bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The small heat shock protein Hsp27 undergoes ERK‐dependent phosphorylation, redistribution to the cell periphery and insolubilization in response to dual leucine zipper‐bearing kinase expression in human keratinocytes
Authors: Simard‐Bisson Carolyne , Robitaille Hubert , Larouche Danielle , Blouin Richard , Tanguay Robert M. , Germain Lucie
Published: June 2021

Hsp27 plays important roles in many cellular processes, including cytoskeleton dynamic, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Its expression in normal human epidermis correlates with differentiation. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms involved. In this study, we report that Hsp27 undergoes up‐regulation, phosphorylation, redistribution to the cytoskeleton and insolubilization during the late phase of epidermal keratinocyte differentiation. Our results also demonstrate that expression of dual leucine zipper‐bearing kinase (DLK), an upstream activator of the MAPKinase pathways, is alone sufficient to induce those modifications of Hsp27 in poorly differentiated normal human keratinocytes. Interestingly, the effects of DLK on Hsp27 were blocked by the PD98059, a selective inhibitor of the ERK pathway. Also, preliminary results indicate that knock down of Hsp27 using siRNA in HaCat cells expressing DLK decreases the amount of insoluble cornified envelope precursors such as involucrin. Thus, these observations suggest that the DLK‐ERK signaling pathway may act as a regulator of the interactions that occurs between Hsp27 and the cytoskeleton during formation of the cornified cell envelope.
The effects of selected plant methanol extracts on rat's brain lipid peroxidation and mouse 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes cell proliferation in vitro
Authors: Abanto Oliver Diaz , Woo Hyun‐Joo , Hong Heeok , Hwang Seong‐Gu
Published: June 2021

Previous studies indicated that some functional foods which have medicinal and antioxidant activities also stimulate growth of preadipocytes, posing potential health risk to obesity‐prone individuals. The present study was conducted to screen and determine the effects of selected plant methanol extracts on in vitro lipid peroxidation and growth stimulation of preadipocyte cells. The antioxidant effect of each extract (D. asper, C. officinale, U. pumila, R. vulubilis, and A. sinensis) against lipid peroxidation was measured using TBARS analysis. Mouse 3T3‐L1 preadipocyte cells were treated with 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 ppm of each plant extract, and cell proliferation was measured after 24 and 48h incubation periods using tetrazolium salt (WST) assay. All of the plant extracts tested demonstrated antioxidant activities against lipid peroxidation. The U. pumila showed the strongest antioxidant activity among other extracts. The U. pumila caused arrest of 3T3‐L1 cell proliferation dose dependently, but D. asper, C. officinale and A. sinensis stimulated cell proliferation. The R. vulubilis did not stimulate nor caused growth arrest of 3T3‐L1 cells. Our findings suggest that U. pumila can potentially be used as functional antioxidant and at the same time as obesity control agent.
Testing the substrate flexibility of Helicobacter pylori's pseudaminic acid biosynthetic pathway
Authors: Selden Nicholas S. , Guo Han , Dube Danielle H.
Published: June 2021

Helicobacter pylori infection is the leading cause of duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer worldwide. We are developing an antibiotic strategy based on the presence of the unique sugar pseudaminic acid (PseNAc) on H. pylori but not on human cells. PseNAc is essential for formation of functional flagella on H. pylori, and H. pylori that lack the ability to make PseNAc are avirulent. In our two‐step strategy, we will (1) hijack H. pylori's PseNAc biosynthetic pathway with azidosugars, then (2) covalently deliver therapeutic compounds to azide‐covered H. pylori via Staudinger ligation to perturb the pathogens. For this strategy to be viable, H. pylori's PseNAc biosynthetic pathway must be permissive of azide‐containing substrates. Here we set out to examine the substrate flexibility of PseNAc biosynthetic enzymes by comparing in vitro kinetic data of natural versus azide‐containing substrates. We present our initial data expressing PseNAc biosynthetic enzymes, preparing azide‐containing substrates, and testing the substrate flexibility of the PseNAc biosynthetic pathway in vitro. Support was provided by the James Stacy Coles Foundation, HHMI, and Dreyfus Foundation.
Structural Response of the Estrogen Receptor Ligand Binding Domain to Selective Ligand Binding by Spin Label Distance Measurements
Authors: Ngu Lisa , Gulla Stefano , Chamoun Jean , Fajer Piotr G. , Budil David
Published: June 2021

Estrogen Receptor‐α (ER‐α) is a nuclear hormone receptor that has become an important therapeutic target for tissue‐specific inhibitors. It has been suggested that the dynamics and conformations of the helix 12 (H12) region of the ERα ligand binding domain (LBD) are affected by ligand and coregulator binding. In agonist form, H12 is stabilized by folding over the binding pocket, forming a surface where coregulators bind. Antagonists disrupt this folding, inhibiting the coregulator binding that is necessary for ER‐α to carry out its downstream effects. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) show tissue‐selective anti‐estrogenic activity. It has been suggested that SERMs partially disrupt coactivator binding by displacing H12. To investigate this possibility, H12 was spin‐labeled at residue 543 and at residue 530 in the H12 hinge. Changes in structure induced by binding a series of agonist to antagonist ligands and coregulator peptide SRC1 were observed by measuring interspin distances using double electron‐electron resonance (DEER). DEER showed that ligand binding induces dynamic changes that directly correlate with the ligand's biological activity. These results demonstrate the importance of characterizing receptor‐ligand dynamics that are unavailable from standard structural methods.
Phenolics from mango (Mangifera indica L.) suppress growth in different cancer cells, targeting pro‐apoptotic and cell cycle control proteins
Authors: Bertoldi Michele Correa , Noratto Giuliana D. , Talcott Steve Terel , Mertens‐Talcott Susanne U.
Published: June 2021

