bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An in situ ensemble impact monitoring and identification technique for fiber composite structures under multiple disturbances
Authors: Si Liang , Baier Horst
Published: April 2016

An investigation is conducted to develop a real-time automatic structural health monitoring technique for the identification and prediction of the locations and force magnitudes induced by foreign objects impacting on composite structures. Accordingly, an in situ ensemble impact monitoring and identification technique is proposed and designed with the usage of distributed sensor networks. Then, the entire impact monitoring and identification mainly consists of four sequential procedures, which are the sensor signal preprocessing, the forward model generator, the impact positioning, and the inverse model operator. In order to achieve good engineering applicability, several uncertainty factors were considered for the composite structures, which are diverse structure configurations, various carbon fiber prepreg layups in the carbon fiber–reinforced polymer specimen panels, and impact conditions. In addition, random interfering noises resulting from structural vibrations were also taken into account as the essential disturbances. Under the different technical conditions and disturbances arising from practical structure vibration environments, the accuracy of the predictions of impact forces and locations using the ensemble impact monitoring and identification technique is validated through a series of impact tests. The errors between estimated and actually measured quantities all fall well within the satisfactory limited range. It is concluded that the ensemble impact monitoring and identification technique is qualified to reconstruct the input forces in sufficient precision due to unforeseen impact events under changeable conditions; it is also able to effectively estimate unknown impact locations in complex adverse environments.
Wavelet spectral finite element for modeling guided wave propagation and damage detection in stiffened composite panels
Authors: Samaratunga Dulip , Jha Ratneshwar , Gopalakrishnan Sirinivasan
Published: April 2016

Ultrasonic-guided wave propagation in stiffened composite panels is modeled using the wavelet spectral finite element method. The model is capable of analyzing transient response resulting from loads with short time duration, such as impacts. The model can also be used to predict the response for known excitations commonly used in ultrasonic wave–based structural health monitoring/nondestructive inspection systems. Wavelet spectral finite element is an efficient and accurate technique for wave propagation modeling in structures. Governing equations of laminated plate elements used in the model are based on the first-order shear deformation theory, which yields accurate solutions up to wavelengths close to plate thickness. Daubechies compactly supported scaling functions are used to approximate the partial differential equations in time and one spatial dimension. Resulting ordinary differential equations are rearranged and solved for wavenumbers by assuming a harmonic solution in the transformed frequency-wavenumber domain. The global dynamic stiffness matrix of the spectral plate element is formed relating transformed nodal forces and displacements. Stiffened panel is then assembled following a procedure similar to conventional finite element method, and the resulting matrix equation is solved in the frequency-wavenumber domain. Wavelet spectral finite element results are validated with conventional finite element simulations performed in Abaqus®. In addition to transient response prediction, the usefulness of wavelet spectral finite element–based skin–stiffener model is shown in structural health monitoring for detecting skin–stiffener debond and transverse surface crack.
Organizational responses to institutional complexity stemming from emerging logics: The role of individuals
Authors: Bertels Stephanie , Lawrence Thomas B.
Published: April 2016

In this article, we address two important gaps in the study of organizational responses to institutional complexity. First, we examine how organizations respond to institutional complexity associated with newly emerging logics that lack well-defined sets of practices; although previous research has examined logics new to a field, those logics have tended to be well-established in other domains. Based on the responses of 10 Canadian public schools to the emerging logic of Aboriginal distinctiveness, we identify four organizational responses (reinterpretation, advocacy, isolation, and integration) that we argue are distinctive of emerging logics. Second, we explore how individuals in organizations shape organizational responses to institutional complexity. We show how individuals’ sensemaking and institutional biographies combine to affect the kinds of action in which organizations engage (discursive or practical) and the scope of that action (expansive across the organization or confined to a subset of actors).
Case finding for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in people attending long-term condition clinics in primary care
Authors: Halpin DMG , Holmes S , Calvert J , McInerney D
Published: April 2016

Despite increased interest and awareness of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), nearly half of the people with COPD remain undiagnosed. Inviting people at risk for screening is unlikely to be effective as many will not attend. Co-morbidities are common in people with COPD but COPD is also a comorbidity of other long-term conditions and people with these conditions are under regular review in primary care clinics. This study aimed to develop a pilot programme to case find people with COPD among patients attending other long-term clinics in primary care. Twenty-three general practices were recruited to participate in South West England. All current or ex-smokers aged ≥35 attending a long-term condition clinic who were not known to have COPD were asked to complete a questionnaire designed to help identify people with COPD and to perform microspirometry. Practices were asked to collect data on up to 100 patients. One thousand three hundred and thirty-three patients were assessed. Four hundred and ten people (31%) were current smokers. Six hundred and thirteen (46%) had high questionnaire scores and 287 (22%) of these also had a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) below the lower limit of normal (LLN). The mean FEV1 in these patients was 59.0% of predicted (range 22–79.0%). Two hundred and twenty-four had an FEV1 between 50% and 80% of predicted, 50 had an FEV1 between 30% and 50% of predicted. One hundred and sixteen (40%) of the people with an FEV1 below the LLN were still smoking and 55 accepted referral to cessation services. A total of 56% of the other smokers assessed but not thought to have COPD also accepted referral. Assessing symptoms and performing microspirometry in people attending long-term condition clinics in primary care is feasible and has a high yield of identifying people likely to have previously undiagnosed COPD.
Do New Sports Facilities Attract New Businesses?
Authors: Harger Kaitlyn , Humphreys Brad R. , Ross Amanda
Published: April 2016

