bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Study Exploring the Psychosocial Needs of Male Undocumented Afghan Migrants in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Alemi Qais , Montgomery Susanne , Stempel Carl
Published: April 2018

(1) Background: Refugees and asylum-seekers from Afghanistan have been shown to be highly distressed as a result of pre- and post-resettlement traumas. However, little is known about the challenges that Afghan migrants endure while residing in Turkey, a population that has grown at unprecedented rates in recent years, and largely deemed illegal by Turkish asylum and settlement laws; (2) Methods: We conducted interviews with 15 Afghan males residing in Istanbul, Turkey in late 2015. A qualitative content analysis technique informed by Qualitative Description was used to analyze the data; (3) Results: Narratives revealed that motives for migrating to Turkey are driven by both a humanitarian need for protection against persecution and economic deprivation. While they are in transit, we observed that Afghan migrants are victimized, exposed to multiple traumas; and, in Turkey experience poverty, unemployment, and exploitation while living in poor conditions and receive no social assistance. Lastly, interviews revealed that their hopes reflect their motives for migrating, that is, to have a stable life and to support their families back home where ever they end up resettling; and (4) Conclusions: Our qualitative interviews clarified the harrowing and demoralizing transit experiences and the depth of exploitation and precarious living conditions that Afghans currently face. Findings have implications for asylum policies, and for delivering culturally-competent interventions that promote the overall well-being of Afghans in Turkey.
Is a Bimodal Force-Time Curve Related to Countermovement Jump Performance?
Authors: Kennedy Rodney A. , Drake David
Published: April 2018

A countermovement jump (CMJ) represents one of the most frequently used performance tests for monitoring neuromuscular function in athletes. An often-overlooked feature that may provide some useful diagnostic information is the actual shape of the force-time curve. The aim of this study was therefore to consider how the shape of the force-time curve influences jump performance. Thirty-three male rugby union players performed two CMJs on a force plate, with discrete variables and continuous curve analysis used. The subjects were dichotomized based on shape of the force-time curve during the propulsion phase and by jump height. The differences between the unimodal and bimodal groups were unclear for jump height (ES = 0.28, ±0.58) and reactive strength index-modified (ES = −0.30, ±0.59). A substantial difference between high (40.2 ± 2.9 cm) and low (31.2 ± 3.2 cm) jumpers only existed in the late propulsion phase by 79.0% to 97.0% of the normalized force-time curve. A bimodal force-time curve is not representative of an optimal pattern of performance and simply reflects an inefficient stretch-shortening cycle. The inter-individual variability that exists in braking COM displacement renders temporal phase analysis impractical in cross-sectional type studies.
Transdisciplinarity in Research about Agrifood Systems Transitions: A Pragmatist Approach to Processes of Attachment
Authors: Lamine Claire
Published: April 2018

The much-needed transformations of agrifood systems call for novel approaches that are able to bring together a diversity of actors’ and institutions’ knowledge and visions. While within the literature about participatory research and transdisciplinarity, many articles have discussed the issue of actor involvement, few have addressed it regarding agrifood system transitions, which are the focus of this paper. Inspired by recent work suggesting a pragmatist approach to stakeholder involvement and collective processes of problem framing and solving, this study (based on a reflexive analysis of six different projects involving different approaches to stakeholder involvement) developed an actor-oriented approach focused on what the motivations to enroll actors and for them to be enrolled are, and on the analysis of the diverse visions and controversies at play. The main outcome of this analysis is that a key issue regarding stakeholder involvement appears to be whether the diverse stakeholders and researchers involved share the sense of being part of a “community of fate” that makes them feel individually “affected” but also collectively “attached” to a shared problem and possibly to a shared future. This is not fixed and stable but can be reinforced through the research–action process itself, which should produce this collective attachment.
A Uniformly Selected Sample of Low-mass Black Holes in Seyfert 1 Galaxies. II. The SDSS DR7 Sample
Authors: Liu He-Yang , Yuan Weimin , Dong Xiao-Bo , Zhou Hongyan , Liu Wen-Juan
Published: April 2018

A new sample of 204 low-mass black holes (LMBHs) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is presented with black hole masses in the range of (1–20) × 105
M
⊙. The AGNs are selected through a systematic search among galaxies in the Seventh Data Release (DR7) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), and careful analyses of their optical spectra and precise measurement of spectral parameters. Combining them with our previous sample selected from SDSS DR4 makes it the largest LMBH sample so far, totaling over 500 objects. Some of the statistical properties of the combined LMBH AGN sample are briefly discussed in the context of exploring the low-mass end of the AGN population. Their X-ray luminosities follow the extension of the previously known correlation with the [O iii] luminosity. The effective optical-to-X-ray spectral indices α
OX, albeit with a large scatter, are broadly consistent with the extension of the relation with the near-UV luminosity L
2500 Å. Interestingly, a correlation of α
OX with black hole mass is also found, with α
OX being statistically flatter (stronger X-ray relative to optical) for lower black hole masses. Only 26 objects, mostly radio loud, were detected in radio at 20 cm in the FIRST survey, giving a radio-loud fraction of 4%. The host galaxies of LMBHs have stellar masses in the range of 108.8–1012.4
M
⊙ and optical colors typical of Sbc spirals. They are dominated by young stellar populations that seem to have undergone continuous star formation history.
The Ortho-to-para Ratio of Water Molecules Desorbed from Ice Made from Para-water Monomers at 11 K
Authors: Hama Tetsuya , Kouchi Akira , Watanabe Naoki
Published: April 2018

