bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase Synchronization and Dynamic Behavior of a Novel Small Heterogeneous Coupled Network
Authors: Wang Mengjiao , Peng Jiwei , He Shaobo , Zhang Xinan , Iu Herbert Ho-Ching
Published: November 2023

Studying the firing dynamics and phase synchronization behavior of heterogeneous coupled networks helps us understand the mechanism of human brain activity. In this study, we propose a novel small heterogeneous coupled network in which the 2D Hopfield neural network (HNN) and the 2D Hindmarsh–Rose (HR) neuron are coupled through a locally active memristor. The simulation results show that the network exhibits complex dynamic behavior and is different from the usual phase synchronization. More specifically, the membrane potential of the 2D HR neuron exhibits five stable firing modes as the coupling parameter k1 changes. In addition, it is found that in the local region of k1, the number of spikes in bursting firing increases with the increase in k1. More interestingly, the network gradually changes from synchronous to asynchronous during the increase in the coupling parameter k1 but suddenly becomes synchronous around the coupling parameter k1 = 1.96. As far as we know, this abnormal synchronization behavior is different from the existing findings. This research is inspired by the fact that the episodic synchronous abnormal firing of excitatory neurons in the hippocampus of the brain can lead to diseases such as epilepsy. This helps us further understand the mechanism of brain activity and build bionic systems. Finally, we design the simulation circuit of the network and implement it on an STM32 microcontroller.
A Study on Enhanced Electrorheological Performance of Plate-like Materials via Percolation Gel-like Effect
Authors: Jekal Suk , Sa Minki , Chu Yeon-Ryong , Kim Chan-Gyo , Noh Jungchul , Kim Jiwon , Kim Ha-Yeong , Oh Won-Chun , Otgonbayar Zambaga , Yoon Chang-Min
Published: November 2023

The use of plate-like materials to induce a percolation gel-like effect in electrorheological (ER) fluids is sparsely documented. Hence, we dispersed plate-like materials, namely natural mica, synthetic mica, and glass, as well as their pulverized particles, in various concentrations in silicone oil to form ER fluids. Subsequently, the rheological properties of the fluids were evaluated and compared to identify the threshold concentration for percolating a gel-like state. The shear stress and viscoelastic moduli under zero-field conditions confirmed that plate-like materials can be used to induce percolation gel-like effects in ER fluids. This is because of the high aspect ratio of the materials, which enhances their physical stability. In practical ER investigations, ER fluids based on synthetic mica (30.0 wt%) showed the highest yield stress of 516.2 Pa under an electric field strength of 3.0 kV mm−1. This was attributed to the formation of large-cluster networks and additional polarization induced by the ions. This study provides a practical approach for developing a new type of gel-like ER fluid.
Cellulose Nanofiber–Alginate Biotemplated Cobalt Composite Multifunctional Aerogels for Energy Storage Electrodes
Authors: Zhang Felita W. , Trackey Paul D. , Verma Vani , Mandes Galen T. , Calabro Rosemary L. , Presot Anthony W. , Tsay Claire K. , Lawton Timothy J. , Zammit Alexa S. , Tang Edward M. , Nguyen Andrew Q. , Munz Kennedy V. , Nagelli Enoch A. , Bartolucci Stephen F. , Maurer Joshua A. , Burpo F. John
Published: November 2023

Tunable porous composite materials to control metal and metal oxide functionalization, conductivity, pore structure, electrolyte mass transport, mechanical strength, specific surface area, and magneto-responsiveness are critical for a broad range of energy storage, catalysis, and sensing applications. Biotemplated transition metal composite aerogels present a materials approach to address this need. To demonstrate a solution-based synthesis method to develop cobalt and cobalt oxide aerogels for high surface area multifunctional energy storage electrodes, carboxymethyl cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and alginate biopolymers were mixed to form hydrogels to serve as biotemplates for cobalt nanoparticle formation via the chemical reduction of cobalt salt solutions. The CNF–alginate mixture forms a physically entangled, interpenetrating hydrogel, combining the properties of both biopolymers for monolith shape and pore size control and abundant carboxyl groups that bind metal ions to facilitate biotemplating. The CNF–alginate hydrogels were equilibrated in CaCl2 and CoCl2 salt solutions for hydrogel ionic crosslinking and the prepositioning of transition metal ions, respectively. The salt equilibrated hydrogels were chemically reduced with NaBH4, rinsed, solvent exchanged in ethanol, and supercritically dried with CO2 to form aerogels with a specific surface area of 228 m2/g. The resulting aerogels were pyrolyzed in N2 gas and thermally annealed in air to form Co and Co3O4 porous composite electrodes, respectively. The multifunctional composite aerogel’s mechanical, magnetic, and electrochemical functionality was characterized. The coercivity and specific magnetic saturation of the pyrolyzed aerogels were 312 Oe and 114 emu/gCo, respectively. The elastic moduli of the supercritically dried, pyrolyzed, and thermally oxidized aerogels were 0.58, 1.1, and 14.3 MPa, respectively. The electrochemical testing of the pyrolyzed and thermally oxidized aerogels in 1 M KOH resulted in specific capacitances of 650 F/g and 349 F/g, respectively. The rapidly synthesized, low-cost, hydrogel-based synthesis for tunable transition metal multifunctional composite aerogels is envisioned for a wide range of porous metal electrodes to address energy storage, catalysis, and sensing applications.
A Narrative Literature Review on the Role of Exercise Training in Managing Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Piras Alessandro , Raffi Milena
Published: November 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia associated with impaired carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, with concomitant absence of insulin secretion or reduced sensitivity to its metabolic effects. Patients with diabetes mellitus have a 30% more risk of developing heart failure and cardiovascular disease compared to healthy people. Heart and cardiovascular problems are the first cause of death worldwide and the main complications which lead to high healthcare costs. Such complications can be delayed or avoided by taking prescribed medications in conjunction with a healthy lifestyle (i.e., diet and physical activity). The American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association recommend that diabetic people reduce total sedentary time by incorporating physical activity into their weekly routine. This narrative literature review aims to summarize and present the main guidelines, pre-exercise cardiovascular screening recommendations, and considerations for patients with diabetes and comorbidities who are planning to participate in physical activity programs.
Comparative Analysis of Early and Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Spine Disease Using the DIAM Stabilizer and Standard Rehabilitation Program: A Preliminary Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial with 1-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Druszcz Adam , Miś Maciej , Paprocka-Borowicz Małgorzata , Rosińczuk Joanna , Czapiga Bogdan
Published: November 2023

Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability and work absenteeism. The cause of LBP may be degeneration of the intervertebral disc. LBP is characterized by considerable variability and tends to develop into chronic pain. Treatment of LBP includes conservative and rehabilitative treatments, surgery, and so-called minimally invasive treatment. One of the most commonly performed procedures is interspinous stabilization using a dynamic interspinous DIAM (device for intervertebral assisted motion) stabilizer. There is still no clear, strong evidence for the effectiveness and superiority of surgical treatment over conservative treatment. This study aimed to compare the early and long-term outcomes of patients with LBP using the DIAM interspinous stabilizer in relation to patients treated conservatively. A group of 86 patients was prospectively randomized into two comparison groups: A (n = 43), treated with the DIAM dynamic stabilizer for degenerative lumbar spine disease (mean age = 43.4 years ± SD = 10.8 years), and B (n = 43), treated conservatively. Pain severity was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), whereas disability was assessed using the Oswestry disability index (ODI). The difference in preoperative and postoperative ODI scores ≥ 15 points was used as a criterion for treatment effectiveness, and the difference in VAS scores ≥ 1 point was used as a criterion for pain reduction. In patients under general anesthesia, the procedure only included implantation of the DIAM system. Patients in the control group underwent conservative treatment, which included rehabilitation, a bed regimen, analgesic drug treatment and periarticular spinal injections of anti-inflammatory drugs. It was found that all patients (n = 43) continued to experience LBP after DIAM implantation (mean VAS score of 4.2). Of the 36 patients who experienced LBP with sciatica before the procedure, 80.5% (n = 29) experienced a reduction in pain. As for the level of fitness, the average ODI score was 19.3 ± 10.3 points. As for the difference in ODI scores in the pre-treatment results vs. after treatment, the average score was 9.1 ± 10.6. None of the patients required reoperation at 12 months after surgery. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in either early (p = 0.45) or long-term outcomes (p = 0.37). In conclusion, neurosurgical treatment with the DIAM interspinous stabilizer was as effective as conservative treatment and rehabilitation during the one-year follow-up period.
European Grapevine Cultivars and Rootstocks Show Differential Resistance to Xylella fastidiosa Subsp. fastidiosa
Authors: Martínez Sara , Lacuesta Maite , Relloso Juan Bautista , Aragonés Ana , Herrán Ana , Ortiz-Barredo Amaya
Published: November 2023

Several Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa (ST1) strains that cause Pierce’s disease were isolated from grapevine in Spain. In this study, we applied an approach to assess PD susceptibility among 24 different well-known Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera cultivars and five rootstocks belonging to different species of the genus Vitis. Both were commonly commercialized, representing about 75% of the cultivated area in Spain. This method incorporated disease severity, disease progression, and water potential from the stem xylem. The trials were carried out under field and greenhouse conditions. The virulence of the Xff strain XYL 2055/17 was significantly higher than that of strain XYL 2177/18. However, while this difference in strain virulence did not seem to modify the susceptibility profiles of the cultivars, disease severity could be climate dependent. This work established two significantly different groups of European cultivars of grapevine characterized by high and low susceptibility to Xff ST1: cultivars with high susceptibility, including reference cultivars such as Tempranillo and Tempranillo Blanco, and cultivars with high resistance, such as Hondarrabi Zuri and Cabernet Sauvignon. Cultivar susceptibility was independent of the rootstock on which they were grafted. No conclusive data were found regarding the potential of water loss as an early detection test prior to symptom onset. This study provides a framework with which to advance cultivar susceptibility studies under different environmental conditions.
Investigating Multilayer Aquifer Dynamics by Combining Geochemistry, Isotopes and Hydrogeological Context Analysis
Authors: Proteau-Bedard Francis , Baudron Paul , Benoit Nicolas , Nastev Miroslav , Post Ryan , Masse-Dufresne Janie
Published: November 2023

