bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumption of PPI Drugs in Primary Health Care in Albania During 2010-2020
Authors: Kakariqi Laerta
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study was to estimate the out-of hospital Proton-pump inhibitors use in Albania (national level) during 2010-2020. All data were collected from Health Insurance Institute (HII) and analyzed reflecting the ambulatory and outpatient use for the period 2010-2020. The data about the consumption of drugs were expressed as a number of Defined Daily Dose (DDDs) /1000 inhabitants/day. For all the period under study 2010-2020, there were collected and analyzed data of import and domestic production of drugs, which represent the real consumption of drugs in the country. These data were subsequently included in a comparative analysis with the utilization data according to the Health Insurance Institute. Furthermore, it becomes visible the poor coverage by the scheme of the necessary alternative cures of the ulcerous disease. The reimbursement scheme offers only omeprazole. However, the consumption of omeprazole under the scheme is in much lower levels compared to the real data of omeprazole consumption coming from import figures, which shows its excessive utilization without medical prescription.
Medical Errors in Dentistry, Improving by Knowing and Accepting the Reality
Authors: Eriksen Nilena , Shpati Kleva , Shpati Dritan , Xhizdari Rialda
Published: December 2024

Background: A medication error is defined as “any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the healthcare professional, patient, or consumer.” In dental practice, medical errors can occur during various stages of the medication process, including prescription, storage, preparation, treatment, and use. Aim: This study aims to investigate the occurrence rate of medical errors in dental practice and identify factors contributing to their preventability. Study Design: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Method: Data were collected from the dental records of patients treated at the University Dental Clinics of Tirana, Albania, between January and June 2023. Results: Of the records analyzed, 390 (90%) contained at least one medical error. The frequency of errors ranged from 1.0 to 2.5 errors per record. The most common types of errors were "Transcription of prescriptions" (88%), "Prescription errors" (78%), and "Administration errors" (68%). Antibiotics were specifically examined due to concerns about adverse reactions and antibiotic resistance. The Pearson correlation coefficient for antibiotics was significantly greater than 0 but less than 1. Conclusion: Medical errors are prevalent in dental drug prescriptions. Understanding the types of medical errors and their contributing factors is crucial for optimizing therapy and ensuring patient safety. This study highlights, for the first time in the Albanian dental community, the need to document and address medical errors.
Diet, Physical Activity and Body Condition of Young People
Authors: Kapedani Kujtim
Published: December 2024

The promotion of a healthy lifestyle and nutrition education programs that aim the correction of the improper nutritional habits, present one of the prior principles in the WHO educational strategies for human health.The goal of this study is the development of a database with regard to the nutritional teenagers attitude in its quantitative aspect (food consume ) and qualitative (nutrition style) as a necessary demand for the planning of the nutritional and sanitary education interventions. In this study are enrolled 721 children aged 14-19 years old from the secondary schools district of Tirane (selected according to four categories :sex, age ,economic level and residence zone) This study made possible for the first time the calculation of the average values of the daily energy intake for this age group and evaluation of the diet in qualitative aspects. The values of the daily energy intake are lower that the recommended norms of the WHO, mainly in the males/ rural zones and with a tendency for a non equilibrated nutrition in the population with scarce economic level. The diet is a typical Mediterranean one with some light deviations with regard to the frequent consumes of the bread, milk and fish according to the recommended values.
The World’s Burden of Diabetes During the Latest Three Decades
Authors: Nasrat Abdullah M
Published: December 2024

The World’s Burden of Diabetes During the Latest Three Decades Might Not Be on the Account of Type II Diabetes but on Potential Stress Diabetes; Type II Diabetes is Not Curable While Stress Diabetes Could Be Corrected. Aim: Demonstration of an observational association between the flaring challenge of Helicobacter pylori and the spreading world’s diabetic phenomena during late three decades so that control of diabetes spread could be possible. Background: The spread of DM is rising all over the world in a dramatic way same as the fire spreading in hey especially in developing countries giving the term "diabetic epidemic" an actual credibility. The late three decades demonstrated rediscovery and antibiotic aggression towards H. pylori, development of migrating H. pylori strains and flare up of diabetes mellitus. Any study which does not correlate between these findings of the last three decades is definitely not employing any clinical sense. H. pylori could be forced to migrate to the colon under the influence of the antibiotic violence with consequent accumulation of profuse toxic amounts of colonic ammonia unopposed or buffered by any acidity leading to a biological toxic stress to the body that could predispose to stress diabetes among disadvantaged susceptible population. Administration of oral hypoglycemic pills to a stressed pancreas constitutes an insistence to flog a tired horse turning a potential condition into an established chronic illness with consequent flare up of the diabetic phenomena all over the world. Conclusion: The world’s spread of diabetes during latest three decades might not be on the account of type II dibetes but stress diabetes due to a potential toxic stress signifying that the diabetic condition could be corrected and the world’s diabetes spread could be readily and adequately controlled.
Martini 3 building blocks for Lipid Nanoparticle design
Authors: Kjølbye Lisbeth Ravnkilde , Valério Mariana , Paloncýová Markéta , Borges-Araújo Luis , Pestana-Nobles Roberto , Grünewald Fabian , M. H. Bruininks Bart , Araya-Osorio Rocío , Šrejber Martin , Mera-Adasme Raul , Monticelli Luca , J. Marrink Siewert , Otyepka Michal , Wu Sangwook , C.T. Souza Paulo
Published: January 2025

