bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Irregular sleep habits, regional grey matter volumes, and psychological functioning in adolescents
Authors: Lapidaire Winok , Urrila Anna S. , Artiges Eric , Miranda Ruben , Vulser Hélène , Bézivin-Frere Pauline , Lemaître Hervé , Penttilä Jani , Banaschewski Tobias , Bokde Arun L. W. , Bromberg Uli , Büchel Christian , Conrod Patricia J. , Desrivières Sylvane , Frouin Vincent , Gallinat Jürgen , Garavan Hugh , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Ittermann Bernd , Papadopoulos-Orfanos Dimitri , Paus Tomáš , Smolka Michael N. , Schumann Gunter , Martinot Marie-Laure Paillère , Martinot Jean-Luc ,   for the IMAGEN consortium
Published: February 2021

Changing sleep rhythms in adolescents often lead to sleep deficits and a delay in sleep timing between weekdays and weekends. The adolescent brain, and in particular the rapidly developing structures involved in emotional control, are vulnerable to external and internal factors. In our previous study in adolescents at age 14, we observed a strong relationship between weekend sleep schedules and regional medial prefrontal cortex grey matter volumes. Here, we aimed to assess whether this relationship remained in this group of adolescents of the general population at the age of 16 (n = 101; mean age 16.8 years; 55% girls). We further examined grey matter volumes in the hippocampi and the amygdalae, calculated with voxel-based morphometry. In addition, we investigated the relationships between sleep habits, assessed with self-reports, and regional grey matter volumes, and psychological functioning, assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and tests on working memory and impulsivity. Later weekend wake-up times were associated with smaller grey matter volumes in the medial prefrontal cortex and the amygdalae, and greater weekend delays in wake-up time were associated with smaller grey matter volumes in the right hippocampus and amygdala. The medial prefrontal cortex region mediated the correlation between weekend wake up time and externalising symptoms. Paying attention to regular sleep habits during adolescence could act as a protective factor against the emergence of psychopathology via enabling favourable brain development.
Assessment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis from body scanner image by finite element simulations
Authors: Grünwald Alexander T. D. , Roy Susmita , Alves-Pinto Ana , Lampe Renée
Published: February 2021

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, is a three-dimensional spinal deformity characterized by lateral curvature and axial rotation around the vertical body axis of the spine, the cause of which is yet unknown. The fast progression entails regular clinical monitoring, including X-rays. Here we present an approach to evaluate scoliosis from the three-dimensional image of a patient’s torso, captured by an ionizing radiation free body scanner, in combination with a model of the ribcage and spine. A skeletal structure of the ribcage and vertebral column was modelled with computer aided designed software and was used as an initial structure for macroscopic finite element method simulations. The basic vertebral column model was created for an adult female in an upright position. The model was then used to simulate the patient specific scoliotic spine configurations. The simulations showed that a lateral translation of a vertebral body results in an effective axial rotation and could reproduce the spinal curvatures. The combined method of three-dimensional body scan and finite element model simulations thus provide quantitative anatomical information about the position, rotation and inclination of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae within a three-dimensional torso. Furthermore, the simulations showed unequal distributions of stress and strain profiles across the intervertebral discs, due to their distortions, which might help to further understand the pathogenesis of scoliosis.
A new perspective from time use research on the effects of social restrictions on COVID-19 behavioral infection risk
Authors: Gershuny Jonathan , Sullivan Oriel , Sevilla Almudena , Vega-Rapun Marga , Foliano Francesca , Lamote de Grignon Juana , Harms Teresa , Walthery Pierre
Published: February 2021

We present findings from three waves of a population-representative, UK time-use diary survey conducted both pre- and in real time during full ‘lockdown’, and again following the easing of social restrictions. We used an innovative online diary instrument that has proved both reliable and quick-to-field. Combining diary information on activity, location, and co-presence to estimate infection risks associated with daily behavior, we show clear changes in risk-associated behavior between the pre, full-lockdown and post full-lockdown periods. We document a shift from more to less risky daily behavior patterns (combinations of activity/location/co-presence categories) between the pre-pandemic pattern and full lockdown in May/June 2020, followed by a reversion (although not a complete reversal) of those patterns in August 2020 following the end of the first lockdown. Because, in general, a populations’ time use changes relatively slowly, the behavioral changes revealed may be interpreted as a consequence of the UK COVID-19 lockdown social restrictions and their subsequent relaxation.
Association between cotinine-verified smoking status and moderately increased albuminuria in the middle-aged and older population in Korea: A nationwide population-based study
Authors: Choi Yeonjoo , Park Joo-Hyun , Kim Do-Hoon , Kim Hyun Jin , Suh Euijung , Kim Ki-Hoon , Ahn Jae Joon , Lee Gyu-Na , Jung Jin-Hyung , Han Kyungdo , Shin You-Na
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Although several self-reported questionnaire-based studies have found an association between smoking and moderately increased albuminuria, this result remains controversial. We investigated whether moderately increased albuminuria was associated with smoking status, verified by urinary cotinine (an objective biomarker of tobacco exposure), using population-based, nationally representative data.

