bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Основная полоса расселения как элемент макрозонированиятерритории России: Проблемы обоснования и институализации
Authors: Григорьев Владимир
Published: March 2024

Анализ материалов Генеральных схем расселения на территории СССР и Российской Федерации и других актуальных вариантов макрозонирования территории страны показал неразработанность понятия Основная полоса расселения в отечественной теории градостроительства. Положение границ Основной полосы существенно различается в различных её вариантах. В статье выделена зона неопределённости, расположенная между макрозонами Север и Юг. Показана актуальность концептуализации и институализации Основной полосы расселения как одного из важнейших элементов макрозонирования территории страны.
Биоклиматическая комфортность и условия градостроительного развития, благоустройства и озеленения
Authors: Беляева Елена
Published: March 2024

Рассмотрены условия пространственного развития, благоустройства и озеленения в системе градостроительной деятельности во взаимосвязи с региональными природно-климатическими условиями территории и их комплексной оценкой в форме биоклиматической комфортности территорий. В последние годы появились публикации, использующие фундаментальное понятие «биоклиматической комфортности», но фактически за этим скрываются ограниченный перечень учитываемых факторов или весьма локальный масштаб изучаемых объектов. Исследования, как правило, не подтверждены эмпирически, недостаточно увязаны с медико-географическими, ландшафтными, градостроительными, экологическими и иными факторами, влияющими на качество жизни населения. Показано, что данная проблематика должна вновь стать междисциплинарной, ориентированной на современные задачи градостроительства. Примером комплексного подхода к оценке биоклиматической комфортности климата и условий адаптации населения при планировании расселения может быть серия карт М 1:8000000 и 1:15000000, выполненных Б.Б. Прохоровым и Е.В. Андреевой в 1993 году для «Градостроительного атласа России»1. В своё время упомянутые карты атласа не были опубликованы, но полученные результаты имеют фундаментальное значение и весьма актуальны сегодня, особенно в связи с государственными программами освоения Арктики. В статье приводятся материалы легенды упомянутых карт касающиеся оценки биоклиматической комфортности территорий Сибири и Дальнего Востока. Выполнен авторский анализ биоклиматических условий территорий муниципальных образований, входящих в действующие границы Арктической зоны, с точки зрения требований и рекомендаций для градостроительства, благоустройства и озеленения, приводятся примеры, свидетельствующие о значительной изменчивости биоклиматической комфортности и её восприятия под влиянием факторов благоустройства и озеленения.
Семантический аспект формирования идентичности архитектурно-пространственной среды новых городов-столиц
Authors: Благовидова Наталья , Иванова Ольга
Published: March 2024

Во второй части статьи анализируются закономерности формирования и развития архитектурно-пространственной среды городов-столиц, возникших на этапе Новейшего времени в период научно-технической революции и ликвидации колониализма: Бразилиа, Чандигарх, Исламабад, Додома, Абуджа, а также в период глобальной цифровизации: Берлин, Астана, Путраджайя. На основе проведённого анализа впервые сформирована таблица – матрица характерных особенностей архитектурно-пространственной среды столиц на различных его уровнях.*
Устаревшие положения норм Российской Федерации,регламентирующих строительство в сейсмических районах
Authors: Курбацкий Евгений , Мондрус Владимир , Титов Евгений , Емельянова Галина , Пестрякова Екатерина
Published: March 2024

Описаны достижения мультидисциплинарной области научной и практической деятельности сейсмической инженерии (ЕЕ). Констатируется, что задание исходной информации в нормах Российской Федерации отличается от способов и методов, представленных в работах ЕЕ. Обосновывается необходимость совершенствования норм РФ, которая будет заключаться в разработке новых норм с учётом признанных достижений в области сейсмической инженерии, отказе от сейсмического районирования в баллах и представления карт сейсмического районирования в изосейсмах спектров реакций. Считаем необходимым на первом этапе разработать научно-техническое пособие «Спектры максимальных реакций для районов Российской Федерации».
Эффективность сочетания компьютерных методов моделирования строительных конструкций и принципов классического анализа
Authors: Крылов Сергей , Корнюшина Марина , Козлов Глеб , Калмакова Полина
Published: March 2024

Опыт расчётов строительных конструкций показывает, что применение моделей материалов, заложенных в про-граммных комплексах, не всегда позволяет получить правильное решение инженерной задачи. В статье приводится несколько примеров, когда наилучший результат достигается при сочетании компьютерного моделирования с принципами, лежащими в основе аналитических расчётов.
Развитие гравитонной модели притяжения тел нешаровидной формы с учетом влияния скоростей движения тел и влияния гравитонов на изменение масс тел
Authors: Карпенко Николай , Карпенко Сергей
Published: March 2024

Силы гравитационного притяжения тел играют важную роль в различных областях науки и техники, в том числе и в строительной механике и физике.

Эти силы определяются на основании закона тяготения И. Ньютона. Однако физическая природа переносчика сил притяжения в этом законе остается открытой.

В работах авторов представлена гравитонная модель, в которой указанная проблема решается на основании концепции вхождения и реактивного выброса потоков гравитонов из массы тела с последующим их рассеиванием и действием рассеянных потоков на встречные тела.

