bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporality and situational logics in the labour process
Authors: Moth Rich
Published: January 2023

This chapter offers an overview of emergentist Marxism (EM). It begins with EM’s account of political economy and the labour process as a basis for exploring the interplay of structure, culture and agency within mental health services. EM proposes that, in spite of processes of subsumption, aspects of past conjunctural settlements in mental health services remain embedded in the present in the form of multiple, sedimented material structures and ideational frameworks. The alignments and frictions between emergent and sedimented features create a variety of situational logics that are encountered by practitioners and service users as they navigate this uneven and differentiated terrain. These logics play a crucial role in shaping the forms of knowledge articulated and types of practice enacted.
Biomedical residualism and its discontents
Authors: Moth Rich
Published: January 2023

This chapter begins by exploring discontent with currently dominant situational logics within mental health services, before identifying countervailing logics and forms of resistance. It then goes on to consider how the latter might inform the development of alternative ‘thick’ social-relational approaches (social perspectives) in this setting, and the collective agents and particular forms of agency through which these might be realised.
Globalisation and devolution
Authors: Wistow Jonathan
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses on globalisation, the political economy and social policy, including how the wealthy capitalist economies have been complicit in strengthening the hand of capital. The global ‘race to the bottom’ has limited the ‘possibility space’ for social policy development through lowering corporation taxes, deregulating financial and labour markets and cutting welfare spending. Focusing on examples of climate change adaptation and the COVID-19 pandemic, the consequences of neoliberalism for social policy delivery are explored. Reduced capacity and increased fragmentation have impacted on the resilience of health and social care systems to external shocks. Neoliberalism and NPM have weakened the local state in England and, therefore, its role in shaping the social contract. In considering devolution, it is argued that greater powers and resources will enhance the responsiveness and accountability of the local state to its citizens and strengthen local democracy. Finally, Brexit is explored as a consequence of the social contract and a possible intensification of its trajectory.
Conclusion
Authors: Wistow Jonathan
Published: January 2023

The social contract both creates significant social problems associated with inequalities and ties the hands of social policy as an effective means of meeting the size of the challenges accumulated in society. This final chapter of the book makes the case to change the conditions in which social policies are designed and delivered, in order to make them more effective. However, through considering contemporary social attitudes it is argued that these attitudes fluctuate within the ‘possibility space’ of the social contract and, therefore, represent a degree of homeostasis within a political economy heavily influenced by neoliberalism. The political economy requires a ‘phase shift’ to recalibrate complex systems in order to make them more tractable to social policy objectives. The chapter concludes through suggesting a range of measures of the type required to achieve a phase shift in society.
Theorising care and relationships in the age of migration
Authors: Bailey Martin
Published: January 2023

Living arrangements and the provision of care for older people in India have been affected by migration. This is particularly salient given that Indian diaspora is the largest in the world. Hence, one can expect the trends in transnational migration to have a particular impact in the Indian context. However, and perhaps more importantly, the chapter will explore the patterns of internal migration within India. This is an important corrective to the focus on transnational migration as levels of internal migration far outweigh the extent of international migration. Therefore, this chapter examines both internal and international migration to understand how families establish, maintain and retain transnational and transregional care relations. In so doing, we draw on 1) theories of migration, 2) global chains of care and 3) life course theories to frame how migration decisions are related to life-course transitions and care provision. The life-course approach focuses on life events and transitions of individuals and the ways in which these events define their life trajectories. In particular, we will draw on the concept of ‘linked-lives’ to show how older people’s life-course transitions, for example going into care, are linked to the migration decisions of their offspring. With increasing urbanisation and migration we will see emerging trends of global and transregional chains of care to supplant and complement care deficits for vulnerable populations left behind, especially older adults.
Introduction
Authors: Henrickson Mark
Published: January 2023

The chapter sets out the scope and argument of the book that the origins of contemporary social work are found in Judaeo-Christian scriptures, Christian theologies of the 4th century CE, and Reformation Calvinism. Modern constructions of poor and marginalised persons remain remarkably consistent with these historical roots, even though modern social workers may understand themselves as non-religious. A fundamental tension exists between social control, which ensures social stability, and social care, which benefits the individual. Charles Taylor’s notion of the evolution of the social imaginary – the set of values, beliefs, laws, institutions, and symbols which shape the way we think of our society – from a vertical to a horizontal one, has been instrumental in the way the poor have been conceptualised. The scope of the book considers how human beings have addressed inequalities, the poor and vulnerabilised persons throughout history. Understanding these roots will enable social workers to consider if and how they will create a global future.
Liberalising the poor
Authors: Henrickson Mark
Published: January 2023

