bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
مرثیہ کی روایت میں دکن کا کردار
Authors: Dr. Azaadar Hussain*  , Dr. Tahir Hussain
Published: February 2025

One of the reasons for the influx and concentration of Iranians in the Deccan was the trade from Iran to India. After the emergence of the Bahmani Empire, the Iranians who came here not only settled here, but also brought their own customs and culture. They brought along his beliefs, which included their attachment and devotion to Hazrat Imam Hussain, and which they must have been expressing in a covert manner, if not overtly. However, it can be said that in view of all these things, they may have started mourning ceremonies soon.   From the study of the history of elegies, it is revealed that the practice of mourning and elegies started in the Deccan, if not before, certainly from the reign of Ahmad Shah Bahmani. When the Bahmani Empire fell, three kingdoms in particular got a chance to become independent.  These included the states or kingdoms of Bijhapur, Ahmednagar and Golconda.
Key Words: Elegy, Iranians ,Bahmani Empire, Deccan
Mustafa Zaidi's Couplet
Authors: Dr. Raheela Kaousar  , Dr. Saima Ali
Published: February 2025

Mustafa Zaidi, a renowned Urdu poet, is celebrated for his distinctive style of *Qataa' (couplet) writing. His poetry, rich in both classical and modern influences, explores profound themes of love, philosophy, and human existence. Zaidi's *Qataa' reflects a deep intellectual engagement with life's complexities, often combining the aesthetic elegance of traditional poetry with contemporary sensibilities. His mastery of language, coupled with an ability to evoke deep emotions and intricate thoughts in a concise form, has made his work highly admired in literary circles. This paper aims to examine the unique characteristics of Mustafa Zaidi's *Qataa' writing, analyzing his thematic focus, stylistic features, and the impact of his work on modern Urdu poetry.
Keywords: Mustafa Zaidi, Urdu poetry, Qataa', couplet writing, modern Urdu literature, intellectual themes, poetic style, emotional depth, literary analysis.
Alif Laila in Arabic Literature: A Study
Authors: Saqlain Ahmad Khan (Saqlain Sarfraz)  , Abid Hussain
Published: February 2025

Alif Laila is as popular in the Arabic language as Homer's epics in world classical literature. In this story, the story of a lustful king and an intelligent storyteller is presented. In this story, Greek, A mixture of Egyptian and Babylonian stories is seen. A French orientalist named Antoine Gland found the source of this story and translated it into French, which made this story universally accepted.It was first translated into English by Edward W. Lane, but the authentic translation is believed to be by Richard Burton. It was translated into Urdu by various translators as "Alif Laila Al-Ma'roof Ba Hazar Dastan". Some of the characters in this story are fictional, some history. In view of this story, it has also been filmed. The first film was "The Thief of Bagdad".Films were released under the name of "Hatam Tai" in India, "Hazar Dastan" in Pakistan. According to some researchers, this story is derived to some extent from the literary heritage of Hindi and then Iran, rather than Arabic.
Keywords : Alif Laila, Arabic Literature, World Classics, Orientalists, Characteristics.
اشفاق احمد کے کرداروں میں نسوانی نفسیات ،اور داخلیت کا بہترین امتزاج ایک محبت سو افسانے ،صبحانے فسانے اور پھلکاری مجموعوں کےمرکزی و ضمنی ،نسوانی کردار تنقیدی تجزیہ
Authors: Saira Bano  , Zee Hasham Haider  , Dr. Muhammad Shakil Pitafi
Published: February 2025

Ashfaq ahmad is a reliable reference in Urdu fiction . Through his pen, he has also effectively interprete the values associated with his soil along with global topics. They know the permanent skill of mixing the story with in the original culture an connecting it to the mind and heart with the real background. There are the qualities that link the art of Urdu fiction writing to the tradition o globalization and modernity. They know the art o easily getting  into the spirit o the character at the base of the story wit all the essentials  of  the genre of fiction . In this Article, a critical analysis of this aspect has also been taken into consideration that Ashfaq ahmaed has paid special attention to the psychology of all kinds of characters along with the story in his fiction , the structure of the story atmosphere , and detailing . The vision is Far.reaching. He is sensation , pained and reformed writer, such a creator captres the underbelly of life by touching the strings of  the characters soul, where they ave focued on the central male roles of the society, the psychology of women, her fragilitg , her interal state and te changing attitudes of time , the psy desires of womens under the social values and her natural rigts are valed. References have been made by himself. Ashfaq ahmad has considered the instinct of nature and human psychi in character formation . The tre prespective is full of colors. He presents the argument of the purity of love an innocence according to the nature of the femnisim and  female charaters, the truth of feelings and emotions, as the reality of truth, in which there is no negative values, greed , envy, or self. Pity . love repeats the rhythmic melody of breats for the acknowledgment and confirmation in every soul. Beloved and loved once togather form the strings of this melodious beat. In tis article, it is highlighted that in fact Ashfaq ahmed gives a clear message on the surface of the story , we should value our story , we should value our innocent relationships regarless of their likes and dislikes . The objects and values associated wit things should be cherishe . It strengthens , tenderness emerges from feeling. Relationships always nee expression.
Key words: Reliable, Effectively, Values, Soil, Culture, Qualities, Fiction, Globalization, Essentials , Atmosphere,  Structure, Acknowledgment, Femnisim
A Brief Analysis of Modern Urdu Nazm and Linguistic Structures
Authors: Dr. Saima Sajjad  , Dr.Parveen Kallu  , Saddique
Published: February 2025