Рассмотрено развитие гравитонной модели на массы тел (условно тела), движущиеся с большими скоростями. Установлено, что скорости усиливают выброс гравитонов из массы, приводя к утяжелению тела без изменения его начальной массы. Этот эффект совпадает с эффектом Лоренца, который трактуется как эффект увеличения массы.

Исследование указанных вопросов, как, собственно, и накопленные исследования закона притяжения И. Ньютона, производилось в основном на телах шаровидной формы.

В данной статье рассмотрено притяжение тел нешаровидной формы с учётом влияния скорости движения тел. В общем виде принято, что не вся масса участвует в выбросе гравитонов, а только некоторая ее часть, которая связана с численным значением гравитационной постоянной. При этом гравитационная постоянная при больших скоростях движения тел в общем построении перестаёт быть постоянной и может увеличиваться в зависимости от скорости движения тел.

Ранее в гравитационной модели полагалось, что массы тел при их движении не изменяется. В данном построении для более общего рассмотрения включается случай, когда входящие в тела гравитоны при больших скоростях их движения могут также способствовать увеличению масс тел за счёт закачивания в них элементарных частиц, окружающих гравитоны при их вхождении в массы.

При этом выбрасываемые из тела потоки гравитонов сжимают увеличивающуюся массу, препятствуя увеличению ее размеров.

Из общих построений выделяются три модели сил притяжения при больших скоростях движения тел. Эти модели в частном случае, который прошёл экспериментальную проверку, приводят к одинаковым результатам.
Дом Советов в Махачкале: к вопросу о конкурсе на проект и постройке (1925–1930)
Authors: Казусь Игорь
Published: March 2024

Рассмотрена история проектирования и строительства Дома Советов Дагестанской АССР в Махачкале, в ходе которого в 1926 году сначала были выполнены заказные конкурсные проекты конструктивистов Л.А. Веснина и М.Я. Гинзбурга. Они не были приняты заказчиком из-за отсутствия требуемых восточных элементов. Разработанные затем проект В.В. Воейкова и совместный проект Е.Д. Ильиной и А.А. Карпова не были утверждены НТС ГУКХ. После передачи строительства акционерному русско-германскому обществу «Русгерстрой», для которого возведение правительственного здания в Махачкале стало первым опытом строительства в СССР, общество заказало проект палладианцу И.В. Жолтовскому. Констатируется, корректируя существующие точки зрения, что конкурса между проектами Гинзбурга и Жолтовского не было, поскольку эти проекты возникли на разных этапах подготовки строительства здания. Выдвигается гипотеза, что инициаторами заказа проекта Жолтовскому могли стать сотрудничавшие с «Русгерстроем» архитекторы А.К. Иванов и Д.С. Марков, которые были тесно связаны с Жолтовским в своей предыдущей деятельности. Установлено, что из окончательной строительной программы Дома Советов в целях экономии средств, но противореча творческим принципам Жолтовского и без согласования с ним, был исключён ряд крупных формообразующих фрагментов здания. После передачи здания Наркомпросу оно как Дом Советов не функционировало и во многом утратило градостроительное и общественно-политическое значение.
Архитектурные приёмы формообразования полярных научно-исследовательских объектов
Authors: Савинова Валерия
Published: March 2024

В статье описаны приёмы проектирования научно-исследовательских объектов (станций, комплексов и центров) в экстремальных условиях полярных регионов. Рассмотрено 16 научных зданий, расположенных как в Арктике, так и Антарктике. Изучены приёмы формирования элементов объемно-пространственной композиции и инженерных систем, позволяющих создавать энергоэффективные, отвечающие условиям среды и оберегающие экосистемы здания. Выявлены три принципа проектирования научно-исследовательских объектов в полярных регионах.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Pada Jual Beli Hewan Peliharaan Secara Online Di Kota Jambi
Authors: Yusuf Tri Devid Fandy , Hosen M. , Bafadhal Faizah
Published: March 2024

Online buying and selling transactions are basically the same as buying and selling in person, the difference is the media used. Internet media makes buying and selling online more effective and efficient. Buying and selling pets online is one of the choices in using transactions through the world of the internet. The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze legal protection for consumers in online pet buying and selling transactions in Jambi City and to find out and analyze what legal remedies can be taken by consumers if their rights are harmed in online pet buying and selling transactions in Jambi City. The research method used in this thesis is a type of empirical juridical research, the nature of the research in this thesis is descriptive research, the data used consists of primary data and secondary data, the data collection method used is field study and library research, the data collection tools are carried out namely the study of documents and interview guidelines, and the analysis of the data used in writing this thesis is a qualitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that consumers in buying and selling pets online in Jambi City have legal protection which is explained in the Consumer Protection Act. Consumers whose rights have been impaired can also make efforts to get their rights back through BPSK or LPKNI. Several Internet media in the form of applications have also provided complaint services on their applications so that consumers can seek their rights which have been harmed by business actors. But only certain applications.
Kedudukan Pemegang Polis dan Pekerja Dalam Hal Terjadinya Kepailitan Pada Perusahaan Asuransi
Authors: Kristiani Pasaribu Mindo , Raffles Raffles , Manik Herlina
Published: March 2024

