bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFIKASI MENGAJAR GURU ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Ma'mun Muflih , Kurniady Dedy Achmad , Suharto Nugraha
Published: June 2023

Efikasi mengajar guru merupakan aspek penting dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat efikasi mengajar guru anak usia dini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan survei terhadap mahasiswa program studi pendidikan anak usia dini di STAI Darul Falah yang sudah mengajar sebanyak 27 orang. Hasil penelitian diperoleh gambaran bahwa tingkat efikasi mengajar PAUD pada aspek personal teaching efficacy termasuk pada level sedang, dan pada general teaching efficacy termasuk pada level baik. Untuk meningkatkan efikasi mengajar, dapat dilakukan dengan pengembangan kompetensi (seminar, workshop, pelatihan, dll) atau dengan melaksanakan lesson study di sekolah.
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMENUHAN FASILITAS PENDIDIKAN DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Wulansari Sri , Gaffar Mohammad Fakry , Komariah Aan , Suryadi Suryadi
Published: June 2023

ABSTRAK

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengekspolasi secara mendalam partisipasi masyarakat dalam pemenuhan fasilitas pendidikan di Sekolah Dasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SDN Cicalengka 4 Bandung. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan lima kategori partisipasi masayarakat dalam pemenuhan fasilitas pendidikan, yaitu penyedia fasilitas, pengawas pembangunan, peran komite sekolah, Partisipasi tenaga, partisipasi dana. Dari lima peran tersebut, maka peran komite sekolah tentu akan berdampak besar dalam pemenuhan fasilitas pendidikan jika difungsikan secara maksimal.

Kata Kunci : Fasilitas Pendidikan, Komite Sekolah, Ruang Kelas Baru (RKB).

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research is to deeply extrapolate community participation in the fulfillment of educational facilities in elementary schools. The research method used is qualitative method with case study approach. Data collection is done with interviews and documentation studies. This research was conducted at SDN Cicalengka 4 Bandung. The results describe five categories of community participation in the fulfillment of educational facilities, namely facility providers, development supervisors, the role of school committees, labor participation, fund participation. Of the five roles, the role of the school committee will certainly have a big impact in the fulfillment of educational facilities if functioned to the maximum.

Keyword: Educational Facilities, School committees, New classroom.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PELATIHAN JABATAN PENGAWAS APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA
Authors: Suhendar Ade , Gaffar Mohammad Fakry , Yuniarsih Tjutju , Suryana Asep
Published: June 2023

ABSTRAK

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pelatihan pejabat pengawas aparatur sipil negara yang dilaksanakan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Pusat Pelatihan, Pengembangan dan Pemetaan Kompetensi ASN (Puslatbang PKASN) Lembaga Administrasi Negara Bandung. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan dua sub bahsan, yaitu kebijakan program pelatihan dan pelaksanaan program pelatihan. Implementasi program pelatihan pejabat pengawas sudah sesuai denga aturan, namun masih ada yang perlu diperbaiki terutama dalam efektivitas pelaksanaan dan output yang dihasilkan. Sehingga program pelatihan ini dapat berjalan sesuai dengan rencana dan memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan kinerja ASN di instansi masing-masing.

Kata Kunci : Fasilitas Pendidikan, Komite Sekolah, Ruang Kelas Baru (RKB).

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research is to deeply extrapolate community participation in the fulfillment of educational facilities in elementary schools. The research method used is qualitative method with case study approach. Data collection is done with interviews and documentation studies. This research was conducted at SDN Cicalengka 4 Bandung. The results describe five categories of community participation in the fulfillment of educational facilities, namely facility providers, development supervisors, the role of school committees, labor participation, fund participation. Of the five roles, the role of the school committee will certainly have a big impact in the fulfillment of educational facilities if functioned to the maximum.

Keyword: Educational Facilities, School committees, New classroom.
PENGARUH TAFSIR DAN KONDISI SOSIAL TAFSIR AHMAD HASSAN BANDUNG DALAM KHAZANAH KEILMUAN TAFSIR DI INDONESIA
Authors: Awaluddin Raisa Zuhra Salsabila , Pangestu Aldy
Published: June 2023

