bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sanctions against Iran: Lessons for Russia in the new international context
Authors:   MGIMO University, Timofeev Ivan , Sokolshchik Yulia ,   Russian International Affairs Council, Morozov Vladimir ,   Russian International Affairs Council
Published: January 2023

The escalation of sanctions pressure and the expansion of the range of sanctions used against Russia provides for understanding the importance of studying international experience in countering restrictive measures. The article discusses the features of the application of sanctions against Iran, their impact on the economy of the state, as well as the mechanisms and ways of its adaptation to the restrictive measures of Western countries. The authors identify typological similarities, in view of which the study of the Iranian experience is significant for Russia, and differences that deserve attention in terms of understanding Russia’s capabilities in this area. Iran has been under sanctions for several decades, large-scale and numerous restrictions have been applied against it. The nuclear deal contributed to eased sanctions pressure for a short period only, proving that such agreements on concessions by the target country in response to the lifting of restrictions by the initiating states are not always sustainable. As a result of the analysis, the main stages of imposing sanctions against Iran are defined. The authors highlight the trend towards sanctions against the energy and financial sector and its constant tightening, as well as the increasing number of participants in the coalition of initiating countries and the UN Security Council resolution on measures against Iran. The UN Security Council sanctions are viewed as serious measures in terms of foreign policy implications. In addition, the authors reveal the key elements of Iran’s policy in the field of countering restrictive measures and adapting the economy to them. Measures related to structural changes in the economy, optimization of the social sphere, use of imperfection of sanctions regimes, diversification of international partners are indicated as such components. Thus, Iran’s experience in adapting to sanctions can rather be characterized as successful and relevant for Russia, despite the different starting positions.
A novel integrated approach for monitoring drought stress in an aeolian desertification area using Vegetation Drought Status Index
Authors: Zhao Zhixin , Liu Qi , Huo Aidi , Cheng Yuxiang , Guan Wenke , Mohamed EL-Sayed Abuarab , Mokhtar Ali , Elbeltagi Ahmed
Published: January 2023

Drought is a costly natural disaster. The accuracy and applicability of different drought indexes in drought monitoring at different research areas are also different. Based on remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system technology, we propose a new RS-based drought index, Vegetation Drought Status Index (VDSI), for agricultural drought monitoring in both arid and humid regions using multi-sensor data. This index combines the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor and data from 81 verification points regarding the in situ soil drought status. The model was applied to drought monitoring in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. Based on the comprehensive influence of water absorption on the reflectance spectrum of vegetation and soil, the reflectance of soil in MODIS bands B6 and B7 is generally higher than that of vegetation, so the model can directly obtain the surface soil moisture index. The correlation analysis (R2 > 0.79) was valid; the change trends were the same; i.e., VDSI is a reliable referential index for agricultural drought monitoring.
Hepatoprotective Molecules from Himalayan Plants and their Role in Xenobiotic Mechanisms: A Tabulated Review
Authors: Pandit Kritika , Kaur Amritpreet , Kumar Manish , Bhardwaj Renu , Kaur Satwinderjeet
Published: January 2023

Liver is essential for the maintenance and functioning of the body. The liver is responsible for the majority of the metabolic and physiological performance of our body, as well as the detoxification of different drugs and xenobiotic agents. During the detoxification process, the reactive chemical intermediates damage the liver, resulting in liver toxicity. As a result, maintaining a healthy liver is critical to overall health. Hepatic damage is caused by several factors, including environmental pollutants, such as chemicals, consumption of certain medications, poor eating habits, excessive alcohol, and other hepatotoxins, as well as viruses. The liver is sensitive to a range of diseases, including hepatitis, hepatic steatosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer, as a consequence of its multifunctionality and constant exposure to toxins. These diseases are substantial sources of mortality and morbidity. Long-term use of the current synthetic medicines to treat liver problems causes further liver damage. Herbal medicine is the major source of basic health care for around 75–80% of the world’s population, primarily in developing countries because of its better cultural acceptability, compatibility with the human body, and fewer side effects. Medicinal plants from the Himalayas are used in the Ayurvedic, Unani, and other traditional systems of medicine and plant-based pharmaceutical industries. The Tibetan system of medicine is also based on Himalayan plant species. Herbal medicines are extensively used in the treatment of liver diseases. In the absence of adequate liver hepatoprotective medications in modern medicine, a variety of medicinal plants and their phytochemicals are used to treat hepatic ailments in the traditional system of medicine in the Himalayan regions. The Himalayas are a rich source of medicinal plants and their phytoconstituents, which play a significant role in hepatoprotection. In the current chapter, an attempt was made to collect data on the Himalayan medicinal plants and their biomolecules traditionally used to treat hepatotoxicity.
Medicinal Plants from the Himalayas Acting on Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Pathways
Authors: Mishra Priyanka , Pandey Nikhil , Tripathi Yamini B
Published: January 2023