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent a promising platform for advanced drug and gene delivery, yet optimizing these particles for specific cargos and cell targets poses a complex, multifaceted challenge. Furthermore, there is a pressing need for a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying technology. Experimental studies are costly and often provide low-resolution information. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations allow us to study these particles at a higher resolution, enhancing our understanding. However, studying these systems at atomic resolutions is both challenging and computationally expensive, as well as time-consuming. Coarse-grained (CG) models, such as Martini 3, are positioned as promising tools for studying LNPs. To enable CG-MD studies of LNPs, accurate and validated models of their components are needed. Here, we present a substantial extension of the Martini 3 library of lipids, covering the most important LNP components, including over a hundred of ionizable lipid (IL) models, along with natural occurring sterol models and PEGylated lipid models. We furthermore present initial protocols for screening fusion efficacy across different lipid formulations and for constructing whole LNPs at CG resolution, enabling future studies of these nanoparticles.
Performance Evaluation of Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting Using the Monte Carlo Simulation Method in an AWGN Channel
Authors: Ngala D. K. , Akanbasiam J. A. , Issaka S.
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The study investigates the performance of digital terrestrial television broadcasting in Ghana.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The experimental methodology employed MATLAB R2018a as the primary simulation environment, operating on a Dell laptop with Windows 8, 16GB RAM, and an Intel Core i7 processor. The Monte Carlo simulation framework was implemented to analyse probabilistic outcomes in complex systems where deterministic approaches prove inadequate.
Findings: This work performs a MATLAB simulation of a digital network in an Asynchronous white Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel using Monte Carlo Simulation. The performance of BER vs. SNR is analysed using several QAM modulation schemes. The effect of noise over the AWGN channel was observed using constellation diagrams.
Research Limitation: This study concentrated on digital terrestrial television in Ghana, QAM modulation techniques, and MATLAB as a modelling tool.
Practical Implication: BER and SNR are excellent measurements of a digital communication system's performance. Understanding the bit-error rate (BER) facilitates optimising other digital communication system parameters for improved performance.
Social Implication: A Bit Error Rate (BER) offers an impartial, measurable measure of the system closely linked to its operational performance. A higher bit error rate (BER) indicates poor system performance. There is an apparent variance in the BER in the AWGN channel between low and high modulation techniques.
Originality/ Value: This paper simulates the BER performance of a digital communication system. The benchmark compares the BER variation in an AWGN channel for various SNRs using various modulation techniques.
Design and Manufacture of A Manual Vertical Groundnut Roasting Machine
Authors: Abankwa E. O. , Boadu M. K. , Amankona E. , Fatahia W. Z.
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The study aimed to develop a roasting machine to meet the demand of small-scale groundnut processing industries.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Three conceptual designs were considered for the drive system. The conceptual designs were assessed using a comprehensive evaluation criterion. AutoCAD was used to design the roaster parts. After the design, the parts were manufactured and assembled to form the roaster. Two experiments were conducted with different fuel sources, and a 4 kg groundnut mass was used to test the roaster. The fuel sources used were firewood and LPG, with an average seed loss of 1.8%. 
Research Limitation: The roaster was manufactured based on existing designs in Northern Ghana.
Findings: The roaster's throughput capacity and efficiency were 15 kg/h and 98%, respectively. Unlike previous roasters, whose cylinders were positioned horizontally, this roasting machine's cylinder was placed vertically, with the upper part of the roaster opened, making it possible to monitor the groundnut while roasting.
Social Implications: Groundnut roasting is essential to ensure quality improvement, easy handling, safe storage, further processing, and value addition of the product.
Practical Implications: The roaster's design allows it to use charcoal as fuel. It employs a bevel gear system, which requires less operator effort. This implies that larger volumes of groundnut can be roasted within the shortest possible time.
 
Originality/Value: This work uniquely manufactures a vertical groundnut roasting machine for local industries. This machine enables easy monitoring of the groundnut during roasting. The design differs from the horizontal ones that already exist. This knowledge adds to our understanding of existing roasters in the local areas.
Role of AI and ChatGPT in Promoting Holistic and Multidisciplinary Education: NEP-2020 Perspectives
Authors: Pachaiyappan P.
Published: December 2024

