bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning-Based Approach for Hydrogen Economic Evaluation of Small Modular Reactors
Authors: Kim Juyoul , Rweyemamu Mujuni , Purevsuren Boldsaikhan
Published: September 2022

In this study, we evaluate hydrogen production costs using small modular reactors (SMRs). Furthermore, we employ a machine learning-based approach to predict important parameters that affect the hydrogen production cost. Additionally, we use a hydrogen economic evaluation program to calculate the hydrogen production cost when using the two types of SMRs: system-integrated modular advanced reactor (SMART) developed by the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) and NuScale power module™ (NPM) developed by the NuScale Power, LLC. Different storage and transportation means were selected to find the cheapest option. Using SMART, storing hydrogen in compressed gas and transporting it through pipes (CG-Pipe) is the best option, with an estimated cost of USD 2.77/kg. Other options when using SMART include storing in compressed gas and transporting with a vehicle (CG-Vehicle), with an estimated cost of USD 3.27/kg; storing by liquefaction and transporting with a vehicle (L-Vehicle), with an estimated cost of USD 3.31/kg; and storing in metal hydrides and transporting with a vehicle (MH-Vehicle), with an estimated cost of USD 6.97/kg. Using NPM, CG-Pipe is the cheapest option to generate hydrogen, with an estimated cost of USD 2.95/kg. Other options include CG-Vehicle (USD 3.35/kg), L-Vehicle (USD 3.42/kg), and MH-Vehicle (USD 7.04/kg). Hydrogen production using SMART is cheaper than using NPM. However, the observed difference between the hydrogen production costs using the two reactors was insignificant. We conclude that the optimal hydrogen production cost ranges from USD 3.27/kg (CG-Vehicle) to USD 3.42 (L-Vehicle). This conclusion is because the common hydrogen transportation means is with a vehicle. From a machine learning-based approach, we determine the important parameters that affect hydrogen production costs. The most important parameter is the heat consumption (MWth/unit) at hydrogen generation plants, and other parameters include electricity rating and heat for hydrogen generation plants.
MAB21L4 Deficiency Drives Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Activation of RET
Authors: Srivastava Ankit , Tommasi Cristina , Sessions Dane , Mah Angela , Bencomo Tomas , Garcia Jasmine M. , Jiang Tiffany , Lee Michael , Shen Joseph Y. , Seow Lek Wei , Nguyen Audrey , Rajapakshe Kimal , Coarfa Cristian , Tsai Kenneth Y. , Lopez-Pajares Vanessa , Lee Carolyn S.
Published: September 2022

Epithelial squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) most commonly originate in the skin, where they display disruptions in the normally tightly regulated homeostatic balance between keratinocyte proliferation and terminal differentiation. We performed a transcriptome-wide screen for genes of unknown function that possess inverse expression patterns in differentiating keratinocytes compared with cutaneous SCC (cSCC), leading to the identification of MAB21L4 (C2ORF54) as an enforcer of terminal differentiation that suppresses carcinogenesis. Loss of MAB21L4 in human cSCC organoids increased expression of RET to enable malignant progression. In addition to transcriptional upregulation of RET, deletion of MAB21L4 preempted recruitment of the CacyBP-Siah1 E3 ligase complex to RET and reduced its ubiquitylation. In SCC organoids and in vivo tumor models, genetic disruption of RET or selective inhibition of RET with BLU-667 (pralsetinib) suppressed SCC growth while inducing concomitant differentiation. Overall, loss of MAB21L4 early during SCC development blocks differentiation by increasing RET expression. These results suggest that targeting RET activation is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating SCC.

Significance:

Downregulation of RET mediated by MAB21L4–CacyBP interaction is required to induce epidermal differentiation and suppress carcinogenesis, suggesting RET inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach in squamous cell carcinoma.
Aspirin for Colorectal Cancer Prevention: Age Matters
Authors: Shureiqi Imad
Published: September 2022

Further data from the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial heightens the concern regarding aspirin use for colorectal cancer prevention in elderly subjects. A 95-variant colorectal cancer polygenic risk score (PRS) failed to identify a subset of elderly individuals who could have benefited from aspirin preventive activity. Further research to define predictive biomarkers of aspirin preventive activity is needed. Meanwhile, the use of aspirin for colorectal cancer prevention in the elderly becomes more questionable.

See Cancer Prev Res 15(7):447–53
Can a Banana a Day Keep the Cancer Away in Patients with Lynch Syndrome?
Authors: Bansal Ajay , Montgomery Robert , Vilar Eduardo
Published: September 2022

The CAPP2 investigators report on the long-term effects of resistant starch (RS) on the incidence of colorectal cancer and other Lynch syndrome–related tumors in the trial population of the CAPP-2 study. RS has no effect on colorectal cancer incidence, but it reduced the numbers of other Lynch syndrome–related tumors, mainly driven by upper gastrointestinal cancers. Although the study has limitations related to secondary analysis, it fills an important void in the field of cancer interception of non–colorectal Lynch syndrome–related tumors and should form the basis for future trials of RS in Lynch syndrome.