Gallotannins are phenolics in mango which have shown anti‐cancer activity. The objective was to evaluate the anti‐prolioferative activity of mango phenolics in cancer cells. The cultivars Haden (Hd) and Ataulfo (At) were selected based on phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic activities of phenolics extracts were tested in human Molt‐4 leukemia, A‐549 lung, MDA‐MB‐231 breast, SW‐480 colon and LnCap prostate cancer cells. Additionally, gene expression was investigated by RT‐PCR and cell cycle kinetics by flow cytometry. Hd inhibited the growth of SW‐480, Molt‐4, LnCap, MDA‐MB‐231, and A‐549 cells (IC50 = 2, 2.5, 7, 8.3, and 10.5 mg gallic acid equiv./L, respectively) as determined by cell counting at 72h, with SW‐480 cells being most sensitive to the treatments. In general, At extracts were less effective than Hd. HPLC‐PDA analysis of extracts revealed that Hd and At mainly contained gallotannins, though Hd contained higher concentration of lower molecular weight phenolics. The growth inhibition of Hd polyphenolics (15mg/L) in MDA‐MB‐231 was associated with increased expression of pro‐apoptotic caspase‐8 and Bax by 1.2 and 1.5 fold, respectively. Furthermore, Hd (up to 15mg/L) induced cell cycle arrest in the S and G2/M phase. Overall, mango phenolics may possess chemopreventive activities by targeting pro‐apoptotic genes and inducing cell cycle arrest.

Grant Funding Source

National Mango Board
Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of Grape Powder Extract (GPE) in Human Macrophages
Authors: Overman Angel , Bumrungpert Akkarach , Kennedy Arion , Martinez Kristina , West Tiffany , Hopkins Robin , Chuang Chia‐Chi , McIntosh Michael
Published: June 2021

Obesity‐associated inflammation is characterized by an increased abundance of macrophages in white adipose tissue (WAT), along with production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins. Grape powder extract (GPE) is rich in phenolic phytochemicals that possess anti‐inflammatory properties. Thus, we examined the ability of GPE to prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐mediated activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), and activator protein‐1 (AP‐1), and induction of inflammatory genes in human macrophages. Cultures of differentiated U937 cells were treated with LPS in the absence or presence of GPE. Pretreatment with GPE attenuated LPS‐induced expression of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNFα, IL‐6, IL‐1B,), chemokines (i.e., IL‐8, IP‐10), and a marker of prostaglandin production (COX‐2). GPE also attenuated LPS activation of MAPK, NFκB, and AP‐1 as evidenced by decreased 1) phosphorylation of c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, 2) degradation of I?Bα, and 3) phosphorylation of c‐Jun. These data suggest that GPE attenuates LPS‐mediated inflammatory gene expression in human macrophages by decreasing the activation of MAPK, NFκB, and AP‐1. (Supported by the W.B. Kellogg Institute for Food and Nutrition Research)

Grant Funding Source

W.B Kellogg Institute for Food and Nutrition Research
Anti‐obesity effects of garlic in uncoupling protein‐2 transgenic mice
Authors: Lee Mak‐Soon , Kim Yangha
Published: June 2021

Garlic (Allium sativum Linn) is used in conventional allopathic therapies for cancer and diabetic‐related vascular diseases. We investigated the effects of garlic in the transgenic mouse model with uncoupling protein‐2 (UCP‐2)‐luciferase. UCP‐2 is a mitochondrial membrane transporter, controlling energy expenditure and thermogenesis. UCP‐2 promoter (‐1830/+30 bp) was subcloned into the pGL3‐Basic vector that includes luciferase as a reporter gene. Biologycal activities of garlic were carried out in UCP‐2 transgenic mice. Transgenic mice were fed on a high‐fat diet for 8 weeks to induce obesity. Subsequently they were maintained on a high‐fat control diet, high‐fat diets supplemented with 2%? and 5%? garlic (w/w) respectively for a further 8 weeks. Garlic diets reduced the body weight. Levels of plasma triglyceride and leptin were also significantly lower in the UCP‐2 transgenic mice fed with garlic diet. Luciferase activity was significantly increased in the liver, white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue and muscle of UCP‐2 transgenic mice. These results suggest that anti‐obesity effects of garlic are associated with an increase in the UCP‐2 gene expression, regulating thermogenesis. "This study was supported by the Project of Bio‐Food Research from the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF, M10510130005‐08N1013‐00510)".
Poly‐γ‐glutamate isolated from fermented soy products changes omega‐3 fatty acid contents of liver and brain in diet‐induced obese rats
Authors: Kim Sun‐Hee , Lee Hye‐Sung , Chang Moon‐Jeong
Published: June 2021

The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of poly‐gamma‐glutamate (γ‐PGA) on the omega‐fatty acids of liver and brain in diet‐induced obese rats. The gamma‐PGA isolated from a Korean fermented soybean product, Cheongkukjang is an anionic biopolymer. Ten‐weeks‐old Sprague‐Dawley male rats (n=64) were divided into two groups and induced obesity by providing the low 10% fat control and high 45% fat diets for 4 weeks. Then, they were randomly blocked into four groups in each fat diet and provided four different diets containing no PGA control, PGA, PGA‐Ca, and PGA‐Mg. The gamma‐PGA content of the diets was 0.1% that was determined as appropriate by previous studies. After 4 week feeding, rats were decapitated and the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contents of liver and brain were analyzed by gas chromatography. The low fat groups fed with three different types of PGA showed higher liver DHA content than the control and the high fat groups with PGA showed higher liver EPA content (p<0.05). In the brain, the high fat groups fed with PGA showed significantly higher EPA contents in cerebellum except in cerebrum and brain stem, and showed higher DHA contents in all three brain regions. The results suggest that gamma‐PGA accumulates EPA and DHA in liver and brain. The binding forms of PGA may not influence the omega‐fatty acid accumulation. (This study was supported by 2007 Seoul R& D Program).
Cancer preventive phytochemicals uniquely activate liver x receptor responsive genes through receptor dependent and independent mechanisms in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Trasino Steven , Kim Young S , Wang Thomas TY
Published: June 2021

