bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertical Integration Between Providers With Possible Cloud Migration
Authors: Kostic-Ljubisavljevic Aleksandra , Mikavica Branka
Published: June 2017

All vertically integrated participants in content provisioning process are influenced by bandwidth requirements. Provisioning of self-owned resources that satisfy peak bandwidth demand leads to network underutilization and it is cost ineffective. Under-provisioning leads to rejection of customers' requests. Vertically integrated providers need to consider cloud migration in order to minimize costs and improve Quality of Service and Quality of Experience of their customers. Cloud providers maintain large-scale data centres to offer storage and computational resources in the form of Virtual Machines instances. They offer different pricing plans: reservation, on-demand and spot pricing. For obtaining optimal integration charging strategy, Revenue Sharing, Cost Sharing, Wholesale Price is applied frequently. The vertically integrated content provider's incentives for cloud migration can induce significant complexity in integration contracts, and consequently improvements in costs and requests' rejection rate.
Virtualization as the Enabling Technology of Cloud Computing
Authors: Firdhous Mohamed Fazil Mohamed
Published: June 2017

Cloud computing is the newest paradigm in computing that turned upside down the way of resource provisioning and payment. Cloud computing improves the resource utilization through virtualization enabling both customers as well as service providers to reap the benefits. Thus virtualization is the enabling technology that made this revolution possible. Through virtualization, it is possible to host multiple independent systems on a single hardware without interfering with each other. Server virtualization techniques can be grouped based how the underlying hardware and operating systems are presented to the users. In this chapter, the author takes an in depth look at how different virtualization has been implemented along with their security and quality of service issues.
Data Journalism
Authors: Veglis Andreas A. , Bratsas Charalampos P.
Published: June 2017

The introduction of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) has transformed journalism profession through the digitalization of the work process as well as the introduction of the internet along with its services. Many new types of journalism have emerged, among which data journalism, which require journalists to have special ICT skills. Data journalism is a new form of journalism which has appeared gradually during the previous years, driven by the availability of data in digital form. This article studies the issue of data journalism. Specifically, the article will include a definition of data journalism as well as a discussion on the necessary ICT skills that journalists should have in order to cope with this new type of journalism. These skills are closely associated with the stages of the development of a data journalism project. Also, the relation between data journalism and open data will be presented due the importance of the later in the development of data journalism.
Consistency Is Not Enough in Byzantine Fault Tolerance
Authors: Zhao Wenbing
Published: June 2017

The use of good random numbers is crucial to the security of many mission-critical systems. However, when such systems are replicated for Byzantine fault tolerance, a serious issue arises, i.e., how do we preserve the integrity of the systems while ensuring strong replica consistency? Despite the fact that there exists a large body of work on how to render replicas deterministic under the benign fault model, the solutions regarding the random number control are often overly simplistic without regard to the security requirement, and hence, they are not suitable for practical Byzantine fault tolerance. In this chapter, we present a novel integrity-preserving replica coordination algorithm for Byzantine fault tolerant systems. The central idea behind our CD-BFT algorithm is that all random numbers to be used by the replicas are collectively determined, based on the contributions made by a quorum of replicas, at least f+1 of which are not faulty.
The Understanding of Spatial-Temporal Behaviors
Authors: Zhang Yu-Jin
Published: June 2017

This chapter introduces a cutting-edge research field of computer vision and image understanding – the spatial-temporal behavior understanding. The main concepts, the focus of research, the typical technology, the fast development, etc. of this new field in recent years are overviewed. An important task in computer vision and image understanding is to analyze the scene through image operation on the image of scene in order to guide the action. To do this, one needs to locate the objects in the scene, and to determine how they change its position, attitude, speed and relationships in the space over time. In short, it is to grasp the action in time and space, to determine the purpose of the operation, and thus to understand the semantics of the information they passed. This is refereed as the understanding of spatial-temporal behaviors.
Designing Engaging Instruction for the Adult Learners
Authors: Swanson Karen Weller , Collins Geri
Published: June 2017

Instructional design for the adult learner is a growing field of study in higher education. Engaging instruction for adult learners will be defined in this chapter in two ways: designing courses using the significant learning taxonomy, and a paradigm shift to support faculty to involve student participation. The discussion of engaging instruction will be presenting using several research-based foundations such as Baxter-Magolda's self-authorship, Palmer's open learning environments, and Fink's significant learning taxonomy.
Taxonomy for “Homo Consumens” in a 3.0 Era
Authors: Ballesteros Carlos
Published: June 2017

