bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of oralman in the Republic of Kazakhstan as a key factor of the integration in a new community
Authors: Aikerim Assylbekovna Kamaldinova , Orlenbaevna Nassimova Gulnar , Kanaevna Abdygaliyeva Gulzhan , Ilyassovna Koshigulova Klara
Published: January 2023

The article provides insights into the countryâ€™s migration policies regarding Oralmans as well as the actual situation with their social, economic, and cultural integration. While focusing mainly on the findings of the survey of International organization of migration, also article describes government activities and schemes pertaining to Oralmans. The article analyzes the historical background of ethnic immigration in Kazakhstan. Authors describe government policies regarding oralmans in the country as well as the measures to encourage their arrival and to provide integration assistance. Also it is given general information about Oralmans in Kazakhstan, and geographical distribution in the territory ofÂ  Kazakhstan andÂ  describe oralmansâ€™ integration.Keywords: Oralmans, migration policy, ethnic immigration, oralmansâ€™ integration
PEMBATALAN SERTIFIKAT PENGGANTI HAK MILIK ATAS TANAH (Studi Putusan Nomor : 52/G/2010/PTUN.MTR)
Authors: Chairunnisa Nur Ifani , Jayus Jayus , Fadhilah Nurul Laili
Published: January 2023

Abstrak

 

Salah satu tanda bukti kepemilikan tanah bagi setiap warga Negara Indonesia adalah berupa sertifikat tanah. Arti Sertifikat menurut Pasal 32 Ayat (1) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah menjelaskan bahwa sebagai surat tanda bukti hak yang berlaku sebagai alat pembuktian yang kuat mengenai data fisik dan data yuridis yang termuat didalamnya, sepanjang data fisik dan data yuridis tersebut sesuai dengan data yang ada dalam surat ukur dan buku tanah hak yang bersangkutan. Jika ternyata suatu saat terjadi sertipikat tanah ini hilang atau rusak, maka bisa diterbitkan sertipikat pengganti dan subjek haknya sendiri juga sama. Dalam proses pembuatan sertipikat tanah maupun sertipikat pengganti, diusahakan dalam waktu yang singkat, namun tidak meninggalkan soal kecermatan dan ketelitian dalam penangannya. Sebab, apabila yang terjadi suatu kelalaian atau kesalahan maka timbul kegagalan dalam kepastian hukum mengenai hak-hak atas tanah. Badan Pertanahan Nasional selaku institusi yang berwewenang dalam pembatalan sertipikat hak milik atas tanah berhak melakukan pembatalan sertifikat yang telah mendapat putusan pengadilan yang sudah berkekuatan hukum. Hal ini dapat diindikasikan bahwa BPN telah melakukan kesalahan dari segi administratif dan prosedural dalam menerbitkan sertipikat

Kata Kunci: Hak Milik Atas Tanah, Sertifikat Pengganti, Badan Pertanahan Nasional

 

 

Abstract:

 

One of the signs of land ownership for every Indonesian citizen is in the form of a certificate of land. The meaning of Sertipikat according to Article 32 Paragraph (1) of Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 on Land Registration explains that as a letter of proof of rights that applies as a strong means of effectiveness regarding physical data and juridical data contained in it, as long as the physical data and juridical data are in accordance with the data contained in the measuring letter and land book of the rights concerned. If it turns out that one day there is a certificate of land is lost or damaged, then it can be issued a replacement certificate and the subject of its own rights is also the same. In the process of making a certificate of land and a replacement certificate, it is attempted in a short time, but does not leave the question of accuracy and thoroughness in the handler. Because, if there is an omission or error then there is a failure in legal certainty regarding land rights. The National Land Agency as an institution that has the authority in the cancellation of property rights to land has the right to cancel certificates that have received court rulings that have legal force. This can be indicated that BPN has made administrative and procedural errors in issuing certificates

Keywords: Property Rights to Land, Replacement Certificates, National Land Agency
Pencalonan Anggota Legislatif Mantan Narapidana Korupsi (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 46 P/HUM/2018)
Authors: Tontrinia Meilinda Putri Handayani , Ana Ida Bagus Oka , Indrayati Rosita
Published: January 2023

ABSTRAK

Pemilihan umum sebagai sarana kedaulatan rakyat dalam pelaksanaanya seringkali terjadi kesalahan yang menyebabkan kurang berkualitasnya hasil pemilu. Menjelang pemilihan umum 2019 terhadap Pemilihan Legislatif Komisi Pemilihan Umum mengeluarkan peraturan baru yaitu Peraturan KPU No. 20 Tahun 2018 tentang Pencalonan Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten/ Kota. Pada Pasal 4 ayat (3) peraturan ini menimbulkan penolakan yang mana mengatur mengenai larangan bagi mantan terpidana, bandar narkoba, kejahatan seksual terhadap anak, atau korupsi dilarang untuk mengikuti pemilihan calon legislatif. Terkait persyaratan untuk menjadi calon legislatif juga jelas disebutkan dalam Pasal 240 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 bahwa bagi mantan terpidana yang tidak pernah mendapat ancaman pidana penjara 5 (lima) tahun atau lebih, atau secara terbuka dan jujur mengemukakan kepada publik bahwa yang bersangkutan adalah mantan terpidana masih diperbolehkan untuk mencalonkan diri dalam pemilihan legislatif. Hal ini menimbulkan pembatasan hak politik bagi mantan narapidana.