Social welfare reforms and the social imaginary of responses to the poor effectively came full circle during the 20th century. Calvinist-informed classical liberalism gave way to the welfare state in the UK and an increased role for government assistance in the US. During the reconstruction of the UK following the Second World War, the welfare state took over the functions of social assistance in much the same way as it had throughout Europe after the Great Plague of 1347–50; the Established (Anglican) Church formally acknowledged that reality in 1948 and ended the Constantinian contract. In the US, psychiatric social work came to dominate. The New Deal increased the role of the state in caring for the aged, the infirm, and employed the unemployed. Neoliberalism resulted in a civic retheologising of social assistance throughout most Western liberal economies, including Latin American nations. Order was maintained by enforcing conformity to dominant social values up to and including incarceration. As poor relief was taken up by secular authorities after the Great Plague of the mid-14th century, so the responsibility for establishing and maintaining social control was taken up by states who used the power of poor relief to enforce approved morals and behaviour.
A global perspective
Authors: Henrickson Mark
Published: January 2023

Social care has been a common feature of societies around the world for millennia. Each society and culture has developed ways of working with the poor, the sick, and the marginalised largely shaped by its own religious, spiritual, or cultural beliefs. This chapter briefly considers social care in Hindu, Buddhist, Confucian, Taoist, Shintō, indigenous African, and other indigenous cultures. In most of the world, relational values dominate, although Western values of individualism have been imposed in many of these cultures through a history of trade, colonisation, and missionisation. One of the challenges to Western social work is to become aware of how profoundly its values have been shaped by Christian values and Western epistemologies. That awareness can help shape genuine respect for other cultural assumptions and approaches. Contemporary global discussions about a global future for social work will not be about social care and social work as much as they will be about the fundamental beliefs and values of each culture and finding common ground.
Women, Welfare and Productivism in East Asia and Europe
Authors: Chau Ruby , Yu Sam
Published: January 2023

This book examines how productivist thinking impacts women’s welfare, care and work. A new ‘life-mix framework’ is introduced to explore women’s life-mix patterns and preferences – ways they adopt or prefer in organising their working and caring lives. The discussion is based on empirical evidence from the comparison of four policy domains (namely, childcare leave policies, early childhood education and care, active labour market policies and pensions) in France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, South Korea, Sweden and the UK. Guided by the five elements of the life-mix framework (namely, life-mix preferences, policy strategies on productivism, welfare models on work and care, welfare outcomes and policy suggestions), the analysis shows that both work and care are essential elements of production, and productivism is a common feature in both East Asian and European welfare policies. To promote an inclusively productive society, the principle of protected autonomy in life-mix is introduced to emphasise that people’s (men’s and women’s) material life should be protected regardless of their life-mix patterns and preferences. A pro-care dimension should be added to contemporary welfare ideas and international welfare agendas to supplement their current pro-work orientation. A supported adult carer model is suggested to complement existing welfare models on work and care to ensure support is available for adults who have diverse and dynamic life-mix patterns and preferences. These proposed changes aim to create more favourable conditions for both men and women, workers and carers, to face challenges in their personal lives and major crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Using arts-based methods to explore existential issues around ageing
Authors: de Bruijn Paola , Jansen Erik
Published: January 2023

This chapter presents an arts-based research method enabling the study of existential dilemmas regarding ageing by using the visual artwork as a medium to evoke a profound dialogue between researcher and respondent. The application of the method will be shown in an arts-educational setting – focusing on the existential dimensions of life. The method is based on Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS: Housen, 1997; Yenawine, 2013), an art education method for conducting conversations on attentive and conscious perceptions of visual artworks. To further enhance the focused engagement with artworks, VTS has been expanded with a set of eXisTential Reflective Additional questions (XTRA: Bruijn & Jansen, 2019). This allows the VTS XTRA method to be applied in social work settings for use by workers and researchers to gain insight into older people’s existential questions making use of visual artworks. The research setting for our case example is the application of VTS XTRA with ageing visitors of the ‘Special Award’ exhibition in the Dutch Nicolaïkerk in Utrecht. The Special Award is a national competition for visual artists with a disability, organised by the Special Arts foundation. In its peripheral programme, ageing visitors were invited to participate in conversations by looking at the artworks during a VTS XTRA session. These discussions generate data for an ongoing doctoral study of the first author (PB) on the pedagogical utility of art with respect to existential questions.
Mixed arts-based methods as a platform for expressing lived experience
Authors: Shemer Orna , Shahar Eitan
Published: January 2023

