bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Important Part of Me: A Dialogue About Difference
Authors: Lico Sofia , Luttrell Wendy
Published: May 2015

This article is an experiment in writing about and across differences; it seeks to open up dialogue between adults and young people in childhood and youth studies research. The coauthors, Sofia1 and Wendy, met through Wendy's longitudinal research project, which explores the roles that gender, race, and immigrant status play in how young people represent themselves and their social worlds. In this article, Sofia and Wendy exchange their understandings of Sofia's immigration experiences, and how her identity has changed from age ten to fifteen as she has navigated her bicultural and bilingual worlds.
Changing Our Landscape of Inquiry for a New Science of Education
Authors: Thomas Gary
Published: May 2015

In this essay, Gary Thomas argues that education research repeatedly makes a mistake first noted by Dewey: it misunderstands our science. This misunderstanding has led to attempts to import various putatively scientific precepts into education inquiry. But in reality, he argues, those “scientific” precepts do not characterize scientific endeavor, which is fluid and plural: science flexes to any angle to answer the questions that are posed in any field. Questions in education concern worlds of practice and social relations where change and corrigibility draw the parameters for inquiry. Education research becomes valuable only when it takes account of the reality of the educational endeavor. Thomas urges us to strive to forge a new science of education based on singular and shared understandings of such practice.
Contextual Influences on Inquiries into Effective Teaching and Their Implications for Improving Student Learning
Authors: Bryk Anthony , Harding Heather , Greenberg Sharon
Published: May 2015

In this article, Anthony Bryk, Heather Harding, and Sharon Greenberg report on a roundtable jointly sponsored by Teach For America and the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. The authors brought together a group of scholars and practitioners with a broad range of perspectives and asked them to explore several questions related to the emerging national narrative on effective teachers: What is an effective teacher? How do we leverage this moment of enormous energy in producing more effective teaching to advance meaningful improvements at scale? Where are the current sites of success? What can we learn from what is working? The article is organized around the edited transcript of the roundtable discussion and is supplemented by author commentaries. The authors seek to illuminate and reimagine the current “nonsystem” in order to accelerate progress toward a wholly new approach to developing the teaching force our nation and our children need.
Refocusing the Debate: Assessing the Purposes and Tools of Teacher Evaluation
Authors: Papay John
Published: May 2015

In this article, John Papay argues that teacher evaluation tools should be assessed not only on their ability to measure teacher performance accurately, but also on how well they inform and support ongoing teacher development. He looks at two major approaches to teacher evaluation reform: value-added measures and standards-based evaluations. Papay analyzes these two approaches both as measurement tools and as professional development tools, illuminating the advantages, drawbacks, and untapped potential of each. In the process, attention is refocused towards a broader conception of the purpose of teacher evaluation.
Critical Bifocality and Circuits of Privilege: Expanding Critical Ethnographic Theory and Design
Authors: Weis Lois , Fine Michelle
Published: May 2015

In this article, Lois Weis and Michelle Fine introduce critical bifocality as a way to render visible the relations between groups to structures of power, to social policies, to history, and to large sociopolitical formations. In this collaboration, the authors draw upon ethnographic examples highlighting the macro-level structural dynamics related to globalization and neoliberalism. The authors focus on the ways in which broad-based economic and social contexts set the stage for day-to-day actions and decisions among privileged and nonprivileged parents and students in relation to schooling. Weis and Fine suggest that critical bifocality enables us to consider how researchers might account empirically for global, national, and local transformations as insinuated, embodied, and resisted by youth and adults trying to make sense of current educational and economic possibilities in massively shifting contexts.
The Illusion of Inclusion: A Critical Race Theory Textual Analysis of Race and Standards
Authors: Vasquez Heilig Julian , Brown Keffrelyn , Brown Anthony
Published: May 2015

In this article, Julian Vasquez Heilig, Keffrelyn Brown, and Anthony Brown offer findings from a close textual analysis of how the Texas social studies standards address race, racism, and communities of color. Using the lens of critical race theory, the authors uncover the sometimes subtle ways that the standards can appear to adequately address race while at the same time marginalizing it—the “illusion of inclusion.” Their study offers insight into the mechanisms of marginalization in standards and a model of how to closely analyze such standards, which, the authors argue, is increasingly important as the standards and accountability movements continue to grow in influence.
Transforming Teaching and Learning Through Social Movement in Mexican Public Middle Schools
Authors: Rincón-Gallardo Santiago , Elmore Richard
Published: May 2015

