bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive Justice in Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Mohanta Abhinash , Garikapati Kyvalya , Sneha  , Mohanty Sanskruti , Shreya
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the evolving role of AI and jurimetrics in criminal proceedings, highlighting their potential to enhance predictive justice and key challenges. It defines predictive justice and examines the foundations of jurimetrics and AI, including machine learning, data analytics, and NLP. Empirical findings reveal the effectiveness and limitations of tools like COMPAS, PredPol, and TrueAllele, emphasizing concerns about bias, transparency, and judicial discretion. The chapter discusses AI's practical applications in law enforcement, courts, and legal procedures, illustrating how AI can streamline processes but also perpetuate biases. Ethical considerations, such as privacy threats and accountability, are critically examined. Trust dynamics, including stakeholder engagement and oversight, are stressed for responsible AI adoption. Future directions focus on advancing AI technologies, implementing robust policies, and prioritizing ethics to balance innovation with justice.
Mathematical Approach
Authors: Kathirvel Naren , Ayyaswamy Kathirvel , Saravanan N. , Kaliappan P.
Published: December 2024

Search engine to identify the promising feature subset candidates and a criterion to identify the best candidate often comprise a feature selection framework. A crucial technique in the field of machine learning, feature selection is given new significance in information retrieval (IR) 5.0. This strategy, sometimes referred to as variable or attribute selection, selects a subset of important traits or predictors in order to construct a model. Selected as a crucial technique for dimensionality reduction, its main goal from the viewpoint of IR 5.0 is to carefully select a subset of features from the original set. Part of the curation process is eliminating anything that is noisy, superfluous, or redundant. In the IR 5.0 era, feature selection becomes a central role as information retrieval is marked by unprecedented sophistication. Feature set accelerates both the improvement of learning performance and increased accuracy in the learning process.
The Impact of AI on Elderly Inmates in Central Prison
Authors: Srinivasan S. , Rajavel N. , Sanchez Nicamil K.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of digitalization and Artificial Intelligence (AI) on prison administration, criminal records, and offenders' re-entry, particularly on elderly convicts. International research in countries like Australia, Japan, Sweden, Canada, France, and the UK highlights the increasing challenges posed by ageing prison populations. The study, conducted in central prisons in Tamil Nadu, India, employed a descriptive research design and purposive sampling method, involving 259 participants across five central jails. Utilizing qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, including SPSS software, the study identifies post-release challenges faced by elderly inmates in society and the workplace, emphasizing issues of diversity, equity, inclusion, and social justice. It concludes with insights into the coping strategies adopted by older offenders to navigate these challenges, underscoring the need for societal understanding and support for their successful reintegration.
Research upon Self-Cleaning Ability of Organic Stains on TiO2 Coated Cotton Fabric under Different Light Conditions
Authors: Ngat Tran Thi , Tuan Nguyen Minh , Toan Nguyen Van , Phan Duy Nam
Published: December 2024

Cotton fabric is a textile material that is valued for its strength, breathability, absorbency, and potential for many textile products. In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) was synthesized by the sol-gel method, and cotton fabric was coated with TiO2 by the dip-coating method in an ultrasonic bath for self-cleaning applications. The characteristics of the coated cotton fabric were determined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray, and tensile strength. The photocatalytic activity of cotton fabric treated with TiO2 nanoparticles was followed by the degradation of three organic compounds, such as tea, coffee, and red wine, under solar, UV, and xenon light conditions. The results showed that stains of organic compounds were successfully decomposed by more than 50%, and the light conditions significantly affected the self-cleaning ability of fabric. The higher energy of light leads to improved degradation of stains on the treated fabric. With the ability to self-clean, cotton fabric may have great potential for commercialization in the textile industry for high-end products.
The Effect of Cotton Fiber Characteristics Tested by Uster H.V.I on Yarn Properties
Authors: Nguyen Sy Phuong , Vu Duc Tan
Published: December 2024

In this study, the effects of cotton fiber characteristics, tested by Uster High VolumeInstruments (HVI) on the tenacity, elongation, unevenness, imperfection index (IPI) and hairiness values of the combed ring spinning yarns, were investigated in detail. Based on the experiments, it was found that an increase in fiber tensile strength and elongation leads to an increase in the specific tensile strength and elongation of the yarn; an increase in short fiber content and neps fiber materials leads to an increase in the unevenness, IPI of the yarn; an increase in the fiber length leads to a decrease the hairiness values of the yarn, etc. Information concerning the relative contribution of fiber characteristics to yarn properties is one of the important targets for the spinner to choose cottons that are best suited to the manufacture of specific end product.
Ronald H. Coase
Authors: Stagnaro Carlo
Published: December 2024

Non disponibile.
L’EPICUREISMO DEL DEI DELITTI E DELLE PENE
Authors: Fancello Lorenzo
Published: December 2024

