bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning dynamical models of single and collective cell migration: a review
Authors: Brückner David B , Broedersz Chase P
Published: March 2024

Single and collective cell migration are fundamental processes critical for physiological phenomena ranging from embryonic development and immune response to wound healing and cancer metastasis. To understand cell migration from a physical perspective, a broad variety of models for the underlying physical mechanisms that govern cell motility have been developed. A key challenge in the development of such models is how to connect them to experimental observations, which often exhibit complex stochastic behaviours. In this review, we discuss recent advances in data-driven theoretical approaches that directly connect with experimental data to infer dynamical models of stochastic cell migration. Leveraging advances in nanofabrication, image analysis, and tracking technology, experimental studies now provide unprecedented large datasets on cellular dynamics. In parallel, theoretical efforts have been directed towards integrating such datasets into physical models from the single cell to the tissue scale with the aim of conceptualising the emergent behaviour of cells. We first review how this inference problem has been addressed in both freely migrating and confined cells. Next, we discuss why these dynamics typically take the form of underdamped stochastic equations of motion, and how such equations can be inferred from data. We then review applications of data-driven inference and machine learning approaches to heterogeneity in cell behaviour, subcellular degrees of freedom, and to the collective dynamics of multicellular systems. Across these applications, we emphasise how data-driven methods can be integrated with physical active matter models of migrating cells, and help reveal how underlying molecular mechanisms control cell behaviour. Together, these data-driven approaches are a promising avenue for building physical models of cell migration directly from experimental data, and for providing conceptual links between different length-scales of description.
Charge density waves in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Hwang Jinwoong , Ruan Wei , Chen Yi , Tang Shujie , Crommie Michael F , Shen Zhi-Xun , Mo Sung-Kwan
Published: March 2024

Charge density wave (CDW is one of the most ubiquitous electronic orders in quantum materials. While the essential ingredients of CDW order have been extensively studied, a comprehensive microscopic understanding is yet to be reached. Recent research efforts on the CDW phenomena in two-dimensional (2D) materials provide a new pathway toward a deeper understanding of its complexity. This review provides an overview of the CDW orders in 2D with atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) as the materials platform. We mainly focus on the electronic structure investigations on the epitaxially grown TMDC samples with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy as complementary experimental tools. We discuss the possible origins of the 2D CDW, novel quantum states coexisting with them, and exotic types of charge orders that can only be realized in the 2D limit.
Dynamical localization in a non-Hermitian Floquet synthetic system
Authors: Ke 可 Han 汗 , Zhang 张 Jiaming 嘉明 , Huo 霍 Liang 良 , Zhao 赵 Wen-Lei 文垒
Published: March 2024

We investigate the non-Hermitian effects on quantum diffusion in a kicked rotor model where the complex kicking potential is quasi-periodically modulated in the time domain. The synthetic space with arbitrary dimension can be created by incorporating incommensurate frequencies in the quasi-periodical modulation. In the Hermitian case, strong kicking induces the chaotic diffusion in the four-dimension momentum space characterized by linear growth of mean energy. We find that the quantum coherence in deep non-Hermitian regime can effectively suppress the chaotic diffusion and hence result in the emergence of dynamical localization. Moreover, the extent of dynamical localization is dramatically enhanced by increasing the non-Hermitian parameter. Interestingly, the quasi-energies become complex when the non-Hermitian parameter exceeds a certain threshold value. The quantum state will finally evolve to a quasi-eigenstate for which the imaginary part of its quasi-energy is large most. The exponential localization length decreases with the increase of the non-Hermitian parameter, unveiling the underlying mechanism of the enhancement of the dynamical localization by non-Hermiticity.
Deuterium retention in cyclic transient heat loaded tungsten with increasing cycle numbers
Authors: Ren Meng-Chong , Yuan Yue , Feng Fan , Cheng Long , Lian You-Yun , Zhou Hai-Shan , Lu Guang-Hong
Published: March 2024

