bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase Specific Pain Localization in Cluster Headache Patients.
Authors: Schröder Philipp , Gaul Charly , Drabik Attyla , Molsberger Albrecht
Published: September 2020

Background and Objective:Applying local treatments like neuromodulation or injections for cluster headache, requires exact knowledge of the anatomical structures and pain topography. However studies with emphasis on exact pain localization are rare although local treatments are increasingly used for patients in whom systemic pharmacotherapy is ineffective or contraindicated. Here, survey results with emphasis on exact pain location in cluster headache attacks for onset of pain, peak pain and radiation of pain, are presented. Methods: Data from 631 respondents were collected for 23 months using an online survey composed of 117 questions on pain location, epidemiology, and clinical features. 5260 datapoints on 44 pain locations were analyzed.Results: There is a periorbital concentration of pain during onset and peak phases of attacks. Pain locations outside the periorbital region were reported more frequently during radiation when compared to the onset and peak of attacks. Dorsal (occipital/nuchal) pain is more frequent during onset and radiation compared to peak: onset pain (13%) vs. peak pain (6%), p < 0,001. Pain radiation (22%) vs. peak pain (6%), p < 0,001. There is no significant difference in dorsal pain frequencies for pain radiation (22%) vs. onset (13%), p = 0,552. Furthermore, single pain spots differ significantly in frequency during the three attack phases.Conclusions: Analysis of the pain location data shows phase specific frequencies and distributions of pain location during the three stages of a cluster headache attack. Single pain spots differ significantly in frequency during the three attack phases. Dorsal pain is more frequent during onset and radiation, compared to peak. Extra-orbital pain locations are more frequent during pain radiation. These findings will help to better understand cluster headache and might help to identify further target structures for local treatments.
Mediating Effects of Risk Perception on Association Between Social Support and Coping with COVID-19: An Online Survey
Authors: Li Dian-Jeng , Ko Nai-Ying , Chang Yu-Ping , Yen Cheng-Fang , Chen Yi-Lung
Published: September 2020

Backgrounds:This study aimed to develop a model for estimating the mediating effects of risk perception and confidence on the association between perceived social support and active coping with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among people in Taiwan. Methods:The data of 1,970 participants recruited from a Facebook advertisement was analyzed. Perceived social support, active coping with COVID-19, risk perception and confidence were evaluated using self-administered questionnaires.Results:The structural equation modeling was applied to verify the direct and indirect effects between variables. The mediation model demonstrated that lower perceived social support was significantly associated with a higher level of active coping with COVID-19, and this was mediated by a higher level of risk perception. Conclusions:The present study identified the importance of risk perception on the public’s coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Microbial Diversity of Co-occurring Heterotrophs in Cultures of Marine Picocyanobacteria
Authors: Kearney Sean Michael , Thomas Elaina , Coe Allison , Chisholm Sallie W.
Published: September 2020

BackgroundProchlorococcus and Synechococcus are responsible for around 10% of global net primary productivity, serving as part of the foundation of marine food webs. Heterotrophic bacteria are often co-isolated with these picocyanobacteria in seawater enrichment cultures that contain no added organic carbon; heterotrophs grow on organic carbon supplied by the photolithoautotrophs. We have maintained these cultures of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus for 100s to 1000s of generations; they represent ideal microcosms for examining the selective pressures shaping autotroph/heterotroph interactions. ResultsWe examine the diversity of heterotrophs in 74 enrichment cultures of these picocyanobacteria obtained from diverse areas of the global oceans. Heterotroph community composition differed between clades and ecotypes of the autotrophic ‘hosts’ but there was significant overlap in heterotroph community composition. Differences were associated with timing, location, depth, and methods of isolation, suggesting the particular conditions surrounding isolation have a persistent effect on long-term culture composition. The majority of heterotrophs in the cultures are rare in the global ocean; enrichment conditions favor the opportunistic outgrowth of these rare bacteria. We did find a few examples, such as heterotrophs in the family Rhodobacteraceae, that are ubiquitous and abundant in cultures and in the global oceans; their abundance in the wild is also positively correlated with that of picocyanobacteria. ConclusionsCollectively, the cultures converged on similar compositions, likely from bottlenecking and selection that happens during the early stages of enrichment for the picocyanobacteria. We highlight the potential for examining ecologically relevant relationships by identifying patterns of distribution of culture-enriched organisms in the global oceans.
LINC00958 Promotes the Proliferation of TSCC Via miR-211-5p/CENPK Axis and Activating the JAK/STAT3 Signaling Pathway  
Authors: JIA BO , DAO JUNFENG , HAN JIUSONG , HUANG ZHIJIE , SUN XIANG , ZHENG XIANGHUAI , XIANG SHIJIAN , ZHOU HUIXI , Liu Shuguan
Published: September 2020

