bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of fasting on sodium-dependent glucose absorption in the mouse proximal small intestine
Authors: Nakamura Chisato , Yokoyama Kanako , Yazaki Yuyu , Tatsumi Fumiya , Ikumi Naotaka , Ishizuka Noriko , Hempstock Wendy , Hayashi Hisayoshi
Published: September 2022

Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting are known to alter the function of various organs and the mechanisms of glucose metabolism, which affect health outcomes and slow aging. However, it remains unclear how short-term fasting affects glucose absorption function in the small intestine. We studied the effects of the short-term fasting on glucose-induced short-circuit current (Isc) in vitro using an Ussing chamber technique. Glucose-induced Isc by SGLT1 was observed in the ileum, but little or no Isc was observed in the jejunum in ad libitum-fed mice. However, in mice fasted for 24–48 hours, in addition to the ileum, robust glucose-induced Isc was observed over time in the jejunum. An increase in Na+ permeability between epithelial cells was concomitantly observed in the jejunum of fasted mice. Transepithelial glucose flux was assessed using a non-metabolizable glucose analog, 14C-methyl α-D-glucopyranoside glucose (MGP). Regardless of whether fed or fasted, no glucose diffusion mechanism was observed. Fasting increased the SGLT1-mediated MGP flux in the jejunum. In conclusion, fasting resulted in a selective increase in SGLT1 transport activity and Na⁺ selectivity at tight junctions in the jejunum, but not in the ileum. This segment dependent upregulation during fasting is important for efficient glucose absorption after the fast is broken.
Evaluation of AYC-SENSITIVE® for Rapid Detection of Multi-Drug Resistance and Extensively- Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates
Authors: Yıldırım Kübra , Ataş Cemilenur , Şimşek Ece , Çoban Ahmet Yılmaz
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the AYC-SENSITIVE® kit for rapid detection of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) isolates. With the AYC-SENSITIVE® kit, a total of 36 isolates for susceptibility testing were evaluated (5 of which are standard (M. tuberculosis H37Rv; ATCC35822 (INH-resistant); ATCC35838 (RIF-resistant); ATCC35820 (STR-resistant) and ATCC35837 (EMB-resistant)) and 31 of which are clinic isolates). Susceptibility results were compared with the nitrate reductase test in Middlebrook 7H9 broth and the BACTEC MGIT 960 system which is the reference method. When the results were compared with the reference method, sensitivities were 100, 95, 100, 100%; specificities were 100, 100, 100, 92.86%; positive predictive values were (PPV) 100, 100, 100, 95.65%; negative predictive values (NPV) were 100, 94.12, 100, 100%, and the agreements were 100, 97.22, 100, 97.22% for INH, RIF, EMB, STR, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility results with AYC-SENSITIVE® were obtained on the 5th day of incubation for 33 isolates and the 14th day of incubation for 3 isolates. Our results show that AYC-SENSITIVE® is a rapid kit that can be used in routine studies in laboratories suitable for tuberculosis for the early detection of MDR-TB and XDR-TB.
A versatile approach to evaluate the occurrence of microfibers in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Tyrrhenian Sea
Authors: Volgare Michela , Santonicola Serena , Cocca Mariacristina , Avolio Roberto , Castaldo Rachele , Errico Maria Emanuela , Gentile Gennaro , Raimo Gennaro , Gasperi Maurizio , Colavita Giampaolo
Published: September 2022

Microplastic of fibrous shape are esteemed to be the most abundant micro-debris form present in the environment, and considered a ubiquitous microplastic pollution that was recognized as a potential environmental stressor. In this study, a versatile approach to evaluate the occurrence of microfibers is proposed, able to discriminate among natural and synthetic microfibers, in farmed mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Tyrrhenian Sea. The approach was useful to determine that microfibers were present in 74% of mussel samples, with a mean number of 14.57 microfibers/individual, corresponding to 3.13 microfibers/g w.w.. A negative correlation between the size of analysed mussels and the amount of microfibers/g w.w. (r(48)=-.339, p = .016) was detected, showing that smaller specimens contained more microfibers than the larger ones. This work pave the way to further studies aimed to adequately assess the risk that microfibers may pose for marine biota, also considering the commercial value as seafood items of many species of the Mytilus genus and the potential implication for human health.
Towards More Generalizable and Accurate Sentence Classification in Medical Abstracts with Less Data
Authors: Hu Yan , Chen Yong , Xu Hua
Published: September 2022

Purpose: With the unprecedented growth of biomedical publications, it is important to have structured abstracts in bibliographic databases (i.e., PubMed), thus, to facilitate the information retrieval and knowledge synthesis in needs of researchers.
Methods: Here we propose a few-shot prompt learning-based approach to classify sentences in medical abstracts of randomized clinical trials (RCT) and observational studies (OS) to subsections of Introduction, Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusion, using an existing corpus of RCT (PubMed 200k/20k RCT) and a newly built corpus of OS (PubMed 20k OS). 5 manually designed templates in a combination of 4 BERT model variants were tested and compared to a previous Hierarchical Sequential Labeling Network architecture and traditional BERT-based sentence classification method.
Results: On the PubMed 200k and 20k RCT datasets, we achieved overall F1 scores of 0.9508 and 0.9401 respectively. Under few-shot settings, we demonstrated that only 20\% of training data is sufficient to achieve a comparable F1 score by the HSLN model (0.9266 by us and 0.9263 by HSLN). When trained on the RCT dataset, our method achieved a 0.9065 F1 score on the OS dataset. When trained on the OS dataset, our method achieved a 0.9203 F1 score on the RCT dataset.
Conclusion: We show that the prompt learning-based method outperformed the existing method, even when fewer training samples were used. Moreover, the proposed method shows better generalizability across two types of medical publications when compared with the existing approach.
Transcriptome wide identification of CDR family in Citrus latifolia and its expression during HLB infection
Authors: Rosa Felipe Roberto Flores-de la , González-Cruz Carlos , Adame-García Jacel , Chan-León Arianna , Santillán-Mendoza Ricardo , Santamaría Jorge M. , Estrella-Maldonado Humberto
Published: September 2022

Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most important disease in citrus production around the world. Currently, there are not HLB-resistant citrus species or genotypes, however, Persian lime (Citrus latifolia Tan.) has been reported as the most tolerant citrus species to this disease, but their molecular mechanisms of tolerance has not being characterized yet. In other citrus species, Poncirus trifoliate, it has been suggested that the overexpression of CDR genes is associated to HLB tolerance, therefore, the aim of this work was to identify CDR gene family members in the Persian lime transcriptome and to determine if the HLB infection induces their expression. A Bayesian approach was used to search transcripts with one or two catalytic domains, then, a non-weighted parsimony phylogeny for CDR genes was carried out with the selected transcripts from C latifolia, P. trifoliata and C. sinensis, to identify phylogenetic homologous. The corresponding encoded proteins were obtained from the selected genes, and the similarity among them was estimated using alignments, identity matrix, UPGMA and conserved motifs analysis. Once the ClCDR genes were identified, their expression was determined with the transcriptome data and validated by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR in tissues of asymptomatic and HBL-symptomatic leaves. 146 sequences with one or two catalytic domains, were found, and 7 CDR clades were recovered. Similarity analysis demonstrated that there is a complex relationship among CDR genes and proteins in the species used in the present study. Moreover, the transcriptome and qRT-PCR data showed that none of the ClCDRgenes were expressed, neither in healthy nor in HLB-infected Persian lime plants, except for the ClCDR8a gene, which showed high expression. However, no significant differences were found between the ClCDR8a REL values from symptomatic or non-symptomatic leaves. Our results demonstrated the presence of CDR genes in the Persian lime genome, however, they suggest that HLB tolerance is not correlated with the overexpression of this gene family in this species.
Robot-assisted Complex Urinary Tract Reconstruction Using Intestinal Segments: Redefining the Paradigm
Authors: KUSHWAHA SWAPNIL SINGH , KALRA SIDHARTHA , N DORAIRAJAN L , S SREERAG K , ALI MUJAHID , PURUSHOTHAMAN JITHESH , KHURANA CHIRANJEET SINGH
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Complex urinary tract reconstruction has significantly advanced with the increasing use of robot-assisted procedures. Robotic surgery aims to achieve the same outcomes as open surgery while minimizing morbidity by causing less blood loss, faster postoperative recovery, and reducing complications. This article shares our technique, challenges encountered, and experience of robot-assisted complex urinary tract reconstruction using intestinal segments.
METHODOLOGY:
Between January 2020 to March 2022, 6 patients who underwent robot-assisted complex urinary tract reconstruction using intestinal segments at our centre were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, clinical, and operative data were recorded. Patients underwent renal function tests, blood gas analysis, and radiographic imaging in the follow-up. Symptomatic and radiologic relief were the criteria for success.
RESULTS:
Out of 6 cases, three patients underwent ileal ureter replacement, two combined ileal ureter with augmentation ileo-cystoplasty and one augmentation ileo-cystoplasty alone. The mean age, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, and follow-up period were 32.6 years, 110 ± 13.1 mL, 7.0 ± 1.1days, and 11.3 months respectively. The indications for surgery were either benign ureteral stricture following lithotripsy or sequelae of genitourinary tuberculosis. No intra-operative complications were found. Clavien-Dindo grade-II and Grade-III were found in three and one patient, respectively. During follow-up, none had compromised renal function or acidosis.
CONCLUSION:
Robot-assisted complex urinary tract reconstruction using intestinal segments is safe and offers the advantages of minimally invasive techniques. Techniques demonstrated in this article make these reconstructions feasible with good surgical and clinical outcomes.
Hierarchical Group Lasso Regression for Efficiently Identifying Interactions in Healthcare Risk-Adjustment Models
Authors: Ray Monika , Zhao Sharon , Wang Sheng , Bohl Alex , Romano Patrick S.
Published: September 2022

