bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Quercetin and Silymarin and Their Synergistic Effect on Hep G2 Cell Lines
Authors: Raut Dinesh , Deore Manswi , Shirode Devndra
Published: May 2023

Purpose
One of the biggest causes of mortality among people is cancer. Plants may contain potential bioactive substances that might be used to provide "new leads" in the fight against cancer and other disorders. The main objective of this present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic activities of Quercetin and Silymarin and their Synergistic effect on Hep G2.
Method
The cytotoxic activity of this individual drug and in combination was confirmed by the consideration of IC50 by MTT assay.
Results
The results show that IC50 of Quercetin 50 µg, Silymarin 40 µg, and combination 30 µg respectively. The combination of these drugs shows a significant increase in cytotoxic effect and anti-proliferative effect compared with individual drugs. Thus, the results indicate that this combination has anti -hyper carcinogenic effect.
Danger, Students Beware, School Ahead! Gun Violence Exposure Near Schools in Compton, California
Authors: Barboza Gia , Meshelemiah Jacquelyn
Published: May 2023

Gun-related violence exposure is a significant public health problem for urban youth. Few studies have implemented methods to estimate the spatial influence of activity spaces on gun violence exposure constrained by the physical configuration of walkable street networks. The present research uses computational network and local indicators of spatial autocorrelation methods to explore gun violence exposure along the walkable streets near schools in Compton, California. Findings demonstrated strong evidence that gun violence is clustered at all distances along the pedestrian network and in proximity to Compton Unified School District K-12 schools reaching a maximum between 1.2-1.8 miles after which the attractiveness of schools to gun violence was inhibiting. Almost all schools had at least one shooting within a 5-minute walk (i.e., about 400 m); 37.8% of schools had an average shooting distance less than 400 meters; about 250 incidents occurred within 5-minutes of schools, and about 30 schools had a shooting within a 5-minute walking distance. Determining the spatial extent of violence exposure in proximity to key activity spaces for youth, such as schools, has substantial implications for youth living in violence-prone areas. The public health and legal implications of this study are discussed in context.
Crop Yield Prediction of Wheat using CNN and Remote Sensing multispectral imagery, a hybrid approach
Authors: Ashfaq Muhammad , Khan Imran
Published: May 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Smart automated fish feeding based on IoT system using LoRa TTGO SX1276 and cayenne platform
Authors: Silalahi Alfriska Oktarina , Sinambela Amsal , Panggabean Hans Mawito , Pardosi Jekson T. N.
Published: May 2023

One type of aquaculture that is commonly found in Indonesia is freshwater fisheries in the form of densely stocked fish ponds. An important factor that supports the success of this aquaculture is an appropriate and scheduled feeding system the fish. To address this problem, this paper proposed a smart automation system was designed and implemented to perform feeding management with solar panel as the power. To enhance the productivity of the fish, this paper proposing a new contribution based on Internet of Things (IoT) solution that could control and monitoring the schedule time and amount of feeding and the food behavior of fish. This system is accessed through the Cayenne website and using LoRa TTGO SX1276 to microcontroller and it showed that the schedule and amount of feed was successful with a high accuracy and the panel system also worked well in monitoring and controlling the power system. From the results of testing the entire system, it can be concluded that the feeding automation system can help optimize the productivity of freshwater aquaculture, and provides an innovative solution which user-friendly, secure, scalable, low cost and go green, reliable
The technical assessment of the level of innovative traction transmission of railway vehicle
Authors: Abdullaev Ayaz , Huseynov Ilham , Elyazov Israil , Abdullaev Ramin
Published: May 2023

The article deals with the development of an innovative model of traction transmissions of railway vehicles with a higher technical level, which allows to eliminate the existing shortcomings of the mechanical system, simplify the repair processes and reduce the cost, and evaluate its technical level. By reducing the overall dimensions and weight of the mechanical system, increasing reliability due to equal distribution of the load and shortening the power arm, as well as reducing the number of structural elements, increasing the useful work coefficient due to the reduction of the mass of double sliding pads and rotating parts, saving electricity and thereby improving the technical level of rail transport. Traction transmissions consisting of an innovative reducer are offered that ensure the increase.

The technical level of the proposed dart transmission is determined based on three compatibility parameters with a creative approach. Compatibility parameters are determined according to the minimum value of the geometric dimensions characterizing the mass of the mechanical system, the maximum value of the useful work coefficient characterizing economic efficiency, as well as the maximum values of the degree of reliability characterizing safety. The technical level of the proposed project transmitter is determined and compared with existing buildings, its technical and economic advantages are highlighted. As a result of the application of the proposed innovative reducers in the traction drives of railway vehicles, the basis is created for reducing the cost and maintenance costs of traction vehicles, increasing the level of traffic safety, as well as improving the traction and braking characteristics
Manikam Kalbu and Nusantara Women: An Inquiry into Regional Female Expertise and Knowledge
Authors:   Department of History, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Mohamed Ariffin Nur Dayana
Published: May 2023

