bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DSMC Prediction of Particle Behavior in Gas-Particle Two-Phase Impinging Streams
Authors: Du Min , Zhao Changsui , Zhou Bin , Hao Yingli
Published: November 2013

Devices with impinging streams have been employed in various fields of chemical engineering, as a means of intensifying heat and mass transfer processes. The particle behavior in gas-particle two-phase impinging streams (GPISs), which is of essential importance for the research of transfer processes, was simulated by an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach in this paper. Collisional interaction of particles was taken into account by means of a modified direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method based on a Lagrangian approach and the modified Nanbu method. A quantitative agreement was obtained between the predicted results and the experimental data in the literature. The particle motion behavior and the distributions of particle concentration and particle collision positions were presented reasonably. The results indicate that the particle distribution in GPIS can be divided into three zones: particle-collision zone, particle-jetting zone, and particle-scattering zone. Particle collisions occur mainly in the particle-collision zone, which obviously results in a few particles penetrating into the opposite stream. The interparticle collision rate and the particle concentration reach their maximum values in the particle-collision zone, respectively. The maximum value of the particle concentration increases with the increasing inlet particle concentration according to a logarithmic function. The interparticle collision rate is directly proportional to the square of local particle concentration.
Modeling the Formation Process of Grouping Stimuli Sets through Cortical Columns and Microcircuits to Feature Neurons
Authors: Klefenz Frank , Williamson Adam
Published: November 2013

A computational model of a self-structuring neuronal net is presented in which repetitively applied pattern sets induce the formation of cortical columns and microcircuits which decode distinct patterns after a learning phase. In a case study, it is demonstrated how specific neurons in a feature classifier layer become orientation selective if they receive bar patterns of different slopes from an input layer. The input layer is mapped and intertwined by self-evolving neuronal microcircuits to the feature classifier layer. In this topical overview, several models are discussed which indicate that the net formation converges in its functionality to a mathematical transform which maps the input pattern space to a feature representing output space. The self-learning of the mathematical transform is discussed and its implications are interpreted. Model assumptions are deduced which serve as a guide to apply model derived repetitive stimuli pattern sets toin vitrocultures of neuron ensembles to condition them to learn and execute a mathematical transform.
Optimization of Microextrusion Preforming Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Hsia Shao-Yi
Published: November 2013

Micropin head geometry significantly influences surface contact and electrical conductivity. In this paper, the preforming process of extrusion is investigated to establish it as a viable process for microforming. Here, the numerical simulations using DEFORM-3D software are used to examine the effect of preformance and pin shape on the extrusion of microbrass pins with a minimum diameter of 0.88 mm under several design parameters. These parameters are planned with the Taguchi method and help to discover better conditions for the minimum extrusion loads. For obtaining the required parameters to enable the finite element software, a compression test is first performed to determine the true stress and true strain curve of the materials. The result acquired from the experiment is compared with the simulation outcome and verified the accuracy. The consequences show that the optimal microextrusion forming conditions appear on stage rod length 0.015 mm, extruding angle 60°, upper front-end taper 60°, and bottom stage angle 60° to minimalize the forming load, and the dimensions of the deformed micropin reveal a good identification with the simulation. The study hence shows a potential tool for the combination of Taguchi method and finite element software to analyze the microforming process in the fastener industry.
Emerging Stem Cell Controls: Nanomaterials and Plasma Effects
Authors: Borghi F. F. , Rider A. E. , Kumar S. , Han Z. J. , Haylock D. , Ostrikov K.
Published: November 2013

Stem cells (SC) are among the most promising cell sources for tissue engineering due to their ability to self‐renew and differentiate, properties that underpin their clinical application in tissue regeneration. As such, control of SC fate is one of the most crucial issues that needs to be fully understood to realise their tremendous potential in regenerative biology. The use of functionalized nanostructured materials (NM) to control the microscale regulation of SC has offered a number of new features and opportunities for regulating SC. However, fabricating and modifying such NM to induce specific SC response still represent a significant scientific and technological challenge. Due to their versatility, plasmas are particularly attractive for the manufacturing and modification of tailored nanostructured surfaces for stem cell control. In this review, we briefly describe the biological role of SC and the mechanisms by which they are controlled and then highlight the benefits of using a range of nanomaterials to control the fate of SC. We then discuss how plasma nanoscience research can help produce/functionalise these NMs for more effective and specific interaction with SCs. The review concludes with a perspective on the advantages and challenges of research at the intersection between plasma physics, materials science, nanoscience, and SC biology.
Kinetics of Molybdenum Reduction to Molybdenum Blue byBacillussp. Strain A.rzi
Authors: Othman A. R. , Bakar N. A. , Halmi M. I. E. , Johari W. L. W. , Ahmad S. A. , Jirangon H. , Syed M. A. , Shukor M. Y.
Published: November 2013

