bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Therapy in the Treatment of the Patients with Dorsopathies in the Rehabilitation Department of the Polyclinics
Authors: Сермяжко  , Sermyazhko G.
Published: June 2014

This paper presents the experience of conservative treatment of 160 patients with dorsopathies. These patients were divided into 2 groups, identical in age, sex, severity of the pathological process. Among clinical indicators the predominance of myofascial syndrome (69 %) was established. X-ray studies have shown the prevalence of flattening lordosis (76,5%), the results ofMRI were established hernia of intervertebral disks and their protrusion in 87% of cases. In the comparison group the patients received traditional conservative treatment. In the main group, the sessions extracorporeal shock-wave therapy were conducted in the amount of 3-5 sessions with the energy flux density of 0.03-0,51 MJ/mm2, pressure sizes 11-80 MPa, frequency 4-5 Hz. Analysis of the results indicates a high efficiency and safety of shock-wave therapy in the treatment of patients with dorsopathies, reflected in a faster reduction of pain syndrome on the visual analogue scale and significant improvement of indicators of stimulation electro-neuromyography.
The Quality of Life in the Women of Reproductive Age as Patients with Active Forms of Tuberculosis
Authors: Камаев  , Kamaev I. , Русановская  , Rusanovskaya G. , Шпрыков  , Shprykov A.
Published: June 2014

The authors assessed the quality of life of 263 women of reproductive age. The main group consisted of 139 women aged o18-44 as the patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis disease treated in 2011-2012, and the other group of comparison consisted of 124 healthy women of the same age. To assess the life quality the authors used Russian version of the SF-36 which included questions of medico- social nature. It was proved that all the life quality parameters of the women suffering from tuberculosis disease were reduced in comparison with the control group of the healthy women. The only exception was the pain syndrome for which the statistical significance wasn’t reached at all and the physical functioning was assessed at the lowest level. The life quality problem was identified almost in half of the women that proved by the obtained data. Analysis of quality of life of the women established that 25-34 years respondents had the highest reducing of the rates. The analyzed group of patients differed from the low level of the socio- economic independence relatively favorable structure of clinical tuberculosis forms but with a high frequency of tubercle bacilli discharging and detection of lung tissue destructing. Generally, women with pulmonary tuberculosis had numerous risk factors for disease and co-morbidities aggravating the main process. The unfavorable health and social hygienic characteristics of the analyzed group of patients contribute to late making a diagnosis and spreading the infection among the population, including the women of reproductive age. Therefore health care professionals need to make efforts to promote healthy lifestyle and prevention of tuberculosis with this contingent that will allow to prevent new cases of disease and to reduce morbidity. The aim of any disease treatment, including tuberculosis should be considered as acts to improve the life quality of patients in case of positive clinical dynamics. Therefore it is important to guide medical practice for the patients’ psychosomatic status correcting in the early stages of disease that will be able to solve health problems more successfully. Thereby, the authors think it is necessary to organize services; to open offices where patients could get psychosocial correction and rehabilitation, to train the specialists.
An Innovative Method of Correction Walking Stereotype in Patients with the Syndrome of the Central Hemiparesis by Induced Restrictions
Authors: Таровская  , Tarovskaya A. , Ондар  , Ondar V. , Прокопенко  , Prokopenko S. , Аброськина  , Abroskina M.
Published: June 2014

The method of Constraint-Induced used in the international practice to restore movement in paretic upper extremities. This technique consists in fixing the hands intact, thus all actions necessary, the patient is forced to make the paretic limb. The method is effective, easy to use, doesn’t to require financial expenses. The authors proposed this method of Constraint-Induced to restore movements of the lower limbs in the patients with the syndrome of the central hemiparesis. Increasing the load on paretic limb was achieved due to movement restrictions in the intact limbs. With this purpose the apparatus of the hip joint with a locking arm was used. Movement in the intact limb becomes impossible and paretic leg became the leader. An objective assessment of the functions walk in the study was carried out by means of laser rangefinder method; clinically function walk was estimated by Dinamic Gait Index. Results: in the group of the patients treated by the Constraint-Induced lower limbs method were obtained reliable differences from the group of the patients who received only traditional methods of rehabilitation. This method can be recommended for application in the course of neuro-rehabilitation syndrome of the central hemiparesis.
Protection of Medical and Industrial Personnel from Exposure to Pathogenic Fields by Means of the Matrix Screen
Authors: Филиппова  , Filippova A. , Хачапуридзе  , Khachapuridze N. , Соколовская  , Sokolovskaya L. , Погорелая  , Pogorelaya L. , Соколовский  , Sokolovskiy I. , Яшин  , Yashin S.
Published: June 2014

