bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation on Mosquitoes Fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) and Probable Vector of West Nile Virus in Lorestan Province, Western Iran
Authors: Moosa-Kazemi Seyed Hassan , Etemadi Yadollah , Sedaghat Mohammad Mehdi , Vatandoost Hassan , Mokhayeri Hamid , Kayedi Mohammad Hassan
Published: September 2022

Background: Fauna and larval habitat characteristics studies on mosquitoes are important tools to identify the breeding places of the vectors and management of the control strategies. This study was done to provide data on Culicidae fauna, larval habitat characteristics and identifying poten- tial vectors of West Nile virus in Lorestan Province, west of Iran.
Methods: Culicidae mosquitoes were collected at three counties and nine site stations from Lo- restan Province, west of Iran in 2017. Adult mosquitoes were collected using human and animal bite collection methods, New Jersey and CDC light traps and pit shelters by aspirator. Larva were collected by dipping method. RT-PCR technique was employed for detection of the West Nile virus among mosquito’s samples.
Results: 4805 mosquitoes were collected from three counties and nine sites in Lorestan Province during June–October 2017, including 4363 adults and 442 larvae. The most abundant species col- lected from all counties in both adult and larval stages were Culex pipiens (49.10%), Cx. theileri (31.82%), Anopheles maculipennis (11.09%), An. superpictus (2.66%), An. stephensi (2.12%), Cx. perexiguus (1.89%), An. dthali (1.17%) and An. sacharovi (0.15%) respectively. West Nile virus was detected in none of mosquitoes examined.
Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that arbovirus vectors such as Cx. pipiens along with Cx. theileri and Cx. perexiguus are well adapted to a broad range of habitats and different climatic conditions in Lorestan Province. That necessitates further routine surveillance of arbo- viral infections.
Insecticide Resistance and Mechanisms of Culex pipiens Populations in the Mediterranean and Aegean Regions of Turkey During 2017–2018
Authors: İlknur Yavaşoğlu Sare , Mehmet Şimşek Fatih
Published: September 2022

Background: Culex pipiens has a significant public health importance since it is an important vector of West Nile virus and Rift Valley fever virus. We, therefore, aimed to determine the in- secticide resistance level in Cx. pipiens populations in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions of Turkey.
Methods: Bioassays have been carried out against Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) (4%), Malathion (5%), Fenitrothion (1%), Propoxur (0.1%), Bendiocarb (0.1%), Permethrin (0.75%) and Deltamethrin (0.05%). Biochemical analyses have been performed to detect non-specific esterase, mixed function oxidase, glutathione-s-transferase and acetylcholinesterase levels. A knockdown resistance (kdr) (L1014F) and Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1) (G119S) mutations have been detected by using allele-specific primers and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifica- tion of specific alleles (PASA) diagnostic test was performed for detection of F290V mutation.
Results: Bioassay results showed that all Cx. pipiens populations were resistant to DDT, Mal- athion, Fenitrothion, Bendiocarb, Propoxur and some of the populations have started to gain Permethrin and Deltamethrin resistance. Biochemical analyses results revealed that altered glu- tathione-s-transferases, P450 monooxygenases, esterase levels might be responsible for DDT, or- ganophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid resistance in Cx. pipiens populations. Results showed mild to high frequency of L1014F, low frequency of F290V but no Ace-1 G119S mutation within the populations. Additionally, acetylcholinesterase insensitivity was not significantly high within the most of these populations.
Conclusion: Overall results may help to fulfil the lacking information in the literature regarding insecticide resistance status and underlying mechanism of Culex pipiens populations of the Mediter- ranean and Aegean region of Turkey by using all bioassays, molecular tests and biochemical assays.
Scabies Crustosa in a Patient with Insufficientia Renalis - Case Report
Authors: Begolli Gerqari Antigona , Ferizi Mybera , Halimi Sadije , Begolli Ilir , Begolli Mirije , Gerqari Idriz
Published: September 2022

Background: SScabies is caused by the parasite Sarcoptes scabiei. The disease was first described in ancient Greece, while Ferdinand Von Hebra described the stages of development of the arthropodite from the egg to larvae and the adult form of sarcoptosis. The final stage is characterized by the travel of the female parasite and the laying of eggs in stratum corneum and followed by the death of the causer. The main characteristic symptom of scabies is relentless pruritus which is a result of such an infestation inside the skin, as the body reacts to parasites and their excretions, where mites burrow and lay eggs.
Methods: Here we present the 85-year-old patient with scabies crustosa, latent diabetes and renal insufficiency.
Results: Persistent pruritus and scabies rash, where large numbers of mites were detected, was left untreated and further progressed into sores due to scratching. Weakened immunity and chronic illness in the patient resulted in a more severe form of the disease which was diagnosed as scabies crustosa. After treatment with a supplemented antiscabiotic regimen, the patient remained symptom free.
Conclusion: Large population movements, one of the main factors of spread and frequent incidence of scabies, contact with the sick, hygiene means, exchange of wardrobes, sharing bed with the sick, schools, preschools, old-age-care institutions and hospitals, enable spread of the disease. In addition, severe types of scabies that form thick crusts on the skin and present with pruritus as a symptom should be considered in immunocompromised and elderly patients with renal insufficiency where pruritus is also prevalent.
Designing and Evaluating Validity and Reliability of the Questionnaire Concerning the Factors Affecting Person’s Intention of COVID-19 Prevention (FAPI-COP)
Authors: Khazaee-Pool Maryam , Naghibi Seyed Abolhassan , Pashaei Tahereh , Ponnet Koen
Published: September 2022

