bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of children’s temperament on recurrent unintentional injuries: the role of paternal parenting styles as a mediator
Authors: Zhang Liuyuan , Liu Jin , Tang Ying , Wang Li
Published: October 2022

Background

Unintentional injuries (UIs) pose a threat to the health of children all over the world and are a major global health problem. The recurrence of UIs are influenced by the host itself or environmental factors. Children’s temperament and paternal parenting styles (PPS) are important potential factors for poor health outcomes, including recurrent unintentional injuries (recurrent UIs). Therefore, exploring the relationship among these variables may help reduce the likelihood of recurrent UIs in children.

Purpose

To elucidate the mediating effect of PPS in the relationship of children’s temperament characteristics and recurrent UIs among children.

Methods

By multistage random cluster sampling method, a total of 2,850 pupils in grades four and five from 10 different schools were included. The survey included the characteristics of UIs in the past year, parenting styles, and children’s temperament. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the possible mediating effect of PPS between children’s temperament and recurrent UIs.

Results

In this study, the incidence rate of recurrent UIs was 3.8%. In temperament, children with recurrent UIs had higher mean scores than the non-recurrent UIs group (t = −3.40, −3.52, −3.45, respectively; p < 0.001) in the activity, predictability, persistence. Meanwhile, the scores of negative PPS (punishing, over-interference, rejection, and overprotection) were higher in the recurrent UIs group than in the non-recurrent UIs group (t = −5.78, −5.05, −5.56, and −3.29; p < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, respectively). Using a stepwise binary logistic regression model, grade (OR = 0.23, 95% CI [0.12–0.41], p < 0.001), activity (OR = 1.61, 95% CI [1.14–2.26], p = 0.007) and over-interference (OR = 2.28, 95% CI [1.37–3.80], p = 0.002) had a significant independent relationship with recurrent UIs. The SEM results indicated that children’s temperament was significantly related to negative PPS (β = 0.26, p < 0.001) and recurrent UIs (β = 0.11, p = 0.029). The results of the bootstrap test confirmed the significance of the mediating effect of PPS (β = 0.06, p < 0.001) between children’s temperament and recurrent UIs.

Conclusions

These results suggest that negative PPS plays an important role in mediating children’s temperament and recurrent UIs. It is essential to consider PPS when creating tailored intervention programs to reduce children’s recurrent UIs.
Location angle of second mesio-buccal canal in maxillary molars of an Indian population: an in vivo retrospective CBCT evaluation and proposal of a new classification
Authors: Vhorkate Kishor , Banga Kulvinder , Pawar Ajinkya M. , Mir Shugufta , Arora Suraj , Wahjuningrum Dian Agustin , Bhardwaj Anuj , Luke Alexander Maniangat
Published: October 2022

Background

The current investigation was designed for predicting the location angle of second mesio-buccal root canal in permanent maxillary (first and second) molars with the aid of proposed measuring points and line using cone beam computed tomography in an Indian population.

Methods

Three-hundred and twenty-four scans of permanent maxillary (first (n= 162) and second (n= 162)) molars with mesio-buccal 2 root canals and unassociated to the current evaluation were acquired. The maxillary molars were viewed with CSI imaging software. The images were captured and were further assessed using 3D Slicer. The assessment included of measuring the distance between the main mesio-buccal and mesio-buccal 2 canal and the angle at which the MB2 it is located utilizing proposed lines joining the disto-buccal and palatal canals. The data was tabulated for the incidence of various angles where the MB2 is located and MB-MB2 distance was determined. The angles denoted were either positive; I (0.1° to 1.9°), II (2° to 4°), III (>4°) or negative I (−0.1° to −1.9°), II (−2° to −4°), III (>−4°). On the data tabulated a new Banga Vhorkate and Pawar’s (BVP’s) angular classification for maxillary molars was proposed.

Results

The existence of positive angle III was found in 41.35% of maxillary first molars (36 right and 31 left of 162), whereas positive angle II appeared in 41.98% of maxillary second molars (32 right and 36 left of 162). The MB1–MB2 in maxillary 1stmolar is seen to be 3.12–3.31 mm and this distance in maxillary 2ndmolar is 2.8–3.1 mm. The disto-buccal to palatal canal orifice mean distance was 5.06–5.22 mm in maxillary first molars and 4.9–5.8 mm in maxillary second molars.

Conclusion

Accurate diagnosis of the location of second mesio-buccal canal increases the success rate of endodontic treatment and a better prognosis. The new proposed classification may be considerably helpful in the urge to locate the mesio-buccal 2 canal.
IMPACT STRENGTH OF HYBRID JOINTS
Authors:   Military University of Technology, Godzimirski Jan , Komorek Andrzej
Published: October 2022

