bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk and mortality of testicular cancer in patients with neurodevelopmental or other psychiatric disorders
Authors: Jansson Anna K. , Söderling Jonas , Reutfors Johan , Thor Anna , Sköld Camilla , Cohn-Cedermark Gabriella , Ståhl Olof , Smedby Karin E. , Pettersson Andreas , Glimelius Ingrid
Published: April 2023

Background

Both testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) and neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with urogenital malformations. Few studies have investigated the association between psychiatric disorders and TGCT. We investigated whether history of any psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorder is associated with increased risk or mortality of TGCT.

Method

This is a nested case–control study including 6166 TGCT patients diagnosed during 1992–2014, individually matched for age and calendar period to 61,660 controls. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for the association between type of psychiatric diagnoses and TGCT risk. Among the cases, we used a cohort design and calculated hazard ratios (HRs) of the association between psychiatric diagnose and all-cause and TGCT-specific death.

Results

History of a neurodevelopmental disorder (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disabilities) was associated with an increased risk of seminoma (OR: 1.54; 1.09–2.19). Seminoma patients with neurodevelopmental disorders were younger (34 versus 38 years, p = 0.004) and had more stage IV disease (5.4% versus 1.2%) than those without. Psychiatric history overall was not associated with TGCT. Patient history of any psychiatric disorder was associated with an increased all-cause and TGCT-specific death.

Conclusions

We report an association between neurodevelopmental disorders and testicular seminoma, and an increased TGCT-specific mortality for TGCT patients with psychiatric disorders.
Butyrate dictates ferroptosis sensitivity through FFAR2-mTOR signaling
Authors: Wang GuoYan , Qin SenLin , Chen Lei , Geng HuiJun , Zheng YiNing , Xia Chao , Yao JunHu , Deng Lu
Published: April 2023

Evidence shows that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play an important role in health maintenance and disease development. In particular, butyrate is known to induce apoptosis and autophagy. However, it remains largely unclear whether butyrate can regulate cell ferroptosis, and the mechanism by which has not been studied. In this study, we found that RAS-selective lethal compound 3 (RSL3)- and erastin-induced cell ferroptosis were enhanced by sodium butyrate (NaB). With regard to the underlying mechanism, our results showed that NaB promoted ferroptosis by inducing lipid ROS production via downregulating the expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Moreover, the FFAR2-AKT-NRF2 axis and FFAR2-mTORC1 axis accounts for the NaB-mediated downregulation of SLC7A11 and GPX4, respectively, in a cAMP-PKA-dependent manner. Functionally, we found that NaB can inhibit tumor growth and the inhibitory effect could be eliminated by administrating MHY1485 (mTORC1 activator) and Ferr-1 (ferroptosis inhibitor). Altogether, in vivo results suggest that NaB treatment is correlated to the mTOR-dependent ferroptosis and consequent tumor growth through xenografts and colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis, implicating the potential clinical applications of NaB for future colorectal cancer treatments. Based on all these findings, we have proposed a regulatory mechanism via which butyrate inhibits the mTOR pathway to control ferroptosis and consequent tumorigenesis.
The critical role of apoptosis in mesenchymal stromal cell therapeutics and implications in homeostasis and normal tissue repair
Authors: Giacomini Chiara , Granéli Cecilia , Hicks Ryan , Dazzi Francesco
Published: April 2023

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively tested for the treatment of numerous clinical conditions and have demonstrated good safety but mixed efficacy. Although this outcome can be attributed in part to the heterogeneity of cell preparations, the lack of mechanistic understanding and tools to establish cell pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as the poorly defined criteria for patient stratification, have hampered the design of informative clinical trials. We and others have demonstrated that MSCs can rapidly undergo apoptosis after their infusion. Apoptotic MSCs are phagocytosed by monocytes/macrophages that are then reprogrammed to become anti-inflammatory cells. MSC apoptosis occurs when the cells are injected into patients who harbor activated cytotoxic T or NK cells. Therefore, the activation state of cytotoxic T or NK cells can be used as a biomarker to predict clinical responses to MSC treatment. Building on a large body of preexisting data, an alternative view on the mechanism of MSCs is that an inflammation-dependent MSC secretome is largely responsible for their immunomodulatory activity. We will discuss how these different mechanisms can coexist and are instructed by two different types of MSC “licensing”: one that is cell-contact dependent and the second that is mediated by inflammatory cytokines. The varied and complex mechanisms by which MSCs can orchestrate inflammatory responses and how this function is specifically driven by inflammation support a physiological role for tissue stroma in tissue homeostasis, and it acts as a sensor of damage and initiator of tissue repair by reprogramming the inflammatory environment.
Incorporating human dimensions is associated with better wildlife translocation outcomes
Authors: Serota Mitchell W. , Barker Kristin J. , Gigliotti Laura C. , Maher Samantha M. L. , Shawler Avery L. , Zuckerman Gabriel R. , Xu Wenjing , Verta Guadalupe , Templin Elizabeth , Andreozzi Chelsea L. , Middleton Arthur D.
Published: April 2023

