bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Task Scheduling based on Burst Time Requirement for Cloud Environment
Authors: Tom Linz , V.R. Bindu
Published: October 2021

Cloud computing has an indispensable role in the modern digital scenario. The fundamental challenge of cloud systems is to accommodate user requirements which keep on varying. This dynamic cloud environment demands the necessity of complex algorithms to resolve the trouble of task allotment. The overall performance of cloud systems is rooted in the efficiency of task scheduling algorithms. The dynamic property of cloud systems makes it challenging to find an optimal solution satisfying all the evaluation metrics. The new approach is formulated on the Round Robin and the Shortest Job First algorithms. The Round Robin method reduces starvation, and the Shortest Job First decreases the average waiting time. In this work, the advantages of both algorithms are incorporated to improve the makespan of user tasks.
The 5 Dimensions of Problem Solving using Dinna: Case Study in the Electronics Industry
Authors: Hamoumi Mohammed , Haddout Abdellah , Benhadou Mariam
Published: October 2021

Based on the principle that perfection is a divine criterion, process management exists on the one hand to achieve excellence (near perfection) and on the other hand to avoid imperfection. In other words, Operational Excellence (EO) is one of the approaches, when used rigorously, aims to maximize performance. Therefore, the mastery of problem solving remains necessary to achieve such performance level. There are many tools that we can use whether in continuous improvement for the resolution of chronic problems (KAIZEN, DMAIC, Lean six sigma…) or in resolution of sporadic defects (8D, PDCA, QRQC ...). However, these methodologies often use the same basic tools (Ishikawa diagram, 5 why, tree of causes…) to identify potential causes and root causes. This result in three levels of causes: occurrence, no detection and system. The research presents the development of DINNA diagram [1] as an effective and efficient process that links the Ishikawa diagram and the 5 why method to identify the root causes and avoid recurrence. The ultimate objective is to achieve the same result if two working groups with similar skills analyse the same problem separately, to achieve this, the consistent application of a robust methodology is required. Therefore, we are talking about 5 dimensions; occurrence, non-detection, system, effectiveness and efficiency. As such, the paper offers a solution that is both effective and efficient to help practitioners of industrial problem solving avoid missing the real root cause and save costs following a wrong decision.
Trust in the Adoption of Internet of Things for Smart Agriculture in Developing Countries
Authors: Zengeya Tsitsi , Sambo Paul , Mabika Nyasha
Published: October 2021

Trust in online environments is based on beliefs in the trustworthiness of a trustee, which is composed of three distinct dimensions - integrity, ability, and benevolence. Zimbabwe has slowly adopted Internet of Things for smart agriculture as a way of improving on food security in the country, though there is hesitancy by most farmers citing trust issues as monitoring of crops, animals and farm equipment’s would be done online through connecting several devices and accessing data. Farmers are facing difficulties in trusting that the said technology has the ability to perform as expected in a specific situation or to complete a required task, i.e. if the technology will work consistently and reliably in monitoring the environment, nutrients, temperatures and equipment status. The integrity of the collected data as it will be used for decision making. There is a growing need to determine how trust in the technology influence the adoption of IoT for smart agriculture in Zimbabwe. The mixed methodology was used to gather data from 50 A2 model farmers randomly sampled in Zimbabwe. The findings revealed that McKnight etal. trust in technology model can be used to influence the adoption of IoT through trusting that the technology will be reliable and will operate as expected.Additional constructs such as security and distrust of technology can be used as reference for future research.
A Path Analytical Model on Factors with the Implementation of Civic Education Curriculum among Teachers in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Anagbogu  , Effa German , Ofoegbu  , Uzodinma Jude , Ovat  , Victor Sylvia , Owor Owor Effiom
Published: October 2021

The height of moral decadence of adolescent is a worrying development that may degenerate to uncontrolled situation if not checked. The crime rate and other civic problems in the society cannot be clearly linked to any particular cause, hence, the need to explore the underlying principle behind this horrible fashion. This problem prompts this study on factors with teachers’ implementation of civic education curriculum in secondary schools in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study adopted cross sectional survey design approach. A total number of all the 510 civic education teachers in public Secondary Schools in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State in 2019/2020 academic session were used for the study. A self-developed 60-item Questionnaire was used for data collection. The data analysis was subjected to Structural Equation Modeling using Analysis of MOment of Structure to generate a path analytical model and data analysis at .05 level of significance. The result revealed that there were significant direct predictive effects between teacher’s supervision, teacher’s knowledge of subject matter and teachers’ attitude and the implementation of civic education curriculum. It was recommended among others that teachers should advance their knowledge by enrolling further in academic programmes as well as engage in in-service training to update their knowledge for a better academic outcome of the students.
Preparing Student Teachers to Teach with Technology: Case Studies in Finland and Israel
Authors: Goldstein Olzan , Ropo Eero
Published: October 2021