Hybrid adhesive-mechanical joints compared to only adhesive or only mechanical joints are characterized by many advantages: greater stiffness, greater static strength, greater fatigue life, higher reliability, corrosion resistance. For these reasons, they are eagerly used in aviation structures. The aim of the research was to check the influence of hybridization on the impact toughness of connections. The static strength and the energy of dynamic destruction of lap joints loaded in shear by stretching or bending were compared: adhesive, riveted and hybrid joints. The tested hybrid joints were characterized by higher strength and dynamic destruction energy compared to adhesively bonded or riveted samples. The research also shows that the energy of dynamic failure increases if the failure of the joint is not complete and causes the connected elements to rotate around one rivet.
Assessment of the Impact of School Inspections to Students’ Academic Performance in Primary Schools: The Case of Mvomero District
Authors: Chilangilo Michael A.
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of school inspection on students’ academic performance in primary schools in Mvomero District. The study used mixed research approach. The sample size of this study was 179 respondents that include 122 ordinary teachers, 1district educational officer, 10 district inspectors, 13 assistant district primary school educational officers, 8 ward educational officers and 25 head teachers. Questionnaires were used to collect information from ordinary teachers, interview was used to collect information from the primary school head teachers, ward education officers, district primary school education officers and the district school inspection officers. Observation was used by the researcher in the field to collect information by observing. Quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics while qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. The study found that inspecting of teaching and learning documents, students’ notes and marked exercises, students’ academic records, and providing feedback after inspection for improvements are used in assessing the process of school inspection in primary schools. The results further show that impacts of primary school inspection include improvement of academic performance of students, increase teachers’ accountability to their work of teaching, improve teacher-student academic relations, solve problems of teacher-students relation, and enhance proper use of teaching and learning resources.
Association of Glu298Asp Polymorphism of eNOS Gene with Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Avdic Aldijana , Kurtcehajic Admir , Hadziavdic Vesna , Hercegovac Amela , Dautbasic Aldijana , Brzovic Senad , Siranovic Suad , Podjanin Maja , Dedic Jasmina , Cipurkovic Suada , Huskic Irma
Published: October 2022

Molecular-genetic diagnostics of polygenic diseases is a new and interesting area in laboratory diagnostics, especially in the area of cardiovascular diseases, as one of the leading causes of mortality in the world population.

Aims: The aim of the paper was to analyse variants of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS3) (Glu298Asp/G894T) in the human population of Tuzla Canton in relation to cardiovascular diseases.

Study Design: The study included 112 respondents of both sexes over 18 years old. The experimental group for the analysis of the polymorphism (Glu298Asp) of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene included 56 respondents of both sexes with cardiovascular disease (hypertension), while the control group comprised 56 healthy respondents of both sexes without a prior history of cardiovascular disease (sample/control).

Place and Duration of Study: Blood sampling was performed at Medical Center "Plava Poliklinika", “Plava Medical Group”, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Genetics, Tuzla. DNA isolation and molecular-genetic analysis of the samples were performed in Laboratory for scientific research at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics in Tuzla.

Methodology: The genotyping of eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism for all respondents was determined by an optimized method based on PCR-RFLP reaction.

Results: In the total sample of respondents, the highest genotype frequencies of the eNOS gene were recorded for the GG genotype (53.5%) and the GT genotype (35.7%). The lowest frequency was recorded for the TT genotype, which was 10.8%.

Conclusion: The results obtained in the study provide good guidelines for further study of a molecular-genetic association between a high number of gene candidates and cardiovascular diseases, which will contribute to the incorporation of these results into the existing regional and European genetic database.
Constraints Faced by the Beneficiaries of PMFBY and Suggestions Given by Them to Overcome the Constraints in Srikakulam District of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Nagesh H. , Rao B. Mukunda , Krishna T. Gopi
Published: October 2022

Unfavourable Climate is the major back lash to the farmers, to surmount that situation crop insurance is the yardstick for the farmers. To stabilize the farm income the farmer has to avail the crop insurance. The Pradhan Mantri Fasal BimaYojana was implemented to protect the farmers from crop loss due to unforeseen events and alleviate the heavy weight of financial risk on farmers and stabilize their farm income. Even though this crop insurance Program was found to be farmer-friendly, rural people still struggleto understand and accept it. The identified findings of the study show the key constraints and suggestions of the sample of 120 farmers in the Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh. In srikakulam ten farmers from each village were randomly selected namely Muddada, Ponnada, Ibrahimbad, Konagaram from Etcherla Mandal; Gara, Korlam, Korni, Kothurusyrigam from Gara Mandal; Telukunchi, Tulasigam, Paitharikeerthipuram, Haripuram from Ichchpuram mandal were selected for the study. Thus a total of twelve (12) villages were choosen for the study. The ex-post facto Research design was used for this study. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (r) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) are some statistical tools used in this study. The major constraints faced by the beneficiaries in PMFBY are lack of knowledge regarding PMFBY, lack of awareness of the benefits of crop insurance, delay in payment of compensation, the rate of premium is not universal for all crops, on-line registration and assessment of risk complexity, high rate of premium. The major suggestion given by them to overcome their constraints were to procedure of the scheme should be simplified, organize awareness programs for farmers regarding crop insurance, Organization of training programs on e-filling of insurance and benefit the farmers, the premium rate may be decreased, and Payment of the premium by the government for farmers below the poverty regarding PMFBY.
Effects of Charcoal Preservation Methods on the Biochemical Parameters of Three Varieties of Plantain (Musa ssp)
Authors: Charles Sabli Loh Tinnde , Maniga Wohi , Souleymane Coulibaly , Parfait Kouadio N’guessan Eugene Jean
Published: October 2022

Aims: To contribute to solving plantain post-harvest losses, six preservation methods combining charcoal and polyethylene bags were experimented on three different varieties of plantain (SACI, Big-Ebanga, and Orishele).

Place and Duration of Study: This work was carried out at the Biocatalysis and Bioprocesses Laboratory of Nangui Abrogoua University in Abidjan and the Food Technology Laboratory of the National Center for Agronomic Research in Côte d'Ivoire.

