bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Prediction Model for Progressive Surface Subsidence Based on MMF Time Function
Authors: Zhou Bang , Yan Yueguan , Kang Jianrong
Published: July 2023

It is imperative to timely and accurately predict the progressive surface subsidence caused by coal mining in the context of precision coal mining. However, the existing dynamic prediction methods that use time functions still have limitations, especially in the description of the moments of initiation and maximum subsidence velocity, which hinder their wide application. In this study, we proposed the MMF (Morgan–Mercer–Flodin) time function for predicting progressive surface subsidence based on the model assumptions and formula derivations. MMF time function can resolve the limitations in the description of the moments of initiation and maximum subsidence velocity perfectly. Afterward, we established the dynamic prediction model by combining the probability integral method with the MMF time function. Finally, using the measured subsidence data of working panel 22101 as an example, the accuracy and reliability of the dynamic prediction model was verified. The average RMSE and average relative RMSE (RRMSE) of prediction progressive subsidence using MMF time function are 46.65 mm and 4.63%, respectively. The accuracy is optimal compared with other time functions (for the average RMSE, Logistic time function is 80.57 mm, Gompertz time function is 79.77 mm, and Weibull time function is 90.61 mm; for the average RRMSE, Logistic time function is 7.66%, Gompertz time function is 7.73%, and Weibull time function is 8.62%). The results show that the method proposed in this paper can fully meet the requirements of practical engineering applications, achieve accurate dynamic prediction during the coal mining process, and provide good guidance for surface deformation and building protection.
Biome Generation Tool: A Mixed-Initiative Software for the Procedural Generation of Biomes
Authors: Sepúlveda Gabriel K. , Besoain Felipe , von Brand Sven , Barriga Nicolas A.
Published: July 2023

This article presents the Biome Generation Tool (BGT), a mixed-initiative procedural content generator plugin for the Unity3D game engine that uses an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) for the creation of biomes in videogames. A double-blind evaluation was performed with 28 videogame developers split into two groups. The experimental group received a standard BGT, while the control group received a version optimizing for the negative of the fitness function. A survey with semantic differential questions focused on AI impact, productivity, and user satisfaction was applied. The experimental group’s appreciation of the AI suggestions, perceived productivity increase, and satisfaction were significantly higher than those of the control group. From the results, we conclude that the BGT succeeds in assisting the development of biomes, generating products of acceptable quality while reducing the designer’s workload. In the future, we expect to confirm these results with a separate group of users evaluating the biomes built using BGT.
Evaluation of the Retentive Forces from Removable Partial Denture Clasps Manufactured by the Digital Method
Authors: Anes Vitor , Neves Cristina B. , Bostan Valeria , Gonçalves Sérgio B. , Reis Luís
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the retentive forces over time of removable partial denture clasps fabricated by the digital method. Occlusal rest seats were fabricated on three premolar teeth fixed in acrylic blocks (9 × 20 × 40 mm). Digitization of the teeth was performed using a laboratory scanner (Zirkonzahn Scanner S600 GmbH, Gais, Italy). After the analysis and determination of the insertion axis, two types of clasps with mesial occlusal rests were designed per tooth: the back-action and the reverse back-action clasps, using the Partial Planner Zirkonzahn program. The file was sent for fabrication of six metal clasps from a cobalt-chromium SP2 alloy in the EOSINT M270 system by a direct laser sintering process. The Instron 5544 universal testing machine was used to perform 20,000 cycles of clasp insertion and removal in the corresponding tooth with a load cell of 100 N and a speed of 2.5 mm/s. The retentive force was recorded for each of the 1000 cycles, and the change in retention over time was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test and a significance level of 5%. At 16,000 cycles, a maximum change in retention of 3.74 N was recorded for the back-action clasps and a minimum of −24.28 N at 1000 cycles for the reverse back-action clasps. The reverse back-action clasps exhibited statistically significant lower change in retention than the reverse-action clasps at 4000 and 5000 cycles. No differences were observed in the remaining cycles. During the 20,000 cycles, the change in retention was low regardless of the type of clasp. For most cycles, there were no differences in the change in retention between the two types of clasps.
Indoor Radon Survey in Aksu School and Kindergarten Located near Radioactive Waste Storage Facilities and Gold Mines in Northern Kazakhstan (Akmola Region)
Authors: Kashkinbayev Yerlan , Kazymbet Polat , Bakhtin Meirat , Khazipova Aisulu , Hoshi Masaharu , Sakaguchi Aya , Ibrayeva Danara
Published: July 2023

