bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treinamento Físico Combinado Melhora a Tolerância ao Exercício e o Prognóstico em Indivíduos com DPOC
Authors: Couto Victor Fernando , Paes Cilso Dias , Pessoa Bruna Varanda , Fernandes Marcos Rassi , Jamami Maurício , Fernandes Filho Marcos Rassi , Lorenzo Valéria Amorim Pires Di
Published: May 2020

Objective: To identify the effect of this training on exercise tolerance in people with COPD and on the prognosis of the disease. Method: Nine elderly patients with COPD (COPDG) and nine healthy elderly (HG), were avaluated before and after physical training to: six-minute walk test (6MWT), incremental test (ICT), body composition and test 1 repetition maximum (1RM), it was avaluated also in COPDG the BODE index. The training consisted of thirty minutes of aerobic training and three sets of fifteen repetitions of resistance training in leg press horizontal with 40-60% of 1RM, with an interval of five minutes for recovery. Three weekly sessions were held for six weeks. Results: In COPDG, there was a significant increase in the distance covered and an improvement in the BODE index. Conclusion: The 6-week CPT evidence to be effective in improving exercise tolerance in both elderly COPD subjects and the prognosis of disease.
Descriptors: Pulmonary disease chronic obstructive; Physical education and training; Exercise tolerance; Elderly.
As evidências científicas da eficácia do uso da ozonioterapia frente à legislação sanitária brasileira
Authors: Ornelas Patrícia Thatiane Sousa Ferreira , Sousa Calliandra Maria de , Silva Izabel Cristina Rodrigues da , Fratelli Caroline Ferreira
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Verificar se as evidências científicas existentes, têm alguma concreta relevância e suficiência, para a ozonioterapia ser utilizada como terapia em algumas patologias e observar o andamento da legislação brasileira acerca do tema. Métodos: Foi realizado uma revisão literária, em bases de dados, com evidências científicas dos últimos dez anos, que abordam a ozonioterapia e o avanço da legislação brasileira. Resultados: Várias evidências científicas demonstraram a eficácia da ozonioterapia, a sua relevância e suficiência em diversas patologias. Conclusão: Percebe-se evidências de que a sua liberação por parte dos órgãos sanitários brasileiros frente aos Conselhos Profissionais da área da saúde brasileira, já tarda e esbarra em questões alheias à real eficácia desta terapêutica.
La dimensión estética en el pensamiento de Bernardo Canal Feijóo
Authors: Fabbian Gisela
Published: May 2020

Una de las principales preocupaciones de Bernardo Canal Feijóo (1897-1982) fue la de configurar una concepción de cultura basada en la relación del hombre con su lugar como modo de definir una identidad que concilie la unidad nacional y la particularidad regional. El presente artículo analiza esta concepción teniendo como base dos documentos inéditos que forman parte del Archivo Bernardo Canal Feijóo, de cuyo estudio se desprende una noción de cultura que, transfigurada estética y simbólicamente, pone de manifiesto el modo de ser de un sujeto colectivo constituido como pueblo.
Resonancias bergsonianas en el cine revolucionario de Deleuze: estética, ontología y política
Authors: Abraham Zunino Pablo Enrique
Published: May 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es destacar la especificidad de la recepción deleuziana del pensamiento de Henri Bergson a propósito del concepto de imagen a partir de su desarrollo en los libros sobre cine de Gilles Deleuze: La imagen movimiento: estudios sobre cine 1 (1983) y La imagen tiempo: estudios sobre cine 2 (1985). Este análisis tiene una relevancia singular sobre los diversos planos de la experiencia: estéticos, ontológicos, políticos y pedagógicos. Se trata de mostrar de qué manera la teoría de las imágenes, propuesta por Bergson en Materia y memoria (1896), es reinterpretada por Deleuze asumiendo nuevas posiciones filosóficas, cuyo alcance excede el de la propuesta original, manteniendo con todo la absoluta coherencia argumentativa.
Comentarios Bibliográficos
Authors: Salaris Banegas Francisco , Bonina Isabel
Published: May 2020

Johann Georg Hamann. Memorabilia socrática/Nubes, trad. de Miguel Alberti y Florencia Sannders. Buenos Aires: Ediciones UNGS, 2018, 315 páginas.
Alejandra Panozzo Zenere. Se contempla, se experimenta. Modos de comunicar del museo de arte contemporáneo. Rosario: UNR editora, 2018, 157 páginas.
La concepción sartreana de la poesía
Authors: Bellocq Santiago
Published: May 2020

El siguiente trabajo aborda los desarrollos de Sartre sobre la cuestión de la poesía, los proyectos poéticos y su posibilidad de compromiso en Situations II, sus biografías existenciales Baudelaire y Saint Genet y su estudio de la poesía negra y malgache publicado como Orphée noir. Más allá de las críticas que se le han hecho de ignorar la esencia del fenómeno poético, una lectura atenta permite mostrar cómo su concepción sobre la poesía ha virado con los años al punto de considerarla una herramienta tan poderosa como la prosa para suscitar el compromiso y el llamamiento a la libertad mediante una operación negativa en la que refleja críticamente al hombre al manifestar su esencia como conflicto irresoluble y fracaso.
Influence of a Polycarboxylate Based Solution on Stability of Hydrogen Peroxide and Application to E-waste Leaching
Authors: Yazici Ersin Y.
Published: May 2020

