bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal mammalian target of rapamycin is implicated in stress-coping behavior induced by cannabidiol in the forced swim test
Authors: Sartim Ariandra G , Sales Amanda J , Guimarães Francisco S , Joca Sâmia RL
Published: July 2018

Background:

Cannabidiol is a non-psychotomimetic compound with antidepressant-like effects. However, the mechanisms and brain regions involved in cannabidiol effects are not yet completely understood. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin-receptor kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (BDNF-TrkB-mTOR) signaling, especially in limbic structures, seems to play a central role in mediating the effects of antidepressant drugs.

Aim:

Since it is not yet known if BDNF-TrkB-mTOR signaling in the hippocampus is critical to the antidepressant-like effects of cannabidiol, we investigated the effects produced by cannabidiol (10/30/60 nmol/0.2 µL) micro-injection into the hippocampus of mice submitted to the forced swim test and to the open field test.

Methods:

Independent groups received intra-hippocampal injections of rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor, 0.2 nmol/0.2 µL) or K252 (Trk antagonist, 0.01 nmol/0.2 µL), before the systemic (10 mg/kg) or hippocampal (10 nmol/0.2µL) injection of cannabidiol, and were submitted to the same tests. BDNF levels were analyzed in the hippocampus of animals treated with cannabidiol (10 mg/kg).

Results:

Systemic cannabidiol administration induced antidepressant-like effects and increased BDNF levels in the dorsal hippocampus. Rapamycin, but not K252a, injection into the dorsal hippocampus prevented the antidepressant-like effect induced by systemic cannabidiol treatment (10 mg/kg). Differently, hippocampal administration of cannabidiol (10 nmol/0.2 µL) reduced immobility time, an effect that was blocked by both rapamycin and K252a local microinjection.

Conclusion:

Altogether, our data suggest that the hippocampal BDNF-TrkB-mTOR pathway is vital for cannabidiol-induced antidepressant-like effect when the drug is locally administered. However, other brain regions may also be involved in cannabidiol-induced antidepressant effect upon systemic administration.
Repeatability analysis of ADC histogram metrics of the uterus
Authors: Onodera Koichi , Hatakenaka Masamitsu , Yama Naoya , Onodera Maki , Saito Tsuyoshi , Kwee Thomas Christian , Takahara Taro
Published: July 2018

Background

Recently, histogram analysis based on voxel-wise apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value distribution has been increasingly performed. However, few studies have been reported regarding its repeatability.

Purpose

To evaluate the repeatability of ADC histogram metrics of the uterus in clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Material and Methods

Thirty-three female patients who underwent pelvic MRI including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were prospectively included after providing informed consent. Two sequential DWI acquisitions with identical parameters and position were obtained. Regions of interest (ROIs) for histologically confirmed uterine lesions (five cervical and three endometrial cancers, and one endometrial hyperplasia) and normal appearing tissues (21 endometrium and 33 myometrium) were assigned on the first DWI dataset and then pasted onto the second DWI dataset. ADC histogram metrics within the ROIs were calculated and repeatability was evaluated by calculating within-subject coefficient of variance (%) (wCV (%)) and Bland–Altman plot (%).

Results

ADC 10%, 25%, median, 75%, 90%, maximum, mean, and entropy showed high repeatability (wCV (%) < 7, 95% limit of agreement in Bland–Altman plot (%) < ±20), followed by ADC minimum (wCV (%) = 8.12, 95% limit of agreement in Bland–Altman plot (%) < ±30). However, ADC skewness and kurtosis showed very low repeatability in all evaluations.

Conclusion

ADC histogram metrics like ADC 10%, 25%, median, 75%, 90%, maximum, mean, and entropy are robust biomarkers and could be applicable to clinical use. However, ADC skewness and kurtosis lack robustness. Radiologists should keep these characteristics and limitations in mind when interpreting quantitative DWI.
What is a ‘person’ like you doing in a ‘place’ like that? Reflections on the business school migration from economic geography
Authors: Cumbers Andrew
Published: July 2018

The decline of economic geography in British geography departments and schools is a cause for concern, given its historic importance as a seedbed for critical and alternative thinking. While there are attractions and opportunities for economic geographers such as myself in working in management departments and business schools, particularly those that have a critical social science culture, it is vital that geography itself, as a discipline, retains a commitment to heterodox economic enquiry and understanding. At a time of multiplying global political, economic and ecological crises, the disappearance of economic geography from the mainstream teaching curriculum and research agenda would be a regrettable loss for the broader academic project.
Social media data as a proxy for hourly fine-scale electric power consumption estimation
Authors: Deng Chengbin , Lin Weiying , Ye Xinyue , Li Zhenlong , Zhang Ziang , Xu Ganggang
Published: July 2018

