bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced optical imaging techniques for bladder cancer detection and diagnosis: a systematic review
Authors: Remmelink Marinka J. , Rip Yael , Nieuwenhuijzen Jakko A. , Ket Johannes C.F. , Oddens Jorg R. , de Reijke Theo M. , de Bruin Daniel M.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To systematically assess the current available literature concerning advanced optical imaging methods for the detection and diagnosis of bladder cancer (BCa), focusing particularly on the sensitivity and specificity of these techniques.

Methods

First a scoping search was performed to identify all available optical techniques for BCa detection and diagnosis. The optical imaging techniques used for detecting BCa are: the Storz professional image enhancement system (IMAGE1 S), narrow‐band imaging (NBI), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), autofluorescence imaging (AFI), photodynamic diagnosis (PDD), and scanning fibre endoscopy (SFE). The staging and grading techniques for BCa are: optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), Raman spectroscopy, endocytoscopy, and non‐linear optical microscopy (NLO). Then a systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science from inception to 21 November 2023. Articles were screened and selected by two independent reviewers. Inclusion criteria were: reporting on both the sensitivity and specificity of a particular technique and comparison to histopathology, and in the case of a detection technique comparison to white light cystoscopy (WLC).

Results

Out of 6707 articles, 189 underwent full‐text review, resulting in 52 inclusions. No articles met criteria for IMAGE1 S, PAI, SFE, Raman spectroscopy, and endocytoscopy. All detection techniques showed higher sensitivity than WLC, with NBI leading (87.8–100%). Overall, detection technique specificity was comparable to WLC, with PDD being most specific (23.3–100%). CLE and OCT varied in sensitivity and specificity, with OCT showing higher specificity for BCa diagnosis, notably for carcinoma in situ (97–99%) compared to CLE (62.5–81.3%). NLO demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity (90–97% and 77–100%, respectively) based on limited data from two small ex vivo studies.

Conclusions

Optical techniques with the most potential are PDD for detecting and OCT for staging and grading BCa. Further research is crucial to validate their integration into routine practice and explore the value of other imaging techniques.
UBA2 SUMOylates NQO1 and promotes the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating the MAPK pathway
Authors: Chen Hailong , Li Huifang , He Minke , Lai Zhicheng , Huang Lichang , Wen Dongsheng , Shi Ming , Kan Anna
Published: July 2024

In our previous study, we found that small ubiquitin‐related modifier (SUMO)‐activating enzyme ubiquitin‐associated‐2 domain (UBA2) was upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who were insensitive to chemoembolization. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of UBA2 in HCC progression. Three cohorts were used to evaluate the efficacy of UBA2 as a prognostic factor for HCC. Our results indicated that UBA2 was associated with aggressive clinical behaviors and was a strong indicator of poor prognosis in HCC. In vitro experiments demonstrated that UBA2 accelerated cell growth, invasion, and migration. These results were further supported by in vivo experiments. RNA‐sequencing analysis indicated NQO1 as a target of UBA2, with its levels altering following UBA2 manipulation. The results were verified by western blotting (WB) and quantitative PCR. The SUMOplot Analysis Program predicted lysine residue K240 as a modification target of UBA2, which was confirmed by immunoprecipitation (IP) assays. Subsequent mutation of NQO1 at K240 in HCC cell lines and functional assays revealed the significance of this modification. In addition, the oncogenic effect of UBA2 could be reversed by the SUMO inhibitor ML792 in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, our study elucidated the regulatory mechanism of UBA2 in HCC and suggested that the SUMO inhibitor ML792 may be an effective combinatory treatment for patients with aberrant UBA2 expression.
Therapeutic potential and recent progression of BTK inhibitors against rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Paliwal Swati , Bawa Sandhya , Shalmali Nishtha , Tonk Rajiv K.
Published: July 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex chronic inflammatory illness that affects the entire physiology of human body. It has become one of the top causes of disability worldwide. The development and progression of RA involves a complex interplay between an individual's genetic background and various environmental factors. In order to effectively manage RA, a multidisciplinary approach is required, as this disease is complicated and its pathophysiological mechanism is not fully understood yet. In majority of arthritis patients, the presence of abnormal B cells and autoantibodies, primarily anti‐citrullinated peptide antibodies and rheumatoid factor affects the progression of RA. Therefore, drugs targeting B cells have now become a hot topic in the treatment of RA which is quite evident from the recent trends seen in the discovery of various B cell receptors (BCRs) targeting agents. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is one of these recent targets which play a role in the upstream phase of BCR signalling. BTK is an important enzyme that regulates the survival, proliferation, activation and differentiation of B‐lineage cells by preventing BCR activation, FC‐receptor signalling and osteoclast development. Several BTK inhibitors have been found to be effective against RA during the in vitro and in vivo studies conducted using diverse animal models. This review focuses on BTK inhibition mechanism and its possible impact on immune‐mediated disease, along with the types of RA currently being investigated, preclinical and clinical studies and future prospective.
MK2 inhibitor PF‐3644022 shows protective effect in mouse microglial N9 cell line induced with cigarette smoke extract
Authors: Asthana Shikha , Pandey Shivam Kumar , Gautam Avtar Singh , Singh Rakesh Kumar
Published: July 2024

