bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Quartz Sand Coated with Water-Treatment Residuals as Arsenic Adsorbent
Authors: Kan Chi Chuan , Wan Meng Wei , Yang Hui Ling , Wu Chih Chao
Published: March 2013

In this study, quartz sand coated with water-treatment residuals was tested for its effectiveness as an arsenic adsorbent. The surface characteristics of the quartz sand before and after modification were analyzed. Different amounts of modified quartz sand were then tested for their adsorption capacity, using raw water with an arsenic concentration of 500 ppb. Analysis showed that the surface area and average pore diameter of the quartz sand had increased significantly after modification, as did the amounts of iron, manganese, and aluminum found as surface elements. Using both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models to measure the effectiveness of arsenic adsorption by the modified quartz sand, it was found that the latter model, for monolayer adsorption, was more appropriate.
Behaviour of Concrete Filled Steel Square-Tube Stub Column with Steel-Fiber Reinforced High Strength Concrete
Authors: Choi Chang Sik , Jung Hyung Suk , Choi Hyun Ki
Published: March 2013

The paper presents an experimental study on the behavior of axial loaded concrete-filled steel square-tube stub columns with high strength fiber reinforced concrete until failure. Four specimens were tested to investigate the effect of high strength concrete on the load carrying capacity of the concrete-filled steel square-tube stub columns. The effect of the presence of steel fiber in high strength concrete which filled in the steel tube was also investigated. The main parameters in the tests were: (1) the strength of concrete (30 Mpa and 100 Mpa), and (2) the use of reinforcing steel fiber in concrete (plain high strength concrete and steel fiber high strength concrete). The main purpose of these tests were three-step: (1) to describe a series of tests on composite stub columns, (2) to analyze the influence of several parameters, and (3) to compare the accuracy of the predictions by using the specifications in the code (ACI and EC4 etc.) for the design of high-strength composite columns. Experimental results indicate that the high strength of concrete and use of steel-fiber in concrete had significant influence on both the axial compressive load capacity and the ductile of the steel square-tube stub columns.
Steep Slope Arch Dam Block Reliability Based on Normal Opening of Rock-Concrete Joints
Authors: Wang Ya Jun , Hu Yu , Zuo Zheng , Gan Xiao Qing , Dong Zhi Hong
Published: March 2013

The steep slope concrete cast is an important subject for super dam construction and the stability of dam block must be studied to establish the applicable casting plan. The cohesive non-linear model and reduction algorithm on cohesive force and friction coefficient of interface zones were adopted to simulate this case. The analysis discovers that the dam block 23 of Xiluodu arch dam works properly under 3-lift separately casting plan. The opening value and tangential displacement vector from interface of rock-concrete joints are within the margin of safety.
Research on Composite Flocculant Improving Substrate Sludge Dehydration
Authors: Wang Chun Ming , Gao Yun Hua , Li Cui Ming , Zhang Qi Lun , Shen Wei Bin
Published: March 2013

The dewatering effects of FeCl3, AlCl3 and PAM as flocculants for substrate sludge in Poyang Lake of SCAU were tested. The indexes, such as the filtrating volume, the moisture content, etc, were compared in order to achieve the best composite flocculant. The results showed that, when FeCl3 was used with PAM in the ratio of 4:1, the highest filtrate volume 75mL was obtained. At the same time, when the dosing quantity is 3%, we obtained the best dewatering performances, such as the fastest velocity of filtrate, the highest degree of clarity with 88%, which were better than other flocculants.
A Preparation Method of Patterned Nanoporous Copper
Authors: Yue Heng , Zhang Cong Chun , Yang Zhuo Qing , Wang Hong , Ding Gui Fu , Zhao Xiao Lin
Published: March 2013

Graphic nanoporous copper (NPC) was prepared by a new method. Cu68Zn32 and Cu36Zn64 (atomic percentages) precursor alloy thin film was deposited by electro-deposition in acidic alloy plating solution and then dealloyed in hydrochloric acid to fabricate nanoporous copper (NPC) with pore size from 30nm to 100nm. The results show that the microstructure of NPC can be controlled by changing alloy plating solution and dealloying process, this process also maintains compatibility with micro-fabrication technique.
Study of MgXZn1-XO Alloys (0<x<0.15) by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Zheng Wei , Feng Zhe Chuan , Chang Fan Hsiu , Lee Jyh Fu , Zheng Rui Sheng , Wuu Dong Sing , Liu Chee Wee
Published: March 2013

High-resolution K-edge x-ray absorption data are presented for Mg, Zn and O of Mg1-xZnxO films. A detailed analysis of the extended x-ray absorption fine structure by using the IFEFFIT program is given, and the Zn form chemical bonds with O are obtained. The x-ray absorption near-edge structure of Mg, Zn and O K-edge are investigated, and the electronic structures of Mg1-xZnxO with various compositions are studied.
Research on the Strengthen of Silicone Rubber
Authors: Gu Wen Juan , Li Ying , He Bang Gui
Published: March 2013

