bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Improved Adaptive Human Learning Optimization Algorithm with Reasoning Learning
Authors: Zhang Pinggai , Hu Baoling , Li Dengji , Wang Quanle , Zhou Yi
Published: May 2022

Human Learning Optimization (HLO) is a simple yet highly efficient metaheuristic developed based on a simplified human learning model. To further extend the research of HLO, the social reasoning learning operator (SRLO) is introduced. However, the learning ability of social imitating learning operator (SILO) and SRLO is constant in the process of iterations, which is not true in a real human population as humans often adopt dynamic learning strategies to solve the problem. Inspired by this fact, an improved adaptive human learning optimization algorithm with reasoning learning (AHLORL) is proposed to enhance the global search ability, in which an adaptive ps strategy is carefully designed to sufficiently motivate the roles of SILO and SRLO and dynamically adjust the learning efficiency of the algorithm at different stages of iterations. Then, a comprehensive parameter study is performed to explain why the proposed adaptive strategy can exploit the optimization ability of SILO and SRLO effectively. Finally, the AHLORL is applied to solve the CEC 15 benchmark functions as well as multidimensional knapsack problems (MKPs), and its performance is compared with the previous HLO variants as well as the other recent metaheuristics. The experimental results show that the proposed AHLORL outperforms the other algorithms in terms of search accuracy and scalability.
Investigation of Heat Transfer and Pressure Distribution in Power Law Fluids Flowing through a Rectangular Channel Blocked by a Single Heated Circular Cylinder at Inlet
Authors: Elhag S.H. , Memon Abid A. , Bhayo Bilawal A. , Bhatti Kaleemullah , Memon M. Asif , Jacob Kavikumar , Bayones Fatimah S. , Seidu Jamel
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the flow of a power law fluid has been investigated for Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids with the temperature distribution in a rectangular channel containing a heated circular cylinder near the inlet with different blockage ratios. The generalized non‐Newtonian power law model coupled with the energy equation is solved numerically, considering power law index in the range of 0.8 ≤ n ≤ 1.2 and Reynolds number in the range from 1000 to 10000. A heated circular cylinder is fixed near the inlet of the channel with blockage ratios (from radius to the height of the channel) of 1 : 10, 2 : 10, and 3 : 10 The governing partial differential equations coupled with energy equation are discretized to investigate the simulation of the current problem with finite element‐based software of COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4. The results are shown with the help of surface plots, tables, and graphs. The computational results for maximum and minimum pressure around the cylinder, temperature along the center line of the cylinder, and local Nusselt number are specially discussed in detail.
Dietary Fatty Acid Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome via the TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway Affects Chondrocyte Pyroptosis
Authors: Jin Xin , Dong Xin , Sun Yingxu , Liu Ziyu , Liu Li , Gu Hailun
Published: May 2022

Dietary fatty acid (FA) content and type have different effects on obesity-associated osteoarthritis (OA), but the mechanisms underlying these differences are not fully understood. Inflammation activated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor- (NF-) κB signaling and pyroptosis induced by the NLRP3/caspase-1/gasdermin D (GSDMD) signaling pathway play important roles in OA development. Our aim in this study was to observe the effects of dietary FAs on the articular cartilage of obese post-traumatic OA model mice and on chondrocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to determine whether the underlying mechanisms involve TLR4/NF-κB and NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathways. Mice were fed high-fat diets rich in various FAs and underwent surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus to establish the obesity-related post-traumatic OA model. LPS-induced SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells were used to mimic OA status in vitro, and TLR4 inhibitors or TLR4 overexpressing lentivirus was administered. Analysis using weight-matched mice and multiple regression models revealed that OA was associated with dietary FA content and serum inflammatory factor levels, but not body weight. Diets rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) attenuated OA and inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB and NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathways, whereas diets rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), or n-6 PUFAs increased OA severity and activated these pathways. In vitro results for SFAs, n-6 PUFAs, and n-3 PUFAs were consistent with the animal experiments. However, those for MUFAs were not. FA effects on the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway were associated with the inhibition or activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway. In conclusion, diets rich in SFAs or n-6 PUFAs can exacerbate obesity-associated OA, whereas those rich in n-3 PUFAs have protective effects against this disease, due to their respective pro-/anti-inflammatory and pyroptotic effects. Further research on dietary FA supplements as a potential therapeutic approach for OA is needed.
α and γ Alumina Spheres for Azo Dye (Allura Red) Removal from Aqueous Media
Authors: Torres-Pérez Jonatan , Medellín-Castillo Nahum , Reyes-López Simón Yobanny
Published: May 2022

