bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case of tinea corporis caused by a terbinafine‐sensitive Trichophyton indotineae strain in a Vietnamese worker in Japan
Authors: Mochizuki Takashi , Anzawa Kazushi , Bernales‐Mendoza Andrea Marie , Shimizu Akira
Published: September 2024

A 42‐year‐old Vietnamese egg factory worker in Ishikawa prefecture, Japan, presented with itchy concentric erythema on the trunk and left calf. The lesions tested positive by direct potassium hydroxide examination, and two fungal strains were isolated. The isolates produced conidia abundantly and were morphologically indistinguishable from Trichophyton mentagrophytes/interdigitale, but were identified as Trichophyton indotineae by internal transcribed spacer sequence of ribosomal DNA. The lesions were refractory to treatment with topical luliconazole (LLCZ) cream for 4 weeks but subsided with oral itraconazole (ITCZ) 100 mg/day for 4 weeks in combination with topical lanoconazole (LCZ) cream. The lesions recurred 6 weeks after discontinuation of oral ITCZ, and an additional isolate was cultured. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of antimycotics for the isolate cultured at the first visit were: terbinafine (TBF) 0.03 μg/mL, ITCZ 0.015 μg/mL, LLCZ 0.0005 μg/mL, and LCZ 0.002 μg/mL. No TBF‐resistant mutation in the amino acid sequence of squalene epoxidase, i.e., Leu 393 Ser/Phe or Phe 397 Leu, was detected in the isolate. The reason for recalcitrance in this case, despite the isolate's sensitivity to antimycotics, was unclear. Possible factors include insufficient use of the antimycotics, incomplete removal of abundantly produced conidia from the lesions, the patient's environment, and a language gap between the patient and physician hindering communication.
Emulsifying properties of egg proteins: Influencing factors, modification techniques, and applications
Authors: Tian Yujuan , Lv Xiaohui , Oh Deog‐Hwan , Kassem Jihan Mohamed , Salama Mohamed , Fu Xing
Published: September 2024

As an essential food ingredient with good nutritional and functional properties and health benefits, eggs are widely utilized in food formulations. In particular, egg proteins have good emulsification properties and can be commonly used in various food products, such as mayonnaise and baked goods. Egg protein particles can act as stabilizers for Pickering emulsions because they can effectively adsorb at the oil–water interface, reduce interfacial tension, and form a stable physical barrier. Due to their emulsifying properties, biocompatibility, controlled release capabilities, and ability to protect bioactive substances, egg proteins have become ideal carriers for encapsulating and delivering functional substances. The focus of this review is to summarize current advances in using egg proteins as emulsifiers. The effects of influencing factors (temperature, pH, and ionic strength) and various modification methods (physical, chemical, and biological modification) on the emulsifying properties of egg proteins are discussed. In addition, the application of egg proteins as emulsifiers in food products is presented. Through in‐depth research on the emulsifying properties of egg proteins, the optimization of their applications in food, biomedical, and other fields can be achieved.
Effect of withering/spreading on the physical and chemical properties of tea: A review
Authors: Qi Dandan , Shi Yali , Lu Min , Ma Chengying , Dong Chunwang
Published: September 2024

Withering and spreading, though slightly differing in their parameters, share the same aim of moisture reduction in tea leaves, and they have a strong impact on the physical and chemical properties of tea. Even though researchers tend to pay close attention to the characteristic crafts of different teas, increasing investigations begin to focus on the withering process due to its profound effects on the composition and content of quality‐related compounds. This review provides an overview of tea withering process to address questions comprehensively during withering. Hence, it is expected in this review to figure out factors that affect withering results, the way withering influences the physical and chemical properties of withered leaves and tea quality, and intelligent technologies and devices targeted at withering processes to promote the modernization of the tea industry. Herein, several key withering parameters, including duration, temperature, humidity, light irradiation, airflow, and more, are tailored to different tea types, demanding further exploration of advanced withering devices and real‐time monitoring systems. The development of real‐time monitoring technology enables objective and real‐time adjustment of withering status in order to optimize withering results. Tea quality, including taste, aroma, and color quality, is first shaped during withering due to the change of composition and content of quality‐related metabolites through (non)enzymatic reactions, which are easily influenced by the factors above. A thorough understanding of withering is key to improving tea quality effectively and scientifically.
Effects of weir‐induced habitat fragmentation on the diversity and community composition of benthic macroinvertebrates in an agricultural stream
Authors: Lim Sung‐Ho , Do Yuno
Published: September 2024

