bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hierarchically Structured Reinforcement Learning for Topically Coherent Visual Story Generation
Authors: Huang Qiuyuan , Gan Zhe , Celikyilmaz Asli , Wu Dapeng , Wang Jianfeng , He Xiaodong
Published: August 2019

We propose a hierarchically structured reinforcement learning approach to address the challenges of planning for generating coherent multi-sentence stories for the visual storytelling task. Within our framework, the task of generating a story given a sequence of images is divided across a two-level hierarchical decoder. The high-level decoder constructs a plan by generating a semantic concept (i.e., topic) for each image in sequence. The low-level decoder generates a sentence for each image using a semantic compositional network, which effectively grounds the sentence generation conditioned on the topic. The two decoders are jointly trained end-to-end using reinforcement learning. We evaluate our model on the visual storytelling (VIST) dataset. Empirical results from both automatic and human evaluations demonstrate that the proposed hierarchically structured reinforced training achieves significantly better performance compared to a strong flat deep reinforcement learning baseline.
Discriminative Feature Learning for Unsupervised Video Summarization
Authors: Jung Yunjae , Cho Donghyeon , Kim Dahun , Woo Sanghyun , Kweon In So
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we address the problem of unsupervised video summarization that automatically extracts key-shots from an input video. Specifically, we tackle two critical issues based on our empirical observations: (i) Ineffective feature learning due to flat distributions of output importance scores for each frame, and (ii) training difficulty when dealing with longlength video inputs. To alleviate the first problem, we propose a simple yet effective regularization loss term called variance loss. The proposed variance loss allows a network to predict output scores for each frame with high discrepancy which enables effective feature learning and significantly improves model performance. For the second problem, we design a novel two-stream network named Chunk and Stride Network (CSNet) that utilizes local (chunk) and global (stride) temporal view on the video features. Our CSNet gives better summarization results for long-length videos compared to the existing methods. In addition, we introduce an attention mechanism to handle the dynamic information in videos. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods by conducting extensive ablation studies and show that our final model achieves new state-of-the-art results on two benchmark datasets.
Gradient Harmonized Single-Stage Detector
Authors: Li Buyu , Liu Yu , Wang Xiaogang
Published: August 2019

Despite the great success of two-stage detectors, single-stage detector is still a more elegant and efficient way, yet suffers from the two well-known disharmonies during training, i.e. the huge difference in quantity between positive and negative examples as well as between easy and hard examples. In this work, we first point out that the essential effect of the two disharmonies can be summarized in term of the gradient. Further, we propose a novel gradient harmonizing mechanism (GHM) to be a hedging for the disharmonies. The philosophy behind GHM can be easily embedded into both classification loss function like cross-entropy (CE) and regression loss function like smooth-L1 (SL1) loss. To this end, two novel loss functions called GHM-C and GHM-R are designed to balancing the gradient flow for anchor classification and bounding box refinement, respectively. Ablation study on MS COCO demonstrates that without laborious hyper-parameter tuning, both GHM-C and GHM-R can bring substantial improvement for single-stage detector. Without any whistles and bells, the proposed model achieves 41.6 mAP on COCO testdev set which surpass the state-of-the-art method, Focal Loss (FL) + SL1, by 0.8. The code1 is released to facilitate future research.
Analysing the effect of principal stress rotation on railway track settlement by discrete element method
Authors: Bian Xuecheng , Li Wei , Qian Yu , Tutumluer Erol
Published: August 2019

Principal stress rotation induced by moving loads from trains significantly influences railway track settlement accumulation. The stationary cyclic loading commonly adopted to study railway ballast behaviour under repeated train loading cannot fully represent the effects of principal stress rotation, which needs to be properly considered in both laboratory tests and numerical simulations for a better understanding of ballast deformation behaviour. This paper focuses on studying railway ballast deformation behaviour with an emphasis on particle scale interactions under two different loading scenarios – namely, stationary cyclic and moving wheel loading. A ballasted track model consisting of five sleepers was established based on the discrete-element method (DEM) with realistic polyhedron-shaped elements. The numerical model was validated first based on the testing results from a full-scale high-speed railway testing facility at Zhejiang University. Numerical results clearly indicated that moving wheel loading induced larger principal stress rotation than stationed cyclic loading did. Larger principal stress rotation mobilised higher particle rotation and displacement, which further increased particle rearrangements through individual particle rolling and sliding, and potentially could cause accelerated ballast degradation. It is recommended to consider principal stress rotation in ballast settlement predictions to prevent possible underestimation by stationary cyclic loading and its limitations.
Wie OT Security Engineering eine Ingenieurwissenschaft wird
Authors: Fluchs Sarah , Rudolph Heiko
Published: August 2019

