bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast and accurate 31P B1-mapping at high magnetic fields with short TRs.
Authors: Widmaier Mark , Kaiser Antonia , Baup Salome , Xiao Ying , Jiang Yun , Huang Zhiwei , Wenz Daniel , Xin Lijing
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Fast and accurate B1 mapping for 31P MRI is challenging due to the low sensitivity of 31P nucleus and its long T1 relaxation times. Goal(s): This study aims to develop a fast B1 mapping approach for 31P at 7T. Approach: A look-up table approach was adopted to enable B1 mapping at short TR. Fast spiral encoding together with weighted averaging was implemented with a GRE sequence to further accelerate the acquisition. Results: B1 mapping was validated in phantom and in vivo in human calf muscle and brain within a scan time of 10min. Impact: The presented fast and accurate B1 mapping correction method is particularly suited for moderate to short repetition times, showing promise for future applications in rapid X-nuclei imaging.
Modulation of cross-hierarchy propagating waves across sleep stages
Authors: Liu Xufu , Picchioni Dante , Yang Yifan , de Zwart Jacco , Duyn Jeff , Liu Xiao
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Endogenous brain activity plays a pivotal role during sleep. Previous research suggested that endogenous brain activity during wakefulness can take the form of infra-slow waves propagating along the cortical hierarchical gradient. But it remains unclear how these infra-slow waves modulate across sleep stages. Goal(s): To elucidate sleep stage dependent changes in the cross-hierarchy propagations. Approach: We measured and analyzed overnight fMRI/EEG data. Results: The cross-hierarchy propagating waves modulate systematically across sleep stages. REM sleep features more frequent propagations from sensory/motor regions to higher-order brain networks, which are associated with eye movements and characterized by phase shifts in the thalamus, pons, and visual cortex. Impact: The findings reveal a highly structured nature of endogenous brain dynamics during REM sleep and their potential link to known REM features of electrophysiological PGO waves and eye movements.
Functional brain network reconfiguration from rest to movie changes across repeated movie-viewing and associates with free recall performance
Authors: Ng Eric , Yue Wan Lin , Qian Xing , Wong Kian Foong , Chee Michael , Zhou Juan Helen
Published: November 2024

Motivation: It remains unclear if brain functional reconfiguration from resting state is cognitively relevant for naturalistic conditions. Goal(s): To establish changes in brain functional connectivity (FC) similarity between rest and repeated movie watching and their relation with memory in young adults. Approach: We studied intra- and inter network FC similarity changes across 3 movie-viewing BOLD fMRI sessions, and correlated similarity measures with memory recall scores of one movie. Results: Movies with higher cognitive load and narrative structure evidenced stronger changes in rest-movie functional reconfiguration across sessions; association with recall scores shifted from sensory networks to associative networks over sessions. Higher similarity was more advantageous. Impact: Rest-movie functional reconfiguration lent support to the hypothesis that less reconfiguration may reflect higher information processing efficiency by brain functional networks. It further informs memory encoding and retrieval in naturalistic contexts.
Effects of MRI acoustic noise on resting state functional connectivity
Authors: Hikishima Keigo , Tsurugizawa Tomokazu , Kasahara Kazumi , Hayashi Ryusuke , Takagi Ryo , Yoshinaka Kiyoshi , Nitta Naotaka
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Loud acoustic noise during resting state fMRI can affect functional connectivity (FC), but the precise effect of MRI acoustic noise on FC is not well understood. Goal(s): To clarify the impact of MRI acoustic noise on FC. Approach: FC in mice under MRI acoustic noise was investigated using functional ultrasound (fUS), a functional imaging method based on relative cerebral blood volume, and the FC obtained was compared with FC by fMRI. Results: As acoustic noise increased, in the auditory network FC between the retrosplenial dysgranular and auditory cortexes decreased, while in the non-auditory network FC anticorrelation between the infralimbic and motor cortexes increased. Impact: Anticorrelation between the default mode network (e.g., infralimbic cortex) and task-positive networks (e.g., motor cortex) is an important feature of brain network antagonism. Attention should be paid to the acoustic noise level when fMRI to evaluate anticorrelation of such networks.
Bilateral resting-state functional connectivity reflects spontaneous neural interactions measured by mouse fMRI with optogenetic silencing
Authors: Moon Hyun Seok , Vo Thanh , Kim Seong-Gi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Despite the widespread use of resting-state fMRI in the neuroscience field, the relationship between functional connectivity and neural interactions is not fully understood. Goal(s): We aimed to explore whether resting-state functional connectivity arises from spontaneous neural interactions among brain regions. Approach: We conducted resting-state and multi-site optogenetic fMRI in excitatory or inhibitory neuron-specific optogenetic mouse models and examined their relationship. Results: Resting-state functional connectivity patterns were strongly correlated with optogenetic silencing-induced connectivity which revealed extensive intrahemispheric and interhemispheric neural interactions during rest. This result suggests that functional connectivity arises from neural interactions via polysynaptic structural connectivity. Impact: The results support the notion that functional connectivity stems from spontaneous neural interactions between regions. Our next goal is to investigate whether brain state-dependent functional connectivity alterations stem from enhanced or weakened neural interactions, using multi-site optogenetic silencing fMRI.
