bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RT-PCR diagnosis of COVID-19 from exhaled breath condensate: a clinical study
Authors: Sawano Makoto , Takeshita Kyousuke , Ohno Hideaki , Oka Hideaki
Published: May 2021

Current diagnostic testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is based on detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in nasopharyngeal swab samples by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). However, this test is associated with increased risks of viral dissemination and environmental contamination and shows relatively low sensitivity, attributable to technical deficiencies in the sampling method. Given that COVID-19 is transmitted via exhaled aerosols and droplets, and that exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is an established modality for sampling exhaled aerosols, detection of SARS-CoV-2 in EBC offers a promising diagnostic approach. However, current knowledge on the detection and load of the virus in EBC collected from COVID-19 patients remains limited and inconsistent. The objective of the study was to quantify the viral load in EBC collected from COVID-19 patients and to validate the feasibility of SARS-CoV-2 detection from EBC as a diagnostic test for the infection. EBC samples were collected from 48 COVID-19 patients using a collection device, and viral loads were quantified by RT-PCR targeting the E gene. Changes in detection rates and viral loads relative to patient characteristics and days since disease onset were statistically evaluated. Need for mechanical ventilation was significantly associated with higher viral load (p < 0.05). Need for oxygen administration or mechanical ventilation, less than 3 d since onset, and presence of cough or fever were significantly associated with higher detection rates (p < 0.05). Among spontaneously breathing patients, viral load in EBC attenuated exponentially over time. The detection rate was 86% at 2 d since onset and deteriorated thereafter. In mechanically ventilated patients, detection rate and viral load were high regardless of days since onset. These results support the feasibility of using RT-PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 from EBC for COVID-19 patients within 2 d of symptom onset.
Heavy metals (Pb, Hg) in blood cockle (Anadara granosa) in Cengkok Waters, Banten Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Dinulislam A , Sulistiono  , Lumbanbatu D T F , Affandi R
Published: May 2021

Blood cockle (Anadara granosa) is one of the biotas which has high economic and ecological value in Cengkok Waters, Banten Bay. Human activities such as settlements, agriculture, fisheries, mining, and industries are seen as main reasons for degrading the aquatic environment and have a negative impact on blood cockles. Pb and Hg from these human activities may pollute the Cengkok Waters and accumulate in the body of blood cockles. This research aims to analyze the content of heavy metals (Pb and Hg) in blood cockles’ meat in Cengkok Waters, Banten Bay. Sampling was carried out monthly, from March to August 2019. Measurement of heavy metal contents was conducted using the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). The result shows that the heavy metal contents (Pb and Hg) are still within the quality standard of Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM, 2018).
The distribution pattern and description of new Sipunculan characteristics in Banda Neira
Authors: Erliani E W , Krisanti M , Wardiatno Y
Published: May 2021

Sipunculans were collected in Banda Neira from October 2019 to February 2020. In this paper, I describe the distribution pattern and characteristics of the Genus Sipunculus (Sipunculus sp. 1, Sipunculus sp. 2), Genus Thysanocardia (Thysanocardia sp. 1, Thysanocardia sp. 2, Thysanocardia sp. 3), and Genus Siphonosoma (Siphonosoma sp. 1). The sampling method was purposive sampling. Two stations were selected as sample locations with squared plot size 60×60 cm, divided into 5 sub-plots, and repeated 3 times. The specimens were dissected, observed, and compared with available morphological literature. The result showed that the distribution pattern of Sipuncula was irregular, the distribution of holes or dwellings at several stations shows a varying distance of 10–30 cm from dwelling to other dwellings around 3 meters. The morphological characteristics of the sipunculan are slightly different, so it is suspected that there are new species in Banda Neira.
Assessment of coral reef health conditions in Juru Seberang Village, Tanjung Pandan District, Belitung Regency-Bangka-Belitung Province
Authors: Idris  , Fakhrurrozi  , Adiwijaya C
Published: May 2021

Belitung has potential coral reefs as many as 244 species and 89 species of reef fish. However, the current condition of coral reefs in Belitung is under high pressure, caused by illegal tin mining activities. For this reason, need studies related to their impact on the health of marine life, especially on coral reefs so that the policy can be reviewed, to see the important role of coral reefs for other marine biotas. The aim of this study is focused on knowing the condition of substrate coverage, diversity, and biomass of target fish as well as assessing the health of coral reefs at the observation site. Data were collected with SCUBA diving equipment at 6 stations, at depth of 5–1 m. Retrieval of basic substrate data is done by the Underwater Photo Transect method and for reef fish using belt transect. The results showed substrate coverage was dominated by hard corals, dead corals, sand, and dead corals with algae. Fleshy seaweed cover ranges from 0.07–4.77%, coral fragment cover ranges from 0–2.6%, target fish biomass value obtained varies between 0.0006–0.0299 kg/ha, and coral reef health index at each observation station ranges from 3 to 6.
Assessment of coral reefs damaged due to MV Pazifik ran aground in the Sape Strait using an aerial photography approach and species distribution modeling
Authors: Idris  , Johan O , Fakhrurrozi  , Widodo M P S , Yusri S , Sianipar O
Published: May 2021

