bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hearing Loss and its Impact in the Community
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: February 2024

Hearing is considered an important sense of the human being. Hearing impairment cannot be visible and hence its effects are not seen by others, so the deaf suffer in silence. Hearing impairment is not only a communication problem but also a community problem. Hearing loss, which is gradual and permanent, can be brought on by congenital or acquired damage to the auditory nerve and cochlear hair cells. It reduces the working ability and performance of an individual, thus diminishing one’s participation. Hearing loss is often associated with loneliness and social isolation which has an impact on cognitive and psychosocial health. Early identification of hearing impairment in a child is vital for effective management. Hearing loss has a detrimental impact on family dynamics and, as a result, the child’s development. The widespread prevalence of deafness necessitated a reliable management system and simple clinical implementation. This public health burden can be managed by raising awareness of hearing impairment. There are plenty of clinical assessment and therapy options in hearing impairment research, but lack of knowledge about it implies that public education or awareness should be prioritized more. This review article discusses the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, impact of hearing impairment, and its impact on the community along with current treatment options.
Study of Various Modalities of Management of Lower One-third Leg Defects in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Gantayat Rajesh , Routray Satyabrata
Published: February 2024

Background:

Lower extremity reconstruction is essential to plastic surgery and focuses on treating wounds and defects secondary to trauma, cancer, or chronic disease processes. Anatomical features of the lower third of the leg like subcutaneous bone surrounded by tendons with no muscles and vessels in isolated compartments with little intercommunication between them make the coverage of the wounds in the region a challenging problem.

Aim:

to study the various modalities of surgical management of lower 1/3rd leg defects. The study also aims to study the defect size and region in planning various flaps possible in the reconstruction ladder.

Methods:

The study was conducted from September 2014 to June 2017 on patients admitted to the Department of Burns, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery and referred patients from the Department of General Surgery & Orthopaedic Surgery, S C B Medical College & Hospital, Cuttack. The Study includes all lower 3rd Leg defect varieties for different surgical treatment modalities.

Results:

Various reconstructive methods were used to cover the lower 1/3rdleg defects; the maximum was the free muscle transfer in 9 cases. The following typical flap used was the reverse sural flap.

Conclusion:

The goal in lower limb reconstruction involves needing a stable skeleton, allowing weight-bearing status, with adequate soft tissue coverage to nourish and protect the underlying bone. What one would use for reconstruction depends upon the surgeon’s familiarity and comfort levels with the technique as much as the various circumstances.
Low Platelet Count Analysis as a Prognostic Indicator in Pregnancy-induced Hypertension
Authors: Ashraf Nazima , Khanyari Insha Jan , Saldanha Cimona Lyn , Geelani Sajad , Parvez Tabassum , Shera Faiz Altaf
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Hypertension is one of the serious complications of pregnancy which virtually affects all maternal organs such as the liver, kidney, brain, and placenta. Changes in the hemostatic system are observed in normal and hypertensive patients. The frequency and intensity of maternal thrombocytopenia vary and are dependent on the intensity of the disease process and duration of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) syndrome. In general, the lower the platelet counts, the higher the maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.

Aims and Objectives:

The aims and objectives of the study were to study the platelet counts in cases of PIH, compare the values with normotensive pregnant participants, and study the association between thrombocytopenia and fetomaternal outcome.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 226 patients were included in the study and were evaluated for their platelet count and fetomaternal outcome. The patients were divided into two groups, with each group comprising 113 patients, namely, Group I which included controls and Group II which included patients with PIH (subgroups: gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia). Platelet counts in all groups were charted, compared, and correlated with various maternal parameters such as age, gravidity, severity of hypertension, gestational age of termination, maternal complications, and hospital stay. Fetal parameters studied were intrauterine growth restriction, stillbirth, neonatal intensive care unit care, and intrauterine fetal demise.

Results:

Our study found that the mean platelet count decreases with the severity of gestational hypertension. Thus, the highest platelet count was seen in the control group (D), i.e., 1.67 lakh/mm3 and the lowest platelet count was seen in the eclamptic group, (C) i.e., 0.75 lakh/mm3. Pregnancies complicated by thrombocytopenia were terminated at an earlier gestation (35–37 weeks). Maternal complications such as postpartum hemorrhage (56.5%) and stitch line ooze (27.5%) were found to occur more in the thrombocytopenic group. The association between birth weight and thrombocytopenia was statistically significant in our study.

Conclusion:

Thrombocytopenia associated with PIH is a reliable prognostic indicator for the severity of hypertension as well as the associated maternal and fetal morbidity.
Comparison of a single-dose vectored thermal pulsation procedure with 5-day course of daily oral azithromycin for meibomian gland dysfunction
Authors: Kodavoor Shreesha Kumar , Jayashri M. , Patekar Komal Bhimrao , Ramamurthy Shreyas , Sachdev Gitansha
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE:

This study aims at comparing the efficacy of a single-dose vectored thermal pulsation (VTP) procedure versus 5 days once daily oral azithromycin in patients with meibomian gland disease (MGD) by measuring the symptomatology and ocular surface parameters.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study was conducted as a prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study over a period of 17 months at a tertiary care center. In this study, 60 patients with MGD were enrolled after they gave their informed consent according to the inclusion–exclusion criteria and were divided into two groups, 30 each in the azithromycin group and the VTP, i.e., the LipiFlow group. One group was treated with oral azithromycin for 5 days and the other group was given LipiFlow treatment. Postprocedure, follow-up was done for 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months.