What was the role of women as gatekeepers and users of technology before its modernisation and institutionalisation in Nusantara? How were they custodians of specific knowledge formed in and around the Malay world? There is no adequate amount of information in the archives for these questions to be answered sufficiently, but in Manikam Kalbu, Faisal Tehrani’s novel about two Malay seamsters set in a parallel period—the Malaccan sultanate in the 16th century and Malaysia in the 20th century—elicits the profound mastery of the material, tools, and art of sewing and craftsmanship by female characters who were depicted as caretakers of traditional knowledge and gatekeepers of their respective craft. Such depictions are either skewed or non-existent in Malay or Indonesian historiography, as many historical narratives are male-centric or focused on the political participation or domestic roles of women as wives and mothers. This study aims to uncover traces of historical reality from Faisal Tehrani’s fictional world as a means to fill the gap in historical literature and paint a critical and often absent picture of women in Nusantara, their expertise, their knowledge and the continuities of traditional and indigenous knowledge.
Al-Jabiri’s Quranic Hermeneutics and Its Significance for Religious Education
Authors:   Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga, Jl. Marsda Adisucipto, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Lessy Zulkipli ,   Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga, Jl. Marsda Adisucipto, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: May 2023

The Quran is believed to have always been in dialogue with mankind throughout the ages. Accordingly, each Muslim generation is responsible for presenting new interpretations. Therefore, al-Jabiri offered a hermeneutic approach to interpreting Quranic verses and Islamic turâts (cultural heritage) to explore the meanings and significance of sacred and canonical texts. This study aims to analyse al-Jabiri’s Quranic hermeneutics, its application and its significance for religious education. Hence, the application of the holistic method in analysing al-Jabiri’s works is to construct main ideas and contextual meanings. According to al-Jabiri, the hermeneutic approach fulfils the interpretation’s demand for objectivity and continuity. The conceptual framework of sharia universality and the main purpose of sharia is used as a contextualisation paradigm for the interpretation of scripture, while the chronology of revelation is used as a basis for contextually aligned interpretation. His efforts to formulate the concept of human rights in the Quran are based on the application of his hermeneutic approach to verses that speak of human nature. Although it does not specifically discuss education, al-Jabiri’s hermeneutic approach is appreciated as a foundation for the development of religious education. Therefore, religious education is required to execute its role in humanisation and hominization.
Analysis of Preference Factors of Potential Consumers in Container Housing
Authors:   Korea Urban & Real Estate Association, Lee Jung-Ha , Jeong Eun-Jeong , Park Tae-Won
Published: May 2023

In recent real estate, modular architecture, which is shift away from expensive buildings, has been used in various ways as an alternative function to existing rigid real estate, and in particular, architecture using similar containers is attracting attention as a new spatial function. In this study, in terms of the utilization of new flexible spaces, the spatial components should be considered by people who have actual demand standpoint in applying residential architecture using containers to the actual situation in Korea were analyzed in various visual aspects. In order to derive variables through previous studies and expert opinions and verify demand as an alternative living space, in-depth interviews were conducted with homeowners and consumers with purchasing power, and additionally, In order to collect a wide range of opinions, factor analysis was conducted through a questionnaire survey in the Seoul metropolitan area who are willing to purchase from 20s to 40s. As a result of the in-depth interview, it was found that the preference for individual location and group location, including infrastructure accessibility, coexisted, and safety and privacy protection were also of interest, and property value formation and profitability were considered factors. According to the survey results, four factors were converged: “Settlement environment factors”,“Development condition factors”,“business strategy factor”, and “Material Utilization Factor”. Among them, “Material Utilization Factor” was not a factor to be considered by in-depth interviewees. This is a result that the age group of the survey is distributed in various ways and the opinions of the younger generation are widely reflected, and it will be worthy of reference in various marketing strategies in terms of dissemination and activation as a future product.
A Study on the Transition and the Effects of Pre-negotiation System for Urban Planning Revision in Seoul
Authors:   Korea Urban & Real Estate Association, Hong Sun-Ki , Nam Jin
Published: May 2023

