bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEGAL ASPECTS OF USING UAVs FOR AIR OPERATIONS WITHIN THE RESPONSIBILITY REGION OF FIR WARSZAWA
Authors: Romanowski Piotr , Lewandowski Zbigniew
Published: July 2018

The paper describes currently binding legal regulations for execution of flights by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) of particular categories. The division of the air space in the Warsaw’s flight information region (FIR) including consideration of possibilities for flights with the use of UAVs in different parts of this space is also presented. The final part of the paper provides information on legal consequences after violation of binding law regulations relating to the performance of flights by the UAVs.
Child abductions and parental kidnappings. Selected contexts of family crises and attempts of their solutions
Authors: Dąbrowska Anna , Wojtkowiak Monika
Published: July 2018

The subject of the article refers to parental kidnappings and abductions as a phenomenon which constitutes a family efficiency crisis. The chosen subject implies the necessity to analyse the described problem from two perspectives: violation of a legal norm and disturbance in functioning of a family seen as an educational environment.
The second aspect is followed by a need to indicate the possibilities of overcoming the crisis, ways of help, persons and organizations capable of providing such help, as well as the chances of eliminating the effects of the difficult situation for the future. As a special form of reparative actions taken in the described situation, the family mediation was indicated, which may constitute a way to a profound analysis and understanding of the conflict by the parties – the fact that may influence the efficacy of preventing repetitiveness of the phenomenon.
Working with Parents or Caretakers of Children who have experienced trauma within the Solution-Oriented Approach
Authors: Barabas Magdalena
Published: July 2018

The phenomena of aggression and violence arecommonplace in the modern worldt o such an extent that they are becoming a natural element of the social order for manypeople. When a case of a child being hurt is revealed, it often leads to a crisis for their parents or caretakers. The aim of the articleis to draw attention to the situation of parents or caretakers supporting a hurt child in a situation when the damage is revealed, as well as to familiarise the reader with selected tools developed within the Solution-Oriented Approach which prove useful in the therapy process. The objective of therapeutic help within the Solution-Oriented Approach is to support the customers in their attempts to create a reality where they can fulfil their needs in a way which is safe and acceptable for them. The actions taken by the therapist and the customer focus on identifying the needs, goals, and resources of the latter.
Atypical fungal maxillar sinusitis - case report
Authors: Didkovskij Viacheslav , Naumenko Oleksander , Terentieva Kateryna
Published: July 2018

Fungal sinusitis divided into invasive and non-invasive forms. Fungal ball of the sinuses is a not invasive infection that if characterizes for its chronicity, being the majority related with previous endodontic treatment. We report a case of non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in a patient with a cough with obstructive symptom at the night. The patient did not show any other symptoms, treated by the therapeutic specialist. Antibiotics had prescribed, but no improvement had noted. Computed Tomography of face showed that presented injury with calcification of the right maxillary sinus. We decided to perform the sinusotomy throw the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus with the endoscopy control. Intraoperative we evacuated and washed the sinus. After the operation, general condition was improvement and patient did not note coughing with obstruction at the night.
Analýza politiky a političtí aktéři - možnosti a limity aplikace teorií na příkladech
Authors: Burešová Barbora
Published: July 2018

Říchová, Blanka; Jüptner, Petr; Riegl, Martin; Švec, Kamil (2015). Analýza politiky a političtí aktéři - možnosti a limity aplikace teorií na příkladech. Praha: Sociologické nakladatelství (SLON), 251 pages.
Recording Conservation Information: The MARC 583 Field in Practice
Authors: Hobart Elizabeth
Published: July 2018

Conservation documentation provides important information about a library’s collections, including condition assessments and treatment decisions. Paper files or local databases, however, can make this information unavailable to most library staff and create problems for searching and preservation. To avoid these problems, in 2016, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) started using the MARC 583 field to record conservation documentation for items in the Special Collections Library. By placing this information in the catalog record, conservation information was publicly viewable, searchable, and protected by regular database backups. This article describes the process of implementing the MARC 583 field at Penn State for conservation documentation, including selecting standards, encoding the field, and outcomes from the project.
RDA Implementation in Large US Public Libraries
Authors: Long Chris Evin
Published: July 2018

