bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women's Rights and Global Socialism: Gendering Socialist Internationalism during the Cold War
Authors: Donert Celia
Published: March 2022

This Special Issue explores the complicated relationship between women's rights and global socialism during the Cold War. This Introduction describes how the articles deal with this relationship in three, partly overlapping, periods. The first set of articles looks at how the ethos of the Popular Front resonated among women's movements in Asia, Latin America, and Europe, and examines the connections between interwar anti-fascist and anti-imperialist feminisms and those that re-emerged after World War II. The second set of articles focuses on the role and development of the Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF) and its model of internationalism in Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union, and China in the early Cold War. The final articles centre on the challenges faced by the WIDF from the 1960s, exploring issues such as the anti-apartheid struggles in South Africa, the Portuguese wars of decolonization, and the United Nations Decade for Women (1976–1985). Together with this process of decolonization, this Special Issue also examines how the consequences of postsocialism, in particular for women's rights (the loss of social rights, material security, and substantial challenges to reproductive freedoms), have triggered renewed debates about the history and legacies of communist women's liberation movements in the former socialist world.
Indigenous Nations and the Development of the U.S. Economy: Land, Resources, and Dispossession
Authors: Carlos Ann M. , Feir Donna L. , Redish Angela
Published: March 2022

Abundant land and strong property rights are conventionally viewed as key factors underpinning U.S. economic development success. This view relies on the “Pristine Myth” of an empty undeveloped land, but the abundant land of North America was already made productive and was the recognized territory of sovereign Indigenous Nations. We demonstrate that the development of strong property rights for European/American settlers was mirrored by the attenuation and increasing disregard of Indigenous property rights. We argue that the dearth of discussion of the dispossession of Indigenous nations results in a misunderstanding of some of the core themes of U.S. economic history.
High diversity of trematode metacercariae that parasitize freshwater gastropods in Bangkok, Thailand, and their infective situations, morphologies and phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Wiroonpan Pichit , Chontananarth Thapana , Chai Jong-Yil , Purivirojkul Watchariya
Published: March 2022

We investigated diversity, infective situations, morphological features and phylogenetic relationships of the metacercariae in freshwater snails from Bangkok between March 2018 and February 2020. Crushing and dissection techniques were performed to explore the metacercariae in the snail hosts. Polymerase chain reaction was implemented to amplify the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), 5.8S ribosomal DNA and ITS2 regions of metacercarial DNA. A total of 3173 of all 21 707 snails showed infections with metacercariae, representing a relatively high infective prevalence (14.62%) compared to earlier research. All infected snails belonged to 14 species/subspecies. A group of viviparid snails exhibited the highest metacercarial infections (26.10–82.18%). We found metacercariae with seven morphological groups. Five of them can be stated as new records of the metacercariae in Thailand, indicating a broader spectrum of larval trematode diversity. Our phylogenetic assessments established that five of the seven morphological groups can be molecularly classified into different taxonomic levels of digenean trematodes. Echinostome A metacercariae revealed the highest infective prevalence (7.15%), and their sequence data were conspecific with a sequence of Echinostoma mekongki, which is a human intestinal fluke; this finding denotes the distribution and suggests epidemiological surveillance of this medically important fluke in Bangkok and adjacent areas. However, two groups of Opisthorchiata-like and renicolid metacercariae remain unclear as to their narrow taxonomic status, although their molecular properties were considered. For more understanding about trematode transmissions in ecosystems, both physical and biological factors may be further analysed to consider the factors that relate to and contribute to trematode infections.
Processing syntactic and semantic information in the L2: Evidence for differential cue-weighting in the L1 and L2
Authors: Deniz Nazik Dinçtopal
Published: March 2022

This study investigated how second language speakers use syntactic and semantic cues in processing complex sentences. Turkish speakers of English, native speakers of English and native speakers of Turkish participated in a self-paced reading experiment, a read-aloud task and a pen-and-paper questionnaire in their relevant languages. The participants’ working memory capacity was also measured. The results supported the primacy of syntax view for native speakers of Turkish and English (Frazier & Fodor, 1978). Both groups of native speakers primarily used syntactic cues in their on-line decisions; semantic information influenced later decisions only. The second language speakers, however, used semantic cues in both their initial and later decisions, with evidence for accessing complex syntactic representations. The results are taken to support the view that native and non-native speakers weight linguistic cues differentially (Cunnings, 2017). The potential reasons for differential cue-retrieval in the first and second language are discussed.
Effects of Hot Protons on the Pitch Angle Scattering of Ring Current Protons by EMIC Waves
Authors: Zhu Qi , Cao Xing , Ni Binbin , Gu Xudong , Ma Xin
Published: March 2022