Hydrogen peroxide with its high oxidising potential is commonly used in hydrometallurgical extraction of metals from ores, anode slimes and waste materials (e.g. WEEE) and treatment of cyanidation effluents. Main detraction to H2O2 is its rapid catalytic decomposition leading to prohibitively high consumption. Effect of pH (0-4), Cu(II) (0-10 g.l-1) and temperature (20-80°C) on H2O2 stability was investigated using response surface methodology. Influence of neutral-alkaline conditions (pH 7.3-11.8) and presence of solids (1-20% w/v) was also tested. A polycarboxylate based solution (PBS) was utilised to improve H2O2 stabilisation. The significance order of parameters on H2O2 decomposition was temperature > pH > Cu(II). Elevating the level of these parameters increased H2O2 decomposition. The activation energy (60.7±2.5 kJ.mol-1) indicated a chemically controlled process. Alkaline conditions (up to pH 11.8) led to higher H2O2 decomposition. Presence of solids adversely affected H2O2 stability under certain conditions. The addition of PBS significantly improved (up to 54%) H2O2 stability in the presence of copper. The presence of PBS in H2SO4-H2O2 leaching of waste of printed circuit boards (WPCBs) enhanced copper extraction by up to 19%. PBS can be suitably utilised to stabilise and hence reduce H2O2 consumption in aqueous solutions particularly in the presence of copper.
Multifactor mathematical model of criticality of welding process of products from aluminum- magnesium alloys
Authors: Urazbahtin F.A. , Urazbahtina A.YU.
Published: May 2020

A multifactor mathematical model of the welding process of products from aluminum-magnesium alloys, consisting of 71 indicators that assess the quality of the weld, the welding process, costs, equipment operation and quality of the welded material. The model can be used to control and optimize the welding process of products from aluminum-magnesium alloys.
Keywords
welding, products, aluminum-magnesium alloy, indicators, process parameters, welding equipment, welding materials, electrode sharpening, lining
uras_51@mail.ru
Parametric dynamics of differential reducer with one- and two-pair gearing of wheels
Authors: Kurushin M.I. , Balyakin V.B. , Ossiala V.B.A.
Published: May 2020

he calculation of the dynamics of the planetary aircraft gearbox is proposed. The eigenfrequencies are determined and the vibrational behavior of the elastic multimass dynamic system of the reducer is studied. The possibility of reducing the level of vibration by using step difference in the area of two-pair engagement is shown.
Keywords
reducer, gearing, gear wheel, step difference, vibration
ossialav@gmail.com
Statistical analysis of the influence of a number of factors on the soft magnetic characteristics of steel of "23X15H7M2" type
Authors: Glebov V.V. , Matveev YU.I. , Pachurin G.V. , Kuz’min N. A. , Nuzhdina T. V.
Published: May 2020

The influence of the method of smelting, heat treatment and alloying on the soft magnetic properties of martensite 23Х15Н7М2 tempering steel is investigated. An increase in the soft magnetic properties of steel during smelting in the ДСП-1,5 furnace compared to the ИСТ-0,16 furnace, as well as an increase in magnetic induction and a decrease in the coercive force during heat treatment and the introduction of cobalt into the steel is determined.
Keywords
austenite, tempering martensite, heat treatment, alloying, soft magnetic properties, statistical analysis,
Vladimir_vasg@rambler.ru
The Theory and Implementation of Bayesian Networks Structural Learning using Tabu Search Algorithm
Authors: Asadi Maryam
Published: May 2020

This paper portrays the hypothesis and execution of Bayesian systems basic getting the hang of utilizing unthinkable pursuit calculation. Bayesian systems give an extremely broad but powerful graphical language for calculating joint likelihood disseminations. Finding the ideal structure of Bayesian systems from information has been demonstrated to be NP-hard. In this paper, unthinkable hunt has been created to give progressively proficient structure. We actualized auxiliary learning in Bayesian systems with regards to information characterization. With the end goal of correlation, we considered order task and applied general Bayesian systems alongside this classifier to certain databases. Our trial results show that the Tabu pursuit can locate the great structure with the less time multifaceted nature. The reenactment results affirmed that utilizing Tabu hunt so as to discover Bayesian systems structure improves the grouping exactness.
Extraction and Purification of Anthocyanins from Sorbus Pohuashanensis Fruits
Authors: Kai Kai , Lijun Tu , Hanju Sun , Pingping Zhang , Qiuyan Lou , Shudong He , Xiaodong Cao , Yongsheng Zhu
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to isolate anthocyanins from Sorbus pohuashanensis. Anthocyanins were extracted from Sorbus pohuashanensis using enzyme hydrolysis and were further purified using macroporous resins. The optimal extraction con�ditions were investigated using single-factor experiments and an orthogonal experiment, respectively. The extraction yield was 15.33 � 0.05% under optimal conditions of pH 3.0, pectinase 0.15%, 50�C and 2.5 h. Subsequently, three types of macroporous resins, namely D101, D201, D301R, were in turn applied to purify anthocyanins by adsorption and elution. The D101 resin showed an adsorption rate of 93.75% and an elution rate of 45.33%. The best elution parameters were at 25�C, 85% ethanol, and pH 4.0 to achieve a purity of 61.93%. This study provided an efficient, sustainable, low-cost anthocyanin extraction method.
The changing role of the church – Diaconia of the Orthodox Church in Greece during the years of the economic crisis 2010–2018
Authors: Mitropoulou Vasiliki , Papageorgiou Niki , Ryökäs Esko
Published: May 2020