Allura red or Red 40 (R40) is a dye widely used in the food, textile, and pharmaceutical industries; it is considered dangerous because it is soluble in water, and it has high toxicity and resistance to natural degradation. Several advanced wastewater treatments have been shown to be effective for R40 removal but some of them present disadvantages such as by-products obtention, high energy consumption, and high cost of the reactants used in the removal process. In the present work, α-Alumina (Alu) and γ-Alu spheres were synthesized by the encapsulation method. The prepared spheres were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM/EDS, and SBET, and it was determined the presence of only inorganic bonds from ceramic material, and the amorphous alumina was observed in spheres with a smooth and uniform surface and with pores. R40 adsorption kinetics and isotherms were performed, as well as material regeneration for consequent sorption cycles. Sorption tests for R40 removal were carried out under different conditions of initial concentration, pH value, and the presence of interfering ions. The maximal sorption capacity of the synthetized α- and γ-Alu spheres were situated between 0.1765 and 18.9865 mg/g. Different kinetic and isothermal equations were applied and finally, the experimental data was described by Elovich and Freundlich models. The γ-Alu spheres after five heat treatment regeneration cycles showed stable behavior and potential re-use in new sorption processes with R40 removal >97.7% at pH 3 and >85.6% at [Formula: see text] =10 mg/L. The obtained results showed that the γ-Alu spheres are novel, alternative, and sustainable synthesized materials for the advanced treatment of wastewater by adsorption process for the removal of Allura red azo dye in aqueous media.
Two Cases of Post-Traumatic Mucormycosis due to Mucor circinelloides: Salvage Therapy with a Combination of Adjunctive Therapies
Authors: De Paepe A. , Dams K. , Robert D. , Jacobs R. , Ten Kate G. L. , Van Ierssel S. , Jansens H. , Lammens M. , Van Beeck A. , Jorens P. G.
Published: May 2022

Mucormycosis is a rare, emerging angioinvasive infection caused by ubiquitous filamentous fungi. In recent decades, an increase in cutaneous or post-traumatic mucormycosis has been reported. We describe two cases of post-traumatic wound infections with Mucor circinelloides, a mucor species only rarely reported as a cause of post-traumatic mucormycosis. Often considered lethal, management required a combination of medical and surgical therapies to achieve a favorable outcome in both cases.
Approximating Fixed Points of Enriched Nonexpansive Mappings in Geodesic Spaces
Authors: Shukla Rahul , Panicker Rekha
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we consider the class of enriched nonexpansive mappings in the setting of geodesic spaces. We obtain a number of fixed point theorems for these mappings in geodesic spaces. Further, we employ the SP iterative method and present some new convergence theorems for the class of enriched nonexpansive mappings under different assumptions. We present some results concerning

Δ

and strong convergence.
Dynamic Reliability Evaluation on Foundation of Stone Cutting Machine under Ambient Excitation
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Fu Qiang , Shi Jiarui , Li Xiao , Cai Xueji , Meng Zilong , Mi Jiyi
Published: May 2022

Dynamic reliability evaluation on foundation of stone cutting machine is usually affected by ambient background noise. In this paper, a nested evaluation approach of dynamic reliability is conducted for handling this complex situation. After getting the detected data, a fast identified process is available for fastly identifying the dynamic parameter foundation of stone cutting machine by using the peak-picking method, in which the natural frequency of foundation is able to be first identified by the equivalent frequency response function for the self-power spectrum of the foundation; subsequently, the damping ratio of the foundation, on the basis of the previous result of natural frequency, is identified by the half-power broadband technology; eventually, after obtaining these dynamic parameters identified, the failure probability of the foundation and its corresponding dynamic reliability index, under ambient excitation, is capable to be calculated based on the first-passage probability of the maximum response. An example of stone cutting machine foundation with engineering background is investigated in detail, and its result diagrams calculated by the proposed approach can be demonstrated that the foundation of stone cutting machine is safe and reliable in the current environment. The proposed method, in this paper, provides an effective path for evaluating the foundation reliability of stone cutting machine under ambient excitation.
Nonlinear Convective SiO2 and TiO2 Hybrid Nanofluid Flow over an Inclined Stretched Surface
Authors: Sehrish  , Shah Said Anwar , Mouldi Abir , Sene Ndolane
Published: May 2022

The hybrid nanofluid is extensively used in manufacturing commercial applications due to its high exceptional capacity to increase the heat transfer rate. As a result, in the existence of nonlinear convection, the hybrid nanofluid is considered to flow on an inclined plane. The nonlinear convection has many applications in real life and is more relevant to the natural flow avoiding the flow restrictions. The focus has been executed on the thermal and mass Grashof numbers to analyse the fluid motion in the presence of these parameters for nonlinear nature. Moreover, the hybrid nanofluid flow analysis has been done to investigate the heat transfer analysis. The modelled equations are solved through an analytical approach. The heat and mass transfer rates and drag force are calculated under the influence of various physical parameters. The new parameter of the Grashof numbers improves the fluid motion for its larger values, and consequently, the fluid rapidly falls down from the inclined plane. The obtained outputs show that hybrid nanofluids are more effective in heat transfer analysis as compared to other conventional fluids.
Thyroid Signaling Biomarkers in Female Symptomatic Hypothyroid Patients on Liothyronine versus Levothyroxine Monotherapy: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Bjerkreim Betty Ann , Hammerstad Sara Salehi , Gulseth Hanne Løvdal , Berg Tore Julsrud , Lee-Ødegård Sindre , Eriksen Erik Fink
Published: May 2022

