bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
482 – Amygdala Activity Correlates with Attentional Bias in PTSD
Authors: El Khoury-Malhame M. , Reynaud E. , Salgado-Pineda P. , Fakra E. , Samuelian J.C. , Anton J.L. , Blin O. , Khalfa S.
Published: July 2013

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that arises in the aftermath of a traumatic event. The most prevalent hypothesis is that of an increased amygdala activity to threat cues. The amygdala has also shown an implication in orienting attention toward threat. The aim of this study was to explore the correlations between amygdala activity, symptom severity and attentional bias to threat. PTSD patients and healthy controls were assayed on an fMRI emotional face matching task and an attentional detection of target (DOT) task. The amygdala showed enhanced activity in PTSD patients (vs. healthy individuals). It positively correlated with anxiety scores and PTSD symptoms. It also positively correlated with the disengagement index during the attentional DOT task. Mostly, these results provide preliminary support for an implication of the amygdala in attention orientation to threat in PTSD, whereby in patients amygdala hyperactivity would cause attentional biases, which in turn would induce anxious symptomatology. These results are further discussed in light of recent theories concerned with cortico-limbic functioning and clinical implications.
484 – Depression and Suicidality in First Episode Psychosis
Authors: Upthegrove R. , Birchwood M. , Brunet K. , McCollum R. , Jones L. , Ross K.
Published: July 2013

A clearer understanding of the ebb and flow of depression and suicidal thinking in the early phase of psychosis, and how this relates to other symptom dimensions, is essential for developing interventions to reduce risk. The studies presented here investigate whether depression and suicidal thinking are predictable, how they relate to the early course of psychotic symptoms and develop over time.

92 patients with first episode psychosis recruited from the Birmingham Early Intervention Service completed measures of depression, including an prodromal depression, psotove and negative symptoms, self-harm, duration of untreated psychosis, insight and illness appraisals. Follow up took place over 12 months.

Depression occurred in 80% of patients at one or more phase of illness; a combination of depression and suicidal thinking was present in 63%. Depression in the prodromal phase was the most significant predictor of future depression and acts of selfharm. Post psychotic depression unheralded by previous depressive episodes was rare. Depression and suicidal thinking in the acute and post psychotic phases is associated with higher levels of loss and shame, and subordination to persecutors and malevolent voices.

Depression early in the emergence of a psychosis is fundamental to the development of future depression and suicidal thinking, and related to the personal significance and impact of positive symptom dimensions. Efforts to predict and reduce depression and self-harm in psychosis may need to target this early phase to reduce later risk.
513 – Comparison of Errors Committed by Psychotic Patients in Neuropsychological Bender_Gestalt Test
Authors: Hosseini R. , Moghaddam P.A. , Afzali S.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of psychotic patients in neuropsychological “Bender_Gestalt” test.

Method:

The clinical symptoms of 97 psychotic patients (49 schizophrenics, 25 bipolar and 23 psychotics due to substance) and their performance in “Bender Gestalt” test were assessed through the administration of positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS) and demographic data.

Results:

One-way ANOVA between the three diagnostic groups in terms of errors committed by psychotic patients showed no significant differences. Post-hoc “Tukey’s test” also yielded the same results, thus three diagnostic groups can be placed in a match group in terms of overall errors.

Conclusions:

The findings revealed evidence that the pattern of errors committed by patients was correlated differently with demographic and clinical variables in all three diagnostic groups. According to these findings treatment and rehabilitation of psychotic patients can be executed more precisely.
514 – Gender Speciffics Study of Medical Students’ Health-Elated Quality of Life
Authors: Latas M. , Milovanovic S. , Stojkovic T. , Ralic T. , Jovanovic S.
Published: July 2013

Aim:

to assess the subjective perception of HRQoL in medical students’ sample; and

to ascertain predictors of better perception of HRQoL in medical students.

Methods:

We have assessed and compared scores of Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), used for the assessment of HRQoL in sample of 561 medical students and 332 control participants. Also, we have used linear regression to identify predictors of better perception of HRQoL in the sample of medical students.

Results:

The results indicate that medical students had statistically significantly higher total score of SF-36. The statistically significant predictors of better perception of HRQoL in medical students were: male gender, younger age and higher grade year of studies and non-medical students was male gender. The other sociodemographic and academic variables did not emerge as possible predictors of better perception of HRQoL.

