bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei LK01 on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, Intestinal Health, and Serum Biochemical Indices in Broilers
Authors: Liu Weixin , Cheng Hong , Zhang Hao , Liu Guozhen , Yin Xinyu , Zhang Cheng , Jiang Runsheng , Wang Zaigui , Ding Xiaoling
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of adding L. paracasei LK01 to the diet on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity, intestinal health, and serum biochemical indicators of broilers. This study selected 1080 one-day-old broiler chickens with similar body weight, and randomly divided them into six groups, with six replicates in each group and 30 chicks in each replicate. The chicks were fed (1) the basal diet (CON), (2) the basal diet with 106 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01(T1), (3) the basal diet with 107 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01(T2), (4) the basal diet with 108 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01(T3), (5) the basal diet with 109 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01(T4), and (6) the basal diet with 1010 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01(T5). The experiment lasted for 42 days. In this study, compared with the CON group, the diet supplemented with L. paracasei significantly increased body weight from 1 to 21 days (p < 0.05). In addition, the 106 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01 group significantly reduced the activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and triglyceride levels; the 107 CFU/kg,108 CFU/kg, and 109 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01 groups also reduced serum uric acid and total cholesterol levels (p < 0.05). The experimental groups all had lower serum levels of malondialdehyde and interleukin-1β (p < 0.01). Except for the 106 CFU/kg group, all experimental groups had significantly lower tumor necrosis factor-α, and the 106 and 107 CFU/kg groups had higher immunoglobulin M levels (p < 0.05). In addition, the 106 CFU/kg group significantly reduced the depth of the ileocecal crypts and increased the villus-to-crypt ratio (V/C) of the jejunum and ileum. In addition, dietary supplementation with L. paracasei LK01 did not change the α diversity of the microbial community in the cecum, but significantly increased the proportion of Bacteroides (phylum) (p < 0.05). The 106 CFU/kg group also significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Ruminococcaceae (genus), Lachnospiraceae (genus), and Faecalibacterium (genus) (p < 0.05). In summary, this study revealed that adding 106 CFU/kg of L. paracasei LKO1 to broiler diets can improve their production performance, serum biochemical indicators, antioxidant, and immune capabilities, as well as cecal flora.
Integron-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Factors in Salmonella Typhimurium Isolated from Poultry
Authors: Kim Elizabeth , Nealon Nora Jean , Murray Katherine A. , Jardine Cydney , Magnuson Roberta , Rao Sangeeta
Published: December 2024

This study investigates antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Salmonella Typhimurium in poultry, focusing on how class I integrons contribute to AMR and virulence. Using whole genome sequencing, researchers analyzed 26 S. Typhimurium isolates from U.S. poultry, finding that three isolates contained integrons (1000 base pairs each). These integron-positive isolates exhibited significantly higher resistance to beta-lactams, phenicols, and tetracyclines compared to integron-free isolates (p = 0.004, 0.009, and 0.02, respectively) and harbored genes like ges, imp, and oxa, which are linked to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase resistance. Most AMR gene classes (64%) were chromosome-based, with integron-positive isolates showing a broader array of resistance genes, including catB and tetA. Integron-bearing isolates had higher occurrences of bacteriocin genes and specific AMR genes like aminoglycoside and beta-lactam resistance genes, while integron-free isolates had more fimbrial and pilus genes. The presence of integrons may trend with increased AMR genes and virulence factors, highlighting the role of integron screening in enhancing AMR surveillance and reducing the need for high-priority antimicrobial treatments in poultry. These findings could support better AMR stewardship practices in poultry production, potentially lowering infection risks in humans and livestock.
Fungal Phytase Increased Ileal and Total Tract Digestibility of Phosphorus of Cold-Pressed Canola Cake and Canola Meal Diets in Growing Pigs
Authors: Arce Nestor , Wang Li Fang , Morales Adriana , Cervantes Miguel , Zijlstra Ruurd T.
Published: December 2024

