bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insight into the intrinsic flexibility of the SL1 stem‐loop from genomic RNA of HIV‐1 as probed by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Mazier Sonia , Genest Daniel
Published: November 2007

The SL1 stem‐loop is the dimerization initiation site for linking the two copies of the RNA forming the HIV‐1 genome. The 26 nucleotides stem contains a defect consisting on a highly conserved G‐rich 1‐3 asymmetrical internal loop, which is a major site for nucleocapsid protein binding. Several NMR attempts were undertaken to determine the internal loop structure in the SL1 monomer. However, the RNA constructs used in the different studies were largely mutated, in particular with replacement of the nine nucleotides apical loop by a tetraloop, and divergent results were obtained ranging from a rigid structure to a particularly large flexibility. To investigate the reasons for such discrepancies, we used molecular dynamics simulation of the SL1 monomer to probe the effect of mutations on the conformational stability of the internal loop and of the whole stem. It is found that in the wild‐type sequence, the internal loop displays conformational variability originating mainly from the nine nucleotides apical loop flexibility that causes large conformational fluctuations (without changing the average structure) in the 7 bp duplex linking the apical and internal loops. The large amplitude atomic motions in the duplex are transmitted to the internal loop in which they induce conformational changes characterized by a labile hydrogen bond network such as G5 successively H‐bonded to A29 and G30. On the contrary, with a four nucleotides apical loop, conformational fluctuations in the duplex are reduced by a factor of 2 and are not sufficiently energizing for promoting changes in the internal loop structure at the time scale of the simulations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 187–196, 2008.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley. com
Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of spruce by alkaline pretreatment at low temperature
Authors: Zhao Yulin , Wang Ying , Zhu J.Y. , Ragauskas Art , Deng Yulin
Published: November 2007

Alkaline pretreatment of spruce at low temperature in both presence and absence of urea was studied. It was found that the enzymatic hydrolysis rate and efficiency can be significantly improved by the pretreatment. At low temperature, the pretreatment chemicals, either NaOH alone or NaOH–urea mixture solution, can slightly remove lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose in the lignocellulosic materials, disrupt the connections between hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignin, and alter the structure of treated biomass to make cellulose more accessible to hydrolysis enzymes. Moreover, the wood fiber bundles could be broken down to small and loose lignocellulosic particles by the chemical treatment. Therefore, the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of untreated mechanical fibers can also be remarkably enhanced by NaOH or NaOH/urea solution treatment. The results indicated that, for spruce, up to 70% glucose yield could be obtained for the cold temperature pretreatment (−15°C) using 7% NaOH/12% urea solution, but only 20% and 24% glucose yields were obtained at temperatures of 23°C and 60°C, respectively, when other conditions remained the same. The best condition for the chemical pretreatment regarding this study was 3% NaOH/12% urea, and −15°C. Over 60% glucose conversion was achieved upon this condition. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 1320–1328. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
At‐line monitoring of bioreactor protein production by surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Jacquemart R. , Chavane N. , Durocher Y. , Hoemann C. , De Crescenzo G. , Jolicoeur M.
Published: November 2007

An innovative and automated method for the at‐line monitoring of secreted protein was developed by harnessing a Surface Plasmon Resonance‐based biosensor to a bioreactor. The proof of concept was performed by following at‐line the relative concentration of a secreted protein produced by transient transfection of mammalian cells in a bioreactor. Our results suggest that our approach can be readily applied to the at‐line determination of both protein concentration and bioactivity. Our experimental setup and strategy can thus satisfy the needs related to the development of novel bioprocess control protocols in the context of the new process analytical technology that arises in the biopharmaceutical industry. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 184–188. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extrahelical Damaged Base Recognition by DNA Glycosylase Enzymes
Authors: Stivers James T.
Published: November 2007

