bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Any detectable thyroglobulin in lymph node biopsy washouts suggests local recurrence in differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Yap Natalie Su-Jing , Maher Richard , Learoyd Diana Louise
Published: August 2014

The sensitivity of local recurrence detection in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is increased by measuring thyroglobulin in needle washouts from lymph node fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNA-Tg). Recent studies have proposed minimum diagnostic threshold values for FNA-Tg and have reported interference from Tg antibodies (Tg Ab), leading to low or false-negative results. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of FNA-Tg in the diagnosis of local DTC recurrence in patients referred to a single pathology service used by our tertiary teaching hospital, the first such study in an Australian cohort. Data were collected from the pathology service database for FNA-Tg over an 18-month period, and the results of 69 FNA-Tg samples from 57 patients were obtained. FNA-Tg findings were compared with cytology and histology when patients proceeded to surgery. Using the functional sensitivity as the cut-off, detectable FNA-Tg (≥0.9 μg/l) had a sensitivity of 95.7%, specificity of 50% and positive predictive value of 95.7%. Our results suggest that detectable FNA-Tg leads to histological confirmation of local nodal DTC recurrence and would support a decision to proceed to surgery. Serum Tg Ab can, however, interfere with FNA-Tg measurements. Thus, we now recommend routine use of FNA-Tg washouts in all lymph node FNA biopsies for the detection of DTC recurrence.
The incidence rate of pituitary adenomas in western Sweden for the period 2001–2011
Authors: Tjörnstrand Axel , Gunnarsson Kerstin , Evert Max , Holmberg Erik , Ragnarsson Oskar , Rosén Thord , Filipsson Nyström Helena
Published: August 2014

Objective

The number of studies on the incidence of pituitary adenomas (PAs) is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the standardised incidence rate (SIR) of PAs in western Sweden.

Design, subjects and methods

Data from adult patients diagnosed with PAs in 2001–2011, living in the Västra Götaland County, were collected from the Swedish Pituitary Registry (SPR). In addition, medical records on all patients diagnosed with PAs at the six hospitals in the region were reviewed. In total, 592 patients were included in the study.

Age-SIR, given as rate/100 000 inhabitants (95% CI), was calculated using the WHO 2000 standard population as a reference.

Results

The total SIR for PAs was 3.9/100 000 (3.6–4.3); 3.3/100 000 (2.9–3.7) for men and 4.7/100 000 (4.1–5.3) for women. In men, SIR increased with age, while in women SIR peaked at 25–34 years, mainly due to prolactinomas. Non-functioning PA (NFPA) was the most common PA (54%, 1.8/100 000 (1.6–2.0)) followed by prolactinomas (32%, 1.6/100 000 (1.3–1.9)), acromegaly (9%, 0.35/100 000 (0.25–0.45)), Cushing's disease (4%, 0.18/100 000 (0.11–0.25)) and TSH-producing PA (0.7%, 0.03/100 000 (0.00–0.05)). The proportion of macroadenomas for NFPA was 82%, prolactinomas 37%, GH-producing PA 77%, ACTH-producing PA 28% and TSH-producing PA 100%. The lifetime risk for PAs was 0.27% (0.24–0.31) in men and 0.29% (0.26–0.33) in women.

Conclusion

This study provides a reliable estimate on the overall incidence of PAs and confirms an increased incidence of PAs compared with studies conducted in the pre-magnetic resonance imaging era. The lower proportion of prolactinomas compared with previous studies is probably explained by the different criteria used.
Ten weeks of aerobic training does not result in persistent changes in VLDL triglyceride turnover or oxidation in healthy men
Authors: Nellemann Birgitte , Christensen Britt , Vissing Kristian , Thams Line , Sieljacks Peter , Larsen Mads Sørensen , Jørgensen Jens Otto Lunde , Nielsen Søren
Published: August 2014

Objective

Very low density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL–TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) constitute a substantial proportion of human energy supply both at rest and during exercise. Exercise acutely decreases VLDL–TG concentration, and VLDL–TG clearance is increased after an exercise bout. However, the effects of long-term training are not clear.

Design

The aim was to investigate long-term effects of training by direct assessments of VLDL–TG and palmitate kinetics and oxidation in healthy lean men (n=9) at rest, before and after a 10-week training program, compared with a non-training control group (n=9).

Methods

VLDL–TG kinetics were assessed by a primed constant infusion of [1-14C]VLDL–TG, and VLDL–TG oxidation by specific activity (14CO2) in expired air. The metabolic study days were placed 60–72 h after the last exercise bout.

Results

Palmitate kinetics and oxidation were assessed by a 2 h constant infusion of [9,10-3H]palmitate. In the training group (n=9), maximal oxygen uptake increased significantly by ≈20% (P<0.05), and the insulin sensitivity (assessed by the hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp) improved significantly (P<0.05). Despite these metabolic improvements, no changes were observed in VLDL–TG secretion, clearance, or oxidation or in palmitate kinetics.

Conclusion

We conclude that 10 weeks of exercise training did not induce changes in VLDL–TG and palmitate kinetics in healthy lean men.
Prevalence of insulin resistance and risk of diabetes mellitus in HIV-infected patients receiving current antiretroviral drugs
Authors: Araujo Susana , Bañón Sara , Machuca Isabel , Moreno Ana , Pérez-Elías María J , Casado José L
Published: August 2014

Objective

HIV-infected patients had a higher prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) than that observed in healthy controls, but there are no data about the current prevalence considering the changes in HIV presentation and the use of newer antiretroviral drugs.

