bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solvent‐Free Manufacturing of Electrodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries via Electrostatic Coating
Authors: Schälicke Gerrit , Landwehr Inga , Dinter Alexander , Pettinger Karl-Heinz , Haselrieder Wolfgang , Kwade Arno
Published: June 2019

This work demonstrates the feasibility of a novel solvent‐free anode production for lithium‐ion batteries. It combines a modified dry‐mixing procedure with an innovative electrostatic coating process. The mixing is divided into two steps. At first, carbon black and binder are deagglomerated and recombined to a matrix structure by intensive mixing. In a second less intensive step, this matrix is blended with graphite. The powder mixture is fluidized and then transferred to the current collector by inducing a high voltage. After a subsequent hot pressing step, the powder coating is permanently fixed on the current collector. This procedure is presented with three different fluorinated binders. Furthermore, effects of different mixing intensities on the powder and electrode properties are examined. The electrodes are investigated in the three‐electrode T‐cell setup versus lithium metal to examine their C‐rates and cycle stabilities. The produced anodes offer comparable electrochemical performance to conventional wet‐coated ones on electrode and cell levels. Overall, this new process is a suitable alternative to the conventional electrode production techniques.
Hillslope response under variable microclimate
Authors: Regmi Netra R. , McDonald Eric V. , Rasmussen Craig
Published: June 2019

Solar radiation‐controlled microclimatic variation has been considered a major force on hillslope evolution via feedback among geomorphology, vegetation, soil and hydrology. In this study, we investigate the influence of solar radiation on hillslope dynamics on Santa Catalina Island, CA by comparing hillslope morphology and frequency–magnitude relationships of shallow landslides, rills and gullies on slopes receiving low annual solar radiation (LSR) and high annual solar radiation (HSR), which were found equivalent to north‐ and south‐facing slopes, respectively. LSR slopes on Santa Catalina Island were found more vegetated compared to HSR slopes. LiDAR elevation‐derived hillslope morphology showed LSR slopes steeper, rougher and more concave than HSR slopes. Similarly, frequency–magnitude plots showed larger relative frequency of high‐magnitude shallow landslides, rills and gullies on LSR slopes, and low‐magnitude shallow landslides, rills and gullies on HSR slopes. We argue that the morphology, mass movement and erosion characteristics of LSR and HSR slopes reflect the process–response of microclimate‐controlled variation in type and density of vegetation cover, soil physical properties – including moisture, texture, structure, infiltration and erodibility – and surface and subsurface hydrology. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward 5G cloud radio access network: An energy and latency perspective
Authors: Bassoli Riccardo , Granelli Fabrizio , Arzo Sisay Tadesse , Di Renzo Marco
Published: June 2019

Future generation networks will entirely deploy virtualization paradigms to enhance performance and capabilities of current cellular networks. In order to achieve the vision of fifth‐generation networks, software‐defined networking and network function virtualization will be applied not only at the core network but also at the radio access network. That will help to achieve significant reduction in power consumption while increasing energy efficiency, flexibility, and scalability. This article proposes a general mathematical model that can correctly and accurately describe spatial/topological characteristics, power consumption, and latency of Cloud radio access network in future generation networks. Thanks to the development of this novel model based on stochastic geometry, tessellation theory, and random multilayer hypergraphs, we can numerically estimate the overall energy efficiency (in bit per Joule) of Cloud radio access network in 5G (considering either edge or cloud computing), and we can compare that to energy efficiency of legacy radio access network of current 4G cellular networks. Moreover, the analysis includes a preliminary discussion about latency; that shows edge computing to be the best paradigm for 5G radio access network, which can concurrently satisfy energy efficiency and latency requirements.
Investigation of the effect of superheating on the performance of a refrigeration system using low temperature different refrigerant blends in porous media
Authors: Tarawneh Mohammad , Jawarneh Ali M. , Tlilan Hitham , Ababneh Amer , Al–Migdady Ahmad
Published: June 2019

A comparative experimental investigation on the effect of superheating of R‐22, R‐404A, R‐407C, and R‐422A as low‐temperature refrigerant blends on the performance of a vapor compression refrigeration system is conducted. Empty and porous evaporators with porosities of (40%, 43%, and 45%) are used during the tests, to predict good alternatives to the refrigerant R‐22, which has high ozone depletion potential and high global warming potential. Condensation, evaporation temperatures, degree of subcool are kept constants at 40°C, −26°C, and 6°C (±0.5°C), respectively. The effect of superheating on the compressor discharge temperature, evaporating pressure drop, evaporating capacity, volumetric refrigeration capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) of these refrigerants has been analyzed. Refrigerants, R‐422A and R‐404A showed greater performances than that of R‐22. The percentages of increase in evaporation capacities of R‐407c, R‐22, R‐404A, and R‐422A are approximately 144%, 168%, 146.3%, and 161.5%, respectively, when changing the degrees of superheat from 6°C to 16°C and changing the porosity from empty evaporator to 40%. The percentages of increase in COP are approximately 319%, 320%, 312%, and 350%, respectively. The percentages of increase in evaporation capacities of R‐422A and R‐404A when compared with R‐22 under the same conditions are 18.6% and 8.8%, respectively, while the percentages of increase in COP when compared with R‐22 are 17% and 12%, respectively.
Fetomaternal hemorrhage among pregnant women in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Akorsu Elliot E. , Acquaye Joseph K. , Benneh Amma A. , Oppong Samuel A. , Olayemi Edeghonghon
Published: June 2019

Objective

To determine the occurrence of and risk factors for fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) among pregnant women at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana.

