bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Nawa Natya and Servant Leadership in Relevance Modern Leadership
Authors: Parta Ida Bagus Made Wisnu , Suarka I Nyoman , Cika I Wayan , Suastika Made
Published: August 2021

Leadership is a broader definition than power because leadership is an effort to influence people, not just doing what the leader wants, but to achieve the government or organization's goals or objectives. Thus, Nawa Natya and servant leadership concepts are used as guidelines to become a good and exemplary leader. The concept of Nawa Natya and servant leadership aims to improve the quality of a leader who excels in leading a government or organization to survive and compete in the future. Based on several leadership types, the type of leadership that is autocratic and democratic is beneficial in being applied in government and organizations. The type of leadership works hard and thoroughly and can work together to advance the government and organization according to the expected goals and objectives. Nawa Natya concept is very relevant to apply when governing the kingdom. The concept of servant leadership is relevant to managing government, organization, or company. Everyone who serves is not always a subordinate or servant, but with the concept of Nawa Natya and servant leadership, everyone must have a service spirit. Moreover, being a leader, having a firm and wise attitude, and having a leadership spirit to serve to get sympathy and support from subordinates and the community. Servant leadership realizes that he is in charge of serving to bring a group to grow better than before.
KONSEP KEBUTUHAN DAN KEDUDUKANNYA DALAM ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL
Authors: Soselisa Hobarth Williams
Published: August 2021

Suatu Tinjauan Deskriptif Terhadap Kebutuhan Sosial Masyarakat Maluku dan Tantangannya - (Needs Assessment Concept and its Role in Social Policy Analysis: A Descriptive Review on Maluku Community Social Needs and its Challenges).Needs assessment in policy analysis and challenges of Maluku community in the third millennium is determined by the following factors. First, the desired condition of a target population that needs post-conflict improvement. Second, supporting resources to serve as determinants in decision making process for post-conflict program analysis. In making a policy analysis of a target population, its need are determined by the size of geographical area. In target of policy analysis, needs assessment is the determinant of the social needs of Maluku people and how they move away from the current challenges in such a manner that they can finally make their own decisions. Considering the critical role of needs assessment mentioned above, the purpose of this article is to describe empirically the basic needs of the community in a certain condition, to analyze and plan program intervention. In the context of Maluku, the assessment is focused on 1) community basic social needs and 2) challenges for the Mollucans in the Third Millennium.
SISTEM PERINGATAN DINI UNTUK KONFLIK SOSIAL DI PERKOTAAN
Authors: Moehtadi Fathoni
Published: August 2021

Kajian Pendahuluan Pembuatan Peta Digital Kota Tangerang ( Early Warning System for Social Conflict in Cities) Studi to make Digital Map in tangerang City - Social conflict not merely happened at areas which initially are true identified as gristle area. Conflicts with different intensity also exist in the areas where there never happened over hundred years. To lessen possibility the happening of various broader social conflict and stress,early detection of social symptoms in society showing stress signals and conflict require to be gone through. This effort will be easier to conduct if there is a societal early warning system. With the existence of forewarning system, hence areas which tend to have crisis symptom and similar stress can be anticipated with certain actions to avoid. This method will be able to prevent broader conflict and stress acending.
KONSEP DASAR KEBERADAAN MASYARAKAT DAN TERBENTUKNYA INTEGRASI SOSIAL
Authors: Dewi Oetami
Published: August 2021

When I start to write this article, I believed that society could be existed while everyactors has their relation with others actors, since this happened we could say that the society give many interaction, consensus among the others. Like what Karl Marx, Weber, Durkheim pointed in their research in many areas, I just want to point that we canâ€™t avoid the conflict in every situation as conflict itselves bring many consensus among other actors. Functional Structural also said that in society it seems that conflict as an enemy, but in fact itâ€™s not appear as to clear like conflict describe the situation. Regarding this article, I would like to persue the readers to know deeply about what is society, conflict and the reason why in every society has appeared conflict and why we need social integration.Key word : Social integration, conflict, society.
MODEL PENANGANAN ANAK BERKONFLIK HUKUM
Authors: Wismayanti Yanuar Farida
Published: August 2021

Arrest, detention or doing an injustice serve the child of conducted by legalistic goinginto effect and can only done by as last effort. The Jail, although however remain to prison. Study the model to handling the children conflict with the law in Surabaya city, East Java Province, showing its important a approach being based on community. Community Care the Child push the participation of society to handling the problem of children conflict with the law. Besides that the network of Child helpline consisted of by the local Non Government Organization, police and also related/relevant institution, proven to push the existence of support and its role in the effort cure and protection for children conflict with the law.Key words : Model, children conflict with the law.
STUDI KASUS HUBUNGAN SOSIAL DALAM KOMUNITAS ORANG ACEH DI KECAMATAN JOHAR BARU, JAKARTA PUSAT
Authors: Jayaputra Achmadi
Published: August 2021