Surface damage and microscopic defect evolution of tungsten (W) armor under transient heat loads are key factors for fuel retention in fusion reactors. In this work, experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of cyclic thermal shocks on deuterium (D) retention and surface blistering in W. Thermal shock experiments were conducted on recrystallized W using an electron beam with a power density of 0.15 GW m−2 across 100–1500 cycles, followed by D plasma exposure with high-fluence (∼1 × 1026 D m−2). The results demonstrate that samples subjected to 500 and 1500 cycles exhibit a significant presence of sub-grains within 90 μm. Notably, the inhibition of blistering induced by thermal shock leads to a substantial reduction in D retention (5.45 × 1019 D m−2) at lower cycle numbers (100 cycles) compared to the reference sample (2.35 × 1020 D m−2) which was only exposed to D plasma. When cycle numbers increase to 500 and 1500, D retention reaches 1.98 × 1020 D m−2 and 4.56 × 1020 D m−2, respectively. Based on the tritium migration analysis program, we propose that total D retention is a consequence of the competition between defects reduced by thermal shock-induced suppression of blistering and defects generated by plastic deformation induced by thermal stress. D retention initially decreases with the increase in cycle numbers, followed by a subsequent rise, with the inflection point slightly higher than 500 cycles. Additionally, due to the extensive scope of thermal stress, an escalated exposure period will result in substantial D captured by heat-induced defects, consequently intensifying the D retention. Whether there exists an upper limit to D retention induced by the increasing thermal shock cycles necessitates further experimental analysis. Nonetheless, it is evident that thermal shock significantly contributes to D retention within a profoundly deep bulk region under high cycles.
The influence of driftwood debris in accelerating the regional scour near the bridge pier
Authors: Sisinggih D , Hendrawan A P , Marsudi S
Published: March 2024

Flood disasters caused by driftwood debris are increasing and becoming more severe due to rising rainfall, shifting forest conditions, and increased trees along rivers. Driftwood buildup in rivers leads to sedimentation, erosion, and rising water levels, necessitating precise prediction of its behavior to mitigate its harmful effects. This study utilizes a three-dimensional numerical model to investigate the influence of piled-up driftwood debris on the acceleration of local scour development in front of the bridge pier. Depending on their density, driftwood blockages can be deposition types, such as floating, suspended, and submerged materials. The floating driftwood debris types yielded broader and deeper scour holes, while the suspended driftwood debris produced narrower but deeper ones. The submerged driftwood debris obstructed the pier perimeter; consequently, the plunging and spiral horseshoe patterns deteriorated as the flow approached the pier. The horseshoe vortex’s intensity and diving flow are likely lower, producing shallower local erosion around the bridge pier.
Nature conservation campaign on building a balanced ecosystem in Simeulue Island
Authors: Abus N A A , Abus A F , Saputra N , Abus A A , Lubis T
Published: March 2024

Nature conservation deals with environmental sustainability. Environmental sustainability will keep balancing the surrounding ecosystem. The role of campaign for nature conservation is essential to support the atmosphere toward human welfare. This study focused on explaining the nature conservation campaign in Simeulue Island. Ethnography method was applied in this study. The study was conducted at Langi Village on Simeulue Island in Aceh Province, Indonesia. The data consisted of recordings that described nature conservation in the past and now. Besides, in-depth interviews and participant observation were also conducted to collect the data. The data were analyzed using domain analysis, taxonomy analysis, and componential analysis. This study showed a change in land use from vegetation plants to new plants (ex, paddy). This situation affects the ecosystem, microclimate, and the loss of several animals in the area. It can be concluded that the nature conservation campaign is essential to maintain nature conservation as a shield for disaster in Langi village. The effort is intended to involve both the chief and local governments.
The significant impacts of laundry wastewater on microplastics: a case study in a residential area
Authors: Haribowo R , Rifdah R , Anggani T P , Putra R A W , Shiddik M J , Fadhillah A
Published: March 2024

Microplastics (MPs) in urban drainage are a significant source of river pollution. Laundry waste, which can contain high levels of microfibers, is a potential source of MPs in urban drainage. This study investigated the abundance and characteristics of MPs in urban drainage channels in Ketawanggede Village, Malang City, Indonesia. The research involved stages such as inorganic and organic separation using Fe2SO4.7H2O and H2O2, density-based MPs separation, and analysis of abundance, size, color, and polymer through microscopy and FTIR. Statistical testing was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test in RStudio. The results showed that the abundance of MPs increased with distance from the river, with the highest abundance found at location 4 (267.44 particles/L). The MPs were dominated by small particles (<1 mm), fibers (58%), and transparent (74.3%) in color. The type of polymer was mostly polypropylene (PP) and nylon. The study also found that the abundance of microfibers was significantly higher at locations 2 and 3 (where laundries were located) compared to location 1. This suggests that laundry waste is a significant source of microfibers in urban drainage.
Groundwater potential zones identification using geoelectrical resistivity sounding and GIS in upper Metro sub-catchment, Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Yuliani E , Rubiantoro P , Anggraeni V , Nelvina A
Published: March 2024