The co-product canola meal contains little fat and has been used in swine production as a protein source for several decades. More recently, locally produced canola cake has also become available that contains important quantities of residual oil. Both canola co-products contain a considerable quantity of phosphorus (P) with low availability. Phytase supplementation can increase P digestibility in canola meal but its efficacy remains unclear for canola cake containing high residual oil. To explore whether phytase supplementation can increase digestibility of P and other nutrients in canola cake, four diets containing 500 g of locally produced cold-pressed canola cake or canola meal, with or without supplemental phytase (Ronozyme HiPhos; Aspergillus oryzae origin)/kg, were fed to seven pigs (initial body weight; 55.9 ± 3.8 kg) in four 9-day periods following a 4 × 4 Latin square plus a 4 × 3 Youden square. Phytase supplementation increased phytase activity from below the detection limit to reach a minimum of 1000 phytase units/kg in the canola meal and cake diets; respectively. Phytase supplementation increased (p < 0.05) coefficients of ileal and total tract digestibility of P by 60% and 46% for canola meal and 76% and 57% for canola cake, respectively, but did not affect the digestibility of crude protein or gross energy. Ileal or total tract digestibility of P did not differ between the canola cake and canola meal diets in growing-finishing pigs. In conclusion, fungal phytase is effective in increasing the P digestibility of canola cake similar to in canola meal fed to growing-finishing pigs. The similar ileal or total tract digestibility of P in canola meal and cake diets either with or without phytase supplementation indicated that the residual oil in canola cake did not affect P digestion and did not affect the efficacy of phytase in increasing P digestibility.
Caught Between Stewardship and Resistance: How to Treat Acute Complicated Diverticulitis in Areas of Low Antimicrobial Susceptibility?
Authors: Enciu Octavian , Toma Elena-Adelina , Miron Adrian , Popa Gabriela Loredana , Muntean Andrei-Alexandru , Porosnicu Andrei Ludovic , Popa Mircea Ioan
Published: December 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the main threats to public health, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens on the rise across continents. Although treatment guidelines generally recommend antimicrobial therapy for acute complicated diverticulitis, they do not specify treatment pathways according to local or national resistance profiles. There is sparse data regarding specific pathogens involved in Hinchey II–IV patients who undergo surgery. This study seeks to address these issues and determine how often and what types of MDR bacteria occur in patients undergoing emergency surgery. We prospectively enrolled patients admitted between 2020–2023 and who underwent emergency surgery for complicated acute diverticulitis. We analysed the inflammatory response parameters at admission, the type of surgery employed for source control, identified pathogens in the peritoneal samples, their antimicrobial susceptibility, the efficacy of antimicrobial empiric therapy, and mortality. Gram-negative bacteria were identified most often, with Escherichia coli being mostly MDR (43.9%) or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing (ESBL +ve) (24.4%), while most strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase positive (ESBL +ve) (80%) and MDR (80%). Of the Enterococcus spp., 57.14% were vancomycin-resistant (VRE) strains. Patients with Hinchey III/IV were significantly more associated with MDR. Patients with multiple pathogens were significantly associated with ESBL+/VRE strains. Age, leucocytosis, and procalcitonin levels at admission were good indicators for mortality prediction, which occurred in four cases. In an age when antibiotic stewardship is advisable especially in emergency settings, the treatment should be tailored according to local profiles of MDR to ensure adequate outcomes for patients.
Assessing the Theoretical Efficacy of Combination Therapy Against Gram-Negative Infections in Neutropenic Pediatric Cancer Patients: Insights from the Statistical Analysis of Survey Data
Authors: Castagnola Elio , Bagnasco Francesca , Mesini Alessio , Agyeman Philipp K. A. , Ammann Roland A. , Arrabito Marta , Carlesse Fabianne , D’Amico Maria Rosaria , Giagnuolo Giovanna , Haeusler Gabrielle M. , Idelevich Evgeny A. , Koenig Christa , Lehrnbecher Thomas , Luckowitsch Marie , Meli Mariaclaudia , Menna Giuseppe , Russo Giovanna , Santolaya de Pablo Maria Elena , Simon Arne , Solopova Galina , Sung Lillian , Tondo Annalisa , Groll Andreas H.
Published: December 2024

