bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prenatal detection of Trisomy 18q: Edwards syndrome
Authors: Šljivančanin Dragiša , Tadić Jasmina , Šango Violeta , Zdelar-Stojanović Ljiljana , Petrović Bojana
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Most fetuses with trisomy 18 have an abnormal ultrasound results. Trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 18 is an important factor in the development of the phenotype of Edwards syndrome. Case report: A 28 year old woman, in 24th gestational week of her first pregnancy, was referred to our clinic for genetic counseling, after combined screening for aneuploidies in the first trimester of her pregnancy showed increased risk for trisomy 13 and 18, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) from amniotic fluid results were obtained only for chromosomes 13, 21 and sex chromosomes, showing euploid constitution, but for the chromosome 18 there were no findings. After careful analysis of the obtained results, geneticist suggested a thorough ultrasonography examination of the fetus that showed polyhydramnion, asymmetrical ventriculomegaly and agenesis of corpus callosum. Consequent cytogenetic analysis showed karyotype 46,XX,-13,+der(13),t(13;18)(p11;q11). Parents had normal karyotypes, so finding of trisomy 18q in fetus, is due to de novo translocation. After genetic counseling, on parents demand and after ethic committee approval, this pregnancy was terminated and autopsy revealed dysmorphic facial features (including triangular face, low-set ears, short palpebral fissures), clenched hands, ventriculomegaly, choroid plexus cysts, partial agenesis of corpus callosum, subaortic ventricular septum defect, bilateral, trilobate lungs and saccular stage of lung development. Conclusion: Karyotyping of fetuses with high risk for chromosomal disorders is necessary not only for the confirmation of clinical diagnosis, but also for a proper genetic counseling.
Evaluation of optimal economic and technical indicators for agriculture stock trading decision
Authors: Kuzman Boris , Petković Biljana , Petković Dalibor
Published: May 2022

The main goal of the research was to determine which indicators are the most impactful on the buy and sell triggers of stocks to maximize profits of the trade. The aim was to determine the agriculture stock price movements based on economic and technical indicators. The investors in the stock market want to maximize trade profits by buying or selling the stocks. Technical and economic analyses are conducted to determine whether to sell or buy agriculture stocks. Since many factors could impact stocks profit decisions, it is essential to determine which parameter has more or less influence on the decision. For such a purpose adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was used since the method is suitable for redundant and nonlinear data. Generally, technical indicators are more valuable and impactful for agricultural stock trading decision-making. Technical indicator moving average convergence and divergence (MACD) strongly influences the stock trading decision. Economic indicator relative change after smoothing 15 days federal rate has the most decisive influence on the stock trading decision.
Investigating the impact of foreign direct investment and export on the economic growth of the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Obradović Jelena , Dmitrović Mirjana , Mitić Petar
Published: May 2022

Given that foreign direct investment and exports are one of the primary drivers of global economic integration, numerous authors have studied them. According to the findings of numerous empirical research, foreign direct investment and exports have a positive impact on economic growth. However, little research sheds light on this relationship in the Republic of Serbia. Therefore, the objective of this paper is precisely to analyze the relationship between foreign direct investments and exports on the economic growth in Serbia. We use multiple linear regression to examine the relationship between economic growth, foreign direct investment, and exports from 2001 to 2020. According to the results, both foreign direct investments and exports positively impact economic growth in Serbia. The study's findings can be used to design and improve numerous strategies and policies for Serbia's future economic growth and development.
Business reorganization as a way of resolving insolvency
Authors: Milošević Isidora
Published: May 2022

A long-term insolvency period usually precedes commencement of bankruptcy proceeding, by which time a debtor has already used up most of their assets. Such company has already lost its place on the market, been abandoned by the company's best workers, and has not maintained or renewed the equipment. These are all indicators of the company's need of fresh capital required for effective reorganization. Reorganization provides the debtor with an opportunity to ''revive'', provided that reorganization has to be cost-efficient for the creditors, who will make decision on the course of action, toward insolvency or bankruptcy. Bankruptcy proceeding should be completed with as low costs as possible, as soon as possible and as effective outcomes as possible in order to ensure a regular economic course. The legal system can generate fundamental risk factors for bankruptcy, whereby not only regulations but rather implementation of the law are involved. Duration and costs of a bankruptcy proceeding, and sometimes incompetent bankruptcy administrators and other people involved in the proceeding can add to the debtor's bad position and further deepen insolvency of the business entities involved. Bankruptcy reorganization also affects existing agreements between the debtor and creditors but measures affecting rights of the owner of all the debtor's assets may also apply, which essentially includes their private property. The aim is to sustain functioning of the business entity as a unit including all its business relationships and employees because this can assign the business entity the value higher than the value of individual sales of the debtor's assets.
An evaluation of HVAC control panel in passenger cars
Authors: Ružić Dragan
Published: May 2022