Recently, Upper Metro Sub-Catchment and its surroundings have witnessed intensive land investments. The lack of surface water and the human activities of this region increase the demand for groundwater. Several water boreholes were installed to meet the large water needs; however, these boreholes no longer cover the high demand for water due to the increase in population, increase in irrigated areas, and wear and tear on pumps. Therefore, in order to better define the catchment area and find new sites that meet the water quality and quantity requirements, a geoelectrical survey using the electrical resistivity method was carried out in the upper Metro sub-catchment potentials. Using the Schlumberger array, a total of 19 vertical electrical soundings were conducted along 2 profiles. The recorded data were interpreted quantitatively and qualitatively through the use of apparent resistivity maps, geoelectrical pseudo-section analysis, and the established geoelectric sections. In this study, we identified sandstone tuff as an aquifer layer at a depth of 20 – 100 meters. So it can be known that there are 3 zones of groundwater potential consisting of poor, medium, and high.
Water quality enhancement through vertical and horizontal roughing filtration (case study: drilling well at Mojorejo Village, Batu City, Indonesia)
Authors: Saputra A W W , Rubiantoro P , Asmoro R , Artha V M
Published: March 2024

Roughing filtration is crucial in wastewater treatment by efficiently separating small solid particles without chemicals. Conducting a pilot project in Mojorejo Village aimed to evaluate the viability of using horizontal-flow roughing filtration for drinking water treatment. The filter consists of three distinct sections separated by perforated baffles. Each compartment is filled with local sand and gravel arranged in a specific decreasing size sequence. The filter demonstrates satisfactory performance in removing turbidity and total suspended solids. Gravel was selected as the control medium due to its widespread use in roughing filters. The filter also effectively removes iron, manganese, and color. The study results suggest that horizontal-flow roughing filtration could be a cost-effective and efficient pre-treatment process, particularly when surface water is utilized as the water source. It is particularly suitable for small-scale communities and scenarios where water is free from significant pollutants. This system can serve as a comprehensive treatment system, allowing the treated water to be distributed for various uses.
Groundwater investigation in the Dumoga area, north Sulawesi province, Indonesia
Authors: Kalo N H , Wilopo W , Umar D
Published: March 2024

Dumoga is one of the areas in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, designated as an agriculture and food crop area. Groundwater is one of the sources of raw water and irrigation in this area. Therefore, it needs detailed information about the quantity and quality to support groundwater exploitation and management for sustainable use of groundwater resources. This study investigates the groundwater resource potential and quality, which has not been previously studied. The research methods used geological observation, springs mapping, geoelectrical survey, measurement of groundwater level, and physicochemical, including temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC). The result shows that the Dumoga area has a high potential for groundwater resources, with sand and clayey sand as the main aquifers. Groundwater flows from around the research area to Dumoga River in the middle. Even though it has a high potential for groundwater resources, not all groundwater is recommended for irrigation water because of the quality, especially from the southwestern and eastern Dumoga areas.
Aquifer potential investigation applying vertical electrical sounding in Bango sub-catchment area
Authors: Prayogo T B , Bisri M , Fadhia K F , Martius A F
Published: March 2024

The freshwater requirement in the Bango sub-catchment is rising along with land use change. The main source of freshwater that can be used is groundwater in the aquifer layer. The research on aquifer potential was conducted using the vertical electrical sounding (VES) method. Vertical electrical sounding is a geoelectric method to measure the resistivity of the rocks. This instrument is used to obtain subsurface information about aquifer depth. The measurements along fourteen measurement points that the length of each track used is a maximum of 4 km. The layer which is the potential to be an aquifer is a tuff layer with resistivity values for tuff layer at each measurement point varying from 20,2 to 78,16 Ωm. The results showed that the rock lithology is influenced by volcanic activity and there is a layer suspected of being a potential shallow aquifer. The potential shallow groundwater in the Bango sub-catchment is approx. 5,73 billion cubic meters.
Analysis of water supply fulfillment for watering plants needs in potentially upcoming El Nino period using reliable discharge and planned rainfall discharge methods
Authors: Pramudita C D , Imaaduddiin M H
Published: March 2024

Based on the statement from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG), Indonesia is potentially entering a period of El Nino and facing below-normal dry conditions that lead to drought. The Environmental Service of Surabaya City (DLH), that in charge of watering city parks every day is affected because this watering process utilizes water from existing water channels as its source. During the El Nino period, it is feared that the water channels will dry up, resulting in insufficient water supply for watering. The solution then is to analyze the water supply fulfillment. The method used is calculating the planned rainfall discharge to determine the water level in the rainy season and the reliable discharge to determine the water level in the dry season. Comparing the two water levels, the difference in water levels is then used to calculate the required water discharge. Through this analysis, it is found that the water demand during the dry season increases by 130 percent, reaching 676,000 liters. However, the water level in the existing channels decreased to 0 meters in July. Besides, the availability of alternative water from WWTP reaches 846,700 liters, which is sufficient to fulfill the watering water demand.
Protected area development examination based on land use curve number value changes in Nusantara National Capital Region
Authors: Kurniawan I , Suhardjono  , Novico F , Septiangga B , Amin N
Published: March 2024

