bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atypical Communist Leonid Ivanchenko: Post-Soviet Years
Authors:   State University of Management, Chuev Sergey V.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the post-Soviet period of the biography of Leonid Andreevich Ivanchenko (1942–2016), a well-known participant of the left-wing movement of modern Russian history, one of the key political figures of the Don in the 1990s and early 2000s. After resigning from the position of chairman of the regional council, he focused his attention on working in the structures of Russian parliaments – People’s Deputy (until 1993), deputy of the Federation Council (1993–1995) and the State Duma (1995–2007), chairman of the Committee on Federation Affairs and Regional Policy (1996–2002). On the Don, Ivanchenko participated in the restoration of the structures of the previously banned Communist Party, was the leader of the Rostov branch. He unsuccessfully participated in the elections for the post of head of the regional administration twice (1996, 2001). As one of the leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party in 2003–2004, he publicly ex-pressed his dissatisfaction with the state of affairs in the party. In the summer of 2004, he became one of the leaders of the “schismatic” movement in the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the founders of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, and after the failure to realize this project, he retired from politics. He died in Rostov-on-Don in 2016.
Reflection of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 in Everyday Life of the Nizhny Novgorod Province
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after K. Minin, Shurshikova Anna V. , Surovegina Ekaterina S. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after K. Minin, Solomakha Elena N. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after K. Minin
Published: February 2024

In this article, the authors, using the example of Nizhny Novgorod, examined the dynamics of changes in the relationship between society and government in the Russo-Japanese War. The attitude of the classes to the war and its results, as well as the impact that the conclusion of the Portsmouth Peace had on the development of the revolutionary movement in the province were analyzed. The authors noted that in the initial stages of the war, the population of the Nizhny Novgorod province responded with a surge of patriotic sentiments, expressed in the active collection of donations, the arrangement of hospitals, and the sending of military ambulance trains to the front. However, the patriotic outburst, which manifested itself clearly at the beginning of the war, was re-placed, first by openly expressed discontent, and subsequently by a revolutionary outburst in the province, which the authorities managed to suppress with great difficulty. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the course of hostilities in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 was projected by the population on their own relations with the authorities and found a mirror image in the imperial hinterland.
Ethno-Confessional Aspects of the Existence of the Tamatarcha Zichia Church Pulpit in the XI Century
Authors:   Ekaterinodar Theological Seminary, Kostanenko Leonid A.
Published: February 2024

The article attempts to examine the history of the Zich Archbishopric of Tamatarcha in the XI century in the con-text of ethno-confessional relations that developed between the autochthonous population and Russian settlers who arrived on the Taman Peninsula due to the formation of the principality of Tmutarakan, ruled by Russian dukes. The major scientific problem, which gave rise to a number of contradictory hypotheses and assumptions in modern science, is the question of the jurisdictional affiliation of the church organization of Tamatarcha in the so-called “Russian period” in the XI century. For the purposes of the study, the main facts of the Russian ethnic presence in Taman in the XI century are considered: the peculiarities of the exercise of princely power; relations with the autochthonous population and neighboring tribes of the northwestern Caucasus; relations between the Russian princes and the church community of Tamatarcha, for which in 1022 Prince Mstislav Vla-dimirovich built a votive church of the Mother of God. Particular attention is paid in the work to the Russian church hierarchy in Tmutarakan, among which the personalities of the Monk Nikon of Pechersk and Bishop Nicholas of Tmutarakan, who was the ruling bishop of the Zich diocese during a certain period, are singled out. The ecclesiastical administration of the Tamatarch diocese in the 2nd half of the XI century is studied in the context of the state-confessional policy of the “triumvirate of the Yaroslavichs” – the leading political group of Old Russian dukes in this period.
The Role of Non-Profit Associations in the Implementation of State Cultural Policy in Relation to Domestic Entrepreneurship
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Marzoeva Angelica V.
Published: February 2024

The article examines the peculiarities of the state cultural policy in relation to domestic private entrepreneur-ship. For their analytical assessment, a conceptual distinction of social interaction at the macro, meso and mi-cro levels is introduced. State policy in the field of entrepreneurship is implemented at the meso-level, where the processes of interaction between communities and organizations take place, as well as their interests and capabilities are manifested. At the same time, public structures act as intermediaries between the state and the microlevel, that is, entrepreneurs and individuals. It is shown that non-profit organizations perform a compensa-tory function in relation to those spheres of sociocultural life of society where the direct impact of the macro-level on the micro-level is difficult, not provided with administrative resources or powers. The author gives an idea of ideally functioning parties, movements and associations in the sociocultural sphere, the interaction of which is based on complementarity, rather than on competition and struggle. Stability of such a social mecha-nism is proposed to be ensured by the creation of a branched public-state structure that collects, processes, disseminates information about socio-cultural processes, problems and vital interests of various social groups at the meso- and microlevels.
New Images of Social Reality in the Digital Age
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Przhilenskiy Vladimir I. , Przhilenskiy Igor V. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: February 2024

