bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of Pharmacological Services at Jasem Sidoarjo General Hospital
Authors: Prima Dewi Kusumawati  , Adani Dinanhashfi Hersariti  , Ajeng Rahardyani Hersariti  , Ardilla Oktaviana
Published: April 2024

Pharmaceutical service is a direct service that is responsible for patients regarding pharmaceutical preparations to achieve definite results in order to improve the patient's quality of life. Pharmacists must understand and be aware of the possibility of errors occurring in the service process and even in medication (medication errors). Medication errors are events that cause harm to patients due to the use of medication while being treated by health workers that could have been prevented. Therefore, pharmacists in carrying out their practices must comply with existing standards to avoid this happening. Pharmacists must be able to communicate with other health professionals in determining therapy to support rational drug use. In the residency assignment, the author has written about various strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the quality of pharmacological services at the Jasem Sidoarjo General Hospital. In this study there are several strategies to improve the handling of health services for pregnant women and toddlers. Based on the conditions above, the author wants to implement a strategy to improve the quality of pharmacological services at the Jasem Sidoarjo General Hospital. This activity begins by collecting data on drugs that run out quickly and those that are slow, as well as creating a return/compensation system for unused drugs, and recommending to management to spend the majority of the budget to replenish drug stocks at the pharmacy depot to make things easier for patients. Create standard operating procedures down to every little thing and distribute them to every room, even to the pharmacy depot. Updating the integrated computer system using the latest SIM-RS to synchronize data. Conduct training for all employees in stages. And evaluate patient satisfaction once a month. It is hoped that health workers will routinely supervise and monitor the reliability and ability of staff in the quality of pharmacological services at the Jasem Sidoarjo General Hospital so that the quality of service at the hospital can be sustainable and increase patient satisfaction.
Decreased Plaque Score Due to Gargling with Guava Leaf Decoction Among Adolescents at the “Sejati Muhammadiyah Rappang” Social Welfare Institution Sidenreng Rappang Regency
Authors: Juwita Husaini  , Rosmawaty  , Muhammad Tahir  , Ayu Lestari
Published: April 2024

Plaque plays an important role in the occurrence of dental and oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Plaque control needs to be done to reduce the buildup of plaque on the surface of the teeth. Gargling with boiled water from guava leaves is one effort that is believed to be able to reduce dental plaque scores because it has antiseptic, antibacterial and antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of gargling boiled water with guava leaves on reducing plaque scores in adolescents at the Sejati Muhammadiyah Rappang Child Welfare Institution. The type of research used is experimental research using a One group pre-test post-test research design. The sample in the study was 30 people taken using purposive sampling technique. Before gargling boiled guava leaf water, the participants' average plaque score was 2.193 with moderate criteria, there was a decrease of 0.536 to 1.656 with good criteria. The data was analyzed using the Paired T-Test and obtained a result of 0.001 or p < 0.05 so that the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis was accepted. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is an effect of gargling boiled guava leaf water on reducing plaque scores in adolescents at the Sejati Muhammadiyah Rappang Child Welfare Institution.
Prevention of Stunting by Providing Knowledge to Youth about the Impact of Early Marriage in Tayan Village, Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan
Authors: Devy Putri Nursanti  , Renny Nadeak  , Dewi Sartika  , Sriwaty Siregar  , Siti Ikhsani Ramadhani  , Novita Sari  , Evi Nur Widya
Published: April 2024

Stunting is a condition where human height is less than normal according to gender and age. The effects of stunting last a lifetime and even have an impact on the next generation and hampered development in terms of motor, verbal and cognitive. To prevent stunting, you can do socialization on the dangers of early marriage. The target of this activity is students who are in junior high school. The purpose of holding this activity is to increase students' understanding of the risks of the dangers of early marriage which is one of the factors causing stunting. The method used in this activity is counseling or socialization with data collection techniques in the form of observation and pre-test with the aim of determining whether or not socialization activities are necessary. Data analysis was carried out on the results of the pre-test and post-test to determine whether there was a change in understanding of the dangers of early marriage and stunting. In addition, the data was also analyzed to determine students' interest in engaging in early marriage. The results of this activity indicate that the implementation of socialization on the impact of early marriage at SMK Cahaya has an effect on increasing students' understanding of the dangers of early marriage and the risk of impacting stunting.
Analysis of Clinical Features of Pulmonary TB Patients at Dr. Hospital. P.P. Magretti Saumlaki in 2022
Authors: Anna Lince Dasmasela  , Yuly Peristiowati
Published: April 2024