The aims of this study are 1) to find out and analyze the legal position of policy holders and workers according to laws and regulations in Indonesia, 2) to find out and analyze the regulations regarding protection for policy holders and workers who have provided legal protection or vice versa. This research uses normative juridical research methods with statutory and conceptual approaches. Based on the research results obtained, it can be seen that the position of policy and workers holders in insurance companies that are declared bankrupt through decisions determined by the commercial court is as preferred creditors. In this case, there is a conflict regarding the fulfillment of the rights of policy holders and workers, so to resolve the problem of conflict, legal principles are needed. In this case, the principle of lex posterior derogat legi priori is used, namely that new laws and regulations override old laws and regulations. The Insurance Law is a longer statutory regulation than the Job Creation Replacement Law, so the position of workers in insurance companies that are declared bankrupt has a higher position than the position of policy holders. In terms of the order of fulfillment of rights between the policy holder and the worker, the worker must be paid first. The forms of legal protection for policy holders are regulated in the Civil Code, POJK Insurance and Marketing of Insurance Products, OJK Law, Consumer Protection Law, Bankruptcy and PKPU Law, and Insurance Law. Legal protection for workers is regulated in the Civil Code, Bankruptcy and PKPU Law, PP on Wages, Job Creation Replacement Law, and Constitutional Court Decision Number 67/PUU-XI/2013.
Persetujuan Tindakan Kedokteran Sebagai Bagian Perjanjian Terapeutik di Puskesmas Desa Sungai Jambat
Authors: Sarina Lestari Besse , Budhiartie Arrie , Alissa Evalina
Published: March 2024

The aims of this research are to find out and analyze whether (1) What are the elements of informed consent that are implemented at the Sungai Jambat Village Health Center. (2) What are the exceptions to the absence of informed consent in a therapeutic agreement at the Sungai Jambat Village Health Center. The methodology had been used was an empirical juridical legal research regarding the application or implementation of legal provisions directly to every legal event that occurs in society. The results of this research indicate that the implementation of informed consent at the Sungai Jambat Village Health Center has been legally enforced as law because it implements and fulfills the four elements of the agreement in Article 1320 of the Civil Code, agreed after receiving the information, competent because they are 21 years old. and guardianship if under age, a certain thing related with the medical action/treatment, and the object of the agreement is fulfilled, and the last requirement related with the legally reason has been eligible because the object of the agreement were the medical treatment that accordance and do not deviate from the law. Regarding the exception to the absence of informed consent, the Sungai Jambat Village Health Center stipulates the rule that in an emergency situation, as an effort to save the patient and requires immediate action, informed consent is not required and can be requested after medical action has been given.
Precautionary Principle: Perumusan Kebijakan Pengelolaan Energi Baru Terbarukan
Authors: Yustika Anindya
Published: March 2024

The transition to new renewable energy not only produces energy that is relatively more environmentally friendly, but there are other consequences on the environment. In this case, policy makers must be careful in making the right decision regarding a particular product or legal product, because the EBT transition has the potential to endanger society as a whole, but at the same time these dangers are not widely understood until there is scientific evidence. This article examines efforts in formulating new and renewable energy management policies with an emphasis on precautionary principles to realize sustainable national legal development. This research uses a doctrinal approach or also called a normative legal approach with descriptive analysis methods. This research shows that the energy transition policy offered by the government does not touch directly on the environmental dimensions that have been detrimental to society. On the other hand, Indonesia, which is new to the concept of EBT, needs to strive to gain trust from its people, which can occur if the system offered is safe. This is done with an established legal umbrella so that the precautionary principle must be the breath in making this EBT regulation.
Reinforced nanowrinkle electrospun photothermal membranes via solvent induced recrystallization
Authors: Chang Jinlin , Wang Weiling , Li Zhaoxin , Wang Yujiao , Hou Yacong , Cao Zhiyuan , Liang Zhenwei , Ma Yuan , Weng Ding , Song Jun , Yu Yadong , Chen Lei , Wang Jiadao
Published: March 2024

Wearable photothermal materials can capture light energy in nature and
convert it into heat energy, which is critical for flexible outdoor
sports. However, the conventional flexible photothermal membranes with
low specific surface area restrict the maximum photothermal capability,
and loose structure of electrospun membrane limits durability of
wearable materials. Here, an ultrathin nanostructure candle soot/
multi-walled carbon nanotubes / poly (l-lactic acid) (CS/MWCNTs/PLLA)
photothermal membrane is first prepared via solvent-induced
recrystallization. The white blood cell membrane-like nanowrinkles with
high specific surface area are achieved for the first time and exhibit
optimal light absorption. The solvent-induced recrystallization also
enables the membrane to realize large strength and durability.
Meanwhile, the membranes also show two-sided heterochromatic features
and transparency in thick and thin situations, respectively, suggesting
outstanding fashionability. Nanowrinkled photothermal membranes by novel
solvent-induced recrystallization show high flexibility, fashionability,
strength, and photothermal characteristics, which have huge potential
for outdoor warmth.
Cancer Predisposition Syndromes in Children: Who, How and When Should Genetic Studies Be Considered?
Authors: Camacho Mónica , Villa Marta , Andres Sara Álvarez de , Rivera Bárbara , Vázquez Paula , Letón Patricia , Martín Laura , Osuna-Marco Marta Pilar , López-Ibor Blanca
Published: March 2024

