bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS TREATMENT REGIMENS FOR CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS IN INFANTS
Authors:   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of the Russian Federal Biomedical Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Ermolenko K.D. , Gonchar N.V. ,   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of the Russian Federal Biomedical Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: September 2021

Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common bacterial intestinal infections with a high risk of severe course in childhood. The treatment of children with campylobacteriosis is complex and requires further study. Objective of the study: to study the clinical efficacy of various drug therapy regimens for campylobacteriosis and their effect on intestinal microbiocenosis in young children. Materials and methods of research: From 2018 to 2020 in the Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of the Russian Federal Biomedical Agency, a comprehensive singlecenter prospective dynamic open observational study of 84 children aged 6 to 18 months with campylobacteriosis was carried out (41 boys, 43 girls, mean age 12,7±4,7 months). A comparison was made between patients who did not receive an antibacterial drug (n=30), received azithromycin (n=30), and received several antibacterial agents (n=24). Clinical and laboratory parameters and indices of the intestinal microbiocenosis composition were assessed by real-time PCR. Results: antibacterial drugs of the macrolide group are most effective in the etiotropic therapy of severe and moderate forms of campylobacteriosis in infants. The appointment of antibacterial drugs of the cephalosporin group for campylobacteriosis leads to a slowdown in the recovery process (an increase in the duration of diarrhea, fever and abdominal pain), accompanied by significant damage to the intestinal microbiocenosis (a decrease in the symbiotic Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp.). The combination of these factors predisposes to more frequent re-isolation of the pathogen observed in this group of patients. For children who are on mixed or artificial feeding, the inclusion of nutritional mixtures with probiotics in the complex of therapeutic measures has a pronounced therapeutic effect and can be used as one of the main means of rehabilitation of campylobacteriosis convalescents.
FREQUENCY RATE OF BCG VACCINATION AND SELECTED INDICATORS OF CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN
Authors:   National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Aksenova V.A. , Gordina A.V. ,   Central Scientific and Research Institute for Organization and Informatization of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia, Sterlikov S.A. ,   Central Scientific and Research Institute for Organization and Informatization of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia, Kucheryawaya D.A. ,   Central Scientific and Research Institute for Organization and Informatization of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

Objective of the study: to assess the effect of the frequency of administration of the BCG vaccine on the nature and structure of clinical forms of tuberculosis (TB) in children. Materials and methods of research: a cohort observational retrospective continuous comparative multicenter crosssectional study was carried out. The data (registration form № 089/u-tube) of 3253 children of 7–14 years old with newly revealed changes in the lungs of a specific genesis, registered in 2019–2020 in the institutions of the anti-tuberculosis service of the Russian Federation were analyzed. Two comparison groups were identified: group 1 (observation group) – children who received a double injection of BCG vaccine (vaccination and revaccination) (n=184), group 2 (comparison group) – children who received a single BCG vaccination (n=3358). To achieve this goal, 5 null hypotheses were identified for testing which groups are formed from the received data array with the necessary parameters. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyzes (including confounding factors). Results: it was found that BCG revaccination does not reduce the risk of TB compared with residual changes after, it does not reduce the proportion of generalized forms of TB compared with localized forms (OR=2,4, p=0,08). The frequency of vaccination has not a statistically significant effect on the frequency of bacterial excretion (aOR=1,6, p=0,15) and destruction of lung tissue (OR=1,1, p=1). Revaccination has a statistically significant effect on the ratio of primary and secondary forms of TB, reducing the likelihood of its primary forms (aOR=0,4, p<0,001). In the course of multivariate analysis, it was found that the formation of primary or secondary TB, as well as the frequency of bacterial excretion in the comparison groups, was significantly influenced by confounding factors. Conclusion: this work has demonstrated the absence of a pronounced protective effect of repeated administration of the BCG vaccine on the clinical course of a specific process.
EXPERIENCE OF USING TOCILIZUMAB IN THERAPY OF TAKAYASU ARTERITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors:   Department of Children’s Diseases of the N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health with the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Podzolkova V.A. , Lyskina G.A. ,   Department of Children’s Diseases of the N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health with the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Kostina Yu.O. ,   University Children’s Clinical Hospital of the N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health with the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Seraya V.A. ,   University Children’s Clinical Hospital of the N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health with the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