The economic crisis in Greece in 2010–2018 caused a deep recession there. Unemployment rose to very high levels, and social distress increased. In this study, we use publically available internet material to present the many auxiliary activities the Greek Orthodox Church used to respond to the situation. Many of them were typical forms of diaconal activity, but new types of work for the church can also be seen in diocesan activities. The Orthodox Church in Greece does not present all the auxiliary activities in public. However, based on the material available, the article hypothesizes that the role of the Orthodox Church in Greek society has changed during the economic crisis. The church became a supporting factor in society.
A Review of Cancer Immunotherapy: From the Past, to the Present, to the Future
Authors: Esfahani K. , Roudaia L. , Buhlaiga N. , Del Rincon S.V. , Papneja N. , Miller W.H.
Published: May 2020

Compared with previous standards of care (including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery), cancer immunotherapy has brought significant improvements for patients in terms of survival and quality of life. Immunotherapy has now firmly established itself as a novel pillar of cancer care, from the metastatic stage to the adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings in numerous cancer types. In this review article, we highlight how the history of cancer immunotherapy paved the way for discoveries that are now part of the standard of care. We also highlight the current pitfalls and limitations of cancer checkpoint immunotherapy and how novel research in the fields of personalized cancer vaccines, autoimmunity, the microbiome, the tumour microenvironment, and metabolomics is aiming to solve those challenges.
The Most Important Attribute: Stakeholder Perspectives on What Matters Most in a Physician
Authors: Wheatley-Price P. , Laurie K. , Zhang T. , Bossé D. , Chowdhury D.
Published: May 2020

Background: Most people can think of important attributes that they believe physicians should have. The CanMEDS framework defines domains of attributes in medical training (Leader, Medical Expert, Scholar, Communicator, Advocate, Collaborator, and Professional). Whether some are more valued by various stakeholders is unknown. Previous research has shown that patients can receive suboptimal care if physician and patient expectations of a health care encounter differ. In the present study, we sought to identify what various stakeholders identified as the single most important attribute for a physician to possess. Methods: A simple survey asked the question “What is the single most important attribute a physician should have?” at a single academic teaching hospital and affiliated medical school. The survey was administered to med¬ical students, doctors, nurses, patients, and caregivers. Age and sex were also collected. Responses were assigned to domains and analyzed to identify trends. The primary outcome is a descriptive analysis of the findings. Results: From 362 individuals who responded, 109 different responses were obtained. The single most common answer was “compassion” (n = 86). Responses were categorized into these 5 domains: Caring, n = 209; Professional or Collaborator, n = 58; Medical Expert, n = 54; Communicator, n = 32; and Other, n = 9. Compared with men, women chose attributes in the Caring domain more frequently (64% vs. 49%), although that domain was the most popular for both sexes. Medical students were less likely to highly value Communicator attributes. Conclusions: All stakeholder group identified attributes in the Caring domain as being most important. Although all CanMEDS roles are important, our research highlights the priorities of stakeholders.
A Randomized Trial of the Electronic Lung Cancer Symptom Scale for Quality-of-Life Assessment in Patients with Advanced Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kuo J.C. , Graham D.M. , Salvarrey A. , Kassam F. , Le L.W. , Shepherd F.A. , Burkes R. , Hollen P.J. , Gralla R.J. , Leighl N.B.
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Improving health-related quality of life (hrqol) is a key goal of systemic therapy in advanced lung cancer, although routine assessment remains challenging. We analyzed the impact of a real-time electronic hrqol tool, the electronic Lung Cancer Symptom Scale (elcss-ql), on palliative care (pc) referral rates, patterns of chemotherapy treatment, and use of other supportive interventions in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc) receiving first-line chemotherapy. Methods: Patients with advanced nsclc starting first-line chemotherapy were randomized to their oncologist receiving or not receiving their elcss-ql data before each clinic visit. Patients completed the elcss-ql at baseline, before each chemotherapy cycle, and at subsequent follow-up visits until disease progression. Prospective data about the pc referral rate, hrqol, and use of other supportive interventions were collected. Results: For the 95 patients with advanced nsclc who participated, oncologists received real-time elcss-ql data for 44 (elcss-ql arm) and standard clinical assessment alone for 51 (standard arm). The primary endpoint, the pc referral rate, was numerically higher, but statistically similar, for patients in the elcss-ql and standard arms. The hrqol scores over time were not significantly different between the two study arms. Conclusions: The elcss-ql is feasible as a tool for use in routine clinical practice, although no statistically significant effect of its use was demonstrated in our study. Improving access to supportive care through the collection of patient-reported outcomes and hrqol should be an important component of care for patients with advanced lung cancer.
Translating Guidelines to Practice: A Training Session about Cancer-Related Fatigue
Authors: Jones G. , Rutkowski N. , Trudel G. , St-Gelais C. , Ladouceur M. , Brunet J. , Lebel S.
Published: May 2020

Background: Cancer-related fatigue (crf) is the highest unmet need in cancer survivors. The Canadian Association of Psychosocial Oncology (capo) has developed guidelines for screening, assessment, and intervention in crf; however, those guidelines are not consistently applied in practice because of patient, health care provider (hcp), and systemic barriers. Notably, previous studies have identified a lack of knowledge of crf guidelines as an impediment to implementation. Methods: In this pilot study, we tested the preliminary outcomes, acceptability, and feasibility of a training session and a knowledge translation (kt) tool designed to increase knowledge of the capo crf guidelines among hcps and community support providers (csps). A one-time in-person training session was offered to a diverse sample of hcps and csps (n = 18). Outcomes (that is, knowledge of the capo crf guidelines, and intentions and self-efficacy to apply guidelines in practice) were assessed before and after training. Acceptability and feasibility were also assessed after training to guide future testing and implementation of the training. Results: After training, participants reported increased knowledge of the capo crf guidelines and greater self-efficacy and intent to apply guidelines in practice. Participant satisfaction with the training session and the kt tool was high, and recruitment time, participation, and retention rates indicated that the training was acceptable and feasible. Conclusions: The provided training is both acceptable to hcps and csps and feasible. It could increase knowledge of the capo crf guidelines and participant intentions and self-efficacy to implement evidence-based recommendations. Future studies should investigate actual changes in practice and how to optimize follow-up assessments. To promote practice uptake, kt strategies should be paired with guideline development.
Oncology Care in the Era of Pandemics
Authors: Majeed H.
Published: May 2020