Molybdenum is very toxic to agricultural animals. Mo-reducing bacterium can be used to immobilize soluble molybdenum to insoluble forms, reducing its toxicity in the process. In this work the isolation of a novel molybdate-reducing Gram positive bacterium tentatively identified asBacillussp. strain A.rzi from a metal-contaminated soil is reported. The cellular reduction of molybdate to molybdenum blue occurred optimally at 4 mM phosphate, using 1% (w/v) glucose, 50 mM molybdate, between 28 and 30°C and at pH 7.3. The spectrum of the Mo-blue product showed a maximum peak at 865 nm and a shoulder at 700 nm. Inhibitors of bacterial electron transport system (ETS) such as rotenone, sodium azide, antimycin A, and potassium cyanide could not inhibit the molybdenum-reducing activity. At 0.1 mM, mercury, copper, cadmium, arsenic, lead, chromium, cobalt, and zinc showed strong inhibition on molybdate reduction by crude enzyme. The best model that fitted the experimental data well was Luong followed by Haldane and Monod. The calculated value for Luong’s constantspmax,Ks,Sm, andnwas 5.88 μmole Mo-blue hr−1, 70.36 mM, 108.22 mM, and 0.74, respectively. The characteristics of this bacterium make it an ideal tool for bioremediation of molybdenum pollution.
Laryngeal Mask Airway Does Not Reduce Postoperative Nasal Bleeding Outside the Operation Room after Intranasal Surgery
Authors: Zhang Xuyu , Feng Xia , Wu Xiaodan , Liu Zimeng , Zhang Hufei , Liu Xinhe
Published: November 2013

Background. The aim of this study was to detect the effect of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) versus the endotracheal tube (ETT) on postoperative nasal bleedings in and outside the operation room (OR) after intranasal surgery. Methods. 134 patients undergoing elective intranasal surgeries were randomly allocated to receive LMA or ETT during general anesthesia. The incidence, episodes, and severity of nasal bleeding were evaluated in the OR and within the postoperative 24 hours in the ward. Furthermore, medical assistance and severe complications were assessed. Results. The overall incidence of postoperative nasal bleeding throughout the observation period was similar between the two groups. The LMA reduced nasal bleeding in the OR. However, outside the OR, the incidence of the first episode of postoperative nasal bleeding in the LMA group was higher than that in the ETT group (difference: −26.5%; 95% CI: −42.2% to −10.7%; P < 0.001). In the LMA group, more patients needed medical assistance (P = 0.029), and the number of assistance was also higher (P = 0.027) in the ward. No severe complications occurred during the observation period. Conclusion. The LMA does not alleviate nasal bleeding conditions and even increases the demands of medical service outside the OR after intranasal surgery, although it reduces epistaxis during extubation.
A Start-Up Demonstration Test Involving Distant Failures
Authors: Gera Amos E.
Published: November 2013

A new procedure for determining the acceptance or rejection of a system that undergoes a start-up demonstration set of tests is presented. It is a generalization of the recently introduced CSDF model (consecutive successes distant failures). According to the new total successes consecutive successes total failures distant failures (TSCSTFDF) procedure, a unit is accepted when either a total number of successful tests or a specified number of consecutive successes are observed before a total number of failures or the occurrence of near failures which are too close to each other. The practical advantage of this new procedure is the significant reduction in the expected number of required tests together with improved second-order statistics (standard deviation).
An Empirical Study on Ad Hoc Performance of DSRC and Wi-Fi Vehicular Communications
Authors: Lee Seungbae , Lim Alvin
Published: November 2013

The primary motivation for developing vehicular safety applications is to provide information and assistance required to avoid collisions. Such applications depend on performance of vehicular communications which have critical requirements for various operating scenarios. However, there is still a lack of practical performance measurement data in the open literature that can be used to design robust and reliable applications for vehicle safety. This paper provides an overview of the current standards for vehicular communications and requirements for vehicular applications and analyzes ad hoc performance of commercial off-the-shelf DSRC and Wi-Fi radios in real vehicular environments. Also, it identifies important effects of messages size, message frequency, weather condition, and vehicle mobility on vehicular communications. For example, rainy weather significantly diminishes the communication range and vehicle mobility causes temporal variations in communication throughput. With a better comprehensive understanding of these effects on performance and reliability, quality of vehicular applications can be significantly improved.
Truncated Life Test Plans for Economic Reliability Based on Four-Parametric Burr Distribution
Authors: Balan Ramkumar , Kunjunni Sajana
Published: November 2013

Burr distribution is considered as a probability model for the lifetime of products. Reliability test plans are those sampling plans in which items from a lot are put to test to make conclusions on the estimate of life, and hence acceptance or rejection of the submitted lot is done. A test plan designs the termination time of the experiment and the termination number for a given sample size and producer’s risk. Tables and graphs were provided for certain specific values of designs, and it is useful to verify the optimum reliability test plan realized by Burr distributions.
Research on Conflict Decision between Shift Schedule and Multienergy Management for PHEV with Automatic Mechanical Transmission under Special Driving Cycles
Authors: Xi JunQiang , Chen Yongdan
Published: November 2013

In order to satisfy the character of parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) in some special driving cycles, a collision decision problem between the shift decision and power split ratio is proposed. Based on a large amount of experimental data the optimal decisions are determined with evidential reasoning theory. The proposed decision strategy has been verified through real road test of Chongqing public transportation line 818 and the fuel economic improvement has also been achieved.
A Two‐Level Cache for Distributed Information Retrieval in Search Engines
Authors: Zhang Weizhe , He Hui , Ye Jianwei
Published: November 2013

To improve the performance of distributed information retrieval in search engines, we propose a two‐level cache structure based on the queries of the users’ logs. We extract the highest rank queries of users from the static cache, in which the queries are the most popular. We adopt the dynamic cache as an auxiliary to optimize the distribution of the cache data. We propose a distribution strategy of the cache data. The experiments prove that the hit rate, the efficiency, and the time consumption of the two‐level cache have advantages compared with other structures of cache.
Multivariate Likelihood Ratio Order for Skew-Symmetric Distributions with a Common Kernel
Authors: Hürlimann Werner
Published: November 2013

The multivariate likelihood ratio order comparison of skew-symmetric distributions with a common kernel is considered. Two multivariate likelihood ratio perturbation invariance properties are derived.
Extra-Articular Lateral Tenodesis for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficient Knee: A Case Report
Authors: García-Germán Diego , Menéndez Pablo , González Samuel , de la Cuadra Pablo , Rodríguez-Arozena Ricardo
Published: November 2013

We present the case of an extra-articular lateral tenodesis for an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knee. A 46-year-old male patient sustained an ACL graft rupture after a motorcycle accident. He complained of rotational instability and giving-way episodes. His previous graft was fixed by an intra-articular femoral staple that was not possible to remove at the time of the ACL revision. A modified Lemaire procedure was then performed. He gained rotational stability and was able to resume his sporting activities. We believe that isolated extra-articular reconstructions may still have a role in selected indications including moderate-demand patients complaining of rotational instability after ACL graft failure.
Delay-Dependent RobustH∞Filtering of the Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Stochastic Systems
Authors: Li Ze , Yang Xin-Hao
Published: November 2013

This paper is concerned with the problem of the robustH∞filtering for the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy stochastic systems with bounded parameter uncertainties. For a given T-S fuzzy stochastic system, this paper focuses on the stochastically mean-square stability of the filtering error system and theH∞performance level of the output error and the disturbance input. The design method for delay-dependent filter is developed based on linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methods is substantiated with an illustrative example.
Study of a Newtonian Fluid through Circular Channels with Slip Boundary Taking into Account Electrokinetic Effect
Authors: Sun Qian , Wu Yonghong , Liu Lishan , Wiwatanapataphee B.
Published: November 2013

We study the slip flow of fluids driven by the combined effect of electrical force and pressure gradient. The underlying boundary value problem is solved through the use of Fourier series expansion in time and Bessel function in space. The exact solutions and numerical investigations show that the slip length and electrical field parameters have significant effects on the velocity profile. By varying these system parameters, one can achieve smooth velocity profiles or wave form profiles with different wave amplitude and frequency. This opens the way for optimizing the flow by choosing the slip length, the electrical field, and electrolyte solutions.
A Conjugate Gradient Method with Global Convergence for Large-Scale Unconstrained Optimization Problems
Authors: Yao Shengwei , Lu Xiwen , Wei Zengxin
Published: November 2013

The conjugate gradient (CG) method has played a special role in solving large-scale nonlinear optimization problems due to the simplicity of their very low memory requirements. This paper proposes a conjugate gradient method which is similar to Dai-Liao conjugate gradient method (Dai and Liao, 2001) but has stronger convergence properties. The given method possesses the sufficient descent condition, and is globally convergent under strong Wolfe-Powell (SWP) line search for general function. Our numerical results show that the proposed method is very efficient for the test problems.
The Effect of Apigenin on Pharmacokinetics of Imatinib and Its Metabolite N-Desmethyl Imatinib in Rats
Authors: Liu Xian-yun , Xu Tao , Li Wan-shu , Luo Jun , Geng Pei-wu , Wang Li , Xia Meng-ming , Chen Meng-chun , Yu Lei , Hu Guo-xin
Published: November 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of apigenin on the pharmacokinetics of imatinib and N-desmethyl imatinib in rats. Healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: A group (the control group), B group (the long-term administration of 165 mg/kg apigenin for 15 days), C group (a single dose of 165 mg/kg apigenin), and D group (a single dose of 252 mg/kg apigenin). The serum concentrations of imatinib and N-desmethyl imatinib were measured by HPLC, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS 3.0 software. The parameters ofAUC(0-t),AUC(0−∞),Tmax,Vz/F, andCLz/Ffor imatinib in group B were different from those in group A (P<0.05). Besides,MRT(0−t)andMRT(0−∞)in groups C and D differed distinctly from those in group A as well. The parameters ofAUC(0-t)andCmaxfor N-desmethyl imatinib in group C were significantly lower than those in group A (P<0.05); however, compared with groups B and D, the magnitude of effect was modest. Those results indicated that apigenin in the short-term study inhibited the metabolism of imatinib and its metabolite N-desmethyl imatinib, while in the long-term study the metabolism could be accelerated.
Some Upper Matrix Bounds for the Solution of the Continuous Algebraic Riccati Matrix Equation
Authors: Ulukök Zübeyde , Türkmen Ramazan
Published: November 2013

