bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individual vs simultaneous macular and optic disc measurements with spectral domain optical coherence tomography in glaucoma and healthy eyes
Authors: Venkataraman Abinaya Priya , Al-Soboh Loujain , Hedström Johan , Domínguez-Vicent Alberto
Published: February 2024

We assessed the repeatability and agreement of ganglion cell complex (GCC) in the macular area and the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (ppRNFL) with individual and combined macula and disc scans. The macular GCC and ppRNFL thicknesses from 34 control eyes and 43 eyes with glaucoma were measured with the Canon Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) HS-100. Two repeated measurements were performed with both scan modes. The repeatability limit (Rlim) and agreement analysis were performed. The individual scan showed better repeatability than the combined scan in both groups. However, the differences in the Rlim for the GCC in most sectors were lower than 3 μm (axial resolution of the OCT), and this was larger than 3 μm for most of the ppRNFL sectors. The mean differences in the thickness between both scan modes for the GCC and ppRNFL measurements were less than 3 and 6 μm, respectively. The interval of the limits of agreement was about 10 μm in some sectors for the GCC, and about 40 and 60 μm in some sectors in controls and glaucoma eyes, respectively. Both scan modes showed good repeatability in both groups. The agreement results suggest that the scan modes cannot be used interchangeably.
Exploring aromatic components differences and composition regularity of 5 kinds of these 4 aroma types Phoenix Dancong tea based on GC–MS
Authors: Zheng Xiao-Ting , Zeng Xing-Yao , Lin Xiao-Ling , Chen Dan-Sheng , Li Yun , Huang Jian-Jian , Yu Zheng-Chao , Zhu Hui
Published: February 2024

Different aromatic components do indeed give different tea flavors. There is still little research on whether there is a certain regularity in the combination and content of aromatic components in different aroma types of Phoenix Dancong (PDC) tea. This potential regularity may be a key factor in unraveling the relationship between reproduction and evolution in PDC tea. Here, the 5 kinds of these 4 aroma types PDC tea (Zhuye, Tuofu, Jianghuaxiang, Juduo, Yashixiang) were used as research materials in this study, the headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to analyze the aromatic components of these PDC teas. The results showed a total of 36 aromatic components identified in this study. When conducting cluster analysis, it was found that similarity degree arrangement sequence of 5 PDC teas was Juduo, Tuofu, Yashixiang, Zhuye and Jianghuaxiang. Among these aromatic components, the 7,9-Di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione, the 2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 3-methyl-2-(2-pentenyl)-,(Z)-, the 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, the 3,7-dimethyl-1,5,7-Octatrien-3-ol, and the 2-Furanmethanol,5-ethenyltetrahydro-.alpha.,.alpha.,5-trimethyl-,cis- are common to 5 PDC teas. This study aims to elucidate the similarities in the aromatic components of 5 PDC teas, revealing the major aroma-endowed substances of various aroma, and providing theoretical reference for further exploring the relationship between aroma type discrimination, variety selection, and evolution of PDC teas.
Engineering selective CO2 photoreduction by tailored interfacial design of P-modulated CuPc/B-C3N4 heterojunction for improved C2H4 selectivity
Authors: Khan Imran , Miao Baoji , Khan Salman , Zada Amir , Ali Sharafat , Rizwan Muhammad , Khan Afsar , Shah Muhammad Ishaq Ali , Alodhayb Abdullah
Published: February 2024

The realization of 2D/2D Van der Waals (VDW) heterojunction is an advanced approach to obtain superior photocatalytic efficiency. However, electron transfer through Van der Waals heterojunction formed through ex-situ assembly...
Synthesis of functionalized quinolines from the cascade reactions of N-aryl amidines with two CF3-ynones via C–H/N–H/C–N/C–C bond cleavage
Authors: Li Hao , Yan Shengnan , Xu Yuanshuang , Ma Chunhua , Zhang Xinying , Fan Xuesen
Published: February 2024

We present a novel synthesis of CF3- and alkynyl-substituted quinoline derivatives based on Rh(iii)-catalyzed cascade reactions of N-aryl amidines with two CF3-ynones. Then, some products are transformed into polycyclic CF3-benzo[k]phenanthridines through an intramolecular annulation reaction.
Competition between CH4 hydrate formation and phase separation in a wetted metal–organic framework MIL-101 at moderate subcooling: molecular insights into CH4 storage
Authors: He Zhongjin , Jiang Jianwen , Jiang Guosheng , Ning Fulong
Published: February 2024

Systematic molecular dynamics simulations reveal the competition between CH4 hydrate formation and phase separation of CH4 in a mesoporous metal–organic framework MIL-101 at moderate subcooling.
3D printed fibroblast-loaded hydrogel for scleral remodeling to prevent the progression of myopia
Authors: Hui Jingwen , Nie Xiongfeng , Wei Pinghui , Deng Jie , Kang Yuanzhe , Tang Kexin , Han Guoge , Wang Ling , Liu Wenguang , Han Quanhong
Published: February 2024

