bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyatomic Shape Resonances and Dispersed Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Kelly L.A. , Poliakoff E.D.
Published: September 2022

Vibrational branching ratios serve as sensitive experimental probes of resonance phenomena in molecular photoionization.1 In the absence of resonant excitation, the Franck-Condon approximation holds and vibrational branching ratios are independent of photon energy. Conversely, deviation from Franck-Condon behavior is an indicator of resonance excitation, such as shape resonant excitation. We have studied vibrationally resolved aspects of shape resonant excitation. This work is summarized briefly, followed by a discussion of new directions that will be made possible by intense free electron laser (FEL) sources. Shape resonant excitation occurs at relatively high incident photon energies, and for lack of a better source, is best studied using synchrotron radiation. This experiment is performed by generating dispersed fluorescence spectra from electronically excited photoions. The results described here are the first vibrationally resolved results on a polyatomic shape resonance and they illustrate the utility of extending this work, which should be possible for a wide variety of systems, given FEL sources. A central motivation for studying polyatomic shape resonances is that alternative vibrational modes may be explored, revealing facets that are nonexistent for diatomic systems, which have only a single vibrational degree of freedom.
High speed optical correlation using multiple quantum well photorefractive spatial light modulators
Authors: Beadie G. , Rabinovich W. S. , Bowman S. R. , Tucker J. E. , Muth J. , Adler C. L. , Stone Bradley R. , Ikossi-Anastasiou K.
Published: September 2022

Optical correlators have, for over three decades, been considered as attractive alternatives to digital image processing for a variety of pattern recognition tasks1. Until recently however, there has been a lack of appropriate materials with which to implement these devices. A practical correlator requires an efficient, compact source of coherent light, a fast “optical memory” for displaying templates and, for joint-transform correlators, a sensitive, high resolution optically addressed spatial light modulator (OASLM). In this paper we discuss an optical correlator that uses a laser diode as the light source along with a GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well optically addressed spatial light modulator (MQW-OASLM)2. The template images are supplied either by fixed images on film or by a ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator (FLC-SLM).
Design of Form Birefringent Computer Generated Holograms
Authors: Xu Fang , Tyan Rong-Chung , Sun Pang-Chen , Fainman Yeshayahu , Cheng Chuan-Cheng , Scherer Axel
Published: September 2022

Form birefringence is a well known effect of subwavelength periodic microstructures. The electric fields parallel to the grating grooves (TE polarization) and perpendicular to the grating grooves (TM polarization) need to satisfy different boundary conditions, resulting in different effective refractive indices for TE and TM polarized waves.1. Many researchers have demonstrated this effect in the far infrared (IR) region.2,3 Recently, with the help of the advances in nanofabrication, 200 nm period gratings were fabricated in GaAs substrate showing strong form birefringence in near IR.4 Furthermore, these results were found to be in agreement with the numerical simulation results obtained using rigorous couple wave analysis (RCWA).5,6 Chen et. al. have demonstrated a polarization insensitive diffractive optical element using two dimensional subwavelength periodic microstructures.7 Due to its unique properties, form birefringent material is suitable in constructing novel birefringent computer generated holograms (BCGHs). Such BCGHs are general purpose diffractive optical elements (DOEs) that have independent impulse responses for the two orthogonal polarizations8,9. Aoyama et. al. have demonstrated a grating beam splitting polarizer using subwavelength grating fabricated in photo resist.10 The polarization contrast ratios, defined as the ratio of intensities obtained under two orthogonal polarizations at the designed diffraction order, were about 6:1 and 3:1 for the zeroth and first diffraction orders, respectively. In contrast, our approach is based on creating artificially a birefringent layer using a high spatial frequency grating (HSFG) which is then modulated by a large period diffractive structure similar to conventional DOEs. We call this approach form birefringent CGH (FBCGH). In our preliminary work11 we have designed, fabricated and experimentally evaluated a novel FBCGH that implements a diffractive polarization beam splitter. In this manuscript we describe a general design method of FBCGH and discuss specific design examples.
A Token-based Dynamically Reconfigurable Optical Backplane
Authors: Angliss Brian E. , Hinton H. Scott
Published: September 2022

This paper will present an architecture for a reconfigurable optical backplane where the communications capacity (the number of parallel connections) between processing elements or switching nodes located on the supported printed circuit boards is dynamically reconfigurable. The dynamic reconfiguration will be controlled by a time-multiplexed two-dimensional (2-D) token that will traverse the ring-based HyperPlane.[1,2] This improvment in smart pixel intelligence will significantly enhance performance for moderately and lightly loaded systems.
Recent Trends and Prospects of Optical Computing in Japan
Authors: Ichioka Yoshiki
Published: September 2022

Recent trends of optical computing researches in Japan are introduced, focusing on the latest R&D activities on analog and/or digital optical computing systems, optical interconnections, optoelectronic functional devices. As new trends of optical computing research, vision optical computers and temporal-spatial optical computing systems for high-speed visual information processing and communication are presented.
OEIC Architecture for a High Order Correlation Connectionist Network
Authors: Hayes E.M. , Stanko P. , Azimi M.R. , Wilmsen C.W.
Published: September 2022