This paper presents the design of the matrix of the electromagnetic screen. This screen refers to the field of medical equipment, devices, ensuring ecological safety. It can be used for protection of the personnel of enterprises and institutions, including medical, from the negative influence of pathogenic fields of technical and natural origin, for neutralization of weak radiation products of the chemical elements and their compounds and alloys, and also for correction of the functional state of operators industrially loaded productions and drivers of electric vehicles. The task of this design is the improvement of devices for energy impact on human organism, in which due to the introduction of new traits and organization of new ties between the features of the high performance is achieved local shielding of a bioobject and increase its restoration and health characteristics. It is shown that the motivation for the creation of such a matrix of the electromagnetic screen is based on several fundamental provisions of the fields and radiation of biophysics and bioinformatics, mainly on emission characteristics of the human body with account of parameters of functioning of the multi-dimensional molecular-genetic structures on morpho-functional characteristics, anthropometric and other bio-constants of the human body, the effects of information-wave interaction of man and objects of the surrounding world. The authors indicate that the screen was clinically tested and has shown high efficiency.
Optimization of Regimes of Laser Cut Biological Tissues in Surgery
Authors: Брехов  , Brekhov E. , Плешанов  , Pleshanov P.
Published: June 2014

Lasers are generating systems that implement the extreme concentration of the emitted energy in the spectrum, space and time. Heating of biological tissues by electromagnetic radiation, including powerful infrared laser radiation, can cause of their destruction: evaporation, sublimation and dissection. Blood circulation causes efficient cooling, and mechanical pressure tissueinduces intensive penetration of the laser radiation with lower loss of coherence.

The special series of surgical instruments has been developed, patented and used in practical activities for 4 decades. Theinstruments allowed to reaching a mechanical compression of tissue, positioning and moving the laser beam, locally block the blood circulation, the optimal regimes of laser surgical exposure of tissues were estimated by using the real thermo-physical characteristics for different tissues.
Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Coding Techniques (Formalization) and Transfer of Information
Authors: Герасимов  , Gerasimov I. , Яшин  , Yashin A.
Published: June 2014

In previous papers, the authors examined the material elements of memory. This paper is devoted to the methods of coding and transfer information. Encoding mechanisms and spectrum of activity of hydrogen ions, as the dominant feature in the process of encoding information, were studied. In particular, the role of the tunneling effect - as the ability of a hydrogen ion H+ to change their position without loss of energy - was marked. The ability to relay proton transfer in the basic biochemical reactions was noted. The authors identified the main thing - compared with other ions of the material structure of the brain - the small mass of the proton makes it unique among them in this aspect encoding, and transfer information in realization of the mechanism of memory. The basic concept is the informational code memory. Herewith, the actual coding of the information is considered as far from a trivial task, but it is quite solvable (i.e. analyzed in memory model), given the large number of parameters of the electric neural signal. Another aspect is that whatever happened encoding when saving the information in memory should be recoding of parameters of electrical signals parameters of structure and energy of biopolymers or other drives. To retrieve information from memory must be implemented by its decoding images, verbal or other characteristics. The authors note that mechanisms decoding in-memory structure previously known to the authors of the works were not discussed at all. The article considers the basic notion of the spectrum of the activity of hydrogen ions (SАHI). It is SAHI as the general characteristics of the activity of proton, defines all of the “subtle” mechanisms the effectiveness of ion-molecular memory model. It is shown that only the uniqueness of the proton, as biochemical agent, and led him to the isolation of the other ion - as an important element of memory.
Double-Tap in a Beam of Second Order Surfaces
Authors: Короткий  , Korotkiy Viktor
Published: June 2014

A beam of second order surfaces which are in a real

or imaginary double-tap is considered. The analysis of all possible

events related to bi-quadratic curve disintegration in two plane

curves of second order has been performed. The synthetic proof of

generalized Dandelin theorem has been presented.
Status and Trends of Geometrical-Graphic Training as a Component of Engineering Education in Bulgaria
Authors: Попов  , Popov M. , Лепаров  , Leparov M.
Published: June 2014

Four issues are analyzed in this work: a) Status of

geometrical and graphic training at technical universities in Bulgaria

in general; b) The same one at the Technical University of Sofia in

particular; c) This training’s development prospects; d) Accompanying

problems. An analysis is conducted both on a base on curricula and

annotations of programs related to all civil technical universities in

Bulgaria and accessible information related to military technical

universities in this country, and on authors’ personal observations

and impressions.
Actual Problems of Graphic Training of Students at Technical High Educational Institutions
Authors: Столбова  , Stolbova I.
Published: June 2014

An overview of actual problems related to graphic training at technical high educational institutions is performed in this paper. The identified problems’ arranging in a framework of dissertation research has been realized. For comparison of information actuality of monitoring, conducted in 2009, materials of Internetconferences on the graphic training quality problems are used.
On Some Problems of Graphics Training at Technical High Educational Institutions (view from St. Petersburg)
Authors: Тихонов-Бугров  , Tikhonov-Bugrov Dmitriy
Published: June 2014

