bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What is the crisis? Defining and prioritizing the world's most pressing problems
Authors: Cabrera Derek , Mandel James T , Andras Jason P , Nydam Marie L
Published: July 2008

As consensus grows regarding the unprecedented global environmental challenges we currently face, so too does the notion that publicly funded science has a duty to dedicate resources toward overcoming these challenges. In order for scientists to shift attention and resources to the most pressing global problems, we must first enumerate these issues and establish consensus across academia as to the importance and feasibility of solving them. To this end, we have applied concept mapping to a large and diverse pool of disciplinary experts – the entire faculty of Cornell University – to empirically assess their opinions on what our most pressing global crises are, how they relate to one another, and how feasible it would be to solve them. We (1) define what Cornell University faculty see as the most pressing problems of our day, (2) sort them into relevant, modern “disciplines”, and (3) rate them according to both their importance and the feasibility of solving them. This study reveals broad consensus across disciplines, groups global crises into seven thematic clusters that cross disciplinary boundaries, and rates issues relevant to all disciplines on a scale of importance and solvability. We believe that this provides a structured framework for both the scientific community and the global community to address global crises.
Ecological cross compliance promotes farmland biodiversity in Switzerland
Authors: Aviron Stéphanie , Nitsch Heike , Jeanneret Philippe , Buholzer Serge , Luka Henryk , Pfiffner Lukas , Pozzi Stefano , Schüpbach Beatrice , Walter Thomas , Herzog Felix
Published: July 2008

In ecological cross compliance, farmers have to meet environmental standards in order to qualify for area‐related direct payments. Because this is a strong financial incentive, cross compliance is a potentially powerful policy instrument. We monitored the effectiveness of cross compliance in promoting biodiversity on grassland and on arable land in Switzerland over 8 years. We observed measurable benefits for flora, butterflies, ground beetles, and spiders, in terms of species numbers and/or community composition. However, populations of threatened species showed no signs of benefit. While cross compliance has been in force in Switzerland for almost a decade, it has only recently been introduced in the neighboring European Union. We argue that – provided the environmental standards relating to biodiversity are increased in the future –common farmland biodiversity could be enhanced at the continental scale under cross compliance. The Swiss example shows that appropriate cross‐compliance standards benefit farmland biodiversity at field and farm scales, while the conservation of threatened species needs to be addressed by specific programs, acting at the scale of agricultural landscapes.
Impacts of land disturbance on aquatic ecosystem health: Quantifying the cascade of events
Authors: Sciera Katherine L , Smink John A , Morse John C , Post Christopher J , Pike Jeremy W , English William R , Karanfil Tanju , Hayes John C , Schlautman Mark A , Klaine Stephen J
Published: July 2008

The impacts of land disturbance on streams have been studied extensively, but a quantitative mechanism of stream degradation is still lacking. Small changes in land use result in changes in physical and chemical characteristics in the stream, which significantly alter biotic integrity. The objective of this study was to quantify the mechanisms of aquatic ecosystem degradation in streams impacted by watershed urbanization. By quantifying the development level and the changes in the physical parameters of receiving streams, the effects of land use change can be illustrated in a conceptual model and evaluated using a traditional ecological risk assessment framework. Three 1st-order streams draining catchments undergoing varying stages of land development were examined in the upper Piedmont physiographic province of South Carolina, USA. A disturbance index was developed to quantify the changes in land use on a monthly basis. This normalized disturbance index (NDI) was quantitatively linked to an increase in the percentage of impervious cover, stormwater runoff, storm-event total suspended solid (TSS) concentrations, and the North Carolina biotic index (NCBI). The NDI was inversely related to a decline in habitat, median bed-sediment particle size, and benthic index of biotic integrity (BIBI). Unlike the percentage of impervious cover, the NDI facilitated the development of strategies for multiple scales of regulation. Predictive multivariate regressions were developed for storm-event TSS concentrations, the BIBI, and the NCBI. These regressions can be used to develop improved regulations for the effects of development and can lead to better implementation of best management practices, improved monitoring of land use change, and more sustainable development.
Development and implementation of a near-real-time web reporting system on ground-level ozone in Europe
Authors: Normander Bo , Haigh Tim , Christiansen Jesper S , Jensen Trine S
Published: July 2008

