bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turkey at a Crossroads? The 2017 Referendum's Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Bostan-Unsal Fatma
Published: May 2018

A thorough assessment of Turkey's 2017 constitutional referendum requires a review of (1) the process that led to the formulation of the changes; (2) the amendments’ impact on the judiciary; (3) the risks posed by the emerging regime after the implementation of the changes or, in other words, the political governance structure of Turkey after 2019; and (4) the opportunities and dangers facing Turkey's democracy within the current context. The analysis below indicates that the amendments adopted under a state of emergency might result in an irreversible power grab and risk democratic collapse but also offer an opportunity to reconstruct Turkey's political sphere to better address challenges to its democracy.
Incentive Effects of Cash Benefits among Young People. A Natural Experiment from Norway
Authors: DRANGE IDA , JAKOBSSON NIKLAS
Published: May 2018

Prior research on active labour market programmes (ALMPs) for young people has revealed either no effect or negative effects on transition rates into employment. In addition to accessing the programme content, participation in ALMPs bestows the right to a supplementary benefit. Yet, the direct effect of this benefit on the use and outcome of ALMPs remains largely unknown. We study the effects of a Norwegian policy that pays much higher benefits to recipients when they reach 19 years of age. This policy provides a natural experimental setting that allows us to utilise the age discontinuity to observe whether young people are more likely to become benefit recipients after their nineteenth birthday, and to estimate the effect of benefits on the labour supply. As age determines the increase in benefits rather than need, it creates a random and exogenous variation in the criteria for allocating cash benefits. We use Norwegian administrative register data that cover all 18 to 19 year olds during the period 2003 to 2012. We find no effect on programme take-up or employment rates. Hence, benefits do not work against the aim of ALMPs and young people's responsiveness to financial incentives cannot explain such programmes’ lack of effects.
UNIFORM INFERENCE IN HIGH-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC PANEL DATA MODELS WITH APPROXIMATELY SPARSE FIXED EFFECTS
Authors: Kock Anders Bredahl , Tang Haihan
Published: May 2018

We establish oracle inequalities for a version of the Lasso in high-dimensional fixed effects dynamic panel data models. The inequalities are valid for the coefficients of the dynamic and exogenous regressors. Separate oracle inequalities are derived for the fixed effects. Next, we show how one can conduct uniformly valid inference on the parameters of the model and construct a uniformly valid estimator of the asymptotic covariance matrix which is robust to conditional heteroskedasticity in the error terms. Allowing for conditional heteroskedasticity is important in dynamic models as the conditional error variance may be nonconstant over time and depend on the covariates. Furthermore, our procedure allows for inference on high-dimensional subsets of the parameter vector of an increasing cardinality. We show that the confidence bands resulting from our procedure are asymptotically honest and contract at the optimal rate. This rate is different for the fixed effects than for the remaining parts of the parameter vector.
Assessment in Work Productivity and the Relationship with Cognitive Symptoms (AtWoRC): primary analysis from a Canadian open-label study of vortioxetine in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD)
Authors: Chokka Pratap , Bougie Joanna , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Proulx Jean
Published: May 2018

Objective

The Assessment in Work Productivity and the Relationship with Cognitive Symptoms (AtWoRC) study aimed to assess the association between cognitive symptoms and work productivity in gainfully employed patients receiving vortioxetine for a major depressive episode (MDE).

Methods

Patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) and treated with vortioxetine independently of study enrollment were assessed over 52 weeks at visits that emulated a real-life setting. Patients were classified as those receiving vortioxetine as the first treatment for their current MDE (first treatment) or having shown inadequate response to a previous antidepressant (switch). The primary endpoint was the correlation between changes in patient-reported cognitive symptoms (20-item Perceived Deficits Questionnaire [PDQ-D-20]) and changes in work productivity loss (Work Limitations Questionnaire [WLQ]) at week 12. Additional assessments included changes in symptom and disease severity, cognitive performance, functioning, work loss, and safety.

Results

In the week 12 primary analysis, 196 eligible patients at 26 Canadian sites were enrolled, received at least one treatment dose, and attended at least one postbaseline study visit. This analysis demonstrated a significant, strong correlation between PDQ-D-20 and WLQ productivity loss scores (r=0.634; p<0.001), and this correlation was significant in both first treatment and switch patients (p<0.001). A weaker correlation between Digit Symbol Substitution Test and WLQ scores was found (r=−0.244; p=0.003).

Conclusion

At 12 weeks, improvements in cognitive dysfunction were significantly associated with improvements in workplace productivity in patients with MDD, suggesting a role for vortioxetine in functional recovery in MDD.
Screening for delirium with the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC): Symptom profile and utility of individual items in the identification of delirium dependent on the level of sedation
Authors: Boettger Soenke , Meyer Rafael , Richter André , Fernandez Susana Franco , Rudiger Alain , Schubert Maria , Jenewein Josef , Nuñez David Garcia
Published: May 2018

Objective

The importance of the proper identification of delirium, with its high incidence and adversities in the intensive care setting, has been widely recognized. One common screening instrument is the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC); however, the symptom profile and key features of delirium dependent on the level of sedation have not yet been evaluated.

