bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth, Development and Reproduction of Meadow Moth Loxostege sticticalis Fed on Pea Seedlings Grown Under Elevated CO2
Authors: Zhou Jingxian , Xu Zun , Yu Zuoheng , Mai Huirong , Huang Jiacheng , Chang Xiaoli , Chen Fajun
Published: December 2024

To comprehensively investigate the impacts of increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations on the growth, development and reproduction of the meadow moth Loxostege sticticalis when fed on pea plants (Pisum sativum), in this experiment, we simulated the two CO2 conditions: ambient CO2 (i.e., 400 μL/L designated as aCO2) and elevated CO2 (i.e., 800 μL/L designated as eCO2) by using light-CO2 climate chambers. Subsequently, the changes in several key nutrients and defensive compounds present in pea seedlings were assessed. Moreover, we assessed the growth, development, reproduction and changes in the nutritional components and enzyme activities of L. sticticalis as they fed on pea seedlings grown under aCO2 and eCO2. The results showed that the CO2 level significantly affected the measured indexes of pea seedlings and L. sticticalis. Host pea seedlings grown under eCO2 exhibited significant increases in soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP) and total amino acid (TAA) contents by 42.52%, 77.06% and 62.50%, respectively, relative to those grown under aCO2. In addition, total phenol (TP), ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA) contents grown under eCO2 increased significantly by 20.60%, 71.72% and 36.22%, respectively, under eCO2 compared to aCO2. Furthermore, the duration of egg, larva and pupa of L. sticticalis was significantly shortened by 16.63%, 10.66% and 10.12%, respectively, while the adult longevity was significantly prolonged by 19.07% after feeding on pea seedlings grown under eCO2 in contrast to aCO2. Furthermore, for L. sticticalis, the content of SS, SP, TAA and free fatty acid was significantly increased, by 60.02%, 77.06%, 91.67% and 27.19%, respectively. Moreover, the enzyme activity of CAT, POD, CarE and GST was also enhanced by 56.70%, 63.89%, 128.08% and 93.45%, respectively, as they fed on pea seedlings grown under eCO2 in contrast to aCO2. The findings of our study revealed that eCO2 not only improved the nutritional quality but also altered the defensive compounds in the seedlings, which in turn affected the growth, development, reproduction and changes in the physiology of L. sticticalis.
Establishment of a CRISPR-Based Lentiviral Activation Library for Transcription Factor Screening in Porcine Cells
Authors: Liang Yingjuan , Yao Xiaoxia , Han Jingxin , Wang Jinpeng , Zhang Xiao , Zhao Donglin , Jiang Chaoqian , Geng Lishuang , Lv Shihao , Liu Zhonghua , Mu Yanshuang
Published: December 2024

Transcription factors play important roles in the growth and development of various tissues in pigs, such as muscle, fat, and bone. A transcription-factor-scale activation library based on the clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 (Cas9) system could facilitate the discovery and functional characterization of the transcription genes involved in a specific gene network. Here, we have designed and constructed a CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) sgRNA library, containing 5056 sgRNAs targeting the promoter region of 1264 transcription factors in pigs. The sgRNA library, including sgRNA with MS2 loops, is a single-vector system and is packaged with lentivirus for cell screening. Porcine PK15 cells expressing the porcine OCT4 promoter driving EGFP, dCas9 fused with VP64, and MS2-binding protein-p65-HSF1 were constructed, and then, the sgRNA activation library was used to screen the transcription factors regulating OCT4 expression. After the lentiviral transduction and deep sequencing of the CRISPR sgRNAs library, the highest ranking candidate genes were identified, including 31 transcription factors activating OCT4 gene expression and 5 transcription factors inhibiting OCT4 gene expression. The function and gene regulation of the candidate genes were further confirmed by the CRISPR activation system in PK15 cells. The CRISPR activation library targeting pig transcription factors provides a promising platform for the systematic discovery and study of genes that determine cell fate.
Radiographic Morphometric Measurements of the Donkey’s Distal Hind Limb
Authors: Schaus Kyra , Wacker Juliana , Jandowsky Anabell , Büttner Kathrin , Röcken Michael , Bartmann Claus Peter
Published: December 2024

Morphometric measurements of the toe serve as a reference for the objective assessment of the presence of a pathological condition and as a guide for the correct trimming of the hooves. Therefore, the anatomical differences between horses and donkeys oblige an autonomous database with reference values for the donkey. The aim of this study was therefore to provide readings of the distal hind limb on radiographs of donkeys. Radiographs of the distal hind limb in two projections of 41 generally sound donkeys without lameness in walk were taken after previous hoof trimming and preparation according to a standardized radiographic procedure. A total of 16 lengths and 9 angles were measured and statistically analyzed in each hoof. The dorsal hoof wall is on average 70 to 80 mm long and angled at 55°; the coffin bone runs parallel to the hoof wall. The average founder distance is 17 mm, and the mean sole thickness is 14 mm. The heel angle averages 52°, which is slightly flatter than the hoof wall angle. Correlations with weight and height are observed. Concluding, the morphometric measurements confirm the differences between horses’ reported normal anatomy and the presented donkeys. Disorders can be detected by applying the measurements.
Hematological Markers to Predict Enterectomy Versus Enterotomy in Dogs with Foreign-Body Intestinal Obstruction: Preliminary Data
Authors: González Lorena Espadas , Pérez-Merino Eva M. , Rodrigo Irene Cantalejo , Usón-Casaús Jesús M. , Sirvent Nieves Pastor
Published: December 2024