This article presents the development and results of Ozone Web—a near-real-time Web-based approach to communicate environmental information to policy makers, researchers, and the general public. In Ozone Web, ground-level ozone information from 750 air quality measurement stations across Europe is collected on an hourly basis, filtered, interpolated, and presented on zoomable maps and graphs. Compared with other environmental information initiatives, the main aspects of this Website is the allowance for user interactivity, free access to data, and high timeliness. Data are published 2 to 3 h after actual monitoring. In a response to the acute characteristics of air pollution, the basic principle is that up-to-date and accurate information about air pollution levels will help 1) citizens to protect their health, 2) policy makers in assessing the state of the environment, and 3) researchers in exchanging data and knowledge. Near-real-time information systems on the Web seem to be a valuable complement to future environmental reporting, and the European Environment Agency is currently investigating the requirements needed to extend the use of near-real-time data, including reporting on air pollutants other than ozone.
Large Synoptic Survey Telescope: From science drivers to reference design
Authors: Ivezic Z. , Axelrod T. , Brandt W.N. , Burke D.L. , Claver C.F. , Connolly A. , Cook K.H. , Gee P. , Gilmore D.K. , Jacoby S.H. , Jones R.L. , Kahn S.M. , Kantor J.P. , Krabbendam V. , Lupton R.H. , Monet D.G. , Pinto P.A. , Saha A. , Schalk T.L. , Schneider D.P.
Published: July 2008

In the history of astronomy, major advances in our understanding of the Universe have come from dramatic improvements in our ability to accurately measure astronomical quantities. Aided by rapid progress in information technology, current sky surveys are changing the way we view and study the Universe. Next- generation surveys will maintain this revolutionary progress. We focus here on the most ambitious survey currently planned in the visible band, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). LSST will have unique survey capability in the faint time domain. The LSST design is driven by four main science themes: constraining dark energy and dark matter, taking an inventory of the Solar System, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. It will be a large, wide-field ground-based system designed to obtain multiple images covering the sky that is visible from Cerro Pachon in Northern Chile. The current baseline design, with an 8.4 m (6.5 m effective) primary mirror, a 9.6 deg2 field of view, and a 3,200 Megapixel camera, will allow about 10,000 square degrees of sky to be covered using pairs of 15-second exposures in two photometric bands every three nights on average. The system is designed to yield high image quality, as well as superb astrometric and photometric accuracy. The survey area will include 30,000 deg2 with ? < +34.5? , and will be imaged multiple times in six bands, ugrizy, covering the wavelength range 320-1050 nm. About 90% of the observing time will be devoted to a deep- wide-fast survey mode which will observe a 20,000 deg2 region about 1000 times in the six bands during the anticipated 10 years of operation. These data will result in databases including 10 billion galaxies and a similar number of stars, and will serve the majority of science programs. The remaining 10% of the observing time will be allocated to special programs such as Very Deep and Very Fast time domain surveys. We describe how the LSST science drivers led to these choices of system parameters.
Bohr's semiclassical model of the black hole thermodynamics
Authors: Pankovic V. , Predojevic M. , Grujic P.
Published: July 2008

We propose a simple procedure for evaluating the main attributes of a Schwarzschild's black hole: Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, Hawking temperature and Bekenstein's quantization of the surface area. We make use of the condition that the circumference of a great circle on the black hole horizon contains finite and whole number of the corresponding reduced Compton's wavelength. It is essentially analogous to Bohr's quantization postulate in Bohr's atomic model interpreted by de Broglie's relation. It implies the standard meaning of the black hole entropy corresponding to surface of the quantum variation of the great circles on the black hole horizon surface area. We present black hole radiation in the form conceptually analogous to Bohr's postulate on the photon emission by discrete quantum jump of the electron within the Old quantum theory. This enables us, in accordance with Heisenberg's uncertainty relation and Bohr's correspondence principle, to make a rough estimate of the time interval for black hole evaporation, which turns out very close to time interval predicted by the standard Hawking's theory. Our calculations confirm Bekenstein's semiclassical result for the energy quantization, in variance with Frasca's (2005) calculations. Finally we speculate about the possible source-energy distribution within the black hole horizon.
On the orbital periods for a particular case of spherical symmetry
Authors: Ninkovic S. , Jovanovic B.
Published: July 2008

