bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An upgrade of the materials irradiation facility with in-situ electrical resistivity measurement at the Demokritos TANDEM accelerator
Authors: Theodorou A. , Kotsina Z. , Axiotis M. , Apostolopoulos G.
Published: February 2020

As an important part of fusion materials research, evaluation of radiation damage in fusion materials has been emphasized more than a half century. In order to improve our understanding of radiation damage in fusion materials, an upgrade has been performed of the materials irradiation facility IR2, which is located at the NCSR “Demokritos” 5.5 MV TANDEM accelerator. The upgraded facility allows irradiation at higher ion beam currents while ensuring that the target temperature remains below 10 K. It provides in-situ electrical resistivity measurements on several samples for real-time monitoring of radiation damage as well as in-situ post-irradiation annealing up to 300 K. The upgraded IR2 facility has been successfully employed in radiation damage and recovery studies of metallic materials with applications in fusion research.
Direct measurement of fission barrier height of unstable heavy nuclei at ISOL facilities
Authors: Veselský M. , Klimo J. , Raabe R. , Andreyev A. N. , Huyse M. , Van Duppen P. , Renzi F. , Nishio K. , Makii H. , Nishinaka I. , Chiba S. , Souliotis G. , Grahn T. , Greenlees P. T. , Pakarinen J. , Rahkila P. , Venhart M. , Kliman J. , Hlavac S. , Matousek V. , Krupa L. , Sivacek I. , Klc D. , Sedlak M. , Rapisarda E. , ACTAR TPC Collaboration The
Published: February 2020

Fission barrier height is one of the least known nuclear parameters, with experimental data, acquired decades ago, existing only close to beta-stability line. Availability of heavy radioactive beams offers possibility to investigate fission of more exotic nuclei and using the state of the art detection technique such as the active target we can even probe their fission barriers heights with precision has not been reached so far. The present status of fission barrier measurement is going to be explained in this paper. We are going to discuss the possibilities to stage experimental studies of fission barrier heights at new generation of ISOL facilities such as HIE-ISOLDE and active target ACTAR TPC. As an example we select the experiment IS581, being prepared for execution at the HIE-ISOLDE facility (CERN).
Speed of sound bounds, tidal polarizibility and gravitational waves from neutron stars
Authors: Margaritis Ch. , Moustakidis Ch. C. , Gaitanos T. , Lalazissis G. A.
Published: February 2020

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Parameter-independent predictions for nuclear shapes and B(E2) transition rates in the proxy-SU(3) model
Authors: Martinou A. , Peroulis S. , Bonatsos D. , Assimakis I. E. , Sarantopoulou S. , Minkov N. , Cakirli R. B. , Casten R. F. , Blaum K.
Published: February 2020

Using a new approximate analytic parameter-free proxy-SU(3) scheme, we make predictions of shape observables for actinides and superheavy elements, namely β and γ deformation variables, and compare these with predictions by relativistic and non-relativistic mean-field theories. Furthermore, we make predictions for B(E2) transition rates of deformed nuclei and compare these with existing data and predictions of other theoretical approaches.
Investigation of JET ITER-like wall Be marker tiles
Authors: Tsavalas P. , Lagoyannis A. , Mergia K. , Triantou K. , Harissopulos S. , Rubel M. , Petersson P. , Kokkoris M. , JET Contributors And
Published: February 2020

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Isospin symmetry as a master mason for paving nuclear structure experiments along the proton dripline
Authors: Mertzimekis T. J.
Published: February 2020

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Natural and artificial radionuclides in moss samples from the region of Northern Greece
Authors: Betsou Ch. , Tsakiris E. , Hansman J. , Krmar M. , Ioannidou A.
Published: February 2020

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A study of tritium concentrations in air humidity following a rainfall
Authors: Stamoulis K. C. , Ioannides K. G. , Papachristodoulou C. A. , Alexandropoulou S.
Published: February 2020

N/A
Cancer immunosurveillance by CD8 T cells
Authors: Crispin José C , Tsokos George C
Published: February 2020

Clinical success attained in patients with cancer treated with checkpoint inhibitors has renewed the interest in the immune system and in particular in T cells as a therapeutic tool to eliminate tumors. Here, we discuss recent studies that evaluate the anti-tumor role of CD8 T cells and the mechanisms that interfere with this function. In particular, we review recent literature that has reported on the phenotype and transcriptome of tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells and deciphered the mechanisms associated with failed tumor rejection.
La incertidumbre del porvenir y su potencial democrático: la experiencia deliberativa en la comuna de Estación Central en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Zambra Álvarez Rafaela
Published: February 2020

En 2008, la comuna de Estación Central experimenta un proceso de verticalización, cuya magnitud arrastra una serie de conflictos socio-espaciales. En 2015 se formaliza la primera organización vecinal contra los efectos de dicho fenómeno y en 2017 el caso se instala en el debate público. Tomando en consideración este escenario, en 2017 se realizó una etnografía de la participación, cuyo objetivo fue analizar las prácticas participativas relativas a la planifi­cación urbana de la comuna de un grupo de dirigentes y vecino/as que inician un proceso de problematización de este mal público (Cefaï, 2011). El objetivo ulterior fue comprender cómo el ideal de la democracia deliberativa es puesto a prueba dentro de este grupo de individuos. Se concluye que la mise à l’épreuve de la democracia deliberativa se expresa en la complejidad del universo simbólico definido por experiencias individuales y colectivas de descubrimiento de las propias posiciones frente a este mal público.
An Approach for the Railway Multiterritory Dispatching Problem
Authors: Borraz-Sánchez Conrado , Klabjan Diego , Uygur Alper
Published: February 2020

