bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Future‐like‐ours as a metaphysical reductio ad absurdum argument of personal identity
Authors: Chaffer Tomer Jordi
Published: February 2023

Don Marquis' future‐like‐ours account is regarded as the best secular anti‐abortion position because he frames abortion as a wrongful killing via deprivation of a valuable future. Marquis objects to the reductio ad absurdum of contraception as being immoral because it is too difficult to identify an individual that is deprived of a future. To demonstrate why Marquis’ treatment of the contraception reductio is flawed by his own future‐like‐ours line of reasoning, I offer an argument for why there is indeed a candidate for harm—the ovum—for it can be viewed as providing the functional foundation for a new life through (1) mitochondrial DNA inheritance, (2) paternal histone restructuring during fertilization, and (3) ability to initiate parthenogenesis. As evidenced by these distinct and natural features of ova, candidate (2) “some ovum or other” should be morally prioritized as the direct candidate for harm in the contraception reductio. By assessing the philosophical inconsistencies in Marquis’ future‐like‐ours argument, this paper provides strong metaphysical grounds for rejecting the best secular anti‐abortion position.
Primary cilia, A‐kinase anchoring proteins and constitutive activity at the orphan G protein‐coupled receptor GPR161: A tale about a tail
Authors: Patel Kinjal , Smith Nicola J.
Published: February 2023

Primary cilia are non‐motile antennae‐like structures responsible for sensing environmental changes in most mammalian cells. Ciliary signalling is largely mediated by the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway, which acts as a master regulator of ciliary protein transit and is essential for normal embryonic development. One particularly important player in primary cilia is the orphan G protein‐coupled receptor, GPR161. In this review, we introduce GPR161 in the context of Shh signalling and describe the unique features on its C‐terminus such as PKA phosphorylation sites and an A‐kinase anchoring protein motif, which may influence the function of the receptor, cAMP compartmentalisation and/or trafficking within primary cilia. We discuss the recent putative pairing of GPR161 and spexin‐1, highlighting the additional steps needed before GPR161 could be considered ‘deorphanised’. Finally, we speculate that the marked constitutive activity and unconventional regulation of GPR161 may indicate that the receptor may not require an endogenous ligand.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc
A waterfowl seed‐dispersal network from the Neotropical region is nested and modular
Authors: Silva Giliandro G. , Pizo Marco Aurélio , Green Andy J. , Sebastián‐González Esther , Bugoni Leandro , Maltchik Leonardo
Published: February 2023

Seed dispersal by vertebrates is fundamental for the persistence of plant species, forming networks of interactions that are often nested and modular. Networks involving angiosperms and frugivorous birds are relatively well‐studied in the Neotropical region, but there are no previous studies of networks involving waterbirds. Here, we describe the structure of a Neotropical waterfowl seed‐dispersal network and identify the species that have an important role for the network structure. We used information on 40 plant taxa found in fecal samples of five common waterfowl species to calculate the nestedness (NODF), weighted nestedness (WNODF), modularity, and weighted modularity of the network. We found that the network was nested, with yellow‐billed teal showing the highest contribution both to nestedness and weighted nestedness. Twenty‐four plant species contributed positively to weighted nestedness, with Salzmann's mille graines presenting the highest influence both to nestedness and weighted nestedness. The network was modular, but the weighted modularity was not significant. These results need to be considered with caution due to incomplete interaction sampling for two species. Ringed teal, Brazilian teal, and yellow‐billed teal were considered hub modular species. Among plants, beak sedges and water snowflake were considered modular hub species, while Salzmann's mille graines and spikerush were network connectors. The structure of this Neotropical waterbird seed‐dispersal network differed from the only previous waterfowl network study, from Europe, which found similar level of nestedness but no significant modularity. We include several possible explanations for this discrepancy and identified priorities for future research into waterbird–plant interaction networks.

Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Adverse childhood experiences and association with poorer health and health‐harming behaviours in adulthood among the Americans
Authors: Islam M. Mazharul , Rashid Maieasha , Rashid Mamunur
Published: February 2023

Background

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) such as abuse and neglect have an immediate impact on children and are associated with poorer health and behavioural outcomes in adulthood. This study examined the prevalence of ACEs and their association with socio‐demographic factors, physical and mental health, morbidity and health‐harming behaviours in adulthood among Americans.

Method

Data for the study come from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), covering a sample of 116 032 adult respondents from 22 states of the United States. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including multiple logistic regression models, were employed to analyse the data.

Results

At least one kind of ACE was found to be quite common among American adults, as 60% of adults had at least one kind of ACE, 22.5% had one ACE and 17% had four or more ACEs during 0–17 years of life. Of the total ACEs, 42.2% were due to abuse (physical, emotional or sexual), and 46% were due to any kind of household dysfunction. There is an increasing trend in ACEs in the United States. Adults with low socio‐economic status, female, living in urban areas, gay or bisexual orientation, minority other than White and unemployed had a significantly higher prevalence of ACEs than their counterparts. ACEs were found to be significantly associated with poor physical and mental health; health‐harming behaviours such as binge drinking, heavy drinking and smoking; and chronic morbidities.