This quantitative study examines the training of student teachers for ICT-based teaching in two teacher education institution, in Israel and Finland. The data was collected in 2015-2017 using a questionnaire administered to 41 Finnish and 44 Israeli student teachers. The results show that most student teachers had practice in ICT-based teaching. However, about a third of student teachers in both institutions practiced only two times or less using ICT. Those who practiced mostly used a teacher-centred approach as did their college and school mentor teachers who integrated ICT in their lessons. The variable describing competency in ICT-based teaching correlated with student teachers' attitudes, the number of ICT-based lessons they taught, modelling by the school mentor teacher, and the various schools’ infrastructures and support. The results show that students in Israeli institutions are better prepared to teach with ICT which can be explained by the impact of the latest national reforms. We conclude that students' perception of their TPACK is the function of a variety of factors: on a personal level (attitudes towards the contribution of ICT to teaching and learning); on an institutional level (curriculum, modelling by faculty, institutional strategies); on a field practice school level (modelling by school mentors, infrastructure, pedagogical, technological, and administrative support); and on a national level (reforms and their implementation models). All these factors must be considered to promote the pedagogically innovative integration of ICT in teacher training and the overall education system. The best strategy to achieve this goal is to support collaboration between TEIs and schools on the national level. Wide-scale implementation of ICT in teaching demands significant investments in infrastructure and training. Hence much of its success depends on the national vision and priorities given to this purpose.
Challenges for Public Sector Organisations in Cloud Adoption: A Case Study of South Australian Public Sector Agency
Authors: Mirza Yaser
Published: October 2021

This research explores critical aspects of procurement of ICT cloud services for South Australian public sector organisations with the case of South Australia Police (SAPOL) for evaluation. SAPOL as one of the state government agencies at the time is initiating this transition to the cloud environment. This exploratory research takes place when this public sector agency is doing its due diligence to ensure a successful implementation. In this study the researcher started off with surfacing the challenges in this journey for a public sector organisation before the actual journey commenced. SAPOL being a public sector organisation operates differently from private enterprises and has certain constraints and limitations that pose additional challenges for the organisation to transition towards the cloud. Interview with the CIO of the organisation responsible for the cloud migration initiative was organised. After detailed literature review, an interview questionnaire was prepared in accordance with the subject of interest. The information gathered in the interviews was recorded for detailed analysis. This paper contains a detailed report on the information analysed highlighting fourteen important challenges faced by the organisation in this cloud migration journey.
Evaluation of a Blockchain-Enabled Resource Management Mechanism for NGNs
Authors: Xevgenis Michael , G. Kogias Dimitrios , Christidis Ioannis , Patrikakis Charalampos , C. Leligou Helen
Published: October 2021

A new era in ICT has begun with the evolution of Next Generation Networks (NGNs) and the development of human-centric applications. Ultra-low latency, high throughput, and high availability are a few of the main characteristics of modern networks. Network Providers (NPs) are responsible for the development and maintenance of network infrastructures ready to support the most demanding applications that should be available not only in urban areas but in every corner of the earth. The NP’s must collaborate to offer high- quality services and keep their overall cost low. The collaboration among competitive entities can in principle be regulated by a trusted 3rd party or by a distributed approach/technology which can guarantee integrity, security, and trust. This paper examines the use of blockchain technology for resource management and negotiation among NPs and presents the results of experiments conducted in a dedicated real testbed. The implementation of the resource management mechanism is described in a Smart Contract (SC) and the testbeds use the Raft and the IBFT consensus mechanisms respectively. The goal of this paper is two-fold: to assess its performance in terms of transaction throughput and latency so that we can assess the granularity at which this solution can operate (e.g. support resource re-allocation among NPs on micro-service level or not) and define implementation-specific parameters like the consensus mechanism that is the most suitable for this use case based on performance metrics.
A Framework for Aspectual Requirements Validation: an Experimental Study
Authors: M. Maatuk Abdelsalam , F. Alshareef Sohil , M. Abdelaziz Tawfig
Published: October 2021

