bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The prognostic value of the Merkel cell polyomavirus serum antibody test: A dual institutional observational study
Authors: Miller David M. , Shalhout Sophia Z. , Wright Kayla M. , Miller Matt A. , Kaufman Howard L. , Emerick Kevin S. , Reeder Harrison T. , Silk Ann W. , Thakuria Manisha
Published: May 2024

Background

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive cancer with often poor outcomes. Limited biomarkers exist for predicting clinical outcomes. The Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) serum antibody test (AMERK) has shown potential for indicating better recurrence‐free survival in a single‐institution study. The study aimed to evaluate the link between initial AMERK serostatus and survival. Secondary objectives included examining the relationship between initial AMERK titer levels and tumor burden.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study across two institutions analyzed patients tested with AMERK within 90 days of MCC diagnosis. Regression models assessed the association of survival outcomes with serostatus, considering various factors. The relationship between AMERK titer and tumor burden indicators was evaluated using ANOVA. Significance testing was exploratory, without a fixed significance level.

Results

Of 261 MCC patients tested, 49.4% were initially seropositive (titer ≥75). Multivariable analysis showed that seropositivity improved recurrence, event‐free, overall, and MCC‐specific survival rates. Strong associations were found between initial AMERK titer and clinical, tumor, and nodal stages, tumor size, and disease extent. Notably, improved survival with seropositivity was observed only in patients with localized disease at initial presentation.

Conclusion

Circulating antibodies to MCPyV oncoproteins, as indicated by the AMERK test, are linked with better survival in MCC patients with localized disease at presentation. This could enhance patient risk profiling and treatment personalization. The study's retrospective nature and exploratory analysis are key limitations.

Plain Language Summary

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a potentially aggressive skin cancer, and tools to predict patient outcomes are limited.

A blood test called anti‐Merkel cell panel (AMERK), which checks for specific antibodies related to this cancer, might give us some clues.

In this study, we looked at 261 MCC patients who took the AMERK test within 90 days of diagnosis.

We found that patients with an initial positive AMERK result tended to have better outcomes, especially if their cancer was in the early stages.

However, it is important to note that this study has limitations, including using retrospective data and exploratory analyses.
Health‐related social needs, medical financial hardship, and mortality risk among cancer survivors
Authors: Zheng Zhiyuan , Hu Xin , Banegas Matthew P. , Han Xuesong , Zhao Jingxuan , Shi Kewei Sylvia , Yabroff K. Robin
Published: May 2024

Background

Cancer survivors may face challenges affording food, housing, and other living necessities, which are known as health‐related social needs (HRSNs). However, little is known about the associations of HRSNs and mortality risk among adult cancer survivors.

Methods

Adult cancer survivors were identified from the 2013–2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and linked with the NHIS Mortality File with vital status through December 31, 2019. HRSNs, measured by food insecurity, and nonmedical financial worries (e.g., housing costs), was categorized as severe, moderate, and minor/none. Medical financial hardship, including material, psychological, and behavioral domains, was categorized as 2‐3, 1, or 0 domains. Using age as the time scale, the associations of HRSNs and medical financial hardship and mortality risk were assessed with weighted adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Among cancer survivors 18–64 years old (n = 5855), 25.5% and 18.3% reported moderate and severe levels of HRSNs, respectively; among survivors 65–79 years old (n = 5918), 15.6% and 6.6% reported moderate and severe levels of HRSNs, respectively. Among cancer survivors 18–64 years old, severe HRSNs was associated with increased mortality risk (hazards ratio [HR], 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36–2.93, p < .001; reference = minor/none) in adjusted analyses. Among cancer survivors 65–79 years old, 2‐3 domains of medical financial hardship was associated with increased mortality risk (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.13–2.20, p = .007; reference = 0 domain).

Conclusions

HSRNs and financial hardship are associated with increased mortality risk among cancer survivors; comprehensive assessment of HRSN and financial hardship connecting patients with relevant services can inform efforts to mitigate adverse consequences of cancer.
Fabrication of Ni‐Polyaniline/Graphene Oxide Composite Electrode with High Capacitance and Water Splitting Activity
Authors: Myasoedova Tatiana N. , Nedoedkova Olga V. , Kalusulingam Rajathsing , Popov Yury V. , Mikheykin Alexey S. , Konstantinov Alexey S. , Zhengyou Li , Mikhailova Tatiana S. , Shmatko Valentina A. , Yalovega Galina E.
Published: May 2024