‘A joint fate’ was the topic chosen by the co-researchers, young adults with disabilities, as one of the topics of the research that they wanted to study in-depth. In the preparatory meeting concerning collection of data on the topic they discussed that many songs, some of which are protest songs, were written by people who shared a joint fate and the desire to change their situation in society, like Bob Marley. Therefore, they decided that this would be the topic they would study by writing poems. In the research meeting, they invited the co-researchers to work in groups and to find people among them who shared a fate and to express this in a song/poem that they would present. The data that were collected included the poems, the discussion about them, and the ways in which people participated in the discourse. We used poems, stories, plays, photographs, cards, and other methods in the participatory action research (PAR) that we undertook together with young adults with disabilities. The study explored their lives in preparatory programmes for independent living that were run by the NGO, Gvanim. In our research, we explored together the meaning participation in Gvanim’s programmes had for the young adults. By employing different artistic instruments, we had a varied platform, which allowed the young adults to connect and to express their meaningful knowledge – their knowledge from experience, expressed through arts. Turning life experiences into expert and meaningful knowledge from which theoretical insights could be formulated, and actions that can have social impacts designed, was made possible via art.
Arts-based methods to support and reveal new mothers’ and families’ experiences: a positive parenting and feminist approach
Authors: Hermida Lucía Hervás
Published: January 2023

The situation of families and the transition to new motherhood are experiencing deep changes globally. Parental roles and family models are transforming from traditional ones. There is a growing concern about family needs and family’s socialising and educational function, which has led to the development of the positive parenting approach and family support measures, focusing on supporting parenting roles for optimal child development. But, what are mothers’ needs and challenges within their parenting role? What is their perspective of what parenting means? We have observed that, despite the advances made in terms of women’s rights and equality, motherhood still has profound implications for women’s lives and identities, as it is related to strong social expectations. Usually, maternal care is undertaken from within the physiological and medical frameworks, but such care rarely takes into account the emotional, relational, and cultural aspects of the transition to motherhood. In fact, cultural representations mostly show an idealised image of motherhood, making real mothers’ first-hand experiences invisible. From an intersectional feminist perspective, there is the need to develop new references and the collective imagination of what being a mother means. What kind of models of motherhood do we want to create? What could be the role of arts-based methods for understanding the needs of new mothers and family support? This chapter will present a research project set in Spain, which focused on exploring and evaluating arts-based support for new mothers and families (Hervás Hermida, 2018). The programme is in response to the Comprehensive Plan for Family Support 2015–2017 (Council of Ministers of Spain, 2015) and is focused on addressing the socio-cultural dimensions of reproduction and nurturing.
Building research capacity: scaffolding the process through arts-based pedagogy
Authors: Lay Ronald P.M.H.
Published: January 2023

Research into arts-based interventions is complex as art cannot be directly translated into words. Increasingly, there has been a global incessant call for research into using the arts in a range of mental health disciplines. Ongoing debates over methodology, primarily quantitative and qualitative, persist and this just may affect one’s decision to engage in research. However, research is needed for a range of reasons including providing evidence of the integrity of a discipline, asserting core competencies of practitioners, for third party and stakeholder purposes including advocacy, the formation of relevant laws, protections, and access to services, and, of course, to highlight emerging trends and contemporary best practices to effectively address a plethora of the complex needs of clients. As such, arts-based practitioners are uniquely situated to make significant contributions to the research base given their direct engagement with the arts with individuals, families, communities, and society at large (McNiff, 2013; Thomas et al., 2020). Art is rich with metaphor and symbol, and often can be accessed and applied when answers to questions are not easily obtained nor addressed through words alone, even if the art may seem abstract at first (McNiff, 2013; Chilton et al., 2015; Boden et al., 2019; Potash, 2019; Thomas et al., 2020). Indeed, art is not the opposite of research as in the dichotomic paradigm of arts versus science, but rather art, and art making, are a type of research in and of themselves, just as research can also involve creativity and nonlinear engagement (McNiff, 2013; Kapitan, 2018).
Venture philanthropy and the rise of external actors in Australian education
Authors: Rowe Emma
Published: January 2023

