bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERSPECTIVE OF MOBILE BANKING IN SERBIA // PERSPEKTIVE MOBILNOG BANKARSTVA U SRBIJI
Authors: Todić Marko , Dajić Milan
Published: September 2018

As part of electronic banking, mobile banking is developing as part of the services that banks offer to customers through the use of state-of-the-art mobile phones and tablet devices. This type of banking services has positive features of electronic banking allowing the customers to use these bank services, wherever they are, at any time of the day while on the move. In addition to numerous advantages, mobile banking has negative part also, starting from insufficient information, to mistrust of clients. Along with the development of mobile devices, primarily, the so-called smart mobile phones and tablets, mobile banking has experienced rapid grow in the past and has been developing greatly in recent years In order to successfully implement such a system of operations, technical and technological equipment of banks, trading companies, state institutions, as well as the population is necessary. Also, it is necessary to have the existence of the Internet, information literacy, culture of behavior and knowledge of the electronic payment system for economic organizations and population in R. Serbia. The subject of research of this paper is mobile banking as well as the perspective of mobile banking in Serbia. The aim of the paper is to determine how many citizens of the Republic of Serbia use mobile banking services.
WORKING CONDITIONS AS A FACTOR OF PRODUCTIVITY IN SMES // RADNI USLOVI KAO FAKTOR PRODUKTIVNOSTI U MALIM I SREDNJIM PREDUZEĆIMA
Authors: Držajić Katarina , Vega Frank
Published: September 2018

The theoretical framework by Diamond, Mortensen and Pissarides (Nobel Award in Economic Sciences, 2010) shows us how generous wages can determine the success in filling job vacancies. The empirical evidence is convincing: larger and more profitable enterprises pay higher wages. Nowadays, large leader companies are investing not only in paying efficient wages to prevent shirking, but also in the improvement of working conditions and even taking a rigorous analytical approach to etiquette. It is a common fact that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) cannot compete in the same way with these high standards. However, recent examples have shown that a suitable work environment, techniques for reducing the stress factors, strategies to create workplaces with a more ethnical diversity and profound benefits for women, as well as the efforts in making the workers feel more liable to their jobs are possible in SMEs and have real benefits for their growth and productivity. At the same time, these approaches could be beneficial for developing countries in a large scale since SMEs play a major role in most of these economies. In this paper, we will conduct a study from the most popular current standards that the best companies promote and suggest some alternatives for SMEs in order to improve these factors.
Transitional and Final Provisions of the Republika Srpska Proprietary Law // Prelazne i završne odredbe Zakona o stvarnim pravima Republike Srpske
Authors: Medić Duško
Published: September 2018

Significance of the transitional and final provisions of the Republika Srpska Proprietary law is multifunctional. Aforementioned provisions should enable transition from the former to the new legal system as well as to regulate some areas, that haven’t been standardised by special laws until now. Any change in legal system is inevitably accompanied with the state of transition of the proprietary law relations. Those relations are being transformed and coordinated with the rules of the new state of affairs. It’s only when this kind of transition is completed, we can state that the previous legal order is no longer in to existence.
The Succession Community and the Transfer of the Inherited Part // Naslednička zajednica i prenos (ustupanje) naslednog dela
Authors: Babić Ilija
Published: September 2018

The succession community arises from the moment of the opening of the heritage, if there is a legacy inherited by at least two heirs. In legal theory and jurisprudence, the dominant view is that the succession community ceases by adopting a decision on inheritance. However, the form of property in matters determines the possibility of its transfer. The author defends the view that, from the opening of the inheritance to an ideal or real division of items that make up the legacy, the co-heirs acquire a common property. On the basis of the decision on inheritance (except when an ideal or real division is performed), which has a declaratory character, the co-heirs do not acquire a co-property. Therefore, they can transfer the hereditary parts to the co-heir only. After executing an ideal or real division, the co-owned part or a real-life exclusive part of the successor may be transferred to third parties.
Measure of Security of Obliged Psychiatric Treatment and Story in the Healthcare Institution in the Criminal Law of the Republic Of Srpska // Mjera bezbjednosti obaveznog psihijatrijskog liječenja i čuvanja u zdravstvenoj ustanovi u krivičnom zakoniku Republike Srpske
Authors: Ikanović Veljko
Published: September 2018

This paper discusses the measure of the safety of compulsory psychiatric treatment and care in a health institution from the new Criminal Code of Republika Srpska. Here, in fact, it is about “returning” to the law of an old measure that previously existed in domestic criminal legislation until its 2003 reform. Considering that a new one has been abandoned in Bosnia and Herzegovina by the harmonization of criminal justice reform, the procedure against irregular perpetrators of criminal offenses and the introduced security measures that other legislation in the country does not know, we expect this to raise the attention of legal science, jurisprudence and certain international factors under the influence of which the measure was removed from the criminal legislation. With this work, we want to draw the attention of the scientific and professional public to the need for traditional, scientifically based and proven solutions to be quickly and uncritically abandoned, so that after a certain period of time, “after-mindedness,” it was understood that it was wrong and counterproductive.
Packet Loss Differentiation Over Manet Based on a BP Neural Network
Authors: Kanellopoulos Dimitris , Gite Pratik
Published: September 2018