Conclusion

Programmes aimed at reducing ACEs and mitigating the harms of ACEs among those who have already experienced them should be strengthened to improve public health and quality of life and reduce health‐harming behaviours.
“I always think about tomorrow what I'll eat” an exploration of the experiences of adolescents in poor urban contexts in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Ade Diana , Salifu Yendork Joana , Darkwah Ernest
Published: February 2023

Poverty deprives children and adolescents of good sanitation, nutrition, shelter, education, quality water, health services and negatively lead to poor physical and mental health. However, limited studies exist on the experiences of adolescents in poor urban contexts in Ghana. Using 20 adolescents from James Town, Accra, findings show adolescents look beyond money when conceptualizing poverty. They also encounter both pleasant and negative experiences in their context while remaining determined to pursue education for a better future. Implications are discussed considering the need to promote communal support because of its relevance to the well‐being of the adolescents within poor urban contexts.
Long‐term performance of implants with moderately rough anodized surface supporting single‐tooth restorations: A retrospective analysis with an up to 15‐year follow‐up
Authors: Kowar Jan , Lund Henrik , Stenport Victoria Franke
Published: February 2023

Objectives

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate long‐term clinical and radiologic performance of anodized surface implants supporting single implant restorations.

Materials and Methods

Patients who received at least one anodized surface implant for a single‐tooth restoration between 2003 and 2004 in the Brånemark clinic (Göteborg, Sweden) were included in the study. The assessed outcomes included implant survival, biological and technical complications, as well as marginal bone levels (MBL) based on radiographs. Baseline data on patient demographics, implant placement, and surgery details were also collected. The cumulative survival rate (CSR) was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.

Results

The study included 97 patients with 129 implants. Mean patient age at the time of implant placement was 31.7 ± 16.4 years. All implants were placed in a two‐stage approach with delayed loading. The last follow‐up visit was on average 13.4 ± 4.8 years after implant insertion. Three implants failed, yielding the implant‐level 15‐year CSR of 97.4%. Majority of the implants had no biological (70.5%) nor technical (81.4%) complications. The mean MBL was −1.0 ± 0.7 mm (n = 101) at prosthetic placement and −1.8 ± 1.0 mm (n = 80) at the last follow‐up, while the mean marginal bone loss (MBL) from prosthetic placement to last follow‐up was 0.6 ± 1.1 mm (n = 65).

Conclusions

Moderately rough anodized implants have shown favorable long‐term outcomessingle‐tooth indication, with high survival and a low rate of technical complications. Furthermore, long‐term studies are needed to present longitudinal data on peri‐implantitis.
Gender differences in clinical characteristics of patients with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in different age groups in northern China
Authors: Zhou Yu‐yan , Wang Yu‐hong , He Si‐qi , Wang Wan‐ying , Wang Xiao‐yue , Li De‐shuai , Chen Xiao‐ting , Feng Xiao‐kai , Bu Xiao‐ning
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Patient gender has clinical and prognostic implications in non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, yet the potential effect of gender on clinical characteristics of patients with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is still unclear.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the gender differences in clinical characteristics of patients with bronchiectasis in different age groups in northern China.

Methods

A total of 777 patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis were retrospectively included in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital and divided into two groups by gender: the male group and the female group. Each group was then subdivided into two according to their age (≤65 and >65 years). Gender differences in clinical characteristics were compared in all patients with bronchiectasis in the two age groups, respectively.

Results

A total of 777 bronchiectasis patients were included. Of these patients, the prevalence of female non‐smokers was substantially higher than that of male non‐smokers (94.0% vs. 36.8%). There were gender differences in etiology of bronchiectasis, with more post‐measles and connective tissue disease in females (p = 0.006 and 0.002 separately) and more chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in males (p < 0.001). The male group had a significantly higher C‐reactive protein (CRP) on admission (p = 0.03). Female patients showed a higher forced expiratory volume in 1 s as percentage of predicted volume (FEV1%pred) and forced vital capacity rate of 1 s (FEV1/FVC) (p < 0.001), lower partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) (p = 0.04) and hospital costs (p = 0.02) than males, and a higher prevalence of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in >65‐year‐old group (p = 0.019).

Conclusions

There were many differences between male and female patients in smoking status, etiology, lung function, blood gas analysis, and hospital costs in all patients or different age groups.
Mapping student understanding of bees: Implications for pollinator conservation
Authors: Cruz Shannon M. , Grozinger Christina M.
Published: February 2023

Global declines in populations of several bee species have highlighted the importance of efforts to conserve bees and other pollinators. Because research on the social dimensions of pollinator conservation is limited, however, developing clear strategies to promote conservation behaviors remains a challenge. In an effort to contribute to understanding of these social dimensions of conservation, we used semantic network analysis and content coding to investigate knowledge and understanding of bees among U.S. college students with either a low (n = 233) or high (n = 93) interest in this topic. Results revealed that both groups' understanding of bees was organized around their utilitarian value for humans, particularly honey production. Furthermore, although student knowledge of bees was fairly accurate, it was not very sophisticated. Knowledge about honey bees was also more accurate than knowledge about bees in general. Implications for future conservation and education efforts are discussed.
Eczematized psoriasis – a frequent but often neglected variant of plaque psoriasis
Authors: Lauffer Felix , Eyerich Kilian
Published: February 2023