Hybrid dynamic bright and black blood angiography by vessel-selective saturation angiography
Authors: Entelmann Wiebke , Huhndorf Monika , Jansen Olav , Lindner Thomas
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Examining a simultaneous bright and black blood sequence. Goal(s): Demonstrate ability to simultaneously acquire bright and black blood contrast in one image, providing simultaneous information on time-resolved artery-selective blood flow as well as the vessel walls integrity. Approach: Feasibility was evaluated by comparing calculated magnetization from a Bloch simulation and measured signal values from volunteer. Results: Simulated and measured image data showed a largely similar course over time points. An outlier time point has to be further investigated. Best black blood contrast to surrounding tissue was not found at the time point with the lowest blood signal. Impact: The study demonstrates the ability to simultaneously acquire bright and black blood contrast in a single image set and resulting simultaneous information on time-resolved artery-selective blood flow as well as the vessel walls integrity.
Fontan Patients Exhibit Altered CBF and ATT Measurements in Gray and White Matter: an ASL Study.
Authors: Carpenter Emma , González-Zacarías Clio , Verma Sneha , Shen Jian , Xu Botian , Choi Soyoung , Suriany Silvie , Baas Koen , Joshi Anand , Leahy Richard , Chiarelli Peter , Wood John
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Patients with Fontan palliation of single ventricular heart disease have significant cognitive deficits that may result from their chronically low cardiac output. Goal(s): To determine whether global and regional brain oxygen delivery is normal in young adults after Fontan palliation. Approach: We measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial transit time (ATT) in 28 young adult Fontan patients and 31 age and sex matched control subjects using pseudocontinuous time-encoded arterial spin labeling (PCASL). Results: CBF and arterial transit time were increased, in Fontan subjects compared with controls. Oxygen delivery was decreased in the anterior and middle cerebral artery distribution. Impact: These data suggest that physiologic compensation to the low cardiac output state produced by Fontan circulation is insufficient to maintain cerebral oxygen delivery. Time-encoded PCASL potential provides an important biomarker to judge surgical and medical interventions in these patients.
Longitudinal Imaging of Spinal Cord Myelin Following C5 Hemisection Lesions with 3D Ultrashort Echo Time (UTE) Magnetization Transfer MR Imaging
Authors: Tang Qingbo , Ma Yajun , Cheng Qun , Du Jiang , Lu Paul , Chang Eric
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To characterize the dynamic spinal myelin changes in rats following C5 hemisection lesions, and to monitor the efficacy of stem cells or other remyelination treatmentsGoal(s): To detect myelin degeneration or regeneration in the spinal cord after SCIApproach: The rats were imaged post-injury noninvasively and longitudinally with a UTE-MT sequence for MT ratio (MTR) measurement1. White matter was approximated by thresholding the MTR maps using values from the intact left (contralateral) side of spinal cord. Results: A decrease in the white matter was observed on the right (ipsilateral) side caudal to the lesions, consistent with known myelin changes following spinal cord injuryImpact: Myelin changes in the rat spinal cord following hemisection lesions can be monitored non-invasively and longitudinally with MT ratio measurement. Such techniques can be used to detect myelin degeneration or regeneration in the spinal cord after SCI.
Detection of intracranial hemorrhage in healthy neonatal mice by T2*-weighted 7T MRI
Authors: Kono Rena , Ono Maiko , Parajuli Raj , Koyama Ryuta , Takado Yuhei
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Neonatal brain hemorrhage, which are observed in premature and even in full-term infants, could cause adverse neurological damage, however, the mechanism of hemorrhages is unknown and the validated information for neonatal hemorrhages, especially in asymptomatic neonates, is lacking. Goal(s): Our goal was to detect hemorrhages in the brains of untreated postnatal mice and evaluate the spatiotemporal information. Approach: T2*-weighted MR images were obtained from records of C57BL/6J mice at P0-1 and acquired hemorrhages were cross-validated by histological analysis. Results: We found that hemorrhages occur throughout the brain of healthy neonatal mice. Impact: In vivo MRI of untreated postnatal mice may serve as a useful tool to further investigate asymptomatic hemorrhages in full-term infants and will deepen our understanding of not only the mechanism of neonatal hemorrhages but also the brain development.
Scout and guidance line-based retrospective motion correction for susceptibility-weighted-imaging (SWI)
Authors: Deck Jeanette , Polak Daniel , Splitthoff Daniel , Clifford Bryan , Huang Yan , Lo Wei-Ching , Huang Susie , Conklin John , Wald Lawrence , Cauley Stephen
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Motion artifacts are a common source of artifacts in clinical brain imaging. Goal(s): To facilitate efficient retrospective motion correction for susceptibility-weighted-imaging (SWI). Approach: A 2 sec motion-free pre-scan and the repeated acquisition of additional k-space encoding lines (guidance lines) were implemented into an GRE-based SWI. Guidance lines are played as an additional gradient-echo before the imaging echo which retains the original scan efficiency. Scout and guidance lines are then used for very rapid, fully separable motion trajectory estimation and correction. Results: In vivo, reduced motion artifacts and increased image sharpness is demonstrated across several scans with instructed subject motion. Impact: Scout and guidance-lines based retrospective motion correction is introduced for SWI. Our approach enables efficient motion artifact mitigation while being minimally disruptive to standard clinical protocols and should improve the robustness and reproducibility of clinical brain imaging.