Northern Kazakhstan is considered a field of uranium, gold mining, copper–molybdenum ore, and other metals. The aims of the current work were to monitor the indoor radon levels in a school and a kindergarten and to determine the levels of teacher and student exposure to radon. High radon concentrations were detected in the school on the first floor at ca. 9600 Bq/m3, on the second floor at ca. 6800 Bq/m3, on the third floor at ca. 4900 Bq/m3, and in the kindergarten, the concentration was ca. 9500 Bq/m3. The annual effective dose of the students and teachers of the school and kindergarten varied from 4 mSv/y to 9 mSv/y, which is an order of magnitude higher than the upper annual dose limit. The excess lifetime cancer risk was 14–20% for students, 31.1% for school and kindergarten staff, and 34.9% for kindergarten children. The indoor radon concentrations varied with weather conditions, and it was evident that ventilation had a significant effect on the reduction in the concentration. At these premises, positive correlations between the radon concentrations, outside temperature, and relative humidity were obtained, showing that the concentration of radon is influenced by meteorological parameters. This study will help to identify buildings where continuous monitoring is needed in order to reduce indoor radon levels.
Head Waves in Modified Weiskopf Sandy Medium
Authors: Karakozova Anastasia , Kuznetsov Sergey
Published: July 2023

In this study, a modified anisotropic elastic Weiskopf model for a sandy medium was introduced, satisfying the highest rotational symmetry compatible with a Weiskopf sandiness parameter greater than the unity. The developed approach was applied for computing and comparing head SP waves propagating along the free surface of the halfspace. The comparison revealed a substantial discrepancy in the SP wave pulses detected at the points of observation. The developed models for the generation and detection of SP waves are based on the FEA (finite element analysis) of the inner Lamb problem.
Whole Genome Screening Procures a Holistic Hold of the Russian Chicken Gene Pool Heritage and Demographic History
Authors: Romanov Michael N. , Abdelmanova Alexandra S. , Fisinin Vladimir I. , Gladyr Elena A. , Volkova Natalia A. , Anshakov Dmitry V. , Stanishevskaya Olga I. , Vakhrameev Anatoly B. , Dotsev Arsen V. , Griffin Darren K. , Zinovieva Natalia A.
Published: July 2023

A study for genomic variation that may reflect putative selective signaling and be associated with economically important traits is instrumental for obtaining information about demographic and selection history in domestic animal species and populations. A rich variety of the Russian chicken gene pool breeds warrants a further detailed study. Specifically, their genomic features can derive implications from their genome architecture and selective footprints for their subsequent breeding and practical efficient exploitation. In the present work, whole genome genotyping of 19 chicken breeds (20 populations with up to 71 samples each) was performed using the Chicken 50 K BeadChip DNA chip. The studied breed sample included six native Russian breeds of chickens developed in the 17th–19th centuries, as well as eight Russian chicken breeds, including the Russian White (RW), created in the 20th century on the basis of improving local chickens using breeds of foreign selection. Five specialized foreign breeds of chickens, including the White Leghorn (WL), were used along with other breeds representing the Russian gene pool. The characteristics of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of the native breeds of chickens were represented in comparison with foreign breeds. It was established that the studied native breeds demonstrate their own genetic structure that distinguishes them from foreign breeds, and from each other. For example, we previously made an assumption on what could cause the differences between two RW populations, RW1 and RW2. From the data obtained here, it was verified that WL was additionally crossed to RW2, unlike RW1. Thus, inherently, RW1 is a purer population of this improved Russian breed. A significant contribution of the gene pool of native breeds to the global genetic diversity of chickens was shown. In general, based on the results of a multilateral survey of this sample of breeds, it can be concluded that phylogenetic relationships based on their genetic structure and variability robustly reflect the known, previously postulated and newly discovered patterns of evolution of native chickens. The results herein presented will aid selection and breeding work using this gene pool.
Brain Injury and Neurodegeneration: Molecular, Functional, and Translational Approach
Authors: Ahluwalia Meenakshi , Gaur Pankaj , Vaibhav Kumar
Published: July 2023

Recently, we have achieved substantial progress in our understanding of brain injury and neurodegeneration [...]
Auditory Personalization of EMDR Treatment to Relieve Trauma Effects: A Feasibility Study [EMDR+]
Authors: Grifoni Joy , Pagani Marco , Persichilli Giada , Bertoli Massimo , Bevacqua Maria Gabriela , L’Abbate Teresa , Flamini Ilaria , Brancucci Alfredo , Cerniglia Luca , Paulon Luca , Tecchio Franca
Published: July 2023