Il saggio si propone di rintracciare l'eredità filosofica e l'influenza della filosofia di Epicuro nel Dei delitti e delle pene di Cesare Beccaria. Nell'opera di Beccaria sono evidenti le assonanze con le epicuree Ratae Sententiae e con il lucreziano De Rerum Natura, di cui Beccaria possedeva più copie. Anche se non esplicitamente citati da Beccaria, la presenza di temi epicurei si nota nella sua descrizione della nascita dello Stato civile, dell'alleanza, dei meccanismi di punizione e della formazione di un ordine sociale a partire dagli interessi individuali.
GENEALOGIE DELLA DIPLOMAZIA ITALIANA. IL FATTORE UMANO FRA TRADIZIONE E NUOVE SFIDE
Authors: Arisi Rota Arianna
Published: December 2024

Questo articolo si concentra sul concetto di genealogia applicato ai diplomatici italiani dal periodo post-unitario a quello repubblicano. Il recente libro dello storico delle relazioni internazionali Luciano Monzali, La diplomazia italiana dal Risorgimento alla Prima Repubblica (Mondadori Education, 2023), viene esaminato sulla base anche delle principali ricerche europee sui corpi diplomatici e i cambiamenti di regime. Le singole personalità di diplomatici junior e senior nella storia italiana, in particolare nel periodo fascista e nella ricostruzione del secondo dopoguerra, sono delineate grazie alla stimolante ricerca d'archivio di Monzali. Anche le categorie di generazione e di “stile diplomatico” sono considerate strumenti utili per avvicinarsi al contributo dei diplomatici alle principali scelte politiche del loro tempo.
SULLA RICEZIONE ITALIANA DEL PENSIERO SOCIOLOGICO-GIURIDICO E POLITICO DI EUGEN EHRLICH
Authors: Pelissero Margherita
Published: December 2024

Negli ultimi decenni il brillante dibattito italiano su Eugen Ehrlich ha riguardato il suo antiformalismo e la sua critica a Karl Marx e Anton Menger. In particolare, l'antiformalismo di Eugen è stato discusso attraverso l'analisi della dura disputa tra Ehrlich e Hans Kelsen, incentrata anche su fondamentali questioni epistemologiche.
Il caso di Thomas (2 anni e 7 mesi) e della sua famiglia
Authors: Montali Simona
Published: December 2024

Mamma e papà giungono alla mia osservazione quando Thomas ha 2 anni e 7 mesi.
È seguito da circa 6 mesi dal Centro Autismo cui è giunto tramite il pediatra a seguito di una grossa scenata nel corso di una visita ambulatoriale di controllo. Viene prescritto ed eseguito un test rapido per autismo, seguito dall’invio al neuropsichiatra infantile, con conseguente invio al Centro Autismo per arrivare ad una diagnosi di Disturbo Pervasivo di Sviluppo. In base alla legge 104 alla famiglia è stato suggerito l’inserimento del bambino “fuori tempo” al nido con sostegno su indicazione precisa della neuropsichiatra infantile del Centro accompagnato da un percorso di psicomotricità. [...]
Commento
Authors: Cavelzani Alessandro
Published: December 2024

Vorrei ringraziare innanzitutto la Redazione di Ricerca Psicoanalitica per avermi invitato a commentare un articolo molto interessante, e vorrei esprimere i miei complimenti all’Autrice dell’articolo per come ha descritto il caso e lo ha condotto.
L’articolo offre l’opportunità di riflettere su diversi temi teorico-clinici, quali la psicoterapia del bambino o/e della famiglia, la comunicazione con i genitori nel processo della cura ed il loro coinvolgimento (oppure no) nella terapia, la presenza di più figure curanti (ad esempio, la psicomotricità in un centro specializzato, e uno psicoterapeuta aggiuntivo coinvolto all’esterno), e molti altri aspetti.[...]
Urgenza psicologica. Storia e funzionamento di un servizio di psicologia “militante” nella e per la città
Authors: Barracco Anna , Cersosimo Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

Luogo di snodo e di possibile riannodamento, recupero, rianimazione, orientamento di una domanda di ascolto troppo spesso mortificata o misconosciuta, servizio di libero accesso, senza intermediazioni, gratuito ma altamente professionale per co-costruire insieme un nuovo sistema, efficace ed efficiente, che condivida come fine ultimo il benessere dell’essere umano ferito.
Il servizio di Urgenza Psicologica è una delle molteplici risposte nate dalla cooperativa CREA, la quale si occupa da circa trent’anni di riabilitazione e inclusione sociale, nel campo del disagio psicologico e psichiatrico grave, con una logica di mantenimento di un dialogo fra servizi riabilitativi, città e società civile.[...]
Editoriale
Authors: Vanni Fabio
Published: December 2024

Molte cose preziose in questo terzo numero 2024 di Ricerca Psicoanalitica.
Un focus sulla consultazione psicologica che, a partire da un contributo di Silvia Bertoli e del sottoscritto, si avvale dei commenti di Simona Montali, Annarita Viarengo e di Linda Alfieri, Maria Carmela Abbruzzese ed Enrico Vincenti per concludersi con la replica degli autori. Un dialogo serrato che certo non si esaurirà qui ma che già qui consente di mettere a fuoco la rilevanza e la complessità della consultazione. Una rilevanza non sempre riconosciuta, spesso anzi negletta nella formazione degli psicoterapeuti che sovente fa prevalere procedure stereotipate e rassicuranti anziché aprire all’incontro con il nuovo che caratterizza la consultazione e che ne fa uno dei momenti clinici più affascinanti e densi.[...]
Replica
Authors: Vanni Fabio , Bertoli Silvia
Published: December 2024

f
Una imperfetta solitudine. Commento al film Perfect Days
Authors: Goisis Pietro Roberto
Published: December 2024

