bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the relationship between youth drinking, self‐posting of alcohol use and other social media engagement (2012–21)
Authors: Cheng Brandon , Lim Carmen C. W. , Rutherford Brienna N. , Huang Sandy , Ashley Daniel P. , Johnson Ben , Chung Jack , Chan Gary C. K. , Coates Jason M. , Gullo Matthew J. , Connor Jason P.
Published: September 2023

Background and aim

Social networking sites (SNS) are interactive internet‐based social platforms that facilitate information sharing. A growing body of literature on exposure to, and self‐posting of, alcohol‐related content on SNS has examined the relationship between SNS use and alcohol consumption in young people. This study aims to synthesise the literature exploring the relationship between exposure (i.e. viewing or listening of alcohol‐related media) and self‐posting (i.e. uploading images or text of alcohol content) of alcohol‐related media on SNS on alcohol consumption.

Methods

A pre‐registered systematic review was conducted in June 2022 within PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Original prospective and cross‐sectional studies assessing youth and young adults (≤ 24 years of age) that measured exposure to alcohol‐related media or posting of alcohol‐related content on SNS and self‐reported alcohol consumption outcomes were included. Meta‐analyses were conducted on comparable methodologies.

Results

Thirty studies were included (n = 19,386). Meta‐analyses of cross‐sectional studies showed both greater exposure (five studies; pooled β = 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.23, 0.44, i2 = 27.7%) and self‐posting of alcohol‐related content (six studies; pooled β = 0.57, 95%CI = 0.25,0.88, i2 = 97.8%) was associated with greater alcohol consumption. Meta‐analyses of three prospective studies also identified that greater exposure predicted greater future alcohol consumption (three studies; pooled β = 0.13, 95%CI = 0.11,0.15, i2 = 0.0%). Narrative analyses of studies that could not be meta‐analysed due to incompatible methodologies were also conducted. Most studies (all four prospective, one of two cross‐sectional) identified positive associations between exposure to alcohol‐related content and greater average consumption. Most studies (three of four prospective, four of six cross‐sectional) reported a positive association between of alcohol‐related self‐posting and greater average alcohol consumption.

Conclusions

Both exposure to, and self‐posting of, alcohol‐related content on social networking sites are positively associated with current average consumption, problem drinking, and drinking frequency.
Previous psychiatric hospitalizations as risk factors for single and multiple future alcohol‐related hospitalizations in patients with alcohol use disorders
Authors: Manca Francesco , Lewsey Jim
Published: September 2023

Background and aims

People with alcohol use disorder (AUD) often have co‐occurring psychiatric conditions. The association between psychiatric conditions and AUD relapse has not yet been fully explored. This study aimed to quantify different psychiatric comorbidities as risk factors for first and multiple AUD rehospitalizations in patients already hospitalized once for AUD.

Methods

We used a nation‐wide routine health‐care database in Scotland, UK, between 2010 and 2019. Individuals with a first hospitalization for AUD (codes F10.0‐9 in the ICD‐10 codes) were checked for previous hospitalizations where the main or co‐occurring cause was a psychiatric condition (any other F0‐F99 code in ICD‐10). The final cohort included 23 529 patients, 18 620 of whom did not have a history of any other psychiatric comorbidity. First, individuals with a history of any previous psychiatric hospitalization were grouped and compared with those without on the basis of time to AUD rehospitalization. Then, individuals with different histories of psychiatric hospitalization were compared with each other. Cox and Prentice, Williams and Peterson gap‐time models were used for single and multiple AUD rehospitalizations, respectively.

Results

The AUD rehospitalization rate in individuals with a previous psychiatric hospitalization was 8% higher compared with those without [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–1.14]. The difference in rehospitalization rate reduced following the first rehospitalization (HR at second rehospitalization from first: 0.95, 95% CI = 0.87–1.04 and HR at third rehospitalization from second: 0.94, 95% CI = 0.84–1.07). Mood disorders and neurotic, stress‐related and somatoform disorders were associated with a 54% (HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.38–1.72) and 39% (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.17–1.66) increase in the risk of a first AUD rehospitalization. Other conditions, such as disorders due to psychoactive substance use or schizophrenia, were associated with decreases in future AUD rehospitalization (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.82–0.97 and HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.58–1.16, respectively).

Conclusions

Patients with AUD appear to have different rates of AUD rehospitalization based on different co‐occurring psychiatric conditions. Addiction‐related characteristics may be more relevant risk indicators for multiple AUD readmission than psychiatric comorbidities.
Quality of life amongst patients with diverting umbilical stomas in rectal surgery: a single centre prospective randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Steen Christopher J. , Wei Matthew Y. K. , Vadakkenchery Varghese Edison , Asghari‐Jafarabadi Mohammad , Sansom Wendy , Balakrishnan Vikram , An Vinna , Chandra Raaj
Published: September 2023

Background

The umbilical stoma (umbistoma) has been proposed as a viable alternative site for a temporary defunctioning stoma. Suggested advantages of the umbistoma include decreased number of surgical incisions required, improved cosmesis and ease of reversal surgery. This study aimed to assess the patient experience of umbilical loop ileostomies in rectal surgery, with the primary outcome being patient reported quality of life (QoL).