This research delves into the effects of weir‐induced habitat fragmentation on the diversity and structure of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Topyeong Stream in the Republic of Korea. Through comprehensive zonation, environmental assessments and analyses of macroinvertebrate populations, the study brings to light the significant impact of physical barriers within aquatic ecosystems. Findings reveal notable differences in macroinvertebrate diversity among various stream zones, with alpha diversity measurements demonstrating the significant influence of habitat conditions on biodiversity. Beta diversity analyses uncovered considerable species turnover, pointing to distinct ecological features within fragmented habitats. Mantel tests solidified a significant link between geographical separation and species composition, highlighting the critical impact of spatial isolation arising from habitat fragmentation. The research also pinpointed environmental factors, including habitat size and depth variation, as critical influences on macroinvertebrate community dynamics. Discussions on conservation tactics centered on habitat restoration and forward‐thinking water management strategies aim to counteract the negative consequences of fragmentation and drought. This study emphasizes the essential need for cohesive conservation initiatives to preserve aquatic biodiversity and the functionality of ecosystems amidst human‐induced challenges.
Entrapment of antimicrobial compounds in a metal matrix for crop protection
Authors: Brill Aya , Menagen Barak , Malach Einav , Zelinger Einat , Avnir David , Burdman Saul , Hayouka Zvi
Published: September 2024

Agricultural yields are often limited by damage caused by pathogenic microorganisms, including plant‐pathogenic bacteria. The chemical control options to cope with bacterial diseases in agriculture are limited, predominantly relying on copper‐based products. These compounds, however, possess limited efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel technologies to manage bacterial plant diseases and reduce food loss. In this study, a new antimicrobial agent was developed using a doping method that entraps small bioactive organic molecules inside copper as the metal matrix. The food preservative agent lauroyl arginate ethyl ester (ethyl lauroyl arginate; LAE) was chosen as the doped organic compound. The new composites were termed LAE@[Cu]. Bactericidal assays against Acidovorax citrulli, a severe plant pathogen, revealed that LAE and copper in the composites possess a synergistic interaction as compared with each component individually. LAE@[Cu] composites were further characterised in terms of chemical properties and in planta assays demonstrated their potential for further development as crop protection agents.
Unique episymbiotic relationship between Candidatus Patescibacteria and Zoogloea in activated sludge flocs at a municipal wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Fujii Naoki , Kuroda Kyohei , Narihiro Takashi , Aoi Yoshiteru , Ozaki Noriatsu , Ohashi Akiyoshi , Kindaichi Tomonori
Published: September 2024

Candidatus Patescibacteria, also known as candidate phyla radiation (CPR), including the class‐level uncultured clade JAEDAM01 (formerly a subclass of Gracilibacteria/GN02/BD1‐5), are ubiquitous in activated sludge. However, their characteristics and relationships with other organisms are largely unknown. They are believed to be episymbiotic, endosymbiotic or predatory. Despite our understanding of their limited metabolic capacity, their precise roles remain elusive due to the difficulty in cultivating and identifying them. In previous research, we successfully recovered high‐quality metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs), including a member of JAEDAM01 from activated sludge flocs. In this study, we designed new probes to visualize the targeted JAEDAM01‐associated MAG HHAS10 and identified its host using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The FISH observations revealed that JAEDAM01 HHAS10‐like cells were located within dense clusters of Zoogloea, and the fluorescence brightness of zoogloeal cells decreased in the vicinity of the CPR cells. The Zoogloea MAGs possessed genes related to extracellular polymeric substance biosynthesis, floc formation and nutrient removal, including a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation pathway. The JAEDAM01 MAG HHAS10 possessed genes associated with type IV pili, competence protein EC and PHA degradation, suggesting a Zoogloea‐dependent lifestyle in activated sludge flocs. These findings indicate a new symbiotic relationship between JAEDAM01 and Zoogloea.
Assessing population viability and management strategies for species recovery of the critically endangered Puerto Rican parrot
Authors: Faust L. J. , Martínez T. M. , Parsons A. W. , White T. H. , Valentin R. , Vélez‐Valentín J. , Ramos‐Güivas B. , Nelson S. S. , Lopez M.
Published: September 2024

Recovery of endangered species is challenging and lengthy, especially when it involves reintroduction and dynamic environmental conditions. Because managers often need to decide between many management strategies with uncertain outcomes, periodically assessing progress toward recovery using population viability analysis (PVA) can help guide decision‐making. We developed a PVA for the critically endangered Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata) to evaluate current status and potential future management strategies to reach goals set in the Recovery Plan. Having grown from their nadir of 13 birds in 1976 to 686 in 2021, the recovery effort has made great progress. Using 15 years of data, we built an individual‐based PVA that included interactions between two captive and three wild populations connected via annual releases. If management continues as planned, the wild populations have no to moderate risks of extinction (0–32%) over the next 100 years. However, wild populations remain dependent on releases to sustain growth, and recovery targets for stable population growth and connectivity have not yet been reached. Our analysis suggests that hurricanes are an impediment to reaching recovery targets and impact some wild populations more than others based on geography. Projections with climate‐change‐induced higher hurricane impact resulted in wild populations being less likely to stabilize. We identified demographic rates and associated management strategies that could positively impact wild populations: increasing reproduction (e.g., via increasing artificial nests, improving nest success) and decreasing first‐year mortality (e.g., via targeted predator control). Based on our current understanding of Puerto Rican parrot demographics, species recovery will continue to be management‐dependent unless demographic rates can be altered. As more data are gathered, especially for data‐sparse populations and in the face of environmental change, future iterations of this model can re‐evaluate progress, update management strategies, and provide support for deciding if and when to delist this iconic species.
3D‐printed blood vessels engineered to more closely mimic human vasculature
Authors: Shah Aakash M.
Published: September 2024