An adaptive distributed routing algorithm is essential in MANETs, since there is no central routing system. Actually, there is no central point of coordination; each node is responsible for forwarding data packets to other nodes, thereby acting as router and host. A packet might travel through multiple intermediary ad hoc nodes in order to arrive to its destination, while the nature of wireless multi-hop channel is bringing in various types of packet losses. This paper focuses on three main reasons of online packet losses in MANETs: (1) losses due to wireless link errors; (2) losses due to congestion; and (3) losses due to route alteration. It proposes a deep learning-based algorithm for packet loss discrimination. The algorithm uses the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) concept. We performed simulation experiments for evaluating the performance of the proposed loss discrimination algorithm under different network configurations. Through simulation results, we confirmed that the proposed algorithm improves packet loss discrimination and route alteration in the network. It also reduces congestion and increases network throughput.
Design and Development of Comprehensive Railway Information and Communication Systems
Authors: Zaborski Damir M. , Avramović Zoran Ž
Published: September 2018

Successful operation of the railways as a large technological system is directly related to the reliable and timely transmission of data and information. Therefore, the role of the information and communication system (ICS) has irreplaceable importance for operation and functioning of the railways. Considering that the railway modernization represents an uninterrupted process, it is necessary to ensure constant technical and technological development and application of the latest achievements in the field of information and communication systems. The railway ICS, among other things, provides infrastructure for the automatic control systems, traffic management and control, monitoring and navigation systems, data processing devices, and it also provides support to other subsystems designed for safe and consistent use of the line, as well as efficient management of the modern rail transportation system.
The Use of Cell Phones While Driving - A Case Study in Serbia
Authors: Gladović Pavle , Cvijan Milorad , Drašković Danislav
Published: September 2018

Recording the data about the use of cell phones as one of the possible factors that contribute to accidents is not often conducted in practice. All the world’s research indicate that the use of cell phone affects negatively the attention of the driver and his ability to safely operate the vehicle. In the literature, the most frequently mentioned is the increasing risk of a traffic accident, four times when using the phone and also that when reading or texting messages the driver takes his eyes off the road for almost 5 seconds. This means that at a speed of 50 km/h, during these 5 seconds while looking at his phone, the driver exceeds 70 m, and does not look what is happening in front of him, or around the vehicle. This paper describes the world experience in terms of analysing accidents and the use of cell phones in accidents. Also, an analysis was conducted of the legislation about the use of cell phones while participating in traffic in Republic of Serbia, as well as the domestic experience about the use of cell phone. Based on the above analysis, a research about attitudes of citizens of Serbia has been made, in order to give at least an approximate picture of the problem.
Passive Road Safety Systems – Case Study of Road Section Prnjavor- Doboj (M16.1, R474, R474a)
Authors: Drašković Danislav , Mihajlović Dragoslav , Glamočić Ljubo , Hrnjić Samir
Published: September 2018

The European Parliament and the European Council have adopted the Directive 2008/96/EC relating to the safety of traffic infrastructure. This Directive binds the EU Member States to implement the guidelines on roads comprising the parts of the Trans-European traffic network, regardless of the stage those roads are in. EU Member States have a possibility to adopt the guidelines and regulations from the Directive and build them into the national regulations on parts of the roads that are not a part of the Trans-European roads. Based on the facts stated above, there is a research problem in a form of a question “Can the Directive 2008/96/EC be applied in the traffic in Bosnia and Herzegovina?” i.e. are its guidelines implemented as a manner of approximation with the EU regulations, and what are the effects of its implementation. This is a traffic problem in its nature, closely related to road traffic safety, and we find the answer to the research problem in theoretical and empirical research in this area.
АНКЕТА КАО ЈЕЗИЧКО МАНИПУЛАТИВНО СРЕДСТВО
Authors: Касагић Сандријела
Published: September 2018

У овом раду бавимо се положајем српског језика са два аспекта: дијахро-нијског и синхронијског. Први део рада садржи кратак осврт на догађаје везанеза именовање и статус српског језика од XIX до XX века узимајући у обзирмишљења неких језичких стручњака почев од Вука Караџића; затим је истак-нут проблем статуса српског језика у Босни и Херцеговини и Републици Срп-ској. Средишњи део рада чини анализа анкете спроведене међу ученицимаГимназије Бања Лука чији је основни циљ био да актуелизује језичку проблема-тику и утиче на ученичке ставове о националном и језичком идентитету. Циљрада јесте да се, анализом анкете, утврди начин и циљ актуелизације наведенихпроблема путем постављених питања и језичких недоумица у анкети.
ЛИКОВИ ПОКОНДИРЕНИХ ЈУНАКИЊА У ОСНОВНОШКОЛСКОМ ТУМАЧЕЊУ
Authors: Ђорђевић Данијела
Published: September 2018