Early detection of cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) is crucial to
determine optimal treatments and follow-up, and to provide appropriate
genetic counseling. This study outlines an approach in a pediatric
oncology unit, where 50 randomly selected patients underwent clinical
assessment, leading to 44 eligible for genetic testing. We identified 3
pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in genes associated with CPS
and 6 Variants of Uncertain Significance (VUS) potentially associated
with cancer development. We emphasize the importance of a thorough and
accurate collection of family history and physical examination data and
the full coordination between pediatric oncologists and geneticists.
Prevalence of hypokalemia and its correlation with hematological parameters and biomarkers of inflammation in adult COVID-19 patients in southeastern Iran, 2021-2022: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rafiei Mahyar , farrokhnia mehrdad
Published: March 2024

Background Since the COVID-19 outbreak, various studies have shown that
hypokalemia is a common disorder, and it has been established that
abnormalities in inflammatory biomarkers and complete blood count test
(CBC) parameters are associated with the severity of the disease. So,
this study investigates the association between hypokalemia and
abnormalities in biomarkers of inflammation and CBC parameters, as well
as the severity of COVID-19. Methods This single-centered
cross-sectional study was conducted on 527 adult COVID-19 patients
admitted to Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, Iran, between March 2021 and
March 2022. All patients had positive PCR tests, and their data was
collected from electronic records. The relationship between hypokalemia
and laboratory results, length of hospitalization, ICU admission, and
mortality was analyzed by SPSS 27. Results A total of 527 COVID-19
patients with an average age of 53.6 years and an average duration of
hospitalization of 7.89 days were reviewed retrospectively. Most of the
patients were hospitalized in the general wards (90.5%) and recovered
(89.2%). In this study, the prevalence of hypokalemia was 12%, and
there was no significant correlation with demographic data or laboratory
findings, including ESR, CRP, LDH, lymphocyte, and platelet counts.
There was also no association between hypokalemia and length of
hospitalization, ICU admission, or mortality. Conclusion In total, it
was found that 12% of COVID-19 patients had hypokalemia, and no
significant association was found between hypokalemia and demographic
data, laboratory findings, duration of hospital stay, ICU admission, or
mortality.
Patch-Font: Enhancing Few-Shot Font Generation with Patch-Based Attention and Multitask Encoding
Authors: Choi Jaeyoung , Memon Irfanullah , Hassan Muhammad Ammar Ul
Published: March 2024

This study introduces a cutting-edge method for few-shot font
generation, capturing the complexity and subtlety of font styles with
minimal reference style images. Motivated by the time-consuming and
labor-intensive process of traditional font design, particularly for
languages with extensive glyph sets, such as Chinese or Korean, our
approach streamlines font creation by utilizing both global and local
style elements through a patch-based attention mechanism and a
multi-task encoder. This innovation not only addresses the high
production costs and manual effort associated with conventional font
design but also overcomes the limitations of prior techniques that rely
on comprehensive component definitions or multi-stage training
processes. By extracting global style codes for common font family
characteristics and local style codes from detailed patches, our model
emphasizes critical stylistic features such as serifs, stroke shapes,
and spacing. The inclusion of triplet loss and style fidelity loss
further refines the model’s accuracy, ensuring the generated fonts
faithfully replicate the desired styles. Demonstrated through
experiments on Korean and Chinese characters, our method achieves better
efficiency, quality, and fidelity, outpacing current state-of-the-art
solutions and highlighting the potential of an attention-based patch
encoding for font generation for different languages.
Transcriptional responses to priority effects in nectar yeast
Authors: Chappell Callie , Goddard Pagé , Golden Lexi-Ann , Hernandez Jonathan , Chavez Daniela Ortiz , Hossine Marziiah , Paredes Sur Herrera , Fukami Tadashi , Dhami Manpreet K.
Published: March 2024

Priority effects, where the order and timing of species arrival
influence the assembly of ecological communities, have been observed in
a variety of taxa and habitats. However, the genetic and molecular basis
of priority effects remains unclear in most cases, hindering the
mechanistic understanding of priority effects. We sought to gain such
understanding for the common nectar yeast Metschnikowia reukaufii, which
engages in strong priority effects with other species of nectar yeast,
including M. rancensis, another species commonly found in the nectar of
our study plant, the hummingbird-pollinated Diplacus (Mimulus)
aurantiacus. After inoculation into two contrasting types of synthetic
nectar simulating early arrival of M. rancensis, we conducted
whole-transcriptome sequencing of 108 genetically diverse strains of M.
reukaufii. We found that several genes were differentially expressed in
M. reukaufii strains when the nectar had been conditioned by growth of
M. rancensis. Many of these genes were associated with amino acid
metabolism, consistent with our previous finding that early-arriving
species limit late-arriving species’ growth by reducing amino acid
availability. Furthermore, investigation of expression quantitative
trait loci (eQTLs) revealed that genes involved in amino acid transport
and resistance to antifungal compounds were enriched in genetic
variants, with differing effects on gene expression based on priority
effects of M. rancensis. These results demonstrate that intraspecific
variation in the ability of nectar yeasts to respond to nutrient
limitation and direct fungal competition may underpin the molecular
mechanisms of priority effects.
Empathy and Creativity as Foundations and Predictors of How Prosocial Behavior Develops in Preschool Age Children
Authors: Gungordu Nahide , Hernandez-Reif Maria , Walker David , Wind Stefanie
Published: March 2024

