bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic panel investigation of the determinants of South African commercial banks’ operational efficiency
Authors: Sthembiso Msomi Thabiso , Magret Olarewaju Odunayo
Published: November 2022

Like any other business, commercial banks are greatly affected by the micro and macro-environment that operate in, no matter how large they are. Capital adequacy ratio, credit risk, money supply, inflation, the exchange rate, and the national gross domestic product have been noted to be the key determinants of bank operational efficiency. This research study looked at the operational efficiency of four large South African banks, namely, Standard Bank, Absa, Nedbank, and First National Bank. A quantitative, descriptive, correlation design was employed, and the System-Generalized Method of Moments (SYS-GMM) techniques were used and revealed that operational efficiency was positively correlated with capital adequacy ratio, credit risk, inflation, and exchange rate, and negatively correlated with profitability, money supply and GDP. SYS-GMM estimates show that capital adequacy ratio, credit risk, inflation and exchange rate positively influenced operational efficiency, while profitability, money supply (M3) and GDP had a negative influence. Thus, it is concluded that bank management should decrease administrative costs, evaluate customers’ creditworthiness before issuing loans, raise bank size as operational conditions require, boost intermediation, and anticipate inflation to operate more efficiently.
Do not put all your eggs in one basket: social perspectives on desalination and water recycling in Israel
Authors: Sneegas Gretchen , Seghezzo Lucas , Brannstrom Christian , Jepson Wendy , Eckstein Gabriel
Published: November 2022

Israel has set ambitious goals in terms of the widespread adoption of desalination and water recycling technologies. Policymakers in Israel consider these technologies as the key to improve urban water security but knowledge of stakeholder views on this policy approach is not well established. We deployed the Q-methodology, a qualitative–quantitative approach, to empirically determine social perspectives on desalination and water recycling across a wide range of stakeholders in the Israeli water sector. We identified the following four distinctive social perspectives: (1) desalination should be the option of last resort; (2) desalination is moving us to an infinite resource; (3) equating savings to resources is a dangerous illusion; and (4) desalination is (risky) electric water. A common characteristic of these perspectives is the belief that desalination is necessary for a water-secure country, but desalination should not be the only source of drinking water in Israel. Our findings indicate that Israeli stakeholders show complex and contingent understandings of the pros and cons of desalination and water recycling and the risks involved in too much reliance on a limited number of water sources. We discuss the potential implications of our findings for water management and security in Israel and other places with water scarcity concerns.
Know-what, know-when and know-how: A web and mobile-based android application for early detection of pump failures in rural water supply projects, Tanzania
Authors: Marwa Leah Isack , Munishi Subira , Mwamila Tulinave B.
Published: November 2022

Tanzania, like other developing countries, experiences frequent water supply project failures during its operations leading to subsequent loss in revenues annually which is mainly attributable to pumping system failure. While a lot of investment is spent on establishing new water supply projects, little attention is paid to the functioning of these systems, leading to the abandonment of most projects due to pump failures. The purpose of the study was to assess the operational situation of water pumps and develop an appropriate application for early faults detection to foster prompt remedial actions. A site visit and online survey with questionnaires were performed to collect information on water pump problems in 13 regions in Tanzania. The study revealed that 82% of pumps face excessive power consumption, 53% fail due to broken seals, 41% encounter no or low flow, 35% have no or low pressure and 24% produce excessive noise or vibration. The Pump Diagnosis Tool (PDP) application is developed to provide rapid insight into the condition and state of the pumping system and the required measures to address the problem. The PDT has the potential to detect and diagnose pump problems in a timely manner to avoid total failure which is potentially the major driver behind water supply work breakdowns.
Analysis of steady flow in radial porous media
Authors: Sadeghian Jalal , Norouzi Hadi , Bazargan Jalal
Published: November 2022

The outflow depth from the radial porous media (inflow to the well) is very useful as the downstream boundary condition and the starting point for water surface profile calculations. Based on the studies, unlike the Stephenson's hypothesis (the outflow depth is equal to the critical depth), the outflow depth from the rockfill media is a coefficient (Γ) of the critical depth. In the present study, using several (large scale and almost real) experimental data in the radial non-Darcy flow condition, dimensional analysis and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, an equation was presented to calculate the mentioned coefficient based on upstream water depth (h) and distance between the well center and the upstream (R). Then, using the calculated outflow depth and the 1D flow analysis equations, the water surface profile in the radial non-Darcy condition was calculated for the first time. The results showed that considering an outflow depth equal to the critical depth and using the proposed solution in the present study, the mean relative error (MRE) values of 83.43% and 3.53% were obtained, respectively. In addition, using the proposed solution for different experimental conditions, an average MRE of 2.58% was calculated for the water surface profile.
Optimization of roughing filtration unit for a handwashing wastewater recirculation point-of-use system
Authors: Olupot Peter Wilberforce , Menya Emmanuel , Jjagwe Joseph , Wakatuntu Joel , Román Franz , Hensel Oliver
Published: November 2022

