bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flavobacterium covae is the predominant species of columnaris-causing bacteria impacting the Channel Catfish industry in the southeastern United States
Authors: LaFrentz Benjamin R. , Khoo Lester H. , Lawrence Mark L. , Petrie-Hanson Lora , Hanson Larry A. , Baumgartner Wes A. , Hemstreet William G. , Kelly Anita M. , García Julio C. , Shelley John P. , Johnston Amber E. , Bruce Timothy J. , Griffin Matt J.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Columnaris disease is a leading cause of disease-related losses in the catfish industry of the southeastern United States. The term “columnaris-causing bacteria” (CCB) has been coined in reference to the four described species that cause columnaris disease: Flavobacterium columnare, F. covae, F. davisii, and F. oreochromis. Historically, F. columnare, F. covae, and F. davisii have been isolated from columnaris disease cases in the catfish industry; however, there is a lack of knowledge of which CCB species are most prevalent in farm-raised catfish. The current research objectives were to (1) sample columnaris disease cases from the U.S. catfish industry and identify the species of CCB involved and (2) determine the virulence of the four CCB species in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus in controlled laboratory challenges.

Methods

Bacterial isolates or swabs of external lesions from catfish were collected from 259 columnaris disease cases in Mississippi and Alabama during 2015–2019. The DNA extracted from the samples was analyzed using a CCB-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction to identify the CCB present in each diagnostic case. Channel Catfish were challenged by immersion with isolates belonging to each CCB species to determine virulence at ~28°C and 20°C.

Result

Flavobacterium covae was identified as the predominant CCB species impacting the U.S. catfish industry, as it was present in 94.2% (n = 244) of diagnostic case submissions. Challenge experiments demonstrated that F. covae and F. oreochromis were highly virulent to Channel Catfish, with most isolates resulting in near 100% mortality. In contrast, F. columnare and F. davisii were less virulent, with most isolates resulting in less than 40% mortality.

Conclusion

Collectively, these results demonstrate that F. covae is the predominant CCB in the U.S. catfish industry, and research aimed at developing new control and prevention strategies should target this bacterial species. The methods described herein can be used to continue monitoring the prevalence of CCB in the catfish industry and can be easily applied to other industries to identify which Flavobacterium species have the greatest impact.
Transient analysis of multitask learning over adaptive networks with wireless links
Authors: Hajiabadi Mojtaba
Published: October 2023

Distributed multitask learning over adaptive networks with non‐ideal links is studied in this paper. The performance of an adaptive multitask network with wireless communication links suffering from flat fading and additive white Gaussian noise is derived through simulation and theoretical analysis. The effect of the wireless link on the learning performance of a multitask network is analyzed. It is shown that this destroying effect is reduced by using local equalizers at each agent along with the intelligent cooperation policy based on the correntropy criterion. Stability condition, steady‐state and transient performances are studied theoretically. Finally, the theoretical results are validated by numerical simulations and computer experiments.
Investigating the Influence of Al Contents on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ni3Al Superalloy Fabricated by Twin Wire‐Based Direct Arc Energy Deposition
Authors: Zhang Meng , Yang Zhenwen , Ma Zongqing , Wang Zhijiang , Wang Ying
Published: October 2023

In situ synthesis of Ni3Al by simultaneously feeding both Ni and Al wires into the molten pool is a common wire‐based additive manufacturing technology for Ni3Al superalloys. However, Ni3Al superalloys within a composition gap still have not yet been synthesized. The optimal composition range has also not been investigated yet. Herein, Ni3Al superalloys with Al equivalents between 17 and 25 at.% are fabricated by twin wire‐based direct arc energy deposition by adjusting the relative feeding speed. Microstructural analysis shows that the solidification products generate no γ′ precipitation when Al content is 17 at.%. Al promotes the formation of γ′ phase, as the Al content increases, the deposited Ni3Al superalloys with 20–25 at.% Al consist of dendritic γ + γ′ dual phase and interdendritic γ′ single phase. The proportion of γ + γ′ dual phase gradually increases with decreasing Al contents, whereas the tensile strength and elongation gradually increase. The Ni3Al superalloys (20 at.% Al) with the most γ + γ′ dual phase exhibit the highest tensile strength and elongation (939 MPa and 25.7%, respectively). Fracture analysis shows that the dislocation decomposition and stacking fault shearing mechanisms allow dislocations to continuously cut through γ′ precipitations to maintain deformation, which is responsible for high tensile strength and ductility.
Next Generation Noble Metal‐Engineered Catalysts: From Structure Evolution to Structure‐Reactivity Correlation in Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Yan Rui , Xu Xiaohui , He Chao , Zhou Mi , Zeng Zhiyuan , Ma Tian , Wang Mao , Li Shuang
Published: October 2023