Intestinal obstruction caused by a foreign body accounts for 80% of all canine intestinal blockages [...]
Effects of Geographical Origin and Timing of Broodstock Collection on Hatchery Conditioning of the Clam Ruditapes decussatus (L. 1758)
Authors: Azirar Rania , Fettach Samah , da Costa Fiz , Pérez Montse , Chiaar Abderrahim , Aghzar Adil , Ouagajjou Yassine
Published: December 2024

The grooved carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus), widely found along Morocco’s coasts and estuaries, is a key economic resource due to its high market value. However, clam production has declined over recent decades, largely due to the overexploitation of natural beds, and recruitment failures, leading to a limited wild spat availability. This study examined how the broodstock collection season (winter vs. summer) and origin (South Atlantic vs. North Mediterranean) affect broodstock performances in hatcheries. The maturity development (condition index (CI) and gonadal condition index (GCI)), histological examination, and reproductive output were evaluated. The results showed that Mediterranean clams achieved a higher maturity during winter conditioning (CI = 13.60 ± 1.02, GCI = 6.01 ± 0.90) than the Atlantic population (CI = 11.51 ± 1.50, GCI = 5.31 ± 1.14). Moreover, Mediterranean clams produced more oocytes per female (2.34 million), despite the lower spawning rate (42%), compared to the Atlantic clams (1.68 million) with a 69% spawning rate by the end of the winter conditioning. These findings highlight the importance of selecting broodstock by geographic origin to optimize shellfish hatchery production.
The Musculoskeletal Anatomy of the Komodo Dragon’s Hindlimb (Varanus komodoensis, Varanidae)
Authors: Tomańska Anna , Stawinoga Martyna , Gębarowski Tomasz , Janeczek Maciej , Klećkowska-Nawrot Joanna , Goździewska-Harłajczuk Karolina , Dobrzyński Maciej
Published: December 2024

The Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) is the largest extant lizard and is classified as an endangered species. Despite its rarity, anatomical studies on this species remain limited, hindering a comprehensive understanding of its biology and evolutionary traits. This research presents a detailed anatomical and histological examination of the pelvic limb of a female Komodo dragon, providing valuable insights into the musculoskeletal system of this species. A series of measurements and observations were made on the bones of the pelvic limb, including the femur, tibia, fibula, and pes, all of which are essential for supporting the animal’s large body size and facilitating its predatory behavior. This study also highlights the diverse muscle architecture, where large muscle masses are associated with the femoral retractors and ankle plantarflexors. Histological analysis of the muscle fibers revealed significant variability in fiber diameters, supporting the functional adaptation of the Komodo dragon’s limbs for high-speed ambush predation. This research provides important morphological data that could inform clinical practices, including orthopedic procedures and physiotherapy for Komodo dragons in zoological settings. Additionally, these findings shed light on the evolutionary patterns inherited from the species’ ancestors, which contributed to the development of its distinctive biological adaptations.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Nutritional Quality and Antioxidant Capacity of Different Chinese Eggplant Varieties Based on Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Authors: Lyu Jian , Jin Ning , Ma Xianglan , Yin Xueyun , Jin Li , Wang Shuya , Xiao Xuemei , Yu Jihua
Published: December 2024

Free amino acids, polyphenols, and anthocyanins were quantified in 30 Chinese eggplant varieties. Moreover, antioxidant capacity characterizations including 2, 2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were performed. The total amino acid content of the 30 eggplant varieties ranged from 15,267.19 to 26,827.4 mg kg−1 DW. The most abundant amino acids were glutamic acid, arginine, and aspartic acid. The coefficients of variation (CV) for the 20 amino acids ranged from 5.85 to 106.14%, of which 18 free amino acids had CVs > 20%. Total polyphenol and anthocyanin contents ranged from 17,097.41 to 39,474.98 µg g−1 DW and 5.28 to 978.32 µg g−1 DW, respectively. The variability of both polyphenol and anthocyanin components was >20%, with a range of 21.25–102.89%. Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant polyphenol. The total anthocyanin content of purple eggplant varieties was significantly higher than green varieties. Of the purple eggplant varieties, V28 (‘E150725’), V30 (‘1952’), and V16 (‘Weichangqie101’) had significantly higher total anthocyanins than the other eggplant varieties. DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays showed peaks at V3 (‘Zhengqie924’). Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that polyphenols and anthocyanins were the main contributors to the antioxidant capacity of eggplants. A classification model with principal component analysis classified 30 Chinese eggplant varieties into two categories: high and low antioxidant capacities. The top five Chinese eggplant varieties ranked for amino acids, antioxidants, and antioxidant capacity were V29 (‘Zhengqie903’), V24 (‘Zhengqie78’), V1 (‘1871’), V3 (‘Zhengqie924’), and V28 (‘E150725’). These findings provide theoretical basis for high-quality breeding and producer/consumer selection of eggplants.
Essential Oils from Citrus Peels Promote Calcium Overload-Induced Calcicoptosis in U251 Cells
Authors: Li Yurong , Wei Juanjuan , Ye Zimao , Ji Chen , Li Wenji , Xu Li , Zhou Zhiqin
Published: December 2024

