bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Security Mechanisms in the Building Blocks of the Cloud Infrastructure
Authors: Mohan Kowsigan , Palanisamy P. Balasubramanie , Kanagachidambaresan G.R. , Rajesh Siddharth , Narendran Sneha
Published: March 2019

This chapter describes how security plays a vital role in cloud computing, as the name itself specifies the data can be stored from any place and can be owned by anyone. Even though the cloud offers many benefits such as flexibility, scalability and agility, security issues are still backlog the cloud infrastructure. Much research is being done on cloud security equal to the scheduling problems in the cloud environment. The customers under the cloud providers are very concerned about their data, which has been stored in the cloud environment. In this regard, it is essential for a cloud provider to implement some powerful tools for security, to provide a secure cloud infrastructure to the customers. Generally speaking, there are some foundational needs to be attained and some actions to be combined to ensure data security in both cloud, as well as, non-cloud infrastructure. This book chapter concentrates only on the security issues, security measures, security mechanisms, and security tools of the cloud environment.
Cloud-Based Platforms and Infrastructures
Authors: Tanque Marcus
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing consists of three fundamental service models: infrastructure-as-a-service, platform-as-a service and software-as-a-service. The technology “cloud computing” comprises four deployment models: public cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud and community cloud. This chapter describes the six cloud service and deployment models, the association each of these services and models have with physical/virtual networks. Cloud service models are designed to power storage platforms, infrastructure solutions, provisioning and virtualization. Cloud computing services are developed to support shared network resources, provisioned between physical and virtual networks. These solutions are offered to organizations and consumers as utilities, to support dynamic, static, network and database provisioning processes. Vendors offer these resources to support day-to-day resource provisioning amid physical and virtual machines.
A Multi-Dimensional Mean Failure Cost Model to Enhance Security of Cloud Computing Systems
Authors: Jouini Mouna , Rabai Latifa Ben Arfa
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing technology is a relatively new concept of offering reliable and virtualized resources, software and hardware on demand to users. It presents a new technology to deliver computing resources as a service. It allows several benefits for example services on demand, provisioning, shared resources and pay per use and suffers from several challenges. In fact, security presents a major obstacle in cloud computing adoption. In this paper, the authors will deal with security problems in cloud computing systems and estimate security breaches using a quantitative security risk assessment model. Finally, the authors use this quantitative model to solve these problems in cloud environments.
A TPM-Based Secure Multi-Cloud Storage Architecture Grounded on Erasure Codes
Authors: Mugisha Emmy , Zhang Gongxuan , El Abidine Maouadj Zine , Eugene Mutangana
Published: March 2019

In cloud storage systems, data security management is becoming a serious matter. Big data and accessibility power is increasingly high, though the benefits are clear, such a service is also relinquishing users' physical possession of their outsourced data, which inevitably poses new security risks toward the correctness of the data in cloud. As a result, cloud storage security has become one of the driving components in Cloud Computing regarding to data manipulation trust on both hosting center and on-transit. This paper proposes a TPM-Based Security over Multi-Cloud Storage Architecture (MCSA) grounded on Erasure Codes to apply root of trust based on hardware authenticity. An erasure codes such as Reed-Solomon, is capable of assuring stability in storage costs with best practice to guarantee data accessibility failure recovery. A Multi-Cloud Control Node manages other Control Nodes evolved in the cloud; this work introduces TPM-Based Security functions per Control node in the architecture. This concept will resolve a number of storage security issues, hence Cloud Computing adoption.
A Framework to Secure Medical Image Storage in Cloud Computing Environment
Authors: Marwan Mbarek , Kartit Ali , Ouahmane Hassan
Published: March 2019

Nowadays, modern healthcare providers create massive medical images every day because of the recent progress in imaging tools. This is generally due to the increasing number of patients demanding medical services. This has resulted in a continuous demand of a large storage space. Unfortunately, healthcare domains still use local data centers for storing medical data and managing business processes. This has significant negative impacts on operating costs associated with licensing fees and maintenance. To overcome these challenges, healthcare organizations are interested in adopting cloud storage rather than on-premise hosted solutions. This is mainly justified by the scalability, cost savings and availability of cloud services. The primary objective of this model is to outsource data and delegate IT computations to an external party. The latter delivers needed storage systems via the Internet to fulfill client's demands. Even though this model provides significant cost advantages, using cloud storage raises security challenges. To this aim, this article describes several solutions which were proposed to ensure data protection. The existing implementations suffer from many limitations. The authors propose a framework to secure the storage of medical images over cloud computing. In this regard, they use multi-region segmentation and watermarking techniques to maintain both confidentiality and integrity. In addition, they rely on an ABAC model to ensure access control to cloud storage. This solution mainly includes four functions, i.e., (1) split data for privacy protection, (2) authentication for medical dataset accessing, (3) integrity checking, and (4) access control to enforce security measures. Hence, the proposal is an appropriate solution to meet privacy requirements.
Architectural Design of Trusted Platform for IaaS Cloud Computing
Authors: Kashif Ubaidullah Alias , Memon Zulfiqar Ali , Siddiqui Shafaq , Balouch Abdul Rasheed , Batra Rakhi
Published: March 2019