Indonesia as an archipelagic country has a high biodiversity of coral reefs but is very vulnerable to various threats, one of the causes of damage to coral reefs is by ship aground. The damage causes minor injuries to the degradation of the reef structure. The location of the grounding sometimes on the small islands with calm currents, but sometimes in straits with strong currents. However, the assessment must be carried out, so it is necessary to develop an approach to assessing that. The purpose of this study is to assess the damage of coral reefs, to quantify the extent of damage, and identify species of corals affected. The observation used ground truth (underwater photo transect), aerial photography, machine learning, and species distribution modeling. The results obtained from aerial photography show that the MV Pazifik has damage to coral reefs reaching 613.63 m2. Based on the coral genera distribution model, it was found 35–55 genera (control location), while at the ship aground, were found 3–5 genera. Therefore, the control location is a coral reef ecosystem that is dominated by corals, while at the ship aground it can be the habitat for several hard coral genera.
Enhanced fisher job satisfaction and loyalty for sustainable fisheries development in Bengkulu, Indonesia
Authors: Irnad  , Cahyadinata I , Widiono S
Published: May 2021

The increasing of fisher job satisfaction and loyalty is essential factor in fisheries development in Bengkulu, Indonesia. High risk because of climate change badly needs good fishing management and properly government intervention. The purpose of this paper is to determine the key factors of government policy of sustainable livelihood, on which government should focus. An Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) has been employed to the model the implementation factors of enhancing fishers job satisfaction and loyalty as an important prerequisite in sustainable development. There are two essential goal that have high driving force and independent namely: (1) An increasing of the fisher income and (2) the sustainability of fishing business. Then, political Support for Policy Making and Improved fishermen’s economic performance are two element needs must be focus by government of Indonesia in increasing fisher job satisfaction and loyalty. The handicap to do so are a partnership that benefits to all parties and the low quality of fisheries human resources. Finally, there are two government institutions that have essential role are central and provincial government.
Reproductive and larval performance of artificially spawned javaen barb Systomus orphoides from two populations
Authors: Iswantari A , Cahyanti W , Putri F P , Hedianto D A , Prakoso V A , Kristanto A H
Published: May 2021

Indonesian freshwaters are rich in fish biodiversity, one of them is javaen barb. In terms of domestication, it is important to ensure the fish breeding and larval rearing in ex-situ environment. Therefore, studies on artificial spawning are needed to strengthen the information about reproduction of javaen barb in ex-situ environment for domestication and aquaculture purposes. This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive and larval performance in artificially spawned javaen barb within two populations. Broodfish were obtained from West Java (Tasikmalaya and Cianjur population), kept on the fish nets (2×2×1 m) inside the large ponds for two months of adaptation. Broodfish were attached by RFID chips and periodically observed their size and gonad maturity level. Ripen broodfish were artificially spawned. Several reproductive parameters were observed during the experiment, such as egg diameter, fecundity, fertilization rate (FR), hatching rate (HR), and hatching time. Moreover, larval performance was also observed. The results showed that javaen barb successfully spawned with 11 hours of latentcy period. Javaen barb from Tasikmalaya population had a significantly higher fecundity than that of the Cianjur population. Meanwhile, other parameters observed in relation with reproductive and larval performance were not significantly different.
Diversity of riparian plants of black water ecosystem in the Sebangau River of Central Kalimantan Indonesian
Authors: Lukas  , Hastari B , Ardianor  , Gumiri S
Published: May 2021

Riparian vegetation that grows on the bank of the Sebangau river plays an important role in supporting the composition of the biota and the quality of river water. This study aims to investigate the condition of riparian vegetation in the Sebangau river. Sampling was carried out in March 2020 using quadrant methods are with various size 1 × 1 m plots for herb and grass habitus 5 × 5 m for shrub habitus, copses, lianas, and 10 × 10 m plots for tree habitus. The data analyzed were species composition, diversity, and species dominance. The results showed that the plant composition at the study location was characterized by herb and grass habitus where we found 4 families (214 individuals) of grass and herbs, 3 families (135 individuals of shrubs, copses and lianas), and 2 families (282 individuals of tree habitus). The herb and grass habitus were dominated by Hydrilla verticillata species, shrub, copse, and liana habitus were dominated by Pandanus helicopus species, and the dominant species of tree habitus was Shorea balangeran. The low diversity index was found in tree habitus, while for herb and grass habitus and shrubs, shrubs and lianas were classified as moderate diversity.
The growth potential of single-celled marine Chlorophycean microalgae in modified saline karst water culture media
Authors: Mulyawati D , Pratiwi N T M , Widigdo B , Panggabean G T
Published: May 2021

Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. as two common single-celled marine Chlorophycean microalgae were cultivated in modified saline karst water culture media. The survival and growth of those two microalgae were the objectives of this study. There were three different modified nutrients in saline karst water applied for Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. cultivation. The result shows that the highest density of Chlorella sp. was shown on the fourth day, but dropped sharply to the tenth day, and had the potential to increase at the end of the observation. The highest density of Nannochloropsis sp. was reached on the sixth day, then decreased slightly and stabilized, even showing an increase at the end of the observation. Overall, Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. showed different adaptation patterns for survival and growth on modified saline karst water culture media.
Productivity and susceptibility analysis of Indo-Pacific king mackerel in IFMA 711 waters
Authors: Noegroho T , Adrianto L , Sulistiono  , Boer M
Published: May 2021

Indo-Pacific king mackerel has been long fished by traditional and modern fishers. The fish is a catch target species with high economic value in local and export markets. The fishing efforts for the fish have been increasingly intensive. The management for which is still lacking. The concern is, continuous exploitation will make indo-pacific mackerel stock susceptible. The fish condition should be measured based on productivity and susceptibility parameters using productivity susceptibility analysis (PSA). The study aimed to analyze the sustainability of Indo-Pacific king mackerel and other species caught by gillnet and purse seine in IFMA 711 based on productivity and susceptibility scenarios. The study analyzed Indo-Pacific king mackerel and other species, i.e. whitefin wolf-herring, narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, longtail tuna, eastern little tuna, and bigeye scad. The results of the analysis suggest that Indo-Pacific king mackerel and whitefin wolf-herring were of moderate productivity and susceptibility, narrow-barred Spanish mackerel and longtail tuna were of high productivity and low susceptibility, and eastern little tuna and bigeye scad were of low productivity and high susceptibility, putting both at high risk from fishing activities. Also, the data quality of Indo-Pacific king mackerel was moderate, while the data quality of whitefin wolf-herring was the worst. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality and quantity of the data and scientific information on whitefin wolf-hearing in further studies.
Application of loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for detection of Edwarsiella ictaluri on patin (Pangasius sp.) fish
Authors: Novita H , Purwaningsih U , Lusiastuti A M
Published: May 2021

Edwarsiela ictaluri is a potential bacteria as a pathogen causing Enteric Septicemia of Catfish (ESC) and also still a big problem in catfish because it can cause death to 100%. This study aims to develop diagnosis DNA based on molecular using Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification. Method (LAMP). Detection DNA of E. ictaluri bacteria from 9 isolates was extracted at Fish Health Laboratory, in Depok. used four pieces of specific primers from Eip 18 gene of E. ictaluri. DNA amplification, for LAMP reactions without a thermocycler machine, using only an incubator/water bath/oven, at 65°C for 1 hour. The result of detection with LAMP, showed that 8 isolates were positive of E. ictaluri marked by SYBR green I color change from orange to green. While 1 isolate was negatively marked with SYBR Green remain orange. The LAMP results are also verified with PCR using outer primer F3 and B3 which showed positive E. ictaluri. LAMP can detect ESC disease simple, quickly, easily, economically in 1 hour compared by PCR and LAMP method can be used as an alternative diagnostic test for fish diseases, especially in areas with limited laboratory infrastructure.
Spatial assessment of seagrass ecosystem using the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in Teluk Awur, Coastal Water of Jepara
Authors: Riniatsih I , Ambariyanto A , Yudiati E , Redjeki S , Hartati R , R Triaji M J , Siagian H
Published: May 2021

Seagrass ecosystem are highly sensitive to environmental changes. They are also in global decline and under threat from global climate change and a variety of anthropogenic factors. There is now, a spatial assessment method for the monitoring of the seagrass beds is needed, so that changes in seagrass condition can be understood. Typical monitoring approaches have included remote sensing from satellites and unmanned aerial vehicle platform, and ground base ecological survey. The techniques can suffer from temporal and spatial inconsistency, or are very localised making it hard to assess seagrass meadows in a structurer manner. The aim of research was present the technique using a lightweight drone and consumer grade cameras to produce very high spatial resolution mosaics of intertidal site in Teluk Awur, Jepara water, Indonesia. The data collection methodologies followed by digitation method techniques to produce coverage estimates, with ground check at location, with data drone analysis. This result show that digitation method, can show between the observed and classified low coverage seagrass (<25%), to middle coverage seagrass (between 25< and <50%), also can detect other biotic features, like massive coral, macroalgae also the flat sand and coral rubble.
Phytoplankton species potentially Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in Jakarta Bay
Authors: Sidabutar T , Srimariana E S , Wouthuyzen S
Published: May 2021

