bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Improvement of Insurance Taxation System: Focusing on Inheritance and Gift Tax Law
Authors:   KOREAN SOCIETY OF TAX LAW, Kil Young-Won
Published: April 2023

The hometown love donation system was introduced this year. The system is based on the Japan's hometown tax payment system(so-called ‘Furusato Nouzei System’). Therefore, it is necessary to look at the discussion on Japan's hometown tax payment system. This system gives tax credits to those who donate to local governments.
It is said that the hometown tax payment system has taken root to some extent now, but it is not without side effects in the process. As local governments actively offered gifts to receive more donations, the competition for gifts became overheated. In response, the central government asked local governments to take responsible action. Nevertheless, some local governments distorted the purpose of the system by providing expensive gifts. In this process, the designation system was introduced in 2019, and the Izumisano city was not designated, and a lawsuit was filed.
In some aspects of the hometown tax payment system, the return gift had a positive socioeconomic effect, but not a few were negative. For this reason, the gift is sometimes described as a double-edged sword. The undeniable fact is that without the gift, the hometown tax payment system could not have grown to this extent. On the other hand, the role of return gift is also important in Korea's hometown love donation system. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to Japan's problems concerning the gift competition and the development of responses.
El compostaje y el manejo de los Residuos Sólidos Orgánicos para mantener un entorno saludable en la Institución Educativa Técnica Agropecuaria Ambiental Bilingüe Inda Sabaleta
Authors: Chicaiza Toro Elizabeth , Nastacuas Pai Noralda , Díaz Abahonza Edwin Holman
Published: April 2023

El objetivo de desarrollar actividades para minimizar la contaminación ambiental causada por los residuos sólidos a través de una estrategia pedagógicas con los estudiantes de grado primaria de una Institución Educativa en el municipio de Tumaco, Nariño. La metodología tiene un enfoque cualitativo, con un alcance descriptivo. La técnica de estudio es la encuesta; la muestra está constituida tanto por estudiantes y padres de familia. Entre los principales hallazgos con la aplicación del instrumento de recolección de inforación (cuestionario) relacionado a los conocimientos y las categorias establecidas para los participantes; se tiene que no reconocen las diferencias entre un residuos orgánico e inorgánico, así mismo, la disposicion correcta de los residuos como los elementos del reciclaje. Asimismo, en lo cultural, tanto padres como estudiantes afirman que pocas veces han participado en espacios dentro y fuera de la institución relacionados con la gestión correcta de residuos sólidos y en especial de los residuos sólidos inorgánicos; a partir de este resultado se desarrolla un proceso pedagógico de cuatro momentos importantes. Se concluye que la estrategia pedagógica sí contribuyó a que los estudiantes y padres de familia comprendan la importancia de saber gestionar sus residuos sólidos inorgánicos y por lo tanto disminuir la contaminación ambiental de su entorno educativo.
Estrategia de Sensibilización de Cuidado y conservación del afluente del Río Nembí en el corregimiento de Altaquer, Municipio de Barbacoas – Nariño- Colombia
Authors: Díaz Palma Juan Carlos , Narváez Tucanés Martha Mónica , Díaz Abahonza Edwin Holman
Published: April 2023

El presente trabajo propone implementar una estrategia pedagógica que permita sensibilizar a los habitantes de la Vereda de Nembí, hacia el cuidado y conservación del afluente río Nembí, perteneciente al corregimiento de Altaquer, en el municipio de Barbacoas – Nariño, Colombia. La metodología tiene un enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo; el diseño está orientado hacia un trabajo de tipo sociocrítico; la técnica de estudio es el cuestionario. Entre los hallazgos se identifica que existe una baja percepción del problema y del origen de la contaminación del río; para muchos no es claro la complejidad del problema ambiental; en torno a la percepción de los efectos, los encuestados sí intuyen el peligro ambiental, y en cuanto a la percepción de las soluciones, tienen una limitada visión de las acciones a favor del medio ambiente. En ese sentido la estrategia pedagógica propuesta atiende una necesidad concreta como es la contaminación por residuos sólidos en una fuente hídrica, cuya implementación fue favorable, ya que fortaleció el conocimiento y la actitud de los participantes hacia la conservación de fuente de vida más importante de la comunidad.
Políticas de Inclusión Social de niños en situación de Vulnerabilidad: La experiencia de los centros abiertos en el desarrollo socioafectivo y resiliencia de niños expuestos a factores de riesgo
Authors: Domínguez Noelia De Jesús
Published: April 2023

