bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth of HIV-Exposed Infants in Southwest China: A Comparative Study
Authors: Chen Ji-Chang , Zhang Yu , Rongkavilit Chokechai , Wang Bo , Huang Xue-Mei , Nong Zheng , Liu Jing , Zeng Dingyuan , McGrath Eric
Published: June 2019

Objectives. Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission has been globally successful leading to a decline in HIV-infected infants. Thus, the number of HIV-exposed, but uninfected, infants is increasing. As growth is an important indicator of child health, this study aimed to evaluate growth parameters of HIV-exposed Chinese infants. Methods. A prospective study was conducted among HIV-exposed (HIV-infected and uninfected) infants born during 2007 to 2015 in Liuzhou, China. Their weight and length were assessed longitudinally from birth to 18 months of age and compared with HIV-unexposed, uninfected (HUU) infants from the same region. Results. There were 467 HIV-exposed infants. Four percent of infants were HIV-infected. The mean weight-for-age (WAZ) and length-for-age (LAZ) z scores of HIV-infected infants were significantly lower than those of HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) infants during 9 to 18 months and 12 to 18 months of age, respectively. Additionally, the mean WAZ and LAZ scores of HIV-infected infants were significantly lower than HUU infants during the first 12 months and 18 months of life, respectively. The mean WAZ and LAZ scores of HEU infants were significantly lower than HUU infants during the first 12 months and 6 months of life, respectively. HEU infants also had a lower mean weight-for-length z score than HUU infants during the first 6 months. Conclusion. We demonstrated poor growth among HIV-exposed Chinese infants, including HIV-uninfected, compared with HUU infants. The results emphasize the need for nutritional monitoring and interventions for HIV-exposed infants regardless of HIV infection status. Research is needed on long-term growth trajectories and factors affecting growth of HIV-exposed infants in China.
Paul Klee’s illness—a series of historical and clinical vignettes, part II
Authors: Silver Richard M
Published: June 2019

Viewing and analyzing fine art from a medical perspective increases our appreciation of the artist’s suffering and teaches an important lesson of the human aspects of medicine. Paul Klee (1879–1940), one of the most influential artists of the 20th century, died at the age of 60 from complications of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). In this second, in a series of clinical vignettes, I discuss the musculoskeletal manifestations of systemic sclerosis and how they may have influenced the life and art of Paul Klee.
Theory-Based Design of an Entrepreneurship Microcredentialing and Modularization System Within a Large University Ecosystem
Authors: Gedeon Steven A.
Published: June 2019

The theoretical design framework and implementation of the Entrepreneurship Microcredentialing and Modularization System at Ryerson University in Toronto, Canada, is described, one of the largest programs in the world with 75 different entrepreneurship courses, 10 on-campus incubators, several masters degrees, undergraduate degrees, majors, minors, and cocurricular levels of credentialing. Over 6,500 students per year receive an entrepreneurship course credit and over 2,000 of these accumulate microcredentials to achieve this course credit.

To reduce the likelihood that students merely accumulate random modules and microcredentials, it is critical to use an integrating framework so that these modules build toward a greater integrated whole (i.e., a curriculum). This article describes how a Microcredentialing and Modularization System is currently used in six courses which build toward different credentials and program learning outcome measurements for accreditation purposes. University resources and integrating mechanisms are described as well as lessons learned during implementation. The primary theoretical contribution of this article is to extend the theoretical framework used for accredited program-level design for small cohorts of entrepreneurship students into a university-level ecosystem design. The primary practical contribution of this article is a detailed case study description of one of the world’s largest and most comprehensive university entrepreneurship ecosystems.
Major Knowledge Diffusion Paths of Megaproject Management: A Citation-Based Analysis
Authors: Wu Hengqin , Xue Xiaolong , Zhao Zebin , Wang Zeyu , Shen Geoffrey Qiping , Luo Xiaowei
Published: June 2019

This article integrates social network analysis and main path analysis to investigate progress in megaproject management (MPM) from the perspective of knowledge diffusion. After measuring three major knowledge diffusion paths of MPM, the authors find that MPM is mainly driven by a set of problems and puzzles. The findings provide an exciting opportunity to advance existing understanding of MPM from an alternative angle of knowledge diffusion that considers the underlying associations among publications. Moreover, this article employs quantitative methods to examine citation data of publications, thus providing more unbiased and in-depth analysis to illustrate the development of MPM.
Role of Hepatic Glucocorticoid Receptor in Metabolism in Models of 5αR1 Deficiency in Male Mice
Authors: Mak Tracy C S , Livingstone Dawn E W , Nixon Mark , Walker Brian R , Andrew Ruth
Published: June 2019