ABSTRAK
Hasil dari artikel ini mengenai pengaruh nasionalisme yang pada mulanya muncul di Amerika dan Eropa Barat, di Indonesia sendiri muncul karena faktor imperalisme dan kolonialisme. Hal itu membuat Ahmad Hassan masuk ke sebuah partai politik Persis (Persatuan Islam) untuk menolak Nasionalisme, dan andil dalam mengkritik Soekarno sebagai bapak nasionalisme modern. Hassan berargumen bahwa Nasionalisme turut memisahkan Indonesia dengan Alquran dengan kata lain agama hanya sebagai pandangan politik baginya. Pengaruh sosial-intelektual ikut memengaruhi Tafsir Ahmad Hassan. Tujuan dalam artikel ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh tafsir dan kondisi sosial yang terjadi di zaman Ahmad Hassan. Metode yang digunakan adalah menggunakan Penelitian Pustaka (library research) karena sumber yang digunakan adalah buku-buku, artikel-artikel yang berkenaan dengan Ahmad Hassan. Pengaruh tafsir Ahmad Hassan terhadap sebuah karya Indonesia membawa warna baru pada khazanah kajian tafsir Bahasa Indonesia, di mana tafsir bahasa Indonesia semula menggunakan aksara pegon, sedangkan tafsir ini menggunakan huruf latin. Kejumudan masyarakat di zamannya hanya berpedoman dengan Tafsir Jalalain, membuat pengaruh penting dalam kelahiran tafsir Ahmad Hassan.
Kata Kunci : Tafsir Ahmad Hassan, Pengaruh Tafsir, Kondisi Sosial
ABSTRACT
The result of this article is about the influence of nationalism that initially appeared in America and Western Europe and in Indonesia arose due to imperalism and colonialism. This led Ahmad Hassan to join a political party Persis (Persatuan Islam) to reject Nationalism, and criticized Sukarno as the father of modern nationalism. Hassan argued that Nationalism also separates Indonesia from the Qur'an that in other words religion is only a political view. The purpose of this article is to find out the influence of interpretation and social conditions that occurred in the time of Ahmad Hassan. The method used is to use Library Research because the sources used are books, articles related to Ahmad Hassan. Socio-intellectual influences also influenced Ahmad Hassan's Tafsir. The influence of Ahmad Hassan's Tafsir that appeared in Indonesia brought a new color in the scientific treasures of tafsir in Indonesia, which at first the interpretation in Indonesia used the pegon script, while this interpretation used Latin letters. The people of his day were guided only by the Tafsir Jalalain, making an important influence in the birth of Ahmad Hassan's interpretation.
Keyword: Ahmad Hassan's Tafsir, The Influence of Tafsir, Social Conditions
The Effect of Work Environment Condition and Job Satisfaction on Employees Engagement and Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Non-Medical Workers
Authors: Sutarya Dina Silvia , Suryani Dini , Akbar Muhammad Fauzul , Prasetyaningtyas Sekar Wulan
Published: June 2023

This study uses to describe the Work Environment Condition, Job Satisfaction and Employee Engagement on OCB in hospitals in Banjarbaru city. The purpose of this paper is to find out how big the impact of Work Environment Condition and job satisfaction on Employees Engagement and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the health industry, especially in Banjarbaru City. The type of data that researchers collect for this study is use quantitative research and researcher examines the relationship of each variable to be hypothesized, and finds out whether the variable is influenced by other variables. This study used data collection techniques with the likert scale method. Population in this study were non-medical employees at the Banjarbaru City Hospitals. This study used PLS with boothstrap resampling methodology to test hypotheses. The test result of this analysis shows that all variables have an impact on another one. Then it can be concluded, organizations that are able to build OCB attitudes towards their employees tend to be better in terms of performance because non-medical employees work wholeheartedly in providing services so that hospitals need to reward non-medical employees with good performance so that they feel satisfied in their work.
Analysis of VAT elasticity in Benelux countries
Authors: Inđić Milica , Đaković Miloš , Zelenović Vera
Published: June 2023

Value added tax is a significant tax form worldwide. The importance of this tax is manifested in the scope, stability and efficiency of revenue collection. With respect to macroeconomic conditions and challenges, fiscal authorities have to pay attention to the elasticity of VAT revenues. The paper is aimed at identifying VAT elasticity in the Benelux countries, as well as determining the main macroeconomic factors that affect the changes in VAT elasticity. Empirical results have shown the presence of VAT elasticity in the Benelux countries, as well as a statistically significant impact of gross domestic product, final consumption, unemployment, inflation, government expenditures and standard VAT rate on VAT elasticity for the period 2011-2022.
Local population attitudes towards the impact of tourism on the economic development of rural areas in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Podovac Milena
Published: June 2023

Local population represents one of the most important interest groups in tourism development. Attitudes, as well as the local population involvement in a certain area, largely predetermine the development of tourism. The aim of the paper is to perceive the attitudes of local population about the impact of tourism on the economic development of rural areas in the Republic of Serbia, because it has been proven in previous research that it can have a significant impact on the development of this strategically important activity. The paper also examines the influence of demographic characteristics on the attitudes of the local population about the impact of tourism on the economic development of rural areas of the Republic of Serbia. The research sample included 340 respondents, who live in rural areas of the Republic of Serbia. Descriptive statistical analysis, independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to process the collected data. The research results suggest that the impact of tourism on income, the creation of new business opportunities and the increase in demand for local products are rated as the most important by the rural population of the Republic of Serbia. It was also determined that of all other demographic characteristics, education partially affects the differences that exist in the attitudes of the local population regarding the impact of tourism on the economic development of rural areas of the Republic of Serbia. The differences shown are related to the tourism impact on increasing the number of jobs, incomes, demand for local products and on the rural economy diversification. The obtained results can contribute to the defining of the tourism development strategy for the rural areas of the Republic of Serbia with the aim of improving the quality of life of the local community and diversifying the rural economy with the development of this activity.
Application of mathematical methods and models in economics
Authors: Petrović Nevena , Ivaniš Miloš , Soleša Dimitrije
Published: June 2023

