bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Гострі тромбоемболічні ускладнення у пацієнтів з хірургічною патологією органів черевної порожнини
Authors: Bereznytskyi Ya. S. , Verkholaz I. L. , Yaroshenko K. O. , Malynovskyi S. L.
Published: February 2017

Частота виникнення гострих тромбоемболічних ускладнень (ГТЕУ) щорічно збільшується та складає понад 100 випадків на 100 000 населення. В останні роки ГТЕУ стали займати провідне місце серед післяопераційних за рахунок впровадження нових хірургічних технологій, удосконалення техніки операційних втручань, високого рівня сучасної анестезіології та інтенсивної терапії, які привели до зниження операційної летальності та зменшення виникнення специфічних післяопераційних ускладнень. Незважаючи на різноманіття запропонованих схем щодо призначення антикоагулянтів із метою профілактики виникнення ГТЕУ, кількість виникнення останніх викликає необхідність більш детального вивчення факторів ризику ГТЕУ та удосконалення існуючих схем профілактики й лікування цієї патології. Проведено статистичний ретроспективний аналіз результатів лікування пацієнтів із гострою хірургічною патологією органів черевної порожнини, які перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні в КЗ “ШМКЛ” ДОР” у 2013–2015 рр. За результатами аналізу медичної документації: загальна кількість пацієнтів із ГТЕУ (ТЕЛА) – 72 (0,43 %), кількість пацієнтів, яким діагноз було встановлено під час лікування, – 34 (47,2 %), під час патологоанатомічної експертизи – 38 (52,8 %); у 51 пацієнта ТЕЛА виявилась безпосередньою причиною смерті, 21 пацієнта вилікувано консервативними методами у відділенні інтенсивної терапії. У пацієнтів із невідкладною хірургічною патологією, особливо з онкологічною патологією, необхідно визначати фактори ризику розвитку ГТЕУ, призначати профілактику або лікування останніх відповідно до затверджених стандартів (протоколів) надання медичної допомоги.
Аналіз виживаності хворих на рак шлунка після радикальних операцій
Authors: Mashukov A. A. , Lukyanchuk O. V. , Dubinina V. G. , Bilenko A. A. , Lurin A. G. , Zgura A. N. , Ratzyborskiy D. V. , Maksimovskyi V. E. , Osadchiy D. N. , Merlich S. V. , Shilin I. V. , Li S. N.
Published: February 2017

Розглянуто виживаність хворих з місцево-розповсюдженими стадіями раку шлунка (РЖ), яким були виконані різні варіанти лімфатичних діссекцію. Порівнювалася виживаність хворих в залежності від категорій T і N (TNM-7). На підставі критерію р виділені групи, де лімфодіссекціі D2 були ефективні і збільшували кумулятивну виживаність хворих: T4aN0М0 ІІВ, T4aN1М0 ІІІА, і групи хворих, де D2 лімфодіссекціі були неефективні - T4bN0М0 ІІІB, T4bN1М0 ІІІB і T4aN2Мo ІІІB стадії. D2 операції ефективніше D1 операцій при проростанні пухлиною серози (SE) до порожнини очеревини, а при проростанні пухлини в навколишні органи (SI) і / або наявності множинних регіонарних
Застосування біогерметика “Сульфакрилат” при виконанні лапароскопічних операцій з приводу перфорації виразки дванадцятипалої кишки
Authors: Savoliuk S. I. , Shepetko-Dombrovskyi O. H. , Shepetko-Dombrovskyi H. M.
Published: February 2017

У роботі викладено результати лікування 32 пацієнтів із перфоративною виразкою дванадцятипалої кишки із використанням малоінвазивних відеоендоскопічних технологій. Лапароскопічне зашивання перфорації виразки ДПК проведено у 28 (87,5 %) пацієнтів, у 4 (12,5 %) було виконано лапароскопічне висічення виразки та сегментарну дуоденопластику. У 19 (59,4 %) пацієнтів використано клейову композицію “Сульфакрилат” з метою додаткової герметизації лінії швів. Впроваджені методики дають можливість зменшити кількість ускладнень в післяопераційному періоді.
Association of Serum HMGB2 Levels With In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: He Yu Hu , Wang Xiao Qun , Zhang Jian , Liu Zhu Hui , Pan Wen Qi , Shen Ying , Zhu Zheng Bin , Wang Ling Jie , Yan Xiao Xiang , Yang Ke , Zhang Rui Yan , Shen Wei Feng , Ding Feng Hua , Lu Lin
Published: February 2017

Objective—

In a previous study, we established diabetic and nondiabetic minipig models with coronary artery in-stent restenosis (ISR). Mass spectrometry showed that high-mobility group box (HMGB) 2 level was higher in ISR than in non-ISR tissue from diabetic minipigs. We here investigated whether serum HMGB2 levels were related to ISR in coronary artery disease patients. The effect of HMGB2 was evaluated in mice with femoral artery wire injury and in human aortic smooth muscle cells.

