bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Teacher Verbal Prompting and Demonstrated Modeling Correlate to Preschooler’s Physical Activity Levels
Authors: Carroll Alexandra V. , Spring Katherine E. , Winkler Darby , Suire Kameron , Wadsworth Danielle D.
Published: December 2022

Background: Teacher-led strategies targeting verbal prompting and demonstrated modeling can increase preschoolers’ physical activity levels; however, it is unknown which strategy promotes higher levels. The purpose of this study was to explore whether teacher verbal prompting or demonstrated modeling elicits higher levels of physical activity among preschoolers. Methods: Participants included 117 (56 females and 61 males; mean = 3.77 y) preschoolers who were observed for 3 days during regular preschool instructions. The System for Observing Student Movement in Academic Routines and Transitions observation system assessed verbal prompting and demonstrated modeling of the teachers, and preschoolers wore an ActiGraph accelerometer to measure physical activity. Results: The multivariate analysis of variance results showed a significant difference for verbal prompting (P < .001), demonstrated modeling (P = .032), light physical activity (P < .001), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA; P < .001) between segments of the preschool day. A stepwise linear regression showed that preschooler’s MVPA (P = .005) and light physical activity and MVPA (P = .036) were significantly related to demonstrated modeling, but not verbal prompting. During indoor time, light physical activity and MVPA were highest during large group, work time, and morning group, where teacher demonstrated modeling occurred the most. Conclusions: Teacher demonstrated modeling had a significant relationship to preschoolers’ MVPA and light physical activity levels, while teacher verbal prompting did not.
Effects of Mental Fatigue on Strength Endurance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Alix-Fages Carlos , Grgic Jozo , Jiménez-Martínez Pablo , Baz-Valle Eneko , Balsalobre-Fernández Carlos
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the effects of mental fatigue on upper and lower body strength endurance. Searches for studies were performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. We included studies that compared the effects of a demanding cognitive task (set to induce mental fatigue) with a control condition on strength endurance in dynamic resistance exercise (i.e., expressed as the number of performed repetitions at a given load). The data reported in the included studies were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis of standardized mean differences. Seven studies were included in the review. We found that mental fatigue significantly reduced the number of performed repetitions for upper body exercises (standardized mean difference: −0.41; 95% confidence interval [−0.70, −0.12]; p = .006; I2 = 0%). Mental fatigue also significantly reduced the number of performed repetitions in the analysis for lower body exercises (standardized mean difference: −0.39; 95% confidence interval [−0.75, −0.04]; p = .03; I2 = 0%). Our results showed that performing a demanding cognitive task—which induces mental fatigue—impairs strength endurance performance. Collectively, our findings suggest that exposure to cognitive tasks that may induce mental fatigue should be minimized before strength endurance-based resistance exercise sessions.
Application Progress and Practical Evaluations of Nanofiber Nonwoven Fabrics for Flexible/wearable Batteries
Authors: Zhao Hong , Lam Wai-Yu Ashley , Ao Keng long , Xian Yue , Ren Yaqi , Si Liping , Wei ZhaoHuan , Wang Jian , Daoud Walid A.
Published: December 2022

The growing interest in wearable electronics has triggered an enormous demand for flexible/wearable power sources. Flexible batteries, including lithium-ion batteries, Sodium-ion batteries, and Zinc/Zinc-Air batteries have been developed greatly. Nanofiber nonwoven fabrics form highly porous networks with remarkable interconnectivity between their pores, making them play an important role in flexible batteries as separators, current collectors, electrodes, etc. It looks that nanofiber nonwoven fabrics are promising to apply in flexible batteries, thus it is time to summarize their fabrication technology, flexible characteristics, electrochemical performance, and application prospects. This review paper focused on the current application status, emerging developments, and challenges of nanofiber nonwoven fabrics produced by electrospinning on flexible batteries. It is hopeful that this job will provide important references for the flexible batteries industrialization.
Beyond Polypyrrole: Pencil-Drawn Paper-Based Supercapacitors with High Energy Density
Authors: Zhou Jingwei , Zhang Jiali , Mao Mao , Zhang Haixia , Hou Ying , Guo Junjie
Published: December 2022

The construction of conductive graphite channels on paper using the pencil drawing method for supercapacitors and sensors has been reported, but its performance needs to be improved to meet practical applications. In this, we develop green and efficient method to prepare high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. After pencil drawing, the polypyrrole graphite active material (PPy-G) is prepared via interfacial polymerization. The graphite layer not only provides an efficient electron transport path but also greatly increases the electrical capacity of electrodes with a good combination of PPy. The prepared electrodes exhibit an excellent area specific capacitance (1654 mF cm−2) and good cycling stability (at 95.3% after 10,000 cycles). Furthermore, the symmetric supercapacitor is prepared using the dual electrodes exhibit a good energy density of 159.6 μWh cm−2 at a power density of 0.8 mW cm−2. The kinetic processes for the electrodes are also further investigated.
Omphalocele: complications an their effects on childhood morbidity
Authors: Domingues Yara Beatriz Bongiovani , Vianna Raphael Menezes , Tannuri Ana Cristina Aoun
Published: December 2022