The development of the mathematical basis of methods for model construction in various fields of science and technology today is very intensive and interdisciplinary. From the perspective of quantitative optimization methods, mathematical models of processes are of the utmost importance, whereby these can be generally represented in the form of linear algebraic equations or equivalent representations. Within the procedure of defining assumptions and adopting a process model, the problem formulation is conducted, whereby this refers to determining the level of problem decomposition and the level of detail in which the problem will be solved. The procedure of mathematical model determination, based on a process model, involves constructing a specific model that shows the relationships between the variables which describe the process, as well as the criterion of the solution effectiveness. The field of operations research that deals with this type of models is mathematical programming. Mathematical programming models represent a class of optimization models due to the fact that their goal is finding optimal solutions to problems. Analogously, the basic feature of today's modern economy is the penetration of mathematical methods into the essence of all economic research. In this context, the main aim of this paper is to point out the growing importance of the application of mathematical techniques, methods and models in economics as a science, as their proper application in economics can reduce many ambiguities in economic theory and practice.
Principles of environmental law in the function of prevention of environmental risks
Authors: Kovačević Maja , Živanov-Gardašević Jovana
Published: June 2023

In recent decades, special attention has been devoted to the protection and improvement of the environment, and efforts are being made to adopt and implement appropriate laws, regulations, measures, etc. Due to the fact that the right to a healthy environment is one of the basic human rights, the subject of research in the paper is an analysis of the concept, principles and instruments of environmental protection, with the aim of pointing out the basic principles and postulates, as well as bringing the level of competitiveness into relation countries with regulations in this area. The research showed that the principles in the field of environmental protection and their systematization represent the basis and that further improvement is necessary. It is necessary to become aware of the responsibility of individuals and society as a whole and work to overcome the interests of individuals.
Cancer-specific survival in patients with upper tract urothelium carcinoma after radical nephroureterectomy
Authors: Dragičević Dejan , Milojević Bogomir
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Identifying prognostic factors is essential for proper postoperative patient monitoring with upper urinary tract carcinoma, that would contribute to the decision-making process regarding the application of adjuvant chemotherapy after radical nephroureterectomy. Aim: To investigate demographic, clinical, and pathological prognostic factors of cancer-specific survival (CSS) for upper urothelial tumors. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including 342 patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy. Kaplan-Meier method and LogRank test were used to assess survival. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the impact of different factors on cancer-specific survival after radical nephroureterectomy. Results: The study cohort consisted of 342 patients, with a mean follow-up time after radical nephroureterectomy of 32.5 (6-154) months. The 5-year CSS was 64% for this patient cohort. During the follow-up period, a total of 128 (37.4%) patients died, including 92 (28.2%) patients who died due to urothelial carcinoma. Multivariate analysis showed that the pathological stage of the primary tumor (HR, 11.1; 95% CI 3.64-33.8; P=0.001), presence of positive lymph nodes (HR, 2.04; 95% CI 1.05-3.94; P=0.03) and preoperative anemia (HR, 3.50; 95% CI 2.02-6.08; P=0.001) were independent predictors significantly associated with worse CSS. Patients with disease stage ≤ pT2 had significantly better CSS compared to patients with disease stage ≥ pT3 (P=0.001, Log-Rank test). The average CSS for patients with positive lymph nodes (pN+) was 22.1 ± 5.1 months (95% confidence interval from 12.1-32.2). Conclusion: Preoperative anemia, pathological disease stage, and presence of positive lymph nodes are significant independent prognostic predictors of CSS in patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).
Metabolic neutral nephroprotective antihypertensive drugs: Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers
Authors: Pandrc Milena , Kostovski Vanja
Published: June 2023

Although the response to antihypertensive therapy is individual, almost all antihypertensives reduce arterial pressure by 10-15%. From the analysis of the effectiveness of antihypertensives, both in monotherapy and comedication in patients with multiple comorbidities, through clinical studies and real-world data, it is concluded that beta blockers and calcium channel blockers have been proven to be effective and safe in all groups of patients. This comprehensive efficacy, with the optimal profile of side effects, results from proven efficacy in primary and secondary prevention of adverse cardiovascular events, impact on the sympathetic nervous system with nephroprotection, and metabolic neutrality.
New recommendations of the American Association of Anesthesiology (2022) for the management of difficult airway
Authors: Tošković Anka , Nikolovski Sotir , Kalezić Nevena
Published: June 2023

