bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlled division of cell-sized vesicles by low densities of membrane-bound proteins
Authors: Steinkühler Jan , Knorr Roland L. , Zhao Ziliang , Bhatia Tripta , Bartelt Solveig M. , Wegner Seraphine , Dimova Rumiana , Lipowsky Reinhard
Published: February 2020

The proliferation of life on earth is based on the ability of single cells to divide into two daughter cells. During cell division, the plasma membrane undergoes a series of morphological transformations which ultimately lead to membrane fission. Here, we show that analogous remodeling processes can be induced by low densities of proteins bound to the membranes of cell-sized lipid vesicles. Using His-tagged fluorescent proteins, we are able to precisely control the spontaneous curvature of the vesicle membranes. By fine-tuning this curvature, we obtain dumbbell-shaped vesicles with closed membrane necks as well as neck fission and complete vesicle division. Our results demonstrate that the spontaneous curvature generates constriction forces around the membrane necks and that these forces can easily cover the force range found in vivo. Our approach involves only one species of membrane-bound proteins at low densities, thereby providing a simple and extendible module for bottom-up synthetic biology.
Inflammation mobilizes copper metabolism to promote colon tumorigenesis via an IL-17-STEAP4-XIAP axis
Authors: Liao Yun , Zhao Junjie , Bulek Katarzyna , Tang Fangqiang , Chen Xing , Cai Gang , Jia Shang , Fox Paul L. , Huang Emina , Pizarro Theresa T. , Kalady Matthew F. , Jackson Mark W. , Bao Shideng , Sen Ganes C. , Stark George R. , Chang Christopher J. , Li Xiaoxia
Published: February 2020

Copper levels are known to be elevated in inflamed and malignant tissues. But the mechanism underlying this selective enrichment has been elusive. In this study, we report a axis by which inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17, drive cellular copper uptake via the induction of a metalloreductase, STEAP4. IL-17-induced elevated intracellular copper level leads to the activation of an E3-ligase, XIAP, which potentiates IL-17-induced NFκB activation and suppresses the caspase 3 activity. Importantly, this IL-17-induced STEAP4-dependent cellular copper uptake is critical for colon tumor formation in a murine model of colitis-associated tumorigenesis and STEAP4 expression correlates with IL-17 level and XIAP activation in human colon cancer. In summary, this study reveals a IL-17-STEAP4-XIAP axis through which the inflammatory response induces copper uptake, promoting colon tumorigenesis.
Self-assembled conjoined-cages
Authors: Samantray Sagarika , Krishnaswamy Shobhana , Chand Dillip K.
Published: February 2020

A self-assembled coordination cage usually possesses one well-defined three-dimensional (3D) cavity whereas infinite number of 3D-cavities are crafted in a designer metal-organic framework. Construction of a discrete coordination cage possessing multiple number of 3D-cavities is a challenging task. Here we report the peripheral decoration of a trinuclear [Pd3L6] core with one, two and three units of a [Pd2L4] entity for the preparation of multi-3D-cavity conjoined-cages of [Pd4(La)2(Lb)4], [Pd5(Lb)4(Lc)2] and [Pd6(Lc)6] formulations, respectively. Formation of the tetranuclear and pentanuclear complexes is attributed to the favorable integrative self-sorting of the participating components. Cage-fusion reactions and ligand-displacement-induced cage-to-cage transformation reactions are carried out using appropriately chosen ligand components and cages prepared in this work. The smaller [Pd2L4] cavity selectively binds one unit of NO3−, F−, Cl− or Br− while the larger [Pd3L6] cavity accommodates up to four DMSO molecules. Designing aspects of our conjoined-cages possess enough potential to inspire construction of exotic molecular architectures.
Optoacoustic brain stimulation at submillimeter spatial precision
Authors: Jiang Ying , Lee Hyeon Jeong , Lan Lu , Tseng Hua-an , Yang Chen , Man Heng-Ye , Han Xue , Cheng Ji-Xin
Published: February 2020

Low-intensity ultrasound is an emerging modality for neuromodulation. Yet, transcranial neuromodulation using low-frequency piezo-based transducers offers poor spatial confinement of excitation volume, often bigger than a few millimeters in diameter. In addition, the bulky size limits their implementation in a wearable setting and prevents integration with other experimental modalities. Here, we report spatially confined optoacoustic neural stimulation through a miniaturized Fiber-Optoacoustic Converter (FOC). The FOC has a diameter of 600 μm and generates omnidirectional ultrasound wave locally at the fiber tip through the optoacoustic effect. We show that the acoustic wave generated by FOC can directly activate individual cultured neurons and generate intracellular Ca2+ transients. The FOC activates neurons within a radius of 500 μm around the fiber tip, delivering superior spatial resolution over conventional piezo-based low-frequency transducers. Finally, we demonstrate direct and spatially confined neural stimulation of mouse brain and modulation of motor activity in vivo.
Exceptional subgenome stability and functional divergence in the allotetraploid Ethiopian cereal teff
Authors: VanBuren Robert , Man Wai Ching , Wang Xuewen , Pardo Jeremy , Yocca Alan E. , Wang Hao , Chaluvadi Srinivasa R. , Han Guomin , Bryant Douglas , Edger Patrick P. , Messing Joachim , Sorrells Mark E. , Mockler Todd C. , Bennetzen Jeffrey L. , Michael Todd P.
Published: February 2020

