bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chiral Isocamphoric Acid: Founding a Large Family of Homochiral Porous Materials
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Nguyen Edward T. , Hong Anh N. , Feng Pingyun , Bu Xianhui
Published: May 2018

Homochiral metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are an important class of chiral solids with potential applications in chiral recognition; however, relatively few are available. Of great importance is the availability of low‐cost, racemization‐resistant, and versatile enantiopure building blocks. Among chiral building blocks, d‐camphoric acid is highly prolific, yet, its trans‐isomer, l‐isocamphoric acid, has remained unknown in the entire field of solid‐state materials. Its rich yet totally untapped synthetic and structural chemistry has now been investigated through the synthesis of a large family of homochiral metal isocamphorates. The first observation of diastereoisomerism in isostructural MOFs is presented. Isocamphorate has a powerful ability to create framework topologies unexpected from common inorganic building blocks, and isocamphoric acid should allow access to hundreds of new homochiral materials.
Isolation and Total Structure Determination of an All‐Alkynyl‐Protected Gold Nanocluster Au144
Authors: Lei Zhen , Li Jiao‐Jiao , Wan Xian‐Kai , Zhang Wen‐Han , Wang Quan‐Ming
Published: May 2018

Total structure determination of a ligand‐protected gold nanocluster, Au144, has been successfully carried out. The composition of title nanocluster is Au144(C≡CAr)60 (1; Ar=2‐FC6H4‐). The cluster 1 exhibits a quasi‐spherical Russian doll‐like architecture, comprising a Au54 two‐shelled Mackay icosahedron (Au12@Au42), which is further enclosed by a Au60 anti‐Mackay icosahedral shell. The Au114 kernel is enwrapped by thirty linear ArC≡C‐Au‐C≡CAr staple motifs. The absorption spectrum of 1 shows two bands at 560 and 620 nm. This spectrum is distinctly different from that of thiolated Au144, which was predicted to have an almost identical metal kernel and very similar ligands arrangement in 1. These facts indicate the molecule‐like behavior of 1 and significant involvement of ligands in the electronic structure of 1. The cluster 1 is hitherto the largest coinage metal nanocluster with atomically precise molecular structure in the alkynyl family. The work not only addresses the concern of structural information of Au144, which had been long‐pursued, but also provides an interesting example showing ligand effects on the optical properties of ligand protected metal nanoclusters.
Simultaneous Modulation of Magnetic and Dielectric Transition via Spin‐Crossover‐Tuned Spin Arrangement and Charge Distribution
Authors: Zheng Hui , Meng Yin‐Shan , Zhou Guang‐Li , Duan Chun‐Ying , Sato Osamu , Hayami Shinya , Luo Yi , Liu Tao
Published: May 2018

Magnetic and dielectric properties have been tuned simultaneously by external stimuli with rapid and sensitive response, which is crucial to monitor the magnetic state via capacitive measurement. Herein, positive charged FeII ions were linked via negative charged [(Tp)FeIII(CN)3]− (Tp=hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate) units to form a neutral chain. The spin‐crossover (SCO) on FeII sites could be sensitively triggered via thermal treatment, light irradiation, and pressure. SCO switched the spin state of the FeII ions and antiferromagnetic interactions between FeIII and FeII ions, resulting in significant change in magnetization. Moreover, SCO induced rotation of negative charged [(Tp)FeIII(CN)3]− units, generating dielectric anomaly due to geometric change of charges distribution. This work provides a rational way to manipulate simultaneous variations in magnetic and dielectric properties utilizing SCO as an actuator to tune spin arrangement, magnetic coupling, and charge distribution.
A Dimer of Hydrogen Cyanide Stabilized by a Lewis Acid
Authors: Bläsing Kevin , Bresien Jonas , Labbow René , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander
Published: May 2018

A highly labile dimer of hydrogen cyanide, HCN⋅⋅⋅HCN, was extracted from liquid HCN by adduct formation with the bulky Lewis acid B(C6F5)3, affording HCN⋅⋅⋅HCN−B(C6F5)3, which was fully characterized. The influence of the solvent (HCN, CH2Cl2, and aromatic hydrocarbons) on the crystallization process was studied, revealing dimer formation when using HCN or CH2Cl2 as solvent, whereas aromatic hydrocarbons led to the formation of monomeric arene⋅⋅HCN−B(C6F5)3 adducts, additionally stabilized by η6‐coordination of the aromatic ring system similar to well‐known half‐sandwich complexes.
A facile and rapid sonochemical synthesis of monodispersed Fe3O4@cellulose nanocrystal nanocomposites without inert gas protection
Authors: Low Liang Ee , Tey Beng Ti , Ong Boon Hoong , Tang Siah Ying
Published: May 2018