Inhibition of 5α-reductases impairs androgen and glucocorticoid metabolism and induces insulin resistance in humans and rodents. The contribution of hepatic glucocorticoids to these adverse metabolic changes was assessed using a liver-selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist, A-348441. Mice lacking 5α-reductase 1 (5αR1-KO) and their littermate controls were studied during consumption of a high-fat diet, with or without A-348441(120 mg/kg/d). Male C57BL/6 mice (age, 12 weeks) receiving dutasteride (1.8 mg/kg/d)) or vehicle with consumption of a high-fat diet, with or without A-348441, were also studied. In the 5αR1-KO mice, hepatic GR antagonism improved diet-induced insulin resistance but not more than that of the controls. Liver steatosis was not affected by hepatic GR antagonism in either 5αR1KO mice or littermate controls. In a second model of 5α-reductase inhibition using dutasteride and hepatic GR antagonism with A-348441 attenuated the excess weight gain resulting from dutasteride (mean ± SEM, 7.03 ± 0.5 vs 2.13 ± 0.4 g; dutasteride vs dutasteride plus A-348441; P < 0.05) and normalized the associated hyperinsulinemia after glucose challenge (area under the curve, 235.9 ± 17 vs 329.3 ± 16 vs 198.4 ± 25 ng/mL/min; high fat vs high fat plus dutasteride vs high fat plus dutasteride plus A-348441, respectively; P < 0.05). However, A-348441 again did not reverse dutasteride-induced liver steatosis. Thus, overall hepatic GR antagonism improved the insulin resistance but not the steatosis induced by a high-fat diet. Moreover, it attenuated the excessive insulin resistance caused by pharmacological inhibition of 5α-reductases but not genetic disruption of 5αR1. The use of dutasteride might increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and reduced exposure to glucocorticoids might be beneficial.
Differential Effects of Oral Boluses of Vitamin D2 vs Vitamin D3 on Vitamin D Metabolism: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Martineau Adrian R , Thummel Kenneth E , Wang Zhican , Jolliffe David A , Boucher Barbara J , Griffin Simon J , Forouhi Nita G , Hitman Graham A
Published: June 2019

Context

Vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 have been hypothesized to exert differential effects on vitamin D metabolism.

Objective

To compare the influence of administering vitamin D2 vs vitamin D3 on metabolism of vitamin D3.

Methods

We measured baseline and 4-month serum concentrations of vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24R,25(OH)2D3], 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3], and 4β,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [4β,25(OH)2D3] in 52 adults randomized to receive a total of four oral bolus doses of 2.5 mg vitamin D2 (n = 28) or vitamin D3 (n = 24) over four months. Metabolite-to-parent compound ratios were calculated to estimate hydroxylase activity. Pairwise before vs after comparisons were made to evaluate effects of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 on metabolism of vitamin D. Mean postsupplementation metabolite-to-parent ratios were then compared between groups.

Results

Vitamin D2 was less effective than vitamin D3 in elevating total serum 25(OH)D concentration. Vitamin D2 suppressed mean four-month serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3, 24R,25(OH)2D3, 1α,25(OH)2D3, and 4β,25(OH)2D3 and mean ratios of 25(OH)D3 to D3 and 1α,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3, while increasing the mean ratio of 24R,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3. Vitamin D3 increased mean four-month serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3, 24R,25(OH)2D3, 1α,25(OH)2D3, and 4β,25(OH)2D3 and the mean ratio of 24R,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3. Participants receiving vitamin D2 had lower mean postsupplementation ratios of 25(OH)D3 to vitamin D3 and 1α,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3 than those receiving vitamin D3. Mean postsupplementation ratios of 24R,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3 and 4β,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3 did not differ between groups.

Conclusions

Bolus-dose vitamin D2 is less effective than bolus-dose vitamin D3 in elevating total serum 25(OH)D concentration. Administration of vitamin D2 reduces 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D3 and 1-α hydroxylation of 25(OH)D3, while increasing 24R-hydroxylation of 25(OH)D3.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Presentation, and Treatment With Emphasis on Adolescent Girls
Authors: Witchel Selma Feldman , Oberfield Sharon E , Peña Alexia S
Published: June 2019

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation. Depending on diagnostic criteria, 6% to 20% of reproductive aged women are affected. Symptoms of PCOS arise during the early pubertal years. Both normal female pubertal development and PCOS are characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, anovulation, and acne. Owing to the complicated interwoven pathophysiology, discerning the inciting causes is challenging. Most available clinical data communicate findings and outcomes in adult women. Whereas the Rotterdam criteria are accepted for adult women, different diagnostic criteria for PCOS in adolescent girls have been delineated. Diagnostic features for adolescent girls are menstrual irregularity, clinical hyperandrogenism, and/or hyperandrogenemia. Pelvic ultrasound findings are not needed for the diagnosis of PCOS in adolescent girls. Even before definitive diagnosis of PCOS, adolescents with clinical signs of androgen excess and oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea, features of PCOS, can be regarded as being “at risk for PCOS.” Management of both those at risk for PCOS and those with a confirmed PCOS diagnosis includes education, healthy lifestyle interventions, and therapeutic interventions targeting their symptoms. Interventions can include metformin, combined oral contraceptive pills, spironolactone, and local treatments for hirsutism and acne. In addition to ascertaining for associated comorbidities, management should also include regular follow-up visits and planned transition to adult care providers. Comprehensive knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of PCOS will enable earlier identification of girls with high propensity to develop PCOS. Timely implementation of individualized therapeutic interventions will improve overall management of PCOS during adolescence, prevent associated comorbidities, and improve quality of life.
What Is Critique?
Authors: Russian Elisa
Published: June 2019

In this interview the Franco-Israeli sociologist Eva Illouz retraces her relationship to critical theory from the 1980s to the present. The conversation explores the reasons behind Illouz’s initial reluctance to adopt a critical stance toward capitalism, her rediscovery of Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno’s Dialectic of Enlightenment in the early 2000s, and her recent call for a postnormative critique.
HAND2-mediated epithelial maintenance and integrity in cardiac outflow tract morphogenesis
Authors: Xia Meng , Luo Wen , Jin Hengwei , Yang Zhongzhou
Published: June 2019