Activation of liver X receptor (LXR) in models of prostate cancer (PCa) results in reduction of cell growth and hormone signaling. We hypothesized that cancer protective phytochemicals may interact with the LXR pathway in an in vitro model of PCa. In the present study we examined the effects of three diet‐derived cancer preventive phytochemicals: genistein, resveratrol, and diindolylmethane (DIM), on activation of two classic LXR responsive genes ATP binding cassette transporter A1 and G1, (ABCA1) and (ABCG1) mRNA in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. LNCaP cells treated with either 5 μM genistein, resveratrol or DIM resulted in a 3‐7 fold increase in ABCG1 and ABCA1 mRNA levels. Using siRNA technology, we also examined which LXR isotype (LXRα or LXRβ) may be involved in any interactions between these phytochemicals and the LXR pathway. Transfection of LNCaP cells with LXRβ siRNA, but not LXRα siRNA, completely inhibited genistein's ability to induce ABCG1 mRNA but only had a partial effect on DIM. Use of siRNA against LXRα or LXRβ had no effect on resveratrol's induction of ABCG1 mRNA. Increased ABCA1 mRNA expression by all three phytochemicals could not be reversed by either LXRα or LXRβ siRNA. Our data revealed that in LNCaP cells: i) Dietary phytochemicals activate mRNA expression of LXR responsive genes ABCA1 and ABCG1, and ii) Genistein and DIM can modulation ABCG1 mRNA with a unique requirement for the LXRβ isoform.
Raisin, currant and Thompson Seedless grape phenolic compound characterization using LC‐MS‐MS‐ESI with product ion, precursor‐ion, neutral–loss analysis and selected reaction monitoring
Authors: Singh Ajay P , Shah Sneha , Torres Monica S , Vorsa Nicholi , Wilson Ted
Published: June 2021

Raisins have a distinct phenolic profile that may be relevant to their health effects/benefits, this study characterized their profile. Thompson Seedless grapes, sun‐dried raisins, golden raisins and Zante currant raisins were extracted with methanol or acetone prior to fractionation. HPLC coupled electrospray mass spectrometry in tandem mode (LC‐ESI‐MS‐MS) with negative ion detection was used to generate a phenolic profile that was characterized/quantified using standards, mass fragmentation patterns including mass spectra in full scan mode (MS), and MS/MS (i.e. product ion, precursor ion and neutral loss). Identified phenolics included catechin, B‐type dimers , B‐type trimers, myricetin (M)‐3‐galactoside, M‐3‐glucoside, quercetin (Q)‐3‐glucuronide, rutinoside, Q‐3‐glucoside, linarin, kaempferol‐3‐O‐caffeoylate, isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐glucoside, Q, and kaempferol. Deprotonated aglycones were formed by loss of galactoside, glucoside, glucuronides, and caffeoyllate residues from their glycosides. Fragmentation patterns demonstrated several catechin derivatives; aglycons and catechins provided characteristic ions for each flavonoid family. Raisins and grapes have not until now been known to contain linarin and M‐3‐gal among other phenolics. Further study will need to determine the degree of variation within cultivars. Support: Sun‐Maid Growers of California
Antioxidative Potential of Cheonggukjang Prepared with Soybean Varieties with Different Levels of Isoflavones and Anthocyanins
Authors: KIM Jong‐Sang , LIM Ji‐Sun , SEO Ji‐Yeon , Garcia Annalene , LEE In Ae , Hwang Young Hyun , Kwon Dae Young
Published: June 2021

Cheonggukjang is a popular Korean traditional fermented soy food manufactured by fermenting steamed soybeans with Bacillus species. We examined the antioxidative activity of methanolic extract of cheonggukjang prepared with different strains. The extract of cheonggukjang prepared with B. amyloliquefaciens showed stronger antioxidative activity than those of other strains. In order to investigate in vivo antioxidative effect of cheonggukjang prepared by fermenting four varieties of soybean (Aga No 3, Aga No 4, TaeGwang, Ilpoom Black No 1) containing different levels of isoflavones and anthocyanins with B. amyloliquefaciens, eighty mice were divided into 8 groups including control, CCl4‐treated group, steamed soybean group, four cheonggukjang + CCl4 groups, and vitamin E + CCl4 group. Mice were fed experimental diet containing 0 or 30% cheonggukjang or vitamin E (2000 IU/kg) for 14 days, followed by injection with CCl4 (day 1), and sacrificed at 14th day after beginning of experiment. The hepatic levels of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes including heme‐oxigenase‐1 (HO‐1), CYP450s in liver collected from experimental groups were compared using western blot. The markers for oxidative damage such as MDA and 8‐OH‐dG were also assayed for tissues collected from experimental groups. In conclusion, anthocyanins in soy but not isoflavones appear to make major contribution to antioxidant activity of soy.
Transformation of Isoflavone from Soybean Extract by Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Lee Young‐Eun , Lim Byung‐Rak , Seong Kum‐Soo
Published: June 2021