In this research, we address the railway multiterritory dispatch planning (RMTDP) problem. The goal of the RMTDP problem is to find the optimal movement of trains across consecutive dispatch territories, and it is one of the major challenges that decision makers face on a daily basis. It ideally takes into account the correct placement of maintenance windows, remaining capacity of terminals, and availability of train crews, among other critical aspects such as locomotive balance, fueling locations, and inspections. Although these train movement plans are made at the corridor level, which comprises several dispatch territories, when it comes to execution, the meet–pass decisions are made at the individual dispatch territories. This notion causes disruptions and misalignment at the boundaries of dispatch territories. The approach in this paper aims at finding a holistic conflict-free master plan by optimally matching train lineups at territory boundaries and smoothly routing trains through bottlenecks. We propose an efficient solution approach that iteratively constructs a master scheduling plan while minimizing the amount of train delay within a given planning horizon. This is accomplished by designing a time–space network model to identify feasible schedules and developing a mathematical programming–based heuristic to solve the underlying model. A thorough computational study shows the effectiveness of our heuristic approach, as we report reasonable average run times of 3.0 and 6.5 minutes to solve instances of moderate to large size problems, respectively. The results obtained from the algorithm using test snapshots from a Class I railroad company have been shown to assistant chief dispatchers and have received encouraging feedback for applicability.
Mission Planning for Emergency Rapid Mapping with Drones
Authors: Glock Katharina , Meyer Anne
Published: February 2020

We introduce a mission planning concept for routing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) through a set of sampling locations in the immediate aftermath of an incident such as a fire or chemical accident. Using interpolation methods that account for the spatial interdependencies inherent in the surveyed phenomenon, these samples allow predicting the distribution of hazardous substances across the affected area. We define the generalized correlated team orienteering problem (GCorTOP) for selecting informative samples considering spatial correlations between observed and unobserved locations, as well as priorities in the surveyed area. To quickly provide high-quality solutions in time-sensitive situations, we propose a two-phase multistart adaptive large neighborhood search (2MLS). We show the competitiveness of the solution approach using benchmark instances for the team orienteering problem and investigate the performance of the proposed models and solution approach in an extensive study based on newly introduced benchmark instances for the mission planning problem.
Doenças nos discursos sobre economia: um estudo baseado em frames e metáforas
Authors: Medeiros Ilana Souto , Duque Paulo Henrique
Published: February 2020

Pretendemos descrever, neste artigo, alguns mecanismos discursivos empregados no enquadramento (framing) da situação econômica desfavorével. Para isso, evidenciamos, a partir de excertos de textos, que a escolha lexical de termos como “crise”, “arrocho” e “recessão”, assim como mapeamentos metafóricos, restringem a forma de conceber a situação econômica. No que diz respeito às bases teóricas que subsidiam este trabalho, centramos nossas discussões em torno das noções de frame (DUQUE, 2015, 2017); de metáfora conceptual (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 1980 [2002]); e de metáfora situada e nicho metafórico (VEREZA, 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016). Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos, adotamos, como ferramenta analítica, o modelo de análise de frame (DUQUE, 2015), e utilizamos, como corpus, notícias, reportagens e entrevistas sobre economia em suas versões online. Buscamos demonstrar, ao final, que mecanismos como frames e metáforas apresentam, para além da natureza cognitiva, um teor potencialmente discursivo.
HERMANN PAUL: um precursor da Semântica Cognitiva na perspectiva da língua em uso
Authors: Schröder Ulrike
Published: February 2020

Já é vastamente conhecido que de muitos pressupostos no campo da Semântica Cognitiva existem antecipações filosóficas, antropológicas e linguísticas. Este artigo direciona seu olhar ao linguista universal Hermann Paul, cujo mérito no campo da Linguística Histórica é amplamente reconhecido, porém, sua abordagem radicalmente cognitivista e baseada na língua em uso foi e é pouco estudada até hoje. Para Hermann Paul, que participou do movimento dos neogramáticos, a metonímia representa um processo corporalmente ancorado e a metáfora, por sua vez, é vista como o caso primordial da mutação semântica. Um estudo profundo da sua obra principal, Princípios Fundamentais da História da Língua (PAUL, 1970 [1886]), revela que Paul já parte do pressuposto de que a metáfora não é uma exceção da criatividade poética, antecipando o conceito da corporificação, a ideia de mapeamento entre domínios cognitivos e das metáforas como modelos cognitivos para a explicação, compreensão e exploração do mundo cultural, assim como corroborando que a descrição da metáfora é parcial e subjetiva. Como veremos, esta obra de Paul, que representa um importante marco na história da linguística, torna-se um inigualável tesouro com inúmeros exemplos linguísticos ao ilustrar a riqueza figurativa e a vivacidade constante da nossa língua.
Governança territorial: o que avançou com o Estatuto da Metrópole?
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Rita , Santos Angela Moulin Simões Penalva , Cruz Carlos Eduardo de Souza , Souza Carlos Humberto Francisco de , Wencelau Ethiene Vanila de Souza , Erthal Thiago Serpa
Published: February 2020

