bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Troubles dissociatifs (de conversion) : les intuitions freudiennes revisitées par la neuro-imagerie
Authors: Berney Alexandre , Aybek Selma
Published: April 2015

Les troubles dissociatifs au sens de la classification internationale des maladies de l’OMS (CIM-10) appartiennent aux troubles fonctionnels, qui constituent encore aujourd’hui une grande énigme pour la médecine. Dans cet article, nous nous centrons sur les corrélats neurobiologiques des troubles disso-ciatifs moteurs tels qu’ils peuvent être investigués au travers des nouvelles techniques en neuro-imagerie fonctionnelle. Il faut souligner qu’il y a eu étonnamment peu d’études conduites à ce jour, en comparaison avec celles menées pour des troubles psychiatriques tels que la dépression ou la schizophrénie, probablement en lien à une clinique plus difficile à cerner, hétérogène, et frontière entre psychiatrie et neurologie. La recherche actuelle semble démontrer, un siècle après Charcot et Freud, que les troubles moteurs dissociatifs (de conversion) sont en effet associés à une « lésion fonctionnelle dynamique » du système nerveux central. Ces phénomènes impliquent des régions liées aux symptômes eux-mêmes (par exemple moteurs), ainsi que plusieurs régions préfrontales, limbiques et de la ligne ventro-médiane. Le cortex préfrontal ventro-médian impliqué dans les représentations de soi, de concert avec le recrutement de régions limbiques comme l’amygdale, viendraient moduler le système moteur. Un tel modèle est compatible avec la notion freudienne de conversion.
Chronic physical stress differences between genders in a military training on the Amazon jungle
Authors: de Souza Y.R. , Feitosa F.B.
Published: April 2015

This study aimed to investigate the gender difference in the manifestation of physical stress in a strenuous military training on Amazon jungle, using alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) markers, measured before and after an adaptation to jungle training. The sample consisted of 49 military volunteers, 35 male and 14 female, recently moved to the Amazon region. All plasma levels rose after the training. Serum ALT (male and female) and AST (male and female), although borderline, remained within normal limits. Already plasma levels of CK (both male and female) and LDH (male and female) largely exceeded the normal range. The average of all markers listed in female gender remained below the levels of the male gender. However, significant differences in biomarkers ALT, AST and CK between genders were found. The study points out that, in a jungle environment, biometric markers ALT, AST, CK and LDH are efficient for monitoring chronic physical stress in both genders, when used in combination. The influence of the weather on the occurrence of physical stress in unacclimated people of both genders, and the lower responses in the levels of ALT, AST, LDH and CK in females were discussed basing on the scientific literature.
Extreme endurance and the metabolic range of sustained activity is uniquely available for every human not just the elite few
Authors: Ruby B.C. , Cuddy J.S. , Hailes W.S. , Dumke C.L. , Slivka D.R. , Shriver T.C. , Schoeller D.A.
Published: April 2015

It is unclear whether the capabilities of recreationally active modern humans are unique due to present training practices or linked to the selection resulting from migration, escape, scavenging, and hunting and/or endurance running in early Homo. The purpose of this study was to determine upper values for total energy expenditure (TEE) and water turnover during sustained work for periods of 12-24 and 12-48 h, respectively and compare them with other species and proposed activities of early Homo. Stable isotopic water (2H2
18O) was used during competitions in hot environments to establish energy expenditure rates of approaching 10 times resting metabolism (RM) for 12.7 and 26.8 h, respectively. These events demonstrate pronounced hydration demands, with water output rates ranging from 25–95% of initial total body water for events lasting 12–48 h, respectively. These results provide new evidence for a high, sustained work (0.5–2 days) output and hydration demand in humans compared to other species in hot environments. Although the span for sustained metabolic activity in humans is large, it does not require elite level training status so long as adequate exogenous fuel and water are accessible. Because these values far exceed reported expectations/needs for foraging and persistence hunting in early Homo, it remains unclear if the phenomenon of the metabolic range is a modern human characteristic. While modern recreational endurance participants can demonstrate a TEE approaching 10 times RM, the rationale and need for such a high human metabolic ceiling is unclear when considering the energy demands of early Homo.
Sex differences in heart rate responses to sub-maximal exercise in young adults
Authors: Dimkpa U. , Ezeike C.C. , Maduka S.O. , Ukoha U.U. , Anikeh L.C. , Uchefuna R.C. , Obaji N.N. , Ilo C.I. , Agbapuonwu N.E.
Published: April 2015

There is paucity of scientific information on sex differences in heart rate (HR) responses during and after a sub-maximal exercise test in young adults. We assessed sex differences in normal HR responses during and after a sub-maximal-effort cycle ergometer exercise test in apparently healthy young adults. One hundred young adults (50 males and 50 females) participated in the study. Subjects performed a sub-maximal exercise at an intensity that produced 60–85% of a pre-determined age-predicted maximum HR. Measurements of subjects’ HR were done at rest, during exercise and post exercise recovery periods. The present data indicated that after adjusting for covariates, greater (P<0.05) HR responses (delta HR 2 min, delta HR 5 min, delta peak HR) were observed in men relative to women. Males also indicated significantly higher (P<0.05) %HRmax and %HRreserve compared to females. Variables of HR response during post-exercise recovery did not differ between males and females. HR responses during exercise were greater in young adult males compared to females while HR responses at post-exercise recovery were similar between the two groups. The present findings may be useful in interpreting more accurately the significance of HR responses during and after exercise in healthy young adults according to sex.
Prevalence of Outer Retinal Tubulation After Anti-VEGF Therapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Gildener-Leapman Juliana R. , Srivistava Sunil , Ehlers Justis P. , Kaiser Peter K.
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To assess whether there is a correlation between anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy and the incidence of outer retinal tubulation (ORT) in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A retrospective review of all patients at the Cole Eye Institute who received anti-VEGF injections for exudative AMD and underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) evaluation was performed. A total of 543 patients were identified and included in the study. The number of treatments and the change in Snellen visual acuity from the time of diagnosis until the development of ORT were tabulated.

RESULTS:

Seventy individuals with ORT were identified. The data analyzed showed a wide variation in the number of treatments until the development of ORT and did not show a significant correlation between ORT incidence and decreased visual acuity.

CONCLUSION:

Although a correlation was found between the increased incidence of ORT and length of anti-VEGF treatment, there was no evidence of decreased visual acuity, which suggests that the ORT might be benign.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:345–348.]
Serum Inflammatory Markers After Rupture Retinal Laser Injury in Mice
Authors: Paulus Yannis M. , Kuo Chuan-Hui , Morohoshi Kei , Nugent Alex , Zheng Luo Luo , Nomoto Hiroyuki , Blumenkranz Mark S. , Palanker Daniel , Ono Santa J.
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To characterize the cellular, immunological, and inflammatory response to retinal photocoagulation of intense rupture laser lesions as a model of retinal degenerative diseases.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Seven C57BL/6 mice were irradiated using a 532-nm laser to induce 10 retinal burns per eye that ruptured Bruch’s membrane. Blood was drawn from the saphenous vein before and 2 months after laser treatment. The serum was run on antigen microarrays with 85 molecular markers associated with retinal degenerative diseases.

RESULTS:

Rupture laser resulted in dramatic changes in the immunoglobulin reactivity of most inflammatory markers 2 months after laser injury. Approximately two-thirds increased expression and one-third decreased expression. Notable markers that were increased included complement C3, CRP, PKM2, and aldolase.

CONCLUSION:

Rupture laser injury causes a change in the serum inflammatory markers after 2 months similar to macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and cancer-associated retinopathy. This animal model could be used as a biomarker for disease stage and activity in retinal degenerations.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:362–368.]
Multimodal Imaging in a Severe Case of Hydroxychloroquine Toxicity
Authors: Bhavsar Kavita V. , Mukkamala Lekha K. , Freund K. Bailey
Published: April 2015

Retinal toxicity from hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) can be detected most readily on fundus autofluorescence, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and multifocal electroretinogram. The authors describe a case of a 60-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus undergoing HCQ treatment for 30 years who presented with visual loss over several years. Examination and multimodal imaging showed bilateral retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes in a bull’s-eye distribution associated with cystoid macular edema. A novel imaging modality, multi-spectral imaging, appeared sensitive in detecting a bull’s-eye pattern of RPE disturbance involving the entire macular region of both eyes. Cessation of drug was advised with close follow-up.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:377–379.]
3D Printing and Actor-Network Theory
Authors: Harman Graham
Published: April 2015

Some futuristic technologies belong to a distant time that is hard for most to imagine in palpable terms. In the case of 3D printing, however, any citizen can easily grasp the stakes by simply watching a brief video (). The 3D printer, whose ancestry can be traced to factory innovations of the 1980s, provides a method of assembling objects piece by piece: a kind of less precise nanotechnology for the macro-level. Within a decade humans might be able to print functional body parts, bringing an end to the grisly waits for donated organs and the even more grisly international organ trafficking rings. Some believe that the “killer app” for 3D printing will be found in the printing of food, perhaps replacing single-site restaurants with a home library of Platonic forms of gourmet cuisine. Still others celebrate or fear the printing of assault rifles on a desktop, whether by right-wing citizens, convicted felons, or the mentally ill. One can expect the easy availability, in residential privacy, of all manner of benign and malignant objects, transforming economic structures, social life, and domestic security in roughly fifteen to twenty years.
Cognitive Chance Discovery
Authors: Abe Akinori
Published: April 2015

In this paper, first the author reviews the basic theories--- concept and computational realization of abduction. Then the author briefly reviews chance discovery which focuses on rare and novel events. In addition the author briefly reviews the concept of affordance proposed by Gibson. By using the above concepts and techniques, a dementia care system inspired by affordance is proposed and discussed. Finally the author introduces chance discovery based curation proposed by the author. The dementia care system is discussed from the aspect of communication and chance discovery based curation.
Analyzing and Boosting the Data Availability in Decentralized Online Social Networks
Authors: Fu Songling , He Ligang , Liao Xiangke , Huang Chenlin , Li Kenli , Chang Cheng
Published: April 2015