Neuroinflammation is suggested as one of the potential links between CS‐induced neuronal dysfunction. Cigarette smoke (CS) is one of the significant contributors of neuroinflammation, consequently leading to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Microglia are the key resident macrophage cells in the brain with cell surface TLR4 receptor for responding to various stress signals. The CS constituents promote inflammation and oxidative stress in microglia leading to cytotoxicity through the TLR4‐MK2 axis. However, the role of MK2 kinase in CS‐induced microglial inflammation is not yet clearly understood. Therefore, we have used an MK2 inhibitor, PF‐3644022 to study modulation of CS‐extract induced oxidative and inflammatory signaling in a mouse microglial cell line, Furthermore, we also evaluated the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on a direct exposure of enzyme with CS. CS exposure led to microglial cytotoxicity and enhanced the level of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine release by microglial cells. The microglial cells pretreated with MK2 inhibitor, PF‐3644022 significantly reduced the levels of oxidative stress markers, proinflammatory markers, and improved the level of antioxidant proteins in these cells. In addition, direct exposure of CS showed reduction in the enzymatic activity of AChE.
Clinical and molecular characterization of limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy 2G/R7 in a large cohort of Brazilian patients
Authors: Gaviraghi Tobias , Cavalcanti Eduardo B. U. , Lorenzoni Paulo José , Cotta Ana , de Souza Paulo V. S. , de Oliveira André D. , de Moraes Maria T. , Marques Marcos V. O. , Donis Karina C. , Winckler Pablo B. , Costa e Silva Cynthia , Pinto Wladimir B. V. R. , Kay Cláudia S. K. , Ducci Renata D. , Rodrigues Paula R. V. P. , Fustes Otto J. H. , da Silva André M. S. , Zanoteli Edmar , França Marcondes C. , Sobreira Cláudia F. R. , Oliveira Acary S. B. , Carvalho Elmano H. T. , Scola Rosana H. , Carvalho Alzira A. S. , Saute Jonas Alex Morales
Published: July 2024

Limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2G/R7 (LGMD2G/R7) is an ultra‐rare condition initially identified within the Brazilian population. We aimed to expand clinical and genetic information about this disease, including its worldwide distribution. A multicenter historical cohort study was performed at 13 centers in Brazil in which data from index cases and their affected relatives from consecutive families with LGMD2G/R7 were reviewed from July 2017 to August 2023. Additionally, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify case reports and series of the disease worldwide. Forty‐one LGMD2G/R7 cases were described in the Brazilian cohort, being all subjects homozygous for the c.157C>T/(p.Gln53*) variant in TCAP. Survival curves showed that the median disease duration before individuals required walking aids was 21 years. Notably, women exhibited a slower disease progression, requiring walking aids 13 years later than men. LGMD2G/R7 was frequently reported not only in Brazil but also in China and Bulgaria, with 119 cases identified globally, with possible founder effects in the Brazilian, Eastern European, and Asian populations. These findings are pivotal in raising awareness of LGMD2G/R7, understanding its progression, and identifying potential modifiers. This can significantly contribute to the development of future natural history studies and clinical trials for this disease.
A predictive model combining connectomics and entropy biomarkers to discriminate long‐term vagus nerve stimulation efficacy for pediatric patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy
Authors: Cheng Tung‐yang , Hu Yingbing , Qin Xiaoya , Ma Jiayi , Zha Daqi , Xie Han , Ji Taoyun , Liu Qingzhu , Wang Zhiyan , Hao Hongwei , Wu Ye , Li Luming
Published: July 2024

Aims

To predict the vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) efficacy for pediatric drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) patients, we aim to identify preimplantation biomarkers through clinical features and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and thus establish a predictive model from a multi‐modal feature set with high prediction accuracy.

Methods

Sixty‐five pediatric DRE patients implanted with VNS were included and followed up. We explored the topological network and entropy features of preimplantation EEG signals to identify the biomarkers for VNS efficacy. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) integrated these biomarkers to distinguish the efficacy groups.

Results

The proportion of VNS responders was 58.5% (38/65) at the last follow‐up. In the analysis of parieto‐occipital α band activity, higher synchronization level and nodal efficiency were found in responders. The central‐frontal θ band activity showed significantly lower entropy in responders. The prediction model reached an accuracy of 81.5%, a precision of 80.1%, and an AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) of 0.838.

Conclusion

Our results revealed that, compared to nonresponders, VNS responders had a more efficient α band brain network, especially in the parieto‐occipital region, and less spectral complexity of θ brain activities in the central‐frontal region. We established a predictive model integrating both preimplantation clinical and EEG features and exhibited great potential for discriminating the VNS responders. This study contributed to the understanding of the VNS mechanism and improved the performance of the current predictive model.
Systolic blood pressure and early neurological deterioration in minor stroke: A post hoc analysis of ARAMIS trial
Authors: Cui Yu , Zhao Zi‐Ai , Wang Jia‐Qi , Qiu Si‐Qi , Shen Xin‐Yu , Li Ze‐Yu , Hu Hai‐Zhou , Chen Hui‐Sheng
Published: July 2024

Background

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was a predictor of early neurological deterioration (END) in stroke. We performed a secondary analysis of ARAMIS trial to investigate whether baseline SBP affects the effect of dual antiplatelet versus intravenous alteplase on END.