Method

In this prospective cohort study, the ICDSC was evaluated versus the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition, text revision, diagnosis of delirium set as standard with respect to the symptom profile, and correct identification of delirium. The aim of this study was to identify key features of delirium in the intensive care setting dependent on the Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale levels of sedation: drowsiness versus alert and calmness.

Result

The 88 delirious patients of 225 were older, had more severe disease, and prolonged hospitalization. Irrespective of the level of sedation, delirium was correctly classified by items related to inattention, disorientation, psychomotor alterations, inappropriate speech or mood, and symptom fluctuation. In the drowsy patients, inattention reached substantial sensitivity and specificity, whereas psychomotor alterations and sleep-wake cycle disturbances were sensitive lacked specificity. The positive prediction was substantial across items, whereas the negative prediction was only moderate. In the alert and calm patient, the sensitivities were substantial for psychomotor alterations, sleep-wake cycle disturbances, and symptom fluctuations; however, these fluctuations were not specific. The positive prediction was moderate and the negative prediction substantial. Between the nondelirious drowsy and alert, the symptom profile was similar; however, drowsiness was associated with alterations in consciousness.

Significance of results

In the clinical routine, irrespective of the level of sedation, delirium was characterized by the ICDSC items for inattention, disorientation, psychomotor alterations, inappropriate speech or mood and symptom fluctuation. Further, drowsiness caused altered levels of consciousness.
Species-specific transcriptomic network inference of interspecies interactions
Authors: McClure Ryan S , Overall Christopher C , Hill Eric A , Song Hyun-Seob , Charania Moiz , Bernstein Hans C , McDermott Jason E , Beliaev Alexander S
Published: May 2018

The advent of high-throughput ‘omics approaches coupled with computational analyses to reconstruct individual genomes from metagenomes provides a basis for species-resolved functional studies. Here, a mutual information approach was applied to build a gene association network of a commensal consortium, in which a unicellular cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP1 supported the heterotrophic growth of Meiothermus ruber strain A. Specifically, we used the context likelihood of relatedness (CLR) algorithm to generate a gene association network from 25 transcriptomic datasets representing distinct growth conditions. The resulting interspecies network revealed a number of linkages between genes in each species. While many of the linkages were supported by the existing knowledge of phototroph-heterotroph interactions and the metabolism of these two species several new interactions were inferred as well. These include linkages between amino acid synthesis and uptake genes, as well as carbohydrate and vitamin metabolism, terpenoid metabolism and cell adhesion genes. Further topological examination and functional analysis of specific gene associations suggested that the interactions are likely to center around the exchange of energetically costly metabolites between T. elongatus and M. ruber. Both the approach and conclusions derived from this work are widely applicable to microbial communities for identification of the interactions between species and characterization of community functioning as a whole.
Molecular polarizability anisotropy of liquid water revealed by terahertz-induced transient orientation
Authors: Zalden Peter , Song Liwei , Wu Xiaojun , Huang Haoyu , Ahr Frederike , Mücke Oliver D. , Reichert Joscha , Thorwart Michael , Mishra Pankaj Kr. , Welsch Ralph , Santra Robin , Kärtner Franz X. , Bressler Christian
Published: May 2018

Reaction pathways of biochemical processes are influenced by the dissipative electrostatic interaction of the reagents with solvent water molecules. The simulation of these interactions requires a parametrization of the permanent and induced dipole moments. However, the underlying molecular polarizability of water and its dependence on ions are partially unknown. Here, we apply intense terahertz pulses to liquid water, whose oscillations match the timescale of orientational relaxation. Using a combination of terahertz pump / optical probe experiments, molecular dynamics simulations, and a Langevin dynamics model, we demonstrate a transient orientation of their dipole moments, not possible by optical excitation. The resulting birefringence reveals that the polarizability of water is lower along its dipole moment than the average value perpendicular to it. This anisotropy, also observed in heavy water and alcohols, increases with the concentration of sodium iodide dissolved in water. Our results enable a more accurate parametrization and a benchmarking of existing and future water models.
Liquid phase blending of metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Longley Louis , Collins Sean M. , Zhou Chao , Smales Glen J. , Norman Sarah E. , Brownbill Nick J. , Ashling Christopher W. , Chater Philip A. , Tovey Robert , Schönlieb Carola-Bibiane , Headen Thomas F. , Terrill Nicholas J. , Yue Yuanzheng , Smith Andrew J. , Blanc Frédéric , Keen David A. , Midgley Paul A. , Bennett Thomas D.
Published: May 2018