A review of problems related to geometry and graphics

training at school and high educational institution has been

presented within the meaning of discussions on meeting of «Descriptive

Geometry, Graphics, CADD» section of Saint Petersburg House

of Scientists. It has been shown that in connection with minimization

in the school program of graphics and due to focused training

on geometry, the competence level of freshmen does not meet high

educational institutions’ requirements. It is firmly established that

descriptive geometry is the only subject to facilitate these gaps

liquidation during the first year of educating. Different variants of

educating programs are considered and analyzed.
Scientist, Inventor, Head of Chair
Authors: Цуранов  , Tsuranov N. , Вышнепольский  , Vyshnyepolskiy Vladimir , Волошин  , Voloshin A.
Published: June 2014

Scientific, scientific-pedagogical, and organizational-

pedagogical activity of head of «Engineering Graphics» chair of

Lomonosov Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies

professor E.K. Voloshin-Chelpan is considered. This paper also

treats of his father — the creator of the first in the world tank diesel

V-2. Life and work of his farther have had a decisive influence

on the fate of Eduard Konstantinovich.
The calculation of the ability of restoring the compute modules onboard computing complexes in flight
Authors: Борисов  , Borisov V. , Яцук  , Yatsuk G. , Смельчакова  , Smelchakova G. , Антимиров  , Antimirov V. , Зелизко  , Zelizko D.
Published: June 2014

The paper discusses aspects of the calculation of recovery work onboard computing systems in flight at various influences of external factors in the change of the processing load. The study showed the advantages of using recovery modes.
The solution of the problem of optimal cargo transportation taking into account processes of logistics support Ki
Authors: Анциферова  , Antsiferova V. , Ягодкин  , Yagodkin A.
Published: June 2014

We consider the problem of optimization of cargo transportation in the process of export of ore transport company. Used logistic support.
Improving the system of management of stand tests of fuel equipment of diesel engines
Authors: Аксенов  , Aksenov I. , Пиляев  , Pilyaev S. , Афоничев  , Afonichev Dmitriy , Черников  , Chernikov Vitaliy
Published: June 2014

The system control test bench, fuel equipment of diesel engines. The use of asynchronous motor together with the Converter of frequency allows to create an effective budget system of adjustable electric drive for maintenance of necessary speed asynchronous electric drive depending on pressure. The proposed management system provides the fuel supply pressure-stable, leading to a significant decrease in hydraulic loads of fuel and diesel equipment. The use of frequency Converter reduces the dynamic load on the engine and optimize operating currents, which creates conditions to reduce energy consumption and increase the service life of machinery.
The algorithm of modeling of health chips in the conditions of influence of external factors on the subsystem CAD IEE
Authors: Ачкасов  , Achkasov V. , Зольников  , Zolnikov Konstantin
Published: June 2014

An algorithm design process radiation-resistant chips in cross-subsystem design CAD IEE.
Structural framework of integration and the basic law of the non-relativistic dynamics
Authors: Котов  , Kotov P.
Published: June 2014

Considered finite-dimensional linear differential equation with measurable initial conditions, which describes how the second law of dynamics and offers a constructive basis of real integration of differential equations of the basic law of dynamics.
The analysis of the indices verify cluster solutions
Authors: Тлегенов  , Tlegenov B.
Published: June 2014

This article is devoted to the development of methods of estimation of quality of service of passengers urban passenger transport. For this they key was used tools of statistical analysis.
Technique of an assessment of quality of service of the population city passenger transport
Authors: Тлегенов  , Tlegenov B.
Published: June 2014

This article is devoted to development of a technique of an assessment of quality of service of passengers by city passenger transport. For implementation of this technique tools of the statistical analysis were used.
Service and consumerism: the challenge of unlimited consumption society
Authors: Багдасарян Вардан , Bagdasaryan Vardan
Published: June 2014

In this article the phenomenon of service is considered in terms of the consumer society associated with its development. Revealed historical genesis of modern consumerism. Consumer culture is defined as a consequence of the establishment of appropriate cultural and anthropological model. Considered valuable basis of crisis in the system of modern world structure.
Improving the quality of social services in modern conditions
Authors: Лапидус Лариса , Lapidus Larisa
Published: June 2014

The article deals with the problem of quality improvement and social services availability in the conditions of modernization. Leading roles in solving this problem are given to state and public quality control intensification, to the technique of effective methods and techniques transferring from quality management to social services. Particular attention is paid to the necessity of customers1 loyalty level evaluation. It is also important to evaluate customers` social services satisfaction index, suppliers` certifications, form customer-oriented organizational culture and manage human resources professionally.
Experience economy: dancing in the park
Authors: Агамирова Екатерина , Agamirova Ekaterina , Лапочкина Виктория , Lapochkina Viktoriya
Published: June 2014

