bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Astrocytes in the Ventral Hippocampus Bidirectionally Regulate Innate and Stress‐Induced Anxiety‐Like Behaviors in Male Mice
Authors: Li Jing‐Ting , Jin Shi‐Yang , Hu Jian , Xu Ru‐Xia , Xu Jun‐Nan , Li Zi‐Ming , Wang Meng‐Ling , Fu Yi‐Wen , Liao Shi‐Han , Li Xiao‐Wen , Chen Yi‐Hua , Gao Tian‐Ming , Yang Jian‐Ming
Published: August 2024

The mechanisms of anxiety disorders, the most common mental illness, remain incompletely characterized. The ventral hippocampus (vHPC) is critical for the expression of anxiety. However, current studies primarily focus on vHPC neurons, leaving the role for vHPC astrocytes in anxiety largely unexplored. Here, genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator GCaMP6m and in vivo fiber photometry calcium imaging are used to label vHPC astrocytes and monitor their activity, respectively, genetic and chemogenetic approaches to inhibit and activate vHPC astrocytes, respectively, patch‐clamp recordings to measure glutamate currents, and behavioral assays to assess anxiety‐like behaviors. It is found that vHPC astrocytic activity is increased in anxiogenic environments and by 3‐d subacute restraint stress (SRS), a well‐validated mouse model of anxiety disorders. Genetic inhibition of vHPC astrocytes exerts anxiolytic effects on both innate and SRS‐induced anxiety‐related behaviors, whereas hM3Dq‐mediated chemogenetic or SRS‐induced activation of vHPC astrocytes enhances anxiety‐like behaviors, which are reversed by intra‐vHPC application of the ionotropic glutamate N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor antagonists. Furthermore, intra‐vHPC or systemic application of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor antagonist memantine, a U.S. FDA‐approved drug for Alzheimer's disease, fully rescues SRS‐induced anxiety‐like behaviors. The findings highlight vHPC astrocytes as critical regulators of stress and anxiety and as potential therapeutic targets for anxiety and anxiety‐related disorders.
Histones Methyltransferase NSD3 Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma Glycolysis Through Interacting with PPP1CB to Decrease STAT3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhou Yanling , Peng Xintong , Fang Cheng , Peng Xin , Tang Jianing , Wang Zuli , Long Yao , Chen Jielin , Peng Yuanhao , Zhang Zewen , Zhou Yanmin , Tang Jun , Liao Jingzhong , Xiao Desheng , Tao Yongguang , Shi Ying , Liu Shuang
Published: August 2024

Histones methyltransferase NSD3 targeting H3K36 is frequently disordered and mutant in various cancers, while the function of NSD3 during cancer initiation and progression remains unclear. In this study, it is proved that downregulated level of NSD3 is linked to clinical features and poor survival in lung adenocarcinoma. In vivo, NSD3 inhibited the proliferation, immigration, and invasion ability of lung adenocarcinoma. Meanwhile, NSD3 suppressed glycolysis by inhibiting HK2 translation, transcription, glucose uptake, and lactate production in lung adenocarcinoma. Mechanistically, as an intermediary, NSD3 binds to PPP1CB and p‐STAT3 in protein levels, thus forming a trimer to dephosphorylate the level of p‐STAT3 by PPP1CB, leading to the suppression of HK2 transcription. Interestingly, the phosphorylation function of PPP1CB is related to the concentration of carbon dioxide and pH value in the culture environment. Together, this study revealed the critical non‐epigenetic role of NSD3 in the regulation of STAT3‐dependent glycolysis, providing a piece of compelling evidence for targeting the NSD3/PPP1CB/p‐STAT3 in lung adenocarcinoma.
Multifaceted Proteome Analysis at Solubility, Redox, and Expression Dimensions for Target Identification
Authors: Saei Amir A. , Lundin Albin , Lyu Hezheng , Gharibi Hassan , Luo Huqiao , Teppo Jaakko , Zhang Xuepei , Gaetani Massimiliano , Végvári Ákos , Holmdahl Rikard , Gygi Steven P. , Zubarev Roman A.
Published: August 2024

Multifaceted interrogation of the proteome deepens the system‐wide understanding of biological systems; however, mapping the redox changes in the proteome has so far been significantly more challenging than expression and solubility/stability analyses. Here, the first high‐throughput redox proteomics approach integrated with expression analysis (REX) is devised and combined with the Proteome Integral Solubility Alteration (PISA) assay. The whole PISA‐REX experiment with up to four biological replicates can be multiplexed into a single tandem mass tag TMTpro set. For benchmarking this compact tool, HCT116 cells treated with auranofin are analyzed, showing great improvement compared with previous studies. PISA‐REX is then applied to study proteome remodeling upon stimulation of human monocytes by interferon α (IFN‐α). Applying this tool to study the proteome changes in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) isolated from wild‐type versus Ncf1‐mutant mice treated with interferon α, shows that NCF1 deficiency enhances the STAT1 pathway and modulates the expression, solubility, and redox state of interferon‐induced proteins. Providing comprehensive multifaceted information on the proteome, the compact PISA‐REX has the potential to become an industry standard in proteomics and to open new windows into the biology of health and disease.
Central Role of Hypothalamic Circuits for Acupuncture's Anti‐Parkinsonian Effects
Authors: Oh Ju‐Young , Lee Hyowon , Jang Sun‐Young , Kim Hyunjin , Park Geunhong , Serikov Almas , Jang Jae‐Hwan , Kim Junyeop , Yang Seulkee , Sa Moonsun , Lee Sung Eun , Han Young‐Eun , Hwang Tae‐Yeon , Jung Sharon Jiyoon , Kim Hee Young , Lee Seung Eun , Oh Soo‐Jin , Kim Jeongjin , Kim Jeongyeon , Kim Jongpil , McHugh Thomas J. , Lee C. Justin , Nam Min‐Ho , Park Hi‐Joon
Published: August 2024

