bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La participación activa del alumno en el estudio de la matemática financiera a través del uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Un análisis de su impacto en el rendimiento académico
Authors: De la Fuente Sánchez Damián , Hernández Solís Montserrat , Valls Martínez María del Carmen
Published: April 2020

El video educativo es una herramienta pedagógica muy utilizada en las metodologías de aprendizaje de todos los niveles educativos. En la actualidad lo complicado ya no es hacer un vídeo, sino que reúna los requisitos necesarios para que realice correctamente su función que no es otra sino la complementar a las metodologías tradicionales. En este sentido y en los últimos años en la facultad de ciencias económicas y empresariales de la UNED hemos ido realizando distintos ensayos con esta herramienta con el fin de conseguir que los alumnos universitarios dispongan de una ayuda eficaz y positiva. En esa línea de mejorar el aprendizaje a partir de herramientas tecnológicas hemos incorporado en los vídeos convencionales la funcionalidad de la interactividad. Y para comprobar su eficacia en la mejora del rendimiento académico hemos hecho un ensayo con alumnos universitarios y hemos sometido a su criterio la valoración en distintos ámbitos de los vídeos interactivos.
Teaching personal and social responsibility after school: A systematic review
Authors: Baptista Céu , Corte-Real Nuno , Regueiras Leonor , Seo Geumran , Hemphill Michael , Pereira Artur , Dias Cláudia , Martinek Tom , Fonseca António
Published: April 2020

Background: Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) has been studied and implemented through physical activity in different backgrounds for over three decades. However, there is no systematized review in the literature concerning the after-school context.

Aim: Conducting a systematic review of literature on after-school interventions based on the TPSR model.

Methods: This study was driven by the following research questions: Which were the conclusions regarding the implementation of TPSR in after-school settings? Which research methodologies have been used to assess TPSR in after-school time settings? Which results related to TPSR were reported in after-school time settings? Cochrane protocol guidelines were followed. Papers were selected by two independent researchers, with Cohen’s Kappa value of 81%.

Results and discussion: Twenty-seven papers were selected, thirteen of which were reported with high scores. Most interventions were conducted in the USA on community-based after-school programs, lasting more than nine sessions, and led by school staff who prepared physical activities for youngsters from disadvantaged communities. Most of the reported studies resorted to qualitative methodologies. Some gaps were detected, such as lack of systematization of methods, lack of validity and reliability. Personal and social benefits were found. Other results were grouped into leadership, staff-youngsters relationship, values, transference, and impact on staff lives.

We recommend future studies in the after-school context extend to extend to other countries, with more detailed descriptions of the specific used methods.
Exploração de um modelo de segunda ordem da Versão Portuguesa da Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNESp): validade do constructo e invariância
Authors: Cid Luis , Rodrigues Filipe , Santos Teixeira Diogo , Alves José , Machado Sérgio , Murillo-Rodríguez Eric , Monteiro Diogo
Published: April 2020

O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em analisar as propriedades psicométricas das versão portuguesa do Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale, testar um modelo de segunda ordem que represente as três necessidades psicológicas básicas, bem como analisar a invariância do modelo de medida de primeira e segunda ordem. Participaram neste estudo 550 sujeitos de ambos os géneros (264 femininos; 286 masculinos), com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 69 anos (M=30.0; SD=10.2) praticantes de exercício físico em ginásios ou health clubs de diversas atividades. Os resultados revelaram que o instrumento possui validade de constructo (validade fatorial, convergente e discriminante), fiabilidade compósita e revelou ainda ser invariante em função do género, e atividades praticadas no contexto ginásio (musculação, cardiofitness e musculação), tanto para o modelo de 1ª como de 2ª ordem. Em suma, as evidências encontradas no presente estudo, confirmam a validade e dão suporte à utilização sem reservas da versão Portuguesa da BPNESp para a avaliação das necessidades psicológicas básicas (individualmente ou através de um índice global) em investigações futuras no domínio do exercício
Bi-Level ventilation decreases pulmonary shunt and modulates neuroinflammation in a cardiopulmonary resuscitation model
Authors: Ruemmler Robert , Ziebart Alexander , Kuropka Frances , Duenges Bastian , Kamuf Jens , Garcia-Bardon Andreas , Hartmann Erik K.
Published: April 2020

Background

Optimal ventilation strategies during cardiopulmonary resuscitation are still heavily debated and poorly understood. So far, no convincing evidence could be presented in favour of outcome relevance and necessity of specific ventilation patterns. In recent years, alternative models to the guideline-based intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) have been proposed. In this randomized controlled trial, we evaluated a bi-level ventilation approach in a porcine model to assess possible physiological advantages for the pulmonary system as well as resulting changes in neuroinflammation compared to standard measures.

Methods

Sixteen male German landrace pigs were anesthetized and instrumented with arterial and venous catheters. Ventricular fibrillation was induced and the animals were left untreated and without ventilation for 4 minutes. After randomization, the animals were assigned to either the guideline-based group (IPPV, tidal volume 8–10 ml/kg, respiratory rate 10/min, FiO21.0) or the bi-level group (inspiratory pressure levels 15–17 cmH2O/5cmH2O, respiratory rate 10/min, FiO21.0). Mechanical chest compressions and interventional ventilation were initiated and after 5 minutes, blood samples, including ventilation/perfusion measurements via multiple inert gas elimination technique, were taken. After 8 minutes, advanced life support including adrenaline administration and defibrillations were started for up to 4 cycles. Animals achieving ROSC were monitored for 6 hours and lungs and brain tissue were harvested for further analyses.

