bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Tetramycin-Loaded Core–Shell Beads with Hot-/Wet-Responsive Release Properties for Control of Bacterial Wilt Disease
Authors: Gao Juntao , Lin Guan , Deng Xinmin , Zou Junxian , Liu Yong , Chen Xingjiang , Liu Shiwang
Published: June 2024

Plant bacterial wilt is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, a soilborne pathogen that infects plant conduits, leading to wilt disease. It is extremely difficult to cure plants infected with Ralstonia solanacearum; however, bactericide-loaded beads with hot-/wet-responsive properties may be able to release a biocide in line with the increase in the hot-/wet-associated activity of Ralstonia solanacearum, effectively killing the pathogenic cells and providing high levels of plant protection. A biopesticide, Tetramycin, was embedded in corn kernel powder (CKP)-based cores. An oil-phase mixture was sprayed onto the core surface to form a hot-/wet-responsive intermediate shell (IMS). Subsequently, a layer of ethyl cellulose (EC) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) was coated onto the IMS to create a single wet-responsive outer shell (OTS). The ratios of the components in the cores, including the corn kernel powder (CKP), xanthan gum (XG), and Tetramycin, were optimized, as well as those of the IMS, including pentaerythrityl tetrastearate (PETS), pentaerythrityl tetraoleate (PETO), polyethylene glycol stearate (PEG400MS), and polyethylene glycol monooleate (PEG400MO), and those of the outer shell (OTS), including ethyl cellulose (EC) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). A texture performance analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), temperature and humidity response performance tests, scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, and a field effectiveness test were conducted to characterize the Tetramycin-loaded beads. The results indicated that the optimal formula for the bead cores comprised a mass ratio of CKP/Tetramycin solution/XG = 13.5:23:2. The preferred mass ratio for IMS was PETS/PETO/PEG400MO = 10:30:10, and the formula for the applicable OTS consisted of a mass ratio of EC/HPMC = 5:1. In soil with a temperature of 30–35 °C and humidity of 30%, the release period of the Tetramycin-loaded beads, with a cumulative release rate of over 95%, could last up to 35 days. Furthermore, the Tetramycin-loaded beads exhibited a gradual and multi-cyclic release process under alternating hot/wet and dry/cold environments. The relative preventive efficacy of 54.74% on tobacco was revealed at a field-testing scale. A significant reduction in the abundance of Ralstonia solanacearum was also observed under treatment with the Tetramycin-loaded beads. The early fungal community structure exhibited higher consistency compared to the control. However, in the later stage, the diversity differences between the soil layers were restored. In conclusion, Tetramycin-loaded beads that could effectively respond to temperature and humidity fluctuations were developed, resulting in enhanced disease prevention efficacy and offering broad prospects for the prevention and control of Ralstonia solanacearum in agricultural settings.
Evaluation of Soil Quality of Pingliang City Based on Fuzzy Mathematics and Cluster Analysis
Authors: Zhao Zhenhua , Yang Yifei , Dong Bo , Zhang Rui , Chen Guangrong , Pan Zhandong , Du Dandan
Published: June 2024

Pingliang City has a complex topography and diverse soil types. To realize the improvement of soil according to local conditions and the reasonable and sustainable use of soil resources, an evaluation of soil quality in Pingliang City was carried out, based on the soil distribution situation in Pingliang City, adopting a method combining fuzzy mathematics and cluster analysis of the main evaluation factors, such as soil organic matter, topsoil depth, soil erosion intensity, soil moisture regime, effective soil thickness, soil texture, soil profile structure, soil nutrient status and topographical parts, to carry out a comprehensive evaluation. A comprehensive evaluation of soil quality was conducted in seven counties under the jurisdiction of Pingliang City, and the evaluation results were compared and analyzed against the national standard, “Cultivated land quality grade”, to provide a basis for the selection of scientific soil improvement methods. The results of the arable land quality grades indicate that the quality of farmland in Pingliang City is divided into three to ten grades, and the average quality grade of farmland is 6.83, which is in the middle–lower level, and the overall grade distribution shows the characteristics of low in the middle and high in the east and west. The results of fuzzy mathematics combined with cluster analysis indicated the following trends in soil quality for the 12 soil genera: Chuan black gunny soil > yellow moist soil > sandy soil > silt soil > mulching helilu soil> loessal soil> loamy soil > slope loessal soil > arenosol > tillage leaching gray cinnamon soil > calcareous gray cinnamon soil > red clay soil. The results of the combination of fuzzy mathematics and clustering were significantly correlated with the results of the evaluation of the soil quality of arable land; the correlation coefficient was 0.884. This indicates that the method can accurately and objectively review the advantages and disadvantages of arable land soil and can be effectively applied to the evaluation of the soil quality of agricultural soils in other regions. It is a complement to the existing evaluation of the soil quality of arable land and at the same time provides a reference for the improvement of soil quality in agricultural regions.
Antifungal Activity, Synergism with Fluconazole or Amphotericin B and Potential Mechanism of Direct Current against Candida albicans Biofilms and Persisters
Authors: Zou Peihui , Liu Jia , Li Peng , Luan Qingxian
Published: June 2024

