bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Naxalbari and Jhapa Revolt: Historical Study
Authors: Pokhrel Rajkumar
Published: July 2019

Naxalbari is a small village in West Bengal, India, where a section of the Communist Party of India (CPM) led by Kanu Sanyal,and Jangal Santhal initiated a violent uprising in 1967. On 18 May 1967, the Siliguri Kishan Sabha, of which Jangal was the president, declared their support for the movement initiated by Kanu Sanyal and readiness to adopt armed struggle to redistribute land to the landless. But before it, as a consequence of the debate in international communist movement, Indian communist Party split and a faction choose the path of Mao Thought to go ahead. The party was led by Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal and Jangal Santhal revolted against the existing political system. The uprising was started from Naxalbari village by using the policy of “annihilation of class enemy”. It is known as Naxalbari Revolt. But the neither could gain achievement nor run for long last. Top leader of the party, Charu Majumdar, was arrested and killed. After his murder, the party split into more than one dozen factions. On the other side, in Nepal, the neighboring district Jhapa came into influence of Naxalbari Revolt and the youth communists of Jhapa started the revolt using the same path of Naxalbari. Jhapa Revolt also runs for only 30 months. Both the movements became failure to achieve the aim. But due to the differences of ruling structure, existing political system, and geo political condition between two countries, the revolt of India split into several divisions and the movement of Nepal, even being unsuccessful to achieve the aim achieved to unify the divided movement. The impact of Naxalbari movement in India seems remain still now in some parts of India but in Nepal, Jhapa revolt has become a history. Whatsoever, both revolts have left impact in both countries till now.
Micro-Finance for Poor and Non-Poor Communities of Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Chandra Prasad
Published: July 2019

The micro-finance institutions are providing service to the people with the noble purpose to improve their socio-economic status which ultimately helps to reduce the poverty Nepal. In the Nepalese context, micro-finance institutions are providing the equal services to all people living in the remote and rural areas. The main objective of this study was to identify the economic importance of micro-finance institutions for poor and non-poor communities of Nepal. The study was conducted in Syangja district among the 385 beneficiaries of micro-finance. This study found that there was no significant association between the poor and non-poor people regarding the success of small scale business with the support of micro-finance, and increasing the amount of saving because p = .524 and .402 respectively which was greater than .05 significant levels. The difference could be observed in the increase in income level of poor and non-poor. Slight better improvement could be seen among the poor people, there was significant association between poor and non-poor because of p = .019.
Targeted Intervention Services for People Who Inject Drugs in Nepal
Authors: K.C. Dipendra Bahadur
Published: July 2019

This study was conducted in the several districts of TI project implemented areas where 102 respondents as a sample size and 12 were the Female Who Injects Drugs (FWID): Kathmandu, Lalitpur Kaski, Tanahu, Chitwan, Kailali, Sarlahi and Jhapa respectively. For the study 10-15 participants enrolled from each districts. The major findings of the study are based upon the Drug User’s perspectives includes: PWIDs were unable to receive services from the Dropping in Centers (DIC) due to the extreme police harassment in the Kaski district. Using contaminated syringe, sharing of used syringe in a group, stolen syringe from the hospitals were the common trend identified during the gap of the project for PWIDs by Nepal Government in Kaski district, Tanahu district and Chitwan district respectively. This study reveals that there was lack of standard intervention protocol and guidelines for the PWIDs community. Furthermore, comprehensive package as well as multi years project was felt to be necessary without any gaps in the services to reduce the HIV transmission, HCV and Hep B among the PWIDs.
नेपाली आख्यानमा तेस्रोलैङ्गिक चरित्र Nepali Aakhyanma Teshrolaingik Charitra
Authors: ढकाल Dhakal दीपकप्रसाद  Dipakprasad
Published: July 2019

नेपाली आख्यान परम्परामा तेस्रोलैङ्गिकता नवीन विषय हो । समाजमा व्याप्त विषमलिङ्गी वा पितृसत्तात्मक वर्चस्वको प्रभावले यौनिक अल्पसङ्ख्यकलाई पहिचानको हक प्राप्तिमा अग्रसर गरायो । परिणाम स्वरूप नेपाली समाजमा तेस्रोलिङ्गीका अभियानले स्थान पाए । यसैलाई अतिरिक्त (२०५०, उपन्यास ) र तेस्रो रङ (२०६६, कथा )ले फरक प्रवृत्तिको आरम्भ ग¥यो । नेपाली आख्यानमा प्रयोग भएका तेस्रोलिङ्गी चरित्र र तिनको स्वभावका मूल पाँच प्रकार देखिएका छन् । स्त्री समलैङ्गिक चरित्र, पुरुष समलैङ्गिक चरित्र, द्वियौनिक चरित्र, अन्तरलिङ्गी चरित्र र अन्तरयौनिक चरित्रका प्रयोगका कारण नेपाली आख्यानको चरित्रयोजना विशिष्ट बनेको छ ।
प्रेमचन्द के उपन्यासों में स्त्री विमर्श: एक अध्ययन Premchand ke Upanyason me stri Bibamarsh: Ek Adhyayan Chan
Authors: तिवारी Tiwari मौसमी Mausami सिंह Singh
Published: July 2019