We propose diverse upper bounds for the solution matrix of the continuous algebraic Riccati matrix equation (CARE) by building the equivalent form of the CARE and using some matrix inequalities and linear algebraic techniques. Finally, numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results in this work as compared with some existing results in the literature. These new bounds are less restrictive and provide more efficient results in some cases.
Damage Accumulation in Cyclically‐Loaded Glass‐Ceramic Matrix Composites Monitored by Acoustic Emission
Authors: Aggelis D. G. , Dassios K. G. , Kordatos E. Z. , Matikas T. E.
Published: November 2013

Barium osumilite (BMAS) ceramic matrix composites reinforced with SiC‐Tyranno fibers are tested in a cyclic loading protocol. Broadband acoustic emission (AE) sensors are used for monitoring the occurrence of different possible damage mechanisms. Improved use of AE indices is proposed by excluding low‐severity signals based on waveform parameters, rather than only threshold criteria. The application of such improvements enhances the accuracy of the indices as accumulated damage descriptors. RA‐value, duration, and signal energy follow the extension cycles indicating moments of maximum or minimum strain, while the frequency content of the AE signals proves very sensitive to the pull‐out mechanism.
Chondrolysis of the Ankle Joint following Ankle Arthroscopy and Microfracture of the Osteochondral Lesion of the Talar Dome
Authors: Choi Tsz Lung , Lui Tun Hing
Published: November 2013

Chondrolysis of the ankle is a very rare condition. We report a case of chondrolysis of the ankle following ankle arthroscopy and microfracture of the osteochondral lesion of the talar dome. The patient’s symptoms were relieved after articulated distraction arthroplasty.
Adventitious Bursitis Overlying an Osteochondroma of the Humerus Facing the Thoracic Wall
Authors: Maras Ozdemır Zeynep , Karakaplan Mustafa , Kahraman Aysegul Sagir , Karadag Nese
Published: November 2013

One of the complications of osteochondromas is the development of a bursa over the cartilaginous cap. We report a 15-year-old boy with a rapidly expanded adventitious bursitis overlying an osteochondroma of the humerus facing the thoracic wall, a location not previously reported for such bursa formation. Magnetic resonance imaging readily showed adventitious bursitis overlying the osteochondroma, thereby dispelling concerns for malignant transformation.
p53-Induced miR-15a/16-1 and AP4 Form a Double-Negative Feedback Loop to Regulate Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Shi Lei , Jackstadt Rene , Siemens Helge , Li Huihui , Kirchner Thomas , Hermeking Heiko
Published: November 2013

The transcription factor AP4 mediates epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer but its control in this setting is not fully understood. Here, we report the definition of a double-negative feedback loop involving AP4 and miR-15a/16-1 that regulates EMT and metastatic progression. In colorectal cancer cells, AP4 was downregulated by DNA damage in a p53-dependent manner. AP4 downregulation by p53 was mediated indirectly by the tumor-suppressive microRNAs miR-15a and miR-16-1, which targeted the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of AP4 mRNA, induced mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET), and inhibited colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion. The downregulation of AP4 was necessary for induction of MET and cell cycle arrest by miR-15a/16-1. In tumor xenoplants, ectopic miR-15a/16-1 suppressed formation of lung metastases. Furthermore, AP4 directly suppressed expression of miR-15a/16-1. In clinical specimens of colorectal cancer, miR-15a levels inversely correlated with AP4 protein levels shown previously to correlate with distant metastasis and poor survival. In summary, our results define a double-negative feedback loop involving miR-15a/16-1 and AP4 that stabilizes epithelial and mesenchymal states, respectively, which may determine metastatic prowess. Cancer Res; 74(2); 532–42. ©2013 AACR.
Do Women Live Longer or Do Men Die Earlier? Reflections on the Causes of Sex Differences in Life Expectancy
Authors: Luy Marc , Gast Katrin
Published: November 2013

Background: Although many different factors have been identified to contribute to excess male mortality, it is still unclear which path of the complex cause-effect chain is the decisive driver of the life expectancy gap between women and men. Objective: The question behind this study is whether these sex differences are caused primarily by factors leading to low female mortality or rather by factors causing high male mortality. We hypothesise that they are to a large extent caused by specific subpopulations of men with particularly high mortality levels that decrease the average life expectancy of men. Methods: To test this hypothesis, we investigate in a meta-analysis the variability in mortality (VM) in women and men - defined as the range of death rates prevailing among subpopulations - in empirical studies analysing specific phenomena of mortality differentials. We used the data of 72 empirical studies, including 146 total effects (TE) and 1,718 single effects (SE) for 21 different risk factors. Results: In 85% of TE and three quarters of SE the VM was higher in men than in women, taking into account men's higher overall mortality. The corresponding figures for the direct differences in the VM between women and men are 92 and 82%, respectively. Cases with higher female VM are rare exceptions and appear in particular in the highest age groups. Conclusions: We find support for our hypothesis that the disproportionate high mortality levels of specific male subpopulations are the central cause of the current extent of sex differences in life expectancy. Thus, public health programmes should be targeted toward these disadvantaged subpopulations among men which seem to be related primarily to socioeconomic characteristics.
Karyological Characterization of the Endemic Iberian Rock Lizard, Iberolacerta monticola (Squamata, Lacertidae): Insights into Sex Chromosome Evolution
Authors: Rojo V. , Giovannotti M. , Naveira H. , Nisi Cerioni P. , González-Tizón A.M. , Caputo Barucchi V. , Galán P. , Olmo E. , Martínez-Lage A.
Published: November 2013