Approach and Results—

From 2513 patients undergoing coronary artery intervention and follow-up angiography at ≈1 year, 262 patients were diagnosed with ISR, and 298 patients with no ISR were randomly included as controls. Serum HMGB2 levels were significantly higher in patients with ISR than in those without ISR and were associated with ISR severity. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that HMGB2 level was independently associated with ISR. In experiments, HMGB2 expression was increased in vascular tissue after injury. Perivascular HMGB2 administration promoted injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia in C57Bl/6 mice compared with in the control, whereas such pathophysiological features were attenuated in
Hmgb2
–/–
mice. Mechanistically, HMGB2 enhanced neointimal hyperplasia in mice and proliferation and migration in human aortic smooth muscle cells by inducing reactive oxygen species through increased p47phox phosphorylation. Knocking down p47phox, however, inhibited HMGB2-induced effects in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Finally, HMGB2-induced effects were significantly declined in receptor of advanced glycation end products knockdown or deficient cells, but not in Toll-like receptor 4 knockdown or deficient cells.

Conclusions—

Serum HMGB2 levels were associated with ISR in patients. HMGB2 promoted neointimal hyperplasia in mice with arterial wire injury through reactive oxygen species activation.
AUP1 (Ancient Ubiquitous Protein 1) Is a Key Determinant of Hepatic Very-Low–Density Lipoprotein Assembly and Secretion
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zamani Mostafa , Thiele Christoph , Taher Jennifer , Amir Alipour Mohsen , Yao Zemin , Adeli Khosrow
Published: February 2017

Objective—

AUP1 (ancient ubiquitous protein 1) is an endoplasmic reticulum–associated protein that also localizes to the surface of lipid droplets (LDs), with dual role in protein quality control and LD regulation. Here, we investigated the role of AUP1 in hepatic lipid mobilization and demonstrate critical roles in intracellular biogenesis of apoB100 (apolipoprotein B-100), LD mobilization, and very-low–density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly and secretion.

Approach and Results—

siRNA (short/small interfering RNA) knockdown of AUP1 significantly increased secretion of VLDL-sized apoB100-containing particles from HepG2 cells, correcting a key metabolic defect in these cells that normally do not secrete much VLDL. Secreted particles contained higher levels of metabolically labeled triglyceride, and AUP1-deficient cells displayed a larger average size of LDs, suggesting a role for AUP1 in lipid mobilization. Importantly, AUP1 was also found to directly interact with apoB100, and this interaction was enhanced with proteasomal inhibition. Knockdown of AUP1 reduced apoB100 ubiquitination, decreased intracellular degradation of newly synthesized apoB100, and enhanced extracellular apoB100 secretion. Interestingly, the stimulatory effect of AUP1 knockdown on VLDL assembly was reminiscent of the effect previously observed after MEK–ERK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase–extracellular signal-regulated kinase) inhibition; however, further studies indicated that the AUP1 effect was independent of MEK–ERK signaling.

Conclusions—

In summary, our findings reveal an important role for AUP1 as a regulator of apoB100 stability, hepatic LD metabolism, and intracellular lipidation of VLDL particles. AUP1 may be a crucial factor in apoB100 quality control, determining the rate at which apoB100 is degraded or lipidated to enable VLDL particle assembly and secretion.
Left Atrial Size and Function in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients and Risk of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Debonnaire Philippe , Joyce Emer , Hiemstra Yasmine , Mertens Bart J. , Atsma Douwe E. , Schalij Martin J. , Bax Jeroen J. , Delgado Victoria , Marsan Nina Ajmone
Published: February 2017

Background—

The value of left atrial (LA) diameter, volume, and strain to risk stratify hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients for new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) was explored.

Methods and Results—

A total of 242 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients without AF history were evaluated by (speckle-tracking) echocardiography. During mean follow-up of 4.8±3.7 years, 41 patients (17%) developed new-onset AF. Multivariable analysis showed LA volume (≥37 mL/m
2
; hazard ratio, 2.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.30–5.54;
P
=0.008) and LA strain (≤23.4%; hazard ratio, 3.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.50–6.88;
P
=0.003), but not LA diameter (≥45 mm; hazard ratio, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.84–3.32;
P
=0.145), as independent AF correlates. Importantly, 59% (n=24) of AF events occurred despite a baseline LA diameter <45 mm, observed in 185 patients. In this patient subset, LA strain (area under the curve 0.73) and LA volume (area under the curve 0.83) showed good predictive value for new-onset AF. Furthermore, patients with LA volume <37 versus ≥37 mL/m
2
and LA strain >23.4% versus ≤23.4% had superior 5-year AF-free survival of 93% versus 80% (
P
=0.003) and 98% versus 74% (
P
=0.002), respectively. Importantly, LA volume <37 mL/m
2
and strain >23.4% yielded high negative predictive value (93% and 98%, respectively) for new-onset AF. Likelihood ratio test indicated incremental value of LA volume assessment (
P
=0.011) on top of LA diameter to predict new-onset AF in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with LA diameter <45 mm, which tended to increase further by addition of LA strain (
P
=0.126).

Conclusions—

LA diameter, volume, and strain all relate to new-onset AF in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients. In patients with normal LA size, however, both LA volume and strain further refine risk stratification for new-onset AF.
Endothelial Dysfunction in Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is Associated With Elevated Lipoprotein‐Associated Phospholipase A2 Plasma Activity Levels
Authors: Kheirandish‐Gozal Leila , Philby Mona F. , Qiao Zhuanghong , Khalyfa Abdelnaby , Gozal David
Published: February 2017

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (
OSA
) is a highly prevalent condition, especially in obese children, and has been associated with increased risk for endothelial dysfunction and dislipidemia, which are precursors of atherosclerosis. Lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐
PLA
2) is recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular risk and atheromatous plaque activity. We hypothesized that Lp‐
PLA
2 levels would be elevated in children with
OSA
, particularly among obese children who also manifest evidence of endothelial dysfunction.