Researchers use risk-adjustment models to account for severity of illness in comparing patient outcomes across hospitals. Researchers specify important features as main effects, but they ignore interaction effects or use stratification methods, to account for effect modification, despite its limitations resulting from the number of potential strata. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Inpatient Quality Indicator (IQI) 11, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Mortality, is stratified into four groups based on the type of repair and rupture. IQI 09, Pancreatic Resection Mortality Rate, is stratified into two groups based on the presence of pancreatic cancer. The variable performance of these models motivated design of better models. We used hierarchical group lasso regularisation (HGLR) to identify first-order interactions in patient discharge data used in the development of risk-standardised models. HGLR identified unsuspected but clinically meaningful interactions for IQI 11, which has a heterogeneous population, but not for IQI 09. Synergistic interactions, such as between hypertension and respiratory failure, suggest patients merit special attention in perioperative care. Antagonistic interactions, such as between shock at admission and chronic comorbidities, illustrate that naïve main effects models overpredict risk in key population subsets, leading to miscalibrated models that yield biased estimates of hospital performance. HGLR is a useful and necessary step to identify first-order interactions for the development of robust risk-adjustment models used by agencies and stakeholders to rank hospitals in the US.
Higher TOX（Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box）expression in tumor microenvironment predicts poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer
Authors: Li Sai , Yang Sifu , Hong Yupeng
Published: September 2022

Background
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies with a dismal prognosis that poses a serious threat to human health, highlighting the need for more knowledge about what is required for identifying some biomarkers for early diagnosis, prediction of prognosis and disease monitoring. TOX, a critical transcription factor related to the development of malignancies that contributing to lymphocytes not just T cells, had been proved prognostic value in some spectrum of cancers. Here, we aimed to study the prognostic role of TOX in ovarian cancer.
Results
We found that TOX was not only expressed in CD8 T cells but also tumor cells. TOX expression score was higher in ovarian cancer tissues and correlated with survival status. Survival analysis revealed that ovarian cancer patients with high TOX expression score generally shorter overall survival and disease-free survival times. Univariate and Multivariate Cox demonstrated that TOX expression score could be used as an independent prognostic factor for patients with ovarian cancer.
Conclusion
TOX expression in ovarian cancer could be a promising tool for predict overall survival of ovarian cancer patients.
Crop Models Improve Growth Simulation by Including Phenological Response to Water Stress
Authors: Mankin Kyle , Edmunds Debora , McMaster Gregory , Fox Fred , Wagner Larry , Green Timothy
Published: September 2022

Crop models can provide insights into the impacts of climate and management on crop growth and yield, but most currently are limited by overly simplistic assumptions about phenological development and response to water stress. We assessed winter wheat growth and yield performance of three crop models with lineage to the EPIC crop submodel. SWAT adopted the EPIC approach with few modifications, WEPS added new biomass accumulation, partitioning, and canopy approaches linked to key phenological development stages, and UPGM added to WEPS a detailed phenology component simulating responses to water stress. The models were evaluated with default parameters and compared to experimental data for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from two sites and a range of water-stress conditions for yield, aboveground biomass, biomass partitioning, canopy height, harvest index, and leaf area index. All models simulated yield very well (index of agreement [d] ≥ 0.93), but differences in model performance were increasingly evident for biomass (d = 0.91 [WEPS] to 0.86 [SWAT]), final canopy height (d = 0.68 [UPGM] to 0.44 [SWAT]), and harvest index (d = 0.61 [WEPS] to 0.43 [SWAT]). Errors in biomass simulation were most evident in the grain-filling period late in the growing season. Both WEPS and UPGM exhibited improved simulation of biomass and other response variables by including more explicit simulation of phenological response to water stress. The consistent improvement in winter wheat growth and yield simulation achieved with detailed phenology simulation provides an incentive to develop and test detailed phenology simulation components for other crops: currently 11 crops are simulated in UPGM, although the phenological parameters are uncalibrated. Better modeling linkages of water-stressed phenological development with other physiological processes will be critical to inform crop production where water stress and irrigation limitation are concerns.
On the Origin of Chemically Graded Metal/Ceramic Interface
Authors: Gollapalli Prince , Kishor PSVRA , Yadav Satyesh Kumar
Published: September 2022

A gradual variation in chemical composition at an atomic level in a metal/ceramic interface would result in a gradual variation in structural features that can give rise to unusual properties of the heterostructure. One of the ways such atomic-level chemical gradation can be achieved is by diffusion of anions from ceramic to metal. This process is perceived to be unfavorable because it requires the creation of anion vacancies in ceramic and anion interstitials in metal. We use the sum of C, N, or O vacancy formation energy in ceramics and their interstitial formation energy in metals to assess the possibility of migration of anions across the metal/ceramic interface, leading to an atomically chemically graded interface. We use the first-principles density functional theory to calculate the driving force for a few scientifically and technologically important metal/ceramic systems: a combination of 10 metals (M=Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mg, Al, Cr, and Fe) and corresponding 30 ceramics MaXb (X=C, N, and O). The metal/ceramic systems that favor chemical gradation have metals from group IVB and VB mainly due to the large negative interstitial formation energies.
In vivo apatite-forming ability of second-generation hydraulic calcium silicate cements in rat subcutaneous tissue
Authors: Edanami Naoki , Takenaka Shoji , Belal Razi Saifullah Ibn , Yoshiba Kunihiko , Takahara Shintaro , Yoshiba Nagako , Ohkura Naoto , Noiri Yuichiro
Published: September 2022