Methods

This post hoc analysis included patients in the as‐treated analysis set. According to SBP at admission, patients were divided into SBP ≥140 mmHg and SBP <140 mmHg subgroups. In each subgroup, patients were further classified into dual antiplatelet and intravenous alteplase treatment groups based on study drug actually received. Primary outcome was END, defined as an increase of ≥2 in the NIHSS score from baseline within 24 h. We investigated effect of dual antiplatelet vs intravenous alteplase on END in SBP subgroups and their interaction effect with subgroups.

Results

A total of 723 patients from as‐treated analysis set were included: 344 were assigned into dual antiplatelet group and 379 into intravenous alteplase group. For primary outcome, there was more treatment effect of dual antiplatelet in SBP ≥140 mmHg subgroup (adjusted RD, −5.2%; 95% CI, −8.2% to −2.3%; p < 0.001) and no effect in SBP <140 mmHg subgroup (adjusted RD, −0.1%; 95% CI, −8.0% to 7.7%; p = 0.97), but no significant interaction between subgroups was found (adjusted p = 0.20).

Conclusions

Among patients with minor nondisabling acute ischemic stroke, dual antiplatelet may be better than alteplase with respect to preventing END within 24 h when baseline SBP ≥140 mmHg.
Reduced hepatic impairment study to evaluate pharmacokinetics and safety of zavegepant and to inform dosing recommendation for hepatic impairment
Authors: Bhardwaj Rajinder , Donohue Mary K. , Madonia Jennifer , Morris Beth , Marbury Thomas C. , Matschke Kyle T. , Croop Robert , Bertz Richard , Liu Jing
Published: July 2024

Zavegepant, a high‐affinity, selective, small‐molecule calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist, is approved in the United States for acute treatment of migraine in adults. The effects of moderate hepatic impairment (8 participants with Child‐Pugh score 7–9 points) on the pharmacokinetics of a single 10‐mg intranasal dose of zavegepant versus eight matched participants with normal hepatic function were evaluated in a phase I study. Pharmacokinetic sampling determined total and unbound plasma zavegepant concentrations. Moderate hepatic impairment increased the exposure of total zavegepant (~2‐fold increase in AUC0–inf and 16% increase in Cmax) versus normal hepatic function, which is not considered clinically meaningful. The geometric least squares mean ratios (moderate impairment/normal) of plasma zavegepant AUC0−inf and Cmax were 193% (90% confidence interval [CI]: 112, 333; p = 0.051) and 116% (90% CI: 69, 195; p = 0.630), respectively. The geometric mean fraction unbound of zavegepant was similar for participants with moderate hepatic impairment (0.13; coefficient of variation [CV] 13.71%) versus those with normal hepatic function (0.11; CV 21.43%). Similar exposure findings were observed with unbound zavegepant versus normal hepatic function (~2.3‐fold increase in AUC0−inf and 39% increase in Cmax). One treatment‐emergent adverse event (mild, treatment‐related headache) was reported in a participant with normal hepatic function. No dosage adjustment of intranasal zavegepant is required in adults with mild or moderate hepatic impairment.
Impact of the adjunction of a short video to an original article for the recognition of newly described tumor entities in pathology: An interventional prospective study
Authors: Taillandier Antoine , Avry François , Miquelestorena‐Standley Elodie , Samimi Mahtab , de la Fouchardière Arnaud , Macagno Nicolas , Kervarrec Thibault
Published: July 2024

Context

Merkel cell carcinoma diagnosis is often based on microscopic examination by pathologists. While histopathologic diagnosis primarily hinges on conscious and analytical cognition, the pathologist's decision‐making process is also influenced by a rapid “gist” or “gestalt” approach. In this study, using cases of Merkel cell carcinoma as a model, we aim to assess how pathologists' viewing short videos containing conceptual clues and visual aids, in conjunction with reading an original article as a reference, may enhance their diagnostic performance.

Method

Sixteen pathologists were included in the present work. After participants had read the original article, their ability to distinguish Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)+ and MCPyV− Merkel cell carcinoma cases was evaluated on a first preliminary series of 20 cases. Following this test, the participants watched the video and then evaluated a second “experimental” series of 20 independent cases.

