bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulated acetaminophen plasma profiles from fixed-dose combination formulations: studies using the flow-through cell dissolution method
Authors: J R Medina-López , J M Leyva-Hernández , J J Hernández-Osornio , J C Ruiz-Segura
Published: May 2024

The aim of this work was to simulate acetaminophen plasma profiles from two fixed-dose combination formulations (acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen, and caffeine of generic vs. reference formulation) and in vitro dissolution data generated by the flow-through cell apparatus (laminar flow of 16 ml/min, 22.6 mm cells and 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.4). Results were compared with in vitro release information of USP apparatus type II (paddle at 100 rpm and 900 ml of same dissolution medium). Dissolved drugs until 60 min were determined with a ratio-derivative spectrophotometric method. To compare dissolution profiles of each drug, dissolution efficiency and mean dissolution time were calculated. To predict in vivo behavior a convolution approach as well as acetaminophen published information were used. Peak plasma concentrations and area under the curve (zero time to infinity) were considered and values of predicted error for these pharmacokinetic parameters were established. When comparing dissolution profiles with Student’s t-tests significant differences were found (p < 0.05). All values of predicted error showed satisfactory results since only data generated by the flow-through cell dissolution method achieved < 10% for each pharmacokinetic parameter. It is important to carried out in vivo studies with used formulations to corroborate the obtained results.
Can prophylactic oral dextrose solution prevent hypoglycemia in high risk newborns?
Authors: Uggina Tej Gita Meghana , Venkatesh Karthik , V Vasanthan , Anantha Krishnan Shanthi
Published: May 2024

Prophylactic oral dextrose gel recommended to prevent hypoglycaemia in high risk babies is not readily available and affordable. This study was therefore conducted to find out if oral dextrose solution decreases the incidence of hypoglycaemia in high risk neonates. This study included 186 high risk newborns. Oral 10% dextrose 2ml/kg was given at 30 minutes, 2, 6 and 12 hours of life, along with direct breastfeeding. Capillary blood glucose measurement was monitored at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of life. Low blood sugar levels were confirmed by simultaneous venous blood sampling. Statistical tests used were chi square for proportions and ANOVA for means. Of the 186 high risk babies maximum babies were small for gestational age (n = 68, 36.5%). Among the high risk babies, 7 (3.7%) developed hypoglycaemia. All were asymptomatic. A higher proportion of hypoglycaemia was seen IUGR babies (n = 2/9, 22.2%) and in those delivered by caesarean section (n =3/71, 4.2%). Compared to the incidence of hypoglycaemia (7.2%) in the historical control group the incidence of hypoglycaemia (3.7%) in interventional group was lower though statistically not significant (p=NS). There is a decrease in the incidence of hypoglycemia in high-risk infants given prophylactic oral dextrose solution. However, this trend was not statistically significant.
Health Literacy of Japanese Elderly who Participated in A Long-term Care Prevention Exercise Program by Household Composition
Authors: Kubota Tomohiro , Iwamoto Norikazu , Taniguchi Keisuke , Ono Takazumi , Nihei Misato , Iwai Koichi , Oh Sechang
Published: May 2024

Objectives: With the development of services to improve the daily lives of older adults and the use of Internet of Things technology in healthcare in Japan, there is a growing need to address health literacy, especially among older adults living alone. The current study aims to fill this research gap by assessing the current state of health literacy in this population, and potentially providing guidance for future support strategies.Methods: In this study, 22 older female participants in long-term care preventive services were assessed for health literacy, cognitive function, and activities of daily living using the Household Composition and Basic Demographic Information, the Health Literacy Scale, the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and the Occupational Self-Assessment-Short Form.Results: The household composition was 13 older adults living alone and nine living with others. Older adults living alone had significantly lower functional health literacy than those living with others, which affected their ability to understand and apply health information. Difficulties reading health materials were also prevalent in this group, suggesting that visual impairment or a lack of assistive devices may affect their understanding of health information. Considering these specific needs through tailored strategies is essential for helping older adults to adapt to an increasingly digital society.Conclusions: Understanding the current state of functional health literacy among older adults living alone in the community is essential for developing strategies to improve their well-being, prevent isolation, and enable them to make informed decisions about their health.
Optimal Valuation of Variable Annuity Guaranteed Lifetime Withdrawal Benefits with Embedded Top-up Option
Authors: Surya Budhi
Published: May 2024