O surgimento de novos arranjos territoriais   como é o caso das regiões metropolitanas  enseja o enfrentamento de determinados desafios que se colocam à consecução de uma gestão urbana sustentável e articulada. O advento do Estatuto da Metrópole, Lei nº 13.089/2015, tem sido identificado como um relevante avanço normativo a fim de induzir melhor a governança dos territórios não reconhecidos como entes federados. Nesta senda, o artigo se propõe a analisar os desdobramentos da entrada em vigor do Estatuto da Metrópole para a governança dos territórios metropolitanos. O presente trabalho é fruto do grupo de pesquisa institucional "Governança Territorial Urbana e Relações Interfederativas" realizado pelo Programa de Pós Graduação em Direito da UERJ no âmbito da linha de pesquisa Direito da Cidade. Os procedimentos de coleta e análise de dados se referem as capitais estaduais que são núcleos de regiões metropolitanas e demonstram entre outros fatores, a disseminação entre os especialistas sobre o tema governança territorial, e propõe um balanço acerca do avanço em direção às regras estabelecidas pelo Estatuto da Metrópole, com enfoque para a elaboração do Plano de Desenvolvimento Urbano Integrado e a agencia metropolitana de gestão territorial.
O direito do trabalho à luz das constituições brasileiras e as repercussões da emenda constitucional nº. 45/2004 na justiça do trabalho
Authors: Pereira Daniel Queiroz , Santos Lorena Miranda Pereira dos
Published: February 2020

O presente estudo está focado na análise de duas principais temáticas, quais sejam, o desenvolvimento do Direito do Trabalho brasileiro, no que diz respeito às garantias constitucionalmente asseguradas aos trabalhadores e a competência material da Justiça do Trabalho, focando-se nos reflexos trazidos com a promulgação da Emenda Constitucional nº. 45/2004 a essa Justiça Especializada. Assim sendo a primeira seção deste trabalho é constituída da análise histórica desde a primeira constituição brasileira, ainda como Império – Constituição de 1824 –, passando-se para a primeira constituição como uma República Federativa – Constituição de 1891 –, e avançando-se para as constituições seguintes de 1934, 1937, 1946, e 1967. Na segunda parte deste estudo é dada continuação ao exame, porém com enfoque na Carta Magna vigente, a Constituição de 1988. Por fim, na terceira e última sessão, será realizado um panorama geral da competência da Justiça Trabalhista, voltando-se a atenção para as mudanças e repercussões advindas com a Emenda Constitucional nº. 45/2004.
Pesquisa científica: qual o papel do professor de direito no estímulo ao perfil investigativo do discente?
Authors: Amorim Rosendo Freitas de , Damasceno Lívia Ximenes , Matos Liliane Gonçalves
Published: February 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o papel do professor do curso de Direito no incentivo à pesquisa científica. Na primeira seção, buscou-se entender o papel do professor nas Instituições de Ensino Superior na formação do profissional do Direito. Posteriormente, avaliou-se como a pesquisa pode contribuir no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Por fim, apontou-se o papel do professor como um incentivador a produção científica dentro do curso de Direito. Para tanto, traçou-se uma pesquisa de campo que verificou dados colhidos entre alunos de graduação e pós-graduação, tanto lato como stritco sensu, e apontou a importância do educador no desenvolvimento de trabalhos acadêmicos. Como resultado, obteve-se que o ensino jurídico deve não estar restrito às aulas expositivas e à pesquisa científica se mostrou uma ferramenta necessária para um ensino de maior qualidade. Ademais, o professor deve ser um papel motivador dos alunos na trajetória investigativa, visto ser ele o elo entre o discente e a pesquisa.
A polícia bioecnômica: o dispositivo policial no caso das unidades Paraná Seguro
Authors: Corrêa Murilo Duarte Costa , Souza Karoline Coelho de Andrade e
Published: February 2020

Este artigo discute a polícia como dispositivo de poder bioeconômico. Para tanto, propõe analisar o caso das Unidades Paraná Seguro em Curitiba, Paraná, entre os anos de 2012 e 2015, com base em fontes documentais, investigando os limites analíticos dos policing studies, cuja inspiração weberiana resulta em uma compreensão da polícia sob seu aspecto exclusivamente repressivo. Uma análise mais detalhada das UPS – programa paranaense de policiamento comunitário que instrumentalizava a implementação de políticas socioeconômicas – descerrou uma forma de exercício de poder não-repressiva, mas constitutiva, como lógica do dispositivo policial. No caso analisado, a atuação da polícia articulava-se com a reconfiguração social e metropolitana do trabalho em Curitiba, implicando novos funcionamentos de poder, característicos do modelo biocapitalista e das sociedades de controle. Os achados empírico-documentais, avaliados na chave teórica da biopolítica foucaultiana, e de alguns de seus desdobramentos posteriores, permitiram redefinir a polícia como um dispositivo de poder bioeconômico, voltado para a gestão e a produção social da vida nas metrópoles.
ENTRE CONSTRUÇÕES E REPRESENTAÇÕES DO TRÁFICO DE MULHERES PARA PROSTITUIÇÃO, DA VULNERABILIDADE E DO CONSENTIMENTO: UM ESTUDO CRÍTICO SOBRE A APLICAÇÃO DA NORMA INCRIMINADORA PELO SISTEMA DE JUSTIÇA CRIMINAL
Authors: Garbellini Filho Luiz Henrique , Corrêa Borges Paulo César
Published: February 2020

