bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Deep Proteome Analysis Identifies the Complete Secretome as the Functional Unit of Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells
Authors: Sharma Sudhish , Mishra Rachana , Bigham Grace E. , Wehman Brody , Khan Mohd M. , Xu Huichun , Saha Progyaparamita , Goo Young Ah , Datla Srinivasa Raju , Chen Ling , Tulapurkar Mohan E. , Taylor Bradley S. , Yang Peixin , Karathanasis Sotirios , Goodlett David R. , Kaushal Sunjay
Published: December 2016

Rationale:

Cardiac progenitor cells are an attractive cell type for tissue regeneration, but their mechanism for myocardial remodeling is still unclear.

Objective:

This investigation determines how chronological age influences the phenotypic characteristics and the secretome of human cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), and their potential to recover injured myocardium.

Methods and Results:

Adult (aCPCs) and neonatal (nCPCs) cells were derived from patients aged >40 years or <1 month, respectively, and their functional potential was determined in a rodent myocardial infarction model. A more robust in vitro proliferative capacity of nCPCs, compared with aCPCs, correlated with significantly greater myocardial recovery mediated by nCPCs in vivo. Strikingly, a single injection of nCPC-derived total conditioned media was significantly more effective than nCPCs, aCPC-derived TCM, or nCPC-derived exosomes in recovering cardiac function, stimulating neovascularization, and promoting myocardial remodeling. High-resolution accurate mass spectrometry with reverse phase liquid chromatography fractionation and mass spectrometry was used to identify proteins in the secretome of aCPCs and nCPCs, and the literature-based networking software identified specific pathways affected by the secretome of CPCs in the setting of myocardial infarction. Examining the TCM, we quantified changes in the expression pattern of 804 proteins in nCPC-derived TCM and 513 proteins in aCPC-derived TCM. The literature-based proteomic network analysis identified that 46 and 6 canonical signaling pathways were significantly targeted by nCPC-derived TCM and aCPC-derived TCM, respectively. One leading candidate pathway is heat-shock factor-1, potentially affecting 8 identified pathways for nCPC-derived TCM but none for aCPC-derived TCM. To validate this prediction, we demonstrated that the modulation of heat-shock factor-1 by knockdown in nCPCs or overexpression in aCPCs significantly altered the quality of their secretome.

Conclusions:

A deep proteomic analysis revealed both detailed and global mechanisms underlying the chronological age-based differences in the ability of CPCs to promote myocardial recovery via the components of their secretome.
When Does Virtual Embodiment Change Our Minds?
Authors: Bailey Jakki O. , Bailenson Jeremy N. , Casasanto Daniel
Published: December 2016

Can an avatar’s body movements change a person’s perception of good and bad? We discuss virtual embodiment according to theories of embodied cognition (EC), and afferent and sensorimotor correspondences. We present an example study using virtual reality (VR) to test EC theory, testing the effect of altered virtual embodiment on perception. Participants either controlled an avatar whose arm movements were similar to their own or reflected the mirror opposite of their arm movements. We measured their associations of “good” and “bad” with the left and right (i.e., space-valence associations). This study demonstrated how VR could be used to examine the possible ways that systems of the body (e.g., visual, motor) may interact to influence cognition. The implications of this research suggest that visual feedback alone is not enough to alter space-valence associations. Multiple sensory experiences of media (i.e., sensorimotor feedback) may be necessary to influence cognition, not simply visual feedback.
How Was Ibsen’s Modern Drama Possible?
Authors: Fulsås Narve , Rem Tore
Published: December 2016

One of the major renewals in the history of drama is Henrik Ibsen’s “modern tragedy” of the 1880s and 1890s. Since Ibsen’s own time, this renewal has been seen as an achievement accomplished in spite, rather than because, of Ibsen’s Norwegian and Scandinavian contexts of origin. His origins have consistently been associated with provinciality, backwardness and restrictions to be overcome, and his European “exile” has been seen as the great liberating turning point of his career. We will, on the contrary, argue that throughout his career Ibsen belonged to Scandinavian literature and that his trajectory was fundamentally conditioned and shaped by what happened in the intersection between literature, culture and politics in Scandinavia. In particular, we highlight the continued association and closeness between literature and theatre, the contested language issue in Norway, the superimposition of literary and political cleavages and dynamics as well as the transitory stage of copyright.
Pär Lagerkvist, Barabbas and the Nobel Prize for Literature
Authors: Möller Håkan
Published: December 2016

Barabbas (1950) and the Nobel Prize of 1951 made Pär Lagerkvist—for a while—world-famous. In this article, I give an account of what the rapid and considerable success of Barabbas involved and how this commercial success also considerably increased Lagerkvist’s chances of winning the Nobel Prize for Literature. His name had already been mentioned several years running, but it took courage to award the prize yet again to a Scandinavian writer, let alone to a Swede who was also one of the Swedish Academy’s own members. How this problem affected the preliminary discussions, together with reactions in the press, and how the members of the Swedish Academy’s Nobel committee argued round this sensitive question, are subjected to a comprehensive analysis.
Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part III: North America and Greenland
Authors: KACZMAREK ŁUKASZ , MICHALCZYK ŁUKASZ , MCINNES SANDRA J.
Published: December 2016