See related article, p. 623
Australasian Consensus Statement on the Identification, Prevention, and Management of Hormonal Crises in Patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Undergoing Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy
Authors: Li Minmin , Chan David L. , Tapia Rico Gonzalo , Cehic Gabrielle , Lawrence Ben , Wyld David , Pattison David A. , Kong Grace , Hicks Rodney , Michael Michael , Kiberu Andrew Ddembe , Lim Jennifer , Clifton-Bligh Roderick , Tsang Venessa , Roach Paul J. , Leyden John , Diakos Connie I. , Price Timothy J. , Pavlakis Nick
Published: September 2022

Hormonal crises are a rare but increasingly recognized phenomenon following peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). Due to the paucity of published studies, approaches to the identification, prevention, and management of risk factors are inconsistent between different institutions. This consensus statement aimed to provide guidance for NEN patients undergoing PRRT. Our statement has been created on the basis of clinical demand and concerns regarding the precipitation of hormonal crises. A formal literature review was conducted to identify available studies. A total of 19 Australian and New Zealand experts in the fields of medical oncology, nuclear medicine, anaesthetics, and endocrinology collaborated on this consensus statement. The main focus is on carcinoid crises. Other hormonal crises seen in patients with functional pancreatic NENs are addressed briefly. These recommendations are relevant to PRRT centres internationally and should be tailored to local experience and available resources.
Que não pereça o mundo: verdade, memória e política em Hannah Arendt
Authors: Campos Natalia Tavares
Published: September 2022

Se verdade e política emergem, inicialmente, na obra de Hannah Arendt, como lados antagônicos em uma oposição aparentemente irresolúvel – oposição marcada, originariamente, pelo conflito entre a verdade do filósofo e as opiniões dos cidadãos –, em seu ensaio Verdade e política, publicado pela primeira vez em 1967, a autora parece colocar em novos termos a relação entre ambas, pensando-a, afinal, a partir de uma outra perspectiva. Considerando este contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é examinar a relação que Arendt parece estabelecer entre a verdade, como o lugar da memória, e o mundo, buscando compreender, assim, a relevância e a possível “função” desempenhada pela verdade factual no que diz respeito à política.
Practical Knowledge and the Rhetoric of Experience: Three Italian Surgeons and Their Observations
Authors: Donato Maria Pia
Published: September 2022

This article deals with early modern surgical case literature, more specifically with printed collections of observations in surgery. It examines the work of late seventeenth- to late eighteenth-century Italian practitioners from different backgrounds and of different statuses, and highlights the complexity of cognitive and social purposes pervading the genre, besides that of sharing empirical knowledge. These can be apprehended through a second look at texts and contexts, by analysing the ways in which authors selected, penned, and arranged their narratives. As the anthologies under examination show, collected observations varied significantly in focus and scope, with some seemingly designed to sustain the authoritative legacy of learned surgery, others defying a professional ethos for non-academic practitioners, and others still surveying ailments in light of hospital statistics. In fact, as this article suggests, the genre was flexible enough – and the narratives malleable enough – to adjust to changes in surgical theory and practice. In spite of new intellectual expectations, however, it was not plastic enough to take on new epistemic functions, such as reframing surgical nosology.
Le rouge et le noir
Authors: Bishop Paul
Published: September 2022

This paper explores the genesis and significance of Jung’s recently-published Black Books. It considers the nature of the inspiration behind them, and it suggests that the Black Books reveal the textual nature of Jung’s experience of the process of ‘ordering’ in several different ways. The paper examines the minor and more significant changes between the version of the text found in the Black Books and the Red Book, and it considers whether it is helpful to think of the Black Books in the categories of ‘science’, ‘nature’, or ‘art’. It is argued that one of the key insights into the creative process behind the Black Books can be gained from examining their textual status (reflected, for example, in Jung’s handwriting), which gives a sense of the linguistic, stylistic, conceptual, and emotional struggle out of which they emerged. Finally, the paper discusses Jung’s encounter with the Dionysos-like figure of Wotan, which is linked with Jung’s memory of an ‘unforgettable night in the desert’ when he ‘saw the Χ for the first time’ and ‘understood the Platonic myth’ (BB7, p. 227), and it explores Jung’s longstanding interest in interpreting the myth of the creation in Plato’s Timaeus.
Two new species of Waynokiops Hill et al. 2010 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from the Oriental Region
Authors: KLUGE NIKITA
Published: September 2022