Candida albicans, as a notorious fungal pathogen, is associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide due to its ability to form biofilms and persisters that can withstand currently available antifungals. Direct current (DC) has demonstrated a promising antimicrobial effect and synergistic effect with antimicrobials against various infections. Here, we first found DC exerted a killing effect on C. albicans planktonic and biofilm cells. Moreover, DC showed a synergistic effect with fluconazole (FLC) and amphotericin B (AMB). Notably, near-to-complete eradication of AMB-tolerant C. albicans biofilm persisters was achieved upon DC treatment. Next, the mechanism of action of DC was explored through mapping the genes and proteomic profiles of DC-treated C. albicans. The multi-omics analysis, quantitative real-time PCR and assay of reactive oxygen species (ROS) demonstrated DC exerted an antifungal effect on C. albicans by increasing cellular oxidative stress. As revealed by multiple analyses (e.g., protein assay based on absorbance at 280 nm and rhodamine 6G assay), DC was able to enhance membrane permeability, inhibit drug efflux and increase cellular FLC/AMB concentration of C. albicans, thereby mediating its synergism with the antifungals. Furthermore, DC inhibited superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression and manganese-containing SOD (Mn SOD) activity, leading to ROS production and enhanced killing of C. albicans biofilm persisters. The current findings demonstrate that the adjunctive use of DC in combination with antifungals is a promising strategy for effective control of C. albicans infections and management of antifungal resistance/tolerance in Candida biofilms.
Comprehensive Analysis of Antiphage Defense Mechanisms: Serovar-Specific Patterns
Authors: Petakh Pavlo , Oksenych Valentyn , Khovpey Yevheniya , Kamyshnyi Oleksandr
Published: June 2024

Leptospirosis is a major zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes in the genus Leptospira, affecting over a million people annually and causing approximately 60,000 deaths. Leptospira interrogans, a key causative agent, likely possesses defense systems against bacteriophages (leptophages), yet these systems are not well understood. We analyzed 402 genomes of L. interrogans using the DefenseFinder tool to identify and characterize the antiphage defense systems. We detected 24 unique systems, with CRISPR-Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins), PrrC, Borvo, and Restriction-Modification (R-M) being the most prevalent. Notably, Cas were identified in all strains, indicating their central role in phage defense. Furthermore, there were variations in the antiphage system distribution across different serovars, suggesting unique evolutionary adaptations. For instance, Retron was found exclusively in the Canicola serovar, while prokaryotic Argonaute proteins (pAgo) were only detected in the Grippotyphosa serovar. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of Leptospira’s antiphage defense mechanisms. They reveal the potential for the development of serovar-specific phage-based therapies and underscore the importance of further exploring these defense systems.
Senegenin Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting Oxidative-Stress-Induced Epithelial Cell Senescence through Activation of the Sirt1/Pgc-1α Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zeng Qian , Luo Yuyang , Sang Xiaoxue , Liao Minlin , Wen Binbin , Hu Zhengang , Sun Mei , Luo Ziqiang , Huang Xiaoting , Liu Wei , Tang Siyuan
Published: June 2024

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal interstitial lung disease for which effective drug therapies are lacking. Senegenin, an effective active compound from the traditional Chinese herb Polygala tenuifolia Willd, has been shown to have a wide range of pharmacological effects. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of senegenin on pulmonary fibrosis and their associated mechanisms of action. We found that senegenin inhibited the senescence of epithelial cells and thus exerted anti-pulmonary-fibrosis effects by inhibiting oxidative stress. In addition, we found that senegenin promoted the expression of Sirt1 and Pgc-1α and that the antioxidative and antisenescent effects of senegenin were suppressed by specific silencing of the Sirt1 and Pgc–1α genes, respectively. Moreover, the senegenin-induced effects of antioxidation, antisenescence of epithelial cells, and antifibrosis were inhibited by treatment with Sirt1 inhibitors in vivo. Thus, the Sirt1/Pgc-1α pathway exerts its antifibrotic effect on lung fibrosis by mediating the antioxidative and antisenescent effects of senegenin.
Occupational Exposure to Metal-Based Nanomaterials: A Possible Relationship between Chemical Composition and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
Authors: Bellisario Valeria , Garzaro Giacomo , Squillacioti Giulia , Panizzolo Marco , Ghelli Federica , Mariella Giuseppe , Bono Roberto , Guseva Canu Irina , Bergamaschi Enrico
Published: June 2024

