bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aerosol size distribution seasonal characteristics measured in Tiksi, Russian Arctic
Authors: Asmi E. , Kondratyev V. , Brus D. , Laurila T. , Lihavainen H. , Backman J. , Vakkari V. , Aurela M. , Hatakka J. , Viisanen Y. , Uttal T. , Ivakhov V. , Makshtas A.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Four years of continuous aerosol number size distribution measurements from the Arctic Climate Observatory in Tiksi, Russia, are analyzed. Tiksi is located in a region where in situ information on aerosol particle properties has not been previously available. Particle size distributions were measured with a differential mobility particle sizer (in the diameter range of 7–500 nm) and with an aerodynamic particle sizer (in the diameter range of 0.5–10 μm). Source region effects on particle modal features and number, and mass concentrations are presented for different seasons. The monthly median total aerosol number concentration in Tiksi ranges from 184 cm−3 in November to 724 cm−3 in July, with a local maximum in March of 481 cm−3. The total mass concentration has a distinct maximum in February–March of 1.72–2.38 μg m−3 and two minimums in June (0.42 μg m−3) and in September–October (0.36–0.57 μg m−3). These seasonal cycles in number and mass concentrations are related to isolated processes and phenomena such as Arctic haze in early spring, which increases accumulation and coarse-mode numbers, and secondary particle formation in spring and summer, which affects the nucleation and Aitken mode particle concentrations. Secondary particle formation was frequently observed in Tiksi and was shown to be slightly more common in marine, in comparison to continental, air flows. Particle formation rates were the highest in spring, while the particle growth rates peaked in summer. These results suggest two different origins for secondary particles, anthropogenic pollution being the important source in spring and biogenic emissions being significant in summer. The impact of temperature-dependent natural emissions on aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei numbers was significant: the increase in both the particle mass and the CCN (cloud condensation nuclei) number with temperature was found to be higher than in any previous study done over the boreal forest region. In addition to the precursor emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds, the frequent Siberian forest fires, although far away, are suggested to play a role in Arctic aerosol composition during the warmest months. Five fire events were isolated based on clustering analysis, and the particle mass and cloud condensation nuclei number were shown to be somewhat affected by these events. In addition, during calm and cold months, aerosol concentrations were occasionally increased by local aerosol sources in trapping inversions. These results provide valuable information on interannual cycles and sources of Arctic aerosols.
Source apportionment of ambient particle number concentrations in central Los Angeles using positive matrix factorization (PMF)
Authors: Sowlat M. H. , Hasheminassab S. , Sioutas C.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. In this study, the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor model (version 5.0) was used to identify and quantify major sources contributing to particulate matter (PM) number concentrations, using PM number size distributions in the range of 13 nm to 10 μm combined with several auxiliary variables, including black carbon (BC), elemental and organic carbon (EC/OC), PM mass concentrations, gaseous pollutants, meteorological, and traffic counts data, collected for about 9 months between August 2014 and 2015 in central Los Angeles, CA. Several parameters, including particle number and volume size distribution profiles, profiles of auxiliary variables, contributions of different factors in different seasons to the total number concentrations, diurnal variations of each of the resolved factors in the cold and warm phases, weekday/weekend analysis for each of the resolved factors, and correlation between auxiliary variables and the relative contribution of each of the resolved factors, were used to identify PM sources. A six-factor solution was identified as the optimum for the aforementioned input data. The resolved factors comprised nucleation, traffic 1, traffic 2 (having a larger mode diameter than traffic 1 factor), urban background aerosol, secondary aerosol, and soil/road dust. Traffic sources (1 and 2) were the major contributor to PM number concentrations, collectively making up to above 60 % (60.8–68.4 %) of the total number concentrations during the study period. Their contribution was also significantly higher in the cold phase compared to the warm phase. Nucleation was another major factor significantly contributing to the total number concentrations (an overall contribution of 17 %, ranging from 11.7 % to 24 %), having a larger contribution during the warm phase than in the cold phase. The other identified factors were urban background aerosol, secondary aerosol, and soil/road dust, with relative contributions of approximately 12 % (7.4–17.1), 2.1 % (1.5–2.5 %), and 1.1 % (0.2–6.3 %), respectively, overall accounting for about 15 % (15.2–19.8 %) of PM number concentrations. As expected, PM number concentrations were dominated by factors with smaller mode diameters, such as traffic and nucleation. On the other hand, PM volume and mass concentrations in the study area were mostly affected by sources having larger mode diameters, including secondary aerosols and soil/road dust. Results from the present study can be used as input parameters in future epidemiological studies to link PM sources to adverse health effects as well as by policy makers to set targeted and more protective emission standards for PM.
