bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marital satisfaction and trauma-related symptoms among injured survivors of terror attacks and their spouses
Authors: Weinberg Michael , Besser Avi , Zeigler-Hill Virgil , Neria Yuval
Published: February 2017

This study examined the relationships between marital satisfaction and trauma-related symptoms (i.e., post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety) among 105 couples of injured survivors of terror attacks and their spouses ( N = 210). Structural equation modeling and the actor–partner interdependence model were used to test the interdependence relationship between survivors’ and spouses’ marital satisfaction and trauma-related symptoms. The results demonstrated that the level of marital satisfaction reported by unexposed spouses was negatively associated with their own trauma-related symptoms as well as with the symptoms reported by the survivors. In contrast, the level of marital satisfaction reported by the survivors was negatively associated with their own trauma-related symptoms but had no connection with trauma-related symptoms reported by their spouses. Taken together, our findings shed new light on the potential links between marital satisfaction and trauma-related symptoms for survivors of terrorism and their spouses. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are also discussed.
Up-regulation of cerebral cytochrome-c-oxidase and hemodynamics by transcranial infrared laser stimulation: A broadband near-infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Wang Xinlong , Tian Fenghua , Reddy Divya D , Nalawade Sahil S , Barrett Douglas W , Gonzalez-Lima Francisco , Liu Hanli
Published: February 2017

Transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) is a noninvasive form of brain photobiomulation. Cytochrome-c-oxidase (CCO), the terminal enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, is hypothesized to be the primary intracellular photoacceptor. We hypothesized that TILS up-regulates cerebral CCO and causes hemodynamic changes. We delivered 1064-nm laser stimulation to the forehead of healthy participants ( n = 11), while broadband near-infrared spectroscopy was utilized to acquire light reflectance from the TILS-treated cortical region before, during, and after TILS. Placebo experiments were also performed for accurate comparison. Time course of spectroscopic readings were analyzed and fitted to the modified Beer–Lambert law. With respect to the placebo readings, we observed (1) significant increases in cerebral concentrations of oxidized CCO (Δ[CCO]; >0.08 µM; p < 0.01), oxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[HbO]; >0.8 µM; p < 0.01), and total hemoglobin (Δ[HbT]; >0.5 µM; p < 0.01) during and after TILS, and (2) linear interplays between Δ[CCO] versus Δ[HbO] and between Δ[CCO] versus Δ[HbT]. Ratios of Δ[CCO]/Δ[HbO] and Δ[CCO]/Δ[HbT] were introduced as TILS-induced metabolic-hemodynamic coupling indices to quantify the coupling strength between TILS-enhanced cerebral metabolism and blood oxygen supply. This study provides the first demonstration that TILS causes up-regulation of oxidized CCO in the human brain, and contributes important insight into the physiological mechanisms.
Sequential PET estimation of cerebral oxygen metabolism with spontaneous respiration of 15O-gas in mice with bilateral common carotid artery stenosis
Authors: Temma Takashi , Yamazaki Makoto , Miyanohara Jun , Shirakawa Hisashi , Kondo Naoya , Koshino Kazuhiro , Kaneko Shuji , Iida Hidehiro
Published: February 2017

Positron emission tomography with 15O-labeled gases (15O-PET) is important for in vivo measurement of cerebral oxygen metabolism both in clinical and basic settings. However, there are currently no reports concerning 15O-PET in mice. Here, we developed an 15O-PET method applicable to mice with spontaneous respiration of 15O-gas without a tracheotomy catheter. Sequential 15O-PET was also performed in a mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion with bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) induced by placement of microcoils. 15O-gas with isoflurane was supplied to the nose of mouse with evacuation of excess 15O-gas surrounding the body. 15O-PET was performed on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after surgery. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume, oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) were calculated in whole brains. A significant decrease in CBF and compensatory increase in OEF in the BCAS group produced CMRO2 values comparable to that of the sham group at three days post-operation. Although CBF and OEF in the BCAS group gradually recovered over the first 28 days, the CMRO2 showed a gradual decrease to 68% of sham values at 28 days post-operation. In conclusion, we successfully developed a noninvasive 15O-PET method for mice.
How Images Draw the Eye: An Eye-Tracking Study of Composition
Authors: Kirtley Clare
Published: February 2017

In his instructional art book, Andrew Loomis provides images and corresponding diagrams that indicate how the composition of the image should guide the viewer's eye. Using these images, we examined whether participants would follow the suggested cues. Participants' eyes were tracked as they viewed the images, allowing us to take measures of where they entered and exited the image, whether they attended to the focal part of the image, and what path they followed between these components. These measures could then be compared with Loomis' suggestions, to determine if the elements did indeed have the proposed influence. While viewers were attracted to the focal points, and spent the most time examining these, they did not use the entry and exit points marked by Loomis, and the suggested viewing paths were not closely followed. It appears that Loomis' suggested elements of composition do not strongly influence viewers' eye movements.
Computational design of mixed-initiative human–robot teaming that considers human factors: situational awareness, workload, and workflow preferences
Authors: Gombolay Matthew , Bair Anna , Huang Cindy , Shah Julie
Published: February 2017

