bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Justifying Representation of Future Generations and Nature: Contradictory or Mutually Supporting Values?
Authors: Lawrence Peter
Published: July 2022

At first blush, normative arguments justifying representation of future generations and nature appear to rest on contradictory values. This article argues, however, that there are strong synergies between these discourses. Arguments for institutions for future generations based on human rights are compared with justifications for proxy representation of nature based on ecological justice, Indigenous ecological justice and socio-ecological justice. Case studies involving the Welsh Commissioner for Future Generations, the Aotearoa New Zealand Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment, and ascribing legal personality to rivers in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, are presented to demonstrate that representing future generations and nature reflect mutually supporting values. Building on these synergies is vital for reform efforts.
Online Identification of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms and Relevant Factors in Patients with Covid-19 in Turkey During Quarantine
Authors: Havlioglu Suzan , Kahraman Selma , Kizir Yusuf , Acar Ufuk
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Aim: Via online interviews, this study identifies the obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) of patients diagnosed with Covid-19 and quarantined at home for 14 days, to determine the incidence of these symptoms, to detect OCSs in the early period, and to identify the associated risk factors. Method: This research was designed as a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of patients who had tested positive in the real-time PCR test for Covid-19 and were quarantined at home in the Şanlıurfa Province of Turkey. The study sample comprised 800 patients contacted between January and April 2021. The data were collected online using a questionnaire that included sociodemographic characteristics, questions on postinfection changes, and the Padua Inventory, a valid tool for determining the level of OCSs. Results: The frequency of obsessive-compulsive symptoms during quarantine was calculated as 11.2%, and the mean Padua Inventory score was 48.19  ±  19.17. Conclusion: The results of this study show that patients quarantined at home for 14 days with the diagnosis of Covid-19 are less likely to exhibit obsessive-compulsive symptoms during this period. It also shows that the risk of OCSs was lower particularly in patients who had completed a university or higher education and had no previous psychiatric disease or chronic disease diagnosis.
Lehrbuch Statistik
Authors: Leonhart Rainer
Published: July 2022

Die fünfte, überarbeitete Auflage stellt in klarer Form die relevanten Themen der Statistik vor. Nach einem einleitenden Kapitel zu häufig auftretenden Problemen der statistischen Auswertung werden nach der Definition von Messung die Deskriptive Statistik und die grafische Darstellung von Daten vorgestellt. Die Schließende Statistik wird mit einfachen parametrischen und nicht-parametrischen Verfahren eingeführt. Anschließend werden nach der Erläuterung verschiedener Korrelationskoeffizienten die einfache und multiple Regression sowie Mediator- und Moderatoranalysen und logistische Modelle besprochen. Die Varianzanalyse als eines der wichtigsten statistischen Verfahren in der psychologischen Forschung wird ausführlich dargestellt und die Faktorenanalyse, die Clusteranalyse, die Analyse von Strukturgleichungsmodellen und andere multivariate Verfahren werden behandelt. Für die 5. Auflage wurde der Text aktualisiert und teilweise neu strukturiert.
Comparison of Climate Model Large Ensembles With Observations in the Arctic Using Simple Neural Networks
Authors: Labe Zachary M. , Barnes Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2022

Evaluating historical simulations from global climate models (GCMs) remains an important exercise for better understanding future projections of climate change and variability in rapidly warming regions, such as the Arctic. As an alternative approach for comparing climate models and observations, we set up a machine learning classification task using a shallow artificial neural network (ANN). Specifically, we train an ANN on maps of annual mean near‐surface temperature in the Arctic from a multi‐model large ensemble archive in order to classify which GCM produced each temperature map. After training our ANN on data from the large ensembles, we input annual mean maps of Arctic temperature from observational reanalysis and sort the prediction output according to increasing values of the ANN's confidence for each GCM class. To attempt to understand how the ANN is classifying each temperature map with a GCM, we leverage a feature attribution method from explainable artificial intelligence. By comparing composites from the attribution method for every GCM classification, we find that the ANN is learning regional temperature patterns in the Arctic that are unique to each GCM relative to the multi‐model mean ensemble. In agreement with recent studies, we show that ANNs can be useful tools for extracting regional climate signals in GCMs and observations.
An Improved Method to Moho Depth Recovery From Gravity Disturbance and Its Application in the South China Sea
Authors: Li Jinbo , Xu Chuang , Chen Haopeng
Published: July 2022

Two hyperparameters, the mean Moho depth and the Moho density contrast, must be specified before the gravity inversion of Moho. Incorrect estimation will impact inversed Moho morphology. The purpose of this study is to present a new gravimetric Moho inversion method. The key improvement of the new method is to accurately estimate the Moho density contrast, based on a linear relationship between the depth of known points and gravity observations. The method is illustrated by a synthetic experiment where the estimated density contrast differs from the true value by only 0.0011 , showing a 93% improvement compared to the initial estimate. The results of processing the noise data show that, our method's accuracy is minimally affected by noise, but is sensitive to the number of known points. Nevertheless, when using only 10 known points, there is still a 50% probability of obtaining a solution with a root mean square (RMS) less than 1 km. When the number of points is greater than 64, the effect of the uniformity of the point distribution is almost negligible. In the real case, we employed the proposed method to invert the South China Sea (SCS) Moho depth. The Moho model reveals that, there is a distinct zoning feature at Moho depth in the SCS, and the 13.5 km isodepth line indicates the continent‐ocean boundary. Furthermore, the RMS of the difference between the gravimetric Moho model and the seismological data is 1.64 km, which is primarily attributed to the lateral variation of the density contrast.
Detection of Organic Carbon in Mars‐Analog Paleosols With Thermal and Evolved Gas Analysis
Authors: Broz Adrian P. , Clark Joanna , Sutter Brad , Ming Doug W. , Horgan Briony , Archer Paul Douglas , Silva Lucas C. R.
Published: July 2022

