bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decadal predictability of river discharge with climate oscillations over the 20th and early 21st century
Authors: Wanders Niko , Wada Yoshihide
Published: December 2015

Long‐term hydrological forecasts are important to increase our resilience and preparedness to extreme hydrological events. The skill in these forecasts is still limited due to large uncertainties inherent in hydrological models and poor predictability of long‐term meteorological conditions. Here we show that strong (lagged) correlations exist between four different major climate oscillation modes and modeled and observed discharge anomalies over a 100 year period. The strongest correlations are found between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation signal and river discharge anomalies all year round, while North Atlantic Oscillation and Antarctic Oscillation time series are strongly correlated with winter discharge anomalies. The correlation signal is significant for periods up to 5 years for some regions, indicating a high added value of this information for long‐term hydrological forecasting. The results suggest that long‐term hydrological forecasting could be significantly improved by including the climate oscillation signals and thus improve our preparedness for hydrological extremes in the near future.
Trends in aerosol optical depth in northern China retrieved from sunshine duration data
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Run , Liu Shaw Chen , Shiu Chein‐Jung , Wang Jingli , Zhang Yuanhang
Published: December 2015

A new method has been developed to retrieve aerosol optical depth (AOD) from sunshine duration (SSD). Retrieved AODs from SSD at the six stations in northern China in 2003–2005 agree reasonably well with AODs retrieved from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer observations near the six stations. Values and trends in AOD retrieved from SSD in Beijing and Tianjin in the period 1961–2005 also agree with those retrieved from solar radiation and visibility. These agreements allow the retrieval of credible upper and lower limits for anthropogenic AODs from SSD at the six stations during 1961–2005. The trends in anthropogenic AODs are approximately a factor of 3 to 5 lower than the trends in emissions of gas‐phase precursors of aerosols in 1973–2005, implying a significant sublinear relationship between the level of aerosols and emissions of their gas phase precursors. This finding has important implications for formulating a control strategy for PM2.5 or haze pollution in northern China.
Determination of the Earth's plasmapause location from the CE‐3 EUVC images
Authors: He Fei , Zhang Xiao‐Xin , Chen Bo , Fok Mei‐Ching , Nakano Shinya
Published: December 2015

The Moon‐based Extreme Ultraviolet Camera (EUVC) aboard China's Chang'e‐3 (CE‐3) mission has successfully imaged the entire Earth's plasmasphere for the first time from the side views on lunar surface. An EUVC image on 21 April 2014 is used in this study to demonstrate the characteristics and configurations of the Moon‐based EUV imaging and to illustrate the determination algorithm of the plasmapause locations on the magnetic equator. The plasmapause locations determined from all the available EUVC images with the Minimum L Algorithm are quantitatively compared with those extracted from in situ observations (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms, and Radiation Belt Storm Probes). Excellent agreement between the determined plasmapauses seen by EUVC and the extracted ones from other satellites indicates the reliability of the Moon‐based EUVC images as well as the determination algorithm. This preliminary study provides an important basis for future investigation of the dynamics of the plasmasphere with the Moon‐based EUVC imaging.
Absorbing and reflecting sudden stratospheric warming events and their relationship with tropospheric circulation
Authors: Kodera Kunihiko , Mukougawa Hitoshi , Maury Pauline , Ueda Manabu , Claud Chantal
Published: December 2015

Sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events have received increased attention since their impacts on the troposphere became evident recently. Studies of SSW usually focus on polar stratospheric conditions; however, understanding the global impact of these events requires studying them from a wider perspective. Case studies are used to clarify the characteristics of the stratosphere‐troposphere dynamical coupling, and the meridional extent of the phenomena associated with SSW. Results show that differences in the recovery phase can be used to classify SSW events into two types. The first is the absorbing type of SSW, which has a longer timescale as well as a larger meridional extent due to the persistent incoming planetary waves from the troposphere. The absorbing type of SSW is related to the annular mode on the surface through poleward and downward migration of the deceleration region of the polar night jet. The other is the reflecting type. This is characterized by a quick termination of the warming episode due to the reflection of planetary waves in the stratosphere, which leads to an amplification of tropospheric planetary waves inducing strong westerlies over the North Atlantic and blocking over the North Pacific sector. Differences in the tropospheric impact of the absorbing and reflecting SSWs are also confirmed with composite analysis of 22 major SSWs.
Evolution to decay of upwelling and associated biogeochemistry over the southeastern Arabian Sea shelf
Authors: Gupta G. V. M. , Sudheesh V. , Sudharma K. V. , Saravanane N. , Dhanya V. , Dhanya K. R. , Lakshmi G. , Sudhakar M. , Naqvi S. W. A.
Published: December 2015