The occurrence of algal bloom causes problems in many parts of the world, including in tropical Indonesian coastal waters. Harmful algal bloom events in Jakarta Bay have been increased since several years ago and causing massive fish kills which lead to economic losses in local fisheries, a decrease of water quality, and threat to people consuming fish from the bay. Research was conducted in Jakarta Bay in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2015, to study the variability of phytoplankton species that potentially as bloom maker. The samples were taken by 20 μm mesh size plankton net which deployed vertically to a depth of 7 - 10 meter at each station. The results showed that the abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 106 to 108 cells.m−3. The population composed of 27 taxa, mostly belong to diatoms and dinoflagellates. We observed there are nine genera of phytoplankton which potentially as harmful algal bloom species, occurring in Jakarta Bay. Three of them are known as the predominant species of algal bloom in this bay, namely: Skeletonema, Chaetoceros, and Thalassiosira. Besides that, there are some species also playing a role in the tragedy of fish-killing due to oxygen depletion during blooms events in Jakarta Bay.
Distribution of dissolved heavy metals Hg, Pb, Cd, and As in Bojonegara Coastal Waters, Banten Bay
Authors: Surbakti E P , Iswantari A , Effendi H , Sulistiono
Published: May 2021

Heavy metals in the waters come from many sources such as anthropogenic activities and could significantly impact the environment. This study aimed to determine the distribution of dissolved heavy metals of Hg, Pb, Cd, and As in the coastal waters of Bojonegara. Sampling was conducted from October to December 2019 at six stations. Data analysis consisted of distribution of heavy metals, heavy metal correlation with water quality, and comparison of actual heavy metals concentration to heavy metals quality standard concentration. Based on results, the concentrations of Hg, Pb, Cd, and As at six stations were below the detection limit, except Pb in November. The high Pb concentration was found the most in the river area and the concentration getting lower towards the sea. Based on correlation analysis results, heavy metals concentration is influenced by temperature, salinity, pH, and DO. According to Ministerial Decree of Environment No. 51 of 2004 concerning seawater quality standards for biota, the concentration of Hg, Pb, Cd, and As in coastal waters of Bojonegara still in good condition for aquatic life.
Sustainability challenges in developing marine-based adventure tourism in Ambon
Authors: Umarella M R , Baiquni M , Murti S H , Marfai M A
Published: May 2021

There has been growing demands for nature-based tourism involving diverse activities. Marine-based adventure tourism is one of it, which is based on a unique combination of marine biodiversity, scenic beauty, and sea activities such as sea kayaking and diving. The consequences of rapid growth destroy the natural resources because in many cases, any type of tourism industry only focusing on economic development. Sustainable marine-based adventure tourism should balance with many local factors, especially the residents’ socioeconomic activities. The unplanned marine-based adventure tourism development can gradually destroy its natural environmental resources on which it depends, the marine ecosystem. In this paper, the authors describe the possible effects of marine-based-adventure tourism development on natural resources along with solid waste pollution challenges and finally, how the residents are involved in overcoming these sustainability challenges.
A morphometric approach into mackerel (Rastrelliger spp.) diversity in Fisheries Management Area 711 as a management base
Authors: Wardiatno Y , Aziz A , Zairion  , Meilana L , Hakim A A
Published: May 2021

Rastrelliger spp. is a small pelagic fish with important ecological and economic value in Indonesia. Genus Rastrelliger has three species with different distribution patterns, so they have diversity in morphology and populations in several waters. The study aimed to analyze the morphometric diversity of mackerel (Rastrelliger spp.) in Bintan, Bangka, and Ketapang waters (Fisheries Management Area 711) using standard morphometric methods and truss network analysis. 310 samples were collected from all locations based on simple random sampling. The growth pattern of Rastrellliger spp. was negative allometric in each location. The cluster analysis showed that the mackerel populations from Ketapang and Bangka formed one group, while Bintan tended to be different. Based on the discriminant analysis, there are overlapping populations between Ketapang and Bangka. The difference of morphometric characters on mackerel (Rastrelliger spp.) can indicate different species, so there is potential for more than one population or stock in FMA 711.
Thermal and Optical Properties of Oil Palm FFB for Optimum Harvest Window Prediction
Authors: Makky M , Cherie D
Published: May 2021

Best practices in oil palm cultivation to improve efficiency are challenging. Enormous capital has been invested in superior seeds, water and fire management, as well as fertilization. However, heavy loses frequently occurred at the time of harvesting. Oil palm fruits grow in dense bunches, called fresh fruits bunch (FFB), containing mass number of fruits. The fruits ripen non-uniformly and formidable to observe visually. Therefore, untimely harvest is unexceptional. Previous studies suggest that camera-aided observation produce more accurate results for determination of FFB ripenes than visual inspection. However, these techniques prone to environment change such as sunlight. In this study we propose the use of hybrid-camera which can observe the FFB in multispectral-regime. The prototype was able to better identify changes in FFB physical and thermal characteristics upon maturation and ripening. The new approach enables better optimum harvest window prediction for FFB with R2 of 0.8344, while previous study can only obtain R2 of 0.7818. The result provides better harvest practice in oil palm industry to improve the overall efficiency of cultivation.
The Government Support Model on the Development of SMEs in West Sumatera Province. Indonesia
Authors: Rahmi E , Yuzaria D
Published: May 2021