This paper is the third monograph of the series that describes the global records of limno-terrestrial water bears (Tardigrada). Here, we provide a comprehensive list of non-marine tardigrades recorded from the North America, providing an updated and revised taxonomy accompanied by geographic co-ordinates, habitat, and biogeographic comments. It is hoped this work will serve as a reference point and background for further zoogeographical and taxonomical studies.
Bringing in China
Authors: Tsai Lily L.
Published: December 2016

What do comparativists have to gain by reading recent work on China? In this article, I focus specifically on the ways in which scholarship on China can contribute to the task of theory building in comparative politics. I identify two areas that could reap particularly high benefits from considering scholarship on China—comparative political development and the political behavior of development—and I discuss some of the specific contributions that China scholarship can make to building comparative theory in these areas.
Whistle-blowing and the politics of truth: Mobilizing ‘truth games’ in the WikiLeaks case
Authors: Munro Iain
Published: December 2016

This article investigates the role of ‘truth’ as an object of contention within organizations, with specific reference to the ‘politics of truth’ in the WikiLeaks case. For an empirical illustration of a ‘truth game’, this article draws on varied accounts of the WikiLeaks whistle-blowing website. The article shows how different ‘truth games’ are mobilized by different organizational actors engaged in a politics of truth. The article demonstrates the existence of different truth games at work in the WikiLeaks case. It shows WikiLeaks’ profound challenge to hegemonic games of truth in terms of a ‘networked parhessia’, which entails a radical transformation of the process of truth-telling in support of whistle-blowers and in pursuit of an explicitly emancipatory, anarchist political agenda. Networked parhessia provides a new infrastructure to enable a ‘parhessia of the governed’. This article demonstrates how WikiLeaks is of singular importance as a case study of organizational resistance in the way it moves beyond micropolitical acts of resistance, such as whistle-blowing, towards an engagement with wider political struggles.
“Can Only the Dead Speak?” Terror, Trauma and the Witness Traveller
Authors: Salgado Minoli
Published: December 2016

My article considers Dori Felman and Shoshana Laub’s configuration of the witness traveller in relation to narrative witnessing across a range of texts by exilic writers. Framed and informed by Salman Rushdie’s rhetorical question in Shame, “Can only the dead speak?” — a question that foregrounds the politics of bearing witness to trauma from an exilic perspective — the paper considers the narrative mediation of secondary witnessing across the “threshold” (Agamben, 1998) that separates the primary and secondary witness. In so doing, it follows the hermeneutic logic of boundary-crossing by travelling across a range of literary registers in its consideration of the witness as insider and outsider, a mobile subject that moves across the boundaries of national and cultural affiliation. It shows how exilic writing can place a high premium on the value of a writer’s ruptured double agency and divided loyalty, which is offered as the alternative (and alter-native) discursive space in the absence of the voices of those who have been “disappeared” from the official record.
Adolescent Misconduct Behaviors
Authors: Tisak Marie S. , Tisak John , Chen Yiwei , Fang Qijuan , Baker Erin R.
Published: December 2016

The primary goal of the current study was to examine cultural differences in Chinese and U.S. adolescents’ and parents’ perceptions and evaluations of adolescent misconduct behaviors. A total of 395 U.S. and Chinese adolescents (ages 11-19 years) and 255 parents participated in this study. Each participant generated adolescent misconduct behaviors and rated each misconduct behavior as to the degree of wrongness. The misconduct behaviors were coded into 10 categories across three themes (moral offenses, drugs, and conventions). Results revealed significant cultural differences in a number of adolescent misconduct behaviors. For example, the United States generated more misconduct behaviors in weapon offenses and drug use than did China. These cultural differences were further complicated by an interaction between culture and generation. Chinese adolescents were more likely than U.S. adolescents to use categories of school, home, and social conventional violations, and considered these adolescent misconduct behaviors to be more wrong. However, it was the U.S. parents who considered adolescent misconduct behaviors in these categories to be more wrong than did Chinese parents.
Preservice Teachers’ Learning to Plan Intellectually Challenging Tasks
Authors: Kang Hosun
Published: December 2016

