bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF BETA-LACTAMASES PRODUCING PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Vyas Anamika , S Sheethal , Kapooria Mandeep
Published: December 2022

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa are one among the most versatile, adaptable microorganisms in the
environment. They are known to cause diseases in multiple organ systems of humans. Due to their easy acquisition of
resistance genes via various modes, multidrug resistance patterns are emerging. Morbidity and mortality especially of immunocompromised and
hospitalized individuals are on the rise because of ESBL, MBL and AmpC producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To isolate Objective:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa from various clinical samples and identify production of beta-lactamase enzymes. A prospective study for 6 Methods:
months was undertaken to identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa from various clinical samples using conventional microbiological techniques.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to CLSI guidelines. Further, beta-lactamase enzymes' production was screened
and conrmed according to CLSI. During our study period, we isolated 189 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Results: from different clinical specimens.
Screening for beta-lactamase enzymes revealed 38 (20.1%) probable ESBL, 15 (7.93%) probable MBL and 30 (15.87%) probable AmpC
producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. From these, 7 (18.42%) were conrmed as ESBL producers, 6 (40%) as MBL producers and 20
(66.67%) as AmpC producers. Drug resistance to multiple groups of antibiotics was noted in all the beta-lactamase producing strains.
Conclusion: Routine detection of suspected resistant strains in the diagnostic microbiology laboratory will aid in the early identication of the
causative pathogen hence leading to appropriate steps for their treatment. A strict antibiotic policy to curb the misuse of second line
antimicrobials will help in cutting down the production of mutants responsible for drug resistance.
Quality analysis of a combined domestic vaccine for the prevention of measles, rubella and mumps
Authors: Binyatova Anna S. , Unasova Tatyana N. , Iliasova Tatyana N. , Sarkisyan Karine А. , Fadeikina Olga V. , Movsesyants Artashes A.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The need to maintain a high level of vaccination coverage against measles, rubella and mumps in conditions of an increased risk of outbreaks of infections due to violations of vaccination tactics associated with the pandemic of coronavirus infection and due to the unfavorable epidemic situation in neighboring countries determines the advisability of using a combined vaccine for the simultaneous prevention of these three socially significant infections.
The aim of the study: to analyze the quality of commercial series of a new domestic combined cultured live vaccine against measles, rubella and mumps (MRM) throughout the entire time of its manufacturing according to all specification indicators in regulatory documentation (RD).
Materials and methods. The object of the study was the combined cultured live vaccine against measles, rubella and mumps. The analysis of the quality of the drug was carried out according to 86 consolidated production protocols of manufactured series, as well as according to the results of control of these series in the Testing Center for Quality Expertise of the Federal State Budgetary Institution NCESMP of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
Results. It is shown that the quality of the combined drug for the prevention of measles, rubella and mumps corresponds to the RD in all studied indicators. The drug does not contain an antibiotic. Bovine serum albumin, which is a technological impurity, is detected in quantities more than 5 times lower than the established norm. A comparison of the specific activity of the viral components of new combined domestic vaccine and the components of the bivalent vaccine against measles and mumps produced by the company in 20192021 showed that the spread of the activity values of the viral components in the new drug and in the series of mumps-measles vaccine was minimal, which allowed us to make a conclusion about the stability of the production technology.
Conclusion. The quality of the new domestic combined vaccine for the prevention of measles, rubella and mumps meets WHO requirements. The results of the conducted studies indicate the stability of production and the standard quality of the drug. The use of a combined vaccine against three significant infections will ensure the necessary level of vaccination coverage in the population. Information about the results of studies can help reduce the number of vaccination refusal.
Prevalence and molecular genetic characteristics of parenteral hepatitis B, C and D viruses in HIV positive persons in the Novosibirsk region
Authors: Kartashov Mikhail Yu. , Svirin Kirill A. , Krivosheina Ekaterina I. , Chub Elena V. , Ternovoi Vladimir A. , Kochneva Galina V.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Parenteral viral hepatitis (B, C, D) and HIV share modes of transmission and risk groups, in which the probability of infection with two or more of these viruses simultaneously is increased. Mutual worsening of the course of viral infections is important issue that occurs when HIV positive patients are coinfected with parenteral viral hepatitis.
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of HCV, HBV and HDV in HIV positive patients in the Novosibirsk region and to give molecular genetic characteristics of their isolates.
Materials and methods. Total 185 blood samples were tested for the presence of total antibodies to HCV, HCV RNA, HBV DNA and HDV RNA. The identified isolates were genotyped by amplification of the NS5B gene fragment for HCV, the polymerase gene for HBV and whole genome for HDV.
Results. The total antibodies to HCV were detected in 51.9% (95% CI: 44.758.9), HCV RNA was detected in 32.9% (95% CI: 26.639.5) of 185 studied samples. The distribution of HCV RNA positive cases completely repeated the distribution of HCV serological markers in different sex and age groups. The number of HCV infected among HIV positive patients increases with age. HCV subgenotypes distribution was as follows: 1b (52.5%), 3а (34.5%), 1а (11.5%), 2а (1.5%). 84.3% of detected HCV 1b isolates had C316N mutation associated with resistance to sofosbuvir and dasabuvir. The prevalence of HBV DNA in the studied samples was 15.2% (95% CI: 10.721.0). M204I mutation associated with resistance to lamivudine and telbivudine was identified in one HBV isolate. Two HDV isolates that belonged to genotype 1 were detected in HIV/HBV coinfected patients.
Conclusion. The data obtained confirm the higher prevalence of infection with parenteral viral hepatitis among people living with HIV in the Novosibirsk region compared to the general population of that region. The genetic diversity of these viruses among HIV infected individuals is similar to that observed in the general population.
Comparative study of Wuhan-like and omicron-like variants of SARS-CoV-2 in experimental animal models
Authors: Leneva Irina A. , Smirnova Daria I. , Kartashova Nadezhda P. , Gracheva Anastasiia V. , Ivanina Anna V. , Glubokova Ekaterina A. , Korchevaya Ekaterina R. , Pancratov Andrey A. , Trunova Galina V. , Khokhlova Varvara A. , Svitich Oksana A. , Zverev Vitaly V. , Faizuloev Evgeny B.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The variability of SARS-CoV-2 appeared to be higher than expected, the emergence of new variants raises concerns.
The aim of the work was to compare the pathogenicity of the Wuhan and BA.1.1/Omicron variants in BALB/c mice and Syrian hamsters.
Materials and methods. The study used strains of SARS-CoV-2: Dubrovka phylogenetically close to Wuhan-Hu-1, and LIA phylogenetically close to Omicron, BALB/c mice, transgenic mice B6.Cg-Tg(K18-ACE2)2Prlmn/HEMI Hemizygous for Tg(K18-ACE2)2Prlmn, Syrian golden hamsters. Animals were infected intranasally, pathogenicity was estimated by a complex of clinical, pathomorphological and virological methods.
Results. Comparative studies of SARS-CoV-2 Dubrovka and LIA strains on animal models demonstrated their heterogeneous pathogenicity. In parallel infection of BALB/c mice with Dubrovka and LIA variants, the infection proceeded without serious clinical signs and lung damage. Infection with the LIA strain resulted to a systemic disease with a high concentration of viral RNA in the lungs and brain tissues of animals. The presence of viral RNA in mice infected with the Dubrovka strain was transient and undetectable in the lungs by day 7 post-infection. Unlike the mouse model, in hamsters, the Dubrovka strain had a greater pathogenicity than the LIA strain. In hamsters infected with the Dubrovka strain lung lesions were more significant, and the virus spread through organs, in particular in brain tissue, was observed. In hamsters infected with the LIA strain virus was not detected in brain tissue.
Conclusion. The study of various variants of SARS-CoV-2 in species initially unsusceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection is important for monitoring zoonotic reservoirs that increase the risk of spread of new variants in humans.
Resistance to antiviral drugs in human viruses from the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae
Authors: Demin Mikhail V. , Tikhomirov Dmitry S. , Tupoleva Tatiana A. , Filatov Felix P.
Published: December 2022