Novel bioprinting technique offers strategy for building dense organ systems with complex multilayered vascular networks. Building on a technique called “sacrificial writing in functional tissue,” researchers have developed immature organ systems capable of maintaining rudimentary function and maintaining viability owing to an intricate vascular network.
Microenvironmental host–microbe interactions in chronic inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: Bay Lene , Jemec Gregor Borut , Ring Hans Christian
Published: September 2024

Several microbiome studies have recently demonstrated microbial dysbiosis in various chronic inflammatory skin diseases, and it is considered an important role in the pathogenesis. Although the role of skin dysbiosis in inflammatory skin diseases is debatable, the local microenvironment is considered essential concerning compositional changes and functional alterations of the skin microbiota. Indeed, various local nutrients (e.g., lipids), pH values, water, oxygen, and antimicrobial peptides may affect the level of skin dysbiosis in these skin diseases. In particular, in atopic dermatitis and hidradenitis suppurativa, significant changes in skin dysbiosis have been associated with local aberrant host immune changes. In this review, the potential pathogenic crosstalk between the host and the microbiota is reviewed in relation to the physical, chemical, and biological microenvironments of various chronic inflammatory skin diseases.
Editorial: Plants against animals
Authors: Björnsson Einar S.
Published: September 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Choi et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18116
Exploring the spatial interference effects elicited by social and non‐social targets: A conditional accuracy function approach
Authors: Ponce Renato , Lupiáñez Juan , González‐García Carlos , Casagrande Maria , Marotta Andrea
Published: September 2024

Recent studies employing the spatial interference paradigm reveal qualitative differences in congruency effects between gaze and arrow targets. Typically, arrows produce a standard congruency effect (SCE), with faster responses when target direction aligns with its location. Conversely, gaze targets often lead to a reversed congruency effect (RCE), where responses are slower in similar conditions. We explored this dissociation using the Conditional Accuracy Function (CAF) to assess accuracy across reaction time bins. Using a hierarchical linear mixed modelling approach to compare cropped eyes, and full faces as social stimuli, and arrows as non‐social stimuli, we synthesized findings from 11 studies, which led to three distinct models. The results showed that with non‐social targets, incongruent trials exhibited lower accuracy rates in the first bin than in subsequent bins, while congruent trials maintained stable accuracy throughout the distribution. Conversely, social targets revealed a dissociation within the fastest responses; alongside a general reduction in accuracy for both congruency conditions, congruent trials resulted in even lower accuracy rates than incongruent ones. These results suggest with gaze targets that additional information, perhaps social, in addition to the automatic capture by the irrelevant target location, is being processed during the earlier stages of processing.
Advanced progress of vestibular compensation in vestibular neural networks
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Yuejin , Yang Huajing , Tian E. , Guo Zhaoqi , Chen Jingyu , Qiao Caijuan , Jiang Hongqun , Guo Jiaqi , Zhou Zhanghong , Luo Qing , Shi Shiyu , Yao Hongyi , Lu Yisheng , Zhang Sulin
Published: September 2024

Vestibular compensation is the natural process of recovery that occurs with acute peripheral vestibular lesion. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying vestibular compensation, focusing on the role of the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN), the central hub of the vestibular system, and its associated neural networks. The disruption of neural activity balance between the bilateral MVNs underlies the vestibular symptoms after unilateral vestibular damage, and this balance disruption can be partially reversed by the mutual inhibitory projections between the bilateral MVNs, and their top‐down regulation by other brain regions via different neurotransmitters. However, the detailed mechanism of how MVN is involved in vestibular compensation and regulated remains largely unknown. A deeper understanding of the vestibular neural network and the neurotransmitter systems involved in vestibular compensation holds promise for improving treatment outcomes and developing more effective interventions for vestibular disorders.
Combined use of CLP290 and bumetanide alleviates neuropathic pain and its mechanism after spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Pan Yun‐zhu , Talifu Zuliyaer , Wang Xiao‐xin , Ke Han , Zhang Chun‐jia , Xu Xin , Yang De‐gang , Yu Yan , Du Liang‐jie , Gao Feng , Li Jian‐Jun
Published: September 2024

Aim

We aimed to explore whether the combination of CLP290 and bumetanide maximally improves neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury (SCI) and its possible molecular mechanism.

Methods

Rats were randomly divided into five groups: Sham, SCI + vehicle, SCI + CLP290, SCI + bumetanide, and SCI + combination (CLP290 + bumetanide). Drug administration commenced on the 7th day post‐injury (7 dpi) and continued for 14 days. All rats underwent behavioral assessments for 56 days to comprehensively evaluate the effects of interventions on mechanical pain, thermal pain, cold pain, motor function, and other relevant parameters. Electrophysiological assessments, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence detection were performed at different timepoints post‐injury, with a specific focus on the expression and changes of KCC2 and NKCC1 proteins in the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord.