Since the declaration by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020 of a global pandemic from sars-cov-2, the public health impact on broader society has been unprecedented. [...]
Prevention of stroke in elderly patients with a trial fibrillation: possibilities of Apixaban
Authors: Vorobyeva N. M. , Tkacheva O. N.
Published: May 2020

In review article, we discuss the opportunity of use of one of the direct oral anticoagulants – apixaban – for prevention of stroke and/or systemic embolism in elderly patients with non-valvular a trial fibrillation. We consider results of randomized clinical trials of apixaban – ARISTOTLE and AVERROES, including the subgroups analysis in patients in the age of ≥75 years and ≥80 years – in ARISTOTLE, ≥75 years and ≥85 years – in AVERROES. These studies have shown that elderly patients had more benefit from apixaban administration than warfarin (in ARISTOTLE) or acetylsalicylic acid (in AVERROES). The results of two retrospective observational studies confirming the favorable profile of apixaban effectiveness and safety in elderly patients with a trial fibrillation in real clinical practice, and the main provisions of the consensus document FORTA, the purpose of which is to individualize treatment of elderly patients based on clinical characteristics of the patient, are also considered.
Aging bone
Authors: Brailova N. V. , Kuznetsova V. A. , Dudinskaya E. N. , Tkacheva O. N.
Published: May 2020

This review article deals with the topic of changes in bone tissue in the process of aging of the body. Adipogenesis and osteogenesis are affected at the molecular level, proteins and genes are described, in which somatic mutation can occur during the aging process, resulting in both minor changes and an active loss of bone mineral density. The factors that affect the change in bone mineral density mainly in the elderly, and existing drugs that can slow down osteoporosis are listed. Knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the aging of bone tissue will contribute to the creation of targeted therapy for osteoporosis, which slows down bone aging and prevents falls and fractures in the elderly people.
Обмеженістьl-індексу та цілком регулярне зростання цілих функцій
Authors: Bandura A. I. , Skaskiv O. B.
Published: May 2020

УДК 517.547.22  Досліджується зв'язок між класом цілих функцій цілком регулярного зростання порядкуρ і класом цілих функцій обмеженогоl-індексу, деl(z)=|z|ρ-1+1для|z|≥1. Розглядаються можливі застосування цих функцій в аналітичній теорії диференціальних рівнянь.  Сформульовано три нові проблеми про існування функцій із заданими властивостями, які належать до різниць цих класів. Отримано ствердну відповідь на проблему 4, а саме наведено достатні умови того, що нескінченний добуток є цілою функцією цілком регулярного зростання порядкуρ,необмеженогоlρ-індексу, а його нулі не задовольняють відомі умови Левіна (C) та (C'). Також побудовано цілу функцію цілком регулярного зростання порядкуρй обмеженого індексуlρ,нулі якої не задовольняють відомі умови Левіна (C) і (C').
Линейная нетерова краевая задача для матричного разностного уравнения
Authors: Chuiko S. M. , Kalinichenko Ya. V. , Boichuk A. A.
Published: May 2020

УДК 517.9 
Найдены конструктивные условия разрешимости и схема построения решений линейной нетеровой краевой задачи для матричного разностного уравнения. Предложена оригинальная схема регуляризации линейной нетеровой краевой задачи для линейной вырожденной системы разностных уравнений.
Система M/M/1 з повторними вимогами та змінною інтенсивністю обслуговування
Authors: Bratiichuk M. S. , Chechelnitsky A. A. , Usar I. Ya.
Published: May 2020

УДК 519.21

Розглядається система обслуговування типу M/M/1 з повторними вимогами, в якiй iнтенсивностi обслуговуваннязалежать вiд завантаження системи, тобто вiд кiлькостi вимог, якi знаходяться в черзi на обслуговування. Знайдено умови iснування та формули для ергодичного розподiлу кiлькостi вимог у системi у випадку скiнченної танескiнченної черги повторних вимог.
“Mulher na roda não é pra enfeitar”! A ginga feminista e as mudanças na tradição da Capoeira Angola
Authors: Pinheiro Camila Maria Gomes
Published: May 2020