La investigación se realizó con el objetivo de analizar la influencia de los Centros Abiertos en el comportamiento socio afectivo y en el desarrollo de capacidades de resiliencia de los niños que viven expuestos a factores de riesgo. El enfoque fue cualitativo, de alcance descriptivo, de diseño no experimental transversal. La muestra se constituyó por un coordinador, tres docentes y 8 niños de 5 a 8 años. Se utilizaron las técnicas de entrevista y análisis documental. En el Centro acuden niños víctimas de maltrato físico y verbal en la familia y en la calle. Ellos presentan conductas negativas cuando se enojan o se frustran; son inquietos o tienen lapsos de atención cortos. Las familias en su mayoría son de muy escasos recursos que trabajan en calle. El Centro abierto implementa un Proyecto de Atención para niños que abarca intervenciones en el área educativa, con clases de refuerzo escolar para niños escolarizados, también en el área de la salud, proporcionando cobertura médica pediátrica, psicológica y nutricional. Los conflictos se resuelven estableciendo un compromiso para no repetir la acción, se dialoga con ambas partes y se escucha; si es más grave se llama a los padres y/o se deriva a la psicóloga.
Discursos del futuro tras la pandemia
Authors: Fernández Poncela Ana María , Fernández Poncela Ana María
Published: April 2023

En los últimos tiempos se ha pasado de un discurso social sobre el futuro con aires de mejora, complacencia y progreso, e incluso en algún momento utópico, a un discurso impregnado de mensajes distópicos e incluso catastróficos y apocalípticos, por un lado, y de otro una euforia en torno a la tecnología como futuro prometedor y poco menos que inevitable. El objetivo es, en primer lugar, revisar de manera muy general las narrativas orientadas al futuro en los últimos tiempos desde distintos ámbitos –pensadores y cultura–. Para en segundo lugar, profundizar y analizar las expresiones de la gente sobre su mirada al futuro, durante la pandemia, el papel de la ciencia y su sentir emocional, a través de entrevistas a la población.

Se concluye que sí hay un contexto social de discursos pesimistas y distópicos, entre pensadores y en la cultura, y no obstante que la población considera que la pandemia y sus problemas se prolongarán, confía volver a la normalidad, cree en la mejora por la ciencia y expresa esperanzas en el futuro de la humanidad. En conclusión, el discurso de la gente común parece menos catastrófico y más esperanzado que el de intelectuales o los medios, todo ello en consonancia con el discurso entusiasta de la innovación tecnológica.
Relación entre las experiencias óptimas, motivación y rendimiento académico de los Estudiantes de Bachillerato
Authors: Valencia Valencia Adela Carina , Martínez Yacelga Ana del Rocío
Published: April 2023

La diversidad de experiencias de los actores implicados en el ámbito educativo, presentan tonos divergentes donde la motivación y experiencia óptima son contempladas como algo subjetivo; su lugar en los procesos de enseñanza- aprendizaje es opacado por calificaciones cuantitativas. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la relación existente entre experiencias óptimas, motivación y rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de bachillerato de la Unidad educativa Leonardo Murialdo. El enfoque de la investigación es cuantitativo, diseño no experimental de corte trasversal, con alcance correlacional. Participan 218 estudiantes, se administró el inventario breve de Experiencias Optimas Flow y Escala de Motivación adolescente (Em1). Los resultados reflejan que, las experiencias óptimas y la motivación alcanzan un nivel medio. A su vez, las calificaciones tienden a los 7 puntos y por ende muestran que los estudiantes, alcanzan los aprendizajes requeridos. Las experiencias óptimas se correlacionan de forma moderada con el logro, el reconocimiento y la puntuación general de la motivación. En conclusión, las experiencias óptimas y la motivación no son factores totalmente determinantes en el desempeño académico de los estudiantes, lo que determina que el rendimiento de los alumnos está influenciado por muchos otros factores del contexto que lo rodea.
Genetic variation in Zfy final intron region on Y-chromosome of Canis aureus, Canis lupus and Vulpes vulpes and sex-determination for samples of three canid species
Authors: GÜRKAN Ömer Fikret , İBİŞ Osman , ÖZCAN Servet , TEZ Doğa Can , MORADİ Mohammad , TEZ Coşkun
Published: April 2023

The proportion of females and males in the wild can be a result of past ecological impacts on mammalian populations, and it can offer valuable insights into the evolutionary history, demographics, and behavior of mammalian species. We aimed to determine sex of road-killed samples belonging to three canid species (Canis aureus, C. lupus and Vulpes vulpes from Türkiye, and V. vulpes from Iran), and to reveal whether there was genetic variation within and among three species by sequencing the Zfy final intron region on Y–chromosome. When sex-determination testing was performed on 109 canid samples using a specific primer pair for the Zfx and Zfy genes, two specific DNA bands were detected in males while one DNA band was detected in females. The ratio of males was relatively lower than females. This indicated that there were clearly differences between females and males in terms of the band patterns. We also sequenced partially the Zfy final intron region for V. vulpes, C. aureus and C. lupus; 539 bp, 546 bp and 562 bp, respectively. When analyzed together the partial Zfy sequences, there was no variation among the sequences of each canid species and no haplotype was shared among three species. No phylogeographic structure was observed for each species throughout the sampling areas due to the partial Zfy final intron region highly being conserved. This might be resulted from gene flow due to an extensive male-biased dispersal presumably have homogenized the genetic variation in the Y–chromosome throughout the distributional areas of the canid species. In phylogenetic tree, the Canis species were clustered together and the Vulpes species were grouped in basale position and this was compatible with previous studies.
Probing the Cold Neutral Medium through H I Emission Morphology with the Scattering Transform
Authors: Lei Minjie , Clark S. E.
Published: April 2023