RESULTS:

A statistically significant difference was noted in the score Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness questionnaire after 3 months of treatment in both the azithromycin and LipiFlow group (P< 0.0001), and the LipiFlow group showed sustained improvement at 6-month follow-up as score improved to 8.83 ± 2.32, whereas it deteriorated in azithromycin group to 13.77 ± 1.65. Pretreatment Ocular Surface Disease Index score (P= 0.126) and posttreatment (P< 0.0001) showed significant differences in both groups. The LipiFlow group showed an improved score of 25.65 ± 6.11 after 6 months of treatment, whereas it deteriorated to 34.79 ± 4.98 in the azithromycin group. Pretreatment, tear film break-up time (P= 0.28) and 6 months posttreatment score (P< 0.0001) showed significant differences in both groups, but in the LipiFlow group, it improved to 15.30 ± 1.76 after 6 months, whereas in the azithromycin group, it was 10.07 ± 1.60. The pretreatment MG score was 4.10 ± 0.99 and 4.23 ± 1.07 (P= 0.62) in the azithromycin and LipiFlow group, respectively. After 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months, the MG score was 24.20 ± 3.38, 21.67 ± 3.46, and 15.83 ± 2.41, respectively, in azithromycin group. In the LipiFlow group, the score was 13 ± 1.88, 14.27 ± 2.07, and 14.37 ± 1.85 at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively, suggestive of improvement in all visits.

CONCLUSION:

Both oral azithromycin and LipiFlow treatment are effective in patients with MGD. The effect of LipiFlow treatment lasted longer as compared to azithromycin. The efficacy of azithromycin in resolving the symptoms of MGD was greater compared to LipiFlow in the initial 2 weeks of treatment. However, the effect deteriorated in the subsequent follow-up at 3 months and 6 months.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice about red eye among the general population visiting a tertiary care hospital in rural setting, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Arunachalam Muthusundari , Devadas Bravian Samvict , Saravanakumar P. , Premnath Gnaneswaran , Bravian Shinisha Paul
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Red eye is a common symptom in patients visiting the ophthalmology outpatient department (OPD). However, not all with red eye are due to infection and some can be threatening to visual loss. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among the general public regarding red eye attending a tertiary care hospital, Tamil Nadu.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was conducted after approval by the institutional ethics review board among 500 patients >18 years attending general OPD excluding ophthalmology in tertiary hospital and research institute, Tamil Nadu, from January 2022 to April 2022. After informed consent, a semi-structured questionnaire with details of KAP on red eye was used and analyzed with descriptive statistics and Chi-square test using SPSS version 16.

RESULTS:

Among the 500 participants, one-third were >60 years, 58%-females. Only 15.6% had awareness on red eye, 12.6% were aware of serious side effects while <10% knew the complication of red eye such as visual loss can follow if left untreated. Among those aware, 63% reported infection as the most common cause, followed by injury and allergy. Source of awareness was from past experience in the majority of the patients, followed by mass media and doctors. Only 12.4% had a positive attitude while 14.2% had good practice of seeking medical attention. Harmful practices such as instilling breast milk and instilling over-counter drops were highly prevalent. The major determinants of awareness were younger age, literacy, and health education given by health personnel (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Awareness about red eye, attitude, and practice among the general population in rural settings in Tamil Nadu are still poor. The need of the hour is for health education on red eye and management to prevent morbidity and loss of vision in the community at all levels of health care.
Manifestations of coronavirus infection disease-19 in anterior eye segment: An up-to-date review
Authors: Marzoog Basheer Abdullah
Published: February 2024

Coronavirus infection disease-19 (COVID-19) is a worldwide catastrophic emergency that first appeared in late 2019, in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 is a multitropism disease that first affects lung tissue. However, extrapulmonary manifestations have been suspected from the first COVID-19 cases. The ocular signs and symptoms were from the early changes that occur during the course of the disease. Changes in the anterior eye segment have a relatively higher incidence than the posterior eye segment. Of which, conjunctivitis, COVID-19 pharyngioceratoconjuctivitis, iridocyclitis, corneal punctate epitheliopathy, and pathomorphological changes in the physio-anatomy of the anterior eye segment. The potential pathogenesis includes direct penetration of the virus into the eye (conjunctiva, lumbus, and cornea) or due to a systemic pathway through viremia, as well as due to autoimmune antibodies against the ocular structure (immune privilege). The presence of ocular manifestations of the external anterior fibrous layer suggests a mild course of the disease.
Pseudophakic reverse pupillary block after implantation of a single-piece foldable intraocular lens in the capsular bag: Case report and literature review
Authors: Abushanab Mokhtar Mohamed , Solyman Omar , Sakr Ahmed Abd El Samee , Serhan Hashem Abu
Published: February 2024

