bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXTRACTION AND ACTIVITIES OF CRUDE PROTEASES FROM SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF Aspergillus nigeR GROWN ON VARIOUS AGRO WASTE
Authors: JAFARU KAMARA MURJANATU , MOLTONG YILWA VICTORIA , GODWIN BRIAN ONWUMERE , SANI ABDULSALAMI MUHAMMED , OKPAGA UME AUSTINE
Published: September 2022

Agro-industrial residues are generally considered the best substrates for the solid-state fermentation process. Food processing wastes such as shells of nuts and eggs in Nigeria are usually disposed in dumpsites or are incinerated, causing environmental pollution. This study extracted, estimated and compared enzyme activities from Aspergillus niger under solid-state fermentation (SSF) by utilizing Ground nut shell (GS), Bambara nut shell(BS), Guinea fowl egg shell(GFS) and Layer egg shells (LES) powder as solid substrates. The Agro wastes were dried under the sunlight for four days, ground using a laboratory pestle and mortar separately and sieved to obtain fine powder. The powder was sterilized, supplemented with sodium acetate buffer and pure casein, inoculated with the fungi then left to ferment for six days. The crude extract of the substrates were obtained by filtration and centrifugation. The extracts were assayed for enzyme activity using Sigma Aldrich’s method of assay. The result obtained from the assay demonstrated that proteases were active in all the extracts. However, there was significantdifference (P < 0.05) in protease activities in the samples studied. The result revealed that BS and LES showed the highest enzymatic activities (0.797± 0.035 μ/ml), (0.788 ± 0.028 μ/ml), (0.574 ± 0.032 μ/ml), (0.590± 0.040 μ/ml) at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8ml of the crude enzyme extract volume concentrations respectively followed by GS which had the enzymatic activities (0 .456 ±0.001 μ/ml), (0.391 ± 0.003 μ/ml), (0.335 ± 0.003 μ/ml), (0.205± 0.032 μ/ml) at the volume extract volume concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8ml respectively, meanwhile guinea fowl egg shell had the least enzymatic activities (0.401± 0.028 μ/ml), (0 .336 ± 0.047 μ/ml), (0.250 ± 0.018 μ/ml), (0.255 ± 0.010 μ/ml) at the volume of crude enzyme extract of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8ml respectively. In all the shells the highest proteases activities were recorded at 0.2ml of the crude extract volume concentration and the least proteases activities were recorded at 0.8ml of then crude extract volume concentration. This study has proven that proteases were extracted and active from solid state fermentation of Aspergillus niger grown on various agro waste, Therefore proper utilization of these agro-wastes in industrial and scientific settings will not only serve as means of polluted environmental remediation but also as an iualternative to commercially available substrates for microbial growth.
Comparison of Dynamic Versus Static Lag Screw Modes for Short Cephalomedullary Nails in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ruangsillapanan, MD Naruepol , Rattanakitkoson, MD Tana , Ittimongkonkul, MD Teerayut
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To compare the static locked and sliding proximal lag screw modes of short cephalomedullary nail in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures.
Methods: Ninety-four patients (age>60 years) with low energy unstable intertrochanteric fractures were randomized for treatment into two groups. They were treated with static and sliding proximal lag screw modes of short cephalomedullary nail. The pre-operative variables, operative time, fluoroscopy time, blood loss, tip apex distance, and reduction quality were recorded for each patient. Post-operative follow-ups were undertaken every other week until bone union or implant failure occurred. Plain anteroposterior and lateral radiographs (both hip) were obtained at all visits. Ipsilateral leg length discrepancy (LLD), radiographic union score for hip complications, and fixation failure were recorded.
Results: The mean follow-up time was 16.7 months (range 12–24). The mean bone union times of static locked (n=35) and sliding proximal (n=34) screw mode groups were 12.4 weeks and more than 11.2 weeks, respectively; the difference was not significant (p=0.213). The ipsilateral LLD of the sliding proximal (mean 4 mm) and static locked (mean 2 mm) screw mode groups showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Post-operative complications (lag screw perforated to hip joint, lag screw cutout from the femoral head, and excessive inferolateral lag screw sliding) developed in 8.82% patients in sliding proximal group, whereas, no complications were reported in the static locked group.
Conclusions: Treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fracture using static locked proximal lag screw mode of cephalomedullary nail showed some advantages over sliding proximal lag screw in terms of less complication and ipsilateral LLD; however, the bone union times were not different. Therefore, a static locked proximal screw mode is preferable over sliding proximal screw mode in treating unstable intertrochanteric fractures.
As relações entre a Sequência Fedathi aplicada no ensino de Matemática e o Pensamento Matemático Avançado
Authors: Carmo Fernanda Maria Almeida do , Menezes Daniel Brandão , Borges Neto Hermínio
Published: September 2022