Wildlife translocations are increasingly used to combat declining biodiversity worldwide. Successful translocation often hinges on coexistence between humans and wildlife, yet not all translocation efforts explicitly include human dimensions (e.g., economic incentives, education programs, and conflict reduction assistance). To evaluate the prevalence and associated outcomes of including human dimensions as objectives when planning translocations, we analyze 305 case studies from the IUCN’s Global Re-Introduction Perspectives Series. We find that fewer than half of all projects included human dimension objectives (42%), but that projects including human dimension objectives were associated with improved wildlife population outcomes (i.e., higher probability of survival, reproduction, or population growth). Translocation efforts were more likely to include human dimension objectives if they involved mammals, species with a history of local human conflict, and local stakeholders. Our findings underscore the importance of incorporating objectives related to human dimensions in translocation planning efforts to improve conservation success.
Individually addressable and spectrally programmable artificial atoms in silicon photonics
Authors: Prabhu Mihika , Errando-Herranz Carlos , De Santis Lorenzo , Christen Ian , Chen Changchen , Gerlach Connor , Englund Dirk
Published: April 2023

A central goal for quantum technologies is to develop platforms for precise and scalable control of individually addressable artificial atoms with efficient optical interfaces. Color centers in silicon, such as the recently-isolated carbon-related G-center, exhibit emission directly into the telecommunications O-band and can leverage the maturity of silicon-on-insulator photonics. We demonstrate the generation, individual addressing, and spectral trimming of G-center artificial atoms in a silicon-on-insulator photonic integrated circuit platform. Focusing on the neutral charge state emission at 1278 nm, we observe waveguide-coupled single photon emission with narrow inhomogeneous distribution with standard deviation of 1.1 nm, excited state lifetime of 8.3 ± 0.7 ns, and no degradation after over a month of operation. In addition, we introduce a technique for optical trimming of spectral transitions up to 300 pm (55 GHz) and local deactivation of single artificial atoms. This non-volatile spectral programming enables alignment of quantum emitters into 25 GHz telecommunication grid channels. Our demonstration opens the path to quantum information processing based on implantable artificial atoms in very large scale integrated photonics.
Phosphate availability and implications for life on ocean worlds
Authors: Randolph-Flagg Noah G. , Ely Tucker , Som Sanjoy M. , Shock Everett L. , German Christopher R. , Hoehler Tori M.
Published: April 2023

Several moons in the outer solar system host liquid water oceans. A key next step in assessing the habitability of these ocean worlds is to determine whether life’s elemental and energy requirements are also met. Phosphorus is required by all known life and is often limited to biological productivity in Earth’s oceans. This raises the possibility that its availability may limit the abundance or productivity of Earth-like life on ocean worlds. To address this potential problem, here we calculate the equilibrium dissolved phosphate concentrations associated with the reaction of water and rocks—a key driver of ocean chemical evolution—across a broad range of compositional inputs and reaction conditions. Equilibrium dissolved phosphate concentrations range from 10−11 to 10−1 mol/kg across the full range of carbonaceous chondrite compositions and reaction conditions considered, but are generally > 10−5 mol/kg for most plausible scenarios. Relative to the phosphate requirements and uptake kinetics of microorganisms in Earth’s oceans, such concentrations would be sufficient to support initially rapid cell growth and construction of global ocean cell populations larger than those observed in Earth’s deep oceans.
Millisecond cryo-trapping by the spitrobot crystal plunger simplifies time-resolved crystallography
Authors: Mehrabi Pedram , Sung Sihyun , von Stetten David , Prester Andreas , Hatton Caitlin E. , Kleine-Döpke Stephan , Berkes Alexander , Gore Gargi , Leimkohl Jan-Philipp , Schikora Hendrik , Kollewe Martin , Rohde Holger , Wilmanns Matthias , Tellkamp Friedjof , Schulz Eike C.
Published: April 2023

We introduce the spitrobot, a protein crystal plunger, enabling reaction quenching via cryo-trapping with a time-resolution in the millisecond range. Protein crystals are mounted on canonical micromeshes on an electropneumatic piston, where the crystals are kept in a humidity and temperature-controlled environment, then reactions are initiated via the liquid application method (LAMA) and plunging into liquid nitrogen is initiated after an electronically set delay time to cryo-trap intermediate states. High-magnification images are automatically recorded before and after droplet deposition, prior to plunging. The SPINE-standard sample holder is directly plunged into a storage puck, enabling compatibility with high-throughput infrastructure. Here we demonstrate binding of glucose and 2,3-butanediol in microcrystals of xylose isomerase, and of avibactam and ampicillin in microcrystals of the extended spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-14. We also trap reaction intermediates and conformational changes in macroscopic crystals of tryptophan synthase to demonstrate that the spitrobot enables insight into catalytic events.
Low complexity domains of the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 form amyloid fibrils
Authors: Tayeb-Fligelman Einav , Bowler Jeannette T. , Tai Christen E. , Sawaya Michael R. , Jiang Yi Xiao , Garcia Gustavo , Griner Sarah L. , Cheng Xinyi , Salwinski Lukasz , Lutter Liisa , Seidler Paul M. , Lu Jiahui , Rosenberg Gregory M. , Hou Ke , Abskharon Romany , Pan Hope , Zee Chih-Te , Boyer David R. , Li Yan , Anderson Daniel H. , Murray Kevin A. , Falcon Genesis , Cascio Duilio , Saelices Lorena , Damoiseaux Robert , Arumugaswami Vaithilingaraja , Guo Feng , Eisenberg David S.
Published: April 2023