According to the WHO (World Health Organization), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an elective therapy to treat people with post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). In line with the personalization of therapeutic strategies, through this pilot study, we assessed in people suffering from the effects of trauma the feasibility, safety, acceptance, and efficacy of EMDR enriched with sound stimulation (by administering neutral sounds synchronized with the guided bilateral alternating stimulation of the gaze) and musical reward (musical listening based on the patients’ predisposition and personal tastes). Feasibility, quantified by the number of patients who completed the treatment, was excellent as this was the case in 12 out of the 12 enrolled people with psychological trauma. Safety and acceptance, assessed by self-compiled questionnaires, were excellent, with an absence of side effects and high satisfaction. Efficacy, quantified by the number of EMDR treatment sessions required to reach the optimal scores on the Subjective Units of Disturbance (SUD) and Validity of Cognition (VOC) scales typical of EMDR protocols, revealed an average duration of 8.5 (SD 1.2) sessions, which is well below the 12 sessions considered a standard EMDR treatment duration. EMDR+ appears to be a relevant personalization of EMDR, particularly in music-sensitive people, consolidating the therapeutic alliance through a multisensory communicative bond for trauma treatment.
fNIRS Assessment during Cognitive Tasks in Elderly Patients with Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Kang Min-Ju , Cho Su-Yeon , Choi Jong-Kwan , Yang Young-Soon
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to investigate differences in prefrontal cortex activation between older adults with and without depressive symptoms during cognitive tasks using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We examined 204 older participants without psychiatric or neurological disorders who completed the Geriatric Depression Scale, digit span, Verbal Fluency Test, and Stroop test. At the same time, prefrontal cortex activation was recorded using fNIRS. During the Stroop test, significantly reduced hemodynamics were observed in the depressive-symptom group. The mean accΔHbO2 of all channel averages was 0.14 μM in the control group and −0.75 μM in the depressive-symptom group (p = 0.03). The right hemisphere average was 0.13 μM and −0.96 μM, respectively (p = 0.02), and the left hemisphere average was 0.14 μM and −0.54 μM, respectively (p = 0.12). There was no significant difference in hemodynamic response (mean accΔHbO2) between the two groups during the digit span backward and VFT. In conclusion, reduced hemodynamics in the frontal cortex of the depressive-symptom group has been observed. The frontal fNIRS signal and the Stroop task may be used to measure depressive symptoms sensitively in the elderly.
The Impact of Action Planning after Causation-and-Effectuation-Based Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Thein Khin Sandar , Takahashi Yoshi , Soe Aye Thanda
Published: July 2023

The entrepreneurship literature shows inconsistent results in outcome effectiveness, such as entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), entrepreneurial intention (EI), and entrepreneurial behavior. This could be due to the sole focus on the motivational aspects of behavioral change. Action planning, a volitional intervention used to modify health behavior, could resolve the inconsistent results mentioned above. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the direct impacts of action planning intervention (API) following entrepreneurship education (EE) on ESE, EI, and opportunity recognition and to examine the behavioral change process from motivational and volitional perspectives. In this randomized controlled trial (RCT), we considered action planning to enhance entrepreneurial behavior after EE. The sample included 83 participants from a university in Myanmar. We randomly assigned the students to the API and control groups. We collected data on ESE and EI before and after training. We used objective measures for opportunity recognition through an opportunity evaluation framework. Serial mediation analysis revealed that the volitional impact on opportunity recognition was positively significant. From a motivational standpoint, ESE improved significantly, but we found no significant impact on EI; ESE and EI were serial mediators, with no specific mediation solely by ESE or EI. The findings contribute to the EE literature by presenting a brief and cost-effective API for EE.
Project Leadership Functions and the Associated Behaviour for Projects and Project Organisations
Authors: Olugboyega Oluseye , Ejohwomu Obuks , Omopariola Emmanuel Dele , Omoregie Alohan
Published: July 2023

Individuals and their leadership competencies have been the sole focus of project leadership research, rather than the project leadership’s behaviour and functions in project and organisational settings. As a result, this study investigates the project leadership functions and behaviours required for various project and organisational situations in order to propose a project leadership model that will be effective in all project and organisational situations. The model that was developed and tested in this study theorised about the project leadership function that project leaders are expected to perform as a result of their positions. It also described how project leaders could tailor their leadership functions and behaviours to address issues related to positions, organisational situations, and project situations. Three hypotheses were developed and tested using structural equation modelling to validate the model. The model’s perceptive power demonstrates adequate validity. The model’s validity implies that there are appropriate project leadership functions for different leadership levels and circumstances. The model’s validity also implies that each project leadership behaviour has its own value, as conditions and necessities dictate. The study assumes that a project leader can embrace project leadership by combining a few different project leadership functions and behaviours.
Field Test and Numerical Simulation of a New Layered Structure
Authors: Hao Ying-Qi , Ye Zhong-Bao , Zhou Xin-Gui
Published: July 2023

To study the attenuation and dispersion effect of a new protective structure distribution layer constructed with a hollow particle composite material on the shock wave, a similar model field explosion test was carried out in this paper. The numerical simulation of explosion tests under different conditions was carried out by using the finite element program 3D/LS-DYNA and the test results were used for verification. The experimental results showed that under the same charge conditions, the shell-shielding layer above the distribution layer of the hollow-shell particle composite material was greatly deformed and the damage was more serious than that above the distribution layer of yellow sand, which had an obvious attenuation effect on the shock wave. Under the same charge condition, the stress peak at the bottom of the distribution layer of the empty shell particle composite material was 0.47 times that of the distribution layer of yellow sand at the same position; the stress wave rose and the pulse width increased, which had an obvious dispersion effect. The distribution layer constructed by the hollow particle composite material had no obvious overall comminution damage, which improved the secondary anti-explosion ability of the protective structure. Therefore, the distribution layer constructed with the hollow particle composite not only enhanced the energy absorption and wave elimination of the protective structure, but also improved the safety of the protective structure.
Pedestrian Simulation on Evacuation Behavior in Teaching Building of Primary School Emergencies and Optimized Design
Authors: Lian Haitao , Zhang Sijia , Li Gaomei , Zhang Yuchen
Published: July 2023

