bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective synthesis of functionalized 1,4-dihydropyrazolo-[4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[2,3-b]quinolines through ferrocenyl-phosphine-catalyzed annulation of modified MBH carbonates and pyrazolones
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Shao Bingxuan , Li Jingyi , Yang Zehui , Lu Yin-Jie , Ling Fei , Zhong Weihui
Published: April 2021

An enantioselective synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[2,3-b]quinolines from modified MBH carbonates and pyrazolones via a chiral phosphine-mediated alkylation/annulation sequence has been realized.
In vivo monitoring of volatile metabolic trajectories enables rapid diagnosis of influenza A infection
Authors: Yin Zhihong , Huang Wenbo , Singh Kapil Dev , Chen Zhaoming , Chen Xing , Zhou Zhen , Yang Zifeng , Sinues Pablo , Li Xue
Published: April 2021

In vivo monitoring of volatile metabolic trajectories captured by real-time high-resolution mass spectrometry enables rapid diagnosis of influenza A infection one day after infection.
Fe(iii)-complex mediated bacterial cell surface immobilization of eGFP and enzymes
Authors: Feng Lilin , Gao Liang , Sauer Daniel F. , Ji Yu , Cui Haiyang , Schwaneberg Ulrich
Published: April 2021

A facile and reversible method to immobilize His6-tagged proteins on the E. coli cell surface through the formation of an Fe(iii)-complex.
Platinum complexes act as shielding agents against virus infection
Authors: Bailly Benjamin , Gorle Anil K. , Dirr Larissa , Malde Alpeshkumar K. , Farrell Nicholas P. , Berners-Price Susan J. , von Itzstein Mark
Published: April 2021

An interdisciplinary approach determines that TriplatinNC binds to cell–surface heparan sulfate to protect cells from virus infection.
Correction: “Give me five” – an amino imidazoline-2-imine ligand stabilises the first neutral five-membered cyclic triel(i) carbenoids
Authors: Denker Lars , Trzaskowski Bartosz , Frank René
Published: April 2021

Correction for ‘“Give me five” – an amino imidazoline-2-imine ligand stabilises the first neutral five-membered cyclic triel(i) carbenoides’ by Lars Denker et al., Chem. Commun., 2021, 57, 2816–2819, DOI: 10.1039/D1CC00010A.
Synthesis of morphology-improved single-crystalline iron silicide nanowires with enhanced physical characteristics
Authors: Huang Wei-Jie , Yang Shu-Meng , Liao Tzu-Ting , Lu Kuo-Chang
Published: April 2021

Morphology-improved single-crystalline β-FeSi2 nanowires with enhanced physical characteristics were synthesized through a pre-deposition method.
Homochiral three-dimensional noncentrosymmetric lanthanide coordination polymers directed by chiral linkers: syntheses, crystal structures, and optical properties
Authors: Kuk Yunseung , Ok Kang Min
Published: April 2021

Novel enantiomorphic lanthanide–organic coordination polymers directed by the chiral organic linkers exhibit second-harmonic generation.
Synthesis of a Eu complex based on benzonitrile hydrolysis as the first luminescent probe for clinafloxacin
Authors: Ruan Zhong-Yu , Lu Yong-Fang , Lv Xi , Wu Jian-Zhong , Ou Yong-Cong , Cai Yue-Peng
Published: April 2021

[Eu2(pip)2(PhCOO)6] synthesized via hydrolysis of benzonitrile shows specific and quantitative photoluminescence quenching by clinafloxacin.
The many-body expansion for aqueous systems revisited: III. Hofmeister ion–water interactions
Authors: Herman Kristina M. , Heindel Joseph P. , Xantheas Sotiris S.
Published: April 2021

We report a Many Body Energy (MBE) analysis of aqueous ionic clusters containing kosmotropic and chaotropic anions and cations at the two opposite ends of the Hofmeister series to quantify how these ions alter the interaction between the water molecules in their immediate surroundings.
Enhanced light-driven hydrogen generation on carbon quantum dots with TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Fengjiao , Zhang Feng , Han Dongxue , Huang Kai , Yang Yang , Yin Hongming
Published: April 2021

77% enhanced light-driven H2 generation of CQDs with TiO2 nanoparticles by an efficient electron transfer to highly active redox band.
The role of the three body photodissociation channel of water in the evolution of dioxygen in astrophysical applications
Authors: An Suming , Ranjan Sukrit , Yuan Kaijun , Yang Xueming , Skodje Rex T.
Published: April 2021

A recent experiment at the Dalian Coherent Light Source (DCLS) has provided measurements of the partial cross sections for the photodissociation of water vapor over an unprecedented range of wavelengths in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region.
Magnetic investigations of monocrystalline [Co(NCS)2(L)2]n: new insights into single-chain relaxations
Authors: Ceglarska Magdalena , Böhme Michael , Neumann Tristan , Plass Winfried , Näther Christian , Rams Michał
Published: April 2021

Single crystal studies reveal separate magnetic relaxation processes. The analysis is supported by results for the diluted compound, ab initio calculations, and micromagnetic simulations.
How does the composition of a PAH influence its microsolvation? A rotational spectroscopy study of the phenanthrene–water and phenanthridine–water clusters
Authors: Loru Donatella , Steber Amanda L. , Pinacho Pablo , Gruet Sébastien , Temelso Berhane , Rijs Anouk M. , Pérez Cristóbal , Schnell Melanie
Published: April 2021