This paper generalizes earlier works on the valuation of variable annuity guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefits (VAGLWB) to an extent in which the policyholders are given an option to change the parameters of the contract, i.e., the withdrawal and premium rates, at any time during the duration of the contract. Under this framework, we propose an embedded top-up option which gives the buyer an opportunity to change the contract to a new one with a larger withdrawal rate and reduced premium payment rate subject to paying a switching cost. The valuation is formulated in terms of the optimal stopping problem of finding an exercise time of the option which maximizes the contract value. We provide optimal solution to the stopping problem in which the asset’s price evolves according to a geometric Brownian motion. Moreover, we show that the value function of optimal stopping problem is given explicitly in terms of confluent hypergeometric function which satisfies continuous and smooth pasting conditions. Majorant and (super) harmonic properties of the value function are established to show optimality of the solution. Numerical examples are discussed to exemplify the main results and the sensitivity analysis of several parameters in the contract.
STUDY OF MOTIVATION FACTORS IN A PHARMACY ORGANIZATION
Authors: E.N. Makhinova , T.G. Afanasyeva , A.YU. Kushnir , M.V. Laptev , L.S. Pavlenko
Published: May 2024

The article presents the results of a study of the motivation of pharmaceutical personnel as one of the most important factors in increasing labor productivity in pharmacy organizations (JSC). Motivation serves as a personalized guideline that helps the manager identify a list of tools that lead JSC specialists to increase labor productivity. Currently, most of the motivational policy is occupied by material factors and this is insufficient in personnel management.
The purpose of this work is to identify the primary motivating factors, as well as to study the opinions of JSC employees on the problems of motivation in the work of pharmaceutical personnel. Questionnaires, including those based on the Internet platform Google Forms, were used as research materials; the following methods were chosen: statistical, mathematical, content analysis, sociological survey, grouping methods. The study was conducted in the period April-May 2023.
In the course of the work, the degree of significance of motivational factors was revealed, personnel motivation systems in specific pharmacy chains were analyzed, and the main advantages and disadvantages of existing systems in specific pharmacy chains in Voronezh were established. The material and monetary factor is the leading one, while among the material and non-monetary motivational factors, JSC employees give preference to additional medical insurance and partial payment for vacations.
Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the motivational system should not be built on one type of incentive. By properly motivating pharmacy workers, the head of the pharmacy can successfully coordinate their professional activities. Knowledge of the motives that influence work allows you to improve personnel management processes, obtain the greatest return on human resources, and, as a result, increase the effectiveness and profitability of the organization.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS OF PREPARATION FOR FIXED PROSTHETICS AFTER DENTAL REPLANTATION
Authors: K.Sh. Azizov , E.G. Borisova
Published: May 2024

After dental replantation surgery, it is necessary to take measures to promote the healing of the replanted tooth. In almost 100% of cases, clear signs of an acute inflammatory reaction of periodontal tissues are diagnosed.
The effectiveness of combined preparation and pharmacological therapy in the prevention of the inflammatory process of periodontal tissues after tooth replantation was assessed.
The condition of the periodontal mucosa and periodontal ligamentous apparatus in the area of supporting teeth was studied in preparation for orthopedic treatment of dentition defects, after the operation of their dental replantation. To solve the set tasks, research methods were used in the work: visual, palpation, instrumental, and statistical analysis of the research results. The patients are divided into two groups. Drug therapy was carried out using traditional medications: antiseptics, antibacterial drugs, biogenic stimulants, etc. Drug therapy used to treat patients in group 1 and group 2 was identical in the list of medications used. Patients of the 2nd group underwent complex treatment of inflammatory phenomena of the desmodontal structures and periodontal mucosa that occur after replantation surgery. In addition to pharmacological drugs, exposure to modulated red light was used using a Stomasvet physiotherapeutic device with a wavelength of 328 nm, a pulse modulation frequency of 76 Hz, and a radiation power of up to 30 mW.
On the first day of the study, patients of group 1 and group 2 were characterized by hyperemia of the periodontal mucosa in the area of the replantation, swelling, and pain. By the fourth day, in patients of group 2, the inflammatory phenomena completely disappeared. In patients of group 1, inflammatory phenomena completely disappeared only by the eighth day.
An integrated approach to the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal pathologies that arise after dental replantation will reduce the preparatory period for subsequent orthopedic correction of dentition defects, reduce the duration of patient adaptation to the structures used, and also increase the overall level of orthopedic treatment in dentistry.
KEY ASPECTS OF PHARMACEUTICAL COUNSELING WITH SEDATIVE DRUGS
Authors: T.G. Afanasyeva , A.YU. Kushnir , N.I. Afanasyeva , E.V. Semenova
Published: May 2024