Via cyclotron resonant interactions, electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves play an important role in the loss of ring current protons. In this study, by calculating the proton bounce‐averaged pitch angle diffusion coefficients using both the cold and hot plasma dispersion relations, we investigate the effects of hot protons on the EMIC wave‐induced scattering loss of ring current protons. Our results show that, for H+ band (He+ band) EMIC waves, inclusion of hot protons results in significant decrease of pitch angle diffusion coefficients of ∼10–60 keV (4–30 keV) protons, while the scattering efficiency of higher energy protons increases at low pitch angles and decreases at relatively high pitch angles. We also find that the cold plasma approximation seriously underestimates the loss timescales of protons at energies from a few keV to tens of keV but overestimate that of higher energy protons. The differences in proton loss timescales caused by hot protons are generally less than a factor of ∼5 for H+ band but can exceed an order of magnitude for He+ band, showing a strong dependence on the hot proton concentration and temperature anisotropy and L‐shell. This study confirms that effects of hot protons play a crucial role in the EMIC wave driven loss of ring current protons and should be included in future modeling of ring current dynamics.
The Potential of 233U/236U as a Water Mass Tracer in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Chamizo E. , Christl M. , López‐Lora M. , Casacuberta N. , Wefing A.‐M. , Kenna T. C.
Published: March 2022

This study explores for the first time the possibilities that the 233U/236U atom ratio offers to distinguish waters of Atlantic or Pacific origin in the Arctic Ocean. Atlantic waters entering the Arctic Ocean often carry an isotopic signature dominantly originating from European reprocessing facilities with some smaller contribution from global fallout nuclides, whereas northern Pacific waters are labeled with nuclides released during the atmospheric nuclear testing period only. In the Arctic Ocean, 233U originates from global fallout while 236U carries both, a global fallout and a prominent nuclear reprocessing signal. Thus, the 233U/236U ratio provides a tool to identify water masses with distinct U sources. In this work, 233U and 236U were analyzed in samples from the GN01 GEOTRACES expedition to the western Arctic Ocean in 2015. The study of depth profiles and surface seawater samples shows that: (a) Pacific and Atlantic waters show enhanced signals of both radionuclides, which can be unraveled based on their 233U/236U signature; and (b) Deep and Bottom Waters show extremely low 233U and 236U concentrations close to or below analytical detection limits with isotopic ratios distinct from known anthropogenic U sources. The comparably high 233U/236U ratios are interpreted as a relative increase of naturally occurring 233U and 236U and thus for gradually reaching natural 233U/236U levels in the deep Arctic Ocean. Our results set the basis for future studies using the 233U/236U ratio to distinguish anthropogenic and pre‐anthropogenic U in the Arctic Ocean and beyond.
Machine‐Learned HASDM Thermospheric Mass Density Model With Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Licata Richard J. , Mehta Piyush M. , Tobiska W. Kent , Huzurbazar S.
Published: March 2022

A thermospheric neutral mass density model with robust and reliable uncertainty estimates is developed based on the Space Environment Technologies (SET) High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM) density database. This database, created by SET, contains 20 years of outputs from the U.S. Space Force's HASDM, which currently represents the state of the art for density and drag modeling. We utilize principal component analysis for dimensionality reduction, which creates the coefficients upon which nonlinear machine‐learned (ML) regression models are trained. These models use three unique loss functions: Mean square error (MSE), negative logarithm of predictive density (NLPD), and continuous ranked probability score. Three input sets are also tested, showing improved performance when introducing time histories for geomagnetic indices. These models leverage Monte Carlo dropout to provide uncertainty estimates, and the use of the NLPD loss function results in well‐calibrated uncertainty estimates while only increasing error by 0.25% (<10% mean absolute error) relative to MSE. By comparing the best HASDM‐ML model to the HASDM database along satellite orbits, we found that the model provides robust and reliable density uncertainties over diverse space weather conditions. A storm‐time comparison shows that HASDM‐ML also supplies meaningful uncertainty estimates during extreme geomagnetic events.
Low Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Dioxide at High Pressure: Implications for Icy Planetary Interiors
Authors: Shieh Sean R. , Hsieh Wen‐Pin , Tsao Yi‐Chih , Crisostomo Christian , Hsu Han
Published: March 2022

Carbon dioxide is commonly found in terrestrial planets and its thermal property is relevant to the dynamics and evolution of those terrestrial planets. In this work, we combine time‐domain thermoreflectance measurements and first‐principles calculations to determine the thermal conductivity of CO2 up to 70 GPa at room temperature. Our results show that the thermal conductivity of liquid CO2 is ∼0.22 W m−1 K−1 at 0.3–0.5 GPa and increases to ∼0.28 W m−1 K−1 when the liquid CO2 transforms into molecular solid phase I (dry ice). Upon further compression, the mean value of thermal conductivity of phase I increases to 1.4–2.1 W m−1 K−1 at ∼10 GPa and then slightly drops across the phase I‐III boundary. Phase III exhibits a gentle increase of thermal conductivity with pressure and reaches to a maximum value of ∼4 W m−1 K−1 at ∼45 GPa, but shows an abrupt drop when transforming into a non‐molecular amorphous solid. The pressure evolution of CO2 thermal conductivity across different phases may have significant implications for the heat flow and temperature distribution in the interiors of planets and moons containing CO2.
A count-based decision method for target blood pressure achievement in home blood pressure monitoring data interpretation for clinical practices
Authors: Shin Jinho , Lee Yonggu , Ihm Sang-Hyun , Shin Jeong-Hun , Kim Hyun-Jin , Kim Byung-Sik , Park Hwan-Cheol , Lim Young-Hyo , Park Jin-Kyu , Heo Ran , Kim Woo-Hyun
Published: March 2022

