bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microphysical Modeling of Mineral Clouds in GJ1214 b and GJ436 b: Predicting Upper Limits on the Cloud-top Height
Authors: Ohno Kazumasa , Okuzumi Satoshi
Published: May 2018

The ubiquity of clouds in the atmospheres of exoplanets, especially of super-Earths, is one of the outstanding issues for the transmission spectra survey. Understanding the formation process of clouds in super-Earths is necessary to interpret the observed spectra correctly. In this study, we investigate the vertical distributions of particle size and mass density of mineral clouds in super-Earths using a microphysical model that takes into account the vertical transport and growth of cloud particles in a self-consistent manner. We demonstrate that the vertical profiles of mineral clouds significantly vary with the concentration of cloud condensation nuclei and atmospheric metallicity. We find that the height of the cloud top increases with increasing metallicity as long as the metallicity is lower than the threshold. If the metallicity is larger than the threshold, the cloud-top height no longer increases appreciably with metallicity because coalescence yields larger particles of higher settling velocities. We apply our cloud model to GJ1214 b and GJ436 b, for which recent transmission observations suggest the presence of high-altitude opaque clouds. For GJ436 b, we show that KCl particles can ascend high enough to explain the observation. For GJ1214 b, by contrast, the height of KCl clouds predicted from our model is too low to explain its flat transmission spectrum. Clouds made of highly porous KCl particles could explain the observations if the atmosphere is highly metal-rich, and hence the particle microstructure might be a key to interpret the flat spectrum of GJ1214 b.
Homogeneous Analysis of the Dust Morphology of Transition Disks Observed with ALMA: Investigating Dust Trapping and the Origin of the Cavities
Authors: Pinilla P. , Tazzari M. , Pascucci I. , Youdin A. N. , Garufi A. , Manara C. F. , Testi L. , van der Plas G. , Barenfeld S. A. , Canovas H. , Cox E. G. , Hendler N. P. , Pérez L. M. , van der Marel N.
Published: May 2018

We analyze the dust morphology of 29 transition disks (TDs) observed with Atacama Large (sub-)Millimeter Array (ALMA) at (sub-)millimeter emission. We perform the analysis in the visibility plane to characterize the total flux, cavity size, and shape of the ring-like structure. First, we found that the M
dust–M
⋆ relation is much flatter for TDs than the observed trends from samples of class II sources in different star-forming regions. This relation demonstrates that cavities open in high (dust) mass disks, independent of the stellar mass. The flatness of this relation contradicts the idea that TDs are a more evolved set of disks. Two potential reasons (not mutually exclusive) may explain this flat relation: the emission is optically thick or/and millimeter-sized particles are trapped in a pressure bump. Second, we discuss our results of the cavity size and ring width in the context of different physical processes for cavity formation. Photoevaporation is an unlikely leading mechanism for the origin of the cavity of any of the targets in the sample. Embedded giant planets or dead zones remain as potential explanations. Although both models predict correlations between the cavity size and the ring shape for different stellar and disk properties, we demonstrate that with the current resolution of the observations, it is difficult to obtain these correlations. Future observations with higher angular resolution observations of TDs with ALMA will help discern between different potential origins of cavities in TDs.
The Profile of the Galactic Halo from Pan-STARRS1 3π RR Lyrae
Authors: Hernitschek Nina , Cohen Judith G. , Rix Hans-Walter , Sesar Branimir , Martin Nicolas F. , Magnier Eugene , Wainscoat Richard , Kaiser Nick , Tonry John L. , Kudritzki Rolf-Peter , Hodapp Klaus , Chambers Ken , Flewelling Heather , Burgett William
Published: May 2018

We characterize the spatial density of the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) sample of Rrab stars to study the properties of the old Galactic stellar halo. This sample, containing 44,403 sources, spans galactocentric radii of 0.55 kpc ≤ R
gc ≤ 141 kpc with a distance precision of 3% and thus is able to trace the halo out to larger distances than most previous studies. After excising stars that are attributed to dense regions such as stellar streams, the Galactic disk and bulge, and halo globular clusters, the sample contains ∼11,000 sources within 20 kpc ≤ R
gc ≤ 131 kpc. We then apply forward modeling using Galactic halo profile models with a sample selection function. Specifically, we use ellipsoidal stellar density models ρ(l, b, R
gc) with a constant and a radius-dependent halo flattening q(R
gc). Assuming constant flattening q, the distribution of the sources is reasonably well fit by a single power law with

n
=

4.40

−
0.04

+
0.05

and

q
=

0.918

−
0.014

+
0.016

and comparably well fit by an Einasto profile with

n
=

9.53

−
0.28

+
0.27

, an effective radius r
eff = 1.07 ± 0.10 kpc, and a halo flattening of q = 0.923 ± 0.007. If we allow for a radius-dependent flattening q(R
gc), we find evidence for a distinct flattening of q ∼ 0.8 of the inner halo at ∼25 kpc. Additionally, we find that the south Galactic hemisphere is more flattened than the north Galactic hemisphere. The results of our work are largely consistent with many earlier results (e.g., Watkins et al.; Iorio et al.). We find that the stellar halo, as traced in RR Lyrae stars, exhibits a substantial number of further significant over- and underdensities, even after masking all known overdensities.
Disk-like Chemistry of the Triangulum-Andromeda Overdensity as Seen by APOGEE
Authors: Hayes Christian R. , Majewski Steven R. , Hasselquist Sten , Beaton Rachael L. , Cunha Katia , Smith Verne V. , Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Anguiano Borja , Beers Timothy C. , Carrera Ricardo , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Frinchaboy Peter M. , García-Hernández D. A. , Lane Richard R. , Nidever David L. , Nitschelm Christian , Roman-Lopes Alexandre , Zamora Olga
Published: May 2018