Here, we proposed a rapid sonochemical in situ co‐precipitation approach to prepare Fe3O4@cellulose nanocrystal (MCNC) nanocomposites. Differed from conventionaly method, the proposed in‐situ co‐precipitation reaction was performed under atmospheric condition without N2 purging to yield the MCNC. The results from FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of MCNC through the chemical interaction between the Fe ions of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNP) with the surface hydroxyl groups of CNC. The absence of typical Fe2O3 Raman spectral peak (730 cm−1) indicated no occurrence of oxidation of MNP to undesired maghemite. Based on TGA results, the MNP loading on the MCNC composites was found to be 6 wt% higher than those produced under typical N2 protection, giving rise to a higher magnetivity. Results revealed that the use of ultrasound (US) horn in place of conventional mechanical stirrer led to the production of the radical species that accelerated the nucleation, growth and dispersibility of MNPs on CNC fibres, which thus shortened the reaction times to 5 min. The findings suggest that the proposed sonochemical synthesis without inert N2 purging could be an alternative facile and efficient approach to fabricate well‐dispersed MCNC nanocomposites that hold great potential for biomedical applications.
Correlation between Cycling Power and Muscle Thickness in Cyclists
Authors: Lee Hyung‐Jin , Lee Kang‐Woo , Lee Yong‐Woo , Kim Hee‐Jin
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between muscle thickness (MT) and cycling power in varsity cyclists using ultrasonography (US) and to identify any differences in MT between short‐ and long‐distance cyclists. Twelve cyclists participated in this study. Real‐time two‐dimensional B‐mode US was used to measure the MT in the anterior thigh, anterior lower leg, and trunk, especially in the abdominal and lumbar regions. A cycle ergometer was used to measure cycling power parameters such as maximum anaerobic power (over 5 s), mean anaerobic power (over 30 s), and aerobic power (over 3 min). This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Korea National Sports University. There was a significant relationship between the MT and cycling power for the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) in the thigh, the rectus abdominis (RA) in the abdominal region, and the erector spinae (ES) in the lower back. The MT values of the RF, VL, and ES were strongly associated with the maximum and mean anaerobic power. There were significant differences between short‐ and long‐distance cyclists in the MT of the RF in the thigh, the RA, the external abdominal oblique, the internal abdominal oblique, and the transverse abdominis muscle in the abdomen. We suggest that training programs attempting to improve cycling performance focus on improving the VL and ES via resistance weight or cycle training and also the core muscles for short‐distance cyclists. Clin. Anat. 31:899–906, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bioassay‐Guided Isolation of Antifungal Compounds from Disporopsis aspersa (Hua) Engl. ex Diels against Pseudoperonospora cubensis and Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Zhu Feng , Yuan Chengshan , Gang Fangli , Yang Chaofu , Wu Wenjun , Zhang Jiwen
Published: May 2018

Oomycetes are one type of the most highly destructive of the diseases that cause damage to some important crop plants, such as potato late blight, cucumber downy mildew, and grape downy mildew. As main approach of the ongoing search for new botanical fungicide from plant, the secondary metabolites of D. aspersa were investigated. Through efficient bioassay‐guided isolation, two new (1 and 2) and 12 known compounds (3 – 14) were isolated, and their structures were determined via extensive NMR, HR‐ESI‐MS, and IR. They were isolated from this genus for the first time except for compounds 11 and 12. The biological properties of 1 – 14 were evaluated against Pseudoperonospora cubensis and Phytophthora infestans. Compounds 1 – 8 showed potent antifungal activity in vitro. Additionally, compound 3 has preferable control effect on cucumber downy mildew, showing dual effect of protection and treatment in vivo.
Effects of Growing Location on the Contents of Main Active Components and Antioxidant Activity of Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. by Chemometric Methods
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Dongmei , Hou Xiaogai , Yang Yueqin , Xue Xian , Jia Qishi , Zhang Lixia , Zhao Wei , Yin Dongxue
Published: May 2018

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a very important raw material source for natural medicines in China. The content and activity of active component are main indexes that evaluate the quality of TCM, however, they may vary with environmental factors. In this study, the effects of environmental factors on the active component contents and antioxidant activity of Dasiphora fruticosa collected from the five main growing areas of China were investigated. The contents of tannin, total flavonoids and rutin were determined to be 7.65 – 10.69%, 2.30 – 5.39% and 0.18 – 0.81%, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH assay, with the DPPH IC50 values ranged from 8.791 to 32.534 μg mL−1. In order to further explore the cause of these significant geographical variations, the chemometric methods including correlation analysis, principal component analysis, gray correlation analysis and path analysis were applied. The results showed that environmental factors had significant effect on the contents of active components and antioxidant activity. Rapidly available phosphorus (RAP) and rapidly available nitrogen (RAN) were common dominant factors, and a significant positive action existed between RAP and active components and antioxidant activity (P < 0.05). Contributed by their high active components and strong antioxidant activity, Bange in Tibet and Geermu in Qinghai Province were selected as a favorable growing location, respectively.
Chemical Variability of the Essential Oil of Pituranthos scoparius from Algeria
Authors: Malti Charaf Eddine Watheq , Boussaïd Maghnia , Belyagoubi Larbi , Paoli Mathieu , Gibernau Marc , Tomi Félix , Atik Bekkara Fewzia , Bekhechi Chahrazed
Published: May 2018