Home blood pressure (HBP) is useful to decide whether blood pressure (BP) is controlled. However, applying HBP to daily clinical practices is still challenging without easy access to the average HBP. Therefore, we developed a simple method to make a quick decision regarding the controlledness of HBP through high BP counts. We simulated 100 cases of HBP series for each combination of 3 numbers of BP readings (K = 16, 20, 24) and 4 levels of the standard deviations (SDs = 5, 10, 15, 20). A high BP was defined as an individual BP ≥ 135/85 mmHg, and an uncontrolled HBP was defined as a mean HBP ≥ 135/85 mmHg. Validation for the decision method was conducted using actual HBP data. The C-statistics and the accuracy of the high BP counts for the uncontrolled HBP were generally high (> 0.85) for all combinations of Ks and SDs and decreased as SDs increased but remained steady as Ks increased. In validation, the C-statistic of the high BP count-to-total BP reading (C/T) ratio was 0.985, and the C/T ratio ≥ 0.5 showed a sensitivity of 0.957, a specificity of 0.907, and an accuracy of 0.927. The count-based decision method can provide an accurate quick assessment of the controlledness of HBP.
An enhanced two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) C–H diamond with positive surface charge model for advanced normally-off MOSFET devices
Authors: Alhasani Reem , Yabe Taichi , Iyama Yutaro , Oi Nobutaka , Imanishi Shoichiro , Nguyen Quang Ngoc , Kawarada Hiroshi
Published: March 2022

Though the complementary power field effect transistors (FETs), e.g., metal–oxide–semiconductor-FETs (MOSFETs) based on wide bandgap materials, enable low switching losses and on-resistance, p-channel FETs are not feasible in any wide bandgap material other than diamond. In this paper, we propose the first work to investigate the impact of fixed positive surface charge density on achieving normally-off and controlling threshold voltage operation obtained on p-channel two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) hydrogen-terminated (C-H) diamond FET using nitrogen doping in the diamond substrate. In general, a p-channel diamond MOSFET demonstrates the normally-on operation, but the normally-off operation is also a critical requirement of the feasible electronic power devices in terms of safety operation. The characteristics of the C–H diamond MOSFET have been analyzed with the two demonstrated charge sheet models using the two-dimensional Silvaco Atlas TCAD. It shows that the fixed-Fermi level in the bulk diamond is 1.7 eV (donor level) from the conduction band minimum.  However, the upward band bending has been obtained at Al2O3/SiO2/C-H diamond interface indicating the presence of inversion layer without gate voltage. The fixed negative charge model exhibits a strong inversion layer for normally-on FET operation, while the fixed positive charge model shows a weak inversion for normally-off operation.  The maximum current density of a fixed positive interface charge model of the Al2O3/C-H diamond device is − 290 mA/mm, which corresponds to that of expermental result of Al2O3/SiO2/C-H diamond − 305 mA/mm at a gate-source voltage of − 40 V. Also, the threshold voltage Vth is relatively high at Vth = − 3.5 V, i.e., the positive charge model can reproduce the normally-off operation. Moreover, we also demonstrate that the Vth and transconductance gm  correspond to those of the experimental work.
Usefulness of presepsin for the early detection of infectious complications after elective colorectal surgery, compared with C-reactive protein and procalcitonin
Authors: Amanai Erika , Nakai Kishiko , Saito Junichi , Hashiba Eiji , Miura Takuya , Morohashi Hajime , Sakamoto Yoshiyuki , Mikami Akio , Hakamada Kenichi , Hirota Kazuyoshi
Published: March 2022

Infectious complications remain a major clinical problem in colorectal surgery. Presepsin has been reported to be a useful marker to diagnose sepsis, similar or superior to procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of presepsin in the early detection of infectious complications after elective colorectal surgery, compared with CRP and PCT. This study was a prospective observational study. Patients of age > 18 who underwent elective colon resections were enrolled. Blood samples were collected just before surgery and on postoperative day (POD) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 to measure plasma levels of biomarkers. We evaluated the association between circulating biomarkers and infections. A total of 114 patients were examined, and 27 patients (23.7%) developed infectious complications. CRP and PCT markedly increased from POD 1 to POD 3 and then gradually decreased toward POD 6 in both groups, but the trends of the decrease in the infected group were blunt, compared with those in the non-infected group. On the other hand, presepsin did not show major changes just after surgery, but it increased on POD 4 and POD 6, when the complications occurred. Monitoring the presepsin trends after colorectal surgeries could be helpful to detect postoperative infectious complications.

