bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agenda Ambiental na Administração Pública (A3P) como instrumento de gestão de inservíveis em Escola Pública Estadual de Salvador, Bahia
Authors: Oliveira Leida Baract de , Marchi Cristina Maria Dacach Fernandez , Rego Filipe Ferreira de Almeida
Published: October 2019

A gestão ambiental é fundamental para o desenvolvimento sustentável e deve contemplar cuidados no gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos (RS) gerados em escolas, considerando os instrumentos de políticas públicas para a viabilização desses processos. Este artigo tem como principal objetivo analisar o papel da Agenda Ambiental na Administração Pública (A3P) como contribuição para se pensar a gestão de materiais inservíveis em escolas públicas estaduais, visando obter elementos para práticas sustentáveis. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, delineado por levantamento fotográfico e observação in loco da disposição e armazenamento de cadeiras e carteiras escolares em uma escola pública. Esta pesquisa documental tem como base legal a Lei nº 12.305/10 e como instrumento principal de análise a Cartilha Agenda Ambiental na Administração Pública (A3P), além da Portaria Conjunta SAEB/SEC, nº 036 de 24 de abril de 2015, que orienta sobre a retirada de bens móveis inservíveis em órgãos públicos. Os resultados apontaram uma gestão ambiental inadequada durante o descarte e a disposição interna de bens móveis escolares. A A3P pode contribuir com elementos para incorporação de princípios sobre responsabilidade socioambiental e práticas ambientais sustentáveis, que incluem a política dos RS e a Educação Ambiental para uma gestão e gerenciamento adequado dos resíduos gerados nas escolas públicas estaduais.
Modelagem e simulação de dados hidrológicos na Bacia do Rio Ibicuí da Armada
Authors: Luiz Thiago Boeno Patricio
Published: October 2019

O uso de modelos hidrológicos é amplamente utilizado para fins de conhecimento dos regimes de vazões em bacias hidrográficas e para dar suporte quando ocorrem falhas nas medições. O presente estudo teve por objetivo calibrar um modelo hidrológico na bacia hidrográfica do rio Ibicuí da Armada no Sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul, a fim de simular seu regime de vazões diários para um período de 250 dias à frente. Utilizou-se o programa WIN_IPH2 para simulação, ajustando parâmetros de otimização através de testes de calibração automática por funções-objetivo e, verificando posteriormente o seu ajuste. As séries diárias foram adquiridas junto ao banco de dados disponibilizado pela Agência Nacional das Águas (ANA) e pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). A função-objetivo que apresentou o melhor ajuste amostral entre as séries foi a função de Desvio Médio Absoluto (DMA), mostrando-se o melhor para representar a Q90 e a Q95. O emprego do software WIN_IPH2 aliado a informações condicionantes dos regimes de vazões mostraram-se bastante úteis para utilização em situações que demandem o conhecimento de disponibilidade hídrica, contribuindo, assim, para a melhora das ações de gestão dos recursos hídricos.
Sustentabilidade em pequenas propriedades: uma proposta educativa
Authors: Figueroa Lucilea Silva de Souza , Moura Ana Carolina de Oliveira Salgueiro de , Neves Jonas Anderson Simões das
Published: October 2019

A sustentabilidade preza pela biodiversidade e diversificação da produção numa mesma área agrícola, que possibilite a otimização do espaço produtivo, com menores impactos ambientais, adequando-se às condições climáticas da região e aos interesses do próprio agricultor. Neste trabalho, buscou-se fazer um levantamento das pesquisas realizadas no Rio Grande do Sul para verificar potencialidades de implementação da diversificação da produção em pequenas propriedades. Para isso foram pesquisados na base de dados Dialnet artigos que discorrem sobre os benefícios da diversificação das produções e suas potencialidades. Por fim, é apresentada uma proposta sustentável a partir do contexto do assentamento de reforma agrária Liberdade no Futuro em Santana do Livramento, no Rio Grande do Sul. Tal proposta foi elaborada com base na Metodologia das Árvores, a qual parte da identificação de causas e consequências de conflitos para planejar soluções que sejam viabilizadas pela própria comunidade.
Sobre ser professor-artista-etc e vice-versa, ou como construir escolas de arte
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Hoff Mônica
Published: October 2019

Entre 1970 e 1974, Allan Kaprow escreveu aqueles que seriam textos seminais para pensar as relações entre arte, filosofia e educação no contexto da arte. Refiro-me aqui à trilogia A educação do an-artista. As partes I e II do texto, publicadas no Brasil nos anos de 1990, têm sido constantemente analisadas, discutidas e atualizadas em debates internacionais sobre as contribuições do artista para os campos da arte e da educação (da arte) há, pelo menos, duas décadas. Sobre a parte III, no entanto, ainda se versa muito pouco. O presente artigo busca, a partir de ponderações feitas por Kaprow nesta última parte da trilogia, e, principalmente, do que ali não está contemplado, refletir e discutir sobre projetos que pensam artisticamente a academia, ou projetos de arte que se apresentam como escolas, e o papel do artista-professor.
DOCÊNCIA E FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES (AS): CENÁRIOS E PERSPECTIVAS
Authors:   UDESC, Souza Alba Regina Battisti de , Martins Filho Lourival José
Published: October 2019