Results

CLP290 and bumetanide alleviated SCI‐associated hypersensitivity and locomotor function, with the combination providing enhanced recovery. The combined treatment group exhibited the most significant improvement in restoring Rate‐Dependent Depression (RDD) levels. In the combined treatment group and the two individual drug administration groups, the upregulation of potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (K+‐Cl−cotransporter 2, KCC2) expression and downregulation of sodium potassium chloride cotransporter 1 (Na+‐K+‐Cl−cotransporter 1, NKCC1) expression in the lumbar enlargement area resulted in a significant increase in the KCC2/NKCC1 ratio compared to the SCI + vehicle group, with the most pronounced improvement seen in the combined treatment group. Compared to the SCI + vehicle group, the SCI + bumetanide group showed no significant paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) improvement at 21 and 35 dpi, but a notable enhancement at 56 dpi. In contrast, the SCI + CLP290 group significantly improved PWTL at 21 days, with non‐significant changes at 35 and 56 days. At 21 dpi, KCC2 expression was marginally higher in monotherapy groups versus SCI + vehicle, but not significantly. At 56 dpi, only the SCI + bumetanide group showed a significant difference in KCC2 expression compared to the control group.

Conclusion

Combined application of CLP290 and bumetanide effectively increases the ratio of KCC2/NKCC1, restores RDD levels, enhances GABAA receptor‐mediated inhibitory function in the spinal cord, and relieves neuropathic pain in SCI; Bumetanide significantly improves neuropathic pain in the long term, whereas CLP290 demonstrates a notable short‐term effect.
Human cutaneous pythiosis: A case report
Authors: Nutthapan Nutpeera , Sutichaiworapong Wuttinee , Wu Yu‐Hung
Published: September 2024

Human pythiosis is a rarely encountered yet potentially harmful infectious disease. It is mostly caused by Pythium insidiosum, an aquatic fungal‐like organism, and primarily manifests in tropical locales such as India and Thailand. Cutaneous/subcutaneous pythiosis accounts for a small proportion of all clinical forms. The relationship between cutaneous pythiosis and hemoglobinopathy remains uncertain, unlike the vascular form. The histopathology of the disease demonstrates eosinophilic granulomatous inflammation and dense eosinophilic material enveloping the organism, known as the Splendore–Hoeppli phenomenon. These histopathologic characteristics resemble those observed in entomophthoromycosis. Until now, the histopathology of human cutaneous pythiosis has been scarcely delineated in the literature. Herein, we report a case of cutaneous pythiosis in an adult thalassemic agricultural worker who presented with a 2‐month history of a progressive, painful, erythematous infiltrative plaque on the left leg. The definitive diagnosis was ascertained through histopathologic examination and the identification of anti‐P. insidiosum antibodies in the serum utilizing enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. This report demonstrates the exquisite histopathologic findings of a rare case of human cutaneous pythiosis.
Should I stay (home) or should I go (party)? Examination of drinking as a mediator of the relationship between alcohol‐related social media content and adherence to COVID‐19 recommendations among college students
Authors: Steers Mai‐Ly Nguyen , Wickham Robert E. , Ploykao Tanrak , Buchholz William , Tanygin Angela B. , Ward Rose Marie
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The COVID‐19 pandemic impacted young people's drinking. Yet, despite social gatherings posing a known risk for increased contraction, some college students still congregated to drink. Furthermore, some students posted about these drinking events to their public and/or private social media feeds. It is crucial to understand the relationships between posting alcohol‐related content (ARC), drinking and adherence to COVID‐19 recommendations because they may have contributed to the spread of the virus.

Methods

The current interval contingent, 14‐day diary study assessed students' (N = 129) public and private ARC; their drinking; percentage of time wearing a mask and social distancing; and number of people they socialised with during drinking events (total crowd size) each day.

Results

Multilevel structural equation modelling was employed to examine relationships between ARC posting, drinking and behavioural outcomes. On days in which students posted both public and private ARC, they tended to drink more and in turn, reported attending gatherings with larger crowds. Curiously, on days in which students drank more, they indicated more mask wearing and social distancing, and on days in which students posted more private ARC, they also reported larger crowds. Finally, an indirect effect of drinking on the links between public and private ARC and mask wearing, social distancing and total crowd sizes emerged.

Discussion and Conclusions

Findings revealed students continued to post and drink socially despite the risks, which may have encouraged others within their networks to engage in similar risky behaviours. Future public health crises should balance young people's need for social connection with risk mitigation efforts.
Ethical analysis of informed consent methods in longitudinal cohort studies: A Chinese perspective
Authors: Li Kun , Huang Mingtao , Zhai Xiaomei , Wang Chen
Published: September 2024

In longitudinal cohort studies involving large populations over extended periods, informed consent entails numerous urgent challenges. This paper explores challenges regarding informed consent in long‐term, large‐scale longitudinal cohort studies based on the longitudinal and dynamic nature of such research. It analyzes and evaluates widely recognized broad consent and dynamic consent methods, highlighting limitations concerning their ability to adapt to evolving research objectives and participant perspectives. This paper discusses trust‐based informed consent and emphasizes the needs to establish and maintain trust with research participants and to balance information disclosure with respect for participants' autonomy. Informed consent in long‐term studies is an evolving process that must adapt to changing research environments. Based on participant trust, researchers should observe and assess potential research risks. Finally, the paper recommends enhancing institutional credibility, implementing reconsent procedures, and ensuring robust ethical oversight to safeguard participants' rights despite the complexity of modern biomedical research.
Ultra‐processed foods cause weight gain and increased energy intake associated with reduced chewing frequency: A randomized, open‐label, crossover study
Authors: Hamano Shoko , Sawada Mika , Aihara Masakazu , Sakurai Yoshitaka , Sekine Rie , Usami Satoshi , Kubota Naoto , Yamauchi Toshimasa
Published: September 2024

Aim

To elucidate the effects of ultra‐processed foods (UPFs) on body weight and ad libitum energy intake compared with non‐UPFs.