Trial registration: UMIN000025313. Registered on 17 December 2016.
Altered small-world property of a dynamic metabolic network in murine left hippocampus after exposure to acute stress
Authors: Lee Min-Hee , Hwang Yoon Ho , Yun Chang-Soo , Han Bong Soo , Kim Dong Youn
Published: March 2022

The acute stress response is a natural and fundamental reaction that balances the physiological conditions of the brain. To maintain homeostasis in the brain, the response is based on changes over time in hormones and neurotransmitters, which are related to resilience and can adapt successfully to acute stress. This increases the need for dynamic analysis over time, and new approaches to examine the relationship between metabolites have emerged. This study investigates whether the constructed metabolic network is a realistic or a random network and is affected by acute stress. While the metabolic network in the control group met the criteria for small-worldness at all time points, the metabolic network in the stress group did not at some time points, and the small-worldness had resilience after the fifth time point. The backbone metabolic network only met the criteria for small-worldness in the control group. Additionally, creatine had lower local efficiency in the stress group than the control group, and for the backbone metabolic network, creatine and glutamate were lower and higher in the stress group than the control group, respectively. These findings provide evidence of metabolic imbalance that may be a pre-stage of alterations to brain structure due to acute stress.
Investigating the mechanism underlying urinary continence using dynamic MRI after Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Kadono Yoshifumi , Nohara Takahiro , Kawaguchi Shohei , Kadomoto Suguru , Iwamoto Hiroaki , Iijima Masashi , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Izumi Kouji , Yoshida Kotaro , Gabata Toshifumi , Mizokami Atsushi
Published: March 2022

Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RS-RARP) exhibits better postoperative urinary continence than conventional RARP (C-RARP) via the anterior approach. However, the reasons behind this are unknown. Herein, early postoperative urinary incontinence and anatomical differences of 51 propensity score-matched C-RARP and RS-RARP cases were compared. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed before and after surgery to examine the pelvic anatomical changes under abdominal pressure. The median urine loss ratios in the early postoperative period after C-RARP and RS-RARP were 11.0% and 1.0%, respectively. Postoperative MRI revealed that the anterior bladder wall was fixed in a higher position after RS-RARP compared with its position after C-RARP. Dynamic MRI after C-RARP showed that cephalocaudal compression of the bladder while applying abdominal pressure caused the membranous urethra to expand and the urine to flow out. After RS-RARP, the rectum moved forward during abdominal pressure, and the membranous urethra was compressed by closure from behind. This is the first study using dynamic MRI to reveal the importance of high attachment of the anterior bladder wall for the urethral closure mechanism during abdominal pressure. RS-RARP, which can completely preserve this mechanism, is less likely to cause stress urinary incontinence compared with C-RARP.
High-throughput exploration of halide perovskite compositionally-graded films and degradation mechanisms
Authors: Moradi Shahram , Kundu Soumya , Rezazadeh Milad , Yeddu Vishal , Voznyy Oleksandr , Saidaminov Makhsud I.
Published: March 2022

The conventional approach to search for new materials is to synthesize a limited number of candidates. However, this approach might delay or prevent the discovery of better-performing materials due to the narrow composition space explored. Here, we fabricate binary alloy films with a composition gradient in a single shot in less than one minute. We apply this approach to study the stability of halide perovskites. We synthesize all possible binary compositions from MAPbI3 and MAPbBr3 and then study their optical properties, structure, and environmental stability in a high-throughput manner. We find that perovskite alloys experience three different degradation mechanisms depending on halogen content: bromine-rich perovskites degrade by hydration, iodine-rich perovskites by the loss of the organic component, and all other intermediate alloys by phase segregation. The proposed method offers an avenue for discovering new materials and processing parameters for a wide range of applications that rely on compositional engineering.
Relocating croplands could drastically reduce the environmental impacts of global food production
Authors: Beyer Robert M. , Hua Fangyuan , Martin Philip A. , Manica Andrea , Rademacher Tim
Published: March 2022

Agricultural production has replaced natural ecosystems across the planet, becoming a major driver of carbon emissions, biodiversity loss, and freshwater consumption. Here we combined global crop yield and environmental data in a ~1-million-dimensional mathematical optimisation framework to determine how optimising the spatial distribution of global croplands could reduce environmental impacts whilst maintaining current crop production levels. We estimate that relocating current croplands to optimal locations, whilst allowing ecosystems in then-abandoned areas to regenerate, could simultaneously decrease the current carbon, biodiversity, and irrigation water footprint of global crop production by 71%, 87%, and 100%, respectively, assuming high-input farming on newly established sites. The optimal global distribution of crops is largely similar for current and end-of-century climatic conditions across emission scenarios. Substantial impact reductions could already be achieved by relocating only a small proportion of worldwide crop production, relocating croplands only within national borders, and assuming less intensive farming systems.
Relationship between bacterial phylotype and specialized metabolite production in the culturable microbiome of two freshwater sponges
Authors: Clark Chase M , Hernandez Antonio , Mullowney Michael W , Fitz-Henley Jhewelle , Li Emma , Romanowski Sean B , Pronzato Roberto , Manconi Renata , Sanchez Laura M , Murphy Brian T
Published: March 2022