Methods

This study included 2059 participants aged ≥ 50 years from the 2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Individuals with a urinary cotinine level ≥ 50 ng/mL were identified as cotinine-verified smokers. Moderately increased albuminuria was defined as a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ranging between ≥ 30 mg/g and < 300 mg/g. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between cotinine-verified smoking status and moderately increased albuminuria.

Results

Among the study participants, 16.9% were cotinine-verified smokers, 84.8% of whom were men. After adjustment for multiple covariates, cotinine-verified smokers showed a significant positive association with moderately increased albuminuria (adjusted odds ratio: 4.37, 95% confidence interval: 1.63–11.71) compared with cotinine-verified non-smokers. The association between urinary cotinine and moderately increased albuminuria did not differ with age, sex, obesity, or comorbidities (P-value for interaction > 0.05 in all cases).

Conclusion

This large-scale observational study showed that cotinine-verified smoking is associated with moderately increased albuminuria in the Korean middle-aged and older general population, suggesting that smoking must be strictly controlled to reduce the risk of moderately increased albuminuria.
Beliefs and perceptions regarding cervical cancer and screening associated with Pap smear uptake in Johannesburg: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chisale Mabotja Mantwa , Levin Jonathan , Kawonga Mary
Published: February 2021

Background

Cervical cancer is a major global public health concern, with 85% of cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries. In South Africa, it is the second most common cancer amongst women. Screening and treatment of cervical cancer precursor lesions is associated with a lower incidence and mortality. This research determines the associations between women’s beliefs about cervical cancer and screening and the uptake of Papanicolaou (Pap) smears in Johannesburg, where cervical screening uptake is suboptimal.

Methods

This research was approved by the University of Witwatersrand Human Research Ethics Committee (Medical), clearance certificate number: M170243 and the Johannesburg District Heath Research Committee prior to conducting the study. All participants signed a consent form prior to participating in this study. This cross-sectional analytical study used an interviewer-administered validated measurement scale based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) to describe health beliefs regarding cervical cancer and screening among 280 women aged 30 years and older, attending Johannesburg primary care facilities in 2017. Logistic regression models, with robust estimation of variance to account for clustering of women within clinics, were fitted to identify health beliefs (perceived susceptibility, severity, barriers and benefit, cues to action, and self-efficacy) associated with ever having had a Pap smear (screening uptake), while controlling for knowledge of screening and potential confounders.

Results

Of the 280 women, 177 (63.2%) had ever been screened, 180 (64.3%) were never married, 199 (71.1%) attained secondary education and 133 (47.5%) were employed full time. Women of older age (AOR = 1.6 for a 5-year increase in age; CI: 1.3–1.9; P<0.001), with higher knowledge scores (AOR = 2.5 for a 5-point increase in knowledge score; 95% CI:1.0–6.3;P = 0.051), with lower perceived barriers scores (AOR = 0.4 for a 5-point increase in barriers score; 95% CI:0.3–0.5; P<0.001) and higher perceived severity scores (AOR = 1.3 for a 5-point increase in severity score; 95% CI:1.0–1.6; P = 0.017) were more likely to have had a Pap smear.

Conclusions

This study shows that women who take up screening are older, more knowledgeable regarding cervical cancer and screening, less likely to perceive screening barriers, and more likely to perceive cervical cancer as a severe disease. This highlights that for public health interventions to increase screening uptake, the focus should include tailored behaviour change communication strategies that address women’s beliefs regarding screening barriers and emphasize the severity of cervical cancer.
Differential impacts of freshwater and marine covariates on wild and hatchery Chinook salmon marine survival
Authors: Chasco Brandon , Burke Brian , Crozier Lisa , Zabel Rich
Published: February 2021

Large-scale atmospheric conditions in the Northeast Pacific Ocean affect both the freshwater environment in the Columbia River Basin and marine conditions along the coasts of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, resulting in correlated conditions in the two environments. For migrating species, such as salmonids that move through multiple habitats, these correlations can amplify the impact of good or poor physical conditions on growth and survival, as movements among habitats may not alleviate effects of anomalous conditions. Unfortunately, identifying the mechanistic drivers of salmon survival in space and time is hindered by these cross-habitat correlations. To address this issue, we modeled the marine survival of Snake River spring/summer Chinook salmon with multiple indices of the marine environment and an explicit treatment of the effect of arrival timing from freshwater to the ocean, and found that both habitats contribute to marine survival rates. We show how this particular carryover effect of freshwater conditions on marine survival varies by year and rearing type (hatchery or wild), with a larger effect for wild fish. As environmental conditions change, incorporating effects from both freshwater and marine habitats into salmon survival models will become more important, and has the additional benefit of highlighting how management actions that affect arrival timing may improve marine survival.
Distribution pattern of entry holes of the tree-killing bark beetle Polygraphus proximus
Authors: Takei Shin-ya , Köbayashi Kenta , Takagi Etsuro
Published: February 2021