The article presents the role and place of experience in a person´s life, shows the essence of his personality as a form of interaction with the environment. On the basis of defining the role of leisure and entertainment such areas of modern economic theory as «culture economy» and «experience economy» are highlighted. Dance is shown as a kind of leisure activity and as a commercial product. The authors give a list of open dance floors of Moscow and their locations on the map of the city.
Catering as a basis of tourist space formation in Sochi
Authors: Давидович Анна , Davidovich Anna
Published: June 2014

The article presents the new and traditional approaches to catering placing, studied the principles of catering network location in an urban structure are investigated. The study analyzes the current development and distribution of food businesses in Sochi and their connection with catering facilities of hospitality industry (accommodation facilities, cultural institutions, architectural and natural monuments, sports facilities, business centers) and the structure of intercity transport links. In conclusion, the author offers to form a new specialized service area for tourists´restand catering in the touristarea of the city.
The economic potential of amateur tourism in Russia
Authors: Лепешкин Вячеслав , Lepeshkin Vyacheslav
Published: June 2014

The article considers trends, opportunities and problems of amateur tourism in Russia. Self-organized tourism has substantial economic potential, which is confirmed by the results of sociological research. The existing potential of amateurtourism canand must serve to accelerate the development of domestic and inbound tourism in the country, but the domestic tourism industry not always sees these opportunities and often cannot use it.There are suggested measures implementation of which will contribute to raising the efficiency of interaction between business, state and society in order to use the positive potential of amateurtourism.
On Regional Hospitality Standards Development (Case study: Yaroslavl Region)
Authors: Вапнярская Ольга , Vapnyarskaya Olga , Асоян Тигран , Asoyan Tigran
Published: June 2014

Research and practice show that special-purpose programmes designed to promote tourism development at a regional level are generally aimed at improving industry and infrastructure in a targeted region. These tasks, as well as the issues of hotel, public catering and other service quality enhancement, are focal for developers of strategies and targeted programmes of regional tourism development. Besides tourist industry development, policy papers address marketing issues, such as, for example, the development, positioning and promotion of the tourist product. However, the issues concerning the tourist service quality and the hospitable atmosphere in the environment external to a tourism enterprise receive little attention. Experience shows that tourists value not only the service quality as provided by tourist-oriented enterprises but also the friendly and welcoming attitude of the local people, which, combined, serve to create a unique atmosphere of general hospitality. UNWTO regards the ethics of tourism development as important and indispensable. With this in mind, the authors of the article raise the problem of a hospitality standards complex development which, applied at a regional level, should include provisions to be implemented by the tourism industry and infrastructure participants to improve service. The authors hold that a standards complex will ensure a synergetic approach to the creation of a unique atmosphere of hospitality in a region, and assert that the content of the standards be based on the provisions of international legal acts and the legal and regulatory framework in effect in a particular region. A model of the standards is demonstrated in the context of the Yaroslavl region.
Pragmatic and dialogic interpretations of bi-intuitionism. Part I
Authors: Bellin Gianluigi , Carrara Massimiliano , Chiffi Daniele , Menti Alessandro
Published: June 2014

We consider a “polarized” version of bi-intuitionistic logic [5, 2, 6, 4] as a logic of assertions and hypotheses and show that it supports a “rich proof theory” and an interesting categorical interpretation, unlike the standard approach of C. Rauszer’s Heyting-Brouwer logic [28, 29], whose categorical models are all partial orders by Crolard’s theorem [8]. We show that P.A. Melliès notion of chirality [21, 22] appears as the right mathematical representation of the mirror symmetry between the intuitionistic and co-intuitionistc sides of polarized bi-intuitionism. Philosophically, we extend Dalla Pozza and Garola’s pragmatic interpretation of intuitionism as a logic of assertions [10] to bi-intuitionism as a logic of assertions and hypotheses. We focus on the logical role of illocutionary forces and justification conditions in order to provide “intended interpretations” of logical systems that classify inferential uses in natural language and remain acceptable from an intuitionistic point of view. Although Dalla Pozza and Garola originally provide a constructive interpretation of intuitionism in a classical setting, we claim that some conceptual refinements suffice to make their “pragmatic interpretation” a bona fide representation of intuitionism. We sketch a meaning-asuse interpretation of co-intuitionism that seems to fulfil the requirements of Dummett and Prawitz’s justificationist approach. We extend the Brouwer-Heyting-Kolmogorov interpretation to bi-intuitionism by regarding co-intuitionistic formulas as types of the evidence for them: if conclusive evidence is needed to justify assertions, only a scintilla of evidence suffices to justify hypotheses.
Input-Output Innovativeness of the Visegrad Group Regions
Authors: Golejewska Anna
Published: June 2014