Geochemical tracers have the potential to provide valuable insights for constructing conceptual models of groundwater flow, especially in complex geological contexts. Nevertheless, the reliability of tracer interpretation hinges on its integration into a robust geological framework. In our research, we concentrated on delineating the groundwater flow dynamics in the Innisfil Creek watershed, located in Ontario, Canada. We amalgamated extensive hydrogeological data derived from a comprehensive 3D geological model with the analysis of 61 groundwater samples, encompassing major ions, stable water isotopes, tritium, and radiocarbon. By seamlessly incorporating regional physiographic characteristics, flow pathways, and confinement attributes, we bolstered the efficiency of these tracers, resulting in several notable findings. Firstly, we identified prominent recharge and discharge zones within the watershed. Secondly, we observed the coexistence of relatively shallow and fast-flowing paths with deeper, slower-flowing channels, responsible for transporting groundwater from ancient glacial events. Thirdly, we determined that cation exchange stands as the predominant mechanism governing the geochemical evolution of contemporary water as it migrates toward confined aquifers situated at the base of the Quaternary sequence. Fourthly, we provided evidence of the mixing of modern, low-mineralized water originating from unconfined aquifer units with deep, highly mineralized water within soil–bedrock interface aquifers. These findings not only contribute significantly to the development a conceptual flow model for the sustainable management of groundwater in the Innisfil watershed, but also offer practical insights that hold relevance for analogous geological complexities encountered in other regions.
Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Setting of Reperfusion Therapy: Insights and Strategies for Optimized Care
Authors: Patel Jay , Bhaskar Sonu M. M.
Published: November 2023

Reperfusion therapy in the form of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has revolutionised the field of stroke medicine. Atrial fibrillation (AF) patients constitute a major portion of the overall stroke population; however, the prevalence of AF amongst acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients receiving reperfusion therapy remains unclear. Limitations in our understanding of prevalence in this group of patients are exacerbated by difficulties in appropriately diagnosing AF. Additionally, the benefits of reperfusion therapy are not consistent across all subgroups of AIS patients. More specifically, AIS patients with AF often tend to have poor prognoses despite treatment relative to those without AF. This article aims to present an overview of the diagnostic and therapeutic management of AF and how it mediates outcomes following stroke, most specifically in AIS patients treated with reperfusion therapy. We provide unique insights into AF prevalence and outcomes that could allow healthcare professionals to optimise the treatment and prognosis for AIS patients with AF. Specific indications on acute neurovascular management and secondary stroke prevention in AIS patients with AF are also discussed.
Effects of Electrolyte Compositions and Electrical Parameters on Micro-Arc Oxidation Coatings on 7075 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Abbas Aqeel , Wang Ting-Yi , Lin Hsin-Chih
Published: November 2023

Aluminum alloys are widely used in a variety of industries nowadays for their high strength-to-weight ratio, good formability, low density, and recyclability. However, their poor corrosion and wear resistance properties restrict their applications. This study investigated the effects of electrical parameters and electrolyte compositions on the microstructures of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) film on a 7075 Al alloy substrate. The morphology, microstructure, and compositions of the MAO coatings were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and an electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). Furthermore, measurements of microhardness, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance were also conducted. The cathodic current and duty ratio are proportional to film thickness, which consequently improves the wear and corrosion resistance. The microstructural observations of the aluminate-based coatings revealed that increasing cathodic current reduces the pancake-like structures, and a lot of small pores appear on the top of the coatings, which makes the surface smoother. Moreover, the aluminate-based coatings are mainly composed of α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3, while the silicate-based coatings mainly consist of γ-Al2O3 and a small amount of α-Al2O3 phase. Due to the phase compositions, the microhardness of the aluminate-based coatings can reach 1300~1500 HV and exhibit better wear resistance than silicate-based coatings.
Perceptual Phenomena Cannot Be Approached from a Single Perspective
Authors: Soranzo Alessandro , Taddio Luca
Published: November 2023