This article describes how the enormous potential benefits provided by the cloud services, made enterprises to show huge interest in adopting cloud computing. As the service provider has control over the entire data of an organization stored onto the cloud, a malicious activity, whether internal or external can tamper with the data and computation. This causes enterprises to lack trust in adopting services due to privacy, security and trust issues. Despite of having such issues, the consumer has no root level access right to secure and check the integrity of procured resources. To establish a trust between the consumer and the provider, it is desirable to let the consumer to check the procured platform hosted at provider side for safety and security. This article proposes an architectural design of a trusted platform for the IaaS cloud computing by the means of which the consumer can check the integrity of a guest platform. TCG's TPM is deployed and used on the consumer side as the core component of the proposed architecture and it is distributed between the service provider and the consumer.
A Comprehensive Survey on Techniques Based on TPM for Ensuring the Confidentiality in Cloud Data Centers
Authors: M. Arun Fera , Saravanapriya M. , Shiny J. John
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing is one of the most vital technology which becomes part and parcel of corporate life. It is considered to be one of the most emerging technology which serves for various applications. Generally these Cloud computing systems provide a various data storage services which highly reduces the complexity of users. we mainly focus on addressing in providing confidentiality to users' data. We are proposing one mechanism for addressing this issue. Since software level security has vulnerabilities in addressing the solution to our problem we are dealing with providing hardware level of security. We are focusing on Trusted Platform Module (TPM) which is a chip in computer that is used for secure storage that is mainly used to deal with authentication problem. TPM which when used provides a trustworthy environment to the users. A detailed survey on various existing TPM related security and its implementations is carried out in our research work.
CCCE
Authors: Jasim Omer K. , Abbas Safia , El-Horbaty El-Sayed M. , Salem Abdel-Badeeh M.
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing technology is a modern emerging trend in the distributed computing technology that is rapidly gaining popularity in network communication field. Despite the advantages that the cloud platforms bolstered, it suffers from many security issues such as secure communication, consumer authentication, and intrusion caused by attacks. These security issues relevant to customer data filtering and lost the connection at any time. In order to address these issues, this chapter, introduces an innovative cloud computing cryptographic environment, that entails both Quantum Cryptography-as-service and Quantum Advanced Encryption Standard. CCCE poses more secure data transmission channels by provisioning secret key among cloud's instances and consumers. In addition, the QCaaS solves the key generation and key distribution problems that emerged through the online negotiation between the communication parties. It is important to note that the CCCE solves the distance limitation coverage problem that is stemmed from the quantum state property.
Cryptography in Big Data Security
Authors: Jambhekar Navin , Dhawale Chitra Anil
Published: March 2019

Information security is a prime goal for every individual and organization. The travelling from client to cloud server can be prone to security issues. The big data storages are available through cloud computing system to facilitate mobile client. The information security can be provided to mobile client and cloud technology with the help of integrated parallel and distributed encryption and decryption mechanism. The traditional technologies include the plaintext stored across cloud and can be prone to security issues. The solution provided by applying the encrypted data upload and encrypted search. The clouds can work in collaboration; therefore, the encryption can also be done in collaboration. Some part of encryption handle by client and other part handled by cloud system. This chapter presents the security scenario of different security algorithms and the concept of mobile and cloud computing. This chapter precisely defines the security features of existing cloud and big data system and provides the new framework that helps to improve the data security over cloud computing and big data security system.
Security Model for Mobile Cloud Database as a Service (DBaaS)
Authors: Munir Kashif
Published: March 2019

