bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pazarlama Yönetiminde Markalar
Authors: DEMİROĞLU Mehmet
Published: July 2020

Marka, bir işletmenin mal ve hizmetlerini bir başka işletmenin mal ve hizmetlerinden ayırt eder. Pazarlama yönetimi araçlarından olan markalar, müşteri zihinlerinde ürünlere ilişkin bir imaj oluşturur. Ürünlerin piyasa fiyatı, marka imajı ile oluşan değeri de içerir. Pazarlama açısından, marka değerine odaklanan birçok çalışma vardır. Küresel ortamda pazarlama stratejileri geliştirmede, markalaşma çabaları önem kazanmıştır. İşletmeler için sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajı sağlamada, marka oluşturma ve marka koruması önemli hale gelmiştir. Ülkeler açısından da, rekabet avantajı sağlamada yine marka oluşturmanın ve korumanın önemli rolü vardır. Ülkelerin rekabet gücünde önemli göstergeler olan ihracat/ milli gelir büyüklükleri ile marka oluşturma/koruma faaliyetleri arasında genelde benzer bir eğilim vardır. İşletmeler açısından marka oluşturma ve marka koruması, sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajı sağlayarak daha fazla getiri elde etmede vazgeçilmez öneme sahiptir.
Nöropazarlama ve Nöropazarlama Araçları: Teorik Bir Çerçeve
Authors: GEDİK Yasemin
Published: July 2020

Tüketicilerin davranışlarını analiz etmek ve karar alma süreçlerini anlamak, pazarlama için en öncelikli konulardan biridir. Geleneksel pazarlama araştırmasında kullanılan (örn. anket, gözlem vb) araçlar yeterince objektif ve dürüst olmadıkları için yetersiz kalmaktadır. Nöropazarlama, nöro bilim, nöroekonomi, psikoloji ve pazarlamanın buluştuğu yeni bir alandır. Nöropazarlama, tüketici davranışlarını anlamak için nörobilimsel yöntemlerin uygulanmasıdır. Nöropazarlama, yüksek teknolojili nörogörüntüleme araçlarıyla (FMRI, EEG, MEG vb.) bir uyaran varlığında beynin bilinçaltı ve fizyolojik tepkilerini derinlemesine incelemektedir. Böylece tüketici karar alma mekanizmalarının ve davranışlarının altında yatan psikolojik ve nörolojik faktörler hakkında son derece güvenilir ve doğru bilgiler sunmaktadır. Nöropazarlama, etkili reklam, yeni ürün ve pazarlama stratejileri oluşturmada işletmeler için önemli bir rehberdir. Bu makalede amaç, nöropazarlama, nöropazarlamanın avantajları ve kısıtları, ayrıca nörö pazarlama araçları hakında detaylı bir kavramsal çerçeve sunmaktır.
PERSONAL BRANDING DALAM MEDIA SOSIAL: STUDI PADA MAHASISWA PENGUNJUNG MUSEUM MACAN
Authors: Aziz Davi Ravindra
Published: July 2020

The technology of internet is keep developing which led to a variety of socialmedia which is currently often used by teenagers, especially collegestudents. Social media has become a new platform for college tudents to dopersonal branding activities, especially in Instagram. The aim of thisresearch was to find out the process of personal branding in the social mediaconducted by visitors in Museum MACAN. The concepts of this research aresocial media, personal branding, and youth. Data collection and informationobtained through in-depth interviews with two informants who fit thecriteria. The results of this study was that the two informants had their ownway of building their personal branding and this affects them on maintaintheir accounts such as pay attention on likes given, numbers of followers,and other accounts they are followed. The second reason for this informantto visit the Museum MACAN was based on the same thing which they wantto follow the trend.
IS THE FASHION STORE, PT MATAHARI DEPARTMENT STORE TBK STILL PROFITABLE IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL INNOVATION? For the Period of 2008-2017
Authors: Daryanto Wiwiek Mardawiyah , Brazer Fransiscus X John , Alif Jodipati
Published: July 2020

Retail industry in Indonesia has grown rapidly alongside with the current growing of technology. By the ever-growing technology development, the behaviors of Indonesian people are also slightly changes to become more efficient and simple way of buying things. The study sought to observe the performance of PT Matahari Department Store Tbk (MDS) before and after the digital innovation that took place in the early 2010s. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the advent of E-commerce has affected PT MDS’s performance. Financial ratio such as profitability and overall measures were used to analyze PT MDS’s financial performance. Period taken in this study were in before (2008-2010) and after the appearance of E-Commerce in retail  industry (2011-2017). This study found that in 2008-2010 (E-commerce first pilot project) the profitability performance of PT MDS was not in good condition. However, in 2011 or E-Commerce Emergence & Transition, PT MDS began to improve its financial performance by successfully recording positive trends in all financial ratios except ROE. This has occurred due to the impact of reverse stock and corporate restructuring in 2009. Additionally, an increase in the shareholding of public ownership was also taken in action in 2013 to drive up the price of company’s shares and boost the company's ratio. Thus, it can be sum up that PT MDS’s financial performance was not affected by the presence of E-commerce, instead it influenced by company’s actions. However, with an objective to adapt in this era, PT MDS has launched Matahari.com for targeting other segments and other strategies to keep up the improvements.
Three years on! Ohinewai Farmer Study Group. Pooling intellect and extracting information
Authors: Bateup N. , Carlyon M. , Cotman J. , Cotman B. , Nelson S. , O'Reilly B. , Brown M.P. , Buckley P.
Published: July 2020

