bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of calcareous and siliceous amendments onN2Oemissions of a grassland soil
Authors: Vekic Teodora Todorcic , Nadeem Shahid , Molstad Lars , Martinsen Vegard , Hiis Elisabeth Gautefall , Bakken Lars , Rütting Tobias , Klemedtsson Leif , Dörsch Peter
Published: May 2023

Liming of acidic agricultural soils has been proposed as a strategy to mitigate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, as increased soil pH reduces the N2O/N2product ratio of denitrification. The capacity of different calcareous (calcite and dolomite) and siliceous minerals to increase soil pH and reduce N2O emissions was assessed in a 2‐year grassland field experiment. An associated pot experiment was conducted using homogenized field soils for controlling spatial soil variability. Nitrous oxide emissions were highly episodic with emission peaks in response to freezing–thawing and application of NPK fertilizer. Liming with dolomite caused a pH increase from 5.1 to 6.2 and reduced N2O emissions by 30% and 60% after application of NPK fertilizer and freezing–thawing events, respectively. Over the course of the 2‐year field trial, N2O emissions were significantly lower in dolomite‐limed than non‐limed soil (p < .05), although this effect was variable over time. Unexpectedly, no significant reduction of N2O emission was found in the calcite treatment, despite the largest pH increase in all tested minerals. We tentatively attribute this to increased N2O production by overall increase in nitrogen turnover rates (both nitrification and denitrification) following rapid pH increase in the first year after liming. Siliceous materials showed little pH effect and had no significant effect on N2O emissions probably because of their lower buffering capacity and lower cation content. In the pot experiment using soils taken from the field plots 3 years after liming and exposing them to natural freezing–thawing, both calcite (p < .01) and dolomite (p < .05) significantly reduced cumulative N2O emission by 50% and 30%, respectively, relative to the non‐limed control. These results demonstrate that the overall effect of liming is to reduce N2O emission, although high lime doses may lead to a transiently enhanced emission.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DQA1*01:64:02 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Blandin Lucie , Visentin Jonathan , Cargou Marine , Rouzaire Paul , Lemal Richard
Published: May 2023

HLA‐DQA1*01:64:02 differs from HLA‐DQA1*01:64:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 123 in exon 3.
The novel HLA‐B*44:03:67 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Du Ke‐ming , Ma Li , Yuan Zhi‐yang , An Lin , Zheng Zhong‐zheng
Published: May 2023

HLA‐B*44:03:67 differs from HLA‐B*44:03:02:01 by one nucleotide in exon 4.
Needle tract seeding and malignant transformation of hepatocellular adenoma into well‐differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in a dog
Authors: Jornet‐Rius Oriol , Agulla Beatriz , López María Cristina , Viñeta Claudia , García‐Ferrer Alicia , Serrano Bárbara , Marco Alberto , Palomares Anna , Novellas Rosa , Espada Yvonne , Roura Xavier , Solano‐Gallego Laia
Published: May 2023

An 11‐year‐old neutered female Golden Retriever was referred for investigation of marked increases in liver enzyme activities. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a large pedunculated liver mass. Diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) was made when the mass was excised after a first unsuccessful attempt through ultrasound‐guided core‐needle biopsy. One and a half years after presentation, a nodule embedded between muscles of the abdominal wall appeared. The mass was first diagnosed as a well‐differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through cytologic examination, which was later confirmed with histopathology. Ki 67 immunostaining of the abdominal wall nodule showed an increased immunoreactivity compared with the liver mass. Therefore, the present case documents the first needle‐tract seeding of a hepatocellular epithelial tumor with possible malignant transformation of HCA into a well‐differentiated HCC in a dog.
Delayed non‐selective contrast‐enhanced CT can reveal spontaneous contrast enhancement of the lymphatic system in cats
Authors: Guarnera Isabella , Cordella Alessia , Specchi Swan , Bertolini Giovanna
Published: May 2023

The authors incidentally observed that, on delayed postcontrast CT studies, feline patients could show increased attenuation of the lymphatic system. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if the lymphatic system of feline patients undergoing intravenous administration of contrast medium might consistently enhance on delayed postcontrast CT studies. Feline patients that underwent CT examination for variable diagnostic purposes were included in this multicentric observational descriptive study. A 10‐min delayed postcontrast whole‐body CT series was obtained for all cats enrolled and the following anatomic structures were systematically assessed: mesenteric lymphatic vessels, hepatic lymphatic vessels, cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, and anastomosis of the thoracic duct with the systemic venous system. A total of 47 cats were included in the study. The mesenteric lymphatic vessels showed enhancement in the selected series in 39 of 47 (83%) patients and the hepatic lymphatic vessels in 38 of 47 (81%) patients. The cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, and the point of anastomosis of the thoracic duct with the systemic venous circulation were enhanced in 43 (91%), 39 (83%), and 31 of 47 (66%) cats, respectively. This study confirms the initial observation. The mesenteric and hepatic lymphatic system, the cisterna chyli, the thoracic duct, and its anastomosis with the systemic venous circulation of feline patients undergoing intravenous administration of iodinated contrast medium can show spontaneous contrast enhancement in non‐selective 10‐min delayed contrast‐enhanced CT series.
Homeless Tongues
Authors: Balbuena Monique
Published: May 2023