The prognosis of Takayasu arteritis (TA) depends on timely and adequate therapy, but in about half of patients, the disease is refractory to standard therapy or recurs against the background of a decrease in the dose of glucocorticoids (GCs). The use of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in the treatment of TA looks promising, however, the experience of their use in TA in children is presented by isolated observations. Objective of the study: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab (TCZ) in the treatment of refractory and recurrent forms of TA in children. Materials and methods of research: the study retrospectively included 9 children who were prescribed TCZ when standard therapy was ineffective. Before starting TCZ therapy, all patients were diagnosed with an active form of the disease. The median duration of TCZ therapy was 24 months. Results: against the background of TCZ therapy, the median ESR decreased from 22 to 5 mm/h (p value <0,01), the level of C-reactive protein from 6 to 0 mg/l (p value <0,025). All patients achieved remission. No relapses were observed. The median GCs dose decreased from 0,377 to 0,15 mg/kg/day for prednisolone, 2 patients with GCs were completely canceled. The ITAS.A activity index decreased from 3–12 (median 7) to 0 in 7 and to 1 in 2 more patients. The drug was well tolerated. Adverse reactions included one case of pityriasis versicolor and one case of postoperative phlegmon of the neck and subclavian region on the right. Conclusion: TCZ has shown efficacy and safety for the induction and maintenance of remission in children with TA. The presented results of the study indicate the prospects for further study of the use of TCZ for TA in pediatric practice.
PULMONARY ALVEOLAR MICROLITHIASIS: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE REPORT OF A LUNG BIOPSY-CONFIRMED DISEASE IN AN INFANT
Authors:   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Ovsyannikov D.Yu. ,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Alekseeva O.V. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Taniya R.V. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Frolov P.A. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Skobeev D.A. ,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Topilin O.G. ,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Berezhanskiy P.V. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Gorev V.V. ,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

The article provides up-to-date information on epidemiology, etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, pathomorphology, clinical manifestation, X-ray and computed tomography (CT) semiotics, features in childhood, treatment of a rare genetic interstitial lung disease – pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM). A clinical observation of a child with PAM manifestation, confirmed by lung biopsy in infancy, is presented. The results of X-ray and CT of the patient's chest organs are presented, the unique features of the course of the disease are listed.
SAVI SYNDROME: LITERATURE REVIEW AND FAMILY CASE IN RHEUMATOLOGY AND PULMONOLOGY
Authors:   V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia, Salugina S.O. , Fedorov E.S. ,   V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia, Lev N.S. ,   Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics named after Academician Yuri Veltischev of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Zhikrivetskaya S.O. ,   Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics named after Academician Yuri Veltischev of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Shapovalenko A.N. ,   V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia, Torgashina A.V. ,   V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia, Golovina O.A. ,   V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

SAVI syndrome – STING-associated early-onset vasculopathy – a rare monogenic autosomal dominant autoinflammatory disease associated with a mutation in the TMEM173 gene, belongs to type 1 interferonopathies. It is characterized by early onset, fever, skin rashes (vasculopathy), arthritis, interstitial lung disease (ILD), increased levels of acute phase markers, and the presence of autoantibodies (antinuclear factor, rheumatoid factor and other antibodies). The main treatment is glucocorticoids, JAK inhibitors. This publication provides an overview of the literature on this rare disease, as well as a few family observations. We present our own clinical cases: 2 children from twins and a father from the same family suffering from SAVI syndrome, the therapy of these patients, a complex diagnostic path, including genetic diagnostics, starting with a pulmonologist, a geneticist and ending with a rheumatologist. When analyzing the presented family case, it is obvious that patients with SAVI syndrome can encounter in the practice of a rheumatologist and a pulmonologist. Children with early onset with systemic manifestations (fever, skin rashes, lymphadenopathy, hepatolienal syndrome), arthritis in combination with ILD, increased ESR, C-reactive protein, and the presence of autoantibodies require special attention. It is extremely important to collect a family history to identify similar cases in relatives and to perform genetic testing in a timely manner.
STATE OF THE PROBLEM OF ORGANIZATION OF RESPIRATORY CARE FOR NEWBORN CHILDREN IN TODAY’S RUSSIA: SURVEY RESULTS OF A OF NEONATOLOGISTS AND INTENSIVE CARE SPECIALISTS
Authors:   Kaluga Oblast Regional Clinical Hospital, Kaluga, Russia, Mostovoy A.V. , Karpova A.L. ,   Kaluga Oblast Regional Clinical Hospital, Kaluga, Russia, Mezhinsky S.S. ,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Volodin N.N. ,   National Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