Fibroblasts-loaded GelMA-PEGDA hydrogel was constructed by DLP bioprinting. The new PSR surgery based on fibroblasts-loaded GelMA-PEGDA hydrogel is a very promising option for preventing the development of myopia.
Novel synthesis of semiconductor chalcohalide anti-perovskites by low-temperature molecular precursor ink deposition methodologies
Authors: Caño Ivan , Turnley Jonathan W. , Benítez Pol , López-Álvarez Cibrán , Asensi José-Miguel , Payno David , Puigdollers Joaquim , Placidi Marcel , Cazorla Claudio , Agrawal Rakesh , Saucedo Edgardo
Published: February 2024

Ag3SX (X = I, Br) possess a unique anti-perovskite structure (similar to perovskites but switching anions by cations and vice-versa). Here, we propose a new low-cost low-temperature synthesis methodology based on thiol-amine molecular ink deposition.
Efficient noise suppression via controlling the optical cavity in near-infrared organic photoplethysmography sensors
Authors: Yang Zhao , Kim Byung Gi , Jang Woongsik , Wang Dong Hwan
Published: February 2024

A high-sensitivity organic photodetector (OPD) that operates in the near-infrared region is developed by controlling the optical micro-cavity effects to extend the device's response wavelength. This OPD is successfully applied to photoplethysmography sensors.
SybilPSIoT: Preventing Sybil attacks in signed social internet of things based on web of trust and smart contract
Authors: Dayyani Aboulfazl , Abbaspour Maghsoud
Published: February 2024

Sybil attacks are a very serious challenge in social networks including, the Social Internet of Things (SIoT). This paper introduces the SybilPSIoT method, in which a hybrid prevention and detection decentralized approach is proposed in SIoT based on smart contracts. The owner adds his objects to the smart contract. However, hostile owners can create Sybil things. This paper formally presents a model that uses a signed SIoT network with objects and identifiers as network nodes and information about the type of nodes (acknowledgers). Assuming the relationship between the edge marks between nodes and the node type, the proposed method uses trust paths between verification and desired nodes using a Bayesian inference model and structural balance patterns to judge the target node in these paths. It also uses game theory to control access owners to prevent Sybil from creating new things based on a cost‐benefit function. Based on the analysis method, a validating effect proportional to the path length on the target object was presented. This method was compared with the most novel available methods; the results from this comparison depict the scalability and effectiveness of the proposed method for large networks.
Smart Recruitment for Workers with Disability: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Shahzad Farhan , Varriale Luisa , De Marco Marco
Published: February 2024

This paper aims to investigate the role and function of digital and smart technologies, including AI applications, within organizations in making them much more inclusive for people with disability (PWD) at the workplace starting from the recruitment process. Specifically, this conceptual study provides an indepth analysis of smart recruitment process for creating work environments much more inclusive and sustainable for PWD. In the last three decades, also because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the digital transformation, largely adopting digital and smart technologies, has significantly, both positively and negatively, affected any field and industry in the private and professional life. Indeed, our ways of working and quality of life have been improved by digital and smart technologies which are able to overcome geographical, physical, and social barriers. Likewise, some negative effects are related to this phenomenon, such as digital divide especially for some categories of people, like those with disabilities or special needs. This conceptual paper provides a systematic literature review; indeed, the phenomenon of smart recruitment is investigated providing an overview regarding its insights, challenges, and future developments. A bibliometric analysis is conducted using WoS and Scopus databases with manual selection through the VOSviewer software.
Technology for sustainability in the educational context: A portrait of the Italian universities
Authors: Briganti Paola , Volpe Tiziana , Veglianti Eleonora , Varriale Luisa
Published: February 2024

This paper aims to investigate the topic of sustainability within the educational context, specifically the link between the adoption of digital and smart technologies, including AI applications, and sustainability within higher educational institutions. Starting from the consideration that digital and smart technologies play a crucial role in supporting any organizational processes, including educational and training processes, we aim to provide a portrait of the Italian universities and their way to be much more sustainable adopting digital and smart technologies (water dispensers; waste recycling; accessible website; visual content in PowerPoint slides; studentfacing online tools, such as, clickers, discussion boards, chat bots, and WIKIs accessible, etc.). Starting from a deep review of the literature on the topic, we investigate the Italian universities mapping them considering some specific main features (i.e. the development and adoption of sustainability practices and solutions also through digital and smart technologies, the adoption of e-learning solutions, etc.). This qualitative research, through a multiple case study, provides possible interesting insights for the future, investigating one specific country, where some factors, such as cultural, contextual, geographic, and organizational factors, should significantly impact the way universities try to be much more sustainable through the adoption of digital and smart technologies, and, consequently, becoming ‘smart and sustainable’ universities.
Mapping the journey for the digital revolution in the sphere of education through examining the future progress of technology
Authors: Gagliardi Anna Roberta , Magliocca Pierpaolo , Caputo Francesco
Published: February 2024

This study examines the complex and diverse process of how educational institutions incorporate digital technologies. The study examines the widespread incorporation of digital tools and methodology, analysing their influence on teaching methods, administrative models, and the overall educational experience for all involved parties. This essay thoroughly examines developing trends to explore the factors, difficulties, and consequences of digitalisation in education. This article presents a thorough and versatile structure to facilitate the process of digitising education.
Microbiote buccal et foie
Authors: Lê Sylvie , Minty Matthieu , Boyer Émile , Blasco-Baque Vincent , Bonnaure-Mallet Martine , Meuric Vincent
Published: February 2024