Ancient, buried soils, or paleosols, may have been preserved in the geological record on Mars, and are considered high‐priority targets for biosignature investigation. Studies of paleosols on Earth that are similar in composition to putative martian paleosols can provide a reference frame for constraining their organic preservation potential on Mars. However, terrestrial paleosols typically preserve only trace amounts of organic carbon, and determining what carbon is original is complicated by diagenesis and additions of modern carbon. The objectives of this study were (a) to determine whether organic carbon in Mars‐analog paleosols can be detected with thermal and evolved gas analysis, and (b) constrain the age of organic carbon using radiocarbon (14C) dating. Oligocene (33 Ma) paleosols from Oregon were examined with an instrument similar to the Sample Analysis at Mars Evolved Gas Analysis instrument onboard the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover. Trace amounts of organic carbon and fragments of organic molecules were observed in all samples. Total organic carbon (TOC) ranged from 0.002 to 0.032 ± 0.006 wt. %. The near‐surface horizons of paleosols had significantly higher TOC relative to subsurface layers. Radiocarbon dating of four samples revealed an organic carbon age of ∼6,200–14,500 years before present and a fraction modern ranging from 0.16 to 0.46. Modeled abundances of modern carbon in bulk samples ranged from 0.41%–3.1% ± 0.11%, which were consistent with additions of small amounts of modern organic carbon. This work demonstrates that martian paleosols are a potential high priority location for in‐situ biosignature investigation.
Red Noise in Steady‐State Multiphase Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Spurin Catherine , Rücker Maja , Moura Marcel , Bultreys Tom , Garfi Gaetano , Berg Steffen , Blunt Martin J. , Krevor Samuel
Published: July 2022

Understanding the interaction between competing fluids in the pore space of rocks is key for predicting subsurface flow and trapping, such as with CO2 in a saline aquifer. These processes occur over a large span of timescales (from seconds to thousands of years), and length scales (from microns to kilometers). Understanding the link between these temporal and spatial scales will enable us to interpolate between observations made at different resolutions. In this work we explore the temporal scales present during macroscopically steady‐state multiphase flow in a porous carbonate rock using differential pressure measurements acquired over a period of 60 min. Nitrogen and brine were injected simultaneously into a sample 5 mm in diameter and 21 mm in length. We observe a cascade of timescales in the pressure differential that is, a continuous range of frequencies, with lower frequencies having greater amplitudes. We demonstrate a scaling of the spectral density with frequency of S ∼ 1/f2, or red noise, to describe the dynamics. This scaling is independent of the flow rate of the fluids or the fraction of the flow taken by water. This red, or Brownian, noise indicates a stochastic process where pressure fluctuations are seen throughout the pore space, resulting in intermittent filling of pores over a wide range of time‐scales, from seconds to minutes in these experiments. The presence of red noise suggests self‐organized critically, with no characteristic time or length scale.
Signalling pathways in autism spectrum disorder: mechanisms and therapeutic implications
Authors: Jiang Chen-Chen , Lin Li-Shan , Long Sen , Ke Xiao-Yan , Fukunaga Kohji , Lu Ying-Mei , Han Feng
Published: July 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent and complex neurodevelopmental disorder which has strong genetic basis. Despite the rapidly rising incidence of autism, little is known about its aetiology, risk factors, and disease progression. There are currently neither validated biomarkers for diagnostic screening nor specific medication for autism. Over the last two decades, there have been remarkable advances in genetics, with hundreds of genes identified and validated as being associated with a high risk for autism. The convergence of neuroscience methods is becoming more widely recognized for its significance in elucidating the pathological mechanisms of autism. Efforts have been devoted to exploring the behavioural functions, key pathological mechanisms and potential treatments of autism. Here, as we highlight in this review, emerging evidence shows that signal transduction molecular events are involved in pathological processes such as transcription, translation, synaptic transmission, epigenetics and immunoinflammatory responses. This involvement has important implications for the discovery of precise molecular targets for autism. Moreover, we review recent insights into the mechanisms and clinical implications of signal transduction in autism from molecular, cellular, neural circuit, and neurobehavioural aspects. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives are discussed with regard to novel strategies predicated on the biological features of autism.
Nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular aging and related diseases
Authors: Xu Hui , Li Shuang , Liu You-Shuo
Published: July 2022

