bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A vasculogenesis model based on flow-induced stresses on endothelial cells
Authors: Abdi Pooya , Vahidi Bahman
Published: May 2022

Vascular network formation and sustenance in both normal and pathological froms of angiogenesis has been a focus of research in developmental biology. The assembly and remodeling of vascular structures play major roles in numerous pathologies, including the angiogenesis of tumors. Endothelial morphogenesis is dependent on a number of chemical and mechanical stimuli and cell–cell signaling. To understand the nature of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, many models have been developed to simulate these phenomena based on the defined responses of endothelial cells to these stimuli. Among the mechanical signals affecting these cells, flow-related stresses, including shear stress, play a major role in migration, elongation, attachment to the matrix and neighboring cells, and eventually the morphogenesis of vascular networks. Here, we proposed a model to describe the cellular responses to shear and tensile stress induced by fluid flow, which can describe some of the morphological behaviors observed in in vitro and in vivo studies. The lattice Boltzmann method was utilized to model the flow, and the cellular Potts model was used to simulate the cellular responses to the flow. This model is based on the hypothesis that endothelial cell binding energy to the matrix is regulated by shear stress and tensile stress acting on the attachment site and is increased by shear stress and decreased by tensile stress. It was demonstrated that these rules can predict the development of vascular networks and the sustenance of lumens and regression in the low flow regions. The results of this study can be further improved to investigate endothelial dysfunctions, such as atherosclerosis, as well as tumor angiogenesis and vascular permeability, which are directly related to the flow rate and endothelial responses to shear stresses.
Triple-helix potential of the mouse genome
Authors: Maekawa Kaku , Yamada Shintaro , Sharma Rahul , Chaudhuri Jayanta , Keeney Scott
Published: May 2022

Significance

H-DNA is a non–B-form DNA structure containing intramolecular triplex and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) regions. H-DNA–forming motifs include polypyrimidine•polypurine mirror repeat sequences, which occur frequently in eukaryotic genomes. These motifs have biological impacts on genome stability and processes such as replication and transcription, but their non-B DNA-forming potentials are not fully understood. Here, we show that the triplex-forming potential of H-DNA motifs in the mouse genome can be evaluated by a deep-sequencing technology that uses the ssDNA-specific nuclease S1 to detect ssDNA. It is currently unclear whether the H-DNA detected formed in vitro or was already present in vivo. Nevertheless, this study provides an approach to unveiling structural features of intramolecular triplexes genome-wide at high spatial resolution.
Korean pop culture reshaping Korean teaching
Authors: Kriukova Olga
Published: May 2022

Korean pop culture is becoming more and more popular outside of Korea and Asia. This trend draws enormous
attention to Korean culture, history, and of course, the language. Surveys show that more and more people are learning the
language precisely because of their love for Korean pop culture. Such a tendency could not but affect how Korean is taught. In
this article, I will look into how the syllabus, teaching methods, and materials used in the KFL classrooms have changed under the
influence of Korean pop culture. Moreover, in order to identify if the use of materials related to pop culture can benefit
students’ motivation and performance, I conducted an experiment with two groups of students, all starting their beginner-level
course (three months). The results of the study showed how the use of such materials in the classroom can affect students’
motivation and attitude toward learning.
Complete recovery of quadriceps muscle peripheral fatigue after running in Olympic, but not Sprint, triathlon
Authors: Andrade Vinicius Ferreira Dos Santos , Cabral Luana Loss , Silva Caroline Kêmela Da , Mayor John Jairo Villarejo , Rodacki André Luiz Félix , Lima‐Silva Adriano E. , Pereira Gleber
Published: May 2022

This study compared central and peripheral fatigue development between the Sprint and Olympic distance triathlon. Fifteen male triathletes performed Sprint and Olympic triathlon simulations in a randomized and counterbalanced order. Central and peripheral fatigue was evaluated from changes in voluntary activation level (VAL) and twitch responses of quadriceps muscle (Qtw,pot), respectively. Qtw,pot reduced from baseline to post‐swimming similarly between triathlon simulations (Sprint,−17 11%; Olympic, −13 9%). In post‐cycling, Qtw,pot further declined to a similar extent between triathlon distances (Sprint, −31 15%; Olympic, −28 11%). In post‐running, Qtw,pot was fully recovered in the Olympic triathlon (−4 10%), whereas there was only a partial recovery of Qtw,pot in the Sprint triathlon (−20 11%). VAL was not reduced in post‐swimming, but reduction was similar between triathlon distances in post‐cycling (Sprint, −10 9%; Olympic, −8 8%) and post‐running (Sprint, −15 14%; Olympic, −16 8%). In the Sprint triathlon, the swimming speed (1.07 0.13m.s−1) was above (p . 001) critical speed (1.01 0.14m.s−1), the cycling power (179.7 27.2W) was below the respiratory compensation point (216.3 27.8W, p . 001) and running speed (13.7 1.05km.h−1) similar to the respiratory compensation point (13.2 0.70km.h−1, p . 124). In the Olympic triathlon, swimming speed (1.03 0.13m.s−1) was similar to critical speed (p . 392), and cycling power (165.3 27.3W) and running speed (12.6 1.05km.h−1) were below the respiratory compensation point (p . 007). In conclusion, peripheral fatigue progressed until post‐cycling regardless of triathlon distances. However, peripheral fatigue was fully recovered after running in Olympic but not in Sprint triathlon. The central fatigue started in post‐cycling and progressed until post‐running regardless of triathlon distances.

