bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of NaOH-Modified TiOF2 and Its Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Performance on RhB
Authors: Hou Chentao , Liu Wenli , Zhu Jiaming
Published: August 2017

NaOH-modified TiOF2 was successfully prepared using a modified low-temperature hydrothermal method. Scanning electron microscopy shows that NaOH-modified TiOF2 displayed a complex network shape with network units of about 100 nm. The structures of NaOH-modified TiOF2 have not been reported elsewhere. The network shape permits the NaOH-modified TiOF2 a SBET of 36 m2∙g−1 and a pore diameter around 49 nm. X-ray diffraction characterization shows that TiOF2 and NaOH-modified TiOF2 are crystallized with a pure changed cubic phase which accords with the SEM results. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterization shows that NaOH-modified TiOF2 has more O–H groups to supply more lone electron pairs to transfer from O of O–H to Ti and O of TiOF2. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) shows that the NaOH-modified TiOF2 sample has an adsorption plateau rising from 400 to 600 nm in comparison with TiOF2, and its band gap is 2.62 eV, lower than that of TiOF2. Due to the lower band gap, more O–H groups adsorption, network morphologies with larger surface area, and sensitization progress, the NaOH-modified TiOF2 exhibited much higher photocatalytic activity for Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation. In addition, considering the sensitization progress, O–H groups on TiOF2 not only accelerated the degradation rate of RhB, but also changed its degradation path. As a result, the NaOH-modified TiOF2 exhibited much higher photocatalytic activity for RhB degradation than the TiOF2 in references under visible light. This finding provides a new idea to enhance the photocatalytic performance by NaOH modification of the surface of TiOF2.
DBD Plasma Assisted CO2 Decomposition: Influence of Diluent Gases
Authors: Ray Debjyoti , Saha Rajdeep , Ch. Subrahmanyam
Published: August 2017

Carbon dioxide (CO2) partial reduction to carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen has been conducted in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor (DBD) operating a packed bed configuration and the results are compared with that of no packing condition. The effect of diluent gas is studied to understand the influence on dielectric strength of the plasma gas on CO2 splitting, with the objective of obtaining the best CO selectivity and high energy efficiency. Typical results indicated that among N2, He and Ar gases, Ar showed the best decomposition efficiency. Glass beads packing has a strong influence on the performance, probably due to the enhanced field strength due to dielectric nature of the packed material. In a similar manner, Ar mole ratio in the gas mixture also played a significant role, where the maximum CO2 conversion of 19.5% was obtained with packed DBD at CO2:Ar ratio 1:2. The best CO yield (16.8%) was also obtained under the same conditions. The highest energy efficiency was found to be 0.945 mmol/kJ. The activated species formed inside the CO2 plasma were identified by optical emission spectroscopy.
Directional Trans-Planar and Different In-Plane Water Transfer Properties of Composite Structured Bifacial Fabrics Modified by a Facile Three-Step Plasma Treatment
Authors: Sun Fengxin , Chen Zhiqiang , Zhu Licheng , Du Zhaoqun , Wang Xungai , Naebe Maryam
Published: August 2017

Fabrics with moisture management properties are strongly expected to benefit various potential applications in daily life, industry, medical treatment and protection. Here, a bifacial fabric with dual trans-planar and in-plane liquid moisture management properties was reported. This novel fabric was fabricated to have a knitted structure on one face and a woven structure on the other, contributing to the different in-plane water transfer properties of the fabric. A facile three-step plasma treatment was used to enrich the bifacial fabric with asymmetric wettability and liquid absorbency. The plasma treated bifacial fabric allowed forced water to transfer from the hydrophobic face to hydrophilic face, while it prevented water to spread through the hydrophobic face when water drops were placed on the hydrophilic face. This confirmed one-way water transport capacity of the bifacial fabric. Through the three-step plasma treatment, the fabric surface was coated with a Si-containing thin film. This film contributed to the hydrophobic property, while the physical properties of the fabrics such as stiffness and color were not affected. This novel fabric can potentially be used to design and manufacture functional and smart textiles with tunable moisture transport properties.
Contextuality and Indistinguishability
Authors: De Barros José , Holik Federico , Krause Décio
Published: August 2017

It is well known that in quantum mechanics we cannot always define consistently properties that are context independent. Many approaches exist to describe contextual properties, such as Contextuality by Default (CbD), sheaf theory, topos theory, and non-standard or signed probabilities. In this paper, we propose a treatment of contextual properties that is specific to quantum mechanics, as it relies on the relationship between contextuality and indistinguishability. In particular, we propose that if we assume the ontological thesis that quantum particles or properties can be indistinguishable yet different, no contradiction arising from a Kochen–Specker-type argument appears: when we repeat an experiment, we are in reality performing an experiment measuring a property that is indistinguishable from the first, but not the same. We will discuss how the consequences of this move may help us understand quantum contextuality.
Exposure Modelling of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields from Overhead Power Lines and Its Validation by Measurements
Authors: Bürgi Alfred , Sagar Sanjay , Struchen Benjamin , Joss Stefan , Röösli Martin
Published: August 2017