This study explores how and under which conditions preservice secondary science teachers (PSTs) engage in effective planning practices that incorporate intellectually challenging tasks into lessons. Drawing upon a situative perspective on learning, eight PSTs’ trajectories of participation in communities of practice are examined with a focus on planning throughout student teaching. Data include 32 sets of teaching artifacts, interviews with PSTs, interviews with methods course instructors, and interviews with mentor teachers. The analyses show that instructional tasks observed at the beginning of lessons link to the ways in which PSTs engage in the three interrelated processes of (a) framing instructional goals, (b) constructing a lesson scenario, and (c) addressing problems of practice. The consistencies and changes observed in the PSTs’ trajectories of planning reveal the dynamic, responsive, and contentious nature of planning situated in local contexts. Three implications for designing productive learning opportunities for PSTs are discussed.
Respecting a Cultural Continuum of Black Male Pedagogy: Exploring the Life History of a Black Male Middle School Teacher
Authors: Milton-Williams Toni , Bryan Nathaniel
Published: December 2016

Black male teachers tend to enact culturally relevant pedagogical practices that support the academic achievement, cultural competence, and critical consciousness of Black male students. Using critical race theory, culturally relevant pedagogy, and life history methodology, we explore the life history and work of a Black male middle school teacher to examine ways in which his historical, societal, institutional, and communal and personal experiences have shaped him to become a culturally relevant teacher and advocate for Black male students. In doing so, we provide implications and recommendations for preservice teacher education programs to retain and better support Black male middle school teachers.
Mediating Effects of Place Attachment and Satisfaction on the Relationship between Tourists’ Emotions and Intention to Recommend
Authors: Hosany Sameer , Prayag Girish , Van Der Veen Robert , Huang Songshan (Sam) , Deesilatham Siripan
Published: December 2016

This study develops a model based on the developmental theory of place attachment. The model considers the influence of tourists’ emotions on place attachment and the mediating effects of satisfaction and place attachment on the relationship between tourists’ emotions and intention to recommend. The model was tested using data collected from 464 international tourists at the end of their trip to Thailand. Results show that positive emotions, negative emotions and satisfaction are significant determinants of place attachment. In particular, negative emotions display a positive relationship with place attachment. In addition, only satisfaction mediates the relationship between tourists’ emotions and intention to recommend. Findings highlight the need for researchers to incorporate emotions in modeling place attachment and offer implications for marketers promoting Thailand as a tourist destination.
The role of timing and prototypical causality on how preschoolers fast-map novel verb meanings
Authors: Abbot-Smith Kirsten , Imai Mutsumi , Durrant Samantha , Nurmsoo Erika
Published: December 2016

In controlled contexts, young children find it more difficult to learn novel words for actions than words for objects: Imai et al. found that English-speaking three-year-olds mistakenly choose a novel object as a referent for a novel verb about 42% of the time despite hearing the verb in a transitive sentence. The current two studies investigated whether English three- and five-year-old children would find resultative actions easier (since they are prototypically causative) than the non-resultative, durative event types used in Imai et al.’s studies. The reverse was true. Furthermore, if the novel verbs were taught on completion of the action, this did not improve performance, which contrasts with previous findings. The resultative actions in the two studies reported here were punctual, change-of-location events which may be less visually salient than the non-resulative, durative actions. Visual salience may play a greater role than does degree of action causality in the relative ease of verb learning even at three years.
ASPEN‐FELANPE Clinical Guidelines
Authors: Kumpf Vanessa J. , de Aguilar‐Nascimento Jose Eduardo , Diaz‐Pizarro Graf Jose Ignacio , Hall Amber M. , McKeever Liam , Steiger Ezra , Winkler Marion F. , Compher Charlene W. ,   FELANPE,   American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
Published: December 2016

Background: The management of patients with enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) requires an interdisciplinary approach and poses a significant challenge to physicians, wound/stoma care specialists, dietitians, pharmacists, and other nutrition clinicians. Guidelines for optimizing nutrition status in these patients are often vague, based on limited and dated clinical studies, and typically rely on individual institutional or clinician experience. Specific nutrient requirements, appropriate route of feeding, role of immune‐enhancing formulas, and use of somatostatin analogues in the management of patients with ECF are not well defined. The purpose of this clinical guideline is to develop recommendations for the nutrition care of adult patients with ECF. Methods: A systematic review of the best available evidence to answer a series of questions regarding clinical management of adults with ECF was undertaken and evaluated using concepts adopted from the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group. An anonymous consensus process was used to develop the clinical guideline recommendations prior to peer review and approval by the ASPEN Board of Directors and by FELANPE. Questions: In adult patients with enterocutaneous fistula: (1) What factors best describe nutrition status? (2) What is the preferred route of nutrition therapy (oral diet, enteral nutrition, or parenteral nutrition)? (3) What protein and energy intake provide best clinical outcomes? (4) Is fistuloclysis associated with better outcomes than standard care? (5) Are immune‐enhancing formulas associated with better outcomes than standard formulas? (6) Does the use of somatostatin or somatostatin analogue provide better outcomes than standard medical therapy? (7) When is home parenteral nutrition support indicated?
Relationship quality and couples’ unhealthy behaviors predict body mass index in women
Authors: Skoyen Jane A. , Rentscher Kelly E. , Butler Emily A.
Published: December 2016