Pulmonary Tuberculosis is the most common disease in 2022 at RSUD dr. P.P. Magretti Saumlaki Tanimbar Islands, Maluku. This study aims to determine the clinical picture of patients according to the characteristics of person, place and time. The retrospective approach is presented in descriptive form. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The sample was 51 pulmonary TB patients in the isolation room in 2022 with complete medical record files. The research results showed that the largest age group was 19-44 years, 24 people (47.1%). The male gender was more numerous, numbering 28 people (54.9%). The most common clinical symptoms were shortness of breath, 15 people (29.4%); The highest number of supporting examinations with Ro Thorax was 36 people (70.6%). The most common diagnoses were pulmonary TB on OAT as many as 22 people (43.1%). More patients returned home and recovered, namely 17 people (33.3%). The longest length of stay was 21.6% (3 days). The conclusion of this study is that pulmonary TB patients in the isolation room at RSUD dr. P.P. More Magretti in 2022: male gender, age 19-44 years, clinical symptoms of shortness of breath, AP/PA Thorax X-ray examination, discharged home recovered, and 3 days of hospitalization.
Optimization of Pregnant Women's Knowledge about Nausea, Vomiting and the Use of Ginger Honey Drink to Reduce Nausea, Vomiting
Authors: Erma Retnaningtyas  , Tri Hastuti  , Yuliana Elma  , Henderiana Kililily  , Dwi Purwaningsih  , Iriani Winoto  , Hendrika Lawalata  , Salmawaty  , Elbina Sihombing
Published: April 2024

Nausea and vomiting that occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy is caused by increased levels of the hormones Estrogen and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) in the serum from the placenta. Nausea, vomiting often occurs when you wake up in the morning, which is also called morning sickness. The aim of this community service is to optimize pregnant women's knowledge about the benefits of ginger-honey drinks to reduce nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester. This activity is carried out by providing education about nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy by giving a pre-test questionnaire about nausea and vomiting before being given counseling and post test questionnaire about nausea and vomiting after being given counseling. Then they carried out a demonstration on making Honey Ginger leaf drink and immediately distributed it for pregnant women to drink. This counseling was carried out at the Mawar posyandu in the working area of the Karang Indah Community Health Center, Merauke district, which was attended by 23 pregnant women. The results of the counseling before the counseling was given were 13 pregnant women (57%) with good knowledge and after the activity there was an increase in knowledge to 22 pregnant women (96%) with good knowledge. It is hoped that there will be more emphasis on treating nausea and vomiting by utilizing the natural wealth around us, namely ginger and honey.
Profitability and Feasibility of Onion Farming in The Lower Plains
Authors: Cordanis Astried Priscilla , Bana Maryance Vivi Murnia , Keraru Ester Nurani , Ngoni Maria Salestina
Published: April 2024

Due to the increasing demand for shallots from households, companies, and industry, the per capita consumption rate of shallots is expected to increase by 8.21% in 2021, making shallots a high-value horticulture product with great business opportunities. Reok District is a subdistrict that is suited for cultivating shallots because it is situated in a lowland region at a height of 12 meters above sea level. 50% less land was cultivated than the previous year. Reok Sub-District is a center for producing shallots in Manggarai Regency, which is a basis for considering a selection of research locations. The decrease in planting area will have an impact on shallot production in Manggarai Regency. 50 shallot farmers, who were specifically selected as the samples, were added. With the assist of the income equation and R/C ratio analysis, this study seeks to ascertain the profitability and viability of shallot farming in Reok sub-district. Based on the analysis's findings, it was determined that shallot farming in Reok sub-district generated an average revenue of Rp. Rp32,304,679.04 with an average of 0.51ha, and the R/C ratio was 1.85, which indicated that the sub-district's shallot farming was deemed to be feasible. This research examines BEP unit and rupiah BEP as material for consideration in the implementation of agricultural activities in the next period in addition to revenue and business viability analysis. where the rupiah BEP is IDR 4,441.45/kg and the unit BEP is 1996.095 kg.
Pengaruh Citra Merek, Kualitas yang Dirasa dan Promosi Penjualan terhadap Minat Beli Tiket Kereta Api
Authors: Fiqri Fiqri , Fuady Ikhsan , Yusnita Titien
Published: April 2024

The fierce competition in the transport market makes the companies that operate in this land transport have many challenges to face, so Transport company PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) on land belongs to this country must have a way to be able to compete with several transportation companies that are on both those in the air and those at sea. On the land itself a lot of competitors ranging from buses, railways, travel, and private vehicles. Certainly to win the competition PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) needs a way such as promotion of revenue, brand image, and accurately assessed quality to be taken in order to compet not only in the sector of land transport but also with air and maritime transport. Researchers use descriptive methods with a quantitative approach where data collection uses questionnaires. The study's sample population is a S1 student who is on the island of Java. Double linear regression and a descriptive statistical test were employed in this study's data analysis. The study's findings demonstrated that only the brand image with intense purchase intent from the analysis results is known that brand image influences the inclination to make purchases, this is known from the value t (54) = 5,386;P<0,05, whereas the promotion of sales has no influence over buying interest, whereas t(54) = -1,267;P>0,05 and the quality perceived does not have an effect on purchase intent, where t(54 = 0,902;P >0,05. This proves that sales promotion does not affect purchasing interest and the perception of quality does not influence purchase intent.
Towards real-time monitoring of odour emissions from waste treatment plants: a case study
Authors: Ratti Christian , Lotesoriere Beatrice Julia , Bax Carmen , Capelli Laura
Published: April 2024

