bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Um estudo de caso sobre treinamento isocinético: o esforço máximo é suficiente para o aumento de força?
Authors: Batista Isabella Santana Toro , De Paula Silva Venicius , Carvalho de Souza Camila , Machado da Conceição Raphael , Fagundes Goethel Márcio , Fernandes Ervilha Ulysses
Published: November 2018

INTRODUÇÃO: Dinamômetro isocinético é um equipamento eletrônico e mecânico, capaz de medir o torque gerado por um determinado segmento, bem como a potência e estimar fadiga, observando-se a variação do torque ao longo tempo. Este dispositivo também controla a velocidade do movimento angular, seja ele gerado por uma contração excêntrica ou concêntrica. Este tipo de equipamento tem sido utilizado tanto para avaliação como para treinamento de força. OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito do treinamento de força, realizado exclusivamente no dinamômetro isocinético, na capacidade de gerar torque isométrico. MÉTODO: 2 homens, sedentários, saudáveis com idade de 23 e 24 anos realizaram 16 sessões de treinamento de força (sempre em esforço máximo e no modo concêntrico utilizando-se um dinamômetro isocinético) para os músculos flexores da articulação do cotovelo do membro dominante. As sessões foram compostas por um treinamento de quatro séries de oito repetições em uma amplitude de movimento de 130º, com velocidade fixada em 45º/s. As avaliações de contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CIVM) a 90º de flexão da articulação do cotovelo foram realizadas na primeira, oitava e décima sexta sessão. Espessura dos músculos flexores da articulação do cotovelo também foi medida, com ultrassonografia, nas mesmas sessões em que o torque máximo isométrico foi medido. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa no ganho de torque tam pouco na espessura muscular, ao final do treinamento. CONCLUSÃO: Treinamento de força, exclusivamente realizado no modo concêntrico no dinamômetro isocinético não provocou aumento da capacidade de gerar força isométrica, tam pouco aumento da espessura muscular.
Functional analysis of BoCCDs by color complementation in Bixa orellana v2
Authors: Carballo-Uicab Victor , Cárdenas-Conejo Yair , Vallejo-Cardona Alba , Aguilar-Espinosa Margarita , Rodríguez-Campos Jacobo , Serrano Posada Hugo , Alberto Narváez Zapata José , Rivera-Madrid Renata
Published: November 2018

To determine that BoCCD1-1and BoCCD4-3, have enzymatic activity and that they can functionin vitro, these proteins were expressed in lycopene-accumulating E. coli (pACCRT-EIB). ORFs BoCCD1-1 and BoCCD4-3 were successfully cloned in the expression vector pDEST17, and the recombinant proteins were expressed in pACCRT-EIB strains to establish cleaving activity.
A Dynamic Model of EFL Learners' Personal Best Goals, Resilience, and Language Achievement
Authors: Najafzadeh Mahsa , Ghanizadeh Afsaneh , Jahedizadeh Safoura
Published: November 2018

One of the objectives of any educational endeavor is helping students to adopt a set of personal goals for their achievement. This is known as personal best (PB) referring to personalized goals or standards of excellence that match or exceed one's prior best in the academic context. It is also believed that PB goals can fluctuate in line with other academic-associated factors. The aim of the present study is to scrutinize these goals in association with students' resilience and language achievement. In other words, this study elucidated how EFL learners' PB and resilience influence language achievement. To do so, 173 students studying in two private language institutes and a university completed two questionnaires. The former was PB scale designed by Martin (2006) measuring specific, challenging, competitively self-referenced, and self- improvement goals. It was then translated and validated by the present researchers. The latter was the resilience scale containing five dimensions of perceived happiness, empathy, sociability, persistence, and self-regulation. The questionnaire was designed and validated by Kim and Kim (2016) and then translated and validated in this study. The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated the validity of the Persian versions of the scales. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) also indicated that PB is a positive and significant predictor of resilience. Moreover, it was found that language achievement is predicted by both PB and resilience.
Bebeit Haniyim (Na casa dos pobres)
Authors: Steinberg Yaacov
Published: November 2018

Bebeit Haniyim (Na casa dos pobres)

Tradução: Gabriel Steinberg
Antibiotic resistance and prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons in Escherichia coli isolated from hospital wastewater
Authors: Ranjbar Reza , Zeynali Maryam , Sohrabi Nooshin , Kamboh Asghar Ali , Moshaveri Arman
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND Hospital wastewaters may contain antibiotic resistant bacteria such as Escherichia coli. These E. coli harbor integron genes that are responsible for antibiotic resistance. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the frequency of class 1 and 2 integrons in environmental antibiotic resistant E. coli strains isolated from the hospital wastewaters in Tehran, Iran.METHODSAs a descriptive cross-sectional study, this research was performed from April to September 2015 on hospital wastewaters in Tehran. Bacterial isolation and identification was performed by standard biochemical and bacteriological procedures. Susceptibility testing was done by employing the disk diffusion method using different antibiotics. Total DNAs were extracted to evaluate the presence of class 1 and 2 integrons by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with specific primers. RESULTSFifty E. coli strains were isolated and identified from the wastewaters of 25 hospitals in Tehran. The phenotype results showed that 46 isolates (92%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 27 isolates (54%) were multidrug resistant. PCR showed that 35 (70%) and 20 (40%) of the isolates had class 1 and 2 integrons respectively and 14 isolates (28%) had both class 1 and class 2 integrons.CONCLUSIONThis study has shown a considerable presence of class 1 and class 2 integrons in E. coli strains isolated from hospital wastewaters in Tehran. Proper antibiotics prescription and appropriate hospital wastewater treatment can prevent resistance genes in E. coli from circulating in the environment.
Design and Optimization of a Direct-Conversion Double-Balanced Mixer for RF Receiver Front-End
Authors: Gomez Frederick Ray
Published: November 2018