Background and Purpose: COVID-19’s proliferation worldwide remains a significant threat to public health; therefore, the assessment and measurement of people’s intentions concerning the prevention of this threat can contribute to the development of suitable educational messages that promote preventive behaviors. This study aimed to develop a questionnaire to determine the factors affecting person’ intention of COVID-19 prevention (FAPI-COP).
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on the people living in Mazandaran Province in 2020. The questionnaire was designed via literature review, focus group discussions, and interview with experts. A total of 10 specialists were selected to determine the content validity scores and 10 Mazandarani laypeople used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Finally, content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were calculated by using Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in SPSS, version 24.00.
Results: The first questionnaire consisted of 51 questions, and after evaluating validity and reliability, 36 questions were obtained. The content validity index of the questionnaire was 0.91, the content validity ratio 0.69, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.78, and the internal correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.95 with the confidence interval of 0.80-0.99.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the present questionnaire had acceptable levels of reliability and validity, making it a useful tool in determining the factors affecting intention of COVID-19 prevention by people.
Determining the Qualıty of Life, Social and Emotional Loneliness of Physically Disabled Individuals
Authors: Polat Tuncay , Çetinkaya Fevziye
Published: September 2022

Background and purpose: This study aimed to examine the relationship between the life quality of physically disabled individuals and their social and emotional loneliness.
Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional type of research in which "Physically Handicapped Life Quality Measurement Tool (WHOQOL-DIS)" was used to determine the quality of life, and "Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale (SELSA)" and "Personal Information Form" were also used to examine the levels of loneliness. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 316 people. Pearson Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression analysis were also used to test the relationship between quality of life and loneliness.
Results: 33.3% of the study group was in the age range of 40-49 and their average age was 41.90 ± 12.86 years. A significant relationship (p<0.05) was documented between the WHOQOL-DIS sub-dimensions and the social and emotional loneliness sub-dimensions. There was also found a weak negative relationship between physical domain and social loneliness, a very weak negative relationship between emotional loneliness and family relationships, a weak negative relationship between the mental domain and social loneliness and loneliness in family relationships, and a very weak relationship in the negative direction with emotional loneliness. It was determined that there was a weak negative relationship between social domain and social loneliness, emotional loneliness and loneliness in family relationships. There was also a weak negative relationship between the environmental domain and social loneliness, emotional loneliness and loneliness in family relationships. The results also showed a moderate negative relationship between the quality of life module and social loneliness, and a weak relationship in the negative direction between emotional loneliness and family relationships.
Conclusion: A significant relationship was found between the sub-dimensions of the quality of life scale and the sub-dimensions of the loneliness scale. Also, loneliness was found to be a significant predictor of the quality of life. Any increase in the feeling of loneliness in the lives of disabled people was observed to reduce their quality of life.
Co-morbidity of Diabetes and Tuberculosis can Affect the Results of Treatment; A Case Control Study in Iran
Authors: Afshari Mahdi , Kheradmand Motahareh , Aarabi Mohsen , Parsaee Mohammadreza , Roozbeh Fatemeh , Nezammahalleh Asghar , Heydari Keyvan , Zakian Maryam , Moosazadeh Mahmood
Published: September 2022

Background and Purpose: Several evidences have shown some synergistic effect of diabetes co-morbidity on the tuberculosis (TB) treatment results, while some other studies have not found such associations. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between TB-diabetes co-morbidity and outcomes of TB treatment.
Materials and Methods: The research population in this case control study were patients with smear positive tuberculosis. The cases were 158 patients with TB and diabetes selected by consensus method, while controls were 316 patients randomly selected from TB patients without diabetes.
Results: Frequency of unfavorable outcome among cases was higher than among controls (7.6% vs 7.3% respectively, p-value =0.901). Multivariate logistic regression models showed that the odds ratios for adverse treatment outcome, death, treatment failure, positive smear after the intensive phase of treatment and high grade positivity (2+ & 3+) were 0.97(0.45- 2.06), 0.97(0.42-2.24), 0.91(0.17-4.85), 1.39(0.79- 2.44) and 2.57(0.83- 7.92) respectively. Moreover, treatment adverse outcomes among patients with drug complications (22.2% vs. 6.5%, p-value =0.010) and rural residents (10% vs 4.9% respectively,  p-value=0.037) were significantly higher than those among patients without complication and urban residents respectively.
Conclusion: Although we did not observe any significant association between TB-diabetes co-morbidity and treatment results, there was a significant effect measure regarding the effect of smear positivity at the end of the intensive phase of treatment, especially high grade of smear positivity. Because of probable bias in the classification of the exposure, screening of TB patients regarding diabetes mellitus at the beginning of the treatment is recommended.
Prevalence of Sexual Behaviors among Medical Students in Southeast of Iran
Authors: Balvardi Mohadeseh , Dehdashti Nasim , Imani-Ghoghary Zahra , Bashiri Hamideh , Alavi-Arjas Fatemeh
Published: September 2022

