bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REFERENCE TO GOD IN THE OATH (AFFIRMATION) OF PRISON GUARDS IN POLAND OVER THE CENTURIES
Authors: Czołgoszewski Jerzy
Published: May 2024

Aim: The aim of the study is an attempt to analyse references to God in the oath rote of prison guards from the Middle Ages, through the First Polish Republic, the Kingdom of Poland, the Second Polish Republic, the People's Poland, to the present day. Methods: In order to carry out the investigative research, we chose the method of document analysis. Archival sources stored in state and establishment archives, including personal files of prison guards and legislative sources of various ranks of state authorities were examined. Results: As a result of the study, it was found, among other things, that after the Second World War, when prison staff were linked by the communists to the public security system, the oath was replaced by a vow and took on a completely secular character. Nowadays, it is possible to voluntarily add the words "So help me God" at the end of the rote being recited. Conclusion: Giving the proper importance to the oath of prison officers came only after the democratic changes in Poland. Currently, its taking is accompanied by a solemn ceremony. Taking the oath in a symbolic dimension is an act of joining the ranks of the state formation, whose mission is to honourably serve the society. Originality: The history of the penitentiary system, with few exceptions, is not a primary subject of interest for contemporary researchers. The oath of prison guards from the earliest times to the present day in the Polish lands has not yet been the subject of research, and in the penitentiary literature one searches in vain for wider reports related to the reference to God in the wording of their oaths. Keyword: Reference to God, oath, affirmation, rota, ceremonial, prison guards
CREATIVE PARENT - CREATIVE CHILD? THE IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CHILD'S CREATIVE POTENTIAL
Authors: Grabowska Tatiana
Published: May 2024

Aim: Educational environments heavily emphasize the well-rounded development of a child, often disregarding their individual needs. Schools and their teachers increasingly offer a wide range of "educational services," including elaborate interest-based clubs, skill-enhancement programs, and extracurricular activities. Children immersed in the pressure of "being the best at everything" often lose their natural curiosity about the world and are denied the opportunity to reflect on their true interests, leading to constant exhaustion. Parents are the primary caregivers and educators for their children, with the right and responsibility to raise them. In the process of upbringing, parents should not forget that a child has not only obligations but also rights. Often, in their desire to provide their children with material comforts, parents overlook the importance of being present in their everyday lives. Objective: To identify and present areas of interest for students attending additional classes, as well as to analyze the types of actions taken by significant people for children to develop their creative potential. Methods: diagnostic survey Results: According to the results of the diagnostic survey, active participation in the additional classes offered by schools has a positive impact on children’s development. Parents (80%) enroll their children in these classes, recognizing the need for such activities, while teachers see the need to reduce differences in compensatory classes. Additional classes help students develop their passions and achieve positive effects in physical, intellectual, cognitive, socio-moral, and emotional development. They also improve their memory and learn self-discipline. Significant adults confirm the beneficial impact of children’s participation in all areas of child development, emphasizing that it also translates into their child’s extracurricular functioning. Conclusion: Entities that participate in a child’s understanding of their immediate environment and the outside world have the task of not only delegating tasks to be performed or meeting their expectations but above all, participating and supporting the child in this effort. Both parents, as the first teachers, and teachers at subsequent stages of development, should play a special role as companions, inspirers, and observers of children’s development. Working with a child should be an opening to their subjectivity, individuality, and natural desire to gain new experiences. Originality: This is a scientific article presenting the results of original empirical research. Keywords. child, parent, teacher, development, educational environments, potential, creative child.
Introducing MTEA Voice and the Development of a Musical Theatre Singing Voice Glossary: Registration
Authors: Cox, Ph.D. Dale , Sage Raymond , Mason Joe
Published: May 2024

Descriptive language is used in voice teaching and during the rehearsal process to provide feedback and adjustments to performers. Problematically, there is little agreement about what terms describe what sounds. Additionally, a performer may describe a sound differently to their voice teacher, director, or music director. This article has two parts. The first section introduces MTEA Voice with a short history of the development of this community. The second section provides a concise, introductory glossary to terminology regularly used in musical theatre singing, including registration, belt, speech quality, and legit. In addition to these short definitions, some explanatory remarks are provided and recommended recordings for clarification of sounds for both singers and those who work with singers.
RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF SWEET POTATOES (Ipomoea batatas) DRYING PROCESS CONDITIONS
Authors:   Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, Emmanuel Adie George
Published: May 2024