The efficient enzymatic detection of damaged bases concealed in the DNA double helix is an essential step during DNA repair in all cells. Emergent structural and mechanistic approaches have provided glimpses into this enigmatic molecular recognition event in several systems. A ubiquitous feature of these essential reactions is the binding of the damaged base in an extrahelical binding mode. The reaction pathway by which this remarkable extrahelical state is achieved is of great interest and even more debate.
A Conceptual DFT Approach for the Evaluation and Interpretation of Redox Potentials.
Authors: Moens Jan , Geerlings Paul , Roos Goedele
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enhanced Coercivity in Co‐Rich Near‐Stoichiometric CoxFe3‐xO4+δ Nanoparticles Prepared in Large Batches.
Authors: Salazar‐Alvarez German , Olsson Richard T. , Sort Jordi , Macedo Waldemar A. A. , Ardisson Jose D. , Baro Maria Dolors , Gedde Ulf W. , Nogues Josep
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Use of New Substituted 1,3,5‐Hexatrienes in Studying Thermally Induced 6π‐Electrocyclizations.
Authors: Suennemann Hans Wolf , Banwell Martin G. , de Meijere Armin
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct, Facile Synthesis of Acyl Azides and Nitriles from Carboxylic Acids Using Bis(2‐methoxyethyl)aminosulfur Trifluoride.
Authors: Kangani Cyrous O. , Day Billy W. , Kelley David E.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Allylation of Ketones Catalyzed by N,N′‐Dioxide and Indium(III) Complex.
Authors: Zhang Xin , Chen Donghui , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Wittig Reactions in Water Media Employing Stabilized Ylides with Aldehydes. Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters from Mixing Aldehydes, α‐Bromoesters, and Ph3P in Aqueous NaHCO3.
Authors: El‐Batta Amer , Jiang Changchun , Zhao Wen , Anness Robert , Cooksy Andrew L. , Bergdahl Mikael
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions of Trifluoromethanesulfonamide with Amides and Paraformaldehyde.
Authors: Meshcheryakov V. I. , Danilevich Yu. S. , Moskalik M. Yu. , Stetsyura N. Yu. , Zavodnik V. E. , Bel'skii V. K. , Shainyan B. A.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Self‐Assembly via Ionic Interactions of Calix[6]arene‐Based Receptors Displaying Remarkable Host—Guest Properties Toward Neutral Guests.
Authors: Le Gac Stephane , Luhmer Michel , Reinaud Olivia , Jabin Ivan
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives of Tetrathiafulvalene: Key Intermediates for the Synthesis of Redox‐Active Calixarene‐Based Anion Receptors.
Authors: Zhao Bang‐Tun , Blesa Maria‐Jesus , Le Derf Franck , Canevet David , Benhaoua Chahrazed , Mazari Miloud , Allain Magali , Salle Marc
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
En Route to Inherently Chiral Tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazines.
Authors: Hou Bao‐Yong , Zheng Qi‐Yu , Wang De‐Xian , Wang Mei‐Xiang
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroolefins.
Authors: Martin Nolwenn J. A. , Ozores Lidia , List Benjamin
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tributylphosphine, Excellent Organocatalyst for Conjugate Additions of Non‐Nucleophilic N‐Containing Compounds.
Authors: Gimbert Carolina , Moreno‐Manas Marcial , Perez Elisabet , Vallribera Adelina
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New P,N‐Ferrocenyl Ligands for the Asymmetric Ir‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Imines.
Authors: Cheemala Murthy N. , Knochel Paul
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tandem Knoevenagel—Michael Addition of Aryl Sulfonimines with Diethyl Malonate for Synthesis of Arylidene Dimalonates.
Authors: Fan Renhua , Wang Weizi , Pu Dongming , Wu Jie
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalyst‐Free Microwave‐Assisted Amination of 2‐Chloro‐5‐nitrobenzoic Acid.
Authors: Baqi Younis , Mueller Christa E.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A One‐Pot Combination of Amine and Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis: Direct Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy and β‐Malonate Esters from α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Zhao Gui‐Ling , Cordova Armando
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Oxidative Conversion of Alcohols and Amines to Nitriles with Molecular Iodine and DIH in aq. NH3.
Authors: Iida Shinpei , Togo Hideo
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Zinc Mediated Propenylation of Baylis—Hillman Acetates.
Authors: Srihari P. , Singh Ashutosh Pratap , Basak A. K. , Yadav J. S.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Preparative Method of Aryl Tosylates by Using Organobismuth Reagents.
Authors: Sakurai Naoto , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of Symmetrical Alkyl Disulfides under Phase Transfer Conditions.
Authors: Sonavane Sachin U. , Chidambaram Mandan , Almog Joseph , Sasson Yoel
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Benzenes by One‐Pot Tandem Reaction of Vinyl Malononitriles with Nitroolefins.
Authors: Xue Dong , Li Jie , Zhang Zun‐Ting , Deng Jin‐Gen
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient Synthesis of Diynes Using (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene.
Authors: Yan Jie , Wu Jinlong , Jin Hongwei
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthesis of Open‐Cage Fullerene Derivatives Having 16‐Membered‐Ring Orifices.
Authors: Roubelakis Manolis M. , Murata Yasujiro , Komatsu Koichi , Orfanopoulos Michael
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Accelerated Spiro‐Cyclizations of o‐Halobenzyl Cyclohexenyl Ethers by Palladium(0) Catalysis.
Authors: Svennebring Andreas , Nilsson Peter , Larhed Mats
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Cycloaddition Reaction of 3‐Vinylthieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene.
Authors: Machara Ales , Pojarova Michaela , Svoboda Jiri