A downward roughing filter unit consisting of silica sand as the filter medium was optimized for performance towards removal of turbidity and suspended solids from handwashing wastewater. Design-Expert software was employed to optimize media particle size, filter depth, and flowrate. Linear and quadratic models were found to best fit the responses of turbidity and suspended solids removal, respectively. Particle size and flow rate were the only parameters with significant effects on removal of turbidity and suspended solids. Optimal conditions were found to be media particle size 0.6 mm, filter depth 12 cm, and flow rate 0.3 Lmin−1, corresponding to removal efficiencies of 62 and 67% for turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS), respectively, as predicted by the model. Validation of model at optimal conditions resulted in turbidity and TSS removal of 55 and 53%, respectively. Additionally, removal efficiencies of the roughing filter towards apparent colour, true colour, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from handwashing wastewater were 56, 20, 32, and 5%, respectively. Overall, although turbidity of filtered water was >50 NTU, the reduction achieved by roughing filtration is a significant step in enhancing the performance of water treatment processes downstream, including filtration and adsorption by slow sand filters and activated carbon, respectively.
Safety and Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Burn Therapy: Systematic Review
Authors: Dini Theresia , Nugraha Yudhi , Revina Rika , Karina Karina
Published: November 2022

The experimental research on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for burn therapy has been published several times. However, current clinical procedure remains a challenging discussion. This systematic review assesses the safety and efficacy of administering mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to burns and determines the most effective source of MSCs for burn therapy. We reviewed several studies through PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and DOAJ online databases. PRISMA-P 2020 method was used based on inclusion and exclusion criteria that were re-selected through Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools. Results from 13 articles showed that MSCs are safe for burn therapy with minimal side effects/complications and have the potential to repair tissue and accelerate burn healing through several mechanisms. The treatment of MSCs in burns is influenced by donor characteristics and related to the severity and area of the burn. It can be concluded that the administration of MSCs is safe and effective in burn therapy. Keywords: burns, mesenchymal stem cells, therapeutic safety, therapeutic efficacy, wound healing
Methanol Extract of Katuk (Sauropus androgynus) Leaves as an Anti-inflammatory Agent: Animal Study in Carrageenan-induced Rat Models of Inflammation
Authors: Andari Desy , Khan Farah Ibnu , Jakfar Safira Idofia
Published: November 2022

Background: Inflammation is a response in the human body to survive during infection, injury and tissue damage. Acute inflammation causes edema and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) release. Sauropus androgynus leaves which contain flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids may have anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds can be extracted with methanol. This research aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of S. androgynus leaves methanol extract (SALME) on carrageenan induced-rats. Materials and methods: True experimental study was conducted using 12 Wistar rats. Rats were induced with carrageenan subcutaneously on the plantar pedis. Carrageenan-induced rats were treated with/without various doses of SALME. Edema volume was measured with a plethysmometer. The plantar pedis tissues were collected and stained with haematoxylin- eosin (HE) staining, then PMNs were observed and counted under a light microscope. All data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, Pearson correlation and linear regression. Results: SALME had significant effects on the volume of edema (p=0.000) and the number of PMNs (p=0.000). The most effective dose to reduce the edema volume and decrease the PMNs cell number was 37.80 mg/200 g body weight (BW). SALME doses may affect 91.0% of edema volume and 89.2% of PMNs cell number. Edema volume had a significant, robust correlation (92.3%) with PMNs cell number. Conclusion: SALME is confirmed to have an anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the edema volume and decreasing the PMNs cell number. Keywords: Sauropus androgynus, methanol extract, anti-inflamamatory, carrageenan, plantar pedis, rats
Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Centella asiatica Leaves on Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Yersinia enterocolitica in vitro
Authors: Qurrotuaini Salwa Putri , Wiqoyah Nurul , Mustika Arifa
Published: November 2022

Background: Centella asiatica leaves ethanol extract (CALEE) has higher concentration compared to other structures within the plant. The extract contains alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids, which play an active role as antioxidant and antibacterial. Current study aimed to determine the effect of CALEE on Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Yersinia enterocolitica, Gram-negative bacteria that cause diarrhea. Materials and methods: Simplicia of C. asiatica leaves was dissolved in 96% ethanol and macerated to get condensed extract, which then produced a concentration of 1 g/mL. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined to assess the effectiveness of CALEE on P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, and Y. enterocolitica. MIC was determined through serial dilution test with Mueller Hinton broth media. After incubation, the bacteria were streaked on nutrient agar or McConkey agar to determine the MBC. Results: The MIC value of CALEE could not be determined since the color of CALEE was dark, hence the turbidity could not be compared. CALEE had the same MBC value (0.25 g/mL) in all bacteria species used in this study. Conclusion: CALEE is effective against Gram-negative bacteria, such as P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, and Y. enterocolitica. Further research is needed, especially in vivo experiments and evaluation of the cytotoxicity effect of CALEE. Keywords: Centella asiatica, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Yersinia enterocolitica, antibacterial
Interaction of Silver Nanoparticles with Human Alpha-2-macroglobulin: Biochemical and Biophysical Investigation
Authors: Siddiqui Tooba , Zia Mohammad Khalid , Muaz Mohammad , Ahsan Haseeb , Khan Fahim Halim
Published: November 2022

Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have a broad spectrum of applications in nanoscience and nanomedicine due to their flexible properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic. Present study investigated the interaction of chemically synthesized AgNPs with human major antiproteinase alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M).Materials and methods: The first step of the study involved the synthesis and characterization of AgNPs using various biochemical and biophysical techniques, such as UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD). Different methods were used to explore the primary and secondary structural changes induced in α2M by the binding of AgNPs. Results: The UV-visible spectroscopy revealed hyperchromicity in the absorption spectra of α2M. The presence of a static quenching mechanism was indicated by the temperature-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy. The synchronous fluorescence revealed a change in the microenvironment of the tryptophan residues in α2M. The CD results showed the reduction in β-helical content of α2M. The activity of α2M decreased significantly with the increase of AgNPs concentration.Conclusion: Our result suggests that AgNPs cause modifications in the structure and functional activity of α2M. The interaction of nanoparticles with proteins is important for understanding their potential risks to human health. Keywords: alpha-2-macroglobulin, antiproteinase, silver nanoparticles, fluorescence quenching, FTIR, TEM
Elucidation of the Mechanisms and Molecular Targets of Run-zao-zhiyang
Capsule for Itch based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking
and In Vitro Experiment
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Li Huixin , Yang Zixuan , Huang Chunyue , Sun Yichun , Hu Xiao
Published: November 2022

Background:

Traditional Chinese medicine formula (TCMF) Run-zao-zhi-yang capsule
(RZZY) is commonly used in treating itch in China. However, there are few studies on its mechanisms.
In this study, we revealed the mechanisms and molecular targets of RZZY for itch by network
pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro experiments.

Methods:

The network pharmacology consisted of active ingredient collection, target acquisition,
enrichment analysis, biological process analysis, and network construction. Molecular docking was
carried out using molegro virtual docker (MVD) software. LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells were
used to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity.

Results:

We collected 483 high-confidence targets that interacted with 16 active compounds of
RZZY, including 121 common genes related to itch. 43 important targets and 20 important pathways
were identified according to the network and system analysis. Target-pathway network function
analysis suggested that RZZY is treated for itch by multiple ways in immune regulation, hormone
adjustment, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. Molecular docking results demonstrated
that daidzein and formononetin could be closely combined with 4 proteins. In vitro experiments
displayed that RZZY, sophocarpine, catalpol, emodin, and daidzein had suppressive effects against
TNF-α, IL-1β, or IL-6 production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Interestingly, the result of
network pharmacology revealed that RZZY might be more suitable for senile pruritus, consistent
with the bibliometric analysis of RZZY’s clinical indications.

Conclusions:

This study illustrated the potential mechanisms and molecular targets of RZZY for
itch, which may contribute to the proper use of RZZY in clinical practice.
Birch Pollen Allergens
Authors: Guan Kai , Li Lisha , Chang Christopher
Published: November 2022

Birch belongs to order Fagales and family Betulaceae. Birch pollen is one of the most important airborne inhaled allergens in the north temperate zone, leading to allergic rhinitis, asthma and pollen-related food allergy. The sensitization rate to birch pollen is about 8-16% in the general populations and 7-57% in patients seen at various allergy centers. Seven birch pollen allergens have been recognized by the International Allergen Nomenclature Sub-committee, with Bet v 1 as the sole major allergen. Component-resolved diagnostics can help to discriminate broad cross-reactivity and false-positive diagnoses of pollen allergy caused by specific IgE to pan-allergens such as Bet v 2, 4 or Bet v 7 from true birch allergy represented by the major allergen Bet v 1-specific IgE. Patients with allergic symptoms to birch pollen showed significantly higher serum anti-Bet v 1 IgE concentrations than asymptomatic individuals with birch sensitization. Higher level of IgE to Bet v 1 also predicted oral allergy syndrome after the ingestion of Rosaceae fruits, nuts, or Apiaceae vegetables, which have cross-reactive homologous allergens with birch allergens. Bet v 1 is one of the first allergens developed using recombinant technology. Many forms of genetically modified Bet v 1 hypo-allergens have been developed and have shown benefit in animal models or even clinical trials of allergen immunotherapy.
Synthetic Transformation of 4-fluorobenzoic Acid to 4-fluorobenzohydrazide
Schiff Bases and 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Analogs having DPPH Radical Scavenging
Potential
Authors: Khan Momin , Fazal Zala , Alam Aftab , Ibrahim Mohammad , Ali Tehseen , Ali Mahboob , Khan Hafiz Danyal
Published: November 2022

Aims:

Synthesis of 4-fluorobenzohydrazide Schiff bases and 1,3,4-oxadiazole analogs has a
DPPH radical scavenging potential.