Background and Purpose: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of sexual behaviors and sexting among students of medical science universities in southeast of Iran by indirect method.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, using a multistage non-random sampling method, we recruited 3900 students from eight universities of medical sciences from Kerman and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces, Iran, in 2019. The data were collected using indirect (NSU: Network Scale-up) methods. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test.
Results: Out of 3900 students (mean (SD) age of 22.5 (3.3) years), 48­% were male and 41% were from Sistan and Baluchestan Province. The prevalence of watching porn, masturbation, sexting (text, photo and video), extramarital heterosexual intercourse by nonpayment, sex in return for payment, homosexuality, child abuse (sexual and behavioral), and abortion was 22.6% (95% CI: 21.3 – 24.0), 19.5% (95% CI: 18.2 – 20.7), 8.8% (95% CI: 7.9 – 9.7), 11.7% (95% CI: 10.7 – 12.7), 5.7 (95% CI: 5.0 – 6.5)%, 3.0% (95% CI: 2.5 – 3.5), 0.9% (95% CI: 0.6 – 1.2) and 1.01% (95% CI: 0.7 – 1.3),  respectively. 
Conclusion: According to the results, watching porn, masturbation, extramarital heterosexual intercourse by nonpayment and sexting were more common sexual behaviors among university students. Repetition and addiction to these behaviors can harm physical and psychological health of young people especially in Iranian custom, religion and cultural context. Therefore, the youth should be given appropriate training to correctly react to sexual situations.
A Cross-sectional Study of Road Traffic Safety Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Emergency Department Staff
Authors: Shahsavarinia Kavous , Razzaghi Alireza , Gilani Neda , Zohdi Javid , Basiri Parvaneh , Saadati Mohammad
Published: September 2022

Background and Purpose: Emergency Department (ED) staff are frequently faced with road traffic injury victims and also play role as various road users. This study was conducted to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of ED staff towards road safety at referral trauma hospitals of Tabriz.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 in the referral trauma hospitals of Tabriz. Data were collected using a standard questionnaire. Census sampling was used to select the participants. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation test and logistic regression model were used for the data analysis using SPSS Software.
Results: The mean score of the ED staff in traffic safety knowledge, attitude and practices was 9.73 ± 2.28 out of 15, 95.3±11.4 out of 118, and 61.3±8 out of 76, respectively. The staff’s traffic safety knowledge was associated with their attitude and practices. Moreover, the univariate logistic regression modeling results revealed that participants' traffic safety attitude (OR= 0.96 (95% CI= 0.93-0.99)) and practices (OR= 0.95 (95% CI= 0.91-0.99)) were, independently, correlated with a reduction in road traffic accidents.
Conclusions: The ED staff’s attitudes towards traffic safety had a positive correlation with their practices and also accident experience. Nonetheless, after adjusting the data in terms of knowledge and attitude, road traffic safety practice was not associated with participants' accident experience. It is crucial to consider road safety education in colleges to promote safety knowledge of graduate individuals which will have conspicuous results in risk reduction.
Understanding the Role of Job Stress in Safety Climate in a Dairy Industry using Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Kalteh Hajiomid , Mokarami Hamidreza
Published: September 2022

Background and purpose: The safety climate refers to employees’ perception of safety which can be affected by job-related stress in the workplace. This study aimed to assess the safety climate and investigate the relationship between job stress factors and safety climate dimensions in a dairy industry.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The data was collected using two self-report questionnaires including the Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) indicator tool. After removing the incomplete questionnaires, 164 questionnaires were selected for statistical analysis. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to investigate the association of the study variables.
Results: Most job stress factors and all were correlated to the safety climate dimensions. The highest correlation was detected between job stress factors and dimension of management safety priority, commitment, and competence. Among job stress factors, role (r=0.522, P<0.001) and managerial support (r=0.452, P<0.001) had the highest relationship with this dimension. SEM showed job stress had a significant effect on safety climate (B = 0.52, P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The job stress dimensions could be effective in the safety climate. Besides, management and peer support as well as high job demands could decrease stress. Thus, improvement of job stress could promote employees’ safety behaviors and improve their perception of the organization’s safety management system.
COVID-19: Global Trends and Possible Causes of Disease
Authors: Maqsood Hira
Published: September 2022