We are all consumers, and we understand and recognize one another as such. Recently, however, many facets of our identity as a consumer have been arising and modeling this essence. The use of social networks, the financial crisis, and the new trends such as sharing economies may be factors of change toward new ways of understanding the relationship of the people to the market. This chapter intends to produce an overview of the different types of consumers according to their behaviors and the trends that have been emerging since the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century. Prosumer, presumer, crowdsumer, trysumer, and knowcoster are some of the terms to be analyzed and defined in this chapter, which ends with a call for consumer sovereignty.
Cyberbullying Among Malaysian Children Based on Research Evidence
Authors: Yusuf Sarina , Hassan Md. Salleh Hj. , Ibrahim Adamkolo Mohammed Mohammed
Published: June 2017

Previous studies have highlighted that the Internet offers various online opportunities to users, for example children, and that the Internet possesses great potential to boost their educational and provide health information. Scholars have emphasised the great utility of the Internet in successfully raising awareness regarding children online safety issues and enhancing social relationships. However, despite the positive effects of the Internet, it has negative effects as well. Nowadays, children and adolescent are increasingly using the Internet at younger ages, through diverse platforms and devices, and there have been rising concerns about children's safety online. The chapter investigated the level of cyberbullying among Malaysian children and discovered that the level of cyberbullying among Malaysian children is moderate. However, since the results of the study found majority of the children surveyed had experienced cyberbullying at least once, it therefore concludes that there is likelihood that cyberbullying could become a menace to the Malaysian child online.
Context-Aware Approach for Restaurant Recommender Systems
Authors: Feng Haoxian , Tran Thomas
Published: June 2017

This paper addresses the issue of how to effectively use users' historical data in restaurant recommender systems, as opposed to systems, such as FindMe, that only rely on online operations. Towards that end, the authors propose a bias-based SVD method as the underlying recommendation algorithm and test it against the traditional item-based collaborative filtering method on the Entrée restaurant dataset. The results are promising as the obtained Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) values reach 0.58 for the SVD and 0.62 for the item-based system. Researchers can extend the transformation from user behaviors to ratings in more application domains other than the restaurant one.
Comprehensible Explanation of Predictive Models
Authors: Robnik-Šikonja Marko
Published: June 2017

The most successful prediction models (e.g., SVM, neural networks, or boosting) unfortunately do not provide explanations of their predictions. In many important applications of machine learning the comprehension of the decision process is of uttermost importance and dominates the classification accuracy, e.g., in business and medicine. This chapter introduces general explanation methods that are independent of the prediction model and can be used with all classification models that output probabilities. It explains how the methods work and graphically explains models' decisions for new unlabelled cases. The approach is put in the context of applications from medicine, business and macro economy.
Evolutionary Algorithms for Global Decision Tree Induction
Authors: Kretowski Marek , Czajkowski Marcin
Published: June 2017

Decision trees represent one of the main predictive techniques in knowledge discovery. This chapter describes evolutionary induced trees, which are emerging alternatives to the greedy top-down solutions. Most typical tree-based system searches only for locally optimal decisions at each node and do not guarantee the optimal solution. Application of evolutionary algorithms to the problem of decision tree induction allows searching for the structure of the tree, tests in internal nodes and regression functions in the leaves (for model trees) at the same time. As a result, such globally induced decision tree is able to avoid local optima and usually leads to better prediction than the greedy counterparts.
Digital Literacy in Theory and Practice
Authors: Julien Heidi
Published: June 2017

The concept of digital literacy must be understood in the context of “literacies” writ broadly. Contemporary understandings of literacy have expanded the traditional definition that includes reading and writing (possibly also including numeracy and oralcy), to include interpretive and creative abilities or competencies across a range of texts, in written and other forms. Digital literacy, from a pragmatic point of view, is the set of skills, knowledge and attitudes required to access digital information effectively, efficiently, and ethically. It includes knowing how to evaluate digital information, and how to use it in decision-making. Digital literacy certainly has the potential to contribute to far-reaching and important personal and societal consequences. Thus, increasing focus on development of digital literacy, however defined, should be a policy priority for all sectors.
Could Educational Technology Replace Traditional Schools in the Future?
Authors: Hope John K.
Published: June 2017

This chapter begins by quoting Professor Wilcox noting that little had changed in schooling over the past 500 years. This chapter provides examples of how the world has changed due to globalisation and e-learning becoming mainstream, the changing needs and aspirations of the current generation of learners and the rapid development of new technologies to assist learning. All of the examples quoted suggest that traditional face-to-face schooling will change. The economic and social survival of nations depends on the quality of education of its people so some form of compulsory schooling will be needed, be it virtual or not.
Adoption and Use of Mobile Money Services in Nigeria
Authors: David-West Olayinka , Umukoro Immanuel Ovemeso , Muritala Omotayo
Published: June 2017