Advancements in robotic technology are making it increasingly possible to integrate robots into the human workspace in order to improve productivity and decrease worker strain resulting from the performance of repetitive, arduous physical tasks. While new computational methods have significantly enhanced the ability of people and robots to work flexibly together, there has been little study of the ways in which human factors influence the design of these computational techniques. In particular, collaboration with robots presents unique challenges related to the preservation of human situational awareness and the optimization of workload allocation for human teammates while respecting their workflow preferences. We conducted a series of human subject experiments to investigate these human factors, and provide design guidelines for the development of intelligent collaborative robots based on our results.
An air-standard finite-time heat addition Otto engine model
Authors: Naaktgeboren Christian
Published: February 2017

A classical thermodynamic model for spark-ignited internal combustion engine simulation in which the heat addition process that takes a finite amount of time to complete is presented along with an illustrative parameter sensibility case study. The model accounts for all air-standard Otto cycle parameters, as well as crank-connecting rod mechanism, ignition timing, engine operating speed, and cumulative heat release history parameters. The model is particularly suitable for engineering undergraduate education, as it preserves most of the air-standard assumptions, while being able to reproduce real engine traits, such as the decay of maximum pressure, power, and thermal efficiency at higher engine operating speeds. In terms of complexity, the resulting finite-time heat addition Otto cycle sits between the classical air-standard Otto cycle and the more involved air–fuel Otto cycle, that are usually introduced on more advanced mechanical engineering courses, and allows students to perform engine parameter sensibility studies using only classical, single phase, pure substance, undergraduate engineering thermodynamics.
Building a Research Data Management Service at the University of California, Berkeley
Authors: Wittenberg Jamie , Elings Mary
Published: February 2017

University of California, Berkeley’s Library and the central Research Information Technologies unit have collaborated to develop a research data management program that leverages each organization’s expertise and resources to create a unified service. The service offers a range of workshops, consultation, and an online resource. Because of this collaboration, service areas that are often fully embedded in IT, like backup and secure storage, as well as services in the Library domain, like resource discovery and instruction, are integrated into a single research data management program. This case study discusses the establishment of the program, the obstacles in implementing it, and outcomes of the collaborative model.
Unused Opioid Pills After Outpatient Shoulder Surgeries Given Current Perioperative Prescribing Habits
Authors: Kumar Kanupriya , Gulotta Lawrence V. , Dines Joshua S. , Allen Answorth A. , Cheng Jennifer , Fields Kara G. , YaDeau Jacques T. , Wu Christopher L.
Published: February 2017

Background:

In the past 16 years, the number of prescription opioids sold in the United States, as well as deaths from prescription opioids, has nearly quadrupled. However, the overall amount of pain reported by patients has not changed significantly. Specific information about opioid prescriptions in the perioperative period is lacking. Of the studies that have been published, investigators have shown that the majority of patients have unused postoperative opioid pills. Moreover, patients appear to lack information about disposal of unused opioid pills.

Purpose:

To compare the number of pills prescribed versus the numbers left unused after outpatient shoulder surgeries at an orthopaedic surgery institution.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

In this prospective, observational study, 100 patients (age >18 years) undergoing outpatient shoulder surgery (rotator cuff repair, labral repair, stabilization/Bankart repair, debridement) were enrolled. Follow-ups were conducted via surveys on postoperative days (PODs) 7, 14, 28, and 90. The primary outcome was the number of unused pills from the originally prescribed medication.

Results:

For all procedure types, the median (Q1, Q3) number of prescribed pills was 60 (40, 80). On POD 90, patients reported a median (Q1, Q3) of 13 (0, 32) unused pills; patients who underwent rotator cuff repairs had the lowest number of pills remaining (median [Q1, Q3], 0 [0, 16]), whereas patients who had stabilization/Bankart repairs had the highest number of unused pills (median [Q1, Q3], 37 [29, 50]). Patient satisfaction with pain management ranged from an average of 70% to 90%. Only 25 patients received instructions or education about opioid disposal.

