Evaluation changes in indicators of oncological service in gastric cancer in Kazakhstan
Authors:   Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, Taszhanov Rustem ,   International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, Igissinov Nurbek ,   Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan; International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan; Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research Public Association, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, Kozhakhmetov Saken ,   Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan; International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, Koblandin Sarsenbi ,   Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, Igissinova Gulnur ,   Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan; Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, Bilyalova Zarina ,   Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kulmirzayeva Dariyana ,   National Centre for Neurosurgery, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan; Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: September 2021

About 1.8 million new cases of gastric cancer (GC) are predicted and it is expected that about 1.4 million human will die from this pathology, according to the forecasts of the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2040. To this aim, an analysis studying the indicators of the oncological service for GC also makes it possible to evaluate the ongoing anti-cancer measures in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Aim. Evaluate some indicators of the oncological service at GC in Kazakhstan in 2009 to 2018. Material and methods. The research material was data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan – annual form No. 7 and 35 regarding GC (ICD 10-C50) for 2009 2018 – incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification. A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the main method. Results and discussion. For 2009-2018, 27,468 new cases of GC were registered in the republic for the first time and 19,672 deaths from this pathology were registered. The average annual crude incidence rate of GC was 16.1±0.20/0000 (95% CI=15.7-16.5) and decreased in dynamics from 16.8±0.30/0000 (2009) to 15.1±0.30/0000 in 2018, the difference was statistically significant (t=4.01 and p=0.000). In dynamics, mortality rates from GC tended to statistically significant (t=12.02 and p=0.000) decrease from 14.0±0.30/0000 (2009) to 8.9±0.20/0000 in 2018 year, and the average annual crude mortality rate from GC was 11.6±0.60/0000 (95% CI=10.5-12.7). The research of the study period reveals a trend: early diagnosis indicators (specific weight of patients with I-II stage) improved from 24.5% (2009) to 41.3% in 2018, and accordingly the specific weight of neglected patients significantly decreased with stage III (from 46.2% to 41.1%) and with stage IV (from 29.3% to 17.5%). The morphological verification indicators for GC over the studied years improved from 85.1% to 95.0%. Conclusion. An analysis of the indicators of the oncological service in GC revealed an improvement in morphological verification and early diagnosis, a decrease in neglect and mortality rates, which is undoubtedly associated with ongoing anti-cancer measures in Kazakhstan, in particular with the screening, which was carried out in 2012-2016. Keywords: gastric cancer, incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification.