bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kernicterus in a boy with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: A case report
Authors: López‐Corella Eduardo , Ibarra‐González Isabel , Fernández‐Lainez Cynthia , Rodríguez‐Weber Miguel Á. , Guillén‐Lopez Sara , Belmont‐Martínez Leticia , Agüero‐Linares David , Vela‐Amieva Marcela
Published: August 2017

Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is an X‐linked urea cycle defect associated with severe and usually fatal hyperammonemia. This study describes a patient with early onset lethal OTCD due to a known pathogenic variant (c.298+1G>A), as well as the novel autopsy finding of kernicterus with relatively low blood concentration of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) (11.55 mg/dL). The patient was a full‐term male with a family history of two previous male siblings who died as newborns after acute neurologic deterioration. The patient's symptoms began at 24 h of life with lethargy that rapidly progressed to coma upon admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Although hyperammonemia and hyperbilirubinemia were documented, hemofiltration could not be performed. OTCD diagnosis was biochemically established. Despite nutritional intervention and treatment for hyperammonemia, the patient died on the sixth day of life. At autopsy, external brain examination revealed a marked yellow pigmentation typical of kernicterus that included gray matter, particularly the thalamus and basal ganglia; dentate nuclei of the cerebellum and brain stem gray matter were also affected. Microscopic findings were consistent with the classical description of tissue damage in OTCD, including the presence of Alzheimer type II astrocytes in basal ganglia, necrosis, neuronal loss with spongiform degeneration and macrophage infiltration surrounded by astroglia. This condition may be an important comorbidity in newborns with hyperammonemia.
Millettia sapindifolia is a synonym of Derris yunnanensis (Leguminosae: Millettieae)
Authors: Song Zhu‐Qiu , Yan Ke‐Jian , Zhu Cheng‐Jie , Xia Qian , Xu Dong‐Xian , Li Shi‐Jin
Published: August 2017

Millettia and Derris are two taxonomically complicated genera of the tribe Millettieae (Leguminosae), and when only flowering material is available they are not easily distinguished from each other. A critical examination of literature and specimens as well as a field survey show that Millettia sapindifolia T. C. Chen, a Chinese species described on the basis of two flowering collections, is conspecific with Derris yunnanensis Chun & F. C. How. The two are closely similar in various characters, such as the inflorescence type, monadelphous stamens, branches with longitudinal ridges, and size, shape, number and hairiness of leaflets. Therefore, the former is here reduced to a synonym of the latter.
Asarum yentuense sp. nov. (Aristolochiaceae) from Vietnam
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Anh , Quang Bui Hong , Hung Nguyen Quang , Sasamoto Akihiko
Published: August 2017

A new species, Asarum yentuense N. Tuan & Sasamoto (Aristolochiaceae), is described from Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam. This species belongs to A. subgen. Heterotropa sect. Longistylis and is most similar to Asarum petelotii, A. glabrum, A. reticulatum and A. magnificum var. dinghuense, but is differentiated by morphology, including the length of the calyx tube and lobes, and phenology.
Polyalthia yingjiangensis sp. nov (Annonaceae) from the China/Myanmar border
Authors: Xue Bine , Ye De‐Ping , Shao Yun‐Yun , Tan Yun‐Hong
Published: August 2017

Polyalthia yingjiangensis sp. nov. is described from the China/Myanmar border. It is distinct in having outer petals that are much shorter than the inner petals and having a very long pedicel. It is most similar to P. miliusoides I.M. Turner, but differs in having perianth parts that are glabrous adaxially and pubescent abaxially, thicker and sparsely pubescent pedicels, as well as verrucose and darker monocarps.
Semiparametric Estimator for Binary‐outcome Sample Selection: Prejudice Matters in Election
Authors: Choi Jin‐Young
Published: August 2017

a semiparametric estimator for binary‐outcome sample‐selection models is proposed that imposes only single index assumptions on the selection and outcome equations without specifying the error term distribution. I adopt the idea in Lewbel (2000) using a ‘special regressor’ to transform the binary response Y so that the transformed Y becomes linear in the latent index, which then makes it possible to remove the selection correction term by differencing the transformed Y equation. There are various versions of the estimator, which perform differently trading off bias and variance. A simulation study is conducted, and then I apply the estimators to US presidential election data in 2008 and 2012 to assess the impact of racial prejudice on the elections, as a black candidate was involved for the first time ever in the US history.
Ten years of simulation‐based training in pediatric anesthesia: The inception, evolution, and dissemination of the Managing Emergencies in Pediatric Anesthesia (MEPA) course
Authors: Everett Tobias C. , MacKinnon Ralph , de Beer David , Taylor Matthew , Bould Matthew Dylan
Published: August 2017

2016 marked the 10‐year anniversary of the inception of the Managing Emergencies in Paediatric Anaesthesia (MEPA) course. This simulation‐based program was originally created to allow trainees in pediatric anesthesia to experience operating room emergencies which although infrequent, would be considered key competencies for any practicing anesthetist with responsibility for providing care to children. Since its original manifestation, the course has evolved in content, scope, and worldwide availability, such that it is now available at over 60 locations on five continents. The content has been modified for different learner groups and translated into several languages. This article describes the history, evolution, and dissemination of the MEPA course to share lessons learnt with educators considering the launch of similar initiatives in their field.
A treatment development study of a cognitive and mindfulness‐based therapy for adolescents with co‐occurring post‐traumatic stress and substance use disorder
Authors: Fortuna Lisa R. , Porche Michelle V. , Padilla Auralyd
Published: August 2017

Objective

Substance use is common among adolescents with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We aimed to develop and study an integrated treatment for adolescents with co‐occurring disorders.