इस आलेख में उपन्यासकार प्रेमचंद द्वारा लिखित उपन्यासों में स्त्री–विमर्श पर एक अध्ययन प्रस्तुत किया गया है । यह एक अनुसंधानमूलक आलेख है । इसमें प्रेमचंद के उपन्यासों में स्त्री विमर्श के साथ–साथ हिंदी उपन्यास में स्त्री विमर्श के आगमन पर एक संक्षिप्त ऐतिहासिक विवरण उल्लेखित है । स्त्री विमर्श का इतिहास, अवधारणा के साथ ही सिद्धांत और आगमन पर एक विवरण भी उल्लेखित है । स्त्री विमर्श रूढ़ हो चुकी मान्यताओं के प्रति असंतोष व उससे मुक्ति का स्वर है । पितृसत्तात्मक समाज के दोहरे नैतिक मापदंड, मूल्यों व अंतर्विरोधों को समझने व पहचानने की गहरी अंतर्दृष्टि है । विश्व चिंतन में यह एक नई बहस को जनम देता है । पितृसत्तात्मक पारिवारिक संरचना पर सवाल खड़ा करता है । आखिर क्यों स्त्रियाँ अपने मुद्दों, अव्यवस्थाओं और समस्याओं के बारे में नहीं सोचसकतीं ? क्यों उनकी चेतना को इतने लंबे समय से अनुशासित व नियंत्रित की जाती रही है ? क्यों वे किसी निर्धारित साँचे में ढली निर्जिव मूर्तियाँ मानी जाती हैं ? क्यों उन्हें परंपरा से बंधी मूक वस्तु समझा जाता है ? क्यों उनकी अपनी कोई पहचान नहीं ? जब इन सवालों का जबाब ढूँढ़ना शुरू हुआ, तब स्त्री अपना अस्तित्व और अधिकार की बात करने लगी । जो पितृसत्तात्मक के सामने एक बड़ा सबाल के रूप में उभरा । सिमोन द बोउआर के अनुसार “स्त्री पुरूष प्रधान समाज की कृति है । वह अपनी सत्ता को बनाए रखने के लिए स्त्री को जनम से ही अनेक नियमों के ढाँचे में ढालता चला गया । जहाँ उसका व्यक्तित्व दबता चला जाता है ।” राजनैतिक क्षेत्र के साथ–साथ साहित्य में भी स्त्रियों की स्थिति में सुधार हेतु यथेष्ठ प्रयास हुआ है आज भी स्त्रियों की अवस्था में कोई खास परिवर्तन नजर नहीं आता । हिंदी साहित्य में स्त्री–विमर्श की स्थिति काफी महत्वपूर्ण है ।
Financing Municipal Tasks in Slovenia
Authors: Brezovnik Boštjan , Finžgar Mateja , Padovnik Srečko Aleksander , Mlinarič Franjo , Oplotnik Žan Jan
Published: July 2019

The paper examines whether the system implemented for financing local communities (municipalities) in Slovenia in the period 2010-2016 is compliant with the European Charter of Local Self-Government. We examined the cost coverage for performing the tasks of municipalities, the cost structure and the rate of interconnections between the budgeted funds under the eligible expenditure mechanism and the data collected on costs by municipality. Our hypothesis states that the
principles whereby funding would be commensurate with tasks were not fulfilled in the period between 2010 and 2016 in the Republic of Slovenia given that the average per capita costs exceeded the funding under eligible expenditure. The discrepancy had increased from the previously examined period of 2007-2009. The findings show that although the principles of the European Charter of Local Self-Government have been satisfactorily included in the country’s laws, certain discrepancies have been found with regard to funding where the principle of municipal funding had not adequately been taken into account to ensure that funding is commensurate with the tasks. Between 2010 and 2016, municipalities received less funding than the scope of their tasks would require. The situation deteriorated in 2010–2016with respect to the 2007–2009 period when the existing funding model was introduced. The municipal funding model should be improved so that the eligible expenditure calculation takes into account in
real time the real costs needed to perform the tasks of local communities; and the cost structure should be made more homogeneous. The model should be changed to consider and enable the performance of development tasks of municipalities through investments.
Territorial Policy Agenda Revised
Authors: Bučaite˙-Vilke Jurga , Lazauskiene Aiste
Published: July 2019

This paper contributes to the ongoing debates on the relationship between municipality size and non-electoral citizen participation at the local level. We use the data from Lithuania as a case of strongly consolidated local government structures. We discuss three main points. First, our focus is on the limited question of how municipality size affects the intensity of citizens’ non-electoral participation in local decision-making, taking into account citizens’ participatory capacities, contact with municipal authorities and local agents, and municipal performance evaluations. Second, we consider the specificity of the territorial rescaling policy agenda in Lithuania, which is characterised by the long-term direction of the territorial consolidation process. Third, representative population survey data serve as a reasonable platform for testing the hypothesis on the relationship between different citizen participatory practices and municipality size. We assumed that citizen perceptions of municipal problem-solving capacities, local government accessibility, and assessment of local government performance could vary in municipalities of different size. We also expected to find significant correlation between citizen assessment of municipal performance, local government accessibility (varying by local contact activity), and citizen perception of municipal problem-solving capacities by producing statistical clusters of citizen participatory capacity types. The limitations of quantitative statistical approaches constitute a barrier to explaining the subjective perceptions of local citizens hold about their non-electoral participatory behaviour. Our conclusions demonstrate that the perceived potential of non-electoral democratic participation
capacities is relatively limited in both small and large Lithuanian municipalities. Nevertheless, the findings indicate that citizens in large municipalities are more likely to establish local contact activity and have better perceptions of municipal problem-solving capacities than those in small municipalities.
Heirs’ Responsibility for the Decedent’s Tax Debts in the Republic of Slovenia
Authors: Podlipnik Jernej
Published: July 2019