Tiap masyarakat yang berada di rantau selalu membentuk organisasi sosial dengan tujuan menyatukanbeberapa kelompok atau beberapa suku bangsa yang berasal dari daerah yang sama. Di KecamatanJohar Baru, Jakarta Pusat terdapat komunitas yang berasal dari daerah Aceh yaitu; orang Aceh dan orangGayo. Biasanya suku bangsa atau orang yang berasal dari daerah yang sama hubungan sosialnya lebihakrab. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data yaitu; wawancara dan pengamatan langsung.Berdasarkan hasil studi, hubungan sosial antara orang Aceh dan orang Gayo memiliki pola hubungan sosialyang berbeda.Kata kunci: studi, hubungan sosial, komunitas.
PERAN LEMBAGA REHABILITASI KUNCI DALAM PENANGANAN KORBAN PENYALAHGUNAAN NAPZA DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Sugiyanto Sugiyanto
Published: August 2021

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran lembaga Rehabilitasi Kunci Yogyakarta dalam penanganan korbanpenyalahgunaan NAPZA. Kajian dilakukan atas data sekunder yang diangkat dari sejumlah hasil penelitian pihaklain, dan dokumen dari kemeterian/lembaga terkait serta buku-buku yang relevan dengan kajian ini. Dengan analisismengunakan metode kualitatif. Hasilnya, dalam pelaksanaan rehabilitasi lembaga Rehabilitasi Kunci Yogyakartamenggunakan Metode Therapeutic Community (MTC), dengan sasaran atau residen volunteri. Pada saat ini LembagaRehabilitasi Kunci hanya menampung residen rawat inap sebanyak 24 orang. Hasil yang dicapai melalui rehahabilitasi,residen mengalami kemajuan pada sikap, respon dan perilakunya. Juga terjadi perubahan pada aktivitas/kemandiriandalam menjalankan ibadah/doâ€™a dan kemajuan/tidak mengalami keluhan fisik dan putus obat. Secara khusus kendalayang dihadapi lembaga ini, adalah masih adanya kurang kepercayaan masyarakat/keluarga untuk mengirimkananggota keluarganya untuk mengikuti program ini, apabila anggota keluarganya menjadi korban penyalahgunaanNAPZA. Sehingga lembaga ini kekurangan residen.Kata kunci: rehabilitasi, residen, NAPZA, sukarela.
KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN TENTANG STRATEGI INTERVENSI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Hermawati Istiana
Published: August 2021

An Idea of Social Intervention Strategy In the frame tc increase people participation in social development, many activies in community intervention has implemented. The essention of the activity is a community empowerment process to gain self reliance, which people can solve their problems, and met their need. The empowerment process through community intervention has several models. These are community development / locality development model, social planning and policy mode l, and social action model. In social development context through the strategy of community intervention, community worker can do their functions as an enabler, broker, social planner, educator, expert, advocate, and activist. Have as a starting point on situation, condition, problems and needs that felt by Indonesia people, so the strategy of community intervention that relevant to implement is locality development model with bottom up approach. Nevertheles, in order to effort social development can effective in realization throughh implementation this model, should supported by both of another models, those are social planning and policy, and social action models, so social welfare that we expected, relatively will be come true
MASALAH KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL MIGRAN
Authors: Karinina Nina
Published: August 2021

This paper concerned with the condition of the social welfare problems of the low incomemigrants living in Prawirodirjan Yogyakarta. The case study of that migrants showed that theirmain social welfare problems related to low income for supporting their family , such as children education fee, and inappropriate house to stay. Although they tried to cope with those problems, but most of them had no successful yet. Social services both from local and national government had not been specially programmed for them. Nevertheless, some of them gained several services which were integrated in public social welfare programmes through "social safety net programmes" in the form of health services, school fee , low cost rice price, etc.Key Words: empowering, social welfare, migrant.
DAMPAK SOSIAL PENUTUPAN LOKALISASI
Authors: Nuryana Mu'man
Published: August 2021

Kasus Sunan Kuning Semarang ( Social Impacts from the Closing of Official ProstitutionComplexes: Case Study in Sunan Kuning Semarang).Indonesian ambiguous policy on prostitution issue has been affirmed by the creation of'Lokalisasi' (official prostitution complexes). Lokalisasi has been used as a model by local governments to alleviate the impact of harms from prostitution. It is very important then, to look how this social experiment has failed to alleviate the harms of prostitution by going down the legalization track. However, this policy emerged in response to the growing demand from local community to stop Lokalisasi. These harms have increased and significant new harms have joined them such as the traffic in young women in Indonesia. This research has found some valuable results that Lokalisasi should not be considered as a silver bullet to alleviate prostitution problems, but it is assumed to be a solution of minimizing its impacts to society. Such a Lokalisasi should not be placed in the residential area, rather it should be placed in business district in the down-town of the city to which anyone easily able to reach it.Key Words: Official prostitution complexes, Lokalisasi, Mutual consent, Decriminalization prostitute
How to Record the Meaning of Figurative Language
Authors: Jentson Indrek
Published: August 2021

This paper focuses on the question of what kind of data needs to be recorded about figurative language, in order to capture the essential meaning of the text and to enable us to re-create a synonymous text, based on that data. A short review of the best known systems of semantic annotation will be presented and their suitability for the task will be analyzed. Also, a method that could be used for representing the meaning of the idioms, metaphors and metonymy in the data model will be considered.
What is grammar like? A usage-based constructionist perspective
Authors: Kapatsinski Vsevolod
Published: August 2021