Despite clinical data stretching over millennia, the neurobiological basis of the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating diseases of the central nervous system has remained elusive. Here, using an established model of acupuncture treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) model mice, we show that peripheral acupuncture stimulation activates hypothalamic melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons via nerve conduction. We further identify two separate neural pathways originating from anatomically and electrophysiologically distinct MCH neuronal subpopulations, projecting to the substantia nigra and hippocampus, respectively. Through chemogenetic manipulation specifically targeting these MCH projections, their respective roles in mediating the acupuncture‐induced motor recovery and memory improvements following PD onset are demonstrated, as well as the underlying mechanisms mediating recovery from dopaminergic neurodegeneration, reactive gliosis, and impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Collectively, these MCH neurons constitute not only a circuit‐based explanation for the therapeutic effectiveness of traditional acupuncture, but also a potential cellular target for treating both motor and non‐motor PD symptoms.
Discrete Illumination‐Based Compressed Ultrafast Photography for High‐Fidelity Dynamic Imaging
Authors: Yao Jiali , Guo Zihan , Qi Dalong , Xu Shiyu , Lin Wenzhang , Cheng Long , Jin Chengzhi , He Yu , Xu Ning , Pan Zhen , Mao Jiayi , Yao Yunhua , Deng Lianzhong , Shen Yuecheng , Zhao Heng , Sun Zhenrong , Zhang Shian
Published: August 2024

Compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) can capture irreversible or difficult‐to‐repeat dynamic scenes at the imaging speed of more than one billion frames per second, which is obtained by compressive sensing‐based image reconstruction from a compressed 2D image through the discretization of detector pixels. However, an excessively high data compression ratio in CUP severely degrades the image reconstruction quality, thereby restricting its ability to observe ultrafast dynamic scenes with complex spatial structures. To address this issue, a discrete illumination‐based CUP (DI‐CUP) with high fidelity is reported. In DI‐CUP, the dynamic scenes are loaded into an ultrashort laser pulse train with controllable sub‐pulse number and time interval, thus the data compression ratio, as well as the overlap between adjacent frames, is greatly decreased and flexibly controlled through the discretization of dynamic scenes based on laser pulse train illumination, and high‐fidelity image reconstruction can be realized within the same observation time window. Furthermore, the superior performance of DI‐CUP is verified by observing femtosecond laser‐induced ablation dynamics and plasma channel evolution, which are hardly resolved in the spatial structures using conventional CUP. It is anticipated that DI‐CUP will be widely and dependably used in the real‐time observations of various ultrafast dynamics.
Harnessing Metal‐Organic Frameworks for NIR‐II Light‐Driven Multiphoton Photocatalytic Water Splitting in Hydrogen Therapy
Authors: Lu Xin , Yu Xinlei , Li Bo , Sun Xianshun , Cheng Longjiu , Kai YuanZhong , Zhou Hongping , Tian Yupeng , Li Dandan
Published: August 2024

The construction of near‐infrared (NIR) light‐activated hydrogen‐producing materials that enable the controlled generation and high‐concentration release of hydrogen molecules in deep tumor tissues and enhance the effects of hydrogen therapy holds significant scientific importance. To address the key technical challenge of low‐efficiency oxidation–reduction reactions for narrow‐bandgap photocatalytic materials, this work proposes an innovative approach for the controllable fabrication of multiphoton photocatalytic materials to overcome the limitations imposed by traditional near‐infrared photocatalysts with “narrow‐bandgap” constraints. Herein, an NIR‐responsive multiphoton photocatalyst, ZrTc‐Co, is developed by utilizing a post‐synthetic coordination modification strategy to introduce hydrogenation active site CoII into a multiphoton responsive MOF (ZrTc). The results reveal that with the introduction of the CoII site, electron–hole recombination can be efficiently suppressed, thus promoting the efficiency of hydrogen evolution reaction. In addition, the integration of CoII can effectively enhance charge transfer and improve static hyperpolarizability, which endows ZrTc‐Co with excellent multiphoton absorption. Moreover, hyaluronic acid modification endows ZrTc‐Co with cancer cell‐specific targeting characteristics, laying the foundation for tumor‐specific elimination. Collectively, the proposed findings present a strategy for constructing NIR‐II light‐mediated hydrogen therapeutic agents for deep tumor elimination.
Cholesterol Depletion‐Enhanced Ferroptosis and Immunotherapy via Engineered Nanozyme
Authors: Bai Tingjie , Xue Panpan , Shao Sijie , Yan Shuangqian , Zeng Xuemei
Published: August 2024

