bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decadal oxygen change in the eastern tropical North Atlantic
Authors: Hahn Johannes , Brandt Peter , Schmidtko Sunke , Krahmann Gerd
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Repeat shipboard and multi-year moored observations obtained in the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of the eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA) were used to study the decadal change in oxygen for the period 2006–2015. At the depth of the deep oxycline (200–400 m), oxygen decreased with a rate of −6.2 ± 3.8 μmol kg−1 decade−1, while below the OMZ core (400–1,000 m) oxygen increased by 4.1 ± 1.7 μmol kg−1 decade−1 on average. The inclusion of these decadal oxygen trends in the recently estimated oxygen budget for the ETNA OMZ showed a weakened ventilation of the upper 400 m, whereas the ventilation strengthened homogeneously over depth below 400 m. This resulted in a shoaling of the ETNA OMZ of −0.03 ± 0.02 kg m−3 decade−1 in density space, which was only partly compensated by a deepening of isopycnal surfaces, thus pointing to a shoaling of the OMZ in depth space as well. Shipboard, float and satellite observations of velocity and hydrography indicate different regional as well as remote changes in the circulation pattern to be responsible for the change in the ventilation of the ETNA. The reduced ventilation in the upper 400 m may have been induced by a southward shift of the wind-driven circulation or by a change of the composition of South Atlantic Central Water. There are hints that below 400 m, latitudinally alternating zonal jets have strengthened, thus contributing to the increased ventilation. Nevertheless, temporal changes in isopycnal eddy supply or diapycnal supply (diapycnal mixing as well as diapycnal advection) cannot be excluded in having contributed to the observed oxygen change.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young Jenny
Published: January 2017

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (EMSD) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from November 1, 2014, to May 1, 2015. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether EMSD publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Aristotulus Ernst TungkaBhagawanCesar PovedaChee-Ming ChanDaniel BadulescuGoutam BanerjeeHayssam Mohamed AliHengky HalimJia LiuJoão Fernando Pereira GomesKhandakar Niaz MorshedPankaj MaheshwariRui ShenSaid JaouadiTateda Masafumi
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 5 No. 2
Authors: Young Jenny
Published: January 2017

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (EMSD) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from May 1, 2016, to November 1, 2016. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether EMSD publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period.Adriano MaglioccoAghop Der-KarabetianAnna Rita Bernadette CammerinoArash RiasiBhagawanBin YangChristiane do Nascimento MonteDr. Giacomo ChiesaElham MohamedErico Fernando Lopes Pereira-SilvaErico Fernando Lopes Pereira-SilvaGamal AwadGoutam BanerjeeHayssam Mohamed AliJemimah NaineJia LiuKhandakar Niaz MorshedPankaj MaheshwariRocsana Tonis (Bucea-Manea)Said JaouadiSattar SattaryTateda Masafumi
Profitability of Small Scale Vegetable Production in Southern District, Botswana
Authors: Kealeboga Sekgopa T. , Job Lagat K. , Nelson Tselaesele M.
Published: January 2017

Government determination to eradicate extreme poverty and food insecurity among Batswana through small scale vegetable production program appears not to transform their economic stance. Rural households that are part of Poverty Eradication Programme were investigated to determine if backyard gardens were profitable enough to improve incomes, reduce extreme poverty, and increase food security. The study aimed at analysing profitability and identifying factors that affect profitability of backyard gardening. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect data from 100 rural households who are part of the backyard garden scheme. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis and regression analysis. Results indicated that backyard gardening was a viable activity though profitability was affected by amount of fertilizer applied, market availability and area planted. Beneficiaries indicated that the production and marketing constraints they faced included pests and diseases, lack of water, lack of market and poor prices. Program leaders must recognize the production and marketing constraints themselves as well as plan for the possibility that continual financial support for investment in the initial years of operation.
John Wesley and History
Authors: Black Jeremy
Published: January 2017

This article considers John Wesley as a historian through his Concise History of England. Wesley's History, which has been neglected by scholars, offers a religious account of history. It adopts a biographical approach while making moral assessments. Wesley focused on monarchy and their personalities while bringing vice and virtue to the forefront. His History has resonances with Bolingbroke's Toryism. Wesley explores the ‘genius of the nation’ as a factor in conflict and colonial expansion. His interest in overseas military conflicts can be seen as one of the ways in which Tory interest and ideas were maintained.
A OFERTA DE CURSOS DO PROUNI E O MERCADO DE TRABALHO
Authors: Lima João Marcelo da Costa e Silva , Ragazzo Carlos , Molhano Leandro
Published: January 2017

Neste texto, analisamos a atual distribuição de bolsas do Prouni por curso de graduação, para identificar quais as principais áreas de conhecimento que são contempladas no mercado educacional superior por esse programa e em que medida ele se compatibiliza com a necessidade de incentivar a formação superior em áreas de conhecimento consideradas estratégicas, o que é declaradamente prioridade para o próprio governo que o elaborou. Argumentamos que a path dependence pode explicar por que a Lei n. 11.096/2005, que instituiu o Prouni, insere-se no modelo institucional histórico de expansão de oferta de cursos de educação superior vigente até hoje no Brasil, focado em instituições de ensino privadas e caracterizado pelo subinvestimento em carreiras estratégicas para o desenvolvimento nacional.
QUESTÃO DE FAMÍLIA: UM OLHAR JURÍDICO-ANTROPOLÓGICO SOBRE O “CASAMENTO GAY” NO BRASIL
Authors: Nagamine Renata Reverendo Vidal Kawano , Natividade Marcelo Tavares , Barbosa Olívia Alves
Published: January 2017

