bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Solidity to Liquidity: Macro-Level Consumption Patterns in the Sharing Economy
Authors: Saravade Swapnil , Felix Reto , Fırat A. Fuat
Published: September 2020

Macro-level consumption patterns in ownership-based modernity have been identified as being predominantly passive, individualistic, private, and alienated. However, access-based consumption, the new imperative of what has been termed the sharing economy, is fundamentally changing traditional business models and affords consumers a more flexible and fluid lifestyle without the burden of ownership. The current essay updates Fırat and Dholakia’s framework of consumption patterns with the new conditions of the sharing economy and critically reflects on the implications of market-mediated access for the four dimensions of the framework. The authors conclude that the sharing economy implies a shift from solid to liquid consumption, but this transition is sideward rather than upward because consumption alternatives in the sharing economy remain within the boundaries of market-mediated exchange and thus fail to generate substantive higher-level consumption alternatives between modes of consumption (e.g., the choice between using a car or public transport).
Image Valence Modulates the Processing of Low-Resolution Affective Natural Scenes
Authors: Stevenson Natasha , Guo Kun
Published: September 2020

In natural vision, noisy and distorted visual inputs often change our perceptual strategy in scene perception. However, it is unclear the extent to which the affective meaning embedded in the degraded natural scenes modulates our scene understanding and associated eye movements. In this eye-tracking experiment by presenting natural scene images with different categories and levels of emotional valence (high-positive, medium-positive, neutral/low-positive, medium-negative, and high-negative), we systematically investigated human participants’ perceptual sensitivity (image valence categorization and arousal rating) and image-viewing gaze behaviour to the changes of image resolution. Our analysis revealed that reducing image resolution led to decreased valence recognition and arousal rating, decreased number of fixations in image-viewing but increased individual fixation duration, and stronger central fixation bias. Furthermore, these distortion effects were modulated by the scene valence with less deterioration impact on the valence categorization of negatively valenced scenes and on the gaze behaviour in viewing of high emotionally charged (high-positive and high-negative) scenes. It seems that our visual system shows a valence-modulated susceptibility to the image distortions in scene perception.
A Translational Porcine Model for Human Cell–Based Therapies in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Kremen Thomas J. , Stefanovic Tina , Tawackoli Wafa , Salehi Khosrowdad , Avalos Pablo , Reichel Derek , Perez J. Manuel , Glaeser Juliane D. , Sheyn Dmitriy
Published: September 2020

Background:

There is a high incidence of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, and these injuries represent an enormous health care economic burden. In an effort to address this unmet clinical need, there has been increasing interest in cell-based therapies.

Purpose:

To establish a translational large animal model of PTOA and demonstrate the feasibility of intra-articular human cell–based interventions.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Nine Yucatan mini-pigs underwent unilateral ACL transection and were monitored for up to 12 weeks after injury. Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) levels and collagen breakdown were evaluated longitudinally using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of synovial fluid, serum, and urine. Animals were euthanized at 4 weeks (n = 3) or 12 weeks (n = 3) after injury, and injured and uninjured limbs underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histologic analysis. At 2 days after ACL injury, an additional 3 animals received an intra-articular injection of 107 human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) combined with a fibrin carrier. These cells were labeled with the luciferase reporter gene (hBM-MSCs-Luc) as well as fluorescent markers and intracellular iron nanoparticles. These animals were euthanized on day 0 (n = 1) or day 14 (n = 2) after injection. hBM-MSC-Luc viability and localization were assessed using ex vivo bioluminescence imaging, fluorescence imaging, and MRI.

Results:

PTOA was detected as early as 4 weeks after injury. At 12 weeks after injury, osteoarthritis could be detected grossly as well as on histologic analysis. Synovial fluid analysis showed elevation of IL-1β shortly after ACL injury, with subsequent resolution by 2 weeks after injury. Collagen type II protein fragments were elevated in the synovial fluid and serum after injury. hBM-MSCs-Luc were detected immediately after injection and at 2 weeks after injection using fluorescence imaging, MRI, and bioluminescence imaging.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates the feasibility of reproducing the chondral changes, intra-articular cytokine alterations, and body fluid biomarker findings consistent with PTOA after ACL injury in a large animal model. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the ability of hBM-MSCs to survive and express transgene within the knee joint of porcine hosts without immunosuppression for at least 2 weeks.

Clinical Relevance:

This model holds great potential to significantly contribute to investigations focused on the development of cell-based therapies for human ACL injury–associated PTOA in the future (see Appendix Figure A1 , available online).
Workplace Mentorship: A Critical Review
Authors: Ivey Gary W. , Dupré Kathryne E.
Published: September 2020

Mentoring is a popular workplace practice, bolstered by a substantial body of literature that has underscored its positive outcomes for protégés and organizations. Less pronounced are the potential risks and costs associated with workplace mentorship. In this article, we consolidate what is known about workplace mentorship and draw on organizational justice research, self-determination theory, and findings related to indirect exposure to expand on the potentially darker side of workplace mentorship. Our comprehensive review suggests that workplace mentorship appears to have positive consequences in particular circumstances for particular groups of employees, but the conclusiveness of its positive effects is limited by significant gaps in the research. To assist in determining if the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks and costs, we offer a list of considerations for individual employees who are considering engaging in a mentoring relationship and for those implementing workplace mentoring programs.
Etomidate Induced Seizure: Adverse Drug Event Case Report
Authors: Rainess Rebecca Ann , Patel Vishal , Stander Eric
Published: September 2020

Objective/purpose:

To report a case of etomidate induced seizure in a patient that received 0.15 mg/kg of etomidate for a procedural sedation which resolved without intervention.