Background: Empirical antibacterial therapy for febrile neutropenia reduces mortality due to Gram-negative blood stream infections (BSIs). Pediatric guidelines recommend monotherapy with an antipseudomonal beta-lactam or a carbapenem and to add a second anti-Gram-negative agent in selected situations. We evaluated the changes in the proportions of resistance of beta-lactam monotherapies vs. their combination with amikacin, and the possible impact on ICU admission or death. Results: 797 BSIs due to Gram-negative bacteria in 685 patients were included. Combination therapies with amikacin had a lower percentage of isolates resistant to one or to both drugs compared with the respective monotherapy. The highest OR for ICU admission was observed when both drugs of the combination of meropenem–amikacin were resistant. Mortality was significantly associated with relapse or the progression of the underlying malignancy, and resistance to both drugs of the combinations of cefepime–amikacin or meropenem–amikacin. Methods: This study was based on data collected for a large multinational study, in which the susceptibility of Gram-negative bloodstream isolates was categorized following either EUCAST or CLSI according to local laboratory standards. An escalation antibiogram was generated for each selected drug. For resistant bacteria, the conditional susceptibility probability on resistance was calculated. Conclusions: In pediatric cancer patients with Gram-negative BSIs, the proportion of the resistant organism correlates with ICU admission or death, which may be reduced by combination therapy. In patients with suspected or confirmed Gram-negative BSIs that are not-improving or deteriorating under monotherapy, escalation to meropenem may represent the best option. Amikacin should be preferred when combination therapy is considered with ciprofloxacin as an alternative in the case of impaired renal function.
Future Challenge: Assessing the Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Staphylococcus Species Isolated from Canine Otitis Externa Cases in Western Romania
Authors: Dégi János , Morariu Sorin , Simiz Florin , Herman Viorel , Beteg Florin , Dégi Diana Maria
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has surfaced as a critical challenge to public health on a global scale. The precise and swift identification of resistance to antimicrobial agents, along with timely and suitable antimicrobial therapy paired with effective stewardship practices, is crucial for managing the rise and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of our investigation was to outline the antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus spp., a significant contributor to canine otitis, a prevalent condition in dogs, isolated in Western Romania. Methods and Materials: All data were collected from clinical cases of canine otitis externa which presented at the University Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Timișoara/Romania. A clinical evaluation was conducted, from which era swabs are usually collected and sent for analysis at the laboratory. Laboratory analysis included the microbiological examination for identifying Staphylococcus spp. and determining antibiotic susceptibility phenotypes. Statistical analysis was implemented on all data that were collected. The ear swabs were processed with standard procedures for cultivating and identifying bacteria. The resulting subcultures were processed to determine the staphylococcal species on the GP ID Cards of the Vitek® 2 automatic system. The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were detected by the Vitek® 2 system using an AST-GP80 card. These isolated Staphylococcus spp. strains were further processed by real-time PCR and PCR-RFLP. Results: Of all the auricular exudate samples analyzed, 76 were positive for Staphylococcus spp. (59.38%). Within these, in 82% of auricular samples, six distinct Staphylococcus spp. were identified (Staphylococcus (S.) pseudintermedius, S. intermedius, S. hyicus, S. delphiny, S. shleiferi, and S. aureus). Our data indicate that the PCR-RFLP assay is a practical approach to S. pseudintermedius identification, allowing for discrimination from the other Staphylococcus Intermedius Group (SIG) species and important staphylococcal pathogens of dogs. The highest frequency of resistant S. pseudintermedius isolates was detected against tetracycline (21/34; 61.76%; p-value 0.003), gentamicin (20/34; 58.82%), and kanamycin (20/34; 58.82%). Conclusions: These results are essential to guide the prudent use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine. They will also help design efficient control strategies and measure their effectiveness.
Gold Kiwi-Derived Nanovesicles Mitigate Ultraviolet-Induced Photoaging and Enhance Osteogenic Differentiation in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Kim Doyeon , Lee Chanho , Kim Manho , Park Ju Hyun
Published: December 2024

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) play a crucial role in bone formation through their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts. Aging, however, detrimentally affects the differentiation and proliferation capacities of BM-MSCs, consequently impairing bone regeneration. Thus, mitigating the aging effects on BM-MSCs is vital for addressing bone-related pathologies. In this study, we demonstrate that extracellular nanovesicles isolated from gold kiwi (GK-NVs) protect human BM-MSCs from ultraviolet (UV)-induced photoaging, thereby alleviating aging-related impairments in cellular functions that are crucial for bone homeostasis. Notably, GK-NVs were efficiently taken up by BM-MSCs without causing cytotoxicity. GK-NVs reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels upon UV irradiation, restoring impaired proliferation and migration capabilities. Furthermore, GK-NVs corrected the skewed differentiation capacities of UV-irradiated BM-MSCs by enhancing osteoblast differentiation, as evidenced by the increased expression in osteoblast-specific genes and the calcium deposition, and by reducing adipocyte differentiation, as indicated by the decreased lipid droplet formation. These findings position GK-NVs as a promising biomaterial for the treatment of bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis.
Broccoli Byproduct Extracts Attenuate the Expression of UVB-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokines in HaCaT Keratinocytes
Authors: Borja-Martínez María , Pedreño María A. , Sabater-Jara Ana Belén
Published: December 2024

Broccoli byproducts are an important source of bioactive compounds, which provide important benefits for human skin due mainly to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The primary target of UVB radiation is the basal layer of cells in the epidermis, with keratinocytes being the most abundant cell population in this layer. Given the wide range of side effects caused by exposure to UVB radiation, reducing the amount of UV light that penetrates the skin and strengthening the protective mechanisms of the skin are interesting strategies for the prevention of skin disorders. This work aims to evaluate the protective mechanisms triggered by broccoli by-products extract (BBE) on HaCaT keratinocytes exposed to UVB radiation as well as the study of the regenerative effect of these extracts on the barrier of skin keratinocytes damaged by superficial wounds as a strategy to revalorize this agricultural waste. The results obtained revealed that the BBEs exhibited a high cytoprotective effect on the HaCaT exposed to UVB light, allowing it to effectively reduce the intracellular content of ROS, as well as effectively attenuating the increase in proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-78, TNF-α) and COX-2 induced by this type of radiation. Furthermore, the BBE could be an excellent regenerative agent for skin wound repair, accelerating the migration capacity of keratinocytes thus contributing to the valorization of this byproduct as a valuable ingredient in cosmetic formulations.
Nonlinear Analysis and Solution for an Overhead Line Magnetic Energy Harvester with an Active Rectifier
Authors: Abramovitz Alexander , Shvartsas Moshe , Kuperman Alon
Published: December 2024