Prosocial behavior is defined as actions intended to benefit others
regardless of potential gains the person performing the actions or
behaviors may receive. Prosocial creativity is described as an ability
to produce a solution for someone’s problem in an effective, original,
and convenient way. This study mainly investigated predictors of
prosocial behavior (e.g., prosocial decision-making and prosocial
creativity) in 3-to-5-year-old children and explored the role of
demographics on empathy and moral behavior. The children completed a
series of child appropriate computerized standardized picture-based
tasks to evaluate their creativity, empathy, moral development,
prosocial decision-making, and prosocial creativity. Parents completed
questionnaires on their children’s prosocial skills and empathy, while
researchers used the children’s task performance to determine their
prosocial behavior and creativity levels. Binary and ordinal logistic
regression indicated that children’s age, creativity, and cognitive
empathy played an important role in prosocial decision-making and
prosocial creativity. These elements likely construct the foundation of
children’s prosocial behavior. Moral behavior was also important for
prosocial decision-making, which was a precondition for prosocial
creativity. A developmental pattern was also found for the emergence of
empathy and moral behaviors, suggesting that these abilities may mature
over time or may be learned as children mature.
Effects of Rodent-mediated Dispersal Limitation on Ridge Regeneration
Authors: Ruan Chao , Zhang Ganggang , Fan Xiao , Wang Yang , Meng Deqing , Han Xuyang , Yu Fei
Published: March 2024

Rodent-mediated seed dispersal largely affects the regeneration and
colonization of the forest vegetation. However, due to the steep
topography, complex terrains and the heavy anthropogenic logging from
1970s to 1990s, the secondary succession process of the forest is
greatly inhibited where temperate deciduous broadleaf forests were the
zonal vegetation. Previous studies have ignored the seed dispersal
limitation mechanism among different slope positions in montane forests.
We established 90 sample plots in Taihang Mountains among different
slope positions (i.e., ridge, midslope and valley), and investigated the
characteristics of seed removal rate, seed fate and seed dispersal
distance of Quercus wutaishanica forest according to three slope
positions. The results showed that only one from each of the three
rodent species was captured at the ridge, while 52.1% and 43.8% of the
small rodents were found in valley and midslope, respectively. Compared
to the ridge whose almost all released seeds were intact in site, the
seed removal rates were significantly higher in midslope and valley, and
the proportions of scatter hoarded in ridge and midslope were
significantly different, while both has no significant difference with
that in valley. The average seed dispersal distance in midslope was 4.78
m, significantly greater than that in valley, while that of the ridge
was only 2.09 m. Therefore, the midslope had the best seed dispersal,
but the seed dispersal of ridge was severely restricted, providing the
first empirical evidence for the Mid-domain Effect model and the
Resource Availability Hypothesis. These results provide a better
understanding of the dispersal limitation mechanism of the oak forest
and the plant-animal interactions system in mountainous areas.
Linking social reward responsiveness and affective responses to the social environment: an ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Dell'Acqua Carola , Allison Grace , Yun Connie H. , Weinberg Anna
Published: March 2024

Social support is a key predictor of well-being, but not everyone
experiences mental health benefits from receiving it. However, given
that a growing number of interventions are based on social support, it
is crucial to identify features that make individuals more likely to
benefit from social ties. Emerging evidence suggests that neural
responses to positive social feedback (i.e., social reward) might relate
to individual differences in social functioning, but potential
mechanisms linking these neural responses to psychological outcomes are
yet unclear. This study examined whether neural correlates of social
reward processing, indexed by the reward positivity (RewP), relate to
individuals’ affective experience following self-reported real-world
positive social support events. To this aim, 193 university students (71
% females) underwent an EEG assessment during the Island Getaway task
and completed a 10-day ecological momentary assessment where
participants reported their positive and negative affect (PA, NA) nine
times a day and the count of daily positive and negative events.
Experiencing a higher number of social support positive events was
associated with higher PA. The RewP moderated this association, such
that individuals with greater neural response to social feedback at
baseline had a more positive association between social support positive
events count and PA. Individual differences in the RewP to social
feedback might be one indicator of the likelihood of experiencing
positive affect when receiving social support.
Unraveling the Dynamics of Moisture Transport during Atmospheric Rivers Producing Rainfall in the Southern Andes
Authors: MUDIAR Dipjyoti , Rondanelli Roberto F , Valenzuela Raul , Garreaud René
Published: March 2024

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are known to produce both beneficial and
extreme rainfall, leading to natural hazards in Chile. Motivated to
understand moisture transport during AR events, this study performs a
moisture budget analysis along 50 zonally elongated ARs reaching the
western coast of South America. We identify the convergence of moist air
masses of tropical/subtropical origin along the AR as the primary source
of vertically integrated water vapor (IWV). Over the open ocean,
moisture convergence is nearly balanced by precipitation. The advection
of moisture along the AR, although smaller compared to mass convergence,
significantly increases toward the landfalling region. The near
conservation of IWV over the open ocean, observed by tracking a
Lagrangian atmospheric column along the ARs, is the explanation behind
the seemingly tropical origin of ARs in time-lapse visualizations of IWV
Improved Precipitation Diurnal Cycle in GFDL Climate Models with Non-Equilibrium Convection
Authors: Zhang Bosong , Donner Leo J. , Zhao Ming , Tan Zhihong
Published: March 2024

