bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal changes of 137Cs concentrations in the Far Eastern Seas: partitioning of 137Cs between overlying waters and sediments
Authors: Hirose Katsumi , Povinec Pavel P.
Published: December 2023

Deep-ocean sediments, similarly to seawater, are important reservoirs of 137Cs, an anthropogenic radionuclide with a relatively long half-live found in the Earth system. To better understand the geochemical behaviour of 137Cs in the ocean, we examined the temporal changes of 137Cs activity concentrations in the overlying waters and in sediments from the Far Eastern Seas (Sea of Japan, SOJ, and Okhotsk Sea, OS) during the period of 1998–2021. The 137Cs activity levels showed exponential changes during the observed period. The decay-corrected change rates of 137Cs in deep waters of SOJ exhibited a slow increase, while 137Cs levels in seawater and sediment in OS decreased gradually. This reflects a topographical difference, as SOJ is a semi-closed sea, whereas OS receives continuously inflow of subarctic waters. It was confirmed that 137Cs released after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident was rapidly transported into the deep waters of the SOJ. To elucidate the transfer processes of 137Cs from seawater to sediment, we discussed the temporal changes of the partition coefficients (Kd) of 137Cs between the overlying water and the surface sediment. In shallow areas (< 1500 m water depth), Kd values were almost constant within the sampling periods, although the temporal changes in the Kd values occurred in deeper waters (> 2500 m depth). The Kd values increased with increasing depth, which may reflect a pressure effect as a possible mechanism. These findings suggest that chemical processes may be important factors controlling the transport of 137Cs between seawater and sediment, although more complicated phenomena occurred in deep waters and sediments of the SOJ (> 3000 m depth).
Characterization of Wnt signaling pathway under treatment of Lactobacillus acidophilus postbiotic in colorectal cancer using an integrated in silico and in vitro analysis
Authors: Erfanian Nafiseh , Nasseri Saeed , Miraki Feriz Adib , Safarpour Hossein , Namaei Mohammad Hassan
Published: December 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and life-threatening cancer closely associated with the gut microbiota. Probiotics, as a vital microbiota group, interact with the host’s colonic epithelia and immune cells by releasing a diverse range of metabolites named postbiotics. The present study examined the effects of postbiotics on CRC’s prominent differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using in silico and in vitro analysis. Through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we identified four DEGs in CRC, including secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2), secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4), and matrix metallopeptidase 7 (MMP7). Enrichment analysis and ExpiMap, a novel deep learning-based method, determined that these DEGs are involved in the Wnt signaling pathway as a primary cascade in CRC. Also, spatial transcriptome analysis showed specific expression patterns of the SFRP2 gene in fibroblast cell type. The expression of selected DEGs was confirmed on CRC and normal adjacent tissues using Real-Time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Moreover, we examined the effects of postbiotics extracted from Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) on the proliferation, migration, and cell cycle distribution of HT-29 cells using MTT, scratch, and flow cytometry assays. Our results showed that L. acidophilus postbiotics induce cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and also had anti-proliferative and anti-migration effects on HT-29 cells, while it did not exert anti-proliferative activity on control fibroblasts. Finally, we revealed that treating HT-29 cells with postbiotics can affect the expression of selected DEGs. We suggested that L. acidophilus postbiotics have therapeutic potential in CRC by modulating key genes in the Wnt pathway.
A variable sampling plan based on the coefficient of variation for lots resubmission
Authors: Yen Ching- Ho , Aslam Muhammad , Chang Chia-Hao , Sherwani Rehan Ahmad Khan , Ahmad Liaquat , Jun Chi-Hyuck
Published: December 2023

This study focuses on the issue of lots resubmission in inspection processes, which often arises when the initial inspection of a lot is suspected, marked as held, or not accepted. To address this problem, a novel variables sampling plan based on the coefficient of variation is proposed. The objective is to determine the sampling plan parameters that minimize the average sample number while satisfying the two-points of operating characteristic curve. Practical considerations are taken into account by providing tabulated values for the inspection sample size and acceptance criteria of the proposed plan. These tables incorporate various combinations of quality levels, considering commonly used producer's risk and consumer's risk. Furthermore, a comparative analysis between the proposed plan and a single sampling plan is conducted to highlight the advantages of the new approach. To illustrate the practical implementation of the proposed plan, an example is presented.
Quantifying the smoke-related public health trade-offs of forest management
Authors: Schollaert Claire L. , Jung Jihoon , Wilkins Joseph , Alvarado Ernesto , Baumgartner Jill , Brun Julien , Busch Isaksen Tania , Lydersen Jamie M. , Marlier Miriam E. , Marshall Julian D. , Masuda Yuta J. , Maxwell Charles , Tessum Christopher W. , Wilson Kristen N. , Wolff Nicholas H. , Spector June T.
Published: December 2023

