bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A prospective closed loop audit on the quality of the operative notes in a general surgical unit in a quaternary care centre
Authors: Javid Mohamed , Swaminathan Shanthi Ponnandai , Jebasingh Arun Victor , Velayutham Manivannan , Mani Rajeswari
Published: January 2020

Background: Proper documentation of the surgery done in the form of operative notes is a very important aspect of surgical practice. The aim of this clinical audit was to identify the existing standard of the operative notes written in a general surgical unit in a quaternary care hospital; and to compare it with the recommendations given by Royal College of Surgeons, England (in Good Surgical Practice, 2014) and if needed, to improve the standard of practice.Methods: In the first loop of this prospective audit, 75 consecutive operative notes which were written were compared with the RCS guidelines and the areas which had missing data were identified. These areas were informed to the residents, who are primarily involved in the documentation of the operative notes. The second loop of the audit was conducted after a gap of 4 months involving 75 consecutive operative notes again.Results: The areas which were initially deficient were better documented when analysed in the second loop.Conclusions: Documentation of operative notes does not always comply with the set guidelines as highlighted in the first loop of our audit. But by employing a clinical audit it is possible to identify the existing deficiencies and thereby improving the standards of practice. Also, operative note writing should be taught as part of surgical training. Definitions should be clearly provided, and specific guidelines should be established to improve the quality of the operative notes and their use to improve patient safety.
Impact of anti-tubercular treatment on weight and symptoms of category I tuberculosis patients in an urban city of central India
Authors: Barnwal Rajan K. , Gawande Avinash V. , Narlawar Uday W. , Zurmure Sandip A.
Published: January 2020

Background: Sputum conversion and weight gain are prognostic markers of treatment outcome in tuberculosis (TB) patients. Very few studies in India have assessed impact of TB treatment on weight of patients and perceived improvement in symptoms. This prospective study aimed to assess the impact of anti-tubercular treatment on weight and perceived symptoms.Methods: Three interviews were done for each patient i.e. at start (within 7 days of starting anti-tubercular treatment), at the end of intensive phase and at the end of continuation phase for recording body weight and perceived symptoms. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize baseline characteristics. Mean scores at different stages of treatment were compared by repeat measure ANOVA. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Out of 58 study subjects enrolled for the study, 53 could be followed up till the end. Mean weight improved in six months of anti-tubercular treatment. Improvement was statistically non-significant. Cough and fever were the most common symptoms prior to beginning of treatment. After the first 2 months the proportion of subjects with symptoms declined for all five symptoms i.e. fever, cough, chest pain, sweats, and dyspnoea.Conclusions: There was positive impact on weight gain in patients under category I treatment. The symptoms improved drastically in first two months with near complete resolution in six months of treatment.
Staircase-Like Crack Progression Due to Hydrogen Embrittlement of Cold-Worked Steel Strand
Authors: Fernandez Joseph Rogelio
Published: January 2020

Stressed carbon steel strand in an ungrouted duct susceptibility to pitting corrosion is low due to surface corrosion, but susceptibility of steel strand to Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE) can increase under those conditions.

The HE will facilitate crack growth within the strand. Various crack propagation mechanisms, such as longitudinal splitting and shear-cracking, have been shown as possible strand failure mechanisms by themselves in strand, but this may not be true in stressed strand in piles that has been embrittled by Hydrogen and without pre-cracking (Cracks initiating from stress concentrations naturally rather than with notching). Concentration measurements were performed to determine the level of Hydrogen involved in the embrittlement.

Results indicate that the fracture mechanism differs from shear cracking or longitudinal splitting alone as previously shown, but is a multi-step process of crack propagation starting perpendicular to stress, followed by variations of inter-lamellae longitudinal splitting at brittle region of lamellae and shear cracking at breaks in the lamellae. This process results in the crack following a “staircase” progression, and finally leading to ductile overload once cross-section has been significantly reduced. This fracture mechanism was also shown to be valid whether the strand was stressed by bending or mult-axially by stressing through a duct.
LEGAL LEGITIMACY OF A LEGISLATIVE ACT
Authors: Chernobel H. T.
Published: January 2020

The article attempts to formulate the principles of legitimacy of law since this issue is relevant but still remains debatable. Sources of law are being accepted in which power law prevails over power of law. In Soviet society, there was no right at all, because instead of legal laws, the law of the Communist Party dominated. Among the basic principles of legal legitimacy author identifies the principles of constitutional fundamentalization, popular representation, election of the parliament, judicial control over legislative activity. In addition, the legitimacy of law is ensured by legislative regulation of the legislative process, public participation in the preparation and discussion of draft laws, and professional and creative use of the rules of legislative technology.
Cinética de secagem e sua influência nas dimensões de sementes de abóbora sem casca
Authors: Vieira Danise Medeiros , Barros Sâmela Leal , Silva Virgínia Mirtes de Alcântara , Santos Newton Carlos , Nascimento Amanda Priscila Silva , Melo Mylena Olga Pessoa
Published: January 2020