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 envisions a transformative overhaul of the Indian education system, aiming to foster holistic, flexible and multidisciplinary education. Central to this vision is the integration of advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and tools such as ChatGPT, which have the potential to revolutionize educational practices. This review explores the role of AI and ChatGPT in facilitating personalized learning, promoting multidisciplinary education and supporting holistic development, all of which are central to the objectives of NEP 2020. Drawing on existing literature, this article highlights how AI can enhance educational outcomes, foster interdisciplinary learning and help create more inclusive and adaptive learning environments and also examines the challenges associated with implementing AI in the Indian context and proposes recommendations for its effective integration.
A study on entrepreneurial competencies, challenges and enhancing opportunities for rural empowerment
Authors: Subramani P. C. Naga
Published: December 2024

Entrepreneurship plays a vital role in driving economic development and empowering rural communities. This study examines the competencies, challenges, and opportunities among rural entrepreneurs in Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu. A survey methodology was used with a sample of 200 rural entrepreneurs from industries such as textiles and automobiles.The study assessed entrepreneurial competencies based on gender, education, and business background, revealing notable differences. Male entrepreneurs outperformed females in competency measures, highlighting gender disparities. Educational qualifications significantly impacted competencies, with school-educated entrepreneurs achieving the highest mean scores. Entrepreneurs from business families demonstrated greater competencies compared to first-generation entrepreneurs.Key challenges identified include financial constraints, infrastructural deficits, and technological barriers, while opportunities lie in digital platforms and government initiatives. The findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions to address these challenges, enhance entrepreneurial capacities, and promote sustainable development. Empowering rural entrepreneurs is crucial for fostering economic growth and rural prosperity.
A study on digital literacy of rural women based on their educational qualification
Authors: Sharmila V.
Published: December 2024

Digital literacy is a crucial aspect of contemporary life, enabling individuals to access information, participate in socio-economic activities, and adapt to the rapidly evolving technological landscape. However, the digital divide remains a persistent challenge, particularly among rural women, whose access and proficiency are often shaped by factors such as educational qualification. This study examines the digital literacy levels of rural women in relation to their educational backgrounds. By employing a mixed-methods approach that includes surveys and interviews, the research aims to explore how varying levels of formal education influence digital competencies, usage patterns, and barriers to digital inclusion. The findings highlight significant disparities in digital skills, access to technology, and confidence in using digital tools among women with differing educational attainments. The study emphasizes the need for tailored interventions, including digital skill training and access enhancement programs, to bridge the digital literacy gap and empower rural women to fully engage with digital resources. These insights contribute to the broader discourse on gender equity and rural development in the future world.
Sakramen Rekonsiliasi sebagai Sarana Pengudusan: Telaah atas Fenomena Umat dalam Menerimanya di Paroki Santa Maria Fatima Sentul
Authors: Indra Agustinus
Published: January 2025

Perubahan budaya memberikan tantangan terhadap praktik dan pemahaman umat mengenai sakramen rekonsiliasi. Teologi sakramen rekonsiliasi pasca Konsili Vatikan II harus diterapkan sesuai dengan konteks umat saat ini, dengan menekankan kasih dan pengampunan Allah. Sakramen rekonsiliasi bukan hanya kebutuhan, tetapi juga bagian integral dari kehidupan beriman, di mana individu mengalami rahmat Allah melalui penyesalan, pengakuan dosa, dan penerimaan pengampunan. Namun, di Paroki SMF Sentul, terdapat beberapa kendala yang membuat umat enggan mengaku dosa. Pertama, rasa malu untuk mengaku dosa di hadapan imam. Kedua, pemahaman yang dangkal tentang dosa hanya sebagai benar atau salah tanpa melihat dampaknya terhadap relasi dengan Allah. Ketiga, relativisme moral yang mengaburkan kesadaran akan dosa objektif. Untuk memotivasi umat dalam mengaku dosa dan memahami makna sakramen rekonsiliasi, peneliti menawarkan solusi pastoral melalui katekese. Pertama, menekankan peran imam sebagai pengajar utama sakramen rekonsiliasi. Kedua, katekese tentang teologi sakramen rekonsiliasi agar umat memahami makna mendalam setiap bagian perayaan sakramen. Ketiga, katekese tentang perlindungan rahasia peniten dalam sakramen rekonsiliasi, sehingga umat tidak lagi khawatir, malu, atau takut untuk merayakan sakramen tersebut. Upaya ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan antusiasme umat dalam mengaku dosa dan memperdalam pemahaman mereka tentang sakramen rekonsiliasi.
Pemahaman dan Praktik Sakramen Pengurapan Orang Sakit di Rumah Sakit
Authors: Yogatama Theodorus Agung
Published: January 2025