Methods

A prospective study of FMH among pregnant women without hemoglobinopathies in the second trimester attending prenatal care between October 2015 and May 2016 performed using the Kleihauer‐Betke test. Volume of FMH was estimated; ABO and Rh blood groups of participants were determined. A data extraction form and structured questionnaire were used to collect demographic and clinical information, and data on risk factors.

Results

Of 151 participants, 32 (21.2%) had FMH. Almost 18% (n=27) had FMH at baseline (16–24 weeks), 10% (10/100) at 28–32 weeks, and 11.1% (11/99) at 34–37 weeks of pregnancy. Volume of FMH was less than 30 mL in 30 (19.9%) women, whereas it was greater than 30 mL in 2 (1.3%) women. No identifiable patient‐specific factors were associated with occurrence of FMH.

Conclusion

FMH is common among pregnant women in Ghana and can occur as early as 16 weeks, without identifiable risk factors. RhD negative women who may be pregnant with RhD positive fetuses should be screened early in pregnancy, not only at delivery, for occurrence of FMH.
Light gasoil of catalytic cracking: A quantitative description of the physical properties by joint use of chromato‐mass‐spectrometry and molecular dynamics
Authors: Ilyina Margarita G. , Khamitov Edward M. , Galiakhmetov Rail N. , Mustafin Ildar A. , Akhmetov Arslan F. , Shayakhmetova Regina Kh. , Mustafin Akhat G.
Published: June 2019

In the present work, the composition and relative density of light gasoil of catalytic cracking (LGCC) were studied using chromato‐mass‐spectrometry and its key physical properties were numerically simulated using molecular dynamics. We have studied the distribution of hydrocarbon compounds over narrow fractions of LGCC. We have applied the ASTM D2892‐11a standard distillation to find the component composition of LGCC and its narrow fractions obtained from a mixture of West Siberian oils. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using the GROMOS96 54a7 force field for the ensemble of constant number of particles (N), pressure (P) and temperature (T) (NPT) ensemble under the constant temperature and constant pressure conditions. The topologies of the structures under study were generated by the automated topology builder (ATB) service. Both the chromatographic mass spectrometry experiments and molecular dynamics simulations indicate the contents of aromatic hydrocarbons in LGCC from the mixture of West Siberian oils up to 80 wt%.
A mixed‐methods study of cultural beliefs about dementia and genetic testing among Mexicans and Mexican‐Americans at‐risk for autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Withers Mellissa , Sayegh Philip , Rodriguez‐Agudelo Yaneth , Ernstrom Karin , Raman Rema , Montoya Lucy , Zuno‐Reyes Angelica , Mosieri Chizoba , Matute Esmeralda , Ringman John M.
Published: June 2019

Trials to prevent autosomal dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) are critical and timely. However, cultural beliefs about AD and genetic testing may preclude informed consent and participation, especially among racial/ethnic minorities. This mixed‐methods study examines cultural beliefs about AD and genetic screening among at‐risk populations of Mexican heritage. We surveyed 86 Mexican and 37 Mexican‐American family members of patients with ADAD and interviewed 18 respondents in Mexico to explore perceptions and knowledge regarding AD and genetic testing. While most respondents understood that AD is inherited in their families, they also had limited understanding of the genetic mechanisms behind AD. Many believed that AD is a normal part of aging or that it is a mental illness caused by bad habits. However, beliefs that AD is caused by a curse or God's will were uncommon. The interviews demonstrated that very few at‐risk respondents understood their own risk for harboring the mutation causing AD in their family. Once informed, most expressed a strong interest in genetic testing, largely motivated by the desire to be better prepared for the development of AD. Health professionals treating and investigators enrolling members from families with ADAD cannot assume that they fully understand the nature of the illness; therefore, providers should provide comprehensive information about ADAD and genetic testing.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole Derivatives Containing Cyclopentylpropionamide as Potential Antibacterial Agent
Authors: Zhang Min , Xu Weiming , Wei Kun , Liu Hongwu , Yang Qin , Liu Qin , Yang Liyun , Luo Yuqin , Xue Wei
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to identify new strategies for the control of these plant bacterial diseases by combining a pharmacophoric group of different bioactive compounds. A series of 3‐cyclopentylpropionamide containing 1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives was synthesized and characterized via 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and HRMS. Bioassay results indicated that compounds 7a, 7d, 7j, 7m, 7n, and 7s had excellent antibacterial activity compared with the positive control. Among them, compound 7a exhibited remarkable inhibitory effect against Xoo with an EC50 of 21.41 μg/mL, which surpassed that of thiodiazole copper (67.71 μg/mL) and bismerthiazol (69.05 μg/mL). Greenhouse condition tests further revealed that 7a had approximately equal curative activity and better protection activity (41.58%) against bacterial leaf blight of rice than that of thiodiazole copper and bismerthiazol (46.86 and 42.25%, respectively). Structure–activity relationship analysis exhibited that sulfone fragment favored inhibition. Overall, this study suggested that derivatives containing 1,3,4‐thiadiazole 3‐cyclopentylpropanamide can be used as new lead compounds for bactericide studies.
An Efficient Five‐Component Reaction for the Synthesis of 4,4′‐((2‐Oxoindoline‐3,3‐diyl)bis(methylene))bis(2‐aryl‐1H‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinoline‐1,3(2H)‐dione) Derivatives
Authors: Mao Kaimin , Dai Lei , Liu Yun , Rong Liangce
Published: June 2019