Methods and Results

One hundred sixty children (mean age 7.1±2.3 years), either nonobese with (n=40) and without
OSA
(n=40) or obese with (n=40) and without
OSA
(n=40) underwent overnight polysomnographic and postocclusive reperfusion evaluation and a fasting blood draw the morning after the sleep study. In addition to lipid profile, Lp‐
PLA
2 plasma activity was assessed using a commercial kit. Obese children and
OSA
children had significantly elevated plasma Lp‐
PLA
2 activity levels compared to controls. Furthermore, when both obesity and
OSA
were concurrently present or when endothelial function was present, Lp‐
PLA
2 activity was higher. Treatment of
OSA
by adenotonsillectomy resulted in reductions of Lp‐
PLA
2 activity (n=37;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Lp‐
PLA
2 plasma activity is increased in pediatric
OSA
and obesity, particularly when endothelial dysfunction is present, and exhibits decreases on
OSA
treatment. The short‐term and long‐term significance of these findings in relation to cardiovascular risk remain undefined.
Migrating from Pakistan to Greece: Re-visiting Agency in Times of Crisis
Authors: Maroufof Michaela , Kouki Hara
Published: February 2017

This paper focuses on migration from Pakistan to Greece in an attempt to uncover the dynamics of the regulation of irregular migration (and asylum-seeking) in Greece. It examines the factors, policies, and actors that influence the plans, actions, and decisions Pakistanis make before leaving their country and when arriving in Greece. After setting the background against which Pakistanis enter and settle in the country, we trace these migrants’ decision-making process throughout their movement based on a series of qualitative interviews. While a variety of actors and factors are at play in the way people move from the one country to the other, masculinity emerges as the framework within which these come together.
A new species of Jacaranda (Bignoniaceae) from the Chapada Diamantina (Bahia, Brazil)
Authors: SILVA-CASTRO MILENE MARIA DA
Published: February 2017

Jacaranda heterophylla M.M.Silva-Castro, a new species of Jacaranda, is described and illustrated. This species is only known from a restricted area of Caatinga located between Lençóis and Palmeiras, at the Chapada Diamantina (Bahia, Brazil). It resembles J. grandifoliolata by the elliptic to obovate leaflets and J. jasminoides by the leaves that are pinnate at the base and bipinnate at the apex. However, J. heterophylla differs from J. grandifoliolata by the higher number of leaflets (17–19 vs. 3–5) and from J. jasminoides by the longer leaflets (6–15 cm vs. 1–4 cm). Information on its conservation status, distribution, and phenology are provided.
Notes on the genus Gypsophila (Caryophyllaceae) in Turkey, with a description of G. guvengorkii sp. nov.
Authors: ARMAĞAN METİN , ÖZGÖKÇE FEVZİ , ÇELİK ALİ
Published: February 2017

Gypsophila guvengorkii (Caryophyllaceae) is described as a new species from Karabük province, Turkey. Morphology, distribution in Turkey, notes on ecology, and the conservation status are provided, as well as a comparison with the similar species G. brachypetala, G. briquetiana, and G. davisii. Additionally, an emended description of G. brachypetala is given. G. patrinii is excluded from the Flora of Turkey since the specimens collected from Doğubayazıt, which were previously identified as G. patrinii, actually refer to G. transcaucasica, which represents a new record for Turkey.
Basilia quadrosae sp. nov. (Diptera: Nycteribiidae), member of the ferruginea group, from Southern Brazil
Authors: GRACIOLLI GUSTAVO , MOURA MAURÍCIO O.
Published: February 2017

Basilia quadrosae sp. nov., belonging to the ferruginea group, is described from Southern Brazil. Characters justifying the new species include the lateral connexivum of the female abdomen with long pustulate setae and female genital plate divided into three sclerites. Host associations of the new species and a closely related species, Basilia ortizi Machado-Allison, are discussed.
A new species of Schwenckfeldina (Diptera: Sciaridae) from Japan
Authors: SUTOU MITSUAKI
Published: February 2017

Schwenckfeldina lobocoxa sp. n. is described and illustrated, and represents the first record of this primitive genus of sciarid flies from Japan. The morphology of this new species is compared with that of related congeners from the Holarctic Region.
Some new synonyms in Aphididae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha)
Authors: EASTOP VICTOR. F. , BLACKMAN ROGER L.
Published: February 2017

A total of 14 genus and 108 species synonyms in family Aphididae are listed with explanations and comments. Synonyms involving aphid names in the economic literature include: Acyrthosiphon bidentis Eastop 1953 = Acyrthosiphon ilka Mordvilko 1914; Aphidura mingens Pintera 1970 = Aphidura picta Hille Ris Lambers 1956; Aphis armoraciae Cowan 1895, Aphis maidiradicis Forbes 1891 and Aphis menthaeradicis Cowan 1895 = Aphis (Protaphis) middletonii Thomas 1879; Diuraphis (Holcaphis) agropyronophaga Zhang, 1991 = Diuraphis (Holcaphis) tritici (Gillette, 1911); Sitobion chanikiwiti (Eastop 1959) and Sitobion howlandae (Eastop 1959) = Sitobion leelamaniae (David 1958). An annotated list of 36 other proposed nomenclatural changes is provided.
Effects of Midlevel Dry Air on Development of the Axisymmetric Tropical Cyclone Secondary Circulation
Authors: Alland Joshua J. , Tang Brian H. , Corbosiero Kristen L.
Published: February 2017