This article by Santiago Rincón-Gallardo and Richard F. Elmore explores the question of how and under what conditions a countercultural educational practice can be brought to scale as a reform initiative. Highlighting the evolution of the Learning Community Project (LCP) in Mexico, the authors present a practice that runs counter to the traditional culture and power relations of schooling. The authors examine how the LCP succeeded in expanding to hundreds of schools and was recently adopted as part of a national strategy to transform teaching and learning in nine thousand schools across Mexico. The authors connect knowledge on bringing instructional improvement to scale with social movement theory to advance the idea of educational change as a social movement. Rincón-Gallardo and Elmore explore the implications of the work of the LCP for theory, practice, and policy—calling for an alternative approach that challenges the traditional top-down view of educational practice and policy, and instead conceptualizes the teacher-student and policy-practice pairs as dialectical and horizontal relationships of mutual influence.
Rules of the Culture and Personal Needs: Witnesses' Decision-Making Processes to Deal with Situations of Bullying in Middle School
Authors: Ferráns Silvia Diazgranados , Selman Robert , Feigenberg Luba Falk
Published: May 2015

This article explores the decision-making processes by which early adolescents choose a strategy to upstand, bystand, or join the perpetrators when they witness situations of physical and relational bullying in their schools. Authors Silvia Diazgranados Ferráns, Robert L. Selman, and Luba Falk Feigenberg analyze data from twenty-three interviews conducted with eighth graders in four middle schools using a grounded theory approach and propose an emerging theoretical framework to guide future research on bullying. Their framework includes a multilevel model that identifies nested sources of influence on students' responses to bullying and a decision-making tree that hypothesizes different choice paths that student witnesses’ decision-making processes might follow in situations of bullying as predicted by the students’ positions along a set of “key social-relational indices.” Finally, the authors connect their findings with current debates in the field of moral decision making and discuss the implications for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers.
Thriving in Our Identity and in the Academy: Latina Epistemology as a Core Resource
Authors: Castillo-Montoya Milagros , Torres-Guzmán María
Published: May 2015

In this article, Milagros Castillo-Montoya and María Torres-Guzmán, two intergenerational Puerto Rican female scholars, use testimonios as a method for sharing funds of knowledge that may support and encourage emerging scholars’ efforts to critique, create, and expand on current educational theories, methods, and pedagogies. They draw on Chicana feminist epistemology to analyze their six-month charlas, informal conversations. They view their own Puerto Rican experiences from this lens and, in an effort to develop a Latina Epistemology Framework, expand the existing framework through a new dimension they refer to as lucha. They also put forth a model of research that furthers the use of testimonios as a mode of inquiry and as a process that may lead to mentorship in the academy for first-generation scholars.
A Chicana Feminist Epistemology Revisited: Cultivating Ideas a Generation Later
Authors: Calderón Dolores , Bernal Dolores Delgado , Huber Lindsay Pérez , Malagón María , Vélez Verónica Nelly
Published: May 2015

this article, the authors simultaneously examine how education scholars have taken up the call for (re)articulating Chicana feminist epistemological perspectives in their research and speak back to Dolores Delgado Bernal's 1998 Harvard Educational Review article, “Using a Chicana Feminist Epistemology in Educational Research.” They address the ways in which Chicana scholars draw on their ways of knowing to unsettle dominant modes of analysis, create decolonizing methodologies, and build upon what it means to utilize Chicana feminist epistemology in educational research. Moreover, they demonstrate how such work provides new narratives that embody alternative paradigms in education research. These alternative paradigms are aligned with the scholarship of Gloria Anzaldúa, especially her theoretical concepts of nepantla, El Mundo Zurdo, and Coyolxauhqui. Finally, the authors offer researcher reflections that further explore the tensions and possibilities inherent in employing Chicana feminist epistemologies in educational research.
Universal Design for Learning and the Arts
Authors: Glass Don , Meyer Anne , Rose David
Published: May 2015

In this article, Don Glass, Anne Meyer, and David H. Rose examine the intersection of arts education and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) to inform the design of better art, curricula, and UDL checkpoints. They build a case for the contribution of the arts to expert learning across the affective, recognition, and strategic neural networks and argue for making affective and reflective learning outcomes more explicit in the arts. Throughout this piece, the authors call for a vision of the arts playing an increasing role in providing engaging learning options in an integrated general curriculum.
Why the Arts Don't Do Anything: Toward a New Vision for Cultural Production in Education
Authors: Gaztambide-Fernández Rubén
Published: May 2015

In this essay Rubén A. Gaztambide-Fernández uses a discursive approach to argue that mainstream arts in education scholarship and advocacy construes “the arts” as a definable naturalistic phenomenon that exists in the world and is available to be observed and measured. In the course of his analysis, he examines how this construction is employed through what he calls the rhetoric of effects as part of the mainstream discourses used in arts in education research today. He describes how this positivistic rhetoric masks the complexity of those practices and processes associated with the arts, limiting the possibilities for productively employing such practices in education. In addition, he explores how discourses of the arts both arise out of and continually reify hierarchical conceptions of artistic practices in education and broader society. He concludes by proposing an alternative rhetoric of cultural production, arguing that moving toward this new way of understanding practices and processes of symbolic creativity is critical for expanding our vision for the arts in education.
Expanding Our “Frames” of Mind for Education and the Arts
Authors: Groff Jennifer
Published: May 2015