Background：Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is one of the most common oral tumors. Recently, long intergenic noncoding RNA 00958 (LINC00958) has been identified as an oncogenic gene in human cancers. Nevertheless, the role of LINC00958 and its downstream mechanisms in TSCC is still unknown. The expression levels of LINC00958 in human TSCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were determined. Methods：The effect of LINC00958 on TSCC cells proliferation and growth were assessed by CCK-8, colony formation, 5-Ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridline (EdU) assay, and flow cytometry assays in vitro and tumor xenograft model in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the target of LINC00958 in TSCC, which was verified by RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Results：LINC00958 was increased in TSCC tissues, and patients with high LINC00958 expression had a shorter overall survival. LINC00958 knockdown significantly decreased the growth rate of TSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. In mechanism, LINC00958 acted as a ceRNA by competitively sponging miR-211-5p. In addition, we identified CENPK as a direct target gene of miR-211-5p, which was higher in TSCC tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues. Up-regulated miR-211-5p or down-regulated CENPK could abolish LINC00958-induced proliferation promotion in TSCC cells. Furthermore, The overexpression of CENPK promoted the expression of oncogenic cell cycle regulators and activated the JAK/STAT3 signaling. Conclusions：Our findings suggest that LINC00958 is a potential prognostic biomarker in TSCC.
Construction of a competitive endogenous RNA network and analysis of potential regulatory axis targets in glioblastoma
Authors: Yu Kai , Yang Huan , Lv Qiao-li , Wang Li-chong , Tan Zi-long , Zhang Zhe , Ji Yu-long , Lin Qian-xia , Chen Jun-jun , He Wei , Chen Zhen , Shen Xiao-li
Published: September 2020

Background

Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Due to the limited understanding of its pathogenesis, the prognosis of glioblastoma is poor. The purpose of this study is to explore potential ceRNA network chains and biomarkers in glioblastoma through integrated bioinformatics analysis.

Methods

Transcriptome expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and Gene Expression Omnibus were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes between glioblastoma tissue and normal tissue. The potential biological pathways associated with the differentially expressed genes were explored using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, and a protein-protein interaction network was established using the STRING database and Cytoscape. Survival analysis using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis was based on the Kaplan-Meier curve method. The ceRNA network chain was established using the intersection method to align data from four databases (miRTarBase, miRcode, TargetScan, and lncBace2.0), and expression differences and correlations were verified by using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis and determining the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results

A total of 2842 DEmRNAs, 2577 DElncRNAs, and 309 DEmiRNAs were dysregulated in glioblastoma. The final ceRNA network consisted of six specific lncRNAs, four miRNAs, and four mRNAs. Among them, four DEmRNAs and one DElncRNA were correlated with overall survival (p < 0.05). We found that C1S was significantly correlated with overall survival (p = 0.015) and could therefore be used as a biomarker for glioblastoma.

Conclusions

Four ceRNA networks were established that may influence the occurrence and development of glioblastoma. Among them, the MIR155HG/has-miR-129-5p/C1S axis may be a potential marker and therapeutic target. In particular, C1S has not yet been reported in glioblastoma studies. These findings clarify the role of the ceRNA regulatory network in glioblastoma and lay a foundation for further research.
Modulation of the Permeability-Inducing Factor Angiopoietin-2 Through Bifonazole in Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Pape Thorben , Idowu Temitayo Opemipo , Etzrodt Valerie Maritta , Stahl Klaus , Haller Hermann , David Sascha
Published: September 2020

BackgroundSepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a pathological host response to an infection. Vascular barrier breakdown represents a key component of the maladaptive host response and the release of pre-stored endothelial Angiopoietin-2 (Angpt-2) is a direct driver of endothelial hyperpermeability. Although it has been demonstrated that Angpt-2 is associated with morbidity and mortality, a therapeutic approach targeting this injurious endothelial protein is not available. We screened for FDA approved drugs that might have off-target effects decreasing circulating Angpt-2 levels and therefore, ameliorating capillary leakage.MethodsEndothelial cells were isolated from human umbilical veins (HUVECs) and used for in vitro studies at baseline and after stimulation (FDA-library screening, RT-PCR, ELISA, immunocytochemistry). On the functional level, we assessed real-time transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) using the ECIS (electric cell-substrate impedance sensing) device.ResultsWe identified Bifonazole (BIFO) in an unbiased library screen and found that it is able to reduce spontaneous Angpt-2 release in HUVECs in a time- and dose-dependent manner after 8, 12 and 24 h (24 h: veh: 15.6 ± 0.7 vs. BIFO: 8.6 ± 0.8 ng/mL, p < 0.0001). BIFO reduced not only Angpt-2 release but also its intra-cellular content by 33 % (p < 0.001). Stimulation of HUVECs with a sepsis mediator, i.e. tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) (10 ng/ml) induced a rapid release of Angpt-2 that could analogously be blocked by additional treatment with BIFO (veh: 1.58 ± 0.2 vs. BIFO: 1.02 ± 0.1, p < 0.0001). On the functional level, the quantification of endothelial permeability by TER revealed that BIFO was sufficient to reduce an acute barrier breakdown induced by Thrombin (veh: 0.82 ± 0.1 vs. BIFO: 1.01 ± 0.02, p < 0.05).ConclusionThe antifungal BIFO can reduce both release and biosynthesis of the endothelial-destabilizing factor Angpt-2 in vitro. Henceforth, our results suggest that BIFO might counterpart the pathophysiology of endothelial permeability in systemic inflammation. Additional studies are needed to further investigate the underlying mechanism and to translate these findings to in vivo models.
Magnetostratigraphic Evidence for Post-Depositional Distortion of Osmium Isotopic Records in Pelagic Clay and Its Implications for Mineral Flux Estimates
Authors: Usui Yoichi , Yamazaki Toshitsugu
Published: September 2020