Diffusion artefact appearance in MRI with ultra-high spatial resolution
Authors: Hüfken Thomas , Bschorr Fabian , Rasche Volker
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Effect of free diffusion introduced image blur is well known but measurable samples always have solid boundaries which results in non-blur like artefacts in ultra-high-resolution images. Goal(s): Demonstration of diffusion introduced artefact behavior near impermeable barriers. Approach: A Monte Carlo simulation of particles undergoing a random walk was performed and CTI specific point spread functions (PSFs) and 1D images determined. Results: It was demonstrated that the PSF yields asymmetric blur and signal enhancement in direct vicinity of the barrier. Simulations clearly indicating the PSF to be dependent on spatial resolution and gradient strength. Impact: These results will help to prohibit misinterpretation of MR images of small structures with ultra-high-resolution MRI.
Improving the Accuracy of Cardiac T1 Maps with a Deep Learning-Based System: Virtual MOLLI Target and LocalNet
Authors: Yu Jui-Jung , Pan Nai-Yu , Ming-Ting Wu , Huang Teng-Yi , Chen Jia-Xiu , Liao Yu-Chen
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Accurate cardiac T1 mapping is crucial for diagnosing heart conditions, yet patient motion can cause misaligned images. We aimed to address this with an automatic registration system. Goal(s): Develop and validate a high-precision automatic registration system for aligning MOLLI cardiac images. Approach: We created a system that integrates a GAN-generated virtual MOLLI target (VMT) and a deep-learning-based multi-modal registration method (DL) and applied it to a dataset, using the fitting quality index (FQI) for assessment. Results: Our findings indicate that while all three tested registration methods improved alignment. Our VMT+DL system consistently performed well in datasets with significant motion, while traditional methods faltered. Impact: The VMT+DL system offers a robust alternative for cardiac T1 mapping in clinical settings, where patient movement can compromise image registration. It ensures the reliability of diagnostic imaging, which is crucial for patient care in cardiology.
Accelerating multiparametric imaging(MTP) by 12-fold using 64 channel head coil and CS Wave reconstruction
Authors: jiao chunlin , Jia Sen , Zhao Jiaying , Cheng Jing , Cui Zhuoxu , Ye Yongquan , Ye Yongquan , Li Ye , Liu Xin , Zheng Hairong , Jin Qiyu , Liang Dong
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The MULTIPLEX technique could quantify the T1/T2*/PD/Susceptibility maps in a single 3D scan but leads to a long scan time. Goal(s): This study aimed to develop sparsity regularized Wave-SNMs reconstruction methods to address the issue of slow 3D scanning of the MULTIPLEX technique. Approach: This work is based on a SNMs reconstruction method with the addition of a sparsity regular term of L1, which utilizes nulling maps with a short calibration time to achieve a 12-fold accelerated imaging. Results: Sparsity regularized Wave-SNMs reconstruction with Multi-Dimensional Integration quantification accelerate MULTIPLEX by 12-fold into a single scan of 2 minutes. Impact: The L1 regularized Wave-SNMs reconstruction could benefits the Mutli-Dimensional lntegration (MDI) quantification to achieve comparable accuracy and robustness as the reference scan with 70% reduction of scan time.
Susceptibility anisotropy imaging from single-orientation MRI with a training-free physics-informed autoencoder
Authors: Jochmann Thomas , Omira Ahmad , Kügler Niklas , Zivadinov Robert , Haueisen Jens , Schweser Ferdinand
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To overcome the clinical limitations of susceptibility tensor imaging (STI) due to the requirement for multiple head orientations. Goal(s): Develop a method to isolate χ13 and χ23 of the magnetic susceptibility tensor, from a single head orientation, enhancing the clinical viability of STI. Approach: Employing a deep learning-based autoencoder, calibrated via STI and optimized for each dataset to separate the tensor components without the need for training or data rotation. Results: The method successfully extracted χ13 and χ23 components comparable to the gold standard multi-orientation STI, showing potential for improved brain tissue characterization in conditions like multiple sclerosis. Impact: We present a simplified STI approach, extracting critical tensor components from a single orientation scan. The new technique allows to assess structural tissue integrity, particularly in white matter. Requiring only a single orientation renders it clinically feasible.
Use of distortion correction combined with deep learning reconstruction in DWI: how does image quality compare to conventional acquisition?
Authors: Scotti Alessandro , Vinsky Michael , Schrack Thomas , Guidon Arnaud , Atkins Melany
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The use of deep learning reconstruction, combined with Multiplexed Sensitivity Encoding (MUSE), can extend the benefit of distortion robustness in prostate DWI to poor SNR conditions while maintaining a large spatial matrix. Goal(s): The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quantitative image quality improvement provided by combining MUSE and DLR in DWI of the prostate. Approach: Quantitative analysis including SNR, CNR and ADC were compared through ROI analysis of MUSE DWI with conventional and DL reconstruction in 50 prostatic cancer patients. Results: DLR images demonstrated a significantly higher SNR and CNR. ADC values were consistent among methods. Impact: Deep learning reconstruction in combination with MUSE can be exploited for better prostate DWI image quality in cases of low SNR, or traded for increased resolution or reduced scan time.