Preserving human health, increasing life expectancy, reducing diseases and preventing them are the most important tasks of the modern medical and pharmaceutical community, the achievement of which, among other things, is impossible without the provision of proper pharmaceutical consultation and the availability of affordable and high-quality medicines. Providing incomplete or inaccessible information when providing information and consulting services threatens pharmacy visitors not only with the lack of a positive effect in treatment, but also with the possibility of causing harm to the body. The purpose of the work is to compile a recommendatory algorithm for the provision of pharmaceutical consultation using the example of drugs with a sedative effect. The materials of the study are instructions for the medical use of drugs, as well as leaflets with information for patients on the state of the state register of registered drugs for December 2023. In the course of the work, the main aspects of pharmaceutical consulting were identified, the regulatory framework relating to the provision of information and consulting services represented by the following documents: Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated August 31, 2016 No. 647n “On approval of the Rules for Good Pharmacy Practice of Medicines for Medical Use”; Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation dated March 9, 2016 No. 91n “On approval of the professional standard “Pharmacist””; Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation dated May 31, 2021 N 349n “On approval of the professional standard “Pharmacist””. Based on the results of the study, the characteristics of the selection and offer of sedative drugs are presented in detail, and an algorithm for the selection and offer of drugs with a sedative effect from the group of over-the-counter anxiolytics is compiled.
STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE OF DRUG CONSUMPTION IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN HOSPITALS OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Authors: E.B. Barbieva , I.Z. Ismailov , T.S. Sabirova
Published: May 2024

Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the socially significant diseases, characterized by a high frequency of seeking medical help and mortality. The most important parameter in studies of drug consumption is the study of the structure of their use, which includes the volume of use and a number of qualitative characteristics of the use of drugs of the group being studied. Modern approaches to pharmacotherapy of asthma also include the use of drugs in combinations; such drug therapy makes it possible to control the course of asthma, which affects morbidity, mortality, quality of life and the quality of provision of pharmaceutical and medical care to the population. Aim. Study of the frequency and structure of prescription of drugs used in the pharmacotherapy of bronchial asthma. Matherials and Methods. During a retrospective pharmacoepidemiological study, 500 individual registration records of patients with bronchial asthma who were hospitalized for the period 2020 - 2023 were analyzed. in healthcare organizations of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic. Results. When analyzing the number of prescribed medications, it was found that in the pharmacotherapy of 500 patients with bronchial asthma in different combinations, 11 names of medications under international nonproprietary names and 26 medications under trade names were used, while the total number of prescribed medications per patient varied from 1 to 5 types of drugs in 62 different combinations. Of the combinations of salbutamol with drugs from other pharmacological groups, the leading ones were the simultaneous administration of 3 drugs: Salbutamol + Ambroxol + Theophylline; for beclomethasone, a combination of 5 drugs: Beclomethasone + Salbutamol + Ambroxol + Salbutamol + Theophylline; for salmeterol, a combination of 5 drugs: Salmeterol + Fluticacone, Salbutamol, Acetylcysteine, Salbutamol. Conclusions. A study of the structure of medications used in the hospital in the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma made it possible to establish that the largest share of drug prescriptions was for the treatment regimen Beclomethasone + Salbutamol + Ambroxol + Salbutamol + Theophylline, which was used in the treatment of 67 patients. The regimen Salbutamol + Ambroxol + Theophylline was used in the treatment of 62 patients and the prevailing treatment regimens were Salmeterol + Fluticacone, Salbutamol, Ambroxol, Theophylline and Salmeterol + Fluticacone, Salbutamol, Ambroxol, Salbutamol, Theophylline, each of which was used in the treatment of 28 patients.
THE STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS PARMELIA (PARMELIA)
Authors: M.D. Mikhel , N.V. Nesterova , S.N. Ryagin , I.N. Avertseva
Published: May 2024

The analysis of the literature data shows the growing interest of researchers in the search for new medicinal plant raw materials. There is scientific evidence demonstrating the prospects for the use in medical practice of parmelia layers containing lichen acids as part of a fraction of polyphenolic substances and water-soluble polysaccharides. Representatives of the Parmeliaceae family have a wide habitat in the Russian Federation, growing on trunks and branches of various tree species, most often deciduous, less often coniferous, but also fixed on rocky surfaces and stones. The lack of modern regulatory documentation for this raw material undoubtedly prevents the introduction of parmelia layers into widespread medical practice.
The results of the identified important BAS indicate the relevance and prospects of further studies of parmelia aimed at the subsequent inclusion of selected techniques in the regulatory documentation being developed. The purpose of this work is to conduct a preliminary chemical analysis of the raw materials of parmelia, aimed at identifying and quantifying the main groups of BAS. To carry out qualitative reactions, the analyzed raw materials were crushed, after which aqueous extracts were prepared in accordance with the GPA.1.4.1.0018.15 "Infusions and decoctions". Water-alcohol extracts were prepared in accordance with the GPA.1.4.1.0019.15 "Tinctures". In the course of the study, the authors identified such BAS groups as polysaccharides, polyphenolic substances and peptides in the raw materials of the parmelia stratum. The quantitative determination of the amount of water-soluble polysaccharides was carried out by gravimetric methods, polyphenolic substances by the Folin-Chicalteu method.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGRAPHY OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT FOR DIAGNOSTIC PARAFUNCTIONS OF THE DENTAL SYSTEM USING A DIGITAL DEVICE T-SCAN
Authors: S.Yu. Spichekova , O.I. Admakin , M.V. Loktionova
Published: May 2024