Results

Five of the IPPV and four of the bi-level animals achieved ROSC. While there were no significant differences in gas exchange or hemodynamic values, bi-level treated animals showed less pulmonary shunt directly after ROSC and a tendency to lower inspiratory pressures during CPR. Additionally, cytokine expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha was significantly reduced in hippocampal tissue compared to IPPV animals.

Conclusion

Bi-level ventilation with a constant positive end expiratory pressure and pressure-controlled ventilation is not inferior in terms of oxygenation and decarboxylation when compared to guideline-based IPPV ventilation. Additionally, bi-level ventilation showed signs for a potentially ameliorated neurological outcome as well as less pulmonary shunt following experimental resuscitation. Given the restrictions of the animal model, these advantages should be further examined.
Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities in vitro of polysaccharides from Amaranthus hybridus L.
Authors: Tang Zizhong , Zhou Caixia , Cai Yi , Tang Yujia , Sun Wenjun , Yao Huipeng , Zheng Tianrun , Chen Hui , Xiao Yirong , Shan Zhi , Bu Tongliang , Wang Xiaoli , Huang Lin , Gou Lin
Published: April 2020

Background

Amaranthus hybridus L. is an annual, erect or less commonly ascending herb that is a member of the Amaranthaceae family. Polysaccharides extracted from traditional Chinese medicines may be effective substances with antioxidant activity.

Methods

In this study, we isolated crude polysaccharides from A. hybridus (AHP-M) using microwave-assisted extraction. Then, the AHP-M was purified by chromatography with DEAE-32 cellulose, and two fractions, AHP-M-1 and AHP-M-2, were obtained. The structural characteristics of AHP-M-1 and AHP-M-2 were investigated, and their antioxidant activities were analyzed in vitro.

Results

We found that the monosaccharide composition of AHP-M-1 was different from that of AHP-M-2. The molecular weights of AHP-M-1 and AHP-M-2 were 77.625 kDa and 93.325 kDa, respectively. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of AHP-M-2 was better than that of AHP-M-1. For AHP-M-2, the DPPH radical scavenging rate at a concentration of 2 mg/mL was 78.87%, the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate was 39.34%, the superoxide anion radical scavenging rate was 80.2%, and the reduction ability of Fe3+ was approximately 0.90. The total antioxidant capacity per milligram of AHP-M-2 was 6.42, which was higher than that of Vitamin C (Vc).

Conclusion

The in vitro test indicated that AHP-M-1 and AHP-M-2 have good antioxidant activity, demonstrating that A. hybridus L. polysaccharide has immense potential as a natural antioxidants.
Aberrant expression of two miRNAs promotes proliferation, hepatitis B virus amplification, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells: evidence from bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation
Authors: Liu Yanming , Cao Yue , Cai Wencan , Wu Liangyin , Zhao Pingsen , Liu Xin-guang
Published: April 2020

Background

As key negative regulators of gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the onset and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to identify the miRNAs involved in HCC carcinogenesis and their regulated genes.

Methods

The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset (GSE108724) was chosen and explored to identify differentially expressed miRNAs using GEO2R. For the prediction of potential miRNA target genes, the miRTarBase was explored. Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was performed by the DAVID online tool. The hub genes were screened out using the CytoHubba plug-in ranked by degrees. The networks between miRNAs and hub genes were constructed by Cytoscape software. MiRNA mimics and negative control were transfected into HCC cell lines and their effects on proliferation, hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV-DNA) replication, TP53 expression, migration, and invasion were investigated. The following methods were employed: MTT assay, quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay, western blotting, wound healing assay, and transwell assay.

Results

A total of 50 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, including 20 upregulated and 30 downregulated miRNAs, in HCC tumor tissues compared to matched adjacent tumor-free tissues. The top three upregulated (miR-221-3p, miR-222-3p, and miR-18-5p) and downregulated (miR-375, miR-214-3p and miR-378d) miRNAs, ranked by |log2 fold change (log2FC)|, were chosen and their potential target genes were predicted. Two gene sets, targeted by the upregulated and the downregulated miRNAs, were identified respectively. GO and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the predicted target genes of upregulated and downregulated miRNAs were mainly enriched in the cell cycle and cancer-related pathways. The top ten hub nodes of gene sets ranked by degrees were identified as hub genes. Analysis of miRNA-hub gene network showed that miR-221-3p and miR-375 modulated most of the hub genes, especially involving regulation of TP53. The q-PCR results showed that miR-221-3p and miR-375 were markedly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in HCC cells and HCC clinical tissue samples compared to non-tumoral tissues. Furthermore, miR-221-3p overexpression significantly enhanced proliferation, HBV-DNA replication, as well as the migration and invasion of HCC cells, whereas miR-375 overexpression resulted in opposite effects. Western blotting analysis showed that the overexpression of miR-221-3p and miR-375 reduced and increased TP53 expression, respectively.

Conclusion

The present study revealed that miR-211-3p and miR-375 may exert vital effects on cell proliferation, HBV-DNA replication, cell migration, and invasion through the regulation of TP53 expression in HCC.
Soil Acidity Indices, Nutrient Availability and Plant Growth through Amelioration Practices in Adjacent Coal-mine Paddy Soil
Authors: Lyngdoh Markynti S. , Singh Naorem Janaki , Thakuria D. , Ram Vishram , Ray Lala I. P. , Singh K. Mamocha
Published: April 2020

Potential adjacent coal mine paddy soils often endure low soil and plant productivity through unscientific mining activities causing acid mine drainage. But the extent of its effect to soil is not known, therefore the study was taken to characterize coal mine affected lowland fields on the basis of soil acidity, identify the best amelioration practices and evaluate the performance on rice productivity at farmers’ field level. An experiment with a completely randomised block design (5 replicates) was performed to determine the effects of poultry manure (PM), compost (C), lime (L), paper mill sludge (PMS) and microbial consortium (MC) with their suitable combination through pot experimentation at College of Post Graduate Studies followed by the preeminent selected practices at field trials at Khliehriat, Meghalaya. The factors used were PM and C (10 t ha-1), L as CaCO3, PMS (250 and 500 kg ha-1) and MC were incorporated at appropriate rates. On categorization, two locations were found to exhibit extremely pH acid soil (pH 4.51 ± 0.51) i.e. Moonlakhep (L1) and ultra pH soil (pH 3.14 ± 0.23) i.e. Ladrymbai (L2). Integration of practices showed significant increase in soil acidic indices such as soil pH by 6% to 23% and significant decrease in exchangeable acidity by 49% to 18% with T4 at both locations. Confined increases of soil organic carbon by 12% to 40% with enhanced available soil nutrients by 40% at high optimum rates were noticed. Yield attributes were significantly influenced by different treatments. Highest plant height (83.58 cm and 81.32 cm), grain yield (3436 kg ha-1 and 3120 kg ha-1) were recorded under the practices of T4. However, stover yield (7875 kgha-1) was noticed in T8 at L1 and at L2 maximum in T4 (7420 kgha-1). Soil acidic indices, nutrient and crop growth were influenced at high optimum rates of soil amendment and enhanced with PM amended soil.
Treating Dyslipidemia in Adults: An Update
Authors: Ahmed Sheikh Salahuddin
Published: April 2020

Dyslipidemia is an important risk for the promotion of atherosclerosis and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Currently available drugs can effectively lower the increased levels of blood cholesterol in most patients and prevent the development and progression of CVD. This paper focuses on the adverse cardiovascular effects produced by high blood cholesterols and the overall management of dyslipidemia in adults. Relevant guidelines and research papers published mainly after the year 2000 on the management of dyslipidemia were reviewed. High levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), or low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), combined or independently are associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), an atherogenic lipoprotein has emerged recently as the key factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. High triglyceride (TG) levels are associated with acute and recurrent pancreatitis. The purpose of treating lipid disorders is to prevent the development of ASCVD and pancreatitis. The treatment of dyslipidemia includes multifactorial life style intervention and pharmacotherapy with lipid modifying drugs. Reduction of LDL-C is substantially associated with reduction of risk of ASCVD and evidences show that “lower is better” for LDL-C reduction.
New Marker for Suspected Open Globe Injury (Perforation or Penetration): Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-lymphocyte Ratio
Authors: Yiğit Kenan , Duman Reşat , Duman Rahmi , Yozgat Zubeyir , Çetinkaya Ersan , Sabaner Mehmet Cem
Published: April 2020

Purpose: To compare the strength of the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR) results of patients with or without open globe injury (perforation and penetration) in the acute period of orbital trauma.

Materials and Methods: Forty patients with open globe injuryand twenty-five patients without open globe injury in the acute period of orbital trauma were enrolled in this retrospective study. Complete blood count measurement results of all subjects were assessed.

Results: There was a significant difference in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio between orbital trauma with open globe injury group and without open globe injury group (p=0.001, p=0.006).

Conclusion: Our results of the blood count measurements suggest that the NLR and PLR at first three hours may predict ocular perforation/penetration and the clinicians have to alert are a risk factor of open globe injury.
Meta‐Stable Molecular Configuration Enables Thermally Stable and Solution Processable Organic Charge Transporting Materials
Authors: Liu Tian , Sun Kuangshi , Shen Wei , He Rongxing , Li Ming
Published: April 2020

The construction of state‐of‐the‐art charge transporting materials (CTMs) is challenging in modulating molecular configurations for simultaneously achieving high thermal stability and appreciable solution processability. Herein, N,N′‐bis(1‐indanyl)naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐tetracarboxylic diimide (NDI‐ID) is served as a theoretical model to investigate the influence of molecular structure on the tradeoff between thermal stability and solubility. Compared with the alkyl substituted analog, the thermal stability of NDI‐ID is enhanced by the intramolecular and intermolecular short contacts, indicating the conformational rigidity dictates the morphological stability of the film phase. On the other hand, the dynamic topological transformation of material molecules occurs during the solvation process and, where the intramolecular hydrogen bonds are attenuated by the interactions with the surrounding solvent, leads to the increased solubility. The meta‐stable molecular configuration endows NDI‐ID a favorable union of superior solution processability and higher thermal stability, and this insight is also perfectly exemplified by the newly designed CTMs. Therefore, these results reveal the significant role of structural dynamics on material properties, which can provide a new train of thought to develop CTMs for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
The microbiome of pediatric patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Stapleton Amanda L. , Shaffer Amber D. , Morris Alison , Li Kelvin , Fitch Adam , Methé Barbara A.
Published: April 2020

Background

This study aimed to compare the microbiota of pediatric patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) who are undergoing adenoidectomy to treat their disease with that of healthy control patients.