Requirements engineering is a discipline of software engineering that is concerned with the identification and handling of user and system requirements. Aspect-Oriented Requirements Engineering (AORE) extends the existing requirements engineering approaches to cope with the issue of tangling and scattering resulted from crosscutting concerns. Crosscutting concerns are considered as potential aspects and can lead to the phenomena “tyranny of the dominant decomposition”. Requirements-level aspects are responsible for producing scattered and tangled descriptions of requirements in the requirements document. Validation of requirements artefacts is an essential task in software development. This task ensures that requirements are correct and valid in terms of completeness and consistency, hence, reducing the development cost, maintenance and establish an approximately correct estimate of effort and completion time of the project. In this paper, we present a validation framework to validate the aspectual requirements and the crosscutting relationship of concerns that are resulted from the requirements engineering phase. The proposed framework comprises a high-level and low-level validation to implement on software requirements specification (SRS). The high-level validation validates the concerns with stakeholders, whereas the low-level validation validates the aspectual requirement by requirements engineers and analysts using a checklist. The approach has been evaluated using an experimental study on two AORE approaches. The approaches are viewpoint-based called AORE with ArCaDe and lexical analysis based on Theme/Doc approach. The results obtained from the study demonstrate that the proposed framework is an effective validation model for AORE artefacts.
Properties of a Feature in Code-Assets: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Zango Umar Armaya’u , Lee Jaejoon
Published: October 2021

Software product line engineering is a paradigm for developing a family of software products from a repository of reusable assets rather than developing each individual product from scratch. In featureoriented software product line engineering, the common and the variable characteristics of the products are expressed in terms of features. Using software product line engineering approach, software products are produced en masse by means of two engineering phases: (i) Domain Engineering and, (ii) Application Engineering. At the domain engineering phase, reusable assets are developed with variation points where variant features may be bound for each of the diverse products. At the application engineering phase, individual and customized products are developed from the reusable assets. Ideally, the reusable assets should be adaptable with less effort to support additional variations (features) that were not planned beforehand in order to increase the usage context of SPL as a result of expanding markets or when a new usage context of software product line emerges. This paper presents an exploration research to investigate the properties of features, in the code-asset implemented using Object-Oriented Programming Style. In the exploration, we observed that program elements of disparate features formed unions as well as intersections that may affect modifiability of the code-assets. The implication of this research to practice is that an unstable product line and with the tendency of emerging variations should aim for techniques that limit the number of intersections between program elements of different features. Similarly, the implication of the observation to research is that there should be subsequent investigations using multiple case studies in different software domains and programming styles to improve the understanding of the findings.
Studying adsorption of methylene blue onto chitosan – mangetite composite
Authors: Bui Minh Quy  , Do Thi Oanh  , Nguyen Dinh Vinh  , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Linh  , Nguyen Thi Hong Hoa  , Vu Quang Tung
Published: October 2021

The chitosan/mangetite composite in the mass ratio chitosan:mangetite of 9:1 (CM91) was synthesised by co-precipitation method. The characteristics of the chitosan/mangetite composite was estimated by X-ray diffraction method (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy techniques (SEM). The methylene blue adsorption ability onto CM91 composite was well at value pH 9, equilibrium contact time of 20 minutes. The experimental adsorption data fitted into pseudo–Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. The adsorption followed pseudo-second order kinetic model very well. The maximum adsorption capacity of that composite which caculated by Langmuir equation was 94,18 mg/g.
Synthesis of CuO nanosheets via hydrothermal method
Authors: Nguyen Le My Linh  , Bach Thi Kim Hieu
Published: October 2021

In this paper, CuO nanosheets were successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The synthesized CuO nanosheets were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) surface area analysis (BET). Several factors influencing the synthesis of material such as concentration of NaOH, hydrothermal temperature and hydrothermal time were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation reveals that CuO nanosheets have the length of about 500 - 1000 nm. N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm experiment shows that the BET speciﬁc surface area of obtained CuO nanosheets is 12.78 m2/g.
Study on photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by TiO2 synthesiszed from titanium slag using a new decomposition agent
Authors: Tran Van Chinh  , Tran Thi Hien Anh  , Ha Thi Cam Tu  , Hoai Viet Truong  , Nguyen Thi Hoai Phuong  , Ho Phuong Hien  , La Duc Duong
Published: October 2021

This paper describes a novel process for the synthesis of TiO2 from titanium slag, which is realized via roasting titanium slag with KHSO4, acid leaching and hydrolysis. The results showed that the optimum conditions were a mass ratio of KHSO4 to titanium slag of 6, a temperature of 600 oC for 1,5 hours. Besides, this study investigated the possibility of synthesized TiO2 for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue.
PtRu, PtRuFe and PtRuNi alloy electrocatalysts decorated on composite support C-MWCNTs for direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Dang Long Quan  , Nguyen Minh An  , Thach Phuc Vinh  , Nguyen Thi Thanh Ngan  , Khuu Lil Owin  , Le Phuong Niem  , Do Cam Tu  , Vu Xuan Truong  , Le Huu Phuoc
Published: October 2021