Reverse pupillary block with intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation after cataract surgery with in-the-bag implantation of intraocular lens (IOL) is considered a very rare complication. We report the case of a 47-year-old female patient with bilateral high axial myopia and posterior staphyloma presented with left acute loss of vision and eye pain, headache, and vomiting 2 weeks after uneventful presenile cataract surgery with single-piece IOL implantation in the capsular bag 1 month and 2 weeks in the right and left eyes, respectively. Gonioscopy showed extremely wide angle in all quadrants compared to the other eye with Spaeth classification of E 60c + 2 (14). Ultrasound biomicroscopy of the left eye showed epithelial corneal edema, 4.56 mm-deep anterior chamber, abnormal iris configuration with posterior concavity, and angle opening ranging between 60° and 74°, with unremarkable posterior chamber IOL and ciliary body. We managed the patient with topical antiglaucoma medications and laser peripheral iridotomy. IOP returned to normal levels. The patient was followed for 12 consecutive months. Elevated IOP from the reverse pupillary block is a rare postoperative complication of cataract surgery. It was initially described in association with the ciliary sulcus implanted IOL. Elevated IOP from the reverse pupillary block was then reported associated with scleral sutured IOLs and Yamane technique, and most recently with in-the-bag implanted 3-piece-IOL. Herein, we report the first case of pseudophakic reverse pupillary block in association with in-the-bag implanted single-piece foldable acrylic IOL.
Quality of life improvement in dry eye patients after intense pulsed light therapy compared to punctal plugs
Authors: Elbakary Molham A. , Shalaby Osama E. , Allam Waleed A. , Alagorie Ahmed R. , Shafik Heba M.
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) improvement in evaporative dry eye patients after treatment with intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy compared to punctal plug insertion.

METHODS:

A prospective comparative interventional study included 30 patients with moderate-to-severe evaporative dry eye. Patients’ QOL affection before and after treatment was assessed by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Fifteen patients were treated with IPL therapy (Group 1). The other 15 patients were treated with silicone punctal plug insertion (Group 2).

RESULTS:

Improvement of patients’ QOL was noticed in all patients of Group 1, with significant improvement of OSDI score from a mean value of 56.9 to 22.9 (P = 0.001). Improvement was noticed in 80% of Group 2 patients (mean OSDI score pretreatment: 53.8 and posttreatment: 31.7, P = 0.017). The tear breakup time (TBUT) in Group 1 significantly improved from a mean of 3.2 s to 5.9 s (P = 0.001), whereas it showed no significant changes in Group 2 (mean TBUT pretreatment: 3.6 s and posttreatment: 3.9 s, P = 0.654). Complications occurred in 13.3% in Group 2, including punctal granuloma and proximal canalicular obstruction. No adverse effects were recorded in Group 1.

CONCLUSION:

IPL therapy had better results with more improvement of patients’ QOL compared to punctal plugs. It also showed a better safety profile with no reported complications.
Nummular keratitis: A rare manifestation of brimonidine allergy
Authors: Al Asmi Maitha , Al Busaidi Aisha
Published: February 2024

A 32-year-old male, with juvenile open-angle glaucoma on chronic antiglaucoma therapy and recently introduced brimonidine eye drops to the treatment regimen, developed bilateral follicular conjunctivitis with subepithelial infiltrates (SEIs) initially resembling common infectious keratoconjunctivitis entities. The persistent nature of the conjunctivitis, the lack of positive conjunctival cultures, the absence of systemic symptoms, the full resolution of the condition upon discontinuation of antiglaucoma drops, and the commencement of topical steroids, along with the reappearance of SEIs upon reintroducing brimonidine; suggested an immune-mediated drug reaction secondary to a Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) preserved brimonidine tartrate 0.2% formulation. The interval between the initiation of brimonidine and the onset of the drug reaction was 13 months and shortened to 1 week upon re-exposure to the drug. The condition fully resolved without further sequelae off brimonidine. Brimonidine is notoriously known for causing ocular allergic reactions, the most common being follicular conjunctivitis, but very few reports exist describing its adverse effects on the cornea. This case highlights that brimonidine may directly or indirectly induce an immune reaction affecting the cornea in the form of SEIs. Brimonidine is, thus, capable of mimicking more commonly recognized infectious disease entities causing keratoconjunctivitis. This is the second report of a similar manifestation linked to its use.
Normal diameter of the optic nerve using magnetic resonance imaging: A retrospective Nigerian study
Authors: Ominde Beryl S. , Abadom Gloria E. , Ikubor Joyce E. , Achapu Lawrence C. , Enakpoya Princess O. , Igbigbi Patrick S.
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE:

The variations in the diameter of the optic nerve (ON) are important clinically in the diagnosis of conditions associated with the ON such as raised intracranial pressure, meningioma, optic neuritis, and Grave’s orbitopathy. This study determined the normal diameters of the ON in adult Nigerians seen in a Hospital in Delta State.

METHODS:

Axial T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging images of 150 patients (75 males and 75 females) aged ≥20 years were retrieved from the hospital’s radiological database and retrospectively used to evaluate the diameter of the ON on axial and coronal sections. The data were analyzed and summarized using descriptive statistics. The mean diameters were compared based on gender, side, and age groups and correlated with age using inferential statistics. The significance level was considered at 5%.