Neutral hydrogen (H I) emission exhibits complex morphology that encodes rich information about the physics of the interstellar medium. We apply the scattering transform (ST) to characterize the H I emission structure via a set of compact and interpretable coefficients, and find a connection between the H I emission morphology and H I cold neutral medium (CNM) phase content. Where H I absorption measurements are unavailable, the H I phase structure is typically estimated from the emission via spectral line decomposition. Here, we present a new probe of the CNM content using measures that are solely derived from H I emission spatial information. We apply the ST to GALFA-H I data at high Galactic latitudes (

b

>
30
°

), and compare the resulting coefficients to CNM fraction measurements derived from archival H I emission and absorption spectra. We quantify the correlation between the ST coefficients and the measured CNM fraction (f
CNM), finding that the H I emission morphology encodes substantial f
CNM-correlating information and that ST-based metrics for small-scale linearity are particularly predictive of f
CNM. This is further corroborated by the enhancement of the I
857/N
HI ratio with larger ST measures of small-scale linearity. These results are consistent with the picture of regions with higher CNM content being more populated by small-scale filamentary H I structures. Our work illustrates a physical connection between the H I morphology and phase content, and suggests that future phase decomposition methods can be improved by making use of both H I spectral and spatial information.
A novel species of piping frog Eleutherodactylus (Anura, Eleutherodactylidae) from southern Mexico
Authors: Grünwald Christoph I. , Montaño-Ruvalcaba Carlos , Jones Jason M. , Ahumada-Carrillo Iván , Grünwald André J. , Zheng Jiacheng , Strickland Jason L. , Reyes-Velasco Jacobo
Published: April 2023

We describe a new species of Eleutherodactylus (subgenus Syrrhophus) from Guerrero, Mexico, based on morphological and molecular data, as well as advertisement call analysis. Eleutherodactylus franzisp. nov. has unique features including widely expanded fingertips, indistinct, but visible lumbo-inguinal glands, an immaculate white venter and dark reticulations on a cream dorsal background colouration. The new species belongs to the Eleutherodactylus nitidus species group. Eleutherodactylus franzisp. nov. is micro-endemic, restricted to a small range in karstic hillsides on the southern extreme of the Mexican Transverse Ranges. We discuss conservation needs of this species, which we provisionally classify as Critically Endangered.
Sentence coherence evaluation based on neural network and textual features for official documents
Authors: Shi Yunmei , Li Yuanhua , Li Ning
Published: April 2023

Sentence coherence is an essential foundation for discourse coherence in natural language processing, as it plays a vital role in enhancing language expression, text readability, and improving the quality of written documents. With the development of e-government, automatic generation of official documents can significantly reduce the writing burden of government agencies. To ensure that the automatically generated official documents are coherent, we propose a sentence coherence evaluation model integrating repetitive words features, which introduces repetitive words features with neural network-based approach for the first time. Experiments were conducted on official documents dataset and THUCNews public dataset, our method has achieved an averaged 3.8% improvement in accuracy indicator compared to past research, reaching a 96.2% accuracy rate. This result is significantly better than the previous best method, proving the superiority of our approach in solving this problem.
System decomposition method-based global stability criteria for T-S fuzzy Clifford-valued delayed neural networks with impulses and leakage term
Authors: Alanazi Abdulaziz M. , Sriraman R. , Gurusamy R. , Athithan S. , Vignesh P. , Bassfar Zaid , Alharbi Adel R. , Aljaedi Amer
Published: April 2023

This paper investigates the global asymptotic stability problem for a class of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy Clifford-valued delayed neural networks with impulsive effects and leakage delays using the system decomposition method. By applying Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy theory, we first consider a general form of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy Clifford-valued delayed neural networks. Then, we decompose the considered $ n $-dimensional Clifford-valued systems into $ 2^mn $-dimensional real-valued systems in order to avoid the inconvenience caused by the non-commutativity of the multiplication of Clifford numbers. By using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals and integral inequalities, we derive new sufficient criteria to guarantee the global asymptotic stability for the considered neural networks. Further, the results of this paper are presented in terms of real-valued linear matrix inequalities, which can be directly solved using the MATLAB LMI toolbox. Finally, a numerical example is provided with their simulations to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical analysis.
Investigating stochastic solutions for fourth order dispersive NLSE with quantic nonlinearity
Authors: Alhojilan Yazid , Samir Islam
Published: April 2023