Rock lizards of the genus Iberolacerta constitute a promising model to examine the process of sex chromosome evolution, as these closely related taxa exhibit remarkable diversity in the degree of sex chromosome differentiation with no clear phylogenetic segregation, ranging from cryptic to highly heteromorphic ZW chromosomes and even multiple chromosome systems (Z1Z1Z2Z2/Z1Z2W). To gain a deeper insight into the patterns of karyotype and sex chromosome evolution, we performed a cytogenetic analysis based on conventional staining, banding techniques and fluorescence in situ hybridization in the species I. monticola, for which previous cytogenetic investigations did not detect differentiated sex chromosomes. The karyotype is composed of 2n = 36 acrocentric chromosomes. NORs and the major ribosomal genes were located in the subtelomeric region of chromosome pair 6. Hybridization signals of the telomeric sequences (TTAGGG)n were visualized at the telomeres of all chromosomes and interstitially in 5 chromosome pairs. C-banding showed constitutive heterochromatin at the centromeres of all chromosomes, as well as clear pericentromeric and light telomeric C-bands in several chromosome pairs. These results highlight some chromosomal markers which can be useful to identify species-specific diagnostic characters, although they may not accurately reflect the phylogenetic relationships among the taxa. In addition, C-banding revealed the presence of a heteromorphic ZW sex chromosome pair, where W is smaller than Z and almost completely heterochromatic. This finding sheds light on sex chromosome evolution in the genus Iberolacerta and suggests that further comparative cytogenetic analyses are needed to understand the processes underlying the origin, differentiation and plasticity of sex chromosome systems in lacertid lizards.
The State of RT-Quantitative PCR: Firsthand Observations of Implementation of Minimum Information for the Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE)
Authors: Taylor Sean C. , Mrkusich Eli M.
Published: November 2013

In the past decade, the techniques of quantitative PCR (qPCR) and reverse transcription (RT)-qPCR have become accessible to virtually all research labs, producing valuable data for peer-reviewed publications and supporting exciting research conclusions. However, the experimental design and validation processes applied to the associated projects are the result of historical biases adopted by individual labs that have evolved and changed since the inception of the techniques and associated technologies. This has resulted in wide variability in the quality, reproducibility and interpretability of published data as a direct result of how each lab has designed their RT-qPCR experiments. The ‘minimum information for the publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments' (MIQE) was published to provide the scientific community with a consistent workflow and key considerations to perform qPCR experiments. We use specific examples to highlight the serious negative ramifications for data quality when the MIQE guidelines are not applied and include a summary of good and poor practices for RT-qPCR.
The comparison of thrombocytosis and platelet-lymphocyte ratio as potential prognostic markers in colorectal cancer
Authors: Krzystanek Marcin , Jósa Valéria , Dede Kristóf , Ágoston Emese , Szász Marcell , Sinkó Dániel , Szarvas Viktor , Salamon Ferenc , Eklund Aron Charles , Szállási Zoltán , Jakab Ferenc , Baranyai Zsolt
Published: November 2013

The aim of the present study was to analyse the preoperative platelet count and the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) of different stages and with hepatic metastasis of CRC (mCRC) and to compare these factors as potential prognostic markers. Clinicopathological data of 10 years were collected retrospectively from 336 patients with CRC and 118 patients with mCRC. Both in the CRC and the mCRC group overall survival (OS) was significantly worse in patients who had elevated platelet count (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.2, p < 0.001 and HR = 2.9, p = 0.018, respectively). Multivariate analysis indicated that elevated platelet count was an independent prognostic factor of CRC (HR = 1.7, p = 0.035) and mCRC (HR = 3.1, p = 0.017). Disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly worse in patients with elevated platelet count in the CRC group (HR = 2.0, p = 0.011). In the multivariate analysis the PLR was not a prognostic factor in either of the two cohorts (HR = 0.92, p < 0.001 and HR = 0.89, p = 0.789, respectively). The platelet count is a valuable prognostic marker for the survival in patients both with CRC and mCRC while the PLR is not prognostic in either group.
G-Protein–Coupled Receptor 91 and Succinate Are Key Contributors in Neonatal Postcerebral Hypoxia-Ischemia Recovery
Authors: Hamel David , Sanchez Melanie , Duhamel François , Roy Olivier , Honoré Jean-Claude , Noueihed Baraa , Zhou Tianwei , Nadeau-Vallée Mathieu , Hou Xin , Lavoie Jean-Claude , Mitchell Grant , Mamer Orval A. , Chemtob Sylvain
Published: November 2013

Objective—

Prompt post–hypoxia-ischemia (HI) revascularization has been suggested to improve outcome in adults and newborn subjects. Other than hypoxia-inducible factor, sensors of metabolic demand remain largely unknown. During HI, anaerobic respiration is arrested resulting in accumulation of carbohydrate metabolic intermediates. As such succinate readily increases, exerting its biological effects via a specific receptor, G-protein–coupled receptor (GPR) 91. We postulate that succinate/GPR91 enhances post-HI vascularization and reduces infarct size in a model of newborn HI brain injury.

