bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Perceived Value and Contextual Relevance Linking Self-Construal and Adoption to Personalized Mobile Advertising
Authors: Kim Sang-Won , Yang Byunghwa
Published: October 2020

In this study, the central objective lay in the examination of the indirect effect of self-construal on the adoption of personalized mobile advertising. Two hundred and thirty-seven Korean undergraduate students participated in our study. Participants were recruited from the university’s online community and completed a paper and pencil questionnaire. To evaluate and analyze the behavior of the variables that were investigated in relation to their relationship or interaction in this study, a method that was employed involved that exploratory factor analysis technique. Next, we conducted a simple mediation analysis and the PROCESS procedure using bootstrapping analysis with confidence intervals. From the findings, this study established that the factor of the perceived value plays a moderating role in its capacity to shape the correlation between aspects of adopting mobile advertising and the concept of self-construal. The implication is that based on these results, a full mediation framework was supported. It is also worth noting that there was a significant relationship between factors of contextual relevance and perceived value. However, the variable of self-construal did not exhibit a direct correlation with personalized mobile advertising adoption or use. Additionally there was a significant, indirect impact of self-construal on the adoption of mobile advertising—when the attribute of perceived value played a moderating role, especially when the parameter of contextual relevance was found to be high. As such, the latter results were in support of the moderated mediation framework. The implication for future research is that the focus needs to be on the implementation of experimental designs that investigate causality between individual differences and mobile advertising adoption.
Computerized Fluid Dynamic Study of Parameter Effects on the Performance of Coaxial Propellers
Authors: Kim Young-Tae , Park Chang Hwan , Kim Hak Yoon
Published: October 2020

The computerized fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis was performed for 1.8 m diameter coaxial propellers to be applied to the multi-copter type Personal Air Vehicle (PAV) having conceptually 600 kg of Maximum Take-Off Weight (MTOW). Methods/Statistical analysis: Using the commercial CFD program STAR-CCM+ (13.03.11), the coaxial propellers were analyzed at the same RPM under the steady state condition. The three-dimensional Compressible Reynolds Mean Navier-Stokes equation was applied and the Moving Reference Frame (MRF) technique was used. With the optimum single pitch angle of upper propeller, the lower propeller’s pitch was changed for the varying propeller spacing to identify the performance variation and the interference effect. The lower propeller has to be different pitch setting other than the upper propeller’s optimum pitch angle because of the interfered flow effect between propellers. The propeller spacing is not so sensitive to efficiency if the spacing is more than 0.25 of propeller diameter. Study shows that the identified pitches and spacing of coaxial propellers are essential for designing the configuration and control of multi-copter type PAV which uses variable pitch propellers for safety and efficiency.
Numerical Investigation of Brusselator Chemical Model by Residual Function Using Mathematica Software
Authors: Tong T. O. , Kekana M. C. , Shatalov M. Y. , Moshokoa S. P.
Published: October 2020

In recent years, mathematical models have been developed to illustrate some physical phenomena in science and engineering. One of those systems of nonlinear differential equations is Brusselator chemical model. A mathematical template of checking accuracy of from black-boxes has been
developed and investigated. Brusselator model is used as case study as its analytical solution is non-existence. The algorithms investigated from Mathematica software includes Adams method, Backward differential formula (BDF) and Implicit Runge-Kutta method which works well on stiff systems.
The graphical results are on interval of 0 ≤ t ≤ 30.
Architecting the Future of Weather Satellites
Authors: Maier Mark W. , Gallagher Frank W. , St. Germain Karen , Anthes Richard , Zuffada Cinzia , Menzies Robert , Piepmeier Jeffrey , Di Pietro David , Coakley Monica M. , Adams Elena
Published: October 2020

Between 2014 and 2018, the NOAA Office of Systems Architecture and Advanced Planning (OSAAP) conducted the NOAA Satellite Observing System Architecture (NSOSA) study to plan the long-term future of the NOAA constellation of operational environmental satellites. This constellation of satellites (which may include space capabilities acquired in lieu of U.S. government satellites) will follow the current GOES-R and JPSS satellite programs, beginning about 2030. This was an opportunity to design a modern architecture with no preconceived notions regarding instruments, platforms, orbits, etc., but driven by user needs, new technology, and exploiting emerging space business models. In this paper we describe how the study was structured, review major results, show how observation priorities and estimated costs drove next-generation choices, and discuss important challenges for implementing the next generation of U.S. civil environmental remote sensing satellites.
How Snow Aggregate Ellipsoid Shape and Orientation Variability Affects Fall Speed and Self-Aggregation Rates
Authors: Dunnavan Edwin L.
Published: October 2020