Water has two nuclear-spin isomers: ortho- and para-H2O. Some observations of interstellar space and cometary comae have reported the existence of gaseous H2O molecules with anomalous ortho-to-para ratios (OPRs) less than the statistical value of three. This has been often used to estimate the formation temperature of ice on dust, which is inferred to be below 50 K. The relation between the nuclear-spin dynamics of H2O in ice at low temperatures and the OPR of gaseous H2O desorbed from the ice has yet to be explored in a laboratory. Consequently, the true meaning of the observed OPRs remains debated. We measure the OPR of H2O photodesorbed from ice made from para-H2O monomers at 11 K, which was prepared by the sublimation of Ne from a para-H2O/Ne matrix. The photodesorbed H2O molecules from the ice have the statistical OPR value of three, demonstrating the immediate nuclear-spin-state mixing of H2O toward the statistical value of ice even at 11 K. The OPR of H2O thermally desorbed from the ice also shows the expected statistical value. Our results indicate that the OPR of H2O desorbed from interstellar ice should be the statistical value regardless of the formation process of the ice, which cannot be used to deduce the ice-formation temperature. This study highlights the importance of interstellar gas-phase processes in understanding anomalous abundance ratios of nuclear-spin isomers of molecules in space.
Finite Element Analysis of Rolling Process to Locally Thin Metal Strips
Authors: Fann Kuang-Jau , Lin Che Yi , Chen Ying Ju
Published: April 2018

Because of relative low investment cost on the installation of equipment and extensive product quality with other advantages, roll forming process has been broadly applied to produce profiles from steel strip bands and has gradually replaced aluminum profiles made by hot extrusion. Moreover, a lightweight design is the trend for reducing carbon emissions and waste. Therefore, a lightweight design of structures with local thinning used the roll forming production will make metal profiles more market competitiveness. In this study, the commercial Finite Element software DEFORM is used to investigate the rolling process preparing the metal strips with local thinning feature for the subsequent roll forming process to form a lightweight metal profile. Two kinds of roll configuration are used in this study, namely symmetrical and non-symmetrical. The symmetrical rolling process has the same diameter for the upper and the lower roll, while the non-symmetrical rolling process has different diameter in both rolls. As the process parameters, the roll speed ratio between the upper and the lower roll is used for the symmetrical rolling process, while the distance between the axis of the upper and lower roll is used for the non-symmetrical rolling process. As a result, the rolled thinning feature has its sidewalls flaring outwards, so that it has a narrow bottom and a wide opening. Furthermore, it can be regarded as defect that the thickness of the rolled thinning feature is not thinned enough as required and a raising at the opening is observed. In general, increasing the roll diameter or keeping the speed of the two rolls as the same can have a better thinning result for the symmetric rolling. In the non-symmetric rolling, increasing the roll diameter can improve the thickness, but no significant effect can be found by changing the roll diameter ratio.
Study the Influence of Geometric Parameters on Springback in T-Section Aluminum Alloy Window Trim Strip Sheets Forming
Authors: Zhu Bao Hang , Zhao Yi Xi , Yu Zhong Qi , Yan Hui
Published: April 2018

The T-section aluminum alloy window trim strip sheets are used to improve vehicle appearance. As the mobile scenery line, these window trim strips with claws need high forming accuracy to meet good assembly quality requirement. The top portion of the T-section sheet is stamped to form an edge flange structure. Springback control is essential in forming process. In this paper, the influence of the window trim strip geometric parameters on forming springback is studied. Some finite element models of the process were built with the Dynaform software. The simulation results were verified experimentally. The main conclusions include as belows: The different heights of the stiffeners part in T-section change the stiffness of the part. Although the stiffeners part does not participate in the forming, it also has springback in the forming process. So, it is necessary to study the influence of the flanging part width (W) and the stiffeners part height (H) of the T-section on springback. We set W to 15 mm and change the value of H value according to the real product. The value of springback increases with the increase of H value in the beginning. After ratio of H/W increases to 0.6, the value of springback fluctuates with the increase of H value. When ratio of H/W is about 0.5, the springback values are mostly less than ± 0.5 mm in key sections, which is acceptable.
Discrimination between sheep-associated and wildebeest-associated malignant catarrhal fever virus by means of a single-tube duplex nested PCR
Authors: Bremer C.W. , Swart H. , Doboro F.A. , Dungu B. , Romito M. , Viljoen G.J.
Published: April 2018

A single-tube duplex nested polymerase chain reaction (sdn-PCR) was developed for the detection of and discrimination between ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) and alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1). These viruses respectively cause sheep- and wildebeest-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SAMCF and WA-MCF). In the first step of the sdn-PCR, two primers with high annealing temperatures based on conserved regions of the tegument genes were used for DNA amplification. In the second step, two primer sets based on variable regions of the respective OvHV-2 and AlHV-1 genes and with annealing temperatures > 11 °C below the primers used in the first step, were used. Internal regions of different sizes from amplicons produced in the first step were amplified. This single-tube test obviates the need for two separate assays to detect both viral types, thereby reducing time, labour and cost.
Acaricide efficiency of amitraz / cypermethrin and abamectin pour-on preparations in game
Authors: Van der Merwe J.S. , Smit F.J. , Durand A.M. , Kruger L.P. , Michael L.M.
Published: April 2018