Differential implementation is becoming highly favoured in RFIC (radio frequency integrated circuit) design, notably its high immunity to common-mode noises, acceptable rejection of parasitic coupling, and increased dynamic range. One specific RF front-end building block that is usually designed as a differential circuit is the mixer.  This technical paper presents a study of a differential mixer, notably the double-balanced mixer implemented on a direct-conversion architecture in a standard 90nm CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) process.  Operating frequency is set at 5GHz, which is a typical frequency for RF (radio frequency) receiver.   Impedance matching was essential to fully optimize the mixer design.  The direct-conversion double-balance mixer design eventually achieved conversion gain of 11.463dB and noise figure of 16.529dB, comparable to mixer designs from past research and studies.
Gömülü HDPE Borularda Esneme Davranışının İncelenmesi
Authors: KILIÇ Havvanur , AKINAY Emre
Published: November 2018

Bu çalışmada esnek boruların
tasarımı ve performans limitlerini etkileyen faktörlerden boru çember
rijitliği, gerilme, dolgu yerleşim relatif kompaksiyonu ve dolgu malzeme
türünün boru-zemin etkileşimi üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda kalın dolgular altında gömülü bulunan esnek
boru davranışının incelenmesi amacı ile yapılan proje kapsamındaki arazi
deneyleri kullanılmıştır. Boru özellikleri, dolgu yerleşimi, dolgu malzeme türü
dikkate alınarak söz konusu borularda meydana gelen esnemeler, Geliştirilmiş Iowa
yaklaşımları ve sayısal
analizler ile incelenmiş ve elde edilen sonuçların arazi ölçümleri ile
karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Yarı amprik yaklaşımlar ve sayısal analizlerden
hesaplanan esnemelerin arazi ölçümleri ile yaklaşık olarak uyumlu olduğu
belirlenerek çember rijitliği düşük ve yüksek olan yüksek yoğunluklu polietilen
boruların tasarımı için bu amprik yaklaşımların ve iki boyutlu sayısal
analizlerin kullanılabileceği görülmüştür.
O TEMPO E O MEDO: a longa duração da guerra em Moçambique
Authors: THOMAZ OMAR RIBEIRO
Published: November 2018

Neste ensaio, partindo de trabalhos etnográficos realizados nos últimos 15 anos entre as regiões sul e centro de Moçambique, argumento que a percepção da passagem do tempo e o constante medo da desordem se entrelaçam em narrativas e rumores que conectam diferentes momentos da história deste paá­s. É por meio de seu avesso ”“ da guerra, ou do medo da guerra ”“ que se fala de um ideal de comunidade sempre frágil, sempre inconcluso.Palavras-chave: Tempo. Medo. Guerra. Moçambique.  TIME AND FEAR: the long duration of the war in MozambiqueAbstract: In this essay, based on ethnographic works carried out in the last 15 years between the southern and central regions of Mozambique, I argue that the perception of the passage of time and the constant fear of disorder are intertwined in narratives and rumors that connect different moments of the history of this parents. It is through its reverse - war, or fear of war - that we speak of an always fragile, always unfinished ideal of community.Keywords: Time. Fear. War. Mozambique.  EL TIEMPO Y EL MIEDO:  la longa duración de la guerra en MozambiqueResumen: En este ensayo, partiendo de trabajos etnográficos realizados en los últimos 15 años entre las regiones sur y centro de Mozambique, argumento que la percepción del paso del tiempo y el constante miedo del desorden se entrelazan en narrativas y rumores que conectan diferentes momentos de la historia de éste paá­s. Es por medio de su revés - de la guerra, o del miedo a la guerra - que se habla de un ideal de comunidad siempre frágil, siempre inconcluso.Palabras clave:  Tiempo. El miedo. Guerra. Mozambique.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: BARBOSA VIVIANE DE OLIVEIRA , THOMAZ OMAR RIBEIRO
Published: November 2018

Boa leitura.
Debunking the Misunderstandings of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative and Designation Requirements
Authors: MacEnroe Trish
Published: November 2018