Conclusions:

Medical students perceive their health much better than other university students do but female, older and second year medical students have worse perception of their HRQoL. In non-medical university students females had worse perception of their HRQoL. Those points should be potential target areas for specific prevention and treatment in order to achieve better quality of life of medical students and life of nonmedical students.
518 – Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (ITBS) for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia
Authors: Bation R. , Brunelin J. , Damasceno C. , D’Amato T. , Poulet E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown effective for reducing persistant negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a new paradigm of rTMS that allowed more sustained facilitation effect.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of theta burst in reduction of persistant negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

Methods:

24 adult schizophrenia outpatients were assigned to receive iTBSat 80% motor threshold, or sham TMS over the left DLPFC, daily; for 20 sessions. The primary outcome measure was the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS).score. Secondary outcomes included depression as measured with the Calgary Depression Scale (CDS), and cogntion as assessed with digit span and trail making test. Patients were followed-up 6 months afterwards.

Results:

The primary outcome measure (change in Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms score) showed a statistically significant drop at month 1, 3 and 6 for the iTBS group, but not ther placebo groups. Digit span and trail making test score were also significally improved after treatment in iTBS group. Calgary depression scale score did not demontrate any significant change.

Conclusions:

iTBS may serve as a relatively noninvasive treatment of the negative and neurocognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00875498
521 – Serotoninergic Antidepressants and Anticoagulants in Psychogeriatric Wards, Mental Hospital Kromeriz, Czech Republic - What shall we do to Prevent from Serious Drug Interactions?
Authors: Luzny J. , Blazkova M. , Honzak F. , Bican V. , Vyrostkova O. , Indrakova A. , Pospisilova I.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Both serotoninergic antidepressants and anticoagulants are widely udes in psychogeriatry. These drugs can develop drug interactions with subsequent risk of bleeding.

Objectives, aims:

To determine risk of potential drug interactions between serotoninergic antidepressants and anticoagulants serotoninergic antidepressants and anticoagulants with subsequent risk of bleeding.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of medical records and laboratory checks (INR values) in senior patients treated with serotoninergic antidepressants and anticoagulants (Mental hospital Kromeriz, Czech republic, year 2011).

Results:

In 15.5% of patients treated with combination serotoninergic antidepressant / anticoagulant the dosage of anticoagulant had to be decreased due to unwanted elevation of INR value. In 0.6% of patients the risk of bleeding was clinically evident.

Conclusion:

Serotoninergic antidepressants and anticoagulants are common drugs used in treating seniors with mental disorder and potential drug interactions between them should be taken into account.
523 – Datscan in Differential Diagnosis of Lewy Body Disease - Case Report
Authors: Luzny J. , Blazkova M. , Indrakova A. , Vyrostkova O. , Pospisilova I.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Differentiating Lewy Body Disease from dementia of Alzheimer's type might be difficult in clinical practice. Althought the clinical signs in both cathegories are well known, difficulties may occur in patients with incomplete clinical picture.

Objectives and aims:

Description of the case with incomplete clinical picture (women with unspecified dementia) and benefit of the DatCAN in differential diagnosis of clinically unclear dementia.

Methods:

Case report.

Results:

DatCAN helped in differential diagnosis of unspecified dementia. As the clinical picture of the case was incomplete and clinical diagnosis could not been done according diagnostic criteria, DatSCAN proved benefit in diagnostics of Lewy Body Disease.
536 – Acute Intermittent Porphyria and Cycloid Psychosis
Authors: Boersema C. , Daey Ouwens I.M. , Ruys T.A. , Gerrits M.C.F. , Vlasveld L.T. , Verhoeven W.M.A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited metabolic disease characterized by mutations in the porphobilinogen deaminase gene. This mutation may provoke neurotoxic levels of delta-aminolevulinic-acid and porphobilinogen, potentially resulting in an acute life-threatening clinical syndrome, characterized by psychiatric, in particular atypical psychotic, symptoms as well as severe neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms. Since the clinical presentation varies and symptoms are nonspecific, diagnosis is often made late.

Objectives:

Naming of alarm symptoms based on a recent case study.

Methods:

Description of a recent case supplemented with data from the literature.

Results:

The patient is a 46 year old woman who was admitted in 2007 with abdominal pain, an epileptic seizure and weakness, interpreted as a Guillain-Barre syndrome. In 2011 she was readmitted with severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, volatile psychotic symptoms and seizures, following a short period of excessive alcohol consumption. During admission she developed progressive weakness in the upper arms, shooting pains in the limbs and a feeling of tightness. Impaired abdominal breathing was suspected. Again, Guillain-Barré syndrome was considered, but additional studies did not support this diagnosis. Because of the recurrent character of symptomatology following alcohol abuse, acute (intermittent) porphyria was considered diagnostically. The dark-colored urine indeed contained significantly increased delta-aminolevulinic-acid and porphobilinogen concentrations. Additional (genetic) diagnosis follows.

Conclusion:

A recurrent disease course with severe gastrointestinal, neurological and psychiatric symptoms, following alcoholabuse, is suspect for AIP.
545 – Paranoid Schizophrenia in Kallmann Syndrome: Genetics and Psychopathology
Authors: Verhoeven W. , Egger J. , Onderwater T. , Hovens J. , De Leeuw N. , Hoefsloot L.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a genetically heterogenous and rare disorder characterized by the combination of hypothalamic hypogonadism and anosmia/hyposmia. In about one third of the patients, mutations have been identified in at least seven different genes. Apart from one published case report, virtually no data are available about possible neuropsychiatric symptoms in KS.

