bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisa Teknis Penetapan Kanal Frekuensi Radio Untuk Lembaga Penyiaran Radio Komunitas Wilayah Kabupaten Batang
Authors: Jayati Ari Endang , Minarti Wahyu , Heranurweni Sri
Published: September 2021

The radio frequency spectrum constitutes a limited and strategic natural resource with high economic value, so it must be managed effectively and efficiently to obtain optimal benefits by observing national and international legal principles. Radio Community Broadcasting Institution uses limited frequency allocation in three channels, namely, in the frequency channels 202 (107.7 MHz), 203 (107.8 MHz), and 204 (107.9 MHz), with limited transmit power and area coverage. The problem in this research is the frequency overlap with other community radios in an area. The issue raised is whether it is possible to establish a new community radio in the Batang Regency area by paying attention to existing radios that have licenses in districts/cities that are in the area directly adjacent to Batang Regency by considering the limited allocation of radio frequency channels community, without the occurrence of radio frequency interference with other community radios. The purpose of this research is to solve these problems. It is necessary to have a policy in determining radio frequency users to get good quality radio broadcast reception. The method used is to analyze the frequency determination technique based on the interference analysis on other community broadcasters. By using the Radio Mobile Software for frequency repetition simulation, in this research, the results show that Batang FM Community Radio does not allow to get frequency channels for community radio operations. After all, it interferes with the Service Area of ​​Soneta FM Radio in Pekalongan City because it does not meet the requirements for determining the frequency channel = Eu> NF, namely the Nuisance Field (NF) value of 109.7 dB is greater than the Minimum Usable Field strength (Eu) of 66 dB. In comparison, Limpung FM Radio gets radio frequency on channel 203 (frequency 107.8 MHz) because it meets the requirements for determining the frequency channel = Eu> NF, namely the Minimum Usable Field strength (Eu) 66 dB greater than the Nuisance Field (NF) of 55.7 dB.
Analisis Sentimen Sistem Ganjil Genap Kota Bogor
Authors: Rachmi Hilda , Suparni Suparni , Kaafi Ahmad Al
Published: September 2021

To reduce the crowds during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Bogor City Government implemented an odd-even system for all vehicles in the city of Bogor at the end of the operation. Since the implementation of this policy, many opinions have been conveyed through social media. An analysis is needed to find out how effective the policy is based on public opinion. For this reason, an analysis of the sentiment application of the odd-even system for vehicles in the city of Bogor was carried out during the pandemic. The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy, recall, and precision and calculate the amount of emotion obtained from sentiment analysis by using several algorithms for the application and application of selection features that can provide sentiment information related to the effectiveness of the software system in Bogor City. The research stages started from the selection of data, pre-processing, implementation, validation, and evaluation. Based on this research, it can be found that the Support Vector Machine algorithm with the application of Particle Swarm Optimization shows the results of the greatest assessment on the system sentiment analysis test in the city of Bogor during the pandemic with a value of 73.07%. In total, the sentiment of implementing the odd-even system to declare in Bogor City shows an expression of the joy of 45.45%.
Contribution of the otoliths to the human torsional vestibulo-ocular reflex
Authors: Groen Eric , Bos Jelte E. , de Graaf Bernd
Published: September 2021

