bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aberrant hyperediting of the myeloma transcriptome by ADAR1 confers oncogenicity and is a marker of poor prognosis
Authors: Teoh Phaik Ju , An Omer , Chung Tae-Hoon , Chooi Jing Yuan , Toh Sabrina H. M. , Fan Shuangyi , Wang Wilson , Koh Bryan T. H. , Fullwood Melissa J. , Ooi Melissa G. , de Mel Sanjay , Soekojo Cinnie Y. , Chen Leilei , Ng Siok Bian , Yang Henry , Chng Wee Joo
Published: July 2018

Key Points

The integrity of the MM transcriptome is compromised by ADAR1 overexpression, conferring oncogenic events in an editing-dependent manner. NEIL1 is an important ADAR1 editing target, and its recoded protein has a defective functional capacity and gain-of-function properties.
The molecular genetic background leading to the formation of the human erythroid-specific Xga/CD99 blood groups
Authors: Yeh Chih-Chun , Chang Ching-Jin , Twu Yuh-Ching , Chu Chen-Chung , Liu Bi-Shan , Huang Ji-Ting , Hung Shu-Ting , Chan Yung-Syu , Tsai Yi-Jui , Lin Sheng-Wei , Lin Marie , Yu Lung-Chih
Published: July 2018

Key Points

SNP rs311103 is associated with human erythroid-specific Xga/CD99 blood group phenotypes. The erythroid GATA1 factor binds to the polymorphic rs311103 genomic region differentially, which affects transcriptional activity.
Journal of Foot and Ankle Research: the first ten years
Authors: Menz Hylton B. , Borthwick Alan M. , Bowen Catherine J.
Published: July 2018

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research (JFAR) was launched in July 2008 as the official research publication of the Society of Chiropodists and Podiatrists (UK) and the Australasian Podiatry Council, replacing both the British Journal of Podiatry and the Australasian Journal of Podiatric Medicine. This editorial celebrates the 10 year anniversary of the journal.
Critical Choices: What Information Do Patients Want When Selecting a Hospital for Cancer Surgery?
Authors: Yang Annie , Chimonas Susan , Bach Peter B. , Taylor David J. , Lipitz-Snyderman Allison
Published: July 2018

Purpose:

Access to comparative information on hospitals’ quality of cancer care is limited. Patients’ interest in using this information when selecting a hospital for cancer surgery and the specific data they would desire are unknown. This study gauges patients’ demand for comparative information on hospitals’ quality of cancer surgery.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional, national survey of 3,334 US residents who had received cancer surgery. The outcomes were patients’ reported likelihood of using a list of best hospitals for cancer surgery and patients’ reported interest in information about specific clinical outcomes, including 4-year survival after surgery, 30-day mortality after surgery, and rate of complications from surgery.

Results:

Two thirds of patients (68%) reported being actively involved in selecting a hospital for their surgery, and two thirds (65%) reported that their physician was involved in or made this decision. When asked what information might have helped them to choose a hospital, participants identified the hospital’s reputation (55%), patient satisfaction (44%), and the number of cancer surgeries performed at the hospital (36%). Approximately three quarters (73%) reported being likely to use a list of best hospitals for cancer surgery when selecting a hospital. Approximately 40% expressed interest in having information on at least one clinical outcome.

Conclusion:

Widespread interest exists among patients with cancer for comparative information on hospital quality as well as on clinical outcomes and hospitals’ reputation for cancer surgery. Policy reforms and additional research should address the unmet need for transparent, comprehensive data on the quality of hospitals’ cancer care.
Mutational Signature and Transcriptomic Classification Analyses as the Decisive Diagnostic Tools for a Cancer of Unknown Primary
Authors: Bagge Roger Olofsson , Demir Akif , Karlsson Joakim , Alaei-Mahabadi Babak , Einarsdottir Berglind O. , Jespersen Henrik , Lindberg Mattias F. , Muth Andreas , Nilsson Lisa M. , Persson Marta , Svensson Johanna B. , Söderberg Elin M.V. , de Krijger Ronald R. , Nilsson Ola , Larsson Erik , Stenman Göran , Nilsson Jonas A.
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Cancer of unknown primary is a group of metastatic tumors in which the standard diagnostic workup fails to identify the site of origin of the tumor. The potential impact of precision oncology on this group of patients is large, because actionable driver mutations and a correct diagnosis could provide treatment options otherwise not available for patients with these fatal cancers. This study investigated if comprehensive genomic analyses could provide information on the origin of the tumor.

Patients and Methods

Here we describe a patient whose tumor was misdiagnosed at least three times. Next-generation sequencing, a patient-derived xenograft mouse model, and bioinformatics were used to identify an actionable mutation, predict resistance development to the targeted therapy, and correctly diagnose the origin of the tumor. Transcriptomic classification was benchmarked using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Results

Despite the lack of a known primary tumor site and the absence of diagnostic immunohistochemical markers, the origin of the patient’s tumor was established using the novel bioinformatic workflow. This included a mutational signature analysis of the sequenced metastases and comparison of their transcriptomic profiles to a pan-cancer panel of tumors from TCGA. We further discuss the strengths and limitations of the latter approaches in the context of three potentially incorrectly diagnosed TCGA lung tumors.