In this paper, the stochastic fourth order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with quantic nonlinearity and affected by multiplicative noise is considered. This model is used to mimic the wave propagation through optical fibers. The improved modified extended tanh method is used to extract optical solutions for the investigated model. Various types of stochastic solutions are provided such as bright soliton, dark soliton, singular soliton, singular periodic solution and Weierstrass elliptic solution. Moreover, Matlab software packages are used to introduce the effect of the multiplicative noise on the raised solutions. The noise intensity is varied to show the robust of the extracted solutions against the noise.
Community Development Through Ecotourism
Authors: Daneva Anna , Nadda Vipin
Published: April 2023

According to UNWTO, annual ecotourism revenues worldwide are estimated to grow from approximately $800 billion to one trillion in 2025. About 11 million people are employed in the tourism sector and related activities. The current growth of ecotourism is 10% to 12% per year and is the fastest-growing sector. The average age of travellers has become lower, and more and more young people are now interested in environmentally friendly forms of tourism. Ecotourism travellers cost less in infrastructure per income unit than any other type of tourist. In the last 30 years, no other type of tourism has generated such growth and popularity and become fundamentally important in the tourism sector and the world economy. Last year, nearly 9.5 billion tourists visited ecotourism destinations and raised awareness of the ecotourism concept and invested heavily to gain a sustainable travel experience. Currently, ecotourism is preferred by 71% of people under 30.
Nanomaterials-Based Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Strategies for a Sustainable Planet
Authors: Prajapat Kamal , Dhonde Mahesh , Sahu Kirti , Murty V. V. S. , Shirage Parasharam M.
Published: April 2023

Water scarcity has emerged at the forefront of the world's most critical environmental concerns. In the future decades, the rapid population development in emerging regions will continue to raise the need for clean water from residential, agricultural, industrial, and energy perspectives. Clean drinking water is the most significant factor that influences the quality of life for humans. Nanomaterials are ideal for wastewater treatment due to their potential properties, which include small size, large surface area, high porosity, high catalytic activity, tailorable physical and chemical properties, ease of separation, and reproducibility. These favorable properties of nanomaterials make them an attractive candidate for wastewater treatment. This chapter comprehensively overviews a broad spectrum of nanomaterials in wastewater treatment, including different carbon allotropes (graphene, CNTs, MWCNTs, etc.) and metal oxide nanoparticles. Finally, the prospects of these new generation materials in water and wastewater treatment are also discussed.
Applying a Deep Learning Approach for Building Extraction From High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery
Authors: Prabhakar Dolonchapa , Garg Pradeep Kumar
Published: April 2023

As data science applies to mapping buildings, great attention has been given to the potential of using deep learning and new data sources. However, given that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) dominate image classification tasks, automating the building extraction process is becoming more and more common. Increased access to unstructured data (such as imagery and text) and developments in deep learning and computer vision algorithms have improved the possibility of automating the extraction of building attributes from satellite images in a cost-effective and large-scale manner. By applying intelligent software-based solutions to satellite imageries, the manual process of acquiring features such as building footprints can be expedited. Manual feature acquisition is time-consuming and expensive. The buildings may be recovered from RGB photos and are extremely properly identified. This chapter offers suggestions to quicken the development of DL-centred building extraction techniques using remotely sensed images.
Female Entrepreneurship
Authors: Jacob Teresa , Thomas Vismaya Rachel , George Ginu
Published: April 2023

Women being employees is a very appreciative aspect. But women being employers is a bold and massive decision that they make, considering their busy life schedule, which traditionally includes looking after their families and themselves. This book chapter aims to identify the diverse challenges female entrepreneurs face, which could be in the context of society, structure, or finance. Identifying and vocalizing these challenges faced by these emerging entrepreneurs is inadequate, but tackling them is equally called for. This study provides a framework and scope for further research to look into more opportunities and measures to tackle these roadblocks. Last but not least, this book chapter anticipates inspiring all women and driving them to explore the essence of entrepreneurship.
Computational Psychometrics Social Analysis of Learners in Their Learning Behaviour Using AI Algorithms
Authors: Bhatia Ashima Bhatnagar , Mittal Kavita , Mahajan Radhika , Whig Pawan
Published: April 2023

Learning is a complex and continuous process or phenomena. Learning processes or phenomena include the acquisition of new calculative or declarative knowledge, the development of motor and cognitive skills through instruction or practice, the organization of new knowledge into general, effective representations, and the discovery of new facts and theories through observation and experimentation. When interpreting learner responses, AI algorithm is useful for psychometrics analysis. The success of today's technology-enhanced learning may be boosted by socializing the material and learning resources to every learner, hence maximizing the learning process. Psychometric analysis entails insinuating what a learner understands and can perform in the real world based on minimal observation is supported in a state testing setting. Evaluation, from the perspective of learning analytics, comprises evaluating reports shows in digital educational experiences to evaluate learners' behaviour with the purpose of favorably affecting the learning process.
Additive Manufacturing Using Robotic Programming
Authors: Mohanty Akash , Jothi B. , Jeyasudha J. , Ranjit P. S.  , Isaac J. Samson , Boopathi Sampath
Published: April 2023