A new kind of microsphere filler was synthesized with octyltrimethoxysilane (WD13) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) by sol-gel method. The morphology of the filler was measured by TEM. The so synthesized spheres were added into the silicone rubber. Both the strain-stress and the water contact angle of the silicone rubber were researched. The results showed that both the mechanical property and the hydrophobic performance of the composite were improved compared with the blank specimen. The possible strengthen mechanism of the filler was discussed. The neotype silica sphere researched in this paper could react with the silicone rubber chains which perfects the vulcanization of the silicone rubber. This kind of sphere filler exhibits many merits for usage as filler.
Study on the Effect of Tool Geometrical Parameters on Cutting Forces Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Tang Zhi Tao , Yu Tao , Xu Li Qiang
Published: March 2013

Based on finite element software DEFORM-3D, a three-dimensional oblique cutting model for aerospace aluminum alloy was built. The material’s flow stress behavior was described with Johnson-Cook constitutive equation. The separation of the chips with the workpiece was realized by the combination of adaptive remeshing technique and separation criterion. The material’s failure was defined by adopting Cockcroft & Latham fracture criterion. The tool-chip friction model was the combination of a Coulomb friction model and shear (sticking) friction model. To validate the finite element model, cutting tests were conducted. The effects of tool geometrical parameters such as flank wear, cutting edge inclination and corner radius on cutting forces were analyzed by three-dimensional oblique finite element model.
Modeling of Single Camera Location under the Natural Light in the Vedio-Oculography System
Authors: Lin Min , Li Bin
Published: March 2013

Today, most eye monitoring systems use cameras to capture eye images, which are called vedio-oculography systems (VOG). The basic elements of the VOG system are eyes, cameras and lights [1]. Especially, the location of the camera to eyes is very important. In this paper, the location of the single camera under the natural light was modeled. And the model was computed and simulated on the Matlab platform. Then, the eyes moving images were sampled by the camera In-Sight Micro 1020 from the Cognex Company to analyze the reasonable position of the camera. Test results show that the single camera should locate at the side of one eye within 40o, or it couldn’t sample clear eye moving images. This conclusion provides a reference to the further development of the actual VOG system.
Design of a Mechanical Exoskeleton System for Improving Hand-Gripping Force
Authors: Zheng De Yi , Luo Min , Yang Shan Shan
Published: March 2013

Patients may lose part of the hand-gripping force, because of the diseases of stroke, carpal tunnel syndrome, nerve damage etc, which lead to greatly inconvenience during their daily life. The research work in this area has been really investigated in the world, and is with significant importance in medical and military areas. A mechanical exoskeleton system is designed in this project for improving hand-gripping force of these patients. The designed mechanical exoskeleton system in this project includes five parts: exoskeleton framework, finger motion intention detecting system, extra force output system, joints’ angle holding system and central construe system. In this study, titanium alloy are eventually adopted as the material of the exoskeleton framework after the mechanical analysis. A contact type sensor system for detecting finger motion intention, gripping or releasing object is also adopted in this project. Titanium-Nickel (Ti-Ni) shape memory alloy (SMA) plates are used here to provide extra 2N force for helping patients grip an object under 140g. A Ti-Ni plate based joint lock system has also been designed here for holding the angles of fingers’ joints.
Systematic Design of a Highly Efficient Uniform Grating Coupler with Gradually Etched Depths for SOI Waveguides
Authors: Huang Jian Wei , Chen Huai Yi
Published: March 2013

This study systematically designs a grating coupler with gradually etched depth on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. We focus on the modulation design of the grating coupler with gradually etched depth. The proposed grating coupler is suitable for single TE-mode fiber coupling at the wavelength of 1.55μm. Its fiber coupling efficiency can be up to 57%, fiber coupling angle is 8o and the 1dB bandwidth is 73 nm. These results are better than those of conventional uniform grating coupler without gradually etched depth in terms of efficiency. The grating coupler proposed here is easier to design as compared with the non-uniform grating couplers using lag effect.
Research on Thermal Optimal Operation Scheduling of Multi-Heat Source Co-Heating System
Authors: Zhou Zhi Gang , Wang Peng , Zou Ping Hua
Published: March 2013

Multi-heat source co-heating networks have become the main trend of future development. However, the research for the thermal optimization and dispatch of multi-heat source co-heating networks is quite few in our country. In this paper, the general process of the optimal dispatch for multi-heat source co-heating systems is proposed, and the mathematical model for optimal thermal dispatch of multi-heat source co-heating systems is established. In addition, formulas and parameter selection method for the typical thermal schemes were given. By taking an actually heating network as an example, procedure and method for some thermal dispatch schemes are provided, and the optimal operating scheme based on technical and economic analysis is given. The method provided in this paper may supply the theoretical basis for operation scheduling of realistic engineering heating network. It is very meaningful for saving energy and improving environment.
Research and Application of Tapping Potential Remaining Oil of Low Permeability Reservoir in Hei47 Block, Jilin Oilfield
Authors: Ding Fang , Yang Xu
Published: March 2013