Prescribed burning can mitigate extreme wildfire risk and reduce total smoke emissions. Yet prescribed burns’ emissions may also contribute to smoke exposures in nearby communities. Incorporating public health considerations into forest management planning efforts may help reduce prescribed burn-related exposure impacts. We present a methodological framework linking landscape ecology, air-quality modelling and health impact assessment to quantify the air-quality and health impacts of specific management strategies. We apply this framework to six forest management scenarios proposed for a landscape in the Central Sierra, California. We find that moderate amounts of prescribed burning can decrease wildfire-specific PM2.5 exposures and reduce asthma-related health impacts in the surrounding region; however, the magnitude of that benefit levels off under scenarios with additional prescribed burning because of the added treatment-related smoke burdens. This framework can be applied to other fire-prone landscapes to incorporate public health considerations into forest management planning.
Spectroscopic insights into peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: unveiling peri-implant crevicular fluid profiles using surface enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Fornasaro Stefano , Rapani Antonio , Farina Federica , Ibishi Marigona , Pisnoli Giulia , Stacchi Claudio , Sergo Valter , Bonifacio Alois , Di Lenarda Roberto , Berton Federico
Published: December 2023

The precise identification and differentiation of peri-implant diseases, without the need for intrusive procedures, is crucial for the successful clinical treatment and overall durability of dental implants.
In situ growth of self-supported CuO nanorods from Cu-MOFs for glucose sensing and elucidation of the sensing mechanism
Authors: Yu Liyuan , Lv Mengxiao , Zhang Ting , Zhou Qixin , Zhang Juanhua , Weng Xuexiang , Ruan Yongming , Feng Jiuju
Published: December 2023

Self-supported CuO nanorods converted from Cu-MOFs achieved accurate detection of glucose in serum with sensing mechanism elucidation.
The dynamic nature of natural and fatty acid modified calcite surfaces
Authors: Claesson Per M. , Wojas Natalia A. , Corkery Robert , Dedinaite Andra , Schoelkopf Joachim , Tyrode Eric
Published: December 2023

Calcium carbonate, particularly in the form of calcite and surface modified calcite, is an abundant mineral widely used in both human-made and biological systems.
Boosting the high-rate performance of lithium-ion battery anodes using MnCo2O4/Co3O4 nanocomposite interfaces
Authors: Tomar Anubha , Vankani Chirag , Singh Satendra Pal , Winter Martin , Rai Alok Kumar
Published: December 2023

Pure MnCo2O4 and MnCo2O4/Co3O4 nanocomposite anodes were fabricated for LIBs. The nanocomposite electrode shows superior performances due to synergistic effect between MnCo2O4 and Co3O4, which mainly mitigate the volume variations of host material.
Control of polymer–protein interactions by tuning the composition and length of polymer chains
Authors: Xie Menghan , Jia Xu , Xu Xiao
Published: December 2023

Nanomoduling the 3D shape and chemical functionalities in a synthetic polymer may create recognition cavities for biomacromolecule binding, which serves as an attractive alternative to natural antibodies with much less cost.
Progress of porous organic cages in photo/electrocatalytic energy conversion and storage applications
Authors: Borse Rahul Anil , Tan Yan-Xi , Yuan Daqiang , Wang Yaobing
Published: December 2023

In addressing the challenges and opportunities associated with porous organic cages (POCs), this review aims to bridge the gap between host–guest interactions and prospects of POCs in photo/electrocatalytic energy conversion and storage applications.
A new method for green production of 2-aminomethylpiperidine from bio-renewable 2,5-bis(aminomethyl)furan
Authors: Zhang Shuxing , Ding Xiaoshu , Wang Yanji
Published: December 2023

A new method for synthesizing 2-aminomethylpiperidine by selective hydrogenolysis of bio-renewable 2,5-bis(aminomethyl)furan was developed. The yield of 2-aminomethylpiperidine can reach 72% under mild conditions at 140 °C and 1 MPa H2 pressure.
Green synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles: a sustainable approach
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Lal Bajrang , Tittal Ram Kumar
Published: December 2023

The synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles, showcasing advancements in sustainable methodologies, emphasizing green solvents, catalysts, and innovative technologies, while addressing associated challenges and future prospects.
The crystal orientation of THF clathrates in nano-confinement by in situ polarized Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Sharma Mrityunjay K. , Leong Xin Ning , Koh Carolyn A. , Hartman Ryan L.
Published: December 2023

Measurement of the local crystal orientation of THF hydrates within anodic aluminum oxide nanopores using microfluidics and in situ polarized Raman spectroscopy.
Self-supported 3D coral-like copper/poly diphenylamine on nickel foam: multifunctional exploration of overall electrochemical water splitting, alcohol oxidation reaction and supercapacitor applications
Authors: Raveendran Asha , Chandran Mijun , Lee Soo Chool , Siddiqui Masoom Raza , Wabaidur Saikh Mohammad , Dhanusuraman Ragupathy
Published: December 2023

Multifunctional exploration of Cu/PDPA/NF for overall electrochemical water splitting, alcohol oxidation reaction and supercapacitor applications.
Novel helix-shape bis[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b:3′,4′-f][1,2,4,5]tetrazines: synthesis, optical and charge-transfer properties
Authors: Korotina Anna V. , Tolshchina Svetlana G. , Gazizov Denis A. , Steparuk Alexander S. , Kim Grigory A. , Demina Nadezhda S. , Ganebnykh Ilya N. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Aleksandrov Alexey E. , Tameev Alexey R. , Rusinov Gennady L.
Published: December 2023