The HVAC control panels of a sample of 10 passenger cars were investigated and evaluated in terms of the type and layout of the controls. The evaluation method of the layout for the same task execution is based on Keystroke Level Model (KLM). According to this method, the results in the manual adjustment of the AC parameters with rotary knobs were better than in the panel with the push buttons, for the same function. The automatic AC control significantly reduces the time and number of actions, thus reducing the driver's workload for the HVAC setting. However, the automatic operation could not provide preferable thermal conditions under some conditions or because of individual preferences, making a manual readjustment necessary
Planning and development of sustanable logistics systems at a micro-level
Authors: Kovač Milovan , Tadić Snežana , Krstić Mladen
Published: May 2022

The sustainability of urban areas is for decades a controversial point in the issues of sustainable development. Inefficient realization of logistics activities in urban areas results in numerous negative effects on sustainability. Especially unsustainable consequences are those of the dominant road transportation role in urban goods delivery. Achieving sustainability at a micro-level is possible only with the planning of city logistics (CL) systems through the development of different logistics centres categories, flow consolidation, cooperation, and intensive application of alternative transportation modes. The planning of CL systems is a complex task that involves several stakeholders with complex interrelationships and conflicting goals. This article indicates the importance of CL planning in achieving local, micro sustainability. Main stakeholders, criteria, and CL concepts are described in the article. In accordance with the existing literature in the field, new technologies, and approaches, seven potentially sustainable CL concepts are defined.
Assessment of the driver's driving style using supervised machine learning
Authors: Janković Slađana , Vujanović Davor , Zdravković Stefan , Stokić Marko
Published: May 2022

Supervised machine learning can be an effective method of predicting a target variable, depending on current values of independent attributes, if historical data containing values of independent attributes and target variables in the past is available and if some machine learning algorithm gives good results on the available data set. In this research, the aim was to show whether the method of supervised machine learning can be successfully applied in assessing the driver's driving style in terms of fuel consumption, if as independent attributes, i.e. parameters that affect the assessment of driving take: engine speed, percentage of accelerator pedal pressure and vehicle acceleration. Training, validation, testing and application of machine learning models were performed in the Weka software tool. The following seven machine learning algorithms were applied to the data sets for model training and testing: LinearRegression, MultilayerPerceptron, IBk (k-nearest neighbors), M5P, Random Forest, Random Tree and REPTree. The best performance was shown by models based on the IBk and Random Forest algorithms. As a final result of this research, predicted scores of the driver's driving style in the interval of one second were obtained. The final score of the driver's driving style was calculated as the arithmetic mean of the predicted driving scores for each second.
Terahertz liquid crystal phase shifter based on metamaterial composite structure
Authors: Chen Wen-Bo , Chen He-Ming ,   College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China,   Bell Honors School, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
Published: May 2022

In order to solve the problems of large, uncontrollable insertion loss and small phase shift of the existing terahertz phase shifters, in this work a kind of terahertz phase shifter realized by a simple metamaterial composite structure is designed. The device is composed of four layers in structure, they from top to bottom, being an L-shaped metal resonance layer, a liquid crystal layer, a bow-shaped metal layer, and a quartz substrate layer. By applying a bias voltage to the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer, the deflection angle α of the director of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal cell is changed, so that the effective refractive index of the liquid crystal changes, and the phase of the device also changes accordingly, thereby achieving the purpose of dynamic phase control. The performances of the upper metal layer, the lower metal layer and liquid crystal layer are optimized and compared with each other. The performance characteristics of the phase shifter under different values of deflection angle α and different values of incident angle θ are analyzed by frequency domain finite integration method. Through the simulation optimization and comparison of the size of the upper and lower metal layers and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, the optimum is obtained. The simulation results show that the transmittance of the terahertz liquid crystal phase shifter can reach 0.968 in a frequency between 1.68–1.78 THz, and the insertion loss can be as low as 0.3 dB. When the frequency is 1.7396 THz, the maximum phase shift of the terahertz phase shifter is 352.625°. The phase shift exceeds 352° in a frequency range of 1.7315–1.7396 THz (Bandwidth is 8.1 GHz). This simple metamaterial multilayer structure provides a new method of controlling terahertz waves, and has broad application prospects in terahertz imaging, sensing and other fields.
Large electrostrictive coefficients of BaTiO3-based lead-free ceramics
Authors: Chen Xiao-Ming , Li Guo-Rong ,   School of Materials and Energy Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China,   Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicro-displacement actuators have important applications in aerospace, semiconductor, industry and other fields. Now most of the lead-based piezoelectric ceramics are used in the market. In consideration of environmental protection and legal restriction, it is urgent to develop lead-free ceramic materials with excellent electrostrictive properties. As a kind of ABO3-type ferroelectrics, (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O3 lead-free ceramics have attracted a lot of attention because of their high piezoelectricity. In this work, (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Ti0.9Zr0.1)O3 (BCTZ) ceramics with high electrostrictive coefficient are prepared by the solid-state method. The effects of sintering temperature on the structures and electrical properties of BCTZ ceramics are studied. The results show that the sintering temperature can help to improve density and grain growth of BCTZ ceramic.There are no impurity phases in the BCTZ ceramic systems, and all samples show ABO3-type perovskite structures. At room temperature, the crystal structure of BCTZ ceramic forms coexistence of orthogonal (O)-tetragonal (T) phase. The dielectric peak of BCTZ ceramic is widened, and the Curie temperature reaches a maximum value of 110 ℃ when Ts = 1300 ℃. With the increase of sintering temperature, the dielectric peak of BCTZ ceramic gradually becomes narrowed, and the Curie temperature of ceramic moves toward low temperature.As the sintering temperature is 1300 ℃, the grain size of BCTZ ceramic is 1 μm, the large electrostrictive coefficient Q33 (5.84 × 10–2 m4/C2) can be obtained, which is about twice that of traditional PZT ceramic. This may be attributed to combination of the surface effect caused by grain size of BCTZ ceramic with the strong ionic nature of A-O chemical bond. In addition, although BCTZ ceramic has an O-T phase boundary near room temperature, the electrostrictive coefficient Q33 of ceramic has good temperature stability in a range of 25–100 ℃. It shows that the crystal phase and temperature have no effect on the electrostrictive coefficient of BCTZ lead-free ceramic. It provides a new idea for designing the high electrostrictive properties of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with potential applications.
Cs-Te photocathode preparation with Te intermittent and Cs continuous deposition based on improved preparation success rate and quantum efficiency
Authors: Li Xu-Dong , Jiang Zeng-Gong , Gu Qiang , Zhang Meng , Lin Guo-Qiang , Zhao Ming-Hua , Guo Li ,   Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China,   Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201808, China
Published: May 2022