Nigeria, like many developing economies has been fighting financial exclusion through different mechanisms and with financial inclusion target set at 80% by 2020 by its National Financial Inclusion Strategy, mobile money has been identified as a platform for achieving this goal. Consequently, twenty-one mobile money operators were licensed by the apex bank (Central Bank of Nigeria) to provide mobile money services to millions of Nigerians as a means of bridging the gap between the financially served, the under-served as well as the un-served. Using empirical evidence from two nationwide mobile money adoption and financial inclusion surveys, and a synthesis of technology acceptance and use models, this chapter explores the causes of mobile money adoption and extent of use across the adult population. It further provides recommendations to policy makers, mobile money operators and agents as well as institutions that support the enhancement of financial inclusion towards optimizing the benefits of mobile money and realization of the 80% financial inclusion target.
ERP Systems Benefit Realization and the Role of ERP-Enabled Application Integration
Authors: Nwankpa Joseph K.
Published: June 2017

This study proposes a conceptual framework that highlights how organizations can exploit ERP-enabled application integration to improve their overall post-implementation ERP benefits while examining the moderating effects of knowledge integration mechanisms. Specifically, the study proposed that intermediate ERP benefits namely task efficiency and coordination improvement as well as existing ERP factors, namely current ERP performance and extent of ERP implementation, affect ERP-enabled application integration, which in turn influences overall ERP benefits. A firm-level survey was used to collect data, and structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. The findings support the proposed hypotheses. Significant theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Entrepreneurship
Authors: Eryılmaz Mehmet Eymen
Published: June 2017

Many people will agree on the idea that entrepreneurship is one of the most important business concepts in recent days. In addition, it is said that we are experiencing the fourth industrial revolution (or Industry 4.0). Information and communication technologies are one of the key elements of this period. Therefore, some information about these two components, “entrepreneurship” and “information and communication technologies”, are given and the possible and strong relationships between them are discussed in this study.
Carbon Capture From Natural Gas via Polymeric Membranes
Authors: Ghasem Nayef Mohamed , Rahim Nihmiya Abdul , Al-Marzouqi Mohamed
Published: June 2017

Polymeric membrane is a promising energy effective and an active alternative for conventional CO2 absorption column. The type of absorption liquid and operating parameters plays an efficient role in the ultimate absorption/stripping performance using gas-liquid membrane contactor. The gas flow rate has a significant effect on CO2 absorption performance, by contrast, it has no effect on stripping performance. Further the CO2 absorption performance in membrane contactor could be enhanced by high liquid flow rates. Because the gas–liquid contact time was a key factor to enhance the stripping flux at low temperature while liquid phase boundary layer thickness and associated mass transfer resistance is important at elevated temperature. So by controlling the liquid phase velocity and the length of module at low temperature better stripping performance can be achieved. The effect of liquid temperature on absorption performance in gas-liquid is not straightforward, since the liquid temperature cooperatively influence several factors.
Green IT and the Struggle for a Widespread Adoption
Authors: Chen Edward T.
Published: June 2017

Increasing pollution levels, consumption of electricity as well as other natural resources, and the continuous buildup of outdated computer systems in landfills are plaguing the computer systems industry. Green information technology (IT) is a sensible solution providing multiple resources and alternatives for day-to-day computer use that could reduce the negative impact on our environment without reducing the effectiveness and capabilities of the technology. This chapter describes the struggle of adoption and provides basic concepts and sustainable solutions of Green IT for businesses and individuals.
Waste Gas End-of-Pipe Treatment Techniques in Italian IPPC Chemical Plants
Authors: Battistella Gaetano , Di Marco Giuseppe , Carlucci Carlo , Manuzzi Raffaella , Bonaiuti Federica , Ndong Celine
Published: June 2017

Due to more stringent emission regulations, very efficient emission control technologies are required adopting National IPPC Permits based on BAT Conclusions. Some abatement techniques are operating inside IPPC plants based in Italy. This paper include the results of a screening of Italian IPPC Plants up to day, trying to highlight operating conditions of abatement devices and possible already existing improvements for several compounds removal. The abatement techniques analyzed operate mainly on VOC content reduction or on inorganic compounds abatement. ISPRA experience has allowed to analyze different operative conditions, related with abatement techniques and their application in IPPC permitted plants. The results of this analysis allow to suggest a possible reconsideration and new assessment for some end-of-pipe devices, in order to find other better defined operational contexts, different from actually Italian provisions and an evaluation of current operational performances of the devices, in order to improve their environmental conditions, consistently with BAT application.
Integrating Sustainability and CSR in the Value Chain of the Information Technology Sector
Authors: García de Leaniz Patricia Martínez , Ruiz María Elena García
Published: June 2017