Highlights

The quadriceps muscle peripheral fatigue progresses similarly in Sprint and Olympic triathlons until post‐cycling.

The quadriceps muscle peripheral fatigue is completely recovered after running in the Olympic triathlon, whereas it is partially recovered in the Sprint triathlon.

The central fatigue starts in post‐cycling and progresses similarly until post‐running in Sprint and Olympic triathlons, regardless of triathlon distances.
Study of structure-property relationship of semiconductor nanomaterials by off-axis electron holography
Authors: Li Luying , Cheng Yongfa , Liu Zunyu , Yan Shuwen , Li Li , Wang Jianbo , Zhang Lei , Gao Yihua
Published: May 2022

As the scaling down of semiconductor devices, it would be necessary to discover the structure-property relationship of semiconductor nanomaterials at nanometer scale. In this review, the quantitative characterization technique off-axis electron holography is introduced in details, followed by its applications in various semiconductor nanomaterials including group IV, compound and two-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures in static states as well as under various stimuli. The advantages and disadvantages of off-axis electron holography in material analysis are discussed, the challenges facing in-situ electron holographic study of semiconductor devices at working conditions are presented, and all the possible influencing factors need to be considered to achieve the final goal of fulfilling quantitative characterization of the structure-property relationship of semiconductor devices at their working conditions.
Recent progress on advanced transmission electron microscopy characterization for halide perovskite semiconductors
Authors: Wu Xiaomei , Ke Xiaoxing , Sui Manling
Published: May 2022

Halide perovskites are strategically important in the field of energy materials. Along with the rapid development of the materials and related devices, there is an urgent need to understand the structure–property relationship from nanoscale to atomic scale. Much effort has been made in the past few years to overcome the difficulty of imaging limited by electron dose, and to further extend the investigation towards operando conditions. This review is dedicated to recent studies of advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterizations for halide perovskites. The irradiation damage caused by the interaction of electron beams and perovskites under conventional imaging conditions are first summarized and discussed. Low-dose TEM is then discussed, including electron diffraction and emerging techniques for high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) imaging. Atomic-resolution imaging, defects identification and chemical mapping on halide perovskites are reviewed. Cryo-TEM for halide perovskites is discussed, since it can readily suppress irradiation damage and has been rapidly developed in the past few years. Finally, the applications of in-situ TEM in the degradation study of perovskites under environmental conditions such as heating, biasing, light illumination and humidity are reviewed. More applications of emerging TEM characterizations are foreseen in the coming future, unveiling the structural origin of halide perovskite’s unique properties and degradation mechanism under operando conditions, so to assist the design of a more efficient and robust energy material.
Production and characterization of a coconut oil incorporated gelatin-based film and its potential biomedical application
Authors: Karamanlioglu Mehlika , Yesilkir-Baydar Serap
Published: May 2022

The influence of coconut oil (CO) on a gelatin-based film was investigated when used as a potential wound dressing material. There is limited study on CO in protein-based wound dressing materials. Therefore, in this study a self-supporting, continuous and homogenous CO incorporated gelatin-based film was formulated and obtained by solution casting method. The influence of CO on physicochemical and thermal properties of gelatin-based film was also determined. Moreover, the effect CO in gelatin films on cell viability and cell migration was analysed with a preliminary cell culture study. Homogenous dispersion of 10% (w/w) CO was obtained in films when 3% (v/w) Tween 80, a surfactant, was incorporated to 20% (w/w) plasticized gelatin film forming solution. Effect of CO on gelatin-based film was observed via phase separation by scanning electron microscopy analysis. Water uptake of gelatin film with no CO, GE film; and 10% (w/w) CO incorporated GE film, GE-CO, were 320% and 210%, respectively, after 3 h in water. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed triglyceride component of CO and increased hydrogen bonding between NH groups of gelatin in GE-CO films. Differential scanning calorimetry results suggested a more ordered structure of GE-CO film due to an increase in melt-like transition temperature and melting enthalpy of GE-CO film. CO content also increased cell viability, assessed by XTT assay since cell viability was approximately 100% when L929 cell culture was incubated with GE-CO of 5–100 μg ml−1. Moreover, GE-CO samples within 5–25 μg ml−1concentration range, increased proliferation of L929 cells since cell viability was significantly higher than the 100% viable cell culture control (P< 0.05) which is also an indication of efficient healing. However, GE decreased viability of L929 cells significantly at 100–10 μg ml−1concentration range (P< 0.05) and were toxic at concentrations of 100, 75 and 50 μg ml−1which decreased ∼50% of the viability of the cells. Scratch Assay to assessin vitrowound healing showed cell migration towards scratch after 24 h as an indication of wound healing only in GE-CO samples. This study showed that, CO could efficiently be added to gelatin-based films for preparation of a primary wound dressing biomaterial which is also demonstrated to have a promising wound healing effect for minor wounds.
Periodic decadal swings in dry/wet conditions over Central Asia
Authors: Liu Yusen , Sun Cheng , Hao Zengchao , He Bian
Published: May 2022