In order to prepare high-quantum-efficiency semiconductor Cs-Te photocathode which can produce a high-quality electron source, based on the INFN-LASA Cs-Te photocathode preparation method, the Cs-Te photocathode preparation method with Te intermittent, Cs continuous deposition is developed. The Cs-Te photocathode with quantum efficiency greater than 5% under 265 nm UV irradiation is successfully prepared in the photocathode preparation device of SINAP and SARI, and the fabrication success rate reaches 100%. As long as the preparation chamber vacuum degree is better than 10–8 Pa, the Cs-Te photocathode with high quantum efficiency can be prepared by this preparation method, which will not be different due to the changes of preparation equipment and operators.
The superior response speed of table tennis players is associated with proactive inhibitory control
Authors: Zhu Mengyan , Pi Yanling , Zhang Jian , Gu Nan
Published: May 2022

Objective

To explore the mechanism behind the faster volitional reaction time (RT) of open skill sports athletes from the perspective of proactive inhibitory control, with the hypothesis that the superior response speed of athletes from open skill sports is related to their enhanced capacity for releasing inhibition.

Methods

Participants were divided into two groups, an experimental group of 27 table tennis players and a control group of 27 non-athletes. By manipulating cue–target onset asynchrony (CTOA) in a simple cue-target detection task, the timing of target presentation occurred in different phases of the disinhibition process. The time needed for disinhibition were compared between groups.

Results

For the experimental group, RT varied with CTOA at delays less than 200 ms; for CTOAs greater than 200 ms, RTs were not significantly different. For the control group, RT varied with CTOA for delays as long as 300 ms.

Conclusions

Table tennis players took less time (200 ms) than non-athletes (300 ms) to complete the disinhibition process, which might partly explain their rapid response speed measured in unpredictable contexts.

Significance

The study provided evidence for disinhibition speed as a new index to assess the capacity of proactive inhibitory control, and provided a new perspective to explore the superior RT of athletes from open skill sports. We also offered support for the fundamental cognitive benefits of table tennis training.
El regreso del capital al origen extractivo. Evolución de los procesos urbanos en la Amazonía norte ecuatoriana (2000-2018
Authors:   Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO), Quito, Ecuador., González-Comín Javier
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo analiza el proceso de urbanización de la región amazónica ecuatoriana a través de la categorización de las regiones urbanas configuradas en el periodo 2000-2018. El objetivo principal es identificar los patrones espaciales que surgen del proceso dialéctico de concentración y expansión del tejido urbano. La investigación delimita espacialmente el análisis a las provincias de Sucumbíos y Orellana, siendo ambas las que más crecieron demográfica y urbanamente en el periodo analizado, además de ser las provincias con la mayor tasa de especialización del país por la actividad extractiva de hidrocarburos. Para el análisis se ha aplicado el algoritmo k-medias a partir de tres dimensiones de análisis: luminosidad nocturna, infraestructura y explotación del territorio. Finalmente, a partir de los resultados obtenidos se plantea una discusión sobre la evolución de los procesos urbanos identificados, la expansión urbana del espacio amazónico y los escenarios futuros en la Amazonía norte ecuatoriana.
Avanzando hacia una planificación integrada y sostenible de la movilidad
Authors: Gurdon Carole
Published: May 2022

Título libro: Desafíos del desarrollo urbano sostenible en el transporte y la movilidad Autores: Oscar Figueroa Monsalve, Luis Miguel Valenzuela Montes y Anísio Brasileiro (coords.) Edición: El Colegio Mexiquense, A.C., 2020. 559 pp. ISBN: 978-607-8509-56-0
Redes de políticas públicas de familia: Una propuesta analítica desde Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Álvarez Ortega Emilio , Sáez Ardura Felipe , Ulloa Martínez Jorge
Published: May 2022