The revolution of Urdu Nazm refers to the significant transformations and developments that took place in this form of poetry over the years. It was heavily influenced by Persian poetry, with many poets adopting Persian forms, themes, and literary devices.Poets like Mirza Ghalib and Momin Khan Momin experimented with new forms, such as the ghazal and the nazm. Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Josh Malihabadi, and Majaz were influenced by Marxist and socialist ideologies, which reflected in their poetry.Then Urdu Nazm began to focus on social justice, equality, and freedom, with poets using their work as a form of resistance against colonialism and oppression. Ahmed Faraz, Parveen Shakir, and Iftikhar Arif experimented with new forms, language, and themes, pushing the boundaries of traditional Urdu Nazm.thats why Urdu Nazm began to explore themes of individualism, personal freedom, and existentialism. In Contemporary Trends Urdu Nazm became more diverse, with poets exploring a wide range of themes, styles, and forms.its also Increased Focus on Identity, Culture, and Politics. Contemporary Urdu Nazm often engages with issues of identity, culture, and politics, reflecting the complexities of modern life. The revolution of Urdu Nazm has been shaped by various social, cultural, and literary factors, transforming it into a rich and dynamic form of poetry that continues to evolve and thrive.
Key Words: Urdu Nazm, Persian Poetry, Mirza Ghalib, Momin Khan Momin, Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Josh Malihabadi, Culture and Politics, Social justice, Equality and freedom, Contemporary Trends Individualism, Personal freedom, Existentialism, Literary Factors, Dynamic form of poetry.
O processo de institucionalização da Pesquisa Educacional e seu papel no desenvolvimento profissional docente
Authors: Capocasale Bruno Alejandra
Published: February 2025

Este artigo apresenta os primeiros resultados da pesquisa de pós-doutorado do autor, iniciada em setembro de 2023 sob a direção do Dr. Juan Piovani na FaHCE-UNLP, na Argentina. A pesquisa se refere ao processo de institucionalização da Pesquisa Educacional como uma disciplina das Ciências da Educação e seu papel no desenvolvimento profissional dos professores no Uruguai. As seguintes perguntas são relevantes tanto para o problema da pesquisa quanto para a natureza do objeto teórico-empírico selecionado: É possível fazer referência a um processo de institucionalização da Pesquisa Educacional como disciplina científica no campo das Ciências da Educação? Em termos de práxis educacional, que papel os professores atribuem à Pesquisa Educacional no desenvolvimento de seu trabalho docente e na estruturação de seu cargo de professor? O processo de investigação teórica baseia-se em uma análise a partir de uma abordagem hermenêutica ontológica, epistemológica e metodológica, enquadrada em uma abordagem sócio-histórica. Quanto à abordagem metodológica empírica, apresentamos os avanços na análise do método narrativo para professores de referência na formação nacional de professores. Dessa forma, a partir das vozes dos atores diretamente envolvidos, procuramos tornar visível como o desenvolvimento e a promoção da Pesquisa Educacional podem dar a possibilidade de gestação de uma comunidade crítica, autônoma e autogerida de professores.
Instituições e Direito na América Portuguesa: breve contextualização sobre a constituição do aparato administrativo e jurídico no Brasil Colonial
Authors: Reis Thiago S.
Published: February 2025

A proposta do presente texto é de articular a construção do aparato administrativo e jurídico no Brasil Colônia com os interesses da Coroa Portuguesa e a realidade imposta pelo contexto local. Portugal, na tentativa de impor seus interesses na colonização do Brasil, mas reconhecendo sua incapacidade no início do processo, instituiu as capitanias hereditárias e delegou a tarefa de colonizar o território aos capitães donatários. Estes tomaram para si muitos deveres, mas muitos direitos e privilégios que foram apontados ao longo da argumentação. Na busca de centralizar a administração, Portugal logo retoma suas responsabilidades e, com a implantação do Governo-Geral, passa a organizar a administração com a incorporação de funcionários e instituições – ao menos em tese – mais ligados aos interesses régios. Por fim, o artigo destaca também o papel das câmaras municipais e sua relação com as elites agrárias locais, demonstrando a venal relação entre o aparato administrativo e jurídico colonial com os interesses destas elites.
Comparing Estimators of Discriminative Performance of Time-to-Event Models
Authors: Jin Ying , Leroux Andrew
Published: February 2025