Background and Purpose: Covid-19 has infected large proportion of the populaces, and the continuous rise in incidence impelled the declaration of pandemic. The present study expatiated the trends in Covid-19, and explored the significance of immunity and inhabitancy, as well as the possible causes of the pandemic.
Materials and Methods: This ecological study recruited twenty States enduring gruelling trends in the incidence of Covid-19 by 30 September 2020. Each State was selected using non-random non-probability sampling. Incorporate data excerpted both primary and secondary sources, browsed using PubMed, DOIA, and Google Search Engine. The analysis began by contrasting the healthy life expectancy, against the Covid-19 incidence rate. Following that, the researcher assessed the incidence inconsideration to populaces' immunity and inhabitancy profile. Immunity is determined by general hygiene, food sufficiency, and daily sleep hours. While air pollution, UV-radiations, and temperature attributes inhabitancy. Both immunity and inhabitancy profiles were evaluated by forming clusters. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Software, version 16.
Result:  The findings positively associated healthy life expectancy to Covid-19 incidence rate (r=0.02), which meant that the nations indexed high on health profile, and reported high incidence rate. The cluster-1 analysis corroborated the association of nations' hygiene practice (r =-0.34) and food sufficiency (r =-0.08) to a relatively low incidence rate. Whereas, low concentration of air pollution (r=-0.5) in territories played relatively insignificant role in the outbreak and outgrowth of disease. However, cluster-2 observed convincing figures in torrid regions, abided by intense UV-radiation(r=-0.15) and high temperature (r=-0.48). The complete evaluation of data showed the significance of immunity, but failed to manifest relationship considering inhabitancy profile, in low incidence of COVID-19.
Conclusion: COVID-19 trends continue to escalate globally, and nations demonstrate high standing on immunity or inhabitancy profile, frequently falling prey to deadly infection. Thus, they pose ambiguity in associating the exact causations, whether poor health or polluted environment are overall reprehensible for the pandemic disease.
Evaluation of the Emergency Management Conditions Program in HSE-MS: A Case Study on a Car Dashboard Manufacturing Company (Rasti Kar Alborz)
Authors: POURARJMAND Ali , MOHAMADI Hamed
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between emergency management in the field of HSE_MS in Rastikar Alborz Dashboard Company in Qazvin province.
Method: This was a descriptive study conducted with a survey approach. It was applied, in terms of purpose, and correlational, in terms of method of implementation. The statistical population of the study consisted of employees working in Rastikar Alborz Company. Based on the Chris-Morgan table, 169 people were selected as a statistical sample of the study using the relative class sampling method. In order to collect data, demographic characteristics questionnaires, researcher-made questionnaires on emergency management and safety, health and environmental management (HSE _ MS) were used. Then, they were validated by professors. Confirmation and reliability of the questionnaires were estimated to be 0.90 and 0.85, respectively, through Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive statistics (dispersion indices) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, linear regression) were used to analyze the data by SPSS18 software.
Results: The results of the study indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between the components of employees' level of perception of emergency management and management (HSE _ MS) {r: 0.19 and p /0 0.001}. The coefficient of regression was also equal to 0.44.
Conclusion: Based on this result, the ability to predict and explain the dimensions of management (HSE _ MS) for the emergency management component is moderate, and the dimensions of management (HSE _ MS) were above average. Due to the importance of emergency management in the company and the significant role of safety, health and environmental management in this field, the authors recommend that programs such as training courses for employees be provided.
Assessment of HSEE Management System and Resilience Engineering of Cement Industry
Authors: KARIMI Sama , BAGHERI Amin , MIHSENZADEH FatemehMahna , MONAZAMITEHRANI Ghazale
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Irreparable accidents, occupational diseases, and damage to the environment occur annually in the cement industry. Therefore, to minimize the risks, pay attention to the health of employees, and protect the environment, this study was conducted with the aim of “investigating the status of HSEE management system and resilience engineering in the cement industry".
Method: This was a descriptive study with the participation of 182 employees from a cement industry in Iran. They were selected according to random sampling and Cochran's formula. For this purpose, resilience engineering and HSEE questionnaire were reviewed and localized according to the studies and opinions of HSE and cement industry experts. Then, the status of HSEE management system and resilience engineering was reviewed. All analyzes were performed by one-sample t-test method using SPSS version 18 software.
Results: The results of this study indicated that the average of dimensions of resilience engineering and the dimensions of health, safety, environment, and ergonomics management system are lower than the standard score. Moreover, reporting has the highest average (4.72) among the dimensions of resilience engineering and the environment has the highest average (4.76) among the dimensions of the HSEE management system. 
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that by examining the status of resilience engineering and HSEE management system, authorities can improve the performance of HSE management system using the concept of resilience engineering .This is done with proper planning of resilience engineering indicators to strengthen the performance of HSE management system. To improve the level of resilience, every effort should be made to change the horizons of senior management in order to value HSE issues and accept them as a value in the organization.
The Physician-Psychologist as a Model to Train Physicians
Authors: Damavand-Katooli Sargol
Published: September 2022