У раду се сагледавају могућности и осмишљавају поступци за припремањенаставног часа на ком би се преко мотивског издвајања и уобличавања интер-претирале комедије Покондирена тиква, Избирачица и Госпођа министарка. Ураду је истакнут мотив покондирености који је везивна нит за све три комедије.Посебна пажња усмерена је на активност ученика и њихово вођење да што са-мосталније открију тематске, мотивске и књижевнотеоријске карактеристикедатих комедија, те да мотивским повезивањем и компаративним приступомтумаче дела. Аналитичко интерпретативном наставном методом разоткрилибисмо мотив покондирености у Стеријином делу да бисмо му на трећем часу,у форми групног рада, прикључили исти мотив из Трифковићевог и Нушиће-вог дела. Оваквом поставком, у велокој мери, афирмисали бисмо интелектуал-не капацитете ученика, што је императив савремене наставе. Конструктиван икреативан приступ мотиву и анализи текста довео би нас до нових сазнања, ишто је у раду са ученицима веома важно, побудио би, њихово интересовање затему и овакав облик рада на часу. Наравно, овим се могућности интерпретаци-је драмског дела у настави не заустављају, већ се понуђени модел посматра каополазиште нових ишчитавања и наставношколских интерпретација.
PARLE-VOUZ SERBE?
Authors: Кнежевић Саша
Published: September 2018

Француски језик је језик дипломатије, језик једне од највећихи најзначајнијих европских књижевности, језик из којегсмо посвојили термин белетристика. Француски је био је-зик европске елите и на њему су се школовали неки од најзначајнијихсрпских пјесника. Учење француског језика је увијек залог за приступједној великој култури и упознавање са народом који су Срби цијели је-дан вијек сматрали братским. Нажалост, француски језик је већ нековријеме био запостављен у школском систему, не само у РепублициСрпској него и знатно шире. Свједоци смо, срећом, широких активностикоје је у посљедње вријеме започела француска државa на експанзијијезика и сопствене националне културе.
ИНТЕРДИСЦИПЛИНАРНИ ПРИСТУП ОБРАДИ ЖИТИЈА СВЕТОГ СИМЕОНА МИРОТОЧИВОГ И СВЕТОГ САВЕ
Authors: Кончаревић Ксенија
Published: September 2018

Рад представља покушај комплексног сагледавања потенцијалних објека-та анализе елемената српске средњовековне сакралне културе на основу жити-ја Светог Симеона Мироточивог и Светог Саве. Аутор се залаже за интердисци-плинарни приступ обради ових житија, који ће укључити, поред филолошкихподатака, и дидактички транспоноване елементе литургике, химнографије,историје уметности, остварујући корелацију у првом реду са православнoм ве-ронауком, националном историјом и историјом уметности.
МОРФЕМСКА И ТВОРБЕНА АНАЛИЗА – ПРОБЛЕМСКИ ПРИСТУП
Authors: Штасни Гордана
Published: September 2018

У раду се указује на могућности примене савременог методичког системакоји је заснован на учењу путем решавања проблема у настави српског језика.Методички модел заснован на елементима овога система разрађен је на једномод важних питања с којим се ученици сусрећу у средњошколској настави, а тоје сегментација речи с морфолошког односно са становишта творбе речи. Сампојам морфеме је ученицима веома апстрактан, а често у пракси долази и допоистовећивања морфолошке и морфемске с творбеном анализом речи, штосвакако може бити добро полазиште за креирање проблемске ситуације приобради овог наставног садржаја.
Acute Effects of Physiological Fatigue Indicators on the Motor Reaction Speed Among the Karate Players at Different Level of Competition // Akutni efekti fizioloških indikatora zamora na brzinu motorne reakcije kod karatista različitog takmičarskog nivoa
Authors: Bilalić Jasmin , Bajrić Osmo , Lačić Osman , Huremović Tarik , Huremović Džemal
Published: September 2018

This study was conducted on a sample of 40 senior and junior male and female karate fighters, chronological ages 18 to 27 from the Tuzla Canton, who are part of the regular training and competition process. The aim of this paper is to determine the differences in the motor reaction speed among the karate players with the same specializations but at different levels of competition, in conditions of fatigue induced by intense physical work in combination with complex visual signalization, which determines certain karate techniques. The study was conducted with the application of sophisticated technologies used in sport that enable the collection of data. The light stimuli was generated by the usage of the RIR 102 reaction meter and the quantitative valorization of the investigated parameters was carried out by a sophisticated kinematic analysis of the videos collected using two high-speed Casio Exilim EX-F1 digital cameras synchronized with the data from the Polar Team heart monitoring system. By processing and analyzing data, it was concluded that fatigue induced by situational conditions such as performing a series of strikes that simultaneously generate muscular, cognitive and sensory strain, produces negative effects on reaction time of the karate players. The intensity of limiting factors grows gradually in function of time, but is manifested differently in relation to the international and state level of competition.
Relations of Morphological Characteristics and Aerobic Durability of Fudbalers of Different Age Categories // Relacije morfoloških karakteristika i aerobne izdržljivosti fudbalera različitih uzrasnih kategorija
Authors: Pelemiš Vladan , Ujsasi Darijan , Džinović Danica , Josić Dušan
Published: September 2018

The aim of the study was to analyze if there is a connection between some anthropometric measrements and a test for assessing aerobic ability in footballers of different age categories. 65 players were subjected to these measurements, of which 25 players aged 13-14 years (pioneers); 20 players aged 15-16 years (cadets) and 20 players aged 17-18 years (juniors). By using standard anthropometric instruments, body height, body weight, median volume of the chest and aerobic endurance were measured using a 20m “shuttle run” test. Using linear regression analysis, it was found that there is no statistically significant effect of anthropometric variables on a variable (20m “shuttle run”) of all three age players. In these ages, obviously some other characteristics have more influence on the manifestation of aerobic ability. The results of the research can be used by experts in the field of sports in further planning and organizing training contents
The Spinal Column State of Adolescent Boys of Different Levels of Physical Activity // Stanje kičmenog stuba dečaka adolescentnog uzrasta različitog stepena fizičke aktivnosti
Authors: Milić Zoran , Ujsasi Darijan , Miletić Aleksandar , Cvetković Milan , Brnić Mladen
Published: September 2018