Maintaining Data Availability (DA) is a big challenge in Decentralized Online Social Networks (DOSN). Nowadays, the limitation of the storage capacity in DOSN becomes a critical factor that jeopardizes the DA. Therefore, it is desired to determine the relation between the storage capacity of DOSN and the level of DA, and develop an approach to mitigating the limitation of storage capacity. This paper addresses these issues. In this paper, a probabilistic DA model over storage capacity is established. A novel method is then proposed to predict the DA on the fly. Further, a Cloud-assisted DOSN (CDOSN) framework is proposed to enhance the storage capacity and the DA in DOSN. This paper conducts the detailed quantitative analysis about the storage capacity and the DA in CDOSN. Extensive simulation experiments have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the DA model, the on-the-fly prediction and the CDOSN framework.
Локальная сжимаемость процесса изменения рейтинга игрока в модели Эло с одним соперником
Authors: Avdeev Vadim Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2015

Рассматривается процесс изменения рейтинга игрока в бесконечной серии игр с одним и тем же соперником в системе Эло вычисления рейтингов. Доказывается существование у этого процесса стационарного распределения и находится верхняя оценка скорости сходимости к нему. В предыдущей статье автора существование предельного распределения было доказано при более жестких предположениях о параметрах способа вычисления рейтинга.
Каркасная классификация редуцированных помеченных блоков
Authors: Kalmykov Georgiy Ivanovich
Published: April 2015

Описан способ разбиения заданного множества графов на не пересекающиеся подмножества, каждое из которых состоит из совокупности графов, имеющих общий каркас. Указаны множества графов, допускающие такие представления. Отмечена возможность использования этих представлений графов при выводе асимптотических разложений в некоторых задачах статистической механики.
О задаче Дирихле для нелинейного эллиптического уравнения
Authors: Egorov Yurii Vladimirovich
Published: April 2015

Мы доказываем существование бесконечного множества решений краевой задачи Дирихле для нелинейного эллиптического уравнения второго порядка. Такая задача для нелинейного эллиптического уравнения с оператором Лапласа изучалась ранее М. А. Красносельским, А. Бари, А. Берестицким, П. Л. Лионсом,
П. Рабиновичем, М. Струве и др. Мы изучаем спектр этой задачи и доказываем слабую сходимость к $0$ последовательности нормированных собственных функций. Кроме того, мы получаем оценки "коэффициентов Фурье" для функций из $W^1_{p,0}(\Omega)$. Это позволяет усилить основные результаты предшествующих работ.
Библиография: 8 названий.
Cepstral Characteristics of Voice before, during and after Menopause: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Balasubramanium Radish Kumar , Bhat Jayashree S
Published: April 2015

Background

Previous studies on effects of menopause on voice characteristics have not compared the voice characteristics before, during and after menopause. It is also possible that these voice changes cannot be captured by traditional acoustic measures such as frequency and amplitude perturbation measures. Hence a robust acoustic tool such as cepstrum was chosen to capture these vocal changes before, during and after menopause and hence the present study was attempted.

Method

The present study followed a cross-sectional study design. The participants consisted of 25 premenopausal women, 25 perimenopausal women and 25 postmenopausal women. Sustained production of/a/ and narration was recorded using Z tool and cepstral peak prominence (CPP) and smoothened cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) was analyzed.

Results

The results of one-way ANOVA revealed that there was a significant main effect of the group at p < 0.05 for all the cepstral measures targeted in the study. Post hoc analysis indicated that there was no significant difference between pre and perimenopausal women for all the cepstral measures at p < 0.05. However, there was a significant difference between pre and postmenopausal women and peri and postmenopausal women at p < 0.05. These results suggests that postmenopausal women had overall good voice quality than pre and perimenopausal women.

Conclusion

Results indicated that post menopausal women had increased cepstral measures when compared to pre and perimenopausal women. Further, studies are required to correlate laryngeal examination and hormonal levels with that of the voice changes before, during and after menopausal women.

How to cite this article

Balasubramanium RK, Bhat JS. Cepstral Characteristics of Voice before, during and after Menopause: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2014;4(2):50-54.
Does Voice Therapy Cure All Vocal Fold Nodules?
Authors: Bakat Baisakhi , Roy Arunima , Roychoudhury Amitabha , Raychaudhuri Barin Kumar
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Vocal nodules are known to be one of the most common benign lesions, commonly situated at the junction of anterior one third and posterior two third of vocal folds. Voice therapy is considered to be the gold standard of treatment of vocal fold nodule.

Objectives

To determine the efficacy of voice therapy in the treatment of vocal fold nodules and to identify any possible reason for failure to voice therapy in managing vocal fold nodules.

Materials and methods

A prospective study, conducted over a period of 6 months. Eighteen adult patients diagnosed with vocal fold nodules at a tertiary care hospital were subjected to 6 weeks of voice therapy. Pre and post therapy subjective (Voice Handicap Index-10) and objective (Rigid fiber optic laryngoscopy) evaluation was done. Patients with no improvement after 6 weeks of voice therapy underwent micro laryngeal surgery. All patients were followed up at 3 months and 6 months.