Periodic variability in the hydro-climatic system has important implications not only for climate prediction but also for planning and managing water resources. Here we identify periodic decadal variability of dry/wet conditions in Central Asia (CA) since the mid-20th century, which are tied to the Pacific quasi-decadal oscillation (PQDO) with a period of 8–16 years (r = 0.87). The periodically varying forcing in the Pacific modulates zonal winds and moisture transport and profoundly affects the precipitation on the decadal time scale. The PQDO-related equatorial central Pacific warming significantly heats the overlying troposphere, increasing the meridional temperature/geopotential gradients in the subtropics. As a result, the strengthened westerly jet in CA transports more water vapor from the North Atlantic and increases local precipitation. The plateau to the east further amplifies the increased precipitation in eastern CA through orographic influence on the convection and large-scale circulation. The atmospheric model forced by the PQDO signal reproduces an overall consistent mechanism with the observation, indicating a robust synchronization of the Central Asian hydro-climatic system to the PQDO. The newly discovered oscillatory feature in this study may advance the predictability of Central Asian precipitation on the decadal time scale, which promotes the mitigation and prevention of natural disasters like droughts and wildfires.
Standing waves on quantum graphs
Authors: Kairzhan Adilbek , Noja Diego , Pelinovsky Dmitry E
Published: May 2022

We review evolutionary models on quantum graphs expressed by linear and nonlinear partial differential equations. Existence and stability of the standing waves trapped on quantum graphs are studied by using methods of the variational theory, dynamical systems on a phase plane, and the Dirichlet-to-Neumann mappings.
Fingering instability of active nematic droplets
Authors: Alert Ricard
Published: May 2022

From the mitotic spindle up to tissues and biofilms, many biological systems behave as active droplets, which often break symmetry and change shape spontaneously. Here, I show that active nematic droplets can experience a fingering instability. I consider an active fluid that acquires nematic order through anchoring at the droplet interface, and I predict its morphological stability in terms of three dimensionless parameters: the anchoring angle, the penetration length of nematic order compared to droplet size, and an active capillary number. Droplets with extensile (contractile) stresses and planar (homeotropic) anchoring are unstable above a critical activity or droplet size. This instability is interfacial in nature: it arises through the coupling of active flows with interface motion, even when the bulk instability of active nematics cannot take place. In contrast to the dynamic states characteristic of active matter, the instability could produce static fingering patterns. The number of fingers increases with activity but varies non-monotonically with the nematic penetration length. Overall, these results pave the way towards understanding the self-organized shapes of biological systems, and towards designing patterns in active materials.
Sheep Production Management System to Harness Genetic Resources: A case in Bangun Karso Farm, Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: Shiddieqy M I , Priyono
Published: May 2022

Sheep farming in Indonesia has a major challenge of low productivity. The demand of domestic market for sheep is increasing over time. This study aimed to assess the production management systems to improve the livelihood of sheep farming. The method was descriptive with case study in Bangun Karso Farm, Bogor, Indonesia. Data related to farm management were collected in the farm. The description on sheep production was conducted on sustainable farming practices, breeding program and feeding system. The farm keeps fat-tailed sheep (FTS), thin-tailed sheep (TTS), and crossbreed of FTS and TTS with temperate breed. The purposes of sheep farming were fattening and breeding. It has total 374 sheep from various breeds and ages. The sheep that use for breeding were 167 sheep. The result showed that with the current sheep production management system, it is possible to maintain genetic diversity. The study suggests that planned and controlled cross-breeding are important to prevent the dilution of sheep genetic resources.
Utilization of Vinasse-Molasses in The Finishing Ration on Growth Performance of Peranakan Ongole Cattle
Authors: Fassah DM , Nuraini NN , Khotijah L , Komalasari K , Suharti S , Astuti D A , Wiryawan K G , Sudarman A , Diapari D
Published: May 2022

Vinasse-molasses, the residue of condensed molasses is a co-product of sugar production. It is not reused in manufacturing process and become polluted. However, Its contents of 48-60% of sugar and high in potassium and sulphates. This study was to evaluate Vinasse-molasses utilization as a replacer of molasses in finishing ration on the growth performance of Peranakan Ongole Cattle. A total of 10 Peranakan Ongole cattle (initial body weight of 209 ± 21 kg) were assigned to molasses group or Vinasse-molasses group. The experiment period was lasted 68 days, preceded by 14 days adaptation period. The experimental diet was composed of 20% forage and 80% concentrate containing 15% molasses or Vinasse-molasses. Parameters observed including final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), total dry matter intake (DMI), forage intake, concentrate intake, feed efficiency (FE), and income over feed cost (IOFC). The Vinasse-molasses reduced (P<0.05) DMI and concentrate intake followed by IOFC increased (P<0.01) of cattle. However, Vinasse-molasses did not affect (P>0.05) FBW, ADG, forage intake, and FE. It can be concluded that Vinasse-molasses can be utilize as feed ingredient to replace molasses in finishing ration to support the sustainability of beef production.
Nutritional Analysis of Mangrove Leaves (Rhizophora apiculata) Soaking with Lime Water for Ruminants Feed
Authors: Sari R W W , Jamarun N , Arief  , Pazla R , Yanti G , Ikhlas Z
Published: May 2022