The most recent Best Available Techniques (BAT) for waste treatment plants indicate odour as environmental pollutants to be monitored and controlled. In Italy, the prescription of permanent installations of electronic noses (or Industrial Odour Monitoring Systems - IOMS) in the environmental permit of waste treatment plants (WTPs) is becoming more and more frequent. IOMS are intended to provide a real-time estimation of the odour concentration at the fenceline of the plant. Although this type of IOMS application is becoming very common, it is far from being state-of-the-art. In this context, this paper describes a research project aimed at the implementation at the fenceline of a WTP of an IOMS network, comprising two IOMS and a meteorological station. The paper focuses on presenting the experimental procedure involved for training IOMS and verifying their performance in the field. 5 olfactometric campaigns were carried out at the plant to build IOMS calibration models aimed at WTP odours detection, classification, and quantification. Results of field performance testing proved, with classification accuracies above 95% achieved by both IOMS, a very good capability of properly trained IOMS to recognize WTP odours. Moreover, they pointed out a great agreement between the estimations of the odour concentration provided by the IOMS and the odour concentration assessed by dynamic olfactometry, thereby boosting the research in this field. Finally, the paper reports the results of 1-year monitoring at the WTP with the purpose of evaluating the possibility to define an alarm threshold for the odour concentration.
Experimental Investigation of Forced Convection in Plain or Partly Inserted Square Channel with Porous Media
Authors: Ali Sarmad A. , Rasheed Suhad A.
Published: April 2024

Several techniques are used to improve the channels' heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number. One of the methods used for these improvements is porous media (PM). This research deals with an experimental study of heat transfer by forced convection inside a square-shaped channel (0.12 x 0.12 m2) with a length of (0.5 m) and a hydraulic diameter of (0.12 m). The heat flux (4791.7 W/m2) is exposed below the test section, and other walls are thermally insulated. The air was used as the working fluid for the Reynolds number range (2689.6 to 5806.3). The channel was partially filled with the PM (glass spheres with 5mm diameter) by taking three different heights layers (20, 40, and 60 mm) and knowing its effect on the temperature distribution, the local heat transfer coefficient, locally Nusselt number, and the average heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number. Also, the same parameters were studied without PM inside the channel (plain). The results showed that the PM improved the heat transfer coefficient and the Nusselt number. Also, the temperature distribution decreased gradually with the Reynolds number increase for each height layer, the local heat transfer coefficient and local Nusselt number gradually reduced with the length of the test section increase for each Reynolds number, average Nusselt number increased gradually with the growth of the Reynolds number for each height layer. The PM layer at a height of (60 mm) gave the best improvement in the heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number compared to the other layers. In addition, the friction factor across the test section at this layer decreases gradually with increasing fluid velocity.
Culinary MSME Business Development Model Post the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wati Lela Nurlaela , Amalia Tazqia
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study is to examine the influence of distribution and digital marketing on the revenue and growth of culinary micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Jakarta. The research used quantitative research, and the sample consisted of 251 owners of MSMEs in the culinary sector in Jakarta.  The data analyses were performed using the Structural Equation Model. The food distribution channel has a favorable and substantial influence on the revenue of MSMEs in Jakarta, however it does not directly impact on the growth and advancement of MSMEs. Food distribution routes have a notable indirect impact on growth. Digital marketing does not directly impact revenue, but it does have a beneficial influence on MSME's growth and expansion.  The presence of operating revenue has a favorable influence on the growth and progress of MSMEs in Jakarta. The findings of this study are valuable for advancing the field of marketing science by providing insights for stakeholders, serving as input for culinary MSMEs, and enhancing understanding of the impact of food distribution and digital marketing on MSMEs' revenue and business growth. Consequently, MSMEs can adopt more effective business strategies and improve product sales. This study thoroughly investigates the direct and indirect impact of food distribution channels and digital marketing on the revenue and growth of MSMEs. This research is unique because it employs second-order confirmatory models, which address gaps in earlier studies that mostly focused on testing direct effects.
Kotler’s Decision-Making Model as a Predictor of the Consumer Buying Behavior of Young Professionals in the Philippines
Authors: Marcelo Jefferson , Maliwat Markdolf C. , Salacata Ivan Dean S.
Published: April 2024