Methods

A total of 20 patients undergoing laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery were randomly allocated to have a defunctioning ileostomy at a conventional site (right iliac fossa) or at the umbilicus. Patient‐reported QoL was assessed at 6 weeks using the Stoma‐QoL questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were number of stomas reversed, length of time awaiting stoma reversal surgery, duration of operative time for stoma reversal, length of hospital stay following stoma reversal and rate of parastomal or post reversal incisional hernias.

Results

Patients who had an umbilical stoma scored significantly lower on the Stoma‐QoL questionnaire compared to the conventional group, particularly on questions regarding feelings of tiredness, body insecurity and anxiety. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in relation to secondary outcomes.

Conclusion

There may be potential disadvantages to the umbilical stoma with negative impacts on body image and subsequent increased social anxiety. Patient selection and adequate counselling will be important when considering an umbilical stoma. Further larger scale prospective studies are required to further validate the feasibility and longer‐term safety of umbilical stomas in both clinical outcomes as well as patient QoL.
Quality of life in patients with CRB1‐associated retinal dystrophies: A longitudinal study
Authors: Karuntu Jessica S. , Nguyen Xuan‐Thanh‐An , Talib Mays , van Schooneveld Mary J. , Wijnholds Jan , van Genderen Maria M. , Schalij‐Delfos Nicoline E. , Klaver Caroline C. W. , Meester‐Smoor Magda A. , van den Born L. Ingeborgh , Hoyng Carel B. , Thiadens Alberta A. H. J. , Bergen Arthur A. , van Nispen Ruth M. A. , Boon Camiel J. F.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To assess the longitudinal vision‐related quality of life among patients with CRB1‐associated inherited retinal dystrophies.

Methods

In this longitudinal questionnaire study, the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (39 items, NEI VFQ‐39) was applied at baseline, two‐year follow‐up, and 4‐year follow‐up in patients with pathogenic CRB1 variants. [Correction added on 20 November 2023, after first online publication: The preceding sentence has been updated in this version.] Classical test theory was performed to obtain subdomain scores and in particular ‘near activities’ and ‘total composite’ scores. The Rasch analysis based on previous calibrations of the NEI VFQ‐25 was applied to create visual functioning and socio‐emotional subscales.

Results

In total, 22 patients with a CRB1‐associated retinal dystrophy were included, […] with a median age of 25.0 years (interquartile range: 13–31 years) at baseline and mean follow‐up of 4.0 ± 0.3 years. [Correction added on 20 November 2023, after first online publication: The preceding sentence has been updated in this version.] A significant decline at 4 years was observed for ‘near activities’ (51.0 ± 23.8 vs 35.4 ± 14.7, p = 0.004) and ‘total composite’ (63.0 ± 13.1 vs 52.0 ± 12.1, p = 0.001) subdomain scores. For the Rasch‐scaled scores, the ‘visual functioning’ scale significantly decreased after 2 years (−0.89 logits; p = 0.012), but not at 4‐year follow‐up (+0.01 logits; p = 0.975). [Correction added on 20 November 2023, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, “…after 4 years…” has been corrected to “…after 2 years…” in this version.] The ‘socio‐emotional’ scale also showed a significant decline after 2 years (−0.78 logits, p = 0.033) and 4 years (−0.83 logits, p = 0.021).

Conclusion

In the absence of an intervention, a decline in vision‐related quality of life is present in patients with pathogenic CRB1 variants at 4‐year follow‐up. Patient‐reported outcome measures should be included in future clinical trials, as they can be a potential indicator of disease progression and treatment efficacy.
One anastomosis gastric bypass vs sleeve gastrectomy as a revisional bariatric surgery for weight loss failure after primary restrictive procedure
Authors: Mouawad Christian , Dahboul Houssam , Chamaa Bilal , Osseis Michael , Noun Roger , Chakhtoura Ghassan
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Weight loss failure after restrictive bariatric procedures initiated the debate about the choice of an adequate revisional intervention, a question still unanswered. While many surgeons went for a conversion to gastric bypass, others opted for re‐trying a revisional restrictive procedure to avoid the side effects of gastric bypass. The objective of our study was to compare weight loss outcome between revisional laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (re‐LSG) and revisional one anastomosis gastric bypass (re‐OAGB) for insufficient weight loss or weight regain following primary restrictive bariatric surgery.

Materials and Methods

We included 20 obese patients, with a history of weight regain or insufficient weight loss after primary restrictive surgery, who underwent re‐LSG (eight patients) or re‐OAGB (12 patients) between January 2018 and January 2021. Patients were followed up 2 years after their revisional intervention. Statistics were performed using IBM® SPSS® software for Windows version 21.