Background: Omphalocele is one of the most common abdominal wall defects, characterized as a midline defect not covered by skin, fascia and abdominal muscles. Unlike gastroschisis, its main differential diagnosis, omphalocele is lined with a membranous sac and is more commonly associated with congenital malformations. Because of this, post-birth care is essential to ensure a better prognosis for the child, making a study on omphalocele and its associated conditions essential for a standardization of treatments and care for children with this condition, in order to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality. Materials and methods: Retrospective study of 20 years of care and treatment of newborns with omphalocele at a referral center. Results: 73 medical records were studied. In 53.42% of cases there were complications during childbirth. Of the 73 children, 53 had preoperative complications. 52 were operated, and 21 were not operated due to death (71.43%) or expectant management (28.57%). Among the operated children, 71.15% had postoperative complications and 28.84% required surgical re-approach. Of the total number of medical records analyzed, the death rate was 24.65%, with 72.22% of the deaths occurring before surgical correction. Conclusions: Patients with omphalocele with low birth weight and lower gestational age at birth had a higher frequency of unfavorable outcomes such as surgical complications, postoperative complications, reoperation and death. In this context is important to relate that unifying and directing conducts in the care of omphalocele reduce the morbidity and mortality of children.
Síndrome da pele escaldada estafilocócica: relato de caso
Authors: Carmo Rebeca dos Santos Veiga do , Verdan Tatiana Vargas Queiroz , Cascabulho Ana Maria Esteves , Frizzo Ana Paula Machado , Pimentel Tarcílio Machado , Lessa Luiza Ramos Kelly , Tinoco Maria Irene Rocha Bastos , Bartels Rafaela Reis , Pillo Mariana Dias
Published: December 2022

A síndrome da pele escaldada estafilocócica é um distúrbio bolhoso induzido por toxinas esfoliativas associado à infecção por Staphylococcus aureus, cujo exato mecanismo ainda é incerto manifestando-se com a formação de lesões bolhosas difusas pelo corpo que, usualmente, afeta crianças menores de 5 anos. O caso relatado apresenta uma criança de 4 meses de idade que manifestou lesões na pele de início recente, com hiperemia e bolhas no tronco, membros superiores e face, as quais evoluíram com descamação, além de edema peripalpebral, secreção ocular bilateral e crostas em região perioral. O prognóstico é favorável e o tratamento consiste em antibioticoterapia sistêmica ou oral, além de terapia de suporte na vigência de alterações hidroeletrolíticas e da termorregulação. Como o paciente apresentou melhora das lesões e encontrava-se em bom estado geral, o esquema foi trocado por Sulfametoxazol + Trimetoprima após o antibiograma evidenciar sensibilidade, por mais 7 dias a nível ambulatorial. O paciente apresentou boa resposta ao tratamento e evoluiu sem cicatrizes.
Lesões em praticantes de Crossfit: revisão narrativa
Authors: Moreira Milena Oliveira , Castello Thales Martins , Moraes Mariana Mauricio , Silva João Guilherme Lino da , Braga Renato Andrade Teixeira
Published: December 2022

Introdução: O CrossFit tem como pilar o desenvolvimento do condicionamento físico e está se difundindo entre a população, tanto em modalidades competitivas quanto não competitivas. O treinamento faz uso de três padrões para orientar o condicionamento físico: desenvolvimento de habilidades, como resistência e força; bom rendimento em toda atividade; e competência e desenvolvimento das vias determinantes do condicionamento metabólico. Objetivo: Reunir os tipos mais frequentes de lesões provocadas pela prática de CrossFit e as causas e os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento destas. Metodologia: A revisão da literatura foi realizada ao longo dos meses de outubro e novembro de 2021, por meio das bases de dados PubMed, BVS, LILACS e IBECS, utilizando os termos MeSH “high intensity interval training”, “sports injury” e “injury”. Resultados: Foram inseridas 8 publicações neste estudo, após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão e foi confeccionada uma tabela com os principais achados de cada estudo. Os resultados encontrados foram subdivididos em 4 grupos relacionados a: MMSS; MMII; tronco e coluna; fatores de risco para lesões. As lesões de ombro e joelho são as mais prevalentes, e há necessidade de mais estudos sobre lesões de coluna e tronco. No que tange aos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de lesões, as correlações entre tempo de prática do CrossFit, frequência de treinos e participação de competições não são bem definidas. Conclusão: As prevalências das lesões divergem entre os estudos, todavia as lesões de ombro são mais predominantes em MMSS, joelhos, em MMII e região lombar, na coluna vertebral. Apesar da literatura escassa sobre o tema, torna-se evidente a necessidade de acompanhamento por meio de profissionais capacitados para evitar a ocorrência de lesões.
Alheamentos, desassossego, aniquilamento: leituras de Edgar Allan Poe e Bernardo Élis sob o viés do comparatismo
Authors: Carneiro Fabianna Simão Bellizzi
Published: December 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma leitura dos contos “Sombra” (1986 [1835]), de Edgar Allan Poe, e “O louco da sombra” (2005 [1944]), de Bernardo Élis, por meio de uma proposta comparatista, na qual áreas do conhecimento como Estudos Culturais, História, Ciências Sociais se encontram de forma a possibilitar um melhor engajamento do texto literário. Separadas por décadas e países diferentes, as narrativas se aproximam na medida em que levam seus leitores a questionamentos universais e atemporais, a saber: o medo, a indiferença e o aniquilamento. A conclusão aponta para o fato de que são as diferentes possibilidades de leitura do texto literário que fomentam estudos e perspectivas outras na área da Literatura Comparada.
Reabilitação da paralisia facial periférica: relato de um caso com boa resposta ao tratamento combinado com toxina botulínica e ácido hialurônico
Authors: D’Andrea Franco Patriani , Alessi Cristina , Riberto Marcelo
Published: December 2022