Mangrove leaves (Rhizophora apiculata) has potential as animal feed because their had high protein content around 11,72%. Mangrove leaves contain anti-nutritional substances in the form of tannins. Tannins are antinutrient compounds that bind to proteins, carbohydrates (cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin), vitamins and minerals. Boiling can reduce the content of tannins and other anti-nutrients because phenolics are soluble in hot water and lime can hydrolyze tannins causing the active phenolic tannin groups to become inactive. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of boiling time on the nutritional content of mangrove leaves. The treatments given soaking with lime water 10 minute, the treatment consist of : A : control, B : 5% lime, C : 10% lime, D : 15% lime. The research method used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The best result of this research was B Treatment with 5% lime which resulted in the nutritional value includes 93,32% dry matter, 7,934% ash, 92,066% organic matter, 8,16% crude protein, 15,91% crude fiber, 3,812% crude fat, 27,64% acid detergent fiber, 35,86% neutral detergent fiber, 13,15% 13,15% cellulose, 8,22% hemicellulose, and 13,05% lignin.
In vitro Gas Production of Sorghum-Indigofera Forage-Based Complete Feed for Ruminants
Authors: Somanjaya R , Imanudin O , Turohman S M , Fuah A M , Rahayu S , Abdullah L , Setiadi M A
Published: May 2022

Making a palatable complete feed formulation has a good effect on ruminant productivity, and eco-friendly feed is a solution step in sustainable livestock production. The aims of this study were to evaluate the quality of complete feed based on forage sorghum-Indigofera on the in-vitro of gas production and nutrient digestibility value. Three feed compositions consisting of forage silage of sorghum, Indigofera hay, and rice bran were mixed as SI feed and field grass (FG) as control. All the experimental feeds were replicated five times, then gas production and nutrient digestibility were tested in in-vitro. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and further tested using Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that the complete feed composition SI2 and SI3 lower N-NH3 (p<0.05) than SI1 and FG. Meanwhile, the VFA content increased (p<0.05) along with the Indigofera hay. The value of pH and the number of gas production from the feed did not differ. All SI complete feed compositions had better nutrient digestibility values (p<0.05) than FG. It can be concluded that complete feed based on forage sorghum-Indigofera is an eco-friendly feed because it can reduce N-NH3 gas and total gas production without reducing the digestibility value of feed nutrients.
Potential and Productivity of Natural Forage as Feed for Beef Cattle under Oil Palm Plantations in Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province
Authors: Susanti A E , Priyanto  , Muladno  , Astuti D A , Cyrilla L
Published: May 2022

The availability of feed is one of the prerequisites for the sustainability of the beef cattle development program. This study aimed to review the potential and productivity of natural forage under oil palm plantations. Data were taken in Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province, from March to June 2021. The sampling was conducted on 3 hectares plantations using tools measuring 1 m x 1 m; therefore, there were 30 samples for each oil palm age. The highest and lowest biomass productivity was at 5 years-age of 11,644 kg ha-1, and 2,144.46 kg ha-1, respectively. The highest and lowest weight of dry forage matter was at 5 and 15 years-age of 2918 kg ha-1 and 699.49 kg ha-1. Musi Banyuasin’s oil palm farms can supply cattle feed for 1.56 AU ha-1 and accommodate 489,845.06 AU before production. In the grazing system, one hectare of oil palm plantations can provide cattle feed for 0.37-0.47 AU ha-1 and accommodate about 117,423.57-147,925.04 AU. Therefore, oil palm plantations in Musi Banyuasin have a good potential for beef cattle development with an integrated system to preserve the environment.
Inclusion of Different Level Leucaena in Dairy Ration to Balance Rumen Degradable and Undegradable Protein Ratio
Authors: Permana I G , Despal  , Rosmalia A , Rahayu M D
Published: May 2022

Sustainability use of expensive protein source in a dairy ration requires ration formulation based on rumen degradable and undegradable protein ratio (RDUP). It improves the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis and less feed residue to the environment. Providing less expensive green protein sources such as leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) is also an alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dairy ration based on RDUP with leucaena addition on in vitro fermentability and digestibility. This study was conducted in a 4 x 3 factorial randomized block design. Factor 1 was RDUP levels (R1= 60:40; R2= 55:45; R3= 50:50; R4= 45:55) and factor 2 was Leucaena addition (L1= 10%; L2= 20%; L3= 30%). The data were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by the Duncan test. The result showed that increasing RDUP levels increased NH3 concentration and dry matter digestibility. Treatment L2 resulted in a high NH3 concentration compared to other L treatments. The combination of R1 with L2 and L3 resulted in the highest total VFA concentration than other treatments. Protozoa population increased with increasing leucaena in the ration. It is concluded that dairy ration with 60:40 rumen degradable protein to undegradable protein ratio and 20% leucaena can improve ruminal fermentation and digestibility.
Ruminai Macro Mineral Solubility of Indigofera zollingeriana Top-Leaves from Plants with Different Planting Density Using In Vitro Technique
Authors: Ernawati A , Abdullah L
Published: May 2022