Noble metal‐engineered catalysts (NMECs) play an important role in promoting the practical utilization of water‐splitting devices in hydrogen energy systems. While owing to the complicated catalytic centers, diverse support structures, and changing microenvironments, NMECs still face many challenges when it comes to designing and analyzing the precise catalytic sites and activity‐mechanism analyses, which are crucial for their future developments. Here, this cutting‐edge review systematically discusses recent advancements in designing NMECs for water electrolysis, including the structure evolution, microenvironment modulation, structure‐reactivity correlation, and new horizons. First, the fundamental advantages, mechanisms, and evaluation methods of NMECs for water splitting are outlined. Then, the strategies to modulate the catalytic microenvironments of NMECs are thoroughly summarized, such as crystal phase modulation, alloying effects, crystallization degrees, size effects, and substrate effects. In particular, there are valuable perspectives on bond interactions, theoretical calculations, and evaluation methods to disclose the catalytic mechanisms. Thereafter, a special emphasis is given on structure‐reactivity correlation, performances, and water‐splitting devices. Finally, a thorough discussion of the upcoming difficulties and new directions for developing next‐generation NMECs is presented. It is believed that the review will have a significant influence on creating noble metal‐based catalysts in the field of electrolytic water‐splitting.
Reprogrammable 4D Printed Liquid Crystal Elastomer Photoactuators by Means of Light‐Reversible Perylene Diimide Radicals
Authors: Montesino Lorena , Martínez Jesús I. , Sánchez‐Somolinos Carlos
Published: October 2023

Reconfigurable soft actuators can be programmed to morph into different 3D shapes under the same stimulus exhibiting great potential for adaptive robotic functionalities. Liquid crystalline crosslinked materials programmed and controlled by light have demonstrated great potential in this area, however, their implementation is mainly based on azobenzene chromophores, using ultraviolet light that can potentially damage the device and its surroundings, especially if living cells are present. Here, an ink is presented, containing a green‐absorbing perylene diimide chromophore, to prepare light active liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) actuators via direct ink writing. Green light irradiation of the LCE elements leads to photothermal actuation, but also to new absorption bands in the far‐red and near‐infrared, ascribed to the formation of radical species. Far‐red irradiation results in mechanical actuation and, advantageously, a recovery of the original absorption spectrum. This reversible transformation enables spatial reconfigurability of the actuator's response to far‐red light. The reconfigurable system gives access to complex deformation modes by simply exciting the element with homogeneous far‐red light, without the need for any structural modification of the actuator. This material strategy, using green and far‐red light, less harmful than ultraviolet, shows significant promise for future development of reconfigurable actuators for biomedical applications.
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Self‐Assembly of Luminescent Pyromellitic Dianhydride‐Based Charge‐Transfer Complexes
Authors: Zhang Lulu , Feng Zuofang , Zhang Hongli , Zhang Yu , Zou Gang , Zhang Chuang , Lei Yilong
Published: October 2023

Using easily hydrolyzable brominated pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) as an electron acceptor, a wide variety of structurally stable binary organic charge‐transfer (CT) microcrystals that are stabilized by dominant intermolecular CT interactions is achieved. By varying the electron‐donating abilities of π‐electron compounds, the resulting single crystalline CT assemblies display tailorable fluorescence emissions spanning from green to near‐infrared. Upon implantation of a π‐electron donor anthracene (An) into fluoranthene‐PMDA (Fl‐PMDA), red and NIR emissions of ternary alloyed assemblies are substantially enhanced due to efficient energy transfer from Fl‐PMDA to An‐PMDA as well as structural complementarity between two CT complexes. Depending on the well‐matched epitaxial relationship, seeded growth of phenanthrene‐PMDA (Ph‐PMDA) onto the pre‐existing An‐PMDA microcrystals is also achieved, leading to core‐shell heterostructures with full and partial coverage. Such an epitaxial growth strategy is also applicable to the construction of microscale heterostructures of diverse CT complex combinations. The ternary Fl1−xAnx‐PMDA alloyed assemblies display composition‐dependent tailorable optical waveguiding behaviors. While An‐PMDA@Ph‐PMDA core‐shell microrods present wavelength‐dependent two‐photon excited fluorescence performances. The rational creation of these homogeneous and heterogeneous CT‐assembled architectures provides us a deep insight to investigate multicomponent functional organic cocrystals.
Understanding and Effective Tuning of Red‐to‐Green Upconversion Emission in Ho‐Based Halide Double Perovskite Microcrystals
Authors: Rao Zhihui , Cao Mengyan , Chen Zehui , Zhao Xiujian , Gong Xiao
Published: October 2023

Ho‐based lead‐free double perovskite microcrystals (MCs), Cs2NaHo1‐xYbxCl6, are synthesized and demonstrated to be promising optical temperature sensing materials by understanding the concentration‐dependent upconversion (UC) luminescence mechanisms. By optimizing the dopant concentration, a dominant emission shifting from red to green is successfully achieved in an activator‐rich system. During this process, the red to green emission intensity ratio (R/G) can be changed from 12.5 (pure red light) to 0.14 (pure green light). It is clarified that the cross‐relaxation (CR) process between activator and the energy transfer process between Yb3+ and Ho3+ are the key mechanisms of UC luminescence intensity and R/G ratio variation. Moreover, the intensity of red and green UC emission shows strong dependence on temperature, resulting from the competition between CR and energy transfer in the emission levels. The high‐sensitivity Ho‐based thermometer can be obtained by Cs2NaHo0.99Yb0.01Cl6 MCs with bright red UC luminescence, whose fluorescence intensity ratio thermometer gains maximum relative sensitivities reaching 0.68% K−1 at 400 K. The multicolor UC luminescence quantitative modeling mentioned here is crucial for understanding the concentration‐dependence UC luminescence characteristics and to optimize the design of the Ho‐based thermometer. This study can be an extension of the application range for perovskite UC materials.
An Ultraswelling Microneedle Device for Facile and Efficient Drug Loading and Transdermal Delivery
Authors: Li Zhiming , Zhao Puxuan , Ling Zhixin , Zheng Yanting , Qu Fengli , Chang Hao
Published: October 2023

