bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La comunicación financiera responsable a través de Internet y de las redes sociales
Authors: Mazza Bárbara
Published: June 2015

El ensayo se focaliza en el estudio de la responsabilidad social de la empresa centrándose en la comunicación económica – financiera. En los últimos treinta años, la comunicación económica-financiera se ha vuelto estratégica para la gestión cotidiana de las empresas y, no solo, para aquellas que cotizan en la Bolsa. En su evolución, la dimensión de la comunicación dedicada a la economía y a las finanzas, no se dirige solo a los inversionistas, sino también se extiende a todos los públicos, buscando mayor transparencia y previendo la implicación participativa de los stakeholders. Los contenidos se caracterizan por ser únicamente económicos, regulados por las normativas nacionales e internacionales, utilizan  la información y la  narración para  reconstruir los procesos, las historias y los valores de la organización. Los elementos de la responsabilidad social de la empresa expresan el valor, la credibilidad y la identidad misma del gobierno corporativo. El ensayo presenta un análisis de las modalidades comunicativas adoptadas por las empresas europeas líderes en los mercados financieros internacionales, centrándose en el estudio del contenido, las herramientas y las estrategias de comunicación.
Geodetic surveying as part of archaeological research in Sudan
Authors: Pacina Jan
Published: June 2015

Surveying is an important part of any archaeological research. In this paper we focus on the archaeological research in north Sudan (6th Nile cataract) and the surveying methods applicable under the local conditions. Surveying in the Third World countries is affected by the political situation (limited import of surveying tools), local conditions (lack of fixed points, GNSS correction signal), inaccessible basemaps and fixed point network. This article describes the methods and results obtained during the three archaeological seasons (2011-2014). The classical surveying methods were combined with KAP (Kite Aerial Photography) to obtain the desired results in form of archaeological maps, detailed orthophoto images and other analyses results.
Asymptomatic ST-depression during exercise testing in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and autonomic dysfunction
Authors: Laptev Dmitry Nikitich , Kuraeva Tamara Leonidovna , Ryabykina Galina Vladimirovna , Polyakov Sergey Dmitrievich , Korneeva Irina Timofeevna , Namazova-Baranova Leila Seymurovna
Published: June 2015

Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate cardiac autonomic function as assessed by ST dynamics during and post-exercise in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Materials and methods. The study included 71 young patients with T1DM. The patients were aged 9?18 years and had no history of macrovascular disease or renal disease, including microalbuminuria. Cardiac autonomic function was assessed using cardiovascular tests and 24-h ECG monitoring with automatic calculation of QT interval and heart rate variability parameters. Each patient underwent the physical working capacity 170 test. Results. The prevalence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) was 30.9%. The frequency of asymptomatic ST-segment depression increased during exercise in 10 (45.5%) patients with CAN (CAN+) compared with 9 (18.4%) patients without CAN (CAN-; p=0.042). During the recovery period, asymptomatic ST-segment depression was present in the first minute in 8 (36.4%) CAN+ patients compared with 1 (2%) CAN- patient (p=0.0003) and in the second minute in 5 (22.7%) CAN+ patients compared with 1 (2%) CAN- patient (p=0.0095). Conclusion. Children and adolescents with T1DM and impaired autonomic function have increased prevalence of asymptomatic ST-segment depression during and post-exercise. The presence of cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents with T1DM and CAN may contribute to the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality during adulthood in patients with T1DM.
Modern technology for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus with end-stage renal failure
Authors: Krupinova Yulia Alexandrovna , Martinov Sergei Andreevich , Glazunova Alexandra Michailovna , Tarasov Evgeny Vladimirovich
Published: June 2015

This article describes the clinical case of a patient with early development of terminal complications of type 1 diabetes with chronic decompensated carbohydrate metabolism. For 1 year, the patient was treated with hemodialysis and she subsequently underwent successful kidney transplantation.
Gefühlswelten im Zoo
Authors: Klothmann Nastasja
Published: June 2015

Einmal einen Löwen streicheln, sich vor dem Gorilla gruseln, ein Tier als Freund begrüßen oder die Seelenverwandtschaft mit fremdartigen Lebewesen fühlen - das macht seit dem 20. Jahrhundert die Faszination eines Zoobesuches aus. Auf kulturgeschichtlicher Ebene untersucht Nastasja Klothmann die verschiedenen Emotionen, die bei Menschen durch Zootiere hervorgerufen werden. Vom allgemeinen Stellenwert der Tiere in der Gesellschaft bis hin zum persönlichen Verhältnis von Zeitzeugen während der Weltkriege zeichnet sie den Wandel im Umgang mit Wildtieren nach. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung stehen neben dem Tierpark Hagenbeck die zoologischen Gärten in Leipzig und Berlin sowie der kleinere Nürnberger Tiergarten.
Symulacja efektów rozdrabniania w prasie walcowej dla materiału o zmiennej zawartości ziaren drobnych / Simulation of Comminution Effects in HPGR for the Feed Material Variable Content of Fine Particles
Authors: Saramak Daniel
Published: June 2015

Streszczenie

W artykule przedstawione zostały wyniki badań dotyczących procesów rozdrabniania w prasie walcowej dla rud miedzi. Przeprowadzono próby kruszenia w laboratoryjnej prasie walcowej dla materiału o zmiennej zawartości najdrobniejszych klas ziarnowych, mianowicie: od 0 do 6 mm, od 0,3 do 6 mm, od 1,5 do 6mm oraz od2,5 do 6mm. Próby przeprowadzono dla materiałuo wilgotności naturalnej (tj. blisko 0%) oraz 2%. Uzyskane w tym zakresie wyniki pokazują, że dla materiału wilgotnego efektywność rozdrabniania nieznacznie się zmniejszyła, również pozbawianie nadawy kolejnych drobnych klas ziarnowych miało swój efekt w mniejszym stopniu rozdrobnienia produktów HPGR, jednak w miarę dalszego zwiększania wilgotności nadawy wskaźniki wydajności oraz energo- chłonności procesu uległy pogorszeniu.