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Selective Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted‐2H‐isoindol‐1‐ylphosphonate and 2,3‐Disubstituted‐1,2‐dihydroisoquinolin‐1‐ylphosphonate via Metal‐Tuned Reaction of α‐Amino (2‐Alkynylphenyl)methylphosphonate.
Authors: Ding Qiuping , Ye Yang , Fan Renhua , Wu Jie
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Formation of Indoles and 3,1‐Benzoxazines from o‐Alkenylanilides and Dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium Trifluoromethanesulfonate.
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Yasuda Takumi , Takeshita Itsuki , Shioji Kosei , Yokomori Yoshinobu
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ZnEt2‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination of Alkynyl Sulfonamides and the Related Tandem Cyclization/Addition Reaction.
Authors: Yin Yan , Ma Wenying , Chai Zhuo , Zhao Gang
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aza‐Nazarov Reaction and the Role of Superelectrophiles.
Authors: Klumpp Douglas A. , Zhang Yiliang , O'Connor Matthew J. , Esteves Pierre M. , de Almeida Leonardo S.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Photocycloaddition Reactions of N‐Methyl‐2,3‐naphthalenedicarboximide with Phenylacetylene.
Authors: Liu Qing‐Jian
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Aminoalkylpyrazoles and ‐isoxazoles from Cyclic β‐(Trifluoroacetyl) Enamines.
Authors: Nenajdenko V. G. , Pronin S. V. , Balenkova E. S.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
S‐Acyl and N‐Acyl Derivatives of Benzothiazole‐2‐thiol: An Example of Acyl Group Rearrangement.
Authors: Lee Joung Hee , Park Sang Hyun , Lee Hyosun
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
TMSCH2Li and TMSCH2Li—LiDMAE: Efficient Reagents for Noncryogenic Halogen—Lithium Exchange in Bromopyridines.
Authors: Doudouh Abdelatif , Woltermann Christopher , Gros Philippe C.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aminopentadiene Imines from Zincke Salts of 3‐Alkylpyridines. Application to a Synthesis of Pyridinium Salts from Amino Acids.
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Minh , Sanchez‐Salvatori Maria del Rayo , Wypych Jean‐Charles , Marazano Christian
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intramolecular Conjugate Displacement: A General Route to Hexahydroquinolizines, Hexahydroindolizines, and Related [m,n,0]‐Bicyclic Structures with Nitrogen at a Bridgehead.
Authors: Clive Derrick L. J. , Li Zhiyong , Yu Maolin
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
4‐Indolylbutanals from Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation of Allylindoles as Precursors of Benzofused Indolizines
Authors: Guazzelli Giuditta , Settambolo Roberta
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 2‐Substituted‐5‐halo‐2,3‐dihydro‐4(H)‐pyrimidin‐4‐ones and Their Derivatization Utilizing the Sonogashira Coupling Reaction in the Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Substituted β‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Diaz‐Sanchez Blanca R. , Iglesias‐Arteaga Martin A. , Melgar‐Fernandez Roberto , Juaristi Eusebio
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Eight New Limonoids from Turraea pubescens.
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Ning , Yin Sheng , Fan Cheng‐Qi , Lin Li‐Ping , Ding Jian , Yue Jian‐Min
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of p‐Aminophenyl Aryl H‐Phosphinic Acids and Esters via Cross‐Coupling Reactions: Elaboration to Phosphinic Acid Pseudopeptide Analogues of Pteroyl Glutamic Acid and Related Antifolates.
Authors: Yang Yonghong , Coward James K.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Sulfated Sesterterpene Alkaloids from the Marine Sponge Fasciospongia sp.
Authors: Yao Guangmin , Chang Leng Chee
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pyrimidine Acyclic Nucleotide Analogues with Aromatic Substituents in C‐5 Position.
Authors: Krecmerova Marcela , Holy Antonin , Masojidkova Milena
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Benzophenone from Lindera fruticosa.
Authors: Song Myoung‐Chong , Nigussie Fikru , Yang Hye‐Joung , Baek Nam‐In
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Phthioceranic Acid, a Heptamethyl‐Branched Acid from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Authors: ter Horst Bjorn , Feringa Ben L. , Minnaard Adriaan J.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nonbonding Orbitals in Fullerenes: Nuts and Cores in Singular Polyhedral Graphs.
Authors: Sciriha Irene , Fowler Patrick W.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Disila‐Okoumal: A Silicon Analogue of the Ambergris Odorant Okoumal.
Authors: Buettner Matthias W. , Burschka Christian , Junold Konstantin , Kraft Philip , Tacke Reinhold
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molecules in Glass: Probes, Ordered Assemblies, and Functional Materials
Authors: Dunn Bruce , Zink Jeffrey I.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Harnessing the Sol—Gel Process for the Assembly of Non‐Silicate Mesostructured Oxide Materials
Authors: Boettcher Shannon W. , Fan Jie , Tsung Chia‐Kuang , Shi Qihui , Stucky Galen D.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Based Controlled Release, Drug Delivery, and Biosensor Systems
Authors: Trewyn Brian G. , Giri Supratim , Slowing Igor I. , Lin Victor S.‐Y.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reactions of Danishefsky′s and Brassard′s Dienes with Aldehydes
Authors: Lin Lili , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Luminescent Polynuclear Assemblies
Authors: Cooke Michael W. , Hanan Garry S.
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Gibbs Energies of Transfer of Anions from Water to Mixed Aqueous Organic Solvents
Authors: Marcus Yizhak
Published: November 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Trefftz method for evaluating the T‐stress for cracks emanating from a hole in a rectangular plate
Authors: Chen Y. Z. , Wang Z. X. , Lin X. Y.
Published: November 2007