Parafunctions of the dental system occupy a special position among dental diseases, due to the complexity of their diagnosis, treatment, complex and varied clinical picture. Methods for screening and monitoring patients with parafunctions remain an urgent scientific and practical task. Most often, this manifests itself unconsciously in the form of daytime or nighttime bruxism or clenching. Parafunction is one of the etiological factors of pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint. In the diagnosis of structural changes in the temporomandibular joint, the “gold” standard is magnetic resonance imaging. Due to the high contrast of soft tissues, magnetic resonance imaging is a method for diagnosing structural changes in the tissues of the temporomandibular joint and allows the most accurate, highly informative and quick assessment of the condition and function of intra- and extra-articular elements. In daily practice, dentists need simple and practical methods for diagnosing and parafunctional activity. Digital dentistry provides opportunities for assessing occlusal contacts. T-scan is one of the most functional digital devices. The purpose of the study was to increase the efficiency of providing dental care to patients with parafunctions by identifying the severity of bruxism and clenching using the T-scan apparatus and magnetic resonance imaging. The study involved functional analysis using a digital T-scan device and magnetic resonance imaging. The results of the study, in patients with parafunctions, the average areas of wear facets were identified for each degree of severity for each side of the dentition. The values of occlusal parameters of the left side in patients in the group with bruxism and clenching prevail over the values of the right side of the dentition. With mild severity, there was a normal position of the articular disc and a small ventral displacement with reposition according to the Wilkes classification of internal disorders of the temporomandibular joint. With moderate severity, a small ventral displacement with and without reposition was noted. In severe cases, there was a small ventral displacement without reposition, a complete ventral displacement of the articular disc with and without reposition. Thus, it has been proven that diagnostics using digital analysis, assessing the severity of parafunctional activity and magnetic resonance data selects the necessary tactics for the treatment and prevention of dysfunctional conditions of the dental system. This technique allows for screening and monitoring of patients with bruxism and clenching.
ASSESSMENT OF OCCLUSION AREA IN PATIENTS WITH PARAFUNCTIONS OF THE DENTAL SYSTEM BEFORE AND AFTER SPLINT THERAPY USING THE T-SCAN DIGITAL APPARATUS
Authors: S.Yu. Spichekova , O.I. Admakin , M.V. Loktionova
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Currently, dentists in the treatment of patients are increasingly encountering manifestations of parafunctions in the dental system. Most often, this manifests itself unconsciously in the form of daytime or nighttime bruxism and clenching. However, there is no reliable easily feasible method for diagnosing parafunctions. Digital dentistry is actively developing, which opens up new opportunities for assessing occlusive contacts. One of the most functional devices in this field is the T-scan. The aim of the study was to assess the area of facets of tooth erasure in patients with parafunctions before and after the use of occlusive splints using data from a digital T-scan device. In the study, occlusal contacts were registered, the sums of the facet areas of tooth erasure at the beginning of treatment and 6 months after splint therapy were calculated from the occlusiograms obtained. The results of the study showed that at the very beginning of the study, the values of the occlusal parameters of the right and left sides in patients in the group with bruxism and clenching prevail values of the left side of the dentition. The average sum of occlusal contact areas in patients with parafunctions was 310.02 mm2 on the left and 234 mm2 on the right. Upon repeated measurement, after splint therapy, the sum of the areas of occlusal contacts was 305.1 mm2 and 289.04 mm2 on the left and right, respectively. Thus, it is proved that the sum of the areas of occlusal contacts in patients on the left side of the dentition before the use of an occlusal splint significantly prevails over those after splint therapy. Occlusal forces between both sides of the lower jaw after the treatment have become more symmetrical and are close to a uniform distribution of force. This technique allows screening and monitoring of patients with bruxism and clenching.
ANALYSIS OF THE VIEWS OF OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNECOLOGISTS ON THE QUALITY OF THE ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL CARE IN MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: I.A. Shmelev , S.N. Cherkasov , A.V. Fedyaeva
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the study: to analyze the ideas of obstetricians and gynecologists about the quality of medical care in maternity institutions. Materials and methods. In accordance with the objectives of this study, a sociological survey was conducted of 286 obstetrician-gynecologists who carry out their work in the Samara region. The average age of the interviewed specialists was 33.7±9.1 years. Among the respondents, people who have worked in the healthcare system for more than 25 years prevailed – 32.1 %. The total length of service from 15 to 25 years was 22.8 % of the respondents, from 10 to 15 years – 20.4 %. Among certified obstetricians and gynecologists, specialists with the first category prevailed (44.1 %). One fifth (22.8 %) of doctors had the highest category, 27.6 % had the second and 5.5 % of the respondents had no qualifications. Results. There was a great interest in improving the quality of medical care provided, as well as in issues of additional professional education in terms of familiarization with regulatory documents and acquiring skills in communicating with patients, ethical analysis of the clinical situation and their own activities. Assessing the overall positive state of affairs in the team, doctors note quite a lot of factors that lead to the development and preservation of a conflict situation. The opinions of doctors characterizing the activities of obstetric and gynecological institutions can be an addition to improving the quality of medical care in the subjects of the Russian Federation.
SEAMARK DISASTER IN TSEMESS BAY
Authors: A.V.Slinkova2 Tkachenko , T.A. Slinkova , P.K. Mikaelyan , L.N. Shipkova
Published: May 2024