The liquid and glass states of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently become of interest due to the potential for liquid-phase separations and ion transport, alongside the fundamental nature of the latter as a new, fourth category of melt-quenched glass. Here we show that the MOF liquid state can be blended with another MOF component, resulting in a domain structured MOF glass with a single, tailorable glass transition. Intra-domain connectivity and short range order is confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and pair distribution function measurements. The interfacial binding between MOF domains in the glass state is evidenced by electron tomography, and the relationship between domain size and Tg investigated. Nanoindentation experiments are also performed to place this new class of MOF materials into context with organic blends and inorganic alloys.
RegenDbase: a comparative database of noncoding RNA regulation of tissue regeneration circuits across multiple taxa
Authors: King Benjamin L. , Rosenstein Michael C. , Smith Ashley M. , Dykeman Christina A. , Smith Grace A. , Yin Viravuth P.
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Regeneration is an endogenous process of tissue repair that culminates in complete restoration of tissue and organ function. While regenerative capacity in mammals is limited to select tissues, lower vertebrates like zebrafish and salamanders are endowed with the capacity to regenerate entire limbs and most adult tissues, including heart muscle. Numerous profiling studies have been conducted using these research models in an effort to identify the genetic circuits that accompany tissue regeneration. Most of these studies, however, are confined to an individual injury model and/or research organism and focused primarily on protein encoding transcripts. Here we describe RegenDbase, a new database with the functionality to compare and contrast gene regulatory pathways within and across tissues and research models. RegenDbase combines pipelines that integrate analysis of noncoding RNAs in combination with protein encoding transcripts. We created RegenDbase with a newly generated comprehensive dataset for adult zebrafish heart regeneration combined with existing microarray and RNA-sequencing studies on multiple injured tissues. In this current release, we detail microRNA–mRNA regulatory circuits and the biological processes these interactions control during the early stages of heart regeneration. Moreover, we identify known and putative novel lncRNAs and identify their potential target genes based on proximity searches. We postulate that these candidate factors underscore robust regenerative capacity in lower vertebrates. RegenDbase provides a systems-level analysis of tissue regeneration genetic circuits across injury and animal models and addresses the growing need to understand how noncoding RNAs influence these changes in gene expression.
Author Correction: MAD2B acts as a negative regulatory partner of TCF4 on proliferation in human dermal papilla cells
Authors: Yu Nanlan , Song Zhiqiang , Zhang Kezhou , Yang Xichuan
Published: May 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Longevity extension in Drosophila through gut-brain communication
Authors: Westfall Susan , Lomis Nikita , Prakash Satya
Published: May 2018

Aging and chronic disease development are multifactorial processes involving the cumulative effects of metabolic distress, inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics. Recently, variations in the gut microbiota have been associated with age-related phenotypes and probiotics have shown promise in managing chronic disease progression. In this study, novel probiotic and synbiotic formulations are shown to combinatorially extend longevity in male Drosophila melanogaster through mechanisms of gut-brain-axis communication with implications in chronic disease management. Both the probiotic and synbiotic formulations rescued markers of metabolic stress by managing insulin resistance and energy regulatory pathways. Both formulations also ameliorated elevations in inflammation, oxidative stress and the loss of mitochondrial complex integrity. In almost all the measured pathways, the synbiotic formulation has a more robust impact than its individual components insinuating its combinatorial effect. The concomitant action of the gut microbiota on each of the key risk factors of aging and makes it a powerful therapeutic tool against neurodegeneration, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and other age-related chronic diseases.
Identification of a peptide for folate receptor alpha by phage display and its tumor targeting activity in ovary cancer xenograft
Authors: Xing Lijun , Xu Yifeng , Sun Keyong , Wang Hong , Zhang Fengguo , Zhou Zhengpin , Zhang Juan , Zhang Fang , Caliskan Bilgen , Qiu Zheng , Wang Min
Published: May 2018

The expression level of folate receptor alpha (FRα) is located highly rate in ovarian cancer though it is remained absent in normal tissues. This highly tumor restricted expression profile makes FRα a promising target for tumor therapy and diagnosis. In this research we report a FRα binding peptide C7(Met-His-Thr-Ala-Pro-Gly-Trp-Gly-Tyr-Arg-Leu-Ser) discovered by phage display and this peptide showed specific binding to FRα expressing cells by cell ELISA and flow cytometry. Tumor targeting ability of C7 was proved in vivo by both phage homing experiment and fluorescence imaging. C7 can be internalized by SKOV3 cells and its affinity to FRα was determined by MST. The molecular recognition was revealed by structure modeling, suggesting its binding mode with FRα.
Site-specific cross-linking of proteins to DNA via a new bioorthogonal approach employing oxime ligation
Authors: Pujari Suresh S. , Zhang Yi , Ji Shaofei , Distefano Mark D. , Tretyakova Natalia Y.
Published: May 2018

Model site-specific DNA–protein cross-link formation by bioorthogonal oxime ligation.
Standing, lying, and sitting: translating building principles of the cell membrane to synthetic 2D material interfaces
Authors: Claridge S. A.
Published: May 2018

Lessons can be drawn from cell membranes in controlling noncovalent functionalization of 2D materials to optimize interactions with the environment.
Paraffinic metal–organic polyhedrons: solution-processable porous modules exhibiting three-dimensional molecular order
Authors: Omoto Kenichiro , Hosono Nobuhiko , Gochomori Mika , Kitagawa Susumu
Published: May 2018

Metal–organic polyhedral cages with paraffinic side chains are designed as “porous modules” that self-organize into three-dimensional ordered structures and form into a self-supporting film, affording solution processable porous materials.
Two structurally diverse Zn-based coordination polymers with excellent antibacterial activity
Authors: Colinas Ian R. , Rojas-Andrade Mauricio D. , Chakraborty Indranil , Oliver Scott R. J.
Published: May 2018