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that causes systemic inflammation and severely impacts the patient's quality of life. Several highly effective therapeutics for psoriasis have been approved in recent years. However, in real life, a high proportion of patients either do not experience the clinical improvement observed in clinical trials or develop a secondary loss of efficacy. This may be a result of unrecognized endotypes of psoriasis that need to be characterized in greater depth to enable selection of an appropriate therapy. Eczematized psoriasis, which occurs in approximately 5–10% of patients with psoriasis, is an often‐neglected variant of psoriasis. The term “eczematized psoriasis” refers to patients developing psoriasis with similarities to eczema. These patients typically present with severe itching, and skin biopsies often reveal eosinophil granulocytes, serum crusts, or spongiosis, which are frequently observed in eczema. From an immunological perspective, additional signaling pathways that are responsible for eczema reactions might be activated in eczematized psoriasis compared to classical plaque psoriasis. This review summarizes the key clinical, histological, and immunological features of eczematized psoriasis, proposes diagnostic criteria, and evaluates the therapeutic options for eczematized psoriasis.
Investigating the impact of a community disaster awareness training on subjective disaster preparedness: the case of Myanmar's Ayeyarwaddy region
Authors: Gouda Moamen , Yang Yunjeong
Published: February 2023

This paper investigates the impact of a community disaster awareness training on subjective disaster preparedness, focusing on the case of a Republic of Korean aid‐supported disaster risk reduction project in the Ayeyarwaddy region of Myanmar. A subsequent survey by the authors of a total of 182 households, an equal number of project participating and control households, produced encouraging results regarding the endeavour. Although both ordinal logistic regression and ordinary least squares models support overall robust effectiveness of participating in the project, the results also reveal different effects of specific activities. Disaster risk reduction (DRR) awareness meetings and trainings, and personal visits to share knowledge and/or to distribute informative flyers, are important. In contrast, the significance of drills or community activities, in mass, is lost in a combined model. Consequently, ‘personalising risk’ should be prioritised in any DRR undertaking, as well as, and in particular, development cooperation aimed at increasing confidence in disaster preparedness.
Soil nitrogen dynamics drive regional variation in nitrogen use efficiency in rice: A multi‐scale study
Authors: Zhao Xu , Cai Siyuan , Yang Binggeng , Zhao Huicheng , Zeng Ke , Fan Pengfei , Bi Shiting , Li Pengfei , Liu Yujuan , Wang Yingying , Liu Xiuyun , Yang Yong , Zhou Wei , Yin Bin , Liu Binbin , Zhang Zhenhua , Peng Xianlong , Müller Christoph , Zhang Jinbo , Yan Xiaoyuan
Published: February 2023

Northeast and East China account for ~36% of the Chinese rice cultivation area, yet considerable spatial disparities in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) exist between these regions. The underlying causes remain poorly understood. Herein, we conducted a case study in two sample sites from two regions, Wuchang and Changshu, using multi‐scale evidence chains spanning macro‐ and micro‐ processes to identify the determinants of spatial NUE variability. Field studies showed higher NUE (partial factor productivity, PFP, and agronomic efficiency, AE) but lower ammonia volatilisation in Wuchang paddy soil. By separating edaphic factors from climatic conditions, soil replacement pot studies between Wuchang and Changshu revealed that both apparent (AE and recovery efficiency, RE) and 15N‐traced NUE were higher, whereas 15N fertilizer losses were lower in Wuchang‐soil than Changshu‐soil irrespective of site, suggesting soil type contributed to differences in soil N retention capacity and NUE of the soils. Process‐scale results showed that greater rates of gross N mineralizsation (13‐fold higher), gross nitrification (93% higher), and denitrification (52% higher) in Changshu‐soil compared to Wuchang‐soil corresponded to functional gene relative abundance, signifying larger reactive N losses and reduced soil N retention capacity. Microbial community analysis suggested that the differential N transformations were caused by differences in ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) family nitrososphaeraceae and Nitrospira‐like nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (NOB). This highlights the importance of specific efficiency‐enhanced strategies tailored to the edaphic characteristics of cropping regions, such as increasing soil N retention capacity using enhanced‐efficiency fertilizer in East China, while implementing conservation management strategies in Northeast China.

Highlights

Field‐scale studies revealed higher NUE and lower NH3 volatilisation in Wuchang site.

Soil replacement pot studies showed higher NUE in Wuchang‐soil regardless of sites.

Process‐scale results unravelled high N losses and low soil N retention in Changshu‐soil.

Varying NUE partially correlated with Nitrososphaeraceae AOA and Nitrospira‐like NOB.
Two‐Year observational study of autonomic skin function in patients with Parkinson's disease compared to healthy individuals
Authors: Siepmann Timo , Arndt Martin , Sedghi Annahita , Szatmári Szabolcs , Horváth Tamás , Takáts Annamária , Bereczki Dániel , Moskopp Mats Leif , Buchmann Sylvia , Skowronek Cornelia , Zago Wagner , Woranush Warunya , Lapusca Razvan , Weidemann Marie Luise , Gibbons Christopher H. , Freeman Roy , Reichmann Heinz , Puetz Volker , Barlinn Kristian , Pintér Alexandra , Illigens Ben Min‐Woo
Published: February 2023

Background and purpose

We characterized autonomic pilomotor and sudomotor skin function in early Parkinson's disease (PD) longitudinally.