Snow aggregate shapes and orientations have long been known to exhibit substantial variability. Despite this observed variability, most weather and climate prediction models use fixed power-law functions that deterministically map particle size to mass and fall speed. As such, integrated quantities like precipitation and self-aggregation rates currently ignore nonlinear effects resulting from variation in shape and orientation for aggregates of the same size. This study therefore develops an analytic framework that couples an empirically based bivariate distribution of ellipsoid shapes to classical hydrodynamic theory so as to capture an appropriate dispersion of masses, projected areas, and fall speeds for an assumed size distribution. For a fixed aggregate size, shape variations produce approximately ±0.13 m s−1 standard deviation of fall speed which increases the mass flux fall speed dispersion by more than 100% over traditional microphysics models. This increased fall speed dispersion results predominantly from shape-induced mass dispersion whereas orientation and drag dispersion play a lesser role. Shape variations can increase mass- and reflectivity-weighted fall speeds by up to 60% of traditional models whereas self-aggregation rates can increase by a factor of 100 for very small slope parameters. This implies that aggregate shape variations effectively forestall the theorized onset of fall speed distribution narrowing and subsequent quenching of the aggregation process. As a result, it is likely that secondary ice formation is necessary to prevent an ever decreasing slope parameter. The mathematical theory presented in this study is used to develop simple correction factors for snow forecast and climate models.
Heat Balance in the Nordic Seas in a Global 1/12° Coupled Model
Authors: Treguier Anne Marie , Mathiot Pierre , Graham Tim , Copsey Dan , Lique Camille , Sterlin Jean
Published: October 2020

The Nordic seas are a gateway to the Arctic Ocean, where Atlantic water undergoes a strong cooling during its transit. Here we investigate the heat balance of these regions in the high-resolution Met Office Global Coupled Model GC3 with a 1/12° grid. The GC3 model reproduces the contrasted ice conditions and ocean heat loss between the eastern and western regions of the Nordic seas. In the west (Greenland and Iceland seas), the heat loss experienced by the ocean is stronger than the atmospheric heat gain, because of the cooling by ice melt. The latter is a major contribution to the heat loss over the path of the East Greenland Current and west of Svalbard. In the model, surface fluxes balance the convergence of heat in each of the eastern and western regions. The net east–west heat exchange, integrated from Fram Strait to Iceland, is relatively small: the westward heat transport of the Return Atlantic Current over Knipovich Ridge balances the eastward heat transport by the East Icelandic Current. Time fluctuations, including eddies, are a significant contribution to the net heat transports. The eddy flux represents about 20% of the total heat transport in Denmark Strait and across Knipovich Ridge. The coupled ocean–atmosphere–ice model may overestimate the heat imported from the Atlantic and exported to the Arctic by 10% or 15%. This confirms the tendency toward higher northward heat transports as model resolution is refined, which will impact scenarios of future climate.
Anthropogenic and Natural Contributions to the Lengthening of the Southern Hemisphere Summer Season
Authors: Weller Evan , Park Bo-Joung , Min Seung-Ki
Published: October 2020

This study provides the first quantitative assessment of observed long-term changes in summer-season timing and length in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and its subregions over the past 60 years, enabling a global completeness by complementing such characteristics previously reported for the Northern Hemisphere (NH). Using an objective algorithm that is based on temperature indices, relative measures of summer onset, withdrawal, and duration are determined at each land location over the period 1953–2012. Significant widespread summer-season lengthening, due to earlier onset and delayed withdrawal, has occurred across the SH, a longer period for extreme heat-wave events and wildfires to potentially occur. The asymmetric magnitude (onset vs withdrawal) in summer-season lengthening is slightly less over the SH than over the NH. Contributions of anthropogenic and natural factors to the observed trends in summer-season characteristics were investigated using phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) multimodel simulations integrated with observed external forcings [anthropogenic plus natural (ALL)], greenhouse gas forcing only (GHG), and natural forcing only [solar and volcanic activities (NAT)]. Overall, consistent with the NH, increased greenhouse gases were the main cause of observed changes in the SH, with negligible contribution from other external forcings. ALL and GHG simulations also reproduced a slight tendency for earlier summer onset to contribute more to summer lengthening. Proportions of observed regional trends in summer-season indices attributable to trends in long-term internal variability in the SH, namely, the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) and southern annular mode (SAM), suggests such variability can only explain up to ~12%, supporting the dominant role of greenhouse gas forcing.
Experimental Study on Spatial Variation of Mass Transport Induced by Surface Waves Generated in a Finite-Depth Laboratory Flume
Authors: Paprota Maciej
Published: October 2020