Neste artigo, pretende-se descrever e analisar como ocorreu a integração das relações estáveis entre pessoas não heterossexuais na ordem familiar no Brasil, com foco na instituição do casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo no País. A proposta do artigo é olhar, mais especificamente, para as disputas travadas no processo de sua instituição, bem como para as convenções sociais e as normas culturais, além das normas jurídicas, nela acionadas pelos atores políticos. Nesse processo, as linguagens do direito e do amor, visões religiosas e convenções sociais acerca de sexualidade e família desempenham um papel importante. Elas permitem aos atores políticos articular suas diferentes posições sobre o reconhecimento formal da (homo)conjugalidade e a instituição do casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo no Brasil. Nossa hipótese é que os discursos em defesa da (ou condenando a) regulação das relações estáveis e do casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo revelam que se trata, acima de tudo, de uma “questão de família”.
MÁQUINA DE MOER GENTE: O PROBLEMA DA RELAÇÃO AMBÍGUA ENTRE DIREITO E VIOLÊNCIA
Authors: Magalhães José Antonio Rego , Magalhães Juliana Neuenschwander
Published: January 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é expor, a partir principalmente da obra de Walter Benjamin e de Jacques Derrida, uma certa ambiguidade na relação entre os conceitos de direito e de violência, e colocá-la como problema, ainda que a solução desse problema não esteja no escopo deste artigo, precisando ser tratada alhures. Em primeiro lugar, apresentaremos o conceito de violência como problemático, distinguindo-o de outros como poder e força. Com base em Benjamin, apresentaremos a distinção entre meios e fins conforme pensada pelo positivismo e pelo jusnaturalismo, bem como a distinção estabelecida pelo autor entre a violência instituinte e a violência mantenedora do direito. Exemplificaremos essas questões mediante uma breve discussão da instituição policial e do instituto dos “autos de resistência”. A seguir, exporemos as razões pelas quais Benjamin acaba por condenar o poder jurídico, reconhecendo nele uma circularidade viciosa, a partir da qual esse poder se mostra como uma manifestação imediata da violência, que o autor chama de violência “mítica”. Terminaremos com uma breve sugestão quanto à possibilidade de pensar-se uma solução para o problema apresentado.
LICENÇA PARENTAL COMO AGENDA PARA A IGUALDADE DE GÊNERO: DIÁLOGOS ENTRE OS MODELOS SUECO E BRASILEIRO
Authors: Matos Ana Carla Harmatiuk , Oliveira Ligia Ziggiotti de , Natividade João Pedro Kostin Felipe de
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho examina o sistema de licença parental existente na Suécia como potencial promotor da igualdade de gênero para, então, versar sobre o sistema de licenças unilaterais existentes no Brasil. Utiliza-se o método comparado da equivalência funcional. Discutem-se as particularidades suecas para, em sequência, analisar o sistema brasileiro. Verifica-se, assim, a presença de grandes disparidades culturais e econômicas, além de outras, entre as duas nações, a desenharem cenários opostos na promoção da igualdade de gênero. Se o diálogo entre tais realidades não serve para transplantar experiências europeias às iniciativas latino-americanas, é possível, por outro lado, oxigenar a crítica de que o Brasil é carente de legislação a encorajar a persecução de iguais oportunidades e condições entre homens e mulheres, em indesejável estímulo a que as suas funções permaneçam vinculadas aos estereótipos dos papéis sexuais. De outra parte, as políticas públicas suecas, embora apresentem limitações, propõem-se, positivamente, a transformar esse tradicional paradigma.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Tomio Fabricio Ricardo de Limas , Fachin Melina Girardi , Venturi Eliseu Raphael , Zuba Márcio Eduardo
Published: January 2017

EDITORIAL
EXPEDIENTE
Authors: Tomio Fabricio Ricardo de Limas , Fachin Melina Girardi , Venturi Eliseu Raphael , Zuba Márcio Eduardo
Published: January 2017

EXPEDIENTE
Training Needs for the Professional Development of Social-Studies Teachers at the Intermediate Stage in Al-Jouf in Light of Modern Teaching Trends: A Field Study
Authors: Almarshad Yousef Ogla
Published: January 2017

This study is an attempt to identify the training needs of social-studies teachers at the intermediate stage in Al-Jouf in light of modern teaching trends. It focuses on the six axes of systemic planning, varied teaching strategies, information and communication technology, innovative enrichment activities in teaching, classroom-management skills, and diverse assessment methods. Its subjects are 60 male teachers and 60 female teachers carefully selected for the application of the final form of the questionnaire. It relies on 9 tables showing the cities and axes of the study, the training needs for each axis, and the analyses of findings. It finally provides a number of suggestions and recommendations for further future field studies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In other words, the present study is a kind of investigation into the training needs of the target teachers with an aim to enhance their professional development in an age characterize by its rabid change and great technological advances.
Evaluation of Low Heat Unit Corn Hybrids Compared to Barley for Forage Yield and Quality on the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Lardner Herbert Andrew , Pearce Leah , Damiran Daalkhaijav
Published: January 2017

