bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ℳcTEQ (ℳ chiral perturbation theory-compatible deconfinement Temperature and Entanglement Entropy up to terms Quartic in curvature) and FM (Flavor Memory)
Authors: Yadav Gopal , Yadav Vikas , Misra Aalok
Published: October 2021

Abstract

A (semiclassical) holographic computation of the deconfinement temperature at intermediate coupling from (a top-down) ℳ-theory dual of thermal QCD-like theories, has been missing in the literature. In the process of filling this gap, we demonstrate a novel UV-IR connection, (conjecture and provide evidence for) a non-renormalization beyond one loop of ℳ-chiral perturbation theory [1]-compatible deconfinement Temperature, and show equivalence with an Entanglement (as well as Wald) entropy [2] computation, up to terms Quartic in curvature (R). We demonstrate a Flavor-Memory (FM) effect in the ℳ-theory uplifts of the gravity duals, wherein the no-braner ℳ-theory uplift retains the “memory” of the flavor D7-branes of the parent type IIB dual in the sense that a specific combination of the aforementioned quartic corrections to the metric components precisely along the compact part (given by S3 as an S1-fibration over the vanishing two-cycle S2) of the non-compact four-cycle “wrapped” by the flavor D7-branes, is what determines, e.g., the Einstein-Hilbert action at O(R4). The aforementioned linear combination of 𝒪(R4) corrections to the ℳ-theory uplift [3, 4] metric, upon matching the holographic result from ℳχPT [1] with the phenomenological value of the coupling constant of one of the SU(3) NLO χPT Lagrangian of [5], is required to have a definite sign. Interestingly, in the decompactification (or “MKK → 0”) limit of the spatial circle in [1] to recover a QCD-like theory in four dimensions after integrating out the compact directions, we not only derive this, but in fact obtain the values of the relevant 𝒪(R4) metric corrections. Further, equivalence with Wald entropy for the black hole in the high-temperature ℳ-theory dual at 𝒪(R4) imposes a linear constraint on a similar linear combination of the abovementioned metric corrections. Remarkably, when evaluating the deconfinement temperature from an entanglement entropy computation in the thermal gravity dual, due to a delicate cancellation between the contributions arising from the metric corrections at 𝒪(R4) in the ℳ theory uplift along the S1-fiber and an S2 (which too involves a similar S1-fibration) resulting in a non-zero contribution only along the vanishing S2 surviving, one sees that there are consequently no corrections to Tc at quartic order in the curvature supporting the conjecture made on the basis of a semiclassical computation.
Anterior Pituitary Volume in Patients with Transfusion Dependent Anemias: Volumetric Approaches and Relation to Pituitary MRI‑R2
Authors: Berliner Christoph , Wang Zhiyue J. , Singer Sylvia T. , Grosse Regine , McDonough Rosalie V. , Padua Eric , Yuan Qing , Weyhmiller Marcela , James Ellen , Vichinsky Elliott , Adam Gerhard , Yamamura Jin , Bannas Peter , Fischer Roland , Schoennagel Bjoern P.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Anterior pituitary iron overload and volume shrinkage is common in patients with transfusion-dependent anemia and associated with growth retardation and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. We investigated the accuracy of different MRI-based pituitary volumetric approaches and the relationship between pituitary volume and MRI-R2, particularly with respect to growth and hypogonadism.

Methods

In 43 patients with transfusion-dependent anemia (12–38 years) and 32 healthy controls (12–72 years), anterior pituitary volume was measured by a sagittal T1 GRE 3D sequence at 1.5T and analyzed by 3D semi-automated threshold volumetry (3D-volumetry). This reference method was compared with planimetric 2D-volumetry, approximate volume calculations, and pituitary height. Using a multiple SE sequence, pituitary iron as MRI-R2 was assessed by fitting proton signal intensities to echo times. Growth and hypogonadism were obtained from height percentile tables and patients’ medical charts. From body surface area and age adjusted anterior pituitary volumes of controls, Z‑scores were calculated for all subjects. Separation of controls and patients with respect to Z and pituitary R2 was performed by bivariate linear discriminant analysis.

Results

Tuned 2D volumes showed highest agreement with reference 3D-volumes (bias −4.8%; 95% CI:−8.8%|−0.7%). A linear discriminant equation of Z = −17.8 + 1.45 · R2 revealed optimum threshold sensitivity and specificity of 65% and 100% for discrimination of patients from controls, respectively. Of correctly classified patients 71% and 75% showed hypogonadism and growth retardation, respectively.

Conclusion

Accurate assessment of anterior pituitary size requires 3D or precise 2D volumetry, with shorter analysis time for the latter. Anterior pituitary volume Z‑scores and R2 allow for the identification of patients at risk of pituitary dysfunction.
Verfügbarkeit von Patienteninformationen in der Notaufnahme
Authors: Born J. , Bohn A. , Kümpers P. , Juhra C.
Published: October 2021

Hintergrund

Gerade in der Notfallmedizin ist der schnelle Zugriff auf Informationen anderer Leistungserbringer von besonderer Bedeutung, da die Patienten oftmals unbekannt sind und Behandlungsentscheidungen zeitnah getroffen werden müssen.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die Studie zielt darauf ab, herauszufinden, mit welchen Herausforderungen die Notaufnahmen bei der Informationsbeschaffung konfrontiert sind, wie hoch der erwartete Nutzen eines einfacheren Informationszugangs ist und welche Informationen zur Patientenvorgeschichte dort am dringendsten benötigt werden.