This survey sought to investigate how the transition to the new cataloging standard, Resource Description and Access (RDA), has been handled in one hundred of the largest US public libraries, specifically examining whether catalogers believe that some of RDA’s major goals have been met, and how some of the anticipated impacts of RDA implementation have been handled. A large majority of these libraries have implemented RDA for original cataloging, but respondents also generally believe that RDA has failed to meet some of its most important goals, primarily ease of use and cost-effectiveness.
Características demográficas, sociais e clínicas de mulheres em idade fértil atingidas pela Hanseníase
Authors: Tavares Clodis Maria , Santos Tâmyssa Simões , Gomes Nataly Mayara Cavalcante , Silva-Sobrinho Reinaldo Antônio , Goes Fernanda Silva , Almeida Ana Maria de
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: descrever as características demográficas, sociais e clínicas de mulheres em idade fértil atingidas pela hanseníase em uma capital do nordeste brasileiro. Método: estudo descritivo de corte transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. A população do estudo foi composta por 217 mulheres, e resultou em uma amostra intencional de 60, que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Resultados: os dados revelaram que 95,0% do conjunto amostral, encontrava-se na faixa de 20 a 49 anos. O modo de detecção que apresentaram uma maior porcentagem foram: o encaminhamento e a demanda espontânea, constituindo 60,0% dos casos. Identificou-se que 30,0% foram diagnosticadas na forma dimorfa, o que afirma os dados referente à classificação multibacilar. Conclusão: as características demográficas, sociais e clínicas foram: mulheres economicamente ativas, predominantemente analfabetas, que possuem companheiros e desempenham ocupações remuneradas e domésticas.
¿Importan los líderes políticos? El caso de los jóvenes y la política Tailandesa
Authors: Chatratichart Waraporn
Published: July 2018

The influence of the image and personality of political actors have long been discussed in political and communication studies. Although an understanding of the impact is inconclusive, it is widely believed that the image or personality of leaders influences voters’ electoral choices and, therefore, a political actor’s personality is important. Several critics, however, contend that the focus on the party leader encourage voters to engage with the image rather than the substance of politics. This paper argues that the perceived image of a party leader can influence young people’s electoral choices, although they may use the image in different ways. As argued by the Elaboration Likelihood Model (Petty and Cacioppo 1981, 1986), among those with lower levels of political knowledge, interest and/or involvement, a leader’s perceived image or personality may serve as a shortcut when making their electoral choices. For others, a degree of emotional attachment to a leader may stimulate their consideration of that leader’s policies, leading to central route processing. Image can therefore play either a direct or indirect role in young people’s voting choices.
The Centrality of Political Personality to Political Suitability, a matter of Charisma?
Authors: De Vries Philippe , De Landtsheer Christ’l
Published: July 2018

This article investigates the role of personality perception by voters in their impression of political suitability. What are the personality traits of political leaders whose perception contributes most to the electorate’s impression of their political suitability? This study relies upon the central political psychology axiom that political structures are shaped and channeled by people’s personalities (Winter, 2003). This axiom implies that personality factors both at the elite (leaders) and the mass level (the electorate) are believed to influence the arousal and weighting of the leaders’ goals and preferences. It also follows from this axiom that the personality of the political candidate is considerably affecting how the candidate (at elite level) and how the citizens-electors (at mass level) respond or resist to cues, symbols and signs. Besides, studies on leadership from organizational research and management understated the role played by the personality in “charisma” ever since Weber (1922, 1968) launched the concept (“charismatic authority”). This “charisma” of the political leader would nevertheless only be activated in relation to the audience (e.g. Hoffman, 2009, p.232-233). This article focuses on the assumption that the voter- audience is considered to be influenced, even steered by central-so-called politically relevant- personality impressions about the candidate. The article firstly presents a theory review on the role of personality in political success. Secondly, a method is presented that allows assessing personality as a success factor, and which is entitled “the political personality index” (e.g. De Landtsheer, Thijssen & Immelman, 2004: De Vries, 2007). A third, empirical part of the article summarizes the results of the application of the “the political personality index” on a sample with 1171 individuals. From the results can be concluded that a substantial part of the impression of political suitability is based on the perception of the candidate’s personal “charisma”. The interpretation of the presumed politically relevant personality patterns as furthered by this political psychology approach further indicates that contextual factors deserve more attention.
La comunicación política del Presidente Clinton. El discurso del estado de la Unión de 1998
Authors: Sanmartín José J.
Published: July 2018

The aim of this paper lies in the study of political rhetoric implemented as a marketing action by President Clinton, in particular the research focuses on the relevant speech of the State of the Union in 1998, where Clinton made a true masterpiece of rhetorical power, marking the beginning of the end in the campaign against the President. The techniques and resources used by Clinton explain his success in political communication, with a substantial enrichment in perspective and contents.
El discurso de investidura como instrumento de comunicación política en España (1979-2008)
Authors: Álvarez Esteban Ramón
Published: July 2018

Political marketing, understood as a set of strategies and techniques within a campaign, usually complete its work when election is done. Currently the management of campaigns needs many people, some outside the party, so the message cannot be entirely allocated to candidates. The government’s presidential candidate has to achieve sufficient support of the parliamentary groups of the Chamber for his election. The investiture speech should contain the main programmatic lines of his party and those incorporations that they are necessary to achieve the majority of votes. The investiture speech is a message to the society about the country direction in the coming years. This message can be statistically analyzed to determine the lexical characteristics of each candidate. Moreover, the speech provides important information to establish lines of action and changes from previous policies. There are ten investiture speeches in Spain during the period 1979-2008. Four groups can be obtained corresponding to time periods rather than the authors.
Experiencia y eventos. La creación de “experiencia de marca” a partir de la organización de eventos. El caso español (2010)
Authors: Galmés Cerezo María , Victoria Mas Juan Salvador
Published: July 2018