Synthesis of the bis[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b:3,4-f][1,2,4,5]tetrazines as well as a study of the basic optical, electrochemical and charge-transport properties of new compounds.
Fast proton transport enables the magnetic relaxation response of graphene quantum dots for monitoring the oxidative environment in vivo
Authors: Li Yongqiang , Wang Hang , Ye Caichao , Wang Xuelian , He Peng , Yang Siwei , Dong Hui , Ding Guqiao
Published: December 2023

The tube formed by polyethylene glycol serves as the proton transport channel and transmits the structural changes in graphene quantum dots to Gd3+, which leads to the magnetic relaxation response of the probe when sensing the oxidative environment.
Preparing Student Clinicians to Provide Recast Therapy on Complement Clauses: A Training Program
Authors: Wang Danyang , Curran Maura , McGregor Karla , Van Horne Amanda Owen
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

This study reports on a program to train student clinicians to provide recast therapy on complement clauses to children with developmental language disorder (DLD). To determine the efficacy of the program, we conducted secondary data analysis based on Owen Van Horne et al. (2023) and examined student clinicians' recasts after training and children's progress after treatment.

Method:

Three student clinicians received a two-stage training, followed by a real intervention program targeting complement clauses in six children with DLD. A third of the intervention sessions were coded for the total number and number of unique verbs in complement clauses provided by the student clinicians. An elicited production task was completed to test children's knowledge of the target structure.

Results:

On average, student clinicians provided 30 targeted recasts to each child during each intervention session. They provided a greater number of and more variable input for
that
compared to
WH
complements. Children demonstrated significant improvement only in
WH
, but not in
that
, complements.

Conclusions:

A targeted training program could strengthen clinicians' ability to provide recast therapy on complex syntax; however, future refinements should shorten and broaden training to include more targets. A mismatch between input patterns and learning patterns was observed.
WH
complement input is more stable than
that
input, given the less variable complement-taking verbs provided by the student clinicians and the overtness of the
WH
word as a stable complementizer, which may have facilitated the identification and extraction of the target syntactic structure.
Forehead Reduction Surgery with Hairline Advancement
Authors: Espinosa Jorge , Solís Luis , Cobo Roxana , Heredia Nicolas , Puerta Mauricio , Corredor Diego , Fonseca Carol
Published: December 2023

Hairline reduction surgery, also known as aesthetic forehead reduction, is a surgical procedure that aims to reduce the upper facial third and improve facial harmony. This article describes the anatomy of hairline advancement surgery and the surgical technique used by the author. The study included 21 patients from 2019 to 2023, and the forehead reduction length was on average 22.48 ± 2.64 mm. The most common complaint was hypoesthesia of the scalp, present in 100% of patients, resolving in all cases by 2 months after surgery. Forehead reduction surgery is among the procedures that provide more satisfaction to patients due to the great changes that it can achieve.
Problems Of Skin Cover In Injuries Of Lower Limb With Tissue Loss
Authors: Ganguli A.
Published: December 2023

Twenty seven cases of different types of injuries of the lower limb with skin loss treated by various means have been reviewed. The various methods of treatment have been evaluated and the methods giving the best result have been stressed.
Congenital Anomalies Of The Hand
Authors: Khanna N. N. , Tuli S. M.
Published: December 2023

A brief review of literature on congenital hand anomalies bas been presented along with our observations in 43 cases of such anomalies. The current concepts in the aetiology of congenial hand anomalies have also been described.
Ankylosis of Temporomandibular Joints
Authors: Sethi S. S. , Gupta J. L. , Shrivastava J. L.
Published: December 2023

A technique of osteotomy through the ramus of the mandible has been described in cases where the ramus forms a bony block with the skull bones. Clear acrylic pulley is inserted between the bony ends to produce the false joint. Post operative excercises are stressed upon to maintain the joint function. The maximum follow up at present is two years.
Infinitely many low- and high-energy solutions for double phase problems with nonstandard growth
Authors: Ge Bin , Cao Qing-Hai , Yuan Wen-Shuo
Published: December 2023

The aim of this paper is the study a class of double phase problems with variable exponent. Using the Clark’s theorem and the symmetric mountain pass lemma, we prove the existence of infinitely many small solutions and infinitely many large solutions, respectively.
Avoiding spin contamination and spatial symmetry breaking by exact-exchange-only optimized-effective-potential methods within the symmetrized Kohn–Sham framework
Authors: Trushin Egor , Görling Andreas
Published: December 2023