Accurate forecasting of electric demand is essential for the operation of modern power system. Inaccurate load forecasting will considerably affect the power grid efficiency. Forecasting the electric demand for a small area, such as a building, has long been a well-known challenge. In this research, we examined the association between geotagged tweets and hourly electric consumption at a fine scale. All available geotagged tweets and electric meter readings were retrieved and spatially aggregated to each building in the study area. Comparing to traditional studies, the usage of geotagged tweets is to reflect human activity dynamics to some degree by considering human beings as sensors, which therefore can be employed at the building level. High correlation is found between the human activity indicator and the power consumption as supported by a correlation coefficient level over 0.8. To the best of our knowledge, rare studies placed an emphasis on hourly electric power consumption using social media data, especially at such a fine scale. This research shows the great potential of using Twitter data as a proxy of human activities to model hourly electric power consumption at the building level. More studies are warranted in the future to further examine the effectiveness of the proposed method in this research.
Partner choice in Sweden: How distance still matters
Authors: Haandrikman Karen
Published: July 2018

Spatial homogamy, or the geographical closeness of life partners, has received little attention in recent decades. Theoretically, partners may be found anywhere in the world, as increases in educational participation, affluence, mobility and internet access have reduced the meaning of geographical distance in general. This paper examines whether geography still matters in the Swedish partner market, by examining distances between partners before co-residence over time. Register data are used to track the residential histories (1990–2008) of couples who married or had a child in 1996, 2002 or 2008 (N = 292,652). With the couple as the unit of analysis, the distance between partners before co-residence is explained by geographical, socio-economic and demographic indicators. I find that although the distance between partners has increased over time, it is still the case that half of all partners lived within 9 kilometres of each other before moving in together. Demographic and socio-economic characteristics explain some of the variation in spatial homogamy, but geographical factors, such as previous place of residence, spatial mobility, degree of urbanization and nearness of parents, are crucial. Even in a globalized society, most people still find their partners very close by. The findings are relevant to the family migration literature, where residential mobility at the beginning of co-residence has received little attention, despite long-lasting consequences of partner choice on social ties and people’s socioeconomic careers. The results exemplify the importance of short geographical distances for intimate relationships.
First-in-Human Pilot Study of Implantation of a Scaffold-Free Tissue-Engineered Construct Generated From Autologous Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Repair of Knee Chondral Lesions
Authors: Shimomura Kazunori , Yasui Yukihiko , Koizumi Kota , Chijimatsu Ryota , Hart David A. , Yonetani Yasukazu , Ando Wataru , Nishii Takashi , Kanamoto Takashi , Horibe Shuji , Yoshikawa Hideki , Nakamura Norimasa , Sakaue Morito , Sugita Norihiko , Moriguchi Yu
Published: July 2018

Background:

Articular cartilage has limited healing capacity, owing in part to poor vascularity and innervation. Once injured, it cannot be repaired, typically leading to high risk for developing osteoarthritis. Thus, cell-based and/or tissue-engineered approaches have been investigated; however, no approach has yet achieved safety and regenerative repair capacity via a simple implantation procedure.

Purpose:

To assess the safety and efficacy of using a scaffold-free tissue-engineered construct (TEC) derived from autologous synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for effective cartilage repair.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Five patients with symptomatic knee chondral lesions (1.5-3.0 cm2) on the medial femoral condyle, lateral femoral condyle, or femoral groove were included. Synovial MSCs were isolated from arthroscopic biopsy specimens and cultured to develop a TEC that matched the lesion size. The TECs were then implanted into chondral defects without fixation and assessed up to 24 months postoperatively. The primary outcome was the safety of the procedure. Secondary outcomes were self-assessed clinical scores, arthroscopy, tissue biopsy, and magnetic resonance image–based estimation of morphologic and compositional quality of the repair tissue.

Results:

No adverse events were recorded, and self-assessed clinical scores for pain, symptoms, activities of daily living, sports activity, and quality of life were significantly improved at 24 months after surgery. Secure defect filling was confirmed by second-look arthroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging in all cases. Histology of biopsy specimens indicated repair tissue approaching the composition and structure of hyaline cartilage.

Conclusion:

Autologous scaffold-free TEC derived from synovial MSCs may be used for regenerative cartilage repair via a sutureless and simple implantation procedure.