The advancement and extensive demand for transdermal therapies can benefit from a safe, and efficient and user‐friendly transdermal technology with broad applicability in delivering various hydrophilic drugs. Here the design and proof of concept applications of an ultraswelling microneedle device that enables the facile and efficient loading and transdermal delivery of hydrophilic drugs with different molecular weights is reported. The device consists of a super‐hydrophilic hydrogel microneedle array and a resin base substrate. Using a special micromolding technique that involves hydrated crosslinking and cryogenic‐demolding, the microneedle part displays a rapid swelling ratio of ≈3800%, enabling the loading of drugs up to 500 kDa in molecular weight. The drug loading process using the device just involves incubating the microneedle part in a drug solution for 1 min, followed by 15 min of drying. The microneedles can easily penetrate the skin under press and detach from the base substrate under shear, thereby releasing the payload. Administration of desired therapeutic agents using the device outperformed conventional administration methods in mitigating psoriasis and eliciting immunity. This biocompatible device, capable of withstanding ethylene oxide sterilization, can enhance the efficacy and accessibility of transdermal therapies in research institutes, hospitals, and even home settings
Rational Design of Dual‐Mode Emitting Carbon Dots to Exploit the Synergistic Effect of Matrices for High‐Efficiency WLEDs and Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Li Jiurong , Zhao Xiujian , Gong Xiao
Published: October 2023

Long‐lived room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have been widely applied in various fields. However, achieving high‐performance carbon dots (CDs) RTP remains a great challenge. Here, a facile synthetic strategy is rationally designed for the synthesis of high‐performance dual‐mode emitting CDs by constructing rigid structures through the synergistic effect of the matrices. The obtained CD RTP powder possesses an ultrahigh photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 70.7%, a phosphorescence lifetime of about 0.45 s, and an afterglow that lasts for 15 s to the naked eyes. Most importantly, the prepared CD RTP powder can be utilized as a commercial phosphor powder for the fabrication of a high‐performance white lighting‐emitting diode (WLED) with a CIE coordinate of (0.39, 0.39), a high color rendering index of 93.6, and a color temperature of 3805 K for warm WLED. Especially the luminous efficiency of the fabricated WLED can reach up to 66.89 lm W−1, which is much higher than the values reported for most CDs‐based WLED devices. Additionally, CD RTP can be applied to advanced invisible inks for information encryption due to its excellent water solubility and can also be exploited for advanced information anti‐counterfeiting by utilizing phosphorescent properties.
Insights into the Anode‐Initiated and Grain Boundary‐Initiated Mechanisms for Dendrite Formation in All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Gu Zhengcheng , Song Dongxing , Luo Shuting , Liu Hexin , Sun Ximei , Zhu Lingyun , Ma Weigang , Zhang Xing
Published: October 2023

The formation of lithium dendrites severely hinders the practical application of all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs). The conventional view is that dendrites initiate at the anode and then grow into solid electrolytes (SEs), while a recent popular opinion holds that Li+ ions can directly be reduced at grain boundaries (GBs) within electrolytes, and these internal dendrites then interconnect resulting in the short‐circuit failure. However, whether the internal GBs or the anode interface dominates the dendrite initiation is still under debate. Herein, first‐principles calculations on the representative system, Li6PS5Cl (LPSC), are performed to investigate these two dendrite initiation mechanisms. The results show that the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) blocks the electron leakage, making the internal Li+ ions less likely to deposit. Combining ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations with theoretical models, the critical current density (CCD) for dendrite formation at the anode interface is predicted to be much lower than at the GBs, indicating dendrites are easier to initiate at the anode. This study reveals that the dendrite formation is governed by the anode‐initiated mechanism instead of the GB‐initiated one. These findings suggest that the anode interface should be a primary concern for designing dendrite‐free batteries rather than the GBs.
Bionic Blade Lift‐Drag Combination Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic Hybrid Generator with Enhanced Aerodynamic Performance for Wind Energy Harvesting
Authors: Zhu Mingkang , Yu Yang , Zhu Jianyang , Zhang Jiacheng , Gao Qi , Li Hengyu , Zhang Yuejun , Wang Zhong Lin , Cheng Tinghai
Published: October 2023