A new species found in northern Thailand and northern India, Waynokiops pentacanthus sp. n., is described based on eggs, larvae, subimagines and imagines of both sexes associated by rearing. A new species from southern India, Waynokiops palifer sp. n. is described based on a mature larva with female subimago and eggs extracted from this larva. All larvae of both species were collected in rivers running in mountain areas. Formerly, the genus Waynokiops Hill et al. 2010 included a single species W. dentatogriphus Hill et al. 2010 known from a few larvae collected in lakes of North America and unknown before 2007. Based on the fact that two newly discovered species of Waynokiops have an Oriental distribution, an assumption is expressed, that W. dentatogriphus is also originally distributed somewhere in the Oriental Region, from where it was introduced into North America. Winged stages are described for Waynokiops for the first time, allowing a more complete generic diagnosis and a better understanding of its systematic position.
Campus Reopening in Fall 2020: Linked More to Political Leadership and Institutional Characteristics than to COVID-19 Pandemic Severity
Authors: Snideman Samuel , Collier Daniel , Fitzpatrick Dan , Marsicano Christopher R.
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic forced higher education institutions to reexamine their modes of instruction for the Fall 2020 semester. Some institutions chose to reopen for in-person instruction, others chose online or hybrid modalities. Leveraging data for 2,458 colleges and universities, we examined how political, epidemiological, economic, and institutional characteristics correlated with Fall 2020 reopening plans. We found no discernible relationship between county-level or state-level COVID-19 case counts and reopening plans. Campus demographics (such as White student enrollment) and state political characteristics were related to campus mode of instruction decisions for Fall 2020. The findings highlight the continued, and perhaps increasing, relevance of sociopolitical factors to higher education leaders’ decisions.
How Constructions of Interpersonal Responsibility Shape Undergraduate Student Networks in Times of Social Distancing
Authors: Brown Michael , Smith Rachel A. , Reason Robert , Grady Kevin , Sowl Stephanie
Published: September 2022

Since Spring 2020, college students have experienced rapid and unpredictable shifts in their social and academic worlds. As institutions implemented social distancing policies, students had to navigate unstable norms related to peer interaction while negotiating what it meant to act responsibly to ensure their own safety and help their communities. Drawing on a network-based approach to pro-social behavior, we conducted a study of undergraduate students’ frequent interaction networks at one research university during Fall 2020 to better understand how students constructed and were influenced by their peer relationship patterns. We observed a typology of student relationship patterns based on the structure and physical location of relationships. This typology had important implications for how students assessed risk and expressed care. While students engaged in different behaviors related to social distancing, they all believed they were making a concerted effort to keep their frequent contacts safe.
New Frontiers or New Countries? A Survey Assessing COVID, Telehealth, and Innovation in Psychoanalysis
Authors: Stukenberg Karl W. , Moriwaki Adam N. , Fisher Charles P.
Published: September 2022

A wide-ranging survey focusing on the experiences of analysts providing telehealth treatment approximately six months into the pandemic was sent to one hundred randomly selected APsaA graduate analysts, one hundred randomly selected APsaA candidate analysts, and then to everyone on the APsaA members’ Listserv. Presented both open-ended and closed-ended questions, analysts were invited to quantify and reflect on their experience. Responding analysts in each of the three groups described similar experiences. Each group noted that they have, overall, moved from a neutral to a modestly positive acceptance of telehealth as a means of delivering psychoanalysis. In describing the frame and process of telehealth, the analysts reported wide differences in patient response to the change in format, including positive, negative, and highly specific shifts in the treatment process attributable to the change in format. Telehealth, it appears, is a distinct space in which psychoanalysis can be conducted. In general, respondents minimized the impact of the pandemic itself on the analytic process, though the process may have been more impacted by the pandemic than they were reporting. All three groups almost unanimously reported interest in exploring innovative psychoanalytic techniques.
“Day’s Residues”: One Vertex Among Many
Authors: Taiana Cecilia
Published: September 2022

The post-Bionian paradigm in psychoanalysis invites us to listen to the session as a waking-dream-thought where unconscious-thinking-in progress is continuous. The hypothesis put forward here and illustrated using clinical material is that we can use the notion of day’s residues as a metaphor to refer to the incoming narrative of the patient. Whatever the patient brings to the session can be conceived as “day’s residues” in that they are potential instigators of waking-dream-thought in the session. This metaphor helps the analyst place brackets around the outside of the session, deconcretizing what apparently are hard facts, so that immediate contact is made to create a shared perspective, possibly producing in this session “food” for the mind. To create the waking-dream-thought of the session, the analyst may consider listening to the incoming narrative as a metaphor. This is not a new or different concept but a particular kind of elaboration on the metaphoric stance taken by psychoanalysts of all stripes; it is an elaboration that expands the ways we can describe the session and narrow the gap between talking about the session and the experience of the session itself.
How Do Investigation Experiences Shape Views of the Police? Qualitatively Exploring Sexual Assault Survivors’ Interactions With Police Detectives and Subsequent Views of the Police
Authors: Lorenz Katherine
Published: September 2022