An efficient cascade process five‐component reaction of isatins and 3‐oxo‐N‐arylbutanamide for the synthesis of 4,4′‐((2‐oxoindoline‐3,3‐diyl)bis(methylene))bis(2‐aryl‐1H‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinoline‐1,3(2H)‐dione) derivatives was reported under mild condition. The advantages of this strategy are easy to obtain raw materials, convenient one‐pot procedure, and simple operation.
Utility of diffusion‐weighted imaging in association with pathologic upgrading in biopsy‐proven grade I endometrial cancer
Authors: Park Jung Jae , Kim Chan Kyo , Cho Seong Whi , Kim Jae‐Hun
Published: June 2019

Background

Prediction of pathologic upgrading is clinically meaningful to identify the optimal candidate of fertility‐preserving hormonal treatment in the young patients with biopsy‐proven grade I endometrial cancer.

Purpose

To investigate the utility of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in association with pathologic upgrading in endometrial cancer.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Subjects

Preoperative MRI datasets of 221 patients with grade I endometrial cancer on endometrial biopsy (n = 146), dilatation and curettage (n = 66), or either (n = 9).

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0T, including T2‐weighted imaging, DWI with a b‐value of 1000 s/mm2, and dynamic contrast enhanced imaging.

Assessment

The tumor size was determined as the longest diameter of the lesion. The minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmin) was calculated using histogram analysis of the entire tumor.

Statistical Tests

Mann–Whitney U‐test, Pearson's chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

Pathologic upgrading was identified in 42 patients (19.0%). Patients with pathologic upgrading had larger tumors and showed lower ADCmin values than those without pathologic upgrading (both P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve of ADCmin and tumor size was 0.812 and 0.758, respectively. On multivariate analysis, tumor ADCmin ≤0.600 × 10‐3 mm2/s (odds ratio [OR], 11.8; P < 0.001) and tumor size on MRI >3 cm (OR, 3.24; P = 0.009) were independently associated with pathologic upgrading. Upgrading occurred in 23 of 31 patients (74.2%) with ADCmin ≤0.600 × 10‐3 mm2/s and tumor size >3 cm, and in 7 of 114 patients (6.1%) with ADCmin >0.600 × 10‐3 mm2/s and tumor size ≤3 cm.

Data Conclusion

Tumor ADC and tumor size on MRI may be useful parameters in association with pathologic upgrading in biopsy‐proven grade I endometrial cancer.

Level of Evidence: 4

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:117–123.
Temperature extreme records: World Meteorological Organization metrological and meteorological evaluation of the 54.0°C observations in Mitribah, Kuwait and Turbat, Pakistan in 2016/2017
Authors: Merlone Andrea , Al‐Dashti Hassan , Faisal Nadeem , Cerveny Randall S. , AlSarmi Said , Bessemoulin Pierre , Brunet Manola , Driouech Fatima , Khalatyan Yelena , Peterson Thomas C. , Rahimzadeh Fatemeh , Trewin Blair , Wahab M. M. Abdel , Yagan Serpil , Coppa Graziano , Smorgon Denis , Musacchio Chiara , Krahenbuhl Daniel
Published: June 2019

A World Meteorological Organization (WMO) committee officially evaluated temperature record extremes of 54.0°C at two locations, one in Mitribah, Kuwait on July 21, 2016 and a second in Turbat, Pakistan on May 28, 2017. The committee agreed that quantity and quality of documentation of both observations were excellent. Additional metrological testing of the equipment focused on three aspects: the calibration of both thermometers, an effort to estimate the factors influencing the measurements and a direct comparison of the two thermometers when exposed simultaneously to 54°C. The metrological analysis's conclusion for the Mitribah value is a temperature estimated to be 53.87°C with an expanded uncertainty of ±0.08°C. Correspondingly, for the Turbat value the temperature is estimated to be 53.72°C with an expanded uncertainty of ±0.40°C. Following that analysis, the committee recommended acceptance of the calibrated observations to the first decimal digit such that the Mitribah observation is accepted as 53.9 ± 0.1°C and the Turbat as 53.7 ± 0.4°C. The Mitribah, Kuwait temperature is now accepted by the WMO as the highest temperature ever recorded for Asia (WMO RA II) and the two observations are the third (tied within uncertainty limits) and fourth highest WMO‐recognized temperature extremes and, significantly, they are the highest, officially recognized temperatures to have been recorded in the last 76 years. This evaluation has involved the most extensive temperature extremes analysis ever to be undertaken by an international evaluation committee of the WMO CCl Archive of Weather and Climate Extremes.
Condylar‐Stabilized TKR May Not Fully Compensate for PCL‐Deficiency: An In Vitro Cadaver Study
Authors: Willing Ryan , Moslemian Alireza , Yamomo Geofrey , Wood Thomas , Howard James , Lanting Brent
Published: June 2019