This study examines the impact of land use changes on the intended extent of protected areas in the Nusantara National Capital Region (IKN). This study’s land use changes result from land use projections based on the IKN’s spatial plan (RTRW IKN) and land use projections considering the potential flood inundation areas for the Q100 recurrence interval, as determined by Clue analysis. Regression analysis with SPSS is used to determine the relationship between one or more independent variables (predictors) and a dependent variable (response variable) to analyze the mathematical equation used to calculate the size of protected areas. The analysis results reveal alterations in the size of protected areas within a watershed due to variations in the Curve Number (CN) values. A more excellent CN value reduces the extent of protected areas in a watershed and vice versa. This study is anticipated to provide helpful information for spatial planning decisions in the IKN, particularly in the Government Core Centre (KIPP) region.
Mapping of flood in the Juana Watershed for risk assessment
Authors: Astuti Y , Komara K D
Published: March 2024

This research intends to map floods in the Juana Watershed. However, the flood disaster in the Seluna River system started when the flood land was developed for residential areas, agriculture as well as industry, so the damage potency due to the flood will increase. Along with the increasing of population number and density, the social impact that is more serious than flood will follow – like the threat of loss of life. The impact is the management of flood risk becomes more complex and expensive. The methodology for flood mapping consists of the assessment of flood index, vulnerability, and capacity. Determination of flood hazard index is carried out based on the classification of inundation depth. The process is carried out by using spatial calculation, so it can produce the risk map and grid value that can be used in arranging the explanation of the risk map. The result of flood mapping is hoped to be able to support the model development of flood risk management towards the area layout.
Hydraulic flow and downstream scouring behavior on spillway system of Surumana Dam
Authors: Cahya E N , Dermawan V , Sari R P
Published: March 2024

Surumana Dam is designed to meet various needs of water in Donggala, Central Sulawesi, and its surroundings. It is planned to be equipped with a side channel spillway, which sequentially consists of an approach channel, side spillway, side channel, transition channel, slide channel, energy absorber type USBR II, and an escape channel to the main river. The safety of the spillway system design, which affects the overall safety of the dam, is determined by the hydraulic behavior. This study aims to investigate the hydraulics flow in the side spillway system and scouring in downstream due to the flood discharge through the spillway dam by using a physical model test in the laboratory with a scale of 1:60. The model was used to measure the hydraulic parameter as velocity, depth, and pressure, under Q100, Q1000 and QPMF discharge. The result of the analysis showed the hydraulic flow behavior, especially in the phenomenon of damping the energy of water flow in stilling ponds (energy damper) and scouring in the downstream river bed. The results of this hydraulic model test provided a better picture of the flow behavior of the spillway system in terms of energy dissipation and scour.
A meta-analysis investigating the influence of citrus by-product pretreatment on lipid oxidation levels in stored chicken meat
Authors: Ujilestari Tri , Rumhayati Barlah , Nur Adli Danung , Sugiharto  , Iustitia Sitaresmi Pradita , Widodo Slamet , Wahyono Teguh , Wulandari  , Miftakhus Sholikin Mohammad , Budiarto Rahmat
Published: March 2024

This study extensively investigates the impact of citrus by-products on the oxidative stability of chicken meat. The literature review, spanning from 2000 to 2023, involved a thorough screening process, adhering to stringent selection criteria guided by PRISMA-P guidelines. The utilization of Hedge’s model meta-analysis to examine the distinctions between the control and treatment groups, wherein the random effect accounts for inter-study differences, and the fixed effect pertains to the impact of the addition of citrus by-product to chicken meat. Citrus by-products from various fruits, applied under diverse conditions, consistently and significantly reduced TBARS levels throughout the storage period, resulting in an overall mean effect size of -2.57 (P<0.001). While most citrus types displayed a non-significant trend with prolonged storage, both seed and peel components exhibited a significant reduction in TBARS levels (P<0.05). Notably, citrus by-products, especially in whole chicken meat and through marination pretreatment, demonstrated substantial reductions in TBARS values (P<0.01). This metaanalysis underscores the potential of citrus by-product to effectively enhance the oxidative stability of chicken meat during storage, providing valuable insights for further research and practical applications in food preservation.
Local knowledge in forest management: a case study in java forest, indonesia
Authors: Padmaningrum Dwiningtyas , Julian Santosa Fajar , Widiyanto  , Roro Ilma Kusuma Wardani Raden , Purwanto Danang , Fathinah Maharani Rana
Published: March 2024