OT-Security-Engineering (Entwicklung der IT-Sicherheit für Automatisierungstechnik) wird nur selten von OT-Ingenieuren selbst übernommen. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt ihnen das Rüstzeug, um das zu ändern. Im ersten Teil werden anhand eines methodenneutralen Denkmodells bestehende Vorgehensmodelle für OT-Security-Engineering verglichen und Lücken aufgezeigt. Der zweite Teil füllt eine dieser Lücken: die systematische Analyse und Modellierung der zu schützenden Systeme. Die Übertragung der Modellierung in ein Datenmodell, potenziell auf Basis von AutomationML, macht sowohl den Security-Engineering-Prozess alsauch die Implementierung von Lösungen effizienter.
Bear Encounters with Seismic Stations in Alaska and Northwestern Canada
Authors: Tape Carl , Heath David C. , Baker Michael G. , Dalton Scott , Aderhold Kasey , West Michael E.
Published: August 2019

A typical seismic experiment involves installing 10–50 seismometers for 2–3 yr to record distant and local earthquakes, along with Earth’s ambient noise wavefield. The choice of the region is governed by scientific questions that may be addressed with newly recorded seismic data. In most experiments, not all stations record data for the full expected duration. Data loss may arise from defective equipment, improperly installed equipment, vandalism or theft, inadequate power sources, environmental disruptions (e.g., snow covering solar panels and causing power outage), and many other reasons. In remote regions of Alaska and northwestern Canada, bears are a particular threat to seismic stations. Here, we document three recent projects (Southern Alaska Lithosphere and Mantle Observation Network, Fault Locations and Alaska Tectonics from Seismicity, and Mackenzie Mountains EarthScope Project) in which bears were regular visitors to remote seismic stations. For these projects, there were documented bear encounters at 56 out of 88 remote stations and 6 out of 85 nonremote stations. Considering bear‐disrupted sites—such as dug‐up cables or outages—there were 29 cases at remote stations and one case at nonremote stations. We also compile bear encounters with permanent stations within the Alaska Seismic Network, as well as stations of the Alaska Transportable Array. For these two networks, the stations are designed with fiberglass huts that house and protect equipment. Data losses at these networks because of bears are minor (<5%), though evidence suggests they are regularly visited by bears, and data disruptions are exclusively at remote stations. The primary goal of this study is to formally document the impacts of bears on seismic stations in Alaska and northwestern Canada. We propose that the threat of damage from bears to a station increases with the remoteness of the site and the density of bears, and it decreases with the strength and security of materials used. We suggest that low‐power electric fences be considered for seismic stations—especially for temporary experiments—to protect the equipment and to protect the bears. With the goal of 100% data returns, future seismic experiments in remote regions of bear country should carefully consider the impacts of bears.
Study on clinical profile and risk factors associated with pneumonia
Authors: Sriram Gangina , Satyanarayana Akula
Published: August 2019

Background: Modernization, industrialization and urbanization are now posed with the problem of increase in ARI morbidity and mortality. The epidemiological information regarding risk factors and management is scanty. A large gap exists in our knowledge about these factors, which needs to be fulfilled by systematic studies. The present study is designed to identify the risk factors of pneumonia in our area.Methods: This was a prospective clinical study of pneumonia conducted on 94 children who were admitted to Paediatric ward in GSL Medical College General Hospital, Rajahmundry in study duration. Epidemiological factors affecting the same were studied and bronchoscopy was done whenever it was needed. A detailed history of the relevant symptoms, such as fever, cough, rapid breathing, refusal of feeds, noisy breathing, bluish discolouration etc., was collected.Results: The most affected children belonged to the age group of 1 year to 3 years (64.9%). Bronchopneumonia (86.2%) was the most common clinical diagnosis made at admission. According to WHO ARI control programme, 28.7% had pneumonia, 54.3% had severe pneumonia and 17% very severe pneumonia. It was found that younger age group, malnutrition, kutcha house, crowding, poor sanitation facilities, cooking with fuel other than LPG (indoor pollution) and low socio economic status and high respiratory rate were significant risk factors for pneumonia in children.Conclusions: ARI, especially pneumonia is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Bronchopneumonia is the predominant form of presentation in infants and preschool children.
Functional outcome of fenestration discectomy in discogenic lumbar canal stenosis
Authors: Singh Nitin Lalbabu , Kembhavi Raghavendra , Vijayakumaran R.
Published: August 2019

Background: Annual incidence of significant disc herniation causing sciatica ranges from 14% to 15%. Inspite of various treatment modalities available, fenestration discectomy still remain treatment of choice for discogenic lumbar canal stenosis. The objective of our study is to assess functional outcome and complications associated with fenestration discectomy in patients of discogenic lumbar canal stenosis.

Methods: Thirty two patients who had unilateral radicular pain with clinicoradiologically confirmed posterolateral disc herniation and who failed to respond to conservative management were treated surgically by fenestration discectomy. Outcome was assessed using Oswestry disability index at 6 months follow up.

Results: Patients with neurological deficits underwent fenestration discectomy with complete relief of radicular pain in 17 patients and mild reduction in 5 patients on follow up. 23 patients had recovery from motor symptoms and 25 patients had recovery from sensory symptoms whereas 9 patients still had motor weakness and 7 patients still had sensory deficit. Oswestry disability index (ODI) score used for functional outcome at 6 months postoperatively showed 63% of the patients were having 0 to 20 ODI score with minimal disability, 34% of the patients had score of 21 to 40% with moderate disability, and 3% were having 41 to 60% ODI score with severe disability. One patient had dural tear and two patients had post-operative discitis.

