bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Multicomponent Selective Synthesis of 5‐Trifluoromethyl Pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Lou Dingyuan , Ding Yuxin , Jin Zhening , Huang Wenkai , Shi Yuan , Zhang Changjun , Xie Yuanyuan
Published: May 2024

A one‐pot multi‐component reaction strategy for the selective synthesis of 5‐trifluoromethyl pyrimidine derivatives has been established. This method avoids the inherent selectivity challenges in direct pyrimidine trifluoromethylation. The reaction demonstrates tolerance to various functional groups, yielding 5‐trifluoromethyl pyrimidine derivatives with up to 80% yields. Moreover, the practicality of this method has been underscored through scale‐up reactions.
Chronotoxici‐Plate Containing Droplet‐Engineered Rhythmic Liver Organoids for Drug Toxicity Evaluation
Authors: Zhou Jiaqi , Huang Yi‐chun , Wang Wanlong , Li Jiawei , Hou Yibo , Yi Ziqi , Yang Haowei , Hu Keer , Zhu Yu , Wang Zitian , Ma Shaohua
Published: May 2024

The circadian clock coordinates the daily rhythmicity of biological processes, and its dysregulation is associated with various human diseases. Despite the direct targeting of rhythmic genes by many prevalent and World Health Organization (WHO) essential drugs, traditional approaches can't satisfy the need of explore multi‐timepoint drug administration strategies across a wide range of drugs. Here, droplet‐engineered primary liver organoids (DPLOs) are generated with rhythmic characteristics in 4 days, and developed Chronotoxici‐plate as an in vitro high‐throughput automated rhythmic tool for chronotherapy assessment within 7 days. Cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) is identified as a rhythmic marker in DPLOs, providing insights for rapid assessment of organoid rhythmicity. Using oxaliplatin as a representative drug, time‐dependent variations are demonstrated in toxicity on the Chronotoxici‐plate, highlighting the importance of considering time‐dependent effects. Additionally, the role of chronobiology is underscored in primary organoid modeling. This study may provide tools for both precision chronotherapy and chronotoxicity in drug development by optimizing administration timing.
Bioinspired Suspended Sensing Membrane Array with Modulable Wedged‐Conductive Channels for Crosstalk‐Free and High‐Resolution Detection
Authors: Luo Haixuan , Chen Xiaoliang , Li Sheng , Xu Jinbin , Li Xiangming , Tian Hongmiao , Wang Chunhui , Li Bo , Zhang Manman , Sun Bai , He Juan , Shao Jinyou
Published: May 2024

High spatial‐resolution detection is essential for biomedical applications and human‐machine interaction. However, as the sensor array density increases, the miniaturization will lead to interference between adjacent units and deterioration in sensing performance. Here, inspired by the cochlea's sensing structure, a high‐density flexible pressure sensor array featuring with suspended sensing membrane with sensitivity‐enhanced customized channels is presented for crosstalk‐free and high‐resolution detection. By imitating the basilar membrane attached to spiral ligaments, a sensing membrane is fixed onto a high‐stiffness substrate with cavities, forming a stable braced isolation to provide an excellent crosstalk‐free capability (crosstalk coefficient: 47.24 dB) with high‐density integration (100 units within 1 cm2). Similar to the opening of ion channels in hair cells, the wedge‐type expansion of the embedded cracks introduced by stress concentration structures enables a high sensitivity (0.19 kPa−1) and a large measuring range (400 kPa). Finally, it demonstrates promising applications in distributed displays and the condition monitoring of medical‐surgical intubation.
From Rigid to Flexible: Progress, Challenges and Prospects of Thin c‐Si Solar Energy Devices
Authors: Gupta Bikesh , Min Kwan Hong , Lee Yonghwan , Tournet Julie , Hoex Bram , Jagadish Chennupati , Tan Hark Hoe , Karuturi Siva
Published: May 2024

The increasing adoption of solar energy as a renewable power source marks a significant shift toward clean, sustainable alternatives to conventional energy forms. A notable development in this field is the advancement of thin monocrystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells. Characterized by their lightweight, flexible nature, these solar cells promise to transform the renewable energy landscape with enhanced durability, adaptability, and portability. Amidst the growing demand for sustainable energy solutions, refining and evolving thin c‐Si solar cell technologies is crucial. This review comprehensively examines the latest progress in thin c‐Si solar energy conversion device technologies, offering an extensive overview of current methodologies for producing thin c‐Si films, advanced light trapping techniques, surface passivation strategies, and methods for managing thin wafers. It also explores the wide‐ranging applications of thin c‐Si solar cells. Furthermore, this article sheds light on the techno‐economic aspects, highlighting the intertwined challenges of commercializing these innovative cells. Through an in‐depth analysis of the latest advancements, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industry experts, keeping them abreast of current trends and catalyzing further advancements in thin c‐Si solar cell technology.
Effectiveness of a virtual reality trainer for retention of tourniquet application skills for hemorrhage control among emergency medicine residents
Authors: Saggar Vinay , O'Donnell Philip , Moss Hillary , Yoon Andrew , Lutz Carlo , Restivo Andrew , Ahmed Oark , Guha Debayan , Jafri Farrukh , Singh Maninder
Published: May 2024

Background

With a rise in mass casualty incidents, training in hemorrhage control using tourniquets has been championed as a basic—and lifesaving—procedure for bystanders and medical professionals alike. The current standard for training is in‐person (IP) courses, which can be limited based on instructor availability. Virtual reality (VR) has demonstrated the potential to improve the accuracy of certain medical tasks but has not yet been developed for hemorrhage control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a VR hemorrhage trainer in learner retention of tourniquet application when compared to traditional IP instructor teaching among a cohort of emergency medicine residents practicing in a Level I trauma center.