We examine the impact of new sports facilities on new businesses, an unexplored topic in the literature. We use data from the Dun and Bradstreet MarketPlace files to examine how new sports facilities affect nearby business activity in terms of the number of new businesses and workers. We find no evidence of increased new businesses openings after the opening of new sports facilities in 12 U.S. cities in the 2000s; employment at new businesses near new facilities is larger than at new businesses elsewhere in the metropolitan statistical area; this increase cannot be linked to businesses in any specific industry.
Discouraging Dissent
Authors: Hall Matthew E. K. , Windett Jason Harold
Published: April 2016

Chief judges often strive to promote consensus in their courts to promote public confidence, durable precedents, and intracourt collegiality; yet, some chiefs succeed, whereas others fail. In this article, we identify institutional factors that facilitate and hinder the chief’s ability to promote consensus by examining dissent rates in every state court of last resort from 1995 to 2004. Consistent with prior work, we find that consensus is partially driven by the chief judge’s formal powers and the institutional resources available to court members. However, we also find that member resources moderate the chief’s influence. The chief’s formal powers are associated with lower dissent rates in courts that lack time, staff, docket control, and insulation from the electorate. In contrast, judges who possess greater resources are highly resistant to the chief’s influence. Our findings suggest a fundamental dynamic of political leadership that may operate across institutional contexts.
“The Concept as Method”
Authors: Lenz Taguchi Hillevi
Published: April 2016

For this article, I ask how it might be possible to study the encounter between the practices that involve the concept of the Neuro(n) and educational practices of teaching and learning. The article aims to experiment by thinking “the concept as method.” This entails the doubled and entangled movement of tracing-and-mapping the concept of—in this case—the Neuro(n). I suggest that the contemporary obsession with the Neuro(n) in the field of education emerges from the desire to know more about the learning subject, knowledge, and the problem of how something new comes into the world.
Liquid-based three-dimensional tumor models for cancer research and drug discovery
Authors: Ham Stephanie L , Joshi Ramila , Thakuri Pradip S , Tavana Hossein
Published: April 2016

Tumors are three-dimensional tissues where close contacts between cancer cells, intercellular interactions between cancer and stromal cells, adhesion of cancer cells to the extracellular matrix, and signaling of soluble factors modulate functions of cancer cells and their response to therapeutics. Three-dimensional cultures of cancer cells overcome limitations of traditionally used monolayer cultures and recreate essential characteristics of tumors such as spatial gradients of oxygen, growth factors, and metabolites and presence of necrotic, hypoxic, quiescent, and proliferative cells. As such, three-dimensional tumor models provide a valuable tool for cancer research and oncology drug discovery. Here, we describe different tumor models and primarily focus on a model known as tumor spheroid. We summarize different technologies of spheroid formation, and discuss the use of spheroids to address the influence of stromal fibroblasts and immune cells on cancer cells in tumor microenvironment, study cancer stem cells, and facilitate compound screening in the drug discovery process. We review major techniques for quantification of cellular responses to drugs and discuss challenges ahead to enable broad utility of tumor spheroids in research laboratories, integrate spheroid models into drug development and discovery pipeline, and use primary tumor cells for drug screening studies to realize personalized cancer treatment.
Recent Trends in Endoscopic Management of Obesity
Authors: Štimac Davor , Klobučar Majanović Sanja , Ličina Milan
Published: April 2016