Predicting the timing and occurrence of events is a major focus of data science applications, especially in the context of biomedical research. Performance for models estimating these outcomes, often referred to as time-to-event or survival outcomes, is frequently summarized using measures of discrimination, in particular time-dependent AUC and concordance. Many estimators for these quantities have been proposed which can be broadly categorized as either semi-parametric estimators or non-parametric estimators. In this paper, we review the mathematical construction of the two classes of estimators and compare their behavior. Importantly, we identify a previously unknown feature of the class of semi-parametric estimators that can result in vastly overoptimistic out-of-sample estimation of discriminative performance in common applied tasks. Although these semi-parametric estimators are popular in practice, the phenomenon we identify here suggests that this class of estimators may be inappropriate for use in model assessment and selection based on out-of-sample evaluation criteria. This is due to the semi-parametric estimators’ bias in favor of models that are overfit when using out-of-sample prediction criteria (e.g. cross-validation). Non-parametric estimators, which do not exhibit this behavior, are highly variable for local discrimination. We propose to address the high variability problem through penalized regression splines smoothing. The behavior of various estimators of time-dependent AUC and concordance are illustrated via a simulation study using two different mechanisms that produce overoptimistic out-of-sample estimates using semi-parametric estimators. Estimators are further compared using a case study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014.
Pendidikan Rohani Anak Di Gereja Bethel Tabernakel Ngaliyan Semarang
Authors: Rombe Eni , SI Taneo Didasgil , Fiser Manik Disetra
Published: February 2025

Spiritual education for children at the Beth-El Tabernacle Church in Ngaliyan, Semarang aims to shape Christ-like character in them, encouraging children to know and accept Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior. Children are taught to understand and practice God's Word in their daily lives, grow in faith, and participate in church services. To support this goal, the PkM team conducted community service activities during the odd semester of 2023/2024 at GBT Ngaliyan, Semarang. This activity, titled "Sunday School Children's Spiritual Education," employed creative and innovative teaching methods, such as Bible stories with props and puppet shows, to create an engaging and enjoyable Sunday school environment. The results of the PkM activities showed high enthusiasm from the children, which helped build their spirituality. The church felt supported and motivated to continue and develop similar activities in the future.
Greener Boards: Research on gender diversity and corporate environmental violations
Authors: Aulia Zahrani , Qurrota A'yun Annisa
Published: February 2025

Purpose – This study aims to examine the effect of gender diversity on boards and gender of CEOs on environmental violationsDesign/methodology/approach – The research employs a quantitative approach using regression analysis of data from 140 companies in Indonesia. Such as women on the board, female or male CEO, having environmental lawsuits, and different control variables such as size, leverage, and profitability.Findings – We find that companies with larger fractions of female directors on their corporate boards and female CEOs are sued for fewer environmental harm cases. Moreover, firms with higher rates of women in leadership are also more likely to exhibit superior environmental disclosure and more proactive sustainability measures. In particular, female chief executive officers (CEOs) spend significantly more on environmental compliance, which then reduces the likelihood of environmental violations.Originality/value – This paper adds to an increasing number of studies on gender diversity and corporate environmental sustainability, with a focus on an emerging market such as Indonesia. This allows it to find evidence for the positive impact of gender diversity in managing within business environments that are less risky to the ecology.Research Implications –  These findings have significant implications for both corporate governance and overall public policy: a move towards increased gender diversity among other senior-ranking leadership roles may indirectly promote environmentally conscious behaviour among Indonesian companies.
Reducción del tiempo de trabajo y paro
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco, Ruiz Elúa Vidal
Published: February 2025

En el primer apartado se examinan los grandes rasgos de la evolución histórica del tiempo de trabajo y, principalmente, los avatares de su progresiva reducción, desde la Revolución Industrial a nuestros días, tanto en nuestro país como en su entorno. A continuación se expone el análisis económico básico de cómo la Reducción de Tiempo de Trabajo (RTT) puede generar empleo. Para ahondar en la cuestión se mencionan algunas de las circunstancias que inciden primordialmente y se dan referencias sobre las diversas modalidades que la RTT puede asumir. En el último apartado se abordan varias cuestiones de carácter general, que permitan ver cómo debe incardinarse la RTT en el conjunto de la Política Económica, concluyendo con medidas que puedan llevar a un aumento del empleo.
'Nivel de estudios e inserción ocupacional en la Comunidad Autónoma de Euskadi
Authors:   Gobierno Vasco, Sanzo González Luis
Published: February 2025

Este artículo se centra en la consideración de algunos aspectos de importancia ligados al tipo de asociación actualmente existente en la Comunidad Autónoma de Euskadi entre nivel de estudios, ocupación y profesión, partiendo para ello del análisis de los resultados obtenidos en la aplicación del Censo del Mercado de Trabajo 1993, única fuente estadística que se utiliza en el mismo. En su última parte, el estudio aborda la aracterización específica, en relación a los temas objeto del trabajo, de la población situada entre 25 y 34 años, población en la que resulta más significativo abordar el sentido real de los cambios actualmente en curso. Sobre estas bases, el trabajo detecta una serie de desajustes, consecuencia de una rápida transformación cultural del país en los últimos veinticinco años que no se ha visto sin embargo correspondida por un cambio cualitativo de similares dimensiones en el sistema productivo.
La empresa participativa
Authors:   Premio Nobel en Economía, Meade James E.
Published: February 2025