Chemical stratigraphy is useful for dating deep sea sediments which sometimes lack radiometric or biostratigraphic constraints. Oxic pelagic clay contains Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides that can retain seawater 187Os/188Os values, and its age can be estimated by fitting the isotopic ratios to the seawater 187Os/188Os curve. On the other hand, the stability of Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides is sensitive to redox change, and it is not clear whether the original 187Os/188Os values are always preserved in sediments. However, due to the lack of independent age constraints, the reliability of 187Os/188Os ages of pelagic clay have never been tested. Here we report inconsistency between magnetostratigraphic and 187Os/188Os ages in pelagic clay around Minamitorishima Island. In a ~ 5 m thick interval, previous studies correlated 187Os/188Os data to a brief (< 2 million years) isotopic excursion in the late Eocene. Paleomagnetic measurements revealed at least 12 polarity zones in the interval, indicating a > 3.3–7.4 million years duration. Quartz and feldspars content showed that while the paleomagnetic chronology gives reasonable eolian flux estimates, the 187Os/188Os chronology leads unrealistically high values. These results suggest that the low 187Os/188Os signal has diffused from an original thin layer to the current ~ 5 m interval, causing an underestimate of the deposition duration. The preservation of the polarity patterns indicates that a mechanical mixing such as bioturbation cannot be the main process for the diffusion, so diagenetic re-distribution of Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides and associated Os may be responsible. The paleomagnetic chronology presented here also demands reconsiderations of the timing, accumulation rate, and origins of the high content of rare-earth elements and yttrium in pelagic clay around Minamitorishima Island.
Determinants of Early Marriage and Its Affect on Depression: A Population-based Study 
Authors: Azizi Hosein , Fakhari Ali , Farahbakhsh Mostafa , Esmaeili Elham Davtalab , Barzgar Habibeh
Published: September 2020

Background: Early Marriage (EM) has defined as a marriage or union between two people when one or both are below 18. EM has serious side effects on psychological well-being and increases the probability of depression risk in the future. In Iran, EM predictors and the risk of depression among married people are poorly understood.Methods: A community-based descriptive-analytic study was conducted among the married general population in Malekan County. Stratified random sampling was performed. The face-to-face interviews and Beck depression inventory scale II were used by trained interviews. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval the association between EM and predictor factors.Results: A total of 402 married participated in the study. The prevalence rate of EM was found 87 (21.64%). Out of 87 EM people, 80% were female. Almost 60% and 46.4% of EM and non-EM respondents had depressive symptoms, respectively. In the final analysis, EM was increased risk of depression (AOR=1.60; 95% CI: 1.2 – 2.72). Moreover, educational level of parents (AOR=5.53; 95% CI: 2.14 – 17.22), educational level of participants, (AOR=4.27; 95% CI: 1.28 – 14.35), female (AOR=2.43; 95% CI: 1.32 – 4.46), and family income (AOR=2.74; 95% CI: 1.00 – 7.84), were found significant predictors of EM. Conclusion: The educational level of married people and their parents are strong predictors of EM. Furthermore, EM affects depressive symptoms in the future. A general policy with inter-sectoral collaborations and increasing health literacy and effective training programs are imperative to reduce EM rates.
Triatoindex: A Composite Indicator for Triatomine Surveillance
Authors: Ribeiro Gilmar , Sousa Orlando Marcos Farias de , Santos Carlos Gustavo Silva dos , Fonseca Eduardo Oyama Lins , Santos Roberto Fonseca dos , Cunha Gabriel Muricy , Carvalho Cristiane Medeiros Moraes de , Reis Mitermayer Galvão dos , Gurgel-Gonçalves Rodrigo
Published: September 2020

Background: Entomological indicators are essential to guide surveillance and control of vector-borne diseases. Indicators of Chagas disease vector surveillance such as infestation, colonization, and density depend on wide surveys performed by trained health agents that are difficult to maintain in endemic countries; now, surveillance is mainly based on community participation. Thus, the development of an index that aggregates variables of vectorial potential and occurrence and triatomine species may be useful. Objective: To develop an index for triatomine bug surveillance. Methods: The index was developed based on entomological surveillance data from the State of Bahia, Brazil, between 2006 and 2019. For each triatomine species, the following data were analyzed: a) relative abundance; b) geographic distribution, c) proportion of nymphs; d) Trypanosoma cruzi infection; e) human contact/ blood meal sources. Values ​​were assigned to each of these variables and the sum of the values ​​generated the index (TriatoIndex = Ti) that ranged from 0 to 15. Subsequently, the municipalities' Ti value was calculated, based on the sum of the Ti values ​​of the species registered in each municipality. RESULTS: From the 26 species of triatomines in Bahia, 20 (77%) presented Ti <10. Triatoma infestans (15), T. sordida (14), T. brasiliensis (13), T. pseudomaculata (12), T. melanica (10), and T. juazeirensis (10) presented the highest values ​​of Ti in the studied area. The Ti values ​​in the municipalities in the central and northeastern regions of Bahia were high; these areas were considered hotspots for the occurrence of the main important vectors. Conclusions: The index presented takes into account the geographical distribution and vectorial potential of triatomines within the region. TriatoIndex is a promising tool for targeted surveillance of T. cruzi vectors.
Immediate Impact of Extremity Manipulation on Dual Task Performance: A Randomized, Crossover Study
Authors: Malaya Christopher Alexander , Haworth Joshua , Pohlman Katherine A. , Smith Dean L.
Published: September 2020