The aim was optimization of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) drying process conditions with RSM to obtain high quality product is very vital as improper drying conditions can affect the composition of the dried sweet potatoes and thereby increases the risk of running into deterioration of the nutrient contents of the product and loss. Matured sweet potatoes were processed by washing, peeling and cut into required size. Samples obtained were dried in triplicate using DHG-9101 laboratory drying oven at different temperatures of 60, 65, and 70◦C and time of 480, 540 and 600 minutes at thickness size of 4, 5 and 6 mm by employing Design of Experiment (DOE). Statistical analysis based on central composite design was carried out. The significant factors were identified. The optimum conditions obtained were at a temperature of 60◦C, time of 480 minutes and thickness of 4 mm which resulted in final moisture content of 13.96%. From these results obtained, the use of response surface methodology in drying operation for optimizing sweet potatoes could be used. For further research, higher temperatures at lower drying time could be implemented. Also, other drying methods such as freeze drying and osmotic drying can be explored
ON THE GRAPH REPRESENTATION OF THE 3n + 1 CONJECTURE
Authors:   Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Computer Science, Izmir, Turkiye, Nuriyeva Fidan
Published: May 2024

In this study, a graph (tree) representation of the 3n+1 conjecture has been provided, and some properties of this tree have been demonstrated. These properties allow for a better understanding and interpretation of the results generated by the conjecture’s procedure. By utilizing the graph representation in the Quaternary System, the orbits of numbers can be determined more easily.
Impact Of Walking And The OTAGO Exercise Program On Improving Balance Parameters In The Elderly
Authors:   Sports University of Tirana. Faculty of Physical Activity and Recreation, Çitozi Robert , Xhebexhiu Klajdi ,   Sports University of Tirana. Faculty of Physical Activity and Recreation
Published: May 2024

There will likely be a rise in fall rates as the population ages. This will impact our society and put more strain on healthcare systems by increasing the number of unintentional injuries and injury-related deaths. According to Zijlstra et al. (2007), falls have a significant psychological impact on individuals, frequently leading to diminished confidence, decreased functional activity, deconditioning, and an elevated risk of falls. Estimated costs of fall-related damage to older adults owing to demographic changes in Australia (2003) predict that by 2051, fall-related injuries, which currently account for 5% of the country's overall health budget, would triple and cost the Australian health system about $1,375 million annually. Exercise and other modifications in lifestyle can potentially reduce the risk of many physical falls (Gregg et al., 2000; Sherrington et al., 2011). The current recommendations for physical exercise among older persons, which include elements of aerobic, resistance, and balance training, are not met by many of them. According to Chodzko-Zajko et al. (2009), the American College of Sports Medicine (ASCM) advises older persons to engage in aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and flexibility exercises. People who have mobility issues or are at risk of falling should also engage in certain activities designed to enhance their balance. We determined that the study's subjects would be third-age individuals (over 65) who reside in assisted living facilities located in Tirana's district and city due to the issues that this demographic faces.
Keywords: falls prevention, ageing, nursing home support services, quality of life, older people, walking, OTAGO exercise program, balance, preventive care.
Study On The Influence Of Basic Technical Elements Used In The Modern Game Of Football
Authors:   Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Faculty of Education Physics and Sport, street E. Dragoi, no. 2 Arad, Romania, Dulceanu Corina Ramona , Osser Gyongyi ,   Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Faculty of Education Physics and Sport, street E. Dragoi, no. 2 Arad, Romania, Bitang Andrei ,   Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Faculty of Education Physics and Sport, street E. Dragoi, no. 2 Arad, Romania, Iosif Ilia ,   Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Faculty of Education Physics and Sport, street E. Dragoi, no. 2 Arad, Romania, Herlo Narcis Julien ,   Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Faculty of Education Physics and Sport, street E. Dragoi, no. 2 Arad, Romania, Bulzan Claudiu Octavian ,   Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Faculty of Education Physics and Sport, street E. Dragoi, no. 2 Arad, Romania
Published: May 2024

A social phenomenon and international superstructure is the game of football that forces all participants, respectively all club teams or national schools to compete on equal terms, regardless of geographical area, political systems, religion, color or race, demonstrating that football is international in its specific content. The origins of football go back over 2000 years. In 2004, FIFA recognized China as the birthplace of football. Around 200 BC the Chinese played a similar sport called cuju, the rules evolved, reaching the sport practiced today.
TAX POLICY IN THE WORLD OF SPORT EXEMPLES IN TURKEY, UK, SPANISH, ITALY AND GERMANY
Authors:   University of Siirt School of Physical Education and Sports, Özcan Buşra
Published: May 2024