There's a big change happening in the world of databases. The industry is buzzing about Database-as-a-Service (DBaaS), a cloud offering that allows companies to rent access to these managed digital data warehouses. Database-as-a-service (DBaaS) is a cloud computing service model that provides users with some form of access to a database without the need for setting up physical hardware, installing software or configuring for performance. Since consumers host data on the Mobile Cloud, DBaaS providers should be able to guarantee data owners that their data would be protected from all potential security threats. Protecting application data for large-scale web and mobile apps can be complex; especially with distributed and NoSQL databases. Data centers are no longer confined to the enterprise perimeter. More and more enterprises take their data to the Mobile Cloud, but forget to adjust their security management practices when doing so. Unauthorized access to data resources, misuse of data stored on third party platform, data confidentiality, integrity and availability are some of the major security challenges that ail this nascent Cloud service model, which hinders the wide-scale adoption of DBaaS. In this chapter, I propose a security model for Mobile Cloud Database as a Service (DBaaS). A user can change his/her password, whenever demanded. Furthermore, security analysis realizes the feasibility of the proposed model for DBaaS and achieves efficiency. This will help Cloud community to get an insight into state-of-the-art progress in terms of secure strategies, their deficiencies and possible future directions.
Data Security and Privacy Assurance Considerations in Cloud Computing for Health Insurance Providers
Authors: Tamunobarafiri Amavey , Aghili Shaun , Butakov Sergey
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing has been massively adopted in healthcare, where it attracts economic, operational, and functional advantages beneficial to insurance providers. However, according to Identity Theft Resource Centre, over twenty-five percent of data breaches in the US targeted healthcare. The HIPAA Journal reported an increase in healthcare data breaches in the US in 2016, exposing over 16 million health records. The growing incidents of cyberattacks in healthcare are compelling insurance providers to implement mitigating controls. Addressing data security and privacy issues before cloud adoption protects from monetary and reputation losses. This article provides an assessment tool for health insurance providers when adopting cloud vendor solutions. The final deliverable is a proposed framework derived from prominent cloud computing and governance sources, such as the Cloud Security Alliance, Cloud Control Matrix (CSA, CCM) v 3.0.1 and COBIT 5 Cloud Assurance.
Secure Mobile Multi Cloud Architecture for Authentication and Data Storage
Authors: Zkik Karim , Orhanou Ghizlane , El Hajji Said
Published: March 2019

The use of Cloud Computing in the mobile networks offer more advantages and possibilities to the mobile users such as storing, downloading and making calculation on data on demand and its offer more resources to these users such as the storage resources and calculation power. So, Mobile Cloud Computing allows users to fully utilize mobile technologies to store, to download, share and retrieve their personal data anywhere and anytime. As many recent researches show, the main problem of fully expansion and use of mobile cloud computing is security, and it's because the increasing flows and data circulation through internet that many security problems emerged and sparked the interest of the attackers. To face all this security problems, we propose in this paper an authentication and confidentiality scheme based on homomorphic encryption, and also a recovery mechanism to secure access for mobile users to the remote multi cloud servers. We also provide an implementation of our framework to demonstrate its robustness and efficiently, and a security analysis.
Data Storage Security Service in Cloud Computing
Authors: Abo-alian Alshaimaa , Badr Nagwa. L. , Tolba Mohamed F.
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing is an emerging computing paradigm that is rapidly gaining attention as an alternative to other traditional hosted application models. The cloud environment provides on-demand, elastic and scalable services, moreover, it can provide these services at lower costs. However, this new paradigm poses new security issues and threats because cloud service providers are not in the same trust domain of cloud customers. Furthermore, data owners cannot control the underlying cloud environment. Therefore, new security practices are required to guarantee the availability, integrity, privacy and confidentiality of the outsourced data. This paper highlights the main security challenges of the cloud storage service and introduces some solutions to address those challenges. The proposed solutions present a way to protect the data integrity, privacy and confidentiality by integrating data auditing and access control methods.
Cloud Auditor Loyalty Checking Process Using Dual Signature
Authors: Thakur Divya
Published: March 2019

We apply dual signature method. Providing security to the data from auditor during remote data possession checking by applying dual signature. Basically dual signature is a mechanism that is used to provide security during secure electronic transition protocol. The function of dual signature is to provide authenticity and integrity of the data. It links two message wished for two different recipient. In the case of providing security from auditor we use this methodology because it works on the basic of providing two links for two different recipients. In the case of dual signature customer wants to send order information to the trader and payment information to the bank. Here we use two links but not for the purpose of secure transaction but for the purpose of secure information exchange in remote possession checking.
Cloud Computing Applications in the Public Sector
Authors: Manzoor Amir
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing brings key advantages to the governments facing conflicting IT challenges. However, the cloud paradigm is still fragmented and concerns over data privacy and regulatory issues presents significant barriers to its adoption. Cloud computing is expected to provide new ways to run IT in public sector. At the same time, it presents significant challenges for governments, and to make the most of cloud, public sector organizations need to make some important decisions. Governments planning to migrate to the cloud are actively moving to harness digital services but with different focus, reasons, and strategy. However, the degree of cloud adoption by the public sector around the globe varies significantly. Most governments are piloting cloud computing but there are huge differences between each country. This chapter explores the state of the art of cloud computing applications in the public sector; various implications and specific recommendation are also provided.
Challenges of Cloud Computing Adoption From the TOE Framework Perspective
Authors: Al-Hujran Omar , Al-Lozi Enas M. , Al-Debei Mutaz M. , Maqableh Mahmoud
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing can be classified as a third-generation computing platform which refers to on-demand delivery of computing infrastructure and services via a network, usually the Internet. Cloud computing promises to provide several advantages to its adopters such as: cost advantage, availability, scalability, flexibility, reduced time to market and dynamic access to computational resources. Notwithstanding the numerous advantages of cloud computing, its implementation and adoption in developing countries is still limited and surrounded by variety of issues. Hence, the main objective of this article is to identify the main challenges facing the utilization of these services in developing countries, particularly Jordan. To achieve the above-mentioned objective, six in-depth interviews with ICT officials and experts in the domain of cloud computing were used as the main data collection method. The challenges of cloud computing adoption emerged in this study are classified into technological, organizational and environmental factors.
Impact of Technology Innovation
Authors: Suresh Niranjali , Gupta Manish
Published: March 2019