Conclusion

Comprehensive genomic analyses can provide information on the origin of tumors in patients with cancer of unknown primary.
Perioperative Blood Pressure Monitoring in Patients With Obesity
Authors: Eley Victoria A. , Christensen Rebecca , Guy Louis , Dodd Benjamin
Published: July 2018

Blood pressure monitoring plays a key part in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care of all patients. In patients with obesity, hypertension indicates increased metabolic and surgical risk and may signal the presence of significant medical comorbidities, including obstructive sleep apnea. Avoidance of hypertension postoperatively is necessary to minimize bleeding risk after surgery. Hypotension in the postoperative period may be the first sign of significant complications that require urgent management. With the problem of being overweight or obese now affecting two-thirds of adults in Western countries, the proportion of patients with obesity in perioperative environments is similarly increasing. Detection of aberrations in blood pressure is contingent on the accuracy of blood pressure measurement methods. Patients with obesity tend to have a large arm circumference and “cone-shaped arms.” Standard blood pressure cuffs fit such patients poorly, and this compromises the accuracy of measurements. Alternatives to arm blood pressure cuffs, some made specifically for individuals with obesity, have been evaluated but are not widely available to clinicians. This focused narrative review will discuss the relevance of hypertension management in the care of patients with obesity, highlight the currently available methods for perioperative monitoring of blood pressure, and explore the opportunities that exist to improve the perioperative blood pressure care in patients with obesity undergoing surgical procedures.
Laryngeal Mask Airway Versus Other Airway Devices for Anesthesia in Children With an Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Respiratory Complications
Authors: de Carvalho Ana Lygia R. , Vital Roberto B. , de Lira Carlos C. S. , Magro Igor B. , Sato Patrícia T. S. , Lima Laís H. N. , Braz Leandro G. , Módolo Norma S. P.
Published: July 2018

There is an association between upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and an increased incidence of perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs), which is a major risk for morbidity during pediatric anesthesia. The aim of the present study was to compare the risk of PRAEs among different airway devices during anesthesia in children with a URTI. A systematic review according to the Cochrane Handbook and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was conducted. Only randomized clinical trials evaluating anesthesia in children with a URTI and who were submitted to any of the airway devices were included. From 1030 studies identified, 5 randomized clinical trials were included in the final analysis. There were no statistical differences between laryngeal mask airway (LMA®) and endotracheal tube (ETT) regarding breath holding or apnea (risk ratio [RR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41–1.65), laryngospasm (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.18–2.95), and arterial oxygen desaturation (RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.16–1.17). The quality of evidence was low for the first outcome and very low for the 2 other outcomes, respectively. The LMA use produced a significant reduction of cough (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58–0.96, low quality of evidence) compared with ETT. The ideal airway management in children with a URTI remains obscure given that there are few data of perioperative respiratory complications during anesthesia. This systematic review demonstrates that LMA use during anesthesia in children with URTI did not result in decrease of the most feared PRAEs. However, LMA was better than ETT in reducing cough. Further research is needed to define the risks more clearly because cough and laryngospasm have similar triggers, and both bronchospasm and laryngospasm trigger cough.
Readers and Reading in Cafés, 1660–1800
Authors: Rigogne Thierry
Published: July 2018

As Parisian cafés burst onto the scene, they became a major urban reading space. Eighteenth-century cafés inspired a profusion of images, texts, and archives that highlight practices largely overlooked or thought archaic, such as reading news-related items and topical literature, and reading in public, aloud, for others, in symbiosis with oral discussions or writing. In coffeehouses that functioned as hubs in a complex communication system, reading was fully integrated with other communicative acts. Thus, examining practices in a focused environment paradoxically opens up wider perspectives for the history of reading, within a broader history of communication. Café reading and discussion also contributed powerfully to the creation of public opinion. As eighteenth-century French coffeehouses provided physical spaces where multiple publics formed concurrently to judge events, writings, or people critically, they became metaphorical sites on which contemporaries projected profound anxieties over the rise of political and literary criticism.
On Imposed Interpretation and Chinese Construction of Literary Theory
Authors: Jiang Zhang
Published: July 2018

No doubt twentieth-century Western literary theory has achieved remarkable results and historical advances. But the so-called imposed interpretation is one of its fundamental shortcomings. Imposed interpretation here refers to the practices that deviate from the text and dispel its literary significations. It is characterized by interpreting literary texts with a prepositioned mode of subjective intention in an attempt to reach a conclusion conforming to the critic’s intentions and theoretical doctrines taken off-field and from the critic’s own preconditioned logical cognition. Yet constructing Chinese literary theoretical discourse should discriminate among and examine various contemporary Western literary theories, actively draw on its useful achievements and experiences, and return to Chinese literary practice in an overall way. It is also necessary to adhere to the orientation of nationalization and realize the dialectical unity of external research and internal research.
With Chinese Characteristics
Authors: D’haen Theo
Published: July 2018