Taxes are the most important source of revenue the state relies on to maintain public services. The basic objective of our tax system is to collect taxes in a fair and balanced manner, within the framework of the principles set out in the Constitution. Taxes on income make up a large proportion of tax revenues. In this context, salary income is taxed under the Income Tax Act and there are special regulations for the salary of athletes for the promotion of sport. Looking at Turkey's tax system, different methods of taxing athlete fees have been applied at different times. Comparisons with other countries show that in Turkey, the income tax rates applied to athlete salaries are relatively low, causing problems in terms of tax fairness. The study examined the legal regulations on the taxation of athlete fees and the implementation processes of these regulations, as well as proposals for the correction of practices that distort tax fairness.
Keywords: Taxation of Athletes, Sports Benefit, Income Tax, Tax Justice, Wage Revenue, Athlete Pay
Gender Stereotypes and Emotional Self-Disclosure: Predictors of different Emotions in Young Adults
Authors: Hareem Ilyas  , Mahira Ahmad  , *Masha Asad Khan
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the relationship between gender stereotypes and emotional self-disclosurein young adults. It was intended to determine the predictors of different emotions. A self-constructed Demographic Questionnaire; Gender  Typicality Measure(Patterson,2012) and Emotional Self Disclosure Scale (Snell,1990) were administered to measure gender stereotyping and the level of emotional self-disclosure,respectively. The sample comprised of 300 young adults;150 men and 150 women (Mage=21.16,SD=1.84) recruited from two different educational institutes of Lahore. Reliability analysis was run to determine the reliability of the scales used in the study.Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, Multiple hierarchical Regression, independent Samplet Test and Cohen’sd were computed. Results revealed a sign if i cant relationship between gender stereotyping and happiness. Gender, educationan gender stereotyping emerged assign if i cant predictors of happiness and fear. Women man if ested higher emotional disclosure of happiness and fear. The current findings have implications for educational psychologists and for professionals focusing on gender relatedfactors.
Childhood Trauma, Irrational Beliefs and Self-Esteem Among Adult Individuals with Conversion Disorder
Authors: *Rabia Noor Khan  , Syeda Salma Hassan
Published: May 2024

The present study explored the relationship between childhood trauma, irrational beliefs and self-esteem among adult individuals with Conversion Disorder receiving treatment (N=100) at public institutes of Lahore. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein, Ahluvalia, Pogge, & Handelsman, 1997)Irrational Beliefs Inventory (Ellis, 1962), and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) were used. Correlational research design was used. Independent sample t test, multiple linear regression, and Multi Variate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were applied. Results highlighted childhood trauma as a significant predictor of Conversion Disorder. Childhood trauma had significant negative relationshipwith self-esteem. Childhood trauma pertaining to parental rejection wasa negative predictor of low self-esteem. Independent sample t-test showed that the individuals with childhood trauma hadhigher scores on irrational beliefs inventory than the general population. Individuals withchildhood trauma scored high on worrying, problem avoidance, rigidity, demand for approval and emotional irresponsibility than individuals who did not report any experience of trauma.Childhoodtrauma was a significant predictor of Conversion Disorderin adulthood. Individuals with a history of trauma in early childhood reportedlow self-esteem Individuals with childhood trauma scored high on worry subscale of irrational beliefs inventory.
Personality Traits, Religious Faith, Life Satisfaction, and Perceived Stress of Personnel at Executive Positions
Authors: Mehwish Mursaleen
Published: May 2024

The study aimed at finding relationship among personality traits, religious faith, life satisfaction and perceived stress of personnel at executivepositions. Correlational study design was used. One hundred executives from different private sector organizations of Karachi, Pakistan were selected through purposive sampling technique. Big Five Personality Inventory (Rammstedt & John, 2007), Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985), Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983), and Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (Plante et al., 2002) were administered to measure the variables. Pearson product moment correlation and Hierarchical regression analysis indicated significant predictive relationship of personality traits with life satisfaction and perceived stress. Neuroticism was found to bethe only trait causing unique variance in life satisfaction and perceived stress. Further, religious faith significantly contributed an additional variance in life satisfaction and perceived stress however, no mediational role of religious faith was signified. The study findings are of great help to organizational and clinical psychologists in understanding problems of executives in organizational context of Pakistan.
Gender Biases in Professions
Authors: Qudsia Tariq
Published: May 2024

Despite improvements in the positions of women at work Gender biases still exit in professions, some are assigned high and some low status. High status profession usually attracts high pay and status. The aim of this research was to study and identify gender biases in professions. The following hypotheses were formulated; 1- The professions that assigned high status are associated with men as compared to women. 2-The professions that are assigned low status are associated more with women as compared to men. 3-Men are more biased against women than men. 4-Women are more biased against men than men. A sample of 100 men and 100 women professionals and non-professional participants with ages 20-35 years were randomly selected from various institutions of Karachi. In addition to the demographic information collected from the participants, a gender bias Questionnaire was developed by the author to measure the perceived association of gender with different professions. To rate the professions as high or low status alist of 10 professions i.e., physician, lawyer, engineer, architect, psychotherapist, receptionist, secretary, sales person, teacher and librarian was used. This list was prepared from a pool of 35 professions after doing a pilot study to select high and low status professions. The status and gender associated with each profession is rated on a 7 point rating scale. The results showed a strong positive correlation between male gender and high status profession, which provides an evidence for biases, exists for women at work place. The t-test analyses further highlighted that women were biased more against women as compared to men. The study concludes that even though women are entering into various high status professions, the gender discrimination still exists.
Depression in Adolescents in Relation to Gender and Socioeconomic Level
Authors: Tabinda  , Shazia Hasan
Published: May 2024

