bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Programa de ejercicios excéntricos en tendinopatías para atletas de alto rendimiento.
Authors: Castro Maldonado Pamela Guadalupe
Published: January 2021

Introducción: En 2017, en la Ciudad de México, se realizó una estadística sobre las principales patologías en atletas de alto rendimiento. Basado en los hallazgos encontrados, se revisan los conceptos, tratamientos y abordajes, con relación a las tendinopatías. Se describen protocolos de ejercicios excéntricos, que demostraron la eficacia del ejercicio excéntrico. La eficacia de este tipo de ejercicio, se debe a la respuesta de los tendones al entrenamiento excéntrico. La tendinopatía, nombre colectivo para tendinitis, tendinosis y paratendinitis, es el síndrome clínico, que describe las lesiones por uso excesivo del tendón. Se caracteriza por una combinación de dolor, inflamación difusa o localizada y pérdida de la función, daño térmico y respuestas compresivas adaptativas. Objetivo: Establecer la eficacia de los protocolos de ejercicios excéntricos, desde su concepción hasta su aplicación, a padecimientos de tendinopatía y enunciar la ventaja que tienen sobre otros tipos de ejercicios. Metodología: Se describen los protocolos de ejercicios excéntricos, que demostraron la eficacia del ejercicio excéntrico. La eficacia de este tipo de ejercicio, se debe a la respuesta de los tendones al entrenamiento excéntrico. Resultados: En esta revisión bibliográfica, se reportan que los programas de ejercicios excéntricos, bien diseñados, mejoran significativamente a los pacientes con tendinopatías y los resultados se mantienen a medio-largo plazo. Conclusiones: La revisión de la literatura que aquí se presenta arroja luz sobre los beneficios que tienen los ejercicios excéntricos, especialmente, en el proceso metabólico y en las propiedades mecánicas en el tendón, lo cual, específicamente, ayuda a la evolución favorable de estas patologías.
UJI KOMPARASI LIKUIDITAS, PROFITABILITAS DAN SOLVABILITAS SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH AKUISISI (STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PERIODE 2012-2013)
Authors: Fernandes Maleakhi , Diana Patricia
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji perbedaan likuiditas, profitabilitas dan solvabilitas perusahaan yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2012-2013 selain sektor keuangan pada periode sebelum dan sesudah akuisisi. Likuiditas diproksikan dengan Current Ratio, profitabilitas diproksikan dengan Return on Asset Ratio, Return on Equity Ratio dan Net Profit Margin Ratio, serta solvabilitas diproksikan dengan Debt to Total Asset Ratio dan Debt to Total Equity Ratio. Penelitian ini menggunakan data berbagai perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selain sektor keuangan yang melakukan akuisisi pada periode 2012-2013. Sampel penelitian diambil dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sampel yang memenuhi kriteria dalam penelitian sebanyak lima perusahaan. Uji normalitas dilakukan dengan metode Kolmogorov Smirnov dan uji hipotesis dilakukan dengan metode Paired Sample t-test apabila data terdistribusi normal dan Wilcoxon Signed Rank test apabila data tidak terdistribusi normal. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan untuk likuiditas yang diproksikan dengan Current Ratio, profitabilitas yang diproksikan dengan Return on Asset Ratio, Return on Equity Ratio dan Net Profit Margin Ratio, serta solvabilitas yang diproksikan dengan Debt to Total Asset Ratio dan Debt to Total Equity Ratio.

Kata Kunci: Akuisisi, Likuiditas, Profitabilitas, Solvabilitas
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL DAN SOLVABILITAS TERHADAP AUDIT DELAY (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2015-2018)
Authors: Gunawan Ervina , Harjanto Karina
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research is to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of profitability, firm size, institutional ownership, and solvability towards audit delay. Dependent variable in this research is audit delay, and independent variables are profitability, firm size, institutional ownership, and solvability. The profitability was measured by return on asset (ROA), firm size was measured by natural logarithm (ln) total asset, institutional ownership was measured by number of shares owned by institution divided by outstanding share, and solvability was measured by debt to total asset ratio (DAR). The object of this research is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The sample of this research was selected by using purposive sampling method. Secondary data taken from annual report and financial report also analyzed by using multiple regression method. There are 21 manufacture firms selected as sample that had been listed on the IDX since 2015-2018. The result of this research are (1) profitability has no effect toward audit delay, (2) firm size has effect toward audit delay, (3) institutional ownership has effect toward audit delay, (4) Solvability has no effect toward audit delay, (5) profitability, firm size, institutional ownership, and solvability simultaneously have effect toward audit delay.