Sensational headlines and messages surrounding breastfeeding in the media are leaving the public confused. There are also myths being circulated about the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) that are causing some to question the value and safety of its practices. The most effective means for clarifying the confusion is to dispel the myths and explore the facts. An accurate understanding of the importance of breastfeeding, the BFHI requirements, the impact and interrelationship of each of the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding, as well as good breastfeeding management practices, ensures that every infant is provided the highest level of care and given the best start to life. Breastfeeding confers significant health benefits to both mothers and babies, and the BFHI is associated with an increase in breastfeeding initiation and duration.
Print media as a migrant advocacy tool: A case of Indonesian language print media in Hong Kong
Authors: Wahyudi Irfan , Allmark Panizza
Published: November 2018

Hong Kong is listed as one of the most popular countries for Indonesian migrant workers. In 2012, more than 160,000 Indonesian migrant domestic workers (IMDWs) live in Hong Kong, and more than 90% of them are women. Hong Kong is the premium destination for IMDWs because of its moderately higher salaries, good laws and regulations, and its ambience of independence. The IMDWs can also access multiple media platforms, ranging from print media to the Internet. This writing specifically discuss about Indonesian newspaper published in Hong Kong and its relation with migrant activism. The research found that there are four existing Indonesian language newspapers in Hong Kong: Suara, Apa Kabar Plus, Koran Indonesia (KINDO), and Berita Indonesia. Conflicts between newspaper journalists and migrant organizations have affected the newspapers’ credibility. The methodology used is ethnography. Fieldwork conducted in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) in 2013, 2014 and 2018. Participant observations, in depth interviews, and focus group discussions were conducted in this research.
Value chain analysis of weaving industry
Authors: Rini Diah Ayu , Budiani Sri Rahayu
Published: November 2018

Value chain analysis is used to discover the distribution of the supply of raw materials and the marketing of industrial products. The research study focus was located in Gamplong Tourism Village, Sleman regency, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The aims of this research were to 1) map the value chain of the weaving industry in Gamplong Tourism Village; 2) to identify existing obstacles to the weaving industry in Gamplong Tourism Village and 3) to determine appropriate strategies to minimise the obstacles in the weaving industry in Gamplong Tourism Village. The analysis used in this research was a descriptive analysis. The respondents in this study were 47 industry actors, the distributors of raw materials and marketing individuals. Data collection was conducted using a census and in-depth interviews with the weaving industry actors. This was snowballed to the distributor. Based on the results of the research, the value chain of the weaving industrial products as a whole consists of six actors, namely raw material suppliers, raw material distributors, weaving industry actors, distributors, retail traders, and consumers. The household industry value chain diﬀers from the small and medium industry value chain. Some of the obstacles to the Gamplong weaving industry are the length of the value chain, no labour regeneration, and less tourism village development. Therefore, strategies to reduce these obstacles include cutting down the value chains, managing human resources, and increasing the promotion strategies used.
Promotion of Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Collaboration in Disaster Risk Reduction
Authors: Takara Kaoru ,   Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University
 1 Yoshida-Nakaadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8306, Japan
Published: November 2018

This paper describes interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches inevitably necessary for effective disaster risk management, introducing examples involving the tsunami hazard map in Sendai, volcanic eruption in Iceland, and river flooding in Thailand. On the basis of the conversations conducted at the Global Forum on Science and Technology for Disaster Resilience 2017 held at the Science Council of Japan in Tokyo on November 23–25, 2017, this paper summarizes the results of the discussion for further development of these approaches. Some international initiatives are also briefly introduced.
Sustainable Community Development for Disaster Resilience and Human Resources Development for Disaster Risk Reduction – Katahira-Style Disaster Resilient Community Development –
Authors: Sato Takeshi , Sakurai Aiko , Sadaike Yuki , Konno Hitoshi , Horino Masahiro , Yanagiya Risa , Mizoi Takahisa ,   International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University 468-1 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan,   Toyo Eiwa University, Kanagawa, Japan,   Katahira Community Development Association, Miyagi, Japan,   Sendai Tourism, Convention and International Association, Miyagi, Japan
Published: November 2018

An outline of “Sustainable Community Development for Disaster Resilience and Human Resources Development for Disaster Risk Reduction – Katahira-Style Disaster Resilient Community Development –” presented as a technical session at the World Bosai Forum / International Disaster and Risk Conference in Sendai held in November 2017 is introduced to contribute to the promotion of independent and sustainable activities for disaster risk reduction based on communities around the world.
Exploring the Developmental Process and Internal Structure ofKizuki-Based Volunteer Activities for Sustainable Organizations: A Case Study of HARU
Authors: Nishizuka Kohei ,   Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University 27-1 Kawauchi, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8576, Japan
Published: November 2018