Microbial drug discovery programs rely heavily on accessing bacterial diversity from the environment to acquire new specialized metabolite (SM) lead compounds for the therapeutic pipeline. Therefore, knowledge of how commonly culturable bacterial taxa are distributed in nature, in addition to the degree of variation of SM production within those taxa, is critical to informing these front-end discovery efforts and making the overall sample collection and bacterial library creation process more efficient. In the current study, we employed MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and the bioinformatics pipeline IDBac to analyze diversity within phylotype groupings and SM profiles of hundreds of bacterial isolates from two Eunapius fragilis freshwater sponges, collected 1.5 km apart. We demonstrated that within two sponge samples of the same species, the culturable bacterial populations contained significant overlap in approximate genus-level phylotypes but mostly nonoverlapping populations of isolates when grouped lower than the level of genus. Further, correlations between bacterial phylotype and SM production varied at the species level and below, suggesting SM distribution within bacterial taxa must be analyzed on a case-by-case basis. Our results suggest that two E. fragilis freshwater sponges collected in similar environments can exhibit large culturable diversity on a species-level scale, thus researchers should scrutinize the isolates with analyses that take both phylogeny and SM production into account to optimize the chemical space entering into a downstream bacterial library.
Site and length dependent quantum interference and resonance in the electron transport of armchair carbon nanotube molecular junctions
Authors: Cao Ning , Hao Hua , Zheng Xiaohong , Zhang Lei , Zeng Zhi
Published: March 2022

Different from graphene molecules/nanoribbons, armchair carbon nanotubes present oscillatory and site/length dependent quantum interference and resonance due to topology differences.
Decarboxylative oxygenation of carboxylic acids with O2via a non-heme manganese catalyst
Authors: Guan Renpeng , Bennett Elliot L. , Huang Zhiliang , Xiao Jianliang
Published: March 2022

Reported here is a new protocol for the decarboxylative oxygenation of carboxylic acids using a non-heme manganese catalyst under blue light irradiation with O2 as the sole oxidant.
The fabrication of a highly conductive ceria-embedded gadolinium-stabilized bismuth oxide nanocomposite solid electrolyte for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Parbin Abjana , Rafiuddin
Published: March 2022

We report the synthesis of a nanocomposite solid electrolyte, (1 −x)Bi2O3–Gd2O3:xCeO2(GDBC), made up of ceria-embedded gadolinium-stabilized bismuth oxide (Bi2O3–Gd2O3, GDB) for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFC) applications.
Potential therapeutic targets from Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab): recently reported efforts towards the discovery of novel antibacterial agents to treat Mab infections
Authors: Addison William , Frederickson Martyn , Coyne Anthony G. , Abell Chris
Published: March 2022

Recently reported inhibitors developed against targets from Mycobacterium absecessus (Mab).
Inclusion complexation and self-association of cucurbit[n]uril (n = 6, 7) and diquat under pseudo-physiological conditions
Authors: Tsutsumi Hiroyuki , Ohata Tomonori , Nakashima Rie , Ikeda Hirohito
Published: March 2022

The formation and steric structure of the inclusion complex of cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]; n = 6, 7) and diquat (DQ) were investigated through NMR measurements under the pH conditions of human pseudo-gastric or body fluids, in physiological saline.
Electrochemical approach for recognition and quantification ofp-phenylenediamine: a review
Authors: Singh Manorama , Bhardiya Smita R. , Rai Ankita , Rai Vijai K.
Published: March 2022

This is the first review that discusses the sources and toxic effects, and makes a comparison of conventional and electrochemical methods for the determination and quantification ofp-PDA in analytical samples.
Stiffening colloidal gels by solid inclusions
Authors: Ferreiro-Córdova Claudia , Foffi Giuseppe , Pitois Olivier , Guidolin Chiara , Schneider Maxime , Salonen Anniina
Published: March 2022

The elastic properties of a soft matter material can be greatly altered by the presence of solid inclusions whose microscopic properties, such as their size and interactions, can have a dramatic effect.
Heterometallic uranium/molybdenum nitride synthesis via partial N-atom transfer
Authors: Barluzzi Luciano , Jori Nadir , He Tianyi , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , Scopelliti Rosario , Maron Laurent , Oyala Paul , Agapie Theodor , Mazzanti Marinella
Published: March 2022

Reaction of a Mo(ii) terminal nitride with U(iii) generates the first example of a transition metal capped uranium nitride. The nitride is triply bonded to U(v) and singly bonded to Mo(0) with a U–Mo interaction and reacts with CO to yield cyanate.
The fluctuating standard potential of lithium in organic solvents
Authors: Zhang Bohai , Jia Yunzhe , Zhou Yuhao , Ye Shihai , Yan Tianying , Gao Xue-Ping
Published: March 2022

The standard potential of a lithium metal electrode can fluctuate by over 0.5 V in different organic solvents, and is correlated to the modified donor number by the entropy of fusion of the solvents.
Effect of chalcogen bonding on the packing and coordination geometry in hybrid organic–inorganic Cu(ii) networks
Authors: Parisi Emmanuele , Carella Antonio , Borbone Fabio , Chiarella Fabio , Gentile Francesco Silvio , Centore Roberto
Published: March 2022

The effect of chalcogen bonding interaction led to the interesting crystal packing and coordination geometry of copper(ii) in novel organic–inorganic hybrids.
Straightforward synthesis of biologically valuable nonsymmetrical malonamides under mild conditions
Authors: Zhang Zhiguo , Cao Xiyang , Wang Gang , Zhang Guisheng , Zhang Xingjie
Published: March 2022