Aging-induced alternations of vasculature structures, phenotypes, and functions are key in the occurrence and development of vascular aging-related diseases. Multiple molecular and cellular events, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, cellular senescence, and epigenetic alterations are highly associated with vascular aging physiopathology. Advances in nanoparticles and nanotechnology, which can realize sensitive diagnostic modalities, efficient medical treatment, and better prognosis as well as less adverse effects on non-target tissues, provide an amazing window in the field of vascular aging and related diseases. Throughout this review, we presented current knowledge on classification of nanoparticles and the relationship between vascular aging and related diseases. Importantly, we comprehensively summarized the potential of nanoparticles-based diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in vascular aging and related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, as well as chronic kidney diseases, and discussed the advantages and limitations of their clinical applications.
Exome sequencing analysis of Japanese autism spectrum disorder case-control sample supports an increased burden of synaptic function-related genes
Authors: Kimura Hiroki , Nakatochi Masahiro , Aleksic Branko , Guevara James , Toyama Miho , Hayashi Yu , Kato Hidekazu , Kushima Itaru , Morikawa Mako , Ishizuka Kanako , Okada Takashi , Tsurusaki Yoshinori , Fujita Atsushi , Miyake Noriko , Ogi Tomoo , Takata Atsushi , Matsumoto Naomichi , Buxbaum Joseph , Ozaki Norio , Sebat Jonathan
Published: July 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable, complex disorder in which rare variants contribute significantly to disease risk. Although many genes have been associated with ASD, there have been few genetic studies of ASD in the Japanese population. In whole exomes from a Japanese ASD sample of 309 cases and 299 controls, rare variants were associated with ASD within specific neurodevelopmental gene sets, including highly constrained genes, fragile X mental retardation protein target genes, and genes involved in synaptic function, with the strongest enrichment in trans-synaptic signaling (p = 4.4 × 10−4,Q-value = 0.06). In particular, we strengthen the evidence regarding the role ofABCA13, a synaptic function-related gene, in Japanese ASD. The overall results of this case-control exome study showed that rare variants related to synaptic function are associated with ASD susceptibility in the Japanese population.
Exosomal circWDR62 promotes temozolomide resistance and malignant progression through regulation of the miR-370-3p/MGMT axis in glioma
Authors: Geng Xiuchao , Zhang Yuhao , Lin Xiaomeng , Zeng Zhaomu , Hu Jun , Hao Liangchao , Xu Jianglong , Wang Xinjuan , Wang Hong , Li Qiang
Published: July 2022

Exosome-mediated delivery of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is implicated in cancer progression. However, the role of exosomal circRNAs in the chemotherapy resistance of tumours remains poorly understood. Here we identified a novel circRNA, circWDR62. It was found that circWDR62 expression was upregulated in TMZ-resistant glioma cells and TMZ-resistant glioma cell-derived exosomes compared with their controls by using high-throughput microarray analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and high circWDR62 expression was associated with poor prognosis of glioma. Functionally, downregulation of circWDR62 expression could significantly inhibit the TMZ resistance and malignant progression of glioma. Further mechanistic studies showed that circWDR62 plays a role by sponging miR-370-3p as a competing endogenous RNA. Rescue experiments confirmed that MGMT is the downstream target of the circWDR62/miR-370-3p axis in glioma. In addition, circWDR62 could be transported between TMZ-resistant and TMZ-sensitive glioma cells via exosomes. Exosomal circWDR62 from TMZ-resistant cells conferred TMZ resistance in recipient sensitive cells while also enhancing the proliferation, migration and invasion of these cells. A series of clinical and in vivo trials corroborated that exosomal circWDR62 could promote TMZ chemoresistance and malignant progression of glioma. Our results demonstrate for the first time that exosome-mediated delivery of circWDR62 can promote TMZ resistance and malignant progression via targeting of the miR-370-3p/MGMT axis in vitro and in vivo in glioma, providing a new therapeutic strategy. Moreover, exosomal circWDR62 in human serum may serve as a promising therapeutic target and prognostic marker for glioma therapy.
Translational fidelity and growth of Arabidopsis require stress-sensitive diphthamide biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Hongliang , Quintana Julia , Ütkür Koray , Adrian Lorenz , Hawer Harmen , Mayer Klaus , Gong Xiaodi , Castanedo Leonardo , Schulten Anna , Janina Nadežda , Peters Marcus , Wirtz Markus , Brinkmann Ulrich , Schaffrath Raffael , Krämer Ute
Published: July 2022

Diphthamide, a post-translationally modified histidine residue of eukaryotic TRANSLATION ELONGATION FACTOR2 (eEF2), is the human host cell-sensitizing target of diphtheria toxin. Diphthamide biosynthesis depends on the 4Fe-4S-cluster protein Dph1 catalyzing the first committed step, as well as Dph2 to Dph7, in yeast and mammals. Here we show that diphthamide modification of eEF2 is conserved inArabidopsis thalianaand requires AtDPH1. Ribosomal −1 frameshifting-error rates are increased in Arabidopsisdph1mutants, similar to yeast and mice. Compared to the wild type, shorter roots and smaller rosettes ofdph1mutants result from fewer formed cells. TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) kinase activity is attenuated, and autophagy is activated, indph1mutants. Under abiotic stress diphthamide-unmodified eEF2 accumulates in wild-type seedlings, most strongly upon heavy metal excess, which is conserved in human cells. In summary, our results suggest that diphthamide contributes to the functionality of the translational machinery monitored by plants to regulate growth.
Deep learning for development of organic optoelectronic devices: efficient prescreening of hosts and emitters in deep-blue fluorescent OLEDs
Authors: Jeong Minseok , Joung Joonyoung F. , Hwang Jinhyo , Han Minhi , Koh Chang Woo , Choi Dong Hoon , Park Sungnam
Published: July 2022