Design

This is a therapy development and open pilot trial study of a manualized therapy for adolescents with post‐traumatic stress, depression, and substance use that uses a combination of cognitive therapy (CT) and mindfulness.

Methods

Descriptive statistics and paired sample t‐tests were calculated to assess for changes in PTSD symptoms, depression, and substance use frequency from baseline to end of treatment using standardized measures and validated by urine drug screens. We also examined for safety, predictors of clinical outcomes, and treatment retention.

Results

Thirty‐seven adolescents participated in the study; 62% were study completers as defined by retention for at least 6 weeks of treatment. There were significant improvements in PTSD and depression symptoms from baseline to end of treatment, reflecting medium effect sizes, and which was associated with changes in trauma‐associated cognitions. There was a reduction in cannabis use, which was the most commonly used substance.

Conclusions

Preliminary results suggest feasibility, safety, and potential clinical effectiveness of an integrated therapy for adolescents with PTSD, depression, and substance use. Retention was comparable to other therapy clinical trial studies of adolescents despite the high risk for poor treatment retention and poor clinical outcomes among adolescents with PTSD and co‐occurring disorders. We discuss the rationale for continued research of this mindfulness‐based CT for adolescents with co‐occurring disorders.

Practitioner points

Adolescents with co‐occurring PTSD and substance use achieved meaningful improvement in PTSD and depression symptom severity after receiving a CT and mindfulness dual diagnosis approach.

An integrated manualized therapy for dual diagnosis shows promise for reducing cannabis use in adolescents with PTSD.

Changes in trauma‐related cognitions have the potential to improve PTSD and depression symptoms in adolescents with substance use problems.
Is the U.S. Congress an Insurmountable Obstacle to Any “Far‐Sighted Conception of Budgeting”?
Authors: Meyers Roy T.
Published: August 2017

In recent years, Congress has recurrently failed to meet its minimum responsibilities in federal budgeting. This article analyzes whether it is possible to repair this problem, using concepts popularized by Allen Schick in his influential article “The Road to PPB.” His article compared the PPB reform effort to the history of budget process reforms that started with the design of the executive budget. It publicized a logical sequence of budget process improvements that started with control and then advanced through management and planning. The article did not substantially address the role of Congress, but eight years after it was published, Congress reasserted its constitutional role in the budget process. Its record of performance since then has ranged from mixed to dysfunctional. The Congress has been criticized for budgetary delays, micromanagement, myopia, procrastination, indiscipline, and an inability to prioritize intelligently. If these faults are set in stone, then an integrated system of budgeting, as described in “The Road to PPB” and related work, is unattainable. On the other hand, if reform of Congressional budgeting is politically feasible, improvements to that system can utilize the unique contributions that a legislature can make to a good system of budgeting.
Molecular mapping and candidate gene analysis for fruit epidermal structure in cucumber
Authors: Zhang Song , Miao Han , Song Zichao , Liu Panna , Wang Ye , Wehner Todd C. , Gu Xingfang , Zhang Shengping
Published: August 2017

Firmness of skin is an important quality of processing cucumbers, which is a feature of the palisade epidermis in these types compared to flat epidermis in fresh cucumbers. This study was conducted to map the Pe (palisade epidermis) and analyse the candidate gene. Populations derived from the cross of two inbred lines, NCG122 with fruit flat epidermis and NCG121 with fruit palisade epidermis, were used to identify the inheritance of palisade epidermis and to map the gene involved in its development. The results showed that the palisade epidermis trait is controlled by a single gene, Pe, that is dominant over flat epidermis. Seven simple sequence repeat (SSR) and five insertion deletion (Indel) markers were identified to be linked to the Pe gene. It was mapped to cucumber chromosome 5 (Chr.5) between SSR14611 and Indelpe12 with genetic distances of 0.3 cM and 0.2 cM, respectively. The physical distance of the genomic region harbouring the gene was 227.5 kb with 26 predicted candidate genes. The accuracy of marker‐assisted selection using the molecular markers, Indelpe12 and SSR14611, was 68% and 88%, respectively.
Ectropion Improvement with Topical Tazarotene in Children with Lamellar Ichthyosis
Authors: Hanson Brooke , Becker Lauren , Hook Kristen , Polcari Ingrid , Areaux Raymond G. , Maguiness Sheilagh
Published: August 2017

Background/Objectives

Lamellar ichthyosis (LI) is a well‐described phenotypic subtype of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI). The condition typically presents at birth with collodion membrane and leads to thick, plate‐like scaling of the skin throughout the body, alopecia, and prominent ocular manifestations. Ocular complications include bilateral cicatricial ectropion and lagophthalmos. These ocular complications can lead to chronic exposure keratitis and in some cases corneal ulceration and blindness. No cure for ichthyosis exists. Treatment of ocular complications in LI includes surgical correction, systemic retinoids, and a variety of topical therapies such as emollients, keratolytics, and retinoids.