The aim of the present research was to find out level of depression in relation to gender and socioeconomic level in adolescents. After literature review it was hypothesized that level of depression will be high in girls compared to boys. Second hypothesis was that level of depression will be high in adolescents from lower socioeconomic level as compared to middle socioeconomic level. The matchedgroup design was used. The sample consisted of 60 adolescents (30 boys and 30 girls) with age range from 17-20 years and educational level, intermediate to graduation. They were further divided in two groups (middle and lower socioeconomic status). The data were collected from different colleges of Karachi. Purposive sampling technique was used. After consent taking and rapport development, Reynolds’s Adolescent Depression Scale (Reynolds, 2002) was administered. Girls had higher levels of depression as compared to boys hence supporting the first hypothesis. Whereas the second hypothesis was rejected, as there was no significant difference on the level of depression of adolescents belonging to middle and lower socioeconomic status respectively.
The Effects of Consumer Demographics on Ethnocentricism: A Comparative Study Related to Socioeconomics Status, Age and Gender
Authors: Muhammad Rizwan  , Uzma Ali
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the difference of consumer ethnocentric tendencies according to age, gender and socioeconomic status. The sample consisted of 180 participants: 90 men and 90 women between age range of 18 to 60 years. It was taken from different educational institutions of Karachi. Personal information regarding participant’s age, gender, marital status and socioeconomic class was collected. Consumer Ethnocentric Tendencies scale developed by Shimp & Sharma ( 1987) was usedto determine ethnocentric tendencies of participants. Results showed that the level of ethnocentric tendencies varied according to age and socioeconomic status. However, there was no difference with regard to gender.
Adjustment Problems among Mothers of Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: *Masha Asad Khan  , Ms. Nazia Siddique  , Tahira Jibeen
Published: May 2024

The present study compared adjustment problems in mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with mothers having normal children. 132 mothers (122 mother from main study and 10 mothers from pilot study) of children with ASD (Clinical group, n=66) and mothers with normal children (Normal group, n= 66) were included in study. Mothers of ASD children were recruited from six different institutions for mentally challenged children. Mothers of normal children were taken from six mainstream schools. Data was collected by administering a Demographic Questionnaire, Bell's Adjustment Inventory and Self Report Questionnaires. ACross Sectional Research Design was used. Descriptive statistics, Independent sample t–test was used to analyze the data. Results showed that mothers of children with ASD reported greater Emotional Adjustment Problems, Health Adjustment Problems, and Social Adjustment Problems as compared to normal group. Conversely, there was no difference in mothers on Home Adjustment. These findings have implications for intervention with mothers of children with ASD. Future studies need to focus on maternal counseling that would help in decreasing their adjustment difficulties.
Depression, Anxiety, Coping and Quality of Life among Elderly Living in Old Age Homes and in Family Setup
Authors: *Nadab Parshad  , Amjad Tufail
Published: May 2024

The present study explored differences indepression, anxiety, coping and quality of life between elderly residing in old age homes and within family setup. It was predicted that elderly in old age homes will have higher depression, anxiety and poor quality of life however no difference on coping was predicted betweenthe two groups. A sample of 120 elderly: 60 from old age homes and 60 from family setup participated. The measures used were: Pakistan Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire, Brief COPE Inventory and World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using Independentsample t-test. Results revealed high scores on depression, anxiety and quality of life among elderlyresidingin old age homes compared to elderly living with their families. Moreover, elderly living in old age home used more of maladaptive coping and elderly living with families used more of adaptive copingstrategies.
Childhood Abuse, Neglect and Personality Disorders in Drug Users
Authors: *Afreen Komal  , Hafsa Chandni Rizwan  , Faiza Safdar
Published: May 2024

The aim of the present study was to seek relationship between childhood abuse, neglect and personality disorder in drug users. It was hypothesized that (1) there is likely to be a relationship between childhood neglect and personality disorder, (2) childhood neglect and abuse is likely to predict personality disorders in drug users. The data was comprised ofN=50 participants (male) taken from different teaching hospitals of Lahore; Mayo Hospital Lahore, Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore, Punjab Institute of Mental Health and Fountain House. The data was collected with the help of Demographic Questionnaire, Childhood Abuse and Neglect Questionnaire (Sitwat &Yousaf, 2010) and Comprehensive Diagnostic Instrument for Personality Disorder (CDIP) (Dawood & Khan, 2010). Pearson Product Moment was employed to find out the correlation between childhood abuse, neglect and personality disorders. Stepwise Regression analysis was done to see predictors of personality disorders. The results of Pearson product moment correlation among study variables revealed that emotional abuse and neglectwas significantly and positively related with schizoid personality disorder, whereas sexual abuse and neglect was found significantly and positively related to the narcissistic personality disorder.Results of regression analysis revealed that sexual abuse and neglect was the only variable which significantly predicting narcissistic personality disorder,whereas emotional abuse and neglect was found significant predictor ofschizoid personality disorder.
Childhood Abuse and Psychological Well-being of Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Rabia Farooq  , Faiza Safdar
Published: May 2024