Indigofera zollingeriana is a tremendous potential forage plant due to its high nutrient content and potential to be a protein and mineral source in a sustainable system. Mineral fulfillment in ruminants is determined by their bioavailability. This study evaluated the ruminal macro mineral solubility of I. zollingeriana growing with different planting densities. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three different planting densities, 8000plants/ha, 13333plants/ha, 20000plants/ha, and 3 replicates. An in vitro experiment evaluated macrominerals solubility and incubated in rumen liquor at 0,3,6,12,24,48, and 72 h. The results showed that increased planting densities significantly(P<0.05) decreased DM degradability. Planting density also gave various effects on the level of kinetic parameters, effective solubility(ES), and solubility of macro minerals(P<0.05). The plant of 8000 to 13333plants/ha has a higher Ca and Mg solubility, kinetic parameters, and ES of macro minerals compared to the density of 20000plants/ha. Based on these results, it can be concluded that higher bioavailability of macro minerals is obtained from populations of 8000 to 13333plants/ha, so that the planting of I. zollingeriana needs to be carried out with a population of 8000 to 13333plants/ha to produce forage macro mineral biomass and can be utilized by livestock optimally.
Evaluation of Probiotics as an Alternative a Substitute for Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP) on Carcass Percentage and Physical Quality of Broiler’s Meat
Authors: Mutia Rita , Ardani Laily Rinda , Hermana Widya
Published: May 2022

The addition probiotics brings several benefit including protect the environment by reducing ammonia gas. This research aims to evaluate probiotics as a substitute for AGP on carcass percentage and physical quality of broiler’s meat. This experiment used 300 Lohmann broilers day old chick (DOC) is divided into 3 groups of treatment and 5 replications in each treatment during the 35 days. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments, there are P0: (basal diet); P1: (P0 + AGP zinc bacitracin 0.04%); P2: (P0 + probiotics in drinking water). The parameters measured were carcass percentage, pH, tenderness, meat cooking loss, water holding capacity and organoleptic. All data collected within the present study were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and if there were significant differences further tests needed to be performed with Duncan’s multiple range test by SPSS version 25. The results showed that the probiotics not significantly (P>0.05) influenced carcass percentage, pH, cooking loss, and organoleptic values include aroma and flavor of broiler’s meat. The probiotics significantly (P<0.05) influenced tenderness, water holding capacity and organoleptic value including texture of broiler’s meat. From these results, it can be concluded that probiotics increased the tenderness of meat and water binding capacity. Probiotics also influence the consumer’s taste for the texture of broiler meat. The AGP can be replaced by probiotics for broilers.
Chemical Quality and Amino Acid Profile of Liver Nuggets Using Different Flours
Authors: Amertaningtyas D , Evanuarini H , Apriliyani MW
Published: May 2022

Liver is a by-product that can be used as raw material for nuggets because it has the nutrients needed for growth especially for children. Processing liver into nuggets is a diversification effort. Different flours used will produce different final products. The purpose of this research was to determine the chemical quality and amino acid profile of liver nuggets with different flours as filler agents. The research materials were fresh chicken and beef liver, cornstarch and sago flour in the same formula. There were 4 research treatments consisting of AM (cornstarch chicken liver), AS (sago flour chicken liver), SA (cornstarch beef liver) and SS (sago flour Beef liver). The variables consisted of levels of fat, cholesterol, iron, protein and amino acids profile. The research method used was an experiment design with a nested experiment design with 5 replications. The results showed that the treatments gave highly significant differences (P<0.01) on fat, cholesterol, iron, protein content and some of the essential amino acids. The best quality nugget was liver nuggets made from beef liver using cornstarch which was contain 21.77% fat, 31.42% protein, 8.31mg/100g zinc but it has 188.64 mg/100g cholesterol.
Research on the applicability of color vision-based roughness inspection method
Authors: Yi Huaian , Fang Runji , Wang Shuai , Niu Yilun , Jiao Yanming
Published: May 2022

This study was designed to address the issue that the machine vision-based measurement method of surface roughness based on color information cannot be universally applicable to different machining processes and materials. To this end, the performance of the average color difference (CD) and five typical spectrum indices in the characterization of the surface roughness of two representative texture processes, namely milling and grinding, were explored in the present study. The research results proved that the CD had a stronger correlation with surface roughness and a better robustness to the incident angle than spectrum indices, and the cause for the correlation of index with milling sample being weaker than that with grinding sample was studied from the mechanism. Besides, the correlation between the CD and the surface roughness of different materials was investigated. The results showed that the correlation between roughness and the CD of different materials was stable under different incident angles and ambient light noise. However, the differences in the mathematical relationship models between the indices and the roughness of different materials proved that the materials had a mathematical nature effect on color information detection roughness. In conclusion, this experiment validates the effectiveness of machine vision-based roughness inspection method based on color information and common light sources.
Optimisation of cutting parameters in face milling of cryogenic treated 6061 aluminium alloy and effects on surface roughness, wear, and cutting temperatures
Authors: Bektaş Berat Serhat , Samtaş Gürcan
Published: May 2022