Located between the Indian subcontinent and the Tibetan plateau, the Himalayas are home to a rich repertoire of medicinal resources. A wide range of communities from Asia and Africa prefer natural remedies, including medicinal plants, over prescription drugs. Since so many people use medicinal plants as their only source of healing, the plants are also an important source of income for the locals.. The plants found in the entire region of this snowy mountain range provide remedies ranging from bronchitis to cancer. We attempted to summarise the important medicinal plants of this region in this book chapter, specifically those that act and modulate the inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, as these are the primary culprits behind many diseases and disorders. The current chapter will list the ethnobotanicals used, their active ingredients, and reported pharmacological properties, as well as potential mechanisms of action.
Phytochemical Databases and their Relevance to Phytotherapy
Authors: Shagun Shagun , Masakapalli Shyam Kumar
Published: January 2023

Phytochemical databases are a rich source of information that supports phytotherapy research and the conservation of medicinally important plants. Collecting the knowledge of databases and their specific focus along with ways to use them efficiently will help the community. This chapter summarises the phytochemical databases available that support phytotherapy research and the conservation of medicinally important plants. Broadly, 56 databases that are classified into regionspecific, disease-specific, other common medicinal and phytochemical databases, and Himalayan-region-specific plant databases, have been summarised for ready reference in this book chapter. We also provide a typical workflow with examples to search the phytochemicals of selected Himalayan medicinal plants from existing Himalayan region-specific databases of Medicinal Plants. Finally, the need for urgently developing a comprehensive Himalayan-specific phytochemical database for phytotherapy is proposed.
Ontwikkelen, verbinden & bewegen
Authors: Jutte Paul
Published: January 2023

Ontwikkelen, verbinden en bewegen: het begint in een universiteit waar iets ontwikkeld wordt, vervolgens wordt het in verbinding gebracht met het werkveld en daar in beweging gezet. Dat leidt weer tot nieuwe vragen en de zoektocht naar ontwikkeling en zo verder. De zorg voor orthopedische patiënten is momenteel lastig in de gewone ziekenhuiszorg omdat er schaarste is aan personeel en operatieruimte. Als orthopedische patiënt hoef je niet acuut geholpen te worden, je gaat immers niet meteen dood. Maar je bent wel ernstig beperkt en je hebt veel pijn! In de regio Noord moeten we in verbinding zijn om te kunnen zorgen voor onze patiënten met een aandoening van het bewegingsapparaat, zodat ze tijdig en goed behandeld kunnen worden. We kijken naar heel de mens en stimuleren gezond gedrag, waarbij bewegen hoog op de agenda staat. Samenwerking met alle professionals, verzekeraars en patiënten is de enige weg om voor onze mensen te kunnen zorgen.
Game-based rhythmic gymnastics exercise models to develop gross motor skills for primary school students
Authors: Wahyuniati Fajar Sri , Hidayatullah M Furqon , Purnama Sapta Kunta , Siswantoyo Siswantoyo , Tomoliyus Tomoliyus
Published: January 2023

This research aims to develop game-based rhythmic gymnastics exercise models for primary school students, who have rhythmic gymnastics as a compulsory program in their curriculum. The sequential mixed method was employed to evaluate the exercise model. The data were analyzed using thematic qualitative analysis and expert’s judgement, in which the latter was designed to incorporate quantitative data. The experts in this research included 7 experts who are either academic instructors or professionals. Delphi method was used to collect the data and a Likert-scale questionnaire with a range of 1 to 4 was also employed along with Aiken's formula. This research formulated three models of rhythmic gymnastics exercise from the document analysis stage which include a jump exercise model with a seven-post circuit, pivot exercise model with a three-post circuit, and balance exercise model with a six-post circuit. Following the experts’ judgements, the models for jump, pivot, and balance games were considered to be excellent models for potential implementation in primary schools
Developing self-assessment instruments to measure students’ performance characters in making dresses using a high order thinking skills approach
Authors: Budiastuti Emy , Sugiyem Sugiyem , Puad Farah Najwa Ahmad
Published: January 2023

Self-assessment in practicum courses may develop students' characters, for example, honesty, discipline, and responsibility. Moreover, it can also improve students' initiative, critical, and creative thinking. However, assessment for practicum courses is fully conducted by lecturers without any involvement from students. This study aims to develop self-assessment instruments to assess students’ characters while performing fashion design practicums using the HOTS approach. The instruments were developed using the 4D model by Thiagarajan. The model consists of some stages, namely Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The sample was collected from 15 students taking the Haute Couture course. The participants of this study were selected using purposive sampling. The developed instruments were validated by experts and were considered “Almost Perfect”. The inter-rater reliability index is higher than 0.7, so it indicates that the instruments met the criteria required. Some experts in fashion design were involved to validate the instruments. The collected data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics. Based on the self-assessment, it was found that 14 out of 15 students were considered competent or having very good performances. The developed instruments can be used to assess students’ performance characters in practicum courses as they may measure students' competency (hard skill) and characters (soft skill). This study reveals that self-assessment of work attitudes needs to be pursued during practical learning to enhance learning motivation and develop relevant competencies.
The android-based instrument for performance assessment of football
Authors: Artanayasa I Wayan , Kusuma Ketut Chandra Adinata , Satyawan I Made , Mashuri Hendra
Published: January 2023