The review provides information on the mechanisms of the emergence of resistance to antiviral drugs in human viruses from the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae. Data on the principles of action of antiviral drugs and their characteristics are given. The occurrence rates of viral resistance in various groups of patients is described and information about the possible consequences of the emergence of resistance to antiviral drugs is given. Information is provided regarding the virus genes in which mutations occur that lead to viral resistance, and a list of such mutations that have described so far is given. The significance of the study of mutations leading to the resistance of the virus to antiviral drugs for medical practice is discussed.
Adaptation of the sheep pox virus (Poxviridae: Capripoxvirus: Sheeppox virus) to African green monkey kidney cell line and evaluation of its immunobiological properties
Authors: Amanova Zhanat T. , Sametova Zhanna Zh. , Bulatov Yerbol A.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Outbreaks of infectious diseases seriously hinder the preservation and increase of the number of small ruminants. Such infections include sheep pox virus (SPPV). According to the OIE data of 2021, SPP outbreaks were registered in countries such as Turkey, Israel, China, Maldives, Mongolia, Thailand, Russia, Algeria, Kenya, and in 2019 in Mangistau and Atyrau regions. In Kazakhstan annually conducts routine immunization of sheep at risk with a live attenuated vaccine produced by RIBSP.
Materials and methods. The object of the study was the vaccine strain of NISHI and the virulent strain A of the sheep pox virus. The virus was propagated in Vero cells. To determine the harmlessness and immunogenicity, sheep of the Kazakh fine-wool breed aged from 6 to 12 months were used. Virological, serological and immunobiological methods were used in the study.
Results. The results of the adaptation of the NISHI strain of SPPV to the Vero cell line are presented. Five passages in Vero cells resulted to the adaptation of the NISHI strain with the manifestation of a cytopathogenic effect specific to SPPV with a titer of 6.50 lg TCD50/ml. Following immunization, the formation of immunity was observed in animals on day 7 with an average protective titer 1.8 log2, which increased by day 21 to 4.33 log2.
Conclusion. It has been established that the NISHI strain of SPPV retains its virological and immunobiological properties during reproduction in a Vero cell line.
In situ gels as a modern method of intranasal vaccine delivery
Authors: Bakhrushina Elena O. , Mikhel Joseph B. , Kondratieva Valeria M. , Demina Natalia B. , Grebennikova Tatyana V.
Published: December 2022

The continuous emergence of new pathogens and the evolution of microbial drug resistance make it absolutely necessary to develop innovative, effective vaccination strategies. Use of nasal vaccination can increase convenience, safety, cause both local and systemic immune reactions. Intranasal administration nevertheless has a number of shortcomings that can be overcome by using the latest achievements of pharmaceutical science. One of the aspects of such solution may be the use of systems for the production of intranasal vaccines in situ polymer compositions that provide a directed sol-gel transition controlled by the physiological conditions of the nasal cavity. At the same time, the gelation of the administered dose in contact with the nasal mucosa involves prolonged exposure of the drug at the injection site, greater mucoadhesion, counteraction to mucociliary clearance, modified and more complete release. A number of both foreign and domestic manufacturers produces polymers such as chitosan, gums, polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene block copolymers (poloxamers, proxanols), carbomers. For effective pharmaceutical development of new intranasal IBD delivery systems corresponding to the QbD concept, not only the knowledge of the range of excipients is necessary, but also simple, accessible, and reproducible methods for determining indicators that define the critical parameters of such delivery systems. In accordance with the conducted scientific search, the main indicators of standardization of in situ intranasal systems were identified: temperature and time of gel formation, gel strength, rheological characteristics, mucoadhesion, release, nasal mucociliary clearance time.
130th anniversary of virology
Authors: Lvov Dmitry K. , Alkhovsky Sergey V. , Zhirnov Oleg Petrovich
Published: December 2022