Background: Previous research demonstrated that manipulation of the extremities was associated with changes in multisegmental postural sway as well as improvement in a lower extremity balancing task. We were interested if these effects would extend to an upper extremity task. Our aim in this study was to investigate whether extremity manipulation could influence dual task performance where the explicit suprapostural task was balancing a water filled tube in the frontal plane.Methods: Participants were healthy volunteers (aged 21-32 years). Upper- or lower-extremity manipulations were delivered in a participant and assessor blinded, randomized crossover, clinical trial. Postural (center of pressure) and suprapostural (tube motion) measurements in the frontal plane were made pre-post manipulation under eyes open and eyes closed conditions using a BTrackS™ force plate and a Shimmer inertial measurement unit, respectively. Pathlength, range, root mean square and sample entropy were calculated to describe each signal during the dual task performance.Results: There was no main effect of manipulation or vision for the suprapostural task (tube motion). However, follow-up to interaction effects indicates that roll pathlength, range and root means square of tube motion all decreased (improvement) following lower extremity manipulation with eyes open. Regarding the postural task, there was a main effect of manipulation on mediolateral center of pressure such that pathlength reduced with both upper and lower extremity manipulation with larger decreases in pathlength values following upper extremity manipulation. Conclusion: Our findings show that manipulation of the extremities enhanced stability (e.g. tube stabilization and standing balance) on performance of a dual task. This furthers the argument that site-specific manipulations influence context specific motor behavior/coordination.Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03877367, Registered 15 March 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03877367?term=NCT03877367&draw=2&rank=1
VALENCIA: A Nearest Centroid Classification Method for Vaginal Microbial Communities Based on Composition 
Authors: France Michael T , Ma Bing , Gajer Pawel , Brown Sarah , Humphrys Michael S. , Holm Johanna B. , Waetjen L. Elaine , Brotman Rebecca M. , Ravel Jacques
Published: September 2020

BackgroundTaxonomic profiles of vaginal microbial communities can be sorted into a discrete number of categories termed Community State Types (CSTs). This approach is advantageous because collapsing a hyper dimensional taxonomic profile into a single categorical variable enables efforts such as data exploration, epidemiological studies and statistical modeling. Vaginal communities are typically assigned to CSTs based on the results of hierarchical clustering of the pairwise distances between samples. However, this approach is problematic because it complicates between-study comparisons and because the results are entirely dependent on the particular set of samples that were analyzed. We sought to standardize and advance the assignment of samples to CSTs.ResultsWe developed VALENCIA (VAginaL community state typE Nearest CentroId clAssifier), a nearest centroid based tool which classifies samples based on their similarity to a set of reference centroids. The references were defined using a comprehensive set of 13,160 taxonomic profiles from 1,975 women in the United States. This large dataset allowed us to comprehensively identify, define, and characterize vaginal CSTs common to reproductive age women, and expand upon the CSTs that had been defined in previous studies. We validated the broad applicability of VALENCIA for the classification of vaginal microbial communities by using it to classify three test datasets which included reproductive age eastern and southern African women, adolescent girls, and a racially/ethnically and geographically diverse sample of postmenopausal women. VALENCIA performed well on all three datasets despite the substantial variations in sequencing strategies and bioinformatics pipelines, indicating its broad application to vaginal microbiota. We further describe the relationships between community characteristics (vaginal pH, Nugent score) and participant demographics (race, age) and the CSTs defined by VALENCIA. ConclusionVALENCIA provides a much-needed solution for the robust and reproducible assignment of vaginal community state types. This will allow unbiased analysis of both small and large vaginal microbiota datasets, comparisons between datasets and meta-analyses that combine multiple datasets.
Decoding the RNA Viromes in Rodent Lungs Provides New Insight Into the Origin and Evolutionary Patterns of Rodent-borne Pathogens in Mainland Southeast Asia
Authors: Wu Zhiqiang , Han Yelin , Liu Bo , Li Hongying , Zhu Guangjian , Latinne Alice , Dong Jie , Sun Lilian , Su Haoxiang , Liu Liguo , Du Jiang , Zhou Siyu , Chen Mingxing , Kritiyakan Anamika , Jittapalapong Sathaporn , Chaisiri Kittipong , Buchy Phillipe , Duong Veasna , Yang Jian , Jiang Jinyong , Xu Xiang , Zhou Hongning , Yang Fan , Irwin David , Morand Serge , Daszak Peter , Wang Jianwei , Jin Qi
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: As the largest group of mammalian species, which are also widely distributed all over the world, rodents are the natural reservoirs for many diverse zoonotic viruses. A comprehensive understanding of the core virome of diverse rodents should therefore assist in efforts to reduce the risk of future emergence or re-emergence of rodent-borne zoonotic pathogens. RESULTS: This study aimed to describe the viral range that could be detected in the lungs of rodents from Mainland Southeast Asia. Lung samples were collected from 3,284 rodents and insectivores of the orders Rodentia, Scandentia, and Eulipotyphla in eighteen provinces of Thailand, Lao PDR, and Cambodia throughout 2006-2018. Meta-transcriptomic analysis was used to outline the unique spectral characteristics of the mammalian viruses within these lungs and the ecological and genetic imprints of the novel viruses. Many mammalian- or arthropod-related viruses from distinct evolutionary lineages were reported for the first time in these species, and viruses related to known pathogens were characterized for their genomic and evolutionary characteristics, host species, and locations. CONCLUSIONS: These results expand our understanding of the core viromes of rodents and insectivores from Mainland Southeast Asia and suggest that a high diversity of viruses remains to be found in rodent species of this area. These findings, combined with our previous virome data from China, increase our knowledge of the viral community in wildlife and arthropod vectors in emerging disease hotspots of East and Southeast Asia.
O jogo computacional como ferramenta de ensino e aprendizagem para alunos com dislexia – uma experiência nas salas multifuncionais de Cerro Largo – RS
Authors: BATISTA Jeize de Fátima , GONÇALVES Ana Cecília Teixeira , ZIESMANN Cleusa Inês
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho consiste em aplicar atividades de um software, desenvolvido pela coordenadora da proposta do projeto de extensão, em alunos da rede municipal da cidade de Cerro Largo diagnosticados com dislexia. As atividades propostas servem como estímulos para aumentar e potencializar a consciência fonêmica, a partir de jogos de identificação e reconhecimento de letras, palavras, frases, rimas e sons, analisando sua eficácia por meio da comparação dos desempenhos obtidos em testes de leitura realizados antes e após a utilização do aplicativo Estimugame. Dessa forma, o objetivo principal deste projeto é colaborar com os professores que atuam na sala de recursos, propiciando ferramentas próprias para estimular a leitura em alunos com dislexia. Nesse sentido, a partir do projeto de extensão, tem-se possibilitado que muitos alunos com dislexia recebam um auxílio específico para as dificuldades de leitura, o que vem se mostrando eficaz a cada semana. Todos os participantes estão acompanhando e superando, mesmo que lentamente, suas limitações, buscando melhorar a cada etapa do projeto. Assim, esperamos auxiliar os profissionais da educação diante das dificuldades que os alunos apresentam em relação à dislexia, respeitando as suas limitações e a subjetividade de cada criança para vencer seus obstáculos e construir os seus conhecimentos.
Can key interest rates decrease output gaps?
Authors: Stavytskyy Andriy , Kharlamova Ganna , Giedraitis Vincentas , Osetskyi Valeriy , Kulish Viktoriia
Published: September 2020