Materials and Methods

In this randomized, open‐label crossover study conducted at the University of Tokyo Hospital, overweight/obese Japanese male participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to start the study with consumption of either UPFs or non‐UPFs for 1 week, followed by a 2‐week washout period, before crossing over to the alternate food diet for 1 week. Individuals with diabetes, hypertension or any other medical conditions who visited a hospital regularly were excluded. The meals were designed to be matched for the total energy and macronutrient levels. The primary outcome was the difference in the body weight change between the UPF and non‐UPF periods. The differences in the average daily energy intake and chewing frequency were assessed as one of the prespecified secondary outcomes.

Results

Nine eligible participants were randomly assigned to start the study with either UPFs or non‐UPFs. All participants completed the study. During the UPF period, participants gained 1.1 kg more weight (95% confidence interval 0.2 to 2.0; P = .021) and consumed 813.5 kcal more per day (342.4 to 1284.7; P = .0041) compared with during the non‐UPF period. Regarding the chewing frequency, the number of chews per calorie was significantly lower during the UPF period (P = .016).

Conclusions

Consumption of UPFs causes significant weight gain. Medical nutritional therapy focused on reducing the consumption of UPFs could be an effective strategy for preventing obesity.
Fire ants mediate competition between scale insects and fruit flies
Authors: Wen Jian , Xiao Lu , Zou Yan , Chen Kewei , Lu Yongyue , Fu Lang , Weng Yiqiang , Cao Fengqin
Published: September 2024

Competition, as an interspecific interaction, significantly influences both species evolution and ecosystem stability; furthermore, its outcome can be shaped by interspecific dynamics and chemical communication.

We studied the orchard populations of mealybugs, Planococcus lilacinus, and fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis, assessing both their damage rates and interactions with fire ants, Solenopsis invicta. We analysed their competitive dynamics across various rearing conditions and identified the chemical cues from honeydew and ant semiochemicals that mediate this competition.

The abundance of S. invicta significantly influenced the damage rates of the pests we studied. An increase in the abundance of S. invicta reduced the damage caused by B. dorsalis but increased that caused by P. lilacinus. Competition in varied rearing environments revealed that B. dorsalis had a superior ability to exploit food resources in the absence of S. invicta. However, the presence of S. invicta reversed this competitive outcome.

Further results showed that P. lilacinus honeydew attracted S. invicta, which in turn deterred B. dorsalis from laying eggs. This suggests a strategy by P. lilacinus to repel B. dorsalis and protect its population. Key honeydew attractants, such as ethyl lactate and cis‐linalooloxide, and repellents, including d‐limonene and dodecanoic acid from S. invicta, were identified.

Our findings highlight the competition between B. dorsalis and P. lilacinus and emphasize the role of S. invicta in mediating these interactions through chemical communication. This contributes to our understanding of how these two pests coexist and has significant implications for developing new pest management strategies.
Gene doping in horse racing and equine sports: Current landscape and future perspectives
Authors: Puchalska Maria , Witkowska‐Piłaszewicz Olga
Published: September 2024

Gene doping, the use of gene therapy or genetic manipulation to enhance athletic performance, has emerged as a potential threat to the integrity and welfare of equine sports, such as horse racing and equestrian sports. This review aims to provide an overview of gene doping in horses, including the underlying technologies, potential applications, detection methods, ethical concerns and future perspectives. By understanding the current landscape of gene doping in horses, stakeholders can work together to develop strategies to safeguard the integrity of equine sports.
The influence of habitat alteration on density of invading white‐tailed deer should not be discounted
Authors: Barnas Andrew , Anholt Brad , Burton A. Cole , Carroll Kathleen , Côté Steeve D. , Festa‐Bianchet Marco , Fryxell John , St‐Laurent Martin‐Hugues , Fisher Jason T.
Published: September 2024

Growing white‐tailed deer populations in Canada's boreal forest are linked to declines of threatened boreal caribou populations. Recent work by Dickie et al. (2024) shows that climate plays a stronger role than anthropogenic habitat alteration in impacting deer white‐tailed deer density, however we contend that these findings are not robust due to insufficient data and the analysis used is sensitive to data scaling approach. We demonstrate approximately equal but opposite effects of climate and alteration on white‐tailed deer population density, and emphasize the importance of robust analyses involving contentious conservation issues.
Chemosensory anhedonia facilitates depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment in late‐life depression
Authors: Li Jiafu , Chen Ben , Wang Qiang , Xu Danyan , Lu Hanna , Lin Gaohong , Yang Mingfeng , Lao Jingyi , Zeng Yijie , Liang Shuang , Yao Kexin , Liu Qin , Huang Yuanling , Liu Xiaoxi , Zhong Xiaomei , Ning Yuping
Published: September 2024

Aim

Chemosensory anhedonia refers to the lack of hedonic ability to experience pleasure through the senses of smell and taste, which reduces the pleasure and comfort of food, and increases the risk of nutritional and immune deficiencies. However, there is no direct scientific evidence regarding chemosensory anhedonia in patients with late‐life depression (LLD). The aim of this study was to investigate chemosensory anhedonia in patients with LLD, and its potential association with depressive symptoms and cognitive function.