Along the last decade, events management has undergone a significant development within companies marketing and communication strategy. This trend is obviously connected with the fact that events have shown to be an effective tool, mainly concerning the way marketing (and consumers) are actually demanding: trough experiences reaching emotions, relationship, feelings, reflections and interactivity with brands, companies or their products. Events management is a tool capable to add real value to brands, from a close experience and relationship with them. And precisely that is its main value and contribution to the company communication strategy.This article analyze events management experts contributions and academic and professional proposals concerning brand experience and experiential marketing. Following their relation, we propose a theoretical model to design brand experience linked to communication and marketing events. (ECM)To support the model, an empirical research has been made, based on interviews to communication and events management experts from top Spanish companies. This research adds key information about events usefulness and practical application.To realize how marketing and communications events can offer huge brand experience possibilities, is the right path to achieve the future development of this great tool within the corporate communication strategies.
El marketing sensorial y su eficacia en el contexto de una estrategia de comunicación diferencial para el lanzamiento de un perfume
Authors: Sánchez Ros Dolores , Labajo González Victoria
Published: July 2018

This investigation hopes to analyse the attitudes and behaviour of selective perfumery consumers when faced with sensory character communication elements of the product and brand. It is based on the empirical evidence related to the efficacy of these techniques – in terms of memory, recognition, etc. – or a combination of them. We will try to study the effectiveness of the type of elements, which are identified and covered by the experiential marketing concept, such as differential techniques for communication and merchandising, analysing their role as boosters to reach another series of business and brand image objectives. The methodology is upheld by the use of two tools to obtain primary data: firstly, a personal survey of potential consumers instead of an experiential marketing action, with a sample of 3,618 surveys, which allowed us to obtain information on the perception of the action and the consumers’ attitudes. Secondly, there was an on-line panel with brand consumers to look in depth at and contrast the information derived from the previous phase and deal with the qualitative aspects that are difficult to analyse in a survey. The work’s conclusions show that sensory elements have great capacity to stimulatethe potential consumer and especially to generate traffic to the points of sale. In turn, it underlines the need to transfer the sensory experience activated by the experiential marketing action to the establishment itself. Finally, we stress the possibility of experiential marketing initiatives as a high impact communication vehicle for brand attributes.
In game advertising en la infancia (6 a 12 años). Estudio de los alumnos de Primaria y de sus padres en Pontevedra
Authors: Marí Rodríguez Davinia
Published: July 2018

In Game Advertising is designated to introduce advertising into videogame scenes, an attractive variant for the advertiser, which has been little used until now. The study’s aim is to establish the possible influence of advertising inserted into the different types of childhood videogames (those most used, those most sold in terms of age range). Particularly working with the following specific objectives:

To study the impact of in game advertising (advertising inserted into videogames) during childhood, to see if it is effective or not, and if these products become part of daily life.
To check if children use these videogames properly, according to their age classification.
To check if parents supervise how their children use videogames.

The results obtained show that advertising inserted into videogames is seen just as much by parents as by minors, as they know it exists. 10.5% of parents/tutors and 34.4% of schoolchildren admitted to having used a product from the brands that they saw in their videogames. We also checked how minors did not use video-games properly, as 53.6% of schoolchildren used games that were recommended for an older age than they were, likewise we saw that 81.9% of parents/tutors looked at the recommended age classification before buying, even though they might not put it into practice. Finally the results showed us that the subjects most used by children were platform, sports and strategy games.
La gestión de la comunicación institucional interna en las universidades de la Comunidad de Madrid. Fortalezas y debilidades
Authors: Gómez Quijano Arturo , Zapata Palacios Lelia
Published: July 2018

This article focuses on the profile of the internal communicator at the universities of the Community of Madrid. It performs a descriptive study that includes two items: information about what these professionals are and information about the methodologies, resources, tools and functions they claim to carry out. For these reflections, a quantitative research study applied to 14 internal communication officers of public and private universities operating in the Community of Madrid are taken as reference. The research, which uses a descriptive methodology, concludes that the task of managing the internal communication at university institutions is a responsibility assumed by the Madrid universities and that its management is rising compared to the situation in 2005: The function is in stage of development, there are strengths, but also a considerable number of weaknesses, the greater being the limitation in budgetary resources. The profile that leads this area is a university degree mostly related to journalism , publicity or public relations. However, we are faced with a multi-tasking professional since, apart from being a manager, they are also a professor. On the other hand, it is necessary for the internal communication area to focus on objectives and projects that improve the sense of belonging, educational quality and a digital culture based on collaboration.
La percepción de los intérpretes generacionales del cambio de época. Análisis cualitativo de la interpretación de la comunicación que percibe la Generación Millennial de las organizaciones públicas y privadas
Authors: Leiva Augusto , Honorato Teresa
Published: July 2018