The sedentary form of behaviour, the effective holding of the body are potential causes of the formation of muscular asymmetries, and thus of poor body posture. The aim of the paper is to determine the differences in posture of children of different levels of physical activity. The research involved an assessment of a sample of 42 handball players 13.02 ± 0.89 years and 32 non-athletes 13.16 ± 0.88 years. Three tests were used to evaluate the presence of poor posture, to evaluate the scoliotic poor posture - Adam’s forward bend test, to estimate the kyphotic poor posture –Reclination test with the contraction of the extensor muscle to assess the lordotic poor posture – Contraction test of the abdominal muscles. The obtained results of the chi square of the test indicate that there are no statistically significant differences between the analysed groups of subjects regarding the presence of the scoliotic (p = 0.85), the kyphotic (p = 0.77) and the lordotic poor posture (p = 0.82) between the defined groups. The assumption is that boys are involved in sports activities due to the impaired posture in adolescent age, in order to prevent further progression and formation of new bodily deformities and to avoid similar conditions.
Non-invasive measurement of mRNA decay reveals translation initiation as the major determinant of mRNA stability
Authors: Chan Leon Y , Mugler Christopher F , Heinrich Stephanie , Vallotton Pascal , Weis Karsten
Published: September 2018

The cytoplasmic abundance of mRNAs is strictly controlled through a balance of production and degradation. Whereas the control of mRNA synthesis through transcription has been well characterized, less is known about the regulation of mRNA turnover, and a consensus model explaining the wide variations in mRNA decay rates remains elusive. Here, we combine non-invasive transcriptome-wide mRNA production and stability measurements with selective and acute perturbations to demonstrate that mRNA degradation is tightly coupled to the regulation of translation, and that a competition between translation initiation and mRNA decay -but not codon optimality or elongation- is the major determinant of mRNA stability in yeast. Our refined measurements also reveal a remarkably dynamic transcriptome with an average mRNA half-life of only 4.8 min - much shorter than previously thought. Furthermore, global mRNA destabilization by inhibition of translation initiation induces a dose-dependent formation of processing bodies in which mRNAs can decay over time.
Enhanced ER proteostasis and temperature differentially impact the mutational tolerance of influenza hemagglutinin
Authors: Phillips Angela M , Doud Michael B , Gonzalez Luna O , Butty Vincent L , Lin Yu-Shan , Bloom Jesse D , Shoulders Matthew D
Published: September 2018

We systematically and quantitatively evaluate whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis factors impact the mutational tolerance of secretory pathway proteins. We focus on influenza hemaggluttinin (HA), a viral membrane protein that folds in the host’s ER via a complex pathway. By integrating chemical methods to modulate ER proteostasis with deep mutational scanning to assess mutational tolerance, we discover that upregulation of ER proteostasis factors broadly enhances HA mutational tolerance across diverse structural elements. Remarkably, this proteostasis network-enhanced mutational tolerance occurs at the same sites where mutational tolerance is most reduced by propagation at fever-like temperature. These findings have important implications for influenza evolution, because influenza immune escape is contingent on HA possessing sufficient mutational tolerance to evade antibodies while maintaining the capacity to fold and function. More broadly, this work provides the first experimental evidence that ER proteostasis mechanisms define the mutational tolerance and, therefore, the evolution of secretory pathway proteins.
Characteristics UWB Planar Antenna with dual notched bands for WIMAX and WLAN
Authors: Debab M. , Mahdjoub Z.
Published: September 2018

In this article, a novel design of ultra wideband monopole antenna with dual notched bands performance is proposed. The size of the UWB antenna is minimized to 20 -17.6mm2 , printed on FR4 substrate 1.5 mm thickness and loss tangent tan𝛿 =0.02, and is fed by coplanar waveguide. The operation bandwidth of the designed antenna is from 3.1 GHz to more than 10 GHz. Band notches characteristics of antenna to reject the frequency band, WIMAX Band and WLAN Band, is realized by cutting three quarter wavelength slots in the radiating patch. A quarter wavelength slot in the radiator of the antenna is used to create a frequency band notch at the WIMAX frequency band. However, the WLAN frequency band is notched using two symmetrical quarter wavelength slots. The proposed antenna is simulated using HFSS and CST high frequency simulators. These results are compared with measured results by using network analyzer.
Cyclic Ablation Behaviors of ZrB2–SiC Composites Sintered with Nano‐Sized Particles
Authors: Li Pan , Jin Xiaochao , Hou Cheng , Wang Xiaobing , Yuan Meini , Fan Xueling
Published: September 2018