This article explores the relationship between neurophysiology and phenomenology in the context of ambiguous figures. Divided into three parts, the study investigates new forms of stimulus and experience errors that arise from ambiguous figures. Part 1 discusses the limitations of a single-disciplinary approach and cautions against relying only on neurophysiological explanations for perceptions. A sole reliance on neurophysiological explanations can lead to stimulus and experience errors, as well as to the development of an unfounded mind/body dualism. Part 2 focusses on the stimulus error associated with ambiguous figures. It also shows how the Mona Lisa’s ambiguous expression can cause the experience error. Unlike other forms of ambiguous figures, different expressions of Mona Lisa are perceived when seen in different definitions. It is shown how assigning a higher ontological status to one of the expressions because it aligns with our knowledge of the nervous system, as conjectured by some authors, gives rise to the experience error. Part 3 emphasises the importance of complementing neurophysiological interpretations with phenomenological ones for a better understanding of perceptual phenomena. Phenomenology provides constraints and corrections to neurophysiology, whereas neurophysiology informs phenomenology through empirical findings. The theory of levels of reality is introduced as a framework to underlie the connections and dependencies between different perspectives. Using both neurophysiological and phenomenological approaches, a comprehensive understanding of perceptual phenomena emerges, surpassing the limitations of each discipline. This method encourages a holistic view of perception, where neurophysiology and phenomenology coexist, complementing and enriching each other’s insights.
Modeling and Control of a DC-DC Buck–Boost Converter with Non-Linear Power Inductor Operating in Saturation Region Considering Electrical Losses
Authors: Molina-Santana Ernesto , Gonzalez-Montañez Felipe , Liceaga-Castro Jesus Ulises , Jimenez-Mondragon Victor Manuel , Siller-Alcala Irma
Published: November 2023

The present work proposes a nonlinear model of a buck–boost DC-DC power converter considering the nonlinear magnetic characteristics of the power inductor and electrical losses of the system. The Euler–Lagrange formalism is used for formulating the proposed model. Previous research works have reported mathematical models to describe power inductor dynamics. However, a gap in the literature remains regarding modeling this kind of element when it operates within power converters. Also, a linear-based controller scheme is proposed to regulate a non-ideal buck–boost DC-DC power converter. A methodology for tuning the proposed controller is presented, which considers the nonlinear model structure of the power converter, the linearization procedure based on an identification process, and a frequency domain analysis based on the approximated linear model. Finally, the tuned control scheme is tested on the nonlinear model of the power converter under several operational conditions showing excellent performance by effectively regulating the output voltage. The results are compared with those derived from alternative control strategies, and a better performance is generally obtained.
Ricci Vector Fields
Authors: Alohali Hanan , Deshmukh Sharief
Published: November 2023

We introduce a special vector field ω on a Riemannian manifold (Nm,g), such that the Lie derivative of the metric g with respect to ω is equal to ρRic, where Ric is the Ricci tensor of (Nm,g) and ρ is a smooth function on Nm. We call this vector field a ρ-Ricci vector field. We use the ρ-Ricci vector field on a Riemannian manifold (Nm,g) and find two characterizations of the m-sphere Smα. In the first result, we show that an m-dimensional compact and connected Riemannian manifold (Nm,g) with nonzero scalar curvature admits a ρ-Ricci vector field ω such that ρ is a nonconstant function and the integral of Ricω,ω has a suitable lower bound that is necessary and sufficient for (Nm,g) to be isometric to m-sphere Smα. In the second result, we show that an m-dimensional complete and simply connected Riemannian manifold (Nm,g) of positive scalar curvature admits a ρ-Ricci vector field ω such that ρ is a nontrivial solution of the Fischer–Marsden equation and the squared length of the covariant derivative of ω has an appropriate upper bound, if and only if (Nm,g) is isometric to m-sphere Smα.
HVAC Load Forecasting Based on the CEEMDAN-Conv1D-BiLSTM-AM Model
Authors: Xiao Zhicheng , Yu Lijuan , Zhang Huajun , Zhang Xuetao , Su Yixin
Published: November 2023

Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems consume approximately 60% of the total energy consumption in public buildings, and an effective way to reduce HVAC energy consumption is to provide accurate load forecasting. This paper proposes a load forecasting model CEEMDAN-Conv1D-BiLSTM-AM which combines empirical mode decomposition and neural networks. The load data are decomposed into fifteen sub-sequences using complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN). The neural network inputs consist of the decomposition results and five exogenous variables. The neural networks contain a one-dimensional convolutional layer, a BiLSTM layer, and an attention mechanism layer. The Conv1D is employed to extract deep features from each input variable, while BiLSTM and the attention mechanism layer are used to learn the characteristics of the load time series. The five exogenous variables are selected based on the correlation analysis between external factors and load series, and the number of input steps for the model is determined through autocorrelation analysis of the load series. The performance of CEEMDAN-Conv1D-BiLSTM-AM is compared with that of five other models and the results show that the proposed model has a higher prediction accuracy than other models.
Effects of an Impaired Fasting Glucose on the Left Atrial Strain Evaluated by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Bingöl Gülsüm , Avcı Demir Fulya , Özmen Emre , Ünlü Serkan , Özden Özge , Tokdil Kardelen Ohtaroğlu , Arsoy Leyla Bulut , Özpamuk Karadeniz Fatma , Ökçün Barış
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives: Similar to diabetes, the presence of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function (DD) has been reported in various studies which were conducted with people with a diagnosis of an impaired fasting blood glucose (FBG). This study aimed to examine the effects of the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels on the left atrial strain (LAS) estimated by two-dimensional echocardiography speckle tracking analyses in patients without known diabetes. Material and Methods: The study included 148 participants (74 female and 74 male) without a history of diabetes mellitus or chronic disease. The patients were divided into two groups as follows: individuals with an FBG < 100 mg/dL and those with an FBG between 100 and 125 mg/dL after at least 8 h of overnight fasting. According to these FBG levels, speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) measures were compared. Results: There was a significant decrease in the LA reservoir (52.3 ± 15 vs. 44.5 ± 10.7; p = 0.001) and conduit strain (36.9 ± 11.7 vs. 28.4 ± 9.7; p = 0.001) in the impaired FBG group. When the STE findings of both ventricles were compared, no significant difference was observed between the groups in right and left ventricular strain imaging. Conclusions: In the earliest stage of LVDD, changes in atrial functional parameters become particularly evident. Echocardiographic analyses of these parameters can help to diagnose and determine the degree of LVDD while the morphological parameters are still normal. The addition of LAS imaging to routine transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) studies in patients with an impaired FBG but without a DM diagnosis may be helpful in demonstrating subclinical LVDD or identifying patients at risk for LVDD in this patient group.
N-Acetylcysteine Alleviates the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Three-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Chiu Ai-Hua , Wang Chih-Jen , Lin Ya-Ling , Wang Chia-Liang , Chiang Tsay-I
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is approximately 10% of the population in many countries. CKD progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), resulting in adverse outcomes, prolonged hospitalization, and increased healthcare costs. Therefore, reducing CKD progression to ESRD is recognized as an important health issue. Materials and Methods: Data from the study participants with stage 3 to stage 5 CKD (n = 7668) were collected from the National Health Insurance (NHI) program in Taiwan (1 November 2014 to 31 December 2020). CKD patients who had ingested or not ingested N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for three years were divided into the study group (NAC users; n = 165) and the control group (NAC non-users; n = 165) to explore whether NAC use could alleviate CKD progression and reduce the risks associated with hemodialysis in CKD patients. Results: The levels of serum creatinine (SCr) and estimated globular filtration rate (eGFR) were nearly unchanged and/or slightly changed in NAC users, but the SCr levels were slightly increased, and the eGFR levels were significantly decreased in NAC non-users at the six-month interval during the three years. A statistical difference was observed between the two groups for both levels from 12 months to 36 months. The incidence rate of hemodialysis was significantly lower in NAC users than in non-NAC users (4.8% vs. 12.7%, Wald test = 5.947, p = 0.015, OR = 34.9). These results indicated that NAC use may improve renal function of CKD patients by modulating SCr and eGFR and, in turn, reducing the risk of hemodialysis. Conclusions: We investigated whether NAC could be used to reduce CKD progression to ESRD. For the three-year retrospective study, the incidence rate of hemodialysis was significantly lower in NAC users than in non-NAC users via modulating SCr and eGRF levels. NAC use might be a useful clinical approach for reducing CKD progression to ESRD.
Value of Proximal Femur Geometry in Predicting Occult Hip Fracture
Authors: Bökeler Ulf , Liener Ulrich , Vogeley Nils , Mayer Benjamin , Horsch Cornelia , Tröster Fridolin , Eschbach Daphne , Ruchholtz Steffen , Knauf Tom
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives: Patients with occult hip fractures are a difficult subgroup to treat. MRI is the gold standard for diagnosing occult proximal femur fractures but is costly and may not be readily available in an emergency setting. The purpose of this study was to determine whether changes in the proximal femur geometry can predict the likelihood of an occult hip fracture in patients presenting with hip pain following a ground-level fall. Material and Methods: Patients admitted to the hospital with a clinical suspicion of a hip fracture but initial negative radiographs over a seven-year period were included. All patients were additionally investigated with an MRI scan, and retrospectively, six radiologic parameters were obtained on plain radiographs: The cortical thickness index (CTI), the canal to calcar ratio (CCR), the canal flare index (CFI), the morphological cortical index (MCI), the canal bone ratio (CBR) and the canal bone aria ratio (CBAR). Subsequently the result of the plain radiographic indices of the patients with a negative MRI (Group A, no occult fracture) were compared to those with a positive MRI (Group B, occult fracture). Results: A total of 78 patients (59 female, 19 male) could be included in the study. The mean age was 82 years. The univariate analyses revealed a poor predictive ability of all radiological parameters with AUC values ranging from 0.515 (CBR) to 0.626 (CTI), whereas a multivariate prognostic model demonstrated improved prognosis (AUC = 0.761) for the CTI (p = 0.024), CBAR (p = 0.074) and CRR (p = 0.081) as the most promising predictive radiological parameters. Conclusions: Single radiologic indices obtained from conventional X-rays of the proximal femur have a weak predictive value in detecting occult fractures of the hip and cannot be used as clinical decision-making factors.
Risk Factors of Postoperative Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Duchnowski Piotr , Śmigielski Witold
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives. Hospital-acquired pneumonia is one of the complications that may occur in the postoperative period in patients undergoing heart valve surgery, which may result in prolonged hospitalization, development of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation or even death. This study investigated the preoperative risk factors of postoperative pneumonia after heart valve surgery. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study in a group of consecutive patients with hemodynamically significant valvular heart disease undergoing valve surgery. The primary endpoint at the in-hospital follow-up was hospital-acquired pneumonia after heart valve surgery. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess which variables were predictive of the primary endpoint, and odds ratios (ORdis) were calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Multivariate analysis was based on the results of single-factor logistic regression, i.e., in further steps all statistically significant variables were taken into consideration. Results: The present study included 505 patients. Postoperative pneumonia occurred in 23 patients. The mean time to diagnosis of pneumonia was approximately 3 days after heart valve surgery (±2 days). In multivariate analysis, preoperative level of high-sensitivity Troponin T (hs-TnT) (OR 2.086; 95% CI 1.211–3.593; p = 0.008) and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) (OR 1.043; 95% CI 1.018–1.067; p 0.004) remained independent predictors of the postoperative pneumonia. Of the patients with postoperative pneumonia, 3 patients died due to the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Conclusions: Preoperative determination of serum hs-TnT concentration and echocardiographic measurement of the RVSP parameter may be useful in predicting postoperative pneumonia in patients undergoing heart valve surgery.
Creep–Fatigue Life Estimation of Gr.91 Steel and Its Welded Joints
Authors: Nonaka Isamu
Published: November 2023