This paper is intended to elucidate some implications of usage-based linguistic theory for statistical and computational models of language acquisition, focusing on morphology and morphophonology. I discuss the need for grammar (a.k.a. abstraction), the contents of individual grammars (a potentially infinite number of constructions, paradigmatic mappings and predictive relationships between phonological units), the computational characteristics of constructions (complex non-crossover interactions among partially redundant features), resolution of competition among constructions (probability matching), and the need for multimodel inference in modeling internal grammars underlying the linguistic performance of a community.
Building a Chinese AMR Bank with Concept and Relation Alignments
Authors: Li Bin , Wen Yuan , Song Li , Qu Weiguang , Xue Nianwen
Published: August 2021

Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) is a meaning representation framework in which the meaning of a full sentence is represented as a single-rooted, acyclic, directed graph. In this article, we describe an on-going project to build a Chinese AMR (CAMR) corpus, which currently includes 10,149 sentences from the newsgroup and weblog portion of the Chinese TreeBank (CTB). We describe the annotation specifications for the CAMR corpus, which follow the annotation principles of English AMR but make adaptations where needed to accommodate the linguistic facts of Chinese. The CAMR specifications also include a systematic treatment of sentence-internal discourse relations. One significant change we have made to the AMR annotation methodology is the inclusion of the alignment between word tokens in the sentence and the concepts/relations in the CAMR annotation to make it easier for automatic parsers to model the correspondence between a sentence and its meaning representation. We develop an annotation tool for CAMR, and the inter-agreement as measured by the Smatch score between the two annotators is 0.83, indicating reliable annotation. We also present some quantitative analysis of the CAMR corpus. 46.71% of the AMRs of the sentences are non-tree graphs. Moreover, the AMR of 88.95% of the sentences has concepts inferred from the context of the sentence but do not correspond to a specific word.
The GF Resource Grammar Library
Authors: Ranta Aarne
Published: August 2021

The GF Resource Grammar Library is a set of natural language grammars implemented in GF (Grammatical Framework). These grammars are in a strong sense parallel: they are built upon a common abstract syntax, i.e. a common tree structure. Individual languages are obtained via compositional mappings from abstract syntax trees to feature structures specific to each language. The grammar defines, for each language, a complete set of morphological paradigms and a syntax fragment comparable to CLE (Core Language Engine). It is available as open-source software under the GNU LGPL License. The current coverage is fourteen languages: Bulgarian, Catalan, Danish, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian (bokmål), Polish, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish. More languages are under construction.

The library can be used as a resource for language processing tasks, such as translation, multilingual generation, software localization, natural language interfaces, and spoken dialogue systems. The library may also have some language-typological interest as an experiment showing how much grammatical structure can be shared between languages. The focus of this paper is on the linguistic aspects of the library—in particular, what syntactic structures are covered and how the problems arising in different languages have been solved. We will also discuss the nature of the common abstract syntax with respect to translation equivalence.
Computational Linguistics in Support of Linguistic Theory
Authors: Bender Emily M. , Langendoen D. Terence
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we overview the ways in which computational methods can serve the goals of analysis and theory development in linguistics, and encourage the reader to become involved in the emerging cyberinfrastructure for linguistics. We survey examples from diverse subfields of how computational methods are already being used, describe the current state of the art in cyberinfrastructure for linguistics, sketch a pie-in-the-sky view of where the field could go, and outline steps that linguists can take now to bring about better access to and use of linguistic data through cyberinfrastructure.
Reweaving a Grammar for Wambaya
Authors: Bender Emily M.
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a case study in grammar engineering for linguistic hypothesis testing, focusing on the treatment of second position auxiliaries in an HPSG grammar for Wambaya. A detailed comparison of two versions of this grammar highlights the interconnectedness of linguistic phenomena, the model-dependence of linguistic analyses, and the value of computational support in calculating the consequences of differing analytical choices.
(Xx*-)Linguistics: Because We Love Language
Authors: King Tracy Holloway
Published: August 2021

Overall, although there is not the intense overlap between theoretical and computational linguistics that many seem to wish, I do not see this as a problem from a practical perspective. Everyone is working towards a common goal to understand language and to unearth its structure. By approaching the problem from different angles and with different immediate goals, we gain a broader perspective on the problem, and language is complex enough to need this broad perspective. As with all fields and as with the (Xx*-)linguistic fields, there are some researchers who more naturally reach outside their immediate domain and who will see where there are convergences and contradictions. Forcing everyone into this role would slow the growth of the field as a whole given the vast amount of work still before us.
Hydrolytic Enzymes Producing Bacterial Endophytes of Some Poaceae Plants
Authors: DOGAN GOKHAN , TASKIN BILGIN
Published: August 2021

