bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Level of IL-6 and IL-8 and their associations with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mykhalchyshyn Galyna , Kobyliak Nazarii , Komisarenko Iuliia , Yerokhovych Victoriia
Published: October 2023

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is indicated by the accumulation of lipids within the hepatocytes exceeding 5% of liver weight without excessive alcohol intake and secondary liver diseases. The efforts of many scientists worldwide are focused on improving the understanding of pathogenic processes and triggers of NAFLD progression, with an emphasis on the simultaneous study of several pathophysiological pathways to identify disorders throughout the disease spectrum. The aim was to examine the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 and its associative relationships with anthropometric parameters and metabolic profiles in patients with T2D, depending on the presence of NAFLD. This cross-sectional study involved 375 patients aged 40–80 with type 2 diabetes. They were divided into 3 groups. The control group included 98 T2D patients without NAFLD. The main group included T2D patients with NAFLD, which was separated into two subgroups depending on the level of transaminases: normal (group 2A, n=150) and increased (group 2B, n=127) transaminases group. In order to identify predictors of rapid progression of liver fibrosis in patients with T2D, a sub-analysis was conducted, which included 82 patients from group 2. We found significant relationships between the level of studied interleukins and the components of the metabolic syndrome. Both IL-6 and Il-8 levels are significantly associated with gender, duration and severity of T2D, BMI, ALT, AST and total bilirubin level in a simple logistic regression analysis. However, step-by-step multiple logistic regression analysis revealed no reliable link between both cytokines and NAFLD development. From the other hand elevated IL-8 and decreased IL-6 had a significant effect on the fibrosis progression in patients with NAFLD associated with T2D. Our study has demonstrated significant links between the level of IL-6 and IL-8 and the components of the metabolic syndrome such as obesity or transaminase activity, but not with NAFLD itself.
Obesity, Dyslipidemia and other Risks Factors for Metabolic Syndrome among Indigenous Black African Secondary School Students in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Afolabi Bamgboye M. , Holdbrooke Susan J.
Published: October 2023

_Introduction:_ Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of risk factors which together increase the chance of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. In MetS, especially among overweight and obese people, blood pressure and blood glucose are elevated, excess body fat accumulates abdominally, and there is dyslipidemia (notably low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and high level of triglycerides). There is scarcity of data available on MetS and dyslipidemia among secondary school children in Lagos, Nigeria.

_Objective: _To determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome among overweight and obese adolescents in secondary schools in Lagos, Nigeria.

_Population and Methods: _An institution-based, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020. A multi-stage sampling approach was used to recruit 624 students aged 10-19 years in secondary schools within Lagos State of Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Fasting venous blood samples were collected for plasma glucose and lipid profile analysis. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured. A p-value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

_Results:_ The overall means (±sd) of age (years), weight (kg), height (m) and BMI were 14.7 (2.2), 47.4 (11.6), 1.6 (0.1) and 19.2 (4.2) respectively with no significant difference relative to gender, except BMI (Kg/m2) which was higher (t-test= -2.24, P-value=0.03) in girls (19.5±4.1) than boys (18.7±4.5). Only 1 (0.4%) of boy and 17 (4.4%) girls had waist circumference ≥94 cm and ≥80cm correspondingly. Approximately 17%, 75%, 5% and 3% of the students were underweight, healthy, overweight, and obese separately. The overall mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 108.2 (12.4) mmHg with about 14%, 4% and 0.5% presenting with pre-hypertension, stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension respectively. Overweight students had the highest SBP of 113.8±12.8 mm Hg while obese subjects had the highest DBP of 79.9±7.5 mm Hg. No obese subject had a low SBP. Approximately 19% and 12% of the study subjects had impaired and diabetic fasting blood glucose (FBG), especially females, those in early-stage adolescence and the overweight subjects. Approximately 71%, 50%, and 86% of the students had high levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein while 25% of them had low level of high-density lipoprotein. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 8.5%, more prevalent among obese subjects (20.0%). Overall, 15%, 44%, 32% and 9% had 0, 1, 2 or ≥3 risk factors for metabolic syndrome.