Increased‐congruency bearing options are widely available in numerous total knee replacement (TKR) systems, with the intended purpose of compensating for posterior‐cruciate ligament (PCL) deficiency. However, their ability to provide adequate stability in this setting has been debated. This in vitro joint simulator study measured changes in knee joint kinematics and stability during passive flexion–extension motions and simulated activities of daily living resulting from TKR with condylar‐stabilized (CS) TKR without a PCL versus cruciate‐retaining (CR) TKR. During passive flexion, the CS TKR resulted in a more posterior tibial positioning than both the intact joint and CR TKR (by 3.4 ± 1.0 mm and 4.8 ± 0.7 mm, respectively). With a posterior tibial force applied, the CS TKR tibia was again significantly more posterior than that of the intact joint and CR TKR (by 4.7 ± 1.3 mm and 5.6 ± 0.8 mm, respectively). Furthermore, there were significant differences in the anterior/posterior kinematics of both TKR with respect to intact knees during gait, and differences between the CS and CR TKR during stair ascent and descent. Overall, there appears to be a reduction in anterior–posterior stability of the PCL‐deficient CS TKR knee, suggesting that contemporary increased‐congruency bearing surface designs may not adequately compensate for the loss of the PCL. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2172–2181, 2019
Growth effects in tropical nickel‐agromining ‘metal crops' in response to nutrient dosing
Authors: Nkrumah Philip Nti , Echevarria Guillaume , Erskine Peter D. , Chaney Rufus L. , Sumail Sukaibin , van der Ent Antony
Published: June 2019

Agromining is an emerging technology that utilizes selected ‘metal crops' (= hyperaccumulator plants) to extract valuable target metals from unconventional resources for profit from mineralised soils. Growth characteristics, shoot metal concentrations, and agrominable locations are important considerations in economic agromining. Globally, the greatest potential for nickel (Ni) agromining exists in the tropics. However, the agronomic systems of tropical ‘metal crops' have not been previously tested. Furthermore, it is currently unknown whether nutrient dosing of prospective tropical agromining Ni ‘metal crops’ could possibly cause a shoot Ni‐dilution effect which may ultimately limit economically viable Ni yields. We undertook a pioneering study on Ni uptake and growth responses to nutrient dosing in two promising tropical ‘metal crops' (Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi and Rinorea cf. bengalensis). The experiment consisted of a large randomised block growth trial in large pots over 12 months in Sabah (Malaysia). At 3‐month intervals, the plants were exposed to soluble treatments that altered available concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). We found strong positive growth responses to N and P additions in P. rufuschaneyi, whereas K additions had negative growth effects. In R. cf. bengalensis, all treatments had positive growth effects. The increases in biomass in response to nutrient dosing did not significantly reduce shoot Ni concentrations in both species, with the exception of N addition in P. rufuschaneyi. This study reveals that Ni uptake and growth responses to nutrient dosing are species‐dependent, primarily influenced by the ecophysiology of the species. Inorganic fertilization could possibly be an important component of the management of local ‘metal crops' to be used in viable commercial agromining in the tropics, but this needs to be tested in the field with different formulations of N, P, and K.
Innovative technologies in virgin olive oil extraction process: influence on volatile compounds and organoleptic characteristics
Authors: Caponio Francesco , Leone Alessandro , Squeo Giacomo , Tamborrino Antonia , Summo Carmine
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

Innovative technologies are experimentally applied to the virgin olive oil extraction process in order to make it continuous and more efficient. Most of the efforts aim at overcoming the limitations of the traditional malaxation step, which, however, is essential for the development of virgin olive oil sensory notes.

RESULTS

Compared to the traditional process, innovative technologies based on the heat exchanger led generally to a decrement in volatile lipoxygenase (LOX) alcohols linked to alcohol dehydrogenase activity and, conversely, to a slightly increase in volatile LOX esters. Aldehydes from the same pathway were not significantly affected. However, an industrial combined plant constructed from a heat exchanger, low‐frequency ultrasound device and microwave apparatus determined the highest ‘fruity’ intensity perceived by panellists, in accordance with the highest value of total volatiles, with values significantly higher than heat exchanger alone, which, instead, had the lowest levels of hexanal and LOX alcohols. The pungent taste showed the same trend observed for ‘fruity’ intensity, whereas bitter taste did not show significant differences among trials.

CONCLUSION

The introduction of ultrasound, coupled with heat exchanger and microwave, seemed not to modify the behaviour of enzymes of the LOX pathway, and the obtained virgin olive oils showed volatiles and organoleptic characteristics not significantly different from those obtained by the traditional olive oil extraction process. These findings provided the first insights into the effect of the combination of innovative technologies in the olive oil extraction process on virgin olive oil volatiles and sensory characteristics. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Inhibitory effect of corosolic acid on α‐glucosidase: kinetics, interaction mechanism, and molecular simulation
Authors: Ni Mengting , Pan Junhui , Hu Xing , Gong Deming , Zhang Guowen
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

The suppression of α‐glucosidase activity to retard glucose absorption is an important therapy for type‐2 diabetes. Corosolic acid (CRA) is a potential antidiabetic component in many plant‐based foods and herbs. In this study, the interplay mechanism between α‐glucosidase and corosolic acid was investigated by several methods, including three‐dimensional fluorescence spectra, circular dichroism spectra, and molecular simulation.