Methodology: Some Biochemical parameters of these fruits are monitored to know the effects of these preservation methods during storage.

Results: The outcomes indicate an average shelf green life extension of up to 30 days for fruits preserved in polyethylene containing charcoal, while fruits preserved in polyethylene without charcoal have only 24 days on average. The control test (fruits stored in the open air) showed an average shelf green life of 12 days. During storage, total carbohydrate levels increase and values range from 92.49% to 70.05%. Those of total sugars also increase and the levels evolve from 0.47 to 30.83 g/100 g DM. On the other hand, there is a decrease in starch levels (42.66 and 64.05 mg/100g DM).

Conclusion: Charcoal can extend the shelf green life of plantain bananas for up to a month. These methods can be recommended to actors in the sector to reduce post-harvest losses.
Evaluation of Maize Varieties for Resistance to Field Pests: Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith) and Stem Borer in a Tropical Rainforest Agro-Ecology
Authors: Oluwaranti A. , Olaifa G. , Bakare A. M. , Akanmu B. B.
Published: October 2022

Aims: To evaluate newly improved maize varieties for fall armyworm and stem borer resistance and determine the relationship among traits for increased productivity in a rainforest location in Nigeria.

Study Design: The experiments were laid out in a 10 x 10 triple lattice design with three replications and Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in four replicates.

Place and Duration of Study: Field experiments were conducted during the late seasons of 2018 and 2019 at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching and Research Farm, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.

Methodology: Hundred newly improved maize varieties were evaluated during the late season of 2018 for fall armyworm resistance, while ten stem borers resistant varieties were evaluated during the late season of 2019. Data were collected on emergence, flowering, vegetative, armyworm, and grain yield traits. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), descriptive statistics, correlation and cluster Analysis.

Results: Differential responses for resistance to fall armyworm traits were observed for all the varieties evaluated. Fall armyworm trait was observed to be negatively correlated with emergence percentage and ear number and positively correlated with flowering traits and moisture content. Furthermore, the results from the stem borer varieties evaluation indicated varietal differences for emergence percentage, plant height, ear height and kernel number. Stand count, ear number and weight per plot, moisture content had a significant positive correlation with yield while days to tasseling and silking and kernel row number had a significant negative correlation with yield.

Conclusion: The best resistant varieties to fall armyworm were F2SCA 1413-36, ACR. 06 TZL COMP. 3C4 and 2013 TZEE-W POP STR with 6.01 tons/ha, 5.11 tons/ha, and 4.87 tons/ha of yield respectively while that of stem borer were TZBR Comp 1 –W C2 and Ama TZBR-W C4 with grain yield of 3.7 tons/hectare and 3.5 tons/hectare respectively.
Nutritional profile and food characteristics served to adolescents in compliance with socio-educational measure / Perfil nutricional e características da alimentação servida aos adolescentes em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa
Authors: Carvalho Alexsandra Hermelina de , Feitosa Lucíola Galvão Gondim Corrêa , Paiva Adriana de Azevedo , Ribeiro Ivonizete Pires , Martins Maria do Carmo de Carvalho e
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: avaliar o perfil nutricional e as características da alimentação servida aos adolescentes em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa. Método: pesquisa quantitativa, transversal e descritiva. Foram pesquisados adolescentes com idades entre 13 a 19 anos e 11 meses. Resultados: observou-se que 48,3% dos adolescentes estavam na faixa dos 16 a 17 anos e eram procedentes de Teresina, Piauí. A maioria foi classificada como eutrófica, de acordo com índice de massa corpórea (74,6%), circunferência do braço (83%) e estatura/idade (91,5%). A avaliação da qualidade da dieta mostrou que energia (107,5%) e lipídios (101,9%) estavam dentro do preconizado, mas a dieta estava inadequada em relação a todos os micronutrientes. A densidade energética (1,7 kcal/g) e o NDpCal% (8,11%) estavam adequados. Conclusão: a avaliação da dieta dos adolescentes em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa mostrou inadequações em relação aos micronutrientes. Assim, maiores cuidados devem ser tomados no planejamento da alimentação servida aos adolescentes.
Physician Attitudes About Using Life Expectancy to Inform Cancer Screening Cessation in Older Adults—Results From a National Survey
Authors: Schoenborn Nancy Li , Boyd Cynthia M. , Pollack Craig Evan
Published: October 2022

This survey study assessed physicians’ attitudes about the use of life expectancy as a guide in the decision to stop cancer screening in older adults.
MYC and therapy resistance in cancer: risks and opportunities
Authors: Donati Giulio , Amati Bruno
Published: October 2022