The influence of a nitrogen atom in the backbone of a PAH was revealed by the hydrated clusters of phenanthrene and phenanthridine in a rotational spectroscopy study. Background image credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) – ESA/Hubble Collaboration.
Exploring the transition of polydopamine-shelled perfluorohexane emulsion droplets into microbubbles using small- and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering
Authors: Vidallon Mark Louis P. , Giles Luke W. , Crawford Simon , Bishop Alexis I. , Tabor Rico F. , de Campo Liliana , Teo Boon Mian
Published: April 2021

Perfluorocarbon emulsion droplets are interesting colloidal systems with applications in biomedicine. This work describes the use of small- and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering in studying their heat-induced phase transition into microbubbles.
Correction: Intrinsic defect formation and the effect of transition metal doping on transport properties in a ductile thermoelectric material α-Ag2S: a first-principles study
Authors: Nam Ho Ngoc , Yamada Ryo , Okumura Haruki , Nguyen Tien Quang , Suzuki Katsuhiro , Shinya Hikari , Masago Akira , Fukushima Tetsuya , Sato Kazunori
Published: April 2021

Correction for ‘Intrinsic defect formation and the effect of transition metal doping on transport properties in a ductile thermoelectric material α-Ag2S: a first-principles study’ by Ho Ngoc Nam et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06624a.
Correction: Surfactant-aided synthesis of RhCo nanoclusters as highly effective and recyclable catalysts for the hydrolysis of methylamine borane and dimethylamine borane
Authors: Tunç Nihat , Rakap Murat
Published: April 2021

Correction for ‘Surfactant-aided synthesis of RhCo nanoclusters as highly effective and recyclable catalysts for the hydrolysis of methylamine borane and dimethylamine borane’ by Nihat Tunç et al., Catal. Sci. Technol., 2020, 10, 7865–7874, DOI: 10.1039/D0CY01472A.
Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes for highly efficient PFASs removal: overview, challenges and future perspectives
Authors: Mastropietro Teresa F. , Bruno Rosaria , Pardo Emilio , Armentano Donatella
Published: April 2021

PFASs are called “forever chemicals” because they do not fully degrade. They have become so ubiquitous in the environment that it is difficult to prevent exposure. This review aims to provide a set of improved technologies to remove PFASs from water.
Modulation of N^N′-bidentate chelating pyridyl–pyridylidene amide ligands offers mechanistic insights into Pd-catalysed ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymerisation
Authors: Ó Máille Gearóid M. , Dall'Anese Anna , Grossenbacher Philipp , Montini Tiziano , Milani Barbara , Albrecht Martin
Published: April 2021

Careful ligand design led to the detection of either an unprecedented, stable, 4-membered palladacycle or an off-cycle catalyst degradation product.
Manganese complexes with chelating and bridging di-triazolylidene ligands: synthesis and reactivity
Authors: Friães Sofia , Realista Sara , Gomes Clara S. B. , Martinho Paulo N. , Veiros Luis F. , Albrecht Martin , Royo Beatriz
Published: April 2021

A facile access to a series of Mn(0) and Mn(i) complexes bearing triazolylidenes with either bridging or chelating coordination mode is described. The metalation procedure and the triazolylidene N-substituents determine the type of product obtained.
Proton conductivity as a function of the metal center in porphyrinylphosphonate-based MOFs
Authors: Enakieva Yulia Yu. , Zhigileva Ekaterina A. , Fitch Andrew N. , Chernyshev Vladimir V. , Stenina Irina A. , Yaroslavtsev Andrey B. , Sinelshchikova Anna A. , Kovalenko Konstantin A. , Gorbunova Yulia G. , Tsivadze Aslan Yu.
Published: April 2021

New porphyrinylphosphonate MOFs possessing high proton conductivity (up to 10−2S cm−1) together with superior chemical and thermal stability are described.
Magnetostructural relationships in [Ni(dmit)2]−radical anions
Authors: Zapata-Rivera Jhon , Calzado Carmen J.
Published: April 2021

This work explores the relationship between the magnetic properties of salts based on [Ni(dmit)2]−radicals and different arrangements adopted by these radicals in the crystals.
Tanning agent free leather making enabled by the dispersity of collagen fibers combined with superhydrophobic coating
Authors: He Xiu , Huang Yawen , Xiao Hanzhong , Xu Xiuzhen , Wang Yujia , Huang Xin , Shi Bi
Published: April 2021

A tanning agent free leather making strategy achieved by the combination of the dispersity of collagen fibers and a superhydrophobic coating is promising to open up a new route for realizing environmentally benign leather manufacture.
Visible-light-initiated catalyst-free oxidative cleavage of (Z)-triaryl-substituted alkenes containing pyridyl motif under ambient conditions
Authors: Li Wenjing , Li Shun , Luo Lihua , Ge Yicen , Xu Jiaqi , Zheng Xueli , Yuan Maolin , Li Ruixiang , Chen Hua , Fu Haiyan
Published: April 2021

The catalyst-free oxidative cleavage of (Z)-triaryl-substituted alkenes bearing a pyridyl motif in ambient air under the irradiation of blue LEDs has been developed.
C(sp3)–H bond functionalization with styrenes via hydrogen-atom transfer to an aqueous hydroxyl radical under photocatalysis
Authors: Mori Shogo , Saito Susumu
Published: April 2021

