bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oximetry and neonatal examination for the detection of critical congenital heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aranguren Bello Hernán Camilo , Londoño Trujillo Dario , Troncoso Moreno Gloria Amparo , Dominguez Torres Maria Teresa , Taborda Restrepo Alejandra , Fonseca Alejandra , Sandoval Reyes Nestor , Chamorro Cindy Lorena , Dennis Verano Rodolfo José
Published: March 2019

Background: Undiagnosed congenital heart disease in the prenatal stage can occur in approximately 5 to 15 out of 1000 live births; more than a quarter of these will have critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). Late postnatal diagnosis is associated with a worse prognosis during childhood, and there is evidence that a standardized measurement of oxygen saturation in the newborn by cutaneous oximetry is an optimal method for the detection of CCHD. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis comparing the operational characteristics of oximetry and physical examination for the detection of CCHD.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted on the following databases including published studies between 2002 and 2017, with no language restrictions: Pubmed, Science Direct, Ovid, Scopus and EBSCO, with the following keywords: oximetry screening, critical congenital heart disease, newborn OR oximetry screening heart defects, congenital, specificity, sensitivity, physical examination.

Results: A total of 419 articles were found, from which 69 were selected based on their titles and abstracts. After quality assessment, five articles were chosen for extraction of data according to inclusion criteria; data were analyzed on a sample of 404,735 newborns in the five included studies. The following values were found, corresponding to the operational characteristics of oximetry in combination with the physical examination: sensitivity: 0.92 (CI 95%, 0.87-0.95), specificity: 0.98 (CI 95%, 0.89-1.00), for physical examination alone sensitivity: 0.53 (CI 95%, 0.28-0.78) and specificity: 0.99 (CI 95%, 0.97-1.00).

Conclusions: Evidence found in different articles suggests that pulse oximetry in addition to neonatal physical examination presents optimal operative characteristics that make it an adequate screening test for detection of CCHD in newborns, above all this is essential in low and middle-income settings where technology medical support is not entirely available.
Things We Do for No Reason: The Use of Thickened Liquids in Treating Hospitalized Adult Patients with Dysphagia
Authors: Lippert William C , Chadha Romil , Sweigart Joseph R
Published: March 2019

The “Things We Do for No Reason” (TWDFNR) series reviews practices that have become common parts of hospital care but may provide little value to our patients. Practices reviewed in the TWDFNR series do not represent “black and white” conclusions or clinical practice standards but are meant as a starting place for research and active discussions among hospitalists and patients. We invite you to be part of that discussion.
Contemporary Rates of Preoperative Cardiac Testing Prior to Inpatient Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Ellenbogen Michael I , Brotman Daniel J , Prichett Laura , Li Ximin , Feldman Leonard S
Published: March 2019

Hip fracture is a common reason for urgent inpatient surgery. In the past few years, several professional societies have identified preoperative echocardiography and stress testing for noncardiac surgeries as low‐value diagnostics. We utilized data on hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of hip fracture surgery between 2011 and 2015 from the State Inpatient Databases (SID) of Maryland, New Jersey, and Washington, combined with data on hospital characteristics from the American Hospital Association (AHA). We found that the rate of preoperative ischemic testing is surprisingly but encouragingly low (stress tests 1.1% and cardiac catheterizations 0.5%), which is consistent with studies evaluating the outpatient utilization of these tests for low‐ and intermediate‐risk surgeries. The rate of echocardiograms was 12.6%, which was higher than other published reports. Our findings emphasize the importance of ensuring that quality improvement efforts are directed toward areas where quality improvement is, in fact, needed.
BALANCE DE MUERTES VIOLENTAS OCURRIDAS EN EL CONTEXTO DE LA CONFLICTIVIDAD POLÍTICA EN VENEZUELA DURANTE ABRIL-JULIO DE 2017
Authors: Ávila Keymer , Gan Natalia
Published: March 2019

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un balance general de las muertes ocurridas durante la conflictividad política en Venezuela entre abril y julio de 2017. Se comienza con un análisis del contexto político y social, en el cual se refleja la crisis institucional que generó la ola de protestas. A continuación, se ofrece una serie de consideraciones conceptuales sobre el uso excesivo de la fuerza, a la vez que se da cuenta de la obligación que tienen los funcionarios de seguridad de asegurar el derecho a la vida y a la manifestación pacífica, razones por las cuales deben utilizar la fuerza de manera legal y proporcional. Luego, se explica la base normativa nacional sobre control de manifestaciones, donde se especifican los principios que los funcionarios deben respetar. Además, se expone la distribución de competencias entre los distintos cuerpos de seguridad venezolanos en cuanto a control de manifestaciones. Se continúa con la presentación de una caracterización de las muertes ocurridas entre el 6 de abril y el 27 de julio con base en los registros publicados por el Ministerio Público, incluyendo en el análisis variables de lugar, fecha, tipo de medio empleado, así como perfiles de víctimas y de victimarios. Por último, se ofrecen unas reflexiones finales con miras a establecer algunas recomendaciones ante el difícil contexto que se vislumbra en el futuro inmediato.
CONFLICTOS SOCIO-AMBIENTALES Y CULTIVO DEL BANANO. ESTUDIO DE LA REGIÓN ATLÁNTICO/CARIBE DE COSTA RICA, 1950-2017
Authors: Blanco Obando Edgar Eduardo
Published: March 2019