In 2010, a major report into education funding culminated in historical firsts for Australia, namely the introduction of a government-mandated charity which would enable individuals, corporations, and businesses to leverage deductible gift recipient (DGR1) status by granting money to disadvantaged schools. Public schools would now have a national online platform to crowdfund for their school. Despite this, the introduction of the national charity has been little explored in academic literature or research. This chapter seeks to follow policy actors and policy mobility which led to the rise of venture philanthropy in Australian education, and the emergence of a national charity aimed at bridging the gap between big business and schools. The chapter follows one major policy actor, David Gonski, and an associated funding report initiated by the government. It draws on network ethnography and social network visualisers in order to illuminate new forms of power cartography in Australian public education, remapping traditional nation-state boundaries.
Social Work And Critical Gerontology: Why The Former Needs The Latter
Authors: Donnelly Sarah , Torres Sandra
Published: January 2023

This chapter sets the scene for how critical gerontology, with its dual emphasis on macro and micro levels of analysis and theory construction, embracement of interdisciplinary perspectives, and its activist agenda for emancipatory social and economic change, offer new ways of approaching social work with older people which strongly aligns with the underlying values of the profession. By introducing the readers to the key features of a critical gerontological lens, this chapter argues that at a time when population ageing is not only increasing the sheer number of older people that social workers meet, but also their diversity, we need to expand the way in which we make sense of ageing, old age and the life-course in ways that resonate better with the changes we are seeing and the challenges that these changes pose in upholding the human rights of older people. The chapter provides an overview as to where currently critical gerontology sits within social work research, education, policy, and practice and explores why we need it, and outlines where we need to go, in order for it to be fully adopted by the social work community globally.
Human rights and older people
Authors: Harbison Joan R.
Published: January 2023

Social work is often referred to as a human rights and social justice profession (International Federation of Social Workers, 2014). The chapter explores the meaning of human rights for older people, and for the social workers who work with them in their search for social justice. It takes the position that human rights are not fixed but are both dynamic and complex. It follows that they pose complicated and difficult questions rather than providing answers. The challenge to social work is to address this complexity. The chapter begins with a discussion of how human rights instruments have failed to serve older people and their agency well. Instead, they substitute a rhetoric of rights. It considers the reasons for the limited progress of ongoing international efforts to address this failure. It argues that the dominance of the biomedical model of ageing, and constraints on old age identities, are central to this status quo. It concludes that the task for critical gerontological social workers is to respect the agency and support the abilities of the older people with whom they work, to demand their human rights, and to achieve social justice.
The context of online safeguarding
Authors: Bond Emma , Phippen Andy
Published: January 2023

The context of online safety, and its policy evolution, has been dominated by protecting children and young people in online spaces. The statutory focus, such as the UK government’s Online Safety Bill, continues with an approach that looks towards prohibition, rather than empowerment, while ignoring an evidence base that calls for inclusive approaches. Reflecting upon the impact of this policy direction related to adults, the risks associated with being online, for example grooming and exploitation (both sexual and financial), are poorly understood in multi-agency perspectives and are in conflict with the needs of individuals who might be at risk of harm online. With little formal training in adult safeguarding practice, and a dearth of research around adult online safety, professional practice falls back, instead, on personal experience, and biases arise from personal use of technology, which presents challenges to effective and consistent support of adults at risk.
Policing, mental health and the criminal justice system
Authors: Cummins Ian
Published: January 2023

This chapter will begin with a brief consideration of how mental health issues can affect decision making across the CJS. The chapter will then examine police powers under the MHA and the protections offered to vulnerable adults by PACE.
Compulsory Income Management in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Marston Greg , Humpage Louise , Peterie Michelle , Mendes Philip , Bielefeld Shelley , Staines Zoe
Published: January 2023

More than a decade on from their conception, this book reflects on the consequences of income management policies in Australia and Zealand. Drawing on a three-year study, it explores the lived experience of those for whom core welfare benefits and services are dependent on government conceptions of ‘responsible’ behaviour. It analyses whether officially claimed positive intentions and benefits of the schemes are outweighed by negative impacts that deepen the poverty and stigma of marginalised and disadvantaged groups. This novel study considers the future of this form of welfare conditionality and addresses wider questions of fairness and social justice.
Recalibrating Social Security And Reimagining Work
Authors: Marston Greg , Humpage Louise , Peterie Michelle , Mendes Philip , Bielefeld Shelley , Staines Zoe
Published: January 2023

The final chapter takes a global perspective on economic and social security and considers new and emerging risks that income support systems must respond to in the twenty-first century, which include shifting demographics in terms of age and household formation, increased geographical mobility, new forms of precarious labour associated with changes in technology and environmental risks resulting from climate change. There is a need to revisit first principles when determining the primary policy goals of a social security system. Addressing the inadequacy of income support payments, ensuring decent employment and training opportunities, and providing accessible social services is a better starting point for creating healthy, economically secure and socially inclusive communities, compared with blunt and punitive policies that are pushing ordinary citizens further towards the margins of their communities.
Introduction
Authors: Drew Michael
Published: January 2023