Endophytic bacteria represent microorganisms that live during the whole life cycle within the tissues of healthy plants without causing any obvious signs of disease. In this study, the ability of 128 endophyte bacterial isolates from some cultivated and wild grain plants (Poaceae family) in Van, Turkey, were investigated in terms of producing several extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. It was demonstrated that lipases, proteases, amylases, cellulases, pectinases, and xylanases were produced by the bacteria with relative frequencies of 74.2%, 65.6%, 55.4%, 32%, 21.8%, and 7.8%, respectively. In addition, molecular identification of a certain number of isolates selected according to their enzyme-producing capabilities was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using a next-generation sequencing platform. As a result of the analysis, the isolates yielded certain strains belonging to Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Paenibacillus, Streptococcus, Curtobacterium, Chryseobacterium, and Bacillus genera. Also, the strain G117Y1T was evaluated as a member of potential novel species based on 16S rRNA sequencing results.
COVID-19 Tanılı Yoğun Bakım Hastalarında Omega-3 Çoklu Doymamış Yağ Asitleri Desteğinin Etkileri
Authors: Özsoy Selen , Saka Mendane
Published: August 2021

SARS-CoV-2 adı ile ilk kez bildirilen ve COVID-19 olarak adlandırılan yeni tip koronavirüsün neden olduğu salgın hastalık kısa sürede yayılım göstererek küresel bir sağlık sorunu haline gelmiş ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü salgını bir pandemi olarak nitelendirmiştir. COVID-19 hastalığının yönetimi için önerilen spesifik bir antiviral tedavi bulunmamaktadır. Hastalarda immün yanıtı hedefleyen ve sitokin fırtınasını azaltmaya yönelik alternatif tedavi yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi, hastalığa yanıtın iyileştirilmesinde önemli bir stratejidir. Hastalıktan korunmada ve hastalığın yönetimi sürecinde konağın bağışıklık sisteminin güçlendirilmesini hedefleyen stratejiler, virüsle savaşmada ve hastalık etkisinin azaltılmasında önemlidir. Balık yağı kaynaklı Eikozapentaenoik Asit (EPA) ve Dokozahekzaenoik Asit (DHA) biyolojik olarak güçlü özellik taşır. Omega-3 Çoklu Doymamış Yağ Asitleri (PUFA) güçlü immünmodülatör aktiviteye sahip olup, diyetin balık yağı ile zenginleştirilmesi monosit ve nötrofil kemotaksisinde azalmaya neden olur, proinflamatuvar sitokin üretimini azaltır ve antiinflamatuvar etkiler gösterir. Kritik hastalarda yapılan çalışmalar, enteral ve parenteral omega-3 PUFA takviyelerinin sitokin üretimini azalttığını göstermiştir. Sitokinler üzerindeki bu etkileri nedeni ile omega-3 PUFA, akut ve kronik inflamasyon durumlarında ve uygunsuz şekilde aktive edilmiş olan immün yanıtın azaltılmasında kullanılmaktadır. COVID-19 hastalığının yönetimi ile ilgili yayınlanan beslenme kılavuzları, balık yağı kullanımının hastalığın yönetiminde potansiyel yararlı etkileri olabileceğini bildirmiştir. Bu derleme yazıda, COVID-19 ile omega-3 PUFA arasındaki ilişki incelenmiş ve COVID-19 hastaları için omega-3 PUFA’ların önemi ele alınmıştır.
Effects of pendimethalin on pod attributes of five elite accessions of cowpea
Authors: Olujuwon Oladele Justina , Olorunmaiye Kehinde Stephen , Olabisi Fatimoh Adekola , Stephen Oyedeji , Adedayo Animasaun David
Published: August 2021

A field study on the effects of pre- and post-emergence application of herbicide (pendimethalin) on the reproductive yield of five accessions of cowpea (TVu-9092, TVu-16265, TVu-16320, TVu-16323 and TVu-16421) was conducted between June and August, 2018. Pendimethalin was applied both as pre- and early post-emergence herbicide (PE and EPOE) and followed by hand weeding at 4 and 8 weeks after sowing (WAS). Number of pods per plant was highest in TVu-9092 treated with 0.125 kg/ha PE pendimethalin (19.33) and 0.250 kg/ha pendimethalin EPOE application (19.00). Highest pod diameter in PE treatment was produced in TVu-16320 with 0.25 kg/ha pendimethalin (7.55 mm) and TVu-16323 with 0.125 kg/ha pendimethalin produced the highest pod diameter (7.74 mm) in the EPOE treatment. Highest pod length in the PE treatment was produced in TVu-9092 with 0.125 kg/ha, while TVu-9092 without pendimethalin produced the highest pod length (30.00 cm) in the EPOE treatment. In the PE treatment, TVu-16265 and TVu-9092 treated with 0.125 kg/ha had the highest (2.99 g) and lowest empty pod weights (1.70 g) respectively. In the EPOE treatment, the highest empty pod weight (3.01 g) was produced in TVu-16265 with 0.125 kg/ha pendimethalin while the control of TVu-16320 recorded the lowest empty pod weight (2.03 g). The highest of 100 seeds weight (14.91 g) was produced in TVu-16421 with 0.125 kg/ha pendimethalin PE treatment and lowest (9.26 g) was obtained in the untreated control of TVu-16323. In the post-emergence treatment, the lowest 100 seeds weight (8.88 g) was obtained in TVu-16320 with 0.125 kg/ha. Highest weight per pod in the PE and EPOE application was obtained in untreated control with TVu-9092 (10.47 g), while the lowest weight per pod (3.22 g) was in TVu-16265 with 0.125 kg/ha EPOE application. The study concluded that pendimethalin application as pre- and early post-emergence herbicide at low and high concentrations produced varying effects on pod attributes among the accessions of cowpea.
Quality of Life in Postoperative Colorectal Cancer Survivors: A Structural Equation Model
Authors: Suttipong Chophaka , Sindhu Siriorn , Utriyaprasit Ketsarin , Iramaneerat Cherdsak
Published: August 2021