Improvement of motion-related misalignments in dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI using advanced 3D fast elastic image registration
Authors: Kato Mana , Yoneyama Masami , Nagao Michinobu , Katumata Yasutomo , Sánchez-González Javier , Neelavalli Jaladhar , Peeters Johannes , Kabus Sven , Kodaira Kazuo , Ogawa Takumi , Hamatani Yutaka , Shiina Isao , Goto Yasuhiro , Morita Yasuyuki , Sakai Shuji
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Motion and breathing artifacts in DCE breast MRI can cause misalignment among each dynamic, resulting in inaccurate tumor assessment. Goal(s): Our goal was to demonstrate the feasibility of advanced fast elastic image registration (FEIR) for correction of misalignment in breast DCE MRI. Approach: FEIR was applied and evaluated in 11 patients who underwent breast DCE examinations. Results: Advanced FEIR clearly improved misalignments among dynamic scans and provided improved accuracy of time intensity curves (TICs). Impact: FEIR improves motion related misalignments among respective dynamic scans in DCE breast MRI, it could improve the TICs more accurately.
Exploring deceased-related attention and memory in suicide and non-suicide bereavement through fMRI decoding
Authors: Chang Chia-Chi , Schneck Noam , Sajda Paul
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Losing of a loved one to suicide is a uniquely difficult form of grief, often affecting a person’s ability to cope. It remains unclear what neural processes may cause intrusive thoughts to happen. Goal(s): To understand the processes that contribute to intrusive and spontaneous thoughts of loss. Approach: We trained a decoder to identify fMRI voxel-patterns associated with deceased-related attention and mental representations, which we then applied to another dataset acquired during mind-wandering to understand how these processes contribute to the occurrence of thoughts of loss. Results: Engagements of attention and memory increased during blocks where subjects reported having thought about their loss. Impact: The identification of attention and memory neural patterns in suicide related bereavement has the potential to recognize patients experiencing a poorer grief outcome and to help them improve grief trajectories
SHAP Interpretation of a Tree-Based Model for Deep Gray Matter QSM and R2* in First Episode Psychosis Patients and Their Response to Antipsychotics
Authors: Franco Pamela , Montalba Cristian , Caulier-Cisterna Raul , González Alonso , Undurraga Juan , Crossley Nicolás , Tejos Cristian
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Several studies have demonstrated altered neurochemicals in psychosis. QSM quantify susceptibility changes, which have been associated with iron concentrations in dopamine pathways. Goal(s): Identify the strongest predictive QSM and R2* in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and their response to antipsychotics using a tree-based model. Approach: A tree-base model to discriminate between treatment-responsive (RS) and treatment-resistant (TRS) FEP patients by looking at tissue susceptibilities. Results: Our model classifies RS and TRS patients: 96.67 ± 1.38 % accuracy. Also, TRS could be classified by QSM: left amygdala, right globus pallidus interna, and nucleus accumbens, which have been associated with decreased dopamine in TRS patients. Impact: The proposed features could be used in future studies to early detect TRS-FEP patients and promptly adopt adequate treatment. This intervention may improve their clinical outcomes and minimize the functional disability and social burden resulting from prolonged psychosis.
Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI of the substantia nigra distinguishes bipolar from unipolar depression
Authors: Kuai Xinping , Shao Dandan , Wang Shengyu , Wu Pu-Yeh , Wu Yan , Wang Xuexue
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Depression in bipolar disorder (BD-II) is frequently misdiagnosed as unipolar depression (UD), leading to inappropriate treatment and downstream complications. Goal(s): We aimed to evaluate neuromelanin (NM) MRI signal and volume changes in substantia nigra (SN) in HC, BD and UD patients. Approach: NM MRI was acquired and analyzed. Results: We found that compared with HC, patients with BD-II and UD had decreased CNR and increased volume on bilateral SN. The NM volume in BD-II group was increased compared to UD group. Furthermore, left and right NM volume exhibited the largest AUC for discriminating patient from HC, and BD from UD, respectively. Impact: Our findings revealed that abnormally decreased CNR and increased volume in SN region might underlie predisposition to BD-II and UD. NM MRI techniques can discriminate BD-II from UD and can be a useful clinical tool in evaluation of mental disorders.
Per-voxel classification of Modic changes in conventional MRI
Authors: Waldenberg Christian , Foss Harald , Hebelka Hanna , Brisby Helena , Lagerstrand Kerstin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Modic Changes (MCs) are often heterogeneous and difficult to classify objectively. Hence, new diagnostic tools are required to improve MC classification. Goal(s): This study aims to develop a data-driven model for the classification of MC lesions on a per-lesion and per-voxel level from conventional MR images. Approach: Conventional MR images from 12 patients were used to create an MC classification model by fitting three multivariate normal distribution functions to the MRI MC data which was subsequently used for MC classification. Results: The model reached high accuracy (74-100%), enabling a detailed classification on a per-voxel level and longitudinal tracking of MC transitions. Impact: This study introduces a data-driven model for classifying Modic changes in vertebral bone marrow using MR images. The model achieves high accuracy, enabling detailed classification and tracking of Modic change transitions, potentially improving patient diagnosis and care.
Use An Automated Pipeline to Quantify Erector Spinae Muscle Asymmetry and Correlate It with Quality of Life in Adult Degenerative Scoliosis
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wang Chenglong , Zhang Chengxiu , Wang Haijie , Song Yang , Zhao Jun , Yang Guang
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To explore the influence of erector spinae muscle asymmetry to adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) on patients' quality of life. Goal(s): To develop a pipeline for automated quantification of the normalized FCSA difference index (CDI) and left-right fat Infiltration asymmetry ratio (LFIAR) from MRI images for assessment of ADS. Approach: We used nnU-Net for precise anatomical segmentation on T2 images. Then, CDI and LFIAR were calculated and correlated to ADS scales. Results: The automated model adeptly delineated paravertebral muscle groups, which were used to calculate CDI and LFIAR. Noteworthy correlations between CDI, LFIAR, and ADS scales were found among male subjects. Impact: This research streamlines clinical workflows, imparts valuable insights into the severity of ADS, and equips clinicians with crucial data for informed clinical decision-making.