For open-shell atoms and molecules, Kohn–Sham (KS) methods typically resort to spin-polarized approaches that exhibit spin-contamination and often break spatial symmetries. As a result, the KS Hamiltonian operator and the KS orbitals do not exhibit the space and spin symmetry of the physical electron system. The KS formalism can be symmetrized in a rigorous way only in real space, only in spin space, or both in real and spin space. Within such symmetrized KS frameworks, we present exact-exchange-only optimized-effective-potential (OEP) methods that are free of spin contamination and/or spatial symmetry breaking. The effect of symmetrizations on the total energy and its parts and on the exchange potential is analyzed. The presented exact-exchange-only OEP methods may serve as a starting point for high-level symmetrized KS methods based, e.g., on the adiabatic-connection fluctuation-dissipation theorem.
Heterogeneous decision-making dynamics of threshold-switching agents on complex networks
Authors: Zhao Chengli , Zhu Yuying
Published: December 2023

In the classical two-player decision-making scenario, individuals may have different tendencies to take a certain action, given that there exists a sufficient number of neighbors adopting a particular option. This is ubiquitous in many real-life contexts including traffic congestion, crowd evacuation, and minimal vertex cover problem. Under best-response dynamics, we investigate the decision-making behaviors of heterogeneous agents on complex networks. Results of the networked games are twofold: for networks of uniform degree distribution (e.g., the lattice) and fraction of the strategy is of a linear function of the threshold setting. Moreover, the equilibrium analysis is provided and the relationship between the equilibrium dynamics and the change of the threshold value is given quantitatively. Next, if the games are played on networks with non-uniform degree distribution (e.g., random regular and scale-free networks), influence of the threshold-switching will be weakened. Robust experiments indicate that it is not the value of the average degree, but the degree distribution that influences how the strategy evolves affected by the threshold settings. Our result shows that the decision-making behaviors can be effectively manipulated by tuning the parameters in the utility function (i.e., thresholds) of some agents for more regular network structures.
Precision sub-monolayer manipulation of diamond surface chemistry using laser direct write oxidation in air
Authors: Moshkani Mojtaba , Downes James E. , Mildren Richard P.
Published: December 2023

Manipulation and patterning of diamond surface chemistry is of interest for a wide range of diamond-based technologies. We report the patterned oxidation of hydrogen-terminated diamond surfaces with sub-monolayer (ML) precision by a deep-UV two-photon process performed in air. Using focused laser pulses of photon energy 4.66 eV (266 nm; below the diamond bandgap of 5.47 eV), hydrogen-terminated (001) surfaces were exposed with calibrated doses to remove carbon with a precision of 0.02 ML. The measurement of the electrical properties of the laser-exposed zone between ohmic electrodes enabled monitoring of the transition from a conducting H-terminated surface to insulating O-terminated. The surface resistance increases by more than 7 orders of magnitude for doses corresponding to 0.5 ML, and the I–V characteristics show a transition from linear to nonlinear for doses above 0.30 ML. We show that this behavior agrees well with a surface percolation model for carrier diffusion in which the laser etch rate for the H-terminated top layer is the same as for O-terminated. Hence, this work reveals an ultra-precise method for modifying the sub-monolayer surface chemistry with the practical advantages of a laser-induced mechanism compared to conventional plasma or chemical processing methods.
Diagrammatic multiplet sum method (MSM) density functional theory (DFT): Investigation of the transferability of integrals in “simple” DFT-based approaches to multideterminantal problems
Authors: Ponra Abraham , Bakasa Carolyne , Etindele Anne Justine , Casida Mark E.
Published: December 2023

Kohn–Sham density functional theory (DFT) typically works well for describing dynamic correlation. Two other types of correlation, arising in the cases of degenerate (static) or quasidegenerate (nondynamic) zero-order states, represent a difficult problem for DFT. When symmetry is present, multiplet sum method (MSM) DFT [Ziegler et al., Theor. Chim. Acta 4, 877 (1977)] provides one of the earliest and simplest ways to include static correlation in DFT. MSM-DFT assumes that DFT provides a good description of single-determinant energies and uses symmetry and simple ansätze to include the effects of static correlation. This is equivalent to determining the off-diagonal matrix elements in a small configuration interaction (CI) eigenvalue problem. Our ultimate goal, however, is nondynamic correlation in cases where symmetry is inadequate for fixing the dynamic-correlation limitation of DFT. To this end, we have developed a diagrammatic approach to MSM-DFT, which does not, by itself, solve the nondynamic correlation problem in DFT but which facilitates comparison with wave function CI and so allows educated guesses of off-diagonal CI matrix elements even in the absence of symmetry. In every case, an additional exchange-only ansatz (EXAN) allows the MSM-DFT formulas to be transformed into wave function formulas. This EXAN also works for transforming time-dependent DFT into time-dependent Hartree–Fock. Although not enough to uniquely guess DFT formulas from wave function formulas, the diagrammatic approach and the EXAN provide important constraints on any guesses that might be used. We illustrate how diagrammatic MSM-DFT may be used to guess a nondynamic correlation correction for the dissociation of H2 and how diagrammatic MSM-DFT may be used to guess a nonsymmetry-based coupling element in the O2 multiplet problem, which is reasonably close to a previous symmetry-derived result.
Error of relativistic effective core potentials for closed-shell diatomic molecules of p-block heavy and superheavy elements in DFT and TDDFT calculations
Authors: Lu Yanzhao , Wang Zhifan , Wang Fan
Published: December 2023