The extraction of features of two or more consecutive scans from pictures is of great interest in today’s world. The technique of high order correlation to track dim targets has been developed at Colorado State University to accomplish this task.1 We have designed and had fabricated an optoelectronic chip (OEIC) though the MIT OPTOCHIP program as a first demonstration of this neural network. The chips have the ability to perform hard limit thresholding, store the outputs, and broadcast the outputs to the next stage. This paper will discuss the high order correlation neural network, and the optoelectronic chips designed as a demonstrator for the network.
Planar optical implementation of fractional correlation
Authors: Song Seok Ho , Lee El-Hang , Park Suntak , Kim Pill Soo , Oh Cha Hwan
Published: September 2022

The fractional Fourier transform (FRT) has recently been developed as a generalized form of the conventional Fourier transform[1]. Since the FRT can represent both the spatial-domain and frequency-domain information, the fractional correlator(FC) on the basis of the FRT operation is known as one of powerful approaches to obtain space-variant pattern recognition[2]. The space-variant property of FRT can make correlation peaks which are much brighter and narrower than the exact Fourier transform-based correlation peaks. This space-variance of the fractional correlation, however, requires high accuracy in alignment and robust stability in maintenance.
Misalignment-Tolerant Receiver Arrays
Authors: Tooley F. A. P. , Shang A. Z. , Sinha P.
Published: September 2022

This poster will present experimental measurements of the performance
of a misalignment tolerant receiver array which we have had fabricated
and which is currently being tested. It consists of a 2-D array of
CMOS detectors and receivers with each cell linked to its nearest
neighbours in 8 directions. Data re-routing is accomplished using
information from receivers at the edge of the array. It implements
‘virtual alignment’ which proposes that: “Just as optics may
help relax some of the limitations confronting electrical
interconnections within microelectronic systems, so also may
microelectronics help relax the limitations which would confront
purely optical solutions to the interconnect problem"[1].
Information Leakage Estimates in Quantum Cryptography
Authors: Slutsky Boris A. , Rao R. , Tancevski L. , Sun P. C. , Fainman Y.
Published: September 2022

Quantum cryptography permits two parties, who share no secret information initially, to communicate over an open channel and establish between themselves a shared secret sequence of bits [1]. Quantum cryptography is provably secure against an eavesdropping attack because any attempt by a third party to monitor a quantum cryptographic channel reveals itself through transmission errors between the legitimate users.
Multidimensional Photon Echo Optical Processing
Authors: Anderson Ken , Wagner Kelvin H.
Published: September 2022

We explore architectures using the unique photon-echo temporal processing capabilites of spatial-spectral holograms, including novel optical scanners, spectrum analyzers, correlators. image sequence correlators, and high frame-rate rasterized image correlators.
Prediction of metasurface spectral response based on a deep neural network
Authors: Chen Ying , Ding Zhixin , Wang JianKun , Zhou Jian , Zhang Min
Published: September 2022

The two-dimensional optical metasurface can realize the free regulation of light waves through the free design of structure, which is highly appreciated by researchers. As there are high requirements for computer hardware, long time for simulation calculations, and data waste in the process of using the time-domain finite-difference method to solve the optical properties of the metasurface, the deep neural network (DNN) is proposed to predict the spectral response of an optical metasurface. The structural parameters of the metasurface are taken as inputs and the metasurface transmission spectrum is used as the output. To achieve better prediction results, different gradient descent algorithms were selected and the parameters of the DNN model were optimized. After 5 × 104 times of epoch training, the loss function mean squared error (MSE) reaches 2.665 × 10−3, the sum error of 98% test data is less than 3.23, and the relative error is less than 2%. The results show that the DNN model has an excellent prediction effect. Compared with the traditional simulation method, the efficiency of this model is improved by 104 times, which can improve the efficiency of optical micro-nano structure design.
Reduction of relative intensity noise in a broadband source-driven RFOG using a high-frequency modulation technique
Authors: Liu Shuang , Liu Lu , Hu Junyi , Liu Qingwen , Ma Huilian , He Zuyuan
Published: September 2022

A broadband source-driven resonant fiber-optic gyroscope (RFOG) can reduce coherence-related noise, thus achieving a better sensitivity with a much simpler configuration than the traditional system with a coherent source. Its detection sensitivity, however, is still limited by the excess relative intensity noise (RIN) of the broadband source. In this paper, the RIN error mechanism in this broadband source-driven RFOG is revealed and countermeasures are presented. We demonstrate that the use of a high-finesse fiber-optic ring resonator and a high-frequency modulation-demodulation technique can reduce the RIN-induced error. It is indicated that the optimal modulation parameters can provide a RIN-induced error reduction of 6.1 dB, allowing the broadband source-driven RFOG to operate near the shot-noise-limited theoretical sensitivity. With the optimal high-frequency modulation-demodulation technique, an angle random walk of 0.0013°/√h is achieved with a 200-m-long fiber-optic ring resonator of 7.6 cm diameter. This is the best result reported to date, to the best of our knowledge, for fiber-optic gyroscopes of this size.
Active metasurface in the near-infrared region by gating ultrathin TiN films
Authors: Jiang Huan , Zhu Wenchang , Huang Junhao , Zhang Hui , Zhao Weiren
Published: September 2022