Difficulty establishing an airway and lung ventilation is one of the most urgent conditions in medicine, which can lead to severe complications, including permanent neurological damage and death. To facilitate handling this difficult clinical situation, various guides and recommendations were created to increase patient safety, help doctors, and protect them from criminal liability. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) issued new recommendations in 2022, which cover all segments of this problem, starting with the clear definition of different clinical situations (difficult laryngoscopy, difficult tracheal intubation, difficult face mask ventilation, difficult placement supra, and infraglottic means), through recommendations for the preparation of care for difficult airway, to algorithms and strategies for solving anticipated and unanticipated difficult airway. The paper presents the most important aspects of the mentioned segments of the new ASA recommendations, as well as their comparison with previous ASA recommendations and recommendations of other associations.
Duration of the phone call in wrong connection to 194 operator
Authors: Živanović Slavoljub
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Time is an essential category in the Emergency Department. The phone call duration, with the person who's calling, should be optimal in order to make sound decisions. If the phone call is due to a wrong number it should be made as shorter as possible. Objective: We aimed to show how long the conversations with the caller lasted, for calls that were qualified as having the wrong connection. Method. We used the electronic phone call database (194/94) for 2009. The data were put in a spreadsheet (Excel table) where they were sorted and researched. Out of the total of 739.742 calls we singled out 93.393, which makes 12.62%, and they were classified as the wrong connection. Due to the great variability in the upper scale of the values we cut the base for 5% of the shortest and longest calls. After the database cut 84.053 calls remained. The phone call duration was measured from the moment the receiver was picked up to the moment the line was disconnected. Results. Analyzing 84.053 wrong connections we came up with these results: minimal phone call duration was 6 seconds and maximal 194 seconds, with mean value of 30.28 seconds. Discussion. The number of wrong connections is huge in Emergency Departments all around the world (fire brigades, police, medical emergency) but there are no valid data on the time spent on those calls. Conclusion. Phone calls with wrong connection last too long. Therefore, operators and callers should be well educated.
Healthcare workers' motivation in preventive activities
Authors: Trifunović Boban , Fišeković-Kremić Marina
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Successful implementation of all activities, especially in the area of preventive medicine, healthcare institutions may accomplish only if their employees are highly motivated and properly rewarded for their work. The best motivational system should be designed so the employees get the rewards that matter to them. That is why research into the motives and needs of employees appears as a necessary prerequisite for the effectiveness of motivation. Objective. We aimed at examining the most important motivational factors for preventive activities in healthcare workers. Method. The research was conducted, as a case study, in the Primary Healthcare Center (PHC), Golubac from December 2019 to December 2020. We analyzed the results of the preventive activities of healthcare workers from the PHC Golubac during project activities in 2020 and compared them to the results from 2018. Employees' attitudes towards motivational factors were analyzed based on the conducted individual interviews and surveys. Results. The results of preventive actions in 2020, through project activities, were significantly better than those in 2018. The diabetes screening response was 42%, the realization of blood pressure measuring in diabetic patients was 58%, and HbA1c was measured in 34% of diabetics in 2020. In 2018 screening realization was 15%, blood pressure was measured in 50% of diabetics, and HbA1C in 10%. The most important motivational factors for healthcare workers were the importance of preventive activities for the people's health, the participation of the manager as the project leader, the equipment gained during the project that will improve their work, clearly defined goals, and personal responsibility for the project's success. Conclusion. The motivation of healthcare workers is of great importance for the successful implementation of preventive activities. Our research provides information for healthcare managers on ways to improve their employees' motivation.
Risk assessment for type 2 diabetes mellitus in the municipality of Golubac
Authors: Trifunović Boban , Fišeković-Kremić Marina
Published: June 2023

Introduction. There are approximately 17.000 new cases of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) in Serbia each year. A third of the newly diagnosed already has some late disease complications and almost half of them are over 65. Objective. We aimed at determining the level and risk factors for DM2 in respondents of different gender, age, and lifestyle in the Municipality of Golubac. Method. The study was conducted using the DM2 questionnaire. The sample had 404 participants who were screened in the Municipality of Golubac. Significant statisti-cal methods were used in the study: frequency, t-test, ANOVA test, and correlation analysis. Results. The study showed the majority of participants (40.1%) had slightly elevated risk for DM2, high risk was found in 14.9%, and very high risk in 3.2%. Moderate risk was found in 27.5% of the participants and 14.4% had low risk. Women had a higher percentage of high and very high risk for DM2 than men but no statistically significant difference was found between men and women concerning the risk of developing the disease. With age, as well as obesity, the risk for DM2 increases. The participants who practiced regular physical activity, as well as those who regularly consumed fruits and vegetables, had a lower risk for DM2. Conclusion. The study showed almost every fifth participant had a high or very high risk for DM2, 81.7% were overweight, and 75% had previously diagnosed cardiovascular problems. Registration of persons with an elevated risk for DM2 and further follow-up is a very important task for GPs (general practitioners).
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Toljić Branka , Stojanović-Ristić Snežana
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disease distinguished by clonal replication and piling of immature lymphoid cells in the bone marrow and lymph organs. The etiology is unknown but radiation and some chemical exposure, as well as genetics, might play a role. The disease onset is abrupt. Clinical presentation is characterized by a variety of general symptoms: fatigue, malaise, night sweats, weight loss, fever. The diagnosis is based on a patient's history, physical examination, blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, cytogenetic, and immunohistochemical tests. Core treatments are poly-chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Case report. We presented a 20-year-old patient. On his first visit, he complained of neck pain. He was treated by a physiotherapist. After he finished with physical therapy we noticed pancytopenia in his lab work. His general practitioner (GP) referred him to a hematologist where further medical examinations were performed and ALL diagnosis was made. The treatment started with a chemotherapy regimen. An allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed afterward. In the follow-up, regular haematologic assessments were done, as well as, the assessment of MRD (Minimal Residual Disease). Complete morphologic remission was maintained the whole time but with positive MRD findings. He received an antiCD22 monoclonal antibody therapy and the therapeutic response was good. Eight months later B-ALL relapse was confirmed. The patient's general condition got worse and in spite of an intensive therapy the patient died. Conclusion. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a disease whose outcome depends on many a factor. Due to atypical symptoms, it should be taken into consideration to shorten the time to diagnosis, provide timely treatment and thus influence the disease outcome.
Gestión del aprendizaje autónomo en los espacios virtuales
Authors: Casas Montenegro Jesús Martín , Narumi Guerra Sialer Juana Isabel , Sáenz Flores María Del Rosario , Paiva Jurupe Karina Del Milagro , Rodas Torres Lucy Reineria
Published: June 2023