Citrus peel essential oils (CPEOs) have demonstrated substantial medicinal potential for glioblastoma treatment because of their extensive antitumor effects, low potential for drug resistance, and ability to cross the human blood–brain barrier. In this study, the chemical compositions of five CPEOs were analyzed via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). CCK8 assays were used to evaluate the ability of five CPEOs to inhibit U251 human glioblastoma cells, and XLB and RA were selected for further investigation. Through wound healing assays and cell cycle and apoptosis analyses via flow cytometry, it was revealed that these CPEOs inhibited cell migration, arrested the cell cycle at G1/G0, and induced apoptosis with similar levels of inhibition. After CPEOs treatment, the intracellular Ca2+ content and reactive oxygen species levels in U251 cells increased significantly, whereas the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased. Additionally, the antioxidant enzyme system (SOD, POD, CAT, and GR) and the nonenzymatic defense system (GSH) were inhibited, leading to an increase in lipid peroxidation. qRT–PCR indicated the significant upregulation of intracellular calcium ion signaling pathways and the upregulation of mitochondrial apoptosis-related genes. Additionally, the activation of calcicoptosis-related indicators induced by the CPEOs could be reversed by inhibitor treatment, confirming that both of the selected CPEOs inhibit tumors by activating calcicoptosis-related pathways. These findings highlight the immense potential of CPEOs in healthcare and pharmaceutical applications by not only providing a scientific basis for the potential application of CPEOs in the treatment of glioblastoma but also offering new insights for the development of novel antitumor drugs.
Effects of Functional Red Pine Seed Direct-Drinking Oil on Constipation and Intestinal Barrier Function in Mice
Authors: Li Jie , Zheng Haonan , Liu Jiahui , Ding Jie , Guo Qingqi , Zhang Na
Published: December 2024

Constipation is a prevalent global health issue that greatly affects human well-being. However, many existing treatments are associated with side effects, necessitating the development of alternative approaches. In this study, a balanced fatty acid red pine seed direct-drinking oil (SFA:MUFA:PUFA = 1.14:1.08:1, n − 6:n − 3 = 4.17:1) was formulated using red pine seed oil as the base oil, blended with coconut oil, rice bran oil, and camellia oil. The study investigated the effects and mechanisms of this red pine seed direct-drinking oil in alleviating constipation in mice. Results showed that, compared to normal mice, constipated mice exhibited symptoms of dry stools, difficulty defecating, abnormal neurotransmitter levels, oxidative stress, and colonic tissue damage. Additionally, the protein expression levels of occludin and claudin-1 were reduced by 86.11% and 25.00%, respectively (p < 0.05), while mRNA expression levels decreased by 70.80% and 59.00% (p < 0.05). Red pine seed direct-drinking oil intake improved defecation, reduced serum levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and nitric oxide (NO), and increased substance P (SP) levels. Furthermore, it also significantly elevated serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (p < 0.05), alleviated colonic tissue damage, and upregulated the protein and mRNA expression levels of occludin and claudin-1 (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that red pine seed direct-drinking oil alleviates constipation in mice by enhancing intestinal motility, regulating serum neurotransmitters, mitigating oxidative stress, repairing intestinal barrier damage, and increasing tight junction protein expression. This study represents the first use of red pine seed direct-drinking oil to alleviate constipation in mice, providing a novel approach to improving symptoms in individuals with constipation.
Pinitol Improves Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Rats Through Upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling
Authors: Kim Jinsick , Go Min Young , Jeon Chae Young , Shin Jung Un , Kim Mujun , Lim Hye Won , Shin Dong Wook
Published: December 2024

Diabetic foot ulcers represent a severe complication of diabetes, often resulting in amputation and high mortality rates. Currently, there are no treatments for diabetic foot ulcers other than antibiotics and dressings. In this study, we evaluated the wound-healing effects of an antidiabetic agent pinitol in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-damaged human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat models with a foot wound. Our findings indicated that pinitol enhanced cell migration, proliferation, and wound healing by activating Nrf2, thereby mitigating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses at the wound site. Additionally, pinitol restored mitochondrial energy metabolism, decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, and increased collagen deposition. Furthermore, pinitol facilitated angiogenesis, contributing to improved wound healing. Taken together, these findings suggest that pinitol could be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol in U87MG Cells: Effects on Autophagy and NRF2 Pathway
Authors: Giannotti Laura , Di Chiara Stanca Benedetta , Spedicato Francesco , Vergara Daniele , Stanca Eleonora , Damiano Fabrizio , Siculella Luisa
Published: December 2024