Most global climate models with convective parameterization have trouble
in simulating the observed diurnal cycle of convection. Maximum
precipitation usually happens too early during summertime, especially
over land. Observational analyses indicate that deep convection over
land cannot keep pace with rapid variations in convective available
potential energy, which is largely controlled by boundary-layer forcing.
In this study, a new convective closure in which shallow and deep
convection interact strongly, out of equilibrium, is implemented in
atmosphere-only and ocean-atmosphere coupled models. The diurnal cycles
of convection in both simulations are significantly improved with small
changes to their mean states. The new closure shifts maximum
precipitation over land later by about three hours. Compared to
satellite observations, the diurnal phase biases are reduced by half.
Shallow convection to some extent equilibrates rapid changes in the
boundary layer at subdiurnal time scales. Relaxed quasi-equilibrium for
convective available potential energy holds in significant measure as a
result. Future model improvement will focus on the remaining biases in
the diurnal cycle, which may be further reduced by including stochastic
entrainment and cold pools.
Evaluating Automated Seismic Event Detection Approaches: An Application to Victoria Land, East Antarctica
Authors: Ho Long Minh , Walter Jacob I. , Hansen Samantha E , Sánchez-Roldán José Luis , Peng Zhigang
Published: March 2024

As seismic data collection continues to grow, advanced automated
processing techniques for robust phase identification and event
detection are becoming increasingly important. However, the performance,
benefits, and limitations of different automated detection approaches
have not been fully evaluated. Our study examines how the performance of
conventional techniques, including the Short-Term Average/Long-Term
Average (STA/LTA) method and cross-correlation approaches, compares to
that of various deep learning models. We also evaluate the added
benefits that transfer learning may provide to machine learning
applications. Each detection approach has been applied to three years of
seismic data recorded by stations in East Antarctica. Our results
emphasize that the most appropriate detection approach depends on the
data attributes and the study objectives. STA/LTA is well-suited for
applications that require rapid results even if there is a greater
likelihood for false positive detections, and correlation-based
techniques work well for identifying events with a high degree of
waveform similarity. Deep learning models offer the most adaptability if
dealing with a range of seismic sources and noise, and their performance
can be enhanced with transfer learning, if the detection parameters are
fine-tuned to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the generated
catalog. Our results in East Antarctic provide new insight into polar
seismicity, highlighting both cryospheric and tectonic events, and
demonstrate how automated event detection approaches can be optimized to
investigate seismic activity in challenging environments.
Dependencies of Simulated Convective Cell and System Growth Biases on Atmospheric Instability and Model Resolution
Authors: Zhang Zhixiao , Varble Adam , Feng Zhe , Marquis James , Hardin Joseph Clinton , Zipser Edward J.
Published: March 2024

This study evaluates convective cell properties and their relationships
with convective and stratiform rainfall within a season-long
convection-permitting simulation over central Argentina using
measurements from the RELAMPAGO-CACTI field campaign. While the
simulation reproduces the total observed rainfall, it underestimates
stratiform rainfall by 46% and overestimates convective rainfall by
43%. As Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) increases, the
overestimation of convective rainfall decreases, but the underestimation
of stratiform rainfall increases such that the high bias in the
contribution of convective rainfall to total rainfall remains
approximately constant at 26% across all CAPE conditions. Overestimated
convective rainfall arises from the simulation generating 2.6 times more
convective cells than observed despite similar observed and simulated
cell growth processes, with relatively wide cells contributing most to
excessive convective rainfall. Relatively shallow cells, typically
reaching heights of 4–7 km, contribute most to the cell number bias.
This bias increases as CAPE decreases, potentially because cells and
their updrafts become narrower and more under-resolved as CAPE
decreases. The gross overproduction of shallow cells leads to overly
efficient precipitation and inadequate detrainment of ice aloft, thereby
diminishing the formation of robust stratiform rainfall regions.
Decreasing the model’s horizontal grid spacing from 3 to 1 or 0.333 km
for representative low and high CAPE cases results in minimal change to
the cell number and depth biases, while the stratiform and convective
rainfall biases also fail to improve. This suggests that improving
prediction of deep convective system growth depends on factors beyond
solely increasing model resolution.
Adaptive Super-resolution for Ocean Bathymetric Maps using a Deep Neural Network and Data Augmentation
Authors: Murakami Koshiro , Matsuoka Daisuke , Takatsuki Naoki , Hidaka Mitsuko , Kido Yukari , Kikawa Eiichi
Published: March 2024

Machine learning-based image super-resolution is a robust approach for
obtaining detailed bathymetric maps. However, in machine learning using
supervised data, the dissimilarity in the features of training and
target datasets degrades super-resolution performance. This study
proposes a two-step method to generate training data with features
similar to those of the target data using image transformation and
composition. The super-resolution model trained via the proposed method
on the Central Okinawa Trough data was applied to the bathymetry data
around Okinotorishima Islands. The method improved the root mean squared
error by up to 14.3% compared to conventional approaches, thus
demonstrating the potential of combining artificial data generation with
machine learning for super-resolution bathymetry mapping of the entire
ocean floor.
Standardized daily high-resolution large-eddy simulations of the Arctic boundary layer and clouds during the complete MOSAiC drift
Authors: Schnierstein Niklas , Chylik Jan , Shupe Matthew D. , Neggers Roel
Published: March 2024