A partir de la pandemia de la COVID-19, los sistemas educativos de muchos países se vieron en la necesidad de pasar a la virtualidad los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje. Si bien los gobiernos implementaron programas para promover los aprendizajes desde lo virtual, estos no han tenido el éxito deseado ya que los estudiantes no han podido desarrollar sus competencias. Esto ha evidenciado la urgencia de fortalecer la autonomía de los estudiantes para aprender a aprender, siendo este el propósito del presente trabajo que permita contribuir con el logro de aprendizajes significativos dentro de la enseñanza virtual. Este trabajo analiza diversos modelos para desarrollar el aprendizaje autorregulado (aprendizaje autónomo) llegando a la conclusión que, en la virtualidad, el elemento clave es la motivación al estudiante por aprender. A esto se le debe sumar el enseñar estrategias metacognitivas y el desarrollar la parte emocional. Para lograr esto, el docente debe estar bien capacitado en la parte digital y emocional para retroalimentar a su estudiante e involucrar a los padres. Se empleó el método exploratorio bibliográfico, recogiendo información precisa y útil que aporte a todos los maestros del mundo.
PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND MEDICINAL USES OF CARICA PAPAYA (LINN.): A REVIEW
Authors:   College of Biotechnology, DUVASU, Mathura, India (281001), Sharma Shweta , Tiwari Akshita ,   College of Biotechnology, DUVASU, Mathura, India (281001)
Published: June 2023

The plant world is the gold mine of contemporary medicine because of the abundance of bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites it contains. In fact, it is a therapeutic and preventative dietary supplement that helps the body resist disease and age more gracefully. The papaya (Carica papaya L.), featured above, is an associate of the Caricaceae family and is widely regarded for its useful nutritional and therapeutic benefits around the world. Papaya's nutritional and medicinal value comes from its many parts, including its leaves, roots, skin, fruit, and seeds. It thrives in warm, humid climates and is widely distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. This review aims to synthesize, by the end of 2022, data on papaya's functional activity culled from electronic sources, including Dimensions, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Science Direct. Papaya is a good dietary supplement because of the wealth of research detailing the plant's utilization of many medicinal chemicals. Numerous vitamins, minerals, and enzymes, including papain, glycylendopeptidase, chymopapain, and caricain, can be found in plant extracts, notably those made from the fruits and leaves. These chemicals have anticancer actions; reduce inflammation, hyperglycemia, infertility, hypertension problems, and more thanks to their intriguing nutraceutical qualities. Papaya seeds peel, and leave have medical promise, but additional study is needed to determine dosage, mechanism of action, and safety profile. Therefore, this review urges the implementation of public health awareness initiatives to encourage the consumption of papaya so that the general public can reap the fruit's full potential in preventing and treating disease. Keywords : Nutraceuticals, Carica papaya, Anticancer, Antimicrobial, Phytochemicals, Traditional medical system, Bio-pharmacological potency
Role of endoscopy in patients with achalasia
Authors: Han So Young , Youn Young Hoon
Published: June 2023

Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by impaired lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and peristalsis of the esophageal body. With the increasing prevalence of achalasia, interest in the role of endoscopy in its diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring is also growing. The major diagnostic modalities for achalasia include high-resolution manometry, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and barium esophagography. Endoscopic assessment is important for early diagnosis to rule out diseases that mimic achalasia symptoms, such as pseudo-achalasia, esophageal cancer, esophageal webs, and eosinophilic esophagitis. The major endoscopic characteristics suggestive of achalasia include a widened esophageal lumen and food residue in the esophagus. Once diagnosed, achalasia can be treated either endoscopically or surgically. The preference for endoscopic treatment is increasing owing to its minimal invasiveness. Botulinum toxins, pneumatic balloon dilation, and peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) are important endoscopic treatments. Previous studies have demonstrated excellent treatment outcomes for POEM, with >95% improvement in dysphagia, making POEM the mainstay treatment option for achalasia. Several studies have reported an increased risk of esophageal cancer in patients with achalasia. However, routine endoscopic surveillance remains controversial owing to the lack of sufficient data. Further studies on surveillance methods and duration are warranted to establish concordant guidelines for the endoscopic surveillance of achalasia.
Assessing the Relationships Between Paranormal Beliefs, Higher-Order Cognitive Processes, Delusions, and Hallucinations in A Non-Clinical Population
Authors: Katsigianni Sofia
Published: June 2023

Previous studies suggest that paranormal beliefs, cognitive processes, and psychotic-like experiences are correlated. To further explore this connection, research was conducted to examine whether paranormal beliefs were correlated with, or predicted by executive functioning, metacognition, delusions, and hallucinations. A convenience sample of 180 people completed five measures- evaluating paranormal beliefs, executive functioning deficits, metacognition awareness, delusions, and hallucinations. Prior to performing correlation and multiple regression analyses, the reliability of each measure was assessed. Findings revealed the significant positive correlations of paranormal beliefs with deficits in executive functioning, delusions, and hallucinations, whilst no significant correlation was found with metacognition. Regression analysis showed that delusions and hallucinations were significant predictors of paranormal beliefs. Concerning the relevant literature, these outcomes are debated.
KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS BERITA MELALUI VIDEO YOUTUBE “KOMPAS TV” SISWA KELAS VIII SMPN 3 SUNGGUMINASA
Authors: Jumatik Agustina Merdekawati , Usman Usman , Hajrah Hajrah
Published: June 2023

Ability to Write News Text via Kompas TV Youtube Video for Class VIII Students of SMPN 3 Sungguminasa. The purpose of this study was to describe the ability to write news text on YouTube Kompas TV videos for Grade VIII students of SMPN 3 Sungguminasa in terms of the structure and language rules of news. This research is a descriptive quantitative research. The method used in the writing test is to measure students' understanding of the main points of the news. The results of the study obtained the average value of the ability to write news text in the structural aspect, namely 70 which was categorized as sufficient. The average value of the ability to write news texts based on rules is 63 which is categorized as sufficient. This shows that the ability to write video news texts for Youtube Kompas TV Class VIII students of SMPN 3 Sungguminasa is in the quite capable category.
Pengaruh Aplikasi Google Meet dan Aplikasi Zoom Cloud Meeting dalam Keterampilan Menulis Resensi Novel
Authors: Maulana Fadly , Djumingin Sulastriningsih , Dalle Ambo
Published: June 2023

Abstrak. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) aplikasi google meet terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam keterampilan menulis resensi novel siswa kelas XI MAN 1 Makassar. Terbukti dari perbandingan nilai mean pretest dan postest yaitu 53,26 < 72,75 dan hasil uji paired sample t test diperoleh thitung > ttabel yaitu 12,843 > 2,045 dengan taraf signifikansi (2 sisi) 5% = 0,05 sehingga H1 diterima dan H0 ditolak. (2) aplikasi zoom cloud meeting terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam keterampilan menulis resensi novel siswa kelas XI MAN 1 Makassar. Terbukti dari perbandingan nilai mean pretest dan postest yaitu 52,75 < 73,91 dan hasil uji paired sample t test diperoleh thitung > ttabel yaitu 12,786 > 2,045 dengan taraf signifikansi (2 sisi) 5% = 0,05 sehingga H1 diterima dan H0 ditolak. (3) aplikasi google meet dan zoom cloud meeting tidak terdapat pengaruh signifikan dalam keterampilan menulis resensi novel siswa kelas XI MAN 1 Makassar. Terbukti dari hasil uji independent sample t test diperoleh thitung ≤ ttabel yaitu -0,800 ≤ 2,002 dengan taraf signifikansi (2 sisi) 5% = 0,05 sehingga H1 ditolak dan H0 diterima.
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI GURU BIMBINGAN KONSELING DALAM MENANGANI SISWA BERMASALAH
Authors: M St Rosmawati , Nensilianti Nensilianti , Juanda Juanda
Published: June 2023