Analizując parametry pracy wysokociśnieniowej prasy walcowej można stwierdzić, że zwięk- szenie wilgotności nieznacznie zwiększa wydajność procesu, również w niewielkim stopniu redukując jego energochłonność.

Jednym z praktycznych efektów była próba opisu krzywych składu ziarnowego produktów rozdrabniania HPGR o zmiennym uziarnieniu nadawy za pomocą teoretycznej dystrybuanty Weibulla oraz powiązanie parametrów we wzorze aproksymującym z poziomem usunięcia drobnych klas ziarnowych nadawy. Wyniki aproksymacji pokazują, że dystrybuanta Weibulla opisuje produkty rozdrabniania z błędem dopasowania poniżej 4%. Z kolei aproksymacja z powiązaniem parametrów wzoru aproksymującego ze stopniem usunięcia drobnych klas ziarnowych charakteryzowała się błędem dopasowania przekraczającym minimalnie 5% przy najgorszym dopasowaniu, natomiast najdokładniejsze dopasowanie miało błąd poniżej 4%. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły na określenie zależności pomiędzy właściwościami nadawy a przebiegiem procesu rozdrabniania rudy miedzi w wysokociśnieniowej prasie walcowej oraz jego efektywnością mierzoną wskaźnikami techno- logicznymi i ekonomicznymi.
The beneficial role of anti-inflammatory dietary ingredients in attenuating markers of chronic low-grade inflammation in aging
Authors: Panickar Kiran S. , Jewell Dennis E.
Published: June 2015

Aging in humans is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation (systemic), and this condition is sometimes referred to as “inflammaging”. In general, canines also age similarly to humans, and such aging is associated with a decline in mobility, joint problems, weakened muscles and bones, reduced lean body mass, cancer, increased dermatological problems, decline in cognitive ability, reduced energy, decreased immune function, decreased renal function, and urinary incontinence. Each of these conditions is also associated with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines. An inflammatory state characterized by an increase in pro-inflammatory markers including but not restricted to tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, IL-1β, and C-reactive protein (CRP) is believed to contribute to or worsen a general decline in biological mechanisms responsible for physical function with aging. Nutritional management of inflammation in aging dogs is important in maintaining health. In particular, natural botanicals have bioactive components that appear to have robust anti-inflammatory effects and, when included in the diet, may contribute to a reduction in inflammation. While there are scientific data to support the anti-inflammatory effects and the efficacy of such bioactive molecules from botanicals, the clinical data are limited and more studies are needed to validate the efficacy of these ingredients. This review will summarize the role of dietary ingredients in reducing inflammatory molecules as well as review the evidence available to support the role of diet and nutrition in reducing chronic low-grade systemic inflammation in animal and human studies with a special reference to canines, where possible.
Osmotic Dehydration of Tomato Assisted by Ultrasound: Evaluation of the Liquid Media on Mass Transfer and Product Quality
Authors: Corrêa Jefferson L. G. , Justus Ariana , de Oliveira Letícia F. , Alves Guilherme E.
Published: June 2015

The treatment of a food in liquid media involves mass transfer and could aid to preserve some food properties. The assistance of ultrasound (US) could even improve the process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate US (frequency 25 kHz, powder intensity 8 kW m–3) in tomato treatment in sucrose and NaCl solutions, common osmotic agents. Moreover, for testing the influence of the media, distilled water and maltodextrin solution completed the set of tested liquids. Water loss (WL), solid gain (SG), water activity (a
w), color parameters, like the total color difference (ΔE) and microstructure were evaluated. The advantages of NaCl and sucrose solutions were the high WL and SG values besides low a
w and ΔE. The alterations in the microstructure of US-treated samples in distilled water or maltodextrin suggested that a product with low solid incorporation and reduced drying time could be obtained in a further drying.
The Institutional and External Factors Behind the Switch of a Country’s Economic Growth Strategy. The Case of the Brazilian Economic Policy
Authors: Czarnecka-Gallas Marta
Published: June 2015

One of the most important tasks for Brazil after the Second World War was to change the structure of its economy. Due to a relatively low level of domestic industry, consecutive governments found industrialization the main priority and focused on industrial policy to foster that process. One can argue that industrial policy was the core element of Brazilian economic policy throughout the post-war period, until the liberalization reforms of the 1980 s. Political and economic traditions, together with rapid changes in global economy over the last decades, have had a huge impact on more recent Brazilian economic policy. On one hand, the country has kept looking back to the protectionist practices that have shaped its economy since the emergence of the modern Brazilian state, on the other, Brazil’s ambition is to become a leading emerging economy and serious partner in the developed world. A dual development track, and continuous inner-conflict between protectionism and liberalism, is clearly visible in Brazilian economic policy and often leads to contradictory measures being taken by successive governments. The objectives of the article is to provide a contextualized analysis of the evolution of Brazil’s economic growth strategy, with a particular focus on the role of economic and political traditions, and institutions.
Accuracy of unmodified Stokes’ integration in the R-C-R procedure for geoid computation
Authors: Ismail Zahra , Jamet Olivier
Published: June 2015

Geoid determinations by the Remove-Compute-­Restore (R-C-R) technique involves the application of Stokes’ integral on reduced gravity anomalies. Numerical Stokes’ integration produces an error depending on the choice of the integration radius, grid resolution and Stokes’ kernel function.