The redox-neutral addition of α-C–H bonds to styrenes was enabled via the hydrogen-atom transfer to aqueous hydroxyl radical generated by the oxidation of water under silver-nanoparticle-loaded titania photocatalysis.
Recent advances in the development of AHR antagonists in immuno-oncology
Authors: Sun Lijun
Published: April 2021

This review discusses the rational and recent progress in targeting the transcription factor AHR for the discovery and development of novel small molecule immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer.
Electrocatalytic oxidation of water using self-assembled copper(ii) tetraaza macrocyclic complexes on a 4-(pyridine-4′-amido)benzene grafted gold electrode
Authors: Mahanta Abhinandan , Barman Koushik , Akond Umme Solaem , Jasimuddin Sk
Published: April 2021

Gold surface anchored copper(ii)tetraaza macrocyclic complex showed an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards water oxidation with an overpotential of 284 mV at a current density of 1.31 mA cm−2and a Tafel slope of 48 mV decade−1in neutral pH.
Tuning the Lewis acidity of ZrO2 for efficient conversion of CH4 and CO2 into acetic acid
Authors: Li Yufeng , Liu Bing , Liu Jie , Wang Ting , Shen Yu , Zheng Ke , Jiang Feng , Xu Yuebing , Liu Xiaohao
Published: April 2021

Tuning the strong Lewis acidity of ZrO2via H2SO4 treatment to promote the conversion of CH4 and CO2 into acetic acid.
A novel sensitive and selective chemosensor for fluorescent detection of Zn2+ in cosmetics creams based on a covalent post functionalized Al-MOF
Authors: Kamel Rasha M. , Shahat Ahmed , Anwar Zeinab M. , El-Kady Hamdy A. , Kilany Esraa M.
Published: April 2021

A material was fabricated based on the Schiff base reaction to achieve covalent attachment of NH2-MIL-53(Al) and 3-formylsalicylic acid for fluorimetric detection of Zn2+ ions based on inhibition and destruction of CN isomerization and ESIPT.
One-step construction of a novel AIE probe based on diaminomaleonitrile and its application in double-detection of hypochlorites and formaldehyde gas
Authors: Wen Xiaoye , Yan Li , Fan Zhefeng
Published: April 2021

A novel and efficient probe with AIE property was designed and synthesized for application in double-detection of hypochlorites and formaldehyde gas.
Regio- and stereoselectivity of spirodienone formation in 2,14-dithiacalix[4]arene
Authors: Kortus D. , Eigner V. , Lhoták P.
Published: April 2021

Within the mixed-bridge system the thiacalixarene fragment (Ar–S–Ar) is much more prone to spirocyclization than the calixarene one (Ar–CH2–Ar).
Stereoselective synthesis of 2-spirocyclopropyl-indolin-3-ones through cyclopropanation of aza-aurones with tosylhydrazones
Authors: Pirovano Valentina , Brambilla Elisa , Riva Marika , Leoni Sara , Rizzato Silvia , Garanzini Davide , Abbiati Giorgio , Rossi Elisabetta
Published: April 2021

A simple and efficient approach for the synthesis of 2-spirocyclopropyl-indolin-3-ones is herein described.
VRAI-selectivity: calculation of selectivity beyond transition state theory
Authors: Lee Sanha , Goodman Jonathan M.
Published: April 2021

We present the VRAI-selectivity program which predicts the major product and selectivity not only for transition-state controlled reactions but also for processes controlled by reaction dynamics.
Urinary l-erythro-β-hydroxyasparagine—a novel serine racemase inhibitor and substrate of the Zn2+-dependent d-serine dehydratase
Authors: Ito Tomokazu , Tono Mayuka , Kitaura Yasuyuki , Hemmi Hisashi , Yoshimura Tohru
Published: April 2021

In the present study, we identified l-erythro-β-hydroxyasparagine (l-β-EHAsn) found abundantly in human urine, as a novel substrate of Zn2+-dependent d-serine dehydratase (DSD). l-β-EHAsn is an atypical amino acid present in large amounts in urine but rarely detected in serum or most organs/tissues examined. Quantitative analyses of urinary l-β-EHAsn in young healthy volunteers revealed significant correlation between urinary l-β-EHAsn concentration and creatinine level. Further, for in-depth analyses of l-β-EHAsn, we developed a simple three-step synthetic method using trans-epoxysuccinic acid as the starting substance. In addition, our research revealed a strong inhibitory effect of l-β-EHAsn on mammalian serine racemase, responsible for producing d-serine, a co-agonist of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission.
Exploring Parental Perspectives of Childhood Speech and Language Disorders Across 10 Countries: A Pilot Qualitative Study
Authors: Jensen de López Kristine M. , Lyons Rena , Novogrodsky Rama , Baena Sofia , Feilberg Julie , Harding Sam , Kelić Maja , Klatte Inge S. , Mantel Tina C. , Tomazin Marina O. , Ulfsdottir Thora S. , Zajdó Krisztina , Rodriguez-Ortiz Isabel R.
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Although researchers have explored parental perspectives of childhood speech and language disorders, most studies have been conducted in English-speaking countries. Little is known about parental experiences across countries, where procedures of language screening and services for language disorders differ. The authors participated in the COST

1

Action network IS1406, “Enhancing Children's Oral Language Skills Across Europe and Beyond,” which provided an opportunity to conduct cross-country qualitative interviews with parents. The aim of this pilot study was to explore ways in which parents construed and described speech and language disorders across countries.