_Conclusion: _A higher proportion of male, mid-adolescent, and overweight students had a minimum of 3 risk factors for MetS_. _This is likely to impose a high burden on future health. The extent to which the problem might affect other areas of Nigeria needs investigation.
Estudio comparativo entre el entrenamiento excéntrico y el entrenamiento pliométrico sobre la potencia muscular de las extremidades inferiores en basquetbolistas universitarios adultos jóvenes
Authors: Martinez Zavalla Aracely , Hatibovic Saiz Abas
Published: October 2023

El objetivo es determinar qué tipo de entrenamiento —excéntrico o pliométrico— presenta los mejores resultados sobre la potencia muscular de las extremidades inferiores valorado a través del salto y la velocidad en basquetbolistas universitarios adultos jóvenes. Este es un estudio experimental, longitudinal, constituido por una muestra de 24 participantes, los que se dividieron en tres grupos: uno de control (GC), otro de entrenamiento pliométrico (GEP) y, finalmente, otro de entrenamiento excéntrico (GEE). La selección para los integrantes de cada fue al azar, por medio de sorteo simple. Los grupos experimentales participaron de un entrenamiento tres veces por semana, durante veinte minutos, mientras que el grupo de control solo realizó su entrenamiento tradicional de básquetbol. Para la valoración del salto se utilizó la prueba de salto horizontal, mientras que para la velocidad se utilizó la prueba de velocidad de 30 metros. La comparación entre grupos se realizó a través del análisis de la variación (ANOVA) entre los grupos de entrenamiento pliométrico, entrenamiento excéntrico y de control, para las evaluaciones de velocidad de 30 metros los resultados arrojaron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) en el grupo de entrenamiento excéntrico, para la prueba de salto horizontal no fue posible reportar diferencias significativas entre grupos (p > 0,05). A diferencia de la propuesta de entrenamiento pliométrico, la propuesta de intervención excéntrico incrementó en mayor medida la potencia muscular de las extremidades inferiores en los jugadores de básquetbol, lo que se evidenció con disminución del tiempo durante la prueba de velocidad de 30 metros.
Adaptive Management of Ukrainian Retail to Consumer Realities
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Zhovnovach Ruslana , Nidzelsky Viacheslav ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Tarasov Vitaliy ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Viriienko Ihor ,   Priazovsky State Technical University
Published: October 2023

The article addresses the issue of adaptive management of Ukrainian retail to consumer realities in the conditions of a state of war. The state of Ukrainian retail under the challenging circumstances of the Russian-Ukrainian war has been investigated, and the main challenges it has faced include economic instability, loss of trade enterprises, limited financial resources, infrastructure destruction, reduction of product assortment in retail chains, changes in the retail landscape, staff shortage, and shifting consumer priorities. The necessity of making changes in the retail sector's activities, particularly in the formation of a value proposition, which depends on the meaningful content of all elements of the business model, has been justified. It should meet three main criteria: relevance to current consumer demands, elements of innovation (uniqueness), and service orientation. The important role of consumers in shaping the trajectory of the retail sector's development has been substantiated. Changes in the behavior of Ukrainian consumers, resulting from the pandemic and massive military actions on the territory of Ukraine, have been analyzed. A trend towards increased economy and rationality in consumer purchasing behavior compared to the pre-war period has been identified. Changes in consumer buying behavior associated with the strengthening of Ukrainian society's consolidation, national identity, conscious choice to support domestic producers, the army, political positions, language of communication, or cooperation with the aggressor country have been noted. Adaptive measures for the recovery and development of Ukrainian retail in the conditions of a state of war and post-war period have been proposed, including: adjusting the product assortment and marketing strategies of retailers according to new needs, opportunities, and preferences of their customers; focusing on expanding the range of online services; improving sales and after-sales service; implementing an omnichannel communication model; and utilizing innovative sales technologies.
Inventory control and accounting valuation of electronic money and crypto assets in electronic transactions
Authors:   West Ukrainian National University, Muravskyi Volodymyr , Denchuk Pavlo ,   West Ukrainian National University, Reveha Oleh ,   West Ukrainian National University
Published: October 2023