In this work, carbon Vulcan XC-72 (C) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) supported ternary platinum-ruthenium-iron (PtRuFe) and platinum-ruthenium-nickel (PtRuNi) alloy nanoparticles have been synthesized by a co-reduction method. The catalyst samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results show that ternary alloy catalysts are always better than binary alloy catalysts. In particular, PtRuNi is the best catalyst for methanol oxidation reaction.
Synthesis of TiO2 and ZrO2 nanomaterials for the degradation of nerve agent simulants
Authors: Le Van Dung  , Dang Tuyet Phuong  , Nguyen Duy Trinh  , Nguyen Ba Manh
Published: October 2021

TiO2 and ZrO2 nanomaterials were successfully synthesized by sol gel method. Samples were characterized by X-ray difraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 adsorption–desorption, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),  SEM images and TEM images of TiO2 and ZrO2 samples showed the particle size of 10–20 nm. The results have revealed highly porous structure of ZrO2 and TiO2 nanomaterials with specific surface area of 116 m2g-1 and 125 m2g-1, respectively. The TiO2 and ZrO2 materials were used as the degradation of dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (DMNP) chemical warfare agent emulator. The ZrO2 nanomaterial exhibited highly catalytic performance of DMNP degradation and the conversion reached to the value of 90.64 %, after 120 min of reaction.
Synthesis and characterization of Au, Pt supported on graphene aerogel catalysts for CO oxidation at low temperature
Authors: Phan Thi Chuyen  , Tran Thi Thanh Hang  , Pham Nam Phong  , Vu Thi Thu Ha
Published: October 2021

Au, Pt supported on graphene aerogel catalysts (PtAu/rGOA) with molar ratio of Pt and Au of 1:1, and total metal concentration of 5 % were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method.  The obtained catalysts were characterized by Raman, XRD, XPS, HR-TEM, BET. It revealed that Au and Pt nanoparticles with average size of 3 – 5 nm were highly dispersed on aerogel graphene. The activity of these catalysts was tested  in CO oxidation. The results showed that the conversion of CO at ambient temperature was 100% during 25 minutes. Accordingly, PtAu/rGOA could be considered as a potential catalysts for CO oxidation at low temperature.
INDIVIDUAL AND STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS OF INTRINSIC WORK PREFERENCE AMONG FEMALE PUBLIC SERVANTS IN PAKISTAN
Authors: FAISAL FARIDA , KHAN MUBBSHER MUNAWAR
Published: October 2021

Gender equality in public sector organizations of Pakistan can be sustained by utilizing women’s productive potential, which in turn depends on their work preference. There is a substantial body of literature which establishes a strong linkage between different dimensions of work preference, and demographic and organizational variables. In this paper, the impact of individual and organizational characteristics of Pakistani female public servants, on their intrinsic work preference is thoroughly examined. Cross tabulation shows that compared to the married personnel, unmarried personnel have a greater desire to work outside the home as they find it easier to avoid work-family conflict. ANOVA results reveal relatively less work drive among personnel working in administrative units compared to the teaching and medical professionals. Findings from Regression Analysis underscore positive relationship between personnel’s job preference and quality of the work environment. It is recommended that counseling of female personnel, close to the time they decide to get married, should be an integral part of gender mainstreaming programs. Women who work in non-traditional sectors and senior personnel must receive special encouragement. Monetary incentives must be given to boost the morale of workers in the lower income category.
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIAN SMEs: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) SUPPORT AND STRATEGY AS PLAN
Authors: Soon Tan Thai , Zainol Fakhrul Anwar
Published: October 2021

This research study demonstrates the important of the knowledge creation process. It helps to demonstrate that knowledge management enablers, including IT-support and Strategy as Plan can promote organizational creativity and thus organizational performance. Further, the findings on the new factor, Strategy as Plan, show that it is positively related to knowledge creation. Strategy as Plan can therefore be regarded as an integral part of knowledge creation. This reaffirms Glueck’s (1980, p.9) views of strategy as “a unified, comprehensive, and integrated plan…. designed to ensure that the basic objectives of the enterprise are achieved”. Therefore it can be argued that the best path for Malaysian SMEs to achieve organizational performance is through organizational creativity achieved through a knowledge creation process that involves knowledge enablers.
ASSESSING STRATEGIC TYPOLOGY AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE IN SMALL CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Sidek Shafie , Zainol Fakhrul Anwar
Published: October 2021