A assimetria facial refere-se a modificações estáticas e dinâmicas das estruturas de uma hemiface quando comparada a outra.
Dor muscular abaixo do nível de lesão em paciente com lesão medular crônica: relato de caso
Authors: Souza Daniel Rubio de , Kim Angela Hyun Ji , Gremaschi Lucas Brunati , Suzuki Vanessa Clicia Mihana Saito
Published: December 2022

No Brasil, estima-se que ocorram a cada ano no país, mais de 10 mil novos casos de lesão medular (LM).
Perfil clínico e funcional de pacientes com sequelas pós-Covid-19 de um centro de reabilitação física
Authors: Silva Elaine Cristina da , Souza Rafaela Batista , Oliveira Juliana Aquino Freitas de , Carneiro Camila , Matos Celso Vilella
Published: December 2022

O novo coronavírus ou COVID-19 é um vírus altamente infeccioso que acomete principalmente o trato respiratório. Seu primeiro relato foi em 31 de dezembro de 2019 em Wuhan, província de Hubei na China e, desde então, evoluiu rapidamente para uma pandemia mundial.
Socioeconomic Determinants of Anticipated and Actual Caregiving for Older Adults in India
Authors: Cheng Kent Jason , Wilmoth Janet M.
Published: December 2022

This study investigates adult children's informal caregiving for, and living arrangements with, older parents in urban India. We differentiated between anticipated caregiving, for respondents whose parents and parents-in-law do not currently need care, and actual caregiving, for respondents who have at least one parent or parent-in-law with care needs. The results based on the 2011 Osaka University Preference Parameters Study reveal different antecedents of anticipated and actual care. Females have lower odds of anticipated care but there were no gender differences in actual caregiving. Married people have higher odds of anticipating financial assistance, but lower odds of providing actual caregiving. Religiosity is positively related to anticipated care and co-residing but not actual caregiving. Wealth increases the odds of anticipating providing housework as well as anticipated and actual financial assistance, while decreasing the odds of actual care. Given these findings, strengthening public pension and long-term care services is warranted.
Punish, protect or redirect? Synthesising workfare with ‘spatially Keynesian’ labour market policies in times of job loss
Authors: Barnes Tom
Published: December 2022

The relationship between job loss and workfare has been well documented. Workers who lose jobs, including long-term careers in previously secure employment, enter systems of workfare that churn them through precarious jobs in return for meagre income support. But the relationship between workfare and alternative systems of labour market assistance rolled out before job loss is less understood. To shed new light on this issue, this article critically analyses an attempt to synthesise two labour market policies implemented in response to the closure of Australia's automotive manufacturing industry in 2017. The first policy was an altruistic, spatially Keynesian response to deindustrialisation; the second policy was based on Australia's notoriously punitive system of workfare. The article asks: how was it possible to synthesise systems framed in mutually incompatible terms? This question can be addressed, it argues, by deploying an Agency-Structure-Institutions-Discourse (ASID) approach to understand how and why these labour market policies were hybridised. The article's results are instructive in a ‘post-pandemic’ environment in which opportunities to rollout alternatives to workfare will be forced to contend with resurgent workfare states.
Trends in Palliative Care Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wang Chien-Ho , Chen Yu-Kai , Tsao Shu-Han , Lee Ching-Hsing
Published: December 2022

To demonstrate the trends and variety of research on palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic search of the Web of Science database. Since the outbroke of the COVID-19 pandemic, the adjustment of palliative care systems is warranted to maintain a high quality of care. The COVID-19 -related palliative care studies account for approximately 4% of all publications on palliative care. However, there is a dearth of research investigating the nature of these studies. A total of 293 studies were included. Of the included studies, those related to system improvement were the most common (181/293, 61.8%), followed by those related to patient care (79/293, 27.0%), bereavement support for patients or family members (19/293, 6.5%), and the mental health of frontline practitioners (14/293, 4.8%). From these studies, 82, 137, and 74 studies were published in 2020, 2021, and 2022 (until August 1), respectively. The research trends of palliative care demonstrate the flexibility and rapid response of the global palliative care system to the COVID-19 pandemic and show how the palliative care system is evolving. While most studies are interested in system improvement, patient care, and bereavement support, the mental health of frontline practitioners has received less attention. Our findings provide palliative care practitioners with current valuable information and highlight possible future trends.
Visual disinformation in a digital age: A literature synthesis and research agenda
Authors: Weikmann Teresa , Lecheler Sophie
Published: December 2022