Ferroptosis, an iron‐ and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐dependent cell death, holds significant promise for tumor therapy due to its ability to induce lipid peroxidation (LPO) and trigger antitumor immune responses. However, elevated cholesterol levels in cancer cells impede ferroptosis and compromise immune function. Here, a novel nanozyme, Fe‐MOF/CP, composed of iron metal‐organic framework (Fe‐MOF) nanoparticles loaded with cholesterol oxidase and PEGylation for integrated ferroptosis and immunotherapy is introduced. Fe‐MOF/CP depletes cholesterol and generates hydrogen peroxide, enhancing ROS levels and inducing LPO, thereby promoting ferroptosis. This process disrupts lipid raft integrity and downregulates glutathione peroxidase 4 and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1, further facilitating ferroptosis. Concurrently, Fe‐MOF/CP augments immunogenic cell death, reduces programmed death‐ligand 1 expression, and revitalizes exhausted CD8+ T cells. In vivo studies demonstrate significant therapeutic efficacy in abscopal, metastasis, and recurrent tumor models, highlighting the robust antitumor immune responses elicited by Fe‐MOF/CP. This study underscores the potential of Fe‐MOF/CP as a multifunctional therapeutic agent that combines ferroptosis and immunotherapy, offering a promising strategy for effective and durable cancer treatment.
Zr‐MOF Carrier‐Enhanced Dual‐Mode Biosensing Platforms for Rapid and Sensitive Diagnosis of Mpox
Authors: Yang Huiyi , Zheng Judun , Wang Wei , Lin Jingyan , Wang Jingru , Liu Lunjing , Wu Wenjie , Zhang Chengli , Zhang Mingxia , Fu Yu , Yang Bin , Liao Yuhui
Published: August 2024

Dual‐mode readout platforms with colorimetric and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal enhancement are proposed for the ultrasensitive and flexible detection of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) in different scenes. A new nanotag, Ru@U6‐Ru/Pt NPs is constructed for dual‐mode platforms by integrating double‐layered ECL luminophores and the nanozyme using Zr‐MOF (UiO‐66‐NH2) as the carrier, which not only generates enhanced ECL and colorimetric signals but also provide greater stability than that of commonly used nanotags. Dual‐mode platforms are used within 15 min from the “sample in” to the “result out” steps, without nucleic acid amplification. The colorimetric mode allows the screening of MPXV with the visual limit of detection (vLOD) of 0.1 pM (6 × 108 copies µL−1) and the ECL mode supports quantitative detection of MPXV with an LOD as low as 10 aM (6 copies·µL−1), resulting in a broad sensing range of 60 to 3 × 1011 copies·µL−1 (10 orders of magnitude). Validation is conducted using 50 clinical samples, which is 100% concordant to those of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), indicating that Ru@U6‐Ru/Pt NPs‐based dual‐mode sensing platforms showed great promise as rapid, sensitive, and accurate tools for diagnosis of the nucleic acid of MPXV and other infectious pathogens.
PdMoPtCoNi High Entropy Nanoalloy with d Electron Self‐Complementation‐Induced Multisite Synergistic Effect for Efficient Nanozyme Catalysis
Authors: Yang Xuewei , Feng Jianxing , Li Yuechun , Zhu Wenxin , Pan Yifan , Han Yaru , Li Zhonghong , Xie Haijiao , Wang Jianlong , Ping Jianfeng , Tang Wenzhi
Published: August 2024

Engineering multimetallic nanocatalysts with the entropy‐mediated strategy to reduce reaction activation energy is regarded as an innovative and effective approach to facilitate efficient heterogeneous catalysis. Accordingly, conformational entropy‐driven high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) are emerging as a promising candidate to settle the catalytic efficiency limitations of nanozymes, attributed to their versatile active site compositions and synergistic effects. As proof of the high‐entropy nanozymes (HEzymes) concept, elaborate PdMoPtCoNi HEA nanowires (NWs) with abundant active sites and tuned electronic structures, exhibiting peroxidase‐mimicking activity comparable to that of natural horseradish peroxidase are reported. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the enhanced electron abundance of HEA NWs near the Fermi level (EF) is facilitated via the self‐complementation effect among the diverse transition metal sites, thereby boosting the electron transfer efficiency at the catalytic interface through the cocktail effect. Subsequently, the HEzymes are integrated with a portable electronic device that utilizes Internet of Things‐driven signal conversion and wireless transmission functions for point‐of‐care diagnosis to validate their applicability in digital biosensing of urinary biomarkers. The proposed HEzymes underscore significant potential in enhancing nanozymes catalysis through tunable electronic structures and synergistic effects, paving the way for reformative advancements in nano‐bio analysis.
Outstanding CO2 Photoreduction in Single‐Atom Thulium Modified Carbon Nitride
Authors: Ding Cheng , Yang Liuqing , Lu Xinxin , Chi Haoqiang , Yang Yong , Yuan Junyang , Wang Xiaoyong , Wu Xinglong , Zhang Yongcai , Zhou Yong , Zou Zhigang
Published: August 2024

CO2 reduction photocatalysts are favorable for obtaining renewable energy. Enriched active sites and effective photogenerated‐carriers separation are keys for improving CO2 photo‐reduction. A thulium (Tm) single atom tailoring strategy introducing carbon vacancies in porous tubular graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) surpassing the ever‐reported g‐C3N4 based photocatalysts, with 199.47 µmol g−1 h−1 CO yield, 96.8% CO selectivity, 0.84% apparent quantum efficiency and excellent photocatalytic stability, is implemented in this work. Results revealed that in‐plane Tm sites and interlayer‐bridged Tm‐N charge transfer channels significantly enhanced the aggregation/transfer of photogenerated electrons thus promoting CO2 adsorption/activation and contributing to *COOH intermediates formation. Meanwhile, Tm atoms and carbon vacancies both benefit for rich active sites and enhanced photogenerated‐charge separation, thus optimizing reaction pathway and leading to excellent CO2 photo‐reduction. This work not only provides guidelines for CO2 photo‐reduction catalysts design but also offers mechanistic insights into single‐atom based photocatalysts for solar fuel production.
Metasurface‐Embedded Contact Lenses for Holographic Light Projection
Authors: Ko Jiwoo , Kim Gyeongtae , Kim Inki , Hwang Soon Hyoung , Jeon Sohee , Ahn Junseong , Jeong Yongrok , Ha Ji‐Hwan , Heo Hyeonsu , Jeong Jun‐Ho , Park Inkyu , Rho Junsuk
Published: August 2024