 

Keywords: Audit delay, Firm Size, Institutional Ownership, Profitability, Solvability
ENDOWMENT EFFECT DURING COVID-19 IN INDONESIA - BEHAVIORAL STUDY ON UNIVERSITY STUDENT’S PERCEPTION FOR MEDICAL MASK PRICE
Authors: Kiky Andreas
Published: January 2021

Behavioral study about how people make decision becomes very popular nowadays. Many various researches address a problem or an error in people action. One of the errors that would like to be explored in this article is endowment effect. Endowment effect explains that people perceive fairness based on prior knowledge or a “frame” that put into their mind. This would be a problem because it could cause inconsistency in people action. Purpose of this research is to detect the endowment effect on university student when COVID-19 is taking place. The issue that would like to be explored is medical mask price increase during this outbreak. Simple survey on two groups of university students is conducted to detect this endowment effect. If the response from research respondents is the same on both groups then there is no endowment effect. Independent t-test is applied to test research hypothesis and validate the result. The finding is quite surprising; there is inconsistency between descriptive and hypothetical result. Most of respondents agree that the price is actually tradable at Rp 4,000 (it increases from normal price and about 0.27 USD) but they are reluctant to say this action fair. Some discussion and analysis are performed to expand this finding.

 

Key Words: Behavioral Economics, Bounded Rationality, Endowment Effect, Opportunity Cost, and Self-Control
Softwarevermitteltes Forschen, Lehren und Lernen mit der Dokumentarischen Methode
Authors: Schäffer Burkhard , Klinge Denise , Krämer Franz
Published: January 2021

Am Beispiel der Entwicklung von DokuMet QDA, einer neuen Software für die Auswertung mit der Dokumentarischen Methode wird in dem Beitrag empirisch und theoretisch rekonstruiert, wie methodisches und methodologisches Wissen in Software ‚eingeschrieben‘ wird. Die hierbei auftretenden ‚Übersetzungsprozesse‘ zwischen Methodenexpert*innen auf der einen und Programmierer*innen auf der anderen Seite werden empirisch anhand der Analyse unterschiedlicher Dokumente rekonstruiert, die bei dem Entwicklungsprozess anfallen. Folgende Fragen werden behandelt: Wie lässt sich (implizites) Methodenwissen in Software ‚übersetzen‘? Was geht dabei verloren und was kommt hinzu? Wie lässt sich also eine Methode ‚technisieren‘ und welche Folgen hat dies für Kontexte von Methodenausbildung? In den programmatischen Schlussfolgerungen wird argumentiert, dass der Forschungsprozess mittels Software intersubjektiv überprüfbarer, damit transparenter und so damit auch besser lehrbar gemacht werden kann.
Die Online-Netzwerkstatt AQUA e.V. für Promovierende: Weggefährt*innen zwischen Technik, E-Science und Gruppenprozessen
Authors: Pohl-Mayerhöfer Renate , Beck Anneka , Grinke Silke , Haase Judith , Hantsch Robert , Haupt Stephanie , Reinke Hartmut , Scheumann Inga , Weigt Julia
Published: January 2021

Die Online-Forschungswerkstatt AQUA besteht seit ca. 17 Jahren, der Beitrag zeichnet nach, in welche Richtung sie sich entwickelte. Nach Darstellung der Genese von AQUA (1) erfolgt eine Anbindung an den Diskurs über die besonderen Herausforderungen der Promotionsphase (2). Es wird die Online-Netzwerkstatt AQUA e.V. in ihrer spezifischen Positionierung als Variante einer Struktur qualitativen Forschens vorgestellt (3). Der Artikel schließt mit der Beschreibung vom Ablauf der Sitzungen, der Lernumgebung und der genutzten Technologie, insbesondere der Nutzung bestimmter Funktionen der neuen Generation sozialer Software im Web 2.0 (4).
Das Familiengespräch als vernachlässigte Kategorie? Intergenerationale Erfahrungsräume im Fokus dokumentarischer Rekonstruktion
Authors: Haag Hanna
Published: January 2021

Der vorliegende Beitrag greift die bislang weitgehend ausgebliebene Berücksichtigung des Familiengesprächs in methodologischen sowie forschungspraktischen Reflexionen der dokumentarischen Methode auf. Anhand empirischen Materials aus einem Projekt zur familialen Tradierung DDR-bezogener Orientierungen werden die Besonderheiten einer dokumentarischen Analyse von Familiengesprächen insbesondere mit Bezug zu den Begrifflichkeiten der Intergenerationalität und Rahmenkomplementarität vorgestellt. Auf diese Weise lässt sich die in der dokumentarischen Methode angeregte Diskussion um die Mehrdimensionalität von Erfahrungsräumen, die sich bislang auf die Interaktion in pädagogischen Einrichtungen bezieht, um die familiale respektive intergenerationale Kommunikation erweitern. Insbesondere die Heterogenität und Differenz konjunktiver Erfahrungsräume, die in der Analyse von Familiengesprächen evident werden, stellen die dokumentarische Methode vor neue Herausforderungen, die es zu reflektieren gilt.
Diamond Subgraphs in the Reduction Graph of a One-Rule String Rewriting System
Authors: Adinayev Arthur , Stein Itamar
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we study a certain case of a subgraph isomorphism problem. We consider the Hasse diagram of the lattice Mk (the unique lattice with k + 2 elements and one anti-chain of length k) and find the maximal k for which it is isomorphic to a subgraph of the reduction graph of a given one-rule string rewriting system. We obtain a complete characterization for this problem and show that there is a dichotomy. There are one-rule string rewriting systems for which the maximal such k is 2 and there are cases where there is no maximum. No other intermediate option is possible.
Optimal Wirelength of Balanced Complete Multipartite Graphs onto Cartesian Product of {Path, Cycle} and Trees
Authors: Arockiaraj Micheal , Delaila J. Nancy , Abraham Jessie
Published: January 2021