RESULTS:

The diameter of the ON measured 0.45 ± 0.07 cm on the coronal section, besides 0.50 ± 0.07 cm, and 0.46 ± 0.06 cm at 0.3 cm and 0.8 cm from the posterior pole of the globe, respectively, on the axial slices. The diameters were significantly larger in males than in females (P < 0.05) and were symmetrical. However, they lacked significant association with age (P > 0.05). The three diameters measured had a significant positive correlation with each other (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

The study provides a normal range of ON diameter in the study center to aid in the diagnosis of raised intracranial pressure and pathologies involving the nerve and its sheath.
Subscleral trabeculectomy with Ologen implant versus mitomycin C in primary infantile glaucoma
Authors: Kassem Rehab R. , Esmael Amanne F.
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of subscleral trabeculectomy (SST) augmented with mitomycin C (MMC) versus Ologen implant as secondary procedures for treatment of primary congenital glaucoma.

METHODS:

This is a retrospective study evaluating records of 38 eyes that had undergone SST with MMC (Group M, 17 eyes) versus Ologen (Group O, 21 eyes) by the authors of the study. The study primary endpoint was set at 5–9 months postoperatively, and the secondary endpoint was the last follow-up. A successful outcome was an intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤18 mmHg for infants <1 year and ≤20 mmHg for older ones.

RESULTS:

The follow-up duration was 1.25–51 (26.79 ± 27.583) months in Group M and 0.25–103 (22.86 ± 28.991) months in Group O (P = 0.673). The mean preoperative IOP was 28.06 ± 3.929 in Group M and 26.95 ± 6.095 in Group O (P = 0.522). A reduction of IOP was significant in Group M at all follow-up visits but starting at the 4th postoperative month in Group O. Recorded IOP in Groups M and O, respectively, was 14.9 ± 6.437 and 12.1 ± 5.043 at the primary endpoint and 22.35 ± 8.536 and 22.52 ± 10.152 (P > 0.05) at the secondary endpoint. A successful outcome was achieved in Groups M and O, respectively, in 47.1% and 47.6% at the primary endpoint and in 47.1% and 52.4% at the secondary endpoint (P > 0.05). Cataract, posterior synechiae, and pupillary abnormalities were insignificantly different in both the groups (P = 0.623).

CONCLUSION:

Ologen implant was comparable to MMC in terms of efficacy and safety. Reoperations are inadvisable before 4 months of Ologen implants.
Childhood amblyopia: A systematic review of recent management options
Authors: Alrasheed Saif H. , Aldakhil Sulaiman
Published: February 2024

This study reviews the current information on treatment of childhood amblyopia, with the goal of improving visual functions. The authors searched various online databases including PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, Scopus, Google Scholar, Ebsco, and Medline. The articles, published between 2002 and 2023, included in this study were used to assess the different modalities for the management of different types of childhood amblyopia. The final systematic review included 41 studies from different countries, covering 4060 children with a mean age 6.8 ± 124 years. The findings showed that childhood amblyopia commonly treated through a systemic approach, i.e., starting with treatment of refractive errors with given optical adaptation time, followed by visually stimulating amblyopic eye by covering the dominant eye with patching, Atropine or Bangerter filters. Refractive adaptation period of 18–22 weeks has proven to show a significant improvement in visual acuity. It has been confirmed that 2 h patching is effective for the first time treated amblyopes, and if there is no improvement, increase the period to 6 h daily. Novel methods that improve binocular function such as dichoptic, perceptual training, video gaming, and drugs that facilitate visual neuroplasticity, are useful in the treatment of amblyopia that is not responsive to conventional therapy. The study concludes that significant evidence show that childhood amblyopia is treated through a systemic approach. Starting from correcting refractive errors with a period of optical adaptation, followed by patching therapy and atropine penalization. New methods that improve the binocular functions and medications that facilitate visual neuroplasticity have found to be useful in the treatment of amblyopia that is not responsive to conventional treatment.
Adverse reactions of cycloplegic and mydriatic eye drops in routine ophthalmologic examination of pediatric patients in Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study and survey of pediatric ophthalmologists
Authors: Aldamri Aljawhara , AlKhaldi Saleh A. , Alshuhayb Bayan S. , Almutairi Reem T.
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study was to explore the side effects of using cycloplegic eye drops at ophthalmology clinics at King Saud Medical City (KSMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Moreover, to have an insight into physicians’ attitude towards the management of these side effects.

METHODS:

A retrospective cross-sectional study where medical records of pediatric patients who attended ophthalmology clinics at KSMC. Subjects were selected after reviewing their files and based on their reaction to the ocular drops. In addition, the response of ophthalmologists was obtained through a questionnaire distributed through electronic channels.

RESULTS:

A total of 111 patients’ medical records were included in this study. The most reported cycloplegic agents that caused side effects were cyclopentolate 1%, tropicamide 1%, and phenylephrine 2.5%. Fifty-three percentage of physicians reported that changing their way of administering cycloplegic drops in practice plays a role in reducing some side effects. The most reported side effects of using cycloplegic eye drops were facial flushing 68%, followed by fever 46%, and irritability 38% of cases. Few children who experienced side effects needed medical intervention.