Conclusion:

Most outpatient shoulder surgery patients who underwent certain operations were prescribed more opioid analgesics than they consumed. Patient education regarding the disposal of opioids was lacking.
Daily Mobility in the Black-White Segregated City: Linking Material Realities and Repertoires of Meaning
Authors: Gordon Daanika
Published: February 2017

As the overt institutional maintenance of black-white residential segregation declines, we can investigate its persistence by analyzing the racial projects of everyday life. Daily mobility—movement from place to place for the sake of routine activities—represents one such project. Daily mobility patterns reflect the material realities of uneven resource distribution across neighborhoods and unequal means of access across residents. Yet, daily mobility patterns additionally reflect residents’ subjective interpretations and agentic navigations of space. Various repertoires of meaning that evoke racial dynamics can maintain or challenge the ideational foundations of the racial order. In turn, they can deter or encourage the crossing of segregation boundaries. The daily mobility framework acknowledges that experiences of segregation can vary considerably, as they are shaped by both spatial-opportunity distance and social-psychological distance. As a means of illustration, this project presents divergent daily mobility accounts drawn from interviews with 12 residents of Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Vocabulary Instruction for Secondary Students With Reading Disabilities: An Updated Research Review
Authors: Kuder S. Jay
Published: February 2017

This article presents an update and extension of the research on instructional methods for vocabulary learning by secondary-age students with learning disabilities. Seven studies that have been published since the last comprehensive review of the research were located. Four instructional methods were found to be the most effective: mnemonic instruction, learning strategies that utilized morphemic analysis, direct instruction, and multimedia instruction. In addition, peer-mediated instruction was found to be a successful approach for supporting vocabulary learning, although it was not possible to separate the effects of peer mediation from the instructional methods used. Implications for classroom practice and for future research are discussed.
In vivo and in vitro assessment of the biocompatibility and degradation of high-purity Mg anastomotic staples
Authors: Qu Su , Xia Jiazeng , Yan Jun , Wu Hongliu , Wang Hao , Yi Yi , Zhang Xiaonong , Zhang Shaoxiang , Zhao ChangLi , Chen Yigang
Published: February 2017

Titanium (Ti) staples are not biodegradable, and anastomotic complications related to Ti staples are reported frequently. In the present study, the biocompatibility and degradation behavior of high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) staples with the small intestine were investigated. HP Mg staples did not affect the relative growth rate, cell cycle and apoptosis of primary rectal mucosal epithelial cells (IEC-6) in vitro. At one, two and three days after immersion in intestinal juice, the weight of the 30 rinsed HP Mg staples reduced by 7.5 ± 1.6, 10.6 ± 2.2 and 13.5 ± 2.1 mg, respectively, and those in the Hanks’ solution reduced by 3.9 ± 0.8, 6.1 ± 1.2 and 7.1 ± 2.4 mg. Extracts of HP Mg staples were bio-safe for IEC-6, and the corrosion rate of HP staples was faster in the small intestinal juice than in the Hanks’ solution. In the in vivo experiments, the small intestine of the minipigs was anastomosed by HP Mg and Ti staples. HP Mg staples neither affected important bio-chemical parameters nor induced serious inflammation or necrosis in the anastomosis tissues. The residual weight of a HP Mg staples (0.81 ± 0.13 mg) was 89.7% of the original weight (9 ± 0.09 mg) one month after surgery. The in vivo corrosion rate for one HP Mg staple was determined to be∼0.007 ± 0.001 mm·month−1. The preliminary results of the biocompatibility and degradation of high-purity Mg anastomotic staples are promising, and further studies will be initiated to study in more detail.
Variable-structure interacting multiple-model estimation for group targets tracking with random matrices
Authors: Li Zhen-Xing , Wang Yun , Liu Jin-Mang , Peng Ni , Gan Lin-Hai
Published: February 2017

In order to improve the estimation performance of interacting multiple model tracking algorithm for group targets, the expected-mode augmentation variable-structure interacting multiple model (EMA-VSIMM) and the best model augmentation variable-structure interacting multiple model (BMA-VSIMM) tracking algorithms are presented in this paper. First, by using the EMA method, a more proper expected-mode set has been chosen from the basic model set of group targets, which can make the selected tracking models better match up to the true mode. The BMA algorithm uses a fixed parameter model of different structures to constitute a candidate model set and selects a minimum difference model from target state as the present extended model from the set of candidates at real time. Second, in the filtering process of VSIMM, the fusion estimation of extension state is implemented by the scalar coefficients weighting method, where weight coefficient is calculated by the trace of the corresponding covariance matrix of extension state. The performances of the proposed EMA-VSIMM and BMA-VSIMM algorithms are evaluated via simulation of a generic group targets maneuvering tracking problem.
Robust adaptive gliding guidance for hypersonic vehicles
Authors: Zhu Jianwen , Liu Luhua , Tang Guojian , Bao Weimin
Published: February 2017

A novel robust adaptive gliding guidance strategy based on multi-constrained analytical optimal guidance and online identification of aerodynamic coefficients for hypersonic vehicles is proposed. The guidance models are constructed in both longitudinal and lateral directions and optimal guidance law, namely required load factor, is designed with minimum energy consumption to satisfy terminal position, altitude and flight-path angle constraints. Considering aerodynamic coefficients are the core factors in the angle-of-attack calculation, it constructs the aerodynamic models in the form of quadratic polynomial function and employs extended Kalman filter to estimate the unknown parameters. Using the optimal guidance law based on current flight states and terminal constraints and the identified outputs to calculate angle-of-attack, then the gliding guidance mission can be achieved adaptively and robustly. Finally, the simulation experiments of high performance of the common aerothermodynamics-shell vehicle (CAV-H) are carried out to validate the guidance performance.
Trends in the incidence of AIDS-defining and non-AIDS-defining cancers in people living with AIDS: a population-based study from São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Tanaka Luana F , Latorre Maria do Rosário DO , Gutierrez Eliana B , Heumann Christian , Herbinger Karl-Heinz , Froeschl Guenter
Published: February 2017