The first stage in creating effective marketing strategies is to analyze consumer behavior in the market with regard to needs, attitudes, or behaviors as well as the influence of the environment. The researchers conducted this study to determine Kotler's decision-making model as a Predictor of Consumer Food Buying Behavior. This research aims to determine the perception of the respondents on how they purchase items in terms of the Kotler's Decision-Making Model and how the consumer evaluates the purchase of food items through their behavior. To determine the relationship between the consumer's behaviors based on Kotler's Decision-Making Model, the researchers used a descriptive design to gather quantifiable data for factual examination of the population sample. The respondents of this study are young professionals working and purchasing food items and living at the three (3) chosen barangay such as Barangay Poblacion, Guadalupe Viejo, and Guadalupe Nuevo. The total population of the study was 100 respondents. The researchers formulate a survey questionnaire through google forms for the data gathering procedure. This research shows a significant relationship between the customer behaviors during the journey and consumer buying behavior using Kotler's Decision-Making model. It shows only that attitude, norms, and intention play a significant role when a consumer decides whether to purchase or not the items. Culture, demand, and willingness to engage or buy the product are vital in the decision-making process. Finally, based on the study's findings, business strategies have been proposed that can be utilized by the business owners and marketing strategist for their business or companies employed.
Thanks, and thanks again: Unveiling the temporal dynamics of gratitude
Authors: HU JIE , Liu Zhaoyu , zhou xiaolin
Published: April 2024

Gratitude is a fundamental social emotion for interpersonal interaction. Previous studies have identified appraisals of benefactor’s behavior (i.e., attribution-dependent evaluation) and recipient’s benefit (i.e., outcome-dependent evaluation) as crucial determinants of interpersonal gratitude. However, they largely ignored the dynamic nature of gratitude and left unclear how attribution- and outcome-dependent evaluation processes interplay over time to affect the feeling of gratitude. Here we developed an interpersonal interactive paradigm and asked participants to report their feelings at different stages of the interaction. Our findings suggest that the partners’ decision to help could substantially elicit gratitude without outcome evaluation, while the outcome that can be attributed to benefactors’ crucial help has a strong effect on gratitude change over time and the outcome that is not directly affected by the help could nevertheless promote or dampen gratitude. This study advances our understanding of attribution-dependent and outcome-dependent evaluations underlying interpersonal gratitude via a dynamic appraisal framework.
Increasing Mind Wandering With Accelerated Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Over the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Aasen Steffen Rygg , Drevland Ragnhild Nicolaisen , Csifcsák Gábor , Mittner Matthias
Published: April 2024

Mind wandering (MW) is the intentional or unintentional experience of attending to internal task-unrelated thoughts while being occupied with an external task. Even though maintaining task focus is assumed to require executive functions (EF), it is not clear how and to what extent MW and EF interact. Research has found that activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is associated with EF and MW. To understand the causal role of the DLPFC in relation to MW and EF, researchers have turned to non-invasive brain stimulation. Thus far, most studies have used transcranial direct current stimulation, but the results have been inconclusive. To further elucidate the relationship between the DLPFC, EF and MW, we conducted a pre-registered, sham-controlled, triple-blinded within-subject experiment by combining intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) interleaved with a recently developed MW-EF task. In contrast to our expectations, participants reported significantly more MW following real iTBS as compared to sham stimulation. However, at the same time, psychomotor precision and EF improved, indicating that participants were able to engage in resource-intensive MW while simultaneously performing well on the task. We argue that iTBS enhanced the underlying executive resources that could be used to increase both MW and task performance in line with the resource-control view of MW. This finding opens exciting avenues for studying the complex interplay between MW and EF and provides empirical support for the utility of iTBS in improving executive performance during a demanding cognitive task.
Trends in occupational accidents and the departmental competitiveness index in Colombia between 2020 and 2023
Authors: Narváez-Chaves Miguel Ángel , Ramirez-Castro José Federico , Romero-Ontibón María Alejandra , Mojica Laura Valentina Rosero , Riaño-Casallas Martha Isabel , Palencia-Sánchez Francisco
Published: April 2024

Workplace accidents are a major concern for the workforce, as they can have negative impacts on workers' health and well-being. Additionally, these accidents can result in significant costs for companies, reduce productivity, and limit a country's economic potential. This study presents a statistical analysis of the trends in occupational accidents, diseases, and mortality rates among companies and workers affiliated with the General System of Occupational Risks in Colombia from 2020-2023. The study also examines the relationship between these rates and the departmental competitiveness index. The study is based on quantitative and descriptive research using data from the Federation of Colombian Insurers (Fasecolda) and the Private Council of Competitiveness. The data shows an increase in the number of affiliated workers from 10,564,334 to 12,574,832, and a corresponding increase in affiliated companies from 925,134 to 1,154,294. The occupational accident rates remained stable, but there was a significant decrease in occupational diseases from a rate of 4.8 to 0.8, with an approximate annual decrease of 40%. Similarly, the analysis by geographic region shows that central departments, which have more companies and affiliated workers, had higher accident rates. In contrast, peripheral areas, which have fewer companies and affiliated workers, had higher rates of disease and mortality. Note that these observations are based on objective data and not subjective evaluations. A positive association was identified between accidents and the competitiveness index, and a negative correlation was found between disease and mortality and the competitiveness index. However, these associations were not strong. To formulate public health policies in Colombia, further studies are required with longer follow-up periods to evaluate upcoming trends and the impact of occupational accidents on labor productivity.
Error Analysis of Written English Paragraphs by Kurdish and Arab Students: A Comparative Study
Authors: Barzani Sami Hussein Hakeem , Baiz Awat Birqe Muho
Published: April 2024