What would be the working world’s perception by generations from 21 to 36 who are looking for employability? What are the messages issued by public and private organizations? Are these messages well understood by these generations? The present investigation begins with these questions and starts, on one hand, from the assumption that the fragmentation of communication is conditioned by generations that use it and, on the other hand, from the similarity between the organizations and their communication in their job offers. The current article will try to approach the perception or interpretation of reality of the Millennial Generation facing the new social change and the organizations communication.
Preliminary analysis of New Zealand scampi (Metanephrops challengeri) diet using metabarcoding
Authors: van der Reis Aimee L , Laroche Olivier , Jeffs Andrew G , Lavery Shane D
Published: July 2018

Deep sea lobsters are highly valued for seafood and provide the basis of important commercial fisheries in many parts of the world. Despite their economic significance, relatively little is known about their natural diets. Microscopic analyses of foregut content in some species have suffered from low taxonomic resolution, with many of the dietary items difficult to reliably identify as their tissue is easily digested. DNA metabarcoding has the potential to provide greater taxonomic resolution of the diet of the New Zealand scampi (Metanephrops challengeri) through the identification of gut contents, but a number of methodological concerns need to be overcome first to ensure optimum DNA metabarcoding results.

In this study, a range of methodological parameters were tested to determine the optimum protocols for DNA metabarcoding, and provide a first view of M. challengeri diet. Several PCR protocols were tested, using two universal primer pairs targeting the 18S rRNA and COI genes, on DNA extracted from both frozen and ethanol preserved samples for both foregut and hindgut digesta.

The selection of appropriate DNA polymerases, buffers and methods for reducing PCR inhibitors (including the use of BSA) were found to be critical. Amplification from frozen or ethanol preserved gut contents appeared similarly dependable, but metabarcoding outcomes indicated that the ethanol samples produced better results from the COI gene. The COI gene was found to be more effective than 18S rRNA gene for identifying large eukaryotic taxa from the digesta, however, it was less successfully amplified. The 18S rRNA gene was more easily amplified, but identified mostly smaller marine organisms such as plankton and parasites. This preliminary analysis of the diet of M. challengeri identified a range of species (13,541 reads identified as diet), which included the ghost shark (Hydrolagus novaezealandiae), silver warehou (Seriolella punctate), tall sea pen (Funiculina quadrangularis) and the salp (Ihlea racovitza), suggesting that they have a varied diet, with a high reliance on scavenging a diverse range of pelagic and benthic species from the seafloor.
Genetic population structure of the pelagic mollusk Limacina helicina in the Kara Sea
Authors: Abyzova Galina Anatolievna , Nikitin Mikhail Aleksandrovich , Popova Olga Vladimirovna , Pasternak Anna Fedorovna
Published: July 2018

Background. Pelagic pteropods Limacina helicina are widespread and can play an important role in the food webs and in biosedimentation in Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems. Previous publications have shown differences in the genetic structure of populations of L. helicina from populations foundin the Pacific Ocean and Svalbard area. Currently, there are no data on the genetic structure of L. helicina populations in the seas of the Siberian Arctic. We assessed the genetic structure of L. helicina from the Kara Sea populations and compared them with samples from around Svalbard and the North Pacific. We also compared L. helicina from the different habitats within the Kara Sea.

Methods. We examined genetic differences in L. helinica from three different locations in the Kara Sea via analysis of a fragment of the mitochondrial gene COI. We also compared a subset of samples with L. helicina from previous studies to find connections between populations from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Results. 65 individual L. helinica from the Kara Sea were sequenced to produce 19 different haplotypes. This is comparable with numbers of haplotypes found in Svalbard and Pacific samples (24 and 25, respectively). Haplotypes from different locations sampled around Arctic and Subarctic were combined into two significantly different groups: H1 and H2. The H2 includes sequences from the Kara Sea and Svalbard, was present only in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic. The other genetic group, H1, is widespread and found throughout all L. helicina populations. Phi-st analyses also indicated significant genetic difference between the Atlantic and Pacific regions, but no differences between Svalbard and the Kara Sea.

Discussion. The obtained results support our hypothesis about genetic similarity of L. helicina populations from the Kara Sea and Svalbard: the majority of haplotypes belongs to the haplotype group H2, with the H1 group representing a minority of the haplotypes present. In contrast, in the Canadian Arctic and the Pacific Ocean only haplogroup H1 is found. The negative values of Fu's Fs indicate directed selection or expansion of the population. The reason for this pattern could be due to an isolation of the Limacina helicina population during the Pleistocene glaciation and a subsequent rapid expansion of this species after the last glacial maximum.
A geografia econômica relacional e sua aplicação nos estudos de arranjos produtivos do turismo
Authors: Chim-Miki Adriana Fumi , Ruiz Thays Cristina Domareski
Published: July 2018