In today´s economy information technology (IT) companies must increasingly compete for resources and customers, and consumer interests and resource scarcity are changing the way these companies do business. To stay competitive, IT companies must look beyond their own operations and consider opportunities to introduce sustainability and social responsible issues into their business strategies in order to increase resource efficiency across the entire value chain: not only at the front-end the design and manufacturing of products and packaging but also in the systematic recovery of valuable materials. By collaborating closely with value chain partners and other key stakeholders, IT companies can discover optimal solutions and drive impactful action. In this paper, the authors delve into how IT companies can promote sustainability and social responsible issues into their value chain while presenting a set of tools that these firms can use to act in a sustainable manner and obtain competitive advantages.
Serious Games Advancing the Technology of Engaging Information
Authors: Smith Peter A. , Bowers Clint
Published: June 2017

Games researchers are now moving from exploring if games can teach to how games teach. The caveat is that not all games teach but that all good games teach. Leaving a simple truth, it is hard to make a good game, no less a good game that is also educational. The real challenge is getting the people with the right design abilities to make these types of games and establish best practices and quantify what actually makes games as educational systems work. Efforts to move in that direction must begin with establishing terms and defining a framework for what goes into games for learning as formal systems.
Mastering Electronic Government in the Digital Age
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: June 2017

This article reveals the overview of electronic government (e-government); the adoption of e-government; the digital era governance (DEG) and new public management (NPM); and the significance of e-government in the digital age. E-government is the use of information and communications technology (ICT) to improve the activities of public sector organizations. E-government can open new opportunities for city and local governments to engage in governance by requiring the reforms of underlying working processes. E-government can advance the local democracy by improving the access to information and deepening the citizens' participation in the policy-making process. E-government offers a path to sustain with the civil society and the private sector to design effective services and tools to execute policies. The article argues that mastering e-government has the potential to enhance organizational performance and achieve strategic goals in the digital age.
Evaluative Dimensions of Urban Tourism in Capital Cities by First-Time Visitors
Authors: Silvana de Rosa Annamaria , Dryjanska Laura , Bocci Elena
Published: June 2017

This chapter is dedicated to evaluative component of the social representations of historic European capital cities, comparing it before and after the first-time visit that took place in the period from 2011 to 2013. Based on the set of empirical data, it presents and discusses the integrative framework for evaluation of a city conceived as a resource in responsible urban tourism. In particular, the social representations of Madrid, London and Warsaw by 420 visitors from seven different EU and non-EU countries (France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, United Kingdom and United States) are examined according to the modelling approach to the theory of social representations, focusing on the evaluative dimension present in an implicit and explicit way. Understanding how tourists assess the resource that they access, based on previous knowledge as opposed to direct experience, shall lay ground for enabling the policy makers and city planners to take into account the expectations of visitors while pursuing urban tourism development in the geo-cultural locations of European capital cities.
Interface Trends in Human Interaction, the Internet of Things, and Big Data
Authors: Gibbs William J.
Published: June 2017

In this chapter, I examine trends in today's news-orientated interfaces and the impact of digital interfaces on news consumption. Digital interfaces will be differentiated from traditional informational sources such as newspapers and television news. Additionally, I will explore several major characteristics or trends germane to today's news interfaces and their implications for how people consume news and, more generally, for how they transform information services: a) rapid innovation, b) interactivity, c) social, d) standardization, e) scale, f) media convergence and, g) the Internet of Things and Big Data.
Analysis and Assessment of Cross-Language Question Answering Systems
Authors: Gutiérrez-Artacho Juncal , Olvera-Lobo María-Dolores
Published: June 2017

Within the sphere of the Web, the overload of information is more notable than in other contexts. Question answering systems (QAS) are presented as an alternative to the traditional Information Retrieval (IR) systems, seeking to offer precise and understandable answers to factual questions instead of showing the user a list of documents related to a given search . Given that the QAS is presented as a substantial advance in the improvement of IR, it becomes necessary to determine its effectiveness for the final user. With this aim, 7 studies were undertaken to evaluate: a) in the first two, the linguistic resources and tools used in these systems for multilingual retrieval (Research 1; Research 2); and b) the performance and quality of the answers of the main monolingual and multilingual QA of general domain and specialized domain in the Web in response to different types of questions and subjects, so that different evaluation means can be applied (Research 3, Research 4, Research 5, Research 6, Research 7).
Constrained Nonlinear Optimization in Information Science
Authors: Fox William P.
Published: June 2017