Evaluating the Community Land Model in a pine stand with shading manipulations and 13CO2 labeling
Authors: Mao J. , Ricciuto D. M. , Thornton P. E. , Warren J. M. , King A. W. , Shi X. , Iversen C. M. , Norby R. J.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Carbon allocation and flow through ecosystems regulates land surface–atmosphere CO2 exchange and thus is a key, albeit uncertain, component of mechanistic models. The Partitioning in Trees and Soil (PiTS) experiment–model project tracked carbon allocation through a young Pinus taeda stand following pulse labeling with 13CO2 and two levels of shading. The field component of this project provided process-oriented data that were used to evaluate terrestrial biosphere model simulations of rapid shifts in carbon allocation and hydrological dynamics under varying environmental conditions. Here we tested the performance of the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4) in capturing short-term carbon and water dynamics in relation to manipulative shading treatments and the timing and magnitude of carbon fluxes through various compartments of the ecosystem. When calibrated with pretreatment observations, CLM4 was capable of closely simulating stand-level biomass, transpiration, leaf-level photosynthesis, and pre-labeling 13C values. Over the 3-week treatment period, CLM4 generally reproduced the impacts of shading on soil moisture changes, relative change in stem carbon, and soil CO2 efflux rate. Transpiration under moderate shading was also simulated well by the model, but even with optimization we were not able to simulate the high levels of transpiration observed in the heavy shading treatment, suggesting that the Ball–Berry conductance model is inadequate for these conditions. The calibrated version of CLM4 gave reasonable estimates of label concentration in phloem and in soil surface CO2 after 3 weeks of shade treatment, but it lacks the mechanisms needed to track the labeling pulse through plant tissues on shorter timescales. We developed a conceptual model for photosynthate transport based on the experimental observations, and we discussed conditions under which the hypothesized mechanisms could have an important influence on model behavior in larger-scale applications. Implications for future experimental studies are described, some of which are already being implemented in follow-on studies.
Spatial and temporal oxygen isotope variability in northern Greenland – implications for a new climate record over the past millennium
Authors: Weißbach S. , Wegner A. , Opel T. , Oerter H. , Vinther B. M. , Kipfstuhl S.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. We present for the first time all 12 δ18O records obtained from ice cores drilled in the framework of the North Greenland Traverse (NGT) between 1993 and 1995 in northern Greenland. The cores cover an area of 680 km  ×  317 km, 10 % of the Greenland ice sheet. Depending on core length (100–175 m) and accumulation rate (90–200 kg m−2 a−1) the single records reflect an isotope–temperature history over the last 500–1100 years. Lowest δ18O mean values occur north of the summit and east of the main divide as a consequence of Greenland's topography. In general, ice cores drilled on the main ice divide show different results than those drilled east of the main ice divide that might be influenced by secondary regional moisture sources. A stack of all NGT records and the NGRIP record is presented with improved signal-to-noise ratio. Compared to single records, this stack represents the mean δ18O signal for northern Greenland that is interpreted as proxy for temperature. Our northern Greenland δ18O stack indicates distinctly enriched δ18O values during medieval times, about AD 1420 ± 20 and from AD 1870 onwards. The period between AD 1420 and AD 1850 has depleted δ18O values compared to the average for the entire millennium and represents the Little Ice Age. The δ18O values of the 20th century are comparable to the medieval period but are lower than that about AD 1420.
The effect of assimilating satellite-derived soil moisture data in SiBCASA on simulated carbon fluxes in Boreal Eurasia
Authors: van der Molen M. K. , de Jeu R. A. M. , Wagner W. , van der Velde I. R. , Kolari P. , Kurbatova J. , Varlagin A. , Maximov T. C. , Kononov A. V. , Ohta T. , Kotani A. , Krol M. C. , Peters W.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Boreal Eurasia is a region where the interaction between droughts and the carbon cycle may have significant impacts on the global carbon cycle. Yet the region is extremely data sparse with respect to meteorology, soil moisture, and carbon fluxes as compared to e.g. Europe. To better constrain our vegetation model SiBCASA, we increase data usage by assimilating two streams of satellite-derived soil moisture. We study whether the assimilation improved SiBCASA's soil moisture and its effect on the simulated carbon fluxes. By comparing to unique in situ soil moisture observations, we show that the passive microwave soil moisture product did not improve the soil moisture simulated by SiBCASA, but the active data seem promising in some aspects. The match between SiBCASA and ASCAT soil moisture is best in the summer months over low vegetation. Nevertheless, ASCAT failed to detect the major droughts occurring between 2007 and 2013. The performance of ASCAT soil moisture seems to be particularly sensitive to ponding, rather than to biomass. The effect on the simulated carbon fluxes is large, 5–10 % on annual GPP and TER, tens of percent on local NEE, and 2 % on area-integrated NEE, which is the same order of magnitude as the inter-annual variations. Consequently, this study shows that assimilation of satellite-derived soil moisture has potentially large impacts, while at the same time further research is needed to understand under which conditions the satellite-derived soil moisture improves the simulated soil moisture.