People living with AIDS are at increased risk of developing certain cancers. Since the introduction of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the incidence of AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) has decreased in high-income countries. The objective of this study was to analyse trends in ADCs and non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) in HIV-positive people with a diagnosis of AIDS, in comparison to the general population, in São Paulo, Brazil. A probabilistic record linkage between the ‘Population-based Cancer Registry of São Paulo’ and the AIDS notification database (SINAN) was conducted. Cancer trends were assessed by annual per cent change (APC). In people with AIDS, 2074 cancers were diagnosed. Among men with AIDS, the most frequent cancer was Kaposi’s sarcoma (469; 31.1%), followed by non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; 304; 20.1%). A decline was seen for ADCs (APC = −14.1%). All NADCs have increased (APC = 7.4%/year) significantly since the mid-2000s driven by the significant upward trends of anal (APC = 24.6%/year) and lung cancers (APC = 15.9%/year). In contrast, in men from the general population, decreasing trends were observed for these cancers. For women with AIDS, the most frequent cancer was cervical (114; 20.2%), followed by NHL (96; 17.0%). Significant declining trends were seen for both ADCs (APC = −15.6%/year) and all NADCs (APC = −15.8%/year), a comparable pattern to that found for the general female population. Trends in cancers among people with AIDS in São Paulo showed similar patterns to those found in developed countries. Although ADCs have significantly decreased, probably due to the introduction of HAART, NADCs in men have shown an opposite upward trend.
Sexually transmitted infection prevalence and related risk factors among heterosexual male methamphetamine users in China
Authors: Liu Dianchang , Jiang Zhenxia , Xiu Cuizhen , Li Zhizhi , Song Qing , Wang Zhenhong
Published: February 2017

Few studies have examined the association between methamphetamine (MA) abuse and sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk among heterosexual male MA users in China. A total of 288 heterosexual male MA users who met our inclusion criteria were recruited from nightclubs, KTVs, bars, bath centres and an STI clinic. STIs were screened among the participants, and the risk factors related to STIs were analysed by multivariate logistic regression in SPSS 11.0. Among the 288 heterosexual male MA users, 51 (17.7%) had syphilis, 36 (12.5%) had genital warts, 2 (0.7%) had genital herpes, 3 (1.0%) had HIV infection and 41 (14.2%) had urethritis. STIs were associated with the following variates: ‘MA has the function of anti-inebriation’ (OR = 2.522, 95%CI = 1.337–4.756), ‘I am addicted to MA’ (OR = 4.030, 95%CI = 2.194–7.401), ‘It occurred to me to abstain from MA’ (OR = 2.939, 95%CI = 1.246–6.934), ‘Years of MA abuse’ (OR = 2.622, 95%CI = 1.318–5.215), ‘Times of MA abuse per week’ (OR = 5.275, 95%CI = 1.988–14.002), ‘Number of persons using MA together’ (OR = 2.579, 95%CI = 1.246–5.340) and ‘Number of female sex workers as sex partners per MA abuse’ (OR = 4.004, 95%CI = 1.526–10.508). Our findings show that MA users belong to the high-risk group for STI in China. STIs, except for HIV, have spread widely among heterosexual male MA users. Thus, specific interventions must be conducted to prevent the spread of STIs in this population in China.
Hippocampal Processing of Ambiguity Enhances Fear Memory
Authors: Amadi Ugwechi , Lim Seh Hong , Liu Elizabeth , Baratta Michael V. , Goosens Ki A.
Published: February 2017

Despite the ubiquitous use of Pavlovian fear conditioning as a model for fear learning, the highly predictable conditions used in the laboratory do not resemble real-world conditions, in which dangerous situations can lead to unpleasant outcomes in unpredictable ways. In the current experiments, we varied the timing of aversive events after predictive cues in rodents and discovered that temporal ambiguity of aversive events greatly enhances fear. During fear conditioning with unpredictably timed aversive events, pharmacological inactivation of the dorsal hippocampus or optogenetic silencing of cornu ammonis 1 cells during aversive negative prediction errors prevented this enhancement of fear without affecting fear learning for predictable events. Dorsal hippocampal inactivation also prevented ambiguity-related enhancement of fear during auditory fear conditioning under a partial-reinforcement schedule. These results reveal that information about the timing and occurrence of aversive events is rapidly acquired and that unexpectedly timed or omitted aversive events generate hippocampal signals to enhance fear learning.
Hidden Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Class
Authors: Goudeau Sébastien , Croizet Jean-Claude
Published: February 2017