A 68-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a dislocated shoulder. Etomidate was given to the patient for procedural sedation to allow the physician to reduce the shoulder dislocation. Upon administration of the medication, the patient began seizing; this lasted for about 2 minutes. No medications were needed for cessation of the seizure.

Conclusion:

A causality assessment determined that the adverse effect of the epileptogenic action in etomidate was possible. Limited data is available in regard to the incidence rate of this adverse effect.
Study of joining performance of dissimilar Mg alloys in friction stir welding
Authors: Kumar Singh Umesh , Kumar Dubey Avanish
Published: September 2020

AZ91 and AZ31 Mg alloys are used for lightweight structures with excellent specific strength. Fusion welding of Mg alloys is not suitable due to its high affinity towards oxygen. The present research investigates joining performance of AZ91 and AZ31 using indigenously developed friction stir welding set-up at different welding and rotational speed. The results show that highest value of microhardness within the welded zone was 95.92 Hv on the advancing (AZ91) side. The maximum tensile strength of the welded sample was 85.09% of AZ31. In all the cases, samples broke from the advancing side near the weld centre line.
Compressible flow characteristics in bent duct with constant flow section
Authors: Sun Xiao-lin , Ma Shan , Wang Zhan-xue , Shi Jing-wei , Zhou Li
Published: September 2020

The components with large curvature features are widely applied in aero-engines. Complex flow features are induced due to large curvature under high-subsonic even transonic incoming flow condition. In this study, the formation mechanisms of local acceleration in bent duct are investigated. To this end, the cold fluid test of a 60° bent duct with constant flow section was conducted. The surface static pressures and the schlieren flow visualizations were obtained. Then the three-dimensional numerical simulations based on the experimental model were computed using computational fluid dynamics software. The simulations were conducted using five different turbulence models to compare with the experimental data. The validation study shows that the shear stress transfer (SST) κ-ω turbulence model is suitably used for the simulations. Results show that three different flow situations were shown for the bent duct at diverse nozzle pressure ratios (NPRs). One situation was shown by the case at NPR = 1.5, in which the whole flow field is subsonic, and just two jet edges are shown by the schlieren images. One situation was shown by the case at NPR = 1.8, in which a local supersonic region is induced near the lower wall at the hind side of the bent section, and a small shock wave is observed. The other one situation was shown by the cases at NPR = 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0, in which the air flow in the whole passage reaches supersonic speeds and an oblique shock wave is shown for each case.
Analysis of inlet flow passage conditions and their influence on the performance of an axial-flow pump
Authors: Zhang Wenpeng , Shi Lijian , Tang Fangping , Duan Xiaohui , Liu Haiyu , Sun Zhuangzhuang
Published: September 2020

The inlet flow conditions will directly affect impeller performance, which is of great concern to pump designers. In this study, based on two axial-flow pump devices, the influence of the evaluation criteria of inlet flow conditions and numerical grid scales on the accuracy of the simulation are investigated, the correctness of the numerical simulation are verified by experiments. The axial velocity distribution uniformity, axial velocity weighted average angle and hydraulic loss are calculated with three grid scales commonly used in engineering. The applicability of three turbulence models in engineering is verified. The influence of the uniformity of the axial velocity distribution on the impeller is quantitatively explored by installing a group of vortex generators. The results show that the simulation errors of the common formula of the axial velocity distribution uniformity for the elbow inlet passage and front-shaft tubular inlet passage are 16.3% and 14.6%, respectively; the modified formula limited the computational error to 0.2%, which reduced the axial velocity distribution uniformity dependence on the grid. The quantitative relationship between inlet flow conditions and pump performance was established, as the impeller efficiency decreased linearly with decreasing axial velocity distribution uniformity.
Juvenile lupus and serum vitamin D levels: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tabra Samar abd Alhamed , Abdelnabi Hend Hassan , Darwish Nivine Fathi Mahmoud , El-Barbary Amal Mohammed , AbdelGhafar Muhammad Tarek , Abu-Zaid Mohammed Hassan
Published: September 2020

Background

Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) is usually associated with vitamin D deficiency and low bone mineral density.

Objectives

To evaluate serum levels of 25-OH vitamin D in JSLE patients and to correlate these findings with disease activity and bone density.