CONCLUSION:

Side effects caused by cycloplegic agents are usually mild and rarely severe. There are some systemic side effects such as hallucinations, psychosis, or seizures. Proper parental counseling before administering cycloplegic agents and proper clinical management in case of severe side effects is crucial. Prophylactic measures to reduce the incidence of these side effects are advisable.
UGGNet: Bridging U-Net and VGG for Advanced Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Minh Tran Cao , Quoc Nguyen Kim , Vinh Phan Cong , Phu Dang Nhu , Chi Vuong Xuan , Tan Ha Minh
Published: February 2024

In the field of medical imaging, breast ultrasound has emerged as a crucial diagnostic tool for early detection of breast cancer. However, the accuracy of diagnosing the location of the affected area and the extent of the disease depends on the experience of the physician. In this paper, we propose a novel model called UGGNet, combining the power of the U-Net and VGG architectures to enhance the performance of breast ultrasound image analysis. The U-Net component of the model helps accurately segment the lesions, while the VGG component utilizes deep convolutional layers to extract features. The fusion of these two architectures in UGGNet aims to optimize both segmentation and feature representation, providing a comprehensive solution for accurate diagnosis in breast ultrasound images. Experimental results have demonstrated that the UGGNet model achieves a notable accuracy of 78.2\% on the "Breast Ultrasound Images Dataset."
Deep Learning-Based Traffic Accident Prediction: An Investigative Study for Enhanced Road Safety
Authors: M Girija , V Divya
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION: Traffic accidents cause enormous loss of life as well as property, which is a global concern. Effective accident prediction is essential for raising road safety and reducing the effects of accidents. To increase traffic safety, a deep learning-based technique for predicting accidents was developed in this research study.
OBJECTIVES: It gathers a large amount of data on elements including weather, road features, volume of traffic, and past accident reports. The dataset goes through pre-processing, such as normalization, to ensure that the scales of the input characteristics are uniform. Normalizing the gathered dataset ensures consistent scaling for the input features during the data processing step. This process enables efficient model training and precise forecasting. In order to track and examine the movement patterns of automobiles, people, and other relevant entities, real-time tracking and monitoring technologies, such as the deep sort algorithm, are also employed.
METHODS: The model develops a thorough grasp of the traffic situation by incorporating this tracking data with the dataset.  Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), in particular, are utilized in this research for feature extraction and prediction. CNNs capture crucial road characteristics by extracting spatial features from images or spatial data. With its insights into improved road safety, this study advances the prediction of traffic accidents.
RESULTS: A safer transport infrastructure could result from the developed deep learning-based strategy, which has the potential to enable pre-emptive interventions, enhance traffic management, and eventually reduce the frequency and severity of traffic accidents.
CONCLUSION: The proposed CNN demonstrates superior accuracy when compared to the existing method.
Gaming using different hand gestures using artificial neural network
Authors: S Prema , Deena G , D Hemalatha , K B Aruna , S Hashini
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION: Gaming has evolved over the years, and one of the exciting developments in the industry is the integration of hand gesture recognition. OBJECTIVES: This paper proposes gaming using different hand gestures using Artificial Neural Networks which allows players to interact with games using natural hand movements, providing a more immersive and intuitive gaming experience. METHODS: Introduces two modules: recognition and analysis of gestures. The gesture recognition module identifies the gestures, and the analysis module assesses them to execute game controls based on the calculated analysis. RESULTS: The main results obtained in this paper are enhanced accessibility, higher accuracy and improved performance. CONCLUSION: To communicate with any of the traditional systems, physical contact is necessary. In the hand gesture recognition system, the same functionality can be interpreted by gestures without requiring physical contact with the interfaced devices.
The Use of Antipsychotics in Long-term Care: A Complicated Relationship
Authors: Leffler Rob
Published: February 2024

The author reflects on the use of antipsychotics in skilled nursing facilities and the complications that the CMS Quality Measures place on patients who may need antipsychotics, if used appropriately.
Effect of Urbanization Development on Coral Reef at Marsa Alam Coast, Southern Egyptian Red Sea
Authors: Ghallab Ahmed
Published: February 2024

assessment and distribution of coral reefs were studied in three sites in front of Marsa Alam city, Red Sea, Egypt These sites were surveyed mainly for the sensitivity of coral reefs to tourism activities. The survey was conducted using diving equipment throughout the period 2020-2022. line intercepted transect method was used to determined corals and other benthic fauna percentage cover. The results of the current study revealed a significant degradation in the quality of coral reefs in all studied sites, compared to other studies in the Red Sea. While the percentage of live coral cover ranged from 55% in site 1 to 67.6% in site 3 Coral reefs in the studied sites are characterized by higher degraded reefs above the 2 m and 5 m depth zone. Dead coral coverage was 27.8%, 22.9% and 20.6% at sites 1, 2 and 3, respectively. However, the Newly broken colonies were highest at site 1 (2.7%) than at sites 2 (1.4 %) and site 3 (0.9 %). Shannon diversity index H` are all less than 0.70 ranging from 0.65 site 1 to 0.67 at site 3; however, Shannon evenness index J` is in the range between 0.5 site 1 and 0.8 at site 3. Berger-Parker dominance d represents higher variations between sites ranging from 0.25 at site 1 to 0.3 at site 3. Simpson diversity D has lower values ranging from 0.13 at site 1 and Canyon to 0.14 at sites 1 & 2. Margalef diversity M has higher values of diversity but in contrast to other indices, it is lowest in site 1 (0.13) and highest in sites 2 & 3 (0.14). Although Mackintosh diversity D and Mackintosh evenness index E has values lower than those of Margalef, they have a similar variation between sites having lowest values in site 1 and highest value in site 3. Mackintosh D and Mackintosh E are grouped together having the highest % similarity (97.13%), followed by Shannon H` and Shannon J` which are grouped together (92.29%). However, Simpson D and Berger-Parker are grouped together having a % similarity of 71.23%, finally Margalef index is separated in one group having the lowest % similarity with other groups. Values of indices for richness in general are lowest where the study sites recorded a recent damage. There are some variances in variety between sites in this study, which can be explained by the varying pressures that the sites are subjected to (Boumeester 2005). Site 3 is considered as the healthiest site (based on Shannon species diversity H`) while site 1 is the least healthiest of all
Current knowledge for the risk factors of early permanent pacemaker implantation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement and what is next for the primary prevention?
Authors: Lin Gen-Min , Huang Wei-Chun , Han Chih-Lu
Published: February 2024