As discussões em torno do ensino de Matemática são constantes e se debruçam sobre as didáticas específicas para essa área. Estudiosos do campo da Educação Matemática buscam elaborar estratégias e metodologias com o intuito de melhorar o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem matemática, focando nos processos de construção do conhecimento. Nessa perspectiva, destacam-se a metodologia de ensino Sequência Fedathi e a teoria do Pensamento Matemático Avançado. A primeira, com foco na atuação docente, transpõe o método científico a situações de ensino, e a segunda descreve aspectos cognitivos acerca do processo do pensamento matemático. Objetivou-se, então, identificar as relações entre a Sequência Fedathi aplicada ao ensino de matemática e a teoria do Pensamento Matemático Avançado. Para isso, partiu-se de um levantamento de estudos que abordassem o tema, por meio de uma Revisão Integrativa como método para busca de dados, a fim de conhecer as discussões já iniciadas. Para prosseguir e aprofundar essas discussões, a análise foi construída com base no método comparativo, com o intuito de ressaltar as similaridades entre as abordagens teóricas da Sequência Fedathi e do Pensamento Matemático Avançado. Entre as relações observadas, identificou-se que ambas estão apoiadas no pensar e no fazer matemático, com foco nas questões de ensino e de aprendizagem matemática que dão origem ao conhecimento. Concluiu-se que a Sequência Fedathi aplicada no ensino de matemática, auxiliando a ação didática do professor, permite que o aluno construa ativamente os conceitos matemáticos, apresentando abordagens apropriadas para promover o Pensamento Matemático Avançado.
A Geometria Dinâmica na sala de aula: possibilidades para o ensino
Authors: Silva Leticia Ferreira da , Sousa Edicarlos Pereira de , Carvalho Rodrigo Lacerda
Published: September 2022

Este estudo mostrou a importância da tecnologia e também como esta pode ser usada de modo favorável no ensino, principalmente no ensino de Matemática, tomando como ferramenta didática o software “Régua e Compasso”. O propósito maior do trabalho foi facilitar, através de tecnologias virtuais, o ensino de trigonometria. Esta pesquisa realizou-se na Escola Juca Lino, localizada no Distrito de São Sebastião, município de Brejo Santo, Ceará, numa turma de 9° ano do ensino fundamental que totalizava 19 alunos. A pesquisa foi de cunho qualitativo, tendo como principal recurso de coleta de dados um questionário. Após a coleta de dados, foi utilizado o software ReC. De início, algumas questões norteadoras foram respondidas pelos alunos: você utiliza da tecnologia em seu cotidiano? O seu professor faz uso das tecnologias nas aulas? Durante as atividades, a pesquisadora instalou o software para que pudesse ser usado com os alunos. Em seguida, foram apresentados e/ou revisados os conteúdos de Ângulos, Teorema de Pitágoras e, por fim, trabalhadas as Razões Trigonométricas que seriam necessárias para a proposta de utilização do software. Dentre os resultados obtidos, pode-se perceber que o professor faz uso exclusivo do livro didático em suas aulas e que a escola não dispõe de recursos tecnológicos suficientes para inovar o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem. Com a utilização do software ReC, observou-se ainda uma grande participação e interesse por parte dos alunos, visto que essa ferramenta se mostrou uma nova alternativa metodológica no ambiente da escola. Percebeu-se, através de observações e dos depoimentos dos alunos, que o software colaborou na aprendizagem de alguns conceitos de geometria, especificamente das Razões Trigonométricas.
The Liability for Attacks against Immovable Cultural Objects in International Criminal Law
Authors: Díaz Pablo Gavira
Published: September 2022

The study aims to highlight the gaps in criminal liability for attacks directed against immovable cultural objects, which raises the question of why the same offence is considered a crime under international law in the case of armed conflict, but not in the absence of it. The destruction of the Buddhas of Bamiyan in 2001 is the classic example of how attacks on protected objects are not always governed by the laws of armed conflict. This episode evidenced that there is a gap at the international level when it comes to crimes against cultural property in peacetime.
Bring deine Idee zum Leuchten
Authors: Hochbahn Astrid
Published: September 2022

Mach dein Ding!

Kreative Menschen wollen sich verwirklichen und etwas Eigenes schaffen – ob künstlerisch oder unternehmerisch. Doch viele wissen nicht, welches Potenzial in ihren Ideen steckt und wie sie sich erfolgreich realisieren lassen.

Das Buch Bring deine Idee zum Leuchten liefert Tools und Methoden, um Ideen zu kreieren, zu formulieren und Schritt für Schritt umzusetzen. Genauso wichtig wie die Umsetzung ist dabei die Entschlossenheit, dranzubleiben und sich nicht von inneren Zweifeln oder ablehnenden Stimmen von außen entmutigen zu lassen.

Die erfahrene Gründungsund Unternehmensberaterin Astrid Hochbahn begleitet mit Leidenschaft kreative Köpfe, die ihre Chance nutzen wollen.

Sie bietet praktikables Know-how von der Vision über das Konzept bis zum Projektmanagement und unterstützt beim Umgang mit Krisen und Kritik.
It's all about CHARISMA
Authors: Deters Christiane
Published: September 2022

In einer Welt voller Veränderungen, Unwägbarkeiten, Komplexität und Widersprüche gewinnt der Mensch, der sich seiner Wirkung auf andere bewusst ist, innere Ruhe und äußere Stärke und erhält im Gegenzug das, was für jedes Charisma typisch ist: Eine Ausstrahlung, die auf andere inspirierend, orientierend und anziehend wirkt.

Um dem Phänomen Charisma auf die Spur zu kommen, beschäftigt sich Christiane Deters mit dem Leben und Wirken von sechs

charismatischen Persönlichkeiten: Coco Chanel, Elisabeth Selbert und Ruth Bader Ginsburg sowie Martin Luther King, Barack Obama und Willy Brandt.

Auf der Grundlage von Biografien, Zeitzeugenberichten, historischem sowie aktuellem Material, setzt sie sich intensiv mit dem jeweiligen Charisma der sechs Persönlichkeiten auseinander. Diese dienen ihr als Role Models für ihren Charisma-Code 5 3/4, der zugleich die Marschroute für die spannende und aufschlussreiche Entdeckungsreise zum eigenen charismatischen Potenzial bildet.