Background. Levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are believed to reflect degree of disease in patients with hypothyroidism, and normalization of levels is the treatment goal. However, despite adequate levels of TSH after starting levothyroxine (LT4) therapy, 5–10% of hypothyroid patients complain of persisting symptoms with a significant negative impact on quality of life. This indicates that TSH is not an optimal indicator of intracellular thyroid hormone effects in all patients. Our aim was to investigate different effects of LT3 and LT4 monotherapy on other biomarkers of the thyroid signaling pathway, in addition to adverse effects, in patients with residual hypothyroid symptoms. Methods. Fifty-nine female hypothyroid patients, with residual symptoms on LT4 monotherapy or LT4/liothyronine (LT3) combination therapy, were randomly assigned in a non-blinded crossover study and received LT4 or LT3 monotherapy for 12 weeks each. Measurements, including serum analysis of a number of biochemical and hormonal parameters, were obtained at the baseline visit and after both treatment periods. Results. Free thyroxine (FT4) was higher in the LT4 group, while free triiodothyronine (FT3) was higher in the LT3 group. The levels of reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) decreased after LT3 treatment compared with LT4 treatment. Both low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol levels were reduced, while sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) increased after LT3 treatment compared with LT4 treatment. The median TSH levels for both treatment groups were within the reference range, however, lower in the LT4 group than in the LT3 group. We did not find any differences in pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT pro-BNP), handgrip strength, bone turnover markers, or adverse events between the two treatment groups. Conclusion. We have demonstrated that FT4, FT3, rT3, cholesterol, and SHBG show significantly different values on LT4 treatment compared with LT3 treatment in women with hypothyroidism and residual symptoms despite normal TSH levels. No differences in general or bone-specific adverse effects were demonstrated. This trial is registered with NCT03627611 in May 2018.
The Shared Transportation Industry in China: Examining the Influence of Regional Environmental Factors on New Venture Formation
Authors: Zhou Yan , Park Sangmoon , Zhang Justin Zuopeng , Rong Xin
Published: May 2022

China’s shared transportation industry is leading innovation, driving employment, and promoting regional economic growth. China’s aggressive efforts to promote the development of various transportation sectors motivate our investigation of this emerging industry. We examine the influence of regional environmental factors on new venture formation using a dataset encompassing newly established bike-sharing startups in 257 cities in China from 2015 to 2019. The empirical results show that entrepreneurial capital, entrepreneurial support policies, and urban auxiliary infrastructure positively impact the formation of new ventures. However, no significant relationship exists between industrial policy, competitive urban infrastructure, and new business formation. This study expands the scope of the existing research studying the characteristics of entrepreneurial space, offers inspiration for future startups entering the field of shared transportation in choosing entrepreneurial locations, and provides theoretical guidance for the government in formulating policies to attract entrepreneurial activities.
An Efficient Data Classification Decision Based on Multimodel Deep Learning
Authors: Hu Wenjin , Liu Feng , Peng Jiebo
Published: May 2022

A single model is often used to classify text data, but the generalization effect of a single model on text data sets is poor. To improve the model classification accuracy, a method is proposed that is based on a deep neural network (DNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), and convolutional neural network (CNN) and integrates multiple models trained by a deep learning network architecture to obtain a strong text classifier. Additionally, to increase the flexibility and accuracy of the model, various optimizer algorithms are used to train data sets. Moreover, to reduce the interference in the classification results caused by stop words in the text data, data preprocessing and text feature vector representation are used before training the model to improve its classification accuracy. The final experimental results show that the proposed model fusion method can achieve not only improved classification accuracy but also good classification effects on a variety of data sets.
Adaptive Resource Allocation of Vehicles under Dynamic Environment
Authors: Du Lei , Huo Ru , Sun Chuang , Wang Shuo , Guo Jie , Huang Tao
Published: May 2022

With the rapid development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), the capabilities and intelligence of vehicles are rapidly increasing, which will have the potential to support a large number of services for the users of vehicles. However, taking into account the mobility of the vehicle, how to combine the computing resources from nearby vehicles with high mobility and RSUs to provide services collaboratively is a crucial problem. In this paper, we propose an adaptive allocation scheme of computing resources to allocate the resources more reasonably. First, the vehicular mobility model is built to predict the trajectory of vehicles. Second, the sub-networks to execute the V2V communication are constructed according to the prediction of trajectory. Third, the allocation of computing resources from nearby vehicles and RSUs is formulated as an optimization problem and the intelligent optimization algorithm is employed to deal with it. The relative experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Association of Prediagnostic Statin Use with Aggressive Prostate Cancer from the Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Fei , Wan Peggy , R. Wilkens Lynne , Le Marchand Loïc , A. Haiman Christopher
Published: May 2022

Background:

There is a growing body of evidence supporting the protective effect of statins on the risk of prostate cancer, in particular aggressive disease. Past research has mostly been conducted in North American cohorts of White men.

Methods:

In the multiethnic cohort (MEC), we investigated the association of prediagnostic statin use with the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer across five racial/ethnic groups (White, African American, Japanese American, Latino, and Native Hawaiian).

Results:

Among 31,062 male participants who completed a detailed medication questionnaire, 31.4% reported use of statins, 2,748 developed prostate cancer, and 261 died from the disease. After adjusting for potential confounders, prediagnostic statin use was associated with a 32% lower risk of fatal prostate cancer [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.50–0.91], with the inverse association suggested consistently across the five racial/ethnic groups. Moreover, an 11% lower risk of aggressive prostate cancer (95% CI = 0.76–1.03) was observed in statin users than in nonusers. We found no statistically significant association between prediagnostic statin use and total prostate cancer or nonaggressive disease. Prediagnostic statin use was suggestively associated with a 19% reduction in prostate cancer–specific mortality (95% CI = 0.59–1.10) and an 8% reduction in all-cause mortality (95% CI = 0.79–1.07).

Conclusions:

In the MEC, prediagnostic use of statin was associated with lower risks of aggressive forms of prostate cancer.