In any interconnection network, task allocation plays a major role in the processor speed as fair distribution leads to enhanced performance. Complete multipartite networks serve well for this purpose as the task can be split into different partites which improves the degree of reliability of the network. Such an allocation process in the network can be done by means of graph embedding. The optimal wirelength of a graph embedding helps in the distribution of deterministic algorithms from the guest graph to other host graphs in order to incorporate its unique deterministic properties on that chosen graph. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to compute the optimal wirelength of balanced complete multipartite graphs onto the Cartesian product of trees with path and cycle. Moreover, we derive the closed formulae for wirelengths in specific trees like (1-rooted) complete binary tree and sibling graphs.
Causal-Consistent Replay Reversible Semantics for Message Passing Concurrent Programs
Authors: Lanese Ivan , Palacios Adrián , Vidal Germán
Published: January 2021

Causal-consistent reversible debugging is an innovative technique for debugging concurrent systems. It allows one to go back in the execution focusing on the actions that most likely caused a visible misbehavior. When such an action is selected, the debugger undoes it, including all and only its consequences. This operation is called a causal-consistent rollback. In this way, the user can avoid being distracted by the actions of other, unrelated processes. In this work, we introduce its dual notion: causal-consistent replay. We allow the user to record an execution of a running program and, in contrast to traditional replay debuggers, to reproduce a visible misbehavior inside the debugger including all and only its causes. Furthermore, we present a unified framework that combines both causal-consistent replay and causal-consistent rollback. Although most of the ideas that we present are rather general, we focus on a popular functional and concurrent programming language based on message passing: Erlang.
Association of Malnutrition with Functional and Cognitive Trajectories in People Living with Dementia: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Borda Miguel Germán , Ayala Copete Ana María , Tovar-Rios Diego Alejandro , Jaramillo-Jimenez Alberto , Giil Lasse Melvær , Soennesyn Hogne , Gómez-Arteaga Camilo , Venegas-Sanabria Luis Carlos , Kristiansen Ida , Chavarro-Carvajal Diego Andrés , Caicedo Sandra , Cano-Gutierrez Carlos Alberto , Vik-Mo Audun , Aarsland Dag
Published: January 2021

Background:

In dementia, functional status depends on multiple factors in addition to cognition. Nutritional status is a potentially modifiable factor related to homeostasis and proper functioning of body systems and may contribute to cognitive and functional decline.

Objective:

This paper aims to analyze the association of malnutrition with the course of cognitive and functional decline in people living with dementia.

Methods:

This is an analysis of a longitudinal cohort study, the Dementia Study of Western Norway. Data of 202 patients diagnosed with mild dementia were analyzed; Alzheimer’s disease (AD) ( n = 103), Lewy body dementia (LBD) ( n = 74), and other dementias (OD) ( n = 25). Cognition was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination and functional decline through the activities of daily living included in the Rapid Disability Rating Scale. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition Index was used to determine nutritional status. Associations of nutritional status with cognitive and functional decline were evaluated through adjusted linear mixed models.

Results:

At baseline, the prevalence of general malnutrition was 28.7%; 17.3% were classified as moderate malnutrition and 11.38% as severe malnutrition (there were no significant differences between AD and LBD). Malnutrition at diagnosis and over follow-up was a significant predictor of functional-decline, but not of cognitive decline.

Conclusion:

According to our results malnutrition was associated with faster functional loss but, not cognitive decline in older adults with dementia. A more comprehensive dementia approach including nutritional assessments could improve prognosis.
Age-Related Neuronal Deterioration Specifically Within the Dorsal CA1 Region of the Hippocampus in a Mouse Model of Late Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Mehder Rasha H. , Bennett Brian M. , Andrew R. David
Published: January 2021

Background:

Neuronal damage resulting from increased oxidative stress is important in the development of late onset/age-related Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). We have developed an oxidative stress–related mouse model of LOAD based on gene deletion of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), an enzyme important for the detoxification of endogenous aldehydes arising from lipid peroxidation. Compared to wildtype (WT) mice, the knockout (KO) mice exhibit AD-like pathologies and a progressive decline in recognition and spatial memory. This progression presumably has a morphological basis induced by oxidative damage.

Objective:

We performed morphometric analyses in the dorsal hippocampal CA1 region (dCA1) to determine if altered neuronal structure can help account for the progressive cognitive impairment in 3- to 12-month-old KO mice.

Methods:

Dendritic morphology was quantitatively analyzed by branched structured analysis and Sholl analysis following Golgi-Cox staining in WT mice (148 neurons) versus KO mice (180 neurons).

Results:

The morphology and complexity of dCA1 pyramidal neurons were similar at age 3 months in WTs and KOs. However, by 6 months there were significant reductions in apical and basal dendritic length, dendrite complexity, and spine density in KO versus WT mice that were maintained through ages 9 and 12 months. Immunostaining for protein adducts of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal revealed significant increases in staining in dCA1 (but not ventral CA1) by 3 months, increasing through 12 months.

