Magnetization, electrical resistivity and Hall effect of these compositions were studied. Their temperature dependences of magnetization are similar in form in spite of a complicated character, which is controlled by the concentration and mobility of the charge carriers. Thus, for T < 15 K, these curves are characteristic of superparamagnets and for T > 15 K, of a frustrated ferromagnet. In compounds with Zn these two states are diluted by a spinglass-like state. This specific feature is ascribed to attraction of Mn ions occupying neighboring sites and to competition between the carrier-mediated exchange and superexchange interactions. The Curie temperatures of these compounds are above room temperature. These are the highest Curie temperatures in the AIIBIVCV2:Mn systems.
Making Ferromagnetic Heterostructures Si/Zn(1-X)MnXSiAs2 and Ge/Zn(1-X)MnXGeAs2
Authors: Fedorchenko I.V. , Rumiantsev A. , Kuprijanova T. , Kilanski L. , Szymczak R.A. , Dobrowolski W. , Koroleva L.A.
Published: December 2010

The heterostructure ferromagnetic/semiconductor ZnSiAs2/Si was obtained by using the Si-ZnAs2 phase diagram. The magnetic properties of Zn1-XMnXSiAs2 bulk crystals and ferromagnetic layered heterostructures were similar. The same method was used for preparing a ferromagnetic layer ZnGeAs2 on a germanium substrate.
Features of Optical Properties and the Electronic Structure of Nanostructured Oxides of 3d-Metals
Authors: Gizhevskii Boris A. , Sukhorukov Yu.P. , Nomerovannaya L.V. , Makhnev A.A. , Ponosov Yurii S. , Telegin A.V. , Mostovshchikova Elena V.
Published: December 2010

Features of the optical properties of nanostructured strongly correlated oxides CuO, Y3Fe5O12, and FeBO3 in a wide range of energies, which includes both the fundamental absorption region, low-energy electron excitations, and phonon modes have been investigated by methods of optical spectroscopy. Absorption and reflection spectra, Raman spectra, and ellipsometry measurements are carried out on the samples of oxide nanostructured ceramics. High-density nanoceramics were prepared by shock-wave loading and high pressure torsion methods from coarse-grain oxide powders. Strong smearing of the fundamental absorption edge is revealed for all nanoceramics. Anomalous red shift of the absorption edge Eg is found in CuO nanooxide. The features of the optical functions in nanooxides of 3d-metals may be attributed to high defectiveness of nanooxides, peculiarities in the electronic structure of strongly correlated oxides and their tendency to electronic phase separation.
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Nanoparticles of NiCuZn Ferrite Prepared by the Self-Combustion Method
Authors: Jacobo Silvia E. , Aphesteguy Juan C. , Shegoleva N.N , Kurlyandskaya G.V.
Published: December 2010

NiCuZn ferrites were prepared by the sol-gel self-combustion method. Nanosized, homogeneous and highly reactive powders were obtained at relatively low temperatures. In present work the variations of structural, magnetic, and microwave properties of NiCuZn ferrite nanoparticles were studied as a function of the annealing temperature. The analysis of XRD patterns showed that only the spinel phase is present. Cell parameters slightly vary with thermal treatment while a crystalline size increases. Magnetic nanoparticles were mixed with an epoxy resin for reflectivity studies with a microwave vector network analyzer using the microwave-guide method in the range of 7.5 to 13.5GHz. Static saturation magnetization value (measured by SQUID) and microwave absorption show clear dependence on the annealing temperature/particle size and the absorption maximum moves towards the higher frequencies with an increase in the average size of the particles.
Microwave Properties of Mechanosynthesized Fe-Paraffin Nanocomposites
Authors: Maratkanova A.N. , Lomayeva S.F. , Petrov D.A. , Rozanov Konstantin N. , Chulkina A.A. , Nemtsova O.M. , Yelsukov Eugene P.
Published: December 2010