Conclusions: Fenestration discectomy is an excellent surgical option for discogenic lumbar canal stenosis. Fenestration discectomy is an easy, economical and effective means of treating lumbar disc prolapse with minimal acceptable complications.
Quel futur pour les forêts de production en Amazonie ? Du bilan carbone de l’exploitation forestière à la recherche de compromis entre services écosystémiques (bois d’œuvre, biodiversité et carbone)
Authors: Piponiot Camille
Published: August 2019

La moitié des forêts tropicales du monde est désignée comme des forêts de production par les services forestiers nationaux. Pour la seule Amazonie brésilienne (400 millions d’hectares), l’exploitation sélective affecte chaque année entre un et deux millions d’hectares. Si l’effet de la déforestation sur les émissions de carbone et les pertes de biodiversité en région tropicale ont fait l’objet de nombreuses études, les impacts à long terme de l’exploitation commerciale de bois sur ces forêts restent à ce jour très peu étudiés. Or, les enjeux sont grandissants pour ces forêts de production. Non seulement elles doivent alimenter le commerce du bois tropical, mais leur rôle dans le stockage de carbone et dans la préservation de la biodiversité est de plus en plus reconnu. La thèse s’organise en trois temps. Premièrement, un modèle de bilan carbone de l’exploitation forestière est développé, et les différences régionales de dynamique de récupération du carbone post-exploitation sont modélisées. Deuxièmement, un modèle de récupération du volume de bois d’œuvre a été développé et calibré à l’échelle amazonienne. Ces résultats ont permis de montrer la lenteur de la récupération du volume de bois en Amazonie, et la non-durabilité des pratiques actuelles d’exploitation. Ces modèles (carbone et bois d’œuvre) ont été élaborés dans un cadre bayésien, avec l’appui et les données du Tropical managed Forest Observatory (TmFO : www.tmfo.org), réseau rassemblant neuf institutions de recherche et plus de 200 parcelles de suivi de la dynamique forestière après exploitation en Amazonie depuis plus de 30 années. Enfin, une analyse comparative de scénarios prospectifs a été effectuée, où les compromis possibles entre services écosystémiques (bois d’œuvre, carbone et biodiversité) ont été explorés par des techniques d’optimisation multicritère.
Efektifitas Kompres Hangat dan Kompres Dingin terhadap Tingkat Nyeri Balita Pasca Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI)
Authors: Agustiningrum Reza Dwi , Triharini Mira , Rachmawati Praba Diyan
Published: August 2019

Introduction: The Medical treatment which carried out by using needles, such as immunization, is a source of pain for children. the importance of evidence-based immunization strategies is used to reduce pain. Pain management with compresses that can be done before immunization in the injection area is considered capable of reducing pain in children. Warm compresses can cause physiological effects, the effects of giving warm compresses can reduce the pain. Cold compresses proved to be an effective way to reduce pain during immunization because it increases endorphins and suppresses prostaglandins so that it can increase pain thresholds. The purpose of this study is to explain the effectiveness of using warm compresses and cold compresses to the pain level in toddlers after ORI diphtheria immunization.Methods: Analytical This study was pre-experimental with posttest only design. Data collection was carried out with FLACC scale sheets. The number of respondents as many as 66 toddlers was taken by inclusion and exclusion criteria with purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney analysis.Results: the average pain in compress warm group of 4.48 in the cold compress 2.91. However statistical test Mann-Whitney point a difference meaningful influence in both group on the pain of p = 0.001. Cold compress more effective to reduce the pain with the mean the difference between of 25.41 than warm compress of 41.59Conclusion: Increasing Cold compresses are more effective in reducing the level of pain in toddlers after ORI diphtheria immunization. Cold compresses with the temperature of 15° c that were conducted before the act of injection can be used as the management of pain non pharmacology to lower the level of pain in toddler after ORI diphtheria immunization.
Analisis Faktor yang berhubungan dengan Kualitas Hidup Wanita Penderita Kanker
Authors: Toulasik Naomi , Kusumaningrum Tiyas , Pradanie Retnayu
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells which can cause death. Cancer has a great impact on sufferers both physically, psychologically and socially which will affect their quality of life. There are many factors that affect quality of life.Methods: This study used cross sectional design. The population of this study were all cancer patients aged ≥ 18 years in General hospital of Prof. DR. W. Z. Johannes Kupang. The sample size was 103 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The dependent variable was the quality of life of women with cancer, while the independent variables were age, marital status, lifestyle, body mass index, cancer type and the stage of cancer. Data was collected using questionnaires. Data then analyzed using Ordinal Regression.Results: There were correlations between age (p = 0.015), marital status (p = 0,000), cancer types (p = 0.041) and stage of cancer (p = 0,000) with quality of life. There was no correlation between lifestyle and body mass index with quality of life.Conclusion: Quality of life of women with cancer are influenced by age, marital status, type of cancer and stage of cancer. Further researchers are advised to examine the relation between psychological, physical environmental, and social environmental factors to the quality of life of women with cancer.
Analisis Faktor yang berhubungan dengan Pencegahan Stunting pada Anak Usia 2-5 Tahun berdasarkan Teori Health Promotion Model (HPM)
Authors: Sholecha Ribka Putri , Yunitasari Esti , Armini Ni Ketut Alit , Arief Yuni Sufyanti
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Indonesia still faced nutritional problems in children is like stunting. Stunting is one of conditions of malnutrition in child that need to be solved in Indonesia because it can affect the quality of the next generation. This study aimed to analyze the factors related to prevention of stunting in children based on Theory of the Health Promotion Model (HPM).Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The population was mothers who have children aged 2-5 years with number of samples are 141 people using purposive sampling technique. The independent variables were prior related behavior, education level, socio-economic status, perceived benefits to action and perceived barrier to action. Dependent variable was prevention of stunting. Data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed using logistic regression with a significance level α <0.05.Results: A positive stunting prevention behavior were 66.7% (94 people).  Factors related to stunting prevention behavior were prior related behavior (p=0.03). While for other independent factors are level of education (p=0.74), socioeconomic status (p=0.07), perceived benefits to action (p=0.35) and perceived barrier to action (p=0.31) have no relationship with stunting prevention. The result of analysis on the prior related behavior had 2.81 times better in stunting prevention with a significance level is 0.03.Conclusion: The behavior of stunting prevention is influenced by prior related behavior that is supplementary feeding for pregnant women, overcoming iron and folic acid deficiency, providing worm medicine, providing complete immunization and preventing and treating diarrhea.
Dukungan Suami Bukan Faktor Utama Kualitas Hidup Akseptor KB IUD
Authors: Prastika Bella Putri , Arimi Ni ketut Alit , Pradanie Retnayu
Published: August 2019