Competence in writing is an indispensable skill crucial for both academic and professional success, enabling effective expression of ideas, thoughts, and information. Writing proficiency encompasses more than word arrangement, extending to organizing ideas, utilizing proper grammar and punctuation, and conveying meaning clearly. However, second/foreign language learners often grapple with challenges in cultivating proficient writing skills. This investigation meticulously examines errors in a dataset comprising 40 English paragraphs authored by Kurdish and Arab learners. Employing error analysis, the study identifies and categorizes errors with the aim of discerning potential variations in error types and frequencies between the two student groups. Additionally, the research delves into gender-related differences in error occurrence. The results provide valuable insights for crafting language teaching materials and strategies tailored to English learners from Kurdish and Arab backgrounds, illuminating linguistic hurdles these students confront. The study’s findings underscore that punctuation errors prevail among both groups, exhibiting no significant disparities between Kurdish and Arab students. Similarly, gender differences among students do not yield any noteworthy distinctions.
Relação entre a exposição ocupacional a Radiação Ionizante em Trabalhadores da Saúde e o desenvolvimento de Cancro de Mama
Authors: Pereira André , Ribeiro Ana , Miranda Gonçalo , Silva Paulo , Silva Ana , Soares João , Cruz Linda
Published: April 2024

Introduction Every year more than 2.3 million cases of breast cancer are registered, making it the most common type of cancer among adults. The association between breast cancer and occupational factors is an issue that has been studied in the literature since the beginning of the 18th century. Technological developments have allowed a more in-depth study of the relationship between breast cancer and occupational factors such as exposure to chemicals, pesticides, metals and also sources of exposure to ionising and non-ionising radiation.The aim of the present literature review is to complete an update on the scientific knowledge about the relationship between occupational exposure to ionising radiation in healthcare workers and the development of breast cancer. Methodology A research was carried using Medline with the PubMed search engine and Elsevier with the Science Direct search engine. The search words used were a combination of breast cancer, occupational exposure, ionizing radiation and healthcare workers. A research was also carried out in the Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional, using the terms “Breast Cancer” and “Ionizing Radiation”. Discussion/Conclusions Current literature is not unanimous about the specific clinical and pathological features of breast cancer possibly linked to occupational settings. Healthcare professionals such as radiology technicians, nurses, orthopaedic surgeons and interventional cardiologists are especially vulnerable to this type of exposure, particularly to ionising radiation. However, some studies have pointed to a difficulty in establishing a causal relationship between these factors due to the number of variables involved, such as the duration and intensity of exposure and the influence of other risk factors. Changes in equipment, procedures and protective measures have resulted in lower doses in recent years, which means that the risk of breast cancer is low at current levels of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. Keywords: breast cancer, occupational exposure, ionizing radiation, healthcare workers, occupational medicine and occupational safety.
Persistência de Sintomas um ano após Infeção por SARS-COV-2 em trabalhadores e seu desempenho em atividades e participação em situações de vida
Authors: Pádua Ana , Gama Marco , Alvarelhão José , Conde João
Published: April 2024

Introduction Although most individuals recover after acute infection by SARS-CoV-2, others may suffer from persistent symptoms with potential medium and long-term consequences on the performance of activities and participation, with possible implications for their fitness for work. Objective To analyze the persistence of symptoms twelve months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the perception of the performance level in activities and participation in life situations, of workers in a company of the industrial sector in the Aveiro Region. Methodology An observational study, developed in an Occupational Health Service of an industrial company in the region of Aveiro, including workers with positive SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR/TRAg test, between October/2020-January/2022. After signaling the infection, the Occupational Health Team applied a questionnaire collecting sociodemographic variables, a list of common symptoms during the acute phase of infection by SARS-COV-2, and the perceived functionality assessed by the Portuguese version of WHODAS 2.0-PT12 (where ’12 points’ means the most functionality). At twelve months, they filled out another list of persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection and again WHODAS 2.0-PT12. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate linear regression. The analysis was conducted with the software JASP 0.16.3. Results Eighty-five workers were infected with SARS-CoV-2, with a mean age of 36.1±9.8years, 77.7% were male, 36.7% had higher education and 17.7% reported at least one chronic condition. At twelve months, thirty workers (35.3%) reported persistent symptoms, with fatigue (27.7%) and arthralgia (14.4%) being the most mentioned. The mean WHODAS 2.0 in the two evaluation moments was 19.2±8.0 vs 15.7±5.0. Significant associations between WHODAS 2.0 items and persistent symptoms of fatigue, headache, cough, myalgia, arthralgia, and previous chronic disease were found. Conclusions Persistent symptoms twelve months after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection have repercussions on workers’ self-perception of performance in some activities and participation in life situations. The occupational health team can implement continuous surveillance of the infected worker’s health, assess the presence of persistent symptoms of this infection, and implement an individualized rehabilitation program, which minimizes the impact of the persistence of symptoms on their work performance, and in activities and participation in life situations. KEYWORDS: Occupational Health, Occupational Medicine; Occupational Health Nursing, SARS-CoV-2, Symptoms, WHODAS 2.0.
Medicine Users' Perspectives on Self-medication
Authors: Shrestha Santosh
Published: April 2024