Bark beetles attack their hosts at uniform intervals to avoid intraspecific competition in the phloem. Bark texture and phloem thickness also affect bark beetle attacks, and the bark characteristics are not spatially homogeneous; therefore, the distribution patterns of entry holes can demonstrate an aggregated distribution.Polygraphus proximusBlandford (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) is a non-aggressive phloephagous bark beetle that feeds on Far Eastern firs. They have caused mass mortality in Russia and Japan. However, the distribution pattern of entry holes ofP.proximusand spatial relationships with bark characteristics have not been studied. Thus, we investigated the distribution pattern of entry holes ofP.proximus. The distribution of entry holes was significantly uniform in most cases. As the attack density increased, an aggregated distribution pattern within a short distance (< 4.0 cm) was observed. The rough bark had a significantly higher number of entry holes than the remaining bark. The distribution pattern of entry holes demonstrated a significantly aggregated spatial association with rough bark. Finally, rough bark around knots had significantly thicker phloem than the remaining barks. These suggest thatP.proximusmay preferentially attack rough bark to reproduce in the thicker phloem under a rough bark surface.
Burzum shirts, paramilitarism and National Socialist Black Metal in the twenty-first century
Authors: Hedge Olson Benjamin
Published: February 2021

Over the last ten years, the radical right has proliferated at an alarming rate in the United States. National Socialist Black Metal (NSBM) has become an important feature of neo-Nazi, White supremacist and militant racist groups as the radical right as a whole has gained traction in American political life. Although rooted in underground music-based subculture, NSBM has become an important crypto-signifier for the radical right in the twenty-first century providing both symbolic value and ideological inspiration. The anti-racist and apolitical elements of the North American metal scene have responded in a variety of different ways, sometimes challenging racist elements directly, at other times providing ambivalent acceptance of the far right within the scene. While fans, musicians, journalists and record labels struggle to come to terms with the meaning of NSBM and how it should be addressed, NSBM-affiliated political and paramilitary groups have formed and started making their violent fantasies a reality. As many elements within the American metal scene continue to perceive NSBM as a purely artistic movement of no concern to the world outside of the metal scene, proponents of NSBM are marching in the streets of Charlottesville, burning African American churches, murdering LGBTQ people and plotting acts of domestic terrorism.
Channelling the darkness: Group flow and environmental expression in the music of Black Sabbath and Joy Division
Authors: Taylor Steve
Published: February 2021

Although they superficially belong to different genres of music, Black Sabbath and Joy Division share a fundamental commonality in that their music was shaped by – and powerfully depicted – bleak urban industrial environments. This article highlights a number of specific ways in which both bands’ music depicted (and was influenced by) this environment, including an unusually bass-heavy sound, the repetitive and continuous quality of their music, an austerity of sound, the rigid structure of songs and performances and lyrical content. Both bands attained such a high – or pure – degree of environmental expression because they were examples of the phenomenon of ‘group flow’. I examine the aspects of group flow identified by psychologists and show how both bands exhibited these, including a highly cooperative creative process, a lack of conscious deliberation and a prolific and spontaneous output. It was their group flow that enabled the two bands to ‘channel’ their environment directly and powerfully.
Brazilian native metal and the experience of transculturation
Authors: Garcia Marcelo Velloso , Gama Vítor Castelões
Published: February 2021

Politics and identity go together in Brazilian heavy metal. Headbangers often experience accusations regarding their less-than-Latin-American identity for enjoying a foreign musical style more than their own native styles. Even though this is partially true, Brazilian heavy metal engages national and musical identity in at least two different ways. The first is through the denial of any connection to Brazilian culture and its roots by accepting this anglophone genre. The second is through the transformation of the musical genre itself, thanks to the influence of Brazilian folk music. Based on these changes, we intend to describe how Sepultura laid down the roots that eventually flourished in the music of Arandu Arakuaa, a band associated with a movement known as the ‘Insurgency of Native Metal’, which describes itself as a union of Brazilian metal bands that write and perform songs about their country. We will also delve into how Sepultura, a highly regarded group often added as part of the ‘big five’ of thrash metal, used this influence to pave the way for other Brazilian bands, specifically Arandu Arakuaa, encouraging them to explore further possibilities regarding transculturation. Thus, in this article we intend to contemplate transculturation as a theoretical concept and as a tool to understand Brazilian heavy metal within its contradictions and core beliefs.
Familia-aniztasunaren trataera Haur Hezkuntzako gelan: prestatuta al daude irakasleak?
Authors: Ramos Haizea , Galende Nuria
Published: February 2021

Familiaren bilakaerak kontzeptualizazio berria ekarri du, hainbat familia-eredurekin batera. Hori dela eta, ikerketa honek familia-aniztasuna ezagutzea eta Haur Hezkuntzako etapatik ema- ten zaion erantzuna aztertzea du helburu. Horretarako, ikerketa bat egin da Bilboko 7 eskolatako 48 ira- kaslerekin. Ad hoc galdetegi bat sortu da, ikastetxe horiek familia-aniztasunari ematen dioten erantzuna aztertzeko, bai profesionalen ikuspuntutik, bai erakundetik bertatik. Jasotako datuak kuantitatiboki az- tertu ostean, bi mailetan hobetzeko alderdiak daudela ondorioztatu da, baita zenbait aldagaik, hala nola profesionalen adinak edo ikastetxeetan dauden familia-ereduek eragina dutela eskolan familia-aniztasu- nari ematen zaion tratamenduan. Azkenik, guztiak hezkuntzan dituen inplikazioak eztabaidatzen dira.
F.A.I.R. open dataset of brushed DC motor faults for testing of AI algorithms
Authors: Reñones Anibal , Galende Marta
Published: February 2021