Results

In the re‐LSG group, the average body mass index (BMI) before primary restrictive procedure was 43.7 kg/m2. The average period between the primary and revisional surgery was 12.6 years. Patients had a nadir BMI of 33.2 kg/m2 during that period and reached a mean BMI of 40.6 kg/m2 before re‐LSG. Two years after re‐LSG, the average BMI was 31.5 kg/m2 with a percent of excess weight loss (%EWL) of 54% and percent of excess BMI loss (%EBMIL) of 66.6%. In the re‐OAGB group, the average BMI before primary restrictive procedure was 39 kg/m2. The average period between the primary and revisional surgery was 10.7 years. Patients had a nadir BMI of 30.5 kg/m2 during that period and reached a mean BMI of 36.5 kg/m2 before re‐OAGB. Two years after re‐OAGB, the average BMI was 27 kg/m2 with a %EWL of 86.7% and %EBMIL of 92.6%.

Conclusion

For patients with insufficient weight loss or weight regain following primary restrictive bariatric surgery, re‐OAGB has a better effectiveness in weight reduction compared with re‐LSG after a 2‐year follow up.
Model‐based dosing optimization and therapeutic drug monitoring practices of teicoplanin in patients with complicated or non‐complicated methicillin‐resistant staphylococcus aureus infection
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Shan , Chen Ye‐Li , Wang Yu‐Zhen , Chen Chuang , Chen Yao‐Jie , Xu Fang‐Min , Dai Ying , Shi Da‐Wei , Lin Guan‐Yang , Yu Xu‐ben , Xiang Dan‐Zhu , Zhang Chun‐Hong
Published: September 2023

Aims

This study aims to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model of teicoplanin in Chinese adult patients to evaluate the dosing regimen in the label sheet and optimize it.

Methods

Nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling was used to estimate PK parameters. Monte Carlo simulations were used to evaluate the attainment of various dosing regimens in achieving the target trough concentrations in patients with normal or decreased renal function.

Results

A total of 115 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Creatinine clearance (CrCL) and albumin (ALB) were identified as covariates on the clearance of teicoplanin. For the treatment of non‐complicated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in patients with normal renal function and serum ALB concentration, the recommended dosing regimen was 600 mg q12h with five administrations as the loading dose followed by 600 mg qd as the maintenance dose; for the treatment of serious and/or complicated MRSA infections, the recommended dosing regimen was 800 mg q12h with five administrations as the loading dose followed by 800 mg qd as the maintenance dose. It is worth noting that both the loading and maintenance doses ought to be modified based on the patient's renal function and serum ALB concentration. In addition, trough concentrations of teicoplanin were significantly increased every other week.

Conclusions

Both loading dosing and maintenance dosing regimens were recommended to be adjusted according to patient's renal function and serum ALB concentration. In addition, it is necessary to perform follow‐up therapeutic drug monitoring of teicoplanin at least once every week.
In‐game performance: The role of students' socio‐economic status, self‐efficacy and situational interest in an augmented reality game
Authors: Arztmann Michaela , Domínguez Alfaro Jessica Lizeth , Hornstra Lisette , Jeuring Johan , Kester Liesbeth
Published: September 2023

Digital games are widely used in education to motivate students for science. Additionally, augmented reality (AR) is increasingly used in education. However, recent research indicates that these technologies might not be equally beneficial for students with different background characteristics. Moreover, students with different backgrounds may differ in their self‐efficacy and interest when playing games and this could lead to differences in performance. Given the increased use of games and immersive technologies in education, it is important to gain a better understanding of the effectiveness of games for different student groups. This study focused on the role of students' socio‐economic status (SES) and examined whether SES was associated with in‐game performance and whether interest and self‐efficacy mediated potential associations between SES and in‐game performance. Since log data are increasingly used to predict learning outcomes and can provide valuable insights into individual behaviour, in‐game performance was assessed with the use of log data. In total, 276 early secondary school students participated in this study. The results indicate that SES has no direct or indirect effect through self‐efficacy and interest on in‐game performance. However, a lower self‐efficacy increased the likelihood to drop out of the game. These findings suggest that students from different socio‐economic backgrounds are equally interested and self‐efficacious while playing the game and that their performance is not affected by their background. The affordances of AR as an immersive learning environment might be motivating enough to help mitigate possible SES differences in students.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Digital games are an effective tool to increase motivation and learning outcomes of students.

Students' self‐efficacy and situational interest influence learning outcomes and in‐game performance.

It is unclear whether digital games are equally effective for students with different socio‐economic status.

What this paper adds

Socio‐economic status (SES) of students does not affect in‐game performance.

Students with different SES are equally interested and self‐efficacious.

Lower self‐efficacy and lower school track influence the likelihood of dropout.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Socio‐economic status does not fortify the possible performance differences between students and games can be utilized as a learning tool that motivates all students equally.