The research investigates Miles and Snow (1978) strategic typology as the strategic choice and business performance among Class F entrepreneurs in civil construction industry in Malaysia. The result concluded that Prospector strategy is the most effective strategic typology in the small construction industry in Malaysia whereas reactors are the lowest achievers. Analyzer and defender are the moderate class F performers. The most competitive and the destructive strategic typology have been revealed from this study. This is important to serve as a guide to those who involved or intend to be involved in the small construction industry in Malaysia. It is useful for strategist and businessman, especially in the small construction industry in Malaysia to take it as a normative theory which they might practice throughout the daily activities especially during the formation of the business strategy.
UNIVERSALISTIC APRROACH ON THE JOB SHOP MAKE-TO-ORDER OPERATIONS
Authors: Muda Mohd Shaladdin
Published: October 2021

Majority of research into the World Class Manufacturing (WCM) has taken a universalistic approach and has developed general models covering all aspects of manufacturing management. Whilst there has been some research that suggests that appropriate best practice procedures are contingent upon company type, none of this research has tried to develop a detailed WCM model for the make to order (MTO) sector. Given the complex nature of the MTO sector, it could be argued that it is necessary to build a WCM model for the MTO sector initially.
The Governance System of Industrial Policy in the Era of Growth in Korea from the Perspective of State-Society Relations
Authors: Eom Seok-Jin , Bae Kwanpyo
Published: October 2021

In this study, the authors examine the governance system of industrial policy in the era of economic growth in Korea from the perspective of statesociety relations. Specifically, we consider the public and private actors who engaged in governance processes related to industrial policy and their interactions, as well as the formal and informal institutions that constrained the actors. As a principal actor, the government established the effective and efficient institutions in each stage of the governance process. These institutions not only enhanced the industrial policy capacity of the government but also created an environment that permitted various stakeholders in private sector to be involved in the governance system. The private actors in the governance process, in turn, became major sources of information and driving forces of industrial promotion.
Impact of Global Capitalism on the Environment of Developing Economies: The Case of Nigeria
Authors: Igiebor God’stime Osariyekemwen
Published: October 2021

Globalization may have generated gains in some countries of the world; it is nevertheless associated with increased insolvency, inequalities, work insecurities, weak institutions, and corrosion of established values. Against this backdrop, the paper takes a cursory look at the global flow of capital and how it has impacted the Nigerian economy. It posit that the system of global governance is not consistent with the objective of the domestic economy given that globalization results in the weakening of state capacity through dominance of the transnational flow of capital and investment. Hence, the transnational network of production and services is orchestrated beyond the regulation of policies of domestic countries. Consequently this paper offers recommendations on how the Nigerian economy should develop in order to keep pace with globalization. These include developing local technology, promoting domestic industry and manufacture of goods for exports as well as managing domestic affairs free from extraneous foreign intrusion.
A Historical-Institutionalist Analysis of the MV Sewol and MS Estonia Tragedies: Policy Lessons from Sweden for South Korea*
Authors: Dostal Jörg Michael , Kim Hyun-jin , Ringstad Albin
Published: October 2021

On April 16, 2014, the South Korean ship MV Sewol sank, claiming the lives of 304 passengers. The accident appeared to observers to be a manmade disaster, since all the passengers could have been rescued if adequate safety measures and disaster management procedures had been in place. The Sewol sinking has subsequently turned into a focusing event in terms of safety policy debates in South Korea. On September 28, 1994, the Swedish ship MS Estonia sank, claiming the lives of 852 people. This earlier tragedy was also a focusing event in the context of Swedish debates about safety policies. In this article, South Korean and Swedish safety policies are analyzed from a historical-institutionalist perspective. While Swedish disaster prevention systems have generally performed well in a virtuous cycle, those of South Korea have performed poorly in a vicious cycle. The article highlights how South Korean policy makers might use Swedish policies, developed in response to the 1994 MS Estonia accident, to improve their safety policies. In addition, we suggest that long-term policies focusing on comprehensive social welfare and the pooling of risks are required to restore citizens’ trust in government and to transform South Korea from a low safety into a high safety society.
Local Charter School Policy Implementation: Do Policy Networks Matter?
Authors: Lee Jeongho (John) , Choi Younghoon
Published: October 2021

