bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Application of an Augmented Reality Navigation System for Transforaminal Epidural Injection: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jang Yookyung , Lim Sunghwan , Lee Sunhee , Je Lee Gyeong , Kim Taesan , Joo Subin , Seo Joonho , Lee Deukhee , Koh Jae Chul
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Augmented reality (AR) navigation systems are emerging to simplify and enhance the precision of medical procedures. Lumbosacral transforaminal epidural injection is a commonly performed procedure for the treatment and diagnosis of radiculopathy. Accurate needle placement while avoiding critical structures remains a challenge. For this purpose, we conducted a randomized controlled trial for our augmented reality navigation system. Methods: This randomized controlled study involved 28 patients, split between a traditional C-arm guided group (control) and an AR navigation guided group (AR-NAVI), to compare procedure efficiency and radiation exposure. The AR-NAVI group used a real-time tracking system displaying spinal structure and needle position on an AR head-mounted display. The procedural time and C-arm usage (radiation exposure) were measured. Results: All patients underwent successful procedures without complications. The AR-NAVI group demonstrated significantly reduced times and C-arm usage for needle entry to the target point (58.57 ± 33.31 vs. 124.91 ± 41.14, p < 0.001 and 3.79 ± 1.97 vs. 8.86 ± 3.94, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The use of the AR navigation system significantly improved procedure efficiency and safety by reducing time and radiation exposure, suggesting a promising direction for future enhancements and validation.
Stress and Coping Strategies among Women in Late Motherhood
Authors: Mróz Mariola , Stobnicka Dominika , Marcewicz Agnieszka , Szlendak Beata , Iwanowicz-Palus Grażyna
Published: March 2024

Background: The shifting reproductive age of women is reflected in European populations. Pregnancy in women older than 35 years is considered high-risk and can be an additional source of stress. The aim of this study was to assess the perceived stress of women experiencing late motherhood and the coping strategies used. Methods: The study was conducted in Poland by means of a diagnostic survey, using the COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced) Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS), and a self-administered questionnaire. The study included 310 women who gave birth to their first child after the age of 35 and 313 respondents in a control group who gave birth before this age. Results: Based on the results, there were no statistically significant differences in feelings of stress among women who gave birth to their first child after the age of 35 (M = 18.33) compared to the control group (M = 18.14). However, statistically significant differences were observed regarding stress coping strategies. Conclusions: Women giving birth after the age of 35 were more likely to use strategies including active coping, planning, positive reformulation, acceptance, turning to religion, and seeking instrumental support.
Approach and Management of Pregnancies with Risk Identified by Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing
Authors: Gug Miruna , Rațiu Adrian , Andreescu Nicoleta , Farcaș Simona , Laitin Sorina , Gug Cristina
Published: March 2024

This study represents our second investigation into NIPT, involving a more extensive patient cohort with a specific emphasis on the high-risk group. The high-risk group was subsequently divided into two further groups to compare confirmed cases versus unconfirmed via direct methods. The methodology encompassed the analysis of 1400 consecutive cases from a single genetic center in western Romania, where NIPT was used to assess the risk of specific fetal chromosomal abnormalities. All high-risk cases underwent validation through direct analysis of fetal cells obtained via invasive methods, including chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis. The confirmation process utilized QF-PCR, karyotyping, and SNP-Array methods customized to each case. Results: A high risk of aneuploidy at NIPT was identified in 36 out of 1400 (2.57%) cases and confirmed in 28 cases. The study also detected an increased risk for copy number variations (CNVs) in 1% of cases, confirmed in two instances involving one large microdeletion and one large microduplication. Trisomy 21 was the exclusive anomaly where NIPT confirmed all cases with identified risk. High-risk NIPT results which were not validated by invasive methods, were classified as false positives; parents in these cases determined to continue the pregnancy. In conclusion, NIPT can serve as a screening method for all pregnancies; however, in high-risk cases, an invasive confirmation test is strongly recommended.
Association of Fetal Lung Development Disorders with Adult Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Yaremenko Alexey V. , Pechnikova Nadezhda A. , Porpodis Konstantinos , Damdoumis Savvas , Aggeli Amalia , Theodora Papamitsou , Domvri Kalliopi
Published: March 2024