The nature of the Triangulum-Andromeda (TriAnd) system has been debated since the discovery of this distant, low-latitude Milky Way (MW) overdensity more than a decade ago. Explanations for its origin are either as a halo substructure from the disruption of a dwarf galaxy, or a distant extension of the Galactic disk. We test these hypotheses using the chemical abundances of a dozen TriAnd members from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV’s (SDSS-IV’s) 14th Data Release (DR14) of Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) data to compare to APOGEE abundances of stars with similar metallicity from both the Sagittarius (Sgr) dSph and the outer MW disk. We find that TriAnd stars are chemically distinct from Sgr across a variety of elements, (C+N), Mg, K, Ca, Mn, and Ni, with a separation in [X/Fe] of about 0.1 to 0.4 dex depending on the element. Instead, the TriAnd stars, with a median metallicity of about −0.8, exhibit chemical abundance ratios similar to those of the lowest metallicity ([Fe/H] ∼ −0.7) stars in the outer Galactic disk, and are consistent with expectations of extrapolated chemical gradients in the outer disk of the MW. These results suggest that TriAnd is associated with the MW disk, and, therefore, that the disk extends to this overdensity—i.e., past a Galactocentric radius of 24 kpc—albeit vertically perturbed about 7 kpc below the nominal disk midplane in this region of the Galaxy.
Phylogeny Based Biodiversity Data Queries
Authors: Chamberlain Scott
Published: May 2018

There is a large amount of publicly available biodiversity data from many different data sources. When doing research, one ideally interacts with biodiversity data programmatically so their work is reproducible. The entry point to biodiversity data records is largely through taxonomic names, or common names in some cases (e.g., birds). However, many researchers have a phylogeny focused project, meaning taxonomic names are not the ideal interface to biodiversity data. Ideally, it would be simple to programmatically go from a phylogeny to biodiversity records through a phylogeny based query.

I'll discuss a new project `phylodiv` (https://github.com/ropensci/phylodiv/) that attempts to facilitate phylogeny based biodiversity data collection (see Fig. 1). The project takes the form of an R software package. The idea is to make the user interface take essentially two inputs: a phylogeny and a phylogeny based question. Behind the scenes we'll do many things, including gathering taxonomic names and hierarchies for the taxa in the phylogeny, send queries to GBIF (or other data sources), and map the results. The user will of course have control over the behind the scenes parts, but I imagine the majority use case will be to input a phylogeny and a question and expect an answer back.

We already have R tools to do nearly all parts of the work-flow shown above: there's a large number of phylogeny tools, `taxize`/`taxizedb` can handle taxonomic name collection, while `rgbif` can handle interaction with GBIF, and there's many mapping options in R. There are a few areas that need work still however.

First, there's not yet a clear way to do a phylogeny based query. Ideally a user will be able to express a simple query like "taxon A vs. its sister group". That's simple to imagine, but to implement that in software is another thing.

Second, users ideally would like answers back - in this case a map of occurrences - relatively quickly to be able to iterate on their research work-flow. The most likely solution to this will be to use GBIF's map tile service to visualize binned occurrence data, but we'll need to explore this in detail to make sure it works.
Parasitism in Eukaryota - Reconstruction of Ancestral and Unavailable Extant States
Authors: Buntrock Lydia , Renard Bernhard , Heitlinger Emanuel
Published: May 2018

Parasitism can be defined as an interaction between species in which one of the interaction partners, the parasite, lives in or on the other, the host. The parasite draws food from its host and harms it in the process. According to some estimates, over 40% of all eukaryotes are parasites. Nevertheless, it is difficult to obtain information about a particular taxon is a parasite computationally making it difficult to query large sets of taxa.

Here we test to what extend it is possible to use the Open Tree of Life (OTL), a synthesis of phylogenetic trees on a backbone taxonomy (resulting in unresolved nodes), to expand available information via phylogenetic trait prediction. We use the Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI) database to categorise 25,992 and 34,879 species as parasites and free-living, respectively, and predict states for over ~2.3 million (97.34%) leaf nodes without state information.

We estimate the accuracy of our maximum parsimony based predictions using cross-validation and simulation at roughly 60-80% overall, but strongly varying between clades. The cross-validation resulted in an accuracy of 98.17% which is explained by the fact that the data are not uniformly distributed. We describe this variation across taxa as associated with available state and topology information. We compare our results with several smaller scale studies, which used manual expert curation and conclude that computationally inferred state changes largely agree in number and placement with those. In clades in which available state information is biased (mostly towards parasites, e.g. in Nematodes) phylogenetic prediction is bound to provide results contradicting conventional wisdom.