This study utilizes the wealth of observational data collected during
the recent MOSAiC drift experiment to constrain and evaluate 190 daily
Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) of Arctic boundary layers and clouds at
turbulence-resolving resolutions. A standardized approach is adopted to
tightly integrate field measurements into the experimental
configuration. Covering the full drift represents a step forward from
single-case LES studies, and allows for a robust assessment of model
performance against independent data under a broad range of atmospheric
conditions. A homogeneously forced Eulerian domain is simulated,
initialized with radiosonde and value-added cloud profiles. Prescribed
boundary conditions include various measured surface characteristics.
Time-constant composite forcing is applied, primarily consisting of
subsidence rates sampled from reanalysis data. The simulations run for
multiple hours, allowing turbulence and mixed-phase clouds to spin up
while still facilitating direct comparison to MOSAiC data. Key aspects
such as the vertical thermodynamic structure, cloud properties, and
surface energy fluxes are satisfactorily reproduced and maintained.
Specifically, the model captures the bimodal distribution of atmospheric
states that is typical of Arctic climate. Selected days are investigated
more closely to assess the model’s skill in maintaining the observed
boundary layer structure. The sensitivity to various aspects of the
experimental configuration and model physics is tested. The model input
and output are available to the scientific community, supplementing the
MOSAiC data archive. The close agreement with observed meteorology
justifies the use of LES data for gaining further insight into Arctic
processes and their role in Arctic climate change.
Tidal control of equatorial vertical ExB drift under solar minimum conditions
Authors: Liu Han-Li , Maute Astrid
Published: March 2024

Observations show that equatorial ionospheric vertical drifts during
solar minimum differ from the climatology between late afternoon and
midnight. By analyzing WACCM-X simulations, which reproduce this solar
cycle dependence, we show that the interplay of the dominant migrating
tides, their propagating and in-situ forced components, and their solar
cycle dependence impact the F-region wind dynamo. In particular, the
amplitude and phase of the propagating migrating semidiurnal tide (SW2)
in the F-region plays a key role. Under solar minimum conditions, the
SW2 tide propagate to and beyond the F-region in the winter hemisphere,
and consequently its zonal wind amplitude in the F-region is much
stronger than that under solar maximum conditions. Furthermore, its
phase shift leads to a strong eastward wind perturbation near local
midnight. This in turn drives a F-region dynamo with an equatorial
upward drift between 18-1 hour local times.
Ultra-low velocity zone beneath the Atlantic near St. Helena
Authors: Davison Felix Patrick , Martin Carl , Parai Rita , Cottaar Sanne
Published: March 2024

There are various hotspots in the Atlantic ocean, which are underlain by
mantle plumes that likely cross the mantle and originate at the
core-mantle boundary. We use teleseismic core-diffracted shear waves to
look for an Ultra-Low Velocity Zone (ULVZ) at the potential base of
central Atlantic mantle plumes. Our data set shows delayed postcursory
phases after the core-diffracted shear waves. The observed patterns are
consistent in frequency dependence, delay time, and scatter pattern with
those caused by mega-ULVZs previously modelled elsewhere. Synthetic
modelling of a cylindrical structure on the core-mantle boundary below
St. Helena provides a good fit to the data. The preferred model is 600
km across and 20 km high, centred at approximately 15° South, 15° West,
and with a 30% S-wave velocity reduction. Significant uncertainties and
trade-offs do remain to these parameters, but a large ULVZ is needed to
explain the data. The location is west of St. Helena and south of
Ascension. Helium and neon isotopic systematics observed in samples from
this region could point to a less-outgassed mantle component mixed in
with the dominant signature of recycled material. These observations
could be explained by a contribution from the Large Low Shear Velocity
Province (LLSVP). Tungsten isotopic measurements would be needed to
understand whether a contribution from the mega-ULVZ is also required at
St. Helena or Ascension.
Similarities and Differences in Diabetes Diagnosis Stories Among Adults With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes in Appalachian Ohio
Authors: Pugh Andrew , D. Ritholz Marilyn , A. Beverly Elizabeth
Published: March 2024

This qualitative study examined adults’ recollections of their reactions to their diabetes diagnosis and explored the similarities and differences among those diagnosed with type 1 versus type 2 diabetes. Based on semi-structured interviews, the authors identified three themes: 1) shared emotional reactions of fear, sadness, confusion, and worry; 2) perceived differences in expressing concerns for diabetes complications; and 3) differences in perceiving the diagnosis as a surprise versus an inevitability. How health care professionals deliver diabetes diagnoses may be crucial to individuals’ acceptance of the condition and coping strategies. HCPs should consider assessing people’s emotional reactions to their diagnosis.
Heterosis and Diallel Analysis for Grain Yield, Yield Attributes and Physiological Traits in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Patel Supriya , Kumar Vishnu , Saini Manoj Kumar , Singh Anshuman , Singh Sultan , Singh K. K. , Naveen Aavula , Krishna Vemula Anjula , Chaturvedi S. K.
Published: March 2024