Cloud enables computing as a utility by offering convenient, on-demand network access to a centralized pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly deployed with great efficiency and minimal management overhead. In order to realize the benefits of the innovative cloud computing paradigm, companies must overcome heightened risks and security threats associated with it. Security and privacy in cloud is complex owing to newer dimensions in problem scope such as multi-tenant architectures and shared infrastructure, elasticity, measured services, viability etc. In this paper, we survey existing literature on cloud security issues and risks which then guides us to provide a section on auditing based to address the identified risks. We also provide a discourse on risk assessment frameworks to highlight benefits using such structured methods for understanding risks. The main contribution of the paper is investigation of current innovations in cloud computing that are targeted towards assisting in effective management of aforementioned risks and security issues. The compilation of discussed solutions has been developed to cater to specific cloud security, compliance and privacy requirements across industries by cloud service providers, software-as-a-service (SaaS) application vendors and advisory firms.
A Review of Security Challenges in Cloud Storage of Big Data
Authors: Usmani Sara , Rehman Faiza , Umair Sajid , Khan Safdar Abbas
Published: March 2019

The novel advances in the field of Information Technology presented the people pleasure, luxuries and ease. One of the latest expansions in the Information Technology (IT) industry is Cloud Computing, a technology that uses the internet for storage and access of data. It is also known as on-demand computing. The end user can access personal data and applications anywhere any time with a device having internet. Cloud Computing has gained an enormous attention but it results in the issues of data security and privacy as the data is scattered on different machines in different places across the globe which is a serious threat to the technology. It has many advantages like flexibility, efficiency and scalability but many of the companies are hesitant to invest in it due to privacy concerns. In this chapter, the objective is to review the privacy and security issues in cloud storage of Big Data and to enhance the security in cloud environment so that end users can enjoy a trustworthy and reliable data storage and access.
Trust Relationship Establishment Among Multiple Cloud Service Provider
Authors: Majumder Abhishek , Nath Samir , Bhattacharjee Arpita , Choudhury Ranjita
Published: March 2019

Trust relationships among multiple Cloud Service Providers is a concept in which multiple cloud service providers from multiple distributed Identity Provider can access resources of each other, only if they are trusted with their Identity Provider. In this chapter a scheme has been proposed to enhance the security of data in a multi-cloud environment by improving trust relationships among multiple clouds. The scheme is also designed to overcome interoperability problem between different clouds. In the proposed scheme concept of proxy is used. Client organization tries to communicate with multiple cloud service providers through proxy. Client organization send resource request to cloud service providers. On receiving the resource request the cloud service provider collect the authentication confirmation from proxy. Then it sends the reply and data to requested client organization. Numerical analysis and comparative study of the proposed scheme with some of the existing scheme has been carried out.
Cloud Computing in the 21st Century
Authors: Raisinghani Mahesh S. , Idemudia Efosa Carroll , Chekuri Meghana , Fisher Kendra , Hanna Jennifer
Published: March 2019

The constant changes in technology has posed serious challenges to top management teams, employees, and customers on how to collect, store, and process data for competitive advantage and to make better decisions. In this chapter, to address this issue, we present the managerial perspective of cloud computing that provides the infrastructure and/or tools for decision making in the 21st century. Since the year 2000, the interest in cloud computing has had a steady increase. (Mason, 2002) Not only has cloud computing substantially lowered computing costs for corporations, it continues to increase their abilities for market offerings and to access customers' information with ease. Cloud computing has allowed managers to focus more on their business plans and bottom line to enhance competitive advantage.
Trust in an Enterprise World
Authors: Gogoulos Fotios I. , Antonakopoulou Anna , Lioudakis Georgios V. , Kaklamani Dimitra I. , Venieris Iakovos S.
Published: March 2019