Sakramen Pengurapan Orang Sakit adalah salah satu dari tujuh sakramen dalam Gereja Katolik yang memiliki makna mendalam baik secara teologis maupun praktis. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi dua aspek utama dari sakramen ini: perspektif teologis yang mendasari praktiknya dan aplikasi praktis dalam konteks pastoral. Melalui analisis teologis, artikel ini menelusuri akar biblis dan tradisi Gereja yang membentuk pemahaman tentang pengurapan orang sakit, serta signifikansinya sebagai sarana rahmat ilahi dan penyembuhan spiritual.  Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mencakup tinjauan praktis tentang bagaimana sakramen ini dilaksanakan dalam kehidupan nyata, terutama di Rumah Sakit X. Dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus dan wawancara dengan para pasien dan keluarga mereka, artikel ini mengungkap tantangan dan peluang yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan sakramen ini. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Sakramen Pengurapan Orang Sakit bukan hanya memberikan penghiburan dan kekuatan bagi yang sakit, tetapi juga memperkuat ikatan komunitas dan menegaskan kembali kehadiran Tuhan dalam penderitaan manusia. Dengan demikian, artikel ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang pentingnya Sakramen Pengurapan Orang Sakit dalam kehidupan iman umat Katolik dan menawarkan rekomendasi praktis untuk memperbaiki pelaksanaannya di berbagai konteks pastoral.
Pemberantasan Mafia Tanah di Indonesia: Dalam Mewujudkan Keadilan dan Kepastian Hukum Bagi Pemilik Tanah
Authors: Zamil Yusuf Saepul , Eprilia Farina Firda , Firdaus Hendri , Maharso Triadi , Rizal Nursyah
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to find solutions to prevent and eradicate land mafia in Indonesia. This is because the practice of land mafia in Indonesia has been going on for a long time, and is very worrying and detrimental to the state and society. The urgency of this study is to ensure legal certainty for legitimate land owners from land grabbing by the land mafia. This study uses a normative legal research method, namely a research method using secondary data or library data as its main data supported by primary data. Efforts that can be made to eradicate the land mafia are by changing land data into digital data including digitally integrated land maps. By changing land data digitally, it produces accurate land data so that there is no loophole for the land mafia to claim land belonging to others. The digital land data includes land maps per plot which are contained in the land book and then issued electronic land certificates or hard copy land certificates based on digital data that has one hundred percent accuracy.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari solusi pencegahan dan pemberantasan mafia tanah di Indonesia. Hal ini dilatarbelakangi karena praktik mafia tanah di Indonesia sudah berlangsung sangat lama, sangat mengkhawatirkan dan merugikan negara dan masyarakat. Urgensi dari penelitian ini adalah agar adanya kepastian hukum bagi pemilik tanah yang sah dari perampasan tanah oleh mafia tanah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, yaitu metode penelitian dengan menggunakan data sekunder atau data kepustakaan sebagai data utamanya dengan didukung oleh data primer. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk memberantas mafia tanah adalah dengan merubah data pertanahan menjadi data digital termasuk peta tanah yang terintegerasi secara digital. Dengan merubah data pertanahan secara digital, maka menghasilkan data pertanahan yang akurat sehingga tidak ada celah bagi mafia tanah untuk mengklaim tanah milik orang lain. Data pertanahan secara digital tersebut meliputi peta tanah perbidang yang dimuat dalam buku tanah kemudian diterbitkan sertifikat tanah secara elektronik atau sertifikat tanah berbentuk hard copy berdasarkan data digital yang mempunyai keakuratan seratus persen.
State Financial Position as State Equity Participation in Indonesia Investment Authority
Authors: Al Farizy Mohammad Rafi , Nugroho Fiska Maulidian , Prakoso Bhim
Published: January 2025

The aim of this research is to examine the position of state finances as state capital participation in the INA. Through Government Regulation in Lieu of Law (PERPPU) No. 2/2022, the Investment Management Institution as known as Indonesia Investment Authority (INA) is a new initiative by the government to manage Central Government investments. Referring to the Santiago Principles, the government uses the separate legal entity model for the establishment of INA. The capital of INA comes from state equity participation, which in Indonesia’s financial system is categorized as separate state assets. This means that, in essence, INA’s capital is considered state finance. However, there is a regulatory construction in Article 158 paragraph (4) which states that INA’s losses are not state losses, thus INA’s equity is no longer considered state finance. This is akin to the concept of a separate legal entity in corporations, which have their own assets separate from the assets of their owners/managers. Previously, Constitutional Court Decisions No. 48/PUU-XI/2013 and No. 62/PUU-XI/2013 had established that separated state assets remain state finance. Therefore, a question arises regarding the status of INA. Using normative legal research methods, the research findings indicate that INA’s equity originating from state equity participation has transformed into INA’s private finance. However, this transformation is not in line with the national financial system constructed based on the welfare state principle. Consequently, this could potentially create loopholes for the embezzlement of state funds.
The Use of Magic in the Village Head Election in Tidore Islands City Indonesia
Authors: Rosyidi Irham , Faisal Fatma , Umar Mahmud Hi , Sybelle Jan Alizea , Junaidi M
Published: January 2025