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa sobre a formação docente considerando produções teóricas e políticas voltadas para a formação, mais especificamente o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID). As questões orientadoras são: quais os principais desafios e perspectivas para a docência segundo as produções teóricas em evidência? Como os bolsistas de ID (Iniciação à Docência) percebem as influências do PIBID na sua formação? Quais as relações entre as premissas teóricas e a efetiva contribuição do PIBID na formação dos licenciandos? Trata de um estudo bibliográfico conjugado com análise documental. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, os dados foram discutidos considerando princípios da análise de conteúdo. Dentre as tendências identificadas nas produções teóricas destacam-se: a concepção de docência como uma profissão altamente complexa na qual os professores lidam com interações humanas e situações diversas e adversas nas quais precisam mobilizar saberes, por exemplo, aqueles relacionados à própria experiência; o princípio do “protagonismo docente”, no qual os professores são vistos como sujeitos, autores e mentores da construção de sua identidade profissional traçada ao longo do processo de formação inicial e no exercício da profissão; a relação universidade e instituições escolares numa perspectiva de integração de propostas e projetos de formação. Em vários aspectos há certa consonância entre as produções sobre a formação docente e as vivências dos Bolsistas de ID sobre o Programa, como foi possível identificar nos relatos: propicia uma maior articulação entre teoria e prática; promove um reconhecimento mais aprofundado do contexto escolar e, em especial, da sala de aula; viabiliza a construção de saberes específicos para a prática docente, com crescente autonomia e protagonismo.
Sobre o ensino das artes visuais: o estúdio de pintura como laboratório
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Wosniak Fabio , Lampert Jociele
Published: October 2019

O texto apresenta reflexões sobre o Grupo de Estudos Estúdio de Pintura Apotheke da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - SC, bem como, situa o contexto da Arte como Experiência de acordo com Dewey (2010), e aponta para o lugar da prática artista e prática pedagógica para o artista professor. O Grupo de Estudos Estúdio de Pintura Apotheke, é um Programa de extensão, vinculado ao Grupo de Pesquisa Entre Paisagens CNPq/UDESC. Como Programa de extensão torna-se um laboratório, no sentido que articula vivências, experiências e propostas de ensino/aprendizagem pautadas em pesquisa.
“Agora já sei desenhar!” Ensino de desenho para crianças com deficiência intelectual
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Oleques Liane
Published: October 2019

Neste ensaio será apresentado um recorte da minha pesquisa de doutorado que busca possibilidades de ensino de desenho a crianças com deficiência intelectual, bem como analisa o processo dessa aprendizagem.
APROXIMAÇÕES DA EXPERIÊNCIA ESTÉTICA INTEGRAL: O SABER, O FAZER E O SENTIMENTO ESTÉTICO
Authors:   FURB, Batistti Taíze dos Santos , Heinzle Marcia Regina Selpa
Published: October 2019

Neste artigo busca-se analisar, a partir dos dizeres dos licenciandos do curso de Artes Visuais PARFOR/FURB, aproximações da experiência estética integral (DEWEY, 2010), considerando o saber, o fazer e o sentimento estético. Para tanto, nesta pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa adotou-se como instrumento de geração de dados uma entrevista semi-estruturada com seis licenciandos do curso de Artes Visuais. Como procedimento de análise destas entrevistas, realizou-se uma análise textual discursiva (MORAES; GALIAZZI, 2011). A perspectiva teórica adotada neste estudo está apoiada nas ideias de John Dewey, obra “Arte como experiência”. A partir das análises das entrevistas, foi possível encontrar duas categorias que se relacionam entre si: materiais artísticos e percepção.
NEGOCIAÇÃO E MEDIAÇÃO NAS AULAS DE ARTE
Authors:   IFSC, Weiberg Caroline , Pereira Marcos Villela ,   PUCRS
Published: October 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é explorar algumas considerações acerca da perspectiva das aulas de arte como um laboratório de negociação. Ao trabalhar com objetos, manifestações e imagens repletos de significados e sentidos – as obras de arte e os trabalhos realizados pelos alunos-, coloca-se como uma possibilidade ao professor agir como um mediador, adotando uma postura de negociação. A negociação é entendida como encontros entre obra(s) e sujeito(s) que levem os sujeitos a reverem seus posicionamentos, provocando um novo pensar sobre o que era tido como dado, estabelecendo novas possibilidades para o que poderia já estar fixado. Toma-se como horizonte teórico a hermenêutica filosófica de Hans-Georg Gadamer, que não se aplica enquanto método, mas como teoria da compreensão que explora a dinâmica reflexiva entre o estranho e o familiar, deslocando os horizontes interpretativos dos sujeitos ao passo que produz experiências. Vai no caminho de entendimento da aula de arte como sendo um laboratório de negociação, propiciando situações que possibilitem que os sujeitos operem a partir de uma obra de arte (ou trabalho realizado em aula) e produzam sentido sobre ela. Como os sentidos das coisas não são dados, e sim atribuídos de maneiras distintas por cada sujeito, a atitude negociadora surge para ampliar as possibilidades de relação entre sujeitos e obras.
Entrevista com a Professora Doutora Ana Mae Barbosa
Authors:   Udesc, Wosniak Fábio
Published: October 2019

Entrevista com a Professora Doutora Ana Mae Barbosa, realizada por Fábio Wosniak no ano de 2016 em São Paulo.
Os Escritos de Peciar: notas sobre arte e pedagogia no atelier do Mestre
Authors:   Udesc, Siqueira Juliano
Published: October 2019