Objective of the study: to study the current situation regarding the introduction of modern methods of respiratory therapy in neonatal practice in the Russian Federation, on the basis of the results of the questionnaire, and to assess the dynamics of changes from 2013 to 2021. Materials and methods of research: the article analyzes the results of the survey of neonatologists and anesthesiologistsresuscitators from 163 settlements in 81 regions of the Russian Federation on various issues of providing respiratory care to newborns for the period from January 18, 2021 to May 7, 2021. The questionnaire included 82 question. Results: 489 Russian specialists took part in the survey. More than 90% of respondents were trained in respiratory therapy, most of whom worked in level 2 medical organizations (191 doctors) and level 3a perinatal centers (192 doctors). The main changes in respiratory therapy over the past 9 years have been mainly work in the delivery room: the proportion of doctors (from 9,4% to 54,7%) increased statistically significantly (p<0,001) (from 9,4% to 54,7%) who, according to indications, used CPAP as a starting method of respiratory therapy in premature infants at birth, oxygen mixers were used statistically significantly (p<0,001) (from 44,2% to 62,5%), statistically significant (p<0.001) increased the proportion of doctors (from 46,3% to 92, 1%) who performed the first administration of surfactant in the delivery room, introduced new respiratory strategies, 57% of doctors refused from «prolonged lung inflation» in the delivery room. Conclusion: a survey of specialists from almost all regions of the Russian Federation made it possible to obtain a clear picture of the problem of respiratory care for newborn children. The material obtained objectively demonstrated the evolution in the development and implementation of the most modern neonatal respiratory strategies in the Russian Federation over the past decade.
CONNECTION BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX, RELATIVE BODY MASS INDEX AND BRONCHIAL PATENCY INDICATORS IN CHILDREN WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod City Children’s Clinical Hospital No. 1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Khramova R.N. , Tush E.V. ,   Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Ovsyannikov D.Yu. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Eliseeva T.I. ,   Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Khaletskaya O.V. ,   Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Stroganov A.B. ,   Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Baranov E.K. ,   Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Bulgakova V.A. ,   Research Institute of Pediatrics and Health Protection with the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Balabolkin I.I. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

Objective of the study: to study the relationship between nutritional status parameters and spirometric parameters reflecting bronchial patency in children with bronchial asthma (BA). Materials and methods of research: a retrospective non-randomized single-center comparative study of 417 children, 297 boys (71,2%) and 120 girls (28,8%), age 10,5 [10,2; 10,9] years with atopic BA. All children underwent spirometry and anthropometry. Results: an increase in body weight from underweight to obesity was accompanied by a decrease in the FEV1/FVC ratio from 80,4 [48,8; 97,9]% to 73,7 [47,4; 88,1]%, p=0,003, MEF 25% (% pred) from 70,9 [19,4; 171,5]% to 55,1 [20,2; 110,0]%, p=0,003 and FEF 25–75 (% pred) from 79,2 [28,6; 173,6]% to 65,9 [24,8; 103,5]%, p=0,02; at the same time, there is an increase in FVC% pred from 104,88±17,26 to 112,13±16,22%, р=0,01, which may be associated with the phenomenon of dysanapsis. The body mass index (BMI) and relative BMI values negatively correlate with the FEV1/FVC index (r=–0,20 and r=–0,19, respectively, p=0,0001). Similar data for the general cohort was collected in the cohort of boys. Conclusion: indicators of nutritional status, as well as spirometric indicators, can be important components of an objective assessment of the condition of children with asthma for individual effective therapy of the disease.
Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the internal audit of an economic entity
Authors: Kovalenko Yulia Nikolaevna , Kovalenko Svetlana Nikolaevna , Prodanova Natalia Alekseevna , Krekova Marina Mikhailovna , Mironchuk Vadim Anatolevich , Sorgutov Ilya Valerievich
Published: September 2021

The article raises issues related to the need and possibility of evaluating the effectiveness of the internal audit system. The directions of internal auditors 'audits are formed, the procedure of actions of various structural divisions within the framework of effective corporate governance is described, the key factors of the effectiveness of internal auditors' work are given, their essence is revealed. The necessity of creating an internal audit committee is justified, and the provisions of the internal audit committee are prescribed, according to its supervisory role in the activities of an economic entity. The role of the internal auditor and its interaction with external auditors who carry out control measures are described, arguments are given about internal cooperation between the board of directors, the internal audit committee and the executive management of an economic entity in relation to the control system.
Sociolinguistic analysis of the communication style of users of social networks and messengers
Authors: Milkova Aleksandra Alekseevna , Kinziabaeva Alina Vafaevna , Vasileva Mariia Alekseevna , Slesova Ekaterina Alekseevna , Lubyanaya Alina Alexandrovna
Published: September 2021

The article presents a sociolinguistic analysis of the communication style of users in social networks and messengers. Based on the methods of sociolinguistics and indirect analysis methods of discourse, the usual moments of exchanging messages between users of a certain social group in Viber are compared with their interactions using the same environment in social networks during the occurrence of non-standard situations.  The combination of case studies and the study of key moments when relevant offline moments affect the linguistic practices of a particular community can influence the understanding of current semi-social online communication. Accordingly, stylistic and linguistic practices of communication in social networks and messengers bear the imprint of the communication process and are directly related to the topic of the issues discussed. If, outside of a critical situation, such communication will receive an impression of ease and be confirmed by the usage of colloquial words, impulsive abbreviations, named sentences and a significant number of emojis.
An Analytical Method for Calculating Nodal Loads in a Power Distribution Network
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, KOROVKIN Nikolay V. , BODRENKOV Evgeniy A. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: September 2021

