bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topic Evolution of Library and Information Science Studies in the Last Twenty Years: A Co-Word Analysis
Authors: Habibi Shafi , Abdollahzadeh Parvin , Abdekhoda Mohammadhiwa , Aghayari Hossein
Published: May 2021

Abstract Background and Objectives: Topic evolutions of scientific and academic disciplines can be clarified by drawing scientific maps and identifies emerging or developed topics of scientific disciplines, sub-topics and the relationship between different topics of a discipline. The purpose of this study is to draw a strategic diagram to analyze the developments of the last twenty years of library and information science field. Material and Methods: This was a Scientometrics study with co-occurrence analysis of words that was conducted on ten journals with the highest impact factor in the field of library and information science. Twenty years (1998-2017) publications were extracted from LISTA database and imported into SciMAT software. After preparing the data, all publications were divided into four time periods, strategic diagrams of each period were drawn and topic clusters were analyzed. Results: The largest clusters of the first two periods were "Information Retrieval" and "Bibliometrics", which in the next period "Citation-Analysis" appeared instead of "Information Retrieval" cluster, but nevertheless the largest node of this cluster was "Information Retrieval". These clusters were the most developed topics in the field of library and information science. Conclusion: Information retrieval and bibliometrics are at the forefront of library and information science. Sentiment analysis and information literacy with a cognitive approach are emerging topics in the field. Also, studies related to information production and related indicators have led to qualitative research.
Workshop Training for Tooth Color Selection to Meet the Need Based and Competency Based Education in Dentistry
Authors: Jafari Navimipour Elmira , Pournagi Azar Fatemeh , Kholafazade Sarvin
Published: May 2021

Background and Objectives: Professional qualification-based dentist training plays an important role in providing the health services needed by the community. One of the most important steps in dentistry is choosing the color and matching the color of the tooth with the restoration. Color selection training in the curriculum of Iranian dental schools is provided to students as implicit training in some related courses such as restorations and prosthetics, and there is no separate practical unit for students to learn and practice more. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of workshop training in the quality of tooth color selection by final year students of Tabriz Dental School in the academic year2019-2020. Material and Methods: In a quasi-experimeایntal study; Final year students of Tabriz Dental School entered the study. Students were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, after selecting the primary color, through the workshop training strategy, color selection by Vitapan system in the right maxilla incisor 3 patients were taught simple, medium and complex method of workshop training and one week after training the correct color selection It was reviewed by these students. In the control group, color selection was done by students in exactly the same conditions as the case group who had received routine training. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods (frequency-percentage) and Fisher's Exact test and statistical software SPSS.16. Results: In all three groups of simple, medium and complex patients, the quality of color selection in the intervention group was improved, which was significantly different from a dental point of view; however, there was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in all three groups of patients. Also, the effect of training in choosing complex colors was more significant. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that workshop training had a positive effect on the color choice of dental students. Because dentistry is a procedure-based discipline and not all procedures are seen in the training curriculum. The dental professor can choose some procedures based on the pervasive need and teach in one workshop day. On the other hand, workshop training can be an proper educational strategy based on adult learning that learners show a lot of desire to learn according to their job needs.
Application of Information Technology Models, Approaches and Tools in Covid-19 Management: Rapid Review
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Zeinab , Maserat Elham , Kariminezhad Reza
Published: May 2021

Background & Aims: Simultaneously with Covid-19 epidemic, much research has been done about to facilitate and expedite the diagnosis of disease, to establish vaccines and possible treatments, and to understand the socio-economic effects of this disease. New technologies such as telemedicine, ehealth, virtual reality, expert systems and artificial intelligence are very important in the progress and success of medical sciences. The experience of similar diseases such as MERS and SARS has confirmed the usefulness of information technology in management of infectious diseases and epidemics. The purpose of this study is to review the applications of information technology in Covid-19 management. Material & Methods: The present study is a five-step scoping review based on the proposed Arksey and O'Malley framework. a) Identifying the research objectives and search strategy b) Identifying relevant articles c) study selection d) data extraction and e) Summarizing, discussing, analyzing and reporting of results. Results: The 24 articles were selected for data extraction from 6,297 articles. The present study is the most complete study of technologies used in the field of Covid-19 management. Most studies (58%) have shown the ability of artificial intelligence to detect patients with Covid-19 and identify lesions using CT images. Other studies have confirmed the effectiveness of telemedicine systems, electronic health records, expert systems and monitoring systems to reduce contact, rapid screening and proper disease management & control. Also, 46% of related studies have been conducted in China. Conclusion: Due to high spreading capacity of the Covid-19, the use of telemedicine technologies has been more tangible in order to maintain social distance. Also, because of similarity of Covid-19 symptoms with other respiratory diseases, artificial intelligence applied to rapid screening and and diagnosis. The results of our study confirmed more application of these two systems. The results have proven the effectiveness of technology in quick patients identification, self-quarantine, diagnosis and monitoring of disease.
Politics of disease control in Africa and the critical role of global health diplomacy: A systematic review
Authors: Chattu Vijay Kumar , Knight W. Andy , Adisesh Anil , Yaya Sanni , Reddy K. Srikanth , Di Ruggiero Erica , Aginam Obijiofor , Aslanyan Garry , Clarke Michael , Massoud M. Rashad , Jha Ashish
Published: May 2021