Jedem der sechs Protagonisten wird dabei ein konkreter Charisma-Faktor zugeschrieben, der anhand weiterer eindeutiger Merkmale und Eigenschaften näher beleuchtet wird. Die bemerkenswerte Karriere der Richterin am Obersten Gerichtshof Ruth Bader Ginsburg etwa beruht auf eiserner Disziplin, aber auch auf dem jederzeit respektvollen Umgang mit Gegnern und Kritikern, gepaart mit einem feinen Sinn für Humor. Der Visionär Martin Luther King verfolgte seine angestrebten Ziele und wurde so zu einer Inspiration für eine ganze Generation.
Gründen in 90 Tagen
Authors: Gomm Moritz
Published: September 2022

Viele Menschen sind frustriert im Job und leiden. Weil Karriere und Konsum nicht das versprochene Glück bringen, wollen sie das Hamsterrad verlassen und ihr eigener Chef werden, wissen aber nicht wie.

Der Ratgeber Gründen in 90 Tagen zeigt dir, wie du mit nur einer Aufgabe täglich in 90 Tagen ein eigenes Business aufbaust, ohne dafür gleich deinen Job zu kündigen.

Gründer-Coach Moritz Gomm führt dich in ein freies und selbstbestimmtes Leben. Hol dir deine Leidenschaft zurück und nutze deine brachliegenden Talente, um deinen Lebensunterhalt mit Tätigkeiten zu verdienen, die dich glücklich machen.

Diese praktische Anleitung ist prallvoll gefüllt mit Tipps und Tricks. Die anschaulichen Beispiele erfolgreicher Gründer motivieren und machen Mut: vom Yoga-Studio über Gastronomie bis zum Online-Business, vom Ladengeschäft bis zur KiTa.
Lächeln, Nicken, Kontern
Authors: Kratz Hans-Jürgen
Published: September 2022

Lassen Sie sich nicht provozieren!

Jedem ist es schon passiert: In einem Gespräch, bei einem Meeting oder im alltäglichen Miteinander trifft uns ein Angriff unseres Gegenübers – oftmals unvorbereitet. Überrumpelt und fassungslos ob der verbalen Attacke, verschlägt es uns die Sprache. Im schlimmsten Fall gelingt es uns nicht, unseren Selbstbehauptungswillen abzurufen und uns durchzusetzen, wir geben widerspruchslos auf.

Oder wir zahlen es mit gleicher Münze zurück, indem wir ebenfalls auf unfaire Methoden zurückgreifen, und genießen zunächst eine gewisse Genugtuung. Fraglich ist, ob aus diesem Kampf tatsächlich ein Sieger hervorgeht.

Wollen wir unsere Lebensqualität bewahren und sozialverträglich leben, sollte der Fokus stets auf Sachlichkeit, Respekt und Akzeptanz gelegt werden, ohne sich selbst an die Wand drängen zu lassen oder seine Meinung mit Gewalt durchsetzen zu müssen. Erfolgversprechender ist es, den Gegner kurz in Sicherheit zu wiegen, dann aber eindeutig zu signalisieren: Mit mir nicht!
Feelgood Management
Authors: Kraus-Wildegger Monika
Published: September 2022

Menschlichkeit kultivieren, Bestleistung ernten

Die Digitalisierung zeigt, dass neue Technologien zwar neue Chancen eröffnen – sie zu verwirklichen, bleibt jedoch der Job von Menschen.

Dort, wo Mitarbeiter als Menschen und Leistungsträger wertgeschätzt werden und sich mit Engagement einbringen können, ist exzellente Performance zu Hause. Menschlichkeit zu spüren, bringt in jedem Mitarbeiter das Beste zum Vorschein und macht Unternehmen erfolgreich.

Genau zu dieser Haltung entwickelt Feelgood Management die Praxis. Es unterstützt Unternehmen und ihre Mitarbeiter, die enormen Anforderungen des digitalen Wandels in einem positiven, menschlichen Arbeitsumfeld zu meistern. Feelgood Management schafft ein neues Wir-Gefühl, die Lust am Mitgestalten und das passende Mindset: Wertschätzung, Vertrauen, Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe und Spaß.

Führungskräfte, Angestellte und alle, die wissen wollen, warum Feelgood Management zukunftsrelevant ist, welche Haltung und konkreten Schritte in Organisationen notwendig sind, und welche Rollen der Feelgood Manager hat, erhalten hier die entscheidenden Impulse. Inspirierende Beispiele aus Unternehmen zeigen außerdem, was das System Feelgood Management leisten und bewirken kann.
Poetische Müllszenen
Authors: Hansen Lis
Published: September 2022

Garbage has completely different semantics in a museum showcase than in a forest or a landfill site. Likewise, the proximity of figures to garbage has an essential social and aesthetic impact on them. Therefore, this study focuses on the spatial and figurative effects that are always associated with garbage. Based on works of contemporary literature, it shows how the relationships, proximity or distance of the elements to garbage, as well as their dynamics, essentially constitute both the content-related orientation and the textual constitution of so-called poetic garbage scenes. In doing so, the study reveals four characteristic garbage scenes, in which the poetics of plastic waste, the bottom of society, throwaway acts and compulsive hoarding are unfolded.
Association of sleep-wake rhythm and sleep quality with endothelial function in young adults
Authors: Nakashima Honoka , Noda Akiko , Tamura Anna , Nagai Michiaki , Okuda Masato , Okumura Takahiro , Yasuma Fumihiko , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: September 2022

Objective The environment in modern society could disturb the sleep-wake rhythm. We aimed to study the association of sleep-wake rhythm with endothelial function and sleep quality.