Ultrathin titanium nitride (TiN) films have become a novel material flatform for constructing active metasurfaces in the near-infrared region. In this Letter, we numerically achieved the dual functions of switchable linear dichroism (LD) and tunable perfect absorption in a G-shape gold resonators/TiN film hybrid metasurface by gating ultrathin TiN films. As the carrier density of TiN decreases, the modulation depth for LD strength is about 70% at 1211 nm. Meanwhile, the response wavelength of perfect absorption (∼1) shifts to the blue by around 130 nm with a change of carrier density of 12%. Our proposed active metasurface with the capability of strength-switchable LD and wavelength-tunable perfect absorption has considerable potential in dynamic electro-optic modulation and flat photonic devices with reconfigurable functionalities.
Hyperspectral image super-resolution via a multi-stage scheme without employing spatial degradation
Authors: Cao Xuheng , Lian Yusheng , Liu Zilong , Zhou Han , Wang Bin , Zhang Wan , Huang Beiqing
Published: September 2022

Recently, it has become popular to obtain a high spatial resolution hyperspectral image (HR-HSI) by fusing a low spatial resolution hyperspectral image (LR-HSI) with a high spatial resolution RGB image (HR-RGB). Existing HSI super-resolution methods are designed based on a known spatial degeneration. In practice, it is difficult to obtain correct spatial degradation, which restricts the performance of existing methods. Therefore, we propose a multi-stage scheme without employing the spatial degradation model. The multi-stage scheme consists of three stages: initialization, modification, and refinement. According to the angle similarity between the HR-RGB pixel and LR-HSI spectra, we first initialize a spectrum for each HR-RGB pixel. Then, we propose a polynomial function to modify the initialized spectrum so that the RGB color values of the modified spectrum are the same as the HR-RGB. Finally, the modified HR-HSI is refined by a proposed optimization model, in which a novel, to the best of our knowledge, spectral-spatial total variation (SSTV) regularizer is investigated to keep the spectral and spatial structure of the reconstructed HR-HSI. The experimental results on two public datasets and our real-world images demonstrate our method outperforms eight state-of-the-art existing methods in terms of both reconstruction accuracy and computational efficiency.
C-band 120-Gb/s PAM-4 transmissions over a 100-km dispersion-uncompensated SSMF using joint combined pulse shaping and low-complexity nonlinear equalization
Authors: Wu Xiong , Zhang Junwei , Tao Lau Alan Pak , Lu Chao
Published: September 2022

In C-band intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) systems, the frequency-dependent power fading induced by chromatic dispersion (CD) and square-law detection limits the transmission capacity and distance, especially for beyond 100-Gb/s transmissions over a 100-km dispersion-uncompensated link. To reach this goal, we propose a scheme of nonlinear pre-distortion, novel, to the best of our knowledge, combined pulse shaping, and post nonlinear equalization for four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4)-based IM/DD systems. At the transmitter, the nonlinear pre-distortion is used to generate unequally spaced PAM-4 symbols for pre-compensating the nonlinearities. While the novel pulse shaping, simply shaped by the linear combination of two inter-symbol interference (ISI)-free pulses, alters the frequency-domain power distribution of the PAM-4 signal and results in performance improvement. At the receiver, low-complexity post nonlinear equalization using an absolute-term based nonlinear equalizer with weight sharing (AT-NLE-WS) is performed to eliminate CD-induced power fading and residual nonlinear impairments. With the cooperation of these techniques, record 120-Gb/s PAM-4 signals are successfully transmitted over a 100-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) with the measured bit error ratio (BER) below 3.8 × 10−3, achieving >9% improvement of system capacity in comparison with the conventional pulse shaping schemes.
Exciton binding energy and effective mass of CsPbCl3: a magneto-optical study: publisher’s note
Authors: Baranowski Michal , Plochocka Paulina , Su Rui , Legrand Laurent , Barisien Thierry , Bernardot Frederick , Xiong Qihua , Testelin Christophe , Chamarro Maria
Published: September 2022

This publisher’s note corrects the author name spelling in Photon. Res. 8, A50 (2020)10.1364/PRJ.401872.
Optoelectronic/VLSI
Authors: Goossen K.W.
Published: September 2022

