bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LoWVR: Low Overhead Watermark based Vehicle Revocation Scheme in VANET
Authors: Mondal Atanu , Mitra Sulata
Published: August 2018

Background and Objective:

The inter-vehicle communication is a potential issue for improving
road safety, detecting traffic accidents, etc. in vehicular ad hoc network. The communication
among the vehicles in VANET must be protected from the dissemination of message by unauthorized
vehicles and the alteration of the message by misbehaving vehicles.

Methods:

In this paper, a low overhead digital watermark based vehicle revocation scheme is proposed.
The sender vehicle generates a message and a random number after observing an event. It generates
a deformed version of the generated message and message digest, and concatenates them. The
watermark bits are generated by the sender vehicle from its unique identification and the random
number. The sender vehicle embeds the watermark bits in the concatenated form of the message digest
and deformed version of the generated message, and broadcasts the embedded message for its
neighbours. The neighbour vehicles extract the required information from the received embedded
message to verify the authentication of the sender vehicle and to identify whether the sender vehicle is
an alteration attacker. It revokes unauthentic vehicles and vehicles that are identified as alteration attacker
from vehicular ad-hoc network without any dependency on the trusted third party. The cracking
probability and cracking time are used to measure the robustness of the scheme. The cracking probability
and cracking time are measured to set the design guideline regarding the size of the watermark.
The qualitative performance of the scheme is measured in terms of storage, communication and computation
overhead. The significant reduction of all such overheads is observed by comparing the qualitative
performance of the proposed scheme with two existing schemes.

Conclusion and Results:

Thus, the proposed scheme is a low overhead solution of securing vehicular
ad hoc network. Performance of the scheme is also studied quantitatively in terms of the time of verifying
vehicle authentication at the receiving end, delay in message dissemination at the sending end
and delay in message reception at the receiving end. The quantitative performance is also compared
with two of the existing schemes.
Morphological dimorphism varies across the endemic Xantus’ hummingbird (Hylocharis xantusii) genetic populations in the Baja California Peninsula
Authors: González-Rubio Sanvicente Cristina , García-de León Francisco J. , Rodríguez-Estrella Ricardo
Published: August 2018

Morphological dimorphism traits play an important role in our understanding of species evolution. In birds, sexual dimorphism occurs in a number of characteristics, such as body and shape size, wing and bill morphology. Hylocharis xantusii is the only hummingbird species endemic to the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico that has adapted to xeric conditions, associated to oases regions, and displays a sexual dimorphism on color pattern. We quantified morphological variation between males and females to determine whether morphological traits have a significant contribution to sexual dimorphism, and we analyzed if differences in morphological patterns among genetic populations of Xantus’ hummingbird existed. A morphological dimorphism was found in four of six traits analyzed, males were bigger in size (total length) with larger wings (wing chord and tail length) and wider bills (bill width). Differences in morphological traits of genetic populations were found. Individuals of southern population were in average smaller than central and northern populations while individuals from central populations had larger bills and wing chords. Northern populations had longer tails and wider bills. The results indicated that populations and sex are independent to morphological differences in Xantus’ hummingbird. The best fitted GLM shows that the altitude and oasis location related to the genetic population correctly explains the differences in tail, wing chord and bill width traits of hummingbirds along the Baja California Peninsula. We suggest that local conditions related to environmental heterogeneity and oases distribution are promoting levels of morphological differentiation. Genetic populations were already known to be result of their evolutionary history, of the phylogeographic pattern. Sexual dimorphism on morphological traits observed in H. xantusii is related in first place to ecological differences among oases, and second, related to mating and social behavior.
Composición de la dieta de Sceloporus horridus horridus (Sauria: Phrynosomatidae) en bosque tropical caducifolio, México
Authors: Castro-Franco Rubén , Bustos-Zagal María Guadalupe , Trujillo-Jiménez Patricia
Published: August 2018

Se estudió la composición de la dieta de una población de lagartijas de Sceloporus horridus horridus del centro de Morelos, México. Se analizó la diversidad del alimento, la variación entre las estaciones húmeda y seca del año, y el traslape de la dieta entre hembras y machos. Los datos fueron comparados con los de otras poblaciones de Jalisco y Puebla, México. La dieta estuvo formada por 18 grupos de insectos, donde destacan por su valor de importancia los coleópteros (69.3%), hemípteros (68.0%), formícidos (38.7%) y larvas (37.3%). Hubo variación en la frecuencia de ocurrencia y en el porcentaje de consumo de alimento entre los periodos de lluvias y secas. Un ANOVA para comparar la dieta entre hembras (H´ = 2.14) y machos (H´ = 2.08) mostró diferencias significativas entre los dos sexos. Se concluye que en lo general la dieta de la población estudiada es similar a la observada en otras poblaciones de esta especie.
Una nueva especie del género Guillarmodia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Spiraxidae) del noreste de México
Authors: Correa-Sandoval Alfonso , Barrientos-Lozano Ludivina , Strenth Ned E.
Published: August 2018

Un nuevo caracol terrestre, Guillarmodia (Guillarmodia) marcelae n. sp. Correa-Sandoval, Barrientos -Lozano & Strenth es descrita para las montañas de la Sierra Los Soldados, región del estado de Tamaulipas en el noreste de México. Esta nueva especie difiere de otras especies regionales de Guillarmodia por su tamaño pequeño y distintivas estriaciones subsuturales. Se incluye información del hábitat de la especie y de la distribución geográfica de especies relacionadas
Riqueza y abundancia de la macrofauna epigea en cuatro sistemas tropicales del estado de Chiapas, México
Authors: Mancilla -Brindis Rubén Francisco , Rangel Ruiz Luis José , Falcón-Brindis Armando , Gamboa Aguilar Jaquelina , Valdez Leal Juan de Dios
Published: August 2018