Este artigo apresenta a evolução da teoria da Geografia Econômica Relacional (GER) como uma base teórica de análise regional e de destinos turísticos. São apresentadas as origens, fundamentos, tendências de conceituação e críticas da GER. Também é realizada uma contextualização mediante uma comparação entre as análises de destinos turísticos baseadas em aglomerados produtivos (redes, distritos, clusters e arranjos produtivos locais) e a análise da perspectiva da GER. É um estudo qualitativo, de revisão teórica e conceitual, que tem por objetivo verificar se a GER é uma perspectiva complementar aos clássicos estudos de aglomerações produtivas ou se é uma perspectiva que pode substituí-las, suprindo algumas deficiências que têm sido apontadas pelos pesquisadores. Conclui-se que a GER pode ser utilizada para estudos de destinos turísticos, independentemente da forma de organização territorial/produtiva que este tenha. Assim como poderá gerar ferramentas para traduzir o pensamento relacional, tirando-o da abstração e trazendo esta concepção teórica para a prática de gestão territorial de destinos turísticos.
Calling All Architects: New Approaches to Old Housing
Authors: Schmidt Emily , Genevro Rosalie
Published: July 2018

Some architects around the world are putting up a resistance to building. And with good reason: they have realised that demolition and new build is not necessarily the most desirable solution for outdated housing stock. Emily Schmidt and Rosalie Genevro, of the Architectural League of New York, interviewed three teams – in London, France and Toronto – who are thinking outside the box to find ways of giving new life to existing social and affordable housing, while minimising disruption to residents' lives and keeping costs in check. They take the architect's role beyond design, to community engagement and policy advocacy.
Social Versus Affordable: The Search for Inclusive Housing Policies in Mexico
Authors: Corona Meir Lobaton
Published: July 2018

However well‐meaning, government‐backed schemes to house the populace can be counterproductive in their emphasis on quantity. An over two‐million‐home building spree in Mexico in the first six years of the millennium ultimately led to soulless townscapes of standardised units. Mexico City‐based architect Meir Lobaton Corona examines how this arose, and argues for placing the emphasis back on context, coherence and community – particularly through the work of the country's National Institute for the Funding of Workers' Housing (INFONAVIT).
High Propylene Selective Metal‐Organic Framework Membranes Prepared in Confined Spaces via Convective Circulation Synthesis
Authors: Huang Kang , Wang Bo , Chi Yunsi , Li Kang
Published: July 2018

In this study, the successful preparation of defect‐free metal‐organic framework (MOF) membranes on the inner surface of ceramic hollow fibers and micromonoliths is reported for the first time. The prepared zeolitic imidazolite framework‐8 membranes exhibit impressively high propylene/propane (C3H6/C3H8) separation factor (up to 139), which is over an order of magnitude higher than that of traditional polymeric membranes. Such excellent results are achieved via a versatile convective circulation method, which eliminates the need of pumps for materials supply and is cost effective andenergy efficient. The MOF membranes prepared in this study show the potential in meeting stringent industrial requirements, as they have full protection from external impact during storage and module assembly, as well as high membrane surface area per volume, enabling compact devices for process intensification.
Bimetallic Network with Hetero‐interfacial Plasmons
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhang Xinping
Published: June 2018

Fabrication of bimetallic networks consisting of periodically arranged gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded with a grid of silver nanowires, where solution‐processing materials or techniques are involved in all of the fabrication procedures, is reported. Annealing of the colloidal gold nanoparticles and the photoreduction of the silver ions in the mixture solution of AgNO3 and polyvinyl pyrrolidone in water are the main processes. The key to this fabrication is that the AuNP array is used as the mask for the photoreduction of silver ions into nanowires, where the silver nanowires are thus located between the AuNPs. Two sets of dipolar and quadrupolar plasmons, as well as their respectively coupled resonance modes, are observed in the measurements and specified using theoretical analysis. Thus, the bimetallic photonic structures not only show enhanced and extended resonance spectrum due to the overlap of multiple localized surface plasmons but also induce plasmonic hetero‐interfacial interaction between the closely adjacent AuNPs and silver nanowires.
Harnessing Tumor Microenvironment for Nanoparticle‐Mediated Radiotherapy
Authors: Zhu Shuang , Gu Zhanjun , Zhao Yuliang
Published: July 2018

Recent years have witnessed the dramatic improvement of nanoparticle‐mediated radiotherapy in preclinical or even clinical cancer research. Among the extensive developments, tumor‐targeted strategies are receiving more and more attention as they become able increase their therapeutic effects as well as reduce the side effects to healthy tissues. The tumor microenvironment (TME) with its critical function in tumor development and distinctive abnormal characteristics, is also widely studied as a target/response for tumor‐specific nano‐radiotherapy. The fast advances of TME‐assisted nano‐radiotherapy have offered numerous novel strategies and approaches for efficiently destroying cancer. This review summarizes the recent advances and development of TME‐enabled nanoparticle‐mediated radiotherapy. Firstly, a brief description of the typical TME characteristics including vasculature, hypoxia, mild acidity, redox reactions, extracellular matrix, and various cellular components is given. Next, the representative examples of TME‐enabled nanoparticle‐mediated radiotherapy are categorized and discussed in two parts: TME components–targeted nano‐radiotherapy and TME characteristics‐responsive nano‐radiotherapy. Lastly, some obstacles and challenges associated with this field are also proposed at the end of this review.
Properties of Highly Efficient Charge Generation and Transport of Multialternating Organic Heterojunctions and Its Application in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Guo Qingxun , Dai Yanfeng , Sun Qian , Qiao Xianfeng , Chen Jiangshan , Zhu Tengfei , Ma Dongge
Published: June 2018