In this work, we aim to evaluate the accuracy of Stokes’ integral through a study on synthetic gravitational signals derived from EGM2008 on three different landscape areas with respect to the size of the integration domain and the resolution of the anomaly grid. The influence of the integration radius was studied earlier by several authors. Using real data, they found that the choice of relatively small radii (less than 1°) enables to reach an optimal accuracy. We observe a general behaviour coherent with these earlier studies. On the other hand, we notice that increasing the integration radius up to 2° or 2.5° might bring significantly better results. We note that, unlike the smallest radius corresponding to a local minimum of the error curve, the optimal radius in the range 0° to 6° depends on the terrain characteristics. We also find that the high frequencies, from degree 600, improve continuously with the integration radius in both semi-­mountainous and mountain areas.

Finally, we note that the relative error of the computed geoid heights depends weakly on the anomaly spherical harmonic degree in the range from degree 200 to 2000. It remains greater than 10 % for any integration radii up to 6°. This result tends to prove that a one centimetre accuracy cannot be reached in semi-mountainous and mountainous regions with the unmodified Stokes’ kernel.
Comparison between multi-constellation ambiguity-fixed PPP and RTK for maritime precise navigation
Authors: Tegedor Javier , Liu Xianglin , Ørpen Ole , Treffers Niels , Goode Matthew , Øvstedal Ola
Published: June 2015

In order to achieve high-accuracy positioning, either Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) or Precise Point Positioning (PPP) techniques can be used. While RTK normally delivers higher accuracy with shorter convergence times, PPP has been an attractive technology for maritime applications, as it delivers uniform positioning performance without the direct need of a nearby reference station. Traditional PPP has been based on ambiguity-­float solutions using GPS and Glonass constellations. However, the addition of new satellite systems, such as Galileo and BeiDou, and the possibility of fixing integer carrier-phase ambiguities (PPP-AR) allow to increase PPP accuracy. In this article, a performance assessment has been done between RTK, PPP and PPP-AR, using GNSS data collected from two antennas installed on a ferry navigating in Oslo (Norway). RTK solutions have been generated using short, medium and long baselines (up to 290 km). For the generation of PPP-AR solutions, Uncalibrated Hardware Delays (UHDs) for GPS, Galileo and BeiDou have been estimated using reference stations in Oslo and Onsala. The performance of RTK and multi-­constellation PPP and PPP-AR are presented.
Small Area Model-Based Estimators Using Big Data Sources
Authors: Marchetti Stefano , Giusti Caterina , Pratesi Monica , Salvati Nicola , Giannotti Fosca , Pedreschi Dino , Rinzivillo Salvatore , Pappalardo Luca , Gabrielli Lorenzo
Published: June 2015

The timely, accurate monitoring of social indicators, such as poverty or inequality, on a finegrained spatial and temporal scale is a crucial tool for understanding social phenomena and policymaking, but poses a great challenge to official statistics. This article argues that an interdisciplinary approach, combining the body of statistical research in small area estimation with the body of research in social data mining based on Big Data, can provide novel means to tackle this problem successfully. Big Data derived from the digital crumbs that humans leave behind in their daily activities are in fact providing ever more accurate proxies of social life. Social data mining from these data, coupled with advanced model-based techniques for fine-grained estimates, have the potential to provide a novel microscope through which to view and understand social complexity. This article suggests three ways to use Big Data together with small area estimation techniques, and shows how Big Data has the potential to mirror aspects of well-being and other socioeconomic phenomena.
International Conference on the Conservation of the Lesser Spotted Eagle, Košická Belá, Slovakia, 2014
Authors: Guziová Zuzana , Dravecký Miroslav
Published: June 2015

The International Conference on the Conservation of the Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina) was held on September 25-27, 2014 in Lesanka Gesthouse at Košická Belá, Slovakia. It was organised by Raptor Protection of Slovakia (RPS) in cooperation with Východoslovenská energetika Holding a.s. The conference dealt with (i) delivering further inputs for updating the European Action Plan for the species, (ii) sharing information on biology and ecology of the species, and (iii) exchange of experience with best practice and innovative species conservation measures. A total of 59 participants from 1 4 countries attended the conference. The agenda included 17 presentations and 7 posters. Some of the contributions are published in Slovak Raptor Journal volume 9 (2015) as full papers, and a further 23 contributions are published as abstracts. The conference also included two field trips during which participants had the opportunity to observe the installation of console barriers on poles of 22 kV power lines, and typical habitats of the lesser spotted eagle. The conference was organized within the framework of the project LIFE09NAT/SK/000396 Conservation of Aquila pomarina in Slovakia, implemented by Raptor Protection of Slovakia, Východoslovenská energetika Holding a.s., Stredoslovenská energetika, a.s. and Stredoslovenská energetika-Distribúcia, a.s. The project was cofinanced by EU-LIFE and the Ministry for Environment of the Slovak Republic.
On the food of the Eurasian pygmy owl (Glaucidium passerinum) in Slovakia
Authors: Šotnár Karol , Pačenovský Samuel , Obuch Ján
Published: June 2015