Methods

We enrolled PD patients (Hoehn and Yahr 1–2) and healthy controls from movement disorder centers in Germany, Hungary, and the United States. We evaluated axon‐reflex responses in adrenergic sympathetic pilomotor nerves and in cholinergic sudomotor nerves and assessed sympathetic skin response (SSR), predominantly parasympathetic neurocardiac function via heart rate variability, and disease‐related symptoms at baseline, after 2 weeks, and after 1 and 2 years. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03043768.

Results

We included 38 participants: 26 PD (60% females, aged 62.4 ± 7.4 years, mean ± SD) and 12 controls (75% females, aged 59.5 ± 5.8 years). Pilomotor function was reduced in PD compared to controls at baseline when quantified via spatial axon‐reflex spread (78 [43–143], median [interquartile range] mm2 vs. 175 [68–200] mm2, p = 0.01) or erect hair follicle count in the axon‐reflex region (8 [6–10] vs. 11 [6–16], p = 0.008) and showed reliability absent any changes from baseline to Week 2 (p = not significant [ns]). Between‐group differences increased over the course of 2 years (p < 0.05), although no decline was observed within groups (p = ns). Pilomotor impairment in PD correlated with motor symptoms (rho = −0.59, p = 0.017) and was not lateralized (p = ns). Sudomotor axon‐reflex and neurocardiac function did not differ between groups (p = ns), but SSR was reduced in PD (p = 0.0001).

Conclusions

Impairment of adrenergic sympathetic pilomotor function and SSR in evolving PD is not paralleled by changes to cholinergic sudomotor function and parasympathetic neurocardiac function, suggesting a sympathetic pathophysiology. A pilomotor axon‐reflex test might be useful to monitor PD‐related pathology.
Cluster headache polygenetic risk and known functional variants of CYP3A4 are not associated with treatment response
Authors: Petersen Anja Sofie , Barloese Mads , Lund Nunu , Pedersen Adam Friis , Søborg Marie‐Louise Kulas , Chalmer Mona Ameri , Callesen Ida , Winsvold Bendik Slagsvold , Zwart John‐Anker ,   DBDS Genomic Consortium, Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Pedersen Ole Birger , Sellebjerg Finn , Søndergaard Helle Bach , Hansen Malene Bredahl , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Hansen Thomas Folkmann
Published: February 2023

Background and purpose

The response to cluster headache treatments has a high interindividual variation. To date, treatment response has only been assessed by a candidate gene approach and no investigations into metabolic pathways have been performed. Our aim was to investigate the association between the polygenetic risk of cluster headache and treatment response to first‐line cluster headache treatments as well as known functional variants of CYP3A4 and the response to verapamil. Further, it was aimed to replicate previous single nucleotide polymorphisms found to be associated with treatment response in cluster headache and/or migraine.

Methods

In, 508 cluster headache patients diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders were genotyped and participated in a semi‐structured interview to evaluate treatment response. Polygenetic risk scores were calculated by the effect retrieved from a meta‐analysis of the latest two genome‐wide association studies on cluster headache.

Results

Inferior treatment response to oxygen, triptans and verapamil is associated with chronicity of cluster headache were confirmed but no evidence was found that a response could be predicted by a high genetic risk of cluster headache. Likewise, verapamil response was not associated with functional variants of CYP3A4. No support of the genetic variants previously reported to be associated with treatment response to triptans or verapamil was found.

Conclusion

The clinically relevant variation in treatment response for cluster headache was not influenced by genetic factors in the present study.
Efficacy and safety of fremanezumab for migraine prophylaxis in patients with at least three previous preventive failures: Prospective, multicenter, real‐world data from a Greek registry
Authors: Argyriou Andreas A. , Dermitzakis Emmanouil V. , Xiromerisiou Georgia , Rallis Dimitrios , Soldatos Panagiotis , Litsardopoulos Pantelis , Vikelis Michail
Published: February 2023

Objective

To prospectively assess the efficacy and safety of fremanezumab for migraine prophylaxis in patients with failure of at least three previous preventive treatments. Changes in disability as quality‐of‐life outcomes after fremanezumab treatment were also examined.

Methods

Two hundred and four patients with either high‐frequency EM (HFEM) or chronic migraine (CM), who attained at least three consecutive monthly sessions with fremanezumab 225 mg and otherwise met the inclusion criteria, were included in the study. The crude response (at least 50% reduction in monthly headache days [MHD]) rates to fremanezumab were assessed. Scores in the following efficacy outcomes were then compared from baseline to the last efficacy evaluation follow‐up: (i) MHD, (ii) monthly days with moderate/severe peak headache intensity, and (iii) monthly days with intake of abortive medication. The disability was evaluated with the Migraine Disability Assessment; the quality of life (QOL) status was assessed with the Headache Impact‐6 Test, and the EQ‐5D questionnaire.