Methods

This was a prospective, observational study of 53 emergency medicine residents at an inner‐city program. Participants were randomly assigned to either the control or the VR group. On Day 0, all residents underwent a training session (IP vs. VR) for the proper, stepwise application of a tourniquet, as defined by the American College of Trauma Surgeons. Each participant was then assessed on the application of a tourniquet by a blinded instructor using the National Registry Hemorrhage Control Skills Lab rubric. After 3 months, each resident was reevaluated on the same rubric, with subsequent data analysis on successful tourniquet placement (measured as under 90 s) and time to completion.

Results

Of the 53 participants, the IP training group had an initial pass rate of 97% (28/29) compared to 92% (22/24) in the VR group (p = 0.58). On retention testing, the IP training group had a pass rate of 95% (20/21) compared to 90% (18/20) in the VR group (p = 0.62). Stratifying the success of tourniquet placement by level of resident training did not demonstrate any statistically significant differences.

Conclusions

In this pilot study of emergency medicine residents, we found no significant differences in successful hemorrhage control by tourniquet placement between those trained with VR compared to a traditional IP course among emergency medicine residents. While more studies with greater power are needed, the results suggest that VR may be a useful adjunct to traditional IP medical training.
Identifying factors associated with physical therapy use versus non‐use among injured workers with back pain in Washington State
Authors: Chin Brian , Rundell Sean D. , Sears Jeanne M. , Fulton‐Kehoe Deborah , Spector June T. , Franklin Gary M.
Published: May 2024

Background

There is little information about predictors of physical therapy (PT) use among injured workers with back pain. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the associations between PT use and baseline factors not routinely captured in workers’ compensation (WC) data.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis using the Washington State Workers’ Compensation Disability Risk Identification Study Cohort, which combines self‐reported surveys with claims data from the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries State Fund. Workers with an accepted or provisional WC claim for back injury between June 2002 and April 2004 were eligible. Baseline factors for PT use were selected from six domains (socio‐demographic, pain and function, psychosocial, clinical, health behaviors, and employment‐related). The outcome was a binary measure for PT use within 1 year of injury. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate the associations between PT use and baseline factors.

Results

Among the 1370 eligible study participants, we identified 673 (49%) who received at least one PT service. Baseline factors from five of the six domains (all but health behaviors) were associated with PT use, including gender, income, pain and function measures, injury severity rating, catastrophizing, recovery expectations, fear avoidance, mental health score, body mass index, first provider seen for injury, previous injury, and several work‐related factors.

Conclusion

We identify baseline factors that are associated with PT use, which may be useful in addressing disparities in access to care for injured workers with back pain in a WC system.
Suicide mortality according to occupation and method of suicide, Massachusetts, 2010–2019
Authors: Hawkins Devan , Patel Jagvi
Published: May 2024

Background

Suicide rates in the United States have been increasing. Work‐related factors may contribute to risk for suicide. These work‐related factors may be reflected in a varied risk for different suicide methods between occupations. This study sought to assess occupational differences in suicide rates according to the method used.

Methods

Death certificate data about suicide deaths in Massachusetts between 2010 and 2019 were used to calculate mortality rates and rate ratios with univariable and multivariable models controlling for age, sex, race ethnicity, and educational attainment for suicides overall, and for three specific methods of suicide (hanging/strangulation/suffocation, firearms, and poisoning) by occupation.

Results

In multivariate models, the risk for suicide was significantly elevated for workers in arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media (relative risk [RR] = 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.53, 2.22); construction trades (RR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.53, 1.84); protective services (RR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.26, 1.77); and healthcare support occupations (RR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.25, 1.93). Occupational risk for suicide differed across different methods. For hanging/strangulation/suffocation, workers in arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations had the highest RR (2.09, 95% CI = 1.61, 2.71). For firearms, workers in protective service occupations had the highest RR (4.20, 95% CI = 3.30, 5.34). For poisoning, workers in life, physical, and social science occupations had the highest RR (2.32, 95% CI = 1.49, 3.60).

Conclusions

These findings are useful for identifying vulnerable working populations for suicide. Additionally, some of the occupational differences in the risk for suicide and for specific methods of suicide may be due to workplace factors. Further research is needed to understand these workplace factors so that interventions can be designed for prevention.
Characterization of distinct microbiota associated with androgenetic alopecia patients treated and untreated with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP)
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wang Yanan , Ran Cheng , Zhou Yingmei , Zhao Zigang , Xu Tianhua , Hou Hongwei , Lu Yuan
Published: May 2024

Background

Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in men, and there are many studies on the treatment of hair loss by platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). The human scalp contains a huge microbiome, but its role in the process of hair loss remains unclear, and the relationship between PRP and the microbiome needs further study. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PRP treatment on scalp microbiota composition.