Observations along 10 shelf transects in 2012 near 10°N in the southeastern Arabian Sea revealed the usual warm oligotrophic conditions during the winter monsoon and upwelling of oxygen‐deficient, nutrient‐rich cool water during the summer monsoon (SM). By changing an oligotrophic to a nutrient‐replete condition, the upwelling is the major process that regulates the biogeochemistry of this shelf. Its onset is perceptible at 100 m depth between January and March. The upwelling reaches the surface layer in May and intensifies during June–July but withdraws completely and abruptly by October. Despite the nutrient injection, the primary production during SM, integrated for euphotic zone, is comparable to that during the preceding spring intermonsoon (SIM). Again, as usual, the high oxygen demand coupled with low concentration in the upwelled subsurface waters causes severe oxygen depletion below the shallow pycnocline. The oxygen concentrations/saturations of 2012 on the midshelf are similar from those of mid‐1958 to early 1960, except for marginally higher values during the peak upwelling period due to relatively weak upwelling in 2012. This implies little anthropogenic influence on coastal hypoxia unlike many other coastal regions. In 2012, the inner shelf system shifted from net autotrophy in SIM to net heterotrophy in SM but on an annual basis it was net autotrophic (gross primary production to community respiration ratio, GPP/R:1.11 ± 0.84) as organic production exceeded consumption.
Hydrologic implications of GRACE satellite data in the Colorado River Basin
Authors: Scanlon Bridget R. , Zhang Zizhan , Reedy Robert C. , Pool Donald R. , Save Himanshu , Long Di , Chen Jianli , Wolock David M. , Conway Brian D. , Winester Daniel
Published: December 2015

Use of GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellites for assessing global water resources is rapidly expanding. Here we advance application of GRACE satellites by reconstructing long‐term total water storage (TWS) changes from ground‐based monitoring and modeling data. We applied the approach to the Colorado River Basin which has experienced multiyear intense droughts at decadal intervals. Estimated TWS declined by 94 km3 during 1986–1990 and by 102 km3 during 1998–2004, similar to the TWS depletion recorded by GRACE (47 km3) during 2010–2013. Our analysis indicates that TWS depletion is dominated by reductions in surface reservoir and soil moisture storage in the upper Colorado basin with additional reductions in groundwater storage in the lower basin. Groundwater storage changes are controlled mostly by natural responses to wet and dry cycles and irrigation pumping outside of Colorado River delivery zones based on ground‐based water level and gravity data. Water storage changes are controlled primarily by variable water inputs in response to wet and dry cycles rather than increasing water use. Surface reservoir storage buffers supply variability with current reservoir storage representing ∼2.5 years of available water use. This study can be used as a template showing how to extend short‐term GRACE TWS records and using all available data on storage components of TWS to interpret GRACE data, especially within the context of droughts.
Temperature Dependence of Charge Localization in High‐Mobility, Solution‐Crystallized Small Molecule Semiconductors Studied by Charge Modulation Spectroscopy
Authors: Meneau Aurélie Y. B. , Olivier Yoann , Backlund Tomas , James Mark , Breiby Dag Werner , Andreasen Jens Wenzel , Sirringhaus Henning
Published: December 2015

In solution‐processable small molecule semiconductors, the extent of charge carrier wavefunction localization induced by dynamic disorder can be probed spectroscopically as a function of temperature using charge modulation spectroscopy (CMS). Here, it is shown based on combined field‐effect transistor and CMS measurements as a function of temperature that in certain molecular semiconductors, such as solution‐processible pentacene, charge carriers become trapped at low temperatures in environments in which the charges become highly localized on individual molecules, while in some other molecules the charge carrier wavefunction can retain a degree of delocalization similar to what is present at room temperature. The experimental approach sheds new insight into the nature of shallow charge traps in these materials and allows identifying molecular systems in which intrinsic transport properties could, in principle, be observed at low temperatures if other transport bottlenecks associated with grain boundaries or contacts could be removed.
One‐Pot Olefin Isomerization/Aliphatic Enamine Ring‐Closing Metathesis/Oxidation/1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition for the Synthesis of Isoindolo[1,2‐a]isoquinolines
Authors: Fujii Yuki , Takehara Tsunayoshi , Suzuki Takeyuki , Fujioka Hiromichi , Shuto Satoshi , Arisawa Mitsuhiro
Published: December 2015

N‐Alkyl‐N‐(2‐vinylbenzyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐amine derivatives undergo a one‐pot olefin isomerization/aliphatic enamine ring‐closing metathesis (RCM)/oxidation/1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition sequence with the ruthenium complex, Ru(CO)HCl(PPh3)3, a second generation Hoveyda–Grubbs catalyst, and a 1,3‐dipolarophile. Overall, in a single operation the reaction sequence converts simple benzylamine derivatives into isoindolo[1,2‐a]isoquinolines with a π‐conjugated four‐ring system, through three unique ruthenium‐catalyzed transformations.

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Two unique TUBB3 mutations cause both CFEOM3 and malformations of cortical development
Authors: Whitman Mary C. , Andrews Caroline , Chan Wai‐Man , Tischfield Max A. , Stasheff Steven F. , Brancati Francesco , Ortiz‐Gonzalez Xilma , Nuovo Sara , Garaci Francesco , MacKinnon Sarah E. , Hunter David G. , Grant P. Ellen , Engle Elizabeth C.
Published: December 2015