While a fast-growing body of research is concerned with the detrimental consequences of disinformation for democracy, the role of visuals in this context has so far only been discussed superficially. Visuals are expected to amplify the impact of disinformation, but it is rarely specified how, and what exactly distinguishes them from text. This article is one of the first to treat visual disinformation as its own type of falsehood, arguing that it differs from textual disinformation in its production, processing and effects. We suggest that visual disinformation is determined by varying levels of modal richness and manipulative sophistication. Because manipulated visuals are processed differently on a psychological level, they have unique effects on citizens’ behaviours and attitudes.
Effect of Isavuconazonium Sulfate and Posaconazole Delayed Release Tablets on Tacrolimus Dose-to-Concentration Ratios
Authors: Sweiss Helen , Kincaide Elisabeth , Levine Deborah , Hall Reed
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Limited evidence exists on the effect of isavuconazonium sulfate and posaconazole delayed release tablets on tacrolimus dose-to-concentration ratios in lung transplant recipients.

Project Aims

The purpose of this evaluation was to assess the impact of novel triazoles on tacrolimus dose-to-concentration ratios.

Design

This retrospective review included lung transplant recipient ≥18 years of age from January 1, 2017 to October 1, 2020 who received either posaconazole delayed release tablets or isavuconazonium sulfate for. A paired analysis evaluated outcomes pre-triazole and post-triazole initiation.

Results

Forty-one patients met evaluation criteria for inclusion. A total of 34 of 41 patients received posaconazole delayed release tablets. Of these patients, 22 of 34 were transitioned from previous triazole to posaconazole delayed release tablets and experienced a 47% reduction in tacrolimus dose-to-concentration ratio. Twelve patients were newly initiated on posaconazole delayed release tablets and experienced a 50% reduction in tacrolimus dose-to-concentration ratios. Although not statistically significant, a 30% reduction in tacrolimus dose-to-concentration ratio was observed when transitioning to isavuconazonium sulfate from previous triazole therapy.

Conclusion

Limited data exists to provide guidance on tacrolimus dose adjustments with initiation and conversion of novel triazoles, however, this evaluation provides more knowledge on the drug interaction with novel triazoles and tacrolimus.
Specific multimorbidity patterns modify the impact of an exercise intervention in older hospitalized adults
Authors: Martínez-Velilla Nicolas , Galbete Arkaitz , Roso-Llorach Albert , Zambom-Ferraresi Fabricio , Sáez de Asteasu Mikel L , Izquierdo Mikel , Vetrano Davide L , Calderón-Larrañaga Amaia
Published: December 2022

Background

Different multimorbidity patterns present with different prognoses, but it is unknown to what extent they may influence the effectiveness of an individualized multicomponent exercise program offered to hospitalized older adults.

Methods

This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial conducted in the Department of Geriatric Medicine of a tertiary hospital. In addition to the standard care, an exercise-training multicomponent program was delivered to the intervention group during the acute hospitalization period. Multimorbidity patterns were determined through fuzzy c-means cluster analysis, over 38 chronic diseases. Functional, cognitive and affective outcomes were considered.

Results

Three hundred and six patients were included in the analyses (154 control; 152 intervention), with a mean age of 87.2 years, and 58.5% being female. Four patterns of multimorbidity were identified: heart valves and prostate diseases (26.8%); metabolic diseases and colitis (20.6%); psychiatric, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases (16%); and an unspecific pattern (36.6%). The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test improved across all patterns, but the intervention was most effective for patients in the metabolic/colitis pattern (2.48-point difference between intervention/control groups, 95% CI 1.60-3.35). Regarding the Barthel Index and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the differences were significant for all multimorbidity patterns, except for the psychiatric/cardio/autoimmune pattern. Differences concerning quality of life were especially high for the p sychiatric/cardio/autoimmune pattern (16.9-point difference between intervention/control groups, 95% CI 4.04, 29.7).

Conclusions

Patients in all the analyzed multimorbidity patterns improved with this tailored program, but the improvement was highest for those in the metabolic pattern. Understanding how different chronic disease combinations are associated with specific functional and cognitive responses to a multicomponent exercise intervention may allow further tailoring such interventions to older patients’ clinical profile.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria infection and pulmonary disease in bronchiectasis
Authors: Suska Kseniia , Amati Francesco , Sotgiu Giovanni , Gramegna Andrea , Mantero Marco , Ori Margherita , Ferrarese Maurizio , Codecasa Luigi Ruffo , Stainer Anna , Blasi Francesco , Aliberti Stefano
Published: December 2022

Background

Although interest in nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection has increased in the last decades, published data vary according to different geographical areas, diagnostic facilities and quality of study design. This study aims at assessing both prevalence and incidence of NTM infection and NTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) among adults with bronchiectasis, to describe patients’ characteristics, therapeutic options and clinical outcomes.

Methods

Bronchiectasis adults who had been tested for NTM were enrolled at the Bronchiectasis Program of the Policlinico Hospital in Milan, Italy, from 2016 to 2018.