The chemical composition of 93 oil samples from the aerial parts of Pituranthos scoparius, harvested in three regions of Algeria, was investigated by GC‐FID, GC/MS and 13C‐NMR. Monoterpene hydrocarbons dominated in association with phenylpropanoids and a chemical variability was found highlighting three clusters. The composition of group I (36 samples) exhibited an atypical composition characterized by a very high contents of 6‐methoxyelemicine (13.0 – 59.6%), followed by sabinene (1.1 – 43.0%) and limonene (6.6 – 39.0%), while the samples of group II (12 samples) contained a high content of limonene (9.2 – 44.0%), followed by myristicine (0.0 – 29.4%) and a lower amount of sabinene (0.8 – 2.3%). Group III (45 samples) could be divided in two subgroups. Subgroup SGIIIA was characterized by a very high content of sabinene (28.0 – 55.6%), followed by elemicine (0.0 – 29.1%), while the samples belonging to SGIIIB were characterized by the lower content of sabinene (6.2 – 35.5%) and a significant content of myristicine (1.5 – 32.4%), α‐pinene (4.2 – 31.0%) and dill apiole (0.1 – 31.4%). Each harvested region was characterized by a different chemical composition.
CoSe2/MoSe2 Heterostructures with Enriched Water Adsorption/Dissociation Sites towards Enhanced Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhao Guoqiang , Li Peng , Rui Kun , Chen Yaping , Dou Shi Xue , Sun Wenping
Published: May 2018

Transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising electrocatalysts toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acid media, but they show significantly inferior activity in alkaline media due to the extremely sluggish water dissociation kinetics. Herein, CoSe2/MoSe2 heterostructures with CoSe2 quantum dots anchored on MoSe2 nanosheets are synthesized towards enhanced alkaline HER catalytic activity. The incorporation of CoSe2 is intended to construct additional water adsorption sites on the basal planes of MoSe2 to promote water dissociation. The CoSe2/MoSe2 heterostructures show substantially enhanced activity over MoSe2 and CoSe2 in 1 m KOH. The optimal overpotential required to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 is merely 218 mV, which is more than 100 mV greater than that of MoSe2, which is by far the best performance demonstrated for precious‐metal‐free catalysts. Detailed analyses based on electrochemical testing demonstrate that the water adsorption and subsequent dissociation process is accelerated by CoSe2 species with rich edge sites; meanwhile, MoSe2 species provide sufficient active sites for the adsorption and combination of adsorbed hydrogen (H.). These results provide an effective strategy for developing earth‐abundant catalysts with high activity for the alkaline HER, and are of great significance to promote the practical application of alkaline water electrolysis.
Asymmetric Sulfur‐Ylide‐Mediated Formal [4+1]‐Annulation Reaction: Scope and Mechanism
Authors: Clergue Sébastien , Rousseau Olivier , Delaunay Thierry , Dequirez Geoffroy , Tran Trieu‐Van , El Aakchioui Soumia , Barozzino‐Consiglio Gabriella , Robiette Raphaël
Published: May 2018

A formal [4+1]‐annulation strategy between sulfur ylides and 1,3‐dienes was developed to afford functionalized cyclopentanoids. The process consists of a stereoselective cyclopropanation reaction followed, in situ, by a stereospecific MgI2‐catalyzed vinylcyclopropane–cyclopentene rearrangement. The use of chiral sulfur ylides provided cyclopentanoids with excellent enantiocontrol. A combined experimental and computational mechanistic study showed that the stereospecificity of the rearrangement could be accounted for by a double SN2 reaction mechanism involving iodide.
Paramagnetic Metal‐Ion Dopants as Polarization Agents for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization NMR Spectroscopy in Inorganic Solids
Authors: Chakrabarty Tanmoy , Goldin Nir , Feintuch Akiva , Houben Lothar , Leskes Michal
Published: May 2018

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), a technique in which the high electron spin polarization is transferred to surrounding nuclei via microwave irradiation, equips solid‐state NMR spectroscopy with unprecedented sensitivity. The most commonly used polarization agents for DNP are nitroxide radicals. However, their applicability to inorganic materials is mostly limited to surface detection. Paramagnetic metal ions were recently introduced as alternatives for nitroxides. Doping inorganic solids with paramagnetic ions can be used to tune material properties and introduces endogenous DNP agents that can potentially provide sensitivity in the particles’ bulk and surface. Here we demonstrate the approach by doping Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), an anode material for lithium ion batteries, with paramagnetic ions. By incorporating Gd(III) and Mn(II) in LTO we gain up to 14 fold increase in signal intensity in static 7Li DNP‐NMR experiments. These results suggest that doping with paramagnetic ions provides an efficient route for sensitivity enhancement in the bulk of micron size particles.
Facile Preparation of Vinyl S‐Trifluoromethyl NH Aryl Sulfoximines
Authors: Barthelemy Anne‐Laure , Prieto Alexis , Diter Patrick , Hannedouche Jérôme , Toffano Martial , Anselmi Elsa , Magnier Emmanuel
Published: May 2018

We report herein the preparation of ortho‐vinylaryl S‐trifluoromethylated sulfoximines through cross‐coupling reactions. Two efficient palladium‐catalyzed procedures (Stille and Suzuki) were developed, with use of ortho‐iodo aryl sulfoximines as substrates, to give various vinyl derivatives in good yields. The difference in reactivity of the fluorinated derivatives, compared to nonfluorinated counterparts, allowed the use of free NH sulfoximines in the coupling processes, where they proved to be inert to cyclization. Finally, further transformations have been explored, such as metathesis coupling reactions, after post‐functionalization of the nitrogen atom by another vinyl group.
Development of a massively parallel sequencing assay for investigating sequence polymorphisms of 15 short tandem repeats in a Chinese Northern Han population
Authors: Zhang Qing‐Xia , Yang Meng , Pan Ya‐Jiao , Zhao Jing , Qu Bao‐Wang , Cheng Feng , Yang Ya‐Ran , Jiao Zhang‐Ping , Liu Li , Yan Jiang‐Wei
Published: May 2018

Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) has been used in forensic genetics in recent years owing to several advantages, e.g. MPS can provide precise descriptions of the repeat allele structure and variation in the repeat‐flanking regions, increasing the discriminating power among loci and individuals. However, it cannot be fully utilized unless sufficient population data are available for all loci. Thus, there is a pressing need to perform population studies providing a basis for the introduction of MPS into forensic practice. Here, we constructed a multiplex PCR system with fusion primers for one‐directional PCR for MPS of 15 commonly used forensic autosomal STRs and amelogenin. Samples from 554 unrelated Chinese Northern Han individuals were typed using this MPS assay. In total, 313 alleles obtained by MPS for all 15 STRs were observed, and the corresponding allele frequencies ranged between 0.0009 and 0.5162. Of all 15 loci, the number of alleles identified for 12 loci increased compared to capillary electrophoresis approaches, and for the following six loci more than double the number of alleles was found: D2S1338, D5S818, D21S11, D13S317, vWA, and D3S1358. Forensic parameters were calculated based on length and sequence‐based alleles. D21S11 showed the highest heterozygosity (0.8791), discrimination power (0.9865), and paternity exclusion probability in trios (0.7529). The cumulative match probability for MPS was approximately 2.3157 × 10−20.
Determination of protein charge variants with (imaged) capillary isoelectric focusing and capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Kahle Julia , Wätzig Hermann
Published: May 2018

Biopharmaceuticals are increasingly present in pharmaceutical therapy. These highly complex molecules are still challenging for development and quality control. Charge heterogeneity is next to size heterogeneity, glycan analysis, or peptide mapping one main aspect of their thorough characterization. This review focuses on the charge‐based analysis of biopharmaceuticals through CE. An overview is given about the three separation techniques cIEF, imaged cIEF and CZE for the analyses of charge variants, emphasizing assays and their precision. Especially the developments in the experimental conditions have been given a high priority: sample preparation, capillary properties, anolytes and catholytes, carrier ampholytes, sacrificing agents, solubility enhancement, isoelectric point marker, mobilization techniques, and detection modes have been discussed. CIEF shows a particularly high heterogeneity in its methods. Therefore, a design space is suggested that states the most important adjustable parameters and their range. This enables an adequate design of experiments for individual sample separations, in order to accelerate and simplify method developments.
Influence of Internet dissemination on hospital selection for benign surgical disease: A single center retrospective study
Authors: Lee Sung Ryul , Koo Bum Hwan , Byun Geon Young , Lee Seung Geun , Kim Myoung Jin , Hong Soo Kyung , Kim Su Yeon , Lee Yu Jin
Published: May 2018

The Internet is used worldwide, but its effect on hospital selection of minor surgical disease has not hitherto been thoroughly studied. To investigate the effect of the Internet dissemination on hospital selection of minor surgical disease and information affecting selection, we conducted a survey of patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery from January 2016 to April 2017. We analyzed the questionnaire responses of 1916 patients. Over 80% of patients in all groups selected the hospital based on Internet information. Among patients aged over 60 years, 65.1% selected the hospital based on Internet information. With regard to hospital selection factors, the highest number of responses was for sophisticated surgical treatment (93.1%). The second highest was for a simplified medical care system (33.0%); third was a comprehensive nursing care system (18.1%). Among responses about surgical treatment, the most were obtained for short operation time and fewer hospitalization days (81.5%).
An Adaptive Environmental Effects Monitoring Framework for Assessing the Influences of Liquid Effluents on Benthos, Water, and Sediments in Aquatic Receiving Environments
Authors: Somers Keith M , Kilgour Bruce W , Munkittrick Kelly R , Arciszewski Tim J
Published: May 2018

Environmental effects monitoring (EEM) has been traditionally used to evaluate the effects of existing facilities discharging liquid effluents into natural receiving waters in Canada. EEM also has the potential to provide feedback to an ongoing project in an adaptive management context and can inform the design of future projects. EEM, consequently, can and should also be used to test the predictions of effects related to new projects. Despite EEM's potential for widespread applicability, challenges related to the effective implementation of EEM include the use of appropriate study designs and the adoption of tiers for increasing or decreasing monitoring intensity. Herein we describe a template for designing and implementing a 6-tiered EEM program that utilizes information from the project-planning and predevelopment baseline data collection stages to build on forecasts from the initial environmental impact assessment project-design stage and that feeds into an adaptive management process. Movement between the 6 EEM tiers is based on the exceedance of baseline monitoring triggers, forecast triggers, and management triggers at various stages in the EEM process. To distinguish these types of triggers, we review the historical development of numeric and narrative triggers as applied to chemical (water and sediment) and biological (plankton, benthos, fish) endpoints. We also provide an overview of historical study design issues and discuss how the 6 EEM tiers and associated triggers influence the temporal-spatial experimental design options and how the information gained through EEM could be used in an adaptive management context. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:552–566. © 2018 SETAC

Key Points

Environmental effects monitoring can and should be adapted to respond to the observations from previous cycles. Adaptive monitoring includes (1) baseline monitoring, (2) surveillance monitoring, (3) confirmation monitoring, (4) investigation of cause, (5) focused monitoring, and (6) investigation of solutions.
Evaluation of video self‐instruction for implementing paired‐stimulus preference assessments
Authors: Hansard Candice , Kazemi Ellie
Published: May 2018