Se realizó un muestreo en cuatro sistemas vegetales con diferente grado de perturbación, (i.e. selva tropical, vegetación secundaria madura, vegetación secundaria joven y un cultivo agrícola) al norte de Chiapas, México. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las diferencias en la composición y estructura de las comunidades de macroinvertebrados presentes en la hojarasca. Para ello, se estimaron datos de abundancia (N), riqueza especifica (S), diversidad de Shannon (H´), equidad de Pielou (J) y el índice de similitud de Morisita-Horn. En cada sistema se tomaron 20 muestras colocadas al azar por medio de cuadrantes de 1 m2. Se recolectó la hojarasca y materia orgánica (humus) del cuadrante hasta una profundidad de 5.0 cm, con la finalidad de colectar únicamente a los macroinvertebrados epigeos. En total se obtuvieron 1,259 especímenes, clasificados en tres phyla, nueve clases, 26 órdenes, 61 familias, 17 géneros y 100 morfotipos. La mayor N y S se encontraron en la selva, sin embargo, la mayor diversidad (H´) ocurrió en la vegetación secundaria en etapa inicial de sucesión. El cultivo agrícola se mostró como el sistema con mayor equidad. Se observó una relación positiva entre el grado de conservación de los sistemas con la abundancia de los macroinvertebrados, pero no siempre con la riqueza de especies.
Uso de microhábitats, actividad diaria y dieta de Dendrobates truncatus (cope, 1861) (Anura: Dendrobatidae) en bosque seco tropical del norte de Colombia
Authors: Posso-Peláez Carolina , Blanco-Torres Argelina , Gutiérrez-Moreno Luis C.
Published: August 2018

Se estudió el uso de microhábitats, actividad diaria y dieta de tres poblaciones de Dendrobates truncatus en el bosque seco tropical de tierras bajas del Caribe colombiano, mediante la utilización del método de encuentro visual y captura manual. El estudio se realizó entre los meses de marzo y noviembre, durante los tres períodos climáticos del año: seco, lluvias menores y lluvias mayores. Se identificaron y muestrearon siete microhábitats usados por esta especie, la actividad se midió a través de la relación número de individuos/hora en cuatro horarios diarios. Se examinaron los contenidos estomacales de los anuros y se aplicó el método de análisis porcentual. D. truncatus presenta mayor actividad en la mañana (8:00 – 10:00) y final de la tarde (16:00 – 18:00) y usa siete tipos de microhábitats, preferentemente los de cobertura boscosa y con altos valores de humedad. Presenta preferencia marcada por el consumo de hormigas, especialmente la familia Myrmicinae y el género Pheidole. Estos resultados sugieren que la conservación de relictos de bosque seco tropical y el desarrollo de estrategias de rehabilitación del mismo se constituyen en elementos fundamentales para la supervivencia de esta especie.
Factores bióticos, abióticos y agronómicos que afectan las poblaciones de adultos de mosca pinta (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) en cultivos de caña de azúcar en Veracruz, México.
Authors: García-González Juan Carlos , López-Collado José , García-García Carlos Gilberto , Villanueva-Jiménez Juan A. , Nava-Tablada Martha Elena
Published: August 2018

Altas poblaciones de mosca pinta (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) pueden reducir el rendimiento de la caña de azúcar. El objetivo de este trabajo fue cuantificar la influencia de algunos factores bióticos, abióticos y agronómicos sobre las poblaciones de adultos de mosca pinta. Se compilaron registros del número de adultos capturados por trampa, grado de infestación previa de las parcelas, número de ninfas observadas, cobertura de maleza en el interior y en el borde de las parcelas, tiempo de muestreo, aplicación de insecticidas y entomopatógenos,  precipitación y temperatura. Los muestreos se realizaron en 15 parcelas del 2 de julio al 15 de octubre de 2014 en Veracruz, México. Los datos se analizaron con un modelo lineal mixto. La mayoría de los ejemplares adultos capturados (98%) fueron de Aeneolamia contigua (Walker, 1851). Los análisis indicaron los siguientes efectos significativos: se observó una relación positiva de las poblaciones de adultos con las ninfas de mosca pinta y la infestación del año previo de la parcela. Se presentó una relación directa entre la cobertura de malezas en el interior de la parcela y las poblaciones de adultos de mosca pinta. La relación de la maleza en el borde de la parcela con los adultos fue irregular y no significativa. Las poblaciones de ninfas tuvieron el efecto más claro sobre la presencia de poblaciones de adultos. La temperatura tuvo un efecto positivo significativo sobre los adultos, no así la precipitación ni el tiempo de muestreo. Se discuten los resultados en relación con aspectos de manejo preventivo de la mosca pinta.
Primer registro de Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius, 1787) y nuevo registro para Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche, 1849) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Latreille, 1802) en El Salvador
Authors: Pablo-Cea José D. , Velado-Cano Maryory A. , Fuentes René , Cruz Melvin , Ari Noriega Jorge
Published: August 2018