Material und Methoden

Durchgeführt wurde eine deutschlandweite Online-Befragung unter in Notaufnahmen tätigem medizinischem Personal. 181 Fragebögen wurden vollständig ausgefüllt und konnten in die Datenanalyse einbezogen werden.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt 77,9 % des befragten Notaufnahmepersonals bewertete es als schwierig oder sehr schwierig, im Rahmen der Patientenversorgung an klinische Informationen von außen zu gelangen. Im Durchschnitt benötigen die Befragungsteilnehmer ihren Schätzungen zufolge rund 47 min, um an Informationen zu einem Patienten zu gelangen. 99,4 % gehen davon aus, dass die Patientenversorgung von einem einfacheren und schnelleren Informationsaustausch profitieren würde. Als wichtigste Datenelemente wurden Medikationslisten, Entlassungsbriefe und Informationen zu Vorerkrankungen sowie Allergien eingestuft.

Diskussion

In Anbetracht des erheblichen Aufwandes für die Informationsbeschaffung bei Notfallpatienten besteht ein dringlicher Handlungsbedarf. Digitale Lösungen wie der gerade eingeführte Notfalldatensatz können bei flächendeckender Verbreitung hier einen Mehrwert für die klinische Notfallversorgung bieten.
A novel identification technique of machine tool support stiffness under the variance of structural weight
Authors: Zhuang Zhen-Wei , Lu Jen-Chang , Liu De-Shin
Published: October 2021

The preload-dependent stiffness of machine tool support was investigated in this study. A novel identification method of support stiffness has been proposed through the experimental modal analysis and finite element method. The support stiffness was identified with different machine weight during the assembling process of a machining center. Specifically, the structure weight increase of a machine tool in the assembly process causes its center of gravity to shift. Accordingly, the variance of support reaction affects the support stiffness. To explore the variance of support stiffness, the researchers of this study collaborated with a machine tool manufacturer. Impact testing was performed on each assembly stage. Additionally, finite element analysis was used to establish equations between the reaction force versus stiffness of supports under the structural weight variance. The obtained equations were used to predict the natural frequency and vibration mode of structures in various assembly stages. The maximum error between the experimental and simulated natural frequencies was 7.1%, and the minimum modal assurance criterion was 0.77. Finally, a modal analysis model that updates support stiffness automatically, which could be adopted by machine builders to develop new machine tool, is proposed.
Midline crossing pulmonary vein: right upper lobe dual venous drainage, with partial anomalous venous return of the right lung into a persistent left superior vena cava
Authors: van Schuppen J. , van der Hulst A. E. , Kuipers I. M. , Straver B. , Boekholdt S. M. , Planken R. N. , Oostra R. J.
Published: October 2021

Introduction

We present a case of dual drainage of the right upper lobe of the lung into the left atrium and via partial anomalous venous pulmonary return (PAPVR) into a persistent left superior vena cava (SVC).

Discussion

It is only in the minority of PAPVR cases where the anomalous pulmonary veins cross the midline. We provide a review of current literature on this topic and an explanatory embryological model. Knowledge of embryonic development and possible anatomic variations, including the concept of dual venous drainage of the lung, leads to better interpretation of imaging, with more accurate description of the morphology at hand. High-resolution multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) helps to delineate the exact vascular anatomy. This will enhance a better understanding of and anticipation on the patient’s disease status, with more accurate planning of intervention, and possibly less complications.
C-reactive protein and white matter microstructural changes in COVID-19 patients with encephalopathy
Authors: Rhally Alexandra , Griffa Alessandra , Kremer Stéphane , Uginet Marjolaine , Breville Gautier , Stancu Patrick , Assal Frédéric , Lalive Patrice H. , Lövblad Karl-Olof , Allali Gilles
Published: October 2021

Encephalopathy is a neurological complication of COVID-19. The objective of this exploratory study is to investigate the link between systemic inflammation and brain microstructural changes (measured by diffusion-weighted imaging) in patients with COVID-19 encephalopathy. 20 patients with COVID-19 encephalopathy (age: 67.3 $$\pm$$
±
10.0 years; 90% men) hospitalized in the Geneva University Hospitals for a SARS-CoV-2 infection between March and May 2020 were included in this retrospective cohort study. COVID-19 encephalopathy was diagnosed following a comprehensive neurobiological evaluation, excluding common causes of delirium, such as hypoxemic or metabolic encephalopathy. We investigated the correlation between systemic inflammation (measured by systemic C-reactive protein (CRP)) and brain microstructural changes in radiologically normal white matter (measured by apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)) in nine spatially widespread regions of the white matter previously associated with delirium. Systemic inflammation (CRP = 60.8 ± 50.0 mg/L) was positively correlated with ADC values in the anterior corona radiata (p = 0.0089), genu of the corpus callosum (p = 0.0064) and external capsule (p = 0.0086) after adjusting for patients’ age. No statistically significant association between CRP and ADC was found in the other six white matter regions. Our findings indicate high risk of white matter abnormalities in COVID-19 encephalopathy patients with high peripheral inflammatory markers, suggesting aggressive imaging monitoring may be warranted in these patients. Future studies should clarify a possible specificity of the spatial patterns of CRP–white matter microstructure association in COVID-19 encephalopathy patients and disentangle the role of individual cytokines on brain inflammatory mechanisms.
„… da kann sie nichts Positives schildern …“ – Zur Auswirkung des Destruktiven auf die Mentalisierungsfähigkeit
Authors: Steinmair D. , Löffler-Stastka H.
Published: October 2021