Two novel Zn-based coordination polymers with unique structural properties display an exceptional antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
CO2 adsorption on gas-phase Cu4−xPtx (x = 0–4) clusters: a DFT study
Authors: Gálvez-González Luis E. , Juárez-Sánchez J. Octavio , Pacheco-Contreras Rafael , Garzón Ignacio L. , Paz-Borbón Lauro Oliver , Posada-Amarillas Alvaro
Published: May 2018

Transition and noble metal clusters have proven to be critical novel materials, potentially offering major advantages over conventional catalysts in a range of value-added catalytic processess such as carbon dioxide transformation to methanol.
Heptamolybdate: a highly active sulfide oxygenation catalyst
Authors: Porter Ashlin G. , Hu Hanfeng , Liu Xuemei , Raghavan Adharsh , Adhikari Sarju , Hall Derrick R. , Thompson Dylan J. , Liu Bin , Xia Yu , Ren Tong
Published: May 2018

[Mo2O11]2− identified as the active species in H2O2 oxygenation of sulfides catalyzed by heptamolybdate using in situ nano-ESI MS analysis.
Synthesis of ternary group 13/15 chain compounds
Authors: Köster Marcel , Kreher Annikka , von Hänisch Carsten
Published: May 2018

A seven heteroatom chain molecule (see figure) of the composition HB{N(H)PtBu2BH3}2 was obtained from the reaction of tBu2PNH2 with H3B·SMe2.
Amido Ca(ii) complexes supported by Schiff base ligands for catalytic cross-dehydrogenative coupling of amines with silanes
Authors: Forosenko Natalia V. , Basalov Ivan V. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Fukin Georgy K. , Shubina Elena S. , Trifonov Alexander A.
Published: May 2018

Heteroleptic Ca(ii) amides coordinated by multidentate phenolato ligands proved to be efficient catalysts for catalytic cross-dehydrogenative coupling of amines with silanes.
Hydrogen-bonded metallo-supramolecular polymers based on ruthenium or iron complexes for the selective extraction of single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Oka Shota , Ozawa Hiroaki , Yoshikawa Kai , Ikeda Tomiki , Haga Masa-aki
Published: May 2018

Selective extraction of semiconducting SWNT via entangled surface modification by H-bonded metallo-supramolecular polymer was achieved.
The protective effects of selenium-enriched Spirulina platensis on chronic alcohol-induced liver injury in mice
Authors: Fu Xiang , Zhong Zhiwen , Hu Feng , Zhang Yi , Li Chunxia , Yan Peng , Feng Lixue , Shen Jinglian , Huang Bei
Published: May 2018

Se-SP prevents alcohol-induced liver damage due to its function in the recovery of antioxidase activities and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Se-SP is protective against alcohol-induced liver injury by suppressing cell apoptosis, accompanied by autophagy and pyroptosis.
Hydrogenolysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-dimethylfuran over supported Pt–Co bimetallic catalysts under mild conditions
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Liu Yuzi , Liang Xinhua
Published: May 2018

Pt–Co bimetallic catalysts were prepared by atomic layer deposition for the hydrogenolysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-dimethylfuran reaction, and the yield was up to 92% under mild reaction conditions.
Tetranuclear iron carbonyl complexes with a central tin atom: relationship to iron carbonyl carbides
Authors: Gong Xiaoli , Zhu Liyao , Zhao Jufeng , Cui Guangmang , Lu Xinmiao , Xie Yaoming , King R. Bruce
Published: May 2018

The energetics of CO dissociation from the lowest energy EFe4(CO)n (E = C, Sn; n = 16, 15, 14, 13) structures account for the experimentally observed differences between the systems with central tin and central carbon atoms.
Nanoscale defolding influence of polypeptides in the charge-transfer process through an organic–inorganic nanohybrid system
Authors: Roy Partha , Kantor-Uriel Nirit , Sunda Anurag Prakash
Published: May 2018

A biologically important polypeptide [with an alternate sequence of alanine (ALA) and 2-aminobutyric acid (AiB)] is used as a linker molecule to investigate the charge-transfer phenomenon between CdSe nanoparticle (NP) (diameter ∼6–7 nm) assemblies and gold (Au) substrates.
Activation of disulfide bond cleavage triggered by hydrophobization and lipophilization of functionalized dihydroasparagusic acid
Authors: Inagaki Fuyuhiko , Momose Miyuki , Maruyama Naoya , Matsuura Kenkyo , Matsunaga Tsukasa , Mukai Chisato
Published: May 2018

Introduction of a hydrophilic group into dihydroasparagusic acid (DHAA) indicated higher reduction ability of disulfide in protein and lower air oxidation.
Synthesis of pH-cleavable poly(trimethylene carbonate)-based block copolymers via ROP and RAFT polymerization
Authors: Sun Jingjiang , Fransen Stefan , Yu Xiaoqian , Kuckling Dirk
Published: May 2018

pH-responsive PDMAAm-b-PTMC block copolymers and their particles were prepared by combining ROP and RAFT polymerization using imine-containing macro-RAFT CTA.
Carbocyclization approaches to electron-deficient nanographenes and their analogues
Authors: Zhylitskaya Halina , Stępień Marcin
Published: May 2018