Methods

We performed PRP treatment on 14 patients with AGA, observed their clinical efficacy, and collected scalp swab samples before and after treatment. The scalp microflora of AGA patients before and after treatment was characterized by amplifying the V3‐V4 region of the 16 s RNA gene and sequencing for bacterial identification.

Results

The results showed that PRP was effective in the treatment of AGA patients, and the hair growth increased significantly. The results of relative abundance analysis of microbiota showed that after treatment, g_Cutibacterium increased and g_Staphylococcus decreased, which played a stable role in scalp microbiota. In addition, g_Lawsonella decreased, indicating that the scalp oil production decreased after treatment.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that PRP may play a role in treating AGA through scalp microbiome rebalancing.
Piroxicam analogue metal complexes: Synthesis, crystal structures, molecular modeling and biological studies
Authors: Zainab Shahana , Ashraf Adnan , Siddiqui Waseeq Ahmad , Raza Muhammad Asam , Niaz Shanawer , Arshad Jahan Zaib , Arshad Muhammad Nadeem , Aman Farhana , Sandhu Zeshan Ali , Asiri Abdullah M.
Published: May 2024

In recent decades, metal‐based drugs have gained considerable attention all over the world because of their enhanced therapeutic potential. The piroxicam analogue, that is, 2‐Benzyl‐4‐hydroxy‐1,1‐dioxo‐1,2‐dihydro‐1λ6‐benzo [e][1,2] thiazine‐3‐carboxylic acid pyridin‐2‐yl amide 1 was synthesized and coupled with Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) metal ions to isolate complexes 2–6. The N,O‐bidentate chelator coordinated with the metal center via pyridyl nitrogen and amide oxygen atoms by forming six‐membered ring system. Several analytical techniques like UV–Vis, FT‐IR, 1H NMR, magnetic susceptibility, and elemental analysis were performed to confirm the syntheses of the octahedral complexes. The conductance measurement was employed to determine the non‐electrolytic nature of the complexes. The molecular structures of manganese (II) 2, cobalt (II) 3, and zinc (II) 6, complexes were confirmed by single beam X‐ray crystallography revealing the monoclinic crystal system with P21/c space group. The crystallographic data was utilized to carry out the DFT studies, which were found in line with the experimental data. The antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP) and antibacterial activities were performed to determine the therapeutic potential of these synthesized compounds. These studies indicated that understudied compounds have potential as therapeutic agents and they may be used as drug candidates in the future. The in‐silico studies also aligned with the in‐vitro potential of the targeted compounds.
Environmentally benign synthesis and characterization of Bi2O3‐Sb2O3 nanocomposite: Investigation of its potential as electrode material in energy storage and generation applications
Authors: Azhar Sundus , Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Abrahams Isaac , Lin Wang , Gupta Ram K. , Al‐Ammar Essam A. , Ashraf Ghulam Abbas
Published: May 2024

A shift to alternate energy sources is needed at the present time to address rising environmental concerns. The current research work aims to use a chemical‐free and green route to synthesize nanocomposite for their application as an electrode in the generation as well as storage of energy. Subsequently, the green synthesis of Bi2O3‐Sb2O3 nanocomposite was carried out using the leaf extract of Amaranthus viridis. The synthesized nanocomposite revealed a well‐arranged pattern of spherical nanoparticles with a crystal size of 29.43 nm and a band gap value of 2.5 eV. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) potentials of Bi2O3‐Sb2O3 were studied through linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), whereas the energy storage studies were performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) techniques. The synthesized nanomaterial showed promising results for HER with an overpotential value of 205 mV as compared with OER, where an overpotential value of 450 mV was observed. However, excellent cyclic stability was witnessed for both reactions up to 1000 cycles. CV studies revealed an outstanding capacitance value of 348 F/g at a scan rate of 2 mV/s, whereas a specific capacitance of 269.5 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g was observed using GCD. The 15 h of electrode stability further endorsed the potential of synthesized material for energy‐based applications.
A continuous melt extrusion approach toward polyethylene‐based vitrimers with improved crosslinking and performance
Authors: Ash Subhaprad , Sharma Rishi , Naveed Muhammad , Patil Shalin , Cheng Shiwang , Rabnawaz Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Reported herein is a continuous one‐step melt extrusion approach for high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) vitrimers. A grafting agent and a coagent were used to produce high‐performing vitrimers. Maleic anhydride (MA) served as a reactive agent to facilitate crosslinking, while dimethyl maleate (DM) acted as a grafting enhancer by reducing the surface energy of HDPE grafted with MA. For comparison, MA alone was also tested as a grafting agent. The vitrimers obtained displayed superior mechanical properties compared with HDPE. The storage modulus, as well as crystallinity, were determined for the HDPE vitrimers. These vitrimers are reprocessable, thus supporting recycling efforts despite their crosslinked nature, owing to very fast relaxation due to low activation energy for the transesterification reaction. Consequently, these vitrimers are not only recyclable but also exhibit enhanced thermal and mechanical properties compared with conventional HDPE.
Algae infused enhancement of PBAT stiffness: Investigating the influence of algae content on mechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Letwaba John , Motloung Mpho Phillip , Muniyasamy Sudhakar , Mavhungu Lucey , Mbaya Richard , Okpuwhara Rita
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the impact of algae loading on the properties of PBAT/algae bio‐composites produced through a melt extrusion process. The integration of algae as a filler demonstrated a reinforcing effect on the PBAT matrix, leading to an increase in modulus with higher algae loading. Concurrently, the tensile strength and maximum tensile strain of PBAT decreased with an increase in algae content. The thermal stability of PBAT was affected by adding algae, resulting in bio‐composites exhibiting an intermediate behavior compared with their neat precursors. The optimal formulation is achieved with 20 wt.% of algae incorporated into the PBAT matrix. The produced PBAT/algae bio‐composites, demonstrated versatile applications across a wide range of products.
Looking in the mirror held up by North Carolina slave narratives: White folks confronting the psychosocial legacy of slavery
Authors: Watkins Mary
Published: May 2024