Method

Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with parents from 10 families in 10 different countries. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Findings

The overall theme was “acknowledging parental expertise.” The parents described, in detail, ways in which their children's speech and language (dis)abilities had an impact on the children's everyday life. Three subthemes were identified: impairment, disability, and changes over time.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that, across a range of countries, parents demonstrated contextualized understandings of their children's speech and language (dis)abilities, along with the everyday functional implications of the disorders. Hence, despite not holding professional knowledge about language disorders, the voices, views, understandings, and personal experiences of parents in relation to their child's disorder should be listened to when planning therapy services.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14109881
A Mandarin Chinese Reading Passage for Eliciting Significant Vocal Range Variations
Authors: Yen You-Zhen , Wu Chia-Hsin , Chan Roger W.
Published: April 2021

Purpose

There is a lack of standardized Mandarin reading text material that could potentially elicit significant variations in fundamental frequency (F0) and in vocal intensity for clinical voice evaluation. In this study, a phonetically balanced “Three Bears Passage” was developed based on the classical “Goldilocks” story for this purpose. The hypothesis was that the vocal range (F0 range and Intensity range) elicited while reading aloud the passage could be similar to that of the voice range profile (VRP) obtained with sustained vowel production and significantly different from that while reading an existing standard Mandarin passage.

Method

One hundred twenty young adults (60 men and 60 women, aged 25.22 ± 3.74 years) without vocal pathologies and vocal training participated in the study. Vocal range data, including F0-related measures and intensity-related measures, were obtained with Praat in order to construct VRPs for the sustained /a/ and to construct speech range profiles for passage reading.

Results

F0 range and intensity range for the new passage were significantly larger than those for the existing Mandarin passage for both male and female participants. In particular, the F0 range for the passage was not significantly different from that of the VRP for male participants.

Conclusions

These findings suggested that the new passage could allow individuals without vocal training to demonstrate a large vocal range in both F0 and vocal intensity, in a passage reading setting in a relatively short time. Further studies should be pursued with the passage to investigate the vocal range and vocal potential of individuals with voice disorders.
Service Delivery Schedule Effects on Speech Sound Production Outcomes
Authors: Rehfeld David M. , Sulak Tracey N.
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Children with speech sound disorders feature prominently on the caseloads of speech-language pathologists working in schools, with many receiving services once or twice weekly for 20–30 min. This study compared the outcomes of services provided twice weekly for 30 min to those provided 4 times weekly for 15 min to examine their effectiveness in remediating speech sound disorders in an elementary school setting.

Method

A total of 35 students were recruited from an existing public school caseload for participation. Participants were randomly assigned to receive school-based speech therapy services for either 30 min twice weekly or 15 min 4 times weekly. There were no differences between groups in age, gender, or the amount of time spent in general education. Growth was measured by the percentage of Individualized Education Program goals mastered and the percentage of sounds produced correctly in isolation.

Results

After one calendar year, there was a negligible difference between groups on both the percentage of Individualized Education Program goals mastered and the percentage of sounds produced correctly in isolation. On average, both scheduling configurations were effective in meeting students' needs.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that children with speech sound disorders receiving school-based speech therapy services can benefit from a variety of scheduling options. Awareness of such options is an invaluable resource to speech-language pathologists wanting to provide effective and efficient services. Future research should continue investigating service delivery models' effects in applied settings.
Multiple molecular outflows and fragmentation in the IRDC core G34.43+00.24 MM1
Authors: Isequilla N. L. , Ortega M. E. , Areal M. B. , Paron S.
Published: April 2021

Context. The fragmentation of a molecular cloud that leads to the formation of high-mass stars occurs on a hierarchy of different spatial scales. The large molecular clouds harbor massive molecular clumps with massive cores embedded in them. The fragmentation of these cores may determine the initial mass function and the masses of the final stars. Therefore, studying the fragmentation processes in the cores is crucial to understanding how massive stars form.

Aims. Detailed studies toward particular objects are needed to collect observational evidence that shed light on star formation processes on the smallest spatial scales. The hot molecular core G34–MM1, embedded in the filamentary infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G34.34+00.24 located at a distance of 3.6 kpc, is a promising object for studying fragmentation and outflow processes.

Methods. Using data at 93 and 334 GHz obtained from the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) database we studied in great detail the hot molecular core G34–MM1. The angular resolution of the data at 334 GHz is about 0.′′8, which allows us to resolve structures of about 0.014 pc (~2900 au).

Results. We found evidence of fragmentation toward the molecular hot core G34–MM1 on two different spatial scales. The dust condensation MM1–A (about 0.06 pc in size) harbors three molecular subcore candidates (SC1 through SC3) detected in 12CO J = 3–2 emission, with typical sizes of about 0.02 pc and an average spatial separation among them of about 0.03 pc. From the HCO+ J = 1–0 emission, we identify, with better angular resolution than previous observations, two perpendicular molecular outflows arising from MM1–A. We suggest that subcores SC1 and SC2, embedded in MM1–A, respectively harbor the sources responsible for the main and the secondary molecular outflow. Finally, from the radio continuum emission at 334 GHz, we marginally detected another dust condensation, named MM1–E, from which a young (tdyn ~ 1.6 × 103 yr), massive (M ~ 5 M⊙), and energetic (E ~ 6 × 1046 ergs) molecular outflow arises.