A series of creep–fatigue tests of Gr.91 steel were performed at 600 °C. Fatigue life was reduced by tensile strain holding. The minimum life reduction factor was approximately 0.3. The creep–fatigue life could not be estimated properly via the conventional linear summation rule of the fatigue damage and creep damage. Since this material is considered to have a large creep–fatigue interaction, it was proposed that the creep–fatigue life should be estimated using the improved linear summation rule of the fatigue damage, the creep damage and the creep–fatigue interaction damage. In the future, it will be necessary to clarify the creep–fatigue interaction mechanism and define its damage value. On the other hand, a series of creep–fatigue tests for Gr.91 steel welded joints were also performed in the strain range of 0.5% at 600 °C. Again, the fatigue life was shortened by the tensile strain holding. The minimum fatigue life reduction factor was approximately 0.2. All the test pieces fractured in the fine-grained HAZ of the welded joints. The creep–fatigue life could not be estimated properly using the linear summation rule of the fatigue damage and creep damage in the HAZ. One possible reason was thought to be the effects of the elastic follow-up phenomena peculiar to welded joints. The creep strain of the HAZ might increase due to the transfer of the elastic strain from both the base metal and the weld metal, according to the elastic follow-up phenomena during strain holding. In the future, it will be important to quantitatively estimate the effects of the elastic follow-up phenomena.
Comprehensive Genomic Characterization of Cronobacter sakazakii Isolates from Infant Formula Processing Facilities Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Mousavi Zeinab Ebrahimzadeh , Koolman Leonard , Macori Guerrino , Fanning Séamus , Butler Francis
Published: November 2023

Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen linked to outbreaks in powdered infant formula (PIF), primarily causing meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to characterize 18 C. sakazakii strains isolated from PIF (powdered infant formula) manufacturing plants (2011–2015). Sequence Type (ST) 1 was identified as the dominant sequence type, and all isolates carried virulence genes for chemotaxis, flagellar motion, and heat shock proteins. Multiple antibiotic resistance genes were detected, with all isolates exhibiting resistance to Cephalosporins and Tetracycline. A significant correlation existed between genotypic and phenotypic antibiotic resistance. The plasmid Col(pHAD28) was identified in the isolates recovered from the same PIF environment. All isolates harbored at least one intact phage. All the study isolates were compared with a collection of 96 publicly available C. sakazakii genomes to place these isolates within a global context. This comprehensive study, integrating phylogenetic, genomic, and epidemiological data, contributes to a deeper understanding of Cronobacter outbreaks. It provides valuable insights to enhance surveillance, prevention, and control strategies in food processing and public health contexts.
Genetic and Phenotypic Virulence Potential of Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Isolated from German Retail Seafood
Authors: Zhang Quantao , Alter Thomas , Strauch Eckhard , Hammerl Jens Andre , Schwartz Keike , Borowiak Maria , Deneke Carlus , Fleischmann Susanne
Published: November 2023