Material and Methods Thirty-one healthy university students (mean age: 20.4±1.8 years) were enrolled. The endothelial function was evaluated with the percent endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery [%FMD: (maximum diameter - baseline diameter)/baseline diameter x 100] using the high-resolution ultrasonography. We also measured the total sleep time (TST), sleep effciency, and the standard deviation (SD) of sleep timing (midpoint between bedtime and wake-up time) using the actigraphy. The irregular sleep-wake rhythm was defined as having the shift of bedtime or wake-up time for two hours or longer.

Results The %FMD and sleep efficiency were significantly lower in the irregular group than regular group (%FMD: 6.1±2.4 vs. 10.9±2.3,p<0.001, sleep effciency: 92.2±5.8 vs. 95.9±2.8%, p=0.027), whereas there was no significant difference in %FMD between the two groups of TST <6 hours and TST ≥6 hours. The %FMD was significantly correlated with SD of sleep timing (r=-0.481, p=0.006). Multiple regression analyses, including age, sex, TST, sleep effciency, and SD of sleep timing revealed that the SD of sleep timing was a significant factor associated with %FMD (ß=-0.454,p=0.017).

Conclusion Our findings suggest that the irregular sleep-wake rhythm and poor sleep quality could have adverse effects on endothelial function in young adults.
O impacto das instituições de moda na contemporaneidade: uma análise da Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode
Authors: Ábile Bárbara Venturini
Published: September 2022

O objetivo da pesquisa é investigar o impacto das ações da Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode (FHCM) no campo global da moda. A instituição foi criada em 1868, em Paris, na França, presidida por costureiros e administradores de algumas maisons de couture, e teve papel central no fomento e na proteção da indústria de vestuário na França, principalmente o sob medida. Existente até hoje, sua missão é promover a “cultura francesa de moda” e reforçar o papel da cidade de Paris como “capital mundial da moda”. As ações da Fédération serão pensadas a partir da estrutura atual do espaço de produção e circulação de bens e agentes da moda. Tal estrutura será interpretada como um campo de dimensão global, que é, por sua vez, formado por diversos campos nacionais. Ainda que haja uma interdependência de tais campos, parece haver uma maior influência do campo francês nas definições e tomadas de decisão desse campo global. Uma vez que a FHCM é o agrupamento de moda de maior relevância na França atualmente, a ideia é apontar como as ações da referida instituição são uma tentativa de reprodução e manutenção da estrutura desse campo. A metodologia da pesquisa consiste em análise de documentos e arquivos da FHCM; consulta aos meios pelos quais ela faz sua comunicação; e investigação a partir de bibliografias de cunho multidisciplinar. A análise desse material será realizada a partir de um arcabouço teórico da sociologia.
A recusa da maternidade nos embates entre o corset e a função reprodutiva
Authors: Pereira Roseana Sathler Portes
Published: September 2022

O presente trabalho se trata de um desdobramento da pesquisa de mestrado da autora e se propõe a investigar, através dos estudos de Elizabeth Badinter (1985), as relações entre a amamentação materna e as críticas moralistas direcionadas ao uso de stays e corsets, que se dão principalmente na França, Inglaterra e Alemanha urbanas do século XVIII e XIX. A pesquisa qualitativa com fontes bibliográficas e museológicas, demonstra que as preocupações do Estado com a manutenção e incremento do capital humano impactaram a forma como tais vestimentas foram percebidas. As alterações que se deram na modelagem e estrutura de stays e corsets são, portanto, testemunhas do processo responsável por inscrever as práticas da maternidade no interior da noção de feminilidade.
El nuevo Protocolo de Estambul: guía de uso y consulta para el trabajador apresurado
Authors: Perez-Sales Pau
Published: September 2022

Editorial del Editor, Pau Pérez-Sales, introduce la nueva versión del Protocolo de Istanbul.
Stationary shoulder friction stir welding of military aircraft sheet alloys
Authors:   , Puckrin Emma Louise
Published: September 2022

Stationary Shoulder Friction Stir Welding (SSFSW) allows joining of materials without the addition of mass and could be a potential solution to expedient helicopter repair in operational theatre. This research considers the suitability for SSFSW of two aluminium alloys commonly used within the Merlin helicopter airframe, AA8090 and BS L165. Techniques including optical microscopy, hardness, tensile and fatigue testing were used to characterise the two alloys and to establish a baseline for comparison with the welded specimens. The welds were performed in four configurations, with each welded both parallel and perpendicularly to the material’s rolling direction. This was in an effort to establish: the alloy’s suitability for SSFSW in both similar and dissimilar welds; the effect of changing the alloy positioned on the advancing side; and the influence of the material rolling direction on the quality of the weld. Techniques similar to those used in the material characterisation were used to determine the quality of each configuration. Encouraging tensile and fatigue strength results were achieved, especially for the similar materials welds with BS L165 welded parallel to the rolling direction achieving over 100% UTS weld efficiency. Inconsistent quality including the presence of kissing bonds was, however, observed. When welding parallel to the rolling direction, stronger welds were produced with BS L165 positioned on the advancing side. The presence of kissing bonds made analysis of those welded perpendicular to the rolling direction inconclusive. The material rolling direction also had an effect on the weld, as demonstrated through differences in weld appearance, degree of mixing of materials and tensile and fatigue test results. Additionally, a relationship between hardness and tensile strength was determined which revealed close correlation between the governing equation and the test results, with only 7% scatter. This will allow for prediction of tensile strength, based on the measured hardness, when the materials are joined using SSFSW.
Relación entre la transferencia de conocimiento y la innovación: resultados de un estudio empírico en industrias intensivas en conocimiento
Authors: Palacios-Marqués Daniel , Peris-Ortiz Marta , Rueda-Armengot Carlos
Published: September 2022