Observation that regional factors could influence innovative capacity of firms caused interest growth of innovation analysis at regional level. The objective of the paper is to measure and compare INPUT and OUTPUT innovativeness of 35 NUTS-2 Visegrad Group (V4) regions in the years 2004-2009. The indexes of regional innovativeness are based on synthetic measure. The variables correspond with the variables proposed in Regional Innovation Scoreboard. The first part of the paper contains a survey of innovativeness measures. In the next part I apply INPUT-OUTPUT analysis. The research procedure consist of three steps. The construction of matrix of regional innovativeness data was the first step. The next step was the measurement of innovation indexes. The last step was the comparison of regions based on INPUT and OUTPUT indexes. The results show that there have been and continue to be substantial differences among the V4 regions as regards innovativeness. Differences are particularly visible in case of capital regions, which are characterised by the highest INPUT and OUTPUT indexes (except for mazowieckie). In 2009, high indexes have also 2 Czech regions: Strední Cechy and Jihovýchod. In the V4, high value of INPUT index not always corresponds to high value of OUTPUT index. The most numerous group consisted of regions with medium values of both indexes. The lowest OUTPUT indexes were recorded for Polish Eastern regions. To the group characterised by low or medium INPUT indexes and high OUTPUT indexes belonged mainly Czech and Hungarian regions. In Slovak regions low INPUT indexes corresponded to medium OUTPUT indexes. Analysing the results, one should not forget that they are based on seven variables, which are a resultant of – in some measure – random choice and data accessibility. However it should not underrate the importance of this research.
The Innovativeness of Financial Institutions in Poland – the Perspectives of the Development
Authors: Czerwiński Bogumił
Published: June 2014

Financial services which are more and more important part of the economy in developed countries mainly absorbing the innovations are becoming simultaneously important creators of the innovations in the area of marketing and organizational changes. The essence of the innovation in the financial services was introduced in the article. The basic categories of innovations in the financial services were introduced. The analyses of the level of the innovativeness of the financial institutions with the regard of the subjective differentiation were executed on the basis of the statistical data and because of the kinds of the innovation. The basic groups of factors influencing the innovations were identified in the article and were connected with marketing activities on the market of the financial services. The thesis is to conduct some considerations about the continually insufficient level of the innovativeness of the majority of the financial institutions leading their activity in Poland. The identification of the part of innovations and the perspectives of the development of innovativeness in the activity of the financial institutions functioning in Poland is the aim of the research. Certain analyses were executed in this sector given statistical accumulated by GUS in 2009-2011. The objective and the subjective differentiation of the innovation were introduced. It was affirmed that financial services in Poland and in countries throughout Europe are one of the most innovative sections of the economy. Product and process innovations play larger meaning in functioning financial institutions. Research that was carried out showed that among all the enterprises numbered to the Section K-Financial and Insurance Activities (according to the classification PKD GUS) the most innovative are financial institutions belonging to the section 65 – Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security. The lower level of innovativeness are characterize however the most numerous among financial institutions enterprises numbered to section 64 – Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding. On the base of the analysis given, the perspectives of the development of the innovativeness of financial institutions in Poland were introduced.
Labour Supply in the Labour Market in Rural Areas in Poland
Authors: Szczebiot–Knoblauch Lucyna , Kisiel Roman
Published: June 2014

Since the beginning of the political transformation in Poland, it's been more than twenty years, however, the situation on the labor market in rural areas is not the best. Deteriorating statistics on the labor market in Poland, manifested by high unemployment and a growing number of people in rural areas is the main reason for the formulation of the main as: analysis of the supply side of the labor market in rural areas in Poland in the years 20o0-2011. Discussion is focused on the employment and unemployment rates in Poland and the total isolation of rural areas. The presented figures were derived from calculations made on the basis of Polish Statistical Yearbooks, Annals of rural population censuses and agricultural Census available at the Central Statistical Office in Warsaw and Olsztyn, and the Foundation for the Development of Polish Agriculture.
Factors of Interregional Differences in a Share of Service Sector in Employment
Authors: Cyrek Magdalena
Published: June 2014

The analysis of regional differences in a share of service sector in employment was conducted in the study. The aim of research was to identify the most important intra-sectoral determinants of labour engagement in the service sector at a level of voivodeships. Statistical methods such as analysis of variability, correlation, regression and factor analysis were used to realize the task of research. After identification of the most important factors determining regional scale of employment in the service sector and their structuralization, there were indicated specific sets of factors influencing situation in each voivodeship.
The Legal Aspect of the Labour Market in the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Mazuruk Piotr
Published: June 2014