Objective: The present study has been aimed at constructing a causal model to determine factors affecting healthrelatedquality of life (HRQoL) in postoperative patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) following discharge.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 396 postoperative CRC cancer patients fromten tertiary hospitals representing each of the four Regions of Thailand. Data was collected through a standardquestionnaire. Structure equation modeling (SEM) was applied to analyze data.Results: The findings revealed that the majority of patients with CRC surgery had a moderate HRQoL. One hundredand twenty-three patients (31.1%) had complications. SEM showed a good fit with ƛ2=40.347, df=28, p=0.062,GFI=0.980, CFI=0.959 and RMSEA=0.033. The final model showed that age, stage of cancer and healthcare servicebeing received following CRC surgery had direct effects on HRQoL. Nutritional status and follow-up outpatientclinic had indirect effects on HRQoL during postoperative complications. Moreover, social support and primaryfamily caregiver support had indirect effects on HRQoL through self-management capacity.Conclusion: The findings of this study emphasized the importance of implementing effective strategies to improvequality of life among postoperative patients with CRC after discharge and indicated these strategies should focuson quality of healthcare service following CRC surgery, self-management capacity and prevention of postoperativecomplications. Postoperative complications can be reduced by providing effective follow-up in outpatient clinicsand nutritional status management, consequently improving quality of life among this population.
Concerted Actions toward Healthy Ageing in ASEAN Countries
Authors: Assantachai Prasert
Published: August 2021

No Abstract.
LEARNING FOR PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOLK HIGH SCHOOLS
Authors: Babajeva Ludmila , Koķe Tatjana
Published: August 2021

Nowadays in the field of andragogy, there is a significant transition from learning as a merely cognitive phenomenon to a more comprehensive approach, defining learning as a process of whole person development. Thus this study has its focus on sharing the experience of good practice for promoting adults’ personal development at six folk high schools in Latvia and Denmark. Observations have taken place since June 2011 till December 2012. All in all fifty six days of formal and informal activities were transcribed as field notes within different subjects as Danish, Latvian, Pottery, Philosophy, Self-development, Music, Yoga, Diet class etc. Data analysis were provided by AQUAD 6.0 (Huber, 2003) using mix-methods approach, combining conceptual codes and open coding. Main results show, that the most appropriate pedagogical circumstances of learning for personal development are those, where adults can develop themselves through body, mind and emotional activity and where 1) person has been treated as a value him/herself, 2) person’s values are the main focus and 3) high-/democratic values fulfil study process.
Key words: adult learning, folk high school, personal development.
Aplicación del software Microsoft Power BI como un sistema de inteligencia artificial & machine learning en la toma de decisiones y herramienta de tabulación de datos aplicado a la Facultad de CIYA de la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi en el periodo 2015
Authors: Medina Matute Víctor Hugo , Ocaña Pañora Lando Stephen , Banda Casa Mario Agustín , Arias Guadalupe Mirella Nataly
Published: August 2021

Introducción. Los datos que genera la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi en las diferentes áreas académicas y administrativas tienen varios casos que conllevan a establecerla situación de las calificaciones de los estudiantes. Objetivo. Se sugiere la implementación de una minería de datos para obtener un análisis del desempeño estudiantil aplicado en carreras de ingeniería en la Facultada de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Aplicadas, FCIYA que permita un manejo de la información eficiente para la toma de decisiones de las autoridades. Metodología.  Se establece un método de inteligencia para el manejo, procesamiento y análisis de los datos que sirvan de ayuda a la generación de informes de calificaciones de los estudiantes de la facultad con un alto nivel de veracidad y oportuna para el apoyo en la toma de decisiones gerenciales. La herramienta escogida para emplear es Microsoft Power BI, considerada como una de las más exitosas, evaluará los promedios de los ciclos académicos de septiembre 2015 a febrero de 2019 para verificar la carrera con mayor déficit de aprendizaje. Resultados. Posterior al análisis se logró determinar que la carrera de Ingeniería en Electromecánica presenta el mayor déficit de aprendizaje, obteniendo promedios bajos en todos los criterios de comparación empleados en el software para la evaluación de dicho rubro comparado con las demás carreras de la FCIYA.
Association between El Niño and extreme temperatures in southern South America in CMIP5 models. Part 2: future climate projections
Authors: Collazo S , Barrucand M , Rusticucci M
Published: August 2021