Notas sobre experiÊncia: Os Escritos de Peciar: notas sobre arte e pedagogia no atelier do Mestre
Environmental Influences on Sheriff Perceptions and Strategies
Authors: Hancock Katy
Published: October 2019

Scholars generally agree that law enforcement organizations are influenced by the environment. While most research on criminal justice organizations has focused on municipal law enforcement agencies, sheriff agencies are distinct from municipal police agencies for a variety of reasons. As such, sheriff agencies may be uniquely impacted by environmental pressures. In the current study, electronic surveys were sent to sheriffs in 9 states to assess their concern about juvenile trafficking, their perception of environmental groups’ concern, and the agency’s response to juvenile trafficking. Results suggested a complex relationship between environmental groups, respondent perceptions, and agency response. Most notably, sheriffs seemed to view themselves as most in sync with local groups, especially the community. Additionally, rural agencies did seem to be influenced differently by environmental groups than urban and suburban agencies. Future research should study rural agencies and also seek to more deeply understand the complex relationships between the environment and sheriffs.
How to Resolve the Problem of Drago's Four Parameters in the Context of Molecular Interactions
Authors: Tran Ho Nam , Michel Buchmann
Published: October 2019

This study aims to provide a new thermodynamic method for determining the value of Drago's four interaction parameters, namely Ea, Eb, Ca, and Cb (kcal1/2 mol-1/2). The method is based on the following fundamental novelties:
The values of the parameters Ea, Eb, Ca, and Cb are simultaneously determined for seven amphoteric substances. Thus, there are a total of 28 values to be determined, with each set consisting of seven substances. For the seven selected amphoteric substances, there are seven equations of the type:
V∂2h / n = (Ea Eb + Ca Cb)
Next, all possible 2-to-2 combinations of these seven substances are generated. For each 2-to-2 combination, one of the two is selected as a solute (2) and the other as a solvent (1), or vice versa. By measuring the mixing energy, ΔEmix (2.1), of these combinations, the 21 measurements available to extract the energy, ΔEint, of chemical bonds, according to the enclosed Buchmann paper:
ΔEmix (2.1) = (Ea1 Eb2 + Ca1 Cb2) + (Ea2 Eb1 + Ca2 Cb1)
Next, the seven equalities of the type V∂2h / nj = (Eaj Ebj + Caj Cbj) (kJ / mol) with j = 1,7 are put together with 21 equalities of the type ΔEint = (Eaj Ebj+1 + Caj Cbj+1) + (Eaj+1 Ebj + Caj+1 Cbj). This will generate a system comprising 28 equations for 28 unknown parameters. The resolution of this system will afford the 28 sought values of Drago's four parameters Ea, Eb, Ca, Cb for the seven selected substances.
The Antecedent and Consequence of Youth Drug Abusers' Life Satisfaction: Delinquency Behavior as the Mediator
Authors: Mohamad Mahadzirah , Mohammad Morliyati , Salleh Fauzilah , Ghani Mazuri Abd , Ramli Rafazila , Afthanorhan Asyraf
Published: October 2019

The incidents of drug-abuse behavior has escalated especially among youths in Malaysia. The objectives of the study were to ascertain the effects of social support on drug abuse through life satisfaction. Delinquency was treated as the mediating factor on the relationship between life satisfaction and drug-abuse behavior. A survey was conducted among youth addicts getting treatment at rehabilitation centers. A total of 275 questionnaires were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling. Findings revealed that social support had a significant influence on life satisfaction. Delinquency had a full mediating effect on the relationship between life satisfaction and drug abuse. An increase in life satisfaction would reduce delinquency and drug-abuse behavior among youth by enhancing social support assistance. Therefore, rehabilitation programs should be focused on matching the drug dependences' needs for social support to increase the chances of remaining sober and achieving success in ending the cycle of relapse.
Homothetic triangle representations of planar graphs
Authors: Gonçalves Daniel , Lévêque Benjamin , Pinlou Alexandre
Published: October 2019

We prove that every planar graph is the intersection graph of
homothetic triangles in the plane.
Faster algorithms for shortest path and network flow based on graph decomposition
Authors: Kashyop Manas Jyoti , Nagayama Tsunehiko , Sadakane Kunihiko
Published: October 2019

We propose faster algorithms for the maximum flow problem and shortest path problems based on graph decomposition.
Our algorithms first construct indices (data structures) from
a given graph, then use them for solving the problems.
Time complexities of our algorithms depend
on the size of the maximum triconnected component in the graph, say $r$.
Max flow indexing problem is a basic network flow problem, which consists
of two phases. In a preprocessing phase we construct an index and
in a query phase we process the query using the index.
We can solve all pairs maximum flow problem and minimum cut problem
using the indices.
Our algorithms run faster than known algorithms if $r$ is small.
The maximum flow problem can be solved in $\mathcal{O}(nr)$ time,
which is faster than the best known $\mathcal{O}(nm)$ algorithm [Orlin, STOC 2013]
if $r = o(m)$, where $n$ and $m$ are the numbers of vertices and edges in the given network,
respectively. Distance oracle problem is a basic problem in shortest path, consisting of two phases. In preprocessing phase we construct index and in query phase we use the index to find shortest path between two vertices. We use these indices to solve single source shortest path and all pair shortest path problems. If the given graph is undirected and all the weights are non-negative integers, then our algorithm finds shortest path between two vertices in $\mathcal{O}(m)$ time. If the given graph is directed or the weights are non-negative real numbers then our algorithm finds shortest path between two vertices in $\mathcal{O}(m + n \log r)$ time. If the edge weights are real numbers (i.e some of the weights are negative) then our algorithm finds shortest path between two vertices in $\mathcal{O}(m + nr)$ time.
Hackathon Almanzora Comparte: nos gustan los retos!
Authors: Sanz Martos Sandra
Published: October 2019