A method for calculating nodal loads with the known supply bus voltage the circuit head section current is developed. The electric network model is represented by the main section, in which the parameters of power transmission lines are known, and means for altering the circuit state are available. The state of the circuit can be altered by changing the supply bus voltage through adjusting the substation power transformer’s OLTC, by changing the parameters of power lines equipped with FACTS devices, or by a combination of both. The nodal voltages at the load nodes will be different in different states, with the power flows remaining unchanged. The advantage of the approach and its theoretical significance lie in the fact that all necessary relationships have been obtained analytically, and that the complex nonlinear problem has correctly been reduced to a set of linear operations. determined. The proposed approach can be used in locating unauthorized connections to the network.
Optimization of the Mongolia Backbone Electric Grid Development
Authors:   Melentiev Energy Systems Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, DRACHEV Pavel S. , KHANAEV Veniamin V. ,   Melentiev Energy Systems Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, BAT-ERDENE Bayar ,   Mongolian State University of Science and Technology
Published: September 2021

The central electric power system of Mongolia is characterized by a disjointed structure of its generating capacities, the existence of isolated "islanded" power systems, a significant length of inter-area transmission lines, and the availability of links with the power systems of Russia and China. The article discusses the current state and prospects for the development of the Central Power System of Mongolia. The long-term development of the power system requires multi-scenario studies and optimization calculations, which require dedicated mathematical models. An optimization mathematical model of the electric network has been developed, which is based on determining the minimum discounted costs for the construction and operation of new power lines subject to conditions and constraints relating for electricity generation and consumers. By using the optimization model, the development of the power system's backbone electric grid for the period up to 2030 is analyzed. The need of the Mongolian power industry for construction of six backbone power lines that will make it possible to unite the country's isolated power systems and optimize the load flow distribution in the network is pointed out. The correctness of the obtained results is confirmed by modeling and conducting comparative calculations of the electric network in the RastrWin software package.
Jansenismo y rigorismo en la Nueva España: una propuesta de renovación historiográfica (1600-1700)
Authors: Laske Trilce
Published: September 2021

Este artículo busca demostrar la presencia, desde mediados del siglo XVII, de un rigorismo novohispano, en consonancia con el desarrollo de una nueva severidad en otros espacios católicos, como Holanda, Francia e Italia. Para ello, se basa en fuentes primarias poco explotadas, como son los impresos de teología moral. Finalmente, el objetivo de este texto es poner de relieve la diversidad teológica del virreinato novohispano durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVII.
Agua que sobra, agua que falta. Las fuentes públicas y la sociabilidad del agua en la ciudad de México, 1770-1818
Authors: López Mora Rebeca
Published: September 2021

En este artículo se presenta el sistema de distribución de agua en la ciudad de México durante el periodo de 1770 a 1818. Se propone realizar una relectura del espacio urbano de la capital por medio de las fuentes públicas y privadas, datos que se obtuvieron de una visita realizada por el Ayuntamiento en 1818, con base en los 32 cuarteles menores en que estaba dividida la ciudad para su administración y control territorial. Asímismo, se utilizaron los datos demográficos obtenidos en 1816 en estas mismas demarcaciones. Estas dos variables se relacionaron para obtener un factor de pobladores por fuente de agua, que permitió identificar las zonas de abundancia de agua, zona intermedia o de conexión, zona de escasez y la de carencia total de agua. La zonificación de la ciudad permitió hacer una revisión de los asentamientos humanos, para valorar la función que tuvieron las fuentes públicas en el desarrollo de cada una de las zonas. Así mismo, se presenta el funcionamiento del sistema de ramos subterráneos del agua, que al estar basados en la gravedad, impidió que el líquido llegara a los lugares más alejados de los acueductos, y por el contrario, ocasionó derrames y desperdicio en las entradas de los acueductos de Santa Fe y de Chapultepec al casco urbano. En ese contexto se puede valorar de forma diferente la función que tuvieron las fuentes públicas en la vida cotidiana de los habitantes de la ciudad de México.
La garantía de las pensiones: desafíos para la sostenibilidad económica y social
Authors: Monereo Pérez José Luis
Published: September 2021

El sistema de Seguridad Social padece graves carencias de cobertura y desigualdades que inciden, de manera relevante, en colectivos vulnerables como: los desempleados de larga duración, los trabajadores a tiempo parcial, los mayores y los empleados discontinuos e irregulares. El riesgo de pobreza está ocasionando una importante brecha social que incide no sólo en razón de la edad, sino también del género. La insuficiencia de mecanismos eficaces de protección social provoca en efecto, un impacto negativo sobre los trabajadores mayores, por lo que también las diferencias de protección determinan una forma de injusticia intergeneracional.
El “derecho” a la pensión futura
Authors: López Cumbre Lourdes
Published: September 2021