A secagem aplicada as sementes de abóbora, proporciona o aumento da vida de prateleira do produto e consequentemente facilita a sua comercialização. Neste sentido, objetivou-se através do presente estudo realizar a cinética de secagem das sementes de abóbora sem casca em diferentes temperaturas do ar de secagem, ajustando os dados experimentais obtidos a modelos matemáticos empíricos e avaliar a influência da secagem em suas dimensões. A cinética de secagem das sementes de abóbora sem casca foi realizada em diferentes temperaturas do ar de secagem (50, 70 e 90 °C), ajustando os dados experimentais obtidos à modelos matemáticos empíricos de Handerson e Pabis, Lewis e Page. O tamanho das sementes foi analisado quanto ao comprimento, largura e espessura com auxílio de paquímetro digital. Com relação aos modelos matemáticos aplicados, o modelo de Page foi considerado o mais eficiente na descrição do processo de secagem de sementes de abóbora sem casca. Constatou-se que as dimensões das sementes foram diretamente influenciados pelo aumento da temperatura de secagem. Portanto, o aumento da temperatura do ar de secagem aplicado proporcionou maior remoção de umidade do produto e os dados de suas dimensões podem ser usados para dimensionar o tamanho de peneiras e equipamentos de pós-colheita.
Análise do perfil de textura do Physalis angulata L desidratado osmoticamente
Authors: Silva Semirames Do Nascimento , Dos Santos Newton Carlos , Almeida Raphael Lucas Jacinto , Barros Sâmela Leal , Silva Virgínia Mirtes De Alcântara , Gomes Josivanda Palmeira
Published: January 2020

A textura, juntamente com a aparência e o sabor, constituem os três atributos de qualidade que estabelecem a aceitabilidade de um alimento pelo consumidor. Portanto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar a desidratação osmótica do Physalis angulata L. e determinar o seu perfil de textura antes e após o processo de desidratação. Os frutos foram submetidos ao processo de desidratação osmótica em solução de sacarose nas concentrações de 45, 50, 55 e 60 °Brix com agitação mecânica de 100 rpm na temperatura de 60 °C. Para a obtenção dos parâmetros mecânicos de textura foi empregado o teste de resistência à compressão com o auxílio do probe P/36, onde os frutos in natura e desidratados foram avaliados quanto aos seguintes atributos através do diagrama de tensão-deformação: firmeza (N), coesividade, gomosidade (N) e mastigabilidade (J). Para todos os parâmetros avaliados, os maiores valores foram obtidos para os frutos desidratados a 60 °Brix e os menores para os frutos in natura. Através dos dados obtidos por meio dos parâmetros de textura, conclui-se que a concentração de sacarose foi diretamente proporcional aos parâmetros avaliados no presente estudo. No qual já era esperado visto que a saída de água do fruto, faz com que as fibras e os materiais insolúveis se concentrem, elevando os parâmetros de textura. A aceitabilidade do consumidor é influenciada pelos parâmetros de textura que fazem parte da análise sensorial. Dentre as amostras analisadas a com menor porcentagem de sacarose no processo de desidratação osmótico se destacou, por se assemelhar mais com os parâmetros da fruta in natura.
Levantamento do uso de temperos pela população de Campina Grande - Paraíba e cidades circunvizinhas
Authors: Brasileiro Ariel Roxany da Silva , Jerônimo Rayane Ellen Oliveira , Santos Andressa Rodrigues dos , Gomes Juciely Da Silva , Azevedo Camila Firmino de
Published: January 2020

As ervas como componentes culinários introduzem aroma, sabor e participam na conservação dos alimentos. Com o passar dos anos os aromatizantes e conservantes naturais foram dando espaço aos temperos industrializados, e com isso aumentando o índice de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT), uma vez que podem causar alguns problemas de saúde.Para tal foi realizada uma pesquisa através de um questionário semi estruturado formado por questões a respeito do estudo, a respeito do tema o questionário foi disponibilizado online, através da plataforma Google-forms e divulgado em aplicativos de comunicação. Os dados obtidos através das análises dos questionários concluíram que 90% dos entrevistados usam temperos industrializados, Já no que se refere ao uso de temperos naturais, 91,7% disseram que utilizam. A pesquisa servirá como base para outras e para a disseminação desse conhecimento com a população. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o conhecimento da população sobre o uso de temperos industrializados e naturais e realizar um levantamento sobre os riscos causados pelo uso de temperos industrializados.
PANC’s: Uma inovação gastronômica
Authors: Barros Karollyne Pâmella Pessoa , Souza Thaylla Carollyne Brito , Silva Sibelly Barbosa
Published: January 2020

As plantas alimentícias não convencionais ou comumente chamadas de PANC’s são espécies de plantas encontradas e cultivadas involuntariamente na natureza. Muitas vezes classificadas como ervas daninhas ou ervas espontâneas, possuem diversas propriedades alimentícias e estão cada vez mais ganhando espaço no âmbito da gastronomia, nutrição, segurança alimentar e sustentabilidade. Observamos que existe um desábito no uso dessas plantas na nossa alimentação devido à falta de informação sobre as espécies que temos em nossa biodiversidade. Sob essa ótica as “ervas espontâneas“ ou “ervas daninhas” possuem um potencial que muitos desconhecem. O presente artigo busca demonstrar que elas são uma alternativa considerável para o mercado gastronômico que está sempre em constante inovação tendo em vista que ao mesmo tempo em que fornecem uma alimentação de baixo custo e de importante valor nutricional dispõem uma nova experiência ao consumidor.
Banco de Proteína: Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar na Comunidade do Amaragi no Município de Lagoa Seca-ParaíbaMunicípio de Lagoa Seca/PB
Authors: Santos Viviane Galdino dos , Lima Laura Ana Alves de , Souza Bruna Dos Santos , Arruda Deliane Andrade de , Santos Vanderláeia Galdino dos
Published: January 2020