Results

In the majority of HFEM cases (n = 81/97; 83.5%) and CM patients (n = 67/107; 62.6%), fremanezumab proved effective in reducing the MHDs by at least 50% and was associated with clinically meaningful improvement in all other efficacy variables. The migraine‐related disability experienced by our patients decreased and their QOL increased. We recorded just 36 cases reporting mild adverse events, including pain, rash or pruritus (n = 26), flu‐like symptoms (n = 8), and hair loss (n = 2).

Conclusion

With our prospective results, we provide further real‐world data to support the favorable benefit/risk profile of fremanezumab in the prophylaxis of both HFEM and CM.
Site matters: Central neuropathic pain characteristics and somatosensory findings after brain and spinal cord lesions
Authors: Barbosa Luciana Mendonça , Valerio Fernanda , Pereira Samira Luisa Apóstolos , da Silva Valquíria Aparecida , de Lima Rodrigues Antônia Lilian , Galhardoni Ricardo , Yeng Lin Tchia , Rosi Jefferson , Conforto Adriana Bastos , Lucato Leandro Tavares , Lemos Marcelo Delboni , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , de Andrade Daniel Ciampi
Published: February 2023

Background

It is unknown if different etiologies or lesion topographies influence central neuropathic pain (CNP) clinical manifestation.

Methods

We explored the symptom–somatosensory profile relationships in CNP patients with different types of lesions to the central nervous system to gain insight into CNP mechanisms. We compared the CNP profile through pain descriptors, standardized bedside examination, and quantitative sensory test in two different etiologies with segregated lesion locations: the brain, central poststroke pain (CPSP, n = 39), and the spinal cord central pain due to spinal cord injury (CPSCI, n = 40) in neuromyelitis optica.

Results

Results are expressed as median (25th to 75th percentiles). CPSP presented higher evoked and paroxysmal pain scores compared to CPSCI (p < 0.001), and lower cold thermal limen (5.6°C [0.0–12.9]) compared to CPSCI (20.0°C [4.2–22.9]; p = 0.004). CPSCI also had higher mechanical pain thresholds (784.5 mN [255.0–1078.0]) compared to CPSP (235.2 mN [81.4–1078.0], p = 0.006) and higher mechanical detection threshold compared to control areas (2.7 [1.5–6.2] vs. 1.0 [1.0–3.3], p = 0.007). Evoked pain scores negatively correlated with mechanical pain thresholds (r = −0.38, p < 0.001) and wind‐up ratio (r = −0.57, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

CNP of different etiologies may present different pain descriptors and somatosensory profiles, which is likely due to injury site differences within the neuroaxis. This information may help better design phenotype mechanism correlations and impact trial designs for the main etiologies of CNP, namely stroke and spinal cord lesions. This study provides evidence that topography may influence pain symptoms and sensory profile. The findings suggest that CNP mechanisms might vary according to pain etiology or lesion topography, impacting future mechanism‐based treatment choices.
Relative entropy is an easy‐to‐use invasive electroencephalographic biomarker of the epileptogenic zone
Authors: Travnicek Vojtech , Klimes Petr , Cimbalnik Jan , Halamek Josef , Jurak Pavel , Brinkmann Benjamin , Balzekas Irena , Abdallah Chifaou , Dubeau François , Frauscher Birgit , Worrell Greg , Brazdil Milan
Published: February 2023

Objective

High‐frequency oscillations are considered among the most promising interictal biomarkers of the epileptogenic zone in patients suffering from pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy. However, there is no clear definition of pathological high‐frequency oscillations, and the existing detectors vary in methodology, performance, and computational costs. This study proposes relative entropy as an easy‐to‐use novel interictal biomarker of the epileptic tissue.

Methods

We evaluated relative entropy and high‐frequency oscillation biomarkers on intracranial electroencephalographic data from 39 patients with seizure‐free postoperative outcome (Engel Ia) from three institutions. We tested their capability to localize the epileptogenic zone, defined as resected contacts located in the seizure onset zone. The performance was compared using areas under the receiver operating curves (AUROCs) and precision‐recall curves. Then we tested whether a universal threshold can be used to delineate the epileptogenic zone across patients from different institutions.

Results

Relative entropy in the ripple band (80–250 Hz) achieved an average AUROC of .85. The normalized high‐frequency oscillation rate in the ripple band showed an identical AUROC of .85. In contrast to high‐frequency oscillations, relative entropy did not require any patient‐level normalization and was easy and fast to calculate due to its clear and straightforward definition. One threshold could be set across different patients and institutions, because relative entropy is independent of signal amplitude and sampling frequency.