El artículo analiza el efecto que tienen diversas variables antecedentes como son la visión holística de la organización, la gestión por competencias, el aprendizaje continuo y la infraestructura técnica de las tecnologías de la información en la transferencia de conocimiento y como ello repercute sobre el desempeño innovador. A través de una encuesta realizada a 222 empresas pertenecientes a las industrias de biotecnología y telecomunicaciones se comprueban todas las hipótesis planteadas, destacando el papel mediador que ejerce la transferencia de conocimiento. La metodología utilizada es la de los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, y los resultados tienen aplicación práctica para los directivos de las empresas analizadas ya que para transferir conocimiento es necesario incidir en la creación de una visión holística en la organización, la gestión por competencias, el fomento del aprendizaje continuo y la mejora de la infraestructura técnica de las tecnologías de la información. Además se ha demostrado que aquellas empresas que diseminan adecuadamente su conocimiento obtienen mejores resultados en innovación.
La relación entre el cambio organizativo, los mecanismos de coordinación y los sistemas de incentivos en diferentes industrias
Authors: Galán José Ignacio , Sánchez-Bueno María José , Zúñiga-Vicente José Ángel
Published: September 2022

Este estudio explora el cambio organizativo en diferentes entornos industriales en términos de cómo evolucionan los mecanismos de coordinación con atención al papel que los sistemas de incentivos pueden desempeñar como determinantes de dicho proceso de cambio. El contexto empírico está constituido por dos grandes empresas españolas pertenecientes a diferentes industrias. Una de ellas pertenece a una industria altamente intensiva en tecnología (química y biotecnología), mientras que la otra pertenece a una más tradicional, altamente intensiva en trabajo (textil). Nuestros resultados muestran que la incorporación de elementos de redes en las nuevas formas de organización supone un papel más importante para los sistemas de incentivos vinculados a aspectos culturales, sociales y psicológicos que van más allá del enfoque contractual. Asimismo, nuestro estudio revela que durante los procesos de cambio organizativo las empresas deberían introducir sistemas de incentivos que permitan la coexistencia de acciones de exploración y explotación. En este sentido, sugerimos que en contextos más tradicionales, las empresas deberían dar mayor importancia a los sistemas de incentivos que permitan mantener las actividades de explotación (lo que puede conseguirse a través de los sistemas basados en el rendimiento), mientras que en entornos más innovadores se le debería atribuir una mayor importancia a los sistemas de incentivos que favorezcan las acciones de exploración (lo que puede conseguirse mediante los sistemas basados en la jerarquía).
La influencia de los factores macroeconómicos sobre la estrategia de diversificación corporativa: Datos empíricos de empresas de comercio público de EE.UU. pertenecientes al período comprendido entre
Authors: Otero Serrano Juan
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación es establecer si existe alguna relación entre los motivos que impulsan a una empresa a iversificarse y las condiciones macroeconómicas que la rodean. Para medir la influencia, si la hubiera, de los factores económicos sobre la decisión de diversificación de las empresas, se emplean varios modelos multifactoriales. La variación anual del número de segmentos por empresa (Crecimiento seg.), indicador del nivel de diversificación, se calcula de acuerdo con algunos índices económicos. El período de estudio se divide en subperíodos que se basan en los mercados alcista y bajista, como se definen en la Teoría de Dow, y en el análisis de renta variable de Standard & Poors (Standard & Poors Equity Research). Los resultados de los modelos de regresión sugieren que las malas condiciones macroeconómicas influyen en la decisión de diversificación de las empresas. La media anual del número de segmentos durante los períodos de mercado bajista es significativamente mayor que la de los períodos de mercado alcista. Estos resultados indican que las empresas tienden a diversificarse cuando las condiciones económicas son negativas. Una posible explicación es que cuando la empresa se enfrenta a riesgos económicos y financieros, la diversificación podría ser la solución para reducir riesgos o explotar nuevas oportunidades de producción.
La percepción de la RSC, ¿depende del país? Un estudio sobre la reputación de las empresas españolas en América Latina sobre la base de la RSC
Authors: Farber Vanina Andrea , Charles Vincent
Published: September 2022

Las empresas españolas desempeñan un papel fundamental y omnipresente en las economías de América Latina. El objetivo principal de este ensayo es determinar si existen variaciones en la percepción de los latinoamericanos respecto a la valoración de las empresas españolas sobre la base de criterios de responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC) mediante la identificación de parámetros clave que diferencian a los distintos países. La sociedad juzga a las empresas más allá de sus capacidades para maximizar las ganancias (Friedman, 1970).

Hemos observado que Argentina y Chile han tenido una valoración más negativa queMéxico y Brasil sobre el comportamiento de las empresas españolas respecto de los derechos humanos y el medio ambiente. Podemos agregar a Perú a la visión negativa en cuanto a la percepción de los involucrados en asuntos de corrupción. Asimismo, estos países perciben un doble estándar: las empresas españolas se comportan peor en sus tierras que en España. Una mayor proporción de personas en Argentina y Chile respaldan la regulación gubernamental de las actividades de RSC, la cual responde a la visión negativa del comportamiento de las empresas. México y Brasil tienen una visión más positiva de prácticamente todos los criterios de RSC incluidos en el modelo. Perú tiene una mejor valoración que México y Brasil únicamente en cuanto a la percepción de la forma en que las empresas españolas se comportan con sus clientes. En lo que concierne a todos los demás criterios, Perú se comporta como un país más moderado que comparte opiniones con ambos grupos según la temática. Los resultados de la identificación de criterios específicos de RSC que ayuden a diferenciar las percepciones de los países, podrían ayudar a las empresas españolas a mejorar su reputación corporativa en función de las prioridades de los clientes en cada país. Por lo que este tema ha sido abordada a través del análisis Discriminante Multivariado.