Objectives:

Studying the putative relationship between KS and schizophrenia.

Aims:

Investigating the genetic etiology in a patient with a clinical diagnosis of KS and paranoid schizophrenia.

Methods:

Detailed diagnostic evaluation including genetic analysis of an adult male patient with paranoid schizophrenia, hypogonadism and anosmia.

Results:

Psychiatric examination of the 28-years-old male patient disclosed negative psychotic symptoms only, following an acute paranoid schizophrenic episode one year before. He used 15mg aripiprazole daily and testosterone gel 20mg/gr. Hormonal panel showed extremely low levels of LH and FSH. MRI scanning of the brain demonstrated complete absence of the olfactory bulbs. Otolaryngeal examination disclosed complete anosmia. Neuropsychological assessment revealed subaverage intelligence distinctly disconcordant with premorbid functioning, markedly lowered speed of information processing, and impaired executive and social cognitive functions. Genome wide SNP array analysis and mutation analyses for the KAL1, FGFR1, PROK2, PROKR2, FGF8 and CHD7 genes, disclosed no genetic imbalance or any pathogenic mutation.

Conclusions:

This first report on a patient with KS and paranoid schizophrenia in whom extensive genetic analyses were performed, stipulates the need for studying a possible increased risk for psychiatric symptoms in patients with KS.
546 – Phelan-McDermid Syndrome and Atypical Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Verhoeven W. , Egger J. , De Leeuw N.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMD) is characterized by intellectual disability (ID), childhood hypotonia, severely delayed or absent speech, and autistic features without major dysmorphisms and somatic anomalies. Haploinsufficiency of the SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (SHANK3) gene in 22q13.3 is thought to be causative for the PMD-phenotype comprising, in addition to sleep disturbances and deficits in language and communication, several behavioural abnormalities and increased reactivity to sensory stimuli. Data about neuropsychological dysfunctions or psychiatric symptoms are not available as yet.

Objectives:

Investigating the possible psychopathological phenotype of PMD.

Aims:

Diagnostic evaluation of one geriatric female and two male adult patients.

Methods:

Detailed neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological examination of 3 patients with genetically proven PMD.

Results:

In an adult male with a history of mood and behaviour fluctuations, psychiatric examination at the age of 24 disclosed symptoms of a severe major depression with irritability, loss of initiative, and marked sleep disturbances. Severe ID and marked deficits in expressive and receptive language were established. After addition of nortriptyline to valproic acid, depressive symptoms gradually remitted. His older brother has a similar history but with less severe symptomatology. The 70- years-old institutionalized female patient, had a history of affective and behavioural imbalance over many decades. Monotherapy with carbamazepine led to acceptable stabilization. Genetic evaluation in the two brothers and the female patient demonstated an identical loss of 2.15Mb and a 610kb deletion in 22q13.3, respectively, all including SHANK3 gene.

Conclusions:

Provisonal diagnosis of atypical bipolar disorder could be made in all three patients.
553 – Pseudo-In Patient Smoking Cessation Treatment for Three Mentally Retarded COPD Patients
Authors: Vitzthum K. , Mache S. , Salamero y Mur M. , Marly N. , Foehse S. , Pankow W.
Published: July 2013

Nicotine addiction is still classified as a lifestyle instead of a disease in Germany, although recently established non smoking policies have shown remarkable effects on population's health and economic profits for health insurances. Scientific community is requesting more intensive cessation programs especially for certain patient groups such as lung cancer or copd affected persons. Mentally retarded have rarely been examined in terms of health risks or been in the focus of health promotion programs.

In January 2012 we conducetd a pilotproject with three mentally retarded COPD patients (2 male, 1 female). A flat next to the hospital grounds was rented for one week and patients were enrolled in daily cognitive behavioural, medical and sports programs. Meals were consumed at the hospital cafeteria and leisure time acitivities were planned by regular counsellors and mobile nursing services. Booster sessions were held twice monthly at their assisted living homes. One male patient was successful all at once; while other two accomplished smokefree day time periods supported by NRT. During first six months of aftercare several attempts were taken leading to a three week lasting smoke free period for the second male patient. Female patient did not have any further motivation to quit. However improvements in medical condition and quality of life were observed.

Intensified therapy might be a reasonable option for “complicated” patients.
555 – Sexual Function in Women with and without Children and Relationship with Marital Satisfaction
Authors: Pourakbaran E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Sex, family environment, which is a natural extension of acceptance and satisfaction in preserving the familial system is effective for delivery due to circumstances during sexual behavior changes. But it changes because of special conditions of women daring pregnancy and after child birth.