Conclusion:

This specific and progressive increase in dCA1 oxidative damage preceded detectable synaptic trimming in KO mice, in keeping with studies showing that lesions to dorsal hippocampus primarily impair cognitive memory.
Modifiable, Non-Modifiable, and Clinical Factors Associated with Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Loeffler David A.
Published: January 2021

There is an extensive literature relating to factors associated with the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but less is known about factors which may contribute to its progression. This review examined the literature with regard to 15 factors which were suggested by PubMed search to be positively associated with the cognitive and/or neuropathological progression of AD. The factors were grouped as potentially modifiable (vascular risk factors, comorbidities, malnutrition, educational level, inflammation, and oxidative stress), non-modifiable (age at clinical onset, family history of dementia, gender, Apolipoprotein E ɛ4, genetic variants, and altered gene regulation), and clinical (baseline cognitive level, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and extrapyramidal signs). Although conflicting results were found for the majority of factors, a positive association was found in nearly all studies which investigated the relationship of six factors to AD progression: malnutrition, genetic variants, altered gene regulation, baseline cognitive level, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and extrapyramidal signs. Whether these or other factors which have been suggested to be associated with AD progression actually influence the rate of decline of AD patients is unclear. Therapeutic approaches which include addressing of modifiable factors associated with AD progression should be considered.
Effort-Based Decision-Making for Exercise in People with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Colón-Semenza Cristina , Fulford Daniel , Ellis Terry
Published: January 2021

Background: People with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD) are less active than their age-matched peers. Non-motor symptoms, specifically, deficient motivation, may influence decision-making for exercise due to the impaired mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if effort-based decision-making for physical effort was different in PwPD compared to healthy controls. We sought to determine the relationship between effort-based decision making for exercise and a discrete motor task as well as the impact of components of motivation on decision-making for physical effort in PwPD. Methods: An effort-based decision-making paradigm using a discrete motor task (button pressing) and a continuous exercise task (cycling) was implemented in 32 PwPD and 23 healthy controls. Components of motivation were measured using the Apathy Scale and the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale- Anticipatory Pleasure scale. Results: The presence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) did not moderate decisions for either physical effort task. There was a moderate correlation between decisions for both tasks, within each group. The anticipation of pleasure and apathy were predictors of decisions for both physical effort tasks in PwPD, but not in healthy controls. Conclusion: PwPD responded similarly to effort and reward valuations compared to those without PD. Individuals were consistent in their decisions, regardless of the physical effort task. The anticipation of pleasure and apathy were significant predictors of decisions for exercise in PwPD only. Increased anticipation of pleasure, reduction of apathy, and the use of rewards may enhance engagement in high effort exercise among PwPD.
Toracoxifopagia em ovinos neonatos – relato de caso
Authors:   Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau, Leite Ana Greice Borba , Silva Weliton Galdino da ,   Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau, Oliveira Daniela ,   Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco, Torres Márcia Bersane Araújo de Medeiros ,   Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco
Published: January 2021

Thoracoxypophagia consists of the union of two fetuses by the chest and xiphoid region, it is a rare congenital alteration. This study aimed to report a case of thoracoxypophagia in sheep. A sheep with dystocic delivery was attended, who had the first fetus of normal birth, but lifeless, requiring a cesarean section for the second birth. After the surgery, a congenital malformation of the thoracoxypophagia type was found between two fetuses, who were stillborn. Similar reports have not been found in the literature, as it is a rare condition, which may be related to several factors, such as viruses, drugs, teratogenic plants and inbreeding, leading to gestation to a dysthocic delivery and incompatibility with life.
RELASI FILOSOFIS ISLAM NUSANTARA DENGAN HINDU NUSANTARA DALAM HINDU TOLOTANG DI KABUPATEN SIDRAP SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: HS Muhammad Alwi , MZ Shofiyullah , Amiruddin Zulfajri
Published: January 2021

This study aims to discuss the philosophical relation of the persecution and developing traditions in Islam Nusantara and Hindu Nusantara. This departs from the thesis that religious humans can not be separated from the tradition that encloses, even though the tradition does not make him satisfied in religion. This research is a field study, which describes as well as analyzing sources obtained from the results of interviews, observation, and documentation of the Hindu Tolotang group in Kelurahan Amparita Sidrap Regency, South Sulawesi. The results of this study say that Hindu Nusantara and Islam Nusantara are both able to finalize his teachings with the context of human life he encountered. The results of religious dialogue and contexts read in this study include tradition in the form of worship and social, visit the cemetery, marriage, pay promises or nazar, and respect for the leader or kiai. These four traditions show philosophical relation with each in its context. This shows that many traditions of marketing awakening in Islam and Hindu are maintained through Islam Nusantara initiated by the Nahdlatul Ulama and Hindu Nusantara initiated Hindu Tolotang. This article also shows that there is an understanding of Islam Nusantara and Hindu Nusantara which assesses the fact that Indonesia is a multicultural, pluralistic country that brings together religion and local culture.
Implicações do Recurso Extraordinário 1.231.883 e das Teses de Repercussão Geral 157 e 835: uma análise da competência dos Tribunais de Contas
Authors: Araújo Meneses Lucas , Pereira Fortinho de Miranda Sá João Marcelo
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo tem como escopo a análise das implicações da decisão monocrática do Recurso Extraordinário nº 1.231.883 e das teses de Repercussão Geral 157 e 835 ao controle externo exercido pelos Tribunais de Contas quanto às prestações de contas de gestão de Prefeitos que atuam como ordenadores de despesas. Desse modo, realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico, jurisprudencial e doutrinário acerca da problemática da competência das Cortes de Contas para julgar as prestações de contas de gestão nesse caso, no qual se ressalvou os efeitos deletérios à Administração Pública de tais decisórios do Supremo Tribunal Federal, haja vista o julgamento de cunho político e ineficaz da Câmara Municipal. Por fim, conclui-se que o entendimento da Corte Suprema não merece prosperar, visto que obsta e enfraquece o controle externo de tais tribunais.
МЕТОДИКА РОЗРАХУНКУ МАТЕРІАЛЬНИХ РЕЗЕРВІВ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ МЕХАНІЗМУ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ СИЛАМИ ЦИВІЛЬНОГО ЗАХИСТУ
Authors: Єлісєєв Валерій , Пруський Андрій , Тищенко Василь , Власенко Євген
Published: January 2021