Kata Kunci: Pemilihan Umum, Calon Legislatif, Mantan Narapidana, Korupsi, Hak Asasi Manusia.
Perlindungan Hukum Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi COVID-19 yang Berakibat Penyakit, Kecacatan Tubuh, dan atau Hilangnya Nyawa Pasca Vaksinasi
Authors: Maulana Agam , Nurhayati Dwi Endah , Nugroho Fiska Maulidian
Published: January 2023

COVID -19 merupakan virus baru yang menyebabkan masalah kesehatan khususnya pada organ pernafasan dengan penyebaran yang sangat cepat . Sebagai kegiatan penanggulangan penyakit baru ini pemerintah melalui UU Kekarantinaan Kesehatan Pasal 15 ayat 2 melakukan program vaksinasi secara nasional. Pemberian vaksin tersebut ternyata memiliki efek samping yang tidak terduga  bahkan berpotensi sampai menghilangkan nyawa.Resiko tersebut membuat keyakinan masyarakat terhadap vaksin menurun, apalagi belum ada kepastian perlindungan hukum terkait dengan kondisi pasca vaksinasi tersebut. Pertanggungjawaban hukum atas tindakan vaksinasi yang menimbulkan efek samping hingga menghilangkan nyawa sebagai kejadian ikutan pasca vaksin dan perlindungan hukum terhadap penerimanya merupakan tanda tanya besar yang perlu untuk dijawab. Berlatarbelakang hal tersebut penelitian ini menggunakan metode  penelitian doktrinal dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Pengumpulan bahan hukum menggunakan studi pustaka yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan non-hukum. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, tenaga kesehatan sebagai pelaksana vaksinasi tidak dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban pidana atas pelaksanaan vaksinasi sepanjang sesuai dengan tatalaksana yang berlaku dan atau tidak terjadi kelalaian yang disengaja.  Sedangakn perlindungan hukum bagi penerima vaksin berupa pemantauan dan penaggulangan kementerian terkait serta pemerintah kabupaten /kota setempat terhadap kejadian pasca vaksinasi, dan kompensasi apabila terdapat efek samping penggunaan vaksin tersebut.
Dragonfly fauna (Insecta: Odonata) of Papuk Nature Park, Croatia
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Teacher Education, Trg Matice hrvatske 12, Petrinja, Croatia, Vilenica Marina , Katar Miran ,   Croatian association of freshwater ecologists, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia, Koren Toni ,   Association Hyla, Lipovac I n. 7, Zagreb, Croatia, Štih Koren Ana ,   Association Hyla, Lipovac I n. 7, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: January 2023

Odonata is an amphibious insect order constituting an important link between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Members of the group are widely used as bioindicators of freshwater habitat health. The Odonata fauna of a total of 44 freshwater habitats in the wider area of Papuk Nature Park was investigated in the spring and summer of 2017 and 2019. Twenty-three lotic and 21 lentic habitats were included in the study. We recorded 39 Odonata species, witha higher species richness (i.e. 35) documented at lentic than at lotic habitats (i.e. 16 species). Calopteryx virgo was the most widespread species in the area, while Aeshna affinis, Epitheca bimaculata, and Sympetrum meridionale were the rarest. The most frequently recorded species at lentic sites were Platycnemis pennipes, Coenagrion puella, and Ischnura elegans, while Calopteryx virgo, Onychogomphus forcipatus, and Cordulegaster bidenatata were the most common species in lotic habitats. Although we recorded numerous anthropogenic pressures in freshwater habitats in the Park, 11 recorded species are of conservation concern, which highlights the conservation value of aquatic habitats in the study area. Our results represent the first Odonata checklist of Papuk Nature Park, and as such, they are an important contribution to our knowledge of the Odonata fauna and species distribution in Croatia.
A csatornatípusok szerepe a hazai ruhavásárlási folyamatokban
Authors: Taralik Krisztina , Kozák Tamás , Molnár Zsolt
Published: January 2023