Corn (Zea mays L.) production is expanding in the prairie region of western Canada. The objectives of this study were to compare three new low heat unit corn hybrids to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for forage yield, nutrient profile, and total nutrient production. The study was conducted at 4 sites (Evansburg and Fairview, Alberta; Melfort and Scott, Saskatchewan) with different soil characteristics (Gray Luvisolic, Grey Wooded, Dark Brown, and Black soil zones) over three consecutive years (2012-2014). At each site, annually, 16 plots (2.4×7.2 m) were randomly assigned to one of four forage crops (corn:Monsanto DKC26-25, Hyland 2D093, Pioneer P7443R; barley: cv. AC Ranger) in a replicated (n = 4) trial. Number of cobs per plant was not different (p = 0.23) between corn hybrids averaging 1.22 ± 0.32/plant (mean ± sd). Forage yield among the corn hybrids was negligible (p > 0.05), but the corn hybrids exhibited 40% higher yield (p < 0.05; avg. 11.3 ± 3.6 t/ha on DM basis) compared to barley (avg. 6.7 ± 1.7 t/ha). Corn hybrids were lower (p < 0.05) in CP content [7.6 ± 1.4% versus (vs.) 12.4 ± 0.1%] than barley. No difference was observed between the 4 forage crops in TDN content (68.2 ± 2.8% DM).Study results suggestthat new cool-season corn hybrids can produce high quality forage to meet the nutrient requirements of grazing beef cows in mid- and late-stage pregnancy.New corn hybrids may be suitable alternatives for winter grazing strategies since forage harvest costs would be eliminated.
AN ATTEMPT TO PRODUCE RECOMBINANT HORSE INSULIN
Authors: D. Batsaikhan , S. Lkhagvasuren , B. Munkhtogtokh , B. Tuvshin , B. Bayar-Enkh , Ya. Ganbold
Published: January 2017

The present study aimed to produce horse insulin by use of recombinant DNA technology. Because the hormones such as somatotropin, prolactin and leptin, which are practically applicable in veterinary medicine, are also peptides, they can be obtained on the basis of this model technology. To isolate total RNA, horse pancreas samples were collected in RNA stabilizing solution from local abattoirs, sent to the laboratory, and stored the samples in the freezer at -80°C. Molecular biological reagents and kits for total RNA extraction,one step RT (reverse transcription)-PCR reactions, cloning, expression, and purification were used to produce equine proinsulin. Primers were designed from NCBI gene bank data and synthesized in Macrogen Inc, Korea. Obtained equine proinsulin was processed by enzymes trypsin and carboxypeptidase B to form mature insulin. The purity of insulin was assessed by SDS-PAGE. Molecular weight of insulin is approximately 6.0 kDa. The hormone was also measured by ELISA test and it was equal to 55 IU per ml of solution. Finally it can be concluded equine insulin with 55 IU/ml activity can be produced by recombinant DNA technology.
INVESTIGATION ON BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS AND INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS IN MONGOLIAN DAIRY FARMS
Authors: Purevtseren Dulam , Dashzevge Erdenechimeg , Guan Zhou Wei Guan
Published: January 2017

In this study, 168 blood sera were collected from dairy cows in Selenge and Tuv aimags during 2013 - 2014. The ELISA was carried out for serological detection of antibodies and antigens to Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), antibodies to Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) in dairy cows in Mongolia. The ELISA results of antibodies of BVDV and antigen of BVDV showed that 86.9% and 3.57%, respectively. The seroprevalence of antibodies against IBRV was found to be 60.7%. In order to confirm of BVDV, One Step RT-PCR was performed in ELISA positive cattle serum samples using specific primer for BVDV. The results showed that 294 bp fragment was successfully amplified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nucleotide sequences 5'UTR gene of the isolates belonged to the BVDV1 subtype. Four isolated virus samples were closely related to China, the another isolate was closely related to the Slovenia BVDV1 isolate.
SOME RESULTS OF STUDY ON COUNTS AND MORPHOLOGY OF RUMEN CILIATE PROTOZOA IN PASTURE-RAISED MONGOLIAN SHEEP LAMB
Authors: D. Purevtsogt , M. Zolzaya , Shirchin Demberel , J. Dugersuren
Published: January 2017

The present study was performed to investigate rumen protozoa (ciliates) in pasture-raised Mongolian sheep lambs with their aging, identify the genus and species using the manual relied on morphology of detected ciliates and determine their counts. As a result of this study, ciliates of 6 genera belonging to orders Entodiniomorрhа and Holotrichа were detected and identified and they were aslo documented by photography. Ciliates are distinguished with their own specific features and their main characteristic is structure of hair-like organelles called cilia.
RESULT OF STUDYING SOME ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS AND CORTISOL IN PREGNANT EWES
Authors: A. Ulaankhuu , G. Lkhamjav , Nakamura Yoshio , M. Zolzaya
Published: January 2017

One of the specific characteristics of Mongolian livestock is that parturition occurs during the cold winter and spring seasons. Aim of our study is to investigate acute phase proteins (APP) in pregnant ewes during the time of cold temperature stress. According to the study, haptoglobin (Hp) concentration in serum of pregnant ewes was highest in February, as well as high variation of Hp was detected during the remaining months. In addition, alpha -1 acid glycoprotein (α1AGР) was also highest in February, but decreased gradually in the following months.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF MEDICAGO L. PLANTS UNDER STRESSED CONDITIONS
Authors: Molor Adiyasuren , Khajidsuren Altantsetseg , Myagmarjav Uuganzaya , Vanjildorj Enkhchimeg
Published: January 2017