The structure and microwave properties of composites consisting of paraffin as a dielectric host matrix and Fe particles as inclusions have been studied. The composites were prepared by the mechanochemical synthesis and contain 7.7% vol. concentration of the inclusions. The microwave properties were studied in 0.1 to 6 GHz frequency range. The microwave properties of the composites are shown to depend mostly on the size and shape of the inclusions, with the phase composition of the inclusions exerting only a slight effect. With decreasing the inclusions size, the low-frequency peak (300−400 MHz) attributed to the domain wall motion diminishes.
Magnetic Behavior of Carbon–Metal Nanocomposites
Authors: Bagdasarova K.A. , Perov Nikolai S. , Karpacheva G.P. , Pile S.E. , Dzidziguri E.L.
Published: December 2010

. Magnetic properties of carbon–metal nanocomposites were investigated depending on the preparation conditions, metal content and phase composition. Their correlation with the structure is discussed.
On Nature of Resonant Transversal Kerr Effect in InMnAs and GaMnAs Layers
Authors: Gan'shina E.A. , Golik L.L. , Kovalev V.I. , Kun’kova Z.E. , Temiryazeva M.P. , Danilov Y.A. , Vikhrova O.V. , Zvonkov B.N. , Rubacheva A.D. , Tcherbak P.N. , Vinogradov A.N.
Published: December 2010

Optical and magneto-optical properties of In(Ga)MnAs layers fabricated by laser ablation on GaAs(100) substrates were studied. Spectra of the optical constants and the transversal Kerr effect (TKE) depended substantially on the conditions of layer fabrication and testified to the presence of MnAs inclusions in all the samples. The cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence in the layers of inclusions 10-40 nm in size. At room temperature, a strong resonant band was observed in the TKE spectra of some In(Ga)MnAs layers in the energy range 0.5-2.7 eV. The resonant character of the TKE spectra was explained by excitation of surface plasmons in the MnAs nanoclusters embedded in the semiconductor host.
Magnetic Domain Structure and Magnetic Reversal Process of (R,Zr)(Co,Cu,Fe)z Heterogeneous Nanocrystalline Alloys
Authors: Lyakhova M.B. , Semenova E.M. , Pastushenkov Yury G. , Pastushenkov A.G. , Sinekop V.I. , Zezyulina P.A.
Published: December 2010

This work is devoted to the study of the magnetic domain structure (DS) in heterogeneous nanocrystalline alloys (R,Zr)(Co,Cu,Fe)z (R = Sm; z = 6.0-6.7). The methods of optical and atomic force microscopy were used to determine the parameters of micro- and nanostructure («cells») of the alloys. The method of magnetic force microscopy was used to obtain the images of the domain structure of these samples. A comparative analysis of the parameters of the domain and "cellular" structure of the alloys was performed. The dependence of the DS parameters on the parameters of the nanostructure is shown. The mixed mechanism of the magnetic reversal realized in these alloys is discussed.
Enhanced Spin Relaxation in Nanocrystals of Different Geometries
Authors: Henner V.K. , Kharebov P.V. , Sumanasekera Gamini
Published: December 2010

Various coherent magneto-dynamical effects can lead to the phenomenon qualitatively similar to optical super-radiation (SR). To realize SR for spins, a sample should be placed in a passive resonance circuit that, in response to the magnetization motion, generates a feedback magnetic field common for all the spins of the system. The electromagnetic radiation emitted by an assembly of nano-entities (molecules, dots, grains) by way of the feedback effect establishes their coherence thus greatly reducing the duration and enhancing the intensity of the deexcitation pulse.
Transport Properties of FeSi with Cobalt Impurities
Authors: Yurkin G.Y. , Patrin G.S. , Beletsky V.V. , Velikanov D.A.
Published: December 2010

The results of experimental investigations of Fe1-xCoxSi crystals in the impurity limit are presented in this article. We made an attempt to study changes of magnetic properties and conductivity in mixed Fe1-xCoxSi crystals in the impurity limit. Magnetoresistance properties are well described in the framework of Kondo model. The presence of Co-subsystem leads to the occurrence of spin-dependent channel in electron scattering conduction.
Reproducible Synthesis of Magnetic Carbon through Ion Implantation
Authors: Makarova Tatiana L.
Published: December 2010