Methods

This study was conducted on 100 patients with JSLE and 100 healthy children as controls. Disease duration and SLEDAI for disease activity were evaluated. CBC, anti-dsDNA, C3,C4,24hr urinary proteins, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate(e-GFR),Ca,P,PTH, 25 (OH) D levels, and bone mineral density(BMD)Z score were measured.

Results

There were significant differences in mean 25(OH)D concentration between patients group (19.37 ± 9.72 ng/ml) and controls 35.90 ± 9.66 ng/ml(p < 0.05), with significant difference between active and inactive patients (p < 0.05).There were significant negative correlations between serum 25(OH)D and SLEDAI (r-0.545, p 0.001), steroid dose (r-0.561, p 0.001), anti-dsDNA (r-0.685, p 0.006), 24 hr-proteinuria (r-0.738, p 0.001) and PTH (r-0.335, p 0.001), significant positive correlations between 25(OH)D and C3 (r0.617, p 0.001),C4 (r0.544, p 0.001) serum Ca (r0.424, p 0.001) and Z score (r0.561, p 0.001),with non-significant correlations between 25(OH)D and serum P and both disease & steroid duration, (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Vitamin D deficiency is common in JSLE, it’s correlated significantly with disease activity and bone mineral density.
Conidiobolomycosis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis in sheep and goats: a review
Authors: Carmo Priscila Maria Silva do , Uzal Francisco A. , Pedroso Pedro M. O. , Riet-Correa Franklin
Published: September 2020

We review herein infections by Conidiobolus spp., Cryptococcus spp., and Aspergillus spp. in sheep and goats. Conidiobolus spp. are common causes of rhinitis in sheep and are less frequent in goats, in which Conidiobolus spp. also cause skin lesions. Cryptococcus spp. cause rhinitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and pneumonia in goats, and are rarely observed in sheep. Aspergillus spp. may cause rhinitis in goats, and pneumonia and mastitis in sheep and goats. Gross and microscopic lesions caused by these 3 fungal infections may be similar to each other. The diagnosis of these diseases must be based on gross and microscopic lesions, coupled with detection of the agent by immunohistochemical, molecular, and/or culture-based methods.
Factors Associated With Discussions Regarding Place of Death Preferences Among Older Japanese: A JAGES Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Moriki Yuki , Haseda Maho , Kondo Naoki , Ojima Toshiyuki , Kondo Katsunori , Fukui Sakiko
Published: September 2020

In Japan, many adults prefer to die at home; however, few have their preferences actually come true. While discussions regarding place of death preferences (DPDPs) are important for older adults, they are poorly documented. Therefore, we investigated the factors associated with older Japanese men and women having DPDPs. We used cross-sectional survey data collected for the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES). We applied multivariable logistic regression analysis to calculate the odds ratio (ORs) of having DPDPs separately between men (n = 2,770) and women (n = 3,038) aged ≥ 75 years. We considered 17 potential factors associated with having DPDPs, which were classified as either demographic, healthcare, family, or community factors. Among participants, 50.1% had DPDPs: 1,288 men (44.3%) and 1,619 women (55.7%). Older adults, DPDPs were associated with 5 additional factors; e.g. having a primary care physician (ORs = 1.47 [men] and 1.45 [women]), as were those who gave family and friends advice (ORs = 1.26 [men] and 1.62 [women]), and having people who listened to their concerns (ORs = 1.70 [men] and 1.81 [women]). Among men, DPDPs were associated with 3 additional factors; e.g. humorous conversations with their spouse (OR = 1.60). Among women, only one factor—reading newspapers (OR = 1.43) was associated with having DPDPs. Social networks with primary care physicians, family members, and friends may be important factors in promoting DPDPs. These gender-based differences in older adults relating to DPDPs should be considered when developing interventions to promote advance care planning that includes DPDPs.
Persistent Intracranial Hypertension in a Cranial Vault Remodeling Patient With Open Skull Fractures From Horse Kick
Authors: Braza Matthew E. , Girotto John A.
Published: September 2020

A 4-year-old female with prior cranial vault remodeling for nonsyndromic bilateral coronal craniosynostosis sustained a severe traumatic brain injury with open skull fractures from a horse kick. Her post-traumatic course was complicated by persistently elevated intracranial pressure despite neurosurgical decompressions, maximum medical therapy, and trial of multiple pressure monitoring devices. She eventually had improvement in her intracranial pressures and made a full neurologic recovery. This case highlights the potential severity of horse kick injuries, the possible etiology of persistent intracranial hypertension in cranial vault remodeling patients following traumatic brain injury, the importance of a multi-team approach in the initial evaluation and postoperative follow-up of all craniosynostosis patients, and the necessity of helmet utilization.
Research on damage evolution of deep formation rock based on acoustic emission test
Authors: Tian Yong , Yu Rangang , Zhang Yin , Zhao Xinbo
Published: September 2020