A particular case of steady state and spherical symmetry - the so-called logarithmic potential introduced as the first approximation for dark coronae of galaxies - is studied. Both time and angle dependence of the distance to the centre for the orbit of a bound test particle with arbitrary initial conditions are calculated numerically. The main attention is paid to the ratio of the sidereal period to the anomalistic one. It is found that this ratio is only slightly variable for a given mean distance to the centre and to increase with increasing orbital eccentricity. This quantitative result may be explained by the fact that the cumulative mass dependence on the distance corresponding to the logarithmic potential obeys a power law, the case where the ratio of the second derivative of the potential to the square of angular velocity for the same distance is constant. On the other hand, compared to the period of circular motion both periods increase with increasing eccentricity.
Identification of beryllium hydride isotopomer lines in sunspot umbral spectra
Authors: Shanmugavel R. , Bagare S.P. , Rajamanickam N. , Kumar Balachandra
Published: July 2008

A high resolution spectrum of FTS sunspot umbra of NSO/Kitt Peak was used to conduct a search for the molecular absorption lines due to BeH, BeD and BeT isotopomers. Analysis led to estimates of identification of the molecular lines of bands A - X (0,0), (1,1) and (2,2) for BeH, A - X (0,0), (1,1), (2,2) and (3,3) for BeD and of A - X (0,0), (1,1) and (2,2) for BeT. Among the identified lines, those which are well resolved were selected for measurements to calculate equivalent widths. The values of effective rotational temperature T were estimated for bands A - X(1,1) and (2,2) of BeH, A - X(1,1) of BeD and A - X(2,2) of BeT to be 4228K, 4057K, 3941K and 3243K respectively.
Evidence of molecular adaptation to extreme environments and applicability to space environments
Authors: Filipovic M. , Ognjanovic S. , Ognjanovic M.
Published: July 2008

This is initial investigation of gene signatures responsible for adapting microscopic life to the extreme Earth environments. We present preliminary results on identification of the clusters of orthologous groups (COGs) common to several hyperthermophiles and exclusion of those common to a mesophile (non-hyperthermophile): Escherichia coli (E. coli K12), will yield a group of proteins possibly involved in adaptation to life under extreme temperatures. Comparative genome analyses represent a powerful tool in discovery of novel genes responsible for adaptation to specific extreme environments. Methanogens stand out as the only group of organisms that have species capable of growth at 0?C (Metarhizium frigidum (M. frigidum) and Methanococcoides burtonii (M. burtonii)) and 110?C (Methanopyrus kandleri (M. kandleri)). Although not all the components of heat adaptation can be attributed to novel genes, the chaperones known as heat shock proteins stabilize the enzymes under elevated temperature. However, highly conserved chaperons found in bacteria and eukaryots are not present in hyperthermophilic Archea, rather, they have a unique chaperone TF55. Our aim was to use software which we specifically developed for extremophile genome comparative analyses in order to search for additional novel genes involved in hyperthermophile adaptation. The following hyperthermophile genomes incorporated in this software were used for these studies: Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (M. jannaschii), M. kandleri, Archaeoglobus fulgidus (A. fulgidus) and three species of Pyrococcus. Common genes were annotated and grouped according to their roles in cellular processes where such information was available and proteins not previously implicated in the heat-adaptation of hyperthermophiles were identified. Additional experimental data are needed in order to learn more about these proteins. To address non-gene based components of thermal adaptation, all sequenced extremophiles were analyzed for their GC contents and aminoacid hydrophobicity. Finally, we develop a prediction model for optimal growth temperature.
S100A8 calcium-binding expression in radicular and dentigerous cysts and in keratocystic odontogenic tumors
Authors: Iezzi Giovanna , Piattelli Adriano , Rubini Corrado , Goteri Gaia , Perrotti Vittoria , Artese Luciano , Fioroni Massimiliano , Carinci Francesco
Published: July 2008

Introduction: Recently the term Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor (KCOT) has been recommended for Odontogenic Keratocysts (OKC) to address the neoplastic nature of the lesion compared to radicular and dentigerous cysts. S100 are calcium-binding proteins involved in cell differentiation and inflammation, with a potential role in neoplastic transformation. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether S100A8 protein expression is different in KCOT compared to radicular cysts (RC) and dentigerous cysts (DC). Methods: A total of 84 consecutive odontogenic cysts, 34 RC, 25 DC, and 25 KCOT, were analyzed in this study. Results: Epithelial cells in KCOT cases were not immunoreactive for S100A8 except focally in cases associated with inflammation, while RC cases showed a variable positivity of all the epithelial layers from the basal to the superficial in 19/34 cases and DC cases showed a weak positivity of the intermediate and superficial layers in 7/25 cases. Conclusion: The lack of S100A8 protein expression seems to be observed more frequently in KCOT compared to RC and DC. This difference might be related to their neoplastic nature and a potential aggressive biological behavior for odontogenic cystic lesions.
Effectiveness of different methods of decontamination of endodontic instruments
Authors: Popovic Jelena , Gasic Jovanka , Stojilkovic Goran , Dacic Stefan
Published: July 2008