The process of increasing complexity of social reality must be seen as historically conditioned. The develop-ment of techniques and technologies that shape both human thinking and life is recognized as a major deter-minant of changing social reality. The main event of recent decades has certainly been digitalization, whose transformative impact on society and its institutions has been so great that a new term has appeared – the “digi-tal age”. Social reality in the digital age is being transformed by social media and virtual or augmented realities. The birth of digital reality from the spontaneous interaction of diverse realities has poorly predicted social and existential consequences. The real driver accelerating the formation of digital reality is the digitalization of the administrative and bureaucratic component of public administration. The most notable here are the provision of public services in digital format, the transfer of intradepartmental and interdepartmental interactions to electron-ic document management, a significant transformation in the nature and quality of feedback, and the manipu-lation of large amounts of data. In the process of digitalization, a reality is born that cannot be reduced to any kind of previously known realities. It is not described in ontological terms of virtuality and human existence manifests itself in it.
The Concept of Natural Law amidst the Theory of Antisystems
Authors:   Kaluga State University named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky, Fedyai Inna V. , Bulanov Artemy N. ,   Kaluga State University named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky
Published: February 2024

The article offers and justifies a new version of the origin of the theory of natural law. The authors suggest con-sidering the ideological origins of the concept of human rights in the context of the theory of anti-systems. After all, the ideological basis of this concept both in antiquity and in the Middle Ages was precisely heretical anti-systemic movements. Analyzing the concept of natural law, the authors show that this concept is revolutionary not only in social, but also in structural terms, since its position calls into question the structural matrix of civiliza-tion, all cultural and historical institutions. Thus, this concept represents a structural revolution against a formal-ized cultural-historical existence. Besides, the article reveals the relationship between the ideology of natural law and modern “eco-ideology”, attempts to introduce digital slavery and esoterism. It justifies the idea that the concept of “natural man”, as the basis of natural law, is an esoteric mechanism when, without publicly renounc-ing the content of a cultural tradition, the main worldview issues are interpreted directly opposite to this tradition.
Inclusive Principles of Sustainable Development in the Perspective of BRICS Expansion: Russia as a Driver of Global Transformation
Authors:   Institute of Public Administration and Management of the Russian Presidential Academy  of National Economy and Public Administration, Sudakova Natalia E.
Published: February 2024

The article delves into the study of the implementation of inclusive principles of sustainable development through the creation and expansion of the BRICS international association. The aim of the work is to identify Russia’s role in the global transformations of the modern world, contributing to the growing importance of this union in overcoming inequality and establishing inclusive principles of sustainable development of the human community on the way to a multipolar and polycentric world. The paper provides a retrospective analysis of the conceptualization of sustainable development goals and Russia’s role in this process. It also reveals the coun-try’s decisive role in the formation of the BRICS organization. The commitment of the BRICS to inclusive princi-ples of interaction is outlined. The expansion of inclusive discourse in the BRICS interaction space is shown. Moreover, the perspectives of the association’s expansion in the vector of inclusive multilateralism are re-vealed. It is emphasized that due to the BRICS actions, the broadest possible worldview discourse of inclusion as a universal tool for overcoming inequality is gradually being formed.
Opportunities and Threats of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Political Communications
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Urtaeva Elina В.
Published: February 2024

The article examines aspects related to the opportunities and threats of using artificial intelligence (AI) in politi-cal communications. The conclusion is drawn about the dual nature of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in political communications. Attention is drawn to the key current threats to the use of AI in political communica-tions – the spread of deepfakes and the use of AI algorithms in disinformation, manipulation of public con-sciousness or gaining advantages in the selective delivery of information to recipients. A comprehensive ar-gument is given for the depth of the problems associated with the potential use of AI in electoral communica-tions and the difficulties that arise in overcoming them. Practical measures are proposed to level out the nega-tive aspects of the potential use of artificial intelligence in political and, above all, electoral communications in the Russian Federation.
Efectos heterogéneos de la pandemia del COVID-19 sobre el empleo femenino y masculino en México
Authors: Chiquiar Daniel , Heffner Aldo
Published: February 2024

Se descompone el diferencial entre las caídas del empleo femenino y masculino durante la pandemia en México. Una parte importante del diferencial se asocia a una contracción de la oferta de trabajo de mujeres casadas con menores de edad en el hogar. Otra se deriva de una caída más pronunciada del empleo femenino informal a lo largo de los diferentes sectores de actividad y de manera independiente a la composición sectorial que tenía el empleo al inicio de la pandemia. La mayor proporción inicial de empleos femeninos en las actividades que fueron más afectadas no contribuye de manera importante.
The influence of femicide on criminal behavior: An empirical approach using economic complexity for crime prevention in Mexico
Authors: Lugo Delgadillo Max
Published: February 2024