This chapter provides an overview of constrained optimization methods. Background, theory, and examples are provided. Coverage includes Lagrange multipliers for equality constrained optimization with a Cobb-Douglass example from Information Science. We also provide Karush-Kuhn-Tucker for inequality constrained optimization and a production example for smart phones with inequalities. An overview and discussion of numerical methods and techniques is also provided. We also provide a brief list of technology available to assist in solving these constrained nonlinear optimization problems.
Immersing People in Scientific Knowledge and Technological Innovation Through Disney's Use of Installation Art
Authors: Lillie Jonathan , Jones-Lillie Michelle
Published: June 2017

This chapter argues that installation art is a powerful, but underused, method for presenting scientific knowledge and visions of technological innovation. It reviews Disney's extremely successful exhibits at the 64-65 fair as iconic examples of art installations designed to provide strong narrative experiences of technological innovation. Disney used different aspects of installation art to present powerful immersive installations as presentation of technological and scientific knowledge through multiple media. The goal is to identify general methods for conveying such knowledge to general, lay audiences in ways that might not only encourage greater understanding, but also inspire future generations toward scientific and technological discovery.
Cost Estimation and Security Investment of Security Projects
Authors: Miaoui Yosra , Fessi Boutheina A. , Boudriga Noureddine
Published: June 2017

This chapter aims at examining two main aspects in security project: cost estimation and investment assessment. The characteristics of security projects are stressed on and the importance of adopting management task is determined. In addition, the chapter examines the different cost estimation models developed for security project and discusses the technical and managerial factors affecting the cost estimation and the management of project. In addition, a review of research works directed toward security investment models is determined. In fact, most models have focused on determining the optimal security investment allocation based on budgetary aspect, economic, and financial constraints. Recent models are interested to examine more specific security features when assessing the required investment (e.g. system vulnerabilities, attacks type, risk factors, data privacy, and insurance). finally, the chapter discusses future directions that could be investigated to make available useful models for cost estimation and investment on security projects.
The Protection Policy for Youth Online in Japan
Authors: Saito Nagayuki , Aragaki Madoka
Published: June 2017

The OECD committee adopted the “Recommendation on the Protection of Children Online” in February 2012. It recommended establishing an appropriate online environmental policy for children, based on actual data. Arising from the international movement, the Internet Literacy Assessment Indicator for Students (ILAS) and its tests were developed; this tool aims to ensure safe and secure Internet use among 15-year-old students. This study analyzes national research data from ILAS to explore the relationship between students' backgrounds and online literacy. The results have revealed several political challenges, including the need for policies on educational awareness in low literacy areas, regional literacy differences, and the need to support children in learning to avoid risk.
Intellectual Capital Measurement
Authors: Bryl Lukasz
Published: June 2017

The aim of the article is to present the current state of knowledge concerning Intellectual capital (IC) and its measurement methods. Although IC may be estimated on the micro, macro and industry level, this paper deals with the IC measurement on the enterprise level explicitly. First part of the article is concentrated on the introduction to the IC and its main forms, second presents the most common IC measurement methods, while the third part is the analysis of controversies and usability of chosen methods.
Concept and Practices of Cyber Supply Chain in Manufacturing Context
Authors: Gani Anisha Banu Dawood , Fernando Yudi
Published: June 2017

The objective of this chapter is to discuss the concept and practices of cyber supply chain (CSC) in manufacturing context. Technological advancements are drastically transforming manufacturing industry, which in turn drives the need for a digitally integrated supply chain. While CSC has its share of benefits, it is also vulnerable to cyber threats. In order to mitigate the risks, a comprehensive security measures must be undertaken in the areas of technology, organization, governance, and culture, and integrate them into the company's established risk management processes. To ensure a resilient CSC, all members of the supply chain network must play a role to protect their respective systems from potential breach.
Measuring Low Carbon Supply Chain
Authors: Shaharudin Muhammad Shabir , Fernando Yudi
Published: June 2017

The threat of climate change is due to increasing carbon emissions of manufacturing production and transportation. Currently, Government is encouraging manufacturing to reduce carbon emission and conducting Low Carbon Supply Chain Management (LCSCM). In order to solve greenhouse gas emission dilemma, LCSCM is essential for manufacturing firm's stakeholders. Supply chain partners are expected to know the proper measurement of emissions to solve this problem. This study aim is to review literature on how to measure LCSCM. In the past, the concept of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) is practiced to promote and reduce environmental risks. However, GSCM is a driver or practice to achieve environmental outcome. The extended model of GSCM has currently practices in LCSCM through Carbon Footprint (CF) concept. In other word, LCSCM is an outcome that both researcher interests and practitioner persuades.
Notions of Maritime Green Supply Chain Management
Authors: Jasmi Fairuz , Fernando Yudi
Published: June 2017