The android-based performance assessment instrument in football learning is the result of the development of a football learning assessment instrument that adapts to the digital era. This study aims to test the validity and practicality of an android-based performance assessment instrument in football learning. The research method used was a validation test by media and soccer material experts and a practicality test by a football course lecturer. Application testing is carried out based on predetermined criteria. After being assessed by the validator and meeting the valid criteria, this application is then tested (implemented) by the subject or user. The data collection instruments used were field notes, expert validation sheets, and questionnaires. The media feasibility test of the assessment referred to the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) standard. Data analysis was conducted to determine the applicant's eligibility and validity category based on the assessments of media experts and soccer learning evaluation experts. The results showed that the developed application was acceptable, with an average score of 3.67 from media experts and 3.83 from material experts so the total average of the expert test is 3.75 with very valid criteria. The product developed is an application of an android-based performance instrument for soccer learning that follows the assessment rubric in the PJOK curriculum and is practically used by PJOK educators as an evaluation tool for PJOK football material.
Predicting the mental health quality of adolescents with intensive exposure to metaverse and its counseling recommendations in a multicultural context
Authors: Muslihati Muslihati , Hotifah Yuliati None , Hidayat Wahyu Nur , Valdez Anabelie V , Purwanta Edi , 'Ilmi Achmad Miftachul , Saputra Nur Mega Aris
Published: January 2023

Metaverse—an incredible medium that combines features of virtual reality platforms such as online games, social media, and the Internet—is predicted to bring significant changes to human behavior. It is believed that social interaction and the quality of mental health can be at risk once Metaverse becomes more prevalent with adolescents predicted to be the most vulnerable group. This study intends to prove this prediction by examining the effect of online game addiction and social media addiction on the mental health quality of adolescents as the majority group with Metaverse access. This correlational study involved 700 students from 14 schools in the greater Malang area. Data were collected through the Metaverse Impact Instrument (MII) and analyzed partially using the T-test and simultaneously using the F-test to know the contribution of gender using an independent sample T-test. Previously, the assumptions of multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity assumption were also tested. The results indicate that online games and social media negatively affect mental health at a rate of 31.5%. These results provide empirical evidence for theoretical predictions regarding the impact of Metaverse on mental health quality in adolescents. As a follow-up, research is needed to develop educational intervention strategies, appropriate guidance, and counseling services that purpose is to: 1) integrate cultural and religious values into character education; 2) anticipate the potential risks of metaverse among adolescents.
Flexible strategic planning for the financial management of MSES-2019
Authors:   Economic Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Cañete, San Vicente de Cañete, Perú, Ríos-Ríos Segundo , Ochoa-Paredes Filiberto ,   Economic Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Cañete, San Vicente de Cañete, Perú, Vargas-Tasayco Miguel ,   Economic Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Cañete, San Vicente de Cañete, Perú, Uribe-Fernández Yrene ,   Economic Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Cañete, San Vicente de Cañete, Perú, Chaman- Bardalez Ana ,   Economic Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Cañete, San Vicente de Cañete, Perú
Published: January 2023

Strategic planning provides operational plans supporting a company to achieve its objectives, which is why it is of great importance and more when it is impossible to achieve the objectives due to a competitive environment without any defined plan, also adding products and changing needs required. Each organization, analyzing its strategic planning, seeks to improve its various areas, emphasizing financial management. Therefore, this research raises the influence of the formulation of the strategic plan in financial management in SMEs using instruments for measuring variables. The variables are consumer, supplier, client, and product of the independent variable and cash flow, indebtedness, profitability, and financing of the dependent variable in order to identify the existence of influence between both variables, in a population. 150 microentrepreneurs from the province of Cañete constitute it. The sample was drawn through a non-probabilistic test, obtaining a sample of 150 micro-entrepreneurs from the province of Cañete.
COVID-19 Testing Practices, Preventive Behaviors, and Factors Associated With Test Positivity: Population-Based Statewide Survey Study
Authors: Kanyangarara Mufaro , Daguise Virginie , Gual-Gonzalez Lídia , Litwin Alain H , Korte Jeffrey , Ross Connor , Nolan Melissa S ,   SC STRONG Project Team
Published: January 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged public health efforts globally. Timely population-based surveillance is crucial to support public health programs and policies to limit the spread of COVID-19. The South Carolina (SC) Sampling and Testing Representative Outreach for Novel Coronavirus Guidance (SC STRONG) statewide initiative was established to estimate population-level prevalence and immunity and characterize the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 using community testing and online surveys.