Comparative study of magnetic properties of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite irradiated with different particles suggests that ions (H+, He+, C+) with the energy in the range of hundreds keV yield larger values of induced magnetization compared to the protons with the energy of several MeV. These values increase with ion fluence but abruptly decrease when the concentration of interstitial defects becomes so large that the graphite stacking sequence is collapsed.
Combined Effects of 2D and 3D Inhomogeneities on the Dynamic Susceptibility of Superlattices
Authors: Ignatchenko V.A. , Tsikalov D.S.
Published: December 2010

The dynamic susceptibility and the one-dimensional density of states (DOS) of an initially sinusoidal superlattice (SL) with simultaneous presence of two-dimensional (2D) phase inhomogeneities that simulate the deformations of the interfaces between the SL’s layers and three-dimensional (3D) amplitude inhomogeneities of the layer material of the SL were investigated. An analytical expression for the averaged Green’s function of the sinusoidal SL with 2D phase inhomogeneities was obtained in the Bourret approximation. It was shown that the effect of increasing asymmetry of heights of the dynamic susceptibility peaks at the edge of the Brillouin zone of the SL, which was found in [6] at increasing the rms fluctuations of 2D inhomogeneities, also takes place at increasing the correlation wave number of such inhomogeneities. It was also shown that the increase of the rms fluctuations of 3D amplitude inhomogeneities in the superlattice with 2D phase inhomogeneities leads to the suppression of the asymmetry effect and to the decrease of the depth of the DOS gap.
Epigenetic Reduction in Invariant NKT Cells following In Utero Vitamin D Deficiency in Mice
Authors: Yu Sanhong , Cantorna Margherita T.
Published: December 2010

Vitamin D status changes with season, but the effect of these changes on immune function is not clear. In this study, we show that in utero vitamin D deficiency in mice results in a significant reduction in invariant NKT (iNKT) cell numbers that could not be corrected by later intervention with vitamin D or 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (active form of the vitamin). Furthermore, this was intrinsic to hematopoietic cells, as vitamin D-deficient bone marrow is specifically defective in generating iNKT cells in wild-type recipients. This vitamin D deficiency-induced reduction in iNKT cells is due to increased apoptosis of early iNKT cell precursors in the thymus. Whereas both the vitamin D receptor and vitamin D regulate iNKT cells, the vitamin D receptor is required for both iNKT cell function and number, and vitamin D (the ligand) only controls the number of iNKT cells. Given the importance of proper iNKT cell function in health and disease, this prenatal requirement for vitamin D suggests that in humans, the amount of vitamin D available in the environment during prenatal development may dictate the number of iNKT cells and potential risk of autoimmunity.
Identification of Endothelial Cell Junctional Proteins and Lymphocyte Receptors Involved in Transendothelial Migration of Human Effector Memory CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Manes Thomas D. , Pober Jordan S.
Published: December 2010

Human effector memory (EM) CD4+ T cells can rapidly transmigrate across an endothelial cell (EC) monolayer in response either to chemokine or to TCR-activating signals displayed by human dermal microvascular EC under conditions of venular shear stress. We previously reported that the TCR-stimulated transendothelial migration (TEM) depends on fractalkine (CX3CL1), PECAM-1 (CD31), and ICAM-1 (CD54) expression by the EC, whereas chemokine-stimulated TEM does not. In this study, we further analyze these responses using blocking mAb and small interfering RNA knockdown to show that TCR-stimulated TEM depends on CD99 on EC as well as on PECAM-1 and depends on nectin-2 (CD112) and poliovirus receptor (CD155) as well as EC ICAM-1. ICAM-1 is engaged by EM CD4+ T cell LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) but not Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18); nectin-2 and poliovirus receptor are engaged by both DNAX accessory molecule-1 (CD226) and Tactile (CD96). EC junctional adhesion molecule-1 (JAM-1), an alternative ligand for LFA-1, contributes exclusively to chemokine-stimulated TEM and ICAM-2 appears to be uninvolved in either pathway. These data further define and further highlight the differences in the two pathways of EM CD4+ T cell recruitment into sites of peripheral inflammation.
Promising Practices for the Prevention and Control of Obesity in the Worksite
Authors: Archer W. Roodly , Batan Marilyn C. , Buchanan Leigh Ramsey , Soler Robin E. , Ramsey David C. , Kirchhofer Ardine , Reyes Michele
Published: December 2010

Purpose.