Following the economic complexity methodology introduced by Hausmann et al. (2013), this study establishes an order of crime evolution in Mexico. This ordering is based on the complexity of crimes, as determined by the capabilities required to commit them. According to the study, the least complex crimes in Mexico include robbery in collective public transport, robbery in individual transport, counterfeiting, and auto parts theft. On the other hand, the crimes characterized by the highest complexity involve organized crime, intentional and unintentional homicide, and the trafficking of minors. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that femicide and rape exhibit the most significant centrality or influence within the criminal network. According to the model, crimes associated with violence against women are those that most increase the probability of committing another crime. Therefore, targeted prevention efforts aimed at reducing femicide and rape may substantially impact overall levels of criminality in Mexico. This study also highlights the importance of addressing violence against women in designing crime prevention policies in Mexico. Moreover, the methodology adopted in this study can be reinterpreted as a spectral clustering algorithm and thus also contributes to the literature on machine learning applications in public policy design.
Regulation through reference prices
Authors: Salgado-Torres Alfredo
Published: February 2024

We analyze the role of reference prices on competition and welfare in a circular city model where paying prices above a reference negatively affects consumers' utility. Agents interact in a three-stage game. First, a policymaker chooses a reference price; second, firms make their entry decision; finally, firms compete in prices while consumers make their consumption decisions. We find that the market price and the optimal reference price always coincide in equilibrium, reducing consumer prices and implying a net welfare gain.
Social Conflict in the Short Story ‘Ad-Dalīlu At-Tāih (The Lost Guide)’ by Najib Kailani (A Sociological Study of Karl Marx)
Authors: Lutfiana Rima , Dewi Intan Sari
Published: February 2024

تحكي القصة القصيرة "الدليل التائه" في مختارات الكابوس لنجيب كيلاني عن حياة الشخصية الرئيسية التي تريد السعي وراء الشرف. الغرض من هذا البحث هو معرفة أشكال الصراع وأسبابه الاجتماعي في القصة القصيرة. الطريقة المستخدمة هي طريقة وصفية نوعية من خلال وصف البيانات التي تم العثور عليها. تشير نتائج هذه الدراسة إلى وجود شكلين فقط هما الصراع الشخصي والصراع بين الطبقات الاجتماعية. والصراع الشخصي يوجد إحدى عشرة بيانة وأما الصراع بين الطبقات الاجتماعية خمس بيانات. بينما لم يتم العثور على أشكال أخرى من الصراع مثل الصراع العنصري والصراع السياسي والصراع الدولي. أسباب الصراع الاجتماعي في القصة القصيرة عند نظرية كارل ماركس هو التغيير الاجتماعي والطبقة الاجتماعية والسلطة. وأما المشاكل أو المشكلات الاقتصادية التى تسبب الى تكوين الطبقتين و هما الطبقة العليا والطبقة الدنيا.

Abstract

The short story "Ad-Dalīlu at-Tāih" from Najib Kailani's anthology "Al-Kābūs" explores the search for dignity by its protagonist. This research aims to identify the forms and causes of social conflict within the story. Employing a descriptive qualitative method, the study analyzes relevant data. The findings reveal two primary forms of social conflict: personal conflicts and conflicts between social classes. Eleven instances of personal conflict and five of class conflict were identified, while other forms like racial, political, and international conflicts were absent. Drawing upon Karl Marx's theories, the study attributes the social conflict in the story to factors such as social change, class structure, and power dynamics. The emergence of economic disparity leads to the formation of two distinct classes: the upper and lower classes.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE GOAL DIRECTED DESIGN PADA TRACER STUDY PROGRAM STUDI SISTEM INFORMASI UIN ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR
Authors: ERFINA  , SYAHBUDIN
Published: February 2024

Sistem tracer study yang diterapkan saat ini oleh Prodi Sistem Informasi Fakultas Sain dan Teknologi UIN Alauddin Makassar masih kurang efektif dan efesien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang sebuah sistem informasi tracer study pada Program Studi Sistem Informasi Fakultas Sains dan Tekonologi UIN Alauddin Makassar dengan mengimplementasikan user interface metode Goal -Directed Design.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan aplikasi yang dibangun mempermudah Program Studi Sistem Informasi dalam melacak data alumni serta menyajikan informasi profil alumni secara efektif dan efesien serta hasil pengujian System Usability Scale (SUS) pada sistem ini adalah 80.25 dengan grade “B” hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem ini telah layak digunakan dan dapat memudahkan dalam menyelesaikan masalah pelacakan data alumni
IMPLEMENTASI RESTORASI CITRA DERAU SALT & PEPPER, GAUSSIAN DAN SPECKLE SECARA SPASIAL DENGAN MATLAB
Authors: RIDHO SHOLEHURROHMAN  , MOCHAMMAD REZA HABIBI
Published: February 2024