The study of rock damage evolution is of great significance in the field of underground engineering. In this paper, the damage development of deep formation rock was quantitatively evaluated by acoustic emission (AE) test. The Young’s modulus of the test rock specimens under ideal intact state was obtained by assuming a linear relationship between the AE rate parameter and the damage variation based on the rate process theory. Through the multi-stage cyclic loading test, the damage parameters corresponding to the peak stress of the previous stage were calculated by using the tangent modulus at the initial moment. The results showed that there was abrupt transition stage of damage development with the linear increase of stress. The damage parameter curves of rock specimens during loading process were obtained by using the method of cumulative AE energy, and the development trend of the curves was analyzed simply by combining the concepts of crack initiation stress and crack damage stress. Comparing the two methods of obtaining damage parameters by using cyclic loading test and cumulative AE energy, the results of them were highly consistent except for some deviation in the initial and final stages.
Correlation Between Gastrocnemius Tightness and Heel Pain Severity in Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Pearce Christopher J. , Seow Dexter , Lau Bernard P.
Published: September 2020

Background:

It is known that there is an association between gastrocnemius tightness and plantar fasciitis, but this has never been quantified. The purpose of the study was to determine the correlation between gastrocnemius tightness and the severity of heel pain in plantar fasciitis.

Methods:

Thirty-three patients were prescribed physiotherapist-directed gastrocnemius stretching exercises, a Strassburg Sock or night splint, and silicone heel insoles as required. Outcome measures included (1) gastrocnemius tightness, (2) 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) for pain on the first steps in the morning, and (3) 100-mm VAS for the worst pain felt during the previous week. Gastrocnemius tightness was measured by the difference in maximal ankle dorsiflexion between knee bent and straight with a goniometer.

Results:

The mean gastrocnemius tightness was 22 degrees at baseline compared with 9 degrees at the final follow-up ( P < .01). A reduction in VAS for pain on the first steps in the morning and VAS for the worst pain felt during the previous week from baseline to final follow-up was observed ( P < .01). Correlation analysis of 105 data points between gastrocnemius tightness and VAS for pain on the first steps in the morning was R = 0.757 ( P < .001), and between gastrocnemius tightness and VAS for the worst pain felt during the previous week was R = 0.781 ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

The study observed a strong, statistically significant correlation between gastrocnemius tightness and the severity of heel pain in plantar fasciitis.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Electrical Impedance Tomography and Prone Position During Ventilation in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Case Reports and a Brief Literature Review
Authors: Tomasino Serena , Sassanelli Rosa , Marescalco Corrado , Meroi Francesco , Vetrugno Luigi , Bove Tiziana
Published: September 2020

At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases, with high needs of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. It is still unclear whether different types of COVID-19 pneumonia require different ventilator strategies. With electrical impedance tomography (EIT) we evaluated, in real time and bedside, the distribution of ventilation in the different pulmonary regions before, during, and after pronation in COVID-19 respiratory failure. We present a brief literature review of EIT in non-COVID-19 patients and a report of 2 COVID-19 patients: one that did not respond well and another one that improved during and after pronation. EIT might be a useful tool to decide whether prone positioning should or should not be used in COVID-19 pneumonia.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors α7 and α9 modifies tobacco smoke risk for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Briggs Farren BS
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

Tobacco smoke exposure is an established risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), yet how it confers risk is not known. Evidence from observational studies suggests nicotine may be a protective component. Animal studies further support this hypothesis, demonstrating nicotine’s protective effect in MS is mediated by the presence and absence of α7 and α9 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), respectively.

Objective:

To determine if variation in the genes encoding α7 and α9 nAChRs (cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 ( CHRNA7) and alpha 9 ( CHRNA9)) will modify MS risk conferred by tobacco smoking.

Methods:

A multi-stage gene-environment (G×E) framework was utilized, including a case–control analysis (286 cases, 176 controls) with haplotype- and gene-based analyses, followed by an extension case-only (1053 cases) analysis for overlapping variants.

Results:

The results suggest that CHRNA7 and CHRNA9 modifies MS risk conferred by tobacco smoke, where risk among smokers was increased in carriers of the minor CHRNA9 haplotype and in non-carriers the minor CHRNA7 haplotype. The findings are consistent with the pharmacology of these receptors and animal studies of MS.

Conclusion:

This study implicates novel processes in MS initiation and demonstrate the need for further G×E studies to advancing our understanding of the missing heritability of MS.
A commentary on interpreting the United States preventive services task force autism screening recommendation statement
Authors: Hickey Emily , Sheldrick R Christopher , Kuhn Jocelyn , Broder-Fingert Sarabeth
Published: September 2020

In 2016, the US Preventive Services Task Force concluded that there was “insufficient” (“I” statement) evidence to support universal primary care screening for autism spectrum disorder. The statement led to controversy among research and clinical communities. Although a number of papers have since been published arguing for the potential benefit of autism spectrum disorder screening, none adequately address the potential harms of autism spectrum disorder screening. This evidence gap may relate to confusion regarding how the US Preventive Services Task Force conceptualizes and evaluates potential harm. In this commentary, we explore how the US Preventive Services Task Force operationalizes harm and discuss how the potential for harm was described in the “I” statement on autism spectrum disorder screening. This information can serve as a guide for investigators working to study the benefits and harms of autism spectrum disorder screening in order to fill the research gaps cited by the US Preventive Services Task Force report. Finally, we recommend future research directions for exploring harms of autism spectrum disorder screening, filling cited research gaps, and ultimately ensuring that the benefits of autism spectrum disorder screening truly outweigh the harms for all children and their families.
Why are some parliamentarians’ bills more likely to progress? Sponsorship as a signal
Authors: Dockendorff Andrés
Published: September 2020