As a perennial forage crop, alfalfa (Medicago L.) can be cultivated in marginal lands and has a high yield and good quality of high-protein content. Alfalfa has deep vertical roots; this species is able to absorb even depth waters about 5 m depth and more. This advantage saves plant’s life in long term drought. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of drought stress during germination and growth stage of 2 species (Medicago sativa, Medicago falcata) and 2 varieties (Mongolian Medicago varia Marthz var.Burgaltai and Inner Mongolian Medicago varia Martyn var.Nutag Belcheer-2) in laboratory condition. In order to expose the drought stresses in plant by polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) with 0 (control), -0.3, -0.5 and -1.0 MPa for 2 weeks respectively. The results represented that Medicago sativa had higher seed germination percentage than other species and varieties. Water uptake, dry matter index are observed in M.sativa higher than others.The highest chlorophyll content was in Medicago varia Marthz var.Burgaltai. The highest result of root, shoot length and weight were observed in Medicago sativa. In contrast, the significantly lowest result of morphological parameters was in Mediago varia Martyn var.Nutag Belcheer-2. M.sativa is highly tolerant to drought stress among species. M.varia Marth var.Burgaltai was moderately tolerant to drought stress among varieties.
Instrumento de valoración familiar por el modelo de dominios de la taxonomía II de NANDA
Authors: Camargo Hernández Katherine Del Consuelo , Pabón Varela Yadira
Published: January 2017

Introducción: Una familia es saludable cuando se logra un equilibrio entre el control, crecimiento, la estabilidad y  la espiritualidad de cada uno de sus integrantes con el entorno que los rodea (2).

Objetivo: Diseñar un instrumento validado que permita la valoración familiar por el Modelo de Dominios de la Taxonomía II de NANDA.

Metodología: Diseño cuantitativo, de tipo tecnológica psicométrica con análisis de datos descriptivos. La muestra para la validación del instrumento fue de 8 profesionales en enfermería; además, se realizó una prueba piloto en donde participaron 40 familias pertenecientes a las ciudades de Bucaramanga y Santa Marta, Colombia, 20 para cada ciudad. Para la validación de contenido, se tuvo en cuenta el Modelo de Lawshe Modificado.

Resultados: Existió un consenso general entre los jueces evaluadores en la validación de contenido del Instrumento, el  Coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach fue de 0.847, la correlación no paramétrica Rho de Spearman, arrojó una buena correlación entre los ítems contemplados en el instrumento, con un valor de r mayor de 0.5 y un nivel de significancia < de 0.05, con un valor de p de cero.

Conclusiones: Se encontró consenso entre los jueces evaluadores, una fiabilidad por medio del Alpha de Cronbach superior a 0.7 y correlaciones no paramétrica Rho de Spearman significativas entre algunos ítems del instrumento.
Apego en el postparto precoz: comparación entre madres de neonatos ingresados en el Servicio de Obstetricia y en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales
Authors: Alonso Allende Laura , González Fuente Luis Javier , Pérez Rivera Francisco Javier , Fernández García Daniel
Published: January 2017

Introducción: el apego materno es el conjunto de conductas y vínculos que la madre establece en torno al recién nacido. El ingreso en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales supone una barrera en el establecimiento de estos primeros lazos.

Objetivo: el principal objetivo del presente estudio es comparar el grado de apego valorando dicha separación, así como identificar aquellas variables que podrían influir en su establecimiento.

Material y métodos: un total de 82 madres, divididas en dos grupos (O-U), participaron en este estudio ex postfacto comparativo causal mediante la cumplimentación del cuestionario Maternal Attachment Inventory, la entrevista y la revisión de la historia clínica.

Resultados: se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la puntuación MAI entre madres del Grupo Obstetricia (99’67) y del Grupo UCIN (91’64), del mismo modo se señaló la edad gestacional y la alimentación como factores influyentes.

Discusión y conclusión: la separación tras el ingreso en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales dificulta el establecimiento de los primeros vínculos maternos. Es necesario valorar los diferentes factores que influyen en esta situación y realizar futuras intervenciones para mejorar la relación materno-filial.
Programas educativos en pacientes con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica. Revisión integradora
Authors: Folch Ana , Orts-Cortés María Isabel , Hernández-Carcereny Carmen , Seijas-Babot Nuria , Macia-Soler Loreto
Published: January 2017

Según la OMS, el objetivo de la educación terapéutica (ET) es ayudar al paciente a adquirir los recursos necesarios para gestionar óptimamente su vida con una enfermedad crónica. La ET forma parte del tratamiento en la prevención secundaria y terciaria. La última revisión de la Cochrane ha demostrado resultados positivos, sin embargo, la heterogeneidad de las poblaciones, tipo de intervenciones y medidas de resultado hace que sea difícil establecer recomendaciones claras en este ámbito. Así como se desconoce qué instrumentos son los recomendables para evaluar el cumplimiento terapéutico en la EPOC. Por tanto es necesario  realizar de una revisión  con el objetivo de conocer las características de los ensayos clínicos, el perfil del paciente EPOC, los contenidos de la ET y las variables estudiadas en los mismos. Identificándose 22 ensayos clínicos con una alta calidad metodológica, escala Jadad >3 que mostraron que en los ensayos clínicos de programas de ET las variables más estudiadas son la calidad de vida, ingresos hospitalarios y las variables de función pulmonar, donde la ET disminuye los ingresos hospitalarios, favorece la deshabituación tabáquica, mejora los conocimientos de la EPOC cuyas intervenciones son sesiones grupales, con diferentes materiales educativos, existiendo un auge en el número de publicaciones en este ámbito. Existe una gran variedad en los instrumentos de evaluación y heterogeneidad de las intervenciones, para establecer conclusiones.
Estudio en familias: factores ambientales y culturales asociados al sobrepeso y obesidad
Authors: Gutiérrez Valverde Juana Mercedes , Guevara Valtier Milton Carlos , Enríquez Reyna María Cristina , Paz Morales María de los Ángeles , Hernández del Ángel Martha Arely , Landeros Olvera Erick Alberto
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Determinar si el sobrepeso y la obesidad en los integrantes de la familia están relacionados con los factores ambientales y culturales relativos al funcionamiento de la familia.