Citra yang mengandung derau seringkali membatasi informasi berharga yang dibutuhkan untuk analisis citra. Restorasi citra mengacu pada pengapusan atau pengurangan degradasi citra yang dihasilkan dari proses pengambilan data atau proses akuisisi citra. Degradasi yang dimaksud meliputi derau error atau efek optik misalnya blur karena kamera yang tidak fokus atau karena goyangan kamera. Untuk menanggulangi hal tersebut, pada penelitian ini diimplementasikan restorasi citra dengan teknik secara spasial pada citra yang mengalami kerusakan akibat derau salt & pepper, derau gaussian dan derau speckle. Dari implementasi restotasi citra dan analisis pengujian MSE dan PSNR, citra derau gausssian dapat direstotasi filter median 5×5 dengan baik dan maksimal ditunjukkan dengan MSE 58,9 dan PSNR 101,23 sedangkan citra derau speckel kurang dapat direstorasi dengan filter rata-rata 3×3 yaitu dengan MSE 191,42 dan PSNR 80,75.
SISTEM KLASIFIKASI POTENSI TANAMAN PALAWIJA MENGGUNAKAN METODE K-MEANS
Authors: MASNUR  , SYAHIRUN ALAM  , MUHAMMAD ZAINAL  , MUHAMMAD ISMAIL  , ANDI WAFIAH  , FERDIANSYAH SAING  , AHMAD YANI
Published: February 2024

Tanaman palawija adalah jenis tanaman pertanian yang sangat dibutuhkan, karena kandungan gizinya yang sangat bermanfaat bagi manusia maupun hewan ternak. Oleh sebab itu, tanaman palawija menjadi salah satu target utama bagi para pebisnis atau investor pada sektor pertanian terutama mengetahui seberapa besar potensi dari berbagai macam tanaman palawija yang akan dijadikan sebagai bahan pertimbangan terhadap pengelolaannya, selain daripada itu juga berpengaruh terhadap strategi pemerintah dalam meningkatkan perekonomian daerahnya. Banyaknya data dari masing-masing tanaman palawija yang harus ditinjau pertahunnya menjadi sulit ketika hanya diperoleh dan diperhitungkan secara manual. Maka dari itu, pada penelitian ini menerapkan sistem klasifikasi untuk mengetahui dengan mudah potensi dari masing-masing tanaman palawija. Metode yang digunakan pada sistem klasifikasi ini adalah K-Means dimana akan melakukan pengelompokan data kedalam tiga clustering yang telah ditentukan. Diantaranya yaitu clustering 1 (Tinggi), clustering 2 (Sedang), clustering 3 (Rendah).
PROBLEMATICS OF ONLINE LEARNING IN INDONESIA
Authors: Nur Haerani , AR Hasniar , Damayanti Eka , Hadisaputra Hadisaputra
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
This study aims to explore the dynamics of online learning in Indonesia and reflect on the effectiveness of the teaching and learning processes. A question of interest is: How have people adapted to these changes? This was investigated via a systematic literature review (SLR), which involved 30 journal articles. Google Scholar was the source of these articles. The literature review reveals that teacher and lecturer readiness, student independence, availability of facilities, and parental support are the principal factors in determining the effectiveness of online learning across all education levels. The adaptation process is marked by deliberate attempts to enhance teaching skills (from teachers and lecturers), undergo the learning process (from students and university students), provide online learning facilities (from education providers such as schools and colleges), and offer support (from parents). Failure to adapt to any of these parties could potentially create issues that affect the effectiveness of online learning. The findings of this research can serve as a foundation for initiating programs aimed at improving the quality of online learning in Indonesia.
Abstrak:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dinamika pembelajaran online di Indonesia dan merefleksikan efektivitas proses belajar mengajar. Pertanyaan yang menarik adalah: Bagaimana masyarakat beradaptasi terhadap perubahan ini? Hal ini diselidiki melalui tinjauan literatur sistematis (SLR), yang melibatkan 30 artikel jurnal. Google Cendekia adalah sumber artikel ini. Tinjauan literatur mengungkapkan bahwa kesiapan guru dan dosen, kemandirian siswa, ketersediaan fasilitas, dan dukungan orang tua merupakan faktor utama dalam menentukan efektivitas pembelajaran daring di semua jenjang pendidikan. Proses adaptasi ditandai dengan upaya yang disengaja untuk meningkatkan keterampilan mengajar (dari guru dan dosen), menjalani proses pembelajaran (dari pelajar dan mahasiswa), menyediakan fasilitas pembelajaran online (dari penyelenggara pendidikan seperti sekolah dan perguruan tinggi), dan menawarkan dukungan (dari orang tua). Kegagalan beradaptasi dengan salah satu pihak tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan permasalahan yang mempengaruhi efektivitas pembelajaran online. Temuan penelitian ini dapat menjadi landasan untuk memulai program yang bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran online di Indonesia.
THE EFFECT OF STUDENTS’ MATHEMATICAL DISPOSITION ON MATHEMATICAL CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Arifuddin Ahmad , Wahyudin Wahyudin , Prabawanto Sufyani
Published: February 2024

Abstract:

This study investigates the effect of students' mathematical dispositions on elementary school students' mathematical critical thinking abilities. The existing problems are related to low critical thinking skills and poor mathematical disposition of students, including low curiosity, low ability to ask questions during the mathematics learning, and poor ability to provide logical reasons for communicating ideas. This research was quasi-experimental, where the participants in this study amounted to 49 5th-grade students in two integrated Islamic elementary schools in Cirebon City, Indonesia. Data was collected through a questionnaire of students' mathematical disposition and a test of mathematical critical thinking ability. The data analysis employed descriptive statistical analysis and simple regression analysis. The research found that the students' mathematical disposition significantly affects elementary school students' mathematical critical thinking ability. The significance value is significant (sig. 0.000 <0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.597. The results also reveal that students with a high level of mathematical disposition perform better in mathematical critical thinking ability than students with medium and low mathematical dispositions. So, it can be concluded that the mathematical disposition influences students' mathematical critical thinking abilities.