Важливим елементом управлінської діяльності є підготовка та прийняття обґрунтованих управлінських рішень Ефективність функціонування єдиної державної системи цивільного захисту (ЄДСЦЗ) в цілому визначається оперативністю дій сил цивільного захисту (ЦЗ). Сили цивільного захисту – це аварійно-рятувальні формування, спеціалізовані служби та інші формування цивільного захисту, призначені для проведення аварійно-рятувальних та інших невідкладних робіт (АРІНР) з ліквідації наслідків надзвичайних ситуацій (НС). Тривалість проведення різного виду робіт залежить від достатнього запасу матеріального резерву, що використовується при виконанні робіт, та визначає час ліквідації НС та її наслідків, тим самим впливає на кількість людських жертв і об’єм матеріальних збитків від НС. У науковій статті на основі аналізу завдань визначених Кодексом цивільного захисту а також дій органів управління та сил цивільного захисту у надзвичайних ситуаціях пропонується математичний апарат визначення необхідних (достатніх) матеріальних резервів для підвищення ефективності дій підрозділів сил цивільного захисту при ліквідації наслідків надзвичайних ситуацій як інструмент механізму державного управління силами цивільного захисту. Матеріальні резерви необхідні для забезпечення експлуатації та ремонту техніки та озброєння можуть утворювати комплекти матеріальних резервів або матеріальні резерви за окремими типами елементів на складах. Комплектні матеріальних резервів, у свою чергу, можна поділити на об’єктові (на один тип техніки) та групові (на групу однотипних об’єктів техніки). У статті розроблено математичний апарат розрахунку матеріальних резервів необхідних для забезпечення експлуатації техніки та озброєння при виконанні аварійно-рятувальних та інших видів робіт. Для оцінки впливу матеріальних резервів на ефективність функціонування підрозділів сил цивільного захисту при ліквідації НС та їх наслідків використовуються деякі показники надійності озброєння.
BOAR SPERM SURVIVAL ABILITY IN DISTINCTORS OF DIFFERENTLY PRODUCED DISTILLED WATER
Authors: Martynyuk Irina , Stryzhak Tetiana , Sakhatsky G. I.
Published: January 2021

Testing and comparative evaluation of germ cells in boars of Landrace breed of different genotypes on qualitative and quantitative indicators, for further use in diluents of different distilled water, is carried out.

Studies have shown that the quantitative and qualitative indicators of sperm production of French boars had the highest ejaculate volume and sperm count among other boars. Boars of domestic selection had the highest concentration of sperms, and boars of English selection prevailed in terms of motility.

The results of research show that among the tested ejaculates the best sperm at a dilution of 1: 1 were found in boars of English Landrace pig breed, the absolute survival rate of which was (Sa) - 732.4 um. from according to the degree of rarefaction 1: 2 - 1: 3, the highest rate had ejaculates of boars of French selection, the studied indicator of which was (Sa) - 720.9 (Sa) - 708.8 um. from in accordance. The use of distilled water of foreign production has improved the survival rates of boar semen compared to distilled water of domestic production, which is produced directly at the artificial insemination point of the farm. Thus, according to this indicator, the semen of domestic boars lived 3.7 hours or 3.4% less than the semen of French boars and 8.8 hours or 5.3 % less than the semen of English boars. The thinning of semen in other degrees did not reveal a probable difference between boars.

Analysis of these studies shows that the semen of boars of English selection prevailed on the studied indicator of semen of other boars when used in diluents of water of foreign, domestic and local production (obtained at the point of artificial insemination of the farm).
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM BY-PRODUCTS DURING CHAROLET MEAT BREEDING
Authors: Piskun Victor , Osipenko Tatyana , Sikun Nikolay
Published: January 2021

It should be noted that animal husbandry is widespread in all regions of Ukraine. The article examines greenhouse gas emissions from beef cattle production in the winter. At the beginning of 2019, the herd of Charolais beef cattle had about 485 heads, including 150 cows, heifers - 41 heads, breeding bulls - 2 heads, fattening cows - 5 heads and young animals of different ages - 287 heads of different age groups consumed rations according to the sex and age of the groups.

