bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION OF THE MASS DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT OF H2O DILUTED IN N2 USING CLASSICAL MOLECULAR DYNAMIC SIMULATION
Authors: Ngo Ngoc Hoa , Le Minh Thu , Nguyen Huyen Trang , Le Cong Tuong
Published: October 2020

In this work, the auto-correlation function of the center of mass velocity has been used to deduce the mass diffusion coefficient (D) of water diluted in nitrogen using the Classical Molecular Dynamics Simulations (CMDS). The calculations have been performed at room temperature (296 K) for different mixtures of H2O in N2 and 2.107 molecules from a five-sites potential. The results show that the auto-correlation functions expected exponential decay behavior [i.e. v v t exp( ) τ      ] and from the decay times τv , the mass diffusion coefficient and the velocity changing collisions frequency have been determined. The comparison between the CMDS results and experimental results are presented and discussed.
EXPRESSION OF IL6 mRNA IS INDEPENDENT WITH EXPRESSION OF TLRS mRNA IN LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-TREATED MYOTUBES
Authors: Le Ngoc Hoan , Chu Dinh Toi , Nguyen Phuc Hung , Ho Thi Hong Van
Published: October 2020

Obesity-related metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are raising as critical health problems of the modern world. Obesity induces an increased plasma level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that contributing to system chronic inflammation. This response has been shown as a marked factor linking obesity and its related metabolic disorders. In the present study, we use LPS to treat C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and observe the expression of several inflammatory makers. Our results show that the expression of inflammatory cytokine IL6 mRNA is strongly induced in the LPS-treated C2C12 cells compared to the control cells. Surprisingly, the expression of the upper controller of inflammation TLR2 mRNA in the LPS-treated C2C12 cells is similar to that in the control cells. Consistent with this expression mRNA level of TLR4, another upper regulator of inflammation does not differ between the two group cells. Taken together, our current data suggest that the LPS induced expression of IL6 mRNA in C2C12 cells is not dependent on the regulation of neither TLR2 nor TLR4
The situation of development of the contingent of managers of the primary schools in Nha Be district, Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Ho Van Dung , Do Van Chung
Published: October 2020

The article mentions the situation of the development of the contingent of administrators in elementary schools in Nha Be district, Ho Chi Minh City. Survey’s results show that: the leadership of competent authorities, planning, training, retraining, appointment, re-appointment, rotation, transfer and dismissal of staff development managements are focused; The inspection, evaluation and implementation of remuneration policies and policies motivated the management team have many positive changes; Conditions on facilities and equipment are increasingly spacious and modern; Cooperation activities, links, exchanges of experience exchange have made certain changes. However, the planning, training and retraining of the adjacent management officials are still inadequate. The appointment, reappointment, rotation, transfer, dismissal and inspection and evaluation activities of the management staff are sometimes not good.
Need of supporting children with autism and parents in primary schools in Hano
Authors: Vu Thi Thanh Nga
Published: October 2020

The paper analyzes the research results on three inclusive primary schools in Hanoi to summarize the basic needs of children with autism and their families such as: desiring to have specific policies for children with disabilities; receiving financial and social policy support; having empathy and sharing of teachers and parents at school; participating in training courses on methods of educating children... In which, the need to have a social worker team working in schools is extremely necessary to support solving the difficulties and barriers of children with disabilities at school. Enhancing their study as well as the link between families, schools and social forces helps to ensure equal rights in education for children with disabilities.
Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer and Pressure Force from Multiple Jets Impinging on a Moving Flat Surface
Authors: Chitsazan Ali , Glasmacher Birgit
Published: October 2020

In this paper extensive numerical investigation of the heat transfer characteristics and the pressure force of jet impingement from the single row and multiple rows on a fixed and moving flat surface are reported. The computations were carried out over a wide range of parameters: relative nozzle-to-surface distance (H/d) from 0.5 to 6, relative nozzle to nozzle distances (S/d) from 4 to 10, jet angle from 45° to 90°, relative velocity ratio (Vplate/Vj) i.e. ratio of surface velocity to jet velocity from 0 to 1. The jet Reynolds number (Re) of 2,500, 3,400, 10,000, 20,000, and 23,000 and the number of jet rows of 1, 2, 4, and 8 have been used. It was found that the numerical accuracy by SST k-ω model is reasonably high to allow for a discussion of the main flow and heat transfer characteristics. The jet impingement heat transfer performance is generally enhanced with the increase of jet Reynolds number and jet angle and with the decrease of surface distance (H/d), jet distance (S/d) and the relative velocity ratio (Vplate/Vj) within the range examined. The pressure force coefficients on the impingement surface are relatively insensitive to Re number and the velocity ratio within the range examined, while it has highly dependent on H/d, S/d and jet angle. For multiple rows of aligned jet holes, the flow pattern exhibited a different shape due to the different intensity of the interference between adjacent air jets. The effect of multiple rows with regards to the impact on average Nu and pressure force coefficient for different geometry variations such as Re, H/d, S/d, VR and ɵ is negligible compared to the single row by approximately 9 and 13% in average respectively. Based on the computed results, equations of dimensionless parameters are correlated.
Electrochemical Properties of the Composite Electrodes Containing Nanoparticles of Copper Salts
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Berezhnaya Alexandra G. , Chernyavina Valentina V. ,   Southern Federal University, Lepeschkin Igor O. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: October 2020