The present study was carried out during November–April, 2019–2020 and 2020–21 with eight diverse barley genotypes and their developed 28F1s (half diallel, excluding reciprocals) to ascertain gene effects, hetrosis and correlations for grain yield, yield attributes and physiological traits under water limited conditions of Bundelkhand region. Days to heading and days to maturity exhibited general mean values of 86 days and 127 days, respectively. The parental genotypes, DWRB180, RD2794 and RD2899 showed early spike emergence and maturity. The cross combinations, namely DWRB160 /DWRB180, DWRB180/RD2907 and BH946/RD2552 were promising for flag leaf length and width. The GCA effects were significant and prevalent for all the characters, except days to heading, plant height and tillers count. The parents, DWRB160 (5.29**) and BH902 (1.59**) depicted high GCA effects for 1000 grain weight. The parents, DWRB180, RD2552, and BH946 exhibited significant positive GCA effects for leaf area index and chlorophyll fluorescence, whereas the genotypes, RD2907, BH946 and RD2899 showed higher GCA effects for chlorophyll content. Grain yield exhibited significant positive correlations with flag leaf width (0.60**), tillers per meter (0.35*), grains per spike (0.39*), harvest index (0.53**), chlorophyll content (0.69**), leaf area index (0.49**) and chlorophyll fluorescence (0.68**). The parents, BH946, DWRB180 and RD2907 and the hybrids, RD2552/DWRB180, BH902/RD2794, DWRB160/DWRB180 and BH946/RD2907 were found promising for yield and yield attributes in the dry agro-ecology of Bundelkhand region. The crosses, DWRB160/BH902 and DWRB160/BH946 can be explored for developing superior segregants for malt barley breeding.
(Educação) Matemática Normalizadora:
Authors: Guse Hygor Batista , Detoni Hugo dos Reis
Published: March 2024

A virada sociopolítica da Educação Matemática tem possibilitado reconhecer a não neutralidade da Matemática, principalmente no que tange às questões de gênero e sexualidade. Todavia, esse movimento ainda não é muito refletido em formações iniciais ou continuadas de docentes que ensinam Matemática, assim como em práticas pedagógicas que já tenham sido publicizadas. Em função desse cenário, o objetivo desse texto é analisar as discussões de um fórum do curso de extensão “Estudos de Gênero: o que a Matemática tem a ver com isso?” voltado para (futures) docentes que ensinam (ensinarão) Matemática, sobre os possíveis estereótipos que a Matemática pode (re)produzir no que diz respeito às pessoas que dissidem das normas de gênero e sexuais. Neste estudo visamos o estranhamento da pseudoneutralidade que foi discursivamente construída como inerente à disciplina ao longo dos anos. Para isso, organizamos a análise em torno de três eixos temáticos: a (i) visão da Matemática como campo restrito ou neutro, as (ii) dinâmicas de gênero na Matemática e as (iii) práticas e materiais pedagógicos como (não) potencializadores de processos de normalização. Concluímos, a partir da análise, que a Matemática ainda é atravessada por intencionalidades de uma pequena parcela da sociedade que visa a manutenção do status quo, e apontamos a necessidade de tensionarmos e rompermos com a (re)produção de processos discriminatórios que ocorrem na/pela Matemática.
análise sobre agência dos alunos em textos de Educação Matemática
Authors: Thiengo Edmar Reis , Couto Felipe Machado Teixeira
Published: March 2024

Este estudo objetiva compreender como as estruturas coloniais se manifestam e influenciam os conceitos que tratam da agência dos alunos em artigos de referência no campo da educação matemática. Para tanto, analisou a agência dos alunos na educação matemática sob a perspectiva da justiça social, utilizando-se como referência as contribuições de Rochelle Gutiérrez e Jo Boaler, além da noção de colonialidade do poder e do saber proposta por Catherine Walsh. A metodologia envolveu a análise crítica que busca compreender e questionar as estruturas de dominação e poder, a partir das obras de autores como Eric Gutstein, Imani Goffney, Rochelle Gutiérrez e Melissa Boston, Ubiratan D’Ambrósio, Marilyn Frankenstein e Paola Valero, buscando identificar nuances e contradições em relação à agência do aluno. Os principais resultados revelaram que mesmo autores comprometidos com a justiça social podem reproduzir visões hierarquizadas e opressivas em relação aos alunos. As estruturas coloniais foram identificadas em diversos aspectos, incluindo a atribuição de poder e autoridade ao professor, a reprodução de narrativas eurocêntricas e a limitação da agência dos alunos. A análise crítica também destacou a importância de considerar como a educação matemática pode gerar seleção, exclusão e segregação. As conclusões apontam para a necessidade de desconstruir as estruturas coloniais presentes na educação e promover uma abordagem crítica e reflexiva. É fundamental valorizar as experiências, as perspectivas e os conhecimentos dos alunos e, assim, construir uma educação matemática mais inclusiva, equitativa e capacitadora. A agência do aluno deve ser fortalecida e possibilitar que ele se torne agente ativo na construção do conhecimento e na luta por justiça social.