As part of the monitoring of environmental objects, studies of the environmental consequences were carried out immediately after the catastrophic shipwreck of the cargo ship Seamark in Tsemes Bay. In addition to human casualties and material losses, each wreck causes damage to the ecology of the seas. Human pollution of the marine environment leads to its degradation and the accumulation of toxic substances in water and living organisms. Sampling of sea water within two months from the moment of the disaster made it possible to assess the dynamics of the content of impurities in sea water. The general parameters of sea water were determined using standard methods (total mineralization, pH, anionic surfactants), as well as the content of petroleum products. It has been established that even at a considerable distance from the site of the disaster, the content of petroleum products in sea water exceeds the norm by almost two orders of magnitude. The real and future consequences of seawater pollution with petroleum products for the ecology of the sea are described.
ANALYSIS OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET OF PREPARATIONS CONTAINING EXTRACTIVE BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF MILK THISTLE SPOTTED (SILYBUM MARIANUM)
Authors: I.V. Pletneva , L.M. Ganicheva , E.V. Vyshemirskaya
Published: May 2024

Natural flavolignans of milk thistle are widely used in pharmaceutical practice in the form of herbal remedies for the treatment of various hepatopathologies. In medical practice, medications (medicines) and dietary supplements containing extractive substances of milk thistle fruits are used. The therapeutic effect of drugs containing extractive substances of milk thistle is due to the stabilizing effect of flavolignans on hepatocyte membranes and neutralization of free radicals in the liver. By having a stabilizing effect on cell membranes, the extractive components of milk thistle prevent the release of intracellular components (transaminases) and promote the regeneration of liver cells. The work carried out a marketing analysis of the pharmaceutical market of drugs in Volgograd containing extractive substances of milk thistle and an assessment of their therapeutic effect in medical practice. The conducted research showed the presence on the pharmaceutical market of Volgograd of a wide range of over-the-counter medications containing extract of milk thistle fruits, both domestic and foreign produced. It was revealed that prescription drugs are not available in pharmacy organizations in Volgograd. It is shown that the main segment contains preparations containing milk thistle extractives in the form of dietary supplements. The analyzed price segment of drugs and dietary supplements is defined as average.
CHOICE OF MATERIAL IN PROVIDING ORTHOPEDIC CARE TO PATIENTS WITH PARTIAL AND TOTAL ABSENCE OF TOOTH (literature review)
Authors: E.G. Borisova , M.K. Fedichkina , A.F. Spesivets
Published: May 2024

Orthopedic treatment is extremely difficult for diseases of the oral mucosa, such as chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis, leukoplakia, lichen planus, etc. Domestic scientists have long recognized the need for a differentiated approach to the selection of material for the manufacture of dentures, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient’s dental and general somatic status, and microflora of the oral cavity. The choice of material is carried out taking into account not only its physicochemical characteristics, but also the biological effect on the oral mucosa.
Purpose of the work: to identify new scientific data by analyzing systematic reviews that reveal the etiological aspects and pathogenesis of lichen planus of the oral mucosa.
A review of domestic and foreign scientific literature over the past 10 years was conducted, which analyzed dissertations and articles published only in peer-reviewed scientific journals.
Acrylic resins remain the most common structural material in partial and complete removable prosthetics. But such negative properties of acrylic orthopedic structures, such as residual monomer and microporosity, often lead to an increase in the number of allergic reactions in patients, the occurrence of microcracks in the prosthesis and other negative consequences.
An alternative to removable dentures made of acrylic plastics are fairly widely used orthopedic structures made of thermoplastic materials, which in their chemical structure do not have the main negative properties inherent in acrylic plastics, and in terms of strength indicators are several times higher than acrylic ones.
Depending on the specific clinical situation, the type of base material from thermoplastic masses for prosthetics for patients is selected. The chemical composition and choice of such materials is quite large.
The issues of studying the mechanisms of tissue stress, the reactions of elimination of polymers during prolonged stay in the oral cavity, and the development of criteria for the biocompatibility of thermoplastic materials remain relevant today.
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCTION READINESS OF A FULLY-INTEGRATED PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Authors: A.M. Pyatigorsky , G.E. Brkich
Published: May 2024