Después de tres ediciones de la Jornada Almanzora Comparte, donde hemos aprendido cómo compartir conocimiento y experiencias, llega el momento de poner en práctica dichos aprendizajes. Para ello, nos hemos propuesto utilizar la dinámica de la hackatón. ¡Todo un reto!
DORA, la exploradora de la calidad científica en la UOC
Authors: Riera Clara , Aranda Dani
Published: October 2019

Gran parte, por no decir la totalidad, de las políticas universitarias y de las diferentes agencias de calidad utilizan insistentemente el factor de impacto para evaluar la calidad de los investigadores y las investigadoras, así como de los grupos de investigación, para medir su productividad y/o para conceder las diferentes acreditaciones, aumentos de categoría o financiación.
Tras la pista de “terribles veranos” y “copiosas lluvias”. Elementos para una historia climática del territorio colombiano
Authors: Mora Pacheco Katherinne
Published: October 2019

Objective/Context: The objective of this article is to aid historians who are interested in recovering the climate history of the current Colombian territory, in their explanations and research about climate and weather factors. Methodology: In order to face the lack of quantitative records, this paper shows some alternatives such as looking for signs from indirect sources, the contrast of sources, series-making, and detection of teleconnections. Originality: It shows the potential of documentary sources, it synthesizes methodological problems and it exemplifies a few ways to solve them based on a research about the Cundiboyacense Plateau in the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century. Conclusions: The research agenda includes the exploration of new archives, climate history on a regional scale, the study of perceptions about weather even using quantitative records, and the exploration of the relationship climate-society during political struggle.
Tenofovir dan Gangguan Fungsi Ginjal pada HIV
Authors: Hustrini Ni Made
Published: October 2019

Pasien dengan infeksi HIV memiliki risiko untuk terjadinya gangguan fungsi ginjal, baik akut maupun kronik. Gangguan ginjal yang banyak dikenal terjadi pada infeksi HIV adalah HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Namun, dengan semakin meluasnya dan semakin dini-nya pemakaian obat antiretroviral (antiretroviral therapy/ART), insiden HIVAN dilaporkan semakin menurun.
DeepFly3D, a deep learning-based approach for 3D limb and appendage tracking in tethered, adult Drosophila
Authors: Günel Semih , Rhodin Helge , Morales Daniel , Campagnolo João , Ramdya Pavan , Fua Pascal
Published: October 2019

Studying how neural circuits orchestrate limbed behaviors requires the precise measurement of the positions of each appendage in three-dimensional (3D) space. Deep neural networks can estimate two-dimensional (2D) pose in freely behaving and tethered animals. However, the unique challenges associated with transforming these 2D measurements into reliable and precise 3D poses have not been addressed for small animals including the fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we present DeepFly3D, a software that infers the 3D pose of tethered, adult Drosophila using multiple camera images. DeepFly3D does not require manual calibration, uses pictorial structures to automatically detect and correct pose estimation errors, and uses active learning to iteratively improve performance. We demonstrate more accurate unsupervised behavioral embedding using 3D joint angles rather than commonly used 2D pose data. Thus, DeepFly3D enables the automated acquisition of Drosophila behavioral measurements at an unprecedented level of detail for a variety of biological applications.
Physiological and gene transcription assays to assess responses of mussels to environmental changes
Authors: Counihan Katrina L. , Bowen Lizabeth , Ballachey Brenda , Coletti Heather , Hollmen Tuula , Pister Benjamin , Wilson Tammy L.
Published: October 2019

Coastal regions worldwide face increasing management concerns due to natural and anthropogenic forces that have the potential to significantly degrade nearshore marine resources. The goal of our study was to develop and test a monitoring strategy for nearshore marine ecosystems in remote areas that are not readily accessible for sampling. Mussel species have been used extensively to assess ecosystem vulnerability to multiple, interacting stressors. We sampled bay mussels (Mytilus trossulus) in 2015 and 2016 from six intertidal sites in Lake Clark and Katmai National Parks and Preserves, in south-central Alaska. Reference ranges for physiological assays and gene transcription were determined for use in future assessment efforts. Both techniques identified differences among sites, suggesting influences of both large-scale and local environmental factors and underscoring the value of this combined approach to ecosystem health monitoring.
HIF inhibitor topotecan has a neuroprotective effect in a murine retinal ischemia-reperfusion model
Authors: Kunimi Hiromitsu , Miwa Yukihiro , Katada Yusaku , Tsubota Kazuo , Kurihara Toshihide
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The therapeutic approach for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration has not been fully established. Recently, it has been reported that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) may be involved with retinal neurodegeneration. In this study, we investigated neuroprotective effects of a HIF inhibitor against RGC degeneration induced in a murine model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).