The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies, which are key factors in optoelectronic devices, must be accurately estimated for newly designed materials. Here, we developed a deep learning (DL) model that was trained with an experimental database containing the HOMO and LUMO energies of 3026 organic molecules in solvents or solids and was capable of predicting the HOMO and LUMO energies of molecules with the mean absolute errors of 0.058 eV. Additionally, we demonstrated that our DL model was efficiently used to virtually screen optimal host and emitter molecules for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Deep-blue fluorescent OLEDs, which were fabricated with emitter and host molecules selected via DL prediction, exhibited narrow emission (bandwidth = 36 nm) at 412 nm and an external quantum efficiency of 6.58%. Our DL-assisted virtual screening method can be further applied to the development of component materials in optoelectronics.
Comparative genome anatomy reveals evolutionary insights into a unique amphitriploid fish
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Xi-Yin , Xu Wen-Jie , Wang Kun , Wu Bin , Xu Meng , Chen Yan , Miao Li-Jun , Wang Zhong-Wei , Li Zhi , Zhang Xiao-Juan , Yin Zhan , Zhou Bo-Tong , Yang Yu-Lan , Zhu Cheng-Long , Hu Ming-Liang , Zheng Jiang-Ming , Feng Chen-Guang , Qiu Qiang , Tian Le-Tian , Lu Meng , Peng Fang , Lu Wei-Jia , Tong Jin-Feng , Tong Jin-Gou , Fu Bei-De , Yu Peng , Ding Miao , Gan Rui-Hai , Zhang Qin-Qin , Jian Jian-Bo , Zhang Chi , He Wei-Ming , Yang Wei , Zhao Zi-Cheng , Zhang Qian-Qian , Gao Qiang , Xu Jun-Yang , Bai Ming-Zhou , Zhang Ya-Ping , Yang Huan-Ming , Fang Xiao-Dong , Wang Wen , Zhou Li , Gui Jian-Fang
Published: July 2022

Triploids are rare in nature because of difficulties in meiotic and gametogenic processes, especially in vertebrates. TheCarassiuscomplex of cyprinid teleosts contains sexual tetraploid crucian carp/goldfish (C. auratus) and unisexual hexaploid gibel carp/Prussian carp (C. gibelio) lineages, providing a valuable model for studying the evolution and maintenance mechanism of unisexual polyploids in vertebrates. Here we sequence the genomes of the two species and assemble their haplotypes, which contain two subgenomes (A and B), to the chromosome level. Sequencing coverage analysis reveals thatC. gibeliois an amphitriploid (AAABBB) with two triploid sets of chromosomes; each set is derived from a different ancestor. Resequencing data from different strains ofC. gibelioshow that unisexual reproduction has been maintained for over 0.82 million years. Comparative genomics show intensive expansion and alterations of meiotic cell cycle-related genes and an oocyte-specific histone variant. Cytological assays indicate thatC. gibelioproduces unreduced oocytes by an alternative ameiotic pathway; however, sporadic homologous recombination and a high rate of gene conversion also exist inC. gibelio. These genomic changes might have facilitated purging deleterious mutations and maintaining genome stability in this unisexual amphitriploid fish. Overall, the current results provide novel insights into the evolutionary mechanisms of the reproductive success in unisexual polyploid vertebrates.
Monkey visual attention does not fall into the uncanny valley
Authors: Carp Sarah B. , Santistevan Anthony C. , Machado Christopher J. , Whitaker Alexander M. , Aguilar Brittany L. , Bliss-Moreau Eliza
Published: July 2022

Very humanlike artificial agents can induce feelings of uneasiness in human perceivers. Stimuli that generate this response are said to occupy “the uncanny valley”. Given inconsistent findings in the literature, whether or not nonhuman animals experience the uncanny valley is unclear. Here, we recorded the visual attention of eleven male rhesus monkeys as they viewed faces varying in realness across five levels, with visual attention measured by both number and duration of visual fixations on faces as a whole and on areas of interest within the faces (e.g., eyes, mouth). Face stimuli varied in terms of the realism of the image and behavior depicted by the face (lipsmack, threat, bared teeth, and neutral). We largely found no support that rhesus monkeys perceive an uncanny valley when viewing our stimuli; however, monkeys did generally pay more attention to eyes and less attention to mouths in real images compared to less realistic images. Across all stimuli, monkeys’ visual attention was drawn to the mouths of images when teeth were visible. These findings suggest that rhesus monkeys in our study did not display an uncanny valley effect when viewing realistic stimuli but did percieve affective information depicted by faces regardless of how real those faces appear.
Sequential accumulation of dynein and its regulatory proteins at the spindle region in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo
Authors: Torisawa Takayuki , Kimura Akatsuki
Published: July 2022

Cytoplasmic dynein is responsible for various cellular processes during the cell cycle. The mechanism by which its activity is regulated spatially and temporarily inside the cell remains elusive. There are various regulatory proteins of dynein, including dynactin, NDEL1/NUD-2, and LIS1. Characterizing the spatiotemporal localization of regulatory proteins in vivo will aid understanding of the cellular regulation of dynein. Here, we focused on spindle formation in theCaenorhabditis elegansearly embryo, wherein dynein and its regulatory proteins translocated from the cytoplasm to the spindle region upon nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD). We found that (i) a limited set of dynein regulatory proteins accumulated in the spindle region, (ii) the spatial localization patterns were distinct among the regulators, and (iii) the regulatory proteins did not accumulate in the spindle region simultaneously but sequentially. Furthermore, the accumulation of NUD-2 was unique among the regulators. NUD-2 started to accumulate before NEBD (pre-NEBD accumulation), and exhibited the highest enrichment compared to the cytoplasmic concentration. Using a protein injection approach, we revealed that the C-terminal helix of NUD-2 was responsible for pre-NEBD accumulation. These findings suggest a fine temporal control of the subcellular localization of regulatory proteins.
Identification and validation of Alzheimer’s disease-related metabolic brain pattern in biomarker confirmed Alzheimer’s dementia patients
Authors: Perovnik Matej , Tomše Petra , Jamšek Jan , Emeršič Andreja , Tang Chris , Eidelberg David , Trošt Maja
Published: July 2022