Versatile π-aromatic building blocks and selective coupling transformations enable rapid assembly of complex electron-deficient molecules, useful as n-type organic semiconductors.
E. coli surface display of streptavidin for directed evolution of an allylic deallylase
Authors: Heinisch Tillmann , Schwizer Fabian , Garabedian Brett , Csibra Eszter , Jeschek Markus , Vallapurackal Jaicy , Pinheiro Vitor B. , Marlière Philippe , Panke Sven , Ward Thomas R.
Published: May 2018

An artificial deallylase is constituted on the E. coli surface and genetically optimized for the deprotection of caged aminocoumarin.
Stability of membrane-induced self-assemblies of spherical nanoparticles
Authors: Spangler Eric J. , Kumar P. B. Sunil , Laradji Mohamed
Published: May 2018

The self-assembly of spherical nanoparticles, resulting from their adhesion on tensionless lipid membranes, is investigated through molecular dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained implicit-solvent model for self-assembled lipid membranes.
Cholesterol suppresses membrane leakage by decreasing water penetrability
Authors: Bu Bing , Crowe Michael , Diao Jiajie , Ji Baohua , Li Dechang
Published: May 2018

In silico simulations and biochemical experiments show that cholesterol decreases water penetrability to inhibit leakage pore formation during membrane fusion.
Articulatory Range of Movement in Individuals With Dysarthria Secondary to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Lee Jimin , Bell Michael
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The current study examined overall articulatory range of movement (ROM) in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Differential involvement of articulators was also tested using articulatory working space in individuals with varying degrees of dysarthria severity and in typically aging individuals. A strong association between overall articulatory ROM and severity measures among individuals with ALS was hypothesized. In addition, it was hypothesized that differential involvement of articulators would be detected using overall articulatory ROM measures.

Method

Twenty-two speakers with dysarthria secondary to ALS and 22 typically aging speakers participated. Speech intelligibility and speaking rate were used as indices of severity. Movement range and overall articulatory working space area (convex hull) of the tongue, lower lip, and jaw were each measured by electromagnetic articulography while the speakers produced the Rainbow Passage.

Results

Tongue convex hull size was significantly correlated with both indices of severity. A significant interaction between articulators and groups was observed. Individuals with severe dysarthria had reduced tongue convex hull size and exaggerated lower lip convex hull size. ROM in the anterior–posterior dimension showed a more notable differential involvement pattern than ROM in the superior–inferior dimension. Results in the area under a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed group-specific ROM sensitivity.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that tongue ROM is reduced in individuals with more severe dysarthria when estimated using a standardized paragraph containing all American English phonemes. The articulatory working space measure could be useful for estimating speech dysfunction in ALS. ROM of the tongue decreases, but ROM of the lower lip and jaw each increase in individuals with severe dysarthria. Differential involvement of the articulators in the anterior–posterior dimension needs to be further investigated.
A Duck Wearing Boots?! Pragmatic Language Strategies for Repairing Communication Breakdowns Across Genetically Based Neurodevelopmental Disabilities
Authors: Barstein Jamie , Martin Gary E. , Lee Michelle , Losh Molly
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The ability to repair breakdowns in communication is an important pragmatic language skill that helps to maintain clear and meaningful interactions. Examining this ability in genetically based neurodevelopmental disabilities in which pragmatics are affected can provide important information about the precise pragmatic skills impacted across different populations and also help to identify core mechanisms underlying pragmatic impairment that may inform tailored interventions.

Method

Individuals with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD-O;n= 40), fragile X syndrome with comorbid autism spectrum disorder (FXS-ASD;n= 62), FXS without ASD (FXS-O;n= 38), Down syndrome (DS;n= 43), and typical development (TD;n= 42) completed a picture description task in which an examiner prompted for clarification repeatedly to elicit communication repair attempts. Participants' response strategies were compared across diagnostic groups and by sex and examined in relationship to different cognitive abilities.

Results

Relatively few group differences were observed in responses to requests for clarification overall. Males with ASD-O responded less to clarification requests than males with FXS-ASD and FXS-O, and males with FXS-ASD responded more inappropriately than males with ASD-O and DS. All male groups became less responsive to prompts for communication repair across the series of requests. Males with TD and FXS-ASD used less effective strategies than females.