The monetary basis of the digital economy is electronic money and cryptographic objects that have specific characteristics, consideration of which significantly complicate accounting and control. In order to ensure the identification, inventory and valuation of crypto assets, it is necessary to optimize the methodology and organization of accounting for electronic money transactions in the digital economy. The purpose of the article is to improve the inventory control and accounting assessment methodology from the point of view of the current and future value of electronic and cryptographic money in the context of electronic money transactions. The article substantiates the possibility of a permanent automatic inventory of electronic and cryptographic money funds based on the information synchronization of crypto exchanges (electronic transactions operators) with specialized software for automation of accounting. The procedure for carrying out inventory control of electronic money and cryptocurrencies in terms of types of electronic transactions has been improved. The features of accounting valuation of crypto assets characterized by intangible nature, significant volatility, speculative nature, confidentiality, decentralization, etc. have been determined. The methodology of accounting valuation of crypto assets has been optimized with the determination of their initial and future value in the context of distinguishing types of electronic transactions, as well as the need to revalue accounting objects used as a means of circulation or as investment and financial instruments. The methodology for valuation of newly created crypto assets has been clarified in terms of taking into account the costs of labor and social insurance, electricity and utilities, and depreciation of equipment related to the maintenance of the electronic transaction system. The use of the author's proposals will contribute to reliable and timely accounting of electronic and cryptographic money funds.
Development of the Accounting Concept in the Enterprise Management System
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Shalimova Nataliia , Smirnova Iryna ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Smirnova Nadiya ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this article is to research and systematize existing approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of accounting in the management system in order to determine the current stage of its development. It has been substantiated that the concept of accounting should not be separated from the life of the economic object as a main link of the social economic reproduction and should fully incorporate the internal and systematic information needs of management, employees, and owners. It has been proved that the transformation of the economic environment, revolutionary changes in information technologies necessitate the development of accounting theory and, as a result, a change in accounting concepts. The implementation of the concept was investigated depending on the point of view from which they are considered: from a general point of view or from a point of view of a specific point of view. The circumstances that determined the content of the modern concept of accounting in the enterprise management system in Ukraine are analyzed. International concepts of management accounting, as the basis of accounting in the enterprise management system, were studied. The methodological tasks of the strategic management accounting have been clarified. It has been proven that management information support should be aimed at building such an accounting model in the management system, which allows harmonizing the goals of all participants, resources, personnel, their level of knowledge and motivation, aspirations and interests of external participants. The characteristics of integrated management efficiency systems based on strategic indicators, based on the compatible, consistent and coordinated use of tangible and intangible factors of business value creation, based on the accounting concepts of balanced cards (accounts) or strategic cards, were studied. It is proved that the identification of strategic indicators of activity efficiency and the creation of their integrated system should be carried out according to the process-module approach, which involves the grouping of homogeneous strategic indicators in a module according to the stages of economic processes, which will ensure the growing information needs of the management of the enterprise system.
Tax Audits as a Way of Exercising Tax Control
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Fomina Tetiana , Puhachenko Olga ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kolomoiets Oleksandr ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: October 2023

The article examines tax audits as one of the ways of exercising tax control. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical provisions of tax audits and determine their role and place in the control process. The study was based on the application of general scientific methods: systematisation, logical and analytical methods, induction, deduction, as well as methods of theoretical generalisation, classification and grouping. The graphic method was used to illustrate the results of the research. The study emphasises that tax audits are a way of exercising tax control in Ukraine. Based on the digital data from the official portals of the State Tax Service, the efficiency and effectiveness of tax audits conducted during 2021-2022 are proved. The authors emphasise the restrictions on tax audits in Ukraine during the period of martial law, which mostly concerned documentary audits. The types of tax audits: in-house, documentary and factual were defined. The authors compare the subject matter of documentary and factual audits, and as a result, it is found that the same issues may be subject to different types of audits. The authors summarise organisational features of certain types of tax audits in the following areas: place of conduct, grounds for conducting, frequency of conduct, duration, conditions for starting an audit, and extension of the audit period. The presented study will be useful for employees of the State Tax Service and other fiscal authorities, customs authorities, auditors and practitioners of the accounting and controlling staff of enterprises, institutions, organisations, etc. We see prospects for further research in the development of a scientifically based classification of tax audits, development of methodological approaches to the implementation of various types of tax audits for certain types of national and local taxes and fees.
Digitization of Internal Control and Information Support for the Management of Transport Enterprises
Authors:   West Ukrainian National University, Kornyat Iryna
Published: October 2023