Due to the development of industrial 5.0 concepts, the integration of multi-disciplinary concepts is evolving in the manufacturing industries. In this chapter, the integration of robot technology with additive manufacturing processes is discussed to improve the processes for making complex objects. A case study has been used to explain two-phase and multi-plane three-dimensional printing using industrial robots. Using previous research activities, a brief literature on 3D printing technology, parameters, and applications has been developed. The case study on the aerofoil wing made by industrial robotics programming has been explained. The flow chart that can exhibit both three phase and multi-plane processes has been illustrated.
Fundamental Evaluations of the Sealability of Premium Joints in CCS Wells
Authors: Inose Keita , Abe Tomoka , Yamaguchi Suguru , Ugai Shin , Wada Akira , Ando Yoshinori
Published: April 2023

This study investigated the sealability of premium threaded joints (PJs) in carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) wells using finite element analysis (FEA) and small-scale fundamental gas tightness tests. During the operation of CCS wells, the inner surface of the tubing can reach extremely low temperatures. This cooling may decrease the metal-to-metal seal contact energy and/or change the viscoelastic properties of the applied lubricants, affecting the sealability of the PJs. Firstly, the extreme temperature differential, simulating the worst-case transient state in a tubing, was evaluated using FEA, in which the PIN inner surface was simulated at -80 °C and BOX outer surface was maintained at 25 °C. Secondly, the impact of different lubricating systems on sealability was evaluated via small-scale fundamental gas tightness tests under extremely low-temperature conditions. Additionally, dynamic viscoelasticity measurements for lubricants under extremely low-temperature conditions were conducted. The FEA results indicated that the impact of the temperature change on the minimum seal contact energy while applying a combined loading cycle was limited, even though the temperature of the metal seal surface was cooled to approximately -40 °C under an extreme temperature differential. Small-scale tests demonstrated that the sealability of an environmentally friendly thread compound (the so-called yellow dope) and solid lubricating film were equivalent to or higher at -40 °C than those observed at 25 °C. By contrast, an API dope, which is the standardized thread compound for PJs specified by the American Petroleum Institute (API), has a low sealability at -40 °C. By measuring the dynamic viscoelasticity of these lubricants, we demonstrated that an API dope can exhibit a glass transition point at approximately -50 °C, while the yellow dope transition occurred at approximately -75 °C. This difference in viscoelasticity properties at extremely low temperatures corresponds to the changing sealability characteristics. Specifically, an excessive increase in viscosity (API dope) would deteriorate the sealability, while a minor increase in viscosity (yellow dope) would improve the sealability. Dynamic viscoelasticity measurements also demonstrated that the properties of these dopes once cooled to -80 °C returned to their original states after heating to 25 °C. This indicates that PJs are also expected to retain their original sealability performances after being subjected to extreme temperature hysteresis.
CO2 Pipeline Integrity Management: A Digital Twin Approach
Authors: Sun Ta Ju , Bhowmik Subrata
Published: April 2023

Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) has been recognized as one of the decarbonization pathways to reduce greenhouse (GHG) emissions and to achieve net zero. CO2 transportation is the key element from carbon capture to utilization such as enhanced oil recovery (EOR) or storage in existing wells. Using new or repurposed natural gas pipelines either offshore or onshore with real-time monitoring can prevent risks during transportation caused by impurities of carbon dioxide (CO2).

It is unrealistic to manufacture new CO2 pipelines due to increasing overall project cost and carbon footprint. Retrofitting existing onshore or offshore natural gas pipelines with multiple sensors for flow measurement, pressure and temperature measurement and fatigue stress measurement can not only cost-effectively reduce carbon footprint but also minimize maintenance costs through real-time risk-based inspection.

The proposed solution will conclude with a holistic assessment of structural integrity in transporting CO2 and the integration of a data-driven model of repurposed natural gas pipelines to improve pipelines integrity further.

Different impurities in the CO2 can change the flow properties during CO2 transportation. Although CO2 transportation has been deployed for several decades, the impacts of impurities in CO2 has to be better understood. Building a model with different impurities of CO2 in a digital twin has a potential influence to tackle this issue. A computational model of pipeline fatigue damage, which is affected by temperature and pressure mainly, in the pipelines is developed to predict the fatigue damage under specific circumstances. Integration of multiple sensors in the pipeline can avoid early failure and maintain it proactively. CO2 could be in liquid and gas phases in the unsaturated zone during transportation.

The proposed concept of digital twin will offer a prediction at the early stage to mitigate potential risks specific to existing natural gas pipelines for CO2 transportation from carbon capture to utilization or storage.
Isolation of North Sea Pipeline Successfully Carried Out By Resident ROV and Remote Operations from Shore
Authors: Johnsen Georg , Solbjør Kenneth , Iversen Arve , Rouge Nick , Alsvik Hallgeir Foss , Anderson Gary , Craig Stephanie
Published: April 2023

Pipeline isolation tools have long been used in decommissioning activities where continued production in connected pipeline sections is required. To reliably execute an isolation program, robust communication systems are required to load the isolation tool, track, activate and deactivate it, and monitor the tool during the isolation process. Historically, that has meant hard wiring or acoustically linking to the offshore platform or vessel.