Chapter 1 explains that, while food poverty has a low profile in Ireland, it has re-emerged as a growing social policy concern. It is a relevant and important topic that needs our attention, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic. The chapter introduces the literature on poverty, food poverty and food insecurity, together with related definitions. It outlines how the book uses its research findings to explore the policy drivers of food poverty, leading to consideration of policy responses to address its root causes. Finally, it guides the reader through the chapters that follow.
Pathways into food poverty
Authors: Drew Michael
Published: January 2023

Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 present the results of interviews with food bank users in Dublin. The overarching framework of trajectories into (Chapter 5) and through (Chapter 6) food poverty for participants in the study. These two chapters set out a thematic analysis these chapters is a pathways approach, which assesses the different of the data generated from interviews, involving more than 40 participants. The discussion identifies important social policy issues that impact on these pathways.
The coloniser’s model/neoliberal state of the world
Authors: Gahman Levi , Smith Shelda-Jane , Penados Filiberto , Mohamed Nasha , Reyes Johannah-Rae , Mohamed Atiyah
Published: January 2023

Chapter 3 focuses largely on neoliberalism, with specific attention paid to policies and discourses that both shape and affect health, education, and knowledge more generally. In addition to providing a definition of neoliberalism and demonstrating how it operates differently across varying geographical contexts and social institutions, the chapter critically discusses global health, biopower, docility, surveillance and the ways in which neoliberalism not only shapes the global economy and governance, but also psyches and subjectivities. The chapter highlights how universities are being corporatised and inculcating the people who learn and work in them with neoliberal ideology and market-oriented subjectivities by advocating extreme individualism, self-centrism (protagonism), capitalist mentalities and consumerism. Overall, Chapter 3 offers a sobering glimpse of the realities of neoliberal education before transitioning to ideas about how things can be changed.
Modernity-coloniality and Indigenous realities
Authors: Gahman Levi , Smith Shelda-Jane , Penados Filiberto , Mohamed Nasha , Reyes Johannah-Rae , Mohamed Atiyah
Published: January 2023

Chapter 4 offers a sharp genealogy and dissection of modernity and the ways in which it is inextricably linked to colonial worldviews and imperial power. It also offers a dedicated look at the realities and struggles of Indigenous people, in particular, the Zapatistas. The chapter defines and illustrates key terms and concepts related to imperialism, coloniality, modernity and decolonisation. In discussing the historical and ongoing trajectories of colonialism, the chapter provides readers with an overview of the ways in which life, labour and land have all been expropriated, commoditised and de-sacralised via Western-liberal worldviews and capitalist rationality. It also offers a dedicated focus on different phases of the Zapatista struggle, and how their communities, as Indigenous people, are responding to the colonial-capitalist enterprise by constructing grassroots autonomy.
Dispossession, extractivism and violence
Authors: Gahman Levi , Smith Shelda-Jane , Penados Filiberto , Mohamed Nasha , Reyes Johannah-Rae , Mohamed Atiyah
Published: January 2023

Chapter 5 touches on the consequences of resisting exploitation, extraction and ‘development’, as well as the realities of environmental defenders and what movements like the Zapatistas offer us in the way of building alternatives and changing the world. The chapter also explains the ways in which the driving forces of capital accumulation continue to perpetuate land grabbing across the globe, as well as how Indigenous and peasant communities engage in resistance and confront the expropriation of traditional territories and resources. In addition to evidencing the political agency of communities in struggle who are challenging state-sanctioned violence and the environmental degradation that results from corporate extraction, the chapter illustrates the ways in which land defenders and water protectors are criminalised and subjected to reprisal because of their resistance.
Critical consciousness and praxis
Authors: Gahman Levi , Smith Shelda-Jane , Penados Filiberto , Mohamed Nasha , Reyes Johannah-Rae , Mohamed Atiyah
Published: January 2023

Chapter 6 includes a synopsis of a constellation of transformative concepts such as critical consciousness, praxis, feminist politics and solidarity that the authors feel are essential to be aware of, but are either being suppressed or sidelined in mainstream education. Drawing from the work of Paulo Freire and his critique of the banking model education, as well as a host of liberatory feminist thinkers, the chapter highlights how education can be put at the service of freedom. It also offers an accessible explanation of the role that colonial power, race and heteropatriarchy have in contemporary systems of domination and exploitation. In addition the chapter provides a summary of how borders and nationalism continue to be used to divide, ‘Other’ and conquer, as well as the pivotal role of feminist ethics and dissent in challenging oppression.
Researching further education and putting a critical embodied research methodology into practice
Authors: Smith Rob , Duckworth Vicky , Tuckett Alan
Published: January 2023