Registration:

000008266 (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry number).
Family Quality of Life and Partnership for Families of Students With Deaf-Blindness
Authors: Kyzar Kathleen , Brady Sara , Summers Jean Ann , Turnbull Ann
Published: July 2018

Family–professional partnerships are a key support for families of children with disabilities, but little is known about families of children with deaf-blindness. This study examined (a) the factor structures of the Beach Center on Disability Family–Professional Partnership and Family Quality of Life (FQOL) Scales utilizing a national sample of families of children and youth with deaf-blindness (age birth to 22 years), and (b) the relationship between family–professional partnership and FQOL at the subdomain levels. Results suggested a two-factor solution for family–professional partnership (Enhancing Connection and Enhancing Capacity) and a three-factor solution for FQOL (Family Interaction/Parenting Well-being, Social/Emotional Well-being, Physical/Material Well-being). Enhancing Capacity Partnership moderated the relationship between Enhancing Connection Partnership and Family Interaction/Parenting Well-being FQOL. The significance of these findings in light of the existing family–professional partnership literature is discussed, and implications for research and practice are offered.
Is money always the most important thing? Polish construction workers in Ireland
Authors: Bobek Alicja , Wickham James , Moriarty Elaine , Salamońska Justyna
Published: July 2018

Migrant workers in the construction industry are often taken to be motivated purely by short-term financial gains. The dramatic influx of Polish workers into the Irish building industry during the Celtic Tiger boom thus appears a clear case of economic migration. A qualitative panel study (2008–2013) which interviewed Polish construction workers through the boom and subsequent recession reveals a more complex picture. Migrants’ initial move to Ireland was sometimes motivated partly by non-financial concerns such as the desire for new experiences. When the construction industry crashed, many migrants did leave Ireland, but interviews with them back in Poland showed that family issues such as children’s education had been important. Many migrants remained in Ireland, sometimes facilitated by access to unemployment benefits. The Polish construction workers included some with technical and professional qualifications and these appear more likely to have stayed in Ireland. This decision often involved re-training for a new career and was motivated by new social relationships and a perceived better quality of life. These findings suggest that the issues raised by contemporary lifestyle migration are relevant even for some construction workers.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Caregiver Burden in Individuals With Alzheimer’s Disease: The TEAM-AD VA Cooperative Study
Authors: Chen Peijun , Guarino Peter D. , Dysken Maurice W. , Pallaki Muralidhar , Asthana Sanjay , Llorente Maria D. , Love Susan , Vertrees Julia E. , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Sano Mary
Published: July 2018

Objectives:

To assess the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease (AD) and their association with caregiver burden.

Methods:

Secondary analyses of baseline data from the Trial of Vitamin E and Memantine in Alzheimer's Disease (TEAM-AD) (N=613). Neuropsychiatric Inventory were used to measure severity of NPS and caregiver activity survey to measure caregiver burden.

Results:

A total of 87% of patients displayed at least 1 NPS; 70% displayed clinically meaningful NPS. The most common symptoms were apathy (47%), irritability (44%), agitation (42%), and depression (40%). Those with moderate AD had more severe NPS than those with mild AD ( P = .03). Neuropsychiatric symptoms were significantly associated with caregiver time after adjusting for age, education, cognitive function, and comorbidity ( P-value < .0001) with every point increase in NPS associated with a 10-minute increase in caregiver time.

Conclusion:

Neuropsychiatric symptoms were prevalent in both mild and moderate AD, even in patients receiving treatment with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and were more severe in moderate AD and associated with greater caregiver time.
Too Much of a Good Thing? The Emotional Challenges of Managing Affectively Committed Volunteers
Authors: Ward Jenna , Greene Anne-marie
Published: July 2018

This article presents the emotional challenges of managing affectively committed volunteers and the associated impacts on the managerial task. Through a qualitative arts-based study at a U.K. nonprofit organization, the National Trust, dominant rhetoric positioning volunteering as positive is problematized. Paid managers find managing affectively committed volunteers emotionally demanding and are often reluctant to address what they perceive to be difficult volunteer behavior. This study conceptualizes the emotionally challenging behaviors of volunteers and the reluctance of their paid managers to address them, as a consequence of a variation in adherence to the organizational display and feeling rules that define their shared emotional arena. This is influenced by the existence or lack of an employment contract within the context of their affective commitment. Suggestions are made for further research and practice regarding the management of volunteers.
Cryptococcal meningitis: an unusual presentation of primary HIV infection
Authors: Barletta José , Falak Adriana , Pérez Héctor
Published: July 2018

Acute HIV infection presenting as severe opportunistic disease is a very uncommon event associated with more rapid HIV progression and higher mortality. We describe the case of a patient with cryptococcal meningitis in the setting of primary HIV infection.
System modeling and instability control of wind turbine blade based on hydraulic pitch system and radial basic function neural network proportional–integral–derivative controller
Authors: Liu Tingrui
Published: July 2018