Practical research in AI often lacks of available and reliable datasets so the practitioners can try different algorithms. The field of predictive maintenance is particularly challenging in this aspect as many researchers don't have access to full-size industrial equipment or there is not available datasets representing a rich information content in different evolutions of faults. In this paper, it is presented a dataset with evolution of typical faults (commutator, winding and brush wear) in inexpensive DC motors under extensive monitoring (vibration, temperature, voltage, current and noise). These motors exhibit a particularly short useful life when operating out of nominal conditions (from 30 minutes to 6 hours) which make them very interesting to test different signal processing algorithms and introduce students and researchers into signal processing, fault detection and predictive maintenance. The paper explains in detail the experimentation and the structure of the real, un-processed, dataset published in the AI4EU platform with the aim of complying with the FAIR principle so the dataset is Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable.
Prevalence, Predictors and Sources of Information Regarding Neuromyths in an Australian Cohort of Preservice Teachers
Authors:   Macquarie University, Carter Mark , Van Bergen Penny ,   Macquarie University, Stephenson Jennifer ,   Macquarie University, Newall Carol ,   Macquarie University, Sweller Naomi ,   Macquarie University
Published: February 2021

The term neuromyths refers to misconceptions about learning and the brain. Educator neuromyths may result in inappropriate instruction, labelling of learners, and wasted resources. To date, little research has considered the sources of these beliefs. We surveyed 1359 Australian preservice educators (M = 22.7, SD = 5.7 years) about their sources of information for 15 neuromyth and 17 general brain knowledge statements. Consistent with previous studies, neuromyth beliefs were prevalent. Predictors of neuromyth accuracy included general brain knowledge and completion of university classes addressing neuromyths, although effects were modest. Depending on the belief, participants relied on general knowledge, academic staff, school staff, and popular media. Recommendations for teacher education are presented.
Antimycotic Activity of Leaf Extracts of Medicinal Plants Against Dermatophytes
Authors: Jangid Renu , vbegum Tahira
Published: February 2021

Plant products have been used as medicines against fungal infectious diseases. In this research antimycotic activity of the leaf extracts of five medicinal plants (Nerium indicum, Catheranthus roseus, Lantana camera, Ziziphus mauritiana) were tested against three dermatophytes (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum. gypseum). Development of more effective and less toxic antimycotic agents is required for the treatment of dermatophytosis. The plant materials were extracted with methanol, ethanol and diethyl ether solvent to investigate their antimycotic activities in Vitro. Ethanol and methanol extracts of all selected medicinal plants were showed the positive activity against all tested dermatophytes. Diethyl ether extract was showed lowest activity against T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum and showed moderate activity against M. gypseum. The three dermatophytes differed with regard to their susceptibility to plant extracts.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Berbahasa Anak Melalui Permainan Tebak Nama
Authors: Sumiyati Sumiyati , Supriyati Supriyati , Subawi Subawi
Published: February 2021

Rendahnya kemampuan berbahasa anak kelompok B TK Bina Bhakti Sari Purwosari disebabkan karena pembelajaran yang menggunakan buku paket. Ada sebagian anak di TK Bina Bhakti Sari Purwosari yang mengalami kesulitan dalam berkomunikasi lisan. Untuk itu kemampuan berbahasa anak masih perlu ditingkatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa anak melalui permainan tebak nama di KelompokB TK Bina Bhakti Sari Purwosari Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari 4 tahapan, yaitu: perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak Kelompok B TK Bina Bhakti Sari Purwosari. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi, alat pengumpulan data adalah lembar observasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian setelah dilakukan tindakan, kegiatan permainan tebak nama dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa anak kelompok B TK Bina Bhakti Sari Purwosari. Sebelum tindakan rata–rata diperoleh 20% anak yang menyelesaikan kegiatan dengan baik kemudian pada siklus I menjadi 53% dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 87% anak yang menyelesaikan kegiatan dengan baik.
Perbedaan Pola Asuh Orang Tua Terhadap Kemandirian Anak
Authors: Umairoh Siti , Ichsan Ichsan
Published: February 2021