Little attention has been paid to views of the police among sexual assault survivors. Understanding views of the police among a large population of crime victims who have historically been silenced and mistreated by our criminal-legal system can help inform recent and ongoing conversations about police funding and criminal justice reform. Qualitative interview data from a community sample of sexual assault survivors explored how police-detective interactions during sexual assault investigations shape views of the police. Negative interactions led to negative views of the police and for some were based on a culmination of positive and negative experiences. I share recommendations for responding to sexual assault that consider sexual assault survivors’ experiences with and views of the police.
Genetic identity as a regime of truth: Same sex and transnational surrogacy parenthood in the United States and Israel
Authors: Birenbaum-Carmeli Daphna , Rudrappa Sharmila
Published: September 2022

Through examining cases of cross-border surrogacy in Israel and the United States, we offer the concept of genetic kinning defined as the narratives deployed by individuals that give prominence to genetic relatedness between offspring and parents to highlight immutable similarities between parents, and by extension, grandparents and ancestors. The deployment of genetic kinning narratives does not happen in a vacuum; instead, nation-state bodies emphasize genetic relatedness within the family unit, especially accentuated in cases of cross-border surrogacy where intended parents need to receive travel documents, including passports, and subsequently citizenship, for their children birthed through surrogacy. Genetic kinning is more emphasized for queer couples, where only one (or neither) of the fathers, or mothers as the case may be, is genetically related to the infant. We examine cases in Israel and the United States that we selected due to their wide media coverage and studied through their press presentations. We show that far from becoming less relevant, genetic relatedness becomes increasingly salient because of assisted reproductive technologies, including gamete donation and surrogacy, especially when families move across borders, presenting states bodies with the need to parse out descendance, family status/parentage, and national membership/citizenship.
Managing the non-integration of transient migrant workers: Urban strategies of enclavisation and enclosure in Singapore
Authors: Yeoh Brenda SA , Lam Theodora
Published: September 2022

Research on migration in arrival cities, particularly in the west, has traditionally focused on spatial formations such as ‘ethnic enclaves’ or ‘immigrant neighbourhoods’ in order to investigate questions around assimilation, integration and settlement issues relating to more permanent forms of migration. By shifting attention to the cities of migration in Asia that operate largely under a regime of temporary migration, we foreground the twin concepts of enclavisation and enclosure not as fixed entities but as ongoing spatial-temporal strategies of disciplinary power with uneven consequences for migrant life and labour in the city. Set within the context of Singapore, we draw on qualitative interviews with two groups of transient migrant workers – male construction workers and female domestic workers – to examine two sets of conjoined processes underpinning their spatial containment in the city-state: ground-driven enclavisation or the formation of ‘weekend enclaves’ /gathering grounds as co-national social spaces of support and comfort zones of co-ethnic belonging; and state-driven enclosure in dormitories or home-workspaces as a set of containment measures in response to gender-differentiated concerns about enclavisation. As spatial–temporal processes that shape the migrant’s place in, and mobility through, the city in highly gendered and disciplined ways, enclavisation and enclosure work in tandem to reinforce the non-integration of low-waged transient migrants in the city.
Monsters among Us: Using Lovecraft Country to Teach about Du Bois and Fanon
Authors: Wyatt Randall
Published: September 2022

This article provides tips on how popular media, specifically that of science fiction and horror, can be utilized in the classroom to elucidate complex concepts concerning race and ethnic relations. Drawing from the television series Lovecraft Country, I highlight how concepts found in the work of authors such as W. E. B. Du Bois and Frantz Fanon are made more interesting and digestible for students at the undergraduate level when presented in films that rely heavily on science fiction and imagination. Reflections are included from students who watched this series in class during weeks where Du Bois and Fanon were required reading, demonstrating the impact the show had on their understanding of the two thinkers specifically and the study of race and ethnicity generally.
Public Attitudes Toward Diversity, Promotion, and Leadership in the U.S. Military
Authors: Ralston Robert , Spindel Jennifer
Published: September 2022

This article explores how the public understands military service and diversity. Using a conjoint survey experiment, we ask respondents to select between two candidates for promotion. We randomly present respondents’ two profiles, which vary the candidates’ gender, race, sexual orientation, marital status, number of years served, number of deployments, combat experience, and branch of the military. We find that respondents do not discount candidates based on their branch of service, gender, race, or marital status. However, respondents do weigh the candidates’ combat experience, number of years served, and number of deployments favorably. Finally, respondents penalize candidates based on their sexual orientation: Homosexual individuals are less likely to be selected for promotion. Furthermore, respondents especially discounted transgender individuals for promotion. Important differences, we show in this article, also exist between conservative and liberal respondents, as well as between male and female respondents.
Arrests, Mental Health Outcomes, and Discharge Status in U.S. Military Veterans: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Barr Nicholas , Kintzle Sara , Lee Justin Jaesung , Mercado Savannah , Castro Carl A.
Published: September 2022