Objectives
The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo apatite-forming ability of 17 second-generation hydraulic calcium silicate cements (HCSCs) with the first-generation HCSC, white ProRoot MTA (PR).
Materials and Methods
Seventeen second-generation HCSCs and PR were implanted in rat subcutaneous tissue for 28 days. After inplantation, Raman spectra were taken from the surface of the HCSC implants and blindly evaluated for the presence or absence of a band at 960 cm− 1 indicating apatite. Apatite formation was also assessed with surface characterization and elemental mapping.
Results
The Raman band for apatite was detected on only seven second-generation HCSCs and PR. These seven HCSCs exhibited apatite-like calcium- and phosphorus-rich spherical precipitates on their surface. Three types of HCSCs had a Raman band at 962 cm− 1 that may have obscured the Raman band for apatite at 960 cm− 1; however, elemental mapping demonstrated the absence of calcium-phosphorus-rich apatite-layer-like regions on these HCSCs.
Conclusions
Only 7 of the 17 second-generation HCSCs and PR produced apatite in vivo within 28 days.
Clinical Relevance:
The 10 types of second-generation HCSCs that did not exhibit apatite formation may not be suitable substitutes for PR due to their weak in vivo apatite-forming ability.
Complete genomic sequence of turnip mosaic virus infecting passionfruit in Fujian province of China
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Xie Lixue , Chen Xihong , Chen Jiangshan , Shen Jianguo , Gao Fangluan
Published: September 2022

The complete genome sequence of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), isolated from diseased passion fruit (Passiflora edulia) in Fujian Province, China (TuMV-FJ) was determined. The viral genome was found to be 9,833 nucleotides in length excluding the poly(A) tail and to encode a polyprotein of 3164 amino acids, which was predicted to be cleaved into ten functional proteins by viral proteases. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that TuMV-FJ had closest phylogenetic relationship to BJ-B01, an isolate from Brassica oleracea in the world-B phylogenetic group of TuMV. Sequence analysis showed that TuMV-FJ shared more than 94% nucleotide and amino acid identities with BJ-B01. These results suggest that TuMV-FJ is a novel isolate of TuMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the complete genome sequence of TuMV infecting P. edulia.
Selective polyethylene glycol attachment to hemerythrin for potential use in blood substitutes
Authors: Arkosi Mariann-Kinga , Mot Augustin C. , Lupan Iulia , Tegla Miruna Georgiana Ghinia , Silaghi-Dumitrescu Radu
Published: September 2022

The oxygen carrying protein hemerythrin represents an alternative raw material to hemoglobin-based blood substitutes due to its reversible oxygen binding properties, relatively low redox reactivity and limited cytotoxicity. In order to increase the hydrodynamic volume and lower antigenicity, two site-directed variants, H82C and K92C, containing a single cysteine residue on the surface of each subunit of the hemerythrin octamer were engineered for specific attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG). A sulfhydryl-reactive PEGylation reagent with a 51.9 Å spacer arm was employed for selective cysteine derivatization. The mutants were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, size-exclusion chromatography, oxygen affinity and autooxidation rate measurements. The H82C variant showed altered oligomeric behavior compared to the wild-type and was unstable in the met form. The PEGylated K92C variant was reasonably stable, displayed an oxygen affinity similar to that of the wild-type, and showed an increased rate of autoxidation; the latter disadvantage may be counteracted by further chemical modifications.
Realistic Scenarios of Pesticide Exposure Alters Multiple Biomarkers in Boana Pulchella (Anura) Adult Frogs
Authors: Pérez-Iglesias Juan Manuel , Natale Guillermo Sebastian , Brodeur Julie Celine , Larramendy Marcelo Luis
Published: September 2022

Imazethapyr, a post-emergent herbicide used in worldwide soybean and corn crops, induces genetic and biochemical alterations in aquatic vertebrates. This study examined relationship between biomarkers at different organization levels and imazethapyr real-life route exposure in Boana pulchella adults. Frogs were exposed to imazethapyr-based formulation Pivot® H (10.59%) at concentrations representing possible acute routes: field runoff (S1:10 mg.L− 1), direct foliar application with posterior frog presence (S2:100 mg.L− 1) and with frog presence (S3:1000 mg.L− 1). Post-exposure, endpoints levels were evaluated: organism alterations, biochemical activities and cytogenetic assays. Forty-eight hours post-exposure, antioxidant enzymes decrease, micronuclei induction and DNA damage were observed in all scenarios; while cholinesterase activity increase and body condition reduction were observed in frog-exposed to S3. Ninety-six hours post-exposure, frogs showed glutathione-S-transferase inhibition in S1, micronuclei induction in S2 and S3, and DNA-damage increase in S3. Herbicides routes of exposures in real-life could indicate that authorized applications have a risk to frogs populations.
Curcumin suppresses cell proliferation and reduces cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 cells by activating the TRPA1 channel
Authors: Qin Si , Su Qian , Li Xiang , Shao Muqing , Zhang Yindi , Yu Fadong , Ni Yinxing , Zhong Jian
Published: September 2022