This paper proposes a Trefftz method for evaluating the T‐stress for cracks emanating from a hole in a rectangular plate. In this method, the displacement and the stress field are an elasticity solution, which is derived from complex potentials. The complex potentials are assumed in a series form with undetermined coefficients. After using the minimum potential energy principle, an algebraic equation for the undetermined coefficients can be formulated. The coefficients can be obtained from the equation, and the whole stress field is determined. Stress intensity factor and T‐stress can be evaluated immediately from the known solution. Merit of the suggested method is addressed. For three particular cases, R=0, R/w=0.25 and R/w=0.5, the computed results are tabulated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computation of all the Floquet eigenfunctions in autonomous circuits
Authors: Brambilla Angelo , Storti Gajani Giancarlo
Published: November 2007

Analysis methods based on the Floquet theory have gained a large interest to compute small signal and noise effects in non‐autonomous and autonomous circuits (oscillators). A reliable and straightforward method to compute all the eigenfunctions related to the Floquet analysis is discussed here. The method has been implemented in a circuit simulator and tested on several circuits. Numerical results are presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personality pathology and substance abuse in eating disorders: A longitudinal study
Authors: Thompson‐Brenner Heather , Eddy Kamryn T. , Franko Debra L. , Dorer David , Vashchenko Maryna , Herzog David B.
Published: November 2007

Objective:

Substance abuse has been shown to predict poor outcome in eating disorder (ED) samples, and prior cross‐sectional data on personality subtypes of EDs suggest that substance abuse is associated with dysregulated and possibly avoidant‐insecure subtypes. This study investigates longitudinal associations between personality and substance use.

Method:

Personality pathology and substance use were assessed in 213 individuals with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa at baseline; substance use was assessed at regular follow‐up intervals over a 9‐year period.

Results:

Of the five personality factors identified, the obsessional‐sensitive and high‐functioning types were negatively associated with substance abuse at baseline, while the behaviorally dysregulated type was positively associated with substance abuse at baseline. Longitudinal associations were observed, suggesting that obsessional‐sensitive personality type was protective against the development of substance abuse. Longitudinal associations between the other personality types and substance abuse were nonsignificant after baseline substance abuse history was included as a covariate in the model.