A Continuous Dynamic Prediction Model of Gas Pressure Based on Gas Emission at Excavation Face and its Engineering Application
Authors: Liang Chen , Enyuan Wang
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Gas pressure is one of the necessary conditions for the occurrence of coal and gas outburst. Realization of continuous and dynamic gas pressure forecasting is of significance for prevention and control of coal and gas outburst. In this work, we established a gas pressure prediction model based on the source of gas emission with considering fluid-solid coupling process. The verified results showed that the predicted gas pressure was roughly consistent with the actual situation, indicating that the prediction model is correct. And it could meet the need of engineering projects. Coal and gas outburst dynamic phenomenon is successfully predicted in engineering application with the model. Overall, prediction coal and gas outburst with the gas pressure model can achieve the continuous and dynamic effect. It can overcome both the static and sampling shortcomings of traditional methods, and solve the difficulty of coal and gas outburst prediction at the excavation face. With its broad applicability and potential prospect, we believe the model is of great importance for improving prevention and control of gas disasters.
Effects of vertical shear in modelling horizontal oceanic dispersion
Authors: Lanotte A. S. , Corrado R. , Palatella L. , Pizzigalli C. , Schipa I. , Santoleri R.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The effect of vertical shear on the horizontal dispersion properties of passive tracer particles on the continental shelf of the South Mediterranean is investigated by means of observation and model data. In situ current measurements reveal that vertical gradients of horizontal velocities in the upper mixing layer decorrelate quite fast ( ∼  1 day), whereas an eddy-permitting ocean model, such as the Mediterranean Forecasting System, tends to overestimate such decorrelation time because of finite resolution effects. Horizontal dispersion, simulated by the Mediterranean sea Forecasting System, is mostly affected by: (1) unresolved scale motions, and mesoscale motions that are largely smoothed out at scales close to the grid spacing; (2) poorly resolved time variability in the profiles of the horizontal velocities in the upper layer. For the case study we have analysed, we show that a suitable use of deterministic kinematic parametrizations is helpful to implement realistic statistical features of tracer dispersion in two and three dimensions. The approach here suggested provides a functional tool to control the horizontal spreading of small organisms or substance concentrations, and is thus relevant for marine biology, pollutant dispersion as well as oil spill applications.
The modelled surface mass balance of the Antarctic Peninsula at 5.5 km horizontal resolution
Authors: van Wessem J. M. , Ligtenberg S. R. M. , Reijmer C. H. , van de Berg W. J. , van den Broeke M. R. , Barrand N. E. , Thomas E. R. , Turner J. , Wuite J. , Scambos T. A. , van Meijgaard E.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. This study presents a high-resolution (∼  5.5 km) estimate of surface mass balance (SMB) over the period 1979–2014 for the Antarctic Peninsula (AP), generated by the regional atmospheric climate model RACMO2.3 and a firn densification model (FDM). RACMO2.3 is used to force the FDM, which calculates processes in the snowpack, such as meltwater percolation, refreezing and runoff. We evaluate model output with 132 in situ SMB observations and discharge rates from six glacier drainage basins, and find that the model realistically simulates the strong spatial variability in precipitation, but that significant biases remain as a result of the highly complex topography of the AP. It is also clear that the observations significantly underrepresent the high-accumulation regimes, complicating a full model evaluation. The SMB map reveals large accumulation gradients, with precipitation values above 3000 mm we yr−1 in the western AP (WAP) and below 500 mm we yr−1 in the eastern AP (EAP), not resolved by coarser data sets such as ERA-Interim. The average AP ice-sheet-integrated SMB, including ice shelves (an area of 4.1  ×  105 km2), is estimated at 351 Gt yr−1 with an interannual variability of 58 Gt yr−1, which is dominated by precipitation (PR) (365 ± 57 Gt yr−1). The WAP (2.4  ×  105 km2) SMB (276 ± 47 Gt yr−1), where PR is large (276 ± 47 Gt yr−1), dominates over the EAP (1.7  ×  105 km2) SMB (75 ± 11 Gt yr−1) and PR (84 ± 11 Gt yr−1). Total sublimation is 11 ± 2 Gt yr−1 and meltwater runoff into the ocean is 4 ± 4 Gt yr−1. There are no significant trends in any of the modelled AP SMB components, except for snowmelt that shows a significant decrease over the last 36 years (−0.36 Gt yr−2).
#SolidarityIsForWhiteWomen: Hashtags as a Bridge to Feminist “Pasts”
Authors: Klinker Mary Jo
Published: February 2016