This book offers a sustained literary analysis of contemporary, multilingual and transnational Sephardic poetry. It proposes to re-examine the canonicity of Jewish literature by integrating the contribution of Sephardic Jews (Jews whose origins are traced to the Iberian Peninsula) and taking into account the multilingual complexity of Jewish writing. This book also observes the role of language and intertextual choice in the construction of identity. In a dialogue with Deleuze and Guattari’s theory of “minor literatures,” this book argues that minor literatures can emerge from multilingual settings and conditions, and that minor languages have the power to challenge and re-inscribe major languages. It introduces and reads three little-known multilingual and multicultural Jewish poets who write from an oppositional or marginal position, using minor or threatened languages—Algerian Sadia Lévy, Israeli Margalit Matitiahu, and Argentine Juan Gelman. Writing in French and Hebrew, Hebrew and Ladino, and Spanish and Ladino, respectively, each of these different poets expresses a hybrid, composite Sephardic identity, through a strategic choice of competing languages and intertexts.Their work also calls into question established notions of ethnic, literary and linguistic identity. Centering on these poets, this book addresses the issue of competing narratives within Jewish cultural history, and focusing on intra-Jewish difference, it stresses the internal multiculturalism of the Jews. This book is a potential bridge between the debates on poetics, minor literatures and postcolonial studies, and the field of Jewish Studies.
Introduction
Authors: Balbuena Monique R.
Published: May 2023

This introduction first introduces poet Clarisse Nicoïdski as a Sephardic poet who shifts languages and genres when she moves from French to Ladino, and prose to poetry, when confronting the death of her mother, her people and her culture. Then the introduction briefly presents Deleuze and Guattari’s formula for “minor literatures” and the counter-arguments this book presents to it. The text then proceeds discussing basic concepts that are central to the book and to the poets here discussed: genres of Sephardic poetry, the Judeo-Spanish language, its development and its many names, multilingualism and Jewish langauges, and Diaspora.
At The Crossroads
Authors: Balbuena Monique R.
Published: May 2023

Chapter 2, on Israeli contemporary poet Margalit Matitiahu, focuses on her bilingual Hebrew-Ladino books—especially her first volumes, Kurtijio Kemado and Alegrika. It discusses the critical reception of her work within Hebrew and Ladino literatures and, observing that her readers and critics are for the most part still divided across linguistic borders, offers a reading of two poems in both their Hebrew and Ladino versions, with attention to the specificities of the languages and their respective audiences, and observing the poet’s strategies of self-translation. This chapter also brings to the foreground the politics of Jewish languages and questions the concepts of diasporic and nationalist identities, pointing to a critique of the nation and the attempted creation of a homogenizing national subject. It also touches upon the place of the Shoah in Sephardic memory and identity.
Introduction
Authors: Goldberg Sylvie Anne
Published: May 2023

This chapter presents, first an overview of the multiple landmarks used by the Jew to date an event. It then presents the idea of a “space-time” constructed by Jewish temporality. To do so, the chapter draws on the approaches to time built for history, and poses its own dialectic to grasp the present between “this world” and “the coming world.”
God’s Time, Humanity’s Time
Authors: Goldberg Sylvie Anne
Published: May 2023

This chapter pursues the questions of the sacred and the profane times through the distinction made by Biblical scholars about “Hebrew time” that they found in the Hebrew Bible. A. J. Heschel saw Judaism as an “architecture of time,” while von Rad saw, mostly in the Bible, a “religion of history.”
Temporal Scansions
Authors: Goldberg Sylvie Anne
Published: May 2023

This chapter describes the scansions of time, the rhythm of its landmarks: days, weeks, months, years, festivals, fallow fields. It follows the changes introduced through time into the naming and counting of the years, from the Bible to the Talmud and the calendar, putting together a form of chronology of elapsed time.
Exercises in Rabbinic Calculation
Authors: Goldberg Sylvie Anne
Published: May 2023

This chapter follows the emergence of dating the era: on tombstones displaying the era of the world, counted from the date of the destruction of the Second Temple, on divorce and marriages acts, displaying the Seleucid era, and the first attempts to make the dating fit together, combining all the systems in use in the Jewish world with the start of the almost unified use of the era of the world on colophons and other texts, and on Italian tombstones.
A Fleeting Conclusion
Authors: Goldberg Sylvie Anne
Published: May 2023

The last chapter is an opening for further research. It first combines the elements discussed in the book into a threefold system of time references, presenting the “Jewish time” as one made of a universal and specific mixture. It then goes back to the debate presented in the first chapter about the awareness of history among Jews, to conclude by taking the case of Dei Rossi and David Gans who discovered, in the sixteenth century, the problematic of the biblical arithmetic based on the ages indicated in the Bible.
Digital Relationships
Authors: Davis Jason
Published: May 2023