U.S. citizens are debating whether slavery and white supremacy are core constituents of the United States, whether white children should be troubled by learning the brutalities of slavery and life under Jim Crow laws, and whether racial reparations are due to African Americans for the centuries of economic, political, and social oppression they have endured. While many white folks prefer to ignore or demean calls for reparations, others have turned to reparative genealogy. They are inquiring deeply into their ancestors' relationships to chattel slavery and white supremacy, committed to reckoning with their own and their ancestors' racial debts. They seek to develop what sociologist W. E. Du Bois called “double consciousness.” In order to protect themselves, African Americans had to try and see through the eyes of white people, as well as their own. But white folks too rarely attempt to see themselves through the eyes of Black people. During slavery, how were whites seen by Blacks? Philosopher George Yancy urges white people to engage in the work of developing double consciousness so they can see, as most people of color do, the pernicious white and class advantages that haunt us. My ancestors were enslavers in North Carolina. I turned to slave narratives from Black North Carolinians to distill what they observed about white people. Their descriptions point to individual and cultural pathologies: dehumanizing, pathological narcissism, authoritarian character, greed, cruelty, sadism, the policing of racial borders, paranoia, absence of deserved shame and moral injury. These understandings underline some of the psychosocial tasks before us as white people.
A literature review of user privacy concerns in conversational chatbots: A social informatics approach: An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper
Authors: Gumusel Ece
Published: May 2024

Since the introduction of OpenAI's ChatGPT‐3 in late 2022, conversational chatbots have gained significant popularity. These chatbots are designed to offer a user‐friendly interface for individuals to engage with technology using natural language in their daily interactions. However, these interactions raise user privacy concerns due to the data shared and the potential for misuse in these conversational information exchanges. Furthermore, there are no overarching laws and regulations governing such conversational interfaces in the United States. Thus, there is a need to investigate the user privacy concerns. To understand these concerns in the existing literature, this paper presents a literature review and analysis of 38 papers out of 894 retrieved papers that focus on user privacy concerns arising from interactions with text‐based conversational chatbots through the lens of social informatics. The review indicates that the primary user privacy concern that has consistently been addressed is self‐disclosure. This review contributes to the broader understanding of privacy concerns regarding chatbots the need for further exploration in this domain. As these chatbots continue to evolve, this paper acts as a foundation for future research endeavors and informs potential regulatory frameworks to safeguard user privacy in an increasingly digitized world.
Synthesis and Properties of a Strained Triple Nanohoop
Authors: Zhou Qin , Xu Zhuofan , Li Ke , Tian Xiaoqi , Ye Lei , Sun Zhe
Published: May 2024

A strained triple nanohoop with a shared central benzene unit is synthesized using a threefold intramolecular ring‐closing approach. Among the five possible constitutional isomers, the isomer with the highest D3h symmetry is isolated, the structure of which contains three nanohoop blades and a central hexaphenylbenzene unit. The structure is elucidated using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The optical and electrochemical properties are investigated, revealing a moderate fluorescence quantum yield of 40 %. A water‐soluble nanomaterial is prepared using a nanoparticle encapsulation method, and a fluorescence quantum yield of 10 % is retained, which demonstrates the potential of the nanomaterial in biological systems.
A New Method of Constructing Methyleneindene and Quinoline Frameworks from Methylenecyclopropanes
Authors: Yang Qu‐Hang , Shi Min , Wei Yin
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we have established an operationally convenient protocol for the rapid construction of polysubstituted methyleneindene and quinoline derivatives under mild conditions. This new synthetic method is achieved through the conversion of acetyl‐substituted methylenecyclopropanes with TsOH ⋅ H2O and ortho‐amino‐substituted methylenecyclopropanes with aromatic aldehyde and TsOH ⋅ H2O, respectively. A variety of transformations of the obtained products was demonstrated. The plausible reaction mechanisms were also proposed.
Enhanced photocatalytic and electrochemical performance of hydrothermally prepared NiO‐doped Co nanocomposites
Authors: Venkatachalapathy Murugesan , Sambathkumar Kuppusamy , Rajasaravanan Maran Elangovan , Uthrakumar Ramamurthy , Kaviyarasu Kasinathan , Yewale Manesh Ashok , Awad Mohammed , Alam Mir Waqas
Published: May 2024