In this article, Jennifer Groff explores the role of the arts in education through the lens of current research in cognitive neuroscience and the impact of technology in today's digital world. She explains that although arts education has largely used multiple intelligences theory to substantiate its presence in classrooms and schools, this relationship has ultimately hindered the field of arts education's understanding of the relationship between the arts, human development, and learning. Emerging research on the brain's cognitive processing systems has led Groff to put forth a new theory of mind, whole-mindedness. Here she presents the evidence and construct for this frame of mind, how it sits in relation to multiple intelligences theory, and how it might redefine the justification for arts education in schools, particularly in our digitally and visually rich world.
Simple Minds
Authors: Kelleher John
Published: May 2015

When our daughter was born, it seemed a forgone conclusion that she would be an artist of some sort. Her mother and I, both formally trained in the arts, would inevitably guide her down an artistic path with no return. When she was born, I was teaching art and art history to college students. It was decided that I would pause my teaching career and stay at home full time with her until she reached school age. In effect, I would be her teacher.
We're Still Here: Community-Based Art, the Scene of Education, and the Formation of Scene
Authors: Kim Charles , Miyamoto Nobuko
Published: May 2015

In this cross-generational dialogue, authors Charles Kim and Nobuko Miyamoto engage in a creative exploration of community-based art, contemporary Asian American identity, and the possibilities of creativity within educational spaces. Using the ideas of John Dewey as a foundation, Kim and Miyamoto offer their dialogues, experiences, and analyses as a window into the processes of creating, making an argument for the need for education to return to the context of communities, and sharing a hope that art will “reclaim its place in the everyday lives of ordinary people.”
The Importance of Still Teaching the iGeneration: New Technologies and the Centrality of Pedagogy
Authors: Philip Thomas , Garcia Antero
Published: May 2015

In this essay, Philip and Garcia argue that visions of mobile devices in the classroom often draw on assumptions about the inherent interests youth have in these devices, the capability of these interests to transfer from out-of-school contexts to the classroom, and the capacity for these new technologies to equalize the educational playing field. These overly optimistic portrayals minimize the pivotal value of effective teaching and are implicitly or explicitly coupled with political agendas that attempt to increasingly control and regiment the work of teachers. Through discussing student interest and issues of educational technology in urban schools and highlighting the affordances and limitations of the texts, tools, and talk that teachers might facilitate with these devices, the authors offer a teacher-focused perspective that is sorely missing in the contemporary debates about using mobile technologies in schools.
McIntosh as Synecdoche: How Teacher Education's Focus on White Privilege Undermines Antiracism
Authors: Lensmire Timothy , McManimon Shannon , Tierney Jessica Dockter , Lee-Nichols Mary , Casey Zachary , Lensmire Audrey , Davis Bryan
Published: May 2015

In this article, members of the Midwest Critical Whiteness Collective argue that Peggy McIntosh's seminal “knapsack” article acts as a synecdoche, or as a stand-in, for all the antiracist work to be done in teacher education and that this limits our understanding and possibilities for action. The authors develop this argument by questioning the lack of critique of McIntosh's 1988 classic “invisible knapsack” article and sharing two narratives by members of their collective that illustrate problems with both the acceptance and the rejection of McIntosh's conception of white privilege. This discussion illuminates how white privilege pedagogy demands confession and how confession is a dead end for antiracist action. The authors also explore how McIntosh's ideas can lead to dangerous misreadings of student resistance. Acknowledging the initial fruitfulness of McIntosh's ideas, it is time for us to move to more complex treatments of working with white people on questions of race, white supremacy, and antiracism.
Dirt on My Record: Rethinking Disciplinary Practices in an All-Black, All-Male Alternative Class
Authors: Nasir Na'Ilah Suad , Ross Kihana Miraya , Mckinney de Royston Maxine , Givens Jarvis , Bryant Jalessa
Published: May 2015

In this empirical study, the authors draw on classroom observations and interviews with twenty-three Black male ninth graders in an urban district to focus on the nature of disciplinary practices in an all-Black, all-male manhood development class. While scholars have identified the “discipline gap” as a salient aspect of the experience of Black male students in schools, few studies offer insight into the nature of disciplinary practices in spaces that Black male students view as supportive and positive. Existing studies also rarely capture African American male student perceptions of classroom and school discipline at the high school level. Utilizing Althusser (1971) and Leonardo (2005) to theorize about the racialized nature of discipline in schools, the authors find that a reframing of discipline within this alternative setting provides a counternarrative to how Black male students are typically perceived to respond to school discipline. The authors argue that, led by a “hero teacher,” the manhood development class functions as an example of “transformative resistance” (Giroux, 2001), changing how Black male students perceive themselves.
Pathways to College for Young Black Scholars: A Community Cultural Wealth Perspective
Authors: Jayakumar Uma , Vue Rican , Allen Walter
Published: May 2015