Conclusions. The fragmentation of the hot molecular core G34–MM1 at two different spatial scales, together with the presence of multiple molecular outflows associated with it, would support a competitive accretion scenario. Studies like this shed light on the relation between fragmentation and star formation processes occurring within hot molecular cores, only accessible through high angular resolution interferometric observations.
Systematic description of wind-driven protoplanetary discs
Authors: Lesur Geoffroy R. J.
Published: April 2021

Aims. Planet-forming discs are believed to be very weakly turbulent in the regions outside of 1 AU. For this reason, it is now believed that magnetised winds could be the dominant mechanism driving accretion in these systems. However, currently, no self-consistent approach can describe discs that are subject to a magnetised wind in a way similar to the α disc model. In this article, I explore the parameter space of wind-driven protoplanetary discs in a systematic manner and present scaling laws that can be used in reduced models in a similar way to α disc models.

Methods. I computed a series of self-similar wind solutions, assuming that the disc is dominated by ambipolar and Ohmic diffusion. These solution were obtained by searching for stationary solutions in the finite-volume code PLUTO using a relaxation method and continuation.

Results. Self-similar solutions are obtained for values of plasma β ranging from 102 to 108 for several Ohmic and ambipolar diffusion strengths. Mass accretion rates of about 10−8 M⊙ yr−1 are obtained for the poloidal field strength β = O(104) or equivalently, 1 mG at 10 AU. In addition, the ejection efficiency is always close to 1, implying that wind mass-loss rate can be higher than the inner mass accretion rate when the wind-emitting region is large. The resulting magnetic lever arms are typically lower than 2, possibly reaching 1.5 in the weakest field cases. Remarkably, the mean transport properties (accretion rate and mass-loss rate) mostly depend on the field strength and much less on the disc diffusivities or surface density. The disc internal structure is nevertheless strongly affected by Ohmic resistivity, strongly resistive discs being subject to accretion at the surface while ambipolar only models lead to mid-plane accretion. Finally, I provide a complete set of scaling laws and semi-analytical wind solutions, which can be used to fit and interpret observations.

Conclusions. Magnetised winds are unavoidable in protoplanetary discs as soon as they are embedded in an ambient poloidal magnetic field. Very detailed disc microphysics are not always needed to describe them, and simplified models such as self-similar solutions can capture most of the physics seen in full 3D simulations. The remaining difficulty to set up a complete theory of wind-driven accretion lies in the transport of the large-scale field, which remains poorly constrained and is not well understood.
Comparative Study of Released Javan Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) And Changeable Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus cirrhatus) Based On Satellite Tracker Data
Authors: Gunawan  , Aji D.N Fajar , Nursalim Tauhid , Permana Danafia , Withaningsih Susanti
Published: April 2021

The release of a rehabilitated raptor, defined as an effort to release the raptor back into nature, have been done in Indonesia; however, only about 2% were monitored for more than one year. This is because long time intensive monitoring using simple observation equipment is difficult to do because of limited resources. Thus, more modern equipment – oneof which is satellite radio used in this research – needs to be used. The use of satellite radio to monitor the movement of rehabilitated raptors was carried out for the first time in 2018 for juvenile male Javan hawk-eagles (N.bartelsi) and adult female Changeable hawk-eagles (N.cirrhatus). The results of the monitoring of these two types of raptors showed that they mostly used forested areas close to water sources. Both types of eagles had the farthest flight distance with an average distance of ± 1,000 m / day occurring at week 4. Thus, it can be concluded that the rehabilitation efforts for these eagles were successful and that they had adapted to their new habitats as wild raptors.
Ernährungstherapie bei Mukoviszidose
Authors: Schlüter Katrin
Published: April 2021

Eine der wichtigen Therapiesäulen bei Mukoviszidose-Patienten ist die Ernährungstherapie. Das Ziel der individuellen Ernährungsempfehlungen ist ein altersentsprechendes Gedeihen, die Vermeidung von Untergewicht und Mangelernährung und Begleiterkrankungen ernährungstherapeutisch gut zu behandeln.
Kind und Karriere, aber wann? – Mixed Methods Research zum
Thema Medizinstudium als alternativer Zeitpunkt für die
Familiengründung
Authors: Quak Sara , Hofmann Marzellus , Ehlers Jan P. , Zupanic Michaela
Published: April 2021

Hintergrund Die Medizin wird immer weiblicher. Vor dem Hintergrund des
häufig Frauen betreffenden Konflikts zwischen Kind und Karriere,
stellt sich für eine neue Generation junger Ärztinnen und
Ärzten die schwierige Frage nach der Vereinbarkeit. Dabei spielt
auch der richtige Zeitpunkt der Familiengründung eine große
Rolle. An der privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke wurden
Studierende mit und ohne Kind dazu befragt, inwiefern sich das
Medizinstudium als geeigneter Zeitpunkt erweist.

Methodik Es wurde eine Fragebogenerhebung durchgeführt, an der
insgesamt 423 Medizinstudierende teilnahmen. Weitere 12 Medizinstudierende
mit Kind wurden zudem mittels leitfadengestütztem Interview zu ihrer
Situation befragt und die Ergebnisse mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse
ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Medizinstudierende mit Kind sehen die Vorteile der
Familiengründung im Studium v. a. für Familie und Karriere,
die Nachteile hingegen für das Studium an sich und die Finanzen. Die
Medizinstudierenden ohne Kind sind mehrheitlich unentschlossen
bezüglich des idealen Zeitpunktes der Familiengründung, das
Studium sehen jedoch nur 18% als idealen Zeitpunkt an. Dem
gegenüber stehen die Medizinstudierenden mit Kind, welche zu
50% das Studium als idealen Zeitpunkt für die
Familiengründung sehen, den Zeitpunkt nach dem Studium hingegen nur
zu 5%.