To identify worksite practices that show promise for promoting employee weight loss.

Data Source.

The following electronic databases were searched from January 1, 1966, through December 31, 2005: CARL Uncover (via Ingenta), CDP, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Library, CRISP, Dissertation Abstracts, EMBASE, ERIC, Health Canada, INFORM (part of ABI/INFORM Proquest), LocatorPlus, New York Academy of Medicine, Ovid MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, PapersFirst, PsycINFO, PubMed, and TRIP.

Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria.

Included studies were published in English, conducted at a worksite, designed for adults (aged ≥18 years), and reported weight-related outcomes.

Data Extraction.

Data were extracted using an online abstraction form.

Data Synthesis.

Studies were evaluated on the basis of study design suitability quality of execution, sample size, and effect size. Changes in weight-related outcomes were used to assess effectiveness.

Results.

The following six promising practices were identified: enhanced access to opportunities for physical activity combined with health education, exercise prescriptions alone, multicomponent educational practices, weight loss competitions and incentives, behavioral practices with incentives, and behavioral practices without incentives.

Conclusions.

These practices will help employers and employees select programs that show promise for controlling and preventing obesity. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[3]:e12–e26.)
Young Children's Weight Trajectories and Associated Risk Factors: Results from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort
Authors: Moss Brian G. , Yeaton William H.
Published: December 2010

Purpose.

To estimate the prevalence of U.S. children's overweight risk and obesity at age 9 months and at age 2 years, to assess weight changes between the two periods, and to examine relationships between weight status (i.e., normal, at risk, or obese) changes and demographic variables.

Design.

Analyses of children's early weight trajectories and related demographic characteristics from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) are presented.

Setting.

United States.

Subjects.

The 9-month-old (n = 8900) and 2-year-old (n = 7500) ECLS-B waves were used to generate nationally representative estimates of obese and at-risk children born in 2001.

Measures.

Measures included child's sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, community locale, geographic region, and weight status.

Analysis.

Logistic and multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine the odds of children's demographic characteristics being related to weight persistence, loss, or gain.

Results.

Approximately one-third of U.S. children were either at risk or obese at 9 months (31.9%) and at 2 years (34.3%). Some children were at greater risk (e.g., Hispanics and low socioeconomic status children), while others had reduced risk (e.g., females and Asian/Pacific Islanders). Additional results from two trajectory models generally corroborated patterns of status change due to weight gain.

Conclusions.

Between age 9 months and age 2 years, U.S. children consistently moved toward less desirable weight status. Obesity risk was not uniform across demographic subgroups, suggesting that health policy might focus on those children at greatest risk. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[3]:190–198.)
The Impact of State Tobacco Control Program Funding Cuts on Teens' Exposure to Tobacco Control Interventions: Evidence from Florida
Authors: Davis Kevin C. , Crankshaw Erik , Farrelly Matthew C. , Niederdeppe Jeff , Watson Kimberly
Published: December 2010

Purpose.

Explore the impact of dramatic budget cuts to the Florida Tobacco Control Program (FTCP) on Florida teens' exposure to tobacco control interventions.

Design.

Survey data on teens in Florida and a comparison sample of the remainder of the United States. Data were collected in six waves between 2002 and 2006, with three waves collected before and three waves collected after the FTCP budget cut in fiscal year (FY) 2004.

Setting.

Florida.

Subjects.

Twelve- to 17-year-old teens in Florida and the remainder of the United States. Between spring 2002 and summer 2006, 7841 interviews of Florida teens and 10,875 interviews of teens in the remainder of the United States were conducted.

Measures.

Exposure to FTCP interventions, including tobacco countermarketing, school and community organizations, and in-school tobacco prevention curricula.

Analysis.

Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test whether declines in Florida youth's exposure to FTCP interventions were associated with the FTCP budget cut.

Results.

Following the FY2004 FTCP budget cut, there were greater declines in teens' exposure to tobacco countermarketing campaigns in Florida compared with the remainder of the United States (odds ratio [OR] = .42; p < .001). The FY2004 budget cut also may have had an impact on exposure to in-school tobacco prevention curricula and school youth organizations (OR = .67; p < .001).

Conclusion.