This represents, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive computational reconstruction of the emergence of parasitism in eukaryotes. We argue that such an approach is necessary to allow further incorporation of parasitism as an important trait in species interaction databases and in individual studies on eukaryotes, e.g. in the microbiome.
Identifiers as Mechanisms for Linking Archaeological Data across Repositories
Authors: Brenskelle Laura , LeFebvre Michelle , Guralnick Rob , Emery Kitty , Wieczorek John , Kansa Sarah , Kansa Eric
Published: May 2018

Zooarchaeological specimens are the remains of animals, including vertebrate and invertebrate taxa, recovered from, or in association with, archaeological contexts of deposition or surrounding landscapes. The physical scope of zooarchaeological specimens is diverse and includes macro- and micro-zooarchaeological specimens composed of archaeologically preserved bone, shell, exoskeletons, teeth, hair or fur, scales, horns or antlers, as well as geochemical (e.g., isotopes) and biochemical (e.g., ancient DNA) signatures derived from faunal remains. Artifacts and objects created from animal remains, such as bone pins, shell beads, preserved animal hides, are also zooarchaeological specimens. Here we present recent work to utilize identifiers for archaeological samples in new data publishing routines, focusing on key challenges. One critical challenge is that archaeological samples are often composited into different units depending on managers of collections and analysts. Thus, in some cases, when migrating datasets for publication, identifiers can refer to different sets of units, even within the same dataset. Another key challenge is assuring that different repositories can share sample identifiers. We show how Open Context, a site-based archaeology-focused repository that also manages objects such as zooarchaeological material, and VertNet, a specimen-oriented biodiversity repository, have collaborated to share sample identifiers.

While this illustrates a success story of linking data across repositories, we discuss the complexity of how “occurrence identifiers,” but not true sample identifiers, in VertNet are propagated to another system where the identifiers point to a similar record called “Animal Bone” in Open Context.
Options to streamline and enrich biodiversity data aggregation
Authors: Hobern Donald , Hahn Andrea , Robertson Tim
Published: May 2018

The success of Darwin Core and ABCD Schema as flexible standards for sharing specimen data and species occurrence records has enabled GBIF to aggregate around one billion data records. At the same time, other thematic, national or regional aggregators have developed a wide range of other data indexes and portals, many of which enrich the data by interpreting and normalising elements not currently handled by GBIF or by linking other data from geospatial layers, trait databases, etc. Unfortunately, although each of these aggregators has specific strengths and supports particular audiences, this diversification produces many weaknesses and deficiencies for data publishers and for data users, including: incomplete and inconsistent inclusion of relevant datasets; proliferation of record identifiers; inconsistent and bespoke workflows to interpret and standardise data; absence of any shared basis for linked open data and annotations; divergent data formats and APIs; lack of clarity around provenance and impact; etc.

The time is ripe for the global community to review these processes. From a technical standpoint, it would be feasible to develop a shared, integrated pipeline which harvested, validated and normalised all relevant biodiversity data records on behalf of all stakeholders. Such a system could build on TDWG expertise to standardise data checks and all stages in data transformation. It could incorporate a modular structure that allowed thematic, national or regional networks to generate additional data elements appropriate to the needs of their users, but for all of these elements to remain part of a single record with a single identifier, facilitating a much more rigorous approach to linked open data. Most of the other issues we currently face around fitness-for-use, predictability and repeatability, transparency and provenance could be supported much more readily under such a model.

The key challenges that would need to be overcome would be around social factors, particularly to deliver a flexible and appropriate governance model and to allow research networks, national agencies, etc. to embed modular components within a shared workflow. Given the urgent need to improve data management to support Essential Biodiversity Variables and to deliver an effective global virtual natural history collection, we should review these challenges and seek to establish a data management and aggregation architecture that will support us for the coming decades.
Four new endemic genera of Rubiaceae (Pavetteae) from Madagascar represent multiple radiations into drylands
Authors: De Block Petra , Rakotonasolo Franck , Ntore Salvator , G. Razafimandimbison Sylvain , Janssens Steven
Published: May 2018

The taxonomic positions and phylogenetic relationships of six Pavetteae species endemic to Madagascar were tested with a phylogenetic study of the Afro-Madagascan representatives of the tribe Pavetteae based on sequence data from six markersrps16,trnT-F,petD,accD-psa1,PIand ITS. The six species were resolved into four well-supported and morphologically distinct clades which we here formally recognise at generic level. The new genera are the monospecificExallospermaandPseudocoptosperma, each with a single species, andHelictospermaandTulearia, each with two species. Each genus is characterised by one or more autapomorphies or by a unique combination of plesiomorphic characters. Mostly, the distinguishing characters are found in fruit and seed;Exallospermadiffers from all other Pavetteae genera by the fruit consisting of two stony pyrenes, each with a single laterally flattened seed with irregularly distributed ridges on the surface;Helictospermais unique by its single spherical seed rolled-in on itself in the shape of a giant pill-millipede.Pseudocoptospermais characterised by the combination of three ovules pendulous from a small placenta and triangular stipules with a strongly developed awn, whereasTuleariais characterised by robust sericeous flowers, small leaves, uni- or pauciflorous inflorescences and fruits with two pyrenes, each with a single ruminate seed.