Methods

Five children with LI cared for at our institution were identified and included. Patient age at the start of therapy ranged from 2 weeks to 9 years. Electronic medical records were reviewed and data from pediatric dermatologist and pediatric ophthalmologist visits were obtained. Data were collected before and after treatment of daily or twice‐daily 0.05% to 0.1% tazarotene cream applied to the face and eyelids.

Results

All patients had improvement in the degree of ectropion, with complete resolution in two of the five patients. The two patients with lagophthalmos at the time of tazarotene initiation experienced complete resolution. No adverse effects were reported.

Conclusions

Tazarotene cream appears to be effective in the management of ectropion and lagophthalmos in the setting of LI in children, even in the neonatal period.
Epiphytic growth of Xanthomonas arboricola and Xanthomonas citri on non‐host plants
Authors: Zarei S. , Taghavi S. M. , Hamzehzarghani H. , Osdaghi E. , Lamichhane J.R.
Published: August 2017

The population dynamics of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap) and X. citri subsp. citri (Xcc) was assessed on over three dozen plant species/genotypes under field and greenhouse conditions. Both Xap and Xcc multiplied on red nightshade, black nightshade, bindweed, Chenopodium, common bean and wheat up to 20 days post‐inoculation (dpi) under greenhouse conditions. A high bacterial growth rate was observed on all (alfalfa, bindweed, Chenopodium, field mustard, millet and prickly lettuce) but one (liquorice) plant species tested under field conditions. Xap successfully proliferated on both lemon and sweet lemon up to 140 dpi, attaining a population density even higher than that of Xcc. The latter showed an increased growth rate on GxN, GF677, Ghisella 6 and Mariana 2624 rootstocks up to 140 dpi. While Xap and Xcc did not grow on pomegranate and common fig, they had a steady population growth on apple and pear plants up to 140 dpi, although the final population sizes were smaller than those observed on lemon and sweet lemon plants. The results suggest that a large number of non‐host plant species could support epiphytic populations of Xap or Xcc, which may have implications for plant disease epidemiology.
Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy and the Risk of Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Grandi Sonia M. , Vallée‐Pouliot Karine , Reynier Pauline , Eberg Maria , Platt Robert W. , Arel Roxane , Basso Olga , Filion Kristian B.
Published: August 2017

Background

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) have been shown to predict later risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, previous studies have not accounted for subsequent pregnancies and their complications, which are potential confounders and intermediates of this association.

Methods

A cohort of 146 748 women with a first pregnancy was constructed using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. HDP was defined using diagnostic codes, elevated blood pressure readings, or new use of an anti‐hypertensive drug between 18 weeks’ gestation and 6 weeks post‐partum. The study outcomes were incident CVD and hypertension. Marginal structural Cox models (MSM) were used to account for time‐varying confounders and intermediates. Time‐fixed exposure defined at the first pregnancy was used in secondary analyses.

Results

A total of 997 women were diagnosed with incident CVD, and 6812 women were diagnosed with hypertension or received a new anti‐hypertensive medication during the follow‐up period. Compared with women without HDP, those with HDP had a substantially higher rate of CVD (hazard ratio (HR) 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7, 2.7). In women with HDP, the rate of hypertension was five times that of women without a HDP (HR 5.6, 95% CI 5.1, 6.3). With overlapping 95% CIs, the time‐fixed analysis and the MSM produced consistent results for both outcomes.

Conclusions

Women with HDP are at increased risk of developing subsequent CVD and hypertension. Similar estimates obtained with the MSM and the time‐fixed analysis suggests that subsequent pregnancies do not confound a first episode of HDP and later CVD.
Switching off photoprotection of photosystem I – a novel tool for gradual PSI photoinhibition
Authors: Tikkanen Mikko , Grebe Steffen
Published: August 2017