Conclusion

All groups showed some proficiency in repairing communication breakdowns, although individuals with ASD-O and FXS-ASD demonstrated some key areas of difficulty, highlighting the importance of considering ASD symptomatology in assessment and treatment of males with FXS. Findings also suggest that, across groups, multiple requests for clarification may lead to disengagement from the interaction. Finally, correlated skills observed across groups could implicate different underlying skills related to communication repair abilities across groups.
Grid integration of DC fast‐charging stations for EVs by using modular li‐ion batteries
Authors: Gjelaj Marjan , Hashemi Seyedmostafa , Traeholt Chresten , Andersen Peter Bach
Published: May 2018

Widespread use of electric vehicles (EVs) requires investigating impacts of vehicles’ charging on power systems. This study focuses on the design of a new DC fast‐charging station (DCFCS) for EVs combined with local battery energy storages (BESs). Owing to the BESs, the DCFCS is able to decouple the peak load demand caused by multiple EVs and decrease the installation costs as well as the connection fees. The charging system is equipped with a bidirectional alternating current/direct current (DC) converter, two lithium‐ion batteries and a DC/DC converter. The introduction of BES within the DCFCSs is investigated with regard to operational costs of the CSs as well as the ability of a BES to mitigate negative impacts on the power grid during congestion hours. The proposed solution is shown to reduce not only the installation costs, but also the charging time and it facilitates the integration of fast chargers in existing low‐voltage grids. A cost–benefit analysis is performed to evaluate the financial feasibility of BES within the DCFCSs by considering the installation costs, grid connection costs and battery life cycle costs.
J-PLUS: Morphological star/galaxy classification by PDF analysis
Authors: López-Sanjuan C. , Vázquez Ramió H. , Varela J. , Spinoso D. , Angulo R. E. , Muniesa D. , Viironen K. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , Cenarro A. J. , Ederoclite A. , Marín-Franch A. , Moles M. , Ascaso B. , Bonoli S. , Chies-Santos A. L. , Coelho P. R. T. , Costa-Duarte M. V. , Cortesi A. , Díaz-García L. A. , Dupke R. A. , Galbany L. , Hernández-Monteagudo C. , Logroño-García R. , Molino A. , Orsi A. , Placco V. M. , Sampedro L. , San Roman I. , Vilella-Rojo G. , Whitten D. D. , Mendes de Oliveira C. L. , Sodré L.
Published: May 2018

Aims. Our goal is to morphologically classify the sources identified in the images of the J-PLUS early data release (EDR) as compact (stars) or extended (galaxies) using a dedicated Bayesian classifier.

Methods. J-PLUS sources exhibit two distinct populations in the r-band magnitude versus concentration plane, corresponding to compact and extended sources. We modelled the two-population distribution with a skewed Gaussian for compact objects and a log-normal function for the extended objects. The derived model and the number density prior based on J-PLUS EDR data were used to estimate the Bayesian probability that a source is a star or a galaxy. This procedure was applied pointing-by-pointing to account for varying observing conditions and sky positions. Finally, we combined the morphological information from the g, r, and i broad bands in order to improve the classification of low signal-to-noise sources.

Results. The derived probabilities are used to compute the pointing-by-pointing number counts of stars and galaxies. The former increases as we approach the Milky Way disk, and the latter are similar across the probed area. The comparison with SDSS in the common regions is satisfactory up to r ~ 21, with consistent numbers of stars and galaxies, and consistent distributions in concentration and (g−i) colour spaces.

Conclusions. We implement a morphological star/galaxy classifier based on probability distribution function analysis, providing meaningful probabilities for J-PLUS sources to one magnitude deeper (r ~ 21) than a classical Boolean classification. These probabilities are suited for the statistical study of 150 thousand stars and 101 thousand galaxies with 15 < r ≤ 21 present in the 31.7 deg2 of the J-PLUS EDR. In a future version of the classifier, we will include J-PLUS colour information from 12 photometric bands.
Three-dimensional dust mapping in the Orion complex, combining Gaia-TGAS, 2MASS, and WISE
Authors: Rezaei Kh. S. , Bailer-Jones C. A. L. , Schlafly E. F. , Fouesneau M.
Published: May 2018

We present a map of the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of dust in the Orion complex. Orion is the closest site of high-mass star formation, making it an excellent laboratory for studying the interstellar medium and star formation. We used data from the Gaia-TGAS catalogue combined with photometry from 2MASS and WISE to get the distances and extinctions of individual stars in the vicinity of the Orion complex. We use a Gaussian process and adopt a non-parametric method to infer the probability distribution function of the dust densities at arbitrary points throughout the region. We map the dust distribution towards different parts of the Orion complex. We find that the distance and depth of the cloud are compatible with other recent works, which show that the method can be applicable to local molecular clouds to map their 3D dust distribution. We also demonstrate the danger of only using colours of stars to derive their extinctions without considering further physical constraints, such as the colour-magnitude diagram (CMD).
Early texts on the Cenozoic fossils of Aquitaine (1622–1767) and pioneering debates on the organic origin of fossils, the superpositioning of strata and the mobility of the seas
Authors: Godard Gaston
Published: May 2018