The Ni‐PANI@GO composite electrode was fabricated via cost effective electrodeposition technique. According to the XRD, FTIR, Raman, SEM, and XPS analyses revealed that the nickel doped PANI@GO composite has been fabricated on the surface of the nickel foam. Addition of nickel significantly enhanced interaction between graphene with PANI leading to higher degree of polyaniline doping though imine groups. Electrochemical investigation revelated the significant performance of the Ni‐PANI@GO composite electrode, boosting an impressive capacitance of 4480 F/g at 40 A/g, surpassing previous Ni‐foam‐based binder‐free electrodes. Notably, Ni‐PANI@GO electrode displayed excellent catalytic activity in both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), generating a considerable volume of the gas bubbles at relatively modest overpotentials of 279 mV and 244 mV respectively. This event allows for the achievement of 20 mA cm−2 current density. Furthermore, in the laboratory‐scale water electrolyzer, a low cell voltage of 1.72 V was achieved, facilitating a water‐splitting current density of 20 mA cm−2. This study underscores the premising potential for the real‐world device's application of the versatile Ni‐PANI@GO composite electrode.
Controlling Chirogenic Effects in Porphyrin Based Supramolecular Systems: Theoretical Analysis Versus Experimental Observations
Authors: Osadchuk Irina , Luts Hanna‐Eliisa , Zahharova Aleksandra , Tamm Toomas , Borovkov Victor
Published: May 2024

Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy is a widely employed method for studying chiral analysis, requiring the presence of a chromophore close to a chiral centre. Porphyrinoids are found to be one of the best chromophoric systems serving for this purpose and enabling the application of ECD spectroscopy for chirality determination across diverse classes of organic compounds. Consequently, it is crucial to understand the induction mechanisms of ECD in the porphyrin‐based complexes. The present study explores systematically the influence of secondary chromophores, bonded to an achiral zinc porphyrin or to chiral guest molecules, on the B‐region of ECD spectra using the time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations. The study analyses the impact of change in both the conformation of achiral porphyrin (host) and change in position and conformation of chiral organic molecule (guest) on the B‐band of ECD spectra (energy, intensity, sign of Cotton effect). Finally, conclusions made on model complexes are applied to published experimental data, contributing to a deeper understanding of various factors influencing ECD spectra in chiral systems. In addition, a computer program aimed to help rationalise ECD spectra by visualizing corresponding orbital energies, rotatory strengths, electric and magnetic transition moments, and angles between them, is presented.
Palmer Amaranth in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Adjesiwor Albert T. , Liu Rui , Felix Joel , Alder Clarke
Published: May 2024

Palmer amaranth is one of the most troublesome pigweeds in crop production systems in the United States. It only recently started to appear in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). A coordinated extension and outreach effort among land grant universities (University of Idaho, Oregon State University, and Washington State University), Amalgamated Sugar, other commodity commissions, and industry was launched to track Palmer amaranth in the PNW. In 2023, tissue samples were collected from pigweeds suspected to be Palmer amaranth with tests providing confirmation. Palmer amaranth was detected in several crops as well as right‐of‐way and private property. Most of the Palmer amaranth populations were confirmed to be resistant to glyphosate. Additional surveys and resistance screening efforts are underway to map the distribution of Palmer amaranth and assess the level of herbicide resistance across the region. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Do board attributes influence environmental sustainability disclosure in manufacturing firms? Evidence from sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Zhu Naiping , Osei Abednego , Agyemang Andrew Osei
Published: May 2024

The study builds and extends on the literature on the environment, corporate governance, and sustainability by examining how board attributes impact environmental sustainability disclosure (ESD) and, if so, whether each of the two strands of board attributes, namely, board diversity and structural attributes, influence ESD for manufacturing firms in the sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) region. Based on insights drawn from the human capital theory and board composition, the study developed a model that connects board attributes with ESD. Using a sample of 200 manufacturing firms from 2010 to 2022, the study found an inverse link between gender diversity and ESD, whereas a positive connection was seen between foreign nationals and ESD. Regarding structural attributes, an inverse link was found between board size and ESD, while a positive connection exists between the separation of the board chair from the chief executive officer and ESD. In summary, the findings urge policymakers in the SSA region to strengthen policies on board diversity and structural attributes to promote ESD. Moreover, the findings advise the board of directors to ensure effective and transparent disclosure of environmental‐related issues to stakeholders to guarantee sustainable reporting practices.
Aquivion‐Based Spray Freeze‐Dried Composite Materials for the Cascade Production of γ‐Valerolactone
Authors: Allegri Alessandro , Saotta Anna , Liuzzi Francesca , Gianotti Enrica , Paul Geo , Cattaneo Alice S. , Oldani Claudio , Brigliadori Andrea , Zanoni Ilaria , Fornasari Giuseppe , Dimitratos Nikolaos , Albonetti Stefania
Published: May 2024

The development of multifunctional catalysts is a necessary step to effectively carry out one‐pot cascade reactions, such as that from furfural to γ‐valerolactone. This research effort faces the challenge posed by the intrinsic limit of how many kinds of catalytic sites a single material can bear. In this work, the application of Spray‐Freeze Drying (SFD) as a synthetic technique for the preparation of a wide range of innovative composite multi‐functional catalysts is reported. Herein we show that by the proper combination of Aquivion as a highly active Brønsted acid catalyst and metal oxides as both support materials and Lewis acids (LAS) enable to achieve highly unique efficient and effective dual acid composite catalysts that are able to carry out the cascade reaction from furfural to γ‐valerolactone. The dual catalytic system comprised of Aq/ZrO2 with 30 % polymer content prepared via spray‐freeze drying exhibited GVL yields of 25 % after only 2 h at 180 °C and a remarkably high productivity of 4470 μmolGVL gCat−1 h−1, one of the highest reported results. Mechanistic studies based on experimental and advanced characterisation and spectroscopic techniques, such as, SEM, TEM, 15N MAS NMR and 19F MAS NMR indicate that activity arises from the proper tuning of BAS/LAS (Brønsted Acid Site/Lewis Acid Site) acidic properties.
GWAS advancements to investigate disease associations and biological mechanisms
Authors: Omidiran Oluwaferanmi , Patel Aashna , Usman Sarah , Mhatre Ishani , Abdelhalim Habiba , DeGroat William , Narayanan Rishabh , Singh Kritika , Mendhe Dinesh , Ahmed Zeeshan
Published: May 2024