Az ügyfélélmény felöleli egy vállalat kínálatának minden egyes részletét, és meg kell jelennie a vásárlói interakció teljes folyamatában: ki kell terjednie a vásárlást megelőző szakasztól a vásárláshoz közvetlenül kapcsolódó eseményeken át a vásárlást követő szolgáltatásokra is. Az omnichannel stratégia lehetővé teszi az ügyfelek számára, hogy bárhol és bármikor vásároljanak a különböző csatornákon keresztül, zökkenőmentes vásárlási élményt biztosítva számukra. Az ügyfél az igényei alapján választhatja ki az elvárásainak leginkább megfelelő csatornakombinációt, ami eltérő csatornahasználati mintákat eredményez. A tanulmány célja, hogy megvizsgálja a ruhavásárlással kapcsolatos attitűdök alapján szegmentált vásárlói csoportok csatornapreferenciáit – a hagyományos boltok, valamint a kis és a nagy képernyős online csatornák használatában – a teljes vásárlási döntés egyes szakaszaiban. Vizsgált mintánkban a válaszadók jelentős része még mindig a hagyományos („offline”) csatornát preferálja a ruhavásárlás teljes folyamata során. Az online csatornák használata elsősorban a ruhavásárlást megelőző szakaszra jellemző, ami a vásárlási attitűd alapján elkülönített vásárlói csoportok közül csak egyetlen csoportnál jelent meg markánsan.
AUTOMATED AND MANUAL SEMEN ANALYSIS: THE COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Belyaeva Lidiya A. , Shurygina Oksana V. , Yukhimets Sergey N. , Petrova Al'bina A. , Mironov Sergey Yu. , Ratenkova Natal'ya V. , Kulakova Olesya V. , Bovtunova Svetlana S.
Published: January 2023

Currently, spermogram parameters are routine criteria for assessing male fertility. There are two methods of semen analysis: traditional manual and automated. The concentration of spermatozoa of various motility categories is important in predicting physiological conception, as well as in choosing fertilization methods in assisted reproductive technology programs. The introduction of automatic semen analyzers has shown that their use can be considered as an alternative to the routine manual analysis method, which can contribute to laboratory standardization. Initially, these devices demonstrated difficulty in accurately indicating sperm concentration due to the presence of sperm aggregation and large amounts of cellular debris. In the present study, the main focus was on the analysis of sperm concentration by manual and automated methods. A total of 50 sperm samples were analyzed from patients participating in assisted reproductive technology programs. Manual analysis was performed in a Makler's chamber according to the standard method in 10 small squares. The motility of each spermatozoon was classified into categories. Automated analysis was carried out using the CASA sperm analyzer computer analysis system (MICROPTIC, Spain), which uses the principle of microscopic imaging and processing to detect motile and immobile spermatozoa through fast and consistent images. Statistical methods for independent variables were chosen to evaluate the obtained data. As part of the study, by the method of determining confidence intervals, a statistically significant difference was found between automated and standard or manual methods of analysis when evaluating spermatozoa with the highest speed of 0,025 mm/sec and rectilinear and translational movement, as well as with a lower speed, either aging or with broken morphology. Most likely, this is due to the objective difficulty of visual assessment of spermatozoa of such motility categories. The data obtained suggest that automated analysis has a higher degree of objectivity in assessing mobile biological objects, in particular male germ cells.
BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF RAT'S DERMAL FIBROBLAST CULTURE IN HYPOXIA
Authors: Ponomarenko Elena A. , Diatroptova Marina A. , Mkhitarov Vladimir A. , Zolotova Nataliya A. , Mikhaylova Liliya P. , Artem'eva Kseniya A. , Bogdanova Irina M. , Makarova Ol'ga V.
Published: January 2023

Dermal fibroblast cell culture is a convenient model for studying various effects on cells, including hypoxia. Fibroblasts, in addition to collagen production, are able to synthesize biogenic amines, hormones, neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters identical to those in the central nervous and endocrine systems, which allows them to be used to study cellular disorders in various diseases. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the functional changes in the culture of dermal fibroblasts under hypoxic conditions using biochemical and molecular biological methods. In cells of fibroblast culture under normoxia (air and 5% CO2 in an incubator) and hypoxic exposure (a mixture of gases - 95% N2 and 5% CO2) at 1 and 3 hours, biochemical methods were used to determine the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT), alanine aminotransferase (AlAT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose levels, concentrations of ATP, ADP, AMP, as well as the level of mRNA expression of the hypoxia-induced factor Hif-1a and the nuclear factor Nf-κb by polymerase chain reaction. It was shown that under hypoxic exposure at 1 hour in fibroblast culture, cell viability, glucose levels and activity of LDH, AlAT, AsAT decrease, the amount of ATP decreases, after 3 hours there is a tendency to normalize all indicators. Adaptive mechanisms make it possible to normalize the functioning of cells under hypoxic conditions from 1 to 3 hours. The results obtained in the evaluation of metabolic changes at different times of hypoxic exposure (1 and 3 hours) in the culture of rat fibroblasts indicate a high adaptive capacity of connective tissue cells - fibroblasts at a lack of oxygen. The study of intracellular parameters during hypoxia, the determination of critical points depending on the time of exposure will determine the directions for further study of the mechanisms of cell adaptation, which, perhaps, will complement the tactics of compensatory effects in ischemia of tissues of various genesis. The revealed changes reflect the adaptive response of the fibroblast culture in response to hypoxic exposure.
HISTOTOPOGRAPHIC AND STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF CANINE THYROID GLAND FOLLICLES UNDER SINGLE DYNAMIC MOTOR LOADS
Authors: Bezdenezhnykh Andrey V. , Kolodezhnaya Sofia S. , Nazarova Daria E. , Bavrina Anna P.
Published: January 2023