Several unpublished or little known writings from the 17th–18thcenturies deal with the Bordeaux region’s “figured stones”, which are actually Miocene fossils. The oldest work is a book by Pierre de L’Ancre (1622), where the author describes the shelly sediments of Sainte-Croix-du-Mont and relates Louis XIII’s visit there in October 1620. De L’Ancre is unsure as to the origin of the fossil shells, which could be ascribed to consolidation of the host sediments during lengthy ages after a withdrawal of the sea, transport from the Ocean by the Flood orin-situdevelopment through « esbatement de la nature » (i.e., a freak of nature). His text is remarkable for its description of the layers, which the author names « estages » (i.e., stages) and describes from the bottom up, suggesting that he grasped the principle of superposition later developed by Steno (1669). A later manuscript, kept at the Arsenal Library in Paris, was written between 1631 and 1673 by an unknown author: entitledReflections sommaires sur quelques pierres de la Terre de Sales. It deals with the origin of the fossils in the shelly sands of Salles, south of Bordeaux. The author prefers the hypothesis ofin-situdevelopment in soil rather than an organic marine origin, thus remaining faithful to the “freaks of nature” thesis frequently accepted at the time. In the 18thcentury, the Bordeaux Academy discussed the origin of these fossils. In 1718, Father Jules Bellet and Isaac Sarrau de Boynet studied the shells of Sainte-Croix-du-Mont; they suggested an organic origin in view of the scar left by the adductor muscle on the shells and the effervescence of the latter in vinegar. Sarrau de Boynet, however, refused to admit that the sea had reached this village and adopted the extravagant thesis of an anthropic accumulation of oysters, which Montesquieu approved only reluctantly. From 1745 on, Jacques-François Borda d’Oro began the study of Eocene sites and fossils in the Dax region; the observation ofLithophaga, incompatible with a transport by the Flood, reinforced him in his conviction of a marine origin. Nicolas Desmarest observed fossils in 1761, in particular near Saint-Émilion, and was convinced of their marine origin. In 1743 and 1745, the Bordeaux Academy organized essay competitions on the origin of the “figured stones”. The candidates were in favour of the organic origin, but ignored the shelly sediments of the region. One of these candidates, Pierre Barrère, surprisingly states the principle of uniformitarianism as early as 1745. These writings, among the first devoted to the geology of the Aquitaine Basin, illustrate that certain basic elements of modern palaeontology and stratigraphy were already grasped in the 17thand 18thcenturies.
Fermilab muon g-2 experiment
Authors: Gorringe Tim
Published: May 2018

The Fermilab muon g-2 experiment will measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment aμ to 140 ppb – a four-fold improvement over the earlier Brookhaven experiment. The measurement of aμ is well known as a unique test of the standard model with broad sensitivity to new interactions, particles and phenomena. The goal of 140 ppb is commensurate with ongoing improvements in the SM prediction of the anomalous moment and addresses the longstanding 3.5σ discrepancy between the BNL result and the SM prediction. In this article I discuss the physics motivation and experimental technique for measuring aμ, and the current status and the future work for the project.
A strange program for LHCb
Authors: Martínez Santos Diego ,   on behalf of LHCb
Published: May 2018

The LHCb experiment is expanding its physics program towards studies of rare decays of strange particles. In this talk, we reviewed the published results by LHCb in Ks0→μ+μ-and Σ+→pμ+μ- decays, as well as sensitivity studies and prospects for other strangeness decays.
The Sonic Surface in the Inter-Blade Channel of the Last Stage Rotor Wheel in the Steam Turbine of Large Output
Authors: Luxa Martin
Published: May 2018

The paper deals with sonic surface in a modern turbine wheel consisting of non-prismatic ultra long blades. The whole inter-blade channel is choked. Different positions and shapes of the sonic line in particular cross-sections along the span are observed. The sensitivity of sonic line formation to small changes of effective shape of the inter-blade channel in the root section and the influence of inlet angle, stagger angle and pitch/chord ratio in the tip section are discussed. The problematic of sonic line development in the case of supersonic inlet flow filed is also described. The presented work is based on results of theoretical, experimental and numerical approaches.
Investigation of hydraulic fitting losses
Authors: Bojko Marian , Kozubková Milada
Published: May 2018

Fluid flow in hydraulic systems, fittings, and piping causes hydraulic losses due to the change of flow direction and friction in the fluid. The main consequence of the resulting losses is the increase in the overall pressure gradient of the circuit. The paper is focused on the investigation of valve losses and the determination of resistance coefficients, the definition of which depends on the valve type. Methods of determination are of two types, i.e. experimental methods and mathematical methods. In the case of experimental methods, the procedures prescribed by the standards and regulations must be respected. Mathematical methods are related to defining an appropriate mathematical model and numerical approach. Both methods are applied to the ball valve and model verification is performed at the same time. The output of the thesis is the methodology for determination of resistance coefficients of valves with other diameters and other flowing media based on verified mathematical modeling.
Dynamics of flow in a branch of a branching channel
Authors: Uruba Václav , Procházka Pavel , Skála Vladislav
Published: May 2018

Flow in a branched channel is studied experimentally using the PIV technique. The branches are issuing from the main channel perpendicularly, all channels are of rectangular cross-section. The flow dynamics in one particular branch is investigated using the OPD method.
Stereoscopic TR PIV measurement and POD analysis of flow behind the turbine prototype of model size
Authors: Jasikova Darina , Kotek Michal , Kopecky Vaclav
Published: May 2018