En la obra Agathotopia: The Economics of Partnership, el profesor Meade encuentra la respuesta al problema de la reconciliación del capitalismo y el socialismo a través de un viaje en busca de la Utopía -el Lugar Perfecto- en el que descubre la Agathotopia -el Lugar Bueno que ha ensayado la tarea más modesta de crear buenas instituciones para gente imperfecta-. El fragmento que aquí se presenta describe la novedosa forma de organización empresarial desarrollada por los agathotopianos en la que tanto trabajadores como capitalistas comparten riesgos, y analiza sus implicaciones en términos de eficiencia, redistribución de la renta y empleo.
La participación financiera de los trabajadores en la Unión Europea
Authors:   Universidad de Perugia, Uvalic Milica
Published: February 2025

Este artículo describe las últimas experiencias sobre el reparto de beneficios y otras formas de participación financiera de los trabajadores aplicadas en los estados miembros de la Unión Europea, basándose en los principales hallazgos del Informe PEPPER preparado en 1991 para la Comisión de las Comunidades Europeas. Se clasifican y describen brevemente las diferentes formas de participación financiera de los trabajadores y se analiza el marco legal existente en los diferentes países de la UE. Se proporciona la información disponible para cada país sobre la difusión de los diferentes acuerdos de participación financiera. También se señalan algunas de las limitaciones de los acuerdos existentes. El artículo concluye haciendo hincapié en el cambio de actitud hacia la participación financiera de los trabajadores que se ha producido en los últimos años.
Hacia una economía política de las asociaciones. Una síntesis de las aproximaciones francófonas y anglosajonas
Authors:   Universidad de Lieja, Defourny Jacques
Published: February 2025

El análisis económico de las asociaciones puede ser efectuado desde diversas aproximaciones siendo las más frecuentes las consistentes en la consideración de aquéllas bien como entidades del sector no-comercial, bien como un componente de la economía social (en la tradición más bien francófona o latina), o incluso, como organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro (en la tradición más bien anglosajona). El objetivo principal de este artículo es pasar revista a las principales ventajas e inconvenientes de cada una de estas tres aproximaciones.
Medidas de desigualdad de la renta en un modelo de oferta de trabajo regular e irregular
Authors:   Universidad de Zaragoza, García Inmaculada , Molina José Alberto ,   Universidad de Zaragoza
Published: February 2025

En este artículo construimos un modelo de oferta de trabajo de un individuo con aversión relativa al riesgo constante que evade impuestos ofreciendo su trabajo en el mercado irregular, además de hacerlo también en el regular. Sobre este modelo, analizamos si es o no adecuado utilizar un indicador de la desigualdad de la renta basado en la información disponible sobre los ingresos declarados, para lo cual comparamos esta medida oficial con otra que mide la desigualdad real. Además, valoramos la capacidad que tiene el indicador oficial para predecir aumentos o disminuciones en la desigualdad real cuando el gobierno aplica distintas medidas de política económica. Finalmente, generalizamos el modelo considerando distintos salarios en los dos mercados.
La organización del sector eléctrico español: regulación, desregulación y competencia
Authors:   Comisión del Sistema Eléctrico Nacional, Ocaña Pérez de Tudela Carlos , Romero Muñoz Arturo ,   Comisión del Sistema Eléctrico Nacional
Published: February 2025

La industria eléctrica española afronta en la actualidad profundos cambios en la regulación similares a los adoptados en muchos otros países. Este artículo presenta una panorámica de las tendencias generales de la reforma de la regulación del sector eléctrico y examina la consistencia entre la introducción de competencia y el alto grado de concentración de las empresas eléctricas. El éxito de la reforma requiere que, junto a los cambios en la regulación, se adopten reformas estructurales para aumentar la rivalidad entre las empresas y la transparencia del sistema.
La desregulación en el sector portuario: el informe del Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia
Authors:   Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia, Alonso Soto Ricardo
Published: February 2025

El presente trabajo da cuenta, por una parte, de la labor desarrollada por el Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia en relación con la desregulación en el sector de los servicios y, por otra, de las propuestas concretas realizadas por dicho Organismo en materia de puertos en el año 1995. Con respecto a este último tema, se analizan, en primer lugar, las diversas modalidades de competencia que se dan en el sector portuario: competencia internacional, competencia entre puertos nacionales y competencia en el interior de los puertos entre las diversas empresas que prestan servicios en ellos. En segundo lugar, se pasa revista a la situación actual de los puertos y se exponen las propuestas de liberalización formuladas por el Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia. Finalmente, el trabajo concluye con una reflexión sobre la nueva función de las Autoridades Portuarias en un contexto liberalizado.
'La regulación legal del mercado del suelo
Authors: Fernández Rodríguez Tomás-Ramón
Published: February 2025