In 2009, Pre-negotiation System for Urban Planning Revision (PSUPR) was introduced as a model of collaborative planning through the integrated negotiation for good development with the harmony of near surrounding areas and the social share of the planning profit from the change zoning of the grand scale development projects in Seoul Metropolitan Government. This study aims to confirm the background of the introduction for PSUPR, and to review the transition with periodical situations and social needs, and also to confirm the evolutionary appropriateness of the system in accordance with the original purpose of PSUPC and succeedingly periodical situations.
According to the analysis results, the effects of PSUPR have successfully evolved as providing planning profit not only wider areas but also various types such as lands, buildings, or cash. But, for systematical developments of PSUPR, the use of planning profit should be diversified from the early construction expenses to the maintenance and repair costs after completion.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN PERCUTANEOUS DRAINAGE AND OPEN SURGICAL DRAINAGE AS A TREATMENT MODALITY FOR ILIOPSOAS ABSCESS
Authors:   Professor, Department of GeneralSurgery, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College Kalaburagi., Kappikeri V.S. , Devani Rohit ,   Assistant Professor, Department of GeneralSurgery, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College Kalaburagi., Kalaskar Nitin ,   Associate Professor, Department of GeneralSurgery, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College Kalaburagi., Puranik Vijay ,   Assistant Professor, Department of GeneralSurgery, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College Kalaburagi., Ketan Bhatt Swati ,   Resident, Department of GeneralSurgery, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College Kalaburagi.
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Most of the relevant literature on Iliopsoas Abscess(IPA) is in the form of case reports and short case series.[1] The incidence of IPA is reported to be 12 new cases per year worldwide.[2] A secondary IPA shows direct extension of infection from a neighbouring organ, and primary IPA shows hematogenous spread from an unknown source.[3,4]Computed Tomography(CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) have helped in the early diagnosis of IPA.[8,9] Treatment consists of adequate drainage. Aim:To compare percutaneous drainage and open surgical drainage as a treatment modality for iliopsoas abscess. Settings and Design: Retrospective study. Methods and Materials: All patients aged 18 to 60years with IPA admitted to the Department of GeneralSurgery of our institute, between 1st of March, 2012 and 31st of July, 2022 were included. Results: Nineteen out of thirty patients(63.3%) were males. Average age was 30.5years. Seventeen(56.7%) cases had primary IPAs, and Staphylococcus spp. was the most common isolate. Thirteen(43.3%) cases had secondary IPAs, with spinal tuberculosis being the most common underlying condition. Eight patients(26.7%) were subjected to open surgical drainage and 22(73.3%) to percutaneous drainage(PCD) under ultrasound(US) guidance. Nine-and-a-half days on an average, were spent in the hospital. 8.5 days vs. 12.1 days, was the hospital stay for PCD patients compared to open drainage patients. The overall recurrence rate was 10%. No mortality was recorded. Conclusion: When utilized to treat IPAs, US guided PCD with proper antibiotics is secure and productive, with a shorter hospital stay. Open surgical drainage may be required if the IPA is multiloculated or if there is an underlying disease.
THE PROFILE OF COMMON POISONINGS AND ITS OUTCOME IN A TERTIARY CAREHOSPITAL MYSURU
Authors:   Junior Resident, Department of General Medicine, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Irwin Road, Mysore, Karnataka., R. Vignesh , M.S Bharath ,   Assisstant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Irwin Road, Mysore, Karnataka., D.K Suneetha ,   Professor and HOD, Department of General Medicine, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Irwin Road, Mysore, Karnataka.
Published: May 2023

Background and Objective: Poisoning is a common medico-social problem worldwide. Its pattern and outcome varies from place to place causing significant morbidity and mortality.Hence this is an attempt to study the profile of common poisonings and its outcome inour tertiary-care hospital. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study. we studied 100 admitted poisoning patients in Krishna Rajendra hospital, Mysore who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria .The demographic data, compound details, its complications and outcome were analyzed. Results: In this study most of them were in the age group of 21-30years(37%),76 % were males and 24% were females. Majority of them were married(74%),48% were illiterate, 80% were from rural areas with lower socioeconomic status(65%).The most common poisoning was Non-Organophosphorus compound â€“Cypermethrin(35%).(20% )Organophoshorus compound,(15%)aluminum phosphide,(12%) multiple tablets,(7%) unknown,(4%)paraquat,(4%)Ratpowder,(2%)Rat paste,(1%)acid ingestion. Majority were suicidal (88%),13% had ICU admissions and 11%died. Conclusion: In this study pesticides were the most common poison leading to significant mortality ,with majority of them being suicidal.Hence there is a need for stringent pesticide regulation laws and suicidal prevention awareness in the society.This study also emphasizes the need of psychological counseling and mental health training programs to the targeted population to reduce the incidence of suicidal poisoning.
ASSESSMENT OF CARDIAC FUNCTIONS IN RELATION WITH ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN CHRONIC ALCOHOLIC PATIENTS
Authors:   Department of General Medicine., Bhargava Mohit , Abbas Shahid ,   Sri Aurobindo Medical College & Postgraduate Institute-Indore (M.P.).
Published: May 2023

Background: Alcohol is most commonly abused drug worldwide. It has been shown to produce toxic effects in almost every organ system in the body. Many of these medical conditions can be attributed to direct effects of alcohol whereas others are indirect sequelae that may result from nutritional deficiencies or predisposition to trauma. Alcohol consumption has been associated with a variety of cardio vascular disorders this study was thus undertaken to know the Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic abnormalities in asymptomatic chronic alcoholic patients. Materials and Methods: This Analytical Cross sectional Study was carried out during 1stApril 2021to 30thSept 2022 in 100 chronic alcoholic patients in the age group of 21-40 years with daily alcohol intake of > 80 g/day for > 5 years., having history of chronic alcoholism as defined, for more than 5 years were evaluated by electrocardiography and echocardiography. Patients with known diabetics, hypertensive and cardiovascular disorders were excluded from the study group. Results: The prevalence of cardiovascular abnormalities in patients of chronic alcoholism is 37% in our study. Most common ECG changes are sinus tachycardia (18%), and Non specific ST-T changes (9%). Most common 2D ECHO changes was increased posterior wall thickness (11%) and followed by increased interventricular septum thickness and decreased ejection fraction (<40%). The prevalence of cardio vascular abnormalities are more with increased duration of alcohol consumption and also high in advanced age group. Conclusions: This study confirms that many electrocardiographic as well as echocardiographic changes occur prior to symptomatic cardiac disorders established to be caused by chronic alcohol intake such as alcoholic cardiomyopathy .which probably are early indictors of ongoing effects of alcohol and are reversible during the early stages detected by non invasive investigations like Electrocardiography and Echocardiography that later proceeds to alcoholic dilated cardiomyopathy.
A REVIEW ON COMPREHENSION AND ACCRETION OF ARSENIC IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) PLANT
Authors:   Student of M.Sc., Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kolkata-700114, West Bengal, India., Basak Priyadarshini , Choudhury Bhaskar ,   Associate Professor, Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kolkata-700114, West Bengal, India.
Published: May 2023