The four new genera show marked adaptations to the dry habitats in which they grow. They represent multiple radiations into drylands and highlight the importance of the dry forest and scrub vegetation in western, southern and northern Madagascar for plant biodiversity. The description of the four new genera shows that the tribe Pavetteae exhibits the same pattern as many plant groups in Madagascar, which are characterised by a high proportion of endemic genera comprising a single or a few species.

In the four new genera, five new species are described and one new combination is made:ExallospermalongifloraDe Block;Helictospermamalacophylla(Drake) De Block,HelictospermapoissonianaDe Block,PseudocoptospermamenabenseCapuron ex De Block;TuleariacapsaintemariensisDe Block andTuleariasplendidaDe Block.
Additional type and other notable specimens of Mollusca from the Montagu Collection in the Royal Albert Memorial Museum & Art Gallery, Exeter
Authors: Oliver P. Graham , Morgenroth Holly
Published: May 2018

This paper completes the review of the Col. George Montagu collection of shells in the Royal Albert Memorial Museum & Art Gallery, Exeter. A further twenty-one lots of type material were discovered bringing the total number of type lots to ninety-four. A number of other taxa that are of historic and potential nomenclatural significance are discussed. Specimens that relate to taxa of authors other than Montagu were isolated and consideration was given to the many non-British taxa that Montagu included in his works. To complete the study a list of all species represented in this collection is given.
Basic learning of form
Authors: Mària Serrano Magda , Musquera Felip Sílvia , Beriain Sanzol Luis
Published: May 2018

“Form is’ what’, Design is ‘how’” (Kahn, 1960). Learning about the formal universe and the wide range of possibilities it offers should be one of the purposes of the early subjects in architectural studies. This article aims to explain the contents of a first course of architectural design and demonstrate how, using a methodology based on precise theoretical-practical tools and an active pedagogical dynamic, results are obtained that, on average, are very satisfactory. It shows that in twelve weeks’ time, students have acquired the tools they need to approach any design problem from its form.
The JIDA conference: Teaching practice as research
Authors: Bardí-Milà Berta , García-Escudero Daniel
Published: May 2018

The Workshop on Educational Innovation in Architecture (JIDA) promotes reflection and debate among the faculty of the different schools of architecture. The communications presented in the five editions held so far (2013-2017) can be considered a “living archive” of the teaching practices of more than thirty Spanish and twenty foreign universities. This material is extremely helpful for improving the education of architects and to lay the foundations for research into the instructional scenario in this discipline. With this purpose in mind, work is being done on a constellation of terms related to pedagogical practices, which is intended to conceptualize the diversity of strategies and methodologies presented these years at the conference. This sample of teaching experiences is a base upon which to consider the current situation of schools of architecture and to ask ourselves: what will training be like for architects 20 years from now?
Climate change dominates recent sedimentation and organic carbon burial in Lake Chenghai, southwest China
Authors: Sun Weiwei , Jiang Qingfeng , Liu Enfeng , Chang Jie , Zhang Enlou
Published: May 2018

Lacustrine ecosystems are directly influenced by terrestrial soil erosion, and excessive sediment loading constitutes a significant and widespread environmental issue. In order to investigate the response of catchment soil erosion and organic carbon burial to climate change and human activity, a sediment core spanning the last 160 years was retrieved from Lake Chenghai in southwest China. Multi-proxy analysis including grain-size composition and geochemical indicators were undertaken in this study. The result of grain-size vs standard deviation method shows that the sensitive component with a modal size of 13.2 μm is related to fluvial processes and sensitive to the catchment soil erosion. The increasing intensity of soil erosion was mainly determined by the weakening of Indian summer monsoon and global warming, as well as intensive human activities during the middle of 20th century, which resulted in decreasing vegetation cover in Lake Chenghai catchment. The organic carbon burial rate was also attributed to the catchment disturbance, indicating that increased catchment soil erosion may impact the terrestrial carbon recycling.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of good nutrition among women of childbearing age in Somolu Local Government, Lagos State
Authors: Fasola Ooreoluwa , Abosede Olayinka , Fasola Foluke A.
Published: May 2018

Women of child-bearing age (especially pregnant and lactating women) are in the most nutritionally-vulnerable stages of the life cycle. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of good nutrition among women of childbearing age in Somolu Local Government (LG), Lagos state. This study was a crosssectional descriptive survey of 244 women of childbearing age (15-49 years). Excellent knowledge and good attitude towards good nutrition was observed among 61.89% and 86.89% respectively. During pregnancy, greater than 80% took folic acid, iron supplements and increased daily consumption of fruits and vegetables while 43.59% avoided eggs, fish, meat and chocolate beverage because of taboos. Seven days prior to interview, over 90% had consumed fast foods, 56.15% and 50.01% of the respondents ate fruits and vegetables every day to ≥4 times in a day respectively. A majority of the respondents knew and had a good attitude towards good nutrition supporting studies from Kenya and Northern Nigeria. This, however, did not translate to good practice for about half of the respondents.
Tuberculosis among individuals with community-acquired pneumonia presenting to emergency in Gaborone, Botswana
Authors: Gersh Jill K. , Feldman Zachary , Greenberger Emily , Chandra Amit , Friedman Harvey M. , Lere Thomas , Ho-Foster Ari , Haas Michelle
Published: May 2018