El Derecho Urbanístico español y con él las técnicas de regulación del mercado del suelo tienen ya cuarenta años de antigüedad, un periodo de tiempo suficientemente largo que invita - y obliga - a una reflexión acerca de los principios a los que inicialmente respondió la Ley del Suelo de 1956, su evolución posterior, sus sucesivas reformas de 1975 y 1990 y sus resultados globales. La situación actual es fruto de todo ello, lo mismo que el excesivo intervencionismo al que ese proceso ha conducido, intervencionismo que, dados sus magros resultados, justifica un cambio de orientación del sistema legal que propicie un aumento de la oferta de suelo y reduzca la excesiva duración de los procesos de desarrollo urbano que tanto contribuyen al alza de los precios del suelo y del producto final, la vivienda.
BIOFEEDBACK ELETROMIOGRÁFICO (EMG) NO TRATAMENTO DA INCONTINÊNCIA URINÁRIA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA E PERSPECTIVAS CLÍNICAS
Authors: Santos Nataly
Published: February 2025

A incontinência urinária (IU) é uma condição comum que impacta a qualidade de vida. O biofeedback eletromiográfico (EMG) é uma abordagem terapêutica que auxilia no fortalecimento e controle dos músculos do assoalho pélvico. Este estudo revisa a literatura sobre o uso do biofeedback EMG no Brasil e no mundo, abordando sua eficácia clínica e recomendações terapêuticas.
PENGARUH BRAND AWARENESS DAN WORD OF MOUTH COMMUNICATION TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK KARTU XL AXIATA PADA PT XL AXIATA TBK
Authors: Haryanto David , Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: February 2025

The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of brand awareness and word of mouth communication on purchasing decisions for -XL Axiata card products at PT XL Axiata Tbk. In this research, it is predicted that these two variables can measure purchasing decisions for XL Axiata card products. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis. The population in this study were XL Axiata users in the Jakarta area and used 120 respondents as samples in the research. The data collection technique used was nonprobability sampling by distributing online questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 29.0 program. The results of this research are that brand awareness and word of mouth communication positively influence purchasing decision
Quando promover é não discriminar: a omissão relativa às normas de proteção do mercado de trabalho da mulher no Brasil
Authors: Araújo Alyane Almeida de
Published: February 2025

A Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 prevê no art. 7º, XX, o direito social fundamental de “proteção do mercado de trabalho da mulher, mediante incentivos específicos”, após declarar no art. 5º, I, que “homens e mulheres são iguais em direitos e obrigações”. O problema da pesquisa consiste em verificar se a legislação infraconstitucional regulamentadora do inciso XX do art. 7º é capaz de conferir densidade ao comando constitucional. Com a utilização das técnicas da hermenêutica constitucional concretista, os resultados evidenciaram que as Leis nºs 9.029/1995 e 9.799/1999, embora sejam de inegável importância, trataram apenas do conteúdo proibitivo à discriminação contra a mulher, não podendo ser reconhecidas como leis com “incentivos específicos”. A expressão constitucional demanda normas de conteúdo promocional, que podem ser encontradas em fontes do Direito Internacional e do Direito Comparado
Democracia defensiva: origens, conceito e aplicação prática
Authors: Fernandes Tarsila Ribeiro Marques
Published: February 2025

Este artigo explica a democracia defensiva, também denominada democracia de resistência. Após analisar as suas origens na teoria da democracia militante de Karl Loewenstein, será realizada uma diferenciação entre as duas teorias. Serão apresentados as bases teóricas e o contexto em que a democracia defensiva é aplicada, com o objetivo de entender a sua importância para a salvaguarda da democracia brasileira. Casos concretos em que tanto o Poder Legislativo quanto o Poder Judiciário aplicaram a teoria da democracia defensiva também serão apresentados. Dessa forma, será possível perceber que, mesmo pouco difundida e estudada, a democracia defensiva já é objeto de aplicação prática no Brasil
Informação legislativa e correlatas: como conceituar?
Authors: Miranda Roberto Campos da Rocha , Braga Ricardo de João
Published: February 2025

O artigo detém-se sobre a discussão conceitual da expressão informação legislativa e suas aplicações. Fundado nos estudos publicados até 2020, avalia a relação entre o conceito de informação legislativa com outros tipos de informação, como a informação política, a informação parlamentar, a informação cidadã e a informação eleitoral. Justifica-se o estudo por tratar-se de conceito amplamente utilizado na literatura acadêmica sem que haja real preocupação em conceituá-lo diante de outros tipos de informações diretamente relacionados a ele. Espera-se que o trabalho venha a contribuir para que se considerem objetivamente as possibilidades e a aplicabilidade dos termos no âmbito das Ciências Sociais e Humanas, bem como permita desencadear outros estudos voltados para termos igualmente utilizados em artigos que tratam do Poder Legislativo. A metodologia emprega a Informetria do termo e seus correlatos e a discussão comparada dos conceitos estudados, apresentando elementos que caracterizam e diferenciam. Os resultados apontam que a informação legislativa é da família da informação política (na qual se incluem também a informação eleitoral e a cidadã) e que tem por espécie a informação parlamentar
Mechanical Properties of a Composite Formed from Bamboo Granules and Glass Fiber
Authors: Kumar Satish , Singh Swarn , Singh Harvinder , Goyal Aneesh
Published: February 2025