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have been instrumental in elucidating the genetic architecture of various traits and diseases. Despite the success of GWAS, inherent limitations such as identifying rare and ultra‐rare variants, the potential for spurious associations and pinpointing causative agents can undermine diagnostic capabilities. This review provides an overview of GWAS and highlights recent advances in genetics that employ a range of methodologies, including whole‐genome sequencing (WGS), Mendelian randomisation (MR), the Pangenome's high‐quality Telomere‐to‐Telomere (T2T)‐CHM13 panel and the Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP), as potential enablers of current and future GWAS research. The state of the literature demonstrates the capabilities of these techniques to enhance the statistical power of GWAS. WGS, with its comprehensive approach, captures the entire genome, surpassing the capabilities of the traditional GWAS technique focused on predefined single nucleotide polymorphism sites. The Pangenome's T2T‐CHM13 panel, with its holistic approach, aids in the analysis of regions with high sequence identity, such as segmental duplications. MR has advanced causative inference, improving clinical diagnostics and facilitating definitive conclusions. Furthermore, spatial biology techniques such as HuBMAP enable 3D molecular mapping of tissues at single‐cell resolution, offering insights into pathology of complex traits. This study aimed to elucidate and advocate for the increased application of these technologies, highlighting their potential to shape the future of GWAS research.
Resource‐based trade‐offs and the adaptive significance of seasonal plasticity in butterfly wing melanism
Authors: Stoehr Andrew M. , Glaenzer Katelyn , VanWanzeele Devin , Rumschlag Samantha
Published: May 2024

Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of an organism to alter its phenotype in response to environmental cues. This can be adaptive if the cues are reliable predictors of impending conditions and the alterations enhance the organism's ability to capitalize on those conditions. However, since traits do not exist in isolation but as part of larger interdependent systems of traits (phenotypic integration), trade‐offs between correlated plastic traits can make phenotypic plasticity non‐ or maladaptive. We examine this problem in the seasonally plastic wing melanism of a pierid (Order Lepidoptera, Family Pieridae) butterfly, Pieris rapae L. Several wing pattern traits are more melanized in colder than in warmer seasons, resulting in effective thermoregulation through solar absorption. However, other wing pattern traits, the spots, are less melanized during colder seasons than in warmer seasons. Although spot plasticity may be adaptive, reduced melanism of these spots could also be explained by resource‐based trade‐offs. Theory predicts that traits involved in resource‐based trade‐offs will be positively correlated when variation among individuals in resource acquisition is greater than variation among individuals in resource allocation strategies, and negatively correlated when variation in allocation is greater than variation in acquisition. Using data from both field studies and laboratory studies that manipulate dietary tyrosine, a melanin precursor, we show that when allocation to thermoregulatory melanism (ventral hindwing, and basal dorsal fore‐ and hindwing “shading”) varies substantially this trait is negatively correlated with spot melanism. However, when there is less variation in allocation to thermoregulatory melanism we find these traits to be positively correlated; these findings are consistent with the resource‐based trade‐off hypothesis, which may provide a non‐ or maladaptive hypothesis to explain spot plasticity. We also show that increased dietary tyrosine results in increased spot melanism under some conditions, supporting the more general idea that melanism may involve resource‐based costs.
Self‐Assembly of Polyoxometalate Clusters into Nanostructures with Different Dimensions
Authors: Zhao Yali , Wang Ziru , Ni Jun , He Peilei
Published: May 2024

Self‐assembly of polyoxometalate (POM) clusters offers a viable method for constructing nanostructures with tailored properties. Over the past few decades, POMs‐based nanostructures of varying dimensions, such as nanowires, nanobelts, nanosheets, and other superstructures, have been constructed. Additionally, these nanostructures show broad prospects in optical, electrochemical, catalytic, and mechanical applications. Particularly noteworthy are surface modifications, such as surfactant encapsulation, which yield amphiphilic POMs. These modifications render the POMs compatible with organic systems, significantly broadening their morphological and functional applicability. This concept provides an overview of recent advancements in nanostructures based on self‐assembly of surfactant encapsulated POM clusters, encompassing one‐dimensional (1D), two‐dimensional (2D), and three‐dimensional (3D) structures. Through surfactant encapsulation, POM clusters can be rendered compatible with various solvents, facilitating the formation of hybrid assemblies with diverse morphologies and unique properties. The structures, formation mechanisms, and properties of these sub‐nanometer assemblies are discussed from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. This concept aims to provide a new insight into the design and fabrication of nanostructures based on POM clusters.
Aspects of Ammonia as Green Fuel for Propulsion Systems of Inland Water Vessels
Authors: Braun Annalena , Gierenz Niklas , Braun Samuel , Kubach Heiko , Bernhardt Sören , Prehn Sascha , Müller Moritz , Engelmeier Lena , Fehlemann Lukas , Steffen Michael , Baufeld Torsten , Neuhaus Günther , Müller Karsten , Mohr Hinrich
Published: May 2024