A three-dimensional model for calculating long term exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields from high-voltage overhead power lines is presented, as well as its validation by measurements. For the validation, the model was applied to two different high-voltage overhead power lines in Iffwil and Wiler (Switzerland). In order to capture the daily and seasonal variations, each measurement was taken for 48 h and the measurements were carried out six times at each site, at intervals of approximately two months, between January and December 2015. During each measurement, a lateral transect of the magnetic flux density was determined in the middle of a span from nine measurement points in the range of ±80 m. The technical data of both the lines as well as the load flow data during the measurement periods were provided by the grid operators. These data were used to calculate 48 h averages of the absolute value of the magnetic flux density and compared with modelled values. The highest 48 h average was 1.66 µT (centre of the line in Iffwil); the lowest 48 h average was 22 nT (80 m distance from the centre line in Iffwil). On average, the magnetic flux density was overestimated by 2% (standard deviation: 9%) in Iffwil and underestimated by 1% (8%) in Wiler. Sensitivity analyses showed that the uncertainty is mainly driven by errors in the coordinates and height data. In particular, for predictions near the centre of the line, an accurate digital terrain model is critical.
Spatial-Spectral Graph Regularized Kernel Sparse Representation for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Xiao Zhiyong , Chen Yufeng , Yang Jinlong
Published: August 2017

This paper presents a spatial-spectral method for hyperspectral image classification in the regularization framework of kernel sparse representation. First, two spatial-spectral constraint terms are appended to the sparse recovery model of kernel sparse representation. The first one is a graph-based spatially-smooth constraint which is utilized to describe the contextual information of hyperspectral images. The second one is a spatial location constraint, which is exploited to incorporate the prior knowledge of the location information of training pixels. Then, an efficient alternating direction method of multipliers is developed to solve the corresponding minimization problem. At last, the recovered sparse coefficient vectors are used to determine the labels of test pixels. Experimental results carried out on three real hyperspectral images point out the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Color Consistency and Local Contrast Enhancement for a Mobile Image-Based Change Detection System
Authors: Tektonidis Marco , Monnin David
Published: August 2017

Mobile change detection systems allow for acquiring image sequences on a route of interest at different time points and display changes on a monitor. For the display of color images, a processing approach is required to enhance details, to reduce lightness/color inconsistencies along each image sequence as well as between corresponding image sequences due to the different illumination conditions, and to determine colors with natural appearance. We have developed a real-time local/global color processing approach for local contrast enhancement and lightness/color consistency, which processes images of the different sequences independently. Our approach combines the center/surround Retinex model and the Gray World hypothesis using a nonlinear color processing function. We propose an extended gain/offset scheme for Retinex to reduce the halo effect on shadow boundaries, and we employ stacked integral images (SII) for efficient Gaussian convolution. By applying the gain/offset function before the color processing function, we avoid color inversion issues, compared to the original scheme. Our combined Retinex/Gray World approach has been successfully applied to pairs of image sequences acquired on outdoor routes for change detection, and an experimental comparison with previous Retinex-based approaches has been carried out.
(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl 4-Aminobutyrate Hydrochloride
Authors: Nesterkina Mariia , Shishkina Svitlana , Maltsev Georgy , Rakipov Ildar , Kravchenko Iryna
Published: August 2017

The title ester (1R,2S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl 4-aminobutyrate hydrochloride was obtained in 96% yield via Steglich esterification. The structure of the target compound was established by FTIR, HR-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectral analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction study. Single crystals of the title ester suitable for X-ray investigation were obtained by slow evaporation of the methanolic solution at room temperature. The purity of compound was assessed using HPLC coupled to mass spectrometry.
Numerical and Experimental Studies on the Explosive Welding of Tungsten Foil to Copper
Authors: Zhou Qiang , Feng Jianrui , Chen Pengwan
Published: August 2017

This work verifies that the W foil could be successfully welded on Cu through conventional explosive welding, without any cracks. The microstructure was observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The W/Cu interface exhibited a wavy morphology, and no intermetallic or transition layer was observed. The wavy interface formation, as well as the distributions of temperature, pressure and plastic strain at the interface were studied through numerical simulation with Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). The welding mechanism of W/Cu was analyzed according to the numerical results and experimental observation, which was in accordance with the indentation mechanism proposed by Bahrani.
The Potential of α-Spinasterol to Mimic the Membrane Properties of Natural Cholesterol
Authors: Haralampiev Ivan , Scheidt Holger A. , Huster Daniel , Müller Peter
Published: August 2017

Sterols play a unique role for the structural and dynamical organization of membranes. The current study reports data on the membrane properties of the phytosterol (3β,5α,22E)-stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-β-ol (α-spinasterol), which represents an important component of argan oil and have not been investigated so far in molecular detail. In particular, the impact of α-spinasterol on the structure and organization of lipid membranes was investigated and compared with those of cholesterol. Various membrane parameters such as the molecular packing of the phospholipid fatty acyl chains, the membrane permeability toward polar molecules, and the formation of lateral membrane domains were studied. The experiments were performed on lipid vesicles using methods of NMR spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy. The results show that α-spinasterol resembles the membrane behavior of cholesterol to some degree.
Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Essential Oil from Gannan Navel Orange Peel
Authors: Yang Chao , Chen Hui , Chen Hongli , Zhong Balian , Luo Xuzhong , Chun Jiong
Published: August 2017