Data on the food of the Eurasian pygmy owl in Slovakia was collected in 1999−2014 at 12 breeding locations in 7 mountain ranges of the Western Carpathian Mts and 1 range belonging to the Eastern Carpathian Mts. The basis of the evaluation of the food spectrum of prey of G. passerinum was the collection of pellets, osteological remnants and feathers from birds beneath nest cavities and roosting places of females in the months of May to July, that is, in the period of feeding young in the nest. Overall samples of food from 12 nests at elevations of 650−1,260 m a.s.l. were collected; from the largest of the three nests in the upper Nitra Region, from one nest in the Západné Tatry Mts and from three nests in the Volovské vrchy Mts. We compared these data with existing published data from Slovakia. A higher share of birds (65.0%) was found in the obtained material than mammals (34.8%). In the samples from 12 locations 10 species of mammals and 33 species of birds were found among the 377 individual prey samples. Among mammals, forest species of rodents predominated: Clethrionomys glareolus (22.8%) and Apodemus flavicollis (6.6%). The species Microtus arvalis (2.7%) was less abundant than in the stores of food from the Chocské vrchy Mts (35.4%). From the broad spectrum of songbirds, no species exceeded a presence of 7%. Species from the families Sylviidae, Turdidae, Paridae and Fringillidae were more numerous, while the species Phoenicurus phoenicurus, Motacilla alba, Carduelis cannabina, Dendrocopos minor and Passer domesticus were among the more uncommon prey. In total 582 individual prey were determined from the food remnants of G. passerinum in Slovakia (present study and other published studies). The species Clethrionomys glareolus occurred with a higher dominance than average in the pellets of G. passerinum in the mountains which border the region of the upper Nitra. In the Belianské Tatry Mts the most abundant rodent species was Terricola subterraneus, while in the mountains of eastern Slovakia the yellow-necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis was most often hunted, and of the songbirds, the coal tit Periparus ater. Among songbirds hunted near the breeding grounds of G. passerinum in the Považský Inovec Mts the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis was the most numerous. Among the most numerous songbirds which are evenly represented in all compared areas were: Regulus sp., Certhia familiaris, Poecile montanus and Cyanistes caeruleus.
The Acquisition of Target Dependence by Developing Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells
Authors: Moses Colette , Wheeler Lachlan P.G. , LeVaillant Chrisna J. , Kramer Anne , Ryan Marisa , Cozens Greg S. , Sharma Anil , Pollett Margaret A. , Rodger Jennifer , Harvey Alan R.
Published: June 2015

Similar to neurons in the peripheral nervous system, immature CNS-derived RGCs become dependent on target-derived neurotrophic support as their axons reach termination sites in the brain. To study the factors that influence this developmental transition we took advantage of the fact that rat RGCs are born, and target innervation occurs, over a protracted period of time. Early-born RGCs have axons in the SC by birth (P0), whereas axons from late-born RGCs do not innervate the SC until P4-P5. Birth dating RGCs using EdU allowed us to identify RGCs (1) with axons still growing toward targets, (2) transitioning to target dependence, and (3) entirely dependent on target-derived support. Using laser-capture microdissection we isolated ∼34,000 EdU+RGCs and analyzed transcript expression by custom qPCR array. Statistical analyses revealed a difference in gene expression profiles in actively growing RGCs compared with target-dependent RGCs, as well as in transitional versus target-dependent RGCs. Prior to innervation RGCs expressed high levels of BDNF and CNTFR α but lower levels of neurexin 1 mRNA. Analysis also revealed greater expression of transcripts for signaling molecules such as MAPK, Akt, CREB, and STAT. In a supportingin vitrostudy, purified birth-dated P1 RGCs were cultured for 24-48 h with or without BDNF; lack of BDNF resulted in significant loss of early-born but not late-born RGCs. In summary, we identified several important changes in RGC signaling that may form the basis for the switch from target independence to dependence.
From Pangaea to Partnership
Authors: Wolford Wendy
Published: June 2015

Over the past decade, the rise of what has been called the Global Land Grab suggests the return of rural development as a privileged (if problematic) site for accumulation, modernization, and growth. In this paper, I analyze a set of rural development efforts in Mozambique, a country seen by many as the potential heart of a new African food regime. I build a framework for understanding contemporary dynamics by drawing on the triple metaphor of fields: first, I build on the sociological concept of field as strategic social space; second, I bring together disparate disciplinary fields, including political economy, development, science and technology studies, and agrarian studies; and third, I situate the paper on fields as cultivated ground, the literal arena in and on which rural development takes place. The paper is narrated through four stories that illuminate the relationships and dynamics within and across different “strategic action fields.” These stories highlight the role of knowledge and power within distinct but related arenas of rural development and suggest the importance of seeing fields as in contestation even when they are not necessarily in conversation.
Usability Flaws in Medication Alerting Systems: Impact on Usage and Work System
Authors: Ammenwerth E. , Roehrer E. , Pelayo S. , Vasseur F. , Beuscart-Zéphir M.-C. , Marcilly R.
Published: June 2015

Objectives: Previous research has shown that medication alerting systems face usability issues. There has been no previous attempt to systematically explore the consequences of usability flaws in such systems on users (i.e. usage problems) and work systems (i.e. negative outcomes). This paper aims at exploring and synthesizing the consequences of usability flaws in terms of usage problems and negative outcomes on the work system.