Ships are a crucial backbone of the transport system for goods and people. However, the currently utilized fossil fuels require a green replacement. Ammonia produced from green hydrogen is an interesting, carbon‐free green fuel, which has been demonstrated to be promising for maritime applications. Its application under the specific boundary conditions of river ships and other inland water vessels still deserves a closer evaluation. In this work, ammonia as a green fuel for propulsion systems of inland water vessels is evaluated regarding several technological aspects. These include onboard decomposition for hydrogen release, combustion of ammonia–hydrogen mixtures in internal combustion engines and the thermal integration of the different components. To achieve favorable combustion properties of the fuel, a certain share of the ammonia has to be decomposed in an ammonia cracker to produce a mixture of hydrogen and ammonia. First single‐cylinder engine tests show that the combined combustion of ammonia and hydrogen allow an efficient and reliable process for the investigated high‐speed engine concept. Efficiency values of nearly 40% at part load already are achieved. With proper system integration, it is possible to reasonably operate small‐ and medium‐sized ships with ammonia as a green fuel.
Don't push the wrong button. The concept of microperspective in futures research
Authors: Virmajoki Veli , Laakkonen Mika‐Petri
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we introduce the notion of a microperspective to futures research. Contrary to the more traditional timespans of futures research that are measured in years or decades, a microperspective focuses on shorter timespans that can be measured even in minutes. We point out that the use of a microperspective can provide an understanding of the central issues of futures research from a new angle. These issues involve the difficulties in estimating the future, the entanglement of the future with accounts of it, and the (in)ability to relate to certain futures. We argue that a microperspective can provide an understanding of how patterns shaping the future are created, how people respond to patterns, and how conflicts and misunderstandings shape the future. As an illustrative case, we discuss how the workings of elevators and the development of predictive algorithms in Kone corporation shape the future moment‐by‐moment in an interaction between the users and the developers. A microperspective shows how the different temporal orientations of the actors and their different interpretations of the environment interact. The case indicates that a microperspective can provide a novel way to study some of the central issues in futures research. The case also indicates that the notion of a microperspective is not merely an academic concept but has practical utility in planning and creating the future.
A traditional fermented bamboo shoot reduces intracellular fat accumulation and promotes fat browning in differentiated 3T3‐L1 adipocyte cells through the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway
Authors: Barge Sagar R , Bhattacharya Anupam , Kumar Arun , Das Sushmita , Joishy Tulsi , Mukherjee Ashis K , Bhattacharjee Maloyjo Joyraj , Khan Mojibur R
Published: May 2024

Functional foods, such as fermented bamboo shoots, have a long history of consumption among the ethnic communities in northeast India. These locally fermented bamboo shoots contain a wealth of beneficial microbes and metabolites that can help combat metabolic syndromes like obesity. However, the precise effects and mechanism behind fermented bamboo shoot products and their anti‐obesity properties remain unknown. This study aims to explore the different types of fermented bamboo shoot products to determine their potential anti‐obesity effects as well as to analyze their microbial diversity and metabolite profiles. Using both culture‐dependent and culture‐independent methods, we found a high abundance of lactic acid bacteria from the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria phyla in the sample. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) based untargeted metabolite profiling detected several aroma‐active compounds, bioactive metabolites, short‐chain fatty acids, and essential amino acids in the samples. The water extract derived from a particular type of fermented bamboo shoot, Melye‐amiley, was found to significantly reduce intracellular lipid accumulation in cultured 3T3‐L1 cells. In addition, this extract increased the expression of lipolytic (hormone‐sensitive lipase, lipoprotein lipase, and adipose triglyceride lipase) and browning regulator genes (uncoupling protein [UCP1], PRDM16, and PGC1‐alpha). By activating the AMPK signaling pathway, the water extract from Melye‐amiley also upregulated thermogenic protein expression and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid β‐oxidation. These findings suggest that fermented bamboo shoot extract has promising anti‐obesity effects by boosting energy expenditure in white adipocytes. Future research is necessary to identify the active ingredient(s) that may lead to new therapies to treat obesity.
Barriers to ethical treatment of patients in clinical environments: A systematic narrative review
Authors: Dehkordi Fatemeh Ghani , Torabizadeh Camellia , Rakhshan Mahnaz , Vizeshfar Fatemeh
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim

It is essential that healthcare providers display ethical behavior toward their patients. Despite development of codes of ethics for clinical practice, the occurrence of unethical behaviors toward patients is alarmingly high. The present study was conducted to identify the barriers to ethical treatment of patients in clinical environments.