The articles at the center of this issue of MLQ, Wang Ning’s “French Theories in China and the Chinese Theoretical (Re)construction,” Zhang Jiang’s “On Imposed Interpretation and Chinese Construction of Literary Theory,” and Zhu Liyuan’s “Hillis Miller on the End of Literature,” address the interchange between Chinese and Western literary theories. What transpires from these essays is that all Western theories, when “traveling” to China, assume “Chinese characteristics,” reflecting changing historical and ideological conditions but also the vector of influence running predominantly from Western theories to Chinese practice. To different degrees, and with varying urgency, all three Chinese scholars lodge a plea for greater recognition of Chinese theories in the West and for Chinese scholarship to construct a theory of its own, rooted in the Chinese tradition. By way of a new translation, with commentary, by Zhang Longxi of a celebrated 1980s article by Qian Zhongshu, the present essay argues that examples of a fruitful use of both Western and Chinese theory and literature already exist and may further put into practice what Wang, Zhang, and Zhu so forcefully call for.
A (Meta)commentary on Western Literary Theories in China: The Case of Jameson and Chinese Jamesonism
Authors: Kang Liu
Published: July 2018

This essay takes Fredric Jameson and Chinese Jamesonism as a case in point to illustrate the Chinese anxiety of influence with Western theory and the battle between (Western) universalism and Chinese exceptionalism. Chinese Jamesonism shows how an eclectic American neo-Marxist academic discourse has been invented in China on selected themes of postmodernism and Third World “national allegory.” However, as a “shadowy but central presence” in Jameson and other Western left theories, Maoism is nearly absent from China’s appropriation of Western theories. A vigorous critique of the relationship between Maoism and Western left theories sheds light on the issues of politics and ideology underlying the Chinese anxiety of influence.
Myc activity is required for maintenance of the neuromesodermal progenitor signalling network and for segmentation clock gene oscillations in mouse
Authors: Mastromina Ioanna , Verrier Laure , Silva Joana Clara , Storey Kate G. , Dale J. Kim
Published: July 2018

The Myc transcriptional regulators are implicated in a range of cellular functions, including proliferation, cell cycle progression, metabolism and pluripotency maintenance. Here, we investigated the expression, regulation and function of the Myc family during mouse embryonic axis elongation and segmentation. Expression of both cMyc (Myc – Mouse Genome Informatics) and MycN in the domains in which neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) and underlying caudal pre-somitic mesoderm (cPSM) cells reside is coincident with WNT and FGF signals, factors known to maintain progenitors in an undifferentiated state. Pharmacological inhibition of Myc activity downregulates expression of WNT/FGF components. In turn, we find that cMyc expression is WNT, FGF and Notch protein regulated, placing it centrally in the signalling circuit that operates in the tail end that both sustains progenitors and drives maturation of the PSM into somites. Interfering with Myc function in the PSM, where it displays oscillatory expression, delays the timing of segmentation clock oscillations and thus of somite formation. In summary, we identify Myc as a component that links NMP maintenance and PSM maturation during the body axis elongation stages of mouse embryogenesis.
Three-dimensional induction of dorsal, intermediate and ventral spinal cord tissues from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Ogura Takenori , Sakaguchi Hideya , Miyamoto Susumu , Takahashi Jun
Published: July 2018

The spinal cord contains more than 20 distinct subclasses of neurons that form well-organized neural circuits capable of sensing the environment and generating motor behavior. Although recent studies have described the efficient in vitro generation of spinal motor neurons, the induction of the spinal cord as a whole tissue has not been achieved. In the present study, we demonstrate three-dimensional (3D) induction of dorsal spinal cord-like tissues from human pluripotent stem cells. Our 3D spinal cord induction (3-DiSC) condition recapitulates patterning of the developing dorsal spinal cord and enables the generation of four types of dorsal interneuron marker-positive cell populations. By activating Shh signaling, intermediate and ventral spinal cord-like tissues are successfully induced. After dissociation of these tissues, somatosensory neurons and spinal motor neurons are detected and express neurotransmitters in an in vivo manner. Our approach provides a useful experimental tool for the analysis of human spinal cord development and will contribute to research on the formation and organization of the spinal cord, and its application to regenerative medicine.
In vivo analysis of cardiomyocyte proliferation during trabeculation
Authors: Uribe Veronica , Ramadass Radhan , Dogra Deepika , Rasouli S. Javad , Gunawan Felix , Nakajima Hiroyuki , Chiba Ayano , Reischauer Sven , Mochizuki Naoki , Stainier Didier Y. R.
Published: July 2018

Cardiomyocyte proliferation is crucial for cardiac growth, patterning and regeneration; however, few studies have investigated the behavior of dividing cardiomyocytes in vivo. Here, we use time-lapse imaging of beating hearts in combination with the FUCCI system to monitor the behavior of proliferating cardiomyocytes in developing zebrafish. Confirming in vitro observations, sarcomere disassembly, as well as changes in cell shape and volume, precede cardiomyocyte cytokinesis. Notably, cardiomyocytes in zebrafish embryos and young larvae mostly divide parallel to the myocardial wall in both the compact and trabecular layers, and cardiomyocyte proliferation is more frequent in the trabecular layer. While analyzing known regulators of cardiomyocyte proliferation, we observed that the Nrg/ErbB2 and TGFβ signaling pathways differentially affect compact and trabecular layer cardiomyocytes, indicating that distinct mechanisms drive proliferation in these two layers. In summary, our data indicate that, in zebrafish, cardiomyocyte proliferation is essential for trabecular growth, but not initiation, and set the stage to further investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving cardiomyocyte proliferation in vivo.
Simple, yet Efficient Conformational Sampling Methods for Reproducing/Predicting Biologically Rare Events of Proteins
Authors: Harada Ryuhei
Published: July 2018