Why do so many organizations fail to mobilize the social networks of employees to respond to disruptions, innovate, and change? In Digital Relationships, Jason Davis argues that individual and organizational interests about networking can come out of alignment such that the network ties that individuals form are organizationally suboptimal for achieving their most ambitious goals. Developing a new perspective about networks and organizations, he explains through network agency theory how network problems emerge, the role of digital technology adoption by organizations in amplifying misalignment, and the capacity of managers and function of the executive to resolve agency problems and mitigate their impact. Drawing on over a decade of qualitative research in US, Asian, and European “big tech” companies and new analytical and computational modeling, this book offers new interpretations and solutions to the pathologies that emerge from organizationally detrimental networking behaviors and in the face of managerial interventions.
Entrenched Brokers and Ossified Bridges
Authors: Davis Jason
Published: May 2023

This chapter details network agency problems related to prominent network positions, using brokerage relationships that span structural holes as a primary example. Misaligned networking interests emanating from entrenched brokerage positions and ossified bridges are explored. Brokers as a cartel are considered, with the notion of brokerage monopoly developed to explain anticompetitive networking behavior at the group level. Contrary to some expectations, digital technologies can be used to solidify brokerage monopolies and sustain their rents.
Agentic Function of the Executive
Authors: Davis Jason
Published: May 2023

This chapter describes how executives can have a broader effect on organization-wide changes that mitigate the development and impact of network agency problems. The use of managerial digital technologies such as people analytics is discussed, with the rampant adoption of remote-work digital technologies used as a natural experiment to better understand their impact. The development of strategic social capital practices to complement emerging strategic human capital practices is sketched throughout. A new function of the executive is the creation of organizational environments that mitigate network agency problems.
Judicial Independence and the American Constitution
Authors: Redish Martin H.
Published: May 2023

This book argues that American constitutionalism is properly deemed to dictate adherence to the rule of law achieved through a process of checking of government’s unlimited power over the individual, the majority’s unlimited power over the minority and government’s unlimited power over the populace. Thus, paradoxically, it is only by vigilant enforcement of prophylactically assured judicial independence, insulating the judiciary from majoritrarian control, that our nation’s form of constitutional democracy is able to function effectively. Our Constitution—unlike its British predecessor—takes written form, is framed in the form of mandatory directives, and is explicitly made subject to alteration only through a complex counter-majoritarian process. Absent vigorous, prophylactic protections of judicial independence, our counter-majoritarian constitutional system would be vulnerable to manipulation and circumvention by the majoritarian elements of government. This is simply because if those vested with the final say as to the meaning of the Constitution are subject to control of the very majoritarian branches sought to be limited by that Constitution, as a practical matter the document will be deprived of its force and effectiveness as a limitation on those possessing political power. The book is designed to stand as a response and alternative to the recent development of scholarly theories, such as departmentalism and popular constitutionalism, which dangerously ignore the centrality of judicial independence to the American constitutional system.
Habeas Corpus, Due Process, and American Constitutionalism
Authors: Redish Martin H.
Published: May 2023

This chapter examines the so-called “Suspension Clause” permitting government to suspend the writ of habeas corpus in the event of rebellion or invasion. Although this power has been used with extreme rarity, it presents a serious threat to constitutional democracy, given that it would more likely be used during times of political stress and public paranoia. This chapter argues that the very notion of this suspension is inconsistent with core notions of due process and fair procedure, since it would effectively allow government to jail its political opponents or racial or religious minorities at will, without any possibility of judicial limitation or review. For that reason, enactment of the Due Process Clause in the Fifth Amendment should be deemed to have rendered the Suspension Clause unconstitutional, as any provision in the body of the Constitution inconsistent with the directive contained in an amendment is automatically superseded by that amendment.
A Baedeker to Buczacz
Authors: Mintz Alan
Published: May 2023

The opening story of A City in Its Fullness is a myth of origins that presents the founding of Buczacz as an arrested attempt on the part of fervent Jews from the Rhineland Valley to journey to the Land of Israel. This story is compared with the historical record, which describes an economic emigration of Jews from central Poland in the sixteenth century into lands in the southeast newly colonized by Polish nobles. The Jewish community of Buczacz rebuilt itself after the Khmelnytskyi massacres of 1648 and the Tatar and Turkish incursions that followed. The community experienced relative prosperity and stability as a town owned by the Potocki family. The first book of A City in Its Fullness is devoted to the town’s principle places and institutions in the form of a grand tour conducted for the reader, with attention given to both Jewish and gentile space.
Worship and Danger
Authors: Mintz Alan
Published: May 2023

