bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency and timing of all‐cause deaths in visits involving suspected transfusion reactions, and the significance of cardiopulmonary disturbances
Authors: McVey Mark J. , Cohen Robert , Arsenault Valerie , Escorcia Alioska , Tasmin Farzana , Pendergrast Jacob , Lieberman Lani , Lin Yulia , Callum Jeannie , Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine
Published: February 2021

Background/objectives

Transfusion reactions (TRs) may cause or contribute to death. Cardiopulmonary TRs are distressing, and collectively account for most transfusion fatalities, though the degree to which they alter survival more broadly is unclear. Deaths (and their timing) after TRs may provide further insights.

Materials/Methods

Adult (tri‐hospital network) haemovigilance data (2013–2016) recorded referrals with conclusions ranging from unrelated to transfusion (UTR) to entities such as: septic TRs, serologic/haemolytic reactions, transfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO), transfusion‐associated dyspnoea (TAD), transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI), allergic transfusion reaction (ATR), and others. For (in‐ or out‐patient) visits involving suspected TRs (VISTRs), all‐cause mortalities (% [95% confidence interval]) and associated time‐to‐death (TTD) (median days, [interquartile range]) were compared. Diagnoses were defined inclusively (possible‐to‐definite) or strictly (probable‐to‐definite).

Results

Of 1144 events, rank order VISTR mortality following (possible‐to‐definite) TRs, and associated TTDs, were led by: DHTR 33% [6–19], 1 death at 123d; TRALI 32% [15–54], 6 deaths: 3d [2–20]; BaCon 21% [14–31], 17 deaths: 10d [3–28]; TACO 18% [12–26], 23 deaths: 16d [6–28]; TAD 17% [11–26]: 18 deaths, 6d [3–12]. Higher‐certainty TRs ranked similarly (DHTR 50% [9–91]; BaCon 29% [12–55], 4 deaths: 12d [3–22]; and TACO 25% [16–38], 15 deaths: 21d [6–28]). VISTR mortality after TACO or TRALI significantly exceeded ATR (3·3% [2·4–5·8], P < 0·00001) but was not different from UTR events (P = 0·3).

Conclusions

Only half of cardiopulmonary TRs constituted high certainty diagnoses. Nevertheless, cardiopulmonary TRs and suspected BaCon marked higher VISTR mortality with shorter TTDs. Short (<1 week) TTDs in TAD, BaCon or TRALI imply either contributing roles in death, treatment refractoriness and/or applicable TR susceptibilities in the dying.
Preoperative autologous blood donation and transfusion in dogs undergoing elective surgical oncology procedures with high risk of hemorrhage
Authors: Sharma Surabhi , Boston Sarah E. , Kotlowski Jerzy , Boylan Matthew
Published: February 2021

Objective

To describe preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) and transfusion in dogs undergoing elective surgical oncology procedures with a high risk of intraoperative hemorrhage.

Study design

Prospective study.

Animals

Twelve dogs.

Methods

Dogs undergoing surgical oncology procedures associated with a high risk of hemorrhage were enrolled. Blood was collected a minimum of 6 days before surgery and separated into fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and packed red blood cells (pRBC). Dogs received FFP at the start of surgery and pRBC intraoperatively when hemorrhage ensued. The mean packed cell volume/total solids (PCV/TS) were calculated on the day of PABD preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and 24 hours after transfusion. The dogs were monitored for transfusion‐related adverse reactions, including hyperthermia, hypotension, tachycardia, bradycardia, pale mucous membranes, prolonged capillary refill time, or tachypnea/dyspnea.

Results

Dogs enrolled in the study underwent mandibulectomy, maxillectomy, chest wall resection, and liver lobectomy. Ten of the 12 dogs that underwent PABD received autologous transfusion at first signs of hemorrhage intraoperatively. Iatrogenic anemia was noted in two dogs (PCV 30% and 31%). The mean PCV/TS levels on the day of blood collection, preoperatively, immediately postoperatively (after transfusion), and 24 hours posttransfusion were 45.1%/7.1 g/dL, 42.2%/6.73 g/dL, 33.2%/5.42 g/dL, and 36.5%/5.65 g/dL, respectively. No dog developed transfusion‐related complications.

Conclusion

Preoperative autologous blood donation was well tolerated and led to uneventful autologous transfusion in 10 of 12 dogs.