Most U.S. military service members are discharged routinely, but about 15% receive non-routine discharges. Little is known about how patterns of arrests prior-to and in-service relate to neuropsychological symptoms acquired through military service, or how these symptoms and patterns are associated with discharge type. We investigated latent group differences in post-9/11 era veterans’ patterns of arrests; examined mental health-related predictors of subgroup membership; and modeled associations between latent class structure and non-routine discharge. Veterans with traumatic brain injury, alcohol misuse, and post-traumatic stress disorder, had greater odds of belonging to a high-risk vs. low-risk class with the highest probabilities of arrests in-service. The high-risk class had a 45% chance of non-routine discharge compared with 35% for a stable-risk class and 6% for a low-risk class. Veterans with increased probabilities of arrests in-service compared with pre-service showed the highest odds of mental and behavioral health problems and non-routine discharge.
Coaches, Sleighs, and Speed in the Street: “Vehicularization” in Early Modern Amsterdam
Authors: Pierik Bob
Published: September 2022

Throughout urban Europe, the introduction and presence of vehicles in the city caused tensions of safety and scarcity of space. This article discusses the vehicle culture of early modern Amsterdam, where vehicles and their users had no undisputed right to the streets. The current view in the historiography is that regulations that tried to curb wheeled horse-drawn vehicles were ineffective and that the streets rapidly became a vehicular space from the seventeenth century onward. This narrative is reconsidered by differentiating by vehicle type and location within the city. Specific parts of the city formed distinct vehicular spaces, and draft horses carrying sleighs formed an underestimated but important part of early modern street life. This difference between wheeled and non-wheeled vehicles is explored through new empirical observations from notarial attestations, and additional attention is paid to the role of vehicle speed and the gendered nature of early modern vehicle culture.
Safe Spaces for Refugee Women: Towards Cultivating Feminist Solidarity
Authors: Nasr Hala
Published: September 2022

Over the last decade, growing concern over Syrian refugee women and girl’s gendered displacement experiences, including gender-based violence, has led to the proliferation of women and girl safe space interventions across neighbouring countries affected by the Syrian conflict. Though diverse in their design and implementation, some of these safe spaces aim to mobilise aspirations for feminist solidarity and collective action, where women recognise their collective power and work together to transform their gendered social conditions. Drawing on feminist ethnographic research in a safe space primarily targeting Syrian refugee women in Lebanon’s Beqaa valley, I explore several vignettes that complicate dominant feminist myths underlying its mandate. These vignettes reveal that the pursuit of feminist solidarity can neither rely on myths about refugee women’s identities and conditions, nor be taken-for-granted as an organic outcome of group activities. I offer several reflections on what these vignettes can tell us about better working towards cultivating feminist solidarity in safe spaces for refugee women in practice, with the hope that their generative and transformative potential be realised.
Acquisition of Malayalam inflections: Complexity of morphosyntactic rules and its impact on developing grammars
Authors: Krishnan Gayathri G. , Raghunathan Arathi , Sarma Vaijayanthi M.
Published: September 2022

In this article, we present an analysis of the complexity of grammatical constraints and their impact on early language acquisition of inflectional morphemes in Malayalam. We use the natural speech production data of two monolingual children acquiring Malayalam between the ages 1;9–2;10 and 2;3–3;0 and three bilingual children acquiring Malayalam-English between the ages 1;9–2;8, 2;0–3;0 and 1;10–2;11 to recover the underlying grammatical constraints that govern the correct productions as well as errors across monolingual and bilingual contexts. We find rules that reference lexico-semantic properties to be particularly challenging to young children.
Where to from here? Increasing language coverage while building a more diverse discipline
Authors: Kidd Evan , Garcia Rowena
Published: September 2022

Our original target article highlighted some significant shortcomings in the current state of child language research: a large skew in our evidential base towards English and a handful of other Indo-European languages that partly has its origins in a lack of researcher diversity. In this article, we respond to the 21 commentaries on our original article. The commentaries highlighted both the importance of attention to typological features of languages and the environments and contexts in which languages are acquired, with many commentators providing concrete suggestions on how we address the data skew. In this response, we synthesise the main themes of the commentaries and make suggestions for how the field can move towards both improving data coverage and opening up to traditionally under-represented researchers.
The problem-based learning as a pedagogical framework for teaching master of public policy and master of public administration programs in Latin America
Authors: Munoz-del-Campo Norma
Published: September 2022