Recently, there has been a significant focus on developing various energy harvesting technologies to power remote electronic sensors, data loggers, and communication devices for smart grid systems. Among these technologies, magnetic energy harvesting stands out as one straightforward method to extract substantial power from current-carrying overhead lines. Due to the relatively small size of the harvester, the high currents in the distribution system quickly saturate its magnetic core. Consequently, the magnetic harvester operates in a highly nonlinear manner. The nonlinear nature of the downstream AC to DC converters further complicates the process, making precise analytical modeling a challenging task. In this paper, a clamped type overhead line magnetic energy harvester with a controlled active rectifier generating significant DC output power is investigated. A piecewise nonlinear analytical model of the magnetic harvester is derived and reported. The modeling approach is based on the application of the Froelich equation. The chosen approximation method allowed for a complete piecewise nonlinear analytical treatise of the harvester’s behavior. The main findings of this study include a closed-form solution that accounts for both the core and rectifiers’ nonlinearities and provides an accurate quantitative prediction of the harvester’s key parameters such as the transfer window width, optimal pulse location, average DC output current, and average output power. To facilitate the study, a nonlinear model of the core was developed in simulation software, based on parameters extracted from core experimental data. Furthermore, theoretical predictions were verified through comparison with a computer simulation and experimental results of a laboratory prototype harvester. Good agreement between the theoretical, simulation, and experimental results was found.
Prediction Model and Knowledge Discovery for Roof Stress in Mined-Out Areas Integrating 3D Scanning Image Features
Authors: Yang Yong , Hou Kepeng , Sun Huafen , Guo Linning , Zhe Yalei
Published: December 2024

The accurate prediction of roof stress in mined-out areas is crucial for ensuring mine safety. However, existing study methods often overlook the increasingly available image data and fail to balance the model predictive capability with interpretability. To address these issues, this study innovatively integrates 3D laser scanning image features into the prediction of roof stress in mined-out areas. Image features are extracted using pre-trained deep-learning models and combined with traditional geological parameters to construct multiple machine-learning models for prediction. The experimental results demonstrate that models incorporating image features significantly outperform traditional models that rely solely on geological parameters in terms of prediction accuracy, interpretability, and complexity, revealing the critical role of image features in stress prediction. Furthermore, the use of SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to interpret the random forest model uncovers new domain knowledge, such as the relationship between spatial patterns and stress concentration. This study theoretically validates the effectiveness of image data and effectively balances the predictive capability and interpretability of the model, facilitating knowledge discovery in the field. On a practical level, it also provides guidance for mine safety management.
Mechanical and Physicochemical Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy After Plastic Working and 3D Printing Intended for Orthopedics Implants
Authors: Kajzer Wojciech , Wielgus Gabriela , Kajzer Anita
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical and physicochemical properties of Ti6Al4V alloy samples produced using 3D printing (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) and bar after plastic working. Both sets of samples were subjected to various surface-processing methods, including sandblasting, heat treatment (hardening for 120 min at 820 ± 10 °C, followed by cooling to room temperature), mechanical polishing, and steam sterilization. This research included macroscopic surface evaluation before and after pitting corrosion resistance tests, metallographic microscopic research, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy, as well as measurements of hardness, roughness, and surface wettability. The results showed that heat and surface treatment (grinding and mechanical polishing) significantly increased the material’s hardness and corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the steam sterilization process had a positive effect by increasing surface wettability, which is important for biomedical applications, as higher wettability promotes better integration with biological tissues. This is especially relevant in implantology, where surface properties influence osseointegration and overall biocompatibility. In summary, these findings indicate that the selection of manufacturing method and the application of subsequent treatment processes significantly affect the mechanical and physicochemical properties of Ti6Al4V alloy, thereby influencing its performance and suitability for diverse engineering and biomedical applications.
Does the Supramolecular Complexation of Polyphenolic Acids with the Isomers of Pyridinecarboxamide Affect Their Antiradical Activity?
Authors: Olszowy-Tomczyk Małgorzata , Sienkiewicz-Gromiuk Justyna
Published: December 2024

Polyphenolic compounds are considered one as the most important plant-originated species with antioxidant properties. This paper focuses on exploring the structure and antiradical properties of supramolecular complexes derived from the selected polyphenolic (caffeic and protocatechuic) acids and isomers of pyridinecarboxamide. The chemical interactions between polyphenolic acids and carboxamides were analyzed using FT–IR spectroscopy. The thermal behavior of the solid phases was tested with the help of thermal analysis via thermogravimetry (TG) coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The antiradical activity was determined by using the ABTS method (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ehylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). The obtained results indicate that the solutions prepared by dissolving the solid materials exhibited better antiradical activity than the binary mixtures prepared by mixing the stock reagents’ solutions. These studies confirmed that supramolecular complexes derived from polyphenolic compounds and N-heterocyclic entities may constitute a quite interesting material for future research.
A Data-Driven Comparative Analysis of Machine-Learning Models for Familial Hypercholesterolemia Detection
Authors: Kocejko Tomasz
Published: December 2024