Pseudopotentials (PP) are extensively used in electronic structure calculations, particularly for molecules containing heavy elements. Parameters in PPs are mainly determined from ab initio results, and errors of such PPs in density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been studied previously. However, PP errors on results with spin–orbit coupling and those in time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations have not been reported previously. In this work, we investigate the error of the small-core energy-consistent Stuttgart/Koln pseudopotentials in DFT and TDDFT calculations with and without spin–orbit coupling. Ground state bond lengths, harmonic frequencies, dissociation energies, and vertical excitation energies for a series of closed-shell diatomic heavy and superheavy p-block molecules are calculated using several popular exchange-correlation functionals. PP errors are estimated by comparing with results using the all-electron Dirac–Coulomb (-Gaunt) Hamiltonian. Our results show that the difference between ground state properties and most excitation energies in scalar-relativistic calculations with the PP and those of all-electron calculations is quite small. This difference becomes somewhat larger when spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is present, especially for properties that are affected by SOC to some extent. In addition, the errors of the PPs are insensitive to the employed exchange-correlation functionals in most cases. Our results indicate that reasonable DFT and TDDFT results can be obtained using the small-core energy-consistent Stuttgart/Koln pseudopotentials for heavy and super-heavy p-block molecules.
Characterization of solar cell passivating contacts using time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis
Authors: Shi Yifu , Wright Matthew , Sharpe Matthew K. , McAleese Callum D. , Polzin Jana-Isabelle , Niu Xinya , Zhao Zimo , Morris Stephen M. , Bonilla Ruy S.
Published: December 2023

The unambiguous detection of hydrogen in solar cell contact structures is critical to understanding passivation and degradation phenomena. Deuterium is often used to depict the distribution of hydrogen more clearly. However, experimental noise and artifacts can hinder the clear identification of species. This work provides a report of time-of-flight elastic recoil detection (ToF-ERD) analysis to identify H/D contents in a thin poly-Si/SiOx passivating contact. The structure contained a 1.3 nm interfacial SiOx and an n+ doped poly-Si layer with a partly deuterated SiNx coating. The samples were annealed to release H/D, and ToF-ERD was used to detect H/D in monatomic, singly charged forms, without the detection artifacts associated with conventional secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Chlorine ions were used to recoil surface species, which were analyzed to clearly and unambiguously resolve H and D. Depth profiles for the recoiled Si, N, O, D, and H atoms were calculated from the energy and velocity information registered after scattering events, which enabled the analysis of the structure of the multilayer stack. Even though the surface roughness and experimental limitations cause visible broadening of the profiles, which can hinder clear detection at the interfacial oxide, the ability to resolve hydrogen-related species makes ToF-ERD a significant and promising tool for studying the role of hydrogen in the performance and degradation of solar cell passivating contacts.
Prediction model based on artificial neural network and bivariate spectral quasi-linearization method for compressible turbulent boundary-layer flow over a smooth flat surface
Authors: Samanta Anjan , Mondal Hiranmoy
Published: December 2023

The compressible two-dimensional turbulent flow solutions at an arbitrary point in time and space by incorporating the mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations over a smooth flat surface and parallel free stream with unfavorable pressure gradient are studied. The Falkner–Skan transformation is applied to the turbulent boundary-layer equations and related boundary conditions, and the resulting nonlinear coupled system of partial differential equations is solved by the bivariate spectral quasi-linearization method. Moreover, to predict the thermal distribution of the flow, an artificial neural network model has been developed with the Nusselt number as target values. Several plots have been depicted, it is evaluated that the mean squared error value is 6.41 × 10−7, the overall coefficient of determination (R) is 0.997 52, and the average error rate is 0.68% for the said model, indicating the attainment of high accuracy for estimation.
Capacitive crosstalk in gate-based dispersive sensing of spin qubits
Authors: Kelly Eoin G. , Orekhov Alexei , Hendrickx Nico W. , Mergenthaler Matthias , Schupp Felix J. , Paredes Stephan , Eggli Rafael S. , Kuhlmann Andreas V. , Harvey-Collard Patrick , Fuhrer Andreas , Salis Gian
Published: December 2023

In gate-based dispersive sensing, the response of a resonator attached to a quantum dot gate is detected by a reflected radio frequency signal. This enables fast readout of spin qubits and tune up of arrays of quantum dots but comes at the expense of increased susceptibility to crosstalk, as the resonator can amplify spurious signals and induce fluctuations in the quantum dot potential. We attach tank circuits with superconducting NbN inductors and internal quality factors Qi>1000 to the interdot barrier gate of silicon double quantum dot devices. Measuring the interdot transition in transport, we quantify radio frequency crosstalk that results in a ring-up of the resonator when neighboring plunger gates are driven with frequency components matching the resonator frequency. This effect complicates qubit operation and scales with the loaded quality factor of the resonator, the mutual capacitance between device gate electrodes, and with the inverse of the parasitic capacitance to ground. Setting qubit frequencies below the resonator frequency is expected to substantially suppress this type of crosstalk.
Comparative analysis and computational optimization of potential-based multiphase lattice Boltzmann models
Authors: Zhong Xingguo , Huang Yuhao , Liu Qilin , Qin Zhangrong , Wen Binghai
Published: December 2023