Background:

Synthetic antioxidants are widely used because they are effective and cheaper than natural
antioxidants. Based on the literature survey, this present study is mainly focused on the study of the free
radical scavenging activity of the Schiff base and oxadiazole motifs.

Methods:

In this research work, Schiff’s base (4a-4g) and 1,3,4-oxadiazole (5a-5g) derivatives based on
4-fluorobenzoic acid were synthesized through multistep reactions. Initially, 4-fluorobenzoic acid was
esterified in the presence of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) in ethanol solvent, and then it was reacted with an
excess of hydrazine hydrate to obtain the desired 4-fluorobenzohydrazide. Various aromatic aldehydes
were reacted with 4-fluorobenzo hydrazide in the presence of a catalytic amount of acetic acid to obtain
the desired hydrazones. Finally, different substituted hydrazones were cyclized in the presence of iodine
and potassium carbonate in DMSO to obtain substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. The progress of all reactions
was checked using thin-layer chromatography. The compounds were recrystallized from ethanol with
good yield. The synthesized compounds were characterized with the help of EI-MS and 1H-NMR spectroscopy.

Results:

The synthesized Schiff bases (4a-4g) and oxadiazole derivatives (5a-5g) of 4-fluorobenzoic acid
demonstrated good free radical scavenging activity. Among the series, Compound 4f (IC50 = 25.57 ± 7.41
μM), showed comparable activity when compared with the standard Vitamin C (IC50 = 19.39 ± 12.57
μM). Similarly Compound 4a (IC50 = 40.90 ± 1.92 μM), 4b (IC50 = 34.77 ± 1.03 μM), 4c (IC50 = 90.2 ±
2.90 μM), 4e (IC50 = 78.62 ± 9.64 μM), 4g (IC50 = 80.65 ± 1.80 μM), 5a (IC50 = 52.67 ± 4.98 μM) and 5f
(IC50 = 89.45 ± 9.11 μM) showed moderate antioxidant activity. Furthermore compounds, 4d (IC50 =
102.55 ± 10.4 μM), 5b (IC50 = 123.76 ± 12.34 μM), 5d (IC50 = 701.62 ± 1.06 μM), and 5e (IC50 = 102.87
± 7.98 μM) displayed less significant anti-oxidant potential, while compounds 5c and 5g were found inactive.

Conclusion:

Schiff’s base (4a-4g) and substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole (5a-5g) derivatives based on 4-
fluorobenzoic acid scaffolds were synthesized using standard pathways. All compounds were structurally
characterized through EI-MS and 1H-NMR spectroscopy and evaluated for their in vitro DPPH free radical
scavenging activity. In-vitro study reveals that the newly prepared derivatives of 4-fluorobenzoic acid
have potent antioxidant potential. Whereas compound 5c and 5g were found inactive, this study has recognized
a series of potential molecules as antioxidant agents and is useful in the field of medicinal chemistry.
Diabetes, Aging, and Insulin’s Reponic Features: Review
Authors: Moen Joshua
Published: November 2022

The aging process and the concomitant physiological changes that come with increasing
age have been a focus of researchers and the general population for centuries. The pursuit of
knowledge and understanding of the aging process was famously articulated by Aristotle, stating,
“education is the best provision for old age.” This remains true today in our quest to understand the
physiological underpinnings of aging and the incessant attempt to slow or reverse many of the processes.
The need to understand normal aging physiology is important to guide future targeted interventions
to promote autonomy and prevent impairment of functioning. The risk of frailty, “vulnerability
to stressors” and impaired or decreased functioning of a multitude of body systems is a
major public health consideration for adults 65 years or older. While there has been a plethora of
research on the aging effects of different systems throughout the body, the following literature review
will focus on our recent understanding of the components of nutrient handling, specifically
the endocrine system in older adults. By understanding the normal physiological changes that occur
in response to nutrients, future interventions can be targeted to promote an extension of optimal
functioning throughout the lifespan.
Identification of Multi-kinase Allosteric Inhibitors of Oncogenic Targets
EGFR1, PI3K, and BRAF Kinase
Authors: Kakarala Kavita Kumari , Jamil Kaiser
Published: November 2022

Aim:

This study aimed to identify promising allosteric inhibitors with the potential to
inhibit EGFR1, PI3K, and BRAF kinases as a single agent or in a combination of existing drugs,
thus acting as a therapeutic option when traditional drugs fail to give a beneficial response in
disease pathology.