Bamboo powder-reinforced polyethylene (PE) composite was developed as an ecologically friendly engineering material, and its mechanical properties were systematically investigated. To enhance adhesion between bamboo powder and the polyethylene matrix, maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene (MAPE) was used as a compatibilizer. Given the growing demand for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) products, integrating natural and synthetic reinforcements, such as bamboo powder and glass fiber, presents a sustainable alternative in materials engineering. In this study, a composite matrix composed of HDPE, bamboo powder (BP), and glass fiber (GF) was fabricated using compression molding. The mechanical performance of the samples was assessed through flexural and compressive tests, considering different mass ratios of the components. Results indicate that the inclusion of BP and GF enhances compressive and flexural strengths by 20%, making the composites suitable for load-bearing applications, such as stress-bearing sheets, films, and pipes. However, a decrease in tensile and impact strengths was observed due to insufficient interfacial adhesion between the reinforcements and the HDPE matrix, highlighting a trade-off in mechanical performance. The findings suggest that optimizing fiber-matrix compatibility, potentially through improved surface treatments or alternative compatibilizers, could further enhance the overall mechanical performance of these composites. This research contributes to the advancement of sustainable composite materials by demonstrating the potential of BP/GF/HDPE composites in structural applications while addressing environmental concerns associated with plastic waste and non-renewable materials.
In-situ mechanical exfoliation of graphite to UV curable graphene/acrylate coatings and their corrosion resistance properties
Authors: Shen Zihan , An Mengya , Li Sichen , Mi Xin , Xiao Qiang
Published: February 2025

Incorporation of two dimensional (2D) materials into a polymer matrix is an efficient way to prepare high performance coatings. Here we report the in-situ mechanical exfoliation of graphite in a mixture of hydroxyethylacrylate terminated polybutadiene urethane (HTPU) prepolymer and reactive diluent. The mixture containing exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (GN) is directly used to prepare UV cured composite resins (G/HTPU) with various GN concentrations. Various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman, atomic force microscopy (AFM), have been used to characterize the GN, confirming that few-layered GN are obtained after the in-situ mechanical exfoliation. The incorporation of GN exerts little effect on the curing of the coatings with a gelation around 95%, but greatly enhances the elastic modulus. Tafel polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and salt-spray testing were conducted to comparatively evaluate the G/HTPU coatings with different GN loadings. The results indicate that the incorporation of GN greatly improves the corrosion resistance of the HTPU UV coatings. The self-corrosion current density (Icorr) and the charge transfer resistance (Rc) of G/HTPU-2 (0.2% GN loading) are greatly reduced to 1.03 × 10-8 A·cm-2 and increased by two magnitudes, respectively, compared to those of the parent HTPU coating. Additionally, the G/HTPU-2 coating with thickness of 100 μm can protect galvanized sheet against 0.5 mol/l sulfuric acid for at least 24 h. The practical application in protection of electronics was illustrated by coating the G/HTPU-2 on a standard printed circuit board (PCB, IPC-B-24A). No corrosion was observed after it was immersed in an artificial sweat solution even under open-circuit voltage of 12 V for 72 h and then 24 V for 48 h.
Mechanistic model-based analysis of Total IgG kinetics and pathogenic autoantibody pharmacodynamics in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Paridhi  , Zhou Jia , Wang Angelia , Lam Edwin , Xiong Yuan , Leu Jocelyn , Wang Weirong , Samtani Mahesh , Ayyar Vivaswath
Published: February 2025