Significance

Although both relative entropy and high‐frequency oscillations have a similar performance, relative entropy has significant advantages such as straightforward definition, computational speed, and universal interpatient threshold, making it an easy‐to‐use promising biomarker of the epileptogenic zone.
SERPINB7 mutation causes Nagashima‐type palmoplantar keratosis and its spatiotemporal expression in zebrafish
Authors: Lyu Chen , Zhang Fan , Liu Tingting , Yu Gongqi , Ge Kangkang , Chen Shengli , Sheng Donglai , Sun Yonghu
Published: February 2023

Serine protease inhibitor B7 (SERPINB7) mutations have been reported to cause Nagashima‐type palmoplantar keratosis (NPPK), but their biological effects are largely unknown. We conducted whole‐exome sequencing and identified a c.796C>T (p.Arg266Ter) mutation in SERPINB7 in a Chinese pedigree, which presented as an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. We assessed the function of SERPINB7 in homozygous and heterozygous mutation carriers, and the results suggested that the single c.796C>T mutation may alter the subcellular localization of SERPINB7. One of the homozygous mutation patients (II‐3) was treated with ixekizumab and showed moderate improvement in keratinization. In addition, we analysed the spatiotemporal expression of serpinb1l1 and serpinb1l3, the zebrafish homologue of human SERPINB7, which is expressed in larvae and adults. In larvae, both serpinb1l1 and serpinb1l3 were expressed in the digestive tract. Then, we performed RT‐PCR on adult fins based on similarity to the site of NPPK expression in humans and found that the genes were expressed in five fins (pectoral, pelvic, dorsal, anal and caudal) of the zebrafish distal extremity. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the single c.796C>T (p.Arg266Ter) mutation may alter the location of SERPINB7‐encoded protein in the skin, while zebrafish SERPINB7 homologue was expressed in adult fins. These findings will enable us to construct knock‐out models to explore the pathogenesis of palmoplantar keratosis.
Pandemic politics and the rise of immigration: Online attitudes towards Westerners and the west in China
Authors: Ang Sylvia , Martin Fran
Published: February 2023

This article aims to unpack discourses of ‘race’ and racializations associated with White Western foreign residents in China amid pandemic politics. China's proposal to loosen visa regulations for non‐citizens during the pandemic (February 2020) sparked many racist and nationalistic sentiments online. Since then, exposés of the ‘special treatment’ foreigners apparently demand during quarantine in China have met significant online backlash. Anti‐foreigner sentiments are at a new high and not only against African migrants, who have been the focus of extant studies. COVID‐19 hit the world at a time of vast international migration into China and China's growing power, and the revival of existing racializations and the ignition of new ones are intricately linked with these phenomena. This article proposes that understanding the conditioning contexts of Chinese postcoloniality and state‐led patriotism can enable valuable insights into the emerging racialization of White Westerners in pandemic‐era China.
Reconciling emotional caregiving and self‐fulfilment: Peruvian migrants in Switzerland supporting parents in Peru
Authors: Carbajal Myrian , Ramírez Carolina , Cavagnoud Robin , Stefoni Carolina
Published: February 2023

This article explores filial transnational caregiving from a subjective and emotional perspective. It analyses the relationship between pursuit of personal fulfilment and concern for parental well‐being among Peruvian migrants in Switzerland whose parents remain in Peru. Based on in‐depth interviews, we analyse the importance assigned to personal goals, the resignification of filial obligations, and how migrants reconcile the desire to be a ‘good’ son or daughter with the desire for self‐fulfilment. This process, strongly shaped by gender and social class, involves the negotiation of distinct principles of autonomy and filial obligation prevailing in the country of origin and destination. Turning our attention to less explored emotions, such as pride and a sense of fulfilment, we show how to deal with principles that may be in tension, migrant children construe the pursuit of self‐fulfilment and the desire to accomplish family responsibilities as interdependent dynamics in the context of filial transnational caregiving.
Calling multinational enterprises to account: CSOs, supranational institutions and business practices in the global south
Authors: Ford Michele , Gillan Michael , Thein Htwe Htwe
Published: February 2023

How do civil society organizations (CSOs) use state‐backed supranational institutions to call multinational enterprises (MNEs) to account? There are few studies of precisely how CSOs—union and other—use institutional power in global value chain (GVC) governance or the impact of institutional change on actor behaviour. To address this gap, we assess the impact of changes in the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on CSO engagement with MNEs, comparing complaints lodged by CSOs before and after the Guidelines were revised in June 2011 to accommodate the rise in global prominence of the human rights and business frame. In our analysis, we focus on how constitutive and institutional power plays out in GVC governance, with special attention to the impact of institutional change on actor behaviour. Our analysis reveals that this state‐backed mechanism provides CSOs with a structure through which to address human rights violations in some MNEs’ supply chains but also that, despite its high degree of reflexivity, ongoing design flaws limit its capacity to address the uneven distribution of power not only between CSOs and MNEs, but among CSOs themselves. In doing so, we draw attention to the need for further research on the dynamic multilevel interactions between the configuration and adjustment of supranational institutions and how these mediate CSO and MNE interactions.
Male and female academics' gendered perceptions of academic work and career progression in China
Authors: Horta Hugo , Tang Li
Published: February 2023