This paper documents the thinking and activities undertaken by a group of dairy farmers charting their own destiny with the assistance of science and industry knowledge. Examples are given of how the group has identified on-farm issues that have no single answer and how they have worked towards resolving these. Challenges for science working with farmers and farmer response to science are noted. Keywords: clover, economics, environment, quality assurance, study group
Long-term performance of white clover cultivars oversown into summer-dry hill country
Authors: Dodd M.B. , Sheath G.W. , Wedderburn M.E. , Tarbotton I.S.
Published: July 2020

The performance of three white clover cultivars (Huia, Tahora and Prop) was monitored in summerdry hill country at the Whatawhata Research Centre for 9 years. The cultivars were oversown into three steep north-aspect paddocks in autumn 1990. White clover abundance was measured every spring using line transects, and stolon fragments were sampled to determine the contribution of the cultivars to overall populations by allozyme electrophoresis on three occasions (1991, 1993, and 1994). White clover abundance declined from ~50% in the first year to ~4% in 1999. There were no significant differences in abundance between the three cultivar treatments after year 2. There were significant differences in the contribution of the cultivars to white clover populations after 5 years as follows: Huia 27%, Tahora 33% and Prop 56%. The implications of these results for introducing new white clover genotypes into summer-dry hill country are discussed. Keywords: 'Grasslands Huia', 'Grasslands Tahora', hill country, long-term, 'Prop', summerdry, white clover
Resident pasture growth and the micro-environment beneath young, widespaced poplars in New Zealand
Authors: Douglas G.B. , Walcroft A.S. , Wills B.J. , Hurst S.E. , Foote A.G. , Trainor K.D. , Fung L.E.
Published: July 2020

Poplar (Populus spp.) trees are planted on pastoral hill country throughout New Zealand, primarily for soil conservation. The effect of wide-spaced trees (16-100/ha) aged 8-15 years on understorey pasture growth, botanical composition, and microenvironmental characteristics, was determined at Pohangina (1997-2000) and Lawrence (1998- 2000) in the lower North and South Islands, respectively. Relative to environments without trees, at Lawrence pasture growth (13 100 kg dry matter (DM)/ha/yr) was reduced by 20% and 34% on north and south sides of trees, respectively. At Pohangina (7915 kg DM/ha/yr), trees had less influence (7% and 14% reduction) on understorey pasture growth. There were also strong seasonal effects at both sites, corresponding to when the trees were foliated. Swards at each site comprised 81-93% grass. At Lawrence, swards had similar botanical composition beneath and beyond trees. Swards on the north side of trees at Pohangina comprised relatively high grass and low legume content compared with those on the south side and in the open. Compared with open pasture, areas beneath young poplars received up to 24% less rainfall and 31% less solar irradiance, and soil water content (0-200 mm depth) was up to 33% lower in summer and autumn. At intermediate soil water contents (0.25-0.35 m3/m3), the profile of soil water content around trees during drying was frequently U-shaped, being lowest beneath the stem and increasing with distance away from the tree. Likely reasons for the pasture responses and variation in tree-pasture interactions between sites are discussed. The results will be used to model changes in tree-pasture interactions over time. Keywords: agroforestry, poplar, Populus, silvopastoralism, soil conservation, soil water, treepasture interactions
Modelling factors affecting reproductive development of perennial ryegrass in Waikato dairy pastures
Authors: Fiorelli C.F. , Woodward S.J.R. , Wastney M.E. , Thom E.R. , Bahmani I.
Published: July 2020

A mechanistic model was developed to identify biological processes responsible for differences in reproductive tillering between 'Ellett' and 'Grasslands Ruanui' perennial ryegrass cultivars. In the model, a field perennial ryegrass tiller population was represented with six compartments: vegetative, emerging reproductive, mature reproductive and dead tillers (three compartments). The biological processes driving the transfer of tillers from one compartment to another were: conversion of vegetative tillers to reproductive tillers, maturation of emerging reproductive tillers, senescence of mature reproductive tillers, and death of reproductive tillers due to grazing. The model was used to analyse data from Waikato dairy pastures. This enabled some of the effects of irrigation, nitrogen, cultivar and season (weather) on the biological processes to be identified. During spring and early summer, the proportion of reproductive tillers in 'Ellett' pastures was always higher than in 'Grasslands Ruanui', regardless of treatment and year. The model explained this difference by a higher conversion rate of 'Ellett' vegetative tillers to reproductive tillers, and suggested that conversion rate is the key process determining reproductive development in perennial ryegrass. Opportunities to control reproductive tillering are discussed. Keywords: flowering, Lolium perenne, perennial ryegrass, reproductive development
Salt (NaCl) use in New Zealand pastoral agriculture - a summary of recent trial results
Authors: Hawke M.F. , O'Connor M.B. , Waller J. , Macdonald K.A. , Hobson B. , Coulter S.
Published: July 2020

Milking cows in mid-season gave a 12.8% increase in milk yield when drenched with NaCl where herbage sodium (Na) levels were deficient (
Once-a-day milking: possible and profitable?
Authors: Tong M.J. , Clark D.A. , Cooper C.V.
Published: July 2020