Clinical significance

Preoperative autologous blood donation and autologous transfusion are feasible for dogs undergoing elective surgical procedures with a high risk of hemorrhage.
Effect of Foundation Pit With Different Support and Excavation Methods on Adjacent Buried Hydrogen Pipe
Authors: Zhang Jie , Xie Rui
Published: February 2021

Support and excavation methods have a great effect on the supporting role of the foundation pit. To investigate the effect of foundation pit with different support and excavation methods on adjacent buried hydrogen pipe, a pipe–soil coupling model was established. Deformation, strain, and stress of the pipe near the foundation pit with different support and excavation methods were analyzed. The results show that stress concentration appears on the upper and lower surfaces of the middle part of the pipe after the foundation pit excavation. The high stress areas on the upper and lower surfaces are distributed symmetrically about the pipe center. Upper surface of the pipe's middle section is pressed and the lower surface is pulled, but the strain distribution of the pipe at the pit edge is opposite. Vertical displacement of the pipe is bigger than its horizontal displacement. The underground continuous wall as the most common support structure can effectively reduce the pipe deformation. Supporting methods have different effects on buried pipe's mechanical behavior. Lateral reinforcement, inner support, and bolt support can effectively reduce the pipe deformation, but the mitigating effect of lateral reinforcement is less than inner support and bolt support. The pipe is also affected by time and space of the foundation pit excavation. The slope excavation can greatly reduce the pipe deformation, but the effects of island excavation and basin excavation are not obvious. Those results can provide references for pipe safety assessment and protection.
Adaptive array invariant in range-dependent environments with variable bathymetry
Authors: Byun Gihoon , Song H. C. , Cho Chomgun
Published: February 2021

The adaptive array invariant developed for source-range estimation in shallow water can incorporate the propagation-angle dependence of the waveguide invariant for an ideal waveguide (β=cos2θ) [Byun and Song, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 148, 925–933 (2020)]. This paper extends the approach to weakly (adiabatic) range-dependent environments with variable bathymetry, wherein the waveguide invariant is a complex function of the bathymetry between source and receiver as well as the propagation angle in powers of sin2θ. For a given bathymetry, the adaptive array invariant can be implemented in an iterative fashion, and its remarkable performance is demonstrated using a short-aperture vertical array (2.8 m) for a broadband source (0.5–3.5 kHz) towed on a continental slope where the water depth varies from 87.5 to 55 m over a 5-km range.
Perillyl Alcohol Reduces Parasite Sequestration and Cerebrovascular Dysfunction during Experimental Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Marin Adriana A. , Murillo Oscar , Sussmann Rodrigo A. , Ortolan Luana S. , Battagello Daniella S. , de Castro Quirino Thatyane , Bittencourt Jackson C. , Epiphanio Sabrina , Katzin Alejandro M. , Carvalho Leonardo J. M.
Published: February 2021

Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe immune vasculopathy which presents a high mortality rate (15 to 20%), despite the availability of artemisinin-based therapy. More effective immunomodulatory and/or antiparasitic therapies are urgently needed.
Establishment and productivity of cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or alfalfa–hybrid bromegrass mixtures
Authors: Foster Allan W. , Biligetu Bill
Published: February 2021

Cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) (CMV) is a non-bloating, perennial legume that has shown persistence under grazing. Limited information is available on its seedling establishment and subsequent forage yield and nutritive value in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixtures. Field plots were seeded in May 2013 at Melfort, SK, Canada, to evaluate ‘Oxley II’ cicer milkvetch performance in ‘AC Grazeland’ alfalfa or alfalfa and ‘AC Success’ hybrid bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehmann× Bromus inermis Leyss.) mixtures from 2014 to 2017. Two controlled environment tests were also conducted by treating seeds of CMV using alfalfa root aqueous extract. Seed germination and seedling height of CMV were significantly reduced in aqueous extract. In the field, establishment of CMV in a mixture containing alfalfa was reduced, and CMV dry matter proportion in the mixture increased only 3.5% over three years. Increasing CMV seeding rate did not increase its dry matter (DM) percent in the mixtures, indicating a high allelopathic effect of alfalfa. Forage DM yield of all mixtures was linearly correlated to the proportion of alfalfa, and adding hybrid brome did not increase the DM yield. Forage DM yield was higher for the three-cut than the two-cut treatments for CMV–alfalfa mixtures, but there was no difference between the cutting frequency for CMV–alfalfa–hybrid brome mixtures. Fiber concentrations decreased linearly with increased CMV seeding rate in the mixtures. This study showed that CMV establishment in alfalfa mixtures was reduced in a same-row seeding, and the allelopathic effect was not reduced by lower alfalfa seeding rates or adding a grass.
An extended car-following model incorporating the effects of driver’s memory and mean expected velocity field in ITS environment
Authors: Kuang Hua , Lu Fang-Hua , Yang Feng-Lan , Peng Guang-Han , Li Xing-Li
Published: February 2021

In this paper, an extended car-following model is proposed to simulate traffic flow with consideration of incorporating the effects of driver’s memory and mean expected velocity field in ITS (i.e. intelligent transportation system) environment. The neutral stability condition of the new model is derived by applying the linear stability theory. Compared with the optimal velocity model and the full velocity difference model, the stability region of the new model can be significantly enlarged on the phase diagram, and the anticipating motion information of more vehicles ahead can further enhance traffic stability. Furthermore, the mean expected velocity field effect plays a more important role than that of driver’s memory effect in improving the stability of traffic flow. Nonlinear analysis is also conducted by using the reductive perturbation method, and the mKdV equation near the critical point is obtained to describe the evolution properties of traffic density waves. Numerical simulation results show that the coupling effect of driver’s memory and the mean expected velocity field can suppress the traffic jam effectively, which is in good agreement with the analytical result.
Experimental and SPH studies of reciprocal wet-bed dam-break flow over obstacles
Authors: Ansari Armin , Khavasi Ehsan , Ghazanfarian Jafar
Published: February 2021