Results

After reading the original article, for each case, a median number of 12 participants (75%, Q1–Q3: 10–13) classified the specimen in the correct category (92 incorrect answers in the whole series). An important interobserver variability was observed in this setting (Kappa coefficient = 0.465). By contrast, following the video, all cases were correctly classified by most of the participants, with only 12 incorrect answers on the whole series and excellent interobserver reproducibility (Kappa coefficient = 0.846).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that providing a short video together with an original article may enhance pathologists' performance in diagnosing Merkel cell carcinoma.
UK research priority setting for childhood neurological conditions
Authors: Cadwgan Jill , Goodwin Jane , Babcock Barbara , Brick Molly , Chin Richard , Easton Ava , Green Ben , Hannan Siobhan , Inward Rhys P. D. , Kinsella Suzannah , King Callum , Kurian Manju A. , Levine Philip , Mallick Andrew , Parr Jeremy , Partridge Carol Anne , Amin Sam , Lumsden Dan , Cross J. Helen , Lim Ming J. ,   UK Childhood Neurological Disorders PSP Group
Published: July 2024

Aim

To identify research priorities regarding the effectiveness of interventions for children and young people (CYP) with childhood neurological conditions (CNCs). These include common conditions such as epilepsies and cerebral palsy, as well as many rare conditions.

Method

The National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) and the James Lind Alliance (JLA) champion and facilitate priority setting partnerships (PSPs) between patients, caregivers, and clinicians (stakeholders) to identify the most important unanswered questions for research (uncertainties). A NIHR–JLA and British Paediatric Neurology Association collaboration used the JLA PSP methodology. This consisted of two surveys to stakeholders: survey 1 (to identify uncertainties) and survey 2 (a prioritization survey). The final top 10 priorities were agreed by consensus in a stakeholder workshop.

Results

One hundred and thirty‐two charities and partner organizations were invited to participate. In survey 1, 701 participants (70% non‐clinicians, including CYP and parent and caregivers) submitted 1800 uncertainties from which 44 uncertainties were identified for prioritization in survey 2; from these, 1451 participants (83% non‐clinicians) selected their top 10 priorities. An unweighted amalgamated score across participant roles was used to select 26. In the final workshop, 14 health care professionals, 11 parent and caregivers, and two CYP ranked the 26 questions to finalize the top 10 priorities. Ten top priority questions were identified regarding interventions to treat CYP with CNCs and their associated comorbidities, for example, sleep, emotional well‐being, and distressing symptoms.

Interpretation

The results of this study will inform research into the effectiveness of interventions for children with neurological conditions.
Visceral fat mass dynamics in a 2‐year randomized STrength versus ENdurance training trial in people with obesity
Authors: Lehmann Stefanie , Retschlag Ulf , Oberbach Andreas , Morgenroth Roland , Linder Nicolas , Schaudinn Alexander , Garnov Nikita , Busse Harald , Solty Kilian , Prettin Christiane , Köppe‐Bauernfeind Nicole , Flehmig Gesine , Selig Lars , Trips Evelyn , Stumvoll Michael , Petroff David , Blüher Matthias
Published: July 2024

Aim

To compare the effectiveness of strength versus endurance training on reducing visceral fat in individuals with obesity.

Materials and Methods

For the STrength versus ENdurance (STEN) 24‐month randomized clinical trial, we assigned 239 participants with abdominal obesity to either strength or endurance training (two to three times a week, 60 min/training session) in addition to standard nutritional counselling to promote a healthy diet. Changes in abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area quantified by magnetic resonance imaging after 12 months were defined as a primary endpoint.

Results

Participants (aged 44 years, 74% women, body mass index: 37 kg/m2, mean VAT volume: 4050 cm3) had an approximately 50% retention rate and a 30% good training programme adherence at 12 months. There was no difference between strength and endurance training in VAT volume dynamics after 12 and 24 months (p = .13). Only in the good adherence group did we find a trend for reduced VAT volume in both training regimens. Independently of the exercise programme, there was a continuous trend for moderate loss of abdominal subcutaneous AT volume, body fat mass, body mass index and improved parameters of insulin sensitivity. Although parameters of physical fitness improved upon both exercise interventions, the dynamics of resting energy expenditure, glucose and lipid metabolism parameters were not different between the intervention groups and did not significantly improve during the 2‐year trial (p > .05).

Conclusions

Despite heterogeneous individual training responses, strength and endurance training neither affected VAT volume nor key secondary endpoints differently.
Bariatric surgery and all‐cause mortality: A methodological review of studies using a non‐surgical comparator
Authors: Suissa Karine , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Glynn Robert J. , Wexler Deborah J. , Suissa Samy , Paik Julie M. , Patorno Elisabetta
Published: July 2024

Aim

Non‐randomized studies on bariatric surgery have reported large reductions in mortality within 6‐12 months after surgery compared with non‐surgical patients. It is unclear whether these findings are the result of bias.

Study Design and Setting

We searched PubMed to identify all non‐randomized studies investigating the effect of bariatric surgery on all‐cause mortality compared with non‐surgical patients. We assessed these studies for potential confounding and time‐related biases. We conducted bias analyses to quantify the effect of these biases.

Results

We identified 21 cohort studies that met our inclusion criteria. Among those, 11 were affected by immortal time bias resulting from the misclassification or exclusion of relevant follow‐up time. Five studies were subject to potential confounding bias because of a lack of adjustment for body mass index (BMI). All studies used an inadequate comparator group that lacked indications for bariatric surgery. Bias analyses to correct for potential confounding from BMI shifted the effect estimates towards the null [reported hazard ratio (HR): 0.78 vs. bias‐adjusted HR: 0.92]. Bias analyses to correct for the presence of immortal time also shifted the effect estimates towards the null (adjustment for 2‐year wait time: reported HR: 0.57 vs. bias‐adjusted HR: 0.81).