Once-a-day (OAD) milking offers a major opportunity to improve labour output on New Zealand farms. However few full lactation studies have been undertaken to investigate the effect of this strategy on the productivity of the farm system. A trial was established in 2000 to measure the effect of milking frequency and breed in farm systems where stocking rate was adjusted to equalise per hectare feed demand in different herds. There were four treatments: two herds of 35 Friesian and 42 Jersey cows, at 3.5 and 4.2 cows/hectare respectively, were milked OAD for the entire season. Another two herds of 30 Friesian and 36 Jersey cows, at 3.0 and 3.6 cows/ hectare respectively, were milked twice a day. A higher stocking rate was used for the two OAD herds in an attempt to compensate for the effects of the expected decrease in feed eaten. In the Jersey herd, milking OAD resulted in decreased milksolids (MS) yield per cow and per hectare of 22% and 9% respectively. In the Friesians the corresponding decrease was 31% per cow and 19% per hectare. OAD milking resulted in significantly higher protein and milksolids concentrations, and lower lactose concentration. Mean individual somatic cell count was significantly increased by OAD milking, despite the absence of any differences in levels of bacterial infections between herds. The reduction in MS yield per cow and per hectare was smaller for the Jersey herd than the Friesian herd, indicating that the Jersey cow is perhaps better suited to OAD milking. Keywords: farm system, Friesians, Jerseys, milksolids, milk composition, once-a -day milking, somatic cell count
Automatic Milking Systems: an option to address the labour shortage on New Zealand dairy farms?
Authors: Jago J.G. , Woolford M.W.
Published: July 2020

There is a growing shortage of labour within the dairy industry. To address this the industry needs to attract more people and/or reduce the labour requirements on dairy farms. Current milk harvesting techniques contribute to both the labour requirements and the current labour shortage within the industry as the process is labour-intensive and necessitates long and unsociable working hours. Automated milking systems (AMS) have been in operation, albeit on a small scale, on commercial farms in Europe for a decade and may have the potential to address labour issues within the New Zealand dairy industry. A research programme has been established (The Greenfield Project) which aims to determine the feasibility of automated milking under New Zealand dairying conditions. A Fullwoods MERLIN AMS has been installed on a protoype farmlet and is successfully milking a small herd of 41 cows. Progress from the prototype Greenfields system offers considerable potential for implementing AMS in extensive grazing systems. Keywords: automated milking systems, dairy cattle, grazing, labour
Urine patches indicate yield potential of cocksfoot
Authors: Peri P.L. , Moot D.J. , Lucas R.J.
Published: July 2020

Dry matter (DM) production and crude protein (CP%) of sheep urine patches in a grazed cocksfoot pasture (28 day rotation with 21±1 days regrowth) were measured at Lincoln University from September 1999 to May 2001. Also, the DM response from artificial urine patches was measured over time. The rate of nitrogen (N) applied per hectare in an individual urine patch was 173 kg N/ha in autumn compared with 448 kg N/ha in spring. This stimulated a maximum difference in DM production between urine patches and controls over a 21 day period of 1970 kg DM/ha in spring (October). Smaller differences were measured in summer (380 kg DM/ha) and winter (370 kg DM/ha). The maximum difference in CP% was also in spring being 27.0% for urine patches and 18.7% for controls. DM production differences were attributed to differences in net leaf photosynthetic rate, which ranged from 23.5 in spring to 4.5 mol CO2 m-2 s-1in summer. Leaf photosynthetic rate was limited solely by N supply in spring, by soil moisture (mean soil volumetric water content in the top 500 mm < 20%) and leaf N content (< 3 %N) in summer and mainly by low temperatures (< 9 ºC) but also N supply in winter. The low temperature in winter also meant the duration of urine patch response was 133 days compared with 105 days in spring and 77 days in summer. In a second experiment, the DM response of cocksfoot to synthetic urine (300 kg N/ha) and irrigation was examined in ungrazed areas (four 60-day regrowth periods and one 110-day winter regrowth). From these treatments, the maximum annual DM production for cocksfoot with irrigation and N was 28.6 t DM/ha/yr compared with 9.2 t DM/ha/yr for the control. The addition of irrigation alone yielded 13.0 t DM/ha/yr compared with N alone at 23.5 t DM/ha/yr. To overcome the N stress in cocksfoot pastures a combination of applied N in spring, tap rooted perennial legumes in summer and annual clovers in winter is recommended. Keywords: clover, cocksfoot, crude protein, Dactylis glomerata, leaf photosynthesis, nitrogen, pasture production, potential yield, urine patches
Effect of frequency of pasture measurement on estimation of pasture growth rates: field observations and predictions of a whole farm model
Authors: Prewer W.E. , Lile J.A. , Macdonald K.A. , Bright K.P. , Palliser C.C. , Lancaster J.A.S. , Wastney M.E.
Published: July 2020