Different permutations of the single and the two-fold dam-break flow have been investigated using the mesh-free smoothed-particle hydrodynamics and the experimental setup. The free-surface deformation in the case with the wet bed for five different downstream water heights has been investigated and respective numerical and experimental results were presented. The results demonstrate that the increase of the water height over the wet bed leads to the reduction of the flow front velocity. Effect of considering or omitting the dam gate during the numerical simulation has also been examined, which proves that the simulations including the dam gate show improved agreement with the experimental results. Influence of the three-dimensional cubic, triangular, circular and square cylindrical obstacles and their position on flow characteristics has been investigated. As the distance between the triangular obstacle and the gate increases, a bore is created at the position closer to the top of the triangle. In addition, it is found that larger force is exerted on the circular cylinder in comparison to the square cylinder.
Quadratic Differential Systems with a Finite Saddle-Node and an Infinite Saddle-Node (1,1)SN - (A)
Authors: Artés Joan C. , Mota Marcos C. , Rezende Alex C.
Published: February 2021

Our goal is to make a global study of the class [Formula: see text] of all real quadratic polynomial differential systems which have a finite semi-elemental saddle-node and an infinite saddle-node formed by the coalescence of a finite and infinite singularities. This class can be divided into two different families, being (A) possessing the finite saddle-node as the only finite singularity and (B) possessing the finite saddle-node and also a finite simple elemental singularity. In this paper we provide the complete study of the geometry of family (A). The family (A) modulo the action of the affine group and time homotheties are four-dimensional and we give the bifurcation diagram of its closure with respect to a specific normal form, in the four-dimensional real projective space [Formula: see text]. As far as we know, this is the first time that a complete family is studied in the four-dimensional real projective space. The respective bifurcation diagram yields 36 topologically distinct phase portraits for systems in the closure [Formula: see text] within the representatives of [Formula: see text] given by a specific normal form.
On Periodic Solutions of a Time-Delayed, Discontinuous System with a Hyperbola Switching Control Law
Authors: Li Liping , Luo Albert C. J.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the existence of periodic motions of a discontinuous delayed system with a hyperbolic switching boundary is investigated. From the delay-related [Formula: see text]-function, the crossing, sliding and grazing conditions of a flow to the switching boundary are first developed. For this time-delayed discontinuous dynamical system, there are 17 classes of generic mappings in phase plane and 66 types of local mappings in a delay duration. The generic mappings are determined by subsystems in three domains and two switching boundaries. Periodic motions in such a delay discontinuous system are constructed and predicted analytically from specific mapping structures. Three examples are given for the illustration of periodic motions with or without sliding motion on the switching boundary. This paper shows how to develop switchability conditions of motions at the switching boundary in the time-delayed discontinuous systems and how to construct the specific periodic solutions for the time-delayed discontinuous systems. This study can help us understand complex dynamics in time-delayed discontinuous dynamical systems, and one can use such analysis to control the time-delayed discontinuous dynamical systems.
STUDY ON CORROSION OF TI-6AL-4V ALLOY IN 3.5% NACL SOLUTION BY WIRE BEAM ELECTRODE
Authors: PAN CHENG-QUN , ZHONG QING-DONG , YANG JIAN , LI YU-LIN
Published: February 2021

This work aims to study the variation mechanism of corrosion-resistance performance of the oxidization film spontaneously generated on Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) titanium alloy surface by using the open circuit potential (OCP), Alternating Current (AC) impedance, and polarization curve. Combined with the method of wire beam electrode, the corrosion behaviors of the microregion of TC4 titanium alloy immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution during the formation of film were investigated. Results show that the corrosion-resistance performance of TC4 titanium alloy increased with the formation of oxidization film, with the electrochemical testing results showing that the OCP and AC impedance values were increased, while the corrosion current density reduced. When the time of film formed on the surface of the alloy was 24[Formula: see text]h, the impedance value of the TC4 alloy was an order of magnitude greater than that before oxidation, then the impedance value was no longer increased and the corrosion-resistance performance was best. The anode current and localized corrosion characteristics of the TC4 titanium alloy submerged in 3.5% NaCl solution during the earlier formation stage of film were great. With the formation of oxidized film, the peak value of anode current and its region gradually reduced, and both standard deviations of the circuit potential and circuit were narrowed, as well as the reduction in the difference of localized corrosion.
Sharing symmetries in non-linear systems: Generalized Heisenberg–Weyl algebra on the de Sitter space-time out of the sphere S3
Authors: Aldaya Victor , Guerrero Julio , López-Ruiz Francisco F.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we exploit the formal equivalence of the Solution Manifold of two distinct physical systems to create enough symmetries so as to characterize them by Noether Invariants, thus favoring their future quantization. In so doing, we somehow generalize the Arnold Transformation for non-necessarily linear systems. Very particularly, this algorithm applies to the case of the motion on the de Sitter space-time providing a finite-dimensional algebra generalizing the Heisenberg–Weyl algebra globally. In this case, the basic (contact) symmetry is imported from the motion of a (non-relativistic) particle on the sphere [Formula: see text].
Generation of the symmetric group Sn2
Authors: Sánchez Carlos Zequeira , Capó Evaristo José Madarro , Sosa-Gómez Guillermo
Published: February 2021