We trained four undergraduate students who reported no prior experience implementing behavior‐analytic procedures to conduct a paired‐stimulus preference assessment using a video self‐instruction package. The package was composed of several components from prior research (i.e., a voice‐over script, written instructions, multiple video models per step, and instructions for the trainee to rehearse throughout the video presentation). We used a nonconcurrent, multiple‐baseline‐across‐participants design and found that all participants accurately implemented the preference assessment with a simulated client after viewing the video once. We discuss the contributions of the current results and directions for future research on video self‐instruction for staff (i.e., maintenance, generalization, social validity).
Application of Pt@SnO2 nanoparticles for hydrogen gas sensing
Authors: Hong Zih‐Siou , Wu Chun‐Han , Wu Ren‐Jang
Published: May 2018

We report the fabrication of Pt@SnO2 nanoparticles using a sol–gel method. These nanoparticles are used as a sensing material. The structural and morphological characterization of the prepared Pt@SnO2 nanoparticles was performed using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The sensor responses of SnO2 and 1 wt% Pt/SnO2 to 1% hydrogen gas (H2) were 1.3 and 1.9, respectively. The sensor response of a Pt@SnO2 core–shell sensor increased to 5.1 at room temperature; it improved by 3.9 times compared to SnO2 and by 2.7 times compared to 1% Pt/SnO2 in sensing 1% H2. The response time for the prepared Pt@SnO2 sensor was also shortened by 2.0 and 1.4 times compared to SnO2 and 1 wt% Pt/SnO2, respectively. The sensor response increased rapidly from 1.4 to 5.1, with an increase in H2 concentration from 800 to 10,000 ppm (1%). We investigated the H2‐sensing mechanism of Pt@SnO2.
Evaluation of six ionic liquids and application in pretreatment of sweet sorghum bagasse for bacterial nanocellulose production
Authors: Chen Genqiang , Chen Lin , Wang Wei , Hong Feng F
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a versatile biomaterial, however its production at industrial scale is not cost‐effective due to the high cost of culture media. Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) is an annually renewable agricultural residue with little or no value and could even cause haze if burned. The proposed approach is the first to use SSB to produce BNC by means of pretreatment of green solvent ionic liquid (IL) for promoted enzymatic saccharification due to the recalcitrant lignocellulose structure of SSB. But the questions, ‘Which is the best IL’ and ‘Are there any negative effects’ need answers.

RESULTS

Six kinds of ILs were first compared in detail and showed diverse inhibition of cellulase and bacterial culture with changing IL concentration. Inhibition by IL of cellulase and BNC production could be removed completely by thorough washing. The results showed that three ILs, [AMIM]OAc, [EMIM]Fmt and [EMIM]OAc, had higher dissolving capacity and strong enhancement of cellulase saccharification of SSB. The fermentable sugar yield from SSB was enhanced by more than 7.5 times after [EMIM]Fmt‐pretreatment at biomass loading of 20%. The highest productivity of 0.71 g L−1 d−1 of crude BNC was obtained after cultivation with the hydrolysate of [EMIM]Fmt‐pretreated SSB.

CONCLUSION

The results demonstrated a new approach to produce BNC by biorefining lignocellulosic waste SSB, which could provide the following potential benefits: better utilization of the agricultural residual SSB than burning, which causes haze and air pollution, improving economic benefits of SSB for farmers, and decreasing the production cost of BNC. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Pure laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy using the caudodorsal side approach (with videos)
Authors: Maeda Koki , Honda Goro , Kurata Masanao , Homma Yuki , Doi Manami , Yamamoto Jun , Ome Yusuke
Published: May 2018

Background

In our process of standardizing laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy (Lap‐RH), we found several advantages of the laparoscopic caudate lobe first approach by using a unique laparoscopic caudodorsal view.

Methods

Between April 2012 and October 2017, 21 patients underwent pure Lap‐RH at our hospital. The mean patient age was 62 years (range 36–75 years), and there were more male than female patients (66.7%). Of 21 patients, 11 had hepatocellular carcinoma, eight had metastatic tumor, and the other two had focal nodular hyperplasia and refractory liver abscess. All 21 patients had Child–Pugh class A liver function. The surgical technique was recorded on video.

Results

The mean operative time was 409 min (range 241–522 min), and the mean blood loss was 279 g (range 0–1,010 g). No procedure was converted to open surgery. With regard to postoperative complications, one patient had bile leakage from the stump of the main Glissonean branch and another patient had abscess formation in the subphrenic space. No postoperative bleeding, hepatic failure, and mortality occurred.

Conclusions

Our standardized procedure of Lap‐RH using the unique laparoscopic caudodorsal view is not only feasible but also confers a true advantage of the laparoscopic approach.
Effect of 3D depth on the resolution and the observed image for auto‐stereoscopic multi‐view 3D display
Authors: Hong Hyungki
Published: May 2018