Background: Africa is facing the triple burden of communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and nutritional disorders. Multilateral institutions, bilateral arrangements, and philanthropies have historically privileged economic development over health concerns. That focus has resulted in weak health systems and inadequate preparedness when there are outbreaks of diseases. This review aims to understand the politics of disease control in Africa and global health diplomacy’s (GHD’s) critical role. Methods: A literature review was done in Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google scholar search engines. Keywords included MeSH and common terms related to the topics: "Politics," "disease control," "epidemics/ endemics," and "global health diplomacy" in the "African" context. The resources also included reports of World Health Organization, United Nations and resolutions of the World Health Assembly (WHA). Results: African countries continue to struggle in their attempts to build health systems for disease control that are robust enough to tackle the frequent epidemics that plague the continent. The politics of disease control requires the crafting of cooperative partnerships to accommodate the divergent interests of multiple actors. Recent outbreaks of COVID-19 and Ebola had a significant impact on African economies. It is extremely important to prioritize health in the African development agendas. The African Union (AU) should leverage the momentum of the rise of GHD to (i) navigate the politics of global health governance in an interconnected world(ii) develop robust preparedness and disease response strategies to tackle emerging and reemerging disease epidemics in the region (iii) address the linkages between health and broader human security issues driven by climate change-induced food, water, and other insecurities (iv) mobilize resources and capacities to train health officials in the craft of diplomacy. Conclusion: The AU, Regional Economic Communities (RECs), and African Centres for Disease Control should harmonize their plans and strategies and align them towards a common goal that integrates health in African development agendas. The AU must innovatively harness the practice and tools of GHD towards developing the necessary partnerships with relevant actors in the global health arena to achieve the health targets of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Attributes of screening and vaccination for cervical cancer: insights of an online survey among female school teachers of Kota, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Sharma Aparajita , Biswas Bijit , Sati Bhawna
Published: May 2021

Background: Cervical cancer is largely preventable. The study was aimed to find out the attributes of screening and vaccination for cervical cancer among female school teachers of Kota, Rajasthan, India. Methods: It was an observational study, cross-sectional in design conducted among female school teachers of Kota, Rajasthan, India using a predesigned structured questionnaire administered by Google Form during the months of March to May, 2020. In total, 397 schoolteachers from 18 different schools of Kota participated in our survey. Results: Among the study subjects, 33 (8.3%) had ever undergone screening for cervical cancer, whereas only 12 (3.0%) had taken vaccine against it. In multivariable logistic regression analysis; age (>40 years) [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 5.7 (2.0-15.8)], correct knowledge regarding frequency of screening (yes) [AOR: 6.0 (2.4-15.5)], positive attitude for the disease (yes) [AOR:3.0 (1.1-8.0)] and gynaecologist consultation behaviour (periodic) [AOR: 1.4 (1.1-8.6)] were significant attributes of ever undergoing screening for cervical cancer. On the other hand, themultivariable significant attributes of vaccination were age (≤40 years) [AOR: 7.6 (1.5-38.9)]and positive attitude for the disease (yes) [AOR: 6.4 (1.1-38.2)]. Conclusion: Acceptance of screening and vaccination for cervical cancer among the study subjects was found to be quite low. Policymakers should more actively involve school teachers in generating awareness and in raising the demand for cervical cancer screening and vaccination in their native communities to curb the disease in the country.
Racial and ethnic disparities in chronic health conditions among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bazargan-Hejazi Shahrzad , Ruiz Maria , Ullah Shakir , Siddiqui Gazala , Bangash Maria , Khan Shahbaz , Shang Wendy , Moradi Parissa , Shaheen Magda
Published: May 2021