A partir del análisis longitudinal del metabolismo social, el estudio de la teoría de la conflictividad socio-ambiental y una amplia revisión de documentos técnicos, científicos y estadísticos, el artículo muestra cómo entre 1950 y el 2017 la producción bananera en la región Atlántico/Caribe de Costa Rica provocó el surgimiento de conflictos socio-ambientales, al excretar residuos de plaguicidas que contaminaron el ambiente, excluir a la población local de la explotación de la naturaleza y dañar severamente la salud pública. Este actuar de la empresa bananera fue interpretado por la población local como un atentado contra su subsistencia, lo que provocó su movilización para exigir al Estado el control del impacto ambiental del monocultivo.
Bacterial endocarditis in children: clinical and laboratory findings, and the role of echocardiography in its diagnosis and management
Authors: Sastroasmoro Sudigdo , Madiyono Bambang , Oesman Ismet N. , Putra Sukman Tulus
Published: March 2019

We report clinical and laboralory findings of 15 children with bacterial endocarditis, admitted ro the Department of Child Health, University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from February, 198710 June, 1989.There were 8 boys and 7 girls with bacterial endocarditis, ranging in age from 10 weeks 10 16 years. The diagnosis was suspected because of prolonged fever, with or without other manifestations, i.e. congestive heart failure, refractory anemia, or paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. The underlying heart disease was congenital in 12 cases and rheumatic heart disease in 3 cases.The clinical, electrocardiographic, and radiologic manifestations were generally predominated by the pre-existing heart disease. No characteristic findings of bacterial endocarditis, i.e. Osler's nodes, Janeway lesions or splinter haemorrhages were detected.Positive bacterial culture was obtained in 12 cases; the most frequent bacteria isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4 cases), Streptococcus viridans was isolated in 2 cases only.Vegetation was visualized echocardiographically in 12 cases; 9 with clear cut evidence of large vegetation, and the other 3 the vegetation was equivocal. On follow-up they disappeared gradually with clinical improvemenl. Large vegetation might need 2 full months 10 disappear echocardiographically.
GERAK TANGAN SEBAGAI ISYARAT DALAM MASYARAKAT JEPANG DAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA
Authors: Ratna Maharani Patria
Published: March 2019

Abstract  This article describes phenomenon of similarities and differences gestures which have similarities and differences in the interpretation of the meaning of Japan society and Indonesia society. In Japan society and Indonesia society, equations of motion cues with similar meaning indicating similarities mindsets. In contrast, differences in gestures with different meanings show different mindset. This paper also describes some cases phenomenon of gesture interpretation misunderstandings caused by cultural differences between speaker and listener. To learn a language, is to learn the culture contained therein  Keywords: gestures, mindsets, society, culture, phenomenon
MANIFESTASI HEROISME DALAM TRADISI JEPANG DAN JAWA Persamaan dan Perbedaan Dongeng Momotarō dan Epos Bharatayuda
Authors: Noviana Fajria
Published: March 2019

Abstract This comparative study was conducted to find out how heroism in Japanese and Javanese traditions is manifested into two literary works representing those traditions:  Momotarō and Bharatayuda. This study is also aimed to find out the similarities of heroism manifestation in the two traditions. The reason for conducting this study is from the assumption that heroism is a universal concept. Therefore, such heroisms have similarities although they may come from different traditional backgrounds. Structural analysis and binary opposition were used in this study. The structural analysis was used to obtain the data on traditional background of the areas and the actions done by the main characters, while binary opposition was used to obtain the data on the main characters’ heroic actions which were then concluded as the heroic manifestation. The result shows that the heroismmanifestation in Japanese and Javanese traditions has the following things in common: 1) conquering enemies, 2) protecting the members of the group, 3) keeping promise, 4) recompense, and 5) acting ethically. The result of this study can also prove the truth of the assumption.  Key words: heroism, heroic actions, Japanese and Javanese traditions
Adam Fijałkowski, Tradycja i nowatorstwo w Orbis sensualizm pictus Jana Amosa Komeńskiego, Warszawa 2012, Wydawnictwo UW, ss. 410
Authors: Poznański Karol
Published: March 2019

.
Geneza i rozwój szkolnego ustawodawstwa Kościoła w epoce średniowiecza (rekonesans)
Authors: Ratajczak Krzysztof
Published: March 2019

The aim of the article is to present the beginnings and the subsequent development and evolution of church law in the sphere of education from the 4th to the beginning of the 16th century. The roots of the acts of law presented by the Popes, synods and councils were based on the traditions of Roman law, but a variety of reasons from the field of policy, economy and society led to the need to establish a church school system. The aim of the Church was to create an independent school system with its own purposes, different from civil schools. The article shows the main factors in the development of the legislation in the sphere of education and the functioning of the schools, and the relationship between civil and Church leaders. Another field of analysis is to search for the inspirations, aims and reception of the law in cathedral, collegiate, parish and monastic schools.
Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole by Electrochemically Activated Persulfate Using Iron Anode
Authors: Zheng Lei , Jin Hui , Yu Men , Zhongwei Qi , Zhang Lingling , Shikun Cheng , Li Zifu
Published: March 2019