Typical subsea pipeline isolation projects are performed and supported by an ROV or diving vessel; however, advances in communication technology have changed that paradigm. Robust LTE and VSAT connectivity enable robust, dependable communications that support remote operations. Today, it is possible to execute the same types of pipeline isolation programs from globally located, onshore remote operations centers. Combining advanced pipeline isolation technologies with remotely operated resident ROV systems can transform operations by eliminating the need for costly vessel support and reduce the number of people required offshore.

A recent pipeline isolation program used for the first time on Equinor's Veslefrikk Field in the Norwegian North Sea employed leading isolation technology and a resident, battery-powered, electric work-class ROV system remotely operated from shore, demonstrating that there is now a viable option to using an ROV or diving vessel for these types of subsea operations.

This approach allowed key personnel to work as an interconnected team from an onshore base where they collaborated, controlled, and watched live operations rather than mobilizing offshore, enabling cost savings, reducing HSE risk, and increasing collaboration. By using the onshore remote operations center, the project team was able to ensure a successful campaign.

The project was completed as planned, demonstrating not only the feasibility but the value and repeatability of this approach to pipeline isolation.
Recovery from Extended Unplanned Shutdown – A Flow Assurance Perspective
Authors: Hernandez Oris Cristina , Mohikar Akshay , Hudson Ian
Published: April 2023

The formation of a hydrate blockage in a flowline is one of the highest flow assurance risks to oil and gas production, particularly in deepwater systems. The financial consequence of having to remediate a hydrate blockage in a subsea flowline can amount to tens of millions of dollars in intervention costs and deferred production. To manage this risk, subsea fields in deepwater are usually designed and operated with multiple barriers in place to prevent hydrate blockage formation. These barriers include a combination of insulation, dead oil circulation to displace hydrate forming components out of the subsea system, depressurization, active heating and/or the deployment of hydrate inhibitors. For systems that operate outside of the hydrate conditions during steady state, these barriers are ideally required to perform before the system enters the hydrate region (cooldown time) and hydrate formation starts to occur.

During unplanned shutdowns, operators have a limited amount of time to deploy these barriers or restart the field. A large percentage of unplanned shutdowns are relatively short, and it is typical to be able to restart the field before the cooldown time expires. This paper will focus on the learnings from bp's experience in recovering from extended unplanned shutdowns where hydrate prevention activities could not be performed, i.e., the system cools down to ambient conditions and the hydrate prevention barriers were not applied. The overall philosophy and key considerations for a successful recovery from such a situation are discussed.
Integration of Petroleum Technologies for the Economic Monetization of Small Offshore Fields
Authors: Yan Lai Wai , Gupta Mukesh , Tajuddin Nazim Musani , M Diah M Amri B , Shah Jamari M , Masoudi Rahim , Mokhtar Syahrini Bt
Published: April 2023

This paper entails the profitable development of an offshore small oil reservoir. Offshore technologies are expensive and require higher capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating expenses (OPEX) due to the need for advanced technologies for drilling, production, and environmental protection. Generally, reservoirs with large reserves are considered for large capital investments. However, this paper demonstrates how accurate reservoir description in conjunction with advanced offshore technologies can help to develop small offshore fields economically. These technologies are deployed in an integrated manner (surface and subsurface) to develop such fields. Offshore logistics for production facility maintenance increases the OPEX due to the transportation of personnel and equipment to and from the site. Offshore production systems have higher CAPEX due to specialised offshore equipment, including sub-sea equipment. Other than higher costs, the oil price volatility makes it difficult to plan for long-term production to recover the cost. Therefore, offshore fields have several challenges, e.g., logistical, technical, environmental, economic, and safety. However, collaborations and partnerships between industry and government help to share the project's economic risk. Cost can be further reduced through new development, production, and reservoir characterisation technologies to manage offshore development and operations costs. Production is enhanced through advancement in well construction and production systems to support high OPEX of floating production, storage, and offloading system.
Managing the High Temperature Risk in a Horizontal HPHT Deepwater Well
Authors: Liu Yu , Griffith Steve , Ain Fitz Mathew , Palacio Julio , Tchagop Alfred , Lasher Dana , Champion Brett
Published: April 2023

Objectives/Scope

The bottom hole circulating temperature of horizontal wells can be higher than those of vertical wells. That risk is compounded in HPHT slim-hole applications where static geothermal temp can reach 320°-350° F. The combination of horizontal wellbore geometry, HPHT conditions, and slim-hole design results in significant challenges to achieving the primary objectives of drilling and data acquisition. This paper describes a technical workflow established through collaboration between the operator and service providers to manage high temperature risks to ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Possible) with effective design optimizations.