Cannabinoids include both endogenous endocannabinoids and exogenous phytocannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), and have potential as therapeutic agents in cancer treatment due to their selective anticancer activities. CBD exhibits both antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects depending on its concentration and cell types. These properties allow CBD to influence oxidative stress responses and potentially enhance the efficacy of antitumor therapies. In this study, we treated U87MG glioma cells with low dose (1 μM) CBD and evaluated its molecular effects. Our findings indicate that CBD reduced cell viability by 20% (p < 0.05) through the alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential. The alteration of redox status by CBD caused an attempt to rescue mitochondrial functionality through nuclear localization of the GABP transcription factor involved in mitochondria biogenesis. Moreover, CBD treatment caused an increase in autophagic flux, as supported by the increase in Beclin-1 and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I. Due to mitochondria functionality alteration, pro-apoptotic proteins were induced without activating apoptotic effectors Caspase-3 or Caspase-7. The study of the transcription factor NRF2 and the ubiquitin-binding protein p62 expression revealed an increase in their levels in CBD-treated cells. In conclusion, low-dose CBD makes U87MG cells more vulnerable to cytotoxic effects, reducing cell viability and mitochondrial dynamics while increasing autophagic flux and redox systems. This explains the mechanisms by which glioma cells respond to CBD treatment. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of CBD, suggesting that modulating NRF2 and autophagy pathways could represent a promising strategy for glioblastoma treatment.
Experimental Study on the Effects of Dynamic High Water Pressure on the Deformation Characteristics of Limestone
Authors: Tan Dawen , Cheng Heng , Hou Chunyao , Lei Yanan , Jiang Chenfang , Zhao Yuntian , Zhang Hongyi
Published: December 2024

Difficulty in clarifying the deformation characteristics of deep rocks under a high water pressure environment is a technical bottleneck restricting the safe operation of large hydropower stations. In order to study the effect of reservoir water level changes on the mechanical behavior of deep limestone, a series of mechanical tests were conducted under different dynamic high water pressure environments using a self-developed hydraulic loading test device. The test results show that the unsaturated limestone always undergoes compressive deformation during the linear increase in external water pressure, and the saturated limestone changes its deformation state from compression to expansion during the linear decrease in external water pressure. The stress–strain curve of limestone shows apparent hysteresis characteristics during the cyclic increase and decrease in external water pressure. Overall, the rock strain rate showed a significant negative correlation with the external water pressure, and the rock deformation modulus showed a certain positive correlation with the external water pressure. During hydraulic loading, saturated rocks had a smaller range of variation in the strain rate and deformation modulus and were more resistant to deformation than unsaturated rocks. Limestone was subjected to both external water pressure and internal pore water pressure in a cyclic cycle, where pore water pressure promotes pore creation and expansion, while external water pressure prevents water from degrading the pore structure. The periodic change of water pressure has a significant influence on rock mechanics and deformation behavior, and the rock mass will undergo elastic deformation, plastic deformation, and even fracture. Further study of this deformation rule can provide a more accurate theoretical basis for the safe operation of water conservancy projects.
Eye Tracking and Semantic Evaluation for Ceramic Teapot Product Modeling
Authors: Liu Wei , Hu Ziyan , Fei Yinan , Chen Jiaqi , Yu Changlong
Published: December 2024

In addition to their practical and aesthetic qualities, ceramic teapots are highly decorative and stylish. Based on the theory of perceptual engineering, this study employs eye-tracking technology and semantic-difference methods to investigate user preferences for ceramic teapot shapes. Using eye-movement experiments, the study first determines users’ visual attention to different morphological regions. Using the orthogonal alignment method, nine styling samples were developed by combining expert classification of classic and traditional teapot styling elements. By combining a semantic perception questionnaire with a satisfaction questionnaire, the study evaluated users’ visual attention to these samples and their satisfaction with them. It was found that shapes characterized by classic, rounded, and proportional coordination were more in line with consumers’ aesthetic preferences despite the differences in semantic evaluations among consumers of different genders and ages, which led to relatively consistent consumer satisfaction. The purpose of this study is not only to provide a scientific basis for styling ceramic teapots but also to assist designers in grasping the laws of consumer preference in order to create better products.
Estimation of the Effect of Oblique Positioned Obstacle Placement on Thermal Performance of a Horizontal Mantle Hot Water Tank with Machine Learning
Authors: Durmuşoğlu Aslı , Turgut Buket , Tekin Yusuf , Turgut Burak
Published: December 2024