Methods: A secondary analysis of 26 papers included in a prior systematic review of the usability flaws in medication alerting was performed. Usage problems and negative outcomes were extracted and sorted. Links between usability flaws, usage problems, and negative outcomes were also analyzed.

Results: Poor usability generates a large variety of consequences. It impacts the user from a cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and attitudinal perspective. Ultimately, usability flaws have negative consequences on the workflow, the effectiveness of the technology, the medication management process, and, more importantly, patient safety. Only few complete pathways leading from usability flaws to negative outcomes were identified.

Conclusion: Usability flaws in medication alerting systems impede users, and ultimately their work system, and negatively impact patient safety. Therefore, the usability dimension may act as a hidden explanatory variable that could explain, at least partly, the (absence of) intended outcomes of new technology.
BRAFV600E Mutation in Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy: Toward Personalized Medicine?
Authors: Gomes Carolina C. , Diniz Marina G. , de Menezes Grazielle Helena F. , Castro Wagner H. , Gomez Ricardo S.
Published: June 2015

The melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare neoplasm that primarily affects the maxilla of infants during their first year of life. Complete resection is the conventional treatment and recurrence rates vary from 10% to 60%. The recurrent tumors grow more aggressively and can invade other anatomic structures, such as the nasal cavity, the orbit, and the skull base. The aggressive behavior of MNTIs may require radical resection, which may not be possible in some cases because of its rapid and invading growth together with invasion of vital structures. In these situations, adjunct radiotherapy or chemotherapy has been used. However, as there are no conclusive data regarding the molecular profile of this tumor, currently there is no targeted therapy that may be used in the treatment of selected aggressive cases. On the basis of MNTI similarities with melanomas, such as derivation from the neural crest cells and presence of large melanin-containing cells, we hypothesized that MNTIs also may harbor the BRAFV600E oncogenic mutation. We show for the first time that this important pediatric tumor may harbor the oncogenic BRAFV600E mutation, providing the first insights to their personalized treatment.
The Use of Telemedicine to Address Access and Physician Workforce Shortages
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC WORKFORCE, Rimsza Mary Ellen , Hotaling Andrew J. , Keown Mary E. , Marcin James P. , Moskowitz William B. , Sigrest Ted D. , Simon Harold K.
Published: June 2015

This Policy Statement was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-053129.

The use of telemedicine technologies by primary care pediatricians, pediatric medical subspecialists, and pediatric surgical specialists (henceforth referred to as “pediatric physicians”) has the potential to transform the practice of pediatrics. The purpose of this policy statement is to describe the expected and potential impact that telemedicine will have on pediatric physicians’ efforts to improve access and physician workforce shortages. The policy statement also describes how the American Academy of Pediatrics can advocate for its members and their patients to best use telemedicine technologies to improve access to care, provide more patient- and family-centered care, increase efficiencies in practice, enhance the quality of care, and address projected shortages in the clinical workforce. As the use of telemedicine increases, it is likely to impact health care access, quality, and education and costs of care. Telemedicine technologies, applied to the medical home and its collaborating providers, have the potential to improve current models of care by increasing communication among clinicians, resulting in more efficient, higher quality, and less expensive care. Such a model can serve as a platform for providing more continuous care, linking primary and specialty care to support management of the needs of complex patients. In addition, telemedicine technologies can be used to efficiently provide pediatric physicians working in remote locations with ongoing medical education, increasing their ability to care for more complex patients in their community, reducing the burdens of travel on patients and families, and supporting the medical home. On the other hand, telemedicine technologies used for episodic care by nonmedical home providers have the potential to disrupt continuity of care and to create redundancy and imprudent use of health care resources. Fragmentation should be avoided, and telemedicine, like all primary and specialty services, should be coordinated through the medical home.
Prácticas musicales durante el proceso de urbanización en Bogotá (Colombia), 1900-1940
Authors: Gómez Castañeda Julio Aldemar
Published: June 2015

Durante el proceso de urbanización que vivió Bogotá en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, además de los cambios demográficos, de infraestructura o de servicios, las formas de ritualizar alrededor de la música experimentaron una serie de transformaciones. En la medida en que la ciudad fue creciendo, y los tiempos para el entretenimiento y la recreación fueron aflorando, las prácticas musicales se ajustaron a nuevas influencias, espacios, escenarios y condiciones técnicas. Algunas de ellas se renovaron, como los conciertos públicos o las retretas de la banda. Otras como los cafés y los teatros tuvieron su apogeo, y unas más, como la radio y el disco, irrumpieron en la vida de los bogotanos. En este artículo se identifica y caracteriza cada una de estas prácticas, resaltando los personajes, grupos sociales, escenarios e imaginarios que las constituyeron. Desde una perspectiva cultural, y apoyado principalmente en la prensa de la época, se muestra cómo estas formas de habitar con la música, hablan de la transformación de una sociedad local; en este caso, de los cambios que experimentó la sociedad bogotana entre 1900 y 1940.
Redes personales y capital social en una parroquia rural de la Provincia de Maracaibo (Venezuela) a fines del siglo XVIII: La Inmaculada Concepción de La Cañada (1784-1804)
Authors: Rincón Rubio Luis
Published: June 2015