The effective functioning of the smart city creates prerequisites not only for automating the collection of accounting information about economic processes in transport, but also for comprehensive control over transport, passenger and cash flows. The use of modern computer and communication technologies in the smart city ensures the digitization of internal control for the purposes of effective management of transport enterprises, which determines the relevance of the topic of the article and makes it possible to form a goal. The main aim of the article is to improve the methodology of internal control and information support for the management of passenger carriers in the context of the use of modern computer and communication technologies. The article proves the importance of establishing the relationship between accounting, internal control and management of the transport enterprises activities. The methodology of internal control and information support of the management regarding the movement of vehicles in the city space, the performance of official duties by employees, the behavior of passengers and the circulation of funds has been improved. The procedure for digitalization of management decisions in the transport sector of the smart city based on accounting information, the reliability and relevance of which is confirmed by the internal control of passenger carriers, has been specified. The expediency of using a video surveillance system for the movement of transport, the performance of official duties by employees and the behavior of passengers in order to control and record the damage caused to the rolling stock of passenger carriers, other road users, passengers and employees, and the transport infrastructure of the smart city has been substantiated. The use of the developed information scheme of the control environment ensures the minimization of time and money spent by passengers, transport companies, municipal and state budgets for the provision of services for moving residents of the smart city.
Innovative Marketing Tools for Promoting Industrial Products on the Internet
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Tsaturian Roman , Bedov Denis ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Zhovnovach Ruslana ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the study of features of promotion of industrial products in the network. The publication is aimed at studying the peculiarities of using innovative digital marketing tools in the process of transforming the relationship between the brand of industrial products and the consumer. The characteristic features of using actual client-oriented means of promoting products on the Internet are investigated and generalized: non-standard advertising media; online exhibitions, online auctions; web conferencing; systems of interaction with sellers; methods of website promotion in social networks; mobile advertising; augmented reality. It is proved that the integrated use and innovative updating of marketing tools allows constantly expanding the customer base, increasing the level of competitiveness of industrial products, stimulating customer loyalty, strengthening ties with the target audience, and also contributes to reputation strengthening, organic growth in the number of users of products, increasing the level of retention of the target audience, increasing the number of repeat purchases, increasing the amount medium check, increasing the company’s profits. It is noted that this is facilitated by the fullest use of the possibilities of personalizing customer experience, increasing customer satisfaction due to maximum convenience of product consumption, guaranteed satisfaction of expectations, ensuring effective feedback, meticulous and thoughtful work with negative customer reactions. The modern tools of the Marketing 4.0 concept considered in the publication and the peculiarities of their use in the digital environment of the Internet presented in detail formed the basis of the formulated proposals for the introduction of new brand development strategies, the content of which is to attract customers to the development and updating of the concept of industrial products, its adjustment in accordance with the personal preferences of consumers, the creation of “ideal” offers. The use of digital marketing opportunities in combination with the combined application of the latest strategies for promoting industrial products allows more efficient use of dynamic pricing tools, promotes the practical introduction of many channel sales of products, maximizes the processes of attracting customers to the formation of added value of the manufacturer, really saves the marketing budget, optimizes in real time the level of production workload capacities of manufacturers of industrial products.
Current Trends in Money Circulation in Ukraine
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Gavrilova Natalia , Zadorozhnia Larysa ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: October 2023

The article analyzes the structure of the money supply in Ukraine, analysis of cash banknotes. The purpose of the study is to determine the key principles and modern features of the organization of money circulation in Ukraine, to analyze the structure of the money supply and identify directions of its optimization. The problems, advantages and disadvantages of cash and non-cash money circulation in Ukraine have been identified. According to the results of the study, the М0 monetary unit for 2021 increased from UAH 384.37 billion compared to 2019. to 581.01 billion UAH, the monetary unit М1 increased from 770.04 billion UAH. up to UAH 1281.24 billion, the monetary unit М2 from 1435.22bn. UAH. to UAH 2069.61 billion, and the monetary unit М3 increased from UAH 1438.31 billion. up to 2071, 37 billion UAH. The current requirements require the National Bank of Ukraine to conduct measures to reduce the volume of cash circulation and its streamlining, as well as to direct efforts to stabilize cashless payments, which will contribute to the organization of cash turnover and reduce the rate of cash growth in circulation. The activities of the National Bank of Ukraine should be aimed at popularizing cashless payments among the population, developing their payment culture, holding events, strengthening the technical capabilities of banking institutions, speeding up transactions. In order to further improve cash circulation, it is necessary to perform actions related to the achievement of reasonable forecasting of cash mass in circulation, in its volumes and denominations; maximum involvement of cash in the economic turnover of the state; ensure high quality of cash.
Strategic Model of Development of Enterprises of the Agricultural Complex
Authors:   Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrogradskyi National University, Trunina Iryna , Latyshev Kostiantyn ,   0000-0003-2645-1902, Didur Serhii ,   Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrogradskyi National University
Published: October 2023