Delays in diagnosing Tuberculosis (TB) are associated with increased transmission. TB may present as a clinical syndrome that mimics community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The aim of this paper was to determine frequency of TB among patients with CAP at a referral hospital in Gaborone, Botswana. We performed a retrospective study of adults presenting with CAP from April 2010-October 2011 to the Emergency Department (ED); we matched this cohort to the National Botswana Tuberculosis Registry (NBTR) to identify individuals subsequently diagnosed with TB. We assessed demographics, time to TB diagnosis, clinical outcomes and performed logistic regressions to identify factors associated with TB diagnosis. We identified 1305 individuals presenting with CAP; TB was subsequently diagnosed in 68 (5.2%). The median time to TB diagnosis was 9.5 days. Forty percent were AFB sputum smear positive and 87% were identified as being HIV-positive. Subsequent diagnosis of TB is common among individuals with CAP at our ED, suggesting that TB may be present at the time of CAP presentation. Given the lack of distinguishing clinical factors between pulmonary TB and CAP, adults presenting with CAP should be evaluated for active TB in Botswana.
Dispute Settlement in the Area of Space Communication
Authors: Hofmann Prof. Dr Mahulena
Published: May 2018

Which dispute settlement mechanisms are available in the area of space communication? Their choice is clearly determined by the legal character of those who are parties in the dispute – States, international intergovernmental organisations, private entities or even individuals. In this study the analysis of various dispute settlement mechanisms demonstrates that not all existing mechanisms are equally capable of serving this purpose. It appears that the parties to a dispute often prefer to search for a consensus and an arbitration procedure prior to taking part in international adjudication. The cases where formalised international courts are involved in this area have been relatively rare. Space communication disputes may often be similar to investment disputes; the decisive factors of this similarity are the high costs of investment, its international character, the necessity to maintain working relationships with the opposing party of the dispute after the conclusion of the dispute, the difficult technical background to the cases, little trust in court procedures, low indemnification and the fear of non-implementation of court decisions. As a consequence, it can be expected that mediation, negotiation and arbitration, but also alternative dispute settlement mechanisms will remain the main mechanisms of dispute settlement in the area of space communication in the near future.
The Freedom of Peaceful Assembly in Europe
Authors: Peters Prof. Dr. Anne , Ley Dr. Isabelle
Published: May 2018

This volume presents an accessible overview of the current state of the legislation on the freedom of assembly in eleven selected member states of the Venice Commission: the UK, France, the US, Belgium, Germany, Turkey, the Russian Federation, the Ukraine, Poland, Hungary and Tunisia. The volume may serve as a work of reference for the researcher or practitioner who seeks specific information on the legal bases, restrictions, or implementation of the freedom of assembly in a specific country or on more recent themes such as the legal implications of flashmobs. It is also a helpful starting point for anyone interested in comparing the state of assembly legislation in Europe and beyond. Next to information on details of the domestic regulation of assemblies, each study contains information on recent events, changes and debates on the laws on assemblies. Examples are the handling of the Arab spring in Tunisia, freedom of assembly-implications and management of the Gezi Park protests in Turkey, or the constitutional upheavals in the Ukraine.
Fatores de risco para retinopatia da prematuridade: revisão integrativa
Authors: Souza Francisco Alysson Costa , Araújo Jéssica Naiara de Medeiros , Soares Raffaela Patricia da Silva , Santos Marina Marisa Palhano dos , Ferreira Júnior Marcos Antonio , Vitor Allyne Fortes
Published: May 2018

Sumarizar os fatores de risco para a retinopatia da prematuridade em recém-nascidos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal a partir de estudos primários publicados em bases de dados. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas seguintes bases: SCOPUS, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science e CINAHL. A amostra final foi constituída por 26 artigos. Elencou-se categorias temáticas com os fatores de risco da retinopatia da prematuridade, a saber: fatores relacionados à terapêutica clínica, ao uso de medicamentos, comorbidades relacionadas à retinopatia da prematuridade, características neonatais, características clínicas associadas à retinopatia da prematuridadee fatores maternos. Conhecer os fatores de risco implica na detecção precoce da retinopatia mediante adoção de medidas preventivas como monitoramento da oxigenoterapia, ventilação mecânica e transfusões sanguíneas, além da avaliação das características neonatais, de maneira a permitir uma triagem oftalmológica que impeça o desenvolvimento da doença,suas sequelas e/ou viabilize tratamento na fase inicial da doença.
Sonhos que migram: atrizes e atores brasileiros em Nova York
Authors: Machado Bernardo Fonseca , Schwarcz Lilia Moritz
Published: May 2018