This study provides an overview of projected future changes in the probability density function (PDF) and variability of the equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature in the El Niño 3.4 region (SST3.4). We analyzed how these changes affect the relationship with extreme temperature events in southern South America under global warming. We used 2 different emission scenarios for climate change simulations in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5): RCP4.5 and 8.5, and for 2 future periods: 2031-2060 and 2071-2100. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to compare the PDFs of SST3.4 between historical and future periods. We found that the PDFs of SST3.4 for both future periods differed significantly from the PDFs of the historical period for both scenarios. Changes in SST3.4 under greenhouse warming will alter the intensity and position of the teleconnection patterns. In particular, we observed that the mean difference in sea level pressure anomalies between El Niño and La Niña will weaken in the future. This result could explain why, in general, no significant correlations or quantile regressions were projected between SST3.4 and extreme temperature indices in southern South America for both the near and far future. The projections of the best-performing models in the historical period did not provide much clarity because they differ from each other but showed us that the individual models simulate changes in the relationships between SST3.4 and extremes temperature according to the period and scenario.
Epizootiology of a Cryptococcus gattii outbreak in porpoises and dolphins from the Salish Sea
Authors: Teman SJ , Gaydos JK , Norman SA , Huggins JL , Lambourn DM , Calambokidis J , Ford JKB , Hanson MB , Haulena M , Zabek E , Cottrell P , Hoang L , Morshed M , Garner MM , Raverty S
Published: August 2021

Cryptococcus gattii is a fungal pathogen that primarily affects the respiratory and nervous systems of humans and other animals. C. gattii emerged in temperate North America in 1999 as a multispecies outbreak of cryptococcosis in British Columbia (Canada) and Washington State and Oregon (USA), affecting humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Here we describe the C. gattii epizootic in odontocetes. Cases of C. gattii were identified in 42 odontocetes in Washington and British Columbia between 1997 and 2016. Species affected included harbor porpoises Phocoena phocoena (n = 26), Dall’s porpoises Phocoenoides dalli (n = 14), and Pacific white-sided dolphins Lagenorhynchus obliquidens (n = 2). The probable index case was identified in an adult male Dall’s porpoise in 1997, 2 yr prior to the initial terrestrial outbreak. The spatiotemporal extent of the C. gattii epizootic was defined, and cases in odontocetes were found to be clustered around terrestrial C. gattii hotspots. Case-control analyses with stranded, uninfected odontocetes revealed that risk factors for infection were species (Dall’s porpoises), age class (adult animals), and season (winter). This study suggests that mycoses are an emerging source of mortality for odontocetes, and that outbreaks may be associated with anthropogenic environmental disturbance.
Physalis philadelphica Lam. (Solanaceae), a new alien species in the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Maslo Semir , Šarić Šemso
Published: August 2021

Physalis philadelphica Lam. native to Mexico is now widely grown for its edible fruits (‘tomatillo’). It has been recorded as a new alien species to the vascular flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, P. philadelphica is reported from only one locality near the town of Zavidovići in Central Bosnia in September 2020. The specimens were growing along the banks of the Krivaja River in the vicinity of the village Ribnica. Brief information on the species distribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina and a short morphological description are given, as well as a key to Physalis species occurring in the Balkans.
Analysis of food purchase behaviour during the first wave of COVID-19 in Hungary
Authors: Madarász Tamás , Kontor Enikő , Antal Emese , Kasza Gyula , Szakos Dávid , Szakály Zoltán
Published: August 2021

In our research, we delve into the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on consumers’ food purchase habits. The research involved 3,000 consumers during the first wave of coronavirus. The sample represents the Hungarian population by gender and age. One of our objectives is to examine the motivations of the Hungarian population for food purchases during the restrictions generated by the first wave of COVID-19. The findings suggest that the pandemic could not change consumer attitude significantly, but the order of factors influencing purchases changed. Taste and consistent quality are basic expectations of consumers, a crisis or pandemic cannot change that. Compared to the period before restrictions, the shelf life and packaged nature of the products took precedence in the order of priority. Consumer motivation factors were organized into four well-distinguished factors: Healthy, domestic, and environmentally friendly choice; Usual taste and quality; Reasonable price; Shelf life.
Distribution of a Sulfolane-Metabolizing Rhodoferax sp. Throughout a Contaminated Subarctic Aquifer and Two Groundwater Treatment Systems
Authors: Kasanke Christopher P. , Willis Michael D. , Leigh Mary Beth
Published: August 2021