A flexible method is developed for the synthesis of nonsymmetrical malonamides from isocyanates and β-ketoamides. The high efficiency and practicability enabled rapid entry to diverse precursors of malonamides pharmaceuticals.
Correction: Interlayer exciton emission in a MoS2/VOPc inorganic/organic van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Kong Yuhan , Obaidulla Sk Md , Habib Mohammad Rezwan , Wang Zukun , Wang Rong , Khan Yahya , Zhu Haiming , Xu Mingsheng , Yang Deren
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘Interlayer exciton emission in a MoS2/VOPc inorganic/organic van der Waals heterostructure’ by Yuhan Kong et al., Mater. Horiz., 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01622a.
Handedness inversion of the self-assemblies of lipotetrapeptides regulated by the shift of the methyl group
Authors: Guo Kexiao , Liu Wei , Wang Yong , Wei He , Li Baozong , Li Yi , Yang Yonggang
Published: March 2022

Four lipotetrapeptides containing three glycines and onel-alanine self-assembled into twisted nanoribbons. Handedness inversion was observed with the movement ofl-alanine.
Structural regulation of Co-based coordination polymers by adjusting solvent polarity toward electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance
Authors: Qin Ling , Zheng Qi-Ming , Liu Jin-Liang , Zhou Xiao-Yan , Wang Yan-Qing , Zhang Ming-Dao
Published: March 2022

A slight change of the solvent plays an important role in the synthesis process, and a small change in the crystal structure can also lead to a large difference in performance.
Correction: Boronate affinity-based photoactivatable magnetic nanoparticles for the oriented and irreversible conjugation of Fc-fused lectins and antibodies
Authors: Fan Chen-Yo , Huo Yi-Ren , Adak Avijit K. , Waniwan Juanilita T. , dela Rosa Mira Anne C. , Low Penk Yeir , Angata Takashi , Hwang Kuo-Chu , Chen Yu-Ju , Lin Chun-Cheng
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘Boronate affinity-based photoactivatable magnetic nanoparticles for the oriented and irreversible conjugation of Fc-fused lectins and antibodies’ by Chen-Yo Fan et al., Chem. Sci., 2019, 10, 8600–8609, DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01613a.
How Do Clinicians Judge Fluency in Aphasia?
Authors: Gordon Jean K. , Clough Sharice
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

Aphasia fluency is multiply determined by underlying impairments in lexical retrieval, grammatical formulation, and speech production. This poses challenges for establishing a reliable and feasible tool to measure fluency in the clinic. We examine the reliability and validity of perceptual ratings and clinical perspectives on the utility and relevance of methods used to assess fluency.

Method:

In an online survey, 112 speech-language pathologists rated spontaneous speech samples from 181 people with aphasia (PwA) on eight perceptual rating scales (overall fluency, speech rate, pausing, effort, melody, phrase length, grammaticality, and lexical retrieval) and answered questions about their current practices for assessing fluency in the clinic.

Results:

Interrater reliability for the eight perceptual rating scales ranged from fair to good. The most reliable scales were speech rate, pausing, and phrase length. Similarly, clinicians' perceived fluency ratings were most strongly correlated to objective measures of speech rate and utterance length but were also related to grammatical complexity, lexical diversity, and phonological errors. Clinicians' ratings reflected expected aphasia subtype patterns: Individuals with Broca's and transcortical motor aphasia were rated below average on fluency, whereas those with anomic, conduction, and Wernicke's aphasia were rated above average. Most respondents reported using multiple methods in the clinic to measure fluency but relying most frequently on subjective judgments.

Conclusions:

This study lends support for the use of perceptual rating scales as valid assessments of speech-language production but highlights the need for a more reliable method for clinical use. We describe next steps for developing such a tool that is clinically feasible and helps to identify the underlying deficits disrupting fluency to inform treatment targets.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19326419
CT Planning prior to Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement (TMVR)
Authors: Seitz Patrick , Gutberlet Matthias , Heiser Linda , Gohmann Robin F. , Noack Thilo , Renatus Katharina , Lurz Philipp , Thiele Holger
Published: March 2022

Background Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) is a treatment option for patients with therapy refractory high-grade mitral valve regurgitation and a high perioperative risk.

During TMVR, the mitral annulus cannot be visualized directly. Therefore, comprehensive pre-interventional planning and a precise visualization of the patient’s specific mitral valve anatomy, outflow tract anatomy and projected anchoring of the device are necessary.

Aim of this review-article is, to assess the role of pre-procedural computed tomography (CT) for TMVR-planning

Methods Screening and evaluation of relevant guidelines (European Society of Cardiology [ESC], American Heart Association [AHA/ACC]), meta-analyses and original research using the search terms “TVMR” or “TMVI” and “CT”. In addition to this, the authors included insight from their own clinical experience.

Results CT allows for accurate measurement of the mitral annulus with high special and adequate temporal resolution in all cardiac phases. Therefore, CT represents a valuable method for accurate prosthesis-sizing.

In addition to that, CT can provide information about the valvular- and outflow-tract-anatomy, mitral valve calcifications, configuration of the papillary muscles and of the left ventricle. Additionally, the interventional access-route may concomitantly be visualized.