In Indonesia, the Village Head Election is the implementation of people’s sovereignty to choose village heads in a direct, public, free, confidential, honest, and just manner as stated in Regulation of the Minister of Internal Affairs No. 27 of 2020. This paper aims to analyze deviant behavior in the Village Head Elections that may bring harm to other people that involve the role of supernatural beings committed by Village Head Election participants. The importance of learning magic for the Village Head Election includes: (1) to influence the opinion of society who have suffrage rights; (2) to manipulate the obtainment of votes; (3) to make other Village Head Election participants die and/or sick; and (4) to influence the opinion of Village Head Election organizers. This paper employed the juridical empirical research method in the field of the legal anthropology scientific discipline. It used the behavioral approach. This paper aims to understand how mystical practices may influence election results that should ideally be carried out in a just and honest manner as well as to increase awareness of the risk of unethical behavior in the election process. Results showed that mystical things are always closely related to the culture of the Indonesian nation from era to era, including in its political culture. It can be seen that in every leadership of national figures, mystical activities are practiced. Contestants will visit shamans by sending voodoo to their political opponents so that they can win the political contestation. Apart from that, there are those who carry out rituals that are believed to be effective as a way to win the contestation in the political realm. The novelty of this research is that authors not only analyze the magical aspect of the Village Head Elections but also how magic is believed and implemented at the national level. The implication of this case is that it is rather difficult to prove magical cases. Thus, it leads to the occurrence of widespread suspicion among all parties.
Peran Bantuan Hukum Terhadap Tersangka Dalam Proses Penyidikan
Authors: Sudarmanto Kukuh , Sukarna Kadi , Soegianto Soegianto
Published: January 2025

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of legal assistance in the investigation process for economically disadvantaged suspects at the Semarang Police Department, with a focus on the challenges and solutions encountered. The criminal justice system in Indonesia regulates the rights of suspects, including the right to legal assistance. Although this right is governed by various laws and regulations, practices in the field reveal a gap between the expected norms and the reality. This research uses an empirical legal method with an empirical juridical approach, integrating the analysis of legal norms with their implementation in practice. The findings show that although the regulations related to legal assistance are generally applied, there are still significant obstacles related to public legal awareness and the lack of effective socialization. While law enforcement officers and legal aid institutions play an active role, there is still a need for improvements in facilities and legal education for the public to ensure that legal assistance is accessible to all levels of society. This study recommends improvements in the legal assistance system and an increase in public understanding of the importance of legal aid.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas bantuan hukum dalam proses penyidikan terhadap tersangka yang tidak mampu secara ekonomi di Polres Semarang, dengan fokus pada kendala dan solusi yang dihadapi. Sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia mengatur hak-hak tersangka, salah satunya hak untuk mendapatkan bantuan hukum. Meskipun diatur dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan, praktik di lapangan menunjukkan adanya ketimpangan antara norma yang diharapkan dan kenyataan yang ada. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum empiris dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris, yang mengintegrasikan analisis terhadap norma hukum dengan penerapannya di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun secara umum peraturan terkait bantuan hukum sudah diterapkan, masih terdapat kendala utama terkait kesadaran hukum masyarakat dan kurangnya sosialisasi yang efektif. Meskipun aparat penegak hukum dan lembaga bantuan hukum berperan aktif, peningkatan sarana dan pendidikan hukum bagi masyarakat masih diperlukan untuk memastikan bantuan hukum dapat diakses dengan optimal oleh semua lapisan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya perbaikan dalam sistem pendampingan hukum serta peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat mengenai pentingnya bantuan hukum.
Realizing Restitution Justice for Child Victims of Sexual Assault
Authors: Hidaya Wahab Aznul , Rakia A. Sakti R.S. , Kora Paulinus , Ali Muhammad , Tuasikal Hadi
Published: January 2025

Children who are victims of crime often face severe challenges in their recovery after the incident. In the context of the Indonesian criminal justice system, protecting their rights is still an issue that has not been fully resolved. This study aims to analyze the procedures and considerations of judges in determining the amount of compensation for victims, especially children, who are victims of crime. The normative method examines relevant legal regulations and related legal principles. The analysis shows that the regulation on restitution for child victims has provided a systematic framework to ensure fair compensation. However, there are still challenges in effectively implementing restitution, especially in cases of sexual assault, where offenders often struggle to fulfil their restitution obligations. It creates injustice for victims, who have to bear the brunt of financial and emotional losses. In this context, the role of the judge is crucial in determining the amount of restitution appropriate to the loss suffered by the victim. The protection of child victims of crime is not only the responsibility of the criminal justice system but also of the entire society. Therefore, further measures are needed to increase public awareness and support in victim recovery, as well as to ensure that the criminal law system is more humane and progressive in protecting the rights of victims, especially the rights of children.
Review of Current Status of Forensic Medicine and Related Courses at Saudi Universities Offering Medical Programs
Authors: Sabri Imran
Published: December 2024

This study reviewed the status of undergraduate education in Forensic Medicine within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Forensic Medicine curricula of 65 universities were reviewed through accessing the respective university websites. There were visible inconsistencies in Forensic Medicine. The inconsistencies were in the credit hours, the year Forensic Medicine was taught and the curricula themselves. This means that the Saudi medical graduates are being imparted the education in Forensic medicine in a non-standardized manner. The study concludes that Forensic medicine curricula currently need to be standardized with respect to the subjects taught within Forensic Medicine courses and credit hours/year the subject was being taught. The study also proposes a model curriculum for teaching Forensic medicine at undergraduate level. The Saudi health Commission has already published standards for postgraduate training in Forensic medicine, this can serve as a guide for undergraduate education as well. The observations and changes recommended are envisaged to standardized undergraduate education of Forensic Medicine within the Kingdom.
دور الشرطة المجتمعيَّة في مواجهة أبرز التهديدات الأمنيَّة المعاصرة
Authors: Arafa Muhammad Amin Khadija
Published: December 2024