During embryogenesis, epithelial organization is the prerequisite for organogenesis, in particular, for establishing the tubular structure. Recent studies provided hints about epithelial formation in early heart development, which has not been systemically explored. Here, we revealed a gradient of HAND2 protein in the cardiac progenitors in the anterior dorsal pericardial wall (aDPW) and adjacent transition zone (TZ) in the outflow tract (OFT). Deletion of Hand2 caused cell arrest and accumulation in the TZ leading to defective morphogenesis. While apicobasal cell polarity was unaffected, the key epithelial elements of adherens junction and cell-matrix adhesion were disrupted in the TZ of Hand2 mutant mice, indicating poorly formed epithelium. RNA-seq analysis revealed altered regulation of the contractile fiber and actin cytoskeleton, which affected cardiomyocyte differentiation. Furthermore, we have identified Stars as being transcriptionally controlled by HAND2. STARS facilitates actin polymerization that is essential for anchoring the adhesive molecules to create cell adhesion. Thus, we have uncovered a new function of HAND2 in mediating epithelial maintenance and integrity in OFT morphogenesis. Meanwhile, this study provides insights to understanding cardiac progenitor contribution to OFT development.
Vitamin B1 Sensor at Neutral pH and Improvement by Cucurbit[7]uril
Authors: Prakash Ramesh , Usha Govindaraj , Karpagalakshmi Karuppasamy , Ramalakshmi Sundaram , Piramuthu Lakshminarayanan , Yang Cheng , Selvapalam Narayanan
Published: June 2019

Thiamine deficiency is an important issue for many diseases and thus a facile method of detection is clinically important to improve the health of humans. For that purpose, we have developed a new thiamine sensor using starch stabilized copper nanoparticles (CSNP) at neutral pH and also improved the sensitivity of the sensor using cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) through host-guest chemistry. Often thiamine is not detected directly, but through the oxidation of thiamine to thiochrome (TC); TC is a fluorescent emitting molecule, through which thiamine has been measured indirectly. Here, we have demonstrated a new approach for a thiamine sensor, based on the formation of TC by the addition of hydrogen peroxide and CSNP. Unlike the other reported thiamine sensors, our method works advantageously at physiological pH conditions (pH 7, 27 °C). Furthermore, addition of CB[7] to TC, increased the sensitivity of the sensor approximately one order magnitude, through encapsulation; which can be reversed upon addition of a stronger competitive guest such as adamantylamine to confirm the encapsulation of TC. Thus, this new thiamine sensor not only performed well under physiological pH conditions, but also improved the fluorescence of TC, when encapsulated by CB[7].
Factors that influence family and parental preferences and decision making for unscheduled paediatric healthcare: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Nicholson Emma , McDonnell Therese , Hamza Moayed , Barrett Michael , Brunsdon Christopher , Bury Gerard , Charlton Martin , Collins Claire , Deasy Conor , De Brun Aoife , Fitzsimons John , Galligan Marie , Hensey Conor , Kiernan Fiona , McAuliffe Eilish
Published: June 2019

There is a plethora of factors that dictate where parents and families choose to seek unscheduled healthcare for their child; and the complexity of these decisions can present a challenge for policy makers and healthcare planners as these behaviours can have a significant impact on resources in the health system. The systematic review will seek to identify the factors that influence parents’ and families’ preferences and decision making when seeking unscheduled paediatric healthcare.  Five databases will be searched for published studies (CINAHL, PubMed, SCOPUS, PsycInfo, EconLit) and grey literature will also be searched. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be applied and articles assessed for quality. A narrative approach will be used to synthesise the evidence that emerges from the review. By collating the factors that influence decision-making and attendance at these services, the review can inform future health policies and strategies seeking to expand primary care to support the provision of accessible and responsive care. The systematic review will also inform the design of a discrete choice experiment (DCE) which will seek to determine parental and family preferences for unscheduled paediatric healthcare. Policies such as Sláintecare that seek to expand primary care and reduce hospital admissions from emergency departments need to be cognisant of the nuanced and complex factors that govern patients’ behaviour.
Worshipping Viṣṇu’s Twelve Manifestations: A Glimpse into Early Medieval Vaiṣṇava Lay Practice
Authors: Marion Rastelli
Published: June 2019

The paper traces the history of religious practices devoted to a particular set of the twelve manifestations of Viṣṇu. These practices are mostly monthly observances (vrata), which were widely known and implemented as evident from their description in various textual sources such as the Baudhāyana Sūtras, Varāhamihira’s Bṛhatsaṃhitā, the Ṛgvidhāna, the Viṣṇudharma, and appendix passages of the Mahābhārata. They were highly influential even beyond the sectarian borders of Vaiṣṇavism, since they served as a model for the composition of a full calendrical scheme in the Niśvāsamukha, which belongs to the earliest extant Śaiva tantra, the Niśvāsatattvasaṃhitā.
„Jesteśmy wspólnikami”: Korespondencja João Guimarãesa Rosy z tłumaczami
Authors: Elbanowski Adam
Published: June 2019

“Yes, We Are Partners”: Correspondence of João Guimarães Rosa with his Translators
In the article I present the correspondence of João Guimarães Rosa with his German, Spanish, Italian, French and American translators. The case of this most outstanding Brazilian novelist of the 20th century is special, because he was a polyglot and he actively participated in the process of translating his works. The main theme of the letters is the translation of his masterpiece, the writer’s only novel – Grande Sertão: veredas (The Devil to Pay in the Backlands). This correspondence provides an insight into the poetics of the Brazilian writer and his theory of translation, shows specific relations connecting him with his translators, and also reveals various translation strategies used by Guimarães Rosa’s translators.
Leveraging Minority Identities at Work: An Individual-Level Framework of the Identity Mobilization Process
Authors: Cha Sandra E. , Roberts Laura Morgan
Published: June 2019