Background: This study aims to examine and determine the role of race/ethnicity in chronic conditions in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during any of their previous pregnancies. Methods: We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from2007–2016 to identify women who self-reported prior GDM and chronic disease diagnoses such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).We used bivariate analysis using the chi-square test (χ²) and multiple logistic regressions to perform statistical test for associations, taking into consideration design and sample weight. Results: Among participants with prior GDM diagnoses, black women had a 74.4% prevalence of chronic disease, followed by Whites, 58.5% Hispanics, 58.0%, and Asians, 51.9% (P=0.009).Black women with prior GDM diagnoses had 2.4 odds of having chronic conditions compared to Whites (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28-4.50). In addition, they had higher odds of being former smokers (AOR=1.73, 95% CI=1.01-2.96),current smokers (AOR=1.96, 95% CI=1.06-3.61), having a body mass index (BMI) of 25-29.9(AOR=2.55, 95% CI=1.10-5.87), or a BMI ≥30 (AOR=4.09, 95% CI = 2.05-8.17) compared to their White counterparts. Hispanic women had lower odds of being diagnosed with GDM and associated chronic diseases. Conclusion: Black women with GDM were disproportionally affected and at higher risk to be diagnosed with chronic conditions. Smoking and obesity were strongly associated with chronic disease diagnoses. Our findings also suggest a ‘Hispanic Paradox’, requiring further study. These findings inform primary care clinicians and Obstetricians, and Gynecologists of at-risk patients who could benefit from lifestyle modification recommendations and counseling.
Role of community-based measures in adherence to self-protective behaviors during first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AL-Shammary Asma Ayyed , Hassan Sehar un-Nisa , Zahra Aqeela , Algahtani Fahad Bin Zafir , Suleiman Shadi
Published: May 2021

Background: The expected second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has started in various regions of the world. Public health experts warned that it could be as lethal as the first wave if people did not comply with self-protective measures. Currently, there is a gap in the literature on the relationship between peoples’ assessment of the effectiveness of community-based measures regarding adherence to self-protective behaviors for COVID-19 prevention and control. This study aimed to assess the role of the perceived effectiveness of community-based measures in adherence to self-protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The cross-sectional online survey conducted from March 24 to June 22, 2020. The study sample Included 400 participants (49% male and 51% female) from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The outcome measure was compliance to four self-protective behaviors i.e., "social distancing;" "wearing facemask;" "washing hands more frequently;" and "disinfecting surfaces in homes." We computed Chi-square statistics and odds ratios (ORs) using 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The findings demonstrated that participants aged 25–34 years old were 25% less likely to comply with hand hygiene (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.33–0.95) and social distancing (OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.34–0.98). Misconceptions related to COVID-19 significantly decreased compliance with self-protective behaviors by up to 27%. Participants who rated government decisions as useful were approximately 1.7 times more likely to comply with self-protective behaviors. Conclusion: Community-based measures should focus on engaging segments of the population That are currently less compliant. Health education policies should also focus on enhancing the perceived sense of control and personal responsibility and reduce anxiety levels. A continuous commitment to the implementation of preventive interventions and the clarification of misconceptions are required to combat the expected second wave.
Validity and reliability of the Iranian preterm birth experiences and satisfaction scale: A methodological and cross-sectional study
Authors: Najjarzadeh Maryam , Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi Sakineh , Abbas-Alizadeh Shamsi , Asghari Jafarabadi Mohammad , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Tagipour-Amidi Nahid , Sawyer Alexandra , Ayers Susan
Published: May 2021

Background: Women’s experience and satisfaction with childbirth care are increasingly being addressed by health care providers, managers, and policymakers. Due to need for a validated special scale for assessing satisfaction of women with preterm birth, we aimed to translate and adapt the first specific tool, Preterm Birth Experiences and Satisfaction Scale (P-BESS), into Persian language and evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: A methodological and cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary levels of maternal hospitals in Tabriz. The Iranian version of the scale was developed from the original English version using forward-backward translation. After confirmation of its face and content validity, the scale was completed by 201 women who had given birth prematurely. Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors (staff professionalism and empathy, confidence in Staff, information and explanations) with eigenvalues greater than 1, explaining a total variance of 55.4%. Confirmatory factory analysis showed that the 17-item, three factor model fitted the data well: the root mean square error of approximation 0.060. There were moderate correlations between the total and sub-scales of Iranian P-BESS and overall satisfaction (r = 0.45 to 0.66), as well as need for improvement (r = -0.46 to -0.61), which confirm convergent validity. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the scale and its sub-scales were satisfactory (α = 0.852 to 0.922, intraclass correlation coefficient; 0.83 to 0.92). Conclusion: The Iranian version of P-BESS is a valid and reliable scale which can be used by policy makers, managers, health care providers and researchers.
Association of mentally-passive and mentally-active sedentary behaviors with device-measured bouts and breaks of sedentary time in adolescents
Authors: Werneck André O , Romanzini Marcelo , Silva Danilo R. , Oyeyemi Adewale L. , Bueno Maria R. , Ronque Enio R. V.
Published: May 2021

Background: Our aim was to analyze the association of self-reported mentally-passive and mentally-active sedentary behaviors with different patterns (bouts and breaks) of device-measured sedentary time in adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 375 adolescents (177 boys) aged 1015 years. Total time, bouts and breaks of sedentary time were measured through accelerometers. Self-reported sedentary behavior in different activities was summed and divided into mentally-active (playing electronic games, studying and reading) and mentally-passive (watching TV, watching DVD, and using computer for leisure). Bayesian linear regression models were used for association analyses. Results: Only mentally-passive sedentary behaviors were positively associated with longer bouts [1-4 minutes: mean posterior distribution: -0.431 (95% credible interval: -0.745 to -0.114); =15 minutes: 0.641 (0.122 to 1.222)] and lower number of breaks [-0.138 (-0.228 to -0.044)] of device-measured sedentary time. Conclusion: Self-reported mentally-passive sedentary behaviors are associated with longer bouts and lower breaks of device-measured sedentary time.
Development and Psychometric Properties Evaluation of a Care Needs Questionnaire in Phase 1 Cardiac Rehabilitation for Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: CNCR-Q
Authors: Sayadi Neda , Alteren Johanne , Zarea Kourosh , Mohammadi Eesa
Published: May 2021