One set of missense mutations in the neuron specific beta tubulin isotype 3 (TUBB3) has been reported to cause malformations of cortical development (MCD), while a second set has been reported to cause isolated or syndromic Congenital Fibrosis of the Extraocular Muscles type 3 (CFEOM3). Because TUBB3 mutations reported to cause CFEOM had not been associated with cortical malformations, while mutations reported to cause MCD had not been associated with CFEOM or other forms of paralytic strabismus, it was hypothesized that each set of mutations might alter microtubule function differently. Here, however, we report two novel de novo heterozygous TUBB3 amino acid substitutions, G71R and G98S, in four patients with both MCD and syndromic CFEOM3. These patients present with moderately severe CFEOM3, nystagmus, torticollis, and developmental delay, and have intellectual and social disabilities. Neuroimaging reveals defective cortical gyration, as well as hypoplasia or agenesis of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure, malformations of hippocampi, thalami, basal ganglia and cerebella, and brainstem and cranial nerve hypoplasia. These new TUBB3 substitutions meld the two previously distinct TUBB3‐associated phenotypes, and implicate similar microtubule dysfunction underlying both. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Report of two novel mutations in PTHLH associated with brachydactyly type E and literature review
Authors: Thomas‐Teinturier Cecile , Pereda Arrate , Garin Intza , Diez‐Lopez Ignacio , Linglart Agnès , Silve Caroline , de Nanclares Guiomar Pérez
Published: December 2015

Autosomal‐dominant brachydactyly type E is a congenital limb malformation characterized by small hands and feet as a result of shortened metacarpals and metatarsals. Alterations that predict haploinsufficiency of PTHLH, the gene coding for parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP), have been identified as a cause of this disorder in seven families. Here, we report three patients affected with brachydactyly type E, caused by PTHLH mutations expected to result in haploinsufficiency, and discuss our data compared to published reports. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kleine Ursache, große Wirkung: Modifikation der Guanidiniumgruppe im RGD‐Motiv reguliert die Integrinsubtypselektivität
Authors: Kapp Tobias G. , Fottner Maximilian , Maltsev Oleg V. , Kessler Horst
Published: December 2015

Durch ihre einzigartige Rolle als Wasserstoffbrückendonor und ihre positive Ladung ist die Guanidiniumgruppe eine wichtige pharmakophore Gruppe, welche häufig in synthetischen Liganden zu finden ist. Meist wird davon ausgegangen, dass eine chemische Modifizierung der Guanidiniumgruppe zum Verlust ihrer Wirkung führt. In dieser Arbeit zeigen wir, dass N‐Methylierung, N‐Alkylierung und N‐Acylierung der Guanidiniumgruppe genutzt werden kann, um die Integrinsubtypselektivität des Integrinliganden Cilengitide gezielt zu beeinflussen. Anhand der Beispiele des αvβ6/α5β1‐biselektiven Peptids c(isoDGRkphg) sowie des αvβ6‐selektiven Liganden c(FRGDLAFp(NMe)K(Ac)) können wir außerdem zeigen, dass auf diese Weise die Bindungsaffinitäten dieser Liganden im Hinblick auf eine erhöhte αvβ6‐Subtypselektivität abgestimmt werden können. Außerdem beschreiben wir eine neuartige Strategie zur Funktionalisierung von Integrinliganden. Durch das Einführen längerer N‐Alkyl‐ und N‐Acylguanidiniumgruppen gelang es uns, einen bisher unbekannten Verankerungspunkt für die Funktionalisierung des Moleküls zu finden, und gleichzeitig die Subtypselektivität zu erhöhen.
Compressed Corannulene in a Molecular Cage
Authors: Schmidt Bernd M. , Osuga Takafumi , Sawada Tomohisa , Hoshino Manabu , Fujita Makoto
Published: December 2015

Self‐assembled coordination cages can be employed as a molecular press, where the bowl‐shaped guest corannulene (C20H10) is significantly flattened upon inclusion within the hydrophobic cavity. This is demonstrated by the pairwise inclusion of corannulene with naphthalene diimide as well as by the dimer inclusion of bromocorannulene inside the box‐like host. The compressed corannulene structures are unambiguously revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.
Evaluation of some eco‐friendly plasticizers forPLAfilms processing
Authors: Darie‐Niţă Raluca N. , Vasile Cornelia , Irimia Anamaria , Lipşa Rodica , Râpă Maria
Published: December 2015

This study was conducted as a first step in order to obtain green materials for food packaging by using an eco‐friendly bioplastic, polylactic acid (PLA), and nontoxic plasticizers. Different types of nontoxic biocompatible plasticizers/lubricants, both obtained in the laboratory, as well as commercial ones, were employed to modulate physical and mechanical properties of PLA. Melt compounding by means of a Brabender mixer led to obtaining of homogeneous materials. The incorporation of PLA oligomer,l‐lactide, poly(ethylene glycol), and epoxidized soybean oil (USE) improved the melt flow and processability, increasing the hydrophilicity of the resulted plasticized PLA systems. USE significantly increased the elongation at break, reduced the glass transition temperature, and increased the PLA chain mobility. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43223.
Processing of wood plastic composites: The influence of feeding method and polymer melt flow rate on particle degradation
Authors: Teuber Laura , Militz Holger , Krause Andreas
Published: December 2015

Spruce wood particle (WP)/polypropylene (PP) compounds were prepared in an internal mixer using different rotor speeds. To analyze the effect of feeding method on particle degradation, WP and PP were either fed as dry‐blend or WP was fed into the PP melt. To prevent melt freezing, pre‐heated WP were used as comparison to cold WP. In addition, WPs were compounded with different grades of PP or high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) to analyze the effect of polymer matrix melt flow rate (MFR) on particle degradation. Mixing behavior of compounds containing 30% and 70% (w/w) WP depended on feeding method, represented by a changing relation of final torque values. Feeding as dry‐blend and using pre‐heated particles led to stronger WP degradation. Degradation decreased with increasing polymer MFR. For PP compounds, particle degradation was stronger when containing 70% WP, for HDPE the difference due to WP content was only marginal. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43231.
Design Principles of Reptilian Muscles: Calcium Cycling Strategies
Authors: Perni Stefano , Close Matthew , Franzini‐Armstrong Clara
Published: December 2015