È il 4 gennaio 2024. Esce nelle sale cinematografiche il nuovo film di Wim Wenders. Sarà candidato al Premio Oscar per il miglior film straniero. Nel 2023 l’attore protagonista ha vinto la Palma d’Oro a Cannes.
Se ne parla già come di un film bellissimo.[...]
Familial Impact on Obesity-related Comorbidities in Saudi Youth: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Alrajeh Saud Abdulmohsen , Almajid Ghadir Jaffer , Hamood Nouf , Alhashem Siraj Fadhel , Tukruni Emtinan Mohammed , Almasabi Ghadeer Yahya , Alkathem Jafar Ali , Alhodibi Mostafa
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Obesity disproportionately impacts Gulf populations and predisposes youth to related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, familial determinants of obesity-linked comorbidities remain understudied in Saudi youth. This study aimed to examine obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension prevalence and their associations with family factors.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study recruited 1722 Saudi youth aged 15–30 years. Demographic data, medical histories, lifestyle behaviours and family health profiles were gathered through questionnaires. Chi-square tests evaluated bivariate associations between obesity, T2D, hypertension and familial parameters using SPSS version 27.

Results:

The predominantly female/young/educated sample had a high sedentary activity prevalence (39%). Over one-fourth reported T2D, hypertension or chronic kidney disease diagnoses. Obesity significantly associated with T2D (60.2%) and hypertension (92.1%). Family history correlated significantly with individual T2D diagnosis (66.3% vs. 34.3%). Near half had diabetic/hypertensive family members, with positive associations seen between shared obesity/NCD family histories and individual health markers.

Conclusion:

This study provides preliminary insights into obesity and familial linkages to prevalent youth NCDs in Saudi Arabia. Multi-generational intervention strategies that address obesogenic environments and promote healthy lifestyles across whole families may prove efficacious for primordial NCD prevention locally. Future prospective research should explore causality and underlying familial, genetic and socio-cultural determinants driving the epidemiological transition.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Pharmacological Interventions for Hyperpigmentation Disorders in a Saudi Arabian Population: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Aleid Ali Mohammad , Alghmdi Rana Saeed , Almahfouz Rnda Fahad , Jalfan Saeed Mohammed , Aldhuwayhi Tahalil Zamil A. , Alzahrani Maryam Abdullah , Alawam Hadil Sultan , Alzahrani Rayan Abdullah J. , AlQahtani Wasan Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The conditions that involve hyperpigmentation are widespread dermatological disorders which involve melanin hyperproduction, especially in Saudi Arabia where various phototypes are widespread. The aim of the treatment and the extent to which patients receive this intervention are essential to identifying in any specific clinical context.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional and questionnaire-based study designed to identify the effect of pharmacological management on women of Saudi Arabia with Halitosis, with 83.9% of the 2700 respondents being female, aged 18–24 years, 39.4%, with university-level education constituting 65.6%. The survey was conducted online, and data were collected over a period of two months. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 28.0, employing basic data analysis, cross-tabulation, Chi-square test of independence, grouped independent samples t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results:

The highest incidence was of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (10.6%), the second highest incidence being melasma (6%). Topical agents were the most frequently used modality (16.7%) because they were the least risky. The varying level of satisfaction and effectiveness depending on dosage as well as the skin type of the students is depicted by the satisfaction ratings below, meaning that individual outcomes of the treatments may vary amongst the students.

Conclusion:

From this study, the patient involvement in treatment is emphasised to improve the results of surgeries and treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders. Others are pharmacological intervention, screening, follow-up, counselling and skin protection advocacy, respectively. Further research into the treatment issue should be directed to the assessment of the longevity of the treatment approaches and the expansion of non-medicinal approaches to practice.
Effect of Liposuction on Weight Reduction and Metabolic Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Aleid Mohammed Sami , Mushari Fahad Yahya Ahmed , Alruwaili Araa Ghanem , Albarrati Ayman Mohammed , Alghamdi Rayan Ahmed N. , Alshehri Amal Ali , Alshahrani Khaled Mesfer , Houlbah Ibrahim Abdullah , Alghmdi Rana Saeed , AlQahtani Reemah Farhan , Alawad Fatema Hani , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef
Published: December 2024

Background:

Liposuction, an increasingly common cosmetic therapy, has been found to impact metabolic parameters in addition to aesthetics. This meta-analysis assesses the effects on weight, lipid profiles, glucose levels and insulin sensitivity.

Materials and Methods:

A thorough literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scopus up to January 2024. The included studies reported on weight reduction or metabolic outcomes post-liposuction. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4, utilising a random effects model.