Methods

A total of 114 patients with LLD and 92 normal controls were included in this study. They experienced clinical assessment, Chemosensory Pleasure Scale assessment, 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale assessment and cognitive assessments, which contain the Verbal Fluency Test. The associations between chemosensory pleasure and depressive symptoms or cognitive function in patients with LLD were explored using partial correlation analysis and mediation analysis.

Results

The Chemosensory Pleasure Scale scores were lower in the LLD group than in the normal control group, and were negatively correlated with the total scores and factors' scores (retardation, cognitive bias and anxiety/somatization) of the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and positively correlated with the Verbal Fluency Test scores. The scores for the Food and Imagination dimensions of the Chemosensory Pleasure Scale showed partial mediating effects on the differences in Cognitive bias (a factor of the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) between patients with LLD and normal controls.

Conclusions

Patients with LLD showed significant chemosensory anhedonia, and both depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment were associated with the severity of chemosensory anhedonia. Enhancing chemosensory pleasure in patients with LLD could potentially ameliorate their depressive symptoms. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••–••.
Heightened migraine risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A national retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kang Seonyoung , Eun Yeonghee , Han Kyungdo , Jung Jinhyung , Kim Hyungjin , Min Ju‐Hong , Lee Seulkee , Cha Hoon‐Suk , Shin Dong Wook , Lee Jaejoon
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and subsequent migraine risk using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database.

Background

Migraine may be related to immune dysfunction and previous studies have suggested an association with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases; however, the relationship between RA and migraine remains unclear.

Methods

This was a population‐based, nationwide, retrospective, longitudinal cohort study. Participants were enrolled from 2010 to 2017 and followed up until 2019. A total of 42,674 patients who had undergone a health checkup within 2 years prior to the initial diagnosis of RA were included in the study, after applying the exclusion criteria (previous migraine, other rheumatic disease, missing variables of interest). A non‐RA control was obtained by age and sex‐matching (1:5). Finally, 42,644 patients with RA were enrolled, with 213,370 individuals without RA included as controls. Among the patients with RA, 29,744 had seropositive RA (SPRA), and 12,900 had seronegative RA (SNRA). SPRA was defined by the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD‐10) code M05, prescription of disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and enrollment in a special copayment reduction program. SNRA was defined by the ICD‐10 code M06 and prescription of any DMARD. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of migraine incidents, defined using the ICD‐10 code of migraine (G43).

Results

A total of 22,294 migraine cases (17,912/213,370 [8.3%] in controls and 4382/42,674 [10.2%] in RA) were reported during a mean follow‐up of 4.4 years after a 1‐year lag period. Patients with RA had a 1.2‐fold higher risk of migraine compared with controls (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–1.26). Increased risk of migraine was found in both patients with SNRA and SPRA compared with controls (aHR 1.20, CI 1.15–1.24 in SPRA; aHR 1.26, CI 1.19–1.34 in SNRA). Compared to patients with SNRA, those with SPRA did not demonstrate a heightened risk (aHR 0.94, CI 0.88–1.01). A significant interaction was confirmed between covariates (male, current smoker, those with diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia) and the risk of migraine (p for interaction of <0.05).

Conclusion

RA was linked to a higher migraine risk, regardless of seropositivity.
Twofold Theodicy
Authors: Di Ceglie Roberto
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Theodicy is often rejected because a suffering person is hardly interested in abstract arguments—even if these arguments were convincing, they might not change the suffering she is experiencing. I propose a twofold theodicy. First, Christians are invited to promote positive apologetics—they should show the internal consistency of divine revelation, which recommends that they should alleviate suffering and promote flourishing. Second, Christians should develop negative apologetics and show the untenability of objections to the Christian view of evil and suffering, including the seemingly uncontroversial objection that a world without innocent suffering would be better in terms of justice than the one we live in. My argument is that in both positive and negative apologetics believers should be guided by devotion and commitment to God. The more they love and trust God, and consequently believe what God has revealed, the more they are expected to encourage both flourishing and rational confrontation.
Investigating the impact of product‐to‐package volume ratio on strawberry quality within modified humidity packaging systems
Authors: Zhang Qing , Yu Jiang , Wang Zhen
Published: September 2024