Introduction: The use of low IUD can affect the quality of family life. One of the reasons for using KB is because of the expensive number of children, which is a mayor influence for couples of childbearing ages in improving their welfare. The lower the use of contraception, the lower the quality of life of IUD KB acceptor. The purpose of this study was to explain the relationship between husband’s support and the quality of life of family planning acceptors.Methods: The design of this study is correlational with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were acceptors of IUD KB in the Mulyorejo Health Center Surabaya Working Area. The sample of 92 women of childbearing age acceptors of IUD KB was obtained by purposive sampling. Independent partners support variable. The dependent variable is the quality of life status. Data collection using partners support questionnaire and quality of life according to WHOQOL-BREF. Test statistics with Spearman's rho test.Results: There was no significant relationship between lifestyle and quality of life (p = 0.421, r = 0.085).Conclusion: The husband’s most supportive was that they supported the use of family planning. The factor of husband’s support related to quality of life is emotional support, intellectual support, appreciation support, and information support. The majority of respondents can play an independent role in improving their quality of life, starting from making the best decisions for their health in the use of IUD KB. Husband’s support is not always the biggest contributor to improving quality of life, but there are other factors that need to be considered. Further research is needed on other factors related to the quality of life of family planning acceptors.
REKLAMASI LAHAN KRITIS BEKAS PENAMBANGAN EMAS MENGGUNAKAN METODE BIOREMEDIASI DAN FITOREMEDIASI
Authors: Neneng Liswara , Saraswati Dewi
Published: August 2019

Degraded land caused by gold mining activities in Central Kalimantan requires reclamation efforts, in order to restore of soil conditions, due to the damage of topsoil layer, lack of soil nutrients, and reduced of soil fertility. This research aim was to find an appropriate method of biological reclamation in ex gold mining area, by utilizing a combination of several types of microorganisms and mercury phytoremediator plants. The research is an experiment on a pilot scale at an ex gold mining site in Central Kalimantan. Bioremediation method has used a consortium of local isolates Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas sp., and the phytoremediation method was used Melastoma sp. and Cyperus sp. Dependent variables were soil mercury concentration and soil nutrients. The results showed the application of consortium microorganisms and mercury phytoremediator, were able to reduce soil mercury concentrations in averages 2.5 ppm, soil nutrient levels increased in averages 33%. These increased soil nutrients consist of potassium in averaged 73%, Mg in average 21%, Na in average 19.5%, and Fe in averaged 71%, when compared to controls. The application of consortium of microorganisms combined with mercury plant phytoremediator type Melastoma sp., able more to improve soil conditions in ex gold mining area compared to Cyperus sp.
OPTIMALISASI LIMBAH KULIT BUAH RAMBUTAN MENJADI SUBKUTAN SEBAGAI PRODUK PANGAN YANG BERDAYA JUAL
Authors: Melati Melani Putri , Nuraini Siti , Putri Yovita Aprilia , Mardika Bagus , Suyanto Agus , Suproborini Arum
Published: August 2019

Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) is a seasonal fruit and is a native plant from Indonesia. No wonder if it's in the rambutan season, a lot of rambutan skin trash piles up on the road. This is certainly a problem if not addressed immediately. The purpose of this PKM is to save the environment from a pile of organic waste with new breakthroughs that are worth selling in increasing the growth of the creative economy. The new breakthrough is by processing rambutan skin into SUBKUTAN. The method of implementation in this PKM includes the planning, preparation of materials and materials, manufacturing of products, stages of promotion, marketing, and the evaluation phase with an implementation period of 5 months. The results of this PKM are SUBKUTAN candied products. We have marketed SUBKUTAN products both online and offline around Madiun, then we have also worked with various pharmacies, shops, and small shops. This product has various benefits that are good for health, specifically can reduce cholesterol, besides that this product has a fairly affordable price of Rp. 15,000.00. The output of our PKM is SUBKUTAN candied products, the publication of articles in the National Scientific Journal, final report, and progress report.
ANALISIS DEGRADASI DAN DEPRESIASI SUMBERDAYA IKAN BAWIS (Siganus canaliculatus) DI PERAIRAN KOTA BONTANG
Authors: Oktawati Nurul Ovia , Saleha Qoriah , Darmasyah Oon
Published: August 2019

Bawis fish that is an endemic species and living in the seagrass biota has been found many in marine water of Bontang city. The activity of catching on this fishes has been worked by fishermen who were staying in Bontang city. Hence, if, the catching activity on this fishes without control in the entire year, it will be predicted overfishing and decreasing resources. The aim of this research was to determine the degradation rate and depreciation rate of Bawis fishes’ resources in Marine water of Bontang city. The data were collected with interview method and questionnaire to the splint and nets fishermen, and stakeholder, as well as from the capture fisheries division of DKP3 institution in Bontang city for collecting of data of time series. The results showed that Bawis fishes’ resources in Bontang city were in degradation and depreciation indicated since 2013. It has been showed by the standard coefficient value was 0.59 and 0.64 more than 0.5 in 2013, further, in 2016 increased to 0.619 and 0.68 respectively. The values of increasing were each more than 0.5, it means that Bawis fishes’ resources in Bontang city were in degradation and depreciation.
ANALISIS KOMPOS SAMPAH ORGANIK DAN APLIKASINYA TERHADAP ANAKAN GAHARU
Authors: Atkana Yulian , Siburian Rima H. S. , Noya Alce
Published: August 2019

Organic waste of public market is one of the problems that greatly impact public health. The technology of processing public market waste into compost is a very good alternative, yet how long does it take, to process into compost and any nutrient contained requires research on this matter, as well as its application to plants, in this case, agarwood. The method used in this study was the experimental method with the old treatment of compost formation, as well as its application to agarwood plant using a completely randomized design (CRD). The results showed that 28 days of composting contained nutrients in the form of ions which were more easily absorbed by plants compared to nutrient content at duration 7 days. This is supported by the application of compost, where the addition of compost is very influential on the height of agarwood. As such, compost from organic ingredients is very well applied to agarwood plant.
STRATEGI PENGENDALIAN TERHADAP POLUSI AIR SUNGAI DI SUB-DAS RIAM KIWA KABUPATEN BANJAR
Authors: Bahri Syaiful , Kadir Syarifuddin , Suyanto Suyanto , Lilimantik Emmy
Published: August 2019

The Sub-DAS Riam Kiwa is a tributary of the Martapura upstream, which is often used by the community to cover daily needs such as cooking, washing, and latrines. The current quality of water condition of the Sub-DAS Riam Kiwa is estimated to have decreased caused by various human activities on the riverbank. This study aims to determine the strategy of controlling river water pollution. The river as a research area is set at 24.4 km. Water quality was measured and observed at 3 sampling points then analyzed using the Pollution Index method. Analysis of water pollution control strategies was using SWOT Analysis. The results showed that the Sub-DAS Riam Kiwa was classified as moderately polluted with an IP value from upstream to downstream of 7.88; 8.92; and 9.38. To maintain water quality in natural conditions a water pollution control strategy is needed through diversification of existing strategies or programs as a result of 1) strong internal factors including the monitoring of water quality, water quality standards; and 2) the many threats from external factors which include the disposal of domestic waste and livestock without recycling, the community does not have the knowledge of waste and the community often violates government regulations.
Karakterisasi Konstanta Dielektrik dan Kapasitansi pada Lemak Hewani dengan Menggunakan Variasi Suhu dan Frekuensi
Authors: Rimafatin Noer , Cahyono Bowo Eko , Misto Misto
Published: August 2019