Three studies conducted among fifth and sixth graders examined how school contexts disrupt the achievement of working-class students by staging unfair comparison with their advantaged middle-class peers. In regular classrooms, differences in performance among students are usually showcased in a way that does not acknowledge the advantage (i.e., higher cultural capital) experienced by middle-class students, whose upbringing affords them more familiarity with the academic culture than their working-class peers have. Results of Study 1 revealed that rendering differences in performance visible in the classroom by having students raise their hands was enough to undermine the achievement of working-class students. In Studies 2 and 3, we manipulated students’ familiarity with an arbitrary standard as a proxy for social class. Our results suggest that classroom settings that make differences in performance visible undermine the achievement of the students who are less familiar with academic culture. In Study 3, we showed that being aware of the advantage in familiarity with a task restores the performance of the students who have less familiarity with the task.
“Catching” Social Bias
Authors: Skinner Allison L. , Meltzoff Andrew N. , Olson Kristina R.
Published: February 2017

Identifying the origins of social bias is critical to devising strategies to overcome prejudice. In two experiments, we tested the hypothesis that young children can catch novel social biases from brief exposure to biased nonverbal signals demonstrated by adults. Our results are consistent with this hypothesis. In Experiment 1, we found that children who were exposed to a brief video depicting nonverbal bias in favor of one individual over another subsequently explicitly preferred, and were more prone to behave prosocially toward, the target of positive nonverbal signals. Moreover, in Experiment 2, preschoolers generalized such bias to other individuals. The spread of bias observed in these experiments lays a critical foundation for understanding the way that social biases may develop and spread early in childhood.
Gesture Facilitates Children’s Creative Thinking
Authors: Kirk Elizabeth , Lewis Carine
Published: February 2017

Gestures help people think and can help problem solvers generate new ideas. We conducted two experiments exploring the self-oriented function of gesture in a novel domain: creative thinking. In Experiment 1, we explored the relationship between children’s spontaneous gesture production and their ability to generate novel uses for everyday items (alternative-uses task). There was a significant correlation between children’s creative fluency and their gesture production, and the majority of children’s gestures depicted an action on the target object. Restricting children from gesturing did not significantly reduce their fluency, however. In Experiment 2, we encouraged children to gesture, and this significantly boosted their generation of creative ideas. These findings demonstrate that gestures serve an important self-oriented function and can assist creative thinking.
Campaigning on the welfare state: The impact of gender and gender diversity
Authors: Ennser-Jedenastik Laurenz
Published: February 2017

Social policy matters have long been considered women’s issues. Extant research has documented a strong link between gender and the policies of the welfare state in the legislative, executive and electoral arenas. Yet what determines the strength of this association has largely been left unexplored. Drawing on tokenism theory, this article proposes gender diversity at the group level as a key explanatory factor. It hypothesizes that the gender gap in social policy diminishes as the female representation in a political party increases. To test this argument, it examines almost 8000 press releases issued by over 600 politicians during four election campaigns in Austria between 2002 and 2013. The analysis demonstrates that women talk more about social policy issues during election campaigns than men, but that this emphasis gap disappears for parties with a more equal gender balance. These results have important implications for our understanding of the politics of gender and social policy.
Nonparametric estimation and inference for polytomous discrimination index
Authors: Li Jialiang , Feng Qunqiang , Fine Jason P , Pencina Michael J , Van Calster Ben
Published: February 2017

Polytomous discrimination index is a novel and important diagnostic accuracy measure for multi-category classification. After reconstructing its probabilistic definition, we propose a nonparametric approach to the estimation of polytomous discrimination index based on an empirical sample of biomarker values. In this paper, we provide the finite-sample and asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators and such analytic results may facilitate the statistical inference. Simulation studies are performed to examine the performance of the nonparametric estimators. Two real data examples are analysed to illustrate our methodology.
Assessing Organisational Performance Within Entrepreneurial Orientation Research: Where Have We Been and Where Can We Go from Here?
Authors: Gupta Vishal K. , Wales William J.
Published: February 2017

Firm performance is a crucial aspect of research within the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) literature. Yet, only limited attention has been devoted to examining the range of performance targets and considerations in the EO literature. As a result, tendencies and biases in how firm performance is captured in EO studies are not well understood. The present study analyses the treatment of firm performance in a 25-year sample of EO research. Our state-of-the-science analysis reveals a tendency to develop novel combinative measures of performance within the EO literature. Additionally, a limited understanding of operational performance effects is evidenced in the sample. Finally, we observe a crucial need to investigate more tightly defined performance consequences stemming from EO. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Health Training Programme for Adolescent Girls
Authors: Visaria Leela , Mishra Rudra N.
Published: February 2017