Este trabalho apresenta um novo cenário na capoeira angola proporcionado pela participação e liderança das mulheres nos grupos. Trata-se de um fenômeno recente na história da capoeira angola: o feminismo angoleiro. Partindo de uma perspectiva feminista, pretendo apontar como os mecanismos utilizados nos discursos tradicionais que reproduzem condutas heteronormativas e classificações sexistas, estão sendo questionados e ressignificados. Para desenvolver a minha reflexão sobre esse novo cenário político apresento o grupo Nzinga de Capoeira Angola, fundado por uma mulher, mestra Janja, com sede na cidade de Salvador. Este grupo é referência para as redes de mulheres capoeiristas que estão se formando pelo mundo e desenhando uma ginga feminista. Neste aspecto, a participação das mulheres está associada à construção de outras narrativas com novos sujeitos políticos, reconstruindo as categorias “mulher” e “homem”, “feminilidade” e “masculinidade”, não como unidades homogêneas e isoladas. Nos Encontros de Mulheres Capoeiristas, busca-se observar novas formas de contestação e de denunciar as desigualdades de gênero presente na capoeira. No jogo da capoeira, as mulheres criam estratégias para enfrentar os obstáculos impostos por uma cultura patriarcal e hegemônica e aprendem a usar o corpo como uma arma política e de defesa pessoal para jogar na vida.
O modelo metodológico de espacialização dos registros paroquiais de terras: o caso de São Sebastião de Ponte Nova
Authors: Laguardia Rafael Martins de Oliveira
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo verificar e validar a expansão do uso da metodologia desenvolvida para espacializar informações de propriedades rurais de São Sebastião de Ponte Nova, em meados do XIX. As informações que são espacializadas foram extraídas da fonte histórica Registro Paroquial de Terras. Esta será nossa principal fonte, fundamental para estudos sobre áreas agrícolas de uma região. A metodologia busca espacializar as informações dos confrontantes de terras para definir a configuração espacial das propriedades rurais. A metodologia foi aplicada anteriormente para a região Santo Antônio do Paraibuna e aqui mostramos como resultado que este método de espacializar informações de confrontações do Registro Paroquial de Terras é eficaz para outras regiões, ainda que com desenvolvimentos econômicos diferentes.
Signatures of Untwisting Magnetic Field in a Small Emerging Bipole in the Solar Photosphere
Authors: Sangeetha C. R. , Tripathi Durgesh , Rajaguru S. P.
Published: May 2020

We perform a study of fluid motions and its temporal evolution in and around a small bipolar emerging flux region using observations made by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We employ local correlation tracking of the Doppler observations to follow horizontal fluid motions and line-of-sight magnetograms to follow the flux emergence. Changes in vertical vorticity and horizontal divergence are used to derive signatures of evolving twists in the magnetic field. Our analysis reveals that the two polarities of the magnetic flux swirl in opposite directions in the early stages of flux emergence indicating an unwinding of the pre-emergence twists in the magnetic field. We further find that during the emergence, there is an increase in swirly motions in the neighboring nonmagnetic regions. We estimate the magnetic and kinetic energies and find that magnetic energy is about a factor of 10 larger than the kinetic energy. During the evolution, when the magnetic energy decreases, an increase in the kinetic energy is observed indicating transfer of energy from the unwinding of the magnetic flux tube to the surrounding fluid motions. Our results thus demonstrate the presence of pre-emergence twists in an emerging magnetic field that is important in the context of the hemispheric helicity rule warranting a detailed statistical study in this context. Further, our observations point to a possible widespread generation of torsional waves in emerging flux regions due to the untwisting magnetic field with implications for upward energy transport to the corona.
Large-scale versus Small-scale Fields in the Shock Front: Effect on the Particle Motion
Authors: Gedalin Michael
Published: May 2020

In situ measurements at heliospheric shocks show that inside the shock front large-scale electric and magnetic fields are accompanied with strong small-scale fields. Until recently, it was widely believed that particle dynamics is determined by the large-scale fields. During the last several years, claims have been made that the small-scale fields are of primary importance. Here we show that the large-scale fields govern the ion motion while both large- and small-scale fields are important for electrons.
A Search for Neutron Star–Black Hole Binary Mergers in the Short Gamma-Ray Burst Population
Authors: Gompertz B. P. , Levan A. J. , Tanvir N. R.
Published: May 2020

Short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) are now known to be the product of the merger of two compact objects. However, two possible formation channels exist: neutron star–neutron star (NS–NS) or NS–black hole (BH). The landmark SGRB 170817A provided evidence for the NS–NS channel, thanks to analysis of its gravitational wave signal. We investigate the complete population of SGRBs with an associated redshift (39 events) and search for any divisions that may indicate that an NS–BH formation channel also contributes. Though no conclusive dichotomy is found, we find several lines of evidence that tentatively support the hypothesis that SGRBs with extended emission (EE; seven events) constitute the missing merger population: they are unique in the large energy-band sensitivity of their durations and have statistically distinct energies and host galaxy offsets when compared to regular (non-EE) SGRBs. If this is borne out via future gravitational wave detections, it will conclusively disprove the magnetar model for SGRBs. Furthermore, we identify the first statistically significant anticorrelation between the offsets of SGRBs from their host galaxies and their prompt emission energies.
A Mildly Relativistic Outflow from the Energetic, Fast-rising Blue Optical Transient CSS161010 in a Dwarf Galaxy
Authors: Coppejans D. L. , Margutti R. , Terreran G. , Nayana A. J. , Coughlin E. R. , Laskar T. , Alexander K. D. , Bietenholz M. , Caprioli D. , Chandra P. , Drout M. R. , Frederiks D. , Frohmaier C. , Hurley K. H , Kochanek C. S. , MacLeod M. , Meisner A. , Nugent P. E. , Ridnaia A. , Sand D. J. , Svinkin D. , Ward C. , Yang S. , Baldeschi A. , Chilingarian I. V. , Dong Y. , Esquivia C. , Fong W. , Guidorzi C. , Lundqvist P. , Milisavljevic D. , Paterson K. , Reichart D. E. , Shappee B. , Stroh M. C. , Valenti S. , Zauderer B. A. , Zhang B.
Published: May 2020

We present X-ray and radio observations of the Fast Blue Optical Transient CRTS-CSS161010 J045834−081803 (CSS161010 hereafter) at t = 69–531 days. CSS161010 shows luminous X-ray (L
x ∼ 5 × 1039 erg s−1) and radio (L