To reduce high humidity, minimise postharvest losses and optimise packaging volume, this study examines the effects of different product‐to‐package volume ratios (G/P) in modified humidity packaging systems using perforated containers and moisture conditioning agents. Strawberries were stored at 20 °C and 50% RH for 7 days with G/P ratios of 1:24, 1:12, 1:6 and 1:4, and their sensory and physicochemical properties were evaluated. The results show that moisture‐controlled packaging effectively preserves strawberry quality compared to non‐humidified packaging. Strawberries with a G/P of 1:24 in humidified packs had the best colour, aroma and texture on day 7. Higher G/P ratios correlated with increased quality deterioration. The lowest deterioration rates were observed in the G/P 1:24 and 1:12 groups, which also had the highest levels of vitamin C (54.72 mg/100 g and 55.40 mg/100 g), anthocyanins (1.086 ΔOD g−1 and 0.966 ΔOD g−1) and flavonoids (0.748 ΔOD g−1 and 0.726 ΔOD g−1). Although hardness, TSS and TA showed no significant correlation, these parameters were better in moderate G/P groups (1:12 and 1:6). These findings suggest that combining perforation with humidifiers in packaging can enhance the storage quality of fruits and vegetables while reducing packaging costs.
Effect of green extraction techniques on the quality and functional attributes of protein isolates from cereals and pseudo cereals: a review
Authors: Bharti Priyanka , Mohapatra Minati , Sah Rameswar Prasad , Pradhan Asit , Priyadarsani Supriya , Rayaguru Kalpana
Published: September 2024

Cereals and pseudo cereals (CPC) constitute the main staple diet of the global population. These are great source of carbohydrate, however, ignored as a potential source of protein. Cereals and Pseudo cereals can provide adequate amount of protein if taken in right quantity. Concerns over foods security, nutritional deficiencies, chronic hunger, and sustainability have brought attention to sustainable and alternative sources of protein derived from food and its byproducts. This review explains the extraction of protein from different cereals and pseudo cereals sources, novel extraction techniques, e.g., microwave assisted, ultrasound, pulsed electric field or high‐pressure processing etc., as well as pre‐treatment efficiencies of the recovery of protein, effects of process parameters on the amount of protein extractions, its isolations and possible utilisation in diversified fields. Commercial attempts have been made to extract and use the protein from CPC, but they remain largely underutilised and generally applicable to a small‐scale level. According to the current investigation, protein extraction from CPC is not only an extensive integration of extraction perspectives, process parameters, yield potential and quality, but also should focus on the nutritional aspects, functionality and bioavailability of the separated protein as a desirable dietary component is in the near future.
Screening of fermented milks with Lactococcus and Lactobacillus strains isolated from artisanal Mexican cheeses by the evaluation of the in vitro inhibition of enzymes associated to neurodegeneration
Authors: Castro‐Salomón Maritza , Beltrán‐Barrientos Lilia M. , González‐Córdova Aarón F. , Hernández‐Mendoza Adrián , Torres‐Llanez María J. , Vallejo‐Cordoba Belinda
Published: September 2024

The objective was to evaluate the in vitro inhibition of enzymes related to neurodegeneration (prolyl endopeptidase, PEP; acetylcholinesterase, AChE; butyrylcholinesterase, BChE; lipoxygenase, LOX) and the antioxidant activity from fermented milks (FM) with Lactococcus and Lactobacillus spp. All FM presented antioxidant activity (ABTS and ORAC); however, FM with Lactococcus NRRL B‐50571 (FM‐571) presented higher (P < 0.05) oxidative haemolysis inhibition. Additionally, FM‐571 presented the lowest IC₅₀ for LOX (1.78 mg/mL), PEP (3.16 mg/mL), AChE (3.22 mg/mL) and BChE (2.14 mg/mL). Thus, FM‐571 was selected for in silico analysis for the prediction of binding sites of peptides present in this FM with enzymes active sites. Altogether, thirty peptides showed (P < 0.01) high binding potential to AChE, seventeen to BChE and LOX and sixteen to PEP. Thus, FM‐571 shows potential for the development of dairy products with potential neuroprotective effects.
Effect of carbon dioxide on anthocyanins and sucrose synthesis of red onion (Allium cepa L.) during post‐harvest storage
Authors: Nassarawa Sanusi Shamsudeen , Oluwalana Isaac Babatunde , Rafique Hamad , Alsulami Tawfiq , Nayik Gulzar Ahmad
Published: September 2024

This study examined the impact of CO2 on the quality of onions stored at 23 °C for 6 weeks, focussing on bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, individual anthocyanins, flavonoids and anthocyanin biosynthesis during the storage period. The findings revealed that a 20% CO2 treatment was markedly more effective than the control in maintaining higher levels of phenolics, flavonoids, flavanols and anthocyanins. Moreover, the 20% CO2 treatment preserved significantly higher quantities of individual anthocyanins and flavonoids compared to the control. Throughout storage, the 20% CO2 treatment significantly boosted the activity of enzymes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and sucrose metabolism relative to the control groups. In summary, the innovation of this study lies in the use of CO2 to maximise anthocyanin and flavonoid content in stored onions, which are usually diminished by extended storage at room temperature. This method could help extend the shelf life of onions while preserving their quality attributes.
Fc‐FcγR interactions during infections: From neutralizing antibodies to antibody‐dependent enhancement
Authors: Edgar Julia E. , Bournazos Stylianos
Published: September 2024