Nanomaterials (NMs) are in high demand for a wide range of practical applications; however, comprehensively understanding the toxicity of these materials is a complex challenge, due to the limited availability of epidemiological evidence on the human health effects arising from workplace exposures. The aim of this work is to assess whether and how urinary metal concentrations could be reliable and useful in NM biomonitoring. In the framework of “NanoExplore Project” [EU LIFE17 Grant ENV/GR/000285], 43 not-exposed subjects and 40 exposed workers were recruited to measure exposure to NMs (PCN and LDSA) in the proximity of the workstations and biological biomarkers (urinary metal concentrations—Aluminum (Al), Silica (Si), Titanium (Ti), and Chromium (Cr); urinary OS biomarkers—TAP, Isop, and MDA). The results showed that Si and Ti were directly associated with NM exposure (both PCN and LDSA), as well as with OS biomarkers, especially in exposed workers. Moreover, the mediation analyses showed that Si could account for about 2.8% in the relationship between LDSA and OS biomarkers, possibly by decreasing OS antioxidant defenses in exposed people. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that occupational exposure to mixtures containing NMs can represent an underestimated hazard for exposed people, increasing the body burden and the oxidative balance.
Formulation and Physical–Chemical Analysis of Functional Muffin Made with Inulin, Moringa, and Cacao Adapted for Elderly People with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: García-Milla Paula , Peñalver Rocío , Nieto Gema
Published: June 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects people’s health. Constipation is probably one of the most prominent gastrointestinal symptoms (non-motor symptoms) of PD with devastating consequences. The aim of this research work is to formulate a functional food product, supplemented with inulin, cocoa, and Moringa, which can be an adjuvant in the treatment of constipation. The product was prepared according to a muffin or “Chilean cake” recipe; this basic muffin was prepared with additions of inulin (MI), inulin + cacao (MIC), and inulin + Moringa (MIM). A physical–chemical analysis of the macronutrients and an antioxidant capacity assessment of the samples were conducted, as well as a sensory evaluation performed by a group of people suffering from Parkinson’s disease. A statistically significant difference was observed in the soluble (p = 0.0023) and insoluble (p = 0.0015) fiber values between the control samples and all samples. Furthermore, inulin + cacao improved the antioxidant capacity and folate intake compared to the control. Inulin alone has been shown to have antioxidant capacity according to ABTS (262.5728 ± 34.74 μmol TE/g) and DPPH (9.092518 ± 10.43 μmol TE/g) assays. A sensory evaluation showed a preference for the product with inulin and for the product with inulin + cacao, with a 78% purchase intention being reported by the subjects who evaluated the products. The incorporation of inulin and cacao improved the nutritional value of the muffins; the dietary fiber, antioxidant capacity and folate content are some of the features that stood out. A bakery product enriched with inulin, cocoa and Moringa could serve as a nutritional strategy to enhance nutritional value, thus helping in the treatment of constipation.
A Lightweight Method for Graph Neural Networks Based on Knowledge Distillation and Graph Contrastive Learning
Authors: Wang Yong , Yang Shuqun
Published: June 2024

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are crucial tools for processing non-Euclidean data. However, due to scalability issues caused by the dependency and topology of graph data, deploying GNNs in practical applications is challenging. Some methods aim to address this issue by transferring GNN knowledge to MLPs through knowledge distillation. However, distilled MLPs cannot directly capture graph structure information and rely only on node features, resulting in poor performance and sensitivity to noise. To solve this problem, we propose a lightweight optimization method for GNNs that combines graph contrastive learning and variable-temperature knowledge distillation. First, we use graph contrastive learning to capture graph structural representations, enriching the input information for the MLP. Then, we transfer GNN knowledge to the MLP using variable temperature knowledge distillation. Additionally, we enhance both node content and structural features before inputting them into the MLP, thus improving its performance and stability. Extensive experiments on seven datasets show that the proposed KDGCL model outperforms baseline models in both transductive and inductive settings; in particular, the KDGCL model achieves an average improvement of 1.63% in transductive settings and 0.8% in inductive settings when compared to baseline models. Furthermore, KDGCL maintains parameter efficiency and inference speed, making it competitive in terms of performance.
Analysis of Shafting System Vibration Characteristics for Mixed-Flow Hydropower Units Considering Sand Wear on Turbine Blades
Authors: Chen Wenhua , Wang Shuo , Chen Haifeng , Zhang Weiliang , Ma Jianfeng , Pan Jun
Published: June 2024

Addressing the issue of increased shaft-system vibration in high-altitude mixed-flow hydropower generating units due to sand wear on turbine blades, a three-dimensional model of a specific mixed-flow water turbine was constructed. CFD numerical simulations were employed to analyze the fluid exciting force acting on the turbine runner under varying degrees of blade wear. An approximate analytical model was then established for the variation of fluid exciting force in the turbine runner system using the Fourier harmonic analysis method. A multi-degree-of-freedom mathematical model of flexural and inclined coupling vibration of a hydropower unit’s shafting, considering blade wear, was constructed. The nonlinear dynamic model was numerically calculated by the Runge–Kutta method. The vibration responses of the shafting of hydropower units under different wear degrees were obtained by means of a time-domain diagram, frequency-domain diagram, axis-locus diagram, phase-locus diagram, and Poincare mapping. Based on the formula for calculating the wear amount of the blade material, the runner amplitude degradation trajectory model was established, and the pseudo-failure time of turbine blades was determined according to the allowable value of amplitude.
Hot-Spot Stress Analyses of a T-Shaped Tubular Joint Subjected to Uniform, Grooving and Non-uniform Corrosion
Authors: Liu Lingsu , Dong Yan , Yang Haikun , Xu Minghui , Liu Xin , Zhang Lei , Garbatov Yordan
Published: June 2024