Este trabalho é oriundo de pesquisa financiada pela FAPESP e pelo CNPq e teve como escopo principal refletir sobre a resposta jurisdicional dada à aplicação da norma penal incriminadora do tráfico sexual, sobretudo nos casos judicializados em que a mulher consentiu com seu tráfico num contexto de suposta vulnerabilidade. Essa aplicação envolveu profundas discussões em torno do consentimento como meio de dissolver a tipicidade material desse crime, pois o conceito de vulnerabilidade é altamente impreciso. Após o estudo do panorama penal de repressão ao tráfico sexual e sua intersecção com o Sistema Penal, foi analisado o parâmetro de reconhecimento da vulnerabilidade, com o suporte das categorias analíticas do capitalismo e de gênero. Por fim, com os recursos epistemológico da Criminologia Crítica, da Criminologia Crítica Feminista e da Análise do Discurso, foram questionadas as ações e os discursos do Sistema de Justiça Criminal como aspectos de construções e representações de simbolismos na (des)proteção dos direitos sexuais das mulheres traficadas para exploração sexual que consentiram com o fenômeno. A análise qualitativa de acórdãos publicados pelos Tribunais Regionais Federais permitiu revelar que a resposta jurisdicional mais reforça os padrões de gêneros do que rompe com as agências de controle sexual sobre a mulher.
SUICÍDIO ASSISTIDO E EUTANÁSIA: UMA ANÁLISE HISTORICOEVOLUCIONISTA, SOB A ÓTICA DA DIGNIDADE HUMANA
Authors: Coutinho Nilton Carlos , Martinez Viviane De Oliveira
Published: February 2020

O direito à vida, enquanto direito fundamental, recebeu especial proteção por parte dos ordenamentos jurídicos ao longo dos anos vedando-se, inclusive, a prática do suicídio e da eutanásia. O presente artigo pretende trazer para reflexão alguns aspectos relacionados à influência das normas de conduta impostas pela religião em relação aos padrões morais aceitos pela coletividade, tendo como objetivo apresentar ao leitor elementos que possam defender a inconstitucionalidade (ou não) da repressão criminal ao suicídio assistido e à eutanásia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa historicodoutrinária, com base no método indutivo, tendo como foco principal a evolução do pensamento moderno sobre o tema, destacando os principais aspectos relacionados ao tema, com ênfase na autonomia da vontade e a proteção da dignidade da pessoa humana, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento da doutrina sobre o tema.
O AUTOEMPODERAMENTO DOS TRIBUNAIS SUPERIORES PARA CRIAR NORMAS ABSTRATAS NO SISTEMA DE PRECEDENTES VINCULANTES: NECESSÁRIA REFORMA DO CPC/2015 OU PROPENSÃO À INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE?
Authors: De Andrade Mariana Dionísio , Damasceno Dâmaris Lívia Pinheiro
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo responder ao seguinte problema: o autoempoderamento dos Tribunais para criar normas abstratas no sistema de precedentes vinculantes, é uma reforma necessária do Código de Processo Civil de 2015 ou possui propensão à inconstitucionalidade? Diante disso, busca-se entender a extensão da aplicação dos precedentes no sistema jurídico brasileiro, assim como o efeito vinculante das súmulas emitidas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Para tal, aplicou-se como método a análise qualitativa com suporte nos dados disponibilizados pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça entre 2013 e 2018 a fim de melhor compreender as alterações causadas pelo reconhecimento normativo dos precedentes. Por fim, concluiu-se pelo bom dinamismo incorporado pelos precedentes, entretanto, observou-se a inconstitucionalidade das súmulas que possuem efeitos vinculantes, de modo que, a criação destas como normas abstratas que são fontes do direito constituem inconstitucionalidade. Atesta-se ainda que os riscos são mitigados devido ao pouco uso por parte do STF e pela força da tradição romano-germânica.
Supremo Tribunal Federal como ator com poder de veto: uma análise a partir da obra de George Tsebelis
Authors: Santos Samuel Martins , De Oliveira Claudio Ladeira
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo tem como tema metodologias para análise dos tribunais constitucionais no campo do Direito Constitucional, em leitura interdisciplinar com a Ciência Política. Destacadamente, estudos sobre o funcionamento e a atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal no Brasil, considerando o desenho da Constituição Federal de 1988. O problema trata da possibilidade de identificação do Supremo Tribunal Federal como um ator com poder de veto, tendo como referencial teórico metodológico a obra de George Tsebelis. A hipótese considera possível tal opção metodológica, e objetiva identificar seu potencial de análise para a compreensão das relações entre os poderes da república no Estado brasileiro contemporâneo. O método utilizado é bibliográfico, com análises institucionais, do que resulta a conclusão da ampla possiblidade de aplicação de tal marco teórico, como também a necessidade de algumas precauções para o aprimoramento do seu potencial analítico em relação ao Poder Judiciário
Sensory processing and organisational abilities in children with inattentive-hyperactive behaviours
Authors: Iyer Pavithra R , Chavan Shashidhar Rao , Rege Sumita
Published: February 2020

Background/Aims

Sensory processing has been theorised to contribute to object and temporal organisation. Sensory processing and organisational abilities in children with inattention-hyperactivity was assessed, and investigated if there was a relationship between the two.