The ultrastructure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in skeletal muscles was compared among different reptile species (watersnake, boa constrictor, lizard, and turtle) and a mammal (mouse). Morphometric analysis demonstrates a pattern of increasing calsequestrin (CASQ) content in the lumen of SR from turtle to lizard, watersnake, and boa constrictor, and this content is in all cases higher than in mouse. In all reptiles sampled except turtle, CASQ is not confined to the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (jSR) cisternae as it is in other species. It instead fills the entire longitudinal (free) SR (fSR) regions, and in the extreme case of snakes, the shape of the SR is modified around the extra CASQ. We suggest that high CASQ content may represent an ATP‐saving adaptation that permits relatively low metabolic rates during prolonged periods of fasting and inactivity, particularly in watersnake and boa constrictor. Anat Rec, 299:352–360, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of the inhibitory effect of green tea extract on glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase based on multilayer capillary enzyme microreactor
Authors: Camara Mohamed Amara , Tian Miaomiao , Liu Xiaoxia , Liu Xin , Wang Yujia , Yang Jiqing , Yang Li
Published: December 2015

Natural herbal medicines are an important source of enzyme inhibitors for the discovery of new drugs. A number of natural extracts such as green tea have been used in prevention and treatment of diseases due to their low‐cost, low toxicity and good performance. The present study reports an online assay of the activity and inhibition of the green tea extract of the Glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) enzyme using multilayer capillary electrophoresis based immobilized enzyme microreactors (CE‐IMERs). The multilayer CE‐IMERs were produced with layer‐by‐layer electrostatic assembly, which can easily enhance the enzyme loading capacity of the microreactor. The activity of the G6PDH enzyme was determined and the enzyme inhibition by the inhibitors from green tea extract was investigated using online assay of the multilayer CE‐IMERs. The Michaelis constant (Km) of the enzyme, the IC50 and Ki values of the inhibitors were achieved and found to agree with those obtained using offline assays. The results show a competitive inhibition of green tea extract on the G6PDH enzyme. The present study provides an efficient and easy‐to‐operate approach for determining G6PDH enzyme reaction and the inhibition of green tea extract, which may be beneficial in research and the development of natural herbal medicines. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SCAI/ACC/HRS institutional and operator requirements for left atrial appendage occlusion
Authors: Kavinsky Clifford J. , Kusumoto Fred M. , Bavry Anthony A. , Bailey Steven R. , Ellenbogen Kenneth A. , Hess Paul L. , Lustgarten Daniel L. , Moussa Issam D. , Spies Christian
Published: December 2015

© 2016 Heart Rhythm Society, the American College of Cardiology Foundation, and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions
Progressive scarring facial lesions in a boy
Authors: Chee Jade N. , Koh Mark J.A. , Liew Hui‐Min
Published: December 2015

Key Clinical Message

Hydroa vacciniforme is a photosensitivity disorder characterized by the childhood onset of necrotic vesiculopapules on exposed areas. We present a case of a 10‐year‐old boy with a 1‐year history of papular lesions over his face. In this report, we discuss the in‐depth histology of hydroa vacciniforme, and the management options.
Swallowing‐induced atrial tachycardia: case report
Authors: Xu Ye , Cheng Kuan , Zhu Wenqing
Published: December 2015

Key Clinical Message

A 53‐year‐old man presented with heart palpitations while swallowing. Electrophysiologic study (EPS) and immunohistochemical results of his esophageal leiomyoma suggested that swallowing‐induced atrial tachycardia is related with neural reflex. S100‐immunopositive nerve fibers are demonstrated sympathetic nerves which possibly explain the mechanism. Metoprolol tartrate tablets are effective in our patient.
Pulmonary vein and cavotricuspid isthmus ablation in situs inversus totalis
Authors: Benjamin Mina M. , Kipp Ryan , Wright Jennifer
Published: December 2015

Key Clinical Message

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation is feasible in patients with situs inversus totalis. Orientation challenges are improved with the use of electroanatomical mapping prior to transseptal puncture. Care must be taken to note the opposing anatomic locations of important structures such as the left atrial appendage, descending aorta, and phrenic nerve.
Kinetic and Theoretical Investigation of Iron(III)‐Catalyzed Silane Chlorination
Authors: Savela Risto , Grénman Henrik , Sundelin Heidi , Norrby Per‐Ola , Yu. Murzin Dmitry , Leino Reko
Published: December 2015

A highly versatile, robust, and efficient methodology for chlorination of silanes, methoxysilanes and silanols using low loadings of FeCl3 or Fe(acac)3 as the catalyst in the presence of 1–1.5 equivalents of acetyl chloride as the chlorine source was recently developed. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate and derive the reaction mechanisms involved in this reaction by calculating substrates, intermediates, products, and selected transition states, as well as by employing mathematical modeling of the reaction kinetics. The results obtained required reconsideration of the originally proposed overall reaction mechanism. Based on the kinetic and molecular modeling, a new revised reaction mechanism was developed giving a very good correspondence between the experimental data and calculations.
Enhanced Photostability of a Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complex under Highly Oxidizing Aqueous Conditions by Its Partial Inclusion into a Cyclodextrin
Authors: Farras Pau , Waller Helen , Benniston Andrew C.
Published: December 2015