Results:

A total of 23 studies involving 779 participants were included. Significant weight reduction was observed post-liposuction (MD = −2.28 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.14–−1.41; P < 0.00001). In addition, body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly (MD = −3.66 kg/m², 95% CI: −5.63–−1.70; P = 0.0003). Glucose levels and insulin serum concentration showed significant reductions (MD = −5.20 mg/dL, 95% CI: −8.02–−2.39; P = 0.0003; I² = 79%) and (MD = −3.39, 95% CI: −4.56–−2.42; P < 0.00001; I² = 74%), respectively. Changes in lipid profiles were variable: liposuction led to a non-significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (MD = −5.31 mg/dL, 95% CI: −19.43–8.81; P = 0.46) and total cholesterol levels (MD = −8.02 mg/dL, 95% CI: −20.17–4.12; P = 0.20). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels remained largely unchanged (MD = 0.99 mg/dL, 95% CI: −1.30–3.27; P = 0.40). Leptin and adiponectin levels also did not show a significant change.

Conclusions:

Liposuction significantly reduces weight, BMI, glucose levels and insulin serum concentration, suggesting potential metabolic benefits. However, effects on lipid profiles and other metabolic markers are inconsistent, highlighting the need for further targeted research. The variability among studies underscores the complexity of liposuction’s systemic effects.
Efficacy of Benralizumab in Paediatric and Adult Populations with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Almulhim Rayanah Nouraldeen , Alsabhawi Abdullah Hamad , Alkhawajah Amnah Ali , Alyabis Nouf Abdullah , Alotaibi Jood Khalid , Alfaraj Ahmed Baqer , Alawad Fatema Hani , Alarfaj Abdullah Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Background:

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the nasal and sinus mucosa, characterised by the symptoms such as nasal congestion, facial pain and a diminished sense of smell. Despite available treatments, including intranasal corticosteroids and surgery, many patients experience persistent symptoms and a reduced quality of life. Benralizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin-5 receptor alpha, has emerged as a potential therapeutic option for CRSwNP due to its ability to target eosinophils, a key cell type involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Benralizumab in both paediatric and adult populations with CRSwNP.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library, from inception to 10th April 2024. The search strategy utilised a combination of keywords related to Benralizumab, CRSwNP and relevant outcomes. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy and safety of Benralizumab in patients with CRSwNP. Data extraction was conducted independently by two authors, and risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane ‘Risk of bias’ tool. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager version 5.4.1, and pooled effect estimates were calculated for primary and secondary outcomes.

Results:

Three RCTs were analysed, encompassing 431 individuals. Benralizumab exhibited significant reductions in sino-nasal outcome test scores compared to placebo (MD = −0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.05 to −0.65; P = 0.04). Computed tomography scores Lund-Mackay score (LMS) also decreased significantly with Benralizumab treatment (overall effect size: −2.27, 95% CI: −2.52 to − 2.02; P < 0.00001). Furthermore, Benralizumab led to a substantial reduction in bilateral endoscopic nasal polyp scores (combined standard mean difference: −0.91), benefiting patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, our systematic review and meta-analysis provide evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of Benralizumab in treating both paediatric and adult populations with CRSwNP. Benralizumab offers a targeted approach to addressing the underlying inflammatory process driving CRSwNP, leading to significant reductions in nasal polyp size and improvements in symptoms and quality of life.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials comparing the Effectiveness of Nasal Splints versus Nasal Packing
Authors: Alasmari Yazeed , Alshehri Renad Mohammed , Sultan Huda , Alotaibi Talal , Munhish Fadi , Alrumayh Jawaher , Abdullah Shaden , Alshehri Rayan Fahad Z. , Albalawi Danah , Alawad Fatema Hani , Alarfaj Abdullah Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Background:

Nasal splints and nasal packing are commonly utilised interventions in various nasal surgeries, including septoplasty and rhinoplasty. Understanding the efficacy and potential benefits of each approach is essential for optimising patient outcomes and informing clinical practice.

Objective:

This study aims to synthesise evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to provide valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of nasal splints versus nasal packing in nasal surgery procedures.

Materials and Methods:

Data extraction included study characteristics, participant details, interventions, outcomes and funding sources. Quality assessment was conducted using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs. Statistical analyses were performed using R software, assessing heterogeneity with Cochrane Q and I² and utilising random-effects and common-effects models. Publication bias was evaluated through funnel plots and Egger’s test.

Results:

The meta-analysis demonstrated a significant positive effect of the treatment, with minimal heterogeneity among the studies. Egger’s test indicated minimal funnel plot asymmetry, suggesting that publication bias is unlikely to have substantially influenced the results.

Conclusion:

While the findings suggest a positive effect of nasal splints or packing, methodological concerns in some studies highlight the importance of rigorous evaluation and further research to enhance the reliability of findings and guide clinical practice.
Novel Therapies in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alkhalaf Rabab Ahmed Ali , Alayash Nawaf Ahmad A. , Alsultan Essa Sultan , Albahrani Zahra Saleem , Elyas Shahad Kamal H. , Alnaim Fatimah Sami , Alshangiti Asmaa Yahya , Aljayar Dalia , Alawad Fatema Hani , Mohaini Mohammad Al
Published: December 2024

Background:

Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex, chronic and bilateral disease that results in discomfort, visual changes and instability of the tear film. These are immunosuppressive agents, immunomodulators, anti-inflammatory agents and corticosteroids some of the recent treatment approaches are autologous serum eye drops, stem cell therapy, lipid therapy and so on. This meta-analysis seeks to compare the effectiveness of autologous serum eye drops, stem cell therapy as well as the new lipid-based therapies with the standard water-based artificial tear ocular lubricants in DED.