Conclusion

Several important sources of bias were identified in non‐randomized studies of the effectiveness of bariatric surgery versus non‐surgical comparators on mortality. Future studies should ensure that confounding by BMI is accounted for, considering the choice of the comparator group, and that the design or analysis avoids immortal time bias from the misclassification or exclusion.
Fructooligosaccharides reverses hepatic vascular dysfunction and dysbiosis in rats with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension
Authors: Pun Chon Kit , Huang Hui‐Chun , Chang Ching‐Chih , Chuang Chiao‐Lin , Hsu Shao‐Jung , Hou Ming‐Chih , Lee Fa‐Yauh
Published: July 2024

Background

Portal hypertension leads to lethal complications in liver cirrhosis. Oxidative stress induced hepatic vascular dysfunction, which exaggerated vasoconstriction and increases hepatic vascular resistance (HVR). Gut dysbiosis further exacerbates portal hypertension. Fructooligosaccharides are prebiotics with potent antioxidant effect. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of fructooligosaccharides in portal hypertension‐related vascular dysregulation and gut microbiome.

Methods

Sprague–Dawley rats received bile duct ligation to induce cirrhosis or sham operation as controls. The rats then randomly received fructooligosaccharides or vehicle for 4 weeks. Experiments were performed on the 29th day after operations.

Results

Fructooligosaccharides did not affect portal pressure. Interestingly, fructooligosaccharides significantly attenuated HVR (p = .03). Malondialdehyde, an oxidative stress marker, reduced significantly in the liver in fructooligosaccharides‐treated group. In addition, superoxide dismutase and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity increased in the treatment group. On the other hand, vasodilatation‐related protein expressions, GTPCH and phospho‐eNOS, enhanced significantly. Fructooligosaccharides had no adverse vasodilatation effects on splanchnic vascular system or porto‐systemic collateral systems. Locomotor function was not affected by fructooligosaccharides. Faecal microbiota analysis showed that Negativicutes, Selenomonadales and Lactobacillus salivarius reduced in the fructooligosaccharides‐treated group.

Conclusion

In conclusion, fructooligosaccharides attenuate hepatic vascular dysfunction in cirrhotic rats via at least partly, ameliorate of dysbiosis and oxidative stress.
Digital impression perception among dental students in Saudi Arabia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ellakany Passent , Fouda Shaimaa M. , Al‐Dulaijan Yousif A. , Aly Nourhan M.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The use of digital dentistry is rapidly increasing in prosthodontics. However, most dental students are not familiar with applying digital technologies in dental clinics. Thus, the aim of the current study was to assess the perception of dental students at different educational years towards digital impressions in comparison to conventional impressions.

Materials and Methods

A cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study was conducted on various educational years of dental students in the College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, between February and April 2023. The students had performed at least one intraoral scan (Trios 3shape) and another conventional polyether impression for phantom casts/patients. The questionnaire assessed students' perceptions of digital impressions using a 5‐point scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare students' perceptions of digital impressions according to gender and educational year, respectively.

Results

The study included 122 students. About 55% were females with a mean (SD) age = 22.51 (3.36). Most students thought that digital impressions are faster and more user‐friendly compared to conventional impressions. Significantly more female students thought that the handpiece was too big for intraoral use (p = 0.04) and that the process of the software was time‐consuming and complicated. In general, higher educational year students were more satisfied with the digital impressions than lower educational year students.

Conclusions

Digital impressions were perceived by most students as being faster and easier than conventional ones. However, male students and those with higher educational years showed better perception of digital impression.
A resource dependence perspective on the business group effect in developed markets: Evidence from Western European firms
Authors: Sohl Timo , Hamelin Anaïs , Fitza Markus A.
Published: July 2024

Recent research shows that business groups matter in developed institutional settings. However, little is known about why business groups influence affiliate performance in such environments. Using a resource dependence lens, we explain how the business group effect may be contingent on a firm's industry environment. Consistent with a resource dependence perspective, our variance decomposition analysis of 3,733 firms in Western Europe (2006–2021) shows that the business group effect is significantly larger in less munificent and more complex industry environments. However, contrary to this perspective, our results also reveal that business groups matter more in less dynamic industry environments. Overall, by examining the importance of the industry environment in explaining how much business groups matter, this paper contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the business group effect in developed markets and provides several directions for future research in this domain.
Torture victims’ perspective on dental treatment: “Every sign you make, every move you take” – A qualitative study
Authors: Høyvik Ann Catrin , Willumsen Tiril , Lie Birgit , Hilden Per Kristian
Published: July 2024