In this article, Uma Jayakumar, Rican Vue, and Walter Allen present their study of Young Black Scholars (YBS), a community-initiated college preparatory program in Los Angeles. Through in-depth interviews and surveys with twenty-five middle- and higher-income Black college students, they document the positive role of community in facilitating college access. The authors show that students’ perceptions of YBS's support of their college aspirations are qualitatively different than perceptions of their schools’ support. The authors theorize that YBS participants embrace college-going as an act of resistance to deficit-based narratives regarding the racial achievement gap and social reproduction. By drawing on students’ experiences, they put forth a new model of a liberatory college-going process for students of color that leverages community cultural wealth and promotes transformative resistance.
How Do You Say Twos in Spanish, If Two Is Dos? Language as Means and Object in a Bilingual Kindergarten Classroom
Authors: Mulvihill Naomi
Published: May 2015

In this essay Naomi Mulvihill uses vignettes from her bilingual kindergarten classroom to explore the dynamic processes by which young children make sense of language, focusing on instances in which she asks her students to compare texts presented in English and Spanish. Using Piaget's concept of disequilibrium as a guiding framework, Mulvihill details the questions children ask and the ideas they ponder when faced with unexpected language puzzles. By privileging her students’ voices, she illustrates the tensions, confusions, and insights children experience as they navigate the complexity of language acquisition and literacy instruction in two languages. She suggests that it is through the exploration of these tensions that her students—and all learners—come to new understandings about language and the world around them.
To Charter or Not to Charter: What Questions Should We Ask, and What Will the Answers Tell Us?
Authors: Brighouse Harry , Schouten Gina
Published: May 2015

In this essay, Harry Brighouse and Gina Schouten outline four standards for judging whether to support the chartering of a new school within a given jurisdiction. The authors pose the following questions to a hypothetical school board member: Will the school increase equality of opportunity? Will it benefit the least-advantaged students in the jurisdiction? Will it improve the preparation of democratically competent citizens? Will it improve the quality of the daily, lived experience of the students? Brighouse and Schouten suggest that most of the evidence concerning charter school performance focuses on just the students within the schools, without addressing a charter school's effect on students who do not attend. They argue that a full evaluation requires both kinds of evidence and that these questions are the four standards that should guide both the decision maker and researchers gathering evidence on the effects of charter schools.
Tacit Information Literacies in Beginning College Students: Research Pedagogy in Geography
Authors: Bauch Nicholas , Sheldon Christina
Published: May 2015

Whereas instruction on how to conduct original research can build on beginning college students' tacit information literacies, the explicit articulation of existing processes for information gathering is rarely elicited by instructors prior to students' submission of a final research paper. In this essay, authors Nicholas Bauch and Christina Sheldon introduce surf maps and concept ladders as potential assignments to guide beginning college students in producing original scholarship in their Cultural Geography course. They find that these tools help novice researchers realize their information-seeking patterns and skills as well as potential gaps in their current practices. For students, a key outcome of harnessing their tacit information literacies is that it offers broader disciplinary relevance to their research projects, introducing them to the complexities of making claims and, most generally, the production of knowledge. For educators, identifying students' tacit information-seeking skills and shortcomings helps in the creation of assignments that further advance students' research skills.
Electronic Textiles as Disruptive Designs: Supporting and Challenging Maker Activities in Schools
Authors: Kafai Yasmin , Fields Deborah , Searle Kristin
Published: May 2015

Electronic textiles are a part of the increasingly popular maker movement that champions existing do-it-yourself activities. As making activities broaden from Maker Faires and fabrication spaces in children's museums, science centers, and community organizations to school classrooms, they provide new opportunities for learning while challenging many current conventions of schooling. In this article, authors Yasmin Kafai, Deborah Fields, and Kristin Searle consider one disruptive area of making: electronic textiles. The authors examine high school students’ experiences making e-textile designs across three workshops that took place over the course of a school year and discuss individual students’ experiences making e-textiles in the context of broader findings regarding themes of transparency, aesthetics, and gender. They also examine the role of e-textiles as both an opportunity for, and challenge in, breaking down traditional barriers to computing.
Learning in the Making: A Comparative Case Study of Three Makerspaces
Authors: Sheridan Kimberly , Halverson Erica Rosenfeld , Litts Breanne , Brahms Lisa , Jacobs-Priebe Lynette , Owens Trevor
Published: May 2015

Through a comparative case study, Sheridan and colleagues explore how makerspaces may function as learning environments. Drawing on field observations, interviews, and analysis of artifacts, videos, and other documents, the authors describe features of three makerspaces and how participants learn and develop through complex design and making practices. They describe how the makerspaces help individuals identify problems, build models, learn and apply skills, revise ideas, and share new knowledge with others. The authors conclude with a discussion of the implications of their findings for this emergent field.
Lead Policy and Academic Performance: Insights from Massachusetts
Authors: Reyes Jessica Wolpaw
Published: May 2015