Abstract Introduction:Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most common chronic illnesses and the leading cause of mortality worldwide. This study aimed to design and assess the psychometric properties of questionnaire to examine the care needs of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in phase 1 of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Methods:This sequential exploratory study used a mixed method with two phases. In the first phase, qualitative study was performed by analyzing the concept of Schwartz-Barcott-Kim hybrid model; and in the second phase, quantitative data were obtained and analyzed for the psychometric parameters of the designed tool. Results:The questionnaire for care needs was based on the indicators of measurement, which was identified in the qualitative phase of the study, as a tool with 40 items. After conducting face validity qualitatively, all tool items were considered important and were retained for the next steps. After completing the steps for determining the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) of 40 items, they were preserved for decision making at a later stage. The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors; the factor analysis of three items was eliminated and the final version of the questionnaire CNCR-Q (Care Needs Cardiac Rehabilitation-Questionnaire) with 37 items remained. Conclusion:The findings indicated that the questionnaire with properties, such as simple scoring, reliability and validity, is an appropriate tool for assessing care needs in Iranian patients with CAD. Moreover, the CNCR-Q is an effective instrument for assessing patient needs before discharge.
The role of prognostic nutritional index in predicting amputation in patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease
Authors: Erken Pamukcu Hilal , Sunman Hamza , Taş Alperen , Aker Mert , Şahan Haluk Furkan , Açıkel Sadık
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) can lead to a wide spectrum of symptoms that can progress from claudication to amputation. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), which is calculated using the levels of albumin and lymphocyte, is an accepted indicator of immunological and nutritional status. In this study, the association between nutritional status determined using the PNI, and extremity amputation in patients with lower-extremity PAD was investigated. Methods: Lower-extremity PAD patients who had been admitted to the cardiology clinic of the Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training & Research Hospital with stage 2b or higher claudication, and who were technically unsuitable for revascularization or underwent unsuccessful revascularization procedure were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were grouped according to whether or not limb amputation had been performed previously. Potential factors were tested to detect independent predictors for amputation with logistic regression analysis. Results: A study group was formed with 266 peripheral artery patients. The amputated group (39 patients) had a higher number of hypertensive (76.9% vs 57.7%; P = 0.032) and diabetic (92.3% vs 54.2%; P <0.001) patients than those in the non-amputated group (227 patients). The median PNI value of the amputated group was lower than that of the non-amputated group (31.8 vs 39.4; P <0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the PNI (OR: 0.905, 95% CI: 0.859 – 0.954; P <0.001) was independently related with amputation. Conclusion: Immune-nutritional status based on PNI was independently associated with limb amputation in patients with lower-extremity PAD.
Evaluation of iron overload by cardiac and liver T2* in β-thalassemia: Correlation with serum ferritin, heart function and liver enzymes
Authors: Khadivi Heris Hengameh , Nejati Babak , Rezazadeh Khatereh , Sate Hossein , Dolatkhah Roya , Ghoreishi Zohreh , Esfahani Ali
Published: May 2021

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship of cardiac and hepatic T2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) values as a gold standard for detecting iron overload with serum ferritin level, heart function, and liver enzymes as alternative diagnostic methods. Methods: A total 58 patients with beta-thalassemia major who were all transfusion dependent were evaluated for the study. T2* MRI of heart and liver, echocardiography, serum ferritin level, and liver enzymes measurement were performed. The relationship between T2* MRI findings and other assessments were examined. Cardiac and hepatic T2* findings were categorized as normal, mild, moderate, and severe iron overload. Results: 22% and 11% of the patients were suffering from severe iron overload in heart and liver, respectively. The echocardiographic findings were not significantly different among different iron load categories in heart or liver. ALT level was significantly higher in patient with severe iron overload than those with normal iron load in heart (P=0.005). Also, AST level was significantly lower in normal iron load group than mild, moderate, and severe iron load groups in liver (P<0.05). The serum ferritin level was significantly inversely correlated with cardiac T2* values (r = -0.34, P=0.035) and hepatic T2* values (r = -0.52, P=0.001). Conclusion: Cardiac and hepatic T2* MRI indicated significant correlation with serum ferritin level.
Effect of different types of acid-etching agents and adhesives on enamel discoloration during orthodontic treatment
Authors: Shayan Arman Mohmmadi , Behroozian Ahmad , Sadrhaghighi Amirhouman , Dolatabadi Amirmohammad , Hashemzadeh Sevda
Published: May 2021