Objective

This paper aimed to leverage the survey data collected as part of the initiative to understand risk perceptions, testing practices, and preventive behaviors and identify risk factors for COVID-19 test positivity in SC over time.

Methods

Probability proportionate to size cluster random sampling was used to select SC residents to participate in testing for COVID-19 infection and antibodies and to complete an online survey. This paper focuses on data from the online surveys completed between November 2020 and June 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to describe risk perceptions, attitudes and behaviors, and associated changes over time. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with self-reported COVID-19 test positivity.

Results

Among the 7170 online survey respondents, 58.7% (4213/7170) self-reported ever testing for COVID-19. The most commonly cited barriers to testing were inconvenient dates, time, and location, as well as discomfort. Overall, 18.7% (790/7170) of respondents reported a history of COVID-19 test positivity. Multivariate logistic regression results indicated that individuals who were aged 50 years or older, self-identified as Black/African American, were obese, and were employed as frontline health care workers or nursing home staff were more likely to self-report COVID-19 test positivity. By contrast, there was a decreased likelihood of test positivity among respondents who were concerned about the burden of COVID-19 in their community and about being infected.

Conclusions

Strategies to remove testing barriers should be implemented to improve access. Our findings provide insights on statewide testing patterns, adoption of prevention behaviors, and risk factors for infection and may inform public health strategies to curb transmission.
COVID-19 in Vietnam and Its Impact on Road Trauma: Retrospective Study Based on National Data
Authors: Nguyen Ba Tuan , Blizzard Christopher Leigh , Palmer Andrew , Nguyen Huu Tu , Cong Quyet Thang , Tran Viet , Nelson Mark
Published: January 2023

Background

Despite significant improvement in the last decade, road trauma remains a substantial contributor to deaths in Vietnam. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated public health measures that had an unforeseen benefit on road trauma in high-income countries. We investigate if this reduction was also seen in a low- to middle-income country like Vietnam.

Objective

Our aim was to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic and the government policies implemented in response to it impacted road trauma fatalities in Vietnam. We also compared this impact to other government policies related to road trauma implemented in the preceding 14 years (2007-2020).

Methods

COVID-19 data were extracted from the Vietnamese Ministry of Health database. Road traffic deaths from 2007 to 2021 were derived from the Vietnamese General Statistical Office. We used Stata software (version 17; StataCorp) for statistical analysis. Poisson regression modeling was used to estimate trends in road fatality rates based on annual national mortality data for the 2007-2021 period. The actual change in road traffic mortality in 2021 was compared with calculated figures to demonstrate the effect of COVID-19 on road trauma fatalities. We also compared this impact to other government policies that aimed to reduce traffic-related fatalities from 2007 to 2020.

Results

Between 2007 and 2020, the number of annual road traffic deaths decreased by more than 50%, from 15.3 to 7 per 100,000 population, resulting in an average reduction of 5.4% per annum. We estimated that the road traffic mortality rate declined by 12.1% (95% CI 8.9-15.3%) in 2021 relative to this trend. The actual number of road trauma deaths fell by 16.4%. This reduction was largely seen from August to October 2021 when lockdown and social distancing measures were in force.

Conclusions

In 2021, the road traffic–related death reduction in Vietnam was 3 times greater than the trend seen in the preceding 14 years. The public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam was associated with a third of this reduction. It can thus be concluded that government policies implemented to address the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a 4.3% decrease in road traffic deaths in 2021. This has been observed in high-income countries, but we have demonstrated this for the first time in a low- and middle-income country.
Development of a Corpus Annotated With Mentions of Pain in Mental Health Records: Natural Language Processing Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Chaturvedi Jaya , Chance Natalia , Mirza Luwaiza , Vernugopan Veshalee , Velupillai Sumithra , Stewart Robert , Roberts Angus
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Pain is a widespread issue, with 20% of adults (1 in 5) experiencing it globally. A strong association has been demonstrated between pain and mental health conditions, and this association is known to exacerbate disability and impairment. Pain is also known to be strongly related to emotions, which can lead to damaging consequences. As pain is a common reason for people to access health care facilities, electronic health records (EHRs) are a potential source of information on this pain. Mental health EHRs could be particularly beneficial since they can show the overlap of pain with mental health. Most mental health EHRs contain the majority of their information within the free-text sections of the records. However, it is challenging to extract information from free text. Natural language processing (NLP) methods are therefore required to extract this information from the text.

OBJECTIVE

This research describes the development of a corpus of manually labeled mentions of pain and pain-related entities from the documents of a mental health EHR database, for use in the development and evaluation of future NLP methods.