With the start of hostilities, Ukraine and the world found themselves in a new reality in which all previous models, laws and developments do not work. During the severe trials, domestic farmers faced a number of problems: power outages, damage and destruction of agricultural infrastructure and machinery, fixed exchange rate, blockade of ports and restrictions on land routes. The article identifies the main challenges and problems of the agricultural sector caused by military actions in Ukraine. The challenges faced by the agricultural sector require new approaches and models, rapid adaptation to new conditions, transformation of activities and focus on the main task – survival. The development and implementation of an effective strategic development model, being a perspective-oriented stage of ensuring economic security, becomes the basis for acquiring long-term competitive advantages, and therefore remains an urgent problem and is the main goal of this study. The success of the strategic model of the development of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex largely depends on the validity of measures to respond to changes and expectations of the market in the short term, that is, on the effectiveness of strategic management and the implementation of a system of measures to ensure the most rational use of strategic resources, the identification of reserves and the appropriate level of economic security. It is proposed to identify and neutralize threats to the activities of agro-industrial complex enterprises within the framework of a program-target approach, which involves: identifying the source of threats, evaluating and developing program-target measures aimed at neutralizing possible threats, analysis of the degree of importance of threats, economic evaluation of planned measures, development of a strategic development model enterprises of the agro-industrial complex.
Transformation of Logistics and Project Management Concepts in the Context of Digitalization and European Integration
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Viunyk Olha , Kirichenko Olha ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: October 2023

The paper is devoted to the essence of logistics, project, logistics and project management. The comparative analysis of the logistics efficiency index was carried out in Ukraine in comparison with the countries of the European Union, which made it possible to note its low values in our country both under martial law and in the pre-war period, as well as the components of this index (customs, infrastructure, international shipments, logistics competence and equality, timeliness, tracking and tracing). The consequences of the impact of digitalization on the transformation of logistics and project management, which are manifested in the reduction of time for information exchange, saving of resources and acceleration of all processes, have been determined. It was established that in the realities of the digital economy, increased risk and uncertainty, the Agile approach, smart logistics and electronic logistics are relevant approaches. The importance of increasing the adaptability and flexibility of management activity, which allows for ensuring the sustainable functioning of economic entities in conditions of high risk and uncertainty, rapid and unpredictable changes in the surrounding environment, is noted. The directions for improving logistics and project management in conditions of digitalization in the field of personnel support and human resources development (including the development of digital culture and digital skills, increasing the competence of personnel in the field of application of modern digital tools and information and communication technologies, minimizing the digital divide), financial and investment support, organizational support, material and technical support (including software products and technologies) and information security were carried out.
Administration of taxes in the system of factors ensuring the effective implementation of the tax policy of the state
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Magopets Olena , Gai Oleksandr ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the place and role of the tax administration mechanism in the system of factors ensuring the effective implementation of the state's tax policy. It was found that the tax policy is an important component of the socio-economic policy of each country. Based on the results of the research, it was established that the content of tax policy is revealed through a set of legal, economic and organizational measures of the state, which are implemented in the field of taxation and are aimed at forming a reliable financial basis for the functioning of the state, achieving positive changes in socio-economic development and protecting national interests in the conditions of globalization and integration processes. The basic principles of tax policy formation are substantiated, which recognize the following principles: adequacy of budget support; tax capacity; equal tension; system and internal integrity of taxation; stability of taxation; flexibility (elasticity) of taxation and efficiency of taxation. It is proven that the domestic tax policy is mostly focused on the implementation of the fiscal function of taxes, which reduces its effectiveness in the context of creating prerequisites for economic growth. The main shortcomings of Ukraine's tax policy have been identified, which are manifested in: lack of ranking of goals by their degree of importance and concentration of efforts on achieving the most important of them; unclear definition of the problems facing the country's economy; inefficient structure of the tax system; prevalence of indirect taxes; high level of tax burden and uneven distribution. It was found that the key element of the tax policy is the mechanism of tax administration, which is a set of interrelated management procedures, methods, functions and actions of an applied nature, carried out by tax authorities in a continuous cyclical process of implementing the tax policy of the state in order to ensure the mobilization of taxes and fees to the budgets of different levels. The main elements of tax administration aimed at ensuring the effective implementation of the state's tax policy (tax planning, tax audit, improvement of information systems, raising the level of tax culture, improving the qualifications of tax authorities, improving the quality of service to taxpayers) have been identified.
Impact of Russia–Ukraine conflict on Russian financial market: Evidence from TVP-VAR and quantile-VAR analysis
Authors: Ullah Mirzat , Sohag Kazi , Khan Shabeer , Sohail Hafiz M.
Published: October 2023