Research on the connection between relationship quality and body weight yields mixed results, suggesting the presence of a moderating variable. We tested whether the connection between four measures of relationship quality (conflict, ambivalence, maintenance, and love) and body mass index (BMI) was moderated by gender and couples’ unhealthy behaviors. The results showed that among women, those reporting good relationship quality had lower BMI than those with poor relationship quality, but only if they also showed little evidence of couples’ unhealthy behaviors. In other words, only the combination of high relationship quality and low prevalence of couples’ unhealthy behaviors was linked to lower BMI among women. In contrast, low relationship quality, regardless of couples’ unhealthy behaviors, and the combination of high relationship quality and high prevalence of couples’ unhealthy behaviors were all linked to higher BMI among women. These associations were not observed among men. The results suggest the presence of symptom-system fit—a relational pattern linking health detrimental behaviors and higher relationship quality.
Prevention of the collapse of pial collaterals by remote ischemic perconditioning during acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Ma Junqiang , Ma Yonglie , Dong Bin , Bandet Mischa V , Shuaib Ashfaq , Winship Ian R
Published: December 2016

Collateral circulation is a key variable determining prognosis and response to recanalization therapy during acute ischemic stroke. Remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerC) involves inducing peripheral ischemia (typically in the limbs) during stroke and may reduce perfusion deficits and brain damage due to cerebral ischemia. In this study, we directly investigated pial collateral flow augmentation due to RIPerC during distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rats. Blood flow through pial collaterals between the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and the MCA was assessed in male Sprague Dawley rats using in vivo laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and two photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) during distal MCAo. LSCI and TPLSM revealed that RIPerC augmented collateral flow into distal MCA segments. Notably, while control rats exhibited an initial dilation followed by a progressive narrowing of pial arterioles 60 to 150-min post-MCAo (constricting to 80–90% of post-MCAo peak diameter), this constriction was prevented or reversed by RIPerC (such that vessel diameters increased to 105–110% of post-MCAo, pre-RIPerC diameter). RIPerC significantly reduced early ischemic damage measured 6 h after stroke onset. Thus, prevention of collateral collapse via RIPerC is neuroprotective and may facilitate other protective or recanalization therapies by improving blood flow in penumbral tissue.
Growth in Reading Comprehension and Verbal Ability From Grades 1 Through 9
Authors: Holahan John M. , Ferrer Emilio , Shaywitz Bennett A. , Rock Donald A. , Kirsch Irwin S. , Yamamoto Kentaro , Michaels Reissa , Marchione Karen E. , Shaywitz Sally E.
Published: December 2016

We systematically assessed the relationships between growth of four components of verbal ability—Information, Similarities, Vocabulary, and Comprehension subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale–Revised—and longitudinal growth from Grades 1 to 9 of the Woodcock–Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery Passage Comprehension subtest while controlling for Word Identification and Word Attack, using multilevel growth models on a sample of 414 children. Growth was assessed over all grades (1-9), and separately for early grades (1-5) and later grades (5-9). Over all grades, growth in Word Identification had a substantial standardized loading to Passage Comprehension, and all four verbal abilities had smaller, but significant standardized loadings to Passage Comprehension ( p < .05), with Information and Vocabulary having slightly higher loadings than Similarities and Comprehension. For early grades, results were similar to the overall results, with the exception of Vocabulary, which had a nonsignificant loading to Passage Comprehension. For later grades, Word Identification again had the largest, but substantially smaller standardized loading on Passage Comprehension and standardized loadings of all four verbal abilities were statistically significant with Vocabulary and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised (WISC-R) Comprehension having appreciably higher loadings than in the previous analyses. Conversation- and interaction-based intervention and instruction in oral language in general, and vocabulary in particular throughout early childhood and continuing throughout the school years, combined with evidence-based instruction that systematically develops the skills of phonologic awareness, decoding, word reading, fluency, and comprehension in school, may provide a pathway to reducing the achievement gap in reading.
Explosion risk assessment model for underground mine atmosphere
Authors: Cheng Jianwei , Zhang Xixi , Ghosh Apurna
Published: December 2016

