bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlled Assembly of Organic Composite Microdisk/Microwire Heterostructures for Output Coupling of Dual‐Color Lasers
Authors: Han Sufang , Zhang Wei , Qiu Bing , Dong Haiyun , Chen Wenjie , Chu Manman , Liu Yingying , Yang Xinzheng , Hu Fengqin , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: January 2018

Dual‐color lasing generated and outcoupled controllably at microscale is crucial for the realization of highly integrated photonic devices. This work constructs a type of organic microdisk/microwire dual‐color laser heterostructures via a step‐by‐step directed molecular assembly strategy based on hydrogen‐bond‐assisted facet‐selective growth mechanism. The microdisk therein can act as high‐quality whispering‐gallery‐mode microcavity for blue lasing, while the interconnected wire functions as the Fabry–Pérot resonator to deliver green lasing. Moreover, the blue/green dual‐color lasing is simultaneously generated and controllably outcoupled from the tip of the wire, which provides a proof‐of‐concept trial for the flexible integration of microlasers with different wavelengths toward multiband photonic circuits.
TiO2 Phase Junction Electron Transport Layer Boosts Efficiency of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Yayun , Deng Kaimo , Sun Haoxuan , Gu Bangkai , Lu Hao , Cao Fengren , Xiong Jie , Li Liang
Published: January 2018

In the planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the electron transport layer (ETL) plays a critical role in electron extraction and transport. Widely utilized TiO2 ETLs suffer from the low conductivity and high surface defect density. To address these problems, for the first time, two types of ETLs based on TiO2 phase junction are designed and fabricated distributed in the opposite space, namely anatase/rutile and rutile/anatase. The champion efficiency of PSCs based on phase junction ETL is over 15%, which is much higher than that of cells with single anatase (9.8%) and rutile (11.8%) TiO2 as ETL. The phase junction based PSCs also demonstrated obviously reduced hysteresis. The enhanced performance is discussed and mainly ascribed to the excellent capability of carrier extraction, defect passivation, and reduced recombination at the ETL/perovskite interface. This work opens a new phase junction ETL strategy toward interfacial energy band manipulation for improved PSC performance.
Microvascular invasion of single small hepatocellular carcinoma ≤3 cm: Predictors and optimal treatments
Authors: Yamashita Yo‐ichi , Imai Katsunori , Yusa Toshihiko , Nakao Yosuke , Kitano Yuki , Nakagawa Shigeki , Okabe Hirohisa , Chikamoto Akira , Ishiko Takatoshi , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Aishima Shinichi , Maehara Yoshihiko , Baba Hideo
Published: January 2018

Background

Small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC ≤3 cm) are generally considered to have low malignant potential; however, some of them display pathological microvascular invasion (MVI).

Methods

Between 1991 and 2013, 414 patients with a single HCC ≤3 cm underwent curative hepatic resection (HR). Predictors for MVI were identified. Using another cohort (149 patients during 2000‐2014), our predictors for MVI in HCC ≤3 cm were validated. In 428 patients with a single HCC ≤3 cm who had predictors for MVI, survival was compared among anatomical HR (n = 149), partial HR (n = 227), and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (n = 52).

Results

The positive rate of MVI reached 40.6% (168/414 patients). Independent predictors for MVI were as follows: tumor diameter ≥2 cm (odds ratio 1.84, P = .0052), alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) ≥200 ng/mL (odds ratio 1.82, P = .0466), and des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin (DCP) ≥40 mAU/mL (odds ratio 1.79, P = .0126). Matching at least one predictor among these three could predict MVI in HCC ≤3 cm well (sensitivity 82.8%, positive predictive value [PPV] 48.7%). This criterion could also predict MVI in HCC ≤3 cm well in another cohort (sensitivity 82.8%, PPV 30.3%). In patients with single HCC ≤3 cm matching our criterion for predicting MVI, anatomical HR led to significantly better survival in both disease‐free (hazard ratio 0.689, P = .0231) and overall (hazard ratio 0.589, P = .0316) survivals.

Conclusion

Matching at least one factor among three (tumor diameter ≥2 cm, AFP ≥200 ng/mL, or DCP ≥40 mAU/mL) can predict MVI in HCC ≤3 cm. In such patients, anatomical HR would be recommended to improve survival.
Community Psychology and Community Mental Health: A Call for Reengagement
Authors: Townley Greg , Brown Molly , Sylvestre John
Published: January 2018

Community psychology is rooted in community mental health research and practice and has made important contributions to this field. Yet, in the decades since its inception, community psychology has reduced its focus on promoting mental health, well‐being, and liberation of individuals with serious mental illnesses. This special issue endeavors to highlight current efforts in community mental health from our field and related disciplines and point to future directions for reengagement in this area. The issue includes 12 articles authored by diverse stakeholder groups. Following a review of the state of community mental health scholarship in the field's two primary journals since 1973, the remaining articles center on four thematic areas: (a) the community experience of individuals with serious mental illness; (b) the utility of a participatory and cross‐cultural lens in our engagement with community mental health; (c) Housing First implementation, evaluation, and dissemination; and (d) emerging or under‐examined topics. In reflection, we conclude with a series of challenges for community psychologists involved in future, transformative, movements in community mental health.
A summary of the Japan septic disseminated intravascular coagulation study
Authors: Hayakawa Mineji , Ono Kota
Published: January 2018