A great goal of optics in computing is the eventual failure of electrical interconnects. This leads to two guiding principles for smart pixel technologies, which integrate optoelectronic devices to electronics for optical read-in/out. One, that the electronics be state-of-the-art, or, in other words, not compromised by the integration with optoelectronics, since the above stated goal will be reached sooner with leading edge electronics. Two, since a probable failure mode of electrical interconnects is a limitation of electrical chip pin-out, the number of optical channels per chip must be in the thousands, since it is apparently not until this number is reached that there will be a problem. Therefore, any integration process must be capable of producing such numbers of optoelectronic devices, preferably in a single step. Also, since currently only MQW modulators are available in arrays this large, that is what we use for the transmitting device. It is convenient that the MQW modulator also functions as a detector, but as described below we also have the capability of multiple levels of integration for dissimilar input and output devices.
Smart Pixels for Optical Wireless Applications
Authors: O'Brien D C , Edwards D.J. , Parry G. , Street A M. , Stavrinou P.N. , Samaras K.
Published: September 2022

Most smart pixel systems use optical channels that are highly directed; Care is taken to use efficient optical paths that transfer as much energy as possible from source to detector. In this paper we describe the use of highly inefficient ‘loosely directed’ optical channels in wireless local area networks, and how smart pixel integration techniques can be applied to such systems.
High-resolution LCTV-SLM and its application to holography
Authors: HASHIMOTO Nobuyuki
Published: September 2022

The MIM active matrix liquid crystal device with pixel pitch of 30 μm has been developed and its holographic display characteristics and application to 3D holography have been studied. In the system, a CCD camera reads holographic fringes with quite low career spatial frequency and the fringes are transferred and displayed on the SLM. We use the spatial filtering technique to reduce 0 th. order diffracted light on reconstruction. Recent results of polarization filtering to remove 0 th. order light and of 3M pixel LCDs using MIM technology are presented.
A planarized LCOS display for projection applications
Authors: Schuck Miller H. , McKnight Douglas J. , Johnson Kristina M.
Published: September 2022

Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCOS) spatial light modulators (SLM’s) and microdisplays are made by placing a thin layer of liquid crystal directly on top of a silicon chip. We have constructed a high speed 256 by 256 binary SLM which uses a ferroelectric liquid crystal as the light modulating layer [1]. We have also recently constructed a high speed distorted helix effect analog 128 by 128 SLM [2] and a high voltage 128 by 128 analog SLM using the electroclinic effect in BDH764E [3]. This work has been motivated by the performance requirements of coherent applications which typically include high frame rate, small pixel pitch and good diffraction efficiency into a single (zeroth) diffracted order. These devices have been sucessfully used in optical correlators and holographic interconnect systems [4].
Dielectric Behavior Of Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals
Authors: Vicari L.
Published: September 2022

A Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) is a dispersion of liquid crystal microdroplets in a polymeric binder. Droplets are randomly oriented anisotropic spheres and, if their size is close to visible light wavelength, produce a strong light scattering so that the sample is translucent. Light scattering is due to the refractive index mismatch between droplets and surrounding polymer, and can be controlled by changing the droplets effective refractive index: this can be achieved in different manners, but usually it is easily obtained applying an external, low frequency, electric field. Possible applications range from large scale flexible displays to windows with controlled transparency or thermal sensors.In recent papers we have presented detailed experimental and theoretical studies of the behavior of a PDLC sample when a light beam impinges on it. Here we study the frequency dependence of light transmittance in a PDLC sample. To this aim we use a mathematical model assuming the liquid crystal dielectric permittivities ε|| and ε⊥ to be the most important parameters for the applied field frequency dependence of light transmittance. Theoretical results show a sudden decrease of the transmitted intensity increasing the frequency of the applied voltage. We present also preliminary experimental results confirming this behavior.
Investigating differential abundance methods in microbiome data: A benchmark study
Authors: Cappellato Marco , Baruzzo Giacomo , Di Camillo Barbara
Published: September 2022

The development of increasingly efficient and cost-effective high throughput DNA sequencing techniques has enhanced the possibility of studying complex microbial systems. Recently, researchers have shown great interest in studying the microorganisms that characterise different ecological niches. Differential abundance analysis aims to find the differences in the abundance of each taxa between two classes of subjects or samples, assigning a significance value to each comparison. Several bioinformatic methods have been specifically developed, taking into account the challenges of microbiome data, such as sparsity, the different sequencing depth constraint between samples and compositionality. Differential abundance analysis has led to important conclusions in different fields, from health to the environment. However, the lack of a known biological truth makes it difficult to validate the results obtained. In this work we exploit metaSPARSim, a microbial sequencing count data simulator, to simulate data with differential abundance features between experimental groups. We perform a complete comparison of recently developed and established methods on a common benchmark with great effort to the reliability of both the simulated scenarios and the evaluation metrics. The performance overview includes the investigation of numerous scenarios, studying the effect on methods’ results on the main covariates such as sample size, percentage of differentially abundant features, sequencing depth, feature variability, normalisation approach and ecological niches. Mainly, we find that methods show a good control of the type I error and, generally, also of the false discovery rate at high sample size, while recall seem to depend on the dataset and sample size.
Relation of incident chronic disease with changes in muscle function, mobility, and self-reported health: Results from the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Davis James , Lim Eunjung , Taira Deborah A. , Chen John
Published: September 2022