Small and Medium Enterprises is one of the priorities in economic development in Indonesia. West Sumatra has areas with unique creative industries based on livestock production. The development of the creative industry which has high additional value to product prices needs greater attention so that it can grow. The SMEs that are the focus are those based on creative industries, there are culinary SMEs made from beef and poultry products. This study aimed to develop a government support model to determine the factors that influence the development of SMEs, so that the factors that influence the development of SMEs can be identified. The analysis method used was partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings of this study are government policies have a direct influence on the internal factors of SMEs, but do not have a direct effect on SMEs’ performance. More intensive and more focused policies are still needed to improve the performance of SMEs.
Increasing the Competitiveness of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises of Skin Crackers in Padang City West Sumatra Province Indonesia
Authors: Yuzaria D , Rahmi E , Rias M I
Published: May 2021

Innovation is needed by micro, small, and medium enterprises (SMEs) to grow and survive in an increasingly competitive business competition. However, innovation must be adapted to the existing constraints considering the limited number of employees, total assets, total revenue, and the amount of the budget for innovation. Forms of innovation that can be carried out by a business in an effort to increase its competitiveness include business model innovation, marketing, organization, processes and technology, products, services, and supply chains. Human resources is an important factor in improving the performance and innovation of micro, small, and medium enterprises. This study aimed to design an innovation strategy in accordance with the constraints, human resource capabilities and innovation opportunities in an effort to increase competitiveness. The analysis was done by using the structural equation modelling method with partial least square approach. It was proven that human resources play an important role because they greatly affect the success of both overcoming obstacles and the implementation of innovation.
The Design of the Divider Door for the Orange Grading Machine Based on the Diameter and Color Uses Image Processing
Authors: Ifmalinda  , Andasuryani
Published: May 2021

Post-harvest handling will affect the quality of agricultural commodities. One of the main post-harvest activities of orange fruit is grading. Grading is an activity to separate or classify orange fruit based on certain criteria such as size, weight, and color according to the applicable quality standard. This grading activity is important because it will determine the next handling process. Generally, orange grading activities are done manually, this was chosen because the process can be faster, but the manual grading has weakness e.g less efficient and requires more man power. Using the man power in determining product quality are based on experience, guesswork and tend to be subjective because it is in accordance with the perceptions of human being. A grading system and machines that use controls were developed to obtain a more uniform product based on color and size is an alternative to overcome this problem, . Nowadays, the grading process has been developed with an automation system using electronic and mechanical devices so that the results are more effective and accurate. The grading process of orange fruit with a divider door that uses image processing application and a microcontroller will have more precise and objective capability. It will be more profitable than manual grading in the future life. The aim of this research is to design a machine grading system based on the Arduino microcontroller. The grading machine uses an image processing application that reads the diameter value and skin color of the orange, Arduino microcontroller is used to separate oranges based on its quality class using a divider door connected to a stepper motor. The design of the orange grading machine has a size of 1.35 cm × 74 cm and has 4 grading classes, i.e class A, class B, class C and class D. The design of the divider door for the orange grading machine has 2 trapezoid-shaped doors, the length of the first door is 30 cm, the width of the top is 26 cm and the width of the bottom is 10 cm. The length of the second door is 30 cm, the width of the top is 22 cm and the width of the bottom is 10 cm. The percentage of suitability of the results of the grading machine with a dividing door compared to manual grading of oranges is 97%. Image processing error percentage is 14%. The capacity of the orange grading machine model with a dividing doors is 300 items / hour and the efficiency value of the orange grading machine model is 55.66%.
Moisture Sorption Isotherm and Isosteric Heat of Butterfly-pea Flowers (Clitoria ternatea)
Authors: Hawa L C , Efendi M , Ubaidillah  , Razak A A , Wibisono Y
Published: May 2021

Butterfly-pea (Clitoria ternatea) flowers are containing various active compounds such as flavonoids, myricetin, quercetin, flavonols, and anthocyanins which have potential as antioxidants. Dried butterfly-pea flower is often used as an ingredient of herbal tea drinks. The drying procedure for the butterfly-pea flower is important to maintain the shelf-life. However, during the drying process, anthocyanins are easily be degraded before reaching the balance of water content. Therefore, a study focus on moisture sorption isotherm of fresh butterfly-pea flowers is needed. This present study aims to determine the balance of water content and isosteric heat of butterfly-pea flowers using a static gravimetric method. Water activities were conditioned using chemical solutions of KOH, MgCl2, K2CO3, NaCl, KCl, and BaCl2with a water activity range of 0.06-0.90. The hysteresis curve was determined using desorption and adsorption samples with various temperature variations of 30, 40, and 50°C. The isothermal behavior of butterfly-pea flowers was determined based on GAB, BET, Halsey, Oswin, and Peleg models. As a result, the Peleg model was found to be the most suitable model to represent the moisture sorption isotherm of butterfly-pea flowers and based on Brunauer classification including the Type II-sigmoid curve in which has been statistically analyzed using determination coefficient (R2), mean relative modulus (P), and root mean square error (RMSE). The hysteresis curve indicated that the balance of water content of the desorption sample is higher than the adsorption sample on the same water activity level. The net isosteric heat in the desorption and adsorption samples were 48.529 exp (−xe/0.0734) and 53.591 exp (−xe/−0 0797), respectively.
Development of Artificial Neural Network Model for Soil Nitrate Prediction
Authors: Rohman F , Setiawan D , Prasetyatama Y D , Sutiarso L
Published: May 2021