Sustainable organizations are needed for sustainable societies. This study takes particular note of a student-centered practice focused on long-term reconstruction activities after the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and reveals its developmental processes and internal structure.Kizuki(with-it-ness) was the driving impetus for the sustainable organization, in which each staff member constructed, respected, and shaped theirkizukito take deliberate action. In using the theory of a learning organization, it was possible to improve dynamically and explain holistically the team performance, from which a practical model was developed that could enhance the quality of disaster volunteering and assist in the understanding of transformative processes involved in these types of activity systems.
Coastal Subsidence Induced Several Tsunamis During the 2018 Sulawesi Earthquake
Authors: Arikawa Taro , Muhari Abdul , Okumura Yoshihiro , Dohi Yuji , Afriyanto Bagus , Sujatmiko Karina Aprilia , Imamura Fumihiko ,   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan,   Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta, Indonesia,   Kansai University, Osaka, Japan,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Ibaraki, Japan,   Institut Teknologi Bandung, West Java, Indonesia,   International Research Institute of Disaster Sciences (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
Published: November 2018

The height of the tsunami caused by the Sulawesi earthquake in 2018 was higher than that estimated from the magnitude of the earthquake, and its cause is not well understood. Although it is conceivable that tsunamis originated from landslides in several cases, it is not known whether landslides were occurring in the coastal area at the time. This report describes the results of a field survey conducted to investigate the traces of subsidence and the characteristics of the tsunami incidents in the bay far from the epicenter. Subsidence was observed at a minimum of seven points along the coast; in accord with the reports of eyewitnesses, this suggests that subsidence might have generated tsunamis.
Functional and morphological retinal impairment following resolved chronic central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Gawęcki Maciej , Jaszczuk-Maciejewska Agnieszka , Jurska-Jaśko Anna , Kneba Małgorzata , Grzybowski Andrzej
Published: November 2018

Purpose
Central serous chorioretinopathy is a complex ocular entity that, in its chronic form, can lead to serious visual impairment and morphological damage to the retina.
The aim of the current retrospective study was to evaluate the damage present after long-standing but resolved central serous chorioretinopathy. Correlations between measurable factors—for example, duration of the disease, baseline retinal morphological parameters, or patient age and/or their degree of impairment—were also assessed.
Materials and methods
Thirty-two eyes with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy in which complete resolution of subretinal fluid was achieved after subthreshold micropulse laser treatment were analyzed according to final best-corrected visual acuity and retinal morphological parameters as measured by spectral optical coherence tomography with angiography option (OCTA). Results were compared with the outcomes of a control group. Statistical analysis included regarding correlation between final visual acuity and final central retinal thickness and retinal and functional parameters prior to treatment.
Results
Final best-corrected visual acuity after chronic central serous chorioretinopathy was 0.23 logMAR (0.6 Snellen) and central retinal thickness was 39.32 µm smaller than in controls. No correlation was found between final visual acuity and retinal thickness and duration of the disease, patient age, and baseline morphological retinal parameters. OCTA scans revealed impaired choroidal perfusion even following resolution of the disease.
Conclusion
Chronic central serous chorioretinopathy is a potentially damaging clinical entity that results in serious visual impairment, retinal thinning, and choroidal flow defects. No significant correlation between duration of central serous chorioretinopathy and amount of visual deficit has been found, therefore it is possible that the biggest damage occurs within the first months of active chorioretinopathy.

Keywords: chronic central serous chorioretinopathy, micropulse laser, central retinal thickness, subretinal fluid
Subjective symptom impact on quality of life in patients with myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Fujino Haruo , Saito Toshio , Takahashi Masanori P. , Takada Hiroto , Nakayama Takahiro , Imura Osamu , Matsumura Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2018

Background: Although functional impairment in patients with myotonic dystrophy is an important determinant of quality of life (QoL), it is possible that QoL could further be influenced by the subjective evaluation of symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the subjective symptom impact on the QoL, after controlling for functional impairment.
Methods: Eligible patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) were recruited from four hospitals in Japan. Subjective symptom impact across four domains (muscle weakness, fatigue, pain, and myotonia) and overall QoL were evaluated using the Individualized Neuromuscular Quality of Life (INQoL) questionnaire. Functional impairment was assessed using the modified Rankin scale.
Results: Eighty-six patients with DM1 were included in this study. On multiple regression analysis, a portion of the variance in the overall QoL was significantly accounted for by demographic variables and functional impairment (adjusted R2 = 0.32). In addition to these variables, subjective symptom impact (muscular weakness, fatigue, and myotonia) explained additional variance in the overall QoL (adjusted R2 = 0.80). Difficulties in activities of daily living and participation caused by each symptom consistently predicted overall QoL across three symptom domains (muscular weakness, fatigue, and myotonia).
Conclusions: Subjective symptom impact needs to be considered, in addition to functional impairment, when evaluating the QoL of patients with DM1.
Which is the best parameter on CT scan to predict dysthyroid optic neuropathy?
Authors: Yu Bo , Gong Can , Chen Yingbai , Ma Yingjie , Wu Wencan , Tu Yunhai
Published: November 2018