In the coal mining industry, explosions or mine fires present the most hazardous safety threats for coal miners or mine rescue members. Hence, the determination of the mine atmosphere explosibility and its evolution are critical for the success of mine rescues or controlling the severity of a mine accident. However, although there are numbers of methods which can be used to identify the explosibility, none of them could well indicate the change to the explosion risk time evolution. The reason is that the underground sealed atmospheric compositions are so complicated and their dynamical changes are also affected by various influence factors. There is no one method that could well handle all such considerations. Therefore, accurately knowing the mine atmospheric status is still a complicated problem for mining engineers. Method of analyzing the explosion safety margin for an underground sealed atmosphere is urgently desired. This article is going to propose a series of theoretical explosion risk assessment models to fully analyze the evolution of explosion risk in an underground mine atmosphere. Models are based on characteristics of the Coward explosibility diagram with combining mathematical analyzing approaches to address following problems: (1) for an “not-explosive” atmosphere, judging the evolution of explosion risk and estimating the change-of-state time span from “not-explosive” to “explosive” and (2) for an “explosive” atmosphere, estimating the “critical” time span of moving out of explosive zone and stating the best risk mitigation strategy. Such research efforts could not only help mine operators understand the explosibility risk of a sealed mine atmosphere but also provide a useful tool to wisely control explosive atmosphere away from any dangers. In order to demonstrate research findings, case studies for derived models are shown and are also used to instruct readers how to apply them. The results provide useful information for effectively controlling an explosive underground sealed atmosphere.
Comparison of Cerebrospinal Fluid Opening Pressure in Children With Demyelinating Disease to Children With Primary Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Morgan-Followell Bethanie , Aylward Shawn C.
Published: December 2016

The authors aimed to compare the opening pressures of children with demyelinating disease to children with primary intracranial hypertension. Medical records were reviewed for a primary diagnosis of demyelinating disease, or primary intracranial hypertension. Diagnosis of demyelinating disease was made according to either the 2007 or 2012 International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group criteria. Primary intracranial hypertension diagnosis was confirmed by presence of elevated opening pressure, normal cerebrospinal fluid composition and neuroimaging. The authors compared 14 children with demyelinating disease to children with primary intracranial hypertension in 1:1 and 1:2 fashions. There was a statistically significant higher BMI in the primary intracranial hypertension group compared to the demyelinating group ( P = .0203). The mean cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count was higher in the demyelinating disease group compared to primary intracranial hypertension ( P = .0002). Among both comparisons, the cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure, glucose, protein and red blood cell counts in children with demyelinating disease were comparable to age- and sex-matched controls with primary intracranial hypertension.
Reformulating the Use of Battered Woman Syndrome Testimonies in Canadian Law
Authors: Ono Erika
Published: December 2016

This article examines the use of battered woman syndrome (BWS) expert testimonies in Canadian case law, regarding cases involving murder or attempted murder of abusive partners by women in violent intimate relationships. The purpose of this article is to contribute to literature about the use of BWS evidence in Canadian jurisprudence with connections to social work. The author provides a historical overview of the use of BWS testimonies in Canada and presents case examples. The article explores the benefits of BWS testimonies, its limitations, recommendations for reformulating its use, and implications for social work practice.
Social Work Challenges in the Second Decade of the 21st Century
Authors: Dominelli Lena
Published: December 2016

This article considers the challenges 21st-century social workers face and focuses specifically on that of racism including Islamophobia and structural inequalities in the society generally. It argues that social workers have the knowledge, skills, and values to endorse egalitarian relations across racial divides.
No Differences in Health Outcomes After Routine Inquiry About Violence Victimization in Young Women: A Randomized Controlled Study in Swedish Youth Health Centers
Authors: Palm Anna , Högberg Ulf , Olofsson Niclas , Skalkidou Alkistis , Danielsson Ingela
Published: December 2016

Youth is a period in life when the risk of violence victimization is high and association between victimization and ill health is well established. Youth rarely reveal violence victimization to health professionals if not directly asked but favor health professionals asking about victimization. The study’s primary aim was to examine health outcomes in young women being routinely asked about violence victimization and offered subsequent support, compared with controls, at 12-month follow-up. Secondary aims were to examine to what extent routine inquiry altered the consultation and re-victimization rates during the study period. A randomized controlled intervention study was conducted at Swedish youth health centers. Participants assigned to the intervention group were asked structured questions about violence. Victimized participants received empowering strategies and were offered further counseling. Participants in the control group completed questionnaires about victimization after the visit. Both groups answered questions about sociodemographics and health, constructed from validated instruments. A questionnaire was administered to all participants 12 months after baseline. Of 1,445 eligible young women, 1,051 (73%) participated, with 54% of the participants completing the 12-month follow-up. Lifetime violence victimization was reported by 53% in the intervention group and 60% in the control group, ns. There were no significant differences in health outcomes, between baseline and 12-month follow-up, within either group or between groups. Re-victimization rates were 16% in the intervention group and 12% in the control group, ns. Of victimized young women in the intervention group, 14% wanted and received further counseling. Routine inquiry about violence victimization and empowering strategies were feasible within ordinary consultations at youth health centers but did not demonstrate improved health outcomes at 12-month follow-up compared with controls. Questions about violence led to a high degree of disclosure, and 14% of victimized young women in the intervention group received further counseling as a result.
Effect of droplet characteristics and rotation speed on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of mist/air cooling in a rotating ribbed two-pass rectangular channel
Authors: Wang Xinjun , Zhang Feng , Zheng Daren , Li Jun
Published: December 2016