In this study, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was removed by electrochemically activated persulfate using iron anode. Different oxidation processes (persulfate alone, Fe2+/persulfate, electrolysis alone, electrochemically/Persulfate) were investigated, the results showed SMX could be more efficiently degraded under the electrochemically/Persulfate system. Central composite design (CCD) based Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize and elucidate the individual and interactive effects of independent variables on the degradation kinetics of sulfamethoxazole. The maximum kinetics was predicted by CCD as pH 3.6, 18 mA applied current and 3.55 mM/L persulfate concentration. The results of free-radical scavenging experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) indicated that both
{\text{SO}}_4^{ \cdot - } and HO· were responsible for the degradation of SMX. The inhibition of methanol (MeOH) was lower than tertiary butanol (TBA), due to the generation of methanol radical (·CH2OH), which promoted the reduction of Fe3+to Fe2+. LC-ESI-TOF-MS analysis was done on SMX and its intermediates. The SMX degradation pathway during the electrochemical treatment was proposed. In addition, two typical inorganic anions (
{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - },{\text{HCO}}_3^ -) were investigated and the inhibitory effect of
{\text{HC}}O_3^ - was more obvious.
Die Partizipation der Ressource Mitglied in gemeinwesenorientierten Genossenschaften
Authors: Jensen-Auverman Tessa , Adams Isabel , Doluschitz Reiner
Published: March 2019

Heutzutage werden Genossenschaften (e.G.) als geeignete Organisationsform von menschgetragenen Bewegungen wahrgenommen, was u. a. in Form der gestiegenen e.G. Gründungen im Gemeinwesen deutlich wird. Verglichen mit e.G. in klassischen Sparten sind diese e.G. überwiegend von heterogenen Mitgliederstrukturen gekennzeichnet. Heterogenität hat Vorteile und wird als Ressource betrachtet. Im Sommer 2017 wurde in gemeinwesenorientierten e.G. eine quantitative Onlinebefragung von Organvertretern und Mitgliedern durchgeführt. Die operative Voraussetzung, um Wissen und Fähigkeiten der Ressource Mitglied in die e.G. einbinden zu können, ist gegeben. Jedoch kann nicht bestätigt werden, dass das partizipierende Mitglied als potentielle Ressource verstanden wird.
Furosemide–Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Interactions in Aqueous Dimethylsulfoxide Solutions: Physico–Chemical Studies
Authors: Kaushal Deepika , Rana Dilbag S. , Kumar Manish , Singh Kailash , Singh Kuldeep , Chauhan Suvarcha , Umar Ahmad
Published: March 2019

Interaction of a cardiovascular drug, Furosemide with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has been studied in aqueous solutions of Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) with the help of density, speed of sound and conductivity measurements over a range of temperatures 293.15–313.15 K at interval of 5 K. The interaction parameters viz. apparent molar volume, Vϕ
and apparent molar isentropic compression, κs

,

ϕ
have been enumerated from density and speed of sound data. Also, variation in the micellization behavior has been explored by calculating critical micelle concentration, CMC. It has been observed that micellization tendency of the surfactant decreases in the presence of DMSO as compared to pure aqueous system. Moreover, the CMC values shift toward lower concentration with increase in Furosemide content because of increase in hydrophobic hydration which may be to hydrophobicity of drug molecule. The dependence of CMC in mole fraction (Xcmc
) values on the temperature has been analyzed in terms of thermodynamics of the system by reporting the standard thermodynamic parameters i.e. standard Gibb’s free energy

(
Δ

G
m
o

)
,

$(\Delta G_m^o),$

enthalpy

(
Δ

H
m
o

)

$(\Delta H_m^o)$

and entropy

(
Δ

S
m
o

)

$(\Delta S_m^o)$

of micellization for CTAB in mixed solvent systems. The entropies of micellization are all positive, and they compensate the enthalpies of the process. Compensation temperature, Tc has also been evaluated from enthalpy–entropy compensation whose values lies in Lumrys range (270–300 K).
Usefulness Criterion and Post-selection Parental Contributions in Multi-parental Crosses: Application to Polygenic Trait Introgression
Authors: Allier Antoine , Moreau Laurence , Charcosset Alain , Teyssèdre Simon , Lehermeier Christina
Published: March 2019