Background: To evaluate the value of parameters on CT scan in predicting dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON), such as muscle index (MI), superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) dilatation, extraocular muscle volume/ orbit volume (MV/OV) and intracranial fat prolapse. To provide guidance for early diagnosis of DON accordingly.
Methods: A total of 67 eyes of 35 patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) were included in this study. Patients were divided into 2 groups (DON group and non-DON group). Parameters were measured on HRCT, including MI, SOV dilation, MV/OV and intracranial fat prolapsed, and compared between these 2 groups. The relation between those parameters and visual function (visual acuity (VA) and visual field defect (VF defect)) were also evaluated.
Results: MI and MV/OV were significantly higher in DON group (P=0.00035 and P=0.00026). No significant difference was detected regarding intracranial fat prolapse existence and SOV dilatation (P=0.36899 and P=0.14594). MV/OV was found to have significant negative correlation with both VF defect(P=0.02730) and VA (P=0.0000) while MI was found to have weak negative linear correlation with VA only (P=0.00017). The area under ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves was 0.82 for MV/OV and 0.75 for MI. The best performance in detecting DON was achieved when MV/OV is set at 0.20 with 72% sensitivity and 87% specificity and MI is set at 0.52 with 64% sensitivity and 80% specificity.
Conclusion: MI and MV/OV are predictive parameters for DON. Together with clinical manifestations, MV/OV≥0.2 can be used as a good indicator for DON in TAO patients.
Different EPHX1 methylation levels in promoter area between carbamazepine-resistant epilepsy group and carbamazepine-sensitive epilepsy group in Chinese Population
Authors: Lv Yudan , Zheng Xiangyu , Shi Mingchao , Wang Zang , Cui Li
Published: November 2018

Background: Epigenetics underlying refractory epilepsy is poorly understood. DNA methylation may affect gene expression in epilepsy patients without affecting DNA sequences. Herein, we investigated the association between Carbamazepine-resistant (CBZ-resistant) epilepsy and EPHX1 methylation in a northern Han Chinese population, and conducted an analysis of clinical risk factors for CBZ-resistant epilepsy.
Methods: 75 northern Han Chinese patients participated in this research. 25 cases were CBZ-resistant epilepsy, 25 cases were CBZ-sensitive epilepsy and the remaining 25 cases were controls. Using a CpG searcher was to make a prediction of CpG islands; bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) was applied to test the methylation of EPHX1. We then did statistical analysis between clinical parameters and EPHX1 methylation.
Results: There was no difference between CBZ-resistant patients,CBZ-sensitive patients and healthy controls in matched age and gender. However, a significant difference of methylation levels located in NC_000001.11 (225806929.....225807108) of the EPHX1 promoter was found in CBZ-resistant patients, which was much higher than CBZ-sensitive and controls. Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between seizure frequency, disease course and EPHX1 methylation in CBZ-resistant group.
Conclusion: Methylation levels in EPHX1 promoter associated with CBZ-resistant epilepsy significantly. EPHX1 methylation may be the potential marker for CBZ resistance prior to the CBZ therapy and potential target for treatments.
Erenumab safety and efficacy in migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Zhu Changyu , Guan Jianmei , Xiao Hua , Luo Weinan , Tong Rongsheng
Published: November 2018

Background: Erenumab is a new medicine approved lately in the US for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of erenumab in patients with migraine.
Methods: The electronic database composed of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library was independently retrieved by two reviewers. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared between placebo and erenumab were included in this analysis. mean differences (MDs) and Pooled risk ratios (RRs) as well as their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for continuous and dichotomous data, respectively.
Results: Total five RCTs representing 2928 patients were included. Pooled analysis showed significant reductions of the 50% reduction(RR 1.55; 95%CI,1.35 to 1.77; P < 0.00001; I²=49%). In addition, the mean monthly migraine days (MMMDs) from baseline in the erenumab group compared with placebo (MD -1.32, 95%CI, -1.73 to -0.91; P < 0.00001; I²=100%) and migraine-specific medication days (MSMDs) from baseline (MD -1.41; 95%CI, -1.80 to -1.02; P＜0.00001; I²=100%) were significantly increased for the erenumab group compared with placebo. Furthermore, there was significant reduction of MSMDs from baseline in 140mg erenumab group compared to 70mg (MD=0.55; 95%CI:0.54 to 0.66; Z =10.95; P<0.00001; I²=90% ). Finally, there were no significant differences between erenumab group and placebo of any adverse events and serious adverse events.
Conclusion: Among patients with migraine, both 70mg and 140mg erenumab are associated with reduction of MMMDs, MSMDs from baseline and increased rate of 50% reduction without increased risk of any adverse events and serious adverse events.
Choroidal neovascularization emerged right from the focal choroidal excavation in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy post half-dose photodynamic therapy: A case report
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Xin , Zhu Min , Xu Gezhi , Li Lei
Published: November 2018