In this article, Jessica Wolpaw Reyes investigates the link between lead exposure and student achievement in Massachusetts. Childhood exposure to even low levels of lead can adversely affect neurodevelopment, behavior, and cognitive performance. Using a panel dataset of cohorts of children born in the 1990s who were third and fourth graders in the 2000s, Reyes finds that elevated blood lead levels in early childhood adversely impact performance on later standardized tests. Accordingly, the Massachusetts state policy to reduce lead levels effectively lowered the share of children scoring unsatisfactory on standardized tests by 1-2 percentage points. Reyes shows that public health policy targeting lead has clear potential to improve academic performance and urges policy makers to give it serious consideration in this larger context.
Habenaria Repens: Distribuição Espacial e Correlação com Fatores Abióticos de uma Orquídea Emergente Invasora em Fragmento Mesófilo Brasileiro
Authors: Pedroso-de-Moraes Cristiano , Souza-Leal Thiago
Published: May 2015

Habenaria repens é uma exceção entre as Orchidaceae devido à ampla distribuição geográfica e ao hábito emergente. O presente estudo objetivou analisar a distribuição espacial da espécie, além de verificar se há correlação entre imaturos e maturos com os padrões microclimáticos em Fragmento Estacional Semidecidual do Estado de São Paulo. A identificação do padrão de distribuição ocorreu pela alocação de 20 parcelas de 20 x 10 m, posteriormente reduzidas para 10 x 10 m, onde foram calculados o Índice de Morisita (IM) e a Razão Variância/Média (R). Para identificação das correlações utilizou-se o índice de correlação de Spearman (r). Imaturos e maturos apresentaram agregação nas parcelas de 100 m² e 200 m², sendo esta maior para maturos em ambos os casos. O índice de correlação obtido entre imaturos e maturos foi superior a 0.8, indicando dependência entre tais populações. Todos os fatores abióticos analisados mostraram-se importantes para a alocação das plantas ao longo das parcelas, com uma correlação moderada com as abundâncias. Habenaria Repens: Spacial Distribution and Co-relationship with Abiotic Factors of an Invasive Emergent Orchid in a Brazilian Mesophile Fragment Habenaria repens is an exception among Orchidaceae due to its wide distribution and emergent habits. Current analysis investigates the spatial distribution of the species and verifies whether there is a co-relationship between mature and immature by microclimate standards in a Semideciduous Seasional Fragment in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The distribution standard was identified by 20 parcels measuring 20 x 10 m, later reduced to 10 x 10 m, where Morisita Index (MI) and Ratio Variance/Means (R) were calculated. Spearman´s correlation index (r) was employed to identify the correlations. Immature and mature had an aggregation in the 100 m² and 200 m² parcels, the latter being higher for mature ones in the two cases. Correlation index between immature and mature was higher than 0.8 and showed dependence between the populations. All the abiotic factors analyzed were important for plants throughout the parcels, with moderate correlation with abundances. KEYWORDS: Ontogenetic Stages; Orchidaceae; Spatial Standard.
Análise de Horário de Colheitas e Partes da Planta para Extração de Óleo Essencial de Manjericão
Authors: José Jefferson Vieira , Marques Patrícia Angélica Alves , Silva Lívia Previatello da , Francisco João Paulo , Rocha Hermes Soares da
Published: May 2015

Óleos essenciais constituem um dos mais importantes grupos de matérias-primas para a indústria de alimentos, farmacêutica, perfumaria e afins, sendo o rendimento na extração especialmente influenciado por parâmetros edafoclimáticos e fatores agronômicos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se o horário de colheita do Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) tem influência sobre o rendimento da produção do óleo essencial nas diferentes partes da planta. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, situada no município de Piracicaba (SP). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente aleatorizado, contendo as quatro partes da planta de ambos os horários de colheita, com um fatorial 4x2, com três repetições, sendo quatro partes das plantas (folhas, caule herbáceo, caule sublenhoso e inflorescências) e dois horários de colheita: 9h00 e 15h00. O óleo essencial foi extraído por hidrodestilação em aparelho tipo Clevenger modificado por uma hora e trinta minutos. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o horário de colheita influenciou na extração de óleo essencial e as partes da planta de Ocimum basilicum L. que apresentaram o maior teor de óleo essencial foram a inflorescência e as folhas. Analysis of Harvest Time and Plant Parts for the Extraction of Basil Essential Oil Essential oils are an important group of prime matters for food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic industries whose extraction yield is particularly affected by soil-climate parameters and other agronomic factors. Current analysis investigates whether harvest time of Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) affects yield of essential oil in the different segments of the plant. The experiment was conducted in the vegetation house of the Higher Agriculture School “Luiz de Queiroz” in Piracicaba SP Brazil. Experiment was totally randomized with four sections of the plant for two harvest timetables (4x2), with three replications, or rather, four sections of the plant (leaves, herb stem, sub-lignin stem and inflorescences) and two timetables 9h00 and 15h00. Essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus modified for one hour and thirty minutes. Results showed that harvest affect the extraction of essential oil, while leaves and inflorescences were the parts of the plant Ocimum basilicum L. with the highest rate of essential oil. KEYWORDS: hydrodistillation; medicinal herbs; Ocimum basilicum L.
Water Quality of a Stream Subject to the Release of Industrial Effluent in an Environmental Protected Area
Authors: Correia Wagner , Silva Ana Francisca Gomes da , Batista-Silva Valéria Flávia , Bailly Dayani , Ruaro Renata , Helfenstein Aparecido Leandro Zwang
Published: May 2015