130 years ago, in 1892, our great compatriot Dmitry Iosifovich Ivanovsky (18641920) discovered a new type of pathogen viruses. Viruses have existed since the birth of life on Earth and for more than three billion years, as the biosphere evolved, they are included in interpopulation interactions with representatives of all kingdoms of life: archaea, bacteria, protozoa, algae, fungi, plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, including the Homo sapiens (Hominidae, Homininae).
Discovery of D.I. Ivanovsky laid the foundation for a new science virology. The rapid development of virology in the 20th century was associated with the fight against emerging and reemerging infections, epidemics (epizootics) and pandemics (panzootics) of which posed a threat to national and global biosecurity (tick-borne and other encephalitis, hemorrhagic fevers, influenza, smallpox, poliomyelitis, HIV, parenteral hepatitis, coronaviral and other infections). Fundamental research on viruses created the basis for the development of effective methods of diagnostics, vaccine prophylaxis, and antiviral drugs. Russian virologists continue to occupy leading positions in some priority areas of modern virology in vaccinology, environmental studies oz zoonotic viruses, studies of viral evolution in various ecosystems, and several other areas. A meaningful combination of theoretical approaches to studying the evolution of viruses with innovative methods for studying their molecular genetic properties and the creation of new generations of vaccines and antiviral drugs on this basis will significantly reduce the consequences of future pandemics or panzootics. The review presents the main stages in the formation and development of virology as a science in Russia with an emphasis on the most significant achievements of soviet and Russian virologists in the fight against viral infectious diseases.
TRANSFORMATÖR-TABANLI EVRİŞİMLİ SİNİR AĞI MODELİ KULLANARAK TWITTER VERİSİNDE SALDIRGANLIK TESPİTİ
Authors: ÖZBAY Erdal
Published: December 2022

Çevrimiçi ortamlar, insanların sosyal etkileşimlerinde anti-sosyal davranışların artmasını kolaylaştırmaktadır. Sosyal medya kullanımının yaygınlaşmasıyla özellikle son yıllarda nefret söylemleri, siber zorbalık ve trolleme gibi davranışlar önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Saldırgan ve nefret içerikli söylemlerin tespiti siber zorbalıkların azaltılması ve engellenmesinde önemli bir adımdır. Siber zorbalık, sosyal medya üzerinden nefret dolu, saldırgan, kaba, aşağılayıcı ve alaycı ifadeler kullanarak diğer bireylere zarar vermek adına yapılan yorumlar olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Hızla büyüyen verilerin varlığı, bunun insan denetimiyle gerçekleştirilmeye çalışılması yavaş ve pahalı olduğundan saldırganlığın otomatik tespitiyle siber zorbalığın durdurulması sağlanabilir. Bu çalışmada Twitter veri seti olan Cyber-Trolls üzerinden saldırganlık tespitini otomatik olarak belirlenmesi ele alınmaktadır. LMTweets adında bir kodlayıcı, veri kümesinin özelliklerinin çıkarılması için 20001 adet tweet üzerinden eğitilmiştir. Çıkarılan öznitelikler, metni saldırgan / saldırgan olmayan olarak sınıflandırmak üzere evrişim sinir ağı modeline girdi olarak verilir. Ayrıca Naïve Bayes, Destek Vektör Makinesi, K-En Yakın Komşu, olmak üzere üç sınıflandırma algoritması uygulanmıştır. Bunun yanında, Evrişimli Sinir Ağı, Uzun Kısa-Süreli Bellek ve Kapılı Tekrarlayan Birim üç öğrenme algoritması ile birlikte BERT, XLNet ve ULMFIT olmak üzere üç transformatör modeli uygulanmıştır. Önerilen modelde Python, Keras API ve Tensorflow birlikte kullanılmıştır. Deneysel sonuçlarda elde edilen performans parametreleri doğruluk, kesinlik, duyarlılık, F1-ölçütü ve AUC olarak belirlenmiş ve LMTweets + CNN modelinin kullanılan tüm modeller arasında daha iyi performans gösterdiği ortaya konmuştur.
JEOTERMAL ENERJİ SANTRALLERİNİN (JES) PROJELENDİRİLMESİNDE OLUŞMASI MUHTEMEL RİSKLERİN ANALİZ EDİLMESİ
Authors: CAN Eray , KESKİN ÇITIROĞLU Hülya , ARCA Deniz
Published: December 2022

Günümüz koşullarında fosil yakıtların hem hızla tükenmeye başlaması hem de maliyetlerinin yüksek olması ve çevresel kaygılar nedenleriyle, enerji üretiminde yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına daha hızlı bir yönelim olmaktadır. İnsanoğlu, yirminci yüzyılın başlarından itibaren yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından güç üretme yeteneği kazanmış olup, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından biri olan jeotermal enerji günümüzde üzerine çaba harcanan enerji kaynaklarından biri haline gelmiştir. Yenilenebilir ve sürdürülebilir enerji kaynaklarından biri olan jeotermal enerji santrallerinin (JES) projelendirilmesi yapılırken, karşılaşılabilecek olası risklerin belirlenmesi ve bu risklere karşı önlem alınması; planlanan santralin güvenliği, verimi, kullanım ömrü, proje maliyetinin belirlendiği düzeyde kalması ve elektrik enerjisi üretiminde sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması açılarından olumlu etkilere sahiptir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada JES kurulumunda veya projelendirilmesinde karşılaşılabilecek hata ve riskler, sırasıyla Hata Türü ve Etkileri Analizi (HTEA), Pareto ve Analitik hiyerarşi prosesi (AHP) sistematiğinde araştırılmış ve sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır.
PUROLİTE CT169DR HETEROJEN KATALİZÖRÜ VARLIĞINDA METANOL İLE OLEİK ASİDİN ESTERİFİKASYONU
Authors: ŞENOYMAK TARAKÇI Melike İmge , İLGEN Oğuzhan
Published: December 2022