Over the past few decades, the large, international, randomized controlled trials of anticoagulant therapies for patients with sepsis have not yielded any improvement in mortality rates. However, in Japan, anticoagulant therapies are administered for sepsis patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), but not for sepsis patients without DIC. Furthermore, epidemiological data regarding sepsis in Japan are scarce. Therefore, a nationwide multicenter retrospective observational study, the Japan Septic Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (JSEPTIC DIC) study, was undertaken. The JSEPTIC DIC study enrolled 42 intensive care units and included 3,195 patients with sepsis. The results of the JSEPTIC DIC study indicated the following: (i) anticoagulant therapy may be effective in sepsis‐induced DIC patients at high risk for death, (ii) recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin administration and antithrombin supplementation are associated with survival benefits in patients with sepsis‐induced DIC.
Heat‐ and light‐induced thiol‐ene oligomerization of soybean oil‐based polymercaptan
Authors: Bantchev Grigor B. , Vermillion Karl E. , Lansing James C. , Biresaw Girma
Published: January 2018

Polymercaptanized soybean oil (PMSO), the product of a thiol‐ene reaction between soybean oil and hydrogen sulfide, is a material of interest as a lubricant additive and polymer precursor. We investigated with gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance (one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and viscometry the changes that occur with PMSO upon heating or ultraviolet irradiation. The observed changes were due to a further thiol‐ene reaction between the thiol groups and the residual unsaturation. The formation of oligomers was a result of new sulfide bridges. Additionally, tetrahydrothiophene moieties were detected. An almost linear increase of the average molecular weight (MW) and the polydispersity index (PDI) was observed upon heat treatment [number‐average MW (
) = 1180 Da, PDI = 1.32 for PMSO,
 = 1720 Da, PDI = 2.17 for PMSO that was heated for 1000 h at 130 °C]. PDI correlated best with the z‐average MW. The
was the best predictor of the viscosity. For samples with close
, the higher PDI corresponded to a higher viscosity index. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46150.
Design of thermosetting polymeric systems based on benzoxazines modified with maleic anhydride
Authors: Gilbert Elangeni , Morales Graciela , Spontón Marisa , Estenoz Diana
Published: January 2018

A novel benzoxazine (BzPFA) with carboxylic acid groups in its structure was synthesized in a two‐step process. First, BzPOH monomer was obtained from bisphenol A, paraformaldehyde, and ethanolamine with an initial molar ratio 1:4:2. Then, BzPOH was reacted with maleic anhydride using a stoichiometric 1:1 ratio of oxazine ring:maleic anhydride to produce a mixture of oligomeric species named BzPFA. The products were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, size‐exclusion chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. BzPFA presented a weight‐average molecular weight of 50,000 g mol−1. Mixtures of the novel precursor and the conventional benzoxazine based on bisphenol A (BzBA) (60:40 and 40:60 weight ratios) were prepared and three different curing conditions were considered in order to study the effect of BzPFA on curing and final properties. Blends exhibited improved properties respect to BzBA even at relatively low curing temperatures. These results can be associated to the network crosslinked by ester bonds that promotes a high rigidity. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46183.
Study on the performance of flame‐retardant esterified starch‐modified cassava dregs‐PBS composites
Authors: Yue Xiaopeng , Li Jian , Liu Pengjie , Lin Yicun , Du Xin
Published: January 2018

Esterified starch was used as an interfacial modifier to treat the surface of cassava dregs. The treated fiber was used to prepare flame‐retardant poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/cassava dregs fiber composites with the incorporation of intumescent flame retardants (IFR). The mechanical performance and flame‐retardant properties of composites were investigated. Experimental data showed that an appropriate cassava fiber loading favored the mechanical performance of composites. When the total filler content was 30 wt % [m(cassava dregs):m(IFR) = 1:5], in comparison with those of composite prepared by 30 wt % IFR, the tensile and impact strengths of composite increased by 40 ± 7 and 62 ± 8%, respectively. Besides, the limited oxygen index value of 37.3% and UL‐94 V0 rate of composite could be achieved. Possible flame retardant mechanism was proposed. The combusted residue of incorporated cassava dregs could play a support effect in the three‐dimensional charred layer formed by the combustion products of IFR and PBS. The three‐dimensional intumescent charred layer, and the formation of incombustible gas, such as NH3, play an important role in insulation, oxygen barrier, thereby effectively improving the flame retardancy and thermal stability of composites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46210.
Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Closed‐Shell Structures as Templates
Authors: Qiu Li , McCaffrey Ryan , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2018

The synthesis and study of metallic nanoparticles are of continued and significant interest, with applications in materials science, catalysis, and medicine. The properties of metallic nanoparticles depend strongly on their particle size, shape, and interparticle distances. It is therefore desirable for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles to be controlled for specific shapes and sizes. The rapid development in this research area has attracted intense interest from researchers with diverse expertise, and numerous methods towards the synthesis of monodisperse nanoparticles have been reported. In this Focus Review, we provide an overview of recent progress in the development of the template synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using closed‐shell structures, including biological molecules/assemblies and cage molecules.
Hydrogen Doping into MoO3 Supports toward Modulated Metal–Support Interactions and Efficient Furfural Hydrogenation on Iridium Nanocatalysts
Authors: Xie Lifang , Chen Ting , Chan Hang Cheong , Shu Yijin , Gao Qingsheng
Published: January 2018