Impact:

Our findings provide further support for the potential benefits of statins in reducing the risk and mortality of prostate cancer, especially aggressive disease.
Predictors of Incident Serrated Polyps: Results from a Large Multicenter Clinical Trial
Authors: Crockett Seth D. , Barry Elizabeth L. , Mott Leila A. , Snover Dale C. , Wallace Kristin , Baron John A.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Serrated polyps (SP) are important colorectal cancer precursors, yet their epidemiology is incompletely understood. We measured risk factors for incident sessile-serrated lesions (SSL) and microvesicular (MVHP) and goblet-cell rich (GCHP) hyperplastic polyp subtypes.

Methods:

We conducted a cohort study of patients undergoing colonoscopic surveillance nested within a chemoprevention trial. Outcomes of interest were ≥1 SPs, including SSLs, MVHPs, and GCHPs specifically. Multivariable generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for different polyp types.

Results:

Among 2,102 participants, a total of 1,615 SPs (including 212 SSLs) were found among 758 participants during follow-up. Prior history of SPs was strongly associated with subsequent occurrence of SPs. There was no apparent association between age, sex, or education and risk of SPs. Black participants were at lower risk of SSLs and MVHPs, but higher risk of GCHPs compared with white participants [RR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.16–0.99); RR, 0.63 (95% CI, 0.42–0.96); and RR, 1.83 (95% CI, 1.23–2.72) respectively]. Alcohol and smoking exposure were also associated with SPs, including hyperplastic polyp subtypes in particular.

Conclusions:

In this prospective study, the risk of SP subtypes differed by race, alcohol, and smoking status, and prior history of SPs. Risk factor associations for SPs differ from risk factors for conventional adenomas, supporting the concept of etiologic heterogeneity of colorectal cancer.

Impact:

These findings allow for better risk stratification of patients undergoing colorectal cancer screening and could inform screening test selection.
Immunologic Features in De Novo and Recurrent Glioblastoma Are Associated with Survival Outcomes
Authors: Alanio Cécile , Binder Zev A. , Chang Renee B. , Nasrallah MacLean P. , Delman Devora , Li Joey H. , Tang Oliver Y. , Zhang Logan Y. , Zhang Jiasi Vicky , Wherry E. John , O'Rourke Donald M. , Beatty Gregory L.
Published: May 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an immunologically “cold” tumor characterized by poor responsiveness to immunotherapy. Standard of care for GBM is surgical resection followed by chemoradiotherapy and maintenance chemotherapy. However, tumor recurrence is the norm, and recurring tumors are found frequently to have acquired molecular changes (e.g., mutations) that may influence their immunobiology. Here, we compared the immune contexture of de novo GBM and recurrent GBM (rGBM) using high-dimensional cytometry and multiplex IHC. Although myeloid and T cells were similarly abundant in de novo and rGBM, their spatial organization within tumors differed and was linked to outcomes. In rGBM, T cells were enriched and activated in perivascular regions and clustered with activated macrophages and fewer regulatory T cells. Moreover, a higher expression of phosphorylated STAT1 by T cells in these regions at recurrence was associated with a favorable prognosis. Together, our data identify differences in the immunobiology of de novo GBM and rGBM and identify perivascular T cells as potential therapeutic targets.