Consuming rice exposes you to arsenic (As), which is dangerous for your health. The buildup of As in rice was investigated in this study. According to research, Bangladesh and Taiwan have higher levels of As buildup in their rice than other nations. Furthermore, the key elements affecting the uptake of As into rice crops are described. Additionally, it was investigated if it would be possible to use efficient methods to lessen the buildup of As in rice. Arsenic is a hazardous element that has the ability to harm peoples health. In addition to being a source of both amino acids (AAs) and mineral elements, rice is an unwelcome supply of As for the billions of people who eat it as their main source of nutrition. A necessary metalloid called selenium (Se) has the ability to reduce As toxicity by enhancing antioxidant capacity. Through phosphate transporters and intrinsic channels that resemble nodulin 26, As(V) and As(III) are delivered to the root. The entry of methylated As, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), into the root may be significantly influenced by the silicic acid transporter. DMA(V) is very mobile in plants and is quickly translocated from root to shoot among As species. The use of microalgae and bacteria is the most effective agronomic strategy for reducing the uptake and accumulation of As in rice.
EDIFÍCIO PASSAGEM COMO TEMA DE ENSINO NA UFPE
Authors: Motta Enio Laprovitera , Moraes Mariana
Published: May 2023

A disciplina Oficina de Projeto 1 se apoia num método de análise histórica focado nas passagens cobertas parisienses do XIX para, a partir destas, pensar edifícios-passagens para a atual cidade do Recife. O edifício-passagem é descrito como um modelo físico de arquitetura cuja essência repousa numa determinada concepção de cidade.O retorno às passagens do século XIX é um artifício metodológico que visa iluminar a postura do arquiteto e do professor ao analisar a matéria histórica (a cidade): trata-se, como diz Walter Benjamin (1985), de olhar o passado na perspectiva dos vencidos, e, assim, ressuscitar tipos históricos esquecidos. A prática pedagógica adotada neste ateliê de projeto procurou desconstruir o edifício-passagem em seus elementos principais - o portal, a galeria e os espaços subordinados - para, a partir desta análise, abrir a possibilidade de uma releitura contemporânea. A análise reflete sobre o porquê de este tipo de edifício ganhar sentido na atual problemática urbana recifense - fundada num modelo arquitetônico opaco, apático e privatista - e, neste caminho, o porquê de textos clássicos dos anos 1960 e 1970 (Jacobs, Rossi, Norberg-Schulz e, um pouco antes, o próprio Benjamin) só agora encontrarem solo fértil nos ateliês de projeto da UFPE.
Insights Into the Synthetic Strategies, Biological Activity, and Structure-
Activity Relationship of Pyridine and Analogs: A Review
Authors: Matthew Aprajita , Kumar Rajnish , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Bhadauria Harshita
Published: May 2023

Based on various research reports, pyridine possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities
along with many other industrial applications. Because of its diverse applications, pyridine
moiety is the center of attraction for researchers, and many patents have been granted focusing on it.
Several synthetic protocols, such as cyclo-condensation, cyclization, cycloaddition, electrolysis, etc.,
were used by researchers to synthesize pyridine and analogs. Each synthetic protocol has merits and
demerits and requires several types of reagents, catalysts, and reaction conditions. So, there is always
a need for careful analysis of reported synthetic protocols whenever researchers like to initiate research
on synthesizing pyridine and its analogs. The therapeutic activity of successfully marketed
drugs might be possible because of the presence of pyridine in their structure. Any small alteration in
the structure of the medicinal compounds may produce a major change in their pharmacological action.
So, the correlation between the structure of its analogs with biological activity is also important.
The proposed article also includes recently reported pharmacological activities and the structureactivity
relationship of pyridine and its analogs. This article aims to help the researchers by highlighting
recently reported methods for synthesizing pharmacologically useful pyridine analogs and their
merits.
Chemistry of Thieno [2,3-h]-/[3,2-h] Quinoline and Thieno [2,3-f]-/[3,2-f]
Quinoline Derivatives Part (x), Reactivities, and Biological Activities
Authors: Gouda Moustafa A. , Al-Hadhrami Nahlah A. , Abu-Hashem Amin A. , Abdelgawad Ahmed A.M. , Salem Mohamed A.
Published: May 2023