The study aims to investigate the impact of uniform, grooving and non-uniform corrosion degradation on the hot-spot stresses of a T-shaped tubular joint using the finite element method. The through-thickness linearization method is employed to estimate the hot-spot stresses, allowing a more reasonable consideration of the effect of grooving corrosion and non-unform corrosion. The grooving corrosion degradation is modelled assuming that the corrosion rate of the weld metal is 1.4 times that of the base metal. The non-uniform corrosion is modelled by moving the nodes around the weld by a random distance along the direction perpendicular to the surface. The random distances are generated based on the surface roughness parameter Ra. The results indicate that the stress concentration factor (SCF) increases with the uniform corrosion depth. The grooving corroded tubular joint results in a higher SCF than those of the corresponding uniformly corroded tubular joint. The non-uniform corrosion can lead to SCF deviations from the SCF of the uniformly corroded tubular joint. The SCF deviation at the critical region follows the normal distribution, and its standard deviation increases with Ra.
Assessing Table Tennis Technical Proficiency in Individuals with Disabilities: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kong Pui Wah , Ma Cecilia Man Sze
Published: June 2024

Table tennis is a sport that is enjoyed by many, including those with physical and intellectual disabilities. This scoping review summarised the current test protocols for assessing table tennis technical proficiency in individuals with disabilities. Relevant articles were searched through four databases (Scopus, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) covering three key aspects: disability, table tennis, and technical proficiency. The search resulted in 14 studies included for data extraction, covering physical impairments, intellectual disability, and development coordination disorder. Almost all studies (93%) were conducted on well-trained para-table tennis athletes competing in high-level competitions. There exist protocols to assess service accuracy and stroke accuracy, hand–eye coordination, quality of specific skills and ball control, functional reach, and trunk rotation. The forehand topspin and backhand topspin drives were tested the most. Table tennis robots and video cameras are the common equipment used. Moving forward, future research should develop technical proficiency tests for players across all competency levels. The skill assessment criteria and scoring methods should be standardised and clearly explained. The validity and reliability of tests should be established. Lastly, there is great potential in using artificial intelligence to enhance the assessment of table tennis proficiency in individuals with disabilities.
Semantic Segmentation Method for Road Intersection Point Clouds Based on Lightweight LiDAR
Authors: Ren Xiaole , Yu Bin , Wang Yuchen
Published: June 2024

Lightweight LiDAR, characterized by its ease of use and cost-effectiveness, offers advantages in road intersection information acquisition. This study used lightweight LiDAR to collect 3D point cloud data from an urban road intersection and propose a semantic segmentation model based on the improved RandLA-Net. Initially, raw data from multiple positions and perspectives were obtained, and complete road intersection point clouds were stitched together using the iterative closest point algorithm for sequential registration. Subsequently, a semantic segmentation method for point clouds based on the improved RandLA-Net was proposed. This method included a spatial information encoding module based on feature similarities and a feature enhancement module based on multi-pooling fusion. This model optimized the feature aggregation capabilities during downsampling with the weighted cross-entropy loss function applied to reduce the impact of input sample scale imbalances. In comparisons of the improved RandLA-Net with PointNet++ and RandLA-Net on the same dataset, our method showed improved segmentation accuracy for various categories. The overall prediction accuracy on two road intersection point cloud test sets was 87.68% and 89.61%, with average F1 scores of 82.76% and 80.61%, respectively. Most notably, the prediction accuracy for road surface areas reached 94.48% and 94.79%. The results show that our model can enrich the spatial feature expression of input data and enhance semantic segmentation performance in road intersection scenarios.
How to Make a State of the Art Report—Case Study—Image-Based Road Crack Detection: A Scientometric Literature Review
Authors: Fan Luxin , Tang SaiHong , Mohd Ariffin Mohd Khairol Anuar b. , Ismail Mohd Idris Shah b. , Zhao Ruixin
Published: June 2024

With the rapid growth in urban construction in Malaysia, road breakage has challenged traditional manual inspection methods. In order to quickly and accurately detect the extent of road breakage, it is crucial to apply automated road crack detection techniques. Researchers have long studied image-based road crack detection techniques, especially the deep learning methods that have emerged in recent years, leading to breakthrough developments in the field. However, many issues remain in road crack detection methods using deep learning techniques. The field lacks state-of-the-art systematic reviews that can scientifically and effectively analyze existing works, document research trends, summarize outstanding research results, and identify remaining shortcomings. To conduct a systematic review of the relevant literature, a bibliometric analysis and a critical analysis of the papers published in the field were performed. VOSviewer and CiteSpace text mining tools were used to analyze and visualize the bibliometric analysis of some parameters derived from the articles. The history and current status of research in the field by authors from all over the world are elucidated and future trends are analyzed.
Bending Performance of a Prestressed Concrete Composite Girder Bridge with Steel Truss Webs
Authors: Wang Wenping , Liu Yanqi , Chen Kangming
Published: June 2024