The formation of urgent and long-term adaptation of the organism under various modes of motor loads is provided by a change in the activity of the thyroid gland, the functional unit of which is the thyroid follicle. An accurate assessment of the morphological parameters of the follicles of different histotopographic zones of the thyroid gland provides the researcher with objective information about the state of the organ. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of single training, starting and limiting motor loads (treadmill running) on ​​the structural and histotopographic features of the thyroid gland follicles in dogs. On transverse sections of the right lobe of the thyroid gland of dogs, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, the area of ​​the follicles were measured. The measurements were carried out in various histotopographic zones of the gland (central, intermediate, peripheral), distinguished relative to its geometric center. Animals were studied in the control group (16 male dogs) and in the experiment (31 animals), in which, as a result of single motor loads, a different response was formed, manifested in structural and functional changes in the thyroid gland. The studies showed that muscle activity leads to the activation of the functional units of the organ - follicles. The transformation of the thyroid gland as a result of various durations of motor loads is manifested in the obligate involvement of the peripheral zone of the gland, a significant decrease in the area of ​​follicles, an increase in the number of functionally more active follicles of a small area, due to a decrease in the number of predominantly large and medium follicles, and changes in the colloid-epithelial areas ratio. Depending on the parameters of single dynamic motor loads, two ways of primary response of the gland were revealed: either due to a change in the number of follicles of different areas (large, medium, small), or due to a change in their ratio in the histotopographic zones of the organ (central, intermediate, peripheral). Modeling of various parameters of motor loads can be used to analyse its of the influence the structural reorganization of the thyroid gland in the experiment. The constant structural variability of the peripheral zone found in the present study may be associated with special conditions of blood supply from the gland capsule.
Growing SoTL—Embracing Diversity, Messiness, and Complexity
Authors: Schrum Kelly , Mårtensson Katarina
Published: January 2023

An introduction to volume 11 of Teaching & Learning Inquiry.
EdVee: A Visual Diagnostic and Course Design Tool for Constructive Alignment
Authors: Trowsdale Dan , McKay Alison
Published: January 2023

The adoption of digital technologies in higher education offers new opportunities for student learning but also adds complexity to course design and development processes. Although practice varies across institutions and nations, a common response is that teams of people are now involved in the development and creation of blended and online courses. Members of such teams typically include instructional designers, academics, learning designers and technologists, and production teams, and courses are developed over time, often across separate locations and organisations. These factors are creating a need for tools that support the sharing of design information in distributed course design teams. This paper introduces such a course design tool, EdVee, which supports pedagogical innovation through the sharing and visualisation of constructive alignment of learning outcomes, content, learning, and teaching activities and assessment. Key concepts that underpin EdVee are drawn from systems engineering and product development. We demonstrate its value to course design through two case studies: the design of a new course and the evaluation of an existing course.
Salmonellosis in Children at a Portuguese Hospital: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mendes Inês Filipa , Completo Sara , Vieira de Carvalho Rita , Jacinto Sandra , Schäfer Sandra , Correia Paula , Brito Maria João , Figueiredo António
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Salmonellosis represents a considerable health, social and economic burden in both high- and low-income countries. Recently, in Portugal, most cases of Salmonella infections have been reported in children under 15 years of age. The main aim of this study was to characterize, from an epidemiological, microbiological, and clinical perspective, cases of Salmonella isolation among children.Material and Methods: The authors performed a descriptive study using retrospective analysis of cases of salmonellosis, in pediatric age, at a Portuguese Level II Hospital, between January 2015 and July 2020. Results: The population included a total of 63 children, of which 81% were Portuguese. Ethnicity was identified in 13 children, most of whom were African. The median age at diagnosis was four years old (3.5 - 9 years old). Despite the small number of cases per year in our study (11), one-third were severe enough to require hospitalization. Overall, 13% of patients were treated with antibiotics. In 63% of the isolates, serotype was identified: Salmonella Enteriditis (38%), Salmonella Typhimurium (22%), and Salmonella Typhi (3%). Antibiotic resistance rates were 19% for ampicillin and 6.4% for amoxicillinclavulanic acid and cotrimoxazole. No resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was found.Conclusion: Given the obtained results, we intend to improve knowledge on salmonellosis in Portugal and, consequently improve prevention strategies, treatment and its notification. Although the incidence of salmonellosis has been decreasing in recent years it is the second most frequent gastrointestinal infection in the European Union, contributing to significant rates of hospitalizations and use of antibiotics in Portugal.
You will take care of me when I am old: Norms on children’s caregiver obligations - An analysis with data from the European Values Study
Authors: Hess Moritz , Wiebke Schmitz  , Laura Naegele  , Philipp Stiemke
Published: January 2023