The MYC transcription factor, encoded by the c‐MYC proto‐oncogene, is activated by growth‐promoting signals, and is a key regulator of biosynthetic and metabolic pathways driving cell growth and proliferation. These same processes are deregulated in MYC‐driven tumors, where they become critical for cancer cell proliferation and survival. As other oncogenic insults, overexpressed MYC induces a series of cellular stresses (metabolic, oxidative, replicative, etc.) collectively known as oncogenic stress, which impact not only on tumor progression, but also on the response to therapy, with profound, multifaceted consequences on clinical outcome. On one hand, recent evidence uncovered a widespread role for MYC in therapy resistance in multiple cancer types, with either standard chemotherapeutic or targeted regimens. Reciprocally, oncogenic MYC imparts a series of molecular and metabolic dependencies to cells, thus giving rise to cancer‐specific vulnerabilities that may be exploited to obtain synthetic‐lethal interactions with novel anticancer drugs. Here we will review the current knowledge on the links between MYC and therapeutic responses, and will discuss possible strategies to overcome resistance through new, targeted interventions.
A component method to delineate surgical spine implants for proton Monte Carlo dose calculation
Authors: Chang Chih‐Wei , Charyyev Serdar , Harms Joseph , Slopsema Roelf , Wolf Jonathan , Refai Daniel , Yoon Tim , McDonald Mark W. , Bradley Jeffrey D. , Leng Shuai , Zhou Jun , Yang Xiaofeng , Lin Liyong
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Metallic implants have been correlated to local control failure for spinal sarcoma and chordoma patients due to the uncertainty of implant delineation from computed tomography (CT). Such uncertainty can compromise the proton Monte Carlo dose calculation (MCDC) accuracy. A component method is proposed to determine the dimension and volume of the implants from CT images.

Methods

The proposed component method leverages the knowledge of surgical implants from medical supply vendors to predefine accurate contours for each implant component, including tulips, screw bodies, lockers, and rods. A retrospective patient study was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the method. The reference implant materials and samples were collected from patient medical records and vendors, Medtronic and NuVasive. Additional CT images with extensive features, such as extended Hounsfield units and various reconstruction diameters, were used to quantify the uncertainty of implant contours.

Results

For in vivo patient implant estimation, the reference and the component method differences were 0.35, 0.17, and 0.04 cm3for tulips, screw bodies, and rods, respectively. The discrepancies by a conventional threshold method were 5.46, 0.76, and 0.05 cm3, respectively. The mischaracterization of implant materials and dimensions can underdose the clinical target volume coverage by 20 cm3for a patient with eight lumbar implants. The tulip dominates the dosimetry uncertainty as it can be made from titanium or cobalt–chromium alloys by different vendors.

Conclusions

A component method was developed and demonstrated using phantom and patient studies with implants. The proposed method provides more accurate implant characterization for proton MCDC and can potentially enhance the treatment quality for proton therapy. The current proof‐of‐concept study is limited to the implant characterization for lumbar spine. Future investigations could be extended to cervical spine and dental implants for head‐and‐neck patients where tight margins are required to spare organs at risk.
Bioessential Inorganic Molecular Wire‐Reinforced 3D‐Printed Hydrogel Scaffold for Enhanced Bone Regeneration
Authors: Lee Jin Woong , Chae Sudong , Oh Seungbae , Kim Dai‐Hwan , Kim Si Hyun , Kim Seung Jae , Choi Jae‐Young , Lee Jung Heon , Song Si Young
Published: October 2022

Materials with physicochemical properties and biological activities similar to those of the natural extracellular matrix are in high demand in tissue engineering. In particular, Mo3Se3− inorganic molecular wire (IMW) is a promising material composed of bioessential minerals and possess nanometer‐scale diameters, negatively charged surfaces, physical flexibility, and nanotopography characteristics, which are essential for interactions with cell membrane proteins. Here, an implantable 3D Mo3Se3− IMW enhanced gelatin‐GMA/silk‐GMA hydrogel (IMW‐GS hydrogel) is developed for osteogenesis and bone formation, followed by biological evaluations. The mechanical properties of the 3D printed IMW‐GS hydrogel are improved by noncovalent interactions between the Mo3Se3− IMWs and the positively charged residues of the gelatin molecules. Long‐term biocompatibility with primary human osteoblast cells (HOBs) is confirmed using the IMW‐GS hydrogel. The proliferation, osteogenic gene expression, collagen accumulation, and mineralization of HOBs improve remarkably with the IMW‐GS hydrogel. In in vivo evaluations, the IMW‐GS hydrogel implantation exhibits a significantly improved new bone regeneration of 87.8 ± 5.9% (p < 0.05) for 8 weeks, which is higher than that from the gelatin‐GMA/silk‐GMA hydrogel without Mo3Se3− IMW. These results support a new improved strategy with in vitro and in vivo performance of 3D IMW enhanced scaffolds in tissue engineering.
A Defect‐Engineered Nanozyme for Targeted NIR‐II Photothermal Immunotherapy of Cancer
Authors: Jana Deblin , He Bing , Chen Yun , Liu Jiawei , Zhao Yanli
Published: October 2022

Multienzyme‐mimicking redox nanozymes, curated by defect engineering, in synergy with immunotherapy offer promising prospects for safe and efficient cancer therapy. However, the spatiotemporally precise immune response often gets challenged by off‐target adverse effects and insufficient therapeutic response. Herein, a tumor cell membrane coated redox nanozyme (CMO‐R@4T1) is reported for combinational second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) photothermal immunotherapy. CMO‐R@4T1 consists of a Cu‐doped MoOx (CMO) nanozyme as the core, which is cloaked with tumor‐cell‐derived fused membranes with immunostimulants immobilized in the membrane shell. In addition to the enhanced tumor accumulation, the nanozyme can cause oxidative damage to tumor cells by the production of reactive oxygen species and attenuation of the antioxidant mechanism. CMO‐R@4T1 also mediates a photothermal effect under NIR‐II photoirradiation to trigger tumor eradication and immunogenic cell death, where the liberated agonist elicits the immune activation. Such a controlled therapeutic paradigm potentiates systemic primary tumor ablation, inhibits cancer metastasis to distant tumor, and procures long‐term immunological memory. Thereby, this study takes advantage of defect engineering to illustrate a generic strategy to prepare cell‐membrane‐camouflaged nanozymes for targeted photo‐immunotherapy of cancer.
Ferritin‐Hijacking Nanoparticles Spatiotemporally Directing Endogenous Ferroptosis for Synergistic Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Zhu Luwen , You Yuchan , Zhu Minxia , Song Yanling , Zhang Jucong , Hu Jiahao , Xu Xinyi , Xu Xiaoling , Du Yongzhong , Ji Jiansong
Published: October 2022