Die Prävalenz von Traumata ist bei Menschen mit Psychosen erhöht. In welchen Fällen von Traumatisierung ein adaptiver Lebensstil möglich ist und welche Faktoren zur Entwicklung einer Psychose beitragen, ist Gegenstand intensiver Forschung. Die Mentalisierungsfähigkeit, welche sich in der Interaktion mit frühen Bindungspersonen entwickelt, ist gemeinsam mit der Fähigkeit zur Affektregulation ein wahrscheinlicher Einflussfaktor.
Usefulness of wearable fitness tracking devices in patients undergoing esophagectomy
Authors: Honke Junko , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Kawata Sanshiro , Booka Eisuke , Matsumoto Tomohiro , Morita Yoshifumi , Kikuchi Hirotoshi , Kamiya Kinji , Mori Keiko , Takeuchi Hiroya
Published: October 2021

Background

Esophageal cancer surgery requires maintenance and enhancement of perioperative nutritional status and physical function to prevent postoperative complications. Therefore, awareness of the importance of preoperative patient support is increasing. This study examined the usefulness of using a diary in combination with a wearable fitness tracking device (WFT) in patients undergoing surgery for esophageal cancer.

Methods

Ninety-four patients who underwent esophagectomy between February 2019 and April 2021 were included. Physicians, nurses, dietitians, and physical therapists provided diary-based education for the patients. In addition, a WFT was used by some patients. The perioperative outcomes of patients who used both the diary and WFT (WFT group) and those who used the diary alone (non-WFT group) were compared. In addition, propensity score matching was performed to improve comparability between the two groups.

Results

After the propensity score matching, the rate of postoperative pneumonia was significantly lower in the WFT group (0% vs. 22.6%, P = 0.005). The postoperative hospital stay was shorter in the WFT group (P = 0.012). Nutritional status indices, such as the prognostic nutritional index, also improved significantly in the WFT group at 1 month after surgery (P = 0.034). The rate of diary entries was significantly higher in the WFT group (72.3% vs. 28.3%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The use of a WFT reduced the incidence of postoperative pneumonia and improved postoperative nutritional status and rates of diary entries after esophagectomy, suggesting that its use may be useful for promoting recovery after esophagectomy.
Sexualität von Schüler*innen im Sportunterricht
Authors: Böhlke Nicola , Zander Benjamin
Published: October 2021

Schule ist kein asexueller Sozialraum. Gerade das Fach Sport dürfte aufgrund seiner Körperzentrierung vielfältige Bezüge zur Sexualität bieten, was aber bislang kaum untersucht wurde. Im Beitrag wird der zentralen Frage nachgegangen, wie sich die Sexualität von Schüler*innen im Sportunterricht als ein diskursives Phänomen konstituiert. Hierzu wurde eine qualitative Diskursanalyse durchgeführt, die sich auf Onlineforen stützt und Datenmaterial aus dem Zeitraum 2007–2021 berücksichtigt. Die Befunde, die mit den Analyseverfahren der Grounded Theory herausgearbeitet wurden, zeigen, dass Sexualität im Sportunterricht als ein diskursives Phänomen äußert facettenreich ist, so an Themen wie Kleidung, Körpernähe oder Koedukation gebunden ist und dabei als hierarchisches Geschehen im Zusammenhang der Rollen von Lehrer*innen und Schüler*innen, als emotionales Geschehen in Verbindung mit Scham, Empörung, Ekel, Neugierde oder Lust, aber auch als alltägliches wie omnipräsentes Geschehen kontextualisiert wird. In einer differenzierten Beschreibung des Phänomens werden themenübergreifend die zentralen Ursachen (insbesondere die starke Normierung des Phänomens), Konsequenzen (zum Beispiel soziale Verurteilungen als Folge von Verhaltensweisen, durch die sich andere belästigt fühlen) und Strategien des Umgangs mit Sexualität (zum Beispiel das Verstecken der Erektion bzw. der Brüste) herausgestellt. Auf Basis der Phänomenbeschreibung wird die Sexualität von Schüler*innen als ein Drahtseilakt deutlich, der darin besteht, teils divergierende Normen gekonnt auszutarieren, was zukünftig von der Schulsportforschung tiefergehend zu untersuchen ist.
Rainwater treatment: an approach for drinking water provision to indigenous people in Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: Pineda E. , Guaya D. , Rivera G. , García-Ruiz M. J. , Osorio F.
Published: October 2021