Forests are currently faced with the challenge of increasingly widespread forest degradation, threatening human life at the global level due to climate change and unexpected plans. In this context, the role of local knowledge is considered strategic in sustainable forest management. In line with the dynamics of global change, local knowledge often needs to be adapted, complemented, or preserved to continue contributing to forestry development. Similarly, in the case of forests in Indonesia, climate change can influence local knowledge of forest management. Consequently, there is a need for studies on how communities adapt their traditional practices to climate change and the impact of such adaptations on the sustainability of forest resources. Through a qualitative method with case studies, this research was conducted to identify and understand local community knowledge and its role in forest management. The research was conducted in Wonokerto Village, Rembang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Data was collected from January-October 2023 using observation and interview techniques involving 21 informants from Forest Village Community Institutions (LMDH) representatives, forest farmers, facilitators, forest police, Perhutani, and local community leaders. The interactive model analyses data through data collection, reduction, verification, and presentation. Research shows local knowledge of forest communities emerging from various values and norms, cultural rituals, forest management practices, and local institutions. As a result, this local knowledge positively contributes to forest sustainability, where a balanced relationship between society and the forest is well maintained.
Changing Waves: Maritime Community Cultural Responses to the Anthropocene in Tambak Lorok, Semarang
Authors: Ramadhan D M , Fadullah M , Komalasari D , Fadila A , Amaradani M S , Imanta L D
Published: March 2024

Climate change rooted in the Anthropocene significantly impacts global ecological changes, including coastal ecosystems. As a coastal city, Semarang City experiences various phenomena related to the Anthropocene caused by humans, or anthropogenic, which affects coastal activities, including aspects of the community. Tambak Lorok community is among the communities most affected by anthropogenic threats. Therefore, Tambak Lorok fishermen continue to build resilience in running their livelihoods. This research used a mixed method through the Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA). Quantitative approach in the form of survey data collection on the Joint Business Group (KUB) representative is carried out, while a qualitative approach is used to delve into and understand the context of SLA further. The results show that the Tambak Lorok fishing community’s livelihood system can be analyzed through five capital assets: human capital, social capital, natural capital, physical capital, and financial capital. These five aspects get a variety of physical, social, and intervention vulnerabilities that create resilience and culture in the intersection. The KUB, as a representative of the fishing community, strengthens their sustainable livelihood in three ways: changing their fishing gear sustainably, diversifying income to FAD, and utilizing other alternatives outside fisheries sector. All of these alternatives to livelihood were achieved through collaborative governance with various policies and institutions as a sustainable livelihood strategy.
Water quality assessment and evaluation of human health risks in the Pusur River, Klaten Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.
Authors: Andesgur I , Hartono  , Setyono P , Gravitiani E
Published: March 2024

This research examines the condition of the water characteristics of the Pusur River to provide data regarding water quality status and risks to human health. In determining the water quality use the NSF-WQI, or National Sanitation Foundation-Water Quality Index based on the main water quality parameters, including temperature, fecal coliform, turbidity, pH, DO, COD, and nitrate. The WQI at the Sudimoro Village location is 37.50, Cokro is 43.54, Wangen is 39.51, Delanggu is 35.45, Juwiring is 38.05, and Taji Village is 34.92. From these six locations, the WQI values are all included in the bad criteria (scores of 26-50). The low WQI values at the six locations were influenced by the low values of the DO, nitrate, temperature, and fecal coliform sub-indices. This low value is related to anthropogenic activities in the region. Furthermore, the data were subjected to applications of the Chronic Daily Index (CDI) Hazard Quotient (HQ), and Hazard Index (HI) to reveal possible non-carcinogenic health risks from nitrate and cadmium contaminants. The hazard quotient through exposure to ingestion from each sampling point includes low risk, namely the value range of 0.1 < HI < 1 for adults and children. Water from rivers must be adequately treated before being used for domestic purposes.
Determination of the seismic effect of a mass explosion on the earthquake resistance of ledges of block products
Authors: Korobiichuk Valentyn , Iskov Serhii , Leonets Iryna , Davydova Iryna , Kalchuк Serghii
Published: March 2024

The publication examines the impact of seismic waves from the mass detonation of the gravel section of the quarry on solid areas suitable for extracting dimension stone in the conditions of the Leznikivsky quarry (Ukraine). Seismic measurements in the quarry were analyzed. Based on the obtained data, seismic-safe zones for mass detonations of gravel sections were identified, and the maximum allowable charges of explosive materials in a single borehole were calculated.
Surface activation of viscose textiles via air, argon, and oxygen dielectric barrier discharge plasma: influence of peak voltage
Authors: ELASHRY Shrouk , RASHED Usama M. , WAHBA Mostafa A. , AHMED Hend M. , ELSIRAGY Nabil M.
Published: March 2024