The energetic properties of the new composite electrode materials suitable for electrochemical capacitors were investigated. Composite electrodes were made using Norit A activated carbon and synthesized sparingly soluble copper salts such as copper iodide(I) and hexacyanoferrates (II), etc. (III). The composition of the salts was confirmed by elemental analysis and the particle size was determined by the Scherrer equation using the data of X ­ray phase analysis. The electrochemical characteristics of the electrodes were determined with the help of cyclic voltammetry, charge discharge galvanostatic curves, and impedance spectroscopy. It was found that the composite materials containing 5–30 wt.% of copper iodide and copper hexacyanoferrate (II) had lower capacitive characteristics compared with the pure carbon electrode. The introduction of double hexacyanoferrates (II), copper (III) and potassium into the electrode material led to the increase in the specific capacitance by 30 and 20% respectively, compared with a carbon electrode.
Penetration of Carbon Nanotubes into the Retinoblastoma Tumor after Intravitreal Injection in LHBETATAG Transgenic Mice Reti-noblastoma Model
Authors: Demirci Hakan , Wang Yichun , Li Qiaochu , Lin Cheng-mao , Kotov Nicholas A , Diniz Grisolia Anna Beatriz , Guo Jay L
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the penetration of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) throughout retinoblastoma in a transgenic mice model.
Methods: CNTs functionalized with fluorescein isothiocyanate and targeting ligands biotin (CTN-FITC-Bio, 0.5mg/ml), or folic acid (CNT-FITC-FA, 0.5mg/ml) were injected into the vitreous of one eye of LHBETATAG transgenic mice. Other eye did not receive any injection and was used as control. Three mice were sacrificed at days 1, 2, and 3. Eyes were enucleated and stained with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. The sections were imaged by fluorescent microscope. The images were transformed into grey-scale in MATLAB for intensity analysis. Background intensity was normalized by marking squares outside the eyeball and using the mean intensity of these squares. Fluorescent intensity (FI) for each image was measured by calculating the intensity of a same-sized square within retinoblastoma.
Results: Nine eyes of nine mice were included in each CNT-FITC-Bio and CNT-FITC-FA groups. The mean FI in CNT-FITC-Bio was 52.08 ± 6.33, 53.62 ± 9.00, and 65.54 ± 5.14 in days 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The mean FI in CNT-FITC-FA was 50.28 ± 7.37, 59.21 ± 6.43, and 58.38 ± 2.32 on days 1, 2, and 3, respectively. FI was significantly higher in eyes injected with CNT-FITC-Bio and CNT-FITC-FA compared to the control eyes (P = 0.02). There was no difference in FI between eyes with CNT-FITC-Bio and CNT-FITC-FA, and FI remained stable on days 1–3 in CNT-FITC-Bio, CNT-FITC-FA, and control eyes (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: We observed higher FI in eyes with CNT-FITC-Bio and CNT-FITC-FA compared to control eyes, showing penetration of CNTs throughout retinoblastoma. CNTs can be a carrier candidate for imaging or therapeutic purposes in retinoblastoma.
Comparison of Superficial and Deep Foveal Avascular Zone Area in Healthy Subjects Using Two Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Devices
Authors: Anvari Pasha , Najafi Amin , Mirshahi Reza , Sardarinia Mahsa , Ashrafkhorasani Maryam , Kazemi Pegah , Aghai Gholamhoseyn , Habibi Abbas , Falavarjani Khalil Ghasemi
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To compare the area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in the superficial and deep retinal layers using two different spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) devices.
Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted to obtain macular OCTA images from healthy subjects using Optovue RTVue XR Avanti (Optovue, Inc, Fremont, CA) and Spectralis HRA+OCTA (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). Two independent trained graders measured the FAZ area using automated slab segmentation. The FAZ area in the superficial and deep retinal layers were compared.
Results: Twenty-three eyes of 23 subjects were included. The graders agreement was excellent (>0.86) for all measurements. The mean FAZ area was significantly larger at the superficial retinal layer as compared to the deep retinal layer on both devices (0.31 ± 0.08 mm2 vs 0.26 ± 0.08 mm2 in Optovue and 0.55 ± 0.16 mm2 vs 0.36 ± 0.13 mm2 in Spectralis, both P < 0.001). The mean FAZ area was significantly greater in the superficial and deep retinal layers using Spectralis as compared to Optovue measurements (P < 0.001 for both comparisons).
Conclusion: In contrast to previous reports, the FAZ area was larger in the superficial retina as compared to deep retinal layers using updated software versions. Measurements from different devices cannot be used interchangeably.
Bilateral Curvularia keratitis
Authors: Kumar Ajit , Khurana Ashi
Published: October 2020

This is a Photo Essay. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
Anterior Chamber Migration of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in an Eye with Scleral-fixated Intraocular Lens
Authors: Goel Neha , Mehta Aanchal , Batra Jyoti , Choudhry Reena
Published: October 2020