Introduction: There is an increasing awareness of the risk of iatrogenic transmission of prion diseases, since this infective agent has shown resistance to conventional procedures of chemical and thermal decontamination and sterilisation. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods for biological debris removal from the surfaces of endodontic instruments and to suggest an efficient protocol for cleansing prior to sterilization. Materials and Methods: Eighty four new endodontic instruments were used for hand instrumentation of the root canals in extracted teeth in order to accumulate organic debris. The instruments were allocated to four groups and subjected to different methods of decontamination: mechanical cleansing with a brush and sponge, chemical dissolution in sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and enzyme cleanser, ultrasonic treatment in water and disinfectant and the combination of the most effective mechanical, chemical and ultrasonic methods. The instruments were stained in the Van Gieson solution which efficiently stains the organic component and then analyzed under a light microscope. Results: Effectiveness was evaluated based on the amount of residual organic material. The analysis of pairs of methods with similar effects showed significant differences between mechanical cleansing with a brush and sponge and ultrasonic treatment in water and disinfectant. No difference was found between treatments in NaOCl and enzyme cleanser. The combined method was significantly more efficient than the other methods. Conclusion: The most efficient protocol for endodontic instrument decontamination consists of mechanical cleansing with a sponge soaked in chlor hexidine, chemical treatment in the enzyme cleanser and ultrasonic treatment in an appropriate disinfectant.
Effect of smoking on alveolar bone resorption
Authors: Racunica Jelena , Ivetic Vesna , Naumovic Nada , Djuric Milanko
Published: July 2008

Introduction: Periodontal disease is one of the most common diseases in adults. Although the cause of periodontal disease is bacterial infection from the dental plaque, the level of destruction of periodontal tissues depends on risk factors, and smoking is one of the most important ones. Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the level of alveolar bone resorption in smokers. Materials and Methods: Radiographic examination of all present teeth was conducted in 30 smokers (12 men and 18 women) and 30 non-smokers (13 men and 17 women, control group), 20-60 years of age. Data on smoking habits, smoking period and the number of cigarettes a day were obtained using a questionnaire. The level of alveolar bone resorption was determined on retroalveolar X-rays, by measuring the distance from the amelo-cemental junction to the bone level on mesial and distal sides of each present tooth. Results: In smokers, significantly higher (p=0.00002) values of alveolar bone resorption (3.16 ? 2.07 mm) were found compared to the control group (1.72 ? 1.02 mm). In people who had been smoking for more than 15 years, significantly greater bone resorption was observed compared to those smoking for 15 years or less (p=0.00028). The interceptive relationship showed that smokers were at 2.98x greater risk (95% CI 1.04- 8.52) for the mean value of alveolar bone resorption of > 2 mm compared to non-smokers. Conclusion: The present results have shown that smoking increases alveolar bone resorption and that the period of smoking affects the level of resorption.
Possibilities to prevent gingivitis during fixed orthodontic appliance therapy
Authors: Matic Sava , Ivanovic Mirjana , Mandic Jelena , Nikolic Predrag
Published: July 2008

Introduction: During orthodontic treatment, the risk of gingivitis, periodontal disease and dental caries is increased. For good gingival health during orthodontic therapy, patients must be educated about the importance of daily oral hygiene and also given instructions on plaquecontrol techniques and how to use plaque removal devices properly. Objectives: The aim of this study was to present risk factors for gingivitis during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances as well as methods and resources for prevention of this widespread disease. Conclusion: Maintaining proper oral hygiene is of great benefit not only for gingival health but also for the success of orthodontic treatment and maintenance of treatment results. Beside healthy gingiva, favorable habits in oral hygiene remain life-long.
Thermal management of electronics: A review of literature
Authors: Anandan Sundaram , Ramalingam Velraj
Published: July 2008