Quantitative parameters of bone marrow segmentation on WB-DWI in the prognostic staging of R-ISS II multiple myeloma
Authors: Zhou Junde , Wang Qin , Li Jiao , Xia Shuang , Zhang Haibo , Zhu Jinxia , Grimm Robert , Stemmer Alto , Xue Huadan , Jin Zhengyu
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Revised International Staging System stage II multiple myeloma (R-ISS II MM) patients have considerable prognostic heterogeneity. Goal(s): Use quantitative parameters of bone marrow segmentation on whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (WB-DWI) for risk stratification among R-ISS II MM patients. Approach: Univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical features and quantitative parameters of bone marrow segmentation extracted from MR Total Tumor Load software were used to identify predictors of progression-free survival and overall survival (OS). Results: On multivariate analysis, mean apparent diffusion coefficient (odds ratio=1.003, p=0.029, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.000-1.003) and albumin (odds ratio=0.942, p=0.051, 95%CI: 0.888-1.000) were independent predictors of OS. Impact: Quantitative parameters of bone marrow segmentation on WB-DWI can predict OS in R-ISS II MM patients, suggesting that these parameters can facilitate prognostic assessment of R-ISS II MM patients.
Potential for white matter microstructure quantification on a clinical 7T system
Authors: Asadi Saina , Pavan Tommaso , Hertanu Andreea , Lajous Helene , Hagmann Patric , Jelescu Ileana
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The potential of dMRI microstructure mapping at 7 Tesla is largely unexplored, due to ultra-high field challenges related to spatial distortions and uneven excitation. Goal(s): Assessing 7T dMRI for white matter microstructure estimation at 7T and examining the impact of acquisition protocol on model estimates. Approach: Standard Model parameter maps were derived from two acquisition protocols (bmax=3 vs bmax=13 $$$ms/\mu m^2$$$), to further investigate the relationship between parameter estimates both at ROI and voxel level. Results: We report high contrast-to-noise ratio microstructure maps. Our results highlight stronger region-wise and voxel-wise correlations between SM parameters in the higher b-value protocol. Impact: The diffusion microstructure field can greatly benefit from clinically-approved high-field systems with strong gradients, with flexibility to balance SNR, spatial resolution, and q-t sampling.
Diffusion-relaxation correlation spectroscopic imaging for evaluating change of white matter of X‑linked adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Wang Xingang , Wen Ru , Xiang Shaoxin , Zhe Wang , Yang Yuxin , Tan Liang , Liu Chen
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Diffusion-relaxation correlation spectroscopic imaging (DR-CSI) may be a useful tool for advancing our understanding of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and its impact on white matter. Goal(s): To measure the changes in white matter composition and microenvironment in ALD patients using DR-CSI. Approach: Recruited four groups of participants. DR-CSI was utilized with a multi-parametric approach, considering both diffusion and relaxation properties to provide a comprehensive view of the tissue microenvironment. Data analysis was performed to quantify changes in white matter composition. Results: In the context of ALD, DR-CSI can effectively differentiate between the diverse tissue compartments by examining diffusion and relaxation characteristics. Impact: This is of significant relevance for the diagnosis and treatment strategies of this rare disease. Moreover, the study results offer information regarding differences among ALD phenotypes, which holds potential value for individualized treatment and management development.
Comparison of Deuterium Metabolic Imaging and FDG-PET in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Bøgh Nikolaj , Aastrup Malene , Mortensen Janne , Gottrup Hanne , Blicher Jakob , Schulte Rolf , Borghammer Per , Kristensen Mattias , Hansen Esben , Vaeggemose Michael , Laustsen Christoffer
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Distinguishing Alzheimer’s Disease form other dementias is becoming increasingly important with the development of amyloid-targeting therapies. This requires extensive clinical and paraclinical work-up, often including structural and molecular brain imaging. Goal(s): To compare deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) with routinely used clinical imaging technologies for the detection of Alzheimer’s Disease. Approach: We performed a prospective clinical trial of 5 healthy age-matched controls compared with 10 patients Alzheimer’s dementia. Results: Deuterium metabolic imaging showed decreased metabolism in temporal and parietal brain regions in patients with Alzheimer’s disease compared with healthy controls. This hypometabolic pattern correlated well with FDG-PET. Impact: This preliminary study suggests that metabolic imaging in suspected dementia may be performed with DMI. This would allow simultaneous imaging of structural, vascular, and metabolic changes at a cost comparable to FDG-PET.