At present, Hei47 block has already entered high water cut period, and it exists many problems, such as imbalance producing reserves, serious water flooded in main small layer, imperfect injection-production well spacing and so on. Aiming at these problems, this paper analyzed from two aspects of the potential: the first is the potentiality of well pattern thickening which would analyze the reasons of the remaining oil enrichment through four different imperfect patterns, the paper proposes different schemes. For example, this study design new wells in the injection-production incongruous area; As for the area without the control of well net, for example, the study design a horizontal well near the fault where concentrated much remaining oil, and the production conditions are good; The second is making some modification measures in high water cut layer, and perforating other potential small layers, in the light of the wells in low location and is high water cut can be considered to transfer to injection wells. Structural reservoir high-yielding well mainly concentrated in the structural high place, flooded well in the low position, this area is suitable for edge water injection.
Key Technology Research and Application of the Special Planning for Water Resources in Urban Ecological Planning
Authors: Yue Chen , Cui Ya Li , Rao Rong , Xiang Dong
Published: March 2013

In urban planning, urban population and development is restricted by water resources, so we should pay attention. Taking Changchun-Jilin region of Jilin Province for example, water resources carrying capacity per capita is adopted to control the capacity of the urban population. On this basis, it considers the economy, water resources, the state of the urban population scale and transferring water to do parallel computing. Then the controlling index of urban population capacity is mainly obtained through the optimal solution. This paper made water resources as quantitative indicators to control the urban population, in order to solve the relationship of urban-water-ecology
The Application of Seismic Data Processing Technology in Kongdian Area
Authors: Lan Qiang , Zhang Qian
Published: March 2013

Kongdian is located in the eastern part of Bohai Bay. This region has good prospects for oil and gas exploration, but the seismic geologic condition is very complex. After several stages of exploration, a number of significant exploration results have been achieved, but the gradually exposed problems restricted the exploration to go further. In a new round of exploration, the high and low frequency energy compensation technology, advantaged band deconvolution processing technology, dividing frequency high-precision residual static corrections, high-resolution well control-target wavelet deconvolution technology, common scattering point imaging technology and prestack time migration processing technology have been used to improve exploration accuracy. Five potential areas were found in this region according to the new processed seismic data and subsequent interpretation work, achieving the pleasant situation of initial success following the exploration in that year.
Theoretical Basis and Research Frame Designing of Strategic Environmental Assessment for Municipal Waste Management System in China
Authors: Xu Jian Ling , Hong Lian Jin
Published: March 2013

It is important to study theoretical and practical significance on strategic environmental assessment of municipal waste management system. This paper analyzes the research situation of strategic environmental assessment in China and put forward the theoretical basis of strategic environmental assessment on municipal waste management system, including strategic theory, low-carbon theory, cyclic economy theory and sustainable development theory. In the theoretical views, strategic environmental assessment of municipal waste management policies, plans and programs system can be studied for a better and More sustainable management mode of household waste. At the same time, the article gives a research frame of strategic environmental assessment on municipal waste management system in China.
Study on the Thermal Stability of Polyphenylene Sulfide Filter Media by Non-Isothermal Thermogravimetry
Authors: Chang De Qiang , Liu Jing Xian , Mao Ning , Chen Bao Zhi
Published: March 2013

In order to study the thermal stability of PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) filter media, by means of non- isothermal thermogravimetry, thermal degradation kinetics behavior of two kinds of PPS filter media were analyzed. The kinetic parameters of PPS filter media were obtained according to Friedman method. Thermal stability of PPS filter media was discussed. It was found that the initial decomposition temperature and activation energy of N3 sample are all higher than B1 sample, the thermal stability of N3 sample is better than B1 sample, and kinetic analysis can be used as an important method to evaluate the thermal stability of filter media.
Social Capital and Organizational Performance: Exploring the Role of External Environment
Authors: Xue Cai Ling
Published: March 2013

In an effort to systematically review past research results, we conducted relative analysis examining the strength of the link between different social capital dimensions and organizational performance as well as potential moderators affecting this relationship. Analyses of past studies, we also found that this relationship depends on the social capital dimension considered, the institutional and industry contexts in which the organization operates. In this paper, we analysis the direct effect of social capital on organizational performance and deem that a main effect analysis providing an incomplete picture of performance implications of social capital. Internal resources and external environments are important to the development of a firm. Over all, our research contributes to a better understanding of social capital and organizational performance to explain variance in organizational performance.
Effect of Deicing Salt on Catalase Activity and Malondialdehyde Contents in Gills and Muscle Tissues of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Li Fa Yun , Wu Guo Qiang , Gao Qun , Fan Zhi Ping , Li Guo Chen , Qu Ye Bing
Published: March 2013