Methodology:

PubMed, Cochrane and Embase were performed for the identification of trials published in the past 15 years. Specified data extraction was made on the aspects of study design, sample size, type of emerging therapy, measures of efficacy and the follow-up period. Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess study quality after modification was made to it. Meta-analysis applied the random-effects model to compare the effectiveness when stated as relative risks or mean differences.

Results:

Amongst the above, 19 studies were considered suitable for inclusion in the present paper. AEED and stem cell therapy demonstrated a better effect than artificial tear on tear film break-up time (TFBUT) and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Lipid-based treatments: here, the emulsion-based treatments seem to be slightly superior to the liposome-based treatments in TFBUT and Schirmer’s tests. To grill heterogeneity, sensitivity analyses were conducted on the findings of the meta-analysis.

Conclusion:

A similarity comparison of autologous serum eye drops and stem cell therapy shows that all parameters of efficacy for DED patients are significantly higher in the second method for increasing TFBUT and OSDI. Lipid preparations in the form of emulsions are not only viable, thus indicating that such novel therapies can aid in the improvement of DED outcomes. More studies must be conducted to describe longer outcomes and fine-tune working procedures.
Comparative Retrospective Analysis of Clinical and Hormonal Profiles in PCOS Patients with and Without Infertility
Authors: Alawad Fatema Hani , Alharbi Atheer Abdulmohsen , Mayoof Kawthar Ishaq , Hawsawi Heba Mohammed Ramadan , Alharthi Nada Nawaf , Ahmed Rufaida A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a prevalent endocrine disorder that impacts women who are fertile. Infertility is a characteristic of PCOS, although not all patients have it. To compare the clinical and hormonal profiles of PCOS patients with and without infertility, a retrospective analysis was carried out.

Methods:

Clinical and hormonal data of 541 PCOS patients were retrieved from patient records. Patients were classified into two groups based on the presence (n = 91) or absence (n = 450) of infertility. Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels at two time points and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were compared between the groups. The study used IBM SPSS version 27 to analyse data on the fertility status of PCOS patients. Quantitative variables were expressed using mean ± standard deviation, whereas qualitative variables were expressed using frequencies and proportions. The study compared the mean AMH, β-hCG I and β-hCG II levels of two groups using an independent sample t-test. The best cut-off values for AMH and β-hCG to predict infertility were determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The relationships between hormonal factors and clinical parameters such as oligomenorrhoea and hirsutism were examined using the Chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The effect of hormonal parameters on infertility likelihood was assessed through multivariate logistic regression.

Results:

Patients with PCOS who were unable to conceive had significantly higher levels of β-hCG I and II than those who were not (P < 0.05). Patients who were infertile also had significantly higher levels of AMH (P < 0.05). Most infertile patients had AMH >4 ng/mL or β-hCG I >25 mIU/mL. Infertility in PCOS patients could be predicted with high sensitivity and specificity using these cut-off values.

Conclusion:

β-hCG and AMH levels can help differentiate PCOS patients with and without infertility. When compared to non-infertile patients, infertile patients had higher levels of both hormones. AMH >4 ng/mL or β-hCG I >25 mIU/mL levels demonstrated good predictive power for infertility risk in PCOS patients. Hormonal variables relating to fertility status in polycystic ovary syndrome are better understood with the help of these clinical data.
Functional Outcomes of Delayed Orthopaedic Surgeries in Saudi Paediatric Patients: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Alghamdi Rayan Ahmed , Al-Hayek Omar Oussama F. , Shakally Mohamad Souleman , Althobaiti Omar Mohammed , Aleid Fatimah Hussain , Alqahtani Mansour Salem B. , Alruwaili Abdulaziz Talal M. , Alqahtani Rahaf Abdullah , Aleid Zainab Mohammed , Alaidarous Hasan Ali Abdullah
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Orthopaedic surgery is a surgical speciality that addresses a broad range of musculoskeletal conditions in all age groups to restore normal anatomy and function for an individual. The effect of delayed orthopaedic intervention in paediatric patients is understudied in available research in terms of patient’s functional outcomes and satisfaction. This study aims to investigate the consequences of delayed orthopaedic surgical procedures on the functional outcomes of paediatric patients in Saudi Arabia, addressing a significant research gap in the existing literature.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study design was used to examine the correlation between delayed orthopaedic surgical interventions and functional outcomes in the paediatric population across all regions of Saudi Arabia. The study sample of a total of 1584 paediatric patients was evaluated for orthopaedic surgical procedures. The data were collected using a comprehensive questionnaire which included demographic information as well as specific questions regarding their orthopaedic conditions and surgical interventions. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 28.0, following descriptive statistics, linear regression analysis, t-tests and ANOVA.

Results:

A significant positive association between delayed orthopaedic surgical interventions and functional outcomes was inferred. Furthermore, delayed interventions were linked to increased complications and reduced patient satisfaction, shedding light on potential areas of improvement. The study also emphasised that early operative treatment for paediatric injuries resulted in more favourable functional outcomes.