There are students who do not optimally benefit when games are implemented in education and who may need additional support.
Curious about threats: Morbid curiosity and interest in conspiracy theories in US adults
Authors: Scrivner Coltan , Stubbersfield Joseph M.
Published: September 2023

Conspiracy theories allege secret plots between two or more powerful actors to achieve an outcome, sometimes explaining important events or proposing alternative understandings of reality in opposition to mainstream accounts, and commonly highlight the threat presented by the plot and its conspirators. Research in psychology proposes that belief in conspiracy theories is motivated by a desire to understand threats and is predicted by increased anxiety. Morbid curiosity describes the tendency to seek out information about threatening or dangerous situations and is associated with an interest in threat‐related entertainment and increased anxiety. Across three studies, we investigated the relationship between morbid curiosity and conspiracy theories in US‐based samples. We found that higher trait morbid curiosity was associated with higher general conspiracist beliefs (Study 1) and the perceived threat of conspiratorial explanations of events (Study 2). Using a behavioural choice paradigm, we found that participants who chose to investigate morbidly curious stimuli were more likely to choose to learn about conspiratorial explanations for events (Study 3). Greater curiosity about the minds of dangerous people was consistently the strongest predictor of conspiratorial ideation and interest. These results suggest that morbid curiosity is an important but hitherto unstudied predictor of conspiratorial interest and belief.
Outdoor Alternaria and Cladosporium spores and acute asthma
Authors: Olsen Yulia , Arildskov Elias , Hansen Stefan Nygaard , Pedersen Marianne , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Kloster Mathilde , Sigsgaard Torben
Published: September 2023

Background

Outdoor Alternaria and Cladosporium spores are ubiquitous. Few studies have assessed their impact on asthma hospitalizations providing conflicting results, mainly focused on vulnerable paediatric populations. We aimed to study the impact of outdoor Alternaria and Cladosporium concentrations on acute hospitalizations in the Capital Region of Denmark.

Methods

This is a bi‐directional case‐crossover study with 26 years of national registry data at individual level on acute asthma hospitalizations and daily average data on Alternaria and Cladosporium, pollen (Artemisia, Poaceae), maximal temperature, and air pollution. Conditional logistic regression models were applied to assess the associations. Concentration quartiles at lag 0 were used for categorizing the exposure.

Results

For lags 0–2, the odds of hospitalization were significantly higher for both Alternaria and Cladosporium at concentration quartile 2–4 compared with quartile 1. When stratified for age and sex, odds of hospitalization at Alternaria quartiles 2–4 were significantly higher in males below 40 years at lag 0–2, and at lag 0 in females (18–30 years), while quartiles 2–4 of Cladosporium concentrations were associated with significantly higher odds in boys (0–17 years) at lag 1–3, males (18–39 years) at lag 0–1, females (18–39 years) at lag 1–2, males (40–64 years) at lag 0–2, females (40–64 years) at lag 0 and 2, in seniors (65+ years) male at lag 1–2 and female at lag 0–1. The effect of Alternaria varied significantly depending on the level of Cladosporium (p < .0001).

Conclusion

Ambient Alternaria and Cladosporium spores can induce asthma hospitalizations. Males are more susceptible to both genera. Males and females under age 40 years are more susceptible to Alternaria.
Isolated central hypothyroidism: Underlying pathophysiology and relation to antidepressant and antipsychotic medications—A multi‐centre South Wales study
Authors: Keen Frederick , Williams David M. , Essame Jenna , Udiawar Maneesh , Nagarajah Kalyani , Witczak Justyna , Mitchem Kelly , Kalhan Atul
Published: September 2023

Objective

Isolated biochemical central hypothyroidism is a presentation we are experiencing more frequently as endocrinologists, with variation in levels of investigation between physicians. We therefore conducted research to investigate the final diagnosis and clinical outcome of patients across multiple hospitals in South Wales with biochemical isolated central hypothyroidism; namely to establish whether this isolated biochemical picture was clinically significant. We also analysed whether there is an association between this biochemical picture and treatment with antidepressant and antipsychotic medications, and how common this is.

Design

We performed a retrospective observational study of patients across nine different hospitals in South Wales. We analysed patients referred to endocrinology at each site over a 6‐year period with unexplained isolated biochemical central hypothyroidism.

Materials and Methodology

1022 individual patients' thyroid function test results were identified from our biochemical database using our inclusion criteria. After exclusion criteria were applied, 71 patients' results were analysed as to the final pathophysiology of their central hypothyroidism.

Result

Of the 71 patients included in the study, none were found to have any clinically significant pathology on pituitary imaging. On reviewing their medications, 46/71 (65%) were found to be taking psychotropic medications.

Conclusions

Our study strongly suggests isolated central hypothyroidism, in the absence of other pituitary hormone dysfunction or visual field defect, does not require further investigation, saving resources as well as sparing patients unnecessary anxiety. It also strongly supports a relationship between patients taking psychotropic medications and biochemical isolated central hypothyroidism, an association only described in a very limited amount of literature before this, and further supporting our previous single‐centre study findings. The mechanism behind this is likely to be the suppression of thyrotropin secretion via antagonism of the dopamine‐serotoninergic pathway. In our opinion, patients found to have isolated biochemical central hypothyroidism who are taking psychotropic medications can therefore be regarded to have a recognised cause for this biochemical finding and do not require further radiological investigation.
Efficacy of telepractice, an alternative therapy tool during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, for speech disorders related to congenital anomalies
Authors: Hayakawa Toko , Imura Hideto , Inoue Chisako , Mori Tomoko , Aihara Yoshiko , Tsujiuchi Shion , Niimi Teruyuki , Natsume Nagato
Published: September 2023