In various scenarios today, the generation of random permutations has become an indispensable tool. Since random permutation of dimension [Formula: see text] is a random element of the symmetric group [Formula: see text], it is necessary to have algorithms capable of generating any permutation. This work demonstrates that it is possible to generate the symmetric group [Formula: see text] by shifting the components of a particular matrix representation of each permutation.
British Impact on British India: A Review of Article from the Chinese Perspective
Authors: GUANGXU REN , BAICHENG TANG
Published: February 2021

This paper is based on a qualitative study of the influence of the British Colonial government on the construction and development of British India from perspectives of Chinese scholars. It is based on the survey of the papers with the keywords “British India” or “Colonial India” from 2000 to 2020 in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the most authoritative retrieval platform in China. After the analysis and summary of the research on British India by Chinese scholars, this paper suggests a possible research field for Chinese scholars. The study of British India in Chinese academics can go further with the findings of new historical materials. In the future, a breakthrough in this field will be possible with an emphasized study on relevant historical materials and native language.
Forecasting Volatility of Stock Index: Deep Learning Model with Likelihood‐Based Loss Function
Authors: Jia Fang , Yang Boli
Published: February 2021

Volatility is widely used in different financial areas, and forecasting the volatility of financial assets can be valuable. In this paper, we use deep neural network (DNN) and long short‐term memory (LSTM) model to forecast the volatility of stock index. Most related research studies use distance loss function to train the machine learning models, and they gain two disadvantages. The first one is that they introduce errors when using estimated volatility to be the forecasting target, and the second one is that their models cannot be compared to econometric models fairly. To solve these two problems, we further introduce a likelihood‐based loss function to train the deep learning models and test all the models by the likelihood of the test sample. The results show that our deep learning models with likelihood‐based loss function can forecast volatility more precisely than the econometric model and the deep learning models with distance loss function, and the LSTM model is the better one in the two deep learning models with likelihood‐based loss function.
A Case of Myoepithelial Hamartoma: Morphological Variation Supported by OCT4 Expression
Authors: Tanaka Takehiro , Nishida Kenji , Iwamuro Masaya , Kikuchi Satoru , Yoshino Tadashi
Published: February 2021

In this report, we describe a patient with myoepithelial hamartoma, which is regarded as synonymous with adenomyosis and heterotopic pancreas. Endoscopy revealed a submucosal tumor in the antrum of the stomach. Subsequently, distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction was performed. Histological findings of adenomyomatous lesion and heterotopic pancreatic tissue were observed in this lesion. The distribution of OCT4, which is a pluripotency marker, varied in each part.
Spectral Efficiency of the Multiway Massive System over Rician Fading Channels
Authors: He Junyi , Zhang Junnan , Song Cheng , Wu Mengxiang
Published: February 2021

In this study, we consider a multiway massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) relay network over Rician fading channels, where all users intend to share their information with the other users via amplify-and-forward (AF) relays equipped with a great number of antennas. More practical, the imperfect channel state information (CSI) is taken into account. To evaluate the performance of the considered networks, we derived an analytical approximation expression for the spectral efficiency with zero-forcing (ZF) receivers in a closed form. To obtain more insights, the asymptotic analysis as the number of relay antenna approaching infinity is carried out. Finally, the power scaling law is analyzed for two scenarios. The results reveal that (1) massive MIMO is capable of compensating the loss caused by Rician fading, (2) the sum spectral efficiency increases with the increase of the Rician factor, and (3) deploying large-scale antenna is effective to save cost and keep performance.
A Random Access Protocol Approach to Stochastic Jumping Systems with Singular Perturbations
Authors: Kai Saijiang
Published: February 2021

This paper focuses on the stochastic jumping systems with singular perturbation subject to a random access protocol. The key challenge with controller design issue of stochastic jumping systems is how to assess the coordination of communication orders. In this study, a joint Markov process is established, and a novel control law is proposed. In contrast with the existing methods, the developed controller is more general. Finally, a practical example is exhibited to show the effectiveness of the achieved theories.
Magnitude of Multidrug Resistance among Bacterial Isolates from Surgical Site Infections in Two National Referral Hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea
Authors: Garoy Eyob Yohannes , Gebreab Yacob Berhane , Achila Oliver Okoth , Tecklebrhan Nobiel , Tsegai Hermon Michael , Hailu Alex Zecarias , Buthuamlak Abrehet Marikos , Asfaga Tewelde Ghide , Hamida Mohammed Elfatih
Published: February 2021