China is one of the leading producers of citrus in the world. Gannan in Jiangxi Province is the top navel orange producing area in China. In the present study, an essential oil was prepared by cold pressing of Gannan navel orange peel followed by molecular distillation. Its chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS. Twenty four constituents were identified, representing 97.9% of the total oil. The predominant constituent was limonene (74.6%). The anticancer activities of this orange essential oil, as well as some of its major constituents, were investigated by MTT assay. This essential oil showed a positive effect on the inhibition of the proliferation of a human lung cancer cell line A549 and prostate cancer cell line 22RV-1. Some of the oil constituents displayed high anticancer potential and deserve further study.
The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential of Pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Paterniti Irene , Impellizzeri Daniela , Cordaro Marika , Siracusa Rosalba , Bisignano Carlo , Gugliandolo Enrico , Carughi Arianna , Esposito Emanuela , Mandalari Giuseppina , Cuzzocrea Salvatore
Published: August 2017

Several reports have demonstrated the effectiveness of pistachio against oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we investigate if polyphenols extracts from natural raw shelled pistachios (NP) or roasted salted pistachio (RP) kernels have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties at lower doses than reported previously, in both in vitro and in vivo models. The monocyte/macrophage cell line J774 was used to assess the extent of protection by NP and RP pistachios against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Moreover, antioxidant activity of NP and RP was assessed in an in vivo model of paw edema in rats induced by carrageenan (CAR) injection in the paw. Results from the in vitro study demonstrated that pre-treatment with NP (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/mL) and RP (0.01 and 0.1 mg/mL) exerted a significant protection against LPS induced inflammation. Western blot analysis showed NP reduced the degradation of IκB-α, although not significantly, whereas both NP and RP decreased the TNF-α and IL-1β production in a dose-dependent way. A significant reduction of CAR-induced histological paw damage, neutrophil infiltration and nitrotyrosine formation was observed in the rats treated with NP. These data demonstrated that, at lower doses, polyphenols present in pistachios possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This may contribute toward a better understanding of the beneficial health effects associated with consumption of pistachios.
Development of Phenol-Enriched Olive Oil with Phenolic Compounds Extracted from Wastewater Produced by Physical Refining
Authors: Venturi Francesca , Sanmartin Chiara , Taglieri Isabella , Nari Anita , Andrich Gianpaolo , Terzuoli Erika , Donnini Sandra , Nicolella Cristiano , Zinnai Angela
Published: August 2017

While in the last few years the use of olive cake and mill wastewater as natural sources of phenolic compounds has been widely considered and several studies have focused on the development of new extraction methods and on the production of functional foods enriched with natural antioxidants, no data has been available on the production of a phenol-enriched refined olive oil with its own phenolic compounds extracted from wastewater produced during physical refining. In this study; we aimed to: (i) verify the effectiveness of a multi-step extraction process to recover the high-added-value phenolic compounds contained in wastewater derived from the preliminary washing degumming step of the physical refining of vegetal oils; (ii) evaluate their potential application for the stabilization of olive oil obtained with refined olive oils; and (iii) evaluate their antioxidant activity in an in vitro model of endothelial cells. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of using the refining wastewater as a source of bioactive compounds to improve the nutraceutical value as well as the antioxidant capacity of commercial olive oils. In the conditions adopted, the phenolic content significantly increased in the prototypes of phenol-enriched olive oils when compared with the control oil.
Sources of Extraterrestrial Rare Earth Elements: To the Moon and Beyond
Authors: McLeod Claire , Krekeler Mark.
Published: August 2017

The resource budget of Earth is limited. Rare-earth elements (REEs) are used across the world by society on a daily basis yet several of these elements have <2500 years of reserves left, based on current demand, mining operations, and technologies. With an increasing population, exploration of potential extraterrestrial REE resources is inevitable, with the Earth’s Moon being a logical first target. Following lunar differentiation at ~4.50–4.45 Ga, a late-stage (after ~99% solidification) residual liquid enriched in Potassium (K), Rare-earth elements (REE), and Phosphorus (P), (or “KREEP”) formed. Today, the KREEP-rich region underlies the Oceanus Procellarum and Imbrium Basin region on the lunar near-side (the Procellarum KREEP Terrain, PKT) and has been tentatively estimated at preserving 2.2 × 108 km3 of KREEP-rich lithologies. The majority of lunar samples (Apollo, Luna, or meteoritic samples) contain REE-bearing minerals as trace phases, e.g., apatite and/or merrillite, with merrillite potentially contributing up to 3% of the PKT. Other lunar REE-bearing lunar phases include monazite, yittrobetafite (up to 94,500 ppm yttrium), and tranquillityite (up to 4.6 wt % yttrium, up to 0.25 wt % neodymium), however, lunar sample REE abundances are low compared to terrestrial ores. At present, there is no geological, mineralogical, or chemical evidence to support REEs being present on the Moon in concentrations that would permit their classification as ores. However, the PKT region has not yet been mapped at high resolution, and certainly has the potential to yield higher REE concentrations at local scales (<10s of kms). Future lunar exploration and mapping efforts may therefore reveal new REE deposits. Beyond the Moon, Mars and other extraterrestrial materials are host to REEs in apatite, chevkinite-perrierite, merrillite, whitlockite, and xenotime. These phases are relatively minor components of the meteorites studied to date, constituting <0.6% of the total sample. Nonetheless, they dominate a samples REE budget with their abundances typically 1–2 orders of magnitude enriched relative to their host rock. As with the Moon, though phases which host REEs have been identified, no extraterrestrial REE resource, or ore, has been identified yet. At present extraterrestrial materials are therefore not suitable REE-mining targets. However, they are host to other resources that will likely be fundamental to the future of space exploration and support the development of in situ resource utilization, for example: metals (Fe, Al, Mg, PGEs) and water.
Azimuth Ambiguities Removal in Littoral Zones Based on Multi-Temporal SAR Images
Authors: Leng Xiangguang , Ji Kefeng , Zhou Shilin , Zou Huanxin
Published: August 2017