The flow and heat transfer characteristics of mist/air cooling in the rotating ribbed two-pass rectangular channel are numerically investigated using the CFD software ANSYS-CFX. In this article, a comparison in heat transfer performance between the mist/air cooling and the air-only cooling is performed. Additionally, the effect of the initial mist diameter, temperature, velocity and the channel rotation speed on the mist/air cooling performance is analysed. The results show that the droplet flow distance and Nusselt number of the mist/air cooling increase as the initial mist temperature decreases. In addition, as the initial mist diameter decreases, the diameter of mist on the whole channel decreases, resulting in the higher heat transfer, whilst the mist concentration also decreases, leading to the lower heat transfer. Therefore, there is an optimal initial mist diameter which makes the heat transfer performance best. Nevertheless, the droplet movement and heat transfer performance of mist/air cooling are nearly insensitive to the initial mist velocity. It is also noted that the Coriolis force increases with the channel rotation speed, causing the flow deflection becomes more obvious. Consequently, as the channel rotation speed increases, in the first passage the averaged Nusselt number on the trailing wall increases, and that on the leading wall decreases, while the trend in the second passage is reversed.
On the quality of auxiliary assumptions
Authors: Gervais Raoul
Published: December 2016

In a recent contribution to this journal, David Trafimow and Joshua Uhalt (2015) argue against the tradeoff between predictive power and explanatory breadth. In their view, it is the quality of the auxiliary assumptions that allows one to make testable predictions; hence it is possible that theories of considerable explanatory breadth, when combined with the right quality auxiliary assumptions, lead to testable predictions. Unfortunately, they leave the notion “quality” unspecified. In this review, I consider three possible properties that might render auxiliary assumptions capable of yielding testable predictions, namely observability, detail, and precision. All three proposals are rejected. I end with an appeal to further reflect on the role of auxiliary assumptions in deriving testable predictions.
Evaluation of polymorphic variants in apoptotic genes and their role in susceptibility and clinical progression to systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Glesse N , Vianna P , Paim L M G , Matte M C C , Aguiar A K K , Palhano P L , Monticielo O A , Brenol C V , Xavier R M , Chies J A B
Published: December 2016

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease marked by the disruption of the immune homeostasis. Patients exhibit a wide range of clinical manifestations, and environmental and genetic factors are involved in SLE pathogenesis. Evidence suggests that abnormalities in the cellular and molecular events that coordinate apoptosis may favour the generation of autoantigens involved in autoimmunity. In this way, the apoptotic deregulation may be affected by polymorphic variants in apoptotic-related genes.

Methods

We analyzed FAS, FASL, BCL-2 and BAX polymorphisms in order to correlate to SLE susceptibility and clinical features. A total of 427 SLE patients from the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and 543 controls from southern Brazil were evaluated.

Results

We observed higher frequencies of the FASL –844CC genotype and –844C allele, as well as of the FASL-844C/IVS2nt-124A haplotype in African-derived SLE patients when compared to controls ( P < 0.001). FASL –844C, which is related to high FasL expression, could contribute to increased apoptosis and to the breakdown of immunological tolerance, favouring autoantibody production and inflammation. On the other hand, the BAX –248GA genotype and the –248A allele , related to low protein expression, were observed as a protective factor against SLE in this same population. The rate of apoptosis and cell death was evaluated in peripheral lymphocytes, and SLE patients presented a higher percentage of dead lymphocytes (CD3+Annexin V+ 7-AAD+) compared to the control group.

Conclusion

Our data support a role for apoptosis in SLE susceptibility.
Insurgency and Nigeria’s Relations with Her Immediate Neighbors in the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Obamamoye Babatunde Felix
Published: December 2016

Terrorist acts metamorphosed into an insurgency in Nigeria when the Boko Haram terrorist group ferociously challenged the territorial integrity of Nigeria and proclaimed authority over 14 local governments. Consequently, Nigeria orchestrates counterinsurgency strategy that incorporates her contiguous neighbors. It is against this background that this article interrogates the rise of insurgency in Nigeria and its influence on Nigeria’s relations with her immediate neighbors. The article argues that the insurgent uprising reinvigorates rapprochement between Nigeria and the nearby states. It concludes that cooperation in this context for national security is inexorable for mutual survival.
Decentralized adaptive fuzzy vibration control of smart gossamer space structure
Authors: Xu Rui , Li DongXu , Jiang Jianping , Zou Jie
Published: December 2016

Gossamer space structures technology have gained widely applications in space missions. However, the vibration problem is a great challenge which makes the technology complicated. The overall motivation of this work is to develop a vibration control system for gossamer space structures. In this study, a space membrane structure with piezoelectric stack actuators bracketed on its support frame is considered. First, the description of the smart space membrane structure and its dynamic model are presented. Then, a decentralized adaptive fuzzy control method is developed to control the structure vibration. Finally, experimental system is built up, and two vibration control experiment cases are carried out to verify the proposed control method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed control method is more effective than the fuzzy control method.
Multiscale analysis for the prediction of the full field in electromagnetoelastic composites with semi-infinite cracks
Authors: Aboudi Jacob
Published: December 2016