Neste artigo trabalhamos com as narrativas de jovens de classe média brasileira que viajaram para Nova York, nos Estados Unidos, ao longo da segunda década do século XXI, com a intenção de se especializarem como artistas. Movidas/os por expectativas de imersão no mercado de entretenimento estadunidense, migraram com o sonho de tentar uma carreira no exterior. Estamos particularmente interessados em analisar a forma como esses sujeitos lidaram com o hiato entre as expectativas iniciais e as condições materiais experimentadas. Entre o plano de estrelato e sua realização, enfrentam um mercado competitivo, entraves burocráticos e a instantânea “racialização” de seus corpos – especialmente no caso das mulheres. Elegemos a noção de “quebra de expectativas” – suas consequências e efeitos – como objeto de análise, e procuramos inspiração no que se convencionou chamar de pesquisas “multissituadas”, atentos que estamos como alegorias e sonhos que transitam entre cidades.
Homossexualidade, religião e direitos: a controvérsia sobre o Estatuto da Família no Brasil
Authors: Nagamine Renata Reverendo Vidal Kawano , Barbosa Olívia Alves
Published: May 2018

Neste artigo, propomos analisar as estratégias discursivas e escolhas normativas de deputados federais formal ou ideacionalmente ligados às assim chamadas ‘igrejas tradicionais’ no debate público acerca do projeto de lei nº 6.583, de 2013, conhecido como Estatuto da Família. Observamos que as disputas entre essas forças e atores políticos seculares têm encontrado um terreno fértil na Câmara dos Deputados. Pressupomos que as diferenças, as potencialidades e o debate acerca do Estatuto da Família permitem refletir sobre o lugar dos direitos e da religiãono espaço público brasileiro. Recorre-se a uma literaturaantropológica sobre religião para compreender o estatuto doreligioso no espaço público brasileiro e, para analisar as falascoletadas, também são usados escritos recentes de Nadia Urbinati sobre o tema, a qual o discute desde o domínio da teoria política. Trata-se de um artigo resultante de pesquisa qualitativa, que empregou como técnicas para coleta de dados a pesquisa documental e a revisão bibliográfica.
Pesquisando migrantes forçados e refugiados: reflexões sobre desafios metodológicos no campo de estudos
Authors: Moreira Julia Bertino
Published: May 2018

O artigo tem como objetivo primordial discutir os desafiosmetodológicos envolvidos na realização de pesquisas commigrantes forçados, incluindo refugiados, a partir de umarevisão da literatura desta área de estudos. Para tanto, inicia-secom um debate sobre a construção de categorias em tornode migrantes, como estas são definidas conceitualmente,interpretadas e mobilizadas jurídica e politicamente por atoresdiversos. Em seguida, faz-se um breve panorama histórico arespeito da constituição do campo de estudos das migraçõesforçadas e dos refugiados, lançando luz sobre perspectivasatuais em relação ao alargamento das categorias de migrantesconsideradas no âmbito das pesquisas. Por fim, adentra-se nodebate metodológico propriamente dito, vertendo-se paratécnicas e métodos de pesquisa empregados na área e, ao final,explorando a polarização entre as abordagens quantitativaversus qualitativa, assim como limites e possibilidades postas porcada uma delas. Espera-se, com o texto, avançar nas reflexõessobre pesquisas relativas às migrações forçadas nas seguintesdimensões: teórica-conceitual, metodológica e epistemológica.
Performance Management KPP Pratama Jakarta Tamansari Dua Based on Balanced Scorecard (BSC)
Authors: Aldrianto Hendi , Efendy Hady
Published: May 2018

This research is conducted based on the success of achieving goals in companies that require effective management system, efficient and have the competitiveness in managing human resources owned. Through a good performance management system, the company can manage the performance of human resources owned so that it can work optimally and can achieve company goals. The effort of tax office (KPP) Pratama Jakarta Tamansari Dua in order to create effective and efficient performance management, which has competitiveness so that it can support productivity through applying a balanced scorecard (BSC) based performance management system. The purpose of this research is to explain the implementation of performance management system based on balanced scorecard in KPP Pratama Jakarta, and to analyze and explain the supporting factors and inhibiting the implementation of performance management system based on balanced scorecard in KPP Pratama Jakarta Tamansari Dua. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of performance management system based on balanced scorecard in KPP Pratama Jakarta Tamansari Dua included in the management pattern of Human Resource Management Based Balanced Scorecard (HRMBSC).
Reference Time of Concentration Estimation for Ungauged Catchments
Authors: Perdikaris John , Gharabaghi Bahram , Rudra Ramesh
Published: May 2018

Accurate modelling of flood flow hydrographs in ungauged catchments is a challenging task due to large errors in the estimation of its response time using existing empirical equations. The time of concentration (Tc) is a key catchment response time parameter needed for forecasting of the peak discharge rate and the timing of the flood event. At least eight different definitions have been presented in the literature for the time of concentration. In this study, a new definition of “Reference Tc” is presented along with a practical procedure for its estimation using readily available basin catchment characteristic parameters with the aim of standardizing this key parameter for practitioners. Nine different empirical models were calibrated and tested on nine catchments of the Credit River watershed, Ontario, Canada to determine which method would provide the most accurate prediction of the Reference Tc. The NRCS velocity method (1986) proved once again to be the most reliable and an accurate method. This study shows that the main reason for the higher accuracy of the NRCS velocity method predictions compared to the empirical equations is attributed to the inclusion of the Manning's roughness coefficient.
Het verontschuldigingsritueel en herstelrecht
Authors: Vanfraechem Inge , Bolívar Daniela , Aertsen Ivo
Published: May 2018