The aim of laboratory experiments conducted in a wave flume is to confirm that wave-induced mass transport varies along the way of propagation of regular mechanically generated waves in water of finite depth. This effect is attributed to the interactions between primary waves generated in the flume and associated free waves. Measurements of wave kinematics in several locations along the flume are performed to evaluate mass transport. Wave gauges and the particle image velocimetry technique are employed, respectively, to provide information on the evolution of the oscillating water surface and the wave velocity field under regular waves. Laboratory data are compared with numerical predictions of the derived nonlinear wavemaker model based on a pseudospectral approach. The experimental data exhibit good agreement with the numerical results with respect to particle trajectories and mass transport for nonlinear transitional and shallow water waves. Numerical and experimental investigations confirm that free-surface oscillatory motion and particle kinematics are affected by second-order free waves, which modify the characteristics of laboratory waves, especially in a strongly nonlinear shallow water regime. Moreover, the present study gives valuable insight into the effects of the interaction between two independent waves on wave-induced mass transport, which highlights the need of including nonlinear energy transfers between higher harmonics for the reliable estimation of wave processes in ocean circulation models.
Pharmaceutical lobbying and pandemic stockpiling: A feeling of déjà vu in the Nordic countries and why the sociological perspective is crucial to understand COVID-19
Authors: Vilhelmsson Andreas , Mulinari Shai
Published: October 2020

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has spread globally in a short period of time and quickly developed into a pandemic. In connection with its progress, entire cities and countries have been closed down, people are quarantined, and infrastructure and trade have been suspended. As this is a new virus, no vaccine or antiviral drugs are available, but instead non-medical measures such as social distancing may be used to reduce the spread. The Nordic countries, which are known for their similar welfare systems, have chosen pandemic strategies without coordinating with their neighbours. Over one night, Denmark closed the bridge to Sweden and shut down its society, while Sweden keeps as much open as possible and recommends its residents to comply with general advice on reducing the spread. Notably, this is the second time in a short time where Denmark and Sweden diverge in their pandemic response. In 2009, during the H1N1 (swine flu) outbreak, Denmark only vaccinated risk-groups whereas Sweden pursued a mass vaccination strategy. In a previous research project, we compared Sweden’s and Denmark’s contrasting pandemic response focusing on pharmaceutical interventions in terms of vaccination and antivirals. The pressing need to find a solution to the COVID-19 pandemic means that risks and shortcuts may have to be taken in order to come up with a vaccine with apparent risks to individual health. We can therefore see the current pandemic as an opportunity to expand sociological research, since Nordic cooperation once again is uncoordinated, despite signals and agreements of otherwise, and different drugs are fast tracked and already tested in human trials.
COMT Genotype and Efficacy of Propranolol for TMD Pain: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Slade G.D. , Fillingim R.B. , Ohrbach R. , Hadgraft H. , Willis J. , Arbes S.J. , Tchivileva I.E.
Published: October 2020

Propranolol is a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist that is efficacious in reducing facial pain. There is evidence that its analgesic efficacy might be modified by variants of the catechol-O-methyltransferase ( COMT) gene. We tested the hypothesis in a subset of 143 non-Hispanic Whites from a randomized controlled trial of patients with painful temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Patients were genotyped for rs4680, a single nucleotide polymorphism of COMT, and randomly allocated to either propranolol 60 mg twice daily or placebo. During the 9-wk follow-up period, patients recorded daily ratings of facial pain intensity and duration; the product was computed as an index of facial pain. Postbaseline change in the index at week 9 (the primary endpoint) was analyzed as a continuous variable and dichotomized at thresholds of ≥30% and ≥50% reduction. Mixed models for repeated measures tested for the genotype × treatment group interaction and estimated means, odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence limits (95% CLs) of efficacy within COMT genotypes assuming an additive genetic model. In secondary analysis, the cumulative response curves were plotted for dichotomized reductions ranging from ≥20% to ≥70%, and genotype differences in area under the curve percentages (%AUC) were calculated to signify efficacy. Mean index reduction did not differ significantly ( P = 0.277) according to genotype, whereas the dichotomized ≥30% reduction revealed greater efficacy among G:G homozygotes (OR = 10.9, 95%CL = 2.4, 50.7) than among A:A homozygotes (OR = 0.8, 95%CL = 0.2, 3.2) with statistically significant interaction ( P = 0.035). Cumulative response curves confirmed greater ( P = 0.003) efficacy for G:G homozygotes (%AUC difference = 43.7, 95%CL = 15.4, 72.1) than for A:A homozygotes (%AUC difference = 6.5, 95%CL = -30.2, 43.2). The observed antagonistic effect of the A allele on propranolol’s efficacy was opposite the synergistic effect hypothesized a priori. This unexpected result highlights the need for better knowledge of COMT’s role in pain pathogenesis if the gene is to be used for precision-medicine treatment of TMD (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02437383).
Capturing Marketing Information to Fuel Growth
Authors: Du Rex Yuxing , Netzer Oded , Schweidel David A. , Mitra Debanjan
Published: October 2020