Objective: We explore gender differences in support of the norm that children must provide care for their parents.
Background: Society's values and norms play a crucial role in deciding whether to provide family care. We investigate these values and norms on family care by analyzing which individual and country level factors affect them.
Method: We use data from the European Values Study wave 5 and multilevel regression techniques. The question, "Adult children have the duty to provide long-term care for their parents", serves as our dependent variable. The explanatory variables at the individual level are gender and further socio-demographic variables. At the country level, we include expenditures on health care, and the female labor force participation rate.
Results: The results show that women, as well as those living in countries with high expenditure on health care and high female labor force participation rates, are less supportive of the norm that children have an obligation to provide care for their parents. Furthermore, the gender effect is stronger in countries with a higher female labor force participation rate.
Conclusion: Norms and values on family care are not fixed and can change, as suggested by the differences between countries. They are also not shared by all social groups equally, as the differences between women and men and along other socio-demographics show.
Uso de caracterização morfométrica e geomorfológica na análise de mapeamentos de cicatrizes de escorregamentos
Authors: Schwarz Heron , Michel Gean Paulo , Zanandrea Franciele , Paul Leonardo Rodolfo , Salvador Clarissa Guerra
Published: January 2023

Os inventários de cicatrizes são fundamentais no entendimento do processo de deflagração de escorregamentos. A carência de métodos padronizados de mapeamento de cicatrizes, contudo, limita sua análise comparativa. O presente artigo discute, a partir da análise de características das cicatrizes, as similaridades e diferenças entre mapeamentos obtidos por duas metodologias distintas. Foi utilizada como área de estudo a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Mascarada, localizada na região nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os métodos de mapeamento empregados foram: (i) mapeamento manual: através da vetorização de cicatrizes em sobreposição a imagens multiespectrais; e, (ii) mapeamento semiautomatizado: gerado através de análise de variação do Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index 2, adotando um limiar de declividade mínima. As características analisadas foram subdividas em (i) morfométricas: associadas à forma da cicatriz; e (ii) geomorfológicas: associadas à encosta onde ocorreu a deflagração. Os métodos apresentaram divergências no total de cicatrizes mapeadas e em todas as características analisadas, com maiores diferenças nas morfométricas. Atribuem-se as diferenças, principalmente, na imposição do limiar de declividade adotado no mapeamento semiautomatizado, que implica em cicatrizes com menor comprimento e maior declividade. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de escolha do método e sua padronização, baseado na finalidade do inventário.
Monitoramento da microtopografia do solo em trilhas de uso público no litoral do Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina
Authors: Marques de Lima Guilherme , de Almeida Rangel Luana , Teixeira Guerra Antonio Jose
Published: January 2023

A erosão hídrica superficial é um dos processos responsáveis pela degradação dos solos, especialmente em áreas tropicais, devido aos elevados índices pluviométricos. A análise da microtopografia do solo é um dos métodos de mensurar a evolução e desenvolvimento deste processo, principalmente em áreas sob uso intensivo, como trilhas em unidades de conservação. O litoral do Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, apresenta diversos pontos de interesse geoturístico, que atraem inúmeros visitantes diariamente, desencadeando vários impactos ambientais nas trilhas que dão acesso a estes atrativos. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a evolução espaço-temporal dos processos erosivos no leito de duas trilhas deste parque, através do monitoramento da microtopografia do solo em dois períodos distintos. Posteriormente, os resultados foram correlacionados com os dados das precipitações pluviométricos e com as características fisiográficas da área. Constatou-se que ambos os pontos monitorados estão sofrendo com a perda de solo devido, principalmente, aos elevados índices pluviométricos, que se concentram nos meses de dezembro e janeiro. A visitação intensa e desordenada, a cobertura vegetal e quantidade de serrapilheira foram fatores que possivelmente influenciaram a evolução destes processos no leito das trilhas, gerando dinâmicas distintas entre os pontos monitorados.
Quantitative detection of organic mercury in whole blood using derivatization and gas chromatographynegative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry
Authors: Lyu Zhaoqing , Soleman Sani Rachman , Li Meng , Harada Kouji H.
Published: January 2023