Fat is a food substance that is very important to maintain the health of the human body. One source of fat is animal fat. Differences in the type of fat can be known based on the electrical properties of materials such as dielectric constant and capacitance. The purpose of this research is to know the characteristic of dielectric constant and capacitance in animal fat by giving treatment of temperature and frequency variation. This research uses parallel plate capacitor method which is connected to the source of alternating current input voltage and voltmeter as the output voltage meter. The samples studied were chicken fat and beef fat. This research uses input voltage with frequency of 1kHz up to 20kHz, while temperature that is used is varied from 45⁰C decrease to 30⁰C. The results obtained from this study show that the increasing frequency results to the decreasing values of capacitance and dielectric constant in chicken fat and cow fat. The effect of temperature on the capacitance and dielectric constant of chicken fat and cow fat shows non linear relationship
Relationships between Mahler Expansion and Higher Order q-Daehee polynomials
Authors: Duran Ugur , Acikgoz Mehmet
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we derive multifarious relationships among the two types of higher order q-Daehee polynomials and p-adic gamma function via Mahler theorem. Also, we compute some weighted p-adic q-integrals of the derivative of p-adic gamma function related to the Stirling numbers of the both kinds and the q-Bernoulli polynomials of order k.
Ferroelectric Behavior and Spectroscopic Properties of La-Modified Lead Titanate Nanoparticles Prepared by a Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Mostafa Massaud , Alrowaili Ziyad , Rahwan Gehad , Gerges Melad
Published: August 2019

Perovskite type (Pb1-1.5x Lax0.5x)TiO3 (PLT) ceramics with x = 0.21, 0.22, 0.23, 0.24, 0.25 were prepared by the sol-gel method. Their structural, optical, and dielectric properties were investigated. The crystallite compounds were obtained by calcinating the mixture of PbCO3, TiO2, and La2O3 at 1000ºC for different time periods. After 4 h annealing, PLT23 sample, no secondary phases have been observed in the XRD spectrum of the PLT sample with 23% La content (PLT23). This sample appears to be notably distinguished in its structural, optical, and dielectric characteristics compared with other samples.
A Modified Arthroscopic Technique of Gracilis Tendon Graft with Double Fixation System for Treatment of Type V Acromioclavicular Injuries
Authors: Aramberri-Gutiérrez Mikel , Ferrando Albert , Tiso D'Orazio Giovanni , Sines Castro Fernando , Mediavilla Iñaki
Published: August 2019

Case:

A 48-year-old male patient with a type V acromioclavicular injury with a 3-tendon acute cuff tear, anterior glenohumeral dislocation, and an axillary posttraumatic neuropathy is presented. The rotator cuff tear was sutured and an all-arthroscopic–modified coracoclavicular ligaments (CCLs) reconstruction technique was performed with a gracilis tendon graft and a double knotless suture fixation system.

Conclusions:

An arthroscopic approach allows the surgeon to identify and treat associated glenohumeral lesions in type V acromioclavicular dislocations. In addition, the modified CCL reconstruction technique addresses effectively the AC instability.
Further Advances in Coiled-Tubing Drilling
Authors: Eide Egil , Brinkhorst Jan , Völker Heinz , Burge Phil , Ewen R. L.
Published: August 2019

The use of coiled tubing to drill horizontal re-entry wells has received considerable interest in the industry over the last two years. The benefit of being able to drill at balance, safely and in a controlled manner, using nitrogen to reduce down hole pressure while drilling highly depleted reservoirs, provides an advantage over conventional techniques, particularly in reducing impairment to the formation.

The paper describes such a horizontal re-entry drilled in the shallow depleted water flooded reservoir Barenburg in Northern Germany. The scope of work for this project included: –Cutting a window through 6 5/8" and 9 5/8" casing–Drilling a 5 7/8" medium radius curve–Running a 5" liner and a 5 1/2" parasitic string for nitrogen injection–Drilling a 4 3/8" horizontal using nitrogen to maintain a balanced condition–Run open hole logs–Run 3 1/2" slotted liner

The entire program was executed with no intervention from a conventional rig or workover hoist. A special structure to be positioned over the well to support the coiled tubing injector head and to provide a work platform had to be constructed for this type of operation. A dedicated mast for lifting of pipe and down hole tools was placed on the substructure. The development of a surface controlled orienting tool and an adjustable motor provided excellent directional capabilities on a 2 3/8" coiled tubing. This program represents a significant extension of the capabilities of drilling with coiled tubing.
The Effect of Fluid Pressure Decline on Volume Changes of Porous Rocks
Authors: Geertsma J.
Published: August 2019

In order, to obtain a better insight into the pressure-volume-relationship of reservoir rocks, a theory of pore and rock bulk volume variations is presented. The main features of the theory are: it is independent of the shape of the pores and it is essentially based on combining the superposition principle with the reciprocal theorem of Betti and Rayleigh. The main conclusion obtained from this theory is that only three elastic constants and three viscous constants are required for describing pore and rock bulk volume variations if the porosity is explicitly introduced into the treatment.

In addition, reasonable approximations are introduced for the various types of reservoir rock, viz. sandstones, limestones and shales, which lead to simplications of the general formulae. In consequence there is then a further reduction in the number of deformation constants which have to be determined experimentally. It is shown how measurements of these remaining deformation constants can be performed most conveniently.