La comparación entre el análisis tradicional de redes de políticas públicas (RPP) con algunos de los elementos del entramado teórico-metodológico que Pierre Bourdieu desarrolló para el estudio de los campos sociales, permitió formular una propuesta de análisis complementaria al enfoque con el cual se estudia habitualmente este tipo de redes. Se desarrolla dicha propuesta de análisis tomando como caso de estudio el trabajo que durante el año 2010 realizó la Comisión Asesora Presidencial  “Mujer,Trabajo y Maternidad”,constituida en Chile por el Presidente Sebastián Piñera mediante decreto.Mientras el análisis tradicional de RPP pone el acento en la interacción generada entre los distintos actores (acuerdos, cooperación, solidaridad) y los recursos que circulan en ella (conocimiento, información, dinero), la propuesta teórica de Pierre Bourdieu centra su análisis en la estructura que subyace a la interacción, y que opera de una manera permanente e invisible. Para que esta estructura emerja, se hace necesario el estudio de la distribución de las distintas formas de capital que poseen los agentes que participan en una red y que configuran un campo que es reproducido o reestructurado por las prácticas sociales que genera el habitus.La perspectiva de análisis que proporcionan las nociones teóricas de campo, agente, capital y habitus, sumado a la capacidad del Análisis de Correspon129dencias Múltiples (ACM) para hacer emerger la estructura social que subyace a la interacción, busca contribuir a una mayor y mejor comprensión de las RPP como nueva forma de coordinación entre el Estado y la sociedad civil, y a la superación de las deficiencias del análisis tradicional de RPP.
Sociedad civil en América Latina: Una conversación con el Dr. Alberto J. Olvera.
Authors: Roldán Tonioni Andrés Fernando
Published: May 2022

Se presenta a continuación una entrevista al Profesor Alberto J. Olvera, destacado investigador de los procesos de construcción democrática en México y en Latinoamérica, realizada en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Chile[1]. En esta conversación se intentó profundizar en torno a la noción de sociedad civil y sus comprensiones actuales.
El entendimiento de la sociedad civil en los contextos postautoritarios ha llevado a replantear la noción en base a las mismas transformaciones de las agrupaciones sociales que la componen. Este concepto ha adquirido un lugar en la teoría política y en Latino América sirvió para dar cuenta de la organización social durante las dictaduras militares. Revisamos en esta entrevista la evolución de esta categoría analítica y su funcionamiento para interpretar la sociedad civil en los actuales regímenes democráticos.

[1] Esta entrevista se desarrolló en el marco de la visita del profesor Olvera al Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Chile, en agosto de 2017.
Acercamientos a la historia y reconstrucción de memorias de las mujeres indígenas de la zona austral de Chile
Authors: Bustamante Danilo Javiera
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo dar cuenta de los resultados de la investigación Huellas femeninas del sur del mundo. Aportes para la memoria e historia de las mujeres selknam, aonikenk, yámanas y kawésqar desarrollado entre los años 2014 y 2016 en la zona austral de Chile. Particularmente se exponen los resultados del trabajo de revisión de archivos locales y regionales, escritos y visuales, basado en un enfoque metodológico etnohistórico y etnográfico. Éstos tienen una cualidad descriptiva, y son entendidos como aproximaciones y acercamientos para comprender la condición y situación histórica de las mujeres indígenas y su contexto de actuación en el universo sociocultural del extremo sur. Del conjunto de hallazgos, se han seleccionado ejes temáticos claves que permiten comprender tres aspectos principales: a) Formas y discursos de representación de las mujeres indígenas plasmados en las crónicas y memorias efectuadas en el marco del proceso civilizatorio de los pueblos ancestrales del fin del mundo, b) Reconstrucción de las historias y memorias de las mujeres indígenas canoeras y terrestres, enfatizando en los dominios femeninos, dinámicas socioculturales y universos simbólicos y c) Impacto del proyecto colonizador y civilizatorio del siglo XX en las tramas culturales de los grupos indígenas.
Neoliberalismo y Modernización del Estado en Chile: Emergencia del Gobierno Electrónico y desigualdad social
Authors: Gutiérrez Luis
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo se propone explorar las relaciones entre el desarrollo del neoliberalismo y los cambios experimentados el estado en Chile. Especial atención se presta, a la incorporación de Internet y sus herramientas digitales en la gestión de los servicios públicos, y cómo se configura una nueva forma de relación entre el estado y los ciudadanos, en el contexto del gobierno electrónico. Al inicio del texto, se caracteriza el surgimiento del neoliberalismo como corriente de pensamiento político, luego se examina su implementación en Chile. Posteriormente, se analizan las transformaciones experimentadas por el estado, en el marco de la modernización de la gestión pública. Finalmente, se aborda el surgimiento de nuevas formas de desigualdad entre ciudadanos, respecto al acceso a los servicios del estado disponibles en Internet.
Saggio sulla storia civile del Chili
Authors: Trivero Alberto
Published: May 2022