Design

Longitudinal study which involved 265 HIV patients without DM, receiving first (n=71) and advanced lines of antiretroviral therapy (n=194).

Methods

Prevalence of IR according to clinical and anthropometric variables, including dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan evaluation. IR was defined as homeostasis model assessment of IR ≥3.8. Incident DM was assessed during the follow-up.

Results

First-line patients had a short time of HIV infection, less hepatitis C virus coinfection, and received mainly an efavirenz-based regimen. Overall, the prevalence of IR was 21% (55 patients, 6% in first-line, 27% in pretreated). In a logistic regression analysis, significant associations were found between the waist/hip circumference ratio (RR 10; 95% CI 1.66–16;P<0.01, per unit), and central fat in percentage (RR 1.08; 95% CI 1.01–1.17;P=0.04, per unit) as evaluated by DXA, and IR. During 770.8 patient-years, DM was diagnosed in 8% (22 patients), mostly in pretreated patients (10 vs 4%;P=0.1). Thus, the overall rate of incident DM was 2.85 per 100 person-years, mostly in previous IR (10.39 vs 0.82/100 person-years;P=0.01).

Conclusions

A lower prevalence of IR is observed in the current HIV-infected patients with fewer risk factors and receiving newer antiretroviral drugs. IR continues to identify patients at high risk for developing DM in the short term.
Urocortin 3 activates AMPK and AKT pathways and enhances glucose disposal in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Roustit Manon M , Vaughan Joan M , Jamieson Pauline M , Cleasby Mark E
Published: August 2014

Insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle is an important component of both type 2 diabetes and the syndrome of sarcopaenic obesity, for which there are no effective therapies. Urocortins (UCNs) are not only well established as neuropeptides but also have their roles in metabolism in peripheral tissues. We have shown recently that global overexpression of UCN3 resulted in muscular hypertrophy and resistance to the adverse metabolic effects of a high-fat diet. Herein, we aimed to establish whether short-term local UCN3 expression could enhance glucose disposal and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle. UCN3 was found to be expressed in right tibialis cranialis and extensor digitorum longus muscles of rats by in vivo electrotransfer and the effects studied vs the contralateral muscles after 1 week. No increase in muscle mass was detected, but test muscles showed 19% larger muscle fibre diameter (P=0.030), associated with increased IGF1 and IGF1 receptor mRNA and increased SER256 phosphorylation of forkhead transcription factor. Glucose clearance into the test muscles after an intraperitoneal glucose load was increased by 23% (P=0.018) per unit mass, associated with increased GLUT1 (34% increase; P=0.026) and GLUT4 (48% increase; P=0.0009) proteins, and significantly increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1, AKT, AKT substrate of 160 kDa, glycogen synthase kinase-3β, AMP-activated protein kinase and its substrate acetyl coA carboxylase. Thus, UCN3 expression enhances glucose disposal and signalling in muscle by an autocrine/paracrine mechanism that is separate from its pro-hypertrophic effects, implying that such a manipulation may have promised for the treatment of IR syndromes including sarcopaenic obesity.
Regulation of FSHβ induction in LβT2 cells by BMP2 and an Activin A/BMP2 chimera, AB215
Authors: Jung Jae Woo , Ahn Chihoon , Shim Sun Young , Gray Peter C , Kwiatkowski Witek , Choe Senyon
Published: August 2014

Activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) share activin type 2 signaling receptors but utilize different type 1 receptors and Smads. We designed AB215, a potent BMP2-like Activin A/BMP2 chimera incorporating the high-affinity type 2 receptor-binding epitope of Activin A. In this study, we compare the signaling properties of AB215 and BMP2 in HEK293T cells and gonadotroph LβT2 cells in which Activin A and BMP2 synergistically induce FSHβ. In HEK293T cells, AB215 is more potent than BMP2 and competitively blocks Activin A signaling, while BMP2 has a partial blocking activity. Activin A signaling is insensitive to BMP pathway antagonism in HEK293T cells but is strongly inhibited by constitutively active (CA) BMP type 1 receptors. By contrast, the potencies of AB215 and BMP2 are indistinguishable in LβT2 cells and although AB215 blocks Activin A signaling, BMP2 has no inhibitory effect. Unlike HEK293T, Activin A signaling is strongly inhibited by BMP pathway antagonism in LβT2 cells but is largely unaffected by CA BMP type 1 receptors. BMP2 increases phospho-Smad3 levels in LβT2 cells, in both the absence and the presence of Activin A treatment, and augments Activin A-induced FSHβ. AB215 has the opposite effect and sharply decreases basal phospho-Smad3 levels and blocks Smad2 phosphorylation and FSHβ induction resulting from Activin A treatment. These findings together demonstrate that while AB215 activates the BMP pathway, it has opposing effects to those of BMP2 on FSHβ induction in LβT2 cells apparently due to its ability to block Activin A signaling.
Inhibitory roles of the mammalian GnIH ortholog RFRP3 in testicular activities in adult mice
Authors: Anjum Shabana , Krishna Amitabh , Tsutsui Kazuyoshi
Published: August 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects ofin vivoandin vitrotreatments with RFamide-related peptide 3 (RFRP3), a mammalian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone ortholog, on testicular activities, i.e. spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis, in mice. Mice were treatedin vivowith different doses of RFRP3 (control: 0.02 μg, 0.2 μg, and 2.0 μg/day) for 8 days. Forin vitrostudy, the testes of mice were evaluated with different doses of RFRP3 (control: 1 and 10 ng/ml) with or without LH (control: 10 and 100 ng/ml) for 24 h at 37 °C. RFRP3 treatment produced significant changes in the body mass, circulating steroid level, and testicular activity in mice. RFRP3 treatment also caused dose-dependent histological changes in spermatogenesis, such as decline in germ cell proliferation and survival markers and increase in apoptotic markers in testis. Bothin vivoandin vitrostudies showed the inhibitory effect of RFRP3 on testosterone synthesis in the testis. RFRP3 inhibited the expression of the receptor for LH (LHCGR), STAR protein, cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (CYP11A1) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the testis, and testosterone secretion dose dependently. This study also suggested that the inhibitory effect of RFRP3 in the testis may be mediated through local production of GnRH. Thus, RFRP3 inhibits testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis either indirectly through GnRH or by directly influencing germ cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis.
Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A exacerbates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-like phenotype in male rat offspring fed on a high-fat diet
Authors: Wei Jie , Sun Xia , Chen Yajie , Li Yuanyuan , Song Liqiong , Zhou Zhao , Xu Bing , Lin Yi , Xu Shunqing
Published: August 2014