Methods

A community sample of children aged 9–12 years was categorised into inattentive-hyperactive (n=20) and non-inattentive-hyperactive groups (n=56) using the Vanderbilt Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Parent and Teacher Rating Scales. The Sensory Profile, Child Organisation Scale and Child Organisation Parent Perception Scale were used to collect additional data.

Results

Sensory processing and organisational abilities differed significantly between the groups. Object organisation correlated significantly with multisensory processing; temporal organisation failed to correlate with sensory processing.

Conclusions

Results suggest there is a need to screen children with informant-reported inattention-hyperactivity for sensory processing differences and organisational deficits. Sensory processing and object organisation may be associated; further research on potential factors underlying this association is needed.
Three new species of Dinica Gozmány, 1965 (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) from China

Authors: LI HOUHUN , XING MENGRAN , YANG LINLIN
Published: February 2020

Three species of the genus Dinica Gozmány, 1965 from China are described as new: D. claviformis Li, sp. nov., D. apicipuncta Li, sp. nov. and D. bulbella Li, sp. nov. Photographs of adults and genitalia are given, along with a key to all the known species of Dinica in China. Key words: Tineoidea, Myrmecozelinae, taxonomy, new taxa
Reflections on Geostatistics and Stochastic Modeling
Authors: Myers D. E.
Published: February 2020

In recent years, geostatistics and stochastic modeling have made a tremendous impact on scientific investigation. This chapter describes the relationship between these two ideas, provides a historical perspective on their development, and discusses the ways in which they have evolved, both separately and in concert with each other. Important issues impacting future development are also addressed.
Modeling the Semivariogram
Authors: Gribov A. , Krivoruchko K. , Hoef J. M. Ver
Published: February 2020

This chapter proposes some new methods for computing empirical semivariograms and covariances and for fitting semivariogram and covariance models to empirical data. Grid-based empirical semivariograms and covariances are described, in which the grid values are smoothed using triangular kernels. A model-fitting procedure using modified iterative weighted least squares is presented. This algorithm is shown to be reliable for a wide range of data types and conditions, and its implementation in commercial software is discussed. Comparisons to restricted maximum likelihood estimation are also discussed.
An Efficient Approach for Quantifying the Uncertainty in
Groundwater-model Predictions
Authors: Kelley V. A. , Mishra S.
Published: February 2020

Distributed-parameter models are increasingly being used to incorporate hydrogeologic uncertainty in predictive analyses of groundwater flow and contaminant transport. Geostatistical techniques have proven to be useful for generating multiple equiprobable realizations of subsurface parameters that are consistent with the available data. However, computational constraints commonly preclude detailed transport calculations with all realizations in a Monte Carlo simulation framework for quantifying the uncertainty in model predictions. As a result, several studies have been performed investigating techniques to rank realizations of a stochastic reservoir or groundwater aquifer model. These techniques share the common goal of trying to develop a surrogate measure that will preserve the quantiles of the desired performance measure. This chapter proposes a technique to both rank and weight realizations through the use of a surrogate traveltime measure and to then accurately reproduce the performance-measure statistics with only a few forward simulations. The methodology is demonstrated using a field example from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant site in New Mexico that is well documented in the groundwater literature.
Fractured Continuum Approach to Stochastic Permeability
Modeling
Authors: McKenna S. A. , Reeves P. C.
Published: February 2020

A new kind of fracture-permeability model called the fractured continuum model (FCM) is presented that incorporates the advantages of discrete fracture network models and the processing speed of effective continuum representations of fracture permeability. Observations of fracture orientation, length, frequency, and transmissivity from boreholes and outcrops are used as input to the FCM approach. Geostatistical realizations of fracture connectivity, represented by the coordination number of a local percolation network, and fracture frequency are combined with object-based simulations of high- and low-permeability classes in the model domain. At each location, these three spatially variable properties are combined into an effective grid-block permeability using an approximation based on the effective medium theory. The resulting realizations of fracture permeability, containing greater than 106 elements, are used as input to a single-phase flow model. A parallel computer platform coupled with a unique groundwater flow code is used to efficiently solve steady-state pressure fields on multiple realizations. The ability to solve many realizations in a short amount of time allows for the evaluation of the effects of two different conceptual models of fracture permeability on particle traveltimes.
Full Integration of Seismic Data into Geostatistical Reservoir
Modeling
Authors: van Riel P. , Mesdag P. , Debeye H. , Sams M.
Published: February 2020

Seismic reflection amplitude data are increasingly used in reservoir modeling to provide information on changes in earth properties away from well locations. In geostatistical reservoir modeling, the most common application is to use seismic data as background data in some form of comodeling. Seismic data image reflectors and not earth layer properties. Therefore, prior to use in comodeling, seismic data must first be transformed into an earth layer property. Typically, the transform is to acoustic impedance using an appropriate seismic inversion method.