Research on the business case for diversity suggests that organizations may gain important advantages by employing individuals from minority identity groups—those that are historically underrepresented and lower status—such as distinctive perspectives and greater access to minority customers and constituents. Organizations’ ability to capitalize on the promises of diversity ultimately depends on minority employees’ willingness and ability to draw on their distinctive strengths at work. However, little research has explored how employees perceive and act on potential advantages associated with their minority identity at work. Addressing this gap, we draw on in-depth interviews with 47 racial minority (31 Asian American and 16 African American) journalists to develop a conceptual framework of the process of identity mobilization—the steps through which individuals can deliberately draw on or leverage their minority cultural identity as a source of advantage at work and how this process is sustained or disrupted over time. The framework includes four different pathways through which individuals can leverage their minority identity to facilitate progress toward work-related goals and four identity mobilization tensions that can disrupt the identity mobilization process. Our research has significant implications for theory and practice related to diversity, identity, and positive organizational scholarship.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1272 .
Do nada de L'Imaginaire ao nada de Drôle de Guerre: o inverso da fenomenologia
Authors: Fujiwara Gustavo
Published: June 2019

Este artigo pretende restituir o itinerário ou a “pré-história” do conceito de Nada na filosofia de Sartre; para tanto, utilizaremos aqui L’Imaginaire (1940) e Carnets de la Drôle de Guerre (1938/1940). A partir dessas duas obras, seremos capazes de realizar, digamos assim, uma taxonomia do nada: ver-se-á que este conceito irrompe, primeiramente, como possibilidade que possui a consciência imaginante de operar um recuo nadificador em relação à totalidade do real (n’outras palavras, possibilidade de postular um estado irreal de coisas); depois, nos Carnets (sobretudo os últimos), o nada será identificado ao próprio ser da consciência perceptiva para, finalmente na obra dos anos 1943, aparecer como “operador ontofenomenológico” por excelência da consciência, isto é, como expediente capaz de instituir a abertura (intencional) da consciência ao mundo.
An out-of-hospital perspective on hyperventilation syndrome
Authors: Raphael Rebecca , Dippenaar Enrico
Published: June 2019

Hyperventilation and tachypnoea both involve breathing at an increased rate. There are a variety of causes of hyperventilation and conditions associated with it, including acute and chronic hyperventilation syndrome (HVS). The characteristics of HVS are not well defined. It results from a reduction in carbon dioxide and altered pH in the body from overbreathing. Symptoms vary between individuals but usually include altered sensations in the extremities, nausea and headache. Diagnosing patients with this condition can be difficult; diagnostic tools include the hyperventilation provocation test, voluntary overbreathing, the Nijmegen questionnaire and the exclusion of physiological causes in the acute situation. There are various prehospital patient presentations and differentiating between potential underlying causes is vital to appropriate treatment and patient safety. Treatments vary in nature, depending on the desired effect and the clinician's scope of practice. Some aim to reduce the frequency and intensity of attacks while others combat the attack when it strikes. This review briefly discusses some treatments available to a clinician with a basic skill level. There is a lack of evidence in this area, and research with a focus on the out-of-hospital environment is recommended. Because of controversy over existing research regarding the definition of HVS, a review of all sources was conducted to produce a definition. This suggests that HVS is a collection of physical and biochemical reactions from an unnecessarily increased respiratory rate that occurs because of an unknown or benign aetiology which can be triggered by anxiety in the absence of other external factors.
Auditory-Perceptual Speech Features in Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Jones Harrison N. , Crisp Kelly D. , Kuchibhatla Maragatha , Mahler Leslie , Risoli Thomas , Jones Carlee W. , Kishnani Priya
Published: June 2019

Speech disorders occur commonly in individuals with Down syndrome (DS), although data regarding the auditory-perceptual speech features are limited. This descriptive study assessed 47 perceptual speech features during connected speech samples in 26 children with DS. The most severely affected speech features were: naturalness, imprecise consonants, hyponasality, speech rate, inappropriate silences, irregular vowels, prolonged intervals, overall loudness level, pitch level, aberrant oropharyngeal resonance, hoarse voice, reduced stress, and prolonged phonemes. These findings suggest that speech disorders in DS are due to distributed impairments involving voice, speech sound production, fluency, resonance, and prosody. These data contribute to the development of a profile of impairments in speakers with DS to guide future research and inform clinical assessment and treatment.
Designing early television for the ideal home: The roles of industrial designers and exhibitions, 1930s–50s
Authors: Chambers Deborah
Published: June 2019

From the late 1930s, prominent architects and designers were enlisted in the design of early television receivers and their display at national exhibitions. This article examines the roles of art, industrial design and major exhibitions as cultural agents in popularizing television as a national medium in Britain between the 1930s and 1950s. Bringing together debates about the cultural production of early television from media and cultural studies and design history, the article approaches industrial designers as cultural intermediaries who shaped cultural tastes and dispositions to popularize television. The Council of Industrial Design’s philosophy and design strategies are assessed to explain the influence of British government policy on early television and model home interiors. The state and commercial promotion of television was framed by both modernist ideas about ‘good design’ and traditional ideas about nation, gendered consumer values, family and home. The article argues that the government promotion of ‘good taste’ and ‘good design’ served as moral agents of post-war national improvement in forging a consumer-led public culture. Within these parameters, industrial designers performed the vital role of ‘tastemakers’ by bestowing status, legitimacy and value on television as a consumer technology and domestic medium designed for the ideal home and family.
Beyond the black box: Digital media players as interoperable systems
Authors: Baumann Chris
Published: June 2019