Obesity remains a tremendous public health, clinical, and scientific challenge globally. Conventional approaches in the management of obesity offer limited potential for sustained weight loss. Bariatric surgery, although it represents the most effective weight loss treatment, has its own risks and is associated with substantial costs and limited patient applicability. Endoscopic weight loss procedures are considered as the major breakthrough in the management of obesity. Endoluminal interventions performed entirely through the gastrointestinal tract have evolved as a result of an attempt to replicate some of the anatomical features and the physiological effects of the traditional weight loss surgery while being reversible, less invasive, and more cost-effective. Restrictive procedures act to decrease gastric volume by space-occupying devices and/or by suturing or stapling techniques that alter gastric anatomy, whereas malabsorptive procedures tend to create malabsorption by preventing food contact with the duodenum and proximal jejunum. Other procedures act by influencing gastric function (gastric botulinum injections, gastric pacing, and vagal nerve blocking) or by gastric aspiration. It is important to underline that the majority of endoscopic weight loss procedures are still being evaluated and are not yet available routinely. Even though some of the techniques and devices that have recently emerged have demonstrated promising short-term results, evidence on their safety and long-term efficacy from well-designed and well-conducted research should be given before they can become an inherent part of everyday clinical practice. Given the rapid development of endoscopic weight loss procedures, this review considers the current state and recent trends in endoscopic management of obesity.
Toward Ethical Research Practice With Deaf Participants
Authors: Singleton Jenny L. , Jones Gabrielle , Hanumantha Shilpa
Published: April 2016

In recent years, scholars have been critical of what they consider unethical conduct by researchers whose studies focus on members of the Deaf or signing communities. This is the first empirical study that investigates ethical concerns and recommendations from the perspective of three stakeholder groups (Deaf research participants, researchers, and Deaf studies experts). We analyzed focus group discussions using strategies from grounded theory and community-based participatory research. The themes we identified highlight the need for the broader scientific research community to include linguistically and culturally sensitive research procedures that more adequately protect the rights of Deaf research participants, as well as other marginalized groups. We address the need to increase the number of Deaf scientists and reconsider collaboration practices between Deaf and hearing researchers.
Undergraduate Consent Form Reading in Relation to Conscientiousness, Procrastination, and the Point-of-Time Effect
Authors: Theiss Justin D. , Hobbs William B. , Giordano Peter J. , Brunson Olivia M.
Published: April 2016

Informed consent is central to conducting ethical research with human participants. The present study investigated differences in consent form reading in relation to conscientiousness, procrastination, and the point-of-time (PT) effect among undergraduate participants at a U.S. university. As hypothesized, conscientious participants and those who signed up to participate in a research study more days in advance and for earlier sessions (PT effect) read the consent form more thoroughly. However, procrastination was not related to consent form reading. Most importantly, consent form reading in general was poor, with 80% of participants demonstrating that they had not read the consent form. Conscientious participants were more likely to self-report reading the consent form, irrespective of their measured consent form reading. The article closes with suggestions to improve the process of obtaining informed consent with undergraduate participants.
Community-Engaged Research
Authors: Mosavel Maghboeba , Sanders Kimberly D.
Published: April 2016

The personal rewards and challenges experienced by community researchers are not well explored. Training laypersons to be engaged in some or all aspects of community-engaged research is becoming more common, highlighting the need to understand the challenges associated with this role. The complexities of this role are magnified when the layperson has multiple identities of overlap with the research participant. In this brief report, we explore the rewards and challenges reported by 8 cancer survivors and 2 cancer caregivers who conducted interviews with 32 other survivors, caregivers, and health care professionals. We report specifically on data from their exit interviews regarding the experience of being a community researcher conducting research on a subject matter that was very personal. Overall, being a community researcher was a rewarding experience that allowed them to reflect critically on their own personal path and cancer experiences. Importantly, this role provided them with insights into cancer and other disparities in their community beyond their own situation.
Collective leadership as institutional work: interpreting evidence from Mound Bayou
Authors: Novicevic Milorad M. , Humphreys John H. , Popoola Ifeoluwa T. , Poor Stephen , Gigliotti Robert , Randolph-Seng Brandon
Published: April 2016

In this article, we refine and extend the conceptualization of collective leadership by examining how institutional work can play a central role in the emergence of collective leadership success or failure through conflict. Specifically, based on historical traces collected from the first African American town in Mississippi, Mound Bayou, which was founded and led by a group of ex-slaves, we conceptualize collective leadership as a compilational process and elucidate the development of collective leadership amid the relational and inspirational aspects of conflict that arose among this cadre of historical collective leaders. We selected the case of Mound Bayou because the specifics of the case allowed us to explore how collective leadership emerged, and over time, led to conflict engendered by issues that arose within the institutional processes of formation, maintenance, and transformation of the town. We used interpretivist epistemology into which we incorporated and utilized historiometric methodology to code and interpret salient archival data. Based on this analysis, we inductively theorize the process by which the leaders of Mound Bayou collectively forged and led, in both cooperative and conflicting manner, the first African American community in the Mississippi Delta.
Factor seven activating protease (FSAP) predicts response to intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Bustamante Alejandro , Díaz-Fernández Belén , Giralt Dolors , Boned Sandra , Pagola Jorge , Molina Carlos A , García-Berrocoso Teresa , Kanse Sandip M , Montaner Joan
Published: April 2016

Background

Prediction of recanalization after intravenous thrombolysis could be important to direct secondary reperfusion techniques. Factor seven activating protease (FSAP) has been described to have a relevant pathophysiological role in stroke.