In addition to its usage in the defence industry, 6061 aluminium is prevalent in heavy industries like the aviation, shipbuilding and space industries. In this study, cryogenic processing was applied on the 6061-T651 aluminium alloy and the cutting inserts used, face milling procedures were carried out, and the effects of cutting parameters were examined. For the face milling procedure, cutting inserts with three different coatings (coated with TiN-TiCN-Al2O3by CVD technique, coated with TiAlN-Nano by PVD technique, and coated with AlTiN by PVD technique), three different cutting speeds (250, 350 and 450 m min−1) and three different feed rates (0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 mm tooth−1) were used. The Taguchi method was used for experimental design and optimisation, and by selecting the Taguchi L9 (33) orthogonal array, nine experiments were carried out. Surface roughness and flank wear were measured after each experiment while cutting zone temperatures were measured during the experiments. The values obtained from the experiments were optimised and assessed with analysis of variance (ANOVA), three-dimensional plots, and the regression method. After the experiments, the lowest surface roughness, flank wear, and cutting temperatures were successfully optimised with the Taguchi method. The R2 values of the mathematical models for these three parameters were obtained as 100%.
Beam-driven dynamics of aluminium dopants in graphene
Authors: Zagler Georg , Stecher Maximilian , Trentino Alberto , Kraft Fabian , Su Cong , Postl Andreas , Längle Manuel , Pesenhofer Christian , Mangler Clemens , Harriet Åhlgren E , Markevich Alexander , Zettl Alex , Kotakoski Jani , Susi Toma , Mustonen Kimmo
Published: May 2022

Substituting heteroatoms into graphene can tune its properties for applications ranging from catalysis to spintronics. The further recent discovery that covalent impurities in graphene can be manipulated at atomic precision using a focused electron beam may open avenues towards sub-nanometer device architectures. However, the preparation of clean samples with a high density of dopants is still very challenging. Here, we report vacancy-mediated substitution of aluminium into laser-cleaned graphene, and without removal from our ultra-high vacuum apparatus, study their dynamics under 60 keV electron irradiation using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy. Three- and four-coordinated Al sites are identified, showing excellent agreement with ab initio predictions including binding energies and electron energy loss spectrum simulations. We show that the direct exchange of carbon and aluminium atoms predicted earlier occurs under electron irradiation, although unexpectedly it is less probable than the same process for silicon. We also observe a previously unknown nitrogen–aluminium exchange that occurs at Al–N double-dopant sites at graphene divacancies created by our plasma treatment.
Solidification structure and high temperature oxidation resistance of nano titanium dioxide TiO2 added Inconel 718 deposits by arc melt
Authors: Chen Cuixin , Li Xinhang , Liu Baoxi , Zuo Yuqiang , Liu Kailun , Guo Weibing , Xue Haitao , Yin Fuxing
Published: May 2022

In order to refine the microstructure of Inconel 718 and achieve high performance, nanometer TiO2 particles (nano-TiO2) were adopted to modify the solidification structure. After pretreating nano-TiO2, oxide added 718 nickel alloy were prepared by using arc melting technology, and the microstructure and oxidation behavior were investigated in detail. The results show that the microstructures of Inconel 718 alloys with different content of nano-TiO2 are all dendritic-like, and the size of dendrite gradually decreases and the shape tends to become equiaxed grain with the increase of TiO2 content. The grain refinement effect is best for 0.6%TiO2 added alloy. The precipitated phases become finer and more uniform due to grain refinement. The high temperature oxidation experiments of Inconel 718 alloy with different volume fractions of TiO2 show that the main oxides are Cr2O3, accompanying with some Nb-Fe oxides. With the decrease of grain size, the size of oxides gradually decreases, and the oxidation layers are more and more compact, which effectively improves the oxidation resistance.
Photostability of benzodithiophene based polymer: effect of PC60BM and intermolecular interactions
Authors: Bekri Nika , Asmare Eninges , Mammo Wendimagegn , Tegegne Newayemedhin A
Published: May 2022

Organic solar cells working under continuous light irradiation are prone to photo-induced degradation. Photostabilities of benzodithiophene-alt-2-decyltetradecyl substituted isoindigo (PBDTI-DT) copolymer in solution, and as pristine film, and a PBDTI-DT:PC60BM bulk hetero-junction (BHJ) film were investigated for more than 70 h under simulated AM 1.5 solar irradiation. The photodegradation kinetics studied in standalone polymer chains were found to be fast due to the absence of intermolecular interaction while the inter-chain interaction in the polymer films kept the backbone intact against light-induced degradation. Further addition of PC60BM in the polymer made the BHJ film more stable as PC60BM serves as photoprotective layer and radical scavenger. This conclusion was supported by the similar XRD traces of PBDTI-DT:PC60BM film during degradation while the traces of the pristine film indicated bleaching and shifted with increasing photon stress. In addition, the absorption of PBDTI-DT:PC60BM and pristine PBDTI-DT films were reduced to 80 and 56%, respectively, after 70 h of photo-degradation.
Reward versus punishment: averting the tragedy of the commons in eco-evolutionary dynamics
Authors: Mondal Samrat Sohel , Pathak Mayank , Chakraborty Sagar
Published: May 2022