Due to rapid growth in semiconductor technology, there is a continuous increase of the system power and the shrinkage of size. This resulted in inevitable challenges in the field of thermal management of electronics to maintain the desirable operating temperature. The present paper reviews the literature dealing with various aspects of cooling methods. Included are papers on experimental work on analyzing cooling technique and its stability, numerical modeling, natural convection, and advanced cooling methods. The issues of thermal management of electronics, development of new effective cooling schemes by using advanced materials and manufacturing methods are also enumerated in this paper. .
Empirical correlations to predict thermophysical and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids
Authors: Velagapudi Vasu , Konijeti Krishna , Aduru Kumar
Published: July 2008

Nanofluids exhibits larger thermal conductivity due to the presence of suspended nanosized solid particles in them such as Al2O3, Cu, CuO,TiO2, etc. Varieties of models have been proposed by several authors to explain the heat transfer enhancement of fluids such as water, ethylene glycol, engine oil containing these particles. This paper presents a systematic literature survey to exploit the thermophysical characteristics of nanofluids. Based on the experimental data available in the literature empirical correlation to predict the thermal conductivity of Al2O3, Cu, CuO, and TiO2 nanoparticles with water and ethylene glycol as base fluid is developed and presented. Similarly the correlations to predict the Nusselt number under laminar and turbulent flow conditions is also developed and presented. These correlations are useful to predict the heat transfer ability of nanofluids and takes care of variations in volume fraction, nanoparticle size and fluid temperature. The improved thermophysical characteristics of a nanofluid make it excellently suitable for future heat exchange applications. .
Effects of different mean velocity ratios on dynamics characteristics of a coaxial jet
Authors: Mergheni Ali , Boushaki Toufik , Sautet Jean-Charles , Godard Gille , Ben Ticha , Ben Nasrallah
Published: July 2008

The flow field of a coaxial jet configuration having inner and outer diameter ratio Di /Do = 0.33 is studied for four values of the velocity ratios and m = Ui /Uo = 5.17, 1.13, 0.77, and 0.54. The profiles of the mean axial velocity, of the axial turbulence intensities, and of the shear stress are described for the initial and fully zones. The obtained results show the inner potential core length of the coaxial jet strongly depends on the velocity ratio while the outer potential core for jets having velocity ratios greater than unity seems to be insensitive to the velocity ratio. As expected, the inner jet core length is seen to decrease with decreasing velocity ratio; jets with velocity less than unity develop faster than those with m greater than unity and the Reynolds stress show a zero-crossing in the near-region. .
Energy and exergy analysis of counter flow wet cooling towers
Authors: Saravanan Mani , Saravanan Rajagopal , Renganarayanan Sankaranarayanan
Published: July 2008

Cooling tower is an open system direct contact heat exchanger, where it cools water by both convection and evaporation. In this paper, a mathematical model based on heat and mass transfer principle is developed to find the outlet condition of water and air. The model is solved using iterative method. Energy and exergy analysis infers that inlet air wet bulb temperature is found to be the most important parameter than inlet water temperature and also variation in dead state properties does not affect the performance of wet cooling tower. .
Numerical study of combined convection heat transfer for thermally developing upward flow in a vertical cylinder
Authors: Mohammed Hussein , Salman Yasin
Published: July 2008

The problem of the laminar upward mixed convection heat transfer for thermally developing air flow in the entrance region of a vertical circular cylinder under buoyancy effect and wall heat flux boundary condition has been numerically investigated. An implicit finite difference method and the Gauss elimination technique have been used to solve the governing partial differential equations of motion (Navier Stocks equations) for two-dimensional model. This investigation covers Reynolds number range from 400 to 1600, heat flux is varied from 70 W/m2 to 400 W/m2. The results present the dimensionless temperature profile, dimensionless velocity profile, dimensionless surface temperature along the cylinder, and the local Nusselt number variation with the dimensionless axial distance Z+. The dimensionless velocity and temperature profile results have revealed that the secondary flow created by natural convection have a significant effect on the heat transfer process. The results have also shown an increase in the Nusselt number values as the heat flux increases. The results have been compared with the available experimental study and with the available analytical solution for pure forced convection in terms of the local Nusselt number. The comparison has shown satisfactory agreement. .
Spontaneous ignition of biodiesel: A potential fire risk
Authors: Shibata Yasuhito , Koseki Hiroshi , Shimizu Okiyasu
Published: July 2008