Existing ferroptosis as an iron‐dependent form of regulated cell death primarily relies on importing exogenous iron. However, the excessive employment of toxic materials may cause potential adverse effects on human health. Herein, a ferritin‐hijacking nanoparticle (Ce6‐PEG‐HKN15) is fabricated, by conjugating the ferritin‐homing peptide HKN15 with the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) for endogenous ferroptosis without introducing Fenton‐reactive metals. Once internalized, the designed Ce6‐PEG‐HKN15 NPs can specifically accumulate around ferritin. With laser irradiation, the activated Ce6 in nanoparticles potently generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) surrounding ferritin. Abundant ROS not only helps to destroy the iron storage protein and activate endogenous ferroptosis but also directly kill tumor cells. In turn, the released iron partially interacts with intracellular excess H2O2 to produce O2, thereby enhancing photodynamic therapy and further amplifying oxidative stress. Overall, this work highlights the possibility of endogenous ferroptosis via spatiotemporally destroying ferritin, offering a paradigm for synergistic ferroptosis–photodynamic antitumor therapy.
Activating Organic Phosphorescence via Heavy Metal–π Interaction Induced Intersystem Crossing
Authors: Sun Meng‐Jia , Anhalt Olga , Sárosi Menyhárt B. , Stolte Matthias , Würthner Frank
Published: October 2022

Heavy‐atom‐containing clusters, nanocrystals, and other semiconductors can sensitize the triplet states of their surface‐bonded chromophores, but the energy loss, such as nonradiative deactivation, often prevents the synergistic light emission in their solid‐state coassemblies. Cocrystallization allows new combinations of molecules with complementary properties for achieving functionalities not available in single components. Here, the cocrystal formation that employs platinum(II) acetylacetonate (Pt(acac)2) as a triplet sensitizer and electron‐deficient 1,4,5,8‐naphthalene diimides (NDIs) as organic phosphors is reported. The hybrid cocrystals exhibit room‐temperature phosphorescence confined in the low‐lying, long‐lived triplet state of NDIs with photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (ΦPL) exceeding 25% and a phosphorescence lifetime (τPh) of 156 µs. This remarkable PL property benefits from the noncovalent electronic and spin–orbital coupling between the constituents.
Can we identify WHIM in infancy? Opportunities with the public newborn screening process
Authors: Yilmaz Melis , Potts David Evan , Geier Christoph , Walter Jolan E.
Published: October 2022

Newborn screening (NBS) for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) utilizing T‐cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) has been implemented in all 50 states as of December 2018 and has been transformative for the clinical care of SCID patients. Though having high sensitivity for SCID, NBS‐SCID has low specificity, therefore is able to detect other causes of lymphopenia in newborns including many inborn errors of immunity (IEIs). In a recent study, three of six newborns later diagnosed with Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections, and Myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome were found to have a low TRECs and lymphopenia at birth. This presents an opportunity to increase the detection and diagnosis of WHIM syndrome by NBS‐SCID with immunological follow‐up along with a combination of flow cytometry for immune cell subsets, absolute neutrophil count, and genetic testing, extending beyond the conventional bone marrow studies. Coupled with emerging technologies such as next‐generation sequencing, transcriptomics and proteomics, dried blood spots used in NBS‐SCID will promote earlier detection, diagnosis, and therefore treatment of IEIs such as WHIM syndrome.
Recentering forensic anthropology within a multifaceted body of evolutionary theory: Strengthening method by making theory explicit
Authors: Winburn Allysha Powanda , Yim An‐Di , Stock Michala K.
Published: October 2022

The discipline of forensic anthropology has been critiqued for its lack of a theoretical basis. In response, practitioners often assert that their analyses are implicitly grounded in evolutionary theory. However, the nature of this theoretical grounding is little discussed in the forensic anthropology literature, beyond, for example, statements indicating that sex‐based pelvic differences have evolved in response to increasing encephalization within the genusHomo, or that clinal variation in features like limb proportions have evolved within our species due to environmental pressures that differ on a gradient. Further, while the role of natural selection in shaping the morphologies analyzed in biological profile estimation is undeniable, adaptation in response to environmental pressures does not explain all variation within our species. Evolutionary theory is not monolithic; different perspectives on the primacy of functional adaptation versus factors like drift and phenotypic plasticity lead to differences in skeletal interpretations and lead researchers to novel approaches in creating new or improving current methodologies. Various theoretical perspectives underpin forensic anthropological analyses, and in order for forensic anthropology to be truly grounded in evolutionary theory, these theoretical perspectives must be not only made explicit but also interrogated in terms of how they inform forensic anthropological interpretations.
Crownphyrins: Metal‐Mediated Transformations of the Porphyrin‐Crown Ether Hybrids
Authors: Matviyishyn Maksym , Białońska Agata , Szyszko Bartosz
Published: October 2022