Approach and Results—

The Rice–Vannucci model of neonatal HI was used. Succinate was measured by mass spectrometry, and microvascular density was evaluated by quantification of lectin-stained cryosection. Gene expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Succinate levels rapidly increased in the penumbral region of brain infarcts. GPR91 was foremost localized not only in neurons but also in astrocytes. Microvascular density increased at 96 hours after injury in wild-type animals; it was diminished in GPR91-null mice leading to an increased infarct size. Stimulation with succinate led to an increase in growth factors implicated in angiogenesis only in wild-type mice. To explain the mode of action of succinate/GPR91, we investigated the role of prostaglandin E
2
–prostaglandin E receptor 4, previously proposed in neural angiogenesis. Succinate-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression was abrogated by a cyclooxygenase inhibitor and a selective prostaglandin E receptor 4 antagonist. This antagonist also abolished succinate-induced neovascularization.

Conclusions—

We uncover a dominant metabolic sensor responsible for post-HI neurovascular adaptation, notably succinate/GPR91, acting via prostaglandin E
2
–prostaglandin E receptor 4 to govern expression of major angiogenic factors. We propose that pharmacological intervention targeting GPR91 could improve post-HI brain recovery.
Novel Tubulin Antagonist Pretubulysin Displays Antivascular Properties In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Kretzschmann Verena K. , Gellrich Donata , Ullrich Angelika , Zahler Stefan , Vollmar Angelika M. , Kazmaier Uli , Fürst Robert
Published: November 2013

Objective—

Pretubulysin (PT) is a novel, synthetically accessible myxobacterial compound that acts as a tubulin-depolymerizing agent and inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, PT was found to attenuate tumor angiogenesis. Here, we hypothesized that PT could exert antivascular activities on existing tumor vessels.

Approach and Results—

We aimed to characterize the antivascular effects of PT and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms in endothelial cells. In vitro, PT rapidly induced endothelial hyperpermeability and a concentration-dependent disassembly of established endothelial tubes on Matrigel and in an ex vivo aortic ring model. It disrupted endothelial cell junctions and triggered F-actin stress fiber formation and cell contraction by the RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase pathway without causing cell death. In vivo, using a hamster dorsal skinfold chamber preparation, PT significantly decreased blood flow and vessel diameter in hamster A-Mel-3 amelanotic melanoma tumors but not in the neighboring healthy tissue. In a second tumor model using mice with subcutaneous murine B16 melanoma tumors, a single dose of PT (10 mg/kg) caused a shut down of tumor blood flow and a strong central tumor cell necrosis within 24 hours. Repeated PT administration significantly decelerates tumor growth and seems to be well tolerated.

Conclusions—

In summary, we could show for the first time that the antitumor effect of PT is, at least in part, mediated via its antivascular activities on existing tumor vessels.
Prognostic Effect of High-Sensitive Troponin T Assessment in Elderly Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Gravning Jørgen , Askevold Erik T. , Nymo Ståle H. , Ueland Thor , Wikstrand John , McMurray John J.V. , Aukrust Pål , Gullestad Lars , Kjekshus John
Published: November 2013

Background—

The incremental prognostic value of high-sensitive troponin T (hs-cTnT) in heart failure (HF) beyond that of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and amino-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide is debated. We examined the prognostic value of hs-cTnT in a subgroup of patients from the Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Trial in HF (CORONA) study.

Methods and Results—

Hs-cTnT as a risk factor for the primary end point (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke; n=356), as well as all-cause mortality (n=366), cardiovascular mortality (n=299), and the composite of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization from worsening of HF (n=465), was investigated in 1245 patients (≥60 years; New York Heart Association [NYHA] class II–IV, ischemic systolic HF) randomly assigned to 10 mg rosuvastatin or placebo. In multivariable analyses, adjusting for left ventricular ejection fraction, NYHA class, age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, sex, intermittent claudication, heart rate, estimated glomerular filtration rate, apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-1 ratio, amino-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and hs-cTnT (both dichotomized according to the 99th percentile and as a continuous variable) was associated with all end points (primary end point: hazard ratio, 1.87 and 1.51, respectively, per SD change;
P
<0.001; all other end points: hazard ratio, 1.39–1.70). However, improved discrimination as assessed by C-statistics was only seen for the primary end point and all-cause mortality.