No hace mucho tiempo apareció en el mercado anticuario italiano un libro extremadamente raro e interesante para el mundo chileno y, particularmente mapuche. Se trata de la primera edición del "Saggio sulla storia civile del Chili", del jesuita Giovanni Ignazio Molina, publicado en Bologna en el año 1787.
Rapid Plasma Reagin Card Test: A Screening Method for Syphilis in Antenatal Patients of Bastar, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Hassan Sahina , Satapathy Satyaram , Agrawal Ratna
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) like syphilis is one of the important factor leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes in antenatal mothers. The infant and neonatal mortality rate itself is higher in the tribal region of Chhattisgarh like Bastar due to poor educational status and limited availability of health infrastructures. To prevent the disease related adverse pregnancy outcomes, early diagnosis and treatment of STDs is important by rapid screening method like Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) card test, which is comparatively cost effective tool available at clinical settings. Aim: To detect the incidence of syphilis among antenatal mothers of Bastar, Chattisgarh, India by using RPR card test. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 blood samples of patients attending Obstetrics and Gynaecology out-patient and in-patient Department (OPD and IPD) from August 2021 to October 2021. The samples referred to Microbiology laboratory of Late Baliram Kashyap Memorial Government Medical College Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, India, were tested by RPR card test taking all aseptic precautions. The data were collected in Microsoft Excel sheet and results were presented in counts and percentages using descriptive statistics. Results: Out of 150 samples, 11 (7.33%) were tested positive by RPR card test while rest 139 (92.67%) were found negative. Out of the 11 (7.33%) samples which tested positive, 3 (27.27%) were from Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART) centre (concurrent Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and syphilis positive), 7 (63.64%) were from Obstetrics and Gynaecology OPD and 1 (9.09%) sample was from labour ward. Age of the patients attending antenatal clinic ranged between 11-50 years with maximum patients 103 (68.67%) were in 21-30 years of age group. Conclusion: RPR card test is one of the important cost effective, rapid screening tools for STDs like syphilis, especially in the resource poor areas like tribal region of Bastar, Chattisgarh, India. Comparatively higher percentage of syphilitic infection reported in the study may contribute in improving health infrastructure policies in the affected regions of Bastar, Chattisgarh, India.
Megafire: the Darwinian guillotine?
Authors: Nimmo Dale G. , Jolly Chris J. , Carthey Alexandra J. R.
Published: May 2022

Southern Australia’s 2019–20 wildfire season was unprecedented, but the ecological toll remains poorly understood. Estimates of three billion animals being affected by the fires attracted global attention, but how many of those animals succumbed to the flames? A recent systematic review of fire-induced mortality showed that a surprisingly high proportion of vertebrates typically survive fire (>90%), and a growing body of research is demonstrating behavioural adaptations that might facilitate survival during fire. Behaviours that favour survival are likely to be selected for in fire-prone landscapes and could be fine-tuned over time in relation to fire behaviour and specific fire regimes. Megafires that burn vast areas could act as mass selection events, rapidly filtering ‘fire-naive’ individuals from populations. Applying an evolutionary and behavioural lens to fire ecology will provide novel insights that help predict the ramifications of changing fire regimes on animal species.
Notice of Patrick Chalmers, M.D., of Haselhead and Fedderat, Professor of Medicine in Aberdeen, and of his Practice as a Physician in the end of the seventeenth and beginning of the eighteenth century
Authors: Chalmers John I
Published: May 2022

The article begins with a short biography of the life and family of Dr Patrick Chalmers, a physician in Aberdeen. The author then focuses on the contents of Dr Chalmers’ ledger, which he used to record the activities of his medical practice including the prices for the treatment of various people and ailments.

 

Meeting notes from 8 April, 1861 are appended.
Note relating to a Monumental Brass in the Old Church of Ormiston, East Lothian
Authors: Struthers John
Published: May 2022

This article discusses the monumental brass found in the ruined chancel of the kirk at Ormiston. The author uses the form and decoration of the monument to suggest that it was originally made at the end of the sixteenth century. He goes on to discuss the content of the inscription and gives a short history of the Cockburn family, who owned the barony of Ormiston until the eighteenth century. The inscription itself is transcribed and the article includes an illustration of the brass.

 

Meeting notes for 13 May, 1861 are appended.
Notes relating to 'Haddo's Hole' in St Giles' Church, Edinburgh
Authors: McCulloch William T
Published: May 2022

The author explains the history of an iron door that was donated to the museum. The door was used to cover 'Haddo's hole', in St Giles Cathedral, where the Royalist Sir John Gordon Haddo was imprisoned before his execution in 1644. The article includes the expenses from the day of the execution and an illustration of 'The Maiden', the guillotine used to behead Haddo.

 

Meeting notes for 10 June, 1861 are appended.
Historical Notices of the 'Broch' or Burghead, in Moray, with an Account of its Antiquties
Authors: MacDonald James
Published: May 2022

The author briefly describes the geographical and architectural features of the town of Burghead in Moray, before summarising the written accounts from medieval and contemporary sources that may refer to the history of this area. He highlights that most of the historical references to the town were related to the history of Scandinavians in Scotland until Major-General Roy’s second map of the Highlands, in which he suggests that the town was originally a Roman settlement.
Anniversary Meeting
Authors: - - , Farrer James , Laing David
Published: May 2022

At the Anniversary meeting the usual Society business was concluded including a report on the visitors to the Society's museum and how the collections expanded over the year. Mr James Farrer was elected as an Honorary Member in recognition of his work on preserving and recording the archaeology of Orkney.