Maritime supply chain is arguably the most imperative service sector for facilitating intercontinental trade globally. Within these complex supply chain systems, shipping organizations, port authorities and import-export firms naturally a collaborator and cooperates with each other in the broader management context of maritime logistics. Meanwhile, increasing environmental concerns have forced global maritime organizations to implement sustainability in their operation. MGSCM is a recent focus within the sustainable supply chain body of literature with ample room for understanding its challenges and opportunities. With that in mind, the objective of this paper is to review the literature on the development of GSCM and conceptualizing the notion of MGSCM concept in maritime context derived from GSCM respectively. This paper is unique because it addresses the complex dimension of ‘‘sustainability'' in maritime supply chain and try to define it in line with existing GSCM context. The findings of this paper show that GSCM can be extended into maritime perspective to define MGSCM.
Lack of Characteristics Management Causing Biggest Projects Failure
Authors: Arana Loredana
Published: June 2017

This chapter focuses on recognizing important resource aspects that can cause disruptions in a project and how to deal and manage them more effectively to reach desired outcomes. You cannot be successful only by following a project methodology, you will need to be aware of your surroundings and know how to use your resources that will be available to you. In past experiences, diverse resources have shown dramatically impact in cost management as well as the overall timeline. As a project manager you will need to be prepared to put challenges on permanent lockdown. Our overall approach was to create awareness and guide each project manager in overcoming these challenges. When looking back on previous unsuccessful projects, it was not the methodology that was deficient or the project plan but in the way that the group came together as a team. There are many complications that come into play when managing difficult project team members. Therefore, get to know your audience as well as your team; it will make a world of difference.
BYOD (Bring Your Own Device), Mobile Technology Providers, and Its Impacts on Business/Education and Workplace/Learning Applications
Authors: Smith-Ditizio Amber A. , Smith Alan D.
Published: June 2017

Outside the traditional business institutions and learning models, a number of organizations and academic institutions are looking to add bring your own device (BYOD) policies. Businesses and K-12 schools are supplying teachers with devices that can be an aid in working/learning; universities are increasingly allowing students to bring their own devices to add to the enrichment of the programs. BYOD–based technology and it applications have numerous benefits, but they can be difficult to implement. They usually result in lower costs for the business, but they often require the organization to adapt. Since there are so many constraints and situations that could inhibit the security of the business, some businesses are hesitant to use BYOD in their business.
Ethical Ambiguities in the Privacy Policies of Mobile Health and Fitness Applications
Authors: Sen Devjani , Ahmed Rukhsana
Published: June 2017

Personal Applications (apps) collect all sorts of personal information like name, email address, age, height, weight and in some cases detailed health information. When using such apps, many users trustfully log everything from diet to sleep patterns. Studies suggest that many applications do not have a privacy policy, or users do not have access to an app's permissions before s/he downloads it to the mobile device. This raises questions regarding the ethics around sharing personal data gathered from health and fitness apps to third parties. Despite the important role of informed consent in the creation of health and fitness mobile applications, the intersection of ethics and sharing of personal information is understudied and is an often-ignored topic during the creation of mobile applications. After reviewing the online privacy policies of four mobile health and fitness apps, this chapter concludes with a set of recommendations when designing privacy policies to share personal information collected from health and fitness apps.
Flying Adhoc Networks Concept and Challenges
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Verma Anil Kumar
Published: June 2017

Flying adhoc networks (FANETs) are getting popular day by day among research community due to their wide area of applications in civilians and tactical areas. FANETs are the new family member of the mobile adhoc networks (MANETs) class. Situations such as flooding, war zone and rescue operations where traditional MANETs cannot be deploy because they used ground moving nodes. FANETs can play significant role in those situations because they employ a swarm of UAVs to form adhoc network. In this chapter, FANET concept along with its applications and challenges is discussed. Towards end, future research directions in the area of FANETs are discussed.
Multimedia-Enabled Dot Codes as Communication Technologies
Authors: Ikuta Shigeru
Published: June 2017