Crownphyrins are hybrid macrocycles combining structural features of porphyrin and crown ethers. The molecular architecture renders them an intriguing class of hosts capable of binding neutral, and ionic guests. The presence of dynamic covalent imine linkages connecting the dipyrrin segment with the ether chain enables unusual coordination behavior of crownphyrins, as demonstrated by the formation of two classes of strikingly different complexes. The remarkable metal‐mediated expansion to the helical [2+2] macrocyclic complex is reversible. The reaction of the figure‐eight mercury(II) assembly with [2.2.2]cryptand results in ring contraction providing the metal‐free crownphyrin macrocycle.
Esters from castor oil functionalized with aromatic amines as a potential lubricant
Authors: de Andrade Souza Laura , Moreira Denise Ramos , Ricardo Nágila Maria Pontes Silva , Maier Martin Edmund , Filho Paulo Roberto Campos Flexa Ribeiro , Luna Francisco Murilo Tavares , Petzhold Cesar Liberato
Published: October 2022

Vegetable oils are very promising alternatives to fossil lubricants due to their abundance, low cost, excellent performance, and environmental friendliness. Due to its multifunctional structure, castor oil is an excellent precursor in the synthesis of new biolubricants. However, it showed poor thermal‐oxidative stability and a higher pour point. This study used castor oil fatty acids prepared by transesterification (EHRO), epoxidation (TEPO), and oxirane ring opening with the aromatic amines aniline (ANIL) andp‐anisidine (ANIS). The chemical structure of these oils was verified by1H and13C NMR analysis, and mass spectrometry. Measurements show that the presence of an aromatic amine increases the viscosity resulting in 172 (ANIL) and 199 (ANIS) cSt at 40°C, but reduces viscosity index to 16 and 1, respectively. In addition, the amine groups can scavenge radicals increasing their thermal and oxidative stability. These products do not oxidize copper, and tribological analysis reveals that ANIS has the lowest torque with wear equivalent to commercial mineral lubricant NH‐140.
A bilateral asymmetrical hip dislocation: A rare case report
Authors: Alnaser Adnan Ayman Mohammed Adnan , Abd‐Elmaged Hozifa Mohammed Ali , Mohammed Fatima Elbasri Abuelgasim , Abd ALLAH Reyad Abd Albagi Ahmed , Mohamed Ahmed Hussien Mohamed Abdalla
Published: October 2022

A 17‐year‐old male was ejected from the motorcycle and brought to the Emergency Department with bilateral hip dislocation and absence of pelvic or femur fractures or sciatic nerve injury. Closed reduction and postreduction examination were performed with a bilateral stable full range of motion in all directions.
Monitoring the Dissolution and Hydrolysis of Pyrosulfate by Electrochemistry at a Liquid‐Liquid Microinterface Array
Authors: G. Henares Terence , Gale Julian D. , Herzog Grégoire , Arrigan Damien W. M.
Published: October 2022

Dissolution and hydrolysis processes are important in a variety of settings, including industrial and environmental applications. In this work, the hydrolysis of pyrosulfate (disulfate) was investigated by ion‐transfer electrochemistry at an array of microinterfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (μITIES). Current associated with pyrosulfate transfer was observed, but it decreased with time. This is due to the hydrolysis of pyrosulfate to hydrogen sulfate and sulfate. Corroborating data for the hydrolysis was obtained from pH measurements (acidification of the aqueous solution) and Raman spectroscopy (formation of sulfate and hydrogen sulfate). Measurement of the ion‐transfer potential from the voltammograms enabled estimation of pyrosulfate's Gibbs energy of transfer between the phases. Quantum mechanical calculations were employed to estimate the thermodynamics for the reactions of pyrosulfate, hydrogen sulfate and sulfate, which supported the experimentally observed trends. Altogether, these results illustrate the use of electrochemistry at the μITIES to characterise dissolution and hydrolysis processes.
Calcium Hydride Cation Dimer Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Unactivated 1‐Alkenes and H2 Isotope Exchange: Competitive Ca−H−Ca Bridges and Terminal Ca−H Bonds
Authors: Qu Zheng‐Wang , Zhu Hui , Grimme Stefan
Published: October 2022

Recently, it was shown that the double Ca−H−Ca bridged calcium hydride cation dimer complex [LCaH2CaL]2+ (macrocyclic ligand L=NNNN‐tetradentate Me4TACD) exhibited remarkable activity in catalyzing the hydrogenation of unactivated 1‐alkenes as well as the H2 isotope exchange under mild conditions, tentatively via the terminal Ca−H bond of cation monomer LCaH+. In this DFT mechanistic work, a novel substrate‐dependent catalytic mechanism is disclosed involving cooperative Ca−H−Ca bridges for H2 isotope exchange, competitive Ca−H−Ca bridges and terminal Ca−H bonds for anti‐Markovnikov addition of unactivated 1‐alkenes, and terminal Ca−H bonds for Markovnikov addition of conjugation‐activated styrene. THF‐coordination plays a key role in favoring the anti‐Markovnikov addition while strong cation‐π interactions direct the Markovnikov addition to terminal Ca−H bonds.
Simultaneous Loading of Ni2P Cocatalysts on the Inner and Outer Surfaces of Mesopores P‐Doped Carbon Nitride Hollow Spheres for Enhanced Photocatalytic Water‐Splitting Activity
Authors: Lv Yujing , Zhang Wei , Gu Quan , Gao Ziwei
Published: October 2022