Several thieno [2,3-h] /[3,2-h] quinolines and thieno [2,3-f] /[3,2-f] quinolines (TQs) are
discussed in this review from a few perspectives, including various preparation and processing methods
employing cutting-edge machinery. The preparation of (TQs), from 4-(5)aminobenzothiophene,
2(3)chloromethylthiophene, 2(3)thienylboric acid, and other chemical reagents is illustrated via a
number of chemical procedures in this review. The formation of (TQs) was clarified using the Michael
addition, Photocyclization, Skraup reaction, Ullmann-Fetvadjian process, Suzuki-Miyaura and
Sonogashira reaction, aza-Diels-Alder reaction, and Friedel-Crafts reaction.
Hospital Food Services Satisfaction Survey among Healthcare
Professionals in a Tunisian University Hospital
Authors: Chelly Souhir , Werchfeni Bouthaina Trabelsi , Maatouk Amani , Dhaouadi Nawel , Ezzi Olfa , Ammar Asma , Njah Mansour , Mahjoub Mohamed
Published: May 2023

Background:

Periodic monitoring of food quality can help determine the staff’s satisfaction
at any institution, such as the hospital. However, the lack of published studies on the evaluation
of staff’s satisfaction with hospital food prompted us to conduct the first survey on this topic in
Tunisia. The aim was to determine the prevalence of food satisfaction among health professionals
and identify factors affecting the satisfaction level.

Methods:

It was an analytic cross-sectional study conducted among all staff members of Farhat
Hached University Hospital in Sousse in November 2020. Data collection took place over a period
of 10 days with one service being surveyed per day. Free and informed consent was obtained from
all participants. Categorical variables were described in percentages and compared using the Chisquare
test. Univariate analyses were performed to examine associations between the level of satisfaction
and various factors. Binary logistic regression was used to eliminate confounding factors.

Results:

A total of 240 professionals participated in the survey. The majority were female (72.5%)
with an M/F sex ratio of 0.38, under 40 years old (94.6%), medical doctors (78.8%), and having less
than 5 years of professional experience (73.3%). The overall satisfaction rate was 33.3%. The majority
of healthcare professionals were not satisfied with the quality of food (75.8%) and with the
personal hygiene of staff who presented the food (78.4%). Factors associated with hospital food
satisfaction were the taste and variety of food, cleanliness, quality of dishes, and consuming the
entire meal.

Conclusion:

It is the first study to report the meal experience as perceived by hospital staff in Tunisia.
The overall satisfaction rate has been found to be 33.3%, which remains low. Efforts should be
made to improve the presentation of all meals. Periodic monitoring of food quality can help determine
if recommendations and staff expectations are being met.
Salt-and-pepper Noise Reduction for Medical Images based on Image Fusion
Authors: Wu Shixiao , Guo Chengcheng , Wang Xinghuan
Published: May 2023

Background:

During the collection process, the prostate capsula is prone to introduce salt and pepper noise due to gastrointestinal peristalsis, which will affect
the precision of subsequent object detection.

Objective:

A cascade optimization scheme for image denoising based on image fusion was proposed to improve the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and
contour protection performance of heterogeneous medical images after image denoising.

Methods:

Anisotropic diffusion fusion (ADF) was used to decompose the images denoised by adaptive median filter, non-local adaptive median filter and
artificial neural network to generate the base layer and detail layer, which were fused by weighted average and Karhunen-Loeve Transform
respectively. Finally, the image was reconstructed by linear superposition.

Results:

Compared with the traditional denoising method, the image denoised by this method has a higher PSNR while maintaining the image edge contour.

Conclusion:

Using the denoised dataset for object detection, the detection precision of the obtained model is higher.
Network Pharmacology Combined with GEO Analysis of the Mechanism
of Qing-Jin-Hua-Tan Decoction in the Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung
Cancer
Authors: Wei Yi , Liu Chao
Published: May 2023

Background:

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies
and poses a significant threat to human health. Qing-Jin-Hua-Tan (QJHT) decoction is a
classical herbal remedy that has demonstrated therapeutic effects in various diseases, including
NSCLC, and can improve the quality of life of patients with respiratory conditions. However, the
mechanism underlying the effect of the QJHT decoction on NSCLC remains unclear and requires
further investigation.

Methods:

We collected NSCLC-related gene datasets from the GEO database and performed differential
gene analysis, followed by using WGCNA to identify the core set of genes associated
with NSCLC development. The TCMSP and HERB databases were searched to identify the active
ingredients and drug targets, and the core gene target datasets related to NSCLC were merged to
identify the intersecting targets of drugs and diseases for GO and KEGG pathway enrichment
analysis. We then constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network map of drug diseases
using the MCODE algorithm and identified key genes using topology analysis. The disease-gene
matrix underwent immunoinfiltration analysis, and we analyzed the association between intersecting
targets and immunoinfiltration.

Results:

We obtained the GSE33532 dataset that met the screening criteria, and a total of 2211
differential genes were identified using differential gene analysis. We performed GSEA analysis
and WGCNA analysis for a crossover with differential genes, resulting in 891 key targets for
NSCLC. The drug database was screened to obtain 217 active ingredients and 339 drug targets of
QJHT. By constructing a PPI network, the active ingredients of QJHT decoction were intersected
with the targets of NSCLC, resulting in 31 intersected genes. Enrichment analysis of the intersection
targets showed that 1112 biological processes, 18 molecular functions, and 77 cellular compositions
were enriched in GO functions, and 36 signaling pathways were enriched in KEGG
pathways. Based on immune-infiltrating cell analysis, we found that the intersection targets were
significantly associated with multiple infiltrating immune cells.