The focus of Chapter 2 will be to provide detailed insights into how we carried out the research and the way we gathered additional material. The contextualisation of the research will be a key focus. The diversity of the participants necessitated an exploration of their views framed by a commentary on the wider educational landscape. Participants engaged with the project because they had a positive story to tell so we develop a rationale for moving from a deficit paradigm and using a qualitative approach and explore the use of narrative while foregrounding the principle of seeing and undertaking research as a social practice. Finally, we develop a justification for extending the research through the use of two quantitative surveys and present some of the findings from them.
Stories of transformative teaching and learning
Authors: Smith Rob , Duckworth Vicky , Tuckett Alan
Published: January 2023

At the heart of the book, Chapter 4 will present the voices of students and teachers from the research as they have recounted their experiences to us but also, where relevant, the voices of parents and employers that sometimes assume great importance within these narratives and the journeys they take both within and outside the classroom. For us, these stories communicate how further and adult education is a force not just for individual development but for addressing social inequality. These are powerful and affecting stories of the triumph of individuals over difficult and often sharp and painful circumstances. They illustrate how transformative teaching and learning has a positive and courageous ripple effect into families and communities. The examples we present highlight the importance of the teacher’s role, how transformative educational experiences connect with parenthood and can take place even areas of provision (like apprenticeships) in which students are structurally and discursively positioned in objectified ways.
Transformative teaching and learning and education leadership
Authors: Smith Rob , Duckworth Vicky , Tuckett Alan
Published: January 2023

Chapter 6 explores the implications of the research findings for the ways in which leadership and governance play out and are typically conceptualised in further (and to a lesser extent adult) education settings. As part of this, we critique the recent Area Reviews and discuss what they tell us about the breakdown of the architecture of further and adult education. Rather than viewing leadership as the psychological characteristic or property of individuals in senior positions, this chapter conceptualises it as a characteristic of the actions of staff at all levels within colleges. To illustrate this, we draw on teachers’ accounts from the project, showing how a transformative educational experiences depend on teachers building relationships with students in a co-produced differential space that is actively distanced from and buffered against the destructive effects of funding, accountability and performance-driven cultures. Leadership, as the enabled agency of all staff in a further and adult education provider, is necessary if the conditions conducive to transformative teaching and learning are to be met.
What needs to be done
Authors: Smith Rob , Duckworth Vicky , Tuckett Alan
Published: January 2023

Chapter 8, the concluding chapter, suggests what needs to be done to build and strengthen transformative teaching and learning in further and adult education. It offers important re-imaginings of some of the major structural change that is necessary for the potential of post-schooling transformative education to be fully realised. It proposes the changes to funding, leadership and the influence of local as opposed to central government that are necessary to create the conditions in which transformative teaching and learning can flourish and contribute fully to bringing about a more socially just society.
Keywords, concepts and terminology
Authors: Marovatsanga Washington , Garrett Paul Michael
Published: January 2023

The chapter engages with keywords, concepts and terminology related to concepts discussed in the book, such as race, racism, cultural competence, diversity, multiculturalism and disapora, that may be insufficiently interrogated in social work and kindred fields. In this sense, the chapter provides a vital and accessible resource for readers seeking to engage with often complex themes. Here, the authors also put in place a solid conceptual foundation for the rest of the book.
Conclusion
Authors: Marovatsanga Washington , Garrett Paul Michael
Published: January 2023

In this chapter it is argued that it is important to acknowledge that what we might term ‘Afro-Hibernian lifeworlds’ are pluralistic and , and social work services must begin to engage with those inhabiting and creating such worlds in a much more nuanced and informed way. In short, there is a need to evolve more intellectually curious, rigorous, pluralistic forms of social work inquiry and practice. Hence, those committed to promoting more progressive and benign forms of social work education must aspire to reform their dominant paradigms and ways of working.
The Public Problem of Waste
Authors: Hird Myra J.
Published: January 2023

Chapter 1 introduces readers to how different stakeholders (concerned and unconcerned citizens, politicians, scientists and engineers, industry representatives, community groups and so on) define and understand waste. Waste’s ontology and epistemology – what waste is and how we know what it is – profoundly influences how we respond to its material proclivities.
Mission: Reconstruction
Authors: Walker Margath A.
Published: January 2023