An experiment was conducted on a prestressed concrete (PC) composite girder bridge with steel truss webs to investigate its flexural performance. The mechanical characteristics and failure modes of a PC composite girder bridge with steel truss webs was clarified. Finite element (FE) analysis was carried out, and the influence of the girder height-to-span ratio and eccentric loading effect on the flexural performance of a composite beam bridge with a steel truss web was discussed. The method for calculating the cracking bending moment, the bending moment at the rebar yield stage, and the ultimate bending moment of a PC composite girder with steel truss webs was proposed. Key findings include that, in both the elastic and cracking elastic stages, the strain of the bottom and top conforms to the plane-section assumption. Throughout the loading process, there was no occurrence of joint failure or local buckling failure in the steel truss webs; the composite girder ultimately fails due to excessive deformation, indicating that the overall mechanical performance of the composite beam is good. The deflection and stress in the mid-span section decrease with an increasing height-to-span ratio, and there are significant impacts of eccentric loading on deflection and stress. Compared with the results of the FE analysis and test, the calculation methods of the cracking moment, reinforcement yield moment, and ultimate moment of PC composite girders with steel truss webs presented in this paper have a high accuracy.
Effect of Digital Therapeutics on Range of Motion, Flexibility, Dynamic Balance, Satisfaction, and Adherence: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Su-Ji , Kim Ji-Won , Lee Dong-Yeop , Hong Ji-Heon , Yu Jae-Ho , Kim Jin-Seop , Kim Seong-Gil , Nam Yeon-Gyo
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the effect of digital therapeutics on ROM, flexibility, dynamic balance, satisfaction, and adherence. A sample of 34 volunteers was randomly assigned into a Digital Therapeutic Group (DTG) (n = 17) and a Non-Digital Therapeutic Group (NDG) (n = 17). The groups performed four calf muscle stretches and two hamstring stretches for 4 weeks. Flexibility and balance were evaluated to assess the effectiveness of the exercise program. A survey was conducted to assess subjects’ satisfaction, and exercise performance record papers and video records were assessed for exercise adherence. The paired t-test was used to compare the two populations before and after the program. The independent t-test was used to compare the change scores between groups. In the pre- and post-comparison within each group, the DTG group showed significant differences in all items except the dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) (p < 0.05). The left straight leg raise (SLR) was significantly different (p < 0.05), and there was a significant difference in exercise satisfaction and participation between the two groups (p < 0.05). DTG showed improved flexibility, dynamic balance, and higher exercise satisfaction and adherence than NDG. The application, providing lower extremity stretching, can improve dorsiflexion ROM, flexibility of the lower extremity, dynamic balance, exercise satisfaction, and exercise adherence.
Whole-Genome Alignment: Methods, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Saada Bacem , Zhang Tianchi , Siga Estevao , Zhang Jing , Magalhães Muniz Maria Malane
Published: June 2024

Whole-genome alignment (WGA) is a critical process in comparative genomics, facilitating the detection of genetic variants and aiding our understanding of evolution. This paper offers a detailed overview and categorization of WGA techniques, encompassing suffix tree-based, hash-based, anchor-based, and graph-based methods. It elaborates on the algorithmic properties of these tools, focusing on performance and methodological aspects. This paper underscores the latest progress in WGA, emphasizing the increasing capacity to manage the growing intricacy and volume of genomic data. However, the field still grapples with computational and biological hurdles affecting the precision and speed of WGA. We explore these challenges and potential future solutions. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive resource for researchers, deepening our understanding of WGA tools and their applications, constraints, and prospects.
Sustainability Evaluation of a Paper and Pulp Industrial Waste Incorporation in Bituminous Pavements
Authors: Simões Fábio , Rios-Davila Francisco-Javier , Paiva Helena , Morais Miguel , Ferreira Victor M.
Published: June 2024

The valorization of wastes as an alternative or secondary raw material in various products and processes has been a solution for the implementation of sustainability, a safer environment, and the concept of circular economy in the efficient use and management of natural resources. To promote sustainability through a circular economy approach, this work tries to demonstrate the environmental gains that are obtained by bringing together, in an industrial symbiosis action, two large industrial sectors (the pulp and paper and the road pavement sectors) responsible for generating large amounts of wastes. A sustainability assessment, based on a life cycle and circular economy approach, is presented here, and discussed using a simple case study carried out on a real scale. Two wastes (dregs and grits) from the pulp and paper industry (PPI) were used to partially replace natural fine aggregates in the production of bituminous mixtures used on the top surface of road pavements. The impacts at a technical, environmental, economic, and social level were assessed and it was shown that this simple waste valorization action is not only positive for the final product from a technical point of view, but also for the environment, causing positive impacts on the different sustainability dimensions that were evaluated.
Multimodal Shot Prediction Based on Spatial-Temporal Interaction between Players in Soccer Videos
Authors: Goka Ryota , Moroto Yuya , Maeda Keisuke , Ogawa Takahiro , Haseyama Miki
Published: June 2024

Sports data analysis has significantly advanced and become an indispensable technology for planning strategy and enhancing competitiveness. In soccer, shot prediction has been realized on the basis of historical match situations, and its results contribute to the evaluation of plays and team tactics. However, traditional event prediction methods required tracking data acquired with expensive instrumentation and event stream data annotated by experts, and the benefits were limited to only some professional athletes. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel shot prediction method using soccer videos. Our method constructs a graph considering player relationships with audio and visual features as graph nodes. Specifically, by introducing players’ importance into the graph edge based on their field positions and team information, our method enables the utilization of knowledge that reflects the detailed match situation. Next, we extract latent features considering spatial–temporal interactions from the graph and predict event occurrences with uncertainty based on the probabilistic deep learning method. In comparison with several baseline methods and ablation studies using professional soccer match data, our method was confirmed to be effective as it demonstrated the highest average precision of 0.948, surpassing other methods.
Optimization of Execution Microscopic Extrusion Parameter Characterizations for Color Polycarbonate Grading: General Trend and Box–Behnken Designs
Authors: Alsadi Jamal , Al Btoush Faten A. M. , Alawneh Ameen , Khatatbeh Ahmed Ali , Alseafan Mustafa , Al-Younis Wardeh , Abdel Wahed Mutaz , Al-Canaan Amer , Ismail Rabah , Trrad Issam , Al-Mattarneh Hashem , Alomari Saleh
Published: June 2024