The highly efficient charge generation and transport is realized by simply stacking several 1,4,5,8,9,11‐hexa‐azatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile (HAT‐CN)/4,4′,4″‐tris(N‐3‐methylphenyl‐N‐phenylamino) triph‐enylamine (m‐MTDATA) organic heterojunctions in series. Mechanism analysis confirms that the highly effective charge transport property benefits from the efficient charge generation and recombination processes at the HAT‐CN/m‐MTDATA interfaces. It is found that the efficient multialternating organic heterojunctions can be used not only as hole and electron transporters to supply large charge injection, but also as excellent charge generation layer (CGL) to fabricate high‐performance tandem organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The resulting red phosphorescent OLEDs by simultaneously using the multialternating organic heterojunctions as hole and electron transporters realize the power efficiency (PE) of 36.7 lm W−1, current efficiency (CE) of 28.0 cd A−1, and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 15.4%, whereas the PE, CE, and EQE, respectively, reach 37.1 lm W−1, 56.0 cd A−1, and 31.8% when simultaneously using the multialternating organic heterojunctions as hole and electron transporters and CGL to fabricate tandem red phosphorescent OLEDs, indicating the validity of the multialternating organic heterojunctions as the charge generator and transporters. The results provide us a totally new way of fabricating high‐performance OLEDs.
Organic–Inorganic Heterojunctions toward High‐Performance Ambipolar Field‐Effect Transistor Applications
Authors: Li Molin , Wang Jiawei , Cai Xiaoyong , Liu Fengjing , Li Xiaojun , Wang Liang , Liao Lei , Jiang Chao
Published: June 2018

This work reports on combination of organic–inorganic heterojunctions between amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) and organic semiconductors for design of high‐performance ambipolar transistors. A vertically sequential layer device configuration that the organic small molecule dinaphtho‐thieno‐thiophene (DNTT) and dioctylbenzothieno[2,3‐b]benzothiophene (C8‐BTBT) are directly vacuum deposited on the surface of a‐IGZO without any interface modification is employed in ambipolar transistors. The ambipolar transistors based on C8‐BTBT/a‐IGZO featured with V‐shaped transfer curves exhibit an outstanding electrical performance with mobilities as high as 5.1 and 4.5 cm2 V−1 s−1 for electrons and holes, respectively. The formation of N‐type channel even if covered with several tens of nanometers thick small molecule film is clarified with the charge injection mechanisms based on both thermionic injection and/or tunneling transport processes. High‐performance ambipolar inverter with extremely large gain of 124 V/V is fabricated based on the C8‐BTBT/a‐IGZO ambipolar transistors. Moreover, a single‐transistor frequency doubler shows high spectral purity with 70% of the output energy at the doubling frequency of 2 kHz. The present work provides a strategy for manufacturing high‐performance ambipolar transistor with straightforward processing approaches, which may help deepen the understanding of ambipolar channel's working mechanisms and optimize the design procedures of logic electrical components.
Gigahertz Integrated Circuits Based on Complementary Black Phosphorus Transistors
Authors: Chen Li , Li Si , Feng Xuewei , Wang Lin , Huang Xin , Tee Benjamin C.‐K. , Ang Kah‐Wee
Published: June 2018

Black phosphorus (BP) has attracted enormous interest for logic applications due to its unique electronic properties. However, pristine BP exhibits predominant p‐type channel conductance, which limits the realization of complementary circuits unless an effective n‐type doping is found. Here, a practical approach to transform the conductivity of BP from p‐type to n‐type via a spatially controlled aluminum (Al) doping is proposed. Symmetrical threshold voltage for the pair of p‐type and n‐type BP field‐effect transistors can be achieved by tuning the Al doping concentration. The complementary inverter circuit shows a clear logic inversion with a high voltage gain of up to ≈11 at a supply voltage (VDD) of 1.5 V. Simultaneously, a high noise margin of 0.27 × VDD is achieved for both low (NML) and high (NMH) input voltages, indicating excellent noise immunity. Moreover, a three‐stage ring oscillator with a theoretical frequency above 1.8 GHz and microwatt level power dissipation is modeled, which shows a low propagation delay per stage. This study demonstrates a practical approach to fabricate high performance complementary integrated circuits on a homogenous BP channel material, paving the way toward complex cascaded circuits and sensor interface applications.
Toward Predicting Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells via Machine Learning and Improved Descriptors
Authors: Sahu Harikrishna , Rao Weining , Troisi Alessandro , Ma Haibo
Published: July 2018