Emissions were determined taking into account the structure of the herd, feed consumption and the obtained data of gross energy consumption by different sex and age groups of cattle. The consumed energy was determined taking into account the amount of feed consumed and the content in it of mass fractions of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and nitrogen-free extractives. Based on gross energy consumed by animals and traits of by-products, the values of methane emissions, direct and indirect nitrogen emissions were determined both in absolute values and in specific ones per conventional head and CO2 equivalent for the winter period of the year.

With a herd of 485 heads, the animals consume 97416592.72 MJ of energy per day, which is determined taking into account the mass fractions of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and without nitrogenous extractives. The yield of by-products per day is 18774 kg, for the whole winter period - 1107666 kg.

It is established that in the production of beef from Charolais beef cattle in winter in the Kharkiv region, Ukraine greenhouse gas emissions in the preparation of organic waste amounted to 66157.566 kg in CO2 equivalent per conventional head, while emissions from the herd for the winter was: methane – 63887.491 CO2 kg, and direct and indirect nitrogen emissions in CO2 equivalent – 34.047 and 2236.028 kg, respectively.
THE USING EFFICIENCY OF PROBIOTICS, BASED ON LACTIC ACID BACTERIA, DURING THE RATION COMPOSITION CHANGE PERIOD AT THE LACTATION TRANSIT PHASE in DAIRY COWS
Authors: Podobed Leonid , Kravchenko Yuriy , Sedyuk Igor , Yeletska Larisa , Zolotarev Andriy , Prusova Galina , Petrenko S. V.
Published: January 2021

In a scientific and economic experiment, it was studied the effect of the multifunctional probiotic preparation Bionorm K on the stabilizing digestion process and dairy cow milk productivity-increasing during the transition from one ration composition to another.

The probiotic drug Bionorm K is a multi-strain product, which consists of 14 strains of bifidobacteria and lactobacillus. Moreover, it has a protective shell, which retains the microorganism activity after passing the acid barrier of the cow's abomasum.

It was found that the diet probiotic addition is advisable to start from the first day after calving and continues for 45 days in a dose of 5 g per head per day.

The experimental group animals outpaced the control animals by the consumption of dry matter of the diet by 2.6 %. At the same time, the likelihood of developing digestive disorders and the incidence of diarrhea is reduced by 2-2.5 times. At the end of the studies, none of the cows suffered from digestive upsets.

Besides, cows, which injected the probiotic to the ration, had improved the ruminative processes due to an increase in the frequency of their contractions compared to the control. Already on the fifth day, the number of ruminal contractions at the experimental animals was 12.5% higher than the control. The higher intensity of rumen work at the experimental cows was maintained during the entire time of probiotic addition into the diet, although the difference with the control was constantly decreasing.

The feed probiotic addition promotes a gradual increase in milk production by 7.64 % and an increase in the fat level in milk by 0.02 % compared to the control. At the same time, feed costs of 1 kg of milk decreased by 5.6 %.

The probiotic stabilizes the biochemical composition of the cow blood quickly and increases the gamma globulin level at blood serum, which indicates an increase in the immune status of cows in the experimental group.
TORI HORSE BREED IN UKRAINE
Authors: Tkachova Irina , Maruschak V. D. , Banas V. M.
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of research on the Ukrainian population of the Tori horse breed. The relevance of the work is due to the need to preserve the unique gene pool of the breed, which originates from purebred breeding horses imported from Estonia in the 1980s and 1990s. Since then, a significant database of the Tori breed of Ukrainian selection has been accumulated, and only in 2019, with international cooperation with the Association of Tori horses of Estonia, the breeding register of horses of the Tori breed of Ukraine was formed. There are 136 mares and 48 stallions registered in Ukrainian farms that have passed a genetic examination and were used in reproduction. Horses are evaluated on a set of characteristics following the instructions on the evaluation of breeding horses. The genealogical structure was evaluated by the method of family analysis with the establishment of kinship relations with the ancestor of the genealogical line. The processes of microevolution of the Tori breed in Ukraine are described and the main factors influencing the dynamics of the number and quality of livestock are given.

In contrast to the Estonian gene pool, the horses evaluated during the expedition survey of the Tori breed of domestic selection is mostly classified as a heavy sled type and differ in their original colors (palomino, buckskin, flaxen chestnut, isabello, roan). It is the original suit and universal working productivity that determine their distribution.

An assessment of the exterior and measurements of the body of horses found that horses of modern reproductive composition significantly predominate in height at the withers, oblique length of the body and the girth of the pastern of horses imported in the 1980s from Estonia, mares also predominate in chest girth, and stallions are noticeably inferior. At the present stage of breeding, purebred breeding has been restored in the direction of obtaining horses of the heavy sled type with universal working productivity.

An assessment of the genealogical structure established that stallions-producers of the Tori breed of the Ukrainian population belong to the classic Tori lines of Atilla 3101 T, Hingstar 317 T and Halis 348 T, there are also representatives of the Hanoverian line Ferro and the Trakenen line Kupferhammer. Broodmares are primarily descended from the Atilla line of 3.101 T (53.8 %) through the sons and grandsons of Apollo 19033 T and from the thoroughbred line of Dark Ronald (5.26%) through the crossbred Emin and his sons. The reproductive composition is formed by mares from 10 breeding families and nests that have existed since the creation of the breed: Hilby, Leidulaps, Pyayasuke, Valle, Desi, Iduani, Lorna, Buri, Salme, Alma.