The Minamata disease, first identified in Japan in the 1950s, is caused by severe methylmercury (MeHg) poisoning. To prevent the development of this disease, routine evaluation of MeHg levels in blood samples is crucial. The purpose of this research was to explore the use of derivatization and capillary gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (GC-NCI-MS) for the quantitative detection of both organic and inorganic mercury in blood samples. Alkyl mercury in standard solutions was extracted as halide salts in toluene with hydrohalic acid. Fat contents in whole blood samples were removed by methyl isobutyl ketone and hexane using a cysteine/alkaline solution and then organic mercury was extracted as a bromide complex using toluene and cupper chloride solution. The linearity of the response ratio vs. concentration curves (R2) was 0.987 for methylmercury bromide and 0.990 for ethylmercury bromide. over the calibration range of 0.02 ng/mL to 20 ng/mL. The recovery of MeHg and ethylmercury (EtHg) was 67.1% and 49.3%, respectively. The concentrations of MeHg in whole blood samples determined using GC with an electron capture detector agreed with those determined using GC-NCI-MS, with a correlation coefficient of 0.923. The mean concentration of MeHg in a certified reference material (NMIJ CRM 7402-a) determined using GC-NCI-MS was 0.64 μg/g, comparable with the certified value of 0.58 μg/g. Our study demonstrates a simple and low-cost approach for analyzing mercury in biological samples, although further optimization is required given the relatively low recovery and the concern about the toxicity of methyl isobutyl ketone.
‘Popcorn Diplomacy’: American Blockbusters and World Order
Authors: Artamonova U.
Published: January 2023

Tensions in U.S-Russia relations have been on the rise over the last years. This article attempts to examine them through the prism of the clash between two different world order paradigms. While Russia has been promoting the concept of multipolarity as the next step from unipolarity, the U.S. abides by the concept of a ‘rule-based order built after the WWII with the American singular leadership’. The author argues that among public diplomacy instruments one of the most powerful in terms of promoting the American-centric paradigm of the world order are blockbusters – ‘popcorn diplomacy’. The paper offers an insight into how Hollywood movies are linked with Washington’s narrative of the world order. First of all, author explains why cinema should be considered a part of the U.S. public diplomacy’s arsenal, presenting several examples of both official and unofficial collaboration between American government and movie pictures’ industry. Using the methods of the popular geopolitics theory and cultural hegemony theory and applying content-analysis to several American popular blockbusters (chosen on the basis of their global popularity and popularity in Russia in particular), the author identifies certain techniques that help advance the American perception of the world and manipulate the public opinion in U.S. national interests. Specifically, article pays attention to what kind of picture is being presented to audience through movies via multiplication of geopolitical clichés, manipulation of historical facts and exploiting the symbolism of fictional plots that can be easily interpreted in terms of the U.S. national interests and foreign policy doctrine. In conclusion, the article discusses what risks and opportunities this policy poses for Russia.
EU Defence Policies Through the Lens of Danish TV Debates
Authors: Belukhin N.
Published: January 2023

Denmark held the referendum on removing the country’s EU-defence opt-out on June 1, 2022. The referendum has resulted in extensive televised socio-political discussions not only about integration opt-outs, but also about the upcoming development of the EU CSDP and whether its foreseeable future suits Denmark’s interests. The article analyzes the two rounds of television debates on the abolition of the defense opt-out broadcast on the leading national TV channel ‘DR1’. The ratio of utilitarian and value arguments of supporters and opponents of the abolition of Danish exceptions in the field of EU defense integration was considered. The arguments provided by the participants of the debates were divided into several groups regarding ‘Danish security’, ‘Denmark's influence in the EU’, ‘defense spending’, ‘compatibility between EU and NATO’, ‘solidarity with allies’ and other aspects. Unique arguments and statements that were difficult to attribute to one group or another are also highlighted. The television debates mirror Denmark's dubious position towards the EU – on the one hand, the desire for a stronger and more independent role for the EU in world politics and the EU's more substantial contribution to the regional stability, and on the other hand, reluctance to deepen defense cooperation and limited resources, with the latter raising a question of priorities between NATO and EU defence initiatives. During the debates the advocates for Denmark’s deeper integration within the EU CSDP stressed their strict adherence to intergovernmental approach in the field of defence cooperation.
Professional Labour Mobility in Russia
Authors: Khokhlova M.
Published: January 2023

Professional adaptation of the workforce to the demands of the labour market in 2013–2020 in Russia reflected the impact that the technological revolution had on this process. The 2018–2020 Coronavirus pandemic years, when there was a reduction in the workforce among office workers, due to forced computerization of their job functions in the process of transferring to remote work, stand out in particular. The profession is a social institution. The professional mobility of the workforce, which is driven by social or technological revolutions, structures society. Meanwhile, the nature and speed of the effects on society are different in both cases. The precipitous exit from professions in the early 1990s, accompanied by vertical mobility, is characteristic of a social revolution, whereas under the influence of the technological revolution between 2012 and 2020, occupational mobility does not exhibit such striking dynamics and is predominantly horizontal in nature. It is important to note that the article considers those in the labour force – the employed and the unemployed – as parts of a single whole, whose search for employment in the labour market is motivated by and subject to the same patterns. The unemployed, as a more mobile part of the labour force, are the first to ‘guess’ the vector of change in the structure of employment. The phenomenon of the same pattern of inter-professional mobility of the employed and the unemployed was noticed when observing the labor market in the 1990s. It was indicative of a structural shift. It was the occupational groups in which this phenomenon was observed that were more frequently demonstrating vertical mobility. Similarly, a decrease in employment and unemployment in agriculture, along with an increase in both among the higher-skilled labour force, indicated the emergence of a post-industrial society in Russia in 2012–2020. These changes in professional employment are social in nature, as they are accompanied by changes in living standards and lifestyles; not only the material situation but mindset is changing, leading to new demands for quality of life. This conclusion can be drawn from Rosstat data on 35 occupations, and on this basis calculations and diagrams were made, with absolute figures provided.
The Actualization of the Cuban Model of Social and Economic Development and Its Impact on National Foreign Policy
Authors: Checkmarev A.
Published: January 2023