The biological functions of proteins are strongly related to their conformational transitions. To elucidate the essential dynamics, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has become a powerful tool. However, it might still be difficult to address the relevant conformational transitions of proteins with the conventional MD (CMD) because the accessible time scales of CMD are far from those of the biological functions. Furthermore, the essential transitions are induced as stochastic processes in the long time scales, i.e. the conformational transitions are regarded as biologically relevant rare events. To reproduce/predict the rare events, we have proposed several enhanced conformational sampling methods. Our strategy to detect the rare events is based on cycles of the following conformational resampling consisting of two steps. (1) Selections of essential initial structures. (2) Restarting of short-time MD simulations from the initial structures. The cycles of conformational resampling increase the transition probabilities, promoting the rare events. In the present article, we review the enhanced conformational sampling methods developed by us, i.e. parallel cascade selection MD (PaCS-MD), fluctuation flooding method (FFM), taboo search algorithm (TBSA), outlier flooding method (OFLOOD), structural dissimilarity sampling (SDS), and self-avoiding conformational sampling (SACS). Furthermore, we introduce representative applications using our methods for several biological systems.
Identifying epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status in patients with lung adenocarcinoma by three-dimensional convolutional neural networks
Authors: Xiong Jun-Feng , Jia Tian-Ying , Li Xiao-Yang , Yu Wen , Xu Zhi-Yong , Cai Xu-Wei , Fu Ling , Zhang Jie , Qin Bin-Jie , Fu Xiao-Long , Zhao Jun
Published: July 2018

Objective:

Genetic phenotype plays a central role in making treatment decisions of lung adenocarcinoma, especially the tyrosine-kinase-inhibitors-sensitive mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. We constructed three-dimensional convolutional neural networks (CNN) to analyze underlying patterns in CT images that could indicate that EGFR gene mutation status but are invisible to human eyes.

Methods:

From 2012 to 2015, 503 Chinese patients with lung adenocarcinoma that had underwent surgery were included. Pathological types and EGFR mutation status were tested from surgical resections. EGFR mutations (exon 19 deletion or exon 21 L858R) were found in 215/345 (62.3%) and 91/158 (57.6%) patients in the training and independent validation set, respectively. CT images were taken before any invasive operation. The patients were randomly chosen to train the CNNs or validate the CNNs’ performance. The performance was quantified using area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.

Results:

The CNNs showed an AUC of 0.776 (range: 0.702–0.849, p< 0.0001) in the independent validation set and a fusion model of CNNs and clinical features (sex and smoking history) showed an AUC of 0.838 (range: 0.778–0.899, p< 0.0001), accuracy of 77.2%, sensitivity of 75.8% and specificity of 79.1% at the best diagnostic decision point.

Conclusion:

The CNN exhibits potential ability to identify EGFR mutation status in patients with lung adenocarcinoma which might help make clinical decisions.

Advances in knowledge:

The CNN showed some diagnostic power and its performance could be further improved by increasing the training set, optimizing the network structure and training strategy. Medical image based CNN has the potential to reflect spatial heterogeneity.
RhierBAPS: An R implementation of the population clustering algorithm hierBAPS
Authors: Tonkin-Hill Gerry , Lees John A. , Bentley Stephen D. , Frost Simon D.W. , Corander Jukka
Published: July 2018

Identifying structure in collections of sequence data sets remains a common problem in genomics. hierBAPS, a popular algorithm for identifying population structure in haploid genomes, has previously only been available as a MATLAB binary. We provide an R implementation which is both easier to install and use, automating the entire pipeline. Additionally, we allow for the use of multiple processors, improve on the default settings of the algorithm, and provide an interface with the ggtree library to enable informative illustration of the clustering results. Our aim is that this package aids in the understanding and dissemination of the method, as well as enhancing the reproducibility of population structure analyses.
SPEKcheck — fluorescence microscopy spectral visualisation and optimisation: a web application, javascript library, and data resource
Authors: Phillips Mick A. , Susano Pinto David M. , Dobbie Ian M.
Published: July 2018

Advanced fluorescence imaging methods require careful matching of excitation sources, dichroics, emission filters, detectors, and dyes to operate at their best. This complex task is often left to guesswork, preventing optimal dye:filter combinations, particularly for multicolour applications. To overcome this challenge we developed SPEKcheck, a web application to visualise the efficiency of the light path in a fluorescence microscope. The software reports values for the excitation efficiency of a dye, the collection efficiency of the emitted fluorescence, and a "brightness" score, allowing easy comparison between different fluorescent labels. It also displays a spectral plot of various elements in the configuration, enabling users to readily spot potential problems such as low efficiency excitation, emission, or high bleedthrough. It serves as an aid to exploring the performance of different dyes and filter sets.
Nitrogen Oxides under the Urban Forest Crown Cover: Migration, Transformation, Real and Possible Environmental Consequences
Authors: Кузнецов В. , Kuznecov V. , Беднова О. , Bednova O. , Рыбникова М. , Rybnikova M.
Published: July 2018