The present author has been using new dot codes developed independently by Gridmark, Inc. and Apollo Japan, and conducting school activities with original handmade teaching materials overlaid with these dot codes in collaboration with schoolteachers all over the world. In our work, just touching the “invisible” dot codes printed on the paper or symbol icons by using a sound pen clearly reproduces voices and sounds. By using a scanner pen connected to a tablet or PC, multimedia sources such as movies, Web pages, and PowerPoint files, in addition to voices and sounds, can be reproduced on its screen. In this article, state-of-the-art dot code technology including a recently developed new application for a smart phone is outlined, and basic information regarding the creation of original handmade materials using dot codes and the use at both general and special needs schools is presented.
Clique Size and Centrality Metrics for Analysis of Real-World Network Graphs
Authors: Meghanathan Natarajan
Published: June 2017

We present correlation analysis between the centrality values observed for nodes (a computationally lightweight metric) and the maximal clique size (a computationally hard metric) that each node is part of in complex real-world network graphs. We consider the four common centrality metrics: degree centrality (DegC), eigenvector centrality (EVC), closeness centrality (ClC) and betweenness centrality (BWC). We define the maximal clique size for a node as the size of the largest clique (in terms of the number of constituent nodes) the node is part of. The real-world network graphs studied range from regular random network graphs to scale-free network graphs. We observe that the correlation between the centrality value and the maximal clique size for a node increases with increase in the spectral radius ratio for node degree, which is a measure of the variation of the node degree in the network. We observe the degree-based centrality metrics (DegC and EVC) to be relatively better correlated with the maximal clique size compared to the shortest path-based centrality metrics (ClC and BWC).
A Graph-Intersection-Based Algorithm to Determine Maximum Lifetime Communication Topologies for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Meghanathan Natarajan
Published: June 2017

We propose a generic graph intersection-based benchmarking algorithm to arrive at upper bounds for the lifetimes of any communication topology that spans the entire network of secondary user (SU) nodes in a cognitive radio ad hoc network wherein the SUs attempt to access the licensed channels that are not in use. At any time instant t when we need a stable communication topology spanning the entire network, we look for the largest value of k such that the intersection of the static SU graphs from time instants t to t+k, defined as the mobile graph Gt...t+k(SU) = Gt(SU) n Gt+1(SU) n .... n Gt+k(SU), is connected and Gt...t+k+1(SU) is not connected. We repeat the above procedure for the entire network session to determine the sequence of longest-living instances of the mobile graphs and the corresponding instances of the topology of interest such that the number of topology transitions is the global minimum. We prove the theoretical correctness of the algorithm and study its effectiveness by implementing it to determine a sequence of maximum lifetime shortest path trees.
Improving Dependability of Robotics Systems
Authors: Mahmud Nidhal
Published: June 2017

The use of robotics systems is increasingly widespread and spans a variety of application areas. From healthcare, to manufacturing, to space missions, these systems are typically conceived to perform dangerous or critical tasks. The nature of such tasks (e.g., surgery operations or radioactive waste clean-up) places high demands on the dependability of robotics systems. Fault tree analysis is among the most often used dependability assessment techniques in various domains of robotics. However, fault tree analysis of cost-effective fault tolerant robotics systems requires compositional synthesis of fault trees extended with the expressive power to allow analyzing the sequential dependencies among the components. Thereafter, a relevant experience from the automotive domain is presented. This consists mainly of a suitable synthesis approach that computes expressions of global failure conditions from the dysfunctional behavior local to the components. The benefits of the approach to dependability analysis of robotics architectures are highlighted by using a fault-tolerant example system.
From the Psychoanalyst's Couch to Social Networks
Authors: Silvana de Rosa Annamaria , Fino Emanuele , Bocci Elena
Published: June 2017

Given the important role that the psychoanalysis has played in the field of intervention on mental health for many years and the controversial debate that as therapeutical practice has been always originated and recently reactivated, it is of particular interest to discusses the actuality of the SRT fifty years later in the era of social networks. It does so by exploring the dynamics of the interchange between scientific and lay knowledge regarding psychoanalysis, psychiatry and mental health in light of a corpus of spontaneous conversations among Facebook, Twitter and Yahoo! Answers users from France and Italy compiled over a one-year period. The study enlarges psycho-social research on social networks, currently under the hegemony of sociometrics and computer science research. Briefly, in this new communicative scenario the results of our study show how different target groups act new practices, showing their positioning: users act as ‘infomediaries' of expert knowledge, providing informal help and suggestions online; experts open the doors of their “physical rooms” to “cyber rooms”.
Online Social Networking Behavior and Its Influence Towards Students' Academic Performance
Authors: Masrom Maslin , Usat Selisa
Published: June 2017

Online social networking (OSN) is an online application that has grown rapidly in prevalence and popularity in recent years. This article synthesizes the literature review concerning use of OSN in school, college and university, and academic performance of students. It offers definitions of OSN, followed by the status of current knowledge about the use of OSN and academic performance of students. Based on the secondary sources, it concludes the entry with recommendations for future research direction on the relationship between use of OSN and academic performance.
Short History of Social Networking and Its Far-Reaching Impact
Authors: Yu Liguo
Published: June 2017