This research is motivated by an interest in the independence of group A children at RA Averous Bogoran Trirenggo Bantul. This study aims to determine the independence of group A children, parental tendencies, and differences in parenting parents towards the independence of group A children in RA Averous Bogoran Trirenggo Bantul. This type of research is quantitative research. The variables in this study include the variable parenting (Independent) and independence variable (Dependent). Respondents in this study were 34 children and parents from group A at RA Averous Bogoran Trirenggo Bantul. The results of the study in Aorous RA Bogoran Trirenggo Bantul group A obtained the results of the average independence of children in the low category of 5.88%, independence with the medium category as much as 26.48% and independence with a high category of 67.64%. For the authoritarian parenting trend of 11.77%, liberal parenting was 8.82%, and democratic parenting was 79.41%. Based on the results of statistical calculations using one way ANOVA test obtained F 45,393 with a significance value of 0,000 (0,000 <0,05), indicating that there are differences in parenting parents towards independence.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Kognitif Melalui Kegiatan Menggambar Bentuk-Bentuk Geometri Bagi AUD
Authors: Natacik Sri
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan kognitif anak usia dini di Kelompok Bermain (KB) Muria Cabak Tlogowungu Pati dan peningkatkan kemampuan kognitif bagi anak usia dini di KB Muria Cabak Tlogowungu Pati Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subyek yang diteliti adalah siswa KB Muria Cabak yang berjumlah 17 anak. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dan komparatif. Prosedur penelitian terdiri dari dua siklus, yaitu: siklus I dan siklus II, dengan masing-masing empat tahap setiap siklusnya, yaitu: menyusun rencana tindakan (planning), pelaksanaan tindakan (acting), Pengamatan (observing), dan refleksi (reflecting). Hasil dari penelitian bahwa (1)kemampuan kognitif bagi anak usia dini di KB Muria Cabak Tlogowungu Pati Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017 sebelum dilaksanakan tindakan (pra siklus) masih rendah. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari 17 siswa, baru 6 siswa atau 35,29% yang termasuk dalam prestasi baik (Berkembang Sangat Baik dan Berkembang Sesuai Harapan). (2)penggunaan kegiatan menggambar bentuk-bentuk geometri dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif bagi anak usia dini di KB Muria Cabak Tlogowungu Pati Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari: (a) Peningkatan kemampuan kognitif anak yang termasuk kategori Berkembang Sangat Baik (BSB) dan Berkembang Sesuai Harapan (BSH) dari pra siklus, siklus I dan siklus II, yaitu: pada pra siklus baru sebesar 35,29%, siklus I menjadi 70,59% dan siklus II menjadi 94,12%. (b) Peningkatan nilai rata-rata kemampuan kognitif anak dari pra siklus, siklus I dan siklus II, yaitu: pra siklus sebesar 8,76 yang termasuk kategori Mulai Muncul (MM), siklus I meningkat menjadi 10,53 yang termasuk kategori Berkembang Sesuai Harapan (BSH), dan siklus II rata-rata skornya meningkat lagi menjadi 12,35 dan termasuk kategori Berkembang Sesuai Harapan (BSH).
Upaya Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di RA Insan Mulia Yogyakarta
Authors: Kurniati Rya , Zubaedah Siti
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah RA Insan Mulia Bambanglipuro Bantul Yogyakarta. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan instrumen yang digunakan yaitu pedoman observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data adalah teknik analisis data reduction, data display dan conclusion drawing/verification. Teknik menguji mengkaji lebih mendalam mengenai upaya yang dilakukan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru. Kinerja guru di RA Insan Mulia Bambanglipuro Bantul belum sepenuhnya baik, masih terdapat beberapa guru yang kinerja nya belum maksimal dan masih perlu bimbingan dan dorongan dari kepala sekolah. Upaya kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru dengan cara meningkatkan spiritual agama guru, meningkatkan kedisiplinan, mengadakan pelatihan dan seminar, rapat evaluasi akhir pekan, pemberian motivasi, dan kekeluargaan. Factor pendukung dan penghambat kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru yaitu: factor pendukung antara lain dukungan dari yayasan, factor semangat guru, orangtua murid dan diri sendiri, factor penghambat antara lain waktu yang terbatas dan SDM atau guru baru.
Metode Drill dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Membuat Tas Makrame untuk Anak Tunarungu di SLB Bina Bangsa
Authors: Salma Yuliza , Fatmawati Fatmawati
Published: February 2021

This study discusses vocational skills in making makrame bags for deaf children. This research is a classroom action research. The aim is to improve the ability of children to make makrame bags and to determine the effectiveness of the drill method for learning in the classroom. The research method used is class action research that is to improve teacher performance through the e drill method. This research consists of cycle I and cycle II. in the initial condition of the child 33%, this is because it has not been given maximum training, so the researcher uses the drill method. in the first cycle the first meeting of the child obtained 42%, the second meeting 66%, the third meeting 75% and the fourth meeting 83% but in the core part of the child still needed help so it needs to be continued for the second cycle. both students get 83%, the third meeting gets 91%, at the last meeting students reach 91%, so proven by the drill method can increase the ability of deaf students to know the process of making makrame bags.
PENCEGAHAN KONFLIK MASYARAKAT LOKAL DENGAN PENDATANG BERDASARKAN PRINSIP NEMUI NYIMAH PADA MASYARAKAT LAMPUNG MARGA NUNYAI
Authors: Suwardi Suwardi , Dinata M. Ruhly Kesuma
Published: February 2021