Materials and methods:

120 cases of married women (60 women and 60 children with no children), age range 30-20 years, with a non-random sampling Vbgvnh available at the health centers were selected Vmtb specialty Obstetrics & Gynecology.

Results:

Showed that women who have not yet lived through the experience of pregnancy and improve sexual function (p =) 0/017) and the nature of marital satisfaction than And the mean score for each group, the average sexual women without children 6/3 and for women with children 3/3 is.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that married women without children also benefit satisfaction marital sexual satisfaction scores than women who have experienced childbirth have gained.

And this is indicative of the important role satisfaction marital sex is important to mention that other factors are likely to determine the cause of marital sexual satisfaction, age, marital duration, economic factor have an important role in this field.
560 – Study and Comparison of Social Adjustment and Self Esteem in Blind & Normal Students of Torbat Heydarie
Authors: Pourakbaran E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The present study investigates and compares in blind and normal students.social adjustment and self esteem.

Methodology:

To this end, a 120-subject sample, 60 blind students (30 male and 30 female), 60 normal students (30 male and 30 female), 12 to 18 years old, were selected. In data collection, we have used Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and Gresham & Elliot social adjustment questionnaire; also Pearson Correlation Coefficient and T-Test were used to test the hypotheses.

Result:

Based on the Pearson Correlation results between social adjustment and self-esteem in blind students there is meaningful relationship. But this relationship is not meaningful for normal students.

Conclusion:

Comparing the average self-esteem in normal & blind students as well as social adjustment in blind & normal students, social adjustment in normal males and females, self esteem of blind males and females, shows no meaningful differences between both averages.

Comparing self-esteem in normal male and female students shows meaningful difference.
563 – Association of Cerebral Networks in Resting State with Sexual Preference of Homosexual Men: A Study of Regional Homogeneity and Functional Connectivity
Authors: Hu S. , Xu D. , Peterson B. , Cao L. , Zhang M. , Xu Y.
Published: July 2013

Recent imaging studies have shown that brain morphology and neural activity during sexual arousal differ between homosexual and heterosexual men. Whether the structural and task-related functional differences also exist in the resting state is unknown. The purpose of the study is to characterize the association of homosexual preference with measures of regional homogeneity and functional connectivity in the resting state. Participants were 26 homosexual men and 26 age-matched heterosexual men. The sexual orientation of every participant was evaluated using the Kinsey Scale. We first assessed group differences in regional homogeneity and then, taking the identified differences as seed regions, we compared groups in measures of functional connectivity from those seeds. The behavioral significances of the differences in regional homogeneity and functional connectivity were assessed by examining their associations with scores on the Kinsey Scale. Homosexual participants showed significantly reduced regional homogeneity in the left inferior occipital gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, right superior occipital gyrus, left cuneus, right precuneus, and increased regional homogeneity in the rectal gyrus, bilateral midbrain, and left temporal lobe. Regional homogeneity correlated positively with Kinsey scores in the left inferior occipital gyrus. The homosexual group also showed reduced functional connectivity in left middle temporal gyrus, left supra-marginal gyrus and right cuneus. In addition, the connection between the left inferior occipital gyrus and right thalamus in the homosexual group was correlated positively with Kinsey scores. This differences in homogeneity and fucntional connectivity may contribute to a better understanding of the neural basis of male sexual orientation.
569 – Practice in Mental Health Services in Argentine Prison
Authors: Jemar G.N. , Ninci R.J. , Jemar J.B.
Published: July 2013

The need to understand the behavior of prison becomes a complex process of searching for an effective approach from medicine and especially from the area of psychiatry that improves the quality of life for those members of our society who are under this type of system, and who suffer from diseases that your personal and family history, the environment in which they developed, the circumstances that led them to have to spend a large part of his life under the prison system, and all the features of this, influencing the development of the structure of the personality. The cultural characteristics of the environment in question, training of personnel responsible for the safety and health of residents deprived of their liberty, the building conditions, hygiene and food, are intervening variables that influence the process of behavioral adaptation and to shape the type and quality of life of this population while staying in a lapse prison system, and that will determine how future social interaction. It hopes to achieve a theoretical framework from which achieves an approximation to a psychiatric clinical reasoning for understanding the behavior of the residents of a prison service, and develop therapeutic alternatives that allow different tools approach propose to limit the negative impact on the structure of personality, and the detection and interpretation of behaviors that prevent distorting social adaptation current and future residents deprived of their liberty.
575 – The Pattern of Drug Abuse based on Demographic Factors in Drug Users Represent their Addicts in Quchan, Iran
Authors: Hashemizadeh H.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Addiction is one of the major problems and concerns of the world today. The first step in combating a social phenomenon or disease, knowing it is correct. To determine the demographic characteristics and patterns of drug use has been done in this area.