The ‘actualization’ of the Cuban social and economic model is a set of measures taken by the Cuban government to improve the country's socio-economic situation by attracting foreign capital and developing the private sector of the economy. These reforms are unprecedented in the history of socialist Cuba, since the country's leadership has never resorted to such comprehensive and profound reforms before. These measures include partial revision of tenets of Cuban statehood that previously seemed immutable. Such metamorphoses executed by Havana, despite their domestic political nature, have had a significant impact on the country's foreign policy, its bilateral relations with key world actors, and have changed Cuba's role and status both at the global and regional levels. ‘Actualization’ was a well-timed response of the Cuban government to the revision of the foundations of U.S. regional policy in Latin America under B. Obama, which subsequently allowed the parties to begin the so-called ‘Cuban thaw’ in bilateral relations. The transformation affected relations between Havana and the European Union, which were institutionalized due to the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement and turned the EU into Caribbean state’s important investment and trade partner. China and countries of Latin America have also felt the effects of Cuba's socio-economic transformation. The evolution of Russian-Cuban relations which have undergone significant changes over the past two decades deserves particular attention in the context of ‘actualization’. A fold increase in bilateral trade turnover and the development of political dialogue between Moscow and Havana are markers of positive dynamics. However, it cannot be claimed that the Russian side has totally benefited from the Cuban socio-economic reforms, given the unique potential that Russia has in regard to Cuba.
The Stages of Armed Forces Formation: Unlearned Lessons of Afghanistan
Authors: Zimin I.
Published: January 2023

In this article, the author looks into the stages of formation of the military organization and the transformation of the armed forces’ role in the political system of the Afghan state from the moment the country gained independence to the present day. The goals that were assigned to the army by the leaders of Afghanistan at different periods of time, the degree of their implementation, as well as the methods of reformation and ideological motivation of the armed forces are analyzed. The interdependence between the formation of the armed forces of Afghanistan and the strengthening or weakening of statehood is examined. The issues of forming the national armed forces are studied in the context of three main stages in the development of the modern Afghan state, each of those determined the special role of the army as a political institution and at the same time reflected the impact of the military organization of the army on political development. The first period refers to the formation of the modern Afghan state starting from 1919, when the country gained independence as a result of the Third Anglo-Afghan War, and ending with the events of 1978 (the ‘Saur Revolution’). The second one represents the time spent in Afghanistan by a limited contingent of Soviet troops from 1979 to 1989, as well as the time the Marxist government was in power and introduced their reforms. The third period is marked by the destruction of previously established institutions under the influence of deepening civil conflict and the consequences of the US military operation ‘Enduring Freedom’ (2001–2014) and NATO-led ‘Resolute Support’ mission (2014–2021).
Pandemic restrictions are over: an overview of changes in the main economic indicators of enterprises. Part 1. Production, prices, employment, financial situation of companies and profitability
Authors: Batyaeva A.
Published: January 2023

The article outlines the dynamics of output, prices, wages, employment and various indicators characterizing the financial situation of enterprises during the pandemic period. It is shown that output and employment decreased during the covid period not as considerably as it was expected, and the indicators characterizing prices increased very significantly. Inflation processes unfolded during this period more actively than the indicators of physical output and employment decreased. Being at very low values by the beginning of the covid period, the financial situation of the surveyed enterprises significantly improved by its end and returned to the highs of the pre-pandemic period, and in terms of profitability and the share of companies who consider the probability of their bankruptcy in the coming year or two unrealistic, reached record highs for the entire observation period.
Lichen simplex chronicus of the vulva. Current diagnostic and treatment options
Authors:   Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chernova N.I. , Novikova D.B. ,   A.I.Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation, Atabieva A.Ya. ,   Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2023

This study presents the current data on the clinical features of lichen simplex chronicus of the vulva, its timely diagnosis, options and duration of treatment and dosage regimens. Key words: vulvar lichen simplex chronicus, clinical features, diagnosis, therapy, topical glucocorticoids
Endocrine and metabolic effects of oral contraceptives containing estetrol and drospirenone
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, Orazov M.R. , Radzinsky V.E. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dolgov E.D. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ermakov V.V. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2023