Palabras clave: Responsabilidad social corporativa, análisis discriminante, América Latina, empresas españolas.
Velocidad, coordinación y comportamientos individualistas: un estudio piloto de modelo NK para investigar los efectos moderadores de la estructura organizacional en el rendimiento de firmas individual
Authors: Pinto Cornejo Pablo E. , Montecinos A. Jorge G. , Hine Damian , Knights Peter , Valdebenito Ped Felipe
Published: September 2022

Una preocupación central dentro del campo del diseño organizacional es el estudio del nexo existente entre estructura, innovación y el desempeño de firmas individuales. El entendido básico es que estructuras descentralizadas son más adecuadas para fomentar innovación y cambio. Sin embargo, esto se produce a expensas de la eficiencia. Por el contrario, aquellas organizaciones que centralizan las decisiones aparecen mejor adaptadas funcionalmente para alcanzar altos niveles de eficiencia, pero a costa de una mayor inercia. Tomando estas dos formas como tipos extremos de organización, la pregunta sobre cuánto de cada estructura es necesaria para crear una configuración que asegure rendimientos satisfactorios en el largo plazo sigue siendo una incógnita. Este estudio piloto intenta responder a esta pregunta utilizando un modelo NK. Nuestros resultados muestran que la búsqueda de nuevas oportunidades se ve facilitada por mayores niveles de descentralización, mientras que una estructura que combina ambas características aporta el mayor rendimiento a largo plazo. Los resultados indican, además, que configuraciones organizativas complejas logran bajos rendimientos. Esto apunta a problemas de coordinación. Se introducen supuestos de teoría de juegos para cuantificar los riesgos de estructuras descentralizadas.
Initial severity of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH): Trend over time
Authors: Sung Seung Bin , Kim Young Deok , Ban Seung Pil , Lee Yong Jae , Kwon O-Ki
Published: September 2022

Objective: The trend in the initial severity of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate whether there was an improvement in the initial severity of SAH over time.Methods: From January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2020, we identified patients who visited the emergency department of our institution with SAH due to intracranial aneurysm rupture. We identified the Hunt Hess (HH) grade and modified Fisher grade of each patient from the medical records, and the Mann-Kendal method was used to estimate the trend of each grade system.Results: A total of 547 patients with SAH were identified. The mean age of the patients was 59.3 years (standard deviation (SD), 14.6). The mean aneurysm size was 6.9 mm (SD, 4.6 mm). The most frequent aneurysm location was the anterior communicating artery (28.7%). In the Mann-Kendal estimates for the analysis of the trend, there was no statistically significant grade throughout the HH and modified Fisher grades. Similarly, there was no improvement throughout all grades in the modified Fisher grade over time.Conclusions: The initial severity of SAH due to cerebral aneurysm rupture did not improve over time.
Key performance areas and indicators perceived to be critical for Information Science roles in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Mabe Kagiso , Bwalya Kelvin
Published: September 2022

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has changed the rules of competition, resulting in organisations needing new and improved business strategies. The execution of these strategies is critical to organisational success. One way of ensuring that employees execute strategies optimally is by developing key performance areas (KPAs) and key performance indicators (KPIs). This study focused on the IKM related departments or teams. Thus, the study aimed to determine KPAs and KPIs needed by IKM teams for success in the 4IR. To fulfil the aim of the study, the researchers took on a Delphi study where experts participated in two rounds of data collection. One was to identify the KPAs and KPIs necessary for IKM teams, and the second was to get the experts to share their thoughts on each other's views regarding KPAs and KPIs necessary for success in the 4IR. The experts identified 54 KPAs and 33 KPIs in total. Individual organisations should undertake further research to determine whether they help them achieve optimum success. Furthermore, there is a need to decide whether they need to update the existing KPAs and KPIs or not.
Balance between breadth and depth in human many-alternative decisions
Authors: Vidal Alice , Soto-Faraco Salvador , Moreno-Bote Rubén
Published: September 2022

Many everyday life decisions require allocating finite resources, such as attention or time, to examine multiple available options, like choosing a food supplier online. In cases like these, resources can be spread across many options (breadth) or focused on a few of them (depth). Whilst theoretical work has described how finite resources should be allocated to maximize utility in these problems, evidence about how humans balance breadth and depth is currently lacking. We introduce a novel experimental paradigm where humans make a many-alternative decision under finite resources. In an imaginary scenario, participants allocate a finite budget to sample amongst multiple apricot suppliers in order to estimate the quality of their fruits, and ultimately choose the best one. We found that at low budget capacity participants sample as many suppliers as possible, and thus prefer breadth, whereas at high capacities participants sample just a few chosen alternatives in depth, and intentionally ignore the rest. The number of alternatives sampled increases with capacity following a power law with an exponent close to 3/4. In richer environments, where good outcomes are more likely, humans further favour depth. Participants deviate from optimality and tend to allocate capacity amongst the selected alternatives more homogeneously than it would be optimal, but the impact on the outcome is small. Overall, our results undercover a rich phenomenology of close-to-optimal behaviour and biases in complex choices.
Solute exchange through gap junctions lessens the adverse effects of inactivating mutations in metabolite-handling genes
Authors: Monterisi Stefania , Michl Johanna , Hulikova Alzbeta , Koth Jana , Bridges Esther M , Hill Amaryllis E , Abdullayeva Gulnar , Bodmer Walter F , Swietach Pawel
Published: September 2022