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is one of the most important techniques for ocean monitoring. Azimuth ambiguities are a real problem in SAR images today, which can cause performance degradation in SAR ocean applications. In particular, littoral zones can be strongly affected by land-based sources, whereas they are usually regions of interest (ROI). Given the presence of complexity and diversity in littoral zones, azimuth ambiguities removal is a tough problem. As SAR sensors can have a repeat cycle, multi-temporal SAR images provide new insight into this problem. A method for azimuth ambiguities removal in littoral zones based on multi-temporal SAR images is proposed in this paper. The proposed processing chain includes co-registration, local correlation, binarization, masking, and restoration steps. It is designed to remove azimuth ambiguities caused by fixed land-based sources. The idea underlying the proposed method is that sea surface is dynamic, whereas azimuth ambiguities caused by land-based sources are constant. Thus, the temporal consistence of azimuth ambiguities is higher than sea clutter. It opens up the possibilities to use multi-temporal SAR data to remove azimuth ambiguities. The design of the method and the experimental procedure are based on images from the Sentinel data hub of Europe Space Agency (ESA). Both Interferometric Wide Swath (IW) and Stripmap (SM) mode images are taken into account to validate the proposed method. This paper also presents two RGB composition methods for better azimuth ambiguities visualization. Experimental results show that the proposed method can remove azimuth ambiguities in littoral zones effectively.
Ecological Footprint Analysis Based on Changing Food Consumption in a Poorly Developed Area of China
Authors: Zhen Lin , Du Bingzhen
Published: August 2017

The per capita ecological footprint (EF) is a useful tool to compare consumption with nature's ability to support this consumption. Guyuan is an economically impoverished region in China, where EF provides important insights into whether human consumption can be sustained by the local per capita biological capacity (BC), which represents the environment’s ability to support resource use. We estimated the EF of food consumption using local equivalence and yield factors, and compared EF in 1998 and 2013 with BC, which represented the existing biologically productive area (including cultivated land, grassland, forest, and water bodies) that supports this consumption. Data were collected from household surveys, government statistics, and land use maps. We found that food consumption changed, with decreasing consumption of staple foods and increasing consumption of meat, eggs, milk, edible oils, fruit, and vegetables. Decreased staple food consumption decreased the EF for this food group, but the large increase in meat consumption greatly increased EF from meat production (to more than 41 times the 1998 value). Cultivated land contributed greatly to both EF and BC, and staple foods and vegetables were the main EF components for this land. Overall, EF from food consumption decreased from 1998 to 2013, but local BC remained 188,356 ha below EF (i.e., current consumption is not sustainable based on local resources). The Grain for Green program, which focuses on increasing the BC of forest and grassland by replacing degraded cultivated land with these land use types, decreased the BC of cultivated land, leading to wide spatial variation in both EF and BC. These results will inform policy development by revealing the condition of each region’s use of the locally available production resources.
A Multiple Criteria Decision-Making Approach to Evaluate the Sustainability Indicators in the Villagers’ Lives in Iran with Emphasis on Earthquake Hazard: A Case Study
Authors: Murgante Beniamino , Salmani Mohamad , Molaei Qelichi Mohamad , Hajilo Mehdi
Published: August 2017

Natural hazards such as earthquakes take place around the world and when combined with humans create natural disasters. Earthquakes, a form of natural hazard, have, in recent years, caused damage and destruction in many rural areas due to the lack of sustainability in political, economic, social, physical and operational criteria. Thus, to overcome the damage caused by earthquakes in rural areas, an assessment of sustainability status seems necessary to plan and strengthen in relation to the status of sustainability indicators. Data collection was performed through field methods and questionnaires. To test the hypothesis, T statistical methods, correlation method and F-test were performed using SPSS software (V22.0, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). The results of the study showed that villages were at a low and undesirable level for all aspects, except social index in terms of sustainability. Comparisons showed that there was a significant mean difference among villages in terms of sustainability. The multi-criteria decision-making analysis has been considered and applied to a ranking of villages in terms of sustainability against the hazard of earthquakes. Finally, in order to improve the sustainability indicators of villages, some strategies have been presented.
Measuring Tourism Risk Impacts on Destination Image
Authors: Ruan Wen-Qi , Li Yong-Quan , Liu Chih-Hsing
Published: August 2017