Currently, there is still a large gap between developed technology and production capabilities that translate this technology into commercial success. In this case, there is an inability to "bridge the gap", i.e. incomprehension of how to advance product development from a laboratory sample to serial production of this product.
Definition of the research and development life cycle on the basis of stages, differentiated according to the technology readiness levels and manufacturing readiness levels, taking into account the experience of applying various techniques in world practice, and also on the basis of determining the level of technology readiness, was first outlined in the Guidelines for the preparation of initial data for the development and correction of forecast of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 1335 dated 11/13/2015. A prerequisite for implementation of state-funded research and development programs was the need to evaluate the TRL and MRL at the time of launch and on completion of research project.
Currently, in the Russian Federation, the use of TRL-assessments is provided for by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 107 dated 02/06/2023 "On Approval of the procedure for determining the readiness levels of emerging or developed technologies, as well as scientific and scientific-technical results corresponding to each technology readiness level". TRL assessment, which is characterized by the readiness of the drug product production from the design of molecule to the commercial batch production, is currently not used in the field of drug circulation.
ANALYSIS OF THE RUSSIAN MARKET OF MEDICINES USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
Authors: E.A. Pafenrot , I.V. Spichak , G.V. Varenykh , I.V. Zhirova , E.V. Kovaleva
Published: May 2024

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are the category of diseases that infected during sexual intercourse. Today, unfortunately, despite the decrease in the level of general morbidity, the structure of the incidence of STDs is changing, which forces us to return to solving this problem again. Diseases of this group not only spread very easily, but also cause harm to both the genitals and the body as a whole. As a result, human health deteriorates, the function of the reproductive system suffers, which also affects the health of future offspring. To minimize the above consequences, the Russian pharmaceutical market (RPhM) has a large assortment portfolio of medicines with various groups. So, in particular, many medicines are included in the List of vital and essential medicines(VEM) and in the minimum assortment list, according to the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 12.10.2019 No. 2406-r "On approved The list of vital VEM for 2023, as well as lists of medicines for medical use and the minimum range of medicines necessary for the provision of medical care". A similar study was conducted in order to analyze the range of RPhM drugs used for the treatment of STDs. During the research, various official information sources on medicines registered in the territory of the Russian Federation used for the treatment of STDs were reviewed and studied: the Register of Medicines of Russian Federation "RADAR" (2023), the State Register of Medicines and Medical Devices (2023), the Vidal handbook of medicines "Medicines in Russian Federation" (2023), orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, Internet sources. Research methods: structural, graphical, comparative, content analysis, segmentation.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RUSSIAN AND REGIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETS OF MEDICINES FOR THE TREATMENT OF CERVICAL CANCER
Authors: E.A. Borzykh , I.V. Spichak , G.V. Varenykh , I.V. Zhirova
Published: May 2024

To date, cervical cancer (cervical cancer) is the fourth most common in the female population worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has provided data that 604,000 new cases of the disease were recorded in the period 2020, of which 342,000 were fatal. New combinations of cytotoxic drugs together with new molecular targets open up new prospects in the treatment of primary and recurrent cervical cancer. Based on the fact that the drug therapy of breast cancer is one of the important methods of treatment, the relevance of the study of the proposals of the regional and domestic pharmaceutical markets of medicines for the treatment of breast cancer has been determined, in order to make decisions on optimizing the assortment. The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the Russian and regional pharmaceutical markets of medicines for the treatment of breast cancer. The object of the study is information and reference literature on the range of medicines registered and approved for use in the Russian Federation (including the Belgorod region). The study and analysis of the assortment were carried out using the following methods: generalization, data visualization, ranking, graphical method, statistical methods.
THE STATE OF HEALTH OF NURSES IN THE ORENBURG REGION
Authors: E.V. Gavrilova , D.N. Begun , O.V. Golovko , M.K. Dmitrieva , V.A. Kameneva
Published: May 2024