This is a Photo Essay. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
Black Diaphragm Intraocular Lens in Patients with Aniridia
Authors: Srirampur Arjun , Balijepalli Pasyanthi
Published: October 2020

This is a Letter to the Editor. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in a Case of Regressed Familial Retinoblastoma
Authors: Karimi Saeed , Arabi Amir , Shahraki Toktam , Safi Sare
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To present a case of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) in association with regressed familial retinoblastoma.
Case Report: A 23-year-old man with regressed unilateral familial retinoblastoma in his left eye presented with decreased vision of the left eye since two months ago. The patient had undergone chemotherapy and cryotherapy for the treatment of retinoblastoma 20 years ago. In the left eye, funduscopy disclosed regressed mass of retinoblastoma, inferonasal to the optic disc, and focal subfoveal neurosensory detachment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography revealed CSC. As there was no sign of recurrence of retinoblastoma and retinal findings did not show late-onset chemotherapy-related retinopathy, the patient was diagnosed with CSC and followed up. After two months, visual acuity of the left eye improved, and repeated macular OCT revealed absorption of the subretinal fluid.
Conclusion: Subretinal fluid accumulation in a patient with regressed retinoblastoma is not always a sign of tumor recurrence or a treatment-related retinopathy.
Disseminating Soil Alterations Using Geoportal on Natural Phenomena: The Case of Cotopaxi-Ecuador Volcano
Authors: Vaca Peñafiel Omar , Bolaños Guerrón Dario , Mafla Jiménez Elena , Guevara García Paulina , Sinde González Izar , Macías Vázquez Felipe
Published: October 2020

The Cotopaxi Volcano is one of the most active stratovolcanoes in the world. It is located in the center of Ecuador, surrounded by densely populated cities as Latacunga, Machachi, or Sangoquí­, in which the agricultural sector is very important for economic development. Ash emissions and phreatomagmatic eruptions characterized the eruptive process of Cotopaxi volcano in august 2015. A mineralogical study of the ashes showed the presence of heavy metals, which could have been transferred to the soil and could affect agricultural and livestock activities. To evaluate the relationship between the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn and as between the soil, ash and the comparison with local regulations, three farms (Altamira farm, San Ramon farm and La Laguna farm) in the Canton of Mejí­a were defined as the study area. In those locations, the soil samples were georeferenced with a handheld GPS. The analysis was carried out before acid digestion (EPA 3050B1 method) in an ICP-OES and AMA 254 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The metals analyzed were kept within limits defined in TULSMA Book VI: Annex 2 Soil Resource local regulations. In order to improve the visibility of the study, the presentation of the results was carried out in an open-access geoportal implemented in proprietary software. This geoportal allows the dynamic and interactive visualization of the different concentrations of heavy metals in their corresponding location.
Rejuvenation of the Former Coal Mining Industry Area into a Heritage Site: A Solution to Overcome the Threat of Environmental and Social Problems
Authors: Syafrini Delmira , Nurdin Muhamad Fadhil , Sugandi Yogi Suprayogi , Miko Alfan
Published: October 2020

The defunct coal mining industries have turned into slums, and abandoned by its inhabitants, thereby leaving behind a damaged environment with complex social problems. However, in Sawahlunto, Indonesia, abandoned and damaged coal mining industries can be rejuvenated into productive areas that are an environmentally friendly and exciting place to visit. Therefore, this research aims to analyze processes and the various techniques used to rejuvenate the abandoned coal mining area located at Sawahlunto, Indonesia, into an industrial heritage site. The process also acts as a solution to overcoming the environmental threat and social problems associated with the defunct coal mining industry area. This study used qualitative research methods, with data primarily collected through observations and in-depth interviews. Furthermore, in-depth interviews were conducted on various city stakeholders with adequate knowledge of the process and its impact on the rejuvenation of the former coal mining industry area in Sawahlunto. The results showed that the rejuvenation of the former coal mining industry as an industrial heritage site has proven to be the right strategy to generate productivity and restore hope to local communities living around the area. The rejuvenation of the former mining area was also the primary factor driving the city’s regeneration. It helped ensure that the area is not turned into slums or deserted by the inhabitants. Currently, Sawahlunto has grown into a highly-valued coal mining heritage city in Indonesia and has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Interactive Geoinformation Three-Dimensional Model of a Landscape Park Using Geoinformatics Tools
Authors: Ahmad M. Ayaz , Tvoroshenko Irina , Baker Jalal Hasan , Kochura Liubov , Lyashenko Vyacheslav
Published: October 2020