Methods:

This is descriptive cross-sectional study. The analysis of data in prospective study examines the characteristics of addicts who voluntarily to one of the centers in the city Quchan withdrawal over a year for withdrawal referred deal.

Results:

Of the 753 cases studied 75% were male and others female. Education (3 / 51%) of them were illiterate and elementary level. Consumables highest among these people (65%), syrup, and then (4 / 24%), opium (7 / 7%) Crystal (7 / 2%) comprised of heroin. In (5 / 66%) cases the main method of extraction used, (8 / 32%) percent of eating, (26 / 0%) injection, (39 / 0%) and was snuff. Inhaler and drink any case was not reported. Majority People (9 / 58%), the first female consumption of opium, (4 / 39%), syrup and only (26 / 0%), injection materials were mentioned. (2 / 60%) have a history of drug addiction had already.

Conclusion:

Considering that the majority of cases of addiction in this city in men aged 30 to 39 years, Married, employed, with primary education and illiterate, and have a history of addiction relapse form provided in relation to knowledge Damage of addiction with this group seems to be necessary.
580 – Supportive Text Messages for Patients with Alcohol use Disorder and Comorbid Depression - How Useful are they for the Patients
Authors: Agyapong V.I.O. , Milnes J. , Farren C.K.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Despite the potential for using text message technology to manage patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and comorbid depression, very little is known about the mechanism by which this improvement occurs.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to examine the perception of patients with AUD and comorbid depression about the usefulness of supportive text messages.

Methods:

Participants (n=26) with AUD and depression and completing an in-patient dual diagnosis treatment programme had twice daily supportive text messages delivered to their mobile phones for three months. Participants’ views were the sought on the usefulness of the supportive text messages using a self-designed semi-structured questionnaire.

Results:

Overall, 24 out of 26 patients were contactable for feedback giving a response rate of 92%. Of these 24 patients, 20(83%) reported that they always or often read the supportive text messages. 19(79%) patients expressed the view that they were either very satisfied or satisfied with the frequency with which the text messages were delivered with the same number reporting that the messages made them to feel supported by the team. 18(75%) patients reported that the text messages always or often reminded them to remain abstinent from alcohol. Finally, 20(83%) patients reported that the intervention had played a useful role in helping to improve their mental health.

Conclusion:

Text messages could help patients with AUD and depression remain abstinent and improve upon their mental wellbeing by providing increase support for patients.
581 – 6-Month Outcomes of a Single Blind Randomised Trial of Supportive Text Messaging for Depression and Comorbid Alcohol use Disorder
Authors: Agyapong V. , McLoughlin D.M. , Farren C.K.
Published: July 2013

Background and objectives:

Supportive text messages have the potential to provide personalised support for patients with depression and co-morbid Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). The objectives of the study are to explore the six months follow-up effects of twice daily supportive text messages delivered over a three month period on mood and abstinence outcomes for patients with depression and co-morbid AUD.

Methods:

Participants (n=54) with a DSM IV diagnosis of unipolar depression and AUD who completed an in-patient dual diagnosis treatment programme were randomised to receive twice daily supportive text messages (n = 26) or a fortnightly thank you text message (n = 28) for three months. Primary outcome measures at six months were Beck's Depression Inventory (BDIII) scores and Cumulative Abstinence Duration (CAD). Trial registration: NCT0137868.

Results:

Unlike at three months, there was no statistically significant difference in six month BDI-II scores between the intervention (n=24) and control (n=24) groups; 13.28 (SD=8.7) vs. 15.08 (SD=11.37) respectively after adjusting for the baseline scores, F (1, 45) =0.192, p=0.66. There was also no significant difference in CAD between the text message group and the control group: 84.14 days (9.20) vs. 74.73 days (28.97), t= 1.422, df=41, p=0.16. However, patients in the intervention group had significantly higher days to first drink compared to those in the control group: 119.9 (47.7) vs. 62.4 (44.9), t=2.99, df=22, p=0.01.

Conclusion:

The effects of supportive text message intervention were not sustained beyond the period that the patients were receiving the intervention.
582 – Study of Correlation between Terrorisim and Mental Disorders at Ibin-alhaithim High Secure Unit
Authors: Humaidi N.S.
Published: July 2013

Background:

It is generally thought that schizophrenia does not predispose subjects to homicidal behavior However; many previous studies have suffered from notable methodological weaknesses. In particular, obtaining comprehensive study groups of violent offenders has been difficult. Iraqi police have been able to solve increasingly percentage of homicides during the last few years with gradual rebuilding of infrastructure of police and judicial system; these bodies are totally collapsed after fall down of previous regime.

Objectives:

To study the sociodemographic characteristics of schizophrenic charge patients with homicidal accusation, and to find out the characteristic of victims of patients admitted in the secure unit.