Has been presented the authors’ development demonstrating the possibility for determining the atmospheric air pollution in urban forest’s various areas by «passive» dosimetry’s methods. On the example of nitrogen oxides have been analyzed causes and consequences for technogenic pollution of forest ecosystems in urbanized areas. The study conducted on the territory of the Kuntsevskaya dacha’s spruce forest which is the part of the natural reserve «The Setun River’s Valley» (Moscow) has shown that in certain areas within a forest range, nitrogen dioxide accumulation in the air-ground interface can occur. Have been revealed the signs of increased nitrogen status for the investigated forest ecosystem.
Kansas Leadership Studies Summit: Cultivating Collaborative Capacity for the Common Good
Authors: Priest Kerry L. , Kliewer Brandon W. , Stephens Clinton M.
Published: July 2018

Bringing together leadership educators from 11 programs in Kansas, the Leadership Studies Summit fostered new initiatives and strengthened collegial networks. The summit responded to local and national expressed needs for intensive dialogue focusing on collaboration and capacity building among leadership educators for advancing the common good. This application brief will share the format and outcomes of this dialogue, including recommendations for future multi-institutional collaborations.
Revitalizing a Student Organization by Applying Transformational Leadership
Authors: Ewell Julianna
Published: July 2018

This case study examines the application of a known leadership theory, Transformational Leadership, within the student organization at a large U.S. university, during a time period when the organization was undergoing significant leadership turnover and impending dissolution of the club. By applying principles of Transformational Leadership, the organization’s President was able to foster a cohesive team of organization officers, to grow the organization membership population, and to achieve organization goals. As this phenomenon under study is highly context-dependent, the case study approach will better demonstrate the theory’s effects within these specific circumstances than will an esoteric, quantitative research approach. Let the findings from this case be an example for other student organizations and leadership teams to generate results with a leadership theory.
The Community-Based Action Research Assignment: Catalyzing Inclusive Leadership Action in a Multicultural Leadership Class
Authors: Fine Leigh E.
Published: July 2018

To better meet the learning objectives in a multicultural leadership class, I developed an assignment that uses action research and community-based research as frameworks for the course’s culminating assignment. Called the Community-Based Action Research (CBAR) assignment, the experience invites students to develop research questions related to inclusion, connect with community partners to find the answers to these questions, then share their results through interactive dialogue with colleagues. Here, I discuss the structure and implementation of the CBAR. I then reflect on student interviews and completed CBARs to illustrate the assignment’s potential to support course learning outcomes, as well as its limitations.
Academic Leadership Development Programs: Conceptual Foundations, Structural and Pedagogical Components, and Operational Considerations
Authors: Ruben Brent D. , De Lisi Richard , Gigliotti Ralph A.
Published: July 2018

In response to both the lack of formal leadership training and the challenges facing leaders across higher education, a number of programs are being planned and initiated at colleges and universities. This application brief highlights the conceptual foundations, structural components, and operational considerations of one such program, the Rutgers Leadership Academy (RLA). RLA was created to provide an integrated leadership development program for individuals in academic, administrative, and professional programs who aspire to assume or advance in leadership positions. The program is theory-based, and emphasizes leadership, communication, and organizational concepts and competencies. Somewhat uniquely, it is designed for both academic and administrative leadership positions, and it highlights the importance of informal as well as formal leadership roles, among other core topics. We have found the proposed model to be useful in developing high-quality leadership initiatives for our institution, and the core components of the model and initial outcomes may be of use to others in their leadership development efforts.
My brother’s keeper: Transcendent leadership lessons learned from an inner-city program for fatherless, adolescent boys
Authors: Buschlen Eric , Chang Tzu-Fen , Kniess Dena R.
Published: July 2018

Providing leadership education for young men growing up without their father, through a structured curriculum and mentoring program, should enhance their development. To examine this, the authors interviewed adult alumni who participated as adolescents in a cohort-based, sixmonth leadership program. Interviews outlined several key themes: once served by others the young men desired to serve their community, choosing an authentic leadership educator matters, program mentors inspired positive life changes, and the learned leadership lessons transcended the setting and the curriculum. This qualitative project examined the efficacy of a youth leadership development program by interviewing past participants. This research outlined how service to others can inspire more service and that leadership education has the potential to alter lives, and in this case, even save lives.
Transformational Leadership Styles Pre- and Post-Trauma
Authors: Kramer Charles A. , Allen Stuart A.
Published: July 2018

Previous literature suggests that exposure to trauma has both positive and negative impacts on leadership and leadership development, although there is a lack of empirical research. This exploratory study compared military leaders’ use of transformational leadership styles (TLS) before and after trauma exposure from the followers’ perspective. This study used a retrospective pretest design to survey veteran and active duty military personnel. Significant differences were found between pre- and post-trauma exposure TLS ratings, with a mean decline in the TLS after trauma exposure. The analysis of the open-ended questions indicated a reduction in the use of the TLS after trauma, but identified positive changes in some cases. There was no evidence that changes in the TLS were concentrated in any of the five styles.
Advancing Scholarly Leadership by Forming a Community of Scholars
Authors: Cardwell Janice (Jan) , Ellis Bonnie , Phelps Yvonne
Published: July 2018