The Article Abstract is not Available.
Evaluation of the Causes of Acute Respiratory Failure in Pregnant Women Admitted to Shahid Sayyad Shirazi Hospital before COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zanganeh Marzieh , Nazarnejad Ameneh , Keshavarz Behzad , Zahedi Maryam
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is rare in pregnancy and occurs in less than 0.1% of pregnancies, it is one of the most common admissions of pregnant women to the intensive care unit and one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. The aim of this study was evaluation of the causes of ARF in pregnant women admitted to Shahid Sayyad Shirazi Hospital from 2014 to 2019.
Material and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive-analytical in pregnant women with respiratory disorders chief complaints. All cases of pregnant women admitted (1226 cases) were reviewed.  Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.
Results: In total, 75 patients were enrolled in the study and their records were reviewed. The mean age of patients was 28.47 ± 5.06 years. Fifteen patients (25%) had ARF. The results showed that 13.3% of pregnant women with ARF needed to use mechanical ventilation (P=0.038). Also, women with history of chronic lung disease (CLD) are at higher risk for ARF (46.7% vs. 33.3%, P<0.001). Only 1.7% of mothers without symptoms of ARF were infected, but 46.7% of mothers with symptoms of ARF were infected (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that infectious causes (influenza) and underlying CLD including asthma were major causes of ARF in pregnant women. Thus, more careful attention is needed to control the underlying disease, and planning for easier access to the influenza vaccine can play an effective role in reducing the incidence of pulmonary infections.
Evaluation of the Effect of Patient Education and Telephone Follow-Up on Self-Care, Self-Efficacy, and Admission Rate of Heart Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Araghian Mojarad Fereshteh , Salehiniya Hamid , Davoodi Lotfollah , Ghasemian Masoumeh , Nazari Nahid , Ebrahimzadeh Abolfazl , Abdi Kobra
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Telephone follow-up is known for sharing information, providing health education, diagnosing complications quickly, managing symptoms, and providing quality aftercare services. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of patient education and telephone follow-up on self-care and self-efficacy as well as readmission rate of heart patients with COVID-19.
Material and Methods: In this interventional study, 64 heart patients with COVID-19 admitted to a training center in northern Iran during the period from June 1 to September 22, in 2020 were intervened. Data collection tools included demographic and clinical questionnaires, Scherer self-care and self-efficacy questionnaires. After completing the questionnaires and teaching self-care about corona disease and heart disease to patients during six sessions over the phone (10-20 minutes), the researcher again completed the self-care and self-efficacy questionnaires on the fourteenth day. For data analysis, paired t-test and independent t-test were used using SPSS software version 21.
Results: The mean age of participants was 59.53±15.32. The results showed that the mean score of self- care after the intervention had a significant increase (P<0.001), so that the mean score of self- care before the intervention was 54 and after the intervention was 60.14, the mean score of self-efficacies after the intervention increased which is not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Education and follow-up of heart patients with COVID-19 is associated with increased self-care in patients every day. Therefore, follow-up programs, especially telephone follow-up, are recommended to improve the health status of patients.
A Review of Antifungal Activities of Ziziphora clinopodioides
Authors: Eghbali Mohammad , Arab Amirhosein , Hosseinzadeh Mohammad Hossein , Bodaghabadi Fatemeh , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad Ali
Published: September 2022