Marketing is the functional area primarily responsible for driving the organic growth of a firm. In the age of digital marketing and big data, marketers are inundated with increasingly rich data from an ever-expanding array of sources. Such data may help marketers generate insights about customers and competitors. One fundamental question remains: How can marketers wrestle massive flows of existing and nascent data resources into coherent, effective growth strategies? Against such a backdrop, the Marketing Science Institute has made “capturing information to fuel growth” a top research priority. The authors begin by discussing the streetlight effect—an overreliance on readily available data due to ease of measurement and application—as contributing to the disconnect between marketing data growth and firm growth. They then use the customer equity framework to structure the discussion of six areas where they see substantial undertapped opportunities: incorporating social network and biometric data in customer acquisition, trend and competitive interaction data in customer development, and unstructured and causal data in customer retention. The authors highlight challenges that obstruct firms from realizing such data-driven growth opportunities and how future research may help overcome those challenges.
Building a Management Information System with Inter-Agency Data Sharing to Improve Data-Based Decision Making Across Systems: Experiences From Wisconsin PROMISE
Authors: Guentherman Michael , Hartman Ellie , Schlegelmilch Amanda , Brinck Emily A. , Anderson Catherine A.
Published: October 2020

Inter-agency data systems can improve data-based decision making across service systems. The Promoting the Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE) federal research demonstration projects required inter-agency collaboration to provide needed support to youth receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and their families. Wisconsin PROMISE built a system that gathered data from multiple agencies and provided a holistic picture of participants for use in evidence-based decision making. The inter-agency management information system (MIS) supported both formative evaluation of operational activities and short- and long-term impact analyses. Wisconsin PROMISE provided services and collected participant data using information technology (IT) systems distributed across eight different state agencies and multiple divisions within those organizations. The framework implemented for the Wisconsin MIS met the project objectives for an interorganizational data system and addressed the inherent challenges of collecting interorganizational data. The MIS was used for sharing data for both service delivery and research, while providing insight into the effectiveness of PROMISE project initiatives and all agencies serving the individual and their families. The purpose of this article is to share an example of how a MIS was built so others can replicate and/or use lesson learned to build something similar for their own purposes.
Female Bodies and Globalization: The Work of Indigenous Women Weavers in Zinacantán
Authors: Bayona Escat Eugenia
Published: October 2020

Women producers and sellers of textile crafts in Zinacantán, Chiapas, Mexico, use one of the few resources they have to enter business: craft production as informal, invisible, and underpaid work. Taking the body as the axis of analysis, three distinct areas of transformation of indigenous women producers by tourism may be identified: the private and domestic body of craftswomen, the social and public body as an icon of ethnic difference, and the commodified body as an extension of the touristic object. The analysis shows that tourism and participation in the international market strengthen gender, class, and ethnic differences and contribute to the perpetuation of existing inequalities.

Las productoras y vendedoras de artesanía textil en Zinacantán, Chiapas, México, utilizan uno de los pocos recursos que tienen participar en el mercado: la producción artesanal como trabajo informal, invisible y mal remunerado. Tomando el cuerpo como eje de análisis, identificamos tres áreas distintas de transformación ejercidas por el turismo sobre las productoras indígenas: el cuerpo privado y doméstico de las artesanas, el organismo social y público como icono de la diferencia étnica, y el organismo mercantilizado como una extensión del objeto turístico. El análisis muestra que el turismo y la participación en el mercado internacional fortalecen las diferencias de género, clase y etnia y contribuyen a la perpetuación de las desigualdades existentes.
The Future of Telepsychiatry in India
Authors: Ibrahim Ferose Azeez , Pahuja Erika , Dinakaran Damodharan , Manjunatha Narayana , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Math Suresh Bada
Published: October 2020

Technology is bringing about a revolution in every field and mental health care is no exception. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has provided us with both a need and an opportunity to use technology as means to improve access to mental health care. Hence, it is imperative to expand and harness the tremendous potential of telepsychiatry by expanding the scope of its applications and the future possibilities. In this article, we explore the different avenues in digital innovation that is revolutionizing the practice in psychiatry like mental health applications, artificial intelligence, e-portals, and technology leveraging for building capacity. Also, we have also visualized what the future has in store for our practice of psychiatry, considering how rapid technological advances can occur and how these advances will impact us. There will be challenges on the road ahead, especially for a country like India for instance; the digital divide, lack of knowledge to utilize the available technology and the need for a quality control and regulation. However, it is safe to presume that telepsychiatry will evolve and progress beyond these roadblocks and will fulfill its role in transforming health care. Telepsychiatry will improve the health care capacity to interact with patients and family. The blurring of national and international borders will also open international opportunities to psychiatrist in India, heralding a new wave of virtual health tourism.
Combination of Ant Colony Optimization and K-nearest Neighbours: The Influence of Working Capital Management on Corporate Performance
Authors: Coleman Martha , Wu Mengyun
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

This study looked at the influence of working capital management on firm performance using both accounting measure (ROE) and market measure (Tobin’s q) of firms listed in Nigeria and Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach:

The study used ant colony optimization (ACO) and k-nearest neighbours (KNN) in establishing the long-term effect of working capital management on corporate performance. Data were extracted from annual financial reports of non-financial companies listed on the Nigeria and Ghana stock exchanges for the recession period 2012–2016, with a total observation of 510.