Fetal lung development is a crucial and complex process that lays the groundwork for postnatal respiratory health. However, disruptions in this delicate developmental journey can lead to fetal lung development disorders, impacting neonatal outcomes and potentially influencing health outcomes well into adulthood. Recent research has shed light on the intriguing association between fetal lung development disorders and the development of adult diseases. Understanding these links can provide valuable insights into the developmental origins of health and disease, paving the way for targeted preventive measures and clinical interventions. This review article aims to comprehensively explore the association of fetal lung development disorders with adult diseases. We delve into the stages of fetal lung development, examining key factors influencing fetal lung maturation. Subsequently, we investigate specific fetal lung development disorders, such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), and other abnormalities. Furthermore, we explore the potential mechanisms underlying these associations, considering the role of epigenetic modifications, transgenerational effects, and intrauterine environmental factors. Additionally, we examine the epidemiological evidence and clinical findings linking fetal lung development disorders to adult respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory ailments. This review provides valuable insights for healthcare professionals and researchers, guiding future investigations and shaping strategies for preventive interventions and long-term care.
Patients’ Perceptions and Attitudes to the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Pesapane Filippo , Giambersio Emilia , Capetti Benedetta , Monzani Dario , Grasso Roberto , Nicosia Luca , Rotili Anna , Sorce Adriana , Meneghetti Lorenza , Carriero Serena , Santicchia Sonia , Carrafiello Gianpaolo , Pravettoni Gabriella , Cassano Enrico
Published: March 2024

Breast cancer remains the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, necessitating advancements in diagnostic methods. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into mammography has shown promise in enhancing diagnostic accuracy. However, understanding patient perspectives, particularly considering the psychological impact of breast cancer diagnoses, is crucial. This narrative review synthesizes literature from 2000 to 2023 to examine breast cancer patients’ attitudes towards AI in breast imaging, focusing on trust, acceptance, and demographic influences on these views. Methodologically, we employed a systematic literature search across databases such as PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Scopus, selecting studies that provided insights into patients’ perceptions of AI in diagnostics. Our review included a sample of seven key studies after rigorous screening, reflecting varied patient trust and acceptance levels towards AI. Overall, we found a clear preference among patients for AI to augment rather than replace the diagnostic process, emphasizing the necessity of radiologists’ expertise in conjunction with AI to enhance decision-making accuracy. This paper highlights the importance of aligning AI implementation in clinical settings with patient needs and expectations, emphasizing the need for human interaction in healthcare. Our findings advocate for a model where AI augments the diagnostic process, underlining the necessity for educational efforts to mitigate concerns and enhance patient trust in AI-enhanced diagnostics.
Simulation of the Service Environment and Selection of the Refractory Lining for a Heat Recovery Coke Oven
Authors: Zhou Yuansheng , Zhang Lixin , Wang Enhui , Xu Enxia , He Zhijun , Yang Tao , Hou Xinmei
Published: March 2024

A heat recovery coke oven (HRCO) is one of important approaches to achieving a carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China. However, the steady operation of an HRCO is significantly influenced by the internal working conditions and the quality of lining refractories. In this work, a comprehensive study of the internal working conditions of an HRCO was carried out. The results suggest that the partition wall (PW) between the carbonization and combustion chambers is the most vulnerable area, with the corresponding traditional silica bricks inadequate for the service requirements. A reference based on a comparison of the average thermal stress and high-temperature compressive strength is offered for evaluating and selecting silica bricks for the PW. New optimized silica bricks within the reference are verified to be more applicable to the actual working conditions of an HRCO than the traditional silica bricks. As such, this work provides valuable guidance for the optimization and selection of silica bricks for the PW in an HRCO.
Enhancing Wear Resistance in Functionally Graded Metallic Components: Insights from Nanoindentation and Mechanical Analysis
Authors: Furukimi Osamu , Kabasawa Hitoshi , Yamamoto Masayuki , Protasius Roonie , Tanaka Masaki
Published: March 2024

To manufacture metallic components with high wear resistance, treatments such as nitriding and carburising followed by quenching and tempering (NQT and CQT, respectively) are applied to various types of steel to increase the hardness (H) of the friction surface. However, the wear mechanism of the resulting functionally graded materials has not been fully understood. In this study, specimens of industrial 99.82% pure iron treated with NQT at 913 and 1033 K, and CQT at 1203 K, as well as hot-rolled sheets without heat treatment were examined by performing nanoindentation tests to measure changes in their H, reduced Young’s moduli (Er), elastic deformation energies (We), and plastic deformation energies (Wp) along the depth direction. The relationship between Wp/We and the elastic strain resistance (H/Er) can be expressed for all specimens via the equation Wp/We = −1.0 + 0.16 (H/Er)−1. Furthermore, the obtained H/Er av measured at 5 µm intervals based on the specimen profile and wear volume has a good correlation depending to the sliding distance, as confirmed by the results of the ring-on-plate sliding tests conducted for the carbon-treated, nitrogen-treated, and hot-rolled specimens. This study provides a new approach, using H/Er parameters to identify the dominant factors affecting wear resistance at the initial stage of wear that may contribute to the development of wear-resistant materials.
Mitigation of Gas Porosity in Additive Manufacturing Using Experimental Data Analysis and Mechanistic Modeling
Authors: Sinha Satyaki , Mukherjee Tuhin
Published: March 2024