Se reporta por primera vez la presencia del escarabajo Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius, 1787). Además, se amplía el rango de distribución de Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche, 1849) en El Salvador, a partir de información obtenida de colectas realizadas a lo largo de doce años y se presenta el mapa de distribución actual de E. intermedius en el territorio. Adicionalmente, se discute brevemente la situación actual de ambas especies en el país y Centroamérica.
Redescubrimiento de una población de mono araña (Ateles geoffroyi) en la Laguna de Olomega, El Salvador.
Authors: Pineda Peraza Luis Armando , Segura Yanes Jordi Humberto , Medina Zeledón Kevin Enrique , Flores-Márquez José Isidro , Ángel López Miguel
Published: August 2018

Ateles geoffroyi es uno de los más grandes monos del Neotropico y su distribución va desde México al norte de Colombia. El mono araña (Ateles geoffroyi) en la laguna Olomega, Departmento de San Miguel (Este de El Salvador) fue reportado por última vez en 1944, hace más de 70 años. Se presenta información sobre el redescubrimiento de esta especie en el área donde se creía localmente extinto. También se considera que hay una necesidad urgente de estudiar, monitorear y proteger esta población para contribuir a la conservación de esta especie altamente en peligro en El Salvador.
Avifauna de los Pueblos Santos de la Sierra Madre del Sur de Guerrero: análisis de la riqueza y recambio taxonómico entre tipos de vegetación
Authors: Sierra-Morales Pablo , Álvarez-Álvarez Edson A. , Almazán-Núñez R. Carlos , Jiménez-Hernández Javier , Méndez-Bahena Alfredo
Published: August 2018

La Sierra Madre del Sur es una región biológicamente importante por sus altos niveles de riqueza y endemismo. En las últimas dos décadas ha aumentado la presión sobre sus recursos naturales, lo que pone en riesgo su biodiversidad. En este estudio se analizó la biodiversidad de las aves de los Pueblos Santos de la Sierra Madre del Sur en el estado de Guerrero y se evaluó el recambio de especies entre los principales tipos de vegetación presentes: bosque mesófilo de montaña, bosque de pino-encino, bosque de encino-pino, selva mediana subcaducifolia y selva baja caducifolia. El trabajo de campo se realizó en 11 meses repartidos del 2006 al 2012. La información de las especies se obtuvo mediante registros visuales, auditivos y captura de ejemplares. Las aves se categorizaron por su estatus estacional, endemismo y categoría de riesgo. Se registró un total de 136 especies de aves agrupadas en 34 familias y 15 órdenes. El bosque mesófilo de montaña presentó la mayor riqueza de especies (70 especies), seguido del bosque de encino-pino (59), selva baja caducifolia (54), bosque de pino-encino (46) y selva mediana subcaducifolia (24). En el bosque mesófilo de montaña se encontró el mayor número de especies residentes (64 especies) y en la selva baja caducifolia el mayor número de migratorias (12 especies). Se registraron 15 especies endémicas a México y cuatro cuasiendémicas, de las cuales la selva baja caducifolia presentó el mayor número de especies. Se registraron nueve especies amenazadas y nueve en protección especial. El bosque mesófilo de montaña presentó el mayor número de especies en riesgo (16 especies). Existió una mayor similitud en la composición de aves entre el bosque mesófilo de montaña y el bosque de pino-encino, mientras que la selva baja caducifolia presentó la mayor diferencia con relación a los otros tipos de vegetación. En términos de la relación riqueza-área, la biodiversidad de aves y la riqueza de endemismos en los Pueblos Santos es alta. Esta avifauna, así como los tipos de vegetación que ocupan en la región requerirán de estrategias de manejo y conservación para asegurar su permanencia a largo plazo.
Dinámica poblacional de ácaros de las familias Tetranychidae y Phytoseiidae asociados al papayo (Carica papaya L., 1753)
Authors: Abato Zárate Marycruz , Villanueva Jiménez Juan A. , Otero Colina Gabriel , Ávila Reséndiz Catalino , Reyes Pérez Noel
Published: August 2018

En el cultivo de papayo (Carica papaya L., 1753), los ácaros fitófagos se han incrementado como resultado de un desbalance en las poblaciones por el uso excesivo de plaguicidas. Dentro de los programas de manejo integrado de plagas, es importante conocer los factores que afectan la densidad poblacional de éstas. Por ello se buscó determinar la correlación espacio temporal de ácaros fitófagos y depredadores en el cultivo de papayo en Manlio F. Altamirano, Veracruz, México. Se utilizó una huerta con manejo convencional, que incluyó la aplicación de fertilizantes y plaguicidas. Se realizaron muestreos de los ácaros en hojas colectadas en los estratos alto, medio y bajo de cada planta, una por estrato, en un total de 20 plantas. Se realizaron nueve muestreos de mayo 2007 a septiembre 2008. Eoetranychus lewisi (McGregor, 1943) fue la especie más abundante en los tres estratos, seguida de Eutetranychus banksi (McGregor, 1914), que tuvo sus mayores poblaciones en los estratos bajo y medio. Se encontró a Euseius hibisci (Chant, 1959), ácaro depredador generalista, y a Galendromus helveolus (Chant, 1959), ácaro depredador especializado en alimentarse de tetraníquidos. Se presentaron dos picos poblacionales sincrónicos entre los grupos de especies de ácaros fitófagos y depredadores. Se mostraron correlaciones positivas (r2 de 0.5 a 0.6) entre las poblaciones de ácaros fitófagos y depredadores. Temperaturas medias superiores a 30 °C y lluvia mensual acumulada superior a 200 mm abatieron las poblaciones de E. banksi. Se recomienda iniciar el muestreo de ácaros desde dos meses después del trasplante, ya que en la zona Centro del estado de Veracruz existen condiciones ambientales favorables para su desarrollo.
Nuevos registros de arañas (Arachnida: Araneae) para México y listado actualizado de la araneofauna del estado de Coahuila
Authors: Desales-Lara Marco Antonio , Jiménez María Luisa , Corcuera Pablo
Published: August 2018