Conclusion:

Our analysis using network pharmacology and mining of the GEO database revealed
that QJHT decoction can potentially treat NSCLC through multi-target and multi-signaling pathways,
while also regulating multiple immune cells.
A Comprehensive Review on Exosome: Recent Progress and Outlook
Authors: Agarwal Paras , Anees Adiba , Harsiddharay Raval Kavit , Kumar Pranesh , Tripathi Pushpendra Kumar
Published: May 2023

Exosomes are intrinsic membrane-based vesicles that play a key role in both normal and
pathological processes. Since their discovery, exosomes have been investigated as viable drug delivery
systems and clinical indicators because of their magnitude and effectiveness in delivering biological
components to targeted cells. Exosome characteristics are biocompatible, prefer tumor recruitment, have
tunable targeting efficiency, and are stable, making them outstanding and eye-catching medication delivery
systems for cancer and other disorders. There is great interest in using cell-released tiny vesicles
that activate the immune system in the age of the fast development of cancer immunotherapy. Exosomes,
which are cell-derived nanovesicles, have a lot of potential for application in cancer immunotherapy
due to their immunogenicity and molecular transfer function. More significantly, exosomes can
transfer their cargo to specified cells and so affect the phenotypic and immune-regulation capabilities of
those cells. In this article, we summarize exosomes' biogenesis, isolation techniques, drug delivery, applications,
and recent clinical updates. The use of exosomes as drug-delivery systems for small compounds,
macromolecules, and nucleotides has recently advanced. We have tried to give holistic and exhaustive
pieces of information showcasing current progress and clinical updates of exosomes.
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Desmodium gangeticum
(L.) DC.: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Bora Manajit , Mandal Suman , Singh Puneet Kumar , Das Himangi , Bora Girindra Kumar , Bora Devanjal , Baruah Dinesh , Gautam Manish Kumar
Published: May 2023

Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC., commonly known as Shalparni in Ayurveda, has been
used for treating various diseases. The plant is one among ten ingredients of classical Ayurvedic
formulations Dasamula. Decoctions of root and leaf, root powder and leaf juice of D. gangeticum
are used as tonics, febrifuge, digestive, antiemetic, astringent, anti-asthmatic, anti-diarrhoeal and anti-inflammatory agents in traditional medicinal practices of India and its neighbouring countries.
Phytochemical investigations of this plant revealed the presence of many bioactive phytoconstituents. The present review was prepared with the objective of documenting the phytochemical and
pharmacological profiles of D. gangeticum. The data presented here were collected from various
sources like books, journals, various online databases, and monographs and internet search engines
Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, etc. Studies reported from phytochemical screening revealed that D. Gangeticum leaves and roots are rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins,
phenols, carbohydrates, steroids, phenylpropanoids, pterocarpans, coumarins, and volatile oil.
Among the isolated compounds, major bio-active constituents are alkaloids, flavonoids and pterocarpans. All these phytochemicals are widely distributed in various parts of D. gangeticum. The
other active constituents like desmodin, hordenine and gangetin are largely responsible for its broad
spectrum of therapeutic potentiality. Desmodin belongs to the class of pterocarpans and is reported
to have antifungal and antibacterial activities. Gangetin, which also belongs to the pterocarpans, is
reported to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. FTIR spectroscopy showed that D. gangeticum extracts are mainly rich in phenolic derivatives. Scientific experiments carried out in vitro
as well as preclinical animal experimentations, showed that the plant and its bioactive chemicals
exhibit various therapeutic activities. It is reported that D. gangeticum extracts showed potent antioxidant, antibacterial, hypoglycaemic, analgesic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activities. Studies reported that D. gangeticum or its formulations are safe when used in appropriate therapeutic dosage.
Assessing and Mitigating Bias in Artificial Intelligence: A Review
Authors: Sinha Akruti , Sapra Devika , Sinwar Deepak , Singh Vijander , Raghuwanshi Ghanshyam
Published: May 2023

There has been an exponential increase in discussions about bias in Artificial Intelligence
(AI) systems. Bias in AI has typically been defined as a divergence from standard statistical patterns
in the output of an AI model, which could be due to a biased dataset or biased assumptions.
While the bias in artificially taught models is attributed able to bias in the dataset provided by humans,
there is still room for advancement in terms of bias mitigation in AI models. The failure to
detect bias in datasets or models stems from the "black box" problem or a lack of understanding of
algorithmic outcomes. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the analysis of the approaches
provided by researchers and scholars to mitigate AI bias and investigate the several methods of
employing a responsible AI model for decision-making processes. We clarify what bias means to
different people, as well as provide the actual definition of bias in AI systems. In addition, the paper
discussed the causes of bias in AI systems thereby permitting researchers to focus their efforts on
minimising the causes and mitigating bias. Finally, we recommend the best direction for future
research to ensure the discovery of the most accurate method for reducing bias in algorithms. We
hope that this study will help researchers to think from different perspectives while developing
unbiased systems.
Ultrasonic Wave Assisted Maceration Method for Extraction of Red-Purple Pigment from Six Varieties of Red Spinach.
Authors:   Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Brawijaya, Dinira Layta , Rosyida Novita ,   Fakultas Ilmu Komputer, Universitas Brawijaya, Wulandari Eka Ratri Noor
Published: May 2023