If the aim of developing public policies is to solve social issues, it is worth asking whether the higher education programs for future public servants are being adapted to the demands of our societies. If we also recognize a relationship between education and political capacity, then it is pertinent to study the development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes promoted by these programs and the appropriate teaching-learning strategies employed. Therefore, this study aims to explore the usefulness of one specific active learning method – problem-based learning (PBL) – for teaching public policy in Latin America: Can the PBL be used as a pedagogical framework for Master of Public Policy (MPP) and Master of Public Administration (MPA) programs?. To tackle this debate, I conducted a content analysis (supported on the software ATLAS.ti) from a corpus of information obtained from two axes: First, from a simple of empirical works on PBL I define this tool, identify its main characteristics, and create three categories to examine the implications of the PBL learning framework on the teaching of public policy & administration (PPA) higher education field. Second, through a simple of the region’s MPP and MPA programs, I identify capacities that these programs intend to install in their students. The findings show the implications of the PBL’s learning framework on the teaching of PPA higher education in this field and reveals the usefulness of this tool for achieving the programs’ teaching-learning outcomes.
Keeping Apart on the Playground: Construction of Informal Segregation on Public Playgrounds in Multiethnic Neighborhoods
Authors: Paajanen Paula , Seppälä Tuija , Stevenson Clifford , Riikonen Reetta , Finell Eerika
Published: September 2022

Informal segregation has been widely studied in various public settings but not on public playgrounds. Drawing on an 11-month ethnography among mothers of young children, we examine how informal segregation is (re)produced on public playgrounds in two ethnically diverse neighborhoods in Finland. Our findings reveal different normative practices. First, normative rhythms and parenting practices structure playground activities by limiting opportunities for contact between ethnic minority and majority groups and producing exclusive spaces. Second, group norms and the seeking of ethnic/racial ingroup members together regulate mothers’ interaction with outgroup mothers on playgrounds; mothers are inclined toward their ingroup while outgroup mothers are often ignored, resulting in only illusory contact. Based on our analysis, we argue that by better understanding the normative roots of segregation, more comprehensive and effective interventions can be designed to facilitate positive contact in this population.
Praxis as the unfolding of poiesis: Renewing the normativity of labor for critical theory
Authors: Suriano Ben
Published: September 2022

If critical theory is to challenge capitalism’s corrosive commodification of labor and nature, then it should renew a sense of labor as a real bodily power with an internal telos, along the lines of an Aristotelian normativity of praxis. Recent thought however either rejects normativity altogether, or pits normative praxis against labor uncritically reduced to its commodification. Habermas’s work provides an exemplary case of the latter. While he rightly found the ‘production paradigm’ of normativity problematic, his acceptance of the reified form of labor as total led to a severe divorce of praxis from the emerging contents of the body and nature. Although Aristotle also separated praxis from poiesis, his thought nevertheless harbors views of their dialectical integration without falling into the problematic production paradigm. Here the normativity of praxis emerges from poiesis understood non-reductively as the form of the self-organizing body already transforming nature and itself toward higher interactions.
From Despair to Glory, and Back: The Rags to Riches to Rags Story of Antonio Cervantes, Kid Pambelé
Authors: Fernández L’Hoeste Héctor
Published: September 2022

Born on December 23, 1945, in the village of San Basilio de Palenque, Antonio Cervantes, aka Kid Pambelé, epitomizes the extreme nature of the marginalization of the population of African descent in Colombia. His career evinces the extent to which social and cultural conditions inhibit sustained prosperity among Afro-Colombians, condemning them to structural poverty. Cervantes was the first Colombian boxing international champion, successfully defending his title 16 times while keeping it for almost eight years throughout the 1970s. Following the writings of Ignacio Ellacuría, this text argues that Cervantes's experience embodies the structural failings of a system bent on violence against Afro-descendants. His story is one of martyrdom, sacrificed for the sake of a society unwilling to address underlying inequities and collective prejudice.
Theileriosis in naturally infected roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus)
Authors: Clift Sarah J. , Martí-Garcia Bernat , Lawrence John A. , Mitchell Emily P. , Fehrsen Jeanni , Martínez Jorge , Williams June H. , Steyl Johan C. A.
Published: September 2022

Cases of Theileria-associated mortality are rarely reported in African wild artiodactyls. Descriptions of lesions are limited, particularly in endangered hippotraginids. Here, we analyzed retrospectively the gross and histologic findings in 55 roan antelope ( Hippotragus equinus) with fatal natural theileriosis. The most frequently recorded gross findings in 40 cases were widespread petechiae and ecchymoses (72.5%), probable anemia (67.5%), icterus (60%), splenomegaly (60%), hepatomegaly (52.5%), and pulmonary edema (50%). Histologic lesions in 34 cases were characterized by multi-organ infiltrates of parasitized and nonparasitized mononuclear leukocytes (MLs), and fewer multinucleate giant cells (MNGCs). Liver, lung, kidney, adrenal gland, and heart were most consistently infiltrated, followed by spleen and lymph nodes. Leukocytes were phenotyped in lung, liver, kidney, and heart specimens from 16 cases, using immunohistochemistry to detect CD20, CD3, myeloid/histiocyte antigen (MAC387), IBA-1, and CD204 surface receptors. A roan polyclonal anti- Theileria sp. (sable) antibody was applied to the same tissues to identify intraleukocytic parasite antigens. Similar proportions of intravascular and extravascular IBA-1-, CD204-, and MAC387-reactive putative monocyte-macrophages and fewer CD3-positive putative T-lymphocytes were identified in all organs, especially the lungs in infected roan. CD20-positive putative B-lymphocytes were significantly scarcer than in uninfected controls. Intraleukocytic Theileria parasites labeled consistently in affected tissues. Some parasitized and nonparasitized MLs and the MNGCs failed to label with selected leukocyte markers. Fatal theileriosis in roans may largely be the result of multi-organ monocyte-macrophage activation with associated tissue injury and overwhelming systemic inflammation. The identity of the parasitized leukocytes and characteristics of the lymphohistiocytic response require further clarification in roans.
Multiadaptive Spatiotemporal Flow Graph Neural Network for Traffic Speed Forecasting
Authors: Xu Yaobin , Liu Weitang , Mao Tingyun , Jiang Zhongyi , Chen Lili , Zhou Mingwei
Published: September 2022