This article draws on research focusing on implementation of local charter school policy in the United States. Since Colorado passed charter school law in 1993, charter school policy has spread very fast and many charter schools have been operating across Colorado. However, there is the variation in the implementation of each school district’s state charter school policy. Some school districts implement the state’s charter school law very actively through providing their students with charter school services while other school districts do not. The primary research question of the study is to examine why the uneven implementation of charter school policy emerges among Colorado’s school districts. The statistical results reveal that the policy network factor is the most persuasive evidence in answering the research question.
A Comparative Study on Social Media Use and Public Participation in Korea and the United States: Does Social Media Matter?
Authors: Kim Eunyi
Published: October 2021

This study examines how the use of different types of social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, affects public participation, drawing on the theory of motivation, which addresses the effect of internal and external political efficacy as well as the perceived political importance of social media. The study also investigates the interaction effect between social media use and perceived the political importance of social media on public participation. Employing a comparative perspective on an issue that has not been well studied, the study further seeks to discover potential variations in the impacts of different social media on public participation in the United States and Korea, both of which held presidential elections at the end of 2012. This study conducted hierarchical multiple regression analyses using data collected from college students in the United States and Korea. It shows the positive impact of social media use and its interaction effect with the perceived political importance of social media on the offline and online public participation of youth. The political motivational factor is found to be critical to driving public participation. This study also shows that the impact of Facebook use is more influential than Twitter use on public participation in the United States, whereas the opposite pattern is observed in Korea.
Interorganizational Competition and Government Competitiveness: The Case of the Korean Central Government*
Authors: Im Tobin , Park JungHo
Published: October 2021

This study introduces the concept of government competitiveness to the public management literature. Government competitiveness involves an effective, value-oriented utilization of resources in order to provide services that can lead to economic and social development. It is argued that, overall, government competitiveness is the outcome of both coordination and cooperation among key industries and competition between them, as each strives to secure for itself a greater share of resources and legitimacy. This hypothesis is tested using a novel measurement method of government competitiveness that incorporates both a subjective and objective dimension of competitiveness obtained from a national survey of civil servants as well as performance rankings from the Korean prime minister’s office. In addition to finding that interorganizational competition enhances overall competitiveness, this study also finds that performance management, goal clarity, and innovative climate all influence government competitiveness. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed in detail.
Poverty and Inequality among Social Groups in Rural India
Authors: Kang Woojin
Published: October 2021

This study examines economic disparity among social groups in rural India. While the pace of poverty reduction for disadvantaged groups, who benfited from both economic growth and redistribution, surpassed that of other caste households during the period from 1999-2006, they remain the most poor among the rural poor. This study’s decomposition analysis confirms that they are not only less wealthy than other castes but also have lower returns on their assets due to discrimination or lower productivity. In addition, the contribution of the latter has become larger over time, implying that programs established by the government and development agencies to reduce economic disparity between two groups may be less effective. For example, an antipoverty program is vital, and the government also needs to strengthen the effectiveness of the current affirmative action programs. There are also lessons from South Korea’s past experience to be shared for the improvement of productivity.
Corruption and Financial Management: Evidence from Korean Local Governments*
Authors: Kim Eunji , Kim Sangheon
Published: October 2021

Academic researchers have paid lots of attention to corruption and there have been therefore numerous studies on the subject. Withal the rich literature on corruption, it is hard to find studies trying to investigate the effects of corruption on financial management of local governments. This article empirically tests the argument that corruption undermines local government’s incentives for good financial management and increases the debt level with a unique Korean index of corruption, Integrity Scores published by Anti-Corruption & Civil Right Commission of Korea. According to OLS analyses, integrity has a negative and significant effect on the debt ratio. This supports the idea that the more local governments are corrupted, the less incentive they have to maintain a sound financial condition.
The Impact of Official Development Assistance on Government Effectiveness: The Mediating Effect of Corruption*
Authors: Lee Seunghyun , Im Tobin
Published: October 2021

The impact of ODA on governance is still a contentious issue of debate. A few number of East Asian countries, such as Korea and Singapore, have achieved rapid economic and social development by government-led development strategy. This study focuses on the role of government to achieve developmental goals, and explores the relationship between aid dependence on government expense and government effectiveness from the perspective of government competitiveness and the mediating effect of corruption as well. The analysis draws upon a data set of 82 developing countries over the period 2004-2013. The findings of the study illustrates that dependence on ODA in government expenditure reduces government effectiveness in developing countries. In addition, ODA funds from donors have an adverse effect on the control of corruption, and it, in the end, impedes government effectiveness. To increase aid effectiveness in promoting growth and development, governments of developing countries need to improve their government competitiveness.
Election Cycles and Stock Market Reaction: International Evidence*
Authors: Park Cheolbeom , An Jiyoun
Published: October 2021