Desde hace tres años, los partícipes y beneficiarios de un plan de pensiones pueden rescatar sus derechos consolidados correspondientes a aportaciones realizadas con, al menos, diez años de antigüedad. Esta disponibilidad anticipada permite ampliar la capacidad para establecer embargos o prenda sobre los derechos consolidados, siendo de mayor interés para el beneficiario la prenda o cesión. Dada la situación económica, cada vez es más frecuente que el ciudadano busque fórmulas para obtener rentabilidad de aquellos bienes o derechos que posee. De ahí que esta opción resulte sumamente atractiva. Mas ¿se podría hacer lo mismo con el derecho derivado de una pensión pública? ¿Existe un “derecho” a la pensión pública futura semejante al “derecho consolidado” de la pensión privada, aunque aún no sea disponible? ¿Puede condicionar la financiación -sistema de capitalización en el ámbito privado y de reparto en el ámbito público- la configuración del “derecho” a la pensión futura en el sistema de Seguridad Social? Hasta ahora, la respuesta a esta última pregunta, sin mucha mayor precisión, ha sido que sí, que ambos modelos son dispares y que, por tanto, las consecuencias también lo son. Pero, tal vez, cabría replantear la simplicidad de la respuesta, objetivo perseguido por este análisis.
Pensión de viudedad, matrimonio gitano y parejas de hecho
Authors: Hernández-Carrillo Manuel Martín
Published: September 2021

Es doctrina judicial constante la de que las uniones por el rito gitano no producen efectos civiles y, por ende, no generan derecho a la pensión de viudedad al fallecimiento de uno de sus integrantes. Con la excepción de la sentencia del TEDH de 2009, asunto Muñoz Díaz c. España (conocido como “La Nena”), por las particularidades que concurrían, basadas en la buena fe de los contrayentes y la expectativa razonable creada por las autoridades del Estado español, el TS y el TC siguen negando el acceso a la pensión de viudedad, incluso en supuestos en los que el fallecimiento del causante se produjo después de la Ley 40/2007, que por primera vez posibilitaba el acceso a la pensión de viudedad al integrante supérstite de dichas parejas. El voto particular publicado junto a la sentencia del TS de 25 de enero de 2.018, Recurso 2401/2016, razona sobre lo innecesario de dicho requisito a las uniones celebradas conforme a los usos y costumbres gitanos por las particularidades de dicha cultura, fuerte arraigo familiar y unidad matrimonial no cuestionada.
Reseña de “Reforma de las pensiones públicas y planes privados de pensiones” (Monereo Pérez, J.l., Ojeda Avilés, A., Gutiérrez Bengoechea, M., Laborum, Murcia, 2021)
Authors: Aguilar Segado Carlos David
Published: September 2021

En el año 2021 ha nacido una magnífica obra colectiva cuyo título es la «Reforma de las pensiones públicas y planes privados de pensiones» publicada dentro de la Colección «Temas puntuales» nº4 de la excelente editorial Laborum (Murcia). Está encuadrada dentro de los Proyectos de Investigación Estatales I+D+i DER2017-85096-R sobre «Envejecimiento activo y Vida Laboral: Trabajadores Maduros y Pensiones Productivos» de la Universidad de Granada y RTI: 2018-094696-B-I00 sobre «Retos, reformas y financiación del sistema de pensiones ¿Sostenibilidad versus suficiencia?» de la Universidad de Málaga.