Ultra‐high temperature ceramic (UHTC) is one of the most promising materials used in thermal protection system for hypersonic flight vehicles. In this work, ZrB2–0.5 vol% SiC composites are fabricated with nano‐sized ZrB2 and SiC particles by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1500 °C. The average density of the composites reaches 5.47 g cm−3, while the average grain size is only 1 μm. Then, single and cyclic ablation tests are conducted using a plasma generator. Ablation mechanisms and microstructure evaluation of the composites are discussed in detail. In addition, a digital optical microscope system is adopted to obtain the surface micrograph after ablation. Results show that ablation center will become protuberant rather than form an ablation crater, due to the relative porous and loose oxide layer and flushing action of ablation flame. Thickness of oxide layer and mass gain of the sample obviously increase during the single ablation, while the mass change rate decreases gradually and is then kept stable with the ablation time increasing. Compared with the single ablation, the cyclic ablation leads to higher mass gain and mass change rate, as many microcracks formed on the surface which will significantly accelerate the oxidation.
Optimization of Charge Carrier Extraction in Colloidal Quantum Dots Short‐Wave Infrared Photodiodes through Optical Engineering
Authors: Georgitzikis Epimitheas , Malinowski Pawel E. , Maes Jorick , Hadipour Afshin , Hens Zeger , Heremans Paul , Cheyns David
Published: September 2018

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) have attracted scientific interest for infrared (IR) optoelectronic devices due to their bandgap tunability and the ease of fabrication on arbitrary substrates. In this work, short‐wave IR photodetectors based on lead sulfide (PbS) QDs with high detectivity and low dark current is demonstrated. Using a combination of time‐resolved photoluminescence, carrier transport, and capacitance–voltage measurements, it is proved that the charge carrier diffusion length in the QD layer is negligible such that only photogenerated charges in the space charge region can be collected. To maximize the carrier extraction, an optical model for PbS QD‐based photodiodes is developed, and through optical engineering, the cavity at the wavelength of choice is optimized. This universal optimization recipe is applied to detectors sensitive to wavelengths above 1.4 µm, leading to external quantum efficiency of 30% and specific detectivity (D*) in the range of 1012 Jones.
An Autolytic High Strength Instant Adhesive Hydrogel for Emergency Self‐Rescue
Authors: Cui Chunyan , Wu Tengling , Gao Fei , Fan Chuanchuan , Xu Ziyang , Wang Hongbo , Liu Bo , Liu Wenguang
Published: September 2018

Adhesive hydrogels are promising to be explored as biomedical sealants, hemostatic agents, and glues in promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration. However, it is challenging to engineer a hydrogel combining instant robust adhesion and high strength. Herein, a high‐strength instantly self‐adhesive organic–inorganic hybrid (OIH) hydrogel by a one‐pot radical polymerization of N‐acryloyl 2‐glycine (ACG), biocompatible glycine derivative vinyl monomer with addition of hydroxyapatite (HAp), naturally occurring mineral is designed and fabricated. The hydrogen bonding from side chain of poly(N‐acryloyl 2‐glycine) (PACG), carboxyl‐Ca2+ ionic crosslinking together with PACG chain‐HAp physical interactions contribute to automatic self‐repairing high mechanical properties. Importantly, this OIH hydrogel exhibits robust adhesion to diverse substrates, presumably due to synergistic interactions of carboxyl with the substrate surface and the enhanced contact of PACG chains to adherent surfaces facilitated by HAp nanoparticles. Remarkably, the PACG‐HAp OIH hydrogels can instantly self‐adhere to the soft tissues with adhesion strength of 105 kPa, and anastomose the broken intestines, meanwhile promoting wound healing and stopping bleeding. The OIH hydrogel is autolytic in the body without eliciting inflammatory reaction. Further, the ready‐to‐use PACG‐HAp adhesive hydrogel can be properly stored for a long time. This novel hydrogel will find an appealing application as a new adhesive for emergency self‐rescue.
The Physics of Light Emission in Halide Perovskite Devices
Authors: Stranks Samuel D. , Hoye Robert L. Z. , Di Dawei , Friend Richard H. , Deschler Felix
Published: September 2018

Light emission is a critical property that must be maximized and controlled to reach the performance limits in optoelectronic devices such as photovoltaic solar cells and light‐emitting diodes. Halide perovskites are an exciting family of materials for these applications owing to uniquely promising attributes that favor strong luminescence in device structures. Herein, the current understanding of the physics of light emission in state‐of‐the‐art metal‐halide perovskite devices is presented. Photon generation and management, and how these can be further exploited in device structures, are discussed. Key processes involved in photoluminescence and electroluminescence in devices as well as recent efforts to reduce nonradiative losses in neat films and interfaces are discussed. Finally, pathways toward reaching device efficiency limits and how the unique properties of perovskites provide a tremendous opportunity to significantly disrupt both the power generation and lighting industries are outlined.
A dose‐ranging study of ticagrelor in children aged 3‐17 years with sickle cell disease: A 2‐part phase 2 study
Authors: Hsu Lewis L. , Sarnaik Sharada , Williams Suzan , Amilon Carl , Wissmar Jenny , Berggren Anders ,   on behalf of the HESTIA1 Investigators
Published: September 2018