The full field distributions in loaded electromagnetoelastic composites with semi-infinite cracks and other localized defects are predicted by employing micro-to-macroscale analyses. At the micro level, the effective properties of the electromagnetoelastic composite, which consists of piezoelectric and piezomagnetic constituents, are determined by employing a micromechanical analysis which takes into account the detailed interaction between the phases. The subsequent macroscale analysis employs the jumps of the K-field of a crack embedded within a homogeneous electromagnetoelastic medium, computed at the boundaries of a rectangular domain that is sufficiently far away from the localized effects. Then, the double finite Fourier transform is applied and the solution of the problem in the transform domain is derived. Inversion of the Fourier transform provides, in conjunction with an iterative procedure, the resulting electromagnetoelastic field distributions. Both crack fronts perpendicular and parallel to the poling (the axis of symmetry of the composite) are considered. After the verification of the offered approach, results are presented for piezoelectric/piezomagnetic composites with a semi-infinite crack which is interacting with a cavity. In addition, the field distributions in cracked porous electromagnetoelastic materials are presented. A particular emphasis is given to the induced magnetic field caused by the application of electromechanical loading, and to the induced electric field caused by the application of magnetomechanical loading.
Nurses as Antibiotic Brokers: Institutionalized Praxis in the Hospital
Authors: Broom Alex , Broom Jennifer , Kirby Emma , Scambler Graham
Published: December 2016

We are likely moving rapidly toward a post-antibiotic era, as a result of escalating antimicrobial resistance, rapidly declining antibiotic production and profligate overuse. Hitherto research has almost exclusively focused on doctors’ prescribing, with nurses’ roles in antibiotic use remaining virtually invisible. Drawing on interviews with 30 nurses, we focus on nurses as brokers of doctors’ antibiotic decisions, nursing capacity to challenge doctors’ decisions, and, “back stage” strategies for circumnavigating organizational constraints. We argue that nurses occupy an essential and conscious position as brokers within the hospital; a subject position that is not neutral, facilitates (short-term) cohesion, and involves the pursuit of particular (preferred) nursing outcomes. Illustrating how authority can be diffuse, mediated by institutionalized praxis, and how professionals evade attempts to govern their practice, we challenge the reification of physician prescribing power, arguing that it may work against the utilization of nurses as important stakeholders in the future of antibiotics.
Conditional Disclosure on Pathways to Care: Coping Preferences of Young People at Risk of Psychosis
Authors: Gronholm Petra C. , Thornicroft Graham , Laurens Kristin R. , Evans-Lacko Sara
Published: December 2016

The interrelationship between stigma and help-seeking is under-researched among children and adolescents. This study explored stigma in relation to pathways to care among young people putatively in an early stage of increased risk of developing psychotic disorders. “Pathways to care” was defined as help-seeking and support from informal and formal resources, and increased risk was determined through the presence of persistent psychotic-like experiences and internalizing/externalizing psychopathology. Twenty-nine qualitative interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. We defined the superordinate theme in these data as “conditional disclosure,” a concept reflecting the rules and prerequisites that influenced how/whether participants sought help. Through parallels between these findings and established stigma theory, we examined how these conditions could be interpreted as influenced by stigma. Our findings demonstrate the influence of stigma on young people’s perceptions of a range of pre-clinical symptoms, and on how they seek support for these symptoms.
The Impact of Foster Parent Training on Parenting Skills and Child Disruptive Behavior
Authors: Solomon David T. , Niec Larissa N. , Schoonover Ciera E.
Published: December 2016

Children in foster care are at risk for behavioral and emotional problems that require higher levels of care than other children. To meet these needs and reduce placement disruptions, foster parents require effective parenting skills. Although a number of training models have been evaluated, the findings on the efficacy of foster parent training (FPT) are mixed. We conducted a meta-analysis of the FPT outcome research from 1984 to 2014 to develop a clearer understanding of the impact of such trainings. Fifteen samples (16 studies) were identified that investigated the impact of FPT on self-reported parenting skills and knowledge and child problem behaviors. The mean effect size for child disruptive behavior using a random effects model was small but significant at −.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [−.39, −.01], Z = 2.05, p < .05), suggesting that, on average, foster parents who were involved in the trainings reported fewer child behavior problems than parents who did not receive the training. The mean effect size for parenting was moderate and significant at .52 (95% CI = [.22, .82], Z = 3.38, p < .05), indicating that, on average, parents in the treatment groups reported higher levels of skills and knowledge following training than did those in the control group. While these results are promising, more research is necessary to investigate the inconsistency in effect sizes across studies.
Safety Assessment of Polyquaternium-22 and Polyquarternium-39 as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Johnson Wilbur , Heldreth Bart , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Andersen F. Alan
Published: December 2016