Conclusions—

Elevated hs-cTnT levels provide strong and independent prognostic information in older patients with chronic ischemic HF.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00206310.
Safety of Percutaneous Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure: An Unselected Multicenter Population Experience
Authors: El‐Said Howaida G. , Bratincsak Andras , Foerster Susan R. , Murphy Joshua J. , Vincent Julie , Holzer Ralf , Porras Diego , Moore John , Bergersen Lisa
Published: November 2013

Background

The technique and safety of transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus (
PDA
) closure have evolved during the past 20 years. We sought to report a multicenter experience of
PDA
closure with a focus on the rate of adverse events (
AE
) and a review of institutional practice differences.

Methods and Results

Outcome data on transcatheter
PDA
closure were collected at 8 centers prospectively using a multicenter registry (Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Project on Outcome Registry). Between February 2007 and June 2010, 496
PDA
closures were recorded using a device in 338 (68%) or coils in 158 (32%). Most patients had an isolated
PDA
(90%). Fifty percent of patients were between 6 months and 3 years old, with only 40 patients (8%) <6 months old. Median minimum
PDA
diameter was 2.5 mm (range 1 to 12 mm;
IQR
2 to 3 mm) for device closure and 1 mm (range 0.5 to 6 mm;
IQR
1 to 2 mm) for coil closure (
P
<0.001). A device rather than coil was used in patients <3 years, weight <11 kg, and with a
PDA
minimum diameter >2 mm (all
P
<0.001). Three of 8 centers exclusively used a device for
PDA
s with a diameter >1.5 mm. In 9% of cases (n=46), an
AE
occurred; however, only 11 (2%) were classified as high severity. Younger age was associated with a higher
AE
rate. Coil‐related
AE
s were more common than device‐related
AE
s (10% versus 2%,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

PDA
closure in the present era has a very low rate of complications, although these are higher in younger children. Technical intervention‐related events were more common in coil procedures compared with device procedures. For
PDA
s ≤2.5 mm in diameter, institutional differences in preference for device versus coil exist.
Using various lines of evidence to identify Chironomus species (Diptera: Chironomidae) in eastern Canadian lakes
Authors: PROULX ISABELLE , MARTIN JON , CAREW MELISSA , HARE LANDIS
Published: November 2013

Chironomus Meigen (Diptera, Chironomidae) larvae are usually the largest sediment-burrowing chironomids, and as such often constitute a major part of the freshwater infaunal biomass. However, use of this genus in ecological, environmental and paleoecological studies is hampered by the fact that Chironomus larvae are difficult to identify to species because the larvae of many species are morphologically similar. We used a combination of morphological, cytological and genetic techniques to distinguish Chironomus larvae collected from 31 water bodies located in eastern Canada, producing 17 distinguishable groupings. These groups of larvae were ultimately identified as belonging to 14 known species (C. anthracinus, C. bifurcatus, C. cucini, C. decorus-group sp. 2, C. dilutus, C. entis, C. frommeri, C. harpi, C. maturus, C. nr. atroviridis (sp. 2i), C. ochreatus, C. plumosus, C. staegeri and C. ‘tigris’) and three other species that remain unidentified (C. sp. NAI-III). No single approach served to delimit and identify larvae of all 17 Chironomus species that we collected. Although we expected that morphological criteria alone would be insufficient, our results suggest that DNA barcoding, using either the mitochondrial cox1 or the nuclear gb2β gene, was also inadequate for separating some Chironomus species. Thus we suggest that multiple approaches will often be needed to correctly identify Chironomus larvae to species.
Review of the genus Anasta Emeljanov (Hemiptera: Dictyopharidae: Hastini) from the Australasian region
Authors: SONG ZHI-SHUN , LIANG AI-PING
Published: November 2013

The dictyopharid planthopper genus Anasta Emeljanov from the Australasian region is revised to include six species including a new one: A. australiaca (Lallemand, 1935) comb. nov. (North Australia), A. lobosa sp. nov. (Papua New Guinea), A. minuta (Lallemand, 1935) comb. nov. (Timor, Indonesia), A. prognatha (Distant, 1906) (North Australia, Papua New Guinea), A. timorina (Lallemand, 1935) (Timor, Indonesia), and A. vitiensis Emeljanov et Wilson, 2009 (Fiji). Descriptions or redescriptions of A. australiaca, A. lobosa sp. nov., and A. prognatha are provided together with dorsal habitus and structural illustrations of male genitalia. A key to the species of the genus and distribution map are provided. The biogeography of the genus is discussed.
Emotional entrainment, national symbols, and identification: A naturalistic study around the men’s football World Cup
Authors: von Scheve Christian , Beyer Manuela , Ismer Sven , Kozłowska Marta , Morawetz Carmen
Published: November 2013

Some theories suggest that collective emotions, in particular emotional entrainment as the feeling of affective attunement with others during rituals, can increase the identification with a social group. Furthermore, emotional entrainment is supposed to emotionally ‘charge’ group symbols that are part of ritual practices and influence group-related attitudes and solidarity even beyond the ritual context. This article tests these assumptions in a naturalistic study around the 2010 Football World Cup, which reliably generates emotional entrainment in a ritualized, nation-focused context. Results indicate that emotional entrainment during the tournament is a predictor of changes in national identification and the perceived emotional significance of national symbols after the tournament. Moreover, emotional entrainment partially mediates the relationship between pre- and post-World Cup national identification and the perception of national symbols.
Immigration, generational status and health literacy in Canada
Authors: Ng Edward , Omariba D Walter R
Published: November 2013

Background:

Immigrants, a fast-growing population in Canada, score below the national average in health literacy, but the reasons behind the low scores are largely unknown. Also, there is a need to understand the long-term impact of immigration by examining health literacy by generational status.