La monografía está elaborada por los profesores José Luis Monereo Pérez, Antonio Ojeda Avilés y Miguel Gutiérrez Bengoechea, con la finalidad de realizar un análisis presente, ordenado y contrastado sobre la reforma de las pensiones públicas y los planes privados de pensiones en España, así como realizar un estudio comparado de los diversos Estados Miembros.
PROBLEME DAYALI ÖĞRENME YAKLAŞIMINA GÖRE HAZIRLANAN OKUL ÖNCESI STEM ETKİNLİKLERİNİN ÇOCUKLARIN PROBLEM ÇÖZME BECERİLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ERDEN Sule , YALÇIN Vakkas
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırmada, probleme dayalı öğrenme yaklaşımına göre hazırlanan okul öncesi STEM etkinliklerinin çocukların problem çözme becerileri üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tek gruplu öntest-sontest deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, “Wally Sosyal Problem Çözme Testi (Wally Social Problem Solving Test)” ve “Demografik Bilgi Formu” kullanılmıştır. Deneysel desende yapılan çalışma, 8 hafta ve haftada 2 gün olacak şekilde, toplamda 16 etkinlik yapılarak tamamlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu, 3 öğretmen ve 51 okul öncesi çocuğu oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 21 paket analiz programı kullanılmıştır. Analizlere başlamadan önce Kolmogorov-Smirnov normallik testi yapılmış ve veriler normal dağılım gösterdiğinden parametrik testler kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda; okul öncesi çocukların problem çözme beceri puanlarının cinsiyet değişkenine göre istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fark göstermediği ancak erkek çocukların problem çözme beceri puanlarının ortalaması, kız çocuklarının problem çözme beceri toplam puanlarının ortalamasından yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre çalışmaya katılan çocukların problem çözme öntest ve sontest beceri puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark olduğu, ön-test ve son-test arasındaki korelasyonun ise 0,40’ olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu durumda, uygulanan probleme dayalı öğrenme yaklaşımına göre hazırlanan okul öncesi STEM etkinliklerinin çocukların problem çözme becerilerini arttırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar ve araştırmanın amaçları doğrultusunda araştırmacılara, öğretmen ve ebeveynlere önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
MATEMATİK ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ ÇOKLU ÇÖZÜM GEREKTİREN PROBLEMİ GEOGEBRA ORTAMINDA ÇÖZME SÜREÇLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KÜÇÜKKAHVECİ Muhammed Ömer , KAÇAR Ahmet
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada ortaokul matematik öğretmen adaylarının çoklu çözüm gerektiren bir geometri probleminde kağıt üzerinde ve GeoGebra ortamında çoklu çözüm yolu geliştirme süreçleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden biri olan durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılacak olan çalışma grubu, matematik eğitimi uzmanlarının görüşü alınarak, 7 açık uçlu sorudan oluşturulan hazır bulunuşluk testi uygulanarak oluşturulmuştur. Ardından birden fazla çözüm yolu olan bir soru oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma grubundan önce kağıt üzerinde, sonra GeoGebra ortamında bu sorunun çözüm yollarını bulmaları istenmiştir. Her iki ortamda oluşturulan çözüm yolları analiz edilmiş ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan araştırmanın sonucunda ortaokul matematik öğretmen adaylarının Geogebra ortamında daha fazla sayıda çözüm yolu oluşturdukları görülmüştür. Bu sonuç GeoGebra’nın sunmuş olduğu dinamik ortamın geometri problemlerinde faklı çözüm yoları oluşturmaya daha uygun ortam olduğunu göstermektedir.
Determinants of youth unemployment in Uganda: The role of gender, education, residence, and age
Authors: Egessa Abel , Nnyanzi John Bosco , Muwanga James
Published: September 2021

Youth unemployment in Uganda increased from 12.7% in 2012/13 to 13.3 in 2016/17, despite a decline in the overall national unemployment rate from 11.1% to 9.2%. This poses serious development challenges, particularly to the ongoing efforts to poverty reduction. The main objective of the current study is to examine the extent to which gender, education, residence, and age determine youth unemployment in Uganda. Using recent data from the Uganda National Household Survey 2016/17 collected by the Uganda National Bureau of Statistics, we obtained a sample of 5,912 respondents for the ages between 18 years and 30 years. The main findings based on a binary logistic regression approach, reveal that education, gender, residence, and age are all critical in driving youth unemployment. The Ugandan youth who has some level of education is more likely to be unemployed compared to those with no education. But the youth that attended post-secondary education is associated with the highest unemployment probability followed by those with secondary school education and finally by primary education. While an increase in age appears to increase youth unemployment for females, the married youth have less chances of being unemployed compared to the unmarried youth. Moreover, as the probability of being unemployed reduces for the married youth, being divorced increases that probability. Similarly, the male youth are found more likely to be unemployed than their female counterparts. Additionally, the urban youth increased their chances of unemployment compared to the rural ones. Likewise, males are far more likely to remain in unemployment relative to females, just as living in the northern, eastern, or western region as a youth is less risky in terms of unemployment compared to living in the central region. On the other hand, whereas the education level of the household head is not important for youth unemployment, the marital status and gender of the household head are critical. The indirect effects of education, gender, residence, and age are clearly notable. Implications for policy and research are drawn.
A preliminary study on semen collection, its evaluation, and testicular and sperm morphometries in the wild proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus)
Authors: Zainuddin Zainal Zahari , Tarmizi Mohamed Reza Mohamed , Chee Yap Keng , Erut Alvin , Fitri Wan Nor , Salleh Annas
Published: September 2021

Introduction

The proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) is an endangered species with a declining population. This article describes the first successful attempt at sperm collection and evaluation, and the testicular and sperm morphometries of the wild proboscis monkey in Sabah, Malaysia.

Material and Methods

Eight semen collection procedures using electro-ejaculation and digital manipulation were conducted in three wild adult male proboscis monkeys. A total of 21 ejaculates were collected. The testicular biometry was measured with the aid of ultrasonography. Sample evaluation included semen volume and pH and sperm concentration, viability, and abnormality. The sperm morphometry was undertaken using phase contrast microscopy.