This paper provides an anthropological assessment on self-medication practices. It seeks to investigate representations associated with self-medication and identify contextual elements which can reinforce or inhibit such practice by employing medicine-users' perspective on the non-compliance of prescription. Primarily based on the informal conversations/interviews with 10 informants, it analyzes how socio-cultural and different forces shape our understanding of and actions towards health, illness and healing and the ways of wondering and behaving related to self-medication. It explores a few determinants for self-medication including the influence of medicine-sellers, circle of family members and friends, the role of pharmaceutical marketing, notion of the health problem as transitory and a minor issue, familiarity with and easy access to certain medicines, and difficulties in access to health care professionals. It concludes that the ubiquity of cultural practice of self-medication is the function of the concept of people on inaccessibility, time consumption, unaffordability and dissatisfaction in the delivery of formal health care services.
Revisiting Basic School Social Studies and Human Value Education Curriculum in Nepal
Authors: Shah Rajendra Kumar
Published: April 2024

Social studies were already taught in schools in Nepal, and the contents of human values education have recently been incorporated into social studies. In the context of Nepal, this subject is completely new and it is necessary to study whether the implementation of the Basic School social studies and human value education curriculum including learning outcomes, content, teaching methods, and assessment procedures of this subject is effective. For this purpose, a mixed method has been used in this study. First of all, data and information were collected using a survey questionnaire. Thus, this study can be termed as a descriptive survey method. Secondly, an in-depth interview was also conducted to explore the perceptions of the respondents. Thus, this study may be termed a general qualitative method. Convenient sampling was used as a sampling procedure. Thirty social studies and human value education teachers from Basic Schools were selected as samples in this study. The findings of the present study reveal that there is a big gap between the philosophy of social studies and human values education curriculum and the social norms, values, and culture of Nepali society. Therefore, it is challenging to implement this curriculum effectively. Similarly, in the dissemination of the curriculum, the concept of the new curriculum has not been reached to all the teachers across the country. The findings of the present study further indicated that the learning outcomes, contents, and pedagogical practices of the curriculum should be improved. Last but not least, the role of parents, stakeholders, and students is crucial in the implementation of the Basic School social studies and human value education curriculum.
Association Between Mental Health Literacy and Stigma: A Review
Authors: Lamichhane Bishnu-Barsha
Published: April 2024