Findings:

ACO was applied to determine the working capital management variables that influence corporate performance, and KNN predicted its longitudinal influence, which, in our view, has not been deeply researched. It was discovered that non-financial firms in the period of economic crises manage the account receivables and payables, as well as cash conversion cycles, maintaining optimum working capital for efficient operational activities. It is therefore assumed that these firms are exposed to external and other sources of finance, which enables them to increase investment in working capital, preventing the risk of low production hindering firms from settling debt, as well as customers, leading to the collapse of many firms in this region and accounting for an increase in the unemployment rate.

Research limitations/implications:

This study will inform corporate management and policymakers on the effect of economic crises on the performance of firms in the management of working capital to achieve desirable accounting and market performance. The ability of a firm to manage working capital during boom and recession periods enhances maximization of shareholders’ wealth.

Originality/value:

This study will alert policymakers to the urgency in setting up appropriate policies to address pertinent issues regarding longitudinal influence of economic crises on firm continuity and value. JEL Code: M4
Explorations in the Indeterminacy of Computation: An Interview with M. Beatrice Fazi
Authors: Beer David
Published: October 2020

This interview with M. Beatrice Fazi explores in detail her work on computation. Focusing in particular upon her recent publications, it covers the themes of contingency and indeterminacy. The questions explore Fazi’s perspectives on computational aesthetics, abstraction and experience. Through an interrogation of the conceptual insights that Fazi’s recent work offers, the interview outlines an agenda for future work in the philosophy of computation and sets forward a series of conceptual policies for seeing the digital, software and data in a fresh light.
A commentary on the impacts of ‘Great Lockdown’ and its aftermath on scaling firms: What are the implications for entrepreneurial research?
Authors: Greene Francis J , Rosiello Alessandro
Published: October 2020

This commentary argues that scaling fast growth firms drive economic development, even in recessionary periods. While the coronavirus induced the ‘Great Lockdown’ and its aftermath poses particular challenges, we argue that the crisis presents the entrepreneurial scholarly community with an opportunity to re-orientate our research. Rather than more narratives of business success in the face of adversity, the Great Lockdown presents us with a fresh opportunity to examine how scaling is affected by context, by luck and by the porous nature of business growth. In so doing, our hope is that it will encourage our community to adopt a more proactive agenda to support policy makers and entrepreneurs.
The Interplay between Advertising and Society: An Historical Analysis
Authors: McDonald Robert E. , Laverie Debra A. , Manis Kerry T.
Published: October 2020

As society has become more diverse and inclusive, so do the images portrayed in advertising. Using an historical research method, we gather data on political, legal, demographic, social, and cultural changes in American society, and changes in the content and messages of American advertising. We develop a framework to describe the process of how advertising and society interact. Our findings demonstrate that advertisers, in their efforts to reach their audiences, use images and language that are familiar and comfortable. Advertisers are also cautious not to alienate consumers and other stakeholders. We also suggest that marketers’ ethical obligation drives them to take a stakeholders perspective, particularly in advertising, resulting in messages that are more representative of society and at times attempt to influence society. Our study focuses on three areas of social interest: race (primarily African Americans), LGBTQ, and women’s roles as portrayed in advertising.
Risk factors for and predictive nomogram of postoperative hypoxaemia in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures
Authors: Duan Xu-zhou , Zhang Xin , Tong Da-ke , Ji Fang , Xu Kai-hang , He Rong-zhi
Published: October 2020

Objective

To investigate the related risk factors and predictive nomogram of postoperative hypoxaemia in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures.

Methods

This study included patients aged ≥65 years who underwent surgical treatment of acute femoral neck fractures. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were performed to determine the incidence of and risk factors for postoperative hypoxaemia. A predictive nomogram was constructed based on the multivariable model. Using the bootstrap method, discrimination was determined by the C-index and calibration plot.

Results

The logistic regression analysis showed that the anaesthesia type, surgical procedure, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, preoperative hypoxaemia occurrence, and age were independent predictors of development of postoperative hypoxaemia. The predictive formula for hypoxaemia was established as follows: hypoxaemia=−0.8668×spinal anaesthesia (whether)+0.1162×nerve anaesthesia (whether)+1.9555×plate/screw fixation (whether)+1.4950×hip replacement (whether)+0.4883×ASA classification+1.7153×preoperative oxygenation index+0.1608×age. With the bootstrap method, the prediction curve fit well with the ideal curve, suggesting that the prediction curve constructed in this study has good predictive ability.