Idealized experiments conducted with an axisymmetric tropical cyclone (TC) model are used to assess the effects of midlevel dry air on the axisymmetric TC secondary circulation. Moist entropy diagnostics of convective parcels are used to determine how midlevel dry air affects the distribution and strength of convection. Analyzing upward and downward motions in the Eulerian radius–height coordinate system shows that the moistest simulation has stronger vertical motions and a wider overturning circulation compared to drier simulations. A Lagrangian entropy framework further analyzes convective motions by separating upward higher-entropy streams from downward lower-entropy streams. Results show that the driest simulation has a weaker mean overturning circulation with updrafts characterized by lower mean entropy compared to moister simulations. Turbulent entrainment of dry air into deep convection at midlevels is small, suggesting that the influence of midlevel dry air on convective strength and the structure of the secondary circulation are through modification of the inflow layer. Backward trajectories show low-entropy air subsiding into the subcloud layer from low to midlevels of the atmosphere between radii of 200 and 400 km. Surface fluxes increase the entropy of these parcels before they rise in convective updrafts, but the increased recovery time, combined with descending motion closer to the inner core, decreases the width of the TC secondary circulation in the driest simulation.
Change in Destructiveness of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones over China in Recent Decades
Authors: Li Richard C. Y. , Zhou Wen , Shun C. M. , Lee Tsz Cheung
Published: February 2017

This study investigates changes in the destructiveness of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) over China during 1975–2014. Using four different TC datasets, it is found that TCs making landfall over east China (TCEC) have tended to be more destructive in recent decades, with a significant increase in the power dissipation index (PDI) after landfall. Both time series analysis and diagnostic analysis reveal that such an increase in the PDI of TCECis associated with concomitant enhancement in landfall frequency as well as landfall intensity over east China. In contrast, changes in the PDI of TCs making landfall over south China (TCSC) are less apparent. Examination of different TC-related parameters shows no obvious changes in terms of landfall frequency, duration, and maximum intensity of TCSC.Diagnostic analysis further suggests that the reduction in TC occurrence over south China offsets considerably the positive effects of the intensity and the nonlinear term.

Further examination of the environmental parameters reveals significant changes in the large-scale steering flow in recent decades, which is characterized by a prominent cyclonic circulation centered over southeast China. The southeasterly flows on the eastern flank of the cyclonic circulation tend to favor subsequent landfall of TCs over east China, resulting in an increase in landfall frequency, which contributes in part to the enhanced PDI of TCs over this region. Meanwhile, the slowing down of the mean translation speed of TCECand the weakening of vertical wind shear coupled with warmer SSTs in the WNP tend to favor the intensification of TCEC, leading to an increase in intensity and hence the PDI of TCs over east China.
The Present-Day Simulation and Twenty-First-Century Projection of the Climatology of Extratropical Transition in the North Atlantic
Authors: Liu Maofeng , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Smith James A. , Murakami Hiroyuki
Published: February 2017

This study explores the simulations and twenty-first-century projections of extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the North Atlantic, with a newly developed global climate model: the Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution (FLOR) version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Coupled Model version 2.5 (CM2.5). FLOR exhibits good skill in simulating present-day ET properties (e.g., cyclone phase space parameters). A version of FLOR in which sea surface temperature (SST) biases are artificially corrected through flux-adjustment (FLOR-FA) shows much improved simulation of ET activity (e.g., annual ET number). This result is largely attributable to better simulation of basinwide TC activity, which is strongly dependent on larger-scale climate simulation. FLOR-FA is also used to explore changes of ET activity in the twenty-first century under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario. A contrasting pattern is found in which regional TC density increases in the eastern North Atlantic and decreases in the western North Atlantic, probably due to changes in the TC genesis location. The increasing TC frequency in the eastern Atlantic is dominated by increased ET cases. The increased density of TCs undergoing ET in the eastern subtropics of the Atlantic shows two propagation paths: one moves northwest toward the northeast coast of the United States and the other moves northeast toward western Europe, implying increased TC-related risks in these regions. A more TC-favorable future climate, evident in the projected changes of SST and vertical wind shear, is hypothesized to favor the increased ET occurrence in the eastern North Atlantic.
The Phenomenon of Trump’s Popularity in Russia: Media Analysis Perspective
Authors: Slutsky Pavel , Gavra Dmitrii
Published: February 2017

Russia is the only country in the G20 group of nations where Donald Trump is the preferred choice for the next President of the United States. This article examines a hypothesis that Trump owes his popularity in Russia to the way Russian media frames his image. The media content was analyzed by quantitative parameters and then, these parameters were further complimented with a discourse analysis which, in addition to examining the texts themselves, also appeals to the reality beyond the texts, including social and political circumstances that surround the issue. The results demonstrate that the discourse about Trump in the Russian media possesses all the necessary typological characteristics of propaganda. Russian official media actively supports Donald Trump and deliberately creates favorable opinion of him.
Freud, The Birthing Body, and Modern Life
Authors: Balsam Rosemary H.
Published: February 2017