This article looks at the entanglement of materiality, social practices and institutional interventions connected to the emergence of digital media players, in order to understand the cultural practices that their development and stabilization provoke. After laying out a framework for studying interconnectivity in complex systems, and introducing the notion of interoperable systems as a conceptual intervention for the study of media technologies, I offer a case study of the development of Microsoft’s Xbox One, in which particular attention is paid to the various ‘repair practices’ that the system’s limitations motivated among different social groups. I argue that seemingly ‘simple’ and ‘seamless’ operations that an everyday phenomenon like the Xbox One promises, such as using the device to stream a video, are in fact made possible by a complex set of technological, social and organizational mechanisms that are deliberately negotiated and manipulated at different layers.
Gegenwartsdiagnose heißt: etwas als etwas sichtbar machen
Authors: Etzemüller Thomas
Published: June 2019

Gegenwartsdiagnosen bedürfen visueller wie sprachlicher Bilder, um Schlagkraft zu gewinnen. Bilder schneiden die komplexe Realität zu und machen sie durch Rahmung (framing) handhabbar. »Gestalten« sind ein besonderer Fall dieser Rahmung. Es handelt sich um imaginierte Figuren, die gleichwohl real wirken, wie etwa »der Stoßtruppführer« oder »die schwäbische Hausfrau«. Während »Sozialfiguren« jedoch aus realen empirischen Daten generiert werden, können Gestalten reine Fiktion oder reine Bilder bleiben, die dennoch einen Einsatz im politischen Kampf darstellen. Sie ziehen Grenzen, schärfen Gegensätze, polarisieren und verlangen eine Stellungsnahme. Die Gestalt, so Ernst Jünger, »fördert ebensosehr die totale Mobilmachung, wie sie alles zerstört, was sich dieser Mobilmachung widersetzt.« Der Beitrag diskutiert die Bedeutung solcher Gestalten, ihre Genese und die Frage, wie man sie analysieren kann.
Die Säkularisierung des Exodus
Authors: Mackowitz Laurin
Published: June 2019

Widerstand gegen Unterdrückung und Ausbeutung wird durch physische Abscheu, theoretischen Widerspruch und in einem großen Maß durch Mythen über eine machbare Befreiung animiert. Aus diesem Grund inspiriert die Erzählung des Exodus der Israeliten aus Ägypten auch heute noch dazu, für soziale Gerechtigkeit zu kämpfen. Laurin Mackowitz' Vergleich von Sigmund Freuds, Thomas Manns, Michael Walzers und Paolo Virnos Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Exodus zeigt allerdings, dass dieser Mythos nicht nur zur narrativen Verankerung von Gerechtigkeit und Freiheit, sondern ebenso zur Konstruktion nationaler Identitäten und Legitimierung despotischer Politiken benutzt werden kann.
Textile Bildung im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung
Authors: Wiescholek Sybille
Published: June 2019

In die Bettdecke einrollen - Gedanken verknüpfen - einen losen Faden aus der Naht ziehen. Das Textile steht unter Spannung zwischen Omnipräsenz (Allgegenwärtigkeit) und Exteriorisierung (Auslagerung). Vor dem Hintergrund dieses Spannungsfeldes, der Marginalisierung des Textilen und des niedrigen Stellenwertes des Textilen in Erziehung, Bildung und Unterricht, fragt Sybille Wiescholek: Welche Chancen des Textilen finden sich in alltäglichen Lebenszusammenhängen für den Menschen? Wie kann insbesondere der Erhalt und die Aufwertung des Textilen für Kinder und Jugendliche in aktuellen Bildungskontexten, wie Inklusion und Digitalisierung, thematisiert werden?
Die »griechische Kolonisation«
Authors: Mauersberg Martin
Published: June 2019

»Wie Ameisen oder Frösche um einen Teich« (gemäß Platon) oder »die größte Leistung der Hellenen« (so Ernst Curtius) - das moderne Bild der »griechischen Kolonisation« ist das Resultat einer doppelten Konstruktion: Die erste Ebene ist das antike Wissen zum Phänomen der vom Ägäisraum ausgehenden Besiedelung der Mittel- und Schwarzmeerküsten zwischen dem 8. und 6. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Seine Überreste wurden dann in der Moderne auf der zweiten Ebene zum historischen Objekt verarbeitet: der »griechischen Kolonisation«. Martin Mauersberg geht der Entwicklung des Wissens auf beiden Ebenen nach. Er ermittelt seine zeitbezogenen Bedingtheiten und somit auch, inwieweit die antiken Quellen Basis einer historischen Rekonstruktion sein können.
Den Tieren Platz einräumen. Die Produktion und Repräsentation von urbaner Ko-Habitation mit Katzen in der Gegenwartskunst
Authors: Ullrich Jessica
Published: June 2019