This article explores the experiences of male and female academics in China's higher education system concerning career progression and examines how they perceive the challenges faced by the opposite gender. Our analysis of interviews with 40 academics from a research university revealed that academics' experience of career progression is informed by gendered divisions of labour at home and work and by gendered role expectations that are prevalent in Chinese culture. Female academics reported performing a disproportionate amount of household work: some felt satisfied with having moderately successful academic careers, whereas others aspired to do more but grappled with the difficulties of doing so. In contrast, male academics mentioned great pressure to pursue promotion and career progression: they reported feeling less work–family stress but were fearful of failing in their role as breadwinners. Male and female academics showed mixed comprehension of each other's plight, but in general, female academics recognised that male academics faced higher career expectations but lower household burdens, and male academics felt that female academics had lower career expectations and many more burdens and constraints. Male academics tended to stress biological and societal reasons for gender differences in Chinese academia, whereas female academics highlighted the power of cultural and social beliefs. We argue that the challenges faced by Chinese academics can only be mitigated if gender‐specific promotion paths that recognise men's and women's social roles and obligations are made available.
Influence of job autonomy on job crafting of dental hygienists
Authors: Jang Young‐Eun , Kim Nam‐Hee
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Job autonomy focuses on the job performance and tasks of health providers with a national licence in South Korea, which affects job crafting, to develop job competency. This study was conducted to identify the influence of job autonomy on job crafting of dental hygienists.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 411 dental hygienists extracted through convenience sampling from a pool of 35,000 clinical dental hygienists in South Korea. Measuring tool are Korean version of the Job Crafting Questionnaire (JCQ‐K) and job autonomy questionnaire (JAQ). To investigate the level of job autonomy and crafting of dental hygienists based on their general characteristics, t‐tests and one‐way ANOVAs were performed. Pearson correlation was performed to determine the linear correlation between autonomy and crafting. To determine whether job autonomy affects job crafting, an adjusted regression analysis was conducted using general characteristics as control variables.

Results

High job autonomy and job crafting were associated with increases in participant age with job experience as a senior staff, education level, and work environment, such as dental office or hospital. A significant positive correlation was observed (r = 0.64) between job autonomy and job crafting. Job autonomy (β = 0.58) and dental/medical hospital in university (β = 0.13) had a significant relationship with dental hygienists' job crafting.

Conclusions

Job autonomy could positively influence the job crafting of dental hygienists in South Korea. Our findings suggest that job latitude should be redesigned to promote task competency and social responsibility with a health outcome perspective for the population as well as the dental hygiene profession.
Machine learning in Al2TiO5 flexible ceramics with microcrcaks strengthened for damage mode automatic identification
Authors: Shan Qingliang , Ma Qian , Xue Yudong , Li Haolin , Yang Xiaoyan , Shui Anze
Published: February 2023

The damage modes of Al2TiO5 flexible ceramics (AT) with microcracks strengthened were studied by machine leaning for damage mode identification. Results show that the optimal number of clusters increases from 3 to 4 with the increase of ZrO2 content. Meanwhile, the concentrated region of cluster with the same label gradually shifts to the direction of low amplitude with increase of ZrO2. In addition, the quantity of cluster is easy saturated since the AT grain boundary microcracks are strengthened by the formation of ZrTiO4. For achieving the automatic identification of different damage modes, support vector machine based on Kennard‐stone training set selection was used to distinguish the damage modes of other samples in the same sample set. Almost the same evolution trend of corresponding clusters in new samples and training samples proves high efficiencies of this method.
Effect on bread properties of partial substitution of wheat flour with oat flour and flour from oat grain germinated in the light or dark
Authors: He Xinyi , Li Xiao , Chen Dongfang , Huang Shirong , Tao Nengguo
Published: February 2023

Native oat flour (NOF), light‐germinated oat flour (LOF), and dark‐germinated oat flour (DOF) were used to replace a portion of wheat flour to make bread. Adding 10% (w/w) oat flour contributed to a lower specific volume and darker crust and crumb than control, while light treatment during germination, significantly affected these three indices. Adding oat flour increased the hardness and chewiness values of bread crumbs by nearly 1–2‐fold compared to the control. Adding oat flour especially germinated oat flour significantly increased the bio‐accessible polyphenol content of bread. Compared to the control, the predicted glycaemic index (pGI) value of oat bread was substantially lower. Adding oat flour especially germinated oat flour to bread has the potential to increase bio‐accessible phenolic content and decrease pGI value, but the successful application requires further studies to optimise formulation considering the poor textural characteristics.
Application of dry fractional crystallisation on High‐Oleic Low‐Palmitic red palm super olein production
Authors: Mulyono Manda Edy , Lubis M. Edwin Syahputra , Yudanto Bagus Giri , Panjaitan Frisda Rimbun , Rizki Ilmi Fadhilah , Bajra Brahmani Dewa
Published: February 2023

The health benefits of unsaturated fatty acids and palm oil phytonutrients have prompted various studies on red palm oil (RPO). This study aims to produce RPO that contains high oleic and low palmitic acid compositions. Dry fractional crystallisation was carried out on RPO at temperatures of 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C for 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h. High‐Oleic Low‐Palmitic Red Palm Super Olein (HOLP‐RPSO) was successfully obtained from dry fractional crystallisation at Tc 15 °C for 24 h with a composition of oleic acid >47%, a palmitic acid of <37% and an iodine value of 63.58. Triacylglycerol analysis of HOLP‐RPSO revealed a reduction of dipalmitoyl oleoyl glycerol (POP), while palmitoyl dioleoyl glycerol (POO) content improved through crystallisation. The obtained HOLP‐RPSO also contained more carotene, vitamin E and squalene than the raw material. In addition, modification of the filtration method improved the quality of the crystallisation products through the increase of the iodine value and improving the fatty acid profile.
Climate‐influenced boreotropical survival and rampant introgressions explain the thriving of New World grapes in the north temperate zone
Authors: Nie Ze‐Long , Hodel Richard , Ma Zhi‐Yao , Johnson Gabriel , Ren Chen , Meng Ying , Ickert‐Bond Stefanie M. , Liu Xiu‐Qun , Zimmer Elizabeth , Wen Jun
Published: February 2023