Se dan a conocer cuatro nuevos registros de especies de arañas para México (Herpyllus schwarzi, Nodocion rufithoracicus Phrurotimpus woodburyi y Thanatus altimontis) y cuatro registros nuevos para el estado de Coahuila (Euagrus chisoseus, Herpyllus propinquus, Latrodectus hesperus y Titanebo mexicanus). Se presenta un listado actualizado con 178 especies de arañas presentes en Coahuila, agrupadas en 100 géneros y 32 familias. Las familias con mayor número de especies fueron Gnaphosidae (39), Lycosidae (22) y Salticidae (15). El estado de Coahuila ocupa el doceavo lugar en la riqueza de arañas en México.
Registro del águila solitaria (Buteogallus solitarius, Tschudi 1844) en la planicie costera central de Oaxaca
Authors: García-Grajales Jesús , García-García Gary Abner , Buenrostro-Silva Alejandra
Published: August 2018

Presentamos el registro del águila solitaria (Buteogallus solitarius) en el municipio de Santa María Tonameca, en la planicie costera central de Oaxaca. El registro se obtuvo mediante el uso de una cámara reflex. Consideramos este informe como importante debido a la rareza demográfica de la especie y para reconocer los lugares donde se registran los individuos de B. solitarius, con la finalidad de generar acciones de protección a corto y largo plazo y mejorar su conservación.
Registros de Thraupis episcopus (Linnaeus, 1766) en la ciudad de Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
Authors: Castro-Torreblanca Marisol , Blancas-Calva Epifanio
Published: August 2018

Se registró la presencia de dos individuos de la tángara azul-gris (Thraupis episcopus) en un área urbana de la ciudad de Chilpancingo, estado de Guerrero. Estos registros son importantes porque aumenta en 250 km el límite suroeste conocido de distribución de la especie.
Heterospecific amplexus between Triprion petasatus (Anura: Hylidae) and Incilius valliceps (Anura: Bufonidae) from Yucatán, Mexico
Authors: Carbajal-Márquez Rubén Alonso , Ramírez-Valverde Tania , Quintero-Díaz Gustavo Ernesto , García-Balderas Christian M. , Cedeño-Vázquez J. Rogelio
Published: August 2018

Se documenta por primera vez el amplexo heteroespecífico entre Triprion petasatus e Incilius valliceps en la localidad de Pisté, Yucatán México. Este comportamiento ha sido documentado con anterioridad en otros anfibios, muchos de ellos también reproductores explosivos que aprovechan los cuerpos de agua temporales, en sitios con una marcada estación de secas.
Reproducción del falso vampiro lanudo Chrotopterus auritus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) en un bosque tropical húmedo de la costa pacífica de Guatemala
Authors: Álvarez-Yax Rocío A. , Gómez-Lemus Ana H. , Hernández-Fuentes Julia S. , Juárez-Bolaños Andrea P. , Pérez-Quan Katty J. , Tijerino-Escobar Donald G. , Villatoro-Castañeda Melissa , Ariano-Sánchez Daniel
Published: August 2018

Documentamos una hembra de Chrotopterus auritus en estado de lactancia con su cría presente en la parte ventral de su cuerpo. El espécimen fue capturado con una trampa de arpa en un bosque tropical húmedo de la costa del Pacífico de Guatemala, dentro de la reserva natural privada Finca Patrocinio, Quetzaltenango, Guatemala el 29 de mayo de 2017. Hay poca información sobre la biología de esta especie, especialmente en Guatemala, lo que refleja la importancia de nuevos estudios sobre el comportamiento silvestre de esta especie.
Novos tempos
Authors: Daré Paula Serafim , Vallada Candido
Published: August 2018

A Self, revista científica do Instituto Junguiano de São Paulo (IJUSP), que tem como objetivo difundir a psicologia analítica, entra em seu terceiro ano com a responsabilidade de dar continuidade ao trabalho desenvolvido até agora.
Evaluasi Nilai Difusivitas Ion Kalsium & Magnesium pada Proses "Low Salinity Waterflood" di Batuan Berea
Authors: Yusuf Yusmardhany , Purwono Suryo , Wirawan Sang Kompiang
Published: August 2018

In recent years Low Salinity Waterflood (LSW) had been supposed as trusty method to improve oil recovery and the most essential aspect is a alteration of divalent ion concentration in reservoir pore volume as a respon LSW. The objective of this paper are to find divalent diffusivity constant (Ca2+ and Mg2+) in berea sandstone by ionsmass conservation equation along with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) as validation. The study was conducted at 2 berea core having porosity : 0.235 and 0.230 and permeability : 661 mD and 550 mD, we use synthetic formation water accordance to "LN" field property. Experiment was treated by by diluting Ca2+ up to 79% from its original value and  by diluting Mg2+ up to 95% from its original value while other ion were maintained fit to their original value. As a result we got difusion constant 0.0620 cm2.min-1 and 0.2667 cm2.min-1for Ca2+ and Mg2+, respectively.
Pengaruh Variasi Organic Loading Rate Sampah Buah Jeruk terhadap Produksi Biohidrogen pada Reaktor Kontinu
Authors: Bonanza Baruna Sakti Wicaksono , Sarto Sarto
Published: August 2018