Non-O1 and non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) can cause gastrointestinal infections in humans. Contaminated food, especially seafood, is an important source of human infections. In this study, the virulence potential of 63 NOVC strains isolated from retail seafood were characterized at the genotypic and phenotypic levels. Although no strain encoded the cholera toxin (CTX) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), several virulence factors, including the HlyA hemolysin, the cholix toxin ChxA, the heat-stable enterotoxin Stn, and genes coding for the type 3 and type 6 secretion systems, were detected. All strains showed hemolytic activity against human and sheep erythrocytes: 90% (n = 57) formed a strong biofilm, 52% (n = 33) were highly motile at 37 °C, and only 8% (n = 5) and 14% (n = 9) could resist ≥60% and ≥40% human serum, respectively. Biofilm formation and toxin regulation genes were also detected. cgMLST analysis demonstrated that NOVC strains from seafood cluster with clinical NOVC strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results in the identification of five strains that developed non-wildtype phenotypes (medium and resistant) against the substances of the classes of beta-lactams (including penicillin, carbapenem, and cephalosporin), polymyxins, and sulphonamides. The phenotypic resistance pattern could be partially attributed to the acquired resistance determinants identified via in silico analysis. Our results showed differences in the virulence potential of the analyzed NOVC isolated from retail seafood products, which may be considered for further pathogenicity evaluation and the risk assessment of NOVC isolates in future seafood monitoring.
A Simple In Vitro Test to Select Stools for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation to Limit Intestinal Carriage of Extensively Drug-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Salandre Angélique , Delannoy Johanne , Goudiaby Marie Thérèse Barba , Barbut Frédéric , Thomas Muriel , Waligora-Dupriet Anne-Judith , Kapel Nathalie
Published: November 2023

Treatment options for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are limited and often ineffective. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a promising therapy for intestinal multidrug-resistant bacterial decolonization. However, clinical results are discrepant. The aim of our pilot study was to evaluate the screening performance of a simple diagnostic tool to select fecal samples that will be effective in decolonizing the intestine. Fecal samples from 10 healthy subjects were selected. We developed an agar spot test to evaluate their antagonistic activity toward the growth of VanA Enterococcus faecium and OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, two of the most serious and urgent threats of antibiotic resistance. Most fecal samples were able to limit the growth of both bacteria in vitro but with large inter-individual variation. The samples with the highest and lowest antagonistic activity were used for FMT in a mouse model of intestinal colonization. FMT was not successful in reducing intestinal colonization with VanA Enterococcus faecium, whereas FMT performed with the fecal sample showing the highest activity on the agar spot test was able to significantly reduce the intestinal colonization of mice with Klebsiella pneumoniae OXA-48. The agar spot test could thus serve as a reliable screening tool to select stool samples with the best potential to eradicate/reduce multidrug-resistant bacteria carriage after FMT.
In Silico and In Vitro Search for Dual Inhibitors of the Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania major Pteridine Reductase 1 and Dihydrofolate Reductase
Authors: Possart Katharina , Herrmann Fabian C. , Jose Joachim , Schmidt Thomas J.
Published: November 2023

The parasites Trypanosoma brucei (Tb) and Leishmania major (Lm) cause the tropical diseases sleeping sickness, nagana, and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Every year, millions of humans, as well as animals, living in tropical to subtropical climates fall victim to these illnesses’ health threats. The parasites’ frequent drug resistance and widely spread natural reservoirs heavily impede disease prevention and treatment. Due to pteridine auxotrophy, trypanosomatid parasites have developed a peculiar enzyme system consisting of dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS) and pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1) to support cell survival. Extending our previous studies, we conducted a comparative study of the T. brucei (TbDHFR, TbPTR1) and L. major (LmDHFR, LmPTR1) enzymes to identify lead structures with a dual inhibitory effect. A pharmacophore-based in silico screening of three natural product databases (approximately 4880 compounds) was performed to preselect possible inhibitors. Building on the in silico results, the inhibitory potential of promising compounds was verified in vitro against the recombinant DHFR and PTR1 of both parasites using spectrophotometric enzyme assays. Twelve compounds were identified as dual inhibitors against the Tb enzymes (0.2 μM < IC50 < 85.1 μM) and ten against the respective Lm enzymes (0.6 μM < IC50 < 84.5 μM). These highly promising results may represent the starting point for the future development of new leads and drugs utilizing the trypanosomatid pteridine metabolism as a target.
Dipeptides Containing Pyrene and Modified Photochemically Reactive Tyrosine: Noncovalent and Covalent Binding to Polynucleotides
Authors: Sviben Igor , Glavaš Mladena , Erben Antonija , Bachelart Thomas , Pavlović Saftić Dijana , Piantanida Ivo , Basarić Nikola
Published: November 2023