The primary objective was to learn the extent that muscle function, mobility, and self-reported health decline following incident diabetes, stroke, lung problem, and heart problems. A secondary objective was to measure subsequent recovery following the incident events. A longitudinal panel study of the natural history of four major chronic diseases using the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative sample of adults over age 50 years. People first interviewed from 1998–2004 were followed across five biannual exams. The study included 5,665 participants who reported not having diabetes, stroke, lung problems, and heart problems at their baseline interview. Their mean age was 57.3 years (SD = 6.0). They were followed for an average of 4.3 biannual interviews. Declines and subsequent recovery in self-reported health, muscle function, and mobility were examined graphically and modeled using negative binomial regression. The study also measured the incidence rates and prevalence of single and multiple chronic diseases across the follow-up years.Self-reported health and muscle function declined significantly following incident stroke, heart problems, lung problems, and multiple chronic diseases. Mobility declined significantly except following incident diabetes. Self-reported health improved following incident multiple chronic conditions, but recovery was limited compared to initial decline. Population prevalence after five follow-up waves reached 9.0% for diabetes, 8.1% for heart problems, 3.4% for lung disease, 2.1% for stroke, and 5.2% for multiple chronic diseases. Significant declines in self-reported health, muscle function, and mobility occurred within two years of chronic disease incidence with only limited subsequent recovery. Incurring a second chronic disease further increased the declines. Early intervention following incident chronic disease seems warranted to prevent declines in strength, mobility, and perceptions of health.
Safety assessment of Mpp75Aa1.1, a new ETX_MTX2 protein from Brevibacillus laterosporus that controls western corn rootworm
Authors: Wang Cunxi , Bean Gregory J. , Chen Chun Ju , Kessenich Colton R. , Peng Jiexin , Visconti Nicolo R. , Milligan Jason S. , Moore Robert G. , Tan Jianguo , Edrington Thomas C. , Li Bin , Giddings Kara S. , Bowen David , Luo Jinhua , Ciche Todd , Moar William J.
Published: September 2022

The recently discovered insecticidal protein Mpp75Aa1.1 from Brevibacillus laterosporus is a member of the ETX_MTX family of beta-pore forming proteins (β-PFPs) expressed in genetically modified (GM) maize to control western corn rootworm (WCR; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). In this manuscript, bioinformatic analysis establishes that although Mpp75Aa1.1 shares varying degrees of similarity to members of the ETX_MTX2 protein family, it is unlikely to have any allergenic, toxic, or otherwise adverse biological effects. The safety of Mpp75Aa1.1 is further supported by a weight of evidence approach including evaluation of the history of safe use (HOSU) of ETX_MTX2 proteins and Breviballus laterosporus. Comparisons between purified Mpp75Aa1.1 protein and a poly-histidine-tagged (His-tagged) variant of the Mpp75Aa1.1 protein demonstrate that both forms of the protein are heat labile at temperatures at or above 55°C, degraded by gastrointestinal proteases within 0.5 min, and have no adverse effects in acute mouse oral toxicity studies at a dose level of 1920 or 2120 mg/kg body weight. These results support the use of His-tagged proteins as suitable surrogates for assessing the safety of their non-tagged parent proteins. Taken together, we report that Mpp75Aa1.1 is the first ETX-MTX2 insecticidal protein from B. laterosporus and displays a similar safety profile as typical Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis.
THE EFFECT OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY TOWARDS THE RESPONSE OF HOAX INFORMATION VIA WHATSAPP
Authors: Minarso Christinia , Irawati Indira
Published: September 2022

Women's ability in using technology must be completed with a good literacy to respond critically towards hoax information on WhatsApp. Likewise, the Empowerment and Family Welfare movement or Pemberdayaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK) in Situbondo, where most of the driving teams are housewives who use WhatsApp applications as their group communication. Therefore, the purposes of this study were: 1) to identify the Media and Information Literacy (MIL) of PKK Driving Team in Situbondo and hoax information responses on WhatsApp, 2) to examine the effect of MIL of PKK Driving Team in Situbondo towards hoax information responses on WhatsApp, 3) to investigate the effect of MIL of PKK Driving Team in Situbondo to the cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses of hoax information via WhatsApp. The research method used was a quantitative method with 440 respondents. The results revealed that: 1) the MIL was quite high, but the responses of hoax information were quite low, 2) there was a positive and significant effect of MIL towards hoax information responses, 3) there was a positive and significant effect of MIL to the cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses. This study provides an insight in making MIL policies for empowering PKK Driving Team in Situbondo in responding to hoax information critically and wisely.
Precision agriculture tools for liming management in mango orchards in the Brazilian semiarid region
Authors: Pereira Souza Clerison Gustavo , Sales Rodrigues Marcos , Silva Kátia Araújo da , Ferreira Lira Aíris Layanne , Ramos Moreira Filipe Bernard , Nascimento Lima Augusto Miguel
Published: September 2022