Seismic inversion methods generate results that are generally band limited in nature, resulting in limits to vertical resolution. The vertical resolution achieved can be an order of magnitude below the vertical model resolution required from geostatistical reservoir modeling, which is in the order of well-log resolution. Hence, in using seismic data, geostatistical modelers encounter a problem of downscaling, not the more commonly encountered upscaling problem. This difference in scale introduces scatter between the primary data with well-log order resolution and the secondary seismically derived rock property data used in the comodeling. As a result, to preserve vertical heterogeneity, only limited use of the secondary data can be made in comodeling procedures. This results in models that only partially fit the seismic data, i.e., only limited use is made of the seismic information. If the secondary data are more strongly imposed, the fit to the seismic data improves, but the required vertical heterogeneity is not preserved. The inability to overcome this difference in scale issue, therefore, limits the value of the application of comodeling methods to integrate seismic data into reservoir models.

One class of geostatistical methods that overcomes this limitation relies on iterative geostatistical modeling. In these methods, referred to as geostatistical seismic inversion, the iterative modeling process is conditioned such that the final models generated closely match the seismic data while maintaining the required vertical heterogeneity. The application of these methods is computationally expensive relative to comodeling methods but is now practical for large models on today's desktop hardware. Relative to comodeling, geostatistical seismic inversion methods make full use of the information carried in the seismic data, resulting in a significant reduction in model uncertainty away from well control.
Three-dimensional Seismic Inversion and Geostatistical Reservoir
Modeling of the Rotliegend Gas Field
Authors: Shrestha R. K. , Faruqi S. , Boeckmann M. , Wang M.-K.
Published: February 2020

This chapter describes a study of the Rotliegend gas field in Germany in which impedance-constrained facies and property models were constructed to reevaluate the field and guide future development.

Three-dimensional (3-D) stochastic seismic inversion produces a highresolution acoustic impedance volume by integrating well data with fine vertical sampling and seismic data with dense areal sampling. This acoustic impedance volume can be used as soft data in geostatistical reservoir property modeling. The dense areal sampling in the 3-D seismic grid provides valuable information in interwell areas. Impedance data are particularly useful where well data are sparse.
Brazos A-105 D-Sand Reservoir Modeling by Integration of Seismic
Elastic Inversion Results with Geostatistical Techniques
Authors: Xu W. , Dooley P. , Wrolstad K. , Domingue K. , Kramer D. , Vo D. T.
Published: February 2020

An integrated reservoir modeling study of the Bigenerina humblei (Big Hum) Miocene D-sand at Brazos A-105 field, offshore Texas, was conducted to predict the lateral extent of the reservoir, to build a porosity model for use in flow simulation and reserve evaluation, and to assess the uncertainty of the reserve estimation. Several geostatistical techniques for integrating well-log porosity with quantitative average porosity derived from a forward elastic model-based inversion method for three-dimensional seismic data were applied in this reservoir modeling study. Elastic modeling was necessary to predict the correct porosity-amplitude relationship for this reservoir because it is a class 2 type amplitude-vs.-offset reflection. The results of the study showed that if a reservoir is seismically resolved and properly imaged, elastic model-based inversion of the type employed can be used in conjunction with geostatistical methods to obtain a more complete reservoir description. These techniques were determined to have direct application to reservoir-flow modeling and hydrocarbon reserve volume estimation.
Process-based Knowledge Management
Authors: Herweijer J. C. , Yarus J. M. , Suana M. J. V.
Published: February 2020

This chapter presents an overview of current knowledge management practices in upstream oil and gas exploration and production, specifically for multidisciplinary project teams working with spatial modeling techniques. A process-based knowledge management methodology is defined that allows for continuous work on complex multiscenario models in a consistent, flexible, and shared manner under conditions where data are less than optimal, modeling techniques are poorly understood, and staffing assignments change before project completion.
Deep-Water Sandstones, Brushy Canyon Formation, West Texas
Authors: Beaubouef R. T. , Rossen C. R. , Zelt F. B. , Sullivan M. D. , Mohrig D. C. , Jennette D. C. , Bellian J. A. , Friedman S. J. , Lovell R. W. , Shannon D. S.
Published: February 2020

Exceptional oblique-dip exposures of submarine fan complexes of the Brushy Canyon Fm. allow reconstruction of channel geometries and reservoir architecture from the slope to the basin floor. The Brushy Canyon conslsts of 1,500 ft. of basinally restricted sandstones and siltstones that onlap older carbonate slope deposits at the NW margin of the Delaware Basin. This succession represents a lowstand qequence set comprised of lugher frequency sequences that were deposited in the basin during subaerial exposure and bypass of the adjacent carbonate shelf. Progradational sequence stacking patterns reflect changing position and character of the slope as it evolved from a relict, carbonate margin, to a constructional, siltstone-dominated slope. Lowstand fan systems tracts consist of sharp-based, laterally extensive, sand-prone basin floor deposits and large, sand-filled channels encased in siltstones on the slope. The abandonment phase of each sequence (lowstand wedge-transgressive systems tract) consists of basinward-thinning siltstones that drape the basin floor fans. The slope-tobasin distnbution of lithofacies is attributed to a three stage cycle of: 1) erosion, mass wasting, and sand bypass on the slope with concurrent deposition from sand-rich flows on the basin floor, 2) progressive backfilling of feeder channels with variable fill during waning stages of deposition, and 3) cessation of sand delivery to the basin and deposition of laterally-extensive siltstone wedges. Paleocurrents and channel distributions indicate SE-E sediment transport from the NW basin margin via closely spaced point sources.
The New Hebrides Trench, Lines 1 and 12
Authors: Fisher Michael A. , Greene H. Gary
Published: February 2020