Freud early on had an astute sense of the psychic impact of the bodily power of females’ biological sex and childbearing potential. His early appreciation of the biological femaleness of a body, however, became gradually obscured after 1908, distorted by an exaggerated male view that was challenged in the 1920s and 1930s but then became fixed in stone by his followers. This strange but hegemonic view was once again challenged, especially in the U.S., in the 1970s. In spite of sporadic efforts after that, however, the impact of the female body qua female, in analysis and for the mind’s functioning, has never been acknowledged in general in psychoanalytic thought (except as marked as an infantile archaic fantasy or sequestered into a special adult “women’s issues” category). Given the vibrant culture of enacted gender multiplicities that we encounter clinically today, where does this confused lag in understanding leave us regarding psychoanalytic ideas about natally sexed procreative female (or male) bodies as they articulate with gender?
Online Information-Seeking Behaviors of Parents of Children With ADHD
Authors: Sage Adam , Carpenter Delesha , Sayner Robyn , Thomas Kathleen , Mann Larry , Sulzer Sandy , Sandler Adrian , Sleath Betsy
Published: February 2017

This article describes ( a) parent questions about ADHD (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder), ( b) parent Internet use to seek ADHD information, and ( c) associations between type of Internet access and ADHD information-seeking. Seventy parents of children (ages 7-17 years) with ADHD completed questionnaires after their child’s visit with their pediatrician. Bivariate relationships were assessed using chi-square statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, or t tests. Parents identified an average of 8.9 questions about ADHD for their child’s provider. Common questions were related to medication and long-term implications of ADHD. A majority of parents searched the Internet for general ADHD information (87%) and ADHD medication information (81%). White parents accessed the Internet significantly more via home computer, mobile phone, and tablet, and significantly less via public library than non-White parents. Parents who accessed the Internet via home computers and tablets were more likely to search the Internet for ADHD medication information than parents who did not.
The Promise and Challenge (and Reality) of Defining Therapist Expertise
Authors: Reese Robert J.
Published: February 2017

This article is a commentary on Hill, Spiegel, Hoffman, Kivlighan, and Gelso’s interesting and thought-provoking article focused on defining psychotherapy expertise. I address Hill et al.’s inclusion of other criteria to evaluate expertise that counters Tracey, Wampold, Goodyear, and Lichtenberg’s conclusion that treatment outcome is the only criterion supported by the research to determine expertise. I also address Hill et al.’s discussion on the development of expertise with a focus on monitoring treatment outcome to promote therapist improvement. In sum, Hill et al. provide a way forward for psychotherapy researchers to address proposed dimensions of expertise that currently are based more on our clinical wisdom than empirical evidence and, in doing so, offer the promise of better understanding what makes an excellent psychotherapist.
Reflections on the Power to Define Psychotherapy Expertise
Authors: O’Shaughnessy Tiffany , Du Yi , Davis Claytie
Published: February 2017

The field of psychology has struggled to define what it is that makes an expert therapist expert. Just as elusive has been the ability to know and articulate how one achieves expertise as a therapist. In their major contribution, Hill, Spiegel, Hoffman, Kivlighan, and Gelso identify a number of constructs that researchers interested in assessing expertise can consider and evaluate. In this reaction to their article, we share where we are in agreement with the authors and where our thoughts diverge. We conclude with what we deem to be missing from this discussion regarding therapist expertise—power and privilege as it relates to who decides what makes an expert.
Surveillance or Self-Surveillance? Behavioral Cues Can Increase the Rate of Drivers’ Pro-Environmental Behavior at a Long Wait Stop
Authors: Meleady Rose , Abrams Dominic , Van de Vyver Julie , Hopthrow Tim , Mahmood Lynsey , Player Abigail , Lamont Ruth , Leite Ana C.
Published: February 2017

By leaving their engines idling for long periods, drivers contribute unnecessarily to air pollution, waste fuel, and produce noise and fumes that harm the environment. Railway level crossings are sites where many cars idle, many times a day. In this research, testing two psychological theories of influence, we examine the potential to encourage drivers to switch off their ignition while waiting at rail crossings. Two field studies presented different signs at a busy rail crossing site with a 2-min average wait. Inducing public self-focus (via a “Watching Eyes” stimulus) was not effective, even when accompanied by a written behavioral instruction. Instead, cueing a private-self focus (“think of yourself”) was more effective, doubling the level of behavioral compliance. These findings confirm the need to engage the self when trying to instigate self-regulatory action, but that cues evoking self-surveillance may sometimes be more effective than cues that imply external surveillance.
Driving While Interacting With Google Glass: Investigating the Combined Effect of Head-Up Display and Hands-Free Input on Driving Safety and Multitask Performance
Authors: Tippey Kathryn G. , Sivaraj Elayaraj , Ferris Thomas K.
Published: February 2017

Objective:

This study evaluated the individual and combined effects of voice (vs. manual) input and head-up (vs. head-down) display in a driving and device interaction task.