The dynamic contribution of the otolith organs to the human ocular torsion response was examined during passive sinusoidal body roll about an earth-horizontal axis (varying otolith inputs) and about an earth-vertical axis (invariant otolith inputs). Torsional eye movements were registered in 5 subjects by means of video-oculography. At a fixed amplitude of 25°, the stimulus frequency was varied from 0.05 to 0.4 Hz. Additionally, at a fixed frequency of 0.2 Hz, the response was also measured at the amplitudes of 12.5° and 50°. The results showed that the gain and phase of the torsional slow component velocity (SCV) did not depend on stimulus amplitude, indicating a linear response. Contribution of the otoliths affected the ocular torsion response in three different ways. First, the gain of the SCV was slightly, but consistently, higher during rotation about an earth-horizontal axis than during rotation about an earth-vertical axis. With invariant otolith inputs the average gain increased from 0.10 at 0.05 Hz to 0.26 at 0.25 Hz. With varying otolith inputs, the average gain increased from 0.14 to 0.37. Second and more substantially, contribution of the otoliths improved the response dynamics by reducing the phase lead at frequencies up to 0.2 Hz. Third, the nystagmus showed considerably less anticompensatory saccades in upright conditions than in supine conditions, even though the SCV gain was lower in the latter. As a consequence, the average excursion of torsional eye position was highest during earth-horizontal rotation. This effect was observed in the entire frequency range. Thus, the otoliths controlled the human torsional VOR not only at low stimulus frequencies by keeping the slow component in phase with head motion, but also in a wider frequency range by modulating the saccadic behavior as to increase the amplitude of ocular torsion. We conclude that the primary concern of the otolith-oculomotor system during head tilt is to stabilize eye position in space, rather than to prevent retinal blur.
Torsional dynamics and cross-coupling in the human vestibulo-ocular reflex during active head rotation
Authors: Misslisch H. , Tweed D.
Published: September 2021

Six subjects fixated an imagined space-fixed target in darkness, or a visible target against a structured visual background, while rotating their heads actively in yaw, pitch and roll at four different frequencies, from 0.3 to 2.4 Hz. We used search coils to measure the 3-dimensional rotations of the head and eye, and described the relation between them – the input-output function of the rotational vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) – using gain matrices. We found consistent cross-coupling in which torsional head rotation evoked horizontal eye rotation. The reason may be that the eyes are above the axis of torsional head rotation, and therefore may translate horizontally during the head motion, so the VOR rotates them horizontally to compensate. Torsional gain was lower than horizontal or vertical, more variable from subject to subject and decreased at low frequencies. One reason for the low gain may be that torsional head rotation produces little retinal slip near the fovea; hence little compensatory eye motion is needed, and so the VOR reduces its torsional gain to save energy or to approximate Listing's law by keeping ocular torsion near zero. In addition, the human VOR has little experience with purely torsional head rotations and so its adaptive networks may be poorly trained for such stimuli. The drop in torsional gain at low frequencies can be explained based on the leak in the neural integrator that helps convert torsional eye-velocity commands into eye-position commands.
The effects of repeated optokinetic stimulation on human autonomic function
Authors: Peters Kim , Darlington Cynthia L. , Smith Paul F.
Published: September 2021

Numerous animal studies have suggested that the vestibular system modulates respiratory and cardiovascular function. However, relatively few studies have examined vestibular-autonomic interaction in humans. In this study we investigated the effects of repeated horizontal (clockwise or anticlockwise) optokinetic stimulation on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse and latency to circularvection (CV) in humans, and compared the effects with those of repeated exposure to a stationary visual stimulus. Although all subjects experienced CV, neither mean SBP, DBP or pulse differed significantly between the clockwise/anticlockwise optokinetic stimulation and no optokinetic stimulation conditions. However, SBP and DBP changed significantly over the 20 trials in each test session, even when there was no optokinetic stimulation ( P < 0.001 in each case). These results suggest that while horizontal optokinetic stimulation does not significantly affect SBP, DBP or pulse in humans, changes in these variables can be induced by trial repetition itself, even when no optokinetic stimulation occurs.
Difference by instructional set in stabilometry
Authors: Nishiwaki Yuji , Takebayashi Toru , Imai Azusa , Yamamoto Masahiko , Omae Kazuyuki
Published: September 2021

There is no standard for the awareness of standing posture in stabilometry, yet little research addressing the matter has been carried out. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of different instructional sets during a test on stabilometry. Stabilometry was performed on 349 male subjects. Two different instructions were prepared for the subjects regarding the awareness of their standing posture. These instructions were a) “Please relax when you stand” (R-standing), and b) “Please make an effort to minimize your body sway” (E-standing). Subjects were classified into four groups according to the combination of these instructions they received. For the five body sway parameters, a comparison between R-standing and E-standing was performed, controlling for possible confounders such as age, height, body weight, educational history, alcohol consumption, and smoking status. The sway length in E-standing was larger than that in R-standing, even after the adjustment for possible confounders. Our results indicate that the difference in the instructional set caused a significant measurement bias. Thorough-going unification of instructions for the stabilometry should be recommended when stabilometry is performed in an epidemiological investigation.
Dynamics of the human linear vestibulo-ocular reflex at medium frequency and modification by short-term training
Authors: Shelhamer Mark , Roberts Dale C. , Zee David S.
Published: September 2021