Growth of cancer cells in vitro can be attenuated by genetically inactivating selected metabolic pathways. However, loss-of-function mutations in metabolic pathways are not negatively selected in human cancers, indicating that these genes are not essential in vivo. We hypothesize that spontaneous mutations in ‘metabolic genes’ will not necessarily produce functional defects because mutation-bearing cells may be rescued by metabolite exchange with neighboring wild-type cells via gap junctions. Using fluorescent substances to probe intercellular diffusion, we show that colorectal cancer (CRC) cells are coupled by gap junctions assembled from connexins, particularly Cx26. Cells with genetically inactivated components of pH regulation (SLC9A1), glycolysis (ALDOA), or mitochondrial respiration (NDUFS1) could be rescued through access to functional proteins in co-cultured wild-type cells. The effect of diffusive coupling was also observed in co-culture xenografts. Rescue was largely dependent on solute exchange via Cx26 channels, a uniformly and constitutively expressed isoform in CRCs. Due to diffusive coupling, the emergent phenotype is less heterogenous than its genotype, and thus an individual cell should not be considered as the unit under selection, at least for metabolite-handling processes. Our findings can explain why certain loss-of-function mutations in genes ascribed as ‘essential’ do not influence the growth of human cancers.
The backbone symptoms of depression: a network analysis after the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Macao
Authors: Zhao Yan-Jie , Bai Wei , Cai Hong , Sha Sha , Zhang Qinge , Lei Si Man , Lok Ka-In , Chow Ines Hang Iao , Cheung Teris , Su Zhaohui , Balbuena Lloyd , Xiang Yu-Tao
Published: September 2022

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted the working lives of Macau residents, possibly leading to mental health issues such as depression. The pandemic served as the context for this investigation of the network structure of depressive symptoms in a community sample. This study aimed to identify the backbone symptoms of depression and to propose an intervention target.

Methods

This study recruited a convenience sample of 975 Macao residents between 20th August and 9th November 2020. In an electronic survey, depressive symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Symptom relationships and centrality indices were identified using directed and undirected network estimation methods. The undirected network was constructed using the extended Bayesian information criterion (EBIC) model, and the directed network was constructed using the Triangulated Maximally Filtered Graph (TMFG) method. The stability of the centrality indices was evaluated by a case-dropping bootstrap procedure. Wilcoxon signed rank tests of the centrality indices were used to assess whether the network structure was invariant between age and gender groups.

Results

Loss of energy, psychomotor problems, and guilt feelings were the symptoms with the highest centrality indices, indicating that these three symptoms were backbone symptoms of depression. The directed graph showed that loss of energy had the highest number of outward projections to other symptoms. The network structure remained stable after randomly dropping 50% of the study sample, and the network structure was invariant by age and gender groups.

Conclusion

Loss of energy, psychomotor problems and guilt feelings constituted the three backbone symptoms during the pandemic. Based on centrality and relative influence, loss of energy could be targeted by increasing opportunities for physical activity.
Safety and Immunogenicity Outcomes of an Inactivated Viral Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 (Covaxin®)
Authors: Sinha Parul , Gupta Megha , Vijayvergia Varunika , Jain Sushil ZKumar , Jain Dinesh Kumar , Gupta Sandeep , Rathore Monika , Vyas Nitya
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Bharat Biotech International Ltd in partnership with National Institute of Virology (NIV), has developed an indigenous whole virion inactivated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral vaccine BBV-152 (Covaxin®), formulated with Toll Like Receptors 7/8 agonist Imidazoquinoline (IMDG) molecule adsorbed to alum (Algel). Variety of factors other than environmental ones can affect vaccines efficiency outside the strict setting of clinical trials, like how the vaccine is stored or transported, and even how patients are vaccinated. In addition, the intrinsic capacity of the recipient to respond to a vaccine which is determined by sex, genetic factors, age, psychological stress, nutrition and other diseases are also likely to have an impact. Aim: To determine the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the inactivated whole virus vaccine (Covaxin®) amongst hospital-based population groups. Materials and Methods: The prospective analytical study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, from January 2021 to March 2021.The study primarily included Healthcare Workers (HCWs) employed at SMS Medical college and attached hospitals. In-vitro quantitative IgG antibodies against SARSCoV-2 spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) were measured using Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) based Advia centaur SARS-CoV-2 IgG, manufactured by Siemens Pvt Ltd, Munich, Germany, as per manufacture’s instructions. Results: Out of total 223 individuals, 61.88 % (138/223) showed neutralising antibody titre of >1 index value by CLIA, rest 38.12% (85/223) were non reactive i.e., titre <1 index value, after four weeks of receiving first dose of Covaxin®. After 2 to 4 weeks of receiving second dose 84.30% (188/223) showed neutralising antibody titre of >1 index value by CLIA, rest 15.70% (35/223) were non reactive i.e., titre <1 index value. After receiving first dose, 100% (223/223) of the participants developed localised pain and bodyache 33.63% (75/223). None of the participants showed any anaphylactic reaction or any emergency condition just after vaccination. Conclusion: Covaxin® is a well-tolerated vaccine, and induces good humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 with a significant rise in the neutralising antibody titres.
(anal)ise da repercussão sobre a ozonioterapia retal como tratamento de Covid-19
Authors: Martins Igor Micheletto , Pisani Mariane da Silva
Published: September 2022