The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a promising technology with unique advantages for harvesting environmental high‐entropy energy like wind power. However, inefficient wind energy harvest devices have limited the operating wind speed and practical application of TENGs. In this work, a bionic blade lift‐drag hybrid turbine‐driven triboelectric‐electromagnetic hybrid generator (HT‐TEHG) is designed for broadband wind energy harvesting. The lift‐drag hybrid turbine combines the benefits of drag‐type blades enabling low wind speed start‐up and bionic lift‐type blades generating high torque, achieving an 11% increase in performance. The TENGs are designed with appropriate dielectric layer gaps to balance the output performance and friction torque and are independently driven by two types of blades to achieve self‐adaptive graded power generation at different wind speeds. The starting wind speed of the HT‐TEHG is 2 m s−1 and achieves a peak power of 202.4 mW with an energy conversion efficiency of 9.1% at a wind speed of 4 m s−1. The durability of the TENG is verified by continuous operation for 1 × 105 cycles with almost no performance degradation. Moreover, the HT‐TEHG can power a wireless weather station using natural wind. The study introduces a valuable approach to harvest broadband wind energy and enable distributed power for Internet of Things devices.
Computational fluid dynamics modeling and mass transfer study of an in situ gas production process
Authors: Wei Hui‐Long , Su Yuanhai , Pan De‐Tao , Luo Zheng‐Hong
Published: October 2023

The oxidation of cyclohexanone with nitric acid in microreactors, as a representative chemical reaction with in situ gas production, was selected as the model reaction for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. The reaction kinetics was coupled with the CFD model by user‐defined functions (UDFs) to obtain the velocity field of liquid phase, the concentration field of products, and the temperature field of gas–liquid phases during the reaction process. The simulation results were then validated by the experimental data. Based on the established model, the fluid flow behavior and mass transfer characteristics during the in situ gas production process in a microreactor were further analyzed. Finally, the effects of channel diameter and bubble velocity on gas–liquid interfacial mass transfer were investigated. This work provides an effective method for studying in situ gas production processes through modeling and simulation, which is valuable in the design and optimization of tubular reactors.
Systematic exploration of a decade of publications on psychiatric genetics in Latin America
Authors: Garro‐Núñez Diana , Picado‐Martínez María Jesús , Espinoza‐Campos Erika , Ugalde‐Araya Daniela , Macaya Gabriel , Raventós Henriette , Chavarría‐Soley Gabriela
Published: October 2023

Psychiatric disorders have a great impact in terms of mortality, morbidity, and disability across the lifespan. Considerable effort has been devoted to understanding their complex and heterogeneous genetic architecture, including diverse ancestry populations. Our aim was to review the psychiatric genetics research published with Latin American populations from 2010 to 2019, and classify it according to country of origin, type of analysis, source of funding, and other variables. We found that most publications came from Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia. Also, local funds are generally not large enough for genome‐wide studies in Latin America, with the exception of Brazil and Mexico; larger studies are often done in collaboration with international partners, mostly funded by US agencies. In most of the larger studies, the participants are individuals of Latin American ancestry living in the United States, which limits the potential for exploring the complex gene–environment interaction. Family studies, traditionally strong in Latin America, represent about 30% of the total research publications. Scarce local resources for research in Latin America have probably been an important limitation for conducting bigger and more complex studies, contributing to the reduced representation of these populations in global psychiatric genetics studies. Increasing diversity must be a goal to improve generalizability and applicability in clinical settings.
William Boven's 1915 thesis “Similarity and Mendelism in the heredity of dementia praecox and manic‐depressive insanity”
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Justis Virginia
Published: October 2023

Boven published, in 1915, his MD thesis at the University of Lausanne in which he examined 60 3‐ to 4‐generation pedigrees ascertained from admitted patients with dementia praecox (DP) and manic‐depressive insanity (MDI). He asked three questions: (i) were DP and MDI hereditary? (ii) were they the same or distinct conditions? and (iii) were they Mendelian disorders? Based on the rarity of environmental precipitants severe enough to cause disorder onset and the pattern of disorders in relatives, Boven concluded that both disorders were inherited. He found that MDI largely ran in families through direct transmission across generations while DP was only common in collateral relatives. Both pedigrees contained a substantial number of “psychopathic” (personality disordered) relatives in which DP and MDI pedigrees typically had, respectively, paranoid, and dysthymic/cyclothymic features. Boven concludes that their inheritance is largely distinct but not exclusive, as some pedigrees contained cases of both disorders. With assistance from Wilhelm Weinberg, Boven applied algebraic models with proband correction to rates of DP and MDI in sibships and found the results inconsistent with Mendelian transmission. His study represents among the first examinations, using “modern” methods, of the familial relationship between DP and MDI and the first published in French.
A cadaveric breast cancer tissue phantom for phase‐contrast X‐ray imaging applications
Authors: Rounds Cody C. , Li Chengyue , Zhou Wei , Tichauer Kenneth M. , Brankov Jovan G.
Published: October 2023

Background

As mammography X‐ray imaging technologies advance and provide elevated contrast in soft tissues, a need has developed for reliable imaging phantoms for use in system design and component calibration. In advanced imaging modalities such as refraction‐based methods, it is critical that developed phantoms capture the biological details seen in clinical precancerous and cancerous cases while minimizing artifacts that may be caused due to phantom production. This work presents the fabrication of a breast tissue imaging phantom from cadaveric breast tissue suitable for use in both transmission and refraction‐enhanced imaging systems.

Methods

Human cancer cell tumors were grown orthotopically in nude athymic mice and implanted into the fixed tissue while maintaining the native tumor/adipose tissue interface.

Results

The resulting human–murine tissue hybrid phantom was mounted on a clear acrylic housing for absorption and refraction X‐ray imaging. Digital breast tomosynthesis was also performed.