Aim

The aim is to determine whether plasma FSAP levels are associated with recanalization after tissue plasminogen activator in acute stroke.

Methods

FSAP antigen, activity, and FSAP-inhibitor complexes were measured in 120 acute stroke patients admitted to Hospital Vall d’Hebron with arterial occlusions, before intravenous thrombolysis. Recanalization was assessed by transcranial Doppler 2 h after thrombolysis. Predictors of recanalization were determined by logistic regression analysis and the additional predictive value of FSAP over them was determined by integrated discrimination improvement index.

Results

Complete recanalization was achieved in 31 patients. FSAP antigen levels were lower in patients achieving recanalization (8.2 (6.3–11.7) µg/mL vs. 9.8 (7.6–12.8) µg/mL; p = 0.046). After adjustment by age, sex, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (odds ratio = 0.33 (0.13–0.82), p = 0.017) and FSAP antigen (odds ratio = 3.22 (1.22–8.47), p = 0.018) were independently associated with recanalization, and the addition of FSAP improved the model discrimination (integrated discrimination improvement = 5.5% (1.4–9.7), p = 0.009).

Conclusions

Our study showed that lower FSAP antigen plasma levels were associated with a higher chance of arterial recanalization after tissue plasminogen activator treatment, suggesting an involvement of FSAP in tissue plasminogen activator-induced clot lysis. FSAP antigen determination might be useful in predicting tissue plasminogen activator response in stroke patients.
Moving rehabilitation research forward: Developing consensus statements for rehabilitation and recovery research
Authors: Bernhardt Julie , Borschmann Karen , Boyd Lara , Thomas Carmichael S , Corbett Dale , Cramer Steven C , Hoffmann Tammy , Kwakkel Gert , Savitz Sean I , Saposnik Gustavo , Walker Marion , Ward Nick
Published: April 2016

Stroke recovery is the next frontier in stroke medicine. While growth in rehabilitation and recovery research is exponential, a number of barriers hamper our ability to rapidly progress the field. Standardized terminology is absent in both animal and human research, methods are poorly described, recovery biomarkers are not well defined, and we lack consistent timeframes or measures to examine outcomes. Agreed methods and conventions for developing, monitoring, evaluating and reporting interventions directed at improving recovery are lacking, and current approaches are often not underpinned by biology. We urgently need to better understand the biology of recovery and its time course in both animals and humans to translate evidence from basic science into clinical trials. A new international partnership of stroke recovery and rehabilitation experts has committed to advancing the research agenda. In May 2016, the first Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable will be held, with the aim of achieving an agreed approach to the development, conduct and reporting of research. A range of methods will be used to achieve consensus in four priority areas: pre-clinical recovery research; biomarkers of recovery; intervention development, monitoring and reporting; and measurement in clinical trials. We hope to foster a global network of researchers committed to advancing this exciting field. Recovery from stroke is challenging for many survivors. They deserve effective treatments underpinned by our evolving understanding of brain recovery and human behaviour. Working together, we can develop game-changing interventions to improve recovery and quality of life in those living with stroke.
An intersectional approach to race/ethnicity, sex, and age disparity in federal sentencing outcomes: An examination of policy across time periods
Authors: Nowacki Jeffrey S
Published: April 2016

Approaches to intersectionality stress the importance of recognizing multiple, intersecting inequalities. As such, recent sentencing research has examined the changing role of extra-legal characteristics on United States federal sentencing outcomes in the aftermath of recent policy changes (e.g. United States v. Booker), but scholarship has less often examined these characteristics at the intersections of race/ethnicity, gender, and, especially age. This article uses an intersectional approach to examine the influence of these characteristics net of legally relevant characteristics. Using ordinary least squares regression procedures, the author examines the role of the joint effects of extra-legal variables on sentence length decisions across four distinct time periods. Net of control variables, results indicate that young black men are the group most likely to receive the longest sentences, but interesting differences between other groups also emerge.
Investing in health information management
Authors: Makinde Olusesan Ayodeji , Mami Mohammed Ibrahim , Oweghoro Benson Macaulay , Oyediran Kolawole Azeez , Mullen Stephanie
Published: April 2016

Aim:

To describe the process adopted to review the academic curriculum for training health information management professionals in Nigeria.

Context:

Health information management professionals are responsible for managing patients’ health service records and hospital information systems across health facilities in Nigeria. An assessment found many are inadequately skilled in information and communications technology (ICT) skills believed to be needed for them to play leadership roles in hospital information systems and function effectively. This was traced to a dearth of relevant ICT courses in their academic training curriculum.