Agnon examines ḥazzanim, the cantors or professional prayer leaders in the synagogue, not as employees of the community but as embodying the ideal of prayer as a vocation. This construction draws upon the office of the high priest in the ancient Temple service, the sacred poet of the Middle Ages, and the romantic artist, whose self-sacrifice on the altar of his art renders him a martyr. Discussing three stories about ḥazzanim—about a young woman with a gift for sacred music who must keep her gift hidden; a ḥazzan whose determination to serve the community without pay brings about his gruesome martyrdom; and a gifted ḥazzan who pays for his amour-propre earlier in life by having to recluse himself from the profession—this chapter examines the stories’ tragic realization that leading the community in true prayer inevitably leads to the danger of too close proximity to the holy.
Thought's Wilderness
Authors: Ellermann Greg
Published: May 2023

While much recent ecocriticism has questioned the value of nature as a concept, Thought's Wilderness insists that it is analytically and politically indispensable, and that romanticism shows us why. Without a concept of nature, Greg Ellermann argues, our thinking is limited to the world that capitalism has made.
Defamiliarizing the tradition of romantic nature writing, Ellermann contends that the romantics tried to circumvent the domination of nature that is essential to modern capitalism. As he shows, poets and philosophers in the period such as Immanuel Kant, G. W. F. Hegel, Mary Wollstonecraft, William Wordsworth, and Percy Shelley were highly attuned to nature's ephemeral, ungraspable forms: clouds of vapor, a trace of ruin, deep silence, and the "world-surrounding ether." Further, he explains how nature's vanishing – its vulnerability and its flight from apprehension – became a philosophical and political problem. In response to a nascent industrial capitalism, romantic writers developed a poetics of wilderness – a poetics that is attentive to fleeting presence and that seeks to let things be. Trying to imagine what ultimately eludes capture, the romantics recognized the complicity between conceptual and economic domination, and they saw how thought itself could become a technology for control. This insight, Ellermann proposes, motivates romantic efforts to think past capitalist instrumentality and its devastation of the world.
Ultimately, this new work undertakes a fundamental rethinking of the aesthetics and politics of nature.
Wollstonecraft in Ruins
Authors: Ellermann Greg
Published: May 2023

This chapter reads Wollstonecraft’s Scandinavian Letters as a significant contribution to poetics. Throughout the Letters, she joins intricate figurative descriptions of the Scandinavian landscape with philosophical reveries on the origin and end of human life and language. Wollstonecraft’s thinking about poetry pivots on the figure of anthropomorphism. Long seen as integral to the romantic lyric, anthropomorphism signifies the appropriative humanization of nature. In the Letters as well as the closely related essay “On Poetry,” Wollstonecraft registers the damage wrought by anthropomorphism while reconceiving it as a memorial to violence. According to Wollstonecraft, this figure attests to the ruinous history of nature in “commerce”—her term for the circulation of raw materials, commodities, and human bodies. Her experiments in anthropomorphism present, with surprising specificity, “an image of human industry in the shape of destruction.”
Shelley’s Ethereal Poetics
Authors: Ellermann Greg
Published: May 2023

This chapter concerns metaphor in Shelley’s Queen Mab, and it aligns the poem’s figures of spirit with the ethereal atmospheres of natural philosophy. For Shelley, ether is an ideal for poetic thinking. Irreducible to either spirit or matter, ether suspends the distinction between them. It gave Shelley new ways of thinking about the relationship between spirit, or consciousness, and material nature. This chapter demonstrates that Shelley’s thought is inseparable from the form in which it takes place, and it identifies those complex metaphoric transformations so characteristic of his style as ethereal. It also suggests that Shelley’s ethereal poetics expresses a hope for reconciliation with nature. The chapter concludes by turning to Prometheus Unbound, where Shelley invokes “common love” as another way of relating to the world.
Introduction
Authors: Walser Hannah
Published: May 2023

This book argues that many familiar texts of nineteenth-century US literature are best understood as experiments in social cognition. Whereas scholars of cognition have often depicted human reasoning about other minds as confined to “Theory of Mind” (ToM)—the attribution of propositional mental states—this introduction draws upon contemporary work in philosophy of mind and anthropology, as well as context from the history of psychiatry, to reveal the malleable and multifarious methods that individuals and cultures use to make sense of behavior. Literary works can thus actively reshape readers’ paradigms for explaining their own and others’ actions. By representing minds that are neither transparent to themselves nor legible to others, and characters who behave in a way inconsistent with mental-state explanations, the texts in this study probe the limits of typical Theory of Mind and offer an ad hoc patchwork of alternative paradigms.
Poetic Form and Romantic Provocation
Authors: Mathes Carmen Faye
Published: May 2023