The present study was designed to elucidate the Catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in gills and muscle tissues of Zebrafish in exposure to different concentrations of deicing salt. According to the value of 96 h LC50, five different concentration treatments (4.30, 5.38, 6.73, 8.41 and 10.51 g/L) of deicing salt were set up with no application of deicing salt (0 g/L) as control treatment, and the activity of CAT and MDA in the gills and muscle tissues of Zebrafish were measured at 1d, 4d, and 7 d exposure. The results showed that the 96 h LC50 value of deicing salt for Zebrafish was 13.49 g/L and the safe concentration was 4.26 g/L. The CAT activity in muscle tissues of Zebrafish was activated significantly (P<0.01) at 1d, and was inhibited significantly with the concentration of 10.51 g/L (P<0.05) by comparing with the control treatment during the whole experimental time. However, the CAT activity in gills was activated significantly (P<0.01) with the concentration of 5.38 g/L, and inhibited significantly (P<0.05) with the concentration of 10.51 g/L. The MDA contents in gills of Zebrafish enhanced gradually with the deicing salt concentration increased. In muscle tissues of Zebrafish, MDA contents decreased gradually during the whole experimental time.
Application of Water Resources System Analysis Method in Optimal Allocation of Water Resources
Authors: Bi Jie
Published: March 2013

Elaborate the optimal allocation of water resources system connotation, significance and the role of the sustainable utilization of water resources. Based on the water resources system analysis, discusses the system analysis method of water resources and the steps and mathematical model, and the linear programming model for the optimal allocation of water resources in the mathematical model, based on the fuzzy mathematics and the theory of multiple objective decision-making, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation combined with analytic hierarchy process, with the set value statistical and fuzzy membership function of indexes are calculated, determine the evaluation matrix, and then constructs a multi objective comprehensive evaluation model, and using computer to realize the optimal allocation of water resources, to provide a scientific basis.
Analysis of the Relationship between River Flow and Water Quality before and after the Wenchuan Earthquake
Authors: Qian Feng , Hu Bo , Liu Jing Jun , Lin Wei , Xiong Ming Biao
Published: March 2013

“5.12 Wenchuan earthquake”triggered floods, landslide, collapse and secondary geological disaster, trigger a new soil and water loss, having the significant influence to the local river water quality.This article through the statistical analysis of jiangyou, beichuan station 2006 ~ 2011 water conditions material, discussing the before and after the earthquake disaster areas the river flow change on the influence of river water quality. The results showed that the affected areas of ammonia nitrogen content after the earthquake are more than that before the earthquake content .with flow increased, ammonia nitrogen concentration is higher, flow is low, the water quality parameters of concentration decreased; The total hardness reduced during the earthquake, with flow increased, total hardness concentration is reduced, is negatively correlated; The change of flow to fluoride content effect is not obvious.
Effect of Pantograph and Bogie on Interior Noise of High-Speed Train in Tunnel
Authors: Xiao You Gang , Shi Yu
Published: March 2013

For clarifying the noise in tunnel affected by pantograph and bogie, which are the most important noise sources, the noises near pantograph and bogie in a high-speed train were tested by multi-channel noise measurement and analysis system in tunnel, and compared with those measured outside the High-speed train and on an open field. The results show that the interior vehicle noise is spatially non-homogeneous in the whole carriage, the larger sound pressure level (SPL) near pantograph are next to ceiling, and near bogie next to floor. The noise spectra show a broad band feature, and dominated by the frequency contents among 100Hz-2kHz, so the countermeasures against noise should be within these range.
Methylene Blue Adsorption by Synthetic Nano-Carbon-Hydroxylapatite
Authors: Ma Xian Hui , Wu Liu Ming , Guo Xiao Yao , Zhang Mei Hua , Ma An Liang
Published: March 2013

Synthetic nano-carbon-hydroxylapatite was used to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The influence of various parameters such as reaction time, initial dye concentration and pH on the adsorption was investigated in batch mode and the adsorption mechanism was briefly discussed. The experimental results show that the uptake of MB was rapid and equilibrium could be reached in 30 minutes, and the uptake of MB increased with increasing initial dye concentration and pH. The pseudo-second-order model fits well to the kinetics and Henry adsorption isotherm can be used to describe the experimental data. The adsorption mechanism can be explained mainly by electrostatic attraction.
The Study on the Indicator System for Strategic Environmental Assessment
Authors: Wang Yuan , Ma Liang , Guo Jing , Tan Feng Fei , Sheng Lian Xi
Published: March 2013

The indicator system foundation for Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is the important step for SEA to enter into practical application stage from theory study stage .The essence of found SEA indicator system is to found its specific assess details, which is assessment factor. In this study the characteristics of indicator system were analyzed and the basic principles and method for establishing the indicator system for SEA were created; Employed the environmental impact assessment for general plan of plain metropolis of China as an example, available indicator of SEA for sets urban master planning were established.
Research on Green Supply Chain Management and Enterprise’s Green Degree Evaluation Model
Authors: Zhu Ming Qiang
Published: March 2013

The article first analyses the rise of green supply chain background, Chinese enterprises implement green supply chain management significance and necessity, and the consolidated results of previous studies green supply chain management concept, characteristics, established on the basis of the corporate structure for green supply chain management model the implementation, combined with domestic and foreign enterprises success stories elaborate corporate connotation of all aspects of the implementation of the green supply chain management model based on the green supply chain management and environmental management system standard, the green degree evaluation building index system evaluation model for enterprises to implement green supply chain management.
Applications of GIS in the Border Defense Teaching
Authors: Wang Wei Min
Published: March 2013