Advances in antibody technologies have resulted in the development of potent antibody‐based therapeutics with proven clinical efficacy against infectious diseases. Several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), mainly against viruses such as SARS‐CoV‐2, HIV‐1, Ebola virus, influenza virus, and hepatitis B virus, are currently undergoing clinical testing or are already in use. Although these mAbs exhibit potent neutralizing activity that effectively blocks host cell infection, their antiviral activity results not only from Fab‐mediated virus neutralization, but also from the protective effector functions mediated through the interaction of their Fc domains with Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) on effector leukocytes. Fc‐FcγR interactions confer pleiotropic protective activities, including the clearance of opsonized virions and infected cells, as well as the induction of antiviral T‐cell responses. However, excessive or inappropriate activation of specific FcγR pathways can lead to disease enhancement and exacerbated pathology, as seen in the context of dengue virus infections. A comprehensive understanding of the diversity of Fc effector functions during infection has guided the development of engineered antiviral antibodies optimized for maximal effector activity, as well as the design of targeted therapeutic approaches to prevent antibody‐dependent enhancement of disease.
Harambee as a decolonial digital fundraising approach
Authors: Frimpong Bright , Ayaburi Emmanuel W. , Andoh‐Baidoo Francis Kofi
Published: September 2024

Deployment of digital crowdfunding platforms, which predominantly are designed in line with Western norms, into Indigenous communities often leads to significant cultural tensions. This study uses the Kenyan Indigenous tradition of Harambee to elucidate how these cultural tensions manifest and are navigated in the context of digital crowdfunding. The study employs a qualitative approach, conducting narrative interviews with individuals experienced in both Harambee and digital crowdfunding within the Kenyan context, to advance our understanding of decolonial digital crowdfunding. The findings reveal significant cultural tensions, including those related to inclusive access, diminished communal engagement and erosion of social capital. These tensions highlight the marginalisation of Indigenous cultures and the reinforcement of colonial tendencies in digital spaces. Additionally, the study uncovers the ingenuity of Indigenous users who are integrating Indigenous knowledge and Harambee norms with digital technologies, to balance cultural sensitivity, strengthen technological inclusivity and preserve their communal values within decolonial digital fundraising. This study advances decolonial scholarship by demonstrating how the integration of both Indigenous and local practices with digital technology not only advances digital decoloniality but also enriches the technology's cultural responsiveness. The findings have practical implications for designing inclusive digital crowdfunding platforms that acknowledge and align with local cultural norms.
Hidradenitis suppurativa and its association with obesity, smoking, and diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Elzawawi Khaled E. , Elmakaty Ibrahim , Habibullah Mohammad , Ahmed Mohamed Badie , Al Lahham Salim , Al Harami Sara , Albasti Habib , Alsherawi Abeer
Published: September 2024

Our meta‐analysis aimed to quantify the association between Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and several risk factors including obesity, smoking, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and cumulative index to nursing and allied health literature for articles reporting either the odds ratio (OR) or the numbers of HS cases associated with obesity, smoking, or T2DM, and including HS negative controls. Risk of bias was assessed against the risk of bias in non‐randomized studies of interventions tool. Data synthesis was done using the random effects model with heterogeneity being evaluated with I2 statistic. Twenty‐three studies with a total of 29 562 087 patients (average age of 36.6 years) were included. Ten studies relied on country‐level data, while six studies collected their data from HS clinics. The analysis showed a significant association between HS and female sex (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.89–2.90, I2 = 98.6%), DM (OR 2.78, 95% CI 2.23–3.47, I2 = 98.9%), obesity (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.64–3.74, I2 = 99.9%), and smoking (OR 3.10 95% CI 2.60–3.69, I2 = 97.1%). Our meta‐analysis highlights HS links to sex, DM, obesity, and smoking, with emphasis on holistic management approach. Further research is needed on molecular mechanisms and additional risk factors for improved patient care.
Strategies to improve oxidation resistance of MgO–C refractories by decreasing oxygen potential through MgSiN2
Authors: Meng Fanqiang , Luo Yixin , Liu Zhenglong , Yu Chao , Deng Chengji , Ding Jun
Published: September 2024

MgO–C refractories are of paramount importance in the converter side blowing system, requiring outstanding oxidation resistance under harsh conditions including high temperature, oxygen atmosphere, and high‐speed airflow. In this study, MgSiN2 phase reconstruction was used to improve the oxidation resistance of MgO–C refractories, as well as the mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of MgO–C refractories were evaluated. The results indicated that the cold modulus of rupture of the sample with 9 wt% MgSiN2 was increased by 93.3% compared with the MgO–C refractories without MgSiN2. After oxidation tests, the oxidation index and rate constant (k) of the sample with 9 wt% MgSiN2 were reduced by 38.9% and 35.3%. Furthermore, incorporating MgSiN2 facilitated the formation of layered dense structures consisting of plate‐like Mg‐Sialon and MgO–Mg2SiO4–MgAl2O4. This structural optimization effectively inhibited oxygen diffusion and reaction within the material, resulting in gradual oxygen potential mitigation.