Artikel ini membahas upaya pencegahan konflik antara masyarakat lokal dengan pendatang di kabupaten Lampung Utara dengan prinsip nemui nyimah, konflik yang terjadi didasari keberagaman suku dan adat istiadat yang dimiliki masyarakat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan socio-legal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan upaya melakukan pencegahan konflik antara masyarakat lokal dan pendatang dengan prinsip nemui nyimah. Upaya penyelesaian konflik yang terjadi dengan prinsip nemui nyimah dapat melalui instrumen ippun aneg sebagai wadah untuk menumbuhkan sikap mendahulukan kepentingan bersama dibandingkan kepentingan pribadi. Selain itu, faktor pendukung dalam penyelesaian konflik yang terjadi didukung atas nilai yang dipegang teguh oleh masyarakat seperti budi bahaso, titei gumattei, dan lima prinsip hidup dalam pergaulan sehari-hari, konflik yang tidak kompleks, kesadaran atas kepentingan bersama, dan dukungan pemerintah dalam mengantisipasi konflik.
On the Role of Isothermal Martensite Formation during Cryogenic Treatment of Steels
Authors: Villa Matteo , Somers Marcel A. J.
Published: February 2021

This contribution addresses the effect of sub-zero Celsius treatments at cryogenic temperatures on the steel microstructure. It is shown that the formation of martensite, including the socalled isothermal, i. e. time dependent or thermally activated, martensitic product, can provide an explanation to the observations in the literature that both the temperature of cryogenic treatment and the holding time at cryogenic temperatures may have an influence on the performance of steel products in service. This review traces the most important stages in the development of cryogenic treatments along the last 95 years and describes it in parallel with the description of the current state of understanding of the kinetics of martensitic transformation in steel. In the last part of the contribution, the new insight is put into context with a practical example where various types of subzero Celsius treatments are applied.
Boundary layer analysis for a 2-D Keller-Segel model
Authors: Meng Linlin , Xu Wen-Qing , Wang Shu
Published: February 2021

We study the boundary layer problem of a Keller-Segel model in a domain of two space dimensions with vanishing chemical diffusion coefficient. By using the method of matched asymptotic expansions of singular perturbation theory, we construct an accurate approximate solution which incorporates the effects of boundary layers and then use the classical energy estimates to prove the structural stability of the approximate solution as the chemical diffusion coefficient tends to zero.
A Survey of Mechanical Property Variability of Additively Manufactured Metals
Authors: Slotwinski John , Martin Christine , Johnson Terrence
Published: February 2021

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes, such as laser powder bed fusion, allow for the realization of parts with features and characteristics that cannot be achieved with traditional material removal manufacturing technologies. Despite impressive applications of metal AM parts in demanding aerospace applications, there remain concerns about the variability in mechanical properties of parts made with these processes. This variability leads to concerns by program managers and other decision-makers and a reluctance to potentially use metal AM parts in applications where they would otherwise be beneficial. Some of this reluctance might be assuaged if the actual property variability was better known. Here, we examine the literature of metal AM tensile property data to quantify variability in the metal AM process and compare it to the variability found in traditionally fabricated metals. It is shown that the variability in tensile material properties is somewhat similar between AM metals and conventional metals.
CaMKII Phosphorylation Regulates Synaptic Enrichment of Shank3
Authors: Jeong Jaehoon , Li Yan , Roche Katherine W.
Published: February 2021

SHANK3 is a large scaffolding protein in the postsynaptic density (PSD) that organizes protein networks, which are critical for synaptic structure and function. The strong genetic association ofSHANK3with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) emphasizes the importance of SHANK3 in neuronal development. SHANK3 has a critical role in organizing excitatory synapses and is tightly regulated by alternative splicing and posttranslational modifications. In this study, we examined basal and activity-dependent phosphorylation of Shank3 using mass spectrometry (MS) analysis fromin vitrophosphorylation assays,in situexperiments, and studies with cultured neurons. We found that Shank3 is highly phosphorylated, and we identified serine 782 (S782) as a potent CaMKII phosphorylation site. Using a phosphorylation state-specific antibody, we demonstrate that CaMKII can phosphorylate Shank3 S782in vitroand in heterologous cells on cotransfection with CaMKII. We also observed an effect of a nearby ASD-associated variant (Shank3 S685I), which increased S782 phosphorylation. Notably, eliminating phosphorylation of Shank3 with a S782A mutation increased Shank3 and PSD-95 synaptic puncta size without affecting Shank3 colocalization with PSD-95 in cultured hippocampal neurons. Taken together, our study revealed that CaMKII phosphorylates Shank3 S782 and that the phosphorylation affects Shank3 synaptic properties.
Single-Dimensional Human Brain Signals for Two-Dimensional Economic Choice Options
Authors: Seak Leo Chi U , Volkmann Konstantin , Pastor-Bernier Alexandre , Grabenhorst Fabian , Schultz Wolfram
Published: February 2021