Photosystem I (PSI) has evolved in anaerobic atmospheric conditions and until today remains susceptible to oxygen. To minimize the probability of damaging side reactions, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to control electron transfer, and PSI becomes inhibited only when malfunctions of these regulatory mechanisms occur. Because of the complicated induction of PSI photoinhibition, a detailed investigation into the process and following reactions are still largely missing. Here, we introduce the theoretical framework and a novel method for an easy and controlled induction of PSI photoinhibition in vivo. The method mimics the PSI damage mechanisms of fluctuating light‐sensitive mutant plants (stn7, pgr5) which cannot control electron donation to PSI. Because PSII and PSI have different light absorption properties, electrons accumulate in the intersystem electron transfer chain (ETC), if PSII is preferentially excited. A saturating light pulse given upon an over‐reduced ETC leads to the saturation of PSI electron acceptors, ultimately leading to the production of reactive oxygen species and photoinhibition of PSI. By adjusting the time of the light treatment, PSI can be gradually photoinhibited, providing a novel tool to holistically investigate the PSI photoinhibition phenomenon.
Trans‐methylation reactions in plants: focus on the activated methyl cycle
Authors: Rahikainen Moona , Alegre Sara , Trotta Andrea , Pascual Jesús , Kangasjärvi Saijaliisa
Published: August 2017

Trans‐methylation reactions are vital in basic metabolism, epigenetic regulation, RNA metabolism, and posttranslational control of protein function and therefore fundamental in determining the physiological processes in all living organisms. The plant kingdom is additionally characterized by the production of secondary metabolites that undergo specific hydroxylation, oxidation and methylation reactions to obtain a wide array of different chemical structures. Increasing research efforts have started to reveal the enzymatic pathways underlying the biosynthesis of complex metabolites in plants. Further engineering of these enzymatic machineries offers significant possibilities in the development of bio‐based technologies, but necessitates deep understanding of their potential metabolic and regulatory interactions. Trans‐methylation reactions are tightly coupled with the so‐called activated methyl cycle (AMC), an essential metabolic circuit that maintains the trans‐methylation capacity in all living cells. Tight regulation of the AMC is crucial in ensuring accurate trans‐methylation reactions in different subcellular compartments, cell types, developmental stages and environmental conditions. This review addresses the organization and posttranslational regulation of the AMC and elaborates its critical role in determining metabolic regulation through modulation of methyl utilization in stress‐exposed plants.
Domination of invasive Nostocales (Cyanoprokaryota) at 52°N latitude
Authors: Budzyńska Agnieszka , Gołdyn Ryszard
Published: August 2017

Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides are increasingly widespread cyanobacterial species, considered invasive. However, they have never been found to dominate the phytoplankton in the northern part of the invaded area. The aim of our study was to expand the understanding of the invasion process in Nostocales, by answering the question which environmental conditions enabled the first ever noted bloom incident of C. raciborskii and S. aphanizomenoides in the northern part of their current occurrence ranges. We examined the population dynamics of the two invasive cyanobacteria and the abiotic conditions in which their blooms developed in a reservoir at 52°N. We also examined the phytoplankton community diversity and composition before and during the invasive species blooms. As shown by redundancy analysis, the competitive advantage of S. aphanizomenoides depended strongly on high water temperature and high concentration of phosphates, and was positively related to other summer conditions (low water transparency, high ammonium nitrogen concentration). C. raciborskii biomass was not related to temperature and phosphates, but we argue that high water temperature in the first half of July enabled abundant akinete germination, and pulsed phosphorus availability synergized to bring about a later bloom. Both the invasive species co‐occurred with the native cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon gracile, but C. raciborskii bloomed after the native species domination period. The results of the study corroborate the high competitiveness of S. aphanizomenoides in hot, nutrient‐rich conditions, and the adaptation of the invaders to the environment in the invaded regions, inter alia by the overwintering mechanism of numerous akinete differentiation. Our results also contradict the assumption that the phytoplankton diversity index would decrease after colonization of freshwater bodies by invasive cyanoprokaryotes.
Subjecting Donald Trump's War against the Administrative State to Management Science
Authors: Heidari‐Robinson Stephen
Published: August 2017

Related Content: Belton, Krutilla, and Graham (PAR September/October 2017)
Industry cognitive distance in alliances and firm innovation performance
Authors: Filiou Despoina , Massini Silvia
Published: August 2017

This paper focuses on the role of industry cognitive distance in innovation alliances on firm innovation performance. Drawing from the literature on technological cognitive distance in alliances, we elaborate on the role of industry cognitive distance between partners and its impact on managerial attention to investigate the role of numbers of alliances of low (intra‐industry) and high (inter‐industry) industry cognitive distance on firm innovation performance. Intra‐industry alliances offer lower opportunities for innovation compared to inter‐industry alliances and are less demanding on firm management due to higher cognitive similarity between partners from the same industry. We propose that trade‐offs between innovation opportunities and management efforts result in an inverted U and a U‐shaped relationship between the number of intra‐ and inter‐industry alliances and innovation performance, respectively. We find support for both hypotheses in the context of the UK bio‐pharmaceutical sector.
Basics of genome editing technology and its application in livestock species
Authors: Petersen Bjoern
Published: August 2017