Jessica Ullrich analysiert in ihrem Beitrag die verschiedenen Räume, die Künstler*innen Katzen zuweisen, und die Kunsträume, die Katzen sich selbst aneignen. Sie behandelt Positionen in der aktuellen Kunst, die Wohnstätten für zahme, wilde oder liminale Katzen schaffen und das Zusammenleben mit diesen Tieren zum Thema haben. In beiden Fällen werden Fragen der Mensch-Tier-Kohabitation reflektiert. Sie zeigt, dass die beteiligten Tiere dabei nicht passiv bleiben, sondern in der rahmenden Schauanordnung des Kunstwerks durchaus eine eigene Handlungs- und Wirkmacht entfalten, so dass ein Kunstwerk zum Lebensraum bzw. zum Habitat werden kann.
Zugehörigkeit und Rassismus
Authors: Schröder Birte
Published: June 2019

Mit Ansätzen des interkulturellen Lernens soll im Geographieunterricht Rassismus entgegengewirkt werden. Der Geographiedidaktik fehlt allerdings bisher eine systematische Auseinandersetzung mit lebensweltlichen Zugehörigkeits- und Rassismuserfahrungen von Lernenden. Birte Schröder füllt diese Lücke und setzt sich in ihrer empirischen Untersuchung mit unterschiedlichen Zugehörigkeitsaushandlungen von Jugendlichen in der Migrationsgesellschaft auseinander. Dabei stehen Brüche, Irritationen und Widerstände im Umgang mit rassismusrelevanten Grenzziehungen und Deutungsmustern im Mittelpunkt. Darauf aufbauend schlägt sie Orientierungslinien für eine rassismuskritische geographische Bildung vor.
Vivian Maier und der gespiegelte Blick
Authors: Köffler Nadja
Published: June 2019

Die posthume »Entdeckung« der US-amerikanischen Fotografin Vivian Maier (1926-2009) schrieb Schlagzeilen. Internationale Ausstellungen sowie mehrere Fotobände und Dokumentarfilme erzählen heute die Geschichte der zu Lebzeiten ungesehenen Künstlerin. Eine wissenschaftliche Aufarbeitung von Maiers Oeuvre und seiner Rezeption stellt jedoch noch ein wesentliches Forschungsdesiderat dar. Der vorliegende Band nähert sich Maiers Bildern werkanalytisch und sucht als Gegenantwort zur medialen Mystifizierung von Maier als »Nanny Photographer« nach dem feministischen Tenor und künstlerischen Selbstverständnis in ihren Selbstporträts. Durch seine bildorientierte Ausrichtung betritt der Band Neuland in einem bis dato vorwiegend genealogischen Diskurs. Mit einem Geleitwort von Martin Sexl und künstlerischen Beiträgen von Federico Italiano, Jessica Krecklo Naidu und Anna Kus Park.
Erwin Broner's Exile in Ibiza. The Transformation from Vernacular to Avant-garde in Architecture
Authors: Kögel Eduard
Published: June 2019

The German architect and artist Erwin Broner had to flee from the National Socialists and came to Ibiza for the first time at the end of 1933. Like other refugees, such as the Dadaist Raoul Hausmann or the writer Walter Benjamin, he studied the traditional architecture of the island. In the 1940s Broner and his second wife, Bauhaus graduate Bella Ullmann, worked in the Hollywood film industry. At the end of the 1950s he returned to Ibiza with his third wife and designed his own house there, which is of particular importance for the discourse on Ibiza's architectural culture. Later he built houses and studio buildings in the countryside and on the outskirts of the city, or renovated existing buildings in the old town. His approach starts from the existing situation and changes it with simple means so that the result appears completely natural. As an artist, he was a member of Grupo 59 and a driving force for contemporary expression in all areas of cultural development.
Aktivismus zwischen Protest und Gestaltungsraum
Authors: Lay-Kumar Jenny
Published: June 2019

Was verstehen engagierte Jugendliche unter Klimawandel und Klimaschutz? In ihrer wissenssoziologischen Analyse entwickelt Jenny Lay-Kumar Konzepte und empirisch basierte Einsichten für einen starken Klimaschutz. Die qualitativ-rekonstruktive Studie zu Wissensbeständen und Orientierungsmustern von BUND- und Greenpeace-Jugendgruppen wird von einer theoretischen Kritik an der verengten Konzeptualisierung von Klimawandel und Klimaschutz gerahmt. Mittels der dokumentarischen Methode werden nicht nur implizite Sinnstrukturen und kollektive Orientierungsmuster sichtbar gemacht, sondern auch Organisationsstrukturen und soziale Milieus. Damit werden auch Hintergründe zur aktuellen Bewegung »Fridays for Future« sichtbar.
Kreativität als Beruf
Authors: Henning Christoph , Schultheis Franz , Thomä Dieter
Published: June 2019

Wie passen Kunst und Beruf zusammen? Und was bedeutet notwendige Lohnarbeit für das Leben der Kreativen? Auf Grundlage qualitativer Interviews mit bildenden Künstler_innen und Designer_innen geben Christoph Henning, Franz Schultheis und Dieter Thomä einen neuen Einblick in die Welt der Künste, in ihre Werdegänge, Lebensideale, Arbeitsplätze, Berufsbilder, Geschäftsmodelle sowie professionelle und private Umfelder. Das Buch schlägt eine Brücke vom Alltag in Atelier und Werkstatt zu den großen Themen der modernen Gesellschaft - Kreativität und Prekarität, Kommerzialisierung und Ästhetisierung, Entfremdung und Emanzipation - und eröffnet somit eine interdisziplinäre Debatte zwischen qualitativer Forschung, kritischer Sozialtheorie und Sozialphilosophie.
Las nieves del Kilimanjaro
Authors: Almacellas Bernadó María Ángeles , Pereira Domínguez Carmen
Published: June 2019