Nitrate is the main form of nitrogen absorbed by plants. Leaching of nitrate can contaminate groundwater. The measurement of soil nitrate with conventional methods is less practical, takes a long time, and requires a lot of costs. Measurement of variables that affect the presence of soil nitrate can be an alternative solution. The application of prediction models is proven to save time and cost. Complexity problems can use the ANN model. This study aims to developed prediction models for soil nitrate use the ANN model. The measurable parameters such as solution volume, soil moisture, and soil electrical conductivity were used as input parameters for the model prediction development. The samples use oven-dry soil that was added nitrate solution with several variations. The measurement of parameters was carried out in three replications. The training and validation of the ANN model resulted in RMSE values of 1, 0840029 and 1, 000646 then R2 values were 0.973 and 0.970. The ANN model can be an alernative to predict soil nitrate at different monitoring volumes.
Organic Matter Sequestration Under Coffee Plantation Based on Slope and Crop Age in Sibarasok Maninjau, West Sumatra Indonesia
Authors: Yasin S , Maira L , Yulnafatmawita
Published: May 2021

Organic matter is one parameter of soil properties which can be used as an indicator of soil physical quality and environmental sustainability. The objective of this research was to determine the amount of OM being sequestered under coffee plantation based on slope and crop age at the top 30 cm soil. The research took place in Sibarasok Maninjau, Agam Regency, West Sumatra Indonesia, on which the coffee plantation has been started since the Dutch colonial (in 1936). Based on the research conducted, it was found that the SOC content on the top 30 cm soil was quite high, it reached 4.44% to 7.39% while on the top 5 cm was 8.37%-12.58%. After being calculated with the bulk density of the soil, the stock of OM on the top 30 cm soil was 244 to 368 Mg/ha. Slope showed significant difference on the SOM content. The soil was dominated by loam texture with coarse (sand + silt) particles was > 76%, therefore, it had high hydraulic conductivity (12.80 cm/h), but low bulk density (0.93 Mg/m3), medium total soil porosity (64.73%), and high aggregate stability (137.81) in average.
Analysis Antioxidant IC50 Liquid Smoke of Cocoa Skin with Several Purification Methods
Authors: Budaraga I K , Putra D P
Published: May 2021

Cocoa skin waste can be used as the raw material for making liquid smoke by pyrolysis. Liquid smoke has a function as the preservative in food. The use of liquid smoke as the preservative must go through several purification processes. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant content of cocoa skin liquid smoke in several purification methods. The purification process uses several methods in purifying liquid smoke, such as distillation, purification with zeolite, purification by active charcoal and the mixture of zeolite and active charcoal. The results of IC50 antioxidant activity of cocoa skin liquid smoke by distillation, purification with zeolite, purification with active charcoal and combined purification between active charcoal and zeolite obtained IC50 values of 217.55 ppm for the distillation method, 164.15 ppm for purification with active charcoal and zeolite, 143.43 ppm for purification with zeolite and 44.05 ppm for purification with active charcoal. Purification with active charcoal is the best treatment and has a very strong category of Antioxidants compared to the other three treatments.
Optimization of the Growth of Pediococcus pentosaceus Strain 2397 in Inhibiting Pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Pato U , Yusuf Y , Fitriani S , Tartila  , Yeni R , Fadillah F , Husnaini L
Published: May 2021

Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a pathogenic bacteria that can cause listeriosis in humans, generally transmitted through food. Various food preservatives have been used to prevent contamination from LM in food; one of them is bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria. The purpose of the present study was to determine the optimum growth conditions for Pediococcus pentosaceus strain 2397 isolated from dadih in inhibiting LM in vitro assay. The supernatant’s antimicrobial activity obtained from Pediococcus pentosaceus strain 2397 against LM was determined using a well diffusion method. The results showed that the supernatants from strain R-55 could inhibit LM’s growth with various inhibition zones. The optimal growth conditions for Pediococcus pentosaceus strain 2397 to perform its antimicrobial activity against LM were at 72 h of incubation time, pH 6.3, and 2, 5% of starter concentration with an inhibition zone of 12, 3 mm.
The Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content, Fiber Content, Color, and Sensory Evaluation of Chicken Meatball with Addition of Pennywort Powder (Centella asiatica L.)
Authors: Melia S , Sukma A , Rakhmadi A , Wati F W , Ani L P
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of pennywort powder fortification (Centellaasiatica L.) on antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, fiber content, and color of chicken meatball. The meat substance had used in this study was taken from egg-post-production chicken in Lubuk Minturun, Padang, and the pennywort powder made from pennywort leaves (Centellaasiatica L.). The experimental method had use 5 treatments 0% (control), 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% pennywort powder fortification. All treatments were conducted with four replications. The result shown utilize Pennywort Powder (Cantellaasiatica L) on post-production-leghorn meatball up to 4% increased antioxidant activity to 71.165%, phenolic content 457.05 mg GAE/Kg and fiber 15.35 %. However, the color pennywort powder decreases the value of L* (50.71-33.40), a* (1.08-(-2.01)) and b* (11.15-10.18). To sum up, chicken meatball with pennywort powder fortification is still favored by consumers.
Investigation of a Proper Sampling Position for Freshness Assessment of Cabbage by Spectrophotometric-Chemo Metric Approach
Authors: Syukri D , Wellyalina  , Nanda R F
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study was to identify the differences of cabbage’s layers based on their responses to the environmental conditions. The differences between layers were observed according to the spectrophotometric evaluation. The three outer layers of a fresh cabbage were separated, sampled and put into extraction tubes. The metabolites inside the each layer were extracted by the mixture of isopropanol and hexane (2:1) and analyzed by a spectrophotometer with a scanning analytical mode from 200 nm to 800 nm. The obtained data were analyzed with a metabolomics statistical software. Based on the statistical results, it can be concluded that each layer of cabbage has a specific profile of metabolites distribution. Each layer has produced different responses to the environment after harvest where the first layer indicated more sensitive to the environmental conditions. Therefore, the selection of the first layer of cabbage is not proper for any evaluation relating to postharvest investigations.
Addition of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Concentration on Lemongrass Extract Ice Cream
Authors: Manurung A M , Ayu D F , Johan V S
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to obtain the best concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the physical quality and organoleptic properties of lemongrass extract ice cream. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which consists of five treatments and three replications. The treatments performed were P1 (addition of 0.5 % CMC), P2 (addition of 0.75% CMC), P3 (addition of 1% CMC), P4 (addition of 1.25% CMC), and P5 (addition of 1.5% CMC) on lemongrass ice cream formulation. Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and then continued with Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at 5% level. The results of the research showed that the addition of CMC concentration significantly affected total solids, overrun, melting rate (minutes/10 g), viscosity, and mouthfeel sensory of the ice cream. The best treatment was P1 (addition of 0.5% CMC) which had 33.46% total solid, 38.51% overrun, 16.56 minutes/10 g melting rate, and 22470.00 cP viscosity. Result of the descriptive test on the ice cream with the addition of 0.5% CMC was soft and panelists liked the ice cream for the mouthfeel parameter.
Characteristics Of Glucose Syrup From Various Sources Of Starch
Authors: Harni M , Putri S K , Gusmalini  , Handayani T D
Published: May 2021

Glucose syrup is a type of sugar that is widely used in the processed food industry, such as the confectionery industry, beverages, and in addition can also be used as raw materials of the pharmaceutical industry and chemical industry. The large use of glucose syrup in the industry demands to review glucose syrup from other sources of starch because each region has different agricultural potential. This research was conducted to see how the properties of other starch sources are then compared to the standard that is from cassava starch so that it can be suggested for the use of other sources of starch.

The program in this study was RAL 5 treatment 3 replays with one treatment as a control. Observation of glucose syrup in accordance with the standard glucose syrup namely SNI (Indonesia’s National Standards) No.01-2978-1992 covers raw material starch content, water content, ash content, and reducing sugar content. Further tests are conducted by way of Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at a real rate of 5%. Based on the results of research that has been done sago starch is the best treatment with the following chemical characteristics: 82, 35% raw material starch level, water content 13, 20%, ash content 0, 3% and glucose syrup content 50, 51%.
Optimization of Production Instant Madura Corn Rice using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Hidayat K , Asfan  , Asfan D F , Anggraini N , Mahpur M
Published: May 2021

Corn commodity in the territory of Indonesia including Madura ranks second after rice. Corn (Zea mays L.) is a food source with a high carbohydrate content. One of Madura’s local corn is Talango corn, which has large cobs and a lower setback value compared to other corn. In various regions in Indonesia corn is used as a staple food instead of rice because there are carbohydrates contained in corn. One of the famous corn preparations in the community is corn rice. Instant corn rice is an instant food product that goes through an instantiation process so that the cooking process will be faster, easier and practical. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of boiling time and calcium hydroxide concentration on the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of instant Madura corn rice and determine the optimum value and the best composition of instant Madura corn rice. The research method used was Response Surface Methodology with 2 factors, i.e boiling time (20; 30; 40; 50; 60) minutes and calcium hydroxide concentration (0; 0.5, 1; 1.5; 2) %. The results showed that the boiling time and calcium hydroxide concentration did not affect the water content, cooking time and sensory. The optimum value with the best composition is based on sensory characteristics at a boiling time of 60 minutes and a calcium hydroxide concentration of 0% (0 grams) with a desirability value of 0.9087.
Species Composition of Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) at Solok Botanical Garden, Solok, West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Amanda A K , Herwina H , Dahelmi  , Janra M N
Published: May 2021