The frequency of measurements to generate pasture growth rate data varies. Commonly measurements are made once weekly or fortnightly and averaged monthly, using a variety of methods. To assess the effect of frequency of measurement on estimates of pasture growth rate, weekly visual assessment of farm pasture cover was compared with the fortnightly and monthly average and also with predictions by a Whole Farm Model. Weekly observed pasture growth rates had large fluctuations but these were removed when the weekly values were averaged monthly. The fluctuations are due to the variety of paddocks assessed, climatic factors, inconsistencies of operators and inherent errors in the technique used. Values calculated by a Whole Farm Model also showed daily variation in pasture growth rate but the fluctuations were not as severe as those in the observed pasture growth rate data because human error of assessment and error in the technique were removed. Observed monthly pasture growth rates were also compared with values calculated by the model. The model closely predicted observed pasture growth rates for most months. To obtain an accurate estimate for monthly growth rates it is better to average a number of assessments. In the field, this could be an average of weekly observations. Because the model calculates rates daily, it can be used to predict pasture growth rates on a more frequent basis (e.g. weekly) to aid feed budgeting. Keywords: dairy farm, herbage mass, model, pasture growth, simulation
Red clover - a legume showing tolerance to clover root weevil
Authors: Cooper B.M. , Crush J.R. , Woodfield D.R. , Willoughby B.E. , Panckhurst K.A.
Published: July 2020

Clover root weevil (CRW) has now spread through the northern North Island, and south into Taranaki and Hawke's Bay r egions. Sever e infestations can decimate white clover in pasture. In 1998, 2000 and 2002, trials were estab lished on a Warkworth Northland dairy farm to test a range of legume species for resistance or tolerance to CRW damage. Trial lines were regularly assessed for relative vigour and levels of CRW damage. No plant resistance w as identified among white clover, red clover, lucerne, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus pedunculatus or Caucasian clover seed lines. A few lines were adapted to the site and showed tolerance to CRW. Red clover suf fered the least damage and tolerant selections were made from a creeping red clover and nine white clover lines. Two further trials confirmed that red clover showed the least damage. Further cycles of selection are required to develop the potential tolerance shown in field tests. Red clover or a well-adapted white clover offers potential to cope with the CRW stress. Keywords: clover root weevil, clover selections, legume tolerance, Sitona lepidus
Management effects on soil carbon storage in New Zealand pastures
Authors: Metherell A.K.
Published: July 2020

The amount of soil carbon is the net effect of carbon inputs and decomposition and is influenced by many factors including the level of herbage utilisation, root production, litter quality, soil fertility and soil moisture status. Long term experiments at Winchmore, in mid- Canterbury, show soil carbon levels increased after initial development, but after 50 years fertiliser input has had no net effect on soil carbon, while increasing the frequency of irrigation has actually resulted in lower soil carbon levels. Pasture development at Ballantrae , in the southern Hawke's Bay, has been associated with a decline in soil C levels, with the high fertility treatment having only slightly higher soil C than the treatment receiving a lower rate of fertiliser. At Tara Hills, in South Island semi-arid high country, increased stocking rate is associated with a decrease in soil C. Contrary to common perceptions increases in pasture and farm productivity do not necessarily result in increased soil carbon storage. Keywords: carbon, fer tiliser, grazing management, irrigation, soil organic matter
Effect of nitrogen fertiliser rate on production and nitrogen leaching from Italian ryegrass following a maize silage crop
Authors: Judge A.A. , Jensen R.N. , Sprosen M.S. , Ledgard S.F. , Thom E.R. , Catto W.D.
Published: July 2020

Dry matter (DM) yield responses and field nitrogen (N) leaching losses were assessed following the application of 4 rates of N fertiliser to an Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) crop grown after maize. The trial was conducted on a free-draining Horotiu silt loam (typic orthic allophanic soil) at Dexcel's Scott Farm near Hamilton, New Zealand. The grass was direct dr illed into maize stubble on 13 April 2002. Small plots received a total of 0, 40, 100 or 160 kg N/ha as urea, split into 4 equal applications from May to July. Total DM production over 24 weeks for the 0, 40, 100 or 160 kg N/ha treatments was 2730, 3487, 4238 and 4840 kg DM/ha, respectively. Additional kg DM produced/kg N applied was 19, 15 and 13, respectively. The 'apparent' proportion of applied N removed in the herbage from all plots was 55- 60%. Herbage nitrate-N concentrations exceeded the commonly accepted critical level of 0.21% on the 160 kg N/ha treatment at the first harvest on 3 July 2002, when only half of each N rate had been applied. There were no significant treatment differences in leaching losses (range 17-34 kg N/ha). Italian ryegrass grown on a silt loam soil after maize showed an almost linear yield response to N fertiliser over the range 40-160 kg N/ha, without increased inorganic N leaching. Further work is necessary to confirm these results and to establish whether or not higher rates of N fertiliser can be used to increase winter dry matter yields from Italian ryegrass, without increasing N leaching losses. Keywords: annual ryegrass, dairy systems, double cropping, nitrogen leaching
Biocontrol of Pythium Damping-Off on Pepper (Capsicum Annuum) with Selected Fungal and Rhizobacterial Agents
Authors: Mannai Sabrine , Jabnoun-Khiareddine Hayfa , Nasraoui Bouzid , Daami-Remadi Mejda
Published: July 2020