Le foie possède de nombreuses fonctions biologiques importantes pour l’organisme. Il peut être atteint par diverses maladies, telles que les hépatites virales ou médicamenteuses, la fibrose et la cirrhose. Lors de ces affections, les hépatocytes endommagés sont progressivement remplacés par du tissu cicatriciel. Par ailleurs, une altération du microbiote oral peut être à l’origine d’une altération des réponses immunitaires et ainsi contribuer au développement d’une inflammation qui touchera également le foie. En effet, les personnes souffrant d’hémochromatose ou de stéatose hépatique non alcoolique présentent des anomalies importantes du microbiote oral. De même, des concentrations élevées de certaines bactéries colonisant la cavité buccale, telles que Porphyromonas gingivalis, sont associées à des facteurs de risque accrus de stéatose hépatique non alcoolique.
Neglected Superior Ophthalmic Vein Enlargement before Delayed Symptom of Carotid-Cavernous Fistula in a Blowout Fracture: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Park Sunkyu , Ku Inhoe , Park Ji-Ung
Published: February 2024

Carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is a rare condition. However, it should be suspected when there are traumatic facial fractures, because if not diagnosed, it can lead to permanent damage such as blindness. Traumatic CCF often presents delayed symptoms, and delayed diagnosis without prompt treatment can lead to permanent injuries in optic and cranial nerves III, IV, V, and VI as well as intracranial hemorrhage. The routine initial modality for patients with suspected facial bone fractures is noncontrast computed tomography (CT) to identify any fracture lines and check for intracranial hemorrhage. We report a post-traumatic CCF case with a 4-day symptom delay, where left superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) enlargement was observed on the routine noncontrast facial CT with ipsilateral orbital wall fracture. When the patient first presented to the emergency room (ER), we did not detect vein enlargement on CT. Afterwards, the patient developed delayed symptoms of CCF and was readmitted to the ER. When we reanalyzed the first CT scan, an enlarged SOV was confirmed. The diagnosis was confirmed via magnetic resonance imaging angiography, and the patient was successfully treated with embolization of the fistula. Thus, we recommend reviewing ophthalmic vein enlargement that is readily identifiable through noncontrast CT for patients injured by craniofacial trauma to suspect the presence of delayed CCF at their initial presentation.
Multifunctional platform for photothermal therapy combined with luminescence nanothermometry probes
Authors: Horcajo Manuel , Arranz Daniel , Weigand Rosa , Presa Patricia de la
Published: February 2024

The design of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) that can generate and monitor heat release in real-time during thermal therapy is a major challenge in nanomedicine. In this work, a trimodal system that combines magnetic hyperthermia (MH), photothermal therapy (PT) and luminescence nano-thermometry (LT) has been set up in a single platform. Magnetite NPs were optimized focusing on MH and PT; then, the NPs have been coated with embedded Nd3+ cations to enhance the PT and to act as LT probe. Nd3+ is an interesting luminescent probe, with excitation around 800 nm and emission at the second biological window. Such hybrid system could act as heat mediator and imaging probe for in situ thermometer during the PT and MH, since these wavelengths belong to the biological windows.
Analysis of magnetostriction of oriented silicon steel under motor magnetic field
Authors: Li Yuxiao , Li Zhiye , Lu Xusheng , Shao Guangshuai , Liu Jiaxin , Pei Ruilin
Published: February 2024

The performance requirements of motors are gradually increasing, and anisotropic soft magnetic materials have been applied in motors to improve performance, The magnetostriction of anisotropic soft magnetic materials is one of the main contributors in extensive research on anisotropic soft magnetic material transformers. Compared to transformers, the magnetic field in motors has more complex harmonic and multi-directional characteristics. In this paper, the magnetic field of motors stator teeth under both no-load and load conditions is calculated and analyzed to research magnetostriction of anisotropic soft magnetic materials in motor magnetic field and predict the NVH performance of anisotropic soft magnetic material motors accurately. Furthermore, the magnetostriction in different magnetization angles is investigated for the multi-directional characteristics, and the result is explained from microscopic principles. This paper focuses on a splicing oriented silicon steel (OSS) motor, the magnetization angle of OSS in motor varying from 0° to 90°. Firstly, the equivalent formulas of magnetic field are obtained under the analytical and finite element calculations. After that, the frequency and direction of experiment magnetic field are confirmed and the magnetostriction of OSS in different magnetization angle and frequency is measured. In the end, the variation character of magnetostriction of OSS is summarized.
Study of grain-patterned and highly ordered L10-FePt HAMR media using reactive molecular dynamics method
Authors: Zhu Jianxin , Wang Jian-Ping
Published: February 2024

Embedded Mask Patterning (EMP) has been proposed as a cost-effective fabrication method to be capable of patterning sub-5-nm grain sizes for highly ordered L10-FePt media for Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR). Understanding the etching mechanism of FePt is critical to maintaining the highly ordered L10 structure and low damage to magnetic grains. In this research, a reactive Molecular Dynamics (MD) model is developed to study methanol (MeOH) plasma etching on highly ordered continuous L10-FePt media film. The model describes the reactive interaction mechanism between the plasma products CO/H2 molecules and Fe/Pt atoms. It shows the dominant Fe-C interaction upon the dissociation of CO ligands leads to formation of large and volatile Fen-C clusters contributing to high chemical etch yield.
Solid-state high harmonic spectroscopy for all-optical band structure probing of high-pressure quantum states
Authors: Hu Shi-Qi , Chen Da-Qiang , Du Lan-Lin , Meng Sheng
Published: February 2024