The spontaneous ignition of biodiesel was for the first time suspected to be the cause of a recent fire in Japan. We herein present experimental evidence implying this potential risk of biodiesel. Thus, three independent biodiesel samples were subjected to a series of experiments, including a thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, a differential scanning calorimetry analysis and a modified wire basket test. The results were comparatively evaluated with reference to vegetable oils, of which spontaneous ignition has been well reported as a cause of fires. The heat onset temperature of biodiesel samples was determined to be ~100 ?C, which was ~45 ?C lower than those of vegetable oils. Furthermore, under the isothermal condition at 100 ?C, the inner temperature of biodiesel samples rose rapidly with the generation of smoke after short induction periods owing to their exothermal decomposition, whereas for vegetable oils neither change in the inside temperature nor generation of smoke was observed even after 10 hours. It was therefore concluded that biodiesel possesses the higher risk of spontaneous ignition than vegetable oils. This is very important information to minimize the fire risk in biodiesel production facilities and so on. .
Technical aspects of biodiesel production from vegetable oils
Authors: Krishnakumar Janahiraman , Venkatachalapathy Karuppannan , Elancheliyan Sellappan
Published: July 2008

Biodiesel, a promising substitute as an alternative fuel has gained significant attention due to the finite nature of fossil energy sources and does not produce sulfur oxides and minimize the soot particulate in comparison with the existing one from petroleum diesel. The utilization of liquid fuels such as biodiesel produced from vegetable oil by transesterification process represents one of the most promising options for the use of conventional fossil fuels. In the first step of this experimental research, edible rice bran oil used as test material and converted into methyl ester and non-edible jatropha vegetable oil is converted into jatropha oil methyl ester, which are known as biodiesel and they are prepared in the presence of homogeneous acid catalyst and optimized their operating parameters like reaction temperature, quantity of alcohol and the catalyst requirement, stirring rate and time of esterification. In the second step, the physical properties such as density, flash point, kinematic viscosity, cloud point, and pour point were found out for the above vegetable oils and their methyl esters. The same characteristics study was also carried out for the diesel fuel for obtaining the baseline data for analysis. The values obtained from the rice bran oil methyl ester and jatropha oil methyl ester are closely matched with the values of conventional diesel and it can be used in the existing diesel engine without any hardware modification. In the third step the storage characteristics of biodiesel are also studied. .
Influence of biodiesel on injection, fuel spray, and engine characteristics
Authors: Kegl Breda , Pehan Stanislav
Published: July 2008

This paper discusses the influence of biodiesel on the injection, spray, and engine characteristics with the aim to reduce harmful emissions. The considered engine is a bus diesel engine with injection M system. The injection, fuel spray, and engine characteristics, obtained with biodiesel, are compared to those obtained with mineral diesel under peak torque and rated conditions. The considered fuel is neat biodiesel from rapeseed oil. Its density, viscosity, surface tension, and sound velocity are determined experimentally and compared to those of mineral diesel. The experimentally obtained results are used to analyze the most important injection, fuel spray, and engine characteristics. Furthermore, the influence of biodiesel usage on lubrication is presented briefly. The results indicate that, by using biodiesel, harmful emissions (NOx, CO, HC, smoke, and PM) can be reduced to some extent by adjusting the injection pump timing properly while keeping other engine characteristics within acceptable limits. Furthermore, the results indicate better lubrication conditions when biodiesel is used.
Formulation space search approach for the teacher/class timetabling problem
Authors: Kochetov Yuri , Kononova Polina , Paschenko Mikhail
Published: July 2008

We consider the well known NP-hard teacher/class timetabling problem. Variable neighborhood search and tabu search heuristics are developed based on idea of the Formulation Space Search approach. Two types of solution representation are used in the heuristics. For each representation we consider two families of neighborhoods. The first family uses swapping of time periods for teacher (class) timetable. The second family bases on the idea of large Kernighan-Lin neighborhoods. Computation results for difficult random test instances show high efficiency of the proposed approach. .
The truncated Hyper-Poisson queues: Hk/Ma,b/C/N with balking, reneging and general bulk service rule
Authors: Shawky A.I. , El-Paoumy M.S.
Published: July 2008

The aim of this paper is to derive the analytical solution of the queue: Hk/Ma,b/C/N with balking and reneging in which (I) units arrive according to a hyper-Poisson distribution with k independent branches, (II) the queue discipline is FIFO; and (III) the units are served in batches according to a general bulk service rule. The steady-state probabilities, recurrence relations connecting various probabilities introduced are found and the expected number of units in the queue is derived in an explicit form. Also, some special cases are obtained. .
Newton method for determining the optimal replenishment policy for EPQ model with present value
Authors: Wu Kuo-Jung , Lei Hsui-Li , Jung Sung-Te , Chu Peter
Published: July 2008