Biohydrogen is a potential alternative energy generated through the process of dark fermentation of organic waste. This research aims to determine the effect of organic loading rate (OLR) variations of orange waste on biohydrogen production. This research dealt with the production of biohydrogen in the continuous system. The reactor was equipped with circulation and operated anaerobically. The inoculum was taken from the sludge of the biogas installation in Gemah Ripah Fruit Market. Orange waste was used in three variations of organic loading rate (OLR) at 2.2, 2.5, and 3.1 L/day. The results revealed that the daily productions of gas for those OLR are about 15, 35, and 26 L/day respectively. Futhermore, for OLR of 2.5 L/day the total solid decreased from about 8 to 5%. Keywords: Biohydrogen, dark fermentation, orange waste, organic loading rate Biohidrogen merupakan salah satu jenis energi alternatif yang dapat dihasilkan dari proses fermentasi gelap (dark fermentation) sampah organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi organic loading rate (OLR) sampah buah jeruk terhadap produksi biohidrogen. Pada penelitian ini produksi biohidrogen dilakukan menggunakan sistem kontinu. Reaktor yang digunakan dilengkapi dengan sirkulasi dan dijaga pada kondisi anaerob. Inokulum berasal dari sludge dari instalasi biogas Pasar Buah Gemah Ripah. Substrat yang digunakan adalah buah jeruk, sedangkan variabel yang dipelajari adalah OLR yang divariasikan sebesar 2,2; 2,5; dan 3,1 L/hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi gas untuk OLR tersebut berturut-turut sekitar 15, 35, dan 26 L/hari. Pada OLR 2,5 L/hari, terjadi penurunan total solid dari sekitar 8% menjadi sekitar 5%. Kata kunci: Biohidrogen, dark fermentation, jeruk, organic loading rate
Pengaruh Waktu dan Konsentrasi NaOH pada Proses Delignifikasi Wheat Bran
Authors: Wulansari Devi Sepmita , Supranto Supranto
Published: August 2018

There are approximately 14.5% of whole wheat which belongs to bran and contains cellulose (33.7-40%), hemicellulose (21-26%), lignin (11–22.9%) and the other components. Cellulose is polysaccharide which is composed of 2000-3000 unit of glucose. Cellulose purification from the wheat bran can be done by the hydrolysis, followed by the processes of delignification and bleaching. The experiments were perfomed first by hydrolizing 20 grams of wheat bran using 250 mL of 2.5 N HCl solution for 2 hours at temperature of 80oC. The next process was delignification using 400 mL of NaOH solution and was conducted by varying the time in 1 hour, 1,5 hours, 2 hours, and 2.5 hours and the concentration of NaOH solution in 0.5 N; 1 N; 1.5 N; 2 N. For the last process, bleaching was performed by using 300 mL of H2O2 10% solution in temperature of 80oC for 1 hour. The sample was then dried in order to remove water content by getting the sample in the oven for 1 hour at temperature of 40oC. The goals of the experiments were to find the correlation between the variation of time and NaOH concentration to the cellulose quality in terms of the color and the structure of cellulose sample and and to the quantitative measure which was the yield of the sample. The best product was obtained at the optimum operation of 2.5 hours delignification and 1.55 N of NaOH concentration. Keywords: wheat bran, cellulose, hydrolysis, delignification, bleaching Wheat bran merupakan kulit luar gandum dengan jumlah sekitar 14,5% dari total keseluruhan gandum selain mengandung selulosa (33,7-40%), hemiselulosa (21-26%), lignin (11–22,9%) dan komponen-komponen lainnya. Selulosa merupakan polisakarida yang terdiri dari 2000-3000 unit glukosa. Pengambilan selulosa dari wheat bran dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan yakni dimulai dengan proses hidrolisis dilanjutkan dengan proses delignifikasi dan yang terakhir adalah proses bleaching. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menghidrolisis wheat bran sebanyak 20 gram menggunakan larutan HCl 2,5 N sebanyak 250 mL dalam waktu 2 jam pada suhu 80oC. Dilanjutkan dengan proses delignifikasi wheat bran pada suhu 80oC dengan menggunakan larutan NaOH sebanyak 400 mL. Proses delignifikasi dilakukan dengan membuat variasi waktu percobaan dan konsentrasi NaOH. Waktu percobaan divariasikan 1 jam; 1,5 jam; 2 jam; 2,5 jam sedangkan konsentrasi NaOH divariasikan 0,5 N; 1 N, 1,5 N; 2 N. Tahapan terakhir adalah bleaching larutan H2O2 10% sebanyak 300 mL, dan proses ini dilakukan selama 1 jam pada suhu 80oC. Hasil akhir dihilangkan kadar airnya dengan mengoven sampel selama 1 jam dalam oven bersuhu 400 C. Hasil yang akan dianalisis dari percobaan ini adalah kualitas dengan parameter struktur dan warna sampel selulosa serta kuantitas selulosa dengan parameter yield. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kondisi optimum untuk proses delignifikasi untuk nilai total tertinggi adalah 2,5 jam dan konsentrasi sebesar 1,55 N. Kata kunci: wheat bran, selulosa, hidrolisis,delignifikasi, bleaching
Model Dispersi Gas dan Vapor Cloud Explosion pada Kebocoran Outlet Pigtail Tubes Primary Reformer
Authors: Perwitasari Perwitasari , Sumardi Sumardi , Perdana Indra
Published: August 2018