Methods:

file system In Ibin-AL-Hiatham Secure unit where examined for various socio demographic data, the 118homicidal admitted consequently in the secure unit were examined between July 2003, and July 2008.

The files were systematically checked for DSM-IV schizophrenia criteria.

Conclusion:

The study revealed that the number of males dominant females, simply because males more liable to break the law than females, higher number of urban living offenders is over represented mainly because psychiatric services are more accessible to them than rural residents.

Victims are mostly of first degree relatives of the offenders. In an Arab culture however as Iraq is one of them, issues related to honor killing and male jealousy which are assumed to be of delusional nature in this study, are relatively frequent.
622 – Suicidal Tendencies in a Community Sample of Adolescents in the Region of Prizren
Authors: Fanaj N. , Fanaj B. , Drevinja F. , Poniku I.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

In many countries suicide is one of the leading causes of death among children and adolescents. Identifying young people at risk and offering effective treatment is a major concern of mental health policies.

Objectives:

To look for the presence of suicidal thinking, plans and attempts in adolescents.

Aims:

Measure the presence of suicidal tendencies having in mind possible correlation with psychological difficulties (measured by SDQ), level of depression, hopelessness and self-esteem of adolescents in one school sample.

Methods:

The sample of adolescents at school have been offered to fill out CESD, Hopelessness scale for children, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, SDQ questionnaire and four item adopted questions about suicidal tendencies. All data has been analyzed by SPSS 14.0.

Results:

In the sample of 768 adolescents (12-20yr, mean Age=17, 52) 22, 1% of them declared suicidal thinking, 3, 9% planed and 2, 2% attempted. About third of them didn’t find any reason for these tendencies. Females showed more suicidal tendencies but significantly only for thinking. Tobacco, alcohol and marihuana users have significantly more suicidality. Youths who declared more test anxiety have significantly more suicidal thinking. Significantly association is found between suicidal tendencies and psychological difficulties (emotional, conduct, hyperactivity and peers problems). Depression and high hopelessness also have significances. Suicidality is significantly higher in youths with normal self-esteem.

Conclusions:

Suicidality is much presented in our sample and showed significantly association with substance use, psychological difficulties, hopelessness, depression and normal self-esteem.
624 – Association of Apathy with Caregiver Burden in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: George M. , Whitfield T. , Walker Z.
Published: July 2013

Objectives:

The objective of this study is to examine an association between apathy and caregiver burden in amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Methods:

This was a retrospective cross sectional study. We selected 92 consecutive patients diagnosed with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment who had a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests and a behaviour rating scale of interest for this study recorded in the database. Correlation analysis was done to look into association between apathy and caregiver burden.

Results:

Apathy score was significantly related to caregiver burden in amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:

Our study has shown high association of apathy with caregiver burden in aMCI.
625 – Prevalence of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Iraq
Authors: Lafta M.
Published: July 2013

Iraq had been under sever stressful conditions for the last 4 decades. No previous national figures for the prevalence of whole mental disorders.

Objectives:

Estimate the prevalence of PTSD & its squeal among the whole country.

Method:

A national- wide survey with a sample size of 4500 had been done from Aug.2006 to March 2007. An International diagnostic instrument (CIDI) had been used to household persons & 4332 completed the questionnaire.

Results:

Prevalence of PTSD for life time was 3.59% & prevalence for 12 months was 1.63%. Elderly people were more prone to PTSD. The prevalence was much less than other countries with similar conflict situations.

Conclusions:

PTSD might be not the only squeal of the major traumas. People in different parts of the world might show different responses to traumatic events.
626 – Aggressive Behaviors in Schizophrenia - Personality, Environmental-Situational and Neuropsychological Predictors
Authors: Dutczak B. , Bidzan L. , Motak E.
Published: July 2013

Aggressive behaviors in schizophrenia generate interest not only experts taking care of treatment, but also public opinion. For the best part of society incidence of aggressive behaviors suggest that aggressive person is mentally ill. This oversimplification is one of the most important factors which lead to stigmatization and social isolation patients sufferning from schizphrenia.

Researches indicate that acts of aggression occur more often in the course of schizophrenia than in another mental disorders and it is beeing connected with psychopathological symptoms, personality traits and social environment. Sparse data suggest also as a reason of it worse functioning of frontal lobes in these patients, which may manifest itself in the form of emotional disturbances. The most typical symptom in this domain is difficulty to control behaviors which can lead to aggressive behaviors. In the literature, however, there is no model that would explain precisely connection of all of these factors connected with aggression in schizophrenia.