This paper discusses the use of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment to enhance the surface qualities of viscose fabrics. The study explores the effects of different plasma gases, discharge voltages, and exposure times on the treated fabrics. The findings emphasize the importance of optimizing the plasma’s peak voltage to achieve the desired surface treatment outcomes. The document also presents data on colour strength, wettability, colour fastness, and tensile strength of the treated fabrics, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of surface morphology and chemical analysis using fourier- transition infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The results show that treatment at a peak voltage of 11.83 kV is more efficient, except for the tensile strength which is enhanced at a peak voltage of 8.92 kV. The oxygen plasma treatment significantly improves the colour strength, which exhibits an increase from 11 to 18. The intensified colour was attributed to the significant influence of electrostatic interactions between the charged hydroxyl groups of the oxygen plasma treated viscose textiles and the dye molecules, which enhance the printability. The oxygen DBD plasma exhibits a higher ability to enhance the properties of textiles when compared to air and argon plasmas. This study presents a sustainable, economical, secure, and ecologically friendly approach to explore new fabrics for specific uses.
Incorporating empirical knowledge into data-driven variable selection for quantitative analysis of coal ash content by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: LYU 吕 Yihan 一涵 , SONG 宋 Weiran 惟然 , HOU 侯 Zongyu 宗余 , WANG 王 Zhe 哲
Published: March 2024

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has become a widely used atomic spectroscopic technique for rapid coal analysis. However, the vast amount of spectral information in LIBS contains signal uncertainty, which can affect its quantification performance. In this work, we propose a hybrid variable selection method to improve the performance of LIBS quantification. Important variables are first identified using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, mutual information, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and random forest, and then filtered and combined with empirical variables related to fingerprint elements of coal ash content. Subsequently, these variables are fed into a partial least squares regression (PLSR). Additionally, in some models, certain variables unrelated to ash content are removed manually to study the impact of variable deselection on model performance. The proposed hybrid strategy was tested on three LIBS datasets for quantitative analysis of coal ash content and compared with the corresponding data-driven baseline method. It is significantly better than the variable selection only method based on empirical knowledge and in most cases outperforms the baseline method. The results showed that on all three datasets the hybrid strategy for variable selection combining empirical knowledge and data-driven algorithms achieved the lowest root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values of 1.605, 3.478 and 1.647, respectively, which were significantly lower than those obtained from multiple linear regression using only 12 empirical variables, which are 1.959, 3.718 and 2.181, respectively. The LASSO-PLSR model with empirical support and 20 selected variables exhibited a significantly improved performance after variable deselection, with RMSEP values dropping from 1.635, 3.962 and 1.647 to 1.483, 3.086 and 1.567, respectively. Such results demonstrate that using empirical knowledge as a support for data-driven variable selection can be a viable approach to improve the accuracy and reliability of LIBS quantification.
Ensemble classifiers fed by functional connectivity during cognitive processing differentiate Parkinson’s disease even being under medication
Authors: Tülay Emine Elif
Published: March 2024

Brain–computer interface technologies, as a type of human-computer interaction, provide a control ability on machines and intelligent systems via human brain functions without needing physical contact. Moreover, it has a considerable contribution to the detection of cognitive state changes, which gives a clue for neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), in recent years. Although various studies implemented different machine learning models with several EEG features to detect PD and receive remarkable performances, there is a lack of knowledge on how brain connectivity during a cognitive task contributes to the differentiation of PD, even being under medication. To fill this gap, this study used three ensemble classifiers, which were fed by functional connectivity through cognitive response coherence (CRC) with varying selected features in different frequency bands upon application of the 3-Stimulation auditory oddball paradigm to differentiate PD medication ON and OFF and healthy controls (HC). The results revealed that the most remarkable performances were exhibited in slow frequency bands (delta and theta) in comparison to high frequency and wide range bands, especially in terms of target sounds. Moreover, in the delta band, target CRC distinguishes all groups from each other with accuracy rates of 80% for HC vs PD-OFF, 80% for HC vs PD-ON, and 81% for PD-ON vs PD-OFF. In the theta band, again target sounds were the most distinctive stimuli to classify HCxPD-OFF (80% accuracy), HCxPD-ON (80.5% accuracy) with quite good performances, and PD-ONxPD-OFF (76% accuracy) with acceptable performance. Besides, this study achieved a state-of-the-art performance with an accuracy of 87.5% in classifying PD-ONxPD-OFF via CRC of standard sounds in the delta band. Overall, the findings revealed that brain connectivity contributes to identifying PD and HC as well as the medication state of PD, especially in the slow frequency bands.
Neighborhood eviction trajectories and odds of moderate and serious psychological distress during pregnancy among African American women
Authors: Sealy-Jefferson Shawnita , Jackson Benita , Francis Brittney
Published: March 2024