Outlet pigtail tubes adalah salah satu komponen pada Primary Reformer yang berfungsi untuk membawa gas hasil reforming dari tube katalis ke manifold. Selain itu outlet pigtail tubes juga berfungsi untuk memberikan fleksibilitas yang diperlukan di dalam sistem sehingga terhindar dari overstress di bagian akhir sambungan antara pigtail dengan manifold dan bagian bawah dari tube katalis. Outlet pigtail tubes beroperasi pada kondisi ekstrim yaitu suhu 825-8500C dan tekanan 36, 2 kg/cm2 yang mana memungkinkan untuk terjadinya kegagalan. Konsekuensi dari kegagalan outlet pigtail tubes adalah dispersi gas sintesa dan ledakan awan uap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat model dari konsekuensi tersebut dengan asumsi bahwa lubang kebocoran sama dengan diameter dari outlet pigtail tubes. Model dispersi gas yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model dispersi dense gas untuk pengeluaran yang kontinu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rasio konsentrasi gas sintesa-udara tertinggi adalah 0, 1 pada jarak 17, 4 meter, sedangkan rasio konsentrasi terendah adalah 0, 002 pada jarak 163, 138 meter. Konsentrasi tertinggi dari gas terdispersi memberikan energi untuk ledakan awan uap sebesar 11, 669 x 105 kJ dengan overpressure sebesar 8, 41 kPa. Overpressure tersebut menyebabkan kerusakan pada sebagian dari bangunan rumah, terlemparnya papan, dan mempercepat kegagalan dari peralatan atau mesin disekitar area.
NILAI PARAMETER KADAR PENCEMAR SEBAGAI PENENTU TINGKAT EFEKTIVITAS TAHAPAN PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI BATIK
Authors: Indrayani Linin , Rahmah Nur
Published: August 2018

ABSTRAKSektor industri batik mempunyai peranan strategis dalam pembangunan, terutama untuk menumbuhkan tingkat penyerapan tenaga kerja serta kontribusinya dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi kreatif. Seiring dengan perkembangan industri batik yang sudah dikenal secara global, industri batik menghasilkan dampak negatif  berupa limbah cair dalam kuantitas cukup besar yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan. Dalam makalah ini dijelaskan karateristik limbah cair industri batik, tahapan pengolahan limbah baik secara fisika, kimia dan biologi, parameter uji kadar pencemar dan metode uji yang disesuaikan dengan standar nasional, sehingga limbah cair yang dibuang ke lingkungan tidak melebihi baku mutu lingkungan sesuai dengan peraturan perundangan yang berlaku. Dari nilai hasil pengujian dilakukan perhitungan nilai  efisiensi pada tiap tahapan  pengolahan limbah untuk tiap tahapan pengolahan limbah.Hasil penelitiannya menunjukkan tingkat efektivitas pengolahan limbah cair batik pada IPAL BBKB paling tinggi berturut turut pada proses pengolahan fisika dengan cara sedimentasi; pengolahan biologis dengan pemanfaatan bakteri anaerob; pengolahan kimia dengan penambahan koagulasi dengan nilai  71,69; 55,31; 40,75. Keseluruhan kadar pencemar mengalami penurunan nilai sehingga limbah cair batik dari IPAL BBKB dapat dinyatakan aman untuk dibuang ke lingkungan.Kata Kunci : industri batik; limbah cair; instalasi pengolahan air limbah (IPAL); tingkat efektivitas.
Association of Urinary Biomarkers of Kidney Injury with Estimated GFR Decline in HIV-Infected Individuals following Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Initiation
Authors: Ascher Simon B. , Scherzer Rebecca , Estrella Michelle M. , Zhang William R. , Muiru Anthony N. , Jotwani Vasantha , Grunfeld Carl , Parikh Chirag R. , Gustafson Deborah , Young Mary , Sharma Anjali , Cohen Mardge H. , Ng Derek K. , Palella Frank J. , Witt Mallory D. , Ho Ken , Shlipak Michael G.
Published: August 2018

Background and objectives

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tenofovir) is associated with elevated concentrations of biomarkers of kidney damage and dysfunction in individuals with HIV. The relationship of these kidney biomarkers with longitudinal kidney function decline is unknown.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We evaluated associations of 14 urinary biomarkers of kidney injury with changes in eGFR among 198 men and women with HIV who initiated tenofovir between 2009 and 2015 in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women’s Interagency HIV Study. Urinary biomarkers included albumin-to-creatinine ratio,α-1-microglobulin,β-2-microglobulin, cystatin C, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), IL-18, neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL), clusterin, osteopontin, uromodulin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, EGF, trefoil factor 3, and chitinase 3-like protein 1. We used multivariable linear mixed-effect models controlling for demographics, traditional kidney disease risk factors, and HIV-related risk factors to evaluate associations of baseline biomarkers with first-year changes in eGFR, and associations of year 1 and first-year change in biomarkers with changes in eGFR from year 1 to year 3. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method to identify a parsimonious set of biomarkers jointly associated with changes in eGFR.

Results

Median eGFR before tenofovir initiation was 103 (interquartile range, 88–116) ml/min per 1.73 m2. During the first year of tenofovir use, eGFR decreased on average by 9.2 (95% confidence interval, 6.5 to 11.9) ml/min per 1.73 m2and was stable afterward (decrease of 0.62; 95% confidence interval, −0.85 to 2.1 ml/min per 1.73 m2per year). After multivariable adjustment, higher baselineβ-2-microglobulin, KIM-1, and clusterin were associated with larger first-year eGFR declines, whereas higher baseline uromodulin was associated with a smaller eGFR decline. First-year increase in urinary cystatin C and higher year 1 IL-18 were associated with larger annual eGFR declines from year 1 to year 3. The parsimonious models identified higher pre-tenofovir clusterin and KIM-1, lower pre-tenofovir uromodulin, and higher year 1 IL-18 as jointly associated with larger eGFR declines.