O presente trabalho visa relatar a experiência do projeto de extensão rural para os alunos da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba - Campus II, tendo por objetivo de contribuir com a implantação de um banco de proteína com leguminosas adaptadas as diferentes condições edafoclimáticas, no intuito de fortalecer a agricultura familiar na comunidade Amaragi, localizado na Zona Rural de Lagoa Seca/PB. Foram realizadas visitas de campo nas quais executaram a capina e o coroamento das leguminas com cobertura morta do banco de proteína já implantado na comunidade. As vivências das atividades contribuíram para a aprendizagem dos alunos envolvidos e no desenvolvimento sustentável da comunidade, bem como o fortalecimento da agricultura agroecológica da comunidade.
A Participação Feminina na Agroecologia: O Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a busca pela igualdade das relações entre os gêneros
Authors: Brandão Gabriella Henrique , Souza Bruna Dos Santos , Barroso Vitória Saskia Ferreira , Lima Deise Maria Farias , Silva Luana Rêgo , Santos Shirleyde Alves dos
Published: January 2020

O Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a luta pela igualdade entre os gêneros são temas diretamente ligados, uma vez que as mulheres agricultoras são responsáveis pelo fomento à conservação ambiental, utilizam práticas de controle natural de invasores, produção de biofertilizantes, plantio de hortaliças e das mais diversas plantas medicinais, contribuem para a biodiversidade e diversidade, ajudam a manter viva a cultura das sementes crioulas, assumindo nesse ínterim postura de preservação ambiental e de cultivares. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa no Sindicato de Trabalhadores e Trabalhadoras Rurais de Remígio-PB, visando conhecer as percepções acerca das relações de trabalho das mulheres agricultoras e suas vivências na Agroecologia, valorizando o seu conhecimento. Diante disso pode-se afirmar que o Desenvolvimento Sustentável depende da autonomia e esta pode ser alcançada através da equidade de oportunidades e relações entre homens e mulheres.
Utilização de galinheiro móvel na comunidade do Amaragi, Lagoa Seca-Paraíba
Authors: Silva Weslley de Assis , Andrade Fabricio Gomes de , Castro Thiago Benardino de Sousa , Cantalice Raniery Santiago , Coaracy Thiago Do Nascimento
Published: January 2020

O relato de experiência foi realizado no município de Lagoa Seca-PB, na comunidade do Amaragi no “Nosso Sítio” com produtores familiar em transição de Lagoa Seca -PB, com a colaboração por alunos do curso de agroecologia e agropecuária na Universidade Estadual da Paraíba - UEPB. Está experiência do galinheiro móvel as aves ficaram em fase de adaptação e, posteriormente foram colocadas dez galinhas em fase reprodutiva e um galo adulto. As galinhas permaneceram durante 15 dias em cada área escolhida e posteriormente eram colocadas em outra área que estava em pousio. Visualizou-se que as aves dentro do galinheiro móvel se alimentavam e ciscavam toda a área possibilitando a limpeza das ervas adventícias e incrementaram de material orgânico proveniente dos excrementos ricos em nitrogênio que é um elemento primordial para uma boa fertilização. As aves criadas em consórcio com hortas visando alimentação alternativa para as aves, facilitar o airado do solo, deixando-o adubado e agregado, para em seguida promover o levantamento dos canteiros no tamanho do galinheiro móvel desejado.
A agroecologia na escola
Authors: Alves Bruna Laís Nascimento , Alves Anne Caroline Bandeira Avelino , Lima Gabriela Torres Costa
Published: January 2020

A produção de alimentos é à base da agricultura, e em função das ações antrópicas inadequadas, causa prejuízos ao ambiente, por isso a agroecologia visa o desenvolvimento rural desde que minimize os prejuízos ao ambiente. O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a percepção dos alunos matriculados no ensino médio da escola ECI Estadual José Bronzeado Sobrinho no município de Remígio sobre agroecologia. A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida na ECI Estadual José Bronzeado Sobrinho e ocorreu no mês de Agosto de 2019 no Município de Remígio-PB com um público de 20 jovens de faixa etária entre 15 a 18 anos e engajados do 1º ao 3º ano do ensino médio. Por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, utilizou-se como instrumento a entrevista estruturada e analisou-se que os alunos apresentam dificuldades na compreensão do conceito da agroecologia. Embora afirmem que fazem consumo de produtos agroecológicos em suas residências. A escola é um importante espaço para disseminação de conceitos para instruir os alunos, na construção e socialização de saberes que favorece buscarem o modo de vida baseados no desenvolvimento sustentável, através de práticas agroecológicas e visando a sustentabilidade do meio ambiente.
Caracterização física e físico-química de flores de Tropaeolum majus L.
Authors: Silva Eliane Nunes , Silva Yuri Santos , Silva Daniel Mendes da , Carneiro Maria Vitória Dias , Ribeiro Wellington Souto
Published: January 2020