This study is about the use of naturally occurring filtering materials for rainwater treatment for drinking water proposal. Crushed gravel, ceramic spheres from natural clays, silica sand and natural zeolite were used as filtering materials. The mineralogical composition of filtering materials was determined, being the illite and mordenite the major components of ceramic spheres and natural zeolite, respectively. Naturally occurring materials were simultaneous evaluated on two configuration of pilot plant systems (biofilters) for rainwater treatment. Three columns were arranged in series with unstratified flooded beds. The first stage was packed using crushed gravel. The second stage was packed using ceramic spheres. The third stage was packed with silica sand for the first plant and a natural zeolite was used for the second pilot plant system. Finally, a last stage of ultraviolet disinfection was incorporated. The trial period was 90 days, and it was evaluated the removal of Fe+2 and Mn+2, total coliforms, faecal coliforms and Escherichia col (E. coli). The rainwater treatment system using natural zeolite provided better results than the one using silica sand at third stage. The concentration of Fe+2 and Mn+2 was below the maximum permissible limits within 45 days. The efficiency of the treatment systems was optimal within 45 days, after the efficiency decreased progressively. Then, it is an attractive proposal for rural areas in developing countries for single-family water treatment systems.
Chemie finde ich eigentlich interessant, aber manchmal auch nicht – Zusammenhänge zwischen Merkmalen des Chemieunterrichts und dem situationalen Interesse von Lernenden
Authors: Ochsen Sabrina , Bernholt Sascha , Bernholt Andrea , Parchmann Ilka
Published: October 2021

Interesse ist ein wichtiges unterrichtliches Ziel und positiv mit weiteren Konstrukten wie Leistung und Selbstkonzept assoziiert. Eine Abnahme des Interesses von Lernenden in den Naturwissenschaften allgemein und insbesondere im Chemieunterricht über den Verlauf der Sekundarstufe wurde wiederholt festgestellt. Um Interesse im Schulkontext zu fördern, bietet sich gemäß des Vier-Phasen Modells der Interessenentwicklung insbesondere das zeitlich instabile situationale Interesse an. Die Befundlage zu möglichen Triggern für situationales Interesse ist sehr vielfältig, jedoch teilweise uneindeutig. Zudem werden bislang in den Untersuchungen zum situationalen Interesse zentrale Qualitäts- und Gestaltungsmerkmale von Unterricht wie die Klassenführung oder Unterrichtsphasierung nicht systematisch berücksichtigt. Dieses Desiderat adressiert die vorliegende Beobachtungsstudie im Fach Chemie, indem sie den Zusammenhang zwischen Unterrichtsqualität sowie -gestaltung mit dem situationalen Interesse von Lernenden der Sekundarstufe I mittels einer Mehrebenenanalyse untersucht. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen empirisch, dass in der vorliegenden Studie praktische Erarbeitungsphasen in positiver Relation zum situationalen Interesse der Lernenden stehen, während theoretische Erarbeitungsphasen damit negativ verknüpft sind. Einstiegs- und Sicherungsphasen weisen keinen systematischen Zusammenhang mit dem situationalen Interesse auf. Im Bereich der Unterrichtsqualität zeigen sich negative Zusammenhänge zwischen dem situationalen Interesse und Klassenmanagement bzw. Verständnisorientierung, während zwischen dem situationalen Interesse und Strukturierung bzw. Förderung positive Zusammenhänge festgestellt wurden. Mögliche Ursachen sowie Implikationen für Forschung und Praxis werden diskutiert.
Hierarchical Sizing and Power Distribution Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage System
Authors: Li Jianwei , He Hongwen , Wei Zhongbao , Zhang Xudong
Published: October 2021

This paper proposes a hierarchical sizing method and a power distribution strategy of a hybrid energy storage system for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), aiming to reduce both the energy consumption and battery degradation cost. As the optimal size matching is significant to multi-energy systems like PHEV with both battery and supercapacitor (SC), this hybrid system is adopted herein. First, the hierarchical optimization is conducted, when the optimal power of the internal combustion engine is calculated based on dynamic programming, and a wavelet transformer is introduced to distribute the power between the battery and the SC. Then, the fuel economy and battery degradation are evaluated to return feedback value to each sizing point within the hybrid energy storage system sizing space, obtaining the optimal sizes for the battery and the SC by comparing all the values in the whole sizing space. Finally, an all-hardware test platform is established with a fully active power conversion topology, on which the real-time control capability of the wavelet transformer method and the size matching between the battery and the SC are verified in both short and long time spans.
The Blessings of Liberty
Authors: Witte, Jr. John
Published: October 2021

Leading legal scholar John Witte, Jr. explores the role religion played in the development of rights in the Western legal tradition and traces the complex interplay between human rights and religious freedom norms in modern domestic and international law. He examines how US courts are moving towards greater religious freedom, while recent decisions of the pan-European courts in Strasbourg and Luxembourg have harmed new religious minorities and threatened old religious traditions in Europe. Witte argues that the robust promotion and protection of religious freedom is the best way to protect many other fundamental rights today, even though religious freedom and other fundamental rights sometimes clash and need judicious balancing. He also responds to various modern critics who see human rights as a betrayal of Christianity and religious freedom as a betrayal of human rights.
Arbitration in Syria: Navigating Postwar Disputes
Authors: Nasrallah Faris Elias
Published: October 2021

The place of arbitration within the Syrian legal system has received scant academic and professional attention, and as such, remains largely unstudied. Shedding much-needed light on the nature of arbitration in Syria as a resilient form of ancient customary Arab alternative dispute resolution, this contribution appraises the salient features of the Syrian Arbitration Law 2008 and arbitration-related provisions within recent Syrian legislation. It aims to understand the position of arbitration in Syria between existing national and international law frameworks for dispute settlement and to assess the potential for establishing independent, transparent, and efficient tribunals to resolve disputes arising out of ongoing conflicts that have plagued the country since 2011. If arbitration proves to be a mechanism for ordering the peaceful settlement of postwar disputes within and concerning Syria, parties, practitioners, and stakeholders must employ perspectives that include and are capable of navigating Syria’s existing arbitration landscape.
Earthquake Nucleation Along Faults With Heterogeneous Weakening Rate
Authors: Lebihain Mathias , Roch Thibault , Violay Marie , Molinari Jean‐François
Published: October 2021