Contents

In the last decade, the research community has witnessed a blooming of targeted genome editing tools and applications. Novel programmable DNA nucleases such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator‐like endonucleases (TALENs) and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 system (CRISPR/Cas9) possess long recognition sites and are capable of cutting DNA in a very specific manner. These DNA nucleases mediate targeted genetic alterations by enhancing the DNA mutation rate via induction of double‐strand breaks at a predetermined genomic site. Compared to conventional homologous recombination‐based gene targeting, DNA nucleases, also referred to as Genome Editors (GEs), can increase the targeting rate around 10,000‐ to 100,000‐fold. The successful application of different GEs has been shown in a myriad of different organisms, including insects, amphibians, plants, nematodes and several mammalian species, including human cells and embryos. In contrast to all other DNA nucleases, that rely on protein–DNA binding, CRISPR/Cas9 uses RNA to establish a specific binding of its DNA nuclease. Besides its capability to facilitate multiplexed genomic modifications in one shot, the CRISPR/Cas is much easier to design compared to all other DNA nucleases. Current results indicate that any DNA nuclease can be successfully employed in a broad range of organisms which renders them useful for improving the understanding of complex physiological systems such as reproduction, producing transgenic animals, including creating large animal models for human diseases, creating specific cell lines, and plants, and even for treating human genetic diseases. This review provides an update on DNA nucleases, their underlying mechanism and focuses on their application to edit the genome of livestock species.
Mastitis treatment—Reduction in antibiotic usage in dairy cows
Authors: Krömker V , Leimbach S
Published: August 2017

Contents

Animal‐friendly, economical, resource‐saving milk production provides the basis for sustained consumer acceptance. Bovine mastitis plays a decisive role in the dairy industry—disturbing animal health and welfare and causing considerable economic losses on the other hand. Currently, antimicrobial treatment is indispensable to keep bovine udder health, animal welfare and economic aspects in balance. On the contrary, emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent matter of particular public interest, and as a consequence, antimicrobial usage (AMU) in production livestock is a critically discussed subject. In urgent need of future reduction in AMU in the dairy industry, this review article describes and discusses possible approaches promising prompt implementation, including therapeutical alternatives as well as pro‐ and metaphylactic concepts such as the implementation of evidence‐based mastitis therapy concepts and selective dry cow treatment (sDCT), in search of the most effective and contemporary methods for decreasing AMU and AMR in dairy production.
Informing Ex Ante Event Studies with Macro‐Econometric Evidence on the Structural and Policy Impacts of Terrorism
Authors: Nassios Jason , Giesecke James A.
Published: August 2017

Economic consequence analysis is one of many inputs to terrorism contingency planning. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models are being used more frequently in these analyses, in part because of their capacity to accommodate high levels of event‐specific detail. In modeling the potential economic effects of a hypothetical terrorist event, two broad sets of shocks are required: (1) physical impacts on observable variables (e.g., asset damage); (2) behavioral impacts on unobservable variables (e.g., investor uncertainty). Assembling shocks describing the physical impacts of a terrorist incident is relatively straightforward, since estimates are either readily available or plausibly inferred. However, assembling shocks describing behavioral impacts is more difficult. Values for behavioral variables (e.g., required rates of return) are typically inferred or estimated by indirect means. Generally, this has been achieved via reference to extraneous literature or ex ante surveys. This article explores a new method. We elucidate the magnitude of CGE‐relevant structural shifts implicit in econometric evidence on terrorist incidents, with a view to informing future ex ante event assessments. Ex post econometric studies of terrorism by Blomberg et al. yield macro econometric equations that describe the response of observable economic variables (e.g., GDP growth) to terrorist incidents. We use these equations to determine estimates for relevant (unobservable) structural and policy variables impacted by terrorist incidents, using a CGE model of the United States. This allows us to: (i) compare values for these shifts with input assumptions in earlier ex ante CGE studies; and (ii) discuss how future ex ante studies can be informed by our analysis.
The Influence of Cytomegalovirus on Expression of HLA‐G and its Ligand KIR2DL4 by Human Peripheral Blood Leucocyte Subsets
Authors: Albayati Z. , Alyami A. , Alomar S. , Middleton D. , Bonnett L. , Aleem S. , Flanagan B. F. , Christmas S. E.
Published: August 2017