We consider an unstructured population of individuals who are randomly matched in an underlying population game in which the payoffs depend on the evolving state of the common resource exploited by the population. There are many known mechanisms for averting the overexploitation (tragedy) of the (common) resource. Probably one of the most common mechanism is reinforcing cooperation through rewards and punishments. Additionally, the depleting resource can also provide feedback that reinforces cooperation. Thus, it is an interesting question that how reward and punishment comparatively fare in averting the tragedy of the common (TOC) in the game-resource feedback evolutionary dynamics. Our main finding is that, while averting the TOC completely, rewarding cooperators cannot get rid of all the defectors, unlike what happens when defectors are punished; and as a consequence, in the completely replete resource state, the outcome of the population game can be socially optimal in the presence of the punishment but not so in the presence of the reward.
REET: robustness evaluation and enhancement toolbox for computational pathology
Authors: Foote Alex , Asif Amina , Rajpoot Nasir , Minhas Fayyaz
Published: May 2022

Motivation

Digitization of pathology laboratories through digital slide scanners and advances in deep learning approaches for objective histological assessment have resulted in rapid progress in the field of computational pathology (CPath) with wide-ranging applications in medical and pharmaceutical research as well as clinical workflows. However, the estimation of robustness of CPath models to variations in input images is an open problem with a significant impact on the downstream practical applicability, deployment and acceptability of these approaches. Furthermore, development of domain-specific strategies for enhancement of robustness of such models is of prime importance as well.

Results

In this work, we propose the first domain-specific Robustness Evaluation and Enhancement Toolbox (REET) for computational pathology applications. It provides a suite of algorithmic strategies for enabling robustness assessment of predictive models with respect to specialized image transformations such as staining, compression, focusing, blurring, changes in spatial resolution, brightness variations, geometric changes as well as pixel-level adversarial perturbations. Furthermore, REET also enables efficient and robust training of deep learning pipelines in computational pathology. Python implementation of REET is available at https://github.com/alexjfoote/reetoolbox.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Neural alterations in opioid-exposed infants revealed by edge-centric brain functional networks
Authors: Jiang Weixiong , Merhar Stephanie L , Zeng Zhuohao , Zhu Ziliang , Yin Weiyan , Zhou Zhen , Wang Li , He Lili , Vannest Jennifer , Lin Weili
Published: May 2022

Prenatal opioid exposure has been linked to adverse effects spanning multiple neurodevelopmental domains, including cognition, motor development, attention, and vision. However, the neural basis of these abnormalities is largely unknown. A total of 49 infants, including 21 opioid-exposed and 28 controls, were enrolled and underwent MRI (43 ± 6 days old) after birth, including resting state functional MRI. Edge-centric functional networks based on dynamic functional connections were constructed, and machine-learning methods were employed to identify neural features distinguishing opioid-exposed infants from unexposed controls. An accuracy of 73.6% (sensitivity 76.25% and specificity 69.33%) was achieved using 10 times 10-fold cross-validation, which substantially outperformed those obtained using conventional static functional connections (accuracy 56.9%). More importantly, we identified that prenatal opioid exposure preferentially affects inter- rather than intra-network dynamic functional connections, particularly with the visual, subcortical, and default mode networks. Consistent results at the brain regional and connection levels were also observed, where the brain regions and connections associated with visual and higher order cognitive functions played pivotal roles in distinguishing opioid-exposed infants from controls. Our findings support the clinical phenotype of infants exposed to opioids in utero and may potentially explain the higher rates of visual and emotional problems observed in this population. Finally, our findings suggested that edge-centric networks could better capture the neural differences between opioid-exposed infants and controls by abstracting the intrinsic co-fluctuation along edges, which may provide a promising tool for future studies focusing on investigating the effects of prenatal opioid exposure on neurodevelopment.
Cartoons as bridge builders: dialoguing on radicalization with the “suspect community”
Authors: Figoureux Marie , Van Gorp Baldwin
Published: May 2022