The apology ritual and restorative justice. The victim perspective

Empirical research on restorative justice shows that offenders can apologise to victims. Because of the ritual component of restorative justice and the possible influence on the justice system, certain questions arise: how do victims perceive these apologies? Is it important for victims that these apologies are sincere? The aim of the article is to discuss these questions through three topics, namely the physical aspect of the ritual, the symbolic meaning for victims and the relation between the offender’s apologies and the victim’s reaction.
Jonge daders: worstelen met sorry-zeggen
Authors: van Stokkom Bas
Published: May 2018

Young offenders struggling to say sorry. Is a sincere expression of remorse achievable?

The apologies offered by young offenders in restorative justice conferences are often of poor quality. In this article the difficulties that accompany the offering of excuses are discussed. Offenders sometimes lack the language skills to pronounce an adequate apology, are anxious or insecure or believe that they have not been treated fairly. The mediation setting itself also has effects: sometimes perpetrators feel intimidated and feel compelled to say something that resembles an excuse. A related problem is that the perceptions about the sincerity of the apology can vary considerably. This perception-mismatch also occurs among victims: what one victim considers sincere is ‘fake’ for another. Many people

– also advocates of restorative justice – trust that the offender will offer a sincere apology, without realizing that this is not self-evident in a thorny confrontation setting. This article aims to temper this sincerity-expectation.
Some results on uniqueness of entire functions concerning difference polynominals
Authors: Sahoo Pulak , Biswas Gurudas
Published: May 2018

In the paper we use the notion of weakly weighted sharing and relaxed weighted sharing to investigate the uniqueness problems when two difference products of entire functions share a small function. The results of the paper improve and extend some recent results due to the present first author [Commu. Math. Stat., 3 (2015), 227-238].
Relationships in the family of origin and communication in marriage
Authors: Ochojska Danuta , Marmola Małgorzata , Wańczyk-Welc Anna
Published: May 2018

The functioning of the family, interactions between spouses are determined by various factors. Young people bring in to their new family their own experience from the family of origin, the specific characteristics of the personality, and the skills acquired as a result of environmental influences and of their own activity . Each family system is unique because of individual features of individual family members and their mutual influence on each other and the system of the various elements and phenomena affecting the family. The family can be described for the different aspects of its activity, including cohesion, adaptability, identity of family and interpersonal communication.
The subject of our research was to determine to what extent the family of origin influences the interactions and the way of communication between spouses. The analysis confirmed the special importance of cohesion in the family of origin for the development of good relations between spouses. It was also found more of the relationships between the specifics of family of origin and the level of commitment and support of women by men.
Uma Linha de Produto de Software para Desenvolvimento de Jogos Educativos
Authors: Filho Carlos Alberto Correia Lessa , Domínguez Arturo Hernández
Published: May 2018

Studies have revealed that about 90% of development of game fail to be completed due to factors such as time, cost or lack of specific knowledge. These difficulties are present in game companies, as well as by independent game developers. On the other hand, the games have proved to be a strong ally in teaching to motivate students to study. Faced with these two informations, obtained through research, this article aims to propose a Software Product Line for the development of educational games in order to facilitate the development of educational games. The analysis involved the development of four games in order to assess the feasibility, code complexity, quality, effort, techniques and tools used. Based on the results, one can realize advantages such as reduction in development time, Cyclomatic Complexity and development direction when using a Software Product Line in the development of educational games.
A robótica na escola como postura pedagógica interdisciplinar: o futuro chegou para a Educação Básica?
Authors: Peralta Deise Aparecida , Guimarães Eduardo Cortez
Published: May 2018

This article refers to research guided by the proposition of educational robotics as pedagogical interdisciplinary practical alternative constituent to traditional teaching curricula. Admitting that educational robotics has the potential to make the student producers and not just consumers of digital technology, and the teacher protagonist in the processes of (re) of the practice building, the goal is to evaluate the possibility of robotics in school to present, no as another strategic action instrument, but as an opportunity to interact with technology in a list of construction and reconstruction practices. The research included a literature and also with a field survey obtained through experience at school and reports of teachers. The data obtained allow us to state that robotics in school can be accepted as an interdisciplinary practice.
Special Wrestling Fitness Test: una prueba específica de lucha olímpica aplicada a luchadores jóvenes
Authors: Martínez-Abellán A. , Rabadán Iniesta J. de C.
Published: May 2018

El objetivo de este estudio fue llevar a cabo un test específico de lucha olímpica para evaluar la condición física de los deportistas y compararlas con test de rendimiento físico en laboratorio. Para ello se realizó una adaptación de Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT), desarrollando un nuevo ejercicio especifico de lucha olímpica denominado Special Wrestling Fitness Test (SWFT). Para diagnosticar la capacidad anaeróbica de los sujetos utilizamos la prueba de Wingate de 30” de tren inferior, mientras que la capacidad aeróbica se evalúo con el Yo-Yo test. Por último se realizó la prueba de SWFT con el propósito de evaluar la capacidad física de los luchadores. Este estudio se llevo a cabo con 62 deportistas del equipo nacional español de lucha olímpica en las categorías inferiores de junior y cadete.