Conclusions:

In children, delayed orthopaedic procedures have been linked to worse functional results, with more severe fractures. A possible problem with the healthcare system may be indicated by the fact that the majority of participants thought that the orthopaedic surgical operations were considerably delayed. The study highlights the necessity of treating paediatric patients with orthopaedic therapy immediately because it can improve their quality of life and functional outcomes. Optimising paediatric orthopaedic care should be the main priority for healthcare professionals and legislators. They should investigate the causes of delays and possible solutions.
Investigating Patient Satisfaction, Quality of Life and Walking Impairment in Children with Flatfeet: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alyabis Nouf , Alqahtani Saeed Jarallah , Algahtany Aws Mubarak , Alruwaili Abdulelah Hamdan , Alqahtani Abdulrahman Saleh , Ali Khaled , Aleid Kawthar Mohammed , Alaidarous Hasan A. , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef
Published: December 2024

Background:

Flatfoot (pes planus) is a common condition, often leading to pain and functional impairment. Surgical interventions are common, but their effectiveness in improving patient satisfaction and functional outcomes is unclear. This study evaluates these aspects in children post-flatfoot surgery.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2023 to August 2023 with 540 children aged 5–18 years who had undergone flatfoot surgery. Data analysis, using SPSS software, focused on demographics and post-operative outcomes, including satisfaction, quality of life and walking impairment.

Results:

A total of 540 patients were included, mainly aged 5–18 years with balanced gender distribution, reported varied post-surgery experiences. Some patients noted significant improvements in walking and quality of life, while others noted minimal benefits. Overall, moderate satisfaction was observed, indicating the potential benefits of the flatfoot surgery.

Conclusion:

The study highlights the importance of personalised pre- and post-operative care in managing flatfoot surgery expectations and outcomes. It suggests that healthcare providers should focus on individualised care strategies. Further research is needed to explore factors influencing surgical outcomes and develop less invasive treatment options for flatfoot.
Prevalence and Causes of Congenital Heart Defects in Paediatric Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Aleid Kawthar Mohammed , Alamer Noof Khalid , Alrashed Fatimah Abdullah , Shaker Mawaddah Mutasem , Alshehri Nada Mohammed , Alotaibi Abdulmajeed A. , Aldammas Lama Ahmed , Alkadi Ghadah , Alzahrani Hayat , Alsaegh Shouq Yousef , Alkhars Ola
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The study begins with a general overview of congenital heart defect (CHD), highlighting its status as a major congenital anomaly and a leading cause of infant mortality, particularly in developing countries. It narrows down to the specific context of Saudi Arabian children, where data on CHD are notably lacking. The introduction merges this background with the objectives of investigating the prevalence, risk factors and potential causes of CHDs in this population, positioning the research within existing literature and articulating its significance.

Methods:

The research utilised a cross-sectional design conducted across various provinces in Saudi Arabia, targeting parents of children aged 0–18 years diagnosed with CHDs. Key procedures included the use of a comprehensive questionnaire developed in collaboration with paediatric cardiologists and epidemiologists, focusing on demographic information, medical history and maternal health during pregnancy. The study emphasises the significance of echocardiography and other medical imaging techniques for diagnosis, ensuring clarity in the research approach.

Results:

The study found a high prevalence of CHDs amongst Saudi Arabian children, with the most common types being patent ducts arteriosus and ventricular septal defect. A significant portion of parents reported seeking medical treatment for their child’s CHD, with surgical intervention being the predominant mode of treatment. However, there were no statistically significant associations between the presence of specific CHD subtypes and maternal health conditions.

Conclusion:

The study concludes that specific maternal health conditions, including chronic health conditions, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders and surgical procedures, were not significantly associated with the presence of CHD subtypes in Saudi Arabian children. This finding emphasises the complexity of CHD aetiology and underscores the need for continued research to uncover the multifaceted factors contributing to these congenital heart defects. The study contributes to a better understanding of CHDs in Saudi Arabian children and provides a foundation for future investigations aimed at enhancing prevention and management strategies for this significant public health concern.
Assessment of Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Status in Geriatric Cardiovascular Patients: A Comprehensive Cross-sectional Investigation
Authors: Aleid Ahmed Fadeil , Alali Abdulaziz Ali , Alzaydani Ahmed Ibrahim , Mohammad Yasir J. , Asiri Ahmed Abdullah , Majrashy Alya Ebrahim Hady , Al Mohaini Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The ageing process is intricately linked to evolving dietary habits and an augmented risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Population of geriatric age group is known to be at a higher risk of malnutrition due to physiological changes as well as usage of medicines and sociocultural profile. This vulnerability escalates when CVD is into the picture. It is, therefore, crucial to understand the dietary patterns and nutritional status of this group of people as it forms the basis in intervention.

Methods:

Participants were selected from healthcare facilities, geriatric patients and patients aged 65 years and above with CVDs. Food consumption was measured using food frequency questionnaires, whereas the nutritional status of the population was determined using anthropometric and biochemical indices. The data collected were statistically analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 27.0 by Chi-square, correlation and regression analysis at P < 0.05. These analytical procedures provided a direction to identifying dietary patterns, nutritional status and their impact on cardiovascular risk among this particular population.