This study investigates movements of stock market volatility during election periods (the six months before and after an election) using data from 16 countries. The main findings of this study are (1) volatility declines over time as elections approach, (2) the level of volatility during election periods is lower than that during nonelection periods, and (3) volatility rises quickly during election months and immediately after the elections. The first and second findings confirm assertions made in previous studies, such as Pantzalis, Stangeland, and Turtle (2000) and Wisniewski (2009), regarding the dynamic pattern of stock market volatility during election years.
Interest Groups, County Characteristics, and Local Growth Management Policy Instruments
Authors: Lee Jeongho (John)
Published: October 2021

The primary intent of this study is to investigate what factors drive local governments to implement growth management policy instruments. To answer this research question, this study chose Colorado counties, where local governments voluntarily adopt and implement growth management policy instruments. That means that a wide variation in growth management policy instrument implementation appears among Colorado’s local governments. That is to say, some counties more actively implement growth management policy instruments while the rest of counties do not. Utilizing a statistical tool, this article tests seven hypotheses based on the interest group model and county characteristics to empirically explicate this uneven implementation phenomenon of growth management policy instruments across Colorado. The analyzed results prove that counties with many anti-growth management policy interest groups are less likely to implement growth management policy instruments. In addition, the analyzed results demonstrate both that counties earning more income from tourism and counties with highly educated residents are more likely to implement growth management policy instruments, while counties supporting the Democratic Party are less likely to implement growth management policy instruments.
Government Administrative Control Tower in Crisis Management System: Definition, Issues, and Policy Implications
Authors: Lee Dalgon
Published: October 2021

A number of scholars and media in South Korea have recently raised questions regarding the necessity of a “government administrative control tower” (GACT) for dealing with crises. This paper aims to conceptualize GACT as a crisis management system and suggests administrative methods for improving this model by examining issues raised by its operation. Since the control tower is critical in times of crisis, this paper limits its focus to the role of GACT as a crisis management control tower. In crisis, an on-site control tower focuses especially on prevention, and on-site response and management must be synchronized with a higher-level administrative decision making control tower for the system to operate properly. While a fully authorized on-site control tower should serve as the central agent, a higher-level administrative decision making control tower should mobilize additional organizations and resources to support on-site capability. The operating principle for the latter should be to create an environment in which heterogeneous parties work together to make decisions about what to do rather than the president or the prime minister directly making orders and taking control.
Applying Regression Discontinuity Design to Social Policy: An Evaluation of the Welfare-to-Work Program in South Korea
Authors: Lee Seog-Min , Kwon Huck-ju
Published: October 2021

Social policy studies focusing on poverty reduction attempt to measure poverty reductions rates and poverty gaps, but they do not provide criteria to determine whether a given social policy is a success or failure. In this study, we suggest using regression discontinuity design to establish evaluation criteria and validate estimation results in social programs. Using the dataset from the Korean Welfare Panel, first we conduct, first, a difference-in-differences comparison between welfare recipients under the National Basic Livelihood Security system and nonrecipients whose income falls under the minimum cost of living. Secondly, we establish the counterfactual effects of the program among nonrecipients whose income is below the minimum cost of living and among nonrecipients whose income is above the minimum cost of living. Last, we analyze treatment effects by comparing welfare recipients with income below the minimum cost of living and nonrecipients with income above the minimum cost of living using the regression distribution design method. We argue that the National Basic Livelihood Security system as a welfare-to-work program has positive effects on labor market participation, which has not been established by previous studies.
Employment-Friendly Welfare Policy and Information Asymmetry: Evidence from Sweden and Korea*
Authors: Kwon Illoong , Lee Jinho
Published: October 2021

This paper provides a simple theoretical framework for analyzing how welfare polices can affect the incentive to work and compares the recent welfare policy reforms of Sweden and Korea. Sweden has systematically reformed its welfare policies in response to slowing population and economic growth and an aging population. This paper shows that recent Swedish reforms of tax policies and unemployment benefits bear out theoretical predictions that such reforms will help reduce moral hazard and adverse selection problems. In comparison, recent Korean reforms of tax policies and unemployment benefits have focused on moral hazard problems but have largely ignored adverse selection problems.
Human Resource Management, Organizational Performance, and Publicness: The Case of Korean Higher Educational Institutions
Authors: Kim Taeyeon
Published: October 2021