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals, which is present ubiquitously in daily life. Accumulating evidence indicates that exposure to BPA contributes to metabolic syndrome. In this study, we examined whether perinatal exposure to BPA predisposed offspring to fatty liver disease: the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Wistar rats were exposed to 50 μg/kg per day BPA or corn oil throughout gestation and lactation by oral gavage. Offspring were fed a standard chow diet (SD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) after weaning. Effects of BPA were assessed by examination of hepatic morphology, biochemical analysis, and the hepatic expression of genes and/or proteins involved in lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, gluconeogenesis, insulin signaling, inflammation, and fibrosis. On a SD, the offspring of rats exposed to BPA exhibited moderate hepatic steatosis and altered expression of insulin signaling elements in the liver, but with normal liver function. On a HFD, the offspring of rats exposed to BPA showed a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-like phenotype, characterized by extensive accumulation of lipids, large lipid droplets, profound ballooning degeneration, impaired liver function, increased inflammation, and even mild fibrosis in the liver. Perinatal exposure to BPA worsened the hepatic damage caused by the HFD in the rat offspring. The additive effects of BPA correlated with higher levels of hepatic oxidative stress. Collectively, exposure to BPA may be a new risk factor for the development of fatty liver disease and further studies should assess whether this finding is also relevant to the human population.
20 YEARS OF LEPTIN: Leptin at 20: an overview
Authors: Friedman Jeffrey
Published: August 2014

Historically, adipose tissue was considered to be a passive storage vessel discharging nutrients in times of famine and accumulating fat in times of surfeit. This view changed with the identification of leptin as an adipocyte hormone. Leptin functions as an afferent signal in a negative feedback loop that regulates food intake and metabolism to maintain homeostatic control of adipose tissue mass. Before this, the existence of a system maintaining homeostatic control of energy balance was unclear. The identification of leptin has thus uncovered a new endocrine system that also links changes in nutrition to adaptive responses in most if not all other physiologic systems. Further studies have revealed a set of clinical syndromes caused by leptin deficiency, including lipodystrophy and hypothalamic amenorrhea. This work has led to new therapeutic approaches for a number of human conditions and has also established a conceptual framework for studying the pathogenesis of obesity.
20 YEARS OF LEPTIN: Leptin and reproduction: past milestones, present undertakings, and future endeavors
Authors: Chehab Farid F
Published: August 2014

The association between leptin and reproduction originated with the leptin-mediated correction of sterility inob/obmice and initiation of reproductive function in normal female mice. The uncovering of a central leptin pathway regulating food intake prompted the dissection of neuroendocrine mechanisms involving leptin in the metabolic control of reproduction. The absence of leptin receptors on GnRH neurons incited a search for intermediary neurons situated between leptin-responsive and GnRH neurons. This review addresses the most significant findings that have furthered our understanding of recent progress in this new field. The role of leptin in puberty was impacted by the discovery of neurons that co-express kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin and these could act as leptin intermediates. Furthermore, the identification of first-order leptin-responsive neurons in the premammilary ventral nucleus and other brain regions opens new avenues to explore their relationship to GnRH neurons. Central to these advances is the unveiling that agouti-related protein/neuropeptide Y neurons project onto GnRH and kisspeptin neurons, allowing for a crosstalk between food intake and reproduction. Finally, while puberty is a state of leptin sensitivity, mid-gestation represents a state of leptin resistance aimed at building energy stores to sustain pregnancy and lactation. The mechanisms underlying leptin resistance in pregnancy have lagged; however, the establishment of this natural state is significant. Reproduction and energy balance are tightly controlled and backed up by redundant mechanisms that are critical for the survival of our species. It will be the goal of the following decade to shed new light on these complex and essential pathways.
20 YEARS OF LEPTIN: What we know and what the future holds
Authors: O'Rahilly Steve
Published: August 2014

This special issue ofJournal of Endocrinologycelebrates the 20th anniversary of the discovery of leptin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, which provides critical signals to the organism regarding the status of its energy stores. The discovery of leptin not only revolutionised our understanding of endocrine physiology but has also resulted in a registered medicinal product which is already improving the health of patients with serious metabolic diseases. In this issue, we have gathered together a group of essays by some of the world leaders in leptin research, including an overview by Dr Jeffrey Friedman who, in his seminal article in December 1994, described the adipocyte-derived hormone, the lack of which was responsible for the severe obesity inob/obmice and suggested that it should be named leptin.
Individual commitment to a group effect: strengths and weaknesses of bovine embryo group culture
Authors: Wydooghe Eline , Vandaele Leen , Piepers Sofie , Dewulf Jeroen , Van den Abbeel Etienne , De Sutter Petra , Van Soom Ann
Published: August 2014