Geographic information system (GIS) Education is booming up in China, GIS applications have already exceeded their areas of expertise driven by the needs of the community and promote the rapid development of GIS education in non-GIS expertise. The necessity and feasibility of application of GIS in the border defense teaching were discussed based on the introduction of GIS functions and some ideas about applications of GIS in the border defense teachingbased on the teaching of the border defense in , and the corresponding ideas were proposed.
Evaluation of the Acoustic Environment of a Neighborhood and Application of the DPSIR
Authors: Coppi Massimo , Peruzzi Laura , Vallati Andrea
Published: March 2013

In urban areas, one of the most significant variables of environmental pressure is the road traffic, which contributes significantly to the configuration of urban acoustic environment. The redevelopment of degraded areas, particularly from the environmental point of view, contains specific actions to mitigate the impacts due to this source, while preserving the mobility. This memory illustrates a possible redevelopment of the EUR district of Rome, through the burying of Via Cristoforo Colombo. The purpose of this study was to compare the current environmental pressure determined by the traffic with the hypothetical after burying of Via Cristoforo Colombo, taking into account that the area has a strong mixture of sites for tertiary and residential areas. The results of the study may be a useful tool for redevelopment to public administration, as part of cost/benefit assessments.
A Geographical Penetration into Urban Cohesion of Xiamen and Zhangzhou
Authors: Zeng Yue E. , Wu Shi Dai , Chen Zhi Qiang , Zheng Xing Yang
Published: March 2013

The issue of urban cohesion has become one of the hot topics in the academic study. This paper took Xiamen and Zhangzhou cities as a research object to discuss the issue. First, this paper makes a critical review on research into urban cohesion. Supported by software’s of SPSS and ArcGIS, the authors use the data from statistical yearbooks of Xiamen and Zhangzhou cities covering the years of 2003-2011. Based on studies on urban cohesion, this Paper draws some conclusions as follows. The coordination index of industrial structure shows that Xiamen and Zhangzhou cities have the requirement to achieve urban cohesion. Meanwhile, from 2003 to 2011, there is a certain rule in the spatial moving direction and the distance between the economic gravity center and every industrial gravity center. Overall, it shows the trend that the spatial pattern of industry is reasonable in the view of spatial pattern. And urban cohesion will impel Xiamen and Zhangzhou cities to a great development.
Effect of NaCl on Synthesis of Si-SiC Nanocomposites by Self Propagating High Temperature Synthesis
Authors: Niyomwas Sutham
Published: March 2013

The Si-SiC nanocomposites have been synthesized by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) from natural precursors. The effects of difference amount of added NaCl from 0 to 0.75 moles to the reactants on the Si-SiC conversion and particle size were investigated. The reaction were carried out in a SHS reactor under static argon gas at the pressure of 0.5 MPa. The nanocomposite results have been characterized by scanning electron microscope, Transmission Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the production of nano-composite materials using SHS process is feasible and agree well with the thermodynamics calculations.
The Rotational Extrusion Alloying
Authors: Xu Wei Ping , Ke Li Ming , Xing Li
Published: March 2013

The Rotating Extrusion Alloying (REA) is a process which combined friction stir welding process and extrusion technology. In the REA process, dissimilar metals are mixed, cracked, and subjected to high speed, severe pressing deformation, and therefore rapidly alloy at a low temperature. The result shows that REA technology can be alloyed Al-Ti material. Its phases are mainly composed of Al and Al3Ti, which are distributed more evenly in the aluminum. After heat treatment, its phases’ types and pole figures have no significant change, but there is a trend of transition to the non-equilibrium stable phase. Small-angle grain boundaries decrease or even disappear.
Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Natural Rubber/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites Prepared by Latex Compounding
Authors: Saravari Onusa , Boonmahitthisud Anyaporn , Satitnaithum Warittha , Chuayjuljit Saowaroj
Published: March 2013

In this study, natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites containing different loadings of multi- walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (0.1-0.4 phr) were prepared by latex compounding. The as-prepared nanolatex composites were cast into 3-mm sheets on a glass mold and then cured at 80°C for 3 h. The obtained vulcanizates were evaluated for their mechanical properties (tensile properties, tear strength and hardness) and surface electrical resistivity. The results showed that the incorporation of CNTs at a very low loading can reinforce NR by enhancing the tensile strength (0.2 phr optimal), modulus at 300% strain (0.2 phr optimal), elongation at break (0.4 phr optimal), tear strength (0.4 phr optimal) and hardness (0.4 phr optimal) and also increase the electrical conductivity (0.2 phr optimal). The reinforcing effect of CNTs is primarily attributed to its very high aspect ratio and great specific surface area, whilst the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites is due to the formation of a continuous conductive network of CNTs in the NR matrix.
Microstructure and Properties of Plasma Arc Welding with Depth Penetration Keyhole SAF 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Šimeková Beáta , Kovaříková Ingrid , Ulrich Koloman
Published: March 2013