Results

Among the 373 patients enrolled, 26.1% had at least one respiratory sample positive for NTM and 12.6% reached a diagnosis of NTM-PD. Incidence rates for NTM infection and NTM-PD were 13 (95% CI 10–16) and 4 (95% CI 2–6) per 100 person-years, respectively. The most prevalent NTM species causing NTM-PD wereM. intracellulare(38.3%),M. avium(34.0%),M. abscessus(8.5%) andM. kansasii(8.5%). Once treatment for NTM-PD was initiated, a favourable outcome was documented in 52.2% of the patients, while a negative outcome was recorded in 32.6%, including recurrence (17.4%), treatment failure (10.9%), re-infection (2.2%) and relapse (2.2%). Treatment halted was experienced in 11 (23.9%) patients.

Conclusions

NTM infection is frequent in bronchiectasis patients and the presence of NTM-PD is relevant. The low success rate of NTM-PD treatment in bronchiectasis patients requires a call to action to identify new treatment modalities and new drugs to improve patients’ outcomes.
Genome-wide identification of BBX gene family and their expression patterns under salt stress in soybean
Authors: Shan Binghui , Bao Guohua , Shi Tianran , Zhai Lulu , Bian Shaomin , Li Xuyan
Published: December 2022

Background

BBX genes are key players in the regulation of various developmental processes and stress responses, which have been identified and functionally characterized in many plant species. However, our understanding of BBX family was greatly limited in soybean.

Results

In this study, 59 BBX genes were identified and characterized in soybean, which can be phylogenetically classified into 5 groups. GmBBXs showed diverse gene structures and motif compositions among the groups and similar within each group. Noticeably, synteny analysis suggested that segmental duplication contributed to the expansion of GmBBX family. Moreover, our RNA-Seq data indicated that 59 GmBBXs showed different transcript profiling under salt stress, and qRT-PCR analysis confirmed their expression patterns. Among them, 22 GmBBXs were transcriptionally altered with more than two-fold changes by salt stress, supporting that GmBBXs play important roles in soybean tolerance to salt stress. Additionally, Computational assay suggested that GmBBXs might potentially interact with GmGI3, GmTOE1b, GmCOP1, GmCHI and GmCRY, while eight types of transcription factors showed potentials to bind the promoter regions of GmBBX genes.

Conclusions

Fifty-nine BBX genes were identified and characterized in soybean, and their expression patterns under salt stress and computational assays suggested their functional roles in response to salt stress. These findings will contribute to future research in regard to functions and regulatory mechanisms of soybean BBX genes in response to salt stress.
Celiac disease and upper secondary school achievement in Sweden A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Johansson Katarina , Norström Fredrik , Green Peter H. R. , Ivarsson Anneli , Richter Sundberg Linda , Själander Anders , Myleus Anna
Published: December 2022

Background

Both undiagnosed celiac disease and some chronic childhood diseases are associated with lower academic achievement. However, there is little knowledge of achievements in those diagnosed with celiac disease. Our aim was to investigate school achievements in upper secondary school among Swedish adolescents with celiac disease.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study using register data. We analyzed choice of upper secondary school program, completion of upper secondary school including achievements of basic eligibility for college/university, and final grade in individuals with celiac disease diagnosed before 15 years of age, born 1991–97. We compared with the Swedish population of the same birth years. Analyses were adjusted for sex, year of birth, living region at 17 years of age, and parental education as well as income.

Results

The cohort included 734 074 individuals, whereof 3 257 (62% females) with celiac disease. There was no significant difference in choice of upper secondary school program. No significant difference was found in completion or achieving basic eligibility for college/university in adjusted analyses. The mean final grade in the celiac disease group was 13.34 (standard deviation 4.85) compared to 12.78 (standard deviation 5.01) in the reference population (p < 0.001), out of a maximum of 20. The effect of celiac disease on final grade remained in adjusted analyses (p = 0.012).

Conclusions

We found that diagnosed celiac disease does not negatively affect school achievements in upper secondary school. This finding suggests the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up programs of celiac disease could reverse potential deleterious academic processes.
The effect of sleep disturbance on the association between work–family conflict and burnout in nurses: a cross-sectional study from South Korea
Authors: Han Sujeong , Kwak Sungjung
Published: December 2022

Background

Sleep disturbances can lead to work–family conflicts and affect the mental health of nurses. This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of sleep disturbance on the association between work–family conflict (WFC) and burnout in nurses.

Methods

Responses to a questionnaire from 156 nurses working in a hospital in South Korea were analyzed. Multiple linear regression analysis and PROCESS Macro Model 4 were used to analyze the mediating effect of sleep disturbance on the relationship between WFC and burnout. A bootstrapping approach was used to test the statistical significance of the indirect parameter effects.

Results

The WFC of nurses had a positive correlation with sleep disturbance and burnout. Moreover, sleep disturbance completely mediated the association between WFC and burnout.