System modeling and aeroservoelastic control for divergent instability of stall-induced composite wind turbine blade modeled as thin-walled symmetric layup beam analysis have been investigated based on hydraulic pitch system and radial basic function neural network control. The blade is modeled as single-cell thin-walled beam structure with the circumferentially asymmetric stiffness design, exhibiting flap/lead-lag bending coupling deformation. The stall flutter and aeroservoelastic control of composite blade are investigated based on dynamic stall Beddoes–Leishman aerodynamic model and radial basic function neural network proportional–integral–derivative controller, with pitch actuator performed by hydraulic system. The system motion equations consist of the aeroelastic equations and the six-order pitch equation. The nonlinear aeroelastic responses, including both flap/lead-lag responses and pitch angle responses under different parameters, are solved by Galerkin method and the nonlinear time integration scheme with nonlinear residual analysis. To verify the effectiveness of the control scheme and realize visualized display of large thin-walled blade in the laboratory, experimental platform based on hardware-in-the-loop simulation is built to realize real-time control and virtual simulation. The platform structure consists of PLC hardware, monitoring interface in configuration software, and simulation environment that is connected by the OPC server with PLC system. The platform lays the foundation for vibrational behavior research on visualization of large wind turbine blade under divergent stall situation and verifies the real-time feasibility of the control algorithm proposed.
Phytolith-inferred transfer function for paleohydrological reconstruction of Dajiuhu peatland, central China
Authors: Liu Hongye , Gu Yansheng , Lun Zijian , Qin Yangmin , Cheng Shenggao
Published: July 2018

Depth to water table (DWT, the depth from the water surface to the top of the peat surface) is one of the most important environmental variables related to the habitat types and distribution of vegetation within a subalpine peatland. The distribution of phytolith assemblages and basic environmental data from 43 surface soil samples with significant ecological and hydrological gradients were investigated to generate transfer functions for quantitative reconstruction of paleoenvironmental changes in Dajiuhu peatland, central China. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) were employed to explore the relationship between main environmental variables and phytolith morphotypes and distributions. Our results indicate that the spatial distribution of phytoliths was significantly correlated with the DWT (25% variance), total organic carbon (TOC, 10% variance) and magnetic susceptibility (χ, 7% variance). We established the transfer functions for the significant variables based on modern analogue technique (MAT), weighted averaging techniques (WA) and weighted averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS), and model performance was assessed using bootstrap cross-validation. The high correspondence of the predicted DWT results based on phytolith-environment calibration data with observed data reflects that the phytolith-based WA-PLS is a reliable effective calibration method for the quantitative DWT reconstruction of ombrotrophic (rain-fed) subalpine peatland.
“Klokka tikker, tiden går”: Time and irregular migration
Authors: Brux Christina , Hilden Per Kristian , Middelthon Anne-Lise O
Published: July 2018

In this paper, which is empirically grounded in ethnographic research conducted among persons living in Norway without legal permission, we explore the temporal dimensions of irregular migration. In the first half, we consider the time aspects of migration control. In particular, we examine the politicization of time within the host of b/ordering policies, practices, and processes through which migrant irregularity is produced and governed in the Norwegian welfare state. We then move into a discussion of migrant irregularity as it is subjectively experienced, in which we solicit time as fundamental unit of analysis with the potential to render phenomenologically intelligible irregularity as it is lived and negotiated. In doing so, we draw upon two classical Greek concepts of time, chronos and kairos, and we consider the conditions of limitation and possibility for reckoning as meaningful experiences of and in time. This entails an exploration of the ways in which the research participants had emplotted their experiences within narratives that they, in retrospect, recalled having crafted at various points in their lives, and of the existential dilemmas that they confronted when these narratives could no longer be sustained. Ultimately, these endeavors produce an analysis of both these meaning-making strategies and what might be understood as the unique temporalities of irregular migration, as it is produced and governed, lived and embodied, and potentially also renegotiated and transformed.
Socio-economic Correlates of Anaemia Awareness in Adolescent Schoolgirls
Authors: Patnaik Srinivas P.L.N. , Josyula Lakshmi K. , Pant Rashmi
Published: July 2018

Routine large-scale assessment of the awareness of iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA), a rampant public health challenge in India, is lacking. We conducted a study, among adolescent girls attending government schools in Srikakulam district, South India, to ascertain the awareness of IDA and identify key socio-economic correlates of IDA awareness. We collected biometric, demographic and survey data, from 148 randomly selected schoolgirls, from one urban and one rural school, and conducted t-tests and discriminant function analyses. Participants (mean age of 13.48 (1.08) years; mean body mass index (BMI) of 17.53 (0.21) kg/m2) scored a mean of 24.63 (4.21) out of a possible 41 (rural–urban (95%CI) = (−2.9, −0.2)). Discriminant function loadings revealed age (0.79), mother’s education (0.43) and occupation (0.59), father’s occupation (0.59), number of female siblings (0.36) and BMI (0.78) to be key determinants of IDA awareness. The low scores on IDA awareness and the high proportion of underweight participants highlight the need for targeted health education and nutrition interventions.
Determinants of Organizational Learning in a Firm: An Empirical Analysis of Indian IT Industry
Authors: Shukla Ashutosh , Pandey Sunil Kumar , Dubey Ashish M.
Published: July 2018

Organizational learning is a deep-rooted concept having a diverse body of literature. It primarily discusses ideas built around the philosophy of management of learning and knowledge in a firm. These approaches help an organization to improve its effectiveness and manage sustainability in a relatively dynamic world. This research article is an attempt to present a framework that shall discuss organizational learning in the Indian IT sector. Based on an extensive review of literature, some substantial observations for analysing organizational learning have been presented in this research article. The approach constitutes queries pertaining to reasons to learn, type of learning, management of knowledge within an organization, tools and techniques, values, relevance and end results of learning to come up with a research model that could discuss the metamorphosis of organizational learning in software firms in India.
Interactions and Participation on Social Commerce Websites: Exploratory Study
Authors: Yadav Rohit , Mahara Tripti
Published: July 2018

An increasing number of organizations are adopting social commerce (SC) to engage and occupy customers in product development, sales and support activities. Therefore, it is imperative for retailers and marketers to know customers’ adoption behaviour towards SC websites and the benefits they gain through voluntary contribution of information on these websites. The study attempts to identify customer participation through development of a conceptual framework based on the uses and gratification (UG) approach. The importance of non-altruistic motives, that is, benefits shape member’s participation on SC websites, is confirmed by results. According to the results, two interaction characteristics, that is, human interactivity and member identity are essential for building trust in SC website. Findings of the study also conclude that interaction characteristics strongly affect three benefits, that is, personal integrative, social integrative and hedonic. Hence, it is implied that benefits gained by members on SC website interactions shape their participation intentions. Therefore, SC websites must be designed keeping in view both usage and benefits by members.
Lighting Up the Bulb’s Station
Authors: Nami Adeeb , Bodolica Virginia , Spraggon Martin
Published: July 2018

This case study follows the entrepreneurial journey initiated by a group of undergraduate students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and examines the decisions made and lessons learned along the way. Uncovering the intricacies of the process of business ideation, the case analyses the predisposing conditions that led to the establishment of the Bulb’s Station—a vending booth offering exclusively homemade food. A particular emphasis is placed on analysing the two major experiences that the partners had running the booth, namely, at the 2016 AUS Global Day and the 2016 UAE National Day Celebration at the American University of Sharjah (AUS). By providing detailed information regarding the type, variety, quantity and pricing of dishes on the menu, the reader is brought to estimate the extent to which the booth’s operation was successful at each of the two events. Based on prior challenges and shortcomings in adopted strategies, the partners are now confronted with the critical question of whether to turn the Bulb’s Station into a start-up company in the food industry in the UAE.
Evaluating Quantitative Reasoning Strategies for Comparing Fractions: A Tool for Teachers
Authors: Crawford Lindy , Quebec Fuentes Sarah , Huscroft-D’Angelo Jacqueline , Higgins Kristina N.
Published: July 2018

Meaningful inclusion of quantitative reasoning into mathematics instruction requires meaningful ways to evaluate it. Few formative assessments exist to evaluate the strategies students use when reasoning mathematically. The Framework for Evaluating Quantitative Reasoning Strategies presented in this article provides teachers with categories for evaluating types of quantitative reasoning strategies students use for problems in the mathematical domain of number and operations. Numerous examples of the types of strategies students use for comparing fractions and how to evaluate the complexity of these strategies are provided. Included are research-based instructional recommendations for moving students toward a deeper conceptual understanding of fractions as numbers.
Accountable Care Organizations and Post-Acute Care: A Focus on Preferred SNF Networks
Authors: Kennedy Gregory , Lewis Valerie A. , Kundu Souma , Mousqués Julien , Colla Carrie H.
Published: July 2018

Due to high magnitude and variation in spending on post-acute care, accountable care organizations (ACOs) are focusing on transforming management of hospital discharge through relationships with preferred skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). Using a mixed-methods design, we examined survey data from 366 respondents to the National Survey of ACOs along with 16 semi-structured interviews with ACOs who performed well on cost and quality measures. Survey data revealed that over half of ACOs had no formal relationship with SNFs; however, the majority of ACO interviewees had formed preferred SNF networks. Common elements of networks included a comprehensive focus on care transitions beginning at hospital admission, embedded ACO staff across settings, solutions to support information sharing, and jointly established care protocols. Misaligned incentives, unclear regulations, and a lack of integrated health records remained challenges, yet preferred networks are beginning to transform the ACO post-acute care landscape.
Association of Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index With Placental Histopathological Characteristics in Uncomplicated Term Pregnancies
Authors: Brouwers Laura , Franx Arie , Vogelvang Tatjana E , Houben Michiel L , van Rijn Bas B , Nikkels Peter GJ
Published: July 2018

Introduction

Prepregnancy obesity is a growing global health problem and has several risks for mother and child. The aim of this study was to systematically examine the effect of increased maternal body mass index (BMI) on placental pathology in otherwise uneventful term pregnancies.

Methods

In this analysis, we studied data of the Netherlands Amniotic Fluid study, a prospective study of women delivering in Utrecht, the Netherlands, between 2006 and 2007. We included women with uncomplicated pregnancies, vaginal delivery, and data on prepregnancy weight and height (n = 382). Placental histopathology was compared between women of normal BMI (≤24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2).

Results

Increasing prepregnancy BMI was associated with heavier placentas and higher mean infant’s birth weight. In addition, obesity was positively associated with high-grade chronic villitis (odds ratio [OR]: 18.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6–205.2), accelerated villous maturation (OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0–1.2), and lower incidence of placental weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–1.0). There was a substantial effect of parity on maternal, placental, and neonatal weights.

Conclusions

Even in uncomplicated pregnancies, maternal obesity is associated with characteristic changes in placental pathology. Further research is needed to evaluate these changes in view of later-life health of infants born to obese mothers.
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: An Increasingly Recognized Public Health Problem
Authors: Murakami Takuya , Akimoto Tetsu , Yamazaki Tomoyuki , Yoshizawa Hiromichi , Okada Mari , Miki Atsushi , Nakagawa Saki , Ohara Ken , Sugase Taro , Masuda Takahiro , Kobayashi Takahisa , Saito Osamu , Muto Shigeaki , Nagata Daisuke
Published: July 2018

A 28-year-old man was referred and admitted to our hospital due to Escherichia coli O157–mediated hemorrhagic colitis with severe thrombocytopenia. A systemic workup concluded that the patient had acute pancreatitis as well as hemolytic uremic syndrome. The patient was ultimately discharged, with his platelet count having recovered. Our case serves an illustrative example of potentially serious complications of an increasingly recognized public health problem. Systemic studies on this topic are insufficient, and we strongly recommend the further accumulation of more experiences like ours. Several diagnostic and management concerns that emerged in this case are also discussed.
The role of digital technology in teen mothers’ and their children’s literacy
Authors: Murphy Sharon , Headley Marva
Published: July 2018

Teen mothers and their children are often seen as being involved in a cycle of low literacy. However, as people whose lives have paralleled societal changes in literacy and digital technology, there is a possibility that the literacy experiences of today’s teen mothers and their children differ from those of the past. This study explores the role of digital technology in the literacy lives of teen mothers and their children. Eight teen mothers were interviewed about their recollections of their early childhoods as well as their contemporary experiences with digital technology in their own lives and in the lives of their children. The early experiences of teen mothers were both educational and entertainment oriented, whereas their later experiences are quite varied. However, the experiences that their children have with digital technology and literacy reflect a prioritization of educational uses as well as a managed approach to their children’s engagements that also emphasizes the children’s interests and development.
I’m gonna get it for my birthday: Young children’s interpretive reproduction of literacy practices in school
Authors: Henning Lucy
Published: July 2018

In this paper, I argue that the mainstream assumptions that inform current educational policy and practice for young children’s in-school literacy development in schools are insufficient to secure a helpful account of young children’s classroom literacy practices. A particular problem lies with the reliance of such policy and practice on perspectives that assume, first, that literacy acquisition comprises the orderly acquisition of predefined concepts, skills and knowledge; and second, that the task of schools is to bring individual children’s concepts, skills and knowledge of literacy in line with what is considered ‘normal’ for their age. I argue that such perspectives are too narrow to secure a clear enough view of the complex phenomenon of young children’s encounter with being taught to read and write in school. In this paper, I present two alternative theoretical lenses through which the familiar phenomenon of young children’s encounter with being schooled in literacy can be viewed: first, that of Literacy as a Social Practice (henceforth LSP); and second, that of ‘interpretive reproduction’, a theoretical account of young children’s participation in their social worlds developed by William Corsaro. To demonstrate how helpful such perspectives can be in understanding the familiar phenomenon of young children’s literacy schooling, I apply them to the analysis of one child, Dean’s, encounter with schooled literacy within the social world of an early twenty-first century London classroom.
Managing advertising agency client partnerships for value co-creation: Characteristics, categories, and challenges
Authors: Díaz-Méndez Montserrat , Saren Michael
Published: July 2018