Rewarding choice options typically contain multiple components, but neural signals in single brain voxels are scalar and primarily vary up or down. In a previous study, we had designed reward bundles that contained the same two milkshakes with independently set amounts; we had used psychophysics and rigorous economic concepts to estimate two-dimensional choice indifference curves (ICs) that represented revealed stochastic preferences for these bundles in a systematic, integrated manner. All bundles on the same ICs were equally revealed preferred (and thus had same utility, as inferred from choice indifference); bundles on higher ICs (higher utility) were preferred to bundles on lower ICs (lower utility). In the current study, we used the established behavior for testing with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We now demonstrate neural responses in reward-related brain structures of human female and male participants, including striatum, midbrain, and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mid-OFC) that followed the characteristic pattern of ICs: similar responses along ICs (same utility despite different bundle composition), but monotonic change across ICs (different utility). Thus, these brain structures integrated multiple reward components into a scalar signal, well beyond the known subjective value coding of single-component rewards.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRewards have several components, like the taste and size of an apple, but it is unclear how each component contributes to the overall value of the reward. While choice indifference curves (ICs) of economic theory provide behavioral approaches to this question, it is unclear whether brain responses capture the preference and utility integrated from multiple components. We report activations in striatum, midbrain, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) that follow choice ICs representing behavioral preferences over and above variations of individual reward components. In addition, the concept-driven approach encourages future studies on natural, multicomponent rewards that are prone to irrational choice of normal and brain-damaged individuals.
Ze współczesnej perspektywy o przysłowiach w niemiecko-polskim słowniku K. C. Mrongowiusza z połowy XIX wieku
Authors: Nowowiejski Bogusław
Published: February 2021

In the first part of the article the author justifies a large number of approximately 800 proverbs, in the strict sense of the word, which appear in the third edition of Dokładny niemiecko-polski słownik (Detailed Polish-German dictionary) by Christoph Coelestin Mrongovius from 1854, with didactic pragmatism and other requirements of the nineteenth century lexicographical workshop typical for the then translator dictionaries , including a tendency to serve an edifying purpose. The second part of the article, which is more extensive, includes conclusions coming from the analysis of the linguistic material. They imply that even though a great deal of the analyzed proverbs seem well known as they are a living element of the Polish language from the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, a contemporary user of Polish finds many of them not only completely strange and foreign but also archaic. Such a perception is influenced, among the others, by the fact that some proverbs have been completely forgotten for different reasons. Other seem hardly legible in result of their lexical composition, which includes ancient and already forgotten words or their meanings, i.e. dictionary and semantic archaisms; sometimes, past morphological and grammatical forms make a proverb seem strange for contemporary Polish people.
Czym jest „pojęcie" we współczesnym językoznawstwie?
Authors: Szczepankowska Irena
Published: February 2021

In the article the Author poses a question concerning the understanding of the term "concept" (syn. "notion") in linguistics - its status as a subject of a semantic description ("concept" in relation to "meaning") and as an element of metalanguage. She confronts the earlier structuralist perspective originating from logic with more recent ones used in psychology and cognitive linguistics, in which the meaning of linguistic units is equated directly with a notion as a mental conceptualisation and in fact as a conceptualisation process. The most important novum in the cognitive understanding of a "concept" as a subject of linguistic description is, according to the Author, the renunciation of the classical perspective (a conceptual category as "a set of features reserved for a class of items") and demystification - especially with reference to popular categories - its ostensibly objective static nature. A notion is treated as an area of knowledge organised (profiled) in a special manner at the background of the whole network of cognitive relations, that is embracing also elements of emotions, valuation, perspective and interaction of conceptualisers. Creating notions and encoding them in language thus requires other methods of representing the meaning of linguistic units than those well-grounded in linguistics under the influence of logical semantics - so that the descriptions refer not only to the designatum but also to the cognising entity.
Rej i jego „Krótka rozprawa..." w recepcji licealistów
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Karwatowska Małgorzata , Tymiakin Leszek ,   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie
Published: February 2021

As in the secondary school curriculum and textbooks there is a scanty of amount of information on Rej's literary output, it comes as no surprise that pupils' views on this author are limited and one-sided. In view of this insufficient presentation and discussion of Rej's writings, it seemed important to the authors of this paper to examine their reception by contemporary (almost adult) readers. A questionnaire, distributed among a group of secondary school pupils, provides some insights into their comprehension of this 16th century writer's works and his „Short treatise" in particular. The analysis of the questionnaires carried by the authors allows them to conclude that the pupils participating in the research know fairly little about Rej and his epoch, but as a result of a common opinion, strengthened by their teachers and textbooks, regard him as a distinguished Polish man of letters.
Funkcja perswazyjno-manipulacyjna emocjonalizmów w exposé Donalda Tuska
Authors:   Uniwersytet Gdański, Matuszczyk Bożena , Smoleń-Wawrzusiszyn Magdalena ,   Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Published: February 2021

The paper discusses the persuasive and manipulative function of emotive expressions in the expose of the newly designated Prime Minister that he delivers to the members of the Parliament. The present Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk presented his on 23 November 2007. lt is a text in which the logical order seems undermined by the rhetorical order. The domination of the rhetorical over the logical aspect sometimes even leads to conflicts with the grammatical order. This is all due to the extensive use of emotive utterances in the linguistic and the textual layer of the expose. A linguistic exponent of references to emotionality are the frequently repeated lexemes „to feel", „(a) sense (of)", and a set of emotional expressions such as: joy, sadness, affection, pride or shame. These expressions are used with reference to the Prime Minister himself, but also to the emotions of the society (I contend with sadness that, I am glad that, we were all moved, but we also felt ashamed). Among the factors that make Tusk's speech emotive there are also ameliorative terms (e.g. honourable, just, service, modesty and nobility), names of values depreciating the political opponents (e.g. cynicism, opportunism), as well as syntactic constructions (frequent repetitions, antithetic clauses).
Z zagadnień interferencji prozodycznej - intonacja polskich i angielskich zdań wykrzyknikowych
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Szymaniuk Dorota
Published: February 2021