High pressure has triggered various novel states/properties in condensed matter, as the most representative and dramatic example being near-room-temperature superconductivity in highly pressured hydrides (~200 GPa). However, the mechanism of superconductivity is not confirmed, due to the lacking of effective approach to probe the electronic band structure under such high pressures. Here, we theoretically propose that the band structure and electron-phonon coupling (EPC) of high-pressure quantum states can be probed by solid-state high harmonic generation (sHHG). This strategy is investigated in high-pressure Im-3m H
3
S by the state-of-the-art first-principles time-dependent density-functional theory simulations, where the sHHG is revealed to be strongly dependent on the electronic structures and EPC. The dispersion of multiple bands near the Fermi level is effectively retrieved along different momentum directions. Our study provides unique insights into the potential all-optical route for band structure and EPC probing of high-pressure quantum states, which is expected to be helpful for the experimental exploration of high-pressure superconductivity in the future.
Linguistic landscapes of activism
Authors: Arias Álvarez Alba
Published: February 2024

The field of the linguistic landscape has been examined as an arena of negotiation, struggle, and contestation, where individuals and communities play roles in the symbolic construction of the public sphere. Transitory linguistic landscapes show the power struggle between different communities or how individuals claim their rights in the public sphere. Specifically, political demonstrations can influence public opinion and change policies and law. The mass protest analyzed in the present study aimed to inform public opinion about a public healthcare problem and to push the regional government to take action to resolve the issue. Following the frameworks of geosemiotics, interpellation, and dialogism, the focus of the present study is to examine qualitatively how the political and social action of a mass demonstration is mediated and created through multimodal resources.
The importance of features and exponents
Authors: Lohndal Terje , Putnam Michael T.
Published: February 2024

Formal approaches to bi- and multilingual grammars rely on two important claims: (i) the grammatical architecture
should be able to deal with mono- and bi-/multilingual data without any specific constraints for the latter, (ii) features play a
pivotal role in accounting for patterns across and within grammars. In the present paper, it is argued that an exoskeletal
approach to grammar, which clearly distinguishes between the underlying syntactic features and their morphophonological
realizations (exponents), offers an ideal tool to analyze data from bi- and multilingual speakers. Specifically, it is shown that
this framework can subsume the specific mechanism of Feature Reassembly developed by Donna Lardiere since the
late 1990’s. Three case studies involving different languages and language combinations are offered in support of this claim,
demonstrating how an exoskeletal approach can be employed without any additional constraints or mechanisms.
Estudio correlacional del género ficha clínica
Authors: Meza Paulina , Lillo-Fuentes Fernando , Velasco Erlantz , Silva-Rosas Carlos
Published: February 2024

Abstracta

Nuestro objetivo es relacionar los rasgos lingüísticos, la calidad lingüístico-discursiva, la evaluación
disciplinar y la percepción de autoeficacia en escritura en el género Ficha Clínica. En este estudio correlacional, se analizó un
corpus de 52 Fichas Clínicas, producidas por estudiantes de Medicina de una universidad chilena, quienes, además, respondieron un
cuestionario de percepción de autoeficacia en escritura. La evaluación disciplinar se obtuvo a partir de la calificación del texto
por parte de médicos-docentes. Para el análisis de la calidad lingüístico-discursiva se diseñó y validó un instrumento específico
(Rúbrica para Evaluar la Calidad Lingüístico-Discursiva de Textos Disciplinares en Medicina). Los resultados muestran
correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la evaluación realizada por los médicos y la calidad lingüístico-discursiva.
La percepción de autoeficacia no presenta correlaciones significativas con ninguna de estas variables. En conclusión, la
investigación representa un avance importante en la descripción del género Ficha Clínica desde una perspectiva multidimensional e
interdisciplinaria.
Sentientist Rights: A Third Conception?
Authors: Fasel Raffael N
Published: February 2024

This chapter considers whether increasingly popular sentientist rights theories represent an attractive third conception that escapes the spectrum of fundamental rights conceptions. The chapter takes Alasdair Cochrane’s theory of sentient equality, summarized in Section 2, as a test case for the sentientist approach. Section 3 analyses whether Cochrane’s theory indeed represents a third conception or whether, as I argue, it is in fact a Meritocratic theory. The section then proposes that even if one were to reject this, the sentientist approach still faces problems that can make it unattractive to many human rights proponents. This is because sentience is not an ideal ground for equal status (Section 4) and because the sentientist approach allows for some humans to have no rights, and for animal rights to outweigh human rights (Section 5).
Opioid Usage Following Oculoplastic Procedures
Authors: Mei Frank , Garfinkel Victoria , Petroll Matthew , Mancini Ronald
Published: February 2024

Background

With the rising toll of the opioid crisis, oculoplastic surgeons have been looking at methods to decrease opioid prescription.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to identify factors that correlate with opioid usage after oculoplastic surgery.