En los estudios históricos, la expresión “red social” es utilizada principalmente como un concepto metafórico que implica la interconexión de diferentes individuos. Si bien este enfoque permite abordar aspectos funcionales de las redes sociales, no permite analizarlas sistemáticamente desde un punto de vista estructural. Superando el uso metafórico del concepto de red social, se adopta en esta investigación la metodología del Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS) para estudiar las redes personales tejidas durante las dos últimas décadas del siglo XVIII por los agentes sociales detentores de mayor capital social en la parroquia eclesiástica Inmaculada Concepción de La Cañada, provincia de Maracaibo de la antigua Capitanía General de Venezuela, mediante vínculos de parentesco consanguíneo y vínculos derivados de las instituciones eclesiásticas del matrimonio y el bautismo. La utilización de la metodología del ARS permitió ilustrar un enfoque todavía muy poco utilizado en la investigación histórica, y profundizar en aspectos de interés relativos a la creación de vínculos personales, la distribución del capital social y las estrategias de reproducción social puestas en práctica por los habitantes de una comunidad rural de la América Hispana.
Inicios del alcantarillado en Medellín (Colombia), 1920-1955
Authors: Álvarez Arboleda Carlos Augusto , Chicangana Bayona Yobenj Aucardo
Published: June 2015

La temprana municipalización de los servicios públicos en Medellín (Colombia) y la creación de una empresa pública que velará por la protección de los servicios básicos, permitieron que las ganancias obtenidas por esta empresa se invirtieran para mejoras de la misma ciudad. Sin embargo, esto no fue suficiente para detraer la gran contaminación de las fuentes hídricas de la ciudad por causa de la industria y del aumento de la población, entre otros, causando grandes perjuicios ambientales durante la primera mitad del siglo XX.
Guerra y Nación. La guerra civil colombiana de 1851
Authors: Jurado Jurado Juan Carlos
Published: June 2015

Las relaciones entre guerras y procesos de estructuración social ocupan un lugar importante en las ciencias sociales. Este artículo aborda la guerra civil colombiana de 1851 como escenario de construcción del Estado-nación, desde la perspectiva de sus determinantes políticos y sociales, las acciones político-militares de los partidos, las élites regionales, el clero, los sectores populares y las implicaciones de la guerra en el contexto del medio siglo XIX. Las fuentes de análisis son memorias, crónicas, correspondencia oficial y prensa.
Marco Palacios Rozo: “…la violencia pública en Colombia tiene en parte un origen: la ausencia histórica de populismo en el Estado…”
Authors: Jimenez Patiño Hernan David
Published: June 2015

Marco Palacios Rozo es abogado de la Universidad Libre de Colombia, Magister en Estudios Chinos de El Colegio de México y en 1978 se graduó como  PhD en Historia por la Universidad de Oxford (Reino Unido). En Colombia, fue rector de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia en dos ocasiones (1984-1988 y 2003-2005), Director del Instituto Colombiano para el Fomento de la Educación Superior ICFES (1989-1990), profesor de la Facultad de Administración de la Universidad de los Andes  (desde 2005), y  recientemente hizo parte de la Misión Estudios Competitividad Caficultura en Colombia designado por Juan Manuel Santos, Presidente de la República. En México, entre 1978 y 1982, fue profesor investigador del Centro de Estudios Internacionales de El Colegio de México, donde se encuentra adscrito al Centro de Estudios Históricos de la misma institución desde 1994. Otra experiencia del profesor Palacios Rozo es haber sido profesor visitante en Tsukuba University (Japón), Chicago University y Duke University (Estados Unidos), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (España) e investigador visitante del Instituto de Estudios Latinoamericanos de la Universidad de Londres (Reino Unido).
Bandolerismo rural en el Bajo Cauca, Magdalena Medio y el Nordeste antioqueño (Colombia), 1953-1958
Authors: Henao Holguín Diana
Published: June 2015

Este artículo busca contribuir a la discusión sobre el fenómeno del bandolerismo rural desde una perspectiva regional. Explora las zonas del Bajo Cauca, Magdalena Medio y Nordeste antioqueños en Colombia entre 1953 y 1958. En dichos años, el bandolero aparece en el escenario regional tras la descomposición de las guerrillas liberales de la primera fase de La Violencia (1949-1953). Así, adquiere características que difieren del modelo planteado por Eric Hobsbawm, quien propone el concepto bandolerismo social para el análisis de este fenómeno. El artículo evidencia que el análisis contextual permite observar las particularidades del fenómeno y comprender mejor su naturaleza, ya que éstos  poseen diversos perfiles que escapan a las explicaciones de tipo general. 