To this day, combined oral contraceptives (COCs) remain one of the most reliable methods of contraception. Besides the obvious advantages, COCs can also have several adverse health effects associated with metabolic disorders. Therefore, it has become necessary to search for COCs with the most favorable endocrine and metabolic profile. Studies have appeared investigating the metabolic effects of a new COC containing estetrol and drospirenone, potentially capable of producing a range of positive metabolic and risk-reducing effects. Key words: estetrol, drospirenone, metabolic effects, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profile, bone mineralization
Ultrasound evaluation of fetal spleen dimensions
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation, Perepelitsa S.A. , Bakhalova G.E. ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation, Sharapova Yu.A. ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation, Sharapova G.M. ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
Published: January 2023

Objective. To examine the ultrasonic morphometric parameters of fetal spleen at 23–40 weeks’ gestation. Patients and methods. This study included 75 patients with complicated pregnancy. Morphometric measurements of spleen dimensions (length, width, and thickness) were additionally performed during a standard fetal ultrasound. The data obtained were used to calculate spleen weight and spleen mass coefficient (SMC). Results. SMC ranging from 1.5 to 4 indicates the absence of spleen enlargement, SMC greater than 4 indicates splenomegaly and less than 1.5 – microsplenia. Splenomegaly was detected in 48% of the fetuses. Conclusion. The aim of prenatal ultrasound is the earliest possible diagnosis of splenomegaly as a marker of fetal immune response to a probable inflammatory or infectious process. Key words: spleen mass coefficient, newborns, spleen, splenomegaly, ultrasound
Role of placental pathomorphological changes in the pathogenesis of early pre-eclampsia in twin and singleton pregnancies
Authors:   Surgut State University, Surgut, Russian Federation, Belotserkovtseva L.D. ,   Surgut District Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Health, Surgut, Russian Federation, Kovalenko L.V. ,   Surgut State University, Surgut, Russian Federation, Kudrinskikh I.A. ,   Surgut State University, Surgut, Russian Federation, Mordovina I.I. ,   Surgut State University, Surgut, Russian Federation, Starodumova V.A. ,   Surgut District Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Health, Surgut, Russian Federation, Shchepkina E.A. ,   Surgut State University, Surgut, Russian Federation
Published: January 2023

Objective. To compare the features of placental pathology in twin and singleton pregnancies complicated by early preeclampsia. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 211 placental pathomorphological examinations in patients with early preeclampsia was performed. The first (study) group composed of placentas obtained from patients with twin pregnancy and early pre-eclampsia (n = 108); the second (comparison) group composed of placentas obtained from patients with singleton pregnancy and early pre-eclampsia (n = 103). Placental histopathological examination was conducted according to a generally accepted method with assessing the signs of circulatory disorders in the maternal-placental-fetal system and the degree of infectious and inflammatory lesions. Results. Fetal and placental massometric parameters were higher in the study group (p < 0.001); a subcompensated form of placental insufficiency, villous maturation disorders, intervillous hemorrhage and thrombosis, chorangiosis, and angiospastic arteriopathy (p < 0.001) were statistically significantly more common in the comparison group. Conclusion. Maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion was more pronounced in the group of singleton pregnancy with early preeclampsia, which indicates different pathophysiological mechanisms of early pre-eclampsia as opposed to multiple pregnancy. Key words: multiple pregnancy, placental pathomorphology, maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion, early pre-eclampsia
Role of pectopexy in cystocele correction
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation, Dubinskaya E.D. , Gasparov A.S. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation, Babicheva I.A. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation, Kolesnikova S.N. ,   Moscow Medical University “Reaviz”, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2023

Objective. To study and compare the long-term outcomes of surgical correction of cystocele with and without correction of apical prolapse by pectopexy. Design. A prospective study. Patients and methods. A total of 60 patients with cystocele stage 2 or more and apical prolapse stage 1 according to POP-Q (Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System) were examined; 30 patients underwent classical anterior colpoperineorrhaphy and other 30 – combined surgeries, including anterior colporrhaphy and pectopexy. The long-term outcomes of treatment were assessed after 24 months. De novo prolapse stage 2 or more according to POP-Q was considered as prolapse recurrence. Results. The use of pectopexy in the complex surgical treatment of anterior vaginal wall prolapse combined with early stages of apical prolapse (which is not the leading point of prolapse) significantly improved long-term outcomes: 24 months after surgical treatment, cystocele stage 1 was registered only in 13.3% of cases, and 93.3% of patients had no apical prolapse. In the group of patients without pectopexy, progression of apical prolapse to stage 2 was observed in 50% of patients after 24 months. Conclusion. When planning the surgical correction of cystocele, the presence or absence of “hidden” early defects of apical support should be considered. Pectopexy in the correction of apical prolapse combined with cystocele is effective, safe, and pathogenetically sound. Its use improves the long-term outcomes of cystocele treatment and reduces the probability of recurrence. Key words: apical prolapse, long-term treatment outcomes, anterior vaginal wall prolapse, pectopexy, surgical correction, cystocele