Methods

This was a prospective study conducted at University of Texas Southwestern. All patients who underwent an oculoplastic procedure were eligible for inclusion. Patients enrolled were provided 20 tablets of tramadol 50 mg, to take 1 tablet every 6 hours as needed for pain. At their postoperative week 1 appointment, participants had the remaining number of unused opioid tablets counted. The number of tablets taken were calculated by subtracting the remaining number of tablets from the original prescribed amount.

Results

A total of 310 patients were enrolled in our study. Of these, 129 patients met the inclusion criteria. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of tramadol tablets taken between procedures for upper eyelids, lower eyelids, and both eyelids (P < .01). There were no statistically significant differences in tramadol usage when comparing procedures on eyelids with orbit procedures(P = .30), cosmetic with noncosmetic procedures (P = .52), males with females (P = .87), or patients naive to oculoplastic procedures with those undergoing reoperation (P = .58). Longer procedures were correlated with greater tramadol usage (R = 0.28, P < .01).

Conclusions

This is the first study in the literature that has objectively quantified opioid usage after oculoplastic surgery in a prospective manner. Procedures that involve both upper and lower eyelids simultaneously and longer procedures resulted in higher opioid use. Orbital procedures, cosmetic procedures, sex, and procedural naivety were not found to be associated with higher opioid usage.

Level of Evidence: 4
Alterations in the brain functional network of abstinent male individuals with methamphetamine use disorder
Authors: Luo Dan , He Wanlin , Shen Danlin , Tang Bin , Tao Hongge , Tang Qiao , Lai Mingfeng , Liu Jun , Liu Yishan , Xu Jiajun , Meng Jinli , Li Jing
Published: February 2024

Methamphetamine is a highly addictive psychostimulant drug that is abused globally and is a serious threat to health worldwide. Unfortunately, the specific mechanism underlying addiction remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the characteristics of functional connectivity in the brain network and the factors influencing methamphetamine use disorder in patients using magnetic resonance imaging. We included 96 abstinent male participants with methamphetamine use disorder and 46 age- and sex-matched healthy controls for magnetic resonance imaging. Compared with healthy controls, participants with methamphetamine use disorder had greater impulsivity, fewer small-world attributes of the resting-state network, more nodal topological attributes in the cerebellum, greater functional connectivity strength within the cerebellum and between the cerebellum and brain, and decreased frontoparietal functional connectivity strength. In addition, after controlling for covariates, the partial correlation analysis showed that small-world properties were significantly associated with methamphetamine use frequency, psychological craving, and impulsivity. Furthermore, we revealed that the small-word attribute significantly mediated the effect of methamphetamine use frequency on motor impulsivity in the methamphetamine use disorder group. These findings may further improve our understanding of the neural mechanism of impulse control dysfunction underlying methamphetamine addiction and assist in exploring the neuropathological mechanism underlying methamphetamine use disorder-related dysfunction and rehabilitation.
In situ pump-flow-probe XAFS study of photoexcited electron transfer over single atom-Pt/CoOOH photocatalysts
Authors: Cheng Weiren , Kido Daiki , Niwa Yasuhiro , Bo Shuowen , Kimura Masao , Ota Ryo , Shibayama Tamaki , Asakura Kiyotaka
Published: February 2024

We applied pump-flow-probe X-ray absorption fine structure (PFP-XAFS) spectroscopy to photoexcited electron transfer from semiconductor to cocatalyst in a single atom(SA)-Pt/CoOOH photocatalyst to trace the process with microsecond (μs) time resolution. Upon photoirradiation, photoexcited electrons in the CoOOH semiconductor are found to transfer into Pt 5d orbitals, reaching a maximum population at 10 μs delay time. The accumulation of photoelectrons in the Pt 5d and the following decay process are reasonably explained by sequential first-order kinetics with rate constants of k1 = 0.11 ± 0.03 μs−1 and k2 = 0.06 ± 0.01 μs−1.
Vaccination policy and mortality from COVID-19 in the European Union
Authors: Agostini Eleonora , Bloise Francesco , Tancioni Massimiliano
Published: February 2024

This paper estimates the dynamic effect of vaccination on mortality from COVID-19 using weekly data from 26 European Union countries during 2021. Our analysis relies on the double machine learning method to control for multiple confounders, including nonpharmaceutical interventions, climate variables, mobility factors, variants of concern, country- and week-specific shocks. In our baseline specification, we show that a 10 percentage point increase in cumulative doses per hundred inhabitants averts 5.08 COVID-19 deaths per million inhabitants at the eight-week horizon and 26.41 deaths in the eight-week time window considered. The average reduction in mortality in this window is close to 50%. Further estimates reveal that the effect of doses administered to adults aged 18–59 does not statistically differ from that of doses received by people aged 60 and over. Finally, vaccine-specific estimates document that mRNA-1273 (Moderna) and Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) are more cost-effective in saving lives than Comirnaty (Pfizer), while we are unable to demonstrate any effect of Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson).
Assessment of paravalvular regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement using 2D multi-velocity encoding and 4D flow cardiac magnetic resonance
Authors: Rooijakkers Maxim J P , El Messaoudi Saloua , Stens Niels A , van Wely Marleen H , Habets Jesse , Brink Monique , Rodwell Laura , Giese Daniel , van der Geest Rob J , van Royen Niels , Nijveldt Robin
Published: February 2024

Aims

To compare the novel 2D multi-velocity encoding (venc) and 4D flow acquisitions with the standard 2D flow acquisition for the assessment of paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived regurgitant fraction (RF).