This chapter describes the evolution of social networking together with its supporting technologies. Most popular social networking service providers, such as Facebook, Tencent, Twitter, and Sina Weibo are described with their market and financial data. The new business and new social relations built on social networking platforms are introduced and their impacts are discussed. The future trends of social networking are also illustrated based on the potential development of related emerging technologies. The objective of this chapter is to help readers understand the impact of technology on the functioning, evolution, and variation of socializations.
Bipolar Model in Collective Choice
Authors: Tchangani Ayeley P.
Published: June 2017

A collective choice problem is a decision problem where a certain number (possibly reduced to one) of agents, stakeholders or decision makers must select alternative(s) from a possibly large set or universe of alternatives in order to satisfy some collective as well as individual objectives. The purpose of this chapter is to consider the modeling process of collective choice problem when coping with human attitude in terms of social influence, indecision, uncertainty, etc. Using bipolar analysis that consist in evaluating alternatives by two opposite measures (a measure taking into account positive aspect of the alternative and that resuming its negative aspects) at individual level as well as community level permit in some extent to embed human attitude in the decision process.
Censorship in the Digital Age the World Over
Authors: Weaver Kari D.
Published: June 2017

Censorship is found in all human societies, but is of increasing concern and complexity in the modern, digital age. This chapter explores the history of censorship, current concerns surrounding censorship, organizations and agencies working against censorship, potential solutions, and future research in this area of study. Though censorship is unlikely to ever disappear completely, all individuals can and should be aware of it and contribute to the overall social dialogue on issues of censorship.
The Networked Effect of Children and Online Digital Technologies
Authors: Dias de Castro Teresa Sofia Pereira , Osório António , Bond Emma
Published: June 2017

Within the scope of how technology impacts on society three theoretical models: the social shaping of technology (SST), social construction of technology (SCOT) and the Actor-Network theory (ANT) are frameworks that help rethink the embeddedness of technology within society, once each is transformed and transformative of the other. More attention will be given to the ANT approach since it solves the technology/society dualisms unresolved by the previous proposals. This is a flexible epistemological possibility that can reach the ambiguity of contemporary life and the remarkable transformations brought by progress that have changed drastically childhood and children's contemporary lives.
Adopting Open Source Software in Smartphone Manufacturers' Open Innovation Strategy
Authors: Almunawar Mohammad Nabil , Anshari Muhammad , Susanto Heru
Published: June 2017

We are witnessing the rapid adoption of smart mobile devices globally, especially smartphones. Unlike cell phones, most computer functions can be performed by smartphones. The established players of cell phones have lost their grip on the market and new players have quickly captured the market's interest. Open Source (OSS) can be viewed as a kind of Open Innovation where a company outsource software needed to the community or alternatively a company can contribute its software to the community after turning it to open source software. This chapter discusses the Open Innovation and adoption of OSS in smartphone industry. The development OSS and it use in smartphones will be presented. The competition between proprietary and OSS operating systems for smartphones will be discussed as platforms or operation systems shape the smartphone industry.
Developing a Glossary for Software Projects
Authors: Abdou Tamer , Kamthan Pankaj , Shahmir Nazlie
Published: June 2017

The success of a software project depends intrinsically on effective communication among stakeholders. The purpose of a glossary is to ensure that the knowledge of the domain underlying a software project be communicated properly to all the stakeholders of that project. This chapter provides the context, the rationale, and the means for developing a glossary for software projects. In doing so, it proposes a process for developing a glossary. This process is independent of any particular application domain, software development methodology, and information technology. The approaches for representing and presenting a glossary, for the consumption of humans as well as that of machines, are discussed.
Model-Driven Software Modernization
Authors: Favre Liliana Maria , Martinez Liliana , Pereira Claudia Teresa
Published: June 2017

Modernization of legacy systems is a new research area in the software industry intended to provide support for transforming an existing software system to a new one that satisfies new demands. This chapter analyzes software modernization based on the Architecture Driven Modernization (ADM). In this context, software modernization is supported by metamodels to describe existing systems, discoverers to automatically create models of these systems and, tools to understand and transform complex models created out of existing systems. This chapter provides an overview of the-state-of-the-art in ADM-based software modernization techniques. Taxonomy of different techniques is described. A description of how traditional techniques such as static and dynamic analysis can be integrated with ADM standards is presented. This chapter also analyzes current challenges and strategic directions in software modernization.