Biyodizel üretim sürecinde hammadde olarak atık yağ kaynaklarının kullanılabilmesi için esterifikasyon aşaması çoğunlukla gerekli olduğundan bitkisel ve hayvansal yağlarda en bol miktarda bulunan yağ asitlerinden biri olan oleik asit ile metanolün esterifikasyon reaksiyonunun yüksek asit konsantrasyonuna ve seçiciliğe sahip olan çevre dostu heterojen asidik iyon değiştirici reçinelerden biri olan Purolite CT169DR katalizörü varlığında parametrik incelemesi yapılmış ve sonuçta elde edilen oleik asit dönüşümleri hesaplanarak, %90,62 oleik asit dönüşümü ile reaksiyon için en uygun koşulların, oleik asit miktarı baz alınarak hesaplanmış ağırlıkça %9 katalizör miktarı, 6/1 metanol/oleik asit molar oranı ve 5 saatlik reaksiyon süresi olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca reaksiyon kinetiği incelenmiş ve reaksiyonun yalancı homojen birinci dereceden kinetik modele uygunluğu gösterilmiştir.
HKUST-1 ve GrO@HKUST-1 KATKILI SODYUM ALJİNAT HİBRİT MEMBRANLARIN PERVAPORATİF DESALİNASYONU
Authors: ÜNLÜ Derya
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada HKUST-1 ve HKUST-1@GOmetal organik kafes yapıları sentezlenmiş ve sodyum aljinat membrana eklenerek pervaporatif desalinasyon için hibrit membranlar üretilmiştir. Hibrit membranlar FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA ve temas açısı kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Sodyum aljinat membrana ilave edilen HKUST-1 ve HKUST-1@GO miktarının, besleme tuz konsantrasyonunun ve operasyon sıcaklığının akı ve tuz giderimine etkisi incelenmiştir. Pervaporatif desalinasyon uygulamalarında sodyum aljinat membrana HKUST-1 ve HKUST-1@GO ilavesi membranın saflaştırma performansını iyileştirmiştir. Optimum HKUST-1 ve HKUST-1@GO yükleme oranı ağırlıkça %3 olarak belirlenmiştir. Optimum operasyon parametreleri 60oC sıcaklık ve ağırlıkça %4 besleme tuz konsantrasyonu olarak her iki hibrit membran için belirlenmiştir. Hibrit membranlar mükemmel desalinasyon performansı sergilemiş ve en yüksek ayırma performansı HKUST-1@GO yüklü hibrit membran ile %99,99 tuz giderimi ve 6,59 kg/m2h su akısı olarak elde edilmiştir.
CONTACT METAMORPHISM OF LATE SILURIAN-EARLY CARBONIFEROUS METACARBONATES BY METAMAFIC DYKES AROUND LADIK AND ESIRAĞIL AREA (KONYA, CENTRAL TURKEY)
Authors: KOCAK Kerim , DÖYEN Adnan
Published: December 2022

In NNW Konya, mafic rocks form as dyke swarm or isolated linear dykes, which are cut by a series of normal faults that developed possibly by emplacement of the dyke-forming magma. Some anhydrous oxidized calcic skarn zones have ever been found out in Silurian-Early Carboniferous metacarbonates next to the Triassic metamafic dykes faulted, and in roof pendants within the intrusion. The metamafic rocks are suggested to have a low temperature and a small amount (or even absence) of the heat of crystallization, which causes the development of a restricted skarn zone. Mineralogical studies show that the skarn contains garnet, magnetite/hematite, chlorite, and sericite. The magnetite/hematite minerals form mostly as large euhedral crystals, up to 0.5 cm in length, which may be resorbed by chlorite and felsic minerals or rimmed by goethite. The garnet typically forms as spectacular euhedral large crystals, up to ~1.5 mm in size. The existence of chlorite and sericite, and the lack of hornblende, biotite and wollastonite in the region indicate that contact metamorphism took place under low pressure, relatively low temperatures (albite-epidote hornfels) and/or high CO2 conditions in the area.
CLUSTERING NEIGHBORHOODS ACCORDING TO URBAN FUNCTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT LEVELS BY DIFFERENT CLUSTERING ALGORITHMS: A CASE IN KONYA
Authors: AKAR Ali Utku , UYMAZ Sait Ali
Published: December 2022