This article examines the role and characteristics of professional client partners in the value co-creation process. Previous literature has studied the role of clients in the co-creation process; however, the effects of different characteristics of clients on co-creation of value are less clear. This study examines these through a research design comprising depth multiple case studies of client relationships with professional service firms (PSFs). Empirical primary data were collected from in situ in-depth interviews with senior account managers in leading advertising agencies in Spain. Our initial results suggested that the type of clients and their characteristics was important for determining the potential and approach to managing their relationships for positive value creation. Further analysis identified key client characteristics and a classification of four types of clients: low involved novice clients, highly involved novice clients, control-concerned expert clients, and integration-concerned expert clients. We also found that not all client relationships resulted in positive value creation because some eventually produce detrimental or negative value consequence. We conceptualize this as the value depletion circle (VDC) and discuss the practical and theoretical implications of this phenomenon. Finally, alternative service relationships scenarios are described which can help institutions understand success and failure in their value creation relations and practices with clients and partners of different types. The contribution of this article is threefold. First, it analyses theoretically the role of client in the service co-creation process. Second, our multi-case study develops a classification of PSF clients into four categories. Third, we explain how dealing with called complex clients may generate a vicious circle, the VDC, which in the long run can seriously damage the sector image.
Renegotiating relationships: Theorising shared experiences of dementia within the dyadic career
Authors: Fletcher James Rupert
Published: July 2018

The dyad is increasingly recognised as a key site of experiences of dementia, yet theoretical accounts of the dyad remain poor; 21st-century political developments regarding dementia have changed the ways in which the dyad is perceived, from the carer as victim to the person with dementia as victim. Across both approaches, a problematic dichotomy of two individuals remains. The concept of ‘joint career’, developed from Goffman’s ‘moral career’, offers an alternative approach to shared dyadic experiences of dementia. Using data from interviews with people affected by dementia regarding their experiences of dementia, this paper presents an account of the dyadic career, a patterned trajectory of shared experience. The introduction of dementia into pre-existing dyads entails the renegotiation of longstanding roles. As role transformation progresses, increasing difficulties lead to the creation of symbolic boundaries denoting the limits of the care-giver role. When those boundaries are encountered, they are often transgressed, and the dyadic career hardens as it continues, becoming work-like and less affective. This hardening of relationships is grounded in nihilism, apprehension and objectification.
What is conservatism? History, ideology and party
Authors: Bourke Richard
Published: July 2018

Is there a political philosophy of conservatism? A history of the phenomenon written along sceptical lines casts doubt on the existence of a transhistorical doctrine, or even an enduring conservative outlook. The main typologies of conservatism uniformly trace its origins to opposition to the French Revolution. Accordingly, Edmund Burke is standardly singled out as the ‘father’ of this style of politics. Yet Burke was de facto an opposition Whig who devoted his career to assorted programmes of reform. In restoring Burke to his original milieu, the argument presented here takes issue with 20th-century accounts of conservative ideology developed by such figures as Karl Mannheim, Klaus Epstein and Samuel Huntington. It argues that the idea of a conservative tradition is best seen as a belated construction, and that the notion of a univocal philosophy of conservatism is basically misconceived.
LED lighting for improving trip object detection for a walk-thru roof bolter
Authors: Sammarco JJ , Macdonald BD , Demich B , Rubinstein EN , Martell MJ
Published: July 2018

Proper lighting plays a critical role in enabling miners to detect hazards when operating a roof bolter, one of the most dangerous mining machines to operate; however, there has not been any lighting research to address the walk-thru type of roof bolter commonly used today. To address this, the Saturn light was designed to directly address walk-thru roof bolter safety by improving trip hazard illumination. The visual performances of 30 participants that comprised three age groups were quantified by measuring each participant's visual performance in detecting trip objects positioned on the two floor locations within the machine's interior working space. The lighting conditions were the existing compact fluorescent lights (CFLs) and the Saturn LED area light developed by NIOSH researchers. Three intensities of the Saturn lights were used, 100%, 75%, and 50%, all of which resulted in better visual performance, and up to a 48% reduction in average trip detection time compared to the CFL. For the Saturn trip object miss rates were <0.5% for all age groups in contrast to the CFL, which ranged between 32.5% for the youngest group and 50.4% for the oldest group.
What Cognitive Interviews Tell Us about Bias in Cross-cultural Research
Authors: Benítez Isabel , Padilla José Luis , van de Vijver Fons , Cuevas Amaya
Published: July 2018