Predicting the usefulness of crosses in terms of expected genetic gain and genetic diversity is of interest to secure performance in the progeny and to maintain long-term genetic gain in plant breeding. A wide range of crossing schemes are possible including large biparental crosses, backcrosses, four-way crosses, and synthetic populations. In silico progeny simulations together with genome-based prediction of quantitative traits can be used to guide mating decisions. However, the large number of multi-parental combinations can hinder the use of simulations in practice. Analytical solutions have been proposed recently to predict the distribution of a quantitative trait in the progeny of biparental crosses using information of recombination frequency and linkage disequilibrium between loci. Here, we extend this approach to obtain the progeny distribution of more complex crosses including two to four parents. Considering agronomic traits and parental genome contribution as jointly multivariate normally distributed traits, the usefulness criterion parental contribution (UCPC) enables to (i) evaluate the expected genetic gain for agronomic traits, and at the same time (ii) evaluate parental genome contributions to the selected fraction of progeny. We validate and illustrate UCPC in the context of multiple allele introgression from a donor into one or several elite recipients in maize (Zea mays L.). Recommendations regarding the interest of two-way, three-way, and backcrosses were derived depending on the donor performance. We believe that the computationally efficient UCPC approach can be useful for mate selection and allocation in many plant and animal breeding contexts.
Instituciones internacionales: políticas y problemas en la protección internacional de los desplazados internos colombianos
Authors: FLORO LEMOS José Késsio , QUEIROGA SILVA Fernanda , SILVA DE FREITAS Jeane , MAIELO SILVA Ana Paula
Published: March 2019

Este artículo analiza la protección internacional de los derechos humanos, en el campo de actuación de las Instituciones Internacionales, teniendo como base un estudio de caso que objetiva identificar las políticas y los obstáculos relacionados a la protección de los desplazados internos en Colombia. De este modo, este estudio se orienta por la pregunta, a saber: ¿cuáles son las políticas y los problemas relativos a la protección internacional de los desplazados internos colombianos? Se parte de la premisa de que la ola de conflictos intraestatales, que emergió en Colombia acentuó el cuadro de complejidad y persistencia de la migración forzada, configurada, en particular, por el flujo del desplazamiento interno. En ese contexto, concluimos que la actuación de las instituciones internacionales en la protección internacional a los desplazados internos en Colombia es limitada y presenta muchas fallas, teniendo en vista que el ACNUR aún no ha logrado desarrollar una coordinación más consistente y porque las agencias humanitarias no poseen una planificación y recursos suficientes para cubrir el plan de acción para las asistencias a los desplazados internos.
Upon Experience (Some Views)
Authors: Ivanova Svetlana V.
Published: March 2019

The review was prepared in the framework of the problem of experience discussion at the initial stage of the scientific and pedagogical research related to the didactic conditions of learners’ experience. In the modern world it is important to consider experience as a multidimensional, complex phenomenon of a person’s mental life from the viewpoint of psychological science; to study experience as a phenomenon of social life; as a phenomenon and as a factor in the economy in the sense of productive activity. For carrying out pedagogical research, it is necessary to foreground the views on experience in the history of science, and this, of course, it should be carried out in a historical and philosophical context. Interpreting experience in the philosophy of the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, the author notes the lesser attention of philosophers to the concept of experience and to the almost unlimited power of experience in a postmodern view of the world. One of the objectives of the discussion is to review how the ideas of experience developed in the prospective that is necessary for the study. The main conclusions about the understanding of experience in philosophy are presented.
Developing Prediction Models for 30-Day Unplanned Readmission Among Children With Medical Complexity
Authors: Leary Jana C. , Price Lori Lyn , Scott Cassandra E.R. , Kent David , Wong John B. , Freund Karen M.
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES:

To target interventions to prevent readmission, we sought to develop clinical prediction models for 30-day readmission among children with complex chronic conditions (CCCs).

METHODS:

After extracting sociodemographic and clinical characteristics from electronic health records for children with CCCs admitted to an academic medical center, we constructed a multivariable logistic regression model to predict readmission from characteristics obtainable at admission and then a second model adding hospitalization and discharge variables to the first model. We assessed model performance using c-statistic and calibration curves and internal validation using bootstrapping. We then created readmission risk scoring systems from final model β-coefficients.

RESULTS:

Of the 2296 index admissions involving children with CCCs, 188 (8.2%) had unplanned 30-day readmissions. The model with admission characteristics included previous admissions, previous emergency department visits, number of CCC categories, and medical versus surgical admission (c-statistic 0.65). The model with hospitalization and discharge factors added discharge disposition, length of stay, and weekday discharge to the admission variables (c-statistic 0.67). Bootstrap samples had similar c-statistics, and slopes did not suggest significant overfitting for either model. Readmission risk was 3.6% to 4.9% in the lowest risk quartile versus 15.9% to 17.6% in the highest risk quartile (or 3.6–4.5 times higher) for both models.

CONCLUSIONS:

Clinical variables related to the degree of medical complexity and illness severity can stratify children with CCCs into groups with clinically meaningful differences in the risk of readmission. Future research will explore whether these models can be used to target interventions and resources aimed at decreasing readmissions.
A Clinical Pathway for the Care of Critically Ill Patients With Asthma in the Community Hospital Setting
Authors: Smith Alla , Banville Debra , Gruver E. James , Lenox Jesslyn , Melvin Patrice , Waltzman Mark
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES:

The management of severe pediatric asthma exacerbations is variable. The use of clinical pathways has been shown to decrease time to clinical recovery and length of stay (LOS) for critically ill patients with asthma in freestanding children’s hospitals. We sought to determine if implementing a clinical pathway for pediatric patients who are on continuous albuterol in a community hospital would decrease time to clinical recovery and LOS.