The aim of this study was to assess intensity and identify different kind of aggression, which occur in patients suffering from schizophrenia, and explanation of connections between aggressive behaviors, psychopathological symptoms and neuropsychological, personality and environment factors.
629 – Neurobiological Findings Associated with Internet Addiction: A Literature Review
Authors: Pezoa-Jares R.E. , Espinoza-Luna I.L.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Internet addiction (IA) is increasingly becoming a mental health problem in some countries, and its importance has been reflected in the proposal to include it on the upcoming DSM-5. Although IA was described more than 15 years ago, controversy still emerges regarding its existence and classification. Recent studies have shown response to pharmacologic agents in individuals suffering from IA, suggesting a biological substrate. In the last years, studies have shown neurobiological variables to be associated with IA.

Objectives:

Perform a literature review in search of studies that associate IA with neurobiological variables.

Aims:

Summarize current knowledge about the neurobiological basis of IA.

Methods:

We conducted a literature review of empirical research articles from PUBMED, EBSCO and Web of Science, using the keywords Internet addiction, genetics, MRI, EEG, event-related potentials, neurobiology. Articles published from January 2007 to May 2012 were selected on the basis of relevant information contained in the title and/or abstract.

Results:

We found 26 studies that associated IA with different neurobiological findings. Studies variables and results are summarized in a table format.

Conclusions:

Recent studies suggest a neurobiological component for IA. Anatomical and functional changes, genetic polymorphisms and impairment of neurotransmitter systems have been found in brains of individuals with IA. The reviewed studies did not evaluate causality. Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of IA could help dilucidate subjects at risk of having this entity, determine severity of disease, or lead to development of therapeutic alternatives.
639 – Psychotropics and Suicidal Behaviour- A Case-Control Study
Authors: Manchón Asenjo M.J. , Fructuoso Castellar A. , Vaquero M. , Escudero A. , Carvajal Garcia-Pando A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Suicidal behaviour is the cause of many frequent visits to the emergency room and is a serious health problem. The relationship between the use of a diverse range of psychotropics and suicidal behaviour is a cause of great controversy.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to see if there exists a relationship between the consumption of antidepressants, antipyschotics and benzodiazepines and the apparition of suicidal behaviour.

Material and methods:

A retrospective study of case histories and control groups was undertaken. The data was collated from the computerised clinical histories of in-patients at the “Unidad de Hospitalización Breve de Psiquiatría del Hospital San Telmo de Palencia” from 2006 to 2011. The cases used are those where the patient had a diagnosed suicidal tendency and for each case two controls we taken into consideration- age and gender. Exposure to the psychotropics was also taken into consideration in the three months previous to the appearance of suicidal behaviour. The raw odds were calculated and adjusted for severity of the condition within the confidence ratio.

Conclusions:

The anti-depressants are associated with a larger risk of suicidal behaviour. However the effect is not dependent on the seriousness of the patients condition.

The anti-pyschotics are associated with a reduction in the suicidal behaviour which is congruent with the effect which they have on behaviour.

The benzodiazepines are associated with a slight increase of suicidal behaviours and the effects are more evident in the patients with less serious conditions.
650 – The Psychological Distress and Aggressive Driving: Age and Gender Differences in Voluntary Risk-taking Behavior in Road Traffic Crashes
Authors: Bener A.
Published: July 2013

Aim:

To examine the effect of age, gender and psychological distress on driver behaviour and accident involvement and also to examine the differences in driving skills, driver behaviour and performance and its effects on Road Traffic Crashes [RTCs] in Qatar.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional and representative of 1824 drivers participated in this survey using socio-demographic information, Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ), and Driver Skill Inventory(DSI).

Results:

Mean age was 36.5 years for males, and 36.8 for females (p= 0.013). There was a significant difference between males and females regarding education level (p= 0.013). Significantly higher proportion of males (62% vs. 57%; p 0.035) having 4WD. More than half of females were using mobile phones during driving (51% vs. 39%; p < 0.001). Higher proportion of males reported usually excessive speeding as compare females (39% vs. 28%; p < 0.001). Mean scores of males were significantly higher on the violations regarding driving close to the front car pushing the driver to speed or get out of way (p= 0.012), disregarding red traffic signals (p=0.011), disregarding speed limits at night (p< 0.001) and on the motorway (p< 0.001). Overall, males were significantly higher skilled as compared to females (mean score 40.6 vs. 38.7; p 0.001). Significantly higher proportion of females involved in head on collision.