The aim of the present study was to find the relationship between reported childhood abuse history and symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder. The data was comprised of 60 participants (men=43, women=17) taken from different teaching hospitals of Lahore; Mayo Hospital Lahore, Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore, Punjab Institute of Mental Health and Fountain House. The data was collected with the help of Demographic Questionnaire, Childhood Relation of Abuse Questionnaire (Bifulco & Brown et al., 1994), Wellbeing Affectometer-2 (Kamman & Flett, 1983) and Comprehensive Diagnostic Instrument for Personality Disorder (CDIP) (Dawood & Khan, 2010). Pearson product moment was employed to find the correlation between childhood abuse, Psychological Wellbeing and symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder. Results showed significant positive relationship between symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder and history of Childhood Abuse; with Punishment and Father Antipathy. There was a significant negative relationship among the scales of Childhood Abuse; Sexual Abuse, Father Antipathy and Wellbeing Affectometer-2 Scale-I. The scales of Father Neglect and Father Antipathy had significant negative relation with the Wellbeing Affectometer-2 Scale-II. The symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder had significant positive correlation with Wellbeing Affectometer-2 Scale-II.
PRO-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR IN RELATION TO NARCISSIM AND SPIRITUALITY AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Naeem Jan  , Summaira Naz  , *Amir Zeb Khan  , Muhammad Ilyas Khan
Published: May 2024

The current study explored pro-social behavior in relation to narcissism and spirituality among university students. The study also explored differences on the basis of different demographic variables i.e., ageand gender. The sample comprised of 300 university students (n=150, n =150) from a university in Pakistan, using convenience sampling technique. The assessment tools for datacollection werePro-social tendencies measure (PTM), Spirituality index of wellbeing (SIW), and Narcissism personality inventory (NPI). To find out the relationship of pro-social behavior with narcissism and spirituality, Pearson product moment correlation was computed. The resultindicatedsignificant positive relationship between PTMand SIW, whereas negative relationship between narcissism and spiritualitywas found.t-test was applied on data in order to view the difference between pro-social behavior, narcissismand spirituality on the basis of gender among university studentswhichwas indicatedsignificant.The association between age and the three study variable (PTM, SIW and NPI) was found to be significantly positive. This study will be implacable for the psychologist working on personality development and in the field of positive and social psychology.
RELIGIOSITY SOCIAL SUPPORT AND DISTRESS IN MISCARRIAGE
Authors: *Tehreem Arshad  , Nayab Hafeez
Published: May 2024

The present researchwasconducted to find outdistress in women with miscarriage and its relationshipwith religious rituals, spiritualand social support. Itwas hypothesized that social support, spiritual support, religiosity and number of miscarriages will likely to predict distress in miscarrying women. Correlatioal researchdesign was employed.Sample selected 100 participantsdivided in two groups,50 participants eachgroupusing purposive sampling.Sample was taken from two different hospitals of Lahore.Both groups were matched on age, education, income level, occupation, family system and numberof children.Demographicquestionnaire, Religious activity scale (RAS: Sitwat, 2005),Spiritual support scale (SSS; Maton, 1989),Multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS; Zimet et al., 1988)and Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977)were employed to assess religious activities,beliefs,social support and level of distress in miscarriage. Findings depictedthat Social support, spiritual and number of miscarriages isrelated to distress in miscarrying women. Number of miscarriages and social support emerged as significant predictors of distress in miscarrying women. Religious activities and spiritual support were not significantly associatedwith the level of distress.
RESILIENCE, PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AND LOCUS OF CONTROL IN MOTHERS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM VS THOSE HAVING NORMAL CHILDREN
Authors: *Masha Asad Khan  , Rabeea Kamran  , Samar Ashraf
Published: May 2024