Background. Acid etching and bonding is a routine process in orthodontic treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate enamel discoloration after using different types of acid etching and adhesive agents. Methods. A total of 105 extracted human premolars were divided into six groups regarding the type of acid etching agent: solution and gel of 37% phosphoric acid, and type of self-cured adhesive agent: Unite (3M, fluoride-free), Resilience (Ortho Technology), and Rely-a-Bond (Reliance, fluoride-releasing adhesive), with each group containing 15 specimens. All the selected teeth were subjected to a staining process, and color parameters were determined using a spectrophotometer. Results. The type of phosphoric acid (solution or gel) had no significant effect on the color change of enamel (P>0.05). Resilience significantly changed the enamel color compared to the Unite and Rely-a-Bond (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in color change between the Unite and Rely-a-Bond adhesives (P=0.67). The difference in color change between all the three time intervals (T0-T1, T1-T2, and T0-T2) was significant (P<0.001). Conclusion. In this study, the type of phosphoric acid (solution or gel) did not result in any significant difference in enamel color. Also, considering the lack of the effect of the orthodontic adhesive type in terms of fluoride release or no fluoride release, it can be concluded that this is most affected by the commercial brand of adhesives.
Comparative assessment of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) vs. topical application of amlexanox + lidocaine to treat recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAUs): A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Marya Charu Mohan , Mehlawat Jiksha , Nagpal Ruchi , Kataria Sakshi , Taneja Pratibha
Published: May 2021

Background. The present study aimed to assess and compare the pain perception and ulcer sizes before and after applying low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and Amlexanox + lidocaine. Methods. Twenty-six patients referring to the out-patient department of the institution and diagnosed with recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) were assigned to two groups to receive either LLLT or Amlexanox + lidocaine. In group 1, the patients were provided with amlexanox + lidocaine to apply topically four times daily. In group 2, the patients underwent LLLT with no tissue contact in inward circular motions for two cycles for 30 seconds. This study was registered in "the Clinical Trials Registry- India" (CTRI), with the registration number CTRI/2019/09/028222. The data were analyzed with SPSS 16. Results. The intergroup comparison was performed using Mann-Whitney U test, and intragroup comparisons were made using Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. The results showed that pain perception and ulcer size were significantly lower in group 2 subjects than group 1 subjects (P<0.05). Conclusion. LLLT was more effective than amlexanox + lidocaine in the management of RAU. It is a cost-effective therapy for treating RAU.
Evaluation of bone regeneration in mandible large defect using undifferentiated adipose stem cells loaded on gelatin carrier: An animal model case study
Authors: Mesgarzadeh Ali Hossein , Nasiri Islam , Jarolmasjed Seyedhosein , Naghibi Mehran , Shafaei Hajar
Published: May 2021

Background. Large mandibular defects are considered difficult reconstructive challenges for oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Cell therapy, as an alternative technique, might increase the speed of bone regeneration. This study aimed to investigate bone regeneration in large defects of dog mandibles using allogenic adipose-derived stem cells on gelatin foam as a cell carrier. Methods. The tissue engineering phase consisted of the sampling of adult dogs’ adipose tissue that can easily be isolated from adipose stem cells (ASCs) of the dogs, ASCs were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM, Gibco, USA) with low glucose, containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Sigma, USA) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Gibco, USA), with the characterization of dog ASCs and gelatin-transplanted ASCs. Six dogs were included in this experimental study in the next step and randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups. The samples in both groups underwent surgery under general anesthesia to create uniform 3-cm bony defects. The samples in both groups were reconstructed with titanium reconstruction plates and screws. A large bone gap filled with ASCs (5×106 ) was seeded on gelatin (ASCs) in the treatment group. In the control group, bony defects were filled with a cell delivery carrier without ASCs. Six months after transplantation, the animals’ mandibles were evaluated by CT scan imaging, and the results were quantified through the Hounsfield unit (HU). The data were analyzed with t-test. Results. Before transplantation, the nature of the stem cells was confirmed by the expression of CD44 and CD105 cell markers at 71.9% and 89.3%, respectively, and a lack of the CD45 cell marker expression at 2.2%. Evaluation of CT scan images showed significantly higher bone repair in the ASCs group (920.25±572.92 HU) than in the control group (-94.746± 08.42). Conclusion. The bone regeneration of the ASCs group was significantly higher than that in the control group.
Ki-67 expression as a diagnostic biomarker in odontogenic cysts and tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jabbarzadeh Mahnaz , Hamblin Michael R. , Pournaghi-Azar Fatemeh , Vakili Saatloo Maedeh , Kouhsoltani Maryam , Vahed Nafiseh
Published: May 2021