The transition from quasistatic slip growth to dynamic rupture propagation constitutes one possible scenario to describe earthquake nucleation. If this transition is rather well understood for homogeneous faults, how the friction properties of multiscale asperities may influence the overall stability of seismogenic faults remains largely unclear. Combining classical nucleation theory and concepts borrowed from condensed matter physics, we propose a comprehensive analytical framework that predicts the influence of heterogeneities of weakening rate on the nucleation length for linearly slip‐dependent friction laws. Model predictions are compared to nucleation lengths measured from 2D dynamic simulations of earthquake nucleation along heterogeneous faults. Our results show that the interplay between frictional properties and the asperity size gives birth to three instability regimes (local, extremal, and homogenized), each related to different nucleation scenarios, and that the influence of heterogeneities at a scale far lower than the nucleation length can be averaged.
A Comprehensive Search for Repeating Earthquakes in Northern California: Implications for Fault Creep, Slip Rates, Slip Partitioning, and Transient Stress
Authors: Waldhauser Felix , Schaff David P.
Published: October 2021

Repeating earthquakes, earthquakes that rupture the same fault patch more than once, are playing an important role in the study of source processes and fault behavior, and have the potential to improve hazard assessment and earthquake forecast. They are believed to represent brittle failure of a stuck patch (asperity) on an otherwise creeping fault, and as such may offer insight into slip behavior at depth. We carried out a systematic analysis in search for repeating earthquakes in northern California between 1984 and 2014 by identifying events that are co‐located, are of similar size, and share similar waveforms. We find 27,675 events in 7,713 repeating earthquake sequences (RES) that include between 2 and 32 events with magnitudes between −0.5 and 6.5. Temporal behavior of the events within each RES ranges between random and quasi‐periodic over the 30‐year observation period, and includes temporal clustering (bursts). The RESs occur throughout northern California, with some of the largest and most periodic sequences predominately, but not exclusively, along faults within the San Andreas Fault system that exhibit surface creep. Piecewise periodic RESs are found near large earthquakes where they are modulated by transient stress. Slip rates inferred from the new data, while generally consistent with published estimates from geodetic and surface data, offer a high‐resolution image of subsurface creep along individual fault strands and resolve slip partitioning across wider zones of deformation.
Significant Stress in Parents of Children With Short Bowel Syndrome Undergoing Intestinal Rehabilitation: Considerations for Care
Authors: Wilcocks Chelsea P. , Valenzuela Jessica M. , Stellway Jacklyn E. , Yee Shanique , Duro Debora
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study aims to assess stress, quality of life, and mental health risk experienced by parents of children with short bowel syndrome (SBS) undergoing intestinal rehabilitation compared to a group of parents of children with common gastrointestinal complaints. Method: Eleven parents of racially/ethnically diverse children with SBS (0–5 years old) were recruited from a multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation program in the southeastern United States. Participants completed sociodemographic, mental health risk (PHQ-SADS), parental stress (PSI-4 Short Form), and quality of life (QoL; SF-36) questionnaires. Semistructured interviews of SBS parents were conducted, transcribed, coded, and systematically analyzed using principals of thematic analysis. Results: Significant differences with large effect sizes were found on measures of anxiety, parenting stress, and emotional well-being, indicating greater risk for SBS parents. Parent experiences in three themes were identified: navigating treatment challenges (e.g., high risk of complications), parenting role stress (e.g., respite and self-care), and support systems (e.g., peer-based support). Parents reported a lack of awareness and education surrounding intestinal rehabilitation and SBS, resulting in difficulty accessing quality medical treatment, services, and support. Conclusions: Semistructured interviews provided rich information to better understand SBS parent challenges and generated hypotheses about specific recommendations aimed at improving parent quality of life, health outcomes, and satisfaction with care, as well as the need for integration of mental health screening and evidence-based interventions that address the specific needs of parents.

Implications for Impact Statement

The present study finds significant risk of anxiety, parenting stress, and emotional problems in parents of children with short bowel syndrome undergoing intestinal rehabilitation. Interviews with parents highlight the challenges involved in navigating treatment, managing parenting stress, and helpful support systems. Pediatric psychologists are well positioned to help improve the quality of care and access to needed supports for parents of children with these complex medical needs.
Development and Pilot Randomized Trial of a Coping Skills Intervention for Low-SES Latinx Families of Children With Asthma
Authors: Rodríguez Erin M. , Horner Sharon D. , Bearman Sarah Kate , Gulbas Lauren , George-Jones Julia , Alvarado Cinthia , Esperanza Catherine
Published: October 2021

Objective: Psychosocial stress contributes to asthma disparities for low-socioeconomic status (SES) Latinx children, but primary and secondary control coping by children and parents is associated with better psychosocial and asthma outcomes. Therefore, we developed and pilot tested Adapt 2 Asthma (A2A), a family based coping and asthma self-management intervention for low-SES Latinx families. Method: Children, parents, and primary care providers ( N = 16) participated in five focus groups to refine A2A’s content and delivery. Subsequently, families of children ages 9–12 with asthma ( N = 24) were recruited from primary care clinics and randomly assigned to receive A2A or enhanced usual care (EUC). Results: Based on focus groups, A2A was refined to address feasibility, Latinx-specific cultural factors, and provider-family gaps. Results of the pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) showed that 92% of families completed all sessions of A2A, and there were high levels of satisfaction with and fidelity to A2A. There were no statistically significant differences between the A2A and EUC groups at three-month follow-up, although there were small, nonsignificant effects favoring A2A on parent-reported asthma control, parent secondary control coping, and emergency department visits. Conclusions: We found evidence of acceptability, feasibility, and potential benefits of A2A for low-SES Latinx families. Findings provide guidance for future implementation in primary care.