In auto‐stereoscopic multi‐views, blurring occurs due to the incomplete separation of views for non‐zero depths. How this blur affects a 3D image was investigated using the commercial multi‐view 3D. The 3D input signal consisted of the square pattern and the gratings of various width and gray level values of G1 and G2. The various combinations of G1 and G2 were used to investigate the dependence of blur on gray G1 and G2 values. The 3D depth caused blurring, which caused a decrease in contrast modulation. Hence, the 3D resolution determined from contrast modulation was affected by the depth and became worse with increasing depth. Therefore, 3D resolution may be used to define the depth range within which the image degradation due to blurring is acceptable. Blur edge width values at the boundaries of gray G1 and G2 were measured and found to be similar irrespective of G1 and G2 values at the same depth. This was because blur was caused by the incomplete separation of views that are independent of G1 and G2. Hence, the blurriness of the observed 3D image is determined only by the depth. The 3D resolution and blur edge width might be useful to characterize the performance of auto‐stereoscopic multi‐view 3D.
High‐Speed Modulator Based on Electro‐Optic Polymer Infiltrated Subwavelength Grating Waveguide Ring Resonator
Authors: Pan Zeyu , Xu Xiaochuan , Chung Chi‐Jui , Dalir Hamed , Yan Hai , Chen Ke , Wang Yaguo , Jia Baohua , Chen Ray T.
Published: May 2018

Silicon‐organic hybrid integrated devices show great potential in high‐speed optical interconnects and sensors. In this paper, a high‐speed modulator based on an electro‐optic (EO) polymer (SEO125) infiltrated sub‐wavelength grating (SWG) waveguide ring resonator is presented. The core of the SWG waveguide consists of periodically arranged silicon pillars along the light propagation direction, which provides large mode volume overlap with EO polymer. The optimized SWG shows a mode volume overlap of 36.2% with a silicon duty cycle of 0.7. The 3‐dB modulation bandwidth of the fabricated modulator is measured to be larger than 40 GHz occupying an area of 70 μm x 29 μm, which is the largest bandwidth and the most compact footprint that has been demonstrated for ring resonators on the silicon‐organic hybrid platform.
Long‐Life and High‐Power Binder‐Free Cathode Based on One‐Step Synthesis of Radical Polymers with Multi‐Pendant Groups
Authors: Chen Yaoguang , Zhang Yangfan , Liu Xiu , Fan Xuliang , Bai Bing , Yang Kang , Liang Zhongxin , Zhang Zishou , Mai Kancheng
Published: May 2018

The main bottlenecks for the widespread application of radical polymers in organic radical batteries are poor cycling stability, due to the dissolution of radical polymers into the electrolyte, and the low efficiency of multi‐step synthesis strategies. Herein, a kind of electrolyte‐resistant radical polymer bearing multi‐pendant groups (poly(ethylene‐alt‐TEMPO maleate) (PETM)) is designed and synthesized through a one‐step esterification reaction to graft 4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐teramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxy into the commercially available poly(ethylene‐alt‐maleic anhydride). Interestingly, PETM is hardly soluble in the ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate‐based electrolyte, showing an extremely low solubility of 0.59 mg mL–1, but is easily soluble in tetrahydrofuran and N‐Methyl pyrrolidone. The derived binder‐free PETM cathode exhibits nearly 100% utilization of the grafted nitroxide radicals (88 mA h g–1) and excellent rate capability with almost invariant capacitance from 10 C to 40 C. Significantly, the PETM cathodes retain 94% of the initial capacity after 1000 cycles, outperforming most reported radical polymer‐based cathodes.
Targeting prostate cancer: Prostate‐specific membrane antigen based diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Wüstemann Till , Haberkorn Uwe , Babich John , Mier Walter
Published: May 2018

The high incidence rates of prostate cancer (PCa) raise demand for improved therapeutic strategies. Prostate tumors specifically express the prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a membrane‐bound protease. As PSMA is highly overexpressed on malignant prostate tumor cells and as its expression rate correlates with the aggressiveness of the disease, this tumor‐associated biomarker provides the possibility to develop new strategies for diagnostics and therapy of PCa. Major advances have been made in PSMA targeting, ranging from immunotherapeutic approaches to therapeutic small molecules. This review elaborates the diversity of PSMA targeting agents while focusing on the radioactively labeled tracers for diagnosis and endoradiotherapy. A variety of radionuclides have been shown to either enable precise diagnosis or efficiently treat the tumor with minimal effects to nontargeted organs. Most small molecules with affinity for PSMA are based on either a phosphonate or a urea‐based binding motif. Based on these pharmacophores, major effort has been made to identify modifications to achieve ideal pharmacokinetics while retaining the specific targeting of the PSMA binding pocket. Several tracers have now shown excellent clinical usability in particular for molecular imaging and therapy as proven by the efficiency of theranostic approaches in current studies. The archetypal expression profile of PSMA may be exploited for the treatment with alpha emitters to break radioresistance and thus to bring the power of systemic therapy to higher levels.
A 4D global respiratory motion model of the thorax based on CT images: A proof of concept
Authors: Fayad Hadi , Gilles Marlene , Pan Tinsu , Visvikis Dimitris
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Respiratory motion reduces the sensitivity and specificity of medical images especially in the thoracic and abdominal areas. It may affect applications such as cancer diagnostic imaging and/or radiation therapy (RT). Solutions to this issue include modeling of the respiratory motion in order to optimize both diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. Personalized motion modeling required patient‐specific four‐dimensional (4D) imaging which in the case of 4D computed tomography (4D CT) acquisition is associated with an increased dose. The goal of this work was to develop a global respiratory motion model capable of relating external patient surface motion to internal structure motion without the need for a patient‐specific 4D CT acquisition.