As promising supports, reducible metal oxides afford strong metal–support interactions to achieve efficient catalysis, which relies on their band states and surface stoichiometry. In this study, in situ and controlled hydrogen doping (H doping) by means of H2 spillover was employed to engineer the metal–support interactions in hydrogenated MoOx‐supported Ir (Ir/H−MoOx) catalysts and thus promote furfural hydrogenation to furfuryl alcohol. By easily varying the reduction temperature, the resulting H doping in a controlled manner tailors low‐valence Mo species (Mo5+ and Mo4+) on H−MoOx supports, thereby promoting charge redistribution on Ir and H−MoOx interfaces. This further leads to clear differences in H2 chemisorption on Ir, which illustrates its potential for catalytic hydrogenation. As expected, the optimal Ir/H−MoOx with controlled H doping afforded high activity (turnover frequency: 4.62 min−1) and selectivity (>99 %) in furfural hydrogenation under mild conditions (T=30 °C, P
=2 MPa), which means it performs among the best of current catalysts.
Transformations in Chemically Responsive Copper‐Calixarene Architectures
Authors: Percástegui Edmundo G. , Reyes‐Mata Carlos , Flores‐Alamo Marcos , Quiroz‐García Beatriz , Rivera Ernesto , Castillo Ivan
Published: January 2018

Self‐assembly of bis‐picolyl‐appended calix[4]arene (L) with CuI or CuII salts resulted in a collection of multinuclear architectures capable of expressing structural reconfigurations in response to various chemical stimuli: addition of copper salt, solvents, or oxidation. Coordination of L to CuX (X=Br, I) selectively yielded dinuclear macrocycles CuI2L2Br2 (1) and CuI2L2I2 (3) that were transformed into tetranuclear assemblies CuI4L2Br4 (2) and CuI4L2I4 (4) upon further addition of CuX. These supramolecules persist as robust and discrete entities in solution that display red emission; notably, 4 exhibits luminescence thermochromism. Assembly of L with CuCl2 produced macrocycle CuII2L2Cl4 (5), which crystallised as cage [CuII2L4(μ‐Cl)]3+ (6) in the presence of MeOH. Two chemical signals—introduction of CuCl2 and addition of CH3CN—regenerated macrocycle 5. Coordination of L to Cu(OTf) yielded macrocycle CuI2L2(OTf)2 (7) that also crystallised as cage 6 upon oxidation in CHCl3.
Finite‐Time Synchronization of Complex‐Valued Delayed Neural Networks with Discontinuous Activations
Authors: Wu Enli , Yang Xinsong , Xu Chen , Alsaadi Fuad E. , Hayat Tasawar
Published: January 2018

In this paper, finite‐time synchronization for a class of complex‐valued neural networks with time delays and discontinuous activations is concerned under the framework of Filippov solutions. Both state feedback and adaptive controllers are designed to overcome the difficulties in dealing with the time delay and the uncertainties of Filippov solutions. Based on the concept of Filippov solutions, differential inclusion and structuring suitable Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functionals, some sufficient conditions are obtained to guarantee that a controlled response system is synchronized with a driving system in a finite time. Finally, numerical simulations are given to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Widespread dynamic and pleiotropic expression of the melanocortin‐1‐receptor (MC1R) system is conserved across chick, mouse and human embryonic development
Authors: Thomas Anna C. , Heux Pauline , Santos Chloe , Arulvasan Wisenave , Solanky Nita , Carey Magalie E. , Gerrelli Dianne , Kinsler Veronica A. , Etchevers Heather C.
Published: January 2018

Background

MC1R, a G‐protein coupled receptor with high affinity for alpha‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH), modulates pigment production in melanocytes from many species and is associated with human melanoma risk. MC1R mutations affecting human skin and hair color also have pleiotropic effects on the immune response and analgesia. Variants affecting human pigmentation in utero alter the congenital phenotype of both oculocutaneous albinism and congenital melanocytic naevi, and have a possible effect on birthweight.

Methods and Results

By in situ hybridization, RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry, we show that MC1R is widely expressed during human, chick and mouse embryonic and fetal stages in many somatic tissues, particularly in the musculoskeletal and nervous systems, and conserved across evolution in these three amniotes. Its dynamic pattern differs from that of TUBB3, a gene overlapping the same locus in humans and encoding class III β‐tubulin. The αMSH peptide and the transcript for its precursor, pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC), are similarly present in numerous extra‐cutaneous tissues. MC1R genotyping of variants p.(V60M) and p.(R151C) was undertaken for 867 healthy children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parent and Children (ALSPAC) cohort, and birthweight modeled using multiple logistic regression analysis. A significant positive association initially found between R151C and birth weight, independent of known birth weight modifiers, was not reproduced when combined with data from an independent genome‐wide association study of 6,459 additional members of the same cohort.