Background: Focal choroidal excavation (FCE) is a common concurrent disease with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as the classic treating approach to CSC, appeared to increase the risk of CNV occurrence in eyes of CSC complicated with FCE. To observe and follow up the course development of eyes with CSC and concurrent FCE treated with half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Case presentation: In this case report analysis, two eyes with CSC and concurrent FCE, treated with half-dose PDT were followed up with monthly retinal fundus examinations. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and ophthalmic fundus examination, including fundus photos, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography. In case 1, a 46 year-old female has been diagnosed as CSC and concurrent FCE. The baseline BCVA was 10/20. Post half-dose PDT, complete resolution of SRF was achieved at one-month with stable BCVA. At three months, the patient complaint of obvious metamorphosis. Multimodal images confirmed the existence of CNV, derived from the FCE, inside the zone of PDT irradiation. The development of CNV ceased promptly one month post the injection of ranibizumab. In case 2, a 39 year-old male was diagnosed as bilateral CSC. The BCVA was 8/20 (od), and 16/20 (os). The multimodal images showed classic CSC manifestation in left eye, but atypical manifestation in right eye with subtle SRF and FCE. Post half-dose treatment, the SRF in left eye completely resolved at three-months, and the BCVA improved to 24/20. However, a lesion of CNV grew in FCE at one month in right eye, with decreased BCVA, 4/20. One month post-injection, apparent regression was witnessed, with improved BCVA, 6/20. The CNV proceeded to be a scar at two-month. The BCVA maintained at 8/20.
Conclusions: In this study, CNV was induced in two cases of CSC concurrent with FCE post half-dose PDT. The CNV grew right from FCE, inside the zone of PDT irradiation. Although half-dose PDT has proved to be safe in treating CSC, it appeared to increase the risk of CNV occurrence in eyes of CSC complicated with FCE.
Reactive Oxygen Species Acts as an Important Inducer in Low-temperature-induced Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Begonia semperflorens
Authors: Qu Ying , Bai Xue , Zhu Yajun , Qi Rui , Tian Geng , Wang Yang , Li Yonghua , Zhang Kaiming
Published: November 2018

Leaves of Begonia semperflorens accumulate anthocyanins and turn red under low temperature (LT). In the present work, LT increased H2O2 content and superoxide anions production rate, causing significant increases in the activities of enzymes and contents of reduced components involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH cycle). As a result, LT-exposed seedlings increased the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, and accumulated anthocyanin. Based on LT condition, application of N,N'-dimethylthiourea (DMTU) decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and unbalanced the AsA-GSH-controlled redox homeostasis. As a result, seedlings in the LT + DMTU group did not accumulate anthocyanin. Our results suggest that ROS may act as an important inducer in LT-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis.
Genome Size, Ploidy, and Base Composition of Wild and Cultivated Acer
Authors: Contreras Ryan N. , Shearer Kimberly
Published: November 2018

Acer is a large and important genus of woody plants most commonly encountered as small to large trees in urban landscapes. Considerable investigation has been devoted to addressing the taxonomy of maples, but little is known about genome sizes across the genus. Relatively more work has been conducted to determine chromosome numbers and ploidy of more species, but much could be gained by expanding knowledge of genome sizes in combination with traditional cytology. Furthermore, base pair (bp) composition may have implications for a species’ adaptability and also impacts nucleic acid stability at high temperatures. Our objectives were to determine the genome size of 195 accessions of maples, assign ploidy to each using inference as well as cytology, and determine base composition of a subset of 48 accessions. Most species had small genome sizes (1.4–3.5 pg) with the exception of section Rubra, which contains many polyploids. Holoploid genome sizes ranged from 1.39 to 6.10 pg, with the latter being interpreted as 9x. The mean monoploid genome sizes (1Cx) ranged from 0.43 pg in A. carpinifolium (section Indivisa) to 1.66 pg in A. caudatifolium (section Macrantha); mean monoploid genome sizes were significantly different among sections. Forty-four of the 48 accessions measured using both fluorochromes had greater estimates with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) than propidium iodide (PI). The proportion of the genome composed of guanosine and cytosine (GC%) among the taxa evaluated in this study ranged from just 38.61% to 43.96% and did not appear to be related to ecological adaptability or urban tolerance among these taxa.
SIMULATION SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORK (SDN) CONCEPT USING RASBERRY PI
Authors: Bayu Teguh Indra , Tahan Etvan Ewaldo
Published: November 2018

In school environment, office, company or society, needs a computer network which uses for supporting every users’ working and to communicate each other. However, it makes some users who are not responsible could able to disturb communication security system data in networking. Security system is needed to avoid the problems. Access Control List (ACL) can be an alternative to secure a computer network. By applying Software Defined Network (SDN) concept which is based on management concept of centralized network use software. It focus on how applying ACL in infrastructure network SDN use Raspberry Pi as an openflow switch. The decisive element of an infrastructure network SDN is a controller, an openflow switch, and network device would connect one network to the other network by using Openflow protocol. From the research which is conducted SDN concept, ACL able to applied using flow-control method. It gives some clear value on flow-control, so the restriction access can be done in every network device which is connected in infrastructure network SDN.
Ionophores as Potent Anti-malarials: A Miracle in the Making
Authors: Bharti Hina , Singal Aakriti , Raza Mohsin , Ghosh P.C. , Nag Alo
Published: November 2018