Objectives/Background: The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) salvages Immunoglobulin G (IgG) from lysosomal degradation consequently extending its half-life. FcRn inhibitors accelerate IgG catabolism to lower circulating total IgG (IgGtot) concentrations, thus serving as treatment options across diverse pathogenic autoantibody (PAA)-mediated diseases. A mechanism-based model was developed to capture and relate total serum IgG kinetics with endogenous IgG/PAA lowering.Methods: A target-mediated drug disposition model was developed to characterize efficiency of IgG salvage. Model calibration was performed using reported serum IgGtot kinetics across multiple studies of subjects dosed with exogenous IgG. Model simulations were qualified against additional reported measurements of serum IgGtot and PAA lowering. Correlation analysis was conducted between PAA titers and reported clinical measures.Results: The model adequately captured the relationship between IgGtot elevation and endogenous IgG lowering following intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIg) treatment. This model characterized total IgG PK reasonably well following IVIg administration. Model-simulated increases in IgGtot at weeks 1 and 2 (224% and 139% of baseline) agreed well with measurements. Further, model simulations of endogenous IgG lowering following IVIg correlated with published PAA lowering at early weeks post-dosing, though it slightly underpredicted PAA lowering at a later timepoint. Correlation analyses suggested that endogenous IgG lowering may be associated with disease activity score (DAS) in subjects treated with IVIg. A limitation of the correlation analysis is that it is based upon limited datasets available publicly in literature, with no well-controlled clinical studies.Conclusions: The developed mechanism-based model successfully characterized the effects of IVIg on circulating total plus endogenously synthesized IgGs and autoimmune disease-specific PAAs, as reported in published literature.Citations: 1. Vlam, L. et al. Psychiatry 85, 1145-8 (2014).2. Kuitwaard, K. et al. Ann Neurol 66, 597-603 (2009).
Challenges in curating Real World Data for modeling: A Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia case study
Authors: Quinlan Lauren , Ma Shu Chin , Romero Klaus , Singh Kanwaljit , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that affects tens of thousands of infants yearly, most often those born prematurely and requiring supplemental oxygen support. The International Neonatal Consortium (INC) has an opportunity to collate and evaluate real world data (RWD) in the format of the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) common data model (CDM). The OMOP CDM unifies RWD across different clinical sites, vocabularies, and any other discrepancies within medical event collection. The objective of this project is to develop a curation pipeline to transform INC RWD into an analysis set for modeling and simulation, and to assess the challenges of this process. Methods: The RWD were queried using keywords from a predefined list of covariates such as blood gas measurements (fraction of inspired oxygen [FiO2], partial pressure of carbon dioxide [PaCO2], etc.), and symptoms (wheezing, sepsis, etc.). OMOP data instances were aggregated for each covariate (e.g., PaCO2 measurements from both venous and arterial samples) with input from subject matter experts (SMEs). Baseline was defined as time of birth, and BPD was assigned to infants with any type of respiratory support during 36-37 weeks postmenstrual age. Chronological age was used as the model’s longitudinal component. Respiratory support concepts were collected and aggregated into support categories including oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and tracheostomy care. Results: Subject-level data of 2193 babies (1244 with BPD) were curated. The curation process came with many challenges. Only 11% of subjects and 36% of records were retained due to uneven paucity of covariate records and longitudinal restrictions from lack of timing granularity. Longitudinal electronic health records lack the serial consistency of clinical trial data, creating large gaps within subjects’ timelines and introducing more uncertainties in analysis. Lack of consistent and/or clearly defined respiratory support records also rendered many instances of analysis endpoint FiO2 uninterpretable, further restricting the analysis set. Though respiratory support concepts were abundant in the data, defining concise levels of support proved challenging. Support concepts could be ambiguous, e.g. “Ventilation mode Ventilator”, and required additional investigation into source concepts and SME input before being useful in analysis. Finally, the learning curve of the OMOP CDM and associated platforms like ATLAS was steep. Conclusions: OMOP CDM RWD provide a rich source of data in the disease area. But the iterative process of curation toward an analysis set comes with many challenges, including lack of alignment in longitudinal data instances, ambiguity of endpoint interpretation, and heterogeneous sparsity of covariate data. Decision makers should take these challenges into consideration when assessing the feasibility of using RWD in the drug development process.Citations: NA
Advancing Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Model for Inflammatory Bowel Disease for Clinical Efficacy Predictions in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Tania Nessy , Fang Yue , Luo Pei , Tsuchiwata Shinichi , Sano Yamato , Johnson Bryce , Purohit Vivek , Neelakantan Srividya , Musante C.J. , Allen Richard
Published: February 2025

Objective: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with gastrointestinal inflammation. While therapeutic options for the disease have expanded, patient response to these treatments can be highly variable. The aim of our work is to advance a Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP) model of IBD such that it can predict efficacy at the level of relevant biomarkers with extension to clinical endpoints of remission for known mechanisms, and incorporate additional mechanisms to support the development of novel therapeutic approaches which simultaneously target multiple immunomodulatory pathways. Methods: A previously published QSP model of IBD that accounts for immune cells and cytokine interaction [1,2] was expanded to account for epithelial damage in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokine and a slower healing process. A virtual population for ulcerative colitis (UC) was developed and calibrated using published Phase 3 data for ustekinumab (anti-p40, a subunit of IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines) [3] and Phase 2 data for anti-TL1A (PF-06480605) [4]. A probabilistic connection was made between fecal calprotectin (FCP), a biomarker indicative of disease burden, with endoscopic score, a clinical endpoint associated with mucosal healing.Results: We found that the epithelial healing mechanism is essential for capturing the observed slow FCP decline observed in clinical data, but not captured in the initial model. The simulated response of the virtual population covers the variability of CRP and FCP response during induction period observed in ustekinumab and anti-TL1A clinical data. By pooling and comparing data from several clinical trials, we established a quantitative relationship between FCP and endoscopic healing, with lower FCP scores more likely to correspond to endoscopic score 0-1 compared to those for higher scores. The model-generated predicted scores are in line with observed data in ustekinumab and anti-TL1A UC trials [3,4].Conclusion: We extended a QSP model for IBD to integrate mechanisms for epithelial healing and for a novel target, TL1A under clinical development [4]. Previously, the model was partially calibrated to published clinical data for Chron’s Disease [2]; here we further refine and calibrate a virtual population for UC in response to two separate treatments. In the future, the model can be further developed to account for additional mechanisms and utilized to predict biomarker response and endoscopic score for novel IBD therapies.Citations: 1. Rogers KV, et al. (2021) Clinical and Translational Science,14(1):239-48.2. Rogers KV, et al. (2021) Clinical and Translational Science,14(1):249-59.3. Sands BE, et al. (2019) New England Journal of Medicine, 381(13):1201-14.4. Danese S, et al. (2022) Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 1;20(12):2858-67.
Data Gaps, Model Mishaps: Quantifying the Impact of Missing Pharmacometrics Data on Pharmacodynamic Projections
Authors: Byrne Rena , Husband Hillary , Pane Megan Cala , Johnston Curtis
Published: February 2025