Conclusion

Both attenuation‐based imaging and refraction‐based imaging of the phantom are presented to confirm the suitability of this phantom's use in both imaging modalities.
Substrate‐Mediator Duality of 1,4‐Dicyanobenzene in Electrochemical C(sp2)−C(sp3) Bond Formation with Alkyl Bromides
Authors: Johnston Brandon , Loh Daniel M. , Nocera Daniel G.
Published: October 2023

Electrochemical approaches to form C(sp2)−C(sp3) bonds have focused on coupling C(sp3) electrophiles that form stabilized carbon‐centered radicals upon reduction or oxidation. Whereas alkyl bromides are desirable C(sp3) coupling partners owing to their availability and cost‐effectiveness, their tendency to undergo radical‐radical homocoupling makes them challenging substrates for electroreductive cross‐coupling. Herein, we disclose a metal‐free regioselective cross‐coupling of 1,4‐dicyanobenzene, a useful precursor to aromatic nitriles, and alkyl bromides. Alkyl bromide reduction is mediated directly by 1,4‐dicyanobenzene radical anions, leading to negligible homocoupling and high cross‐selectivity to form 1,4‐alkyl cyanobenzenes. The cross‐coupling scheme is compatible with oxidatively sensitive and acidic functional groups such as amines and alcohols, which have proven difficult to incorporate in alternative electrochemical approaches using carboxylic acids as C(sp3) precursors.
The Construction of Highly Substituted Piperidines via Dearomative Functionalization Reaction
Authors: Hu Miao , Ding Hao , DeSnoo William , Tantillo Dean J. , Nairoukh Zackaria
Published: October 2023

Nitrogen heterocycles play a vital role in pharmaceuticals and natural products, with the six‐membered aromatic and aliphatic architectures being commonly used. While synthetic methods for aromatic N‐heterocycles are well‐established, the synthesis of their aliphatic functionalized analogues, particularly piperidine derivatives, poses a significant challenge. In that regard, we propose a stepwise dearomative functionalization reaction for the construction of highly decorated piperidine derivatives with diverse functional handles. We also discuss challenges related to site‐selectivity, regio‐ and diastereoselectivity, and provide insights into the reaction mechanism through mechanistic studies and density functional theory computations.
Co−Co Dinuclear Active Sites Dispersed on Zirconium‐doped Heterostructured Co9S8/Co3O4 for High‐current‐density and Durable Acidic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Wang Ligang , Su Hui , Zhang Zhuang , Xin Junjie , Liu Hai , Wang Xiaoge , Yang Chenyu , Liang Xiao , Wang Shunwu , Liu Huan , Yin Yanfei , Zhang Taiyan , Tian Yang , Li Yaping , Liu Qinghua , Sun Xiaoming , Sun Junliang , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: October 2023

Developing cost‐effective and sustainable acidic water oxidation catalysts requires significant advances in material design and in‐depth mechanism understanding for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. Herein, we developed a single atom regulatory strategy to construct Co−Co dinuclear active sites (DASs) catalysts that atomically dispersed zirconium doped Co9S8/Co3O4 heterostructure. The X‐ray absorption fine structure elucidated the incorporation of Zr greatly facilitated the generation of Co−Co DASs layer with stretching of cobalt oxygen bond and S−Co−O heterogeneous grain boundaries interfaces, engineering attractive activity of significantly reduced overpotential of 75 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a breakthrough of 500 mA cm−2 high current density, and water splitting stability of 500 hours in acid, making it one of the best‐performing acid‐stable OER non‐noble metal materials. The optimized catalyst with interatomic Co−Co distance (ca. 2.80 Å) followed oxo‐oxo coupling mechanism that involved obvious oxygen bridges on dinuclear Co sites (1,090 cm−1), confirmed by in situ SR‐FTIR, XAFS and theoretical simulations. Furthermore, a major breakthrough of 120,000 mA g−1 high mass current density using the first reported noble metal‐free cobalt anode catalyst of Co−Co DASs/ZCC in PEM‐WE at 2.14 V was recorded.
Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Topochemical Synthesis of a Collagen‐inspired Covalent Helical Polymer
Authors: Rai Rishika , Khazeber Ravichandran , Sureshan Kana M
Published: October 2023

There is much demand for crystalline covalent helical polymers. Inspired by the helical structure of collagen, we synthesized a covalent helical polymer wherein the repeating dipeptide Gly‐Pro units are connected by triazole linkages. We synthesized an azide and alkyne‐modified dipeptide monomer made up of the repeating amino acid sequence of collagen. In its crystals, the monomer molecules aligned in head‐to‐tail fashion with proximally placed azide and alkyne forming supramolecular helices. At 60 °C, the monomer underwent single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) topochemical azide‐alkyne cycloaddition polymerization, yielding a covalent helical polymer as confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis. Compared to the monomer crystals, the polymer single‐crystals were very strong and showed three‐fold increase in Young's modulus, which is higher than collagen, many synthetic polymers and other materials. The crystals of this covalent helical polymer could bear loads as high as 1.5 million times of their own weight without deformation. These crystals could also withstand high compression force and did not disintegrate even at an applied force of 98 kN. Such light‐weight strong materials are in demand for various technological applications.
Box–Behnken response surface method for the synthesis of high‐temperature‐ and salt‐resistant filter loss reducers
Authors: Yang Fan , Li Da‐Qi , Song Yong‐Tao , Zhang Ying , Shu Wen‐Ming , Yu Wei‐Chu
Published: October 2023