Optimizing the recommendation for the management of Liming Demand (LD) is essential for cost reduction and increased yield mango. Therefore, the objective of this study was to delimit management zones for the limestone recommendation in areas of irrigated mango in the Brazilian semiarid using precision agriculture techniques. The experiment was carried out in three commercial mango orchards located in the region of the San Francisco Valley, Brazil. Soil samples were collected in 0.0-0.2 m and 0.2-0.4 m depths following regular grids where the number of samples varied from 50 to 56. Soil analyses were performed. The kriging and inverse distance weighting method were used to interpolated the maps.  The LD map was performed from the potential cation exchange capacity (T) and bases saturation (BS) maps. It was verified that the Mandacaru area obtained 63.42% of the field requiring liming, being subdivided into four management zones. The Sempre Verde area obtained 1.20% of the area requiring liming and the Barreiro de Santa Fé area did not present a need for the LD map. The use of precision farming techniques to delineate management zones was adequate to separate the areas into smaller and more homogeneous zones, for a more precise recommendation of liming demand.
Banana bunch cover: evaluation of promising bag materials
Authors: Sant'Anna Cordeiro da Silva Marcela , Leonel Sarita , Arruda Ferreira Antonio Flávio , Mirellys Azevêdo Souza Jackson , Almeida de Oliveira Junior Marcelo , Calsavara Martins Rafaelly , Bibiano Ferreira Rafael , De Souza Silva Marcelo
Published: September 2022

Now days there has been an increase in the consumers demand for great food, produced in environmentally cost-effective and friendly processes, being increasingly necessary new cultivation techniques able to ensure the required standards for banana growers and consumers. Therefore, the research aimed to evaluate the effects of bunch cover materials on development and quality of ‘BRS Platina’ banana fruits. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with six treatments, four replications and four plants per plot, being the treatments: WB – without bagging; BBTK – black polypropylene bag (TNT) + kraft paper; BBPK - black polyethilene bag + kraft paper; KP – kraft paper; WBT – non-woven polypropylene white bag (TNT) and WBP - white polyethylene plastic bag. The ‘BRS Platina’ banana bunches cover improved fruits quality and the treatment polyethylene white bag (WBP) can be an advantageous option for the banana growers because of its effectiveness on the reduction of damages caused by flowers thrips (Frankliniella spp), providing a good agronomic performance and also does not delay the harvesting.
Macro and micronutrient accumulation in watermelon
Authors: Silva Joao Ricardo , Oliveira Roberta Camargos , Lemes Ernane Miranda , Luz José Magno Queiroz
Published: September 2022

The expansion of crop productivity such as watermelon can be reached by providing adequate nutrition in quantity and when plants need it most. It is known that well-nourished plants better resist biotic and abiotic stresses, being determinants for more sustainable management. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the plant growth, the rate of nutrient absorption, the proportion of absorption, and estimate the quantity of exported nutrients by watermelon fruits. The experiment was implemented in randomized block design with eight treatments (phenological phases) - 33 and 40 (growth), 47 and 54 (flowering), 61 and 68 (filling), 75 and 82 (maturation) days after planting (DAP). Each evaluation consisted of plant collection for dry mass, macro, and micronutrient analysis in the shoot (leaves and stems), fruits, and the entire plant. The period between 61 and 68 DAP was the one with the highest plant dry matter increment. The accumulation of macronutrients in the plant shoot showed the following decreasing order: Ca>N>K>Mg>P>S, in the fruits: K>N>P>Ca>Mg>S and in the whole plant: K>N>Ca>P>Mg>S. For micronutrients, the decreasing order of accumulation for the shoot and the entire plant were Fe>Mn>Zn>B>Cu, and for fruits were Fe>B>Zn>Mn>Cu.
The diffusion of sustainability and Dingle Peninsula 2030
Authors: Boyle Evan , McGookin Connor , de Bhailís Deirdre , Ó Gallachóir Brian , Mullally Gerard
Published: September 2022

Dingle Peninsula 2030 or Corca Dhuibhne 2030 (Irish translation), is a collaborative project which is seeking to transition a region in the peripheral south-west of Ireland to a low-carbon, sustainable community by 2030. The project has employed a novel governance structure through the formation of a collaborative committee. This committee consists of representatives of a local not-for-profit (Mol Téic), a local community development organisation (NEWKD), Ireland’s national electricity distribution system operator (ESB Networks), and our research institute (MaREI). This transdisciplinary configuration is grounded within the local community, whilst also having capacity at a national level.