Background:

Upregulation of EGFR1 activates several downstream signaling pathways, resulting
in pathophysiological alterations that contribute to cancer. The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK)
and PI3K/Akt/mTOR (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathways are major downstream signalling partners
induced by EGFR1 activation. Despite their vast importance, allosteric FDA-approved drugs targeting
EGFR1 and these pathways are not available.

Objective:

The objective of the study is to identify novel multi-kinase small molecules with the
potential to inhibit major sites of amplification of cancer signalling pathways, i.e., EGFR1,
PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signalling pathways targeting allosteric sites.

Method:

In silico methods were used to identify the potential inhibitors using EGFR1, PI3, and
BRAF crystal structures complexed with allosteric inhibitors. The potential novel molecules were
confirmed for their drug-likeness. Their stability of binding was also confirmed using molecular
dynamics simulation studies. To eliminate false negatives, this study used a pharmacophore and
structure-based targeting method.

Results:

The current study was effective in identifying drug-like small molecules, such as
ZINC38783966, ZINC01456629, ZINC01456628, and 124173751, 137352549, 137353176,
137352399, 132020316 from ZINC and PubChem database, respectively, with a potential to bind
EGFR1 (6DUK), PI3 (4A55) and BRAF (6P3D) at allosteric sites. A 50 ns molecular dynamics
investigation also revealed that these potential novel multitarget kinase allosteric inhibitors
exhibited stable binding.

Conclusion:

Alterations in EGFR1, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK)
signalling pathways are observed in cancers in high frequency and are also used by viral and
environmental toxicants for pathologic purposes. These multi-kinase allosteric inhibitors will
provide insight into allosteric drug discovery and deepen our understanding of targeting these
pathways, either individually or in combination with orthosteric inhibitors.
Triazol-1-yl Benzamides Promote Anticoagulant Activity via Inhibition of
Factor XIIa
Authors: Al-Horani Rami A. , Afosah Daniel K. , Mottamal Madhusoodanan
Published: November 2022

Background:

Human factor XIIa (FXIIa) is a plasma serine protease that plays a significant
role in several physiological and pathological processes. Animal models have revealed an
important contribution of FXIIa to thromboembolic diseases. Remarkably, animals and patients
with FXII deficiency appear to have normal hemostasis. Thus, FXIIa inhibition may serve as a
promising therapeutic strategy to attain safer and more effective anticoagulation. Very few small
molecule inhibitors of FXIIa have been reported. We synthesized and investigated a focused library
of triazol-1-yl benzamide derivatives for FXIIa inhibition.

Methods:

We chemically synthesized, characterized, and investigated a focused library of triazol-
1-yl benzamide derivatives for FXIIa inhibition. Using a standardized chromogenic substrate hydrolysis
assay, the derivatives were evaluated for inhibiting human FXIIa. Their selectivity over
other clotting factors was also evaluated using the corresponding substrate hydrolysis assays. The
best inhibitor affinity to FXIIa was also determined using fluorescence spectroscopy. Effects on
the clotting times (prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)) of
human plasma were also studied.

Results:

We identified a specific derivative (1) as the most potent inhibitor in this series. The inhibitor
exhibited nanomolar binding affinity to FXIIa. It also exhibited significant selectivity
against several serine proteases. It also selectively doubled the activated partial thromboplastin
time of human plasma.

Conclusion:

Overall, this work puts forward inhibitor 1 as a potent and selective inhibitor of FXIIa
for further development as an anticoagulant.
Technological and Scientific Prospection on Pigments Produced by
Microorganisms
Authors: de Souza Tainã Lima Silva , de Souza Carolina Oliveira , Umsza-Guez Marcelo Andrés
Published: November 2022

Background:

Interest in natural pigments has grown due to the negative aspects
caused by synthetic options, which trigger damage to the body and the environment. Research
with natural pigments produced by microorganisms becomes viable in relation to
other pigments extracted from animals or plants, as microorganisms have advantages in
terms of versatility and productivity. Thus, production technologies are protected by patents.

Methods:

To evaluate the evolution of research and technological development on producing
natural pigments by different microorganisms through scientific and technological prospection.
Scientific prospecting was done by searching articles published from 2010 to
2020 in the Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases. Technological prospecting
was carried out with patents obtained from the European Patent Office
(ESPACENET) database.

Results:

The searches were based on the keywords “pigment” and “dye” crossed with microalgae,
fungi, bacteria and yeast. A total of 2.811 articles and 451 patents were selected.
Scientific prospecting has shown interest in alternative cultivation media, and among the
microorganisms that produce pigments, fungi and microalgae are the most studied.