This study develops and tests an integrated model of the moderated mediation of risks (man-made and natural disasters) that explains the associations between the benefits of tourism and the destination image. The study also considers how tourists are influenced by natural disasters and provides empirical evidence to predict the hypothesis models. The results of a study of 635 foreign tourists indicate that the tourism risks of man-made disasters positively influence the tourists’ experienced benefits and feeling experience. Foreign tourists’ risk evaluation may have a positive effect on their benefit and feeling experience and, thus, may link to the destination image. Somewhat as expected, the moderating effect of tourist benefit is found to strengthen the relationship between feeling experience and the destination image. Alternatively, foreign tourists’ feeling experiences foster a positive link between tourism risk and destination image. The implications of the moderated mediation results are discussed.
The Interdependence between Schistosome Transmission and Protective Immunity
Authors: Oettle Rebecca , Wilson Shona
Published: August 2017

Mass drug administration (MDA) for control of schistosomiasis is likely to affect transmission dynamics through a combination of passive vaccination and reduction of local transmission intensity. This is indicated in phenomenological models of immunity and the impact of MDA, yet immunity parameters in these models are not validated by empirical data that reflects protective immunity to reinfection. There is significant empirical evidence supporting the role of IgE in acquired protective immunity. This is proposed to be a form of delayed concomitant immunity, driven at least in part by protective IgE responses to the tegument allergen-like (TAL) family of proteins. Specific questions have arisen from modeling studies regarding the strength and duration of the protective immune response. At present, field studies have not been specifically designed to address these questions. There is therefore a need for field studies that are explicitly designed to capture epidemiological effects of acquired immunity to elucidate these immunological interactions. In doing so, it is important to address the discourse between theoretical modelers and immuno-epidemiologists and develop mechanistic models that empirically define immunity parameters. This is of increasing significance in a climate of potential changing transmission dynamics following long-term implementation of MDA.
Forecasting of Industrial Water Demand Using Case-Based Reasoning—A Case Study in Zhangye City, China
Authors: Yang Bohan , Zheng Weiwei , Ke Xinli
Published: August 2017

Forecasting the industrial water demand accurately is crucial for sustainable water resource management. This study investigates industrial water demand forecasting by case-based reasoning (CBR) in an arid area, with a case study of Zhangye, China. We constructed a case base with 420 original cases of 28 cities in China, extracted six attributes of the industrial water demand, and employed a back propagation neural network (BPN) to weight each attribute, as well as the grey incidence analysis (GIA) to calculate the similarities between target case and original cases. The forecasting values were calculated by weighted similarities. The results show that the industrial water demand of Zhangye in 2030, which is the t arget case, will reach 11.9 million tons. There are 10 original cases which have relatively high similarities to the target case. Furthermore, the case of Yinchuan, 2010, has the largest similarity, followed by Yinchuan, 2009, and Urumqi, 2009. We also made a comparison experiment in which case-based reasoning is more accurate than the grey forecast model and BPN in water demand forecasting. It is expected that the results of this study will provide references to water resources management and planning.
Galaxy Formation through Filamentary Accretion at z = 6.1
Authors: Jones G. C. , Willott C. J. , Carilli C. L. , Ferrara A. , Wang R. , Wagg J.
Published: August 2017

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the dust continuum and [C ii] 158 μm line emission from the z = 6.0695 Lyman-Break Galaxy (LBG) WMH5. These observations at 0.″3 spatial resolution show a compact (∼3 kpc) main galaxy in dust and [C ii] emission, with a “tail” of emission extending to the east by about 5 kpc (in projection). The [C ii] tail is comprised predominantly of two distinct sub-components in velocity, separated from the core by ∼100 and 250 km s−1, with narrow intrinsic widths of about 80 km s−1, which we call “sub-galaxies.” The sub-galaxies themselves are extended east–west by about 3 kpc in individual channel images. The [C ii] tail joins smoothly into the main galaxy velocity field. The [C ii] line to continuum ratios are comparable for the main and sub-galaxy positions, within a factor two. In addition, these ratios are comparable to

LBGs. We conjecture that the WMH5 system represents the early formation of a galaxy through the accretion of smaller satellite galaxies, embedded in a smoother gas distribution, along a possibly filamentary structure. The results are consistent with current cosmological simulations of early galaxy formation and support the idea of very early enrichment with dust and heavy elements of the accreting material.
Accretion Disk Assembly During Common Envelope Evolution: Implications for Feedback and LIGO Binary Black Hole Formation
Authors: Murguia-Berthier Ariadna , MacLeod Morgan , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico , Antoni Andrea , Macias Phillip
Published: August 2017