This study presents an assessment of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) probability using different algorithms (CatBoost, XGBoost, Random Forest, SVM) and its ensembles, leveraging electronic health record data. The primary objective is to explore an enhanced method for estimating FH probability, surpassing the currently recommended Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) Score. The models were trained using the largest Polish cohort of patients enrolled in an FH clinic, all of whom underwent genetic testing for FH-associated mutations. The initial dataset comprised over 100 parameters per patient, which was reduced to 48 clinically accessible features to ensure applicability in routine outpatient settings. To preserve balance, the data were stratified according to DLCN score ranges (<0–2>, <3–5>, <6–8>, and ≥9), representing varying levels of FH likelihood. The dataset was then split into training and test sets with an 80/20 ratio. Machine-learning models were trained, with hyperparameters optimized via grid search. The accuracy of the DLCN score in predicting FH was first evaluated by examining the proportion of patients with positive DNA tests relative to those with a DLCN score of 6 and above, the threshold for genetic testing. The DLCN score demonstrated an accuracy of approximately 40%. In contrast, the CatBoost model and its ensembles achieved over 80% accuracy. While the DLCN score remains a clinically valuable tool, its diagnostic accuracy is limited. The findings indicate that the ML models offer a substantial improvement in the precision of FH diagnosis, demonstrating its potential to enhance clinical decision making in identifying patients with FH.
The Influence of Initial Saturation on the Slurry-Bled Water-Seepage Law of Isolated Overburden Grout Injection
Authors: Wang Chaochao , Xu Jialin , Xuan Dayang , Chen Xiaojun , Li Jian
Published: December 2024

The grout injection forms a compacted backfill in the separation chamber, and most of the grouting water seeps into the overburden pores. The initial saturation of overlying rock has been found to affect the seepage distribution of effluent in overlying rock. In the actual grouting process, the flow direction of grouting water in overlying rock and the initial saturation of overlying rock may affect whether the bled water will leak to the working face. In order to investigate the influence of initial saturation on the seepage law of isolated overburden grout injection, the present paper studies the saturation change process of bled water seepage at three different initial saturations (Sr = 29%, 51%, 73%). The water leakage of the working face was monitored with the self-developed 3D visual simulation experimental system, without considering the overlying rock of the injection layer. The results show that the bled water flows mainly in the horizontal direction, and the horizontal seepage velocity is about 10 times the vertical seepage velocity. The higher the initial saturation of the overburden, the larger the seepage range of the overburden, and the closer the seepage boundary is to the working face, the easier the bled water will leak into the working face. Therefore, the grouting design and process control can be carried out better. When the thickness of the selected isolation layer is insufficient, the bled water may appear on the working face, so this problem can be improved by increasing the thickness of the isolation layer.
Confronting Various Quality Perspectives of Paper Straws—Case Study with Generation Z
Authors: Djekic Ilija , Petrovic Tanja , Smigic Nada , Udovicki Bozidar , Tomic Nikola
Published: December 2024

This article provides answers to the question of how Generation Z perceives various quality characteristics in connection with paper straws. The aim of this study was to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of paper straws from three perspectives: intrinsic quality characteristics, sensory perception, and physical characteristics. A total of 215 young adults and 65 students aged up to 27 years took part in the field study and sensory analysis, respectively. The field survey revealed that Serbian Gen Z prefers and expects paper straws do not contribute to the flavor of the drink, have a rounded and dull edge, and not change their shape when dipped into the drink. The sensory panel was formed by selecting students based on the results of several sensory screening tests conducted in the initial phase. Sensory testing for the difference showed that the impact of paper straws of different diameters on flavor was limited, although it was confirmed that artificial saliva could easily coat the surfaces and penetrate the layers of the paper straws, resulting in a significant loss of firmness and a greater potential to adhere to the lips. No effects were found on the sweetness, sourness, pungency, and overall flavor of the soft drink. Viscosity was the only attribute that was affected. The soft drink was perceived as more viscous when using the narrower straw than when using the larger diameter straws. Artificial saliva and water were the liquids that had the greatest influence on the loss of firmness of the soaked straws. After 20 min of exposure to most of the liquids tested, the paper straws were found to lose over 75% of their firmness. Paper straws are more sustainable and have the potential to completely replace plastic straws. However, their physical properties, especially firmness, need to be further improved, considering that they can be soaked in liquids for more than 20 min when consuming various beverages.
Predictive Modeling of Photovoltaic Energy Yield Using an ARIMA Approach
Authors: Sapundzhi Fatima , Chikalov Aleksandar , Georgiev Slavi , Georgiev Ivan
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a method for predicting the energy yield of a photovoltaic (PV) system based on the ARIMA algorithm. We analyze two key time series: the specific yield and the total yield of the PV system. Two ARIMA models are developed for each time series: one selected by the authors and one determined by SPSS. Model performance is evaluated through fit statistics, providing a comprehensive assessment of model accuracy. The residuals’ ACF and PACF are examined to ensure model adequacy, and confidence intervals are calculated for residuals to validate the models. A monthly forecast is then generated for both time series, complete with confidence intervals, to demonstrate the models’ predictive capabilities. The results highlight the effectiveness of ARIMA in forecasting PV energy yields, offering valuable insights for optimizing PV system performance and planning. This study contributes to the field of renewable energy forecasting by demonstrating the applicability of ARIMA models in predicting the monthly performance of photovoltaic systems.
Basic Anthropological Characteristics of Elite U17 Youth Serbian Female Volleyball Players According to Playing Position
Authors: Milić Mirjana , Vukadinović Nevena , Grgantov Zoran , Nikolić Kristina , Savić Zoran , Majstorović Nikola , Nešić Goran
Published: December 2024