Terrorist attacks and the departure of “foreign fighters” to conflict areas have created a hasty security approach towards radicalization in many countries; similarly in Belgium, the country under scrutiny in this contribution. Implemented policies impact society by imposing a dominant security frame. This study centers around conversations with members of the “suspect community,” young people with a migration background in Molenbeek, Verviers, and Antwerp. Cartoon elicitation was used in in-depth interviews and focus groups to understand their experiences with the dominant framing of radicalization and us-versus-them dynamics of the constructed out-group. Framed by media, policy makers and academia as “suspects”, members of this silenced overrepresented minority are dual distancing themselves from the stigmatizing radicalization-label and perceived radicalized individuals. The young people contest the radicalization stigma, labeled as harmful for themselves and their peers, while they accept the radicalization paradigm in reference to people outside of their inner circle.
Polyvictimization and Depressive Symptomatology in Adolescents: Evaluation of the Role of School Social Climate
Authors: Morlat Pantxika , Lei Chi Weng , Tse Sing Ying , Guerra Cristóbal
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the current study is to examine the relationship between polyvictimization, school social climate, and depression in adolescents. Authors also looked at whether school social climate acts as a moderator of the interaction between polyvictimization and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, to have a deeper analysis, they included—as control variables—factors that have been shown in previous research to have an impact on depression, including age, gender discrimination, family support, and mood control. In total, 411 Chilean adolescents participated in the study from public (72.2 percent), semiprivate (17.4 percent), and private schools (10.4 percent). Four paper-based instruments were used to measure school social climate, depression, family support, and polyvictimization, and additional information was solicited with a sociodemographic data questionnaire. Regression analysis showed that both polyvictimization (β = .10, p = .03) and school social climate (β = –.10, p = .03) were predictors of depressive symptomatology. However, the interaction between polyvictimization and school social climate was not significant (β = .07, p = .73).
“I Never Told My Story”: An Analysis of Stalking in Women’s Memoirs
Authors: Seethaler Ina C
Published: May 2022

One in six women and one in 19 men in the USA experience stalking. The vast majority of stalkers are men. Popular culture and media coverage tend to offer a distorted image of stalking or ignore it completely. Women who have survived a stalker are often victim-blamed and made to feel shame. In this context of doubting women, this article analyzes three women’s memoirs—Kate Brennan’s In His Sights (2008), Jane Jeong Trenka’s The Language of Blood (2003), and Belle Yang’s Forget Sorrow (2010)—that create awareness about stalking. My discussion suggests that women skillfully use memoir’s flexibility to portray the intersections of various forms of oppression that nourish stalking; their testimonies craft community among survivors, provide advice about how to negotiate a legal system that ignores women’s experiences, and promote empathy.
Impact of age on outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Delijani David , Li Leo , Rutkin Bruce , Wilson Sean , Kennedy Kevin F , Hartman Alan R , Yu Pey-Jen
Published: May 2022

Aims

Usage of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for treatment of severe aortic stenosis is increasing across age groups. However, literature on age-specific TAVI outcomes is lacking. The purpose of this study is to assess the risks of procedural complications, mortality, and readmission in patients undergoing TAVI across different age groups.

Methods and results

The Nationwide Readmissions Database was used to identify 84 017 patients undergoing TAVI from 2016 to 2018. Patients were stratified into four age groups: younger than 70, 70–79, 80–89, and older than 90. Complications, mortality, and readmission rates were compared between groups in a proportional hazards regression model. Risk of post-procedural stroke, acute kidney injury, and pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation increased with incremental age grouping. Compared with patients younger than 70, patients aged 70–79 had no significant difference in mortality, whereas patients aged 80–89 and older than 90 had an increased mortality risk [odds ratio (OR) 1.39, confidence interval (CI) 1.14–1.70, P = 0.001 and OR 1.68, CI 1.33–2.12, P < 0.001, respectively]. Patients aged 80–89 and older than 90 had increased overall readmission compared with patients younger than 70 (HR 1.09, CI 1.03–1.14, P = 0.001 and HR 1.33, CI 1.25–1.41, P < 0.001, respectively). Cardiac readmissions followed the same trend.

Conclusion

Patients aged 80–89 and older than 90 undergoing TAVI have increased risk of readmission, complications, and mortality compared with patients younger than 70.
Artificial intelligence-based early detection of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery
Authors: Kalisnik Jurij Matija , Bauer André , Vogt Ferdinand Aurel , Stickl Franziska Josephine , Zibert Janez , Fittkau Matthias , Bertsch Thomas , Kounev Samuel , Fischlein Theodor
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES

This study aims to improve the early detection of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury using artificial intelligence-based algorithms.

METHODS

Data from consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery between 2008 and 2018 in our institution served as the source for artificial intelligence-based modelling. Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Different machine learning algorithms were trained and validated to detect cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury within 12 h after surgery. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, preoperative cardiac status and intra- and postoperative variables including creatinine and haemoglobin values were retrieved for analysis.

RESULTS

From 7507 patients analysed, 1699 patients (22.6%) developed cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury. The ultimate detection model, ‘Detect-A(K)I’, recognizes cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury within 12 h with an area under the curve of 88.0%, sensitivity of 78.0%, specificity of 78.9% and accuracy of 82.1%. The optimal parameter set includes serial changes of creatinine and haemoglobin, operative emergency, bleeding-associated variables, cardiac ischaemic time and cardiac function-associated variables, age, diuretics and active infection, chronic obstructive lung and peripheral vascular disease.

CONCLUSIONS

The ‘Detect-A(K)I’ model successfully detects cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury within 12 h after surgery with the best discriminatory characteristics reported so far.