Plasmodium has a complex life cycle that spans between mosquito and human. For survival
and pathogenesis it banks upon dynamic alterations in ionic transport across organelle and plasma membrane.
Being a fundamental contributor of crucial biological processes in parasite, ionic balance facilitates
parasite invasion, augmentation and transmission. Past few decades have witnessed tremendous
advancement in understanding the relevance of ionic transit in parasites. Perhaps, not surprisingly, disruption
of ionic homeostasis was thought to be detrimental for parasite. Compounds like ionophores are
known to facilitate ionic transport across membrane down their electrochemical gradient. Despite continuous
effort, malaria treatment is still a challenge particularly due to the development of resistance
among parasites against existing therapeutic options. However, repurposing the existing drugs can be
advantageous over de novo drug development programs in terms of cost and associated risk factors.
Ionophores, being used in coccidiosis have proven to be of significance in the treatment of experimental
models of malaria. Several recent reports have highlighted the attractive potential of ionophores such as
Monensin, Maduramicin, Valinomycin, etc., that can act against multiple stages of malarial parasite’s
life cycle. Improved variety of these molecules may help in mitigating the drug resistance problems as
well. This review is an attempt to examine the relevant literature and provide insight into the mechanism
and prospects of different classes of ionophores as promising anti-malarial potpourri.
Antibiotics-Peptide Conjugates Against Multidrug-resistant Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: David Akinwale Ajayi , Park Shang Eun , Parang Keykavous , Tiwari Rakesh Kumar
Published: November 2018

The menace of multi-drug resistance by bacterial pathogens that are responsible for infectious
diseases in humans and animals cannot be over-emphasized. Many bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics
by one or more combination of resistance mechanisms namely, efflux pump activation thereby reducing
bacteria intracellular antibiotic concentration, synthesizing a protein that protects target site causing
poor antibiotic affinity to the binding site, or mutations in DNA and topoisomerase gene coding that
alters residues in the binding sites. The ability to use a combination of these resistance mechanisms
among others creates a phenomenon known as antimicrobial drug resistance. The development of a new
class of antibiotics to address bacterial resistance will require many resources, such as time-consuming
effort and high cost associated with commercial risk. Hence, the researchers have adopted a strategic
approach to enhance the antibacterial efficacy of existing antibiotics by conjugation or combination of
existing antibiotics. A number of peptides have become known as antibacterial, cell-penetrating, or
membrane-active agents. Antibiotics-Peptide Conjugates (APCs) are a combination of known antibiotics
with a peptide connected through a linker. The rationale is to produce an alternative multifunctional antimicrobial
compound that will elicit synergistic antibacterial activities while reducing known shortcomings
of antibiotics or peptides, such as cellular penetration, serum instability, cytotoxicity, hemolysis,
and instability in high salt conditions. In this review, we overview APCs which are used, as a strategy
to combat the menace of multi-drug resistance of bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, we explain the
focus area of adopted APC strategies and physicochemical properties data that show how they can be
used to improve antibacterial efficacy.
Structure, Functions and Selective Inhibitors of HDAC6
Authors: Liang Tao , Fang Hao
Published: November 2018

Histone deacetylases 6 (HDAC6) has emerged as a promising target for the treatment of
various human diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative disease and immunology due to its unique
structure, substrate and biological functions. HDAC6 is involved in cell motility, cell survival, cell
cycle progression, developmental events, prognosis as well as protein degradation and the involvement
of HDAC6 in multiple biological processes has gained lots of attention. There is increasing interest in
HDAC6 and its selective inhibitors. More than twenty years of synthetic efforts have developed various
HDAC6 selective inhibitors with different Cap, linker and ZBG. This review will summarize recent
research data regarding HDAC6 and various HDAC6 selective inhibitors.
Small Molecules Effective Against Liver and Blood Stage Malarial Infection
Authors: Singh Snigdha , Sharma Neha , Upadhyay Charu , Kumar Sumit , Rathi Brijesh , Poonam
Published: November 2018

Malaria is a lethal disease causing devastating global impact by killing more than 8,00,000
individuals yearly. A noticeable decline in malaria related deaths can be attributed to the most reliable
treatment, ACTs against P. falciparum. However, the cumulative resistance of the malaria parasite
against ACTs is a global threat to control the disease and, therefore the new effective therapeutics are
urgently needed, including new treatment approaches. Majority of the antimalarial drugs target BS malarial
infection. Currently, scientists are eager to explore the drugs with potency against not only BS but
other life stages such as sexual and asexual stages of the malaria parasite. Liver Stage is considered as
one of the important drug targets as it always leads to BS and the infection can be cured at this stage before
it enters into the Blood Stage. However, a limited number of compounds are reported effective
against LS malaria infection probably due to scarcity of in vitro LS culture methods and clinical possibilities.
This mini review covers a range of chemical compounds showing efficacy against BS and LS of
the malaria parasite’s life cycle collectively (i.e. dual stage activity). These scaffolds targeting dual
stages are essential for the eradication of malaria and to evade resistance.
An In Silico Investigation of Potential EGFR Inhibitors for the Clinical Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Majhi Manisha , Ali Meer Asif , Limaye Akanksha , Sinha Kritika , Bairagi Praveena , Chouksey Megha , Shukla Ruchi , Kanwar Nisha , Hussain Tajamul , Nayarisseri Anuraj , Singh Sanjeev Kumar
Published: November 2018