During a common envelope (CE) episode in a binary system, the engulfed companion spirals to tighter orbital separations under the influence of drag from the surrounding envelope material. As this object sweeps through material with a steep radial gradient of density, net angular momentum is introduced into the flow, potentially leading to the formation of an accretion disk. The presence of a disk would have dramatic consequences for the outcome of the interaction because accretion might be accompanied by strong, polar outflows with enough energy to unbind the entire envelope. Without a detailed understanding of the necessary conditions for disk formation during CE, therefore, it is difficult to accurately predict the population of merging compact binaries. This paper examines the conditions for disk formation around objects embedded within CEs using the “wind tunnel” formalism developed by MacLeod et al. We find that the formation of disks is highly dependent on the compressibility of the envelope material. Disks form only in the most compressible of stellar envelope gas, found in envelopes’ outer layers in zones of partial ionization. These zones are largest in low-mass stellar envelopes, but comprise small portions of the envelope mass and radius in all cases. We conclude that disk formation and associated accretion feedback in CE is rare, and if it occurs, transitory. The implication for LIGO black hole binary assembly is that by avoiding strong accretion feedback, CE interactions should still result in the substantial orbital tightening needed to produce merging binaries.
Discovery of a Protocluster Associated with a Lyα Blob Pair at z = 2.3
Authors: Bădescu Toma , Yang Yujin , Bertoldi Frank , Zabludoff Ann , Karim Alexander , Magnelli Benjamin
Published: August 2017

Bright Lyα blobs (LABs)—extended nebulae with sizes of ∼100 kpc and Lyα luminosities of ∼1044 erg s−1—often reside in overdensities of compact Lyα emitters (LAEs) that may be galaxy protoclusters. The number density, variance, and internal kinematics of LABs suggest that they themselves trace group-like halos. Here, we test this hierarchical picture, presenting deep, wide-field Lyα narrowband imaging of a 1° × 0.°5 region around a LAB pair at z = 2.3 discovered previously by a blind survey. We find 183 Lyα emitters, including the original LAB pair and three new LABs with Lyα luminosities of

erg s−1 and isophotal areas of 16–24 arcsec2. Using the LAEs as tracers and a new kernel density estimation method, we discover a large-scale overdensity (Boötes J1430+3522) with a surface density contrast of

, a volume density contrast of δ ∼10.4, and a projected diameter of ≈20 comoving Mpc. Comparing with cosmological simulations, we conclude that this LAE overdensity will evolve into a present-day Coma-like cluster with

 ∼ 15.1 ± 0.2. In this and three other wide-field LAE surveys re-analyzed here, the extents and peak amplitudes of the largest LAE overdensities are similar, not increasing with survey size, and implying that they were indeed the largest structures then and today evolve into rich clusters. Intriguingly, LABs favor the outskirts of the densest LAE concentrations, i.e., intermediate LAE overdensities of

. We speculate that these LABs mark infalling protogroups being accreted by the more massive protocluster.
Freely Expanding Knots of X-Ray-emitting Ejecta in Kepler’s Supernova Remnant
Authors: Sato Toshiki , Hughes John P.
Published: August 2017

We report measurements of proper motion, radial velocity, and elemental composition for 14 compact X-ray-bright knots in Kepler’s supernova remnant (SNR) using archival Chandra data. The knots with the highest speed show both large proper motions (μ ∼ 0.″11–0.″14 yr−1) and high radial velocities (v ∼ 8700–10,020 km s−1). For these knots the estimated space velocities (9100 km s−1 ≲ v
3D ≲ 10,400 km s−1) are similar to the typical Si velocity seen in supernovae (SNe) Ia near maximum light. High-speed ejecta knots appear only in specific locations and are morphologically and kinematically distinct from the rest of the ejecta. The proper motions of five knots extrapolate back over the age of Kepler’s SNR to a consistent central position. This new kinematic center agrees well with previous determinations, but is less subject to systematic errors and denotes a location about which several prominent structures in the remnant display a high degree of symmetry. These five knots are expanding at close to the free expansion rate (expansion indices of 0.75 ≲ m ≲ 1.0), which we argue indicates either that they were formed in the explosion with a high density contrast (more than 100 times the ambient density) or that they have propagated through regions of relatively low density (n
H < 0.1 cm−3) in the ambient medium. X-ray spectral analysis shows that the undecelerated knots have high Si and S abundances, a lower Fe abundance, and very low O abundance, pointing to an origin in the partial Si-burning zone, which occurs in the outer layer of the exploding white dwarf for models of SNe Ia. Other knots show lower speeds and expansion indices consistent with decelerated ejecta knots or features in the ambient medium overrun by the forward shock. Our new accurate location for the explosion site has well-defined positional uncertainties, allowing for a great reduction in the area to be searched for faint surviving donor stars under non-traditional single-degenerate SNe Ia scenarios; because of the lack of bright stars in the search area the traditional scenario remains ruled out.
Five new species of the armored scale genus Andaspis MacGillivray (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Diaspididae) from New Caledonia
Authors: Hamilton Fredericka B. , Williams Douglas J. , Hardy Nate B.
Published: August 2017