See related Spotlight by Bayik et al., p. 787
Novel “T-Dimension” Therapies for Pediatric Optic Pathway Glioma: A Timely, Targeted, and Tailored Treatment Trend
Authors: Giotta Lucifero Alice , Elbabaa Samer K. , Baldoncini Matias , Bruno Nunzio , Savasta Salvatore , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Luzzi Sabino
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Novel targeted and tailored therapies can substantially improve the prognosis for optic pathway glioma (OPG), especially when implemented in a timely manner. However, their tremendous potential remains underestimated. Therefore, in this study, we provide an updated overview of the clinical trials, current trends, and future perspectives for OPG’s novel therapeutic strategies. Methods: We completed an extensive literature review using the PubMed, MEDLINE, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. We analyzed and reported the data following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: Thioguanine, procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine/vinblastine, as well as cisplatin-etoposide, provided excellent results in advanced-phase trials. Selumetinib and trametinib, two oral MEK inhibitors, have been approved for recurrent or refractory OPGs in association with the angiogenetic inhibitor bevacizumab. Among the mTOR inhibitors, everolimus and sirolimus showed the best results. Stereotactic radiosurgery and proton beam radiation therapy have advantages over conventional radiotherapy regimens. Timely treatment is imperative for acute visual symptoms with evidence of tumor progression. This latest evidence can help define a novel “T-Dimension” for pediatric OPG therapies. Conclusion: The novel “T-Dimension” for pediatric OPGs is based on recent evidence-based treatments, including combination chemotherapy regimens, molecular targeted therapies, stereotactic radiosurgery, and proton beam radiation therapy. Additional clinical trials are essential for validating each of these new therapies.
Prevalence of Postoperative Complications of Autologous and Heterologous Cranioplasty in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Zaed Ismail , Faedo Francesca , Chibbaro Salvatore , Cannizzaro Delia , Tomei Massimo , Servadei Franco , Cardia Andrea
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Cranial reconstruction (CR) is a neurosurgical procedure performed to restore the cranial vault after a decompressive craniectomy. There are contrasting reports from the literature about the complications related to the use of heterologous materials for CR in the pediatric population. In this study, the authors try to better define such a rate of adverse events for autologous and heterologous materials. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of articles published up to December 2021 was performed. Studies were included if they reported the specific use of cranioplasty materials following craniectomy in patients younger than 18 years of age and had a minimum follow-up of at least 1 year. Results: A total of 20 studies were selected. A total of 544 cases were included, of which 422 (77.6%) were with heterologous materials and 122 (22.4%) with autologous bone. The mean average age was 9.5 years. Polyetheretherketone and polymethylmethacrylate reported 29% and 33.3%, respectively, of complications, but only 3% and 5.6% of surgical revision. PHA reported a rate of 11.9%. Titanium reported 9.2% of complications and 4.1% of surgical revisions. Porous polyethylene had a complication rate of 36.4% and a revision rate of 0%. Conclusion: There is still no perfect material for CR. It seems that heterologous materials are superior to autologous bone for CR in children, and we may consider, whenever economic conditions will allow it, to use alloplastic material as first-line in small children.
Heartbroken Child: A Rare Case Report of Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema and Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy following Recurrent Medulloblastoma Excision with Possible Aetio-Patho-Bio-Physiological Mechanisms
Authors: Siroya Hardik Lalit , Uppar Alok Mohan , Madhugiri Venkatesh S. , Devi Bhagavatula Indira
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Takotsubo (Japanese fishing pot for trapping octopus) cardiomyopathy is a rare phenomenon of acute coronary syndrome presenting usually with the presence of transient apical ballooning of the left ventricle in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. It is mainly seen in women of older age secondary to emotional, physical, or psychological stress. In age less than 18 years, it is mainly seen in adolescents suffering from psychiatric disorders and substance abuse. In children, it is rarely described. Case Presentation: We present here a peculiar case of a 12-year-old child with neurogenic pulmonary oedema and takotsubo cardiomyopathy syndrome after surgery for recurrent medulloblastoma. Also, management challenges are discussed. Discussion/Conclusion: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is not just a classical or inverted type but indeed a spectrum. It can be seen in any case, be it a child or adult secondary to handling or injury to the ponto-medullary junction, rostral pons, or dorsolateral medulla. The density and distribution of beta-adrenergic receptors may be different in children and adults which needs further research. Prognosis is usually excellent across all ages.
ГЕНЕРАЛІЗОВАНА ФОРМА ХВОРОБИ ВІД КОТЯЧИХ ПОДРЯПИН НА ФОНІ ІМУНОДЕФІЦИТУ З УРАЖЕННЯМ ПЕЧІНКИ
Authors: Малий В. П. , Асоян І.М.
Published: May 2022

Наведено опис клінічного випадку генералізованої форми хвороби від котячих подряпин (ХКП) на фоні імунодефіциту.

У пацієнта спостерігався типовий перебіг ХКП, який спочатку проявлявся симптомами загальної інтоксикації, гарячки, реґіонарним лімфаденітом зі збільшенням пахвового лімфатичного вузла на стороні подряпини та лімфаденітами внутрішніх органів.

Разом з тим, у хворого на тлі тяжкого преморбідного фону та імуносупресії виникла генералізація інфекції – системний варіант ХКП, що проявлявся у вигляді ураження легень (плеврит), печінки (гранульоматозний гепатит), селезінки (абсцеси з подальшим їх розсмоктуванням та фіброзуванням), а також різними гематологічними проявами: анемія, тромбоцитопенія.

Такий системний характер перебігу ХКП був помилково трактований спеціалістами як ймовірний криптогенний сепсис.
РОЛЬ ОЖИРІННЯ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ ТОПОГРАФІЇ ЖИРОВОЇ ТКАНИНИ В ПЕРЕБІГУ ЦУКРОВОГО ДІАБЕТУ 2-ГО ТИПУ
Authors: Пасієшвілі Л. М. , Марченко А. С. , Загребельська А. В. , Малик Н. В. , Карая О. В.
Published: May 2022

РЕЗЮМЕ. Жирову тканину на сьогодні розглядають як ендокринний орган у зв’язку з розвитком метаболічних порушень та поділяють її на два види – білу та буру. Ожиріння супроводжується змінами у ліпідному, білковому, вуглеводному та мінеральному обмінах, а також порушенням гормональної функції жирової тканини. Вважають, що саме білий жир визначає метаболічні зсуви та ураження органів-мішеней. Найнесприятливіший вплив ожиріння має на перебіг цукрового діабету (ЦД). Доведено, що надмірна вага – провокувальний фактор у розвитку ЦД.
Мета – оцінити стан ліпідного та вуглеводного обміну у хворих ЦД 2-го типу з урахуванням стадії ожиріння та топографії жирової тканини.
Матеріал і методи. Для діагностики ожиріння (ОЖ) застосовували класифікаційні критерії ВООЗ (1997) із визначенням індексу маси тіла (ІМТ) за формулою Кетле. Розподіл жирової тканини та відсоткове співвідношення вісцерального та підшкірного пулу жирової тканини досліджували за допомогою апарату OMRON BF511 (Японія). Стан ліпідного обміну оцінювали за вмістом загального холестерину сироватки крові, тригліцеридів, холестерину ліпопротеїдів високої щільності та холестерину ліпопротеїдів низької щильності.
Результати. Встановлено, що підвищення маси тіла супроводжується збільшенням обох складових жирової тканини, але здебільшого за рахунок вісцерального пулу, вміст якого зростає у 2,7 раза, проти підшкірної жирової тканини – збільшується у 1,8 раза. Перебіг ЦД 2-го типу призводить до порушення вуглеводного та жирового обмінів. Зміни в останньому корелюють зі стадією ожиріння та топографією жирової тканини.
Висновки. Ожиріння у хворих ЦД 2-го типу відбувається на тлі збільшення вмісту жирової тканини здебільшого за рахунок вісцерального пулу. Виявлена пряма кореляційна залежність між стадією ожиріння та топографічним розподілом жирової тканини. ЦД 2-го типу супроводжується розвитком гіперліпідемії, вираження якої корелює з ІМТ та накопиченням вісцерального жиру.
Стоматологічний статус 15-річних школярів Івано-Франківської області
Authors: Данильців Л. О. , Рожко М. М.
Published: May 2022