Objective:

To examine health literacy differentials in Canada, comparing immigrants and non-immigrants; as well as immigrant sub-groups by their region of origin, recency of arrival and generational status.

Methods:

A cross-sectional multi-stage representative sample of 22,818 respondents from the Canadian component of the 2003 International Adult Literacy and Skills survey. Data were collected in the home of each respondent. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression in this study.

Results:

Fewer immigrants (24%) than non-immigrants (44%) had the requisite health literacy level. After controlling for selected factors, health literacy was still significantly lower for immigrants compared to non-immigrants (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.37 – 0.70). For the immigrant sub-groups and by generations, initial differences that were observed, disappeared after controlling for selected factors. Overall, health literacy was associated with economic, education, and literacy-related factors, but the association with literacy practices at home and at work was stronger for the immigrants than the non-immigrants.

Conclusion:

Education and literacy practices at home and at work are important determinants of the population’s health literacy; however, education is more likely to be associated with acquisition, while literacy practices are more likely associated with maintenance of health literacy. This adds to our understanding of the factors associated with health literacy, by immigrant and generational status, and shows how different segments of the population in Canada process health information.
Book Review: Heterotopias: Nationalism and the Possibility of History in South Asia
Authors: Govind Rahul
Published: November 2013

MANU BHAGAVAN, ed., Heterotopias: Nationalism and the Possibility of History in South Asia, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2010, pp. 203.
Book Review: Theorizing the Present: Essays for Partha Chatterjee
Authors: Kumar Nita
Published: November 2013

ANJAN GHOSH, TAPATI GUHA-THAKURTA AND JANAKI NAIR, eds, Theorizing the Present: Essays for Partha Chatterjee, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2011, pp. 322.
Book Review: Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography
Authors: Farooqui Amar
Published: November 2013

SARVEPALLI GOPAL, Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, second impression, 2012, 3 volumes, pp. 398+346+336.
Confronting the Problem of Increasing Partisan Politics in the District Assemblies System in Ghana
Authors: Nyendu Morgan
Published: November 2013

This article examines calls for the introduction of partisan politics into the District Assemblies system, which is the core institution in Ghana’s democratic decentralization program. I argue that in spite of constitutional provisions and an enabling legislation on the need for a ‘politically neutral’ District Assemblies system, this has not been the case, ironically partly due to the composition of the membership of the Assemblies as provided for in the 1992 Constitution and the unnecessary interferences by governments. This situation, the article notes, has undermined the effectiveness of the District Assemblies system. The article concludes by recommending certain measures that must be put in place if the situation is to be arrested and ensure the attainment of the goals of the District Assemblies system.
Anisotropic elasto-viscoplastic damage model for glass-fiber-reinforced polyurethane foam
Authors: Lee Chi-Seung , Lee Jae-Myung
Published: November 2013

The aim of the present study was to propose a unified anisotropic elasto-viscoplastic damage model and computational analysis method for predicting the damage growth and material behavior of initially anisotropic glass-fiber-reinforced polyurethane foam (RPUF). A plasticity damage mechanism-based mechanical model with no yield surface is introduced. To consider the microcrack closure effect according to different loading directions, two types of elasto-viscoplastic damage models were developed. The developed models were transformed into the implicit form and implemented in an ABAQUS user-defined material subroutine for the application of finite elements. Finally, the simulation results were compared with a series of tensile and compressive test results on RPUF to validate the proposed model and computation.
Stress analysis in carbon/epoxy composites using Lcr waves
Authors: dos Santos Auteliano Antunes , Ambiel Leandro Bannwart , Garcia Rafael Henrique , Rodovalho Tainá Gomes
Published: November 2013

This work presents the application of an ultrasonic method to measure stresses in unidirectional carbon fiber composites with epoxy matrix (HexTow® AS4/Hexply® 8552). This kind of composite is largely employed as a structural material in the aeronautical industry. The ultrasonic method is based on the acoustoelastic principle, a principle that holds that wave speed is affected by variations in strain in the material. We employ critically refracted longitudinal waves (Lcr waves) and relate their time-of-flight with applied strains and stresses. We first performed tests on a polygonal specimen evaluating the influencing factors on the results, that is, temperature and transducer positions, as well as their effects on each fiber direction: 0°, 45°, and 90°. Tensile tests were next performed on rectangular specimens, as we sought, for each fiber direction, the relation between stress and wave speed variation, otherwise known as the acoustoelastic coefficient. The results showed that the wave speed was sensitive to the stress variation along the fiber direction (0°) and nearly insensitive to any other direction. Also, temperature (between 20℃ and 27℃) was not a relevant factor for waves propagating along the fiber. These findings support the notion that the method holds promise as an alternative to measuring stresses in multidirectional composite materials.