Background: Curcumin (Cur) is a bioactive dietary polyphenol of turmeric with various biological activities against several cancers. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Intestinal cholesterol homeostasis is associated with CRC. A variety of side effects have been observed in patients with CRC because of treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, natural products can be an important strategy for potentially developing a com-plementary option for the primary prevention of CRC.
Methods: The present study used Cur as a therapeutic approach against CRC using the Caco-2 cell line. Based on the relative cell viability assessment up to a 100 μM concentration of Cur, a low-toxic concentration of 10 μM was adopted for further investigation.
Results: Cur inhibited cell proliferation in Caco-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner by activating the TRPA1 channel. Furthermore, the Cur-activated TRPA1 channel led to increased intracellular calcium, PPARγ upregulation, and the subsequent downregulation of the SP-1/SREBP-2/NPC1L1 signaling pathway-related proteins, and finally reduce cholesterol absorp-tion in Caco-2 cells.
Conclusions: Cur inhibits cell proliferation and reduces cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 cells through the Ca2+/PPARγ/SP-1/SREBP-2/NPC1L1 signaling by activating the TRPA1 channel, suggesting that Cur can be used as a dietary supplement for the primary prevention of CRC.
Effects of vegetation densities on the performance of attractive targeted sugar baits (ATSBs) for malaria vector control: a semi-field study
Authors: Muyaga Letus L. , Meza Felician C. , Kahamba Najat F. , Njalambaha Rukiyah M. , Msugupakulya Betwel J. , Kaindoa Emmanuel W. , Ngowo Halfan S. , Okumu Fredros O.
Published: September 2022

Background
Attractive targeted sugar baits (ATSBs) control sugar-feeding mosquitoes with oral toxicants, and may effectively complement core malaria interventions such as insecticide-treated nets even where pyrethroid-resistance is widespread. The technology is particularly efficacious in arid areas. However, their performance remains poorly-understood in tropical areas with year-round transmission, and where the abundant vegetation constitutes competitive sugar sources for mosquitoes. This study compared the efficacies of ATSBs (active ingredient: 2% boric acid) in controlled settings with different vegetation densities.
Methods
Potted mosquito-friendly plants were introduced inside semi-field chambers (9.6m by 9.6m each) to simulate densely-vegetated, sparsely-vegetated, and bare sites without any vegetation (two chambers/category). All chambers had volunteer-occupied huts. Laboratory-reared Anopheles arabiensis females were released nightly (200/chamber) and host-seeking mosquitoes recaptured using human landing catches outdoors (8.00pm – 9.00pm) and CDC-light traps indoors (9.00pm – 6.00am). Additionally, resting mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors each morning using Prokopack aspirators. The tests included a “before-and-after” set-up (with pre-ATSBs, ATSB and post-ATSB phases per chamber), and a “treatment vs. control” set-up (where similar chambers had ATSBs or no ATSBs). All tests lasted 84 trap-nights.
Results
In the initial tests when all chambers had no vegetation, the ATSBs reduced outdoor-biting by 69.7%, indoor-biting by 79.8% and the resting mosquitoes by 92.8%. In tests evaluating impact of vegetation, the efficacy of ATSBs against host-seeking mosquitoes was high in bare chambers (outdoors: 64.1% reduction; indoors: 46.8%) but modest or low in sparsely-vegetated (outdoors: 34.5%; indoors: 26.2%) and densely-vegetated chambers (outdoors: 25.4%; indoors: 16.1%). Against resting mosquitoes, the ATSBs performed modestly across settings (non-vegetated: 37.5% outdoors and 38.7% indoors; sparsely-vegetated: 42.9% outdoors and 37.5% indoors; densely-vegetated: 45.5% outdoors and 37.5% indoors). Vegetation significantly reduced the efficacy of ATSBs against outdoor-biting and indoor-biting (P < 0.001), but not resting mosquitoes.
Conclusion
While vegetation can influence the performance of ATSBs, the devices remain modestly efficacious in sparsely-vegetated and densely-vegetated settings. Higher efficacies may occur in places with minimal or completely no vegetation, but such environments are naturally unlikely to sustain Anopheles populations nor malaria transmission in the first place. Field studies therefore remain necessary to validate the efficacies of ATSBs in the tropics.
Impact of the Closed, Semi-Opened, and Combined Contra-Rotating Stages on Volume Loss Characteristics
Authors: Kulikov Oleksandr , Ratushnyi Оleksandr , Moloshnyi Oleksandr , Ivchenko Oleksandr , Pavlenko Ivan
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to studying the contra-rotating stages with different impellers and blade discs. Determining the reduction of volumetric losses by modeling the contra-rotating stages in the software package ANSYS CFX. The work aimed to create and study the flow and characteristics: semi-open, closed impellers, and blade discs. As a result of the work, the following contra-rotating stages were determined and compared: the semi-opened impeller with the semi-opened blade disc; the closed impeller with the closed blade disc; the semi-opened impeller with the closed blade disc; the closed impeller with the semi-opened blade disc. As a result of research, fluid flows in contra-rotating stages and their characteristics in the form of pressure and efficiency were obtained. According to the obtained data, the expediency of using contra-rotating stages as a working body of the pump is written.
Emerging Water Pollutants from Industrial Processes
Authors: Jusoh N.W.C. , Jaafar N.F. , Masudi A. , Liew P.Y.
Published: September 2022

The widespread problem of water pollution endangers human health. Every
year unsafe water causes more deaths than war and integrates all other forms of
violence. Industrial activities create a large source of emerging water pollutants that are
highly harmful to humans and the environment. This leads to increasing concern for the
possible ecological impact of these pollutants on the environment. This chapter
identifies various emerging water pollutants produced from different industrial
processes (e.g., petrochemical production, textile, paper and pulp, semiconductor/
electroplating, and metal production). The possible route of pollution formation is
discussed in this chapter. In addition, the impact of the produced water pollutants on
the environment and health has been elucidated. Furthermore, the concerns of emerging
contaminants remain a moving subject as the new pollutants continuously are being
produced in industrial processes. In response, an insight into the challenges of
minimizing water pollution is also focused on mutual benefit.
Water Quality Assessment and Risk Analysis Calculation of Chloride and Sodium Exposure of Well Water in Tanggulangin, Sidoarjo
Authors:   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Adiyaksa Ilham Putra , Sulianto Akhmad Adi ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Gennadyevich Savichev Oleg ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: September 2022