Shielding gas, metal vapors, and gases trapped inside powders during atomization can result in gas porosity, which is known to degrade the fatigue strength and tensile properties of components made by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. Post-processing and trial-and-error adjustment of processing conditions to reduce porosity are time-consuming and expensive. Here, we combined mechanistic modeling and experimental data analysis and proposed an easy-to-use, verifiable, dimensionless gas porosity index to mitigate pore formation. The results from the mechanistic model were rigorously tested against independent experimental data. It was found that the index can accurately predict the occurrence of porosity for commonly used alloys, including stainless steel 316, Ti-6Al-4V, Inconel 718, and AlSi10Mg, with an accuracy of 92%. In addition, experimental data showed that the amount of pores increased at a higher value of the index. Among the four alloys, AlSi10Mg was found to be the most susceptible to gas porosity, for which the value of the gas porosity index can be 5 to 10 times higher than those for the other alloys. Based on the results, a gas porosity map was constructed that can be used in practice for selecting appropriate sets of process variables to mitigate gas porosity without the need for empirical testing.
The Separation Behavior of TiB2 during Cl2-Free Degassing Treatment of 5083 Aluminum Melt
Authors: Li Cong , Gökelma Mertol , Stets Wolfram , Friedrich Bernd
Published: March 2024

Utilizing titanium diboride (TiB2) inoculation for grain-refining purposes is a widely established practice in aluminum casthouses and foundries. Since this inoculation is usually implemented jointly with or between routine melt treatment steps ahead of casting, it is important to know whether and how other melt treatment processes affect the fade of TiB2 particles. For the present study, we investigated the influence of degassing process on the separation behavior of TiB2 particles in aluminum melt. Multiple sampling methods were employed and the samples were analyzed via spectrometer analysis. The removal efficiency of TiB2 during the gas-purging process of 5083 aluminum melt was confirmed to be significant over 10 min of treatment time. The rate at which the TiB2 content decays was found to increase with the impeller rotary speed from 400 rounds per minute (rpm) to 700 rpm. The separation rate of TiB2 particles was obtained to be 0.05–0.08 min−1 by fitting the experimental data. Particle mapping results suggest that the TiB2 particles were separated to a dross layer. The obtained experimental results were used to quantitatively evaluate the conventional deterministic flotation model. The deviation between the conventional model and the experimental data was explained through the entrainment–entrapment (EE) model. Suggestions were made for future analytical and experimental works which may validate the EE model.
Short Working Memory Impairment Associated with Hippocampal Microglia Activation in Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: El-Mansoury Bilal , Smimih Kamal , El Khiat Abdelaati , Draoui Ahmed , Aimrane Abdelmohcine , Chatoui Redouane , Ferssiwi Abdesslam , Bitar Abdelali , Gamrani Halima , Jayakumar Arumugam R. , El Hiba Omar
Published: March 2024

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a major neuropsychological condition that occursas a result of impaired liver function. It is frequently observed in patients with advanced liver disease or cirrhosis. Memory impairment is among the symptoms of HE; the pathophysiologic mechanism for this enervating condition remains unclear. However, it is possible that neuroinflammation may be involved, as recent studies have emphasized such phenomena. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to assess short working memory (SWM) and examine the involvement of microglia in a chronic model of HE. The study was carried out with male Wistar rats that were induced by repeated thioacetamide (TAA) administration (100 mg/kg i.p injection for 10 days). SWM function was assessed through Y-maze, T-Maze, and novel object recognition (NOR) tests, together with an immunofluorescence study of microglia activation within the hippocampal areas. Our data showed impaired SWM in TAA-treated rats that was associated with microglial activation in the three hippocampal regions, and which contributed to cognitive impairment.
Blue Biotechnology: Marine Bacteria Bioproducts
Authors: Maldonado-Ruiz Karina , Pedroza-Islas Ruth , Pedraza-Segura Lorena
Published: March 2024

The ocean is the habitat of a great number of organisms with different characteristics. Compared to terrestrial microorganisms, marine microorganisms also represent a vast and largely unexplored reservoir of bioactive compounds with diverse industrial applications like terrestrial microorganisms. This review examines the properties and potential applications of products derived from marine microorganisms, including bacteriocins, enzymes, exopolysaccharides, and pigments, juxtaposing them in some cases against their terrestrial counterparts. We discuss the distinct characteristics that set marine-derived products apart, including enhanced stability and unique structural features such as the amount of uronic acid and sulfate groups in exopolysaccharides. Further, we explore the uses of these marine-derived compounds across various industries, ranging from food and pharmaceuticals to cosmetics and biotechnology. This review also presents a broad description of biotechnologically important compounds produced by bacteria isolated from marine environments, some of them with different qualities compared to their terrestrial counterparts.
Transport Model of Rare Earth Elements in Weathering Crusts during Electrokinetic Mining
Authors: Wang Gaofeng , Ling Bowen , Liang Xiaoliang , Xu Jie , Kang Shichang , Wei Jingming , Tan Wei , Zhu Runliang , Zhu Jianxi , He Hongping
Published: March 2024