Polyquaternium-22 and polyquaternium-39 are polymers that function as antistatic agents, film formers, and hair fixatives in cosmetic products. These ingredients are being used at concentrations up to 2% (polyquaternium-22, in a rinse-off product) and up to 3% (polyquaternium-39, in rinse-off and leave-on products). The unreacted monomer content of these ingredients was considered low and of no toxicological concern. Limited data showed no skin irritation/sensitization. Although these ingredients were nongenotoxic in bacterial assays, mammalian genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity data were not available. These polymers, however, are large, highly polar molecules that would likely not be absorbed, and neither local effects in the respiratory tract nor systemic toxicity are expected following product application/exposure. The Expert Panel concluded that polyquaternium-22 and polyquaternium-39 are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetic formulations.
Safety Assessment of Formic Acid and Sodium Formate as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Johnson Wilbur , Heldreth Bart , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Andersen F. Alan
Published: December 2016

Formic acid functions as a fragrance ingredient, preservative, and pH adjuster in cosmetic products, whereas sodium formate functions as a preservative. Because of its acidic properties, formic acid is a dermal and ocular irritant. However, when used as a pH adjuster in cosmetic formulations, formic acid will be neutralized to yield formate salts, for example, sodium formate, thus minimizing safety concerns. Formic acid and sodium formate have been used at concentrations up to 0.2% and 0.34%, respectively, with hair care products accounting for the highest use concentrations of both ingredients. The low use concentrations of these ingredients in leave-on products and uses in rinse-off products minimize concerns relating to skin/ocular irritation or respiratory irritation potential. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel concluded that formic acid and sodium formate are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics, when formulated to be nonirritating.
Better Together
Authors: Slutskaya Natasha , Game Annilee M. , Simpson Ruth C.
Published: December 2016

Despite growing interest in video-based methods in organizational research, the use of collaborative ethnographic documentaries is rare. Organizational research could benefit from the inclusion of collaborative ethnographic documentaries to (a) enable the participation of “difficult to research” groups, (b) better access the material, embodied, or sensitive dimensions of work and organizing, and (c) enhance the dissemination and practical benefits of findings. To increase understanding of this under-explored method, the authors first review the available literature and consider strengths, limitations, and ethical concerns in comparison with traditional ethnography and other video-based methods. Using recent data collected on working class men doing “dirty work,” the authors then illustrate the use of collaborative ethnographic documentary as an investigative tool—capturing often concealed, embodied, and material dimensions of work—and a reflective tool—elaborating and particularizing participants’ narrative accounts. It is concluded that collaborative ethnographic documentary facilitates greater trust and communication between researchers and participants, triggering richer exploration of participants’ experiences, in turn strengthening theoretical insights and practical impact of the research.
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Analysis: A Methodology for Organizational Neuroscience
Authors: Massaro Sebastiano , Pecchia Leandro
Published: December 2016

Recently, the application of neuroscience methods and findings to the study of organizational phenomena has gained significant interest and converged in the emerging field of organizational neuroscience. Yet, this body of research has principally focused on the brain, often overlooking fuller analysis of the activities of the human nervous system and associated methods available to assess them. In this article, we aim to narrow this gap by reviewing heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, which is that set of methods assessing beat-to-beat changes in the heart rhythm over time, used to draw inference on the outflow of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In addition to anatomo-physiological and detailed methodological considerations, we discuss related theoretical, ethical, and practical implications. Overall, we argue that this methodology offers the opportunity not only to inform on a wealth of constructs relevant for management inquiries but also to advance the overarching organizational neuroscience research agenda and its ecological validity.
Habits of peace: Long-term regional cooperation in Southeast Asia
Authors: Glas Aarie
Published: December 2016

The nation-states that make up the Association of Southeast Asian Nations are widely described to be peaceful in their relations with each other, so much so that scholars have referred to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations’ “long peace.” While it is true that war eludes the region, interstate militarized disputes remain a persistent feature. How can we account for the absence of war between Association of Southeast Asian Nations members in light of persistent militarized disputes? To address this question, this article builds on the emerging International Relations literature on habits and practice in interstate relations. I develop a framework centred on the habitual dispositions of communities of practitioners that focuses on the unreflexive cognitive and behavioural qualities of regional relations. These “habits of peace” circumscribe thinking and behaviour among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations’ state practitioners. Specifically, they have led to a toleration of limited violence among Association of Southeast Asian Nations member states. After tracing the existence of these habitual qualities of relations, I demonstrate their effects on regional crisis response, which makes possible community building and maintenance alongside considerable levels of interstate violence. I explore this through an in-depth analysis of the regional response to the 2011 Preah Vihear crisis between Cambodia and Thailand.