At its core, Marcusean Critical Theory emphasizes the incorporation of revolutionary politics, pushing us towards different possibilities which negate present-day power relations. Chapter 3 explores the reconstructive aspects of Marcuse’s writings through current P/politics. Using ‘Twitter politics’ (which I define as the call for social change by digital means) and the Open Borders movement as examples, I assess how and whether these instances of political action enact preconditions for liberation, which include: the uses of immanent critique; the power of negative thinking; and the politics of refusal. These three constructs enable new spaces of resistance, reflecting the quest for the production of alternative subjectivities through praxis.
New Sensibilities
Authors: Walker Margath A.
Published: January 2023

The final chapter advocates a ‘meso’ socio-spatial positionality which retains the oppositional politics so crucial to Marcuse’s own work and simultaneously diversifies the Marxist project. How, for example, can Marcuse’s adapted philosophy help us to understand the prospects of technologically driven social movements such as #metoo? In this chapter, the major tenets of the book are applied to everyday circumstances in order to evaluate the possibilities for the production of new spaces of political action.
AI Violence
Authors: McQuillan Dan
Published: January 2023

Chapter 3 looks at the entanglement of AI with systemic social structures. It starts with the way AI poaches its legitimacy from science. This authority acts as cover for AI’s role in increasing neoliberal precarity and austerity, spreading the social logic of financialization into everyday life. The chapter examines AI’s enrolment by institutions of the state, especially welfare systems, and the way it amplifies thoughtlessness and administrative violence. It closes with AI’s operation as a technology of racialization, its similarities to genetic determinism, and the way it becomes a candidate mechanism for a modern race science.
How Eastern Europeans Became Less White
Authors: Kalmar Ivan
Published: January 2023

A new racism against Eastern Europeans, which this book calls ‘Eastern Europeanism’, includes Central Europeans among its targets. Eastern Europeanism was needed to racialize Central Europeans in order to attribute their continuing ‘immaturity’ as Western-style liberal democracies and as capitalist market economies, not to the conditions of a wild wave of privatization and the colonial-style domination of their economies by ‘globalized’ capital, but rather to some obscure and Eastern essence, to an ingrained character that forever tied them to the backwardness of less than fully European Russia.This chapter locates Eastern Europeanism in the history of racialization, explains that race is not necessarily a matter of skin colour, and focuses on this and other cases of racism by white people against white people.
The Last of the White Men: Central Europe’s White Innocence
Authors: Kalmar Ivan
Published: January 2023

Although illiberal Central Europeans are passionately critical of what they see as the liberal establishment of the West, they in fact see themselves the true guardians of the West’s real heritage: they are the real Europeans. This view of Central Europe is espoused enthusiastically by white nationalists and illiberals in the West also, who see Central and Eastern Europe as the last bastion of the White Man. But, more subtly, Western liberals, too, may project pure whiteness onto the East of Europe, to avoid uncomfortable questions of race and racism in the West. The case studies included in the chapter are drawn from fantasy cinema.
‘Have Eastern Europeans No Shame?’ Anti-Semitism, Racism, and Homophobia in Central Europe
Authors: Kalmar Ivan
Published: January 2023

Anti-Semitism, Islamophobia, colour racism, and homophobia in Central Europe are rampant and dangerous. The open expression of hate has become more common there than in much of the West, both among the general public and at the highest levels of political leadership. Yet hate in Central Europe is not entirely different in form from the West, nor does it stem from completely different causes.
The Market as an Institution: Theory and History
Authors: Casson Mark
Published: January 2023

The rhetoric of capitalism highlights the benefits of deregulation and free trade, but in practice major markets have always been quite highly regulated. Buyers and sellers cannot operate without trust, and trust is underpinned by formal market rules enforced by reputable institutions. Markets allow buyers to compare the prices and qualities of competing products. These products are supplied by entrepreneurs, who ‘intermediate’ between the workers they employ and the customers they serve. They allow workers to produce goods they do not consume, and customers to consume goods that they do not produce. Workers can specialise according to their aptitudes and training, and consumers can purchase according to their income and tastes. The modern market economy developed in thirteenth century European towns and was stimulated by local and national regulation. Regulation became increasingly standardised as international trade expanded from the sixteenth century onwards. Today economies use a mixture of real and virtual markets; the market structure is the same, but communication is digital rather than face to face, and the product is not collected from a shop but delivered to the door.
Social Positions ‘and’ Mental Disorders
Authors: Brossard Baptiste , Chandler Amy
Published: January 2023