Traffic speed forecasting plays an important role in intelligent traffic monitoring systems. Existing methods mostly predefine a fixed adjacency matrix to capture the spatial correlation between sensors in a traffic network. However, there are multiple hidden spatial correlations between sensors. A single fixed adjacency matrix cannot adaptively capture multiple spatial correlations. To overcome this limitation, we proposed a novel multiadaptive spatiotemporal flow graph neural network (MAF-GNN) for traffic speed forecasting. Specifically, MAF-GNN mainly consists of a multiadaptive adjacency matrix mechanism and a spatiotemporal flow mechanism. The multiadaptive adjacency matrix mechanism was proposed to adaptively capture multiple hidden spatial correlations between sensors. The spatiotemporal flow mechanism was proposed to further enhance the capture of temporal and spatial correlations. The experimental results on two real-world traffic datasets, METR-LA and PeMS-Bay, demonstrated the superiority of MAF-GNN. MAF-GNN outperformed baseline models in 1-h ahead forecasting.
Stakeholders, Relationships, and Coordination: 2015 Baseline Study of Needed Enablers for Bridging Agriculture-Nutrition Gaps in Nigeria
Authors: Adeyemi Olutayo , Ajieroh Victor , Umunna Larry , Aminu Francis , Onabolu Adeyinka
Published: September 2022

Background:

Renewed efforts by the Nigerian government to address malnutrition have led to nutrition actions by several sectors, including the agriculture sector. However, the success of these actions depends on the characteristics of the stakeholders involved, including their relationships and coordination.

Objective:

This article reports a 2015 study of nutrition-sensitive agricultural stakeholders in Nigeria that assessed what the stakeholders do, where they work and how they are organized to improve nutrition. The study provides a baseline for assessing progress and measuring stakeholder and coordination changes in the Nigerian nutrition-sensitive agriculture landscape.

Methods:

Semi-structured interviews (n = 17) and focus group discussions (n = 2) were held with federal, state, and local government level stakeholders; reviews of stakeholder program documents were also conducted.

Results:

The study identified 7 groups of nutrition-sensitive agriculture stakeholders and several coordination challenges. Political leadership, advocacy and provision of material and human resource support by nongovernmental organizations, and donor interest and funding have been vital for mobilizing nutrition-sensitive agriculture. Still, although stakeholders frequently highlighted that nutrition was an important consideration in their interventions, nutrition goals and activities and/or indicators to measure outcomes were not regularly communicated. Also, while coordination mechanisms existed, there appeared to be minimal actual cross-sectoral partnerships because of inadequate trust, competition, and conflicts over institutional turf and mandates.

Conclusions:

Needed enablers for improving nutrition-sensitive agriculture in Nigeria included improved stakeholder nutrition literacy, as well as enhanced stakeholder engagement facilitated by role definition, clarification, and consensus. Exploring different approaches to coordination may also be necessary.
Fluoroscopy-free RIRS on the second session after ureteral stent placement
Authors: Bozkurt Muammer , Seker Kamil Gokhan
Published: September 2022

Aim:

Fluoroscopy is used in some stages of the conventional Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) procedure and is beneficial. On the other hand, radiation exposure is its most obvious disadvantage. As a subgroup, we aimed to show that fluoroscopy-free technique is safe and effective in patients who underwent RIRS after passive dilatation.

Materials and methods:

Between October 2018 and April 2020, 54 cases of second session RIRS of renal stones performed by a single surgeon were retrospectively evaluated. Patients’ demographic characteristics (age, gender), stone features (laterality, size, number, volume, and location), mean operative time, and, perioperative and postoperative complications, as well as the stone-free rate (SFR), were all retrospectively evaluated. The results were classified as stone free, clinical insignificant residual fragments (CIRF), and presence of residual stones. Complications were graded using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. We used a modified surgical technique.

Results:

All of complications were minor. There were no major complications (Clavien grade III–IV). The stone-free rate was 70.3% (38/54) on the first day after surgery and 83.3% (45/54) 1 month afterward, respectively. If we accept the absence of residual stone as success, we can say that it is about 91% successful in the first month.