Urban functions/activities, which emerged under the influence of the human factor and are in the process of development over time, play a crucial role in the development of neighborhoods. To ensure balanced development status among the neighborhoods, it is necessary to know the development levels of the neighborhoods in advance. This study focuses on the clustering of the 167 central neighborhoods in Konya in terms of urban functions and reveals the similarities or differences in the development status of these neighborhoods. K-means, Hierarchical (agglomerative) and OPTICS clustering analyzes were used to cluster central neighborhoods. 18 features related to urban functions were determined as input parameters in the clustering analyzes. Results showed that cluster analysis can be used in urban studies and determine the development status of cities. It is important to carry out clustering studies to make urban planning by revealing the development differences between the neighborhoods and to provide more appropriate service delivery.
TEPEKENT (KONYA-ORTA ANADOLU) YÖRESİNDEKİ VOLKANİK KAYALARIN PETROGRAFİSİ, JEOKİMYASI VE PETROLOJİSİ
Authors: ERYİĞİT Büşra , KURT Huseyin , ASAN Kürşad , GENÇOĞLU KORKMAZ Gülin
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada, Tepekent yöresi (Konya-Orta Anadolu) yüzeyleyen Miyosen yaşlı riyolitik, dasitik ve bazaltik lav akıntıları ve bunların piroklastiklerinin petrografisi, mineralojisi, jeokimyası ve petrolojisi incelenmiştir. İncelenen kayalar Toplam alkali-silika (TAS) diyagramına göre yüksek potasyum içerikli bazaltik traki-andezit, dasit ve riyolit bileşiminde kayalardır. Bununla birlikte incelenen bazaltik traki-andezitler Na2O-K2O içeriklerine göre şoşonit olarak da adlandırılmaktadır. Dasitik kayalar yer yer mm’den dm’ye değişen boyutta anklav içermektedir. Anklavlar TAS diyagramında traki-bazalt alanına düşmekte olup ana kayalarından daha mafik bir bileşim sergilemektedir. Bazaltik traki-andezitler holokristalin porfirik doku gösterirken, dasitler değişen volkanik cam içerikleri ile hipokristalin porfirik doku sergilemektedir. Bazaltik traki-andezitler olivin, klinopiroksen, plajiyoklaz ve Fe-Ti oksit içermekte, nadiren zeolitleşme ve olivinlerde iddingsitleşmeler göstermektedir. Dasitler amfibol, biyotit, plajiyoklaz, Fe-Ti oksit ve nadiren de kuvars mikro fenokristallerinin içerisine dağıldığı, aynı minerallerin mikrokristallerine ilaveten volkanik camdan oluşan hamur içeriğine sahiptir. Dasitik ana kayalarda yer alan anklavlar ana mafik mineral olarak amfibol içermekte olup, magma mixing anklavlarında sık sık rastlanan ince taneli dokuya sahiptir, bununla birlikte, bıçaksı biyotit, söndürülmüş amfibol ve elek dokulu plajiyoklaz gibi dokusal özellikler sergilemektedir. Riyolitler ise kuvars, plajiyoklaz ve Fe-Ti oksit mikrofenokristalinin yanı sıra önemli derecede sanidin ve biyotit içermektedir. Bununla birlikte dasitlere göre daha fazla volkanik cam içeriğine sahip olup, hipohiyalin porfirik doku sergilemektedir. İncelenen kayaların Okyanus Ortası Sırtı Bazaltları’na (OOSB) göre normalize iz element diyagramında, büyük iyon yarıçaplı litofil element bileşiminde (BİYE, Sr, K, Rb, U ve Th) bir zenginleşme izlenirken, yüksek alan enerjili elemente (YAEE, Nb, Ta, Ti) bileşiminde ise bir fakirleşme görülmektedir. Kondrite göre normalize nadir toprak element dağılımları, (La/Lu)N genel olarak 14-15 arasında değişim göstermektedir ve amfibol fraksiyolaşmasını anlatan kaşık desenli bir dağılım sunmaktadır. Riyolitlerde ise plajiyoklaz fraksiyonlaşmasını ifade eden belirgin biçimde negatif Eu anomalisi ve sanidin fraksiyonlaşmasına işaret eden önemli derecede negatif Ba anomalisi gözlemlenmektedir. Elde edilen veriler ışığında, incelenen volkanik kayaların yitim izi taşıyan çarpışma sonrası bimodal volkanizmanın ürünleri olduğu ve zenginleşmiş litosferik mantodan türemiş oldukları önerilmektedir.
الــعــلاقــات الليبية – الامريــكيـــة 1969-2011
Authors: أ.م.د منى حسين عبيد
Published: December 2022

اكتسبت ليبيا أهمية كبيرة في استراتيجية الولايات المتحدة الامريكية وعلى المستويات كافة ،اذ سعت الولايات المتحدة الامريكية من خلال علاقتها بليبيا الى تحقيق جملة من الاهداف السياسية والاقتصادية. وبناء على الاهمية التي تتمتع بها ليبيا فقد عمدت الولايات المتحدة الامريكية ومنذ زمن بعيد اي منذ العهد الملكي الى عقد اتفاقات وتحالفات مع ليبيا بل وحتى اقامة القواعد فيها.  وعلى الرغم من علاقات التحالف والتعاون التي ربطت كلا البلدين، الا ان تلك العلاقات سرعان ما شهدت نفورا كبيراً منذ ثورة الفاتح عام 1969م، بسبب السياسات التي تبنتها تلك الثورة ومنها التوجهات القومية في تحقيق الوحدة العربية، واجلاء القواعد البريطانية والامريكية، وتأميم شركات النفط عام 1973م .ومما زاد العلاقة سوءاً محاولة الولايات المتحدة الامريكية وضع ليبيا ضمن الدول الراعية للإرهاب ولاسيما بعد احداث 11 ايلول 2001م، الا ان ليبيا استطاعت من ان تغير سلوكها الخارجي مع الولايات المتحدة الامريكية وابدت استعدادها للتعاون مع الاخيرة في مجال مكافحة الارهاب .الا ان تلك العلاقات اخذت بالتدهور ولاسيما بعد احداث الربيع العربي وتدخل الولايات المتحدة الامريكية لإسقاط معمر القذافي. وفي الواقع، اننا لا نقلل من شأن طبيعة القذافي ونظامه التسلطي والذي دفعت الولايات المتحدة الامريكية للقضاء عليه ،ولكن ما قامت به الدعاية الامريكية وحلفاؤها وغيرهم ضد نظام القذافي وتصويره نظاما وحشيا ودكتاتوراً دموياً ومنتهكا لجميع اشكال حقوق الانسان لم يكن سوى حجة واهية للتخلص من الرئيس الليبي معمر القذافي.
Isolasi Escherichia coli pada Sumber Air Baku serta Uji Resistensinya Terhadap Antibiotik Ampisilin dan Seftriakson
Authors: Suparno Adinda Christianti , Kasasiah Ahsanal , Ratnasari Devi
Published: December 2022