Background. The World Health Organization has emphasized the importance of understanding the epidemiology of MDR organisms from a local standpoint. Here, we report on a spectrum of bacteria associated with surgical site infections in two referral hospitals in Eritrea and the associated antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Methods. This survey was conducted between February and May 2017. A total of 83 patients receiving treatment for various surgical conditions were included. Swabs from infected surgical sites were collected using Levine technique and processed using standard microbiological procedures. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on Mueller–Hinton Agar by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results. A total of 116 isolates were recovered from 83 patients. In total, 67 (58%) and 49 (42%) of the isolates were Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. The most common isolates included Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Enterobacter spp., and Acinetobacter spp. In contrast, Staphylococcus aureus, CONS, and Streptococcus viridians were the predominant Gram-positive isolates. All the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin. MRSA phenotype was observed in 70% of the isolates. Vancomycin, clindamycin, and erythromycin resistance were observed in 60%, 25%, and 25% of the isolates, respectively. Furthermore, a high proportion (91%) of the Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ampicillin and 100% of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to >5 of the tested antibiotics. The two Acinetobacter isolates were resistant to >7 antimicrobial agents. We also noted that 4 (60%) of the Klebsiella isolates were resistant to >5 antimicrobial agents. Possible pan-drug-resistant (PDR) strains were also isolated. Conclusion. Due to the high frequency of MDR isolates reported in this study, the development and implementation of suitable infection control policies and guidelines is imperative.
Research on PSO‐ARMA‐SVR Short‐Term Electricity Consumption Forecast Based on the Particle Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Wenbo , Ma Hao , Cai Gaoyan , Chen Jianwen , Wang Xiucai , Li Aiyuan
Published: February 2021

Aimed at the problem of order determination of short‐term power consumption in a time series model, a new method was proposed to determine the order p and the moving average q of the ARMA model by particle swarm optimization (PSO).According to the difference between the predicted value and the real value of the ARMA model, the fitness function of the particle swarm optimization algorithm is constructed, while the optimal solution which satisfies the ARMA model is confirmed by adjusting the inertia weight, population size, particle velocity, and iteration number. Finally, SVR regression is performed by using a support vector machine to correct the residual sequence obtained after the prediction of ARMA. The final prediction result is obtained by adding the predicted values and corrected residual. Based on the data of historical electricity load of a residential district in 2016~2017, the proposed method is compared with the traditional models. The result of the use of MATLAB simulation shows that the method is simple and feasible, greatly improves the model prediction accuracy, and implements the new method for short‐term load forecasting of a small sample.
U–Pb Dating and Hf Isotopes Analysis of Detrital Zircons of the Shanxi Formation in the Otuokeqi Area, Northwestern Ordos Basin
Authors: Song Jiaxuan , Gong Hujun , Yao Jingli , Zhao Huitao , Zhao Xiaohui , Zhang Yunxiang , Chen Biao
Published: February 2021

The Paleozoic strata are widely distributed in the northwest of the Ordos Basin, and the provenance attributes of the basin sediments during this period are still controversial. In this paper, the detrital zircon LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb age test was conducted on the drilling core samples of the Shanxi Formation of the Upper Paleozoic in the Otuokeqi area of the Ordos Basin, and the provenance age and the characteristic of the Shanxi formation in the Otuokeqi area in the northwest were discussed. The cathodoluminescence image shows that the detrital zircon has a clear core-edge structure, and most of the cores have clear oscillatory zonings, which suggests that they are magmatic in origin. Zircons have no oscillatory zoning structure that shows the cause of metamorphism. The age of detrital zircon is dominated by Paleoproterozoic and can be divided into four groups, which are 2500~2300 Ma, 2100~1600 Ma, 470~400 Ma, and 360~260 Ma. The first two groups are the specific manifestations of the Precambrian Fuping Movement (2.5 billion years) and the Luliang Movement (1.8 billion years) of the North China Craton. The third and fourth groups of detrital zircons mainly come from Paleozoic magmatic rocks formed by the subduction and collision of the Siberian plate and the North China plate. The

ε
Hf

t

value of zircon ranges from -18.36 to 4.33, and the age of the second-order Hf model

T

DM
2

ranges from 2491 to 1175 Ma. The source rock reflecting the provenance of the sediments comes from the material recycling of the Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic in the crust, combined with the Meso-Neoproterozoic detrital zircons discovered this time, indicating that the provenance area has experienced Greenwellian orogeny.
COVID-19 in Iran: Forecasting Pandemic Using Deep Learning
Authors: Kafieh Rahele , Arian Roya , Saeedizadeh Narges , Amini Zahra , Serej Nasim Dadashi , Minaee Shervin , Yadav Sunil Kumar , Vaezi Atefeh , Rezaei Nima , Haghjooy Javanmard Shaghayegh
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 has led to a pandemic, affecting almost all countries in a few months. In this work, we applied selected deep learning models including multilayer perceptron, random forest, and different versions of long short-term memory (LSTM), using three data sources to train the models, including COVID-19 occurrences, basic information like coded country names, and detailed information like population, and area of different countries. The main goal is to forecast the outbreak in nine countries (Iran, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, Switzerland, Spain, China, and the USA). The performances of the models are measured using four metrics, including mean average percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), normalized RMSE (NRMSE), and