Natural dyes have been widely used for coloring food. Red spinach is an alternative resource of red violet color as it is abundant in nature. Despite its simplicity of extraction technique, the maceration method still needs enhancement because it is time-consuming. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to shorten the extraction time. In this study, the red-violet pigment extraction has been carried out by the maceration method for six red spinach varieties. The spinach leaves' ratio to a mixture of ethanol 96% and citric acid 10% were 1:7, 1:9, 1:11, and 1:13. The highest absorbance for Delima, Abbang, Baret Merah, and Mira extracts were obtained from the ratio of 1:7, whereas Red and Clara extracts were 1:9. The optimum solvent/mass ratio for each variety was then used in the UAE. Extractions assisted by ultrasound in 5, 10, and 15 minutes have been conducted. UAE time yields the highest red-violet extract absorbance in 15 minutes for Red, Abbang, Baret Merah, Mira, and Clara while Delima was in 5 minutes. The results suggested that the UAE is more effective than 24-hours maceration for red-violet pigment extraction from red spinach.
Effect of Extraction Time on Pectin Pulp and Peel of Melon (Cucumis Melo L. var. Sky Rocket)
Authors:   Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya, Parasu Risang , Aisyah Ersa Amalia , Nurhadianty Vivi , Dewi Luthfi Kurnia
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of extraction time on yield, methoxyl content and degree of esterification. In this study, the raw materials used are melon pulp and peel. The process of obtaining pectin from raw materials is reflux extraction with the extraction time of 60, 90, and 120 minutes using citric acid pH 2.5 as a solvent. The result shows pectin yield for each extraction time of 60, 90, and 120 minutes to be 4.16%, 11.91%, and 5.49% for melon pulp and 2.29%, 6.86%, and 3.57% for melon peel, respectively. Methoxyl content of pectin increases with increasing extraction time to be 2.05%, 3.41%, and 3.78% for melon pulp and 2.17%, 2.73%, and 3.72% for melon peel, respectively. Pectin esterification degree decreases with increasing extraction time to be 48.53%, 44%, and 33.52% for melon pulp and 46.67%, 39.29%, and 30.93% for melon peel, respectively. Methoxyl content value of <7% and esterification degree of <50% shows pectin obtained from this study is the low-methoxyl pectin.
De invloed van enkele aspecten van school en gezin op adolescenten: analyse van de verschillen naar geslacht
Authors: Brutsaert Herman
Published: May 2023

In dit artikel werd onderzocht of, bij differentiatie naar geslacht, de relaties tussen individu- en milieugebonden variabelen enerzijds en persoonlijkheids-, attitudinale en positionele kenmerken anderzijds, verschillen vertonen. De gegevens hadden betrekking op een steekproefpopulatie van 1409 achttienjarigen. Voor het verwerken van de resultaten werd gebruik gemaakt van multipele regressieanalyse. Algemeen, kan worden aangetoond dat de invloed van een relatief groot aantal der geselecteerde onafhankelijke variabelen inderdaad verschilt naar geslacht. Voornamelijk de omgevingsfactoren blijken hierbij een duidelijk grotere predictieve waarde te hebben voor meisjes dan voor jongens.
Sekserollen in kinderboeken: een inhoudsanalyse van recent bekroonde kinderboeken
Authors: Sercu Lieven
Published: May 2023

Het centrale besluit van deze kwantitatieve en kwalitatieve inhoudsanalyse van 16 recent bekroonde kinderboeken is dat de tijd van strikt traditionele sekserollen in kinderboeken voorbij is. In bijna ieder onderzocht kinderboek werden in meerdere of mindere mate niet-traditionele en egalitaire aspecten van sekserollen teruggevonden. Ook werd vastgesteld dat het voornamelijk (1) jonge en vrouwelijke auteurs zijn die niet-traditionele kinderboeken schrijven, en dat het (2) voornamelijk vrouwelijke personages (en in mindere mate jonge personages) zijn die in kinderboeken een niet-traditionele sekserol toegewezen krijgen. Hoe tegenstrijdig het ook moge klinken, egalitaire sekserollen blijken (in kinderboeken) dus voornamelijk een vrouwelijke aangelegenheid te zijn.
Perspectieven inzake het Vlaams politiek-administratief systeem
Authors: Van Hassel F.
Published: May 2023

Regionalisation and devolution are, in Belgium, the results of a dialectical process which can not be explained by recent history only.
The latest situation is analysed and evaluated with respect to structure, competence, finance and conflict resolution within the new institutions.
The new councils and governments, their internal processes i and structuration are brought into focus as are the new administrations. Possible conflictual situations in their relationship to the national government are described.
The main conclusions are that the national policy level keeps most of its essential powers; that there is no new concept of policy and decision-making, nor any new management philosophy, related to local governments. Organizational structures and procedures are bound to miss the opportunity of red tape cutting.
Kapitaalstrategieën en regionalisering in België: enkele vragen en bedenkingen
Authors: Bundervoet Jan
Published: May 2023