METHODS

The EHR database used, Clinical Record Interactive Search, consists of anonymized patient records from The South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust in the United Kingdom. The corpus was developed through a process of manual annotation where pain mentions were marked as relevant (ie, referring to physical pain afflicting the patient), negated (ie, indicating absence of pain), or not relevant (ie, referring to pain affecting someone other than the patient, or metaphorical and hypothetical mentions). Relevant mentions were also annotated with additional attributes such as anatomical location affected by pain, pain character, and pain management measures, if mentioned.

RESULTS

A total of 5644 annotations were collected from 1985 documents (723 patients). Over 70% (n=4028) of the mentions found within the documents were annotated as relevant, and about half of these mentions also included the anatomical location affected by the pain. The most common pain character was chronic pain, and the most commonly mentioned anatomical location was the chest. Most annotations (n=1857, 33%) were from patients who had a primary diagnosis of mood disorders (International Classification of Diseases—10th edition, chapter F30-39).

CONCLUSIONS

This research has helped better understand how pain is mentioned within the context of mental health EHRs and provided insight into the kind of information that is typically mentioned around pain in such a data source. In future work, the extracted information will be used to develop and evaluate a machine learning–based NLP application to automatically extract relevant pain information from EHR databases.
CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PARALLELS IN DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF EXUDATIVE LESIONS OF REINKE’S SPACE
Authors:   Branch No. 3, Federal State Budgetary Institution “3, National Medical Research Center for High Medical Technologies named after V.I. A.A. Vishnevsky” of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Kovalev Mikhail A. , Davydova Evgeniya V. ,   South Ural State Medical University, Zurochka Alexander V. ,   Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The prevalence of exudative lesions of Reinke’s space (EPPR) is high and is of particular medical and social significance. Despite the similarity of clinical manifestations and a certain commonality of pathogenesis, there are morphological differences between various forms of EPPR. Purpose. to study the clinical and morphological features of various forms of EPPR. Materials and methods. The sampling of material for the study was carried out intraoperatively in 56 patients aged 28–56 years with a diagnosis of J38.1 Polyp of the vocal fold and larynx. Conducted indirect laryngoscopy and questioning. Tumor excision was performed using an Olympus TYPE 150 fiber bronchoscope (Germany). The material was fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin. Prepared standard sections, stained with hematoxylin-eosin. For microscopy, a DMRXA microscope (Leika, Germany) was used. Results. All patients presented the same type of complaints of dysphonia, sensation of a foreign body in the throat, cough, regardless of gender and professional affiliation. According to the results of a morphological study, 22 patients were diagnosed with vocal fold polyps, 18 patients with vocal nodules, and 16 patients with Reinke’s edema. Reinke’s edema and myxoid type of polyps had similar morphological features: pronounced edema of the stroma and small cystic infiltration with cavities filled with gelatinous fluid, the predominance of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the tissues. Vocal nodules and polyps of the angiomatous type were characterized by a high specific density of the vascular component, more pronounced circulatory disorders, and tissue infiltration with fibroblasts. Discussion. Despite the similar clinical manifestations and the commonality of the mechanisms of the formation of EPPR, which consist in increased permeability and fragility of the capillary bed against the background of chronic intoxication and phonotrauma, combined with difficulty in outflow of lymph due to the anatomical features of the lymphatic drainage system of the larynx region, there are morphological features that allow you to clearly differentiate various forms EPPR. Conclusions: the identified morphological features of various forms of EPPR allow us to combine Reinke’s edema and myxoid polyps into one clinical and morphological subgroup, and vocal nodules and angiomatous type of polyps into another.
FEATURES OF TIM-3, CD9, CD49a MOLECULE EXPRESSIONS BY PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES DURING PHYSIOLOGICAL PREGNANCY
Authors:   Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, UB RAS – branch of Perm Federal Research Center UB RAS, Orlova Ekaterina G. , Loginova Olga A. ,   Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, UB RAS – branch of Perm Federal Research Center UB RAS, Gorbunova Olga L. ,   Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, UB RAS – branch of Perm Federal Research Center UB RAS, Karimova Nina V. ,   LLC “Centralized Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory”, Shirshev Sergey V. ,   Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, UB RAS – branch of Perm Federal Research Center UB RAS
Published: January 2023