Contact lenses have been instrumental in vision correction and are expected to be utilized in augmented reality (AR) displays through the integration of electronic and optical components. In optics, metasurfaces, an array of sub‐wavelength nanostructures, have offered optical multifunctionality in an ultra‐compact form factor, facilitating integration into various imaging, and display systems. However, transferring metasurfaces onto contact lenses remains challenging due to the non‐biocompatible materials of extant imprinting methods and the structural instability caused by the swelling and shrinking of the wetted surface. Here, a biocompatible method is presented to transfer metasurfaces onto contact lenses using hyaluronic acid (HA) as a soft mold and to allow for holographic light projection. A high‐efficiency metahologram is obtained with an all‐metallic 3D meta‐atom enhanced by the anisotropy of a rectangular structure, and a reflective background metal layer. A corrugated metal layer on the HA mold is supported with a SiO2 capping layer, to avoid unwanted wrinkles and to ensure structural stability when transferred to the surface of pliable and wettable contact lenses. Biocompatible method of transferring metasurfaces onto contact lenses promises the integration of diverse optical components, including holograms, lenses, gratings and more, to advance the visual experience for AR displays and human‐computer interfaces.
Organic Multibit Phototransistor Memories with High External Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Bai Shaoling , Haase Katherina , Hambsch Mike , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B.
Published: August 2024

This work reports phototransistor memory devices fabricated using organic planar heterojunctions of two organic semiconductor materials, namely poly(2,5‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)−3,6‐di(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione‐alt‐2,2′‐bithiophene) (PDBPyBT) and 2,9‐didecyldinaphtho[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐f]thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (C10‐DNTT). The results of the study show a broad spectral sensitivity, ranging from UV light to red light. It is found that both organic layers are photoactive but also both play a role in the device's charge‐trapping properties: the PDBPyBT layer is effective in trapping holes while the C10‐DNTT layer traps electrons. The thickness of the PDBPyBT layer is identified as a crucial factor affecting the device performance, with the devices featuring a ≈20 nm thick PDBPyBT layer exhibiting a light‐induced hysteresis of ≈40 V. While the devices with a “ribbon” structured PDBPyBT layer demonstrate a linear response to the increasing light exposures duration. Furthermore, a new method is introduced to evaluate the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the phototransistor memories in order to provide a robust metric that allows a benchmarking comparison of such devices' performance. When assessed using this EQE metric, these devices exhibit exceptionally high efficiency of trapping photogenerated charges compared to other reports. This study also demonstrates that the devices possess multibit programming capabilities, suggesting their potential use in dosimetry applications.
Synergistic Regulation of Hydrogen Bonds and Electrocrystallization for Enhanced Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Wang Yi‐Feng , Song Li‐Na , Wang Yue , Wu Jia‐Yi , Tu Wen‐Bin , Xu Ji‐Jing
Published: August 2024

Aqueous zinc ion batteries are promising candidates for large scale energy‐storage due to their combination of inherent security and abundant reserves. The Zn metal undergoes continuous plating and stripping during electrochemical cycling, accompanied by parasitic side reactions and dendrite growth, which severely impedes the commercialization of batteries. Here, an innovative strategy is introduced in electrolyte engineering, dedicated to enhancing the stability at the Zn/electrolyte interface. Theoretical calculations and in situ experimental analyses collectively demonstrate that methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) additives are beneficial in jointly modulating the hydrogen bonding network and the Zn2+ solvation structure, which in turn restricts H2O activity at the interface. Concurrently, the preferential adsorption of MSM on the Zn surface facilitates the controlled growth of compact zinc layers while suppressing dendritic and parasitic reactions. By modulating the electrolyte and managing the electrode interface, the Zn||Zn symmetric battery can be reversibly cycled over 150 days at a current density of 2 mA cm−2, and the assembled Zn||Cu half‐batteries show impressive cycling stability over 3100 cycles. This study provides an in‐depth comprehension of the Zn2+ plating/stripping behavior, and the development of sophisticated electrolyte systems offers practical guidance for constructing high‐performance zinc‐based batteries.
High‐efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to HCOOH coupling with 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation using flow cell
Authors: Ren Jing , Li Zixian , Ning Chenjun , Li Shaoquan , Zhang Luming , Huang Hengshuo , Zheng Lirong , Kang Young Soo , Luo Mingchuan , Zhao Yufei
Published: August 2024