The microstructure and properties of plasma arc welding (PAW) with depth penetration keyhole SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel were examined. High-quality, full-penetration welds were successfully produced in the duplex stainless steel by plasma arc welding (PAW) with depth penetration keyhole. The base material had a microstructure consisting of the ferrite matrix with austenite islands. Ferrite content was held between 60 and 70% throughout the weld. The number grain of the ferrite and austenite phases caused increase in hardness and strength within the stir zone. In the evaluation experiment was used metallographic observation of the integrity and structure of the recast, measuring the proportion of austenite-ferrite in recast, hardness measurements.
Thermal Characterisation of Thermoset Polyester Resin Filled Recycle Expanded Polystyrene Composite with Aerogel and Alumina Additives
Authors: Mustafa Syed Anas  Bin Syed , Mohamed Rahmah , Zakaria Nor Zaini Ikrom , Rustam Husni Bin
Published: March 2013

The preparation and characterization of Unsaturated Polyester Resin (UPR) filled recycled Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) composite systems were systematically investigated. Additives such as Alumina and silica aerogel powder were added to the composite for Infrared reflection and insulation enhancement. The effect of differing alumina weight percentage on the thermal properties, i.e. thermal conductivity and glass transition temperature, Tg were determined. The fabricated composite undergoes thermal analysis by using a DSC and a hand-held thermal probe, and characterized by a FTIR. There is little variation of the Tg across the samples tested. Specific heat capacity, cp from the DSC thermogram was significantly affected by incorporation of silica aerogel; 565 J/kgK compared to the unfilled sample result of 1706 kJ/kg. The thermal conductivity showed a minimum at 0.147 W m-1 K-1 from integrated silica aerogel only sample, and alumina addition increases the thermal conductivity above the minimum k value in the ranges 0.227-0.313 W m-1 K-1. Alternative Cp values from the thermal probe followed similar trend as the DSC Cp. Thermal diffusivity from the probe also showed an increase upon silica aerogel and alumina incorporation.
Study on the Local Structure of PAN-Based Carbon Fiber Using Radial Distribution Function Based on XRD
Authors: Lin Xue , Wang Cheng Guo , Yu Mei Jie , Lin Zhi Tao , Zhang Shan
Published: March 2013

The local structure evolution of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers during pre-oxidation and carbonization was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and radial distribution function (RDF). The nearest inter-chains distance of PAN is 6.88 Å, which is close to the diameter of the “rigid rod” model proposed by Warner. The third neighbor distances of carbon fibers are greater than that of graphite, indicating the planar six-member rings are absent in the carbon fibers from 500 to 1250°C. The structure of fibers transforms from long-range order to long-range disorder during the pre-oxidation process, then transforms from short-range order to long-range order during the carbonization process.
Transformer Mineral Oil Mixtures Characterization by Isothermal Charging Currents
Authors: Toudja Tahar , Moulai Hocine , Nacer Azzeddine , Beldjillali Abdeslem , Saidi Nadia , Saidi Mohamed
Published: March 2013

This work aims at the characterization of power transformer oil mixtures by using dc charging currents measurements for long field application times. The principle of this approach is inspired from the technique of measurements carried out on solid dielectrics used in high voltage insulation. It will be applied to characterize mixtures between two compatible oils of different provenances and ages. The obtained results are conclusive and reinforce those obtained by classical physicochemical methods of characterization. For the purpose, we intent to link between the space charge behavior in the insulation and its several characteristics. Moreover, in addition to the fact that the obtained results are in good agreement with the physicochemical characteristics, the charging currents reported at room temperature enabled us to determine the mixture resistivity and charge carriers' mobility.
Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Succinate) Blends Filled with Epoxy Functionalised Polymeric Chain Extender
Authors: Chaiwutthinan Phasawat , Leejarkpai Thanawadee , Kashima Dujreutai Pongkao , Chuayjuljit Saowaroj
Published: March 2013

In this work, biodegradable plastics were produced from different poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/ poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blend ratios in the presence of a fix loading (1 phr) of a commercial epoxy functionalised polymeric chain extender (Joncryl ADR-4300-S). The effects of blend ratio and chain extender on the tensile properties, thermal stability and morphology were investigated by the tensile testing, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The results show that the incorporation of PBS and Joncryl into PLA apparently reduced the tensile strength and tensile modulus, but increased the elongation at break of the blends in a dose-dependent manner. However, their blends provide interesting materials for industrial packaging applications, due to their enhanced ductility by decreasing the tensile modulus and increasing the elongation at break. TGA analysis showed that thermal stability of the blends was lower than that of the pure PLA and PBS. Moreover, the chain-extended products exhibit two stages of thermal decomposition, the first was due to the degradation of PBS, and the second was due to the degradation of PLA.
Study on the Characteristics of Anthropogenic Landscapes Process in Different Urbanization Stages
Authors: Jing Gao Liao , Jie Yi , Xiong Wen
Published: March 2013