Antiplatelet treatment is a potential therapeutic approach for sickle cell disease (SCD). Ticagrelor inhibits platelet aggregation and is approved for adults with acute coronary syndrome and following myocardial infarction. HESTIA1 (NCT02214121) was a 2‐part, phase 2 dose‐finding study generating ticagrelor exposure, platelet inhibition, and safety data in children with SCD (3‐17 years). In part A (n = 45), patients received 2 ticagrelor single doses, 0.125‐2.25 mg/kg (washout ≥7 days), then 7 days of twice‐daily (bid) dosing with 0.125, 0.563, or 0.75 mg/kg. In the 4‐week blinded Part B extension (optional), patients received ticagrelor (0.125, 0.563, or 0.75 mg/kg bid; n = 16) or placebo (n = 7). Platelet reactivity decreased from baseline to 2 hours postdosing, and returned to near baseline after 6 hours postdosing. Dose‐dependent platelet inhibition was seen with ticagrelor; mean relative P2Y12 reaction unit inhibition 2 hours after a single dose ranged from 6% (0.125 mg/kg) to 73% (2.25 mg/kg). Ticagrelor plasma exposure increased approximately dose proportionally. No patients experienced a hemorrhagic event during treatment. No differences were seen between groups in pain ratings and analgesic use during Part B. Ticagrelor was well tolerated with no safety concerns, no discontinuations due to adverse events (AEs), and reported AEs were mainly due to SCD. In conclusion, a dose‐exposure‐response relationship for ticagrelor was demonstrated in children with SCD for the first time. These data are important for future pediatric studies of the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor in SCD.
Randomized double‐blinded clinical trial of 5% dextrose versus triamcinolone injection for carpal tunnel syndrome patients
Authors: Wu Yung‐Tsan , Ke Ming‐Jen , Ho Tsung‐Yen , Li Tsung‐Ying , Shen Yu‐Ping , Chen Liang‐Cheng
Published: September 2018

Objective

Perineural injection with 5% dextrose (D5W) is a novel strategy in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). In contrast, perineural injection with corticosteroid has been used for decades for treating CTS, but possible neurotoxicity has been a major concern. No studies investigating the comparative effects have been published so far. The authors performed a prospective, randomized, double‐blinded, head‐to‐head comparative trial to compare these two approaches for patients having mild‐to‐moderate CTS.

Methods

Fifty‐four participants with mild‐to‐moderate CTS were randomly divided into dextrose and steroid groups. The patients were administered 1 session of perineural injection with 5ml D5W (dextrose group) or 3ml triamcinolone acetonide mixed with 2ml normal saline (steroid group), under ultrasound guidance. A visual analog scale was assigned to assess the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes were assessed using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire, cross‐sectional area of the median nerve, and electrophysiological studies. The assessment was performed prior to injection and 1, 3, 4, and 6 months postinjection.

Results

All patients (27 wrists per group) completed the study. Compared with the steroid group, the dextrose group exhibited a significant reduction in pain and disability through the 4th to the 6th month (p < 0.01).

Interpretation

Our study demonstrates that perineural injection of D5W is more beneficial than that of corticosteroid in patients with mild‐to‐moderate CTS at 4 to 6 months postinjection. Ann Neurol 2018;84:601–610
Generation of the UFM1 Toolkit for Profiling UFM1‐Specific Proteases and Ligases
Authors: Witting Katharina F. , van der Heden van Noort Gerbrand J. , Kofoed Christian , Talavera Ormeño Cami , el Atmioui Dris , Mulder Monique P. C. , Ovaa Huib
Published: September 2018

Ubiquitin‐fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is a reversible post‐translational modifier that is covalently attached to target proteins through an enzymatic cascade and removed by designated proteases. Abnormalities in this process, referred to as Ufmylation, have been associated with a variety of human diseases. Given this, the UFM1‐specific enzymes represent potential therapeutic targets; however, understanding of their biological function has been hampered by the lack of chemical tools for activity profiling. To address this unmet need, a diversifiable platform for UFM1 activity‐based probes (ABPs) utilizing a native chemical ligation (NCL) strategy was developed, enabling the generation of a variety of tools to profile both UFM1 conjugating and deconjugating enzymes. The use of the probes is demonstrated in vitro and in vivo for monitoring UFM1 enzyme reactivity, opening new research avenues.
Reversible Photoswitching and Isomer‐Dependent Diffusion of Single Azobenzene Tetramers on a Metal Surface
Authors: Nacci Christophe , Baroncini Massimo , Credi Alberto , Grill Leonhard
Published: September 2018

Azobenzene is a prototypical molecular switch that can be reversibly photoisomerized between the nearly planar and apolar trans form, and the distorted, polar cis form. Most studies related to azobenzene derivatives have focused on planar adsorbed molecules. We present herein the study of a three‐dimensional shape‐persistent molecular architecture consisting of four tetrahedrally arranged azobenzene units that is adsorbed on a Ag(111) surface. While the azobenzenes of the tripod in contact with the surface lost their switching ability, different isomers of the upright standing arm of the tetramer were obtained reversibly and efficiently by illumination at different wavelengths, revealing time constants of only a few minutes. Diffusion on the surface was dependent on the isomeric state—trans or cis—of the upright oriented azobenzene group. Hence, molecular mobility can be modulated by its isomeric state, which suggests that molecular growth processes could be controlled by external stimuli.
Identification and characterization of capa and pyrokinin genes in the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera): Gene structure, immunocytochemistry, and differential expression
Authors: Ahn Seung‐Joon , Choi Man‐Yeon
Published: September 2018