The difference in the GDP levels is crucial for the macroeconomic forecasting to develop adequate and supportive fiscal and monetary policies. Most mismeasurements under current geoeconomics challenges can be explained by the difficulty in predicting recessions and the overestimation of the economy’s potential capacity. The research aims to consider the GDP gap’s effectiveness for the possible forecasting of the monetary policy, particularly the central bank’s interest rate. The study uses quantitative methods, particularly VAR modeling. The VAR model is chosen as a proven useful tool for describing the dynamic behavior of economic time series and forecasting. The data sample is chosen as Eurozone, the United States, and Japan. The similarity is detected on output gaps implementation in the considered states; however, the variety in the responses to the financial crisis is revealed. This difference is due to the different sensitivity of economies on the impact of monetary instruments. In particular, the Japanese economy has a relatively low level of sensitivity to changes in monetary instruments. In terms of the reactions of central banks to the current economic crisis caused by COVID-19, then due to the global lockdown and the incredible decline in economic activity, almost all countries are in a situation of negative GDP gap according the paper’s approach. However, the measures to mitigate it will vary in different states.
AcknowledgmentThe paper is done in the framework of scientific faculty research 16КF040-04 “Steady-state security assessment: a new framework for analysis” (2016–2021), Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine).
Resolution of the Expert сouncil on сurrent issues in the treatment of patients with hemophilia A with clotting factor VIII with prolonged half-life (INN – Efmoroctocog alfa)
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: September 2020

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From edition
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: September 2020

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Survey identifies need for subspecialized pediatric hematology/oncology nursing education in nine Еurasian countries
Authors: Sullivan C. E. , Hans M. , Yakimkova T. , Ehrlich B. , Mishkova V. , Agulnik A.
Published: September 2020

Background. In 2018, Eurasian Alliance in Pediatric Oncology (EurADO) members identified pediatric hematology/oncology nursing education as a regional priority. In most participating Eurasian countries, pediatric hematology/oncology nursing is not recognized as a subspecialty; thus, subspecialized education offerings may be limited. A working group of nurse leaders was formed to set nursing priorities to advance pediatric cancer nursing and subspecialized education in the region. As an initial project, members determined a need to develop a train-the-trainer course for regional implementation to improve nurses’ subspecialty knowledge.

Purpose/Objective. A needs assessment was conducted to evaluate Eurasian nurses’ pediatric hematology/oncology education needs to inform the development of a pediatric hematology/oncology nursing train-the-trainer course in Eurasia.

Design/Methods. From August to September 2019, a paper-based needs assessment was disseminated in English and Russian to working group members for dissemination to pediatric cancer nurses in their hospitals. Items included multiple choice, yes/no, Likert-type scale and open-ended questions. Questions assessed participant demographics, subspecialty education topics of interest and perceived high-risk issues for nurses and patients.