Results

In majority of patients, objective and subjective voice outcome parameters were significantly improved after voice therapy. Although a few cases showed no significant improvement after therapy, they recovered completely after microlaryngoscopic surgery. It was found that patients who required surgery even after voice therapy had hard nodules.

How to cite this article

Bakat B, Gupta A, Roy A, Roychoudhury A, Raychaudhuri BK. Does Voice Therapy Cure All Vocal Fold Nodules? Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2014;4(2):55-59.
Giant Thoracocervical Lymphangioma with Multivisceral Involvement: A Different Concept
Authors: Prasad G Raghavendra , Nori Madhavi , Naseeruddin MD , Rao JV Subba , Quadri SS
Published: April 2015

Background

Lymphangiomas are benign lymphatic malformations frequently seen in head and neck region. Most reported cases are cervical lesions with mediastinal extension.1,2

Most are conceived as due to failure of fetal lymph sacs. Synchronous or metachronus lymphangiomatosis with cystic hygroma of the neck is also reported.3

Case details

Massive multicompartmental mediastinal lymphangioma with cervical extension and concomitant visceral involvement is presented. It is proposed as a hamartomatous tumor rather than malunion of fetal jugular lymphatic sacs.2 Solid intrathoracic component with cystic neck extension supports mediastinal origin. Cell culture lines at 4 months were positive for endothelial cell lines positive for factor VIII antigen.

Conclusion

Giant thoracocervical lymphangioma is more likely to be a tumor rather than simple fetal failure of lymphatic sac fusion. Surgical excision is curative.

How to cite this article

Prasad GR, Nori M, Naseeruddin MD Rao JVS, Quadri SS. Giant Thoracocervical Lymphangioma with Multivisceral Involvement: A Different Concept. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2014;4(2):63-66.
Papillary Carcinoma in Thyroglossal Cyst
Authors: Khaund Gautam , Agarwal Vivek , Barman Surajit , Baruah Debika
Published: April 2015

Thyroglossal duct cysts are not uncommon but malignancy in such a cyst is infrequent. Two patients of thyroglossal duct cyst papillary carcinoma are presented here. Both of these patients had different risk profiles and were managed differently. Both the patients have been followed up for 5 years and have shown no recurrences.

How to cite this article

Khaund G, Agarwal V, Barman S, Baruah D, Gogoi B. Papillary Carcinoma in Thyroglossal Cyst. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2014;4(2):69-70.
Formación de usuarios de la información mediante aplicaciones Web 2.0
Authors: Ávila Barrientos Eder
Published: April 2015

Objetivo: Analizar las aplicaciones web 2.0 para estimar su utilización en los programas de formación de usuarios de la información. Método: Análisis documental y la hermenéutica del discurso aplicados a los documentos impresos y digitales que abordan la temática del objeto de estudio. Resultados: se responden una serie de cuestionamientos relacionados con la integración de las aplicaciones Web 2.0 en el diseño de programas de formación de usuarios de la información. En lo que respecta a la selección de aplicaciones web 2.0, se empleo la técnica de análisis de atributos basada en las variables de uso didáctico. Concluisones: Las tecnologías de la web 2.0 y su integración en los programas de formación de usuarios de la información, representan un nicho de oportunidad para los bibliotecólogos. Una oportunidad para alcanzar el futuro y romper viejos paradigmas de la formación de usurios.
Impacto y productividad de las publicaciones latinoamericanas sobre Matemática Educativa
Authors: Torres-Alfonso Aida Maria , Peralta-González María Josefa , Toscano-Menocal Anamarys
Published: April 2015

Hace poco más de un cuarto de siglo se han estado realizando, con frecuencia anual las Reuniones Latinoamericanas de Matemática Educativa (RELME) y los trabajos presentados en el evento, luego de una revisión por pares de expertos, se edita el ALME (Acta Latinoamericana de Matemática Educativa). Se presenta un análisis cualitativo del impacto de las publicaciones registradas en ALME en el período comprendido entre los años 2000 y 2009. Profundizando en indicadores de producción científica, indicadores de impacto o influencia: que aportaron el uso que la comunidad científica hace de estos resultados a partir del recuento de citas recibidas por los trabajos publicados en ALME en la propia publicación; complementado por un análisis de citas, según el Google Académico y los indicadores de colaboración que mostraron la tipología de colaboración existente en esta comunidad científica.
Nishitani's Nietzsche: Will to Power and the Moment
Authors: Flavel Sarah
Published: April 2015