Taking urban population and area of urban built-up zones as parameters, a quantitative analysis about anthropogenic landscapes process in different urbanization stages is performed. Through the analysis result, the characteristics of the landscapes process of urbanization as well as the relationship between urbanization in different stages and landscapes process are summarized.
Effects of Ecological Spur Dikes on Spring Phytoplankton in Wangyu River
Authors: Wang Pei Fang , Huang Jing , Wang Chao , Ai Xiao Yu , Qian Jin , Hou Jun
Published: March 2013

In order to study the effects of the newly-built ecological spur dikes on spring phytoplankton in Wangyu River, a riverway of water diversion project from Yangtze River to Taihu Lake, triple samplings were carried out in eleven sites from the near and upper water around the ecological spur dikes in April and May, 2011. The samples were collected to investigate the species and density of phytoplankton. Meanwhile, some environmental factors, such as temperature, pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) were determined. Indices of Simpson (D), Shannon-Wiener (H), Pielou (J) and Margalef (Dm) were used to analyze the change regulations of phytoplankton diversity. H, J, Dm were also used to evaluated the water quality, and they were 2.873, 0.532, 3.037. The results indicated that the composition of phytoplankton species was similar to the typical character of large or medium rivers. Based on the diversity indices, higher biological plankton diversity and better water quality emerged near the dikes. Results of this research supplied a theory for building ecological spur dikes to improve water quality of large or medium rivers and also provided a basis of using phytoplankton to monitor changes of water quality.
An Integrated Modeling Approach for ANN-Based Real-Time Thermal Error Compensation on a CNC Turning Center
Authors: El Ouafi Abderrazak , Guillot Michel , Barka Noureddine
Published: March 2013

Thermally induced errors play a critical role in controlling the level of machining accuracy. They can represent a significant proportion of dimensional errors in produced parts. Since thermal errors cannot totally be eliminated at the design stage, active errors compensation appears to be the most economical and realistic solution. Accurate and efficient modeling of the thermally induced errors is an indispensable part of the error compensation process. This paper presents an integrated and comprehensive modeling approach for real-time thermal error compensation. The modeling process is based on multiple temperature measurements, Taguchi’s orthogonal arrays, artificial neural networks and various statistical tools to provide cost effective selection of appropriate temperature variables and modeling conditions as well as to achieve robust and accurate thermal error models. The experimental results on a CNC turning center confirm the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed approach and show that the resultant model can accurately predict the time-variant spindle thermal drift errors under various operating conditions. After compensation, the thermally induced spindle errors were reduced from 19m to less than 1 m. The proposed modeling optimization strategy can be effectively and advantageously used for real-time error compensation since it presents the benefit of straightforward application, reduced modeling time and uncertainty.
Steel Electrodes Shape Influence on the Critical Field to Breakdown in Air – Application to High Voltage Safe Approach Distances Calculation
Authors: Belkhir Salah , Ainouche Toufik , Moulai Hocine , Soukeur Fathallah , Bouguerra Hacene
Published: March 2013

This investigation is consecrated to the influence of the shape and curvature radius of the made of steel electrodes on the maximal values of the applied electric field, enabling thus to establish a relation between the minimum approach distance and the shape of the tools used in the pertinent high voltage working area. The obtained results are of a great importance for accurately dimensioning the safety Minimum Approach Distances (MAD) for future live works that can be performed with non normalized tools.
Molecular Structure, Vibrational Spectroscopy and Homo, Lumo Studies of 4-methyl-N-(2-methylphenyl) Benzene Sulfonamide Using DFT Method
Authors: Sarojini K. , Krishnan H. , Kanagam Charles C. , Muthu S.
Published: March 2013

The sulfonamide compound, 4-methyl-N-(2-methylphenyl) benzene sulfonamide has been synthesized and characterized by FTIR, NMR, UV-Vis, single crystal X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. Density functional (DFT) calculations have been carried out for the title compound by performing DFT level of theory using B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) basis set. The calculated results show that the predicted geometry can well reproduce the structural parameters. Predicted vibrational frequencies have been assigned and compared with the experimental IR spectra and they support each other. In addition, atomic charges, frontier molecular orbitals and molecular electrostatic potential were carried out by using density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) 6-31G (d, p) basis set. The calculated Homo and Lumo energies show that charge transfer occur in the molecule.
Tailoring Structural Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) by 200 keV Ar+ Implantation
Authors: Chawla Mahak , Rubi Rubi , Kumar Rajiv , Sharma Annu , Aggarwal Sanjeev , Kumar Praveen , Kanjilal D.
Published: March 2013

In the present work, our aim is to reveal the effect of Ar+implantation on the structural behaviour of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using Fourier Transform Infrared and UV-Visible Spectroscopic techniques. PET specimens were implanted with 200 keV Ar+ions in the fluence range of 1x1015to 1x1017ions cm-2. The structural changes have been observed due to change in the position and intensity of the bands in the FTIR spectra of both implanted and unimplanted specimens. A continuous decrease in optical energy gap (from 3.63 eV to 1.48 eV) and enhancement in Urbach energy (from 0.29 eV to 3.70 eV) with increasing ion dose have been observed. The structural changes have been correlated with the optical parameters observed in PET specimens as a result of implantation.
Optical Absorption Study of Molybdenum Diselenide and Polyaniline and their Use in Hybrid Solar Cells
Authors: Patel Haresh S. , Rathod J.R. , Patel K.D. , Pathak V.M. , Srivastava R.
Published: March 2013