Program budget cuts in Florida resulted in significant declines in exposure to some FTCP interventions (particularly tobacco countermarketing). Research on the correlates of smoking suggests that these budget cuts could have a significant impact on tobacco-related outcomes among teens. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[3]:176–185.)
A Pilot Walking Program for Mexican-American Women Living in Colonias at the Border
Authors: Mier Nelda , Tanguma Jesus , Millard Ann V. , Villarreal Edna K. , Alen Maria , Ory Marcia G.
Published: December 2010

Purpose.

To test the effectiveness of ¡Vamos a Caminar! (Let's Walk!), an intervention for Mexican-American women living in economically disadvantaged, poorly urbanized areas in the South Texas border region.

Design.

This was a nonexperimental, one-group, pretest and posttest intervention with a duration of 12 weeks.

Setting.

The intervention was conducted in Hidalgo County, Texas, 1 of the 10 poorest counties in the United States, located at the border with Mexico. Participants resided in areas known as colonias, which are unincorporated and impoverished settlements along the border where many people live in trailers or self-built houses and lack basic services.

Subjects.

Spanish-speaking Mexican-American women (n = 16) 18 years of age and older.

Intervention.

The program was home-based, culturally sensitive, theoretically driven, and facilitated by community health workers.

Measures.

Changes in walking levels, depressive symptoms, and stress levels were assessed.

Analysis.

Descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test were used.

Results.

A majority of participants were unemployed, had low levels of education, were born in Mexico, and were obese. After exposure to the program, the participants reported a significant increase in walking (915.8 metabolic equivalent min/wk; p = .002) and lower depressive symptoms (p = .055) and stress level scores (p = .017).

Conclusions.

Culturally sensitive programs promoting walking in underserved, minority populations are promising in reducing physical activity disparities. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[3]:172–175.)
Peers, Tobacco Advertising, and Secondhand Smoke Exposure Influences Smoking Initiation in Diverse Adolescents
Authors: Voorhees Carolyn C. , Ye Cong , Carter-Pokras Olivia , MacPherson Laura , Kanamori Mariano , Zhang Guangyu , Chen Lu , Fiedler Robert
Published: December 2010

Purpose.

Identify demographic, social, and environmental factors associated with smoking initiation in a large, racially and ethnically diverse sample of underage youth participating in the 2006 Maryland Youth Tobacco Survey.

Design.

Cross-sectional, multistage, probability sample survey.

Setting.

Schools (308 middle and high schools) in Maryland.

Subjects.

Subjects were 12- to 17-year-old adolescents participating in a school-based survey. New smokers and nonsmokers were included in the analysis (n = 57,072).

Measures.

Social and media influence, secondhand smoke exposure, tobacco product use, and demographic information including age, race/ethnicity, and geographic region.

Analysis.

Chi-square and multiple logistic regression analyses controlling for clustering.

Results.

Hispanic and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander youth were most likely and Asian and Black youth were least likely to be new smokers. Smoking initiation was positively associated with higher age, living with a current smoker, secondhand smoke exposure, exposure to advertisements for tobacco products, having more friends that smoke, tobacco products offered by friends, risk perceptions, and use of other tobacco products such as smokeless tobacco and cigars. Multivariate logistic regression results suggested that composite measures of peer influence, advertising exposure, and secondhand smoke exposure were independently associated with smoking initiation.

Conclusions.

Media, peer influence, and secondhand smoke exposure were the most important factors influencing smoking initiation and were common to all racial/ethnic groups in this study. Interventions combining targeted public awareness, education, and media campaigns directed at parents/guardians should be investigated. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[3]:e1–e11.)
The essence of the competence concept: Adopting an organization's sustained competitive advantage viewpoint
Authors: Chen Hai Ming , Chang Wen Yen
Published: December 2010