METHODS:

A clinical pathway for guiding the initiation, escalation, and weaning of critical asthma therapies was adapted to a community hospital without a PICU. There were 2 years of baseline data collection (from September 2014 to August 2016) and 16 months of intervention data collection. Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series was used to evaluate the pathway’s impact on LOS and time to clinical recovery.

RESULTS:

There were 129 patients in the study, including 69 in the baseline group and 60 in the intervention group. After pathway implementation, there was an absolute reduction of 10.2 hours (SD 2.0 hours) in time to clinical recovery (P ≤ .001). There was no significant effect on LOS. There was a significant reduction in the transfer rate (27.5% of patients in the baseline period versus 11.7% of patients in the intervention period; P = .025). There was no increase in key adverse events, which included the percentage of patients who required ICU-specific therapies while awaiting transfer (7.3% of patients in the baseline period versus 1.7% of patients in the intervention period; P = .215).

CONCLUSIONS:

The implementation of a clinical pathway for the management of critically ill children with asthma and on continuous albuterol in a community hospital was associated with a significant reduction in time to clinical recovery without an increase in key adverse events.
Developing a Clinical Pathway for Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders in Pediatric Hospital Settings
Authors: Ibeziako Patricia , Brahmbhatt Khyati , Chapman Andrea , De Souza Claire , Giles Lisa , Gooden Shanti , Latif Finza , Malas Nasuh , Namerow Lisa , Russell Ruth , Steinbuchel Petra , Pao Maryland , Plioplys Sigita
Published: March 2019

Somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRDs) are commonly encountered in pediatric hospital settings. There is, however, a lack of standardization of care across institutions for youth with these disorders. These patients are diagnostically and psychosocially complex, posing significant challenges for medical and behavioral health care providers. SSRDs are associated with significant health care use, cost to families and hospitals, and risk for iatrogenic interventions and missed diagnoses. With sponsorship from the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and input from multidisciplinary stakeholders, we describe the first attempt to develop a clinical pathway and standardize the care of patients with SSRDs in pediatric hospital settings by a working group of pediatric consultation-liaison psychiatrists from multiple institutions across North America. The authors of the SSRD clinical pathway outline 5 key steps from admission to discharge and include practical, evidence-informed approaches to the assessment and management of children and adolescents who are medically hospitalized with SSRDs.
Historical Perspectives: Telemedicine in Neonatology
Authors: Hoffman Amber M. , Lapcharoensap Wannasiri , Huynh Trang , Lund Kelli
Published: March 2019

Telemedicine is fast becoming integrated into health care as a way to increase access for patients, particularly across the urban/rural divide. Use of telemedicine in neonatology is a newer, yet rapidly expanding modality. This review outlines the history of telemedicine, the evolution of its current uses in neonatology, requirements for starting a telemedicine program, and potential future uses.
Predicting Postoperative Physiologic Decline After Surgery
Authors: Berry Jay G. , Johnson Connor , Crofton Charis , Staffa Steven J. , DiTillio Maura , Leahy Izabela , Salem Joseph , Rangel Shawn J. , Singer Sara J. , Ferrari Lynne
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND:

Projecting postoperative recovery in pediatric surgical patients is challenging. We assessed how the patients’ number of complex chronic conditions (CCCs) and chronic medications interacted with active health issues to influence the likelihood of postoperative physiologic decline (PoPD).

METHODS:

A prospective study of 3295 patients undergoing elective surgery at a freestanding children’s hospital. During preoperative clinical evaluation, active health problems, CCCs, and medications were documented. PoPD (compromise of cardiovascular, respiratory, and/or neurologic systems) was measured prospectively every 4 hours by inpatient nurses. PoPD odds were estimated with multivariable logistic regression. Classification and regression tree analysis distinguished children with the highest and lowest likelihood of PoPD.

RESULTS:

Median age at surgery was 8 years (interquartile range: 2–15); 2336 (70.9%) patients had a CCC; and 241 (7.3%) used ≥11 home medications. During preoperative evaluation, 1556 (47.2%) patients had ≥1 active health problem. After surgery, 882 (26.8%) experienced PoPD. The adjusted odds of PoPD were 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–1.4) for presence versus absence of an active health problem; 1.4 (95% CI: 1.0–1.9) for ≥11 vs 0 home medications; and 2.2 (95% CI: 1.7–2.9) for ≥3 vs 0 CCCs. In classification and regression tree analysis, the lowest rate of PoPD (8.6%) occurred in children without an active health problem at the preoperative evaluation; the highest rate (57.2%) occurred in children with a CCC who used ≥11 home medications.