Among various products from electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2ER), HCOOH is highly profitable one. However, the slow kinetics of anodic oxygen evolution reaction lowers overall energy efficiency, which can be replaced by an electro‐oxidation reaction with low thermodynamic potential and fast kinetics. Herein, we report an electrolysis system coupling CO2ER with 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HMFOR). A BiOCl–CuO catalyst was designed to sustain CO2ER to HCOOH at partial current density of 500 mA/cm2 with FEHCOOH above 90% and 700 mA/cm2 with FEHCOOH above 80%. In situ and ex situ x‐ray absorption fine structure was used to capture the structure transform of BiOCl–CuO into metallic Bi and Cu during CO2ER process, and the presence of CuO will promote this transformation which are supported by DFT calculations. Coupling HMFOR with CO2ER, we realize both FEHCOOH and FEFDCA above 95% simultaneously, providing new prospects vista for the electrosynthesis of value‐added products from paired system.
Missense variant in PIGM associated with severe cystic encephalomalacia and portal vein thrombosis: Phenotypic and genotypic expansion of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect‐1 (GPIBD1)
Authors: Brady Lauren , Yadav Rashmi , Edmondson Andrew C. , Tarnopolsky Mark
Published: August 2024

Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are a type of glycolipid responsible for anchoring many important proteins to the cell membrane surface. Defects in the synthesis of GPIs can lead to a group of multisystem disorders known as the inherited GPI deficiencies (IGDs). Homozygosity for the c.‐270C > G variant in the promoter of PIGM has been associated with a IGD subtype known as glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect‐1 (GPIBD1). The several cases reported in the literature have been described to have a milder neurologic phenotype in comparison to the other IGDs and have been treated with sodium phenylbutyrate with some degree of success. These patients typically present with portal and hepatic vein thrombosis and mostly develop absence seizures. Here we describe a patient homozygous for a nonsynonymous variant in PIGM who deceased at 9 weeks of life and had multiple physical dysmorphisms (rocker bottom feet, midline cleft palate, thickened and lichenified skin), portal vein thrombosis, CNS structural anomalies (progressive multicystic encephalomalacia and ventriculomegaly), and a neurological phenotype of a diffuse encephalopathy. This is the first known case report of a PIGM‐related IGD/CDG due to a coding variant.
Ru(II)‐Catalyzed C8 Alkenylation of Isoquinolones with Allyl Alcohol
Authors: Manisha  , Sharma Tamanna , Sharma Upendra
Published: August 2024

A simple Ru(II)‐catalyzed protocol for the alkenylation of isoquinolones with readily accessible allyl alcohols to generate aldehyde bearing isoquinolones has been developed. The use of green solvent like dimethyl carbonate makes this method environment‐friendly. Experimental studies were carried out to support the proposed mechanism. The reaction was scaled up to showcase the application of the current method.
Fluorine‐Doped Carbon Support Enables Superfast Oxygen Reduction Kinetics by Breaking the Scaling Relationship
Authors: Liang Jinhui , Liang Lecheng , Zeng Binwen , Feng Binbin , Du Li , Qiu Xiaoyi , Wang Yian , Song Huiyu , Liao Shijun , Shao Minhua , Cui Zhiming
Published: August 2024

It is well‐established that Pt‐based catalysts suffer from the unfavorable linear scaling relationship (LSR) between *OOH and *OH (ΔG(*OOH)=ΔG(*OH)+3.2±0.2 eV) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), resulting in a great challenge to significantly reduced ORR overpotentials. Herein, we propose a universal and feasible strategy of fluorine‐doped carbon supports, which optimize interfacial microenvironment of Pt‐based catalysts and thus significantly enhance their reactive kinetics. The introduction of C−F bonds not only weakens the *OH binding energy, but also stabilizes the *OOH intermediate, resulting in a break of LSR. Furthermore, fluorine‐doped carbon constructs a local super‐hydrophobic interface that facilitates the diffusion of H2O and the mass transfer of O2. Electrochemical tests show that the F‐doped carbon‐supported Pt catalysts exhibit over 2‐fold higher mass activities than those without F modification. More importantly, those catalysts also demonstrate excellent stability in both rotating disk electrode (RDE) and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) tests. This study not only validates the feasibility of tuning the electrocatalytic microenvironment to improve mass transport and to break the scaling relationship, but also provides a universal catalyst design paradigm for other gas‐involving electrocatalytic reactions.
Regulating Nucleic Acid Catalysis Using Active Droplets
Authors: Holtmannspötter Anna‐Lena , Machatzke Corbin , Begemann Christian , Salibi Elia , Donau Carsten , Späth Fabian , Boekhoven Job , Mutschler Hannes
Published: August 2024

Cells use transient membraneless organelles to regulate biological reaction networks. For example, stress granules selectively store mRNA to downregulate protein expression in response to heat or oxidative stress. Models mimicking this active behavior should be established to better understand in vivo regulation involving compartmentalization. Here we use active, complex coacervate droplets as a model for membraneless organelles to spatiotemporally control the activity of a catalytic DNA (DNAzyme). Upon partitioning into these peptide‐RNA droplets, the DNAzyme unfolds and loses its ability to catalyze the cleavage of a nucleic acid strand. We can transiently pause the DNAzyme activity upon inducing droplet formation with fuel. After fuel consumption, the DNAzyme activity autonomously restarts. We envision this system could be used to up and downregulate multiple reactions in a network, helping understand the complexity of a cell‘s pathways. By creating a network where the DNAzyme could reciprocally regulate the droplet properties, we would have a powerful tool for engineering synthetic cells.
Antioxidant and prooxidant activity of acid‐hydrolyzed phenolic extracts of sugar beet leaves in oil‐in‐water emulsions
Authors: Ebrahimi Peyman , Bayram Ipek , Lante Anna , Decker Eric A.
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to enhance the oxidative stability of soybean oil‐in‐water emulsions using acid‐hydrolyzed and unhydrolyzed extracts obtained from sugar beet leaves. The optimum extraction process, which includes 8 min of ultrasonication followed by a 2‐h acid hydrolysis, released new phenolics (e.g., catechin, myricetin, etc.) and increased the total phenolic content (TPC) from 586.24 ± 11.45 to 982.42 ± 6.61 μmol gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition from 46.63 ± 1.39 to 60.87 ± 1.12%. Acid hydrolysis increased the cupric chelating activity of the extracts while decreasing ferrous chelating activity and trans‐ferulic acid concentration significantly (p < 0.05). The acid‐hydrolyzed extract at a TPC of 100 μmol GAE/L prolonged the lag phase of hexanal accumulation in the emulsion from 0 to 8 days, while 400 μmol GAE/L TPC of unhydrolyzed extract increased the lag phase to 12 days. The results show that acid‐hydrolyzed extracts in high concentrations may act as prooxidants.
Effect of liquid additives on the low temperature denitration activity of SNCR and emission characteristics of N2O and CO
Authors: Ding Wenxi , Liu Meng , Wan Jun , Liu Wei , Ma Jiliang , Duan Yufeng
Published: August 2024