Schlussfolgerung Es sollten Konzepte auf politischer und
hochschulpolitischer geschaffen werden, die es ermöglichen,
über den gesamten Karriereweg als Mediziner/in Kind und
Karriere zu vereinen. Diese Konzepte sollten finanzielle
Entlastungsmöglichkeiten und eine flexible Studienorganisation
berücksichtigen.
Evaluation der Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale: Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen deutschen Bevölkerungsumfrage
Authors: Brenk-Franz Katja , Weiser Mareike , Hammelstein Philipp , Brähler Elmar , Strauß Bernhard
Published: April 2021

Bisherige Studien zu Sexual Sensation Seeking (SSS) und der Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale (SSSS) wurden überwiegend an nach dem Alter sowie dem Geschlecht selektierten Stichproben durchgeführt. In dieser Arbeit wurde die deutsche Version der SSSS anhand einer repräsentativen Umfrage an Männern und Frauen evaluiert, welche die gesamte Altersspanne der erwachsenen deutschen Bevölkerung umfasst. Die Gütekriterien und die Faktorenstruktur der deutschen Version der Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale wurden anhand einer repräsentativen Stichprobe von N=2420 Probanden (54% Frauen, 46% Männer) im Alter von 18–93 Jahren (M=50,44, SD=16,97) untersucht. Die SSSS zeigt gute Werte hinsichtlich der internen Konsistenz der Skala (α=0,91). Korrelationen mit Außenkriterien (Need Inventory of Sensation Seeking: r=0,56; Sexual Compulsivity Scale: r=0,68; p < 0,001 für beide Vergleiche) deuten auf konvergente Validität hin. Alters- und geschlechtsspezifische Effekte in erwarteter Richtung stützen die Konstruktvalidität: Männer erzielten über alle Altersklassen hinweg höhere Werte. Die Werte waren von der jüngsten bis zur höchsten Altersklasse für beide Geschlechter abnehmend. Die eindimensionale Struktur der Skala ließ sich faktorenanalytisch (EFA) nicht eindeutig bestätigen. Die SSSS erwies sich als zuverlässiges Verfahren zur Messung von SSS in der deutschen Bevölkerung. Sexual Sensation Seeking sollte perspektivisch nicht nur als Risikofaktor eingestuft, sondern auch ressourcenorientiert als positiver Prädiktor für Sexualität in die Forschungen eingebunden werden.
Endoscopic management of superficial nonampullary duodenal tumors: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline
Authors: Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Moss Alan , Arvanitakis Marianna , Arnelo Urban , Beyna Torsten , Busch Olivier , Deprez Pierre H. , Kunovsky Lumir , Larghi Alberto , Manes Gianpiero , Napoleon Bertrand , Nalankilli Kumanan , Nayar Manu , Pérez-Cuadrado-Robles Enrique , Seewald Stefan , Strijker Marin , Barthet Marc , van Hooft Jeanin E.
Published: April 2021

Main recommendations

1 ESGE recommends that all duodenal adenomas should be considered for endoscopic resection as progression to invasive carcinoma is highly likely.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

2 ESGE recommends performance of a colonoscopy, if that has not yet been done, in cases of duodenal adenoma.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

3 ESGE recommends the use of the cap-assisted method when the location of the minor and/or major papilla and their relationship to a duodenal adenoma is not clearly established during forward-viewing endoscopy.

Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.

4 ESGE recommends the routine use of a side-viewing endoscope when a laterally spreading adenoma with extension to the minor and/or major papilla is suspected.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

5 ESGE suggests cold snare polypectomy for small (< 6 mm in size) nonmalignant duodenal adenomas.

Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.

6 ESGE recommends endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) as the first-line endoscopic resection technique for nonmalignant large nonampullary duodenal adenomas.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.

7 ESGE recommends that endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for duodenal adenomas is an effective resection technique only in expert hands.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

8 ESGE recommends using techniques that minimize adverse events such as immediate or delayed bleeding or perforation. These may include piecemeal resection, defect closure techniques, noncontact hemostasis, and other emerging techniques, and these should be considered on a case-by-case basis.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

9 ESGE recommends endoscopic surveillance 3 months after the index treatment. In cases of no recurrence, a further follow-up endoscopy should be done 1 year later. Thereafter, surveillance intervals should be adapted to the lesion site, en bloc resection status, and initial histological result.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.
N-p-Toluenesulfinylimidazole: A New in situ Reagent for the Mild and Efficient Synthesis of p-Toluenesulfinate Alkyl Esters and Aryl Esters
Authors: Hitchcock Shawn R. , Shaw Jessica L. , Austermuehle Brad J. , Witte Jordan M. , Dorsey Timothy R. , Delach Christina , Hamaker Christopher G.
Published: April 2021

A new synthetic methodology has been developed for the synthesis of sulfinate alkyl and aryl esters. The methodology involves the combination of p-toluenesulfinic acid and 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) to create the putative reagent sulfinylimidazole. The process spontaneously releases carbon dioxide upon the addition of the CDI to the acid suggesting the rapid formation of the proposed reagent. Reaction of this reagent with a series of alcohols (primary, secondary, and tertiary) afforded the corresponding sulfinate alkyl esters in good to excellent yields by the addition of alcohols. It was also possible to form the related sulfinate aryl esters by treating the proposed sulfinylimidazole with selected phenols (phenol, p-tert-butylphenol, and thymol). The aryl esters were formed in excellent conversion based on analysis of the 500 MHz 1H NMR spectra of the crude reaction mixtures.
Assisted by Hydrogen-Bond Donors: Cinchona Quaternary Salts as Privileged Chiral Catalysts for Phase-Transfer Reactions
Authors: Jurczak Janusz , Majdecki Maciej , Niedbała Patryk , Tyszka-Gumkowska Agata
Published: April 2021

This short review is devoted to asymmetric phase-transfer reactions that employ hybrid ammonium Cinchona catalysts supported by possessing hydrogen-bond donor groups. We present recent advances utilizing this type of catalyst in the field of biphasic reaction systems. The main emphasis is placed on the advantages of additional functional groups present in the structure of the catalyst, such as hydroxy, amide, (thio)urea or squaramide.