Methods, Procedures, Process

The workflow consists of risk assessment, offset data analysis, HT (high temperature) model calibration, model-based sensitivity analysis, and design optimization on BHA, hole size, and parameters. Multiple modelling software are used to support this physics-based design approach.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

The established workflow identified a set of effective risk mitigations through bottom hole assembly (BHA) redesign, hole size change, drilling parameter adjustment, and a decision-based TD criterion. The previously identified HT risks are reduced to ALARP and can be managed during execution.

Novel/Additive Information

The target well will be the first horizontal HPHT deepwater well to be drilled in GOM deepwater. The workflow described in this paper can help reinforce the physics-based design optimizations, and avoid HT related damages to critical downhole tools with limited supply and long replacement lead times due to current market constraints.
Pushing the Limits in Deep Water Data Acquisition for Accelerated Field Development: Industry Record Batch Well Testing
Authors: Karacali Ozgur , Ramcharan Narindra , Sahadeo Lorenzo , Holub Chase , Julien Jenilee , Sunarto Hadantha , Tong Songyang
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a dynamic deepwater well testing solution that was developed to execute consecutive well tests on multiple reservoirs of various parameters and complexities and describes the design, planning, application, and benefits of the batch well testing package. Batch well testing has the potential to optimize well testing operations, improve equipment utilization, reduce operator costs, and obtain significant amounts of dynamic reservoir data quickly for field development and facility design.

Esso Exploration and Production Guyana Limited (EEPGL), ExxonMobil's Guyana affiliate, and its co-venturers had a challenging objective to complete several deepwater development projects at an accelerated pace in the Stabroek block of Guyana, which required the acquisition of an extensive amount of dynamic reservoir data and representative fluid samples. The data and reservoir samples were required to inform creation of field development plans and to drive a fit-for-purpose floating, production, storage, and offloading vessel (FPSO) and topside designs. This led to an extensive well test program utilizing existing predrilled appraisal wells that were conditioned and prepared for well testing. This was enhanced by a dedicated drillship equipped with a surface well test package to test all commercial discoveries consecutively.

Extensive laboratory tests were performed on reservoir samples collected during wireline sampling to help determine operating parameters for each well test and identify mitigation measures to be employed, alleviating potential flow assurance risks such as wax deposition, asphaltene breakout, and hydrates. The reservoir fluid studies conducted on the wireline samples also helped to create specific fluid identifications for the multiphase meter to increase accuracy of flow rates and fluid composition during well testing. The surface well testing package installed on the rig was optimized to efficiently process a range of fluid types form high gas-oil ratio oil to black oil wells with high flow rates. Testing multiple deepwater wells successively involved precise planning and a robust maintenance plan between wells. A dedicated rig for batch well testing resulted in significant cost synergies for the operator, enabled precise planning, streamlined onshore and offshore maintenance, and assisted supply chain management to ensure equipment availability and performance reliability for the continuous program.

This paper highlights the industry record implementation of a batch well testing program, an industry first in this operating environment, that was designed to be executed for seven wells and that enabled the delivery of high-quality reservoir data from multiple differentiated deepwater reservoirs quickly in support of the operator's potential growth plans. The program was completed with zero spills to the environment.
Magnetic Mud Shielding Effects on Measurement-While-Drilling Azimuth Survey Acceptance Tolerance at Low Latitudes: A Case Study, Malaysia
Authors: Kok Keng Hung , Jen Andrew , Tipdontree Poppoom
Published: April 2023

Synthetic oil base drilling muds are re-cycled for cost efficiency and to minimize environmental effects. Invariably, very fine micro-sized magnetic or paramagnetic material from drill-string and casing wear accumulates in the drilling mud over time and cause significant shielding effect on the downhole cross-axial magnetometer sensors. This case study explores various mitigating methods to acquire Measurement-While-Drilling (MWD) surveys within acceptance tolerances and where possible, to define minimum wellbore uncertainties levels depending on the wellbore trajectory relative to earth's magnetics especially at lower latitudes.
Learnings from the Standardization of Quality Procurement Specifications
Authors: Reed Michele , Harris David Antony
Published: April 2023

Operators and Engineering, Procurement and Construction contractors (EPCs) have traditionally had their own quality requirements for the same products offered by the same manufacturers causing increased complexity, delivery and costs to each purchaser. Through IOGP JIP33 (International Oil and Gas Producers, Joint Industry Programme), industry-level standardized product requirements are being implemented to improve capital efficiency through industry-wide standardization. This paper discusses the learnings and challenges of deploying the standardization of specifically the Quality Requirements Specification (QRS) through the various operators who participate in IOGP and how this impacts digitization of quality requirements.