Conclusions

Anaesthesia type, surgical procedure, ASA classification, preoperative hypoxaemia occurrence, and age were risk factors for postoperative hypoxaemia in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures. The predictive nomogram was designed for preoperative assessment of the risk of postoperative hypoxaemia by calculating the risk score.
Multidisciplinary shock team is associated with improved outcomes in patients undergoing ECPR
Authors: Hryniewicz Katarzyna , Hart Michael , Raile David , Wang Yale , Mooney Michael , Mudy Karol , Eckman Peter M , Samara Michael A , Traverse Jay , Sun Benjamin , Williams David M , Wilson Kelly J , Pavlovec Matthew , Kunz Miranda , Lyon Danielle , Chavez Ivan
Published: October 2020

Objectives:

Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) has been increasingly used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) in select patients. Few centers have published their experience or outcomes with ECPR. The aim of our study was to evaluate outcomes of adult patients in cardiac arrest placed on VA ECMO in the catheterization laboratory.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective analysis of adult patients in refractory cardiac arrest who underwent ECPR at the Minneapolis Heart Institute (MHI) at Abbott Northwestern Hospital from January 2012 to December 2017. Relevant data were obtained from electronic medical records, including arrest to ECMO flow time, total ECMO support time, and outcomes.

Results:

Twenty-six adult patients underwent ECPR at the study site during the defined time period. Seven patients (27%) sustained cardiac arrest out of hospital, 19 patients arrested in-hospital with eight of those occurring in the catheterization laboratory. Seventeen (65%) patients had initial rhythm of ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia (VF/VT). All patients underwent mechanical CPR with LUCAS device. Overall 30 day and 6 month survival was 69%. Median time from arrest to ECMO flow was 46 mins (21,68) vs 61 mins (36,71) in survivors and non-survivors, respectively. Sixteen of 18 survivors discharged with a CPC score of 1 or 2.

Conclusions:

We demonstrate that adult patients in cardiac arrest initiated on VA ECMO in the cardiac catheterization laboratory and cared for by a multidisciplinary shock team in the critical care unit have superior long-term survival and functionally favorable neurologic recovery when compared to current literature.
Paradigm Change or Assimilation? The Case of Behavioral Economics
Authors: Tzotzes Sergios , Milonakis Dimitris
Published: October 2020

In light of Thomas Kuhn’s view that paradigm change requires the existence of an alternative paradigm, this inquiry examines whether behavioral economics provides a foundation for change in economics. Drawing on Kuhn’s account of normal science that integrates science as a social system and a system of ideas, it critically examines the institutional and conceptual standing of behavioral economics relative to the mainstream paradigm and the alternative proposed by radical political economics with a view to assess the extent and the quality of change behavioral economics can impart to the dominant tradition of normal science in economics.
A multidisciplinary perspective on the evolution of municipal waste management through text-mining: A mini-review
Authors: Wang Chen , Liu Di , Li Yufei , Wang Lu , Gu Wei
Published: October 2020

The unprecedented urbanization that is occurring worldwide brings with it a vast amount of solid waste, leading to a rapid increase in study of municipal waste management (MWM) worldwide. This mini-review assessed this body of research both quantitatively and qualitatively. The data for the review were 9711 publications indexed by the Science Citation Index Expanded and the Social Sciences Citation Index for the period 2000–2019. The analysis showed that developed countries, the United States in particular, led trends in research during the first part of the period, and developing countries made substantial contributions to the literature more recently. For all years since 2009 except for 2014, China produced more research than the United States, becoming the most productive country in the study of MWM. Home to five of the ten most productive global research institutes on this subject, China is also a hub for collaboration among countries and institutes, as is the United States. Using content analysis and keyword visualization, this study characterized two decades of study of MWM. This study found that the keywords “sustainability,” “waste-to-energy,” “life-cycle assessment,” and “China” exhibited an upward trend in research. This study seeks the pathway to successful scientific research, helping guide researchers as they innovate in and contribute to the field, and proposes pathways that governments can take to build sustainable MWM systems.
Low Birth Weight and Psychoeducational Outcomes: Investigation of an African American Birth Cohort
Authors: Dombrowski Stefan C. , Gischlar Karen L. , Green Lauren , Noonan Kelly , Martin Roy P.
Published: October 2020

African Americans experience more than double the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW)/premature birth compared to their Caucasian counterparts, reflecting a public health crisis and a significant social justice concern. However, there is a paucity of LBW outcome studies in African American samples. There are even fewer that investigate developmental outcomes within the moderately LBW range (i.e., 1500–2500 g), the most prevalent category of LBW births. This study investigates the relationship between LBW and various psychoeducational outcomes in a prospectively designed African American birth cohort. Multivariate logit analyses of the Johns Hopkins University Pathways to Adulthood study compared LBW children with normal birth weight children on a number of outcome measures at seven and 8 years of age. Results revealed that children born within the lowest birth weight category produced the most adverse findings, from both a statistical and clinical standpoint, on measures of cognitive ability, academic achievement, speech, language, auditory processing, and visual–motor integration.
Art and Anatomy, Part II: Bird Sculpture
Authors: Scott Sandy
Published: October 2020