In this study, we synthesize nanostructured nickel oxide (NiO) and doped cobalt (Co) by combining nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate (NiCl2.6H2O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as initial substances. We analyzed the characteristics of the product nanostructures, including their structure, optical properties, and magnetic properties, using various techniques such as x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometers (VSM). The NiO nanoparticles doped with Co showed photocatalytic activity in degrading methylene blue (MB) dye in aqueous solutions. We calculated the degradation efficiencies by analyzing the UV–Vis absorption spectra at the dye's absorption wavelength of 664 nm. It was observed that the NiO‐doped Co nanoparticles facilitated enhanced recombination and migration of active elements, which led to more effective degradation of organic dyes during photocatalysis. We also assessed the electrochemical properties of the materials using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance spectroscopy in a 1 mol% NaOH solution. The NiO‐modified electrode exhibited poor voltammogram performance due to insufficient contact between nanoparticles and the electrolyte solution. In contrast, the uncapped NiO's oxidation and reduction cyclic voltammograms displayed redox peaks at 0.36 and 0.30 V, respectively.
Recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 7 obtained from stable Chinese hamster ovary cells enhances wound healing
Authors: Kim Young Sik , Lee Jung Soo , Jeong Mi Yeong , Jang Ju Woong , Kim Moon Suk
Published: May 2024

Although fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) is known to promote wound healing, its mass production poses several challenges and very few studies have assessed the feasibility of producing FGF7 in cell lines such as Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Therefore, this study sought to produce recombinant FGF7 in large quantities and evaluate its wound healing effect. To this end, the FGF7 gene was transfected into CHO cells and FGF7 production was optimized. The wound healing efficacy of N‐glycosylated FGF7 was evaluated in animals on days 7 and 14 post‐treatment using collagen patches (CPs), FGF7‐only, and CP with FGF7 (CP+FGF7), whereas an untreated group was used as the control. Wound healing was most effective in the CP+FGF7 group. Particularly, on day 7 post‐exposure, the CP+FGF7 and FGF7‐only groups exhibited the highest expression of hydroxyproline, fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor. Epidermalization in H&E staining showed the same order of healing as hydroxyproline content. Additionally, the CP+FGF7 and FGF7‐only group exhibited more notable blood vessel formation on days 7 and 14. In conclusion, the prepared FGF7 was effective in promoting wound healing and CHO cells can be a reliable platform for the mass production of FGF7.
CYP116B5‐SOX: An artificial peroxygenase for drug metabolites production and bioremediation
Authors: Giuriato Daniele , Catucci Gianluca , Correddu Danilo , Nardo Giovanna Di , Gilardi Gianfranco
Published: May 2024

CYP116B5 is a class VII P450 in which the heme domain is linked to a FMN and 2Fe2S‐binding reductase. Our laboratory has proved that the CYP116B5 heme domain (CYP116B5‐hd) is capable of catalyzing the oxidation of substrates using H2O2. Recently, the Molecular Lego approach was applied to join the heme domain of CYP116B5 to sarcosine oxidase (SOX), which provides H2O2 in‐situ by the sarcosine oxidation. In this work, the chimeric self‐sufficient fusion enzyme CYP116B5‐SOX was heterologously expressed, purified, and characterized for its functionality by absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments revealed a TM of 48.4 ± 0.04 and 58.3 ± 0.02°C and a enthalpy value of 175,500 ± 1850 and 120,500 ± 1350 cal mol−1 for the CYP116B5 and SOX domains respectively. The fusion enzyme showed an outstanding chemical stability in presence of up to 200 mM sarcosine or 5 mM H2O2 (4.4 ± 0.8 and 11.0 ± 2.6% heme leakage respectively). Thanks to the in‐situ H2O2 generation, an improved kcat/KM for the p‐nitrophenol conversion was observed (kcat of 20.1 ± 0.6 min−1 and KM of 0.23 ± 0.03 mM), corresponding to 4 times the kcat/KM of the CYP116B5‐hd. The aim of this work is the development of an engineered biocatalyst to be exploited in bioremediation. In order to tackle this challenge, an E. coli strain expressing CYP116B5‐SOX was employed to exploit this biocatalyst for the oxidation of the wastewater contaminating‐drug tamoxifen. Data show a 12‐fold increase in tamoxifen N‐oxide production—herein detected for the first time as CYP116B5 metabolite—compared to the direct H2O2 supply, equal to the 25% of the total drug conversion.
Circular economy, customer citizenship behaviour and firm performance: Some empirical evidence
Authors: Aryee Raphael , Alfa Atia Alpha , Acquah Hannah , Addey Grace Beauty , Akoto Eleanor Joyce Korngo
Published: May 2024