This article reviews the current literature on the relationship of the Kyoto School philosopher Keiji Nishitani to Nietzsche's writings. In particular, I respond to Bret Davis's treatment of the relationship between the two thinkers in his 2011 article: “Nishitani after Nietzsche: From the Death of God to the Great Death of the Will.” Through recourse to Nishitani's treatment of Nietzsche in The Self-Overcoming of Nihilism as well as his later work Religion and Nothingness, I dispute the claim that Nishitani's eventual dissatisfaction with Nietzsche's philosophy is based on a negative assessment of will to power. I then show that it is primarily on the issue of time rather than that of will that Nishitani ultimately takes issue with Nietzsche's mature philosophical standpoint. Finally, I outline a possible response to Nishitani's criticisms from the perspective of Nietzsche's thought.
Exploiting Cropping Management to Improve Agricultural Water Use Efficiency in the Drylands of Eastern Uganda
Authors: Mulebeke Robert , Kironchi Geoffrey , Tenywa Moses M.
Published: April 2015

A remarkable challenge lies in maximizing agricultural water productivity, particularly in the drought prone regions of sub Saharan Africa. It is hypothesized that water use efficiency (WUE) can be increased by selection of appropriate cropping management systems. This study seeks to establish the effects of cropping management on water use efficiency in cassava-sorghum cropping systems in the drylands of eastern Uganda. A randomised complete block design (RCBD) consisting of six treatments: sole cassava, sole sorghum, sole cowpea, cassava + sorghum, cassava + cowpea, and sorghum + cowpea, replicated three times were used. Two tillage practices; mouldboard ploughing (Mb) and, ripping (Rp) were used to assess the effect of tillage. WUE (kg ha-1 mm-1) was calculated as a ratio of yield (kg ha-1) to evapotranspiration (ET) (mm). ET was estimated using the soil water balance. WUE varied significantly (?= 0.05) between cropping systems with the highest observed in cassava (34.38 kg ha-1 mm-1) while the lowest was 3.76 kg ha-1 mm-1 for sorghum. WUE did not differ appreciably in both Mb and Rp tillage practices. Farmers growing sole cassava could use either of the tillage practices. The best yield was recorded in cassava + cowpea cropping system under Mb ploughing and sole sorghum under Rp gave the poorest combined yield (1,676 kg ha-1).
Method for Walking Gait Identification in a Lower Extremity Exoskeleton Based on C4.5 Decision Tree Algorithm
Authors: Guo Qing , Jiang Dan
Published: April 2015

A gait identification method for a lower extremity exoskeleton is presented in order to identify the gait sub-phases in human-machine coordinated motion. First, a sensor layout for the exoskeleton is introduced. Taking the difference between human lower limb motion and human-machine coordinated motion into account, the walking gait is divided into five sub-phases, which are ‘double standing’, ‘right leg swing and left leg stance’, ‘double stance with right leg front and left leg back’, ‘right leg stance and left leg swing’, and ‘double stance with left leg front and right leg back’. The sensors include shoe pressure sensors, knee encoders, and thigh and calf gyroscopes, and are used to measure the contact force of the foot, and the knee joint angle and its angular velocity. Then, five sub-phases of walking gait are identified by a C4.5 decision tree algorithm according to the data fusion of the sensors' information. Based on the simulation results for the gait division, identification accuracy can be guaranteed by the proposed algorithm. Through the exoskeleton control experiment, a division of five sub-phases for the human-machine coordinated walk is proposed. The experimental results verify this gait division and identification method. They can make hydraulic cylinders retract ahead of time and improve the maximal walking velocity when the exoskeleton follows the person's motion.
Mathematical Modeling and Pure Mathematics
Authors: Usiskin Zalman
Published: April 2015

Common situations, like planning air travel, can become grist for mathematical modeling and can promote the mathematical ideas of variables, formulas, algebraic expressions, functions, and statistics.
Mardi Gras Math
Authors: Eubanks-Turner Christina , Hajj Najat
Published: April 2015

Get a bead on mathematical practices and habits of mind by using the real-world context of parade planning.
Building a Positive Mathematics Community
Authors: Cho Hoyun , Lawrence Gary D.
Published: April 2015

The ability of students to learn mathematics with understanding is strengthened by a positive school environment (Hiebert and Grouws 2007). Such an environment depends on a classroom ethos. Just as important is the entire school community, in which all students are expected to learn through active participation and all teachers are expected to engage all students in mathematical tasks.
An Exploration of Hundredths, in Part
Authors: Gilbertson Nicholas J.
Published: April 2015

Teachers have found many different ways to support students who are learning about rational numbers. Some of the most productive ways often involve the use of representations that anchor students' experiences in the quantities being learned. Although almost all representations have their limitations, they also provide opportunities to support students in pressing their understanding of rational numbers. In this article, I share an activity motivated by a discussion that occurred during one of my seventh-grade classes. We used a hundredths diagram, in which the area of the large square represented 1 unit (for other interesting uses of this diagram, see Scaptura, Suh, and Mahaffey 2007 and Cramer et al. 2009).
Water‐quality trading: Can we get the prices of pollution right?
Authors: Konishi Yoshifumi , Coggins Jay S. , Wang Bin
Published: April 2015