The problem of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions has attracted wide attention in the field of environmental protection. The effects of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), phenol (C6H5OH) and ethanol (C2H6OH) on the denitration activity of selective non‐catalytic reduction (SNCR) and the emission of secondary pollutants nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon monoxide (CO) were investigated. Results indicated that the addition of NaOH, phenol and ethanol can improve the denitration efficiency under low temperature by providing OH. From 650°C to 750°C, ethanol had the best effect, with the denitration efficiency of 30%. From 750°C to 850°C, the denitration efficiency of phenol was 40% ~ 50%. The introduction of phenol and ethanol would increase the N2O and CO emissions. From 700°C to 800°C, hydrogen peroxide only caused a small amount of N2O emissions and had no significant effect on CO.
Radiating Encouragement: Further Investigation Into the Application of Gamma Ray Spectroscopy for Archaeological Prospection at the Roman Town of Silchester
Authors: Robinson Victoria , Black Stuart , Fry Robert , Beddow Helen , Clark Robert , Fulford Mike
Published: August 2024

This study builds on a preliminary investigation into the efficacy of gamma radiation surveying as a complementary tool for archaeological prospection. Improved surveying and data processing methods were implemented, including the use of a vehicle‐mounted Groundhog surveying system, use of alternative software tools and examination of the impacts of individual radionuclides. The study focuses on a range of targets within Insulae VII, XXXV and XXXIII in Silchester Roman town, Hampshire. Targets of interest included a polygonal temple, a house, ditches (including an Iron Age defensive ditch) and several Roman roads. While the survey revealed no measurable differences in the gamma radionuclide content of less substantial structures (such as the temple and house) and the surrounding soil, it successfully delineated major structures. The Roman roads, Iron Age defensive ditch and potentially an indication of a historic field boundary not present in modern records were clearly visible in the generated visualisations. The roads and field boundary appear as distinct linear features of depleted radioactivity. The location of the Iron Age ditch correlates with an area of elevated radioactivity. Notably, the technique not only successfully identified archaeological features but was also able to indicate differences in the properties of similar targets such as variations in road thickness. Further, the gamma radiation data indicates variations in the local geology attributable to historic changes in land use and geochemical composition. This latest study corroborates the findings of the preliminary investigation, demonstrating replicability, scalability and ability to enhance output data quality. Further research, including sampling and non‐destructive analysis of materials from the site, is needed to better explain observed results.
Novel Genetic Loci in Early‐Onset Gout Derived From Whole‐Genome Sequencing of an Adolescent Gout Cohort
Authors: Ji Aichang , Sui Yang , Xue Xiaomei , Ji Xiapeng , Shi Wenrui , Shi Yongyong , Terkeltaub Robert , Dalbeth Nicola , Takei Riku , Yan Fei , Sun Mingshu , Li Maichao , Lu Jie , Cui Lingling , Liu Zhen , Wang Can , Li Xinde , Han Lin , Fang Zhanjie , Sun Wenyan , Liang Yue , He Yuwei , Zheng Guangmin , Wang Xuefeng , Wang Jiayi , Zhang Hui , Pang Lei , Qi Han , Li Yushuang , Cheng Zan , Li Zhiqiang , Xiao Jingfa , Zeng Changqing , Merriman Tony R. , Qu Hongzhu , Fang Xiangdong , Li Changgui
Published: August 2024

Objective

Mechanisms underlying the adolescent‐onset and early‐onset gout are unclear. This study aimed to discover variants associated with early‐onset gout.

Methods

We conducted whole‐genome sequencing in a discovery adolescent‐onset gout cohort of 905 individuals (gout onset 12 to 19 years) to discover common and low‐frequency single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with gout. Candidate common SNVs were genotyped in an early‐onset gout cohort of 2,834 individuals (gout onset ≤30 years old), and meta‐analysis was performed with the discovery and replication cohorts to identify loci associated with early‐onset gout. Transcriptome and epigenomic analyses, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and RNA sequencing in human peripheral blood leukocytes, and knock‐down experiments in human THP‐1 macrophage cells investigated the regulation and function of candidate gene RCOR1.