People with mental illness often do not receive proper mental health services. Lack of knowledge and social stigma are factors contributing to the low prevalence of seeking help for mental health problems. In low- and middle-income countries, only around one-fifth of the population receives adequate treatment, and this situation is similar in South Asian countries. Objective: The main objective of this review is to identify research on mental health literacy and stigma in SAARC countries. Methods: Three databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, and EMBASE) were searched up to September 20, 2022. A total of 47 articles were included in the review, of which five met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis was conducted to review the articles. Results: The relationship between mental health literacy and stigma was found to be negative, meaning that an increase in literacy decreased stigma and vice versa. The main barriers to treatment were stigma and lack of financial means to afford care. Conclusion: Government planners and policymakers should implement mental health literacy programs to reduce stigma and encourage help-seeking behavior among individuals with mental illness. The data highlights the positive effects of anti-stigma campaigns on mental health literacy and help-seeking.
लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटाका आख्यानमा मनोविश्लेषण
Authors: ढकाल रजनी
Published: April 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख नेपाली साहित्यका महाकवि लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटाका कथा र उपन्यासमा चित्रित मनोविश्लेषणको अध्ययनमा केन्द्रित छ । देवकोटाका तेह्रवटा कथाहरूको संगालो लक्ष्मी कथासङ्ग्रह र चम्पा उपन्यासमा पात्रका अन्तरमनका फरक तहको चित्रण भएको पाइएकाले ती आख्यानहरूमा रहेका पात्रको मनस्थितिको विश्लेषण यस लेखमा गरिएको छ । मनोविश्लेषणको सैद्धान्तिक आधार निर्माण गरी पाठपरक विश्लेषण विधिमा लेखिएको यस लेखमा कथा र उपन्यासका पात्रको मनोविश्लेषणका लागि यौनमनोविज्ञानको अभिव्यक्ति, बालमनोविज्ञानको चित्रण, नारीस्वतन्त्रताको मनोविज्ञान, मानसिक चोट र पागलपनको अभिव्यक्ति तथा लकानेली कल्पनाशीलतालाई आधार बनाइएको छ । लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटाका आख्यानमा पात्रको मनोविज्ञानलाई सूक्ष्म रूपमा केलाई समाजको अवस्थालाई बोध गराउन सफल रहेका र उनका आख्यानका पात्रहरू समाजको परम्परित सोचका विरुद्ध सचेत भएका, सामाजिक न्याय र वैयक्तिक स्वतन्त्रताप्रति जागरुक भएका देखिन्छन् । देवकोटाका आख्यानका पात्रहरू विभिन्न परिस्थितिका कारण आइपरेका असामान्य अवस्थाबाट चोटपूर्ण बन्न पुगेका छन् । त्यसैले प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटा समाजका वास्तविकतासँग जोडिएका आख्यानमा पात्रको मनस्थितिको सूक्ष्म चित्रण गर्न सफल आख्यानकार बनेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । उनका आख्यानले नारी, बाल, अभिघातीत पात्रका मनस्थिति, यौनचाहनाले विक्षिप्त पात्रका मनस्थिति केलाई समाजको वास्तविकताको उजागर गरेका छन् ।
Regional Planning in Nepal
Authors: Sharma Pitamber
Published: April 2024

Not Available.
An Econometric Study on Wheat Production in Bhaktapur District, Nepal
Authors: Kandel Navraj
Published: April 2024

Not Available.
New Electricity Tariff - Its Impact on Consumption, Revenue and Financial Performance
Authors: Karki Ishwari
Published: April 2024

Not Available.
Morphology of the Population Growth and Population Policy
Authors: Shrestha Ram Prasad
Published: April 2024

Not available.
Mathematical Framework of the Sixth Five Year Plan of Nepal
Authors: Ligal Prithvi Raj
Published: April 2024

Not Available.
Stakeholder Analysis and Management for Promoting Small and Medium-Scale Vegetable Processing Technology in Nepal
Authors: Joshi Prateek , Karn Sanjeev Kumar , Koirala Pramod
Published: April 2024

This article explores the intricate landscape of stakeholder analysis and management within the framework of promoting small and medium-scale vegetable processing technology in Nepal. Given that agriculture engages a substantial 66% of the country's workforce, the escalating demand for vegetables has been met with challenges stemming from the lack of support for vegetable processing industries, resulting in food waste and financial setbacks for farmers. Addressing these issues, the article advocates for holistic backing and promotion of vegetable processing industries in Nepal. The methodology section delineates a mixed-methods approach for stakeholder analysis, employing documentary reviews, key informant interviews, and surveys to get information. It further explores the constitutional roles of different government levels and details the initiatives by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development (MoALD) and other government agencies in propelling food processing technology. The stakeholder analysis provides a detailed examination of both internal and external stakeholders, categorizing them based on their power and interest. The power/interest grid and influence mapping assist in prioritizing stakeholder engagement and managing their expectations effectively. The article concludes by asserting that effective stakeholder management is crucial for addressing the challenges and promoting the growth of vegetable processing industries in Nepal.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 12(1): 19-28.
Comparative Phytochemical Constituents of Extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum Grown in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Nnaebue Ndirika D. , Anaukwu Chikodili G. , Anyaoha Victoria N. , Soludo Chukwuma O. , Isiaka Amarachukwu B. , Ajogwu Tobechukwu M.C. , Onuorah Samuel C.
Published: April 2024