RESULTS

Corosolic acid significantly inhibited α‐glucosidase reversibly in an uncompetitive manner and its IC50 value was 1.35 × 10−5 mol L−1. A combination of CRA with myricetin exerted a weak synergy against α‐glucosidase. The intrinsic fluorescence of α‐glucosidase was quenched via a static quenching course and the binding constant was 3.47 × 103 L mol−1 at 298 K. The binding of CRA to α‐glucosidase was mainly driven by hydrophobic forces and resulted in a partial extension of the protein polypeptide chain with a loss of α‐helix content. The molecular simulation illustrated that CRA bound to the entrance part of the active center of α‐glucosidase and interacted with the amino acid residues Ser157, Arg442, Phe303, Arg315, Tyr158, and Gln353, which could hinder the release of substrate and catalytic reaction product, eventually suppressing the catalytic activity of α‐glucosidase.

CONCLUSIONS

These results may suggest new insights into corosolic acid from food sources as a potential α‐glucosidase inhibitor that could better control diabetes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Diet quality indices and cardiovascular diseases risk factors among diabetic women
Authors: Daneshzad Elnaz , Larijani Bagher , Azadbakht Leila
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

Diabetes is a common chronic disease with many complications and is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The present study aimed to investigate the association of diet quality indices and CVD risk factors among diabetic women. This cross‐sectional study was conducted in 230 Tehrani women with type 2 diabetes. A validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire was completed to assess the dietary intake. Diet quality indices were considered with respect to adherence to the Healthy Eating Index‐2010 (HEI‐2010) and Diet Quality Index‐International (DQI‐I). Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and biochemical tests were assessed. CVD risk factors were evaluated according to the adult treatment panel III.

RESULTS

Patients who were in the top tertile of the DQI consumed less fat, saturated fatty acids and sodium, as well as more protein, fiber, iron and calcium (P < 0.05). Participants who were in the top tertile of diet quality indices consumed less processed and organ meat and more fruits, and vegetables. Patients in the highest tertile of HEI had lower fasting blood sugar levels (148.92 ± 6.05 mg dL−1 versus 171.30 ± 5.79 mg dL−1, P = 0.021). There was no significant association between DQI‐I, HEI and other CVD risk factors.

CONCLUSION

There was no association between diet quality indices and CVD risk factors among diabetic patients. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Stereoselective separation of (1S, 4S)‐sertraline from medicinal reaction mixtures by countercurrent chromatography with hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as stereoselective selector
Authors: Sun Wenyu , Wang Chaoyue , Jin Yang , Wang Xiang , Zhao Shanshan , Luo Meng , Yan Jizhong , Tong Shengqiang
Published: June 2019

Four stereoisomeric components were produced during the synthesis of the antidepressant drug (1S, 4S)‐sertraline hydrochloride due to the two chiral carbon centers in its chemical structure, including (1S, 4S), (1R, 4R), (1S, 4R), and (1R, 4S)‐isomer. Stereoselective separation of the target isomer (1S, 4S)‐sertraline from the medicinal reaction mixtures by countercurrent chromatography using hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as the stereoselective selector was investigated. A biphasic solvent system composed of n‐hexane/0.20 mol/L phosphate buffer solution with pH 7.6 containing 0.10 mol/L of hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) was selected for separation of cis‐sertraline and trans‐sertraline using reverse phase elution mode and (1S, 4S)‐sertraline was separated with (1R, 4R)‐sertraline using recycling elution mode. A fabricated in‐house analytical countercurrent chromatographic apparatus was used for optimization of the separation conditions. Stationary phase retention and peak resolution were investigated for separation of cis‐sertraline and trans‐sertraline by the analytical apparatus.
Hofstede, cultural differences, and TripAdvisor hotel reviews
Authors: Litvin Stephen W.
Published: June 2019

Prior research has shown that Hofstede's cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance helps explain travel planning and vacation behaviors. The current research extends our understanding; finding the dimension helps also explain posttrip attitude and satisfaction. TripAdvisor ratings and review comments by travelers from multiple nations were analyzed to establish the relationship between national culture and the tested variables. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Application of Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Analysis of 127 Cases
Authors: Li Weiwei , Zhou Qinghua , Xia Shujun , Wu Ying , Fei Xiaochun , Wang Yi , Tao Lingling , Fan Jinfang , Zhou Wei
Published: June 2019

Objectives

To explore the characteristics of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) on real‐time grayscale contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging and the diagnostic value of CEUS in DCIS.

Methods

A total of 127 histopathologically confirmed DCIS lesions and 124 fibroadenomas (FAs; controls) were subjected to conventional ultrasound and CEUS. Next, the CEUS findings of DCIS and FA lesions, including morphologic features and quantitative parameters, were analyzed.

Results

Binary logistic regression was used to identify the independent risk factors from DCIS and FA lesions detected by CEUS. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound revealed significant differences between DCIS and FA. The wash‐in time, enhancement mode, enhancement intensity, blood perfusion defects, peripheral high enhancement, enhancement scope, intratumoral vessels and their courses and dilatation degree, and penetrating vessels on CEUS were identified as features correlated with DCIS (P < .05). Moreover, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was developed, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve of each index was generated, including the wash‐in time, enhancement intensity, blood perfusion defects, enhancement scope, penetrating vessels, arrival time, and peak intensity (P < .05; area under the curve, >0.6).