Método: Estudio descriptivo correlacional. La muestra fue constituida por 198 integrantes de familias. Se aplicaron una Cédula de Datos Generales, una Escala para Evaluar las Relaciones Intrafamiliares, el Cuestionario de Elección de Alimentos y el Cuestionario de Actividad Física.

Resultados: El 8.6% de los participantes mayores de 18 años presentó sobrepeso y el 46.5% algún grado de obesidad. El índice de masa corporal de los adultos se relacionó con las kilocalorías totales producto de la actividad física (rs=.594; p<.01) y con las subescalas ecología de la alimentación (rs=.160; p<.05) y valor nutritivo (rs=.242; p<.01). Los factores culturales no se asociaron con el índice de masa corporal (rs=.242; p>.01).

Conclusiones: En esta muestra el Sobrepeso/Obesidad se asoció con los factores ambientales.
Efectividad del tratamiento tópico de la flebitis secundaria a la cateterización periférica: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Martín Gil Belén , Fernández Castro Mercedes , López Vallecillo María , Peña García Isabel
Published: January 2017

Introducción: La flebitis es la complicación más frecuente secundaria a la cateterización periférica.

Objetivo: Evaluar la evidencia disponible sobre la efectividad de tratamientos tópicos de la flebitis post-perfusión en pacientes portadores de catéter venoso periférico.

Método: Se realizó revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos y revisiones sistemáticas publicados desde 1995 a 2015 en las bases de datos Pubmed, Cinahl, Cochrane plus CUIDEN y la BVS (Biblioteca Virtual en Salud), en inglés y español. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: paciente adulto hospitalizado, portador de vía venosa periférica, con perfusión continua o intermitente, incluyendo todo tipo de terapia de infusión que hubieran desarrollado cualquier grado de flebitis. La valoración de la calidad metodológica de los estudios seleccionados, se realizó por pares de forma independiente utilizando el Clinical Appraisal Skills Programme en su versión española.

Resultados: Se seleccionaron 11 estudios: 8 ensayos clínicos y 3 revisiones sistemáticas. Analizaron los efectos de fitoterapéuticos: aloe vera, chamomilla recutita y notoginseny; pomadas heparinoides y geles de heparina; antiinflamatorios como el diclofenaco y vasodilatadores como la nitroglicerina, resultando todos ellos efectivos.

Conclusiones: El aloe vera, notoginseny, diclofenaco y heparina gel 1000 UI, mostraron nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación moderado. La heparina gel es el único compuesto con indicación de la Agencia Española del Medicamento para tratar la flebitis post-perfusión, el notoginseny no está comercializado en Occidente y el diclofenaco es un antiinflamatorio utilizado en diversas patologías. Es merecedor de especial atención el tratamiento con aloe vera a la espera de estudios más concluyentes
Back to school! (Mis)trust and acculturation processes among immigrant students at Campus Montreal
Authors: Arcand Sébastien , Asselin Chantale , Kanouté Fasal
Published: January 2017

This article focuses on the academic perseverance of Permanent Resident University Students (PRUS) in the three post-secondary institutions that make up Campus Montréal (University of Montreal, HEC Montreal, and Polytechnique Montreal). Returning to school is often framed as a way for new immigrants to update their education and level the playing field in order for them to gain access to the same labor market opportunities as those who are born in the host society. We present the results of a study carried out with 426 respondents of an online survey and 44 participants of group interviews with recent PRUS in Montreal. Using the concepts of acculturation process and (mis)trust, this qualitative inductive analysis highlights the main constraints experienced by the respondents, which is reflected in their social representations of the integration process and their decision to return to university. In this context, and given the apparent inequalities in terms of intergroup relations, returning to university might in fact be detrimental to their stated goal of rapid and successful integration into the host society, particularly the labor market. Consequently, in a migratory context, the return to university might, in fact, have a demoralizing effect since the experience foreshadows the barriers, systemic or otherwise, that these professionals may encounter in their efforts to enter the labor market.
Stratégies parentales déployées pour soutenir l’expérience socioscolaire d’élèves récemment immigrés : un fort investissement « en marge » de l’école
Authors: Charette Josée
Published: January 2017