This research article concentrates on process conditions in addition to improving color selections in polymer compounders and developing more accurate simulation models. The feed rate (FR), temperature (T) and screw speed (SS) are three processing variables that the research investigates using general trends (GTs) and Box–Behnken design (BBD) response surface methodology. The identical set of processing settings was tweaked at three separate phases independently of one another. This study uses the experimental design to investigate process parameters’ optimization while holding all other parameters constant. This design was given the name GT. To develop this design and its statistical optimization, this study used the software of the design expert method. A regression model was run in this design, which displayed collective as well as individual effects of the parameters on color images. The values of tri-stimulus color with the best optimization had the smallest proper color variance (dE*). To obtain information on pigment characteristics, an SEM image analysis was conducted, which aids in improving future designs and overcoming manufacturing issues that affect color fluctuation properties and waste reduction for various chemical grades, both of which enhance environmentally friendly processes.
Teacher and Parent Perception of Biophilic Conditions in Primary-School Environments and Their Impact on Children’s Wellbeing
Authors: Lanzaro Bethania , Ucci Marcella
Published: June 2024

The term “biophilia” refers to the intrinsic affinity that humans have towards nature, natural elements and natural processes. Biophilic design theories suggest that the introduction or representation of natural characteristics or elements into the built environment can help enhance people’s health and wellbeing. Primary school buildings are important environments where children spend considerable time. However, there is limited evidence on the impact of their biophilic features on the children themselves and on perceptions of important facilitators of children’s wellbeing, such as teachers and parents. This research aims to investigate whether teachers and parents perceive children to have a preference or desire for specific biophilic characteristics in their school’s physical environment; and whether teachers perceive some biophilic characteristics as having an effect on children’s performance and behaviour. A framework for evaluating biophilic characteristics in primary schools was developed. Two case study primary schools in London and Bath (England, UK) were audited against this framework, and teachers and parents were surveyed. The results suggest that children do have a preference towards the specific biophilic features studied, which is stronger and more demanding when the exposure is higher. For some aspects, teachers’ perception of benefits is also susceptible to the quality of the environment itself.
Cross-Reactivity of Ragweed Pollen Calcium-Binding Proteins and IgE Sensitization in a Ragweed-Allergic Population from Western Romania
Authors: Zbîrcea Lauriana-Eunice , Buzan Maria-Roxana , Grijincu Manuela , Tamaș Tudor-Paul , Vulpe Constantina Bianca , Huțu Ioan , Păunescu Virgil , Panaitescu Carmen , Chen Kuan-Wei
Published: June 2024

Ragweed pollen allergy is the most common seasonal allergy in western Romania. Prolonged exposure to ragweed pollen may induce sensitization to pan-allergens such as calcium-binding proteins (polcalcins) and progression to more severe symptoms. We aimed to detect IgE sensitization to recombinant Amb a 9 and Amb a 10 in a Romanian population, to assess their potential clinical relevance and cross-reactivity, as well as to investigate the relation with clinical symptoms. rAmb a 9 and rAmb a 10 produced in Escherichia coli were used to detect specific IgE in sera from 87 clinically characterized ragweed-allergic patients in ELISA, for basophil activation experiments and rabbit immunization. Rabbit rAmb a 9- and rAmb a 10-specific sera were used to detect possible cross-reactivity with rArt v 5 and reactivity towards ragweed and mugwort pollen extracts. The results showed an IgE reactivity of 25% to rAmb a 9 and 35% to rAmb a 10. rAmb a 10 induced basophil degranulation in three out of four patients tested. Moreover, polcalcin-negative patients reported significantly more skin symptoms, whereas polcalcin-positive patients tended to report more respiratory symptoms. Furthermore, both rabbit antisera showed low reactivity towards extracts and showed high reactivity to rArt v 5, suggesting strong cross-reactivity. Our study indicated that recombinant ragweed polcalcins might be considered for molecular diagnosis.
Reply to Hornibrook, J. Comment on “Tabet et al. Vestibular Migraine versus Méniere’s Disease: Diagnostic Utility of Electrocochleography. Audiol. Res. 2023, 13, 12–22”
Authors: Saliba Issam , Tabet Paul
Published: June 2024

We appreciate the comments made by Hornibrook (2024) [...]
Asymptotic Conformality and Polygonal Approximation
Authors: Krushkal Samuel L.
Published: June 2024