This study investigates the relationship between human resource management and organizational performance using a dataset of 155 universities in Korea. It also examines the moderating effect of publicness measured by ownership (whether it is a public or private university) on the relationship of human resource management and performance. The results show that there is a positive relationship between the efforts of top managers to improve human resource management and one of the two research performance indicators examined in this study. Also, the moderating effects of publicness on the relationship between human resource management and performance are clearly shown in the analysis of both research performance indicators, which means that human resource management in public universities is more conducive to research performance than in private universities. The findings of the present study imply a linear linkage between human resource management and organizational performance and the moderating role of publicness in the management-performance linkage.
Success without Design: Hallyu (Korean Wave) and Its Implications for Cultural Policy*
Authors: Kim Jungsoo
Published: October 2021

The huge popularity of Korean pop culture overseas, labeled Hallyu, otherwise known as the Korean Wave, is an unprecedented event in the cultural history of Korea. Many foreign observers tend to see it as the result of the Korean government’s policy efforts. This paper claims that Hallyu in essence is an unintended “success without design.” No one, including the Korean government, intentionally planned it. There were five key factors that made it possible: the competitiveness of Korean culture industries, political economic changes in East Asian countries, entrepreneurs in show business, fragmentary governmental support, and global digital networks. Each of these factors has independently contributed in its own way to the success of Hallyu. The fact that Hallyu is not a product of any deliberate plan has some important implications for cultural policy and culture industries.
Public Health Disasters and the Evolution of Pandemic Response Structures: A Case Study of MERS in Korea*
Authors: Chang Jiyoun
Published: October 2021

This study focuses on the Korean MERS epidemic and analyzes how governance structures were set up to respond to it. Compared to other countries’ responses, which were built on both hierarchical and network structures, the Korean MERS response structure evolved over time. In the first period hierarchy characterized the relationship between the central government and hospitals. In the second period, heterarchy replaced hierarchy, and in the last period heterarchy evolved into a network governance structure. Furthermore, it was found that leadership, communication, information sharing and use of information technology affected the formation of the response structures. I conclude by exploring limitations in my research and suggesting paths and perspectives for further research.
The Effect of Trust on Giving: Evidence from Korean-Americans in California*
Authors: Moon Seong-gin
Published: October 2021

Trust in a nonprofit organization is recognized by many scholars as a pivotal function of giving activity. However, there is limited empirical evidence, and it remains unclear how trust influences giving practices. This study empirically examines the effects of trust toward nonprofit organizations on giving among Korean-Americans in California. Based on the Korean-American Philanthropic Survey, regression models are constructed to estimate such effects. The empirical results indicated a strong and positive relationship between trust in nonprofits and giving. Basically, immigrants with a greater stock of trust in nonprofits are more likely to give than their counterparts. In addition, acculturation, age, female, and religiosity are significantly and positively related to giving.
Change and Continuity in Police Organizations: Institution, Legitimacy, and Democratization*
Authors: Cho Wonhyuk
Published: October 2021

This article analyzes how institutional pressures have allowed for continuities as well as brought about changes in modern police organizations in Korea. When facing a legitimacy crisis, the Korean law enforcement system has typically responded with organizational restructuring. Strong myth-building patterns compensate for the lack of moral legitimacy of the police, particularly under authoritarian-military regimes that suppress democratization movements in Korea. Even after seemingly radical organizational changes aimed at placing the police under democratic control, highly institutionalized core structures of the police remain in place. Performance reform after the economic crisis, which was proceeded from reformers’ shared belief in the market-driven solutions, diagnosed the Korean police as a big, inefficient, and self-serving bureaucracy, a diagnosis that eventually caused gradual deterioration in the taken-for-granted-ness of policing activities. The internet and social media made the Korean police even more vulnerable to external challenges and a questioning of its legitimacy.
The Ceiling Strategy as Policy: Limiting Bureaucratic Expansion and Democratization*
Authors: Choi Hyemin , Jeong Jisu
Published: October 2021

It is commonly recognized that the transition to democracy in Korea was associated with economic progress. However, not many scholars have given attention to the role of bureaucracy during the process of democratization, due to the fact that bureaucracy is usually thought of as belonging to politics, not democracy. As a refutation of this general view, first, this paper argues that bureaucracy has been an important contributor to political modernization. Since the post-1945 period, the ‘ceiling’ strategy, which limits the total number of civil servants, was introduced into the personnel management method and system of checks and balances to limit undue political influence over staffing and to control bureaucratic expansion. Second, through this strategy as policy, the bureaucracy legitimately tried to avoid undemocratic political power by the standardized process and allow the coordination. The ceiling policy is originally the product of historical context during colonial and authoritarian period, but the bureaucracy utilizes it as the instrument to reduce corruption. The contribution of this paper is provoking the new insights about democratization from bureaucrat’s perspective which is rarely highlighted.