The present study compared resilience, perceived social support and locus of control among mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and normal children. Comparative research design was used. Through purposive sampling, data werecollected from 200 mothers, having ASD (n=100) and normal (n=100) children. Children’s ageranged between 3-12 years (M=6.6;SD=2.4), 78%of the children were first born males. Participants were assessed through Resilience scale(Wagnild & Young,1993), Themultidimensional scale of perceived social support(Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet,& Farley, 1988), Locus of control scale(Rotter, 1966)and Demographic information sheet. The results showedsignificant differencesin resilience and locus of control inmothers of children with ASD and normal children. However, resilience and perceived social supportshowed non-significantdifferenceinboth groups. Results also showedsignificant relationship was foundbetween resilience and social support in both groups. These findings have clear implications for intervention for mothers of Children with ASDespecially through cognitive behaviouralmanagement. Future studies need to focus on parental counsellingespecially regarding the future plans of the child in the long term.
AN INCEST CASE STUDY: SUFFERING FROM PTSD
Authors: *Nayab Ali  , Humaira Naz
Published: May 2024

People who suffer from childhood sexual abusehave a tendency to later develop post-traumatic stress disorder. They may re-experience the traumatic eventand associated psychological distress, avoid talking about traumatic event, experience low self-worth,andinability to makehealthy relationships. They mayfeel guiltabout the trauma. This article illustrates how a survivor of childhood sexual abuse learned to manage her intrusive symptoms of post-traumatic stress and re-structuredabuse related beliefs and schemas. The present case is an attempt to providetherapeutic intervention to a 20 years old girl who suffered from childhood sexual abuse. The patient came to Center for Clinical Psychology(CCP), University of the Punjab with the complaints of hyper-ventilation, vertigo, blindness and immobility of body upon recalling her childhood traumatic events fromthe last 2 months. It was hypothesized that methodof Imagery Re-scripting(Smucker, Dancu, Foa, &Niederee, 1995) wouldalter patient’s dysfunctional abuse related beliefssuch as feelings of victimizationand powerlessness into empowerment. In the present case study, ABA research design was used. At the first stage (A), psychological assessment was carried outand the patient was diagnosed according to DSM-Vwith Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In the treatment phase (B), the patient was treated withImagery Re-scriptingwhich involves Imaginal exposure and Re-scriptingprocess. A total of 8 sessions were conducted over a period of 2 months. Post assessment (Stage A) showed thattechnique of imagery re-scripting proved to bean effective method for the patientssuffering from PTSD.
SELF-ESTEEM AND SELF-EFFICACY AMONG NEWSCASTERS AND NEWS REPORTERS
Authors: *Sumaira Iqbal  , Saira Maqsood
Published: May 2024

The present study aimedto investigaterelationship between self-esteem and self-efficacy among news casters and news reporters and to compare both groups in self-esteemand self-efficacy. It was hypothesized that 1) there is likely to be a relationship between self-esteem and self-efficacy innewscasters and news reporters, 2) there is likely to be a difference in self-esteem and self-efficacy among newscasters and news reporters and 3) self-esteem is likely to predict self-efficacy in newscasters and news reporters. It was correlational with cross-sectional research design. The sample comprised of 100 participants (50= News-Casters; 50= News Reporters)of age range 25-45 years (M=25,SD=79, News-Casters; M= 25, SD=33.3, News Reporters) from different news rooms and print mediaoffices. Rosenberg self-esteem scale (Rosenberg, 1965) and General self-efficacy scale (Schwarzer, 1981) were used to collect data. The results of Pearson Product Moment Correlation showed significant positive relationship between self-esteem and self-efficacy in newscasters and news reporters. The results of independent sample t-test showed non-significant difference innews casters and news reporters regarding self-esteem and self-efficacy. Further, Results of regression analysis showed that self-esteem positively predicts the self-efficacy in news casters and news reporters. Results have important implications for newscasters and news reporters to manage their self-esteem and self-efficacy in order to enhance their self-imageand job performance.Keywords. Self-esteem, Self-efficacy, Newscasters, News Reporters, Self-image, Job Performance.Self-esteem is defined as “global feelings of self-worth, or a generalized feeling of self-acceptance, goodness, worthiness, and self-respect” (Crocker & Major, 1989).It is additionally characterized as "judgment one makes about their self-idea (McEachron, 1993). "Mental self-portrait" states to the qualities single has (McEachron,
Disordered Eating Patterns and Body Image Perception in Athletes and Non-Athletes Students
Authors: Huma Hassan  , Omama Tariq
Published: May 2024

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between body image perception and eating patterns in athletes and non athletes. The study also aimed to explore the gender difference of eating patterns and body image perception in athletes and non-athletes. The cross-sectional research design and purposive sampling technique were used in this research. The sample size of the study was 160 (80 athletes and 80 non-athletes) students. Data were gathered from different institutes of Lahore that included University of the Punjab, Govt. College University, and University of the Lahore. Exclusion and inclusion criteria were selected. Research measures were used to assess the study variables i.e. eating patterns were measured by Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ; Strien, 2002) and body image perception was assessed by Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-16; Evans, 1993). Independent sample t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that non-athletes students have more disordered eating patterns than athletes. On the other hand, no difference was observed in the body image perception in athletes and non-athletes. Results showed positive correlation between disordered eating patterns and body image perception in athletes and non- athletes students. No gender differences were found between the disordered eating patterns and body image perception in athletes and non- athletes. The findings of the study have important implications for athlete and non-athlete adults and highlight the importance of counseling for students which inturn may help improve their eating patterns and perception regarding their body.
Efficacy of Behavior Therapy and Parent Management Training in Treating Schizophreniform Disorder
Authors: Nuzhat-ul-Ain  , Najma Badar
Published: May 2024