Web 2.0 technologies have fundamentally reshaped everyday users' perceptions regarding online services by strengthening the importance of individual participation. This profound change is expanding to substantially affect modern enterprise operations and especially corporate information management practices. Well-established business models are upgraded to capture value from the establishment of dynamic coalitions and virtual organizations among remote stakeholders. However, these collaboration formulations dictate the concentration, use, and circulation of corporate information and sensitive personal data, and thus ignite severe security and privacy concerns. Enterprises against this background are more than willing to invest in terms cost and time in order to enforce the necessary countermeasures and thus build and maintain the trustworthiness of involved operations. This chapter studies how legislation and inherent characteristics of this new collaboration paradigm affect the qualities of trust and highlights prominent features of security and privacy protection measures that can deal with emerging trust issues.
Applied Areas of Three Dimensional Virtual Worlds in Learning and Teaching
Authors: Ghanbarzadeh Reza , Ghapanchi Amir Hossein
Published: March 2019

Three Dimensional Virtual Worlds (3DVW) have been substantially adopted in educational and pedagogical fields worldwide. The current study conducted a systematic literature review of the published research relevant to the application of 3DVWs in higher education. A literature search was performed in eight high-ranking databases, and following scrutiny according to inclusion criteria, 164 papers were selected for review. The systematic literature review process was summarized, reviews undertaken by the authors, and results about the applicability of 3DVWs in higher education were extracted. A wide variety of application areas for the 3DVWs in higher education were found, and were classified into five main categories. Various 3DVW platforms and virtual environments used for educational goals were also identified. The results revealed Second Life as the most popular 3DVW platform in higher education. This study also found that by using 3DVW technology a wide range of virtual environments and virtual tools have been designed and applied in teaching and learning for higher education.
3D Virtual Learning Environments
Authors: Cinto Tiago , Leite Harlei Miguel de Arruda , Carvalho Sarah Negreiros , Peixoto Cecilia Sosa Arias , Arantes Dalton Soares
Published: March 2019

Heated debates involving reforms in the educational system are becoming more and more frequent in recent years, mostly due to the increasingly evident shortcomings in the educational system and its difficulties to evolve at the same pace as technological development. Since nowadays people spend much of their time interacting directly or indirectly with technological devices, one can think of using this involvement with educational purposes. Through this interaction people have easy and inexpensive access to a vast amount of information. In this sense, one can think of methodologies to improve education by focusing on the foundations of knowledge rather than the emphasis on the memorization of contents. Therefore, the aim of this work is to propose and validate an interactive content authoring system as well as a virtual classroom where lessons are taught by avatars in an attempt to make learning experience richer and more motivating to students.
Learning Patterns as Criterion for Forming Work Groups in 3D Simulation Learning Environments
Authors: Cela-Ranilla Jose Maria , Molías Luis Marqués , Cervera Mercè Gisbert
Published: March 2019

This study analyzes the relationship between the use of learning patterns as a grouping criterion to develop learning activities in the 3D simulation environment at University. Participants included 72 Spanish students from the Education and Marketing disciplines. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were conducted. The process was analyzed by means of teamwork measurements and the product was analyzed by assessing the final group performance. Results showed that learning patterns can be an effective criterion for forming work groups, especially when the students do not know each other.
Teaching and Learning Abstract Concepts by Means of Social Virtual Worlds
Authors: Griol David , Callejas Zoraida
Published: March 2019

Social Virtual Worlds are increasingly being used in education, as their flexibility can be exploited in order to create heterogeneous groups from all over the world who can collaborate synchronously in different virtual spaces. In this paper, the authors describe the potential of virtual worlds as an educative tool to teach and learn abstract concepts by means of programmable 3D objects. They describe the main experiences carried out recently in the application of these technologies in transnational educational activities that combine the Moodle learning resources and programmable 3D objects in the Second Life virtual world.
IT-Based Education With Online Labs in the MENA Region
Authors: Salah Razwan Mohmed , Alves Gustavo R. , Guerreiro Pedro
Published: March 2019