Implications for Impact Statement

This study developed and tested Adapt 2 Asthma (A2A), a combined coping skills and asthma self-management intervention program for low-socioeconomic status (SES) Latinx children with asthma and their parents. We found that A2A was feasible and acceptable, and may improve asthma control and parent coping. Intervention approaches that incorporate coping skills and culturally responsive content may support asthma control for low-SES Latinx children.
Ethics in Pediatric Psychology: Considerations for Trainees Transitioning to the Medical Setting
Authors: Fehr Karla K. , Chambers Danielle E. , VanderWoude Chelsea K.
Published: October 2021

Objective:

The Society of Pediatric Psychology Task Force on Competencies and Best Training Practices in Pediatric Psychology identified ethics as one of the key domains within the recommended professional competencies for training in pediatric psychology. Despite this, there has been minimal research examining specific ethical competencies required at various training levels and the necessary steps to achieve these goals. While psychology trainees have didactic and applied training in general ethical principles in clinical psychology, the introduction to clinical work in pediatric psychology presents distinct ethical challenges that are likely not covered within general ethical training as a graduate student (e.g., confidentiality within multidisciplinary interactions, different ethical standards across professions). Furthermore, there is minimal guidance available to supervisors and supervisees on strategies to prepare trainees for ethical dilemmas when entering pediatric psychology settings. Both supervisors and supervisees would benefit greatly from discussion of unique challenges and potential training solutions for trainees beginning clinical work in a pediatric medical setting.

Method:

The current article presents an overview of the unique ethical issues that trainees may encounter and training needs when entering the pediatric setting. Recommendations for trainees and supervisors are then provided.

Results/Conclusions:

Trainee recommendations include enrolling in a pediatric psychology course, reviewing available ethics resources, continually considering and revisiting ethical issues, and seeking supervision to ensure ethical practice and skill development. Supervisor recommendations include setting the expectation to discuss ethical issues, providing ongoing opportunities for ethics discussions, assessing supervisee competence, and fostering a positive training relationship to encourage disclosure and discussion of ethics-related issues.

Implications for Impact Statement

This article advances the field of pediatric psychology by highlighting the importance of targeted assessment and training in the area of ethics when psychology trainees first enter the medical setting. Furthermore, common ethical challenges encountered and real-life strategies that trainees and supervisors can implement to support trainee development of ethical skills are provided.
Plasmon-induced trap filling at grain boundaries in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yao Kai , Li Siqi , Liu Zhiliang , Ying Yiran , Dvořák Petr , Fei Linfeng , Šikola Tomáš , Huang Haitao , Nordlander Peter , Jen Alex K.-Y. , Lei Dangyuan
Published: October 2021

The deep-level traps induced by charged defects at the grain boundaries (GBs) of polycrystalline organic–inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) films serve as major recombination centres, which limit the device performance. Herein, we incorporate specially designed poly(3-aminothiophenol)-coated gold (Au@PAT) nanoparticles into the perovskite absorber, in order to examine the influence of plasmonic resonance on carrier dynamics in perovskite solar cells. Local changes in the photophysical properties of the OIHP films reveal that plasmon excitation could fill trap sites at the GB region through photo-brightening, whereas transient absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations correlate this photo-brightening of trap states with plasmon-induced interfacial processes. As a result, the device achieved the best efficiency of 22.0% with robust operational stability. Our work provides unambiguous evidence for plasmon-induced trap occupation in OIHP and reveals that plasmonic nanostructures may be one type of efficient additives to overcome the recombination losses in perovskite solar cells and thin-film solar cells in general.
Sperm epigenetic alterations contribute to inter- and transgenerational effects of paternal exposure to long-term psychological stress via evading offspring embryonic reprogramming
Authors: Zheng Xiaoguo , Li Zhenhua , Wang Guishuan , Wang Hanshu , Zhou Yuchuan , Zhao Xinzhi , Cheng C. Yan , Qiao Yunbo , Sun Fei
Published: October 2021