Conclusion:

Technological prospecting showed that 375 (83%) recovered patent documents
refer to the protection of pigment extraction and production techniques and that the
largest patent holders are private companies, followed by Chinese universities.
Review on Lubrication and Sealing Technology of High-Speed Motorized
Spindle
Authors: Gao Yanhua , Dai Ye , Wang Gang , Li Zhaolong , Tao Xueshi
Published: November 2022

Background:

While the CNC (Computerised Numerical Control) machine spindle is
driving the tool to cut the workpiece, impurities such as cutting fluid splash, metal chips, or metal
dust tend to enter the internal system of the spindle. Optimization of the spindle sealing design can
significantly improve the durability of the motorized spindle. A high-speed motorized spindle is the
primary heat source of CNC machine tools. Under current conditions, a cooling and lubrication system
is the main measure to control the heat of a high-speed motorized spindle.

Objectives:

This paper introduces the current research progress in bearing lubrication and new spindle
sealing structures.

Methods:

The research on bearing lubrication is sorted by comparing the relevant literature on bearing
lubrication; some sealing structures are introduced by giving examples of patents on motorized
spindle seals.

Results:

This paper reviews the bearing lubrication research and spindle sealing structure and provides
an outlook on the future development of bearing lubrication technology and spindle sealing
structure.

Conclusion:

The High-speed motorized spindle is the primary heat source of CNC machine tools.
Bearing lubrication can effectively control the motorized spindle heat; a motorized spindle sealing
structure can prevent impurities from causing damage to the internal parts of the spindle and improve
the service life of the motorized spindle.
Recent Advances in Organocatalytic Methods for the Synthesis of Deuterated
Aldehydes
Authors: Dhayalan Vasudevan
Published: November 2022

Formyl-selective deuteration of aldehydes is one of the important synthetic methods in the
field of medicinal chemistry. Aldehyde-d is often used as an important building block for pharmaceutical
and drug synthesis due to its versatile reactivity and applicability. Due to the recent interest and development
in the use of deuterated pharma drugs, there is an urgent need for simple and practical synthetic
methods that are effective in producing a broad range of highly deuterated (up to 99% D) functionalized
aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, and alkenyl aldehyde moieties. Organocatalytic processes mediated by
NHC have recently been used to achieve selective deuterium labelling processes; this system is frequently
used to analyze drug distribution, metabolism, absorption, and excretion (ADME). Moreover,
deuterated pharmaceutical compounds are designed to develop therapeutic effectiveness and reduce
significant side effects and toxicity by increasing the half-life of the isotope drug response. Remarkably,
in 2019-2022, NHC-mediated various catalytic approaches have been dramatically developed. One such
method is a practical and mild synthesis of functionalized deuterated aldehydes, drug molecules, therapeutic
agents, small and complex natural products, and their analogues using a green method in the
presence of water-d as a cheap reagent. These modern methods prepared deuterated drug scaffolds such
as 3-formyl rifamycin, midecamycin, menthol, ibuprofen, naproxen, etc. In this concern, we could provide
a succinct description of the NHC-organocatalyzed modern synthetic strategies, as well as a mild
greener approach for the functional group-selective deuterium isotopic labeling of various formyl compounds
using commercially available deuterium sources (D2O and CD3OD).
Role of Diet in Dental Caries
Authors: Damle Satyawan , Goyal Prachi , Sakhare Dhanashree
Published: November 2022

The importance of sugars as a cause of dental caries is underemphasized and not prominent in preventive strategies. Quantitative analysis shows a log-linear doseresponse relationship between sucrose or its monosaccharide intakes and the progressive lifelong development of caries. This results in a substantial dental health burden throughout life. Processed starches have cariogenic potential when accompanying sucrose. Dental diseases impair quality of life and hurt self-esteem, eating ability and health, causing pain, anxiety, and impaired social functioning. So, it was also thought that diet could be controlled or modified, to exert an anti-caries effect. Several experiments, studies and research have been carried out to assess the effect of diet on dental caries.
Craniofacial Growth and Development in Children
Authors: Xavier Arun M. , Sharath Chandra H. , Vijay M.
Published: November 2022

Human growth, development, and maturation are multifaceted processes that
involve different aspects, including biological, physical, social, and intellectual aspects.
Between conception and maturity, the size and complexity of the human body change
dramatically. A multitude of changes in sensory, cognitive, and motor coordination are
also associated with the development of an individual from infancy to adolescence and
are related to brain growth and maturation. All the different facets of development are,
however, interrelated. This chapter summarizes the various concepts, principles,
theories, factors affecting growth and the parameters used to measure and assess
maturity from time to time.
Morphology of Primary Dentition
Authors: Kasar Parag D. , Sakhare Dhanashree , Chatterjee Shailaja
Published: November 2022