The relevance of work is due to the lack of free three-dimensional models of landscape parks and the urgent need to create such models for informing and barrier-free adaptation of users. The current state of cartographic support of landscape parks is low and does not meet users, management, and employees of parks. The object of research is the territory of the multicomplex. The purpose of the research is to develop a three-dimensional model of the regional landscape park for informing and barrier-free adaptation of residents and guests of the city using geoinformatics tools. The methods used in this research are general scientific (system analysis, modeling, higher mathematics) and special methods of mathematical and geoinformation analysis. The work uses the ArcGIS and SketchUp software platforms to create, manage, integrate, analyze, and distribute spatial data. Methods used: geodesy, topography, geoinformatics. The results obtained in the course of the work are of practical importance, are real and tested by the management of the regional landscape park. An interactive three-dimensional geoinformation model implemented in the ArcScene software environment will provide an opportunity further to manage the territory of the regional landscape park. An interactive geoinformation three-dimensional model ensured a 12% increase in the level of informational and barrier-free adaptation of residents and guests on the territory of the multicomplex. The prospects for further research on the creation of a mobile application for park visitors with the ability to search for the nearest bus departure point at their location are determined.
Impact of Soil Water Quality on Yield, Qualities and Water Consumptive Use of Melon (Cucumis Melo L)
Authors: Bafdal Nurpilihan , Pareira Boy Macklin
Published: October 2020

Indonesia has two seasons. These are wet season and dry season; in the dry season, water from rainfall decreases and demand for water as irrigation resources decrease. Soil water is expected to supply irrigation in the agriculture sector. Water quality at Universitas Padjadjaran can be affected by poor water disposal planning and the location of the surrounding industrial estate, animal farms, farm activities and domestic wastewater. Poor water quality can affect the quality and quantity of crops. Melon is commonly not needed much water as a consumptive use but needs water in whole life and usually applied irrigated, especially if growth in the greenhouse. Poorly applied water qualities of the melon can will impact the quality and quantity to decrease. Research on the impact of soil water quality on yield and quality and consumptive use of melon was conducted at the greenhouse located in Universitas Padjadjaran Campus, West Java Province, Indonesia, from July to November 2019. The research method is descriptive analysis, and melon is planted in containers called autopot and fertigation daily applied by control of autopot smart valve. The results show that TSS of soil water were 200.2 mg/al; TDS 300.2 mg/L; EC 0.75 mS/cm; pH 7,0 and turbidity is 4.75 NTU. The quality of melon shows that water 95.19%; Fat 0.88%; ash 0.57%; protein 1.37%; carbohydrate 1.99% vitamin C 6.91% and sweeteners is 9.4 Brix. In conclusion, that soil water meets requirements as resources irrigation to applied melon.
The Discriminant Analysis in the Evaluation of Cancers Diseases in Iraq
Authors: Mahdi Nabaa Naeem , Abed Haifa Taha , Sadik Nazik J.
Published: October 2020

Cancer diseases are considered one of the most critical problems facing the world's countries, especially the State of Iraq. Many local and international reports indicated that the weapons used in wars and the accompanying nuclear and chemical radiation are among the most prominent reasons for the spread of cancerous diseases in Iraq. This study found that Gender has the highest discriminating power, whereas the Grade variable has the least discriminatory power. Similarly, Behavior has the highest discriminatory power, whereas the Government has the least biased power. It became clear that the third group (those with breast cancer) had the highest probability of the correct classification. The probability of correct classification reached 92%, followed by the second group with brain cancer, where the probability of correct classification was 64%. Finally, the first group with bladder cancer had the lowest probability of correct classification. We conclude that increasing the sample size has a significant impact on the correct classification of observations. The effects of these weapons were tremendously harmful to public health and the environment. Its effect persisted after many years, so three groups of cancer patients (bladder, brain, and breast cancer) were analyzed from 2012 to 2017 using a statistical method to analyze multivariate data. The results showed gender and the nature of the tumor (Behavior) have the highest discriminating power. The results were entirely satisfactory, as the discriminatory predictive capacity obtained a level of success of 72.2%.
Antioxidant Activity of ‘Broken Skin’ Purple Rice, ‘Skinned’ Purple Rice, and Purple Rice Stem Organically Cultivated in Indonesia
Authors: Budaraga I Ketut , Salihat Rera Aga
Published: October 2020

This research has been carried out to determine the activity of purple rice stem, ‘broken skin’ purple rice and ‘skinned’ purple rice. Preparation of materials includes the collection of purple rice from ‘Tuah Sakato’ farmer group that cultivates the rice using organic methods. The extraction method used is maceration extraction with n-hexane methanol. The rotary evaporator extracts each solvent variation from the solvent. Concentrated extracts from each solvent were tested for their antioxidant activity using the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) at five concentrations within the range of 800 - 6000 ppm, based on the sample varieties. The comparison used is ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Determination of the value of antioxidant activity had used the IC50. The results showed that the highest antioxidant activity was possessed by purple rice stems, as evidenced by the IC50 value of 1.474 ppm, followed by ‘broken skin’ purple rice with IC50 of 4.130 ppm, and the lowest was ‘skinned’ purple rice with IC50 of 98.95 ppm. Purple rice stems have the highest antioxidant activity since the antioxidant compound still intact without any further process. Then, ‘broken skin’ purple rice has higher antioxidant activity than ‘skinned’ purple rice because the former still has epidermis that contains high antioxidants. High enough antioxidant activity makes this purple rice an alternative food source that can ward off free radicals causing degenerative diseases due to unhealthy modern lifestyles.
Rola prywatnych ubezpieczeń zdrowotnych w budowaniu „srebrnej gospodarki” w Polsce
Authors: Laskowska Iwona
Published: October 2020