CAPA and pyrokinin (PK) neuropeptides are produced from two different genes, capa and
pyrokinin, respectively. In this study, we identified and characterized the
capa and
pyrokinin genes from the brown marmorated stink bug,
Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera). The
capa gene encodes two CAPA‐PVK (periviscerokinin) peptides (DAGLFPFPRVamide and EQLIPFPRVamide) and one CAPA‐DH (diapause hormone; NGASGNGGLWFGPRLamide). The
pyrokinin gene encodes three PK2 peptides (QLVSFRPRLamide, SPPFAPRLamide, and FYAPFSPRLamide). The whole‐mounting immunocytochemistry revealed the neurons contained PRXamide‐like peptides throughout the cerebral ganglia (CRG), gnathal ganglia (GNG), thoracic ganglia (TG), and abdominal ganglia (AG). A pair of neurosecretory cells in the CRG and three cell clusters in the GNG were found with the axonal projections extended through the lateral side. A pair of immunostained cells were found in the TG, while three pairs of cells were present in the fused AG. Different expression patterns of
capa and
pyrokinin genes were observed in the CRG–GNG, TG, and AG. The
capa gene was highly expressed in the AG tissue, whereas the
pyrokinin gene was strongly expressed in the CRG–GNG. Interestingly, different developmental stages showed similar expressions of both genes, with the highest from the first nymph, gradually decreasing to the female adult. Comparison of peptide sequences encoded from
pyrokinin genes showed the PK1 peptide is lost in Heteroptera suborders including
H. halys, but retained in other suborders. The missing PK1 from the
pyrokinin gene might be compensated by CAPA‐DH (=PK1‐like) produced by the
capa gene.
Multiple Halogenation of Aliphatic C−H Bonds within the Hofmann–Löffler Manifold
Authors: Del Castillo Estefanía , Martínez Mario D. , Bosnidou Alexandra E. , Duhamel Thomas , O'Broin Calvin Q. , Zhang Hongwei , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Martínez‐Belmonte Marta , Muñiz Kilian
Published: September 2018

An innovative approach to position‐selective polyhalogenation of aliphatic hydrocarbon bonds is presented. The reaction proceeded within the Hofmann‐Löffler manifold with amidyl radicals as the sole mediators to induce selective 1,5‐ and 1,6‐hydrogen‐atom transfer followed by halogenation. Multiple halogenation events of up to four innate C−H bond functionalizations were accomplished. The broad applicability of this new entry into polyhalogenation and the resulting synthetic possibilities were demonstrated for a total of 27 different examples including mixed halogenations.
Tongue image segmentation via color decomposition and thresholding
Authors: Li Zuoyong , Yu Zhaochai , Liu Weixia , Xu Yong , Zhang Daoqiang , Cheng Yong
Published: September 2018

Tongue image segmentation is a crucial step in developing an automatic tongue diagnosis system. After exploring characteristics of image thresholding in different color spaces, we propose a simple and effective tongue image segmentation method. Specifically, the proposed method first extracts an initial tongue body region by performing image thresholding on the transformed hue component in HSI (Hue, Saturation, and Intensity) color space. Then, one of two image thresholding results on the red component of an original tongue image is adaptively selected to find the gap region between the tongue body root and the upper lip. Finally, the initial tongue body region is refined by removing fake object regions such as the upper lip to obtain final tongue image segmentation result. Experimental results on a tongue image dataset containing 200 subjects demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
An online approach to defeating ROP attacks∗
Authors: Tian Donghai , Jia Xiaoqi , Zhang Zhaolong , Zhan Li , Hu Changzhen , Xue Jingfeng
Published: September 2018

Return‐Oriented Programming (ROP) attacks become very popular in recent years as these attacks can bypass traditional defense mechanisms such as data execution prevention (DEP) effectively. Previous solutions suffer from limitations in that: 1) some methods need to modify the target programs; 2) some methods introduce considerable performance cost; 3) some methods rely on the special hardware; and 4) ,most of existing methods could not provide an online protection for the target processes. In this paper, we present OnRop, an on‐the‐fly ROP attack protection system by using the commodity hardware features and OS internal facilities. Our system is compatible with the existing programs, and its protection layer can be added on demand. The experiments show that OnRop can detect ROP attacks effectively with moderate performance cost.
Petrographical, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics of the Palaeocene lateritic bauxite deposits of Kachchh Basin, Western India
Authors: Singh B.P. , Srivastava V.K.
Published: September 2018

Petrographical, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics of a blanket‐type lateritic bauxite deposit, bordering the Deccan basalt in Kachchh, are investigated to interpret the parent rock, lateritization processes, and palaeogeographical position of the basin. The presence of partly weathered vesicular basalt at the base of the succession along with partly preserved plagioclase, augite, and hornblende in petrographical observations suggests the in situ nature of these bauxites. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals gibbsite as the major bauxitic mineral associated with kaolinite, goethite, titanium‐rich anatase, calcite, haematite, and quartz as subconstituents. The presence of gibbsite, kaolinite, and goethite in the majority suggests that warm and humid climatic conditions prevailed during the lateritic bauxite formation. SEM‐EDS analysis shows that most of the gibbsites are mesocrystalline with particle sizes 50–200 μm that coexists with microcrystalline goethite, kaolinite, rutile, and haematite. These deposits are classified as bauxite, ferruginous bauxite, and laterite, based on chemical composition. The high CIA values (86.6–98.1%) suggest their formation under high run‐off and water‐logged conditions similar to that which prevails in the equatorial region. The Zr–Cr–Ga ternary plot testifies to the mafic composition of the parent rock. The major oxides and chondrite‐normalized trace and REEs behaviours, (La/Sm)N ratio (~5.77), and Eu anomaly of these lateritic bauxites suggest that they (bauxites) were formed in situ by the intensive leaching and alteration of the basaltic parent rock, and the process of bauxitization followed the path of deferruginization and destruction of kaolinite. The development of a lateritic regolith over the Deccan basalt was possible during Palaeocene time when the Indian Plate was in complete isolation and the Kachchh region was positioned near the equator in the Southern Hemisphere.
Household coping strategies after an adult noncommunicable disease death in Bangladesh
Authors: Mirelman Andrew J. , Trujillo Antonio J. , Niessen Louis W. , Ahmed Sayem , Khan Jahangir A.M. , Peters David H.
Published: September 2018