Methods

Through systematic narrative review, the present study investigated the barriers to ethical treatment of patients. This study was carried out in line with Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 and Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.

Results

Ethical challenges in clinical environments can be classified into two categories: “organizational factors” and “personal factors.” Organizational factors consist of three domains: managers and regulations, organizational environment, and human resources. Personal factors consist of two domains: factors related to patients and their families and factors related to care providers.

Conclusion

Research shows that encouraging healthcare teams to adopt ethical behaviors through education and having them persistently observe ethics in their clinical practice will not completely bridge the gap between theory and practice: it seems that the clinical environment, the personal characteristics of healthcare team members and patients, and the organizational values of the healthcare system pose the greatest barrier to bridging this gap. Accordingly, in addition to raising healthcare providers’ awareness of the existing issues in clinical ethics, measures should be taken to improve organizational culture and atmosphere.
The effect of needle type (25 G Sprotte vs. Quincke) in spinal anesthesia on the incidence of transient neurologic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ziaei Somayeh , Yari Mitra , Pizarro Ana Beatriz , Golfam Parisa , Ahmadi Alireza
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims

Transient neurologic syndrome (TNS) is a postoperative pain in the back and buttock that can occur after spinal anesthesia. The spinal needle design may have an impact on the occurrence of TNS. We decided to compare the incidence of TNS and related factors between two spinal needle types.

Methods

In this randomized clinical trial, 150 patients aged 18–60 years and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I who underwent lower abdomen or lower extremity surgeries with spinal anesthesia and supine position were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups (25 G Quincke or Sprotte needle) with 0.5% bupivacaine (12.5 mg). After the operation, the patients were asked to report any pain in the lower back, buttock, and thigh areas. A Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was also used to record the severity of the pain.

Results

Overall, 45 patients developed TNS. Twenty‐nine patients in the Sprotte group (38.7%) and 16 patients in the Quincke group (21.3%) developed TNS (p = 0.75). More patients in the Sprotte group (25.3%) had severe pain (VAS score of 8–10) when compared with the Quincke group (6.7%). There was no significant difference in TNS symptoms duration between the two groups. In about half of patients (51.9%) in the Sprotte group and 57.3% of patients in the Quincke group, the symptoms resolved after 2–3 h.

Conclusion

Although the incidence of TNS did not differ significantly, patients for whom a Sprotte spinal needle had been used had more severe pain. This suggests that the Quincke needle caused less severe pain.
Geometric influence of width ratio and contraction ratio on droplet dynamics in microchannel using a 3D numerical simulation
Authors: Do Le Hung Toan , Nguyen Thanh Tung , Hoang Van Thanh , Tran Minh Sang
Published: May 2024

Microchannel geometry is an important factor in determining droplet dynamics in droplet‐based microfluidic systems, much like fluid properties and flow conditions. In this context, two important geometric parameters—the contraction ratio () and the width ratio ()—that are limited to particular value ranges are taken into consideration for evaluation. These parameters interact with the capillary number () and viscosity ratio () to affect different aspects of droplet migration and manipulation, such as trap and squeeze regimes. A theoretical model is proposed, and a three‐dimensional numerical simulation method is used in this work. This model predicts the change from trap to squeeze, which is caused by the interaction of the previously mentioned variables. Interestingly, an inverse correlation exists between the width ratio and the critical capillary number for this transition, which is determined as . Furthermore, the investigation explores the droplet elongation and velocity ratio during their passage through the microchannel. By matching input parameters with microchannel geometry, this information may be useful for the design of microfluidic systems, which would facilitate the careful control and manipulation of droplets.
A new approach for environmental damage assessment pursuant to the European Union Environmental Liability Directive
Authors: Andreotti Francesco , Montanaro Daniele , Calcagni Laura
Published: May 2024

The European Union and Member States national laws require competent authorities to promptly and effectively address environmental incidents, noncompliances, and criminal offenses, necessitating thorough planning of investigation and assessment activities. To enhance environmental damage assessments in line with the European Environmental Liability Directive (ELD, 2004/35/EC), the European Union Network for the Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental Law (IMPEL Network) has introduced the Criteria for the Assessment of the Environmental Damage (CAED) framework. This framework, outlined in a Practical Guide, offers a methodological approach to environmental damage assessment (EDA) focusing on three key objectives: case screening, identification of “clues” of damage, and determination of “evidence” of damage. Given the critical importance of structured data collection and evaluation, the CAED project has adopted a Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, and Response (DPSIR) model adapted to environmental damage and developed the Practical Tables. These tables serve as a comprehensive tool for systematically identifying investigative priorities and collecting standardized data and information using a predefined list of qualitative or quantitative indicators. This article provides an overview of the Practical Guide and Practical Tables, collectively referred to as the CAED Toolkit, aiming to establish a common framework for environmental damage assessments among various competent authorities and stakeholders across Europe. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:2050–2059. © 2024 SETAC