HLA‐G is a non‐classical class I HLA antigen, normally expressed in high levels only on extravillous cytotrophoblast. It has immunosuppressive properties in pregnancy and has also been found to be upregulated on leucocytes in viral infection. In this study, proportions of all leucocyte subsets expressing HLA‐G were found to be low in healthy subjects positive or negative for cytomegalovirus (CMV). Significantly greater proportions of CD4+ CD69+ and CD56+ T cells expressed HLA‐G compared to other T cells. However, following stimulation with CMV antigens or intact CMV, proportions of CD4+, CD8+, CD69+ and CD56+ T cells, and also B cells expressing HLA‐G, were significantly increased in CMV+ subjects. Despite some subjects having alleles of HLA‐G associated with high levels of expression, no relationship was found between HLA‐G genotype and expression levels. Purified B cells from CMV+ subjects stimulated in mixed culture with CMV antigens showed significantly increased HLA‐G mRNA expression by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Serum levels of soluble HLA‐G were similar in CMV− and CMV+ subjects but levels in culture supernatants were significantly higher in cells from CMV+ than from CMV− subjects stimulated with CMV antigens. The HLA‐G ligand KIR2DL4 was mainly expressed on NK cells and CD56+ T cells with no differences between CMV+ and CMV− subjects. Following stimulation with IL‐2, an increase in the proportion of CD56+ T cells positive for KIR2DL4 was found, together with a significant decrease in CD56dimCD16+ NK cells. The results show that CMV influences HLA‐G expression in healthy subjects and may contribute to viral immune evasion.
Partially Linear Additive Models with Unknown Link Functions
Authors: Zhang Jun , Lian Heng
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we consider partially linear additive models with an unknown link function, which include single‐index models and additive models as special cases. We use polynomial spline method for estimating the unknown link function as well as the component functions in the additive part. We establish that convergence rates for all nonparametric functions are the same as in one‐dimensional nonparametric regression. For a faster rate of the parametric part, we need to define appropriate ‘projection’ that is more complicated than that defined previously for partially linear additive models. Compared to previous approaches, a distinct advantage of our estimation approach in implementation is that estimation directly reduces estimation in the single‐index model and can thus deal with much larger dimensional problems than previous approaches for additive models with unknown link functions. Simulations and a real dataset are used to illustrate the proposed model.
The Suicidal Inmate: A Comparison of Inmates Who Attempt Versus Complete Suicide
Authors: Boren Emily A. , Folk Johanna B. , Loya Jennifer M. , Tangney June P. , Barboza Sharen E. , Wilson John S.
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study was to identify risk factors distinguishing inmates who attempt suicide from inmates who complete suicide. Compared with attempters, completers tended to be older, male, more educated, and married or separated/divorced; pretrial, committed for a violent crime, incarcerated in jail, housed in an inpatient mental health unit or protective custody setting, living in a single cell, not on suicide precautions, not previously under close observation; and more likely to act during overnight hours and die by hanging/self‐strangulation. Targeted assessment of a broad range of risk factors is necessary to inform suicide prevention efforts in correctional facilities.
Social media and the doping of sport surveillance
Authors: Sefiha Ophir , Reichman Nancy
Published: August 2017

Reviewing literatures from sociology of sport, surveillance, and internet studies, we consider the processes by which social media regulate the behavior of athletes. Nowhere is this more evident than in the current regulation of anti‐doping in elite sport where athletes' social media postings have been highly critical of fellow competitors. As social media becomes increasingly blended into everyday routines, this form of surveillance extends the gaze of those who watch and increases the pressure for online disclosure while making traditional distinctions between formal and informal social control less meaningful. Contemporary social media acts as a form of social control that has become more preemptive and grassroots. When athletes internalize surveillance and disclosure as consistent with their professional norms, the power relationships that surround sport performance become increasingly difficult to discern. This article helps to illuminate the ways in which surveillance through social media have become a part of everyday routines, extends and amplifies the power of more traditional agents of surveillance, and calls for continued research into the role of contemporary social media as a surveillance practice.
‘Replacement Care’ for Working Carers? A Longitudinal Study in England, 2013–15
Authors: Pickard Linda , Brimblecombe Nicola , King Derek , Knapp Martin
Published: August 2017

In the context of rising need for long‐term care, reconciling unpaid care and carers’ employment is becoming an important social issue. In England, there is increasing policy emphasis on paid services for the person cared for, sometimes known as ‘replacement care’, to support working carers. Previous research has found an association between ‘replacement care’ and carers’ employment. However, more information is needed on potential causal connections between services and carers’ employment. This mixed methods study draws on new longitudinal data to examine service receipt and carers’ employment in England. Data were collected from carers who were employed in the public sector, using self‐completion questionnaires in 2013 and 2015, and qualitative interviews were conducted with a sub‐sample of respondents to the 2015 questionnaire. We find that, where the person cared for did not receive at least one ‘key service’ (home care, personal assistant, day care, meals, short‐term breaks), the carer was subsequently more likely to leave employment because of caring, suggesting that the absence of services contributed to the carer leaving work. In the interviews, carers identified specific ways in which services helped them to remain in employment. We conclude that, if a policy objective is to reduce the number of carers leaving employment because of caring, there needs to be greater access to publicly‐funded services for disabled and older people who are looked after by unpaid carers.
Short‐term residual N unaffected by forbs in grass‐clover mixtures
Authors: Dhamala N. R. , Rasmussen J. , Cong W.‐F. , Carlsson G. , Søegaard K. , Eriksen J.
Published: August 2017

We determined the effect on residual nitrogen (N) of including forbs (chicory, ribwort plantain and caraway) in perennial ryegrass‐red clover mixtures. Although soil N inputs during the grassland phase differed markedly between mixtures, in a pot experiment we found no differences in the potentially mineralizable N of the soil or in the dry matter production and N content of the spring barley test crop. The fertilizer value of the grassland mixtures corresponded to 10 g N/m2, irrespective of forb inclusion. Thus, the inclusion of nonlegume forbs did not negatively affect short‐term residual N fertility of legume‐based grasslands.
Rethinking material cultures of sustainability: Commodity consumption, cultural biographies and following the thing
Authors: Evans David M.
Published: August 2017