The research about species composition of butterflies at Solok Botanical Garden, Solok, West Sumatera had been conducted from June-July 2020, by surveying three types of habitat; pine woods, rubber plantation and bushes. Specimen collection was conducted by walking along the paths within the surveyed habitats and butterflies were caught using insect net. A total 43 species from 24 genera and four families were collected. Nymphalidae identified as family with the highest species number (29 species), followed by Pieridae (six species), Papilionidae and Lycaenidae (four species each). Neptis hylas, with 11 individuals, was recorded with most individual number. About 14 species were recorded exclusively at pine woods, 11 typical species captured at bushes while only three typical species observed at rubber plantation.
Ant Diversity in Campus Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, West Sumatra
Authors: Okanti J R , Herwina H , Satria R
Published: May 2021

Measuring biodiversity of ants in urban area is an essential part in management concept of invasive and tramp species. The aim of this study was to investigate ground-dwelling ant species diversity in the campus of Universitas Negeri Padang. Honey baited trap was applied to collect ants at two sites in this area. A total 11 species of ants belonging to 9 genera, 3 subfamilies were identified in the main campus of Universitas Negeri Padang. The highest diversity was by the subfamily Myrmicinae (with four genera, Monomorium, Pheidole, Solenopsis, Tetramorium), and followed by Formicinae (three genera, Nylanderia, Oecophylla, Paratrechina), and Dolichoderinae (two genera, Dolichoderus, Tapinoma). The location of campus Universitas Negeri Padang which is near the coastline and in the center of the city, have affected the biodiversity of ants. In the present study, invasive and tramp species were recorded in this area.
Study of the process-induced cell damage in forced extrusion bioprinting
Authors: Han Seungsu , Kim Chul Min , Jin Songwan , Kim Taig Young
Published: May 2021

With remarkable developments in technologies, the possibility of replacing injured tissue or organs with artificial ones via three-dimensional bioprinting is being improved. The basic prerequisite for successful application of bioprinting is high cell survival following printing. In this study, numerical calculations and experiments were performed to understand cell damage process incurred by forced extrusion bioprinters. Compressible and shear stresses were presumed to play a pivotal role within the syringe and needle, respectively, based on numerical calculation. To verify the numerical results, two experiments—pressurization in a clogged syringe and extrusion through syringe-needle—were conducted, and the damaged cell ratio (DCR) were measured by live/dead assays. Shear stress of needle flow had a great influence on DCR of discharged bioink, whereas effect of compressible stress in clogged syringe was relatively small. Cell damage in the needle flow is affected by moving distance under load as well as magnitude of shear stress. Applying this concept the differential equation of DCR growing was established, similar to the historied logistic equation for population dynamics, and the mathematical formula to predict DCR was explicitly represented splendidly as a function of only one independent variable, pressure work. The proposed formula was able to effectively predict DCR measurements for 43 bioprinting conditions, and the exactness confirmed the hypothesis for the theory. The presence of safe core zone, which may be related to the critical shear stress and stressed duration on cells, was theoretically conjectured from the DCR measurements, and further studies are necessary for an extensive and profound understanding. Fast printing is required for efficiency of a bio-structure fabrication; however, the higher shear stress accompanying increased operating pressure to speed up bioink discharge rate causes more cell damage. Employing the accurate formula presented, the optimal bioprinting conditions can be designed with ensuring targeted cell viability.
Gold nanoparticles-decorated paper-based sensor for rapid cyanide detection in water
Authors: Budlayan Marco Laurence , Lagare-Oracion Jeanne Phyre , Dela Rosa Lyka , Rodriguez Mikee Joy , Manigo Jonathan , Alguno Arnold , Austria Eleanor , Arco Susan , Patricio Jonathan , Deocaris Custer , Basilia Blessie , Capangpangan Rey
Published: May 2021

In this study, a versatile sensing platform based on a commercially available filter paper for the development of a colorimetric sensor using label-free gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the detection of cyanide in water is presented. The developed sensor can be applied for the direct detection of cyanide from an aqueous sample efficiently in a wide concentration range. The synthesised AuNPs were found to have an average size of about 13.2 ± 2.65 nm with a surface plasmon resonance peak at around 525 nm. Successful integration of AuNPs on the WFP substrate was observed through the FESEM-EDX analysis and supported by the presence of an absorbance peak at about 528 nm on the spectrum of the WFP-AuNPs composite. The colour of the WFP-AuNPs composite changed from purple-red to white in the presence of cyanide. Using the paper-based sensor, the limit of detection is calculated to be 7.68 × 10−6 M (0.5 ppm). The said sensitivity is good enough for the determination of cyanide in industrial wastewater samples. The developed sensor also showed excellent selectivity towards cyanide over other ions, demonstrating its practical applicability to monitor cyanide contamination in different environmental samples. Furthermore, the applicability of the sensor was demonstrated using several real water samples spiked with cyanide, including creek and tap water. Notably, the sensor showed great promise for the rapid, cost-effective, and versatile monitoring of cyanide contamination in various aqueous samples.