Conclusion:

This technique has a high stone-free success rate and a low complication rate without the use of radiation. For surgeons experienced in endourology, we can say that the fluoroscopy-free technique is safe and effective in secondary-session RIRS cases which passive dilatation was performed by inserting a ureteral catheter before.
It Gave Me Somebody Else to Think About Besides Myself: Caring Callers Volunteer Experiences With a Telephone-Based Reassurance Program for Socially Isolated Older Adults
Authors: Fields Noelle L. , Lee Kathy , Cassidy Jessica , Kunz-Lomelin Alan , Stringfellow Mary K. , Feinhals Gretchen
Published: September 2022

The Caring Callers Program was developed as a telephone-based intervention utilizing Senior Companion volunteers to reach older adults at greater risk for loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic. This pilot program consisted of trained volunteers who provided supportive, weekly calls as well as community resources with their Caring Callers clients. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore the experiences of Senior Companion volunteers in the Caring Callers Program through the lens of productive aging. We completed semi-structured interviews with 18 Caring Callers volunteers. We used Rapid and Rigorous Qualitative Date Analysis (RADaR) which yielded four themes: (1) reciprocity; (2) purposeful use of time; (3) learning new skills; and (4) gaining perspective. Our findings provide insight for gerontological researchers examining volunteering as a productive aging activity and offer strategies for designing peer-led, telephone-based interventions to promote social connectedness in an unprecedented time.
The Relationship between Walkability and Place Attachment and the Mediating Role of Neighborhood-Based Social Interaction
Authors: van den Berg Pauline E.W. , Liao Bojing , Gorissen Steef , van Wesemael P.J.V. , Arentze Theo A.
Published: September 2022

This study aims to provide insights in the relation between neighborhood walkability and place attachment and the mediating role of (satisfaction with) social interaction. Both objective and perceived walkability are tested. To analyze these relations, two structural equation models are estimated on data collected among 251 residents of different neighborhoods across the Netherlands. The results show that perceived neighborhood walkability is a stronger predictor of place attachment than objective walkability. Perceived walkability has both a positive direct effect on place attachment and an indirect effect, via neighborhood-based social interaction. Objective walkability only has a positive direct effect on place attachment.
Informal Help-Seeking in Moments of Acute Danger: Intimate Partner Violence Survivors’ Emergency Outreach Efforts and the Forces That Shape Them
Authors: Goodman Lisa A. , Epstein Deborah , Nnawulezi Nkiru , Zhang Emily , Hailes Helen , Slocum Allison
Published: September 2022

Heightened attention to police brutality has created momentum for alternative, community-based responses to violence, including that inflicted by an intimate partner. But to build effective alternatives, we must know what survivors already do in moments of acute danger when they do not call the police. This study sought to explore these moments from an ecological perspective. Using a qualitative descriptive methodology, we conducted 25 interviews with a diverse sample of intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors. Each described the first, the worst, and the most recent IPV incident, whom they reached out to and why, the outcomes of their help-seeking, and the individual, interpersonal, and psychosocial influences on the process. Even in the face of severe violence, what participants most wanted was someone who would listen without judgment. Direct interpersonal factors that influenced their help-seeking included their partner’s controlling behavior, as well as their network members’ capacities, perspectives on IPV, and feelings about the survivor. Broader influential factors included the radiating effects of IPV and other forms of trauma in survivors’ networks. Participants offered recommendations on how domestic violence (DV) programs could both strengthen survivors’ networks and provide them with targeted community support in moments of grave danger. As we continue to develop community-based alternatives to police intervention, DV programs have a critical opportunity to build on survivors’ own recommendations. This process must address the ongoing effects of trauma that hamper the ability of so many network members to support survivors in crisis.
Bottom-up Content Convergence Phenomena in Socialist Cultural Economies: The Case of Premodern Story Universes of Romanian Film and Music
Authors: Parvulescu Constantin , Copilaș Emanuel
Published: September 2022

Our article focuses on an instance of cross-media content convergence in state-socialist cultural economies. We deliver a cultural studies intervention addressing the hybrid nature of the cultural economies of the former Soviet Bloc. We show that this instance of convergence was not the effect of a top-down imposition of a policy of state-socialist power, but rather a bottom-up phenomenon, triggered by artistic and economic interests and more specific to capitalism. These interests respond to consumer demand, competition, and box-office success. We borrow the concept of convergence from the writings of Henry Jenkins. Our case study explores a synergy of content between cinema and rock music in 1970s Romania, generating evidence by means of close readings and exploration of reception and production information. Under scrutiny are the adventure film The Immortals (Sergiu Nicolaescu, Romania, 1975) and the music and public presentation of the Romanian band Phoenix. We argue that the inclusion of Phoenix’s music in the soundtrack of the film is a key testimony to bottom-up convergence, marking a synergy of discourses that independently developed the same story universe. We show that this synergy took place because the two discourses had the potential to boost each other’s artistic and economic performance.