The New Hebrides island arc strikes northward through the southwestern Pacific Ocean and parallels the trench where the Australia-India plate on the west is subducted beneath the North Fiji basin on the east. Convergence between the oceanic plate and the arc occurs in an easterly direction (N75−E) as determined from earthquake focal mechanisms (Pascal et al., 1978; Isacks et al., 1981). However, the rate of convergence is poorly constrained because of plate motion beneath the North Fiji basin. Chase (1971) estimates an 8 cm/yr convergence rate at the New Hebrides trench, whereas Taylor et al. (1985) propose a convergence rate between 11 and 20 cm/yr.

The d'Entrecasteaux Zone (DEZ) is a large submarine mountain system that extends north and east from New Caledonia to where it collides with the New Hebrides arc. Near the arc the DEZ consists of two subparallel ridges that trend east-west and show considerable topographic relief. Collision of the DEZ with the arc has apparently caused abrupt transitions from a single axial line of volcanic islands south and north of the intersection to triple chains of islands at the intersection. The Aoba basin formed within the arc's summit and lies beneath 2000 to 3000 m of water. Although summit basins are present outside of the collision zone, the Aoba basin has greater bathymetric expressions than any other summit basin. The main objective of this discussion is to describe two seismic lines—-one obtained within and one obtained outside of this collision zone—-to illustrate the contrast in structure
Family and Practitioner Perspectives on Prenatal Early Intervention
Authors: Keilty Bonnie , Smith JaneDiane
Published: February 2020

Increasingly, families know prenatally of certain diagnoses with a high probability of developmental delays. These diagnoses could result in eligibility for Part C early intervention (EI) postnatally. Although prenatal developmental interventions (e.g., Early Head Start, Nurse Family Partnership) are common for families with environmental risks, no research has explored the potential of prenatal EI for those families with EI eligible diagnoses. This online survey research explored family and practitioner perspectives of potential prenatal EI and project-identified prenatal outcomes (i.e., health and well-being, parent-child interactions, parenting to family culture, and navigating systems and supports). Overall, both samples reported the prenatal outcomes were clear and important prenatally. Families preferred EI practitioners help with all outcomes. Practitioners preferred to take the lead on some outcomes (e.g., knowledge of and comfort with EI services, intention of EI), whereas the medical community took the lead on others. Findings support the need for further research on the potential of prenatal EI and resulted in implications for current postnatal EI.
Designing an ultracompact all-optical 4-to-2 encoder and investigating its optical power consumption
Authors: Mohebzadeh-Bahabady Ahmad , Olyaee Saeed
Published: February 2020

In this paper, an ultracompact all-optical encoder based on a photonic crystal nanoresonator was designed. The proposed structure consists of several waveguides and two nanoresonators. The nanoresonators were designed by reducing the radius of the dielectric rods. To analyze the all-optical encoder, plane-wave expansion and finite-difference time-domain methods were, respectively, applied to calculate the bandgap diagram and to obtain the transmission and propagation of optical field. The contrast ratio, delay time, data transfer speed, and total footprint of the logic gate equaled 9.51 dB, 0.24 ps, 4.16 Tb/s, and

148

µ

m

2

, respectively. In addition to these parameters, two new parameters were investigated: the range of optical power required, and the frequency range for better logic gate efficiency. Due to the ultracompacted size, low power consumption, low delay time, and simplicity of structure, this all-optical encoder is suitable for use in low-power optical integrated circuits.
Terahertz digital holographic imaging
Authors: Heimbeck Martin S. , Everitt Henry O.
Published: February 2020

This tutorial describes the application of digital holography to the terahertz spectral region and demonstrates how to reconstruct images of complex dielectric targets. Using highly coherent terahertz sources, high-fidelity amplitude and phase reconstructions are achieved, but because the millimeter-scale wavelengths approach the decimeter-sized targets and optical components, undesirable aperture diffraction degrades the quality of the reconstructions. Consequently, off-axis terahertz digital holography differs significantly from its visible light counterpart. This tutorial addresses these challenges within the angular spectrum method and the Fresnel approximation for digital hologram reconstruction, from which the longitudinal and transverse resolution limits may be specified. We observed longitudinal resolution (