Pour la majorité des parents qui immigrent avec leurs enfants, la réussite scolaire de ces derniers dans la société d’accueil représente un enjeu capital du projet d’immigration. Au Québec, dans une perspective de réussite éducative et scolaire, le rôle de parent d’élève se structure grandement autour de la participation parentale dans le parcours scolaire des enfants. Désirant soutenir leurs enfants, mais ne détenant pas toutes les informations sur le milieu scolaire de la société d’accueil, plusieurs parents d’élèves récemment immigrés déploient des stratégies de soutien parental qui diffèrent des modalités attendues par l’école. Cet article vise à mettre en lumière certaines stratégies déployées par des parents récemment immigrés pour soutenir l’expérience socioscolaire de leurs enfants à l’école de la société d’accueil, selon des modalités qui ne sont pas toujours visibles par l’école. Dans le cadre d’une démarche qualitative exploratoire, des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été faites auprès de vingt-cinq familles récemment immigrées au Québec. Nos résultats soulignent un décalage intéressant entre la mobilisation et la proactivité accrues de nombreux parents et l’invisibilité de ces dernières pour le milieu scolaire, surtout lorsque le rôle de parent d’élève s’exerce dans l’intimité du milieu familial ou dans divers contextes communautaires. De plus, l’actualisation du rôle de parent d’élève « à l’école » est, entre autres, tributaire des possibilités que le personnel scolaire offre aux parents de déroger aux modalités habituellement attendues par l’école.
Cell assemblies at multiple time scales with arbitrary lag constellations
Authors: Russo Eleonora , Durstewitz Daniel
Published: January 2017

Hebb's idea of a cell assembly as the fundamental unit of neural information processing has dominated neuroscience like no other theoretical concept within the past 60 years. A range of different physiological phenomena, from precisely synchronized spiking to broadly simultaneous rate increases, has been subsumed under this term. Yet progress in this area is hampered by the lack of statistical tools that would enable to extract assemblies with arbitrary constellations of time lags, and at multiple temporal scales, partly due to the severe computational burden. Here we present such a unifying methodological and conceptual framework which detects assembly structure at many different time scales, levels of precision, and with arbitrary internal organization. Applying this methodology to multiple single unit recordings from various cortical areas, we find that there is no universal cortical coding scheme, but that assembly structure and precision significantly depends on the brain area recorded and ongoing task demands.
Genetic evidence that Nkx2.2 acts primarily downstream of Neurog3 in pancreatic endocrine lineage development
Authors: Churchill Angela J , Gutiérrez Giselle Dominguez , Singer Ruth A , Lorberbaum David S , Fischer Kevin A , Sussel Lori
Published: January 2017

Many pancreatic transcription factors that are essential for islet cell differentiation have been well characterized; however, because they are often expressed in several different cell populations, their functional hierarchy remains unclear. To parse out the spatiotemporal regulation of islet cell differentiation, we used a Neurog3-Cre allele to ablate Nkx2.2, one of the earliest and most broadly expressed islet transcription factors, specifically in the Neurog3+ endocrine progenitor lineage (Nkx2.2△endo). Remarkably, many essential components of the β cell transcriptional network that were down-regulated in the Nkx2.2KO mice, were maintained in the Nkx2.2△endo mice - yet the Nkx2.2△endo mice displayed defective β cell differentiation and recapitulated the Nkx2.2KO phenotype. This suggests that Nkx2.2 is not only required in the early pancreatic progenitors, but has additional essential activities within the endocrine progenitor population. Consistently, we demonstrate Nkx2.2 functions as an integral component of a modular regulatory program to correctly specify pancreatic islet cell fates.
Embryonic origin of adult stem cells required for tissue homeostasis and regeneration
Authors: Davies Erin L , Lei Kai , Seidel Christopher W , Kroesen Amanda E , McKinney Sean A , Guo Longhua , Robb Sofia MC , Ross Eric J , Gotting Kirsten , Alvarado Alejandro Sánchez
Published: January 2017

Planarian neoblasts are pluripotent, adult somatic stem cells and lineage-primed progenitors that are required for the production and maintenance of all differentiated cell types, including the germline. Neoblasts, originally defined as undifferentiated cells residing in the adult parenchyma, are frequently compared to embryonic stem cells yet their developmental origin remains obscure. We investigated the provenance of neoblasts during Schmidtea mediterranea embryogenesis, and report that neoblasts arise from an anarchic, cycling piwi-1+ population wholly responsible for production of all temporary and definitive organs during embryogenesis. Early embryonic piwi-1+ cells are molecularly and functionally distinct from neoblasts: they express unique cohorts of early embryo enriched transcripts and behave differently than neoblasts in cell transplantation assays. Neoblast lineages arise as organogenesis begins and are required for construction of all major organ systems during embryogenesis. These subpopulations are continuously generated during adulthood, where they act as agents of tissue homeostasis and regeneration.
A sequential multi-target Mps1 phosphorylation cascade promotes spindle checkpoint signaling
Authors: Ji Zhejian , Gao Haishan , Jia Luying , Li Bing , Yu Hongtao
Published: January 2017

The master spindle checkpoint kinase Mps1 senses kinetochore-microtubule attachment and promotes checkpoint signaling to ensure accurate chromosome segregation. The kinetochore scaffold Knl1, when phosphorylated by Mps1, recruits checkpoint complexes Bub1–Bub3 and BubR1–Bub3 to unattached kinetochores. Active checkpoint signaling ultimately enhances the assembly of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) consisting of BubR1–Bub3, Mad2, and Cdc20, which inhibits the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome bound to Cdc20 (APC/CCdc20) to delay anaphase onset. Using in vitro reconstitution, we show that Mps1 promotes APC/C inhibition by MCC components through phosphorylating Bub1 and Mad1. Phosphorylated Bub1 binds to Mad1–Mad2. Phosphorylated Mad1 directly interacts with Cdc20. Mutations of Mps1 phosphorylation sites in Bub1 or Mad1 abrogate the spindle checkpoint in human cells. Therefore, Mps1 promotes checkpoint activation through sequentially phosphorylating Knl1, Bub1, and Mad1. This sequential multi-target phosphorylation cascade makes the checkpoint highly responsive to Mps1 and to kinetochore-microtubule attachment.
Preliminary reliability test of lateral-current-injection GaInAsP/InP membrane distributed feedback laser on Si substrate fabricated by adhesive wafer bonding
Authors: Fukuda Kai , Inoue Daisuke , Hiratani Takuo , Amemiya Tomohiro , Nishiyama Nobuhiko , Arai Shigehisa
Published: January 2017