The complex [Ru(bpy)2L]2+, where bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine, L=4‐(phenylethynyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine, was prepared in its racemic and resolved forms (Δ and Λ). The phenylethynyl unit on the bipyridine for the complex acts as a binding site for α‐cyclodextrin in water (1:1 complex, K=3390 L mol−1) or β‐cyclodextrin (2:1 complex, K1=887 L mol−1, K2=8070 L mol−1). The presence of the cyclodextrin provides partial protection to the complex under light‐activated water oxidation conditions.
Identifying a Highly Active Copper Catalyst for KA2 Reaction of Aromatic Ketones
Authors: Cai Yujuan , Tang Xinjun , Ma Shengming
Published: December 2015

The well‐established A3 coupling reaction of terminal alkynes, aldehydes, and amines provides the most straightforward approach to propargylic amines. However, the related reaction of ketones, especially aromatic ketones, is still a significant challenge. A highly efficient catalytic protocol has been developed for the coupling of aromatic ketones with amines and terminal alkynes, in which CuI, generated in situ from the reduction of CuBr2 with sodium ascorbate, has been identified as the highly efficient catalyst. Since propargylic amines are versatile synthetic intermediates and important units in pharmaceutical products, such an advance will greatly stimulate research interest involving the previously unavailable propargylic amines.
Atomically ordered (Mn,Ga)As crystallites on and within GaAs
Authors: Häusler Ines , Moeck Peter , Volz Kerstin , Neumann Wolfgang
Published: December 2015

Metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) of Mn‐rich (Mn,Ga)As on (001) oriented GaAs wafers resulted in atomically ordered (Mn,Ga)As crystallites of two morphological kinds, partially embedded on the wafer surface and fully embedded within the single crystalline matrix. While the former were apparently free of defects (other than unavoidable point defects), the latter contained two domains separated by a grain boundary. Since atomic ordering can be modeled by space group symmetry descent considerations (Bärnighausen trees) that start with the space group of the known crystallographic phases of random (Mn,Ga)As alloys with specified chemical compositions, reasonable structure hypotheses have been derived for two atomically ordered Mn0.75Ga0.25As phases that we call the trigonal α' and the monoclinic β' phases. The implications of these structure hypotheses are in agreement with the results of a range of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and parallel illumination electron diffraction (ED) studies that include quantitative energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray spectroscopic imaging, as well nanobeam diffraction and high angle precession ED. The coexistence of two domains within the fully embedded crystallites is predicted by the corresponding Bärnighausen tree and observed experimentally for the fully embedded crystallites.
Optimizing the choice of influential nodes for diffusion on a social network
Authors: Agha Mohammad Ali Kermani Mehrdad , Aliahmadi Alireza , Hanneman Robert
Published: December 2015

An optimization approach is taken to locating the optimal set of initial contacts in a social network to maximize the number of total network members reached by a message. It is assumed that initial contacts are costly and that the number of initial contacts must be minimized simultaneously with maximizing the total number of network members contacted. A bi‐objective probabilistic integer programming model is developed that assumes that actors are heterogeneous in the probability that they will pass messages along their ego networks. Considering the complexity of solving the proposed model, it reformulated as a pure integer programming model. The algorithm is illustrated by the analysis of message passing in a short‐message system (texting) among university students. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clonorchis sinensis ova in bile juice cytology from a patient with severe hyperbilirubinemia and portal vein thrombosis
Authors: Fujiya Keiichi , Ganno Hideaki , Ando Masayuki , Chong Ja‐Mun
Published: December 2015

Infection with the trematode Clonorchis sinensis is the most common human fluke infection in East Asian populations. Although this infection is associated with obstructive jaundice or choledocholithiasis, portal vein thrombosis has not been reported. Here, we report the first case of a 60‐year‐old man who had both C. sinensis infection and portal vein thrombosis with severe hyperbilirubinemia (75.4 mg/dl). He initially presented with abdominal pain and jaundice. Computed tomography revealed gallstones, common bile duct calculus, and thrombus in the left main branch of the portal vein. A nasobiliary tube was inserted under endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Cytology of the bile juice revealed many C. sinensis eggs. The abdominal pain and jaundice improved following choledocholithotomy and combination treatment with a chemotherapeutic agent and anti‐coagulant. This case suggests that inflammation around the portal vein as a result of C. sinensis infection has the potential to evoke portal vein thrombosis. Such cases should be treated with both a chemotherapeutic agent and anti‐coagulant therapy. In conclusion, the possibility of infection with C. sinensis should be considered in patients presenting with hyperbilirubinemia and portal vein thrombosis, particularly in East Asian populations. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:223–225. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of cytotechnologist–cytopathologist interpretative agreement using the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology
Authors: Lokhandwala Parvez M. , Abendroth Catherine S. , Wang Ming , Mani Haresh , Williams Nicole C. , Walls Michelle , Zander Dani S.
Published: December 2015

Background

The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology was proposed to provide a clinically relevant framework for interpretations to improve interobserver agreement. Limited data is available regarding the level of interobserver agreement between groups of cytotechnologists (CTs) and cytopathologists (CPs) examining the same thyroid fine needle aspirate (FNA) samples.