Education plays a primary role in developing countries, fostering their economy and augmenting their human potential. It is now easier to learn newest methods and techniques in many fields, particularly in engineering and science, where IT-based educational tools - such as online laboratories - have been instrumental to improve the teaching and learning process. Online laboratories are widely used in several universities around the world, particularly in developed countries. There is evidence that online laboratories have a positive effect on the students' skills and promote cooperative and collaborative learning by allowing them to work remotely without restrictions. This led to a quality increase of the teaching and learning process. Likewise, students from other countries, namely in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, could also benefit from using online labs. This paper studies the existing collaboration among the researchers working with online labs, in the MENA region, by reviewing a selection of articles from conferences and journals. The patterns of cooperation and collaboration among them are discussed and analyzed, as well. In the authors' opinions, the community characterized in this paper should establish more collaboration links in order to strength its capacity of influencing the adoption of online labs, in that region.
Using Augmented Reality Technologies to Enhance Students' Engagement and Achievement in Science Laboratories
Authors: Chang Rong-Chi , Yu Zeng-Shiang
Published: March 2019

This article aims to explore the impact of AR on the learning outcomes of college freshmen and their knowledge about the biology lab course. In a study, a basic biology lab course app was developed using AR technology. The students used this app to prepare for a basic biology lab course, and carry on self-learning without the help of instructors. The results showed that by integrating AR technology into the instruction, the students took on a more positive autonomous learning attitude; they were able to gain a better grasp of the basic biology lab knowledge through the interactive operation as well as cooperative learning. In addition, the students were found to have learned the importance of scientific knowledge with this interactive technology. The basic biology lab course app developed in the study offered the benefits of autonomous learning, situational simulation and interactive experience.
Creating Contexts for Collaborative Learning in a 3D Virtual World for Distance Education
Authors: Mørch Anders I. , Caruso Valentina , Hartley Melissa D. , Ludlow Barbara L.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the contexts that teachers can create to promote collaborative learning in 3D virtual learning environments. The authors report on the findings of a case study using the 3D virtual world Second Life in a preservice teacher distance education program. Two types of contexts are identified: social interaction (social context) and instructor's scaffolding (pedagogical context). The anonymity represented by avatars in the 3D environment allowed learners to engage in social interaction and practice collaboration skills. Scaffolding involved several stages: scaffold the students' learning of the new technology, plan the course structure, implement the procedures during the lesson, and facilitate transitions between activities. The study also identifies the potential for a third context (emotional context), as the participants—both the instructor and the students—report a need to express emotions in many situations, but the environment does not seamlessly support this mode of communication.
Mission HydroSci
Authors: Laffey James M. , Sadler Troy D. , Goggins Sean P. , Griffin Joseph , Babiuch Ryan Nicholas
Published: March 2019

Distance Learning through game-based 3D virtual learning environments has promise for helping rural and other communities that have become increasingly dependent upon online learning to meet the Next Generation Science Standards. The team developing Mission HydroSci (MHS) envisions a learning product that integrates a game-based 3D VLE with a learning progressions approach to curriculum and innovative methods for teacher support and learning analytics. MHS uses an eight level game which at each level immerses students in a simulation environment for learning about water systems and then requires the student to put that knowledge into practice in a context of developing their competencies for scientific argumentation. This chapter describes the vision for MHS at the beginning of the development process funded by a grant award from the Investing in Innovation (i3) Fund of the U.S. Department of Education.
The Epistemology of Skill and Knowledge Development to Teach Portuguese in a Virtual Learning Environment
Authors: Hadjistassou Stella Kyprou
Published: March 2019

This article explores the underlying processes involved as two experienced Portuguese as a foreign language instructors, who are novices to 3D technologies, became immersed in the epistemology of teaching in a 3D context. The two instructors undertook a challenging initiative to develop and deliver two sections of oral Portuguese in a 3D environment. Through the contingent support of a European community of practitioners, the two instructors explored how the game-based elements and other semiotic resources of SL could be used to enact affordances for the development of goal-oriented tasks, collaborative activities, and interactions in order to guide students in building their oral proficiency in Portuguese. The skill and knowledge development were examined with the trajectories of Compton's framework and epistemological theory where teaching in virtual contexts is contingent upon the construction of technological, pedagogical, and evaluation skills.
Techland
Authors: Occhioni Michelina
Published: March 2019

This work describes Techland, an OpenSim-based VW developed and owned by the author for educational purposes for middle school students. Techland is a group of islands focused on math, and science, where explore various approaches to VW, in different and mutually not exclusive learning sets and degrees of immersion. The main objectives are to simplify abstract concepts by using scripted 3D learning objects and to engage students offering a way to go beyond the classroom as the only learning environment. So Techland can be considered a giant 3D book. Activities range from viewing the contents of the world on an IWB, as a support for the teacher's lesson, to logging on the student's avatars into the world for exploration, producing machinima videos and collaborating together. Most islands are public access and reachable from other similar virtual worlds by the HG system, so other schools could take advantage from its contents or they could share projects. Techland has got the proper requirements to will become a meeting place between students and teachers who want to find new approaches to scientific matters.
Crowdsourcing Dispute Resolution
Authors: Luz Nuno , Poblet Marta , Silva Nuno
Published: March 2019