Case study:

A review of the curriculum for training health information management professionals was instituted following an agreed need to address these issues.

Lessons learned:

Health records management is evolving across the world including the developing countries. This advancement requires evolution of training programs to meet the increasing application of ICT in this sector.

Conclusion:

After several sessions, a new curriculum that addresses all the identified educational deficiencies has been developed. It is believed that this step will help improve the quality of training programs.
Documentation of clinical care in hospital patients’ medical records
Authors: Rowlands Stella , Coverdale Steven , Callen Joanne
Published: April 2016

Background:

Clinical documentation is essential for communication between health professionals and the provision of quality care to patients.

Objective:

To examine medical students’ perspectives of their education in documentation of clinical care in hospital patients’ medical records.

Method:

A qualitative design using semi-structured interviews with fourth-year medical students was undertaken at a hospital-based clinical school in an Australian university.

Results:

Several themes reflecting medical students’ clinical documentation education emerged from the data: formal clinical documentation education using lectures and tutorials was minimal; most education occurred on the job by junior doctors and student’s expressed concerns regarding variation in education between teams and receiving limited feedback on performance. Respondents reported on the importance of feedback for their learning of disease processes and treatments. They suggested that improvements could be made in the timing of clinical documentation education and they stressed the importance of training on the job.

Conclusion:

On-the-job education with feedback in clinical documentation provides a learning opportunity for medical students and is essential in order to ensure accurate, safe, succinct and timely clinical notes.
Perceptions, Uses of, and Interests in Complementary Health Care Approaches in Depressed Pregnant Women
Authors: Matthews Jennifer , Huberty Jennifer L. , Leiferman Jenn A. , McClain Darya , Larkey Linda K.
Published: April 2016

Depression affects up to 23% of pregnant women and is associated with adverse physical/mental health outcomes for both the mother and baby. Depressed pregnant women may be more likely to engage in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors that contribute to an increased risk for chronic disease. Little is known regarding depressed pregnant women’s perceptions, uses of, and interests in complementary health approaches. Study participants (mean age 28.7 ± 6.8; n = 1032) included pregnant women ≥8 weeks gestation who responded to a survey assessing physical and mental health and wellness practices. Of those completing the survey, depressed pregnant women (n = 272) had significantly higher levels of anxiety ( P < .001) and stress ( P < .001) and had poorer sleep quality ( P < .001), mindfulness ( P < .001), and social support ( P < .001) compared to nondepressed pregnant women (n = 760). A majority (84%) of depressed pregnant women would consider using a complementary health approach for weight and/or stress management during pregnancy, and more than 50% were interested in yoga.
Self-Fitting Hearing Aids
Authors: Keidser Gitte , Convery Elizabeth
Published: April 2016

A self-contained, self-fitting hearing aid (SFHA) is a device that enables the user to perform both threshold measurements leading to a prescribed hearing aid setting and fine-tuning, without the need for audiological support or access to other equipment. The SFHA has been proposed as a potential solution to address unmet hearing health care in developing countries and remote locations in the developed world and is considered a means to lower cost and increase uptake of hearing aids in developed countries. This article reviews the status of the SFHA and the evidence for its feasibility and challenges and predicts where it is heading. Devices that can be considered partly or fully self-fitting without audiological support were identified in the direct-to-consumer market. None of these devices are considered self-contained as they require access to other hardware such as a proprietary interface, computer, smartphone, or tablet for manipulation. While there is evidence that self-administered fitting processes can provide valid and reliable results, their success relies on user-friendly device designs and interfaces and easy-to-interpret instructions. Until these issues have been sufficiently addressed, optional assistance with the self-fitting process and on-going use of SFHAs is recommended. Affordability and a sustainable delivery system remain additional challenges for the SFHA in developing countries. Future predictions include a growth in self-fitting products, with most future SFHAs consisting of earpieces that connect wirelessly with a smartphone and providers offering assistance through a telehealth infrastructure, and the integration of SFHAs into the traditional hearing health-care model.
Efficacy, durability, and response predictors of low-dose interleukin-2 therapy for chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Koreth John , Kim Haesook T. , Jones Kyle T. , Lange Paulina B. , Reynolds Carol G. , Chammas Marie J. , Dusenbury Katherine , Whangbo Jennifer , Nikiforow Sarah , Alyea Edwin P. , Armand Philippe , Cutler Corey S. , Ho Vincent T. , Chen Yi-Bin , Avigan David , Blazar Bruce R. , Antin Joseph H. , Ritz Jerome , Soiffer Robert J.
Published: April 2016