Objectives: To determine the bias and precision of pharmacodynamic (PD) estimates and predictions when different levels of pharmacokinetic (PK) data are missing. As the percentage of PK data missing completely at random (MCAR) was increased, the impact on the bias and precision of PD estimates and predictions (measured as percentage relative mean squared error [%RRMSE] calculated across simulation replicates) were assessed. Methods: 1. PK data were generated with a two-compartment model with first-order absorption, and covariates (sample from an NHANES database) of weight (WT), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), age, and albumin. Variability was introduced by applying a 33%, coefficient of variation (CV) around CL/F, and a proportional residual variance of 20% CV. 500 replicates of 800 subjects were simulated (200 per dose group of 0, 50, 150, and 200 mg). 2. Six PK datasets were generated, each with a different percentage between 0 and 25% of missing individual subjects’ PK data. Missingness was determined randomly (MCAR). All patients assigned to have missing PK data were subsequently assigned typical exposure metrics conditional upon their covariate values. 3. PD time-courses were simulated, using an indirect response model with a proportional stimulatory effect on kin. EC50 was calculated as approximately the median AUC for the simulated 150 mg dose group. Intersubject variability was included on kout and baseline (CV% of 31% and 45%, respectively). A proportional error model contributed 12% CV residual variability to the simulations. 4. PD parameters were estimated and a landmark PD endpoint (12-week change from baseline [CFB]) was determined from each of the 6 datasets. 5. Relative bias and %RRMSE were calculated for each of the six datasets across dose groups and simulated replicates. Results: For fixed parameter estimates, the magnitude of bias was greatest for kout but there was little difference between groups (median of 5.68E-3 and 0.60E-3 for 0% and 25% missing PK, respectively). There also was very little difference between levels of missingness in %RRMSE (median of 7.03E-5 and 6.81E-5 for 0% and 25% missing PK, respectively). For the PD endpoint of 12-week CFB, although there was a slight trend towards an increase in mean bias with level of missingness, the magnitude of bias was very small (0.0841 and 0.130 for 0% and 25% missing PK, respectively). Conclusions: When predicting PD outcomes, imputing population-level PK estimates for subjects missing PK is an acceptable practice under conditions with reasonably large dosing groups, as even a relatively large proportion of subjects’ missing PK does not make a marked difference in estimated PD parameters or simulated responses. Additional characterization of the operating characteristics of the impact of imputing typical exposures for PD analyses is warranted. Citations: None
A within-host dynamic model of Bordetella pertussis to support vaccine development
Authors: Arsène Simon , Darre Hippolyte , Vargas Juan , Rehberg Markus , Wagenhuber Britta , Blanc Pascal , Sabouraud Alain , Macina Denis , Coudeville Laurent
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Several parallel hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanisms of efficacy of pertussis vaccines. In-host mathematical models, that leverage available data and knowledge of biological mechanisms, are well suited to discriminate between these hypotheses. Methods: We developed a within-host mathematical model of pertussis infection in naïve or immunized individuals that represents the most relevant mechanistic interactions between the bacteria and the host immune system. Different versions of this model were constructed to investigate the relative impact of T cell polarization and specific antibodies on infection clearance. Curation of approximately 250 scientific sources was performed to design the model’s equations. Quantitative data from 6 articles were extracted and used to calibrate the model, including bacterial load evolution in challenged baboons with 4 distinct immunization states [1]. Results: After calibration, the model versions can reproduce bacterial load evolution in the 4 immunization scenarios. Simulations performed with the model suggest that the antibody response is probably not the only driver of immune protection and that anti-PRN antibodies are essential for the protection conferred by acellular vaccine, which would explain the emergence of PRN deficient B. pertussis strains. The model also predicts that the highest increase in vaccine efficacy would be granted by an increase in anti-PRN antibodies or an increase in Th1 or Th17 polarization. Conclusions: Such in-host mathematical models could play an important role in the development of new pertussis vaccines by giving insights on the best candidates before their entry into clinical trials.Citations: [1] J. M. Warfel, L. I. Zimmerman, T. J. Merkel, Acellular pertussis vaccines protect against disease but fail to prevent infection and transmission in a nonhuman primate model. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111 (2013), pp. 787–792.