After almost one decade of active research into human computation and crowdsourcing, several approaches and business models based on crowdsourcing have emerged, managing and distributing work to the crowd. Dispute resolution approaches may incorporate crowdsourcing as a step to retrieve relevant data. The reverse relationship has also become a tendency, where crowdsourcing approaches are close to incorporate dispute resolution techniques to perform quality control and data aggregation or filtering. This chapter provides an introduction to crowdsourcing and its relationship with dispute resolution. A discussion regarding the apparent symbiotic relationship between these two research domains is also presented, along with an overview of several approaches and use cases of particular interest.
Transforming Crises into Opportunities to Generate Sustainable Business in Brazil
Authors: d'Angelo Marcia Juliana , Brunstein Janette , Mainardes Emerson Wagner
Published: March 2019

Meeting the sustainable development complex requirements in a scenario, which involves multiple social actors, relationships, contexts, and interests, has demanded new business models. Thus, this chapter discusses how one of the largest companies in Latin America's chemical segment formed a network with 23 social actors and has built a Corporate Social Entrepreneurship model to deal with the dialectic between return on investments for its shareholders and benefits for its stakeholders. Research was conducted based on Boje's narrative analysis. The data was built through interviews, informal conversations, textual and audiovisual documents, and non-participant observation. The chapter describes the Corporate Social Entrepreneurship model's elements and in this manner contributes to the discussion of the role of Academia, Industry, and Government in entrepreneurship.
On the Configuration of Crowdsourcing Projects
Authors: Hosseini Mahmood , Phalp Keith , Taylor Jacqui , Ali Raian
Published: March 2019

Crowdsourcing is an emerging paradigm, facilitated by the ease and scale of online connectivity, which harnesses the power of the crowds to solve problems and contribute knowledge. Crowdsourcing has been tried in practice and there are several commercial general-purpose crowdsourcing platforms on the web. Although the paradigm feasibility and impact have become evident, we still lack engineering methods and principles which aid the construction of quality crowdsourcing-based solutions. One of these aspects is the compatibility between the various configuration choices of the elements of a crowdsourcing project. In a previous work, the authors surveyed the literature and extracted a taxonomy of the various features which describes each of the four pillars of crowdsourcing: the crowd, the crowdsourcer, the crowdsourced task and the crowdsourcing platform. In this paper, the authors study the inter-relations between these features when configuring a crowdsourcing project. They start with an initial template and then confirm and enhance it by an expert study which involves 37 experts who applied crowdsourcing in practice and published research results. Their study helps crowdsourcers and crowdsourcing platform developers to better understand the several peculiarities that may arise by combining these features and thus assist them in the configuration of crowdsourcing projects with more awareness.
Developing an Integration Framework for Crowdsourcing and Internet of Things With Applications for Disaster Response
Authors: Dubey Rameshwar
Published: March 2019

The crowdsourcing and Internet of Things (IoT) have played a significant role in revolutionizing the information age. In response to pressing need, we have attempted to develop a theoretical framework which can help disaster relief workers to improve their coordination using valuable information derived using comprehensive crowdsourcing framework. In this study we have used two-prong research strategies. First we have conducted extensive review of articles published in reputable journals, magazines and blogs by eminent practitioners and policy makers followed by case studies: stampede in Godavari River at Rajahmundry (2015), earthquake in Nepal (2015), flood in Uttarakhand (2013). Finally we have concluded our research findings with further research directions.
The Business Model of a Public Social Partnership
Authors: Frączkiewicz-Wronka Aldona , Tkacz Monika , Arando Saioa
Published: March 2019

The authors discussed the dynamic evolution of the public management manifesting innovative and collaborative methods of social service delivery transcending the public authorities' individual boundaries. The chapter purposely presented the inter-organizational cooperation and public social partnership as an effective business model for public/social value creation unleashing the potential of public organizations and empowering social actors in democratic and collaborative policy/decision making. The chapter identified two public social partnerships in Poland and Spain. The research was conducted in the regime of constructivism. As suggested by R. Rorty (1982), the researchers posed a question as to why the research was being conducted and then adapted the research strategy to it (a case study). In order to analyse obtained data, the so-called thick description was used revealing the contextual determinants that influence the architecture of the researched models.
Creating Market Inclusion
Authors: Godinez Jose
Published: March 2019