Campus leadership at a satellite campus of a large national university took a research approach to solve the workplace problem of increased scholarship requirements for practitioner faculty. The Community of Scholars Action Research Project was developed as a faculty engagement and professional development initiative. The goals and objectives for the action research project were to engage practitioner faculty in research and scholarship, to provide faculty development opportunities, to raise the academic profile of practitioner faculty and to identify potential impact on student outcomes. Through the processes of research, exploration, and application of leadership theoretical frameworks, the concept of a potentially new leadership profile, scholarly leader, emerged.
IT Investment Under Competition: The Role of Implementation Failure
Authors: Xin Mingdi , Choudhary Vidyanand
Published: July 2018

How does competition impact firms’ incentive to innovate by investing in information technology (IT)? Prior literature suggests opposite predictions on the direction in which competition drives IT investment. This paper analyzes a game theoretic model of duopoly competition and shows that an important feature of IT sheds new light on firms’ investment decisions: IT implementation can fail. Without the possibility of implementation failure, the opportunity to invest in IT hurts firms’ profits because the productivity gains are competed away. Implementation failure creates a possibility of cost-based differentiation and mitigates competition, although these two effects can drive firms’ IT investment in opposite directions. Interestingly, a higher probability of implementation failure can lead to lower investment risks and higher expected profits. Firms in highly competitive markets are better able to recoup the returns to their IT investments and, therefore, more motivated to invest in risky IT than firms in less competitive markets.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.3005 .

This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Natural reflex, simple solution
Authors: Bates Jo
Published: July 2018

Thumb sucking is a natural reflex for children from the earliest age but can create dentition problems. Jo Bates reveals how she plugged a gap in the market
A complicated conundrum
Authors: Smith Justin
Published: July 2018

We look at an innovative but simple approach to helping patients overcome their anxiety
Your lateness speaks volumes
Authors: Bakare Kemi
Published: July 2018

Kemi Bakare reminds us of the professional expectations of a trainee dental nurse
Suction in the sunshine
Authors: Bissett Julie
Published: July 2018

Sarah Jones combines life as a dental nurse in Abu Dhabi with her passion for deep sea diving. Here, she shares her life – on land and off – with Julie Bissett
Dentistry – and a dyslexic mind
Authors: Griffiths Charlotte
Published: July 2018

Dental nurse Charlotte Griffiths shares her experiences of overcoming the hurdles
Vaccines and the dental team
Authors: Gray Sophie
Published: July 2018

Sophie Gray considers immunisations as part of the standard precautions for infection prevention and control in a dental practice
Opposites need to attract
Authors: Blake William
Published: July 2018

If there is anything those of us working in the sector can take from mystical poet and visionary, William Blake, it is that it is not entirely necessary to agree with each other in order to make good progress.
Becoming siblings, Emilia and Jack’s journey so far
Authors: Solly Kathryn
Published: July 2018

Since Bronfenbrenner (1979), relationships and their influences within the family group are well researched and recognised. However, the fascinating bond between siblings needs more attention.
Making their mathematical mark
Authors: Yates David
Published: July 2018

In this article, we revisit Talk for Maths Mastery and use a selection of case studies that explain and advise on how we can support and appreciate children’s mathematical mark making and thinking in reception classes.
The pilots are scoring own goals
Authors: Merrick Beatrice
Published: July 2018

At the point back in July when most of the country was focused on the football World Cup, the Department for Education was thinking about another sort of goal – the Early Learning Goals.
Coming, ready or not…
Authors: Chalmers Debbie
Published: July 2018

Children love to play a game of hide and seek, and joining in and playing with them can enhance learning in prime and specific areas, build strong caring relationships and create plenty of fun.
Help me be independent
Authors: Pandit Kalpana
Published: July 2018

As children grow up, our role is to educate and support them on how do things for themselves and how to navigate the world they live in. In this article, we offer ideas based on the work of Maria Montessori.
Teknoloji Destekli Sınıf Ortamlarında Öğrencilerin Ders Sorumlusunun Bilgisine Yönelik Algıları Ölçeği Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: HACIÖMEROĞLU Güney , YAŞAR Cumali , ÖKMEN Ahmet Kemal
Published: July 2018

Bu araştırmada, Shih ve Chuang (2013) tarafından geliştirilen Teknoloji
Destekli Sınıf Ortamlarında Öğrencilerin Ders Sorumlusunun Bilgisine Yönelik
Algıları Ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasının yapılması amaçlanmıştır.
286 üniversite öğrencisinden toplanan verilere Açımlayıcı ve Doğrulayıcı faktör
analizi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, Türkçe’ye uyarlanan ölçeğin özgün haliyle
aynı şekilde dört faktörlü bir yapı oluşturduğunu göstermiştir. Doğrulayıcı
faktör analizi, açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda oluşan yapının toplanan
verilere uyum gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Ölçeğin bütünü için Cronbach alfa
güvenirlik katsayısı .976 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Uyarlanan ölçeğin Türkçe formu
44 maddeden oluşmaktadır ve 5’li Likert tipindedir. Alt faktörlerin sırasıyla, teknolojik
pedagojik alan bilgisi (α=.966), konu alan bilgisi (α=.921), teknoloji bilgisi
(α=.936), öğrencilerin anlamalarına ilişkin bilgi (α=.878) olmak üzere dört
boyuttan oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması yapılan
uyarlana ölçeğin Türkçe formunun üniversite öğrencilerinde kullanılabilecek
geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Obesity, osteoarthritis and genetic risk
Authors: Jiang L. , Zhu X. , Rong J. , Xing B. , Wang S. , Liu A. , Chu M. , Huang G.
Published: July 2018

Objectives

Given the function of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) on the inflammatory condition of obesity and osteoarthritis (OA), we hypothesized that the ADIPOQ gene might be a candidate gene for a marker of susceptibility to OA.