Conclusion CT plays, in addition to echocardiographic imaging, a central role in pre-interventional assessment prior to TMVR. Especially the precise depiction of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) provides relevant additional information, which is very difficult or not possible to be acquired in their entirety with other imaging modalities.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
Combined Model of Quantitative Evaluation of Chest Computed Tomography and Laboratory Values for Assessing the Prognosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Scharf Gregor , Meiler Stefanie , Zeman Florian , Schaible Jan , Poschenrieder Florian , Knobloch Charlotte , Kleine Henning , Scharf Sophie Elisabeth , Dinkel Julien , Stroszczynski Christian , Zorger Niels , Hamer Okka Wilkea
Published: March 2022

Purpose To assess the prognostic power of quantitative analysis of chest CT, laboratory values, and their combination in COVID-19 pneumonia.

Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis of patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and chest CT performed between March 07 and November 13, 2020. Volume and percentage (PO) of lung opacifications and mean HU of the whole lung were quantified using prototype software. 13 laboratory values were collected. Negative outcome was defined as death, ICU admittance, mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Positive outcome was defined as care in the regular ward or discharge. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of CT parameters and laboratory values. Independent predictors were combined to establish a scoring system for prediction of prognosis. This score was validated on a separate validation cohort.

Results 89 patients were included for model development between March 07 and April 27, 2020 (mean age: 60.3 years). 38 patients experienced a negative outcome. In univariate regression analysis, all quantitative CT parameters as well as C-reactive protein (CRP), relative lymphocyte count (RLC), troponin, and LDH were associated with a negative outcome. In a multivariate regression analysis, PO, CRP, and RLC were independent predictors of a negative outcome. Combination of these three values showed a strong predictive value with a C-index of 0.87. A scoring system was established which categorized patients into 4 groups with a risk of 7 %, 30 %, 67 %, or 100 % for a negative outcome. The validation cohort consisted of 28 patients between May 5 and November 13, 2020. A negative outcome occurred in 6 % of patients with a score of 0, 50 % with a score of 1, and 100 % with a score of 2 or 3.

Conclusion The combination of PO, CRP, and RLC showed a high predictive value for a negative outcome. A 4-point scoring system based on these findings allows easy risk stratification in the clinical routine and performed exceptionally in the validation cohort.

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A deep learning-based system for real-time image reporting during esophagogastroduodenoscopy: a multicenter study
Authors: Dong Zehua , Wu Lianlian , Mu Ganggang , Zhou Wei , Li Yanxia , Shi Zhaohong , Tian Xia , Liu Song , Zhu Qingxi , Shang Renduo , Zhang Mengjiao , Zhang Lihui , Xu Ming , Zhu Yijie , Tao Xiao , Chen Tingting , Li Xun , Zhang Chenxia , He Xinqi , Wang Jing , Luo Renquan , Du Hongliu , Bai Yutong , Ye Liping , Yu Honggang
Published: March 2022

Background and study aims Endoscopic reports are essential for the diagnosis and follow-up of gastrointestinal diseases. This study aimed to construct an intelligent system for automatic photo documentation during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and test its utility in clinical practice.

Patients and methods Seven convolutional neural networks trained and tested using 210,198 images were integrated to construct the endoscopic automatic image reporting system (EAIRS). We tested its performance through man-machine comparison at three levels: internal, external, and prospective test. Between May 2021 and June 2021, patients undergoing EGD at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were recruited. The primary outcomes were accuracy for capturing anatomical landmarks, completeness for capturing anatomical landmarks, and detected lesions.

Results The EAIRS outperformed endoscopists in retrospective internal and external test. A total of 161 consecutive patients were enrolled in the prospective test. The EAIRS achieved an accuracy of 95.2% in capturing anatomical landmarks in the prospective test. It also achieved higher completeness on capturing anatomical landmarks compared with endoscopists: (93.1% vs. 88.8%), and was comparable to endoscopists on capturing detected lesions: (99.0% vs. 98.0%).

Conclusions The EAIRS can generate qualified image reports and could be a powerful tool for generating endoscopic reports in clinical practice.
Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during Pregnancy: A Prospective Italian Cohort Study
Authors: Costa Simonetta , Giordano Lucia , Bottoni Anthea , Tiberi Eloisa , Fattore Simona , Pastorino Roberta , Simone Nicoletta Di , Lanzone Antonio , Buonsenso Danilo , Valentini Piero , Cattani Paola , Santangelo Rosaria , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Scambia Giovanni , Vento Giovanni
Published: March 2022

Objective The extent of vertical transmission (VT) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from mothers their fetuses or neonates is still uncertain. We aimed to determine the incidence of VT.

Study Design In this prospective cohort study. All mother diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of delivery or up to 1 week prior and their neonates, managed in a tertiary referral hospital for pregnancy complicated by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Rome, from April 2 to December 22, 2020, were included. Maternal infection was defined as nasopharyngeal swab test results positive for SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Biological samples were collected before, at, and after delivery to test positivity for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies.