Teff (Eragrostis tef) is a cornerstone of food security in the Horn of Africa, where it is prized for stress resilience, grain nutrition, and market value. Here, we report a chromosome-scale assembly of allotetraploid teff (variety Dabbi) and patterns of subgenome dynamics. The teff genome contains two complete sets of homoeologous chromosomes, with most genes maintaining as syntenic gene pairs. TE analysis allows us to estimate that the teff polyploidy event occurred ~1.1 million years ago (mya) and that the two subgenomes diverged ~5.0 mya. Despite this divergence, we detect no large-scale structural rearrangements, homoeologous exchanges, or biased gene loss, in contrast to many other allopolyploids. The two teff subgenomes have partitioned their ancestral functions based on divergent expression across a diverse expression atlas. Together, these genomic resources will be useful for accelerating breeding of this underutilized grain crop and for fundamental insights into polyploid genome evolution.
Structure of formylpeptide receptor 2-Gi complex reveals insights into ligand recognition and signaling
Authors: Zhuang Youwen , Liu Heng , Edward Zhou X. , Kumar Verma Ravi , de Waal Parker W. , Jang Wonjo , Xu Ting-Hai , Wang Lei , Meng Xing , Zhao Gongpu , Kang Yanyong , Melcher Karsten , Fan Hao , Lambert Nevin A. , Eric Xu H. , Zhang Cheng
Published: February 2020

Formylpeptide receptors (FPRs) as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can recognize formylpeptides derived from pathogens or host cells to function in host defense and cell clearance. In addition, FPRs, especially FPR2, can also recognize other ligands with a large chemical diversity generated at different stages of inflammation to either promote or resolve inflammation in order to maintain a balanced inflammatory response. The mechanism underlying promiscuous ligand recognition and activation of FPRs is not clear. Here we report a cryo-EM structure of FPR2-Gisignaling complex with a peptide agonist. The structure reveals a widely open extracellular region with an amphiphilic environment for ligand binding. Together with computational docking and simulation, the structure suggests a molecular basis for the recognition of formylpeptides and a potential mechanism of receptor activation, and reveals conserved and divergent features in Gicoupling. Our results provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of the functional promiscuity of FPRs.
Mutations in the HPV16 genome induced by APOBEC3 are associated with viral clearance
Authors: Zhu Bin , Xiao Yanzi , Yeager Meredith , Clifford Gary , Wentzensen Nicolas , Cullen Michael , Boland Joseph F. , Bass Sara , Steinberg Mia K. , Raine-Bennett Tina , Lee DongHyuk , Burk Robert D. , Pinheiro Maisa , Song Lei , Dean Michael , Nelson Chase W. , Burdett Laurie , Yu Kai , Roberson David , Lorey Thomas , Franceschi Silvia , Castle Philip E. , Walker Joan , Zuna Rosemary , Schiffman Mark , Mirabello Lisa
Published: February 2020

HPV16 causes half of cervical cancers worldwide; for unknown reasons, most infections resolve within two years. Here, we analyze the viral genomes of 5,328 HPV16-positive case-control samples to investigate mutational signatures and the role of human APOBEC3-induced mutations in viral clearance and cervical carcinogenesis. We identify four de novo mutational signatures, one of which matches the COSMIC APOBEC-associated signature 2. The viral genomes of the precancer/cancer cases are less likely to contain within-host somatic HPV16 APOBEC3-induced mutations (Fisher’s exact test,P= 6.2 x 10−14), and have a 30% lower nonsynonymous APOBEC3 mutation burden compared to controls. We replicate the low prevalence of HPV16 APOBEC3-induced mutations in 1,749 additional cases. APOBEC3 mutations also historically contribute to the evolution of HPV16 lineages. We demonstrate that cervical infections with a greater burden of somatic HPV16 APOBEC3-induced mutations are more likely to be benign or subsequently clear, suggesting they may reduce persistence, and thus progression, within the host.
Whole-cell imaging of plasma membrane receptors by 3D lattice light-sheet dSTORM
Authors: Wäldchen Felix , Schlegel Jan , Götz Ralph , Luciano Michael , Schnermann Martin , Doose Sören , Sauer Markus
Published: February 2020

The molecular organization of receptors in the plasma membrane of cells is paramount for their functionality. We combined lattice light-sheet (LLS) microscopy with three-dimensional (3D) single-molecule localization microscopy (dSTORM) and single-particle tracking to quantify the expression and distribution, and mobility of CD56 receptors on whole fixed and living cells, finding that CD56 accumulated at cell–cell interfaces. For comparison, we investigated two other receptors, CD2 and CD45, which showed different expression levels and distributions in the plasma membrane. Overall, 3D-LLS-dSTORM enabled imaging and single-particle tracking of plasma membrane receptors with single-molecule sensitivity unperturbed by surface effects. Our results demonstrate that receptor distribution and mobility are largely unaffected by contact to the coverslip but the measured localization densities are in general lower at the basal plasma membrane due to partial limited accessibility for antibodies.
Controlled depolymerization of cellulose by light-driven lytic polysaccharide oxygenases
Authors: Bissaro Bastien , Kommedal Eirik , Røhr Åsmund K. , Eijsink Vincent G. H.
Published: February 2020