Finally the application of the theory to reservoir studies is discussed and the translation experimental results obtained in the laboratory into reservoir behaviour is considered.
Effect of arsenic stress on 5-methylcytosine, photosynthetic parameters and nutrient content in Pteris cretica var. Albo-lineata hyperaccumulator
Authors: Zemanová Veronika , Popov Marek , Pavlíková Daniela , Kotrba Pavel , Hnilička František , Česká Jana , Pavlík Milan
Published: August 2019

Background

Arsenic (As) toxicity induces a range of metabolic responses in plants, including DNA methylation. The focus of this paper was on the relationship between As-induced long-term stress and plant senescence in the hyperaccumulator Pteris cretica var. Albo-lineata ( Pc -Al).Results

We showed that Pc -Al grown in pots of haplic chernozem contaminated with 100 mg As kg -1 (As 100 ) for 122 days could accumulate more than 2000 and 2800 mg As kg -1 dry matter in old and young fronds, respectively. Analysis of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in Pc -Al confirmed that the overall DNA methylation status in fronds of As 100 ferns was reduced in contrast to control treatment. Compared with controls, the overall DNA methylation status in fronds of As 100 ferns was reduced (by 6% in young and 10% in old fronds); however, the decrease was significant only in old fronds. The significant correlations for 5mC, in contrast to direct As toxicity, showed that decreases of chlorophylls, fluorescence and photosynthetic rate could be affected by epigenetic changes. Photosynthetic processes were determined in As 100 treatment and showed a reduction of gas-exchange parameters, and a decrease in carotenoids and chlorophylls (by 5% and 26%, respectively). Hyperaccumulation of As resulted in a significant elevation of all analysed nutrients (Cu, Mn, Zn, Mg, S) in old fronds, but not in young fronds.Conclusions

The results of this paper point to complex changes in the metabolism of the hyperaccumulator plant Pc -Al, upon exposure to As contamination. The most significant impact was found in young fronds. The physiological parameters correlated more significantly with a decrease of DNA methylation than with direct As toxicity. Our analysis of the very low water potential values and lignification of cell walls in roots showed that transports of assimilated metabolites and water between roots and fronds were reduced.
Genome wide comparative analysis of the BAHD superfamily in seven Rosaceae species and expression analysis in pear (Pyrus☓ bretschneideri)
Authors: Liu Chunxin , Qiao Xin , Li Qionghou , Zeng Weiwei , Wei Shuwei , Wang Xin , Chen Yangyang , Wu Xiao , Wu Jun , Yin Hao , Zhang Shaoling
Published: August 2019

Background: The BAHD acyltransferase superfamily exhibits various biological roles in plants, including regulation the fruit quality; catalytic synthesis of terpene, phenolic and esters; improvement of stress resistance. However, the copy number, evolutionary history and potential functions of the BAHD superfamily genes in the genome sequenced Rosaceae species remains unclear. Results: Totally, 755 BAHD genes were obtained from the genomes of seven Rosaceae fruit species (Pyrus bretschneideri, Malus domestica, Prunus avium, Prunus persica, Fragaria vesca, Pyrus communis and Rubus occidentalis). Based on the classification results from model plants, we divided the BAHD family genes into seven subgroups (I-a, I-b, II-a, II-b, III-a, IV, V). Based on intra-species synteny analysis, 61 syntenic gene pairs were detected from the six Rosaceae species. Dispersed gene duplication occurred frequently in all investigated species. Different modes of duplicated gene pairs identified in each investigated species show that the Ka/Ks is less than one, indicating they evolved through purifying selection. Based on the correlation analysis between ester content and expression level of BAHD genes at different development stages, we selected five genes to perform qRT-PCR verification, and the results showed that Pbr020016.1, Pbr019034.1, Pbr014028.1 and Pbr029551.1 are the important candidate genes involved in aroma formation during pear fruit development. Conclusion: We have thoroughly annotated the BAHD superfamily genes and made a comprehensive comparative analysis of their colinearity, phylogenetic relationships and gene duplication patterns in the seven Rosaceae species, and also obtained four candidate genes might be involved in the aroma synthesis in the pear fruit. These presented results provide a theoretical basis for the future studies of the specific biological functions of BAHD superfamily members and the improvement of pear fruit quality. Keywords: BAHD, pear, evolution, Rosaceae, transcriptome, volatile esters
Recurrent episodes of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy in three Chinese families with GJB1 mutations in X-linked Charcot-Marie-tooth type 1 disease: case reports
Authors: Liang Youlong , Liu Jingli , Wu Yu , Cheng Daobin , Mo Liuhong , Huang Wen
Published: August 2019