Conclusions

The contrast‐enhancement patterns and DCIS parameters appeared different from FA lesions, thus suggesting that CEUS can be very useful in distinguishing DCIS from FA lesions.
Endoscopic endonasal superomedial orbitectomy: How far is safe and possible?
Authors: Cárdenas Ruiz‐Valdepeñas Eugenio , Kaen Ariel , González‐Martínez Emilio , Gardner Paul A. , Wang Eric W. , Snyderman Carl H. , Fernandez‐Miranda Juan C.
Published: June 2019

Objectives

During the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) to the anterior cranial base, the lateral boundaries are the lamina papyracea (medial orbital walls) bilaterally but further extension in the coronal plane is possible by performing a superomedial orbitectomy. The aims of this study are to describe the technique of the endoscopic endonasal transethmoidal supraorbital approach to the anterior cranial base and to calculate the extension in the coronal plane added with the superomedial orbitectomy.

Methods

Thirty superomedial orbitectomies via EEA were completed in 15 fresh‐frozen heads. After finishing the procedure, a bifrontal craniotomy with removal of both frontal lobes was performed in order to measure the width of the supraorbital EEA in the coronal plane. We divided the anterior cranial base into five zones related to distinct anatomical segments: sinusal zone, post‐sinusal zone, anterior ethmoidal, inter‐ethmoidal zone, and posterior ethmoidal zone. Measurements of each segment of the anterior cranial base were taken.

Results

In all specimens, it was possible to perform a superomedial orbitectomy without excessive retraction of the orbital contents. The inter‐ethmoidal zone is the segment where the lateral extension was widest. The mean total width in this area was 45.4 mm. The superomedial orbitectomy added a mean of 8 mm on each side to the total anterior skull base exposure.

Conclusion

The endoscopic endonasal superomedial orbitectomy added important extension in the coronal plane during an EEA to the anterior cranial base. The inter‐ethmoidal zone has shown the greatest lateral extension.

Level of Evidence

N/A

Laryngoscope, 130:1151–1157, 2020
Transient Cold Storage Prior to Normothermic Liver Perfusion May Facilitate Adoption of a Novel Technology
Authors: Ceresa Carlo D. L. , Nasralla David , Watson Christopher J. E. , Butler Andrew J. , Coussios Constantin C. , Crick Keziah , Hodson Leanne , Imber Charles , Jassem Wayel , Knight Simon R. , Mergental Hynek , Ploeg Rutger J. , Pollok Joerg M. , Quaglia Alberto , Shapiro A. M. James , Weissenbacher Annemarie , Friend Peter J.
Published: June 2019

Clinical adoption of normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) may be facilitated by simplifying logistics and reducing costs. This can be achieved by cold storage of livers for transportation to recipient centers before commencing NMP. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and feasibility of post–static cold storage normothermic machine perfusion (pSCS‐NMP) in liver transplantation. In this multicenter prospective study, 31 livers were transplanted. The primary endpoint was 30‐day graft survival. Secondary endpoints included the following: peak posttransplant aspartate aminotransferase (AST), early allograft dysfunction (EAD), postreperfusion syndrome (PRS), adverse events, critical care and hospital stay, biliary complications, and 12‐month graft survival. The 30‐day graft survival rate was 94%. Livers were preserved for a total of 14 hours 10 minutes ± 4 hours 46 minutes, which included 6 hours 1 minute ± 1 hour 19 minutes of static cold storage before 8 hours 24 minutes ± 4 hours 4 minutes of NMP. Median peak serum AST in the first 7 days postoperatively was 457 U/L (92‐8669 U/L), and 4 (13%) patients developed EAD. PRS was observed in 3 (10%) livers. The median duration of initial critical care stay was 3 days (1‐20 days), and median hospital stay was 13 days (7‐31 days). There were 7 (23%) patients who developed complications of grade 3b severity or above, and 2 (6%) patients developed biliary complications: 1 bile leak and 1 anastomotic stricture with no cases of ischemic cholangiopathy. The 12‐month overall graft survival rate (including death with a functioning graft) was 84%. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that pSCS‐NMP was feasible and safe, which may facilitate clinical adoption.
Artificial Muscles: Dielectric Elastomers Responsive to Low Voltages
Authors: Sheima Yauhen , Caspari Philip , Opris Dorina M.
Published: June 2019

The lack of soft high‐dielectric‐permittivity elastomers responsive to a low voltage has been a long‐standing obstacle for the industrialization of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA) technology. Here, elastomers that not only possess a high dielectric permittivity of 18 and good elastic and insulating properties but are also processable in very thin films by conventional techniques are reported. Additionally, the elastic modulus can be easily tuned. A soft elastomer with a storage modulus of E = 350 kPa, a tanδ = 0.007 at 0.05 Hz, and a lateral actuation strain of 13% at 13 V µm−1 is prepared. A stable lateral actuation over 50 000 cycles at 10 Hz is demonstrated. A stiffer elastomer with an E = 790 kPa, a tanδ = 0.0018 at 0.05 Hz, a large out‐of‐plane actuation at 41 V µm−1, and breakdown fields of almost 100 V µm−1 is also developed. Such breakdown fields are the highest ever reported for a high‐permittivity elastomer. Additionally, actuators operable at a voltage as low as 200 V are also demonstrated. Because the materials used are cheap and easily available, and the chemical reactions leading to them allow upscaling, they have the potential to advance the DEA technology.
Experimental analysis of the friction coefficient effect of the zinc‐lamella coated fasteners on bolt preload and tightening moment
Authors: Güler B. , Gürsel K.T.
Published: June 2019