Ki-67 is a marker of cell proliferation, used as an important diagnostic marker in the pathologic differentiation of various lesions. It is also relevant for developing targeted molecular therapies. We carried out a systematic review to assess the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) in odontogenic cysts and tumors. Databases were searched, including PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, CINHAL, PsycoInfo, the Cochrane Library, and Proquest. The meta-analysis was carried out based on the data of 608 lesions. When a 5% cut-off point was set, ki-67 LI of all benign odontogenic tumors dropped below this point. All the malignant tumors demonstrated an LI of over 15.3%; a significantly higher Ki-67 LI in malignant odontogenic lesions (17.59±2.80) was observed. Among benign tumors, the largest and the smallest Ki-67 LIs were seen in ameloblastoma (4.39±0.47) and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (0.91±1.71). The mean values of Ki-67 LI in tumors and cysts were 4.23 (0.38) and 1.04 (0.07), respectively. Among odontogenic cysts, the highest Ki-67 LI was found in odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) (3.58±0.51), and the lowest in the radicular cyst (1.29±0.62%). Ki-67 LIs in all odontogenic cysts were <3%, except for OKC. This controversial lesion seems to have a profile more similar to a tumor, and a treatment plan similar to tumors might be suggested. We found that odontogenic lesions have diverse proliferative activities that help differentiate between various lesions and suggest therapeutic plans.
Comparison of Clinical and Biochemical Parameters of Patients with Guillain Barre Syndrome and Myasthenia Gravis: Retrospective Single Center Experience
Authors: Nuri Kocak Mehmet , Tekin Erdal , Bayraktar Mustafa
Published: May 2021

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and Miyastenia gravis (MG) are common neurological autoimmune diseases. With this study, we aimed to compare the patients’ complaints, clinical course and laboratory parameters of both diseases. Methods: This study was carried out as a retrospective file scan. The study covers the dates between April 1, 2017, and April 20, 2020. The GBS and MG patients were compared in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, application complaints, clinical course, laboratory findings, treatments and outcomes. Results: In this study, 51 patients from both groups were included. The mean age of GBS and MG patients was 52.1 ±19.4 and 43.6 ±15.8 years, respectively. Respiratory involvement of the patients was 23.5% in GBS and 17.6% in MG. When the treatments of the patients were compared, it was observed that 78.4% of GBS patients and 98% of MG received IVIG treatments. Only two patients from GBS group were found to be ex. When the laboratory results were compared, it was found that lactate, vitamin D, transferrin and total iron binding capacity results were lower in GBS patients, whereas, vitamin B12 and ferritin results were lower in MG patients and this difference was statistically significant (p <0.05). Conclusion: The clinical presentation of GBS and MG is diverse and the prognosis can vary significantly among patients. Within the scope of the data obtained from the study, it was concluded that wide anamnesis and laboratory analyzes are necessary and useful for the differential diagnosis of these two diseases.
Clinical Manifestation and Initial Management of Newborn with Spina Bifida Aperta: a case report.
Authors: Sandinirwan Indra , Hadisaputra Wargian
Published: May 2021

Spina bifida is a birth defect that occurs due to the disruption of the formation of the neural tube with an incidence of 1–10 cases per 1000 live births. Spina bifida can appear as an occulta or aperta type, and the latter consists of meningocele, myelomeningocele, and myeloschisis. We reported a case of a term male newborn who was presented with lethargic, bradypnea, suction reflex abnormalities, and paralysis of lower extremities. A defect was found in the spine in the thoracolumbar region showed a placode with no meningeal and skin covering, suggestive of a myeloshisis. The patient was treated in the neonatal intensive care unit, was placed on non-invasive ventilation with successful weaning, parenteral nutrition, systemic antibiotics regimen, and wound care. The patient was consulted with a neurosurgeon and was subjected to an ultrasound examination of the head that led to hydrocephalus. After experienced clinical improvement and oral tolerance, the patient was allowed for discharged and scheduled for surgery.
A Studying the myoglobin changes and its effect on sepsis severity and outcome
Authors: Hosseinpour Vahid , Mortezabagi Hamidreza , Rajaei Ghafouri Rouzbeh , Ghaffarzad Amir
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Sepsis refers to a set of systemic inflammatory responses to infection that cause harmful effects on the human body. Myoglobin can be used as a beneficial marker in determining the status of patients with sepsis. This study aims to investigate the changes in myoglobin and its effect on the severity and outcome of sepsis in the hospital. Methods: In this study, patients were divided into three groups: sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. Data about their age, gender, myoglobin level in 4 different times (entrance time, 6, 12 and 24 hours later) and sofa index was obtained and compared. Blood culture was taken for all patients and results were evaluated for gram-positive or gram-negative. Results: The patients of the three groups were not significantly different in terms of age (P=0.59) and heart rate (P=0.18). While in terms of myoglobin, there was a significant difference in every 4 times (P=0.00), hospital days (P=0.01), fever (P=0.00), and SOFA (P=0.00) so that with increasing sepsis severity, this Variables rate increased. There is no significant difference in the gender distribution ratio between groups (P>0.05). The highest rate of involvement in each group of patients is related to the respiratory tract. The outcome of patients (survival/death) in different groups is significantly different (P=0.00). A higher percentage of the cultures was gram-negative and the frequency of cultures was not significantly different between different groups. (P-value=0.86). Conclusion: The level of myoglobin measured in patients had an increasing trend. Elevated myoglobin levels were also significantly associated with sepsis and mortality.
Does routine antenatal fetal testing in well-controlled diabetic pregnancies improve pregnancy outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Radsaied Farnaz , Mousavi Sanaz , Navali Nazli , Hoseinifard Hossein , Pourasghary Sajjad , Ghojazadeh Morteza
Published: May 2021