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The Form and Content of Human Rights Film: Teaching Larysa Kondracki’s The Whistleblower
Authors: Hamblin Sarah
Published: February 2016

This essay argues that the consistent association of human rights film with historical accuracy as a means of raising awareness has led human rights education to focus on filmic content, with fiction films being used primarily as case studies about particular atrocities or as opportunities to discuss more general ethical issues. While the subject matter of human rights films is certainly a major component of human rights education, I maintain that this singular focus prohibits students from examining how a film is situated within a specific matrix of geopolitical power relations and cultural presuppositions. This presumption of truth thus normalizes a westernized worldview, obscuring its ideological foundations and the geopolitical structures that give human rights discourse its universality and function. Using Larysa Kondracki’s The Whistleblower as a teaching case study, this essay demonstrates how an attention to stylistic and generic conventions helps us understand how a film may educate about a particular human rights issue while at the same time propagate the very logics of geopolitical inequality that are implicated in its emergence.
La lectura como actividad de ocio en escolares asturianos de 6º de primaria
Authors: Neira Piñeiro María del Rosario
Published: February 2016

Este trabajo analiza los resultados de una investigación sobre hábitos lectores del alumnado asturiano de 6º de Educación Primaria en su tiempo libre. El estudio utiliza una muestra de 324 escolares de centros públicos urbanos, con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y 12 años, para analizar datos relativos a la actitud hacia la lectura, la importancia de ésta entre las actividades de ocio y la frecuencia lectora.Más de la mitad de los escolares manifiesta una actitud bastante favorable hacia la lectura, y ésta es una de sus actividades de ocio habituales, aunque dedican más tiempo a ver televisión, practicar deportes, usar el ordenador y escuchar música. La mayoría son lectores frecuentes, aunque los no lectores y lectores ocasionales ascienden hasta un 12,96%. Los escolares encuestados leen principalmente libros, seguidos de revistas y cómics, mientras que poco más de un tercio dice leer periódicos frecuentemente.Esta investigación revela también algunas variaciones en actitud hacia la lectura y frecuencia lectora según el centro educativo de procedencia que se pueden relacionar con variables de tipo socio-económico. Además, se observan diferencias entre niños y niñas, pues éstas superan a sus compañeros varones en interés y frecuencia lectora, además de manifestar también divergencias en las preferencias de materiales de lectura.
La selección de textos literarios en el contexto del español como segunda lengua. Investigación cualitativa con adolescentes inmigrantes
Authors: Calvo Valios Virginia , Tabernero Sala Rosa
Published: February 2016

En este artículo se proponen claves de selección de textos literarios para adolescentes inmigrantes de niveles A2 de competencia comunicativa en español. El diseño de la investigación se configura a partir del paradigma cualitativo/interpretativo de corte etnográfico y de la investigación-acción en el escenario de cuatro aulas de español. El análisis de una muestra de treinta jóvenes inmigrantes ante el corpus leído durante el trabajo de campo, aporta seis variables menos centradas en la proyección explícita de la migración, y más sujetas al concepto de distancia como elemento transcendente de la lectura literaria.
La Enseñanza de la Morfología a través del Enfoque Comunicativo y el Aprendizaje Cooperativo en Educación Secundaria: Propuesta Práctica
Authors: Aguilar López Ana María
Published: February 2016

Presentamos a continuación una propuesta práctica que consta de dos sesiones implementadas con diferentes cursos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) del Colegio Círculo Católico, sito en la ciudad de Burgos. Cada sesión tiene una duración de 55 minutos. Dichas sesiones pretenden trabajar la morfología de la lengua española. Su diseño se ha realizado teniendo en cuenta las bases teóricas del enfoque comunicativo y del aprendizaje cooperativo.
La activación de conocimientos previos (ACP): Una estrategia de comprensión lectora
Authors: Llamazares Prieto Mª Teresa
Published: February 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un estudio sobre la activación de conocimientos previos como una de las estrategias que los docentes utilizan para trabajar la comprensión lectora con alumnos de segundo y tercero de Educación Primaria. Los datos que se analizan han sido recogidos mediante observaciones realizadas, durante dos cursos, en diversas aulas de la geografía española. Como resultado del análisis, se ofrece una panorámica de las maneras de activar conocimientos previos y cómo se distribuyen en función del tipo de texto y de la finalidad de la lectura.
A Philosophy of Suffering:
Authors: Stiles Stefanie
Published: February 2016

The major unresolved critical question regarding Nathanael West's dark modernist novella, Miss Lonelyhearts, is whether or not it offers a scintilla of hope for the future of American culture. Otherwise expressed, is redemption possible, or is the work best read as primarily accusatory, part of the negative school of modernism? This article argues that although a wholly redemptive reading is impossible, the work still possesses extrinsic redemptive value: through the very ferocity of its portrayal of dehumanization and suffering, it prompts the reader to ethical reflection, and oftentimes empathy. This thesis is demonstrated through a close reading of the text and a survey of West criticism up to today, including recent studies linking the author's use of the grotesque with compassion. Finally, in order to better understand Miss Lonelyhearts's redemptive implications, the later theory of Richard Rorty is explored, in particular the epistemological and philosophical claims made in Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity. Of greatest relevance to this study is Rorty's claim that only a common understanding of suffering can form the basis for human solidarity, as well as his belief that the unique imaginative quality of literature allows it to communicate philosophical principles better than philosophy itself.
Rilke's Fourth Duino Elegy as Philo-poetic Dialectic
Authors: Trogan Christopher Roland
Published: February 2016

Rilke's Fourth Duino Elegy (1915) offers a poetic solution to the philosophical problem of self-consciousness posed by Kleist's 1810 essay “On the Marionette Theater” (“Über das Marionettentheater”). Although it is well known that philosophical concepts inform Rilke's poetry, most criticism has failed to pay adequate attention to the poet's contributions to philosophical inquiry. After all, it is simpler to present a poetic interpretation “from” a philosophical perspective than to present one that speaks to a philosophical problem. However, a close examination of Elegy IV demonstrates not merely a poetic reinterpretation of a philosophical problem but a significant contribution to and reconfiguration of one.
Bernard Shaw and Paul Ricoeur Emissaries of Hope, Faith, and Wellness
Authors: Einsohn Howard Ira
Published: February 2016

Bernard Shaw and Paul Ricoeur are emissaries of hope, faith, and wellness. Wellness is a holistic concept signifying the overall health of an individual that springs from an optimum balance of mind, body, and spirit. It is a state of being unsustainable without the abiding presence of hope and faith. Hope and faith make it possible for humans to affirm life despite the hardships that ineluctably befall them. And hope and faith—together with the wellness they engender—are precisely the factors that uplift Shaw and Ricoeur in their tireless efforts to make the world a better place for everyone.
Moninkim: A Symbiotic Performance of Ritual, Music, and Dance by the Ejagham People of Nigeria and Cameroon
Authors: Ozah Marie Agatha
Published: February 2016