Since telepractice regulation does not yet exist in Japan, we assessed telepractice efficacy and the level of satisfaction with telepractice versus that with face‐to‐face practice (FTFP) in speech therapy to establish effective telepractice in Japan. Changes in the number of therapy sessions and therapy levels were compared between telepractice and FTFP sessions conducted during the study period. Additionally, the patients' parents completed a questionnaire survey regarding telepractice. The mean number of sessions was not significantly different between the two types of therapy; the therapy levels, according to stepwise speech therapy, either increased or remained unchanged. The survey showed satisfaction with telepractice among all parents. Telepractice for cleft palate speech was delivered successfully with complete parental satisfaction.
Racism suitable for children? Intersections between child innocence and white innocence
Authors: Yang Ahrong
Published: September 2023

This article examines the concept of ‘child‐friendliness’ through different notions of innocence in a Danish context. It looks at how such notions are upheld, negotiated and inform ideas of race, making race seem a concern primarily for adults. The analysis is based on empirical material conducted with children (age 11–12) and their discussions about a storyline for a video game. Here race becomes central when the children call one of the locations in their game ‘n‐word Island’. They later reconsider the name because, according to the children, the name is racist and thus not ‘child‐friendly’.
The facial–coronal ridge crest alterations after single immediate implant placement and provisionalization with thin buccal plate phenotype in anterior maxilla: A radiographic case‐series study
Authors: Yi Chun , Jiang Xi , Di Ping , Ren Shuxin , Lin Ye
Published: September 2023

Aim

To explore the features of and potential landmarks that predict crestal ridge remodeling after immediate implant placement and provisionalization (IIPP) with thin buccal plate phenotype in the anterior maxilla.

Materials and methods

Patients requiring IIPP of single maxillary incisor with thin buccal bone plate (<1 mm) were recruited. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT), performed before and 6 months after the intervention, were three‐dimensionally superimposed. A virtual line connecting the bony emergence points of adjacent teeth was drawn as a reference. The facial–coronal alveolar crest of the extraction socket and healed ridge were located in mesial, middle and distal cross‐sectional planes, and linear ridge reductions were measured. The correlation between ridge reduction and local factors was analyzed.

Results

Fifty patients were included. From the extraction socket to healed ridge, the alveolar crest underwent linear bone reduction of 1.50 ± 0.50, 1.54 ± 0.66 and 1.65 ± 0.73 mm in the mesial, middle, and distal regions in an apical–palatal direction. The middle region had significantly higher horizontal (facial–palatal) but lower vertical (coronal–apical) bone reduction than the mesial and distal areas (P < 0.01). The facial–coronal ridge crest of the healed ridge located close to the reference line. Ridge reduction positively correlated with the distance between the initial facial–coronal crest of the extraction socket and the reference line (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Alveolar crest of the socket lost its curvature and tended to attain a flat profile after IIPP due to inconsistent ridge reduction in middle, mesial and distal areas. The reference line may be a potential landmark for predicting the ridge crest after remodeling.
Group 4 ITI Consensus Report: Patient benefits following implant treatment in partially and fully edentulous patients
Authors: Schimmel Martin , Araujo Mauricio , Abou‐Ayash Samir , Buser Ramona , Ebenezer Supriya , Fonseca Manrique , Heitz‐Mayfield Lisa J. , Holtzman Lucrezia Paterno , Kamnoedboon Porawit , Levine Robert , McKenna Gerry , Maniewicz Sabrina , Matarazzo Flavia , Mattheos Nikos , Papaspyridakos Panos , De Souza André Barbisan , Srinivasan Murali , Stilwell Charlotte , Weber Hans Peter
Published: September 2023

Objectives

The aim of Working Group 4 was to address patient benefits associated with implant dentistry. Focused questions on (a) dental patient‐reported outcomes (dPROs), (b) improvement in orofacial function, and (c) preservation of orofacial tissues in partially and fully edentulous patients following provision of implant‐retained/supported dental prostheses were addressed.

Materials and Methods

Three systematic reviews formed the basis for discussion. Participants developed statements and recommendations determined by group consensus based on the findings of the systematic reviews. These were then presented and accepted following further discussion and modifications as required by the plenary of the 7th ITI Consensus Conference, taking place in 2023 in Lisbon, Portugal.

Results

Edentulous patients wearing complete dentures (CD) experience substantial improvements in overall dPROs and orofacial function following treatment with either complete implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (CIFDP) or implant overdentures (IODs). With respect to dPROs, mandibular IODs retained by two implants are superior to IODs retained by one implant. However, increasing the number of implants beyond two, does not further improve dPROs. In fully edentulous patients, rehabilitation with CIFDP or IOD is recommended to benefit the preservation of alveolar bone and masseter muscle thickness.