ν
 ∼ 1029 erg s−1 Hz−1) emission. The radio emission peaked at ∼100 days post-transient explosion and rapidly decayed. We interpret these observations in the context of synchrotron emission from an expanding blast wave. CSS161010 launched a mildly relativistic outflow with velocity Γβc ≥ 0.55c at ∼100 days. This is faster than the non-relativistic AT 2018cow (Γβc ∼ 0.1c) and closer to ZTF18abvkwla (Γβc ≥ 0.3c at 63 days). The inferred initial kinetic energy of CSS161010 (E

k
 ≳ 1051 erg) is comparable to that of long gamma-ray bursts, but the ejecta mass that is coupled to the mildly relativistic outflow is significantly larger (

). This is consistent with the lack of observed γ-rays. The luminous X-rays were produced by a different emission component to the synchrotron radio emission. CSS161010 is located at ∼150 Mpc in a dwarf galaxy with stellar mass M
* ∼ 107
M
⊙ and specific star formation rate sSFR ∼ 0.3 Gyr−1. This mass is among the lowest inferred for host galaxies of explosive transients from massive stars. Our observations of CSS161010 are consistent with an engine-driven aspherical explosion from a rare evolutionary path of a H-rich stellar progenitor, but we cannot rule out a stellar tidal disruption event on a centrally located intermediate-mass black hole. Regardless of the physical mechanism, CSS161010 establishes the existence of a new class of rare (rate < 0.4% of the local core-collapse supernova rate) H-rich transients that can launch mildly relativistic outflows.
Two-step Dropouts of Radiation Belt Electron Phase Space Density Induced by a Magnetic Cloud Event
Authors: Zou Zhengyang , Zuo Pingbing , Ni Binbin , Gao Zhonglei , Wang Geng , Zhao Zhengyu , Feng Xueshang , Wei Fengsi
Published: May 2020

We report a two-step dropout event of radiation belt electron phase space density (PSD) induced by a typical magnetic cloud (MC) that drove an intense geomagnetic storm. The first and second steps of PSD dropout occurred, respectively, in the initial and main phases of the storm with a short-time partial recovery between the two dropouts. In this event, the initial phase after the sudden commencement lasted for near 21 hr, which gives an ideal opportunity to investigate the nature of the radiation belt electron dropout by isolating the main phase from any losses occurring during the initial phase. Detailed analysis shows that the first step of the dropout in the initial phase is likely associated with the magnetopause shadowing effect in combination with ultra-low frequency wave-induced outward transport caused by sustaining enhanced dynamic pressure activity before the MC. Comparably, the prolonged strong southward interplanetary magnetic field inside the MC that resulted in the storm main phase is supposed to play an important role in the second step of significant electron losses to the interplanetary space. Additionally, the partial recovery of electron PSD between the two steps of the dropout is possibly due to the acceleration processes via wave-particle interactions with whistler-mode chorus waves. Our study demonstrated that persistently enhanced solar wind dynamic pressure, which is frequently observed inside interplanetary coronal mass ejections and corotating interaction regions, can play an important role in modulating the radiation belt electron dynamics before the storm main phase driven by these solar wind disturbances.
Observations of an Unexpected Meteor Shower Outburst at High Ecliptic Southern Latitude and Its Potential Origin
Authors: Janches Diego , Bruzzone Juan Sebastian , Weryk Robert J. , Hormaechea Jose Luis , Wiegert Paul , Brunini Claudio
Published: May 2020

A strong and unexpected meteor shower outburst was observed by the Southern Argentina Agile MEteor Radar Orbital System (SAAMER-OS) at high southern ecliptic latitude within the South Toroidal region. The outburst, which was active throughout solar longitudes 351° and 352°, peaked at 09:30 UT on 2020 March 12, has a mean Sun-centered ecliptic radiant of λ − λ
0 ∼ 307.°5 and β ∼ −77.°2 and a geocentric velocity of 30.7 km s−1. Using the

parameter criterion, we find the corresponding orbital elements of the outburst to match well with both the β Tucanid and δ Mensid meteor showers, suggesting these are in fact the same shower. We also find a promising parent candidate in asteroid (248590) 2006 CS, a large (D ∼ 2 km) highly inclined 52° near-Earth object.
Gnetum chinense, a new species of Gnetaceae from southwestern China
Authors: Jin Wei-Yin , Liu Bing , Zhang Shou-Zhou , Wan Tao , Hou Chen , Yang Yong
Published: May 2020

Gnetum chinensesp. nov., a new lianoid species of Gnetaceae, is described from southwestern China. The new species is morphologically similar to G. montanum Markgr. in its oblong elliptic leaves and the ovoid to ellipsoid chlamydosperm, but differs from the latter by its shorter male spikes having fewer involucral collars (7–10 vs. 13–18 in G. montanum). We also did a new molecular analysis using one nuclear marker (i.e. nrITS) and four chloroplast markers (i.e. matK gene, rpoC1 intron, psbB-rps12 IGS, and trnF-trnV IGS). The result suggests that this specific clade is sister to a large clade consisting of all other known Chinese lianoid species of Gnetum except G. parvifolium (Warb.) W.C. Cheng.
L’expertise de l’inconnu : les chemins d’une création non destructrice
Authors: Le Masson Pascal , Weil Benoît
Published: May 2020