This article offers an empirical test of why some legislators’ bills are more likely to move forward in the legislative process. We argue that who signs the bill matters when it comes to the level of support that the proposal receives. Successful bills will be sponsored by a greater number of members ( bandwagon factor) and political adversaries ( support across the aisle factor). On the contrary, failed initiatives will be those sponsored by inexperienced parliamentarians ( newcomers factor). We examine the case of Chile and test the expectations with legislative data on parliamentarians’ bills.
Structural deformation reconstruction by the Penrose–Moore pseudo-inverse and singular value decomposition–estimated equivalent force
Authors: Li Yixian , Sun Limin
Published: September 2020

For structural health monitoring, estimating the external load is a typical ill-posed problem but significant. Because with the external force and the structural finite element model, any required response can be calculated, which is advantageous for further structural health monitoring works. This article first defines an underdetermined equation using a limited number of in-field measurements and the finite element model–calculated influence line matrix, and it proposes a load estimation method using the Penrose–Moore pseudo-inverse (generalized inverse). The objective of the proposed method is to obtain the equivalent nodal force vector with minimum length among all possible force vectors satisfying the deformation constraints. The estimated force is an equivalent nodal force, since it only satisfies limited deformation constraints. With the estimated nodal force, full structure static response can be easily calculated by multiplying the influence line matrix and the equivalent force vector. Besides, the truncated singular value decomposition is used to process the finite element model–calculated influence line matrix to avoid the over-fitting effect due to the measurement noise. The singular values of singular value decomposition represent the significance of the structural deformation modes, and the decreasing rate of the singular values is a good complexity indicator for a structure. The proposed frame can involve any types of static measurements, and it can realize real-time computation because it merely involves the matrix multiplying calculation. Finally, the sensitivity analysis is conducted by numerical simulation, and a large-scale model-based experiment has demonstrated that the algorithm is appropriate for in-field applications.
Benefits and Harms of Exercise Therapy for Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aagaard Thomas Vedste , Moeini Sahar , Skou Søren T. , Madsen Ulla Riis , Brorson Stig
Published: September 2020

Aim

Exercise therapy is a core element in the treatment of diabetes, but the benefits and harms for patients with a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) are unknown. We therefore aimed to systematically review the benefits on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and harms of exercise therapy for patients with DFU.

Methods

We searched 6 major databases. We performed citation and reference searches of included studies and contacted authors of ongoing trials. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess potential benefits on HRQoL and harms of exercise therapy. Observational studies were included to identify potential harms of exercise therapy.

Results

We included 10 published publications of 9 trials and results from 2 unpublished trials including a total of 281 individuals with DFUs receiving various forms of exercise therapy. Due to lack of HRQoL measurements and high heterogeneity, it was not possible to perform meta-analyses. Results on HRQoL was present in one unpublished study. Harms reported ranged from musculoskeletal problems, increased wound size, to amputation; however, no safe conclusions could be drawn from the available data due to high heterogeneity and risk of bias in the trials.

Conclusions/Interpretation

Protective strategies are often preferred over therapeutic exercise that might have unforeseen consequences for patients over time. Based on the current literature, no evidence-based recommendations can be provided on the benefits and harms of exercise therapy for patients with DFUs. Well-conducted RCTs are needed to guide rehabilitation including detailed description of adverse events and an exercise program in a semisupervised or fully supervised setting.
Using a Narrative Approach to Analyze Longitudinal Mixed Methods Data
Authors: Waller Maureen R. , Nepomnyaschy Lenna , Miller Daniel P. , Mingo Meaghan
Published: September 2020

Despite growing interest in longitudinal mixed methods research designs, more strategies for analyzing and integrating these data are needed. This article contributes to the field of mixed methods research by presenting a novel narrative approach to data analysis in longitudinal studies. Our approach involves the transformation of longitudinal survey data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study into narrative case histories. We use qualitative interviews from participants in an embedded study to select survey variables for data transformation and to explain unexpected survey outcomes. Our analysis shows how multiple factors converge to enable or constrain fathers’ involvement with children in five different fathering trajectories, and how the narrative frames of some disadvantaged fathers may facilitate their sustained involvement.
The Prevalence of Philosophical Assumptions Described in Mixed Methods Research in Education
Authors: Coates Adam
Published: September 2020