Tanggulangin is one of the areas affected by the Lapindo mud, also one of the sub-districts in Sidoarjo with many working industries. Some research reported that there was a decrease in the quality of well water in Tanggulangin due to these things, as well as a lack of public awareness of the environmental issues. Thus, this study aims to assess the quality of well water in the village of Kedensari, Tanggulangin, Sidoarjo based on physico-chemical characteristics. In addition, using the general equation from the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), this paper discusses the calculation of the risk analysis of chloride and sodium exposure to health in three scenarios, 1) an adult weighing 80 kg and consuming water for 20 years; 2) an adult weighing 60 kg and consuming water for 20 years; and 3) children weighing 20 kg and consuming water for 8 years. Based on the measurement results of several parameters, physically and chemically, as well as organoleptic observations, and compared with the health ministry regulations, the water in the area is safe for consumption. However, based on the results of calculations, exposure to chloride and sodium from the water poses a risk to health in the specified time with an RQ value of more than 1. The risk from exposure to chloride is greater than from sodium.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Tapioka dan Margarin terhadap Karakteristik Patty Burger Keong Sawah (Pila ampullacea)
Authors:   UPN ”Veteran” Jawa Timur, Sarofa Ulya , Wicaksono Luqman Agung ,   UPN ”Veteran” Jawa Timur, Wayuni Ayin Ika ,   UPN ”Veteran” Jawa Timur
Published: September 2022

Keong sawah merupakan salah satu sumber protein yang dikonsumsi oleh sebagian masyarakat karena mengandung asam lemak omega 6, niacin, folat serta rendah kolesterol. Pengolahan daging keong sawah menjadi patty burger diharapkan dapat memberikan alternatif produk yang praktis dan disukai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh perlakuan konsentrasi tapioka dan margarin terhadap karakteristik patty burger keong sawah. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi tapioka (5%, 10%, 15%) dan faktor kedua konsentrasi margarin (15%, 20%, 25%). Data yang diperoleh diuji menggunakan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan terbaik didapatkan dari perlakuan konsentrasi tapioka 10% dan margarin 15% yang didapatkan patty burger dengan kadar air 31.09%, kadar abu 2.55%, kadar protein 19.21%, kadar lemak 23.79%, kadar pati 20.99%, susut masak 30.59%, tekstur 0.014 mm/gr/dt dan hasil evaluasi sensory meliputi warna dengan rata-rata nilai 3.25 (netral), rasa dengan rata-rata nilai 3.75 (suka) dan aroma dengan rata-rata nilai 3.75 (suka).
FAMILIA TALINACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Hernández-Ledesma Patricia , Ocampo Gilberto ,   Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes
Published: September 2022

Familia de tres géneros y alrededor de 28 especies distribuidas principalmente en África. Amhipetalum Bacigalupo con una sola especie, es habitante de Bolivia y Paraguay; Talinella Baill., con 12 especies, es endémico de Madagascar y Talinum Adans., con ca. 15 especies, se distribuye principalmente en África, con algunos representantes en Norte América. En el área de estudio solo se registra Talinum.
FAMILIA ANACAMPSEROTACEAE
Authors:   California Academy of Sciences, Ocampo Gilberto
Published: September 2022

La familia abarca tres géneros (Anacampseros, Grahamia y Talinopsis) con alrededor de 36 especies distribuidas en las Américas, África y Australia, con importantes centros de diversidad en el Viejo Mundo. Los taxa de Anacampserotaceae son muy apreciados por los entusiastas de las plantas suculentas.
FAMILIA IRIDACEAE
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Espejo Serna Adolfo , López-Ferrari Ana Rosa ,   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ceja Romero Jacqueline ,   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa
Published: September 2022

La familia cuenta con entre 60 y 80 géneros y alrededor de 1500 especies de distribución mundial, aunque más ricamente representadas en el hemisferio sur, principalmente en Sudáfrica y en América tropical y subtropical. Existen en el país especies introducidas de varios géneros ampliamente cultivadas debido a sus vistosas flores y de la región de la Flora se conocen entre otros Gladiolus, Iris, Freesia y Watsonia. En la zona de estudio se presentan ocho géneros de plantas silvestres.
FAMILIA BEGONIACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Ramírez-Amezcua Yocupitzia
Published: September 2022

La familia se encuentra ampliamente distribuida en las regiones tropicales del mundo (excepto en Australia) y forma parte de Cucurbitales. Está integrada por Hillebrandtia, un género monotípico y endémico a Hawai, y Begonia, que con unas 1400 especies es uno de los géneros más grandes de plantas. Algunos autores reconocen también Symbegonia a nivel genérico, pero recientes estudios moleculares sugieren que este grupo de 12 especies de Nueva Guinea forma parte de Begonia.
FAMILIA POLYGONACEAE
Authors:   Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Herbario FEZA, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Castillejos Cruz Carlos , Solano Eloy ,   Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Herbario FEZA, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: September 2022