À l’heure d’Internet, de l’ open innovation ou des algorithmes de data science , on avait pu croire que l’expertise, devenue largement disponible voire, d’après certains, dispensable, était « morte » – mais les défis planétaires et les menaces communes viennent nous rappeler que l’expertise ne vaut pas seulement comme connaissance (un actif échangeable) mais vaut aussi comme capacité à explorer l’inconnu et à créer des connaissances nouvelles de façon organisée et systématique. Or cette approche de l’expertise au prisme de l’inconnu avait été jusqu’à présent assez peu explorée. Se fondant à la fois sur la rigueur historique (qui, pour éviter l’anachronisme, délimite avec soin la frontière entre connu et inconnu) et sur les avancées de la théorie de la conception (qui fournit aujourd’hui des modèles pour penser les rapports entre structures du connu et structure de l’inconnu), les travaux présentés dans ce numéro contribuent à éclairer les logiques cognitives, socio-organisationnelles et institutionnelles de l’expertise dans l’inconnu. En explorant les formes riches et variées qui font interagir connu et inconnu, ils dessinent les chemins d’une création non destructrice, qui conjugue préservation et création au service d’une innovation intensive, responsable et soutenable.
Les régimes de création d’expertise : innovation et gouvernance de l’expertise dans les organisations industrielles
Authors: Cabanes Benjamin , Le Masson Pascal , Weil Benoît
Published: May 2020

Cet article étudie la relation complexe entre expertise et innovation dans les organisations industrielles. Premièrement, nous examinons l’évolution historique des modèles de gouvernance de la création d’expertise pour l’innovation. À travers le concept de régimes de création d’expertise, nous proposons de dépasser l’aporie qui fait de l’expertise à la fois un frein et un moteur de l’innovation. Ce concept permet de revisiter et d’expliciter les relations complexes entre les enjeux d’innovation, la nature des processus de création d’expertise et les modes de gouvernance qui leur sont associés dans les organisations industrielles. Deuxièmement, en nous appuyant sur les résultats d’une analyse empirique chez STMicroelectronics, nous démontrons l’existence d’un nouveau régime de création d’expertise qui ne se limite pas à une évolution ou à une combinaison des précédents régimes identifiés. Enfin, nous défendons l’idée selon laquelle ce nouveau régime de création d’expertise rend possible une compréhension des enjeux de création d’expertise pour l’innovation intensive.
Modèles et analyse de régimes d’invention dans le droit du brevet américain (1790-2007)
Authors: Valibhay Chipten , Le Masson Pascal , Weil Benoît
Published: May 2020

En quoi le brevet porte-t-il une définition de l’invention technique ? Depuis la création de systèmes des brevets à la fin du XVIII e  siècle, le droit du brevet cherche à établir une frontière entre le domaine de l’inventif et celui du non-inventif, et ce au travers notamment du critère d’activité inventive et de la figure d’homme du métier apparue aux États-Unis. À travers une étude généalogique des pratiques d’examen des brevets dans la jurisprudence américaine fondée sur la théorie C/K, cet article met en évidence l’existence de trois régimes hétérogènes d’invention (régime de la nouveauté, régime du progrès fonctionnel et régime de l’originalité combinatoire) apparus successivement. Chacun correspond à une manière particulière de structurer le connu (l’état de l’art) et les formes d’inconnus explorées dans les inventions, au travers de critères d’évaluation spécifiques. Ces régimes permettent de mieux modéliser une variété de représentations de la figure d’homme du métier, et d’historiciser ce que signifie, aux yeux du droit du brevet, ce qu’est une « invention validée ».
Pour une recherche médicale plus attentive au réel
Authors: Sicard Didier
Published: May 2020

La pandémie due au coronavirus interroge les orientations fondamentales de la recherche scientifique et médicale. Trop polarisée sur la biologie moléculaire, la recherche de médicaments et de vaccins, elle s’est éloignée d’un travail d’investigation sur le terrain et d’une curiosité pour les multiples facteurs de transmission d’une maladie infectieuse de l’animal à l’homme. Une recherche attentive au réel, moins fragmentée et plus globale, permettrait de mieux comprendre le cheminement du virus et trouver des modes de prévention plus adaptés.
L’identification du capital intellectuel dans les rapports d’activité : une étude longitudinale des « mots du président » auprès de 11 musées (2003-2017)
Authors: Morgana Laurence
Published: May 2020

Les musées sont confrontés à de multiples mutations de leur activité. La gestion du capital intellectuel a été proposée comme une nouvelle approche de gestion dans les organisations de secteur public. Des recherches antérieures dans le secteur privé ont conduit à une vision fragmentée du capital intellectuel sous la forme de capital humain, structurel ou relationnel. Le but de cette recherche est de mieux comprendre les pratiques des musées relatives au capital intellectuel à travers l’analyse de leur communication extra­financière. Les résultats permettront de révéler les composantes du capital intellectuel, par nature non prises en compte par la comptabilité et donc absentes des états financiers des musées. Nous avons réalisé une analyse lexicale de 127 mots de présidents, publiés entre 2003 et 2017, de 11 musées. La principale contribution de cette recherche est la proposition d’une nouvelle typologie du capital immatériel adaptée aux musées, provenant d’une démarche empirique. Les limites de cette étude sont inhérentes au support étudié les lettres des dirigeants, rédigées dans le cadre d’une communication institutionnelle.
Le dialogue, élément central du contrôle capacitant. Le cas d’une organisation publique en réseau
Authors: Benoit Benjamin , Chatelain-Ponroy Stéphanie
Published: May 2020

Cette recherche qualitative, basée sur l’analyse de 54 entretiens semi-directifs et de documents, propose une piste d’interprétation de la mise en place d’un dispositif de contrôle de gestion en s’appuyant sur le modèle du contrôle capacitant. Les résultats révèlent l’importance de la notion de « dialogue » en contrôle capacitant. Elle porte sur l’organisation publique «  Coopération  », qui opère dans le monde entier, et a introduit un contrôle de gestion sur-mesure à partir de 2006.
Le rôle des pratiques de gestion interorganisationnelles dans le renforcement de communautés d ’ innovation inexpérimentées : É tude exploratoire au Burkina Faso
Authors: Toillier Aurélie , Kola Prosper
Published: May 2020