The efficacy of an amitraz / cypermethrin pour-on preparation (1 % w/v each) was tested against natural tick infestations of buffaloes, eland and blesbok in three separate trials. The eland were also treated with a 0.02 % abamectin (w/v) acaricidal pour-on preparation. The amitraz / cypermethrin pour-on was effective against Amblyomma hebraeum, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Hyalomma marginatum rufipes on the buffaloes. Both acaricides were effective against R. appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus in the eland. The amitraz / cypermethrin acaricide was effective against R. (Boophilus) decoloratus in the blesbok. Ticks can cause damage to the skins, secondary infections, abscesses, anaemia, loss of condition, tick toxicosis and act as vectors of infectious diseases. Introduction of hosts and / or ticks from endemic to non-endemic areas because of translocation of game, may lead to severe losses. The pouron acaricides tested were effective against natural tick infestations and should always be used according to the manufacturer's instructions and efficacy claims.
Prognostic Importance of Spinopelvic Parameters in the Assessment of Conservative Treatment in Patients with Spondylolisthesis
Authors: M L V Sai Krishna , Sharma Deep , Menon Jagdish
Published: April 2018

Study Design

This was a prospective, two-group comparative study.

Purpose

The present study aimed to determine the importance of the spinopelvic parameters in the causation and progression of spondylolisthesis.

Overview of Literature

Spondylolisthesis is slippage of one vertebra over the vertebra below. Since the discovery of pelvic incidence (PI) in 1998 in addition to documentation of other parameters in spinopelvic balance, slippage in spondylolisthesis has been attributed to these parameters. Many studies on the Caucasian population have implicated high PI as a causative factor of spondylolisthesis. To the best of our knowledge, no study has described the role of these parameters in the progression of spondylolisthesis.

Methods

The study was conducted in Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India. Seventy-nine patients with spondylolisthesis consented to participate in the study. All patients were advised to undergo conservative treatment and were regularly followed up according to the protocol. Seventy-five asymptomatic volunteers were recruited as a control group. Of the total of 79 patients, 54 were followed up for 6 months, during which 46 improved, eight showed no improvement, and 25 were lost to follow-up. Sagittal spinopelvic parameters were measured by a single observer using the Surgimap spine software ver. 2.1.2 (Nemaris, New York, NY, USA). Parameters measured were PI, pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis. The results from patients and controls were compared using appropriate statistical methods.

Results

The normal and spondylolisthesis groups significantly differed with respect to PI, SS, and PT (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in the measured spinopelvic parameters between patients with high- and low-grade spondylolisthesis or between those whose condition improved and those whose condition worsened.

Conclusions

PI, the most important of all spinopelvic parameters, is responsible for the slip in spondylolisthesis, but not for its progression.
Pulmonary Embolism from Cement Augmentation of the Vertebral Body
Authors: Ignacio Jose Manuel Fernando , Ignacio Katrina Hannah Dizon
Published: April 2018

Pulmonary cement embolism (PCE) can follow cement augmentation procedures for spine fractures due to osteoporosis, traumatic injuries, and painful metastatic lesions. PCE is underreported and it is likely that many cases remain undiagnosed. Risk factors for PCE have been identified, which can help alert clinicians to patients likely to develop the condition, and there are recommended techniques to reduce its incidence. Most patients with PCE are asymptomatic or only develop transient symptoms, although a few may exhibit florid cardiorespiratory manifestations which can ultimately be fatal. Diagnosis is mainly by radiographic means, commonly using simple radiographs and computed tomography scans of the chest with ancillary tests that assess the patient's cardiorespiratory condition. Management depends on the location and size of the emboli as well as the patient's symptomatology. The aim of this review is to raise awareness of the not uncommon complications of PCE following vertebral cement augmentation and the possibility of serious sequelae. Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of PCE are presented, based on the most recent literature.
Fuzzy difference and data primitives: a transparent approach for supporting different definitions of forest in the context of REDD+
Authors: Comber Alexis , Kuhn Werner
Published: April 2018

Abstract. This paper explores the use of fuzzy difference methods in order
to understand the differences between forest classes. The context for this
work is provided by REDD+, which seeks to reduce the net emissions of
greenhouse gases by rewarding the conservation of forests in developing
countries. REDD+ requires that local inventories of forest are undertaken and
payments are made on the basis of the amount of forest (and associated carbon
storage). At the most basic level this involves classifying land into forest
and non-forest. However, the critical issues affecting the uptake, buy-in and
ultimately the success of REDD+ are the lack of universally agreed definition
of forest to support REDD+ mapping activities, and where such a definition is
imposed, the marginalization of local community voices and local landscape
conceptualizations. This tension is at the heart of REDD+. This paper
addresses these issues by linking methods to quantify changes in fuzzy land
cover to the concept of data primitives, which have been previously
proposed as a suitable approach to move between land cover classes with
different semantics. These are applied to case study that quantifies the
difference in areas for two definitions of forest derived from the GLC and FAO
definitions of forest. The results show how data primitives allow divergent
concepts of forest to be represented and mapped from the same data and how
the fuzzy sets approach can be used to quantify the differences
and non-intersections of different concepts of forest. Together these methods
provide for transparent translations between alternative conceptualizations
of forest, allowing for plural notions of forest to be mapped and quantified.
In particular, they allow for moving from an object-based notion of forest
(and land cover in general) to a field-based one, entirely avoiding the need
for forest boundaries.
First experiences of accrediting district hospitals for excellence in newborn care in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Successes and challenges
Authors: Haskins Lyn , Nyasulu Dolly , Davidge Ruth , McKerrow Neil , Horwood Christiane
Published: April 2018