This study evaluated the water quality of the Peri-Poçu Stream, Upper Paraná River basin, which is subjected to the effects of daily discharge of industrial effluent. Water samples were collected in August, September, November and December, 2013, at three sites (discharge of the effluent, upstream and downstream). At these sites, we determined temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and flow (Q). The pollutant load was estimated at each site to assess the role of the effluent as a polluter. From the ordination generated by the Principal Components Analysis we observed a clear spatial distinction, with the sites of discharge and downstream distinguished from the upstream site by the highest EC, BOD and pH, and by the lowest values of DO and Q. The mean values of the pollutant load were significantly different between sites, with the highest value found at the site of effluent discharge. The results highlight the need for efforts to better manage of water resources in the Mato Grosso do Sul State, especially those located in protected areas as is the case of the Peri-Poçu Stream in order to reduce costs to combat water pollution a and conserve natural resources. Qualidade da Água de um Córrego Sujeito a Descarga de Efluente Industrial em uma Área de Proteção Ambiental Este estudo avaliou a qualidade da água do córrego Peri-Poçu, bacia do alto rio Paraná, o qual está sujeito aos efeitos do despejo diário de efluente industrial. Amostras de água foram obtidas em agosto, setembro, novembro e dezembro/2012, em três pontos (descarga do efluente, montante e jusante). Foram determinados para os diferentes pontos: temperatura, pH, condutividade elétrica oxigênio dissolvido, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio e vazão. Para avaliar a contribuição do efluente como agente poluidor foi estimada a carga poluidora em cada ponto. A partir da ordenação gerada pela Análise de Componentes Principais observou-se nítida distinção espacial, com os pontos de descarga e jusante separarando-se do ponto montante pelos maiores valores de condutividade elétrica, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio e pH e pelos menores valores de oxigênio dissolvido e vazão. Os valores médios da carga poluidora diferiram significativamente entre os pontos, com o maior valor registrado no ponto de descarga do efluente. Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de esforços para melhor gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, especialmente daqueles situados em unidades de conservação como é o caso do córrego Peri-Poçu, a fim de diminuir os custos de combate à poluição das águas e conservar os recursos naturais existentes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Recursos Hídricos; Parâmetros Físico-Químicos; Impactos Ambientais; Monitoramento.
Eozinofilik Arterite Bağlı Spontan Koroner Arter Diseksiyonu Bir Olgu Sunumu
Authors: Çengel Gülden , Olgun Esra Gürlek , Kureş Semih Alper , Uysal Cafer , Çakmak Mehmet Ali , Can İsmail Özgür
Published: May 2015

Spontaneous dissection of coronary arteries is accepted as one of the rare reasons of myocardial infarction. Spontaneous non-traumatic coronary artery dissection occurs rarely. Eosinophilic periarteritis of coronary artery may cause coronary artery dissection. Coronary eosinophilic periarteritis is put forward as predisposing factor of intimai impairment and dissection. In the literature; 1/3 of women with eosinophilic periarteritis is pregnant or in postpartum stage. In our case, 35 aged postpartum woman, who was deteriorated at home is brought hospital as dead. In the histopathological examination of tissue samples taken by the autopsy, made in The Council of Forensic Medicine, dissection in the left descending branch of coronary artery related to eosinophilic periarteritis and thyroiditis in the thyroid tissue samples is observed. In the literature, there is a few death case, related eosinophilic periarteritis with, autoimmune thyroiditis. It is found important because of that it i s one of the pathologies, which must come to mind firstly in postpartum period women deaths.Keywords: Postpartum, Arteritis, Eosinophilic, Coronary, Dissection.
Mikrobiyolojik Yöntemlerin Postmortem interval Tahmininde Kullanımı
Authors: Yıldırım Mahmut Şerif , Sevinç Sinan , Akçan Ramazan , Odabaşı Aysun Balseven , Tümer Ali Rıza
Published: May 2015

Postmortem interval estimation is one of the most important issues of postmortem investigation. Although there are several methods utilized in postmortem interval estimation, most of these are far from providing accurate interval. Thus, there is a strong need for novel methods or improvement of conventional ones. Among these, the place, role and efficiency of microbiological methods in postmortem interval estimation are still controversial. This paper aims to attract attention to the use of microbiology in postmortem interval estimation and discuss its role in the light of the related literature.Keywords: Microbiology, Postmortem interval, Forensic pathology
Tüm Boyutlarıyla Pedofili
Authors: Polat Oğuz
Published: May 2015