Results. Responses were received from 233 nurses representing 13 hospitals in 9 countries. Priority topics of interest included overview of pediatric cancers and treatment, chemotherapy administration and side effects, oncologic emergencies and vascular access. Nurses reported that patients in their settings were at high-risk for infection, depression/psychological issues, treatment-related side effects and complications. Perceived high-risk areas for nurses included stress/burnout, high workloads/short-staffing, hazardous drug and blood borne pathogen exposure and limited equipment.

Conclusion. Survey findings reveal a lack of subspecialty pediatric hematology/oncology education opportunities for nurses practicing in Eurasian hospitals. The Eurasia Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Nursing Course was developed based on survey results and is currently being implemented across centers in the region.
Features of nutritional support in pediatric patients during cytostatic therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Rotan N. G.
Published: September 2020

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Interaction of Human Alpha-2-Macroglobulin with Pesticide Aldicarb Using Spectroscopy and Molecular Docking
Authors: Dixit Swati , Zia Mohammad Khalid , Siddiqui Tooba , Ahsan Haseeb , Khan Fahim Halim
Published: September 2020

Background:

Aldicarb is a carbamate pesticide commercially used in potato crop production.
Once it enters human body, it interacts with diverse proteins and other substances.

Objective:

Aldicarb is toxic to human health and it is also a cholinesterase inhibitor, which prevents
the breakdown of acetylcholine in synapse. Human alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M), is a large
tetrameric glycoprotein of 720 kDa with antiproteinase activity, found abundantly in plasma.

Methods:

In the present study, the interaction of aldicarb with alpha-2-macroglobulin was explored
utilizing various spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking studies.

Results:

UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy suggests the formation of a complex between aldicarb
and α2M apparent by increased absorbance and decreased fluorescence with static quenching
mode. CD spectroscopy indicates a slight change in the structure of alpha-2-macroglobulin. Docking
studies confirm the interaction of aldicarb with Pro- 1391, Leu-1392, Lys-1393, Val-1396,
Lys- 1397, Thr-1408, Glu-1409, Val-1410, Asp-282 and Glu-281 in the receptor binding domain at
the C-terminal of the alpha 2 macroglobulin.

Discussion:

In this work, aldicarb is shown to bind with alpha 2-macroglobulin at receptor binding
domain which is the binding site for various extracellular and intracellular ligand too. Also, affecting
the functional activity of the protein may lead to further physiological consequences.

Conclusion:

It is possible that aldicarb binds and compromises antiproteinase activity of α2M and
binding properties by inducing changes in the secondary structure of the protein.
Drug Repurposing Approaches: Existing Leads for Novel Threats and Drug Targets
Authors: Usha Talambedu , Middha Sushil K. , Kukanur Anusha A. , Shravani Rachamadugu V. , Anupama Mahantesh N. , Harshitha Nagasamudram , Rahamath Ameena , Kulkarni Sumedha S. , Goyal Arvind K.
Published: September 2020

Drug Repurposing (DR) is an alternative to the traditional drug discovery process. It is
cost and time effective,with high returns and low-risk process that can tackle the increasing need
for interventions for varied diseases and new outbreaks. Repurposing of old drugs for other diseases
has gained wider attention, as there have been several old drugs approved by the FDA for new
diseases. In the global emergency of COVID-19 pandemic, this is one of the strategies implemented
in the repurposing of old anti-infective, anti-rheumatic and anti-thrombotic drugs. The goal of
the current review is to elaborate the process of DR, its advantages, repurposed drugs for a plethora
of disorders, and the evolution of related academic publications. Further, detailed are the computational
approaches: literature mining and semantic inference, network-based drug repositioning, signature
matching, retrospective clinical analysis, molecular docking and experimental phenotypic
screening. We discuss the legal and economic potential barriers in DR, existent collaborative models
and recommendations for overcoming these hurdles and leveraging the complete potential of
DR in finding new indications.
Formulation, Sensory Attributes and Nutrient Content of a Malted Sorghum-based Porridge: Potential for the Management of Moderate Acute Malnutrition among Infants and Young Children
Authors: Kajjura Richard B. , Veldman Frederick J. , Kassier Susanna M.
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

Substituting corn in a fortified corn-soy blend (CSB+) with enzyme-active
sorghum malt has the potential to be used as a suitable alternative supplementary porridge in
the management of infants and young children (IYC) with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) in
Uganda.

Objective:

This study aimed to develop acceptable malted sorghum-based supplementary porridge
(MSBP) that meets the energy and protein specifications for the management of IYC with MAM,
using locally-available ingredients.

Methods:

MSBP formulations included the use of malted sorghum flour and extruded soy and corn
flour. The ratio of the soy to corn ingredients was 3:7 (F617/F593), 1:1 (F892/F940), and 4:1 for
CSB+, which is the standard care for the management of IYC with MAM in Uganda. The sorghum
malt content for F617/F892 and F593/F940 was 25% and 30%, respectively. F617, F593, F892 and
F940 met international specifications for a supplementary porridge. A comparison of the consumer
acceptability scores and viscosity levels of these formulations was made, using analysis of
variance.