Electrokinetic mining (EKM) is a novel method for rare earth element (REE) mining that can achieve green and efficient recovery of REEs. However, as yet, there is no accurate model for describing the electrokinetic transport of REEs in weathering crusts, and this hinders the wider application of EKM. The conventional model fails to capture the microscale transport physics occurring in the nanochannels that exist ubiquitously in weathering crusts. Consequently, the existing models cannot distinguish the mobilities of different REEs. Here, we report a new model for a more faithful description of the electrokinetic transport of REEs in weathering crusts that considers the ionic size, which has previously been neglected. We reveal that the electrokinetic transport of heavy REEs (HREEs) is faster than that of light REEs (LREEs) in weathering crusts, which is contrary to the predictions of conventional models. Our model was validated experimentally by measurements of the electrokinetic transport of two LREEs (La and Sm) and an HREE (Er) in weathering crusts. The speed of electrokinetic transport follows the order Er > Sm > La. Our findings suggest that the ionic size is a non-negligible factor affecting the electrokinetic transport of REEs in weathering crusts containing nanochannels. This work offers a constitutive model to describe the electrokinetic transport of REEs in weathering crusts, which promotes both theoretical developments and practical applications of EKM.
A Content Analysis of Online Messages about Sugar-Sweetened Beverages
Authors: Li Yingke , Shen Lijiang , Dillard James Price , Li Shu (Scott)
Published: March 2024

Media campaigns can reduce or promote the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Brief, US-based English-language online messages were gathered from searchable media platforms, a process that yielded 112 anti-SSB videos and 29 pro-SSB commercials. Using a combination of inductive and deductive methods, a content analysis of those messages was conducted to identify their properties. They were coded for the direction (pro vs. anti), target of the advocacy (e.g., consumption vs. policy), actor demographics (gender, age, and ethnicity), persuasive theme (e.g., excessive sugar, nurturing), and message sensation value. Anti-SSB appeals primarily targeted individual-level consumption behavior. They utilized six persuasive themes and often included more than one theme in a single message. Pro-SSB messages used feel-good themes and utilized only one theme per message. The proportions of adults, adolescents, and children differed by the direction of the advocacy. Black, Hispanic, and Asian actors were under-represented in the anti-SSB sample relative to Whites. Pro-SSB appeals were slightly higher than anti-SSB appeals in message sensation value (p = 0.09). The findings illuminate the message features that characterize the universe of brief anti-SSB appeals available online, highlight messaging disparities, and reveal the absence of certain common, effective persuasive themes.
Early Modern Imperial Philologies: Ahmad al-Hajarî and the Lead Books of Granada
Authors: Zhiri Oumelbanine
Published: March 2024

The Morisco polymath Ahmad ibn Qâsim al-Hajarî (c.1569–c.1640) was a diplomat, writer and translator. His engagement with philology, i.e., the edition, annotation and translation of texts, especially the Lead Books of Granada, is an important part of his work. This article examines his philological practices and how he deployed them in order to defend Islam and Islamic powers, and to counter the hegemonic claims of the Spanish Catholic Empire.
Influences of Climate Variability on Land Use and Land Cover Change in Rural South Africa
Authors: Mogonong Buster Percy , Twine Wayne , Feig Gregor Timothy , Van der Merwe Helga , Fisher Jolene T.
Published: March 2024

Changes in land use and land cover over space and time are an indication of biophysical, socio-economic, and political dynamics. In rural communities, land-based livelihood strategies such as agriculture are crucial for sustaining livelihoods in terms of food provision and as a source of local employment and income. In recent years, African studies have documented an overall decline in the extent of small-scale crop farming, with many crop fields left abandoned. This study uses rural areas in three former apartheid homelands in South Africa as a case study to quantify patterns and trends in the overall land cover change and small-scale agricultural lands related to changes in climate over a 38-year period. Random forest classification was applied on the Landsat imagery to detect land use and land cover change, achieving an overall accuracy of above 80%. Rainfall and temperature anomalies, as well as the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) were used as climate proxies to assess the influence of climate variability on crop farming, as the systems investigated rely completely on rainfall. Agricultural land declined from 107.5 km2 to 49.5 km2 in Umhlabuyalingana; 54 km2 to 1.6 km2 in Joe Morolong; and 254.6 km2 to 7.4 km2 in Mangaung between 1984 and 2022. Declines in cropland cover, precipitation, and the SPEI were highly correlated. We argue that climatic variability influences crop farming activities; however, this could be one factor in a suite of drivers that interact together to influence the cropping practices in rural areas.
Impact of Traffic Flow Rate on the Accuracy of Short-Term Prediction of Origin-Destination Matrix in Urban Transportation Networks
Authors: Żochowska Renata , Pamuła Teresa
Published: March 2024