This study explores the role of community policing as a security model in addressing key emerging security threats that impact individual safety and community stability. With the increasing complexity of these threats, which often cannot be effectively countered by traditional security measures alone, the importance of a proactive approach becomes evident. The study emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of local community dynamics, cultural sensitivities, and the necessity of a tailored, community-centric approach to security.
outlines the prerequisites for successfully implementing this model across diverse communities. Additionally, it investigates the extent to which community policing is effective against various types of emerging threats, taking into account the unique nature of each threat.
The findings suggest that community policing can play a crucial role in safeguarding local communities from emerging threats, with its effectiveness varying depending on the nature of the threat and the specific context of each community. This approach has become essential in addressing the evolving nature of crime, which increasingly requires proactive and preventive interventions.
The study recommends the establishment of a dedicated research unit to provide targeted recommendations for responding to different types of emerging threats, while also advocating for the adoption of a foresight approach and future studies to predict and prepare for potential security challenges. The development of early warning systems is also emphasized as a key aspect of this approach.
دمج أهداف التنمية المستدامة في إستراتيجيات الأمن الوطني: دراسة حالة اليابان
Authors: Mustafa Jabr Al-Gizawi Ahmed
Published: December 2024

This study provides an analysis of the integrative relationship between sustainable development and national security, highlighting how sustainable development goals can be incorporated into national security strategies to ensure long-term stability for nations. The study examines the Japanese experience as a pioneering model in achieving a balanced approach between investing in human capital, environmental protection, social justice, and sound governance policies. Japan offers a practical example of how to address environmental and social challenges through innovation in education, healthcare, and sustainable development.
The study explores the dimensions of sustainable development, focusing on environmental, economic, and social aspects, while also reviewing the dimensions of national security, including military, political, social, economic, and environmental security, clarifying the interactive relationships between these dimensions.
The study concludes that sustainable development is not merely an economic objective but a fundamental pillar for enhancing national security. Investment in education, healthcare, and environmental protection contributes to achieving internal stability and addressing future challenges. The study emphasizes that national security relies on sustainable policies that encompass environmental and social dimensions, which Japan has successfully embodied through comprehensive strategies that serve as a model to be emulated.
Evaluation of an Innovative Casting Method in the Recovery of
Footwear Impressions in Soil
Authors: Xie Dongbai , Tang Zhijie , La Tian , Hong Hao , Duo Shuwang
Published: December 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) shoeprints taken from crime scenes can more accurately depict impressions than photographs, providing a crucial link between the crime scene and the suspect. This paper introduces rigid polyurethane foam as an alternative material for recovering and preserving 3D footwear impressions in soil. The rigid polyurethane is manufactured through gas expansion, solidifying in a foamed state that consists of a dense integral surface and a durable closed-cell structure beneath the skin layer. It is easily molded, lightweight, dimensionally accurate, and exhibits minimal changes in strength when the foam casts are created and stored indoors. In comparison to casts made with plaster of Paris, this method produces impressions on casts that exhibit more identifiable characteristics, serving as a complementary technique for the forensic science community in reproducing 3D footwear impressions found in soil.
المدخل الإداري لمكافحة الاتجار بالأشخاص: إدارة المعرفة نموذجًا
Authors: Bin Hamed Alsulami Mofleh
Published: December 2024

تهدف الدراسة إلى التعرف على دور المدخل الإداري في مكافحة الاتجار بالأشخاص من خلال تطبيق إدارة المعرفة نموذجًا، واستخدم الباحث المنهج التحليلي المسحي، والاستبانة كأداة للدراسة؛ حيث تم اختيار عينة عشوائية بسيطة عددها (344) عاملًا من العاملين في مجال مكافحة الاتجار بالبشر من منسوبي وزارة الموارد البشرية والشؤون الاجتماعية لتطبيق هذه الدراسة، ولقد توصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج من أبرزها:
- أن دور إدارة المعرفة الصريحة في مكافحة الاتجار بالأشخاص كان مرتفعًا جدًا.
- أن دور إدارة المعرفة الضمنية في مكافحة الاتجار بالأشخاص كان مرتفعًا.
- أن دور تطبيقات نظم إدارة المعرفة في مكافحة الاتجار بالأشخاص كان مرتفعًا.
- أن من أبرز تحديات إدارة المعرفة في مكافحة الاتجار بالأشخاص ارتفاعًا وجود إجراءات أمنية معقدة، تهدف إلى الحفاظ على سرية المعلومات والمعارف، وأوصت الدراسة بعدة توصيات من أهمها: أن توضع إستراتيجية وطنية لتحويل جميع الخبرات والمعارف الضمنية في مكافحة الاتجار بالأشخاص إلى معارف صريحة، وأن تكون الثقافة التنظيمية محفزة ومعززة للاستفادة القصوى من المعرفة الصريحة والضمنية ومشاركتها مع ربط ذلك بنظام للحوافز يرتبط بممارسات وأنشطة إدارة المعرفة، وأن يتم العمل على إيجاد بيئة تفاعلية لإدارة المعرفة ونقلها وتخزينها للاستفادة منها في عمليات الابتكار والإبداع في مكافحة الاتجار بالأشخاص.
استقلال النيابة العامة في المغرب: الفرص والتحديات
Authors: Hatim Anouar
Published: December 2024