A preliminary reliability test was performed for lateral-current-injection GaInAsP/InP membrane Distributed Feedback (DFB) lasers fabricated by multi-regrowth and adhesive wafer bonding. The measurement was conducted for lasers with two different types of p-side electrode: Ti/Au and Au/Zn/Au. The device with the Au/Zn/Au electrode, which had better current–voltage (I–V) characteristics, showed no degradation of differential quantum efficiency and threshold current after continuous aging for 310 h at a bias current density of 5 kA/cm2. This result indicates that the multi-regrowth and bonding process for the GaInAsP/InP membrane DFB laser will not impact the initial reliability.
A gene expression study of dorso-ventrally restricted pigment pattern in adult fins ofNeolamprologus meeli, an African cichlid species
Authors: Ahi Ehsan Pashay , Sefc Kristina M.
Published: January 2017

Fish color patterns are among the most diverse phenotypic traits found in the animal kingdom. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control in chromatophore distribution and pigmentation underlying this diversity is a major goal in developmental and evolutionary biology, which has predominantly been pursued in the zebrafish model system. Here, we apply results from zebrafish work to study a naturally occurring color pattern phenotype in the fins of an African cichlid species from Lake Tanganyika. The cichlid fishNeolamprologus meelidisplays a distinct dorsal color pattern, with black and white stripes along the edges of the dorsal fin and of the dorsal half of the caudal fin, corresponding with differences in melanophore density. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling the differences in dorsal and ventral color patterning in the fins, we quantitatively assessed the expression of 15 candidate target genes involved in adult zebrafish pigmentation and stripe formation. For reference gene validation, we screened the expression stability of seven widely expressed genes across the investigated tissue samples and identifiedtbpas appropriate reference. Relative expression levels of the candidate target genes were compared between the dorsal, striped fin regions and the corresponding uniform, grey-colored regions in the anal and ventral caudal fin. Dorso-ventral expression differences, with elevated levels in both white and black stripes, were observed in two genes, the melanosome protein coding genepmeland inigsf11, which affects melanophore adhesion, migration and survival. Next, we predicted potential shared upstream regulators ofpmelandigsf11. Testing the expression patterns of six predicted transcriptions factors revealed dorso-ventral expression difference ofirf1and significant, negative expression correlation ofirf1with bothpmelandigsf11. Based on these results, we proposepmel,igsf11andirf1as likely components of the genetic mechanism controlling distinct dorso-ventral color patterns inN. meelifins.
Determining virus-host interactions and glycerol metabolism profiles in geographically diverse solar salterns with metagenomics
Authors: Moller Abraham G. , Liang Chun
Published: January 2017

Solar salterns are excellent model ecosystems for studying virus-microbial interactions because of their low microbial diversity, environmental stability, and high viral density. By using the power of CRISPR spacers to link viruses to their prokaryotic hosts, we explored virus-host interactions in geographically diverse salterns. Using taxonomic profiling, we identified hosts such as archaeal Haloquadratum, Halorubrum, and Haloarcula and bacterial Salinibacter, and we found that community composition related to not only salinity but also local environmental dynamics. Characterizing glycerol metabolism genes in these metagenomes suggested Halorubrum and Haloquadratum possess most dihydroxyacetone kinase genes while Salinibacter possesses most glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes. Using two different methods, we detected fewer CRISPR spacers in Haloquadratum-dominated compared with Halobacteriaceae-dominated saltern metagenomes. After CRISPR detection, spacers were aligned against haloviral genomes to map virus to host. While most alignments for each saltern metagenome linked viruses to Haloquadratum walsbyi, there were also alignments indicating interactions with the low abundance taxa Haloarcula and Haloferax. Further examination of the dinucleotide and trinucleotide usage differences between paired viruses and their hosts confirmed viruses and hosts had similar nucleotide usage signatures. Detection of cas genes in the salterns supported the possibility of CRISPR activity. Taken together, our studies suggest similar virus-host interactions exist in different solar salterns and that the glycerol metabolism gene dihydroxyacetone kinase is associated with Haloquadratum and Halorubrum.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of an endemic monotypic genusHagenia(Rosaceae): structural comparative analysis, gene content and microsatellite detection
Authors: Gichira Andrew W. , Li Zhizhong , Saina Josphat K. , Long Zhicheng , Hu Guangwan , Gituru Robert W. , Wang Qingfeng , Chen Jinming
Published: January 2017