Methods

The proposed global model is based on principal component analysis and can be adjusted to a given patient anatomy using only one or two static CT images in conjunction with a respiratory synchronized patient external surface motion. It is based on the relation between the internal motion described using deformation fields obtained by registering 4D CT images and patient surface maps obtained either from optical imaging devices or extracted from CT image‐based patient skin segmentation. 4D CT images of six patients were used to generate the global motion model which was validated by adapting it on four different patients having skin segmented surfaces and two other patients having time of flight camera acquired surfaces. The reproducibility of the proposed model was also assessed on two patients with two 4D CT series acquired within 2 weeks of each other.

Results

Profile comparison shows the efficacy of the global respiratory motion model and an improvement while using two CT images in order to adapt the model. This was confirmed by the correlation coefficient with a mean correlation of 0.9 and 0.95 while using one or two CT images respectively and when comparing acquired to model generated 4D CT images. For the four patients with segmented surfaces, expert validation indicates an error of 2.35 ± 0.26 mm compared to 6.07 ± 0.76 mm when using a simple interpolation between full inspiration (FI) and full expiration (FE) CT only; i.e., without specific modeling of the respiratory motion. For the two patients with acquired surfaces, this error was of 2.48 ± 0.18 mm. In terms of reproducibility, model error changes of 0.12 and 0.17 mm were measured for the two patients concerned.

Conclusions

The framework for the derivation of a global respiratory motion model was developed. A single or two static CT images and associated patient surface motion, as a surrogate measure, are only needed to personalize the model. This model accuracy and reproducibility were assessed by comparing acquired vs model generated 4D CT images. Future work will consist of assessing extensively the proposed model for radiotherapy applications.
Inter‐method reproducibility of biexponential R2 MR relaxometry for estimation of liver iron concentration
Authors: Pirasteh Ali , Yuan Qing , Hernando Diego , Reeder Scott B. , Pedrosa Ivan , Yokoo Takeshi
Published: May 2018

Purpose

To assess the reproducibility of biexponential R2‐relaxometry MRI for estimation of liver iron concentration (LIC) between proprietary and nonproprietary analysis methods.

Methods

This single‐center retrospective study, approved by investigational review board and compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, included 40 liver MRI exams in 38 subjects with suspected or known iron overload. From spin‐echo images of the liver, acquired at 5 different echo times (TE = 6–18 ms), biexponential R2 maps were calculated using 1 proprietary (FerriScan, Resonance Health Ltd., Claremont WA, Australia) and 3 nonproprietary (simulated annealing, nonlinear least squares, dictionary search) analysis methods. Each subject's average liver R2 value was converted to LIC using a previously validated calibration curve. Inter‐method reproducibility for liver R2 and LIC were assessed for linearity using linear regression analysis and absolute agreement using intraclass correlation and Bland‐Altman analysis. For point estimates, 95% confidence intervals were calculated; P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

Linearity between the proprietary and nonproprietary methods was excellent across the observed range for R2 (20–312 s−1) and LIC (0.4–52.2 mg/g), with all coefficients of determination (R2) ≥ 0.95. No statistically significant bias was found (slope estimates ∼ 1; intercept estimates ∼ 0; P values > 0.05). Agreement between the 4 methods was excellent for both liver R2 and LIC (intraclass correlations ≥ 0.97). Bland‐Altman 95% limits of agreement in % difference between the proprietary and nonproprietary methods were ≤ 9% and ≤ 16% for R2 and LIC, respectively.

Conclusion

Biexponential R2‐relaxometry MRI for LIC estimation is reproducible between proprietary and nonproprietary analysis methods.
Stewardship of health security: The challenges of applying the One Health approach
Authors: Hort Krishna , Sommanustweechai Angkana , Adisasmito Wiku , Gleeson Laurence
Published: May 2018

Experience with the control of epidemics, notably the 2004 outbreaks of avian influenza, has demonstrated that a “One Health approach,” that recognizes that human, animal, and environmental health are interdependent, is the most effective way of dealing with threats from emerging infectious diseases (EID). However, introducing and applying a One Health approach is challenging for many countries. One of the key challenges relates to stewardship.

The evolution of the strategies and policies used to introduce and adopt the One Health approach in the detection and response to EID over the period 2005 to 2017 is described at global level and in country case studies of Thailand and Indonesia. Both countries experienced significant outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza from 2004 and have sought to adopt the One Health approach in their response strategies.

The challenges for stewardship of health systems in introducing a One Health approach are described, and key lessons identified in regard to national level agency coordination, engagement of the broader civil society outside government, and developing a reliable, credible, and impartial decision‐making process. The concept of stewardship provides valuable insights for policymakers on how to incorporate a One Health approach into their EID response systems.
Adolescent and young adult oncology patients in France: Heterogeneity in pathways of care
Authors: Desandes Emmanuel , Brugières Laurence , Molinié Florence , Defossez Gautier , Delafosse Patricia , Jehannin‐Ligier Karine , Velten Michel , Trétarre Brigitte , Amadéo Brice , Marrer Emilie , Woronoff Anne‐Sophie , Ganry Olivier , Monnereau Alain , d'Almeida Tania , Troussard Xavier , Daubisse‐Marliac Laetitia , Bara Simona , Guizard Anne‐Valérie , Baldi Isabelle , Launoy Guy , Clavel Jacqueline , Lacour Brigitte
Published: May 2018

Background

In order to evaluate at the population level the impact of the actions developed in France since 2004 to organize the care of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer, we conducted the present study to provide an unbiased view of the pathway of care of these patients.