Key Points

Low-dose IL-2 is efficacious in steroid-refractory cGVHD, with objective responses in >50% of patients, and durable disease control. IL-2 initiation earlier after cGVHD onset, prior to severe impairment of Treg:Tcon ratios, improves likelihood of clinical response.
The Spirit of Luxury
Authors: Armitage John , Roberts Joanne
Published: April 2016

The aim of this article is to introduce and examine the concept of the “spirit of luxury.” Accordingly, we commence by delineating the philosophical idea of luxury, emphasizing its discursive meaning, and contemplating its earliest historical and etymological origins. We continue through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries by means of a discussion of the philosophical, political, and economic writings of David Hume, Karl Marx, Thorstein Veblen, Émile Louis Victor de Laveleye, and Werner Sombart. Employing Sombart’s sociological work on the spirit of capitalism, we advance and elaborate on the notion of the spirit of luxury. Offering a “Sombartian” account of recent luxury research, specifically the core contributions to this special issue of Cultural Politics, we conclude by critically assessing the concepts of luxury, spirit, and capitalism.
Mapping Within-Stem Variation of Chemical Composition by near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Thumm Armin , Riddell Mark , Nanayakkara Bernadette , Harrington Jonathan , Meder Roger
Published: April 2016

A near infrared (NIR) imaging spectrograph was used to generate maps of chemical composition distribution on the surface of transverse wood discs taken from tree stems. The measured chemical components were lignin, galactose, glucose and mannose as well as cellulose and hemicelluloses, which were calculated from monomeric sugars. These components were determined using NIR-based chemistry models, which had been developed specifically for the imaging spectrograph. Explained test-set variation for key constituents ranged between 60% (galactan) and 78% (lignin). Day-to-day variability was 1–2% (standard deviation/range) depending on the chemical property. Various operational parameters such as room temperature, sample temperature, sample surface preparation and sample thickness were found to have a non-negligible, but manageable, influence on predicted results. The influence of room and sample temperatures could be reduced by incorporating temperature changes into the chemistry model. Extractives, transported to, and concentrated at, the disc surface during drying, needed to be physically removed from the surface to avoid an unpredictable influence on chemical results. Wood fibre angles at the disc surface needed to be aligned in a consistent manner to the camera. NIR information was found to derive from a sample depth of up to 10 mm. This distance was consequently chosen as the minimal sample thickness.
Commissioning medical education: principles for best practice
Authors: Walsh Kieran
Published: April 2016

We need to ensure that we get value for money for our investments in medical education. Commissioning is one method of ensuring that we get value. However, like any other tool, it needs to be used properly.
The phenomenon of consumption in television series
Televizyon dizilerinde tüketim olgusu
Authors: Karaboğa Tahir
Published: April 2016

Capitalist economic system in its current developmental process fictionalizes and constructs many of the societal elements toward the consumption of products and services. Television series today emerge as one of the most effective sales strategies in the marketing of goods and services of companies. Television series display the products of companies by the methods that mobilize the feelings of individuals, advertise the trademarks, and consequently ensure the continuity of the industrial system by triggering the shopping tendencies of individuals.The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the consumption phenomenon and the contents of television series. Within this perspective, how and to what extent consumption phenomenon is presented in the series has been examined.The data consists of video recordings of the 7 television series and 14 episodes broadcasted at 7 national television channels (TRT1, Kanal D, Show, Samanyolu, Star, Fox and ATV) in Turkey.This study is a descriptive one and has employed qualitative methods. The findings have revealed that the variety of consumer products and the number of commercials are remarkably high in the television series, and thousands of products and services have been presented by the characters in the series. In addition, it has been found out that there is a parallelism between the products presented in the series and the advertising categories. ÖzetKapitalist ekonomik sistem geldiği gelişim noktasında toplumsallığa ait pek çok unsuru tüketim ürün ve hizmetlerinin satın alınması yönünde kurgulamakta ve inşa etmektedir. Televizyon dizileri günümüzde, firmaların tüketim mal ve hizmetlerinin pazarlanmasında en etkili satış stratejilerinden biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Televizyon dizileri, insanların tüketim ile ilgili duygularını harekete geçirecek yöntemlerle firmaların tüketim ürünlerini teşhir etmekte, markaların reklamlarını yapmakta ve insanların satın alma eğilimini tetikleyerek endüstriyel sistemin sürekliliğini sağlamaktadır.Bu çalışma, yerli televizyon dizi içerikleri ile tüketim olgusu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda televizyon dizilerinde tüketim olgusunun nasıl sunulduğu, tüketim olgusunun ne derecede yer aldığı incelenmiştir.Araştırmanın verileri, Türkiye’de özel ve kamu televizyonculuk faaliyeti yapan, TRT1, Kanal D, Show, Samanyolu, Star, Fox ve ATV televizyon kanallarında yer alan 7 yerli dizinin 14 bölümüne ait görüntülerini içeren video kayıtlarından oluşmaktadır.Bu çalışma betimsel bir çalışma olup nitel yöntem kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları televizyon dizilerinde tüketim ürün çeşitliliği ve reklamların sayısının dikkat çekici ölçüde fazla olduğunu, binlerce firmanın tüketim ürün ve hizmetinin dizi karakterleri tarafından kullanılarak tanıtıldığını, dizide ön plana çıkan ürün kategorileri ile reklam kategorileri arasında bir paralellik göstermiştir.
Multiplicity of Radial Solutions of Quasilinear Problems with Minimum and Maximum
Authors: Ma Ruyun , Liu Ruikuan
Published: April 2016