Methods

Patients undergoing adenoidectomy‐only for obstructive sleep apnea (n = 50) and CRS (n = 37) were recruited. Preoperative 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) or Sinus and Nasal Quality of Life Survey (SN‐5) were collected. Each patient had samples collected from their nasopharynx (adenoid bed) and nasal cavity (sinus) at the onset of surgery. 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequencing was subsequently performed to obtain per sample taxonomic abundances. Statistical analyses included permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), alpha (within sample) diversity measures, and changes in taxonomic abundance.

Results

Moraxella was the most abundant organism. Nasopharyngeal swabs demonstrated higher alpha diversity compared to the nasal cavity. The diversity was not different based on CRS vs obstructive history. There was an increase in diversity with increasing age, and eczema contributed to a greater difference in diversity between the nasopharynx and nasal cavity. Diversity was not affected by adenoid size; however, use of nasal steroids, inhaled steroids, and antihistamines influenced diversity in both the nasopharynx and nasal cavity. Nasopharyngeal samples were higher in relative abundance for Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, and Campylobacter compared to the nasal cavity.

Conclusion

The nasopharynx and nasal cavity differed in both microbiota composition and diversity. In contrast, no significant difference in composition or diversity were found in CRS vs control patients. Ecological changes in the nasopharyngeal and sinus site may contribute to the etiology for adenoid hypertrophy in both healthy controls and CRS patients.
New Zn (II) and Cd (II) complexes of 2,4‐dihydroxy‐5‐[(5‐mercapto‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐yl)diazenyl]benzaldehyde: Synthesis, structural characterization, molecular modeling and docking studies, DNA binding and biological activity
Authors: Atlam Faten M. , Awad Mohamed K. , Gaber Mohamed , Fathalla Shimaa
Published: April 2020

The molecular structures of the so‐called azo dye and its Zn (II) and Cd (II) complexes were predicted in the present manuscript: 2,4‐dihydroxy‐5‐[(5‐mercapto‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐yl) diazenyl] benzaldehyde(H2L). The analyses elemental and thermal, spectra (FT‐IR, MS, UV–Vis), DFT/B3LYP/GENECP at which 6‐31G** basis set is used for C, H, N, O and S and LANL2DZ for Cd and Zncalculations and conductivity, the structures of these newly synthesized complexes were allocated. The small conductivity values exposed the non‐electrolytic nature. TGA curves used Coats‐Redfern to calculate the activation parameters for the thermal decomposition phases. The interaction between calf thymus DNA and investigated compounds was explored through UV–visible measurements of absorption and viscosity. The findings stated that through intercalative binding mode, the complexes communicate with DNA by calculating the constants of binding. In addition, the antimicrobial activity for the ligand and complexes in vitro were tested. The calculations demonstrate that the investigated complexes have octahedral geometry which agrees with the experimental observations. Molecular docking simulation was conducted using molecular operator environment (MOE) for ligand (H2L), Zn (II) and Cd (II) complexes. The docking calculations verified that the Zn (II)‐complex has greater potency and affinity to the (GLUT1) protein than those of the ligand and Cd (II)‐complex, which is inconsistent with the experimental activity. Finally, quantum mechanical and molecular docking are effective methods to better describe the studied molecules ‘biological activity.
Hydrocephaly associated with compound heterozygous alterations in TRAPPC12
Authors: Gass Jennifer M. , Head Barbara B. , Shields Sally M. , Stevenson Roger E. , Louie Raymond J.
Published: April 2020

Background

Hydrocephalus is characterized by increased cerebrospinal fluid within the brain, a causally heterogeneous disorder estimated to affect 1 per 1,000 live births, with the most severe cases often leading to fetal demise. The large number of known genetic and environmental factors that contribute to hydrocephalus makes the differential diagnosis challenging.

Cases

Three consecutive pregnancies of an unrelated couple were found by ultrasound to carry fetuses with hydrocephaly. DNA from two affected fetuses and the parents were subjected to whole exome sequencing. Heterozygous alterations in the TRAPPC12 gene were identified in the parents and compound heterozygous alterations were present in the two affected fetuses. The variant from the father (c.954del) leads to a premature termination of the transcript; the variant from the mother (c.1677+5G>A) affects a splice site which leads to aberrant splicing of the TRAPPC12 transcript.