Middle-level medical personnel have the most unfavorable health indicators, their incidence is higher than that of doctors and workers in other sectors of the national economy. In this regard, the issues of strengthening and preserving the health of this contingent are becoming especially relevant.
The purpose of the study is to study the morbidity of nurses according to medical examinations. To investigate the level of anxiety and depression among them.
Materials and methods. A sample study of the "Medical records of a patient receiving outpatient medical care" of nurses working in medical organizations of the Orenburg region who underwent a medical examination in 2022 was conducted. The nurses were also surveyed using the questionnaire "Hospital scale of anxiety and depression". The material was developed on a personal computer using Statistica 10.0 and MS Excel programs.
The results obtained. The incidence of nurses was 147.8%. The leading classes of diseases are diseases of the eye and its accessory apparatus, diseases of the circulatory system, diseases of the genitourinary system, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, mental disorders and behavioral disorders. The association of morbidity with age, length of service, and qualification category has been established. More than a third of the nurses experienced a state of anxiety. The presence of significant symptoms of depression was determined in 11.7 ± 2.4%. The causes of anxiety and depression in nurses were more personal than organizational in nature. An average positive relationship has been determined between the increase in symptoms of anxiety and depression with an increase in morbidity. In their presence, the risk of disease for related classes of diseases increases by 2.6 – 6.6 times in the presence of anxiety, and by 4 – 9 times in the presence of depression. In general, the incidence of all classes of diseases among nurses due to anxiety was 10.8%, which is 7.3% of the total incidence, and the incidence due to depression was 3%, which is 2% of the total incidence.
Conclusion. An evidence-based approach based on a comprehensive assessment is needed to make informed decisions on improving the health of nurses. The present study revealed a fairly high incidence of nurses, as well as a high level of anxiety and depression. Although no cases of occupational disease have been identified, a link has been found between morbidity and age, experience, and qualifications. About half of the nurses need follow-up dynamic monitoring, more than half need further follow-up and treatment in a polyclinic.
THE VALIDITY OF THE FORECAST IN THE DYNAMICS OF CHILDHOOD INJURIES IN THE ORENBURG REGION, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT BIOLOGICAL CHALLENGES
Authors: O.V. Golovko , N.A. Bayanova , N.V. Zarishnyak , E.V. Gavrilova , M.K. Dmitrieva
Published: May 2024

The study of childhood injuries and its trends requires a detailed analysis of the regional situation, taking into account causal factors. The purpose of the study is to assess the validity of the forecast of the dynamics of childhood injuries in the Orenburg region, taking into account biological challenges. Materials and methods. The base of the study was the Orenburg region. The collection of information on medical and statistical indicators was carried out by copying information from the analytical center of Rosstat for the Orenburg region and from statistical collections of the Ministry of Health of the Orenburg region. Statistical processing of the material was performed using the STATISTICA 6.0 program. Results. An analysis of the dynamics of child injury rates for the period 2006-2015 was carried out and a forecast for 2017-2022 was made. The characteristics of the mortality rates of the child population from external causes are given. When comparing the predicted values of childhood injuries and real indicators, a negative assessment of the justification of the forecast is given. Conclusions. The forecast of an increase in injury rates in children has not been justified, which characterizes the sufficiency of the regional policy in terms of prevention and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
INDICATORS OF DENTAL HEALTH OF THE POPULATION OF THE SAMARA REGION WHO APPLIED TO DENTAL CLINICS FOR THE PERIOD 2020-2022. FOR ROUTINE SANATION OF THE ORAL CAVITY.
Authors: L.N. Linnik , T.V. Melenberg , L.P. Trunina , E.V. Yurchenko
Published: May 2024

Dental health is an important part of a person's overall health, providing a certain level of quality of life. Dental health depends on three main parameters: social, biological and medical, just like health in general. We examined 100 people (59 men and 41 women) of various age groups (group 1 - 35-44 years 11%, group 2 - 45-59 years 34%, group 3 - 60-74 years 38%, group 4 - 75 years and older 17%). Age groups are identified according to WHO criteria. The number of remaining teeth in the oral cavity per person examined, the structure of the CP, the number of cervical defects of non-carious origin (CD), and the number of teeth with pathological abrasion were determined. Hygiene status was analyzed using the Green-Vermilion index. Periodontal condition - according to the CPITN index. The chewing function of natural intact teeth was also assessed and taken as a total of 100%. The results of the study showed that the number of preserved teeth per examinee ranged from 3 to 28, median – 21.0, lower quartile – 17.0, upper quartile -24.0, which corresponds to the minimum number of preserved natural teeth in the oral cavity necessary to maintain optimal functional activity of the dental system according to WHO criteria (20 teeth). The structure of the cpu is dominated by extracted teeth. Cervical non-carious defects (CD) and pathological abrasion (PA) are approximately equally common among applicants. In the structure of periodontal morbidity according to the CPITN median 2 index, forms with code 2 are common. Loss of dental function (LDF) from 0 to 100%, median 50.0, chewing function index (MIF) from 0 to 100%, median 50.0. These data indicate that chewing efficiency is only half preserved in the majority of patients. Thus, the dental health indicators of the population of the Samara region applying for routine dental sanitation within the framework of compulsory medical insurance are at the lower level of the standards recommended by WHO. No statistically significant differences were found between the comparison groups by gender. Significant differences are determined only by age, by the number of remaining teeth, by the need for tooth extraction, and by loss of chewing function. These problems intensify with age. All patients need correction and training in oral hygiene.
SOCIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS OF THE POPULATION ON HIV INFECTION IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH OSSETIA-ALANIA)
Authors: Z.R. Alikova , Z.B. Dziraeva , F.V. Vedmedenko
Published: May 2024