Metabolic brain biomarkers have been incorporated in various diagnostic guidelines of neurodegenerative diseases, recently. To improve their diagnostic accuracy a biologically and clinically homogeneous sample is needed for their identification. Alzheimer’s disease-related pattern (ADRP) has been identified previously in cohorts of clinically diagnosed patients with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), meaning that its diagnostic accuracy might have been reduced due to common clinical misdiagnosis. In our study, we aimed to identify ADRP in a cohort of AD patients with CSF confirmed diagnosis, validate it in large out-of-sample cohorts and explore its relationship with patients’ clinical status. For identification we analyzed 2-[18F]FDG PET brain scans of 20 AD patients and 20 normal controls (NCs). For validation, 2-[18F]FDG PET scans from 261 individuals with AD, behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia, mild cognitive impairment and NC were analyzed. We identified an ADRP that is characterized by relatively reduced metabolic activity in temporoparietal cortices, posterior cingulate and precuneus which co-varied with relatively increased metabolic activity in the cerebellum. ADRP expression significantly differentiated AD from NC (AUC = 0.95) and other dementia types (AUC = 0.76–0.85) and its expression correlated with clinical measures of global cognition and neuropsychological indices in all cohorts.
Genomic instability genes in lung and colon adenocarcinoma indicate organ specificity of transcriptomic impact on Copy Number Alterations
Authors: Rao Chinthalapally V. , Xu Chao , Zhang Yuting , Asch Adam S. , Yamada Hiroshi Y.
Published: July 2022

Genomic instability (GI) in cancer facilitates cancer evolution and is an exploitable target for therapy purposes. However, specific genes involved in cancer GI remain elusive. Causal genes for GI via expressions have not been comprehensively identified in colorectal cancers (CRCs). To fill the gap in knowledge, we developed a data mining strategy (Gene Expression to Copy Number Alterations; “GE-CNA”). Here we applied the GE-CNA approach to 592 TCGA CRC datasets, and identified 500 genes whose expression levels associate with CNA. Among these, 18 were survival-critical (i.e., expression levels correlate with significant differences in patients’ survival). Comparison with previous results indicated striking differences between lung adenocarcinoma and CRC: (a) less involvement of overexpression of mitotic genes in generating genomic instability in the colon and (b) the presence of CNA-suppressing pathways, including immune-surveillance, was only partly similar to those in the lung. Following 13 genes (TIGD6, TMED6, APOBEC3D, EP400NL, B3GNT4, ZNF683, FOXD4, FOXD4L1, PKIB, DDB2, MT1G, CLCN3, CAPS) were evaluated as potential drug development targets (hazard ratio [> 1.3 or < 0.5]). Identification of specific CRC genomic instability genes enables researchers to develop GI targeting approach. The new results suggest that the “targeting genomic instability and/or aneuploidy” approach must be tailored for specific organs.
Stockwell transform and semi-supervised feature selection from deep features for classification of BCI signals
Authors: Salimpour Sahar , Kalbkhani Hashem , Seyyedi Saeed , Solouk Vahid
Published: July 2022

Over the past few years, the processing of motor imagery (MI) electroencephalography (EEG) signals has been attracted for developing brain-computer interface (BCI) applications, since feature extraction and classification of these signals are extremely difficult due to the inherent complexity and tendency to artifact properties of them. The BCI systems can provide a direct interaction pathway/channel between the brain and a peripheral device, hence the MI EEG-based BCI systems seem crucial to control external devices for patients suffering from motor disabilities. The current study presents a semi-supervised model based on three-stage feature extraction and machine learning algorithms for MI EEG signal classification in order to improve the classification accuracy with smaller number of deep features for distinguishing right- and left-hand MI tasks. Stockwell transform is employed at the first phase of the proposed feature extraction method to generate two-dimensional time–frequency maps (TFMs) from one-dimensional EEG signals. Next, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is applied to find deep feature sets from TFMs. Then, the semi-supervised discriminant analysis (SDA) is utilized to minimize the number of descriptors. Finally, the performance of five classifiers, including support vector machine, discriminant analysis,k-nearest neighbor, decision tree, random forest, and the fusion of them are compared. The hyperparameters of SDA and mentioned classifiers are optimized by Bayesian optimization to maximize the accuracy. The presented model is validated using BCI competition II dataset III and BCI competition IV dataset 2b. The performance metrics of the proposed method indicate its efficiency for classifying MI EEG signals.
Explainable machine learning for real-time deterioration alert prediction to guide pre-emptive treatment
Authors: Brankovic Aida , Hassanzadeh Hamed , Good Norm , Mann Kay , Khanna Sankalp , Abdel-Hafez Ahmad , Cook David
Published: July 2022