Wellbores are destabilized by the immersion of a formation in drilling fluid during deep well drilling. To address this issue, in the present study, trimethylolethane triallyl ether (TMETE), 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylamide, and N‐vinylpyrrolidone undergo free radical copolymerization to produce a PTAAN filter loss reducer. The Box–Behnken response surface method is used to optimize the synthesis of PTAAN; the optimal conditions are 1 wt% TMETE and 0.1111 wt% initiator at 60°C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis are used to characterize the composition, micromorphology, and thermal stability of the PTAAN product, respectively. The synthesized product is resistant to high temperatures and salt under the optimal synthesis conditions. It has an API filtration loss of 8.2 mL for freshwater‐based mud, an API filtration loss of 13.8 mL for 20% by weight brine mud after aging at 220°C, and an API filtration loss of 29.5 mL at 150°C under high temperatures and pressures. Incorporating PTAAN into the base slurry prevents clay particle agglomeration at elevated temperatures and high mineralization, resulting in a broader clay particle size distribution and ultimately leading to the formation of a thin and compact filter cake.
Molecular insights into the anti‐inflammatory activity of fermented pineapple juice using multimodal computational studies
Authors: Tallei Trina Ekawati , Fatimawali  , Adam Ahmad Akroman , Ekatanti Dewi , Celik Ismail , Fatriani Rizka , Nainu Firzan , Kusuma Wisnu Ananta , Rabaan Ali A. , Idroes Rinaldi
Published: October 2023

Pineapple has been recognized for its potential to enhance health and well‐being. This study aimed to gain molecular insights into the anti‐inflammatory properties of fermented pineapple juice using multimodal computational studies. In this study, pineapple juice was fermented using Lactobacillus paracasei, and the solution underwent liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis. Network pharmacology was applied to investigate compound interactions and targets. In silico methods assessed compound bioactivities. Protein–protein interactions, network topology, and enrichment analysis identified key compounds. Molecular docking explored compound–receptor interactions in inflammation regulation. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to confirm the stability of interactions between the identified crucial compounds and their respective receptors. The study revealed several compounds including short‐chain fatty acids, peptides, dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids, and glycerides that exhibited promising anti‐inflammatory properties. Leucyl–leucyl–norleucine and Leu–Leu–Tyr exhibited robust and stable interactions with mitogen‐activated protein kinase 14 and IκB kinase β, respectively, indicating their potential as promising therapeutic agents for inflammation modulation. This proposition is grounded in the pivotal involvement of these two proteins in inflammatory signaling pathways. These findings provide valuable insights into the anti‐inflammatory potential of these compounds, serving as a foundation for further experimental validation and exploration. Future studies can build upon these results to advance the development of these compounds as effective anti‐inflammatory agents.
RETRACTED: Geo‐archaeological prospecting of Gunung Padang buried prehistoric pyramid in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Natawidjaja Danny Hilman , Bachtiar Andang , Nurhandoko Bagus Endar B. , Akbar Ali , Purajatnika Pon , Daryono Mudrik R. , Wardhana Dadan D. , Subandriyo Andri S. , Krisyunianto Andi , Tagyuddin  , Ontowiryo Budianto , Maulana Yusuf
Published: October 2023

The multidisciplinary study of Gunung Padang has revealed compelling evidence of a complex and sophisticated megalithic site. Correlations between rock stratifications observed through surface exposures, trenching and core logs, combined with GPR facies, ERT layers, and seismic tomograms, demonstrate the presence of multi‐layer constructions spanning approximately 20–30 m. Notably, a high‐resistive anomaly in electric resistivity tomography aligns with a low‐velocity anomaly detected in seismic tomography, indicating the existence of hidden cavities or chambers within the site. Additionally, drilling operations revealed significant water loss, further supporting the presence of underground spaces. Radiocarbon dating of organic soils from the structures uncovered multiple construction stages dating back thousands of years BCE, with the initial phase dating to the Palaeolithic era. These findings offer valuable insights into the construction history of Gunung Padang, shedding light on the engineering capabilities of ancient civilizations during the Palaeolithic era.
Advanced learning methods in maritime education and training: A bibliometric analysis on the digitalization of education and modern trends
Authors: Türkistanli Taha Talip
Published: October 2023

The minimum requirements in maritime education and training (MET) are set by the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW). First established in 1978, the STCW convention standardized educational procedures for seafarers. Since then, it has become the most influential regulatory document for maritime education. The STCW code had major revisions in 1995 and 2010. These amendments were in response to the recognized need to bring the Convention up to date. However, it has been over a decade since the latest amendments came into force, and over the past decade, new educational technologies and digital educational methods have developed significantly. Not only that, but technologies used onboard ships have also advanced considerably. Today, digitalization and the fourth industrial revolution are rapidly reshaping the maritime industry, as well as maritime education. These issues coupled with the disruption caused by the Covid pandemic increased the need for more advanced training tools and methods in MET. Concerns are rising regarding the need for more comprehensive rules that will better reflect today's educational needs and progress in the literature. This paper takes a first step toward addressing these issues by improving the understanding of the currently used advanced teaching methods in MET. This bibliometric review provides developments in the field from the perspective of educators and researchers. As a result, we discovered several narratives and literature gaps in MET. This article reviews the currently investigated subjects and topics, used educational tools and equipment, types of research, and main influencers in MET research. The field is still newly developing, but at a rapid pace. Newly developed tools and methods are increasing, but advances are also constrained because they are made to fit the decade‐old regulations.
Multifaceted TGF‐β signaling, a master regulator: From bench‐to‐bedside, intricacies, and complexities
Authors: Ahuja Sana , Zaheer Sufian
Published: October 2023