Methods

Retrospective review of 1,229 thyroid FNAs from 976 patients between 03/2010 and 08/2012 was performed. FNAs received preliminary evaluation by a CT followed by final interpretation by a CP. We calculated Cohen's Kappa coefficient to measure agreement between CTs and CPs, and analyzed levels of discrepancy using delta analysis.

Results

Overall Kappa between CTs and CPs was 0.79 (95%CI: 0.76–0.83). Kappa values were higher for the nondiagnostic (0.89), benign (0.83), and malignant (0.91) categories than for other categories. Overall Kappa did not show a trend over time, and inversely correlated with the percentage of intermediate grade lesions (coefficient of −0.8; P < 0.01). CTs overcalled more cases (n = 71) than undercalled (n = 29) (P < 0.001), as compared to CPs, with a Δ1 ratio of 2.2 and Δ2 ratio of 3.5. Most two‐level discrepancies were related to follicular lesions (19/21) (P = 0.0002). Differences in sample adequacy assessment occurred in 2% of cases.

Conclusion

Overall, there was a high level of interpretative agreement between CTs and CPs, which remained stable over time, including judgments regarding specimen adequacy. Agreement was most robust for the benign and malignant categories. Our data supports the current practice of allowing CTs to perform on‐site adequacy evaluation of thyroid FNAs. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:113–118. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wnt/β‐catenin‐signaling and the formation of Müller glia‐derived progenitors in the chick retina
Authors: Gallina Donika , Palazzo Isabella , Steffenson Lillia , Todd Levi , Fischer Andy J.
Published: December 2015

Müller glia can be stimulated to de‐differentiate, proliferate, and form Müller glia‐derived progenitor cells (MGPCs) that are capable of producing retinal neurons. The signaling pathways that influence the de‐differentiation of mature Müller glia and proliferation of MGPCs may include the Wnt‐pathway. The purpose of this study was to investigate how Wnt‐signaling influences the formation of MGPCs in the chick retina in vivo. In NMDA‐damaged retinas where MGPCs are known to form, we find dynamic changes in retinal levels of potential readouts of Wnt‐signaling, including dkk1, dkk3, axin2, c‐myc, tcf‐1, and cd44. We find accumulations of nuclear β‐catenin in MGPCs that peaks at 3 days and rapidly declines by 5 days after NMDA‐treatment. Inhibition of Wnt‐signaling with XAV939 in damaged retinas suppressed the formation of MGPCs, increased expression of ascl1a and decreased hes5, but had no effect upon the differentiation of progeny produced by MGPCs. Activation of Wnt‐signaling, with GSK3β‐inhibitors, in the absence of retinal damage, failed to stimulate the formation of MGPCs, whereas activation of Wnt‐signaling in damaged retinas stimulated the formation of MGPCs. In the absence of retinal damage, FGF2/MAPK‐signaling stimulated the formation of MGPCs by activating a signaling network that includes Wnt/β‐catenin. In FGF2‐treated retinas, inhibition of Wnt‐signaling reduced numbers of proliferating MGPCs, whereas activation of Wnt‐signaling failed to influence the formation of proliferating MGPCs. Our findings indicate that Wnt‐signaling is part of a network initiated by FGF2/MAPK or retinal damage, and activation of canonical Wnt‐signaling is required for the formation of proliferating MGPCs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 983–1002, 2016
Focused vs. Broad enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa with comorbid borderline personality: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Thompson‐Brenner Heather , Shingleton Rebecca M. , Thompson Douglas R. , Satir Dana A. , Richards Lauren K. , Pratt Elizabeth M. , Barlow David H.
Published: December 2015

Objective

A subset of individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN) have borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms, including chronic negative affect and interpersonal problems. These symptoms predict poor BN treatment outcome in some studies. The broad version of Enhanced Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT‐E) was developed to address co‐occurring problems that interfere with treatment response. The current study investigated the relative effects, predictors, and moderators of CBT‐E for BN with BPD and co‐occurring mood/anxiety disorders.

Method

Fifty patients with BN and threshold or sub‐threshold BPD and current or recent Axis I mood or anxiety disorders were randomly assigned to receive focused CBT‐E (CBT‐Ef) or broad CBT‐E (CBT‐Eb) specifically including an interpersonal module and additional attention to mood intolerance.

Results

Forty‐two percent of the sample reported remission from binge eating and purging at termination. Significant changes across symptom domains were observed at termination and at 6‐month follow‐up. Though CBT‐Ef predicted good outcomes in multivariate models, the severity of affective/interpersonal problems moderated treatment effects: participants with higher severity showed better ED outcomes in CBT‐Eb, whereas those with lower severity showed better outcomes in CBT‐Ef. Severity of affective/interpersonal BPD symptoms at baseline predicted negative outcomes overall. Follow‐up BPD affective/interpersonal problems were predicted by baseline affective/interpersonal problems and by termination EDE score.