 
Determination of nilotinib in spiked plasma, urine, and capsules by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection
Authors: Yilmaz E.M. , Aydoğmuş Z. , Aboul-Enein H.Y.
Published: June 2015

A precise and sensitive reversed phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the determination of nilotinib (NTB) in spiked plasma, urine, and pharmaceutical capsule formulation. The method was based on derivatization NTB with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl) in the borax buffer (pH 9). The method employs an isocratic elution using acetonitrile and 10 mM orthophosphoric acid (40:60 v/v) as a mobile phase and an C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm, Waters Symmetry), with a fluorescence detector (λex: 447 nm, λem: 530 nm). The method validation was performed with respect to linearity, recovery, accuracy, precision, and stability. The linear ranges were 100–600 ng mL−1 in standard solution, plasma, and urine. Correlation coefficients (r2) were higher than 0.9997 for all of the analytes, indicating good linear relationship. The percentage recovery was 87.89% for plasma, 95.35% for urine, and 96.07% for capsules.
An Assessment of 30-Day Complications in Primary Cleft Palate Repair: A Review of the 2012 ACS NSQIP Pediatric
Authors: Paine Kaitlyn M. , Paliga J. Thomas , Tahiri Youssef , Fischer John P. , Wes Ari M. , Wink Jason D. , Gelder Carol Ann H. , Taylor Jesse A.
Published: June 2015

Objective

This study uses the American College of Surgeons Pediatric National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP Pediatric), a multicenter database, to identify risk factors for complications after cleft palate repair.

Design

Patients undergoing Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes 42200 and 42205 were extracted from the 2012 ACS NSQIP Pediatric. Patients older than 36 months or those who had undergone an additional surgery that altered the risk were excluded. Outcome variables were combined to create a complication variable. Fisher's exact, Pearson chi-square, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used for analysis.

Results

Eligibility criteria were met by 751 patients. Of these, 192 (25.6%) had unilateral clefts, 146 (19.4%) bilateral, and 413 (55.0%) were unspecified. The average age at time of surgery for those without and with complications was 421.1 ± 184.8 and 433.6 ± 168.0 days, respectively ( P = .76). Of the 21 (2.8%) patients with complications, respiratory complications were the most common. Risk factors associated with complications included American Society of Anesthesiologists classification of 3 ( P = .003), nutritional support ( P = .013), esophageal/gastric/intestinal disease ( P = .016), oxygen support ( P = .003), structural pulmonary/airway abnormality ( P = .011), and impaired cognitive status ( P = .009). Patients undergoing concurrent laryngoscopy ( P = .048) or other surgeries ( P = .047) were also found to be associated with increased complications. The 30-day fistula rate was 0.5%, and the readmission rate was 1.9%.

Conclusion

Perioperative complications for primary palatoplasty were 2.8% according to the ACS NSQIP Pediatric. Preoperative patient-related factors as well as concurrent surgeries may affect 30-day complication rates. These results help target those at greater risk for complications and allow for appropriate interventions to mitigate risks.
Editorial Board and Staff
Authors: Bass Jordan
Published: June 2015

Full list of Issue One Editorial Board and Staff
Foreword to the Issue
Authors: Zeigler Earle F.
Published: June 2015

Earle F. Zeigler, Ph.D., D. Sc., LL.D. retired from the University of Western Ontario in 1989. Additionally, he is a past president of the International Association for the Philosophy of Sport, honorary past president of the North American Society for Sport Management, and was president of American Academy of Kinesiology and Physical Education. Since 1948, Zeigler has published over 50 books and monographs and 430 articles in five sub-disciplinary and sub-professional areas within the fields of philosophy, history, management theory and practice, comparative and international aspects, and professional preparation. He is also the namesake for the prestigious Earle F. Zeigler Lecture Award given yearly by the North American Society for Sport Management.
Our Boys and The Last Shot: Examples of the Power of Community Involvement in Underprivileged America
Authors: Schaeperkoetter Claire C.
Published: June 2015

The central focus of this essay was to examine different socio-cultural structures that affect high school aged athletes in seemingly different impoverished areas in the United States. Specifically, narratives in the popular press books The Last Shot and Our Boys were explored in order to highlight similarities and differences between the high school athletes in these two different urban and rural environments. In all, four factors that showcase the power of community involvement in underprivileged America emerged: the values promoted by the high school coach, the socioeconomic status of the community, the public education system, and the battle between the desire to escape the community and fear of the unknown. The implications of community involvement are discussed and avenues for future research are presented.
Por que é que hei de apaixonar-me por um duende, quando também não sou nenhum ogre? As implicações dos avatars virtuais na comunicação digital
Authors: Sengün Sercan
Published: June 2015

Diversos estudos recentes sobre avatars online abordam a sua autenticidade em termos da representação das pessoas que os gerem. Supostamente, os utilizadores construirão uma presença melhorada ou idealizada de si mesmos online, sem compreenderem, no entanto, que os outros fazem o mesmo ao procurarem informações de outros utilizadores através dos seus avatars. Este fenómeno torna-se ainda mais curioso no seio dos espaços dos jogos de vídeo online, uma vez que já se espera que os avatars dos jogos de vídeo não estejam relacionados com os seus jogadores, mas ainda são vistos como fontes de informação acerca dos mesmos. Este estudo aborda a problemática da comunicação e procura explicar o processo recorrendo à Teoria de Redução da Incerteza, de Berger (TRI). Agregando a TRI com diversas outras abordagens não verbais e visuais da comunicação, discute-se de que modo os avatars dos jogos de vídeo – aparentemente não relacionados ou arbitrariamente relacionados com os seus utilizadores – se transformam em fontes de informações acerca dos mesmos. Adicionalmente, de modo a elaborar ainda mais o processo, também se analisa a relação entre o próprio e os avatars. Para criar esta associação, aprofundaram-se as teorias semióticas de Saussure e Lacan e propôs-se uma nova abordagem. O processo de significação de Saussure e as cadeias de significação de Lacan foram adaptados aos avatars digitais, de modo a definir um ciclo repetitivo de retorno contínuo entre os avatars do jogo de vídeo e o próprio.
A experiência espacial dos games e outros medias: notas a partir de um modelo teórico analítico das representações do espaço
Authors: Fragoso Suely
Published: June 2015