Univalent functions with asymptotically conformal extension to the boundary form a subclass of functions with quasiconformal extension with rather special features. Such functions arise in various questions of geometric function theory and Teichmüller space theory and have important applications involving conformal and quasiconformal maps. The paper provides an approximative characterization of local conformality and its connection with univalent polynomials. Also, some other quantitative applications of this connection are given.
Research on the Human–Robot Collaborative Disassembly Line Balancing of Spent Lithium Batteries with a Human Factor Load
Authors: Jiao Jie , Feng Guangsheng , Yuan Gang
Published: June 2024

The disassembly of spent lithium batteries is a prerequisite for efficient product recycling, the first link in remanufacturing, and its operational form has gradually changed from traditional manual disassembly to robot-assisted human–robot cooperative disassembly. Robots exhibit robust load-bearing capacity and perform stable repetitive tasks, while humans possess subjective experiences and tacit knowledge. It makes the disassembly activity more adaptable and ergonomic. However, existing human–robot collaborative disassembly studies have neglected to account for time-varying human conditions, such as safety, cognitive behavior, workload, and human pose shifts. Firstly, in order to overcome the limitations of existing research, we propose a model for balancing human–robot collaborative disassembly lines that take into consideration the load factor related to human involvement. This entails the development of a multi-objective mathematical model aimed at minimizing both the cycle time of the disassembly line and its associated costs while also aiming to reduce the integrated smoothing exponent. Secondly, we propose a modified multi-objective fruit fly optimization algorithm. The proposed algorithm combines chaos theory and the global cooperation mechanism to improve the performance of the algorithm. We add Gaussian mutation and crowding distance to efficiently solve the discrete optimization problem. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness and sensitivity of the improved multi-objective fruit fly optimization algorithm by solving and analyzing an example of Mercedes battery pack disassembly.
An Efficient Probabilistic Algorithm to Detect Periodic Patterns in Spatio-Temporal Datasets
Authors: Gutiérrez-Soto Claudio , Galdames Patricio , Palomino Marco A.
Published: June 2024

Deriving insight from data is a challenging task for researchers and practitioners, especially when working on spatio-temporal domains. If pattern searching is involved, the complications introduced by temporal data dimensions create additional obstacles, as traditional data mining techniques are insufficient to address spatio-temporal databases (STDBs). We hereby present a new algorithm, which we refer to as F1/FP, and can be described as a probabilistic version of the Minus-F1 algorithm to look for periodic patterns. To the best of our knowledge, no previous work has compared the most cited algorithms in the literature to look for periodic patterns—namely, Apriori, MS-Apriori, FP-Growth, Max-Subpattern, and PPA. Thus, we have carried out such comparisons and then evaluated our algorithm empirically using two datasets, showcasing its ability to handle different types of periodicity and data distributions. By conducting such a comprehensive comparative analysis, we have demonstrated that our newly proposed algorithm has a smaller complexity than the existing alternatives and speeds up the performance regardless of the size of the dataset. We expect our work to contribute greatly to the mining of astronomical data and the permanently growing online streams derived from social media.
Deep-Learning-Based Recovery of Missing Optical Marker Trajectories in 3D Motion Capture Systems
Authors: Yuhai Oleksandr , Choi Ahnryul , Cho Yubin , Kim Hyunggun , Mun Joung Hwan
Published: June 2024

Motion capture (MoCap) technology, essential for biomechanics and motion analysis, faces challenges from data loss due to occlusions and technical issues. Traditional recovery methods, based on inter-marker relationships or independent marker treatment, have limitations. This study introduces a novel U-net-inspired bi-directional long short-term memory (U-Bi-LSTM) autoencoder-based technique for recovering missing MoCap data across multi-camera setups. Leveraging multi-camera and triangulated 3D data, this method employs a sophisticated U-shaped deep learning structure with an adaptive Huber regression layer, enhancing outlier robustness and minimizing reconstruction errors, proving particularly beneficial for long-term data loss scenarios. Our approach surpasses traditional piecewise cubic spline and state-of-the-art sparse low rank methods, demonstrating statistically significant improvements in reconstruction error across various gap lengths and numbers. This research not only advances the technical capabilities of MoCap systems but also enriches the analytical tools available for biomechanical research, offering new possibilities for enhancing athletic performance, optimizing rehabilitation protocols, and developing personalized treatment plans based on precise biomechanical data.
No-Reference-Based and Noise Level Evaluations of Cinematic Rendering in Bone Computed Tomography
Authors: Shim Jina , Lee Youngjin
Published: June 2024

Cinematic rendering (CR) is a new 3D post-processing technology widely used to produce bone computed tomography (CT) images. This study aimed to evaluate the performance quality of CR in bone CT images using blind quality and noise level evaluations. Bone CT images of the face, shoulder, lumbar spine, and wrist were acquired. Volume rendering (VR), which is widely used in the field of diagnostic medical imaging, was additionally set along with CR. A no-reference-based blind/referenceless image spatial quality evaluator (BRISQUE) and coefficient of variation (COV) were used to evaluate the overall quality of the acquired images. The average BRISQUE values derived from the four areas were 39.87 and 46.44 in CR and VR, respectively. The difference between the two values was approximately 1.16, and the difference between the resulting values increased, particularly in the bone CT image, where metal artifacts were observed. In addition, we confirmed that the COV value improved by 2.20 times on average when using CR compared to VR. This study proved that CR is useful in reconstructing bone CT 3D images and that various applications in the diagnostic medical field will be possible.
Paraphoma chrysanthemicola Affects the Carbohydrate and Lobetyolin Metabolism Regulated by Salicylic Acid in the Soilless Cultivation of Codonopsis pilosula
Authors: Sun Wenbin , Luo Caiming , Wu Yamiao , Ding Miao , Feng Min , Leng Feifan , Wang Yonggang
Published: June 2024