This study illustrates how the cognitive interviewing (CI) method can provide qualitative evidence of item, construct, and method bias in cross-cultural research. CI was conducted with participants from the Netherlands and Spain, who responded to quality-of-life (QoL) items included in international survey research projects. Qualitative findings indicate that, at the construct level, Spanish participants were more affected by the particular wording of the item stems, which made them modify their understanding of the intended constructs while answering, whereas Dutch participants were more focused on being consistent in their responses. At the item level, differences in the interpretation of key terms in QoL items were mainly related to translation and cultural issues. Method bias was manifested in the differential use of response options and anchor labels. Results of the study support the contribution and usefulness of CI to informing about the three types of bias from a qualitative approach.
Computational simulation of nonlinear liquid sloshing in a tank truck
Authors: Yu Di , Chu Jiangwei
Published: July 2018

Liquid sloshing in the tank of a tank truck is one of the important factors affecting the driving stability of the tank truck. When the external motivation is larger, the liquid sloshing phenomenon shows the nonlinear characteristics of the movement, causing rollover accidents. Therefore, it is of practical significance to study the movement of a tank car to improve its stability. Based on the equivalent pendulum mechanical model under nonlinear condition, the liquid sloshing nonlinear motion of a tank was investigated. A simulated liquid sloshing test bench was used to verify the validity of the nonlinear model. This study provides a theoretical basis to improve the driving stability of a tank truck.
Static output feedback H∞ control for active suspension system with input delay and parameter uncertainty
Authors: Wang Kuiyang , He Ping , Tang Jinhua , Chen Jiangcheng
Published: July 2018

This article focuses on static output feedback [Formula: see text] control for active suspension system with input delay and parameter uncertainty. The parameter uncertainty of active suspension system model, input delay of actuator, input disturbance of road, and measurement output disturbance are simultaneously introduced in active suspension system. A kind of static output feedback [Formula: see text] controller is designed, which can consider the above factors, simultaneously. First of all, the mathematical model of quarter-vehicle active suspension system and the system state equation are established. Second, the static output feedback [Formula: see text] controller is designed by employing the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional for system state equations without or with disturbance. The design problem of static output feedback [Formula: see text] controller for closed-loop system is transformed into the solving problem of linear matrix inequality. Finally, according to the designed controller and the specific vehicle parameters, the simulation model of quarter-vehicle active suspension system is established. And the simulations of three cases, for example, without disturbance, only with input disturbance, and with input disturbance and output disturbance, are exploited to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Taste and dissolution of theophylline extended-release dry syrups
Authors: Chono Sumio , Ikeda Akari , Ishikawa Shiori , Togami Kohei
Published: July 2018

Objectives

In this study, we examined the taste and dissolution of theophylline extended-release dry syrups using one branded and six generic formulations.

Methods

Healthy volunteers underwent sensory testing to assess the syrup taste. Drug dissolution was examined using in vitro dissolution tests. Results and discussion: Syrup taste, including sweetness, bitterness, and aftertaste, was different between formulations. These differences can likely be attributed to the presence of different pharmaceutical additives between formulations. Our results indicated that syrup aftertaste was dependent on the level of sweetness and bitterness. In addition, dissolution behaviors were different between formulations, suggesting bio-inequivalence between formulations. These differences likely reflect the use of different controlled-release technologies between formulations.

Conclusions

This study provides useful information for selecting branded or generic theophylline extended-release dry syrups for individualized treatments.
East is not right: Spatial compatibility differs between egocentric and cardinal retrieval
Authors: Wang Qi , Taylor Holly A , Brunyé Tad T
Published: July 2018

Four experiments examined perceptuo-motor associations involved in spatial knowledge encoding and retrieval. Participants learned spatial information by studying a map or by navigating through a real environment and then verified spatial descriptions based on either egocentric or cardinal directional terms. Participants moved the computer mouse to a YES or NO button to verify each statement. We tracked mouse cursor trajectories to examine perceptuo-motor associations in spatial knowledge. An encoding hypothesis predicts that perceptuo-motor associations depend on the involvement of perceptions and actions during encoding, regardless of how spatial knowledge would be used. The retrieval hypothesis predicts that perceptuo-motor associations change as a function of retrieval demands, regardless of how they are learned. The results supported the retrieval hypothesis. Participants showed action compatibility effects with egocentric retrieval, regardless of how spatial information was learned. With well-developed spatial knowledge, a reliable compatibility effect emerged during egocentric retrieval, but no or limited compatibility effects emerged with cardinal retrieval. With less-developed knowledge, the compatibility effects evident during cardinal retrieval suggest a process of egocentric recoding. Other factors of environment learning, such as location proximity and orientation changes, also impacted the compatibility effect, as revealed in the temporal dynamics of mouse movements. Taken together, the results demonstrate that retrieval demands differentially rely upon perceptuo-motor associations in long-term spatial knowledge. This effect is also modulated by environment experience, proximity of learned locations, and experienced orientations.