Colorectal cancer possesses the third highest diagnostic rate and is the second leading cause
of cancer death in the USA as reported by NIH. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), a transmembrane
protein, participates in PLC gamma-1, RAS-RAF-MEK-MAPKs, phosphatidylinositol-3
kinase, Akt pathways and plays a key role in normal functioning of cell division, cell differentiation,
apoptosis and migration. This protein is found to be overexpressed in more than 60% of the colorectal
cancers. Overexpressed EGFR advances the tumorigenic properties through cell cycle dysregulation and
activates signaling pathways linked to cancer such as WNT/β-catenin, transforming growth factor β
(TGF-β) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K). Inhibiting the overexpressed EGFR protein has been
proposed for the treatment and many inhibitors have been reported suppressing the activity of EGFR.
However, patients in malignant state of cancer show resistance to those inhibitors, which open a wide
space to research for the discovery of novel inhibitors. The present study employed Molecular Docking
and Virtual Screening to find novel inhibitors with high affinity against EGFR. Molecular docking of
existing inhibitors resulted in the compound titled as BGB-283 (PubChem CID-89670174) having the
highest score, which was subjected to similarity search to retrieve the drugs with similar structure. The
virtual screening concluded a compound SCHEMBL18435602 (PubChem CID-126517400) which revealed
a better affinity with the target protein. A comparative study of both the compounds showed
equivalent pharmacokinetic properties. These identified drugs have a high potential to act as EGFR inhibitors
and can show promising results in the research of colorectal cancer.
The Dysregulation of microRNAs and the Role of Stress in the Pathogenesis of Mental Disorders
Authors: Ivanova Elena , Bozhilova Radosveta , Kaneva Radka , Milanova Vihra
Published: November 2018

MicroRNAs are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by means
of partial complementarity to microRNA binding sites at their target genes. These molecules have
emerged as key regulators of almost every biological process including accurate control of neuronal
gene expression. The authors discuss the current state of microRNA research, including studies of psychiatric
disorders (schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder and affective disorders). Stress has also been
shown to have a critical role in the development of psychiatric disorders, at least partially, through
mechanisms related to neural plasticity. Synaptic connections in the brain undergo experience-dependent
functional or morphological changes through complex pathways that are not yet fully understood, but
for which microRNAs might have a critical role. The focus is on the role that microRNAs play in the
development of psychiatric disorders and their potential to serve as biomarkers of disease as well as targets
for pharmacological treatment.
In Silico and In Vitro Investigation of the Antifungal Activity of Isoeugenol against Penicillium citrinum
Authors: Ferreira Sávio Benvindo , Dantas Tassiana Barbosa , de Figuerêdo Silva Daniele , Ferreira Paula Benvindo , de Melo Thamara Rodrigues , de Oliveira Lima Edeltrudes
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

This increase in the prevalence of drug-resistant pathogens occurs at a time when
the discovery and development of new antimicrobial agents occur slowly. In this context, the objective of
this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of isoeugenol, a phenylpropanoid, by in vitro and in
silico assays against Penicillium citrinum strains.

Material and Method:

For in silico analysis, the software PASS online, Molinspiration and Osíris were
used. For the determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicide Concentration
(MFC) of isoeugenol and voriconazole were carried out using the broth microdilution technique.
PASS online has shown that isoeugenol has the opportunity to present antiseptic, antifungal, antibacterial,
antimycobacterial activities. Molinspiration showed that the phytoconstituent has good potential for oral
bioavailability.

Conclusion:

In the analysis with the Osiris program, it was demonstrated that isoeugenol has low irritant
and tumorigenic risk. The MIC of isoeugenol varied between 256 and 32 µg/mL, MIC50 of 64 µg/mL and
MIC90 was 128 µg/mL. The MFC50, MFC90 and MFC of the isoeugenol for P. citrinum species were 64,
256 and 518 μg/mL, respectively. After analysis, it was verified that the isoeugenol have bactericidal effect
against the strains of P. citrinum. After these results, it is important to discover the mechanism of
action involved in the antifungal action of the compound, as well as in vitro and in vivo toxicity tests.
Non-transplant Surgical Management of Short Bowel Syndrome in Children: An Overview
Authors: Coletta Riccardo , Morabito Antonino
Published: November 2018

Management of severe Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) is still one of the largest challenges
of the medicine. Vast majority of the short bowel patients are children, the conditions that
lead to this possible outcome most often are necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), small intestinal
volvulus as a result of intestinal malrotation, gastroschisis and the “apple peel” syndrome.
Therefore, paediatricians and paediatric surgeons face this challenge most often. The nontransplant
treatment appears to be effective using surgical procedure to increase absorptive surface
and to reduce the transit time, but in some cases these procedures are enough to weaning of
TPN. The aim of this review was to summarize the modern non-stransplant surgical management
of short bowel syndrome.