Background:

Advances in wearable technology offer new possibilities for in-vehicle interaction but also present new challenges for managing driver attention and regulating device usage in vehicles. This research investigated how driving performance is affected by interface characteristics of devices used for concurrent secondary tasks. A positive impact on driving performance was expected when devices included voice-to-text functionality (reducing demand for visual and manual resources) and a head-up display (HUD) (supporting greater visibility of the driving environment).

Method:

Driver behavior and performance was compared in a texting-while-driving task set during a driving simulation. The texting task was completed with and without voice-to-text using a smartphone and with voice-to-text using Google Glass’s HUD.

Results:

Driving task performance degraded with the addition of the secondary texting task. However, voice-to-text input supported relatively better performance in both driving and texting tasks compared to using manual entry. HUD functionality further improved driving performance compared to conditions using a smartphone and often was not significantly worse than performance without the texting task.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that despite the performance costs of texting-while-driving, voice input methods improve performance over manual entry, and head-up displays may further extend those performance benefits.

Application:

This study can inform designers and potential users of wearable technologies as well as policymakers tasked with regulating the use of these technologies while driving.
Work-related change in residential elderly care: Trust, space and connectedness
Authors: van der Borg Wieke E , Verdonk Petra , Dauwerse Linda , Abma Tineke A
Published: February 2017

Increasing care needs and a declining workforce put pressure on the quality and continuity of long-term elderly care. The need to attract and retain a solid workforce is increasingly acknowledged. This study reports about a change initiative that aimed to improve the quality of care and working life in residential elderly care. The research focus is on understanding the process of workforce change and development, by retrospectively exploring the experiences of care professionals. A responsive evaluation was conducted at a nursing home department in the Netherlands one year after participating in the change program. Data were gathered by participant observations, interviews and a focus and dialogue group. A thematic analysis was conducted. Care professionals reported changes in workplace climate and interpersonal interactions. We identified trust, space and connectedness as important concepts to understand perceived change. Findings suggest that the interplay between trust and space fostered interpersonal connectedness. Connectedness improved the quality of relationships, contributing to the well-being of the workforce. We consider the nature and contradictions within the process of change, and discuss how gained insights help to improve quality of working life in residential elderly care and how this may reflect in the quality of care provision.
Evaluation of three unit cell models in predicting the mechanical behaviour of 3D four-directional braided composites
Authors: Wang Rongqiao , Zhang Long , Hu Dianyin , Cho Chongdu
Published: February 2017

This paper compares three types of the unit cell models in their capability to predict the mechanical behaviour involving macroscopic material properties and mesoscopic stress distribution for the 3D four-directional braided composites. The unit cell model is periodically meshed in Hypermesh 11.0 and finite element analysis is performed under six kinds of monotonic loading cases by employing ABAQUS/Standard 13.0. Then the effective material properties of the braided composites are obtained in the framework of mean field homogenization. The influences of the yarn cross-section shape and curvature on the macroscopic material property and mesoscopic stress distribution are discussed. This paper lays the ground for choosing the yarn cross-section shape and trajectory in the established unit cell model for the 3D four-directional braided composites.
Can Microfinance Promote Livelihoods and Reduce Vulnerability Among Adivasis? A Study of Some NGO Interventions from Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
Authors: Rajasekhar D. , Manjula R. , Suchitra J.Y.
Published: February 2017

To what extent have NGO microfinance programmes for adivasi households promoted livelihoods and reduced poverty and vulnerability among them? This question is analysed with the help of primary data collected from Karnataka and Tamil Nadu states. Although adivasi households have joined microfinance groups, made small savings and availed credit facility, microfinance activities have not significantly improved livelihoods and reduced vulnerability. In the absence of savings products to meet expenses on housing and marriage, and access to formal social security services such as health insurance, adivasis are forced to borrow from informal sources. This places them into inextricable debt traps, undoing whatever positive impact that microfinance programmes may have. To avoid such a situation, meaningful savings products and access to social security are needed.
Using the Dead to Teach the Living
Authors: Boccio Dana E. , Macari Andrea M.
Published: February 2017

The American Psychologist did not regularly publish the obituaries of prominent psychologists until 1979. The objective of the obituary section was not to canonize the deceased, but rather to respond to the field’s budding interest in the history of psychology. This article argues that the obituary, when viewed as a historical document, offers great pedagogical value in the psychology classroom. With distinct advantages over traditional instructional approaches, the obituaries of preeminent psychologists (1) include anecdotes that are often not covered in typical psychology textbooks, (2) present biographical information that has the potential to increase personal relevance to students and capitalize on the self-reference effect, and (3) reflect the zeitgeist of the field. Specific recommendations for how to incorporate obituaries into the psychology curriculum are suggested.
The Ottawa panel clinical practice guidelines for the management of knee osteoarthritis. Part three: aerobic exercise programs
Authors: Brosseau Lucie , Taki Jade , Desjardins Brigit , Thevenot Odette , Fransen Marlene , Wells George A , Mizusaki Imoto Aline , Toupin-April Karine , Westby Marie , Álvarez Gallardo Inmaculada C , Gifford Wendy , Laferrière Lucie , Rahman Prinon , Loew Laurianne , De Angelis Gino , Cavallo Sabrina , Shallwani Shirin Mehdi , Aburub Ala’ , Bennell Kim L , Van der Esch Martin , Simic Milena , McConnell Sara , Harmer Alison , Kenny Glen P , Paterson Gail , Regnaux Jean-Philippe , Lefevre-Colau Marie-Martine , McLean Linda
Published: February 2017

Objectives:

To identify effective aerobic exercise programs and provide clinicians and patients with updated, high-quality recommendations concerning traditional land-based exercises for knee osteoarthritis.