 

Notice of a Conversazione held 9 December, 1861 is appended. The Vice-President David Laing gave the Inaugural Address on the History of the Society. This address was later printed at the beginning of Archaeologia Scotica Volume 5.

 

Meeting notes for 13 January, 1862 are appended. The meeting began with the reading of a letter addressed to Queen Victoria expressing the Society’s condolences on the death of her husband, Prince Albert.
Notice of Remains near Peterhead, in a Letter to the Secretary
Authors: Murray Alexander
Published: May 2022

The author describes his excavation of an underground chamber on a farm near Peterhead. He did not find any artefacts or remains during the excavation.
Notes of the 'Visitation of the Pestilence' from the Parish Records of South Leith, A.D. 1645, in connexion with the Excavations of large masses of Human Remains during the Drainage Operations at Wellington Place, Leith Links, A.D. 1861-2
Authors: Robertson D H
Published: May 2022

After the discovery of human remains near Leith Links in the 1860s, D H Robertson dismissed arguments that these were the remains of battle casualties from the Siege of Leith. In this article, he instead argues that they are more likely to be victims of the plague outbreak in Leith from 1645. He presents some original documents that describe the situation and provides some death figures. On the day, he also presented a stone hammer and marine shells to the Society, found near the remains.

 

Meeting notes for 10 February, 1862 are appended.
Notes on an ancient British Gold Coin, inscribed 'Bodvoc.'
Authors: Sim George
Published: May 2022

This article discusses a gold coin found in Dumfries and Galloway. The author argues that this coin supports the argument that coinage was used in Britain before the arrival of the Romans. He also agrees with another commenter who suggests that coins inscribed with the name ‘Bodvoc’ were likely struck in the west of England, possibly by the Boduni tribe in Gloucestershire. There is some uncertainty as to the when the coin might have been struck.
Stone Circles near Shap, Westmoreland
Authors: Simpson James
Published: May 2022

This article describes some of the stone circles that can be found near the village of Shap in England. The author gives approximate circumferences for each stone circle and notes the difficulty of taking these measurements as many of the stones have fallen from their original positions. He does not offer any interpretation of who might have created these circles nor when or why they did so, but he does note that some of the stone circles he visited surrounded barrows containing human or animal remains. After his talk, members of the Society provided further examples of more sites like the ones described.
Extracts from the Presbytery Records of Dalkeith, relating to the parish of Newbattle, during the incumbency of Mr Robert Leighton, 1641-1653
Authors: Gordon Thomas , Laing David
Published: May 2022

This article which focuses on the life and work of Archbishop Robert Leighton begins with a brief biography. It contains transcriptions of entries from the Dalkeith presbytery books and Session records of Newbattle parish in which Leighton is referenced, with particular focus on the times that he was absent from his parish to visit his elderly father. Also included are transcriptions of some official letters that he may have contributed to.

 

Meeting notes for 12 May, 1862 are appended.
Address on Archaeology
Authors: Simpson J Y
Published: May 2022

Professor J Y Simpson’s postponed Inaugural Address from the beginning of the session is printed in its entirety. He emphasises the variety of fields of study that involve archaeology, the increasingly scientific approach to the study of the past, and some of the conclusions reached by archaeologists in the past century. Professor Simpson then goes on to acknowledge the work of members of the Society in chronicling Scotland’s past but speculates about what information could be gained if antiquarians were able to converse with the spirits of ancient Scots, highlighting that there are many further lines of archaeological study to pursue. He also comments on the importance of both the excavation of artefacts and the study of written sources about Scotland’s past. To conclude his talk, he encourages his audience to advocate for the protection of historical monuments.

 

Meeting notes for 10 December, 1860 are appended.
Notices and Examples of Inscriptions on Old Castles and Town Houses in the North-east of Scotland
Authors: Jervise Andrew
Published: May 2022

This article discusses inscriptions found in the stonework of Scottish buildings from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. The authors list several examples of inscriptions from across Scotland written in English, Latin, Greek and Hebrew. They also describe some of the decorative elements that occur near these inscriptions.
On Celtic Sepulchral Remains at Tosson, near Rothbury, Northumberland
Authors: Tate George
Published: May 2022

The author describes a site in Northumberland and several similarly situated local examples. The focus of the paper is the grave goods and human remains found in a barrow. He argues that this barrow belonged to a member of a Celtic border tribe around the time of the Roman invasion, based on recognisable design elements in the urns and the style of the iron weapons.
Notice of some Stone Crosses, with Special Reference to the Market Crosses of Scotland
Authors: Drummond James
Published: May 2022

This article describes the design, construction and use of mercat crosses in towns across Scotland. There is discussion of the tools that could be used to punish misdemeanours that were often either attached to or near crosses. The author presents the accounts for the construction of a cross in Edinburgh in 1617 to illustrate the kind of money that could be charged for the building of these crosses. There are also some first-hand accounts of events that took place at or near to the mercat cross in Edinburgh. The author briefly touches on the contemporary debate about this cross and whether its design should restore the previous cross that was taken down in 1756, or whether a new design should be produced.
Preliminaries for Part I
Authors: - -
Published: May 2022