Results

In addition to ABCG2, a urate transporter previously linked to pediatric‐onset and early‐onset gout, we identified two novel loci (Pmeta < 5.0 × 10−8): rs12887440 (RCOR1) and rs35213808 (FSTL5‐MIR4454). Additionally, we found associations at ABCG2 and SLC22A12 that were driven by low‐frequency SNVs. SNVs in RCOR1 were linked to elevated blood leukocyte messenger RNA levels. THP‐1 macrophage culture studies revealed the potential of decreased RCOR1 to suppress gouty inflammation.

Conclusion

This is the first comprehensive genetic characterization of adolescent‐onset gout. The identified risk loci of early‐onset gout mediate inflammatory responsiveness to crystals that could mediate gouty arthritis. This study will contribute to risk prediction and therapeutic interventions to prevent adolescent‐onset gout.
A hypothesis on ergodicity and the signal‐to‐noise paradox
Authors: Brener Daniel J.
Published: August 2024

This letter raises the possibility that ergodicity concerns might have some bearing on the signal‐to‐noise paradox. This is explored by applying the ergodic theorem to the theory behind ensemble weather forecasting and the ensemble mean. Using the ensemble mean as our best forecast of observations amounts to interpreting it as the most likely phase‐space trajectory, which relies on the ergodic theorem. This can fail for ensemble forecasting systems if members are not perfectly exchangeable with each other, the averaging window is too short and/or there are too few members. We argue these failures can occur in cases such as the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) forecasts due to intransitivity or regime behaviour for regions such as the North Atlantic and Arctic. This behaviour, where different ensemble members may become stuck in different relatively persistent flow states (intransitivity) or multi‐modality (regime behaviour), can in certain situations break the ergodic theorem. The problem of non‐ergodic systems and models in the case of weather forecasting is discussed, as are potential mitigation methods and metrics for ergodicity in ensemble systems.
Diving into research without wading through content: A skills‐based cell biology course emphasizing the unknown
Authors: González‐Del Pino Gonzalo L. , Rokop Megan E.
Published: August 2024

In a typical undergraduate biology curriculum, students do not dive into research until they first wade through large amounts of content. Biology courses in the first few years of the college curriculum tend to be lecture‐based and exam‐based courses. As a result, science students are mainly exposed to content knowledge—not the skills scientists practice daily. While students may practice manual techniques in lab sections of lecture courses, the higher‐level analytical research skills are reserved for the final semesters of college. To address this issue, we created an undergraduate cell biology course centered around practicing research skills, and fully accessible to students with no prerequisite content knowledge. In our course, students read primary literature (no textbooks) and were assessed by writing 12 analytical response papers and a full research proposal (no exams). Each student chose a topic for their semester‐long project, conducted a literature review, and proposed future experiments—all in a stepwise fashion with plentiful feedback. The students' thorough comprehension of the primary literature, along with successful completion of the research proposals, shows that the course achieved its goals of building these skills—even in the nonbiology majors taking this pilot course. Pre‐ and post‐survey results demonstrate that students gained feelings of confidence and preparedness for future research experiences. We envision a future model in which such a skills‐based course replaces a more traditional cell biology course, giving students the opportunity to practice high‐level analytical research skills from very early on in the undergraduate biology curriculum.
Lingual nerve revisited—A comprehensive review Part I: Anatomy and variations
Authors: Kitagawa Norio , Fukino Keiko , Irani Chista , Abe Yushi , Kunisada Yuki , Ibaragi Soichiro , Tubbs R. Shane , Iwanaga Joe
Published: August 2024

The lingual nerve (LN) is a branch of the mandibular division of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal. It primarily carries sensory fibers from the lingual gingiva, mucous membranes of the floor of the mouth, sublingual gland, and the anterior two‐thirds of the tongue. Recent studies have explored and reclassified the five branches of the LN as branches to the isthmus of the fauces, lingual branches, sublingual nerves, posterior branch to the submandibular ganglion, and branches to the sublingual ganglion. The knowledge of the LN anatomy and its variants is clinically relevant to avoid its injury during oral procedures. The objective of this paper is to review the literature on the LN and to describe the anatomy, its course, and its functions.
Enhancing chemotherapeutic efficacy: Niosome‐encapsulated Dox‐Cis with MUC‐1 aptamer
Authors: Barlas Firat Baris , Olceroglu Bilge , Ag Seleci Didem , Gumus Zinar Pinar , Siyah Pinar , Dabbek Meriam , Garnweitne Georg , Stahl Frank , Scheper Thomas , Timur Suna
Published: August 2024

Background

Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge, currently affecting nearly 20 million individuals worldwide. Due to the absence of universally effective treatments, ongoing research explores diverse strategies to combat this disease. Recent efforts have concentrated on developing combined drug regimens and targeted therapeutic approaches.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the anticancer efficacy of a conjugated drug system, consisting of doxorubicin and cisplatin (Dox‐Cis), encapsulated within niosomes and modified with MUC‐1 aptamers to enhance biocompatibility and target specific cancer cells.

Methods

The chemical structure of the Dox‐Cis conjugate was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC‐Q‐TOF/MS). The zeta potential and morphological parameters of the niosomal vesicles were determined through Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In vitro assessments of cell viability and apoptosis were conducted on MUC‐1 positive HeLa cells and MUC‐1 negative U87 cells.

Results

The findings confirmed the successful conjugation of Dox and Cis within the niosomes. The Nio/Dox‐Cis/MUC‐1 formulation demonstrated enhanced efficacy compared to the individual drugs and their unencapsulated combination in both cell lines. Notably, the Nio/Dox‐Cis/MUC‐1 formulation exhibited greater effectiveness on HeLa cells (38.503 ± 1.407) than on U87 cells (46.653 ± 1.297).