Background: Various fetal surveillance tests are proposed to reduce the rate of stillbirth in diabetic mothers, however there is no sufficient evidence to support this. Objective: The purpose of the present systematic review was to assess the effects of fetal testing on reducing fetal mortality in pregnancies with diabetes. Materials and Methods: The databases were searched to find English and Persian articles published from 1975-2018 about antenatal fetal assessment in pregnancies complicated with diabetes. Relevant sources cited in the selected publications were also searched manually. Keywords were GDM, pregnancy, fetal testing, fetal surveillance, NST, BPP, CTG. A total of 1954 studies were identified. Of these, 1913 were excluded on the basis of title and abstract review. Results: Among the 41 studies retrieved for detailed full-text analysis, a total of 10 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the analysis. Still birth rate was 5.6/1000, cesarean rate was 418/1000. In diabetic pregnant women (gestational and overt diabetes) with well controlled blood sugar who did fetal surveillance tests the intrauterine fetal death rate isn’t different with general population. Conclusion: As this systematic review suggests, fetal mortality is rare with fetal surveillance tests in pregnant diabetic women with good blood sugar control. No randomized clinical trial has been conducted to investigate this claim.
Comparison of the therapeutic methods (pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic) on prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shirmohammadi Masood , Somi Mohammad Hossein , Ghojazadeh Morteza , Hosseinfard Hossein , Tahmasebi Fatemeh , Sheykhsaran Elham , Sadrazar Amin
Published: May 2021

Background: Pancreatitis is considered as the most prevalent serious disorders of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Different approaches have been suggested to prevent or reduce this complication. Therefore we aim to investigate them in the current study. This systematic review was performed in 2019 using Pubmed, Embase, google scholar and Cochrane library. Two reviewers selected eligible studies and outcomes of interest were extracted. Meta-analysis was done by using the random or fixed-effect models. I-square statistic test was used for heterogeneity analysis. Material and Methods: Totally, 2758 articles were searched. Thereafter duplicated and irrelevant articles were excluded, and six articles were entered to the present study. Six RCTs were considered eligible with a total participants of 1685. Results: The relative risk of PEP was not significantly different in NSAID and hydration groups (Pooled RR=1.19, 95%CI: 0.40 to 3.50, P-value=0.74). The random effect model indicated no significant differences between NSAID and NSAID+hydration groups regarding the incidence of PEP (Pooled RR=2.19, 95%CI: 0.70 to 6.88, P-value=0.17). Conclusion: Additionally, the results of one study showed that rectal indomethacin alone appeared to be more effective for preventing PEP than no prophylaxis, PSP alone, and the combination of indomethacin and PSP. Using NSAIDs alone or the combination of NSAIDs and hydration can reduce the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Lack of studies comparing different approaches of prophylaxis in post-ERCP patient or the reporting of different parameters among the existing studies seriously limited the possibility and quality of meta-analysis. Further well-designed studies with accurate reporting of data is necessary to provide more reliable conclusion.
COVID-19; critical care challenges in resource-limited countries
Authors: Sanaie Sarvin , Naseri Amirreza , Mahmoodpoor Ata
Published: May 2021

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Comparison of infusion of Propofol and Isoflurane on blood glucose level during surgery in type 2 diabetic patient
Authors: Malekzadeh Mohammad Farzad , Golparvar Mohammad
Published: May 2021

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease, known as the most common type of diabetes and is associated with hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and insulin-dependent infertility. Isoflurane and Propofol are two commonly used drugs in anesthetics that have different effects on various systems in the body; however, limited studies have been done on the impact of these two medications on the blood glucose level in diabetic patients. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of Propofol and Isoflurane on the blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are surgical candidates. Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on a group of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were candidates for elective surgery. Participants were selected based on the order of referral using convenience sampling method and entered the study after evaluating inclusion and exclusion criteria. First, patients' demographic data were recorded and then they were randomly divided into two groups to receive Isoflurane and Propofol. The vital signs of the patients were recorded before and during anesthesia every 15 minutes. Blood glucose levels were measured by the glucose meter before surgery and one hour after the start of the anesthetic maintenance. Results: There was no significant difference between the mean blood glucose level before surgery and at the end of recovery in any of the study groups. Moreover, the mean of blood glucose level before the surgery and at the end of recovery and the difference in the mean of blood glucose level in both groups of Isoflurane and Propofol in different time intervals were not significantly different (P< 0.05). Comparison of blood glucose level before and after surgery in each group showed that there was no significant difference in the level of glucose before and after the surgical operation in the Isoflurane group (P= 0.3), but in the Propofol group, the level of blood glucose had decreased significantly after the surgical operation (P= 0.014). Conclusion: Maintenance of anesthesia with Propofol in comparison with the inhaled Isoflurane during the surgical operation can lead to a reduction in the blood glucose levels after the surgery compared to the preoperative state.
Simultaneus effect of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on resting levels serum of amino transferases in obese men
Authors: Zahedi Pejhman , Bashiri Jabbar , Gholami Farhad
Published: May 2021