Paraphoma chrysanthemicola, an endophytic fungus isolated from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula, influences salicylic acid (SA) levels. The interaction mechanism between SA and P. chrysanthemicola within C. pilosula remains elusive. To elucidate this, an experiment was conducted with four treatments: sterile water (CK), P. chrysanthemicola (FG), SA, and a combination of P. chrysanthemicola with salicylic acid (FG+SA). Results indicated that P. chrysanthemicola enhanced plant growth and counteracted the growth inhibition caused by exogenous SA. Physiological analysis showed that P. chrysanthemicola reduced carbohydrate content and enzymatic activity in C. pilosula without affecting total chlorophyll concentration and attenuated the increase in these parameters induced by exogenous SA. Secondary metabolite profiling showed a decrease in soluble proteins and lobetyolin levels in the FG group, whereas SA treatment led to an increase. Both P. chrysanthemicola and SA treatments decreased antioxidase-like activity. Notably, the FG group exhibited higher nitric oxide (NO) levels, and the SA group exhibited higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in the stems. This study elucidated the intricate context of the symbiotic dynamics between the plant species P. chrysanthemicola and C. pilosula, where an antagonistic interaction involving salicylic acid was prominently observed. This antagonism was observed in the equilibrium between carbohydrate metabolism and secondary metabolism. This equilibrium had the potential to engage reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO).
Modulation of Adverse Health Effects of Environmental Cadmium Exposure by Zinc and Its Transporters
Authors: Cirovic Ana , Cirovic Aleksandar , Yimthiang Supabhorn , Vesey David A. , Satarug Soisungwan
Published: June 2024

Zinc (Zn) is the second most abundant metal in the human body and is essential for the function of 10% of all proteins. As metals cannot be synthesized or degraded, they must be assimilated from the diet by specialized transport proteins, which unfortunately also provide an entry route for the toxic metal pollutant cadmium (Cd). The intestinal absorption of Zn depends on the composition of food that is consumed, firstly the amount of Zn itself and then the quantity of other food constituents such as phytate, protein, and calcium (Ca). In cells, Zn is involved in the regulation of intermediary metabolism, gene expression, cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. The cellular influx, efflux, subcellular compartmentalization, and trafficking of Zn are coordinated by transporter proteins, solute-linked carriers 30A and 39A (SLC30A and SLC39A), known as the ZnT and Zrt/Irt-like protein (ZIP). Because of its chemical similarity with Zn and Ca, Cd disrupts the physiological functions of both. The concurrent induction of a Zn efflux transporter ZnT1 (SLC30A1) and metallothionein by Cd disrupts the homeostasis and reduces the bioavailability of Zn. The present review highlights the increased mortality and the severity of various diseases among Cd-exposed persons and the roles of Zn and other transport proteins in the manifestation of Cd cytotoxicity. Special emphasis is given to Zn intake levels that may lower the risk of vision loss and bone fracture associated with Cd exposure. The difficult challenge of determining a permissible intake level of Cd is discussed in relation to the recommended dietary Zn intake levels.
Slow Sulfide Donor GYY4137 Increased the Sensitivity of Two Breast Cancer Cell Lines to Paclitaxel by Different Mechanisms
Authors: Liskova Veronika , Chovancova Barbora , Galvankova Kristina , Klena Ladislav , Matyasova Katarina , Babula Petr , Grman Marian , Rezuchova Ingeborg , Bartosova Maria , Krizanova Olga
Published: June 2024

Paclitaxel (PTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent affecting microtubule polymerization. The efficacy of PTX depends on the type of tumor, and its improvement would be beneficial in patients’ treatment. Therefore, we tested the effect of slow sulfide donor GYY4137 on paclitaxel sensitivity in two different breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231, derived from a triple negative cell line, and JIMT1, which overexpresses HER2 and is resistant to trastuzumab. In JIMT1 and MDA-MB-231 cells, we compared IC50 and some metabolic (apoptosis induction, lactate/pyruvate conversion, production of reactive oxygen species, etc.), morphologic (changes in cytoskeleton), and functional (migration, angiogenesis) parameters for PTX and PTX/GYY4137, aiming to determine the mechanism of the sensitization of PTX. We observed improved sensitivity to paclitaxel in the presence of GYY4137 in both cell lines, but also some differences in apoptosis induction and pyruvate/lactate conversion between these cells. In MDA-MB-231 cells, GYY4137 increased apoptosis without affecting the IP3R1 protein, changing the morphology of the cytoskeleton. A mechanism of PTX sensitization by GYY4137 in JIMT1 cells is distinct from MDA-MB-231, and remains to be further elucidated. We suggest different mechanisms of action for H2S on the paclitaxel treatment of MDA-MB-231 and JIMT1 breast cancer cell lines.