Pencemaran sungai Citarum oleh Coliform fecal (Escherichia coli) cukup tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil monitoring pada tahun 2010 menunjukkan bahwa jumlah E.coli di beberapa daerah yang dialiri oleh sungai Citarum melebihi Batas Mutu Air (BMA) yaitu > 1.000/100 ml. Irigasi sungai Citarum merupakan sumber air baku bagi salah satu IPAM di Karawang, yang merupakan sumber bagi sebagian besar pemenuhan air bersih bagi kebutuhan sehari-hari.  E.coli dapat menginfeksi melalui kontaminasi air, sehingga dikhawatirkan kondisi ini dapat memicu penyebaran penyakit di masyarakat.  Penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri sering diobati dengan antibiotik. Pemakaian antibiotik telah mengalami peningkatan yang luar biasa selama 5 dekade terakhir sehingga mengakibatkan tekanan selektif yang kuat dan berpotensi memicu kejadian resistensi pada bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi E.coli serta menguji resistensinya terhadap antibiotik ampisilin dan seftriakson. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi uji pendugaan, uji penegasan, pewarnaan Gram dan pengujian resistensi menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer dengan standar yang digunakan dalam melakukan kategorisasi mengacu pada CLSI 2020. Pada hasil penelitian didapatkan isolat E.coli yang kemudian dilakukan pengujian resistensi dengan hasil masih sensitif terhadap antibiotik ampisilin dan seftriakson dengan zona hambat masing-masing 26,16 mm dan 33,27 mm.
Perbandingan Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) dan Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Sholihah Nisrina Fauziyah , Saula Lely Sulfiani , Sholih Mally Ghinan
Published: December 2022

Daun sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) dan daun kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) merupakan tumbuhan alternatif yang dapat digunakan dalam pengobatan sebagai zat antibakteri. Staphylococcus aureus dapat menjadi bakteri patogen bagi tubuh manusia, pengobatannya dapat diberikan antibiotik. Namun resisten antibiotik dapat terjadi bila penggunaannya tidak tepat. Sehingga digunakan alternatif pengobatan dengan tanaman sebagai bahan dasar terapi yang memiliki potensi sebagai obat. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi dan menganalisa kombinasi antibakteri dari ekstrak daun sambiloto dan daun kemangi terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Ekstrak diperoleh dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96% dan diuji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi dengan berbagai konsentrasi dari 6,25% hingga 100%, serta diujikan pada kombinasi konsentrasi dengan perbandingan (50% 50%), (75%:25%), dan (25%:75%). Hasil zona hambat optimum yang terbentuk pada ekstrak yaitu konsentrasi daun sambiloto 80% dan daun kemangi 6,25%. Pada pengujian kombinasi kedua ekstrak konsentrasi 75%:25% dengan rata-rata diameter yaitu 26,80.  Hasil p-value pengujian One-Way ANOVA yaitu 0,001, dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh setiap konsentrasi ekstrak terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu ekstrak daun sambiloto dan daun kemangi mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.
Evaluasi Penyimpanan Obat Di Rumah Pada Masyarakat Bekasi Utara
Authors: Idzni Raudina , Hilmi Indah Laily , Sholih Mally Ghinan
Published: December 2022

Ketika seseorang sakit, khususnya sakit dengan keluhan yang ringan. Masyarakat cenderung melakukan pengobatan sendiri terlebih dahulu sebelum memutuskan untuk pergi ke profesional. Tindakan pengobatan ini antara lain mencakup tindakan seseorang untuk mendapatkan obat, menggunakan obat, menyimpan obat dan membuang obat. Menyimpan obat di rumah adalah perilaku dalam upaya swamedikasi dan pengobatan dari penyakit kronis. Penyimpanan obat yang tidak tepat dapat memicu penggunaan obat yang tidak rasional, pemborosan sumber daya kesehatan, dan risiko kesehatan manusia yang mana merupakan dampak yang buruk. Melakukan penyimpanan obat yang telah disesuaikan dengan ketentuan yang tertera pada masing-masing obat merupakan langkah penyimpanan obat yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana penyimpanan obat pada masyarakat di kecamatan Bekasi Utara untuk menghindari penyimpanan obat yang kurang tepat. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitik dengan digunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner, data yang diambil dari bulan februari-april. Sebanyak 166 responden memenuhi kriteria dibandingkan dengan cara penyimpanan obat menurut BPOM dengan didapati hasil yaitu 83 (50,0%) responden melakukan penyimpanan obat dengan baik dan 83 (50,0%) responden menyimpan obat dengan kurang baik.
EFEK ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PUTRI MALU (Mimosa pudica Linn)
Authors: Arfiandi Arfiandi , Nofita Dewi , Fadjria Neri
Published: December 2022

Inflamasi merupakan manifestasi dari terjadinya kerusakan jaringan, dimana nyeri merupakan salah satu gejalanya. Salah satu tanaman obat yang digunakan untuk pengobatan antiinflamasi secara tradisional adalah tanaman  Putri malu (Mimosa pudica Linn.). Ekstrak etanol putri malu diperoleh dengan menggunakan metoda sokletasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antiinflamasi ekstrak etanol daun putri malu dengan variasi dosis yaitu 250mg/kgBB, 500mg/kgBB, 1000mg/kgBB dimana natrium diklofenak digunakan sebagai pembanding. Metoda pengujian efek antiinflamasi dilakukan dengan cara pembentukan udem buatan dengan menggunakan putih telur sebagai penginduksi. Pengukuran volume udem telapak kaki tikus jantan menggunakan alat pletismometer. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan didapatkan hasil bahwa dosis 50 mg/kgBB tidak memberikan efek antiinflamasi. Dosis 500 mg/kgBB dan dosis 1000 mg/kgBB memberikan efek antiinflamasi dimana terjadi penurunan volume udem rata-rata. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa ekstrak etanol putri malu (Mimosa pudica Linn) berpotensi sebagai efek antiinflamasi pada dosis 1000 mg/KgBB.