In this paper the author discusses the Slovenian tax rules on the responsibility of heirs for tax debts that their ancestors (decedents) had at death and also tax debts of the estate. Generally the heirs must fulfil all of them, but two groups of exceptions exist. The first one consists of exceptions applicable to all types of tax debts, e.g., liability only up to the amount of inherited property, liability of each heir in relation to his share of the inherited property, non-liability if the heir transfers the inheritance to the state or the local community, non-liability when
the amount of tax is 80 EUR or lower. The second group of exceptions apply only to the personal income tax residents’ liability for that part of the personal income that is taxed annually (employment income, income from economic activity that is established on the basis of actual revenue and expenses, income from basic agricultural and basic forestry activities, income from transfer of property rights, and other income). Since personal circumstances (e.g. living costs, number of children, age) are taken into account when calculating the annual tax
base, the legislator believes that part of the personal income tax is a strictly personal obligation by nature. Hence, it ceases to exist when the tax debtor dies. The heirs are responsible for such tax debts only if the tax is either declared by the tax authority or by the deceased when he is still alive. The author of this paper claims that because the responsibility of the heirs depends on the activity of the tax authority or on the deceased taxpayer and not only on the moment of death, the constitutional equality before the law clause is breached.
Literasi Keuangan dan Perilaku Keuangan
Authors: Riski Tri Rachmat , Sulistianingsih Henny , . Masruri
Published: July 2019

Pengetahuan dan keterampilan mengelola keuangan merupakan faktor kunci dalam memastikan ketidakpastian masa depan yang cendrung dinamis. Pengetahuan atas konsep pengelolaan keuangan yang didukung dengan keterampilan dalam mensikapi permasalahan financial yang ada diharapkan mampu meminimalisirkan ketidakpastian resiko atas return yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat literasi keuangan dan perilaku keuangan mahasiswa perguruan tinggi swasta X dikota Padang. Penelitian ini juga diharapkan mampu memberikan kontribusi bagi pihak kampus dalam mengembangkan konsep serta pendekatan studi keuangan yang relevan dalam meningkatkan literasi keuangan mahasiswa dalam mengarahkan perilaku keuangan yang lebih baik terkait dalam ketidapastian resiko dimasa mendatang. Objek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa yang telah memiliki pengetahuan dan informasi tentang keuangan dikota Padang. Jumlah sampel penelitian adalah 100 orang. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data primer yaitu dengan menyebarkan kuisioner pada 100 orang responden. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan ada penelitian yaitu persamaan structural dengan menggunakan dan teknik uji beda. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan terhadap pengaruh signifikan literasi keuangan terhadap perilaku keuangan pada mahasiswa, sedangkan gender tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan dalam memoderasi literasi keuangan terhadap perilaku mahasiswa. Hasil uji beda juga memperlihatkan bahwanya tidak ada perbedaan signfikan literasi keuangan dan perilaku keuangan pada mahasiswa.
Pengaruh Komunikasi dan Tanggung Jawab terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sumatera Barat
Authors: . Rifmanensi , . Elfianto , Yanti Budi
Published: July 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh komunikasi dan tanggung jawab terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai sebanyak 76 orang pegawai BPS Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Hasil analisis regresi linear berganda diperolah persamaan Y = 0,641+ 0,697X1 + 1,230X2 + e. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan hasil uji t untuk komunikasi dan tanggung jawab secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada  Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sumatera. Dan hasil uji f diperoleh bahwa komunikasi dan tanggung jawab secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai pada  Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sumatera. Nilai koefisien determinasi terdapat pada nilai Adjusted R Square sebesar 57,7%.
Reaksi Pasar Modal terhadap Peristiwa Ekstrim dan Radikalisme (Studi Pasca Serangan Teroris di Surabaya)
Authors: Octavera Sari , Rahadi Febri
Published: July 2019

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efek dari peristiwa ekstrim serangan terorisme yaitu Bom Surabaya pada 13 Mei 2018. Analisis terhadap Abnormal Return dilakukan untuk memperbandingan reaksi yang terjadi pra dan paska peristiwa tersebut. Hasil uji statistik beda dua rata-rata menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sentimen positif paska kejadian. Hal ini mengiplikasikan bahwasanya investor tidak merasa bahwa serangan terorisme merupakan gangguan yang besar terhadap investasi mereka. Perbandingan antara hari-hari pra dan paska serangan bom menunjukkan bahwa AAR hari kedua pra kejadian memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan dengan AAR hari ke 4 paska kejadian menunjukkan bahwa peristiwa pengeboman tidak termasuk sebagai bad news bagi pelaku pasar modal. Reaksi investor terhadap peristiwa serangan bom dilakukan dengan melihat nilai Cumulative average abnormal return (CAAR) dari data paska terjadinya serangan bom dan menunjukkan bahwa return saham perusahaan manufaktur cenderung stabil, dengan peningkatan dan penurunan yang tidak signifikan pada t+1 hingga t+5, yang menandakan bahwasanya tidak terbukti terjadi overreaction paska kejadian.