In this editorial, we comprehensively summarized the preoperative risk factors of early permanent pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) among patients with severe aortic stenosis from several renowned clinical studies and focused on the primary prevention of managing the modifiable factors, e.g. , paroxysmal atrial fibrillation before the TAVR.
Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms: an overview
Authors: Dr. Benaissa Brahim  , Kobayashi Masakazu , Al Ali Musaddiq , Khatir Tawfiq , Elaissaoui Elmeliani Mohamed El Amine
Published: February 2024

Metaheuristic optimization algorithms are known for their versatility and adaptability, making them effective tools for solving a wide range of complex optimization problems. They don't rely on specific problem types, gradients, and can explore globally while handling multi-objective optimization. They strike a balance between exploration and exploitation, contributing to advancements in optimization. However, it's important to note their limitations, including the lack of a guaranteed global optimum, varying convergence rates, and their somewhat opaque functioning. In contrast, metaphor-based optimization algorithms, while intuitively appealing, have faced controversy due to potential oversimplification and unrealistic expectations. Despite these considerations, metaheuristic algorithms continue to be widely used for tackling complex problems. This research paper aims to explore the fundamental components and concepts that underlie optimization algorithms, focusing on the use of search references and the delicate balance between exploration and exploitation. Visual representations of the search behavior of selected metaheuristic algorithms will also be provided.
Robustness of the Data-Driven Identification algorithm with incomplete input data
Authors: Dalémat Marie , Coret Michel , Leygue Adrien , Verron Erwan
Published: February 2024

Identifying the mechanical response of a material without presupposing any constitutive equation is possible thanks to the Data-Driven Identification algorithm developed by the authors. It allows to measure stresses from displacement fields and forces applied to a given structure; the peculiarity of the technique is the absence of underlying constitutive equation. In the case of real experiments, the algorithm has been successfully applied on a perforated elastomer sheet deformed under large strain. Displacements are gathered with Digital Image Correlation and net forces with a load cell. However, those real data are incomplete for two reasons: some displacement values, close to the edges or in a noise-affected area, are missing and the force information is incomplete with respect to the original DDI algorithm requirements. The present study proves that with appropriate data handling, stress fields can be identified in a robust manner. The solution relies on recovering those missing data in a way that no assumption, except the balance of linear momentum, has to be made. The influence of input parameters of the method is also discussed. The overall study is conducted on synthetic data: perfect and incomplete data are used to prove robustness of the proposed solutions. Therefore, the paper can be considered as a practical guide for implementing the DDI method.