This paper is a response for the paper of Dohi, Kaio and Osaki, that was published in RAIRO: Operations Research, 26, 1-14 (1992) for an EPQ model with present value. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, the convex and increasing properties for the first derivative of the objective function are proved. Second, we apply the Newton method to find the optimal cycle time. Third, we provide some numerical examples to demonstrate that the Newton method is more efficient than the bisection method. .
Risk-based decision making and risk management of European Union regional programs
Authors: Michalopoulos Evangelos , Georgiou Andreas , Paparrizos Konstantinos
Published: July 2008

This paper presents a generalized method for management decision making incorporating risk assessment techniques. The risk based decision making methodology is applied to European Union expenditure programs used to implement its regional policy, such as the community support framework, community initiatives, special initiatives and other European policies. An example is presented for the development of an audit (inspection) program in the region of West Macedonia, Greece, during the implementation of the 3rd Community Structural Support Framework Operational Program. The generic nature of the method permits its use in the management of similar European regional programs in Greece and other European countries. It is also applicable to many other industries interested in applying risk-based management decisions to physical or process based systems. .
Improved Photocontrol of α‐Chymotrypsin Activity: Peptidomimetic Trifluoromethylketone Photoswitch Enzyme Inhibitors
Authors: Pearson David , Alexander Nathan , Abell Andrew D.
Published: July 2008

A series of peptidomimetic trifluoromethylketones containing the photoisomerisable azobenzene group have been synthesised, photoisomerised and assayed against the serine protease α‐chymotrypsin. All are inhibitors of the enzyme and exhibit up to a fivefold increase in activity on UV irradiation. Visible irradiation returns activity to close to that of the original sample. These results suggest the trifluoromethylketone group to be the best electrophilic enzyme binding group for use in photoswitch inhibitors of α‐chymotrypsin.
Pre‐Activation‐Based One‐Pot Synthesis of an α‐(2,3)‐Sialylated Core‐Fucosylated Complex Type Bi‐Antennary N‐Glycan Dodecasaccharide
Authors: Sun Bin , Srinivasan Balasubramanian , Huang Xuefei
Published: July 2008