Results:

In our cross-sectional study done on geriatric patients with CVDs, certain dietary patterns were identified. As demonstrated, 73.9% of patients who had healthy diets were with favourable CVD status as compared to 54.3% of those with unhealthy diets, who had poor CVD status (P < 0.001). In addition, a majority of respondents claimed that they rarely had fruits and vegetables (73.3%) and seldom read food labels (37.7%). Further, the majority of participants (85.5%) who reported having heart disease or heart attacks claimed they had no prior history of these conditions. Of the remaining participants, 5.3% reported having heart disease that is currently being controlled, and 7.4% had a history of heart disease but are now in control.

Conclusion:

These findings of high significant and strong positive relationship between dietary patterns and cardiovascular status demonstrate the need for effective diet education and intervention programmes to encourage the selection of better diets from this group of vulnerable population. Ideas like these have the possibility of adding to the general health and worth of its individuals.
Ixekizumab for the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis: A Review
Authors: Godse Kiran , Patil Anant , Godse Gauri
Published: December 2024

Psoriasis vulgaris, a chronic immune-mediated disease plaque psoriasis, is the most common type of presentation. The severity of the disease can range from mild to moderate and moderate to severe condition. Topical formulations, phototherapy, oral therapy, and biologics are available for the treatment of psoriasis. Ixekizumab, a humanized monoclonal IgG4-κ antibody is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2016 for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. This review article provides an update on the efficacy and safety of ixekizumab.
Effect of High-glucose Incubation on the Antioxidant System in Rat Gastrointestinal Tract Wall Tissue
Authors: Matalqah Batool Abd-Alrahman , Al-Shboul Othman Abd-Allah , Al-Dwairi Ahmed Nayef , Al-U’datt Doa’a Ghazi , Al-Khasawneh Duha Ghassan
Published: December 2024

Background:

Hyperglycemic metabolic disorders such as diabetes can impair gastrointestinal (GI) physiological functions leading to multiple digestive manifestations. Oxidative stress which is an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidants is contributed to GI complications that occur during hyperglycemia.

Aim:

To investigate the effect of high-glucose concentration on the antioxidant enzymes in the GI tract.

Methods:

Small intestine and colon tissues extracted from rats were incubated in a high-glucose medium for 3 hours. Following tissue homogenization, antioxidant enzyme activity and expression were evaluated.

Results:

Catalase (CAT) activity was increased in the small intestine (1742 ± 113.1–2265 ± 242.4 [mU/mL]) and decreased in the colon (3791 ± 516.2–1532 ± 292.9). Total antioxidant capacity was decreased in the small intestine (10.1 ± 1.83–9.048 ± 0.441 [nmole/μl]) and increased in the colon (8.114 ± 0.9–11.01 ± 0.99). Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of antioxidant enzymes in the small intestine was increased (CAT: 0.03941 ± 0.0041–0.1917 ± 0.0165, glutathione peroxidase 1 [GPx1]: 1.156 ± 0.0855–16.24 ± 1.618, glutathione reductase [GR]: 0.0413 ± 0.0014-0.1549 ± 0.0145, superoxide dismutase 1 [SOD1]: 1.03 ± 0.1095–8.52 ± 0.471, SOD2: 0.00106 ± 3.559e-005–0.0028 ± 0.00052, SOD3: 0.0352 ± 0.0044–0.0493 ± 0.0223). mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes in the colon was decreased (CAT: 0.02148 ± 0.0032–0.01057 ± 0.0014, GPx1: 0.48 ± 0.146–0.1090 ± 0.0209, GPx4: 0.2391 ± 0.063–0.01671 ± 0.0019, GR: 0.0393 ± 0.0031–0.0093 ± 0.0014, SOD1: 0.389 ± 0.1159–0.088 ± 0.0251, SOD2: 0.000934 ± 0.00020–0.000233 ± 2.39023e-05, SOD3: 0.0114 ± 0.00107–0.0017 ± 0.000176).

Conclusion:

Most of the results indicate a state of oxidative stress in the GI tract mediated by the exposure to high glucose level. Diabetic GI complications could be reversed using specific modalities that act to increase the antioxidant capacity.
Therapeutic Use of Psychedelics for Mental Disorders: A Systematized Review
Authors: Alyahya Norah M. , Al Saleem Eithar A.
Published: December 2024

In this review, studies focusing on the therapeutic use of psychedelics for treating mental health disorders published since 2010 have been examined. A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline and EBSCO. After extracting data from 19 papers, an analysis was performed. Critical evidence highlighting the effectiveness of psychedelic drugs in treating depression, anxiety, obsessive–compulsive disorder, drug addiction, and mental problems associated with terminal disease has been identified in the analyzed research. Guidelines for the safe administration of psychedelic therapy have been employed in all relevant primary studies. Nonetheless, mania and psychosis have been found to be linked to unfavorable outcomes. Although there has been a resurgence of research on the safety and effectiveness of psychedelics for a variety of mental health issues, the positive findings of this review reinforce the need for more comprehensive studies to better understand how psychedelics affect clients with mental illnesses. More studies are also required to examine the effectiveness of psychedelics in treating some mental illnesses, such as eating disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and personality disorders.
Insights into the transcriptomic heterogeneity of brain endothelial cells in normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Yue Qian , Li Shang , Lei Chon Lok , Wan Huaibin , Zhang Zaijun , Hoi Maggie Pui Man
Published: December 2024