Philosophical arguments are expected to provide the foundation of research and should be mentioned when reporting research. This study explores the presentation of philosophical assumptions in 1,026 mixed methods research (MMR) articles from the field of education. Eighty-one papers (7.9%) provided philosophical commitments, and 31 distinct stances were claimed. Philosophy was presented with different roles, including that philosophical stance can direct the decision to use mixed methods or result from that choice. This article contributes the field of MMR by highlighting an oversight in the reporting practices of the MMR community. Possible causes for the findings include weaknesses in research education and knowledge. Alternative models of the research process may be required to accurately match descriptions of research practice.
Adaptable Near and Far: C. H. Hazlewood’s Double Adaptations
Authors: Hofer-Robinson Joanna
Published: September 2020

Stage personnel faced complex and conflicting demands in the nineteenth century to curate and cater to appetites for theatre with perceived local relevance and increasingly mobile and diverse audiences. This article argues that the formulaic melodramas written for less reputable London theatres allowed for just such local identification as well as for coming and going, as playwrights produced dramas which simultaneously traded on their knowledge of managerial preferences and theatrical companies while retaining an inclusive ambiguity in their scripts by avoiding specific political affiliation and curating moments of metatheatrical humour that appealed to audiences’ general knowledge of stage conventions, rather than specific local contexts or affiliations. Focusing on two very different dramatisations of Charles Reade’s novel It Is Never Too Late to Mend, both written by C. H. Hazlewood, this article analyses how the playwright addressed the tastes and capabilities of a network of professionals with whom he was personally connected, while maintaining an essential ambiguity that made these dramas portable across an international dramatic circuit.
Haematuria in children
Authors: Babakhanlou Rodrick , Beattie Tom
Published: September 2020

Haematuria in children can be associated with many illnesses, from the benign and self-limiting to the more complex and life-threatening. The most common form of haematuria in children is microscopic haematuria. Visible blood (also termed frank haematuria) is an uncommon, but often very distressing, finding for child and parent. Although the majority of cases are benign or less serious, it is important to identify those patients requiring referral to secondary care for further investigation and management. It is equally important to identify patients for diagnosis and appropriate management in primary care.
Inhibition of ATR-Chk1 signaling blocks DNA double-strand-break repair and induces cytoplasmic vacuolization in metastatic osteosarcoma
Authors: Li Xiaoyang , Dean Dylan C. , Cote Gregory M. , Zou Lee , Hornicek Francis J. , Yu Shengji , Duan Zhenfeng
Published: September 2020

Background:

Ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3 related protein kinase (ATR) is an essential regulator of the DNA damage response in various cancers; however, its expression and roles in osteosarcoma are unclear. We therefore chose to evaluate the significance and mechanism of ATR in metastatic osteosarcoma, as well as its potential to be a therapeutic target.

Methods:

The osteosarcoma tissue microarrays constructed from 70 patient specimens underwent immunohistochemistry to quantify ATR and activated phospho-ATR (pATR) expression and their correlation with clinical outcomes. ATR sublocalization within the metastatic osteosarcoma cells was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were evaluated following treatment with ATR siRNA or the selective inhibitor Berzosertib. Antitumor effects were determined with ex vivo three-dimensional (3D) culture models, and the impacts on the DNA damage repair pathways were measured with Western blotting.

Results:

Elevated ATR and activated pATR expression correlated with shorter patient survival and less necrosis following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Intranuclear sublocalization of ATR and pATR suggested a mechanism related to DNA replication. ATR knockdown with siRNA or inhibition with Berzosertib suppressed cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis. In addition, ATR inhibition decreased Chk1 phosphorylation while increasing γH2AX expression and PARP cleavage, consistent with the interference of DNA damage repair. The ATR inhibitor Berzosertib also produced the characteristic cytoplasmic vacuolization preceding cell death, and suppressed ex vivo 3D spheroid formation and cell motility.

Conclusion:

The faithful dependence of cells on ATR signaling for survival and progression makes it an emerging therapeutic target in metastatic osteosarcoma.
Risk Factors for Rhinosinusitis After Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Adenomectomy
Authors: Lee Clara H. , Ikeda Allison K. , Patel Shubham , Levy Joshua M. , Patel Zara M. , Solares C. Arturo , Oyesiku Nelson , Wise Sarah K.
Published: September 2020

Objective

Patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal adenomectomy (eTSA) for pituitary tumors are at risk for postoperative complications, including rhinosinusitis. We aimed to determine if preoperative sinonasal disease is a risk factor for postoperative rhinosinusitis (PRS).

Study Design

Retrospective review.

Setting

Tertiary academic center in U.S.

Subjects and Methods

Patients with a diagnosis of pituitary adenoma who underwent eTSA between 2007-2016. PRS patients were matched to non-PRS patients or sex, age, tumor size, skull base reconstruction with intranasal tissue grafting, and concurrent septoplasty. Groups were statistically analyzed for potential preoperative risk factors of sinonasal disease (patient-reported, radiographic, endoscopic).