Conclusion

Compound heterozygous variants in TRAPPC12, which encodes a protein involved in Golgi trafficking and mitosis, may disrupt normal brain embryogenesis leading to hydrocephalus and recurrent pregnancy loss.
Micropipette Aspiration‐Based Assessment of Single Channel Water Permeability
Authors: Boytsov Danila , Hannesschlaeger Christof , Horner Andreas , Siligan Christine , Pohl Peter
Published: April 2020

Measurements of the unitary hydraulic conductivity of membrane channels, pf, may be hampered by difficulties in producing sufficient quantities of purified and reconstituted proteins. Low yield expression, the purely empiric choice of detergents, as well as protein aggregation and misfolding during reconstitution may result in an average of less than one reconstituted channel per large unilamellar vesicle. This limits their applicability for pf measurements, independent of whether light scattering or fluorescence quenching of encapsulated dyes is monitored. Here the micropipette aspiration technique is adopted because its superb sensitivity allows resolving pf values for one order of magnitude smaller protein densities in sphingomyelin and cholesterol rich giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Protein density is derived from intensity fluctuations that fluorescently labeled channels in the aspirated GUV induce by diffusing through the diffraction limited spot. A perfusion system minimizes unstirred layers in the immediate membrane vicinity as demonstrated by the distribution of both encapsulated and extravesicular aqueous dyes. pf amounted to 2.4 ± 0.1 × 10−13 cm³ s−1 for aquaporin‐1 that served as a test case. The new assay paves the way for directly monitoring the effect that interaction of aquaporins with other proteins or inhibitors may have on pf on a single sample.
‘Lower’ social class of a client evokes class self‐awareness rather than discrimination in clinical reasoning: A video vignette study among British psychological and psychotherapeutic professionals working in the NHS
Authors: Vlietstra Tom , Woodger Nigel , Northeast Tony , McNamara Adam J. , Morison Linda
Published: April 2020

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore the impact social class biases may have on the diagnosis and treatment of clients by psychological and psychotherapeutic professionals working in the National Health Service (NHS) in Britain.

Methods

Psychological and psychotherapeutic professionals working in the NHS were randomised to one of two video vignettes representing a psychological assessment session with either a ‘lower’ or ‘upper’ class client. The accent and dress of the client were varied to elicit class stereotypes. The video and study measures were accessed online via a link to a webpage. Participants completed measures of clinical reasoning, namely diagnosis, risk assessment and treatment, as well as measures of class self‐awareness.

Results

Among the 156 practitioners who completed the measures there was little difference between the two groups for the clinical reasoning measures. The expectation was that participants believed a ‘lower class’ client was more likely to receive an ‘alcohol or substance misuse’ diagnosis (p = .002; d = 0.40). Unexpectedly, seeing a ‘lower class’ client led to significantly increased class self‐awareness scores, particularly those measures indicating reflection on personal conflicts relating to practitioners’ own social class and the impact such biases may have on their work.

Conclusions

There was little difference in clinical reasoning between the two class conditions. This may be due to client class cues priming the psychologist to reflect on their own potential class biases. Practitioners may benefit from further reflection and training on biases related to substance use and social class.
Bone marrow fibrosis, sequence variant of asxl1, and Sjögren syndrome: A case report
Authors: Santaliestra Marta , Bussaglia Elena , Pratcorona Marta , Monter‐Rovira Anna , Saavedra Silvana , Mozos Anna , Martínez Clara , Nomdedéu Josep F.
Published: April 2020

Only proven pathogenic mutations associated with myeloid neoplasms are key to establish the clonal nature of the bone marrow fibrosis. In cases with genetic variants of uncertain meaning, the clinical picture may be required to rule out secondary causes.
Design and Synthesis of Dihydroxamic Acids as HDAC6/8/10 Inhibitors
Authors: Morgen Michael , Steimbach Raphael R. , Géraldy Magalie , Hellweg Lars , Sehr Peter , Ridinger Johannes , Witt Olaf , Oehme Ina , Herbst‐Gervasoni Corey J. , Osko Jeremy D. , Porter Nicholas J. , Christianson David W. , Gunkel Nikolas , Miller Aubry K.
Published: April 2020

We report the synthesis and evaluation of a class of selective multitarget agents for the inhibition of HDAC6, HDAC8, and HDAC10. The concept for this study grew out of a structural analysis of the two selective inhibitors Tubastatin A (HDAC6/10) and PCI‐34051 (HDAC8), which we recognized share the same N‐benzylindole core. Hybridization of the two inhibitor structures resulted in dihydroxamic acids with benzyl‐indole and ‐indazole core motifs. These substances exhibit potent activity against HDAC6, HDAC8, and HDAC10, while retaining selectivity over HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3. The best substance inhibited the viability of the SK‐N‐BE(2)C neuroblastoma cell line with an IC50 value similar to a combination treatment with Tubastatin A and PCI‐34051. This compound class establishes a proof of concept for such hybrid molecules and could serve as a starting point for the further development of enhanced HDAC6/8/10 inhibitors.
Sulfonylguanidine Derivatives as Potential Antimelanoma Agents
Authors: Baladi Tom , Hamouda‐Tekaya Nedra , Gonçalves Leticia Christina Pires , Rocchi Stéphane , Ronco Cyril , Benhida Rachid
Published: April 2020