Kata kunci:  Sentimen investor; fundamental perusahaan; over reaksi.

 

Abstract

This study aims to see the effects of the extreme events of terrorism attacks namely the Surabaya Bomb on May 13, 2018. Analysis of Abnormal Return is carried out to compare the reactions that occur before and after the event. The results of two different statistical tests on average indicate that there is positive post-event sentiment. This implies that investors do not feel that terrorist attacks are a significant disruption to their investment. Comparison between the pre and post-bomb days shows that the AAR of the second day of the pre-event had a significant difference with the AAR on the 4th day after the incident indicating that the bombing event not included as bad news for capital market players. The investor's reaction to the bomb attack was carried out by looking at the value of Cumulative average abnormal return (CAAR) from post-bomb attack data and showing that manufacturing stock returns tend to be stable, with insignificant increases and decreases at t + 1 to t+5, which indicates that there is no evidence of post-event overreaction.

Keywords: Investor Sentiment; firm’s fundamental; overreaction
Pengaruh Event Sponsorship dan Membership Terhadap Brand Image Family Futsal
Authors: Mayasari Hesti , Kadafi Muhammar
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh event sponsorship dan membership secara bersama-sama terhadap brand image di family futsal baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah probability sampling, sehingga dari populasi tersebut diambil sebanyak 81 sampel responden. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan kuisioner. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model regresi yang didapatkan adalah Y = 12,193 + 0,166 X1 + 0,851 X2 + e. Dari hasil uji t diperoleh bahwa : Event Sponsorship berpengaruh terhadap Brand Image dan Membership berpengaruh terhadap Brand Image. Dari hasil uji F diperoleh bahwa Event Sponsorship dan Membership berpengaruh terhadap Brand Image dan hasil analisis determinasi diperoleh angka Adjusted R Square sebesar 0,483 atau sebesar 48,3%.
Pengaruh Komitmen dan Disiplin Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Dinas Perhubungan Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Sari Pratiwi Indah
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this research is to know the effect of commitment and discipline to the performance of employees at the Department of Transportation Jambi province simultaneously. The results showed, mean class for the respondent rejoinder of commitment variable (X1) is 85,65% and mean class for the respondent rejoinder of discipline variable (X2) is 83,55%, this result show the biggest score of mean class for the respondent rejoinder are commitment variable (X1). The amount of variables influence the performance of employee commitment to the Department of Transportation Jambi Province amounted to 3.879%. The influence of variables on the performance of official discipline of Transportation Office of Jambi Province amounted to 2.811%. The effect of variable commitment and discipline to the performance simultaneous of an employee of Transportation Office of Jambi Province amounted to 2.536 (X1) and 2.454 (X2).
Peran Sektor Pertanian terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia (Analisis Input-Output)
Authors: Syofya Heppi , Rahayu Silvia
Published: July 2019

The strategic role of the agricultural sector in the national development includes: providing food for the Indonesian population, foreign exchange earners through exports, supplying industrial raw materials, increasing employment and business opportunities, increasing regional income, alleviating poverty and driving the movement of other economic sectors. In fact, until now the agricultural sector still faces many problems. Government policies that are not in favor of the agricultural sector are obstacles to the development of the agricultural sector. The government is more concerned with the industrial sector because the industry sector has been claimed to provide high income compared to the agricultural sector. Investors are also more interested in investing in the industrial sector than in the agricultural sector. The purpose of this study is to see the magnitude of the relationship between agricultural sub-sectors, both in the future and backward, in the Indonesian economy, seeing the magnitude of the influence of the agricultural sector on the increase in total output, community income, and absorption of Indonesian labor, and see what agricultural sub-sectors can be classified as a leading commodity, potential and lagging commodity in Indonesia based on the ranking of the forward and backward linkages, the agricultural sub-sector that can be classified as a sector that triggers economic growth, the income generating sector and the labor absorption sector based on the number multiplier
How Much Allied Health Therapy Care Is Enough? An Evidence Scan
Authors: Twizeyemariya Asterie , Grimmer Karen , Milanese Steven
Published: July 2019

Purpose: Pressure to eliminate low-value health care is increasing internationally. This pressure has produced an urgent need to identify evidence-based methods to determine the value of allied health (AH) care, particularly to recognize when additional AH care adds no further benefits. This article reports on the published methods of determining the value of AH care. Method: We systematically scanned PubMed, MEDLINE, AMED, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Grey Literature Review database from inception until July 2018 for peer-reviewed English-language literature. Hierarchy of evidence and information on study design and the methods or measures used to determine the value of AH care were extracted. Results: Of 189 articles, 30 were potentially relevant; after the full text was read, all were included. Of these, 24 reported on ways of determining the value of AH care, and 6 described the optimal provision of AH episodes of care. No methods were reported that could be applied to establish when enough AH therapy had been provided. Conclusion: This review found a variety of attributes of value in AH care, but no standard value measure or methods to determine what constituted enough AH care. Repeated measurement of the standard attributes of value and costs is required throughout episodes of AH care to better understand the impact of AH care from the different stakeholders’ perspectives.
Ways to increase productivity in the enterprise
Authors: Semenova Nadezhda Semenovna
Published: July 2019