Critics have long understood the development of Romantic aesthetics as a turning point in the history of literary theory, a turn that is responsible for theories of mind and body that continue to inform our understandings of subjectivity and embodiment today. Yet the question of what aesthetic experience can "do" grates against the fact that much Romantic writing represents subjects as not actually in charge of the feelings they feel, the dreams they dream, or the actions they take. In response to this dilemma, Poetic Form and Romantic Provocation argues that being moved contrary to one's will is itself an aesthetic phenomenon explored by Romantic poets whose experiments with poetic form and genre provoke unanticipated feelings through verse. By analyzing how Romantic poets intervene, affectively and aesthetically, in readerly expectations of form and genre, Mathes shows how provocations disrupt and invite, disturb and compel—interrupting or suspending or retreating in ways that ask readers to orient themselves, materially and socially, in relation to literary experiences that are at once virtual and embodied. Examining the formal tactics of Charlotte Smith, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, and Percy Bysshe Shelley, alongside their reactions to historical events such as Toussaint Louverture's revolt and the Peterloo Massacre, Mathes reveals that an aesthetics of radical openness is central to the development of literary theory and criticism in Romantic Britain.
Provocation’s Means
Authors: Mathes Carmen Faye
Published: May 2023

Situating my overarching inquiry with respect to current critical conversations about Romantic aesthetics, affect theory and the ethical work of poetry, the Introduction engages with the “affective turn” and its development in literary studies over the last two decades. It traces scholars’ renewed attention to the influence of Benedict de Spinoza on Romantic thought; provides an explanation of some basic tenets of Spinoza’s philosophy, as well as a more specific discussion his idea of pity as a negative affect; and describes how the book will trace Romantic formal and generic provocations.
Hope Against Hope in Charlotte Smith’s Elegiac Sonnets
Authors: Mathes Carmen Faye
Published: May 2023

This chapter focuses on the continually revised and expanded collection of innovative irregular sonnets that made Charlotte Smith famous in the late eighteenth century. It traces her evolving use of metrical and syntactical strenuousness, a kind of hedging laboriousness, in poems that express hope-against-hope only to turn (sometimes twice—by virtue of two voltas) against even that tenuous optimism. With this move towards hope against hope, Smith refuses those who would rely on sympathy, an impersonal affect, to motivate moral actions on behalf of those who suffer.
Wahhabism in Context
Authors: Bishara Azmi
Published: May 2023

This chapter discusses Wahhabism and its evolution. It argues that Wahhabis did not go back to the past in search of a reconciliation of religion and modernity. Rather, they returned to an imagined past in order to restore it. Wahhabism shows that when a Salafi-type religious movement is transformed into an establishment supported by the state, it will generate into a dissident Salafism motivated by many factors. The chapter further highlights the vast difference between Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, who viewed obedience to the ruler as a pillar of organized Islamic society; and "modern" salafi-jihadists, who declare the ruler an infidel and permit revolt against him. The chapter also examines the way Wahhabism’s cooptation by the Saudi state had led to the rise of dissident Salafism that has fed the violent groups.
Feminine Singularity
Authors: Chatterjee Ronjaunee
Published: May 2023

What happens if we read nineteenth-century and Victorian texts not for the autonomous liberal subject, but for singularity—for what is partial, contingent, and in relation, rather than what is merely "alone?" Feminine Singularity offers a powerful feminist theory of the subject—and shows us paths to thinking subjectivity, race, and gender anew in literature and in our wider social world.
Through fresh, sophisticated readings of Lewis Carroll, Christina Rossetti, Charles Baudelaire, and Wilkie Collins in conversation with psychoanalysis, Black feminist and queer-of-color theory, and Continental philosophy, Ronjaunee Chatterjee uncovers a lexicon of feminine singularity that manifests across poetry and prose through likeness and minimal difference, rather than individuality and identity. Reading for singularity shows us the ways femininity is fundamentally entangled with racial difference in the nineteenth century and well into the contemporary, as well as how rigid categories can be unsettled and upended.
Grappling with the ongoing violence embedded in the Western liberal imaginary, Feminine Singularity invites readers to commune with the subversive potentials in nineteenth-century literature for thinking subjectivity today.
Lewis Carroll’s Alice Books and the Ones and Twos of Femininity
Authors: Chatterjee Ronjaunee
Published: May 2023

This chapter explores the representation of girlhood and the act of counting in Lewis Carroll’s Alice stories (1865, 1871). Throughout both books, Alice persistently asks, “Who am I?” She attempts to answer the question through a basic mathematical procedure of enumeration. Counting allows Alice to recalibrate conventional ways of thinking difference and sameness. Her question asks about femininity rather than identity. I further contextualize Alice’s question within wider shifts toward statistical aggregation in the nineteenth century evidenced by two other texts, William Wordsworth’s “We Are Seven” (1798) and John Ruskin’s The Ethics of Dust (1865). Through counting, Alice demonstrates a logic of gender as merely emergent and, therefore, as potentially open and multiple.
Precarious Lives
Authors: Chatterjee Ronjaunee
Published: May 2023