Dipeptides 1 and 2 were synthesized from unnatural amino acids containing pyrene as a fluorescent label and polynucleotide binding unit, and modified tyrosine as a photochemically reactive unit. Photophysical properties of the peptides were investigated by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence. Both peptides are fluorescent (Φf = 0.3–0.4) and do not show a tendency to form pyrene excimers in the concentration range < 10−5 M, which is important for their application in the fluorescent labeling of polynucleotides. Furthermore, both peptides are photochemically reactive and undergo deamination delivering quinone methides (QMs) (ΦR = 0.01–0.02), as indicated from the preparative photomethanolysis study of the corresponding N-Boc protected derivatives 7 and 8. Both peptides form stable complexes with polynucleotides (log Ka > 6) by noncovalent interactions and similar affinities, binding to minor grooves, preferably to the AT reach regions. Peptide 2 with a longer spacer between the fluorophore and the photo-activable unit undergoes a more efficient deamination reaction, based on the comparison with the N-Boc protected derivatives. Upon light excitation of the complex 2·oligoAT10, the photo-generation of QM initiates the alkylation, which results in the fluorescent labeling of the oligonucleotide. This study demonstrated, as a proof of principle, that small molecules can combine dual forms of fluorescent labeling of polynucleotides, whereby initial addition of the dye rapidly forms a reversible high-affinity noncovalent complex with ds-DNA/RNA, which can be, upon irradiation by light, converted to the irreversible (covalent) form. Such a dual labeling ability of a dye could have many applications in biomedicinal sciences.
New Spectroelectrochemical Insights into Manganese and Rhenium Bipyridine Complexes as Catalysts for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Barbero Alice , Rotundo Laura , Reviglio Chiara , Gobetto Roberto , Sokolova Romana , Fiedler Jan , Nervi Carlo
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to demonstrate the behavior of different complexes using IR spectroelectrochemistry (SEC), a technique that combines IR spectroscopy with electrochemistry. Four different Mn and Re catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction were studied in dry acetonitrile. In the case of Mn(apbpy)(CO)3Br (apbpy = 4(4-aminophenyl)-2,2′-bipyridine), SEC suggested that a very slow catalytic reduction of CO2 also occurs in acetonitrile in the absence of proton donors, but at rather negative potentials. In contrast, the corresponding Re(apbpy)(CO)3Br clearly demonstrated slow catalytic conversion at the first reduction potential. Switching to saturated CO2 solutions in a mixture of acetonitrile and 5% water as a proton donor, the SEC of Mn(apbpy)(CO)3Br displayed a faster catalytic behavior.
Excellent Dark/Light Dual-Mode Photoresponsive Activities Based on g-C3N4/CMCh/PVA Nanocomposite Hydrogel Using Electron Beam Radiation Method
Authors: Yang Jin-Yu , Tang Dong-Xu , Liu Dong-Liang , Liu Kun , Yang Xiao-Jie , Li Yue-Sheng , Liu Yi
Published: November 2023

Photocatalytic technology for inactivating bacteria in water has received much attention. In this study, we reported a dark–light dual-mode sterilized g-C3N4/chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (g-CP) prepared through freeze–thaw cycling and an in situ electron-beam radiation method. The structures and morphologies of g-CP were confirmed using Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solid ultraviolet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Photocatalytic degradation experiments demonstrated that 1 wt% g-CP degraded rhodamine B (RhB) up to 65.92% in 60 min. At the same time, g-CP had good antimicrobial abilities for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) within 4 h. The shapes of g-CP were adjustable (such as bar, cylinder, and cube) and had good mechanical properties and biocompatibility. The tensile and compressive modulus of 2 wt% g-CP were 0.093 MPa and 1.61 MPa, respectively. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) test and Hoechst33342/PI double staining were used to prove that g-CP had good biocompatibility. It is expected to be applied to environmental sewage treatment and wound dressing in the future.
The Sticking of N2 on W(100) Surface: An Improvement in the Description of the Adsorption Dynamics Further Reconciling Theory and Experiment
Authors: Rutigliano Maria , Pirani Fernando
Published: November 2023

The adsorption of nitrogen molecules on a (100) tungsten surface has been studied using a new potential energy surface in which long-range interactions are suitably characterized and represented by the Improved Lennard–Jones function. The new potential energy surface is used to carry out molecular dynamics simulations by adopting a semiclassical collisional method that explicitly includes the interaction with the surface phonons. The results of the sticking probability, evaluated as a function of the collision energy, are in good agreement with those obtained in the experiments and improve the already good comparison recently obtained with calculations performed using interactions from the Density Functional Theory method and corrected for long-range van der Waals contributions. The dependence of trapping probability on the surface temperature for a well-defined collision energy has also been investigated.
Advancements in Flame-Retardant Systems for Rigid Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Yuan Yao , Lin Weiliang , Xiao Yi , Yu Bin , Wang Wei
Published: November 2023

The amplified employment of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) has accentuated the importance of its flame-retardant properties in stimulating demand. Thus, a compelling research report is essential to scrutinize the recent progression in the field of the flame retardancy and smoke toxicity reduction of RPUF. This comprehensive analysis delves into the conventional and innovative trends in flame-retardant (FR) systems, comprising reactive-type FRs, additive-type FRs, inorganic nanoparticles, and protective coatings for flame resistance, and summarizes their impacts on the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and smoke toxicity suppression of the resultant foams. Nevertheless, there are still several challenges that require attention, such as the migration of additives, the insufficient interfacial compatibility between flame-retardant polyols or flame retardants and the RPUF matrix, and the complexity of achieving both flame retardancy and mechanical properties simultaneously. Moreover, future research should focus on utilizing functionalized precursors and developing biodegradable RPUF to promote sustainability and to expand the applications of polyurethane foam.
Secondary Metabolites for the Reduction of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Ragusa Andrea
Published: November 2023

Oxidative stress is a condition that occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s ability to neutralize them [...]