Recently, new culture devices such as Corral and Primo Vision dishes have been designed for the culture of human embryos to allow the combination of group culture plus follow-up of individual embryos. Bovine inseminated oocytes were allocated to Primo Vision dishes, Corral dishes, individual culture or classical group culture. Blastocyst development in Primo Vision dishes was similar to classical group culture (34.3 and 39.0% respectively), and better than Corral dishes or individual culture (28.9 and 28.5% respectively). In Primo Vision dishes, a higher number of ‘slow’ embryos developed to the blastocyst stage compared with their individually cultured counterparts, while no differences were observed for ‘fast’ embryos. ‘Slow’ embryos in a ‘standard drop’ had a higher chance of becoming a blastocyst compared with individual culture (OR: 2.3), whereas blastulation of ‘fast’ embryos was less efficient in a ‘delayed drop’ than in individual culture (OR: 0.3). The number of non-cleaved embryos in Primo Vision dishes did not negatively influence blastocyst development. Likewise, removing non-cleaved embryos (NC removed) and regrouping the cleaved embryos afterwards (ReGR) did not affect blastocyst development and quality compared with group culture in Primo Vision dishes (CTRL, 31.6%, NC removed, 29.3% and ReGR, 29.6%). The experiments revealed that group culture of bovine embryos in Primo Vision dishes is superior to individual culture, primarily because of the higher blastocyst rate achieved by slow embryos. Non-cleaved or arrested embryos do not hamper the ability of co-cultured bovine embryos to reach the blastocyst stage in group culture.
Improvement of bovine in vitro embryo production by vitamin K2 supplementation
Authors: Baldoceda-Baldeon Luis Manuel , Gagné Dominic , Vigneault Christian , Blondin Patrick , Robert Claude
Published: August 2014

Mitochondria play an important role during early development in mammalian embryos. It has been shown that properly controlled follicular preparation increases the likelihood ofin-vitro-produced bovine embryos reaching the blastocyst stage and that competent embryos exhibit heightened expression of genes associated with mitochondrial function. We hypothesized that apparently incompetent embryos could be rescued by restoring mitochondrial function. It has been shown that vitamin K2(a membrane-bound electron carrier similar to ubiquinone) can restore mitochondrial dysfunction in eukaryotic cells. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effects of vitamin K2on bovine embryonic developmentin vitro. The vitamin was found most effective when added 72 h after fertilization. It produced a significant (P<0.05) increase in the percentage of blastocysts (+8.6%), more expanded blastocysts (+7.8%), and embryos of better morphological quality. It improved the mitochondrial activity significantly and had a measurable impact on gene expression. This is the first demonstration that current standard conditions ofin vitroproduction of bovine embryos may be inadequate due to the lack of support for mitochondrial function and may be improved significantly by supplementing the culture medium with vitamin K2.
Haldane’s Rule Is Linked to Extraordinary Sex Ratios and Sperm Length in Stalk-Eyed Flies
Authors: Wilkinson Gerald S , Christianson Sarah J , Brand Cara L , Ru George , Shell Wyatt
Published: August 2014

We use three allopatric populations of the stalk-eyed fly Teleopsis dalmanni from Southeast Asia to test two predictions made by the sex chromosome drive hypothesis for Haldane’s rule. The first is that modifiers that suppress or enhance drive should evolve rapidly and independently in isolated populations. The second is that drive loci or modifiers should also cause sterility in hybrid males. We tested these predictions by assaying the fertility of 2066 males derived from backcross experiments involving two pairs of populations and found that the proportion of mated males that fail to produce any offspring ranged from 38 to 60% among crosses with some males producing strongly female-biased or male-biased sex ratios. After genotyping each male at 25–28 genetic markers we found quantitative trait loci (QTL) that jointly influence male sterility, sperm length, and biased progeny sex ratios in each pair of populations, but almost no shared QTL between population crosses. We also discovered that the extant XSR chromosome has no effect on sex ratio or sterility in these backcross males. Whether shared QTL are caused by linkage or pleiotropy requires additional study. Nevertheless, these results indicate the presence of a “cryptic” drive system that is currently masked by suppressing elements that are associated with sterility and sperm length within but not between populations and, therefore, must have evolved since the populations became isolated, i.e., in <100,000 years. We discuss how genes that influence sperm length may contribute to hybrid sterility.
Mitochondrial-Nuclear Epistasis Contributes to Phenotypic Variation and Coadaptation in Natural Isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Paliwal Swati , Fiumera Anthony C , Fiumera Heather L
Published: August 2014