Objective: Providing quality health care is what all health facilities seek to achieve. Accreditation of health services are used to assess and improve the quality of health care in different settings. This study describes experiences of developing and conducting accreditation for excellence in newborn care in district hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa following a 3-year programme of support to all nurseries in KZN.Methods: A facility review was conducted in district hospitals in KZN to evaluate the quality of care provided to newborn babies to accredit hospitals in newborn care. Multiple tools were used to assess different components of care from different perspectives, including record reviews, assessment of staff skills and interviews with mothers. Awarding accreditation was based on scores achieved in various domains, which contributed to an overall score. Compliance with key priority indicators was required for accreditation to be awarded.Results: Overall scores for accreditation ranged between 57%-93%. Mothers reported high levels of satisfaction with care received. Record reviews identified shortfalls in care provided, and skills assessments showed poor resuscitation skills in labour wards in some hospitals. Of 39 district hospitals, eight were awarded silver and five were awarded gold accreditation status.Conclusions: This accreditation of newborn care provides a workable model for undertaking accreditation in district hospitals and can be used by managers to identify and address shortfalls in care. Regular accreditation would support ongoing quality improvement (QI) in neonatal care and such a process could be applied to other aspects of care in health facilities.
Enhancing Pre-service Science Teachers’ Understanding and Practices of SocioScientific Issues (SSIs)-Based Teaching via an Online Mentoring Program
Authors: Pitiporntapin Sasithep , Yutakom Naruemon , Sadler Troy D. , Hines Lisa
Published: April 2018

Science education reformists in Thailand promote the use of socioscientific issues (SSIs)-based teaching to enrich scientific literacy for global citizenship. To achieve this goal, Thai pre-service science teachers (PSTs) must know how to effectively integrate SSIs into their science teaching practices. The purpose of this study was to enhance PSTs’ understanding and practices of SSIs-based teaching via the online mentoring (OM) program. Three PSTs were selected as case studies, and data were collected from online observations, semi-structured interviews, online discussions, and online document reviews. The analytical methods included within-case and cross-case analysis. This study found that the OM program was effective in enhancing PSTs’ understanding and practices of SSIs-based teaching. As a result, their teaching practices evolved from conveying content knowledge to promoting higher-order cognitive practices. In addition, the PSTs demonstrated a deeper appreciation for OM programs as a means to enhance teaching practices. This research demonstrates how the implementation of OM programs has the potential to be powerful tool for professional development of science educators, which is essential for transforming science educational practices.
An Agenda for Improving Legal Claims for Medical Malpractice in Nigeria
Authors: Abugu Uwakwe , Obalum Dike C.
Published: April 2018

The law and ethics of medical practice enjoy a relatively universal appeal, and speak the same language in different jurisdictions. This is due mainly to the fact that the practice of modern orthodox medicine is traceable to the Greek philosopher, Hippocrates (father of modern medicine) who brought scientific rationalization into medical practice, thus exploding the hitherto garb of metaphysics and Esoterism that beclouded the practice. The various works of the World medical Association in developing and disseminating ethical rules and standards of practice further strengthened the universal character of medical ethics. Accordingly, the right of patients and the duties of medical practitioners remain the same all over the world. But the extent to which these rights and duties are asserted, observed and enforced vary significantly among jurisdictions. Recent empirical investigation shows that in Nigeria only about 1.1% of all medical malpractice cases are enforced through legal action. This paper gives an analysis of the present state of medical practice in Nigeria in terms of the basic care exhibited by medical practitioners, the impression of patients about such care and other elementary requirements of doctor-patient relationship. It draws from a work which concludes that while the level of care is abysmally low leading to high level of malpractice, the level of legal claims is even lower. The paper proceeds to set out some legal and administrative remedial measures that could be taken to improve the almost non-existent claims against practitioners involved in medical malpractice in Nigeria.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 14, No. 5
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: April 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 14, No. 5, 2018.
Investigation of Co-Integration between Standard and Poor Index and Dow Jones Index in the New York Financial Market
Authors: Alawneh Ateyah
Published: April 2018