Physiological pregnancy is characterized by significant changes in the phenotype and functions of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Thus, the number of lymphocytes migrating from peripheral blood in the uterus and expressing Tim-3, CD49a, CD9 molecules which limit their cytotoxicity and participate in their migration, is significantly increased in the first half of pregnancy. However, the expression of these molecules on peripheral blood lymphocytes during physiological pregnancy has not been studied. The aim of the work was to study the expression of Tim-3, CD49a, CD9 molecules in the total pool of lymphocytes and on CD3⁺T-lymphocytes of peripheral blood of women in the I and III trimesters of physiological pregnancy. The object of the study was the peripheral blood of healthy women with physiological pregnancy in the I and III trimesters. The comparison group is healthy non-pregnant women in the first phase of the menstrual cycle. The expression of Tim3, CD49a, and CD9 molecules was analyzed in a pool of lymphocytes and on CD3⁺T-lymphocytes of peripheral blood by flow cytometry. It was found that in the first trimester, the expression of Tim-3 and CD49a in the total pool of lymphocytes was higher, and CD9 did not change compared to non-pregnant women. In the third trimester, the expression of Tim-3 and CD49a in the total pool of lymphocytes did not change, and CD9 was lower than in non-pregnant women. The expression of Tim-3 did not change on CD3⁺-T lymphocytes in both I and III trimesters, and CD49a and CD9 were lower compared to non-pregnant women. Thus, the expression of Tim-3, CD49a, and CD9 molecules varied during the trimesters of pregnancy both in the total pool of lymphocytes and CD3⁺-T lymphocytes of peripheral blood, which is significant for the regulation of their cytotoxic function and migration activity.
SOME METHODOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING PROLIFERATIVE PROCESSES IN TISSUE CELLS UNDER EXTREME IMPACTS ON THE ORGANISM
Authors:   Ural State Medical University, Sazonov Sergey V.
Published: January 2023

When studying regeneration, it is often difficult to give an unambiguous answer to the question of whether the regenerative capacity in mammals decreases or increases under extreme effects on the body, especially when it comes to initially low values of the studied parameters. The assessment of regenerative processes implies the solution of several fundamental questions before conducting research. Ignoring them can lead to methodological miscalculations both in the planning of studies and directly when the results are obtained, and even more so in their subsequent analysis. Materials and methods. The assessment of regenerative processes at the cellular level was carried out using the morphometric method, DNA flow cytometry, autoradiography, calculation of the statmokinetic index, and immunohistochemical determination of Ki67 expression. An experimental model of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy and resection of the small intestine was used. Results. It has been shown that the tissues entering the organ can regenerate in different ways and at different rates, which, apparently, determines the features and outcome of the regenerative process at the organ level. The identification of the main groups of tissues for the study of regeneration is simultaneously associated with the solution of the question not only of the level of the course of regenerative processes, but also of the necessary methodological techniques for their assessment. So, if the tissue planned for study has only the cellular level of regeneration, there is no need to study them at the intracellular level, and the study of regeneration in this case is limited to assessing the manifestations of mitotic activity in its cells. Methods for studying cell proliferation and requirements for their use are defined.
BIOMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY IN CHILDREN OF 3–6 YEARS OLD WITHOUT MOVEMENT DISORDERS
Authors:   FSBI NIMRC TO of the RF Ministry of Health, Kurgan, Dolganova Tamara I. , Smolkova Lidia V. ,   FSBI NIMRC TO of the RF Ministry of Health, Kurgan, Dolganov Dmitry V. ,   FSBI NIMRC TO of the RF Ministry of Health, Kurgan
Published: January 2023

Purpose of the study — to form normative guidelines for the values of kinetic and kinematic parameters of gait in children aged 3–6 years without motor disorders. Materials and methods. Using video analysis to determine the normative range of the values of locomotor characteristics, the gait profile (Gait profile Score — GPS) was assessed in children aged 3–6 years (n=16) without movement disorders in the laboratory of biomechanics of the Ilizarov Centre. Kinematic parameters were recorded with Qualisys 7+ optical cameras (n=8), kinetic parameters were recorded using Kistler dynamometric platforms (n=6). The examination consisted of two tests: 1 — independent walking with the usual speed of movement on a 7-m track; 2 — carried out on the background of comfortable for the child accompaniment by an adult for 1 hand. Analysis of results was carried out by automated calculations of kinematics and kinetics values using descriptive statistics. The assessment of the normality of the distribution of the studied parameters was performed according to 12 univariate criteria. Results. It has been established that the main characteristics of locomotor activity in age-homogeneous groups of children aged 3–6 years obey the normal distribution function and, therefore, the normative range of functioning values can be determined by the rule of sigma deviations. The article presents selective values of kinematic and kinetic parameters of gait in children aged 3–6 years without movement disorders recommended as normative guidelines. Conclusions. For children 3–4 years old, examination conditions are acceptable both independently and with support by the hand. For children aged 5–6 years, the examination should include only independent walking, walking with support by the hand distorts the structure of the locomotor stereotype of the accompanying person, and therefore such a gait should be regarded as unnatural
THE ROLE OF THE REGIONAL CENTER FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE OF THE SVERDLOVSK REGION IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES TO CREATE A NEW MODEL OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE PROVISION OF MEDICAL CARE
Authors:   Ural Institute of Public Health Management named after A.B. Blokhin, Zherebtsova Tatyana A. , Leontiev Sergey L. ,   Ural Institute of Public Health Management named after A.B. Blokhin, Mikhailova Diana O. ,   Ural Institute of Public Health Management named after A.B. Blokhin, Anufrieva Elena V. ,   Ural Institute of Public Health Management named after A.B. Blokhin
Published: January 2023