Over the past decade, Morocco has taken significant steps toward ensuring the independence of the Public Prosecutor’s Office from the executive branch, effectively breaking any ties it previously had with the Ministry of Justice. This move has been enshrined in both the Constitution and legislative frameworks.
This article aims to critically examine Morocco’s experience in achieving prosecutorial independence, exploring both the challenges it faces and the potential opportunities for further improvement and reinforcement. To achieve this, the author adopts an analytical and comparative methodology, scrutinizing the relevant Moroccan legal texts governing the Public Prosecutor’s Office and its interactions with other authorities. The study identifies the key issues posed by these regulations and seeks solutions to enhance the independence of the prosecutorial body.
The research culminates in several findings, the most notable being that viewing independence merely as the separation of the Public Prosecutor’s Office from the Ministry of Justice is a limited interpretation. This narrow view overlooks the hierarchical subordination that governs prosecutors, their adherence to the principle of judicial unity, and their functional ties to the judicial police.
An Update on a World Wide Study of Bullets Fired From 10 Consecutively Rifled 9mm Ruger Pistol Barrels
Authors: E. Hamby James , M. Warren Eric , J. Brundage David , D. K. Petraco Nicholas , W. Thorpe James
Published: December 2024

This technical note is the latest update on a continuing study, first designed and initiated by Brundage et al. over twenty years ago. This study was borne out of increased scrutiny of firearms identification in response to Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in 1993. The purpose was to determine whether forensic firearms examiners were able to associate fired bullets with the barrels through which they had been fired. To date 792 participants from 36 countries have utilized over 240 test sets consisting of bullets fired through 10 consecutively rifled Ruger P-85 pistol barrels. Here we provide an update on the results of the ongoing “10 barrel test” up until the point in time of writing. To analyze the data thus far collected, a Bayesian approach was again selected. Posterior examiner error rates are estimated assuming only vague prior information. Given the data found over the course of this diverse decades long study, our most conservative estimate for examiner error rate has a posterior median of 0.03% with a 95% probability interval of [2×10-6 %, 0.1%].
The effect of autism on language delay with children in Dohuk Governorate Center
Authors: Sabri Ali Shirzad , Miqdad Ahmed Delvin
Published: December 2024

Autism is considered a new disorder that affects some children and greatly affects their mental development and language delay. Neglecting autism treatment may lead to serious complications, including madness. This research focuses on the effect of autism on linguistic delay among children at the Dohuk Governorate Autism Center. The research relied on the descriptive approach using a questionnaire that was distributed to special education and autism teachers in the Dohuk Governorate Education Directorate, and the data was analyzed statistically to understand the relationship between autism and language delay. The aim of the research is to know the ways of developing autism and its effect on language delay with children in the Dohuk Governorate Center, and to educate their families about the dangers of autism and ways to prevent it to protect their children from negative effects on their language and health. The results showed that language impairment is one of the main symptoms of autism, with 67% of specialist teachers answering this question “yes”. This research consists of two chapters, in addition to the introduction and conclusion. The first chapter includes the theoretical aspect and deals with autism and language delay, while the second chapter includes the analytical aspect and deals with statistical analysis and the presentation and discussion of the results.
Orignal and fundamental words of Hawrami dialect in Syachamane texts anthropological research
Authors: Ali Abid Hadya , Khurshed Abdulla Abdulla
Published: December 2024

This research entitled Original and Fundamental Words of Hawrami dialect in Siyachemane Texts that consists two parts. in the first part try to deal with theoretical and historical aspects, and the second part shows the information which obtained from the practical aspect through the researcher’s participation and staying with the research community based on the knowledge of the theoretical aspect of the research.
In today’s world culture has its own significance in the life of society. Language as a main element has also play an important role in making individuals belong to one nation and their ancestors both materially and spiritually. Language is the symbol and identity for the existence of a society, people and nation.
 In this study, the researcher aims to discuss the role of language in the nation’s art. The local communities of Hawraman have many unique things, especially their own l,anguage and art. Songs in general and Siyachemane songs in particular are an original and ancient culture of the community, which is sung in a pure Hawrami language and its poems, verses and songs are still sung by the artists of the community. This artistic endeavor for the Kurdish nation has an artistic, social, religious, economic, political, values.
This research consists of two parts. The first part of the research is about Hawrami dialect in which the theoretical aspects of the research are presented. This part consists of three topics: the first topic is language, the second topic is history of Hawrami language, the third topic is the situation of Hawrami language. The second part is to discuss the art of singing Siyachemane within the framework of the anthropology of art and the field aspects of the research and consists of four topics: The first topic is Siyachemane, the second topic is the way of singing Siyachemane music, the third topic is Siyachemane verses, and the fourth topic is the importance of Siyachemane among its listener part is to discuss the art of singing Siyachemane within the framework of the anthropology of art and the field aspects of the research and consists of four topics: The first topic is Siyachemane, the second topic is the way of singing Siyachemane music, the third topic is Siyachemane verses, and the fourth topic is the importance of Siyachemane among its listeners.
Romanticism of Kurdish Poets in the Autumn References of the Autumn poems’ tools as an example
Authors: Jalal Ikram , As’ad MuhammadSalih Tanya
Published: December 2024