Promoting charge separation, constructing active sites, and improving the utilization of metal atoms are very important for the design of efficient photocatalysts. A simultaneous loading of Ni2P cocatalysts on the inner and outer surfaces of mesoporous P‐doped carbon nitride hollow nanospheres (PCNHS) to construct a Ni2P@PCNHS@Ni2P photocatalyst is reported. Ni2P cocatalysts loading provides enough active sites on both the inner and outer surfaces for proton reduction, and the formed heterojunctions simultaneously promote the migration and separation of the photogenerated charges on the inner and outer surfaces. The photocatalytic reaction proceeds simultaneously on the inner and outer surfaces of Ni2P@PCNHS@Ni2P, which leads to a significantly improved photocatalytic water splitting performance and enhanced atomic utilization. Notably, the hydrogen evolution rate of Ni2P@PCNHS@Ni2P is 2.4 times higher than that of Pt‐loaded PCNHS. The findings guide the design of hollow nanostructured composites with high‐boosting photocatalytic performance.
Reactivity of Sodium Pentaphospholide Na[cyclo‐P5] towards C≡E (E=C, N, P) Triple Bonds
Authors: Petrov Andrey , Conrad Lawrence , Coles Nathan T. , Weber Manuela , Andrae Dirk , Zagidullin Almaz , Miluykov Vasili , Müller Christian
Published: October 2022

A diglyme solution of Na[cyclo‐P5] (1) reacts with alkynes and isolobal nitriles and phosphaalkynes to afford the otherwise elusive (aza)phospholide anions2 a–c,4 a,b, and6. The reaction of Na[cyclo‐P5] with alkynes and nitriles was studied by means of DFT methods, which suggested a concerted mechanism for the formation of2 aand4 b. The anions2 a–c,4 a,b, and6coordinate in anη5‐fashion towards FeIIto give the sandwich (aza)phosphametallocenes3 a–c,5 a,band7in moderate to good yields. The new compounds were characterized by means of multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and cyclic voltammetry.
Solubility correlation by model with partial molar volume
Authors: Yu Qiushuo , Li Junjun , Liu Chao , Yang Huaiyu
Published: October 2022

Jouyban‐Acree/van't Hoff model was often used to correlate solubility data, which was related to temperature, and the mole fraction of each solvent in the mixture of two solvents. In this work, the partial molar volume of each component in the mixture of two solvents was first time introduced as a modification to the Jouyban‐Acree/van't Hoff model. Furthermore, machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) technology based on temperature, mole fraction, and partial molar volume of each solvent were employed to improve the accuracy of the solubility estimation. The models were evaluated in terms of their ability to mathematically correlate solute solubility in binary solvents. An average root mean square deviation (RMSD) is used to measure the deviation between the calculated values and the experimental values. With partial molar volume as a modified parameter of the Jouyban‐Acree/van't Hoff model, the overall RMSD of all the correlations of solubility improved.
Discovery and Structural Explorations of G‐Protein Biased μ‐Opioid Receptor Agonists
Authors: Li Xiang , Guo Yanhao , Li Jing , Yu Zixing , Cheng Jingchao , Ren Fengxia , Jia Hongxin , Zhang Yatong , Cui Shiqiang , Zhang Tao , Shi Weiguo
Published: October 2022

Compounds that activate only the G‐protein signalling pathway represent an effective strategy for making safer opioids. In the present study, we report the design, synthesis and evaluation of two classes of novel PZM21 derivatives containing the benzothiophene ring and biphenyl ring group respectively as biased μ‐opioid receptor (μOR) agonists. The new compound SWG‐LX‐33 showed potent μOR agonist activity and produced μOR‐dependent analgesia. SWG‐LX‐33 does not activate the β‐arrestin‐2 signalling pathway in vitro even at high concentrations. Computational docking demonstrated the amino acid residue ASN150 to be critical for the weak efficacy and potency of μOR agonists in arrestin recruitment.
Cell‐free DNA 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine as a marker for common cancer detection
Authors: Shao Jianming , Bernicker Eric H. , He Chuan , Li Zejuan
Published: October 2022

Background

Early cancer detection can dramatically improve clinical outcomes and greatly reduce economic burden of patients. Plasma cell–free DNA (cfDNA) 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is an emerging epigenetic marker for cancer diagnosis. However, the utility of such marker has not been investigated in many common cancers yet. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 5hmC in plasma cfDNA for an early detection of common cancers.

Methods

We used a highly sensitive nano‐5hmC‐Seal method and profiled the genome‐wide distribution of 5hmC in plasma cfDNA from 384 patients with bladder, breast, colorectal, kidney, lung or prostate cancer and 221 controls. Genes and signalling pathways with differential hydroxymethylation were analysed. We used machine learning to develop 5hmC signatures for cancer detection and cancer‐origin determination in the training sets and validated the signatures in the validation sets.