The paper examines the impact of the initiative taken by a non-government organization—Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA)—in Ahmedabad, a city in western India to impart knowledge about sexual and reproductive health to adolescent girls. Quasi-experimental design was used for data collection from beneficiary and non-beneficiary households in two rural blocks and two cities of Gujarat. Non-beneficiary households from control areas were selected with similar socio-economic characteristics. The study noted that the girls from control areas were not much different with respect to awareness about reproductive and sexual health compared to those who were exposed to training imparted by SEWA. While the girls who participated in health training received information on menstrual hygiene, their household situation was not always conducive to allow them to practice what was taught. Girls were keen to learn about what is safe sex or how to deal if confronted with difficult boy–girl interaction. The need to include discussion on such issues with young girls is evident and timely. Any intervention to improve the conditions of adolescent girls cannot be limited to providing information about hygiene or giving additional nutritional supplement (as is done in the government centres), but it is important to create a space for them to express their concerns. Also, there is a need for interaction with parents to make them sensitive towards health of their young girls and help them pursue their goals.
“We are GREAT Britain”: British newspaper narratives during the London 2012 Olympic Games
Authors: Vincent John , Hill John S , Billings Andrew , Harris John , Massey C Dwayne
Published: February 2017

British newspaper narratives were examined during the 2012 London Olympic Games to discern how the British press promoted specific “narratives of the nation.” For the London-based British press, the home Olympics became the ideal medium not only to sell newspapers and electronic format subscriptions, but also to (re)present their views on Britain and what it stood for. Using a qualitative textual analysis methodology, this study drew on Anderson’s theory of the “imagined community” and Edmunds and Turner’s concepts of benign and malign nationalism to provide insights about how Britishness was framed. For a country struggling to shake off the economic recession, early narratives about the Games were imbued with concerns about the escalating costs of hosting the Games and fears of terrorism. However, the critical early tone of British newspaper narratives was supplanted with uplifting, inspirational stories about the unprecedented success of Team GB athletes. This provided British journalists with an opportunity to reengineer Britishness to reinforce some traditional values and inject some new inclusive ones. Although at times, complex, contested and contradictory, the narratives generally linked the internationalism of the Olympics with a progressive, benign version of Britishness that emphasized inclusion, tolerance, and creativity and, at least temporarily, redefined how Britain regarded itself and was viewed.
My Career Story
Authors: Hartung Paul J. , Santilli Sara
Published: February 2017

My career story (MCS) comprises a self-guided autobiographical workbook designed to simulate career construction counseling. The MCS contains a series of questions from the Career Construction Interview to elicit a life-career story and reveal a life theme that are then related to a current career problem indicated by the workbook user. Reflecting on the answers to the questions aims to promote key life-design goals of adaptability, narratability, intentionality, and action. After describing its development and use, a case illustration and initial preliminary validity study of the MCS is presented. Latent semantic analysis, a method for determining meaning similarity of words and passages within bodies of text, indicated a mean agreement level of .81 between MCS life portraits constructed by participants ( N =10) and those constructed for the participants by experts in career construction counseling. The MCS shows some initial promise for self-guided career intervention to increase self-reflection and ability to tell and enact one’s career story. Future research is needed to support the validity of the MCS workbook.
The Role of the Nurse Specialist in the Care of Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Seaman Susie
Published: February 2017

Successful management of patients with diabetic foot ulcers requires a multidisciplinary approach in which team members use their unique skills to achieve wound healing and prevent wound recurrence. This article describes the role of the nurse specialist and defines the roles of the baccalaureate-prepared wound care nurse specialist and the master's -prepared wound care nurse specialist. A case presentation highlights the role of the nurse practitioner in the outpatient wound clinic setting.
The Economic Burden of Diabetic Foot and Ankle Disorders
Authors: Saar William E. , Lee Thomas H. , Berlet Gregory C.
Published: February 2017

Physicians specializing in the care of patients with lower extremity disorders are acutely aware of the many adverse effects of diabetes mellitus and its secondary complications on all body systems. However, the disease has a devastating socioeconomic impact, as well. An estimated $98 billion in direct and indirect medical costs was spent on diabetes in 1997 in the United States. With a growing older population, cases of diabetes mellitus will certainly increase. The economic impact and clinical effectiveness of patient evaluation, preventive strategies, and treatment options are discussed.
Disease Knowledge in Patients Attending a Diabetic Foot Clinic
Authors: Batista Fabio , Pinzur Michael S.
Published: February 2017

Background: Foot-specific patient education is an essential element of a health system diabetic foot program. Foot-specific patient education must be individualized, because of cognitive deficits in individuals with long-standing diabetes. Methods: Two hundred and two consecutive patients attending diabetic foot specialty clinics were asked to provide demographics and complete a 10-question multiple-choice questionnaire. All attended the clinics because of their high-risk status for the development of diabetic foot infection or ulcers. All received ongoing foot-specific patient education. Results: In spite of this ongoing patient education program, only approximately 80% were able to respond appropriately to simple questions related to the care of their “at-risk” feet. Conclusion: This simple quality initiative reinforces the notion that patients with diabetes who are at risk for the development of diabetic foot ulcers should receive ongoing foot-specific patient education. This information needs to be constantly reinforced, as retention drops with time.
Diabetic Foot Care: Multilingual Translation of a Patient Education Leaflet
Authors: Trepman Elly , Bracilovic Ana , Lamborn Karyn K. , Shields Naomi N. , Pinzur Michael S. , Lutter Lowell D.
Published: February 2017