Results

49 of 987 patients who underwent eTSA developed PRS (44.9% male, 71.4% Caucasian, mean age 49.3y). On analysis of individual risk factors, there was a significantly higher proportion of patients with a history of prior sinonasal surgery in the PRS group than the non-PRS group (25.5% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.01); however, this group difference became insignificant on multivariate analysis. There were no significant group differences with regard to history of sinus infections, nasal symptoms, seasonal allergies, radiographic abnormalities, or sinonasal disease on endoscopy.

Conclusion

This is the first study to investigate preoperative sinonasal disease as a risk factor for PRS after eTSA. The risk factors considered did not demonstrate definitive risk for PRS, although a history of prior sinonasal surgery should be investigated further.
Insufficient nocturnal sleep was associated with a higher risk of fibrosis in patients with diabetes with metabolic associated fatty liver disease
Authors: Zheng Jiaping , Chen Sijie , Cai Yuqing , Lin Su , Ke Sujie , Liu Libin
Published: September 2020

Background:

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) refers to metabolic dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease, and liver fibrosis stage is closely connected with liver-related and all-cause mortality. This study aimed to explore the association of sleep duration with liver fibrosis in the diabetic subgroup of the MAFLD population.

Methods:

This retrospective study analyzed 342 patients with MAFLD. Anthropometric measurements, clinical and biochemical markers, and lifestyle parameters were collected. Fibrosis was defined as fibrosis-4 ⩾1.3. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to match cases. Student’s t-test and chi-square tests were applied for group comparisons, and binary regression models were used to explore the independent risk factors of liver fibrosis.

Results:

Among the 342 subjects, 87 (25.4%) were diagnosed with fibrosis and 255 (74.6%) without. Baseline characteristic comparisons showed differences in age and diabetes duration between the two groups, and adjustment was made by PSM. Ultimately, the fibrosis group and nonfibrosis group each had 87 patients. The fibrosis group had shorter duration of nocturnal sleep (6.77 ± 1.59 h) than the nonfibrosis group (7.77 ± 1.92 h, p < 0.001). More patients in the fibrosis group stayed up late at night (32.2% versus 14.9%, p < 0.01). Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) areas were larger in the fibrosis group than in the nonfibrosis group ( p < 0.001). Glycemic profile, lipid profile, gamma-glutamyl transferase level, and serum uric acid level were not significantly different between the two groups. In the multivariate regression analysis, nocturnal sleep and VAT areas were independently associated with liver fibrosis, with odds ratios of 0.694 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.551–0.875, p < 0.01] for nocturnal sleep and 1.031 (95% CI 1.014–1.048, p < 0.001) for VAT areas.

Conclusion:

Insufficient nocturnal sleep was independently related to a higher risk of fibrosis. Sleep modification might be beneficial in promoting the health of patients with MAFLD.
Comparison of first-line and second-line use of fingolimod in relapsing MS: The open-label EARLIMS study
Authors: Fernández Oscar , Izquierdo Guillermo , Aguera Eduardo , Ramo Cristina , Hernandez Miguel , Silva Diego , Walker Rob , Butzkueven Helmut , Wang Chenyu , Barnett Michael ,   on behalf of the EARLIMS investigators
Published: September 2020

Background

Treatment of MS often begins with low-efficacy injectable disease-modifying therapy (iDMT).

Objectives

To compare the effect of fingolimod 0.5 mg/day on clinical, MRI, patient-reported, and safety outcomes, in treatment-naïve and previously treated (≥1 iDMT) patients with early MS.

Methods

EARLIMS was a multicentre, open-label, non-randomized, parallel-group phase 3 b/4 study in Australia and Spain. Patients with relapsing–remitting MS, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score <4.0, and ≥1–5 years since diagnosis, received daily fingolimod for 48 weeks. The primary endpoint was annualized relapse rate (ARR).

Results

Of 347 patients enrolled at 51 sites (treatment-naïve, 200 [57.6%]; previously treated, 147 [42.4%]), 320 completed the study (treatment-naïve, 184 [92.0%]; previously treated, 136 [92.5%]), but the study remained underpowered (planned enrolment, n = 432). Fingolimod reduced ARR to similar levels in both treatment-naïve (mean ARR [95% confidence interval], 0.21 [0.14, 0.29]) and previously treated groups (0.30 [0.20, 0.41]; p = 0.1668). There were no new safety signals.

Conclusions

Fingolimod appeared equally effective as first- or second-line therapy in relapsing MS. There was a trend for better outcomes with fingolimod in treatment-naïve patients than in those previously treated with >1 iDMT.
Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Taiwan: TEM PSHA2020
Authors: Chan Chung-Han , Ma Kuo-Fong , Shyu J Bruce H , Lee Ya-Ting , Wang Yu-Ju , Gao Jia-Cian , Yen Yin-Tung , Rau Ruey-Juin
Published: September 2020