The potential-based multiphase lattice Boltzmann models are widely used because they root in thermodynamics and evade the interface tracking or integrating. This paper investigates several potential-based models with the common equations of state (EOS) by the theoretical analyses and numerical computations of the thermodynamic consistency and spurious currents. Surprisingly, the Shan–Chen model presents a superior accuracy compared to the Zhang–Chen models, although they are mathematically equivalent. We find that the great improvement is attributed to the square root form of the pseudopotential model, which significantly lessens the error of numerical gradient calculation. Inspired by the improvement, a general formula φ′=n−1φ1−n∂x(φn) is introduced for calculating the gradient, and the coefficient n=0.1 yields better results than n=0.5, which is equal to the pseudopotential model. This scheme is further applied to optimize the evaluation of the chemical potential model. The improved chemical potential model displays lower numerical errors in the liquid–gas transition region and smaller spurious currents near the curved phase interface than the pseudopotential model. Additionally, the improved model is confirmed to meet the Young–Laplace law and Galilean invariance.
On steady rotational high speed flows: The swirling compressible Trkalian profile with headwall injection
Authors: Cecil Orie M. , Little Daniel S. , Majdalani Joseph
Published: December 2023

This work considers a uniquely configured swirling motion that develops inside a porous tube due to sidewall injection. The bulk fluid motion is modeled as a steady inviscid Trkalian flow field with a swirl-velocity component that increases linearly along the axis of the chamber. The underlying procedure consists of solving the compressible Bragg–Hawthorne equation using a Rayleigh–Janzen expansion that produces a closed-form approximation for the stream function. Based on the latter, most remaining flow attributes may be readily inferred. Results are then compared to their counterparts obtained using a strictly incompressible Trkalian motion. They are also benchmarked against available compressible solutions in an effort to characterize the dilatational effects caused by flow acceleration in long chambers or chambers with sufficiently large sidewall injection. In addition to the stream function, the velocity, pressure, temperature, and density are evaluated over a range of physical parameters. Finally, the distortions affecting the velocity profiles are characterized and shown to result in a blunter motion near the center and a steeper curvature near the sidewall as a consequence of high-speed flow. In comparison with a non-swirling complex-lamellar solution, we find the Trkalian motion to be generally faster and therefore capable of reaching sonic conditions in a shorter distance from the headwall.
Characteristics of magnetic field sensor utilizing Co-based Schottky contacts
Authors: Tan Yue , Li Gui-fang , Zhang Yun , Gao Chuhan , Du Yongqian , Chen Yinghao , Luo Jiezhang , Chen Dong , Liu Shibin
Published: December 2023

We have explored an approach to constructing reliable magnetic field sensors based on cobalt-based Schottky contacts, which has the potential to find practical applications when an applied magnetic field modifies the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of heterostructures. For this aim, heterostructures based on a ferromagnetic film Co were deposited on a Si(100) substrate by means of an ultrathin Pt film. The electrical properties of Co/Pt/Si heterojunctions were investigated using temperature-dependent I–V characteristics. The magnetic transport properties of Co/Pt/Si heterojunctions have been investigated, and the results show that the experimental ratio of current, I(B)/I(0), measured in magnetic field B and zero field, is linearly related to magnetic field B and almost independent of the applied voltage. Detailed measurements of the sensitivity and linearity of a heterojunction-based self-referencing magnetic field sensor were performed. The results show that the linearity and sensitivity of the sensor increase with an increase in the applied voltage frequency, and the sensitivity of the sensor reaches up to 72.09 μA/T at a voltage frequency of 2000 Hz. The sensor is easy to integrate with existing semiconductor processes, has a simple structure, and can be used for geological applications such as energy exploration.
Brownian motion of soft particles near a fluctuating lipid bilayer
Authors: Sheikh S. , Lonetti B. , Touche I. , Mohammadi A. , Li Z. , Abbas M.
Published: December 2023