Methods

We systematically screened three tagging polymorphisms (rs182052, rs2082940 and rs6773957) in the ADIPOQ gene, and evaluated the association between the genetic variants and OA risk in a case-controlled study that included 196 OA patients and 442 controls in a northern Chinese population. Genotyping was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform.

Results

The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs182052 was found to be potentially associated with knee OA risk (additive model: odds ratio = 1.38; 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.76; p = 0.012). Furthermore, a non-significant association was observed for rs182052 and body mass index with regard to OA risk in interaction analyses (p = 0.063). Similarly, no significant interaction was detected for rs182052 and age with regard to OA risk (p = 0.614).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the SNP rs182052 in the ADIPOQ gene may potentially modify individual susceptibility to knee OA in the Chinese population. Further studies are warranted to investigate our findings in more depth. Cite this article: L. Jiang, X. Zhu, J. Rong, B. Xing, S. Wang, A. Liu, M. Chu, G. Huang. Obesity, osteoarthritis and genetic risk: The rs182052 polymorphism in the ADIPOQ gene is potentially associated with risk of knee osteoarthritis. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:494–500. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.77.BJR-2017-0274.R1.
Estruturação do Processo de Formação Interna: Um Estudo de Caso em uma Empresa do Ramo Contábil
Authors: Fonseca Ubaldo De Jesus , Oliveira Vinicius Motta
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a importância de um processo estruturado de formação profissional interna para a qualificação e capacitação dos colaboradores contábeis como ferramenta de maximização de resultados em uma contabilidade do recôncavo da Bahia. Está pesquisa foi desenvolvida de forma exploratória e descritiva, e delineada como um estudo de caso, que objetivou-se gerar conhecimento de forma aplicada. Para a análise e tratamento dos dados foi utilizado o método qualitativo, e como técnica de coleta de dados foi aplicado um questionário estruturado, testado pelo método Delphi, contemplando questões pertinentes ao objeto do estudo, e seus resultados foram apresentados por meio de tabelas. Foi constatado nesse estudo entre outros resultados, a não existência um processo estruturado de formação profissional interna. Contudo, propõe-se a criação de um processo estruturado para impactar diretamente no desempenho da equipe, tornando-os preparados para desenvolver suas funções com agilidade, atendendo com eficiência e eficácia, as demandas ora impostas pelos governos e pela sociedade.
O Trabalho Médico nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI’s) e a propensão ao desenvolvimento de Distúrbios Psicológicos
Authors: Holanda Júnior Pedro Henrique De , Alencar Francisca Silva de , Nobre Juliane De Oliveira Costa
Published: July 2018

Este artigo buscou refletir a saúde do médico que atua em unidade de terapia intensiva, por ser este um ambiente de trabalho onde o estresse parece decorrer, principalmente, por tratar-se de um ambiente fechado, com uma carga laboral mais intensa, demandando demasiada atenção e concentração do profissional. O risco de morte eminente e a proximidade e convívio exaustivo com situações de maior sofrimento e dor, agravam a possibilidade de doenças emocionais. A literatura tem destacado que, o incentivo a manutenção de uma qualidade de vida por esses profissionais, configura uma forma de prevenir o desencadeamento de enfermidades físicas e mentais.
Uma Abordagem sobre os Relacionamentos Amorosos e o Adoecimento Psíquico: Relato de Experiência
Authors: Filho José Adelmo Da Silva , Moreira Lumara Alves , Holanda Maria do Livramento Alencar de
Published: July 2018

A partir da vivência clínica na Saúde Mental de Iguatu-CE, este relato de experiência traz questões advindas dos usuários no set terapêutico sobre relacionamentos amorosos e o adoecimento psíquico. Após apreciação das versões de sentido dos atendimentos e em consonância com teóricos dessa temática examina os efeitos dessas relações e a relevância na dimensão dos afetos. Não se busca fazer análise individual dos casos e suas singularidades, mas sim descrever as percepções sucedidas da experiência de acompanhar a essa demanda de forma geral. Neste relato não se busca defender paradigmas epistemológicos, mas oferecer ampla visão em diversos campos teóricos para enriquecer a temática apresentada e reafirmar que não se trata de suposição de determinada prática profissional, mas um olhar integral ao sujeito a partir da experiência. Com este trabalho foram inclusas discussões sobre a temática dentro dos serviços de saúde mental, vista sua capacidade de ressignificar as práticas profissionais, construir novos saberes, aperfeiçoando os já existentes e adaptando às particularidades de cada um.
Webquest e mobile-learning como métodos pedagógicos de ensino e aprendizagem: um novo olhar?
Authors: Gomes Gilmária Henllen Gondim , Amorim Liromaria Maria De , Rodrigues Micaelle Nayara Dias , Barbosa Jailma Dos Santos , Oliveira Gislene Farias de
Published: July 2018