An understanding of the important bones, joints, muscles, where they attach, and how they articulate is necessary for the bird sculptor. In addition to this knowledge, the bird sculptor must know the major feather groups. The feather sets are basic, and every bird has the same groupings.
Current understanding and future directions for an occupational infectious disease standard
Authors: Boles Corey , Parker Justine , Hallett Laura , Henshaw John
Published: October 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has demonstrated a need for an infectious disease standard that will promote a safe and healthy work environment and assure business continuity. The current pandemic has revealed gaps in workplace preparedness and employee protections to microbial exposures. Federal and state government agencies have responded by providing interim guidelines and stop-gap measures that continue to evolve and vary in approach and required controls. This interim and inconsistent approach has resulted in confusion on the part of businesses as they work toward reopening during the pandemic and uncertainty as to the efficacy of required or suggested controls. Moving forward, the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration, with guidance from the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, should establish consistent and effective strategies through a nationwide standard to address the potential microbial exposures in the workplace. Such a standard will require effective worker protections from infectious diseases and assure business continuity.
A Post-Soviet Eco-Digital Nation? Metonymic Processes of Nation-Building and Estonia’s High-Tech Dreams in the 2010s
Authors: Annus Epp
Published: October 2020

How do Estonians imagine themselves as a nation? According to a popular Estonian essayist, a proper Estonian digs his garden on Mondays and mines his bitcoins on Tuesdays. This article focuses on Estonian imaginaries to study the grounding structures of Estonian identity-creation in the 2010s and it articulates the core of a canonized understanding of Estonian identity as “eco-digital nationhood.” The article explores Estonia’s eco-digital national model as produced by an aesthetic screening, supported by a Western gaze adapted for local purposes of positive identity creation. In Estonia, international approval (for its reputation as a digital nation) has fostered a national self-image of living in a digital state. Technological advancement combined with idealizations of natural environments have sometimes produced “eco-ambiguous” results, as in efforts to encounter nonhuman life-worlds without leaving one’s own comfort zone. In other instances, the eco and the digital function as two alternating modes of selfhood, the eco-part sometimes finding expression in the narratives of ethnic particularism, the digital part figuring Estonia as a herald of western modernism prudently adapting itself to the digital future. Discrepancies between the eco-digital imaginary and the many less flattering elements of Estonian actuality highlight selective (self-)representative strategies in narratives of national success. Nation building here emerges as a metonymic process, wherein certain parts of culture are foregrounded to represent the whole—while other parts, including substantial parts of the Soviet heritage (material, demographic, social, psychological) languish as unsuitable to be framed.
Demographic, Social, and Personal Factors Associated With Lactation Cessation by 6 Weeks in Mothers of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Parker Leslie A. , Krueger Charlene , Sullivan Sandra , Mueller Martina
Published: October 2020

Background

Although mother’s own milk decreases prematurity-associated morbidities, mothers of infants born preterm and very low birth weight experience a significantly shorter lactation duration. Little is known regarding factors associated with lactation cessation during the hospitalization of a very low birth weight infant.

Research aim

To determine demographic, social, and personal factors associated with lactation cessation by 6-weeks postpartum in mothers delivering very low birth weight infants.

Methods

We used a retrospective, longitudinal, two-group comparison design using data from a randomized control study. Mothers of very low birth weight infants ( N = 142) were enrolled from a labor and delivery unit associated with a Level 4 neonatal intensive care unit. Demographic, social, and health information was obtained from the medical records. Participants were surveyed regarding lactation goals, experience, and reason(s) for cessation.

Results

Participants who did not continue lactating for more than 6 weeks were more likely to be unemployed ( p = .019), Medicaid eligible ( p = .009), less educated ( p < .031), smoke ( p = .002), provide less skin-to-skin care ( p = .007), and to delay the decision to provide their milk to their infant ( p = .007). After Bonferroni adjustment, only minutes of skin-to-skin care remained statistically significant. Insufficient maternal milk production was the most common reason for lactation cessation.

Conclusion

While the etiology of lactation cessation is often non-modifiable, strategies aimed at maintaining mother’s own milk production, smoking cessation, increasing skin-to-skin care, and promoting an earlier decision to lactate, may prolong lactation duration in this vulnerable population. This RCT was registered (2012-00071) with ClinicalTrials.com on 6/28/2013.
Leveraging Limited Resources Through Cross-Jurisdictional Sharing: Influences on Breastfeeding Rates
Authors: Gyllstrom M. Elizabeth , McCoy Marcia Burton , Pezzini Gianfranco , Atherly Adam
Published: October 2020

Background

Cross-jurisdictional sharing is gaining traction as an option for increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of public health services in local health departments.

Research aim

Assess whether breastfeeding initiation among participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children changed with the addition of a trained breastfeeding specialist funded by cross-jurisdictional integration.

Methods

A longitudinal retrospective comparative difference in difference design using state-based program data, pre- and post-integration was undertaken. Three local county health departments ( n = 5) that fully integrated into one Community Health Board during January 2015, and four neighboring Community Health Boards ( n = 4) that did not integrate, were included.