This case study describes the management of Schizophreniform Disorder in a 16 year old adolescent male, an inpatient at the Psychiatry Department of the Services Hospital, Lahore. The intervention was comprised of different strategies of Behavior Therapy and Parent Management Training. The treatment comprised of 19 sessions with duration of 45 minutes. The treatment was done for over a period of 3 months. The patient was referred to clinical psychologist and accompanied by his mother with the complaints of anger issues, physical aggression towards the mother, stubbornness, abusive language, suspiciousness towards the mother, hiding belongings of other family members and hoarding them in his room, not leave his room for the last 2-3 months, inappropriate association and interaction with a pet cat, poor self-care and medical non-compliance. Assessment was done on the basis of diagnostic criteria in DSM-5 and Brief Psychotic Rating Scale (BPRS). The patient was diagnosed with 295.40 (F20.81) Schizophreniform Disorder without good prognostic features. It was hypothesized that Behavior Therapy would reduce the behavioral complaints (anger, stubbornness, hoarding things, not leaving the room, inappropriate interaction with pet cat, poor self-care and medicine non-adherence). Moreover, Parent Management Training would help in resolving familial issues which could be contributing factors towards the patient‟s illness. ABA research design was employed. In phase-A, psychological assessment was conducted. The current case srudy was conceptualized by Zubin and Spring (1977) Stress Vulnerability Model. During Phase B, the treatment phase, Mr. X was treated by using Behavior Therapy, while his mother was offered Parent Management Training. Comparison of pre and post treatment assessment showed marked decrease in the severity and duration of symptoms of the patient. It concluded that Behavior Therapy and Parent Management Training simultaneously were effective for treatment of the symptoms of schizophreniform disorder.
Resilience and Psychological Wellbeing in University Hostelites
Authors: Rabia Dasti  , *Nuzhat-ul-Ain  , Noor Zainab  , Nayab Rashid  , Sana Asif  , Fareeha Kanwal  , Anam Tahir
Published: May 2024

The present study aimed to examine the relationship between resilience and psychological wellbeing in university women hostelites. Correlational research strategy was used in the study. One hundred and eleven women hostelites (N=111) from different hostels of Punjab University were included in the study. Socio-demographic form, State and Trait Resilience Scale and Ryff Scale of Psychological Well- Being were used for assessment. Descriptive analysis revealed food and cleanliness as major problems while internet and interference or any conflicts with roommates were reported as minor issues. Regarding solutions the most popular highlighted responses were „no solution‟, „ignoring‟ and „talking to the Warden‟. Talking to friends or going home at weekends were the least mentioned solutions. Most of the hostelites students reported satisfactory relationships with roommates, warden, and superintendent. Pearson Product Moment Analysis revealed significant positive relationship between resilience and psychological well-being. Trait resilience significantly and positively predicted psychological well-being (autonomy, environmental mastery and self-acceptance). The study can help to determine resilience promoting factors which would also enhance psychological wellbeing of hostelite students.
Personality Dimensions & Functional Impairment in Massively Multiplayer Online Players (MMOs’) and Non Massively Multiplayer Online Players (Non-MMO’s)
Authors: Verda Zahid  , Tehreem Arshad
Published: May 2024

The present study was conducted to investigate various dimensions of personality and functional impairment in Massively Multiplayer Online Players and Non Massively Multiplayer Online Players. For this purpose a between group, research design was employed. A sample of 90 participants (45 MMO‟s and 45 Non-MMO‟s) was collected from various gaming zones in Lahore. Young‟s (1998) Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet addiction was used as a screening tool. Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI; Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975) was administered to assess personality dimension; and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (Mataix-Col et al., 2005) was used to assess functional impairment. Results depicted no difference in personality dimensions and functional impairment in MMOs and non- MMOs. Significant difference was found in number of playing games in MMOs and Non- MMOs. MMOs play less number of games as compared to Non-MMOs. No significant relationship was found in personality dimensions and functional impairment in non-MMOs. Moreover, negative relationship between extraversion and lie scale (sub-scale of Eysenck Personality Inventory) reveals that an extrovert participant would score less on lie scale.
The daylight almanac of Indian households: a case of Ahmedabad
Authors:   CEPT University, Ahmedabad, India, Agarwal Minu
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study is to assess the daylight access levels (vertical illuminance) in Indian homes. Daylight access levels in an occupied space on a given day are dependent on three main factors, the prevailing weather conditions, the design of the home, and occupant behavior. This study aims to isolate the effect of occupant interventions that result in lowering the daylight levels inside the home. The occupants may intervene intentionally or unconventionality in ways such as using curtains, hanging laundry, putting up screens, adding plants to balconies, furniture placement, and infrequent cleaning of windows. In this study, these are treated as occupant behavior traits that may impede daylight access. 12 homes in Ahmadabad (hot and dry climate) were monitored for a week each (data logged at 15-minute intervals, October 2022- Jan 2023) for daylight levels received in the living room. The use of electric lighting and activities being carried out by occupants were also monitored. The ideal potential of the home to provide daylight access, if no occupant interventions were present, is estimated using computer simulation. The frequency and duration of occupant interventions are estimated by running correlation tests between prevailing weather and indoor daylight levels.
Balancing carbon emissions and comfort: a comparative study of envelope materials in affordable housing projects
Authors:   CEPT university, Ahmedabad, India, Tripathi Awatans , Rawal Rajan ,   Centre for Advanced Research in Building Science and Energy, CRDF, Ahmedabad, India
Published: May 2024