CONCLUSIONS:

Greater than 1 in 4 pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery experienced PoPD. Combinations of active health problems at preoperative evaluation, polypharmacy, and multimorbidity distinguished patients with a low versus high risk of PoPD.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DRG SYSTEM FOR TURKEY
Authors: CAPAR Hasim
Published: March 2019

Since the number and amount of health services tried to be given in health institutions cannot be measured, it cannot be charged as the remuneration of services in other sectors. For this reason, health services should be evaluated, coded, and grouped on the basis of disease, and should be charged within the framework of these codes and groupings. . In the light of all these evaluations, the aim of this study is to provide a fair and quality distribution of the health services provided to the community, to provide a fair reimbursement system to the health service providers in return for the health services provided and to provide the maximum quality, the least cost of the health services provided and the reimbursement in health institutions. Diagnose Related Groups (DRGs) system. One of the most important issues in the DRGs system is the process of determining costs clearly, accurately, objectively and up-to-date. This process should be determined not only by hospitals but by the participation of all stakeholders in health services.
Penerapan Ekstrak Putri Malu (Mimosa pudica L.) sebagai Penghambat Melanosis pada Udang selama Penyimpanan Dingin
Authors: Jannah Nabila Tsarwatul , Agustini Tri Winarni , Anggo Apri Dwi
Published: March 2019

Salah satu masalah pada mutu udang selama penanganan adalah munculnya melanosis. Melanosis merupakan bercak hitam yang timbul akibat aktivitas enzim PPO (polifenoloksidase). Tanaman putri malu (Mimosa pudica L.) memiliki senyawa bioaktif yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antioksidan seperti flavonoid, fenol dan tanin.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas  dan konsentrasi terbaik ekstrak tanaman putri malu (Mimosa pudica L.) dalam proses enzimatis (melanosis) pada udang selama penyimpanan dingin.  Konsentrasi yang digunakan adalah 0%, 3%, 5% dan 7% dengan penyimpanan selama 10 hari dan pengujian  dilakukan setiap 2 hari (hari ke 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 dan 10). Paramater pengujian yang diamati adalah uji melanosis secara visual, TBA, TVBN, sensori dan pH. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah RAL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak tanaman putri malu memberikan pengaruh nyata dalam mempertahankan mutu udang dari terjadinya reaksi melanosis hingga hari ke-6. Konsentrasi terbaik adalah konsentrasi 7% yang dapat mempertahankan mutu udang hingga hari ke-6 karena konsentrasi 7% memiliki nilai hasil uji melanosis, TBA, TVBN, dan pH yang terendah serta nilai sensori tertinggi.
Characteristics of Solid Waste Agar Industries
Authors: Munifah Ifah , Irianto Hari Eko
Published: March 2019

Agar processed from red seaweed Gracilaria sp. in Indonesia can be found in the form of sheet and powder. The abundance of cellulose in agar solid waste can be used as an alternative source of carbon for microorganism growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the component of agar solid waste and to characterize the cellulose. The agar solid waste (limbah industri agar-agar, LIA) was undergone physical separation process into agar, fiber cellulose, and celite. The result showed that agar solid waste consisted of 53.53% fiber; 37.33% agar and 8.60% celite. LIA was characterized for its components including ash, lignin, extractive substances, cellulose, hemicellulose, and holocellulose using Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Method (TAPPI). The TAPPI analysis revealed that solid waste generated from seaweed Gracilaria sp processing had 28.19% cellulose, 38.83% holocellulosa, 10.63% hemicellulose, 8.27% ash, 3.54% insoluble acid ash, 11.23% water, and 1.62% extractives substances. The lignin content of the solid waste was low (2.08%), therefore it has potential to be utilized as biomass (bio fertilizer, alternative carbon source). The components in solid waste of agar was determined using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). The LIA sample had high content of celite indicated by the absorption peak which appears at wave length 2343.45 cm-1 for the -Si-H bond and at the wave length 772.99 cm-1 for the bond -Si- O-. Infra-red spectra showed that celite still exist in solid waste of agar. The study indicated that there was still a large amount of cellulose in the solid waste of agar. Keywords: solid waste, cellulose, agar, lignin, celite
Metabolite Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Caulerpa racemosa with Different Handlings
Authors: Sihono Sihono , Tarman Kustiariyah , Madduppa Hawis , Januar Hedi Indra
Published: March 2019

Metabolite profiles and antioxidant activity of Caulerpa racemosa extract with different handlings were investigated. Three different handlings during transportation were applied, namely samples chilled with ice, stored in liquid nitrogen and soaked in seawater. The different handling significantly affected the yield of ethanolic crude extracts and inorganic fractions but insignificantly to organic fractions. Different handlings resulted in differences of major fractions of C. racemosa extracts. Major fractions of the sample that was handled with chilling temperature contained low polar fractions (K10, K11, K12, and K13), while seawater handling extract contained very polar (K1, K2 and K3), polar (K6, K7, and K8) and low polar (K13) fractions. The extract of the sample handled in liquid nitrogen contained balanced fractions. Chilling temperature handling produced highest antioxidant activity (IC50 below 2,000 ppm) in ethanolic extract of C. racemosa. Keywords: antioxidant activity, Caulerpa racemosa, ethanolic extract,handlings, IC50
Influence of Salinity on Growth and Phycoerythrin Production of Rhodomonas salina
Authors: Marraskuranto Endar , Raharjo Tri J , Kasiamdari Rina S , Nuringtyas Tri R
Published: March 2019