Physiological embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis are regulated by transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), an evolutionarily conserved family of secreted polypeptide factors, acting in an autocrine and paracrine manner. The role of TGF‐β in inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer is complex and sometimes even contradictory, exhibiting either inhibitory or promoting effects depending on the stage of the disease. Under pathological conditions, especially fibrosis and cancer, overexpressed TGF‐β causes extracellular matrix deposition, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, cancer‐associated fibroblast formation, and/or angiogenesis. In this review article, we have tried to dive deep into the mechanism of action of TGF‐β in inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. As TGF‐β and its downstream signaling mechanism are implicated in fibrosis and carcinogenesis blocking this signaling mechanism appears to be a promising avenue. However, targeting TGF‐β carries substantial risk as this pathway is implicated in multiple homeostatic processes and is also known to have tumor‐suppressor functions. There is a need for careful dosing of TGF‐β drugs for therapeutic use and patient selection.
Simultaneous Echinococcal superinfection in a patient with polycystic liver disease
Authors: Cicerone Ottavia , Lissandrin Raffaella , Brunetti Enrico , Maestri Marcello
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

Concurrent polycystic liver disease and echinococcus infection can hinder diagnosis. Surgery may be needed for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Multidisciplinary collaboration is crucial.

Cystic echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus eggs, is a parasitic zoonosis that typically affects humans through accidental ingestion. Polycystic liver disease is a condition characterized by the presence of multiple liver cysts and is often associated with polycystic kidney disease. Here, we present a case of a man in his 70s with a pre‐existing diagnosis of polycystic liver disease. Radiological findings of a suspicious cyst in the S4 segment initially lacked serological evidence of echinococcosis; however, intraoperative confirmation revealed the presence of an echinococcal cyst. This article aims to explore both clinical conditions and highlight the therapeutic considerations for their management. Moreover, we discuss the significance of this unique case, emphasizing the possibility of the coexistence of these two pathologies.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Furfural over Unsupported, SiO2‐supported or Metal‐promoted Mo Carbides: Tunning the Selectivity between 2‐Methylfuran and C10 Furoins Diesel Precursors
Authors: Sosa Letícia F. , de Souza Priscilla M. , Rafael Raphaela A. , Wojcieszak Robert , Marceau Eric , Paul Sébastien , Briois Valérie , Noronha Fabio B. , Toniolo Fabio S.
Published: October 2023

The hydrodeoxygenation of furfural (FF) over Mo carbides in liquid phase at 200 °C, 30 bar of H2 for 4 h in 2‐butanol was investigated. Unsupported and SiO2‐supported Mo carbide with different crystallographic phases (β‐Mo2C/SiO2 and α‐MoC/SiO2), and in the presence of Cu and Ni as promoters were studied. The reactivation treatment under H2 atmosphere of the passivated Mo carbides was investigated by XAS. The results show that Mo is present in different states of oxidation in the passivated catalysts, with more severe oxidation in the bimetallic systems, in which the original carbides are not restored after reactivation. Finally, the product distribution in the HDO of furfural is modified as a function of catalyst oxidation degree. Using the less oxidized Mo carbide (β‐Mo2C), a higher yield to 2‐methylfuran is obtained, while C10 condensation products are formed for the more oxidized catalysts.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks and Adaptive Neuro‐Fuzzy Inference Systems for Attenuating Effects of Temperature and Humidity on Sensor Accuracy
Authors: Tongpadungrod Pensiri , Laosuwan Saisunee , Moore Elvin J. , Phalakornkule Chantaraporn
Published: October 2023

The novelty of this work is the correction of measurement errors in a galvanic cell sensor, which might occur due to temperature and humidity variations, using artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). The training process for the ANN and ANFIS employed 540 data sets consisting of voltage responses of the galvanic cell to known oxygen concentrations, temperatures, and relative humidities. The trained ANFIS was embedded within a central processing unit (CPU) and tested on another 144 data sets with various oxygen concentrations, temperatures, and relative humidities. The deviations for the sensor with ANFIS were less than 0.5 % for 109 data points (75 %), and there was no deviation greater than 2.5 %.
Ferrocene‐Peptide Conjugate for the Detection and Quantification of Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Shao Tsuimy , Wang Junyan , Noroozifar Meissam , Kraatz Heinz‐Bernhard
Published: October 2023