Ziziphora clinopodioides, also known with vernacular names such as Kakuti-e kuhi, Pinah kuhi, Ankh, Lip vanilla, and mountain mint, is a wild flowering plant that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is used in treating typhoid fever, stomach strengthening, abdominal pains, inflammatory and cardiovascular disease, asthma, cough, bronchitis, insomnia, colds, flu, and other infectious diseases in traditional medicine. Additionally, Z. clinopodioides has various biological activities, including antibacterial, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, appetizer, carminative, antiseptic, and wound-healing properties. In this study, the antifungal activities of Z. clinopodioides were summarized. The Keywords were searched in Scopus until 19 October 2021 and the articles that contain relevant information about the antifungal activity of Z. clinopodioides were included. Z. clinopodioides leaf and aerial parts had significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida guilliermondii, Candida krusei, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton schoenleini. In some studies, its effects were higher than standards (such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, nystatin, and terbinafine). Therefore, it seems that Z. clinopodioides can be a good choice for more experimental and clinical studies as an antifungal agent.
A Review on the Clinical Symptoms and Treatment Methods of Human Hookworm Infections
Authors: Shooraj Mahdi , Mahdavi Seif Ali
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Hookworm infection has overwhelmed human beings for ages and there are explanations about helminths in the primary medicinal manuscripts from 1500 BC. Hookworm is one of the immense three Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) (Ascaris Lumbricoides, Trichuris Trichiura, and hookworm). The goal of this study is to review the prevailing studies on Hookworm infection, clinical symptoms, prevention and treatment to examine different findings in this dominion.
Material and Methods: In the present investigation, the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, IranDoc and SID were examined from 2000 to 2021 and related articles were reviewed.
Results: Review of related investigations revealed that nearly, 2 billion individuals are affected with these helminths around the world and the infection encumbrance might approach malaria. Hookworm infection diagnosis relies on fecal trials, either microscopic or molecular. This infection causes intestinal blood loss, which lead to anemia. In this regard, school-aged children and pregnant women are individuals at the highest risk of infections.
Conclusion: Several aspects such as warm and moist environment, polluted water supply, and poor hygiene affect transmission rate. Besides, some risk factors such as agricultural occupation, barefoot walking, exposure to infected soil, poor environmental sanitation, low socioeconomic background, poor personal hygiene, host age, genetics, and nutritional aspects affect both STH transmission and infection. Clinical symptoms of hookworm contagions are frequently non-specific and could be confusing. Thus, attention to the epidemiology, clinical factors, and laboratory results are significant for examination process. Now more than ever, new plans are needed to regulate hookworm and other STH infections
Immunological Examination of Echinococcus granulosus as a Candidate for Cancer Treatment and Vaccine Development: A Review Study
Authors: Shooraj Mahdi , Hajipour Elahe , Mahdavi Seif Ali
Published: September 2022

Echinococcus granulosus, is a cestode parasite that causes cystic echinococcosis. The vaccination procedure with tumor-associated antigens, coming from evolutionary distant organisms such as parasites, can be beneficial to override tolerance problems encountered with human tumor-associated antigens-based cancer therapeutic approaches. In this article, different databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, IranDoc and SID were examined from 2001 to 2021 and related articles were investigated. The review of related studies concerning human beings' treatment revealed the possibility of inhibition of cancer development via HCF antigens and mucin peptides extracted from this cestode.  Besides, HCF treatment in animal models mostly showed that anti-cancer immune responses were activated. Of note, an influential issue in the design process of an anti-cancer vaccine is triggering efficacious anti-tumor responses by using idyllic antigens for immunization against cancer. In this realm, many antigens have been studied for this purpose and showed different ranges of effectiveness. Based on the cross-reactivity among parasitic and tumor antigens, detection of parasitic antigens that are highly homologous with cancer antigens is an ideal objective for immunization against cancer cells. As the toxicity of HCF was reported in some studies, further research are required to shed light on finding an innovative anti-cancer vaccine derived from parasites. This review article is useful for health managers and researchers working on the anti-cancer vaccine development.
Postoperative Rehabilitation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Akhil Jakkula , Banu T Jahira , Sontakke Yogesh Ashok , Balaji Gopisankar
Published: September 2022

Anterior cruciate ligament injury is commonly seen in sports related trauma. Complete tear requires surgical reconstruction. During postoperative rehabilitation, because of arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI), the quadriceps muscle remains inactive and has reduced contraction. Various strategies were aimed at treating this AMI and/or improve quadriceps strength such as open chain (OKC) and closed chain kinetic (CKC) exercises, blood flow resistance training (BFRT), cryotherapy, and transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS). Of all these, CKC was better than OKC in improving the range of movements, weight bearing exercises provided quicker return to physical activity. Cryotherapy was found to be an effective way to counter AMI and improve knee function and reduce the pain. The BFRT and TENS were found to be ineffective. Single legged hop test at six months postoperatively was found to be reliable predictor of the quadriceps function at one year. Electromechanical dynamometry is the gold standard machine to assess the knee extension and provide exercise, handheld dynamometry is easy to use. Leg press, leg extension machine are other machines used to provide exercises.
Distance Learning Delivery Modalities and Problems of the Technology and Livelihood Education Teachers
Authors: Fortades Danissa Espeña , Habla, Ed. D. Fely A.
Published: September 2022

This study determined the distance learning delivery modalities and what were the problems of the Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) teachers in Barcelona District, Barcelona Sorsogon. The research utilized descriptive-survey method that determined the distance learning delivery modalities used by the TLE teachers. This also described the gathered data through an unstructured interview to determine what were the problems encountered along access to technology, Information and Communications Technology teaching integration, instructional materials, and administrative support.
The research employed researcher-devised survey questionnaire as the main instrument used in data gathering. The respondents of the study were sixty-three (63) teachers in Barcelona District specifically teaching TLE particularly in the intermediate level-grades 4, 5, & 6 where TLE subject are being taught. The responses obtained were statistically treated with appropriate statistical tools and measures using frequency counts, and ranking. Furthermore, the data were evaluated, and interpreted that arrived at valid conclusions.
Building ESL Learners’ Digital Literacy Skills Using Internet Memes
Authors: Nguyen Hanh , Chambers Wendy , Abbott Marilyn
Published: September 2022