The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society “Diabetic Foot Care” patient education leaflet was revised to improve the layout and emphasis of key concepts of preventive care. This included review of daily foot and shoe examination, danger signs, daily washing and foot care, shoe fitting, medical care, and avoidance of dangerous acts. The leaflet was expanded to occupy two sides of a page, retaining the capability of production in tear-off sheet format to facilitate distribution to patients in the clinical office. Furthermore, the leaflet was translated into 19 other languages for diabetic patients in the United States and around the world with limited English language comprehension.
The Threshold Distance Associated With Walking From Home to School
Authors: Rodríguez-López Carlos , Salas-Fariña Zeus M. , Villa-González Emilio , Borges-Cosic Milkana , Herrador-Colmenero Manuel , Medina-Casaubón Jesús , Ortega Francisco B. , Chillón Palma
Published: February 2017

Active commuting to school has health implications among young people. We aimed to (a) examine the patterns of commuting to school in children and adolescents regarding gender and area of residence, (b) study the association between distance from home to school and mode of commuting, and (c) identify the threshold distance below which young people are more likely to walk to school. A total of 6,004 students aged 7 to 18 years from Spain participated in this study. Mode of commuting was self-reported and distance was objectively measured using Google Maps software. Associations were examined using binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves analysis. Around 67% of children and 60% of adolescents commuted to school actively (mainly walking). The threshold distance for walking to school was 875 m, 0.54 miles, in children, and it was higher among urban (1,250 m, 0.78 miles) than in rural participants (675 m, 0.42 miles). The threshold distance for walking to school was 1,350 m, 0.84 miles, in adolescents, and it was lower among urban (1,350 m, 0.84 miles) than in rural participants (1,550 m, 0.96 miles). Future interventions on active commuting to school should consider this threshold distance, and chances of promoting an active commuting to school could have as a goal the increase of this threshold distance.
The comprehensive effect of surface texture and roughness under hydrodynamic and mixed lubrication conditions
Authors: Ma Chenbo , Duan Yanjun , Yu Bo , Sun Jianjun , Tu Qiaoan
Published: February 2017

A theoretical study is carried out to investigate the comprehensive effect of the machined roughness and fabricated textures, by solving the average Reynolds equation coupled with a mass-conservative cavitation algorithm and taking into account asperity contact. We analyzed the influence of surface roughness, which is represented by the combined root-mean-square roughness σ and surface pattern parameter γ on the optimum texture parameters including the dimple depth-over-diameter ratio and area density under hydrodynamic and mixed lubrication conditions. The results show that the effect of surface roughness on load-carrying capacity can be ignored under hydrodynamic lubrication condition. Furthermore, the optimum texture parameters under hydrodynamic lubrication condition and the optimum dimple depth-over-diameter ratio under mixed lubrication condition are determined at minimized friction coefficient, which can be taken as the same for smooth-textured surface and rough-textured surface. The corresponding minimum friction coefficient increases with increasing σ and γ, and decreasing dimple area density under mixed lubrication condition.
Spatial analysis of the nexus between tourism–human capital–economic growth
Authors: Kostakis Ioannis , Theodoropoulou Eleni
Published: February 2017

This article demonstrates empirical evidence on the spatial data analysis of the nexus between tourism and economic growth. South Europe’s regions during the time period 2000–2014 have been the case study of this work. The Generalized method of moments (GMM) approach used in this study enables testing the existence of determinants of regional economic status, while accounting for factors such as spatial interdependence. The empirical results reveal the existence of the significant conditional convergence hypothesis that is associated with the endogenous growth theory. Also, findings show that tourism and human capital supply seem to positively influence regional income.
Effects of interior wood finishes on the lighting ambiance and materiality of architectural spaces
Authors: Jafarian Hoda , Demers Claude M.H. , Blanchet Pierre , Laundry Veronic
Published: February 2017