Polskę w kolejnych dekadach czeka proces gwałtownych przemian demograficznych polegający na wzroście udziału seniorów w populacji. W celu utrzymania wzrostu gospodarczego w nowej sytuacji demograficznej zwraca się uwagę na tzw. srebrną gospodarkę, której znaczenie można rozpatrywać zarówno w wymiarze społecznym, jak i ekonomicznym. Ekonomiczne znaczenie koncepcji „srebrnej gospodarki” polega, między innymi, na wskazaniu korzyści wynikających z wykorzystania potencjału popytowego, jaki reprezentuje starsza populacja. Srebrna gospodarka obejmuje szereg segmentów, w tym ubezpieczenia odnoszące się głównie do form ryzyka właściwych starszemu wiekowi. Do tej szerokiej grupy zaliczyć można również prywatne (komercyjne) ubezpieczenia zdrowotne. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przybliżenie roli prywatnych ubezpieczeń zdrowotnych w kontekście zjawiska budowania srebrnej gospodarki w Polsce. W artykule postawiono hipotezę: seniorzy w Polsce mogą stać się istotnymi inwestorami na rynku ubezpieczeń zdrowotnych. Analiza sytuacji finansowej seniorów, obciążenie budżetów wysokimi wydatkami na zdrowie, szczególnie na wyroby farmaceutyczne, pozwalają na przyjęcie założenia, że odpowiednio skonstruowana oferta może spotkać się z zainteresowaniem tej grupy społecznej.
El desarrollo alternativo: misión de la Universidad de Nariño para la vida y la paz
Authors: Erazo Coral María Elena
Published: October 2020

El objetivo: Reflexionar sobre el desarrollo alternativo que contribuye a la vida y a la paz de la región como proyecto misional de la Universidad de Nariño en el escenario de la Asamblea Universitaria. La originalidad de la investigación radica en abordar el tema desde la lógica regional para pensar sus singularidades, pues de las múltiples misiones institucionales, unas pretenden aportar y resolver los problemas del capital y del mercado, y otras, como es el caso de la UDENAR, buscan contribuir al buen vivir y a la paz de la región a través del desarrollo alternativo. Método: Esta investigación se aborda desde la metodología de la no simultaneidad de lo simultáneo, por tanto, la estrategia utilizada es el análisis de las fuentes bibliográficas y de archivo a través de una matriz que establece las particularidades regionales y locales que descentren la mirada de los análisis homogeneizantes y universales, lo cual permite concluir: la Universidad de Nariño, a través de la Asamblea Universitaria, construye bajo los principios de autonomía y democracia una misión y una visión para el desarrollo alternativo que conlleva un compromiso por y para la vida y la paz.
Standarisasi Cemaran Mikrob Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) sebagai Bahan Baku Sediaan Obat Tradisional
Authors: Putri Adelia , Sudimartini Luh Made , Dharmayudha Anak Agung Gde Oka
Published: October 2020

Daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) merupakan tanaman bahan obat tradisional yang berkhasiat dan memiliki komponen aktif sebagai antibakteri, antivirus, antijamur, antiparasit dan antiinflamasi. Ekstrak daun sirsak terbukti efektif sebagai bahan obat tradisional yang dikemas dalam bentuk sediaan salep/krim untuk penyakit dermatitis pada anjing. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jumlah cemaran mikrob daun sirsak yang dibuat menjadi sediaan obat telah memenuhi standar cemaran mikrob yang diperbolehkan berdasarkan parameter dari Farmakope Herbal Indonesia (FHI) sesuai dengan Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 Tahun 2019 tentang Persyaratan Mutu Obat Tradisional dan Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Tahun 2000. Pemeriksaan cemaran mikrob pada daun sirsak dilakukan dengan Uji Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) dan Uji Angka Kapang/Khamir (AKK). Hasil uji Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) dari sampel daun sirsak menggunakan media Plate Count Agar (PCA) yang diinkubasi pada suhu 35-37oC selama 24 jam menunjukkan angksa 3850 cfu/mL atau 3,85 x 103 cfu/mL. Sampel daun sirsak layak dan memenuhi standar yang ditentukan bentuk sediaan semi padat untuk angka lempeng total yaitu maksimal ? 107 koloni / g. Hasil uji Angka Kapang/Khamir (AKK) dari sampel daun sirsak menggunakan media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) yang diinkubasi pada suhu 20-25oC selama 3-5 hari menunjukkan angka 3200 cfu/mL atau 3,2 x 103 cfu/mL. Sampel daun sirsak layak dan memenuhi standar yang ditentukan bentuk sediaan semi padat untuk angka lempeng total yaitu maksimal 104 koloni / g.
Pamięć społeczna a „rekonstrukcja historyczna” w reportażach książkowych Walerija Paniuszkina
Authors: Czerwiński Grzegorz
Published: October 2020