Determining the motivations behind adopting a circular economy (CE) and its effect on firm performance (FP) from the perspective of manufacturing firms has become essential for practitioners and scholars. Nonetheless, there exists a substantial unexplored gap regarding how customer citizenship behaviour (CCB) motivates and influences the adoption of CE practices and FP of manufacturing firms in the context of developing countries. Therefore, using insights from the social exchange theory, this study explores the framework through which CCB influences the relationship between CE practices and FP. The study employed a quantitative approach and partial least square structural equation modelling technique to analyse data and interpretations due to its appropriateness for predictive research models. Data was collected using a survey research strategy. The findings revealed that CCB mediates and moderates the relationship between CE practices and FP. The study highlights the significance of CCB in making CE initiatives mandatory for organisational growth while guiding managers, policymakers and scholars.
The grey side of influencer marketing: Content, contexts, and consequences
Authors: Jhawar Anand , Varshney Sanjeev , Kumar Prashant
Published: May 2024

The wall of differentiation between genuine recommendations by social media influencers and brand‐sponsored promotions has become thinner since brands are increasingly sponsoring influencers to promote their products and services. This study has followed a qualitative research method using the grounded theory approach to conduct in‐depth, one‐to‐one, semi‐structured interviews with 25 social media users to delve into influencers' brand paid promotions and sponsorship disclosure, which marks a grey area in influencer marketing. The results delineate the grey characteristics of influencers through three main themes: (1) Disclosure of paid promotions/ non‐promotions (i.e., content factors), (2) Consumer conviction conundrum (i.e., context factors), and (3) Social media users' avoidance behaviour (i.e., consequences). This study also defines ‘Sinfluencer’ (i.e., commercially motivated influencers who hide their paid partnerships) and elucidates ‘evaluation’ as a critical step, thereby extending the discussion on the social media engagement cycle.
Exploring consumer value in meal kit delivery: A mixed‐method approach
Authors: Park Joohyung , Yu Hongxiao , Kim Kawon
Published: May 2024

This study aims to investigate various types of values consumers experience within the meal kit delivery context, their influences on satisfaction and word‐of‐mouth (WOM), and the moderating effects of demographics between consumer values and satisfaction with a mixed‐method approach. The qualitative study employed a critical incident technique that analyzed consumers' online reviews, resulting in 285 critical incidents. The analysis revealed five themes of consumer value unique to the meal kit usage, including excellence, convenience, monetary value, epistemic value, and self‐esteem. The quantitative study from an online survey of 300 consumers used a structural equation modeling, which provided support for the influences of the five consumer values on satisfaction, subsequently enhancing consumers' WOM behavior. Besides, the multi‐group analysis revealed that the impacts of consumer values on satisfaction depended on their marital status and household income. This study contributes to the consumer behavior literature in three areas. First, it expands the consumer value literature by identifying multiple dimensions of consumption values unique to meal kit delivery that gained popularity during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Second, this study contributes to the consumer satisfaction and loyalty literature by demonstrating the impacts of different dimensions of values on consumer responses. Lastly, it expands our knowledge of consumer demographic characteristics that change the dynamics between consumer values and satisfaction. The findings provide valuable insights into the fast‐growing meal kit industry and allow the service providers to better align their products/service attributes with the values consumers appreciate.
Exploring the Biochemical and Nutra‐Pharmaceutical Prospects of Some Thymus Species – A Review
Authors: Anwar Farooq , Mahrye  , Khan Rahim , Qadir Rahman , Saadi Sami , Gruczynska‐Sekowska Eliza , Saari Nazamid , Hossain Brishti Fatema
Published: May 2024

The Thymus genus includes various medicinal and aromatic species, cultivated worldwide for their unique medicinal and economic value. Besides, their conventional use as a culinary flavoring agent, Thymus species are well‐known for their diverse biological effects, such as antioxidant, anti‐fungal, anti‐bacterial, anti‐viral, anti‐tumor, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, and anti‐hypertensive properties. Hence, they are used in the treatment of fever, colds, and digestive and cardiovascular diseases. The pharmaceutical significance of Thymus plants is due to their high levels of bioactive components such as natural terpenoid phenol derivatives (p‐cymene, carvacrol, thymol, geraniol), flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic acids. This review examines the phytochemicals, biological properties, functional food, and nutraceutical attributes of some important Thymus species, with a specific focus on their potential uses in the nutra‐pharmaceutical industries. Furthermore, the review provides an insight into the mechanisms of biological activities of key phytochemicals of Thymus species exploring their potential for the development of novel natural drugs.
2’,4’‐LNA‐Functionalized 5′‐S‐Phosphorothioester CDNs as STING Agonists
Authors: Yeboah Simpa K. , Zigli Abdulai , Sintim Herman O.
Published: May 2024

Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) have garnered popularity over the last decade as immunotherapeutic agents, which activate the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase‐stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS‐STING) pathway to trigger an immune response. Many analogs of 2’3’‐cGAMP, c‐di‐GMP, and c‐di‐AMP have been developed and shown as effective cancer vaccines and immunomodulators for the induction of both the adaptive and innate immune systems. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of these CDNs is limited by their chemical and enzymatic instability. We recently introduced 5’‐endo‐phosphorothoiate 2’3’‐cGAMP analogs as potent STING agonist with improved resistance to cleavage by clinically relevant phosphodiesterases. We herein report the synthesis of locked nucleic acid‐functionalized (LNA) endo‐S‐CDNs and evaluate their ability to activate STING in THP1 monocytes. Interestingly, some of our synthesized LNA 3’3’‐endo‐S‐CDNs can moderately activate hSTING REF haplotype (R232H), which exhibit diminished response to both 2’3’‐cGAMP and ADU‐S100. Also, we show that one of our most potent endo‐S‐CDNs has remarkable chemical (oxidants I2 and H2O2) and phosphodiesterase stability.
Leptospirosis in a patient with cardiac manifestation: A case report study and literature review
Authors: Lashkarbolouk Narges , Mazandarani Mahdi
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Common cardiac arrhythmias seen in patients with leptospirosis are usually atrial fibrillation or first‐degree atrioventricular block, with bradyarrhythmia being rare in this group. It is essential to prioritize the examination of the patient's medical background, clinical symptoms, and comprehensive physical evaluation in order to promptly identify and address the patient's condition.

Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease that is widespread worldwide, has a significant impact on tropical areas and can affect various organs throughout the infection. During the initial stage, symptoms are typically non‐specific. Although cases of all three cardiac layers being affected have been reported, issues with the conduction system are especially significant in the early phase of the disease. The most frequent discoveries in these patients are atrial fibrillation or first‐degree atrioventricular block, with bradyarrhythmia being rare. We describe a 37‐year‐old male farmer who initially sought medical attention for general symptoms that had been deteriorating despite receiving outpatient treatment for 3 days for a presumed diagnosis of influenza. During his initial assessment, he exhibited sinus bradycardia, anemia, leukocytosis, elevated levels of direct and total bilirubin, and abnormal liver function test results. Through thorough history‐taking, physical examination, and laboratory analyses, a diagnosis of leptospirosis was conclusively established for him. Focusing on the patient's medical history, clinical manifestations, and thorough physical assessment is crucial for promptly diagnosing and treating patients. This becomes particularly significant for individuals who exhibit atypical symptoms, exemplified by our patient presenting with nonspecific indications and cardiac issues manifested as bradycardia.
Anti‐nuclear matrix protein 2 antibody‐positive amyopathic dermatomyositis presenting in a patient with prostate cancer: A case report
Authors: Shan Divya M. , Gupta Neha , Ortega‐Loayza Alex G. , Shea Sofia , Nandan Abhishek
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Nuclear matrix protein (NXP‐2) positive amyopathic dermatomyositis (DM) may present without classic symptoms like muscle weakness, dysphagia, and edema, and mimic conditions like cutaneous lupus. Given DM's association with malignancy and interstitial lung disease, prompt and accurate diagnosis is important. Testing for myositis‐specific antibodies aids diagnosis in ambiguous cases.
Subnanometer‐sized CuOx Clusters on TiO2 as Active Photocatalysts for Ammonia Production from Photocatalytic Nitration Reduction Reaction
Authors: Chang Chia‐Che , Chen Yi‐Chia , Wu Kuan‐Chang , Priyadarshini H. N. , Lee Lo‐Yu , Chen Jeng‐Lung , Lee Chang‐Ru , Pao Chih‐Wen , Wang Di‐Yan
Published: May 2024

The Haber‐Bosch process is commonly used to produce ammonia while consuming energy and yielding huge emissions of carbon dioxide. Finding an alternative way to produce ammonia sustainably is a promising research direction with less CO2 emission. Photochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NtRR) to ammonia (NH3) could solve the nitrate pollutant problem in water and approach to produce ammonia with a more environmentally friendly process and lower energy consumption. In this work, the subnanometer‐sized copper oxide clusters decorated on titanium oxide nanoparticles (CuOx‐TiO2) were synthesized through the hydrothermal method and calcination treatment. CuOx‐TiO2 demonstrated impressively conversion rate of NO3− to NH3 with a yield of 153.09 μg‐gcat−1‐h−1 in KNO3 solution. The characteristic structure analysis revealed CuOx clusters with ~less than 1 nm decorated on TiO2 nanoparticles. From in‐situ X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopic technique, the transformation of the oxidation state of Cu clusters and the changes of local structure in the CuOx‐TiO2 were observed. The photocatalytic reaction mechanism of nitrate reduction on the CuOx‐TiO2 was successfully revealed. These discoveries have broad implications for the functional advancement of catalysts based on subnanometer‐sized clusters. Our findings may pave the way for exploring advanced ammonia synthesis routes with reduced energy consumption and carbon emissions.
Effect of Brønsted Acids on the Activation of Mixed Anhydride/Mixed Carbonic Anhydride and C‐Terminal‐Free N‐Methylated Peptide Synthesis in a Micro‐Flow Reactor
Authors: Chen Ting‐Ho , Ando Akira , Shamoto Otoka , Fuse Shinichiro
Published: May 2024