Paternal life experiences impact offspring health via germline, and epigenetic inheritance provides a potential mechanism. However, global reprogramming during offspring embryogenesis and gametogenesis represents the largest hurdle to conceptualize it. Yet, detailed characterization of how sperm epigenetic alterations carrying “environmental memory” can evade offspring embryonic reprogramming remains elusive. Here, mice exposed to long-term restraint stress were employed to study the mechanisms underlying inter- and transgenerational effects of paternal exposure to a long-term psychological stress. We found that stress could induce paternal inheritance of reproductive, behavioral, and metabolic disorders. Bisulfite methylation profiling of 18 sperm and 12 embryo samples of three consecutive generations identified inter- and transgenerational inheritance of paternal Differential DNA Methylation Regions (DMRs) at frequencies ~11.36% and 0.48%, respectively. These DMRs related to genes with functional implications for psychological stress response, and tissue inheritance of these DMRs passed paternal disorders epigenetically to offspring. More importantly, these DMRs evaded offspring embryonic reprogramming through erasure and subsequent reestablishment, but not via un-erasure way. Nonetheless, their reestablishment proportions in the primitive streak (E7.5) stage were altered. Furthermore, sncRNA-seq revealed that stress-induced tsRNA, miRNA and rsRNA dysregulation in paternal sperm might play important roles in DMRs occurrence and paternal inheritance. These finding implied that sperm epigenetic alterations contribute to inter- and transgenerational effects of paternal exposure to long-term psychological stress, and highlighted the possible underlying molecular mechanism.
Seismic constraints from a Mars impact experiment using InSight and Perseverance
Authors: Fernando Benjamin , Wójcicka Natalia , Maguire Ross , Stähler Simon C. , Stott Alexander E. , Ceylan Savas , Charalambous Constantinos , Clinton John , Collins Gareth S. , Dahmen Nikolaj , Froment Marouchka , Golombek Matthew , Horleston Anna , Karatekin Ozgur , Kawamura Taichi , Larmat Carene , Nissen-Meyer Tarje , Patel Manish R. , Plasman Matthieu , Posiolova Lilya , Rolland Lucie , Spiga Aymeric , Teanby Nicholas A. , Zenhäusern Géraldine , Giardini Domenico , Lognonné Philippe , Banerdt Bruce , Daubar Ingrid J.
Published: October 2021

NASA’s InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) mission has operated a sophisticated suite of seismology and geophysics instruments on the surface of Mars since its arrival in 2018. On 18 February 2021, we attempted to detect the seismic and acoustic waves produced by the entry, descent and landing of the Perseverance rover using the sensors onboard the InSight lander. Similar observations have been made on Earth using data from both crewed1,2and uncrewed3,4spacecraft, and on the Moon during the Apollo era5, but never before on Mars or another planet. This was the only seismic event to occur on Mars since InSight began operations that had an a priori known and independently constrained timing and location. It therefore had the potential to be used as a calibration for other marsquakes recorded by InSight. Here we report that no signal from Perseverance’s entry, descent and landing is identifiable in the InSight data. Nonetheless, measurements made during the landing window enable us to place constraints on the distance–amplitude relationships used to predict the amplitude of seismic waves produced by planetary impacts and place in situ constraints on Martian impact seismic efficiency (the fraction of the impactor kinetic energy converted into seismic energy).
A high-fidelity residential building occupancy detection dataset
Authors: Jacoby Margarite , Tan Sin Yong , Henze Gregor , Sarkar Soumik
Published: October 2021

This paper describes development of a data acquisition system used to capture a range of occupancy related modalities from single-family residences, along with the dataset that was generated. The publicly available dataset includes: grayscale images at 32-by-32 pixels, captured every second; audio files, which have undergone processing to remove personally identifiable information; indoor environmental readings, captured every ten seconds; and ground truth binary occupancy status. The data acquisition system, coined the mobile human presence detection (HPDmobile) system, was deployed in six homes for a minimum duration of one month each, and captured all modalities from at least four different locations concurrently inside each home. The environmental modalities are available as captured, but to preserve the privacy and identity of the occupants, images were downsized and audio files went through a series of processing steps, as described in this paper. This dataset adds to a very small body of existing data, with applications to energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality.
Mapping of population disparities in the cholangiocarcinoma urinary metabolome
Authors: Alsaleh Munirah , Leftley Zoe , O’Connor Thomas , Hughes Thomas , Barbera Thomas A. , Koomson Larry K. , Zabron Abigail , Reeves Helen , Cramp Matthew , Ryder Stephen D. , Greer Shaun , Prince Martin , Sithithaworn Paiboon , Khuntikeo Narong , Loilome Watcharin , Yongvanit Puangrat , Cox I. Jane , Williams Roger , Wadsworth Christopher A. , Holmes Elaine , Nash Kathryn , Andrews Ross , Taylor-Robinson Simon D.
Published: October 2021

Phenotypic diversity in urinary metabolomes of different geographical populations has been recognized recently. In this study, urinary metabolic signatures from Western (United Kingdom) and South-East Asian (Thai) cholangiocarcinoma patients were characterized to understand spectral variability due to host carcinogenic processes and/or exogenous differences (nutritional, environmental and pharmaceutical). Urinary liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC–MS) spectral profiles from Thai (healthy = 20 and cholangiocarcinoma = 14) and UK cohorts (healthy = 22 and cholangiocarcinoma = 10) were obtained and modelled using chemometric data analysis. Healthy metabolome disparities between the two distinct populations were primarily related to differences in dietary practices and body composition. Metabolites excreted due to drug treatment were dominant in urine specimens from cholangiocarcinoma patients, particularly in Western individuals. Urine from participants with sporadic (UK) cholangiocarcinoma contained greater levels of a nucleotide metabolite (uridine/pseudouridine). Higher relative concentrations of 7-methylguanine were observed in urine specimens from Thai cholangiocarcinoma patients. The urinary excretion of hippurate and methyladenine (gut microbial-host co-metabolites) showed a similar pattern of lower levels in patients with malignant biliary tumours from both countries. Intrinsic (body weight and body composition) and extrinsic (xenobiotic metabolism) factors were the main causes of disparities between the two populations. Regardless of the underlying aetiology, biological perturbations associated with cholangiocarcinoma urine metabolome signatures appeared to be influenced by gut microbial community metabolism. Dysregulation in nucleotide metabolism was associated with sporadic cholangiocarcinoma, possibly indicating differences in mitochondrial energy production pathways between cholangiocarcinoma tumour subtypes. Mapping population-specific metabolic disparities may aid in interpretation of disease processes and identification of candidate biomarkers.
A case–control study in Taiwanese cohort and meta-analysis of serum ferritin in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Park Ji Min , Mau Chen-Zou , Chen Yang-Ching , Su Yen-Hao , Chen Hsin-An , Huang Shih-Yi , Chang Jung-Su , Chiu Ching-Feng
Published: October 2021