This study presents a comparative analysis of carbon emissions and thermal comfort in an Indian affordable housing project, employing two envelope materials: EPS core technology and brick-and-mortar construction. The study quantifies embodied and operational emissions through life cycle analysis to establish an emissions- thermal comfort trade-off. Focused on the Bureau of Energy Efficiency design under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana 2022 scheme in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, the study addresses the pressing need to track carbon emissions in this sector. Buildings contribute 39% of energy-related carbon emissions, gaining significance due to urbanisation and affordable housing projects. The study highlights a significant 10.16% reduction in operational carbon for EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) core technology compared to a brick wall assembly construction, driven by its superior thermal performance. But this comes at a cost of a much higher embodied carbon value. Despite higher embodied carbon, EPS achieves heightened comfort with fewer operational emissions over 50 years. Findings underscore the relationship between environmental impact, comfort congruence, and emissions. Results hold location-specific importance for informed decisions in diverse urban contexts across India.
Development of a Comfort Rating Method for Australia’s Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) – Darwin Houses Case Study
Authors:   Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Melbourne, Australia, Sadeghi Mahsan ,   NHMRC Centre for Air pollution, energy, and health Research (CAR), Sydney, Australia, Williamson Terence ,   School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, Miller Wendy ,   School of Architecture and Built Environment, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, Kieboom Johanna ,   Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Logistics, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Australia, Chen Dong ,   Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Melbourne, Australia,   NHMRC Centre for Air pollution, energy, and health Research (CAR), Sydney, Australia
Published: May 2024

In the face of escalating global temperatures and extreme climate challenges, this study addresses the pressing concern of overheating within homes by introducing a new Comfort Rating Method. Our approach presents a departure from conventional norms in the domain of thermal comfort modelling by incorporating the Effective Temperature index (ET*), which considers not only air and mean radiant temperature but also humidity, essential for holistic comfort assessment. Moreover, we extend our model to account for indoor air movement, a significant contributor to comfort in tropical environments. This method has been embedded in AccuRate, the benchmark software for Australia's Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) and validated against real-world data from an extensive Darwin thermal comfort field study. The new comfort calculation method was applied to examine 1,043 dwellings from Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)'s Australian House Data (AHD) sets. We proposed a 10 comfort bands, providing a framework for evaluating comfort in residential settings. This research not only advances thermal comfort knowledge but also offers architects, designers, and stakeholders a tool to create climate-sensitive, resilient residential buildings. While this study focuses on Darwin only, future research can adapt this method to various extreme climates, refining its model based on regional nuances.
Assessing the integration of building science in higher education curricula: implications for climate change adaptation in the built environment
Authors:   VNIT Nagpur, Nagpur, India, Kotharkar Rajashree , Sarda Riddhi ,   VNIT Nagpur, Nagpur, India, Deshpande Roopal ,   SMMCA Nagpur, Nagpur, India
Published: May 2024

This study critically examines the readiness of professionals in India to address the consequences of climate change. With a focus on architecture education, 15 institutes offering undergraduate courses were identified. The study solely assesses course syllabi on crucial building science topics related to climate change adaptation. The alignment of building science with the model curriculum guidelines provided by COA is also examined. The findings reveal certain building science topics are present in the syllabi only in a fundamental manner. However, there are gaps in in-depth coverage, integration with design studios, and practical skill development. The implications of these findings highlight the need for curriculum enhancements in architecture education, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of building science principles and their application in addressing climate change challenges. The study's application extends to guiding higher education institutions in revising their curricula to align with the urgent climate change impacts. Future research directions involve qualitative analyses and cross-country comparisons to enrich the discourse on integrating building science principles and climate adaptation into architecture education.