Conclusion:

Substance use demonstrates cross‐sectional associations with personality style, but substance abuse history appears to be the most important predictor of future substance abuse in women with eating disorders. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Indenylidene‐Ruthenium Complexes Bearing Saturated N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis and Catalytic Investigation in Olefin Metathesis Reactions
Authors: Monsaert Stijn , Drozdzak Renata , Dragutan Valerian , Dragutan Ileana , Verpoort Francis
Published: November 2007

The synthesis of complexes of the general formula Cl2Ru(SIMes)(L)(3‐phenylinden‐1‐ylidene) (5, L = PCy3; 6, L = py; and 7, L = PPh3) from Cl2Ru(PR3)2(3‐phenylinden‐1‐ylidene) (2a, R = Ph; 2b, R = Cy) is reported. This family of olefin metathesis catalysts was fully characterized (1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis) and provided excellent activity in the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of 1,5‐cyclooctadiene and the ring‐closing metathesis of diethyl diallylmalonate. Comparison with the corresponding benzylidene‐containing catalysts, 1a,c and 8b, established the decisive role of the carbene ligand on the procedure of the reaction and led to the observation of an unusual catalytic phenomenon, here called “self‐inhibition”.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
“Furan Endwise Peeling” of Celluloses: Mechanistic Studies and Application Perspectives of a Novel Reaction
Authors: Yoneda Yuko , Krainz Karin , Liebner Falk , Potthast Antje , Rosenau Thomas , Karakawa Makoto , Nakatsubo Fumiaki
Published: November 2007

The mechanism of a novel reaction type, the “furan endwise peeling” reaction, has been studied. Making extensive use of experiments on model compounds, the structural prerequisites to the reaction were found to be a 2‐hydroxpyran β‐glycosidically linked to a 2‐(2‐furyl)ethyl moiety. Proceeding from the reducing end of the celluloses, the reaction causes the one‐by‐one loss of anhydroglucose units (AGUs) which are concomitantly converted into 2‐(tetrahydroxybutyl)furans (4) by co‐reacting with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds such as ethyl acetoacetate (1). The key step of the reaction is the formation of a furan at the reducing end followed by the attack of the 2‐OH group of the last‐but‐one AGU at this terminal furan. The intermediate, unstable dioxepane fragments by cleavage of the glycosidic bond. The terminal AGU is released as a substituted furan, the “new” reducing end reacting immediately with the 1,3‐dicarbonyl component to form a new terminal furan which, in turn, undergoes the same cycle. The “furan endwise peeling” reaction represents an interesting way to convert cellulosic biomass by an easy procedure into substituted furans that are valuable fine chemicals with multiple uses.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Reactions of Lithium Silylcuprates with Pyrazolium and Indazolium Salts
Authors: González‐Nogal Ana M. , Calle Mariola , Cuadrado Purificación
Published: November 2007

Although pyrazolium salts have been shown to be unreactive toward lithium carbocuprates, these substrates were opened by lithium silylcuprate reagents to give versatile N‐silylated β‐enaminoimines stabilized by coordination of the silyl group with both nitrogen atoms. In contrast, the behaviour of indazolium salts on treatment with the same reagents is more complex. Depending on the substitution patterns of the indazolium salts, the nature of the silylcuprate and even on the temperature, we obtained 3‐silylindazolines and other interesting products resulting either from the opening of the heterocyclic ring or from modification by its opening/closing.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Microwave Assisted Digestion Method for the Determination of Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Zinc in Biological Materials
Authors: Šucman Emanuel , Mahrová Miroslava , Páč Jiří , Vávrová Milada , Kettisch Peter
Published: November 2007

Anodic stripping voltammetry is useful instrumental method for trace element determination in biological materials. It is however extremely demanding to the quality of the sample preparation process. The high‐pressure microwave assisted digestion seems to meet its requirements. The differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry technique was used for determination of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in certified reference materials both of plant and of animal origin to prove the analytical properties of such sample preparation method. The found concentrations have been in satisfactory agreement with the certified values. The elaborated digestion procedure is greatly universal and has required accuracy and precision.
A micropillar‐integrated smart microfluidic device for specific capture and sorting of cells
Authors: Liu Yan‐Jun , Guo Shi‐Shang , Zhang Zhi‐Ling , Huang Wei‐Hua , Baigl Damien , Xie Min , Chen Yong , Pang Dai‐Wen
Published: November 2007