Despite emerging as recently as 2018, Dingle Peninsula 2030 acts as a community based, transdisciplinary collaboration that has had impact both at a local community level, and on a wider national and international stage. The project has gathered national media coverage, been designated as a living laboratory by the United Nations, and has a sent a delegation to COP-26 to discuss the role of community based initiatives for climate action. Here, we represent the local community impact of Dingle Peninsula 2030, to date. Central to this representation is the concept of the
diffusion of sustainability, across a range of sectors including energy, transport, agriculture, education, tourism and employment
. The concept of the
diffusion of sustainability is outlined in the paper as a means through which to categories the holistic impact which community led climate action projects can facilitate across a range of sectors, using Dingle Peninsula 2030 as a case study for investigation.
Examining the Export-Led Growth Hypothesis: Empirical Evidence from Sudan
Authors: Bashir Mohamed Sharif , Ibrahim Ahmed Abdu Allah
Published: September 2022

The current study analyzes the relationship between Sudan's income growth and exports from 1970 to 2020. The system of equations using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach has been employed. The ARDL results showed that there exists a long-run relationship between the variables considered in the estimated model. The researchers observed a negative lagged error-correction term coefficient, which is highly significant in all cases supporting cointegration. The result reveals the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between GDP, export, import, labor force, and trade policy. This confirms that the export-led growth hypothesis is valid for Sudan. Thus, the most essential conclusion is that the economyâ€™s export expansion strategy is completely dependent on the imports of raw materials and capital inputs and the kind of goods being exported. The coefficient of import is of significance, which offers strong support for the import compression hypothesis. The most important policy implication of the findings is the implementation of an appropriate and optimal approach that can boost exports to increase economic growth substantially. Policy-makers should focus on export diversification strategies and invest more in Sudanâ€™s ability to provide value-added services to meet international export demand.
Place, Time, and Affect: Changing Landscapes around a New Guinea Mining Area
Authors: Jacka Jerry
Published: September 2022

In this article, I examine the interconnections about place, time, and affect and how these have changed due to transformations in the political economy of the Porgera Valley, the site of a world-class gold mine. In particular, I am interested in the oscillations between night and day, and how each is perceived along different affective dimensions, and how the terrors of the night parallel concerns with the demise of reciprocity. In the early years of mining, fears of the night were shaped by concerns about the inability to form reciprocal relations with non-human spirits. With the uneven development wrought by mining inequalities, fear of the night has been replaced by concerns over warfare with enemy groups. The article highlights the interconnected aspects of capitalist development, landscape, and affect.
THE USE OF SENTINEL-2 IMAGERY FOR TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS (TSS) ESTIMATION IN PORONG RIVER, SIDOARJO
Authors: Bioresita Filsa , Firdaus Hana Sugiastu , Pribadi Cherie Bhekti , Hariyanto Teguh , Puissant Anne
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT Sidoarjo mud disaster is an occurrence of hot mud bursts at drilling location of Lapindo Brantas Inc., Sidoarjo, Indonesia since 29th May 2006. In order to overcome the continuous mud flow, Indonesian government built embankment around the center of the mudflow. They also throw mud materials into the Porong River. The large and continuous disposal of mud material leads to sedimentation in Porong River. Remote sensing method with satellite imagery can be a solution to find out how much sedimentation occurred in Porong River as a result of mud’s disposal. Total Suspended Solid (TSS) calculation from satellite image can be indicator of sedimentation distribution.In previous studies, TSS distribution has been observed from Landsat-7 and Landsat 8 data. Nowadays, with ability of Sentinel-2 which has higher spatial resolution (10 m) and higher revisit time (up to 6 days), optimization of TSS distribution in Porong river can be done. Thus the objective of this research is analysis of Sentinel-2 imagery application to estimate TSS in Porong River. Result showed good correlation between in-situ data and TSS estimation from Sentinel-2 with value 0.72. Keywords : Sentinel-2, TSS, Porong River.
PEMETAAN SUHU PERMUKAAN LAUT (SPL) MENGGUNAKAN CITRA SATELIT TERRA MODIS DI PERAIRAN DELTA MAHAKAM (Studi Kasus : Tahun 2013, 2016 Dan 2018)
Authors: Khairil Radik
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh atmosfer, cuaca dan musim serta perubahan posisi matahari yang dapat mempengaruhi perubahan suhu permukaan laut. Manfaat dari pemetaan distribusi suhu permukaan laut yaitu diantaranya untuk mengetahui tingkat kesuburan dari suatu perairan/laut. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memetakan dan membandingkan perbedaan distribusi  parameter suhu permukaan laut  pada tahun 2013, 2016 dan 2018 di Perairan Delta Mahakam menggunakan citra satelit Terra MODIS.  Penelitian ini menggunakan citra satelit Terra MODIS tanggal 13 April 2018, 10 Maret 2016 dan 25 Juli 2018 dengan metode algoritma Brown And Minnet.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Suhu Permukaan Laut Tahun 2013, 2016 dan 2018 memiliki beda selisih yaitu pada tahun 2013 ke 2016 memiliki perbedaan tertinggi di kelas suhu 26⁰ - 38⁰ C yaitu mencapai 8186 piksel, dan perbedaan  suhu terendah  adalah  kelas suhu 19⁰ C yaitu 19 piksel. Pada tahun 2016 ke 2018 memiliki perbedaan tertinggi di kelas suhu 24⁰ - 26⁰ C yaitu mencapai 12469 piksel dan kelas suhu terendah terdapat pada kelas suhu 19⁰ C.  Penyebaran suhu pada tahun 2013 didominasi dengan klasifikasi warna merah dengan kisaran suhu 26⁰ - 38⁰ C.  Kemudian di tahun 2016 didominasi dengan klasifikasi warna orange dengan kisaran suhu 24⁰ - 26⁰ C.  Dan pada tahun 2018 didominasi dengan klasifikasi warna merah dengan kisaran suhu 26⁰ - 31⁰ C. Dari hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa suhu permukaan laut menurut hasil pengolahan citra satelit TERRA MODIS mengalami perubahan suhu dominan dari tahun ke tahun dan semakin naik suhu permukaan lautnya
Tromethamine improves mucociliary clearance in cystic fibrosis pigs
Authors: Ash Jamison J. , Hilkin Brieanna M. , Gansemer Nicholas D. , Hoffman Eric A. , Zabner Joseph , Stoltz David A. , Abou Alaiwa Mahmoud H.
Published: September 2022