Abstrak:

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh disposisi matematis siswa terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa sekolah dasar. Dengan adanya permasalahan terkait rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kritis dan disposisi matematis siswa yang kurang baik, seperti rasa ingin tahu yang rendah, kemampuan bertanya ketika proses belajar matematika yang rendah serta kemampuan memberikan alasan yang logis dalam mengkomunikasikan ide-ide yang kurang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 49 siswa kelas 5 di 2 (dua) sekolah dasar Islam terpadu di Kota Cirebon, Indonesia. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket disposisi matematis dan tes kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis. Sementara itu, data hasil penelitian dianalisis melalui analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa disposisi matematis siswa berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa sekolah dasar. Nilai signifikansinya sebesar sig. 0.000 < 0.05 dengan koefisien korelasi 0.597. Hasil penelitian juga mengungkapkan bahwa siswa yang memiliki level disposisi matematis tinggi, kemampuan berpikir kritis matematisnya lebih baik dibandingkan dengan siswa yang memiliki level disposisi matematis sedang dan rendah. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa disposisi matematis berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa.
Software security: Threats, solutions and challenges
Authors: Mittal Himani
Published: February 2024

Software security is of great concern as computers have entered almost all walks of life and people at large have become dependent on technology for not only entertainment and communication but for performing tasks involving money and a lot of stake. Software security not only involves securing the software but also user data and communication media. This paper states the several types of security threats that exist since the time networking has evolved, namely, malware, Trojans, viruses, denial of service attacks, and many more. This paper reviews several measures to address these threats. It includes logging, anti-malware, network security methods, and encryption methods. It has been identified that a lot of work has been done to deal with security threats, and it is not only limited to the protection of software but also extends to the protection of data and networks. The existing methods make extensive use of artificial intelligence, and it is identified that there is a need to develop a model that is able to identify known as well as unknown threats. There is a huge scope for research in this area.
Teoria nie jest dla amatorów. Hugo Merlo rozmawia z Estêvão De Rezende Martins
Authors: Merlo Hugo R.
Published: February 2024

In this interview, Professor Estêvão de Rezende Martins, an emeritus professor at the University of Brasilia, discusses his intellectual journey and research interests in the theory, philosophy, and methodology of history and historiography. The conversation delves into the development of historical thinking and consciousness, exploring how human existence is inherently historical and how individuals relate to their experiences through cognitive operations and historical culture. Moreover, the interview explores the evolution of the theory of history in Brazil, emphasising the shift from the speculative reflections of the philosophy of history to the meth-odological rigour of the theory of history or epistemology of history. The role of academic historiography in the face of contemporary challenges, such as the recognition of non‑human or post‑human planetary agencies, is also addressed. Martins discusses the diversification of his-toriography and its autonomy in exploring previously neglected topics, along with the need for historical education to empower individuals to think independently and critically in our border-less, globalised world. Ultimately, the interview sheds light on the ongoing theoretical experi-mentation in the field of history and the potential impact on historiographical practice in the future.
Dokonania Józefa Andrzeja Gierowskiego w zakresie badań czasów saskich. Perspektywy na przyszłość
Authors: Porazinski Jarosław
Published: February 2024

The main purpose of the article is to present the achievements of J.A. Gierowski in his research into the Saxon times, i.e., the period of the reigns of August II and August III Wettin in the Polish‑Lithuanian Commonwealth (1697‑1763). For a long time, this period was assessed negatively in historiography. There was a widespread view that both for the Polish‑Lithuanian state and for Saxony, those years meant decline and catastrophe. Gierowski, who began his scientific work after World War II, carefully analysing Polish and German archival sources, created his own paradigm of research on Saxon times. After rejecting extreme assessments, Gierowski focused on the following elements of this paradigm: 1. the problem of internal reforms 2. a general assessment of the importance of the Polish‑Saxon union and its conse-quences 3. the problem of the place in Europe, i.e., diplomatic activity, and 4. the economic and social situation combined by the “one‑person rulers” of states. This model of research proce-dure has been accepted by historians.
Oświecenie w syntezach dziejów Rzeczypospolitej Józefa Andrzeja Gierowskiego (na tle ujęć Władysława Konopczyńskiego i Celiny Bobińskiej)
Authors: Butterwick Richard
Published: February 2024