Digital literacy skills are crucial twenty-first-century skills that are required for the successful use of technology and active engagement in today's world. However, there is a lack of effective resources and guidelines for developing English as a second language (ESL) learners’ digital literacy skills. Due to their increasingly important and influential role in contemporary society, Internet memes hold great potential for language teaching and learning, particularly given their infectious nature. Internet memes are digital compositions that convey concepts and ideas via a variety of media types, including image, text, audio, and video. In this article, we describe the characteristics and value of memes as a digital resource and explore the ways in which memes can be used to enhance ESL learners’ digital skills. Pegrum et al.’s digital literacies framework provides the lens to both examine memes and inform the development of a detailed guide that teachers can use when selecting appropriate memes for use in the ESL classroom. We also provide an exemplar task for using memes to build intermediate ESL learners’ language and digital literacy skills based on the guide and include links to some useful websites for meme resources and meme-related activities.       

Les compétences en littératie numérique constituent des compétences cruciales du 21e siècle qui sont essentielles pour utiliser la technologie avec succès et s’engager activement dans le monde d’aujourd’hui. Cependant, il existe un manque de ressources efficaces et de lignes directrices pour développer les compétences en littératie numérique des apprenants de l’anglais langue seconde (ALS). En raison de leur rôle important et croissant dans la société contemporaine, les mèmes de l’Internet représentent un grand potentiel pour l’apprentissage et l’enseignement des langues, particulièrement à cause de leur nature contagieuse. Les mèmes sont des œuvres numériques qui transmettent des concepts et des idées à travers des types variés de médias, y compris l’image, le texte, l’audio et la vidéo. Dans cet article, nous décrivons les caractéristiques et la valeur des mèmes en tant que ressources numériques et nous explorons leurs utilisations potentielles pour promouvoir les compétences numériques des apprenants. Nous utilisons le cadre des compétences numériques de Pegrum et al pour examiner les mèmes et soutenir l’élaboration d’un guide détaillé sur lequel les enseignants pourraient s’appuyer pour sélectionner les mèmes appropriés pour une classe d’ALS. Nous présentons également une tâche modèle, basée sur le guide, pour l’utilisation des mèmes dans la promotion des compétences langagières et de littératie numérique d’apprenants intermédiaires d’ALS. De plus, nous suggérons des liens de sites web utiles contenant des ressources sur les mèmes et des activités liées aux mèmes.
Developing Literacy Skills through Collaborative Tasks for Emerging-Proficiency English as Additional Language Learners in Quebec
Authors: Payant Caroline , Bell Philippa
Published: September 2022

Literacy in a first language or in additional languages involves a set of complex cognitive, social, and linguistic skills that develop over time. However, pedagogical materials for low-proficiency English as an additional language (EAL) learners tend to target low-level literacy skills only, such as responding to fact-based questions. Materials that target the development of high-level literacy skills, such as integrating information and reasoning based on inferencing, with these learners are rare, despite these skills being necessary in today’s multimodal, technological world. In this article, we argue there is a need to develop high-level literacy skills with low-proficiency L2 learners which, ultimately, are not language-specific. Drawing on theories of additional language learning and task-based language teaching, we created a multi-day literacy task for low-proficiency learners consisting of various activities. For each activity, we provide examples of the materials with which the students worked and examples of authentic student work, which we obtained through a piloting phase.
La littératie dans une langue première ou additionnelle implique un ensemble de compétences cognitives, sociales et linguistiques complexes qui se développent au fil du temps. Cependant, le matériel pédagogique dédié aux apprenants de l’anglais comme langue additionnelle ayant un niveau bas de compétences tend à cibler uniquement les compétences de littératie de bas niveau, telles que les réponses à des questions factuelles. Le matériel qui vise le développement, chez cette catégorie d’apprenants, des compétences de littératie de niveau élevé, telles que l’intégration de l’information sur la base de l’inférence, est rare malgré la nécessité de ces compétences dans le monde multimodal et technologique d’aujourd’hui. Dans cet article, nous soutenons qu’il y’a besoin de développer des compétences en littératie de haut niveau auprès des apprenants de basniveau de langues secondes, des compétences qui ne sont ultimement pas spécifique à une langue. En nous basant sur les théories d’apprentissage des langues additionnelles et l’enseignement des langues basé sur les tâches, nous avons élaboré une tâche de littératie étalée sur plusieurs jours et formée de plusieurs activités, s’adressant aux apprenants d’un niveau bas de compétences. Pour chaque activité, nous présentons des exemples du matériel mis à la disposition des apprenants ainsiqu’un échantillon de travaux authentiques d’apprenants ayant réalisé les activités durant une phase pilote.
Between Waves: LINC Instructors’ Perspectives on Pandemic Teaching
Authors: Detwyler Dmitri
Published: September 2022