Conclusions

Completely edentulous patients benefit substantially when at least the mandible is restored using an CIFDP or an IOD compared to CD. In fully edentulous patients, implant prostheses are the best option for tooth replacement. The availability of this treatment modality should be actively promoted in all edentulous communities, including those with limited access and means.
Hand eczema in Danish adolescents—Beyond atopic dermatitis
Authors: Simonsen Anne Birgitte , Dietz Jojo Biel‐Nielsen , Johansen Jeanne Duus
Published: September 2023

Background

Hand eczema (HE) is a common inflammatory skin disease that may have serious consequences. The age of HE onset varies, but is estimated to be early‐ to mid‐20s. However, very little is known about HE in childhood and adolescence.

Objective

We aimed to explore the epidemiology, aetiology and severity of HE among a random sample of Danish adolescents drawn from the general population.

Methods

The study was designed as a self‐administered questionnaire study. An electronic questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 13 000 individuals aged 15–19 years.

Results

The point‐prevalence, 1‐year prevalence and life‐time prevalence of HE among Danish adolescents was 4.9%, 12.1% and 18.3%, respectively. Among patients with a history of HE, 64.6% of cases were not associated with atopic dermatitis. Of all respondents, 60.2% were either part‐time or full‐time employed. Among respondents with current HE, 38.2% believed that the occupational exposures either caused or exacerbated the HE.

Conclusion

We found a high prevalence of HE among Danish adolescents which raises concern. Knowing the potential consequences that HE may have, attention should be paid to the prevention of HE in adolescence, especially on occupational aspects and prevention of skin disease in young workers.
Intellectual Virtues for Interdisciplinary Research: A Consensual Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Vanney Claudia E. , Mesurado Belén , Sáenz José Ignacio Aguinalde , Richaud María Cristina
Published: September 2023

Through a qualitative approach, this study identified a specific subgroup of intellectual virtues necessary for developing interdisciplinary research. Cognitive science was initially conceived as a new discipline emerging from various fields, including philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, and anthropology. Thus, a frequent debate among cognitive scientists is whether the initial multidisciplinary program successfully developed into a mature interdisciplinary field or evolved into a set of independent sciences of cognition. For several years, interdisciplinarity has been an aspiration for the academy, although the difficulties limiting the success of interdisciplinary collaborations have begun to erode that initial optimism. Our analysis suggests that the problems hindering the success of interdisciplinarity can be overcome by fostering certain intellectual character strengths in scholars. The Consensual Qualitative Research method was used to analyze nine semi‐structured interviews involving researchers with a long personal trajectory of interdisciplinary research between the sciences and the humanities. Three virtue domains emerged from the interviews’ analysis: (i) intellectual virtues, (ii) social virtues, and (iii) interpersonal intellectual virtues. The virtues of the third domain intersect with intellectual and social ones. They are intellectual because they pursue epistemic goods. But, unlike other intellectual virtues, they only develop in interpersonal settings, so they can also be considered to have a social component. Interpersonal intellectual virtues can be thus defined as intellectual character traits that facilitate the acquisition of knowledge (intellectual motivation) with and through other people in a reciprocal way (social environment). These virtues are essential for developing any successful collective epistemic enterprise, interdisciplinary research being a privileged context where these qualities manifest themselves in a relevant way.
Analysing spatio‐temporal patterns of non‐native fish in a biodiversity hotspot across decades
Authors: Wang Jie , Ding Chengzhi , Heino Jani , Ding Liuyong , Chen Jinnan , He Dekui , Tao Juan
Published: September 2023

Aim

Analysing the spatio‐temporal patterns and dynamics of non‐native species is essential to understanding the mechanisms underlying successful invasions and developing effective management strategies. Yet, such analyses generally neglect the influence of receiving ecosystem types and non‐native species sources (i.e. alien species, non‐natives originating outside the concerned region; translocated species, non‐natives introduced to locations outside their historical range within the concerned region).

Location

Yunnan, China.

Methods

We analysed long‐term (1950–2022) spatio‐temporal patterns and potential underlying dynamics of non‐native fishes in a biodiversity hotspot (Yunnan, China), paying special attention to waterbody types receiving non‐native species and comparing alien and translocated species. We did this through compiling a highly comprehensive occurrence dataset of native and non‐native fishes.

Results

We recorded 783 native species and 94 non‐native species (49 alien species and 45 translocated species), which mainly belonged to the order Cypriniformes (52 species) and were introduced via purposes for advancing aquaculture. Most frequently encountered non‐native species were either intentionally introduced aquaculture species or small‐bodied fish unintentionally introduced via aquaculture activities. The richness and spatial ranges of non‐native fishes increased consistently since the 1950s and demonstrated a pronounced change after the 2000s, with densely populated areas and the middle to lower reaches of large rivers being more profoundly affected. The number of records of translocated species exceeded the number of records of alien species after the 2000s. Lakes and reservoirs are hotspots for both alien and translocated species introductions, and watersheds with large areas in Yunnan (e.g. the Jinsha‐Yangtze and Lancang‐Mekong basins) contained more non‐native fish.