The Electronic Medical Record (EMR) provides an opportunity to manage patient care efficiently and accurately. This includes clinical decision support tools for the timely identification of adverse events or acute illnesses preceded by deterioration. This paper presents a machine learning-driven tool developed using real-time EMR data for identifying patients at high risk of reaching critical conditions that may demand immediate interventions. This tool provides a pre-emptive solution that can help busy clinicians to prioritize their efforts while evaluating the individual patient risk of deterioration. The tool also provides visualized explanation of the main contributing factors to its decisions, which can guide the choice of intervention. When applied to a test cohort of 18,648 patient records, the tool achieved 100% sensitivity for prediction windows 2–8 h in advance for patients that were identified at 95%, 85% and 70% risk of deterioration.
Imaging characteristics of pulmonary BCG/TB infection in patients with chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Yao Qiong , Zhou Qin-hua , Shen Quan-li , Wang Xiao-chuan , Hu Xi-hong
Published: July 2022

In China, tuberculosis (TB) is endemic and the Bacillus Callmette–Güerin (BCG) vaccine is administered to all the newborns, which may lead to BCG infection in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Infection of BCG/TB in CGD patients can be fatal and pulmonary is the most affected organ. Our objective was to assess the imaging of pulmonary BCG/TB infection in CGD. We screened 169 CGD patients and identified the patients with pulmonary BCG/TB infection. BCG infection was diagnosis according to the vaccination history, local infection manifestation, acid-fast bacilli staining, specific polymerase chain reaction, and/or spoligotyping. PPD, T-SPOT and acid-fast bacilli staining were used for diagnosis of TB. Totally 58 patients were identified, including TB (n = 7), solely BCG (n = 18), BCG + bacterial (n = 20), and BCG + fungi (n = 13). The onset of BCG disease was much earlier than TB. For those patients only with BCG, lymphadenopathy was the first and most prevalent feature. The most found location was the left axilla, followed by the ipsilateral cervical areas and mediastinal or hilar area. On chest CT, ground-glass opacities, multiple nodules and pulmonary scarring were the most common findings. For TB patients, the pulmonary infections were more serious, including large masses, severe lymphadenopathy, and extensive pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary infection of BCG were more common than TB in CGD patients, but much less severe.
Fate of hips complicated by avascular necrosis of the femoral head following reconstructive surgery in nonambulatory patients with cerebral palsy
Authors: Park Byoung Kyu , Park Hoon , Park Kun Bo , Rhee Isaac , Kim Sungmin , Kim Hyun Woo
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN) following hip reconstructions on the future hip development of cerebral palsy (CP) patients. A retrospective study of 394 hips in 205 nonambulatory patients with spastic CP who underwent reconstructive hip surgery was performed. The mean age at surgery was 7.3 ± 2.4 years. The mean follow-up duration was 5.6 ± 2.7 years, and the mean age at the latest follow-up was 12.8 ± 3.4 years. AVN was classified in terms of its severity and location. Femoral head remodelling was assessed by the spherical index and the Mose circle. An unsatisfactory radiological outcome was defined as having a migration percentage of more than 30% at the final follow-up. AVN was observed in 169 (42.9%) hips. Older age at the time of surgery, higher preoperative migration percentage, and open reduction procedures were predictors for the development of AVN. Hips with AVN confined to the lateral epiphysis, and AVN involving the entire epiphysis with preserved height experienced successful remodelling. 27 (65.9%) of the 41 hips with unsatisfactory outcomes experienced AVN. Younger age, higher postoperative migration percentage, and occurrence of AVN were related to unsatisfactory outcomes. The highest incidence of failed remodelling and unsatisfactory outcomes were observed in hips with entire epiphyseal involvement and more than 50% loss of its height. AVN following hip reconstructions is not necessarily associated with poor hip development, however, depending on the severity and location, it is a prognostic factor for unsatisfactory radiological outcomes.
Predictability of South-Asian monsoon rainfall beyond the legacy of Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere program (TOGA)
Authors: Goswami B. N. , Chakraborty Deepayan , Rajesh P. V. , Mitra Adway
Published: July 2022

In the backdrop of overwhelming evidences of associations between North-Atlantic (NA) sea-surface temperature (SST) and the Indian summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR), the lack of a quantitative nonlinear causal inference has been a roadblock for advancing ISMR predictability. Here, we advance a hypothesis of teleconnection between the NA-SST and ISMR, and establish the causality between the two using two different nonlinear causal inference techniques. We unravel that the NA-SST and the El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are two independent drivers of ISMR with the former contributing as much to ISMR variability as does the latter. Observations and climate model simulations support the NA-SST–ISMR causality through a Rossby wave-train driven by NA-SST that modulates the seasonal mean by forcing long active (break) spells of ISMR.
Utilising problematic waste to detect toxic gas release in the environment: fabricating a NiO doped CuO nanoflake based ammonia sensor from e-waste
Authors: Hossain Rumana , Hassan Kamrul , Sahajwalla Veena
Published: July 2022

Using problematic electronic waste to synthesise high-purity nanomaterials can enable sustainable production and create opportunities to divert waste from landfills.
Reduction of Np(vi) with hydrazinopropionitrileviawater-mediated proton transfer
Authors: Li Xiao-Bo , Wu Qun-Yan , Wang Cong-Zhi , Lan Jian-Hui , Zhang Meng , Gibson John K. , Chai Zhi-Fang , Shi Wei-Qun
Published: July 2022

The reduction mechanisms of Np(vi) with hydrazinopropionitrile were theoretically explored and the pathway with water-mediated proton transfer is energetically preferred.
First-order and gradual phase transitions of ethane confined in MCM-41
Authors: Yang Huan , Dejam Morteza , Tan Sugata P. , Adidharma Hertanto
Published: July 2022