Pythium ultimum is a common soilborne pathogen causing serious losses of pepper seedlings in nurseries and few weeks post-planting. Two pepper associated-P. ultimum isolates (P1 and P2) were shown pathogenic to pepper cv. Altar causing post-emergence damping-off with P2 isolate being the most aggressive. Fungal and bacterial antagonists have been evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their ability to suppress P. ultimum. In dual culture assay, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride and Gliocladium virens inhibited pathogen radial growth by 18.54, 17.52 and 15.24%, respectively, relative to control, while none of the tested bacteria was shown able to significantly inhibit pathogen growth. However, drastic changes in pathogen hyphae expressed as strong lysis, the formation of mycelial cords and mycoparasitism have been observed. Pepper seeds treated with fungal antagonists’ conidial suspensions showed 60, 50 and 60% less pre-emergence damping-off infections, respectively, compared to the positive control. When tested as root dipping, only G. virens resulted in 40% reduced post-emergence damping-off. An improved seedlings fresh weight, by 79.31 and 76%, was respectively induced by G. virens-, and T. viride-based treatments while an increment of 27.58, 25.33 and 22.22 % was recorded following treatments with G. virens, T. viride and T. harzianum, relative to the positive control. The majority of tested bacterial isolates, applied as a seed treatment, had significantly improved the emergence percentage of inoculated seedlings as compared to control with Burkholderia glathei isolate 35 being the most efficient. When applied as root dipping, reduction of post-emergence damping-off ranged between 40 and 100% with Pseudomonas aureofaciens isolate 314 being the most effective agent. Seedlings treated with P. aureofaciens (314) and Bacillus pumilus (420) showed 35.38 and 28.51% higher heights, respectively. Plant weight was enhanced by 73.06, 61.18, 77.39, 61.8 and 67.93% over control following treatments with P. aureofaciens isolates 314 and 31, Bacillus pumilus 420, P. fluorescens and P. putida 227.
Distribution of Selected Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation in Various Parts of Indigenous Rice (Bokilong, Ponsulak and Taragang) in North Borneo
Authors: Mohd Hamdan Diana Demiyah , Mohd Azman Amirah Syuhada , Musa Fazilah , Sabullah Mohd Khalizan
Published: July 2020

The prospect of three native upland paddy landraces known as Bokilong, Ponsulak and Taragang as heavy metals accumulator for phytoremediation was determined. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) in various parts of paddy plants collected from Kiulu valley, North Borneo in the natural conditions during the vegetative phase and harvest season were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). All selected heavy metals were traced in soil samples of all three paddy landraces rhizosphere where the most available heavy metals were Fe followed by Zn. Heavy metals bioavailability in soil seemed to be influenced by the local climate of the cultivation field. Bokilong landrace is an accumulator of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. Ponsulak paddy can help clean up the soil by phytoextraction of As, Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn. Taragang paddy has a prospect in phytoextraction of Cd and Pb to remediate excess amount of this element in the soil. Different heavy metals concentration trends were accumulated in these three paddy landraces in grain indicated different nutritional values. Heavy metal uptake characteristic differs between upland paddy landraces and there was also environmental influence affecting the mobility rate of these elements in paddy plant depending on the element type and paddy genotype.
PENGETAHUAN DAN DUKUNGAN SUAMI TERHADAP KEIKUTSERTAAN PASANGAN USIA SUBUR PADA SCREENING KANKER LEHER RAHIM DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TIPO
Authors: Sri Restu Tempali
Published: July 2020

Pencegahan kanker leher rahim dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan screening melalui pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA). Namun, pemeriksaan IVA di Puskesmas Tipo tahun 2017 masih rendah, yaitu hanya 72 jiwa dari 1.513 jiwa Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan dukungan suami terhadap keikutsertaan pasangan usia subur untuk screening kanker leher rahim. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Cross Sectional dengan populasi semua PUS umur 15-49 tahun yang datang berkunjungan ke wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tipo. Adapun sampel sebanyak 54 responden dengan teknik Purposive sampling. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan uji Fisher’s exact. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan (p=0,202) dan keikutsertaan PUS pada Screening kanker leher rahim. Sedangkan, hasil yang lain menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara dukungan suami (p=0,023) dengan keikutsertaan PUS pada Screening kanker leher rahim. Kesimpulan, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara dukungan suami dengan keikutsertaan PUS pada Screening kanker leher rahim di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tipo. Bidan diharapkan dapat melibatkan suami dalam sosialisasi pentingnya pemeriksaan IVA kepada PUS.
Ancient Divergence Driven by Geographic Isolation and Ecological Adaptation in Forest Dependent Sundaland Tree Squirrels
Authors: Hinckley Arlo , Hawkins Melissa T. R. , Achmadi Anang S. , Maldonado Jesús E. , Leonard Jennifer A.
Published: July 2020

A surprising amount of hidden phylogenetic diversity exists in the small to medium size, drab colored squirrels of the genusSundasciurus. This genus is endemic to Sundaland and the Philippines, where it is widespread. An earlier revision of this genus found that the high elevation ‘populations’ of the widespread, lowland slender squirrel (S. tenuis) were different species. Previous phylogenies based on mitochondrial cytochromebsequences also suggested that the widespread, lowland Low’s squirrel (S. lowii) and the narrow endemic Fraternal squirrel (S. fraterculus) are not reciprocally monophyletic. Additionally, deep divergences have been identified between lineages within Low’s squirrel that date to the early Pliocene. Here we focus on evaluating the relationships and differences within and between populations of these two nominal species using whole mitochondrial genome sequences, nuclear intron sequences, and morphology. We reassess the taxonomy of this group, revalidate the species status of Robinson’s squirrel (Sundasciurus robinsoniBonhote, 1903) support the species level recognition of the Natuna squirrel (Sundasciurus natunensisThomas, 1895) and identify three other lineages that require further study. We estimate times of divergence and integrate geologic history to find that most of the divergences are pre-Pleistocene, and thus predate the Pleistocene flooding of Sundaland. Biogeographic, and ecological factors may have played a more important role than climatic factors in generating these patterns. While divergence in allopatry seems to be the main process driving speciation in lowland Sundaland squirrels (Sundasciurus), ecomorphological and behavioral adaptations in this clade suggest an important role of niche divergence.
La Psicoterapia y el cambio psíquico, entre las Evidencias basadas en la Práctica, y la Práctica basada en las Evidencias
Authors: Ávila-Espada Alejandro
Published: July 2020