This study examines the communication strategy of counseling guidance teachers in dealing with problematic students at SMK Darussalam Makassar. Analysis of the data in this study used a functional systemic linguistic approach (LSF), namely to identify forms of communication strategies for counseling teachers in dealing with problematic students. The data of this study are in the form of clauses obtained from the results of conversations between counseling guidance teachers and problem students. The type of research used in this research is qualitative with descriptive method. The research data is in the form of writing from phrases, sentences, and clauses resulting from the conversation between the counseling teacher and the problem students. The source of the data from this study came from the recorded conversations between the counseling guidance teacher and problematic students during the counseling process. Data collection techniques, namely observation and interviews. Data analysis techniques, namely data reduction, data presentation, and verification of research results. The findings in this study are in the form of interpersonal themes based on clauses as messages, clause systems (MOOD) in the form of imperatives based on clauses as an exchange of meaning, and forms of material processes based on clauses as an exchange of meaning.
ANALISIS GAYA BAHASA LAGU-LAGU IWAN FALS DALAM ALBUM 1980-1990
Authors: Bobok Arlyanto Sonne , Hamsa Akmal , Dj. Sulastriningsih
Published: June 2023

This research is a qualitative research that aims to; (1) examining the style of language contained in Iwan Fals' songs on the 1980-1990 album; (2) examining the meaning of figurative language contained in Iwan Fals' songs on the 1980-1990 album; and (3) examine the relationship between the meaning of figurative language and educational values in Iwan Fals' songs on the 1980-1990 album. Data in the form of words, sentences or expressions that contain language styles. The data collection technique used is the documentation technique. Performance results; (1) the style of language used in Iwan Fals' songs on the 1980-1990 album, namely formal, informal, conversational, climax, antithesis, repetition, rhetorical, and figurative language styles; (2) the meaning contained in the style of language in the album songs of Iwan Fals 1980-1990, namely lexical, referential, connotative, contextual, associative meanings, terms, and proverbs; (3) the relationship between the songs of Iwan Fals' 1980-1990 album and educational values, which are related to the values of religious education, the values of moral education, and the values of social education.
ПРАВО НА СВОБОДНОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ЛИЧНОСТИ В КОНСТИТУЦИИ ФЕДЕРАТИВНОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ГЕРМАНИЯ И ПРАВО НА СВОБОДУ ДЕЙСТВИЙ В КОНСТИТУЦИИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ АРМЕНИЯ (СРАВНИТЕЛЬНО-ПРАВОВОЙ АНАЛИЗ) / The right to free development in the constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany and right to freedom of actions in the constitution of the Republic of Armenia ( a comparative legal analysys)
Authors: Torosyan David
Published: June 2023

The article of the author is devoted to such a basic constitutional right of the individ as is the right of freedom of actions which also is known as a constitutional right of the freedom of develpoment of the individual in the constitutional practice of states. The issue of the article is of a great theoretical and practical importance as it is one of the comparatively less researched issues by jurists in the Republic of Armenia although its importantance in the constitutional system of the state which aims to be a state of law.
The article is focused on such important aspects of the legal essence of the right of freedom of actions as are the limits of the action of the right, the constitutional means of intervening with the right, etc. On the basis of the analysys of the normative basis and the constitutional practice in both Republic of Armenia and Republic of Germany the author of the article finds out the common features also the differences that exist in the constitutional understanding of the right in these states.
Effect of different dietary of grape seed oil level on the growth perfor-mance and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)
Authors: Aljumaili Oday Abdulrazaq , Humam Ali Merzza , Al–Mashhadani Hisham Ahmed , Alshelmani Mohamed Idris , Abdulrazzaq Nibras Zuhair
Published: June 2023

This study was conducted in the Animal Production Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad for 35 days to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of grape seed oil to the broiler diets on the growth performance characteristics of the carcass. A total of 180 chicks one-day-old of commercial broilers Ross 308 were purchased. The birds were randomly distributed into four treatments and three replicates per treatment with 15 birds in each. The treatments were as follows: T1 control treatment (free of grape seed oil) and T2, T3 and T4 included the use of grape seed oil at rates of 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75%, respectively. The results showed a significant superiority (P <0.05) for the treatment of grape seed oil supplementation for the treatment T3 in the body weight and cumulative weight gain at age 35, compared with the control treatment. While no significant differences were observed among the treatments of feed intake and feed conversion ratio. No significant differences were observed in the percentage of the yield and the relative weight of the birds. No significant differences were observed in the relative weights of the edible internal organs. In conclusion, the use of grape seed oil by 0.5% has improved broiler performance.
Effect of cultivars and split application of nitrogen at the different growth stages on yield and its component of bread wheat (Triticum aes-tivum L.) under rain-fed conditions in Kurdistan, Iraq
Authors: Hassan Ali Muhammed , Noori Shang Haseeb Abdulqader
Published: June 2023