Lytic polysaccharide (mono)oxygenases (LPMOs) perform oxidative cleavage of polysaccharides, and are key enzymes in biomass processing and the global carbon cycle. It has been shown that LPMO reactions may be driven by light, using photosynthetic pigments or photocatalysts, but the mechanism behind this highly attractive catalytic route remains unknown. Here, prompted by the discovery that LPMOs catalyze a peroxygenase reaction more efficiently than a monooxygenase reaction, we revisit these light-driven systems, using an LPMO from Streptomyces coelicolor (ScAA10C) as model cellulolytic enzyme. By using coupled enzymatic assays, we show that H2O2 is produced and necessary for efficient light-driven activity of ScAA10C. Importantly, this activity is achieved without addition of reducing agents and proportional to the light intensity. Overall, the results highlight the importance of controlling fluxes of reactive oxygen species in LPMO reactions and demonstrate the feasibility of light-driven, tunable enzymatic peroxygenation to degrade recalcitrant polysaccharides.
Mesenchymal stromal cell derived CCL2 is required for accelerated wound healing
Authors: Whelan Derek S. , Caplice Noel M. , Clover Anthony J. P.
Published: February 2020

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have immunomodulatory effects impacting macrophages, promoting polarisation towards a reparative phenotype. CCL2 is a potent cytokine involved in the recruitment of macrophages. We hypothesised that MSC derived CCL2 may be involved in the MSC therapeutic effect by facilitating macrophage repolarisation. To further delineate this mechanism, MSC isolated from CCL2 deficient mice (MSC-KO) were applied to excisional wounds in wild-type (WT) mice. CCL2 deficiency in MSC completely abrogated the therapeutic response compared to MSC-WT. MSC-KO were unable to repolarise macrophages to the same extent as WT and this was accompanied by a reduced angiogenesis and re-epithelialisation of the wounds at day 10. This study demonstrates that MSC derived CCL2 is required for MSC induced accelerated wound healing. The role of CCL2 in the interaction between MSC and Macrophages has not been previously demonstrated in accelerated wound healing. CCL2 has a potent effect on the ability to reduce the inflammatory response through local recruitment of macrophages. This research highlights CCL2 as a possible target for augmentation of MSC therapy to enhance therapeutic potential.
Association between physical activity and Nocturnal Leg Cramps in patients over 60 years old: a case-control study
Authors: Delacour Chloé , Chambe Juliette , Lefebvre François , Bodot Claire , Bigerel Elodie , Epifani Laetitia , Granda Céline , Haller Dagmar M. , Maisonneuve Hubert
Published: February 2020

Nocturnal Legs Cramps are a frequent disorder, which have a negative impact on quality of life, particularly among patients over 60 years old. Lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption have been shown to be associated with Nocturnal Leg Cramps. This study aimed to explore the association between nocturnal leg cramps and a sedentary lifestyle among elderly patients. A case-control study was conducted with a Bayesian approach for sensitivity analysis. Patients over 60 years old consulting their family doctor were recruited in the Alsace region, France. Cases were matched with controls free from cramps for age, sex, medical history and medications known to trigger cramps. The level of physical activity was assessed using the Dijon Physical Activity Score (DPAS). We performed univariate and multivariate analyses adjusting for alcohol consumption. 272 participants were matched into 136 pairs. 11% of all were sedentary persons. Adjusting for alcohol consumption, we observed an association between Nocturnal Leg Cramps and a sedentary lifestyle OR = 9.84 (95% credibility interval [1.74; 101.9]; posterior probability 99.68%). Our findings represent an additional argument to promote physical activity to patients over 60 years old. They also highlight the need to develop and evaluate physical activity interventions in the treatment of Nocturnal Legs Cramps.
Root Physiological Traits and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal that Root Zone Water Retention Confers Drought Tolerance to Opisthopappus taihangensis
Authors: Yang Yongjuan , Guo Yanhong , Zhong Jian , Zhang Tengxun , Li Dawei , Ba Tingting , Xu Ting , Chang Lina , Zhang Qixiang , Sun Ming
Published: February 2020

Opisthopappus taihangensis (Ling) Shih, as a relative of chrysanthemum, mainly survives on the cracks of steep slopes and cliffs. Due to the harsh environment in which O. taihangensis lives, it has evolved strong adaptive traits to drought stress. The root system first perceives soil water deficiency, triggering a multi-pronged response mechanism to maintain water potential; however, the drought tolerance mechanism of O. taihangensis roots remains unclear. Therefore, roots were selected as materials to explore the physiological and molecular responsive mechanisms. We found that the roots had a stronger water retention capacity than the leaves. This result was attributed to ABA accumulation, which promoted an increased accumulation of proline and trehalose to maintain cell osmotic pressure, activated SOD and POD to scavenge ROS to protect root cell membrane structure and induced suberin depositions to minimize water backflow to dry soil. Transcriptome sequencing analyses further confirmed that O. taihangensis strongly activated genes involved in the ABA signalling pathway, osmolyte metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activity and biosynthesis of suberin monomer. Overall, these results not only will provide new insights into the drought response mechanisms of O. taihangensis but also will be helpful for future drought breeding programmes of chrysanthemum.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote the growth of plants in the mining associated clay
Authors: Song Ziheng , Bi Yinli , Zhang Jian , Gong Yunli , Yang Huihui
Published: February 2020