Резюме. Індексна оцінка стоматологічного статусу сприяє спостереженню за здоров’ям ротової порожнини з метою збору інформації, моніторингу змін, оцінювання ефективності надання медичної допомоги та планування послуг з охорони ротової порожнини в рамках міжгалузевої профілактичної політики на основі медико-соціальних детермінант здоров’я.
Мета дослідження – визначити рівень поширеності та інтенсивності карієсу постійних зубів у 15-річних підлітків.
Матеріали і методи. Обстежено 180 підлітків 15-річного віку в навчальних закладах Івано-Франківської області. Стан твердих тканин зубів оцінювали за допомогою показників поширеності, інтенсивності, рівня інтенсивності карієсу постійних зубів. Структуру показника КПВ аналізували за його складовими компонентами. Розраховували потребу дітей у лікуванні карієсу.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Результати дослідження засвідчили високий рівень ураженості карієсом постійних зубів 15-річних підлітків. У значної частини школярів виявлено високий та дуже високий рівень інтенсивності карієсу постійних зубів. Висока питома вага компонента «К» та високий показник потреби у лікуванні вказували на необхідність проведення профілактичних та лікувальних заходів на ранніх етапах виникнення карієсу.
Висновки. Клінічна оцінка стану постійних зубів у дітей 15 років свідчила про високий рівень поширеності уражень твердих тканин зубів карієсом на тлі високої інтенсивності. Високий відсоток нелікованих каріозних порожнин, наявність видалених постійних зубів унаслідок ускладнень карієсу, висока потреба в стоматологічному лікуванні вказували на негативні тенденції зміни стоматологічного статусу шкільної молоді та необхідність проведення профілактичних та лікувальних заходів на ранніх етапах виникнення карієсу.
O espaço intersticial e a transferência de trabalho na instituição
Authors: Moreira Lara Mundim , Castanho Pablo , Moretto Maria Lívia Tourinho
Published: May 2022

Em uma instituição de saúde, é possível encontrar certa especificidade nas trocas que acontecem para além de prontuários e reuniões formais. Tais interações, que ocorrem nos denominados espaços intersticiais, constituem terreno fértil ao comparecimento de elementos e posições inviabilizadas na lógica discursiva engendrada nos espaços formais da instituição. Desta forma, convém ao psicanalista não só a escuta daquilo que é próprio de tais espaços, como também que esteja advertido dos riscos que eles comportam por favorecerem processos de homogeneização de discursividades. Encontramos na proposta da transferência de trabalho e no dispositivo do cartel uma aposta no sentido de favorecer o trabalho do psicanalista em sua vertente institucional e sustentar uma espécie de incompletude fazendo frente àquilo que, diante das incertezas e angústias do trabalho, caminha rumo à homogeneização inviabilizadora do caso.
Efeitos do diagnóstico de psicopatologia na infância para a relação mãe-bebê
Authors: Tibiriçá Vanessa Ayres , Couto Daniela Paula do , Mamede Nayara Dias , Caversan Helena de Almeida Cardoso , Silva Mardem Leandro , Teodoro Elizabeth Fátima
Published: May 2022

Para a psicanálise, a constituição subjetiva remonta ao que se estabelece nos encontros e desencontros no seio familiar, os quais originam um vínculo nomeado relação mãe-bebê. A partir de uma investigação teórica, o artigo sustenta a hipótese de que o estabelecimento de um diagnóstico psicopatológico no período inicial de vida do bebê pode provocar problemas no vínculo, relacionados tanto a uma dificuldade da mãe em exercer a função materna, quanto a um embaraço do bebê em responder ao Outro materno. Assim, ao propor uma intervenção a tempo com o bebê e os pais, a psicanálise possibilita construir uma saída que envolve recuperar essa relação, de modo a fortalecer o vínculo e buscar um novo lugar para esse bebê no desejo do Outro.
A neoborda autística em Temple Grandin
Authors: Oliveira Julianne Gomes Correia de , Vorcaro Angela Maria Resende
Published: May 2022