En este trabajo se reflexiona, desde la perspectiva intersubjetiva y relacional sobre las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cuáles son las intervenciones y tratamientos que se producen en el contexto de la práctica clínica actual en Salud Mental? ¿Qué clase de teoría y método científico es aplicable a dicha práctica clínica? ¿Qué es y qué no es una pseudoterapia, y cuales los sesgos de esta pseudopolémica? ¿Qué evidencias debemos reconocer como relevantes e incorporar como criterios para valorar nuestras intervenciones? ¿Tenemos conciencia de la necesidad de evaluar nuestra práctica psicoterapéutica asistencial? ¿Cómo debemos evaluar nuestras intervenciones, para contribuir a su mejora, y al incremento de la calidad de las intervenciones ulteriores? ¿Es una evaluación principalmente cuantitativa o cualitativa? Tras examinar estas cuestiones se propone centrar nuestra atención en los criterios de calidad de una psicoterapia basada en la dialéctica entre práctica e investigación, así como en identificar algunas de las megatendencias que se prevé marcarán la evolución de las necesidades de la psicoterapia a lo largo del siglo XXI, en torno a las que se abren vías de reflexión.
Root Involvement in Plant Responses to Adverse Environmental Conditions
Authors: Vives-Peris Vicente , López-Climent María F. , Pérez-Clemente Rosa M. , Gómez-Cadenas Aurelio
Published: July 2020

Climate change is altering the environment in which plants grow and survive. An increase in worldwide Earth surface temperatures has been already observed, together with an increase in the intensity of other abiotic stress conditions such as water deficit, high salinity, heavy metal intoxication, etc., generating harmful conditions that destabilize agricultural systems. Stress conditions deeply affect physiological, metabolic and morphological traits of plant roots, essential organs for plant survival as they provide physical anchorage to the soil, water and nutrient uptake, mechanisms for stress avoidance, specific signals to the aerial part and to the biome in the soil, etc. However, most of the work performed until now has been mainly focused on aerial organs and tissues. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the effects of different abiotic stress conditions on root molecular and physiological responses. First, we revise the methods used to study these responses (omics and phenotyping techniques). Then, we will outline how environmental stress conditions trigger various signals in roots for allowing plant cells to sense and activate the adaptative responses. Later, we discuss on some of the main regulatory mechanisms controlling root adaptation to stress conditions, the interplay between hormonal regulatory pathways and the global changes on gene expression and protein homeostasis. We will present recent advances on how the root system integrates all these signals to generate different physiological responses, including changes in morphology, long distance signaling and root exudation. Finally, we will discuss the new prospects and challenges in this field.
A CLIOS Analysis for the Promotion of Sustainable Plans of Mobility: The Case of Mexico City
Authors: Chatziioannou Ioannis , Alvarez-Icaza Luis , Bakogiannis Efthimios , Kyriakidis Charalampos , Chias-Becerril Luis
Published: July 2020

Transportation systems help in shaping an area’s economic health and quality of life, providing the infrastructure for the mobility of people and goods. Nevertheless, the negative externalities of car-oriented urban-metropolitan planning have heightened awareness for the need of urban planning approaches that incorporate sustainable mobility. Consequently, cities worldwide have increasingly produced sustainable mobility plans. This points to the need of creating mechanisms to implement these sustainable plans, particularly in large, complex, and fast-growing cities. This paper provides guidelines to facilitate the implementation of Sustainable Mobility Plans by focusing on the case of Mexico City. This is achieved by applying the complex large-scale integrated open systems (CLIOS) systemic analysis, in two steps: first, we facilitate the identification of the complexities and relationships among the essential systems of Mexico City’s urban structure, along with the recognition of their most important components and the institutions involved within the urban planning process. Second, we assess the effectiveness of the public policies–strategies that form part of Mexico City’s Sustainable Mobility Plan and organize them in order of importance. The results show which principal subsystems should be considered for sustainable mobility and which public policies–strategies should be prioritized in order to implement the aforementioned plan effectively.
Production and Characterization of Anti-Inflammatory Monascus Pigment Derivatives
Authors: Choe Deokyeong , Song Soo Min , Shin Chul Soo , Johnston Tony V. , Ahn Hyung Jin , Kim Daehwan , Ku Seockmo
Published: July 2020

The prevention and treatment of chronic inflammation using food-derived compounds are desirable from the perspectives of marketing and safety. Monascus pigments, widely used as food additives, can be used as a chronic inflammation treatment. Orange Monascus pigments were produced by submerged fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor, and multiple orange Monascus pigment derivatives with anti-inflammatory activities were synthesized using aminophilic reaction. A total of 41 types of pigment derivatives were produced by incorporating amines and amino acids into the orange pigments. One derivative candidate that inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in Raw 264.7 cells and exhibited low cell cytotoxicity was identified via in vitro assay. The 2-amino-4 picoline derivative inhibited NO production of 48.4%, and exhibited cell viability of 90.6%. Expression of inducible NO synthase, an important enzyme in the NO synthesis pathway, was suppressed by such a derivative in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, this derivative has potential as a functional food colorant with anti-inflammatory effects.
Moringa oleifera—Storage Stability, In Vitro-Simulated Digestion and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Microencapsulated Extract
Authors: Castro-López Cecilia , Gonçalves Catarina , Ventura-Sobrevilla Janeth M. , Pastrana Lorenzo M. , Aguilar-González Cristóbal N. , Martínez-Ávila Guillermo C. G.
Published: July 2020