Background The X-linked form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1(CMTX1) is an inherited peripheral neuropathy that arises in patients with mutations in the gap-junction beta-1 gene (GJB1).
Case presentation Three young male patients from Southern China with pes cavus experienced multiple episodes of transient central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Three patients all had reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy as detected by brain diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI-DWI). Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) showed sensorimotor polyneuropathy with mixed demyelinating and axonal features. Genetic testing indicated a c.425G>A (p. Arg 142 Glu) or c.563 C>T (p. Thr 188 Ile) or c.103G>C (p. Val 35 Leu) mutation in GJB1. The unique feature of this report is two novel mutations: c.563 C>T and sc.103G>C of GJB1 gene detected in two families respectively. Another unique feature is that peripheral neuropathy symptoms in three patients were insidious and found at the onset of CNS symptoms
Conclusions Central nervous system involvement in patients with CMTX1 indicates that myelin damage in the CNS and peripheral nerve system may have similar pathogenetic mechanisms.
The importance of a multifactorial approach for (inter)national surveillance of Shigella spp. and entero-invasive Escherichia coli
Authors: Beld Maaike J. C. van den , Reubsaet Frans A.G. , Pijnacker Roan , Harpal Airien , Kuiling Sjoerd , Heerkens Evy M. , Hoeve-Bakker B. J. A. (Dieneke) , Noomen Ramón C.E.A. , Hendriks Amber C. A , Borst Dyogo , Heide Han van der , Kooistra A.M.D. (Mirjam) , Rossen John W.A.
Published: August 2019

Background: Shigella spp. and entero-invasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) can cause mild diarrhea to dysentery. In the Netherlands, although shigellosis is a notifiable disease, there is no laboratory surveillance for Shigella spp. and EIEC in place. Consequently, the population structure for circulating Shigella spp. and EIEC isolates is not known. This study describes the phenotypic and serological characteristics, the phenotypic and genetic antimicrobial resistance profiles, the virulence gene profiles, the classic multi-locus sequence types (MSLT) and core genome MLST (cgMLST) types, and the epidemiology of Shigella spp. and EIEC isolates collected during a cross-sectional study in the Netherlands in 2016 and 2017.
Results: S. sonnei, S. flexneri and EIEC were predominantly detected in the Netherlands. A substantial part of the characterized isolates was resistant to antimicrobials advised for treatment, i.e., 73% was phenotypically resistant to co-trimoxazol and 19% to ciprofloxacin. Antimicrobial resistance was particularly observed in isolates from male patients who had sex with men or from patients that had travelled to Asia. Furthermore, isolates related to international clusters were also circulating in the Netherlands. Travel-related isolates formed clusters with isolates from patients without travel history, indicating their emergence into the Dutch population.
Conclusions: In conclusion, laboratory surveillance using whole genome sequencing for genetic characterization of isolates complements the current epidemiological surveillance, as the latter is not sufficient to detect all (inter)national clusters, emphasizing the importance of multifactorial public health approaches.
Epidemic population structure of clinical Klebsiella aerogenes inferred by multilocus sequence typing
Authors: Chen Sheng , Wang Yu , Zeng Lijun , Luo Wenbo , Feng Wei , Li Ping , Wang Qian , Zhou Dongsheng , Guo Chenyi , Sun Fengjun
Published: August 2019

Background: Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) act as an accurate approach to characterize bacterial population genetics, phylogeny and epidemiology, and has not yet been applied to Klebsiella aerogenes. Results: A MLST scheme was established for a collection of 213 isolates of K. aerogenes. These strains exhibited considerable sequence diversity under purifying selection, and could be assigned into 135 sequence types, which were further divided into 8 clonal complexes and a lot of doubletons and singletons scatterred in the population snapshot. Five separately clustering lineages were presented in the population, which displayed evident homologous recombination occurred within and across lineages, with a tendency of linkage disequilibrium. Conclusions: K. aerogenes shows an epidemic population structure displaying high levels of recombination occurring more frequently than point mutation.
Key words: Klebsiella aerogenes; multilocus sequence typing; sequence types; purifying selection; linkage disequilibrium; population structure
A quantitative assessment of the parameters of the role of receptionists in modern primary care using the work design framework
Authors: Burrows Michael , Gale Nicola , Greenfield Sheila , Litchfield Ian
Published: August 2019

Background
General practice faces unprecedented demands as the UK population ages and care complexity increases. Amidst these increased pressures, the receptionist continues to fulfil key administrative and clinically related tasks. The need for more robust support for these key personnel to ensure they stay focussed and motivated is apparent, but for this to be effective a more systematic understanding of the parameters of their work is required. Here we present a valuable insight into the tasks they fulfil their relationship with colleagues and their organisation, and their attitudes and behaviour at work collectively defined as their ‘work design’.
Methods
Our aim was to quantitatively assess the various characteristics of receptionists in UK primary care using the validated Work Design Questionnaire. A cross-sectional survey design was employed with receptionists randomly sampled from general practices across the UK. We used the Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ) a 21 point validated questionnaire, divided into four categories: task, knowledge and social characteristics and work context with a series of sub-categories within each.
Results
Seventy participants completed the WDQ. Receptionists reported high task variety, task significance and high level of information processing, confirming the high cognitive load placed on them by performing numerous yet significant tasks. This complex role required an array of skills and there was a reliance on colleagues for support and feedback.
Conclusion
Research with modern GP receptionists is sparse and little is known formally regarding the parameters of the role. This research explores the work design of GP receptionists and offers clinicians in practice a practical overview of this important and essential role and its implications for the modern GP practice. We suggest a number of ways in to better support the modern receptionist, including separating complex tasks to avoid the errors involved with high cognitive load, providing informal feedback and developing training programmes.