Michel Marteron, de unos cincuenta años, trabaja en los astilleros de Marsella y es representante sindical de los trabajadores. Como consecuencia de la crisis financiera, su empresa se ve obligada a despedir a veinte personas y Marteron pierde su trabajo. Quedarse en paro supone una contrariedad, pero Michel y su esposa Marie-Claire van a poder seguir viviendo sin demasiados apuros. Ni tan siquiera les impide celebrar sus 30 años de feliz matrimonio, rodeados de sus hijos, nietos y un gran número de amigos y compañeros de trabajo. Como regalo de aniversario de parte de todos, reciben un viaje al Kilimanjaro.Pero su felicidad y sus proyectos se ven frustrados una noche en que dos hombres armados y enmascarados entran en su domicilio, les agreden violentamente y les roban el dinero y los pasajes. Denuncian el atraco a la policía, esperando que encuentren a los culpables y se haga justicia.Cuando Michel y su esposa descubren quién fue el agresor y cuáles son sus circunstancias, sus convicciones y su sentido ético inquebrantable son puestos a prueba.
Análisis del discurso oral en asambleas de la Universidad del Valle
Authors: Franco Alfonso Vargas , Delgado Rengifo Ángela Del Mar
Published: June 2019

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un análisis del discurso oral de un grupo de alumnos de la Universidad del Valle en asambleas generales estudiantiles, en el marco de la crisis de 2015 del Hospital Universitario del Valle. Su propósito es describir y analizar las características de un tipo de discurso oral poco estudiado en Colombia que, al margen del discurso oficial académico, evidencia un tipo de práctica enmarcada en la literacidad crítica. El estudio se basó en el modelo de interpretación de datos proveniente del análisis del discurso y el análisis crítico del discurso, los cuales, por su carácter multidisciplinar, permitieron integrar nociones de la teoría de la argumentación y categorías de la teoría de los actos de habla, al igual que analizar el discurso como instrumento de resistencia. Entre los principales resultados, el estudio evidenció la emergencia de un tipo de texto oral que refleja las identidades e ideologías de los hablantes, en este caso estudiantes que a partir de la práctica de una literacidad crítica construyen enunciados de contenido argumentativo. Estos enunciados, más allá de comunicar ideas, develan intenciones para la realización de actos y demuestran, mediante sus temas, el carácter de resistencia del discurso estudiantil. Igualmente, el estudio permitió reconocer la dinámica organizativa de la asamblea estudiantil, caracterizando sus componentes y los roles de los participantes.
REKONSTRUKSI REGULASI UNTUK AKSELERASI PENETAPAN HUTAN ADAT
Authors: Sukirno Sukirno
Published: June 2019

Latar belakang artikel ini adalah adanya fakta masih lambat dan sedikit penetapan hutan adat sebagai tindak lanjut dari Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No.35/PUU-X/2012. Lambat dan sedikitnya penetapan hutan adat disebabkan oleh regulasi yang tidak efektif dan efisien. Bertolak dari latar belakang tersebut maka permasalahan yang diangkat adalah rekonstruksi regulasi seperti apa yang dapat mendorong akselerasi penetapan hutan adat sehingga dapat memberikan keadilan bagi masyarakat hukum adat? Telaah terhadap permasalahan tersebut menunjukkan persyaratan penetapan hutan adat masih dipersyaratkan adanya Peraturan Daerah (Perda) tentang  untuk hutan adat di kawasan hutan dan Keputusan Kepala Daerah tentang MHA untuk hutan adat di luar kawasan hutan. Data awal memperlihatkan masih sedikit produk hukum daerah tentang MHA disebabkan oleh kurangnya kemauan kepala daerah dan DPRD. Setelah ada produk hukum daerah juga masih memerlukan proses validasi dokumen dan verifikasi lapangan dari Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. Untuk mempercepat penetapan hutan adat diperlukan terobosan hukum dengan segera membahas dan mengesahkan draft RUU MHA dengan membentuk Komisi Nasional Hak-Hak MHA yang mengambil alih semua kewenangan dan sebagian prosedur, sehingga pemerintah pusat hanya sekedar mengukuhkan (deklarasi) hutan adat saja.
Status hidrasi, tingkat kebugaran jasmani dan daya konsentrasi anak sekolah dasar
Authors: Sudrajat Agus , Mexitalia Maria , Rosidi Ali
Published: June 2019

Background: The dehydration correlated with physical fitness and the cognition. The cardiorespiratory fitness correlated with brain ability and working performance too. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the correlation of dehydration status and cardiorespiratory fitness with the concentration of primary school children.Methods: Correlational study is done to the students aged 10-12 years old. The dehydration status is measured by urine specific gravity. The cardiorespiratory fitness is measured by harvard step test and digit symbol test is used to measure concentration. The analysis of the data using product moment to bivariate analysis and partial correlation to multivariate analysis.Results: The result showed that the average of subjects have a mild (Usg 1020.20±6.99 g/dl). The average of the subjects have a less cardiorespiratory fitness (31.27±8.00). The results of concentration ability measurement showed about of 35±12.27. The correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between dehydration status with cardiorespiratory fitness( r=-0.29, p=0.04 ), between dehydration status with concentration (r=-0.29, p=0.036) and between cardiorespiratory fitness with concentration (r=0.295, p=0.03). Partial correlation analysis showed the persistence of a significant correlation between dehydration status and cardiorespiratory fitness (p=0.02), between dehydration status and concentration (p=0.02) and between cardiorespiratory fitness and concentration (p=0.002).Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between dehydration status and cardiorespiratory fitness. There is a significant correlation between dehydration status and the concentration. There is a significant correlation between cardiorespiratory fitness and the concentration.
Pengaruh pemberian nano daun kelor (moringa oleifera) terhadap kadar mineral serum dan tulang pada tikus sprague dawley jantan tumbuh
Authors: Syahrial Syahrial , Rimbawan Rimbawan , Damayanthi Evy , Astuti Dewi Apri , Suptijah Pipih
Published: June 2019