Regional centers for the organization of primary health care play an important role in the implementation of measures to create a New model for organizing the provision of medical care at the subject level. The purpose of the work: to analyze the experience of organizing the work of the Regional Center for the Organization of Primary Health Care in the Sverdlovsk Region for the period 2018–2021. Materials and methods. The work uses systematic and integrated approaches, analytical, statistical methods. Results. Based on the results of the assessment, it was found that the Regional Center for the Organization of Primary Health Care forms a general strategy for the implementation of lean technologies in healthcare in the region, coordinates, and involves the heads and staff of medical organizations in the processes of lean management of a medical organization, including through training in lean production methods. Based on the analysis of activities, an algorithm for organizing the work of the Regional Center for the Organization of Primary Health Care is presented. Also, a high level of implementation of the New Model of Organization of Medical Care for 5 years was determined. Conclusion. The creation of the Regional Center for the Organization of Primary Health Care on the basis of an organization carrying out educational and scientific activities provides great opportunities for training employees of medical organizations, and allows the successful implementation of the New Model of Organization of Medical Care.
The Crane’s Curse (Kharal) in Kalmyk Poetry, 20th – Early 21st Centuries: Analyzing the Motif
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Khaninova Rimma
Published: January 2023

Introduction. In 20th/21st-century Kalmyk poetry, the crane theme — like any other involving bird images — serves to symbolically address the fauna of the steppe region, native land, and ancestral home. Goals. The article aims to analyze Kalmyk poetic texts for the motif of the crane’s curse and/or revenge caused by the death of chicks, that of the spouse, and related grief, sadness, and loneliness of the bird. Both the motif and the crane theme in Kalmyk lyrics at large have never been subject to research. Methods. The work employs the historical/literary, comparative, and descriptive methods. Results. The paper begins with insights into oral folklore traditions of Kalmyks, Mongolians and Buryats for the crane theme, associated customs, rituals and superstitions, which makes it possible to identify key crane-based plots and images for further comparative analyses into Kalmyk poems authored by representatives of different generations, and corresponding Russian translations. The study of the previously unknown Kalmyk legend of the crane’s curse recorded by N. Khatuev from his father and preserved in the poem, firstly, introduces this plot into scientific circulation; secondly, clarifies the motif of the crane’s curse, death, loneliness, revenge or defenselessness of birds from evil in Kalmyk lyrics; thirdly, adds new nuances to descriptions of historical events (Great Patriotic War, Kalmyk Deportation) ― cranes to stand for souls of deceased persons. Conclusions. The poems by N. Khatuev, A. Suseev, B. Dordzhiev, M. Khoninov, T. Bembeev, and E. Eldyshev, on the one hand, continue the folklore tradition in 20th/21st-century Kalmyk poetry, while, on the other hand, show transformations and innovations in the crane theme. The adherence to ethnic versification patterns in examined works also conveys certain peculiarities of the authors’ individual styles. Russian translations of the original Kalmyk poetic texts are not that precise to articulate the declared motifs, being different enough both in form and content. Investigation of the crane theme in modern Kalmyk poetry can be continued through the involvement of other motifs, including in the folklore aspect.
The Train of Memory: Examining the Motif in Contemporary Kalmyk Poetry
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Khaninova Rimma , Valetova Elsa ,   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The article discusses the motif of memory trains in contemporary Kalmyk poetry. The study proves relevant and needed enough since the theme of Kalmyk Deportation (1943–1956) and subsequent exile in works of Kalmyk poets — in particular, the motif of the Train of Memory to Siberia from the early 1990s and 2000s — remains understudied. The paper focuses on individual and historical memories in contemporary Kalmyk lyrics. Goals. The article aims to identify the declared motif in the genre paradigm. The analyzed poems include as follows: The Train of Memory Was Moving (Kalm. Санлын поезд йовла) by Lidzhi Indzhiev, The Train of Memory (Kalm. Санлын поезд) by Timofey Bembeev, The Third Train of Memory (Kalm. 3-гч Санлын поезд) by Ivan Ubushaev, and The Train of Memory (Kalm. Санлын поезд) by Erdni Eldyshev. Methods. The study employs the historical/literary, historical/functional, descriptive, and comparative research methods. Conclusions. The motif has been addressed in poems and songs by poets of different generations. The poetic texts authored by representatives of earlier generations are primarily characterized by autobiographical elements included. The routes of the four Trains are associated with Siberia, all of them being united by categories of the past and present, themes of collective or individual memory, and title poetics.
Archaeological Sites of Elista Surveyed by S. Arapov in 1992: Revisiting Their Current State
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Matvenov Evgeny , Kekeev Erdni ,   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The earliest surveys of kurgans in the vicinity of Elista were conducted in 1929 . To date, this area of Kalmykia — southern part of the Ergeni Upland — remains a most underexplored one. Only burial sites from the Bronze, Iron and Middle Ages have been investigated here. However, there is still no consolidated list of existing archaeological sites located in the city district of Elista. Meanwhile, as the administrative center of the Republic, the city is continuously growing, residential areas and economic facilities are being rebuilt, once remote outskirts of the city are being actively developed. All these factors threaten the archaeological sites. Goals. The article aims to introduce the results of S. Arapov’s surveys and an updated description of kurgans identified in 1992 into scientific circulation. Results. Our insight into the 1992 field report of S. Arapov shows the document describes a total of 22 monuments (single mounds and kurgan groups) comprising 87 kurgans. These can be divided into four groups, namely: kurgans on a ridge south of the city, ones on northwestern city outskirts, ones in northeastern parts, and those on a ridge west of the airport. The 2022 efforts have localized 52 of the 87 mounds identified by S. Arapov in 1992, the remaining 35 mounds never to have been rediscovered. The main reason for this state of affairs is the lack of systematic work, some of the monuments had stayed unprotected by law only to be damaged or destroyed during construction and agricultural activities. To date, it is urgent to intensify work for the identification and preservation of archaeological sites in the vicinity of Elista. It is necessary to register archaeological monuments and list them as cultural heritage sites, this being the only way to protect them from potential destruction in the future.
One of the Many by Viktoriya Tokareva: Analyzing Characteristics of the Chronotope
Authors:   Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University, Poga Daria
Published: January 2023