Water‐quality trading requires inducing permit prices that account properly for spatially explicit damage relationships. We compare recent work by Hung and Shaw (2005) and Farrow et al. (2005) for river systems exhibiting branching and nonlinear damages. The Hung‐Shaw scheme is robust to nonlinear damages, but not to hot spots occurring at the confluence of two branches. The Farrow et al. (2005) scheme is robust to branching, but not to nonlinear damages. We also compare the two schemes to each other. Neither dominates from a welfare perspective, but the comparison appears to tilt in favor of the Farrow et al. scheme.
Two‐phase flow properties of a sandstone rock for the CO2/water system: Core‐flooding experiments, and focus on impacts of mineralogical changes
Authors: Manceau J. C. , Ma J. , Li R. , Audigane P. , Jiang P. X. , Xu R. N. , Tremosa J. , Lerouge C.
Published: April 2015

The two‐phase flow characterization (CO2/water) of a Triassic sandstone core from the Paris Basin, France, is reported in this paper. Absolute properties (porosity and water permeability), capillary pressure, relative permeability with hysteresis between drainage and imbibition, and residual trapping capacities have been assessed at 9 MPa pore pressure and 28°C (CO2 in liquid state) using a single core‐flooding apparatus associated with magnetic resonance imaging. Different methodologies have been followed to obtain a data set of flow properties to be upscaled and used in large‐scale CO2 geological storage evolution modeling tools. The measurements are consistent with the properties of well‐sorted water‐wet porous systems. As the mineralogical investigations showed a nonnegligible proportion of carbonates in the core, the experimental protocol was designed to observe potential impacts on flow properties of mineralogical changes. The magnetic resonance scanning and mineralogical observations indicate mineral dissolution during the experimental campaign, and the core‐flooding results show an increase in porosity and water absolute permeability. The changes in two‐phase flow properties appear coherent with the pore structure modifications induced by the carbonates dissolution but the changes in relative permeability could also be explained by a potential increase of the water‐wet character of the core. Further investigations on the impacts of mineral changes are required with other reactive formation rocks, especially carbonate‐rich ones, because the implications can be significant both for the validity of laboratory measurements and for the outcomes of in situ operations modeling.
Heat wave flash droughts in decline
Authors: Mo Kingtse C. , Lettenmaier Dennis P.
Published: April 2015

Flash drought is a term that was popularized during rapidly evolving droughts in the Central U.S. in 2012 that were associated with heat waves. We posit that there are two kinds of flash droughts, and we will focus on heat wave flash droughts, of which the 2012 events were typical. We find, based on an analysis of temperature observations and model‐reconstructed soil moisture (SM) and evapotranspiration from 1916 to 2013, that heat wave flash droughts in the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) are most likely to occur over the Midwest and the Pacific Northwest during the growing season. We also find that the number of such events across the CONUS has been decreasing over the last century but rebounded after 2011. The long‐term downward trends appear to be associated with generally increasing trends in SM resulting from increasing trends in precipitation over the areas where heat wave flash droughts are most likely to occur.
Quantifying the severity of hurricanes on extinction probabilities of a primate population: Insights into “Island” extirpations
Authors: Ameca y Juárez Eric I. , Ellis Edward A. , Rodríguez‐Luna Ernesto
Published: April 2015

Long‐term studies quantifying impacts of hurricane activity on growth and trajectory of primate populations are rare. Using a 14‐year monitored population ofAlouatta palliata mexicanaas a study system, we developed a modeling framework to assess the relative contribution of hurricane disturbance and two types of human impacts, habitat loss, and hunting, on quasi‐extinction risk. We found that the scenario with the highest level of disturbance generated a 21% increase in quasi‐extinction risk by 40 years compared to scenarios of intermediate disturbance, and around 67% increase relative to that found in low disturbance scenarios. We also found that the probability of reaching quasi‐extinction due to human disturbance alone was below 1% by 40 years, although such scenarios reduced population size by 70%, whereas the risk of quasi‐extinction ranged between 3% and 65% for different scenarios of hurricane severity alone, in absence of human impacts. Our analysis moreover found that the quasi‐extinction risk driven by hunting and hurricane disturbance was significantly lower than the quasi‐extinction risk posed by human‐driven habitat loss and hurricane disturbance. These models suggest that hurricane disturbance has the potential to exceed the risk posed by human impacts, and, in particular, to substantially increase the speed of the extinction vortex driven by habitat loss relative to that driven by hunting. Early mitigation of habitat loss constituted the best method for reducing quasi‐extinction risk: the earlier habitat loss is halted, the less vulnerable the population becomes to hurricane disturbance. By using a well‐studied population ofA. p. mexicana, we help understand the demographic impacts that extreme environmental disturbance can trigger on isolated populations of taxa already endangered in other systems where long‐term demographic data are not available. For those experiencing heavy anthropogenic pressure and lacking sufficiently evolved coping strategies against unpredictable environmental disturbance, the risk of population extinction can be exacerbated. Am. J. Primatol. 77:786–800, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D2&3 and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D2&3 by tandem mass spectrometry: A primate multispecies comparison
Authors: Ziegler Toni E. , Kapoor Amita , Hedman Curtis J. , Binkley Neil , Kemnitz Joseph W.
Published: April 2015