Previous scholars considered competence a ‘fuzzy concept’ and addressed confusions such as ‘competency vs. competence’ and ‘competence vs. core competence’. However, the issue ‘What is the essence of employee competence?’ remains unclear. By inference, the essence of competence is addressed in adoption of an organization's sustained competitive advantage viewpoint different from the traditional viewpoint of enhancing individual employability. This paper contends that employee competence is strategically driven by organizational core competence. Psychologically, employee competence and organizational core competence are similar and linked in terms of person–organization fit and person–job fit. A contextual competence framework is established enlightening the essence of employee competence and redefines competence as a ‘temporary asset’ rooted in the interactively organizational context. Contextual variables including shared values, mutual trust and mutual investment bolster the alignment between employee competence and organizational core competence and develop employee competence as firm-specific, thus becoming a source for sustained organizational competitive advantage.
Dispensing of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists to Adolescents and Young Adults, 2020-2023
Authors: Lee Joyce M. , Sharifi Mona , Oshman Lauren , Griauzde Dina H. , Chua Kao-Ping
Published: May 2024

This study uses data from US retail pharmacies to assess national GLP-1RA dispensing to adolescents and young adults from 2020-2023.
Measuring Signs of Atopic Dermatitis in Clinical Practice
Authors: Jacobson Michael E. , Leshem Yael A. , Apfelbacher Christian , Spuls Phyllis I. , Gerbens Louise A. A. , Thomas Kim S. , Williams Hywel C. , Katoh Norito , Howells Laura , Schmitt Jochen , Deckert Stefanie , Seshadri Rishi , Simpson Eric L. ,   Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) initiative
Published: May 2024

Importance

Outcome measurement is an essential component of value-based health care and can aid patient care, quality improvement, and clinical effectiveness evidence generation. The Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema Clinical Practice initiative aims to identify a list of validated, feasible, outcome measurement instruments recommended to measure atopic dermatitis (AD) in the clinical practice setting. The clinical practice set is a list of instruments that clinicians can pick and choose from to suit their needs in the context of clinical care.

Objective

To recommend instruments to measure clinical signs of AD in clinical practice.

Evidence Review

Following the predefined roadmap, a mixed methods design was implemented and incorporated systematic reviews and qualitative consensus methods. Previous systematic reviews identified few clinical signs instruments with sufficient validation for recommendation. An updated systematic review evaluating the validity of clinical signs instruments informed an international meeting to reach consensus on recommended instruments to measure AD clinical signs in clinical practice. Consensus was defined as less than 30% disagreement. An in-person consensus exercise was held in Montreal, Canada, on October 16, 2022. The 34 attendees included patient and patient advocate research partners, health care professionals, researchers, methodologists, and industry representatives.

Findings

The updated systematic review found that the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Scoring Atopic Dermatitis, and objective Scoring Atopic Dermatitis were the only instruments that demonstrated sufficient performance in all assessed measurement properties. The modified EASI and Signs Global Assessment × Body Surface Area instruments were also recommended. The EASI, Validated Investigator Global Assessment, and Investigator’s Global Assessment multiplied by or measured concurrently with a body surface area measure achieved consensus in criteria and were adopted.

Conclusions and Relevance

This consensus statement by the Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema initiative suggests that when assessing and documenting clinical signs of AD, there are several valid and feasible instruments that can best fit a clinician’s specific practice needs. These instruments should improve and standardize the documentation of signs severity, help determine the effect of treatment, facilitate the generation of clinical effectiveness evidence, and enhance the implementation of value-based health care.
Patterns of Melatonin Use in a Diverse National Pediatric Sample
Authors: Sadikova Ekaterina , Rakesh Divyangana , Tiemeier Henning
Published: May 2024

This cohort study examines patterns of melatonin use among participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study and characterizes factors associated with use.
Surfaceome: a new era in the discovery of immune evasion mechanisms of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Masmoudi Doryan , Vialaret Jérome , Hirtz Christophe , Alix‐Panabières Catherine
Published: May 2024

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that detach from the original site and reach the bloodstream. The most aggressive CTCs survive various immune system attacks and initiate metastasis formation. Importantly, CTCs are not specifically targeted by the current immunotherapies due to the limited knowledge on specific targets. Proteomic profiling can be a powerful tool for understanding some of the immune evasion mechanisms used by cancer cells and particularly CTCs. These mechanisms are generally linked to the expression of specific surface proteins/peptides (i.e. the surfaceome). The study of the peptides that bind to class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC‐I) and of the various glycoproteins expressed on CTC surface may open a completely new avenue for the discovery of novel mechanisms of immune evasion. In this review, we discuss how immunopeptidomic and glycoproteomic studies of CTCs that interact with immune cells could help to better understand how metastasis‐initiator CTCs escape the host immune response. We also describe how immunopeptidomic and glycoproteomic studies are carried out.
Toward Multiscale, Multimaterial 3D Printing
Authors: Zhu Cheng , Gemeda Hawi B. , Duoss Eric B. , Spadaccini Christopher M.
Published: May 2024