The spatial layout and arrangement of obstacles in the built environment significantly affect its evacuation performance. However, few researchers focus on pedestrian simulation-based design optimization of built environment under emergency evacuation conditions. In this paper, we aim to evaluate the evacuation performance of optimized design solutions for traffic space in the teaching building of a primary school based on a pedestrian simulation approach and to quantify the effect of design parameters on evacuation time. Firstly, the level of traffic space design parameters was determined and optimized design solutions for the traffic space of the school building were generated. Secondly, based on the Anylogic simulation platform, the environment module and pedestrian evacuation behaviour rules of the teaching building were built to realize the evacuation behaviour simulation. Thirdly, the effect of the traffic space design parameters on the evacuation time of the teaching building was evaluated and the most significant design parameters were identified. Finally, the optimal combination of traffic space design parameters was proposed under evacuation performance orientation. The results show that the sensitivity of the traffic space design parameters to evacuation time is 31.85%. The effect of corridor width on evacuation time is 49.06 times greater than the staircase width. The optimal design combination for the traffic space in the teaching building of the primary school is a 3.0 m wide trapezoidal corridor combined with a 3.6 m wide staircase, and a 3.0 m wide fish maw corridor combined with 3.6 m wide staircase, guided by evacuation performance. The framework developed in this paper provides technical support for the development of evacuation performance-oriented design optimization of the built environment, and the results are intended to supplement the building design specifications.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties and Drying Shrinkage Compensation of Solidified Ultra-Fine Dredged Sand Blocks Made with GGBS-Based Geopolymer
Authors: Feng Ming , Jiang Chaohua , Wang Yixuan , Zou Yongqi , Zhao Junxian
Published: July 2023

As natural aggregates become increasingly scarce, attention has turned to ultra-fine dredged sand (UDS) generated in waterway regulation engineering. UDS is typically challenging to utilize due to its high clay content and high water demand. This article uses ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS)-based geopolymer to solidify UDS, along with sodium silicate (SS) and sodium hydroxide (SH) as alkaline activators. This paper explores the effects of SS modulus (SiO2/Na2O molar ratio) and mass percentage content of Na2O on the fluidity, setting time, mechanical properties, and shrinkage behavior of hybrid UDS-GGBS geopolymer (HUGG) paste. According to the research findings, increased SS modulus and Na2O content lead to decreased fluidity and setting time. When the Na2O content reaches 6%, flash coagulation occurs in the slurry, leading to more internal shrinkage cracks and pores. This has been confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. When Na2O content is 5%, and SS modulus is 1.0, the 90-day maximum compressive strength reaches 56.53 MPa, corresponding to a splitting tensile strength of 6.83 MPa, which can be considered the optimal formulation. Meanwhile, basalt and polypropylene fibers (BF and PPF) are chosen to compensate for the susceptibility to drying shrinkage. Both BF and PPF can significantly inhibit the linear drying shrinkage of the HUGG paste. The BF’s ability to enhance mechanical properties is more robust than PPF’s, which can make the paste more homogeneous. The research contributes an effective method for the resource utilization of UDS.
Clustering of Asphalt Pavement Maintenance Sections Based on 3D Ground-Penetrating Radar and Principal Component Techniques
Authors: Liu Huimin , Zheng Jianhao , Yu Jiangmiao , Xiong Chunlong , Li Weixiong , Deng Jie
Published: July 2023

Asphalt pavement maintenance section classification is an important prerequisite for accurately determining asphalt pavement maintenance needs and formulating accurate maintenance plans. This paper introduces the three-dimensional (3D) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) pavement internal crack rate index on the basis of an original road surface performance data matrix, and the dimensionality of the road section classification data matrix was reduced through the principal component technique. An analysis of variance was used to compare the significance of the differences in the results for road section classification using different clustering methods and different clustering data and to investigate the influence of the clustering method, principal component technique and crack rate index on the maintenance road section classification results. The results showed that the principal component technique could reduce the dimensionality of the data matrix by 33% and retain more than 84% of the information. There was a genetic relationship between the clustering data and the technical characteristics of the classified sub-sections, and the internal crack rate was important for the characterisation of internal defects in asphalt pavement sub-sections and the determination of maintenance needs. The results of section classification varied considerably between clustering methods, and the choice of clustering method had a relationship to the pavement maintenance objectives. The dynamic clustering method combined with principal component analysis could significantly improve the significance of the differences in the clustering results, effectively improving the division of maintenance sections.
Practical Investigation on the Strengthening of the Built-Up Steel Main Girder of a Metro Station with Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer on the Inside Part of the Tensioned Flange
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed A. M. A. , Nhut Phan Viet , Matsumoto Yukihiro
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the effectiveness of a carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) in enhancing the load-carrying capacity of a steel main girder in a metro station. The objective is to evaluate the applicability of CFRPs in sustaining increases in applied loads and assessing their effectiveness on curved surfaces. Finite element analysis (FEA) identified the most stressed areas of the girder under design loads. Based on the FEA results, a targeted strengthening procedure using CFRP sheets was proposed. Various arrangements of CFRP sheets were tested, including different orientations and thicknesses up to 60% of the girder’s flange thickness. To validate the FEA accuracy, two small-scale specimen beams were prepared and tested in the laboratory. One beam was strengthened with CFRP sheets on the tension part of the inner flange side, similar to the suggested strengthening method for the girder. The FEA results show that the CFRP increases stresses by an average of 8% to 10% for the steel main girder, with strengthening effects up to 19% at the center of the CFRP strengthening positions, differing from a regular straight flange shape. Significantly reducing stresses required a total CFRP layer thickness of at least 50% of the flange’s total thickness. Applying a CFRP on the inner face of the girder preserves its usability without the need for openings in finishes or the metal deck surface. The findings highlight CFRP’s potential to enhance load-carrying capacity on curved surfaces and sustain increased applied loads, offering a promising solution for strengthening infrastructure and similar applications.
Design for Deconstruction: Benefits, Challenges, and Outlook for Timber–Concrete Composite Floors
Authors: Derikvand Mohammad , Fink Gerhard
Published: July 2023