31P MRSI in Pediatric Low Grade Gliomas During Treatment at 7T
Authors: Lazen Philipp , Oonk Karleen , Obdeijn Iris , Klomp Dennis , Plasschaert Sabine , Lequin Maarten , Porro Giorgo , Hangel Gilbert , Wiegers Evita , Wijnen Jannie
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Treatment monitoring in pediatric brain tumors is often challenging. Non-invasive tools are needed to assess tumor activity accurately. Goal(s): To monitor changes in phospholipid metabolism (i.e., phosphomonoesters/phosphodiesters [PME/PDE]) in pediatric low grade gliomas. Approach: Eleven pediatric brain tumor patients underwent 31P-MRSI at 7T. PME/PDE in the tumor was compared to a normal-appearing brain voxel. Clinical outcomes were assessed, and results were compared between treatment and wait-and-scan groups. Results: Tumors selected for treatment showed higher PME/PDE ratios at baseline, hinting at potential aggressiveness. These ratios decreased during treatment but remained stable in the wait-and-scan group. Impact: Treatment monitoring in pediatric brain tumors is often challenging. Using 31P-MRSI we showed that tumors selected for treatment exhibited higher PME/PDE, signifying potential tumor aggressiveness. PME/PDE levels decreased during treatment, indicating potential for non-invasive assessment of treatment effects.
Assessing Cross-Site Variability in 129Xe Spectroscopy Measurements Across Major Scanner Platforms
Authors: Leewiwatwong Suphachart , Bechtel Aryil , Mummy David , Zhang Shuo , Lu Junlan , Cleveland Zackary , Willmering Matthew , Parra-Robles Juan , Fain Sean , Hahn Andrew , Driehuys Bastiaan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Hyperpolarized 129Xe gas exchange magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) lacks standardized healthy reference values. Goal(s): To standardize 129Xe gas exchange MRS biomarker reference values across different MRI systems and estimate a T2* for consistent analysis of 129Xe gas exchange MRI. Approach: Healthy 18-30 yr old non-smokers underwent 129Xe MRS using the consortium recommended protocol across three research centers and three different MRI vendors. Results: Findings indicated consistent RBC-to-membrane ratios across sites but slight differences in RBC shifts, oscillation amplitudes, and T2* values. Impact: Establishing healthy reference values for multi-site 129Xe spectroscopy will facilitate its incorporation into collaborative respiratory research.
Joint estimation of compartment-specific T2 relaxation and tumor microstructure using multi-echo-time IMPULSED MRI
Authors: jiang xiaoyu , Harkins Kevin , zu zhongliang , Xie jingping , Wang Jian , Gore John , Xu Junzhong
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The heterogeneity of T2 in tumors and its influences on estimates of tissue microstructure using diffusion MRI are poorly understood. Goal(s): Assessing how T2 heterogeneity biases IMPULSED-derived metrics of tumor microstructure and evaluating the potential of estimating multi-compartmental T2 and microstructural parameters simultaneously. Approach: This study quantifies the impact of T2 relaxation on IMPULSED-derived microstructural parameters using simulations and in vivo animal MRI in five tumor models, including brain, breast, prostate, melanoma, and colon cancer. Results: TE has a negligible impact on IMPULSED-derived cell sizes, and the TE-dependence of IMPULSED-derived intracellular volume fractions can be used to estimate the compartmental T2 values. Impact: Findings in this study contribute to the ongoing development and refinement of practical, non-invasive MRI techniques for characterizing tissue microstructure.
Improved readout-segmented EPI using deep learning reconstruction
Authors: Liu Wei , Darwish Omar , Benkert Thomas , Weiland Elisabeth , Nickel Marcel Dominik
Published: November 2024

Motivation: We explore the potential of deep learning reconstruction (DLR) to overcome challenges for readout-segmented EPI (rs-EPI) , ultimately leading to more efficient and high-quality diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Goal(s): We evaluate DLR's applicability for rs-EPI, aiming to improve image quality, reduce scan durations, and expand rs-EPI's clinical utility. Approach: We adapted the successful DLR method used in single-shot EPI (ss-EPI) to rs-EPI, conducting experiments for head and prostate diffusion imaging. Results: Our study demonstrates that DLR can improve image quality and reduce scan times in rs-EPI DWI, promising more efficient clinical imaging and potential applications in diverse diffusion imaging scenarios. Impact: The successful implementation of DLR in readout-segmented EPI DWI promises accelerated, high-quality diagnostics, directly benefiting clinicians and patients. Furthermore, DLR's potential for diverse diffusion imaging applications opens new research horizons, enhancing the field of MR imaging.
Echo-time dependence of microscopic fractional anisotropy using single-shot spiral encoding and free water elimination
Authors: Mushtaha Farah , Dubovan Paul , Khan Ali , Baron Corey
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Understand echo time (TE) dependence of microscopic fractional anisotropy (µFA) in white matter (WM), cortical grey matter (GM), and deep GM. Goal(s): Measure µFA at varying TEs and observe the trends in WM, cortical GM, and deep GM. Approach: Healthy volunteers were scanned with dMRI at 3T using a spiral imaging sequence with linear tensor encoding and spherical tensor encoding. µFA was calculated with and without free water elimination (FWE). Results: Linear regression fitting showed a downward trend in µFA in cortical GM and deep GM with increasing TE, both with and without FWE. Impact: We observed reducing µFA with increasing TE in grey matter for the first time, which was enabled by a spiral readout that greatly reduced the minimum TE (~20 ms). This TE-dependence can potentially be exploited for improved microstructural modelling.