We show the existence and multiplicity of radial solutions for the problems with minimum and maximum involving mean curvature operators in the Minkowski space:

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⋅
|

${\lvert\cdot\rvert}$

denotes the Euclidean norm in

ℝ
N

${\mathbb{R}^{N}}$

, and

F
:

C
1

⁢

[

R
1

,

R
2

]

→

L
1

⁢

[

R
1

,

R
2

]

${F:C^{1}[R_{1},R_{2}]\to L^{1}[R_{1},R_{2}]}$

is an unbounded operator. By using the Leray–Schauder degree theory and the Borsuk theorem, we prove that the problem has at least two different radial solutions.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Lean Premixed Methane-Air Flame in a Micro-Channel Reactor Using Different Chemical Kinetics
Authors: Chen Junjie , Liu Baofang , Gao Xuhui , Xu Deguang
Published: April 2016

Flame temperature and structure are a useful tool for describing flame dynamics and flame stability, especially at the micro-scale. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of different kinetic models (that have been proven to accurately predict the macro-combustion behavior of hydrocarbons) on the combustion characteristics and the flame stability in microreactors, and to explore the applicability of these kinetic models at the micro-scale. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of lean premixed methane-air flame in micro-channel reactors were carried out to examine the effect of different reaction mechanisms (Mantel, Duterque and Fernández-Tarrazo model) on the reaction rate and the flame structure and temperature. The time-scales with regard to homogeneous reaction and heat transfer were analyzed. The CFD results indicate that kinetic models strongly affect flame stability. Large transverse gradients in temperature and species are observed in all kinetic models, despite the small scales of the microreactor. Preheating, combustion, and post-combustion regions can be distinguished only in Duterque and Mantel model. Duterque model causes a stable elongated homogeneous flame with a considerable ignition delay as well as a dead region with cold feed accumulation near the entrance, and is inappropriate for micro-combustion studies because of the seriously overestimated flame temperature. Fernández-Tarrazo model causes a rapid extinction and a flashback risk, and is also inappropriate for micro-combustion studies due to the significantly underestimated reaction rate, without taking all kinetic factors into account. Mantel model can accurately predict the micro-flame behavior and consequently can be used for describing micro-combustion.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis for Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Eggshell
Authors: Abdanan Mehdizadeh Saman , Nadi Fatemeh
Published: April 2016

Egg is a complete food package. Importance and quality of this sealed food package rely on its invulnerability to external contaminants. Therefore, eggshell with no cracks and high resistance against loads during transportation, packaging, and so on is recommended. There are two methods for measurement of shell resistance: destructive and nondestructive methods. Modeling and simulation of eggshell by computer and finite element software (FEM) is one of the nondestructive methods which was used in this study to measure eggshell resistance. ANSYS 10 software was utilized to perform finite element analysis. In destructive testing of 90 hen eggs, the average eggshell rupture force was determined to be 22.7 N at 0.144 mm displacement when applying parallel plate force. Results of the finite element analysis showed that for 0.144 mm displacement, the estimated rupture force was 21.7 N. Results of FE analysis showed that maximum stress and displacement occurred at the point of application of the force interface with the supports and at the equator. Stress value at failure point was 14.307 MPa for the first principal stress, 8.75 MPa for the second and –0.028 MPa for the third principal stress by finite element method.
Deliberative Risk Ranking to Inform Homeland Security Strategic Planning
Authors: Lundberg Russell , Willis Henry H.
Published: April 2016

Reliably managing homeland security risks requires an understanding of which risks are more concerning than others. This paper applies a validated risk ranking methodology, the Deliberative Method for Ranking Risks, to the homeland security domain. This method provides a structured approach to elicit risk rankings from participants based on deliberative consideration of science-based risk assessments. Steps in this effort include first identifying the set of attributes that must be covered when describing terrorism and disaster hazards in a comprehensive manner, then developing concise summaries of existing knowledge of a broad set of homeland security hazards. Using these materials, the study elicits relative concerns about the hazards that are being considered. The relative concerns about hazards provide a starting point for prioritizing solutions for reducing risks to homeland security. The consistency and agreement of the rankings, as well as the individual satisfaction with the process and results, suggest that the Deliberative Method for Ranking Risks can be appropriately applied in the homeland security domain. The rankings themselves reflected greater concern over natural disasters than terrorist events. This research suggests that deliberative risk ranking methods could provide a valid and reliable description of individuals’ concerns about homeland security risks to inform strategic planning.
International Mobility of Capital in the United States: Robust Evidence from Time-Series Tests
Authors: Singh Tarlok
Published: April 2016