Drug development for Alzheimer’s disease Is extremely challenging, as demonstrated by the repeated failures of amyloid-β-targeted therapeutics and the controversies surrounding the amyloid-β cascade hypothesis. More recently, advances in the development of Lecanemab, an anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibody, have shown positive results in reducing brain A burden and slowing cognitive decline in patients with early- stage Alzheimer’s disease in the Phase III clinical trial (Clarity Alzheimer’s disease). Despite these promising results, side effects such as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) may limit its usage. ARIA can manifest as ARIA-E (cerebral edema or effusions) and ARIA-H (microhemorrhages or superficial siderosis) and is thought to be caused by increased vascular permeability due to inflammatory responses, leading to leakages of blood products and protein-rich fluid into brain parenchyma. Endothelial dysfunction is an early pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease, and the blood-brain barrier becomes increasingly leaky as the disease progresses. In addition, APOE4, the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, is associated with higher vascular amyloid burden, increased ARIA incidence, and accelerated blood-brain barrier disruptions. These interconnected vascular abnormalities highlight the importance of vascular contributions to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we will closely examine recent research evaluating the heterogeneity of brain endothelial cells in the microvasculature of different brain regions and their relationships with Alzheimer’s disease progression.
Hidden face of Parkinson’s disease: is it a new autoimmune disease?
Authors: Jo Min Gi , Kim Seon-Hee , Yun Seung Pil
Published: December 2024

Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and clinical symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and slowed movements. A key feature of Parkinson’s disease is the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein, forming insoluble Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which contributes to neurodegeneration. These α-synuclein aggregates may act as autoantigens, leading to T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation and contributing to dopaminergic cell death. Our perspective explores the hypothesis that Parkinson’s disease may have an autoimmune component, highlighting research that connects peripheral immune responses with neurodegeneration. T cells derived from Parkinson’s disease patients appear to have the potential to initiate an autoimmune response against α-synuclein and its modified peptides, possibly leading to the formation of neo-epitopes. Recent evidence associates Parkinson’s disease with abnormal immune responses, as indicated by increased levels of immune cells, such as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, observed in both patients and mouse models. The convergence of T cells filtration increasing major histocompatibility complex molecules, and the susceptibility of dopaminergic neurons supports the hypothesis that Parkinson’s disease may exhibit autoimmune characteristics. Understanding the immune mechanisms involved in Parkinson’s disease will be crucial for developing therapeutic strategies that target the autoimmune aspects of the disease. Novel approaches, including precision medicine based on major histocompatibility complex/human leukocyte antigen typing and early biomarker identification, could pave the way for immune-based treatments aimed at slowing or halting disease progression. This perspective explores the relationship between autoimmunity and Parkinson’s disease, suggesting that further research could deepen understanding and offer new therapeutic avenues. In this paper, it is organized to provide a comprehensive perspective on the autoimmune aspects of Parkinson’s disease. It investigates critical areas such as the autoimmune response observed in Parkinson’s disease patients and the role of autoimmune mechanisms targeting α-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease. The paper also examines the impact of CD4+ T cells, specifically Th1 and Th17, on neurons through in-vitro and ex-vivo studies. Additionally, it explores how α-synuclein influences glia-induced neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease. The discussion extends to the clinical implications and therapeutic landscape, offering insights into potential treatments. Consequently, we aim to provide a comprehensive perspective on the autoimmune aspects of Parkinson’s disease, incorporating both supportive and opposing views on its classification as an autoimmune disorder and exploring implications for clinical applications.
Cutaneous Histoplasmosis Successfully Treated with Oral Itraconazole Monotherapy in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Female
Authors: Ambade Girish , Madke Bhushan , Pande Sushil
Published: December 2024

Histoplasmosis is a deep fungal infection with a worldwide distribution that can affect both immunocompromised and immunocompetant individuals. The majority of cases with cutaneous involvement also have systemic disease. Intravenous amphotericin is commonly employed for its treatment which is associated with significant side effects. We hereby report a of case cutaneous histoplasmosis in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive female who was treated successfully with oral itraconazole monotherapy along with anti-retroviral therapy. A 38-year-old HIV-positive female presented with multiple asymptomatic skin colored umbilicated papular eruptions over face, neck, trunk, and upper extremities of two and half months duration. She did not have any systemic complaints. Histopathology of the lesion showed a diffuse dermal granulomatous inflammation with 2–4 µ sized round organisms in macrophages with a clear halo suggestive of histoplasmosis. Her CD4 cell count was 38 cells/mm3. She was started on highly active antiretroviral therapy (tenofovir 300 mg OD, lamivudine 300 mg OD, and nevirapine 200 mg BID) along with cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. The patient was also prescribed oral itraconazole 100 mg twice daily. After 20 weeks of therapy, the patient showed complete resolution of lesions with minimal scarring. Histoplasmosis in retrovirus positive patient is frequently treated with intravenous amphotericin. Our patient responded to long-term itraconazole monotherapy.