Different Tracer Kinetic Models in predicting key molecular marker in adult diffuse Gliomas
Authors: Zhu Zhengyang , Hou Zujun , Zhou Jianan , Yang Huiquan , Tian Chuanshuai , Zhang Xin , Zhang Bing
Published: November 2024

Motivation: IDH, P53 and CDKN2A/2B are key molecular markers for adult diffuse gliomas. Goal(s): This study aimed to compare values of conventional and advanced tracer kinetic models based on dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI in predicting IDH, P53 and CDKN2A/B status in glioma patinets. Approach: Patients diagnosed as adult diffuse gliomas were examined using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Imaging data were analyzed using tracer kinetic models. Results: Extofts model attained best performance in predicting IDH mutation.ATH model attained best performance in predicting P53 mutation. DP model attained best performance in predicting CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion. Impact: Different Tracer Kinetic Models have illustrated excellent performance in predicting different molecular markers in glioma patients.
Automated MR Spectroscopy single-voxel placement in suspected diffuse glioma based on tumor biology
Authors: Chadha Saahil , Jacobs Sarah , Zeevi Tal , Tillmanns Niklas , Merkaj Sara , Lost Jan , Lin MingDe , Bousabarah Khaled , Holler Wolfgang , Memon Fatima , Aneja Sanjay , Aboian Mariam
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Acquiring single-voxel Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) data in clinic currently involves manual voxel placement by technicians without the time capacity to review tumor biology in detail, leading to poor-quality spectra. Goal(s): To achieve consistent and accurate single-voxel placement to minimize variability in metabolite quantification. Approach: We developed an auto-placement algorithm that identifies an optimized MRS single-voxel position and rotation based on tumor biology (tumor core, necrosis, and edema) and outputs this voxel as a mask on MR Imaging. Results: Performance of the automated MRS single-voxel placement rivals clinical placement and integrates with an existing clinically implemented automated brain tumor segmentation workflow. Impact: Our new algorithm will assist radiology technicians in reliably placing MR Spectroscopy single-voxels with accuracy that rivals clinical placement. This is a primary need for non-invasive diagnosis and management of diffuse gliomas.
Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Lymphangiogram of the Central Lymphatic System in Children: Overcoming the challenges in a non-hybrid environment
Authors: Poon Mei Yu , Chung Chi Yan Iris , Fung Kin Fen Kevin , Ng Wing Kei Carol , Kan Yee Ling Elaine
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Performing dynamic contrast-enhanced MR lymphangiogram (DCMRL) in children require general anesthesia. In a non-hybrid environment, the nodal puncture for DCMRL is often performed in the angiography suite. Transporting a pediatric patient under general anesthesia with needles to an MRI environment presents unique challenges. Goal(s): Develop a safe and effective workflow for DCMRL in non-hybrid setting. Approach: Meticulous planning and collaborations between radiology and anesthesiology teams ensure safe execution of DCMRL. Using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) also improve the logistic of intranodal DCMRL by minimizing patient transfer. Results: Careful coordination between Radiology and Anesthetic team results in successful and safe intranodal and intrahepatic DCMRL. . Impact: The ability to perform DCMRL in non-hybrid environment has significant implications for accurate diagnosis of lymphatic diseases, enabling improved treatment planning and better patient outcomes.
To evaluate the role that MR Spectroscopy and MR Perfusion play in characterizing breast masses on MR Mammograms with HPE correlation.
Authors: Sehrawat Abhishek
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To evaluate the role that MR Spectroscopy and MR Perfusion play in characterizing breast masses on MR Mammograms with HPE correlation. Goal(s): To compare the findings of the Histopathological Evaluation (HPE) with the radiological diagnosis. To evaluate the role that MR Spectroscopy and MR Perfusion play in the identification of breast masses.Approach: 160 patients were included in prospective research design for eight months. Patients with k/c/o carcinoma, sono-mammography, post-operative evaluation, and screening mammography were included. Results: MRI diagnosis and histopathological results correlated in 86.1% patients. Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MR perfusion kinetics have been highly sensitive in distinguishing benign and malignant lesions. Impact: MR mammography has been demonstrated that MR Perfusion is extremely sensitive in identifying benign from malignant breast lesions. In order to provide sufficient information to differentiate between breast tumors, MR Spectroscopy has proven useful adjunct to MR Perfusion.
Incident reports of bringing ferromagnetic objects into the magnetic resonance imaging room in the past 10 years
Authors: Uemura Miho , Akatsuka Yoshihiro , Nakanishi Mitsuhiro , Ogura Keishi , Asanuma Osamu
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The fatal accidents in the MRI room are caused by the bringing of ferromagnetic objects. It is necessary to identify the trends in incidents. Goal(s): Our goal was to investigate the relationship between the frequency of bringing ferromagnetic objects and years of MRI experience. Approach: We compiled incident reports for the past 10 years, extracted reports related to the bringing of ferromagnetic objects. Results: There were 26 reports of ferromagnetic objects brought introduced, and half of the reports were from technologists with less than one year of MRI experience. Impact: In order to prevent the adsorption accidents of the ferromagnetic objects, it is important to understand the causes of such incidents and the characteristics of our own facilities. Sharing this survey will lead to the prevention of similar incidents.