It is urgent to restore the ecological function in open-pit mining areas on grassland in Eastern China. The open-pit mines have abundant of mining associated clay, which is desirable for using as a soil source for ecological restoration. The mining associated clay in Hulunbuir district, Inner Mongolia was selected and mixed with a sandy soil at a ratio of 1:1 (S_C soil). Also, effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on soil functions were studied. The aboveground and underground biomass of maize in S_C soil was 1.49 and 2.41 times higher than that of clay soil, respectively. In the topsoil and S_C soil, the growth hormone (IAA) and cytokinin (CTK) levels of maize were higher than that of clay, while abscission acid (ABA) levels were lower. The inoculation with AMF could significantly improve the biomass of maize and enhance the stress resistance of plants. Through structural equation model (SEM) analyses, it was found that the soil type and AMF inoculation had the most direct impact on maize growth and biomass content. These finds extend our knowledge regarding a low-cost method for physical and biological improvement of mining associated clay, and to provide theoretical support for large-scale application in the future.
Matrix protease production, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition marker expression and invasion of glioblastoma cells in response to osmotic or hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Pu Wenjun , Qiu Jiawen , Riggins Gregory J. , Parat Marie-Odile
Published: February 2020

Both hydrostatic and osmotic pressures are altered in the tumour microenvironment. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a brain tumour with high invasiveness and poor prognosis. We hypothesized that physical and osmotic forces regulate glioblastoma (GBM) invasiveness. The osmotic pressure of GBM cell culture medium was adjusted using sodium chloride or water. Alternatively, cells were subjected to increased hydrostatic force. The proteolytic profile and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) were investigated using zymography and real-time qPCR. The EMT markers assessed were Snail-1, Snail-2, N-cadherin, Twist and vimentin. Invasion was investigated in vitro using extracellular matrix-coated Transwell inserts. In response to osmotic and mechanical pressure, GBM cell lines U87 and U251 and patient-derived neural oncospheres upregulated the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and/or matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as well as some of the EMT markers tested. The adherent cell lines invaded more when placed in media of increased osmolality. Therefore, GBM respond to osmotic or mechanical pressure by increasing matrix degrading enzyme production, and adopting a phenotype reminiscent of EMT. Better understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which increased pressure promotes GBM invasiveness may help to develop innovative therapeutic approaches.
Healthcare utilization among children and young people with life-limiting conditions: Exploring palliative care needs using National Health Insurance claims data
Authors: Kim Cho Hee , Song In Gyu , Kim Min Sun , Lee Jin Yong , Lim Nam Gu , Shin Hee Young
Published: February 2020

Paediatric palliative care (PPC) is regarded as standard care for children and young people (CYP) with life-limiting conditions (LLCs). There is a lack of knowledge about the rate of CYP with LLCs, hampering the development of PPC. This retrospective study aimed to examine population-based statistics of South Korean CYP with LLCs and the pattern of healthcare use and costs in their last year of life, analysing the National Health Insurance Service claims database for the period 2013–2015. In 2015, the number of CYP (≤24 years old) living with LLCs was 133,177, with those who died accounting for 1,032. Prevalence of LLC and mortality rate per 100,000 were highest among under-1-age group (2,151.7 and 82.7, respectively). In the last year of life, 91.8% of deceased CYP with LLCs were hospitalized at least once and the average length of stay was 101.2 days (standard deviation = 104.1). Deceased CYP with cancer spent more on healthcare than non-cancer CYP (64,266 vs. 40,694 US dollar, p < 0.001). The average relevance index for CYP death related to LLCs was 55.9%. Our results provide baseline information on healthcare utilization and expenditure among CYP with LLCs, which is crucial data for designing evidence-based PPC policy and services.
Small-scale mechanical behavior of a eutectic high entropy alloy
Authors: Muskeri Saideep , Hasannaeimi Vahid , Salloom Riyadh , Sadeghilaridjani Maryam , Mukherjee Sundeep
Published: February 2020

Eutectic high entropy alloys, with lamellar arrangement of solid solution phases, represent a new paradigm for simultaneously achieving high strength and ductility, thereby circumventing this well-known trade-off in conventional alloys. However, dynamic strengthening mechanisms and phase-boundary interactions during external loading remain unclear for these eutectic systems. In this study, small-scale mechanical behavior was evaluated for AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high entropy alloy, consisting of a lamellar arrangement of L12 and B2 solid-solution phases. The ultimate tensile strength was 1165 MPa with ductility of ~18% and ultimate compressive strength was 1863 MPa with a total compressive fracture strain of ~34%. Dual mode fracture was observed with ductile failure for L12 phase and brittle mode for B2 phase. Phase-specific mechanical tests using nano-indentation and micro-pillar compression showed higher hardness and strength and larger strain rate sensitivity for B2 compared with L12. Micro-pillars on B2 phase deformed by plastic barreling while L12 micro-pillars showed high density of slip steps due to activation of more slip systems and homogenous plastic flow. Mixed micro-pillars containing both the phases exhibited dual yielding behavior while the interface between L12 and B2 was well preserved without any sign of separation or cracking. Phase-specific friction analysis revealed higher coefficient of friction for B2 compared to L12. These results will pave the way for fundamental understanding of phase-specific contribution to bulk mechanical response of concentrated alloys and help in designing structural materials with high fracture toughness.
Essential oils against bacterial isolates from cystic fibrosis patients by means of antimicrobial and unsupervised machine learning approaches
Authors: Ragno Rino , Papa Rosanna , Patsilinakos Alexandros , Vrenna Gianluca , Garzoli Stefania , Tuccio Vanessa , Fiscarelli ErsiliaVita , Selan Laura , Artini Marco
Published: February 2020