Sulfonylguanidines are interesting bioactive compounds with a broad range of applications in the treatment of different pathologies. 2‐Aminobenzazole‐based structures are well employed in the development of new anticancer drugs. Two series of novel N‐benzazol‐2‐yl‐N′‐sulfonyl guanidine derivatives were synthesized with the sulfonylguanidine in either an extra‐ or intracyclic frame. They were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against malignant melanoma tumor cells, thus allowing structure‐activity relationships to be defined. Additionally, NCI‐60 screening was performed for the best analogue to study its efficiency against a panel of other cancer cell lines. The stability profile of this promising compound was then validated. During the synthetic process, an unexpected new deamidination of the sulfonylguanidine towards sulfonamide function was also identified.
Health system strengthening: Integration of breast cancer care for improved outcomes
Authors: Horton Susan , Camacho Rodriguez Rolando , Anderson Benjamin O. , Aung Soe , Awuah Baffour , Delgado Pebé Lucia , Duggan Catherine , Dvaladze Allison , Kumar Somesh , Murillo Raúl , Mra Rai , Rositch Anne F. , Songiso Mutumba , Sullivan Richard , Tsunoda Audrey T. , Teo Soo‐Hwang , Gelband Hellen
Published: April 2020

The adoption of the goal of universal health coverage and the growing burden of cancer in low‐ and middle‐income countries makes it important to consider how to provide cancer care. Specific interventions can strengthen health systems while providing cancer care within a resource‐stratified perspective (similar to the World Health Organization–tiered approach). Four specific topics are discussed: essential medicines/essential diagnostics lists; national cancer plans; provision of affordable essential public services (either at no cost to users or through national health insurance); and finally, how a nascent breast cancer program can build on existing programs. A case study of Zambia (a country with a core level of resources for cancer care, using the Breast Health Global Initiative typology) shows how a breast cancer program was built on a cervical cancer program, which in turn had evolved from the HIV/AIDS program. A case study of Brazil (which has enhanced resources for cancer care) describes how access to breast cancer care evolved as universal health coverage expanded. A case study of Uruguay shows how breast cancer outcomes improved as the country shifted from a largely private system to a single‐payer national health insurance system in the transition to becoming a country with maximal resources for cancer care. The final case study describes an exciting initiative, the City Cancer Challenge, and how that may lead to improved cancer services.
Breast cancer treatment: A phased approach to implementation
Authors: Mutebi Miriam , Anderson Benjamin O. , Duggan Catherine , Adebamowo Clement , Agarwal Gaurav , Ali Zipporah , Bird Peter , Bourque Jean‐Marc , DeBoer Rebecca , Gebrim Luiz Henrique , Masetti Riccardo , Masood Shahla , Menon Manoj , Nakigudde Gertrude , Ng’ang’a Anne , Niyonzima Nixon , Rositch Anne F. , Unger‐Saldaña Karla , Villarreal‐Garza Cynthia , Dvaladze Allison , El Saghir Nagi S. , Gralow Julie R. , Eniu Alexandru
Published: April 2020

Optimal treatment outcomes for breast cancer are dependent on a timely diagnosis followed by an organized, multidisciplinary approach to care. However, in many low‐ and middle‐income countries, effective care management pathways can be difficult to follow because of financial constraints, a lack of resources, an insufficiently trained workforce, and/or poor infrastructure. On the basis of prior work by the Breast Health Global Initiative, this article proposes a phased implementation strategy for developing sustainable approaches to enhancing patient care in limited‐resource settings by creating roadmaps that are individualized and adapted to the baseline environment. This strategy proposes that, after a situational analysis, implementation phases begin with bolstering palliative care capacity, especially in settings where a late‐stage diagnosis is common. This is followed by strengthening the patient pathway, with consideration given to a dynamic balance between centralization of services into centers of excellence to achieve better quality and decentralization of services to increase patient access. The use of resource checklists ensures that comprehensive therapy or palliative care can be delivered safely and effectively. Episodic or continuous monitoring with established process and quality metrics facilitates ongoing assessment, which should drive continual process improvements. A series of case studies provides a snapshot of country experiences with enhancing patient care, including the implementation of national cancer control plans in Kenya, palliative care in Romania, the introduction of a 1‐stop clinic for diagnosis in Brazil, the surgical management of breast cancer in India, and the establishment of a women's cancer center in Ghana.
Chinese clinical named entity recognition based on stacked neural network
Authors: Zhang Ruoyu , Lu Wenpeng , Wang Shoujin , Peng Xueping , Yu Rui , Gao Yuan
Published: April 2020

The precise named entity recognition (NER) is a key component in Chinese clinical natural language processing. Although clinical NER systems have attracted widespread attention and been studied for decades, the latest NER research usually relies on a shallow text representation with one‐layer neural encoding, which fails to capture deep features and limits its performance improvement. To capture more features and encode the clinical text efficiently, we propose a deep stacked neural network for Chinese clinical NER. The neural network stacks two bidirectional long‐short term memory and gated recurrent unit layers to encode the text twice, followed by a conditional random fields (CRF) layer to recognize named entities in Chinese clinical text. Extensive empirical results on three real‐world datasets demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms six state‐of‐the‐art NER methods. Especially compared with the conventional CRF model, our method has at least 3.75% F1‐score improvement on these public datasets.
Research and application of intrusion detection method based on hierarchical features
Authors: Xie Xin , Jiang Xunyi , Wang Weiru , Wang Bin , Wan Tiancheng , Tang Wenliang , Wang Xianmin
Published: April 2020