Synthesis of N‐glycans is of high current interests due to their important biological properties. A highly efficient convergent strategy based on the pre‐activation method for assembly of the complex type core fucosylated bi‐antennary N‐glycan dodecasaccharide has been developed. Retrosynthetically, this extremely challenging target is broken down to three modules: a sialyl disaccharide, a glucosamine building block and a hexasaccharide diol acceptor. The sialyl disaccharide was easily obtained by selective activation of a new 5‐N‐trichloroacetyl protected sialyl donor in the presence of a thiogalactoside acceptor. The hexasaccharide diol module was produced by double mannosylation of a fucosylated tetrasaccharide acceptor, which in turn was generated by glycosylation of a α‐fucosylated disaccharide with a β‐mannose containing disaccharide donor. The union of the three modules was performed in one‐pot giving the fully protected dodecasaccharide in high yield. This synthesis is characterized by minimum protective group and aglycon adjustment on oligosaccharide intermediates, thus greatly enhancing the overall synthetic efficiency. The modular feature of this strategy suggests that this method can be readily adapted to the synthesis of a wide variety of N‐glycan structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Photophysical Properties of Some Oxides in Ca—Bi—O System.
Authors: Luo Wenjun , Tang Junwang , Zou Zhigang , Ye Jinhua
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Indene‐Based Thiazolidinethione Chiral Auxiliary for Propionate and Acetate Aldol Additions.
Authors: Osorio‐Lozada Antonio , Olivo Horacio F.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: TEMPO/HCl/NaNO2 Catalyst: A Transition‐Metal‐Free Approach to Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Wang Xinliang , Liu Renhua , Jin Yu , Liang Xinmiao
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Ni‐Catalyzed Conjugate Allylation of Activated Enones.
Authors: Sieber Joshua D. , Morken James P.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Orthoamide. Part 67. Bis(diformylamino)methane — A New Efficient Formylating Reagent for Aromatic Compounds.
Authors: Kantlehner Willi , Anders Ernst , Mezger Jochen , Stoyanov Edmont V. , Kress Ralf , Wermann Kurt , Frey Wolfgang , Goerls Helmar
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Chiral Phosphine‐Triazine Ligand Derived from α‐Phenylethylamine for Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation.
Authors: Huang Jia Di , Hu Xiang Ping , Zheng Zhuo
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High Pressure Assisted Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Trialkyldiaziridines from N‐Chloroalkylamines.
Authors: Kuznetsov Vladimir V. , Syroeshkina Julia S. , Moskvin Dmitrii I. , Struchkova Marina I. , Makhova Nina N. , Zharov Alexey A.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Oxy‐Michael Additions to β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Keto Esters: Rapid Enantioselective Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxybutenolides.
Authors: Xiong Xin , Ovens Caroline , Pilling Adam W. , Ward John W. , Dixon Darren J.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Synthesis of Functionalized C5‐Unsaturated Hydantoin Derivatives via a Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Sheikhi Ehsan
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Reduction of an α,β‐Disubstituted Alkene with Sodium Borohydride in the Presence of Tetra‐tert‐butylphthalocyanine Complexes.
Authors: Kalashnikov Valery V. , Tomilova Larisa G.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 8‐Hydroxyquinolines with Amino and Thioalkyl Functionalities at Position 4.
Authors: Omar Walaa A. E. , Heiskanen Juha P. , Hormi Osmo E. O.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Evaluation of Myorelaxant Activity of 7‐Substituted Hexahydroquinoline Derivatives in Isolated Rabbit Gastric Fundus.
Authors: Guenduez Miyase Goezde , Oeztuerk Goekce Sevim , Vural Ismail Mert , Simsek Rahime , Sarioglu Yusuf , Safak Cihat
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Adenosine Receptor Binding Studies of Some Novel Triazolothienopyrimidines.
Authors: Prasad Mailavaram Raghu , Rao Akkinepally Raghuram , Rao Pamulaparthy Shanthan , Rajan Kombu Subramanian , Meena Shanmugam , Madhavi Kuchana
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiopure 1,3,4‐Thiazaphospholes.
Authors: Kibardina Lyudmila K. , Pudovik Mikhail A. , Alfonsov Vladimir A. , Kataeva Olga N.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Sterol from Whole Plants of Eriocaulon sieboldianum.
Authors: Song Myoung‐Chong , Yang Hye‐Joung , Park Sang‐Kyu , Choi Hong‐Keun , Baek Nam‐In
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: External vs. Internal Interactions in the Enantiodiscrimination of Fluorinated α‐Amino Acid Derivatives by Heptakis[2,3‐di‐O‐acetyl‐6‐O‐(tert‐butyldimethylsilyl)] ‐βcyclodextrin, a Powerful Chiral Solvating Agent for NMR Spectroscopy.
Authors: Uccello‐Barretta Gloria , Balzano Federica , Pertici Francesca , Jicsinszky Laszlo , Sicoli Giuseppe , Schurig Volker
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Originally Proposed (I) and Revised Structures (II) of Palmerolide A and Isomers Thereof.
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Sun Ya‐Ping , Guduru Ramakrishna , Banerji Biswadip , Chen David Y.‐K.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Maitotoxin. Part 1. Stereoselective Synthesis of the C′D′E′F′‐Ring System Having a Side Chain.
Authors: Morita Masayuki , Ishiyama Seishi , Koshino Hiroyuki , Nakata Tadashi
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Maitotoxin. Part 2. Stereoselective Synthesis of the WXYZA′‐Ring System.
Authors: Morita Masayuki , Haketa Tasuku , Koshino Hiroyuki , Nakata Tadashi
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diamondoids as Molecular Building Blocks for Nanotechnology
Authors: Ramezani Hamid , Mansoori G. Ali
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Design for Catalytic Asymmetric Reduction
Authors: Ohkuma Takeshi , Kitamura Masato , Noyori Ryoji
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Magnetism of the 6H Hexagonal Double Perovskites Ba2FeSbO6 and Ba2CoSbO6‐δ: A Neutron Diffraction and Moessbauer Spectroscopy Study.
Authors: Retuerto M. , Alonso J. A. , Martinez‐Lope M. J. , Garcia‐Hernandez M. , Krezhov K. , Spirov I. , Ruskov T. , Fernandez‐Diaz M. T.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Study of the High‐Al Part of the Al—Pd—Re Phase Diagram.
Authors: Balanetskyy S. , Grushko B.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.