The paper addresses the issue of intonation structure in Polish and English exclamation sentences as well as the problem of prosodic errors performed by Polish speakers of English in exclamation utterances. In our analysis narrow approach to intonation has been implemented, which means that intonation is tantamount to one component of suprasegmental system – speech melody. Discussion on the experimental findings is preceded by classification of head and terminal tone types with corresponding meanings for exclamation sentences in both languages under study. The auditory and acoustic data obtained show differences in Polish and English melodic structures, which can be the source of interference. The most crucial discrepancies refer to: 1. the ratio of initial pitch level of head and terminal tone, 2. types of tones in head, 3. types of terminal tones, 4. the shape of the falling tone.
Presentación de Signo Distintivo Grupo de investigación Doctor Angélico Iuris et Realitas
Authors: Sonia Patricia Cortes Zambrano , Andrés Felipe Cruz Téllez , Jennifer Vega-Barbosa
Published: February 2021

Este documento da cuenta de la presentación del signo distintivo del grupo de investigación Doctor Angélico Iuris et Realitas.
Ponencia - Dionisio Humberto Malagón Romero - Argentina y Chile - 2014
Authors: Dionisio Humberto Malagón Romero
Published: February 2021

Informe de movilidad académica. Universidad Nacional entre Ríos (UNER) y Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso (Chile).
Aplicación de la metodología 5S como factor integrador de normas técnicas para instituciones de educación
Authors: Hernando Camacho Camacho , María Camila Arrieta Prieto , Nathaly Estupiñán Romero
Published: February 2021

La metodología de las 5S en sus inicios permitió al sector industrial aplicarla con la finalidad de mejorar la calidad principalmente en las líneas de producción, sin embargo, con el paso del tiempo, su enfoque ha sido ampliado haciendo que organizaciones en diferentes sectores puedan organizar, clasificar, limpiar, estandarizar y mantener, los lugares de trabajo, sistemas y procesos, y de esta forma se convierte en una metodología aplicada en la gestión de calidad para las organizaciones de educación o procesos educativos. Dentro de su aplicación las 5S se han reconocido como factor integrador de sistemas de gestión en múltiples sectores, con base en investigaciones previas, esta investigación propone la articulación de las normas ISO 21001:2019 y la NTC 5555:2011 con la metodología de las 5S para las instituciones de educación para el trabajo y desarrollo humano. La investigación se llevó a cabo a partir de una metodología de enfoque cualitativo estructurada en 10 etapas orientadas a presentar una estrategia de armonización de los sistemas de gestión en beneficio de las instituciones educativas y de su proyección en un entorno competitivo y de mejora. En los resultados se presentó en primera parte una articulación entre los requisitos de la NTC ISO 21001:2019, la NTC 5555:2011 y los principios de las 5S y en segunda parte una propuesta para la integración de las normas antes mencionadas y los principios de la 5S organizada en 5 fases de acuerdo con cada una de las cinco S.
Seminario - Diana Carolina Godoy Acosta - Cartagena, Colombia - 2015
Authors: Diana Carolina Godoy Acosta
Published: February 2021

Informe de movilidad académica. Universidad de Cartagena. Seminario: ¿Cómo mejorar la Visibilidad Internacional de la Investigación en las IES?
Poenencia - Marta Gisela Durán Gamba - Medellín, Colombia - 2014
Authors: Marta Gisela Durán Gamba
Published: February 2021

Informe de movilidad académica.Presentación de Buenas Prácticas USTA en Medellín (Antioquia, Colombia).
Plan de trabajo semanal estancia de investigación Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Proyecto de investigación: Modelo de Gestión de Servicios de TI en las organizaciones prestadoras de servicios de TI en Colombia
Authors: Fernando Prieto Bustamante
Published: February 2021

Este anteproyecto plantea la necesidad de realizar un estudio y proponer un modelo de gestión de servicios de TI en las organizaciones prestadoras de servicios de TI, a partir de las problemáticas que en la actualidad estos enfrentan en la prestación de sus servicios y lo cual ha generado insatisfacción por parte de los clientes. La finalidad del estudio es identificar las falencias que presentan las organizaciones en las gestión de servicios de TI y proponer una modelo en el cual se aplicaran los procesos de buenas prácticas que plantea ITIL, al momento de atender un incidente o un problema en la continuidad de sus servicios TI. Para así formular recomendaciones que permitan aumentar los indicadores de calidad de los servicios y dar valor a los clientes.
Estancia de investigación - Álvaro Lizarralde Díaz - Neiva, Colombia - 2015
Authors: Álvaro Lizarralde Díaz
Published: February 2021

Informe de movilidad académica. Objetivo: Dictar taller para periodistas sobre cómo cubrir la violencia contra las mujeres y la población LGBTI y exponer resultados de investigación FODEIN sobre esas temática