Information about spatial distribution (OD flows) is a key element in traffic management systems in urban transport networks that enables efficient traffic control and decisions to redirect traffic to less congested sections of the network in emergencies. With the development of modern techniques of remote sensing, more and more advanced methods are used to measure traffic and determine OD flows. However, they may produce results with different levels of errors caused by various factors. The article examines the impact of traffic volume and its variability on the error values of short-term prediction of the OD matrix in the urban network. The OD flows were determined using a deep learning network based on data obtained from video remote sensing devices. These data were recorded at earlier intervals concerning the forecasting time. The extent to which there is a correlation between the size of OD flows and the prediction error was examined. The most frequently used measure of prediction accuracy, i.e., MAPE (mean absolute percentage error), was considered. The analysis carried out made it possible to determine the ranges of traffic flow rate for which the MAPE stabilizes at the level of approximately 6%. A set of video remote sensing devices was used to collect spatiotemporal data. They were located at the entrances and exits from the study area on important roads of a medium-sized city in Poland. The conclusions obtained may be helpful in further research on improving methods to determine OD matrices and estimate their reliability. This, in turn, involves the development of more precise methods that allow for reliable traffic forecasting and improve the efficiency of traffic management in urban areas.
Random Forest Classifier for Cloud Clearing of the Operational TROPOMI XCH4 Product
Authors: Borsdorff Tobias , Martinez-Velarte Mari C. , Sneep Maarten , ter Linden Mark , Landgraf Jochen
Published: March 2024

The TROPOMI XCH4 data product requires rigorous cloud filtering to achieve a product accuracy of <1%. To this end, operational XCH4 data processing has been based on SUOMI-NPP VIIRS cloud observations. However, SUOMI-NPP is nearing the end of its operational life and has encountered malfunctions in 2022 and 2023. In this study, we introduce a novel machine learning cloud-clearing approach based on a random forest classifier (RFC). The RFC is trained on collocated TROPOMI and SUOMI-NPP VIIRS data to emulate VIIRS-like cloud clearing. After training, cloud masking requires only TROPOMI data, and so becomes operationally independent of SUOMI-NPP. We demonstrate the RFC approach by applying cloud clearing to operational TROPOMI XCH4 data for August 2022, a period in which VIIRS was not operational. For validation, we analyze the TROPOMI XCH4 data at 12 TCCON stations. Comparison of cloud clearing using the RFC and the original VIIRS method reveals excellent agreement with a similar station-to-station bias (−7.4 ppb versus −5.6 ppb), a similar standard deviation of the station-to-station bias (11.6 ppb versus 12 ppb), and the same Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.9. Remarkably, the RFC cloud clearing provides a slightly higher volume of data (2182 versus 2035 daily means) and appears to have fewer outliers. Since 21 November 2023, the RFC approach is part of the operational processing chain of the European Space Agency (ESA). For now, the default practice is to utilize SNPP-VIIRS when accessible. Only in cases where VIIRS data are unavailable do we resort to the RFC cloud mask.
Sensor-Based Quantitative Assessment of Children’s Fine Motor Competence: An Instrumented Version of the Placing Bricks Test
Authors: Bisi Maria Cristina , Stagni Rita
Published: March 2024

The assessment of fine motor competence plays a pivotal role in neuropsychological examinations for the identification of developmental deficits. Several tests have been proposed for the characterization of fine motor competence, with evaluation metrics primarily based on qualitative observation, limiting quantitative assessment to measures such as test durations. The Placing Bricks (PB) test evaluates fine motor competence across the lifespan, relying on the measurement of time to completion. The present study aims at instrumenting the PB test using wearable inertial sensors to complement PB standard assessment with reliable and objective process-oriented measures of performance. Fifty-four primary school children (27 6-year-olds and 27 7-year-olds) performed the PB according to standard protocol with their dominant and non-dominant hands, while wearing two tri-axial inertial sensors, one per wrist. An ad hoc algorithm based on the analysis of forearm angular velocity data was developed to automatically identify task events, and to quantify phases and their variability. The algorithm performance was tested against video recordings in data from five children. Cycle and Placing durations showed a strong agreement between IMU- and Video-derived measurements, with a mean difference <0.1 s, 95% confidence intervals <50% median phase duration, and very high positive correlation (ρ > 0.9). Analyzing the whole population, significant differences were found for age, as follows: six-year-olds exhibited longer cycle durations and higher variability, indicating a stage of development and potential differences in hand dominance; seven-year-olds demonstrated quicker and less variable performance, aligning with the expected maturation and the refined motor control associated with dominant hand training during the first year of school. The proposed sensor-based approach allowed the quantitative assessment of fine motor competence in children, providing a portable and rapid tool for monitoring developmental progress.
SEB-YOLO: An Improved YOLOv5 Model for Remote Sensing Small Target Detection
Authors: Hui Yan , You Shijie , Hu Xiuhua , Yang Panpan , Zhao Jing
Published: March 2024