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal diseases which lack an early diagnostic marker. We investigated whether serum ferritin (SF) reflects risk for pancreatic cancer and potential genes that may contribute ferritin and pancreatic cancer risks. We performed a meta-analysis of relevant studies on SF and pancreatic cancer risk by searching articles in PUBMED and EMBASE published up to 1 March 2020. We also collected serum samples from Taipei Medical University Joint Biobank and compared SF levels in 34 healthy controls and 34 pancreatic cancer patients. An Oncomine database was applied as a platform to explore a series of genes that exhibited strong associations between ferritin and pancreatic cancer. Herein, we show that high levels of SF can indicate risk of pancreatic cancer, suggesting SF as the new tumor marker that may be used to help pancreatic cancer diagnosis. We also found that expressions of iron homeostasis genes (MYC, FXN) and ferroptosis genes (ALOX15, CBS, FDFT1, LPCAT3, RPL8, TP53, TTC35) are significantly altered with pancreatic tumor grades, which may contribute to differential expression of ferritin related to pancreatic cancer prognosis.
Probiotic-mediated p38 MAPK immune signaling prolongs the survival of Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Dinić Miroslav , Jakovljević Stefan , Đokić Jelena , Popović Nikola , Radojević Dušan , Strahinić Ivana , Golić Nataša
Published: October 2021

The host-microbiota cross-talk represents an important factor contributing to innate immune response and host resistance during infection. It has been shown that probiotic lactobacilli exhibit the ability to modulate innate immunity and enhance pathogen elimination. Here we showed that heat-inactivated probiotic strain Lactobacillus curvatus BGMK2-41 stimulates immune response and resistance of the Caenorhabditis elegans against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By employing qRT-PCR and western blot analysis we showed that heat-inactivated BGMK2-41 activated PMK-1/p38 MAPK immunity pathway which prolongs the survival of C. elegans exposed to pathogenic bacteria in nematode killing assays. The C. elegans pmk-1 mutant was used to demonstrate a mechanistic basis for the antimicrobial potential of BGMK2-41, showing that BGMK2-41 upregulated PMK-1/p38 MAPK dependent transcription of C-type lectins, lysozymes and tight junction protein CLC-1. Overall, this study suggests that PMK-1/p38 MAPK‐dependent immune regulation by BGMK2-41 is essential for probiotic-mediated C. elegans protection against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and could be further explored for development of probiotics with the potential to increase resistance of the host towards pathogens.
EEG microstate analysis of emotion regulation reveals no sequential processing of valence and emotional arousal
Authors: Zerna Josephine , Strobel Alexander , Scheffel Christoph
Published: October 2021

In electroencephalography (EEG), microstates are distributions of activity across the scalp that persist for several tens of milliseconds before changing into a different pattern. Microstate analysis is a way of utilizing EEG as both temporal and spatial imaging tool, but has rarely been applied to task-based data. This study aimed to conceptually replicate microstate findings of valence and emotional arousal processing and investigate the effects of emotion regulation on microstates, using data of an EEG paradigm with 107 healthy adults who actively viewed emotional pictures, cognitively detached from them, or suppressed facial reactions. Within the first 600 ms after stimulus onset only the comparison of viewing positive and negative pictures yielded significant results, caused by different electrodes depending on the microstate. Since the microstates associated with more and less emotionally arousing pictures did not differ, sequential processing could not be replicated. When extending the analysis to 2000 ms after stimulus onset, differences were exclusive to the comparison of viewing and detaching from negative pictures. Intriguingly, we observed the novel phenomenon of a microstate difference that could not be attributed to single electrodes. This suggests that microstate analysis can detect differences beyond those detected by event-related potential analysis.
3D printed and spiral lithographically patterned erbium-doped polymer micro-waveguide amplifiers
Authors: Gao Hongwei , Li Huimin , Chen G. F. R. , Xing P. , Tan M. C. , Tan D. T. H.
Published: October 2021

Infrared (IR)-emitting RE doped materials have been extensively used to fabricate active components of integrated optical devices in various fields, such as fiber amplifiers, telecommunications, optoelectronics, and waveguides. Among various RE elements, trivalent erbium ions (Er 3+) are of great interest since their emissive behavior span the low loss telecommunication window of 1300–1650 nm. In this paper, we report two types of polymeric waveguide amplifiers. 8 cm long, lithographically patterned spiral waveguides provide 8 dB of gain using a 980 nm pump power of 95 mW. Gain is observed from 1530 to 1590 nm. We further report the first demonstration of polymeric waveguide amplifiers fabricated using 3D printing methods based on two-photon lithography, paving the way for rapid prototyping of active 3D printed devices and active photonic devices which may transcend planar limitations.