Specifying system transformations of the standard-legal base of market institutions is a purpose of the article, in it in the sphere of attitudes to the work and the employment in the Republic of Belarus, in individual stages of the transformation of the economics of the country after 1991, along with establishing of main forms of the pay and stimulating the work in conditions of construction you with socially informed economics. Analysis of prescriptive acts and literature describing given issues served as research methods.
Acute Lung Injury and Blood Transfusions in Canines
Authors: Tennant Bryn
Published: June 2014

Introduction

Acute lung injury may be triggered in dogs by transfusion of blood/plasma-containing products
Feline cystitis: a case presenting with LUTS in a young female cat
Authors: Robertson Elise
Published: June 2014

Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a term often given to cats exhibiting certain clinical signs, including straining to urinate, haematuria, pollakiuria, and periuria. Although periuria (urinating inappropriately around the house) is the clinical sign that most often initiates the visit to a veterinarian, the clinician must differentiate cats with lower urinary tract signs (LUTS) indicative of underlying disease from those with behavioural issues. Despite extensive diagnostics, at least 70% of cats presenting with LUTS will have no identifiable cause (e.g. urinary stones, urinary tract infection), and are thus categorised as having feline idiopathic cystitis.
Emergency management of the septic abdomen: part 2
Authors: Adams Rob
Published: June 2014

The septic abdomen is an acute emergency where bacterial contamination of the peritoneum can cause profound systemic signs requiring immediate intervention. Techniques for diagnosing septic peritonitis, and appropriate stabilisation prior to surgery were discussed in the first part of this two-part series (Companion animal (2014) 19(5): 263–8). This second article concentrates on the surgical and postoperative aspects of managing this condition. It is easy to forget about postoperative management while performing any emergency surgery, but both aspects are of equally high importance, and good postoperative management strategies can make a significant difference to the survival of these patients.
Enteric infectious diseases of game birds
Authors: Hylands Matthew , Elsheikha Hany
Published: June 2014

The growing game bird shooting industry presents practicing veterinarians with an increasing workload of game birds. However, given the cultural background of game bird management, it is still common for gamekeepers to diagnose diseased birds, and veterinarians are only consulted as a final option. As a result, veterinarians in practice are often confronted with cases of ‘non-specific enteritis’. Hence, definitive identification of the disease causative agent is rarely achieved. The goal of this article is to provide a summary of the literature, with particular attention to common diseases affecting the health and welfare of game birds.
Ultrasound of the gall bladder and biliary tree: part 1
Authors: Wills Mark , Harvey Chris J , Kuzmich Siarhei , Afaq Asim , Cosgrove David
Published: June 2014

Ultrasound is the modality of choice for the initial assessment of the gall bladder and the biliary tree. This article is the first of two, and details normal ultrasound appearances of the gall bladder, as well as appearances of cholecystitis, sludge, adenomyomatosis, polyps, carcinoma and parasites.
Ultrasound of the gall bladder and biliary tree: part 2
Authors: Wills Mark , Harvey Chris J , Kuzmich Siarhei , Afaq Asim , Cosgrove David
Published: June 2014

Ultrasound is the modality of choice for the initial assessment of the gall bladder and the biliary tree. This article details normal ultrasound appearances of the biliary tree, as well as appearances of biliary obstruction, biliary cirrhosis, biliary gall-stones, developmental disorders, cholangiopathies and cholangiocarcinoma.
Bile duct injury following laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Williamson JML
Published: June 2014

Iatrogenic biliary injury following laparoscopic cholecystectomy is uncommon, but carries considerable morbidity and often requires complex management. Biliary injuries require a multidisciplinary approach, with radiological, endoscopic and operative interventions all playing a significant role in their subsequent management.
Quality of patient information in the acute surgical admission: a prospective audit
Authors: Shenouda Michael E , Lane Jennifer C , Sarang Zubair , Renton Sophie
Published: June 2014

A prospective audit was carried out to assess patient understanding and recall of information in the acute surgical setting through the use of information leaflets. The authors found that provision of written information can enhance the process of obtaining informed consent, reduce patient anxiety and improve patient satisfaction.
Training, supervision and therapists' adherence to manual-based therapy
Authors: Cox Diane , Burgess Mary , Chalder Trudie , Sharpe Michael , White Peter , Clark Lucy
Published: June 2014

Objectives

To describe the development, delivery and quality control of three manual-based therapies as given in an inter-professional multi-centre randomized controlled trial of therapies for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).

Methods

Experienced therapy leaders were recruited. These therapy leaders then developed the treatments and therapy manuals, piloted them, and planned training and supervision. Appropriately-qualified therapists were recruited to deliver each therapy and trained in the specific therapy philosophy, model and delivery. Training and supervision was face-to-face and by telephone, and included reviewing audio recordings of therapy sessions.

Results

At the end of the trial, the therapists delivering all three trial therapies were similarly highly rated as adhering well to their manuals and scored similarly and highly on therapeutic alliance with patients and therapy differentiation.