Due to the growing popularity of vacuum tube solar collectors and their more esthetically pleasing look, horizontal hot water tanks are increasingly being used in solar hot water systems. In order to improve the thermal performance of a horizontal mantled hot water tank, this work numerically examines the impact of positioning inclination barriers parallel or coincident to one another at varying angles. The main input provided the velocity V = 0.036, 0.073, 0.11, and 0.147 m/s, and analysis were performed for each speed. The study concluded that V = 0.073 m/s was the ideal mains input velocity for each scenario and that raising the speed typically resulted in a lower mains outlet temperature. According to the study’s findings, the tank design with the first obstacle 150 mm away and the two obstacles 100 mm apart achieves the best efficiency. The residential water temperature in this model is 312 K, while the storage water temperature is 309.5 K. In this study, a feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN) model based predictor was designed to estimate the mantle outlet and main outlet temperatures and the temperature of the stored water. Analyses were performed for different network inlet velocities and obstacle combinations, and ANN showed superior performance in estimating temperature parameters.
Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models in Predicting Diagnostics for Spanish Clinical Cases in Cardiology
Authors: Delaunay Julien , Cusido Jordi
Published: December 2024

This study explores the potential of large language models (LLMs) in predicting medical diagnoses from Spanish-language clinical case descriptions, offering an alternative to traditional machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques. Unlike ML and DL models, which typically rely on extensive domain-specific training and complex data preprocessing, LLMs can process unstructured text data directly without the need for specialized training on medical datasets. This unique characteristic of LLMs allows for faster implementation and eliminates the risks associated with overfitting, which are common in ML and DL models that require tailored training for each new dataset. In this research, we investigate the capacities of several state-of-the-art LLMs in predicting medical diagnoses based on Spanish textual descriptions of clinical cases. We measured the impact of prompt techniques and temperatures on the quality of the diagnosis. Our results indicate that Gemini Pro and Mixtral 8x22b generally performed well across different temperatures and techniques, while Medichat Llama3 showed more variability, particularly with the few-shot prompting technique. Low temperatures and specific prompt techniques, such as zero-shot and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), tended to yield clearer and more accurate diagnoses. This study highlights the potential of LLMs as a disruptive alternative to traditional ML and DL approaches, offering a more efficient, scalable, and flexible solution for medical diagnostics, particularly in the non-English-speaking population.
Process Optimization and Wear Performance of Plasma-Cladding Fe5 Coatings on Rotary Tillage Blades
Authors: Zeng Jiang , Ma Yinggang , Fang Zhichao , Wu Mingliang , Wu Zhili , Lei Mingkai
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to address the harsh working environment of agricultural machinery and improve the wear resistance of soil-contacting components such as rotary tiller blades, thereby extending their service life. Method: Plasma-cladding technology was employed to prepare an iron-based wear-resistant coating on the surface of rotary tiller blades. The following parameter combination was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM): a cladding current of 144A, a cladding speed of 23 mm/s, a powder feeding rate of 23 g/min, and a cladding distance of 12 mm. The microstructure morphology, phase composition, microhardness, and wear resistance of the wear-resistant cladding layer were investigated. Results: The results indicate that the interface of the cladding layer is clean and free from significant porosity or defects, exhibiting good metallurgical bonding with the substrate. The primary phases identified in the cladding layer include α-Fe, Cr7C3, Cr2Fe14C, and Cr-Ni-Fe-C solid solutions. The average hardness of the cladding layer is 1171 Hv0.5, approximately 2.9 times that of the substrate. In wet sand–rubber wheel wear tests under identical conditions, the weight loss of the cladding layer is only 1/21 that of 65Mn steel, with minimal wear morphology. Field trials showed that the wear of the cladding layer rotary tiller blade was reduced by 24.5% compared with the unclad blade. The presence of the cladding layer significantly protected the integrity of the cutting edge, ensuring the functionality of the rotary tiller blade in cutting and throwing soil; thus, its original appearance was maintained even after prolonged wear. The findings of this study can provide a valuable reference for the enhancement of wear resistance for other soil-contacting components.
Evidence of Terrain-Induced Windshear Due to Lantau Island over the Third Runway of the Hong Kong International Airport—Examples and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Chan Pak Wai , Lai Kai Kwong
Published: December 2024

The new third runway of the Hong Kong International Airport was commissioned in November 2022. With the increased distance away from the mountains of Lantau Island to its south, it is not certain if terrain-induced windshear could still happen over the corridors of this runway, particularly the usual landing runway corridor (07LA) for aircraft from the west. With the rebound of air traffic in 2024 in Hong Kong, it is now possible to find out the impact of the Lantau terrain on the winds over 07LA, at least based on case studies. It is found that, though 07LA is located at least 4 km from the foothills of Lantau Island, which has peaks rising to about 1 km above mean sea level, the terrain-induced airflow disturbances could, at times, extend to 7–8 km away from the mountains to bring about low-level windshear and turbulence to this runway corridor. This conclusion is drawn based on actual pilot windshear reports and observations from Doppler light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems and confirmed by simulations using a mesoscale to microscale numerical weather-prediction model. It is consistent with the definition of open terrain for a height-over-distance ratio of 1:10. Based on the experience in Hong Kong, it is found that, for runway corridors located at distances within 10 times the height of the nearby terrain, it is still necessary to set up windshear detection equipment, such as Doppler LIDAR, to safeguard aircraft operation.
A Cost-Optimized Model for Dynamic Port Hinterland Delineation: An Application to the Spanish Port System
Authors: Martínez Torres Manuel Francisco , Ruiz Aguilar Juan Jesús , Turias Domínguez Ignacio J. , Cerbán Jiménez María del Mar
Published: December 2024