This chapter engages Christina Rossetti’s prose and poetry to theorize a model of minimal difference. In Rossetti’s work, likeness—specifically in the form of sisterhood rather than binary difference grounded in the form of the heterosexual couple—shapes lyric individuation. Rossetti’s short fiction and poetry, from her earliest work in Goblin Market and Other Poems to her collection of children’s stories in Speaking Likenesses, bear out an interest in a “one” or a singular subject who lies outside of normative understandings of difference and kinship. This paradoxical mode of conceiving a feminine self largely out of the vexed psychic realm of similarity recalls the work of two scholars in particular: Sianne Ngai, who theorizes envy as a potentially enabling affect for representing feminist collectivity, and Maggie Nelson, in her book-length experimental poem Jane: A Murder (2005).
A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Martel Stéphanie
Published: May 2023

This chapter situates the puzzle of ASEAN’s resilience within the study of security communities and International Relations in Southeast Asia and beyond and discusses the value of a discourse-based approach. ASEAN has not only survived many accounts of its demise but has formally established its security community without having fulfilled its self-defined criteria for doing so. This paradox remains the focus of unresolved debate within Asia-Pacific IR, but it also provides an ideal opportunity to improve our understanding of how discourse brings security communities into being. This task requires more serious attention being paid to how security community–building, especially in the twenty-first century, is an inherently polysemic, omnidirectional, and contested enterprise.
“It’s Alive!”
Authors: Martel Stéphanie
Published: May 2023

This chapter develops a discourse-based and practitioner-near theoretical framework for the study of security communities. It draws from, combines, and extends various strands of cutting-edge IR scholarship—practice theory, ontological security literature, and critical security studies to emphasize how the discursive construction of danger(s) is what makes a security community come alive. This framework allows for a better understanding of the role of polysemy and contestation in security community–building in the twenty-first century. The chapter discusses key methodological choices that inform a discourse-based approach to International Relations.
The Bogeymen Are Coming
Authors: Martel Stéphanie
Published: May 2023

This chapter traces how transnational crime was gradually re-framed as an increasingly dangerous and elusive set of security threats, and came to form the core of ASEAN’s “non-traditional security” (NTS) agenda. While NTS appears like a very consensual focus of regional security cooperation at first glance, there is not much agreement on what it consists of, or the best way to handle the ever-present but often intangible threats this concept refers to. The chapter also shows how the constructive ambiguity that informs ASEAN’s focus on transnational crime and its expansion to others matters pertaining to “non-traditional security” allows the organization to claim added value in the pursuit of security in the region, including through aspirational—and highly unrealistic—initiatives (e.g., a Drug-Free ASEAN by 2025), despite a limited ability to produce concrete results.
Interoperable Metadata and Failing toward the Future
Authors: Whearty Bridget
Published: May 2023

Chapter 4 explores descriptive metadata, data curation, and experiments at manuscript interoperability, drawing on my experiences as a postdoctoral fellow in data curation working on the now-shuttered digital manuscripts project DMS-Index. Case studies here are data sets created by The Digital Walters by the Walters Art Museum; Parker on the Web by Corpus Christi College Cambridge, Cambridge University, and Stanford University Libraries; and e-codices, the Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland. This chapter shows how the formal qualities of each metadata set, as well as the metadata schemata each repository used, determine the future of manuscript reuse; and how metadata and reuse are always shaped by a vast community of unseen bookmakers who are collectively deciding the digital futures of medieval books. It concludes by exploring the different time scales in academic departments and in libraries and museums in which digital projects’ successes and failures are assessed.
Against the Uprooted Word
Authors: Wolff Tristram
Published: May 2023

In this revisionist account of romantic-era poetry and language philosophy, Tristram Wolff recovers vibrant ways of thinking language and nature together.
Wolff argues that well-known writers including Phillis Wheatley Peters, William Blake, William Wordsworth, and Henry David Thoreau offer a radical chronopolitics in reaction to the “uprooted word,” or the formal analytic used to classify languages in progressive time according to a primitivist timeline of history and a hierarchy of civilization. Before the bad naturalisms of nineteenth-century race science could harden language into place as a metric of social difference, poets and thinkers try to soften, thicken, deepen, and dissolve it. This naturalizing tendency makes language more difficult to uproot from its active formation in the lives of its speakers. And its “gray romanticism” simultaneously gives language different kinds of time—most strikingly, the deep time of geologic form—to forestall the hardening of time into progress.
Reorienting romantic studies to consider colonialism's pervasive effects on theories of language origin, Wolff shows us the ambivalent position of romantics in this history. His reparative reading makes visible language's ability to reimagine social forms.
Introduction
Authors: Wolff Tristram
Published: May 2023

The book’s introduction redefines the widely hailed romantic desire to change how we perceive where nature ends and the human begins, in linguistic terms. It flags the book’s key interventions, arguing that we should recognize a transatlantic poetics over the “romantic century” (1750–1850) that tries to dismantle linguistic form with natural images, in order to diversify historical time. In its temporal imagination, this romantic tendency both challenges Eurocentrism, and contributes to the “roots” of nineteenth-century philology and racial science. The introduction argues that we still have much to learn by returning to the romantic-era writers who reorganized language and social life using images of durability, vulnerability, and revolution borrowed from the natural world. The introduction closes with a chapter overview for the rest of the book.
Conclusion
Authors: Wolff Tristram
Published: May 2023