Biological materials and organisms possess the fundamental ability to self‐organize, through which different components are assembled from the molecular level up to hierarchical structures with superior mechanical properties and multifunctionalities. These complex composites inspire material scientists to design new engineered materials by integrating multiple ingredients and structures over a wide range. Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has advantages with respect to fabricating multiscale and multi‐material structures. The need for multifunctional materials is driving 3D printing techniques toward arbitrary 3D architectures with the next level of complexity. In this paper, the aim is to highlight key features of those 3D printing techniques that can produce either multiscale or multimaterial structures, including innovations in printing methods, materials processing approaches, and hardware improvements. Several issues and challenges related to current methods are discussed. Ultimately, the authors also provide their perspective on how to realize the combination of multiscale and multimaterial capabilities in 3D printing processes and future directions based on emerging research.
Association of LIfestyle for BRAin health risk score (LIBRA) and genetic susceptibility with incident dementia and cognitive decline
Authors: Neuffer Jeanne , Wagner Maude , Moreno Elisa , Le Grand Quentin , Mishra Aniket , Trégouët David‐Alexandre , Leffondre Karen , Proust‐Lima Cécile , Foubert‐Samier Alexandra , Berr Claudine , Tzourio Christophe , Helmer Catherine , Debette Stéphanie , Samieri Cécilia
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

Evaluating whether genetic susceptibility modifies the impact of lifestyle‐related factors on dementia is critical for prevention.

METHODS

We studied 5170 participants from a French cohort of older persons free of dementia at baseline and followed for up to 17 years. The LIfestyle for BRAin health risk score (LIBRA) including 12 modifiable factors was constructed at baseline (higher score indicating greater risk) and was related to both subsequent cognitive decline and dementia incidence, according to genetic susceptibility to dementia (reflected by the apolipoprotein E [APOE] ε4 allele and a genetic risk score [GRS]).

RESULTS

The LIBRA was associated with higher dementia incidence, with no significant effect modification by genetics (hazard ratio for one point score = 1.09 [95% confidence interval, 1.05; 1.13]) in APOE ε4 non‐carriers and = 1.15 [1.08; 1.22] in carriers; P = 0.15 for interaction). Similar findings were obtained with the GRS and with cognitive decline.

DISCUSSION

Lifestyle‐based prevention may be effective whatever the genetic susceptibility to dementia.
The impact of official development aid flows on business internationalisation
Authors: Paredes Nachón Francisco Javier , López‐Duarte Cristina , Vidal‐Suárez Marta M.
Published: May 2024

This article analysis how official development aid (ODA) flows impact the international growth opportunities and processes of private firms in donor and recipient countries. It explores the differentiated impact of bilateral and multilateral aid flows, as well as flows coming from the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and non‐DAC donors. The study relies on a systematic literature review of the empirical articles published between 2005 and 2021 in internationally recognised academic journals. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the topic and identifies conclusive findings, existing gaps, avenues for future research and policy implications. Overall, the literature shows a positive impact of ODA flows on the international growth opportunities for firms in donor countries, whether derived from their direct engagement in aid‐financed projects or from non‐direct effects like the reputational capital and positive image accrued by donor countries in recipient ones. Conversely, empirical evidence relative to the impact on firms in recipient nations is mixed and points to the existence of factors that condition the impact of ODA flows, among them, the institutional strength in recipient countries and the formulas through which ODA flows are channelled.
Non‐nodal mantle cell lymphoma mimicking hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Nato Yuma , Nagaharu Keiki , Imai Hiroshi , Miyashita Hiroyuki
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case of non‐nodal mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) showcases atypical hairy cell‐like features, distinguishing it via next‐generation sequencing. Despite a TP53 mutation indicating poor prognosis, our case followed an indolent course, highlighting the importance of genetic testing and phenotypical examination in MCL.