This study aims to analyze the repercussions of the Russia–Ukraine conflict on the Russian financial market, focusing on the main stock market and sectorial stock indices. High-frequency hourly data from September 12, 2021, to April 29, 2022, covering the period before and after the outbreak of conflict, is utilized for analysis. The empirical investigation employs the TVP-VAR and Quantile-VAR connectedness approaches. Our findings indicate a significant impact of the conflict on the Russian stock market, leading to increased market risk during the event period. Notably, certain sectors, including oil and gas, utilities, metals & mining, financials, consumer goods, and services exerted more influence on other sectors, while chemicals, transport, and telecoms were influenced by other sectors. These insights are crucial for comprehending the financial implications of the ongoing conflict on the local economy, providing valuable guidance to portfolio managers, investors, and policymakers in devising effective financial strategies.
Diagnosis and conservative therapy of retropharyngeal hematoma
Authors: Novriansyah Wahyu Tri , Nukman Novialdi
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTBackground: Retropharyngeal hematoma is the accumulation of blood clots in the retropharyngeal space which can cause upper airway obstruction. Until now, controversy over surgical versus conservative therapy is still being debated. Purpose: Reporting one rare case of retropharyngeal hematoma. Case report: A 72-year-old man was brought to the emergency room with complaints of worsening dyspnea for 12 hours, after slipped and fell in the bathroom. Physical examination revealed purple discoloration on the posterior pharyngeal wall, CT scan showed inhomogeneous hyperdense masses, and coagulopathy. The patient underwent conservative therapy but finally died on the day-10 of treatment. Clinical question: How effective is the conservative therapy in retropharyngeal hematoma compared to surgical therapy? Review method: A literature search using keywords ”retropharyngeal hematoma” was conducted through Pubmed and Google Scholar. Result: Management of retropharyngeal hematoma is still controversial due to the lack of widely accepted guidelines. Conclusion: Conservative therapy in cases of retropharyngeal hematoma, should be administered aggressively, comprehensively, and with a strict protocol. ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Hematoma retrofaring adalah penumpukan bekuan darah di ruang retrofaring yang dapat menyebabkan obstruksi jalan nafas bagian atas. Hingga saat ini, kontroversi mengenai terapi bedah versus konservatif masih menjadi perdebatan. Tujuan: Melaporkan satu kasus hematoma retrofaring yang jarang terjadi. Laporan kasus: Seorang pria berusia 72 tahun dibawa ke ruang gawat darurat dengan keluhan sesak nafas yang semakin memburuk sejak 12 jam setelah jatuh karena terpeleset di kamar mandi. Pada pemeriksaan fisik didapatkan warna keunguan pada dinding posterior faring, CT scan terlihat massa hyperdense yang tidak homogen, serta koagulopati. Pasien menjalani terapi konservatif namun akhirnya meninggal pada hari ke-10 pengobatan. Pertanyaan klinis: Seberapa efektif terapi konservatif pada hematoma retrofaring dibandingkan dengan terapi bedah? Telaah literatur: Pencarian literatur menggunakan kata kunci ”retropharyngeal hematoma” dilakukan melalui Pubmed dan Google Scholar. Hasil: Penatalaksanaan hematoma retrofaring masih menjadi kontroversi karena belum adanya pedoman yang diterima secara luas. Kesimpulan: Terapi konservatif pada kasus hematoma retrofaring sebaiknya diberikan secara agresif, komprehensif, dan dengan protokol yang ketat.
Correlation between duration of chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis and sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Primadewi Novi , Pratiwi Dewi , Dewi Taufani
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTBackground: Along with the increasing incidence of chronic renal failure patients receiving hemodialysis, recently, the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) among patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis had also increased. The cochlea and kidney have many anatomical, physiological, pharmacological and pathological similarities. Dialysis sometimes causes worsening of hearing function. Objective: To determine the correlation between the duration of renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis and the degree of sensorineural hearing loss. Method: A retrospective study using cross sectional method, conducted from August–September 2018. The study began by identifying patients with chronic renal failure and then continued with Oto Acoustic Emission (OAE) examination and pure tone audiometry. Result: The results of the Spearman rank statistical test for the correlation between duration of hemodialysis and the degree of SNHL in the right and left ears in patients with chronic renal failure found a significant positive correlation r= 0.498 and p=0.001 (right) , and r= 0.400 and p=0.006 (left). Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between the length of hemodialysis and the degree of sensorineural hearing loss. ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Seiring dengan peningkatan angka kejadian pasien gagal ginjal kronik yang mendapatkan hemodialisa, akhir-akhir ini didapati peningkatan angka kejadian Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL) di antara pasien dengan penyakit ginjal stadium akhir yang menjalani hemodialisa. Koklea dan ginjal memiliki banyak kesamaan anatomis, fisiologis, farmakologis dan patologis. Dialisa terkadang menyebabkan memburuknya fungsi pendengaran. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan lama pasien gagal ginjal yang menjalani hemodialisa dengan derajat gangguan pendengaran tuli sensorineural. Metode: Penelitian retrospektif dengan metode potong lintang, dilakukan dari Agustus-September 2018. Penelitian dimulai dengan mengidentifikasi pasien gagal ginjal kronik kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan tes Oto Acoustic Emission (OAE) dan audiometri nada murni. Hasil: Hasil uji statistik Spearman rank untuk korelasi lama hemodialisa dengan derajat SNHL telinga kanan dan kiri pada pasien gagal ginjal kronik didapatkan korelasi positif yang signifikan: r= 0,498 dan p=0,001 (kanan) dan r= 0,400 dan p=0,006 (kiri). Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara lama hemodialisis dengan derajat tuli sensorineural.
Reconstruction of medial upper lip defect with Abbe flap
Authors: Widodo Dini Widiarni , Gustria Wulan Mega
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTBackground: Reconstruction of upper lip defect is challenging, because the upper lip is formed by two lateral nasolabial subunits and one philtrum subunit. The most effective reconstruction approach for upper lip deformities is still being debated. Purpose: To report a case of upper lip defect, and review the Abbe flap and Estlander flap methods for upper lip reconstruction. Case report: A 62 years old female subject with full thickness defect of two third of the upper lip, repaired by Abbe flap. Clinical question: What is the best surgical preference for upper lip defect reconstruction? Review method: A systematic literature search based on clinical questions, inclusion, and exclusion criteria in the PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO databases, Scopus and hand searching using keywords. Result: No eligible studies were pertinent to answer the clinical question. Conclusion: Reconstruction options of upper lip defect were based on thickness, size and the defect in the structure involved. The Abbe flap can be used to reconstruct the full thickness medial upper lip, one-third up to two-thirds of the defect area. Lateral defects and commissure involvement can be repaired by Estlander flap. ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Rekonstruksi defek bibir atas lebih sulit, karena dibentuk oleh dua subunit nasolabial lateral dan satu subunit filtrum. Pendekatan rekonstruksi yang paling efektif untuk kelainan bentuk bibir atas masih diperdebatkan. Tujuan: Untuk menyajikan kasus defek bibir atas, pilihan terapi untuk pasien ini dan meninjau pilihan metode operasi dengan jabir Abbe dan Jabir Estlander untuk rekonstruksi bibir atas. Laporan kasus: Seorang wanita 62 tahun dengan defek dua pertiga bibir atas dengan ketebalan penuh, yang direkonstruksi dengan jabir Abbe. Pertanyaan klinis: Apakah pilihan bedah rekonstruksi terbaik untuk defek bibir atas? Telaah literatur: Pencarian literatur sistematis berdasarkan pertanyaan klinis, kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi di database PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO host dan pencarian tangan menggunakan kata kunci. Hasil: Tidak didapati studi yang memenuhi syarat untuk menjawab pertanyaan klinis. Kesimpulan: Pilihan rekonstruksi untuk defek bibir atas adalah berdasarkan ketebalan, luas, dan kecacatan pada struktur yang terlibat. Jabir Abbe dapat digunakan untuk rekonstruksi medial bibir atas dengan ketebalan penuh sepertiga hingga dua pertiga dari area defek. Defek lateral dan keterlibatan komisura dapat diperbaiki dengan jabir Estlander.
Caustic esophageal injury in clinical settings
Authors: Zuleika Puspa , Saleh Irsan , Murti Krisna , Liberty Iche Andriyani
Published: October 2023