Moringa extract was microencapsulated for the first time by spray-drying technique using tragacanth gum (MorTG) to improve its stability under gastrointestinal and storage conditions, assessing total polyphenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity. Additionally, cytotoxicity of the microencapsulated components was evaluated after contact with Caco-2 cells. Results showed that TPC was released as follows—oral (9.7%) < gastric (35.2%) < intestinal (57.6%). In addition, the antioxidant activity in in vitro digestion reached up to 16.76 ±0.15 mg GAE g−1, which was 300% higher than the initial value. Furthermore, microencapsulated moringa extract presented a half-life up to 45 days of storage, where the noticeably change was observed at 35 °C and 52.9% relative humidity. Finally, direct treatment with 0.125 mg mL−1 MorTG on Caco-2 cells showed a slight antiproliferative effect, with a cell viability of approx. 87%. Caco-2 cells’ viability demonstrated non-cytotoxicity, supporting the safety of the proposed formulation and potential use within the food field.
Possible Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator in Pyrochlore Oxides
Authors: Hase Izumi , Yanagisawa Takashi
Published: July 2020

A Kene–Mele-type nearest-neighbor tight-binding model on a pyrochlore lattice is known to be a topological insulator in some parameter region. It is an important task to realize a topological insulator in a real compound, especially in an oxide that is stable in air. In this paper we systematically performed band structure calculations for six pyrochlore oxides A2B2O7 (A = Sn, Pb, Tl; B = Nb, Ta), which are properly described by this model, and found that heavily hole-doped Sn2Nb2O7 is a good candidate. Surprisingly, an effective spin–orbit coupling constant λ changes its sign depending on the composition of the material. Furthermore, we calculated the band structure of three virtual pyrochlore oxides, namely In2Nb2O7, In2Ta2O7 and Sn2Zr2O7. We found that Sn2Zr2O7 has a band gap at the k = 0 (Γ) point, similar to Sn2Nb2O7, though the band structure of Sn2Zr2O7 itself differs from the ideal nearest-neighbor tight-binding model. We propose that the co-doped system (In,Sn)2(Nb,Zr)2O7 may become a candidate of the three-dimensional strong topological insulator.
Symmetry in Engineering Sciences II
Authors: Montoya Francisco G. , Baños Raúl , Alcayde Alfredo , Manzano-Agugliaro Francisco
Published: July 2020

Symmetry can be understood in two different ways: as a property or as a principle. As Plato said, the symmetry that can be seen in nature is not random in itself, because it is a result of the symmetries of the physical laws. Thus, the principles of symmetry have been used to solve mechanical problems since antiquity. Today, these principles are still being researched; for example, in chemical engineering, the spatial symmetry properties of crystal lattices are being studied, or in electrical engineering, the temporal symmetry of the periodic processes of oscillators can be observed. This Special Issue is dedicated to symmetry in engineering sciences (electrical, mechanical, civil, and others) and aims to cover both engineering solutions related to symmetry and the search for patterns to understand the phenomena observed.
Does Drug-Resistant Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Hinder TB Elimination Plans? A Case from Delhi, India
Authors: Lohiya Sheelu , Tripathy Jaya Prasad , Sagili Karuna , Khanna Vishal , Kumar Ravinder , Ojha Arun , Bhatnagar Anuj , Khanna Ashwani
Published: July 2020

Extrapulmonary drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-EPTB) poses a formidable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.Besides associated with high morbidity, it is a major financial burden for the patient and the health system. In spite of this, it has often been neglected as it does not “pose” a visible public health threat. We study clinical profiles, treatment outcomes, and factors associated with unfavourable outcomes among DR-EPTB patients under programmatic settings in New Delhi, India, and evaluate how this could impact TB elimination. A retrospective analysis of all DR-EPTB patients registered at three nodal DR-TB centres in Delhi in 2016 was carried out. Of the 1261 DR-TB patients registered, 203 (16%) were DR-EPTB, with lymph nodes (118, 58%) being the most common site, followed by bone (69, 34%). Nearly 29% (n = 58) experienced adverse drug reactions with severe vomiting (26, 13 %), joint pain (21, 10%) and behavioral disorder (15, 7%). History of previous TB treatment was observed in a majority of the cases (87.7%). Nearly one-third of DR-EPTB cases (33%) had unfavourable treatment outcomes, with loss-to-follow-up (n = 40, 58%) or death (n = 14, 20%) being the most common unfavourable outcomes. In the adjusted analysis, weight band 31–50 kilograms (aRR = 1.8, 1.2–3.4) and h/o previous TB (aRR = 2.1, 1.1–4.8) were mainly associated with unfavourable outcomes. TB elimination efforts need to focus on all forms of TB, including DR-EPTB, leaving no one behind, in order to realise the dream of ending TB.
Features of the complex treatment of ulcerative colitis in clinical practice
Authors: Svetlana Svetlana , Klimentov Mikhail , Neganova Olga , Nazmieva Alina , Kochurova Anastasiya
Published: July 2020