Methods:

A systematic search and adapted selection criteria included comparative controlled trials with strengthening exercise programs for patients with knee osteoarthritis. A panel of experts reached consensus on the recommendations using a Delphi survey. A hierarchical alphabetical grading system (A, B, C+, C, D, D+, or D-) was used, based on statistical significance ( P < 0.5) and clinical importance (⩾15% improvement).

Results:

The five high-quality studies included demonstrated that various aerobic training exercises are generally effective for improving knee osteoarthritis within a 12-week period. An aerobic exercise program demonstrated significant improvement for pain relief (Grade B), physical function (Grade B) and quality of life (Grade C+). Aerobic exercise in combination with strengthening exercises showed significant improvement for pain relief (3 Grade A) and physical function (2 Grade A, 2 Grade B).

Conclusion:

A short-term aerobic exercise program with/without muscle strengthening exercises is promising for reducing pain, improving physical function and quality of life for individuals with knee osteoarthritis.
Tips from Former Smokers
Authors: Skubisz Christine , Miller Alice , Hinsberg Liis , Kaur Simran , Miller Gregory A.
Published: February 2017

Years of research on message design and effects provides insight regarding the most persuasive message appeals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the content of the messages being presented in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Tips from Former Smokers campaign. A content analysis of persuasive message design features was conducted to critically examine campaign content. Campaign materials were coded for the presence of message variables including emotional appeals, evidence presentation, message framing, attitude functions, and source characteristics. Four independent coders analyzed 122 campaign messages, including video, print, and social media posts. Results from this content analysis indicate that the campaign contained more fear and guilt appeals, than other emotions. Evidence was typically presented in the form of a narrative from sources with firsthand experience. Suggestions for persuasive message design in large-scale public health communication campaigns are discussed.
Hegemonic Solidarity? NGO Perceptions on Power, Solidarity, and Cooperation with Their Donors
Authors: Paragi Beata
Published: February 2017

The aim of this article is to understand how power, hegemony, and solidarity are related within the context of foreign aid from the perspective of recipient civil society organizations. By applying qualitative methods and the analytical framework of foreign aid understood as gift, the study explores how these factors are perceived, described, and explained by Palestinian nongovernmental organization leaders. The findings prove that even the “perpetual” recipient can exert certain nonmaterial power over the donor. In the Palestinian case, it is the weakness itself—the combination of helplessness and injustice—which can be understood as “power” even if not as “power over” the donor but at least “power to” secure foreign aid.
Advancing the geographies of the performing arts
Authors: Rogers Amanda
Published: February 2017

Performance has become an analytical lens for examining a range of geographical phenomena. However, research specifically on the geographies of the performing arts has not kept pace with this broader field. Here, I argue for a deeper engagement with the theories and practices of the performing arts, particularly as research on creativity and the geohumanities gathers momentum. The article focuses on three areas where literatures from theatre and performance studies can expand our understanding of what ‘the geographies of the performing arts’ might be: intercultural aesthetics, migrant mobilities, and geopolitics. It examines how these come together in contemporary Cambodian dance.
White Female Bystanders’ Responses to a Black Woman at Risk for Incapacitated Sexual Assault
Authors: Katz Jennifer , Merrilees Christine , Hoxmeier Jill C. , Motisi Marisa
Published: February 2017

We investigated White female college students’ responses to risk for an incapacitated sexual assault involving a Black potential victim. Participants ( N = 160) read about attending a party where they saw a man lead an intoxicated woman into a private bedroom. The potential victim was referred to as having either a distinctively Black name (e.g., LaToya) or a non-distinct control name (e.g., Laura). After random assignment to one of these two conditions, participants reported on their intent to intervene and their perceptions of the situation and the potential victim. As expected, participants assigned to the Black potential victim condition reported less intent to intervene, less personal responsibility to intervene, and greater perceived victim pleasure than participants assigned to the control condition. Neither the certainty of risk nor the perceived victim blame differed as a function of the potential victim’s race. In path analyses, personal responsibility to intervene mediated the relationship between victim race and intent to intervene. The current results suggest that White women in college may choose not to help Black women at risk for sexual assault. Bystander education programs should explicitly address race as a potential barrier to helping others in need.
Elevated Knee Joint Kinetics and Reduced Ankle Kinetics Are Present During Jogging and Hopping After Achilles Tendon Ruptures
Authors: Willy Richard W. , Brorsson Annelie , Powell Hayley C. , Willson John D. , Tranberg Roy , Grävare Silbernagel Karin
Published: February 2017

Background:

Deficits in plantarflexor function are common after an Achilles tendon rupture. These deficits may result in an altered distribution of joint loads during lower extremity tasks.