In cystic fibrosis (CF), the loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mediated Cl− and HCO3− secretion across the epithelium acidifies the airway surface liquid (ASL). Acidic ASL alters two key host defense mechanisms: Rapid ASL bacterial killing and mucociliary transport (MCT). Aerosolized tromethamine (Tham) increases ASL pH and restores the ability of ASL to rapidly kill bacteria in CF pigs. In CF pigs, clearance of insufflated microdisks is interrupted due to abnormal mucus causing microdisks to abruptly recoil. Aerosolizing a reducing agent to break disulfide bonds that link mucins improves MCT. Here, we are interested in restoring MCT in CF by aerosolizing Tham, a buffer with a pH of 8.4. Because Tham is hypertonic to serum, we use an acidified formulation as a control. We measure MCT by tracking the caudal movement of individual tantalum microdisks with serial chest computed tomography scans. Alkaline Tham improves microdisk clearance to within the range of that seen in non‐CF pigs. It also partially reverses MCT defects, including reduced microdisk recoil and elapse time until they start moving after methacholine stimulation in CF pig airways. The effect is not due to hypertonicity, as it is not seen with acidified Tham or hypertonic saline. This finding indicates acidic ASL impairs CF MCT and suggests that alkalinization of ASL pH with inhaled Tham may improve CF airway disease.
Functional constituents of plant-based foods boost immunity against acute and chronic disorders
Authors: Khalid Waseem , Arshad Muhammad Sajid , Ranjha Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz , Różańska Maria Barbara , Irfan Shafeeqa , Shafique Bakhtawar , Rahim Muhammad Abdul , Khalid Muhammad Zubair , Abdi Gholamreza , Kowalczewski Przemysław Łukasz
Published: September 2022

Plant-based foods are becoming an increasingly frequent topic of discussion, both scientific and social, due to the dissemination of information and exchange of experiences in the media. Plant-based diets are considered beneficial for human health due to the supply of many valuable nutrients, including health-promoting compounds. Replacing meat-based foods with plant-based products will provide many valuable compounds, including antioxidants, phenolic compounds, fibers, vitamins, minerals, and some ω3 fatty acids. Due to their high nutritional and functional composition, plant-based foods are beneficial in acute and chronic diseases. This article attempts to review the literature to present the most important data on nutrients of plant-based foods that can then help in the prevention of many diseases, such as different infections, such as coronavirus disease, pneumonia, common cold and flu, asthma, and bacterial diseases, such as bronchitis. A properly structured plant-based diet not only provides the necessary nutrients but also can help in the prevention of many diseases.
Assessment of effectiveness factor in porous catalysts under non-symmetric external conditions of concentration
Authors: Prenesti Giuseppe , Azzato Giulia , Cassano Katia , De Marco Giuseppe , Caravella Alessio
Published: September 2022

the present paper, the effectiveness factor of porous catalytic particles is evaluated in the absence of boundary conditions symmetry over the external surface by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques. The first-order kinetics of decane oxidation, already evaluated experimentally, is taken as a representative reaction. Our study arises from the fact that, in the open literature, the effectiveness factor is usually calculated considering conditions of symmetry of concentration field around particles. However, depending on the fluid dynamics of the system, such conditions are not always established and, thus, our work aims at studying for the first time the behaviour of particle catalysts with non-uniform concentration fields over the surface. In particular, the effectiveness factor of the particles in a catalytic layer is calculated in the absence of symmetry by changing several parameters (temperature, tortuosity and mean pore diameter of particle) using two different methods, named Sphere-by-Sphere (SbS) and Equisized-Volume (EV), respectively. The results of these two methods are then compared to the theoretical one obtained in the presence of spherical symmetry. As a main result, we found that, for moderately low values of Thiele modulus (<1.3 ca.), the analytical expression of the effectiveness factor obtained under spherical symmetry can be also applied in non-symmetric conditions. On the contrary, this cannot be done for higher values of Thiele modulus, for which we propose an empirical correlation of the effectiveness factor based on a corrected Thiele modulus. The efficacy of our approach is stated by the fact that pseudo-homogeneous-mode simulations of the heterogeneous system show results that match very well those obtained in heterogeneous mode, with an important reduction of calculation time and memory. The presented methodology can be also applied to n-order kinetics.