Methods

Eight-weeks-old male C57/BL6J mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of a HIF inhibitor topotecan (1.25 mg/kg) for 14 days followed by a retinal I/R procedure. Seven days after the I/R injury, the therapeutic effect was evaluated histologically and electrophysiologically.

Results

The increase of HIF-1α expression and the decrease of retinal thickness and RGC number in I/R were significantly suppressed by administration of topotecan. Impaired visual function in I/R was improved by topotecan evaluated with electroretinogram and visual evoked potentials.

Conclusions

Topotecan administration suppressed HIF-1a expression and improved RGC survival resulting in a functional protection against retinal I/R. These data indicated that the HIF inhibitor topotecan may have therapeutic potentials for RGC degeneration induced with retinal ischemia or high intraocular pressure.
Isolation and Partial Characterization of 2-Deoxy-D-glucose Resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain from Fruits Harvested in Yamagata, Japan
Authors: Nagai Takeshi , Nakagawa Tomoyuki , Kai Norihisa , Tanoue Yasuhiro , Suzuki Nobutaka
Published: October 2019

Aims: The study aimed to isolate and characterize 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae from fruits to establish distinctive bread making technology using wild-type yeasts in the future.

Study Design: The research was conducted experimentally.

Place and Duration of Study: Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan, from April 2015 to March 2019.

Methodology: Wild-type yeasts with 2-DG resistance were isolated using the following experiments: 1. Separation by yeast nitrogen base-maltose plate medium, 2. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and ethanol production tests, 3. Leavening ability tests using bread doughs, 4. Sequence analysis. The identified yeast strain was used for freezing and drying torelance tests. Moreover, it tried to improve drying tolerance of yeasts.

Results: Yeasts were separated from twenty varieties of five fruits species. Among them, a yeast strain (YTPR1) isolated from pear Redbartllet fruits was identified as S. cerevisiae. YTPR1 possessed high fermentation ability and freezing tolerance, however, CO2 and ethanol production decreased after lyophilization of yeasts. In contrast, the cultivation with trehalose, glycerol, and L-glutamic acid at low concentration enhanced the fermentation ability of YTPR1.

Conclusion: Yeast YTPR1 isolated from pear Redbartllet fruits utilized maltose as well as glucose, fructose, and sucrose. To improve drying tolerance of yeast YTPR1, it was useful to incubate with 6% trehalose, 0.1-2.0% glycerol and 1.0% L-glutamic acid.
Perceived Constraints of Return Migrated Rural Youths in Agripreneurship Development
Authors: Parameswaranaik J. , Jha Sujeet Kumar , Meena H. R. , Manu H. A.
Published: October 2019

‘Return Migration’ is defined as the “voluntary movement of migrants back to their place of origin”. It is the logical consequences of the successful achievement of all migration-related goals and targets.  Return migration has been becoming a very common phenomenon in rural areas; and it may be due to factors like insecurity feeling in urban areas and lack of freedom in working place, opportunities created under schemes like MGNAREGA in rural areas and other family-related issues. When youths returned to their place of origin (Rural areas) they may not have much alternative to taking up as an occupation other than agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood, in this process the return migrated rural youths had faced and/or perceived many constraints in agripreneurship development. In present study 180 return migrated rural youths of southern India were purposively selected, constraints were operationalized as all the factors, such as social, psychological, economic, technical, marketing and infrastructural which obstruct the youths to take up agriprenuership. For measuring constraints, “Garrett’s Ranking Technique” was used. The salient findings were low social recognition in the agriculture business (62.21), Lack of technical guidance in scientific cultivation (61.50), Lack of proper market intelligence (65.79) and Lack of awareness of different funding schemes and their procedures (59.91), etc. were the major constraints perceived by the return migrated rural youths in the study area. Hence promotion and recognition of rural youths in agriculture and allied activities would apparently motivate the youths more dynamically, in agripreneurship development.
Assessment of Levels of Some Metals in Water and Fish from Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Dabak J. D. , Dabal L. J. , Jakwa A. G. , Ajiji E. A.
Published: October 2019

Aim: This study was designed to assess the levels of chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) in water and fish to monitor the toxicity risk of consuming these fish.

Place and Duration of Studies: The water and fish samples were obtained from Farin gada river, Liberty Dam, Dahwol-Tohort and Diye-Tohort mining ponds, all within Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria, between March and April, 2018.

Methodology: Water and six fish species samples were collected from four different locations, digested and analysed using Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, model 210VGP.

Results: Farin gada river had all the four metals studied in varying concentrations in the following order Mn>Ni>Co>Cr with Mn having the highest mean concentration of 0.4133±0.0100 mg/L. The concentrations of the metals in the other three sources were in the order of Ni>Co>Cr with Mn not detected. Cr also was not detected in Lamingo Dam. The concentrations of Mn and Ni in all the water sources were higher than the World Health Organisation (WHO) maximum permissible limits of 0.05 mg/L and 0.06 mg/L respectively. Petrocephalus bovei recorded the highest mean concentrations of Mn and Ni, while Co was highest in Clarias gariepinus species. The concentrations of these metals in the head, body and gills of the fish species showed that the head of Petrocephalus bovei species had the highest concentrations of all the metals except chromium. Fish species from other water sources exhibited the same general pattern of Head˃gill˃body except Co which was found to accumulate more in the body than in other parts of the fish.