Goals. The article aims to examine some specific features of the chronotope in One of the Many by V. Tokareva — a vivid representative of the women’s prose — for the author’s viewpoint confirming that the new millennium’s society must retain supreme moral values, and placing hopes on the young generation characterized as purposeful and talented. Results. Features of the spatial-and-temporal structure are inextricably linked with the exposition of individual features inherent to the main character — a village girl who is taking her first faltering steps under close attention of a contemporary female writer. V. Tokareva learns experiences of her literary predecessors — A. Chekhov, V. Veresaev, and E. Hemingway — and addresses traditional images and plots to transform them with due regard of the new era’s trends, while the spatial landmarks and images of time are integral to the artistic world and philosophical agenda characterizing the contemporary representative of women’s prose — only to reach further ideological and semantic levels in her work.
Juketau-Group Ceramics from the Bulgarian Hillfort of Juketau (Chistopol , Republic of Tatarstan): Summarizing Research Results
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Bakhmatova Vera , Nabiullin Nail ,   Khalikov Institute of Archaeology, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2023

Goals. The article aims to summarize some results of the research into Juketau-group ceramics from the medieval hillfort of Juketau (10th – 13th centuries CE). Results. Archaeological remains of the historically famous Bulgar-Tatar city of Juketau (‘Zhukotin’ according to Russian 10th – 14th century chronicles) are located on the left bank of the Kama River, on the western border of present-day Chistopol (Tatarstan). In the ceramic complex of the settlement, the share of dishes clustering with Juketau-group ceramics constitutes 65–70%. Morphological and technological analyses of this ceramic group have identified a number of distinct pottery production features, namely: the bulk of items examined are samples of handicraft pottery, though with certain archaic elements (round bottoms and individual forms of the ‘lip’ as a functional part of vessels, patching techniques, high concentration of tempers, use of ovens or bonfire devices for pottery firing). The skills of working with a potter’s wheel and a pottery kiln are characteristic of Juketau-group ceramic handicraft production. Conclusions. The study suggests the city of Juketau was a center of highly developed pottery production in the medieval state of Volga Bulgaria.
Journey to the other side of the brain: asymmetry in patients with chronic mild or moderate traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ross David E , Seabaugh John D , Seabaugh Jan M , Alvarez Claudia , Ellis Laura Peyton , Powell Christopher , Reese Christopher , Cooper Leah , Shepherd Katherine , Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative for the
Published: January 2023

Aim: Patients with chronic mild or moderate traumatic brain injury have some regions of brain atrophy (including cerebral white matter) but even more regions of abnormal brain enlargement (including other cerebral regions). Hypothesis: Ipsilateral injury and atrophy cause the eventual development of contralateral compensatory hypertrophy. Materials & methods: 50 patients with mild or moderate traumatic brain injury were compared to 80 normal controls (n = 80) with respect to MRI brain volume asymmetry. Asymmetry-based correlations were used to test the primary hypothesis. Results: The group of patients had multiple regions of abnormal asymmetry. Conclusion: The correlational analyses supported the conclusion that acute injury to ipsilateral cerebral white matter regions caused atrophy, leading eventually to abnormal enlargement of contralateral regions due to compensatory hypertrophy.