An extensive plume of the emerging contaminant sulfolane has been found emanating from a refinery in Interior Alaska, raising questions about the microbial potential for natural attenuation and bioremediation in this subarctic aquifer. Previously, an aerobic sulfolane-assimilating Rhodoferax sp. was identified from the aquifer using stable isotope probing. Here, we assessed the distribution of known sulfolane-assimilating bacteria throughout the contaminated subarctic aquifer using 16S-rRNA-amplicon analyses of ~100 samples collected from groundwater monitoring wells and two groundwater treatment systems. One treatment system was an in situ air sparging system where air was injected directly into the aquifer. The other was an ex situ granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration system for the treatment of private well water. We found that the sulfolane-assimilating Rhodoferax sp. was present throughout the aquifer but was significantly more abundant in groundwater associated with the air sparge system. The reduction of sulfolane concentrations combined with the apparent enrichment of sulfolane degraders in the air sparging zone suggests that the addition of oxygen facilitated sulfolane biodegradation. To investigate other environmental controls on Rhodoferax populations, we also examined correlations between groundwater geochemical parameters and the relative abundance of the Rhodoferax sp. and found only manganese to be significantly positively correlated. The sulfolane-assimilating Rhodoferax sp. was not a major component of the GAC filtration system, suggesting that biodegradation is not an important contributor to sulfolane removal in these systems. We conclude that air sparging is a promising approach for enhancing the abundance and activity of aerobic sulfolane-degraders like Rhodoferax to locally stimulate sulfolane biodegradation in situ.
A Twisted String, Flexure Hinges Approach for Design of a Wearable Haptic Thimble
Authors: Leonardis Daniele , Tiseni Luca , Chiaradia Domenico , Frisoli Antonio
Published: August 2021

Wearable haptic devices in the shape of actuated thimbles are used to render the sense of touch in teleoperation and virtual reality scenarios. The design of similar devices has to comply with concurring requirements and constraints: lightweight and compactness, intensity and bandwidth of the rendered signals. Micro-sized motors require a mechanical reduction to increase the output force, at the cost of noise and vibrations introduced by conventional gear reducers. Here we propose a different actuation method, based on a miniaturized twisted string actuator and a flexure hinge transmission mechanism. The latter is required to transmit and transform the pulling force of the twist actuator to a pushing force of the plate in contact with the fingerpad. It achieves a lightweight and noiseless actuation in a compact mechanism. In this work, we present design guidelines of the proposed approach, optimization, and FEM analysis of the flexure hinge mechanism, implementation of the prototype, and experimental characterization of the twist actuator measuring frequency response and output force capabilities.
Design and Implementation of a Robotic Hip Exoskeleton for Gait Rehabilitation
Authors: Hsu Shi-Heng , Changcheng Chuan , Lee Heng-Ju , Chen Chun-Ta
Published: August 2021

In this paper, a four degrees-of-freedom robotic hip exoskeleton was proposed for gait rehabilitation. The robotic hip exoskeleton was designed with active flexion/extension and passive abduction/adduction at each hip joint to comply with the movement of the thigh. Due to each user’s different lower limbs characteristics and unknown torques at hip joints, model-free linear extended state observer (LESO)-based controllers were proposed for rehabilitation gait control. The prototypes of the robotic hip exoskeleton and controller designs were validated and compared through walking and ascending rehabilitation experiments. Additionally, a motion captured system and EMG signals were used to investigate the walking assistance of the robotic hip exoskeleton.
Numerical Study on Low-Temperature Region as Heat Sink and Its Heat Dissipation Capacity for Hypersonic Vehicle
Authors: Jiang Xinying , Liu Meng , Wu Hao , Zheng Yonggui , Zhuang Junjun
Published: August 2021

Researches have focused on the thermal protection system (TPS) of hypersonic vehicles under severe aerodynamic heat. According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat transfer needs to consume a heat sink, but the cold energy provided by the airborne heat sink is limited. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new available heat sinks during hypersonic cruise. This paper numerically calculated the wall temperature distribution of hypersonic vehicle X-51A with different Mach numbers, altitudes and angles of attack using ANSYS Fluent 19.0. A dimensionless parameter, relative temperature coefficient rt, was proposed to characterize the relative value of local wall temperature in the whole wall temperature range. The distribution regularity and influencing factors of wall temperature were summarized. The low-temperature region which is less affected by flight conditions was divided as the heat sink and its heat dissipation capacity (Q) and characteristics were studied. The angle of attack has great influence on the temperature distribution. In XY view the rear side of leeward surface is least affected by flight conditions and its rt is less than 0.2, which can be used as a low-temperature region. Taking this region as a heat sink to dissipate heat, it is found that the Q of the new heat sink is 30 kW/m2 at Ma 3, 90 kW/m2 at Ma 4 and 200 kW/m2 at Ma 5. The Q increases greatly with the increase in Mach number, and the convective heat transfer coefficient (h) also increases. At the same Q, the h decreases with the increase in Mach number. The exploration of low-temperature region as heat sink has an important reference for reducing the dependence on consumable heat sink and alleviating the energy shortage of the hypersonic vehicle.
Small Scale Egg Production: The Challenge of Portuguese Autochthonous Chicken Breeds
Authors: Brito Nuno V. , Lopes Júlio Cesar , Ribeiro Virgínia , Dantas Rui , Leite José V.
Published: August 2021