Results

Controlling for confounders and interactions, the relative rate of change over time in breastfeeding initiation rates was greater in the integrated jurisdiction than neighboring Community Health Boards, but not statistically significant. When the integrated Community Health Board’s original three local health departments were considered separately, the relative rate of change over time in breastfeeding rates was greater for one local health department in comparison to three neighbor Community Health Boards ( p = .037, .048, and .034, respectively).

Conclusions

The addition of a specialized breastfeeding nutritionist led to improved breastfeeding initiation rates. The increase was significant only in the largest original local health department, which also had the lowest breastfeeding initiation rate pre-merger. The greatest positive change was seen in this local health department where the specialist staff was physically located. Public health staff specialization can lead to increases in economic efficiency and in improved delivery of public health services.
Depression Is Associated With Preserved Cortical Thickness Relative to Apathy in Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Basavaraju Rakshathi , Feng Xinyang , France Jeanelle , Huey Edward D. , Provenzano Frank A.
Published: October 2020

Objectives:

To understand the differential neuroanatomical substrates underlying apathy and depression in Frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

Methods:

T1-MRIs and clinical data of patients with behavioral and aphasic variants of FTD were obtained from an open database. Cortical thickness was derived, its association with apathy severity and difference between the depressed and not depressed were examined with appropriate covariates.

Results:

Apathy severity was significantly associated with cortical thinning of the lateral parts of the right sided frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. The right sided orbitofrontal, parsorbitalis and rostral anterior cingulate cortex were thicker in depressed compared to patients not depressed.

Conclusions:

Greater thickness of right sided ventromedial and inferior frontal cortex in depression compared to patients without depression suggests a possible requisite of gray matter in this particular area for the manifestation of depression in FTD. This study demonstrates a method for deriving neuroanatomical patterns across non-harmonized neuroimaging data in a neurodegenerative disease.
Implementation of cost benefit analysis of vehicle to grid coupled real Micro-Grid by considering battery energy wear: Practical study case
Authors: Koubaa Rayhane , Yoldas Yeliz , Goren Selcuk , Krichen Lotfi , Onen Ahmet
Published: October 2020

The proposed research represents a spin-off of the Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology (MCAST) Micro-Grid (MG) project. Particularly, economic impact of Electric Vehicles (EV) integration into the MG is investigated in this paper. The MCAST MG consists of photovoltaic generation unit, a diesel generator and a battery storage system. In this paper, a Vehicle-to grid (V2G) concept is considered where utilities can profit from controlled energy trading operations according to EVs availability. EVs are categorized under different profiles considering energy and time availability of owners typical work hours. V2G energy cost is estimated based on battery energy wear due V2G extra cycling and refunded to EVs owners. As most of developed V2G studies don’t consider real world input data or/and EV battery aging cost in system modeling and evaluation, the present paper presents a reliable study as it considers a real life MG with in field measurement input data and appropriate battery degradation model. The adopted model represents a linear approximation with a minimum error value to make a suitable tradeoff of computational complexity and accuracy of obtained results. Economic assessment of the system according to the proposed energy management is performed, where results indicate that the V2G system assisted the MG operation during high electricity price period and achieved economic profit to EVs owners. According to numerical results, V2G energy trading achieved 29.90 EUR of gross selling revenues with only 4.46 EUR as battery degradation cost which makes a 16.41% average cost reduction of daily MG operation cost.
Vegetation dynamics and Fire History in Färnebofjärden National Park, Central Sweden
Authors: Hannon Gina E , Halsall Karen , Molinari Chiara , Stoll Erin , Lilley Diana , Bradshaw Richard HW
Published: October 2020

Palaeoecological studies can identify past trends in vegetation communities and processes over long time scales. Pollen, plant macrofossils and charcoal analyses are used to reconstruct vegetation over the last 6400 years and provide information about former human impact and disturbance regimes in Färnebofjärden National Park, Central Sweden. Three specific conservation planning topics were addressed: (1) the changing ratio of conifers to broadleaved trees; (2) the origin and history of the river meadows and the biodiverse Populus tremula meadows; (3) the role of fire in the maintenance of biological values. Early diverse mixed broadleaved forest assemblages with pine were followed by significant declines of the more thermophilic forest elements prior to the expansion of spruce in the Iron Age. The rise to dominance of spruce was a ‘natural’ process that has been exaggerated by anthropogenic disturbance to artificially high levels today. The initial river meadow communities were facilitated by fire and frequent flooding events, but subsequent dynamics have more definitely been supported by human activities. Rural abandonment during the last 100 years has led to woody successions. Fire has been a continual disturbance factor with an influence on conservation issues such as Picea abies dominance and the maintenance of diverse, non-forest communities. Present occurrence of fire is unusually low, but natural fire frequencies are increasing in the region.