Статья посвящена книге Восстание потребителей российского журналиста и писателя Валерия Панюшкина. Цель статьи — анализ проведенной писателем исторической реконструкции времён перестройки. Предметом исследования является изучение писательской стратегии Панюшкина, которая особым образом влияет на его отношение к истории СССР и России, а также проходящей через всю книгу параллели между консюмеризмом и гражданским сознанием. Целью писателя является попытка переоценки негативного воображения общественно-политической ситуации перестроечного времени и периода после раскола СССР, записанного в памяти россиян. Одновременно в произведении нельзя не обратить внимание на отношение оппозиционного журналиста к одному из потенциально возможных направлений дальнейшего развития политической системы России.
Public Discourse and Category Formation: A Topic Modelling Exploration of ‘Historical Shops’ on Italian Media
Authors: Ferri Camilla , Lusiani Maria , Bertocchi Dario
Published: October 2020

This paper addresses the role of public discourse in processes of category formation. Tracing the emergence and diffusion of a category on the media, and exploring the discourses generated on the media within and around the emerging category, the paper reflects on how these discourses concur in performing the very category they portray. The focus is set on the Historical Shops category, as part of broader processes of urban categorisations for local development and regeneration. By means of a Topic Modelling of a corpus of 3262 press articles collected from Italian news sources between 2009 and 2019, the paper finds that public discourse plays three main roles: echoing category creation processes by policymakers, grounding the rising category in wider discourses of retail crisis, urban degradation, regeneration and overtourism, and narrating it by explaining what Historical Shops are, where they are located, which issues they face and which responses they receive at different institutional levels. Overall, in this paper, the semi-automated techniques afforded by Topic Modelling offer a way to enter the meaning construction processes and elicit the agential role of public discourse in the formation of a category.
Climate Change and Emerging Viral Diseases: the Evidence
Authors: Gatherer Derek
Published: October 2020

Three decades have now passed since the first papers linking climate change to issues in human disease and healthcare. One of the most active topics in this area has been the implication of climate change events, particularly temperature and humidity fluctuations, in the northward spread of vector-borne viruses from more tropical regions into Europe and North America. However, some detailed studies of one such emerging disease, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEv), have called the connection into question, concentrating the debate on the investigation of precise mechanisms for the spread of viral disease. More recently, firmer statistical correlations have been made between climate variables, the presence of insect vectors and the prevalence of viral disease, particularly for West Nile Virus (WNV). These insights suggest avenues for mechanistic confirmation of the involvement of climate change in other diseases where the connection remains conjectural.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Kancing Gemerincing dengan Pendekatan Kontekstual terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa Kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 97 Jakarta
Authors: Gita Silvia Dewi  , Meiliasari  , Dwi Antari Wijayanti
Published: October 2020

Kemampuan komunikasi matematis merupakan salah satu kemampuan yang harus dimiliki oleh siswa untuk mengomunikasikan ide atau gagasan dalam bentuk matematika. Kemampuan komunikasi matematis dapat dikembangkan melalui model dan pendekatan pembelajaran yang melibatkan siswa untuk aktif dalam belajar. Salah satu model dan pendekatan yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis yaitu model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe kancing gemerincing dengan pendekatan kontekstual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe kancing gemerincing dengan pendekatan kontekstual terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 97 Jakarta pada materi lingkaran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen semu (quasi experiment). Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik two stage sampling yaitu langkah pertama dengan purposive sampling dan langkah kedua dengan cluster random sampling. Kelas yang dijadikan sampel adalah kelas VIII-H sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII-I sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa pada materi lingkaran yang terdiri dari 5 soal berbentuk uraian yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Berdasarkan perhitungan data hasil penelitian, data kedua kelas tersebut berdistribusi normal dan memiliki varians yang sama (homogen). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis diperoleh nilai thitung = 2,048 > ttabel = 1,996 pada taraf signifikan α = 0,05 dan hasil perhitungan besar pengaruh dengan nilai Cohen’s effect size () yang diperoleh sebesar 0,5 tergolong dalam kriteria medium dengan persentase besar pengaruh 69%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe kancing gemerincing dengan pendekatan kontekstual berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 97 Jakarta pada materi lingkaran.
Variation in the expression of a transmembrane protein influences cell growth in Arabidopsis thaliana petals by altering auxin responses.
Authors: Miller Charlotte N. , Dumenil Jack , Lu Fu Hao , Smith Caroline , McKenzie Neil , Chapman Volodymyr , Ball Joshua , Box Mathew , Bevan Michael Webster
Published: October 2020

Background

The same species of plant can exhibit highly diverse sizes and shapes of organs that are genetically determined. Characterising genetic variation underlying this morphological diversity is an important objective in evolutionary studies and it also helps identify the functions of genes influencing plant growth and development. Extensive screens of mutagenised Arabidopsis populations have identified multiple genes and mechanisms affecting organ size and shape, but relatively few studies have exploited the rich diversity of natural populations to identify genes involved in growth control.