Conclusions

These data clearly show a new and hitherto unsuspected role for MC1R in noncutaneous solid tissues before birth.
Development of an Alginate Array Platform to Decouple the Effect of Multiparametric Perturbations on Human Pluripotent Stem Cells During Pancreatic Differentiation
Authors: Richardson Thomas C. , Mathew Shibin , Candiello Joseph E. , Goh Saik K. , Kumta Prashant N. , Banerjee Ipsita
Published: January 2018

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC)‐derived functional cells hold great promise for regenerative cell therapy. Currently approved strategies for clinical translation requires the isolation of the hESCs‐derived cells in materials allowing transfer of reagents but preventing integration with the host. However, hESC fate is known to be sensitive to its local microenvironment, both chemical and physical. Given the complexity of hESC response to environmental parameters, it will be important to evaluate the cell response to multiple combinatorial perturbations. Such complex perturbations are best enabled by exploiting high‐throughput screening platforms. In this study, the authors report the effect of multivariate perturbations on hESC differentiation, enabled by the development of high throughput 3D alginate array platform. Specifically, the sensitivity of hESC propagation and pancreatic differentiation to substrate properties and cell culture configuration is analyzed. Cellular response to array perturbations is analyzed by quantitative imaging, and cell sensitivity was determined through statistical modeling. The results indicate that configuration is the stronger determinant of hESC proliferation and differentiation, while substrate properties fine‐tune the expression around the average levels. This platform allowed for multiparametric perturbations, and in combination with statistical modeling, allows to identify the sensitivity of hESC proliferation and fate to multiparametric modulation.
Transgendered and re‐flected borrowed Greek nouns in anatomical Latin
Authors: Neumann Paul E.
Published: January 2018

In this survey, almost 30 borrowed words in anatomical Latin were found to differ from the original Greek noun in gender and/or inflection. A third of these cases were judged to be errors. The rest are long‐standing or widely‐accepted exceptions to the usual adoption rules for borrowed Greek words. Possible linguistic explanations for these exceptions are presented. Clin. Anat. 31:306–309, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fabrication of a Single‐Atom Platinum Catalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: A New Protocol by Utilization of HxMoO3−x with Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Liu Wei , Xu Qun , Yan Pengfei , Chen Jun , Du Yi , Chu Shengqi , Wang Jiaou
Published: January 2018

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) play a key role in many chemical processes owing to highly desirable atom efficiency, but the challenging synthesis of these catalysts limits their commercialization and application on a large scale. Herein, we report a facile strategy to integrate atomic Pt into richly deficient MoO3−x. The core of the experimental strategy was the fabrication and utilization of HxMoO3−x with plasmon resonance that contained intercalated H+. The obtained catalyst was found to possess remarkable electrocatalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction that was even comparable to that of commercial Pt/C, whereas the amount of Pt used was reduced to only 10 % of the amount of commercial Pt/C used. Therefore, this work not only supplies a new synthesis route to SACs but also reveals the potential relation between plasmon resonance materials and the fabrication of single‐atom catalysts.
Enhanced Catalytic Glycerol Oxidation Activity Enabled by Activated‐Carbon‐Supported Palladium Catalysts Prepared through Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Weber Matthieu , Collot Philippe , El Gaddari Hoda , Tingry Sophie , Bechelany Mikhael , Holade Yaovi
Published: January 2018

The ability to precisely engineer advanced catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) is crucial for the deployment of fuel cells (FCs) and electrolyzers. In this work, we used an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process to prepare highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) on electro‐activated carbon felt electrodes. The prepared PdNPs were well dispersed and presented diameters of 4–6 nm, corresponding to a mass loading of 96 μgPd cm−2 or 0.9 wt.%. For the GOR, the as‐synthesized nanocatalysts outperformed the commercial Pd/C (20 wt.%) reference by an order of magnitude. The bare electrode also displays distinguished kinetics towards the ORR. The enhanced performance is explained by the good palladium‐carbon interaction and the reduced aggregation and/or detachment of PdNPs. The results uncovered herein provide new strategic routes for the development of advanced electrodes for applications in electrochemical energy conversion.
Radicals and Sulfur Dioxide: A Versatile Combination for the Construction of Sulfonyl‐Containing Molecules
Authors: Hofman Kamil , Liu Nai‐Wei , Manolikakes Georg
Published: January 2018

Molecules containing a sulfonyl functionality, such as sulfones, sulfonyl chlorides or sulfonamides play an important role in organic chemistry and have found widespread application, especially in the construction of biologically active compounds. Recently, methods for the synthesis of the sulfonyl moiety utilizing sulfur dioxide as a key building block have received considerable attention. In this context, radical‐based transformations with sulfur dioxide have emerged as a new and attractive approach for the construction of the sulfonyl functional group. This short review highlights recent advances in the use of sulfur dioxide in radical reactions and covers the historical background, which forms the basis for these current progresses. Limitations of the existing methods and potential further developments will be discussed.
Process Catalyst Mass Efficiency by Using Proline Tetrazole Column‐Flow System
Authors: Nakashima Erika , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: January 2018

Generally, organocatalysts are not decomposed during chemical transformation, which is different from traditional metal catalysts. To improve catalytic processes efficiency, various studies have been applied to flow synthesis for organocatalysis. Furthermore, many immobilized organocatalysts have been used for heterogeneous flow synthesis, which requires huge amounts of immobilized catalyst and requires several steps to prepare. We took advantage of organocatalysts with low‐polarity organic solvent and developed a flow system through a packed‐bed column with simply proline tetrazole (5‐(2‐pyrrolidinyl)‐1H‐tetrazole) for heterogeneous organocatalytic synthesis. Under ambient temperature, this heterogeneous organocatalyst continuous flow‐column system with ketones as a donor provides aldol, Mannich, and o‐nitroso aldol reactions in up to quantitative yields with excellent enantio‐ and chemoselectivity values. Our heterogeneous‐flow synthesis provides extremely low process catalyst mass efficiency and continuous production without changing the packed‐bed catalyst column.
Mono‐ and Dicoordinate Germanium(0) as a Four‐Electron Donor
Authors: Mandal Debdeep , Dhara Debabrata , Maiti Avijit , Klemmer Lukas , Huch Volker , Zimmer Michael , Rzepa Henry S. , Scheschkewitz David , Jana Anukul
Published: January 2018