Torture victims struggling with post‐traumatic stress often experience elements in the dental treatment situation that may trigger trauma‐related reactions. The aim of the study was to explore intervention strategies that will enable dental health workers to adapt dental treatment to the needs of torture survivors. Exploratory interviews were conducted with 10 torture‐exposed resettled refugees with dental treatment experience in Norway. The data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis, which suggested that to minimize trauma‐reactions, dental personnel should focus on creating a safe therapeutic space and strengthening the patient's sense of control. Four main categories of clinical advice were proposed: (i) Acquire knowledge about psychology, consequences of torture, cultural differences, trauma‐informed care, and the patients’ individual needs; (ii) Recognize the trigger‐potential of busyness or delays; (iii) Avoid surprises, such as sudden moves or actions and explore triggers individually, but make sure not to evoke images of interrogation, and; (iv) Provide overview both with respect to visibility in the clinical room, and to predictability regarding the dental treatment. Although undergoing dental treatment may be challenging for torture‐exposed individuals, it is possible to reduce the predicaments considerably by making feasible adaptions to the treatment and adopting a trauma‐informed approach.
The effect of massage on cramp frequency, cramp severity, and sleep quality of hemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Parlak Ayşe Gül , Akgün Şahin Zümrüt
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Leg muscle cramps and compromised sleep patterns are prevalent issues experienced by individuals undergoing hemodialysis treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of massage therapy on hemodialysis patients experiencing cramping, specifically focusing on the frequency and severity of cramps, as well as the quality of sleep.

Methods

This research involved 36 hemodialysis patients. The intervention group received intradialytic massage targeting the lower extremities, administered three times a week for a total of six sessions over a 2‐week period. Data collection utilized a Patient Information Form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Visual Analog Scale, and a Patient Follow‐Up Form.

Findings

The study revealed a significant reduction in both the frequency and severity of cramps experienced by patients in the intervention group during hemodialysis sessions and at home, from the end of one session to the beginning of the next, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This effect was observed over the course of six dialysis sessions. Additionally, there was a notable decrease in the mean total score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) among participants in the intervention group, declining from 9.00 ± 3.79 prior to massage therapy to 5.94 ± 2.84 post‐massage (p < 0.001). Conversely, no significant change was observed in the control group, highlighting a notable disparity between the intervention and control groups in terms of sleep quality improvement.

Discussion

The investigation revealed that employing intradialytic massage on the lower extremities led to a reduction in both the frequency and severity of cramps, while also eliciting a positive impact on the sleep quality of patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Pacifism and peace activism in modern Britain: A history of the ‘peace studies problem’
Authors: Reid Fiona
Published: July 2024

It is over 40 years since Ceadel defined interwar British pacifism as a ‘faith’. During that time, pacifism has had little political significance and the influential peace movement of the interwar years is now scarcely within living memory. Yet, what Margaret Thatcher once described as ‘the peace studies problem’ is a diverse and interdisciplinary field, and one in which scholarship, peace activism and mainstream politics are all closely intertwined. Feminist scholars and peace activists have queried the links between militarism and patriarchy; historians and ethicists have explored medical pacifism and have asked whether medicine is (or should be) a pacifist profession. More recently, scholars have looked at interwar pacifism through the lens of the Empire and have challenged the imperialist pacifist delusion. Despite pacifism's limited political influence, its history over the last 40 years has explored the beliefs and motivations of men and women struggling to respond to militarism and the threat of war.
Remittance as reactive transnationalism: The role of perceived unfairness among immigrants in South Korea
Authors: Yoo Nari , Jang Sou Hyun
Published: July 2024

Despite numerous studies on the economic transnational connections of immigrants, focusing mainly on remittances to their home countries, the remittance behaviours and related factors of immigrants in South Korea, a country experiencing increased racial and ethnic diversity, remain relatively understudied. Applying a resource‐dependent and reactive transnationalism framework, this study examines the associations between assimilation, human capital, and immigrants' remittance behaviours. Additionally, we investigate whether perceived unfairness moderates these relationships, reflecting reactive transnationalism. Utilizing data from a 2021 Survey on Immigrants' Living Conditions and Labor Force (N = 7981), we delve into various remitting behaviours, including remittance frequency, the share of monthly remittances in expenditures, and the total remittance amount. The independent variables include assimilation indicators (length of stay in Korea and intention to remain), human capital factors (education and income) and perceived unfairness in the workplace. Ordinary least squares and logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine these relationships. Our findings support both linear and resource‐dependent transnationalism: assimilation and human capital levels are associated with immigrants' remittance behaviours. However, the interaction between perceived unfairness and reactive transnationalism was observed specifically for human capital, indicating that immigrants with higher human capital are more responsive to unfairness and discrimination. As a result, they may want to increase their self‐esteem by sending money back to their home country. This study not only contributes to understanding immigrant remittance behaviours in South Korea but also highlights the conceptual significance of examining remittance behaviours through reactive transnationalism, particularly the critical role of perceived unfairness among highly skilled immigrants.
Comparison of vonoprazan bismuth‐containing triple therapy with quadruple therapy in Helicobacter pylori‐infected treatment‐naive patients: a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liang Jing Wen , Xiong Si , Jia Ye Gui , Xiao Dan , Tan Shi Yun , Cao Ji Wang , Sun Jun , Tian Xia , Li Shu Yu , Chen Rui Hong , Ruan Gui Zhen , Xiong Jian Guang , Wang Xiao Ming , Xu San Ping , Qi Li Ping , Liu Yun Hua , Zhao Yu Chong , Bai Shu Ya , Chen Wei , Cao Meng Die , Peng Wang , Li Yan Ling , Yang Yi Lei , Chen Shi Ru , Cui Hao Chen , Liu Lu Yao , Aruna  , Zhou Yi , Cheng Bin
Published: July 2024