O objetivo foi avaliar as características físicas e físico-químicas de flores de Tropaeolum majus L. vermelha, laranja e amarelas, encaminhadas para o laboratório de biologia da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba em Lagoa Seca – PB e feito avaliações físicas (massa fresca da flor, do pedúnculo e da flor com o pedúnculo, comprimento do pedúnculo e pecíolo, diâmetro longitudinal e transversal) e físico-químicas (vitamina C, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável, relação SST/AT, pH, açucares redutores, açucares não redutores, antocianinas, flavonoides e carotenóides). Após, os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de variância pelo teste de F e as análises foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. As avaliações físicas realizadas, apenas a massa fresca da flor obteve diferença estatística, no caso, a vermelha e a laranja apresentando maior valor (0,56 gramas e 0,60 gramas, respectivamente). Quanto as análises físico-químicas, as antocianinas e flavonoides apresentaram diferença estatística e a flor vermelha apresentou maior valor, 280,82 mg e 250,97 mg, respectivamente. Com isso, a flor da capuchinha de coloração vermelha é mais indicada no caso da indústria de tinturaria, gastronomia e para a indústria farmacêutica, pois ela apresenta uma grande quantidade de antioxidantes, anti-inflamatória e antiviral.
Seletividade de extratos naturais a pragas, inimigos naturais, parasitoides e predadores em sistema de produção agroecológico vegetal
Authors: Silva Yuri Santos , Silva Eliane Nunes da , Silva Daniel Mendes da , Carneiro Maria Vitória Dias , Ribeiro Wellington Souto
Published: January 2020

A busca por compostos naturais com atividade inseticida tem sido considerada uma estratégia promissora. Metabólitos secundários de plantas podem inibir o desenvolvimento de insetos sendo repelentes e/ou atraindo alguns insetos que oferecem defesa à planta. A utilização de metabólitos de plantas é uma perspectiva limpa para o controle de insetos-praga. Os óleos essenciais são misturas de compostos lipossolúveis. Atualmente, mais de seis centenas de espécies de cento e dez famílias de plantas foram identificadas como apresentando atividade inseticida efetiva, sendo as Solanáceas uma das principais famílias. Pesquisas com inseticidas botânicos têm vantagens e limitações. O número de espécies de insetos descritos pela ciência é estimado em um milhão, apenas 10% podem ser categorizados como pragas. Extratos alcoólicos foram obtidos de folhas verdes de Cyperus rotundus, Phyllanthus tenellus, Ricinus communis e de sementes de Carica papaya. As áreas de produção agroecológicas vegetal foram dividas em transectos. Parte destes foram tratados com os extratos alcoólicos. Nesta pesquisa foram coletados, com auxílio de armadilhas, um total de 9.330 artrópodes. A partir dos resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa é possível concluir que: o extrato de Carica papaya apresentou uma eficiência de 84,2% na mortalidade de lagartas.
dUTP pyrophosphatase as a potential target for chemotherapeutic drug development.
Authors: McIntosh E M , Haynes R H
Published: January 2020

Aberrant dUTP metabolism plays a critical role in the molecular mechanism of cell killing induced by inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase. While considerable effort has been directed towards discovering new, more potent inhibitors of these two enzymes, little attention has been given dUTP pyrophosphatase (dUTPase)--the key modulator of cellular dUTP levels--as a potential target for chemotherapeutic drug development. Recent studies have provided evidence that dUTPase is vital for cellular and, in some cases, viral DNA replication. Furthermore, some retroviruses encode dUTPases--a fact which suggests that cellular dUTP metabolism may be more important than previously realized. Here, we briefly review current knowledge of cellular and viral dUTPases and discuss the potential of these enzymes as targets for cancer chemotherapeutic and anti-viral drug development.
Retention of glycosyltransferases in the Golgi apparatus.
Authors: Jaśkiewicz E
Published: January 2020

A number of Golgi glycosyltransferases has been cloned to date. They all are membrane proteins and share the same type II topology, but they do not possess an obvious sequence homology which would suggest a common Golgi retention signal. However, it was shown that the membrane-spanning domain and its flanking regions contain necessary and sufficient information for Golgi retention of these enzymes. Currently, two mutually complementary models have been proposed to explain the mechanism of Golgi retention of glycosyltransferases mediated by their transmembrane domain. The first model postulates the retention through oligomerization, which prevents enzymes from entering the transport vesicles. The second suggests that retention depends on the length of a membrane-spanning domain and thickness of the membrane along the Golgi complex. It has to be pointed out that neither the oligomerization nor the membrane thickness model alone can answer all questions and further work is still needed to elucidate the retention process of Golgi proteins.
Characterization of the oligosaccharide component of arylsulfatase B from rat liver.
Authors: Przybyło M , Lityńska A
Published: January 2020

A glycan chain analysis of the total oligosaccharide pool derived from rat liver arylsulfatase B was carried out by. P4 Gel Permeation Chromatography and sequential exoglycosidase digestion. It was found that 71% of rat liver arylsulfatase B oligosaccharides were sialylated. The relative contribution of particular structures in the total glycan pool was as follows: sialylated biantennary complex type glycans with terminal galactose--65%, high-mannose type glycans--15%, biantennary complex type glycans with core fucose and terminal N-acetylglucosamine--5%, O-linked oligosaccharides--3.5%.
The phosphorylation sites of ribosomal P proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells by endogenous CK-2, PK60S and RAP protein kinases.
Authors: Boguszewska A , Szyszka R , Grankowski N
Published: January 2020