The study investigates the co-integration between (the S&P 500 index)and (Dow Jones index) the DJIA by busing the method Engle-granger co-integration Test. The study use annual data from 1990 to 2016.The study examines the stability of the index of S&P 500 and DJIA using the E-views program through a unit root test. The study found that the indicators are unstable, but they become stable when taking the first difference. This condition integrates (the S&P 500 index) and (the DJIA index) during the long-term co-integration test. The analysis shows that there is a negative co-integration between the two variables. It should be emphasized that the short-term dynamic analysis showed a positive co-integration between both indexes. The study concluded that there is an urgent need to take into account the long-term negative co-integration between (the S&P 500 index) and (the DJIA index) by investors in the New York market. Also, the study considers short-term positive integration between (the S&P 500 index) and (DJIA index), which turns into a negative relationship in the long term when  taking into account the markets linked with the New York market as a major global market and other international financial markets when making any financial investment. The result of this study could help users of major international financial markets in investment diversification to reduce risk.
The influence of thickness of Ni-P layers produced on AW-7075 aluminum alloy on their adhesion and mechanical properties
Authors: Czapczyk Kazimierz , Legutko Stanisław , Siwak Piotr , Grochalski Karol , Mazurek Anna
Published: April 2018

The article presents the results of mechanical tests of Ni-P layers deposited by the chemical reduction method on the AW-7075 aluminum alloy. The effect of layer thickness on hardness and microhardness of Vickers, which was determined by the DSI method, and their adhesion to the substrate by scratch method were investigated. The morphology was obtained using light microscopy and the topography of the examined layers using a contact profilometer. Different thicknesses were used to determine their effect on adhesion of the leyers to AW-7075 alloy. The results allowed to state that Ni-P layers of higher thickness are characterized by higher hardness and Young's modulus values than thinner Ni-P layers, and also show better adhesion to the AW-7075 alloy.
A cláusula democrática do Mercosul e as interrupções de mandatos presidenciais: um estudo comparativo sobre os casos paraguaio e brasileiro
Authors: Carvalho Thales Leonardo de
Published: April 2018

Desde a última onda de redemocratização dos países latinoamericanos, iniciada nos anos 1980, têm-se observado diversas interrupções nos mandatos de presidentes eleitos e uma consequente preocupação em relação a quebras nos regimes democráticos desses países, seja para a derrubada ou manutenção dos governos vigentes. Diante desse quadro, em 2012 o Paraguai foi suspenso do Mercosul, com base nos Protocolos de Ushuaia que, resumidamente, prevêem sanções para signatários que em algum momento apresentem ruptura em sua ordem democrática e constitucional; o motivo alegado seria uma ruptura dessa ordem no andamento do processo de impeachment do então presidente Fernando Lugo. No Brasil, desde o fim de 2015, tem-se presenciado um processo de impeachment contra a presidente Dilma Rousseff, em um contexto em que muitas pessoas afirmam haver um golpe em questão no país. Diante disso, o presente artigo pretende, com base no exemplo paraguaio, analisar se o Brasil também deveria sofrer sanções por parte do bloco, com base nos referidos protocolos, bem como oferecer elementos para discutir as situações em que os acordos tendem a ser aplicados.
A estratégia brasileira no Oriente Médio: uma visão histórica no século XX
Authors: Cid Mauro
Published: April 2018

Esse artigo busca apresentar a estratégia brasileira no Oriente Médio trabalhando com um arcabouço teórico básico relacionado ao histórico das Relações Internacionais do Brasil com os países do Oriente Médio. Para atingir o objetivo proposto será trabalhado as estratégias da Política Externa brasileira, tendo como marco temporal principal o período dos Governos Militares até os dias atuais. 
Energy and Food Demands, Drivers of Land Grab; A Case of Rufiji River Basin In Tanzania
Authors: Massay Godfrey Eliseus
Published: April 2018

Land grabs has been a tendy phenomena in the last decade across the grobe with Africa and Asia being the hard hit regions.  There has been many drivers that fueled land grabs including the crisses in the food, fuel and finance sector. Attempts has been made by scholars, activists and international communities to define what consitute “land grab” in the contenporay period. Informed by the framework definition of land grabs provided by International Land Coalition’s Tirana Declaration of 2012, this paper uses two cases of foreign land-based agricutural investments to prove the existence of land grabs in Tanzania. Broadly, the two cases are evidence of the global energy and food crises shaping the national and local politics of land governance. These national and local politics are manifested into land grabs dispossesing communities of their land. The paper urgues that there is direct link between the global and the national politics of land grabs. If further shows the role played and approaches used by social movements to resist land grabs.
Estrangeirização e internacionalização de terras no Brasil: oportunidades para quem?
Authors: Perdigão de Castro Luís Felipe , Hershaw Eva , Sauer Sérgio
Published: April 2018

Este artigo investiga a estrangeirização e internacionalização de terras no Brasil, como instrumento de apropriação por pessoas (físicas e jurídicas) e grupos estrangeiros e nacionais como parte da desnacionalização dos interesses nacionais via investimentos e arranjos regulatórios. O pano de fundo leva em conta que as históricas lutas por reforma agrária, segurança alimentar e soberania continuam ativas e representam espaços de resistência à estrangeirização de glebas e da natureza. O objetivo é, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, dados secundários, interpretação sociológica do direito e dados de campo, discutir o ambiente institucional-político e as consequências socioeconômicas, enfatizando aspectos históricos e jurídicos que permitem analisar criticamente “para quem” esse fenômeno representa uma “janela de oportunidades”.
Poesia e guerra: uma história de dor e esperança.
Authors: Barbosa Ana Lúcia Costa
Published: April 2018