Among the Ejagham of southeastern Nigeria and Southwestern Cameroon, the performance of the nkim or moninkim ritual marks the passage of a young girl to womanhood. This transition begins when the girl—moninkim—is secluded from the general community and placed in the nju nkim (fattening house or fattening room) where she is pampered, instructed in the Ejagham values, and taught how to dance the nkim dance. This article discusses the ways in which ritual, music, and dance interplay to construct a holistic art form, and examines how moninkim dance performance serves as a hermeneutic site for illuminating the Ejagham culture.
Egyptian Art Institutions and Art Education from 1908 to 1951
Authors: KANE PATRICK
Published: February 2016

The State, envisioning a social function reserved for the fine arts, is engaged in driving the artistic destinies of the country. These politics were imposed as the example of a religion of the state.... But the slow instruction of the masses that has endured since 1908 deviated from the interest of our artists that was formed in the course of these twenty-three years.

—Muhammad Nagi, “Une Politique des Beaux-Arts en Egypte,” (circa 1931)

The cooperative movement began in Egypt in 1908, but up to now it has not taken the necessary steps. Among the reasons are the sluggish ignorance of the masses, and its neglect by the elite and its weakness of character. The chief cause is that the cooperative movement is mostly official, for which civil servants work, and the civil servants do not act responsibly as they should.

—Muhammad ‘Abd Al-Bari, “On the Just Treatment of the Peasant,” Al-Thaqafa (January 1940)

Rather, it is in the totality where the goals of different classes are divided and collide within society. These contradictions were opened up in the origins of the social crises by the explosive upheavals. Members from literature and poetry and philosophy struggled over the origins of this opposition and their works were distinguished with a mark of concern when it showed the different parties between the construction of a single class.

—Ramsis Yunan, “The Dream and the Reality” (March 1940)
Wittgenstein’s and Gombrich’s Parallel Therapeutic Projects and Art Education
Authors: Cunliffe Leslie
Published: February 2016

This article explores parallel tendencies in Ludwig Wittgenstein’s and Ernst Gombrich’s thinking that aimed to dissolve misconceptions about mind, culture, and art that emerged in modernity but that continue to influence current art education. Section one gives an overview of Wittgenstein’s and Gombrich’s therapeutic projects, which drew on perspicuity and genealogy to eliminate confusions in thinking, rather than advance new theories. The second section illustrates Wittgenstein’s and Gombrich’s curative response to modern misconceptions about mind and culture. The analysis is extended in a thematic way to dissolve similar misconceptions that prevail in current art education. The aim of the article is to provide conditions for sustaining better practices of art education.
O território e a intervenção profissional frente à violência enquanto uma expressão da questão social.
Authors: Tonon Alicia Santolini , Suguihiro Vera Lucia Tieko
Published: February 2016

O presente trabalho tem por objetivodiscutir, ainda que de forma brevemente, sobre o tema “território” enquanto umaspecto de relevância junto ao enfrentamento das expressões da questão social –aqui sendo destacada a violência contra crianças e adolescentes – de modo aassegurar o envolvimento das políticas sociais e dos órgãos de proteção egarantias de direitos, a partir da instauração de uma rede de proteção, o quesupõe conhecer os riscos, as vulnerabilidades sociais a que estão sujeitos, bemcomo dos recursos que contam para enfrentar tais situações com menor danopessoal e social possível. A partir do que é evidenciado nas particularidades decada território se possa formular ações que venham ao encontro das necessidadesconcreta da população alvo.
O Benefício de Prestação Continuada para usuários em tratamento hemodialítico
Authors: Barbosa Nathalia Maria , Soares Raquel Cavalcante , Perusso Ilka Aquino de Oliveira
Published: February 2016

Resumo:                             
Os usuários com Doença Renal Crônica – DRC ao iniciarem o tratamento hemodialítico, em sua maioria, afastam-se do trabalho por diversos fatores que envolvem o tratamento e o mundo do trabalho. Essa situação pode ser considerada um agravante para aqueles que não são segurados da previdência social, e por isso, sem direitos que garantam a manutenção da sua renda enquanto estiverem em terapia hemodialítica. Para esses desprotegidos da previdência social, só lhes restam a assistência social, especificamente o Benefício de Prestação Continuada -  BPC, como o único meio possível de acesso à renda. Contudo, ao acessar o BPC confrontam-se com algumas contradições da política de assistência social, a exemplo a focalização do benefício na pobreza extrema. Partindo desse pressuposto, o presente artigo objetiva analisar as contradições e possíveis dificuldades, no acesso a este benefício pelos usuários em hemodiálise no HC/UFPE e sua importância para reprodução social desses. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa fundamentada pela teoria social crítica Marxiana, por meio de levantamento bibliográfico e pesquisa de campo. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam a impossibilidade dos usuários em manterem-se no trabalho e as dificuldades no acesso ao BPC, e revelam a importância do beneficio para o suprimento das necessidades básicas dos usuários e de suas famílias.