Kata kunci: Mimosa pudica Linn., Antiinflamasi, Fitokimia
KAJIAN PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN COVID-19 DENGAN PNEUMONIA DI RUANG PERAWATAN INTENSIF RUMAH SAKIT H.S SAMSOERI MERTOJOSO
Authors: Putra Oki Nugraha , Purwiningtyas Mida , Widad Anisatul
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 pneumonia merupakan salah satu komplikasi pada pasien COVID-19 dengan tingkat mortalitas yang tinggi. Pasien COVID-19 dengan pneumonia memerlukan perawatan intensif apabila terjadi kondisi gagal napas atau saturasi oksigen (SpO2) <93%.  Salah satu modalitas pada pasien COVID-19 dengan pneumonia ialah antibiotik. Evaluasi antibiotik diperlukan untuk terwujudnya penggunaan antibiotik yang rasional.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesesuaian penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien COVID-19 dengan pneumonia di ruang perawatan intensif Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara H.S Samsoeri Mertojoso Surabaya meliputi kesesuaian rute pemberian, jenis, dosis, frekuensi pemberian, lama pemberian, dan outcome therapy. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian retrospektif menggunakan rekam medik pasien COVID-19 dengan pneumonia yang dirawat pada bulan Januari – Juli tahun 2021. Didapatkan 58 pasien COVID-19 dengan pneumonia yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Levofloksasin, meropenem, dan sefoperason-sulbaktam merupakan antibiotik yang paling banyak diberikan dengan persentase masing-masing 33%, 24%, dan 19%, secara berturut-turut. Keseluruhan antibiotik sudah tepat rute pemberian yang diberikan secara intravena. Berdasarkan kesesuaian jenis antibiotik dan dosis pemberian, diperoleh delapan antibiotik sudah sesuai dan dua antibiotik tidak sesuai berdasarkan frekuensi pemberian. Lama pemberian antibiotik secara umum sudah sesuai dengan pedoman. Ditemukan status pasien yang meninggal dunia lebih banyak selama perawatan dibandingkan dengan yang sembuh Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah antibiotik yang diberikan pada pasien COVID-19 dengan pneumonia yang menjalani perawatan intensif tepat jenis antibiotik, tepat rute pemberian, tepat dosis, dan tepat lama pemberian. Diperlukan upaya yang berkesinambungan antara seluruh tenaga Kesehatan di rumah sakit untuk mewujudkan penggunaan antibiotik yang rasional.
Towards an improved framework for enterprise BIM: the role of ISO 19650
Authors: Godager Bjoern , Mohn Knud , Merschbrock Christoph , Klakegg Ole Jonny , Huang Lizhen
Published: December 2022

Enterprise BIM aims to optimise business management and asset management throughout the life-cycle of buildings and infrastructures. This follow-up study of the Enterprise BIM concept analyses the potential for international standardisation, mainly focusing on the contribution of the ISO 19650 standard series to further development. The study explores how key ISO 19650 concepts related to different types of information requirements, levels of information need, and common data environments can help strengthen Enterprise BIM. As such, the paper presents an in-depth analysis of how the ISO 19650 series and several adjacent standards can provide a further means of facilitating information management within the Enterprise BIM concept. The study uses a customised Zachman framework by adding the necessary perspectives from ISO 19650 and Enterprise BIM. The paper adds increased knowledge related to understanding the standard series parts 1, 2 and 3 and showing how they can be implemented in an enterprise structure. Based on the ISO 19650 framework, the study emphasises the importance of linking the information requirements to the various information needs of multiple end-users. At the same time, the paper provides new knowledge by showing that the information flow in the operational phase is far more nuanced than in the delivery phase, suggesting that information management must be considered in a completely different light from what previous research shows.
Eucalyptus Health Monitoring (Eucalyptus urograndis) at PT. Industrial Plantation Forest (IFP), Kapuas District, Central Kalimantan
Authors: Astri Novi , Firdara Eritha Kristiana , Yulianti Reri
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the value of the Eucalyptus health index (Eucalyptus urograndis) and to determine the supporting factors that affect the severity of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urograndis) damage. The research method used was Forest Health Monitoring (FHM). The results obtained were the part that had the highest amount of damage was found in the leaves with a percentage of 96.39% damage caused by pests and diseases. The worst part is the next part of the branch with a percentage of 2.66% where the branch is broken due to strong winds. The lowest part of the damage was found in the lower and upper stems which experienced stunted growth (stunted) with a percentage of damage of 0.95%. The cause is due to lack of nutrients and low water absorption, which causes plants to become stunted or experience stunted growth. The value of the eucalyptus health index at PT Industrial Forest Plantation (IFP) is still classified in the healthy class where the average value of the damaging weight is less than 5
Visitors Perception on the Tropical Rain Forest Miniature (MH2T) of South Borneo
Authors: Shiba Yasinta Nur , Rezekiah Arfa Agustina , Ilham Wahyuni
Published: December 2022

One of the green open spaces in the city of Banjarbaru is Tropical Rain Forest Miniature (MH2T) of South Borneo. MH2T is the only miniature rainforest in South Borneo, which was directly approved by the President of Republic Indonesia, Joko Widodo. MH2T built on an area of 90 hectares. This place also used as a place to travel by enjoying natural scenery, exercising and other activities. For the development of MH2T, perceptions from visitors is needed. It can be seen from the perception of visitors to tourist attractions. The method used to determine the perception is questionnaires and interviews. The results of these questionnaires and interviews, it was found that visitors were satisfird with the existence of MH2T and felt that MH2T had an impact on their lives. According to visitors, MH2T management is also good, in terms of cleanliness, security, accessibility and the infrastructure is good and well maintained.