Methods and results

In this prospective study, patients underwent CMR 1 month after TAVR for the assessment of PVR, for which 2D multi-venc and 4D flow were used, in addition to standard 2D flow. Scatterplots and Bland–Altman plots were used to assess correlation and visualize agreement between techniques. Reproducibility of measurements was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients. The study included 21 patients (mean age ± SD 80 ± 5 years, 9 men). The mean RF was 11.7 ± 10.0% when standard 2D flow was used, 10.6 ± 7.0% when 2D multi-venc flow was used, and 9.6 ± 7.3% when 4D flow was used. There was a very strong correlation between the RFs assessed with 2D multi-venc and standard 2D flow (r = 0.88, P < 0.001), and a strong correlation between the RFs assessed with 4D flow and standard 2D flow (r = 0.74, P < 0.001). Bland–Altman plots revealed no substantial bias between the RFs (2D multi-venc: 1.3%; 4D flow: 0.3%). Intra-observer and inter-observer reproducibility for 2D multi-venc flow were 0.98 and 0.97, respectively, and 0.92 and 0.90 for 4D flow, respectively.

Conclusion

Two-dimensional multi-venc and 4D flow produce an accurate quantification of PVR after TAVR. The fast acquisition of the 2D multi-venc sequence and the free-breathing acquisition with retrospective plane selection of the 4D flow sequence provide useful advantages in clinical practice, especially in the frail TAVR population.
The association of lipoprotein(a) and coronary artery calcium in asymptomatic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Martignoni Felipe Villa , RL Júnior José Eduardo , Marques Isabela R , Gomes Cintia , Moreira Vittoria Caporal S , de Souza Isabela A F , Miyawaki Isabele A , Silva Caroliny H , do Amaral Neto Augusto Barreto , Padrão Eduardo M H , Cardoso Rhanderson , de Vasconcellos Henrique Doria , Miedema Michael
Published: February 2024

Aims

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an atherogenic lipid particle associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) events. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is a tool to diagnose subclinical atherosclerosis and guide clinical decision-making for primary prevention of CHD. Studies show conflicting results concerning the relationship between Lp(a) and CAC in asymptomatic populations. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of Lp(a) and CAC in asymptomatic patients.

Methods and results

We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane until April 2023 for studies evaluating the association between Lp(a) and CAC in asymptomatic patients. We evaluated CAC > 0 Agatston units, and CAC ≥ 100. Lp(a) was analysed as a continuous or dichotomous variable. We assessed the association between Lp(a) and CAC with pooled odds ratios (OR) adopting a random-effects model. A total of 23 105 patients from 18 studies were included in the meta-analysis with a mean age of 55.9 years, 46.4% female. Elevated Lp(a) increased the odds of CAC > 0 [OR 1.31; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.05–1.64; P = 0.02], CAC ≥100 (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.01–1.65; P = 0.04; ), and CAC progression (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.20–1.70; P < 0.01; ). For each increment of 1 mg/dL in Lp(a) there was a 1% in the odds of CAC > 0 (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.01–1.01; P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Our findings of this meta-analysis suggest that Lp(a) is positively associated with a higher likelihood of CAC. Higher Lp(a) levels increased the odds of CAC >0. These data support the concept that Lp(a) is atherogenic, although with high heterogeneity and a low level of certainty.

Protocol registration

CRD42023422034

Key findings

Asymptomatic patients with elevated Lp(a) had 31% higher chances of having any coronary calcification (CAC > 0) and 29% higher chances of having more advanced calcification (CAC > 100). It increased the chances of having progression of coronary calcification over time by 43%. For each 1 mg/dL of Lp(a) there was an increment of 1% chance of having coronary calcification.
Genome report: chromosome-scale genome assembly of the West Indian fruit fly Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Sim Sheina B , Congrains Carlos , Velasco-Cuervo Sandra M , Corpuz Renee L , Kauwe Angela N , Scheffler Brian , Geib Scott M
Published: February 2024

The West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua, is a major pest of mango in Central and South America and attacks more than 60 species of host fruits. To support current genetic and genomic research on A. obliqua, we sequenced the genome using high-fidelity long-read sequencing. This resulted in a highly contiguous contig assembly with 90% of the genome in 10 contigs. The contig assembly was placed in a chromosomal context using synteny with a closely related species, Anastrepha ludens, as both are members of the Anastrepha fraterculus group. The resulting assembly represents the five autosomes and the X chromosome which represents 95.9% of the genome, and 199 unplaced contigs representing the remaining 4.1%. Orthology analysis across the structural annotation sets of high quality tephritid genomes demonstrates the gene annotations are robust, and identified genes unique to Anastrepha species that may help define their pestiferous nature that can be used as a starting point for comparative genomics. This genome assembly represents the first of this species and will serve as a foundation for future genetic and genomic research in support of its management as an agricultural pest.
Identification and application of an exocarp-preferential promoter for genetic engineering of tomato fruit
Authors: Ruan Xue-Ming , Xiong Xiangyu , Li Jian-Feng
Published: February 2024