O artigo aborda a experiência espacial dos games, relacionando-a à de outros produtos mediáticos. Uma breve revisão de alguns clássicos da literatura sobre o tema encaminha uma discussão das experiências espaciais da literatura, desenho, fotografia, cinema e televisão. Uma estrutura teórica composta por três ‘tipos de espaço’ é utilizada para analisar uma situação hipotética e simplificada de jogo. Conclui-se que a experiência espacial dos games é uma composição dinâmica que atravessa diferentes níveis de materialidade e significação. A viabilidade dessa prática interpretativa advém, entre outros fatores, da capacidade ficcional, uma construção cultural, desenvolvida ao longo de séculos de interação com as representações mediáticas.
Spatial patterns reveal strong abiotic and biotic drivers of zooplankton community composition in Lake Mývatn, Iceland
Authors: Bartrons Mireia , Einarsson Árni , Nobre Regina L. G. , Herren Cristina M. , Webert Kyle C. , Brucet Sandra , Ólafsdóttir Sólveig R. , Ives Anthony R.
Published: June 2015

Spatial patterns in the abundance of species are determined by local abiotic and biotic conditions, and by the movement of individuals among localities. For species distributed among discrete habitat “islands”, such as zooplankton distributed among lakes, local conditions within lakes often dominate low movement rates among lakes to determine the composition of communities. Here, we ask whether the same abiotic and biotic environmental conditions can generate spatial patterns in the distribution of zooplankton within a lake where there are high horizontal movement rates. We conducted three spatial surveys of zooplankton communities in Lake Mývatn, Iceland, a moderately sized (37 km2) shallow lake with a high outflow rate. The pelagic zooplankton community showed strong spatial structure (spatial autocorrelation), with species composition varying with spatial variation in chlorophyll‐a, the abundance of Anabaena (cyanobacteria), lake depth, light extinction coefficient, and temperature. These factors are known from other studies to be strong drivers of among‐lake variation in freshwater zooplankton communities. However, in contrast with among‐lake studies, fish (stickleback) abundance had no measureable effect on the abundance or species composition of the zooplankton community, although high local stickleback abundance was associated with low zooplankton:phytoplankton biomass ratios. Finally, a parallel study of the underlying benthic crustacean community showed much finer spatial variation (spatial autocorrelation to a range ≤0.6 km vs. 9 km for pelagic zooplankton), suggesting that the stationary character of the benthos allows finer grained spatial patterns. Given the high flow rate of water in Mývatn (>200 m/d), the generation of spatial patterns suggests very strong effects of variation in abiotic and biotic environmental conditions on the population dynamics of zooplankton in the lake.
Reduction of start-up time through bioaugmentation process in microbial fuel cells using an isolate from dark fermentative spent media fed anode
Authors: Pandit Soumya , Khilari Santimoy , Roy Shantonu , Ghangrekar M. M. , Pradhan Debabrata , Das Debabrata
Published: June 2015

An electrochemically active bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa IIT BT SS1 was isolated from a dark fermentative spent media fed anode, and a bioaugmentation technique using the isolated strain was used to improve the start-up time of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Higher volumetric current density and lower start-up time were observed with the augmented system MFC-PM (13.7 A/m3) when compared with mixed culture MFC-M (8.72 A/m3) during the initial phase. This enhanced performance in MFC-PM was possibly due to the improvement in electron transfer ability by the augmented strain. However, pure culture MFC-P showed maximum volumetric current density (17 A/m3) due to the inherent electrogenic properties of Pseudomonas sp. An electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) study, along with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis, supported the influence of isolated species in improving the MFC performance. The present study indicates that the bioaugmentation strategy using the isolated Pseudomonas sp. can be effectively utilized to decrease the start-up time of MFC.
Influence of denitrification reactor retention time distribution (RTD) on dissolved oxygen control and nitrogen removal efficiency
Authors: Raboni Massimo , Gavasci Renato , Viotti Paolo
Published: June 2015

Low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) are usually found in biological anoxic pre-denitrification reactors, causing a reduction in nitrogen removal efficiency. Therefore, the reduction of DO in such reactors is fundamental for achieving good nutrient removal. The article shows the results of an experimental study carried out to evaluate the effect of the anoxic reactor hydrodynamic model on both residual DO concentration and nitrogen removal efficiency. In particular, two hydrodynamic models were considered: the single completely mixed reactor and a series of four reactors that resemble plug-flow behaviour. The latter prove to be more effective in oxygen consumption, allowing a lower residual DO concentration than the former. The series of reactors also achieves better specific denitrification rates and higher denitrification efficiency. Moreover, the denitrification food to microrganism (F:M) ratio (F:MDEN) demonstrates a relevant synergic action in both controlling residual DO and improving the denitrification performance.