Pretende-se com este artigo analisar dois poemas de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, presentes no livro A rosa do povo, a saber: “Carta a Stalingrado” e “Telegrama de Moscou”. Os dois poemas abordam a temática da Segunda Guerra Mundial e foram escritos entre 1943 a 1945, em seu pleno curso, tendo seu término em novembro de 1945. A literatura drummondiana estabelece um diálogo com esse tempo, trazendo à luz cenas e cenários que evocam um dos períodos mais cruéis da história moderna. É nosso intento investigar de que forma a poesia lírica dialoga com eventos históricos da Modernidade, em especial, as guerras.
A (des)medida do amor na contemporaneidade: Uma reflexão formal sobre a obra Compêndios de amor
Authors: Souza Bruno Henrique Muniz
Published: April 2018

Este artigo busca analisar a obra Compêndios de amor, de Kaio Carmona (2013), tendo em vista o diálogo proposto pelo escritor com o cânone da poesia ocidental. Por essa perspectiva, o presente trabalho pretende demonstrar em que medida o exercício poético empreendido por Carmona (2013) pode ser entendido como uma forma de atualização da tradição poética a qual o poeta busca pertencimento. Assim, a temática do amor e a consagrada estrutura do soneto surgem na tessitura poética como um ponto de tensão, tanto no que se refere à dualidade entre conteúdo e forma, quanto em relação ao próprio surgimento da voz desse autor, ainda estreante na cena literária contemporânea, e que evoca nomes consagrados da literatura brasileira, tais como Vinícius de Moraes e Carlos Drummond de Andrade.
Epigrama: o Plástil Poema. A diversidade no uso do epigrama na poesia desde a antiguidade.
Authors: Toledo Matheus Coelho de
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo se interessa pela história do Epigrama, buscando suas origens e desenvolvimentos em diversas literaturas, dentre elas a Latina, Francesa, Lusitana e Brasileira.
INVESTIGATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL WITH REVERSIBLE ELECTRODE – SOL-ID ELECTROLYTE OR IONIC MELT INTERFACE BY LINEAR CURRENT AND LINEAR POTENTIAL SCANNING METHODS
Authors: Guseynov Rizvan M. , Radzhabov Radzhab A. , Makhmudov Kheirulla M. , Kelbikhanov Ruslan K.
Published: April 2018

The main purpose of this article is a study of the kinetics of two simultaneous process: the charging of the electric double layer and discharge-ionization on the reversible silver electrode – sulfate solid electrolyte interface and its melt in two regimes: galvanodynamical and potentiodynamical. The investigation of the electrochemical kinetics was performed by operational impedance method which is based on the Laplas transformation and Ohm’s law between current, voltage and complex resistance (impedance). By corresponding mathematical computations the analytical expression of time dependence of current which passes through electrochemical cell in potentiodynamical mode were received. The analytical expression of interface potential – time dependence in galvanodynamical regime (mode) was obtained also. The electrode – solid electrolyte or its ionic melt interface potential – time dependence in galvanodynamical regime is described by exponential function. The time dependence of the current which passes through electrochemical cell in potentiodynamical regime is described by linear function. The comparative analysis of a results of two independent methods showed that for the investigation of the electrochemical systems contained the reversible metallic electrode – solid electrolyte and ionic melt interface may be used not only alternate current methods but relaxation methods also (for instance, Galvanodynamic and Potentiodynamic methods).Forcitation:Guseynov R.M.; Radzhabov R.A.; Makhmudov Kh.M.; Kelbikhanov R.K. Investigation of electrochemical cell with reversible electrode – solid electrolyte or ionic melt interface by linear current and linear potential scanning methods. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 4-5. P. 57-63
SIMULATION OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER PROCESSES UNDER GRANULES CAPSULATION IN FLUIDIZED BED
Authors: Lipin Andrey A. , Nebukin Vladimir O. , Lipin Aleksandr G.
Published: April 2018