Understanding how social entrepreneurship as a tool of financial development has been in the center of the entrepreneurship and management disciplines for the last couple of decades. These studies have furthered our understanding of how social entrepreneurship helps the most vulnerable populations around the world. However, much of the literature on this subject has been devoted to analyze how social entrepreneurship aids such populations in developing locations. While this chapter does not try to diminish the admirable work carried by social entrepreneurs in developing countries, it points out that an analysis of this discipline in a developed location is overdue. To initiate a conversation, this chapter analyzes how institutional voids can arise in a developed location and the role that social entrepreneurship has in closing such gaps and to include vulnerable populations in the formal banking industry in the United States.
The Crowdsourcing Scheme as an Innovative Management Tool in University Spin-Offs
Authors: Kopeć Katarzyna , Szopa Anna
Published: March 2019

Crowdsourcing is an emerging technique adopted by companies in the process of innovation. It can be also adopted by university spin-offs that play the significant role in the process of knowledge and technology transfer. In recent years, they have been researched from diverse perspectives. However, there are hardly any studies based on university spin-offs that have implemented crowdsourcing. This chapter presents how crowdsourcing business model might be applied to develop a university spin-off. The paper explains the rationale behind the adaptation of crowdsourcing by innovation-driven spin-offs. One overarching question of the chapter is “Can crowdsourcing be well adopted by university spin-offs?” Our study will open new paths for research and discussion, and its results will be supportive for decision making in the context of innovation and entrepreneurship. The logic of this paper is to speculate how university spin-offs can create value with the groups of online users through adopting crowdsourcing in its operation.
Disruption and Deception in Crowdsourcing
Authors: Onuchowska Agnieszka , de Vreede Gert-Jan
Published: March 2019

While crowdsourcing has become increasingly popular among organizations, it also has become increasingly susceptible to unethical and malicious activities. This article discusses recent examples of disruptive and deceptive efforts on crowdsourcing sites, which impacted the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the crowdsourcing efforts' service, stakeholders, and data. From these examples, the authors derive an organizing framework of risk types associated with disruption and deception in crowdsourcing based on commonalities among incidents. The framework includes prank activities, the intentional placement of false information, hacking attempts, DDoS attacks, botnet attacks, privacy violation attempts, and data breaches. Finally, the authors discuss example controls that can assist in identifying and mitigating disruption and deception risks in crowdsourcing.
Social Entrepreneurship and Social Inclusion in Peru
Authors: Martinez Piedad Cristina , Salazar Erick Oswaldo , Buelvas Armando Miguel
Published: March 2019

The objective of this chapter is to explore social inclusion in Peru from a case of social entrepreneurship located in Peru. The main factor associated with social exclusion in Peru is poverty, while the factors associated with social inclusion are advances reached in education, job creation, creation of social enterprises and consolidation of an ecosystem for the creation of companies. The main characteristics of the entrepreneur are the ability to identify context and opportunities, perceived self-efficacy, not fear of achieving their visions and goals, the need to generate social change, the ability to participate in networks and a high level of training. The main characteristics of social entrepreneurship are the creation of social value and innovation, provide a quality service and the benefits granted to its clients, facilitate access to a decent job or the creation of their own company; the access to social security through an employment contract; and salary that may allow them to access the necessary resources to achieve their well-being.
Value Creation in Business-to-Business Crowd Sourcing
Authors: Helander Nina , Kärkkäinen Hannu , Jussila Jari
Published: March 2019

In knowledge society the utilization of social media as a communication channel between people, groups and even companies is increasing. Current innovation and social media research has already shown the potential of crowdsourcing in the business-to-consumer (B2C) markets. The authors argue in this paper, however, that crowdsourcing has a great and yet partly undiscovered potential also in the context of business-to-business (B2B) markets. In order to get the full potential, a more detailed understanding of the logic of value creation in crowdsourcing activities between multiple stakeholders in B2B context is needed. This paper presents an exploratory study that is carried out as an empirical netnography-based multiple case study. The study opens up potential future research avenues by starting the discussion of value creation logic in B2B crowdsourcing. Practical implications are created through cases revealing what kind of value companies have already been able to gain from crowdsourcing in B2B context.
Knowledge Creation, Management, and Dissemination in Impact Communities
Authors: Melro Ana , Oliveira Lídia
Published: March 2019

This chapter's mission is to reflect on the steps taken by knowledge (creation, management, and dissemination) in an impact community (IC). Also, it aims to analyze how this knowledge can be capitalized by the IC itself, as well as other ICs, through the replication of good practices. To this end, importance is attached to several stages of the existence of knowledge in an IC: 1) individual knowledge, which each single person carries and integrates into an IC when he/she becomes a member; 2) the combination of all the individual knowledge, which forces one to think in a knowledge management; 3) the moments of knowledge sharing; and 4) the internal and external dissemination of this knowledge. These last two dynamics—sharing and dissemination—result in a replication and multiplication of existing knowledge in an IC.