Key Points

The Criteria for the Assessment of Environmental Damage (CAED) project developed a comprehensive CAED Toolkit aimed at simplifying the understanding of the ELD's scope and guiding operators and public authorities in responding to emissions, events, or accidents that may lead to environmental damage.
Life cycle analysis of the wastewater treatment system in Zabol Industrial Town: Environmental impacts, energy demand, and greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Hootmirdoosti Simineh , Okati Narjes , Nowrouzi Mohsen , Erfani Malihe
Published: May 2024

Use of effective environmental remediation facilities represents a crucial strategy for water reclamation and addressing the challenges of water scarcity. The objective of this study was to assess the wastewater treatment system (WWTS) in Zabol Industrial Town using the life cycle assessment method. Primary data, collected annually for a functional unit of 1 m3 of wastewater treatment, were subjected to analysis using the ReCiPe, Cumulative Energy Demand, and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methods. Human carcinogenic toxicity (50%), freshwater ecotoxicity (13%), and marine ecotoxicity (10%) were the primary environmental impacts due to the WWTS performance. The discharge of heavy metals during sludge generation, coupled with the consumption of natural gas and oil, especially for electricity production, were pivotal factors contributing to the environmental burdens observed. Furthermore, chemical oxygen demand (COD) (56.34%), electricity consumption (>15.47%), and total phosphorous (>4.49%) significantly threatened human health and ecosystem categories, while fossil fuel consumption had the greatest impact on resources. Nonrenewable fossil fuels, namely, natural gas (47.2%) and oil (38.27%), played a predominant role in the energy provision of the system. The IPCC analysis depicted the emissions of CO2 (86.77%) and CH4 (12.16%) stemming from the process of electricity generation. Based on the outcomes of the sensitivity analysis, implementing a 10% increase in COD yielded an increment in all impacts within the range of 1.40% to 6.83%. Given Iran's geographic location and the unique climatic conditions in Zabul, use of solar and wind energy to energize the WWTS can substantially alleviate its environmental burdens. This study presents a comprehensive framework for evaluating the environmental impact, energy consumption, and carbon footprint of a WWTS. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1747–1758. © 2024 SETAC

Key Points

Wastewater treatment system (WWTS) operations led to significant human carcinogenic and freshwater and marine ecotoxicity impacts. Heavy metal discharge and fossil fuel consumption were key environmental burdens. The electricity generation process in WWTS led to emission of CO2 (86.77%) and CH4 (12.16%). The switch from fossil fuels to solar and wind energy can greatly reduce WWTS environmental impacts.
Post‐diagnosis adiposity, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, dietary factors, supplement use and colorectal cancer prognosis: Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) summary of evidence grading
Authors: Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Markozannes Georgios , Becerra‐Tomás Nerea , Cariolou Margarita , Balducci Katia , Vieira Rita , Kiss Sonia , Aune Dagfinn , Greenwood Darren C. , Dossus Laure , González‐Gil Esther M. , Gunter Marc J. , Allen Kate , Brockton Nigel T. , Croker Helen , Gordon‐Dseagu Vanessa L. , Mitrou Panagiota , Musuwo Nicole , Wiseman Martin J. , Copson Ellen , Renehan Andrew G. , Bours Martijn , Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy , Hudson Melissa M. , May Anne M. , Odedina Folakemi T. , Skinner Roderick , Steindorf Karen , Tjønneland Anne , Velikova Galina , Baskin Monica L. , Chowdhury Rajiv , Hill Lynette , Lewis Sarah J. , Seidell Jaap , Weijenberg Matty P. , Krebs John , Cross Amanda J. , Chan Doris S. M.
Published: May 2024

Based on the World Cancer Research Fund Global Cancer Update Programme, we performed systematic reviews and meta‐analyses to investigate the association of post‐diagnosis adiposity, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and dietary factors with colorectal cancer prognosis. We searched PubMed and Embase until 28th February, 2022. An independent expert committee and expert panel graded the quality of evidence. A total of 167 unique publications were reviewed, and all but five were observational studies. The quality of the evidence was graded conservatively due to the high risk of several biases. There was evidence of non‐linearity in the associations between body mass index and colorectal cancer prognosis. The associations appeared reverse J‐shaped, and the quality of this evidence was graded as limited (likelihood of causality: limited‐no conclusion). The evidence on recreational physical activity and lower risk of all‐cause mortality (relative risk [RR] highest vs. lowest: 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62–0.77) and recurrence/disease‐free survival (RR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70–0.92) was graded as limited‐suggestive. There was limited‐suggestive evidence for the associations between healthy dietary and/or lifestyle patterns (including diets that comprised plant‐based foods), intake of whole grains and coffee with lower risk of all‐cause mortality, and between unhealthy dietary patterns and intake of sugary drinks with higher risk of all‐cause mortality. The evidence for other exposures on colorectal cancer outcomes was sparse and graded as limited‐no conclusion. Analyses were conducted excluding cancer patients with metastases without substantial changes in the findings. Well‐designed intervention and cohort studies are needed to support the development of lifestyle recommendations for colorectal cancer patients.
Early‐pregnancy sex steroid and thyroid function hormones, thyroid autoimmunity, and maternal papillary thyroid cancer incidence in the Finnish Maternity Cohort
Authors: Kitahara Cari M. , Surcel Heljä‐Marja , Falk Roni , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Männistö Tuija , Gissler Mika , Trabert Britton
Published: May 2024