λ
/
284

) almost two times better than has been achieved with visible light digital holographic microscopy and demonstrate that submicrometer longitudinal resolution is possible using millimeter wavelengths for an imager limited ultimately by the phase stability of the terahertz source and/or receiver. Minimizing the number of optical components, using only large reflective optics, maximizing the angle of the off-axis reference beam, and judicious selection of spatial frequency filters all contribute to improve the quality of the reconstructed image. As in visible wavelength analog holography, the observed transverse resolution in terahertz digital holography is comparable to the wavelength but improves for features near the edge of the imaged object compared with features near the center, a behavior characterized by a modified description of the holographic transfer function introduced here. Holograms were recorded by raster scanning a sensitive superheterodyne receiver, and several visibly transparent and opaque dielectric structures were quantitatively examined to demonstrate the compelling application of terahertz digital holography for nondestructive test, evaluation, and analysis.
Optical diffraction tomography with finite object support for the minimization of missing cone artifacts
Authors: Krauze Wojciech
Published: February 2020

Limited-angle optical diffraction tomography suffers from strong artifacts in tomographic reconstructions. Numerous algorithms, mainly based on regularization methods, have been developed recently to overcome this limitation. However, the quality of results still needs further improvement. Here I present a simple yet extremely effective method of increasing the reconstruction quality in limited angle optical diffraction tomography that can be combined with known tomographic algorithms. In the method a finite object support is generated from the object data and utilized in the reconstruction procedure as an additional strong regularizer. Practical aspects of this method are given together with examples of application.
Light field reconstruction from scattered light using plenoptic data
Authors: Sasaki Takahiro , Leger James R.
Published: February 2020

We investigate the utility of plenoptic data for extracting information
from a scene where the light from objects in the scene is viewable
only after scattering from a surface such as a wall. We derive the
rigorous relationship between the object and the scattered light,
which is cast in terms of a system of Fredholm integral equations of
the first kind with the bidirectional reflectance distribution
function (BRDF) of the scattering surface; further, the object
information is reconstructed by solving the equations. Based on the
Fourier transformation, we propose a simple BRDF model and analyze the
reconstruction errors by introducing newly defined parameters
reflecting the BRDF’s characteristics, i.e., the degree of specularity
and the effective SNR, and obtain optimal regularized solutions under
a variety of surface BRDFs. Moreover, we provide a fundamental limit
of retrievable information content from the scattered light. A
comparison with experimental results is reported.
On-chip fluorescence microscopy with a random microlens diffuser
Authors: Kuo Grace , Linda Liu Fanglin , Grossrubatscher Irene , Ng Ren , Waller Laura
Published: February 2020

We present an on-chip, widefield fluorescence microscope, which consists of a diffuser placed a few millimeters away from a traditional image sensor. The diffuser replaces the optics of a microscope, resulting in a compact and easy-to-assemble system with a practical working distance of over 1.5 mm. Furthermore, the diffuser encodes volumetric information, enabling refocusability in post-processing and three-dimensional (3D) imaging of sparse samples from a single acquisition. Reconstruction of images from the raw data requires a precise model of the system, so we introduce a practical calibration scheme and a physics-based forward model to efficiently account for the spatially-varying point spread function (PSF). To improve performance in low-light, we propose a random microlens diffuser, which consists of many small lenslets randomly placed on the mask surface and yields PSFs that are robust to noise. We build an experimental prototype and demonstrate our system on both planar and 3D samples.
Ultra-low intensity noise, all fiber 365 W linearly polarized single frequency laser at 1064 nm
Authors: Dixneuf Clément , Guiraud Germain , Bardin Yves-Vincent , Rosa Quentin , Goeppner Mathieu , Hilico Adèle , Pierre Christophe , Boullet Johan , Traynor Nicholas , Santarelli Giorgio
Published: February 2020

We demonstrate a robust linearly polarized 365 W, very low amplitude noise, single frequency master oscillator power amplifier at 1064 nm. Power scaling was done through a custom large mode area fiber with a mode field diameter of 30 µm. No evidence of stimulated Brillouin scattering or modal instabilities are observed. The relative intensity noise is reduced down to −160 dBc/Hz between 2 kHz and 10 kHz via a wide band servo loop (1 MHz bandwidth). We achieve 350 W of isolated power, with a power stability < 0.7% RMS over 1100 hours of continuous operation and a near diffraction limited beam (M2 < 1.1).
Huge field enhancement and high transmittance enabled by terahertz bow-tie aperture arrays: a simulation study
Authors: Zhu Xupeng , Zhang Shi , Shi Huimin , Zheng Mengjie , Wang Yasi , Xue Shuwen , Quan Jun , Zhang Jun , Duan Huigao
Published: February 2020

Sub-wavelength aperture arrays featuring small gaps have an extraordinary significance in enhancing the interactions of terahertz (THz) waves with matters. But it is difficult to obtain large light-substance interaction enhancement and high optical response signal detection capabilities at the same time. Here, we propose a simple terahertz bow-tie aperture arrays structure with a large electric field enhancement factor and high transmittance at the same time. The field enhancement factor can reach a high value of 1.9×104 and the transmission coefficient of around 0.8 (the corresponding normalized-to-area transmittance is about 14.3) at 0.04 µm feature gap simultaneously. The systematic simulation results show that the designed structure can enhance the intensity of electromagnetic hotspot by continuously reducing the feature gap size without affecting the intensity of the transmittance. We also visually displayed the significant advantages of extremely strong electromagnetic hot spots in local terahertz refractive index detection, which provides a potential platform and simple strategy for enhanced THz spectral detection.