Background: One of the important minerals for growth is calcium to build new bone. Moringa oleifera has been known as high nutritional content and bioactive compound tree that could act as antioxidant and improved several diseases like diabetes, arthritis, cardiovascular. Phytochemical analyses have shown that Moringa oleifera contain of high macro minerals like calcium, potasium, magnesium, and phosphor. Several previous studies have shown that mineral nanoparticle have higher bioavailability than natural compounds.. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of moringa oleifera nanoparticle leaf on mineral serum and bone at growth stage of Sprague Dawley male rats. Methods: In this study, the pre and post controlled group design and complete random design was used. The subjects were 27 growing male Sprague dawley rats aged 2 month were devided into three group which received standard feed contain CaCO3 (control group), intervention feed contained 450nm and 750nm nano Moringa oleifera for 60 days. The data of the experiment was analyzed by paired T-test and Duncan test at 95% confidence level.Results: The result showed that there was no significance different for both of intervention group for mineral serum and fermur bone. While for the tibia bone, the result showed that the calcium, phosphor and magnesium were significantly increase (p<0.05). The intervention group received 450nm showed more effective improvement of magnesium level (p<0.05) than intervention group received 750nm.Conclusion: The intervention of moringa oleifera nanoparticle leaf had a positive effect in decreasing serum and bone mineral levels in male rats. There were significant increased at magnesium level measured in tibia bones after intervention, with higher increasing at group received 450nm nanoparticle.
Riwayat paparan pestisida dan kekurangan asupan zat gizi sebagai faktor risiko kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di daerah pertanian
Authors: Sulistyawati Sulistyawati , Margawati Ani , Rosidi Ali , Suhartono Suhartono
Published: June 2019

Background: Anemia in pregnant women in Brebes Regency, Central Java in 2016 was still high at 60.7%. Brebes Regency is an area of onion farming with a high intensity of pesticide use. Objectives: This study aimed to prove the history of pesticide exposure and lack of nutrient intake (iron and vitamin C) was risk factor for the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in agricultural area. Methods: Case control study with 41 cases (anemia) and 41 controls (non-anemia) as study subjects. The subjects were selected using purposive sampling method. Pesticide exposure history included the involvement of pregnant women in agricultural activities, frequency of exposure and length of exposure was measured by interview using structured questionnaire. Anemia data were obtained by measuring hemoglobin levels. Other independent variables measured were nutritional intake (protein, iron, and vitamin C) using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) method to determine the level of nutrient adequacy in pregnant women. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression.Result: Hemoglobin levels in the case ranged from 7.2 g/dl to 10.9 g/dl. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that pesticide exposure history (OR= 4.9, 95% CI:1.75-13.67), level of iron adequacy (OR = 2.9, 95% CI:1.06– 8.29) and level of vitamin C adequacy (OR = 3.4, 95% CI:1.10– 10.28) as risk factors for the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in agricultural area.Conclusion: The history of pesticide exposure and lack of nutrient intake (iron and vitamin C) was risk factor for the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in agricultural area.
Status antioksidan dan oksidatif laki-laki yang mengalami kegemukan dengan pemberian minuman rosela ungu
Authors: Sriyanti Sriyanti , Damayanthi Evy , Anwar Faisal
Published: June 2019

Background : Rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is an anthocyanin-rich plant that has good antioxidant capacity. However, the utilization was limited to red roselle, while previous studies showed that anthocyanin content was found to be higher in the thick roselle.therefore, this is an opportunity to develop purple roselle products as a preventive effort for degenerative diseases in men with fatness. Subjects in this study were male by considering the effect of estrogen on women which could play a role in suppressing oxidative stress.Objectives : This study aimed to analyze antioxidant (SOD/Superoxide dismutase) and oxidative status (MDA/malondialdehyde) level in obese adult men after administration of purple rosela drinks. Methods : This study was quasi-experimental with pre-post test. Eighteen obese subjects in the security unit were divided into two groups, namely the intervention group and control group. Intervention group (n = 9) was given purple rosela drinkin the amount of 480 mL/day, while the control group (n = 9) was given an equivalent amount of purple rosela drink without rosela. The subjects were daily administered for 6 weeks. Characteristic, anthropometric, food consumption and blood sample data were collected at the beginning and end of the intervention. Data analysis was performed by descriptively, paired t-test, independent t-test, ANCOVA.Results : The analysis showed that purple rosela drink tend to increase SOD levels (0.45 ± 0.14; 1.35 ± 0.71; p-value = 0.008) but this value was not significantly different from the control group (p-value = 0.128). MDA levels did not significantly different between the intervention and control groups (0.025 ± 0.083;-0.125 ± 0.60; p-value = 0.473).Conclusion : These results showed that administering 480 ml of purple rosela drink did not improve antioxidant and oxidative status in obese adult men.