Discussion

This study supports the utility of CBT‐E for patients with BN and complex comorbidity. CBT‐Ef appears to be more efficacious for patients with relatively less severe BPD symptoms, whereas CBT‐Eb appears to be more efficacious for patients with more severe BPD symptoms. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:36–49).
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Phosphinate‐Bridged Hexanuclear FeIII Complexes Containing Two Butterfly‐Shaped Fe3O Cores
Authors: Goura Joydeb , Oyarzabal Itziar , Colacio Enrique , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli
Published: December 2015

Invited for the cover of this issue are Enrique Colacio from the University of Granada, Spain, and Vadapalli Chandrasekhar from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India. The cover image shows the two hexanuclear FeIII phosphinate clusters, whose magnetic properties were investigated, against a background of butterflies, which delineate the structure of the cores.
Design and Synthesis of Diastereomeric β3‐Peptides from (R,R)/(S,S)‐APyC and (R)/(S)‐β3‐Caa: Determination of Enantiomeric Handedness
Authors: Sharma Gangavaram V. M. , Ravindranath Hajari , Bhaskar Akkala , Sirisha Katukuri , Ramakrishna Kallaganti V. S. , Sarma Akella V. S.
Published: December 2015

We have previously reported enantiomeric α/β‐ and β‐peptides derived from aminopyrancarboxylic acids (APyCs). We now report the synthesis of diastereomeric β‐peptides synthesized from alternating (R,R)/(S,S)‐APyCs and C‐linked carbo β3‐amino acids [(R)/(S)‐β3‐Caas] and their conformational analysis. Extensive studies of these peptides revealed the presence of enantiomeric helical structures, that is, left‐ and right‐handed 12/10‐helices, that are well stabilized by five‐membered electrostatic interactions between the pyran oxygen atom and the succeding amide proton. The study thus reveals, irrespective of the nature of the peptides, that the APyC monomers influence on the outcome of the helical handedness, as established by NMR, CD and molecular dynamics (MD) analyses.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allyl­ic Substitutions with Bulky ­Amines/Oxidative Double Bond Cleavage – Entry into the Reetz Synthesis of Amino Alcohols
Authors: Seehafer Kai , Malakar Chandi C. , Bender Markus , Qu Jianping , Liang Chen , Helmchen Günter
Published: December 2015

Branched allylic amines were prepared by Ir‐catalyzed enantioselective allylic aminations with the bulky N‐nucleophiles HN(Boc)2 and HNBn2. The products were transformed into N‐protected amino aldehydes, which were either reduced or coupled diastereoselectively with organometallic compounds to give vicinal amino alcohols. A formal synthesis of the neurokinin receptor antagonist (+)‐L‐733060 was carried out as an application.
β‐Lactams as Formal Dipoles through Amide‐Bond Activation
Authors: Barbier Vincent , Marrot Jérôme , Couty François , David Olivier R. P.
Published: December 2015

Activation of β‐lactams can be achieved by simple Lewis‐base catalysis to trigger an unprecedented reaction based on the formal dipolar behaviour of a strained amide bond. A new synthetic route for 1,3‐oxazinan‐6‐ones is presented by reaction of β‐lactams with ethylglyoxylate, which after methodological optimizations identified 4‐pyrrolidinopyridine as the catalyst of choice in aprotic polar solvents. Mechanistic details are also discussed in light of the intrinsic limitations identified for this transformation.
Empfehlungen zur Verwertung von Baggergut im Deichbau
Authors: Saathoff Fokke , Cantré Stefan
Published: December 2015

Herkömmliche Deichbaumaterialien, wie Mergel (Ostsee) oder Klei (Nordsee), werden zunehmend knapp und müssen für Neubauten und die Ertüchtigung von Landesschutzdeichen häufig unter erheblichen Eingriffen in die Natur gewonnen und über größere Strecken transportiert werden. (Nass‐)Baggergut fällt dagegen regelmäßig in großen Mengen bei der Unterhaltung von Häfen und Wasserstraßen an und kann nach materialabhängiger Aufbereitung abfallrechtlich verwertet werden – auch als Ersatzbaustoff im Deichbau. Im Projekt DredgDikes wurden über einen Zeitraum von fast fünf Jahren verschiedene Chargen Baggergut auf ihre Eignung als Deichersatzbaustoff untersucht. Dazu wurde ein umfangreiches Laborprogramm bearbeitet und zwei Forschungsdeiche in Rostock und Umgebung mit Baggergut hergestellt, an denen eine Vielzahl an Feldversuchen durchgeführt wurde. Diese Forschungsbauwerke bleiben auch weiterhin instrumentiert, um langfristige Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen. Als Ergebnis dieser Untersuchungen entstanden Empfehlungen für die Planung, die Herstellung und die Pflege von Deichen aus Baggergut sowie zum genehmigungsrechtlichen Umgang mit Baggergut im Deichbau und zum notwendigen Untersuchungsumfang, die es zukünftig ermöglichen, geeignete Materialien auszuwählen und zum Einsatz zu bringen.

Recommendations for the recovery of dredged material in dike construction. Conventional dike construction materials such as boulder clay/marl (Baltic) or marsh clay (North Sea) are becoming increasingly scarce. They are often mined in environmentally sensitive areas and transported over considerable distances to the site of dike (re)construction. On the other hand large quantities of dredged material regularly incur during the maintenance of ports and waterways, which can be recovered after a material dependent treatment according to waste legislation – e. g. as replacement construction material for dikes. In the project DredgDikes over a period of almost five years, several batches of dredged material were tested for their suitability as replacement dike construction material. For this purpose, an extensive laboratory program was performed and two research dikes in Rostock and the surrounding area were built with dredged materials, where a variety of field tests were carried out. These research installations shall stay instrumented to attract long‐term findings. As a result, recommendations were developed for the design, construction and maintenance of dikes made with dredged materials. Also, recommendations regarding the legal handling of dredged material in the context of dikes and the necessary scope of investigation could be derived. These recommendations will enable selecting suitable materials and bringing them to use.
The requirement of BDNF for hippocampal synaptic plasticity is experience‐dependent
Authors: Aarse Janna , Herlitze Stefan , Manahan‐Vaughan Denise
Published: December 2015