A literatura testemunhal de autistas aponta para modalidades singulares pelas quais esses sujeitos sustentam sua existência. Nesses escritos, podemos constatar, de modo inexorável, a complexidade da trama de uma solução bordejante para a angústia corporal que eles sentem. Encontramos no testemunho de Temple Grandrin o embaraço de um sujeito autista na tentativa de fazer um corpo, mediante a construção de um aparelho capaz de apaziguar seu caos sensório-corporal. Objetivamos, com este artigo, analisar o testemunho de Grandin a partir da invenção de sua squeeze machine e em virtude da função que esta desempenhou na construção de uma neoborda. Podemos atestar que, após o uso constante desse dispositivo, Grandin constituiu bordas corporais que lhe possibilitaram barrar o gozo e a incidência do Outro, apaziguando, assim, sua angústia. Para tratar desse nível de refinamento da borda, recorremos ao conceito de neoborda, de Laurent (2014), o qual diz respeito a uma forma mais elaborada de borda corporal.
Indicadores APEGI: notícias de entraves na constituição psíquica em um caso de atraso de fala
Authors: Braga Cristal Rebouças Carvalho , Barros Izabella Paiva Monteiro de
Published: May 2022

A clínica fonoaudiológica tem recebido crescente demanda de atendimento para crianças por volta de 24 meses que ainda não falam. Compreendendo que a não emergência da fala pode estar associada a entraves psíquicos, o uso do instrumento APEGI pelo fonoaudiólogo, quando “algo não vai bem”, pode auxiliá-lo a recolher material clínico que justifique o encaminhamento psicanalítico, que por sua vez potencializa os resultados fonoaudiológicos. Apresentaremos fragmentos de um caso em que a terapia fonoaudiológica avançava com dificuldades, no qual a leitura da criança, a partir dos indicadores de referência oferecidos pelo APEGI, apontaram falhas no eixo presença/reconhecimento do sujeito (fala e posição na linguagem), evidenciando a interface e os mútuos benefícios da práxis que funciona a partir de uma articulação discursiva entre Fonoaudiologia e Psicanálise.
Reliability of Instant Messaging-Based Evaluation of Brain Imaging in Acute Stroke
Authors: Kalra Love-Preet , Khatter Himani , Kulkarni Anirudh , Sahonta Rajeshwar , Rathore Shubhra , Hattingen Elke , You Se-Jong , Wagner Marlies , Weidauer Stefan , Keil Fee , Pandian Jeyaraj Durai , Foerch Christian
Published: May 2022

Background:

The use of instant messenger applications among physicians has become common in acute stroke management, especially in developing countries. Photos or video sequences of brain computed tomography (CT) scans are being sent to receive real-time support in assessing radiological findings. We analyzed whether instant messaging-based evaluation is precise enough to extract relevant information from the images.

Methods:

In this prospective study, anonymized videos and photos of CT and CT angiography scans of patients with symptoms of acute stroke were recorded from the diagnostic monitor using a smartphone. Two neurologists and 2 neuroradiologists performed evaluation of the images using WhatsApp. The gold standard was set by 2 experienced neuroradiologists who evaluated the CT images with their full radiological equipment. Statistical analysis included the calculation of Cohen kappa (κ).

Results:

A total of 104 brain images (derived from 81 patients) were included. All 4 raters performed with a perfect (κ=1) interobserver reliability in diagnosing intracerebral hemorrhage. For subarachnoid hemorrhage, interobserver reliability was slightly lower (raters 1, 2, and 3, κ=1; rater 4, κ=0.88). For diagnosing stroke mimics, interobserver reliability showed considerable variations (κ between 0.32 and 1). Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score differences overall were comparable between raters and did not exceed 3 to 4 points without noticeable outliers. All raters performed with a moderate-to-substantial interobserver reliability for detecting large vessel occlusions (κ=0.48 in rater 1, κ=0.62 in rater 2, and κ=0.63 in raters 3 and 4).

Conclusions:

Stroke neurologists can reliably extract information on intracerebral hemorrhage from CT images recorded via smartphone and sent through instant messaging tools. Remote diagnosis of early infarct signs and stroke mimics was less reliable. We developed a standard for the acquisition of images, taking data protection into account.
Effect of Antihypertensives by Class on Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Post Hoc Analysis of SPRINT-MIND
Authors: Goldstein Eric D. , Wolcott Zoe , Garg Gauri , Navarro Kayla , Delic Alen , Yaghi Shadi , Sederholm Benson , Prabhakaran Shyam , Wong Ka-Ho , McLean Kaitlin , de Havenon Adam H.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Treatment of uncontrolled arterial hypertension reduces the risk of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) progression, although it is unclear whether this reduction occurs due to blood pressure control or class-specific pleiotropic effects, such as improved beat-to-beat arterial pressure variability with calcium channel blockers. The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of antihypertensive medication class, particularly with calcium channel blocker, on accumulation of white matter hyperintensities (WMH), a radiographic marker of CSVD, within a cohort with well-controlled hypertension.

Methods:

We completed an observational cohort analysis of the SPRINT-MIND trial (Systolic Blood Pressure Trial Memory and Cognition in Decreased Hypertension), a large randomized controlled trial of participants who completed a baseline and 4-year follow-up brain magnetic resonance image with volumetric WMH data. Antihypertensive medication data were recorded at follow-up visits between the magnetic resonance images. A percentage of follow-up time participants were prescribed each of the 11 classes of antihypertensive was then derived. Progression of CSVD was calculated as the difference in WMH volume between 2 scans and, to address skew, dichotomized into a top tertile of the distribution compared with the remaining.