This paper advances geographical perspectives on household sustainability by extending the range of insights from consumption scholarship that are brought to bear on the issue. Research that links consumption to the dynamics of variously sustainable practices currently dominate, resulting in a particular and partial reading of material culture. I suggest that geographical approaches to the social life of things may yield new insights into materiality and household sustainability. Specifically, I argue that “following the thing” – which is typically focused on commodity chains – could usefully be extended into people's homes. This is not introduced as a way to acknowledge the connections between points in a network, rather, it is positioned as a set of theoretical and methodological resources that can be utilised to explore the movement and placing of things as they move through a critical juncture – in this case the household. To illustrate, I present material drawn from two empirical studies of households in the UK. The first is an ethnographically‐informed study of how food becomes waste; the second is a quantitative survey of laundry habits. Attention is paid to the ways in which the ongoing categorisation and valuation of things shape their trajectories and move them in directions that give rise to (adverse) environmental impacts. To conclude I sketch out an agenda for future studies, consider how a focus on households can yield more comprehensive biographies of things, and address the implications of this analysis both for consumption scholarship and for engagement with sustainability research and policy beyond human geography.
Red blood cell sedimentation of Apheresis Granulocytes
Authors: Lodermeier Michelle A. , Byrne Karen M. , Flegel Willy A.
Published: August 2017

Sedimentation of Apheresis Granulocyte components removes red blood cells. It is used to increase the blood donor pool when blood group–compatible donors cannot be recruited for a patient because of a major ABO incompatibility or incompatible red blood cell antibodies in the recipient. Because granulocytes have little ABO and few other red blood cell antigens on their membrane, such incompatibility lies mostly with the contaminating red blood cells. Video Clip S1 shows the process of red blood cell sedimentation of an Apheresis Granulocyte component. This video was filmed with a single smart phone attached to a commercial tripod and was edited on a tablet computer with free software by an amateur videographer without prior video experience.
Detection of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 1 DNA in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Sirri Rubina , Ciulli Sara , Barbé Tim , Volpe Enrico , Lazzari Maurizio , Franceschini Valeria , Errani Francesca , Sarli Giuseppe , Mandrioli Luciana
Published: August 2017

Background

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is an uncommon disease affecting koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). Cutaneous papilloma (carp pox) is a benign epidermal proliferation reported in koi and has been shown to be caused by Cyprinid Herpesvirus 1 (CyHV1).

Hypothesis/Objectives

Histological, ultrastructural and molecular investigations were carried out aiming to investigate the aetiology of cSCC within archived tissue samples.

Animals

Surgical samples of masses located on the integument, fins and lips of 13 koi carp belonging to different private owners were included in this retrospective study.

Methods

CyHV1 DNA and RNA presence were investigated in five cSCC formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue samples to recognize CyHV1 presence and its replication activity.

Results

All cases were histologically diagnosed as cSCC. The ultrastructural observations confirmed the squamous differentiation of neoplastic epithelial cells, which showed abundant tonofilament bundles and desmosomes. Although no virus particles were revealed ultrastructurally, the molecular investigation detected viral DNA in five epidemiologically unrelated cSCC. Viral transcript analysis revealed no evidence for viral replication in the tested cSCC, which could be consistent with latent infection.

Conclusions and clinical importance

These findings illustrate the frequent association of carp cSCC with CyHV1, although a direct cause–effect relationship cannot be established at this time. Therefore, surveillance programmes should take into account the suspected viral origin of cSCC to better inform prevention and control of CyHV1 in the future.
The Predictive Power of Preschool Children’s Social Behaviors on Their Play Skills
Authors: Ergin Büşra , Ergin Esra
Published: August 2017

The aim of this research study is to investigate children’s play skills in terms of social behaviours (physical aggression, relational aggression, positive social behaviors, and depressive feelings). The participants in this study consisted of 300 children between 60 and 72 months studying at preschool education institutions. The research data were collected via the “Preschool Social Behaviour Scale-Instructer Form” and the “Play Skills Assessment Scale”. Pearson’s correlsation analysis and simple linear regression analysis were performed to evaluate the data. The results of the research study indicate that there is a significant positive correlation between children’s positive social behaviours and play skills while there is a significant negative relationship between children’s play skills and the subscales of physical aggression, relational aggression, and depressive feelings. Besides, the results indicate that children’s social behaviours (physical aggression, relational aggression, positive social behaviors and depressive feelings) are predictive of play skills. It can be concluded that 16.8% of total variance is explained by the subscales “positive social behaviors”, 9.6% is explained by “relational aggression”, 2.4% is explained “physical aggression” and 1.2% is explained by “depressive feelings”.
An Innovative Approach to Detect Isomorphism in Planar and Geared Kinematic Chains Using Graph Theory
Authors: Venkata Kamesh Vinjamuri , Mallikarjuna Rao Kuchibhotla , Balaji Srinivasa Rao Annambhotla
Published: August 2017