Ferrocene (Fc) is a widely used metallocene, with well‐characterized redox behaviour that is vastly used in a variety of applications. Ferrocene‐coupling to peptides renders the resulting bioorganometallic peptide conjugate redox active and sensitive to changes in the chemical environment. The disulfide‐linked ferrocene peptide conjugate (FcCO‐Phe‐Cys‐OH)2 was synthesized and characterized by NMR, MS, and FT‐IR spectroscopies and then exploited for the detection of ascorbic acid. Here we demonstrate that the Cu(II) complex of this peptide conjugate allows the detection of ascorbic acid with a limit of detection of 0.02 μM with a linear range of 0.1–25 μM. This is the first report of the use of a peptide metal complex for direct modification of a glass carbon electrode and its application for ascorbic acid detection and quantification, including in commercial beverages. The modified GCE exhibited excellent selectivity, stability, and sensitivity.
Defect‐Induced Raman Scattering in Cu2O Nanostructures and Their Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Valvo Mario , Thyr Jakob , Edvinsson Tomas
Published: October 2023

Advanced oxidation processes using photogenerated charges in semiconductors constitute an approach to reduce and oxidize pollutants, with an efficiency that depends on the photo physics and defect chemistry of the photocatalyst. In this study, 2D Cu2O coatings on flat copper metal and on 3D copper nanopillars are created via low‐temperature oxidation and compared. The structures are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. The thickest surface oxide layers on the 3D structures show outgrowth of high‐aspect ratio CuO nano‐needles through the Cu2O layer, rationalized through a field‐induced copper ion diffusion mechanism. Raman scattering provides details about both the specific copper oxide phase present and the type and extent of defects, with a resolution spanning from hundreds of nanometers to micrometers. We show that defects in Cu2O induce Raman activity in several of its modes that are purely IR‐active or optically silent in pristine Cu2O. The experimental results are corroborated by linear response density functional theory (DFT) calculations for full vibrational mode analysis. The Cu‐supported 2D copper oxide systems exhibit effective photocatalytic performance at quite low probe pollution concentration (10 μM), while the 3D nanopillar structures enhance the photocatalytic efficiency by around 30 % compared to their planar counterpart under these conditions.
Highly Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Based on the Efficient Interaction between Pb2+ and Cyano Groups of 4‐Aminophthalonitrile
Authors: Duan Hairui , Lin Zhichao , Xu Xiangning , Song Qili , Dong Hongye , Gao Xiaowen , Mu Cheng , Ouyang Xinhua
Published: October 2023

Defects present on the top surface of perovskite films have a pronounced detrimental impact on the photovoltaic performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Consequently, the development of effective defect passivation strategies has become key in enhancing both the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of PSCs. In this study, a small molecule material, 4‐Aminophthalonitrile (4‐APN), was introduced as a means to mitigate surface defects within perovskite films. Obviously, 4‐APN effectively passivates the defects at grain boundaries by combining cyano groups (−C≡N) with Pb2+, significantly reducing the density of defect states, inhibiting non‐radiative recombination at the interface, and promoting the charge transfer efficiency from the perovskite layer to the hole transport layer. The 4‐APN modification led to a significant upswing in the PCE, while concurrently bolstering the overall device stability. Importantly, the devices on 4‐APN as passivation additive exhibited negligible performance degradation aging for 1200 h.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals at Chiral‐Encoded Metal Surfaces
Authors: Somsri Supattra , Suwankaisorn Banyong , Yomthong Krissanapat , Srisuwanno Wanmai , Klinyod Sorasak , Kuhn Alexander , Wattanakit Chularat
Published: October 2023

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Chularat Wattanakit and Alexander Kuhn at the Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology and the University of Bordeaux. The two tunnels in the image illustrate the entrance into a porous heterogeneous catalyst for the stereoselective transformation of adrenalone into the desired epinephrine stereoisomer. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202302054.
Mass transfer in emulsion polymerization: An experimental and modelling study
Authors: Gelinski Estela Kamile , Sheibat‐Othman Nida , McKenna Timothy F. L.
Published: October 2023

A model is proposed to describe the impact of interphase monomer transfer on the emulsion polymerization of vinylidene fluoride (VDF). The model is validated with experimental data of the rate of polymerization and particle size distribution (PSD). During a typical emulsion polymerization process, the VDF monomer is in a gas or supercritical state, and thus much lighter than the aqueous phase in which the polymerization takes place. For this reason, the flux of monomer into the aqueous phase can depend on the type, number, and distribution of agitators on the shaft, as well as the rotation rate. The new model incorporates the interphase mass transfer coefficient into a standard emulsion polymerization model to demonstrate the impact of the agitation (in the broadest sense) on the rate of polymerization and the PSD.
Redox reactions with and at liquid metals
Authors: Handschuh‐Wang Stephan , Stadler Florian J.
Published: October 2023

In diesem Beitrag werden neue Experimente zu Redoxreaktionen an der Oberfläche von Flüssigmetalle vorgestellt, wobei das Flüssigmetall entweder als Reduktionsmittel oder als Reaktionsumgebung Verwendung findet. Daher werden hier die Themenfelder „Redoxreaktionen“ sowie „Standardpotentiale“ und „Metallurgie“ miteinander verknüpft. Die Versuche bestechen durch ihren einfachen Aufbau, einfach Handhabbarkeit, da keine gefährlichen Chemikalien verwendet werden, den schnellen visuellen und einprägsamen Zugang zu Redoxreaktionen und die Wiederverwendbarkeit des Flüssigmetalls (Galinstan).