Recurrent and chronic respiratory tract infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients result in progressive lung damage and represent the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the earliest bacteria in CF infants and children. Starting from early adolescence, patients become chronically infected with Gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is the most relevant and recurring. Intensive use of antimicrobial drugs to fight lung infections inevitably leads to the onset of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. New antimicrobial compounds should be identified to overcome antibiotic resistance in these patients. Recently interesting data were reported in literature on the use of natural derived compounds that inhibited in vitro S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacterial growth. Essential oils, among these, seemed to be the most promising. In this work is reported an extensive study on 61 essential oils (EOs) against a panel of 40 clinical strains isolated from CF patients. To reduce the in vitro procedure and render the investigation as convergent as possible, machine learning clusterization algorithms were firstly applied to pick-up a fewer number of representative strains among the panel of 40. This approach allowed us to easily identify three EOs able to strongly inhibit bacterial growth of all bacterial strains. Interestingly, the EOs antibacterial activity is completely unrelated to the antibiotic resistance profile of each strain. Taking into account the results obtained, a clinical use of EOs could be suggested.
Scanning laser optical tomography resolves developmental neurotoxic effects on pioneer neurons
Authors: Bode Karsten , Nolte Lena , Kamin Hannes , Desens Michael , Ulmann Arthur , Bergmann Gregor A. , Betker Philine , Reitmeier Jennifer , Ripken Tammo , Stern Michael , Meyer Heiko , Bicker Gerd
Published: February 2020

Developmental neurotoxic compounds impair the developing human nervous system at lower doses than those affecting adults. Standardized test methods for assessing developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) require the use of high numbers of laboratory animals. Here, we use a novel assay that is based on the development of an intact insect embryo in serum-free culture. Neural pathways in the leg of embryonic locusts are established by a pair of afferent pioneer neurons, extending axons along a well-defined pathway to the central nervous system. After exposure to test chemicals, we analyze pioneer neuron shape with conventional fluorescence microscopy and compare it to 3D images, obtained by scanning laser optical tomography (SLOT) and processed by a segmentation algorithm. The segmented SLOT images resolve the 3D structure of the pioneers, recognize pathfinding defects and are thus advantageous for detecting DNT-positive compounds. The defects in axon elongation and pathfinding of pioneer axons caused by two DNT-positive reference compounds (methylmercury chloride; sodium(meta)arsenite) are compared to the biochemically measured general viability of the embryo. Using conventional fluorescence microscopy to establish concentration-response curves of axon elongation, we show that this assay identifies methylmercury chloride and the pro-apoptotic compound staurosporine as developmental neurotoxicants.
Femtosecond Laser-assisted Preparation of Conjunctival Autograft for Pterygium Surgery
Authors: Liu Yu-Chi , Ji Angel Jung Se , Tan Tien-En , Fuest Matthias , Mehta Jodhbir S.
Published: February 2020

Femtosecond laser-assisted conjunctival autografts (CAG) preparation was recently proposed. This study reports the outcomes of the first clinical trial on the use of laser to prepare CAG in pterygium surgery, and to compare the outcomes with those of manual technique. Forty eyes undergoing primary pterygium excision with laser-assisted CAG transplantation were prospectively included (L group). Two historical matched cohorts whose CAGs were prepared manually were compared (n = 78 eyes by the same experienced surgeon, M group; n = 78 eyes by trainees; TM group). We found the laser-created CAGs had only 11 μm deviation from the targeted thickness. The best-corrected visual acuity improved, and the astigmatism significantly decreased after surgery, with comparable efficacy across 3 groups. The 1-year recurrence rate was 2.5%, 3.8% and 7.7% in the L, M and TM groups, respectively (P = 0.12). There was no significant difference between the L and M groups in the complication rate (5.0% and 1.3%, respectively), surgical time (19.4 ± 5.1 and 19.1 ± 6.2 minutes, respectively), and postoperative discomfort scores (0.1 ± 0.3 and 0.2 ± 0.3, respectively), but these outcomes were significantly less favorable in the TM group. The results of this first comparative clinical trial suggest that femtosecond laser-assisted CAG preparation can be considered as an alternative technique for CAGs preparation.
Prognostic value of VISTA in solid tumours: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: He Xin-Lin , Zhou Ying , Lu Huan-Zi , Li Qun-Xing , Wang Zhi
Published: February 2020

In the last few years, V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T cell activation(VISTA) has been reported as a prognostic biomarker in articles including various solid tumours. However, their conclusions have been controversial. For this reason, we performed this meta-analysis to further verify the prognostic value of VISTA in solid tumours. All relevant literature was identified from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Ten studies, including 2, 440 patients, were eligible for the analysis. The pooled results showed that high expression of VISTA was associated with favourable overall survival (OS) than that seen with low expression of VISTA (7 studies, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66–0.86, P < 0.001). In addition, high expression of VISTA significantly correlated with high numbers of CD8 (+) tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (3 studies, risk ratio (RR) = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.41–2.31, P < 0.001). In conclusion, these results indicate that VISTA is a potential prognostic biomarker in solid tumours.
Physiological responses of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) plants to UV radiation in its high-altitude mountain ecosystem
Authors: Huarancca Reyes Thais , Esparza Eliana , Crestani Gaia , Limonchi Fabián , Cruz Rudi , Salinas Norma , Scartazza Andrea , Guglielminetti Lorenzo , Cosio Eric
Published: February 2020