Cet article s’intéresse au rôle des pratiques de gestion interorganisationnelles (PGIO) dans le fonctionnement de communautés qui ne parviennent pas à faire aboutir leur innovation. À partir d’une revue de littérature croisant les approches stratégiques réseaux et les approches de gestion de l’innovation, un cadre d’analyse a été conçu pour explorer quatre domaines de gestion des relations interorganisationnelles permettant de résoudre les obstacles fréquemment rencontrés ont été identifiés : l’engagement et le contrôle ; la formation et l’information ; le pilotage du processus d’innovation ; l’allocation des ressources. À partir de six cas d’étude au Burkina Faso, nous montrons d’une part que les PGIO sont nécessaires mais pas suffisantes pour qu’une communauté d’innovation fonctionne mieux et d’autre part que d’autres domaines de gestion des relations interorganisationnelles sont à considérer. Deux types de communautés d’innovation (dispersée ou désagrégée) sont identifiés, pour lesquels le rôle des PGIO pour renforcer leur capacité à innover est discuté. Codes JEL : M11, L22, O13, O31, N17
Définir et évaluer la nature transformationnelle de la gouvernance des villes intelligentes : observations issues de quatre cas européens
Authors: Nesti Giorgia
Published: May 2020

Les villes intelligentes représentent une nouvelle approche en matière de développement urbain, qui s’appuie sur l’utilisation intensive des technologies de l’information et de la communication et sur la promotion de la durabilité environnementale, du développement économique et de l’innovation. Notre article vise à examiner si l’adoption de cette approche basée sur la ville intelligente suppose une transformation des structures institutionnelles et des pratiques administratives existantes. À cette fin, nous analysons quatre cas de villes intelligentes européennes : Amsterdam, Barcelone, Turin et Vienne. Nous allons décrire leurs modèles de gouvernance, étudier le niveau de transformation qu’ont subi leurs structures gouvernementales, décrire les principaux inconvénients et identifier les liens éventuels avec le paradigme émergent de la nouvelle gouvernance publique. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Dans le présent article, nous examinons de manière approfondie la façon dont la gouvernance intelligente est mise en œuvre dans la pratique. Nous décrivons le modèle de gouvernance urbaine fondé sur la ville intelligente, un modèle qui est le fruit d’objectifs bien précis, de relations spécifiques entre les parties prenantes, de styles politiques et d’outils stratégiques bien déterminés. La gouvernance intelligente suppose l’adoption d’une nouvelle approche basée sur l’expérimentation, la collaboration avec les acteurs locaux et la réorganisation des structures gouvernementales existantes. Ce processus doit être dirigé par des acteurs publics et s’appuyer sur des outils adaptés afin de gérer les interactions, de favoriser la coordination, de renforcer la légitimité démocratique et l’imputabilité et de garantir des résultats tangibles pour les citoyens.
La responsabilité des agents de l’État : étude de cas sur la Pologne
Authors: Chaba Dawid
Published: May 2020

Pour exercer le rôle d’agent de l’État, il faut accepter une certaine responsabilité. Cela vient du fait que les fonctionnaires assument diverses tâches d’une grande importance tant pour l’État que pour les citoyens. Ces tâches doivent être accomplies de manière professionnelle, intègre et légale. Lorsque ce n’est pas le cas, il est essentiel de pouvoir demander des comptes aux fonctionnaires et de les traduire en justice. Le présent article porte sur les questions fondamentales concernant un type bien précis de responsabilité, à savoir la responsabilité financière en cas de violation grave de la loi. Nous nous intéresserons plus particulièrement à la détermination de la portée subjective et objective de ladite responsabilité. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens La présente recherche propose aux praticiens de l’administration publique de comprendre de manière détaillée les questions liées à la responsabilité des employés de l’administration en cas de violations graves de la loi. Les agents de l’État doivent savoir que les tâches qu’ils accomplissent doivent être effectuées de manière minutieuse et conformément à la loi compte tenu de leur importance pour l’État et les citoyens. Dans le cas contraire, il convient de demander aux fonctionnaires de répondre de leur action et de les en rendre responsables. Dans le présent article, nous voyons comment la réglementation est mise en œuvre dans la pratique dans le système juridique polonais, si les fonctionnaires sont effectivement tenus responsables et examinons diverses questions pertinentes.
L’invisible collection
Authors: Ayoub Mathilde
Published: May 2020

Fiction : au cours d’un voyage dans une ville lointaine, un historien cherche à écrire l’histoire d’un musée dont on raconte qu’une partie de la collection est invisible. Une aventure faite d’impasses et de révélations.
Voyez-vous !
Authors: Dubrunquez Pierre
Published: May 2020

Un homme dont la passion, « primitive passion », pour les images domine la vie, poursuit un travail de peintre, cherchant obstinément à réduire un doute, un défaut d’assurance dans ce qu’il voit, si prenant qu’il le conduit à enquêter sur l’origine de ce trouble ; ce rôle de tenant lieu d’un autre où s’est nouée dès sa naissance la question récurrente du double, illégitime, du paraître et de l’être, ce qui dans le visible même se dérobe, ce qui se montre et ne peut se dire. Par où il touche à ce défaut d’assurance de l’enfant qui ne parle pas, assigné à ne produire que des images, tandis que pour les clarifier, les « voir », monte en lui, impérieux, le besoin d’en parler, prenant les autres à témoin : « Voyez-vous », ne cesse-t-il de répéter, comprenez-vous…