JIP33 standardized procurement specifications are developed by product Subject Matter Experts and contain standardized Technical Requirement Specifications (TRS), Quality Requirements, Information Requirements and Procurement Data Sheet. The Quality Requirements Specification (QRS) provides standardized quality interventions and defines the purchaser's involvement based on the purchaser's criticality rating. All JIP33 specifications are free to use by any organization. With over 50 product and support specifications published and with 5 years of implementation, the JIP33 Quality Network now provides implementation guides and training materials to share learnings and help companies implement the QRS.

In March 2022, the JIP33 Sponsoring companies conducted a survey which found that 43% of published quality specifications were implemented even though the technical specifications were over 60% implemented. This led to further review to determine the challenges of implementing standardized quality requirements for products. The results indicated a few common challenges including: Differences in procurement processes and responsible parties (procurement vs engineering) across the industry.Lack of understanding on how the QRS impacts the Inspection and Test PlanInterface with pre-established Global Frame Agreements.Lack of familiarity with JIP33 and QRS documents

Each of these challenges requires a planned management of change as well as a cultural and behavioral transformation from previous procurement practices to implement with the various functions supporting the procurement and quality processes. A QRS implementation guide was developed to address such challenges and offers solutions and ways of working to facilitate implementation.

Standardizing technical requirements on a product is not necessarily a ground breaking or novel concept but including both standardized quality and information requirements that are aligned together is new to the industry. Since standardized quality and information requirements would be integrated into existing business systems, and especially in a digital context, implementing standardized aligned quality and information requirements requires change management across multiple functions.
Mackenzie Delta LNG Transport and Ice Management Study
Authors: Salminen Jukka , Hindley Rob , Saarinen Sami
Published: April 2023

This paper will study the LNG Transport opportunities from the Canadian Arctic to the Asian markets.

Mackenzie Delta LNG (MDLNG) project is in the Canada's Northwest Territories (NWT) which contains publicly owned conventional natural gas reserves which could be developed for export that would provide immediate economic benefit to the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, NWT and Canada.

This paper presents the results of a feasibility study undertaken to evaluate the shipping routes and ice conditions along the route from the Arctic to the Asian LNG markets. Arctic LNG carriers have been in use in the Russian Arctic for years already and we have been deeply involved in the design, development, and testing of those current LNG carriers. Russian rules are somewhat different and thus the operations would commence in Canada and US waters that would give some opportunities in the LNG Carrier design as well. In this paper we will go through the general differences in the LNG carriers design for MDLNG. Currently the plan is to build gravity-based structure (GBS) to the offshore MacKenzie Delta. The GBS would need additional ice management support and vessels. In this paper we would talk about ice management vessels needed to support the operations for loading the LNG carriers as well as talk about the recommended ice management operations.

With modern technology, good design and planning, it can be shown that the LNG transportation by ships is a feasible solution compared to building pipelines across the Arctic.
Machine Learning Based FPSO Topsides Weight Estimation for a Project on an Early Stage
Authors: Yao Changqing , Ren Xiang , Valiveti Dakshina , Ryu Sam , Chaney Carmela , Zeng Yifei
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study is to develop a data-driven machine learning based tool to estimate the FPSO topsides weight. The data were collected from public sources including IHS, news and magazines, covering world-wide active FPSO geographic locations, topsides weights, and their production throughput. One of the challenges is that the size of the dataset is less than 200 data points, largely due to the limited total number of FPSOs worldwide. Another challenge is that there are missing values for gas production, as such, imputation of missing values becomes necessary. In this study, data imputation was conducted by incorporating geographic information and physics guided feature engineering, through which the imputation is more accurate compared to simple imputers. For machine learning algorithms, polynomial regression was first evaluated as the baseline model and various machine learning models were built and compared with the baseline, such as Gaussian process regressor, random forest, neural network, and natural gradient boosting, with the purpose of identifying the most accurate one. To solve the overfitting issue caused by the small size of the dataset, several strategies have been investigated and compared, such as k-fold cross validation, regularization and extensive hyper-parameter tuning via Bayesian optimization algorithm based on the Hyperopt library.

Among all the machine learning models, it is found that the natural gradient boosting method is the best performer with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 24% on the blind testing data, which is 35% lower than the baseline model. Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was also implemented for model interpretation and gas production was found to be the most influential feature. The trained gradient boosting model was deployed to an internal web application in which users could get a quick estimation of FPSO topsides weight by providing three features: gas production, oil production and water depth. The 2D and 3D cross plots with historic data and predicted value are also provided in the web-app for better results visualizations.

The novelty of this paper is to develop a data-driven machine learning tool for FPSO topsides weight estimation on an early stage of a project, which can serve as an independent alternative to the traditional empirical based approaches to help pre-design the facilities and estimate the cost. In the back-end, the best machine learning model was identified, along with the best imputation strategy based on a physics guided feature engineering approach. In the front-end, a web application was developed for an interactive estimation of FPSO topsides weight. With continuous enrichment and validation of the collected data, the machine learning approach can serve as a trustworthy fast and early estimation for FPSO topsides weight.