Conclusion

The study underscores the potential of the Dox‐Cis conjugate as a promising strategy for cancer treatment, particularly through platforms that facilitate targeted drug delivery to cancer cells. This targeted approach could lead to more effective and personalized cancer therapies.
A qualitative exploration of the experience and personal and professional impact of psychodynamic and integrative counselling training on adoptee counsellors
Authors: Bevitt Ann , Aromolaran Banjo
Published: August 2024

Background

Adoption research has tended to focus on associated emotional and developmental challenges. There is little research on how adoptees experience counselling training and its personal and professional impact on adoptees. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the counselling training experiences of four counsellors who were adopted as babies (under 1 year of age).

Methods

One‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews were conducted with two psychodynamically trained counsellors and two integratively trained counsellors. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the training experiences of adoptees, and the personal and professional impact of training.

Findings

Four group experiential themes were identified: disclosure; place in world; relationships; and reflexivity.

Implications for Practice

The findings contribute to the growing body of research on counsellor training and provide insights into adoptees' experiences of counselling training. These insights enable improvements in the provision of such training by counselling training providers to adoptees, and in the provision of the specialist training either required or recommended to provide adoption support. The research also furthers the understanding of adoptees' experiences more generally and may also help noncounsellor adoptees deal with issues perceived as related to their adoption as well as others who face similar issues, due to their own lived experiences.

Conclusion

Both modalities of counselling training helped participants deal with difficulties presented by their adoptions, in particular regarding identity and relationships, affording opportunities for growth and healing.
A Neutral Polysaccharide from Medicago Sativa L.: Structural Properties and Hypoglycemic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Ma Di , Sheng Qi , Liang Wei , Zhang Jia , Wang Yanni , Chen Hongman
Published: August 2024

Medicago sativa polysaccharides (MSPs) are beneficial compounds extracted from Medicago sativa L. that exhibit multiple medicinal activities. However, little is known about their hypoglycemic effects. In this study, MSP‐II‐a, a neutral polysaccharide with an Mw of 4.3×104 Da, was isolated and purified from M. sativa L. Monosaccharide composition analysis determined that MSP‐II‐a was composed of arabinose, glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, and xylose in a molar ratio of 2.1 : 4.0 : 1.1:0.4 : 1.4 : 1.1. Structural characterization of MSP‐II was performed using a combination of methylation analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that MSP‐II‐a was mainly comprised of 1,4‐p‐Glc, 1,3,4‐Rha, and 1,3‐p‐Gal glycosidic linkages, revealing a mesh‐like texture with irregular blade shapes. In vitro assays demonstrated that MSP‐II‐a, at concentrations of 200 and 400 μg/mL, promoted glucose uptake in insulin‐resistant 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. In vivo studies have shown that MSP‐II‐a significantly alleviates insulin resistance by reducing fasting blood glucose levels and increasing hepatic glycogen synthesis in HFD/STZ‐induced diabetic mice. These findings revealed that MSP‐II‐a is a promising source of bioactive polysaccharides with potential hypoglycemic activity.
Deciphering the Effect of a Cu(II)‐hydrazone Complex on Intracellular Cell Signalling Pathways in a Human Osteosarcoma 2D and 3D Models
Authors: Balsa Lucía M. , Santa Maria de la Parra Lucía , Ferretti Valeria , León Ignacio E.
Published: August 2024

New therapeutic strategies for osteosarcoma (OS) have demonstrated the potential efficacy of copper compounds as anticancer drugs and as a substitute for the often used platinum compounds. OS is a type of bone cancer, primarily affecting young adults and children.The main objective of this work is to discover the molecular targets and cellular pathways related to the antitumor properties of a Cu(II)‐hydrazone toward human OS 2D and 3D systems. Cell viability study using MG‐63 cells was evaluated in OS monolayer and spheroids. CuHL significantly reduced cell viability in OS models (IC50 2D: 2.6±0.3 μM; IC50 3D: 9.9±1.4 μM) (p<0.001). Also, CuHL inhibits cell proliferation and it induces cells to apoptosis. The main mechanism of action found for CuHL are the interaction with DNA, genotoxicity, the ROS generation and the proteasome activity inhibition. Besides, 67 differentially expressed proteins were found using proteomic approaches. Of those 67 proteins, 40 were found overexpressed and 27 underexpressed. The response to stress and to unfolded protein, as well as ATP synthesis were the most affected biological process among upregulated proteins, whilst proteins related to DNA replication and redox homeostasis were downregulated.
A case of tick bite on the perianal region
Authors: Huang Gang , Huang Lili , Xue Yuanfeng , Duan Xiaofang , Yao Bangtao
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Tickborne diseases have become the threats to the health of people worldwide, accounting for nearly 80% patients with vectorborne diseases in the United States. Early diagnosis and proper treatment play a significant role in the management. Close contacts should be screened for delayed symptoms associated with tickborne diseases.

This study describes a rare case of a 72‐year‐old Chinese man presented with a 5‐day history of painful nodules on the perianal region, indicating tick bite. Tickborne diseases become the threats to the health of people worldwide. Untreated cases may result in several serious inflammatory complications. Manual removal of ticks with fine forceps is effective for preventing the transmission of tickborne infections. People (who have been bitten by a tick) and close contacts should be screened for delayed symptoms associated with tickborne diseases.