Results:

Among 448 individuals, vascular risk profiles were similar across WMH progression subgroups except age (70.1±7.9 versus 65.7±7.3 years;
P
<0.001) and systolic blood pressure (128.3±11.0 versus 126.2±9.4 mm Hg;
P
=0.039). Seventy-two (48.3%) of the top tertile cohort and 177 (59.2%) of the remaining cohort were in the intensive blood pressure arm. Those within the top tertile of progression had a mean WMH progression of 4.7±4.3 mL compared with 0.13±1.0 mL (
P
<0.001). Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (odds ratio, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.16–0.79];
P
=0.011) and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (odds ratio, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.19–0.80];
P
=0.011) was associated with less WMH progression, although dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers lost significance when WMH was treated as a continuous variable.

Conclusions:

Among participants of SPRINT-MIND trial, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor was most consistently associated with less WMH progression independent of blood pressure control and age.
The End of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator’s Reign?
Authors: Derraz Imad
Published: May 2022

Mechanical thrombectomy is a highly effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke caused by large-vessel occlusion in the anterior cerebral circulation, significantly increasing the likelihood of recovery to functional independence. Until recently, whether intravenous thrombolysis before mechanical thrombectomy provided additional benefits to patients with acute ischemic stroke-large-vessel occlusion remained unclear. Given that reperfusion is a key factor for clinical outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke-large-vessel occlusion and the efficacy of both intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy is time-dependent, achieving complete reperfusion with a single pass should be the primary angiographic goal. However, it remains undetermined whether extending the procedure with additional endovascular attempts or local lytics administration safely leads to higher reperfusion grades and whether there are significant public health and cost implications. Here, we outline the current state of knowledge and research avenues that remain to be explored regarding the consistent therapeutic benefit of intravenous thrombolysis in anterior circulation strokes and the potential place of adjunctive intra-arterial lytics administration, including alternative thrombolytic agent place.
The Last Natural Philosophers in Plato’s Phaedo 99b2-c6
Authors: Vázquez Daniel
Published: May 2022

This paper examines the possible sources of the theories introduced in Phaedo 99b2-c6. It argues that Plato is primarily alluding to Aristophanes’ Clouds and views held by Diogenes of Apollonia and Archelaus of Athens. But the passage, I also suggest, could serve another rhetorical function. By inviting us to reflect on whether and to what extent other natural philosophers fit the description of these theories, the text emphasises the gulf between Socrates and his predecessors. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of identifying these references for our understanding of the autobiographical passage in the Phaedo.
Walking a Thin Line of Representation: Analyzing the Behavior of Egyptian MPs
Authors: Hassan Mazen , Abdrabou Ahmed , Abdelgawad Hala
Published: May 2022

This article is part of the Special Issue “Parliaments in the Middle East and North Africa: A Struggle for Relevance.” While legislators in democratic settings have the electorate as their main principal, mps in semi- and nondemocratic settings need to serve two principals to remain in office: the regime and the active segment of the electorate. This dichotymy sometimes requires particular skills in parliamentary behavior. For the case of Egypt, we investigate how mps strike a balance between regime support and representing their constituents up to an extent that does not endanger their chances for re-election. A content analysis of session scripts of the Egyptian parliament in 2016 was conducted to examine how mps walk this – traditionally understudied – thin line. Our findings indicate that representation gets reduced to “descriptive representation,” i.e. a representation that puts more emphasis on representing local constituents and demographic segments, like Copts and women, that mps are presumably elected to represent. We therefore show that mps fulfill the important tasks of citizens representation even in semi- and nondemocratic settings.
Triple, Quadruple, and Higher-Order Helices: Historical Phenomena and (Neo-)Evolutionary Models
Authors: Leydesdorff Loet , Lawton Smith Helen
Published: May 2022

Carayannis and Campbell (2009; 2010) have argued for using quadruple and quintuple helices as models encompassing and generalizing triple-helix dynamics. In the meantime, quadruple and quintuple helices have been adopted by the European Committee for the Regions and the European Commission as metaphors for further strategy development such as in EU-programs in Smart Specialization, Plan S, Open Innovation 2.0, etc. Here we argue that the transition from a double helix to a triple helix can change the dynamic from a trajectory to a regime. However, next-order transitions (e.g., to quadruple, quintuple, or n-tuple helices) can be decomposed and recombined into interacting Triple Helices. For example, in the case of four helices A, B, C, and D, one can distinguish ABC, ABD, ACD, and BCD; each triplet can generate synergy. The triple-helix synergy indicator can thus be elaborated for more than three dimensions. However, whether innovation systems are national, regional, sectorial, triple-helix, quadruple-helix, etc., can inform policies with evidence if one proceeds to measurement. A variety of perspectives can be used to interpret the data. Software for testing perspectives will be introduced.
Animal Telos and Preference Adaptation
Authors: Milligan Tony
Published: May 2022

This article considers Bernard Rollin’s justification of the genetic modification of the telos of livestock animals for welfare purposes. While agreeing that a pragmatic approach to animal welfare might well reach this far, the claim is that Rollin’s approach leaves some important harms out of the picture. Section (1) will outline the rationale for a pragmatic approach towards animal rights. Section (2) will outline Rollin’s telos-based argument for allowing modification. Sections (3) and (4) will draw upon analogies that (respectively) lend support to and problematize Rollin’s telos-based argument: the production of anencephalic ‘Chicken Little’ lumps of animal tissue as a way to avoid suffering; and the manipulation of preferences by ‘hypnopaedia’ in Huxley’s Brave New World. Section (5) will suggest that this does not rule out modification, but it does require us to recognize that modification involves harms, even if they are sometimes outweighed by benefits.