Conclusions

Nursing administrators should pay careful attention to WFCs that interfere with nurses’ sleep and reduce their sleep quality, and design suitable working schedules that minimize the effects of WFC. In addition, hospital administrators should improve shift scheduling to ensure good sleep quality and reduce the health effects of WFC among nurses.
Impact of the 24-hour time target policy for emergency departments in South Korea: a mixed method study in a single medical center
Authors: Park Sookyung , Chang Hansol , Jung Weon , Lee Se Uk , Hwang Sung Yeon , Yoon Hee , Cha Won Chul , Shin Tae Gun , Sim Min Seob , Jo Ik Joon , Kim Taerim
Published: December 2022

Background

In South Korea, after the spread of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome epidemic was aggravated by long stays in crowded emergency departments (EDs), a 24-hour target policy for EDs was introduced to prevent crowding and reduce patients' length of stay (LOS). The policy requires at least 95% of all patients to be admitted, discharged or transferred from an ED within 24 hours of arrival. This study analyzes the effects of the 24-hour target policy on ED LOS and compliance rates and describes the consequences of the policy.

Methods

A mixed-methods approach was applied to a retrospective observational study of ED visits combined with a survey of medical professionals. The primary measure was ED LOS, and the secondary measure was policy compliance rate which refers to the proportion of patient visits with a LOS shorter than 24 hours. Patient flow, quality of care, patient safety, staff workload, and staff satisfaction were also investigated through surveys. Mann–Whitney U and χ2 tests were used to compare variables before and after the introduction of the policy.

Results

The median ED LOS increased from 3.9 hours (interquartile range [IQR] = 2.1–7.6) to 4.5 hours (IQR = 2.5–8.5) after the policy was introduced. This was likely influenced by the average monthly number of patients, which greatly increased from 4819 (SD = 340) to 5870 (SD = 462) during the same period. The proportion of patients with ED LOS greater than 24 hours remained below5% only after 6 months of policy implementation, but the number of patients whose disposition was decided at 23 hours increased by 4.84 times. Survey results suggested that patient flow and quality of care improved slightly, while the workload of medical staff worsened.

Conclusions

After implementing the 24-hour target policy, the proportion of patients whose ED LOS exceeded 24 hours decreased, even though the median ED LOS increased. However, the unintended consequences of the policy were observed such as increased medical professional workload and abrupt expulsion of patients before 24 hours.
Re-evaluation of the myoepithelial cells roles in the breast cancer progression
Authors: Shams Anwar
Published: December 2022

Over the past decades, luminal epithelial cell lineage has gained considerable attraction as the functionally milk-secreting units and as the most fruitful acreage for breast cancer launching. Recognition of the effective involvement of the myoepithelial cells in mammary gland development and in hampering tumorigenesis has renewed the interest in investigating the biological roles of this second main mammary lineage. The human breast is made up of an extensively branching ductal system intervening by copious lobular units. The ductal system is coated by a chain of luminal epithelial cells (LECs) situated on a layer of myoepithelial cells (MECs) and encompassed by a distinguished basement membrane. Ductal contractility during lactation is a well-known function delivered by the MECs however this is not the only assignment mediated by these cellular populations. It has been well appreciated that the MECs exhibit a natural paracrine power in defeating cancer development and advancement. MECs were found to express numerous proteinase inhibitors, anti-angiogenic factors, and tumour suppressors proteins. Additionally, MECs contributed effectively to maintaining the right luminal cells' polarization and further separating them from the adjacent stroma by making an integrated fence. Indeed, disruption of the MECs layer was reported to facilitate the invasion of the cancer cells to the surrounding stroma. Nonetheless, MECs were also found to exhibit cancer-promoting effects and provoke tumour invasion and dissemination by displaying distinct cancer chemokines. Herein in this review, we aimed to address the roles delivered by MECs in breast cancer progression and decipher the molecular mechanisms regulating proper MECs’ physiology, integrity, and terminal differentiation.

Graphical Abstract
Modern thromboprophylaxis protocol based on guidelines applied in a respiratory intensive care unit: a single-center prospective cohort study
Authors: Tang Xiao , Lyu Wen-Rui , Jin Yu , Wang Rui , Li Xu-Yan , Li Ying , Zhang Chun-Yan , Zhao Wei , Tong Zhao-Hui , Sun Bing
Published: December 2022

Background

Critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs) are at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). This study aimed to explore the prophylaxis effect under a guideline-based thromboprophylaxis protocol among critically ill patients in a respiratory ICU.

Methods

For this single-center prospective cohort study, we followed the thromboprophylaxis protocol, which was drawn up based on relevant guidelines and Chinese experts’ advice. Clinical data were entered into an electronic case report form and analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to explore independent risk factors of VTE event under this protocol.

Results

From August 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020, 884 patients underwent thromboprophylaxis according to this protocol; 10.5% of them received mechanical prophylaxis, 43.8% received pharmacological prophylaxis, and 45.7% received pharmacological combined with mechanical prophylaxis. The proportion of VTE events was 14.3% for patients who received the thromboprophylaxis protocol, of which 0.1% had pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), 2.0% had proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and 12.1% had isolated distal DVT. There was no significant difference between different thromboprophylaxis measures. Cirrhosis (OR 5.789, 95% CI [1.402, 23.894], P = 0.015), acute asthma exacerbation (OR 39.999, 95% CI [4.704, 340.083], P = 0.001), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment (OR 22.237, 95%CI [4.824, 102.502], P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for proximal DVT under thromboprophylaxis.