The phosphorylation sites of ribosomal acidic proteins (P proteins) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied in vivo and in vitro by using CK-2, PK60S and RAP protein kinases. The three enzymes phosphorylate the last serine residues located in a highly conserved carboxyl end of the polypeptide chains. This was established by two-dimensional analysis of tryptic phosphopeptides from 32P-labelled proteins YP1 alpha, YP1 beta, YP2 alpha and YP2 beta, and by kinetic studies of the protein kinases with synthetic peptides corresponding to the fragments of endogenous ribosomal acidic polypeptides. In experiments with both endogenous P proteins and synthetic peptides as substrates protein kinase PK60S demonstrated unusual substrate specificity. In contrast to CK-2 and RAP protein kinases, PK60S phosphorylates predominantly two of the four P proteins, YP1 alpha and YP2 beta, with kinetic constants dependent on the primary structure of the N-terminal region of the polypeptide containing the target residue. The neutral amino acid, alanine, at position 3 in the peptide AAEESDDD (polypeptide fragments of YP1 beta and YP2 alpha) decreases the K(m) value more than 10-fold by comparison with the basic lysine residue at the same position in the peptide AKEESDDD (polypeptide fragments of YP1 alpha and YP2 beta).
Transformation of 1-O-(indole-3-acetyl)-beta-D-glucose into di-O-(indole-3-acetyl)-D-glucose catalysed by enzyme preparations from corn seedlings.
Authors: Szmidt-Jaworska A , Kesy J , Kopcewicz J
Published: January 2020

A new enzymatic activity, which catalyses formation in vitro of di-O-(indole-3-acetyl)-D-glucose from 1-O-(indole-3-acetyl)-beta-D-glucose has been found in extracts of Zea mays seedlings. The structure of di-O-(indole-3-acetyl)-D-glucose, not as yet described, has been assigned by GC-MS, 1H NMR and ammonolysis.
Expression, purification and kinetic properties of human recombinant phospholipase C delta 3.
Authors: Pawełczyk T , Matecki A
Published: January 2020

To obtain sufficient quantities of pure phospholipase C delta 3 (PLC delta 3) necessary for structural and kinetic studies, cDNA of human fibroblast PLC delta 3 was cloned in the pPROEX-1 vector, expressed in E. coli cells as a (6 x His) fusion protein and purified to homogeneity. From 1 L of E. coli culture 8 mg of pure PLC delta 3 was obtained by a two step purification procedure, which includes phosphocellulose and Mono S cation exchange chromatography. The presence of His tag did not affect the catalytic and regulatory properties of PLC delta 3. The K(app) for PIP2 was 142 +/- 11 and 156 +/- 12 microM for His.PLC delta 3 and PLC delta 3, respectively. Recombinant PLC delta 3 showed an absolute requirement for Ca2+. Increasing the free Ca2+ concentration from 0.2 to 0.5 microM resulted in a sharp increase in enzyme activity. In comparison with human recombinant PLC delta 1 the delta 3 isoenzyme was more sensitive to low Ca2+ concentration. The Ca2+ concentration yielding maximal activation of PLC delta 1 and PLC delta 3 was 10 and 1 microM, respectively. The activity of PLC delta 3 was stimulated by polyamines and by basic proteins such as protamine, histone and mellitin. PLC delta 3 was activated most effectively by spermine and histone but the extent of this activation was lower than for PLC delta 1. The data presented indicate that the expression of PLC delta 3 in E. coli cells permits to obtain active enzyme. The catalytic and regulatory properties of PLC delta 3 are similar to those of PLC delta 1.
Modification of pre-mRNA splicing by antisense oligonucleotides.
Authors: Kole R
Published: January 2020

Antisene oligonucleotides have been extensively studied as agents that inhibit the expression of undesirable genes in a sequence specific manner. Results reviewed in this article show that antisene oligonucleotides can also restore the expression of genes inactivated by mutations causing genetic diseases. In this novel application, antisene oligonucleotides block aberrant splice sites created by the mutations, forcing the spliceosomes to form at correct splice sites, thus restoring the proper splicing pathway and consequently the activity of the damaged gene.
The dynamic nature of plant mitochondrial genome organization.
Authors: Jańska H , Wołoszyńska M
Published: January 2020

The characteristic features of higher plant mitochondrial genomes: size, structure, recombination activity and evolutionary dynamics, are reviewed with the emphasis on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Phaseolus vulgaris. Among all examined eukaryotic organisms, higher plants were found to contain the largest and most complex mitochondrial genomes. The plant mtDNA structure in vivo and mechanisms of evolution are controversial. We present the currently accepted models and how these models correspond to mitochondrial genomes of several common bean lines.
Expression of the yeast NAM9 gene coding for mitochondrial ribosomal protein.
Authors: Boguta M , Chacińska A , Murawski M , Szcześniak B
Published: January 2020

We studied expression of the NAM9 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that was previously reported to code for a mitochondrial ribosomal protein. Increase in NAM9 gene dosage is accompanied by the increase in both mRNA and protein. The levels of the NAM9 transcript and protein are both reduced in cells growing on glucose as compared to cells growing on galactose as a carbon source. Nam9p accumulates to the same level in rho(o) and rho(+) cells. These results confirm previous data indicating diverse regulation of different mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes and suggest that expression of Nam9p is not co-ordinated with the expression of other mitochondrial ribosomal components.
Nucleotide sequence of nuclear tRNA(Gly) genes and tRNA(Gly) pseudogenes from yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus): expression of the tRNA(Gly) genes in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: Nuc P , Nuc K , Szweykowska-Kulińska Z , Pawełkiewicz J
Published: January 2020