Basic parameters of the bolt‐nut joints, which are ones of the most important elements of assembly processes, are the torque, bolt preload and friction coefficients between bolt and nut interfaces. In bolted joints tightened with torque and angle‐controlled method, friction coefficients of the fasteners are highly significant because they affect final torque and bolt preload values directly, creating a large uncertainty in regard to meet the minimum requirements on preloads considering the safety of joints and further systems, in case of this study, the vehicles being assembled. Also, the range of the lower and upper limits of friction coefficients of the coated fasteners affect process quality considerably in bolted joints tightened with torque and angle‐controlled technique. In this study, the effect of the friction coefficients on the bolt preload and final torque values in the vehicle chassis joints, which are created using torque and angle‐controlled tightening, were investigated experimentally. Therefore, bolt specimens which have both low and high friction coefficients, were tightened by the torque and angle‐controlled tightening method especially using high angle torque parameters on the vehicle chassis test bench. The torque and preload values obtained have been compared to each other and correlated in terms of the friction coefficients occurred.
Physico‐mechanical characterization of garnet and fly ash reinforced Al7075 hybrid composite
Authors: Mishra S. , Patnaik A. , Kumar S.R.
Published: June 2019

The aim of present work was to study the effect of adding garnet and fly ash on the physical and mechanical performance of Al7075 hybrid composites. Al7075 hybrid composites reinforced with varying weight percentage (0 wt.%–15 wt.%) of each of garnet and fly ash were fabricated and characterized for the comparative assessment of their physical and mechanical properties. The physical and mechanical tests such as void content test, hardness test, tensile strength test, impact strength tests, flexural and fracture toughness test were performed for both garnet and fly ash reinforced composites. The finding of results indicated that the addition of 0 wt.%–15 wt.% of garnet increased the void content, hardness, flexural strength, tensile strength, impact strength and fracture toughness in the range of 1.01 %–2.69 %, 33 HRB–88 HRB, 165 MPa–275 MPa, 205 MPa–263 MPa, 12 J–22 J and 0.11 MPa ⋅ m1/2–0.58 MPa ⋅ m1/2 at crack length 0.1 respectively whereas addition of 0 wt.%–15 wt.% of fly ash increased the void content, hardness test, flexural strength, tensile strength, impact strength and fracture toughness in the range of 1.010 %–1.351 %, 33 HRB‐80 HRB, 165 MPa–225 MPa, 205 MPa–236 MPa, 12 J–20 J, 0.11 MPa ⋅ m1/2–0.48 MPa ⋅ m1/2 at crack length 0.1 respectively. Apart from the economic concern and void issue, Garnet indicated better choice of reinforcement as compared to fly ash in terms of mechanical properties.
Investigation of new candidate genes in retinoblastoma using the TruSight One “clinical exome” gene panel
Authors: Akdeniz Demet , Tuncer Seref Bugra , Kebudi Rejin , Celik Betul , Kuru Gozde , Kilic Seda , Sukruoglu Erdogan Ozge , Avsar Mukaddes , Buyukkapu Bay Sema , Tuncer Samuray , Yazici Hulya
Published: June 2019

Background

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most prevalent intraocular pediatric malignancy of the retina. Significant genetic factors are known to have a role in the development of Rb.

Methods

Here, we report the mutation status of 4813 clinically significant genes in six patients with noncarrier of RB1 gene mutation and having normal RB1 promoter methylation from three families having higher risk for developing Rb in the study.

Results

A total of 27 variants were detected in the study. Heterozygous missense variants c.1162G > A (p.Gly388Arg) in the FGFR4 gene; c.559C > T (p.Pro187Ser) in the NQO1 gene were identified. The family based evaluation of the variants showed that the variant, c.714T > G (p.Tyr238Ter), in the CLEC7A gene in first family; the variant, c.55C > T (p.Arg19Ter), in the APOC3 gene and the variant, c.1171C > T (p.Gln391Ter), in the MUTYH gene in second family; and the variant, c.211G > A (p.Gly71Arg), in the UGT1A1 gene in the third family, were found statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study might be an important report on emphazing the mutational status of other genes in patients without RB1 gene mutations and having high risk for developing Rb. The study also indicates the interaction between the retinoic acid pathway and Rb oncogenesis for the first time.
Nonpartisan effort hopes to make MH, SUD part of 2020 candidates' platforms
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2019

In efforts to elevate mental health and addiction‐related policy issues in conversations among presidential hopefuls, mental health and substance use advocacy groups and organizations have launched a nonpartisan educational initiative with the intention of getting leading candidates in the 2020 campaign on the record about their specific policy proposals and plans to put them into action.
Functional results after facial reanimation in iatrogenic facial palsy
Authors: Györi Eva , Mayrhofer Marcel , Schwaiger Benedikt M. , Pona Igor , Tzou Chieh Han
Published: June 2019

Background

Iatrogenic facial nerve injury is a common cause of long‐standing facial palsy. This study aimed to assess functional results after facial reanimation in iatrogenic facial palsy and to determine correlating patient factors.

Methods

The data of 128 iatrogenic facial palsy patients were analyzed for this case series. Inclusion criteria for assessment of facial function by three‐dimensional video analysis were preoperative and postoperative (>18 months) video sets for facial marker tracking, which were available in 63 patients. Demographic factors and treatment concepts were analyzed and correlations to functional outcomes calculated.