We report the synthesis and isolation of molecular iron germanide motifs in the stoichiometry of Fe3Ge and Fe2Ge, which are stabilized by the coordination of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) ligands. NHC
⋅Ge[Fe(CO)4][Fe2(CO)8] (NHC
=1,3‐diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene), a germanium(0) ligand with just one NHC as an auxiliary ligand, assumes a bridging coordination mode between a mononuclear [Fe(CO)4] and a dinuclear [(CO)4FeFe(CO)4] unit with rapid exchange between the two binding modes in solution. The electronic structure of this species is analysed by NBO and ELF calculations with DFT methods, as well as the mechanistic details of its fluxional coordination behaviour. Treatment of NHC
⋅Ge[Fe(CO)4] [Fe2(CO)8] with the sterically less demanding NHC
(NHC
=1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) leads to a dinuclear iron complex (NHC
)2Ge[Fe(CO)4]2 that contains a bridging germylone ligand with two stabilizing NHC equivalents.
Die Vielfalt des Siliciumdioxids
Authors: Friede Bernd , Gaillou Eloïse
Published: January 2018

Siliciumdioxid (Silica) ist allgegenwärtig und weist eine erstaunliche Vielfalt kristalliner und amorpher Formen auf, die sowohl synthetischen als auch natürlichen Ursprungs sein können. Vertreter röntgenamorpher Silicaphasen sind die synthetisch reinen pyrogenen oder Fällungssilica, der als Schmuckstein bekannte Opal, die in riesigen Lagerstätten anfallenden Kieselalgenskelette und der als Nebenprodukt der Silicium‐ und Ferrosilicium gewonnene Kieselrauch (silica fume). Alle amorphen Silicatypen beeindrucken durch ihre eigene, faszinierende Entstehungsgeschichte und mit einer Vielzahl technischer Anwendungen.
Low‐cost biosorbent based on Moringa oleifera residues for herbicide atrazine removal in a fixed‐bed column
Authors: Homem Natália Cândido , Vieira Angélica Marquetotti Salcedo , Bergamasco Rosângela , Vieira Marcelo Fernandes
Published: January 2018

A low‐cost biosorbent based on Moringa oleifera Lam (MO) seed husks was used in order to remove atrazine (ATZ) from aqueous solutions in a continuous system. The influence of some parameters, such as bed depth, flow rate, pH, and inlet concentration, on ATZ biosorption was investigated. The breakthrough and saturation time increased with the increase of bed depth. However, the opposite behaviour was observed for the flow rate. The sorption capacity, breakthrough, and saturation time were similar at all values of pH tested. Increasing the inlet concentration, the MO sorption capacity also increased, while the breakthrough and saturation time decreased. The Adams‐Bohart, Thomas, dose‐response, and Yoon‐Nelson models were applied to predict the breakthrough curves. All models showed good agreement with the experimental data, presenting good values of the correlation coefficient (R2). The results showed that MO seed husks can be effectively used as a biosorbent to remove the atrazine in aqueous solutions, achieving five cycles of biosorption‐desorption without loss of biosorption capacity, which demonstrates the potential of MO as a biosorbent for the removal of ATZ being a low‐cost and efficient alternative to the use of conventional materials.
Finite element models of flagella with sliding radial spokes and interdoublet links exhibit propagating waves under steady dynein loading
Authors: Hu Tianchen , Bayly Philip V.
Published: January 2018

It remains unclear how flagella generate propulsive, oscillatory waveforms. While it is well known that dynein motors, in combination with passive cytoskeletal elements, drive the bending of the axoneme by applying shearing forces and bending moments to microtubule doublets, the origin of rhythmicity is still mysterious. Most conceptual models of flagellar oscillation involve dynein regulation or switching, so that dynein activity first on one side of the axoneme, then the other, drives bending. In contrast, a “viscoelastic flutter” mechanism has recently been proposed, based on a dynamic structural instability. Simple mathematical models of coupled elastic beams in viscous fluid, subjected to steady, axially distributed, dynein forces of sufficient magnitude, can exhibit oscillatory motion without any switching or dynamic regulation. Here we introduce more realistic finite element (FE) models of 6‐doublet and 9‐doublet flagella, with radial spokes and interdoublet links that slide along the central pair or corresponding doublet. These models demonstrate the viscoelastic flutter mechanism. Above a critical force threshold, these models exhibit an abrupt onset of propulsive, wavelike oscillations typical of flutter instability. Changes in the magnitude and spatial distribution of steady dynein force, or to viscous resistance, lead to behavior qualitatively consistent with experimental observations. This study demonstrates the ability of FE models to simulate nonlinear interactions between axonemal components during flagellar beating, and supports the plausibility of viscoelastic flutter as a mechanism of flagellar oscillation.
Physical confinement alters cytoskeletal contributions towards human mesenchymal stem cell migration
Authors: Doolin Mary T. , Stroka Kimberly M.
Published: January 2018