A nuclear DNA fragment (7.8 kb) from yellow lupin (L. luteus) was sequenced and shown to contain tRNA(Gly) (GGC) genes and tRNAGly (GGC) pseudogenes organized in three tandemly repeated units: of 2565 bp and 2564 bp, and one, truncated from its 3' end, of 1212 bp. Each unit contains an identical pair of a tRNA(Gly) gene and a pseudogene, both having the same polarity. The nucleotide sequence of the gene appears colinear to L. luteus cytoplasmic tRNA(Gly) (GGC) primary structure. All three genes are efficiently transcribed in HeLa-cell nuclear extract giving two primary transcripts. The main, longer primary transcripts have each an extremely long 3' trailer of about 100 nucleotides, the structure of which is specific only for tRNAGly genes and pseudogenes (80% homology) of the studied tandem (but not for other tRNA(Gly) genes of the yellow lupin genome) as it has been shown by Southern hybridization. This distinctive feature allowed to isolate putative tRNAGly precursor(s) encoded by at least one of the three tRNA(Gly) (GGC) genes from L. luteus seedlings.
Molecular cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a gene coding for bovine S100A1 protein and its Glu32-->Gln and Glu73-->Gln mutants.
Authors: Bolewska K , Kozłowska H , Goch G , Mikołajek B , Bierzyński A
Published: January 2020

Calcium binding S100A1 protein consists of two S100 alpha subunits. On the basis of sequence homology to other S100 proteins it is believed that the binding loops are formed by amino-acid residues 19-32 and 62-73 of S100 alpha polypeptide chain. In the oxidized form of the protein the subunits are linked covalently with each other by a disulphide bond between their Cys85 residues. A synthetic gene coding for bovine S100 alpha subunit was constructed and cloned into a derivative of pAED4 plasmid. The gene was expressed in Escherichia coli utilizing the T7 expression system. The expression products were purified and identified using mass spectrometry and by sequencing of their N- and C-termini. Three different forms (a, b, and c) of S100 alpha were produced: with the native sequence, with the initiator methionine at the N-terminus, and with an additional alanine at the C-terminus as well as with the initiator methionine. The material was partly oxidized. Interestingly, only the homodimers of a, b, and c species were formed. The total yield of the protein was about 50 mg/l of culture. Genes coding for Glu32-->Gln and Glu73-->Gln mutants of S100 alpha were obtained by site-directed mutagenesis and expressed in the same system. In both cases similar mixtures of oxidized and reduced a, b, and c species have been obtained. The total yield of E73Q mutant is similar to that of the native protein and that of E32Q lower by about a half. As expected, the mutants of S100 alpha subunits bind only one calcium ion.
Determination of single monosugars bound to a peptide.
Authors: Krotkiewski H , Krotkiewska B
Published: January 2020

A method is described which allows detection and quantitative determination of single monosugar units bound O-glycosidically to a peptide. A glycoprotein or a glycopeptide is chemically degraded under the modified conditions of Carlson degradation (beta-elimination performed in weakly alkaline conditions in the presence of sodium borohydride). An aliquot of the neutralized reaction mixture, supplemented with an internal standard, is peracetylated, extracted and directly analyzed by g.l.c.-m.s. All the O-linked oligosaccharides split off from the peptide are derivatized, but under gas-liquid chromatography at 150-230 degrees C only monosugar peracetylated alditols reach the detector. By comparing the retention times of appropriate peaks with standards and by checking their mass spectra the monosugar alditols are unequivocally identified. The detectable amount of a reduced monosugar in the analyzed sample is about 0.3 microgram. Several glycoproteins were analyzed using this method. Free N-acetylgalactosaminitol was detected in the degradation products of human glycophorin A and ovine submaxillary mucin, additionally free galactitol was detected in the degradation products of glycophorin. This result suggests that some single galactose units, O-glycosidically linked to the peptide are present in human glycophorin A.
Studies on the nature of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects induced by hydralazine.
Authors: Marczewska J , Koziorowska J H
Published: January 2020

The nature of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects induced by hydralazine was analyzed taking into account possible protection of cells by catalase, superoxide dismutase and dimethyl sulfoxide. For the experiments designed to evaluate the influence of scavengers on the genotoxicity expressed as the SOS induction factor the E. coli PQ37 strain was used. The cytotoxic effects were investigated in V3 cells cultured in vitro. The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of hydralazine were suppressed by catalase in a dose-dependent manner but they were enhanced by superoxide dismutase. No protective effect of dimethyl sulfoxide was observed. Our results indicate that H2O2 plays an essential role in the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of hydralazine.
Effect of high temperature treatment of Vicia faba roots on the oxidative stress enzymes in leaves.
Authors: Filek M , Baczek R , Niewiadomska E , Pilipowicz M , Kościelniak J
Published: January 2020

The following types of superoxide dismutase (SOD) have been found in the leaves of Vicia faba: one isoenzyme of Mn-SOD and four isoenzymes of Cu/Zn-SOD. The treatments of roots with boiling water caused an increase of SOD activity in the leaves. The highest increase was measured after 5 s of the treatment. It was accompanied by a significant increase in catalase activity. Analysis of cell fractions' revealed an increase of SOD activity in the plastids and mitochondria isolated from the leaves of those plants whose roots were heat-treated. However, there was no distinct change of SOD activity in the cytosolic fraction. The possibility of an electric wave intervention inducing oxidative stress in the leaves is discussed.
Ketone bodies activate gluconeogenesis in isolated rabbit renal cortical tubules incubated in the presence of amino acids and glycerol.
Authors: Lietz T , Winiarska K , Bryła J
Published: January 2020