Mitochondria are essential multifunctional organelles whose metabolic functions, biogenesis, and maintenance are controlled through genetic interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. In natural populations, mitochondrial efficiencies may be impacted by epistatic interactions between naturally segregating genome variants. The extent that mitochondrial-nuclear epistasis contributes to the phenotypic variation present in nature is unknown. We have systematically replaced mitochondrial DNAs in a collection of divergent Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast isolates and quantified the effects on growth rates in a variety of environments. We found that mitochondrial-nuclear interactions significantly affected growth rates and explained a substantial proportion of the phenotypic variances under some environmental conditions. Naturally occurring mitochondrial-nuclear genome combinations were more likely to provide growth advantages, but genetic distance could not predict the effects of epistasis. Interruption of naturally occurring mitochondrial-nuclear genome combinations increased endogenous reactive oxygen species in several strains to levels that were not always proportional to growth rate differences. Our results demonstrate that interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes generate phenotypic diversity in natural populations of yeasts and that coadaptation of intergenomic interactions likely occurs quickly within the specific niches that yeast occupy. This study reveals the importance of considering allelic interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes when investigating evolutionary relationships and mapping the genetic basis underlying complex traits.
Regulation of Glucose-Dependent Gene Expression by the RNA Helicase Dbp2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Beck Zachary T , Cloutier Sara C , Schipma Matthew J , Petell Christopher J , Kit Wai ,   Ma, Tran Elizabeth J
Published: August 2014

Cellular homeostasis requires a fine balance between energy uptake, utilization, and growth. Dbp2 is a member of the DEAD-box protein family in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with characterized ATPase and helicase activity in vitro. DEAD-box RNA helicases are a class of enzymes that utilize ATP hydrolysis to remodel RNA and/or RNA–protein (RNP) composition. Dbp2 has been proposed to utilize its helicase activity in vivo to promote RNA–protein complex assembly of both messenger (m)RNAs and long noncoding (lnc)RNAs. Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that loss of DBP2 enhances the lncRNA-dependent transcriptional induction of the GAL genes by abolishing glucose-dependent repression. Herein, we report that either a carbon source switch or glucose deprivation results in rapid export of Dbp2 to the cytoplasm. Genome-wide RNA sequencing identified a new class of antisense hexose transporter transcripts that are specifically upregulated upon loss of DBP2. Further investigation revealed that both sense and antisense hexose transporter (HXT) transcripts are aberrantly expressed in DBP2-deficient cells and that this expression pathway can be partially mimicked in wild-type cells by glucose depletion. We also find that Dbp2 promotes ribosome biogenesis and represses alternative ATP-producing pathways, as loss of DBP2 alters the transcript levels of ribosome biosynthesis (snoRNAs and associated proteins) and respiration gene products. This suggests that Dbp2 is a key integrator of nutritional status and gene expression programs required for energy homeostasis.
Caracterización del saber pedagógico: Estudio en profesorado novel
Authors: Almonacid-Fierro Alejandro , Merellano-Navarro Eugenio , Moreno-Doña Alberto
Published: August 2014

Recibido 9 de diciembre de 2013 • Corregido 14 de mayo de 2014 • Aceptado 22 de agosto de 2014El saber pedagógico como un despliegue específico de las narrativas y configuraciones paradigmáticas e ideológicas sobre el carácter y sentido de la acción educativa es, en definitiva, lo que cada docente explicita como ambiente de aprendizaje. De ahí que su caracterización y categorización se convierta en un eje central de conocimiento científico y pedagógico. El propósito del presente artículo científico fue indagar, describir e interpretar cuáles son las relaciones entre la práctica desplegada en el aula y los saberes pedagógicos desde la relación docente-discente en profesores noveles egresados de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile. Se utilizó la metodología cualitativa, sustentada en la perspectiva epistemológica del paradigma interpretativo optando por la comprensión subjetiva de dicho proceso. Quienes participaron enfatizaron la importancia de la experiencia práctica como algo fundamental en su formación docente. Adicionalmente, indicaron como positivo el énfasis que otorga la Universidad Autónoma de Chile en la búsqueda de un personal docente reflexivo, crítico y autónomo a través de una práctica pedagógica con énfasis en la co-construcción del conocimiento.
Reflexiones en torno al sentido de la vida en los espacios áulicos
Authors: Miranda-Cervantes Giselle
Published: August 2014

Recibido 7 de noviembre de 2013 • Corregido 28 de mayo de 2014 • Aceptado 22 de agosto de 2014Este artículo parte de la premisa de que la convivencia en los espacios áulicos debe ser una dinámica emocional compartida dentro de un espacio de respeto mutuo del sí mismo, del otro, de la otra y de cada uno de sus quehaceres. Propone que en estos espacios saludables se debe gestar la transformación de todas las personas participantes, desde una perspectiva compleja en la que los procesos vitales y los procesos de aprendizaje sean anidados en un mismo proceso. Pretende alertar acerca de la urgente necesidad de devolverle el verdadero encanto a la educación, replanteando el concepto y el sentido de la vida, para poder saborear la existencia desde un nuevo paradigma en el que se trabaje con el intelecto, con el corazón y con la vida misma, en un estado superior de armonía.
Educación y evaluación: Profecía o predicción
Authors: Borjas Mónica Patricia
Published: August 2014