New Caledonia is home to many endemic species of plants and animals. Here, we improve our grasp on that biota by describing five new species of armored scale insects in the genus Andaspis: Andaspis brevicornutasp. n, A. conicasp. n., A. nothofagisp. n., A. novaecaledoniaesp. n., and A. ornatasp. n. Each is known exclusively from collections on southern beeches (Nothofagus spp.) in New Caledonia. A key to the species of Andaspis of New Caledonia is provided.
Lithobius (Chinobius) yuchernovi, a new lithobiid species from northeastern Siberia and the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha)
Authors: Farzalieva Gyulli Sh. , Nefediev Pavel S. , Tuf Ivan H.
Published: August 2017

Lithobius yuchernovisp. n. is described, based on type material from the Ola Plateau, Magadan Region, Russia. The new species is widely distributed in northeastern Siberia, ranging from the Magadan Region, until the eastern Chukot Autonomous Region and the Kamchatka Peninsula in the southeast, whence non-type material is documented. This species belongs to the subgenus Chinobius Matic, 1973 based on the structure of the female gonopodal claw (more than two denticles on the internal ridge). It differs from all Palearctic species of the genus Lithobius by the following apomorphy: distoventral tubercle supporting a cluster of long and curved setae situated on the last male tibia. In addition, it shows dorsal and ventral sulci on the last legs. New replacement names are introduced: Lithobius zachiuinom. n. for Lithobius (Chinobius) orientalis (Matic, 1973) and Lithobius carlinom. n. for Lithobius (Alokobius) orientalis Attems, 1953.
D’un club à I’autre. Deux générations de clubs de livres en France
Authors: Cerisier Alban
Published: August 2017

Depuis la fin des années 1940, de nombreuses sociétés se sont succédé, qui ont mis en œuvre, en de multiples modulations, des pratiques commerciales et éditoriales désignées sous les vocables de clubs, de cercles ou de sélections. Dès lors, la question se pose de l’unité du phénomène, et notamment de la continuité entre les premiers clubs et les deux grandes sociétés dominant le secteur depuis la fin des années 1970, France Loisirs et le Grand Livre du mois. En première lecture, si l’on s’appuie sur les sources communément requises, il semble que la thèse de la rupture prévaut, tant au plan qualitatif que quantitatif. Mais à trop vouloir distinguer les différents types de formules, on risque de passer à côté de l’une des caractéristiques essentielles de la notion de club : sa capacité à désigner différents types d’activités commerciales et de modèles de développement.
L’édition littéraire québécoise entre l’État et le marché
Authors: Michon Jacques
Published: August 2017

Cet article retrace quelques-unes des grandes étapes qui ont marqué l’évolution de l’édition et du commerce du livre au Québec. Depuis le milieu du XIX e siècle l’édition littéraire s’est développée avec l’aide des pouvoirs publics. Au cours des décennies, elle a enregistré des gains importants malgré les difficultés liées à une faible densité de population et à la concurrence commerciale des grandes sociétés européennes. Aujourd’hui où la majorité des ouvrages écoulés en librairie sont d’origine étrangère, l’édition québécoise fournit plus du tiers du total des ventes. L’histoire de l’édition littéraire au Québec demeure encore celle d’une industrie à la conquête de son propre marché.
Entre informatique et sémiotique
Authors: Bottini Thomas , Julliard Virginie
Published: August 2017

Cette contribution expose la méthode élaborée dans le cadre de l’étude de la production du genre à l’occasion de la controverse relative à ladite « théorie du genre » sur Twitter. Cette méthode articule la sémiotique et l’informatique pour saisir la manière par laquelle les propriétés techno-éditoriales de cette plateforme de microblogging influent sur cette production. Démarche qualitative, la sémiotique est amenée à renouveler ses méthodes sur le terrain des réseaux sociaux numériques du fait de la complexité, de l’hétérogénéité et de l’étendue des corpus prélevés dans ce cadre. L’enjeu de l’article consiste à présenter les fondations d’une approche méthodologique et technique pour étudier Twitter en prenant acte du caractère hypermédia de cette plateforme. Après avoir présenté les objectifs scientifiques de notre recherche, nous exposons la méthodologie et les outils qui répondent à l’enjeu d’une reconstruction du contexte sémiotique et social dans lequel les tweets s’inscrivent (rapport texte/image ou inscription d’un tweet dans un réseau de tweets – conversations, retweets , publications d’un.e auteur.e, etc. – par exemple). Nous présentons enfin quelques-uns des résultats que notre méthode permet d’obtenir.
Entre distinctivité et acceptabilité
Authors: Marchand Pascal , Ratinaud Pierre
Published: August 2017