Detection of isomorphism in planar and geared kinematic chains (GKCs) is an interesting area since many years. Enumeration of planar and geared kinematic chains becomes easy only when isomorphism problem is resolved effectively. Many researchers proposed algorithms based on topological characteristics or some coding which need lot of computations and comparisons. In this paper, a novel and simple algorithm is proposed based on graph theory by which elimination of isomorphic chains can be done very easily without any tedious calculations or comparisons. A new concept “Net distance” is proposed based on the graph theory to be a quantitative measure to assess isomorphism in planar kinematic chains (PKCs) as well as GKCs. The proposed algorithm is applied on nine-link two-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) distinct kinematic chains completely and the results are presented. Algorithm is tested on examples from eight-link 1-DOF, ten-link 1-DOF, 12-link 1-DOF, and 15link 4-DOF PKCs. The algorithm is also tested on four-, six-link 1-DOF GKCs to detect isomorphism. All the results are in agreement with the existing literature.
A Fully Compliant Homokinetic Coupling
Authors: Machekposhti Davood Farhadi , Tolou N. , Herder J. L.
Published: August 2017

This paper introduces a homokinetic coupling, a constant velocity universal joint (CV joint), which is fully compliant and potentially monolithic. The proposed compliant design can accommodate high misalignment angles between the input and the output rotational axes. Additional kinematic constraints are applied to well-known Double Hooke's universal joint, to guarantee a one-to-one constant velocity rotation transmission for all different misalignment angles. The influence of the extra constraints on degrees-of-freedom (DOF) of the mechanism is studied using screw theory. Furthermore, it was shown that the mechanism is yet a 1DOF linkage for rotation transmission and a 2DOF rotational joint as all universal joints. The kinematics of the mechanism is studied, and constant velocity conditions are identified. The pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM) of the new angled arrangement of the Double Hooke's universal joint is created, and the input–output torque relationship is then studied. The different possible compliant embodiments based on the PRBM model were discussed and illustrated. Moreover, one of the proposed compliant counterparts is dimensioned as a power transmission coupling for a high misalignment angle, up to 45 deg. Further, a prototype was manufactured for the experimental evaluation, and it is shown that the results are consistent with the PRBM and the finite element model.
Benchmarking of Improved DPAC Transient Deflagration Analysis Code
Authors: Laurinat James E. , Hensel Steve J.
Published: August 2017

The deflagration pressure analysis code (DPAC) has been upgraded for use in modeling hydrogen deflagration transients. The upgraded code is benchmarked using data from vented hydrogen deflagration tests conducted at the HYDRO-SC Test Facility at the University of Pisa. DPAC originally was written to calculate peak pressures for deflagrations in radioactive waste storage tanks and process facilities at the Savannah River Site. Upgrades include the addition of a laminar flame speed correlation for hydrogen deflagrations and a mechanistic model for turbulent flame propagation, incorporation of inertial effects during venting, and inclusion of the effect of water vapor condensation on vessel walls. In addition, DPAC has been coupled with chemical equilibrium with applications (CEA), a NASA combustion chemistry code. The deflagration tests are modeled as end-to-end deflagrations. The improved DPAC code successfully predicts both the peak pressures during the deflagration tests and the times at which the pressure peaks.
Application of Cyclo-Nonstationary Indicators for Bearing Monitoring Under Varying Operating Conditions
Authors: Gryllias Konstantinos , Moschini Simona , Antoni Jerome
Published: August 2017

Condition monitoring assesses the operational health of rotating machinery, in order to provide early and accurate warning of potential failures such that preventative maintenance actions may be taken. To achieve this target, manufacturers start taking on the responsibilities of engine condition monitoring, by embedding health-monitoring systems within each engine unit and prompting maintenance actions when necessary. Several types of condition monitoring are used including oil debris monitoring, temperature monitoring, and vibration monitoring. Among them, vibration monitoring is the most widely used technique. Machine vibro-acoustic signatures contain pivotal information about its state of health. The current work focuses on one part of the diagnosis stage of condition monitoring for engine bearing health monitoring as bearings are critical components in rotating machinery. A plethora of signal processing tools and methods applied at the time domain, the frequency domain, the time–frequency domain, and the time-scale domain have been presented in order to extract valuable information by proposing different diagnostic features. Among others, an emerging interest has been reported on modeling rotating machinery signals as cyclo-stationary, which is a particular class of nonstationary stochastic processes. The goal of this paper is to propose a novel approach for the analysis of cyclo-nonstationary signals based on the generalization of indicators of cyclo-stationarity (ICNS) in order to cover the speed-varying conditions. The effectiveness of the approach is evaluated on an acceleration signal captured on the casing of an aircraft engine gearbox, provided by SAFRAN.