            La lucha olímpica tiene presenta elevados requerimientos de resistencia anaeróbica, registrándose valores de potencia media para esta muestra de 510,1 ± 134,2 W y llegando a valores máximos de 705,8 ± 166,9 W. Durante la prueba aeróbica recorrieron una distancia media de 911,6 ± 355,7 m y alcanzando un VO2máx estimado de 44,0 ± 2,9 ml/kg/min. En el caso de la prueba específica de lucha olímpica, relacionada tanto con parámetros de capacidad anaeróbica como con capacidad aeróbica, los deportistas consiguieron un índice SWFT de 16,37 ± 1,31. Se registraron igualmente elevados niveles de correlación entre los resultados del test específico SWFT y el rendimiento anaeróbico (r = -0,396; p = <0,01) y aeróbico (r = 0,470; p = <0,01). Estos resultados indican que  este nuevo test podría ser utilizado para medir de forma más específica y válida la capacidad física de los luchadores, evitando tener que recurrir a pruebas de laboratorio cuyos gestos y demandas energéticas se alejan de la especificidad de la lucha olímpica.
Adaptación de los métodos de entrenamiento a las particularidades de la natación
Authors: Morán-Navarro R.
Published: May 2018

La natación tiene unas circunstancias especiales a la hora de entrenar y monitorizar la actividad física que se lleva a cabo. Esto ha hecho que a lo largo del tiempo hayan surgido investigaciones y recursos que nos permitan controlar el proceso de entrenamiento de manera efectiva con alternativas a las variables clásicas. Además, el comportamiento fisiológico en el medio acuático varía respecto al ejercicio físico fuera de él, lo que también hace que sean necesarias algunas adaptaciones metodológicas. Actualmente la natación es un deporte creciente por su gran importancia dentro del triatlón, y las nuevas tecnologías también han logrado ofrecernos nuevas vías para el entendimiento y control del proceso formativo y de entrenamiento. El correcto manejo de las variables que determinan la carga de entrenamiento es la clave para conseguir las adaptaciones que nos aporten una mejora o nos ayude a contrarrestar los factores limitantes del rendimiento. Este trabajo muestra las principales modificaciones que requiere la programación del volumen, intensidad y densidad del entrenamiento en el medio acuático 
Microplastics in the environment: Much ado about nothing? A debate
Authors: Backhaus Thomas , Wagner Martin
Published: May 2018

This manuscript documents a debate between the two authors on the issue of microplastics in the environment. It was sparked by a recent viewpoint article published by G. A. Burton in Environmental Science and Technology (http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b05463) and started as a Twitter debate. To expand, we decided to continue our conversation publishing 1000-word texts on PeerJ and responding to each other in roughly two-week intervals.

Currently, the text contains the following:

1) An introduction, which sets the scene for the article

2) Martin's kick-off statement “Soul-searching on microplastics: Lost in translation, prioritization and communication?”, dated Feb. 27, 2018

3) Thomas' opening statement “A genuine research topic, but let’s avoid hyperboles”, dated March 18, 2018

4) Martin’s rebuttal “Moving forward: What are the risks of microplastics?”, dated April 18, 2018

5) Thomas’ rebuttal “We need to do a classical risk assessment, but we can’t stop there”, dated May 18, 2018

Thomas and Martin are currently working in parallel on their final statements.
Letter to the Editor of "Food and Chemical Toxicology" regarding the paper "Refined assessment and perspectives on the cumulative risk resulting from the dietary exposure to pesticide residues in the Danish population" by Larsson et al.
Authors: Backhaus Thomas , Gustavsson Mikael , Kortenkamp Andreas , Rudén Christina , Scheringer Martin , Wendt-Rasch Lina , Ågerstrand Marlene , Öberg Mattias
Published: May 2018

Larsson and coworkers recently presented a study in Food and Chemical Toxicology on the cumulative risks to the Danish population from dietary exposure to pesticide residues. They base their analysis on food monitoring data, spray journals, controlled field trials and food consumption data in the Danish population. A cumulative hazard-index (HI) approach is then used to estimate the overall risk from pesticide exposure, an approach well established in the literature. Based on an HI of 13-44%, the authors conclude that adverse health effects due to pesticide residues are “very unlikely” and equivalent to “1 glass of wine every seventh year”. Unfortunately, the paper fails to put the limitations of the underlying data and the applied methodology in context and it misinterprets the use of Assessment Factors in chemical safety assessment. The comparison of population-wide life-long involuntary exposure to pesticides with individual, time-limited, voluntary alcohol consumption is misleading, in particular in view that children are identified as the most vulnerable sub-population.