Biodiversity concerns and the sustainability of agroecological systems, together with consumer demand for higher quality products from alternative and extensive farming methods, have reinforced interest in local breeds that are well adapted to low-input environments. The first reference to Portuguese poultry breeds appeared in the 1930s, with registration and breeding programs of native breeds only being implemented in the last ten years. Portuguese chicken breeds (Pedrês Portuguesa, Preta Lusitânica, Amarela, and Branca) are almost extinct and are currently bred on small-scale farms for egg and meat production. This study aimed to characterize the performance of laying hens, evaluating the influence of genotype, age, and season on egg production over four years in farm conditions. The results highlight the Pedrês Portuguesa as the most productive breed regarding egg production and reveal a tendency for an increase in egg production performance by the Branca in contrast with the lower productive capacity of the Preta Lusitânica. Older hens start laying earlier in consecutive laying periods, present a shorter peak, and an inferior number of total eggs/cycle. There is a need to establish breeding goals and to evaluate and revise breeding programs to increase productivity in autochthonous Portuguese chicken breeds.
Maize Yield Response to Chemical Control of Spodoptera frugiperda at Different Plant Growth Stages in South Africa
Authors: van den Berg Johnnie , Britz Carmen , du Plessis Hannalene
Published: August 2021

Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major pest of maize. Yield losses between 30 and 70% in the Americas and between 11 and 100% in Africa have been reported. Little information exists on the effect of pest damage during different plant growth stages on yield loss. Previous studies showed that insecticide applications at weekly intervals did not always provide a yield gain comparable to only a single or two well-timed applications. In this study, we completed four field trials under high natural pest pressure. Treatments consisted of different regimes of insecticide applications that provided protection against damage during different growth stages. In one trial, the mean incidence of infested plants was 65%, and the yield benefit gained from four insecticide applications was 32.6%. The other three trials had 16 treatments which were divided into two spray sequences to protect plants against FAW damage for different lengths of time, between early vegetative stages and tasseling. Yield losses were 41.9, 26.5 and 56.8% for the three respective trials if no insecticides were applied. Yield loss of plants protected during earlier growth stages was significantly lower than that of the treatments which provided protection during later growth stages. More than three spray applications generally completed did not provide further yield gains. Plants that were protected more during early growth stages yield higher than plants protected during later growths stages.
Impacts of Background Removal on Convolutional Neural Networks for Plant Disease Classification In-Situ
Authors: KC Kamal , Yin Zhendong , Li Dasen , Wu Zhilu
Published: August 2021

Convolutional neural networks have an immense impact on computer vision tasks. However, the accuracy of convolutional neural networks on a dataset is tremendously affected when images within the dataset highly vary. Test images of plant leaves are usually taken in situ. These images, apart from the region of interest, contain unwanted parts of plants, soil, rocks, and/or human body parts. Segmentation helps isolate the target region and a deep convolutional neural network classifies images precisely. Therefore, we combined edge and morphological based segmentation, background subtraction, and the convolutional neural network to help improve accuracy on image sets with images containing clean and cluttered backgrounds. In the proposed system, segmentation was applied to first extract leaf images in the foreground. Several images contained a leaf of interest interposed between unfavorable foregrounds and backgrounds. Background subtraction was implemented to remove the foreground image followed by segmentation to obtain the region of interest. Finally, the images were classified by a pre-trained classification network. The experimental results on two, four, and eight classes of datasets show that the proposed method achieves 98.7%, 96.7%, and 93.57% accuracy by fine-tuned DenseNet121, InceptionV3, and DenseNet121 models, respectively, on a clean dataset. For two class datasets, the accuracy obtained was about 12% higher for a dataset with images taken in the homogeneous background compared to that of a dataset with testing images with a cluttered background. Results also suggest that image sets with clean backgrounds tend to start training with higher accuracy and converge faster.
Small Ruminants Grazing as a Rehabilitative Land Management Tool in the Negev Highland; Soil, Geomorphological and Topographical Perspectives
Authors: Mor-Mussery Amir , Abu-Glion Hiam , Shuker Shimshon , Zaady Eli
Published: August 2021

The ‘wadis’ (ephemeral incised channels in arid regions) concern badlands with low agriculture utilisation that expands to neighbouring cultivated areas. They are noticeable and unique landforms characterised by vegetation patches and seasonal flood flows with scenic beauty that must be conserved. The wadi characteristics have influenced the way of life of their indigenous residents from ancient times until now. The main one is grazing with small ruminants (SR). The authorities and public consider grazing in these areas as a destructive land management practice that should be reduced. To assess the viability of grazing in such regions, we hypothesised that fluvial and biological flows tightly correlate with the wadis’ landforms, channels and slopes. The site of study is located in the Yeroham mountains nearby the Rahma planned Bedouin village. Five different transects of channels and slopes were located over representative wadis, including those exposed to grazing. The finding indicates that a herbaceous vegetation expansion uphill was observed only in grazed transects, while the wadi slope patterns affect its patterns. It contains an increased soil water content (from a similar value of 5% until 13% change in the grazed transect), 1.5% higher soil organic matter, 0.08 mg Kg−1 higher Nitrite content and 1–2% higher clay content in the grazed transects, up to 4 m ahead from the channel. The novelty of this finding suggested that the SR influences the organic matter to reach the wadi channel and facilitate the adherence of aggregated clay and the formed colluvial layer that serves as a substrate to the expanded vegetation growth. Adequate implementation of these grazing patterns may rehabilitate degraded ‘wadis’ and increase their tourism eligibility.