The article discusses the relevance, the basic concept and factors of productivity growth. The analysis of labor productivity indicators of UGRS JSC Sakhatransneftegaz for 2015-2017 is given.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Snowball Throwing terhadap Kemampuan Mengidentifikasi Unsur Intrinsik Teks Drama Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri o Mangunharjo
Authors: Effendi M. Syahrun , Melia Melia
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh yang signifikan penggunaan model pembelajaran snowball throwing terhadap kemampuan mengidentifikasi unsur intrinsik teks drama siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri O Mangunharjo. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen murni dengan desain control group pre-test-post-test. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri O Mangunharjo yang berjumlah 148 siswa. Dua kelas diambil sebagai sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling yaitu kelas VIII C berjumlah 30 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen  dan kelas VIII B berjumlah 30 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes dalam bentuk tes esai. Teknik analisis data  ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji “t”. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan model pembelajaran snowball throwing terhadap kemampuan mengidentifikasi unsur intrinsik teks drama siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri O Mangunharjo. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil thitung = 2,73 lebih besar ttabel = 2,00 pada taraf sigifikan 5% maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima.
Les budgets participatifs d’investissement : un dispositif politique et/ou un dispositif citoyen
Authors: Saoudi Messaoud
Published: July 2019

Le développement des budgets participatifs d’investissement (BPI) interroge : s’agit-il de replacer le citoyen au coeur de l’action publique locale et/ou de rechercher une légitimité face à la crise de système politique représentatif ? Dans le contexte de défiance à l’égard du politique et de contrainte financière, il s’agit de sensibiliser voire de responsabiliser le citoyen en l’intégrant dans le processus budgétaire local annuel afin de sauvegarder l’expertise des élus et partant leur légitimité politique.
Les régions issues de la fusion vont-elles connaître des économies d’échelle ?
Authors: Orange Gérald
Published: July 2019

Contrairement à ce qui avait été annoncé, les régions fusionnées à la suite de la réforme de 2015 n’ont pas réduit significativement leurs dépenses de gestion et d’investissement en 2017 et 2018. Elles ont développé des nouveaux projets, ce qui n’exclut pas des économies peu visibles. Il serait plus utile de réformer les recettes des régions plutôt que tenter de réduire leurs dépenses.
Le changement dans l’administration territoriale de l’État
Authors: Le Clainche Michel
Published: July 2019

L’administration territoriale de l’État a connu ces dernières années des changements très importants qui sont venus du sommet et dont le sens n’a as toujours été exposé aux intéressés.
How patient specific are patient-specific computational models of cerebral aneurysms? An overview of sources of error and variability
Authors: Steinman David A. , Pereira Vitor M.
Published: July 2019

Computational modeling of cerebral aneurysms, derived from clinical 3D angiography, has become widespread over the past 15 years. While such “image-based” or “patient-specific” models have shown promise for the assessment of rupture risk, much debate remains about their reliability in light of necessary modeling assumptions and incomplete or uncertain model input parameters derived from the clinic. The aims of this review were to walk through the various steps of this so-called patient-specific modeling pipeline and to highlight evidence supporting those steps that we can or cannot rely on. The relative importance of the different sources of error and variability on hemodynamic predictions is summarized, with recommendations to standardize for those that can be avoided and to pay closer attention those to that cannot.
Extending statistical learning for aneurysm rupture assessment to Finnish and Japanese populations using morphology, hemodynamics, and patient characteristics
Authors: Detmer Felicitas J. , Hadad Sara , Chung Bong Jae , Mut Fernando , Slawski Martin , Juchler Norman , Kurtcuoglu Vartan , Hirsch Sven , Bijlenga Philippe , Uchiyama Yuya , Fujimura Soichiro , Yamamoto Makoto , Murayama Yuichi , Takao Hiroyuki , Koivisto Timo , Frösen Juhana , Cebral Juan R.
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

Incidental aneurysms pose a challenge for physicians, who need to weigh the rupture risk against the risks associated with treatment and its complications. A statistical model could potentially support such treatment decisions. A recently developed aneurysm rupture probability model performed well in the US data used for model training and in data from two European cohorts for external validation. Because Japanese and Finnish patients are known to have a higher aneurysm rupture risk, the authors’ goals in the present study were to evaluate this model using data from Japanese and Finnish patients and to compare it with new models trained with Finnish and Japanese data.

METHODS

Patient and image data on 2129 aneurysms in 1472 patients were used. Of these aneurysm cases, 1631 had been collected mainly from US hospitals, 249 from European (other than Finnish) hospitals, 147 from Japanese hospitals, and 102 from Finnish hospitals. Computational fluid dynamics simulations and shape analyses were conducted to quantitatively characterize each aneurysm’s shape and hemodynamics. Next, the previously developed model’s discrimination was evaluated using the Finnish and Japanese data in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Models with and without interaction terms between patient population and aneurysm characteristics were trained and evaluated including data from all four cohorts obtained by repeatedly randomly splitting the data into training and test data.