The conducted research shows that the originality and practicality of the domestic gene pool of the Tori breed require preservation and further improvement, in connection with international cooperation in the direction of breeding records and exchange of genetic material with the originator country.
THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS DERIVED FROM LEAVES AND PSEUDOBULBS OF COELOGYNE FLACCIDA LINDL. (ORCHIDACEAE) AGAINST DIFFERENT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUSSTRAINS
Authors: Buyun Lyudmyla Buyun , Kovalska Lyudmyla , Gyrenko Oleksandr , Tkachenko Halyna , Kurhaluk Natalia
Published: January 2021

The present study was conducted to investigate in vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves and pseudobulbsof Coelogyneflaccida against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach (ATCC®25923™) (mecA negative), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach (ATCC®29213™)(mecA negative, Oxacillin sensitive, weak β-lactamase-producing strain), Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12493 (mecA positive, Methicillin-resistant, EUCAST QC strain for cefoxitin).The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on Muller-Hinton agar by the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test protocol). The leaves and pseudobulbs of C. flaccida plants, cultivated under glasshouse conditions, were sampled at M.M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden (NBG), National Academy of Science of Ukraine. Freshly leaves and pseudobulbs were washed, weighed, crushed, and homogenized in 96% ethanol (in proportion 1:19) at room temperature. The extracts were then filtered and investigated for their antimicrobial activity.

The cultivation medium was trypticase soy agar (Oxoid™, UK), supplemented with 10% defibrinated sheep blood. Cultures were grown aerobically for 24 h at 37°C. The cultures were later diluted with a sterile solution of 0.9% normal saline to approximate the density of 0.5 McFarland standard. The McFarland standard was prepared by inoculating colonies of the bacterial test strain in sterile saline and adjusting the cell density to the specified concentration.

The examined ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves and pseudobulbs of C. flaccida showed remarkable antibacterial activities against different S. aureusstrains. The observed activity may contribute to the reasons why orchids are used for infectious and inflammatory conditions in ethnomedicine. The research showed that ethanolic extracts of C. flaccida possess the highest antibacterial potency against S. aureus NCTC 12493 strain. These findings led the authors to suggest that these extracts may be used as natural antiseptics and antimicrobial agents in medicine and veterinary practice. Nevertheless, despite the promising results, more research should be carried out to further evaluate the roles of particular compounds, isolated from all parts of orchid plants, attributable to antimicrobial activity.
INFLUENCE OF PIG STOCKING DENSITY ON PRODUCTIVITY DURING REARING
Authors: Buchkovska Vita , Ievstafiieva Yulia
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of studying the effect of stocking density on the productivity of pigs while rearing.The research was conducted in PE "Kalynsky Klyuch" p. Kalyna Kamyanets, Podilskyi district, Khmelnytsky region. The scientific and economic experiment was performed by the method of analogous pairs, with a total duration of 73 days. The experiment was performed on young pigs for rearing. Animals were selected into groups based on age, life weight, health status, sex, fatness and growth energy during the preparation period. Four groups of pigs were formed. During the experiment, the animals were weighed, feed intake was taken into account, and their health was monitored. The productivity of young animals was determined according to the monthly individual weighing of animals, which were carried out 1-2 hours before morning feeding, and feed costs - based on group accounting. All data obtained in the experiment were processed biometrically.

According to the results of the research, it was found that the most optimal is the density of pigs at the rate of 2.58 heads / m2. Analysis of the dynamics of live weight of experimental animals showed that with the same weight of piglets since the beginning of the rearing period and till the end of it, the weight of the animals differed significantly.
The highest average live weight was recorded in the second experimental group, where there are 2.58 heads per 1 m2 of pigsty - 27.4 kg, and the lowest in the fourth experimental group, with a livestock density of 3.42 heads / m2, - 25.4 kg. The animals of the first control group (1.75 heads / m2) have a live weight of 27.3 kg, and the animals of the third experimental group (3.42 heads / m2) - 4.0% less.

For farms in the fodder with natural and climatic conditions of the region, ready to use fodder as efficiently as possible and to obtain the maximum productivity of 4-breed hybrid piglets during the rearing period, we suggest using the livestock density at the level of 2.58 heads / m2 of the pigsty. Taking the recommendations into account is the way to achieve successful results in pig farming.
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PUPPIES AS SELECTION MARKERS FOR THEIR FURTHER USE
Authors: Kovalenko Valentina , Glazkov Eduard , Halytska Liudmyla , Levchenko Artur
Published: January 2021

When selecting puppies suitable for further breeding, training and coaching, it is necessary to pay attention to both the state of health and the expressiveness of the necessary psychophysiological qualities. Psychophysiological qualities (properties) of puppies are realized in their behavior, so to determine their condition, various tests are conducted, which simulate some life situations that help determine the necessary behavior of animals. Psychophysiological properties of puppies act as inclinations or abilities, the development of which in the process of further training (training) ensures the implementation of the tasks set before the cytological units.