An integrated smart microfluidic device consisting of nickel micropillars, microvalves, and microchannels was developed for specific capture and sorting of cells. A regular hexagonal array of nickel micropillars was integrated on the bottom of a microchannel by standard photolithography, which can generate strong induced magnetic field gradients under an external magnetic field to efficiently trap superparamagnetic beads (SPMBs) in a flowing stream, forming a bed with sufficient magnetic beads as a capture zone. Fluids could be manipulated by programmed controlling the integrated air‐pressure‐actuated microvalves, based on which in situ bio‐functionalization of SPMBs trapped in the capture zone was realized by covalent attachment of specific proteins directly to their surface on the integrated microfluidic device. In this case, only small volumes of protein solutions (62.5 nL in the capture zone; 375 nL in total volume needed to fill the device from inlet A to the intersection of outlet channels F and G) can meet the need for protein! The newly designed microfluidic device reduced greatly chemical and biological reagent consumption and simplified drastically tedious manual handling. Based on the specific interaction between wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and N‐acetylglucosamine on the cell membrane, A549 cancer cells were effectively captured and sorted on the microfluidic device. Capture efficiency ranged from 62 to 74%. The integrated microfluidic device provides a reliable technique for cell sorting.
On‐column conductivity detection in capillary‐chip electrophoresis
Authors: Wu Zhi‐Yong , Fang Fang , Josserand Jacques , Girault Hubert H
Published: November 2007

On‐column conductivity detection in capillary‐chip electrophoresis was achieved by actively coupling the high electric field with two sensing electrodes connected to the main capillary channel through two side detection channels. The principle of this concept was demonstrated by using a glass chip with a separation channel incorporating two double‐Ts. One double‐T was used for sample introduction, and the other for detection. The two electrophoresis electrodes apply the high voltage and provide the current, and the two sensing electrodes connected to the separation channel through the second double‐T and probe a potential difference. This potential difference is directly related to the local resistance or the conductivity of the solution defined by the two side channels on the main separation channel. A detection limit of 15 μM (600 ppb or 900 fg) was achieved for potassium ion in a 2 mM Tris‐HCl buffer (pH 8.7) with a linear range of 2 orders of magnitude without any stacking. The proposed detection method avoids integrating the sensing electrodes directly within the separation channel and prevents any direct contact of the electrodes with the sample. The baseline signal can also be used for online monitoring of the electric field strength and electroosmosis mobility characterization in the separation channel.
Recent advances in miniaturized microfluidic flow cytometry for clinical use
Authors: Chung Taek Dong , Kim Hee Chan
Published: November 2007

This article provides an overview of recent research achievements in miniaturized flow cytometry. The review focuses on chip‐based microfluidic flow cytometers, classified by cell transport method, detection technology, and biomedical application. By harnessing numerous ideas and cutting‐edge microfabrication technologies, microfluidic flow cytometry benefits from ever‐increasing functionalities and the performance levels achieved make it an attractive biomedical research and clinical tool. In this article, we briefly describe an update of recent developments that combine novel microfluidic characteristics and flow cytometry on chips that meet biomedical needs.
Complex wastewater treatment using an anaerobic baffled reactor
Authors: Krishna G.V.T. Gopala , Kumar Pramod , Kumar Pradeep
Published: November 2007

Anaerobic treatment of a low strength complex wastewater made of cellulose and sucrose (40:60) was studied in a 10 L capacity laboratory scale anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR). It was operated at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 20, 15, 10, 8, and 6 h. Corresponding organic loading rates (OLRs) were 0.6, 0.8, 1.2, 1.5, and 2 kg COD/m3d. At every HRT (or OLR), pseudo steady state was achieved. Even at maximum OLR of 2 kg COD/m3d, total COD and BOD removals exceeded 88%. Compartmentwise profiles of parameters show that larger the OLR, more number of initial compartments play significant role in the removal of COD (or BOD). The volatile fatty acids profile demonstrated that hydrolysis and acidogensis are the main biochemical activities in the initial few compartments. On the basis of the tracer study, dead space in ABR was found to range from 23 to 34%. The flow pattern in the ABR could be classified as an intermediate between plug and perfectly mixed flows. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2007
Modelling and numerical methods for the dynamics of impurities in a gas
Authors: Ferrari E. , Pareschi L.
Published: November 2007

The dynamics of a mixture of impurities in a gas can be represented by a system of linear Boltzmann equations for hard spheres. We assume that the background is in thermodynamic equilibrium and that the polluting particles are sufficiently few (in comparison with the background molecules) to admit that there are no collisions among couples of them. In order to derive non‐trivial hydrodynamic models, we close the Euler system around local Maxwellian's which are not equilibrium states.