R

2

. The best performance was found for a modified version of LSTM, called M-LSTM (winner model), to forecast the future trajectory of the pandemic in the mentioned countries. For this purpose, we collected the data from January 22 till July 30, 2020, for training, and from 1 August 2020 to 31 August 2020, for the testing phase. Through experimental results, the winner model achieved reasonably accurate predictions (MAPE, RMSE, NRMSE, and

R

2

are 0.509, 458.12, 0.001624, and 0.99997, respectively). Furthermore, we stopped the training of the model on some dates related to main country actions to investigate the effect of country actions on predictions by the model.
Effects of Lemon Beverage Containing Citric Acid with Calcium Supplementation on Bone Metabolism and Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: Double-Blind 11-Month Intervention Study
Authors: Ikeda Hiromi , Iida Tadayuki , Hiramitsu Masanori , Inoue Takashi , Aoi Satomi , Kanazashi Miho , Ishizaki Fumiko , Harada Toshihide
Published: February 2021

A critical factor for preventing osteoporosis after menopause is attenuation of the accelerated turnover rate of bone metabolism. The present randomized controlled study was conducted to clarify the effects of a lemon beverage with calcium (Ca) supplementation that makes use of the chelating action of citric acid. Comprehensive evaluations of bone were performed by assessments of bone mineral density (BMD) and biomarkers related to bone turnover. Seventy-nine postmenopausal women were enrolled and asked to participate in an 11-month continuous intake of the test beverages. The subjects were divided into three groups: those who consumed a lemon beverage containing citric acid with Ca supplementation (LECA group), those who consumed a lemon beverage containing citric acid without Ca supplementation (LE group), and those who consumed no test beverage (control group). Using a double-blind protocol, subjects in the LECA and LE groups consumed one bottle containing 290 mL of the test beverage each day. The ratio of change in BMD after 11 months was significantly higher in the LECA group as compared to the control and LE groups. The LECA group also showed significant decreases in concentrations of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), a bone resorption marker, and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) as compared to the other groups, as well as a significant decrease in concentration of osteocalcin (OC), a bone formation marker, as compared to the LE group. Based on our findings, we speculated that bone resorption and bone formation in postmenopausal women might be suppressed along with an increase in Ca resorption caused by chelation of citric acid in association with continuous ingestion of a Ca-supplemented lemon beverage containing citric acid, resulting in suppression of high bone metabolic turnover. In addition, the results provide information regarding BMD maintenance in the bones of the trunk, including the lumbar spine and proximal femur.
First record of Wroughton’s Small Spiny Mouse Mus phillipsi Wroughton, 1912 (Rodentia: Muridae) from Odisha, India with notes on diversity and distribution of other rodents
Authors: Mohapatra Pratyush P. , Talmale S.S. , Sarkar V. , Dutta S.K.
Published: February 2021

We report the occurrence of Wroughton’s Small Spiny Mouse Mus phillipsi Wroughton, 1912 based on a specimen collected from Gajapati District, Odisha.  With this species, the diversity of order Rodentia in Odisha increases to 17 species under three families and 12 genera.  An updated checklist of the rodents with distribution localities and threats to various species in Odisha is also presented.
Genetic divergence of the Sunda ratsnake (Coelognathus subradiatus) across the Lesser Sunda Islands (Squamata: Colubridae)
Authors: Reilly Sean B. , Stubbs Alexander L. , Karin Benjamin R. , Arifin Umilaela , Arida Evy , Iskandar Djoko T. , McGuire Jimmy A.
Published: February 2021

The Lesser Sunda Archipelago consists of hundreds of oceanic islands located in southern Wallacea. The Sunda ratsnake, Coelognathus subradiatus, is endemic to the Lesser Sundas and is found on most of the major islands. Mitochondrial DNA was sequenced from snakes representing five of the major islands revealing that levels of sequence divergence between islands range from 2-7%. Phylogenetic analyses recover what can be interpreted as a three-lineage polytomy consisting of lineages from 1) Alor, 2) Sumbawa + Flores, and 3) Timor + Wetar. The archipelago was colonized from the Sunda Shelf ∼7 Myr with subsequent population divergence occurring ∼4.5 Myr, likely resulting in insular species formation.
The Coins of Philip the Tetrarch and the Imperial Cult: A View from Paneas on the Fall of Sejanus
Authors: Giambrone Anthony
Published: February 2021

Philip the Tetrarch, son of Herod the Great, was the first Jewish ruler to depict human images on his coins. This innovation of adopting numismatic portraiture must be understood in inseparable conjunction with Philip’s aggressive cultivation of the imperial cult at Paneas. The present article, accordingly, offers the first focused study of how the development of iconography on his issues corresponds to specific political events of cultic concern. In this connection, a new interpretation is suggested for Philip’s unique undated minting, deeply implicated in the imperial drama transpiring around the year 31 CE. The tetrarch’s savvy manipulation of images, when seen against this broad background, reveals his unwavering and intensifying allegiance to the domus Augusta: to the princeps in the form of a clipeus virtutis devotion and to Livia under the aspect of Demeter.
Assessment of decadal variability in sea ice in the Community Earth System Model against a long-term regional observational record: implications for the predictability of an ice-free Arctic
Authors: Desmarais Amélie , Tremblay Bruno
Published: February 2021