L'identification de la réponse mécanique d'un matériau sans présupposer d'équation constitutive est possible grâce à l'algorithme Data-Driven Identification développé par les auteurs. Il permet de mesurer les contraintes à partir des champs de déplacement et des forces appliquées à une structure donnée ; la particularité de la technique est l'absence d'équation constitutive sous-jacente. Dans le cas d'expériences réelles, l'algorithme a été appliqué avec succès sur une feuille d'élastomère perforée déformée sous une grande contrainte. Les déplacements sont recueillis par corrélation d'images numériques et les forces nettes à l'aide d'une cellule de charge. Cependant, ces données réelles sont incomplètes pour deux raisons : certaines valeurs de déplacement, près des bords ou dans une zone affectée par le bruit, sont manquantes et les informations sur les forces sont incomplètes par rapport aux exigences de l'algorithme DDI d'origine. La présente étude prouve qu'avec un traitement approprié des données, les champs de contrainte peuvent être identifiés de manière robuste. La solution repose sur la récupération des données manquantes de manière à ce qu'aucune hypothèse, à l'exception de l'équilibre de la quantité de mouvement linéaire, ne doive être faite. L'influence des paramètres d'entrée de la méthode est également discutée. L'étude globale est menée sur des données synthétiques : des données parfaites et incomplètes sont utilisées pour prouver la robustesse des solutions proposées. Par conséquent, le document peut être considéré comme un guide pratique pour la mise en œuvre de la méthode DDI.
Nilai-Nilai Tradisi Rabas Sowan di Bulan Ramadhan Pada Masyarakat Desa Talapao Kecamatan Malifut Perspektif Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Abdullah Rofandi T H. , Buamona Nurmala , Kamaluddin Nurain
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji (1). Bagaimana tata cara Rabas Sowan pada  masyarakat Desa Talapao Kecamatan Malifut; (2). Bagaimana nilai-nilai tradisi Rabas Sowan di bulan ramadhan pada masyarakat Desa Talapao dalam prespektif  pendidikan Islam; (3). Bagaimana hikmah yang terkandung dalam tradisi Rabas Sowan di bulan ramadhan pada masyarakat Desa Talapao Kecamatan Malifut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang proses penilaianya menghasilkan data deskriptif yaitu berupa data tertulis dari orang dan perilaku yang dapat di amati, jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada dua yaitu data primer dan data sekunder, data yang berasal dari sumber pertama atau di ambil secara langsung  dan data yang tidak langsung, pada sumbernya atau melalui orang lain, dokumentasi dan catatan tertulisdan yang relevan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut (1).tata cara dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan Rabas Sowan, dimulai dari menyiapkan bahan-bahan yang diperlukan,seperti,pohon pisang,tebuh, tulang daun kelapa, kertas minyak, balon, ketupat dan kue andara (kue tradisional), kemudian dihias dijadikan pohon Sowan, setelah itu dirabas (rampas) tepat jam 18:00 (2). Nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam yang ditemukan dalam tradisi Rabas Sowan seperti nilai pendidikan syariah pada kegiatan sedekah dan doa, nilai pendidikan akhlak ditemukan pada seluruh rangkaian kegiatan, karena sesuai dengan tujuan pendidikan akhlak, jika dilihat dari aspek  nilai pendidikan aqidah, maka tidak di temukan sesuatu hal yang menyimpang dari tradisi Rabas Sowan ini, dalam hal ini boleh boleh saja dilakukan selama tidak bertentangan denga Al-Qur’an dan Hadits.(3).hikmah yang terkandung didalamnya; (1) Anak-anak dapat mengetahui malam ke 27 Ramadhan adalah malam lailatul qadar (malam pancona, (2).Anak dibawah umur sudah bisah berpuasa, (3). Akhlak anak mulai tertanam dalam diri, (5). Mengajarkan smangat dan pentingnya berjuang dalam mengejar mimpi, (6). anak dapat mengetahui pentingnya bersedekah, (7). Dapat menjalin silaturahmi antara sesama umat Muslim.
Evidence-based educational algorithm “Anki” for optimization of medical education
Authors: Goldman Matthew
Published: February 2024

Anki is an open-sourced educational platform that utilizes a spaced repetition-based algorithm for information retention. This application has become increasingly popular among medical students and residents over recent years. The aim of this review was to describe this novel education technique, provide reasons for its adoption, and summarize the available literature regarding the efficacy of this method. With the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the medical education paradigm has undergone dynamic shifts. With self-learning independent of lectures on the rise prior to the pandemic, COVID-19 served as a catalyst to increase Anki popularity. The all-encompassing, free of charge, and open-sourced structure of Anki was an ideal fit during times of isolated study. This review will allow current residents and medical students to recognize advantages of this evidence-proven study techniques to increase learning efficacy. A systemic review of papers across all medical journals available on PubMed was conducted to identify studies published without time constraints. The search was for (Anki) and (spaced repetition residency). Available outcome data was summarized and discussed for residents and medical students independently. We found that Anki use has steadily increased among both medical students and residents. The application was regarded highly by users when surveyed. Many studies showed a statistically significant increase in exam performance associated with Anki use and high levels of satisfaction among residents and medical students. As burnout and time constrictions threaten educational workflow, Anki may serve as a powerful tool to improve the quality of learning. Further data needs to be collected and analyzed in residency specialties where Anki use may already exist but be underreported. Additionally, research is warranted to provide more high-quality evidence of Anki’s efficacy among medical students. Further research can be used to promote adoption of this technique among medical students and pre-meds early in their careers.
Microbial sensor devices for electrochemical assessment of the metabolism of fusaric acid in microbial cells
Authors: Emelyanova Elena
Published: February 2024

A reactor microbial sensor device and a membrane microbial sensor device are low-cost and convenient analytical tools, which are useful for assessment of constitutiveness and inducibility of enzyme systems for transport and initial metabolism of substrate in microbial cells. By means of these devices, it was shown for fusaric acid (5-butilpicolinic acid) and Bacillus subtilis cells that an inducible protein-transporter system without enzyme system of initial metabolism of fusaric acid exists in cells of Bacillus subtilis.
CHARACTERIZATION OF 3D PRINTED CONDUCTIVE FLEXIBLE MATERIALS FOR SOFT ROBOTIC APPLICATIONS
Authors: Arslan Ozan , Selvi Özgün , Totuk Onat Halis
Published: February 2024