Study of dental morphology or characteristics refers to phylogenetic data
related to different species. The morphology of a tooth is affected by the genetic
constitution, environmental factors, habit of digit sucking, and a variety of
parafunctional habits. Tooth development is a long process that involves interactions at
molecular and cellular levels, which are influenced by environmental, genetic, and
epigenetic factors. Human dentition is undergoing constant evolutionary changes.
However, these changes are occurring at different rates in different geographical
populations. Knowledge and information about the morphological features of each
primary tooth are crucial for pediatric operative dentistry and forensic dentistry. The
mesiodistal dimensions of individual teeth provide important information related to
human evolution. The differences in tooth eruption, shape, and size can reflect the
process of evolution and provide a method of studying evolutionary mechanisms.
Measurements of teeth and dental arches have been used for the description and
comparison of different populations or racial groups.
Huella de una nueva formación en la conservación del patrimonio forjada en la Universidad de Piura
Authors: Coahila Osorio Alberto , Acedo Pinedo Anapaula , Adrianzen Rijalba Jean , Muñoz Vasquez Mayer , Olavarría Merino Julio
Published: November 2022

El presente artículo nos da un panorama de la enseñanza de Conservación del Patrimonio en la Universidad de Piura (UDEP). Para este propósito, se presenta un análisis de la evolución, metodología y resultados de esta asignatura con la recolección de trabajos, testimonios y experiencias de aprendizaje de los alumnos que han cursado la asignatura en diferentes periodos académicos desde el año 2017 hasta el primer semestre el año 2020. La finalidad es aumentar el interés en la implementación y reforzamiento de asignaturas universitarias relacionadas a la preservación de los bienes culturales inmuebles, que no limiten la exploración de los alumnos e incentiven una futura ocupación laboral en la conservación del patrimonio en el Perú.
Análisis de la gestión municipal provincial del Cusco 1999-2002, recuperación de los espacios públicos – Barrio de San Pedro
Authors: Ciprian Collantes Edwin , Condori Castillo Israel Fernando , Delgado Gonzales Lizet , Fernandez Molina Caterine , Mendigure Sarmiento Virginia
Published: November 2022

El presente artículo analiza la Gestión del Gobierno Municipal del periodo 1999-2002, presidida por el ex alcalde de la ciudad de Cusco Ing. Carlos Valencia Miranda, bajo el lema “Cusco ciudad con futuro”. Investigación que está enfocada en los cuatro componentes gestionarios: Marco de gestión y administración, Planificación, Mecanismos legales y financieros y Cooperación Internacional. La gestión municipal se da en una coyuntura política de cambios que se inicia con el proceso de descentralización y regionalización, gracias a la Ley Orgánica de Municipalidades (N°27972) ya derogada. Asimismo, en dicha gestión, es importante mencionar la participación de otras instituciones del sector público y privado no gubernamentales que colaboraron principalmente en el tema patrimonial.
Análisis estilístico de las portadas en la arquitectura doméstica - siglos XIX y XX – provincia de Chiclayo
Authors: Cosmópolis Bullón Jorge , Guerrero Ramírez Jorge
Published: November 2022

La historia de la arquitectura doméstica en la ciudad de Chiclayo es un tema pendiente de investigación, tal vez opacada por la abundancia de información sobre nuestros antecedentes prehispánicos. Sin embargo, esta arquitectura existe y aún conservamos ejemplos de ella, inerme, ante el embate de una modernidad edilicia que malentiende progreso con destrucción de la historia y la cultura anterior, en el más cabal intento de “extirpación de idolatrías”. Por ello y como objetivo primario se ha considerado necesario presentar un aspecto de la imagen que caracterizó a Chiclayo en el siglo XIX y su cambio hacia tecnologías y estilos predominantes en el resto del país: las portadas de ingreso a las viviendas urbanas en la ciudad de Chiclayo.
Establishing Requirements for Technology to Support Clinical Trial Retention: Systematic Scoping Review and Analysis Using Self-determination Theory
Authors: Gamble Eoin , Linehan Conor , Heavin Ciara
Published: November 2022

Background

Retaining participants in clinical trials is an established challenge. Currently, the industry is moving to a technology-mediated, decentralized model for running trials. The shift presents an opportunity for technology design to aid the participant experience and promote retention; however, there are many open questions regarding how this can be best supported. We advocate the adoption of a stronger theoretical position to improve the quality of design decisions for clinical trial technology to promote participant engagement.

Objective

This study aimed to identify and analyze the types of retention strategies used in published clinical trials that successfully retain participants.

Methods

A systematic scoping review was carried out on 6 electronic databases for articles published from 1990 to September 2020, namely CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed, using the concepts “retention,” “strategy,” “clinal trial,” and “clinical research.” This was followed by an analysis of the included articles through the lens of self-determination theory, an evidence-based theory of human motivation.