The optical characterization of Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) and polyaniline (PANI) has been carried in the wavelength range 200 nm to 2500 nm. The detailed analysis of the optical properties has been carried out only for a range 200 nm to 800 nm from which the indirect band gap around 1.42 eV for MoSe2and 1 eV and 2.5 eV for PANI was evaluated. It was interesting to note that π π* transitions lead to two distinct orders of energy gaps. The hybrid cells were fabricated using a photosensitive interface between MoSe2and PANI. Various parameters of these heterostructure hybrid cells have been evaluated and it was found that the photoconversion efficiency was around 1%. Using the solar cell characteristics, the presence of trapping centers at the n-MoSe2/ p-PANI interface has been confirmed.
Effect of Independently Tunable Electron Layer Density on Wigner Crystallization in Electron-Hole Quantum Bilayers
Authors: Saini Lalit K. , Nayak Mukesh G.
Published: March 2013

A unique evidence of crystalline phase, known as Wigner crystal (WC), is explored in Electron-Hole quantum bilayers (EHBL) by tuning electron layer density independently at zero-temperature and zero-magnetic field. The quantum or dynamical version of Singwi, Tosi, Land and Sjölander (qSTLS) approach is used for obtaining the static density susceptibility. The static density susceptibility plays very important role for exploration of WC phase by showing a divergent behavior at finite wavevector, corresponds to the reciprocal lattice wavevector, during the phase transition from liquid state to WC ground-state. A comparison of present results with a recent results of dependently tunable EHBL system [Phys. Rev. B 66, 205316 (2002)] shows that the onset of Wigner crystallization now occurs at sufficiently lower interlayer spacing by tuning the electron layer density and keeping hole layer density fixed. Further, the prediction of WC phase gets support from the structure factor which exhibits a strong peak near the phase transition point.
A Study of Molecular Interaction in Binary Mixtures of 1-Propanol with N,N-Dimethylformamide at Different Temperatures
Authors: Prajapati A.N. , Rana Vipinchandra A. , Vyas A.D. , Gadani Deepak H.
Published: March 2013

The static dielectric constant (ε0) and optical dielectric constant (ε = n2) of binary mixtures of 1-Propanol (1-PrOH) with N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) of different concentrations, prepared by volume fractions (0.0, 0.1, . 1.0) are measured at 2 MHz using precision LCR meter and Abbes refractometer respectively at different temperatures. The excess dielectric constant (ε0)E, Kirkwood correlation parameters (geff, gF), Bruggeman parameter (fB) are evaluated. The variations of these parameters with concentration and temperature are discussed in terms of molecular interaction between the molecular species of constituting components in these mixtures.
Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation Studies on the Transport in La0.8-xPr0.2SrxMnO3 Manganite Films
Authors: Ravalia Ashish , Vagadia Megha , Trivedi Priyanka , Keshvani M.J. , Khachar Uma , Savalia B.T. , Solanki P.S. , Asokan K. , Kuberkar D.G.
Published: March 2013

Thin films of La0.8-xPr0.2SrxMnO3 (LPSMO) (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) manganite, synthesized using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique, were irradiated by 200MeV Ag+15 ions with an ion fluence of 5 × 1011 ions/cm2. Structural and microstructural characterizations have been carried out using XRD and AFM show single crystalline nature of the films having island like grain growth. The structural and grain morphology modifications due to irradiation has been observed. Temperature dependent resistivity measurements have been carried out for all the films before and after irradiation, which reveal a reduction in the resistivity and enhancement in insulator - metal (I-M) transition temperature (TP) with Sr content (x) resulting in improved transport (reduced resistivity and enhanced TP) in the films which can be attributed to the irradiation induced improved crystallinity and grain morphology. Temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) improves on irradiation which is useful for practical applications.
Comparison of Certain Local Pseudopotentials and a New Proposal
Authors: Patel Smruti J. , Vahora A.Y. , Thakore B.Y. , Jani Ashvin R.
Published: March 2013

A new proposal of a local pseudopotential is put forwarded here depending on the concept of extended core radius in which half of the nearest neighbour distance is treated as effective core radius. There is no input of any property for fitting this parameter in this formalism. This pseudopotential is found to satisfy all the necessary requirements for applications. With this model potential we have evaluated the form factors for several bcc, fcc and hcp metals and achieved excellent agreement with previous results. On the same footing, we have examined other 14 local pseudo potentials also and on the basis of the comparison, the presently proposed pseudopotential is found to be much better. As a test case study, we have evaluated phonon dispersion curves of some liquid metals, viz. Na (Z = 1), Mg (Z = 2), Al (Z= 3) and Pb (Z = 4) and obtained quite satisfactory results.