Results The cohort included 95 women and 96 neonates with documented SARS-CoV-2 test results. Four neonates (4.2%) tested positive. The incidence of VT, according to the guidance criteria for diagnosing perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection, was 5.2%. Neonatal symptoms were due to prematurity or fetal distress: symptomatic infants had lower median (min–max) gestational age, 38.1 (29.3–40.6) versus 39.3 (33.9–41.9) weeks (p = 0.036), and 1-minute and 5-minute Apgar scores, 9 (3–9) versus 9 (7–10) (p = 0.036) and 10 (6–10) versus 10 (8–10) (p = 0.012), respectively, than asymptomatic infants and needed more frequent assistance in the delivery room (22.2 vs 2.5%; p = 0.008). Only six (7.1%) neonates had anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, despite the ongoing maternal infection.

Conclusion The incidence of VT is low as is the detection of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cord blood when infection is contracted late in pregnancy. This would suggest poor protection of infants against horizontal transmission of the virus.

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Growth Differentiation Factor-15, High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T, and N-Terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide for Predicting Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Ambulatory Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Roy Danielle Carole , Wang Tzu-Fei , Mallick Ranjeeta , Carrier Marc , Mollanji Eisi , Liu Peter , Zhang Liyong , Hawken Steven , Wells Philip
Published: March 2022

Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-TnT), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in noncancer patients. However, the performance of these biomarkers in cancer patients is unknown. Our objective was to assess performance of these biomarkers in predicting VTE in cancer patients at intermediate to high risk for VTE (Khorana Score ≥ 2). We used 1-month plasma samples from AVERT trial patients to determine if GDF-15, NT-proBNP, and hs-TnT levels are associated with VTE incidence between 1 and 7 months from the start of chemotherapy. The minimal Euclidean distance of the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to derive optimal cut-offs for GDF-15 and NT-proBNP given there was no evidence of a commonly used cut-off. Logistic and Fine and Gray competing risk regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and subdistribution hazard ratios, respectively, while adjusting for age, sex, anticoagulation, and antiplatelet therapy. We tested in two groups: all patients (n = 476, Model 1) and all patients with nonprimary brain cancers (n = 454, Model 2). In models 1 and 2, GDF-15 ≥2,290.9 pg/mL had adjusted ORs for VTE of 1.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89–3.08), and 2.28 (95% CI: 1.28–4.09), respectively. hs-TnT ≥14.0 pg/mL was associated with higher odds of VTE in models 1 and 2 (adjusted ORs: 2.26 [95% CI: 1.40–3.65] and 2.03 [95% CI: 1.07–3.84], respectively). For NT-proBNP, levels ≥183.5 pg/mL were not associated with VTE. Similar results were observed in the Fine and Gray analysis. Our results indicate that increased GDF-15 and hs-TnT levels predicted increased VTE risk.
An Ethnographic-Discourse Analysis of the Socio-political Effects of Interaction Between Cash Transfer Programme Authorities, Caregivers and Non-beneficiaries
Authors: Puorideme Dennis
Published: March 2022

Studies of cash transfer programmes in developing countries have demonstrated the quantitative income effects of these programmes with few studies reporting the socio-political outcomes regarding cohesive social relations. Thus, there is paucity of studies in the field of social protection about the nexus of cash transfer programmes and social cohesion. Do the actions, interactions, practices of cash transfer programme officials, caregivers, and non-beneficiary community members promote cohesive social relations in a specific socio-political context? This study combines ethnographic methods with discourse analysis to investigate the socio-political effects of the actions of Ghana’s LEAP cash transfer programme community focal persons, caregivers, and non-beneficiary community members on cohesive social relations. This study demonstrates that the LEAP cash transfer programme’s targeting, enumeration and enrolment practice produces negative social relations and undermines trust between caregivers and non-beneficiary community members, and between community focal persons and non-beneficiary community members. Thus, this study contributes to an improved understanding of cash transfer programmes’ socio-political outcomes in relation to social cohesion for a better development policymaking and implementation.
An alternative low-cost, eco-friendly catalyst for hydrogen production
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: March 2022

Simple two-step hydrothermal technique creates an improved non-metal catalyst to produce hydrogen for fuel.
Terahertz charge and spin transport in metallic ferromagnets: The role of crystalline and magnetic order
Authors: Neeraj Kumar , Sharma Apoorva , Almeida Maria , Matthes Patrick , Samad Fabian , Salvan Georgeta , Hellwig Olav , Bonetti Stefano
Published: March 2022

We study the charge and spin dependent scattering in a set of CoFeB thin films whose crystalline order is systematically enhanced and controlled by annealing at increasingly higher temperatures. Terahertz conductivity measurements reveal that charge transport closely follows the development of the crystalline phase, with the increasing structural order leading to higher conductivity. The terahertz-induced ultrafast demagnetization, driven by spin-flip scattering mediated by the spin–orbit interaction, is measurable in the pristine amorphous sample and much reduced in the sample with the highest crystalline order. Surprisingly, the largest demagnetization is observed at intermediate annealing temperatures, where the enhancement in spin-flip probability is not associated with an increased charge scattering. We are able to correlate the demagnetization amplitude with the magnitude of the in-plane magnetic anisotropy, which we characterize independently, suggesting a magnetoresistance-like description of the phenomenon.