The Enlightenment occupied an important place in the oeuvre of Professor Józef Andrzej Gierowski. This piece presents his evolving views on the Enlightenment in three syntheses of the history of early modern Poland and the Polish‑Lithuanian Commonwealth: two university textbooks first published in 1967 and 1978 respectively, and a book addressed to a wider, non‑academic readership first published in 2001, much of which was presented to Anglophone readers in 1996. J. A. Gierowski’s views are presented against the background of the sardonic references to “the enlightened age” and “enlightened Europe” in the synthesis published by his supervisor, Władysław Konopczyński in 1936, as well as the Marxist‑Leninist scheme of the Enlightenment forced on historiography and the humanities in postwar Poland, especially by Celina Bobińska. J. A. Gierowski’s view of “the ideology of the Enlightenment” gradually shifted from the primacy of rationalist and materialist thinking to the aim of the pursuit of happi-ness within human society. While still emphasising economic and social factors, including the role of the bourgeoisie in the Dutch Republic, England and France, he increasingly distanced himself from the model of the Enlightenment as the ideology of the rising bourgeoisie, forced on him in the early stages of his academic career. After long reflection on the question of the reception and originality of the Enlightenment in the Commonwealth, he came to appreciate the contributions of Royal Prussian burghers, the Catholic clergy and the Polish‑Lithuanian nobility. He also jettisoned the postwar dogma that the beginning of the capitalist order in Poland should be dated to 1764.
Krakowskie tradycje badań dziejów powszechnych epoki nowożytnej. Zarys problematyki: Półwysep Apeniński
Authors: Bielański Stefan
Published: February 2024

The Italian issues, especially in relation to the modern era in the context of historical research, poses an extremely interdisciplinary character. Therefore, the outline of these issues must include research related not only to the political or military history of the countries located on the Apennine Peninsula but also to the concerns of the history of culture and science as well as the history of legal and political doctrines or historiographic reflection. These examinations should be also conducted in the areas of history of culture, legal and political history, and the history of the Church, and to a much lesser extent in the area of socio‑economic history and the history of wars. In the research carried out in all these fields, one also finds issues concerning Italy and Poland’s relations with the Italian states with parti-cular emphasis put on the Holy See and the Republic of Venice. Józef Andrzej Gierowski was the author of the only Polish synthesis of Italian history. This scholar and his academic output discussing the Italian issues (including the issue of an “early Enlightenment”) held a high position in the traditions of the research on the general history of the Apennine Peninsula in the modern era. The conclusions presented in his writings indicate research perspectives which still remain valid.
Kobiety w cyfrowych strumieniach dziejów. Tematyka kobieca na polskich kanałach historycznych portalu YouTube
Authors: Werner Wiktor , Sypniewska Nell , Szymczak Zuzanna , Stachura Maciej , Stryjakowski Adam , Staszak Borys , Trzoss Adrian , Kleist Cyprian
Published: February 2024

In this article, the authors confront the thesis found in historical discourse about the dominance of male figures in historical narratives present in the public sphere. In order to do so, they analyse the new research field that is the social networking site YouTube and the most popular channels on historical topics contained therein. The main research question is whether women are marginalised in the narratives contained in the sources discussed, in which contexts they appear and what is the reception of the films in which they appear. In addition, the authors look at the question of the form of historical narratives. The study combines quantitative methods (descriptive statistics, correspondence analysis) as well as qualitative methods (Northrop Frye’s typology of story motifs. For this purpose, 551 films were analysed, which were then annotated using seven groups of tags corresponding to the content of the sources ‑ concerning the func-tioning of female characters and the subject matter of the films. As a result of the analyses carried out, it was observed that the thesis of the absolute dominance of male characters in historical narratives does not fully hold true under the conditions of Web 2.0 sources in terms of quantity, while in terms of content it cannot be accepted unreservedly in the context of the very diverse use of female themes in social media resources.
Człowiek i jego historia w muzeach. Kilka uwag w związku z 26 Generalną Konferencją ICOM w Pradze
Authors: Niezabitowski Michał
Published: February 2024

From 20th to 28th August 2022, the 26th ICOM General Conference took place in Prague. Its main theme was “The Power of Museums”. The conference was the product of a long discussion about defining the contemporary role of museums and their obligations to the past, present, and future. In the article titled: The Humans and their History in Museums. A few Reflections about the 26th ICOM General Conference in Prague the author discusses the course of proceedings and asks questions about the character and nature of the museum’s work in the field of history as an academic discipline. Some of the most important questions discussed in the paper include those on: museums’ aspirations in the field of sensual depiction of history; the relationship between the tangible and intangible heritage within museums’ method of work; the role of heritage interpretation as the basic tool of contact with the audience; and the urgent issue of neutrality and institutions’ engagement in the face of contemporary challenges. The source materials used in order to find answers to these questions are the legal acts about museums; the resolutions of the 1st Congress of Polish Museum Professionals (April 2015 in Łódź); and the definitions that constitute museums, both through legal acts on the state level and those passed by the International Council of Museums (ICOM).
Reciprocal Monogenic Septinomials of Degree 2n3
Authors: Jones Lenny
Published: February 2024