1 Introduction

2 Phase-Transfer Hybrid Cinchona Catalysts with a Free Hydroxy Group

3 (Thio)urea Hybrid Cinchona Catalysts

4 Hybrid Amide-Based Catalysts Bearing a Cinchona Scaffold

5 Conclusions
Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions of Fluorohalobenzenes
Authors: Langer Peter , Iqbal Shoaib , Sharif Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Organofluorine compounds have gained interest in the fields of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, diagnostics, materials, and catalysis. Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions of fluorinated arenes made a tremendous impact in chemical and biological research and made organofluorinated molecules more readily available. This review gives a brief summary of Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions of fluorinated benzene derivatives. In this context, various aspects, such as regio­selectivity, efficiency, and applications, are discussed.

1 Introduction

2 Organofluorine Compounds

3 Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions of Fluorohalobenzenes

3.1 Fluorophthalates

3.2 Reactions of Pentafluorohalobenzenes

3.3 Tetrafluorohalobenzenes

3.4 Trifluorohalobenzenes

3.5 Difluorohalobenzenes

3.6 Monofluorohalobenzenes

3.7 Halo(trifluoromethyl)benzenes

3.8 Trifluoromethyl Pyridines

4 S Summary
Analyzing Inbreeding and Estimating Its Related Deficiencies in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Nascimento Cristian Rodrigues do , Basílio Dyowani dos Santos , Lopes Johnnatas Mikael , Cansanção Isaac Farias
Published: April 2021

This cross-sectional study aimed to observe number of marriages between relatives in São Francisco Valley municipalities and correlations between degrees of kinship and susceptibility to genetic diseases. Three hundred and nine (309) consanguineous couples were interviewed in five municipalities. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22), Chi-square testing, and the generalized estimating equation (GEE). In Pariconha-AL for first cousins, the results revealed significantly higher numbers of disabled children than for third cousins (p < 0.05). Of these, the prevalence for physical disability was significant (χ2 = 19.203, df = 4, p = 0.001). In the cities of Glória-BA (χ2 = 11.652, df = 3, p = 0.020) and OlhoD'água do Casado-AL (χ2 = 8.123, df = 4, p = 0.044), physical disabilities were also significantly higher in children from unions of first-degree cousins than for other degrees of kinship. Visual impairment was more significant in first-degree cousins in Glória-BA (χ2 = 14.206, df = 3 p = 0.007); yet among third-degree cousins, visual impairment in the municipality of Santa Brígida-BA was more prevalent (χ2 = 6.416, df = 2 p = 0.040). Inbreeding, as revealed in the evaluated cities, reinforces the hypothesis for developing genetic diseases.
Integrated density of states: From the finite range to the periodic Airy–Schrödinger operator
Authors: Boumaza H. , Lafitte O.
Published: April 2021

We compute, in the semiclassical regime, an explicit formula for the integrated density of states of the periodic Airy–Schrödinger operator on the real line. The potential of this Schrödinger operator is periodic, continuous, and piecewise linear. For this purpose, we study precisely the spectrum of the Schrödinger operator whose potential is the restriction of the periodic Airy–Schrödinger potential to a finite number of periods. We prove that all the eigenvalues of the operator corresponding to the restricted potential are in the spectral bands of the periodic Airy–Schrödinger operator and none of them are in their spectral gaps. In the semiclassical regime, we count the number of these eigenvalues in each of the spectral bands. Note that in our results, we have explicit constants that characterize the semiclassical regime.
Effect of irradiation of silicon photodiode arrays for ITER radial x-ray camera investigated by measuring response and current–voltage characteristics
Authors: Li Chaozhi , Zhao Jinlong , Cao Hongrui , Hu Liqun , Chen Kaiyun , Zhang Zijun
Published: April 2021