Conclusions

High-quality delivery of therapy can be achieved if there is an experienced therapy lead, if therapy manuals have been piloted, and if therapists are well trained and supervised, including the review of recorded treatment sessions. Routine clinical practice could benefit from the implementation of these procedures.
Independent living centre occupational therapy (OT) versus routine community OT
Authors: Borrows Anne , Holland Richard
Published: June 2014

Aim

To determine whether the occupational therapy service from an independent living centre (ILC) was more or less effective than the routine community occupational therapy service.

Methods

This study is a pragmatic, pilot RCT, following a parallel group design where we randomized the participants to receive either occupational therapy (OT) services from the ILC (intervention) or routine community OT services (control). An automated randomization system allocated participants into one of the two groups. Intervention group participants usually received the intervention during a one-off visit to the centre of approximately 1.5 hours. Community OT assessments varied in length between 0.5 to 2 hours. The same researcher performed outcome assessments at 3 and 12 months after randomization, with one follow-up telephone contact and a further letter, if required. The primary outcome used to assess dependency was the Community Dependence Index (CDI). Secondary outcomes included a measure of quality of life, the EQ-5D.

Results

On average, the CDI increased (improved) at 3 months, for both the intervention group and control group, by two to three units on the CDI measure. This implies a small change in dependence were it to have been a real effect.

Conclusion

Our results found no difference between the two forms of care, but should be treated with caution due to the small sample size.
Factors affecting quality of life for people who have experienced a stroke
Authors: Moeller Dorte , Carpenter Christine
Published: June 2014

Background

Quality of life (QoL) after stroke has primarily been the focus of quantitative research; however, the validity and adequacy of QoL measures have been questioned and qualitative research approaches have been advocated.

Aim

This review aims to gain a subjective understanding of the construct of QoL from the perspectives of people who have experienced a stroke.

Method

We conducted a metasynthesis, based on primary qualitative research of differing methodologies. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize the findings of the eight studies reviewed.

Findings

Nine themes, each representing factors affecting QoL after stroke, were identified: physical and cognitive changes; communication; sense of self and identity; activities and participation; dependency and support in relationships; uncertainty and level of control; adaptation and attitude; the personal and social interpretation; new values and perspectives.

Conclusion

The impact of stroke on QoL is largely determined by how the stroke influences social roles and aspects of self perceived as important to an individual's sense of identity. The findings emphasise QoL as an evaluative concept and contribute to the growing critique of attempts to measure QoL. Further research, using mixed methods research, is required to develop a comprehensive understanding of QoL after stroke.
Joint Emergency Services Interoperability Programme: working together saving lives
Authors: Flanagan Joy
Published: June 2014

The Joint Emergency Services Interoperability Programme (JESIP) was established in 2012 to improve how police, fire and ambulance services work together at major or complex incidents. Joy Flanagan outlines what the programme has delivered, the training courses it offers and its plans for the future.
Pulse oximetry in the pre-hospital setting
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: June 2014

In order to sustain life respiratory gases are essential. The ability of the paramedic to monitor these gases is key to high-quality, effective, prehospital care. Pulse oximetry provides the pre-hospital care provider with a resource that enables them to monitor patients when they are in the field. The standard method for monitoring peripheral arterial oxygen saturation is pulse oximetry. It is common that supplemental oxygen is given to target levels of oxygen saturation, assisted by the use of pulse oximeters. Other methodologies are available that allow the monitoring of carbon dioxide through capnography and carbon monoxide through CO-oximetry. A pulse oximeter is a non-invasive product that assists the paramedic in assessing the haemoglobin content in a patient's blood.
Paramedic perceptions and attitudes to working with patients with alcohol-related injury or illness
Authors: Glencorse Mark , Wilson Graeme , Birch Dorothy Newbury
Published: June 2014

Aims

To ascertain views, perceptions and attitudes of paramedics when working with patients presenting with alcohol-related injury or illness, and to explore perceived barriers and facilitators for the introduction of alcohol interventions to the NHS ambulance services.

Methods

A total of 142 (24%) from 589 paramedics from the North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust returned completed surveys between January 2013 to April 2013, which included measures of current perceptions and attitudes of working with patients with alcohol-related injury or illness, and the Shortened Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire (SAAPPQ).

Results

Paramedics reported little to no formal training on working with patients with alcohol-related injury or illness (77%). Paramedics scored low across all domains of the SAAPPQ for working with both problem and dependent drinkers. Not having suitable counseling materials (77%), not enough training (72%) and no facilities or time to deal with prevention (69%) were key barriers.