 
Cofinanciamento das Políticas Sociais no Contexto do Federalismo Brasileiro do Século XXI
Authors: Salvador Evilasio
Published: February 2016

O arranjo federativo pós-­?Constituição de 1988 vem indicando a maior responsabilidade das unidades federativas e dos munícipios na execução das políticas sociais, ao mesmo tempo em que se conferiu maior autonomia na arrecadação tributária. A partir dos anos 2000, as novas regulamentações das políticas sociais nas áreas de educação, saúde e assistência social vem exigindo um maior esforço de recursos orçamentários dos estados, do Distrito Federal e dos municípios, sem a criação ou aporte de receitas fiscais adicionais. Nas políticas sociais, importantes mudanças legislativas marcam a primeira década do século XXI no Brasil com implicações diretas no arranjo federativo e por consequência no cofinanciamento das políticas sociais. O objetivo principal do artigo é analisar o montante de recursos aplicados pela União, estados, DF e municípios nas funções orçamentárias: assistência social, saúde e educação, no período de 2002 a 2012, evidenciando o confinaciamento dessas políticas sociais. Assim como, o de identificar alguns obstáculos criados pelo ajuste fiscal em curso no país para expansão do cofinanciamento das políticas sociais.
A contribuição do Serviço Social na garantia da permanência dos estudantes: um estudo a partir das escolas públicas estaduais do Município de Rolândia/PR
Authors: Almeida Jaqueline Natália de , Silva Claudia Neves da
Published: February 2016

A escola é um espaço social caracterizado pela presença de situações provocadas pelas condições materiais de existência dos estudantes, as quais se reproduzem e se conflituam no cotidiano acadêmico. Neste artigo, nos propomos investigar como o Serviço Social poderá contribuir para a permanência dos estudantes na escola. Para concretização da pesquisa, foram entrevistados três diretores e uma diretora auxiliar de todas as escolas públicas estaduais do Município de Rolândia/PR. Para superação da evasão escolar, seja em municípios de pequeno, médio ou grande porte, a educação não pode ser efetivada isoladamente das demais políticas sociais, ao contrário, deve ser implementada de forma articulada com a saúde, a habitação, a assistência social. E o Serviço Social, por meio de sua atuação profissional, poderá contribuir para a efetivação do direito à educação.
A centralidade da família nos serviços de atendimento de pacientes com transtornos mentais e dependentes químicos
Authors: Abreu Amaral Daniela , Fries Bressan Claudete Marlene
Published: February 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar a intervenção profissional do assistente social no trabalho com famílias nos serviços de atendimento à pacientes com transtornos mentais e dependentes químicos.  Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica que aborda as contribuições da reforma psiquiátrica na formulação e implementação das políticas sociais públicas voltadas para saúde mental e dependência química e que visa identificar a inserção da família no processo de tratamento, particularizando a atuação do profissional de Serviço Social. A família contemporânea é entendida como uma instituição social formada por pessoas, entre as quais há laços consanguíneos, parentesco, afinidade e dependência. É, também, espaço de proteção e sobrevivência de seus membros. A atuação profissional do assistente social com as famílias na área da saúde mental e dependência química possui ênfase no trabalho com grupos, que visa a troca de experiências entre os cuidadores como uma forma de potencializar e valorizar os cuidados familiares. A desconstrução de conceitos já estabelecidos socialmente relacionados a essa área de intervenção se constitui como um dos desafios para os assistentes sociais que atendem as famílias. 
O fazer profissional do/a assistente social na unidade de terapia intensiva do HUOL: uma análise sob o olhar dos usuários
Authors: Santos Nayara Costa , Eleutério Adriana Paula da Silva , Lima Rita Lourdes
Published: February 2016

Esse artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada no Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL), vinculado a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), que teve como objetivo analisar o entendimento dos usuários a respeito do fazer profissional dos/as Assistentes Sociais em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulto (UTI). A metodologia utilizada foi a qualitativa com amostra não probabilística intencional a partir de doze entrevistas semi-estruturadas, sendo seis com pacientes da UTI e seis com visitantes. Os resultados apontam uma forte relação entre a escolaridade e a renda dos sujeitos, entre o sexo feminino e o cuidado aos outros e a percepção do Serviço Social como profissão que deve resolver todos os problemas do usuário. 
Necessidades próprias da (c)idade: espaços acessíveis e funcionais para idosos*
Authors: Silva Nayara Mendes , Varoto Vania Aparecida Gurian , Monteiro Luzia Cristina Antoniossi , Bernardinelli Ingrid
Published: February 2016

A transição demográfica consiste uma realidade brasileira. Condições de acessibilidade e funcionalidade possibilitam compreender sobre aspectos que possam contribuir com a inclusão sócioespacial da população. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar aspectos relativos à acessibilidade em um núcleo habitacional para idosos de baixa renda de um município do interior paulista, considerando: moradias, espaços intramuros e entorno. Visa explorar formas de aplicar recursos públicos em prol de melhorias à população, com diferentes atores sociais. O estudo é exploratório, descritivo e observacional participante. Análise de conteúdo a partir do tema em estudo. Ausência de critérios técnicos e de equipamentos que suportem um ambiente acessível, tanto de edificações quanto urbano foi identificada, produzindo dificuldades ao acesso a outros espaços, à mobilidade, tanto no ambiente do núcleo quanto nas imediações. Minimizar problemas sobre condições de mobilidade e acessibilidade no condomínio e no entorno colabora para preservar a independência e segurança do morador, reforça a função social das cidades uma vez que possibilita o exercício do direito de ir e vir, consagrado à moradia digna. Captar recursos, por meio, do uso do Termo de Ajustamento de Conduta-TAC, junto ao Ministério Público, pode ser uma estratégia para (re)utilizar recursos públicos em prol de si mesmo.
Família, terra e trabalho: modos de vida nos cafezais de montanha do sul de Minas Gerais
Authors: Souza Celso Antônio Spagggiari , Freitas Rita de Cássia Santos
Published: February 2016