Conclusion: The results showed that there was biomagnification of these metals from water to the fish as the concentration of the metals in the fish far exceeded those of the water sources from which they were obtained and Petrocephalus bovei species has the highest potential to biomagnified all the metals.
Selection of Second Order Models’ Design Using D-, A-, E-, T- Optimality Criteria
Authors: Mwangi Wangui Patrick , Anapapa Ayubu , Otieno Argwings
Published: October 2019

There are numerous designs for fitting second order models that can be used in conjunction with the response surface methodology (RSM) technique in optimization processes, be it in agriculture, industries and so on. Some of the designs include the equiradial, Notz, San Cristobal, Koshal, Hoke, Central Composite and Factorial designs. However, RSM can only be applied in conjunction with a single design at a time. This research aimed at choosing a design out of the most widely employed designs for fitting 2nd order models involving 3 factors for optimization of French beans in conjunction with the RSM technique. The most commonly used designs for second order models were first identified as Box-Behnken designs, Hoke D2 and Hoke D6 designs, 3k factorial designs, CCD face centred, CCD rotatable and CCD spherical. Design matrices for these 7 designs were formed and augmented with 5 centre points (chosen through lottery methods), and information and optimal design matrices were formed. Then, for each design, the analysis of D-, A- E-, T- optimality (D-Determinant, A-Average Variance, E-Eigen Value and T-Trace) was carried out according to Pukelsheim’s definitions. The results were ranked for each criterion and the ranks corresponding to each design were averaged. The design chosen was Hoke D2 with the least average- 1.75. The Hoke D2 was found to be optimal in minimizing the variance of prediction and the most economical design among the seven. The findings are in agreement with other researchers and scientist that a design may be optimal in one criterion but fails in another criterion. Further, Hoke designs are in the class of the economical designs. It is recommended that more optimality criteria be applied and a wide range of designs be involved to see whether the results would still agree with these findings.
Forecasting Oil Consumption with Novel Fractional Grey Prediction Model Based on Simpson Formula
Authors: Xiang Xiwang , Zhang Peng , Yu Lang
Published: October 2019

With the development of human society, the evolving transition of energy will become a common challenge that mankind has to face together. In this context, it is crucial to make scientific and reasonable predictions about energy consumption. This paper presents a novel fractional grey prediction model FGM(1,1,k2) based on the classical fractional grey system theory. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of the FGM(1,1,k2) model, we further analyze the model error and propose improved grey model called as SFGM with optimization of background value. The numerical cases point out that SFGM(1,1,k2) significantly outperforms other existing fractional grey models. Finally, the proposed SFGM(1,1,k2) is applied to the forecasting of oil consumption, the predicted results would provide a reference for making energy policy in new situations.
Manner of Ethiopian Dairy Products Processing and Their Nutritional and Health Importance
Authors: Mohammed Jemal
Published: October 2019

Dairy products play a vital role in human nutrition and protecting against numerous diseases. Understanding the meticulous characteristics of traditionally processed dairy products as well as appropriate examination of the indigenous processing steps are important in order to vouch for suitable manufacturing procedure and protocols for commercialization. In Ethiopia, fortunately, some evidence is available on the general characteristics and processing practices of traditional dairy products nevertheless a few data is available about their role in human nutrition and health. Therefore, the objective of this review was to assess and compile information on processing of traditional dairy products in Ethiopia and their nutritional and health benefits. Ergo, ayib , arera,  kibe, neter kibe, aguat, ititu, and dhanaan are the major dairy products encompassed in this review.
Effect of Combination Therapy of Garcinia kola Seed and Vitamin E in Acetaminophen Induced Hepatotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Albino Rats
Authors: Waribo H. A. , Bartimaeus E. S. , Nduka N. , Nwanjo H. U.
Published: October 2019

Acetaminophen, used for antipyretic and analgesic purposes has been known to exhibit   toxic effects on the organs because of its ability to generate free radicals, causing varieties of diseases. This study investigated the impact of the combined formed of Garcinia kola seed and Vitamin E pretreatment exposure on hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by acetaminophen in Albino Rats. Five groups of animals were used for this study. Group 1 as the control received distilled water orally only, group 2 as toxicity control intoxicated with 800 mg acetaminophen intraperitoneally. The other three groups were pretreated with various doses of either Garcinia kola seed extract or vitamin E or a combined form respectively by oral gavage method for 7 days before induction with acetaminophen intraperitoneally on the 8th day and sacrificed under chloroform anaethesia. Acetaminophen induction significantly rise (p<0.05) the hepatic enzyme levels (ALT, AST, and ALP) and a marked reduction of the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPX) in group 2 animals when compared with the control. There was also a significant rise (p<0.05) in the MDA levels. Meanwhile the combined form of Garcinia kola seed extract and Vitamin E pretreatment exposure on the organs showed no synergetic ameliorative potentials as compared with the single pretreatment exposure with Garcinia kola and Vitamin E respectively. The morphology of the tissue cells pretreated with these combined formed exhibited features showing signs of cell damages and slow recovery from the toxicity. Therefore combining Garcinia kola and Vitamin E may lost its ameliorative and protective effect as seen in this induced acetaminophen albino rats implying that Garcinia kola seed and Vitamin E should not be taken in a combined form.
Quantifying Effects of Selected Soil Fertility Management Techniques on Water Use Efficiency in the Central Highlands of Kenya
Authors: Etemesi Beryl , Ngetich Felix K. , Kiboi Milka N. , Zeila Abdi , Adamtey Noah , Mugendi Daniel N.
Published: October 2019