Bryophyllum pinnatum is a plant abundant in several phytochemicals, that can be extracted, purified, and packaged for the goal of promoting public health. In this study, the phytochemical composition of the leaf extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum grown in Anambra State, Nigeria, was compared. B. pinnatum leaves were obtained from a farm in Anambra State, Nigeria. The leaves were processed and extracted using cold water and hot water extraction, methanol extraction, and ethanol extraction. The extraction processes were carried out following standard extraction methods. Preliminary qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to determine the presence and concentration of phytochemicals in the plants. Phytochemicals tested include alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthocyanins, reducing sugars, carbohydrates, proteins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, and phlobatannins. All the tested phytochemicals were recovered in the solvent (methanol and ethanol) extracts; carbohydrates, reducing sugar, protein, and anthocyanin were absent in the aqueous (cold and hot water) extracts. Varying concentrations of the phytochemicals in the different extracts were recorded, and they range from 0.00±0.00% to 13.30±0.22%, with the highest concentration of the extracts recovered in the solvent (methanol and ethanol) extracts. This study revealed that the extraction method used can influence the type and concentration of phytochemicals recovered in Bryophyllum pinnatum. Therefore, the specific desired phytochemical should determine the extract method to use in any study.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 12(1): 1-7.
A Cross-sectional Study on Patients' Perspective Towards Dermatology Outpatient Services from a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal
Authors: Pandey Prajwal , Shah Raju , Rani Swati
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Patient-centered care has received greater prominence in recent years, and it is paramount to assess the patient’s satisfaction to improve the quality of healthcare services. The present study is aimed at understanding the patients’ perspectives regarding dermatology outpatient services offered at a tertiary care center to determine the areas for improvement for better patient satisfaction.
Objective: This study is intended to understand the patients’ perspectives regarding a typical dermatology OPD setup and to identify the areas for improvement in a tertiary center in Nepal.
Materials and Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out using a content-validated, pre-tested, standardized, and translated questionnaire. All the patients who visited the outpatient department of Dermatology tertiary care center during the month of April 2022 and were willing to participate in the study were included.
Result: A total of 157 patients participated in the survey. The majority of the participants were males (56.7%) and belonged to urban domiciles (80.9%). Nearly 42% of the subjects were seeking dermatology consultation for the first time, and 68.2% responded that the duration of consultation was sufficient. The details of symptoms, clinical results, and medication were clearly understood by 89.8%, 82.2%, and 73.9% of the subjects, respectively. Maintenance of privacy was reported by 76.4% of the participants. However, 25.5% of the subjects reported a waiting time of ≥4 hours for consultation, and 34.4% suggested the need for more manpower.
Conclusion: The majority of the patients had a high degree of satisfaction. The areas of improvement include the adoption of technology-based appointment booking system, ensuring a good waiting ambience, increasing manpower, and reducing  waiting time for consultations.
Vitamin D and Skin: An Review and Update
Authors: Aryal Eliz , Bhari Jyoti
Published: April 2024

Vitamin D was recognized for its pivotal role in bone formation, but it is now recognized for its impact on the optimal functioning of various tissues throughout the body, including the brain, heart, muscles, immune system, and skin. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble prohormone steroid with endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine functions. Vitamin D receptors and the enzymes that can convert 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] into the active form, 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)D], have been identified in numerous cells throughout the body, including the skin. Vitamin D analogs are widely acknowledged for effective treatment of psoriasis vulgaris due to their anti-proliferative and pro-differentiating impact on keratinocytes. Beyond this, emerging roles for vitamin D in skin health include immunomodulatory and anti-apoptotic effects, suggesting potential applications in conditions like atopic dermatitis and infections including verucca vulgaris. Epidemiological studies have linked low vitamin D levels to autoimmune diseases like vitiligo, leading to the use of topical vitamin D in its treatment. Recent evidence also suggests that cutaneous vitamin D synthesis may contribute to preventing skin malignancies, and oral supplementation may reduce cancer mortality. Its role in the pathogenesis of various dermatological diseases has not been an exception and has been extensively studied in recent years. In this review, we will shed light on roles of vitamin D in various skin disorders.
Comparison of Safety Of Oral Ivermectin with Topical Permethrin in the Treatment of Scabies: A Comparative Study
Authors: Tripathee Rishab Dev , Sitaula Seema , Kharel Sanjeev
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis is the cause of scabies, a skin illness. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves permethrin cream (5%) for the treatment of scabies and is also recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as first-line topical therapy for scabies. Oral ivermectin, a novel antiparasitic agent that has been extensively used for several parasitic infections and can be used as an alternative approach for the treatment of scabies. This comparative study aimed to describe the adverse effects of ivermectin and permethrin and their comparison.
Objective: To compare the safety outcomes of ivermectin and permethrin for the use of scabies.
Methods: This is the prospective open-labeled randomized and comparative study carried out in the outpatient department of dermatology and venereology at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. In Group A, patients received oral Ivermectin tablets at a dose of 200 μg/kg on day 1 before breakfast, and in Group B,  patients received topical Permethrin 5% cream to be applied all over the body below the neck at night twice a week apart.
Results: This study included 93 patients who met the inclusion criteria, with 45 patients belonging to the Ivermectin group and 48 patients belonging to the Permethrin group. In the ivermectin group, the most common side effect reported was nausea, followed by abdominal discomfort and headache. In the Permethrin group, the most common side effect was a burning sensation on the skin after application of the drug, followed by irritation and erythema, which were  present in 3.2% and 2.2% of patients, respectively. The difference in overall side effects between the two groups was statistically not significant. (p=0.682)
Conclusion: Our study concludes that a single dose of oral Ivermectin given at a dose of 200 micrograms/kg is comparable to Permethrin cream 5% used twice a week in terms of safety standards. Neither drug caused any life-threatening adverse reactions in the patients.