The self-assembly of the Nucleocapsid protein (NCAP) of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for its function. Computational analysis of the amino acid sequence of NCAP reveals low-complexity domains (LCDs) akin to LCDs in other proteins known to self-assemble as phase separation droplets and amyloid fibrils. Previous reports have described NCAP’s propensity to phase-separate. Here we show that the central LCD of NCAP is capable of both, phase separation and amyloid formation. Within this central LCD we identified three adhesive segments and determined the atomic structure of the fibrils formed by each. Those structures guided the design of G12, a peptide that interferes with the self-assembly of NCAP and demonstrates antiviral activity in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Our work, therefore, demonstrates the amyloid form of the central LCD of NCAP and suggests that amyloidogenic segments of NCAP could be targeted for drug development.
Immune cellular patterns of distribution affect outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Parra Edwin Roger , Zhang Jiexin , Jiang Mei , Tamegnon Auriole , Pandurengan Renganayaki Krishna , Behrens Carmen , Solis Luisa , Haymaker Cara , Heymach John Victor , Moran Cesar , Lee Jack J. , Gibbons Don , Wistuba Ignacio Ivan
Published: April 2023

Studying the cellular geographic distribution in non-small cell lung cancer is essential to understand the roles of cell populations in this type of tumor. In this study, we characterize the spatial cellular distribution of immune cell populations using 23 makers placed in five multiplex immunofluorescence panels and their associations with clinicopathologic variables and outcomes. Our results demonstrate two cellular distribution patterns—an unmixed pattern mostly related to immunoprotective cells and a mixed pattern mostly related to immunosuppressive cells. Distance analysis shows that T-cells expressing immune checkpoints are closer to malignant cells than other cells. Combining the cellular distribution patterns with cellular distances, we can identify four groups related to inflamed and not-inflamed tumors. Cellular distribution patterns and distance are associated with survival in univariate and multivariable analyses. Spatial distribution is a tool to better understand the tumor microenvironment, predict outcomes, and may can help select therapeutic interventions.
Isthmin-1 (Ism1) modulates renal branching morphogenesis and mesenchyme condensation during early kidney development
Authors: Gao Ge , Li Xiaoping , Jiang Zhixin , Osorio Liliana , Tang Ying Lam , Yu Xueqing , Jin Guoxiang , Zhou Zhongjun
Published: April 2023

The outgrowth of epithelial bud followed by reiterated bifurcations during renal development is driven by the ligand-receptor interactions between the epithelium and the surrounding mesenchyme. Here, by exploring ligand-receptor interactions in E10.5 and E11.5 kidneys by single cell RNA-seq, we find that Isthmin1 (Ism1), a secreted protein, resembles Gdnf expression and modulates kidney branching morphogenesis. Mice deficient for Ism1 exhibit defective ureteric bud bifurcation and impaired metanephric mesenchyme condensation in E11.5 embryos, attributable to the compromised Gdnf/Ret signaling, ultimately leading to renal agenesis and hypoplasia/dysplasia. By HRP-induced proximity labelling, we further identify integrin α8β1 as a receptor of Ism1 in E11.5 kidney and demonstrate that Ism1 promoted cell-cell adhesion through interacting with Integrin α8β1, the receptor whose activation is responsible for Gdnf expression and mesenchyme condensation. Taken together, our work reveals Ism1 as a critical regulator of cell-cell interaction that modulates Gdnf/Ret signaling during early kidney development.
Bone marrow endosteal stem cells dictate active osteogenesis and aggressive tumorigenesis
Authors: Matsushita Yuki , Liu Jialin , Chu Angel Ka Yan , Tsutsumi-Arai Chiaki , Nagata Mizuki , Arai Yuki , Ono Wanida , Yamamoto Kouhei , Saunders Thomas L. , Welch Joshua D. , Ono Noriaki
Published: April 2023

The bone marrow contains various populations of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in the stromal compartment, which are important regulators of bone formation. It is well-described that leptin receptor (LepR)+ perivascular stromal cells provide a major source of bone-forming osteoblasts in adult and aged bone marrow. However, the identity of SSCs in young bone marrow and how they coordinate active bone formation remains unclear. Here we show that bone marrow endosteal SSCs are defined by fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (Fgfr3) and osteoblast-chondrocyte transitional (OCT) identities with some characteristics of bone osteoblasts and chondrocytes. These Fgfr3-creER-marked endosteal stromal cells contribute to a stem cell fraction in young stages, which is later replaced by Lepr-cre-marked stromal cells in adult stages. Further, Fgfr3+ endosteal stromal cells give rise to aggressive osteosarcoma-like lesions upon loss of p53 tumor suppressor through unregulated self-renewal and aberrant osteogenic fates. Therefore, Fgfr3+ endosteal SSCs are abundant in young bone marrow and provide a robust source of osteoblasts, contributing to both normal and aberrant osteogenesis.
Phonon transition across an isotopic interface
Authors: Li Ning , Shi Ruochen , Li Yifei , Qi Ruishi , Liu Fachen , Zhang Xiaowen , Liu Zhetong , Li Yuehui , Guo Xiangdong , Liu Kaihui , Jiang Ying , Li Xin-Zheng , Chen Ji , Liu Lei , Wang En-Ge , Gao Peng
Published: April 2023

Isotopic mixtures result in distinct properties of materials such as thermal conductivity and nuclear process. However, the knowledge of isotopic interface remains largely unexplored mainly due to the challenges in atomic-scale isotopic identification. Here, using electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope, we reveal momentum-transfer-dependent phonon behavior at the h−10BN/h-11BN isotope heterostructure with sub-unit-cell resolution. We find the phonons’ energy changes gradually across the interface, featuring a wide transition regime. Phonons near the Brillouin zone center have a transition regime of ~3.34 nm, whereas phonons at the Brillouin zone boundary have a transition regime of ~1.66 nm. We propose that the isotope-induced charge effect at the interface accounts for the distinct delocalization behavior. Moreover, the variation of phonon energy between atom layers near the interface depends on both of momentum transfer and mass change. This study provides new insights into the isotopic effects in natural materials.
Teasing out missing reactions in genome-scale metabolic networks through hypergraph learning
Authors: Chen Can , Liao Chen , Liu Yang-Yu
Published: April 2023