The in vivo microenvironment is critical for providing physico‐chemical signaling cues which ultimately regulate human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) behavior in clinically‐relevant applications. hMSCs experience mechanical confinement of the cell body and nucleus in three dimensional (3D) tissues during homing and in porous tissue engineered scaffolds, yet the effects of this mechanical cue on hMSC migration are not known. Here, we use a microchannel device to systematically examine the effect of confinement on hMSC migration and cytoskeletal organization. Notably, we show that hMSC actin and microtubules change from filamentous in unconfined spaces to a more diffuse network in confinement, and that confinement abrogates the presence of paxillin‐rich focal adhesions seen in 2D. Furthermore, several morphological parameters of the hMSC body are altered in confinement. Interestingly, hMSC speed displays a biphasic trend as a function of confinement, and increasing hMSC passage number decreases speed in all but the narrowest microchannels. Confinement also alters the relative contributions of cytoskeletal (i.e., actin and microtubule) and contractile (i.e., myosin II and Rho kinase) machinery in hMSC migration in unconfined and confined spaces. These results provide an improved understanding of how hMSCs navigate mechanical confinement, which is a central component of complicated 3D microenvironments. Hence, this work may provide insight towards more effective control of hMSC localization in porous tissue engineered scaffolds and mobilization to distinct tissue sites during homing after clinical therapy.
Usefulness of the CLLflow score
Authors: Sorigue Marc , Franch‐Sarto Mireia , Sarrate Edurne , Junca Jordi
Published: January 2018

Background

The CLLflow score was recently suggested as an improvement over the Moreau score (MS) for the diagnosis and classification of B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders (B‐LPD).

Methods

We determined the CLLflow score in peripheral blood or bone marrow of a series of cases with an inconclusive immunophenotype, including samples with a MS of 3 (n = 52) and CD5‐positive with a score of 2 (n = 38). As controls, B‐LPD with a MS of 0–1 (n = 95), CD5‐negative score 2 (n = 24), and score 4–5 (i.e., chronic lymphocytic leukemia [CLL], n = 166) were included.

Results

The CLLflow score was positive (suggestive of CLL) in all CLL cases and negative in all MS <2, regardless of CD200‐positivity, which occurred in 31% (29/95) of cases. The CLLflow score was positive in 71%, 29%, and 8% of samples with a MS 3, CD5‐positive score 2, and CD5‐negative score 2, respectively.

Discussion

Our results suggest that the CLLflow is useful in the differential diagnosis of cases with inconclusive immunophenotype. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society
ZIF‐67 Derived Porous Carbon from Calcination and Acid Etching Process as an Enzyme Immobilization Platform for Glucose Sensing
Authors: Shi Libo , Cai Xuan , Li Hong , He Haiyan , Zhao Hongli , Lan Minbo
Published: January 2018

In this work, a metal‐organic frameworks‐based porous carbon was explored for glucose oxidase immobilization and glucose sensing. ZIF‐67 was chosen as the precursors for the calcination treatment. The formed Co nanoparticles induced the graphitization of the carbon during the carbonization, resulting in a good conductivity. The followed HCl treatment partly removed the formed Co nanoparticles to give a larger specific surface area of the porous carbon due to the generated space voids from the dissolved Co nanoparticles. The resulting MOFs‐derived porous carbon show an improved loading performance toward glucose oxidase, and fast electron transfer was also demonstrated. This work proves the MOFs‐derived porous carbon as a novel and outstanding platform for the enzymatic electrocatalysis for the sensors and energy conversion devices.
Detection and identification of Staphylococcus aureus using magnetic particle enhanced surface plasmon spectroscopy
Authors: Rüppel Nadine , Tröger Vicky , Sandetskaya Natalia , Kuhlmeier Dirk , Schmieder Stefan , Sonntag Frank
Published: January 2018

In this work, an approach for SPR spectroscopy using the liSPR system is examined that combines signal amplification by PCR and magnetic nanoparticles in one injection step. Therefore, the synthesis of PCR products was performed on the beads similar to a solid‐phase PCR, termed PCR‐on‐a‐bead. The functionality of this PCR was proven using an enzymatic assay. For validation the detection of oligonucleotides by SPR, an asymmetric PCR product was investigated. A signal increase upon binding of the PCR product to the specific probes was observed. In addition, surface regeneration of the chip was examined and reuse for at least two times ascertained. Amplification of the SPR signal by magnetic beads was verified but no signal was detected for PCR products immobilized on particles prior to injection.
Fire and collapse: Untangling the formation of destruction layers using archaeomagnetism
Authors: Shahack‐Gross Ruth , Shaar Ron , Hassul Erez , Ebert Yael , Forget Mathilde , Nowaczyk Norbert , Marco Shmuel , Finkelstein Israel , Agnon Amotz
Published: January 2018

Historical events are sometimes expressed in destruction layers. We present here a study in which aspects of construction, destruction, and chronostratigraphy of fired mud bricks were explored using archaeomagnetism, infrared spectroscopy, and micromorphology. We measured 88 oriented samples mostly collected from one stratum, datedca. 1000 B.C.E., representing a destroyed late Canaanite (late Iron Age I) city in Tel Megiddo, Israel. Firing temperatures, evaluated from infrared spectroscopy, micromorphology, and high‐temperature magnetic susceptibility cycles, range between 300°C and 800°C. Samples studied in one archaeomagnetic site yield a single stable magnetization vector in demagnetization experiments. Archaeomagnetic site means of three standing walls are grouped near the expected direction of the ancient geomagnetic field. We propose that walls in the destruction layer were constructed from sun‐dried mud bricks that later burned during the destruction. Collapsed bricks and tilted walls show variable directions, diagnostic for the relative timing of collapse and cooling of bricks, during and following the destruction event. In addition, we attempt to assign stratigraphic affiliation based on archaeomagnetic considerations to standing walls, which are spatially disconnected from the studied destruction layer. Altogether, this study demonstrates the usefulness of archaeomagnetism to understanding site formation processes related to fire and destruction.
Chronic disease management support in Australian workplaces—low base, rising need
Authors: Saunders Carla , Brown James J. , Carter David J. , Lapkin Sam
Published: January 2018

Issue addressed

This study investigates the current nature, levels and perceived need for workplace support among mature age Australian workers with chronic illness.