Hypothesis:

We hypothesized that, regardless of treatment, the Achilles tendon–ruptured limb would exhibit deficits in ankle kinematics and joint power while exhibiting elevated knee joint power and patellofemoral joint loads during walking, jogging, and hopping. We further hypothesized that this loading pattern would be most evident during jogging and hopping.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Thirty-four participants (17 participants treated surgically, 17 treated nonsurgically) were tested at a mean 6.1 ± 2.0 years after an Achilles tendon rupture. Lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were assessed while participants completed walking, jogging, and single-legged hopping trials. Patellofemoral joint stress was calculated via a musculoskeletal model. Data were analyzed via mixed-model repeated analyses of variance (α = .05) and the limb symmetry index (LSI).

Results:

No differences ( P ≥ .05) were found between the surgical and nonsurgical groups. In both groups, large side-to-side deficits in the plantarflexion angle at toeoff (LSI: 53.5%-73.9%) were noted during walking, jogging, and hopping in the involved limb. Side-to-side deficits in the angular velocity were only present during jogging (LSI: 93.5%) and hopping (LSI: 92.5%). This pattern was accompanied by large deficits in eccentric (LSI: 80.8%-94.7%) and concentric (LSI: 82.2%-84.7%) ankle joint powers in the involved limb during all tasks. Interestingly, only jogging and hopping demonstrated greater knee joint loads when compared with the uninvolved limb. Concentric knee power was greater during jogging (LSI: 117.2%) and hopping (LSI: 115.9%) compared with the uninvolved limb. Similarly, peak patellofemoral joint stress was greater in the involved limb during jogging (LSI: 107.5%) and hopping (LSI: 107.1%), while only hopping had a greater loading rate of patellofemoral joint stress (LSI: 110.9%).

Conclusion:

Considerable side-to-side deficits in plantarflexor function were observed during walking, jogging, and hopping in patients after an Achilles tendon rupture. As a possible compensation, increased knee joint loads were present but only during jogging and hopping.

Clinical Relevance:

These data suggest that after an Achilles tendon rupture, patients may be susceptible to greater mechanical loading of the knee during sporting tasks, regardless of surgical or nonsurgical treatment.
Stigma by Prejudice Transfer: Racism Threatens White Women and Sexism Threatens Men of Color
Authors: Sanchez Diana T. , Chaney Kimberly E. , Manuel Sara K. , Wilton Leigh S. , Remedios Jessica D.
Published: February 2017

In the current research, we posited the stigma-by-prejudice-transfer effect, which proposes that stigmatized group members (e.g., White women) are threatened by prejudice that is directed at other stigmatized group members (e.g., African Americans) because they believe that prejudice has monolithic qualities. While most stigma researchers assume that there is a direct correspondence between the attitude of prejudiced individuals and the targets (i.e., sexism affects women, racism affects racial minorities), the five studies reported here demonstrate that White women can be threatened by racism (Study 1, 3, 4, and 5) and men of color by sexism (Study 2). Robust to perceptions of liking and the order in which measures were administered, results showed that prejudice transfers between racism and sexism were driven by the presumed social dominance orientation of the prejudiced individual. In addition, important downstream consequences, such as the increased likelihood of anticipated stigma, expectations of unfair treatment, and the attribution of negative feedback to sexism, appeared for stigmatized individuals.
The coming cooling: Usefully accurate climate forecasting for policy makers
Authors: Page Norman J
Published: February 2017

This paper argues that the methods used by the establishment climate science community are not fit for purpose and that a new forecasting paradigm should be adopted. Earth’s climate is the result of resonances and beats between various quasi-cyclic processes of varying wavelengths. It is not possible to forecast the future, unless we have a good understanding of where the earth is in time in relation to the current phases of those different interacting natural quasi periodicities. Evidence is presented specifying the timing and amplitude of the natural 60 ± year and, more importantly, 1000 year periodicities (observed emergent behaviors) that are so obvious in the temperature record. Data related to the solar climate driver are discussed and the solar cycle 22 low in the neutron count (high solar activity) in 1991 is identified as a solar activity millennial peak and correlated with the millennial peak – inversion point – in the RSS temperature trend in about 2004. The cyclic trends are projected forward and predict a probable general temperature decline in the coming decades and centuries. Estimates of the timing and amplitude of the coming cooling are made. If the real climate outcomes follow a trend which approaches the near term forecasts of this working hypothesis, the divergence between the IPCC forecasts and those projected by this paper will be so large by 2021 as to make the current, supposedly actionable, level of confidence in the IPCC forecasts untenable.
The Semantic Web and Its Entanglements
Authors: Mccarthy Matthew T.
Published: February 2017

The web of linked data, otherwise known as the semantic web, is a system in which information is structured and interlinked to provide meaningful content to artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. As the complex interactions between digital personae and these algorithms mediate access to information, it becomes necessary to understand how these classification and knowledge systems are developed. What are the processes by which those systems come to represent the world, and how are the controversies that arise in their creation, overcome? As a global form, the semantic web is an assemblage of many interlinked classification and knowledge systems, which are themselves assemblages. Through the perspectives of global assemblage theory, critical code studies and practice theory, I analyse netnographic data of one such assemblage. Schema.org is but one component of the larger global assemblage of the semantic web, and as such is an emergent articulation of different knowledges, interests and networks of actors. This articulation comes together to tame the profusion of things, seeking stability in representation, but in the process, it faces and produces more instability. Furthermore, this production of instability contributes to the emergence of new assemblages that have similar aims.