Results

A total of 26 articles were included in this review. The motivational strategies identified in the clinical trials in our sample were categorized into 8 themes: autonomy; competence; relatedness; controlled motivation; branding, communication material, and marketing literature; contact, tracking, and scheduling methods and data collection; convenience to contribute to data collection; and organizational competence. The trials used a wide range of motivational strategies. Notably, the trials often relied on controlled motivation interventions and underused strategies to support intrinsic motivation. Moreover, traditional clinical trials relied heavily on human interaction and “relatedness” to support motivation and retention, which may cause problems in the move to technology-led decentralized trials. We found inconsistency in the data-reporting methods and that motivational theory–based approaches were not evident in strategy design.

Conclusions

This study offers direction and a framework to guide digital technology design decisions for future decentralized clinical trials to enhance participant retention during clinical trials. This research defines previous clinical trial retention strategies in terms of participant motivation, identifies motivational strategies, and offers a rationale for selecting strategies that will improve retention. It emphasizes the benefits of using theoretical frameworks to analyze strategic approaches and aid decision-making to improve the quality of technology design decisions.
Development and Evaluation of Health Recommender Systems: Systematic Scoping Review and Evidence Mapping
Authors: Sun Yue , Zhou Jia , Ji Mengmeng , Pei Lusi , Wang Zhiwen
Published: November 2022

Background

Health recommender systems (HRSs) are information retrieval systems that provide users with relevant items according to the users’ needs, which can motivate and engage users to change their behavior.

Objective

This study aimed to identify the development and evaluation of HRSs and create an evidence map.

Methods

A total of 6 databases were searched to identify HRSs reported in studies from inception up to June 30, 2022, followed by forward citation and grey literature searches. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened independently by 2 reviewers, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer, when necessary. Data extraction was performed by one reviewer and checked by a second reviewer. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) statement.

Results

A total of 51 studies were included for data extraction. Recommender systems were used across different health domains, such as general health promotion, lifestyle, and generic health service. A total of 23 studies had reported the use of a combination of recommender techniques, classified as hybrid recommender systems, which are the most commonly used recommender techniques in HRSs. In the HRS design stage, only 10 of 51 (19.6%) recommender systems considered personal preferences of end users in the design or development of the system; a total of 29 studies reported the user interface of HRSs, and most HRSs worked on users’ mobile interfaces, usually a mobile app. Two categories of HRS evaluations were used, and evaluations of HRSs varied greatly; 62.7% (32/51) of the studies used the offline evaluations using computational methods (no user), and 33.3% (17/51) of the studies included end users in their HRS evaluation.

Conclusions

Through this scoping review, nonmedical professionals and policy makers can visualize and better understand HRSs for future studies. The health care professionals and the end users should be encouraged to participate in the future design and development of HRSs to optimize their utility and successful implementation. Detailed evaluations of HRSs in a user-centered approach are needed in future studies.
The Use of 2 e-Learning Modalities for Diabetes Education Using Facebook in 2 Cities of Argentina During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study
Authors: Moyano Daniela Luz , Lopez María Victoria , Cavallo Ana , Candia Julia Patricia , Kaen Aaron , Irazola Vilma , Beratarrechea Andrea
Published: November 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic and the confinement that was implemented in Argentina generated a need to implement innovative tools for the strengthening of diabetes care. Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is a core element of diabetes care; however, because of COVID-19 restrictions, in-person diabetes educational activities were suspended. Social networks have played an instrumental role in this context to provide DSME in 2 cities of Argentina and help persons with diabetes in their daily self-management.

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate 2 diabetes education modalities (synchronous and asynchronous) using the social media platform Facebook through the content of posts on diabetes educational sessions in 2 cities of Argentina during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

In this qualitative study, we explored 2 modalities of e-learning (synchronous and asynchronous) for diabetes education that used the Facebook pages of public health institutions in Chaco and La Rioja, Argentina, in the context of confinement. Social media metrics and the content of the messages posted by users were analyzed.

Results

A total of 332 messages were analyzed. We found that in the asynchronous modality, there was a higher number of visualizations, while in the synchronous modality, there were more posts and interactions between educators and users. We also observed that the number of views increased when primary care clinics were incorporated as disseminators, sharing educational videos from the sessions via social media. Positive aspects were observed in the posts, consisting of messages of thanks and, to a lesser extent, reaffirmations, reflections or personal experiences, and consultations related to the subject treated. Another relevant finding was that the educator/moderator role had a greater presence in the synchronous modality, where posts were based on motivation for participation, help to resolve connectivity problems, and answers to specific user queries.

Conclusions

Our findings show positive contributions of an educational intervention for diabetes care using the social media platform Facebook in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although each modality (synchronous vs asynchronous) could have differential and particular advantages, we believe that these strategies have potential to be replicated and adapted to other contexts. However, more documented experiences are needed to explore their sustainability and long-term impact from the users' perspective.