Phytoestrogen for the industrial production of soybean probiotics by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was studied in soybean extract. Soybean was fermented with LAB, Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC 3108 and Bifidobacterum longum ATCC 15707. The change in the content of various isoflavones (aglycone and glucoside) and the β‐glucosidase activity in soybean during fermentation were investigated and varied with the starter organism. Soybean extract powder fermented with L. plantarum showed the highest β‐glucosidase activity and the greatest increase in the contents of aglycone. The content of daidzin, genistin and glycitin in L. plantarum‐fermented one decreased from an initial 83.03± 2.17, 168.13±8.17 and 20.02±1.07, respectively, to 5.34±3.24, 3.79±0.57 and 1.87±1.09 mg/100g after 48h of fermentation. The content of daidzein, genistein and glycitein increased from an initial 8.09±0.78, 11.20±0.84 and 4.71±0.46, respectively, to 85.76±0.84, 175.87±2.21 and 22.41± 0.91 mg/100g after 48h of fermentation. Finally, the increase of aglycones and decrease of glucoside isoflavones during fermentation coincides with the increase of β‐glucosidase activity observed in fermented soybean extract powder.
Ultrasound‐facilitated Fast Tissue Specimen Preparation Technology
Authors: Chu Wei‐Sing
Published: June 2021

Ultrasound (US) facilitated formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue specimen preparation technology (US‐FFPE) is developed from the widely accepted FFPE technology by introducing ultrasound in each step of the process. The US‐FFPE does not change the gold standard FFPE tissue morphology. However, it greatly reduces tissue sample preparation time. The whole procedure of FFPE tissue specimen preparation is reduced from 16‐48 hr to 20‐60 min.

The final diagnosis of cancers can be produced in a few hours after surgery or biopsy instead of a few days. This increase of turnaround rate will considerably save patient care costs and greatly relieve patients' psychological burdens in waiting for results.

The US‐FFPE technology changes the mechanism of biomolecule modification and cross‐linking caused by formalin fixation. Biomolecules are much more accessible for detection and extraction. The fact that tissue specimens are "frozen in time" at the point of US‐FFPE fixation can greatly improve the integrity of biomolecules in tissue specimens, especially for mRNA and phosphoproteins.

We have constructed a prototype multi‐sample investigational US‐FFPE device. Morphological and molecular biology assay results on tissue specimens produced by the prototype US‐FFPE device were highly comparable to those on tissue specimens produced by the conventional FFPE method.

We also tested the US‐FFPE device with the non‐formalin based fixative Z7 and produced highly satisfactory morphological and molecular assay results, indicating that the US‐FFPE device can also be used with other fixatives.
Association between weight loss response and sleep among overweight women participating in a weight loss intervention trial
Authors: Morrow Kelly L , Ravia Jennifer J , Rock Cheryl L , Zoumas‐Morse Christine , Flatt Shirley W , Cussler Ellen C , Thomson Cynthia A
Published: June 2021

Chronic sleep deprivation (< 7 hours of sleep for more than 3 consecutive days), has been associated with higher BMI and weight gain, possibly secondary to elevated serum cortisol levels. Whether weight loss results in a reduction in cortisol levels and/or improved sleep patterns in overweight adults is unknown. We tested this hypothesis in a cohort subsample of overweight women enrolled in a randomized, controlled, multi‐center weight loss intervention trial (n=144). Subjects were assessed at baseline and 6 months for sleep duration and quality, using the self‐reported Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a.m. serum cortisol levels. Baseline weight among participants was 91.7 ± 10.0 kg (mean + SD). A significant weight loss of 8.1 ± 5.9 kg was observed at 6 months (p <0.0001). PSQI scores were stable from baseline to 6 months (5.2, 5.3, respectively). Regression analysis suggested a small, statistically significant improvement in PSQI score with weight loss at 6 months (p < 0.015), controlling for baseline age, weight and PSQI score. Cortisol levels were stable and within reference normal limits throughout (13.7 ± 6.1 µg/dL). This preliminary analysis suggests that an average weight loss of 8.1 ± 5.7 kg is associated with improved PSQI scores, though not cortisol levels, among overweight adult women. Funded by a contract with Jenny Craig, Inc. and the University of Arizona Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program.

Grant Funding Source

Contract with Jenny Craig, Inc. and University of Arizona Graduate Department
Diet‐Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats
Authors: Zou Mi , Gibbons Colleen , Klenotic Michelle , She Li , Tomlinson Elizabeth , Boustany‐Kari Carine M
Published: June 2021

The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disorders including obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hypertension. It is associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and premature death. Excess dietary fatty acids and fructose are linked to the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its related traits. In order to develop an animal model of the metabolic syndrome, 4‐week old Sprague‐Dawley rats (n=60) were fed one of six diets differing in fatty acids (from 40 to 60%) and carbohydrate content (from 40 to 60%) for 12 weeks. Body weight and food intake were monitored throughout the study. An oral glucose tolerance test and a body composition analysis were performed at the end of the study. A diet providing 60% energy from fat, mostly milk fat and coconut oil, induced the most increase in food intake, weight gain, adiposity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Another diet with 60% energy from milk fat showed the most increased liver triglyceride content and plasma inflammatory cytokines levels (monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 and interleukin‐8). Interestingly, replacement of sucrose by fructose prevented excess adiposity in a diet containing 40% of energy from fat, mainly milk fat. Overall, our data demonstrated that a diet rich in fat (60%) primarily from coconut oil and milk is the most adequate in developing a model of the metabolic syndrome in rats.
Comparison of two 10‐week diet and exercise programs for weight loss in women
Authors: Beavers K , Serra M , Moreillon J , Hudson G , Shelmadine B , Jitomir J , Curts C , Deike E , Byrd M , Culbertson J , Leeke P , Vela F , Rasmussen C , Greenwood M , Campbell J , Beiseigel J , Jonnalagadda S , Kreider R
Published: June 2021