Results

We identified genes and signalling pathways with aberrant DNA hydroxymethylation in six cancers. We discovered a pan‐cancer signature that detected all six cancers with a sensitivity of 68.6% and a specificity of 96.6% and cancer–specific signatures with a sensitivity of 80.0% for breast cancer, 88.9% for kidney cancer, 94.1% for lung cancer and 96.4% for prostate cancer, and a specificity of 100% for all except lung (96.2%). The sensitivity of cancer–specific signatures was 89.3%–100.0% for early‐stage cancers. The lung cancer–specific signature achieved a sensitivity of 98.0% and a specificity of 82.3% in an independent patient cohort with different ethnic backgrounds. Additionally, we discovered a 5hmC signature that could accurately determine cancer origin.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that plasma cfDNA 5hmC is a highly sensitive biomarker for common cancer detection. Our genome‐wide analysis of 5hmC in six cancers reveals new target genes and signalling pathways with therapeutic potential for common cancers.
Shielding device for endoscopic procedures during lower gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Kikuchi Daisuke , Ariyoshi Daiki , Suzuki Yugo , Ochiai Yorinari , Odagiri Hiroyuki , Hayasaka Junnosuke , Tanaka Masami , Morishima Tetsuya , Kimura Keita , Ezawa Hiroshi , Nakagawa Sanae , Iwamoto Risa , Matsuwaki Yoshinori , Hoteya Shu
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The coronavirus pandemic significantly impacted endoscopic practice. During lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, infectious substances disseminate; therefore, we developed an infection control device (STEP‐L) for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy and examined its usefulness.

Methods

STEP‐L wraps around the patient's buttocks and covers the endoscope. Using lower endoscopy training models, three endoscopists performed 18 colonoscopies with STEP‐L (group S) and without (group C). Endoscopic insertion time and pigmented areas of ​​gloves and diapers after the examination were compared between both groups.

Results

Insertion of the endoscope up to the cecum was possible in all 18 examinations. The insertion time to the cecum was 52.4 ± 19.0 s in group S and 53.9 ± 13.3 s in group C. The pigmented areas of the ​​gloves measured 39,108.0 ± 16,155.3 pixels in group C, but were significantly reduced to 2610.5 ± 4333.8 pixels in group S (p < 0.05). The pigmented areas of the diapers measured 2280.9 ± 3285.2 pixels in group C, but were significantly reduced to 138.0 ± 82.9 pixels in group S (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Using STEP‐L does not change the insertion time, and is technically feasible. STEP‐L significantly reduces the adhesion of virtual pollutants to the surroundings, suggesting that this device is useful for infection control during lower gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Impact of maternal physical exercise on inflammatory and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis markers in the brain and lungs of prenatally stressed neonatal mice
Authors: da Costa Mariana Severo , Luft Carolina , Sbruzzi Mariana , de Oliveira Jarbas Rodrigues , Donadio Márcio Vinícius Fagundes
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal exercise on alterations induced by prenatal stress in markers of the inflammatory process and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in the brain and lungs of neonatal mice. Female Balb/c mice were divided into three groups: control, prenatal restraint stress, prenatal restraint stress and physical exercise before and during the gestational period. On day 0 (PND0) and 10 (PND10), mice were euthanized for brain and lung analyses. The gene expression of GR, MR, IL‐6, IL‐10, and TNF in the brain and lungs and the protein expression of MMP‐2 in the lungs were analyzed. Maternal exercise reduced IL‐6 and IL‐10 gene expression in the brain of PND0 mice. Prenatal stress and maternal exercise decreased GR, MR, IL‐6, and TNF gene expression in the lungs of PND0 mice. In the hippocampus of PND10 females, exercise inhibited the effects of prenatal stress on the expression of MR, IL‐6, and IL‐10. In the lungs of PND10 females, exercise prevented the decrease in GR expression caused by prenatal stress. In the hippocampus and lungs of PND10 males, prenatal stress decreased GR gene expression. Our findings confirm the effects induced by prenatal stress and demonstrate that physical exercise before and during the gestational period may have a protective role on inflammatory changes.
Making sense of multivariate community responses in global change experiments
Authors: Avolio Meghan L. , Komatsu Kimberly J. , Koerner Sally E. , Grman Emily , Isbell Forest , Johnson David S. , Wilcox Kevin R. , Alatalo Juha M. , Baldwin Andrew H. , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Britton Andrea J. , Foster Bryan L. , Harmens Harry , Kern Christel C. , Li Wei , McLaren Jennie R. , Reich Peter B. , Souza Lara , Yu Qiang , Zhang Yunhai
Published: October 2022

Ecological communities are being impacted by global change worldwide. Experiments are a powerful tool to understand how global change will impact communities by comparing control and treatment replicates. Communities consist of multiple species, and their associated abundances make multivariate methods an effective approach to study community compositional differences between control and treated replicates. Dissimilarity metrics are a commonly employed multivariate measure of compositional differences; however, while highly informative, dissimilarity metrics do not elucidate the specific ways in which communities differ. Integrating two multivariate methods, dissimilarity metrics and rank abundance curves (RACs), have the potential to detect complex differences based on dissimilarity metrics and detail the how these differences came about through differences in richness, evenness, species ranks, or species identity. Here we use a database of 106 global change experiments located in herbaceous ecosystems and explore how patterns of ordinations based on dissimilarity metrics relate to RAC‐based differences. We find that combining dissimilarity metrics alongside RAC‐based measures clarifies how global change treatments are altering communities. We find that when there is no difference in community composition (no distance between centroids of control and treated replicates), there are rarely differences in species ranks or species identities and more often differences in richness or evenness alone. In contrast, when there are differences between centroids of control and treated replicates, this is most often associated with differences in ranks either alone or co‐occurring with differences in richness, evenness, or species identities. We suggest that integrating these two multivariate measures of community composition results in a deeper understanding of how global change impacts communities.