Vitamin D metabolites are widely studied for their roles in bone health, immune functions, and other potential physiologic roles in humans. However, the optimal blood levels of vitamin D metabolites are still unclear. Various methods for measuring vitamin D metabolites have been used and recently liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC‐MS/MS) has been adopted as the gold standard for vitamin D metabolite measurement. Here, we report the use of LC‐MS/MS to measure 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D2&3), and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D2&3), in three laboratory nonhuman primate species: common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), and cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis), and compare them to humans using the same technique. The nonhuman primates showed blood levels for 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly higher than human values with marmosets having the highest levels. Marmoset samples showed significantly more variability among individuals than those from macaques for both metabolites, but all three nonhuman primate species exhibited large variation within species for both 25(OH)D2&3 and 1,25(OH)2D2&3. Marmoset females had significantly lower values than the males for 25(OH)D3, while rhesus males showed a significant decrease in 25(OH)D3 with age. The most striking finding is the variation within species for vitamin D levels even in laboratory primates that have a controlled diet, UV exposure, and in some cases, genetic constraints. Similar variation in 25(OH)D responses to a fixed dose of oral vitamin D supplementation has been reported in humans. We suggest that these species can provide primate models for examining the factors influencing variation in the levels of vitamin D necessary for human and nonhuman primate health. Am. J. Primatol. 77:801–810, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation der Bauteiltemperierung für den Herzogskasten Abensberg
Authors: Reuther Maike , Steffens Oliver
Published: April 2015

Die These, dass die Methode der direkten Temperierung von erdberührten oder anderweitig feuchtebelasteten Bauteilen zur Beseitigung von Feuchteschäden in Bestandsgebäuden auch die Energieeffizienz des Gebäudes erhöhen und sogar ohne weitere energetische Sanierungsmaßnahmen die Anforderungen der Energieeinsparverordnung (EnEV) erfüllen kann, wird anhand des als Museum genutzten Herzogskastens in Abensberg überprüft. In Verbindung mit einer Evaluation der Trocknungswirkung wird die Gebäude‐Energieeffizienz durch Vergleich von Bedarfsberechnungen auf Basis der DIN V 18599 mit realen Verbrauchszahlen überprüft und diskutiert.

Evaluation of component heating for the Herzogskasten monument at Abensberg. Component tempering as a means to mitigate moisture‐driven damage, i.e. direct heating of structural elements in contact with the soil or otherwise moisture‐loaded building components, could also improve the building energy efficiency and even comply with the German Energy Saving Ordinance (EnEV), without any further insulation measures. This hypothesis, in addition to an evaluation of the drying‐off effect, is taken under closer inspection using the Herzogskasten monument at Abensberg by comparing calculated energy demands, based on DIN V 18599 calculations, with real energy consumption data.
Schwimmende Siedlungsstrukturen − Anpassungsstrategie an den Klimawandel
Authors: Strangfeld Peter , Stopp Horst
Published: April 2015

Schwimmende Bauten sind “in“. Sie dienen nicht nur zunehmend der architektonischen Aufwertung von stillgelegten Stadt‐ und Industriehäfen sowie Tagebaufolgelandschaften, sondern bilden eine Alternative zum klassischen Bauen auf festem Grund. Historisch betrachtet sind schwimmende Häuser nichts Neues. Sie gewinnen aber infolge klimabedingt ansteigender Meeresspiegel existenzielle Bedeutung und erschließen der Bauphysik neue Aufgabengebiete.

Floating settlement structures – Strategy for adaptation to climate change. Floating buildings are a topical affair. Besides an architectural gain in context with old city‐ and industrial harbors such as post mining landcapes, they are an alternative for the traditional construction on fixed ground. In a historical consideration floating homes are no new appearance. But owing to the rise of sea‐level by the climate change it is becoming momentous and it is a new topic for the building physics
Simulation of the Natural Distribution of Carbon and Nutrients in the Ocean Based on the Global Ocean Carbon Cycle Model MOM4_L40
Authors: Qing‐Quan LI , Juan TAN , Lan‐Ning WANG , Min WEI , Qi‐Geng ZHAO
Published: April 2015

A global ocean carbon cycle circulation model which was developed by the National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration is presented and the basic performance of this model is analyzed and evaluated in this paper. This model is a global three‐dimensional (3D) ocean carbon cycle circulation model, with 40 layers in vertical direction, and biogeochemical processes developed on the basis of the global ocean circulation model MOM4 (Modular Ocean Model version 4) of the US Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), which is abbreviated as MOM4_L40 (Modular Ocean Model Version 4 with 40 Levels). This model has been integrated for over 1000 years under climate field forcing. The results indicate that, when compared with the observations, this model can more effectively simulate the surface and vertical distribution characteristics of the ocean temperature, salinity, total carbon dioxide, total alkalinity, and total phosphate levels. The simulated distribution of the total CO2 in the ocean is basically consistent with observations, of which a low‐value zone exists on the surface, beneath which is a high‐value zone from 10°S to 60°N. However, the simulations above 2000 m are smaller than observations while simulations below 2000 m are larger than observations. In general, the MOM4_L40 model is found to be a reliable tool for the simulation and research of oceanic carbon cycle processes.
Basement Structure and Distribution of Mesozoic‐Paleozoic Marine Strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin
Authors: Xun‐Hua ZHANG , Jin‐Yu YANG , Gang LI , Yan‐Qiu YANG
Published: April 2015