The dynamics of a soft particle suspended in a viscous fluid can be changed by the presence of an elastic boundary. Understanding the mechanisms and dynamics of soft–soft surface interactions can provide valuable insights into many important research fields, including biomedical engineering, soft robotics development, and materials science. This work investigates the anomalous transport properties of a soft nanoparticle near a visco-elastic interface, where the particle consists of a polymer assembly in the form of a micelle and the interface is represented by a lipid bilayer membrane. Mesoscopic simulations using a dissipative particle dynamics model are performed to examine the impact of micelle’s proximity to the membrane on its Brownian motion. Two different sizes are considered, which correspond to ≈10−20nm in physical units. The wavelengths typically seen by the largest micelle fall within the range of wavenumbers where the Helfrich model captures fairly well the bilayer mechanical properties. Several independent simulations allowed us to compute the micelle trajectories during an observation time smaller than the diffusive time scale (whose order of magnitude is similar to the membrane relaxation time of the largest wavelengths), this time scale being hardly accessible by experiments. From the probability density function of the micelle normal position with respect to the membrane, it is observed that the position remains close to the starting position during ≈0.05τd (where τd corresponds to the diffusion time), which allowed us to compare the negative excess of mean-square displacement (MSD) to existing theories. In that time range, the MSD exhibits different behaviors along parallel and perpendicular directions. When the micelle is sufficiently close to the bilayer (its initial distance from the bilayer equals approximately twice its gyration radius), the micelle motion becomes quickly subdiffusive in the normal direction. Moreover, the temporal evolution of the micelle MSD excess in the perpendicular direction follows that of a nanoparticle near an elastic membrane. However, in the parallel direction, the MSD excess is rather similar to that of a nanoparticle near a liquid interface.
Optimized electrical properties of p-type field-effect transistors based on WSe2 grown at moderate temperatures
Authors: Wang Xin , Xiong Xiong , Shi Xinhang , Gu Chengru , Wu Yanqing
Published: December 2023

Two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have been pursued for high-performance logic electronic devices, and compatibility with silicon complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology is essential. Thus, high-quality material synthesis at reduced temperature is a key challenge for TMDC integration with the back-end-of-line silicon CMOS. In this work, TMDCs have been synthesized at temperatures down to 450 °C on SiO2/Si substrates via chemical vapor deposition. This work highlights the necessity of improving metal precursor mass flux during the low-temperature synthesis of TMDC films. Improved electrical characteristics of the back-gated p-type field-effect transistors based on monolayer WSe2 exhibit an on-current of 14 μA/μm and subthreshold swing of 200 mV/dec.
The identification of high-pressure phase transition sequence in selected tungstates and molybdates
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Jia , Fang Chao , Qiao Yuancun , Li Yuwei
Published: December 2023

Tungstates and molybdates possessing the scheelite- and wolframite-type (if present) structures hold a significant functional value. Their high-pressure phase diagrams are very complicated and controversial, and even some parts have not been characterized yet. In this study, we investigate the sequence of pressure driven structural phase transitions up to 100 GPa in these tungstate and molybdate families via first-principles structure predictions. Based on our structural predictions, it is possible for isostructural tungstates and molybdates to exhibit a phase transition sequence that is either similar or identical. Examples of these compounds are CaWO4, CaMoO4, and CdMoO4, in addition to EuWO4 and EuMoO4. However, the phase transition sequences of some tungstates and molybdates, especially those with different divalent cations, display noteworthy variations, revealing the intricate influence of ionic radii and electronic properties on crystal configurations. To obtain a deeper understanding of the high-pressure phase transition behavior of tungstates and molybdates, we analyze the high-pressure phase diagrams of MgWO4, SrWO4, and CaMoO4, representative examples of wolframite-type tungstate, scheelite-type tungstate, and scheelite-type molybdate, respectively, using x-ray powder diffraction. Our x-ray diffraction experiments and structure predictions consistently verify that the orthorhombic Cmca phase is a high-pressure phase of SrWO4. Structural configurations and mechanical properties of these predicted structures are discussed, and electronic properties are given. This study could have important implications for the fields of seismology and geophysics, as well as the utilization of these materials in various capacities, such as photocatalysts, photoanodes, and phosphors.
Integrated optical electric field sensors: humidity stability mechanisms and packaging scheme
Authors: Ma Xinyu , Zhuang Chijie , Wang She , Zeng Rong
Published: December 2023

Integrated optical electric field sensors (IOES) play a crucial role in electric field measurement. This paper introduces the principles of the IOES and quantitatively evaluates the impact of humidity on measurement accuracy. Sensors with different levels of hydrophobicity coatings and hygroscopicity shells are fabricated and tested across the relative humidity (RH) range of 25%–95%. Results reveal that humidity stability is primarily influenced by water vapor absorption through the sensor shell, which increases its conductivity. This further results in amplitude deviation and phase shift of the sensor output. To address this, an optimal humidity-stable packaging scheme is proposed, which involves using PEEK shell with room temperature vulcanized fluorinated silicone rubber coating. Compared with uncoated ceramic shell, the phase shift of the IOES reduces from 90∘ to 1∘ under a RH of 90%. The amplitude deviation of electric field measurement decreases from 20% to nearly zero after a 20 h humidity experiment conducted under RH of 90% at 30 ∘C. The proposed packaging scheme could be used to improve the humidity stability of the sensors deployed in outdoor environments, especially on ships and coastal areas.
Underwater sound absorption characteristics of compliant acoustic coatings with adjustable stiffness
Authors: Dong Liqiang , Fan Yanqi , Cui Jin , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Shaogang , Zhao Dan
Published: December 2023