GEnome-scale Metabolic models (GEMs) are powerful tools to predict cellular metabolism and physiological states in living organisms. However, due to our imperfect knowledge of metabolic processes, even highly curated GEMs have knowledge gaps (e.g., missing reactions). Existing gap-filling methods typically require phenotypic data as input to tease out missing reactions. We still lack a computational method for rapid and accurate gap-filling of metabolic networks before experimental data is available. Here we present a deep learning-based method — CHEbyshev Spectral HyperlInk pREdictor (CHESHIRE) — to predict missing reactions in GEMs purely from metabolic network topology. We demonstrate that CHESHIRE outperforms other topology-based methods in predicting artificially removed reactions over 926 high- and intermediate-quality GEMs. Furthermore, CHESHIRE is able to improve the phenotypic predictions of 49 draft GEMs for fermentation products and amino acids secretions. Both types of validation suggest that CHESHIRE is a powerful tool for GEM curation to reveal unknown links between reactions and observed metabolic phenotypes.
Regulation of molecular transport in polymer membranes with voltage-controlled pore size at the angstrom scale
Authors: Zhu Yuzhang , Gui Liangliang , Wang Ruoyu , Wang Yunfeng , Fang Wangxi , Elimelech Menachem , Lin Shihong , Jin Jian
Published: April 2023

Polymer membranes have been used extensively for Angstrom-scale separation of solutes and molecules. However, the pore size of most polymer membranes has been considered an intrinsic membrane property that cannot be adjusted in operation by applied stimuli. In this work, we show that the pore size of an electrically conductive polyamide membrane can be modulated by an applied voltage in the presence of electrolyte via a mechanism called electrically induced osmotic swelling. Under applied voltage, the highly charged polyamide layer concentrates counter ions in the polymer network via Donnan equilibrium and creates a sizeable osmotic pressure to enlarge the free volume and the effective pore size. The relation between membrane potential and pore size can be quantitatively described using the extended Flory-Rehner theory with Donnan equilibrium. The ability to regulate pore size via applied voltage enables operando modulation of precise molecular separation in-situ. This study demonstrates the amazing capability of electro-regulation of membrane pore size at the Angstrom scale and unveils an important but previously overlooked mechanism of membrane-water-solute interactions.
Magnetic wallpaper Dirac fermions and topological magnetic Dirac insulators
Authors: Hwang Yoonseok , Qian Yuting , Kang Junha , Lee Jehyun , Ryu Dongchoon , Choi Hong Chul , Yang Bohm-Jung
Published: April 2023

Topological crystalline insulators (TCIs) can host anomalous surface states which inherits the characteristics of crystalline symmetry that protects the bulk topology. Especially, the diversity of magnetic crystalline symmetries indicates the potential for novel magnetic TCIs with distinct surface characteristics. Here, we propose a topological magnetic Dirac insulator (TMDI), whose two-dimensional surface hosts fourfold-degenerate Dirac fermions protected by either the $${p}_{c}^{{\prime} }4mm$$

p

c

′

4
m
m

or $$p{4}^{{\prime} }{g}^{{\prime} }m$$

p

4

′

g

′

m

magnetic wallpaper group. The bulk topology of TMDIs is protected by diagonal mirror symmetries, which give chiral dispersion of surface Dirac fermions and mirror-protected hinge modes. We propose candidate materials for TMDIs including Nd4Te8Cl4O20 and DyB4 based on first-principles calculations, and construct a general scheme for searching TMDIs using the space group of paramagnetic parent states. Our theoretical discovery of TMDIs will facilitate future research on magnetic TCIs and illustrate a distinct way to achieve anomalous surface states in magnetic crystals.
The role of the big geographic sort in online news circulation among U.S. Reddit users
Authors: Bozarth Lia , Quercia Daniele , Capra Licia , Šćepanović Sanja
Published: April 2023

Past research has attributed the circulation of online news to two main factors—individual characteristics (e.g., a person’s information literacy) and social media effects (e.g., algorithm-mediated information diffusion)—and has overlooked a third one: the critical mass created by the offline self-segregation of Americans into like-minded geographical regions such as states (a phenomenon called ‘The Big Sort’). We hypothesized that this latter factor matters for the online spreading of news not least because online interactions, despite having the potential of being global, end up being localized: interaction probability is known to rapidly decay with distance. Upon analysis of more than 8M Reddit comments containing news links spanning four years, from January 2016 to December 2019, we found that Reddit did not work as an ‘hype machine’ for news (as opposed to what previous work reported for other platforms, circulation was not mainly caused by platform-facilitated network effects). Rather, news circulation in Reddit worked as a supply-and-demand system: news items scaled linearly with the number of users in each state (with a scaling exponent $$\beta$$
β
 $$\approx 1$$

≈
1

, and a goodness of fit $$R^2\approx 0.95$$

R
2

≈
0.95

). Furthermore, deviations from such a universal pattern were best explained by state-level personality and cultural factors ($$R^2\approx \{0.12, 0.39\}$$