Conclusion:

Age, gender and use of seat belt, and talking on mobile were main predictors for motor crashes and injuries. The challenge for public health is to modify risk-taking behaviour in young males and females drivers to reduce dangerous driving practices.
651 – Factors which Influenced the Drug Overdose Mortality in Split-Dalmatia County in 1986–2005 Period
Authors: Marasović Šušnjara I.
Published: July 2013

The aim of this study was to research the drug-induced mortality and characteristics of overdose deaths in the Split-Dalmatia County in the period between 1986 and 2005, and in the war (1991–1995), pre-war (1986–1990), post-war (1996–2000) and period between 2001 to 2005. We retrospectively searched through Databases of the Department of Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Split, the national register of death records, the archives of the Split-Dalmatia County Police and the Register of Treated Drug Addicts of the Croatian National Institute of Public Health, according to drug poisoning codes IX and X of the International Classification of Diseases. During the period covered by study, the absolute number and rate of deaths from drug overdose have increased significantly. Quantitative changes were most prominent in the war period (1991–1995) when rates increased almost 5 times compared with the pre-war period (1986–1990). The deceased were mostly male, middle-aged, high school educated, unmarried and unemployed with a criminal record. The largest number of deaths occurred in Split and they were usually a result of consumption of heroin, alone or in combination with other substances. The research confirmed all proven risk factors for death from an overdose of drugs have been increased due o an unfavorable war and postwar developments.
663 – Parent's Stress during Adulthood, Induce Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rat Off-springs
Authors: Nahavandi A. , Niknazar S. , Aghandeh R.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

In competitive world of today, stress is not preventable. Stress may result in different behavioral, hormonal and/or molecular pathologies.

Objectives:

To our knowledge all the studies up to know, in this field is limited to stress victims, in their own generation not their next generation at all.

Aims:

In order to study any possible foot print of parent's stress on their off springs we planned this study.

Method:

48 male and female 250 gr adult rats were divided to four groups (n=12). Stressed and control. To induce stress, forced swim stress was administered daily 15 min for 21 continuous days. Mating between groups resulted in four type of pups.

Stressed both mother and father, just mother stressed, just father stressed, and non-stressed parents.

So, we can conclude that anxiety could be transferred from parents to offspring. off springs were studied at 30th day of age by elevated plus maze and biochemical studies for corticosterone plasma level.

Result:

Our results showed a higher corticosterone plasma leve and anxiety-like behavior in victim pups in comparison to control.

Conclusion:

Our results showed anxiety in victim pups, but not the pups with normal parents. So, we can conclude that anxiety could be transferred from parents to offsprings.
685 – “Community” in Psychiatry and Philosophy
Authors: Artemyev I.
Published: July 2013

Publications of recent years testify to perennial interest to problem of philosophy and psychiatry. “An affinity” of considered dichotomy concerns absence of “real” tool of diagnostic in psychiatry and in cognition of universal regularities in philosophy. Both in philosophers and in psychiatrists there are no special devices of cognition of the individual. This is only an imprinted virtual knowledge in difference from other diseases, where problem of computer primacy in diagnostic occurred. Here example with cognition of consciousness in psychiatry and philosophy may be introduced; the latter gives comprehensive definitions of this concept. In psychiatric practice, there is no tool, which could recognize delirium or amentia. This is only clinical experience of the doctor - the only “tool” of cognition - originally reflecting social-biological duality of nature of the individual. Summarizing medical experience is a particular method of scientific cognition. Theory of diagnosis considers diagnostic process as gnoseological - philosophical - in its essence. Diagnosis represents by itself complex cognitive process, which essence, as well as every cognitive process, consists in reflection of objectively existing regularities in consciousness of the individual. Understanding of the general, as gnoseological criterion of cognition, may serve a proof that namely community acts as a basic criterion of sum of information about considered by us social phenomenon - mental disorder. It has been noticed that knowledge of general appears to be the most effective in development of scientific investigations and in obtaining of new results.
691 – Internet Addiction and Sleep Disturbance Symptoms among Adolescents
Authors: Canan F. , Yildirm O. , Sinani G. , Ozturk O. , Ustunel T.Y. , Ataoglu A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Sleep quality is a relevant dimension with regards to sleep-wake functioning, and poor sleep quality has been found to be associated with poor academic achievement and health.

Objectives:

Internet use has been identified as having a detrimental effect on sleep patterns. Studies, however, on the relationship between Internet overuse and physical health or sleep problems have been rarely performed (5,6).

Aims:

The aim of this study was to evaluate Internet addiction among adolescents and to examine the correlation between problematic Internet use and sleep disturbance symptoms.

Methods:

The study was conducted among 1956 students, aged between 14 and 18 years. Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and a sociodemographic query form were used in the collection of data.

Results:

The students with Internet addiction were more likely to have difficulty in falling asleep (p< 0.001) and night awakenings (p< 0.01). Problematic Internet users and Internet addicts were found to sleep significantly less than avarage Internet users (7.1±1.5 hr/d, 7.0±1.2 hr/d, 7.76±1.5, respectively; p< 0.05). A significant positive correlation between daily sleep duration and IAT (r = -0.132; p < 0.01) and weekly Internet use (r = -0.085; p < 0.01) was found. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative and independent association of IAT with daily sleep duration (r = 0.235; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

These results indicate an association between the Internet addiction and impaired sleep. Further studies are needed to describe the causality of this association.