Methods

Using a population‐based registry, we conducted a review of all cases of cancer diagnosed during 2012 and 2013 in 15‐ to 24‐year‐old patients living in nineteen French administrative areas.

Results

The median times for diagnosis and treatment of the 993 included AYAs were 9 weeks (3–22) and 1 day (0–20), respectively. Delays in diagnosis were significantly longer in young adults than in adolescents, especially for soft‐tissue sarcomas (48.7 weeks vs. 15.4 weeks, P = 0.04) and bone tumors (21.4 weeks vs. 10.1 weeks, P = 0.04). The first physicians seen by patients were mostly general practitioners (67.4%). Most patients (77.5%) were treated in adult units. Management decisions were taken within the context of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) in 85.3% of cases. MDT meetings that involved both pediatric and adult oncologists were uncommon (15.7% of patients). Twenty‐six percent of patients were included in randomized or nonrandomized clinical studies. The proportion of inclusion was significantly higher in adolescents (39.5%) than in young adults (16.8%).

Conclusion

In France, pathways of care for AYAs are heterogeneous. It is necessary to organize a national network of expert centers with adequate medical skills and specific psychosocial support and facilities to provide the best possible care for these patients.
Characterisation of phenolic compounds by UPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS of geopropolis from the stingless bee Melipona subnitida (jandaíra)
Authors: de Souza Silvana Alves , da Silva Telma Maria Guedes , da Silva Eva Monica Sarmento , Camara Celso Amorim , Silva Tania Maria Sarmento
Published: May 2018

Introduction

Melipona subnitida Ducke (jandaíra) is a stingless bee native to north‐eastern Brazil, which produces geopropolis, a mixture of beeswax, plant resins, pollens and earth that is used for sealing beehives.

Objective

To extend the knowledge on phenolic compounds in fractions obtained by C18‐solid phase extraction (SPE) of nine geopropolis samples from Melipona subnitida collected at different times.

Methodology

Chromatographic profiles of nine samples of geopropolis from jandaíra were analysed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐DAD‐QTOF‐MS/MS) and combined with the use of data‐independent acquisition (MSE) for the profiling and structural characterisation of the phenolic compounds. The isolated compound was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen and carbon (1H‐ and 13C‐NMR).

Results

The present study with geopropolis of jandaíra resulted in the characterisation of 51 phenolics by UPLC‐DAD‐QTOF‐MS/MS: four galloyl glucosides, one ellagic acid, 11 acyl‐hexosides, 23 acyl‐galloyl‐hexosides and 12 flavonoids. The structures of two compounds (1,6‐di‐O‐(E)‐coumaroyl‐2‐O‐galloyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside and 1‐O‐cinnamoyl‐6‐O‐(E)‐coumaroyl‐2‐O‐galloyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside) were established by 1H and the attached proton test (APT) experiments as well as high‐resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectroscopy (HR‐ESI‐MS) analysis.

Conclusion

The geopropolis of jandaíra showed phenolic compounds galloyl hexosides, ellagic acid, acyl‐(cinnamoyl/coumaroyl)‐hexosides, acyl‐(cinnamoyl/coumaroyl)‐galloyl‐hexosides and flavonoids (aglycones and acylated‐O‐glycosides).
Adhesive strengths between glass fiber‐filled ABS and metal in insert molding with engraved and embossed metal surface treatments
Authors: Kim Se Lyn , Lyu Min‐Young
Published: May 2018

Metal and plastic can be bonded in a single molding process by metal insert molding, in which a metal is inserted into a mold and a plastic resin is then injected. However, the adhesive strength at the interface between the metal and plastic is weakened by the difference in the shrinkage ratio and inherent differences between the materials in the metal insert molding. This study reports the treatment of a metal surface that is followed by inserting the metal into a mold to increase the adhesive strength between the metal and glass fiber (GF)‐filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). A laser process was used for an engraving surface treatment and a plating process was performed for an embossed surface treatment of the metal. In addition, the adhesive strength between the metal and GF‐filled ABS was evaluated after the insert molding process was completed. Particles such as glass beads, ceramic beads, artificial diamonds, and aluminum oxides were employed in the plating process. The adhesive strength varied depending on the surface treatment of the metal. In particular, the adhesive strength significantly increased when an undercut shape was formed at the metal surface. The best adhesive strength with GF‐filled ABS was found in the metal specimen plated using aluminum oxide particles. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E93–E100, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Atomic oxygen and hydrogen loss coefficient on functionalized polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, and polytetrafluoroethylene polymers
Authors: Zaplotnik Rok , Vesel Alenka , Mozetič Miran
Published: May 2018

Coefficients for atomic loss of hydrogen and oxygen atoms on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are determined. Measurements are performed in a flowing afterglow with different atom densities between 6 and 60 × 1020 m−3 and in the pressure range between 8 and 200 Pa. The loss coefficients do not depend significantly on the atom density or pressure. For H atoms they are (2.3 ± 0.4) × 10−3, (1.5 ± 0.4) × 10−3, and (8.0 ± 3.0) × 10−4 for PET, PS, and PTFE, respectively, whereas for O‐atoms they are (2.4 ± 1.2) × 10−3, (2.2 ± 1.2) × 10−3, and (1.1 ± 0.6) × 10−3 for PET, PS, and PTFE, respectively. These values are valid after saturation of surfaces with particular atoms.