The 2020 outbreak of the global COVID-19 pandemic imposed emergency remote teaching on adult English as a second language (ESL) programs globally, creating unprecedented challenges not only for language learners but also for instructors. Immense difficulties were produced in the collision between a biological hazard (the novel coronavirus) and the power-inflected social structures that organize language teaching in different locales. In this paper I explore some impacts of the pandemic on three instructors in the single largest adult ESL program in Canada, Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC). Grounded in an account of the historical origins and development of the LINC program, a reflexive thematic analysis of instructor responses to vignettes of resonant challenges identified three major issues that were intensified by the pandemic: navigating digital inequities, balancing the teaching of digital literacies and language teaching in an accountability framework, and managing boundaries and expectations. These results are contextualized in the larger conversations around LINC and adult ESL programming globally, and some implications and new directions for the post-pandemic landscape now visible on the horizon are also considered.

L’éclosion de la pandémie globale COVID-19 a imposé d’urgence l’enseignement à distance sur les programmes d’enseignement de l’anglais langue seconde (ALS) partout dans le monde, créant ainsi des défis sans précédent pour les apprenants de langues et leurs enseignants. Des difficultés considérables ont résulté de l’intersection explosive entre un danger biologique (le nouveau coronavirus) et les structures sociales basées sur le pouvoir qui organisent l’enseignement des langues dans plusieurs endroits. Dans cet article, j’explore certaines répercussions de la pandémie sur trois enseignants dans le plus grand programme d’enseignement de l’ALS aux adultes au Canada, le programme CLIC (Cours de langue pour les immigrants au Canada). Basée sur un récit des origines historiques et du développement du programme CLIC, l’analyse thématique réflexive des réponses des enseignants à des vignettes illustrant des défis évocateurs a identifié trois enjeux majeurs qui ont été intensifiés par la pandémie : naviguer les inégalités numériques, assurer l’équilibre entre l’enseignement des littératies numériques et l’enseignement de la langue dans un cadre responsable et gérer les limites et les attentes. Ces résultats sont contextualisés dans une discussion plus large sur le programme CLIC et les programmes d’enseignement d’ALS aux adultes autour du monde. Certaines implications et nouvelles directions pour le contexte postpandémie, désormais visible à l’horizon, seront également discutées.
The Workplace Writing Experiences of EAL Professionals
Authors: John Cheryl
Published: September 2022

A review of the literature on English second language (L2) writing skills reveals a need for more research on the workplace writing experiences of L2 professionals employed in English as an additional language (EAL) contexts. Through a semi-structured interview and a think-aloud activity, this study gathered qualitative data with the aim of gaining insight into the workplace writing practices, challenges, and strategies of five EAL professionals with developing workplace writing skills, employed in Toronto. The data were initially analyzed using a thematic analysis technique, and upon further exploration, three factors were identified as influential in the development of the participants’ workplace writing skills: motivation, awareness of the role of self, and awareness of the role of others.

Une revue de la littérature sur les compétences d’écriture en anglais langue seconde (ALS) révèle la nécessité de mener davantage de recherches à propos des expériences d’écriture dans le milieu de travail des professionnels ayant appris l’ALS et qui travaillent dans des contextes d’anglais en tant que langue additionnelle (ALA). En utilisant des entretiens semi-dirigés et des activités de réflexion à haute voix, cette étude qualitative avait pour objectif de mieux comprendre les pratiques, défis et stratégies d’écriture en milieu de travail de 5 professionnels ALA, ayant des compétences d’écriture en développement et travaillant à Toronto. Les données ont été initialement analysées suivant une technique d’analyse thématique. Des analyses plus approfondies ont mené à l’identification de trois facteurs d’influence dans le développement des compétences d’écriture en milieu de travail chez les participants : la motivation, la conscience du rôle de soi-même et la conscience du rôle des autres.
A polarizer‐free flexible display using dye‐doped liquid‐crystal gels
Authors: Lin Yi‐Hsin , Yang Chih‐Ming , Lo Chun‐Hsiang , Chen Hung‐Shan , Wu Yung‐Hsun
Published: September 2022

Abstract— A reflective‐type polarizer‐free flexible display using a dye‐doped liquid‐crystal (LC) gels is demonstrated. Compared to the conventional guest‐host LC mode, it has high contrast ratio and brightness due to the combining of both scattering and absorption. Such a gel‐like flexible display is bendable and trimable. In this paper, a three‐step switch using distinct dye‐doped LC gels is also demonstrated. The potential applications are e‐paper and decorative displays.