Office-bearers (July 1862)

List of the Fellows (July 1862)

List of Honorary members (July 1862)

Table of contents for Part I
Preliminaries for Part II
Authors: - -
Published: May 2022

Table of contents for Part II

List of illustrations

Front matter for full Volume 4

Contents for full volume

Errata
EGR1 plays an important role in BMP9‐mediated osteoblast differentiation by promoting SMAD1/5 phosphorylation
Authors: Chiba Norika , Noguchi Yukie , Seong Chang Hwan , Ohnishi Tomokazu , Matsuguchi Tetsuya
Published: May 2022

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are essential regulators of skeletal homeostasis, and BMP9 is the most potently osteogenic among them. Here, we found that BMP9 and BMP2 rapidly induced early growth response 1 (EGR1) protein expression in osteoblasts through MEK/ERK pathway‐dependent transcriptional activation. Knock‐down of EGR1 using siRNA significantly inhibited BMP9‐induced matrix mineralization and osteogenic marker gene expression in osteoblasts. Knock‐down of EGR1 significantly reduced SMAD1/5 phosphorylation and inhibited the expression of their transcriptional targets in osteoblasts stimulated by BMP9. In contrast, forced EGR1 overexpression in osteoblasts enhanced BMP9‐mediated osteoblast differentiation and SMAD1/5 phosphorylation. An intracellular association between EGR1 and SMAD1/5 was identified using immunoprecipitation assays. These results indicated that EGR1 plays an important role in BMP9‐stimulated osteoblast differentiation by enhancing SMAD1/5 phosphorylation.
Altered splicing of ATG16‐L1 mediates acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors of EGFR by blocking autophagy in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hatat Anne‐Sophie , Benoit‐Pilven Clara , Pucciarelli Amélie , de Fraipont Florence , Lamothe Lucie , Perron Pascal , Rey Amandine , Levra Matteo Giaj , Toffart Anne‐Claire , Auboeuf Didier , Eymin Beatrice , Gazzeri Sylvie
Published: May 2022

Despite the initial efficacy of using tyrosine kinase inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR‐TKIs) for treating patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), resistance inevitably develops. Recent studies highlight a link between alternative splicing and cancer drug response. Therefore, we aimed to identify deregulated splicing events that play a role in resistance to EGFR‐TKI. By using RNA sequencing, reverse‐transcription PCR (RT‐PCR), and RNA interference, we showed that overexpression of a splice variant of the autophagic gene ATG16‐L1 that retains exon 8 and encodes the β‐isoform of autophagy‐related protein 16‐1 (ATG16‐L1 β) concurs acquired resistance to EGFR‐TKI in NSCLC cells. Using matched biopsies, we found increased levels of ATG16‐L1 β at the time of progression in 3 of 11 NSCLC patients treated with EGFR‐TKI. Mechanistically, gefitinib‐induced autophagy was impaired in resistant cells that accumulated ATG16‐L1 β. Neutralization of ATG16‐L1 β restored autophagy in response to gefitinib, induced apoptosis, and inhibited the growth of in ovo tumor xenografts. Conversely, overexpression of ATG16‐L1 β in parental sensitive cells prevented gefitinib‐induced autophagy and increased cell survival. These results support a role of defective autophagy in acquired resistance to EGFR‐TKIs and identify splicing regulation of ATG16‐L1 as a therapeutic vulnerability that could be explored for improving EGFR‐targeted cancer therapy.
A Dual‐Ligand Strategy to Regulate the Nucleation and Growth of Lead Chromate Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Zhou Hongpeng , Zhang Deyun , Gong Xiangnan , Feng Zhendong , Shi Ming , Liu Yang , Zhang Chengbo , Luan Peng , Zhang Pengfei , Fan Fengtao , Li Rengui , Li Can
Published: May 2022

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for renewable hydrogen production has been regarded as a promising solution to utilize solar energy. However, most photoelectrodes still suffer from poor film quality and poor charge separation properties, mainly owing to the possible formation of detrimental defects including microcracks and grain boundaries. Herein, a molecular coordination engineering strategy is developed by employing acetylacetone (Acac) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) dual ligands to regulate the nucleation and crystal growth of the lead chromate (PbCrO4) photoanode, resulting in the formation of a high‐quality film with large grain size, well‐stitched grain boundaries, and reduced oxygen vacancies defects. With these efforts, the nonradiative charge recombination is efficiently suppressed, leading to the enhancement of its charge separation efficiency from 47% to 90%. After decorating with Co–Pi cocatalyst, the PbCrO4 photoanode achieves a photocurrent density of 3.15 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V (vs RHE under simulated AM1.5G) and an applied bias photon‐to‐current efficiency (ABPE) of 0.82%. This work provides a new strategy to modulate the nucleation and growth of high‐quality photoelectrodes for efficient PEC water splitting.
Machine Learning on a Robotic Platform for the Design of Polymer–Protein Hybrids
Authors: Tamasi Matthew J. , Patel Roshan A. , Borca Carlos H. , Kosuri Shashank , Mugnier Heloise , Upadhya Rahul , Murthy N. Sanjeeva , Webb Michael A. , Gormley Adam J.
Published: May 2022

Polymer–protein hybrids are intriguing materials that can bolster protein stability in non‐native environments, thereby enhancing their utility in diverse medicinal, commercial, and industrial applications. One stabilization strategy involves designing synthetic random copolymers with compositions attuned to the protein surface, but rational design is complicated by the vast chemical and composition space. Here, a strategy is reported to design protein‐stabilizing copolymers based on active machine learning, facilitated by automated material synthesis and characterization platforms. The versatility and robustness of the approach is demonstrated by the successful identification of copolymers that preserve, or even enhance, the activity of three chemically distinct enzymes following exposure to thermal denaturing conditions. Although systematic screening results in mixed success, active learning appropriately identifies unique and effective copolymer chemistries for the stabilization of each enzyme. Overall, this work broadens the capabilities to design fit‐for‐purpose synthetic copolymers that promote or otherwise manipulate protein activity, with extensions toward the design of robust polymer–protein hybrid materials.
Recent Progress in 1D Contacts for 2D‐Material‐Based Devices
Authors: Choi Min Sup , Ali Nasir , Ngo Tien Dat , Choi Hyungyu , Oh Byungdu , Yang Heejun , Yoo Won Jong
Published: May 2022

Recent studies have intensively examined 2D materials (2DMs) as promising materials for use in future quantum devices due to their atomic thinness. However, a major limitation occurs when 2DMs are in contact with metals: a van der Waals (vdW) gap is generated at the 2DM‐metal interfaces, which induces metal‐induced gap states that are responsible for an uncontrollable Schottky barrier (SB), Fermi‐level pinning (FLP), and high contact resistance (RC), thereby substantially lowering the electronic mobility of 2DM‐based devices. Here, vdW‐gap‐free 1D edge contact is reviewed for use in 2D devices with substantially suppressed carrier scattering of 2DMs with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) encapsulation. The 1D contact further enables uniform carrier transport across multilayered 2DM channels, high‐density transistor integration independent of scaling, and the fabrication of double‐gate transistors suitable for demonstrating unique quantum phenomena of 2DMs. The existing 1D contact methods are reviewed first. As a promising technology toward the large‐scale production of 2D devices, seamless lateral contacts are reviewed in detail. The electronic, optoelectronic, and quantum devices developed via 1D contacts are subsequently discussed. Finally, the challenges regarding the reliability of 1D contacts are addressed, followed by an outlook of 1D contact methods.
High Surface Area “3D Graphene Oxide” for Enhanced Sorption of Radionuclides
Authors: Boulanger Nicolas , Kuzenkova Anastasiia S. , Iakunkov Artem , Nordenström Andreas , Romanchuk Anna Yu. , Trigub Alexander L. , Zasimov Pavel V. , Prodana Mariana , Enachescu Marius , Bauters Stephen , Amidani Lucia , Kvashnina Kristina O. , Kalmykov Stepan N. , Talyzin Alexandr V.
Published: May 2022

Here preparation of high surface area activated reduced graphene oxide (arGO) oxidized into a 3D analogue of defect‐rich GO (dGO) is reported. Surface oxidation of arGO results in carbon to oxygen ratio C/O = 3.3, similar to the oxidation state of graphene oxide while preserving high BET surface area of about 880 m2 g−1. Analysis of surface oxidized arGO shows high abundance of oxygen functional groups which converts hydrophobic precursor into hydrophilic material. High surface area carbons provide the whole surface for oxidation without the need of intercalation and lattice expansion. Therefore, surface oxidation methods are sufficient to convert the materials into 3D architectures with chemical properties similar to graphene oxide. The “3D graphene oxide” shows high sorption capacity for U(VI) removal in an extraordinary broad interval of pH. Notably, the surface oxidized carbon material has a rigid 3D structure with micropores accessible for penetration of radionuclide ions. Therefore, the bulk “3D GO” can be used as a sorbent directly without dispersing, the step required for GO to make its surface area accessible for pollutants.
Managing Lead Leakage in Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with Phosphate Interlayers
Authors: Chen Junjun , Li Sheng , Ma Tianshu , Wu Donghui , Zhao Yue , Wang Changlei , Zhao Dewei , Li Xiaofeng
Published: May 2022

Lead leakage from perovskite solar cells (PSCs) leads to device failure and environment contamination. Here, these issues are solved with a sodium phosphate (Na3PO4)‐modified tin(IV) dioxide (SnO2) layer that simultaneously boosts the device performance and captures most of dissolved lead in water. Phosphate incorporation improves charge transfers and passivates the buried perovskite interface, leading to highly improved device efficiency up to 23% with negligible hysteresis. More importantly, the phosphatized SnO2 layer shows high lead‐adsorption capacity with a sequestration efficiency of 79.6% due to the numerous anchor sites of oxygen lone pairs, converting dissolved lead into insoluble compounds in water. This study presents a facile protocol of efficient and sustainable perovskite photovoltaics upon future commercialization.