Microalgae is a photoautotroph organism capable of producing various photosynthetic pigments with diverse beneficial properties. Rhodomonas salina, a Cryptophyte cell, contains only phycoerythrin as its phycobiliprotein pigment. The effects of salinity on growth and phycoerythrin concentration were investigated. Microalgae R. salina were grown in natural sea water with salinity of 33‰ and 50‰.The microalgae was batch-cultured in f/2 medium at light irradiation of 1100 lux, temperature of 24–26 oC, and photoperiode of 12 h : 12 h. The microalgae cell density was directly calculated using haemacytometer. The concentration of phycoerythrin was determined by spectrophotometric method. The cell density and phycoerythrin concentration were monitored every 4 days for 20 days of cell growth. Results showed that salinity did not affect significantly both on growth and phycoerythrin concentration extracted from R. salina biomass (p>0.05; a = 0.05). At both salinity, maximum phycoerythrin concentration were reached on day 8. There was a positive correlation between cell density and phycoerythrin concentration from day 1 to day 8 of cell growth. Microalgae R. salina which was grown in natural seawater with salinity of 33‰ achieved the highest cell density of 8.4 x 105 cells/mL and the phycoerythrin concentration of 0.19 mg. 10-5 cell on day 8 of the culture. The highest phycoerythrin concentration was obtained on day 16 of the culture i.e 0.27 mg. 10-5 cell.Keywords: cell density, growth media, phycoerythrin, Rhodomonas salina, salinity
Possibilities of Development Technologies of Contemporary Science Subject: Philosophical Grounds and Regulatory Requirements
Authors: Smoligovets Oleg
Published: March 2019

The paper suggests the search for ways of development of modern science subject in the context of post-non-classical scientific rationality. The logic of the functioning of science as a system assumes that the activities of the subjects perform the regulatory function of the whole system. The development of the subject of science appears as a systemic problem, which includes not only professional development, but also the formation of multidimensional responsibility of scientists, which is manifested both in the interaction of science and society, and in the processes taking place within the science itself. The subject of technological impact is not an individual scientist or a team, but an integrated system, which is the science itself. The author concludes that such a system should have the status of a subject (metasubject), since its effects on scientists are manifested not as a determination, but as the opening of the space of freedom, the preservation of uncertainty in the system. Social technologies are relied upon as a mechanism for the formation and maintenance of metasubject status of science. Social technologies are supposed to be extremely flexible, because in the semantic space of science as a subject there is a higher level of freedom and subjectivity. The key technological requirement here is the growth of autonomy of the subject, which voluntarily and interestedly moves into the sphere of metasubject science. The potential of such a subject implies the requirement to identify the hidden potential of the system state. The notion of metasubject denotes a higher level of subjectivity than individuals and groups (subjects in the traditional sense). Metasubject acts as a source of space of scientific intersubjectivity. As a fundamental requirement for the activity of the subject of science the author points out the need to update the solution of strategic tasks on a par with the current ones. Taking into consideration all the stated above the study specifies a number of post-non-classical rationality norms: cognition is understood as a subject-subject process; reflection on the value measurement of knowledge is assumed; the self-developing nature of cognizable systems is postulated; the necessity of correlation of three forms of subjectivity in science (personality, collective, Institute); the communicative basis of human existence, the need to rely on the principle of cooperation is realized; understanding is fixed as a method of modern science; the nature of the connection between fundamental and applied research is clarified; the requirement of the analysis of knowledge riskiness is put forward.
Internet Mediatization of Confession in the Orthodox Social Networking Sight vk.com
Authors: Ostrovskaya Elena
Published: March 2019

The mediatization of social reality, which confidently declared itself in the early 2000s, is clearly presented as a new digital dimension of religion. Religions of the historical heritage of Russia actively master modern media and digital space of the Internet, create their own media environment of religious network interactions and events, discourses concerning society. The mediatizationof religions has the effect of changing the communicative profile of religions, promoting their topics in a broad public discussion on a par with the political and economic agenda. Modern sociological analysis of religion as an integral part of society now involves the search for answers to the question about the correlation of offline measurements of religious interactions, organizations and communications with their online presentations. One of the actual directions of sociological research of the digital space of religious interaction and discourses was the concept of mediatization of religion, developed by the joint efforts of scientists of the international team "Scandinavian research network". In line with this concept, the author refers to the study of the communicative aspect of the confession of the Orthodox faithful in its offline-online dimensions. As a basic and minimal unit of religious participation, confession as an interaction presents aspects of affiliation, religious-worldview and activity involvement. Central to the consideration in this article is the problem of studying the formats of confession representation in a variety of communicative themes of the digital environment of Orthodox parishes. The study in its full volume was carried out in several stages in 2017– 2018 years. For two years the author has been conducting an offline structured observation of confession in the Orthodox churches of Ekaterinburg, processing and analysis of the results; consequently we carried out operationalization of observation units in relation to online communication confession, collected, processed and analyzedthe data. In 2018, the author undertook a study of media communication network vk.com communities of Ekaterinburg parishes, applying structured observation and qualitative content analysis. Using a continuous, multistage, quota sampling, the author has explored digital landscapes, and key communication subjects digital communication 22 vk.com communities of the parishes of Ekaterinburg. The results of our study are presented in detail and analyzed in the article.
Rights, Permissions, Claims: World Literature and the Borders of Reading
Authors: Mani B. Venkat
Published: March 2019