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a globally cultivated crop with great economic value. The exocarp determines the appearance of tomato fruit and protects it from various biotic and abiotic challenges at both pre-harvest and post-harvest stages. However, no tomato exocarp-specific promoter is currently available, which hinders exocarp-based genetic engineering. Here, we identified by RNA sequencing and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analyses that the tomato gene SlPR10 (PATHOGENESIS RELATED 10) was abundantly and predominantly expressed in the exocarp. A fluorescent reporter expressed by a 2087-bp SlPR10 promoter (pSlPR10) was mainly detected in the exocarp of transgenic tomato plants of both Ailsa Craig and Micro-Tom cultivars. This promoter was further utilized for transgenic expression of SlANT1 and SlMYB31 in tomato, which are master regulators of anthocyanin and cuticular wax biosynthesis, respectively. pSlPR10-driven SlANT1 expression resulted in anthocyanin accumulation in the exocarp, conferring gray mold resistance and extended shelf life to the fruit, while SlMYB31 expression led to waxy thickening in the fruit skin, delaying water loss and also extending fruit shelf life. Intriguingly, pSlPR10 and two other weaker tomato exocarp-preferential promoters exhibited coincided expression specificities in the gynophore of transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants, providing not only an inkling of evolutionary homology between tomato exocarp and Arabidopsis gynophore but also useful promoters for studying gynophore biology in Arabidopsis. Collectively, this work reports a desirable promoter enabling targeted gene expression in tomato exocarp and Arabidopsis gynophore and demonstrates its usefulness in genetic improvement of tomato fruit quality.
Relapse Rates With Paliperidone Palmitate in Adult Patients With Schizophrenia: Results for the 6-Month Formulation From an Open-label Extension Study Compared to Real-World Data for the 1-Month and 3-Month Formulations
Authors: Turkoz Ibrahim , Daskiran Mehmet , Siddiqui Uzma , Knight R Karl , Johnston Karen L , Correll Christoph U
Published: February 2024

Background

The 3 paliperidone palmitate (PP) long-acting injectable antipsychotic formulations, PP 1-month (PP1M), PP 3-month (PP3M), and PP 6-month (PP6M), have shown to reduce the risk of relapse in schizophrenia. The current phase-4 study constructed external comparator arms (ECAs) using real-world data for PP3M and PP1M and compared relapse prevention rates with PP6M from an open-label extension (OLE) study in adult patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

PP6M data were derived from a single-arm, 24-month, OLE study (NCT04072575), which included patients with schizophrenia who completed a 12-month randomized, double-blind, noninferiority, phase-3 study (NCT03345342) without relapse. Patients in the PP3M and PP1M ECAs were identified from the IBM® MarketScan® Multistate Medicaid Database based on similar eligibility criteria as the PP6M cohort.

Results

A total of 178 patients were included in each cohort following propensity score matching. Most patients were men (>70%; mean age: 39–41 years). Time to relapse (primary analysis based on Kaplan-Meier estimates) was significantly delayed in the PP6M cohort (P < .001, log-rank test). The relapse rate was lower in the PP6M cohort (3.9%) vs PP3M (20.2%) and PP1M (29.8%) cohorts. Risk of relapse decreased significantly (P < .001) by 82% for PP6M vs PP3M (HR = 0.18 [95% CI = 0.08 to 0.40]), 89% for PP6M vs PP1M (HR = 0.11 [0.05 to 0.25]), and 35% for PP3M vs PP1M (HR = 0.65 [0.42 to 0.99]; P = .043). Sensitivity analysis confirmed findings from the primary analysis. Although the ECAs were matched to mimic the characteristics of the PP6M cohort, heterogeneity between the groups could exist due to factors including prior study participation, unmeasured confounders, variations in data capture and quality, and completeness of clinical information.

Conclusions

In a clinical trial setting, PP6M significantly delayed time to relapse and demonstrated lower relapse rates compared with PP3M and PP1M treatments in real-world settings among adult patients with schizophrenia.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04072575; EudraCT number: 2018-004532-30
To challenge or not to challenge?
Authors: Orkin Michael
Published: February 2024

In any sport, challenging a referee's decision is risky. The challenge process in American football is particularly chaotic, and coaches have just precious seconds in which to decide whether to throw the red challenge flag and gamble their team's fortunes. Can statistics help them? Michael Orkin investigates
Multiple intussusceptions secondary to Peutz–Jegher’s syndrome in an adult male: a case report from Pakistan
Authors: Masood Waniyah , Ahmed Raheel , Fazlani Faizan Ahmed , Shakir Shaheryar , Al Hasibuzzaman Md
Published: February 2024

Intussusception is a medical condition characterized by invagination of the intestinal segment, causing obstruction and leading to potential complications such as ischemia, necrosis and perforation. While paediatric intussusception is well documented with a peak in ages between 4 and 36 months, adult intussusception is a rare condition usually involving a lead point. In this article, we present an uncommon case of an adult male with worsening of his long-standing lower abdominal pain for the last 2 months. Radiological test reports revealed target-like lesions demonstrating two intestinal intussusceptions, for which he underwent a small bowel anastomosis, exploratory laprotomy and resection. On receiving the histopathology report, hamartomatous polyps with features favouring Peutz–Jegher’s syndrome were identified as a possible lead point.
Transoral balloon kyphoplasty in a myeloma patient with painful osseous destruction of the corpus vertebrae axis
Authors: Andresen Julian Ramin , Widhalm Harald , Andresen Reimer
Published: February 2024