The kinetic model is solved by using a Monte Carlo method, the hydrodynamic one by implicit–explicit Runge–Kutta schemes with weighted essentially non‐oscillatory reconstruction (J. Sci. Comput. 2005; 25(1–2):129–155). Several numerical tests are then computed in order to compare the results obtained with the kinetic and the hydrodynamic models. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smiling less at LIFFE
Authors: Lin Bing‐Huei , Chang Ing‐Jye , Paxson Dean A.
Published: November 2007

This study investigates the structure of the implied volatility smile, using the prices of equity options traded on the LIFFE. First, the slope of the implied volatility curve is significantly negative for both individual stocks and index options, and the slope is less negative for longer‐term options. The implied volatility skew can be described by risk‐neutral skewness and kurtosis, with the former having the first‐order effect. Moreover, the implied volatility skew for individual stock options is less severe than for index options. Finally, the relationship between the real and risk‐neutral moments implied in option prices is significant. The results indicate that, for equity options traded on the LIFFE, the slope of the implied volatility skew is flatter than that on the Chicago Board of Exchange (CBOE). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:57–81, 2008
Overweight and obesity and incidence of leukemia: A meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Larsson Susanna C. , Wolk Alicja
Published: November 2007

We conducted a meta‐analysis to summarize the available evidence from cohort studies on the association between excess body weight and incidence of leukemia. Studies were identified by searching the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (1966–July 2007) and by examining the references of retrieved articles. A random‐effects model was used to combine the results from individual studies. We identified 9 cohort studies with data on body mass index (BMI) or obesity in relation to incidence of leukemia. Compared with nonoverweight individuals (BMI < 25 kg/m2), the summary relative risks (RRs) of leukemia were 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–1.25] for overweight individuals (BMI 25–30 kg/m2) and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.25–1.54) for obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) individuals. On a continuous scale, a 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with a 13% increased risk of leukemia (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07–1.19). In a meta‐analysis of 4 studies reporting results on subtypes of leukemia, the summary RRs associated with obesity were 1.25 (95% CI, 1.11–1.41) for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 1.65 (95% CI, 1.16–2.35) for acute lymphocytic leukemia, 1.52 (95% CI, 1.19–1.95) for acute myeloid leukemia and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.09–1.46) for chronic myeloid leukemia. This meta‐analysis indicates that excess body weight is associated with an increased risk of developing leukemia. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcriptional regulation of human survivin by early growth response (Egr)‐1 transcription factor
Authors: Wagner Mandy , Schmelz Karin , Dörken Bernd , Tamm Ingo
Published: November 2007

Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, is involved in both, inhibition of apoptosis and regulation of cell division. Because of the tumor‐specific expression of survivin, the reduction of its expression is an important therapeutic option in the treatment of malignant diseases. Thus, we analyzed the transcriptional regulation of survivin in order to establish survivin as a target gene for new therapeutic approaches. Here, we describe a novel regulatory region within the survivin promoter. After treatment with phorbol 12‐myristate‐13‐acetate, the early growth response (Egr)‐1 transcription factor binds to the sequence 5′GAGGGGGCG 3′ within the human survivin promoter in vitro and in entire cells. In reporter‐gene assays and overexpression experiments, survivin is downregulated following exogenous expression of wildtype Egr‐1. Using p53 wildtype and mutated cell lines, we show that Egr‐1 negatively regulates survivin expression and sensitizes cell lines to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of telomerase in the endothelial cells disrupts tumor angiogenesis in glioblastoma xenografts
Authors: Falchetti Maria Laura , Mongiardi Maria Patrizia , Fiorenzo Paolo , Petrucci Giovanna , Pierconti Francesco , D'Agnano Igea , D'Alessandris Giorgio , Alessandri Giulio , Gelati Maurizio , Ricci‐Vitiani Lucia , Maira Giulio , Larocca Luigi Maria , Levi Andrea , Pallini Roberto
Published: November 2007