Conclusions

Urinary biomarkers of kidney injury measured before and after tenofovir initiation are associated with subsequent changes in eGFR in individuals with HIV.

Podcast

This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2018_08_28_CJASNPodcast_18_9_S.mp3
The Topic of Mining in Secondary School Literature Textbooks from 1850 to 1950
Authors: Božic Zoran
Published: August 2018

During the first century of secondary school literature textbook publishing (from the introduction of Slovenian language as a school subject after the March Revolution in the Austrian Empire to the first Five-Year Plan after World War II) over a hundred texts featuring the topic of mining and related activities were included. The first writings have a clearly affirmative attitude towards mining, perceived and presented as a way of promoting general prosperity. The first mentions of the negative aspects of mining and the deceptive folly of coveting precious mineral resources appear towards the end of the 19th century. Only during the interwar period, however, were there various texts which presented mining as an inhumane and dangerous activity. After World War II the approach was again optimistic: in central literature textbooks mining was depicted as the glorification of socialist progress. Relevant texts were published in eight series of textbooks, the first as early as in the Bleiweis series for lower secondary schools in 1850 and the last in the ethnic Slovenian Beli?i? series of textbooks in 1947. The discovery of mercury in the Idrija mine was described by Valvazor, Kastelic, Hrovat and Oblak.
When American Exceptionalism Isn’t Exceptional: Consumer Arbitration in the United States
Authors: Steiner Mark E.
Published: August 2018

The United States takes a unique position in allowing binding pre-dispute arbitration clauses in consumer contracts. This article uses the failure to regulate or prohibit the use of pre-dispute arbitration provisions in nursing home agreements as a means of understanding the current state of pre-dispute arbitration clauses in consumer contracts in the United States. State laws or judicial rules that regulate arbitration clauses in nursing home contracts are routinely blocked by federal courts. Efforts in the U.S. Congress to prohibit such clauses in nursing home contracts have been unsuccessful.
Approach to the Amendment Process of the Procedural Penal Codes in Latin America
Authors: Torres López Hardy
Published: August 2018

The current article aims to provide the reader with a close view of the genesis of the movement and later the development of the Amendment Process of the Procedural Penal Codes that took place in Latin America at the end of the XX century and at the beginning of the XXI century, trying to focus in the common aspects that such a change had for the region and the challenges that the different Latin American countries had to face at the moment in which they had to implement a new Procedural Penal Code; as will be shown, those challenges were approached by all these states from diverse perspectives and not in a uniform way. At the conclusion of this article, a prognosis will be given regarding the road to be followed to solve some critical loopholes that still persevere.
French Liberal School of the Second Half of 19th Century. On Political Freedom
Authors: Bochkarev Sergei V.
Published: August 2018

The article seeks to analyze political and legal views of the French liberal school of the second half of 19th century on freedom as a whole and on political freedom in particular.
Clashes of Opinion at the Time of Drafting the Satversme of the Republic of Latvia
Authors: Lazdiņš Jānis
Published: August 2018

The article is dedicated to the 95th anniversary of the Satversme of the Republic of Latvia (hereinafter – the Satversme or basic law), adopted on 15 February 1922. According to constant jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Latvia and Latvian legal doctrine, the Satversme must be interpreted as a basic law void of internal contradictions or as “a coherent whole”. This does not apply to the procedure of drafting and adopting the Satversme. Adoption of a number of Articles caused noteworthy debates and clashes of opposite opinions at the Constitutional Assembly (Satversmes Sapulce). In particular, these were Articles on the procedure for electing the President, guarantees for independence of the judicial power, as well as the freedom to strike. This research focuses upon analysis of these issues.
Expropriation of Property for Public Purposes: Common Interests of the Public and Protection of Owner’s Rights
Authors: Balodis Kaspars
Published: August 2018

The right to property is an economic right of the most extensive scope. It is protected not only by the Civil Law, but also the Satversme [Constitution] of the Republic of Latvia. Expropriation of property to ensure public needs is admissible, if the owner is compensated for the decrease of assets linked to the loss of property. Legal problems related to protection of the owner’s rights in the expropriation of immovable property have been repeatedly dealt with in the judicature of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Latvia. The legislator, in turn, has amended legal regulation to improve protection of the owner’s rights. This article assesses the way in which in Latvia, upon expropriating immovable property for public needs, balance between public interests and the owner’s rights is ensured. The article advances a thesis that the primary type of fair compensation is money and not other kind of compensation.
Problems of Classifying an Aggregation of Criminal Offences
Authors: Liholaja Valentija , Hamkova Diāna
Published: August 2018

This article analyses an aggregation of criminal offences as one of types of multiplicity of criminal offences and the problems of its qualification. The issue is topical from both theoretical and practical point of view, since the process of applying legal norms is often associated with difficulties in determining whether a separate (unitary) criminal offence has been committed, or a multiplicity of criminal offences is to be established; errors are made in distinguishing a factual aggregation of criminal offences from the legal institute, such as collision of legal norms. By emphasising different elements of the said legal institutes, recommendations correspondent to practice needs, which are based on the legal framework, conclusions of the theory of criminal law and of case-law, as well as analysis of practice are offered. Particular attention is paid to compound criminal offences, the structure of which includes serious consequences, reference to the application of violence or inflicted bodily injuries, and in the process of qualification of which one has to encounter the formation of a conceptual aggregation, which is related to serious problems in practice. Likewise, the authors establish that the legislator, in designing the norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Law, has failed to observe all the conditions of development thereof. Thus, a conceptual aggregation of criminal offences, which, in our opinion, should be an exception in cases of compound criminal offences, becomes a regularity authorised by the legislator. Likewise, the article provides a reasoned opinion on the qualification solution in the event if one criminal offence is a way (tool, method) by which another criminal offence is committed, as well as on the formation of an aggregation of criminal offence stipulated by CL Sections 177 and 178 implemented in practice, thus violating provisions of collision of general and special norms included in CL Section 26 Paragraph five.
Idea of Strict Liability in Private Law
Authors: Kārkliņš Jānis
Published: August 2018