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for several diseases including metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and is underlying cause of liver diseases. Researches indicate that life style modification via changes in physical activity levels and healthy diet can be beneficial for liver function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on serum levels of ALT and AST. Methods: In a clinical trial, forty obese men (BMI>30 kg/m2) were randomly assigned into four groups (10 per each) including 1- Exercise+Sepplement (ES) 2- Supplement (S) 3- Exercise+Placebo (EP) and 4- Placebo (P). The subjects received garlic capsule two times per day (each capsule contained 500 mg garlic powder) or placebo (starch) over a period of eight weeks. The subjects in exercise groups performed a supervised progressive aerobic training (3 times a week, %50-%70 HRmax, 20-40 mins) at the same time. Before and after the experimental period body composition analysis was performed and blood samples were taken in a fasting state. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, One-Way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests at the significance level of P<0.05. Results: The results showed that ALT and AST levels were decreased following 8-week aerobic training (P<0.05). Garlic supplementation also decreased serum levels of aminotransferases (P<0.05). Inter-group differences were seen between exercise groups and placebo (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that aerobic training and garlic supplementation can decreases serum aminotransferases levels; however, garlic supplementation has no additional effect on the effects of exercise.
The effect of eight weeks high- intensity interval training alone and combined with resistance training on miR-33b expression in PBMCs of overweight/obese women
Authors: Pashaei Zhaleh , Jafari Afshar , Alivand Mohammad reza
Published: May 2021

Background: The expression of microRNAs as epigenetic regulators of lipid metabolism pathways disrupt in obese condition, in this regard miR-33b has particular importance. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of eight-week high- intensity interval training (HIIT) alone and combined with resistance training (CHRT) on miR-33b expression in overweight/ obese middle-aged women. Methods: Twenty-four middle-aged overweight/obese women participated in two homogeneous HIIT (5 days/week, n=12) and CHRT (3 day/week HIIT with 2 day/week resistance training, n=12) groups for eight-week. The HIIT protocol consisted of alternating bouts of high-intensity exercise at 80%–85% of VO2max with active breaks at 60% of VO2max and resistance training protocol conducted to circuit-weight training with 75-80% of 1-RM. MiR-33b expression levels were measured by real time- PCR 48h before and after the training protocols. Results: The miR-33b expression levels were increased in both groups but was significant only in the CHRT group (6.02 fold, p=0.002). However, there was no significant difference between miR-33b expression levels in two groups. Conclusion: According to significant effect of CHRT on miR-33b expression as epigenetic lipid metabolism indicator, CHRT protocol can be considered as a non-pharmacological method for treatment of metabolic disorders associated with obesity.
Comparing the efficacy of intense pulsed light combined with oral azithromycin versus oral azithromycin alone in the treatment of moderate to severe papulopustular acne vulgaris
Authors: Afshari Niloofar , Amirnia Mehdi , Ahmadi Davod , Kashefi Saeed , Aghamohammadi Vahideh
Published: May 2021

Background: Rising follicular keratin secretion, increasing sebum production, and Propionibacterium acnes are among the main etiology of acne vulgaris formation. Antibiotics are the predominant conventional treatment of acne. Antibiotic resistance is the main problem in the ordinary treatments of acne. Therefore, newer treatments are necessary. Intense pulsed light (IPL) is a novel therapeutic option with rapid application in this field. Methods: Patients referred to us were randomized into two groups: group A (cases) and group B (controls). In addition to conventional antibiotic therapy, IPL was prescribed to group A while azithromycin alone was prescribed to group B. IPL treatment was performed weekly for five weeks and the patients were followed for three months. Declining inflammatory lesions count after the intervention was considered the remission scale. Results: In group A, moderate, partial, and complete remission occurred in 4, 9, and 7 patients, respectively. In group B, moderate, partial, and complete remission occurred in 10, 7, and 3 patients, respectively. Statistically, the remission difference was meaningful between the two groups. Conclusion: IPL with conventional antibiotics is an effective treatment choice in moderate to severe acne vulgaris but also is a more accelerating agent in treatment versus antibiotics alone.