We prove a new irreducibility criterion for certain septinomials in ℤ[x], and we use this result to construct infinite families of reciprocal septinomials of degree 2
n
3 that are monogenic for all n≥1.
Problems of Reimbursement of Expenses for the Defence Lawyer’s Representation in the Case of a Judgment of Acquitta l
Authors: Šalčius Marijus , Milinis Albertas
Published: February 2024

In this article, the authors analyse problems of reimbursement of expenses for the defence lawyer’s representation in the case of a judgement of acquittal. The identification of problems is based on the analysis of EU law, ECtHR jurisprudence and the legal regulation of some European countries. During the research, it was identified that the establishment of the aforementioned right is not mandatory according to the EU law and is left to the discretion of the Member States. It was also found that realization of this right of the acquitted person often balances on the edge of the conflict between individual’s and public interest. Although the right of the acquitted person to reimbursement of the expenses for the defence lawyer’s representation is provided in all States analysed in the Article, the application of this right is quite different. In some of the analysed States, the aforementioned right is guaranteed not only to the acquitted person but also to the one in respect of who the criminal proceedings are terminated or he is partially acquitted. Taking into account the identified lack of the legal regulation in Lithuania and adopting good practices of other European countries, proposals are presented in the Article on how the legal regulation of Lithuania could be improved. According to the authors, the realization of these proposals would allow to achieve an optimal balance between the individual and public interests.
The impact of a multidisciplinary approach on elderly patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Salcudean Andreea , Vlad Anca Gabriela , Neagos Adriana , Neagos Cristian Mircea
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND. The COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating impact in terms of both somatic and mental morbidity. The most vulnerable group of patients is represented by the elderly, due to their global fragility. During the COVID-19 pandemic, research have stated that age and related comorbidities are associated with the outcome and evolution of the coronavirus infection.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. We performed a prospective observational study by applying a specific unsystematized questionnaire containing 21 questions, including patients admitted between 01.10.2021-16.03.2022 in the Internal Medicine Clinic and the Infectious Diseases Clinic COVID-19. Two hundred patients were included in the study of which the most important group was represented by the elderly. The current study aimed to demonstrate the clinical complexity of the patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach.

RESULTS. Among those patients who complained of cardiovascular symptoms such as tachycardia, palpitations, chest pains, 59.6% had no cardiac pathology, therefore they required psychiatric examination and specific anxiolytic and/or antidepressant treatment. Despite the fact that alarmingly low rates of vaccination were observed, we noticed a statistically significant association between the presence of insomnia and vaccination status: half of the vaccinated stated that they sleep as well as usual, compared to only 22.8% of the unvaccinated. We also found a statistically significant association between the presence of insomnia and peripheric oxygen saturations below 93%.

CONCLUSION. The results of our study highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary management of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially targeting the elderly and fragile patients.
Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on patients'’ quality of life
Authors: Baycheva Silvena , Georgieva Gergana , Stoykov Miroslav , Milkov Mario , Enchev Mihael
Published: February 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a very commonly spread disease, not only in Bulgaria, but all over the world. One of the reasons for this is that patients suffering from OSA find it difficult to share their problem with their treating doctor (sleep doctor or ENT specialist). Doctor-patient communication is extremely important when gaining the patient'’s trust, for the early detection and diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep disorders lead to a decrease in the quality of life, due to frequent anxiety, fatigue, depressive states, reduced cognitive and motor functions, lack of energy, headaches and sleepiness throughout the day. Improving the quality of life of patients is a primary goal of the health care system, which is conveyed in patient care aimed at reducing or eliminating the effects of diseases and their associated negative psychological and social effects. Prevention, screening and effective communication with the patient are extremely important for a successful diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders.
Factors associated with complications and mortality of deep neck abscesses in adults
Authors: García-López America Jazmin , Lugo-Machado Juan Antonio , Sainz-Fuentes Noemí , Quintero-Bauman Alejandra , Jiménez-Rodríguez Martha , Martín Edwin Miguel Canche , Reina-Loaiza José Roberto
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE. Our objective was to evaluate the factors associated with complications and death in patients with abscesses of the deep spaces of the neck.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. An observational, cross-sectional, analytical, retrospective study was conducted from 2017 to 2022. Demographic variables, comorbidities, affected spaces, management, need for tracheostomy, ICU care, presence and type of complications and death were collected. Descriptive statistics were applied as measures of central tenure and measures of dispersion, for inferential analysis; Pearson'’s Chi-square or Fisher'’s exact tests, odds ratio for risk analysis, binary logistic regression test to evaluate the predictor variables were used.