This study examines the differences in the anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities of young elite female volleyball players depending on their playing position. This study was conducted with 114 U17 female players of the Serbian national team (age: 15.4 ± 0.4 years; body mass: 65.8 ± 7.8 kg; height: 176.8 ± 7.7 cm). All participants had at least four years of volleyball experience. A one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in body mass (BM), body height (BH), body mass index (BMI), one-arm standing reach (1ARS), two-arm standing reach (2ARS), arm span, a medicine ball throw (MT), standing long jump (SLJ), squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump without an arm swing (CMJ), 5 m sprint (S5), 15 m sprint with a flying start (S15), 20 m sprint (S20), and t-test (TT). The results show that a player’s position significantly impacts their anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities, with liberos requiring agility and flexibility, while middle blockers and opposite hitters focus on strength and explosiveness. Outside hitters and setters achieved high results in jump tests, while outside hitters, although agile, had slightly lower results in the long jump. The results confirm that BH and BM, 1ARS, 2ARS, arm span, explosive power, agility, speed, and flexibility significantly impact performance, indicating that a player’s position affects their anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities.
InMemQK: A Product Quantization Based MatMul Module for Compute-in-Memory Attention Macro
Authors: Feng Pengcheng , Chen Yihao , Yu Jinke , Yue Hao , Jiang Zhelong , Xiao Yi , Xiao Wan’ang , Lu Huaxiang , Chen Gang
Published: December 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs), based on transformer architecture, have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks, enabling machines to generate human-like text and engage in meaningful dialogues. However, the exponential increase in model parameters has led to limitations in inference speed and energy efficiency. Compute-in-memory (CIM) technology offers a promising solution to accelerate AI inference by performing analog computations directly within memory, potentially reducing latency and power consumption. At the same time, CIM has been successfully applied to accelerate Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs); however, the matrix–matrix multiplication (MatMul) operations inherent in the scaled dot-product attention of the transformer present unique challenges for direct CIM implementation. In this work, we propose InMemQK, a compute-in-memory-based attention accelerator that focuses on optimizing MatMul operations through software and hardware co-design. At the software level, InMemQK employs product quantization (PQ) to eliminate data dependencies. At the hardware level, InMemQK integrates energy-efficient time-domain MAC macros for ADC-free computations. Experimental results show InMemQK achieves 13.2×–13.9× lower power consumption than existing CIM-based accelerators.
Advances in Wearable Smart Chemical Sensors for Health Monitoring
Authors: Ba Ning , Yue Wen , Cao Chunmei , Wu Wei , Cheng Panpan
Published: December 2024

The advancement of wearable technology has entered a new phase, leading to the creation of various wearable sensors due to the rise of technologies like IoT and AI. Wearable chemical sensors are essential components of wearable electronics and hold significant promise in monitoring health. This review reports on the recent achievements and advantages of portable smart chemical sensing for health monitoring and discusses portable chemical sensing using frictional/piezoelectric electrochemical generators, photovoltaics and thermal power accumulators. This paper also evaluates the potential of wearable chemical sensors for health monitoring.
A Multi-Architecture Approach for Offensive Language Identification Combining Classical Natural Language Processing and BERT-Variant Models
Authors: Yadav Ashok , Khan Farrukh Aslam , Singh Vrijendra
Published: December 2024