Este texto tenta compreender a mobilidade social e econômica de pequenos cafeicultores das regiões montanhosas do Sul de Minas Gerais, elegendo como fio condutor das análises as fortes imbricações nas suas vivências entre família, terra e trabalho. Utilizando a força do trabalho familiar, munidos do conhecimento adquirido nas lidas permanentes com a lavoura de café, nas suas relações com a comunidade e serviços de extensão rural, estes sujeitos conseguiram superar a condição original de escassez de recursos econômicos e angariar algum patrimônio, ampliar suas condições de vida e serem reconhecidos no seu grupo social. Para tanto, fazemos uso da observação participante, o acolhimento de histórias de vida de três agricultores em diferentes municípios desta região, indicadores do último censo agropecuário  e o apoio em autores que se dedicam ao tema em uma epistemologia antropológica.
Massacre dos Kaingang em Pitanga – PR, um conflito atrelado a ideologia do branqueamento e a expansão do capital sobre os territórios indígenas
Authors: Gonçalves Cleverson , Fraga Nilson Cesar , Cavatorta Mateus Galvão
Published: February 2016

As primeiras décadas do século XX foram de extrema importância para a formação do atual tecido social brasileiro, este período é marcado pela procura da auto afirmação brasileira enquanto estado-nação, buscava-se o perfil ideal de sociedade que iria constituir-se como brasileira, e nesse perfil os indígenas não estavam inclusos. Atrela-se a isso a expansão do capital para o interior do país, buscando novas terras para dar uma utilização capitalista a essas. Foi nesse contexto que ocorreu a chacina contra os índios Kaingang em 1923 na então Vila da Serra da Pitanga, hoje munícipio de Pitanga – PR, sendo essa chacina marcada pela exurpação do território indígena com objetivos capitalistas. História essa, contada e escrita na grande maioria através do senso comum, e carregado de preconceito, é a história contada pelo vencedor, por uma elite que se formou com base na concentração de terra, e essa apropriação fundiária ocorrendo em um curto período pós-conflito.
Sero-Epidemiological Study of Hepatitis E Virus among Thalassemia as High Risk Patients: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Jahrom, Southern, Iran
Authors: Sotoodeh Jahromi Abdolreza , Ahmadi-vasmehjani Abbas , Zabetian Hassan , Hakimelahi Hossein , Yusefi Alireza , Sanie Mohammad Sadegh , Talebnia Jahromi Somayehsadat , Ghanei Masoud , Sapidkar Abdolali , Erfanian Saiedeh , Madani Abdolhossien , Kafilzadeh Farshid , Kargar Mohammad , Hojjat-Farsangi Mohammad
Published: February 2016

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) could be cause of viral hepatitis in the developing countries and cause severe epidemics. According to other studies, blood transfusion as a probable route of HEV infection has been suggested. An infection with hepatitis agents such as HEV causes active liver failure in multi-transfusion patients in particular thalassemia. The purpose of this study determines the seropositivity of anti-HEV antibodies in thalassemia individuals in Jahrom. In a cross-sectional study, sera from 110 thalassemia were collected between 2013 and 2014. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was performed to detection of anti-HEV antibodies. Individuals’ data were collected such as, demographic and clinical, for statistical analysis. Our results show that 10% and 1.8% of the enrolled patients were HEV Ig-G and Ig-M positive antibodies respectively. In addition, there was statiscally significant difference in age groups for prevalence of anti-HEV Ig-G (P = 0.01). Also the serum levels of liver enzymes such as ALT and AST in the HEV Ig-G and Ig-M positive samples were significantly higher than anti-HEV negative samples. But there were no significant difference between sex and splenectomy with anti-HEV positive samples. The results indicate more study are needed to assess HEV screening of blood products to these patients that those have a probably risk of exposure to HEV especially in higher years old. 
On the Mental Representation of (Un)Healthy Tooth: (Un)Healthy Tooth Profiles among Children
Authors: Dias Maria R. , Simões Nádia P.
Published: February 2016

Objectives: A descriptive study of exploratory character with the objective to determine the representation of a healthy tooth and an unhealthy tooth, associated with the concept of dental decay. Methods: Children of both genders (880), distributed in six age groups of low socio-economic level, some already having prior contact with the dentist and others not. Three instruments were used: a sociodemographic questionnaire, pictograms representation protocols and drawing content analysis grid. Results: Content analysis on the drawings indicates significant discrepancies, inherent to the pictorial profiles. Conclusion: The results point to the need of developing educative tools for oral health.
The Prostitution Business of Greater Mekong Subregion Women in Bangkok and the Adjacent Areas
Authors: Trimek Jomdet , Jermsittiparsert Kittisak , Akahat Noppon , Sieangsung Sarunyaphat , Ratchaphan Sunisa
Published: February 2016