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a small fraction of the solar spectrum, which acts as a key environmental modulator of plant function affecting metabolic regulation and growth. Plant species endemic to the Andes are well adapted to the harsh features of high-altitude climate, including high UV radiation. Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers) is a member of Brassicaceae family native to the central Andes of Peru, which grows between 3500 and 4500 m of altitude, where only highland grasses and few hardy bushes can survive. Even though maca has been the focus of recent researches, mainly due to its nutraceutical properties, knowledge regarding its adaptation mechanisms to these particular natural environmental conditions is scarce. In this study, we manipulated solar UV radiation by using UV-transmitting (Control) or blocking (UV-block) filters under field conditions (4138 m above the sea level) in order to understand the impact of UV on morphological and physiological parameters of maca crops over a complete growing season. Compared to the UV-blocking filter, under control condition a significant increase of hypocotyl weight was observed during the vegetative phase together with a marked leaf turnover. Although parameters conferring photosynthetic performance were not altered by UV, carbohydrate allocation between above and underground organs was affected. Control condition did not influence the content of secondary metabolites such as glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in hypocotyls, while some differences were observed in the rosettes. These differences were mainly related to leaf turnover and the protection of new young leaves in control plants. Altogether, the data suggest that maca plants respond to strong UV radiation at high altitudes by a coordinated remobilization and relocation of metabolites between source and sink organs via a possible UV signaling pathway.
Elderly versus non-elderly patients undergoing surgery for left-sided native valve infective endocarditis: A 10-year institutional experience
Authors: Lin Chun-Yu , Lu Cheng-Hui , Lee Hsiu-An , See Lai-Chu , Wu Meng-Yu , Han Yi , Tseng Chi-Nan , Su I-Li , Li Han-Yan , Tsai Feng-Chun
Published: February 2020

This retrospective study aimed to clarify the short- and mid-term outcomes of elderly patients who underwent surgery to treat left-sided native valve infective endocarditis (LSNIE). Between July 2005 and September 2015, 179 patients underwent surgical treatment for active LSNIE at a single institution. Patients were classified into two groups: ≥65 years (elderly group) and <65 years (non-elderly group). Clinical features, surgical information, postoperative complications, and three-year survival rates were compared. The average ages were 74.2 ± 6.4 and 45.2 ± 12.6 years in the elderly and non-elderly groups, respectively. The elderly group had a higher predicted mortality rate and a lower incidence of preoperative septic emboli-related complications. Echocardiographic assessments of infected valves were generally homogenous between the groups. The elderly patients had a higher in-hospital mortality rate than the non-elderly patients (26.3% vs. 5.7%, P = 0.001). For patients who survived to discharge, the three-year cumulative survival rates were 75.0% ± 8.2% and 81.2% ± 3.4% in the elderly and non-elderly groups, respectively (P = 0.484). In conclusion, elderly patients are at a higher risk of in-hospital mortality after surgery for LSNIE. However, once elderly patients are stabilized by surgical treatment and survive to discharge, the mid-term outcomes are promising.
Author Correction: Engineering Axl specific CAR and SynNotch receptor for cancer therapy
Authors: Cho Jang Hwan , Okuma Atsushi , Al-Rubaye Dalal , Intisar Ejaj , Junghans Richard P. , Wong Wilson W.
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Mianserin suppresses R-spondin 2-induced activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chondrocytes and prevents cartilage degradation in a rat model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Okura Toshiaki , Ohkawara Bisei , Takegami Yasuhiko , Ito Mikako , Masuda Akio , Seki Taisuke , Ishiguro Naoki , Ohno Kinji
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Rapid label-free detection of intact pathogenic bacteria in situ via surface plasmon resonance imaging enabled by crossed surface relief gratings
Authors: Nair Srijit , Gomez-Cruz Juan , Manjarrez-Hernandez Ángel , Ascanio Gabriel , Sabat Ribal Georges , Escobedo Carlos
Published: February 2020

The unique plasmonic energy exchange occurring within metallic crossed surface relief gratings (CSRGs) enables Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging for the label-free detection of whole uropathogenic bacteria.
Influence of halide ions on the structure and properties of copper indium sulphide quantum dots
Authors: Marin Riccardo , Skripka Artiom , Huang Yu-Cheng , Loh Tamie A. J. , Mazeika Viktoras , Karabanovas Vitalijus , Chua Daniel H. C. , Dong Chung-Li , Canton Patrizia , Vetrone Fiorenzo
Published: February 2020

In the synthesis of CuInS2 quantum dots (QDs), the halide ions present in the copper salts influence the QD growth and optical properties.
Is it usual to be unusual? An investigation into molecular conformations in organic crystals
Authors: Wright Sarah E. , Bryant Mathew J. , Cruz-Cabeza Aurora J.
Published: February 2020

Molecular conformations can influence the structure and properties of crystalline solids.
A new perspective to enhance the II–I transition of polybutene-1
Authors: Bai Ruo , Li Jingqing , Huang Dinghai , Jiang Shichun
Published: February 2020

The bottleneck for the application and potential utilization of polybutenene-1 (PB-1) with excellent physical and mechanical properties is its inevitable phase transition.
In situstructural kinetics of picosecond laser-induced heating and fragmentation of colloidal gold spheres
Authors: Ziefuss Anna Rosa , Reich Stefan , Reichenberger Sven , Levantino Matteo , Plech Anton
Published: February 2020

The structural and energetic pathway of picosecond laser fragmentation of gold colloids has been clarified by time-resolved X-ray scattering.
Intermolecular radical carboamination of alkenes
Authors: Jiang Heng , Studer Armido
Published: February 2020