Optimized MRI workflow in colon cancer scan
Authors: LIU SHA , SUN NAN , GUAN ZHEN , LI XIAO TING , YANG YU XIN , XUE KE
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Torso enhanced CT is the standard method for colon cancer staging. MRI is a complimentary method. Our purpose is to develop a MR Colon cancer scanning method with simple process and short scan time. Goal(s): develop a new T2WI breath-hold scanning technique that eliminates the need for bowel preparation and reduces scan time. Approach: compared the image quality between trans-axial T2WI and axial T2WI in visualization of anatomical structure. Results: Patient examination time for our colon MRI is less than 10min, compared with conventional MRI, our approach offered a simplified and expedited means of visualizing lesion details with superior clarity. Impact: Our research focused on MRI scan optimization. Without bowel preparation, using breath-hold, our creative trans-axial imaging plan becomes highly manageable and enables efficient repetition of the entire process.
A motion aware DNN model with edge focus loss and quality control for short-axis left ventricle segmentation of cine MR sequences
Authors: Sun Zheng , Lu Jie
Published: November 2024

Motivation: We propose a motion aware DNN model for cardiac sequence segmentation. Goal(s): We construct an in-house dataset which has three advantages: segmentation annotations covering the cardiac cycle; comprehensive annotations, including the annotations of interventricular groove structure; fine annotations of endocardium. Approach: We propose an edge focus loss to make the segmented boundaries be consistent with the local gradient of the input images and propose a quality control method based on Image Moments to filter abnormal predictions. Results: The experimental results highlight the accuracy of the proposed model, and the fine segmentation results could be used to estimate accurate clinical indicators for clinical diagnosis. Impact: In experiments, we compare the proposed model with 12 state-of-the-art segmentation models, and our model have obtained the highest accuracy for the segmentation and the highest PCC on the 17-segment model.
A prospective multi-model study on comparative analysis of MRI with 18F-FAPI or 18F-FDG PET/CT to detect intestinal fibrosis in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Li Zhoulei , Wang Yangdi , Zhang Ruonan , Huang Siyun , Zhao Chen , Feng Shi-Ting , Li Xuehua
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The accurate diagnosis of intestinal fibrosis is very important for CD management. Goal(s): The characterization of intestinal fibrosis by using non-invasive imaging techniques on intestinal lesions with various fibrosis and inflammation, to explore the optimal clinical applications for commonly used imaging techniques in clinical practice for fibrotic diagnosis, providing valuable insights for clinical decision-making. Approach: PET/CT and MTI were performed on animal and patient to investigate their efficiency on analyzation of intestinal fibrosis. Results: The diagnostic effect of 18F-FAPI PET/CT in detecting CD fibrosis surpasses that of 18F-FDG PET/CT, while comparable to MTI, and offers great potential in early detection of intestinal fibrosis. Impact: MTI is the most accurate technique for detecting intestinal fibrosis. 18F-FAPI PET/CT represents an optimal imaging technique currently, in terms of early fibrosis detection. However, its interpretation with fibrosis still requires caution due to the slight susceptibility to co-existing inflammation.
Multi-echo SWI at 0.5T: Acquisition and AI-Reconstruction
Authors: Rajamani Sajith , C Florintina , Sundaresan Rajagopalan , Reddy Ashok Kumar , Narula Arjun , Limbachiya Mayuri , Joel Suresh , Venkatesan Ramesh
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To explore the feasibility of multi-echo susceptibility weighted imaging at 0.5T as lower field strength MRI scanners are cost effective. Goal(s): Assess the effectiveness of swi at lower field strength as it is one of the important sequences in Brain MRIApproach: This study involves acquisition of 3D multi-echo gradient echo sequence to generate SWI with combination of protocol optimization specifically for 0.5T and Denoising both real and imaginary images using deep learning algorithm to boost SNRResults: Findings shows SWI at 0.5T can provide information about susceptibility variations in brain and helps improve diagnosis. Impact: SWI at 0.5T using deep learning-based reconstruction will increase the quality of image by improving SNR, reducing artefacts imparted by the noise in phase.
Accessibility Of MRI Services At The Top Of The World, Nepal
Authors: Aryal Babina , Lamgade Usha Poudel , Chhetri Karuna Raya , Gwachha Sunita , Maharjan Surendra
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Due to the geographical landscape, lack of developmental infrastructure, poor healthcare system, and expensive health costs, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is not accessible in all parts of Nepal. Goal(s): Our goal was to evaluate the accessibility of MRI services in Nepal Approach: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect the data from different clinical settings. Results: We demonstrated the non-uniform distribution of MRI systems across the country. Impact: The results of this study could be used by authorized healthcare legal bodies to improve uniform MRI accessibility across the country.
The future role of MRI in confirming and monitoring multiple sclerosis diagnosis without intravenous administration of GBCAs.
Authors: Jaftha Mariaan , Van Rensburg Susan Janse , Kemp Merlisa , Robertson Frances , Kotze Maritha , Johannes Clint , Van Toorn Ronald , Engel-Hills Penelope
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). MS diagnosis needs the objective assessment of white matter (WM) lesions as they disseminate both in space and time. Goal(s): More refined MRI sequences have vastly improved the characterisation of brain volume and focal white matter lesions. Approach: In this study, MRI scans were obtained of 25 adult females diagnosed with relapsing remitting MS and 25 control subjects without MS. Results: Data collected shows a clear distinction between the lesion volumes from the two groups and enhances the validity of MRI and its potential clinical applicability. Impact: The high costs and chance of allergic reactions to GBCAs may impose limitations within the patient’s treatment plan. Our study reaffirms the value of MRI without the use of GBCAs and demonstrates its potential for long-term monitoring of MS.