Design for deconstruction (DfD) considers the end-of-life scenario of buildings at an early design stage to ensure that these buildings (or parts of the buildings) can be deconstructed without unproportional effort and material loss. After deconstruction, the elements or materials can be used for future purposes such as reusing (preferably), remanufacturing, or recycling. This opinion paper is aimed to advocate for DfD in timber–concrete composite (TCC) floors as it represents an important contribution toward circular economy design and creates a more sustainable built environment. Different end-of-life scenarios for TCC floors according to their original design and connection type were initially explored. Existing deconstructable connection systems that could enable DfD in TCC floors were reviewed. Furthermore, potential challenges relating to the implementation of DfD in TCC floors are briefly highlighted. Finally, a discussion around the outlook and actions that might be needed to address some of the identified challenges is provided. This paper proposes directions for future developments and contributes to the understanding and promotion of DfD in TCC floors with an emphasis on deconstructable connectors that can enable material recovery and reuse as the preferred end-of-life scenario.
Fiber-Reinforced Polymers and Fiber-Reinforced Concrete in Civil Engineering
Authors: Shi Jianzhe
Published: July 2023

Concrete has become one of the most widely used structural materials in civil engineering [...]
Vibration of Timber and Hybrid Floors: A Review of Methods of Measurement, Analysis, and Design
Authors: Karampour Hassan , Piran Farid , Faircloth Adam , Talebian Nima , Miller Dane
Published: July 2023

Floor vibration, although not a safety concern, is a prevalent performance complaint in multi-story structures. With the increasing use of mass timber construction, various types of long-span timber floors (LSTFs), including plain cross-laminated timber (CLT), CLT with secondary beams (ribbed-deck), and hybrid systems such as timber–concrete composite (TCC) and CLT on-steel-support beams, are gaining popularity. However, due to limited knowledge regarding their vibration characteristics and acceptance criteria, these construction types are often overlooked during the design stage by architects, engineers, and builders. Existing standards and guidelines primarily calibrated for steel and concrete floors lack a validated and calibrated method for evaluating the vibration performance of LSTFs. Nonetheless, it is essential for structural engineers to address vibration concerns during the design stage and potentially investigate excessive vibration in existing buildings, providing mitigation solutions. This article provides a comprehensive overview, discussion, and analysis of the measurement, analysis, design, perception, and acceptability of vibration of timber floors as outlined in international standards and commonly used guidelines. Experimental and theoretical case studies, including vibration measurements of a CLT floor and a comparison of vibration acceptability in lightweight timber floors using different methods, are reported. The results highlight discrepancies between simplified equation calculations and modal analysis observations, underscoring the limitations of relying solely on simplified equations. Furthermore, it is observed that current modal superposition methods tend to be conservative in predicting floor acceleration and velocity responses. Recommendations are provided for future research in the field to enhance floor vibration assessment techniques, aiming for improved design optimization and occupant comfort.
The Local Microbiome in Esophageal Cancer and Treatment Response: A Review of Emerging Data and Future Directions
Authors: Pandey Abhishek , Lieu Christopher H. , Kim Sunnie S.
Published: July 2023