RESULTS

The US model’s AUC was reduced to 0.70 and 0.72, respectively, in the Finnish and Japanese data compared to 0.82 and 0.86 in the European and US data. When training the model with Japanese and Finnish data, the average AUC increased only slightly for the Finnish sample (to 0.76 ± 0.16) and Finnish and Japanese cases combined (from 0.74 to 0.75 ± 0.14) and decreased for the Japanese data (to 0.66 ± 0.33). In models including interaction terms, the AUC in the Finnish and Japanese data combined increased significantly to 0.83 ± 0.10.

CONCLUSIONS

Developing an aneurysm rupture prediction model that applies to Japanese and Finnish aneurysms requires including data from these two cohorts for model training, as well as interaction terms between patient population and the other variables in the model. When including this information, the performance of such a model with Japanese and Finnish data is close to its performance with US or European data. These results suggest that population-specific differences determine how hemodynamics and shape associate with rupture risk in intracranial aneurysms.
Plea for an international Aneurysm Data Bank: description and perspectives
Authors: Bijlenga Philippe , Morel Sandrine , Hirsch Sven , Schaller Karl , Rüfenacht Daniel
Published: July 2019

The disease resulting in the formation, growth, and rupture of intracranial aneurysms is complex. Research is accumulating evidence that the disease is driven by many different factors, some constant and others variable over time. Combinations of factors may induce specific biophysical reactions at different stages of the disease. A better understanding of the biophysical mechanisms responsible for the disease initiation and progression is essential to predict the natural history of the disease. More accurate predictions are mandatory to adequately balance risks between observation and intervention at the individual level as expected in the age of personalized medicine. Multidisciplinary exploration of the disease also opens an avenue to the discovery of possible preventive actions or medical treatments. Modern information technologies and data processing methods offer tools to address such complex challenges requiring 1) the collection of a high volume of information provided globally, 2) integration and harmonization of the information, and 3) management of data sharing with a broad spectrum of stakeholders.

Over the last decade an infrastructure has been set up and is now made available to the academic community to support and promote exploration of intracranial disease, modeling, and clinical management simulation and monitoring.

The background and purpose of the infrastructure is reviewed. The infrastructure data flow architecture is presented. The basic concepts of disease modeling that oriented the design of the core information model are explained. Disease phases, milestones, cases stratification group in each phase, key relevant factors, and outcomes are defined. Data processing and disease model visualization tools are presented. Most relevant contributions to the literature resulting from the exploitation of the infrastructure are reviewed, and future perspectives are discussed.
Genetic basis of intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture: clinical implications in the postgenomic era
Authors: Samuel Nardin , Radovanovic Ivan
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

Despite the prevalence and impact of intracranial aneurysms (IAs), the molecular basis of their pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Moreover, there is a dearth of clinically validated biomarkers to efficiently screen patients with IAs and prognosticate risk for rupture. The aim of this study was to survey the literature to systematically identify the spectrum of genetic aberrations that have been identified in IA formation and risk of rupture.

METHODS

A literature search was performed using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) system of databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Relevant studies that reported on genetic analyses of IAs, rupture risk, and long-term outcomes were included in the qualitative analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 114 studies were reviewed and 65 were included in the qualitative synthesis. There are several well-established mendelian syndromes that confer risk to IAs, with variable frequency. Linkage analyses, genome-wide association studies, candidate gene studies, and exome sequencing identify several recurrent polymorphic variants at candidate loci, and genes associated with the risk of aneurysm formation and rupture, including ANRIL (CDKN2B-AS1, 9p21), ARGHEF17 (11q13), ELN (7q11), SERPINA3 (14q32), and SOX17 (8q11). In addition, polymorphisms in eNOS/NOS3 (7q36) may serve as predictive markers for outcomes following intracranial aneurysm rupture. Genetic aberrations identified to date converge on posited molecular mechanisms involved in vascular remodeling, with strong implications for an associated immune-mediated inflammatory response.

CONCLUSIONS

Comprehensive studies of IA formation and rupture have identified candidate risk variants and loci; however, further genome-wide analyses are needed to identify high-confidence genetic aberrations. The literature supports a role for several risk loci in aneurysm formation and rupture with putative candidate genes. A thorough understanding of the genetic basis governing risk of IA development and the resultant aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage may aid in screening, clinical management, and risk stratification of these patients, and it may also enable identification of putative mechanisms for future drug development.
The biophysical role of hemodynamics in the pathogenesis of cerebral aneurysm formation and rupture
Authors: Soldozy Sauson , Norat Pedro , Elsarrag Mazin , Chatrath Ajay , Costello John S. , Sokolowski Jennifer D. , Tvrdik Petr , Kalani M. Yashar S. , Park Min S.
Published: July 2019

The pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms remains complex and multifactorial. While vascular, genetic, and epidemiological factors play a role, nascent aneurysm formation is believed to be induced by hemodynamic forces. Hemodynamic stresses and vascular insults lead to additional aneurysm and vessel remodeling. Advanced imaging techniques allow us to better define the roles of aneurysm and vessel morphology and hemodynamic parameters, such as wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index, and patterns of flow on aneurysm formation, growth, and rupture. While a complete understanding of the interplay between these hemodynamic variables remains elusive, the authors review the efforts that have been made over the past several decades in an attempt to elucidate the physical and biological interactions that govern aneurysm pathophysiology. Furthermore, the current clinical utility of hemodynamics in predicting aneurysm rupture is discussed.
Intracranial aneurysm growth: consistency of morphological changes
Authors: Leemans Eva L. , Cornelissen Bart M. W. , Said Miran , van den Berg René , Slump Cornelis H. , Marquering Henk A. , Majoie Charles B. L. M.
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

Previous studies have shown a relation between growth and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Additionally, several morphological characteristics are frequently measured to estimate rupture risk. Little is known about how the rupture risk is associated with morphological characteristic changes during growth. The aim of this study was to provide insights into how morphological characteristics, associated with rupture, change during an aneurysm’s growth.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively identified patients with longitudinal MRA images of unruptured growing aneurysms. The MRA images had an in-plane resolution of 0.2–0.5 mm and a slice thickness of 0.2–0.75 mm. Therefore, growth was defined as an increase of at least 0.5 mm in two directions or 1 mm in one direction. Using the MRA images, the authors semiautomatically segmented the aneurysm and the perianeurysmal vasculature. Twelve morphological characteristics were automatically measured. These characteristics were related to size (diameter, height, width, neck diameter, volume, surface area, aspect ratio, height-width ratio, and bottleneck factor) and shape (ellipticity index, nonsphericity index, and undulation index) of the aneurysm. Morphological characteristics before and after growth were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

RESULTS

The authors included 31 patients with 38 growing aneurysms. The aneurysms’ growth was detected after a mean of 218 weeks (range 23–567 weeks). A significant increase was seen in all size-related characteristics, and the bottleneck factor also significantly increased (from a median of 1.00 [IQR 0.85–1.04] to 1.03 [IQR 0.93–1.18]), while the ellipticity index decreased (from a median of 0.26 [IQR 0.25–0.28] to 0.25 [IQR 0.24–0.26]). The changes in size ratios and shape indices varied largely among patients. Larger aneurysms more often showed an increase in shape ratios.

CONCLUSIONS

Although aneurysm growth, size-related characteristics, bottleneck factor, and ellipticity index changed significantly during growth, most size ratios and shape indices showed inconsistent changes among aneurysms. This suggests that, for an accurate rupture prediction, morphological parameters need to be reassessed after growth.
Economic benefit of neurosurgical intervention for infant hydrocephalus in Haiti
Authors: Hubbard Zachary S. , Shah Ashish H. , Ragheb Michael , Wang Shelly , Jernigan Sarah , Ragheb John
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

Previous models have been utilized in other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to explore and assess the cost, sustainability, and effectiveness of infant hydrocephalus treatment. However, similar models have not been implemented in Haiti due to a paucity of data, epidemiology, and outcomes for hydrocephalus. Therefore, the authors utilized previously described economic modeling to estimate the annual cost and benefit of treating hydrocephalus in infants at a neurosurgery referral center, Hospital Bernard Mevs (HBM), in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective review of data obtained in all children treated for hydrocephalus at the HBM from 2008 to 2015. The raw data were pooled with previously described surgical outcomes for hydrocephalus in other LMICs. Modeling was performed to determine outcomes, neurosurgical costs, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and economic benefits of Haitian hydrocephalus treatment during this time frame. Standard account methodology was employed to calculate cost per procedure. Using these formulas, the net economic benefit and cost/DALY were determined for hydrocephalus treatment at HBM from 2008 to 2015.

RESULTS

Of the 401 patients treated during the study period, 158 (39.4%) met criteria for postinfectious hydrocephalus, 54 (13.5%) had congenital hydrocephalus, 38 (9.5%) had myelomeningocele, 19 (4.7%) had aqueductal stenosis, and 132 (33%) were not placed into a category. Overall, 317 individuals underwent surgical treatment of their hydrocephalus, averting 3077 DALYs. The total cost of the procedures was $754,000, and the cost per DALY ranged between $86 and $245. The resulting net economic benefit for neurosurgical intervention ranged from $2.5 to $5.5 million.