When facing adverse health from noncommunicable disease (NCD), households adopt coping strategies that may further enforce poverty traps. This study looks at coping after an adult NCD death in rural Bangladesh. Compared with similar households without NCD deaths, households with NCD deaths were more likely to reduce basic expenditure and to have decreased social safety net transfers. Household composition changes showed that there was demographic coping for prime age deaths through the addition of more women. The evidence for coping responses from NCDs in low‐ and middle‐income countries may inform policy options such as social protection to address health‐related impoverishment.
Hydrochemical behaviour of an underground dammed limestone aquifer in the subtropics
Authors: Nakaya Shinji , Yasumoto Jun , Ha Phan Min , Aoki Hideto , Kohara Fumiya , Masuda Harue , Masuoka Kentaroh
Published: September 2018

In an island area with limited surface water resources, the conservation of fresh groundwater resources is important for the maintenance of the water supply and irrigation system to be used in agricultural activity. In a limestone aquifer used for irrigation on a subtropical island, the progress of the dissolution behaviour of the aquifer and the effects of CO2 storage and chemical weathering of the aquifer must be understood to ensure sustainable groundwater use. In this study, hydrochemical behaviour of the Ryukyu limestone aquifer was investigated using the residence time of slowly flowing groundwater, which is contained by a 2.3‐km‐long underground man‐made dam constructed in 2005 located at the southern edge of Okinawa Island, Japan. Groundwater dating and horizontal flow velocity measurements indicate that the groundwater horizontal flow is slow in the underground dam area, whereas the saturation index (SI) for calcite indicates that the majority of the limestone exists in a supersaturated condition. The range of SI for gypsum was indicative of subsaturation, and the SI increased with the groundwater residence time, suggesting that the dissolution of CaSO4 tends to proceed slowly through the common ion effect. The dissolution of CaCO3, however, tends to be in suspension within about a residence time of 20 years. The apparent dissolution rate of Ca in the Ryukyu limestone aquifer in this area was estimated to be approximately 2.70–4.06 nmol cm−2 year−1, a value much lower than that of the early stages of the limestone dissolution. The estimated groundwater CO2 (gas) concentrations are two order high (about 0.3–7%) relative to atmospheric CO2 (about 0.04%), and the groundwater pH shows a tendency to decrease from 7.4 to 6.9 over the last approximately 20 years, indicating that the hydration reaction of CO2 occurs in the Ryukyu limestone aquifer. These findings imply that high CO2 produced in the subtropical zone is consumed slower than CO2 production during limestone dissolution, with the exclusion of the early stage of the chemical weathering process, and causes groundwater acidification in the underground dammed limestone aquifer.
Irreversible effects of trichloroethylene on the gut microbial community and gut‐associated immune responses in autoimmune‐prone mice
Authors: Khare Sangeeta , Gokulan Kuppan , Williams Katherine , Bai Shasha , Gilbert Kathleen M. , Blossom Sarah J.
Published: September 2018

The developing immune system is particularly sensitive to immunotoxicants. This study assessed trichloroethylene (TCE)‐induced effects on the gut microbiome and cytokine production during the development in mice. Mice were exposed to TCE (0.05 or 500 μg/mL) at the levels that approximate to environmental or occupational exposure, respectively. Mice were subjected to a continuous developmental exposure to these doses encompassing gestation, lactation and continuing directly in the drinking water postnatally for 154 days (PND154) or PND259. To observe persistence of the effect TCE was removed from the drinking water in a subset of mice on PND154 and were provided regular drinking water until the study terminus (PND259). Abundance of total tissue‐associated bacteria reduced only in mice exposed to TCE until PND259. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes did not alter during this continuos exposure; however, cessation of high‐dose TCE at PND154 resulted in the increased abundance Bacteroidetes at PND259. Furthermore, high‐dose TCE exposure until PND259 resulted in a lower abundance of the genera Bacteroides and Lactobaccilus and increased abundance of genus Bifidobactrium and bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae. TCE exposure until PND154 showed significant changes in the production of interleukin‐33; that might play a dual role in maintaining the balance and homeostasis between commensal microbiota and mucosal health. At PND259, interleukin‐3, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and Eotaxin were altered in both, the continuous exposure and cessation groups, whereas only a cessation group had a higher level of KC that may facilitate infiltration of neutrophils. The irreversible effects of TCE after a period of exposure cessation suggested a unique programming and potential toxicity of TCE even at the environmental level exposure.