This study presents a methodology for determining port economic hinterlands through comprehensive logistics optimization. The research advances traditional geographical approaches by developing an integrated cost model that considers maritime transport, inland transportation, warehousing expenses, and time-dependent factors. Testing this methodology on the Spanish port system (with three main ports: Valencia, Algeciras, and Barcelona), we demonstrate how product characteristics and origins significantly influence optimal port selection and hinterland boundaries. The analysis examines both perishable goods, using bananas and oranges as case studies, and non-perishable cargo from Asian and American origins. Results reveal distinct patterns of port influence depending on goods type and origin. The study’s findings, visualized through innovative color-coded mapping, provide valuable insights for port authorities and logistics planners in optimizing supply chain decisions. Our approach contributes to port competition theory by establishing a quantitative framework for dynamic hinterland delineation based on actual logistics costs and operational factors.
Sleep Breathing Disorders’ Screening Among Children Approaching Orthodontic Evaluation: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Storari Marco , Stramandinoli Francesca , Ledda Maurizio , Verlato Alberto , Verdecchia Alessio , Spinas Enrico
Published: December 2024

Background: The orthodontist can play an important role in the early detection of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), aiding in the prevention of dentoskeletal complications and systemic issues. Early intervention supports proper pediatric development, emphasizing the need for SDB screening in orthodontics. SDB involves abnormal breathing during sleep, with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children presenting unique diagnostic challenges compared to adults. Aim: This study aimed to identify children at risk for SDB through a validated screening questionnaire during orthodontic evaluations. Methods: This prospective study recruited children under 12 years of age between July 2023 and July 2024. The Sleep Clinical Record was used to screen for SDB indicators. Results: Among the 48 participants (31 females, 17 males) aged 5–12 years, 69% were identified as being at risk for SDB. Risk factors included oral breathing, nasal obstruction, tonsillar hypertrophy, malocclusion, high Friedman scores, narrow palates, and positive Brouillette phenotypes, all showing significant correlations (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings underline the critical importance of early SDB screening in orthodontic settings. These preliminary results encourage further research on larger cohorts to refine diagnostic tools and interventions. Early recognition and management of SDB can significantly enhance systemic health and craniofacial outcomes in pediatric patients.
Low-Resolution Target Detection with High-Frequency Information Preservation
Authors: Zhang Feng , Bai Hongyang , Yin Wenlong , Li Ze , Ma Hailong , Chen Lei
Published: December 2024

In the absence of high-frequency visual observation, low-resolution (LR) targets (e.g., objects, human body keypoints) are intrinsically difficult to detect in unconstrained images. This challenge can be further exasperated by typical downsampling operations (e.g., pooling, stride) of existing deep networks (e.g., CNNs). To tackle this challenge, in this work, we introduce a generic, High-Frequency Information Preservation (HFIP) block as a replacement for existing downsampling operations. It is composed of two key components: (1) the decoupled high-frequency learning component, which extracts the high-frequency information along the vertical and horizontal directions separately, and (2) the dilated frequency-aware channel correlation component, which decomposes the input feature map into multiple smaller ones in a dilated manner, concatenates them by channel, and then correlates the combined channels in the frequency space. Our module can generally be integrated into existing network architectures for target detection (e.g., YOLO, HRNet). Extensive experiments on low-resolution human pose estimation and object detection tasks show that our HFIP technique can generally boost the performance of state-of-the-art detection models significantly, e.g., improving the object detection accuracy of YOLOv5s by an absolute margin of 3.30% in mAP under a resolution of 640 × 640 compared to the COCO benchmark.
Proposal to Reclassify SCCPs Under International Regulations on Ship Recycling to Enhance Environmental and Human Health Protection
Authors: Čulin Jelena
Published: December 2024

Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that have been detected in various human tissues and organs. Based on the results of numerous studies indicating that exposure to environmentally relevant doses could induce harm to humans and animals, they have been listed in Annex A (Elimination) of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. They are also listed as hazardous materials likely to lead to significant adverse effects on human health or the environment by the International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships (Hong Kong Convention) and the EU Ship Recycling Regulation (EU SRR). This paper analyzes recent literature on the environmental and human health impacts of SCCPs and the actual practice of shipbreaking to demonstrate that the current treatment of SCCPs under these two regulations does not provide sufficient protection for human health and the environment. Based on the presented data, it is proposed that SCCPs should be reclassified as materials whose installation or use is prohibited in shipyards, ship repair yards, and ships by the EU SRR and the Hong Kong Convention.
Basins of Convergence in a Multi-Perturbed CR3BP
Authors: Herrero Alicia , Moll-Lopez Santiago , Moraño José-A. , Vega-Fleitas Erika , Villalibre Daniel
Published: December 2024