Methods

A cross‐sectional population survey was conducted via a double opt‐in panel sample of Australian workers aged 45 years and older with one or more of six major chronic diseases (diabetes and/or chronic heart, kidney, lung, mental health and/or musculoskeletal conditions).

Results

Three hundred and fourteen respondents reported being in the workforce and having at least one of the chronic conditions under investigation, of which almost one third reported having more than one of the conditions. The findings reveal a number of considerable gaps in Australian workplace support for employees 45 years and older with chronic illness, including workplace flexibility, supportive policies and co‐worker support.

Conclusions

This research adds to a scarce existing literature base on workplace support for workers with chronic illness in Australia. Future research is needed to identify opportunities for effective public policy and implementation of workplace interventions to better support this cohort.

So what?

If timely progress is not made in this area, the projected increase in the aged population and scheduled public policy changes impacting retirement age will multiply potential adverse effects on the health of employees with chronic illness and Australia's labour market productivity.
KRAS promotes tumor metastasis and chemoresistance by repressing RKIP via the MAPK–ERK pathway in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yang Kege , Li Yaqing , Lian Guoda , Lin Haoming , Shang Changzhen , Zeng Linjuan , Chen Shaojie , Li Jiajia , Huang Chumei , Huang Kaihong , Chen Yinting
Published: January 2018

Oncogenic KRAS plays a crucial role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development and progression. However, the mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. RKIP is a tumor repressor, and loss of RKIP has been shown in PDAC. Here, we found that KRAS expression was inversely correlated with RKIP expression in PDAC fresh tissue regardless of the KRAS mutant status. The negative correlation between KRAS and RKIP was further confirmed in our PDAC tissue microarray. KRAS overexpression and RKIP downregulation were associated with poor clinical outcomes. Knockdown or overexpression of KRAS in PDAC cell lines robustly increased or decreased, respectively, RKIP protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, the MAPK–ERK pathway was involved in the regulation of RKIP. KRAS‐regulated RKIP expression, which in turn affected the expression of pivotal epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis factors. The biological function of the KRAS–RKIP axis was demonstrated in human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. KRAS knockdown increased RKIP expression and inhibited metastasis and chemoresistance. Moreover, the feature of metastasis and chemoresistance was rescued in the KRAS‐knockdown cells through the inhibition of RKIP by RNA interference. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate how KRAS inhibits the tumor suppressor RKIP, thus offering novel justification for targeting RKIP as a strategy to overcome KRAS‐induced tumor metastasis and chemoresistance in PDAC.
Leukocyte telomere length in relation to risk of lung adenocarcinoma incidence: Findings from the Singapore Chinese Health Study
Authors: Yuan Jian‐Min , Beckman Kenneth B. , Wang Renwei , Bull Caroline , Adams‐Haduch Jennifer , Huang Joyce Y. , Jin Aizhen , Opresko Patricia , Newman Anne B. , Zheng Yun‐Ling , Fenech Michael , Koh Woon‐Puay
Published: January 2018

Telomeres are crucial in the maintenance of chromosome integrity and genomic stability. Critically short telomeres can trigger programed cell death while cells with longer telomeres may have increased likelihood of replicative errors, resulting in genetic mutations and chromosomal alterations, and ultimately promoting oncogenesis. Data on telomere length and lung cancer risk from large prospective cohort studies are spare. Relative telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes was quantified using a validated monochrome multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method in 26,540 participants of the Singapore Chinese Health Study. After a follow‐up of 12 years, 654 participants developed lung cancer including 288 adenocarcinoma, 113 squamous cell carcinoma and 253 other/unknown histological type. The Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). HR of lung adenocarcinoma for individuals in the highest comparing the lowest 20 percentile of telomere length was 2.84 (95% CI 1.94–4.14, ptrend < 0.0001). This positive association was present in never smokers (ptrend < 0.0001), ever smokers (ptrend = 0.0010), men (ptrend = 0.0003), women (ptrend < 0.0001), and in shorter (ptrend = 0.0002) and longer (ptrend = 0.0001) duration of follow‐up. There was no association between telomere length and risk of squamous cell carcinoma or other histological type of lung cancer in all or subgroups of individuals. The agreement of results from this prospective cohort study with those of previous prospective studies and Mendelian randomization studies suggest a possible etiological role of telomere length in the development of lung adenocarcinoma.
Inclusion Complexes of Hymexazol with Three Different Cucurbit[n]uril: Preparation, and Physicochemical and Antifungal Characterization
Authors: Fan Ying , Gao Rui‐Han , Xiao Xin , Tao Zhu
Published: January 2018