The response and current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of irradiated and non-irradiated silicon photodiode arrays (SPDAs) for use in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor camera are measured and compared. Irradiation experiments are carried out using a uranium–zirconium hydride pulsed reactor. The total equivalent 1 MeV neutron fluence with energy above 0.01 MeV is ∼9.89 × 1013 n cm−2. The output signal of the irradiated SPDA (XD2) shows a nonlinear trend during the irradiation experiment. The final signal is about 5.6% of the original one in the visible light region. Tests on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) show that the XD2 signal is 70%–80% of that of a non-irradiated SPDA (XD3). This indicates that irradiated SPDAs can still observe plasma radiation after exposure to 9.89 × 1013 n cm−2 neutron fluence. However, because the neutron fluence of external camera detectors will reach 1.4 × 1016 n cm−2 in D-T phase, the SPDAs might become unusable at some point. The responsivity ratio of irradiated and non-irradiated SPDAs is about 4%–20% from 7 to 13 keV. The degradation of responsivity is related to the energy level. After irradiation, the reversed dark current rises from 0.1 to 10 nA to a level of around 1 µA. In terms of tests of XD2 on EAST, zero bias is a good working condition for irradiated SPDAs.
Strong damping effect of chemo-repulsion prevents blow-up
Authors: Lin Ke , Xiang Tian
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we study Keller–Segel type chemotaxis systems with power-like nonlinear sensitivity, production of signals, and switching chemotaxis mechanism. We establish explicit relations to ensure local- and global-in-time boundedness of classical solutions. In the chemo-attractive setting, our results cover and unify separate cases and they are critical to the quite known blow-up results in the existing literature, while, in the chemo-repulsive setting, we find that much wider regimes compared to the attraction case can ensure global existence and boundedness. In comparison to the known results on the dichotomy between global solvability and blow-up for the associated chemo-attraction system, our findings reveal that the strong damping effect of chemo-repulsion prevents blow-up. Furthermore, our 3D local-in-time boundedness moves one step further toward the yet-to-be-proven popular saying that no blow-up would occur in the 3D minimal chemo-repulsion model.
High-resolution magnetic sensors in ferrite/piezoelectric heterostructure with giant magnetodielectric effect at zero bias field
Authors: Zhang Jitao , Liu Jiahui , Zhang Qingfang , Filippov D. A. , Li Kang , Wu Jie , Tao Jiagui , Jiang Liying , Cao Lingzhi , Srinivasan Gopalan
Published: April 2021

A dielectric AC magnetic sensor in layered ferrites/piezoelectric composites was fabricated and developed, whereby its high magnetodielectric (MDE) effects, the typical magnetic-sensing parameters, were systematically characterized at zero bias. Polycrystalline ferrites were synthesized by the solid-state sintering technique with a composition of Ni0.7Zn0.3Tb0.02Fe1.98O4, and the desired spinel structure and soft magnetic properties were confirmed by x-ray diffraction and VSM, respectively. The field-induced charge order insulating state in piezoelectric ceramics accounts for the suppressed permittivity, which enables the possibility of a highly sensitive magnetic sensor at zero bias field. Experimental results exhibit that a small variation in H as low as 100 mOe can be clearly distinguished with a favorable nonlinearity of 2.24%. Meanwhile, the output stability of the presented sensor under 2h of constant and continuous excitation was tested within a favorable fluctuating tolerance range of 6.14–6.28 nF, and the estimated uncertainty of ∼0.063 038 nF was verified by statistical analysis. The presented ferrite/piezoelectric magnetic sensors exhibiting a high MDE response without the requirement for an external magnetic bias are of importance for use in bio-magnetic field detection due to metrics of miniaturization, high sensitivity, and favorable stabilities.
The influences of fiscal and credit policies on renewable energy enterprises' investment in China
Authors: Zhang Chao , Chang Kai , Zeng Hong Yong
Published: April 2021

This article explores the transmission effects of fiscal and credit policies on investment by renewable energy enterprises using a generalized method of moments model applied to enterprise-level panel data. Our empirical results demonstrate that subsidies and taxation rebates received from central and local governments have significantly positive impacts on renewable energy enterprises' investment efficiency. Short-run, long-run, and total credit loans obtained from financial institutions have significantly positive impacts on renewable energy enterprises' investment. Subsidies and credit loans and taxation rebates and credit loans represent significantly positive interactions on renewable energy enterprises' investment. Variations in subsidies, taxation rebates, and credit loans induce interactions to become more sensitive. Overall, the results demonstrate that fiscal and credit policies are able to effectively incentivize renewable energy enterprises to invest in more profitable renewable energy projects and then enhance investments in tangible assets.
Guiding center and gyrokinetic orbit theory for large electric field gradients and strong shear flows
Authors: Joseph Ilon
Published: April 2021

The guiding center and gyrokinetic theory of magnetized particle motion is extended to the regime of large electric field gradients perpendicular to the magnetic field. A gradient in the electric field directly modifies the oscillation frequency and causes the Larmor orbits to deform from circular to elliptical trajectories. In order to retain a good adiabatic invariant, there can only be strong dependence on a single coordinate at lowest order, so that resonances do not generate chaotic motion that destroys the invariant. When the gradient across magnetic flux surfaces is dominant, the guiding center drift velocity becomes anisotropic in response to external forces and additional curvature drifts must be included. The electric polarization density remains gyrotropic, but both the polarization and magnetization are modified by the change in gyrofrequency. The theory can be applied to shear flows that are even stronger than those observed in the edge transport barrier of a high-performance tokamak (H-mode) pedestal, even if the toroidal field is as small as or even smaller than the poloidal field. Yet, the theory retains a mathematical form that is similar to the standard case and can readily be implemented within existing simulation tools.
Interface engineering for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells
Authors: Pan Han , Shao Hui , Zhang Xiao Li , Shen Yan , Wang Mingkui
Published: April 2021

The power conversion efficiency of thin film solar cells using organic–inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskite as an absorber has achieved over 25%. An augment of the output voltage can further increase the efficiency approaching the Shockley–Queisser efficiency limitation, which is highly correlated with charge carrier management at interfaces in perovskite devices. This perspective presents some considerations to improve carrier transfer and reduce recombination loss for highly efficient perovskite solar cells, including primary requests on charge carrier transfer dynamics, reasonable design methodologies of interfacial materials, and tuning interface interaction between perovskite and charge transport layers.