African American mothers are unjustly burdened by both residential evictions and psychological distress. We quantified associations between trajectories of neighborhood evictions over time and the odds of moderate and serious psychological distress (MPD and SPD, respectively) during pregnancy among African American women. We linked publicly available data on neighborhood eviction filing and judgment rates to preconception and during-pregnancy addresses from the Life-course Influences on Fetal Environments (LIFE) Study (2009-2011; n = 808). Multinomial logistic regression–estimated odds of MPD and SPD during pregnancy that were associated with eviction filing and judgment rate trajectories incorporating preconception and during-pregnancy addresses (each categorized as low, medium, or high, with two 9-category trajectory measures). Psychological distress was measured with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) (K6 scores 5-12 = MPD, and K6 scores ≥13 = SPD). MPD was reported in 60% of the sample and SPD in 8%. In adjusted models, higher neighborhood eviction filing and judgment rates, as compared with low/low rates, during the preconception and pregnancy periods were associated with 2- to 4-fold higher odds of both MPD and SPD during pregnancy among African American women. In future studies, researchers should identify mechanisms of these findings to inform timely community-based interventions and effective policy solutions to ensure the basic human right to housing for all.

This article is part of a Special Collection on Mental Health.
Ruling Relations Coordinating the ‘Migrant Family’ in Institutional Encounters between Finnish Social Work Professionals and Migrant Service Users
Authors: Jäppinen Maija , Kara Hanna , Nordberg Camilla , Riitaoja Anna-Leena
Published: March 2024

Despite the growing body of literature on how migrancy transforms family relations, surprisingly little research exists on how ‘migrant family’ takes shape in institutional encounters. In this article, we analyse the negotiations on when and how family relations become addressed in encounters between social workers and migrant service users. Drawing from institutional ethnography, we understand the local service encounters as actively regulated by extra-local relations of ruling, represented here mainly by texts such as legislative acts, service descriptions and professional guidelines. The results show that the ways in which family is present and addressed in the institutional encounters often became an act of balancing between a broader understanding of family relations building on the service user’s self-definition as well as psychosocial and holistic professional ideals, and a narrower administrative understanding rooted in the Finnish legislation on social security and immigration. The legislative texts thus become a strong relation of ruling that coordinates the actual encounters and what happens in them. Nevertheless, family is essential to human subjectivity, and if the institutional encounters focus only on those family relations recognised by the legislation, important aspects of human relations remain unseen.
Health inequities in medical documentation affecting people with skin of colour: nonspecific alopecia International Classification of Diseases codes
Authors: Olukoga Chrislene , Chittajallu Supriya , Edwards Cameron , Florentin Maria , Kaur Navepreet , Pyles Josephine , Haggstrom Anita
Published: March 2024

This article explores the lack of ICD-10 coding among people with skin of colour with alopecia. It sheds light on weak epidemiological information underlying these diseases, underscoring the need for a framework to advocate for equitable ICD coding.
General dermatology and dermatology in primary healthcare
Authors: Mehta Hitaishi , Vinay Keshavamurthy , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Sharma Aman , Dogra Sunil
Published: March 2024

This is a Specialty Certificate Examination Case on diagnosing granulomatosis with polyangiitis involving the small arteries.
Neutrophil extracellular traps induce pyroptosis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Zhao Peipei , Zhu Jiarui , Bai Ling , Ma Wenlan , Li Feifei , Zhang Cen , Zhao Liangtao , Wang Liuyang , Zhang Sigong
Published: March 2024

Excessive formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may lead to myositis-related interstitial lung disease (ILD). There is evidence that NETs can directly injure vascular endothelial cells and play a pathogenic role in the inflammatory exudation of ILD. However, the specific mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the specific mechanism underlying NET-induced injury to human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). HPMECs were stimulated with NETs (200 ng/ml) in vitro. Cell death was detected by propidium iodide staining. The morphological changes of the cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Pyroptosis markers were detected by western blot, immunofluorescence, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the related inflammatory factor Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with the control group, HPMECs mortality increased after NET stimulation, and the number of pyroptosis vacuoles in HPMECs was further observed by TEM. The pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) of the experimental autoimmune myositis mouse model also showed a trend of pyroptosis in vivo. Cell experiment further confirmed the significantly high expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis-related markers, including GSDMD and inflammatory factor IL-1β. Pretreated with the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950, the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis of HPMECs were effectively inhibited. Our study confirmed that NETs promote pulmonary microvascular endothelial pyroptosis by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting that NETs-induced pyroptosis of PMECs may be a potential pathogenic mechanism of inflammatory exudation in ILD.
Effort expenditure modulates feedback evaluations involving self–other agreement: evidence from brain potentials and neural oscillations
Authors: Li Jin , Zhong Bowei , Li Mei , Sun Yu , Fan Wei , Liu Shuangxi
Published: March 2024