Offensive content is a complex and multifaceted form of harmful material that targets individuals or groups. In recent years, offensive language (OL) has become increasingly harmful, as it incites violence and intolerance. The automatic identification of OL on social networks is essential to curtail the spread of harmful content. We address this problem by developing an architecture to effectively respond to and mitigate the impact of offensive content on society. In this paper, we use the Davidson dataset containing 24,783 samples of tweets and proposed three different architectures for detecting OL on social media platforms. Our proposed approach involves concatenation of features (TF-IDF, Word2Vec, sentiments, and FKRA/FRE) and a baseline machine learning model for the classification. We explore the effectiveness of different dimensions of GloVe embeddings in conjunction with deep learning models for classifying OL. We also propose an architecture that utilizes advanced transformer models such as BERT, ALBERT, and ELECTRA for pre-processing and encoding, with 1D CNN and neural network layers serving as the classification components. We achieve the highest precision, recall, and F1 score, i.e., 0.89, 0.90, and 0.90, respectively, for both the “bert encased preprocess/1 + small bert/L4H512A8/1 + neural network layers” model and the “bert encased preprocess/1 + electra small/2 + cnn” architecture.
A Cradle-to-Retailer Environmental Profile of Yellow Lentils (Lens culinaris ssp. Orientalis) as Such or Malted
Authors: Moresi Mauro , Visioni Andrea , Cimini Alessio
Published: December 2024

This study evaluated the environmental impact of malted, decorticated, and split yellow lentils, specifically Moroccan (ML) and Onano (OL) varieties, cultivated in Morocco and Italy, using a cradle-to-retailer Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. An analysis through SimaPro 9.5.0.0 software and the Product Environmental Footprint method revealed carbon footprints of approximately 4.5 and 3.3 kg CO2e per kg for malted, dehulled, and split MLs and OLs, respectively, representing increases of 50% and 52% compared to their untreated dry seed counterparts. The Product Environmental Footprints also rose significantly, by 50% for MLs and 55% for OLs, reflecting the higher water and energy demands, as well as additional waste generation, associated with the malting process. This study emphasizes the importance of focusing mitigation efforts on improving the agricultural phase, particularly in land and water use efficiency. While supplemental irrigation can boost yields, especially in water-limited regions, it significantly increases the environmental footprint, underscoring a trade-off between yield gains and sustainability. Consequently, the optimal environmental strategy may not involve increasing irrigation, but rather developing drought-resistant lentil varieties, which could reduce the overall environmental impact.
Magnetic–Thermal Coupling-Based Study on the Temperature Characteristics of Flameproof Cable Boxes for Coal Mines at Various Failure Modes
Authors: Zhang Hongkui , Cui Zhaoxuan , Lan Yipeng
Published: December 2024

Temperature monitoring is the main indicator to ensure the safe operation of the coal mine explosion-proof box. In this study, a three-way flameproof cable box was considered for coal mines. A three-dimensional transient temperature field simulation model was constructed for magnetic–thermal coupling and subsequently used to conduct temperature field simulation for the failure of the flameproof cable box for coal mines. An experimental platform was developed to test the temperature characteristics of failure flameproof cable boxes for coal mines and obtain temperature curves at various failure currents. Using the experimental results of temperature characteristics and temperature field simulation outcomes, we analyzed the time responses and spatial distribution characteristics of the temperature rise of flameproof cable boxes for coal mines. The error between simulation and experimental results does not exceed 1 K, and the upper limit of time to ensure safe operation under different failure modes is determined. Thus, the acquired temperature distribution characteristics in a failure mode can be used as a reference for the design, inspection, and status warning of flameproof cable boxes for coal mines.
Influence of Apple Juice Type on Fermentation Process and Volatile Compounds of Hard Apple Cider
Authors: Habschied Kristina , Ivić Ivana , Krstanović Vinko , Kovačević Dragan , Kovačević Andreja , Mastanjević Krešimir
Published: December 2024

Fermented apple cider is a refreshing alcoholic drink known since ancient times, and it is obtained by fermenting apple fruit juice. Using the standards of alcohol concentration (up to 8%) and carbonation, it belongs to drinks similar to beer. It can be produced using wild yeasts, but currently a fermentation starter can be purchased. This work aims to produce fermented cider using commercial pasteurized juices: clear apple juice and organic cloudy juice using commercial yeast for cider production. After fermentation, the physico-chemical characteristics of the drink were determined, alongside volatile compounds of the freshly produced ciders, as well after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of maturation. Acids, alcohols, carbonyl compounds, terpenes, esters, and volatile phenols were determined using headspace–solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS). The results show that the fermentation was slower (14 days) in the cloudy juice in contrast to the sample produced from clear apple juice (10 days). Also, the volatile compounds related to aroma were abundantly found in the cider produced from cloudy apple juice compared to the cider produced from the clear apple juice. The conducted sensory analysis was in favor of cloudy juice.
Setonix: Blockchain-Based Hierarchy Domain Name System for Web3
Authors: Jeon Juseong , Park Sejin
Published: December 2024