The article contains analysis of several aspects of strict liability and the criteria of its application, providing an insight into this complex concept of liability. The article contains analysis and opinion about the meaning and the role of strict liability and its differences with other models of liability. The author also explores the role of fault in the strict liability doctrine, as well as causation as a fundamental question of strict liability. The examined issues are analysed from the standpoint of theoretical sciences, thus allowing other legal scholars to use the conclusions outlined in the article in their scientific work.
Significance of Principles of Penal Law in Administrative Law
Authors: Danovskis Edvīns
Published: August 2018

The article examines legal regulation of sanctions imposed by public administration, and argues that all the sanctions imposed by institutions of public administration, at least in legal doctrine, should be considered as being a discrete sub-branch of administrative law, in the legal regulation of which and in application of sanctions the principles of substantial and procedural law that are common with penal law should be complied with. A separate section of the article is dedicated to one of these principles – institution of limitation.
The Value of a Rapid Access Internal Medicine Clinic – An Observational Perspective
Authors: LeBlanc Ryan Joseph , Jongewaard Karmen , Farrell Laura
Published: August 2018

Background: Rapid access Internal Medicine (IM) clinics aim to reduce burden on inpatient services.  Despite an increased prevalence of these clinics across Canada, there is a lack of evidence demonstrating their value.Methods: An observational retrospective review was undertaken to identify the usage of our IM clinic.  A prospective analysis of Internal Medicine Clinical Teaching Unit (CTU) diverted admissions and a subsequent cost benefit analysis was performed.Results:  Referrals were primarily from emergency room physicians (47%) and general practitioners (34%). Of the requests for admission over a 4 week period, 6.1% were diverted with clinic follow-up within four days.  Over $30,000 of inpatient care costs were prevented over the study period.Conclusion: Rapid access IM clinics help reduce demand on emergency departments and inpatient services.  A significant percentage of hospital admissions may be avoided by implementing rapid access clinics.  Further study is needed to better quantify the overall benefit.
Proton Pump Inhibition in the Management of Hypokalemia in Anorexia Nervosa with Self-Induced Vomiting
Authors: Wainwright Natalie Jane , Azim Arden , Neary John David
Published: August 2018

Hypokalaemia is a dangerous complication in severe cases of eating disorders with self-induced vomiting and can result in rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and death. Self-induced vomiting leads to hypokalaemia through two pathways.  First, loss of gastric acid causes hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis, which increases filtered bicarbonate load in the nephron (exceeding the tubular resorptive threshold), and subsequently increases distal sodium bicarbonate delivery.  Secondly, hypovolaemia causes activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis. Increased distal sodium delivery and mineralocorticoid activity together cause urinary potassium wasting.  Standard management of severe hypokalaemia in patients with anorexia or bulimia nervosa and persistent self-induced vomiting includes intravenous replacement of potassium and correction of hypovolaemia. However, hypokalaemia is often refractory in eating disorder outpatients who have ongoing self-induced vomiting after discharge. We present a case of hypokalaemia due to anorexia nervosa, binge-purge subtype with self-induced vomiting successfully treated with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in addition to standard therapy.
Unilateral Medullary Sponge Kidney
Authors: Neira Rodrigo , Barrera Diego , Astroza Gaston
Published: August 2018

A 40-year-old female with an allergy to medium contrast, presented with bilateral loin pain and renal colic type radiation. Image study with non-contrast computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple nephrolithiasis and a complex cyst at lower pole of the right kidney and no findings in the left one. The patient was treated with laser lithotripsy by flexible ureterorenoscopy revealing multiple lithiasis within cystic dilatations of the urothelium. The complex cyst was submitted to partial nephrectomy. Finally, biopsy demonstrated that it was renal parenchyma with polycystic changes in the external corticomedullary area. All findings were compatible with unilateral medullary sponge kidney diagnosis.
Contact-induced grammatical (non)changes? Observations of morphosyntactic structures in the Kashubian dialect in Canada
Authors: Nomachi Motoki
Published: August 2018

This article considers the context of language contact and discusses four
typologically relevant morphosyntactic features (definite and indefinite
articles, the merger of instrumental and comitative cases, and the
non-pro-drop tendency) and their possible changes in the Kashubian dialect in
Canada. A comparison of the data on the Kashubian dialect recorded in Prussia
during the mid-19th century by Hilferding and in the present-day by the
author in the Renfrew area (Ontario, Canada) revealed no significant
difference, even though the Kashubian spoken in the area has undergone
various innovations due to the influence of English. Both grammatical and
sociolinguistic analyses of the history of the contact situation suggested
that the conservativeness of grammatical changes in the dialect can be
explained by the prolonged isolation of the speakers in their new homeland,
and by the fact that the intensive language contact and collective
bilingualism between Kashubian and English are relatively new phenomena.