RESULTS. We included 46 cases; mean age 44.41 ±13.84 years; 60.87% male patients. As comorbidities, we found diabetes alone and diabetes with hypertension as the most frequent. Three affected neck spaces were in 44% of patients. 46% needed a tracheostomy, this parameter being significantly associated with complications (p=0.037) and mortality (p=0.037). The need for intensive care and complications revealed a p=0.000 and with a p=0.005 for mortality; days of hospitalization ≥ 11 days was significantly associated with complications (p=0.005) and death (p=0.013). Hospital stay ≥11 days were risk factors for complications (OR=1.357, 95%CI 1.037-1.776) and death (OR=1.267, 95%CI 1.004-1.598); the need for ICU and complications had an OR=78.00 (95%CI 5.726 -1062.546), ICU and death had an OR=39.000 (95%CI 3.046-499.323). The variables ICU admission, tracheotomies and hospital stay ≥11 days were predictors of complications and death.

CONCLUSION. The need for tracheostomy, ICU admission, hospitalizations ≥11 days are associated with complications and death in patients with deep neck abscesses. The same variables were risk factors and predictors of mortality and complications.
The Interests of Local Communities in the Transboundary Dimension: Considerations on the Dispute Regarding the Turów Lignite Mine
Authors: Kusiak-Winter Renata
Published: February 2024

The objective of this article is to look for the answer to the question of whether the applicable public law regulations contain adequate mechanisms enabling the realisation of the interests of local communities in the transboundary dimension. The background to the considerations will be an analysis of the spatial planning and environmental impact assessment procedures in connection with the planned expansion of the area of the open cast Turów lignite mine.
Stonehenge UFO
Authors: Düttmann Alexander García
Published: February 2024

"What embodies an artist's imperceptible tentacles and psychic antennae? How does the intangible materialize, and how does one reveal their innate ability to sense and intuit? For photographer James Smith, the answer lies in the choice of angle. His distinctive images aren't solely defined by the objects captured but by the angle's transformative power. Placed on flat fields, lawns, or derelict terrains, they confront wintry weather, save for one—a Guggenheim-like structure. Smith's angles imbue the images with both representation and orientation. They hint at secret locations on an eccentric map known to the artist alone. Time and space intertwine, blurring past and future. Smith's photography is evidence of the impossible, an enigmatic testimony that retains art's essence."
Cover image: Temporal Dislocation - Concrete Foundation (2011)
Techniques of Discovery: Cryptography and Design
Authors: Bottazzi Roberto
Published: February 2024

Among the core technologies forming the rich archaeology of computation, cryptography is perhaps a subject that has received little attention in architectural studies thus far. However, there are fruitful considerations to draw from a closer inspection of the vast repertoire of techniques that cryptography has developed over a period of about seven centuries. First of all, a deeper historical perspective will help frame cryptography as a technology for discovery rather than solely protecting military and diplomatic secrets. Secondly, these considerations can be of relevance to design as they offer thoughts for both conceptual reflections and practical applications. At a conceptual level, the symbolic, discrete computation accompanying the evolution of cryptographic methods – such as Alberti’s one in 1467 – marked a radical departure from the iconic semiotics of analogue machines. The non-mimetic nature of symbolic computation provided the technological means to significantly widen its range of applications and enhanced speculative thinking. Understood along these lines, cryptography found more general applications beyond concealing diplomatic secrets to provide a rigorous method for inquiry into unknown domains in order to make ‘noisy data’ intelligible. Finally, symbolic computation also provided more advanced techniques for abstraction that were also instrumental for constructing notational drawings, whose emergence coincided with the introduction of more advanced mathematical instruments in the renaissance.

The essay will discuss the key paradigmatic moments in the history of cryptography such as the polyalphabetic techniques proposed by L. B. Alberti in 1467 and the use of binary cryptography by Francis Bacon in 1605. Despite their distance from the present, these experiments provide a useful segue into a discussion on how the notion of cypher as a conceptual instrument accompanying the introduction of Machine Learning models in architectural and urban design.
Temporal Dislocation
Authors: Smith James
Published: February 2024

This body of work navigates the dialectical tension between the destruction and renewal of our relationship with landscapes, both contemporary and historical, and the intricacies of activities evident within constructed environments. These quasi-sculptural forms serve as poignant markers of power, class, and labor embedded in the English landscape.
The work probes the fragile equilibrium between stability and impermanence, highlighting the cyclicality of the natural world after human intervention. It seeks to illuminate how form naturally follows function, unveiling the innate aesthetics within ordinary "found" objects. These forms offer an enduring narrative of their utilitarian evolution, underscoring the beauty inherent in utilitarian simplicity.
At its core, this work is driven by phenomenological intent, bridging the gap between the photographer's deliberate framing and the casual viewer's passive encounter with these constructed landscapes. The photograph becomes a subtle language inviting viewers to reevaluate the ostensibly banal and ubiquitous. This body of work challenges the boundaries between fact and objectivity, employing angles that prompt a deeper understanding and reflective exploration of unacknowledged memories and logics. It references scientific approaches and surveys while drawing inspiration from brutalism theories and human responses to utilitarian environments throughout their evolution.
Cover image: Temporal Dislocation - Watchtower (2011)