The circular restricted three-body problem (CR3BP) is analyzed to introduce additional factors into the dynamic model, such as radiation forces, flattening of the primary bodies, relativity effects, and the presence of natural satellites. The introduction of these factors increases the accuracy when obtaining the position of the Lagrange points and the basins of convergence of the system. The Newton–Raphson methodis used to implement a searching algorithm. Finally, an application to the Sun–Mars system including the presence of Phobos and Deimos is developed.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Aviation Construction Projects in the United Arab Emirates: Insights from Construction Professionals
Authors: Alketbi Mariam Abdalla , Dweiri Fikri , Dalalah Doraid
Published: December 2024

The applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the airport industry are significantly transforming operational efficiency, safety, and passenger experiences. This study investigates the integration of AI within aviation construction projects, with a focus on the United Arab Emirates (UAE). While AI technologies such as facial recognition, IoT, and biometric systems have advanced airport security and operations, their use in construction project management remains limited. A survey was conducted among 101 engineering professionals and experts with experience or involvement in managing aviation-related construction projects. Participants, many of whom had familiarity with AI tools, provided insights into the applicability of AI in areas such as planning, scheduling, and safety monitoring. The majority agreed that AI has the potential to revolutionize project management processes, improving decision-making, and efficiency. AI tools can predict delays, optimize workflows, and enhance safety through real-time data analytics and machine learning algorithms, reducing risks and human error. Despite the UAE’s leadership in AI-driven security advancements, its use in aviation construction is still underdeveloped. This research highlights the potential for broader AI integration across the entire lifecycle of aviation projects. By adopting AI in these areas, UAE airports could set new benchmarks for cost effectiveness, sustainability, and project delivery, reinforcing the region’s status as a leader in technological innovation within the aviation industry.
RETRACTED: Anusha et al. Dynamics of MHD Convection of Walters B Viscoelastic Fluid through an Accelerating Permeable Surface Using the Soret–Dufour Mechanism. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 9431
Authors: Anusha P. , Sri M. Naga Swapna , Madhav Vallabhaneni Venkata Venu , Chaitanya Ch. Sri , Spandana V.V. , Saxena Kuldeep K. , Abdul-Zahra Dalael Saad , Linul Emanoil , Prakash Chander , Buddhi Dharam , Campilho Raul
Published: December 2024

The Journal retracts the article, “Dynamics of MHD Convection of Walters B Viscoelastic Fluid through an Accelerating Permeable Surface Using the Soret–Dufour Mechanism” [...]
Similarity Model of a Rotary Lobe Expander Working with Various Fluids
Authors: Rybiński Witold , Maurin Artur , Krzemianowski Zbigniew , Bykuć Sebastian
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the similarity model of a rotary lobe expander (Roots expander) and calculates its power based on its other reference power. The rotors in these expanders transfer unchanged gas volume within one rotation. In this model, the expander’s construction is represented by the single value of this transferred volume. The derived model concerns the similarity of pressure loss due to the fluid viscosity, which decreases the ideal maximum power of the limiting case of no viscosity. The basic thermodynamic analysis of various fluids is also presented for this case. The novelty is the similarity model of this expander type, which may be used in the analytical and fast engineering calculation of the power before the use of the more precise but expensive numerical calculation. The similarity model is applied to the exemplary rotary lobe expander GGP16XA from Armak Motors. In this paper, the similarity model is applied in two cases. The first application concerns the manufacturer’s data on the power from the compressed air of various inlet pressures and rotational speeds. The second one concerns the numerically calculated power from various fluids: Air, R245fa, SES36, and HFE7100, with the power from Air as a reference. The analyzed fluids are used in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) applications. In both cases, the obtained similarity power is in good agreement with the reference, with the same maximum relative error ±5%.
Vertical Force Monitoring of Racing Tires: A Novel Deep Neural Network-Based Estimation Method
Authors: Öngir Semih , Kaleli Egemen Cumhur , Konyar Mehmet Zeki , Ertunç Hüseyin Metin
Published: December 2024

This study aims to accurately estimate vertical tire forces on racing tires of specific stiffness using acceleration, pressure, and speed data measurements from a test rig. A hybrid model, termed Random Forest Assisted Deep Neural Network (RFADNN), is introduced, combining a novel deep learning framework with the Random Forest Algorithm to enhance estimation accuracy. By leveraging the Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN), Minimal Gated Unit (MGU), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Attention mechanisms, the deep learning framework excels in extracting complex features, which the Random Forest Model subsequently analyzes to improve the accuracy of estimating vertical tire forces. Validated with test data, this approach outperforms standard models, achieving an MAE of 0.773 kgf, demonstrating the advantage of the RFADNN method in required vertical force estimation tasks for race tires. This comparison emphasizes the significant benefits of incorporating advanced deep learning with traditional machine learning to provide a comprehensive and interpretable solution for complex estimation challenges in automotive engineering.
Computer Vision-Based Adhesion Quality Inspection Model for Exterior Insulation and Finishing System
Authors: Kang Mingyun , Yoon Sebeen , Kim Taehoon
Published: December 2024