When measuring turbine prototype flow, a number of modes with different flow rates and cavitating vortex rope settings have been measured. The turbulent flow in the draft tube of diameter 240 mm reaches the Reynolds number of 105. The vortex and highly swirling flow is developed in the draft tube. The usage of kHz-order frame rates was necessary to resolve the velocity field. The investigated area in the mixing vessel was examined by the stereoscopic time-resolved PIV technique. Further mode evaluation allows comparison of cross-sectional velocities in the vector map. The Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis was applied on 3D vector maps, those including u, v, w velocity compounds. In the selected regimes – operating points with volume flow rate 97 l/sec and 114 l/sec, the greatest risk of transition to cavitation mode was identified, so they were studied in detail.
Measurement and Calculation of Explosion Pressure for Hydroxyl Substituted Hydrocarbons Mixture
Authors: Skřínský Jan
Published: May 2018

Methanol as a biofuel requires information about the explosion parameters measured in air under various conditions in different volumes. Forty explosion pressures owing to the methanol-air mixture have been measured in the temperature range 298 – 423 K between Φ = 0.65 – 2.65 in 1 m3 explosion chamber. This work supports the systematic investigation owing to 0.005 m3 and 0.020 m3 volumes.
Modeling the Production of Natural Gas Hydrates in Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Siažik Ján , Malcho Milan , Gavlas Stanislav
Published: May 2018

Natural gas hydrates are in nature sources of primary energy. They are possible to created in laboratory conditions also under certain temperature and pressure conditions. With determining whether founding suitable conditions is closely linked to the creation of a physical model. The article deals with the model of natural gas hydrates.
Liquefied extinguishing agent discharge to an overpressure-sensitive enclosed volume
Authors: Hurda Lukáš , Matas Richard
Published: May 2018

The throttling of liquefied substances from high pressure vessels to an enclosed volume starting at atmospheric pressure is described in order to determine thermodynamic state of the extinguished room gaseous contents. Time dependent, 0D mathematical model is implemented describing the state inside the agent container, the isenthalpic throttling in the distribution system, agent vaporization and mixing with air. The agent is modelled as real gas. Other influences on the process including the heat transfer from selected solid parts inside the room and the gas mixture leakage out of the room are taken into account. Main outcome is an MS Excel tool for integrated fire extinguishers design optimization. The optimization balances the two contradictory requirements: Agent volumetric concentration to sustain the fire extinguishing capabilities and tolerable room overpressure. Agent fill weight and discharge time are being adjusted. The discharge time is controlled by the distribution piping and spray nozzles design. System operation is checked concerning various initial and boundary conditions.
Imageless navigation total hip arthroplasty – an evaluation of operative time
Authors: Valsamis Epaminondas Markos , Ricketts David , Hussain Adnan , Jenabzadeh Amir-Reza
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Imageless navigation has been successfully integrated in knee arthroplasty but its effectiveness in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been debated. It has consistently been shown that navigation adds significant time and cost to the operation. Further, the relative success of traditional hip replacements has impeded the adoption of new techniques.

Methods: We compared the operative time between fifty total hip replacements with and without the use of imageless navigation by a single senior surgeon in a retrospective study. We employed standard statistical tools to compare the two methods. A correlation-based analysis was used to delimit the “learned” phase of imageless navigation to make comparisons meaningful.

Results: Contrary to what has previously been reported, there was no significant difference between operative time in navigated, when compared to traditional operations (p = 0.498). Only fourteen operations were required to delimit the learning phase of this operation.

Discussion: This is the first study that demonstrates no added operative time when using imageless navigation in THA, achieved with an improved workflow. The results also demonstrate a very reasonable learning curve.
Erwartungen der Generation Y an das Führungsverhalten ihres
direkten Vorgesetzten im Vergleich zur Generation X und den Baby
Boomern
Authors: Huber Peter , Schubert Hans-Joachim
Published: May 2018

Zielsetzung Die Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Fragestellung, ob
Gesundheits- und Krankenpfleger der Generation Y (1981–1995) andere Erwartungen
an das Führungsverhalten ihres Vorgesetzten richten als Pflegekräfte der
Generationen X (1966–1980) und den Baby Boomern (1956–1965). Zusätzlich wurde
untersucht, welches Führungsverhalten Stationsleitungen und Pflegedirektoren für
die Generation Y als geeignet erachten und ob sich diese Annahmen zur Sichtweise
der Generation Y unterscheiden.

Methodik Im Rahmen einer quantitativen, deskriptiven Querschnittsstudie
mit dem Erhebungsinstrument MLQ 5X-Short wurden Führungskräfte des strategischen
Pflegemanagements (Pflegedirektoren) und operativen Managements
(Stationsleitungen) sowie Gesundheits- und Krankenpfleger befragt.

Ergebnisse In die Studie konnten n = 312 Pflegedirektoren, n = 259
Stationsleitungen und n = 421 Gesundheits- und Krankenpfleger eingeschlossen
werden. Die Generation Y stellt signifikant höhere Erwartungen an
transformationales Führungsverhalten als die Generationen X und Baby Boomer.
Führungskräfte schätzen im Vergleich zur Generation Y diese Erwartung geringer
ein.

Schlussfolgerungen Transformationales Führungsverhalten eignet sich
aufgrund der mehrfach bewiesenen positiven Effekte auf Motivation, Commitment
und Arbeitszufriedenheit um Mitarbeiter der Generation Y zu führen.