Declining rainfall distribution and variability lead to low soil moisture amounts and high evapotranspiration rates reducing water use efficiency that negatively affects crop productivity. Various soil fertility management techniques have been put in place to improve soil fertility status, but there is little attempt to asses their effects on water use efficiency and grain yields. The overall objective of the study was to quantify the effects of soil fertility management techniques on water use efficiency in the Central Highlands of Kenya. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design with fourteen treatments replicated four times. Treatments were sole mineral fertilizer (Rf), crop residues + mineral fertilizer (RMf), crop residues + mineral fertilizer + animal manure (RMfM), crop residue + Tithonia diversifolia + animal manure (RTiM), crop residue + Tithonia diversifolia + rock phosphate (RTiP). Data on yield and water use efficiency was analysed using statistical analysis systems software version 9.2 at P=0.05. We observed significant (P<.0001) effect of the treatment on biomass water use efficiency during the short rains 2017, however, there was no significant effect of the treatments on grain water use efficiency because of the frequent dry spells that occurred during the study period. Soil fertility management techniques had a significant effect on grain yield at P<.0001 during the study period. Yields increased significantly (P<0001) under Rf, RMf, RMfM RTiM and RTiP by 90, 110, 120, and 176%, respectively. Water use efficiency also increased significantly under Rf, RMf, RMfM RTiM and RTiP by 200, 140, 180, 129, and 176%, respectively compared to the control. From the study, the combination of organic inputs and mineral fertilisers enhanced water use efficiency and yield hence provides a preferred practise for improved water use efficiency and yield increase.
Soil Organic Carbon and Acid Phosphatase Enzyme Activity Response to Phosphate Rock and Organic Inputs in Acidic Soils of Central Highlands of Kenya in Maize
Authors: Omenda J. A. , Ngetich K. F. , Kiboi M. N. , Mucheru-Muna M. W. , Mugendi D. N.
Published: October 2019

Aims: To evaluate the effects of phosphate rock and organic inputs on soil organic carbon and acid phosphatase activity.

Study Design: The experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design with seven treatments replicated thrice.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Kigogo Primary school in Meru South Sub-county, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. The experiment ran for two consecutive seasons the short rains of 2017 (October to December) and long rains of 2018 (March through June).

Methodology: There were seven treatments replicated thrice. The treatments included Tithonia diversifolia, Phosphate rock (PR), Goat manure, Tithonia diversifolia + Phosphate rock, Goat manure + Phosphate rock, Triple superphosphate + Calcium ammonium nitrate and a Control (no soil external inputs). The test crop was maize (Zea mays L.) H516 variety. Soil organic carbon followed modified Walkley and Black oxidation method while acid phosphatase enzyme activity was essayed following the method by Tabatabai and Bremner.

Results: Goat manure + phosphate rock, sole phosphate rock and use of goat manure significantly (P= .0001) increased soil organic carbon by 198, 100 and 71% compared to the control. Tithonia diversifolia reported a 3.4-fold increase in soil organic carbon compared to the control in short rains of 2017. Goat manure gave higher soil organic carbon by 135% compared to the control in the long rains of 2018. Goat manure + phosphate rock treatment significantly (P= .0002) increased the phosphatase activity by a difference of 1.12% compared with the control, with 2.14% decreases under TSP+CAN treatment compared to the control.

Conclusion: The results showed that integration of phosphate rock and manure could have a far-reaching influence on soil organic carbon and acid phosphatase activity thus could be recommended for improved soil productivity in humic nitisols in similar agro-ecological zones.
Oscillation Criteria for a Class of Third-Order Dierential Equations with Neutral Term
Authors: Zhao Yu-Ping
Published: October 2019

This paper is concerned with oscillation criteria for a class of third-order differential equations with neutral term by using some necessary analysis techniques, some sucient conditions for oscillation are obtained, some examples are provided to illustrate the main results.
Pregnancy Outcome of ART-experienced and ART-naïve HIV-infected Mothers at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Ugwu R. O. , Paul N. I. , Eneh A. U.
Published: October 2019

Background: Untreated maternal Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome including preterm birth, low birth weight, and mother-to-child transmission of the virus. This study aimed to compare the pregnancy outcome between HIV infected mothers who received ART in pregnancy and those who were ART-naïve.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of HIV-infected mothers who brought their infants for follow up between November 2007 and May 2017 at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Relevant information obtained include: time of diagnosis, antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen and when it was commenced, gestational age at delivery and birthweight of child, mode of delivery, infant feeding option and ARV prophylaxis. Infection status of the infant was determined by DNA PCR at 6weeks of age. Based on when ART was commenced, mothers were grouped into three [(HAART experienced (HE) if ART was started before pregnancy, HAART in pregnancy (HIP) and HAART naive (NH) if no HAART was taken in pregnancy]. Main outcome measures were rates of prematurity, low birth weight, mean birth weight, birth defects and mother-to-child transmission.