Conclusions

The thromboprophylaxis protocol based on guidelines applied in the ICU was practicable and could help decrease the proportion of PTE and proximal DVT events. The risk factors of VTE events happening under the thromboprophylaxis protocol require more attention.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02213978.
Efficient biosynthesis of pinosylvin from lignin-derived cinnamic acid by metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli
Authors: Hu Yueli , Zhang Chen , Zou Lihua , Zheng Zhaojuan , Ouyang Jia
Published: December 2022

Background

The conversion of lignin-derived aromatic monomers into valuable chemicals has promising potential to improve the economic competitiveness of biomass biorefineries. Pinosylvin is an attractive pharmaceutical with multiple promising biological activities.

Results

Herein, Escherichia coli was engineered to convert the lignin-derived standard model monomer cinnamic acid into pinosylvin by introducing two novel enzymes from the wood plant: stilbene synthase from Pinus pinea (PpSTS) and 4-Coumarate-CoA ligase from Populus trichocarpa (Ptr4CL4). The expression of Ptr4CL4 drastically improved the production of pinosylvin (42.5 ± 1.1 mg/L), achieving values 15.7-fold higher than that of Ptr4CL5 (another 4-Coumarate-CoA ligase from Populus trichocarpa) in the absence of cerulenin. By adjusting the expression strategy, the optimized engineered strain produced pinosylvin at 153.7 ± 2.2 mg/L with an extremely high yield of 1.20 ± 0.02 mg/mg cinnamic acid in the presence of cerulenin, which is 83.9% ± 1.17 of the theoretical yield. This is the highest reported pinosylvin yield directly from cinnamic acid to date.

Conclusion

Our work highlights the feasibility of microbial production of pinosylvin from cinnamic acid and paves the way for converting lignin-related aromatics to valuable chemicals.
Fixed-point results for generalized contraction in K-sequentially complete ordered dislocated fuzzy quasimetric spaces
Authors: Shoaib Abdullah , Khaliq Kheeba
Published: December 2022

The ambition of this work is to introduce the notion of left (right) K-sequentially complete ordered dislocated fuzzy quasimetric spaces and to define a relevant Hausdorff metric on compact sets. A new approach, given in (Shoaib et al. in Filomat 34(2):323–338, 2020) has been used to obtain fixed-point results for multivalued mappings fulfilling generalized contraction in the latest framework. For the authenticity of our result, an example is formulated.
Exploring the experiences of clients receiving opioid use disorder treatment at a methadone clinic in Kenya: a qualitative study
Authors: Kiburi Sarah Kanana , Mwangi Jackline , Maina Geoffrey
Published: December 2022

Background

Assessing the experiences of individuals on methadone treatment is essential to help evaluate the treatment program’s effectiveness. This study aimed to explore the experiences of patients receiving methadone treatment at a clinic in Nairobi, Kenya.

Method

This study employed an exploratory qualitative study design. Through purposive sampling, participants were enrolled from individuals attending a methadone clinic for at least 2 years. Semi-structured individual interviews were used to collect data on substance use and experience before methadone treatment and experiences after starting methadone treatment, including benefits and challenges. Interviews were transcribed, and NVIVO 12 software was used to code the data using the preidentified analytical framework. Thematic analyses were utilized to identify cross-cutting themes between these two data sets. Seventeen participants were enrolled.

Results

Seventeen participants were enrolled comprising 70% males, with age range from 23 to 49 years and more than half had secondary education. The interview data analysis identified four themes, namely: (a) the impact of opioid use before starting treatment which included adverse effects on health, legal problems and family dysfunction; (b) learning about methadone treatment whereby the majority were referred from community linkage programs, family and friends; (c) experiences with care at the methadone treatment clinic which included benefits such as improved health, family reintegration and stigma reduction; and (d) barriers to optimal methadone treatment such as financial constraints.

Conclusion

The findings of this study show that clients started methadone treatment due to the devastating impact of opioid use disorder on their lives. Methadone treatment allowed them to regain their lives from the adverse effects of opioid use disorder. Additionally, challenges such as financial constraints while accessing treatment were reported. These findings can help inform policies to improve the impact of methadone treatment.
Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK3β) blocks nucleocapsid phosphorylation and SARS-CoV-2 replication
Authors: Shapira Tirosh , Vimalanathan Selvarani , Rens Celine , Pichler Virginia , Peña-Díaz Sandra , Jordana Grace , Rees William , Winkler Dirk F. H. , Sarai Iqbal , Steiner Theodore , Jean François , Pelech Steven , Av-Gay Yossef
Published: December 2022