Uncertainties in the timing of a seasonal ice cover in the Arctic Ocean depend on model physics and parameterizations, natural variability at decadal timescales and uncertainties in climate scenarios and forcings. We use the Gridded Monthly Sea-Ice Extent and Concentration, 1850 Onward product to assess the simulated decadal variability from the Community Earth System Model – Large Ensemble (CESM-LE) in the Pacific, Eurasian and Atlantic sector of the Arctic where a longer observational record exists. Results show that sea-ice decadal (8-16 years) variability in CESM-LE is in agreement with the observational record in the Pacific sector of the Arctic, underestimated in the Eurasian sector of the Arctic, specifically in the East-Siberian Sea, and slightly overestimated in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic, specifically in the Greenland Sea. Results also show an increase in variability at decadal timescales in the Eurasian and Pacific sectors during the transition to a seasonally ice-free Arctic, in agreement with the observational record although this increase is delayed by 10-20 years. If the current sea-ice retreat in the Arctic continues to be Pacific-centric, results from the CESM-LE suggest that uncertainty in the timing of an ice-free Arctic associated with natural variability is realistic, but that a seasonal ice cover may occur earlier than projected.
Median Sternotomy for Innominate Artery Compression Syndrome and Distal Tracheal Stenosis
Authors: Sainathan Sandeep , Sharma Mahesh
Published: February 2021

We present a case of a premature infant who had an initial diagnosis of an innominate artery compression syndrome. This was approached by a median sternotomy for an aortopexy. However, the patient was found to have a distal tracheal stenosis due to a tracheal cartilage deficiency and was treated by a tracheal resection and primary anastamosis.
Manipulative-Based Instructional Sequences in Mathematics for Students With Disabilities
Authors: Bouck Emily C. , Anderson Rubia D. , Long Holly , Sprick Jessica
Published: February 2021

Manipulative-based instructional sequences—including both concrete and virtual manipulative instructional sequences—are evidence-based or research-based mathematical interventions for students with disabilities. However, as options for manipulative-based instructional sequences increase, educators need support in deciding the best approach. In this manuscript, we provide practical tips for educators to make decisions about selecting and implementing manipulative-based instructional sequences for students with disabilities. We present and discuss the following steps educators should take when preparing to use a manipulative-based instructional sequence: (a) determine resources, (b) know the student, (c) identify the targeted mathematics, (d) evaluate time constraints, and (c) decide upon the ultimate goal of learning.
‘Why don’t they use the toilet built for them?’: Explaining toilet use in Chhattisgarh, Central India
Authors: Jacob Suraj , Natrajan Balmurli , Ajay T. G.
Published: February 2021

Poor sanitation poses problems for health and policy. Sanitation policy has traditionally addressed open defecation (OD) by constructing toilets. However, a puzzle remains: in many parts of the developing world, why do people continue with OD despite toilets being built for them? While extant research is insightful, an empirical, socially driven explanation for ‘sanitation behaviour’ is still elusive. We advance such an explanation based upon fieldwork in central India where the state has built private toilets for villagers. Drawing upon and modifying pragmatic and analytic approaches in sociology and anthropology, we analyse ethnographic examples of individual toilet behaviour to present a social mechanism that explains toilet use (TU) as an emergent social practice resulting from a chain of ‘problem situations’ experienced by villagers. We find that coercive methods deployed by the state as part of toilet and sanitation policy do not produce durable TU habits, and that good quality toilets are necessary but not sufficient for behavioural change. Instead, we show the need for non-coercive methods of ‘nudging’ that rely on the dynamics of social learning that may enable context-sensitive policies around toilets and sanitation.
Book review: Ajantha Subramanian. 2019. The Caste of Merit: Engineering Education in India
Authors: Bhandari Parul
Published: February 2021

Ajantha Subramanian. 2019. The Caste of Merit: Engineering Education in India. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. x + 374 pp. Notes, references, index. $49.95 (eBook).
Studies of the effect of temperature on charge accumulation in PVDF-PMMA double-layered thin films based on depolarization current measurements
Authors: Saxena Pooja , Shukla Prashant
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we have reported the interpretation of air gap (Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Current) of surface charges in PVDF-PMMA (Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)–Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)) double-layered polymer thin films whose decay could not be observed in metalized electrets with short-circuit TSDC. Since short-circuit TSDC is caused by the relaxations of homo- and hetero-charge flow in one direction and thus makes it difficult to identify, separate, and characterize its components, therefore, an air gap was introduced to the short-circuit TSDC technique to carry out air-gap TSDC. This technique enables one to observe the orientation of dipoles, excess charge decay by ohmic conduction, and decay of surface charge. When a dielectric is charged by an application of an external field, two charges with opposite polarity and different nature can be found. Air-gap TSDC’s of double-layer samples revealed the presence of homo charge; charges trapped at the surface are due to dissipation of space charges thus, the depolarization current is observed to have the same polarity as that of the polarization current. Hetero-charge persists at high temperatures due to the bulk polarization formed because of the electric field created by the homo-charge. Hence, the depolarization current observed in the present study was observed to be of opposite polarity as that of polarization current. The above discussed polymeric layered structure was found to be a source of charge trapping which was identified and confirmed by various calculated parameters.
An Unusual Retained Choanal Foreign Body: A Possible Complication of COVID-19 Testing With Nasopharyngeal Swab
Authors: Gaffuri Michele , Capaccio Pasquale , Torretta Sara , Daga Marco , Zuccotti Gian Vincenzo , Pignataro Lorenzo
Published: February 2021