The review provides an overview on the recent achievements in the emerging field of vicinal alkene carboamination using radical chemistry.
Chemical and photochemical behavior of ruthenium nitrosyl complexes with terpyridine ligands in aqueous media
Authors: Labra-Vázquez Pablo , Bocé Mathilde , Tassé Marine , Mallet-Ladeira Sonia , Lacroix Pascal G. , Farfán Norberto , Malfant Isabelle
Published: February 2020

The synthesis and behavior in water of a set of various cis(Cl,Cl)-[R-tpyRuCl2(NO)](PF6) and trans(Cl,Cl)-[R-tpyRuCl2(NO)](PF6) (R = fluorenyl, phenyl, thiophenyl; tpy = 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine) complexes are presented.
C1-Symmetric Si-bridged (2-indenyl)(1-indenyl) ansa-metallocenes as efficient ethene/1-hexene copolymerization catalysts
Authors: Uborsky Dmitry V. , Mladentsev Dmitry Y. , Guzeev Bogdan A. , Borisov Ilya S. , Vittoria Antonio , Ehm Christian , Cipullo Roberta , Hendriksen Coen , Friederichs Nic , Busico Vincenzo , Voskoboynikov Alexander Z.
Published: February 2020

Synthesis, ethene/1-hexene copolymerization screening, and QSAR study of 28 silicon bridged (2-indenyl)(1-indenyl) zirconocenes: new promising catalysts for LLDPE were identified.
Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside inhibits Aβ40 fibrillogenesis, disintegrates preformed fibrils, and reduces amyloid cytotoxicity
Authors: Liu Fufeng , Zhao Fang , Wang Wenjuan , Sang Jingcheng , Jia Longgang , Li Li , Lu Fuping
Published: February 2020

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, a common anthocyanin, is a potential functional inhibitor to ameliorate Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting Aβ fibrillogenesis, disrupting the mature Aβ fibrils, and reducing amyloid-induced cytotoxicity.
An overview of the biphasic dehydration of sugars to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural: a rational selection of solvents using COSMO-RS and selection guides
Authors: Esteban Jesús , Vorholt Andreas J. , Leitner Walter
Published: February 2020

A wide overview of the biphasic production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural from lignocellulosic sugars is presented together with a screening of solvents following a methodology based on COSMO-RS and section guides.
Fast offline data reduction of laser ablation MC-ICP-MS Sr isotope measurements via an interactive Excel-based spreadsheet ‘SrDR’
Authors: Lugli Federico , Weber Michael , Giovanardi Tommaso , Arrighi Simona , Bortolini Eugenio , Figus Carla , Marciani Giulia , Oxilia Gregorio , Romandini Matteo , Silvestrini Sara , Jochum Klaus Peter , Benazzi Stefano , Cipriani Anna
Published: February 2020

We present SrDR, an Excel-based easily accessible and interactive data reduction spreadsheet for the fast correction of Sr isotope measurements by LA-MC-ICP-MS done on different target materials and with different instruments.
Distribution and chemical form of selenium in Neptunia amplexicaulis from Central Queensland, Australia
Authors: Harvey Maggie-Anne , Erskine Peter D , Harris Hugh H , Brown Gillian K , Pilon-Smits Elizabeth A H , Casey Lachlan W , Echevarria Guillaume , van der Ent Antony
Published: February 2020

Selenium (Se), a trace element essential for human and animal biological processes, is deficient in many agricultural soils. Some extremely rare plants can naturally accumulate extraordinarily high concentrations of Se. The native legume Neptunia amplexicaulis, endemic to a small area near Richmond and Hughenden in Central Queensland, Australia, is one of the strongest Se hyperaccumulators known on Earth, with foliar concentrations in excess of 4000 μg Se g−1 previously recorded. Here, we report on the Se distribution at a whole plant level using laboratory micro X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy (μXRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), as well as on chemical forms of Se in various tissues using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The results show that Se occurs in the forms of methyl-selenocysteine and seleno-methionine in the foliar tissues, with up to 13 600 μg Se g−1 total in young leaves. Selenium was found to accumulate primarily in the young leaves, flowers, pods and taproot, with lower concentrations present in the fine-roots and stem and the lowest present in the oldest leaves. Trichomes were not found to accumulate Se. We postulate that Se is (re)distributed in this plant via the phloem from older leaves to newer leaves, using the taproot as the main storage organ. High concentrations of Se in the nodes (pulvini) indicate this structure may play an important a role in Se (re)distribution. The overall pattern of Se distribution was similar in a non-Se tolerant closely related species (Neptunia gracilis), although the prevailing Se concentrations were substantially lower than in N. amplexicaulis.
Refractive index mediated plasmon hybridization in an array of aluminium nanoparticles
Authors: Muravitskaya Alina , Gokarna Anisha , Movsesyan Artur , Kostcheev Sergei , Rumyantseva Anna , Couteau Christophe , Lerondel Gilles , Baudrion Anne-Laure , Gaponenko Sergey , Adam Pierre-Michel
Published: February 2020