R
2

≈

{
0.12
,
0.39
}

), rather than socioeconomic conditions ($$R^2\approx \{0.15, 0.29\}$$

R
2

≈

{
0.15
,
0.29
}

) or political characteristics ($$R^2\approx \{0.06, 0.21\}$$

R
2

≈

{
0.06
,
0.21
}

). Higher-than-expected circulation of any type of news was found in states characterised by residents who tend to be less diligent in terms of their personality (low in conscientiousness) and by loose cultures understating the importance of adherence to norms (low in cultural tightness). Interestingly, the combination of those factors with low levels of education was then associated with the circulation of a particular type of news, that is, misinformation. These results suggest that online interactions are geographically bounded and, as such, news circulation cannot be studied purely as an Internet phenomenon but should be grounded into a user’s offline cultural environment, which has become increasingly segregated over the decades, and is admittedly hard to change.
Existence of La-site antisite defects in $$\hbox{LaMO}_3$$ ($$\hbox{M} = \hbox{Mn}$$, Fe, and Co) predicted with many-body diffusion quantum Monte Carlo
Authors: Ichibha Tom , Saritas Kayahan , Krogel Jaron T. , Luo Ye , Kent Paul R. C. , Reboredo Fernando A.
Published: April 2023

The properties of $$\hbox{LaMO}_3$$

LaMO
3

(M: 3d transition metal) perovskite crystals are significantly dependent on point defects, whether introduced accidentally or intentionally. The most studied defects in La-based perovskites are the oxygen vacancies and doping impurities on the La and M sites. Here, we identify that intrinsic antisite defects, the replacement of La by the transition metal, M, can be formed under M-rich and O-poor growth conditions, based on results of an accurate many-body ab initio approach. Our fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo (FNDMC) calculations of $$\hbox{LaMO}_3$$

LaMO
3

($$\hbox{M} = \hbox{Mn}$$

M
=
Mn

, Fe, and Co) find that such antisite defects can have low formation energies and are magnetized. Complementary density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations show that Mn antisite defects in $$\hbox{LaMnO}_3$$

LaMnO
3

may cause the p-type electronic conductivity. These features could affect spintronics, redox catalysis, and other broad applications. Our bulk validation studies establish that FNDMC reproduces the antiferromagnetic state of $$\hbox{LaMnO}_3$$

LaMnO
3

, whereas DFT with PBE (Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof), SCAN (strongly constrained and appropriately normed), and the LDA+U (local density approximation with Coulomb U) functionals all favor ferromagnetic states, at variance with experiment.
Relationship between depression and quality of life among students: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fernandes Michele da Silva Valadão , Mendonça Carolina Rodrigues , da Silva Thays Martins Vital , Noll Priscilla Rayanne e Silva , de Abreu Luiz Carlos , Noll Matias
Published: April 2023

The objectives of this systematic review were to estimate the prevalence of depression and to identify the relationship between depression and quality of life (QOL) among high school and university students. Literature search was performed in the Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Scielo, CINAHL and Web of Science databases, following the PRISMA methodology. The results were presented through descriptive approaches and meta-analysis. Thirty-six studies met the eligibility criteria, and twenty-six were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 27% (95% CI 0.21–0.33) among students, being high school and university students was 25% (95% CI 0.14–0.37) and 27% (95% CI 0.20–0.34), respectively, and most studies have shown that depression was associated with low QOL. Among the limitations of the study is the difficulty of generalizing the results found, considering the large sample of health students. New studies should be conducted considering the severity, duration, and patterns of depressive symptoms in high school and university students, to better understand the relationship between depression and QOL.
Mutation analysis of pathogenic non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in WFS1 gene through computational approaches
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhang Siqi , Jiang Yuan , Liu Yan , Zhu Qingwen
Published: April 2023

A single base changes causing a change to the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein, which is defined as non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs). Many of the nsSNPs can cause disease, and these nsSNPs are considered as pathogenic mutations. In the study, the high-risk nsSNPs of WFS1 and their influence on the structure and function of wolframin protein were predicted by multiple bioinformatics software. We obtained 13 high-risk nsSNPs of WFS1. All the 13 high-risk nsSNPs are highly conserved residues with a conservative score of 9 or 8 and mostly may cause a decrease in protein stability. The high-risk nsSNPs have an important effect on not only amino acid size, charge and hydrophobicity, but also protein's spatial structure. Among these, 11 nsSNPs had been previously published or cited and 2 nsSNPs (G695S and E776K) had not been reported to date. The two novel variants increased or decreased hydrogen bonds. In conclusion, through different computational tools, it is presumed that the mechanism of pathogenic WFS1 nsSNPs should include the changes of physicochemical properties, significant structural changes and abnormal binding with functional partners. We accomplished the computational-based screening and analysis for deleterious nsSNPs in WFS1, which had important reference value and could contribute to further studies of the mechanism of WFS1 related disease. The computational analysis has many advantages, but the results should be identified by further experimental studies in vivo and in vitro.
Neuropathological signatures revealed by transcriptomic and proteomic analysis in Pten-deficient mouse models
Authors: Cheung Stanley K. K. , Kwok Jacinda , Or Penelope M. Y. , Wong Chi Wai , Feng Bo , Choy Kwong Wai , Chang Raymond C. C. , Burbach J. Peter H. , Cheng Alfred S. L. , Chan Andrew M.
Published: April 2023

PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome is characterised by mutations in the human PTEN gene. We performed transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of neural tissues and primary cultures from heterozygous and homozygous Pten-knockout mice. The somatosensory cortex of heterozygous Pten-knockout mice was enriched in immune response and oligodendrocyte development Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Parallel proteomic analysis revealed differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) related to dendritic spine development, keratinisation and hamartoma signatures. However, primary astrocytes (ASTs) from heterozygous Pten-knockout mice were enriched in the extracellular matrix GO term, while primary cortical neurons (PCNs) were enriched in immediate-early genes. In ASTs from homozygous Pten-knockout mice, cilium-related activity was enriched, while PCNs exhibited downregulation of forebrain neuron generation and differentiation, implying an altered excitatory/inhibitory balance. By integrating DEPs with pre-filtered differentially expressed genes, we identified the enrichment of traits of intelligence, cognitive function and schizophrenia, while DEPs in ASTs were significantly associated with intelligence and depression.
Effect of the emotional valence of autobiographical memory and parental bonding on depressive symptoms in a community sample
Authors: Fernández-Pérez Dolores , Ros Laura , Jimeno María V. , Latorre José Miguel
Published: April 2023

Retrospective perceptions of parental bonding may be a protective factor for emotional health. These perceptions are grounded in autobiographical memory, which plays a key role in the onset and maintenance of depressive symptomatology. The aim of the present study was to explore whether the emotional valence of autobiographical memories (positive and negative) and the dimensions of parental bonding (care and protection) have an impact on depressive symptomatology, examining the role of depressive rumination and possible age-related differences. A total of 139 young adults (18–28 years) and 124 older adults (65–88 years) completed the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Autobiographical Memory Test and the Short Depressive Rumination Scale. Our results show that positive autobiographical memories serve as a protective factor for depressive symptoms in both young and older adults. Additionally, in young adults, high paternal care and protection scores are associated with increased negative autobiographical memories, although this association has no effect on depressive symptomatology. In older adults, high maternal protection scores are directly related to greater depressive symptomatology. Depressive rumination significantly increases depressive symptoms in both young and older adults, with an increase in negative autobiographical memories in young adults, and a decrease in such memories in older adults. Our findings progress the understanding of the relationships between parental bonding and autobiographical memory with respect to emotional disorders, which, in turn, will help in the design of effective prevention measures.
False-positive classification and associated factors in segmented macular layers and retinal nerve fiber layer analysis: Spectralis OCT deviation map study
Authors: Lee Yun Jeong , Park Ki Ho , Jeoung Jin Wook
Published: April 2023

The rates, patterns and associated factors for false-positive classification of deviation maps by Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been reported. However, research on OCT layer-by-layer deviation maps is lacking. We aimed to determine the rates and associated factors for false-positive classification of segmented macular layers and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) deviation maps of Spectralis OCT, and to identify false-positive patterns on segmented macular layers deviation maps. 118 healthy eyes of 118 normal participants who had undergone Spectralis OCT imaging were included. False-positive classification was determined by the area and location of yellow or red color-coded regions on the deviation map. The false-positive rates on the deviation maps were the highest on the ganglion cell layer map, followed by the inner plexiform layer, retinal layer, and RNFL maps. More myopic/less hyperopic refractive error was a factor significantly associated with higher false-positive classification on the RNFL deviation map, and three false-positive patterns were found on the segmented macular layers deviation maps. Spectralis OCT deviation maps should be interpreted carefully to avoid misdiagnosis, especially for eyes with higher degrees of myopic refractive error on the RNFL map, for which purpose, recognizing the characteristic false-positive patterns would be helpful in clinical practice.
Prevalence, factors associated and knowledge of probable dementia among adults 50 years and over attending a faith-based geriatric center in Uganda
Authors: Awuol Machuor Daniel Arok , Innocent Besigye K. , Winfred Ayenyo
Published: April 2023

Dementia is on the rise due to increasing proportion of old people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Although dementia is misattributed to normal ageing or supernatural causes in SSA, it is a brain disease with well-established etiologies. Limited knowledge and understanding of dementia means that many older people are suffering without seeking help and are undiagnosed and untreated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with probable dementia and to describe the knowledge of the disease among adults 50 years and over attending a faith-based geriatric center in Uganda. This was a cross-sectional study using quantitative methods. A total of 267 adults 50 years and over attending a faith-based geriatric center in Mukono, Uganda were interviewed between 1 April and 15 May 2022. Interviews were administered using the Early Dementia Questionnaire (EDQ) and Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS). Data on participants’ socio-demographics, economic income, living arrangement, history of smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise and past medical history was collected using an additional questionnaire. Adults 50 years and over were included in the study. Logistic regression analyses were done. Probable dementia was 46.2% in the sample. The most common symptoms of probable dementia in the order of their severity were memory symptoms, (β co-efficient β 0.08, p < .001), physical symptoms (β 0.08, p < .001), sleep disturbances (β 0.81, p < .001) and emotions (β 0.04, p < .027). The final degree of association as determined by adjusted PR in the multivariable model revealed that only older age (aPR = 1.88, p < .001) and occasional/non-believer (aPR = 1.61, p = .001) remained significantly related to probable dementia. The study also found that 8.0% of the participants had optimal knowledge of dementia. There is high burden of probable dementia among adults 50 years and over attending a faith-based geriatric center in Mukono, Uganda. Factors associated with probable dementia are older age and being an occasional/non-believer. Knowledge of dementia among older adults is low. There is need to promote integrated early dementia screening, care and educational program in primary care to reduce the disease burden. Spiritual support would be a rewarding investment in the lives of the ageing population.
Initial decomposition mechanisms and the inverse effects of temperature and PH2 on the thermodynamic stability of UH3
Authors: Zhang Le , Zhao Yanhong , Song Hongzhou , Gao Xingyu , Zhang Qili , Liu Yu , Sun Bo , Tian Mingfeng , Song Haifeng , Liu Haifeng
Published: April 2023