Results

The mean (±SD) total testicular volume of these animals was 5.77 cm3 (±1.58). Semen collection by electro-ejaculation resulted in an 84% success rate, while digital manipulation did not result in any ejaculation. Each animal showed different semen characteristics, where the volume was 5–540 μL, pH 8–9, and sperm concentration 0.041–83.00 ×106/mL. The percentage of abnormal sperm was high at 76.8% (±89.60), largely due to midpiece abnormality. Normal sperm had a spherical head and long tail with a head : midpiece : tail length ratio of 1 : 2: 8.

Conclusion

The social status of these animals may contribute to the generally low quality of the semen. The techniques and data from this study are useful for future conservation and application of assisted reproductive technology in this species.
In vivo study of the oestrogenic activity of milk
Authors: Radko Lidia , Posyniak Andrzej
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Milk has been suggested to be a possible source of oestrogenically active compounds. In order to assess the health risk for milk consumers and ensure the safety of this staple part of the human diet, it is important to study the effect of xenooestrogen mixtures present in milk. This investigation used the available in vivo model to learn to what extent such compounds may be endocrine disruptors.

Material and Methods

The recommended immature golden hamster uterotrophic bioassay was chosen. A total of 132 animals were divided into nine groups of experimental animals and positive and negative control groups, each of 12 animals. The experimental females received ad libitum either one of five samples of raw cow’s milk from individual animals or one of four samples of pasteurised or ultra-high temperature treated cow’s milk as retail products. After 7 days, the animals were sacrificed and necropsied. Uterine weight increases were measured as the endpoint of oestrogenic activity in milk.

Results

The milk samples from individual cows and the retail milk samples did not show oestrogenic activity. However, in three groups, decreased uterine weights were observed.

Conclusion

Considering that milk supplies are beneficial to health, contamination in this food should be avoided. There is a need for further animal experiments and epidemiological studies are warranted to evaluate any causative role of milk in human endocrinological disorders.
The Practice of Testimony and Social Intervention: The Roma in Montpellier, France
Authors: Anthony Philip
Published: September 2021

This project was generously funded by the Hoskins Global Scholar Program [https://www.bgsu.edu/international-programs-and-partnerships/education-abroad/scholarships/hoskins-global-scholar-program.html], which made it possible to research the situation of the Roma in Montpellier, France during the spring of 2015. This project challenges some preconceptions targeting this population and explores contemporary responses by the city of Montpellier to integrate the Roma into the mainstream society while also flagging issues that still seek resolution. It is part of the “Hoskins Papers” section of the International ResearchScape Journal.
A Cross-Cultural Qualitative Study: The Differences in Attitudes and Opinions on Advance Care Planning Among African, Caucasian, and Latino Americans
Authors: Sims Jennifer
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify African American and Latino Americans’ beliefs and attitudes about advance care planning (ACP) and compare these with beliefs held by Caucasian Americans. The objectives are to identify if there are differences in opinions between racial groups and to provide relevant information for health and social service providers. African American and Latino American participants in this study indicated many factors that affect their hesitation to utilize ACP services: spiritual and religious beliefs; family caregiving; and lack of knowledge about ACP services. Implications for practice include providing easy-to-understand information about ACP to clients of all racial and ethnic backgrounds.
Improving Maternal and Child Health in Bangladesh: The Integration of Midwives in Conjunction With the United Nations Millenium Development Goals Initiative
Authors: Casto Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

As the United Nations Millennium Development Goals initiative comes to a close, it is important to examine what has been effective in combating disparities in developing nations. In this paper I explore the impact midwives have on improving maternal and child health in Bangladesh by focusing on how the United Nations Millennium Development Goals initiative has helped to change societal views on women and birth as midwives become more integrated into improving maternal and child health. It is a quantitative and qualitative approach analyzing the statistics of implementing midwives as these impact cost-effectiveness and change in mortality rates in addition to social changes that have occurred in the culture towards maternal and child health. The paper further analyzes programs implemented by countries such as India and Sri Lanka comparatively. Data have been collected from published United Nations and governmental reports, media, and research articles. The paper concludes that the implementation of midwives has provided a cost-effective method of reducing maternal and child health in Bangladesh, and will be increasingly efficient as governmental programs continue to improve various aspects and laws of the country. It is important to analyze what is working in order to further improve maternal and child health on both a regional and global level. The use of midwives can provide a fundamental framework in communities that can aid in reducing health disparities as well as all improve all facets of reproductive wellness, providing the support needed at all stages to improve maternal and child health.
The Effect of Boiling Time on Polyphenol Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Ciplukan (Physalis Angulata .L)
Authors: Anggraini Tuty , Al-Hafit Busra , Indeswari Netty Sri , Syukri Daimon
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of boiling time on polyphenol compounds and antioxidant activity ciplukan (leaves, stems, fruit, roots and mixture of each plant part). This research used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five groups (leaves, stems, fruit, roots, and mixture of each part of the plant ) and three treatments (10, 20 and 30 minutes). The analysis for the experiment were the antioxidant activity of each part of the plant by using various incubation time, the antioxidant activity and total polyphenol for each treatment. The results showed that the duration of boiling had a significant effect on total polyphenols but no significant effect on antioxidant activity. The highest total polyphenols were obtained on leaves with 30 min boiling duration (1210.5 mg GAE / g), and the highest antioxidant activity was also obtained on leaves with 30 min boiling time (88.32%).
What Keeps a Vibrant Population Together?
Authors:   International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, Deshmukh Jayati , Srinivasa Srinath ,   International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, Mandyam Sridhar ,   International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore
Published: September 2021