Thyroid cancer more commonly affects women than men and is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer among women of reproductive age. We conducted a nested case–control study within the Finnish Maternity Cohort to evaluate pre‐diagnostic sex steroid and thyroid function markers in relation to subsequent maternal papillary thyroid cancer. Cases (n = 605) were women ages 18–44 years, who provided an early‐pregnancy (<20 weeks gestation) blood sample and were diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer up to 11 years afterward. Controls (n = 1185) were matched to cases 2:1 by gestational age, mother's age, and date at blood draw. Odds ratios (ORs) for the associations of serum thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO‐Ab), thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg‐Ab), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), progesterone, and estradiol with papillary thyroid cancer were estimated using conditional logistic regression. TPO‐Ab and Tg‐Ab positivity (>95th percentile among controls) were associated with more than 3‐fold (OR = 3.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.33–4.72) and 2‐fold (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.41–2.93) increased odds of papillary thyroid cancer, respectively. These associations were similar by time since blood draw, parity, gestational age, smoking status, and age and stage at diagnosis. In models excluding TPO‐Ab or Tg‐Ab positivity, TPO‐Ab (quartile 4 vs. 1: OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.17–2.37, p‐trend = .002) and Tg‐Ab (quartile 4 vs. 1: OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.22–2.49, p‐trend = .01) levels were positively associated with papillary thyroid cancer. No associations were observed for estradiol, progesterone, TSH, fT3, or fT4 overall. Our results suggest that thyroid autoimmunity in early pregnancy may increase the risk of maternal papillary thyroid cancer.
Extrachromosomal circular DNA landscape of breast cancer with lymph node metastasis
Authors: Bao Yuhan , Sui Xiaolong , Wang Xiaofei , Qu Nina , Xie Yanjie , Cong Yizi , Cao Xiaoli
Published: May 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is a complex disease with diverse manifestations, often resulting in lymph node metastasis (LNM) and impacting patient prognosis. Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) has emerged as a key player in tumorigenesis, yet its contribution to BC LNM remains elusive. Here, we examined primary tumors and matched LNM tissues from 19 BC patients using the Circle‐Seq method. We identified a median count of 44,682 eccDNA in primary tumor tissues and 38,057 in their paired LNM tissues. Furthermore, a ladder‐like size distribution is observed in both primary tumor and LNM tissues. Meanwhile, similar repeat sequence distribution and GC content are identified from both primary tissue and LNM tissues. Finally, we found that eccDNA from both groups are flanked with palindromic trinucleotide motifs. These observations indicate that eccDNA of primary tumor and LNM tissues are from similar chromosomal origins. However, a subset of miRNA‐associated eccDNA displayed selective enrichment in metastatic lesions, such as miR‐6730 and miR‐548AA1 genes. This observation implicates the function of miRNA‐related eccDNA in the metastatic cascade. Our study uncovers the potential significance of these unique eccDNA molecules, shedding light on their role in cancer metastasis.
Successful treatment and remission of advanced testicular cancer after COVID‐19 infection during induction chemotherapy
Authors: Kitano Goshi , Tanaka Shiori , Kato Manabu , Itoh Naoya , Kojima Takahiro
Published: May 2024

Introduction

We report a case of advanced testicular cancer cured by early and appropriate resumption of chemotherapy even after COVID‐19 infection during induction chemotherapy.

Case presentation

The patient was a healthy 36‐year‐old male. The diagnosis was a stage IIIB nonseminoma (pT2N2M1a). On day 14 of the first chemotherapy cycle, the patient was diagnosed with mild COVID‐19. The second chemotherapy cycle was initiated with a 1‐day delay (on day 10 after the COVID‐19 diagnosis). The patient achieved remission with minimal postponement of chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Only a few case reports have described the resumption of anticancer chemotherapy in patients with COVID‐19. In deciding when to resume chemotherapy after COVID‐19 infection, it is essential to consider factors such as cancer type, progression, and severity of COVID‐19 and should be tailored to individual patient needs.
Expanding chalcogen bonds in thiophenes to interactions with halogens
Authors: Ferreira Bruna R. , Martins Francisco A. , Freitas Matheus P.
Published: May 2024