Results

We screened a relatively well characterised collection of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes for variation in petal size. Association analyses identified sequence and gene expression variation on chromosome 4 that made a substantial contribution to differences in petal area. Variation in the expression of a previously uncharacterised gene At4g16850 (named as KSK ) had a substantial role on variation in organ size by influencing cell size. Over-expression of KSK led to larger petals with larger cells and promoted the formation of stamenoid features. The expression of auxin-responsive genes known to limit cell growth was reduced in response to KSK over-expression. ANT expression was also reduced in KSK over-expression lines, consistent with altered floral identities. Auxin responses were reduced in KSK over-expressing cells, consistent with changes in auxin-responsive gene expression. KSK may therefore influence auxin availability during petal development.

Conclusions

Understanding how genetic variation influences plant growth is important for both evolutionary and mechanistic studies. We used natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana to identify sequence variation in a promoter region of Arabidopsis ecotypes that mediated differences in the expression of a previously undescribed membrane protein. This variation contributed to altered auxin availability and cell size during petal growth.
Machine learning is the key to diagnose COVID-19: a proof of concept study.
Authors: Gangloff Cedric , Rafi Sonia , Bouzillé Guillaume , Soulat Louis , Cuggia Marc
Published: October 2020

Background: Two tests are currently available to diagnose COVID-19: chest-CT and RT-PCR. These tests are sub-optimal when they are used independently but their combination on every suspected COVID-19 patient requires considerable resources. The potential contribution of machine learning in this situation has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate machine learning models to diagnose COVID-19 among post-emergency hospitalized patients. Methods: All post-emergency hospitalized adults patients admitted in our academic hospital between 2020/03/20 and 2020/05/05 and explored for COVID-19 were included in the study. Three types of machine learning models were created: logistic regressions, random forests, and neural networks. Each type of model was trained to diagnose COVID-19 with different sets of variables. Area under the ROC curve was the primary outcome to evaluate model’s performances. Results: 536 patients were included in the study: 106 in the COVID group, 430 in the NOT-COVID group. AUC of chest-CT increased from 0.778 to 0.889 with the contribution of machine learning. Similarly, AUC of RT-PCR increased from 0.852 to 0.929 with machine learning.Conclusions: After generalization, machine learning models will allow to increase chest-CT and RT-PCR performances to diagnose COVID-19.
Targeted exome sequencing identified a novel USH2A mutation in a Chinese Usher syndrome family: a case report
Authors: Xing Dongjun , Zhou Huaiyu , Yu Rongguo , Wang Linni , Hu Liying , Li Zhiqing , Li Xiaorong
Published: October 2020

Background: Usher syndrome is a disease with a heterogeneous phenotype and genotype. Our purpose was to identify the gene mutation in a Chinese family with Usher syndrome type 2 and describe the clinical features.Case presentation: A 23-year-old man complained of a 10-year duration of nyctalopia and a 3-year decline in visual acuity of both eyes accompanied by congenital dysaudia. To clarify the diagnosis, the clinical symptoms were observed and analysed in combination with comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations as well as genetic analysis (targeted exome sequencing, TES). A typical clinical presentation of Usher syndrome of the fundus was found, including a waxy yellow-like disc, bone-spicule formations and retinal vessel stenosis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) showed loss of the ellipsoid zone and a reduction in paracaval vessel density in both eyes. Genetic analysis identified a novel homozygous c.8483_8486del (p.Ser2828*) mutation in USH2A. The mutation resulted in premature termination of translation and caused the deletion of 19 fibronectin type 3 domains (FN3), transmembrane (TM) region and PDZ-binding motif domain, which play an important role in protein binding. After combining the clinical manifestations and genetic results, the patient was diagnosed with Usher syndrome type 2.Conclusion: We found a novel c.8483_8486del mutation in the USH2A gene through TES techniques. The results broaden the spectrum of mutations in Usher syndrome type 2 and suggest that a combination of clinical information and molecular diagnosis via TES could help Usher syndrome patients obtain a better diagnosis.
Social gradient in health-related quality of life among urban middle-age residents in Limassol, Cyprus: Research article
Authors: Ellina Panagiota , Middleton Nicos , Lambrinou Ekaterini , Kouta Christiana
Published: October 2020

Background: Social inequalities in health threaten social cohesion and, therefore, their investigation is an important research field. Monitoring the health of the population is necessary to identify health needs, design programs focused in people’s needs and to evaluate the effectiveness of health policies.Methods: A cross-sectional survey using primary data was applied. The study investigates the size and the extent of social inequalities in quality of life and health behaviours in Limassol, Cyprus. Data collection was done by door-to-door survey, in the form of interviews. The sample consisted of 450 residents aged 45-64 across 45 randomly selected neighbourhoods, that met the selection criteria. The tools used were: Demographic questionnaire, SF 36 Questionnaire, IPAQ- International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form.Results: The social gradient appears in all social indicators. As for the physical dimension of health has a strong relationship between health-related quality of life with the education index. Specifically, the range is 12 points for men and 14 points for women (p = 0.16). Profession systematically appears to have a stronger relationship with men than with women, and is present in both physical and mental dimensions. Specifically, the range is 13 points for men and 10 points for women (p = 0.31).Conclusions: It seems that young male individuals, who are highly educated, employed full time, earning high incomes and engaging in mild physical activity, have significantly higher level of health-related life quality, compared to other middle age adult groups, living in Limassol. This finding is in agreement with other studies that show correlations between gender and the patterns of risk factors.
Analyzing German consumers’ willingness to pay for green electricity tariff attributes - a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Danne Michael , Meier-Sauthoff Saramena , Musshoff Oliver
Published: October 2020