Due to the limited semantic information extraction with small objects and difficulty in distinguishing similar targets, it brings great challenges to target detection in remote sensing scenarios, which results in poor detection performance. This paper proposes an improved YOLOv5 remote sensing image target detection algorithm, SEB-YOLO (SPD-Conv + ECSPP + Bi-FPN + YOLOv5). Firstly, the space-to-depth (SPD) layer followed by a non-strided convolution (Conv) layer module (SPD-Conv) was used to reconstruct the backbone network, which retained the global features and reduced the feature loss. Meanwhile, the pooling module with the attention mechanism of the final layer of the backbone network was designed to help the network better identify and locate the target. Furthermore, a bidirectional feature pyramid network (Bi-FPN) with bilinear interpolation upsampling was added to improve bidirectional cross-scale connection and weighted feature fusion. Finally, the decoupled head is introduced to enhance the model convergence and solve the contradiction between the classification task and the regression task. Experimental results on NWPU VHR-10 and RSOD datasets show that the mAP of the proposed algorithm reaches 93.5% and 93.9%respectively, which is 4.0% and 5.3% higher than that of the original YOLOv5l algorithm. The proposed algorithm achieves better detection results for complex remote sensing images.
Biophilic Experience in High-Rise Residential Areas in China: Factor Structure and Validity of a Scale
Authors: Yue Miao , Zhang Xinshuo , Zhang Junjie
Published: March 2024

The increasing popularity of high-rise, high-density residential areas in urban environments has brought about problems such as isolation from nature and increasingly depauperate ecological conditions, and consequently, adverse effects on residents’ health and environmental sustainability. Therefore, creating a high-quality biophilic living space environment is key to solving this conflict, considering the health benefits that nature brings to people. However, there are currently no appropriate assessment tools to measure the biophilic living environment of high-rise residential areas. In response, we have developed an environment assessment scale for measuring the Biophilic Experience in High-Rise Residential Areas (BornA) based on resident experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to identify the measurement items relevant to their biophilic living experiences and behaviors. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to identify the scale’s structure and examine its reliability and validity. The study resulted in the development of an 18-item BornA, comprising five dimensions: natural landscape, natural interaction, cultural identity, neighborhood interaction, and personal space. The BornA contributes to the assessment of the biophilic living space environment in high-rise residential areas from the perspective of resident behavior and perception, identifying health intervention environments for sample populations and understanding how the residential environment affects residents’ health.
A Review and Analysis of Rangeland and Wildland Soil Health
Authors: Williams Stephen E.
Published: March 2024

Soil health is focused on intensively managed (IM) soils (often farmed soils), by-passing extensively managed (EM) soils (range lands, deserts, shrub lands, tundra). High economic value products are generated by IM systems. Many EM lands are of cultural, recreational, scenic, or scientific value. However, and despite the fact that they provide forage for domestic and wild animals, they are not always of high economic value. IM and EM soils are evaluated on the same health scales. The contention herein is all soils formed under soil state conditions under the absence of human interventions are inherently healthy. But a given soil has dynamic properties that determine its management as IM or EM. An EM sagebrush steppe soil may be deemed unhealthy as a result of low organic matter and short growing season. An IM grassland steppe soil is healthy as a result of high organic matter and a long growing season. The sagebrush soil, however, provides habitat for culturally important sage grouse. The grassland soil may provide, when plowed, habitat for economically important soybeans. Soil taxonomies can be used to establish inherent health of undisturbed soils. Determining a soil’s dynamic nature is a different construct. Here, four different sets of EM soils were evaluated to showcase their diversity, evaluate levels of health and display their often-unconventional dynamic characteristics. An argument is made that a soil’s health, an inherent condition, is not the same as its dynamic condition (potential to produce goods and services). Soil health changes are usually slowly driven by soil state factors but can be dramatically changed by humans. Otherwise, soil health can be viewed as a near constant ecosystem attribute. The dynamic nature of soils change according to needs placed by humans. EM soils may be healthy but lack attention since their dynamic nature is not traditional and often of low economic value. Evaluation of soil health and dynamic value on EM lands is often exacerbated by information absence. Strategies to circumvent this include sampling design, reference sites and standardized ways of EM soil health determination. A case is made that baselines of soil health can be taken from soil surveys, taxonomic names, and soil data from map units, where such information exists. Certified supplementary information is ambiguously available, but may be crucial. Outdoor living laboratories that feature inherent soil health and dynamic soil alternatives may help circumvent information voids.
Femtoscopy for the NAno-Plasmonic Laser Inertial Fusion Experiments (NAPLIFE) Project
Authors: Csernai L. P. , Csörgő T. , Papp I. , Tamosiunas K. , Csete M. , Szenes A. , Vass D. , Biró T. S. , Kroó N.
Published: March 2024

Hanbury-Brown and Twiss analysis is used to determine the size and timespan of emitted particles. Here, we propose to adapt this method for laser-induced nanoplasmonic inertial confinement fusion to determine the parameters of emitted Deuterium and Helium4 nuclei. This communication is a short article that presents part of a larger study over multiple years. It presents a cutting edge method that is new in the field of Inertial Confinement Fusion.
Generative artificial intelligence in the electoral processes of 2024 in the world: disinformation campaigns and online trolls
Authors:   Depar tment Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation,, Ustinovich Elena Stepanovna
Published: March 2024