Compounds containing the thiophene moiety find several applications in physics and chemistry, such as electrical conduction, which depends on specific conformations to properly exhibiting the desired properties. In turn, chalcogen bonding has found to modulate the conformation of some N‐thiophen‐2‐ylfomamides. Since halogens participate in a kin interaction (halogen bonding) and are abundant in agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and materials, we have quantum‐chemically explored the interaction between organic halogen and thiophene as a conformational modulator in some model compounds. Although such interaction indeed appears, as demonstrated by atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital analysis, it is inefficient to control the conformational equilibrium. An energy decomposition analysis scheme demonstrated that halomethane and thiophene tend to move away from one another due to a core component (Pauli repulsion and exchange), which is mainly due to a deformation term. Therefore, chalcogen bonds with halogens appear weaker than with other chalcogens.
American Dental Education Association Compendium Entrustable Professional Activities Workgroup report
Authors: Ramaswamy Vidya , Danciu Theodora , Kennedy Erinne N. , Romito Laura , Stewart Denice , Gul Gulsun , Marucha Phillip , Quinonez Rocio B.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are discrete clinical tasks that can be evaluated to help define readiness for independent practice in the health professions and are intended to increase trust in the dental graduate. EPAs provide a framework that bridges competencies to clinical practice. This report describes the work of the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) Compendium EPA Workgroup to develop a list of EPAs for dental education and supportive resources, including specifications and a glossary.

Methods

Preliminary work including literature and resource review, mapping of existing competencies, and review of other health professions’ EPAs informed the development of our EPAs list. Workgroup members achieved consensus using a modified Delphi process. A Qualtrics survey using a validated rubric for the assessment of EPAs as described in peer‐reviewed literature was used. Dental educators, including academic deans, were surveyed for feedback on the content and format of the EPAs.

Results

Based on findings in the literature analysis of existing EPAs and competencies in health professions, a list of EPAs was developed along with a description of specifications. The EPA workgroup (nine members from multiple institutions) used the Delphi process in receiving feedback from various experts. A list of 11 core EPAs was vetted by dental educators including academic deans (n = ∼23), and the process of development was reviewed by EPAs experts outside dental education. A glossary was developed to align language.

Conclusion

These EPAs define the scope of dental practice. This report represents Phase 1 of the EPA framework development and vetting process. Future directions will include a broader vetting of the EPA list, faculty development, and national standardized technology that support this work to optimize implementation.
Effectiveness of spaced repetition learning using a mobile flashcard application among dental students: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Santhosh Varkey Nadakkavukaran , Coutinho David , Ankola Anil V. , Parimala Yuvarani Kandasamy , Shankkari Siva , Ragu Kavitha
Published: May 2024

Background

Dental education in India predominantly relies on traditional lecture‐based learning (LBL), which may hinder student engagement and learning outcomes. To address these limitations, innovative learning methodologies, such as spaced repetition learning (SRL), are imperative. SRL prioritizes active recall and can enhance long‐term knowledge retention. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of SRL delivered through a mobile flashcard application, in enhancing knowledge retention among dental undergraduates.

Methods

This single‐blind randomized controlled trial (CTRI/2023/10/059347), conducted in Belagavi, India, involved 90 dental students who were equally distributed into control (LBL) and test (lecture followed by SRL demonstration) groups after randomization. Rigorous expert review ensured the quality of PowerPoint presentation and mobile flashcard contents. Knowledge assessments were conducted at baseline, first, and third months using a validated and reliable questionnaire. A perception survey on learning techniques was administered after the first month. Analysis methods included descriptive analysis, Pearson's chi‐square test, independent t‐test, and repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc test.

Results

The pre‐ and post‐intervention knowledge showed no significant differences, but the SRL group exhibited significantly higher retention at both first month (p ≤ 0.001) and third months (p ≤ 0.001) than the LBL group. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant pairwise differences in mean knowledge scores in SRL group. Students had significantly favorable perception toward SRL than LBL group.

Conclusion

SRL delivered through mobile flashcards significantly enhances knowledge retention compared to LBL among dental students. Positive student perceptions support SRL's integration into dental curricula, with implications for improving knowledge retention among them.
Dental hygiene students’ and recent graduates’ intentions, attitudes, and perceptions of academic careers
Authors: Reis Mary V. L. , Boyd Linda D. , Smith Amy N. , Vineyard Jared
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore dental hygiene students’ and recent graduates’ awareness, attitudes, perceived barriers, motivators, and intentions to pursue a career in academia as a dental hygiene educator.

Methods

Cross‐sectional survey research was conducted with a non‐probability sample of dental hygiene students and recent graduates (n = 451). The survey included sections for familiarity regarding academic careers for dental hygienists, attitudes toward academic careers, barriers and motivating factors for this career path, and future academic career intentions. Analysis included descriptive, correlations, and regression.

Results

Of 451 surveys started, 296 were at least 80% complete for a completion rate of 66%. The most reported barrier to a career in academia was the cost to obtain the required degree to become an educator (67.6%, n = 200), and for motivating factors was a sense of accomplishment (62.8%, n = 186). Regression analysis of likelihood to pursue a higher education degree showed two main predictors; belief that higher education would advance the dental hygiene profession (β = 0.35, p < 0.001) and willingness to take a pay cut to become an educator (β = 0.24, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Overall dental hygiene students and recent graduates were familiar with and had a positive view of careers in academia. However, barriers included cost and time for obtaining a higher degree, as well as the pay differential between academia and private practice. The educator shortage in dental hygiene may be alleviated by providing educators with loan forgiveness and offering salaries comparable to clinical practice.