GSK3β has been proposed to have an essential role in Coronaviridae infections. Screening of a targeted library of GSK3β inhibitors against both SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E to identify broad-spectrum anti-Coronaviridae inhibitors resulted in the identification of a high proportion of active compounds with low toxicity to host cells. A selected lead compound, T-1686568, showed low micromolar, dose-dependent activity against SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E. T-1686568 showed efficacy in viral-infected cultured cells and primary 2D organoids. T-1686568 also inhibited SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern Delta and Omicron. Importantly, while inhibition by T-1686568 resulted in the overall reduction of viral load and protein translation, GSK3β inhibition resulted in cellular accumulation of the nucleocapsid protein relative to the spike protein. Following identification of potential phosphorylation sites of Coronaviridae nucleocapsid, protein kinase substrate profiling assays combined with Western blotting analysis of nine host kinases showed that the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid could be phosphorylated by GSK3β and PKCa. GSK3β phosphorylated SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid on the S180/S184, S190/S194 and T198 phospho-sites, following previous priming in the adjacent S188, T198 and S206, respectively. Such inhibition presents a compelling target for broad-spectrum anti-Coronaviridae compound development, and underlies the mechanism of action of GSK3β host-directed therapy against this class of obligate intracellular pathogens.
RoadSegNet: a deep learning framework for autonomous urban road detection
Authors: Pal Kushagra , Yadav Piyush , Katal Nitish
Published: December 2022

Ground detection is an essential part of the perception system in self-driving cars. The ground can be imagined as a fairly smooth, drivable area that is even textured and easily distinguished from the surrounding area. It can have some common imperfections, like shadows and differing light intensities. In this paper, a comparative study of several deep neural network architectures has been reported that can deduce surface normal information on the classic KITTI road dataset in various challenging scenarios. Our goal is to simplify the task of how the recent methods perceive the ground-related information and propose a solution by testing it on three state-of-the-art deep learning models, which are “Resnet-50,” “Xception,” and “MobileNet-V2” to understand and exploit the capabilities of these models. The main significance of this comparative study has been to evaluate the performance of these networks for edge deployment. So, the tiny DNN model of MobileNet-V2 has been considered, which has approximately 80% fewer tunable parameters as compared to the others. The obtained results show that the proposed networks are able to achieve a segmentation accuracy of more than ~ 96% and that too in various challenging scenarios.
Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of Austropeplea tomentosa from environmental water samples
Authors: Tran Lily , Rathinasamy Vignesh A. , Beddoe Travis
Published: December 2022

Lymnaeid snails are key intermediate hosts for the development and survival of Fasciola spp., the causative agent of Fascioliasis which are economically important parasites infecting humans and livestock globally. The current control method for treating Fascioliasis is heavily reliant on anthelmintic drugs, particularly Triclabendazole (TCBZ) which has resulted in drug-resistant parasites and poses significant risk as there are no long-term efficacious alternatives available. Sustainable control measures at the farm level could include both parasite and snail control will play an important role in Fasciola spp. control and reduce the reliance on anthelmintic drugs. Implementation of such sustainable control measures requires effective identification of snails on the property however Lymnaeid snails are small and difficult to physically locate. Snail identification using an environmental DNA approach is a recent approach in which physically locating snails are not required. Austropeplea tomentosa, is the primary intermediate snail host for F. hepatica transmission in South-East Australia and we present an in-field loop-mediated isothermal amplification and water filtering method for the detection of A. tomentosa eDNA from water samples to improve current surveillance methods. This methodology is highly sensitive with a detection limit of 5 × 10− 6 ng/μL, detected in < 20 minutes, with cumulative sample preparation and amplification time under 1 hour. This proposed workflow could assist in monitoring areas to determine the risk of Fascioliasis infection and implement strategies to manage snail populations to ultimately reduce the risk of infection for humans and livestock.
Use of multibeam bathymetry and backscatter to improve seabed geochemical surveys — Part 2: Best practices and case studies in seep hunting for exploration, with an emphasis on Indonesia
Authors: Orange Daniel L. , Teas Philip A. , Decker John , Gharib Jamshid
Published: December 2022

The successful sampling of seafloor oil and gas seeps can provide information on source rock, migration, maturation, and charge that can impact exploration decisions. Although 3D seismic data can be interpreted for potential seafloor seeps, multibeam can be acquired over larger areas at lower cost and in a shorter turnaround time, with bathymetry, backscatter, and water column imagery leading to the interpretation of potential seafloor seep targets. The use of multibeam-based exploration early in an exploration project can provide information on the petroleum systems in an area and also areas where no evidence of a petroleum system is present on the seafloor. We have developed case studies of block-specific seep hunting and regional multibeam surveys. For regional surveys, multibeam can be combined with 2D seismic data, ultrashort baseline (USBL)-positioned piston coring, heat flow, high-resolution subbottom profiles, marine gravity and magnetics, and core geochemistry to evaluate exploration potential. The first multibeam-for-exploration survey, with cores acquired for geochemistry, was carried out in 2000 offshore Barbados. Applying a tool used in academia and other industry projects, USBL positioning in real-time in a Geographical Information System (GIS) environment was used to confidently place a core barrel on a seafloor seep target beginning in 2002. In 2003, Unocal acquired the first basin-wide multibeam survey for exploration and demonstrated that multibeam can rapidly interrogate a very large area at a relatively modest cost. Indonesia basin- and regional-scale projects demonstrated the value of multibeam-based exploration through the successful farm-out of exploration blocks with a promotion (in which the farm-in-ee(s) pays a higher percentage of costs than their percentage of equity). We review several examples of seep studies, with an emphasis on Indonesia; target selection philosophy, criteria, and ranking; and target types. Mud volcano and hard substrate sampling can provide information on the subsurface without drilling.