Managing diversity is a challenging problem for organizations and governments. Diversity in a population may be of two kinds—acquired and innate. The former refers to diversity acquired by pre-existing social or organizational environments, attracting employees or immigrants because of their wealth and opportunities. Innate diversity, on the other hand, refers to a collection of pre-existing communities having to interact with one another and to build an overarching social or organizational identity. While acquired diversity has a prior element of common identity, innate diversity needs to build a common identity from a number of disparate regional or local identities. Diversity in any large population may have different extents of acquired and innate elements. In this paper, innate and acquired diversity are modeled in terms of two factors, namely: insularity and homophily, respectively. Insularity is the tendency of agents to act cooperatively only with others from the same community, which is often the primary challenge of innate diversity; while homophily is the tendency of agents to prefer members from their own community to start new social or business connections, which is often the primary challenge in acquired diversity. The emergence of network structure is studied when insularity and homophily are varied. In order to promote cooperation in a diverse population, the role played by a subset of agents called “global” agents who are not affected by homophily and insularity considerations is also studied. Simulation results show several interesting emergent properties. While the global agents are shown to acquire high betweenness, they are by no means the wealthiest or the most powerful in the network. However, the presence of global agents is important for the regional agents whose own wealth prospects increase because of their interaction with global agents.
Compreendendo a espiritualidade dos cuidadores de crianças oncológicas
Authors: Bruno Maria Caroline , Batista Nayara Tomazi , Trettene Armando dos Santos , Farinha Francely Tineli , Matiole Claudia Regina , Macedo Marcela Alves Gama , Silva Beatriz Duarte Zuliani da , Razera Ana Paula Ribeiro
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Compreender a concepção dos cuidadores de crianças com câncer sobre a espiritualidade e a sua influência no percurso da doença. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e transversal realizado em um hospital público, cuja amostra foi constituída por 13 cuidadores de crianças com câncer que acompanhavam seus filhos durante o tratamento oncológico. Os dados foram coletados em janeiro de 2020 por meio de entrevista composta de um roteiro de identificação pessoal e entrevista semiestruturada. Para a análise dos resultados e a discussão utilizou-se o referencial metodológico da Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Resultados: As categorias elencadas foram: a espiritualidade como sinônimo de fé e a espiritualidade como modalidade de enfrentamento e fortalecimento. Os cuidadores participantes desta pesquisa abordaram suas percepções relacionadas a fé e espiritualidade, observou-se que a fé dos cuidadores foi utilizada como sustento de esperança para defrontar o diagnóstico da doença da criança e para manter a família estruturada, sendo também responsável pelo progresso do tratamento antineoplásico. Conclusão: Desvelou-se neste estudo que a espiritualidade para os cuidadores das crianças oncológicas tornou-se uma ferramenta importante para o ciclo do câncer vivenciado por eles e pela criança, capaz de auxiliá-los no momento da descoberta da doença, perdurando durante todo o tratamento.
A rare case of recurrent cystic dilatation of the cisterna chyli treated via an interventional approach
Authors: Patel Manish J. , Patel Milan N.
Published: September 2021

A 27-year-old man with a long history of intermittent, severe abdominal pain for approximately 10 years was evaluated by interventional radiology for a retrocrural cystic lesion found on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Prior to evaluation, he was extensively worked up by several gastrointestinal specialties and multiple surgeons without clear etiology of his abdominal pain. This retrocrural cystic lesion found on MRI was thought to be the source of his cyclic abdominal pain occurring every few months. Since the pain was aggravated by the consumption of fatty foods, the patient was advised to intake a large quantity of fatty foods and return for repeat serial computed tomography (CT) scans until this cystic lesion could be identified. Once identified, he was taken back to the procedural CT scanner for drainage and embolization with a mixture of N-butyl cyanoacrylate glue and lipiodol (1:3 ratio). 3 years post-intervention, this patient is now asymptomatic with complete resolution of his pain.