This work comprehensively discusses the thermodynamic stability of uranium hydrides, provides new insight and practical method to the scientific studies of uranium hydride, which are essential to industrial applications in hydrogen isotopes separation and fundamental understanding the hydriding corrosion of uranium.
A review on accelerated development of skin-like MXene electrodes: from experimental to machine learning
Authors: Garg Romy , Patra Nikhil Ram , Samal Soumyajit , Babbar Shubham , Parida Kaushik
Published: April 2023

Foreshadowing future needs has catapulted the progress of skin-like electronic devices for human–machine interactions.
Regulating the Pt1–CeO2 interaction via alkali modification for boosting the catalytic performance of single-atom catalysts
Authors: Yang Peng , Xu Juntian , Tan Wei , Liu Qinglong , Cai Yandi , Xie Shaohua , Hong Song , Gao Fei , Liu Fudong , Dong Lin
Published: April 2023

K+ modification helps in boosting the CO oxidation activity on Pt1/CeO2 through tuning the coordination environment and oxidation states of Pt sites.
Förster resonance energy transfer involving the triplet state
Authors: Sk Bahadur , Hirata Shuzo
Published: April 2023

This feature article outlines the triplet harvestingviaFörster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from both the fundamental aspects to emerging applications in optoelectronics and bioimaging.
Visible-light-induced oxidant/additive-free atom-economic synthesis of multifunctionalized cyclopropanes via energy transfer
Authors: Gore Babasaheb Sopan , Wang Jeh-Jeng
Published: April 2023

Herein we describe intramolecular cascade reactions enabling the synthesis of bridged cyclopropanes, via the photoinduced energy-transfer catalysis of tethered conjugated dienes.
Facile preparation of N-tert-butyl amides under heat-, metal- and acid-free conditions by using tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) as a practical carbon source
Authors: Natarajan Palani , Metin Onder
Published: April 2023

It has been common practice to use tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) as a source of nitrogen, oxygen, or nitric oxide. In our current work, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, TBN was used as a source of carbon for N-tert-butyl amides synthesis.
CO2electrolysis towards large scale operation: rational catalyst and electrolyte design for efficient flow-cell
Authors: Patra Kshirodra Kumar , Gopinath Chinnakonda S.
Published: April 2023

Possible ways to scale-up electrochemical CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR), and what are the promising and gap areas in CO2RR are emphasized in the current manuscript, while addressing the carbon neutral economy.
Proton dynamics in a spark-plasma sintered BaZr0.7Ce0.2Y0.1O3−δ proton conductor investigated by quasi-elastic neutron scattering
Authors: Wallis J. , Kruth A. , Demmel F.
Published: April 2023

The proton conduction mechanism for the ceramic proton conductor BaZr0.7Ce0.2Y0.1O3−δ was observed by quasi-elastic neutron spectroscopy and described in detail.
A 2,2′-bipyridyl calcium complex: synthesis, structure and reactivity studies
Authors: Wu Lingfeng , Wang Zhenghui , Liu Yumiao , Chen Liang , Ren Wenshan
Published: April 2023

The first example of a 2,2′-bipyridyl radical calcium complex, [CH3C(N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)CHC(CH3)NCH2CH2N(CH3)2]Ca(bipy)(THF), was prepared and characterized and was shown to react as a calcium(i) synthon.
Recent advancement in quantum dot-based materials for energy storage applications: a review
Authors: Anil Kumar Yedluri , Koyyada Ganesh , Ramachandran Tholkappiyan , Kim Jae Hong , Hegazy H. H. , Singh Sangeeta , Moniruzzaman Md
Published: April 2023

The need for energy storage and conversion is growing as a result of the worsening consequences of climate change and the depletion of fossil fuels.
Enhanced proton conductivity by guest molecule exchange in an acylamide-functionalized metal–organic framework
Authors: Feng Zhen-Jie , Li Jun-Jun , Sun Jing , Wu Xue-Song , Li Ying , Wu Di , Li Shi-Hao , Wang Xin-Long , Su Zhong-Min
Published: April 2023

An acylamide-functionalized metal–organic framework has been synthesized via a solvothermal reaction and its proton conductivity is increased by nearly two orders of magnitude after the removal of guest DMA molecules.
Cocoa flavanol supplementation preserves early and late radial artery function after transradial catheterization
Authors: Gröne Michael , Schillings Miriam , Duse Dragos , Kramser Nicolas , Quast Christine , Heiss Christian , Sansone Roberto , Jung Christian , Kelm Malte , Erkens Ralf
Published: April 2023

Mechanical injury during transradial coronary angiography (TCA) results in the induction of vascular injury. The intake of cocoa flavanols seven days prior to and after elective TCA mitigated long-term functional decline and hyperplasia.
Enhanced photocatalytic performance of anatase titania nanotubes via the synergistic effect of trace copper doping and oxygen vacancies
Authors: Wang Chenguang , Chen Lijun , Su Guanwen , He Wanping , Hao Lin , Wei Hongyuan
Published: April 2023

Copper-doped titanium dioxide nanotubes were prepared by a one-step solvothermal method and exhibited high photocatalytic activity and stability.
Lysozyme imprinted Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles via SI-ATRP with temperature-controlled reversible adsorption
Authors: Tian Jun , Pang Yi , Gu Hongjuan , Tang Dongyan , Yu Zaiqian
Published: April 2023