To design efficient materials for organic photovoltaics (OPVs), it is essential to identify the largest number of parameters that control their properties and build a model using these parameters (known as descriptors) for the prediction of the power conversion efficiency (PCE). By constructing a dataset for 280 small molecule OPV systems, it is found that for all high‐performing devices, frontier molecular orbitals of donor molecules are nearly degenerated and in such cases, orbitals other than just highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) are involved in exciton formation, exciton dissociation, and hole transport processes influencing the macroscopic properties of OPVs. Machine learning approaches, including random forest, gradient boosting, deep neural network are used to build models for the prediction of PCE using 13 important microscopic properties of organic materials as descriptors. Quite impressive performance of the gradient boosting model (Pearson's coefficient = 0.79) indicates that it can certainly be applied to high‐throughput virtual screening of promising new donor molecules for high‐efficiency OPVs.
Trauma surgery simulation education in Japan: the Advanced Trauma Operative Management course
Authors: Lefor Alan Kawarai
Published: July 2018

Simulation has become an important teaching tool, in part because of changes mandated by restrictions in resident work hours. Simulation models include life‐like mannequins, ex vivo tissue, cadavers, and live animal models. The Advanced Trauma Operative Management (ATOM) course teaches a standard approach for the treatment of traumatic injuries. The 1‐day course includes six lectures in the morning and a live animal surgery laboratory in the afternoon. The animal laboratory includes five standard injury scenarios. Advanced Trauma Operative Management was brought to Japan in 2008 and has carried out 60 courses, training more than 250 surgeons and 70 instructors at six training sites throughout Japan. There have been a number of innovations initiated by ATOM Japan including Nurse Participation Certificates and a course for Trauma Nurses that runs concurrently with the ATOM course. There are other trauma courses given throughout the world, which are scenario‐based and include concurrent nurse training. It is difficult to quantitatively assess the benefits of trauma training to patients. There are a number of documented cases in Japan of surgeons who have had good operative outcomes in the care of traumatically injured patients who attribute the successful management of these patients to participation in the ATOM course. Training in trauma surgery using simulation models and the ATOM course have had a positive impact on surgical training and patient care in Japan. These courses will continue to be modified and refined, resulting in better education and clinical outcomes. Education research is essential to determine the optimum use of the available models.
White matter measures correlate with essential tremor severity—A pilot diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Nestrasil Igor , Svatkova Alena , Rudser Kyle D. , Chityala Ravishankar , Wakumoto Amy , Mueller Bryon A. , Bednařík Petr , Tuite Paul , Wu Xiang , Bushara Khalaf
Published: July 2018

Background

An evolving pathophysiological concept of essential tremor (ET) points to diffuse brain network involvement, which emphasizes the need to investigate white matter (WM) changes associated with motor symptoms ofET.

Objectives

To investigateET‐relatedWMchanges andWMcorrelates of tremor severity using tremor clinical rating scales and accelerometry.

Methods

Tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) approach was utilized to compare 3 Tesla diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from 12ETpatients and 10 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy individuals. Clinical scales, tremor frequency and amplitude as measured by accelerometry were correlated withDTIdata.

Results

ETpatients demonstrated mean (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) abnormalities in tracts involved in primary and associative motor functions such as bilateral corticospinal tracts, the superior longitudinal fascicles, and the corpus callosum but also in nonmotor regions including the inferior fronto‐occipital and longitudinal fascicles, cingulum bundles, anterior thalamic radiations, and uncinate fascicles. A combined tremor frequency and amplitude score correlated withRDandMDin extensiveWMareas, which partially overlapped the regions that were associated with tremor frequency. No significant relationship was found betweenDTImeasures and clinical rating scales scores.

Conclusions

The results show thatET‐related diffusionWMchanges and their correlates with tremor severity are preferentially located in the primary and associative motor areas. In contrast, a relationship betweenWMwas not detected with clinical rating scales. Accelerometry parameters may, therefore, serve as a potentially useful clinical measures that relate toWMdeficits inET.
Metabolic acidosis after sodium thiosulfate infusion and the role of hydrogen sulfide
Authors: Hunt Guenola M. , Ryder Hilary F.
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical Message

Sodium thiosulfate (STS), first‐line treatment for calcific uremic arteriolopathy, causes a mild asymptomatic acidosis in many patients. However, severe, life‐threatening acidosis out of proportion with the expected acid load of STS may occur, potentially due to metabolism of STS to hydrogen sulfide.
Therapeutic failure and eventual solution for skin necrosis and exposed tendon of the dorsum of the foot: A case report
Authors: Toyoshima Yoichi , Maeda Toshio , Kijima Takeshi , Namiki Osamu , Nemoto Tetsuya , Inagaki Katsunori
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical Message