Recibido 12 de noviembre de 2013 • Corregido 24 de julio de 2014 • Aceptado 22 de agosto de 2014El presente ensayo realiza una mirada crítica a las visiones y realidades de la evaluación educativa. Se parte de dos supuestos que describen contextos diferentes desde donde se pueden analizar las características de la evaluación. Frente a dichos contextos el lector podrá realizar sus propias predicciones o profecías sobre el futuro de este proceso, el cual resulta relevante para garantizar la calidad formativa en las instituciones de educación.
Analysis of Promoter Methylation, Polymorphism and Expression Prole of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen-4 in Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kordi-Tamandani Dor Mohammad , Davani Shahrbbanou Karimi , Baranzehi Taybeh , Hemati Simin
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground & Aim: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) is a crucial immune-checkpoint receptor regulating T-cell activation. The current study was carried out to evaluate the function of CTLA4 gene in patients with gastric cancer.Methods: The methylation of CTLA4 gene promoter was evaluated by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) technique using 85 paraffin-embedded gastric cancer tissue samples and normal tissue on the tumor margins as control tissue samples. Expression analysis was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue samples (25 each of cancerous and normal tissues) using Real-time PCR.Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between the tumor and margin-cell areas withrespect to promoter methylation status (OR = 4.829, 95% CI: 2.46-9.48, p < 0.001) and CTLA4 expression profile (mean ± SD = 7.56 ± 17.35, p = 0.04).Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first one highlighting the association between promoter hypermethylation of CTLA4 gene, decreased CTLA4 expression, and increased risk of gastric cancer.
Changes in Esophageal and Lower Esophageal Sphincter Motility with Healthy Aging
Authors: Besanko Laura K. , Burgstad Carly M. , Cock Charles , Heddle Richard , Fraser Alison , Fraser Robert J.L.
Published: August 2014

Background & Aims: Swallowing difficulties become increasingly prevalent in older age. Differences exist in lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function between older and younger patients with dysphagia, but the contribution of aging per se to these is unclear.Methods: Esophageal motor function was measured using high resolution manometry in older (aged 81±1.7 yrs) and younger (23±1.7 yrs) asymptomatic healthy adults. After baseline recording, motility was assessed by swallowing boluses of liquid (right lateral and upright postures) and solids. Basal LES pressure, integrated relaxation pressure, distal esophageal peristaltic amplitude and velocity were measured. Data are presented as mean ą SEM.Results: Despite a trend for lower basal LES pressure (15.7±2.9 mmHg vs. 21.0±0.2mmHg; P=0.08),completeness of LES relaxation was reduced in older subjects (liquid RL: P=0.003; UR: P=0.007; solid: P=0.03), with higher integrated relaxation pressure when upright (liquid: 6.9±1.1 vs. 3.1±0.4 mmHg; P=0.01; solids: 8.1±1.1 vs. 3.6±0.3 mmHg; P=0.001) and a longer time to recovery after liquid boluses (right lateral: P=0.01; upright: P=0.04). In young, but not older adults, esophageal peristaltic velocity was increased when upright (3.6±0.2 cm/sec; P=0.04) and reduced with solids (3.0±0.1 cm/sec; P=0.03). Distal contraction amplitude was higher with solids in the young (51.8±7.9 mmHg) but not older (41.4±6.2 mmHg; P=0.03) individuals. In elderly subjects, the distal contractile integral was higher with liquid swallows in the upright posture (P=0.006).Conclusion: There are subtle changes in LES function even in asymptomatic older individuals. These agerelated changes may contribute to the development of dysphagia.
Excellence Centers in Inammatory Bowel Disease in Romania: a Measure of the Quality of Care
Authors: Negreanu Lucian , Bataga Simona , Cijevschi Prelipcean Cristina , Dobru Daniela , Diculescu Mircea , Dumitru Eugen , Gheonea Dan Ionut , Gheorghe Liana , Gheorghe Cristian , Goldis Adrian , Mateescu Bogdan R. , Tantau Marcel , Trifan Anca
Published: August 2014

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Mucosal Expression of Basic Fibroblastic Growth Factor, Syndecan 1 and Tumour Necrosis Factor-α in Crohn’s Disease in Deep Remission under Treatment with Anti-TNFα Antibodies
Authors: Tursi Antonio , Elisei Walter , Principi Mariabeatrice , Inchingolo Cosimo Damiano , Nenna Rosanna , Picchio Marcello , Giorgio Floriana , Ierardi Enzo , Brandimarte Giovanni
Published: August 2014

Background & Aims: Both inflammation and fibrosis may be detected in Crohn's disease (CD). The molecular pattern of Basic Fibroblastic Growth Factor (bFGF) and Syndecan-1 (SD1) expression is altered in stenosing CD, but we do not know what the behaviour of this teamwork factor is in CD in deep remission under treatment with anti-TNFα antibodies. Our aim was to compare the expression of bFGF, SD1 and TNF-α in patients with CD in deep remission under treatment with Infliximab (IFX) or Adalimumab (ADA) and a control group of patients with active CD.Methods: We assessed the expression of bFGF, SD1 and TNF-α in 10 patients with active CD and in 28 patients with CD in sustained deep remission for at least 6 months. All patients underwent surveillance colonoscopy with biopsies, while receiving maintenance therapy with IFX or ADA. Analysis was conducted by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) in biopsy samples.Results: We found that bFGF, SD1 and TNF-α were significantly reduced under treatment with anti-TNFα versus controls (p=0.000). bFGF and SD1 expression were similar between IFX and ADA patients (p=0.335 and p=0.289, respectively), while TNF-α was significantly under-expressed in ADA patients (p=0.008).Conclusions: bFGF, SD1 and TNF-α are significantly reduced in CD patients in deep remission under treatment with anti-TNFα, likely as an expression of optimal control of inflammation. The significance of the TNF-α under-expression in patients under treatment with ADA with respect to those under treatment with IFX should be elucidated in further studies.
A Potential Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with SIRT1 Activators
Authors: Colak Yasar , Yesil Atakan , Mutlu Hasan Huseyin , Caklili Ozge Telci , Ulasoglu Celal , Senates Ebubekir , Takir Mumtaz , Kostek Osman , Yilmaz Yusuf , Enc Feruze Yilmaz , Tasan Guralp , Tuncer Ilyas
Published: August 2014