This paper is a qualitative based research, conducting in-depth interviews with 18 subjects consisting of GMS prostitutes working in Bangkok and other relevant informants. The objectives of this research are to study characteristics of the prostitution business in Bangkok and the adjacent areas and to study dynamics of causes, motivation, and the processes of how GMS women entering the prostitution business in Bangkok. The research results show that the entertainment places secretly provide prostitution services in Bangkok and the adjacent areas run the business openly. GMS women and Thai women providing prostitution services is illegal in Thailand. GMS women travelling to Bangkok to provide the prostitution services come from Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, China, and Cambodia, respectively. Although the government takes strict action, the prostitution business cannot be completely eradicated. The most important problem is corruption of government officials in various areas. As for the recommendations, it is advised that there should be a study of international practices consisting of crime control models, especially elimination of corruption of government officials in various areas, legalization model, or decriminalization model in the offence of the prostitution service to study the models suitable for the current situations.
Inspraak van verstandelijk gehandicapten
Authors: Malsch M. , Verhagen-Maat M.L.W.
Published: February 2016

Inspraak van verstandelijk gehandicapten. Effectiviteit en ineffectiviteit van wet- en regelgeving

Dit artikel bespreekt de doelstellingen van de wet- en regelgeving die van toepassing is op inspraak in de zorg en onderzoekt de doelbereiking in de praktijk. Ingegaan wordt op de doelstelling en naleving van de Wet medezeggenschap cliënten zorginstellingen (WMCZ) en van wetten en beleidsregels die betrekking hebben op andere vormen van inspraak van verstandelijk gehandicapten, zoals het zorgplan en het leefwensenonderzoek. Geen van de betrokken wetten of beleidsregels blijkt in de praktijk te functioneren conform het doel: vergroting van de daadwerkelijke inspraak van de cliënt. De vraag wordt gesteld of wet- en regelgeving een geschikte methode is om betere inspraak te bevorderen. In de conclusies worden suggesties voor verbetering van mogelijkheden van inspraak gedaan, waarbij aandacht wordt besteed aan zowel wet- en regelgeving en toezicht als alternatieve benaderingen.
Ontwikkelingen in de governance van onderwijsinstellingen en de rol van medezeggenschap daarbij
Authors: Veringa J.A.P. , Schouten L.
Published: February 2016

Ontwikkelingen in de governance van onderwijsinstellingen en de rol van medezeggenschap daarbij

In deze bijdrage wordt teruggekeken op de ontwikkelingen in de afgelopen tien jaar van sturing in het onderwijs en de rol van de medezeggenschap hierbij. De vraag wat de visie op de rol van maatschappelijk belanghebbenden is en in welke mate de overheid met succes belanghebbenden (zowel de medezeggenschap als andere stakeholders) stimuleert om de kwaliteit van het onderwijs en van het bestuur te verbeteren staat in deze bijdrage centraal. In alle onderwijssectoren is in juridische zin de positie van de medezeggenschap versterkt, maar de medezeggenschap heeft volgens de auteurs beperkte invloed gehad in situaties waar problemen aan het ontstaan waren. Hier valt winst te behalen. Hiermee kan ook de legitimatie van de semipublieke instellingen in het onderwijs worden versterkt. Wij zijn van oordeel dat de rol van de medezeggenschap een meer integraal onderdeel van de visie op goed bestuur in het onderwijs zou moeten zijn.
Xeno-Free Extraction, Culture, and Cryopreservation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Escobar Carlos Hugo , Chaparro Orlando
Published: February 2016

Molecules of animal or bacterial origin, which pose a risk for zoonoses or immune rejection, are commonly used for extraction, culture, and cryopreservation of mesenchymal stem cells. There is no sequential and orderly protocol for producing human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) under xeno-free conditions. After standardizing a human platelet lysate (hPL) production protocol, four human adipose tissue samples were processed through explants with fetal bovine serum (FBS)-supplemented or hPL-supplemented media for extracting the adipose-derived stem cells. The cells were cultivated in cell culture medium + hPL (5%) or FBS (10%). The cellular replication rate, immunophenotype, and differentiation potential were evaluated at fourth passage. Cellular viability was evaluated before and after cryopreservation of the cells, with an hPL-based solution compared with an FBS-based solution. The explants cultured in hPL-supplemented media showed earlier and faster hASC proliferation than did those supplemented with FBS. Likewise, cells grown in hPL-supplemented media showed a greater proliferation rate, without losing the immunophenotype. Osteogenic differentiation of xeno-free hASC was higher than the hASC produced in standard conditions. However, adipogenic differentiation was reduced in xeno-free hASC. Finally, the cells cryopreserved in an hPL-based solution showed a higher cellular viability than the cells cryopreserved in an FBS-based. In conclusion, we have developed a complete xeno-free protocol for extracting, culturing, and cryopreserving hASCs that can be safely implemented in clinical studies.

Significance

This study was performed to standardize a complete ordered protocol to produce xeno-free human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) as a safe therapeutic alternative. Cells were extracted by adipose tissue explants and then cultured and cryopreserved using human platelet lysate (hPL). Different scientific journals have published data regarding the use of hPL as a safe fetal bovine serum substitute for hASC culture, using heparin to avoid clot formation. This article reports the use of hPL for extracting, culturing, and cryopreserving hASCs without anticoagulant.