To compare the effects of two diet and exercise programs on weight and body composition, overweight, sedentary women (41±11 y; 33.5±4.5 kg/m2) were randomized into 2 different 10 wk weight loss programs. Group A (n=45) replaced 2 meals/d with Special K® cereal (SK; Kellogg Company), skim milk and fruit for 2 wks, then reduced ~500 kcals/d by eating the SK breakfast and following general diet advice for wks 3‐10. SK cereal bars and general exercise advice were given to group A. Group B (n=45) followed the Curves® program, a 1‐wk 1,200 kcal/d, then a 9‐wk 1,600 kcal/d structured diet, which included whole grain cereals and snack bars (General Mills, Inc.). Group B completed the Curves® 30‐min circuit training 3 d/wk plus walking 4 d/wk. Changes in body weight; body composition (DEXA); and waist and hip circumferences from baseline to wk 10 were compared between groups. Compared to group A, group B lost more weight (‐3.5±5.6; ‐6.8±8.2 lbs; p=0.029); fat mass (‐1.9±3.7; ‐5.9±9.6 lbs; p=0.01); and inches from hips (‐0.08±2.3; ‐1.8±2.9 in; p=0.003) and waist (‐0.2±2.2; ‐1.2±2.3 in; p=0.031). A non‐significant trend for greater loss of % body fat was found for group B vs A (‐0.27±1.7; ‐1.2±2.9%; p=0.06). This study shows that a structured diet and exercise program, like Curves®, is more effective in promoting weight loss and favorable body composition changes over 10 wks. Supported by General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition.
Thresholds for bone loss with energy restriction change with exercise status
Authors: Swift Sibyl , Greene Elizabeth S , De Souza Mary Jane , Bloomfield Susan A
Published: June 2021

Dietary energy deficits leading to weight loss can induce loss of bone. We sought to elucidate whether endurance exercise can mitigate bone loss in virgin female rats subjected to graded energy deficits. After acclimation, 72 rats (5‐mo‐old) were randomized to control groups (ADLIB‐EX & ADLIB‐SED) were fed AIN‐93M ad lib. Energy restricted, exercised groups (ER20‐EX & ER40‐EX) and sedentary energy‐restricted groups (ER20‐SED & ER40‐SED) were fed modified AIN93M with 10%, 30%, 20% and 40% less energy respectively, with 100% of all other nutrients provided. Treadmill running in EX rats increased weekly energy expenditure by 10%. At wks 0 and 12, peripheral quantitative tomography scans assessed volumetric bone mineral density or bone mineral content (BMC) at the midshaft and proximal tibia (PT). DEXA scans assessed changes in body composition and total body BMC. After 12 wk only ER40‐SED rats lost body mass (‐15%), lean mass (‐4%) and total body BMC (‐6%). Fat mass in both ER‐40 groups decreased dramatically (‐68%). The cancellous bone site (PT) was selectively affected by ER, with significant declines in both 40% ER groups. Cort. BMC at mid‐tibia was unaffected by ER. In summary, 20% ER had no negative effect on bone parameters, whereas 40% ER negatively affects cancellous bone in both EX & SED animals. There appears to be a threshold for ER effects on cancellous bone, but total body BMC loss with 40% ER is prevented by exercise.

Grant Funding Source

Dept. of Defense #WSIXWH‐06‐1‐0479
Stress and Health Status in Male Attorneys
Authors: Heidal Kimberly B. , DuBose Katrina D. , Hickner Robert , Choi Myung Dong , Al‐Numair Khalid , Johnson Chad , Stallings Taft
Published: June 2021

Male attorneys (n=33) ages 35‐65 participated in a health assessment. Participants living in a small southern community were recruited from a mailing list (N=173) and completed a short medical health survey and a fasting blood draw. Individuals reported perceived personal and professional stress on a Likert scale from 1‐10 (one being low stress and 10 high stress). Body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels were used to determine health risk. Mean BMI was 26.54±4.42 kg/m2, fasting glucose was 95.13±10.17 mg/dl, insulin was 6.76±7.43 uIU/mL, and triglycerides was 108.71 ± 48.89 mg/dl. About half (46%) of participants had a healthy BMI (18.5‐24.9). Fifteen percent of participants had a history of depression. Participants perceived a healthy weight to be on average 6.36 kg less than their actual body weight (p<0.05). The mean professional stress was 6.97±1.76 and the mean personal stress was 5.58±2.25. While not significant, it appeared that personal stress negatively impacted sleep patterns. Lifestyle choices, including diet and exercise, among individuals in perceived high stress professions may play a role in long term health status. This study indicated that work load and perceived stress may affect sleep patterns.
Analysis of locus‐specific DNA methylation in response to chronic folic acid supplementation and withdrawal in chinese women
Authors: Brant Jason O. , Zhu Jianghui , Quinlivan Eoin , Crider Krista , Berry R. J. , Ling Hao , Zhu Li , Maneval David , Bailey Lynn B. , Yang Thomas P.
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic folic acid supplementation and withdrawal on DNA methylation at specific loci in a Chinese population not previously exposed to dietary folic acid. Women of reproductive age were assigned a daily folic acid intake of 400 µg for 6 mo, and whole blood samples were drawn prior to supplementation, after 6 mo of continuous daily folic acid intake, and 3 mo after folic acid supplementation was withdrawn. Blood DNA from 5 CC and 5 TT MTHFR 677C→Tgenotype subjects was randomly chosen and analyzed for changes in DNA methylation. Previous analysis of global DNA methylation levels demonstrated a significant reduction in methylation after 6 months of supplementation, with an additional decrease after 3 months of withdrawal. To further characterize this decrease in global DNA methylation, the L1 repetitive element and the imprinted SNRPN promoter were analyzed by high resolution sodium bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS) for changes in DNA methylation. Our preliminary data show a near complete loss of methylation at the SNRPN promoter at 6 and 9 months. Methylation levels of L1 elements showed a trend toward loss of methylation during supplementation and after withdrawal. To further assess potential changes in DNA methylation, additional loci are being analyzed by BGS and pyrosequencing. Supported by a collaborative CDC agreement and GCRC Grant # MO1‐RR00082.
Beta2‐adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) genotype is associated with acute effects and withdrawal symptoms of caffeine
Authors: Day Tasevski Erica Lynne , Cahill Leah , Garofalo Francesca , Eny Karen , El‐Sohemy Ahmed
Published: June 2021