In isolated rabbit renal kidney-cortex tubules 2 mM glycerol, which is a poor gluconeogenic substrate, does not induce glucose formation in the presence of alanine, while it activates gluconeogenesis on substitution of alanine by aspartate, glutamate or proline. The addition of either 5 mM 3-hydroxybutyrate or 5 mM acetoacetate to renal tubules incubated with alanine + glycerol causes a marked induction of glucose production associated with inhibition of glutamine synthesis. In contrast, the rate of the latter process is not altered by ketones in the presence of glycerol and either aspartate, glutamine or proline despite the stimulation of glucose formation. Acceleration of gluconeogenesis by ketone bodies in the presence of amino acids and glycerol is probably due to (i) stimulation of pyruvate carboxylase activity, (ii) activation of malate-aspartate shuttle as concluded from elevated intracellular levels of malate, aspartate and glutamate, as well as (iii) diminished supply of ammonium for glutamine synthesis from alanine resulting from a decrease in glutamate dehydrogenase activity.
Specificity of the tonoplast transport of the oleanolic acid monoglycosides in the vacuoles from Calendula officinalis leaves.
Authors: Szakiel A , Janiszowska W
Published: January 2020

The specificity of two separate tonoplast permeases transporting oleanolic acid glycosides was investigated in vacuoles isolated from leaf protoplasts of marigold (Calendula officinalis) with the use of chemically synthesized analogs. The results indicate that the proper structure of both parts of oleanolic acid monoglycoside, i.e. aglycon and the sugar moiety, are required for binding to a specific tonoplast carrier.
Activity of liver proteases in experimental methanol intoxication.
Authors: Skrzydlewska E , Skrzydlewski Z , Worowski K
Published: January 2020

Intoxication of rats with methanol (1.5 and 3.0 g/kg body weight) led to a significant, time- and dose-dependent decrease in the activities of cathepsins A, B and C, while the activity of cathepsin D was unaffected. The decrease was associated with a different partial release of individual cathepsins to the post-lysosomal fraction.
Tumor cell N-glycans in metastasis.
Authors: Laidler P , Lityńska A
Published: January 2020

Metastasis accounts for most of deaths caused by cancer. The increasing body of evidence suggests that changes in N-glycosylation of tumor cell proteins such as increased branching, increased sialylation, polysialylation, decreased fucosylation, enhanced formation of Lewis X and sialyl Lewis X antigens are among important factors determining metastatic potential of tumor cell. Most of the adhesion proteins, e.g., integrins, members of immunoglobulin superfamily, and cadherins are heavily N-glycosylated. The other proteins involved in adhesion, like galectins and type-C selectins, recognize N-glycans as a part of their specific ligands. In this review we focus on recent reports concerning the contribution of N-glycosylation of tumor cell adhesion molecules and some selected membrane proteins in the tumor invasion and metastasis.
Adenosine deaminase activity in blood of patients with stable angina pectoris.
Authors: Kopff M , Zakrzewska I , Klem J , Kalinowska-Fuchs J , Strzelczyk M
Published: January 2020

The activity of adenosine deaminases (EC.3.5.4.4) in granulocytes and lymphocytes of patients with stable angina pectoris was lower by about 27% and 24%, respectively as compared with control group, whereas these values in erythrocytes and blood plasma were at the normal level.
أنظمة الري بالأفلاج في إمارة رأس الخيمة: الوضع الحالي والآفاق المستقبلية لحفظها وحمايتها
Authors: Raynolds William
Published: January 2020

تعتبر محطات الأفلاج المائية في إمارة رأس الخيمة شهادة على البراعة البشرية، ومع ذلك فقد تم التخلي عنها إلى حد كبير بسبب انخفاض منسوب المياه وتراجع زراعة نخيل التمر ونقص الصيانة. تتناول هذه الورقة الظروف الحالية لمحطات المياه وآفاق الحفاظ عليها، وكذلك التأثير المحتمل للحفاظ عليها على التنمية المستدامة لمستقبل إمارة رأس الخيمة من حيث التراث، والسياحة، والموارد الطبيعية، والشركات المحلية.
Prospective and Retrospective Memory Complaints in HIV-Infected Individuals
Authors: Ghodrati Saeed , Shahabinezhad Zahra , Seyedalinaghi Seyedahmad , Nejati Vahid
Published: January 2020

Background and Purpose: Deficits of retrospective memory and prospective memory, which are two primary components of episodic memory, have been reported in prior studies in HIV-infected individuals. The present study aimed to further elucidate the characteristics of prospective and retrospective memory complaints in HIV-infected individuals.
Materials and Methods: We recruited 50 HIV-uninfected individuals from the general community, and 67 HIV-infected people who were under the treatment of antiretroviral therapy in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Tehran, Iran in 2016. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to inspect the differences between HIV-infected and seronegative volunteers.
Results: The results of ANOVA showed that HIV-infected individuals had more complaints of in long-delayed ProM (p=0.049), short-delayed RetM (p=0.016), and long-delayed RetM (p=0.009) than seronegative volunteers. No difference was observed in the complaints of short-delayed ProM between HIV-infected and the seronegative volunteers (p=0.921). The results of paired sample t-test also revealed that ProM complaints did not differ with RetM complaints among HIV-infected individuals (p=0.55), but ProM complaints were more frequent than RetM complaints among seronegative volunteers (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Through understanding the characteristics of ProM/RetM complaints in HIV-infected individuals, we will be able to provide appropriate rehabilitation programs which correctly target their ProM/RetM deficits.
Additive Effect of Piriformospora Indica Fungus and Rhodococcus Erythropolis Bacteria on Bio-Remediation of Pyrene in a Pb-Polluted Soil Treated With Tire Rubber Ash
Authors: Baghaie Amir Hossein , Fereydoni Mohammad
Published: January 2020