The north temperate region was characterized by a warm climate and a rich thermophilic flora before the Eocene, but early diversifications of the temperate biome under global climate change and biome shift remain uncertain. Moreover, it is becoming clear that hybridization/introgression is an important driving force of speciation in plant diversity. Here, we applied analyses from biogeography and phylogenetic networks to account for both introgression and incomplete lineage sorting based on genomic data from the New World Vitis, a charismatic component of the temperate North American flora with known and suspected gene flow among species. Biogeographic inference and fossil evidence suggest that the grapes were widely distributed from North America to Europe during the Paleocene to the Eocene, followed by widespread extinction and survival of relicts in the tropical New World. During the climate warming in the early Miocene, a Vitis ancestor migrated northward from the refugia with subsequent diversification in the North American region. We found strong evidence for widespread incongruence and reticulate evolution among nuclear genes within both recent and ancient lineages of the New World Vitis. Furthermore, the organellar genomes showed strong conflicts with the inferred species tree from the nuclear genomes. Our phylogenomic analyses provided an important assessment of the wide occurrence of reticulate introgression in the New World Vitis, which potentially represents one of the most important mechanisms for the diversification of Vitis species in temperate North America and even the entire temperate Northern Hemisphere. The scenario we report here may be a common model of temperate diversification of flowering plants adapted to the global climate cooling and fluctuation in the Neogene.
Algae obscura: The potential of rare species as model systems
Authors: Van Etten Julia , Benites Luiz Felipe , Stephens Timothy G. , Yoon Hwan Su , Bhattacharya Debashish
Published: February 2023

Model organism research has provided invaluable knowledge about foundational biological principles. However, most of these studies have focused on species that are in high abundance, easy to cultivate in the lab, and represent only a small fraction of extant biodiversity. Here, we present three examples of rare algae with unusual features that we refer to as “algae obscura.” The Cyanidiophyceae (Rhodophyta), Glaucophyta, and Paulinella (rhizarian) lineages have all transitioned out of obscurity to become models for fundamental evolutionary research. Insights have been gained into the prevalence and importance of eukaryotic horizontal gene transfer, early Earth microbial community dynamics, primary plastid endosymbiosis, and the origin of Archaeplastida. By reviewing the research that has come from the exploration of these organisms, we demonstrate that underappreciated algae have the potential to help us formulate, refine, and substantiate core hypotheses and that such organisms should be considered when establishing future model systems.
Impact of treatment with direct‐acting antivirals on inflammatory markers and autoantibodies in HIV/HCV co‐infected individuals
Authors: Rossotti Roberto , Merli Marco , Baiguera Chiara , Bana Nicholas Brian , Rezzonico Leonardo Francesco , D'Amico Federico , Raimondi Alessandro , Moioli Maria Cristina , Chianura Leonardo Gerolamo , Puoti Massimo
Published: February 2023

HCV infection could have extrahepatic manifestations due to an aberrant immune response. HCV/HIV co‐infection increases such persistent immune activation. Aim of the present study is to describe the evolution of inflammatory markers used in clinical practice, mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) and autoantibody reactivity in co‐infected individuals who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) after DAA treatment. This prospective, observational study included all HIV/HCV co‐infected subjects who started any DAA regimen from 2015 to 2020. Samples for laboratory measurements (ferritin, C reactive protein, C3 and C4 fractions, rheumatoid factor, MC, anti‐thyroglobulin Ab, anti‐thyroid peroxidase Ab, ANCA, ASMA, anti‐LKM, anti‐DNA, AMA, ANA, T CD4+ and CD8+ cell count, and CD4/CD8 ratio) were collected at baseline, after 4 weeks, at end of treatment, and at SVR12. The analysis included 129 individuals: 51.9% with a F0–F3 fibrosis and 48.1% with liver cirrhosis. Cryocrit, C3 fraction, and rheumatoid factor significantly improved at week 4; ferritin, anti‐thyroglobulin Ab, and C4 fraction at EOT; total leukocytes count at SVR12. MC positivity decreased from 72.8% to 35.8% (p < .001). T CD4+ cell slightly increased at SVR12, but with an increase also in CD8+ resulting in stable CD4/CD8 ratio. Autoantibody reactivity did not change significantly. ANA rods and rings positivity increased from 14.8% to 28.6% (p = .099): they were observed in three subjects without exposure to RBV. DAA therapy may lead to improvement in inflammatory markers and MC clearance but without significant changes in autoantibodies reactivity and CD4/CD8 ratio over a follow up of 12 weeks.