The paper studies capsulation of solid particles in a spout fluidized bed. A capsulation is used to protect the particles surface from the negative impact of environmental factors as well as to regulate of active component release rate. In this work, the capsulation is carried out by spraying of polymers dispersions on fluidized bed particles by means of pneumatic nozzles. Drops of polymer dispersion having faced with the particles are spred on their surface, forming a liquid film. Solvent removing by drying causes solidification of the film. Existing calculation methods of capsulation in the apparatuses with fluidized bed have a significant disadvantage. They do not consider the impact of capsule formation on the heat and mass transfer process of the solvent removing from the coating film. Combined modeling these processes allows more accurately predicting the required residence time of the capsulated material in the apparatus. The mathematical model, which allows predicting the change in coverage degree, the moisture content, the temperature of the particles in process time as well as required residence time in the apparatus, was developed. The comparison of the calculated and experimental data shows their good agreement. Taking into account the changes in evaporation surface due to the increasing of particles coverage degree in the capsulation process allows to describe the evolution of the particles parameters more adequately and to select of the process rational parameters.Forcitation:Lipin A.A., Nebukin V.O., Lipin A.G. Simulation of heat and mass transfer processes under granules capsulation in fluidized ber. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 4-5. P. 98-104
SYNTHESIS AND RESEARCH OF GEOMETRY AND ELECTRONIC DENSITY OF HINDERED PHENOLS USED AS ANTIOXIDANT ADDITIVES FOR LUBRICATING OILS
Authors: Tukhvatullin Rustam F. , Kolchina Galina Yu. , Movsumzade Eldar M. , Mamedova Parviz Sh. , Babaev Elbek R.
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we investigated the sterically hindered bisphenols used as antioxidant additives to lubricating oils and having bulky α-methylbenzyl radicals in the o-position and disulfide bridges in the o- and p-positions. The influence of the structure of sterically hindered phenols and the presence of various substituents in the benzene ring on their antioxidant activity is considered and the expediency of introducing of α-methylbenzyl radicals into the composition of sterically hindered phenols is proved to increase their antioxidant activity by enhancing the donor activity of the radicals and increasing sterical hindrance, and the expediency of introducing of sulfur atoms to obtain the effect of auto-synergism is shown. The mechanism of oxidation of lubricating oils is shown, as well as the mechanism of inhibiting of the oxidation process by spatially-hindered phenols. The performed synthesis of sterically -hindered bisphenols containing disulfide bridges between benzene rings in o- and p-positions is considered. In addition, in this paper, geometric parameters (lengths of hydroxyl O-H bonds of sterically -hindered bisphenols) were calculated using the quantum-chemical calculations within the framework of the B3LYP/6-31++G(d, p) method. The same methods were used to calculate the distribution of electron density (partial charges according to Mulliken) on the oxygen atoms of the hydroxyl group and carbon atoms directly related to the phenolic group of the studied sterically-hindered bisphenols. On the basis of the work done, an estimated substantiation of the influence of the length of the hydroxyl bond and of the partial charges on oxygen atoms and the carbon atom directly related to it (which directly depend on the structure of the studied spatially-hindered bisphenols) on their antioxidant activity, is given.Forcitation:Tukhvatullin R.F., Kolchina G.Yu., Movsumzade E.M., Mamedova P.Sh., Babaev E.R. Synthesis and research of geometry and electronic density of hindered phenols used as antioxidant additives for lubricating oils. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 4-5. P. 84-92
A INFORMAÇÃO COMO SUBSÍDIO AO PROCESSO DE COMUNICAÇÃO
Authors: Catto Camilo , Melo da Silva Filho Edson
Published: April 2018

A comunicação é de fundamental importância para as organizações. Para concretização de um processo de comunicação eficaz é necessário estabelecer os insumos fundamentais ao processo de comunicação. O insumo nesta análise é a informação. O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar como a informação pode subsidiar o processo de comunicação. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica com a visão de vários autores considerados referências nessas áreas com intuito de discutir a informação como subsídio fundamental para a comunicação eficaz. Dentre as contribuições que este trabalho oferece destacam-se, além dos conceitos, modelos e estudos, o fomento para o desenvolvimento de futuras pesquisas na área de comunicação.
MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS NA INTERNET E AS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE DEMOCRATIZAÇÃO DA COMUNICAÇÃO
Authors: Azevedo Souza Danielle
Published: April 2018

Esta pesquisa é de natureza analítica e tem como objetivo avaliar a apropriação da Internet por movimentos sociais como ferramenta para reivindicação de políticas públicas de comunicação no Brasil. O uso da rede como um instrumento mais democrático e pluralista para a transmissão de informações é um assunto que tem sido amplamente discutido por pesquisadores da área, que demonstram opiniões diferenciadas, dado os problemas de conectividade enfrentados pelos países menos desenvolvidos, o alto custo de acesso e a falta de capacitação no uso da tecnologia. No Brasil, a participação popular na Internet é restritiva e a legislação existente não abrange os avanços tecnológicos nem a real universalização do acesso à comunicação. Além disso, a rede dificulta a intervenção estatal e, por mais que se caracterize como globalmente descentralizada, sua existência contraditoriamente se baseia em uma função centralizada, de alocação de endereços digitais e nomes de domínio.
As revistas mudam porque os suportes mudam: panorama do produto em formatos digitais
Authors: Dourado Tatiana Maria Silva Galvão
Published: April 2018

Propõe-se associar o panorama histórico da digitalização das revistas jornalísticas com a delimitação teórica acerca das materialidades no campo das Ciências da Comunicação. Para isso, é apresentado o processo de transição e consolidação do produto específico nos formatos digitais, desde os “teletexts magazines”, nos anos 1980, até as atuais “revistas sociais”, que, novamente, reorienta a lógica de distribuição e consumo de notícias. A pesquisa é possibilitada pelo método de revisão de literatura com foco na linha evolutiva das revistas, ainda escassa, e nos estudos sobre materialidades, exemplificada com estudos de casos ilustrativos, com intuito de compreender as diferentes atuações do produto nas interfaces virtuais.
Sorria, você está sendo lmado: o telejornalismo apócrifo e o efeito de tragicidade das imagens de videovigilância
Authors: Andrade Ana Paula Goulart de , Azevedo Sandro Tôrres de
Published: April 2018