The incidence of esophageal cancer is increasing worldwide, with established risk factors explaining only a small fraction of cases. Currently, there are no established screening protocols in most countries, and treatment options are limited. The human microbiome has been implicated in carcinogenesis and the cancer treatment response. The advent of nucleic acid sequencing technologies has enabled more comprehensive, culture-independent bacterial identification. Across several tumor types, studies of tissue-specific microbiomes have shown associations between the overall microbiome composition, the relative abundance of specific bacteria, and tumorigenesis. Furthermore, in the era of cancer immunotherapy, several studies have demonstrated that the microbiome and specific bacteria may modify treatment responses and the risk of immune-related adverse events. Design: peer-reviewed, published studies describing the role of local, gastrointestinal-specific microbiota or the role of the gut microbiome in treatment responses were reviewed. PubMed was searched from 1 September 2022 to 1 November 2022, using the following terms in combination: “microbiome”, “tumor microbiome”, “esophageal cancer”, “cancer”, “cancer treatment”, and “immunotherapy”. Original research articles were considered, and other reviews or editorials were discarded. In total, approximately 250 articles were considered. Results: over 70 studies describing microbiome research in either gastrointestinal carcinogenesis or the systemic treatment response were identified and reviewed. Conclusions: a growing body of evidence supports the role of the esophageal microbiome in both esophageal tumorigenesis and the immune checkpoint inhibitor response. More well-designed, comprehensive studies are required to collect the appropriate clinical, microbial, and immunophenotype data that are needed to clarify the precise role of the microbiome in esophageal carcinogenesis and treatment.
The Impact of ioMRI on Glioblastoma Resection and Clinical Outcomes in a State-of-the-Art Neuro-Oncological Setup
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ille Sebastian , Schwendner Maximilian , Wiestler Benedikt , Meyer Bernhard , Krieg Sandro M.
Published: July 2023

Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (ioMRI) aims to improve gross total resection (GTR) in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Despite some older randomized data on safety and feasibility, ioMRI’s actual impact in a modern neurosurgical setting utilizing a larger armamentarium of techniques has not been sufficiently investigated to date. We therefore aimed to analyze its effects on residual tumor, patient outcome, and progression-free survival (PFS) in GBM patients in a modern high-volume center. Patients undergoing ioMRI for resection of supratentorial GBM were enrolled between March 2018 and June 2020. ioMRI was performed in all cases at the end of resection when surgeons expected complete macroscopic tumor removal. Extent of resection (EOR) was performed by volumetric analysis, with GTR defined as an EOR ≥ 95%, respectively. Progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed through univariate and multivariate Cox proportional regression analyses. In total, we enrolled 172 patients. Mean EOR increased from 93.9% to 98.3% (p < 0.0001) due to ioMRI, equaling an increase in GTR rates from 78.5% to 93.0% (p = 0.0002). Residual tumor volume decreased from 1.3 ± 4.2 cm3 to 0.6 ± 2.5 cm3 (p = 0.0037). Logistic regression revealed recurrent GBM as a risk factor leading to subtotal resection (STR) (odds ratio (OR) = 3.047, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.165–7.974, p = 0.023). Additional resection after ioMRI led to equally long PFS compared to patients with complete tumor removal before ioMRI (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.898, 95%-CI 0.543–1.483, p = 0.67). ioMRI considerably reduces residual tumor volume and helps to achieve comparable PFS, even in patients with unexpected residual tumor after initial resection before ioMRI.
Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) Rechallenge in Advanced Melanoma Patients’ Responders to a First Course of ICI: A Multicenter National Retrospective Study of the French Group of Skin Cancers (Groupe de Cancérologie Cutanée, GCC)
Authors: Nardin Charlée , Hennemann Aymeric , Diallo Kadiatou , Funck-Brentano Elisa , Puzenat Eve , Heidelberger Valentine , Jeudy Géraldine , Samimi Mahtab , Lesage Candice , Boussemart Lise , Peuvrel Lucie , Rouanet Jacques , Brunet-Possenti Florence , Gerard Emilie , Seris Alice , Jouary Thomas , Saint-Jean Mélanie , Puyraveau Marc , Saiag Philippe , Aubin François
Published: July 2023

Background: The long-term effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) rechallenge for progressive or recurrent advanced melanoma following previous disease control induced by ICI has not been thoroughly described in the literature. Patients and methods: In this retrospective multicenter national real-life study, we enrolled patients who had been rechallenged with an ICI after achieving disease control with a first course of ICI, which was subsequently interrupted. The primary objective was to evaluate tumor response, while the secondary objectives included assessing the safety profile, identifying factors associated with tumor response, and evaluating survival outcomes. Results: A total of 85 patients from 12 centers were included in the study. These patients had advanced (unresectable stage III or stage IV) melanoma that had been previously treated and controlled with a first course of ICI before undergoing rechallenge with ICI. The rechallenge treatments consisted of pembrolizumab (n = 44, 52%), nivolumab (n = 35, 41%), ipilimumab (n = 2, 2%), or ipilimumab plus nivolumab (n = 4, 5%). The best overall response rate was 54%. The best response was a complete response in 30 patients (35%), a partial response in 16 patients (19%), stable disease in 18 patients (21%) and progressive disease in 21 patients (25%). Twenty-eight adverse events (AEs) were reported in 23 patients (27%), including 18 grade 1–2 AEs in 14 patients (16%) and 10 grade 3–4 AEs in nine patients (11%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 21 months, and the median overall survival (OS) was not reached at the time of analysis. Patients who received another systemic treatment (chemotherapy, targeted therapy or clinical trial) between the two courses of ICI had a lower response to rechallenge (p = 0.035) and shorter PFS (p = 0.016). Conclusion: Rechallenging advanced melanoma patients with ICI after previous disease control induced by these inhibitors resulted in high response rates (54%) and disease control (75%). Therefore, ICI rechallenge should be considered as a relevant therapeutic option.
Effect of Photocatalyst on Rheological Behavior and NO Degradation Capacity of Asphalt Binder
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Xinyu , Niu Dongyu , Niu Yanhui , Xia Huiyun , Wang Yue
Published: July 2023