Results and Discussion:

The scores for flavour, taste, mouth feel, sweetness and overall consumer
acceptability differed among the formulations (p<0.05). F617 had a higher mean acceptability
score than F593, F892 and F940 (p<0.05), as well as a higher energy and protein content than CSB+
(p<0.01). The energy density, protein density and viscosity of F617 were 1.6kcal/ g, 4g/100
kcal and 2809 cP, respectively, with a flour rate of 25%.

Conclusion:

Sorghum malt is suitable for the development of an acceptable supplementary porridge
(MSBP). It meets the international energy and protein specifications for the management of
IYC with MAM, and the F617 formulation meets these specifications.
Physicochemical and Organoleptic Properties of Local Food-based Enteral Nutrition Product to Mitigate Patient Malnutrition
Authors: Lestari Lily A. , Susetyowati  , Setyopranoto Ismail , Probosuseno  , Astuti Herni
Published: September 2020

Background:

In Indonesia, to attain cost-effectiveness, home enteral formulas are produced
from fresh foods, but they are not ready-to-use products, not durable, and have unstandardized
nutrition contents.

Objective:

We aimed to evaluate sensory characteristics and the physicochemical properties of a
local food-based enteral nutrition product.

Methods:

We evaluated sensory characteristics of a local food-based enteral nutrition product consisting
of color, odor, flavor, and texture using triangle test. The sensory evaluation involved 30
semi-trained sensory panelists. Physicochemical properties were also assessed through standardized
laboratory analyses. The ingredients were arrowroot starch, rice flour, palm sugar, cork
fish (Channa striata), tempeh powder, milk, and yellow pumpkins. The flavors were original, ginger
and cinnamon. Panelists were asked to assess the color, odor, flavor and texture, and provide a
score for each variable according to a 5-point Likert scale from strongly do not like to strongly
like. The physicochemical properties, i.e. , the water and ash contents, water activity, antioxidant
activity, heavy metal content, and viscosity, were analyzed.

Results and Discussion:

There were only significant mean rank differences of color between samples,
while odor, flavor, and texture were not. Most panelists selected light brown, which was the
original flavor, as their preferred color compared to ginger and cinnamon flavor (52.45 vs. 43.50
vs. 36.05, p=0.026). The most favorable odor was from the ginger flavor, but for flavor, almost all
panelists selected the original flavor as being the best. The texture of all products was slightly
sandy. The water, ash, Pb contents, Aw and antioxidant activity were 3.14%, 4.18%, 0.016 mg/kg,
0.22, and 14.1 ppm, respectively.

Conclusion:

The original product exhibited better organoleptic properties in terms of color and flavor,
while the ginger flavor exhibited a better odor than the other variants. The physicochemical
properties of the product met the Indonesian National Standard requirements.
The Effect of Cassava Starch on the Durability Characteristics of Concrete
Authors: Oni Daniel , Mwero John , Kabubo Charles
Published: September 2020

Background:

Concrete is a common material used in the construction of marine structures, such as bridges, water treatment plants, jetties,etc.The use of concrete in these environment exposes it to attack from chemicals like sulphates, chlorides and alkaline, thereby causing it to deteriorate, and unable to perform satisfactorily within its service life. Hence, the need to investigate the durability properties of concrete has become necessary especially when admixtures are used to modify some of its properties.

Objective:

This research work investigates the effect of Cassava Starch (CS) on the durability characteristics of concrete.

Methods:

The durability properties investigated in this work are water absorption, sorptivity, resistance to sulphates, sodium hydroxides and chloride penetration. The specimens were prepared by adding CS by weight of cement at 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0% respectively. The concrete specimens were cured for 28 days, tested for compressive strength before ponding in ionic solutions of sodium hydroxide, sulphuric acid and sodium chloride. Six (6) concrete mixes were prepared, five of which were used to evaluate the effect of CS on the durability characteristics of concrete.

Results:

The slump values reduced with the increasing dosage of CS due to the viscous nature of the CS paste. Generally, the addition of CS in concrete tends to improve the resistance of concrete to sulphate and chloride attack due to the ability of the muddy-like starch gel to block the pore spaces of hardened concrete, hence, reduces the rate at which water and other aggressive chemicals penetrate the concrete. In addition, the retarding ability of CS impedes the formation of mono-sulphate aluminates during cement hydration, thereby making the concrete less susceptible to sulphate attack.

Conclusion:

The addition of CS to concrete by weight of cement generally improved the durability characteristics of concrete, while the relative performances of the concrete mixes showed that CS 2.0 gave a better resistance to chloride penetration and sulphate attack.
Effects of Nintedanib on Quantitative Lung Fibrosis Score in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Lancaster Lisa , Goldin Jonathan , Trampisch Matthias , Kim Grace Hyun , Ilowite Jonathan , Homik Lawrence , Hotchkin David L. , Kaye Mitchell , Ryerson Christopher J. , Mogulkoc Nesrin , Conoscenti Craig S
Published: September 2020

Background:

Nintedanib slows disease progression in patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) by reducing decline in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). The effects of nintedanib on abnormalities on high-resolution computed tomography scans have not been previously studied.

Objective:

We conducted a Phase IIIb trial to assess the effects of nintedanib on changes in Quantitative Lung Fibrosis (QLF) score and other measures of disease progression in patients with IPF.

Methods:

113 patients were randomized 1:1 to receive nintedanib 150 mg bid or placebo double-blind for ≥6 months, followed by open-label nintedanib. The primary endpoint was the relative change from baseline in QLF score (%) at month 6. Analyses were descriptive and exploratory.