The South Yellow Sea basin is a large superposed basin composed of a Paleozoic‐Mesozoic marine sedimentary basin and Mesozoic‐Cenozoic terrigenous sedimentary basin. This work studied the structure and stratigraphic distribution of the lower crystal basement and the upper folded basement of the two kinds of basins based on integrated geological and geophysical data. New seismic data interpretation combined with drilling data and geological correlation between land and sea are used to identify the marine Paleozoic‐Mesozoic stratigraphic sequence. The depth of the top surface of the marine Paleozoic‐Mesozoic strata is determined by seismic interpretation; undulation of the bottom surface is derived by magnetic inversion. The residual thickness of the Triassic Qinglong limestone and the upper Permian strata is also analyzed to understand the distribution and structure features of the marine Paleozoic‐Mesozoic strata. The thickness and distribution of the marine sequence are mainly controlled by the undulation of the basement, and also influenced greatly by the Indosinian movement. The thickness of the marine Paleozoic‐Mesozoic strata is comparatively stable in the central uplift. The lower Triassic Qinglong formation and the upper Permian Dalong and Longtan formations are widely distributed in the southern depression and the Wunansha uplift of the South Yellow Sea basin, while the distribution of this succession in the northern depression is very limited; in the central uplift, little is are left due to uplift and denudation. At present, the residual thickness of the lower Paleozoic remains unknown due to limited data available.
Association Between Electrocardiographic Findings, Right Heart Strain, and Short‐Term Adverse Clinical Events in Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Hariharan Praveen , Dudzinski David M. , Okechukwu Ikenna , Takayesu James Kimo , Chang Yuchiao , Kabrhel Christopher
Published: April 2015

Background

Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes may be seen with pulmonary emboli (PE). Whether ECG is associated with short‐term adverse clinical events after PE is less well established.

Hypothesis

ECG findings are associated with short‐term clinical deterioration after PE.

Methods

Consecutive adult PE patients were enrolled in an academic emergency department from 2008 to 2011. The primary outcome was right heart strain (RHS) on echocardiogram or CT pulmonary angiography, or TnT ≥0.1 ng/mL. We derived an ECG (TwiST) score that is associated with RHS and short‐term adverse clinical events.

Results

We enrolled 298 patients with PE. On multivariate analysis, T‐wave inversion in leads V1 through V3 (OR: 4.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7‐13.2), S wave in lead I (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1‐3.5), and tachycardia (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3‐4.8) were associated with RHS. A TwiST score ≤2 (n = 210, 72%) was 84% (95% CI: 77%‐90%) sensitive for the absence of RHS, whereas a TwiST score ≥5 (n = 47, 16%) was 93% (95% CI: 88%‐97%) specific for the presence of RHS.

Conclusions

A simple ECG (TwiST) score can identify patients likely or not likely to have RHS with >80% specificity and sensitivity and may assist in identifying patients with acute PE at risk for adverse clinical events before pursuing other advanced imaging tests.
Development of the nasolacrimal apparatus in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), with notes on network topology and function
Authors: Rehorek Susan J. , Cunningham Jayna , Bruening Amanda E. , Johnson Jessica L. , Bhatnagar Kunwar P. , Smith Timothy D. , Hillenius Willem J.
Published: April 2015

The nasolacrimal apparatus (NLA) is a multicomponent functional system comprised of multiple orbital glands (up to four larger multicellular exocrine structures), a nasal chemosensory structure (vomeronasal organ: VNO), and a connecting duct (nasolacrimal duct: NLD). Although this system has been described in all tetrapod vertebrate lineages, albeit not always with all three main components present, considerably less is known about its ontogeny. The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) is a common lab rodent in which the individual components of the adult NLA have been well studied, but as yet nothing is known about the ontogeny of the NLA. In this study, serial sections of 15 fetal and three adult Mongolian gerbil heads show that the development of the NLA falls into three fetal stages: inception (origin of all features), elongation (lengthening of all features), and expansion (widening of all features). No postnatal or juvenile specimens were observed in this study, but considerable growth evidently occurs before the final adult condition is reached. The development of the orbital glands and the VNO in the Mongolian gerbil is largely consistent with those in other mammals, despite a slight nomenclatural conundrum for the anterior orbital glands. However, the Mongolian gerbil NLD follows a more circuitous route than in other tetrapods, due mainly to the convoluted arrangement of the narial cartilages, the development of a pair of enlarged incisors as well as an enlarged infraorbital foramen. The impact of these associated features on the ontogeny and phylogeny of the NLA could be examined through the approach of network science. This approach allows for the incorporation of adaptations to specific lifestyles as potential explanations for the variation observed in the NLA across different tetrapod clades. J. Morphol. 276:1005–1024, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.