The first-order phase transition, gradual phase transition, and pore critical point of ethane confined in MCM-41 of 3.5 nm were measured using an isochoric cooling procedure by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Trends and descriptors of heterogeneous hydroformylation activity and selectivity of RhM3(M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) catalysts
Authors: Mao Zhongtian , Guo Haoyue , Xie Zhenhua , Liu Ping , Chen Jingguang G.
Published: July 2022

The origin of superior C3oxygenate selectivity of RhCo3catalysts during hydroformylation was studied, which provided the design principles for catalyst improvements.
Synthesis and characterization of silver–thiolate dynamic crosslinking waterborne polyurethane with room-temperature self-healing properties
Authors: Zhang Mengyun , Ding Shanjun , Cong Riming , Luo Yunjun
Published: July 2022

Silver–thiol coordination interactions were introduced into a waterborne polyurethane (WPU) matrix. Due to the synergy of the Ag and thiol coordination interactions, WPU–Ag@S-0.50 exhibits the best self-healing performance.
Co/CoO nanoparticles armored by N-doped nanoporous carbon polyhedrons towards glucose oxidation in high-performance non-enzymatic sensors
Authors: Yan Li , Chu Dandan , Chu Xue-Qiang , Ge Danhua , Chen Xiaojun
Published: July 2022

The Co/CoO nanoparticles armored by porous N-doped carbon polyhedrons were successfully prepared from ZIF-67 via a pyrolysis-reorganization method, demonstrating excellent sensing performance towards glucose oxidation.
Enhanced photocatalytic activities of a hierarchical ZnO/V2C MXene hybrid with a close coupling heterojunction for the degradation of methyl orange, phenol and methylene blue dye
Authors: Zhou Weibing , Yu Bo , Zhu Jiaoqun , Li Kang , Tian Shouqin
Published: July 2022

A hierarchical ZnO/V2C MXene hybrid exhibited enhanced photocatalytic performance due to its close coupling heterojunction facilitating photo-generated carrier transfer.
Base-induced isomerization of red uroleuconaphins revisited: characterization and absolute stereochemistry of the yellow aphid pigments uroleuconaphins A2 and B2
Authors: Ozakai Chiharu , Kitamura Kei , Horikawa Mitsuyo , Tsunoda Tetsuto , Kaku Hiroto
Published: July 2022

A base-induced isomerization of red uroleuconaphin A1 to yellow uroleuconaphin A2 having polycyclic acetal is described here.
Large piezoelectric response in ferroelectric/multiferroelectric metal oxyhalide MOX2 (M = Ti, V and X = F, Cl and Br) monolayers
Authors: Noor-A-Alam Mohammad , Nolan Michael
Published: July 2022

Flexible two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric materials are promising for applications in wearable electromechanical nano-devices such as sensors, energy harvesters, and actuators.
Symmetry and spacing controls in periodic covalent functionalization of graphite surfaces templated by self-assembled molecular networks
Authors: Hashimoto Shingo , Kaneko Hiromasa , De Feyter Steven , Tobe Yoshito , Tahara Kazukuni
Published: July 2022

We herein present the periodic covalent functionalization of graphite surfaces, creating a range of patterns of different symmetries and pitches at the nanoscale.
Additional crystalline structures of syndiotactic polystyrene composites with acetylated cyclodextrin
Authors: Park Junsu , Nagamachi Toshiki , Aoyama Takuma , Hanada Kazuto , Harada Akira , Sera Masanori , Takashima Yoshinori
Published: July 2022

Addition of acetylated cyclodextrin to syndiotactic polystyrene forms additional crystalline structures based on molecular recognition.
NaCo2(SeO3)2(OH): competing magnetic ground states of a new sawtooth structure with 3d7 Co2+ ions
Authors: Sanjeewa Liurukara D. , Ovidiu Garlea V. , Taddei Keith M. , Yin Li , Xing Jie , Fishman Randy S. , Parker David S. , Sefat Athena S.
Published: July 2022

We report the high-pressure synthesis and a comprehensive study of NaCo2(SeO3)2(OH) sawtooth chain structure using bulk magnetic properties and neutron scattering.
Synthesis of aryl-fused 1,4-oxathiepines from pyridinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolates and vinylideneortho-quinone methides
Authors: He Yixuan , Wu Ping , Zhang Xiang , Wang Taimin , Tao Qingqing , Zhou Kang , Ouyang Zijun , Zhai Hongbin , Cheng Dao-Juan , Cheng Bin
Published: July 2022

Synthesis of aryl-fused 1,4-oxathiepines from pyridinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolates with vinylideneortho-quinone methides generatedin situ viaa formal (3 + 4) pathway.
Highly efficient green up-conversion emission from fluoroindate glass nanoparticles functionalized with a biocompatible polymer
Authors: Jimenez G. Lesly , Shrestha Binita , Porter Tyron , Starzyk Bartlomiej , Lesniak Magdalena , Kuwik Marta , Kochanowicz Marcin , Szumera Magdalena , Lisiecki R. , Dorosz D.
Published: July 2022

Up-conversion nanoparticles have garnered lots of attention due to their ability to transform low energy light (near-infrared) into high-energy (visible) light, enabling their potential use as remote visible light nano-transducers.
Recent development in carbon dot-based gas sensors
Authors: Swathilakshmi  , Anandhan S.
Published: July 2022