The adhesion quality is one of the critical factors affecting EIFS quality. The traditional visual inspection method is time-consuming and labor-intensive work because limited inspectors have to check all insulation units when they are installed. Thus, this study proposes a CV-based automatic adhesion quality-inspection model for EIFS that can quickly and quantitatively inspect the shape and amount of adhesive. In the case study, the proposed models accurately determined the adhesion quality with measurement accuracies of 90.58%, 95.28%, and 93.58% in ribbon width, dab diameter, and adhesive area, respectively, and a root mean-square error of 6.9 mm in dab distance. The results of this study can achieve automation of inspection for EIFS.
Comprehensive Study on Endocrine Disruptor Removal from Wastewater Using Different Microalgae Species
Authors: García Noelia , Rodríguez Rosalía , Vicente Gemma , Espada Juan J. , Bautista Luis Fernando
Published: December 2024

The concentration of endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) in wastewater is increasing, posing significant risks to living organisms. This study concerns the simultaneous degradation of a variety of EDCs from wastewater, including methylparaben (MeP), propylparaben (PrP), butylparaben (BuP), benzophenone (BP), bisphenol A (BPA), and estrone (E), in the presence of the microalgae Scenedesmus sp. or Chlorella vulgaris. The potential for the abiotic removal of these EDCs and their underlying degradation mechanisms were also studied. The presence of microalgae significantly enhanced the degradation of parabens, achieving complete removal within 7 days, primarily through the mechanism of biodegradation. BPA removal was also improved by microalgae, reaching 82% and 90% within 7 days with Scenedesmus sp. and C. vulgaris, respectively. BP degradation was predominantly abiotic, accomplishing 95% removal in 7 days. E degradation was mainly abiotic, achieving approximately 40% within 7 days, with a notable contribution from a biodegradation mechanism in the later stages, accounting for 27% and 40% of the final total removal in the presence of Scenedesmus sp. and C. vulgaris, respectively. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of EDC degradation by microalgae, highlighting the potential of Scenedesmus sp. and C. vulgaris to remove a mixture of EDCs from wastewater.
Proposes Geometric Accuracy and Surface Roughness Estimation of Anatomical Models of the Pelvic Area Manufactured Using a Material Extrusion Additive Technique
Authors: Turek Paweł , Snela Sławomir , Budzik Grzegorz , Bazan Anna , Jabłoński Jarosław , Przeszłowski Łukasz , Wojnarowski Robert , Dziubek Tomasz , Petru Jana
Published: December 2024

One of the main benefits of using 3D printing in orthopedics is the ability to create custom solutions tailored to a patient’s specific anatomical and functional needs. Conducting a reliable evaluation of the accuracy of the manufacture of anatomical structure models is essential. However, particular standards or procedures still need to be implemented to control the surface quality of anatomical models manufactured using additive manufacturing techniques. Models of pelvic parts made of polylactic acid (PLA) material were manufactured using the Material Extrusion (MEX) additive technique. Subsequently, guidelines were developed to reliably verify the geometric and surface roughness of the 3D printed models using Computer-Aided Inspection (CAI) systems. For this purpose, a measuring arm system (MCA-II) with a mounted laser head and Atos II Triple Scan was used. To inspect surface roughness parameters, procedures were developed for an Alicona InfiniteFocusG4 optical microscope. The results of the geometrical verification of the models are within the tolerance limits of ±0.22 mm to ±0.6 mm. In the case of surface roughness measurement, the highest values for the arithmetical mean height Sa were obtained on the side of the support material, while the smallest values were found along the applied layers. After the metrological control process, the models were used in the planning process for hip surgery.
Parametric BIM and Machine Learning for Solar Radiation Prediction in Smart Growth Urban Developments
Authors: Kim Seongchan , Kim Jong Bum
Published: December 2024

Urban energy simulation research has been explored to forecast the impact of urban developments on energy footprints. However, the achievement of accuracy, scalability, and applicability is still unfulfilled in addressing site-specific conditions and unbuilt development scenarios. This research aims to investigate the integration method of urban modeling, simulation, and machine learning (ML) predictions for the forecasting of the solar radiation of urban development plans in the United States. The research consisted of a case study of Smart Growth development in the southern Kansas City metropolitan area. First, this study analyzed Smart Growth regulations and created urban models using parametric Building Information Modeling (BIM). Then, a simulation interface was created to perform simulation iterations. The simulation results were then used to create ML models for context-specific solar radiation prediction. For ML model creation, four algorithms were compared and tested with several data diagnosis techniques. The simulation results indicated that solar radiation levels are associated with block and building configurations, which are specified in the Smart Growth regulations. Among the four ML models, XGBoost had higher predictability for multiple urban blocks. The results also showed that the performance of ML algorithms is sensitive to data diagnosis and model selection techniques.