Intrusion detection is essential to prevent damage to computer systems. However, in recent years, with the development of the network, many complex attack types have appeared, and it has become increasingly difficult to obtain high detection rates and low false alarm rates. In addition, traditional heavily hand‐crafted evaluation datasets for network intrusion detection have not been practical. This article proposes an intrusion detection method based on hierarchical feature learning, which can automatically learn traffic features. The method first learns the byte‐level features of network traffic through one‐dimensional convolutional neural networks and then learns session‐level features using stacked denoising autoencoder. The experiment analyzed the model structure and compared it with other methods. Experiments prove that the method in this article has high accuracy and low false alarm
rate.
Methods for Exerting and Sensing Force in Polymer Materials Using Mechanophores
Authors: Stratigaki Maria , Göstl Robert
Published: April 2020

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Dr. Robert Göstl at DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Germany. The cover shows the mechanochemically induced retro Diels–Alder reaction of the adduct of a π‐extended anthracene and maleimide yielding highly fluorescent anthracenes. This mechanophore motif as well as other force‐responsive molecules are reviewed with regard to their efficient activation and quantification. Read the full text of the Minireview at 10.1002/cplu.201900737.
Noncrop features and heterogeneity mediate overwintering bird diversity in agricultural landscapes of southwest China
Authors: Li Depin , Lee Myung‐Bok , Xiao Wen , Tang Jia , Zhang Zhengwang
Published: April 2020

Farmland birds are of conservation concerns around the world. In China, conservation management has focused primarily on natural habitats, whereas little attention has been given to agricultural landscapes. Although agricultural land use is intensive in China, environmental heterogeneity can be highly variable in some regions due to variations in crop and noncrop elements within a landscape. We examined how noncrop heterogeneity, crop heterogeneity, and noncrop features (noncrop vegetation and water body such as open water) influenced species richness and abundance of all birds as well as three functional groups (woodland species, agricultural land species, and agricultural wetland species) in the paddy‐dominated landscapes of Erhai water basin situated in northwest Yunnan, China. Birds, crop, and noncrop vegetation surveys in twenty 1 km × 1 km landscape plots were conducted during the winter season (from 2014 to 2015). The results revealed that bird community compositions were best explained by amounts of noncrop vegetation and compositional heterogeneity of noncrop habitat (Shannon–Wiener index). Both variables also had a positive effect on richness and abundance of woodland species. Richness of agricultural wetland species increased with increasing areas of water bodies within the landscape plot. Richness of total species was also greater in the landscapes characterized by larger areas of water bodies, high proportion of noncrop vegetation, high compositional heterogeneity of noncrop habitat, or small field patches (high crop configurational heterogeneity). Crop compositional heterogeneity did not show significant effects neither on the whole community (all birds) nor on any of the three functional groups considered. These findings suggest that total bird diversity and some functional groups, especially woodland species, would benefit from increases in the proportion of noncrop features such as woody vegetation and water bodies as well as compositional heterogeneity of noncrop features within landscape.
Acute coronary syndromes and acute heart failure: a diagnostic dilemma and high‐risk combination. A statement from the Acute Heart Failure Committee of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Harjola Veli‐Pekka , Parissis John , Bauersachs Johann , Brunner‐La Rocca Hans‐Peter , Bueno Hector , Čelutkienė Jelena , Chioncel Ovidiu , Coats Andrew J.S. , Collins Sean P. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Gayat Etienne , Hill Loreena , Laine Mika , Lassus Johan , Lommi Jyri , Masip Josep , Mebazaa Alexandre , Metra Marco , Miró Òscar , Mortara Andrea , Mueller Christian , Mullens Wilfried , Peacock W. Frank , Pentikäinen Markku , Piepoli Massimo F. , Polyzogopoulou Effie , Rudiger Alain , Ruschitzka Frank , Seferovic Petar , Sionis Alessandro , Teerlink John R. , Thum Thomas , Varpula Marjut , Weinstein Jean Marc , Yilmaz Mehmet B.
Published: April 2020

Acute coronary syndrome is a precipitant of acute heart failure in a substantial proportion of cases, and the presence of both conditions is associated with a higher risk of short‐term mortality compared to acute coronary syndrome alone. The diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in the setting of acute heart failure can be challenging. Patients may present with atypical or absent chest pain, electrocardiograms can be confounded by pre‐existing abnormalities, and cardiac biomarkers are frequently elevated in patients with chronic or acute heart failure, independently of acute coronary syndrome. It is important to distinguish transient or limited myocardial injury from primary myocardial infarction due to vascular events in patients presenting with acute heart failure. This paper outlines various clinical scenarios to help differentiate between these conditions and aims to provide clinicians with tools to aid in the recognition of acute coronary syndrome as a cause of acute heart failure. Interpretation of electrocardiogram and biomarker findings, and imaging techniques that may be helpful in the diagnostic work‐up are described. Guidelines recommend an immediate invasive strategy for patients with acute heart failure and acute coronary syndrome, regardless of electrocardiographic or biomarker findings. Pharmacological management of patients with acute coronary syndrome and acute heart failure should follow guidelines for each of these syndromes, with priority given to time‐sensitive therapies for both. Studies conducted specifically in patients with the combination of acute coronary syndrome and acute heart failure are needed to better define the management of these patients.
A Novel Ultrathin SiO Layer Endowing Significant Improvement of Interface Properties for Nickel‐Rich Cathode Materials in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Dai Hui , Cao Haishang , Du Fanghui , Zhou Qun , Adkins Jason , Sun Pengpeng , Hu Die , Zheng Junwei
Published: April 2020