Result: A total of 1,640 HIV-exposed infants were seen (716(43.6%) in HE, 360(22.0%) in HIP and 564(34.4%) in NH groups). There were 825(50.3%) males and 815(49.7%) females. Zidovudine/Lamivudine and Nevirapine/Efavirenz was the most frequently used combined ART in 724 (67.3%) mothers. The mean birthweight was 3.12±0.38Kg; range 1.2 – 5.7Kg (3.11±0.58Kg in HE; 3.13±0.53Kg in HIP; 3.18±0.74Kg in NH) Table 3. A hundred and eighty (11.0%) babies were preterm [76(42.2%) in HE; 26(14.4%) in HIP; 78(43.3%) in NH](p=0.007), while 159(9.7%) were LBW [74(46.5%) in HE; 22(13.8%) in HIP; 63(39.6%) in NH](p=0.03). Fourteen (0.9%) babies had birth defects [5(35.7%) in HE; 9(64.3%) in HIP] (p=0.01). The commonest birth defects were neural tube defect 7(50%) and congenital heart defect 4(28.8%). Overall transmission rate was 21.4% [8% in the HE, 4.5% in HIP and 87.5% in NH groups] (p=0.001). The mean birth weights of uninfected babies were higher than their infected counterparts but was not significant (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The benefits of early HAART in reducing mother-to-child transmission must be weighed against the risks of lower birthweight and potential teratogenic effects of drug exposure on the foetus.
Remote Sensing and GIS Contribution for Groundwater Mapping Reservoirs in the Baya Watershed (Eastern Region of Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Mangoua M. J. , Kouassi K. A. , Douagui G. A. , Savané I. , Biémi J.
Published: October 2019

This study is carried out in the Baya watershed in the eastern region of Côte d'Ivoire to highlight access to drinking water issue in the fratured areas of Côte d'Ivoire. It aims at mapping the groundwater reservoirs to optimize the future installment of new boreholes for a satisfactory success rate. For the methodological approach we use Landsat 7 satellite images to map fracture networks with the use of the directional filtering technique. The induced permeabilities from these fractures were calculated using Fanciss’s method. The multicriteria analysis and Hydrogeological Information System with Spatial Reference were adopted to map groundwater reservoirs. Structural mapping by remote sensing permitted the development of detailed fractures maps with more than 6,998 listed fractures responsible for the formation of fracture aquifers in the Baya watershed. The size of these fractures is spread over two orders of magnitude. The main orientations are NE-SO (N70-80), corresponding to the Eburnean orientations, E-O (N90-100) and NO-SE (N100-120), associated with the Liberian orientation.

Induced permeabilities vary from 1.20.10-8 to 4.62.10-5 m/s with a regional average of about 5.32.10-6 m/s. The zones with strong induced permeabilities that coincide with those of high fracturing densities brought us to have five reservoirs in the basin, with two large reservoirs, two media and three small ones. This groundwater flows into the mainstream waters from two main directions.
Petrology and Geochemistry of Hama Koussou Dolerite Dyke Swarms (North Cameroon, Central Africa)
Authors: Aminatou Fagny Mefire , Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff , Faarouk Nkouandou Oumarou , D’Aquin Lika Gbeleng Thomas , Samira Ngougoure Mouansie
Published: October 2019

The Pan African granitoid basement of Hama Koussou Cretaceous half basin in North Cameroun (Central Africa) is transected by near N-S, NE-SW and ENE-WSW giant doleritic dykes trending along the same Pan African directions. Hama Koussou dolerites are compliant with the regional distension that occurred after the Pan African basement consolidation prior to the development of West and Central African Rift System at Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous times. Studied lavas are composed of large clinopyroxene oïkocrysts, plagioclase and alkali feldspar laths and oxides phenocrysts exhibiting ophitic, sub-ophitic and intercertal textures. Microprobe chemical analyses carry out on the main mineral phases show that clinopyroxenes are diopside and augite, plagioclases are labradorite, andesine, oligoclase and albite and alkali feldspars are mainly sanidine with a few percent of orthoclase. ICP-MS and ICP-AES geochemical analyses of Hama Koussou lavas exhibit basalt, basaltic trachyandesite and trachyandesite compositions of continental tholeiite features. Tholeiite basalts of Hama Koussou are the results of high partial melting of E-MORB mantle source of spinel lherzolite composition, located at 65-55 km depth. More evolved tholeiite lavas of Hama Koussou basin are the products of tholeiite basalt differentiation trough assimilation and fractional crystallization coupled with fluids circulation.
The Role of Urban Planning in Solar Energy
Authors: Yelmen B. , Şahin H. H. , Çakir M. T.
Published: October 2019

Since the last quarter of the 20th-century technological advances and energy production and consumption processes in Parallel with the increasing urbanization of the world's energy demand, however, it raises ecological problems. Since the nineties, reducing the pressure on the ecological balance of the city planning approach for more efficient and livable cities has been launched. The most important determinant of the country's socio-economic structure and physical development, energy supply and consumption. In this case, the relationship is associated with creased urbanization, urban planning and energy consumption is the main source reveals the well should be constructed. This study covers and sample applications that may pose the importance of Solar Energy in Urban Planning. In this context, local government, the community embraced the energy efficiency in buildings and urban transport are the most important position on the adoption of effective measures. Locations in energy efficiency measures and costs can be reduced, local employment can be increased, reduced local and global pollution, energy dependence can be reduced and improved social living conditions. Mainly by analyzing the environmental impact of this potential assessed under the vehicle and building technology, it is important to be transferred to the urban planning process.