Results:

Adjusted mean relative changes from baseline in QLF score at month 6 were 11.4% in the nintedanib group (n=42) and 14.6% in the placebo group (n=45) (difference 3.2% [95% CI: −9.2, 15.6]). Adjusted mean absolute changes from baseline in QLF score at month 6 were 0.98% and 1.33% in these groups, respectively (difference 0.35% [95% CI: −1.27, 1.96]). Adjusted mean absolute changes from baseline in FVC at month 6 were −14.2 mL and −83.2 mL in the nintedanib (n=54) and placebo (n=54) groups, respectively (difference 69.0 mL [95% CI: −8.7, 146.8]).

Conclusion:

Exploratory data suggest that in patients with IPF, 6 months’ treatment with nintedanib was associated with a numerically smaller degree of fibrotic change in the lungs and reduced FVC decline versus placebo. These data support previous findings that nintedanib slows the progression of IPF.
Experiences Leading to the Choice of Termination of Pregnancy Amongst Teenagers at a Regional Hospital in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
Authors: Mothiba Tebogo M. , Muthelo Livhuwani , Mabaso Khatazile
Published: September 2020

Background:

In order to promote women’s rights relating to their sexual and reproductive health, termination of pregnancy in South Africa was introduced. Health professionals are expected to assist women in realizing their wishes if they want to terminate unwanted pregnancies. Unfortunately, women still experience challenges relating to the Termination of Pregnancy, more specifically, pregnant teenagers.

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to describe and explore the occurrences leading to the termination of pregnancy amongst teenagers.

Methods:

The qualitative research method was adopted to determine occurrences related to the Choice of Termination of Pregnancy amongst teenagers in Mpumalanga Province. Data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with teenagers to gain insight into the phenomenon studied. Permission to conduct the study at the hospital was obtained from the Department of Health Mpumalanga Province and written informed consent was obtained from participants prior to the sessions. Teenagers between the ages of 13-19 years who opted for, or had already, terminated their pregnancy participated in the study.

Results

The study revealed that the termination of unplanned pregnancy amongst teenagers was influenced by different life experiences. Those experiences are 1) the concern of being rejected by parents and other family members, 2) fear of being ridiculed by peers and the entire community, 3) feelings of embarrassment and shame, and 4) how the teen’s parents are likely to react when they are made aware of the pregnancy.

Conclusions and Recommendations:

The study revealed different circumstances, which contributed to the decision of some pregnant teenagers to opt for the termination of their pregnancy. It is of vital importance that support services be available continuously for the teenagers who opted for termination of pregnancy. More importantly, the supportive environment created by family members and close friends is of the utmost importance, because they are better placed to see the changes or see how the teens are coping pre- and post-abortion. This will enable teenagers to feel that they are not alone and enable them to cope in both pre-and-post phases.
Discovery of Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Main Protease (Mpro) from Nigella Sativa (Black Seed) by Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Khan S.L. , Siddiqui F.A. , Jain S.P. , Sonwane G.M.
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

A new human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), triggering pneumonia, is termed as
Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19). There is an alarming situation now as this new virus is spreading
around the world. At present, there are no specific treatments for COVID-19. Nigella sativa is
known as Prophetic Medicine as its use has been mentioned in Prophetic Hadith, as a natural remedy
for all the diseases except death. Seeds and oils of N. sativa have a long history of folklore usage in
various systems of medicine such as Unani and Tibb, Ayurveda and Siddha in the treatment of different
diseases and ailments. The aim of this research is to provide a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2
Mpro.

Methods:

The Molecular docking tool was used to optimize the binding affinities of chemical constituents
of N. sativa with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.

Results:

Many constituents from N. Sativa have shown better binding affinity than reported drugs with
SARS-CoV-2 Mpro i.e., the alpha-hederin, Stigmasterol glucoside, Nigellidine-4-O-sulfite, Nigellidine,
Sterol-3-β-D-glucoside, Dithymoquinone, beta-sitosterol have binding affinities (kcal/mol) of -9, -8.1,
-8, -7.7, -7.7, -7.4, -7.4, and -6.9 and number of hydrogen bonds formed are 06, 04, 03, 03, 03, 00, and
01, respectively.

Conclusions:

There is rationale and pre-clinical evidence of the effectiveness of N. Sativa that it may be
helpful for the treatment of COVID-19 and can serve as a potential natural candidate. However, more
studies should be conducted to collect high-quality data and scientific evidence of N. Sativa to use it
against COVID-19 clinically.
Mediopatías
Authors: Fernández Luis Miguel
Published: September 2020

A lo largo de la historia de los dispositivos ópticos y audiovisuales nos encontramos con la representación-narración y la representación-atracción, siendo la televisión ejemplo de esta última, aunque incluya ficciones y otras producciones más propias de la primera. La confusión entre lo que pertenece a una y otra ha llevado mayoritariamente a los escritores españoles a deslegitimar culturalmente dicho medio desde la época del franquismo hasta la actualidad y, por el contrario, a legitimar las ficciones de producción extranjera, por parecerles más próximas a la narrativa y el cine de calidad, instalándose en una perspectiva literariocentrista y cinecentrista que choca con el heterocentriscmo cultural propio de nuestra época.