The excellent gas sensing ability of carbon dot–ceramic nanoparticle composites is depicted in the above figure in which formaldehyde and isopropanol vapors are sensed by a graphene quantum dot–TiO2 nanocomposite.
Revisiting algal lipids and cellular stress-causing strategies for ameliorating the productivity of suitable lipids of microalgae for biofuel applications
Authors: Parveen Sana , Patidar Shailesh Kumar
Published: July 2022

Physical, chemical and biological methods to ameliorate the biomass and lipid productivity with desired fatty acids, which could be transformable in to biodiesel or nutraceuticals.
Prussian blue analogue (PBA) derived cobalt telluride nano-granules: an efficient catalyst for energy conversion and storage
Authors: Tripathy Rajat K. , Padhy Abhisek , Sahu Nachiketa , Behera J. N.
Published: July 2022

Through a simple hydrothermal method, novel Co0.63Te is synthesized and its electrocatalytic properties towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are explored. Also, Co0.63Te exhibits enhanced supercapacitor properties under alkaline conditions.
CNT encapsulated MnOx for an enhanced flow-through electro-Fenton process: the involvement of Mn(iv)
Authors: Guo Dongli , Jiang Shengtao , Jin Limin , Huang Kui , Lu Ping , Liu Yanbiao
Published: July 2022

A functional electroactive CNT filter with nanoconfined MnOx nanoparticles (MnOx-in-CNT) was applied in an electro-Fenton system toward micropollutant degradation, and it exhibited superior activity and stability with limited Mn leaching.
Challenges for large scale applications of rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Shang Nuo , Wang Keliang , Wei Manhui , Zuo Yayu , Zhang Pengfei , Wang Hengwei , Chen Zhuo , Pei Pucheng
Published: July 2022

This paper discusses the challenges and solutions for zinc–air batteries in practical mass production applications and provides a more reasonable structure for zinc–air power batteries.
Polymer assisted transferring of patterned electrodes for a weak anisotropic charge transport study in monolayer molecular crystals
Authors: Zhao Xiaotong , Liu Jie , Liu Jie , Li Haiyang , Zhang Jiajun , Li Chunlei , Dong Yicai , Shi Xiaosong , Sun Yanan , Liu Ji , Lei Ming , Jiang Lang
Published: July 2022

Here, by taking the advantage of the varied adhesion forces between substrates/gold electrodes/polymer films, the prepatterned fan-shaped electrodes could be readily transferred to target MMCs for the anisotropy charge transport study.
TiB2 nanoparticles with a broadband nonlinear response for ultrafast pulse generation
Authors: Wang Fang , Lan Dongfang , Qu Yuhan , Zhang Xuenan , Cheng Tonglei
Published: July 2022

We first demonstrated a novel TiB2-based saturable absorber, and ultrafast fiber lasers at 1.56 and 2 μm could be achieved through the deposition of TiB2 nanoparticles onto a side-polished fiber platform as the nonlinear optical modulator.
Ce doping induced trapping states and local electronic structure modifications in SrZnO2 nanophosphors
Authors: Manju  , Jain Megha , Rajput Parasmani , Vij Ankush , Thakur Anup
Published: July 2022

Varying the doping concentration, site occupancy and mixed valence state of Ce revealed a new glow signal, being indicative of the 4f0/4f1 ratio of Ce energy states in the SrZnO2 system, and predicted its potential for scintillation and lighting devices.
A review on the techniques used in prostate brachytherapy
Authors: Li Yanlei , Yang Chenguang , Bahl Amit , Persad Raj , Melhuish Chris
Published: July 2022

Prostate brachytherapy is a validated treatment for prostate cancer. During the procedure, the accuracy of needle placement is critical to the treatment’s effectiveness. However, the inserted needle could deflect from the preset trajectory because of the needle deflection, tissue shifting caused by the interaction between the needle and soft tissue, as well as the effects of pre‐inserted needles. There are significant challenges in needle placement areas, especially in prostate brachytherapy, because multiple needles are required for the effectiveness of radiation. To overcome these limitations, relevant research is carried out in mechanical, computer science, and material science areas. With the development of surgical robotics, researchers are also exploring the possibilities of raising the accuracy of needle placement with surgical‐assisted robotics. This study provides a review over the last 3 decades in each of the component research areas that constitutes a surgical robotics system, including needle steering approaches, needle‐tissue deformation models, path planning algorithms and different automatic level surgical robotics systems used for prostate cancer treatment, especially prostate brachytherapy. Further directions for researchers are also suggested.
Low power control for magnetically suspended control moment gyro based on current adaptive adjustment‐gimbal angular velocity feedforward method
Authors: Sun Jinji , Zhao Jiye
Published: July 2022

Magnetically suspended control moment gyro (MSCMG) outputs gyro moment by changing the direction of the rotor angular momentum to adjust the spacecraft attitude. In the process of outputting moment, due to the moving‐gimbal effect, the power consumption of magnetic bearing occupies a large proportion in MSCMG. The existing low power control methods have problems that adjustment time is long and the effect of reducing energy consumption depends on the model accuracy. To solve these problems, the method of current adaptive adjustment‐gimbal angular velocity feedforward (CAA‐GAVF) is proposed. The CAA‐GAVF method controls rotor deflect actively so that the permanent magnet can generate moment to offset the coupling moment of moving‐gimbal effect, thus reducing the power consumption of control current. In CAA‐GAVF, the deflection angle of rotor is quickly adjusted by the feedforward of gimbal angular velocity. The current integral value is used to adjust the feedforward matrix adaptively and precisely. The experimental results show that the power consumption of CAA‐GAVF method is reduced to 43.3% of the traditional control method.