DNS is an essential component for internet access, but the traditional centralized structure is not suitable for the rapidly growing Web3 ecosystem. Currently, Web3 services rely on Web2-based access paths, revealing limitations such as the Single Point of Failure (SPoF) issue and the compromise of decentralization principles. To address these issues, this paper proposes Setonix, a blockchain-based decentralized DNS. Experimental results of the implemented Setonix showed that it had only a marginal performance difference of up to approximately 5% compared to Google and Cloudflare DNS. Additionally, it demonstrated over 95% lower latency compared to Handshake DNS, proving its high efficiency. Setonix eliminates dependency on centralized access paths and brings the hierarchical address structure of existing domain names into the blockchain network, adhering to legacy systems to minimize user resistance. Additionally, it provides a blockchain-based architecture that supports cross-compatibility between traditional domain names and Web3 domain names through a simple interface. This design significantly enhances the scalability and accessibility of Web3, presenting a new standard for decentralized internet services. By doing so, it helps to establish a foundation that contributes to the growth and innovation of the Web3 ecosystem.
Machine Learning and Zombie Firms Classification
Authors: Minami Koutaroh , Yasuda Yukihiro
Published: December 2024

We investigate whether the machine learning technique helps to identify zombie firms. We also analyze the differences in zombie indicators proposed by previous research.revious studies successfully classified firms as zombies by focusing on whether they receive subsidized credits. However, when the policy interest rate is low, it becomes more challenging to identify zombies, because low-interest payments by firms can be caused by lenders’ support to zombies and by low policy interest rates. According to our machine learning approach, we show that we can predict zombie firms from financial information that is publicly available even when the policy interest rate is low. We also find that the financial accounts important for predicting zombie firms differ for every zombie indicator, suggesting that these indicators reflect different aspects of firms’ status.
Study on the Impact Resistance of the Honeycomb Composite Sandwich Structure by a Fragment Flight Angle
Authors: Chang Bianhong , Wang Zhenning , Bi Guangjian
Published: December 2024

At present, the typical targets in the air are mainly high-speed impact bodies such as fragments, which pose a great threat to aviation equipment such as drones. It is urgent to study the impact resistance of different initial conditions of fragments to honeycomb sandwich structures. The fragment impact experiment analyzes the fragment flight attitude, fragment power, failure mode, and impact resistance of the structure by changing the different impact velocities on the target plate. In order to study the damage mode and anti-damage performance of several composite honeycomb sandwich structures under oblique penetration impact mode, a total of six groups of composite honeycomb structures were tested by fragment impact sandwich structure at different angles, and the damage law of composite honeycomb sandwich structure in the experiment was compared and analyzed. According to the experimental results, the accuracy of the theoretical model and numerical simulation was verified by fragment impact composite honeycomb sandwich structure. The analysis results show that the failure mode of the composite honeycomb sandwich structure under oblique impact is quite different from that of the traditional structure, which is mainly reflected in the material accumulation type of the failure part. Compared with the traditional structure, the composite honeycomb sandwich structure exhibits better energy absorption efficiency, which is increased by 130% and 600%, respectively. This paper shows the different failure modes of honeycomb sandwich structure under oblique impact and positive impact. The existence of an inclined angle changes the failure mode, increases the damage range, and increases the total energy absorption. It is necessary to further study the failure mechanism of fragment flight angle on honeycomb sandwich structure and provide a reference for the impact resistance design of the structure.
Investigation of the Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Seasonal Origin of Atmospheric PM2.5 in Chenzhou City
Authors: Chen Xiaolong , Zhang Hongfeng , Wong Cora Un In , Li Fanbo
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to elucidate the transmission pathways and spatial distribution of potential source areas for PM2.5 pollution in Chenzhou City across diverse seasons in southern Hunan. Utilizing Sampling Kriging interpolation analysis, we modeled the temporal and spatial oscillations of PM2.5 concentrations in Chenzhou City, complemented by HYSPLIT air mass backward trajectories. Furthermore, the model conducted cluster analysis to identify discernible patterns. Our findings unveiled marked seasonal variations in PM2.5 concentrations within Chenzhou City. The pinnacle is discerned during winter (75.13 μg·m−3), whereas the nadir is pronounced in summer (27.64 μg·m−3). Notably, the PM2.5/PM10 ratio surpasses 0.55 during both autumn and winter. Spatially, Chenzhou exhibits an annual average distribution of PM2.5 pollution characterized by a gradient “from north to south in the western and central sectors, tapering towards the east”. Pollution source analysis suggests that PM2.5 pollution in Chenzhou City is predominantly ascribed to local emissions. Transmission pathway analysis reveals that the primary transmission corridors, spanning northwest Guangdong, southwestern Henan, Hubei, southern Anhui, and specific zones of southwestern Jiangxi, consistently align with external PM2.5 pollution sources affecting Chenzhou City throughout the year. Noteworthy seasonal disparities emerge in the spatial distribution and contribution of potential source regions. During spring, autumn, and winter, the predominant contributing regions are primarily located in adjacent provinces. In contrast, during summer, regions with relatively elevated values predominantly streak across the central and western sectors of Jiangxi and the southeastern Hunan region. A comprehensive examination of the seasonal distribution patterns, potential transmission routes, and likely contributing sources of PM2.5 in Chenzhou City can offer invaluable insights for regional atmospheric environmental governance. Furthermore, it underscores the paramount importance of collaborative regional strategies directed towards the prevention and control of PM2.5 pollution.