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) supports neuronal survival, growth, and differentiation and has been implicated in forms of hippocampus‐dependent learning. In vitro, a specific role in hippocampal synaptic plasticity has been described, although not all experience‐dependent forms of synaptic plasticity critically depend on BDNF. Synaptic plasticity is likely to enable long‐term synaptic information storage and memory, and the induction of persistent (>24 h) forms, such as long‐term potentiation (LTP) and long‐term depression (LTD) is tightly associated with learning specific aspects of a spatial representation. Whether BDNF is required for persistent (>24 h) forms of LTP and LTD, and how it contributes to synaptic plasticity in the freely behaving rodent has never been explored. We examined LTP, LTD, and related forms of learning in the CA1 region of freely dependent mice that have a partial knockdown of BDNF (BDNF+/−). We show that whereas early‐LTD (<90min) requires BDNF, short‐term depression (<45 min) does not. Furthermore, BDNF is required for LTP that is induced by mild, but not strong short afferent stimulation protocols. Object‐place learning triggers LTD in the CA1 region of mice. We observed that object‐place memory was impaired and the object‐place exploration failed to induce LTD in BDNF+/− mice. Furthermore, spatial reference memory, that is believed to be enabled by LTP, was also impaired. Taken together, these data indicate that BDNF is required for specific, but not all, forms of hippocampal‐dependent information storage and memory. Thus, very robust forms of synaptic plasticity may circumvent the need for BDNF, rather it may play a specific role in the optimization of weaker forms of plasticity. The finding that both learning‐facilitated LTD and spatial reference memory are both impaired in BDNF+/− mice, suggests moreover, that it is critically required for the physiological encoding of hippocampus‐dependent memory. © 2015 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increasing the vocalizations of individuals with autism during intervention with a speech‐generating device
Authors: Gevarter Cindy , O'Reilly Mark F. , Kuhn Michelle , Mills Kasey , Ferguson Raechal , Watkins Laci , Sigafoos Jeff , Lang Russell , Rojeski Laura , Lancioni Giulio E.
Published: December 2015

This study aimed to teach individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and limited vocal speech to emit target vocalizations while using a speech‐generating device (SGD). Of the 4 participants, 3 began emitting vocal word approximations with SGD responses after vocal instructional methods (delays, differential reinforcement, prompting) were introduced. Two participants met mastery criterion with a reinforcer delay and differential reinforcement, and 1 met criterion after fading an echoic model and prompt delay. For these participants, vocalizations initiated before speech outputs were shown to increase, and vocalizations generalized to a context in which the SGD was absent. The 4th participant showed high vocalization rates only when prompted. The results suggest that adding vocal instruction to an SGD‐based intervention can increase vocalizations emitted along with SGD responses for some individuals with ASD.
Videography supported adhesion, and proliferation behavior of MG‐63 osteoblastic cells on 2.5D titania nanotube matrices
Authors: Manurung Robeth Viktoria , Fu Pei‐Wen , Chu Yeh‐Shiu , Lo Chun‐Min , Chattopadhyay Surojit
Published: December 2015

Human osteosarcoma cells MG‐63 were cultured on anodically etched titania nanotubes (TiO2 NT), with diameters ranging from 40‐100 nm, to study the correlations between cell proliferation and adhesion on the 2.5 dimensional (2.5D) extracellular matrix (ECM). Unlike other reports, mostly based on mouse stem cells, and 2D cell culture, our studies indicate that the 2.5D NT promote higher proliferation and activity, but less 2D adhesion. Proliferation of the MG‐63 cells was significantly higher in the NTs, the best being the 70 nm diameter sample, compared to planar titania (control). This is consistent with previous studies. However, cellular adhesion was stronger on TiO2 NT with increasing diameter, and highest on the control as obtained from shear stress measurement, paxilin imaging, and western blot measurements probing focal adhesion kinase, p130 CAS, and extracellular‐regulated kinase, in addition to cell morphology imaging by fluorescence microscopy. We provide direct videography of cell migration, and cell speed data indicating faster filopodial activity on the TiO2 NT surfaces having lower adhesion. This evidence was not available previously. The NT matrices promote cells with smaller surface area, because of less 2D stretching. In contrast, on comparatively planar 2D‐like surfaces uniaxial stretching of the cell body with strong anchoring of the filopodia, resulted in larger cell surface area, and demonstrated stronger adhesion. The difference in the results, with those previously published, may be generally attributed to, among others, the use of mouse stem cells (human osteosarcoma used here), and unannealed as‐grown TiO2 NTs used previously (annealed ECMs used here). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 842–852, 2016.
A Compassion‐Focused Approach to Working With Someone Diagnosed With Schizophrenia
Authors: Kennedy Angela , Ellerby Mark
Published: December 2015

This case report is a shared, compassion‐focused therapy account between a therapist and someone with a 20‐year history of schizophrenia. It shows the usefulness of compassion in facilitating the courage to address the worst symptoms of psychosis. It does this by promoting a mindfulness of mind and emotional regulation. This approach helped create an alternative position from which to ground and anchor the self so psychotic fears were less able to dominate.