For the treatment of skin necrosis with exposed tendons in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) foot, we should perform microvascular free flap surgery at an early stage without conservative treatment considering the increased risk of infection and the decreased physical activity.
Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution in Mg‐Free and Mg–Containing Ionic Liquid 1‐Butyl‐1‐Methylpyrrolidinium Bis (Trifluoromethanesulfonyl) Imide
Authors: Bozorgchenani Maral , Fischer Philipp , Schnaidt Johannes , Diemant Thomas , Schwarz Rainer M. , Marinaro Mario , Wachtler Mario , Jörissen Ludwig , Behm R. Jürgen
Published: July 2018

Aiming at a better understanding of the air electrode processes in Mg‐air batteries, we have investigated the activity of different electrode materials, viz., Pt, Au, glassy carbon (GC) and manganese (III)‐ and (IV)‐oxides (Mn2O3 and MnO2) for the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution (OER) reactions in the ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (BMP‐TFSI) and the influence of Mg2+ thereon. Employing planar model electrodes in a rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) setup, we used cyclic voltammetry at different rotation rates to test the reversibility of these reactions and quantify the number of electrons transferred during the ORR. Reversible ORR and OER are observed for all electrodes in neat BMP‐TFSI electrolyte, while in the Mg2+ containing electrolyte (Mg‐TFSI2) the OER is strongly hindered for all electrode materials. This goes along with the rapid build‐up of a passivation layer during cycling, which increasingly inhibits also the ORR. The morphology and chemical composition of the passivation layer were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), indicating that MgO2 is the main product formed by the ORR.
A Millifluidic Reactor System for Multistep Continuous Synthesis of InP/ZnSeS Nanoparticles
Authors: Vikram Ajit , Kumar Vivek , Ramesh Utkarsh , Balakrishnan Karthik , Oh Nuri , Deshpande Kishori , Ewers Trevor , Trefonas Peter , Shim Moonsub , Kenis Paul J. A.
Published: June 2018

Despite the growing interest in quantum dots for applications ranging from bioimaging to display technologies, the reproducible and high‐quality synthesis of Cd‐free quantum dots (QDs) on a large scale remains challenging. Conventional large‐scale batch synthesis techniques are limited by slow precursor heating/cooling/mixing, poor reproducibility and low productivity. In recent years, the continuous flow synthesis of QDs using microfluidic approaches has shown promise to overcome the shortcomings of batch synthesis. However, the application of microfluidic reactors for synthesis of Cd‐free QDs exhibiting high photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) at high production rate remains a challenge. Here, we report a modular millifluidic reactor for the fully continuous multi‐step synthesis of InP/ZnSeS core‐shell QDs, that integrates the precise control over reaction conditions with the potential for gram‐scale production rates. We use a design of experiment approach to understand and optimize the process parameters for the synthesis, resulting in PL QY up to 67% with good reproducibility in terms of both QY and peak position (less than 5% standard deviation). Additionally, by changing the process parameters for different reaction stages (core and shell reactors), the wavelength of the InP/ZnSeS particles can be tuned to cover nearly the entire visible spectrum (480–650 nm).
Evaluation of Food and Spherical Carbon Adsorbent Effects on the Pharmacokinetics of Roxadustat in Healthy Nonelderly Adult Male Japanese Subjects
Authors: Shibata Tomohisa , Nomura Yuki , Takada Akitsugu , Ueno Mai , Katashima Masataka , Yazawa Rie , Furihata Kenichi
Published: July 2018

Roxadustat is a hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor in late‐stage clinical development for the treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease. Spherical carbon adsorbent (SCA) is used in patients with chronic kidney disease and has been shown to impact absorption of certain concomitant drugs. Two phase 1, open‐label, randomized, crossover studies were conducted in healthy adult Japanese males to investigate the effect of food and SCA on the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of roxadustat. Subjects in the food effect study received a single dose of 100‐mg roxadustat under fed and fasted conditions. Subjects in the SCA/roxadustat drug‐drug interaction study received a single dose of 100‐mg roxadustat alone, concomitantly with SCA, and 1 and 2 hours before and after SCA to consider the real‐world clinical situation and assess any potential impact of a lag time on the pharmacokinetics of roxadustat. Primary outcomes for both studies were area under the concentration‐time curve from the time of dosing extrapolated to infinity and maximum concentration of drug in blood plasma. In the food effect study (N = 16), the geometric mean ratio (fed/fasted) and 90% confidence interval for area under the concentration‐time curve from the time of dosing extrapolated to infinity and maximum concentration of roxadustat were 94.44 (89.93‐99.18) and 79.88 (72.09‐88.52), respectively. In the SCA/roxadustat drug‐drug interaction study, all geometric mean ratios and 90% confidence intervals (roxadustat + SCA/roxadustat) were within the no‐effect boundaries of 80% and 125%. Roxadustat was generally well tolerated. The effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of roxadustat and the drug‐drug interaction between roxadustat and SCA do not appear to be clinically relevant and support the safe use of roxadustat under these conditions.