Hageniais an endangered monotypic genus endemic to the topical mountains of Africa. The only species,Hagenia abyssinica(Bruce) J.F. Gmel, is an important medicinal plant producing bioactive compounds that have been traditionally used by African communities as a remedy for gastrointestinal ailments in both humans and animals. Complete chloroplast genomes have been applied in resolving phylogenetic relationships within plant families. We employed high-throughput sequencing technologies to determine the complete chloroplast genome sequence ofH. abyssinica.The genome is a circular molecule of 154,961 base pairs (bp), with a pair of Inverted Repeats (IR) 25,971 bp each, separated by two single copies; a large (LSC, 84,320 bp) and a small single copy (SSC, 18,696).H. abyssinica’s chloroplast genome has a 37.1% GC content and encodes 112 unique genes, 78 of which code for proteins, 30 are tRNA genes and four are rRNA genes. A comparative analysis with twenty other species, sequenced to-date from the family Rosaceae, revealed similarities in structural organization, gene content and arrangement. The observed size differences are attributed to the contraction/expansion of the inverted repeats. The translational initiation factor gene (infA) which had been previously reported in other chloroplast genomes was conspicuously missing inH. abyssinica. A total of 172 microsatellites and 49 large repeat sequences were detected in the chloroplast genome. A Maximum Likelihood analyses of 71 protein-coding genes placedHageniain Rosoideae. The availability of a complete chloroplast genome, the first in the Sanguisorbeae tribe, is beneficial for further molecular studies on taxonomic and phylogenomic resolution within the Rosaceae family.
Aggregations and parental care in the Early Triassic basal cynodontsGalesaurus planicepsandThrinaxodon liorhinus
Authors: Jasinoski Sandra C. , Abdala Fernando
Published: January 2017

Non-mammaliaform cynodonts gave rise to mammals but the reproductive biology of this extinct group is still poorly known. Two exceptional fossils ofGalesaurus planicepsandThrinaxodon liorhinus, consisting of juveniles closely associated with an adult, were briefly described more than 50 years ago as examples of parental care in non-mammaliaform cynodonts. However, these two Early Triassic fossils have largely been excluded from recent discussions of parental care in the fossil record. Here we re-analyse these fossils in the context of an extensive survey of other aggregations found in these two basal cynodont taxa. Our analysis revealed six other unequivocal cases of aggregations inThrinaxodon, with examples of same-age aggregations among immature or adult individuals as well as mixed-age aggregations between subadult and adult individuals. In contrast, only one additional aggregation ofGalesauruswas identified. Taking this comprehensive survey into account, the two previously described cases of parental care inGalesaurusandThrinaxodonare substantiated. The juveniles are the smallest specimens known for each taxon, and the size difference between the adult and the two associated juveniles is the largest found for any of the aggregations. The juveniles ofThrinaxodonare approximately only 37% of the associated adult size; whereas inGalesaurus, the young are at least 60% of the associated adult size. In each case, the two juvenile individuals are similar in size, suggesting they were from the same clutch. Even though parental care was present in bothGalesaurusandThrinaxodon, intraspecific aggregations were much more common inThrinaxodon, suggesting it regularly lived in aggregations consisting of both similar and different aged individuals.
Is an isolated fetal cardiac echogenic focus an indication for fetal echocardiography?
Authors: Barsoom M J , Feldman D M , Borgida A F , Esters D , Diana D , Egan J F
Published: January 2017

To determine whether the presence of an isolated fetal cardiac echogenic focus should be an indication for fetal echocardiography.

We reviewed our fetal echocardiography and obstetrics databases from January 1992 through July 1999. The study groups were formulated from patients referred for fetal echocardiography. Patients referred for echocardiography because of a single isolated fetal cardiac echogenic focus were compared with patients referred for other indications. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated for an isolated echogenic focus as a marker for structural cardiac abnormalities as detected by fetal echocardiography.

Of 10,406 fetuses seen for ultrasonography, 1908 had fetal echocardiography. Cardiac abnormalities were identified in 3.4% (65 of 1908) of the fetuses that had echocardiography. The prevalence of an isolated echogenic focus was 2.2% (230 of 10,406) and was the indication in 12.1% (230 of 1908) of our echocardiograms. Only 1 of the 230 fetuses with an isolated echogenic focus had a structural cardiac defect (membranous ventricular septal defect). An isolated echogenic focus as a marker for congenital cardiac defects resulted in sensitivity and specificity of 1.5% and 87.6%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 0.4% and 96.2%, respectively The relative risk for an echogenic focus in predicting congenital cardiac defects was 0.11 (95% confidence interval, 0.02‐0.82). CONDUSIONS: An isolated fetal cardiac echogenic focus is not an efficacious marker for congenital cardiac defects. It should not be the sole indication for fetal echocardiography.
Can the dimensions of artificial tendon lesions be predicted ultrasonographically? A cadaveric study.
Authors: Kovacs P , Behensky H , Lottersberger C , Bodner G , Brenner E , Moriggl B
Published: January 2017

To prove the reliable assessment of artificial partial tendon lesions in cadavers.

The tendon of the tibialis anterior muscle was cut twice (transversely, not standardized depths) along its dorsal surface. The dimensions were measured by using a 10‐MHz linear probe and a gliding caliper. The lesions were classified as type A tears (<60%; n = 15) and type B tears (>60%; n = 28).

The depths of type A tears had high correlation (r = 0.827), and those of type B tears had low correlation (r = 0.415). This low correlation was due to subtotal lesions (50%‐70%; r = 0.699). High‐resolution ultrasonography allowed the correct detection of 14 type A tears and 21 type B tears (kappa = 0.63; accuracy, 81%; type B tears: sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 93%).

High‐resolution ultrasonography is able to assess the dimensions of artificial partial tendon lesions in cadavers and would be an accurate tool for determining the lesion percentages in patients with partial tendon tears.