The influence of effort expenditure on the subjective value in feedback involving material reward has been the focus of previous research. However, little is known about the impact of effort expenditure on subjective value evaluations when feedback involves reward that is produced in the context of social interaction (e.g. self–other agreement). Moreover, how effort expenditure influences confidence (second-order subjective value) in feedback evaluations remains unclear. Using electroencephalography, this study aimed to address these questions. Event-related potentials showed that, after exerting high effort, participants exhibited increased reward positivity difference in response to self–other (dis)agreement feedback. After exerting low effort, participants reported high confidence, and the self–other disagreement feedback evoked a larger P3a. Time–frequency analysis showed that the high-effort task evoked increased frontal midline theta power. In the low (vs. high)-effort task, the frontal midline delta power for self–other disagreement feedback was enhanced. These findings suggest that, at the early feedback evaluation stage, after exerting high effort, individuals exhibit an increased sensitivity of subjective value evaluation in response to self–other agreement feedback. At the later feedback evaluation stage, after completing the low-effort task, the self–other disagreement feedback violates the individuals’high confidence and leads to a metacognitive mismatch.
Prospective Investigation of Optical Genome Mapping for Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis
Authors: Xie Min , Zheng Zhao-Jing , Zhou Ying , Zhang Yu-Xin , Li Qiong , Tian Li-Yun , Cao Juan , Xu Yan-Ting , Ren Jie , Yu Qi , Wu Shan-Shan , Fang Shu , Zhuang Dan-Yan , Geng Juan , Chen Chang-Shui , Li Hai-Bo
Published: March 2024

Background

Optical genome mapping (OGM) is a novel assay for detecting structural variants (SVs) and has been retrospectively evaluated for its performance. However, its prospective evaluation in prenatal diagnosis remains unreported. This study aimed to prospectively assess the technical concordance of OGM with standard of care (SOC) testing in prenatal diagnosis.

Methods

A prospective cohort of 204 pregnant women was enrolled in this study. Amniotic fluid samples from these women were subjected to OGM and SOC testing, which included chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and karyotyping (KT) in parallel. The diagnostic yield of OGM was evaluated, and the technical concordance between OGM and SOC testing was assessed.

Results

OGM successfully analyzed 204 cultured amniocyte samples, even with a cell count as low as 0.24 million. In total, 60 reportable SVs were identified through combined OGM and SOC testing, with 22 SVs detected by all 3 techniques. The diagnostic yield for OGM, CMA, and KT was 25% (51/204), 22.06% (45/204), and 18.14% (37/204), respectively. The highest diagnostic yield (29.41%, 60/204) was achieved when OGM and KT were used together. OGM demonstrated a concordance of 95.56% with CMA and 75.68% with KT in this cohort study.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that OGM can be effectively applied in prenatal diagnosis using cultured amniocytes and exhibits high concordance with SOC testing. The combined use of OGM and KT appears to yield the most promising diagnostic outcomes.
A new protocol for a single-stage combined cardiopulmonary and echocardiography exercise test: a pilot study
Authors: Dorobantu Dan M , Wadey Curtis A , Berryman Ben , Amir Nurul H , Forsythe Lynsey , Stuart A Graham , Pieles Guido E , Williams Craig A
Published: March 2024

Aims

The value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) in managing cardiac disease is well known, but no standard CPET–ESE protocol is currently recommended. This pilot study aims to compare feasibility and cardiac function responses between a new high-intensity single-stage combined test (CPET–hiESE) and a standard maximal ESE (smESE).

Methods and results

After screening and maximal CPET, all volunteers (n = 21) underwent three ESE modalities: (i) based on the gas exchange threshold (hiESE–GET, 40% of peak-GET, 6 min), (ii) based on heart rate (HR) (hiESE–HR, 80% of peak HR, 6 min), and (iii) smESE (85% of predicted peak HR for age, 3 min). Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) were measured at each step. There was superior image quality and data completeness for the right ventricle strain for both hiESE modalities compared with smESE (71.4 and 76.2 vs. 42.9%, P = 0.07). Left ventricular STE data completeness was similar for all three conditions. Despite systematically higher HR, work rate and levels of exertion in the smESE compared with hiESE, STE and TDI parameters were not systematically different. Concordance correlation coefficients ranged from 0.56 to 0.88, lowest for strain rate parameters and mean difference from −0.34 to 1.53, highest for TDI measurements.

Conclusion

The novel CPET–hiESE protocol allowed for better data completeness, at lower levels of exertion compared with smESE, without systematically different cardiac reserve measurements in healthy participants. This single-stage protocol can be individualized to clinical populations, which would provide practical advantages to standard testing.