Wood is a material often used by architects to enhance the overall ambience of a space, but few researches have been reported to discuss its actual impact on visual impression and luminous effects. This research studies the influence of wood materiality in relation to creating specific lighting ambiances in architecture. In particular, it focuses on the impact of decorative wood indoor panels on the creation of daylighting diversity in interior space and the potential to improve daylighting quality and energy efficiency. The research uses scaled models for their accuracy in rendering complex daylighting ambiances. The photo-luminance meter enables the comparison between different settings of interior spaces created by a selection of wood type materiality: ratio (percentage), colour (Oak, Cape Cod Grey and Dark Walnut coatings) and gloss concerning illuminance patterns obtained from Ecotect software. The CIE L*a*b* colour space is used to classify luminous ambiances. Results indicate that bright colour Oak favours a deeper daylighting penetration and increases the colour temperature of the space by about 300% when applied on the floor. Cape Cod Grey coating provided a neutral colour balance even under sunlighting. High gloss Dark Walnut located on the ceiling produces the highest luminance values, enlarging the window-lighting pattern. The research underlines the role of wood materiality in achieving luminous diversity and creating visually comfortable interior ambiances.
Supporting argumentation in online political debate: Evidence from an experiment of collective deliberation
Authors: Iandoli Luca , Quinto Ivana , Spada Paolo , Klein Mark , Calabretta Raffaele
Published: February 2017

In this article, we report the results of an e-democracy experiment in which a group of supporters of a large political party were asked to debate online about ways to reform the electoral law. We compare a traditional forum with an online collaborative argumentation platform to capture the various proposals and their associated pros and cons. The aim of this study is to assess the capability of this tool to support online collective deliberation in a real-world case, as compared to an online discussion supported by a forum. By comparing users’ experience across several metrics related to usability, activity levels, and quality of collaboration, our findings show that the forum produced more activity and ideas and its users perceived a better quality of the collaboration process, while the argumentation tool helped to reduce the amount of self-referential arguments and encourage viewing and rating of others’ posts.
Charismatic authority and the YouTuber
Authors: Cocker Hayley L. , Cronin James
Published: February 2017

In this article, we draw upon Weber’s concept of charismatic authority to unpack the appeal that YouTube video bloggers have galvanized among their fan communities. We explore how followers interact to articulate the appeal of British YouTube personalities and consequently, how they contribute to the nature of these ‘new cults of personality’. By observing the content of seven of Britain’s most popular ‘YouTubers’ and engaging in a sustained non-participant netnography of responses to these videos, we argue new cults of personality differ from their traditional counterparts through collaborative, co-constructive and communal interdependence between culted figure and follower. While Weber maintained charismatic authority has its source in the innate and exceptional qualities of an individual’s personality, we submit that in consumer culture’s current era of consent, the ‘culting’ of social actors becomes a participatory venture. We shed light on the fading and routinization of charisma and the dissipation of the relationship between the culted figure and followers.
On the estimation of functional random effects
Authors: Durban Maria , Aguilera-Morillo M. Carmen
Published: February 2017

Functional regression modelling has become one of the most vibrant areas of research in the last years. This discussion provides some alternative approaches to one of the key issues of functional data analysis: the basis representation of curves, and in particular, of functional random effects. First, we propose the estimation of functional principal components by penalizing the norm, and as an alternative, we provide an efficient and unified approach based on B-spline basis and quadratic penalties.
Featured Article: Chemotherapeutic delivery using pH-responsive, affinity-based release
Authors: Cyphert Erika L , Fu Andrew S , von Recum Horst A
Published: February 2017

Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic drug typically administered systemically which frequently leads to cardiac and hepatic toxicities. Local delivery to a tumor has a chance to mitigate some of these toxicities and can further be mitigated by including a means of tumor-specific drug release. Our laboratory has explored the use of molecular interactions to control the rate of drug release beyond that capable of diffusion alone. To this system, we added an additional affinity group (adamantane) to doxorubicin through a pH-sensitive hydrazone bond. The result was a modified doxorubicin which had an even higher affinity to our drug delivery polymer, and virtually no release in normal conditions, but showed accelerated release of drug in tumor-like low pH. Further, we show that adamantane-modified doxorubicin (adamantane-doxorubicin) and cleaved adamantane-doxorubicin showed equivalent capacity to kill human U-87 glioblastoma cells in vitro as unmodified doxorubicin. Taken together, these data demonstrate our ability to load high levels of modified chemotherapeutic drugs into our affinity-based delivery platform and deliver these drugs almost exclusively in the acidic microenvironments, such as those surrounding the tumor tissue via pH-cleavable bond while minimizing drug delivery in neutral pH tissue, with the ultimate goal of reducing systemic through better local delivery.

Impact statement

Doxorubicin (DOX) is especially cytotoxic to the heart, liver, kidneys, and healthy tissues surrounding the tumor microenvironment. This systemic toxicity can be partially addressed by local, tumor-specific drug delivery systems. While pH-sensitive DOX delivery systems have been developed by several other groups, many lack a prolonged and consistent release profile required to successfully treat heterogeneous tumors. Our system of a chemically modified form of DOX combined with an affinity-based cyclodextrin delivery system is capable of delivering DOX for 87 days while maintaining its the drug cytotoxicity. This finding is particularly relevant to improving cancer treatments because it enables regulated local delivery of DOX specifically to tumor tissue and allows the drug to be continuously delivered over a therapeutically relevant amount of time.