The article conducts research and presents some conclusions about the role of generative artificial intelligence in electoral processes. Most of the election campaigns of the heads of state and parliament of the countries of the world involve the use of modern information and communication, digital technologies and artificial intelligence technologies. The use of artificial intelligence in an election campaign can help improve the efficiency and effectiveness of a campaign, but it can also lead to misinformation of the public. Today, destructive attempts to influence people, societies and entire states are no longer new challenges on the Internet, in connection with which outright lies, political propaganda, incitement to hatred, manipulative technologies are firmly rooted in the Internet space and the latest technologies are actively used for this. The use of bots, or automated social media accounts, has greatly facilitated the dissemination of deliberately false information, as well as false rumors and other types of misinformation. However, the bots used earlier in the elections often produced poorly constructed, grammatically incorrect sentences. Now that the creation of large language models (artificial intelligence systems that create text) is becoming more accessible to more people, some researchers fear that automated social media accounts will soon become much more convincing. Disinformation campaigns and online trolls will increasingly use generative AI to spread false information about elections. Thus, new technologies can cause some harm to the social security of society.
FORMATION OF INTERCULTURAL HUMANISTIC COMMUNICATION IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors:   North Ossetian State University Named After K.L. Khetagurov, ABAEVA F.B.
Published: March 2024

The article presents the issues of forming students’ skills for intercultural humanistic communication in the process of teaching a foreign language as an important structural component of their future professional competence. Theformation of the ability for intercultural humanistic communication in the classroom in a foreign language allows students -future specialists to enrich their knowledge in the field of cultural characteristics, traditions, etiquette, customs of representatives of the country of the language being studied; be aware of and accept their linguistic and cultural differences, etc.
LEARNING AND USING FOREIGN LANGUAGES BY MIKHAIL VASILYEVICH LOMONOSOV
Authors:   State Marine Technical University of St.Petersburg, IONCHENKOVA YA.YU. , PANTELEEVA E.V. ,   State Marine Technical University of St.Petersburg, CHEPEL A.I. ,   State Marine Technical University of St.Petersburg
Published: March 2024

The article tells about the history of Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov’s acquaintance with foreign languages. The authors systematize the material on this topic; analyze the features of the study and application offoreign languages by M.V. Lomonosov. It is concluded that M.V. Lomonosov actively used foreign languages in his scientific and social activities. Russian Russian, however, was his main task in thefield of linguistics related to the development of the Russian language. M.V. Lomonosov sought to ensure that the Russian language entered the world science on equal rights.
PROFESSIONAL AND COMMUNICATIVE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRAINING TO UNIVERSITY STUDENTS FOR WORK IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
Authors:   Orel State University, BORISOVA L.E. , RUMYANTSEVA E.N. ,   Orel State University
Published: March 2024

The article examines the importance of professional and communicative teaching of a foreign language to students who will work in the tourism industry. The main emphasis is given to the analysis of theoretical and practical aspects. There can be seen a review of some communicative competencies of trained employees in the sphere of tourism and proper definition of intercultural communication. Moreover, teaching methods aimed at developing and activating speech skills and skills for successful mastery of foreign lexical and grammatical peculiarities in the direction of “Tourism” are accurately described.
MONITORING THE ATTITUDE OF SCHOOLCHILDREN TO A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND THE ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH-SAVING ACTIVITIES
Authors:   Orel State Agrarian University of N.V. Parakhin, DOGADINA M.A. , TYAPKINA A.P. ,   Orel State University, PRAVDYUK A.I. ,   Orel State University
Published: March 2024

The article presents the research conducted to identify the attitude of schoolchildren to a healthy lifestyle, the analysis of the depth of their knowledge regarding this concept and the use in practice of the basic dogmas of healthy lifestyle. A comparative analysis of the knowledge of the concept of a healthy lifestyle in the urban and rural ecosystem of the school is carried out. Anonymous questioning of students on specific diverse issues related to the creation of conditions at the school level, locality, state for a healthy lifestyle, as well as the preservation and enhancement of the health of schoolchildren allowed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the promotion of healthy lifestyle, in turn, expanded the understanding of young people about the possibilities of a competent and competent approach to these issues. The purpose of the study has been achieved, which makes it possible for future more detailed study of this issue, the development of the concept ofpromoting a healthy lifestyle. Respondents of the city school pay great attention to sports, compliance with the principles of proper nutrition, and are distinguished by the absence of bad habits. Rural schoolchildren consider the hardening of the body, spot training to be a priority in maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and highlight the special role of proper nutrition in maintaining health. A high degree of satisfaction of young people in the organization of sports complexes, their accessibility, including for people with disabilities, was revealed. In their opinion, state support for all areas of healthy lifestyle and social networks as the main tool for knowledge of this issue should be crucial in the promotion of healthy lifestyle. All respondents see the huge role of psycho-emotional, spiritual, social and political aspects of influencing human health.
FORMATION OF PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL QUALITIES OF FUTURE BACHELORS OF DESIGN IN THE PROCESS OF UNIVERSITY TRAINING
Authors:   Orel State University, KOVESHNIKOVA E.N. , KOVESHNIKOV P.A. ,   Orel State Agrarian University
Published: March 2024