A proposta deste artigo é analisar os efeitos de sentido advindos de imagens capturadas especificamente por videovigilância e utilizadas na narrativa construída pelos telejornais locais e nacionais, dando continuidade à pesquisa sobre o "telejornalismo apócrifo", empreendida pelos autores desde 2010. Pretende-se aqui questionar os critérios de noticiabilidade a partir da escolha de enquadramentos e tratamentos próprios do Jornalismo Televisivo que remetam à ideia de tragicidade. Busca-se explorar fundamentos teóricos relacionados à questão do discurso midiático no cenário contemporâneo (mormente a conceitos dados por autores de áreas conexas à Comunicação, como Michel Foucault, Mauro Wolf, Peter Berger e Thomas Luckman, Erving Goffman, entre outros), para se estabelecer uma reflexão sobre o objeto de pesquisa e sobre os objetos de análise elencados. Ainda para alcançar esse objetivo, utiliza-se o ferramental teórico da Semiótica Discursiva Francesa (greimasiana), especialmente sob a visão de Eric Landowski. Um comercial da marca Coca-cola e uma matéria telejornalística baseados em imagens de videovigilância servirão de artifícios para o estudo de caso e verificação das proposições relacionadas ao universo discursivo que figura atualmente nas práticas telejornalísticas.
ComuniCode: do jornalismo multimídia hiperlocal à esfera pública internacional
Authors: Barcellos Zanei Ramos , Bozza Gabriel Alexandre
Published: April 2018

Este trabalho discute teoricamente a possibilidade do estabelecimento da esfera pública internacional no ciberespaço com o enfraquecimento do Estado-Nação e fortalecimento do poder decisório local e da cidadania, ao mesmo tempo em que mostra o jornalismo em constante reconfiguração para apresentar notícias segmentadas voltadas ao público (hiper)local, em tempo real, distribuídas pela rede mundial de computadores ubíqua e recebidas pelos cidadãos do mundo em seus aparatos móveis, que replicam e interferem na sua produção e viram emissores de comunicação em massa. Assim apresentamos a experiência laboratorial de um produto jornalístico hiperlocal distribuído por QR Code, o ComuniCode, pela turma do terceiro ano de Jornalismo da PUCPR, no segundo semestre de 2011. Os alunos acharam uma forma de utilizar o código em produto jornalístico com a criação de um jornal digital multimídia hiperlocal, com distribuição via QR Code com leitura e acessibilidade por mobiles, como em smarthphones 3G.
O Facebook como espaço público virtualizado nas eleições
Authors: Ferreira Karla de Lourdes , Veloso Maria do Socorro Furtado
Published: April 2018

O uso das mídias sociais para a divulgação de campanhas eleitorais tem sido uma das estratégias de propaganda dos candidatos para ampliação da visibilidade política. Um dos diferenciais desses dispositivos é proporcionar a interação entre os participantes. A cada eleição, a busca por outros meios de propagação de conteúdo e aproximação e comunicação com eleitores se tornou relevante para quem pleiteia um cargo político. Este artigo se propõe a analisar práticas de participação dos eleitores e comentários disponibilizados no Facebook por cinco candidatos a prefeito de Natal (RN), entre 21 e 30 de setembro de 2012. Foi estudada uma parte desses comentários e conversas, com ênfase na interação entre eleitores e candidatos. O objetivo foi entender o modo como os internautas participaram do jogo político eleitoral naquele ano. Notou-se que os candidatos deram ênfase a conteúdo voltado para o ritmo cotidiano de propaganda eleitoral, como os compromissos de carreatas e caminhadas pelos bairros da cidade, mensagens de ataque aos concorrentes e o registro das atividades de campanha, o que repercutiu na dinâmica dos comentários, que foram, em sua maioria, de apoio, parabenização, otimismo e mobilização. O método empregado foi a etnografia virtual, com observação e descrição das práticas online desses atores.
“Adictos” a los dispositivos digitales. Una mirada crítica sobre el diagnóstico del problema
Authors: Winocur Rosalía
Published: April 2018

En este artículo abordamos de manera crítica la tendencia dominante instalada en los medios de comunicación y en algunos ámbitos académicos, de caracterizar el deseo de estar permanentemente conectados como una nueva patología social. En su lugar se propone una mirada socio antropológica sobre el problema, que trasciende el diagnóstico de la enajenación digital como producto de nuestra relación compulsiva con las nuevas tecnologías de comunicación, para ubicar su explicación en los dilemas sociales y culturales de nuestro tiempo.
Organicidade de classe e empresas jornalísticas: uma crítica à ideia de Partido da Imprensa
Authors: Venturini Fábio César
Published: April 2018

A atuação parcial de veículos de imprensa na cobertura de temas ligados a governos de diversos níveis, em função do partido que ocupa a gestão da coisa pública, fez com que jornalistas independentes utilizassem a ideia de “Partido da Imprensa” para designar um grupo de empresas que trabalhariam como organizações político-partidárias com atuação mais intensa em período eleitoral. Este artigo propõe a análise das características destas empresas, sua formação história e relações com o poder para verificar se o seu caráter é partidário. Foi usado o método materialista-dialético de articulação bibliográfica e de fontes para analisar a sua formação histórica, relações político-econômicas e avaliar se a ideia de “partido da imprensa” trata de uma “sloganização”, ou seja, a síntese de forma didática de uma ideia complexa que acaba por interditar a possibilidade de compreensão do objeto.