Twin studies suggest that genetic variation plays an important role in the interindividual variability in caffeine consumption behaviour and its acute effects and withdrawal symptoms. The objective was to determine if genetic polymorphisms of β2‐adrenergic receptor (ADRβ2), a target of caffeine action, is associated with the self‐reported acute effects experienced within 12 hours of consuming a caffeinated beverage or withdrawal symptoms experienced up to 48 hours after ceasing to consume caffeine. Subjects (196 male, 479 female) aged 20‐29 years completed a caffeine habits questionnaire and provided a blood sample for genotyping a polymorphism in the ADRβ2 gene (rs1042713, 47G>A). Caffeine acute effects and withdrawal symptoms were compared between genotypes using chi‐square tests. In this population, the frequency of the G and A alleles were 55% and 45%, respectively. Subjects with the GG genotype were less likely than those with GA or AA genotypes to experience dizziness up to 12 hours after consuming a caffeinated beverage (3%, 9%, 8%, p=0.01). The proportion of subjects who experience anxiety/nervousness up to 48 hours after ceasing to consume a caffeinated beverage was 7%, 16% and 15% (p=0.05) for the GG, GA and AA genotypes, respectively. These findings suggest that ADRβ2 genotype is associated with certain adverse acute effects of caffeine and withdrawal symptoms.

Grant Funding Source

Advanced Foods and Materials Network
Knocking down selenoprotein T (SelT) alters cell adhesion and elevates selenoprotein W (SelW) expression in murine fibroblast cells.
Authors: Sengupta Aniruddha , Carlson Bradley A , Labunskyy Vyacheslav , Gladyshev Vadim N , Hatfield Dolph L
Published: June 2021

Selenium, a crucial dietary trace element is associated with numerous metabolic pathways and unlike most trace elements which function as cofactors of proteins; it is incorporated into proteins as the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). Proteins having Sec residue are termed selenoproteins. Among the 24 selenoproteins reported in rodents, only half have been functionally characterized, with most being involved in redox reactions. One selenoprotein, whose exact biological function is not yet known, is selenoprotein T (SelT). SelT possesses a CxxU motif and a thioredoxin like fold, owing to which it has recently been assigned to a new protein family Rdx, which is a thioredoxin‐like family. Intracellular localization studies in murine cell lines localize SelT to Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. In an attempt to determine the biological function of SelT, in the present study, we knockdown the expression of SelT in mouse fibroblast cells (NIH3T3) and examined its effect on these cells. Results indicate that knocking down SelT alters cell adhesion and enhances the expression of some stress responsive genes. Interestingly, loss of SelT elevates expression of selenoprotein W (SelW), another member of the Rdx family, which might functionally compensate for SelT. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NCI, CCR and by NIH grants to VNG.
Hepatic fibrosis in mice lacking liver vitamin A stores
Authors: Jiang Hongfeng , Piantedosi Roseann , Blaner William S.
Published: June 2021

Loss of retinyl esters and lipid droplets from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is one of the first events in the development of hepatic fibrosis. Since lecithin:retinol acyltransferase‐deficient (Lrat−/−) mice lack HSC retinyl esters and lipid droplets, we investigated how this absence influences development of CCl4‐induced hepatic fibrosis. We also induced fibrosis in mice lacking diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (Dgat1−/−), an enzyme that can synthesize retinyl esters. Hepatic retinol and retinyl ester contents of CCl4‐treated wild type and Dgat1−/− mice were significantly lower than sham‐treated mice. Trichrome staining and qRT‐PCR indicated that, although liver collagen content increased in all the CCl4‐treated groups, more collagen was present in livers of Lrat−/− and Dgat1−/− mice compared to wild type. We measured mRNA levels by qRT‐PCR of a number of factors implicated in fibrosis development. TGFβ mRNA levels were similarly elevated in all CCl4‐treated groups but levels for Timp1, Cyp2S1 and Cyp26A1 were significantly more upregulated in Lrat−/− and Dgat1−/− mice than in wild type mice. Our data suggest that the absence of HSC vitamin A stores can influence the progression of hepatic fibrosis.
Hepatic oxidative capacity of pre‐ and term pigs receiving parenteral docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid
Authors: Campbell Jenny A , Martin Jessica E , Brockson M. Elizabeth , Melendez Krizia , Lyvers Peffer Pasha A
Published: June 2021