La familia Polygonaceae tiene distribución cosmopolita; es particularmente diversa en regiones de clima templado, aunque también se encuentra bien representada en los trópicos y subtrópicos. Está conformada por aproximadamente 43 géneros y 1100 especies. Para México se registran 17 y 142, respectivamente. La presencia de una estípula, también conocida como ócrea, que rodea al tallo o peciolo, es una característica distintiva de la mayor parte de los miembros de esta familia. Algunos de sus representantes se utilizan como plantas ornamentales, otros crecen a orillas de caminos, carreteras, en áreas perturbadas y campos de cultivo. Varias se consideran malezas agresivas.
Factors impacting the delay in diagnosis and treatment of testicular cancer: A review
Authors: Clarke Rose , Williams Thomas
Published: September 2022

Early diagnosis and management of testicular cancer can improve mortality and prognosis. This systematic review found extensive patient-, physician-, and system-related factors that increased the length of time to diagnosis. Future preventative strategies should target the modifiable factors such as lack of awareness, embarrassment, accessibility, general practitioner education, and clinical training and streamlined imaging processes.
Human head analysis for mass customisation in medical design: A pilot study
Authors: Rex Binder Jonathan , Unver Ertu , Cardoso Huerta Omar Ivan
Published: September 2022

Scalp cooling is a clinically proven treatment for addressing chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA). Previous studies show that the efficacy of this treatment relies on accurate cranial data so that designers can produce close-fitting scalp cooling caps. The cephalic index is often used, but are that data still accurate? We conducted a pilot study to explore mass customisation of scalp cooling caps.
Development of a bespoke 3D-printed spinal brace for lumbar support
Authors: Fryett George , Luke Siena Francesco , Watkins Matthew , Breedon Philip
Published: September 2022

Low back pain (LBP) is a significant contributor to disabilities in the UK. Many factors cause LBP, including poor posture, obesity, and spinal fractures, all resulting in spiralling healthcare costs. If spinal fractures are not properly braced, they can lead to weakened vertebrae in the spine and larger risks that can reoccur. There are many problems with flexible, semi-rigid and rigid braces currently available on the market. We present the user-centred design approach undertaken by a multidisciplinary design team consisting of product designers, design engineers, technical specialists, and healthcare professionals to develop a bespoke 3D-printed spinal brace using a digital design workflow.
Online, asynchronous conferences are poised to disrupt the conference industry
Authors: Jiwa Moyez , McManus Alexandra
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted business and life as usual and led to global shutdowns for travel. Conferences, which are a key part of professional development, were also stunted and many were forced to go online. Excessive online engagement has produced Zoom fatigue. This editorial explores the value of in-person versus online conferences and points out some factors that are key for success. We also introduce the concept of the Global Mini-Conference (GMC) as a regular calendar event tailored to the needs of a specific audience in an open forum.
Descriptores de guandul (Cajanus cajan [L.] Huth.), guía ilustrada y catálogo técnico
Authors: Arenas-Rubio Isueh , Moreno Pérez Sheilla , Montero Cantillo Yesith Darith , Gutiérrez-Berdugo Iván Antonio
Published: September 2022

Esta obra presenta las fichas técnicas de las acce­siones de guandul recuperadas mediante el ejercicio etnobotánico realizado con los guandicultores del Caribe seco colombiano. También se recopilan las colecciones biológicas que conforman los bancos de germoplasma más importantes de Colombia: el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) y Agrosavia. Este catálogo está dirigido a investigadores, empresas productoras de semillas, profe­sionales del agro, organizaciones de producto­res o productores individualizados, asistentes técnicos, semilleristas, viveristas, curadores de ban­cos de germoplasma y demás actores dedicados a la producción y conservación del recurso genético del guandul, para establecer nuevos cultivos, recu­perar accesiones ancestrales en riesgo de erosión genética o regenerar los materiales promisorios en áreas existentes.
Desintoxicación de la yuca y preparación de ereba: aporte en el fortalecimiento de la seguridad alimentaria del pueblo Garífuna en Honduras
Authors: Marcía Jhunior , Álvarez Gil Manuel , Flores Varela Laura , Henríquez Carlos M. , Sosa Lilian , Fernández Perez Sergio , Ruíz Santiago J.
Published: September 2022

Desde la cosmovisión de la antropología alimentaria, al estudiar los orígenes de los pueblos, se asume metafóricamente que los latinoamericanos “somos hombres de maíz y de yuca”; la comunidad Garífuna de Honduras es la principal consumidora de yuca y derivados como el ereba (casabe) y sobresale en la técnica gastronómica ancestral para su elaboración, lo que promueve la soberanía alimentaria. La Agenda 2030, impone a las universidades, la necesidad de dar respuesta a los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS), varios de ellos relacionados con la alimentación. Este artículo tiene por objetivo realizar como academia, una alerta a la comunidad Garífuna hondureña sobre el consumo de la yuca y el casabe para ayudar a garantizar la seguridad y la soberanía alimentaria de esta población desprotegida y pobre de Honduras, mediante una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva, contribuyendo así a afrontar los retos de los ODS de la Agenda 2030, teniendo en cuenta la toxicidad de la yuca, las enfermedades provocadas por la posible intoxicación respecto a su consumo y los métodos de detoxificación ancestral utilizada para hacer casabe.