Kata kunci (Keywords): MH2T, Perception, Management, Interview, Likert
Dietary Diversity of Sumatran Elephants (Elephas Maximus Sumatrensis) At Elephant Training Center Way Kambas National Park
Authors: Rawana Rawana , Prijono Agus , Elindawati Evifani Alma Dian
Published: December 2022

The Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatrensis) is a rare animal that is threatened with extinction, so conservation is needed. Elephant Training Center (PLG) Way Kambas National Park is one form of in situ conservation. The availability of natural food is one of the factors that determine the success of conservation. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition and diversity of forest community species as elephant feeding habitats, and to determine the types of plants that elephants eat. Purposive sampling was used to collect data using nested plots, 1 x 1 m2 for seedlings and undergrowth, 5 x 5 m2 for saplings, 10 x 10 m2 for poles and 20 x 20 m2 for trees. The results showed that the vegetation making up the forest as a grazing habitat for Sumatran elephants consisted of 27 species belonging to 19 families. The vegetation that elephants eat is Symplocos thwaitesii, Imperata cylindrica, Colopogonium sp., Bridelia monoica, Vitex pinnata, Shorea sp., Pennisetum purpureum, Gluta renghas, Mimosa pudica, and Melastoma. The most widely available plant species belong to the Poaceae and Leguminoceae families. The diversity index of the seedling level of 2.49 was categorized as high, while the vegetation level of sapling, poles, and trees was categorized as low. Meanwhile, the evenness index at the seedling, sapling, pole and tree levels was categorized as high. The richness index for all levels of growth is categorized as moderate.
The Effect of Strip Arrangement on Physical and Mechanical Properties Petung Bamboo Laminated Board (Dendrocalamus asper Backer)
Authors: Wulandari Febriana , Habibi  , Ningsih Rima Vera
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai sifat fisika dan mekanika papan laminasi bambu petung berdasarkan susuanan bilah kearah tebal dan pengaruh berat labur terhadap sifat fisika dan  mekanikanya.  Metode yang digunakan menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan dua perlakuan berat labur serta tiga kali ulangan.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat ditarik beberapa kesimpulan mengenai sifat fisika dan mekanika papan laminasi bambu petung dengan susunan bilah ke arah tebal: sifat fisika memiliki nilai rata-rata kadar air sebesar13,128%, kerapatan sebesar 0,459 gram/cm3, pengembangan tebal sebesar 4,206%, penyusutan tebal sebesar 5,044%, MoE sebesar10001,776 kgf/cm2 dan MoR sebesar 267,401 kgf/cm2. Berat labur tidak berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisika dan mekanika papan laminasi bambu petung kecuali pada pengujian penyusutan tebal.  Berdasarkan kelas kuat papan laminasi maka papan laminasi bambu petung masuk dalam kelas kuat III yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bangunan seperti rangka pintu, jendela, panel, perabot rumah tangga dan industri kayu.
The Effect of Cold Soaking Duration and Concentration ff Preservatives on Preservation of Bayur (Pterospermum Javanicum) Using Preservative Extract Mimba Leaf (Azadirachta Indica)
Authors: Muslim Patriot , Wulandari Febriana Tri , Anwar Hairil
Published: December 2022

Wood is one of the forest products needed by humans for various uses, including as construction material, crafts, furniture and so on. The solution to save the use of wood by extending the life of the wood through the wood preservation process. The wood used in this study used Bayur wood (Pterospermum javanicum Jungh.). Bayur wood is a typical type of wood from the tropics belonging to durable class IV (easy to rot) which is wood that is easily attacked by wood-destroying organisms such as subterranean termites. Bayur wood grows and develops in secondary forest, with an altitude below 1,000 mdpl (Salmayanti et al., 2013). The aim of this research is:.(1) To determine the effect of immersion time on the value of absorption, retention and penetration of bayur wood preservation. (2) To determine the effect of the concentration of neem leaf extract preservative on the absorption, retention and penetration values ​​of bayur wood preservation. (3) To determine the interaction effect of immersion time and concentration of neem leaf extract preservative on the absorption, retention and penetration values ​​of bayur wood preservation. The results of this study indicate the conclusions that can be drawn as follows: (1) The immersion time has no effect on the value of absorption, theoretical retention, actual retention, and penetration of bayur wood immersion using neem leaf extract. (2) The concentration of preservatives has no effect on the value of absorption, theoretical retention, actual retention, and penetration. (3) The interaction between the length of immersion time and the concentration of preservatives did not affect the value of absorption, theoretical retention, actual retention, and penetration.
Distribution Pattern, Habitat Characteristics, and Regeneration of Krangean (Litsea cubeba) at Mount Slamet, Central Java
Authors: Istomo Istomo , Abdillah Mufti
Published: December 2022

Krangean (Litsea cubeba Lour) adalah salah satu jenis yang mendiami wilayah Gunung Slamet yang hampir semua bagian pohon krangean berpotensi sebagai penghasil minyak atsiri. Kondisi permudaan jenis ini di alam sulit di temukan sehingga diperlukan informasi mengenai preferensi ekologi yang tepat guna tujuan budidaya dan konservasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi komposisi dan struktur tegakan, pola sebaran, karakteristik habitat, dan regenerasi krangean (L. cubeba) di hutan lindung Gunung Slamet. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis vegetasi dengan membuat plot berukuran 30 m × 30 m sebanyak 18 plot. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola persebaran krangean cenderung mengelompok (clump) dan kondisi regenerasi yang buruk karena hanya ditemukan pada tingkat tiang dan pohon. Kondisi habitat L. cubeba di Gunung Slamet berada pada ketinggian 1018-2032 mdpl dengan kelerengan curam hingga sangat curam (30 - 59,10%), suhu mulai 11℃ hingga 22,5℃, dan kelembaban 74 - 92%. Jenis tanah yang teramati adalah jenis tanah latosol dengan kategori pH agak masam. Faktor lingkungan yang diujikan tidak berpengaruh nyata pada luas bidang dasar (LBDS) krangean dengan R2 sebesar 55,37%.