Soft robots composed of compliant and flexible materials can safely interact with humans and adapt to unstructured environments. However, integrating sensors, actuators, and control circuits into soft structures remains challenging. Additive manufacturing shows promise for fabricating soft robots with embedded electronics using conductive flexible composites. Nevertheless, there is still a limited understanding of the electromechanical behavior of 3D-printed conductive structures when subjected to the types of strains relevant to soft robotics applications. Optimized design requires characterizing the interplay between a soft component's changing shape and electrical properties during deformation. This study investigates the application of 3D printing technology to fabricate various geometries using a conductive, flexible material for soft robotic applications. The primary objective is to understand and characterize the behavior of differently shaped 3D-printed conductive materials under various mechanical stresses. Two distinct test setups are designed for conducting bending and tensile tests on the produced materials. Diverse geometries are printed using the conductive flexible material with desirable mechanical and electrical properties to employ tensile and bending tests. The experiments reveal a direct correlation between shape change and electrical resistance of the 3D printed materials, providing valuable insights into their adaptability for soft robotics. According to numerical results, honeycomb profiles are found to be the most linear and stable profile type. This research not only contributes to the field of flexible conductive materials but also lays the foundation for integrating these materials into future engineering designs, potentially enabling the development of highly responsive and adaptable devices for various industries.
ASPECTOS ÉTICOS NO TRATAMENTO PSICOLÓGICO DE MINORIAS
Authors: Nascimento Francisco Aramis Teixeira do
Published: February 2024

O estudo aborda os desafios éticos no tratamento psicológico de mulheres trans no Brasil, considerando nuances culturais, sociais e profissionais para garantir práticas inclusivas, respeitar a individualidade e promover a saúde mental de forma ética e reflexiva. A pesquisa adotou a Revisão Integrativa, analisando dissertações e artigos entre 2012 e 2023. Destaca-se a importância da formação ética para profissionais, refletindo sobre políticas públicas e desconstrução de estigmas. A literatura revisada, incluindo estudos sobre vivências e desafios éticos, contribui para compreender a complexidade do tratamento psicológico de mulheres trans. A construção da identidade de gênero e reflexões sobre ética profissional são essenciais, ressaltando a adaptação da prática ética às mudanças sociais e políticas. A pesquisa evidencia a necessidade de uma abordagem ética e inclusiva, indo além dos códigos éticos, com formação contínua, reflexão sobre políticas e sensibilidade às nuances sociais e culturais.
Air Termination Of Lightning Protection For The Buildings Which Containing Solid Flammable Materials
Authors: Kurniawan Sandi Budi , Purwanto Sugeng , Nursitao Ersalia Dewi
Published: February 2024

Damage to facilities and equipment in a building is mostly caused by lightning strikes so the installation of lightning rods is necessary to improve the protection of a building or building as a whole, both for the common good and for the government, so that various equipment and production activities that use various flammable materials (in the form of ) solid, liquid and gas) inside and around the building can be properly protected. Of the several existing lightning protection systems (LPS), this study uses a conventional type (franklin rod) as a LPS in factory buildings. From the results of this study, it can be stated that level IV protection of LPS is needed and multiply the number of lightning protection rods where a minimum of 4 rods for 1 building roof
Deficiências primárias do sistema complemento e seus mimetizadores: vasculite urticária hipocomplementêmica e glomerulopatias C3
Authors: Biegelmeyer Erika , Dantas João Gabriel Athayde de Oliveira
Published: February 2024

As deficiências do complemento, por comprometerem a remoção de imunocomplexos, podem estar associadas à formação de doenças autoimunes semelhantes ao lúpus, assim como outras doenças por deposição de imunocomplexos. Por outro lado, algumas doenças autoimunes podem mimetizar deficiências de complemento, ao transformar componentes do complemento em alvos de autoanticorpos. No caso do envolvimento de componentes da via clássica, destaca-se a síndrome vasculite urticariforme hipocomplementêmica (SVUH), conhecida como síndrome anti-C1q. Já na via alternativa, é relevante mencionar as glomerulopatias por C3, em que se inclui a doença de depósitos densos (DDD).

Unitermos: síndrome vasculite urticariforme hipocomplementêmica; síndrome anti-C1q; doença de depósitos densos (DDD); glomerulopatia por C3; mimetizadores de deficiência do complemento.
Policondrite recidivante e síndrome VEXAS: como esses caminhos se cruzam?
Authors: Franco André Silva , Echauri Carlos Emilio Insfrán , Shinjo Samuel Katsuyuki
Published: February 2024

A policondrite recidivante é uma doença autoimune sistêmica rara caracterizada por crises recorrentes de inflamação de tecidos cartilaginosos e/ou ricos em proteoglicanos. Acomete ambos os sexos, com pico entre 45 e 55 anos de idade. As manifestações clínicas incluem sintomas constitucionais, condrite auricular e nasal, além de acometimento articular, dermatológico, ocular, cardiorrespiratório. A síndrome VEXAS (vacuoles, enzyme E1, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) é, por sua vez, uma doença autoinflamatória adquirida, definida primeiramente em 2020. Acomete principalmente o sexo masculino, com pico após os 50 anos de idade. Apresenta várias manifestações clínicas semelhantes às descritas na policondrite recidivante. É nesse contexto que, no presente artigo, objetivamos descrever e revisar cada uma dessas doenças e, posteriormente, realizar uma comparação clinicolaboratorial entre elas.

Unitermos: doença autoimune; doença autoinflamatória; policondrite recidivante; síndrome VEXAS.