Testing for coronavirus disease 2019 is critical in controlling the pandemic all over the world. Diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection is based on real-time polymerase chain reaction performed on nasopharyngeal swab. If not adequately performed, the viral specimen collection can be painful and lead to complications. We present a complication occurred during a nasopharyngeal swab collection performed in a noncooperative patient where the plastic shaft of the swab fractured during the procedure, resulting in swab tip retention deep into the nasal cavity. The foreign body was found endoscopically, stuck between the nasal septum and the superior turbinate tail at the upper level of the left choana and removed under general anesthesia in a negative pressure operating room with the health care personnel wearing personal protective equipment. Unpleasant complications like the one described can happen when the swab is collected without the necessary knowledge of nasal anatomy or conducted inappropriately, especially in noncooperative patients. Moreover, the design of currently used viral swabs may expose to accidental rupture, with risk of foreign body retention in the nasal cavities. In such cases, diagnosis and treatment are endoscopy-guided procedures performed in an adequate setting to minimize the risk of spreading of the pandemic.
Endoscope-Assisted Multilayered Repair in Oronasal Fistula
Authors: Kim Boo-Young , Seo Bommi Florence
Published: February 2021

Oronasal fistula following cleft palate repair is a considerable complication with a recurrence rate of 33% to 37% and remains a challenging problem for surgeons. Furthermore, many patients have undergone several operations and experienced scar problems and other forms of morbidity. Therefore, we report a multilayered technique for oronasal fistula closure using an endoscopic nasal inferior turbinate composite graft with a palatal advance flap. This will increase the success rate after closure of small-sized oronasal fistula surgery without complications or recurrence (IRB: 2020-1671-0001).
Unpacking the misfit effect: Exploring the influence of gender and social norms on the association between aggression and peer victimization
Authors: Bass Ellyn Charlotte , Saldarriaga Lina Maria , Velasquez Ana Maria , Santo Jonathan B. , Bukowski William M.
Published: February 2021

Social norms are vital for the functioning of adolescent peer groups; they can protect the well-being of groups and individual members, often by deterring harmful behaviors, such as aggression, through enforcement mechanisms like peer victimization; in adolescent peer groups, those who violate aggression norms are often subject to victimization. However, adolescents are nested within several levels of peer group contexts, ranging from small proximal groups, to larger distal groups, and social norms operate within each. This study assessed whether there are differences in the enforcement of aggression norms at different levels. Self-report and peer-nomination data were collected four times over the course of a school year from 1,454 early adolescents ( M age = 10.27; 53.9% boys) from Bogota, Colombia. Multilevel modeling provided support for social regulation of both physical aggression and relational aggression via peer victimization, as a function of gender, grade-level, proximal (friend) or distal (class) injunctive norms of aggression (perceptions of group-level attitudes), and descriptive norms of aggression. Overall, violation of proximal norms appears to be more powerfully enforced by adolescent peer groups. The findings are framed within an ecological systems theory of adolescent peer relationships.
Young Women’s Body Attitudes and Sexual Satisfaction: Examining Dehumanization and Communication as Serial Multiple Mediators
Authors: Holland Kathryn J. , Silver Kristin E. , Cipriano Allison E. , Brock Rebecca L.
Published: February 2021

Women’s bodies are frequent sites of stigmatization. The internalization of negative attitudes toward the body can have negative implications for women’s sexual wellbeing. In the current study, we examined the relationships between young women’s internalization of body stigma—including body shape, genitals, and menstrual periods—and sexual satisfaction. Additionally, we tested two mechanisms that may mediate the relationship between body attitudes and sexual satisfaction: dehumanization (i.e., feelings of a loss of autonomy and subjectivity) and communication with a sexual partner (e.g., expressing needs and desires). We collected and analyzed survey data from 569 undergraduate women. We tested serial mediation models, such that more negative body attitudes would predict greater feelings of dehumanization, and more dehumanization would predict less comfort communicating with a sexual partner, and less comfort communicating would then predict decreased sexual satisfaction. We found support for serial mediation, which suggests that the links between body attitudes and sexual satisfaction may be partially explained by feelings of dehumanization and communication with a sexual partner. Our findings identify opportunities for intervention in practice and policy, and further clarify the ways that sociocultural stigma surrounding women’s bodies extends beyond the body—affecting women’s feelings of power, relationships, and sexual lives. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684321994295