Os anos 2020 e 2021 foram vivenciados, no mundo, sob o prisma do medo do contágio e da morte pelo vírus da COVID-19, mais conhecido como Coronavirus. No Brasil movimentos negacionistas ganharam força ao afirmar que esta doença tratava-se de uma “gripezinha” inofensiva, da mesma forma sugeriu-se o uso de remédios ineficazes para o tratamento do vírus como, por exemplo, ivermectina, cloroquina, azitromicina e ozonioterapia retal. Nosso objetivo neste artigo é analisar as repercussões a respeito da ozonioterapia retal para tratamento de COVID-19. A análise será feita a partir das teorias de gênero e sexualidade, especificamente as políticas anais de Saez e Carrascosa (2016). Para subisidiar o debate elencamos alguns conteúdos que marcam a repercussão da ozonioterapia anal: uma charge coletada na rede social Twitter, comentários e reportagens veiculadas na midias (imprensa) e um vídeo em que o então presidente do Brasil, Jair Bolsonaro, comenta o tratamento. Lançamos mão de algumas perguntas que orientam nossa argumentação: Qual ou quais são as conexões entre o cu e a COVID-19? O que pode um cu contaminado ou um cu em risco de se contaminar? Por que o tratamento via anal causaria tanto constrangimento em partes da população?
“A flor do amadurecimento”:
Authors: Rios Luís Felipe
Published: September 2022

O texto discute resultados de inquérito comportamental com 380 homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) e entrevistas narrativas com vinte dos respondentes do inquérito sobre experiências sexuais na infância. As primeiras experiências sexuais relatadas ocorreram na segunda infância e tinham o sentido de brincadeiras. Até os 12 anos, 46,8% dos respondentes relataram ter dado o primeiro beijo na boca, 46,3% realizado carícias mútuas (sarração) e 36,3% masturbação solitária (punheta). As práticas penetrativas (sexo oral e anal) tiveram menores frequências, concentrando-se por volta dos 12 anos. Nas narrativas, as práticas penetrativas estiveram relacionadas a um reposicionamento subjetivo, em que as crianças tinham mais consciência sobre os significados da sexualidade do mundo adulto,  sentiam-se prontas corporal e subjetivamente (dominavam a malícia) para a realização do tesão com outros garotos, geralmente um amigo mais velho. A análise aponta para a centralidade das estilizações de gênero e de idade na formação de desejos e parcerias. Também chama atenção paras as investidas estigmatizantes da família, vizinhança, igreja e escola, cujo efeito é expresso no sentimento de confusão e produz uma variedade de cicatrizes subjetivas, como depressão, ideações e tentativas de suicídio. Situações que pedem robustas ações de garantia dos direitos sexuais das crianças com práticas homossexuais e transgêneras.
Management of Heart Failure
Authors: Belkin Mark N. , Cifu Adam S. , Pinney Sean
Published: September 2022

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the 2022 ACC/AHA/HFSA guidelines for management of heart failure in adults with a diagnosis of or at risk for heart failure.
Geospatial Analysis of Organ Transplant Referral Regions
Authors: Schappe Tyler , Peskoe Sarah , Bhavsar Nrupen , Boulware L. Ebony , Pendergast Jane , McElroy Lisa M.
Published: September 2022

Importance

System and center-level interventions to improve health equity in organ transplantation benefit from robust characterization of the referral population served by each transplant center. Transplant referral regions (TRRs) define geographic catchment areas for transplant centers in the US, but accurately characterizing the demographics of populations within TRRs using US Census data poses a challenge.

Objective

To compare 2 methods of linking US Census data with TRRs—a geospatial intersection method and a zip code cross-reference method.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study compared spatial congruence of spatial intersection and zip code cross-reference methods of characterizing TRRs at the census block level. Data included adults aged 18 years and older on the waiting list for kidney transplant from 2008 through 2018.

Exposures

End-stage kidney disease.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Multiple assignments, where a census tract or block group crossed the boundary between 2 hospital referral regions and was assigned to multiple different TRRs; misassigned area, the portion of census tracts or block groups assigned to a TRR using either method but fall outside of the TRR boundary.

Results

In total, 102 TRRs were defined for 238 transplant centers. The zip code cross-reference method resulted in 4627 multiple-assigned census block groups (representing 18% of US land area assigned to TRRs), while the spatial intersection method eliminated this problem. Furthermore, the spatial method resulted in a mean and median reduction in misassigned area of 65% and 83% across all TRRs, respectively, compared with the zip code cross-reference method.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, characterizing populations within TRRs with census block groups provided high spatial resolution, complete coverage of the country, and balanced population counts. A spatial intersection approach avoided errors due to duplicative and incorrect assignments, and allowed more detailed and accurate characterization of the sociodemographics of populations within TRRs; this approach can enrich transplant center knowledge of local referral populations, assist researchers in understanding how social determinants of health may factor into access to transplant, and inform interventions to improve heath equity.
Monthly Cost-Sharing Limits and Out-of-pocket Costs for Commercially Insured Patients in the US
Authors: Shafer Paul R. , Horný Michal , Dusetzina Stacie B.
Published: September 2022

This cross-sectional study assesses how much monthly cost-sharing limits, as opposed to annual limits, could reduce out-of-pocket costs for commercially insured patients in the US.