Background and Aim

Helicobacter pylori infection is linked to various gastrointestinal conditions, such as chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Traditional treatment options encounter difficulties due to antibiotic resistance and adverse effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of a new treatment plan that combines vonoprazan (VPZ), amoxicillin, and bismuth for the eradication of H. pylori.

Methods

A total of 600 patients infected with H. pylori were recruited for this multicenter randomized controlled trial. Patients treated for H. pylori elimination were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to receive 14 days of vonoprazan‐based triple therapy (vonoprazan + amoxicillin + bismuth, group A) or standard quadruple therapy (esomeprazole + clarithromycin + amoxicillin + bismuth, group B). Compliance and adverse effects were tracked through daily medication and side effect records. All patients underwent a 13C/14C‐urea breath test 4 weeks after treatment completion.

Results

Intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analyses revealed no substantial differences in H. pylori eradication rates between groups A and B (ITT: 83.7% vs 83.2%; PP: 90.9% vs 89.7%). However, significant differences were observed in the assessment of side effects (13.7% vs 28.6%, P < 0.001). Specifically, group A had significantly fewer “bitter mouths” than group B did (3.7% vs 16.2%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Triple therapy comprising vonoprazan (20 mg), amoxicillin (750 mg), and bismuth potassium citrate (220 mg) achieved a PP eradication rate ≥90%, paralleling standard quadruple therapy, and had fewer adverse events and lower costs (¥306.8 vs ¥645.8) for treatment‐naive patients.
Shifting wood between material and energy use: Modeling the effects of substitution
Authors: Boiger Theresa , Mair‐Bauernfeind Claudia , Asada Raphael , Stern Tobias
Published: July 2024

Wood as a renewable material is relevant for climate change mitigation: Carbon sequestration in forests and carbon storage in harvested wood products (HWPs) contribute to carbon reduction in the atmosphere, and the substitution of carbon‐intensive products with wood products can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Since wood is a limited resource, it must be used efficiently and sustainably. Shifting wood from one application to another might result in decreased GHG emissions due to substitution effects. However, which wood application will lead to a GHG emission reduction is currently unknown. This study investigates the effects of shifting wood between applications and the resulting substitution effects from a system perspective. A system dynamics model describes the wood utilization system of Austria, including the value chains from the forest to wood‐processing industries and the substitution that takes place in these industries. These value chains are associated with the global warming potential. Seven wood utilization scenarios shifting between material use and use for energy are simulated. The results show that wood shifts lead to both a substitution effect (emission reduction) in industries where wood utilization is increased and a counter effect (emission increase) where wood is replaced. The two effects potentially outweigh each other partly, leading to comparatively small net effects. However, carbon sequestration in HWPs and future changes in substitution effects might lead to additional effects. To substantially contribute to climate change mitigation, alternatives other than shifting wood between material and energy value chains need to be found within the wood utilization system.
Does Dividend Policy Lead the Economy?
Authors: MAIO PAULO
Published: July 2024

I investigate the predictive role of the aggregate dividend–payout ratio () for future economic activity. A vector‐autoregression‐based variance decomposition shows that the main driving force of is long‐run predictability of earnings growth, with dividend growth predictability assuming a secondary role. Consistent with this result, long‐horizon regressions indicate that is a significant predictor, especially at intermediate and long forecasting horizons, of future aggregate business conditions. Critically, outperforms several popular equity and bond predictors from the literature. The predictive ability of remains robust in an out‐of‐sample forecasting analysis. Overall, conveys important information about the economy.
SH‐SY5Y cells undergo changes in peroxisomal metabolism when exposed to decanoic acid
Authors: Baldwin Tomas , Clayton Peter , Rutherford Tricia , Heales Simon , Eaton Simon
Published: July 2024

Medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs), particularly decanoic acid (C10) and octanoic acid (C8), have garnered attention in recent years for their potential antiepileptic properties. A previous study from our laboratory demonstrated that C10 targets the PPARγ nuclear receptor, increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase and thereby possibly modulating peroxisomal content. Here, we examined markers of peroxisomal content and activity in response to C10 and C8 exposure in neuronal‐like SH‐SY5Y cells. SH‐SY5Y were treated with 250 mM C10 or C8 for a period of 6 days. Following this, biochemical markers of peroxisomal content and function were assessed, including acyl‐coA oxidase activity, peroxisomal gene expression and peroxisomal VLCFA β‐oxidation. Our findings revealed that C10 treatment augments acyl‐CoA oxidase 1 (ACOx1) activity by 129% in comparison to control cells. An exploration into genes related to peroxisomal biosynthesis showed 23% increased expression of PEX11α upon C10 exposure, implying peroxisomal proliferation. Furthermore, it was observed that C10 exposure not only elevated ACOx1 activity but also enhanced peroxisomal β‐oxidation of docosanoic acid (C22). Our findings bolster the premise that C10 functions as a peroxisome proliferator, influencing peroxisomal content and function. Further investigations are required to fully understand the mechanistic details as to how this may be beneficial in epilepsy and the potential implications with regards to peroxisomal disease.