As Poets become more sensitive and inspired to write Poems in the fall, this season is called Poets’ season. The climate change in this season affects the psychology of the poets and makes them feel (loneliness, departure, old age and death…etc.) even more and as a result their poems lean more towards these characteristics and would move them towards writing poems that embody characteristics of the fall and carrying some terms and tools that emanate from natural phenomena of the fall like (falling dead leaves, wind, foreignness, sadness, departure and death…etc.). Such entities become the tools of the fall-poems and would be utilized for different meanings and purposes.
The existence of fall-poems can be detected in ancient Kurdish poems and become clearer with Besarany and extends through Mawlawy up till modern-classic, modern and contemporary poets. The basics of the romantics can be observed in fall-poems, which is a wide field giving free reign for this type of poem to extend its wings and show its aspects including ancient and modern poems.
This Paper is divided into two sections; in the first section, example of fall-poems from poets like: (Besarany, Naly, Salim, Kurdy, Mahwy) are presented with the clarification of fall-related tools used in them. As for the second section, the history of the emergence of Kurdish Romantic Poems and Kurdish Romantic Characteristics has been presented, as well as elucidation of three poems by (Besarany, Hemin, and Hasib Qaradaghy) and identifying the romantic foundations found in them.
And lastly, the conclusion is presented.
The Culture and Social Culture of Mahabad Residents(1880-1946)
Authors: Ahmad Qadir Awat , Abdulrahman Sarwar
Published: December 2024

This study investigates one of the most significant features of the social history of Mahabad, which is one of the famous cities in Kurdistan. Inspite of that Mahabad was the capital of Republic of Kurdistan politically, it, socially, had a long social characteristic. Because Mahabad located on one of the commerce roads between East and West, it became a crucial center of commerce between East and West areas; moreover, it became a lively city socially with having its own culture and social features. Coming various people from Russia and Ottoman Empire to Mahabad for commerce and being many Jewish and Christian families in the city, certainly, had a considerable influence on the social condition generally and on the culture and social culture of the city specifically.
This study includes two scientific themes. In the first theme, we talk about the protocols of hospitality, horse riding, and jokes and games in Mahabad, in which the city had its own feature in this regard. Besides, in the second theme we have dealt with three social phenomena: wedding ceremonies, parties, and visiting the cemetery of good people.
The significance of the study is that only few researches have been conducted in this socio-historical domain although it is very important.
The Mechanisms of Literary Translation in the Translation of “امشب اشكی میریزد” from Persian to Kurdish according to the Theories of (Vinay) and (Darbelnet)
Authors: Badel M.Hassan Gulistan , Ahmad Hussein Bayan
Published: December 2024

Literary translation is a sophisticated and tactful process that exceeds the mechanism of what to say to how to say it from linguistic, cultural and educational perspectives and accommodating these in the target language. This relates to the fact that the literary text is itself the product of interrelated socio-political, economical and religious aspects. Additionally, the literary text is a reflection of the cultural concerns of a society that it represents as well as the emotional and ideological anxieties of the individuals that are also partly the anxieties of the writers. This means that such characteristics give literary text individual and unique qualities which in turn require individual and unique processes of translation especially in the way in which each text is read, evaluated and received.                                                                      
In this concern, the theory and mechanism of translation play an active and significant role. Based on this, the translation of the Persian novel “امشب اشكی میریزد” written by Koros Babayi into Kurdish “ئەڤ شەڤە ڕوندكەك دێ ڕژیت”, Tonight a Tear will be Dropped, by Nishtiman M. Saleem in 2011, has been selected to analyzed in relation to the translation mechanisms of the two French theorists Jean Darbelnet (1904-1990) and Jean-Paul Vinay (1910-1999). In his translation of the aforementioned text, the translator has adopted direct translation, or word-for-word translation. Employing this mechanism has assisted the translator in transforming the novel into the target language adding his unique style. However, the translator’s lack of experience in the implementation of the (translation by omission) in which the translator, unable to find equivalents from target language for certain parts of a text in source language, makes omissions in the text. This has caused a number of negative impacts on the text. These have been explained with examples.