Main Conclusions

Our study highlights the need to consider invasion sensitivities of receiving ecosystems and pay special attention to intra‐regional species translocations when developing prevention and management strategies against invasions of alien species, particularly in important biodiversity hotspots around the world.
Walking and falling: Using robot simulations to model the role of errors in infant walking
Authors: Ossmy Ori , Han Danyang , MacAlpine Patrick , Hoch Justine , Stone Peter , Adolph Karen E.
Published: September 2023

What is the optimal penalty for errors in infant skill learning? Behavioral analyses indicate that errors are frequent but trivial as infants acquire foundational skills. In learning to walk, for example, falling is commonplace but appears to incur only a negligible penalty. Behavioral data, however, cannot reveal whether a low penalty for falling is beneficial for learning to walk. Here, we used a simulated bipedal robot as an embodied model to test the optimal penalty for errors in learning to walk. We trained the robot to walk using 12,500 independent simulations on walking paths produced by infants during free play and systematically varied the penalty for falling—a level of precision, control, and magnitude impossible with real infants. When trained with lower penalties for falling, the robot learned to walk farther and better on familiar, trained paths and better generalized its learning to novel, untrained paths. Indeed, zero penalty for errors led to the best performance for both learning and generalization. Moreover, the beneficial effects of a low penalty were stronger for generalization than for learning. Robot simulations corroborate prior behavioral data and suggest that a low penalty for errors helps infants learn foundational skills (e.g., walking, talking, and social interactions) that require immense flexibility, creativity, and adaptability.

Research Highlights

During infant skill acquisition, errors are commonplace but appear to incur a low penalty; when learning to walk, for example, falls are frequent but trivial.

To test the optimal penalty for errors, we trained a simulated robot to walk using real infant paths and systematically manipulated the penalty for falling.

Lower penalties in training led to better performance on familiar, trained paths and on novel untrained paths, and zero penalty was most beneficial.

Benefits of a low penalty were stronger for untrained than for trained paths, suggesting that discounting errors facilitates acquiring skills that require immense flexibility and generalization.
Analysis of circRNA profiles and clinical value in Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Lv Pan , Huang Jiangxia , Yang Qianru , Yang Ting , Cao Xianwei , Liu Ougen , Zhang Zhibin
Published: September 2023

Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions, including Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), are challenging to be early diagnosed and evaluate their prognoses. This investigation aimed to analyse the expression profiles of SJS/TEN in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and assess the correlation between circular RNA (circRNA) and disease severity. Sixteen SJS/TEN patients and sixteen controls were enrolled and serum samples of both groups were obtained. CircRNA expression profiles in three SJS/TEN patients and three controls were detected by RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were then performed. The differentially expressed circRNAs were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Then, analysing the correlation of circRNAs with the toxic epidermal necrolysis‐specific severity of illness score (SCORTEN) and the epidermal detachment area. A total of 134 circRNAs were differentially expressed in the PBMCs of SJS/TEN individuals, according to our results. The qPCR showed that three circRNAs (hsa_circ_0000711, hsa_circ_0083619 and hsa_circ_0005615) were down‐regulated, and one circRNA (hsa_circ_0003028) was up‐regulated, which were compatible with the sequencing findings. The concentration of hsa_circ_0083619 was closely associated with the SCORTEN scale (r = −0.581, p = 0.037) and the epidermal detachment area (r = −0.576, p = 0.039). The circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA prediction network was used to construct the hsa_circ_0083619/miR‐18a‐5p/BCL2L10 axis. The hsa_circ_0083619 could serve as a disease severity indicator for SJS/TEN. Through bioinformatics analysis, we speculated that hsa_circ_0083619/miR‐18a‐5p/BCL2L10 axis might play a role in SJS/TEN pathogenesis.
AI literacy in geographic education and research: Capabilities, caveats, and criticality
Authors: Wilby Robert L. , Esson James
Published: September 2023

Concerns about runaway artificial intelligence (AI) – including large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT – are at the forefront of contemporary political, social, and scientific discourse. This commentary provides a first look at ChatGPT's capabilities and limitations in supporting geographic research, critical thinking, learning, and curriculum development. We assessed ChatGPT's geographic knowledge, synthesising abilities, and potential for extrapolation. ChatGPT was employed for writing assistance, research evaluation, curriculum material creation, and content generation. Despite achieving scores of 47% to 55% on an actual exam paper, ChatGPT exhibited shortcomings including the generation of false references. Ethical concerns regarding academic misconduct, model bias, robustness, and toxic output were also identified. We assert that AI and LLMs like ChatGPT have transformative potential in Geography education and knowledge production but demand critical usage. Accordingly, we urge geographers to enhance AI literacy to enable responsible and effective use of these assistive technologies in our academic practice.
Novel Methods for Concomitant Determination of the Stable Zr Isotope Composition, Lu‐Hf Isotope Systematics and U‐Pb Age of Individual Zircons
Authors: Jensen Ninna K. , Deng Zhengbin , Connelly James N. , Bizzarro Martin
Published: September 2023