A molecular coating strategy is used to modify the surface of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 with a monolayer, or a few layers, of [3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]urea. Upon calcination of the material, an ultrathin SiO layer is formed on the surface of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2. The modification of the ultrathin SiO layer results only in a slight decrease in the specific capacity of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (≈204 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C), however, the ultrathin SiO layer endows the material with excellent cycling stability and rate capability. The electrode with surface‐modified material can deliver 87.5% of the initial discharge capacity after 300 cycles at 1 C, whereas the corresponding capacity retention of the pristine counterpart is only 62.5%. Similarly, the capacity retentions for the modified material and pristine counterpart are 76.0% and 55.7% at 2 C, respectively, relative to the capacities at 0.1 C. The results are ascribed to the covalently bonded structure of the SiO layer efficiently alleviating the side reaction of the electrolytes and enhancing the kinetics of the charge transfer processes at the interface. This strategy would be also applicable to other metal oxide materials to optimize the performance for lithium‐ion batteries.
In Situ Growth of Layered Double Hydroxide‐Derived NiCoO2 Nanorod Arrays on Carbon Fiber Cloth for the Application on High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yan Kemeng , Chen Sifan , Zhai Junjian , Zhao Yazhen , Deng Zhouhu , Wang Gang
Published: April 2020

Rod‐shaped skeleton NiCoO2 grown directly on mechanically ﬂexible and electrically conducting carbon fiber cloth (NiCoO2/CFC) is synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route and applied initially as an anode for flexible lithium‐ion batteries. Electrochemical test results indicate that the NiCoO2/CFC electrode exhibits high rate capability and cycling stability and realizes a high areal capacity of 2.41 mAh cm−2 after 120 cycles, superior to the pure NiCoO2 electrode. The excellent electrochemical performance can be interpreted as the synergistic and complementary effects between the flexible substrate and bimetal oxides, which makes the NiCoO2/CFC electrodes achieve fast electron and Li+ transportation, good mechanical flexibility, and particularly, superior electrochemical stability. Furthermore, the lithium storage behavior is investigated through electrochemical kinetic analysis. Herein, the possibilities of anode materials with high performance for next‐generation flexible energy storage devices are described.
Binder‐Free TiO2‐Coated Polypropylene Separators for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Miao , Wang Qian , Zhou Henghui , Qi Limin
Published: April 2020

Modification with inorganic nanoparticles is a common method to enhance the thermal stability, electrolyte wettability, and overall functionality of commercial separators. However, the binders frequently used reduce the specific capacity of batteries and tend to swell in the electrolyte. Herein, a novel type of inorganic thin layer–coated separator that is easy to prepare and does not require a binder is designed. After treating by UV/O3, a thin titania layer is uniformly deposited on the surface of a commercial polypropylene (PP) separator by a facile sol–gel coating method. The thin TiO2 layer considerably improves the thermal stability of the separator, and there is no obvious shrinkage when the separator is heated at 170 °C for 30 min. At the same time, the electrolyte wettability is greatly improved after modification, which increases the Li+ migration rate. A LiFePO4/Li battery with the PP@TiO2 separator shows superior rate capability and cycle performance at high currents; particularly, it demonstrates a high capacity of 92.6 mAh g−1 at 15 C. The modified separator simultaneously improves the safety and electrochemical performance of the batteries, which will help to achieve the goal of preparing high‐safety, high‐capacity lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs).
Living Plant‐Hybrid Generators for Multidirectional Wind Energy Conversion
Authors: Meder Fabian , Thielen Marc , Mondini Alessio , Speck Thomas , Mazzolai Barbara
Published: April 2020

The largest existing biological interface, the surface of living plants, as it stands is capable of converting mechanical energy into electricity based on a combination of contact electrification and electrostatic induction on the plant surface and its inner tissue. Herein, the first design strategies are reported for living plant‐based wind energy harvesting systems that use this effect and that are capable of harvesting simultaneously from multiple leaves of a single plant to upscale the energy output. This is the first study under outdoor‐relevant conditions in a controlled test environment that relates plant‐based energy conversion to wind speed and wind direction as well as parameters such as the environmental humidity. Increasing the wind speed not only leads to higher power but also low winds of 2 m s−1 and less can be converted into storable electricity. The plant‐hybrid generators are moreover capable of converting wind from multiple directions by exploiting the naturally multiplex leaf orientations and the plants can directly power light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and a digital thermometer. The results draw attention to the opportunity to obtain living plant‐hybrid generators, e.g., for applications in constituting environmental sensor networks.
Cover Image
Authors: Morgan Jason P. , Taramón Jorge M. , Hasenclever Jörg
Published: April 2020

The cover image is based on the Research Article Shape‐preserving finite elements in cylindrical and spherical geometries: The double Jacobian approach by Jason P. Morgan, https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.4799.

image