Pigs were delivered by cesarean at 106 and 114d of gestation and umbilical catheters were placed for total parenteral nutrition. Pigs received either a control, a low DHA/AA (.3% and .6% of total lipids as DHA and AA, respectively), or a high DHA/AA (5% and 11 % of total lipids as DHA and AA, respectively) diet. Diets were administered based on piglet weight to promote moderate gain and hepatic oxidative capacity was determined after 6d. Differences were not observed in [1‐14C]‐glucose (5 mM) utilization. There was a tendency for decreased accumulation in 14CO2 using [1‐14C]‐palmitate (1 mM) as the substrate in preterm pigs receiving the high DHA/AA diet in comparison to preterm pigs receiving the low DHA/AA diet (p = 0.06). Whereas preterm pigs receiving the low DHA/AA diet had a tendency for greater accumulation of 14C in ASP compared to pigs administered the control or high DHA/AA diet (p < 0.06), control term pigs displayed a greater accumulation of 14C in ASP compared to pigs receiving DHA/AA supplemented diets (p < 0.05). Accordingly, the accumulation of 14C in ASP was approximately 3 fold greater in term pigs receiving the control diet versus preterm pigs. Collectively, these findings suggest impaired hepatic oxidative capacity in preterm pigs that may be exacerbated by high DHA/AA supplementation. Salaries and research support provided by state and federal funds appropriated to The Ohio State University Ohio Research and Development Center.
A prospective randomized trial to evaluate effectiveness of diabetes management through an integrated delivery system (DMIDS) on glycemic and diet control in primary care setting in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Meng‐Chuan , Shin SJ , Hsu CC , Wang HS , Sun PY , Brenna JT
Published: June 2021

We evaluated the effectiveness of diabetes education in type 2 diabetes n glycemic and diet control in primary care setting in Taiwan. We randomly assigned 157 adult patients with type 2 diabetes to intervention group receiving intensive nutrition education based on guidelines of ADA (n=74) or control group (n=73). After 12 months follow up, only patients with baseline HbA1c greater or equal to 7%, changes of HbA1c (%) (‐0.6 vs 0.0) were significantly different between two groups. After adjusting for confounders, increasing every 15 grams in carbohydrate intake was related to changes of HbA1c at increments of 0.14% (SE=0.04, p=0.001) and receiving intervention (vs control) was marginally associate with changes of HbA1c at increments of ‐0.52% (SE=0.30, p=0.092). Glycemic and dietary improvements can be achieved through diabetes education addressing nutrition aspects in primary care setting in Taiwan. The improvements of glycemic status may be related to changes in diet such as amount of carbohydrate intake.
Nutritional support in severely malnourished children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Vasquez‐Garibay Edgar Manuel , Ramirez‐Magaña Olga Yolanda , Romero‐Velarde Enrique , Ibarra‐Gutierrez Maria Isabel , Troyo‐Sanroman Rogelio
Published: June 2021

Objective

The purpose is to demonstrate that a five‐week‐period of enteral feeding attains an efficient nutritional recovery in children severely malnourished children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods

Information of a clinical assay on 21 subjects was included; 78% had spastic cuadriplejia. All were fed a cow's milk infant or soy protein isolated formula by continuous enteral feeding either by naso‐gastric or gastrostomy via. Subjects were stratified into three subgroups: Group 1 < 5 kg; Group 2 > 5 to = 10 kg and group 3 > 10 kg of weight. A paired student t test for the comparison basal vs. final means was used.

Results

58% were females, 5 subjects under 15, 8 from 12 to 71, 8 from 72 to 120 months and 10 > 120 months of age. The amount of liquids (mL) was higher, final vs. initial mean in groups 1 and 2 (686 vs. 1034, 1222 vs. 1755 respectively) (p < 0.02). There were not differences in the protein and energy intake final vs. basal in any group. At final, groups 1, 2 and 3 were receiving 153, 130, 84 kcal/kg/d and proteins 3.6, 2.8, 1.7 g/kg/d respectively. Direct and indirect anthropometric indicators (weight, height, skin folds, BMI, muscular and fat arm areas) were significant higher in the final vs. basal measurements (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Five weeks of nutritional support were sufficient for attaining a significantly nutritional recovery in severely malnourished children with CP when they were stratified by weight instead of age.
A content analysis of food advertisements on television during children's prime time
Authors: Hyun Taisun H , Bae Eun‐A , Han Young‐Hee , Yon Miyong
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the contents of food advertisements on TV during children's prime time. Food advertisements were examined on four television stations from 5 pm to 7 pm for a week in 2007. During the period, 62 unique food advertisements were aired a total of 201 times. Of the total 201 advertisements, the confectionary group was the most frequently advertised (33.3%), followed by food service restaurants (19.4%) and non‐alcoholic beverages (18.9%). When the advertisements were categorized according to the target consumer group, those targeting 'general consumers and adults' were 61.7% and those targeting 'children' were 22.9%. The advertisements targeting children mostly featured animation characters, celebrities and peers. The most often used technique (41.9%) of the advertisements targeting children was a promotional offer which directed children's attention to free toys. Advertised foods from 53.2% of 201 advertisements were incompatible with dietary guidelines for children. These results indicate that food advertisements exposed during children's prime time may have negative impacts on children's healthy food choices. Therefore, efforts should be made to establish a better food advertising environment for children by monitoring and controlling food advertisements.
Cardiometabolic plasticity in young Hispanic and nonHispanic white adults in response to diet and exercise
Authors: Schmidt Stacy L , Pfaffenbach Kyle T , McCabe Kathryn M , Klamer Holly , Botero Maria , Hickey Matt S , Melby Chris L
Published: June 2021