Une approche textométrique permet d’étudier les relations entre les contenus des sites Web de trois partis politiques (Front National, Parti socialiste, Europe Écologie Les Verts). Au-delà d’une description classique des classifications lexicales automatiques (Reinert, 1983, implémentée dans le logiciel Iramuteq), de nouvelles approches (analyse des correspondances lexicales de classes issues d’analyses indépendantes ; représentation arborée des distances intertextuelles) mettent en évidence, non seulement les organisations lexicales internes des partis politiques, mais également les convergences et divergences des thématiques entre les partis. Ces dynamiques de lexicalisation sont interprétées en termes d’appropriation du registre lexical pour faire jouer, au travers des marquages socio-langagiers (Scherer et Giles, 1980), des processus d’acceptabilité et de distinctivité qui structurent les rapports d’alliance et d’opposition intra- et intergroupes et leur expression dans la communication des partis politiques.
Louis Kahn in Ahmedabad and Dhaka
Authors: James-Chakraborty Kathleen
Published: August 2017

Louis Kahn’s office began work on the Indian Institute of Management in Ahmedabad, India, and the National Assembly in Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 1962. Rather than the work of a single architect, or even of that architect’s office, these buildings should more properly be credited as well to the many other experts involved in their creation, from the construction force that mastered new ways of laying brick and pouring concrete, to the academics and officials whose demands also shaped their forms. Negotiating the different interests, as well as cultural backgrounds, of these often competing kinds of expertise slowed the completion of both projects but ultimately contributed in powerful ways to their appearance.
A Load Balancing Strategy with Migration Cost for Independent Batch of Tasks (BoT) on Heterogeneous Multiprocessor Interconnection Networks
Authors: Alam Mahfooz , Shahid Mohammad
Published: August 2017

In high performance computing, heterogeneous Multiprocessor Interconnection Networks (MINs) are used for processing of compute intensive applications. These applications are distributed on the heterogeneous computational processors of MINs arranged in specific geometrical shape. MINs are also used for transfer task between two processors in a heterogeneous multistage network for better load balancing. Load balancing algorithm plays a vital role in interconnection network in order to minimize the load imbalance on the processors. In this paper, a Load Balancing Strategy with Migration cost (LBSM) is proposed to execute an independent batch of tasks on various heterogeneous MINs viz. MetaCube, X-Torus and Folded Crossed Cube having the objective of minimizing the load imbalance on processors. In simulation study, LBSM is compared with its previous work DLBS and superior performance is shown with the considered parameters under study. Further, the performance analysis of LBSM has been conducted on MetaCube, X-Torus and Folded Crossed Cube and results have been reported accordingly.
Hilbert-Huang Transform and Welch's Method for Motor imagery based Brain Computer Interface
Authors: Trigui Omar , Zouch Wassim , Ben Messaoud Mohamed
Published: August 2017

The features extraction is the main step in a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) design. Its goal is to create features easy to be interpreted in order to produce the most accurate control commands. For this end, these features must include all the original signal characteristics. The generated brain's signals' non-stationary and nonlinearity constitute a limitation to the improvement of the performances of systems based on traditional signal processing such as Fourier Transform. This work deals with the comparison of features extraction between Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) and Welch's method for Power Spectral Density estimation (PSD) then on the creation of an adaptive method combining the two. The parameters optimization of each method is firstly performed to reach the best classification accuracy rate. The study shows that the PSD estimation is sensitive to the parametric variation whereas the HHT method is mainly robust. The classification results show that an adaptive joint method can reach 90% of accuracy rate for a mental activity period of 1s.
Building Ambidextrous Supply Chains in SMEs
Authors: Faisal Mohd. Nishat , Talib Faisal
Published: August 2017

Ambidexterity involves developing competencies to excel simultaneously on the exploration and exploitation dimensions. Few studies in literature discuss ambidexterity in a supply chain context. The research presented in this paper highlights issues that act as barriers and deserve attention in implementing ambidextrous supply chain strategy in SMEs. To develop a relationship structure existing among these variables, Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) technique is used. Further, variables' impact and dependency is calculated using Impact Matrix Cross-Reference Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC) approach. ISM algorithm proves to be a better tool as compared to a large-scale generic questionnaire based study due to its iterative nature that helps to bring forth issues that are difficult to identify otherwise. SMEs in India under tremendous pressure to excel on exploration and exploitation dimensions would be the major beneficiaries of this study. The hierarchy based structure and the classification of factors based on their impact and dependence, will enhance the understanding of SMEs mangers/owners to improve supply chain performance by eliminating barriers and thereby implementing ambidextrous strategy across the supply chain.
An Empirical Take on Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Factors
Authors: Raghunath K. Madhu Kishore , Devi S. Lakshmi Tulasi , Patro Chandra Sekhar
Published: August 2017

Companies face a great challenge of balancing both risk and return on par. In today's volatile economic environment, success depends on strategically managing risks. All organisations accept risk in every decision that they take and risk management is therefore it is strategic when done proactively. Some risks are financial or quantitative and others are associated with behavioral factors or qualitative. Effective strategic risk management must address both quantitative and qualitative factors. Some factors are difficult to quantify or even identify. This study develops a framework from a literature review to identify most relevant quantitative and qualitative risks affecting public as well as private organisations. Risk planning, analysis and mitigation techniques are then proposed along with guidelines for matching each to a specific contest. Surveys are used to collect evidence from educational institutions, hospitals, banks, and manufacturing organizations to build the model. Non-paramateric statistical methods are used to validate the most significant combination of risk factors.