Results

One hundred and twenty‐eight patients with iatrogenic facial palsy underwent facial reanimation procedures and were included in this study. The mean duration of facial palsy was 7.8 years. The most common procedures leading to iatrogenic facial palsy were acoustic neuroma resection (29.7%), parotidectomy (21.1%), and brainstem/cerebellopontine angle tumor resection (21.1%). Selected functional results were significantly improved after facial reanimation surgery. The mean lagophthalmos during eyelid closure reduced from 7.3 ± 4.1 mm to 5.4 ± 4 mm (p < .001). The function of the mouth was significantly improved, both statically (static asymmetry: 10.3 ± 7.6 mm preoperatively, 0.8 ± 9.5 mm postoperatively; p < .001), and during smile movement (“Dynamic Symmetry Index”: 0.16 preoperatively, 0.39 postoperatively; p < .001). The mean duration of facial palsy correlated with postoperative smiling function (r = .358, p = .011).

Conclusion

Facial reanimation significantly improves facial function in iatrogenic facial palsy. Early referral to a facial nerve center is crucial as duration of facial palsy influences functional outcomes.
A Two‐Week Treatment with Plant Extracts Changes Gut Microbiota, Caecum Metabolome, and Markers of Lipid Metabolism in ob/ob Mice
Authors: Brochot Amandine , Azalbert Vincent , Landrier Jean‐François , Tourniaire Franck , Serino Matteo
Published: June 2019

Scope

Targeting gut microbiota dysbiosis by prebiotics is effective, though side effects such as abdominal bloating and flatulence may arise following high prebiotic consumption over weeks. The aim is therefore to optimize the current protocol for prebiotic use.

Methods and results

To examine the prebiotic properties of plant extracts, two independent studies are conducted in ob/ob mice, over two weeks. In the first study, Porphyra umbilicalis and Melissa officinalis L. extracts are evaluated; in the second study, a high vs low dose of an Emblica officinalis Gaertn extract is assessed. These plant extracts affect gut microbiota, caecum metabolome, and induce a significant lower plasma triacylglycerols (TG) following treatment with P. umbilicalis and significantly higher plasma free fatty acids (FFA) following treatment with the low‐dose of E. officinalis Gaertn. Glucose‐ and insulin‐tolerance are not affected but white adipose tissue and liver gene expression are modified. In the first study, IL‐6 hepatic gene expression is significantly (adjusted p = 0.0015) and positively (r = 0.80) correlated with the bacterial order Clostridiales in all mice.

Conclusion

The data show that a two‐week treatment with plant extracts affects the dysbiotic gut microbiota and changes both caecum metabolome and markers of lipid metabolism in ob/ob mice.
Honeycombed metasurface plate for generation of X‐band orbital angular momentum beam
Authors: Xu Yusi , Guo Zhigui , Yang Guomin
Published: June 2019

A honeycombed transmission metasurface based on hexagonal unit is proposed in this article for generation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam. The hexagonal metasurface unit is composed of five metal layers and is separated by four dielectric substrates. A metal layer with three etched crossed slots is placed in the middle of the substrates, and other four hexagonal metal layers with same dimensions are placed symmetrically on both sides. By simulating the unit comprehensively around the center frequency of 10 GHz, a list of units with good transmission coefficient and different phase shifts for metasurface design is obtained. Based on the hexagonal metasurface units, the configuration of the metasurface plate is presented and two models of +1 and +2 mode are designed accordingly. The simulated results show that the metasurface plate is insensitive to the incident wave polarization and is able to generate OAM beams from circularly polarized (CP) and linearly polarized (LP) incident plane waves. To validate the correctness of the simulation results, a +2 mode OAM metasurface plate is fabricated and measured, and a helical phase wavefront is obtained, which demonstrates the generation of OAM beam.
Dietary Methionine Restriction Reduces Inflammation Independent of FGF21 Action
Authors: Sharma Shaligram , Dixon Taylor , Jung Sean , Graff Emily C. , Forney Laura A. , Gettys Thomas W. , Wanders Desiree
Published: June 2019

Objective

Methionine restriction (MR) decreases inflammation and improves markers of metabolic disease in rodents. MR also increases hepatic and circulating concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Emerging evidence has suggested that FGF21 exerts anti‐inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of FGF21 in mediating the MR‐induced reduction in inflammation.

Methods

Wild‐type and Fgf21‐/‐ mice were fed a high‐fat (HF) control or HF‐MR diet for 8 weeks. In a separate experiment, mice were fed a HF diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. Vehicle or recombinant FGF21 (13.6 µg/d) was administered via osmotic minipump for an additional 2 weeks. Inflammation and metabolic parameters were measured.

Results

Fgf21‐/‐ mice were more susceptible to HFD‐induced inflammation, and MR reduced inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver of Fgf21‐/‐ mice. MR downregulated activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in WAT of both genotypes. FGF21 administration reduced hepatic lipids and blood glucose concentrations. However, there was little effect of FGF21 on inflammatory gene expression in liver or adipose tissue or circulating cytokines.

Conclusions

MR reduces inflammation independent of FGF21 action. Endogenous FGF21 is important to protect against the development of HFD‐induced inflammation in liver and WAT, yet administration of low‐dose FGF21 has little effect on markers of inflammation.