CONCLUSIONS

This work demonstrates the substantial economic benefit of neurosurgical intervention for the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus at a single hospital in Haiti. Based on DALYs averted, the need for additional centers offering basic neurosurgical services is apparent. A single center offering these services for several days each month was able to generate between $2.5 to $5.5 million in economic benefits, suggesting the need to develop neurosurgical capacity building in Haiti. Ultimately, prevention, screening, and early surgical treatment of these infants represent a public health and socioeconomic requisite for Haiti.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KEGIATAN MAHASISWA BERBASIS MODEL GUIDED INQUIRY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS MAHASISWA
Authors: Trisianawati Eka , Darmawan Handy
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan dan mengetahui kualitas Lembar Kerja Mahasiswa (LKM) materi ekosistem berbasis model guided inquiry menurut ahli materi dan ahli media, dan mengetahui peningkatan keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa setelah menggunakan LKM. Bentuk penelitian yaitu penelitian dan pengembangan (R & D).  Tahapan pengembangan tes yang digunakan mengacu pada prosedur pengembangan dariReiser dan Mollenda yaitu ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation). Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka tahapan-tahapan yang dilaksanakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu: (1) Tahap analisis, pada tahap ini dianalisis kebutuhan praktikum, analisis materi dan analisis kebutuhan peralatan, (2) Perancangan, pada tahap ini dilakukan pembuatan LKM sesuai dengan sintak model guided inquiry, (3) Pengembangan, pada tahap ini dilakukan validasi dan uji coba, (4) Penerapan, tahap penggunaan LKM, (5) Evaluasi, pada tahap ini diberikan tes untuk mengetahui keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik komunikasi tidak langsung dengan alat pengumpul data lembar validasi dan tes keterampilan proses sains. Berdasarkan hasil validasi menunjukkan LKM memiliki kriteria baik dan rerata nilai keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa juga memiliki kategori baik. Kata Kunci :  lembar kerja mahasiswa, keterampilan proses sains, ekosistem
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SCRAMBLE DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI NEGARA BERKEMBANG DAN NEGARA MAJU DI KELAS IX A
Authors: Sari Deti Detia , Sore Avelius Dominggus , Suryanti Yulia
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini didasari oleh penelitian terdahulu mengenai penerapan model scramble dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa bahwa hasil belajar siswa relatif rendah. Peneliti bertujuan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi negara berkembang dan negara maju. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan bentuk penelitian adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu: teknik observasi, teknik pengukuran, teknik komunikasi tidak langsung, teknik dokumentasi. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu: lembar obrservasi, soal tes (esay), angket, dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian: hasil observasi siswa pada siklus I pada pertemuan I 86,66% dan pertemuan II 93,33% dan siklus II pertemuan I 100% dan pertemuan II 100%. Begitu juga dengan hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I dengan nilai rata-rata 74 dengan persentase ketuntasan klasikal 68,11%. Terjadi kenaikan yang signifikan pada siklus II yaitu dengan nilai rata-rata 85 dan dengan persentase ketuntasan klasikal 86,36%. Dari hasil tes siklus I dan siklus II terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar klasikal 18,18%. Respon siswa terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran scramblejuga sangat baik yaitu pada angka 96,21%. Kata Kunci: Model Pembelajaran Scramble, Hasil Belajar Siswa
STRUKTUR GENERIK DAN KONVENSI PENUTURAN KANA “INAI ABANG NGUAK”
Authors: Astuti Sri , Susanti Yudita
Published: July 2019

Kana atau kanuak adalah istilah bahasa Dayak Desa yang berarti tuturan. Dalam konteks sastra dan budaya Dayak, kana adalah semacam syair atau puisi naratif yang bertutur tentang kehidupan para dewa di alam kayangan. Tuturan itu dilakukan dengan menggunakan bahasa arkhais. Kana “Inai Abang Nguak” mengungkapkan kehidupan para tokoh di dunia kayangan dengan tujuan menghibur dan mengingatkan masyarakat tentang kehidupan di zaman dahulu di mana dunia manusia dan dunia kayangan tak terpisahkan. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengungkap makna teks kana ‘Indai Abang Nguak’ dengan mengungkap strategi tekstual cerita tersebut. Kata Kunci: kana, struktur generic, konvensi penuturan, sastra lisan
PERANAN KEPOLISIAN RESOR BUKITTINGGI DALAM PENANGGULANGAN TINDAK PIDANA PENCABULAN TERHADAP ANAK
Authors: Jefri Jefrizal
Published: July 2019

Passage 81 and 82 of Law Number 35 Year 2014 about The Changing of the Law Number 23 Year 2002 regulate about sanction to the agent of violence. The Law underlines to give effect and push the concrete steps in maintenance physic, psychic, and social of children. The violence is bad action. Children often become victims of this violence.The problems in this study are: First, how is the role of Bukittinggi Resort Police in crime prevention to children? Second, what are the obstacles faced by Bukittinggi Resort Police in crime prevention to children and how to solve it?

The specification of this research is descriptive analytic. The method uses in this research is the normative and juridical empiric method. The techniques of collecting data uses are field study by interviewing for the primary data and library study for the secondary data. Then, the data analyzed qualitatively in descriptive analysis form. From the research results obtained several conclusions: First, role of Bukittinggi Resort Police in crime prevention to children done through preventive and repressive efforts. The preventive through socialization to pupils, parents and schools.Therefore, the repressive efforts by prohibition effort and investigation.The prohibition of crime prevention to children by socialite.The efforts of investigation suitable by police such as investigation, etc. Second, the obstacles faced by Bukittinggi Resort Police in crime prevention to children is lack of enthusiasm children, societies and teachers and development of technology and information. Others, the obstacles in investigation are unwished of victim to report, difficult to evidence, there are so many requirements should be done and limitation of investigation fund. The efforts to solve the problems are socialite, increase investigation, socialite regulation of ITE, coordination of many sides and increasing of fund.