Does the position someone holds in their society influence and/or result from their mental health? Manifold studies have demonstrated a ‘relationship’ between several measures of social position and rates of various mental illnesses: in general, the lower people are in the social hierarchy, the higher their chance of experiencing some mental health-related difficulties. This consistent finding represents a major component in our understanding of the social genesis of mental disorders. But the sociology of mental health and illness, now that it has unveiled significant correlations, should focus more on explaining these. After critically outlining major findings from the field of mental health inequalities and stratification, this chapter charts three broad, emerging perspectives within contemporary research which particularly advance knowledge in this research area: intersectional, configurational, and definitional.
The Uses of Culture
Authors: Brossard Baptiste , Chandler Amy
Published: January 2023

The observation that mental disorders are not the same from one geographical and cultural area to another has been used to suggest that disorders are rooted in the sociocultural conditions in which they emerge. This chapter first introduces pioneering works that established connections between psychiatric disorders and culture, before presenting the main current theoretical positions on this matter, structured around the inclusion of ‘culture-bound syndromes’ in the DSM-IV. The ways in which social scientists associate culture and mental health in contemporary research is discussed, before presenting critical propositions to provoke renewed engagement with the notion of culture. Inspired by anti-psychiatry, neurodiversity, mad studies and disability studies, the chapter sketches emerging avenues that approach mental health beyond the ‘deficit narrative’. Finally, a critical examination of attempts to complexify the social studies of mental disorders in cultures is developed, drawing on Ian Hacking and decolonial perspectives, among others.
The Truth Won’t Save Us
Authors: Stacey Timothy
Published: January 2023

It is often suggested that we are living in a post-truth era. Rather than a battle between truth and untruth, this final chapter suggests that the chief battle of our time is between advocates of two different understandings of truth, both of which are central to the liberal project: rational truth and confessional truth. It stresses that if we are to bridge the divide between liberals and populists, these two understandings of truth will need to be supplemented with a third: compassionate truth; that is, the truth that one sees in the face of the other. I suggest that the approach to myths, rituals, magic and tradition that I have been outlining in this book can connect us to compassionate truth. I summarize core arguments of the book to provide avenues for doing this.
Civil Servants and Globalization
Authors: Verheijen Tony , Staronova Katarina , Elghandour Ibrahim , Lefebvre Anne-Lucie
Published: January 2023

Civil Servants and Globalization brings together insights on how globalization influences senior civil servants, with a focus on MENA countries. This book builds a typology of civil servants’ responses to globalization: traditional, professional, engaged, and rebel types of civil servants. The response model proposed by the authors uses bureaucratic accountability and socialization as two critical parameters. The approach is tested on three dimensions of globalization – the global push for performance, engagement through development support, and global open government movement – in four focus countries from the MENA region – Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, and Tunisia. Based on new data gathered through vignette techniques and in-depth interviews with senior civil servants, this book offers new insights on how globalization affects civil servants and what factors determine, enhance, or reduce its impact. Among the key findings are the following: First, civil servants across countries have become more professional and are more likely to utilize evidence-based approaches to persuade politicians to safeguard national interest. The emphasis on performance and accountability (via international performance indicator systems) is a disrupter of and accelerator towards performance management and evidence-based policy making, leading to the emergence of the engaged and, in some cases, rebel types of civil servant. Second, deepened direct engagement with international actors contributes to the socialization of international norms, and contributes to a shift towards civil service professionalization. Finally, there is overall agreement on values associated with indices across the countries, though less so with transparency and participation. Thus, while the global movement towards open government has the strong potential to influence civil servants and civil service systems, a shift towards the internalization of more inclusive and transparent decision making has not yet occurred in the countries under review. On this aspect, a more traditional response type continues to predominate.
Trickling Down: Impact of the Global Movement on Open Government
Authors: Verheijen Tony , Staroňová Katarína , Elghandour Ibrahim , Lefebvre Anne-Lucie
Published: January 2023

The global open government movement is the most recent new dimension of globalization that influences national governance systems and civil servants. This chapter examines the impact of key aspects of the movement, such as access to information, Open Data, and participatory policy making, on civil servants. The response typology proposed in Chapter 1 is tested within this dimension. The conclusion of this chapter is that this is the dimension of globalization that has the strongest potential to generate change in civil servants, as it directly addresses traditionally closed and non-transparent civil service traditions. At the same time, while many of the civil servants interviewed expressed adherence to the principles underlying the open government movement, very few were willing to uphold these actively when tested. This is therefore the dimension of globalization where the gap between formal adherence to values and actual behaviour remains the widest. It is also the dimension where civil servants remain closest to the traditional civil servant typology.