This study examines the relationship between domestic saving and investment and measures the international mobility of capital in the United States. The long-run model, “with” and “without” structural breaks, is estimated using several single-equation and system estimators to assess the robustness of results and take an exhaustive account of the methodological and measurement issues. The results provide dominant support for the long-run relationship between domestic saving and investment. The estimates of the slope parameter on saving above zero and the dominant support for cointegration between saving and investment across estimators vindicate the validity of intertemporal budget constraint and suggest the sustainability of current account deficits. The numerical magnitude of the slope parameter on saving is consistently low across estimators. The results showing the low slope parameter on saving resonate with the observed high mobility of capital. The estimates of the model with structural breaks reinforce the dominant support for the long-run relationship between domestic saving and investment. The inclusion of these structural breaks in the model generally reduces the numerical magnitude of the slope parameter on saving and suggests the high mobility of capital.
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for women with granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Tempfer Clemens B. , Solass Wiebke , Dogan Askin , Hefler Lukas A. , Reymond Marc-André
Published: April 2016

Background: Adult and juvenile granulosa cell tumors of the ovary are rare functional sex-cord-stromal ovarian neoplasms characterized by low malignant potential and late relapse. Evidence-based management options for primary and recurrent juvenile (JGCT) and adult (AGCT) granulosa cell tumors are limited and treatment options have not been standardized. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) may be an option to treat these women effectively.

Methods: Systematic literature review using PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.

Results: No reports of HIPEC among women with a first diagnosis of AGCT were identified. We identified 5 reports on the safety and therapeutic efficacy of CRS and HIPEC in 19 patients with recurrent AGCT and one patient with JGCT. The pooled rate of complete cytoreduction was 95 % (18/19) with 16 % (3/19) severe morbidity and no procedure-related mortality. The median time of follow-up was 30 (range, 3 to 72) months, during which 6/19 (31 %) patients experienced a recurrence and two patients (10 %) died of the disease.

Conclusion: CRS and HIPEC are a safe and potentially effective treatment option for selected women with recurrent AGCT limited to the abdomen.
Fomento de la atención y la conducta prosocial mediante la enseñanza musical / Promoting attention and prosocial behavior by means of musical teaching
Authors: Botella Nicolás Ana María , Montesinos Boscá Carolina
Published: April 2016

El propósito principal de este artículo es investigar el grado de evolución de la capacidad de atención y de la conducta prosocial en alumnado de segundo curso de primaria mediante la enseñanza de la música. Se utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental con diversas pruebas que se desarrollaron en 7 sesiones divididas en tres fases: pre-test, intervención y post-test, en las que participaron 24 niños y niñas. Los resultados obtenidos se correspondieron con la hipótesis planteada al reflejar una evolución positiva que nos condujo a concluir que la enseñanza de la música fomenta favorablemente la atención y la conducta prosocial.
Educar es amar y autorrealizarse / Education is love and self-realization
Authors: Gallego Jiménez Gloria , Bosch Rabell Magda
Published: April 2016

La presente investigación aborda la temática reflexiva sobre la educación centrada en la persona. Se suele dar mucha importancia a la educación como un mero proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje como señalan en lo últimos estudios recientes y sin darse cuenta se olvida lo fundamental: Educar es amar y autorrealizarse. Actualmente se observan estudios realizados sobre el proceso de metodologías que se llevan a cabo ya que ha supuesto un cambio de papeles entre profesores y alumnos. Sin embargo, la acción educativa se refiere a la persona y supone una ayuda para el desarrollo y perfeccionamiento de ésta. Los agentes educadores quieren siempre a través del diálogo o de otro tipo de comunicación el bien del educando, su plenitud de vida: la autorrealización. El rasgo más propio que evidencia la dignidad del hombre es la libertad, la capacidad de elección y de querer. Esto es posible por su conocimiento y amor, sensible e intelectivo. Este artículo realiza una reflexión sobre el amor que debe estar en consonancia con la inteligencia y la voluntad para llevar a cabo una educación íntegra. La racionalidad capacita a la persona para que realice procesos de abstracción a través de la comunicación con su medio, consiguiendo una actitud flexible y eficaz que permita discernir de una manera crítica.