The stable Zr isotope ratios in zircon yield a novel geochemical tracer that, together with the Lu‐Hf and U‐Pb radiogenic isotope systems, allows for a better understanding of the magmatic evolution of silicate melts. We present a solution‐based procedure for coupled stable Zr, Lu‐Hf and U‐Pb isotope ratio determinations for individual zircons using a 91Zr‐96Zr tracer purified from Hf and a late‐spiking protocol for Zr. This method yields high‐precision Zr and Hf isotope results while maintaining low blank levels for U‐Pb isotope and Lu/Hf ratio determinations. With a two‐fold improvement on the precision relative to previous solution‐based work, we report δ94ZrIPGP‐Zr values (deviation of the 94Zr/90Zr ratio in the sample relative to the IPGP‐Zr reference material) and associated intermediate precisions (2s) for the zircon reference materials 91500, Mud Tank, Plešovice and Penglai of ‐0.041 ± 0.015‰, 0.018 ± 0.013‰, 0.089 ± 0.020‰ and ‐0.117 ± 0.021‰, respectively. Furthermore, this method yields un‐biased δ94ZrIPGP‐Zr and 176Hf/177Hf results for 25‐ng Zr and 0.56‐ng Hf aliquots of the Mud Tank zircon with intermediate precisions (2s) of 0.027‰ and 1.7 ε (parts per ten thousand), respectively. Thus, the presented method is applicable for the analysis of extremely small and rare zircon grains.
Embarking on the postdoc journey: Unveiling Chinese doctoral graduates' expectations and experiences
Authors: Zheng Gaoming , Li Liping , Zhai Yue , Shen Wenqin
Published: September 2023

Whilst China has become home to the second largest doctoral education system in the world, with over 20% of its doctoral graduates taking up postdoctoral researcher positions inside and outside of China, a lack of information regarding the expectations of these doctoral graduates in pursuing postdocs has resulted in a failure to meet their expectations, leading to insufficient institutional support for their career development. In order to improve this situation and provide more tailored institutional support for Chinese postdocs, we conducted interviews with 30 doctoral graduates from elite Chinese universities from February 2020 to December 2021 to understand their expectations for and experiences of postdocs. The data identified four expected‐to‐accumulated capitals during postdoc experiences: personal scientific capital, discipline‐related social capital, institution‐related social capital and family‐related social capital. Among these, the primary consideration for engaging in postdocs is to enhance personal scientific capital in both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Chinese doctoral graduates who choose domestic postdocs have higher expectations for increasing institution‐based social capital, while those who go abroad expect to develop discipline‐related social capital within the international academic community. Understanding these expectations will be instrumental in developing optimal approaches to providing institutional support for the career development of Chinese postdocs.
Patient perceptions of in‐hospital laboratory blood testing: A patient‐oriented and patient co‐designed qualitative study
Authors: Pokharel Surakshya , Khawaja Zoha , Williams Jonathan , Mithwani Adnan Adil , Strain Kimberly , Khanna Prachi , Rychtera Anna , Kiryanova Veronika , Tang Karen , Mathura Pamela , Hylton Chris , Ambasta Anshula
Published: September 2023

Background

Indiscriminate use of laboratory blood testing in hospitals contributes to patient discomfort and healthcare waste. Patient engagement in low‐value healthcare can help reduce overuse. Understanding patient experience is necessary to identify opportunities to improve patient engagement with in‐hospital laboratory testing.

Objectives

To understand patient experience with the process of in‐hospital laboratory blood testing.

Methods

We used a qualitative study design via semistructured interviews conducted online or over the phone. Participants were adult patients or family members/caregivers (≥18 years of age) with a recent (within 12 months of interview) experience of hospitalization in Alberta or British Columbia, Canada. We identified participants through convenience sampling and conducted interviews between May 2021 and June 2022. We analysed transcripts using thematic content analysis. Recruitment was continued until code saturation was reached.

Results

We interviewed 16 participants (13 patients, 1 family member and 2 caregivers). We identified four themes from patients' experiences of in‐hospital laboratory blood testing: (i) patients need information from healthcare teams about expected blood testing processes, (ii) blood draw processes should consider patient comfort and preferences, (iii) patients want information from their healthcare teams about the rationale and frequency of blood testing and (iv) patients need information on how their testing results affect their medical care.

Conclusion

Current laboratory testing processes in hospitals do not facilitate shared decision‐making and patient engagement. Patient engagement with laboratory testing in hospitals requires an empathetic healthcare team that provides clear communication regarding testing procedures, rationale and results, while considering patient preferences and offering opportunities for involvement.

Patient or Public Contribution

We interviewed 16 patients and/or family members/caregivers regarding their in‐hospital laboratory blood testing experiences. Our findings show correlations between patient needs and patient recommendations to make testing processes more patient‐centred. To bring a lived‐experience lens to this study, we formed a Patient Advisory Council with 9–11 patient research partners. Our patient research partners informed the research design, co‐developed participant recruitment strategies, co‐conducted data collection and informed the data analysis. Some of our patient research partners are co‐authors of this manuscript.