Host‐guest inclusion complexes of hymexazol with three different cucurbit[n]uril, cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]), hemimethyl‐substituted cucurbit[6]uril (HHMeQ[6]), and twisted cucurbit[14]uril (tQ[14]) have been investigated by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy, quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry (Q‐TOF), and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). 1H NMR experimental results revealed that hymexazol resides within the respective cavities of the selected Q[n], and mass spectrometric experimental results revealed that it interacts with these three Q[n] through the formation of 1 : 1 inclusion complexes. ITC experimental results indicated moderate binding constants. In vitro assays showed that the complexation of hymexazol by the Q[n] increased its inhibitory effect on the mycelia growth of Botrytis cinerea Pers.
Effect of family planning interventions on couple years of protection in Malawi
Authors: Lemani Clara , Kamtuwanje Nenani , Phiri Billy , Speizer Ilene S. , Singh Kavita , Mtema Olive , Chisanu Ndidza , Tang Jennifer H.
Published: January 2018

Objective

The primary objective was to assess the effect of family planning interventions at two health facilities in Malawi on couple years of protection (CYP).

Methods

A prospective quasi‐experimental design was used to compare CYP and uptake of long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) between two intervention facilities (Area 25 Health Center and Kasungu District Hospital) and two nonintervention facilities (Mkanda Health Center and Dowa District Hospital). The interventions included community mobilization and demand generation for family planning, and training and mentoring of providers in LARC insertion. Monthly data were collected from 1 year prior to intervention implementation until 2 years thereafter.

Results

From the pre‐intervention year to the second post‐intervention year, CYP increased by 175.1% at Area 25, whereas it decreased by 33.8% at Mkanda. At Kasungu and Dowa, CYP increased by 90.7% and 64.4%, respectively. Uptake of LARC increased by 12.2% at Area 25 r, 6.2% at Kasungu, and 2.9% at Dowa, but decreased by 3.8% at Mkanda.

Conclusions

The interventions led to an increase in CYP and LARC uptake. Future family planning programs should sensitize communities about family planning and train providers to provide all contraceptives so that women can make informed decisions and use the contraceptive of their choice.
Simulation of Nitrate‐N Leaching in No‐Till Fields with DRAINMOD‐N II in a Cold‐Humid Region
Authors: Hashemi Garmdareh Seyyed Ebrahim , Malekian Raheleh , Madani Ali , Gordon Robert
Published: January 2018

Conservation agriculture, especially no‐tillage, has proven to become sustainable farming in many agricultural environments globally. In spite of advantages of no‐till systems, this practice may result in excess infiltration into the soil and can enhance the movement of mobile nutrients and some pesticides to subsurface drains and groundwater along preferential pathways. The goal of this study was to evaluate the capacity of DRAINMOD‐N II to simulate subsurface nitrate‐N leaching in no‐till fields in Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada, from 2003 to 2006. The model performance was first evaluated by comparing observed and simulated drain outflow data that is an essential prerequisite for the model to obtain a proper prediction of NO3‐N movement, and then by comparing observed and simulated NO3‐N concentration in no‐till fields using three statistical indices, relative root mean square error (RRMSE), average absolute deviation (AAD) and the correlation coefficient (R2). The RRMSE, AAD and R2 for the validation period were determined to be 1.09, 1.85 and 0.83 mm for drain outflow, and 1.43, 0.51 and 0.79 mg l−1 for NO3‐N concentration respectively. The results showed that DRAINMOD‐N II predicted NO3‐N leaching reasonably well in drainage outflow of no‐till fields over the whole period. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heme oxygenase‐1 affects generation and spontaneous cardiac differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Stepniewski Jacek , Pacholczak Tomasz , Skrzypczyk Aniela , Ciesla Maciej , Szade Agata , Szade Krzysztof , Bidanel Romain , Langrzyk Agnieszka , Grochowski Radoslaw , Vandermeeren Felix , Kachamakova‐Trojanowska Neli , Jez Mateusz , Drabik Grazyna , Nakanishi Mahito , Jozkowicz Alicja , Dulak Jozef
Published: January 2018

Cellular stress can influence efficiency of iPSCs generation and their differentiation. However, the role of intracellular cytoprotective factors in these processes is still not well known. Therefore, we investigated the effect of HO‐1 (Hmox1) or Nrf2 (Nfe2l2), two major cytoprotective genes. Hmox1–/– fibroblasts demonstrated decreased reprogramming efficiency in comparison to Hmox1+/+ cells. Reversely, pharmacological enhancement of HO‐1 resulted in higher number of iPSCs colonies. Importantly, elevated level of both p53 and p53‐regulated miR‐34a and 14‐3‐3σ was observed in HO‐1‐deficient fibroblasts whereas downregulation of p53 in these cells markedly increased their reprogramming efficiency. In human fibroblasts HO‐1 silencing also induced p53 expression and affected reprogramming outcome. Hmox1+/+ and Hmox1–/– iPSCs similarly differentiated in vitro to cells originating from three germ layers, however, lower number of contracting cells was observed during this process in HO‐1‐deficient cells indicating attenuated cardiac differentiation. Importantly, silencing of Hmox1 in murine ESC using CRISPR/Cas‐9 editing also impaired their spontaneous cardiac differentiation. Decreased reprogramming efficiency was also observed in Nrf2‐lacking fibroblasts. Reversely, sulforaphane, a Nrf2 activator, increased the number of iPSCs colonies. However, both Nfe2l2+/+ and Nfe2l2–/– iPSCs showed similar pluripotency and differentiation capacity. These results indicate that regulation of HO‐1 expression can further optimize generation and cardiac differentiation of iPSCs. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(2):129–142, 2018