Palabras clave: Compuestos Cianogénicos, Comunidad Garífuna, Toxicidad, Detoxificación.
Doctor 1847: Software multiplataforma y multidispositivo para facilitar el autodiagnóstico, triaje y seguimiento de pacientes sospechosos y confirmados por SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Zablah José Isaac , García Loureiro Antonio , Diaz Salvador , Molina Yolly , Cardona Ana , Agudelo Carlos A. , Coello Francisco , Espinoza Christian , Oliva Karen , Valle-Reconco Jorge Alberto
Published: September 2022

Los servicios de emergencia a nivel mundial se han visto sobrepasados en sus capacidades debido a la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2, situación generalizada en países con sistemas sanitarios robustos y agravados en países rezagados. Como una solución, la aplicación Doctor 1847 se desarrolló entre los meses de abril y mayo de 2020 en Tegucigalpa, Honduras; para hacer auto diagnóstico, triaje, seguimiento de pacientes sospechosos y confirmados por infección de SARS-CoV-2, reduciendo las demoras sanitarias. Con este software se minimizó la congestión de pacientes que acuden a una emergencia hospitalaria por considerar tener esta enfermedad, al hacer uso de manera temprana de esta herramienta se obtiene la identificación de signos y síntomas de peligro que pueden conllevar a estados críticos que requieren acceso a servicios de urgencia y especializados. También se disminuyó el riesgo a pacientes sanos, personal sanitario y de servicio, de exponerse a un verdadero riesgo. De forma complementaria, se entregó una interfaz web con datos útiles para los tomadores de decisiones en cuanto al control de esta pandemia, conociendo el comportamiento sintomático de esta enfermedad en el país. Todo lo anterior ha sido posible debido al paradigma de la computación en la nube, aprovechando su capacidad elástica y ubicua; en conjunto con las capacidades de las redes convergentes de nueva generación y dispositivos móviles inteligentes.

Palabras clave: SARS-CoV-2; Telemedicina; Triaje; Salud Pública; Epidemiología; Computación en la Nube
El procesamiento del grano de café. Del tueste a la infusión
Authors: Portillo Ostilio R.
Published: September 2022

El café es una de las bebidas más consumidas en el mundo y su popularidad no está basada en su valor nutricional o sus potenciales beneficios a la salud, si no en su sabor placentero y las propiedades estimulantes de la cafeína. Esto es respaldado por las últimas estadísticas publicadas por la Organización Internacional del Café (ICO, por sus siglas en inglés) según la cual aproximadamente 1.4 billones de tazas de café son consumidas diariamente además del hecho de que la taza de consumo global se ha duplicado en los últimos 50 años por causa de la apertura de nuevos mercados.
La amplia aceptación del café está ligada a sus propiedades sensoriales las cuales a su vez están fuertemente influenciadas por una cadena de eventos que inician desde la cosecha y las practicas postcosecha (i.e., fermentación, lavado, secado, tamizado, eliminación de granos defectuosos y almacenamiento), seguidas por el tueste, molido y empacado del producto para su posterior comercialización. No obstante, existen otros factores que también afectan las propiedades organolépticas de la bebida tales como, pero no limitado a: el pH y temperatura del agua, las mezclas realizadas antes o después del tueste, la especie y/o variedad de café, las adulteraciones, la incorporación de aditivos, el método de preparación de la bebida, el tipo de recipiente en el que se sirve la infusión, entre otros.
El presente artículo presenta una breve descripción de los factores que afectan la calidad de la taza relacionados con el procesamiento del grano oro del café. Sin embargo, aunque los factores ya mencionados son tomados en consideración por los catadores, para fines comerciales, la calidad del café está y siempre estará en manos del consumidor. Después de todo la mejor prueba es cuando la persona lo prueba.
Palabras clave: organoléptica, perfil de tueste, endotérmica, exotérmico, ma-croscópica, microscópica, reacción Maillard, caramelización.
Development of a Virtual Human for Supporting Tobacco Cessation During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)
Authors: Loveys Kate , Lloyd Erica , Sagar Mark , Broadbent Elizabeth
Published: September 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

People who consume tobacco are at greater risk of developing severe COVID-19. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic reduced the accessibility of tobacco cessation services as a result of necessary social restrictions. Innovations were urgently needed to support tobacco cessation during the pandemic. Virtual humans are artificially intelligent computer agents with a realistic, humanlike appearance. Virtual humans could be a scalable and engaging way to deliver tobacco cessation information and support. Florence, a virtual human health worker, was developed in collaboration with the World Health Organization to remotely support people toward tobacco cessation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Florence delivers evidence-based information, assists with making quit plans, and directs people to World Health Organization–recommended cessation services in their country. In this viewpoint, we describe the process of developing Florence. The development was influenced by a formative evaluation of data from 115 early users of Florence from 49 countries. In general, Florence was positively perceived; however, changes were requested to aspects of her design and content. In addition, areas for new content were identified (eg, for nonsmoker support persons). Virtual health workers could expand the reach of evidence-based tobacco cessation information and personalized support. However, as they are a new innovation in tobacco cessation, their efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability in this application needs to be evaluated, including in diverse populations.