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‘LinkedIn, LinkedIn on the screen, who is the greatest and smartest ever seen?’: A machine learning approach using valid LinkedIn cues to predict narcissism and intelligence
Authors: Härtel Tobias M. , Schuler Benedikt A. , Back Mitja D.
Published: July 2024

Recruiters routinely use LinkedIn profiles to infer applicants' individual traits like narcissism and intelligence, two key traits in online network and organizational contexts. However, little is known about LinkedIn profiles' predictive potential to accurately infer individual traits. According to Brunswik's lens model, accurate trait inferences depend on (a) the presence of valid cues in LinkedIn profiles containing information about users' individual traits and (b) the sensitive and consistent utilization of valid cues. We assessed narcissism (self‐report) and intelligence (aptitude tests) in a sample of 406 LinkedIn users along with 64 LinkedIn cues (coded by three trained coders) that we derived from trait theory and previous empirical findings. We used a transparent, easy‐to‐interpret machine learning algorithm leveraging practical application potentials (elastic net) and applied state‐of‐the‐art resampling techniques (nested cross‐validation) to ensure robust results. Thereby, we uncover LinkedIn profiles' predictive potential: (a) LinkedIn profiles contain valid information about narcissism (e.g. uploading a background picture) and intelligence (e.g. listing many accomplishments), and (b) the elastic nets sensitively and consistently using these valid cues attain prediction accuracy (r = .35/.41 for narcissism/intelligence). The results have practical implications for improving recruiters' accuracy and foreshadow potentials and limitations of automated LinkedIn‐based assessments for selection purposes.
A Cross‐Sectional Nationwide Study of Australians' Health: Are There Differences in Health‐Related Behaviors and Psychological Distress Between Teachers and Other Occupations?
Authors: Corbett Lucy , Van Buskirk Joe , Phongsavan Philayrath , Bauman Adrian
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Teachers' health behaviors and mental well‐being are important for their chronic disease risk and reducing burnout. This study investigates the health‐related behaviors and psychological distress of Australian teachers compared with other occupations.

METHODS

Data from the nationally representative Australian National Health Survey (NHS) were analyzed. Employed adults (20‐64 years) from 2014/2015 (n = 8455), 2017/2018 (n = 9130), and 2020/2021 (n = 5753) survey waves were included. Logistic regression, adjusted for demographics, compared health‐related behaviors (eg, physical activity, diet), and psychological distress among teachers, nonteacher professionals (NTPs; eg, accountants, doctors), and other general occupations (eg, laborers, beauticians).

RESULTS

After adjusting for demographics and survey wave, teachers had similar odds as NTPs for meeting physical activity (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.90‐1.41), vegetable intake (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.52‐1.00), and alcohol consumption (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.83‐1.22) guidelines. However, teachers exhibited higher psychological distress (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.01‐1.75). Elevated psychological distress levels were observed in all groups in 2020/2021, compared with pre‐COVID‐19.

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with NTPs, teachers showed similar or better health‐related behaviors, although teachers had higher levels of psychological distress. School executives and policymakers need to implement sustainable measures to prioritise teachers' mental wellbeing.
A novel model of care for paediatric patients with developmental disabilities and associated behaviours of concern
Authors: Efron Daryl , Fowler James , Cull Emily , Noakes Kirsten , Wilkin Claire , Haslam Ric
Published: July 2024

Aim

Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and/or intellectual disability often present to emergency departments with behaviours of concern: irritability, aggression and self‐injurious behaviour. The objective of this study was to design, implement and evaluate a new model of care to support these patients and their families following presentation to reduce the need for re‐presentation.

Methods

We designed and evaluated a new model of care for these patients, comprising consultations with a developmental paediatrician and a child psychiatrist, referral to a specialist behavioural service and 6 weeks of care coordination by a clinical nurse consultant. Using a quality improvement framework, iterative improvements were made to the model via a series of plan–do–study–act cycles. Re‐presentation rates were compared with a control group of patients who presented with behaviours of concern but were not recruited into the study. Participating families and treating clinicians were surveyed at 2 and 6 weeks post‐enrolment to gather qualitative feedback about their experience of the model.

Results

A total of 31 families participated in the study. Three‐ and 6‐month re‐presentation rates were 48.7% and 36.3% lower than the control group. Qualitative evaluation of the model by both families and clinicians was positive. The model was feasible and acceptable. Families reported feeling heard and understood, and that the intervention was helpful and provided a positive path forwards.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that a simple model of care can be successfully implemented and provide meaningful benefits for families of children with behaviours of concern, including reduced crisis‐oriented help‐seeking.