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are members of the silent information regulator-2 family and act as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone/protein deacetylases. The de-acetylation of proteins and histones results in an up- or down-regulation of gene transcription and protein function. In recent years, the regulatory action of the deacetylation activity of SIRT1 has been shown to have a positive impact on the pathophysiological mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Among the effects of SIRT1 are: its healing activity on insulin sensitivity, thereby ameliorating glycemic regulation; its mimetic activity on calorie restriction; its antihyperlipidemic activity on lipid homeostasis via the liver, adipose tissues and skeletal muscles; its antiinflammatory activities; its protective effects against cardiovascular events and endothelial dysfunction; its positive influence on autophagy, apoptosis and cancer; and finally, its anti-aging activity. The current approach for the treatment of NAFLD involves the treatment of etiological factors and recommendation of life-style changes including more physical activity and a low-calorie diet. However, there are no specific medical treatments for NAFLD. The therapeutic potential of SIRT1 activity in the treatment of NAFLD discovered in humans has been presented in this article. In this review, the potential effects of SIRT1 activation on NAFLD-related pathophysiological mechanisms and on the treatment of NAFLD are discussed.
Groundwater controls ecological zonation of salt marsh macrophytes
Authors: Wilson Alicia M. , Evans Tyler , Moore Willard , Schutte Charles A. , Joye Samantha B. , Hughes Andrea H. , Anderson Joseph L.
Published: August 2014

Ecological zonation of salt marsh macrophytes is strongly influenced by hydrologic factors, but these factors are poorly understood. We examined groundwater flow patterns through surficial sediments in two salt marshes in the southeastern United States to quantify hydrologic differences between distinct ecological zones. Both sites included tall‐ or medium‐form Spartina alterniflora near the creek bank; short‐form Spartina alterniflora in the mid‐marsh; salt flats and Salicornia virginica in the high marsh; and Juncus roemarianus in brackish‐to‐fresh areas adjacent to uplands. Both sites had relatively small, sandy uplands and similar stratigraphy consisting of marsh muds overlying a deeper sand layer. We found significant hydrologic differences between the four ecological zones. In the zones colonized by S. alterniflora, the vertical flow direction oscillated with semi‐diurnal tides. Net flow (14‐day average) through the tall S. alterniflora zones was downward, whereas the short S. alterniflora zones included significant periods of net upward groundwater flow. An examination of tidal efficiency at these sites suggested that the net flow patterns rather than tidal damping controlled the width of the tall S. alterniflora zone. In contrast to the S. alterniflora zones, hypersaline zones populated by S. virginica were characterized by sustained periods (days) of continuous upward flow of saline water during neap tides. The fresher zone populated by J. roemarianus showed physical flow patterns that were similar to the hypersaline zones, but the upwelling porewaters were fresh rather than saline. These flow patterns were influenced by the hydrogeologic framework of the marshes, particularly differences in hydraulic head between the upland water table and the tidal creeks. We observed increases in hydraulic head of ~40 cm from the creek to the upland in the sand layers below both marshes, which is consistent with previous observations that sandy aquifers below fine‐grained marsh soils act as conduits for flow from uplands to tidal creeks. This hydrologic framework supports relatively good drainage near the creek, increased waterlogging in the mid‐marsh, and the development of hypersalinity adjacent to the freshwater upland. These hydrologic differences in turn support distinct ecological zones.
Numerical Simulation of Internal Loop Reactor for Heavy Oil Slurry Bed Hydroprocessing
Authors: Lanyi Sun , Jian Wang , Fei Bai , Shoushi Bo
Published: August 2014

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of internal loop reactor for heavy oil slurry bed
hydroprocessing have been done in commercial code Fluent 6.3 using Euler two-phase flow model and standard k-ε
turbulence model. The effects of the physical properties on the flow field in the reactor are investigated. The results show
that the gas density has little effect but the liquid viscosity has a significant effect on flow field and gas hold-up. An
analysis of the effect of reactor structures and scale-up on the flow field and gas hold-up are also provided, and optimal
structure is obtained through simulations. The conclusions obtained in this paper have great significance for the slurry bed
hydrocracking process.
The lectin-binding pattern of nucleolin and its interaction with endogenous galectin-3
Authors: Hoja-Łukowicz Dorota , Kedracka-Krok Sylwia , Duda Weronika , Lityńska Anna
Published: August 2014

Unlike nuclear nucleolin, surface-expressed and cytoplasmic nucleolin exhibit Tn antigen. Here, we show localization-dependent differences in the glycosylation and proteolysis patterns of nucleolin. Our results provide evidence for different paths of nucleolin proteolysis in the nucleus, in the cytoplasm, and on the cell surface. We found that full-length nucleolin and some proteolytic fragments coexist within live cells and are not solely the result of the preparation procedure. Extranuclear nucleolin undergoes N- and O-glycosylation, and unlike cytoplasmic nucleolin, membrane-associated nucleolin is not fucosylated. Here, we show for the first time that nucleolin and endogenous galectin-3 exist in the same complexes in the nucleolus, the cytoplasm, and on the cell surface of melanoma cells. Assessments of the interaction of nucleolin with galectin-3 revealed nucleolar co-localization in interphase, suggesting that galectin-3 may be involved in DNA organization and ribosome biogenesis.
Einfluss der Behandlungsbedingungen beim Nitrocarburieren auf Härte, Verschleiß- und Korrosionswiderstand der Randschicht nichtrostender Stähle*
Authors: Dalke A. , Gleißner J. , Spies H.-J. , Zenker R. , Franke A.
Published: August 2014