Pedophilia is a deviant sexual behavior which is a sub-category of paraphilias. If acted out, pedophilia is legally defined as sexual child abuse. Pedophilia includes fondling a child's genitals, intercourse, rape, sodomy, exhibitionism, and commercial exploitation of children through prostitution or the production of pornographic materials. Pedophiles who have sexually abused children require intense psychological and pharmacological therapy prior to release into the community because of the high rate of repeat offenders. The incidence of pedophilia has been markedly underestimated. It is often discussed whether sexual offenders of children are pedophiles or child molesters. It depends on exact definition and operationalizational categorization .Practical question from forensic point of view is whether there are any differences between the group of 'pedophiles', who have sexually offended child and the group of child molesters, who do not meet criteria for pedophilia. It confirms the opinion that not all of child sexual offenders are pedophiles. Regarding pedophilia remains the problem of its definition in conditions of practical acceptance.Keywords: Pedophilia, Child sexual abuse, paraphilia
İlaçların Postmortem Yeniden Dağılımı Toksikolojik Örnek Alma Veri Değerlendirme ve Yorumlama
Authors: Özşeker Pınar Efeoğlu , Dağlıoğlu Nebile , Gülmen Mete Korkut
Published: May 2015

Postmortem reditribution (PMR) refers to the changes that occur in drug concentrations after death. It involves the redistribution of drugs into blood from solid organs such as the lungs, liver and myocardium. Postmortem drug concentrations show variations depending on sampling sites and characteristics of the drugs. Drug properties such as volume of distribution, lipophilicity, and pKa are important factors. Basic, lipophilic drugs with a volume of distribution greater than 3 l/kg are most likely to undergo PMR.The anatomical location of blood sampling can influence the drug concentration. Blood collected at autopsy is an important biological sample and consist of cardiac and peripheral blood. The cardiac blood concentrations are, in general, higher than peripheral blood concentrations. Postmortem drug concentrations in peripheral blood were reported to be similar to antemortem drug concentrations. Therefore blood collected from peripheral sites is recommended for drug analysis and interpretation. While many laboratories is determinig the redistribution in postmortem cases, they use cardiac:peripheric blood (C/P) concentration ratio. When this ratio is substantially greater than unity, the drug is considered to exhibit postmortem redistribution. The liver to peripheral blood (L/P) ratio is also evaluated as a marker of postmortem redistribution because of postmortem drug concentration is  more stable in tissues. Confidence of drug concentration measured in postmortem blood is decreased and the importance of tissue analysis come back on the agenda again.The interpretation of concentrations of drugs measured in the postmortem period is complex. In this reason, in our study “What is the postmortem redistribution and Which biological samples should be taken for the correct and reliable assessment of the toxicological data? ” answers to the questions will be presented in the literature.Keywords: Drug, Postmortem Redistribution, Forensic Toxicology
Disentangling legacy effects from environmental filters of postfire assembly of boreal tree assemblages
Authors: Brown Carissa D. , Liu Juxin , Yan Guohua , Johnstone Jill F.
Published: May 2015

Disturbance plays a key role in driving ecological responses by creating opportunities for new ecological communities to assemble and by directly influencing the outcomes of assembly. Legacy effects (such as seed banks) and environmental filters can both influence community assembly, but their effects are impossible to separate with observational data. Here, we used seeding experiments in sites covering a broad range of postdisturbance conditions to tease apart the effects of seed availability, environmental factors, and disturbance characteristics on early community assembly after fire. We added seed of four common boreal trees to experimental plots in 55 replicate sites in recently burned areas of black spruce forest in northwestern North America. Seed addition treatments increased the probability of occurrence for all species, indicating a widespread potential for seed limitation to affect patterns of recruitment after fire. Small‐seeded species (aspen and birch) were most sensitive to environmental factors such as soil moisture and organic layer depth, suggesting a role for niche‐based environmental filtering in community assembly. Fire characteristics related to severity and frequency were also important drivers of seedling regeneration, indicating the potential for disturbance to mediate environmental filters and legacy effects on seed availability. Because effects of seed availability are typically impossible to disentangle from environmental constraints on recruitment in observational studies, legacy effects contingent on vegetation history may be misinterpreted as being driven by strong environmental filters. Results from the seeding experiments suggest that vegetation legacies affecting seed availability play a pivotal role in shaping patterns of community assembly after fire in these low‐diversity boreal forests.
Assimilation of Time-Lapse Temperature Observations and 4D-Seismic Data With the EnKF in SAGD Petroleum Reservoirs
Authors: Zagayevskiy Yevgeniy , Deutsch Clayton Vernon
Published: May 2015