Nowadays there are certain difficulties in the early diagnosis of ulcerative colitis, proceeding with minimal intestinal symptoms. The etiology of the disease remains unclear to this day; there is no exact information about the prevalence of the disease due to the large number of latent forms and the low number of patients seeking medical help. This article presents the results of a retrospective analysis of the incidence of ulcerative colitis in the coloproctology department of the First Republic Clinical Hospital of Izhevsk. The study was conducted to assess the frequency of occurrence and determine the internal picture of ulcerative colitis. To achieve this goal, we selected 34 patients with ulcerative colitis. A statistical study was conducted on the following criteria: gender composition, age groups, forms of the disease, localization, complications, and main complaints. The length of hospital stay often was not more than 20 days. The literature on this pathology was also studied and presented in the form of a theoretical basis, which consisted of the determination and etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases. Due to the unknown etiology, insufficiently studied pathogenesis, difficult differential diagnosis with other intestinal diseases and insufficiently perfect treatment methods, there are a large number of unresolved problems in the field of ulcerative colitis. That is why, in this article we tried to reveal the problem of the features of the course and complex therapy of that disease in clinical practice.
Hormone profile and erectile dysfunction in men with vibration disease
Authors: Babanov Sergey
Published: July 2020

Vibration disease (WB) is one of the leading diseases among workers at engineering enterprises, in the metallurgical, mining and construction industries, and in various branches of agriculture. The purpose of the study was to study the state of the hormonal profile and the severity of erectile dysfunction in men with vibrational disease. Violations of interaction in the system of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system in men with EF from the effects of general vibration, which is a harmful production factor in drivers of heavy vehicles, machine operators of agricultural enterprises, were revealed. The decrease in testosterone does not reach statistically significant changes compared with the control group and does not cause the naturally expected increase in the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone according to the law of feedback.
A new and extensive population of Stuckenia × suecica in the River Suir, S.E. Ireland
Authors: Fitzgerald Rosaleen , Preston Chris
Published: July 2020

We describe the distribution and habitat of a newly-discovered population of Stukenia × suecica (K. Richt.) Holub, the hybrid between S. pectinata (L.) Börner and S. filiformis (Pers.) Börner, encompassing a 60km stretch of the River Suir in South Tipperary (v.c.H7), Ireland. As in Yorkshire, the hybrid here is outside the geographical range of its rarer parent, S. filiformis.
Sustentos teóricos sobre contaminación en los alimentos orgánicos que producen los agentes patológicos.
Authors: Burgos Lucy , Chango Gloria , Fernández Martha
Published: July 2020

Se presentaron los Sustentos teóricos sobre la contaminación en los alimentos orgánicos que producen los agentes patológicos que forma parte de los resultados del Proyecto de Investigación “Consecuencias de la contaminación en los alimentos orgánicos producidos por agentes patológicos en sectores vulnerables de Pedro Carbo”. Dicho proyecto involucró a profesores y estudiantes de la carrera de Técnico Superior en Gastronomía del Instituto Superior Técnico MEDIFORM. Respondiendo al problema de investigación ¿Cómo atenuar los efectos de la contaminación en los alimentos orgánicos producidos por agentes patológicos que consumen los pobladores de Pedro Carbo? Se emplearon métodos teóricos como: análisis y la síntesis, de lo abstracto a lo concreto y el histórico lógico, que permitieron realizar la valoración de la contaminación en los alimentos orgánicos que producen los agentes patológicos. El resultado les permitió a los investigadores nutrirse de sustentos teóricos para la elaboración a futuro de una campaña que contribuya a concientizar a los pobladores de Pedro Carbo sobre las consecuencias de la contaminación en los alimentos orgánicos producidos por agentes patológicos.
Individualised placement support as an employment intervention for individuals with chronic pain: a qualitative exploration of stakeholder views
Authors: Holmes Michelle M , Stanescu Sabina C , Linaker Catherine , Price Catherine , Maguire Nick , Fraser Simon , Walker-Bone Karen
Published: July 2020

Background

Individualised Placement and Support (IPS) is a tailored, client-centred employment intervention for people with chronic health conditions. It involves the integration of vocational advisers within health teams to optimise return-to-work strategies. The intervention aims to get clients into employment by complementing traditional job searching skills with placements, and one-to-one mentoring alongside a work-focused health intervention.

Aim

To explore the concept of IPS for individuals with chronic pain.

Design & setting

A multi-method qualitative study was designed to explore stakeholder views of IPS for individuals with chronic pain in southern England.

Method

Fourteen semi-structured interviews and three focus groups were conducted with current recipients of IPS (clients), employment support workers (ESWs), and healthcare professionals (HCPs). All data were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

In total, 11 HCPs, five ESWs, and nine clients participated in the study. The analysis identified four themes. The situations of chronic pain patients were discussed, including their complex needs, multifaceted relationship with work, support from HCPs, and existing programmes that were failing to meet their needs. The intervention input was highlighted, including the recruitment procedures and role of ESWs. Programme activities and outcomes were also identified.

Conclusion

This study identified the complex needs and relationship with work of individuals with chronic pain. It showed that ESWs need to understand the unpredictability of symptoms for individuals with chronic pain and that clients may need additional support before a placement. The findings highlighted several activities for future IPS interventions and potential outcomes for future evaluation.