Background and Purpose: This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of Piriformospora indica fungus (P. indica) and Rhodococcus erythropolis (R. erythropolis) bacteria on bio-remediation of pyrene in a Pb-polluted soil that was treated with tire rubber ash.
Materials and Methods: Treatment consisted of applying tire rubber ash at the rates of 0 and 300 mg/kg soil, soil polluted with pyrene at the amount of 0 and 100 mg/kg soil, soil pollution with Pb (0, 400 and 800 mg/kg soil), and finally plant inoculated with P. indica fungus and R. erythropolis bacteria, and the plant used in this experiment was canola. After 60 days, plants were harvested and plant Pb and Zn concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The pyrene concentration in the soil samples were extracted by soxhlet using n-hexane and a 1:1 (v/v) dichloromethane during 24 h and measured according to the Besalatpour et al. (2011). The basal soil microbial respiration was measured as evolved CO2.
Results: A significant increase (P=0.05) by 15.1% was observed in pyrene degradation in soil when plant inoculated with P. indica and R. erythropolis. However, soil pollution with Pb significantly decreased the pyrene degradation in the soil. At the same time, adding tire rubber ash to the soil significantly increased the plant biomass and pyrene degradation.
Conclusion: Plant inoculation with P. indica and R. erythropolis had an additive effect on pyrene degrading (bio-remediation) in soil that is an important factor in environmental studies. However, soil pollution with heavy metals showed an adverse effect on it.
Investigating the Factors Affecting the Length of Stay of Patients Admitted To Psychiatry Hospital at North of Iran
Authors: Hadinezhad Pezhman , Setareh Javad , Moosazadeh Mahmood
Published: January 2020

Background and Purpose: Length of stay is one of the most useful indicators, which can be used for aims, such as managing hospital, determining quality of control and available resources of the hospital. Concerning the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the community, studying the factors affecting the length of stay of these patients in psychiatric hospitals seemed to be useful and significant.
Materials and methods: The present research was a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 152 patients with psychiatric disorders hospitalized in the Psychiatry Hospital of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The final diagnosis of psychiatric disorder based on the DSM-V criteria and the length of stay at the end was recorded. The collected data were then analyzed by SPSS Software ver. 16
Results: Length of stay was significantly higher in men than women (p <0.001). In terms of diagnosis, the maximum duration of hospitalization was related to psychotic disorders (p = 0.001), and the length of stay increased significantly 0.21 day for each time of hospitalization. (p=0.008)
Conclusion: The length of stay in men with psychotic disorders and more frequent hospitalization was found to be higher than others. Hence, it seemed necessary to consider plans about these patients.
A Causal Model of Chronic Fatigue in Nurses: The mediating role of organizational spirituality
Authors: Jorfi Hadi , Marashian Fatemeh Sadat
Published: January 2020

Background & Purpose: Nursing profession often results in chronic fatigue in nurses. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to provide a causal model of chronic fatigue based on job stressors, sleep quality and morningness/eveningness through the mediation of organizational spirituality among the nurses of Ahwaz City.
Materials & Methods: Path analysis of the correlation method was employed. The sample comprised 300 nurses from Ahwaz City who were selected via multi-stage random sampling method. The research tools included the Osipow Occupational Stress Inventory (1987), The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (1987), Smith, Reilly and Midkiff’s Measure of Morningness/Eveningness (1989), Workplace Spirituality Scale by Milliman et al. (2003), and Jason’s ME/CFS Fatigue Types Questionnaire (MFTQ) (2009). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling method.
Results: Direct effect of path coefficients job stressors  on chronic fatigue (p <0.05 and β=0.19), the quality of sleep on chronic fatigue (p <0.05 and β=0.32), morningness/eveningness on chronic fatigue (p <0.05 and β=-0.11), job stressors  on organizational spirituality (p <0.05 and β=0.16), morningness/ eveningness on organizational spirituality (p <0.05 and β=0.26) were significant, respectively, but the direct path coefficient of quality of sleep on the organizational spirituality with the coefficient (p <0.05 and β=-0.01) was not significant, and on the whole, the proposed model data was verified.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that less job stressors lead to less chronic fatigue which improve the quality of sleep and decrease chronic fatigue. Also, the appropriateness of working shifts of nurses with morningness or eveningness factors and the promotion of organizational spirituality lead to lower chronic fatigue in nurses. On the other hand, nurses who experience less job stresses due to spiritual affairs will suffer less chronic fatigue. Moreover, the nurses’ sleep quality and the adaptation of working shift with their sleep patterns are the determinant factors of their efficiency.
Report of the Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever in Abadan, Iran: Summer 2016 (Case Report)
Authors: Valipour Ali Asghar , Karimyan Azimeh , Piri Maghsud , Bahrami Dariush , Hallajian Fatemeh , Hezariyan Maryam , Yari Mehran , Mollaei Pardeh Maziyar , Ghassemi Marzieh
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne, viral disease that may also be transmitted through person-to-person transmission by exposure to infected body fluids. It causes a severe disease in humans with high mortality rates. Here we present two cases of CCHF patients with sudden onset of lethargy, fever, nausea, vomiting, headache, and hemorrhagic manifestation. With one of the patients tick bite was confirmed, then he was treated with ribavirin in isolation and recovered completely. The second patient was in contact with the infected blood of a sheep and, unfortunately, despite the treatment, he passed away. Public health measures should focus on preventing this infection by raising the awareness of CCHF symptoms and route of its transmission, and also by adopting practices to decrease the chances of spreading infections in hospitals.