To investigate the best N fertilizer application regime for the environment and the economy. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted for one year (2020–2021) under the rain-fed condition at two locations in the Sulaimani region; Qlyasan research field of the College of Agriculture Engineering University of Sulaimani and the Kanipanka research station in the Sharazoor valley to determine the effect of the application of 120 kg ha-1 N in four split doses (T6) at four growing stages, sowing, tillering, booting, and spiking, respectively. Were T1 (60 kg ha-1 N at sowing, 60 kg ha-1 N at tillering) used as a control, T2 (60 kg ha-1 N at sowing, 30 kg ha-1 N at tillering, 30 kg ha-1 N at booting), T3 (60 kg ha-1 N at sowing, 30 kg ha-1 N at tillering, 30 kg ha-1 N at spiking), T4 (60 kg ha-1 N at sowing, 20 kg ha-1 N at tillering, 20 kg ha-1 N booting, 20 kg ha-1 N at spiking), T5 (40 kg ha-1 N at sowing,30 kg ha-1 N at tillering, 30 kg ha-1 N at booting, 20 kg N ha-1 N at spiking) and T6 (40 kg ha-1 N at sowing, 40 kg ha-1 N at tillering, 40 kg ha-1 N at booting) and their effect on grain yield and it’s components of bread wheat cultivars (Adana-99, Hawler-4, and Sulaimani-2). A split plot arrangement within Randomimized Complete Block Design with three replicates was used. The possible comparison among the means was calculated following the Duncan test at a significant level of 0.05. As part of grain yield, no. of spikes m-2, no. of grains.spike, thousand-grain weight (g) (TGW), grain yield ton ha-1 (GY), biological yield ton ha-1 (BY), and Harvest Index (H.I) were all calculated. As the average of both locations of the results showed that the impact of Cultivars on agronomic traits was significant, Sulaimani-2 produced the maximum values for all characters, with the exception of (TGW) and (H.I), which were provided by Hawler-4. All the bread wheat characters were significantly influenced by the time of application of nitrogen, where T5 produced the maximum value for all characters with the exception no. of spike m-2, where T6 had the ultimate value. The no. of spikes m-2 had a significant effect on the T4, and T5 study characters. Based on what we've found, the best combination is Sulaimani-2 with T6 and T5 except in Qlyasan location with T6 only  when rain is guaranteed. This increases both the yield and its components.
First record of the complete mitochondrial genome of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in Iraq and its phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Ye Zhuang-Xin , Lahuf Adnan A. , Salman Mohammed D. , Li Jun-Min
Published: June 2023

The common house mosquito, Culex pipiens, is a worldwide insect that is known as a vector of several human and animals’ pathogens that cause critical diseases, such as malaria, yellow fever and encephalitis. The mitochondrial genome knowledge can supply a foresight for evolutionary biology and phylogenetic analysis. Thus, in the current study, the complete mitochondrial genomes of the Iraqi C. pipiens were first sequenced, assembled, annotated, and analyzed using high throughput sequencing techniques. The results revealed that the length of the complete mitochondrial genome is 14,856 bp, comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The A + T content was 77.09%, while the G+C content was only 22.1%. All PCGs open with the start codon ATN, except the cox1 gene and end with the stop codon TAA. A phylogenetic relatedness with other different species of Culex spp. was achieved by operating the molecular evolutionary genetic analysis based on the whole mitochondrial genome sequences. The results showed that C. pipiens from Iraq shares a close ancestry with C. pipiens from Tunisia and France. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Iraqi C. pipiens. As a consequence, this conclusion may provide a new profound insight into the evolution of C. pipiens in Iraq.
Potential role of dietary pomegranate seed powder (PSP) (Punica granatum L.) and / or Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) on lipid profile of Local male lambs
Authors: Al-Musodi Mohanad Fadhl Hussain , Al-Zwean Drgham Hamza Yousif
Published: June 2023

This study was conducted to find out the effect of adding pomegranate seeds (PSP) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) to the diet of local lambs on their lipid profiles. (Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C), and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (vLDL-C)) It was implemented in the animal field of Baghdad University's veterinary medicine college and ran from 12/1/2022 to 12/6/2022, with 20 lambs aged 2-3 months divided into four groups, with G1 serving as the control group fed concentration diets. G2 fed the same ration and 3% dried pomegranate seed pomace powder (PSP), G3 fed the same ration and 4% PSP with 3g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), and G4 fed the same ration and 6% PSP with 3g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), water supply at Libdum . Samples of blood were taken from all lambs monthly to measure some biochemical characteristics, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C) statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were discovered in the results of The administration of PSP and SC with diets revealed a remarkable effect between treated and untreated groups for lipid profile aspects in some periods of the experiment when compared to the control group, so it could be concluded from this study that using PSP and/or SC to treat groups could contribute to improving lipid profile traits in male lambs
Concentration of lead, cadmium and mercury in the blood of human and sheep in the different governorate of Iraq
Authors: ALSalman Mazin Raad Mahmood , Dawood Tamara Natik
Published: June 2023

This study was conducted to find out the concentration of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and mercury) in human and sheep blood along the Tigris River (Mosul, Salahuddin, Baghdad, Wasit, and Misan). Blood samples were taken from different regions to study the effect of heavy metal pollutants on human and sheep health. Lead and cadmium concentrations in the blood of humans and sheep in Baghdad, Mousel, and Misan governorates were significantly (P< 0.05) higher compared with their concentrations in other governorates; on the other hand, the concentration of lead in the blood of humans and sheep was lowest in Wasit governorate. Mercury were significantly higher (P<0.05) only in blood of the human and sheep in Misan governorate.