Kurzfassung

Das Verhalten nichtrostender Stähle bei tribologischen Beanspruchungen wird durch die Anreicherung der Randschicht mit Stickstoff und/oder Kohlenstoff erheblich verbessert. Zur Aufrechterhaltung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit muss dabei jedoch die Ausscheidung von Chromnitriden bzw. -carbiden unterdrückt werden. Beim Plasmanitrocarburieren wird durch die Kombination der Wirkung von Stickstoff und Kohlenstoff ein zweilagiger Schichtaufbau bestehend aus äußerem expandierten Stickstoff-Austenit und darunterliegendem expandierten Kohlenstoff-Austenit gebildet. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Elemente (Stickstoff/Kohlenstoff) und deren Wirkung unterscheiden sich die Eigenschaften der jeweiligen Schicht stark. In Abhängigkeit der Variation des Kohlenstoffangebots sowie Behandlungstemperatur und -dauer können die resultierenden Schichteigenschaften beanspruchungsgerecht optimiert werden. Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen an austenitischen und austenitisch-ferritischen Stählen zum Einfluss der Prozessparameter auf die Zusammensetzung und die Eigenschaften des expandierten Austenits werden vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Prediction of Coronary Angiographic Features in Different Clinical Presentations of Unstable Angina
Authors: Sarmin S , Siddique MA
Published: August 2014

Background: The clinical syndrome of unstable angina can be manifested in different ways. There are three principal presentations of unstable angina like prolonged angina at rest, new onset angina and accelerated angina. Clinical characteristics can be correlated with morphological features of coronary artery assessed by coronary angiogram. Objective: The prospective observational study was conducted to compare angiographic findings with different clinical presentations of unstable angina. Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Cardiology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from January 2005 to December 2006. Total 75 patients with different clinical scenarios of unstable angina were included in this study. Results: Patients with rest angina showed triple vessel disease in comparison to other groups (40%vs.8% and 24%). Regarding lesion characteristic, more complex lesions(type B and C) are common in cases with rest angina in comparison to new onset angina and accelerated angina.(76% vs.48% and 40%) Vessel score and stenosis score are also high in rest angina in comparison to other types. (2.53± 0.76vs. 1.56±0.92). Patients with rest angina also present more proximal and osteal lesions. The incidence of long intracoronary lesions were high in patients with rest angina (20% vs.4%) Conclusion: This study shows that coronary angiographic morphology was not same in unstable angina patients who presented with different clinical scenario. So, complexity of angiographic lesion morphology can be predicted from clinical presentation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v24i2.18698 Bangladesh J Medicine 2013; 24 : 45-50
Prevalence of Microalbuminuria and Overt Proteinuria in Hypertension and Their Relations with Renal Function in a Rural Population of Bangladesh
Authors: Karim ANME , Das D , Salahuddin M , Marjan GA , Islam MN , Shaha AK , Gupta RD , Islam SM , Amin R , Rashid HU
Published: August 2014

Hypertension is the third leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Bangladesh. Microalbuminuria and overt proteinuria are the markers of the CKD. So detection of microalbuminuria and overt proteinuria in hypertensive subjects will help to identify the patient at risk of developing progressive renal impairment. This cross sectional study was carried out in a rural area of Bangladesh.1134 adult population (age between 18 and 65 years) were screened. A total of 217 (19.1%) were detected hypertensive; spot urine dipstick test was done among them. Those who where dipstick negative further studied for presence of microalbumin [ mg/L ]. Blood glucose level, serum creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were evaluated. A group of normotensive people (n=245) taken as comparison group. Microalbuminuria and overt proteinuria were present in 26.4% and 9.7% of the hypertensive subjects, respectively. Correlation between microalbuminuria and eGFR showed that two variables exhibited a tendency for negative relationship, although correlation was not statistically significant (P=0.186, r=-0.064). Overt proteinuric subjects showed no statistically significant deterioration of eGFR (81.6±21.1). Microalbuminuria and overt proteinuria are prevalent among the hypertensive rural Bangladeshi people. So early detection of microalbuminuria and overt proteinuria will help to prevent or delay the development of end stage renal disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v24i2.18700 Bangladesh J Medicine 2013; 24 : 59-64
Kikuchi -fujimoto disease- a comprehensive review
Authors: Amin Md Robed
Published: August 2014

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v24i2.20220 Bangladesh J Medicine 2013; 24 : 70-77
Assessment of long-term effects of basic slag in reclaiming acid sulfate soil
Authors: Ara Mir Ferdous , Khan Md Harunor Rashid , Nessa Ashrafun , Parveen Zakia
Published: August 2014

A long term incubation study was carried out to ascertain the effects of basic slag on acid sulfate soil. Four treatment levels of basic slag (0, 30, 40 and 50 t/ha) were selected to find out their response on pH, EC, as well as on various water soluble and exchangeable cations (Na, K, Ca, Mg and Fe) with incubation period. In most of the cases, the results showed significant effects of basic slag on pH and cations. The highest pH and EC were recorded with the largest doses of basic slag at the final stage of incubation period. In addition, this research did not find any negative impacts concerning basic slag on the supplied soil and suggested that basic slag could be used on agricultural land. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v26i1-2.20225 Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 26(1-2): 1-9, December-2013