The refractive index of superstrate influences the relative positions of the hybridized plasmonic modes and lattice modes, which results in the manifestation of two peaks in small spectral region beneficial for the plasmon-enhanced fluorescence.
Highly conductive and transparent coatings from flow-aligned silver nanowires with large electrical and optical anisotropy
Authors: Xu Ye , Ge Dengteng , Calderon-Ortiz Gabriel A. , Exarhos Annemarie L. , Bretz Coline , Alsayed Ahmed , Kurz Dave , Kikkawa J. M. , Dreyfus Remi , Yang Shu , Yodh A. G.
Published: February 2020

A robust flow alignment technique generates conductive and transparent silver nanowire coatings with tunable alignment and anisotropy.
Surfactant decorated hydrotalcite-supported polyoxometalates for aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and monosaccharides
Authors: Cao Ping , Li Ying , Li Yiming , Zhang Xueyan , Wang Xiaohong , Jiang Zijiang
Published: February 2020

Trifunctional catalysts based on polyoxometalate (POM) and surfactant modified MgAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) were synthesized and evaluated for aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and mono-saccharides.
A sequence-specific plasmonic loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay with orthogonal color readouts enabled by CRISPR Cas12a
Authors: Zhou Rongxing , Li Yongya , Dong Tianyu , Tang Yanan , Li Feng
Published: February 2020

CRISPR Cas12a enables a sequence-specific plasmonic LAMP assay with dual complementary color readouts.
DME carbonylation over a HSUZ-4 zeolite
Authors: Xiong Zhiping , Zhan Ensheng , Li Mingrun , Shen Wenjie
Published: February 2020

Molecule diffusion through the abundant 8-MR pore openings on the side surfaces of a HSUZ-4 rod facilitated DME carbonylation.
Anomalous protein kinetics on low-fouling surfaces
Authors: Hedayati Mohammadhasan , Kipper Matt J. , Krapf Diego
Published: February 2020

Single-molecule tracking reveals the protein bovine serum albumin exhibits anomalous kinetics with a heavy-tailed dwell time distribution on PEG surfaces. This effect is shown to be caused by the ability of the protein to oligomerize in solution.
Electrochemical simultaneous denitrification and removal of phosphorus from the effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant using cheap metal electrodes
Authors: Guo Min , Feng Li , Liu Yongze , Zhang Liqiu
Published: February 2020

Nitrate and phosphate in the effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) were electrochemically removed with cheap metal (aluminum and iron) electrodes.
In-depth interpretation of the structural changes of lignin and formation of diketones during acidic deep eutectic solvent pretreatment
Authors: Hong Si , Shen Xiao-Jun , Pang Bo , Xue Zhimin , Cao Xue-Fei , Wen Jia-Long , Sun Zhuo-Hua , Lam Su Shiung , Yuan Tong-Qi , Sun Run-Cang
Published: February 2020

The chemical transformations of lignin in an acidic DES system.
Gold nanoparticle decorated polypyrrole/graphene oxide nanosheets as a modified electrode for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid
Authors: Tan Chaoli , Zhao Jie , Sun Peng , Zheng Wei , Cui Guofeng
Published: February 2020

AuNPs, GO and PPy are combined effectively to form a novel composite showing a huge enhancement in electrochemical performance compared to the single materials.
Correction: A smart tumor-microenvironment responsive nanoprobe for highly selective and efficient combination therapy
Authors: Fan Yifan , Guan Shanli , Fang Wenpeng , Li Pengyun , Hu Binbin , Shan Changfu , Wu Wenyu , Cao Jing , Cheng Bo , Liu Weisheng , Tang Yu
Published: February 2020

Correction for ‘A smart tumor-microenvironment responsive nanoprobe for highly selective and efficient combination therapy’ by Yifan Fan et al., Inorg. Chem. Front., 2019, 6, 3562–3568.
Cyber security threats, challenges and defence mechanisms in cloud computing
Authors: Aljumah Abdullah , Ahanger Tariq Ahamed
Published: February 2020

With the advent of computers and their widespread use, cloud computing has been identified as one of the major emerging components of computer technology. The benefits of cloud computing, in the form of processing power and computing resources connected via the internet, have not only bolstered business and personal operations of users but have also led to severe security and privacy threats that require adaptation into cloud computing systems. In light of this, the present study explores the various threats to cloud computing, in addition to outlining defence mechanisms against these threats. It was found that there is a major threat concerning data breaches because of the lack of management understanding of the use of cloud computing services and their defence mechanisms. Furthermore, there can be an abuse of cloud computing services that, in turn, affect not only sensitive data pertaining to the organisation but also the personal identity and information of the user.
Directional dense‐trajectory‐based patterns for dynamic texture recognition
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Tuan , Nguyen Thanh Phuong , Bouchara Frédéric
Published: February 2020

Representation of dynamic textures (DTs), well‐known as a sequence of moving textures, is a challenging problem in video analysis due to the disorientation of motion features. Analysing DTs to make them ‘understandable’ plays an important role in different applications of computer vision. In this study, an efficient approach for DT description is proposed by addressing the following novel concepts. First, the beneficial properties of dense trajectories are exploited for the first time to efficiently describe DTs instead of the whole video. Second, two substantial extensions of local vector pattern operator are introduced to form a completed model which is based on complemented components to enhance its performance in encoding directional features of motion points in a trajectory. Finally, the authors present a new framework, called directional dense trajectory patterns, which takes advantage of directional beams of dense trajectories along with spatio‐temporal features of their motion points in order to construct dense‐trajectory‐based descriptors with more robustness. Evaluations of DT recognition on different benchmark datasets (i.e. UCLA, DynTex, and DynTex++) have verified the interest of the authors’ proposal.