To reduce vehicle exhaust gas pollution in transport-intensive roadways and tunnels, six types of photocatalytic asphalt binders were designed using graphite-phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and nanoscale titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) particles. In this paper, the rheological behaviors and fatigue life of the nano-TiO2-modified asphalt binder (TiO2-MA) and g-C3N4-modified asphalt binder (C3N4-MA) were investigated. NO degradation capacity of six types of photocatalytic asphalt binders was characterized under visible light conditions. The results showed that TiO2-MA had more excellent rheological behaviors and rutting resistance than C3N4-MA. In addition, 4 wt% nano-TiO2 markedly improved the rheological behaviors and rutting resistance of MA compared to other dosages. TiO2-MA exhibited higher fatigue resistance. The fatigue life of TiO2-MA with 4 wt% nano-TiO2 was increased to 234.1% at 2.5% strain and 242.5% at 5% strain, respectively, compared to base asphalt binder (BA). C3N4-MA had better NO degradation capacity than TiO2-MA. Meanwhile, the NO degradation efficiency of C3N4-MA reached 17.8% with 5 wt% g-C3N4.
Substitution of Secondary Propargylic Phosphates Using Aryl-Lithium-Based Copper Reagents
Authors: Kobayashi Yuichi , Hirotsu Takayuki , Haimoto Yosuke , Ogawa Narihito
Published: July 2023

The substitution of secondary propargylic phosphates ROP(O)(OEt)2 where R = [Ph(CH2)2]C(H)(C≡CTMS)] Ph(CH2)2CH(OP(O)(OEt)2)(C≡CTMS) with copper reagents derived from PhLi and copper salts such as CuCl, CuCN, and Cu(acac)2 was studied to establish an ArLi-based reagent system. Among the reagents prepared, PhLi/CuCl (2:1) showed 98% α regioselectivity (rs), while PhLi/Cu(acac)2 was γ selective (>99% rs). PhLi prepared in situ from PhI and PhBr by Li-halogen exchange with t-BuLi was also used for the α selective substitution. A study using the (S)-phosphate disclosed 99% enantiospecificity (es) and the inversion of the stereochemistry. The substitution of five phosphates with substituted aryl reagents produced the corresponding propargylic products with high rs and es values. Similar reactivity and selectivity were observed with 2-furyl and 2-thienyl reagents, which were prepared via direct lithiation with n-BuLi.
Research Progress on Metal Oxides for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with Ammonia
Authors: Wang Lanyi , Zhou Shengran , You Mengxia , Yu Di , Zhang Chunlei , Gao Siyu , Yu Xuehua , Zhao Zhen
Published: July 2023

Nitrogen oxides emitted from diesel vehicle exhaust seriously endanger the atmospheric environment and human health, which have attracted people’s attention. Among numerous nitrogen oxide (NOx) removal technologies, photocatalytic removal of NOx and SCR have received widespread attention. The photocatalytic treatment of NOx technology is a good choice due to its mild reaction conditions and low costs. Moreover, NH3-SCR has been widely used in denitration technology and plays an important role in controlling NOx emissions. In NH3-SCR technology, the development of high-efficiency catalysts is an important part. This paper summarizes the research progress of metal oxide catalysts for NH3-SCR reactions, including V-based catalysts, Mn-based catalysts, Fe-based catalysts, Ce-based catalysts, and Cu-based catalysts. Meanwhile, the detailed process of the NH3-SCR reaction was also introduced. In addition, this paper also describes a possible SO2 poisoning mechanism and the stability of the catalysts. Finally, the problems and prospects of metal oxide catalysts for NOx removal were also proposed.
Visible Light Photodegradation of Glyphosate and Methylene Blue using Defect-Modified Graphitic Carbon Nitride Decorated with Ag/TiO2
Authors: Aziz Khalid , Naz Asma , Manzoor Suryyia , Khan Muhammad Imran , Shanableh Abdallah , Fernandez Garcia Javier
Published: July 2023

The presence of various organic pollutants in surface and ground waters has raised serious environmental threats across the world. In the present work, the solvothermal process was applied to prepare a ternary composite of barium defect-modified graphitic carbon nitride (DM g. C3N4) decorated with silver and titanium oxide for the photocatalytic removal of dyes and pesticides in visible light. Methylene blue (MB) and glyphosate were targeted pollutants. Enhanced structural defects in the carbon nitride framework were reported and characterized by using FTIR, SEM, EDS, XRD, and UV/Visible spectroscopy. Various analytical techniques confirmed the proficient coating of titanium oxide and silver on the surface of DM g. C3N4. The photocatalytic efficiency of synthesized materials for the degradation of persistent organic pollutants and various parameters such as the effect of pH, catalytic dosage, the concentration of pollutant, reusability of the catalyst, etc., were estimated by using UV/Visible spectroscopy. Batch experiments were performed to estimate the degradation efficiency and other parameters by using an absorption study. A scavenger analysis confirmed hydroxyl radicals as the main reactive species for the degradation of various pollutants. The results confirm that the ternary composite of barium DM g. C3N4 showed an increased response in the visible region, greater stability, and excellent photocatalytic efficiency toward the degradation of the organic compounds. The results confirm that the maximum degradation of the said organic pollutants occurs in 105 min.
Indirect Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia and the Role of Fenofibrate as an Adjuvant to Phototherapy
Authors: Shabo Salam K. , Gargary Khalaf H. , Erdeve Omer
Published: July 2023