This paper presents the applications of the ensemble-Kalmanfilter (EnKF) inverse-modelling technique to petroleum-reservoir characterization of thermally operated oil fields in northern Alberta, Canada. The EnKF is applied to 2D- and 3D-case studies based on the steam-assisted-gravity-drainage heavy-oil-extraction method. The modelling technique integrates effectively both static and dynamic data (petrophysical core data from wellbores, continuous temperature data measured by thermocouples, and 4D-seismic attributes) into a petroleum-reservoir model. Assimilated secondary information provides better insight into geologic properties of a reservoir and improves production forecasting. The method performs well for linear or slightly nonlinear systems that follow a Gaussian distribution, but shows worse performance for nonlinear or non-Gaussian systems. Integration of a large amount of data with a small number of realizations leads to ensemble collapse because of insufficient degrees of freedom. Increasing the ensemble size is a solution, but by increasing forecasting time. To overcome these issues and reduce computational time, matrix localization techniques and a shortcut based on replacement of the model realizations with their mean in forecasting are suggested. Even though the EnKF has been proved to be simple in implementation and effective for modelling of continuous linear systems, special care should be taken for modelling nonlinear systems, including categorical variables (e.g., geologic facies).
Viscosity Reduction of Heavy Oil by Aquathermolysis with Coordination Complex at Low Temperature
Authors: Hao Hua-rui , Su Hui-jun , Chen Gang , Zhao Jing-rui , Hong Li
Published: May 2015

To seek for new catalysts for the aquathermolysis of crude oil under relatively low temperature, in this paper, a
series of Mannich base-transit metal coordination complexes was synthesized and used in aquathermolysis of heavy oil as
catalyst. The results show an evident viscosity reduction by 84.2% for the heavy oil reacted at 180 °C for 24 h catalyzed
by the Ni(II) coordination complex. The group compositions, the element content of the heavy oil and paraffin crystal
morphology before and after the aquathermolysis reaction were analyzed, which are consistent with the viscosity
reduction of the heavy oil. Besides the catalysts were also found to be widely applicable.
Preferences of Young Adults With First-Episode Psychosis for Receiving Specialized Mental Health Services Using Technology: A Survey Study
Authors: Lal Shalini , Dell'Elce Jennifer , Tucci Natasha , Fuhrer Rebecca , Tamblyn Robyn , Malla Ashok
Published: May 2015

Background

Despite the potential and interest of using technology for delivering specialized psychiatric services to young adults, surprisingly limited attention has been paid to systematically assess their perspectives in this regard. For example, limited knowledge exists on the extent to which young people receiving specialized services for a first-episode psychosis (FEP) are receptive to using new technologies as part of mental health care, and to which types of technology-enabled mental health interventions they are amenable to.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to assess the interest of young adults with FEP in using technology to receive mental health information, services, and supports.

Methods

This study uses a cross-sectional, descriptive survey design. A convenience sample of 67 participants between the ages of 18 and 35 were recruited from two specialized early intervention programs for psychosis. Interviewer-administered surveys were conducted between December 2013 and October 2014. Descriptive statistics are reported.

Results

Among the 67 respondents who completed the survey, the majority (85%, 57/67) agreed or strongly agreed with YouTube as a platform for mental health-related services and supports. The top five technology-enabled services that participants were amenable to were (1) information on medication (96%, 64/67); (2) information on education, career, and employment (93%, 62/67); (3) decision-making tools pertaining to treatment and recovery (93%, 62/67); (4) reminders for appointments via text messaging (93%, 62/67); and (5) information about mental health, psychosis, and recovery in general (91%, 61/67). The top self-reported barriers to seeking mental health information online were lack of knowledge on how to perform an Internet search (31%, 21/67) and the way information is presented online (27%, 18/67). Two thirds (67%; 45/67) reported being comfortable in online settings, and almost half (48%; 32/67) reported a preference for mixed formats when viewing mental health information online (eg, text, video, visual graphics).

Conclusions

Young people diagnosed with FEP express interest in using the Internet, social media, and mobile technologies for receiving mental health-related services. Increasing the awareness of young people in relation to various forms of technology-enabled mental health care warrants further attention. A consideration for future research is to obtain more in-depth knowledge on young people’s perspectives, which can help improve the design, development, and implementation of integrated technological health innovations within the delivery of specialized mental health care.
Treatment results of children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia according to modified BFM protocol
Authors: Janic Dragana , Jovanovic Nada , Dokmanovic Lidija , Skoric Dejan , Lazic Jelena
Published: May 2015

Our study presents the results of ALL treatment from year 1995 to 2002
according to modified BFM protocol at the Department of Hematology of the
University Children?s Hospital, Belgrade. Modification was necessary due to
inadequate drug and diagnostic reagent supply at that time and related
mainly to reduced intensity of therapy and difference of definition of risk
factors in relation to original BFM protocol. A total of 69 patients were
treated, 36 girls (52.2%) and 33 boys (47.8%), mean age 4.5 years (range
0.4-16.8 yrs.). Thirteen children were classified as high risk, out of whom,
one had Down syndrome, two had earlier corticosteroid treatment, nine were
with T immunophenotype, out of whom three were poor prednisone responders and
one was female infant. Clinical and laboratory parameters on diagnosis in our
group were similar to the characteristics of patients in large published
studies which exclude selection bias. There were four toxic deaths (5.8%) and
ten relapses (14.5%). Five year event-free survival (EFS) with median
follow-up of 5.2 years (range 2.2 - 9.2 years) was 70%.