Relevance: HIV infection remains an urgent, socially significant disease in modern society. In the modern world, absolutely everyone is at risk of contracting HIV infection to one degree or another. Despite active preventive work, new cases of infection are registered every year, which makes the problem of HIV infection strategically important.
Objective: To determine the level of awareness of the population of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania on HIV infection in different age groups.
Materials and methods: The questionnaires of 600 respondents were analyzed. Respondents are represented in four age groups from 15 to 35 years in equal numbers – 25%. The questionnaire included the most relevant questions about the ways of HIV transmission. Empirical data were processed and analyzed using the capabilities of the IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0.1 software and analytical complex.
Results: Of the 137 new HIV cases recorded in 2022, men predominate - 59.1%, while women – 40.9%. Among the established transmission routes, the highest proportion falls on the sexual (heterosexual) pathway of infection – 51.8%, the homosexual pathway – 5.1%. The proportion of people infected with parenteral administration of narcotic drugs was 41.6%, perinatal contact was 1.4%. There is a continuing trend of HIV infection among residents of working and reproductive age from 20 to 49 years old, which makes the issue of preserving the health of this group strategically important. The 18-22 age group of people studying in higher and secondary educational institutions has the most positive idea of the ways of HIV transmission and the risk of infection, which indicates the importance of awareness-raising activities. In the adolescent group of 15-17 years, there is a misconception about the ways of HIV transmission. The misconception about the possibility of contracting HIV infection in everyday conditions persists in 20.7% of respondents in the 30-35 age group and 13.3% in the 15-17 age group. The majority of respondents in each age group gave a negative answer: 15-17 years old – 44%; 18-22 years old – 44.7%; 23-29 years old – 41.3% and in the 30-35 years old group – 44%, which indicates a misunderstanding of the vertical path of transmission from an HIV-infected mother to a child, more than 40% of negative responses from respondents in each the age group. Conclusion: The level of awareness of the population of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania on HIV infection is quite high. At the same time, the adolescent age group, which is the most vulnerable in matters of risky behavior, is the least informed about the ways of HIV transmission and requires special attention. The results of the study will make it possible to contribute to the development and implementation of HIV prevention measures/AIDS and related diseases in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.
ROLE OF FETAL SEX IN RISK ASSESSMENT OF ANTEPARTUM, INTRAPARTUM AND EARLY NEONATAL LOSSES
Authors: A.A. Suverneva , T.A. Lipina , Z.R. Adigyuzelova , A.M. Aminova , Z.M. Mammaeva
Published: May 2024

Unfavorable demographic trends, combined with unstable dynamics of perinatal mortality rates, require improvement of the perinatal forecasting system. The search for new perinatal risk factors is also becoming relevant. The appearance of publications on the influence of sexual dimorphism on the course of pregnancy and childbirth indicates the need to study the possibility of using this factor in predicting perinatal losses.
Objective of the study: to study the role of fetal sex as a risk factor for antepartum and intrapartum fetal death, early neonatal death of a newborn.
Materials and research methods. A retrospective study was conducted with the participation of patients with antepartum (n=70) and intrapartum (n=40) fetal death, early neonatal death of a newborn (n=50) and a favorable perinatal outcome (n=50) as a control. We studied the structure of patients by fetal sex, conducted its comparative analysis in these groups, determined the prognostic value of fetal sex in antepartum, intrapartum fetal death and early neonatal death of a newborn. We used the program "Statistica 10.0" for statistical processing of the obtained data and the Bayes model of prediction with analysis by A. Wald, method of E.V. Gubler and the criterion of S. Kullback.
Results. The male sex of the fetus prevailed over the female in all groups of perinatal risk. In the group with a favorable perinatal outcome, on the contrary, female fetuses were more common. We found a statistically significant difference in fetal sex between the antepartum risk and control groups: the male sex of the fetus occurred at antenatal losses 1.5 times more often than at favorable perinatal outcomes (p=0.028). We have calculated prognostic coefficients and indicators of the informativeness of fetal sex in antepartum, intrapartum and early neonatal losses. We have determined the prognostic value of fetal sex and established the nature of its effect on perinatal prognosis for each of the risk groups.
Conclusion. The conducted study allows us to consider the sex of the fetus as a factor of differentiated risk of antepartum, intrapartum and early neonatal losses. The obtained results clearly demonstrate the prognostic role of fetal sex and indicate the need to include this factor in the perinatal risk assessment system at each stage of the perinatal period.