The creative activity of a designer is a decisive sign that determines his professional orientation. In this regard, the subjective predisposition of a person to the profession of a designer is considered. The conditions for the development of the personality of future bachelors of design and the manifestation of his creative qualities are formed. The article considers the technologies of teaching with an emphasis on the cycle of artistic disciplines.
THE PLACE OF THE OREL MEN'S GYMNASIUM IN THE PROVINCIAL SECONDARY EDUCATION SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE
Authors:   Orel State University, KAZAKOVA O.YU.
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to determining the place of the Orel man’s gymnasium in the secondary education system of the Russian Empire as a typical provincial educational institution based on multidimensional statistical and discursive analysis.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ADDITIONAL PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN THE SYSTEM OF MULTI-LEVEL TRAINING OF FUTURE LIGHT INDUSTRY SPECIALISTS
Authors:   St.-Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, LEONOV S.A.
Published: March 2024

The current pace of changes in socio-economic systems leads to a rethinking of the principles of personnel training for various industries. Of particular importance in the conditions of increasing geopolitical tension is the training of personnel of various qualifications for strategically important industries for Russia. Among such industries, there is no doubt that light industry should be attributed. The article touches upon the importance of additional education programs in the implementation of multi-level training of light industry specialists. The possibilities of additional training go beyond the formation of narrowly focused knowledge and specific competencies among students, the main function of additional education programs is to expand the basic educational program and improve the quality of training offuture specialists. The implementation of additional education programs meets the interests of both potential employers, students - consumers of educational services, and educational organizations that cooperate with representatives of the regional labor market. The content of the article defines the features of light industry enterprises, as well as the requirements of the labor market for future industry specialists. The author defines and specifies the updated functions of additional vocational education programs in the system of multilevel training of qualified and competitive personnel for light industry.
PRACTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR APPLYING DIGITAL LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES IN TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION
Authors:   Orel State University, LYSAK O.G. , KUZNETSOVA L.A. ,   Orel State University, PRAVDYUK V.N. ,   Institute of Educational Development
Published: March 2024

The article raises questions related to the introduction of digital technologies in the educational process. Digitalization in education leads to the achievement of qualitatively new educational results, increasing their effectiveness. In this regard, the rapid development of the digital infrastructure of educational institutions entails changes in the training of teaching staff with modern digital competencies. The teacher must keep up with the times, be able not only to skillfully use gadgets and modern technologies, but also have the skills to create educational content. This article lists some digital technologies that a teacher should own. It also describes practical techniques for creating and using digital technologies in technology education. Directions for further development in the field of AR and VR content in relation to technology education are proposed.
FORMATION OF MATHEMATICAL LITERACY THROUGH INTERACTIVE CONTEXTUAL TASKS FOR THE USE OF MONOFUNCTIONAL CALCULATORS
Authors:   Moscow Center for Education Quality, SHABANOVA M.V. , SHUTROVA I.V. ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M.V. Lomonosov
Published: March 2024

The formation of mathematical literacy in the basic school mathematics course is one of the priority goals of the modern education system. The consolidation of this task in the new edition of the federal state educational standards requires a revision of methodological approaches to the mathematical training of students. The inclusion of interactive contextual tasks in the PISA 2022 methodology draws the attention of the pedagogical community to the importance of the formation of skills for the competent use of online resources, which include monofunctional calculators. This article is devoted to the issue of solving this educational problem. The authors reveal the content and general meaning of the concept of «monofunctional calculator», formulate the goals and objectives of teaching schoolchildren to use calculators of this type, reveal the methodological features of designing contextual tasks for the use of monofunctional calculators and present a methodology for working with them.
BIOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT CARBOHYDRATES AND LIPIDS METABOLISM OF THE STUDENTS” AS PART OF THE LABORATORY PRACTICUM IN BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
Authors:   Orel State University, YAROVATAYA M.A. , TSYGANOV V.S. ,   Orel State University
Published: March 2024

The purpose of higher medical education is to train qualified personnel. Biological chemistry is the medical and biological subject that forms the general professional competencies for the medical students that are necessary for further professional activity. Laboratory works is an integral part of the discipline program. Performing the laboratory practicum, students together with a teacher are involved in creative research activities directly related to their future profession. In a dynamically developing world, it is impossible to overestimate the importance of proper nutrition for the physical and mental health of the younger generation. This article is devoted to the biochemical assessment of carbohydrates and lipids metabolism of the students in order to identify and analyze an eating disorder or metabolic imbalance.