A type of compliant acoustic coating with adjustable stiffness is proposed by a combination of a multilayer adjustable stiffness element and a compliant skin. By adjusting its deformation, the stiffness of the acoustic coating switches between different steady levels, thus tuning its underwater sound absorption performance. Based on the series spring model and the effective medium theory, theoretical models are established for describing the adjustable stiffness of the multilayer element and the sound absorption characteristics of the acoustic coating cells. A conceptual coating model is designed, in which the multilayer adjustable stiffness element is composed of three layers of cells with different structural parameters, corresponding to three different stiffness. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are carried out to explore the adjustable stiffness characteristics and sound absorption characteristics of the concept model, with the numerical results of the adjustable stiffness and sound absorption characteristics validated experimentally. The influence of structural parameters is investigated, where the limb thickness t is found to present a dominant influence on the stiffness of the multilayer adjustable stiffness element and the increase in stiffness can improve sound absorption performance in the low and middle frequency bands. The conceptual model shows how the idealized conditions considered in this work could turn into functional prototypes of compliant acoustic coatings with adjustable stiffness.
Paralleled Sagnac interferometer and Mach–Zehnder interferometer for enhanced measurements sensitivity based on Vernier effect
Authors: Shi Ruyue , Chen Hailiang , Li Hongwei , Liu Chaoyi , Li Lida , Yang Sigang
Published: December 2023

In this paper, Vernier effect was experimentally excited through paralleling Sagnac interferometer (SI) and Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI). SI was fabricated using a 38 cm long panda-shaped polarization maintaining fiber in the Sagnac loop, while MZI was made through tapering a single mode fiber. Experimental results showed that the measurement sensitivities of strain and temperature based on the paralleled SI and MZI were 51.97 pm µϵ
−1 and 2.94 nm °C−1 respectively, which were enhanced by about three times than based on an individual SI whose measurement sensitivities of strain and temperature were 18.24 pm µϵ
−1 and 0.98 nm °C−1 correspondingly. Theoretical analysis of the single interference and paralleled interferences were verified by the experimental results. The proposed sensor shows the advantages of simple in fabrication, high sensitivity, and good hysteresis, is a strong competitor in monitoring the strain and temperature.
Volumetric Lagrangian temperature and velocity measurements with thermochromic liquid crystals
Authors: Käufer T , Cierpka C
Published: December 2023

We propose a Lagrangian method for simultaneous, volumetric temperature and velocity measurements. As tracer particles for both quantities, we employ encapsulated thermochromic liquid crystals (TLCs). We discuss the challenges arising from color imaging of small particles and present measurements in an equilateral hexagonal-shaped convection cell of height h = 60 mm and distance between the parallel side walls w = 104 mm, which corresponds to an aspect ratio

Γ
=
1.73

. As fluid, we use a water-glycerol mixture to match the density of the TLC particles. We propose a densely-connected neural network, trained on calibration data, to predict the temperature for individual particles based on their particle image and position in the color camera images, which achieves uncertainties below 0.2 K over a temperature range of 3 K. We use Shake-the-Box to determine the 3D position and velocity of the particles and couple it with our temperature measurement approach. We validate our approach by adjusting a stable temperature stratification and comparing our measured temperatures with the theoretical results. Finally, we apply our approach to thermal convection at Rayleigh number Ra  =  

3.4
×

10
7

and Prandtl number Pr  =  10.6. We can visualize detaching plumes in individual temperature and convective heat transfer snapshots. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach allows us to compute statistics of the convective heat transfer and briefly validate our results against the literature.
A new selection method of singular values using correlation coefficients for detecting weak exponential damped sinusoidal signals under strong noise
Authors: Zhang Ting
Published: December 2023

Weak signal detection has garnered considerable attention in numerous research fields, especially weak signal detection under strong noise, which is an urgent problem researches are concerned with. In this paper, a new criterion to select singular values using correlation coefficients is proposed for detecting weak exponential damped sinusoidal signals. This method has a wide variety of signal processing applications. The innovation of our method lies in selecting the most informative singular values of K rather than the most energetic singular values. The proposed method measures the similarity between component signals and useful signals via the autocorrelation function and correlation coefficient, which can preserve more information of the original signal and be more suitable for weak signal detection scenarios under strong noise. Numerical experiments and analysis are performed to verify the efficiency and effectiveness of our method, and indicate that the presented method is superior to the singular value selection methods based on energy or simple difference principle for correlation coefficients. Compared to stochastic resonance methods suitable for weak signal detection under strong background noise, our proposed method also offer significant advantages. Thus, it is beneficial for theoretical analysis and engineering applications.
Electrode materials for electrochromic supercapacitors
Authors: Li Jianhang , Yu Haixin , Lv Yaokang , Cai Zhiwei , Shen Yimin , Ruhlmann Laurent , Gan Lihua , Liu Mingxian
Published: December 2023

Smart energy storage systems, such as electrochromic supercapacitor (ECSC) integrated technology, have drawn a lot of attention recently, and numerous developments have been made owing to their reliable performance. Developing novel electrode materials for ECSCs that embed two different technologies in a material is an exciting and emerging field of research. To date, the research into ECSC electrode materials has been ongoing with excellent efforts, which need to be systematically reviewed so that they can be used to develop more efficient ECSCs. This mini-review provides a general composition, main evaluation parameters and future perspectives for electrode materials of ECSCs as well as a brief overview of the published reports on ECSCs and performance statistics on the existing literature in this field.