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are more prevalent in Hispanics (H) than nonHispanic whites (NHW) in the US, suggesting that H may be less responsive to the same lifestyle intervention as NHW. We therefore compared the effects of a short term exercise and low saturated fat, low sugar diet intervention on T2D and MetS risk factors in H and NHW sedentary adults. Participants (20 NHW: 11F, 9M, age=23.0 y, BMI=25.5; 17 H: 13F, 4M, age=22.7, BMI=25.4) consumed their habitual diets and remained sedentary for 7 days, after which an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed. Subjects then completed a 7 day diet/exercise intervention (6 sessions, 40 min/session at 65% VO2 max) followed by a second IVGTT ~16 h later. Pre intervention insulin sensitivity (Si) was lower in H, improved proportionately with the lifestyle intervention, but remained lower than NHW following the intervention (IAUC µU*min/L pre, post: H = 2298, 1635; NHW = 1795, 1211). Despite lower Si, pre test lipids were no different in H compared to NHW, but improved in both groups (total cholesterol mg/dl: H: pre = 150, post = 135, NHW = 162, 147; LDL‐C mg/dl: H = 102, 97; NHW = 107, 95; Small dense LDL particles nmol/L: H: = 423, 393; NHW = 408, 349). These data suggest that despite higher risk for T2D and MetS, young H adults are as metabolically responsive as NHW to a short term diet/exercise intervention.

Funding: CO Ag Expt Station (CLM, MSH)

Grant Funding Source

Colorado Agriculture Experiment Station
Farm at the Pantry: A Produce Intervention Program Implemented to Improve the Produce Access, Intake, and Health of Low‐Income, Appalachian Families Participating in Food Pantries
Authors: Vardell Marjorie , Holben David H , Holcomb John P
Published: June 2021

After Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, 50 households (HH) using a local rural food bank were recruited to examine the impact of a produce intervention program on the HH food access, health, and produce intake of low‐income families living in Appalachian Ohio. Utilizing a one group pre‐and post‐test design, participants were interviewed before and after the intervention program to access the impact the program had on the household's food access, health, and produce intake. The survey included previously validated items from the SF‐12 health questionnaire, the six‐item short form of the U.S. household food security survey module, and the psychosocial indicators of fruit and vegetable intake in low income communities questionnaire and food behavior checklist for a limited resource audience. A produce intervention program was then implemented for three consecutive winter months, in which $75 of fresh produce was distributed to participants at the food pantry for household use. Participants were dropped from the study if they experienced a food allergy or if they voluntarily quit. All data were tabulated and analyzed using the Statistical Program of the Social Sciences (SPSS). This poster summarizes those results.
Impact of Community‐based Program on Bone‐Health Behaviors
Authors: Plawecki Karen , Blankenberger Abby , Evans Ellen , Chapman‐Novakofski Karen
Published: June 2021

The objective of this research was to determine the impact of an eight week education program targeting bone‐healthy diet and physical activity in adults over 50. Participants (n=69) were randomized into treatment (n=35) or control (n=34). There was no difference in demographics, except for gender (p=0.01). Mean age was 65.5 + 9.6 years; mean bone mineral density was 0.52 +0.1 g/cm2. Most were female (83%), white (90%), retired (53%), with some college education (77%), non‐smoking (99%), and took supplements (90%). Of those who took supplements, most chose a product with calcium (89%). Although most had no history of osteoporosis (67%), almost all had a bone scan (81%). Heel ultrasound results included 26% with T‐score < ‐1 and 6% > 1. Dietary intake was assessed using 24‐hour recalls and calcium‐targeted food frequencies. Activity level was assessed by pedometers, heel drops and balance evaluation. Within the treatment group, the 24‐recall pre‐post paired data revealed no differences in calcium intake between any food group (dairy, foods with dairy, fruit, vegetable, grains, meats, others), but a significant difference in total calcium (786+470 vs. 1054+428, p=.003). Although 42% decreased their steps, 58% increased, with a significant difference (p=.000) between baseline and programmatic mean steps (6685+2972 vs. 7423+2697). The treatment arm of this program was successful in increasing calcium and steps.
Determinants of fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c among Latinos with type 2 diabetes: DIALBEST trial preliminary results
Authors: Kollannoor Samuel Grace , Fernandez M. L , Chhabra J , Vega‐López S , Segura‐Pérez S , Damio G , Calle M , D'Agostino D , Pérez‐Escamilla R
Published: June 2021

This study examines factors associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c in 159 Latino participants with type 2 diabetes. The baseline survey collected data on socio‐demographics, diet (FFQ and 24 h recall), anthropometry, exercise, medication, food insecurity, acculturation and depression. The participants on average were 57 ± 12 y, 75% were women, 71% had less than high school education, 84% were Puerto Rican and 90% were overweight or obese. Values above median for FPG (177.5 mg/dL) and HbA1c (9.3%) were considered to be indicative of poorer glycemic control. Bivariate chi‐square analyses showed that higher FPG levels were associated with being single (p =.01), higher food stamp assistance (p=.02), inadequate physical activity (p =.02), meal skipping (breakfast, p =.002; dinner, p =.04), waist circumference >88cm in women (p=.06), higher acculturation (p =.03) and higher depression score (p=.01). 24 h recall results showed that subjects with higher intakes of total energy (p=.03), starch (p=.003), sucrose (p=.05) and fructose (p=.03) had poor FPG control. Poor HbA1c control was associated with higher food stamp assistance (p=.05), lack of medical insurance (p=.03) and middle age range (41‐ 60 y, p=.05). Food security and medication did not show significant association with glycemic status. Findings indicate that HbA1c and FPG had different determinants. Funded by NIH‐NCMHD grant # P20MD001765.