In 2016, in the midst of the en masse arrival of refugees in europe, the austrian library association brought out a welcome poster, a Willkommensplakat. At the center of the poster is a human figure with his back toward the viewer, standing upright on a stack of books. The figure bears an uncanny resemblance to the man in Wanderer above the Sea of Fog (circa 1817), the famous painting by the German romantic painter Caspar David Friedrich. In the welcome poster, however, Friedrich's willful, romantic wanderer, standing on the solid ground of rocks, is replaced by a migrant, forced to leave his nation of residence, seeking refuge, perched on precarious grounds. Instead of a sea of fog, the figure in the poster faces a vast screen, on which the word “welcome” is spelled out in twenty-nine world languages from Arabic to Yoruba, including sign language.
An Anticolonial Theory of Reading
Authors: Elam J. Daniel
Published: March 2019

In 1931, S.R. Ranganathan, an unknown literary scholar and statistician from India, published a curious manifesto: The Five Laws of Library Science. The manifesto, written shortly after Ranganathan's return to India from London—where he learned to despise, among other things, the Dewey decimal system and British bureaucracy—argues for reorganizing Indian libraries. Ranganathan believed that India's libraries, many of which had been established by the British, could promote radically egalitarian ideals if they followed five fundamental laws.
Old Media / New Futures: Revolutionary Reverberations of Fanon's Radio
Authors: Allan Michael
Published: March 2019

In 1959, in the midst of the liberation struggle in Algeria, Frantz Fanon published L'an v de la révolution algérienne (A Dying Colonialism), which contained a chapter dedicated to the role of radio in anticolonial resistance. The chapter, “Ici la voix de l'Algérie” (“This Is the Voice of Algeria”), describes how the radio changed from mouthpiece of the French occupation to voice of the Algerian resistance, primarily between 1954 and 1956. Before the liberation struggle, Fanon tells us, over ninety-five percent of radio receivers belonged to Europeans, for whom the radio was a link to Radio-Alger—or, simply, “Des Français parlent aux Français” (“Frenchmen speaking to Frenchmen” [“Ici” 309; Dying Colonialism 74]). The station was a “réédition ou écho de la Radiodiffusion française nationale installée á Paris” (“re-edition or an echo of the French National Broadcasting System operating from Paris”) and “exprime avant tout la société coloniale et ses valeurs” (“is essentially the instrument of colonial society and its values” [305; 69]).
The sulfate degradation of cement incorporating carbonate by an electrical field at low temperature
Authors: Luo Yaoling , Wang Chong , Fang Zheng
Published: March 2019

Sulfate and carbonate can cause serious degradation of cement-based materials at low temperature; degradation products generally include ettringite, gypsum and thaumasite. The degradation process is very slow in a natural environment and no useful test method exists to accelerate the degradation process. This study used a voltage of 30 V and an electrical field duration of 20 s to study the acceleration effect of an electrical field on the degradation. Visual observations and compressive strength were used to reflect the degree of degradation. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ion concentration distribution were applied to study the degradation mechanism. The test results indicated that an electrical field can accelerate the degradation within 180 d and that the degradation rate was faster than that associated with full immersion. Moreover, the degree of degradation of a solution with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) as the cathode and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) as the anode was higher than that of a solution with magnesium sulfate as both cathode and anode; also the degradation degree of a magnesium sulfate solution under full immersion was higher than that of a sodium sulfate solution under full immersion.
An investigation of bamboo-strip constructions built according to Yona Friedman's manuals
Authors: Chiacchiera Paolo , Bocco Andrea , Ceretto Walter , Ghirardotti Davide
Published: March 2019

This paper describes a research study on the structural and constructional properties of bamboo strips used in accordance with manuals to improve the quality of self-building authored by Yona Friedman. To investigate these properties, four full-scale roof structures of different designs were built and tested to find their maximum load, deformation behaviour and failure. Two of these structures were subsequently rebuilt to explore strengthening possibilities that were assessed through further tests, which showed an increase of maximum load. Besides field tests, the bamboo roofs were modelled using finite-element analysis software in order to evaluate the correspondence between experimental and analytical data. The results showed remarkable differences between the actual behaviour of the structures and that obtained from the modelling due to the dimensional unevenness of strips and the imperfect execution of lashed joints, with the latter not always allowed to obtain the ideal hinge bearing condition hypothesised in the analytical model.
Effect of stop holes on structural integrity of offshore structures: a numerical model
Authors: Rege Kristen , Pavlou Dimitrios G.
Published: March 2019

As offshore structures are reaching their original design life, effective repair and life-extension techniques are required, in order to ensure continued safe operation. A stop hole may be drilled at the end of a crack, in order to delay further fatigue crack propagation. To compare the stop hole technique with other relevant repair techniques, its effect needs to be modelled. Here, a procedure for modelling the stop hole-induced fatigue crack growth delay for a crack propagating under mixed-mode I + II conditions is presented. The procedure combines the S–N curve for fatigue crack initiation and the Paris law for fatigue crack propagation, with models for mixed-mode crack propagation and finite-element analysis of the cracked geometry. The failure criterion inherent in the S–N curves is used to define the transition between initiation and propagation. The procedure is implemented on an example, and the importance of considering the mixed-mode conditions is indicated.