Conclusions

At this present time, levels of commitment, motivation, satisfaction, legitimacy and adequacy are low in front-line paramedics when working with patients with alcohol-related injury and illness. However, they are open to finding ways to provide interventions if they are adequately trained and have appropriate referral pathways open to them.
How to run a puppy party: social saviour or social demon?
Authors: Hargrave Claire
Published: June 2014

A previous article ( Hargrave 2013 ) discussed some of the predisposing factors that may make it difficult for a puppy's emotional and behavioural repertoire to develop as their owner may expect, potentially leading to puppies failing to cope in the domestic environment and developing compensating, undesirable behaviours that lead to early difficulties in the human–animal bond. Such puppies and their families require vigilance on the part of the veterinary team to spot them early and to enable the initiation of support. This article develops the theme by suggesting a comprehensive package of support that practices, possibly in cooperation with appropriately qualified trainers, may offer puppies during practice-led puppy classes. Such support packages should help puppies, both with or without extra challenging predispositions, to cope with the physical and social complexity and frustrations of co-existence with humans in a domestic environment. Due to the increasing environmental challenges met by young dogs and the growing sensitivity of the general public to dogs that exhibit behaviours associated with a lack of environmental competency, such preventative behavioural support should be as much a basic of practice welfare policy as preventative puppy vaccinations.
Constant rate infusions — a veterinary nurse's guide
Authors: Taylor Susanna
Published: June 2014

Constant rate infusions (CRIs) are ever more commonly used in veterinary anaesthesia and critical care. Veterinary nurses are often required to set up, administer and monitor infusions. Understanding the mechanics of CRIs, as well as the pharmacology of individual drugs is vital for a veterinary nurse working on such cases. Uses for CRIs during anaesthesia can broadly be divided in to three areas: partial intravenous anaesthesia (PIVA); total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA); and second line treatment for hypotension. Drugs used in CRIs include opioids, sedatives, and catecholamines; commonly used drugs are discussed including benefits and contraindications.
The National Equine Health Survey
Authors: Taylor Gemma
Published: June 2014

Gemma Taylor, Education Officer at Blue Cross, reminds all those involved with horses and ponies to sign up to the National Equine Health Survey during 18-24 May this year.
Shaping the financial health environment
Authors: Williams Sian
Published: June 2014

The UK's registered social landlord (RSL) sector continues to face the pressures brought by welfare reform and the recession. Practitioners and policy makers unsurprisingly focus on the two factors which can most obviously undermine the financial health of low-income households – financial exclusion and financial capability. This article sets out how too often the service provider itself directly causes the financial stress for the very people they intended to help; their own customers. It shows how Financial Inclusion Health Checks for Organisations (FIHCO) can help and offers a deceptively simple solution.
Fathering after separation or divorce: navigating domestic, public and moral spaces
Authors: Philip Georgia
Published: June 2014

This article uses qualitative data from a study of fathering after separation and divorce to provide insights into how men may navigate the complex terrain of post-separation fathering. It considers domestic space, seen as important for sustaining fathering roles and relationships; it considers more public or social spaces, where fathers feel they can, or should, ‘display’ fathering; but also highlights a gendered moral space in which fathering identities and practices can be enacted and validated. Exploration of this complex landscape of post-separation fathering reveals important practical, relational and moral dimensions of sustaining fathering relationships over time and across households, and illustrates how gendered patterns of caring for children can become fault lines for renegotiating parenting after separation or divorce.
Support Planning Success Stories From a Provider Organization's Journey
Authors: Bailey Linda , Nixon Yvonne Miller
Published: June 2014

The role of community support provider organizations has shifted from one of care and segregation to one of facilitating the full inclusion of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in their local communities. In this article, we share how Evergreen Life Services, a nonprofit provider of supports for people with intellectual disability, has changed and progressed over time, particularly in the context of the growth of the supports movement. As evidence of our organization's progress, we share success stories of people with disabilities whom the organization supports. The keys to Evergreen's success in shifting from a congregate care provider to an organization that facilitates the provision of personalized supports to empower people with disabilities to live lives that they find fulfilling are discussed. Also discussed are the challenges faced by provider organizations that strive for continuous quality improvement.
Assessment and Planning in K-12 Schools: A Social-Ecological Approach
Authors: Walker Virginia L. , DeSpain Stephanie N. , Thompson James R. , Hughes Carolyn
Published: June 2014

The Support Needs Assessment and Problem-Solving (SNAP) process is intended to assist educational teams in identifying and implementing supports for children with intellectual disability and related developmental disabilities (ID/DD) in K-12 schools. Each phase of the SNAP process is described, including identification of high priority support needs based on information derived from the Supports Intensity Scale–Children's Version (SIS-C). Two case studies of school teams using the SNAP process to identify and implement supports that enhanced opportunities for learning and participation of children in inclusive settings are presented. The importance of understanding children with ID/DD by their support needs and implications for team planning in K-12 schools are discussed.