Background: One of the most prevalent illnesses in neonates that needs care and treatment is neonatal jaundice. Several drugs are used as pharmacological modalities for treating hyperbilirubinemia, like intravenous immunoglobulin, D-penicillamine, metalloporphyrin, phenobarbital, zinc sulfate and clofibrate. Previous studies suggest the usefulness of fenofibrate in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. Objectives: The study aims at assessing the effectiveness of oral fenofibrate in the treatment of indirect neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in full-term neonates. Method: This is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted at Heevi Pediatrics Teaching Hospital in Duhok, which is located in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It involved term infants who had jaundice. The neonates who were eligible for the study were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the intervention group or the control group. Both groups were treated with conventional phototherapy. Fenofibrate was administered in a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg to the participants in the intervention group. Throughout the entirety of the treatment, levels of total serum bilirubin were compared and contrasted between the two groups. Results: After 12 h of treatment, a statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.001) was seen in the serum bilirubin levels between the two groups. The difference in serum bilirubin levels became significantly progressively pronounced after 24, 48, and 72 h. The average time of discharge was 63.6 h for the intervention group and 90.9 h for the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: The time it takes to lower high bilirubin levels in neonates may be shortened by combining conventional phototherapy with a single oral dosage of 10 mg/kg fenofibrate. Consequently, these neonates will experience a shorter hospitalization and an accelerated discharge from the hospital.
HIV-Related Knowledge and Sexual Behaviors among Teenagers: Implications for Public Health Interventions
Authors: Liu Ruyu , Xu Ke , Zhang Xingliang , Cheng Feng , Gao Liangmin , Xu Junfang
Published: July 2023

Background: Teenagers are at a turning point in people’s physical and psychological maturity and are also in a critical period in reproductive and sexual health. It is reported that the initial age at first sexual behavior is younger than decades ago, which implies that the risky sexual behavior among teenagers may be on the rise. However, it is unclear about the changes of sexual knowledge and behaviors in recent years. Methods: Based on the national sentinel surveillance survey in 2011–2021 among students in Hangzhou, we selected out teenagers aged 10–19 years as our study sample. Demographic characteristics (gender, age, marital status, etc.), knowledge of HIV and sexual behaviors were collected. The sexual knowledge score and sexual behaviors were analyzed, and their influencing factors were explored. Results: In total, 1355 teenagers were incorporated in this study; the awareness rates of sexual knowledge in 2011, 2013, 2014 and 2021 were 74.9%, 71.8%, 89.3% and 95.8%, respectively, which showed an overall upward trend. The results of binary logistic regression showed that the survey year, whether students had received and participated in HIV-related publicity services and whether they had sexual behaviors, had a significant influence on whether the awareness rate ≥ 75%. The survey year and whether the awareness rate ≥ 75% had a significant influence on whether students had sexual behaviors. Conclusions: Both the average scores and awareness rates of teenagers’ sexual knowledge showed an overall upward trend from 2011 to 2021. Teenagers’ initial sexual behavior was at a low age, and the proportion of teenagers who had fixed, temporary and commercial heterosexual sex was still relatively high despite no significant increasing. Therefore, we should further strengthen health education on the risks of sexual behaviors from schools, families and health-related institutions to ensure teenagers receive HIV-related publicity services.
Correlation between Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) with D-Dimer and Interleukin-6 as Prognostic Markers of Coagulation and Inflammation in Long COVID-19 Survivors
Authors: Zaira Bena , Yulianti Trilis , Levita Jutti
Published: July 2023

In general, an individual who experiences the symptoms of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2 infection is declared as recovered after 2 weeks. However, approximately 10–20% of these survivors have been reported to encounter long-term health problems, defined as ‘long COVID-19’, e.g., blood coagulation which leads to stroke with an estimated incidence of 3%, and pulmonary embolism with 5% incidence. At the time of infection, the immune response produces pro-inflammatory cytokines that stimulate stromal cells to produce pro-hepatocyte growth factor (pro-HGF) and eventually is activated into hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which helps the coagulation process in endothelial and epithelial cells. HGF is a marker that appears as an inflammatory response that leads to coagulation. Currently, there is no information on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on serum HGF concentrations as a marker of the prognosis of coagulation in long COVID-19 survivors. This review discusses the pathophysiology between COVID-19 and HGF, IL-6, and D-dimer.