Tumor angiogenesis is a complex process that involves a series of interactions between tumor cells and endothelial cells (ECs). In vitro, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells are known to induce an increase in proliferation, migration and tube formation by the ECs. We have previously shown that in human GBM specimens the proliferating ECs of the tumor vasculature express the catalytic component of telomerase, hTERT, and that telomerase can be upregulated in human ECs by exposing these cells to GBM in vitro. Here, we developed a controlled in vivo assay of tumor angiogenesis in which primary human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subcutaneously grafted with or without human GBM cells in immunocompromised mice as Matrigel implants. We found that primary HUVECs did not survive in Matrigel implants, and that telomerase upregulation had little effect on HUVEC survival. In the presence of GBM cells, however, the grafted HUVECs not only survived in Matrigel implants but developed tubule structures that integrated with murine microvessels. Telomerase upregulation in HUVECs enhanced such effect. More importantly, inhibition of telomerase in HUVECs completely abolished tubule formation and greatly reduced survival of these cells in the tumor xenografts. Our data demonstrate that telomerase upregulation by the ECs is a key requisite for GBM tumor angiogenesis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Susceptibility of p27kip1 knockout mice to urinary bladder carcinogenesis induced by N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine may not simply be due to enhanced proliferation
Authors: Hikosaka Atsuya , Ogawa Kumiko , Sugiura Satoshi , Asamoto Makoto , Takeshita Fumitaka , Sato Shin‐Ya , Nakanishi Makoto , Kohri Kenjiro , Shirai Tomoyuki
Published: November 2007

Deregulated proliferation is one of the fundamental characteristics of carcinogenesis. p27 is one of the most well characterized negative cell cycle regulator. In our previous study, expression of p27 protein was found to be dramatically suppressed on stimulation of cell proliferation by calculi in the rodent urinary bladder, withdrawal of the insult resulting in re‐expression of p27 and regression of urothelial hyperplastic lesions. In the present study, to evaluate how loss of function impacts on urinary bladder carcinogenesis, N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN), a bladder carcinogen was given to p27 knockout mice. Males and females with either null, hetero or wild‐type p27 alleles were divided into 2 groups, one given drinking water containing 0.05% BBN for 10 weeks and the other receiving distilled water, then, killed at week 20. The experiment was repeated for confirmation of the outcome. In the second experiment, performed with a larger number of animals, the incidence of urinary bladder carcinomas was significantly higher in female p27‐null mice than in their wild‐type counterparts. p27 deficiency also resulted in their increase of relative weights of urinary bladders and section areas of carcinomas in BBN‐treated mice. Interestingly, while BrdU labeling indices generally increased with progression of mucosal proliferative lesions, from normal epithelium, through hyperplasia to carcinoma, there was no significant variation with the p27 genotype, in tumors as well as normal urothelium. These findings suggest that p27 deficient mice have elevated susceptibility to BBN‐induction of urinary bladder carcinogenesis through a mechanism which might be independent of acceleration of cell cycling. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Downregulation of XIAP expression in ovarian cancer cells induces cell death in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Shaw Tanya J. , Lacasse Eric C. , Durkin Jon P. , Vanderhyden Barbara C.
Published: November 2007

A hallmark of cancer cells is an ability to evade apoptosis. Overexpression and/or activating mutations of prosurvival molecules such as the X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) contribute to this inappropriate cell survival. Our objectives were to investigate the effects of downregulation of XIAP in ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo using the clinical candidate antisense oligonucleotide against XIAP, AEG35156 (AS XIAP). Three ovarian cancer cell lines were transfected with AS XIAP in vitro, and the effects on cell survival were assessed. Downregulation of XIAP resulted in significant apoptosis. To investigate the in vivo efficacy of AS XIAP, CD‐1 nude mice were xenografted intraperitoneally with A2780‐cp cells, treated with intraperitoneal AS XIAP and evaluated for survival time and tumor histology. Mice treated with 10 mg/kg/day AS XIAP showed a significant improvement in survival time compared to animals treated with control oligonucleotides. Histological analysis of the tumors showed significantly fewer viable cells in the AS XIAP‐treated tumors. Downregulation of XIAP expression in ovarian cancer cells resulted in apoptosis in vitro and a prolonged survival time of ovarian cancer‐bearing mice, which indicate that XIAP may be a valuable therapeutic target in ovarian cancers, and supports the ongoing clinical investigation of AEG35156. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.