Background: In order to achieve an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy supply, it is necessary that this goal is supported by society. In different countries worldwide it has been shown that one way consumers want to support the energy transition is by switching to green electricity. However, few people make the leap from their intention to a buying decision. This study explores parameters that influence whether German consumers would hypothetically decide to switch to a green electricity tariff.Methods: A quota-representative online survey including a discrete choice experiment with 371 German private households was conducted in 2016. For the econometric analysis, a generalized multinomial logit model in willingness to pay space was employed, enabling the estimation of WTP values to be as realistic as possible.Results: The results show that consumers’ decision whether or not to make the switch to green energy is mainly influenced by the source of green energy, whether a person can outsource the switching process, and a person’s attitude towards the renewable energy sources levy that currently exist in Germany.Conclusions: The findings indicate that politics should focus on supporting wind and solar energy as German consumers prefer these sources over biogas. As the results suggest, the EEG levy is a reason why consumers have lower WTP for switching to a green tariff. Therefore a switching bonus with a specifically “framed” bonus in the amount of the current EEG levy could be a promising strategy for the increase of green energy tariff acceptance. Furthermore, attention should be given to psychological and behavioral aspects, as the results indicate that these factors influence the consumer’s choice for a green electricity tariff.JEL classifications: C23, C25, Q40, Q50
Long-term trends in colorectal cancer: incidence, localization, and presentation
Authors: Høydahl Øystein , Edna Tom-Harald , Xanthoulis Athanasios , Lydersen Stian , Endreseth Birger Henning
Published: October 2020

Background The purpose of this study was to assess trends in incidence and presentation of colorectal cancer (CRC) over a period of 37 years in a stable population in Mid-Norway. Secondarily, we wanted to predict the future burden of CRC in the same catchment area.Methods All 2268 patients diagnosed with CRC at Levanger Hospital between 1980 and 2016 were included in this study. We used Poisson regression to calculate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and analyse factors associated with incidence.Results The incidence of CRC increased from 43/100,000 person-years during 1980–1984 to 84/100,000 person-years during 2012–2016. Unadjusted IRR increased by 1.8% per year, corresponding to an overall increase in incidence of 94.5%. Changes in population (ageing and sex distribution) contributed to 28% of this increase, whereas 72% must be attributed to primary preventable factors associated with lifestyle. Compared with the last observational period, we predict a further 40% increase by 2030, and a 70% increase by 2040. Acute colorectal obstruction was associated with tumours in the left flexure and descending colon. Spontaneous colorectal perforation was associated with tumours in the descending colon, caecum, and sigmoid colon. The incidence of obstruction remained stable, while the incidence of perforation decreased throughout the observational period. The proportion of earlier stages at diagnosis increased significantly in recent decades.Conclusion CRC incidence increased substantially from 1980 to 2016, mainly due to primary preventable factors. The incidence will continue to increase during the next two decades, mainly due to further ageing of the population.
Number of parity/live birth(s) and cardiovascular disease among Iranian women and men: Results of over 15 years of follow-up.
Authors: Moazzeni Seyyed Saeed , Toreyhi Hossein , Asgari Samaneh , Azizi Fereidoun , Tehrani Fahimeh Ramezani , Hadaegh Farzad
Published: October 2020

Background: Most previous studies, conducted in non-Middle Eastern populations, have suggested that increase in the number of parity/live birth(s) leads to cardiovascular disease (CVD) development, although their findings were inconclusive on this issue for both sexes. Biologic and socioeconomic pathways were suggested to explain this association. We studied this issue among urban Iranian men and women. Methods: In this population-based cohort study, included 3929 women and 2571 men aged ≥ 30 years, Data for number of parity/live birth(s) were obtained by standard questionnaire. Participants were then annually followed for CVD events. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the number of parity/live birth(s) and other traditional CVD risk factors. Results: During more than 15 years of follow-up, 456 and 524 CVD events have occurred among women and men, respectively. Among women, a J-shaped association was found between the number of live births and incident CVD with the lowest risk for women with 2 live births. Among women in multivariate analyses, each unit increase in parity had a HR of 1.05 (CI: 1.01-1.10) and having ≥4 parity was associated with a HR of 1.86 (0.97-3.56, p-value=0.061). Among men, in comparison with participants who had 1 child, multivariate HRs of having 2, 3 and ≥4 children were 1.97 (1.24-3.12), 2.08 (1.31-3.31) and 2.08 (1.30-3.34), respectively. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first report of this issue in the Middle East and North Africa region, a region with high burden of CVD. It can now be suggested that the number of parity/live birth(s) is linked to CVD among the Iranian population, with this issue being more prominent among men. Further research is needed to support our results and clarify the pathways between the number of parity/live birth(s) and CVD development among Iranian populations by considering potential risk factors, especially psycho-socio-economic risk factors.