Background: esophageal stricture is loss of esophageal lumen patency and may involve injuries after ingesting caustic substances. This systematic review aims to review clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities involved, treatments and outcomes, and complications of esophageal strictures following caustic injuries.Methods: this systematic review involves original researches conducted between 2002-2022 indexed in PubMed and EuropePMC searched using following MeSH terms: “((caustic injury) OR (caustic burn)) AND (ingestion) AND (inflammation)” following PRISMA algorithm. Biases were assessed using STROBE checklist and presented as narratives.Results: searches yielded 326 results with 16 studies included in this review. Majority of caustic ingestion and strictures involved pediatric population due to accidental ingestion. Alkali ingestion has more severe presentation. Radiological imaging, including CT and MRI, may help in determining damages involved. Degrees of damages are related with mortalities or morbidities, and dilatation may improve quality-of-life in some cases.Conclusion: pediatric patients are at risk for accidental ingestions and alkali ingestion creates more severe damage. Radiological imaging may assist in determining involvement of underlying tissues.
A SCIENTIFIC-METHODICAL APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY'S FINANCIAL ARCHITECTURE
Authors:   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, Savchenko Maryna , Bratchuk Ulyana ,   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University
Published: October 2023

The article substantiates that the development of the financial architecture, being a component of overall economic stability and financial development, reaches the optimal level with the help of state regulation and the implementation of financial policy. The proposed scientific-methodical approach to assessing the development of the financial architecture is based on the calculation of the composite index of the development of the financial architecture - as a symbiosis of the subindices of the following components: banking, budgetary, non-banking, currency, money credit and stock market components. The algorithm of the scientific and methodical approach includes the following stages: the selection of indicators for assessing the development of the financial architecture - in total, the use of 29 indicators is proposed for six sub-indices; normalization of single indicators taking into account the type of their influence on the development of the financial architecture; block assessment taking into account the weight of individual indicators of the development of the financial architecture for each sub-index; calculation of the composite index of financial architecture development; determination of zones of development of financial architecture in accordance with the limit values and identification of the obtained values of the composite index for a certain zone.
Riflessività ed ecologia formativa: linguaggi e processi embodied in una ricerca sul tirocinio universitario
Authors: Alga Maria Livia , Sità Chiara
Published: October 2023

La pratica riflessiva costituisce una risorsa chiave per l'apprendimento permanente e per la possibilità di realizzare azioni situate di fronte a situazioni problematiche aperte. L'articolo centra l'attenzione in particolare sulle forme della riflessività emergenti dall'esperienza di studenti che stanno facendo il tirocinio come educatrici/educatori e sullo spazio che le pratiche riflessive trovano nella complessa ecologia del tirocinio universitario. A partire da una ricerca con studenti L19 che ha usato in modo combinato questionario, interviste, focus group e analisi di situazioni dialogiche in un contesto di elaborazione del tirocinio, l'articolo esamina l'esperienza di pratica riflessiva emergente dall'esperienza degli studenti del secondo e terzo anno di Scienze dell'educazione, mettendo in luce in particolare la ricerca di spazi di pratica riflessiva e l'uso di una pluralità di canali e di linguaggi che la accompagnano. La ricerca fa emergere le pratiche, gli strumenti, la comunità di riferimento propri delle pratiche riflessive sperimentate durante il tirocinio universitario e all'interno delle sue condizioni organizzative. Dalla ricerca emerge un utilizzo della riflessività perlopiù legato a spazi di confronto informale; la ricerca di linguaggi e canali espressivi diversi per delineare e condividere con altri i pensieri che emergono nella pratica; la difficoltà a trovare, negli attraversamenti tra vita universitaria e tirocinio nei servizi, un'ecologia formativa capace di valorizzare le connessioni, la corporeità e la pluralità dei linguaggi come parte integrante di una formazione riflessiva.
Lo sviluppo di una stampa moderna in Francia e negli Stati italiani tra la fine del settecento e la prima metà dell'ottocento: un bilancio storiografico
Authors: Contes Julien
Published: October 2023

Lo sviluppo della stampa moderna in Europa, tra la fine del settecento e la prima metà dell'ottocento, ha dato origine a una vasta produzione storiografica. Dall'emergere della storia politica centrata sul contenuto dei giornali, dopo la Seconda guerra mondiale, si è giunta nel corso degli anni novanta del novecento a una pluralità di storie dei media, fino alla recente comparsa di nuove problematiche, che hanno rinnovato i paradigmi precedenti e la conoscenza della "civiltà del giornale" emergente. Nel presente articolo si propone un bilancio storiografico che confronta le ricerche tra uno spazio all'avanguardia nell'espansione della stampa, la Francia, e un altro meno avanzato, gli Stati italiani preunitari, che ha comunque conosciuto una vera e propria dinamica di sviluppo giornalistico.
Bacteriostatic cells instead of bacteriostatic antibiotics?
Authors: Baquero Fernando , Rodríguez-Beltrán Jeronimo , Levin Bruce
Published: October 2023

This year we commemorate the centennial of the birth of the mature concept of bacteriostasis by John W. Churchman at Cornell University Medical School. The term bacteriostasis has primarily been applied to antibiotics (bacteriostatic antibiotics). In this Opinion paper, we are revisiting this concept by suggesting that bacteriostatic antibiotics are drugs that induce bacteria to become bacteriostatic. Cells that are unable to multiply, thereby preventing the antibiotic from exerting major lethal effects on them, are a variant (“different”) type of cells, bacteriostatic cells. Note that the term “bacteriostasis” should not be associated only with antimicrobials, but with many stressful conditions. In that respect, the drug promotion of bacteriostasis might resemble other types of stress-induced cellular differentiation, such as sporulation, in which spores can be considered “bacteriostatic cells” or perhaps as persister bacteria, which can become “normal cells” again when the stressful conditions have abated.