Amidations employing mixed (carbonic) anhydrides have long been favoured in peptide synthesis because of their cost‐effectiveness and less waste generation. Despite their long history, no study has compared the effects of additives on the activation of mixed anhydrides and carbonic anhydrides. In this study, we investigated the amidation of mixed (carbonic) anhydride in the presence of a base and/or Brønsted acids. The use of NMI⋅HCl significantly improved the conversion of the mixed carbonic anhydride, while expediting nucleophilic attacks on the desired carbonyl group. In contrast, in the case of mixed anhydrides, neither the conversion nor the desired nucleophilic attack improved significantly. We developed a C‐terminus‐free N‐methylated peptide synthesis method using mixed carbonic anhydrides in a micro‐flow reactor. Fourteen N‐alkylated peptides were synthesized in moderate to high yields (55–99 %) without severe racemization (<1 %). Additionally, a significant enhancement in the amidation between mixed carbonic anhydrides and bis‐TMS‐protected N‐methyl amino acids with the inclusion of NMI⋅HCl was observed for the first time. In addition, we observed unexpected C‐terminal epimerization of the C‐terminus‐free N‐methyl peptides.
Synthesis of (Hetero)biaryls via Nickel Catalyzed Reductive Cross‐Electrophile Coupling Between (Hetero)aryl Iodides and Bromides
Authors: Surgenor Richard R. , Lee Hyelee
Published: May 2024

(Hetero)biaryls are fundamental building blocks in the pharmaceutical industry and rapid access to these scaffolds is imperative for the success of numerous medicinal chemistry campaigns. Herein, a highly general, mild, and chemoselective reductive cross‐electrophile coupling between (hetero)aryl iodides and heteroaryl bromides is reported. By employing more reactive (hetero)aryl halides, a broad range of successful substrates (45 examples) were identified. The reaction was also found to be chemoselective for C(sp2)‐C(sp2) bond formation between (hetero)aryl iodides and bromides over (hetero)aryl chlorides, which were generally inert under the described reaction conditions. The efficiency of the procedure is also further demonstrated in parallel synthesis library format, on gram scale, as well as in the formal synthesis of Ruxolitinib, a potent JAK inhibitor. As such, we anticipate this method will find widespread utility in the assembly of (hetero)biaryls for medicinal chemistry efforts.
Assessment of anxiety in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Lastra Carlos , Abrahams Robert , Anash Gregory , Prisby Kyle , Goyco‐Ortiz Luz , Melean Andrea , Moreno Rosanne , Schramm Alexander
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study assessed anxiety levels in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic and explored how factors related to COVID‐19 may have affected the prevalence of anxiety disorders among the pediatric population.

Methods

Childhood anxiety symptoms were assessed at various pediatric practices in Central New Jersey between July 2021 and September 2022. The sample comprised 476 children and adolescents aged 8–17 who participated in the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) questionnaire, administered at their annual well‐child visits. Participants included both the child and the caregiver. The anxiety prevalence was compared with prepandemic standards published by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC).

Results

The prevalence of anxiety for children aged 8–17 years (28.3%) was greater than prepandemic levels (7.1%; p < 0.0001). Among children aged 8–11, anxiety increased from 6.6% to 38.1% (p < 0.0001), while for children aged 11–17, anxiety increased from 10.5% to 22.2% (p < 0.0001). Previously diagnosed anxiety was a strong predictor of a high anxiety score on the questionnaire (mean = 28.95) compared with children without a history of anxiety (mean = 17.65; p < 0.001). Furthermore, a disparity was identified in the responses between the child and the caregiver questionnaires (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

This study shows that children's anxiety levels increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Moreover, an inconsistency was found between children self‐reporting anxiety and caregivers underreporting their child's anxiety. These findings underscore the need for targeted support for those affected, especially children with a history of anxiety.
Open Circuit Interaction Between Ethanol or 2‐Propanol and Oxidized Platinum Surfaces
Authors: Ragassi Gianluca , Sitta Elton , Pan Changwei , Gao Qingyu , Varela Hamilton
Published: May 2024

The interaction between organic molecules and oxidized catalyst surfaces has frequently been used to study the fuel crossover from the anode to the cathode in direct liquid fuel cells. In such experiments, the oxidized surface is put in contact with the fuel under open circuit conditions, and the evolution of the potential is registered. The open circuit potential (OCP) vs. time features can then inform on the reactivity of the fuel with the oxidized surface and provide valuable information not only to applications in fuel cells but also to the electrochemical reform of those molecules to produce clean hydrogen. In this paper, we present an experimental investigation of the open circuit interaction between ethanol or 2‐propanol with oxidized platinum surfaces. Besides the OCP time traces, we have also employed cyclic voltammetry and fast oxide reduction sweep in the presence of the alcohols. Comparable reaction currents are obtained in the cyclic voltammogram, but the electro‐oxidation of 2‐propanol sets in at considerably lower overpotentials than that of ethanol. At the high potential region, both the magnitude and the potential of the current peak are nearly identical in both cases. In contrast, under open circuit conditions, the interaction of ethanol with the oxidized platinum surface is more pronounced than that found for 2‐propanol, and these results are corroborated by the facile reduction of the platinum oxides along the fast backward sweep for the case of the latter.