The conclusion offers a glimpse of romanticism’s afterlives in language study, following the romantic century. It addresses some of the forgotten ironies in the gradual turn away from a bluntly racializing organicism, which had already been censured as a suspect romanticism by earlier antiracist linguists. Discussing a handful of white antiracist linguists—Whitney, Saussure, Boas, Sapir—it reads a reference to Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin as an ironic demonstration of the enduring power of literary language to shape racial time. It then returns to linguist and literary scholar Lorenzo Turner, whose fieldwork on the creole Gullah from the 1920s to the 1940s treated seriously the elasticity and mobility of linguistic phenomena resulting from the forced migration of speakers of African languages overlapping with the romantic century, pointing toward other, submerged romanticisms.
German Jews in Love
Authors: Bailey Christian
Published: May 2023

The book explores the dynamic role of love in German-Jewish lives from the 1870s, when civil marriages were first permitted, to the 1960s and the high point of the sexual revolution. During a remarkably turbulent hundred-year period when German Jews experienced five political regimes, rapid urbanization, transformations in gender relations, and war and genocide, romantic love and ideals played an important role in legitimizing new kinds of marriages and facilitating mobility, including social mobility, for German (and other European) Jews who moved to unfamiliar, often urban, locales during this period. In addition, appeals to romantic love were significant in justifying unions between Jews and non-Jews, even when those unions would create conflict within and between communities. While the memory of such love relationships has been overshadowed by the legacy of the Holocaust, these relationships reveal an aspect of acculturation that has been overlooked: how deeply cultural scripts worked their way into even the most intimate and seemingly pre-political aspects of German-Jewish subjectivity.
“They Stuck Together like Iron Ore”
Authors: Bailey Christian
Published: May 2023

This chapter examines how Jewish and mixed couples were affected by the National Socialist transformation of German society. One of the major arguments is that a striking number of these loving partnerships endured, despite the persecution these couples suffered. Indeed, these relationships were often cherished as emotional refuges, perhaps more than ever, even though unsettling gender role reversals often took place in them. In this regard, many couples were adapting preexisting ideals of loving marriages and family life. Once individuals and couples were sent to ghettos and death camps, it became harder to hold on to memories and values from happier times. Many couples still tried, although growing numbers were influenced by Zionism and imagined their loving relationships not only providing compensation for suffering but also helping them and fellow Jews to achieve a new form of collective self-love.
A Golden Cage?
Authors: Bailey Christian
Published: May 2023

This chapter addresses the predicament of Jews living in West Germany after the Shoah. Many were displaced persons. The chapter focuses on these survivors, for whom romantic love was no longer a redemptive force in German life. For them, love between partners would instead be both cause and effect of a new loving Jewish collective that would carve out a shared life primarily in the United States and what would become Israel. The chapter moves on to discuss those Jewish families who stayed in or moved to West Germany. It compares Eastern European Jewish and German Jewish families’ understandings and experiences of love, focusing particularly on the struggles of the next generation. Sons and daughters often felt pulled in different directions between mistrustful parents and German contemporaries, among whom they would most likely find their future partners. For these young Jews, satisfying romantic scripts often proved out of reach.
Conclusion
Authors: Bailey Christian
Published: May 2023

The conclusion takes an experimental approach. It begins with two idiosyncratic personal accounts that invite reflection on how this study has used individual life histories to construct a composite image of Jewish love relationships. It reflects on the reciprocal relationship between emotions and the stories individuals construct around them. The chapter concludes by considering how open the field of German Jewish history now appears and how this book can contribute to ongoing discussions.
Round Robins and Founding Violence
Authors: Greiman Jennifer
Published: May 2023

If democracy is green in Typee and Pierre, in the oceanic novels that culminate with Moby-Dick, it is decidedly round. Chapter 3 finds the first iteration of Melville’s democratic circle in the Round Robin mutiny from his second novel, Omoo. Referring both to revolutionary debates between Abbé Sieyès and Thomas Paine over the “vicious circle” of the people’s self-constitution and the tradition of pirate democracy in the early decades of the eighteenth century, the Round Robin establishes an aesthetic form for those transient collectives that emerge and transform across Melville’s early works. Ultimately, this chapter shows how Melville’s collective circles imagine new democratic sovereignties that offer fragile but recurrent alternatives to founding violence and sovereign exception.
Circles and Sovereignty
Authors: Greiman Jennifer
Published: May 2023