O presente estudo discute a inclusão das TIC no processo educacional. Estes implicam em reflexões importantes sobre o impacto das novas tecnologias no âmbito da educação. As ferramentas tecnológicas enquanto  estratégias educacionais exigem um mais aguçado planejamento das aulas, bem como dá ênfase ao papel do professor ante a aprendizagem dos alunos. A inserção da webquest e da mobile lerning nas aulas trouxe ganho para ambos os lados, desde uma melhoria na motivação, até um maior envolvimento de todos os atores no processo de ensino, na construção e aquisição dos conteúdos.
Análise da Qualidade da Mão de Obra na Sistemática de Trabalho nas Indústrias de Panelas Metálicas na Região do Cariri
Authors: Abreu Gleidson Leite de , Oliveira Alyne Leite de , Viana Hudson Josino , Lima Antonio Raniel Silva , Alencar Maria Patrícia De
Published: July 2018

Visto que toda a sistemática de trabalho de produção de panelas metálicas é muito parecida, percebe-se que a qualidade de produtos, serviços e processos nos dias atuais deixou de ser um diferencial competitivo e transformou-se num critério qualificador, passando a ser uma ferramenta importante e praticamente obrigatória à sobrevivência organizacional, a qual as empresas necessariamente têm de desenvolver para manterem-se perenes. Desse modo, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a qualidade da mão de obra na Sistemática de Trabalho do setor produtivo da Indústria Metal-Mecânica na Região do Cariri. Caracterizou-se como de campo, do tipo exploratório com abordagem qualiquantitativa, cujo cenário foram 14 indústrias metal-mecânicas da Região do Cariri, com amostra intencional, partindo do critério de acessibilidade. Não houve abordagem com colaboradores, visto que optou-se pela observação da sistemática de trabalho, favorecendo a comparação dos dados obtidos com as entrevistas com os gestores. Os dados obtidos foram interpretados a partir da análise do discurso do sujeito coletivo para a apreensão da realidade investigada (Lefèvre; Lefèvre, 2000). A pesquisa respeitou os preceitos éticos da resolução 466/12. Obteve-se como resultado que a falta de mão de obra qualificada, a falta de conhecimento do processo e a falta do uso regular do EPI – Equipamentos de Proteção Individual, podem interferir na qualidade do produto, onde poderá ter efeito negativo diretamente na aceitação do produto no mercado, sendo que, dependendo dos custos de qualidade, o preço pode aumentar e afetar na aceitação deste, que, segundo os entrevistados, sua aceitação é ligada diretamente a preço e qualidade.
Espelho, espelho meu, existe alguém mais estressado do que eu? O impacto do mestrado em servidores públicos federais
Authors: Quirino Cláudio Alberto de Sá , Cassundé Fernanda Roda de Souza Araújo
Published: July 2018

Este artigo pretendeu investigar, em nível de revisão de literatura, os impactos do mestrado nos servidores-estudantes das universidades federais. O estudo foi elaborado por meio de estudo bibliográfico e exploratório, a partir do levantamento de artigos científicos, com publicação entre os anos de 2013 a 2017, nas plataformas de pesquisa online (Spell, Google Acadêmico, Pepsic, Banco de Teses e Dissertações da Capes e Scielo), sem desconsiderar textos clássicos que tratam do tema. Da leitura dos achados, observou-se que o estresse nos mestrados tem sido objeto de múltiplas discussões e fator de reflexão para as mudanças na forma de construir o conhecimento científico no Brasil, uma vez que a lógica produtivista e o esforço do estudante para a superação dos limites têm construído sujeitos ansiosos, esgotados e desmotivados. É limitada a produção científica que relaciona estresse ao desempenho acadêmico nas pós-graduações stricto sensu; cada área de conhecimento apresenta sua estrutura curricular e metodologias de aprendizagem, porém constituem, a partir da análise dos estudos levantados, uma tendência de formar profissionais frustrados e com problemas. No contexto da análise dos impactos do estresse nas pós-graduações stricto sensu, nota-se um maior direcionamento para os mestrados das áreas de Ciências da Saúde, abrindo profunda lacuna de investigação no tocante à pesquisa sobre o estresse nos mestrados no viés da Gestão Pública, refletindo em oportunidades para o aperfeiçoamento de análises nessa área.
Sustentabilidade na Estratégia como Vantagem Competitiva para as Organizações
Authors: Gomes Josivania Lima , Medeiros Adriana Vigolvino
Published: July 2018

A responsabilidade socioambiental das organizações é um tema bastante estudado na contemporaneidade e de grande relevância para a sociedade. O consumo exacerbado impacta o meio ambiente devido a uma maior utilização de recursos por parte das empresas para atender as demandas do mercado. Assim, é necessário que as organizações alinhem seus processos produtivos a métodos que sejam menos agressivos à natureza. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar se organizações prestadoras de serviço de utilidade pública, ao trabalhar com responsabilidade social nos processos de gestão estratégica, melhoram sua imagem junto aos consumidores e se estes fatores agregam valor à organização. Foi realizado um estudo de caso em duas empresas, através de entrevista aplicado aos gestores e questionários direcionados aos clientes das empresas. Verificou-se que, embora uma parcela do público pesquisado tenha conhecimento das ações desempenhadas por parte das organizações, falta às empresas pesquisadas melhor alinhamento dos seus propósitos sociais aos processos de planejamento estratégico.