This material provides a comparative analysis and repeatability of test results for puppies at different stages of their individual development, according to the methods of Stanley Koren and William Campbell. The findings suggest a discrepancy in the results of testing the behavioural qualities of puppies by the methods of Stanley Koren and William Campbell. The behavioural traits reported in the Stanley Roots tests have a fairly high positive correlation in ontogenesis (r ꞊ +0.59 - +0.87), and therefore, with age, are undoubtedly inherited, in contrast to the traits reported in the William Campbell tests (r ꞊ -0.09 - +0.28). The highest correlation, in Stanley Koren's tests, was observed between the indicators of testing puppies in the II and III periods of socialization (r ꞊ + 0.78 - + 0.87).

The study of correlations of behavioral characteristics of puppies at different stages of ontogenesis, allowed us to identify the most informative features for selection (markers), and hence the ability to increase the likelihood of selection of puppies for behavioral characteristics at an early age.

As a practical application, the recommended age is approximately 14 - 17 weeks, as an ideal period for testing puppies, using the most informative selection markers (psychophysiological properties) specified in the Stanley Root tests.
SLAUGHTER QUALITIES OF YOUNG PIGS OF LANDRAS AND WELSH
Authors: Kozir V. S. , Tsereniuk Olexander , Akimov Olexander , Babicz M.
Published: January 2021

The aim of the research, the results of which are presented in the article, was a comparative study of the slaughter qualities of the leading lines of boars of the Welsh and Landrace breeds of domestic selection. The research was carried out based on the slaughterhouse of FG "Shubske" of Bohodukhiv district of Kharkiv region, based on a breeding breeder for keeping Welsh pigs during 2020. The research was conducted based on traditional approaches. Slaughter was performed at a live weight of 100 kg ± 5%. The slaughter traits were evaluated according to the following traits: the thickness of the lard at different points, the slaughter yield, the length of the half-carcass, the length and width of the bacon half and the area of the muscle cell. According to the results of the assessment of slaughter qualities of young animals, no significant difference between the groups was found. Thus, the average pre-slaughter weight ranged from 98.45-99.40 kg, slaughter weight - 73.80-75.00 kg and, accordingly, slaughter yield - 75.03-75.44%. Such insignificant differences in slaughter yield between different lines of pigs are explained by the fact that both breeds are similar in appearance and level of productivity, are in the same conditions of keeping and feeding (in one farm) and are selected by the same generation principle. Regarding the linear measurements of half-carcasses, the differences between the groups were insignificant, but in terms of the measurements of the bacon half of the Welsh pigs, there were probably different traits in comparison with the Landrace pigs. However, despite the lack of probable differences between the breeds of Landrace and Welsh, the length of the bacon half and the area of the muscular membrane - Landrace were slightly higher than in Welsh. Analysis of fat measurements showed that the differences between the groups were insignificant. At the same time, despite the absence of probable differences between the average breeds (groups IV and VII), animals of groups II and III were marked by slightly leaner carcasses compared to Landrace pigs (p <0.05). The differences between Landrace and Welsh breeds are insignificant in terms of the slaughter qualities of young animals. Probable differences are found only between young animals from individual lines in the Landrace breed and their peers in the Welsh breed. The general level of meat in both breeds is at a high enough level, which indicates the possibility of further use in breeding work with these breeds of all boars evaluated in these studies.
FEATURES OF PROCESSING OF WATERFOWL EGGS DURING THE INCUBATION
Authors: Shomina Natalia , Baydevlatova Olga
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this work was to conduct a comparative evaluation of existing disinfectants for their use in the second half of incubation for irrigation of waterfowl eggs. Methods. The study was conducted at the State Poultry Research Station of NAAS on hatching eggs of ducks and incubation wastes. Pre-incubation disinfection of eggs was carried out by irrigation with 5.0% solution of "Lasept-forte". Eggs were incubated according to standard regimes in modernized laboratory incubators ILU-F-0.3 and ILB-0.5. According to the requirements of the current standard for the technological process of incubation of duck eggs from the 13th day of incubation air cooling of eggs twice a day (morning and evening) for 10-15 minutes was carried out, and from the 20th day – a wet one. Modern disinfectants in various concentrations were used to irrigate duck eggs during incubation. Irrigation of duck eggs of the control group was performed with clean water. According to the results of research, the efficiency of irrigation of eggs with «Lasept-forte» and «Brovadez Plus» has been proved, and their optimal concentrations have been selected. It was found that the use of 0.5 % "Lasept-forte" or 0.05 % "Brovadez plus" for irrigation of duck eggs from the 20th day of incubation is desirable because it increases the results of incubation by 1.5- 2.5% due to the improvement of the sanitary condition in the incubator and the reduction of embryo death in the later stages of development. The pathological autopsy of incubation wastes showed that the category of waste "dead" (embryos that died after 25 days of incubation) was in the control group at 7.0%, in the experimental 6.0-6.5 %. At the same time, at the autopsy of the “dead” from these groups, there were signs of death from damage to eggs by microflora and fungi. In the control group, 64.3 % of deaths had such symptoms, in the first experimental group - 53.8 %, in the second experimental group - 33.3 %, which also proves the effectiveness of the means used.