The Taiwan Earthquake Model (TEM) published the first version of the Taiwan probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (named TEM PSHA2015) 5 years ago. For updating to the TEM PSHA2020, we considered an updated seismogenic structure database, including the structures newly identified with 3D geometry, an earthquake catalog made current to 2016, state-of-the-art seismic models, a new set of ground motion prediction equations, and site amplification factors. In addition to earthquakes taking place on each individual seismogenic structure, the updated seismic model included the possibility of an earthquake occurring on multiple structures. To include fault memory for illustrating activity on seismogenic structure sources, we incorporated the Brownian passage time model. For the crustal seismicity that cannot be attributed to any specific structure, we implemented both area source and smoothing kernel models. A new set of ground motion prediction equations is incorporated. In addition to the calculation of hazard at engineering bedrock, our assessment included site amplification factors that competent authorities of governments and private companies could use to implement hazard prevention and reduction strategies.
Proactively Monitoring Large Project Portfolios
Authors: Hopmere Michael , Crawford Lynn , Harré Michael S.
Published: September 2020

The discipline of project management has evolved over the years, yet projects still run into trouble, failing entirely, running late, or not delivering expected benefits. Program and portfolio managers need assistance identifying potentially troubled projects while they are being delivered, allowing time to intervene. We report on our investigation of whether project status reports from IT project portfolios can be used to predict projects that may be trending into trouble ahead of time. We found that this initial approach resulted in a high degree of accurate predictions opening new avenues of research in predicting project progress and health.
CD81 knockout promotes chemosensitivity and disrupts in vivo homing and engraftment in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Quagliano Anthony , Gopalakrishnapillai Anilkumar , Kolb E. Anders , Barwe Sonali P.
Published: September 2020

Relapse remains a major obstacle to achieving 100% overall survival rate in pediatric hematologic malignancies like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Relapse often results from the development of chemoresistance. One of the mechanisms of chemoresistance involves ALL cell interactions with the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, providing a sanctuary. This phenomenon is known as BM microenvironment-induced chemoprotection. Members of the transmembrane 4 superfamily (tetraspanins; TSPANs) are known to mediate microenvironmental interactions and have been extensively studied in solid tumors. Although the TSPAN family member CD81 is a minimal residual disease marker, its biological role in ALL is not well characterized. We show for the first time that CD81 knockout induces chemosensitivity, reduces cellular adhesion, and disrupts in vivo BM homing and engraftment in B-ALL. This chemosensitization is mediated through control of Bruton tyrosine kinase signaling and induction of p53-mediated cell death. We then show how CD81-related signaling can be disrupted by treatment with the epigenetic drug combination of DNA hypomethylating agent azacitidine (aza) and histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (pano), which we previously used to sensitize ALL cells to chemotherapy under conditions that promote BM microenvironment-induced chemoprotection. Aza/pano-mediated modulation of CD81 surface expression is involved in decreasing BM load by promoting ALL cell mobilization from BM to peripheral blood and increasing response to chemotherapy in disseminated patient-derived xenograft models. This study identifies the novel role of CD81 in BM microenvironment-induced chemoprotection and delineates the mechanism by which aza/pano successfully sensitizes ALL cells via modulation of CD81.
Targeting phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-β and -δ for Bruton tyrosine kinase resistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Jain Neeraj , Singh Satishkumar , Laliotis Georgios , Hart Amber , Muhowski Elizabeth , Kupcova Kristyna , Chrbolkova Tereza , Khashab Tamer , Chowdhury Sayan Mullick , Sircar Anuvrat , Shirazi Fazal , Singh Ram Kumar , Alinari Lapo , Zhu Jiangjiang , Havranek Ondrej , Tsichlis Philip , Woyach Jennifer , Baiocchi Robert , Samaniego Felipe , Sehgal Lalit
Published: September 2020

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma; 40% of patients relapse after a complete response or are refractory to therapy. To survive, the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype of DLBCL relies upon B-cell receptor signaling, which can be modulated by the activity of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK). Targeting BTK with ibrutinib, an inhibitor, provides a therapeutic approach for this subtype of DLBCL. However, non-Hodgkin lymphoma is often resistant to ibrutinib or acquires resistance soon after exposure. We explored how this resistance develops. We generated 3 isogenic ibrutinib-resistant DLBCL cell lines and investigated the deregulated pathways known to be associated with tumorigenic properties. Reduced levels of BTK and enhanced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling were hallmarks of these ibrutinib-resistant cells. Upregulation of PI3K-β expression was demonstrated to drive resistance in ibrutinib-resistant cells, and resistance was reversed by the blocking activity of PI3K-β/δ. Treatment with the selective PI3K-β/δ dual inhibitor KA2237 reduced both tumorigenic properties and survival-based PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling of these ibrutinib-resistant cells. In addition, combining KA2237 with currently available chemotherapeutic agents synergistically inhibited metabolic growth. This study elucidates the compensatory upregulated PI3K/AKT axis that emerges in ibrutinib-resistant cells.
Successful management of SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory distress syndrome and newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Phillips Lia , Pavisic Jovana , Kaur Dominder , Dorrello N. Valerio , Broglie Larisa , Hijiya Nobuko
Published: September 2020

Key Points

Standard chemotherapy can still be used for new diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Corticosteroid can be given safely to patients with SARS-CoV-2 presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome and ALL.