Multiple myeloma is the most common primary malignant disease of the spine, which can lead to pathological fractures with consecutive instability and immobilizing pain, due to osseous destruction of individual vertebral bodies. The different surgical care is challenging, although good stabilization should be achieved if possible. The resulting blocking of micro-movements leads to pain minimization. However, this is a symptomatic therapy and does not address the primary disease. In the following, we report on successful transoral balloon kyphoplasty for the treatment of myeloma-related osteolysis with a pathological fracture of vertebral body C2, which led to a significant clinical improvement.
Ruptured internal carotid artery aneurysm following surgery for chronic sinusitis: delayed presentation: a case report
Authors: Al-Domaidat Derar , Jawad Jamal
Published: February 2024

Rupture of internal carotid artery aneurysm has high mortality rate and needs high index of suspicion for immediate management. Massive epistaxis after rupture of aneurysms in the petrous part of internal carotid artery is extremely rare. In this paper, we report the first case of delayed rupture of a petrous carotid aneurysm which developed because of chronic allergic sinusitis.
Incidental deep soft tissue leiomyoma of the groin – a case report and comprehensive review of literature
Authors: Nessenius Falk , Zucal Isabel , Allmann Jürgen-Klaus , Spreitzer Stefan , Marti Regula
Published: February 2024

Leiomyomas are rare, benign tumors arising from smooth muscle cells. Due to the heterogeneous anatomical locations, as well as clinical and radiological findings, early and correct diagnosis is usually tricky. The clinical symptoms depend on the anatomical structure the tumors are compromising by their growth. We present a case of a 53-year-old male patient who suffered from swelling of the right foot and ankle. Initially, arthritis and deep vein thrombosis were ruled out. As the swelling progressed to the entire leg, CT scan was performed showing a tumor compressing the right femoral vein. However, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a biopsy did not show any conclusive findings. Tumor excision was planned and immunohistochemical staining confirmed leiomyoma. The authors conclude that unspecific, progressive symptoms should prompt further investigation and whenever planning a biopsy, a possible malignant finding should be considered and excision of the biopsy canal together with the tumor must be assured.
Radionuclide Angiography
Authors: Port Steven
Published: February 2024

Radionuclide angiography (RNA) has played an important role in the evaluation and management of patients with heart disease, particularly those with CAD, chemotherapy-related heart disease, secondary pulmonary hypertension, and known or suspected intracardiac shunts. Its application has waned over the years, largely due to advances in cardiac ultrasound and cardiac MRI. However, practitioners of nuclear cardiology should continue to advocate for the technology and should train themselves, if necessary, teach others, and apply this robust technique in the appropriate circumstances. To date, no measurement from any other technique has surpassed the power of the first-pass RNA peak exercise LVEF for predicting cardiac death in patients with known or suspected stable CAD. Equilibrium RNA offers the unique, direct relationship between recorded counts in a chamber and the volume of that chamber. It is that relationship that makes ERNA an accurate and reproducible method for assessing systolic and diastolic function. It is considered superior to 2D echo for measuring LVEF and RVEF and should remain a test of choice for patients in whom an exact LVEF is critical, such as those being considered for an implantable defibrillator. Shunt detection and quantitation are strengths of FPRNA, and the study can be performed quickly and inexpensively with little operator interaction. Shunt quantitation is difficult with echocardiography and more time-consuming, more expensive, and less readily available with MRI. This chapter provides the information and references to essential literature that will introduce readers to or refamiliarize them with the rationale, technical aspects, and applications of RNA.
Measurement of Myocardial Blood Flow by SPECT
Authors: Brito Juliana Brenande de Oliveira , Small Gary R. , Ascah Kathryn J. , Wells R. Glenn , Ruddy Terrence D.
Published: February 2024

Stress MPI with SPECT and PET is widely used for diagnosis and determining prognosis in patients with suspected or known CAD. However, a major limitation of MPI is the use of relative perfusion for diagnosis of obstructive CAD and leads to underestimation of the extent of obstructive CAD. However, MBF and MFR can be measured with PET and provide additional diagnostic and prognostic value over relative PET MPI. Similarly, SPECT measurement of MBF may improve the clinical value of SPECT and greatly increase the availability and use of MBF with MPI. The accuracy of CZT SPECT measurement of MBF has been validated in clinical evaluations in patients undergoing coronary angiography and PET imaging. Reduced global stress MBF and MFR can identify the presence of severe MVD. Regional reductions in stress MBF and MFR have high diagnostic accuracy for specific vessel CAD. Reduced global and regional SPECT MFR can predict reduced global and regional PET MFR. SPECT measurement of MBF has good day-to-day repeatability and interobserver variability. We describe the use of SPECT MBF at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, including image acquisition and processing and clinical interpretation of test results with case examples. The clinical use of SPECT MBF is in the early stages of implementation. Protocols including radiotracers, camera systems and software need to be standardized. Multicenter studies are necessary to better define the diagnostic value of CZT SPECT MBF for obstructive CAD and the incremental prognostic value of SPECT MBF measurement compared to relative MPI.