Chapter 4 argues that Melville’s circular figures of democratic sovereignty rival Alexis de Tocqueville’s analysis of the people as a great sphere, “the cause and the end of all things.” Both Tocqueville and Melville use circles to stage the paradox of democratic sovereignty-namely, its recourse to a tautology that identifies the people as both origins and ends of power. But even as Tocqueville and Melville recognize the possibilities for the perversion and destruction of democracy in such circles, both also identify circles with the art of collective action. For Tocqueville, this art appears in the local politics of townships, while Melville finds the fullest expression of this artful circle in a giant pod of whales, the fullest realization of a democratic community in all of his work. With this image of radical “cetocracy,” Moby-Dick figures forth a sovereignty that is aesthetic, egalitarian, collective—and nonhuman.
Gravity, Slavery, and Political Prophecy
Authors: Greiman Jennifer
Published: May 2023

Examining Melville’s writing just before and during the Civil War, chapter 5 argues that Melville begins grappling with an understanding of democracy as the practice of politics without ground. In the context of the Fugitive Slave Law, John Brown’s raid, and the Civil War, “gravity” becomes crucial to both Melville and Frederick Douglass as a figure for political inevitability and necessity. However, it also introduces contingencies for political actions and actors that cannot be prophesied. In the final story of The Piazza Tales and throughout the poems of Battle Pieces, gravity becomes both a mood and motive force, as tropes of falls, landslides, and floods keep sweeping away all foundations leaving only a sensation of misgivings that counters the determinate desires of prophetic politics. This suspension of determinate political affect—neither optimism nor pessimism, neither idealism nor cynicism—becomes characteristic of Melville’s later writings.
Unplanted to the Last
Authors: Greiman Jennifer
Published: May 2023

Critics have long held that Melville lost faith in democracy after the Civil War, but chapter 6 argues that his later writings instead reveal both a continuity and an evolution in Melville’s thinking about the ontology and aesthetics of democracy. This chapter proposes three endings to the book: one by way of Melville’s difference from Whitman’s liberal vision of a poetics that will plant democracy “thick as trees” across the continent, one by way of the “groundless” aesthetics of Clarel, and one by way of the figurative arrangement of colors and shapes that appear as the protagonist of Billy Budd falls into the sea upon his execution. In each of these, Melville’s work continues to insist that democracy lies not in a founded people, past, or state, but in the lived fact of equality and the demand for creative, ongoing action to secure it amid perpetual, unpredictable change.
Intervention by International Organizations
Authors: Margulis Matias E.
Published: May 2023

This chapter develops the concept of intervention by IOs and situates the book’s contribution to the study of regime complexes and theories of IOs as actors. I provide an expanded definition of IO intervention and specify the conditions under which IOs are most likely to intervene at an overlapping organization. I explain each of the four intervention strategies (mobilizing states, public shaming, invoking alternative legal frameworks, and taking sides) that are subsequently analyzed in the empirical chapters. I detail how the impacts of intervention by IOs are evaluated in this study by assessing their influence on the discourse, agenda, and outcomes of decision-making at the targeted IO.
The OHCHR Invokes Human Rights at the WTO
Authors: Margulis Matias E.
Published: May 2023

This chapter analyzes how the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) invoked international human rights law in an effort to alter global trade rulemaking in the WTO Doha Round. OHCHR officials were concerned that WTO rules were inadequate to protect the human rights of vulnerable populations from the potential adverse effects of agricultural trade liberalization. Although WTO members preferred to keep discussions of human rights out of the negotiations, the OHCHR sought to steer global trade rules toward greater alignment with international human rights standards. In doing so, the OHCHR took extraordinary and unconventional political action, including making unsolicited proposals directly to trade ministers and creating uncertainty about the consistency of WTO rules with international human rights law. I show that the OHCHR’s intervention contributed to the creation of new draft WTO rules to protect food security, incorporating safeguards for vulnerable groups.
Host associations of the snake tick Amblyomma cordiferum Neumann, 1899 (Ixodida: Ixodidae), with new host records from Taiwan
Authors: Amarga Ace Kevin S. , Lin Wen-Loung , Fu Yu-Syuan , Fang Wei-Hsuan , Robbins Richard G. , Lin Si-Min
Published: May 2023

The ixodid tick Amblyomma cordiferum Neumann, 1899 is an uncommonly collected Old World reptile-associated species that is primarily ectoparasitic on snakes. This tick is known from Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Samoa. In Taiwan, A. cordiferum has previously been reported on Elaphe carinata (Günther), Elaphe taeniura (Cope), and Ptyas mucosa (Linnaeus). In this paper, we examined a total of 246 specimens of A. cordiferum from recent and old collections. Here we report new Taiwan records of A. cordiferum parasitizing the Chinese cobra, Naja atra Cantor, many-banded krait, Bungarus multicinctus Blyth, and yellow-spotted keelback, Fowlea flavipunctatus (Hallowell). This is also the first report of A. cordiferum parasitizing members of the venomous family Elapidae in Taiwan, as well as the first report of A. cordiferum parasitizing a member of the colubrid genus Fowlea Theobald. An updated host-parasite list summarizes all known hosts of A. cordiferum throughout this tick’s geographic range.