It was part of the assignment to explore the link between regionalization on the one hand, and employment, industrial structure and investment policy on the other hand. Because of the embryonic stage which labour sociological research is still in, only a few questions and considerations are proposed here. First of all, it is argued that the investments necessary for an adequate study of the developments involving the socio-economic fracture, are not sufficiently developed. Attention should be focussed on the roleplayed by capital strategies in the historical development of the Belgian political and economic system. This paper advances arguments in favour of inequality based on the dialectics of class struggle running through the different social formations in the transition to a late capitalist society. A second series of considerations relates to the current discussions of regional inequality in Belgium. It is ascertained that the comparative studies backing up the devolution debate are susceptible to many different interpretations and that the most striking inequalities should probably be situated not in the interregional field (Flanders - Wallonia) but more in the area of subregional aggregates. A final series of considerations is devoted to Ouévit's study "Les causes du déclin wallon". It is to the advantage of that study that it pays attention to the role of capital fractions throughout the different stages of industrialization. The way in which different capital fractions are distinguished, and the social formations (alliances) are situated seems however open to criticism. The work therefore illustrates at least the embryonic stage in which the study of spatial inequality in Belgium lingers.
De controle op de arbeidsvoorwaarden en -omstandigheden
Authors: De Cuyper Roel , Ponsaers Paul
Published: May 2023

In dit artikel belichten wij de onderzoeksmethode en resumeren de belangrijkste inzichten van een studie over de functionering van de arbeidsinspectie in België. Naast de gewone politiediensten (gemeentelijke politie/landelijke politie, gerechtelijke politie en rijkswacht) bestaan er in België nog 68 verschillende inspectiediensten. Het gaat om administraties die over de politionele opsporingsbevoegdheid beschikken om processen-verbaal op te maken wanneer misdrijven worden geconstateerd, en die dus in de mogelijkheid zijn om een gerechtelijke vervolging op gang te brengen bij het Openbaar Ministerie. Deze diensten zijn verspreid over een aantal ministeries. Het accent van de studie ligt op de drie diensten van het Ministerie van Tewerkstelling en Arbeid, m.n. de Technische Inspectie die moet toezien op de veiligheid van de werknemers, de Medische Inspectie die moet toezien op de gezondheid van de werknemers, en de Inspectie der Sociale Wetten die vooral de reglementering m.b.t. collectieve arbeidsovereenkomsten moet controleren.
Over de relatie tussen schoolradio, schooltelevisie en leerkrachtenbibliotheek en de opvattingen van leerkrachten: een onderzoeksnotitie
Authors: Lerno Paul
Published: May 2023

Dit artikel handelt over de relatie tussen de opvattingen van leerkrachten en de volgende twee factoren: de frequentie van het volgen van schoolradio en schooltelevisie en de frequentie van het gebruik van de leerkrachtenbibliotheek. Vastgesteld wordt dat beide factoren o.m. een aspect bijscholing omvatten. Gesteld wordt dat voldoende aanduidingen voorhanden zijn om het opzetten van enkele fundamen­tele onderzoeksprojecten te rechtvaardigen.
Sociale overheidsuitgaven en sociale ongelijkheden in de verzorgingsstaat
Authors: Deleeck Herman
Published: May 2023

Onder invloed van een aantal factoren van politiek-institutionele en van sociaal-culturele aard vloeien vele voordelen van het sociaal beleid, verhoudingsgewijze en tendentieel, meer naar de hogere sociale categorieën dan naar de lagere (Matteüseffect). Dit wordt empirisch aangetoond voor België (1976 en 1979) enerzijds voor de vervangingsuitkeringen van de sociale zekerheid, anderzijds voor de onderwijsuitgaven, kinderbijslagen, gezondheidszorgen, huisvesting en culturele infrastructuur. In het raam van de verzorgingsstaat is het volume sociale overheidsuitgaven enorm toegenomen, maar dit moet veeleer opgevat worden als een anders gestructureerde verdeling van de toegenomen welvaart dan als een herverdeling. De moderne armoede is het problematisch aspect van de ongelijke inkomensverdeling alsmede van de ongelijke deelname aan sociale goederen en diensten.
Verzorgingsstaat en verzuiling: een dubbelzinnige relatie
Authors: Billiet Jaak , Huyse Luc
Published: May 2023

De verzuilde vorm van de verzorgingsstaat lijkt een remedie bij uitstek tegen meerdere kwalen. Inderdaad: verzuilde organisaties in het maatschappelijk middenveld vormen een buffer tegen verregaande staatsinmenging en de zuilideologie suggereert hoogverheven waarden en een geïntegreerde sociale omgeving waarin de burger zich kan thuisvoelen. De negatieve effecten van bureaucratische procedures, afhankelijk van professionelen, cliëntelisme en het immoralistisch ethos schijnen daardoor weinig kans te maken. Het particulier initiatief zou, tenslotte, borg staan voor uitgavenbeheersing. Door de inschakeling in de verzorgingsstaat kon het verzuilde middenveld zich, ondanks grondige culturele veranderingen, handhaven. Dit gebeurt echter via transformaties, die de zuilorganisaties ombouwen tot gecentraliseerde, bureaucratische en professionele Systemen, die ook de beheersing van uitgaven bemoeilijken en die een cliëntenbinding in de hand werken. Daardoor worden de "heilzame" functies van de verzuiling in de verzorgingsstaat zeer afgezwakt.