A lysozyme-imprinted polymer was polymerized via SI-ATRP from the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 under ambient conditions. The magnetic MIP exhibits temperature controlled adsorption of lysozyme. The adsorption kinetics followed the Langmuir EXT1 model.
Ultrabroadband hot-hole photodetector based on ultrathin gold film
Authors: Zheng Jun-Rong , You En-Ming , Hu Yuan-Fei , Yi Jun , Tian Zhong-Qun
Published: April 2023

Ultra-broadband hot carrier photodetector is realized via using ultrathin gold film with broadband absorption.
Long-term retention of gold nanoparticles in the liver is not affected by their physicochemical characteristics
Authors: Fernandez Alarcon Jennifer , Soliman Mahmoud , Lüdtke Tanja Ursula , Clemente Eva , Dobricic Marko , Violatto Martina B. , Corbelli Alessandro , Fiordaliso Fabio , Cordiglieri Chiara , Talamini Laura , Sitia Giovanni , Moya Sergio , Bigini Paolo , Monopoli Marco P.
Published: April 2023

Gold nanoparticles’ tropism towards the liver is affected by their size and aspect ratio, being co-localised inside the lysosomes of hepatic cells, without changes in their morphology or arising liver toxicity after 47 days of administration.
In situ epitaxial growth and electrochemical conversion of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 thin layer on Ni-rich cathode materials for high voltage lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Cong , Liu Chun , Liu Honglei , Hu Chengzhi , Wu Yong , Li Afei , Chen Zhangxian , Yang Zeheng , Zhang Weixin
Published: April 2023

The NCM811@LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode prepared by in situ epitaxial growth and electrochemical conversion enhances high voltage performance, suppresses oxygen release, and inhibits electrolyte corrosion.
Substituent effects on intramolecular Schmidt reactions: a theoretical study on the formation of bridged lactams
Authors: Kosteczka Guilherme L. , Soek Rafael N. , Richter Wagner E. , Campos Renan B.
Published: April 2023

The competitive formation of bridged lactams via intramolecular Schmidt reactions can be controlled using substituents, leading to regiospecific processes.
Controlling AIE and ACQ properties of conjugated carbazole-tetraphenylethene copolymers by ethynylene spacer
Authors: Jia Han , Xu Ning , Nagai Yoshiki , Doi Marina , Sawada Toshiki , Serizawa Takeshi , Ando Shinji , Habuchi Satoshi , Michinobu Tsuyoshi
Published: April 2023

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) are controlled by ethynylene spacers between the carbazole and tetraphenylethene. AIE polymers are applied to polymer dots with good emission and water dispersion stability.
Zeolite analogues based on oxysulfidometalate supertetrahedral clusters via coulombic interactions
Authors: Luo Ming-Bu , Chen Li-Jun , Huang Shan-Lin , Zhou Xuechou , Chen Er-Xia , Lin Qipu
Published: April 2023

Four zeolite-like crystalline salts, T3-MEP and T4-MTN/DIA/LON (where MEP, MTN, DIA and LON are the topological codes), have been fabricated.
Lead-free hybrid indium perovskites with near-unity PLQY and white light emission using an Sb3+doping strategy
Authors: Wu Ling-Kun , Li Ren-Fu , Wen Wei-Yang , Zou Qing-Hua , Ye Heng-Yun , Li Jian-Rong
Published: April 2023

A series of new Sb3+ doped-(DETA)InCl6 organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide single crystals were synthesized. The PLQY of single crystals doped with 10% Sb was up to 100%, and white light emission was achieved when the Sb doping amount was 0.005%.
The separation membranes in artificial organs
Authors: Sheng Dafei , Li Xinlin , Sun Chao , Zhou Junwen , Feng Xiao
Published: April 2023

Review of separation membranes in artificial organs covers their mechanisms, performance, and biocompatibility. Next-gen membrane tech faces challenges/opportunities in toxin clearance, blood compatibility, and microfluidic devices.
Efficient synthesis of benzo[c]cinnolines and azoarenes via dual C–N coupling of phthalhydrazide and trivalent halogen reagents
Authors: Yang Yanyan , Xie Rongrong , Wang Yiwen , Zhu Peiyan , Wang Jinhua , Li Shiqing
Published: April 2023

Tandem dual C–N coupling/deprotection/oxidation of phthalhydrazide with cyclic/linear trivalent halogen reagents to synthesize benzo[c]cinnolines and azoarenes has been reported.
Rational synthesis of elusive organic–inorganic hybrid metal-oxo clusters: formation and post-functionalization of hexavanadates
Authors: Salazar Marcano David E. , Kalandia Givi , Moussawi Mhamad Aly , Van Hecke Kristof , Parac-Vogt Tatjana N.
Published: April 2023

Paving the way towards new organic–inorganic hybrid functional materials by investigating the factors affecting the synthesis of hybrid hexavanadates and developing a novel, accessible, and versatile post-functionalization platform.
Electron-rich benzofulvenes as effective dipolarophiles in copper(i)-catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides
Authors: Chang Xin , Liu Xue-Tao , Li Fangfang , Yang Yuhong , Chung Lung Wa , Wang Chun-Jiang
Published: April 2023

Electron-rich benzofulvenes serve as 2π-components in Cu-catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-DC reactions of azomethine ylides, affording chiral spiro-pyrrolidines in high yields with exclusive chemo-/regioselectivity and moderate to excellent stereoselectivity.