We study here the effect of a short-term training paradigm on the gain and phase of the human translational VOR (the linear VOR: LVOR). Subjects were exposed to lateral sinusoidal translations on a sled, at 0.5 Hz, 0.3 g peak acceleration. With subjects tracking a remembered target at 1.2 m, the LVOR (slow-phase) under these conditions typically has a phase lead or lag, and a gain that falls short of compensatory. To induce short-term adaptation (training), we presented an earth-fixed visual scene at 1.2 m during sinusoidal translation ( × 1 viewing) for 20 minutes, so as to drive the LVOR toward compensatory phase and gain. We examined both the slow-phase and the saccadic responses to these stimuli. Testing after training showed changes in slow-component gain and phase which were mostly but not always in the compensatory direction. These changes were more consistent in naive subjects than in subjects who had previous LVOR experience. Changes in gain were seen with step as well as sinusoidal test stimuli; gain changes were not correlated with vergence changes. There was a strong correlation between gain changes and phase changes across subjects. Fast phases (catch-up saccades) formed a large component of the LVOR under our testing conditions (approximately 30% of the changes in gain but not in phase due to training.
Effects of hypergravity on morphology and osteopontin expression in the rat otolith organs
Authors: Uno Yoshihiro , Horii Arata , Umemoto Masanori , Hasegawa Taro , Doi Katsumi , Uno Atsuhiko , Takemura Teiji , Kubo Takeshi
Published: September 2021

Recovery from balance disorders after spaceflight is supposed to reflect the process of readaptation to normal gravitational environment (1G) from microgravity. Linear acceleration including gravity is perceived by otolith pathways, therefore, it could be assumed that possible plastic changes in any part of otolithic pathways from the level of the vestibular periphery to the central vestibular system might be responsible for adaptive mechanisms to an altered gravitational environment. In the present study, to elucidate a role of otoconia in adaptation to altered gravity, we examined the effects of hypergravity (2G) on morphology and synthesis of saccular and utricular otoconia in young adult rats. Morphology of otoconia was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Otoconial synthesis was assessed by mRNA expression of osteopontin, a matrix protein of otoconia, in otolithic maculae as a marker of otoconial genesis determined by a real-time quantitative PCR method. The present results showed that neither otoconial morphology nor otoconial synthesis was affected by up to one week exposure to hypergravity. These findings suggest that changes in neurotransmission at the synapses of the peripheral and/or central vestibular system rather than the changes in otoconial morphology and synthesis may be involved in adaptive mechanisms to an altered gravitational environment.
Effects on the optokinetic system of midline lesions in the pretectum of monkeys
Authors: Watanabe Shoji , Kato Isao , Hattori Kosuke , Azuma Miki , Nakamura Tadashi , Koizuka Izumi
Published: September 2021

The nucleus of the optic tract (NOT), an important visuo-motor relay between the retina and preoculomotor structures, is responsible for mediating horizontal optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in monkeys, cats, rabbits and rats. In addition to its projection to the vestibular nuclei, the NOT has a prominent projection to the contralateral NOT via the posterior commissure. In order to evaluate the role of the commissural fibers between the NOTs in OKN, we cut the posterior commissure in three Macaca fuscata. The animals viewed the OKN stripes under three conditions: right eye viewing, left eye viewing, and both eyes viewing. OKN was recorded in response to counter-clockwise and clockwise stimulation at stimulus velocities of 30°/s, 60°/s and 90°/s. After control data were gathered, the posterior commissure was transected with an operating knife. Before the animal was sacrificed, biocytin, an anterograde tracer, was injected into the left NOT in order to confirm that all of the commissural fibers had been cut. Although the midline lesions decreased the initial rapid rise and steady state OKN slow-phase velocity in all three animals, there were no directional differences observed during monocular clockwise or counter-clockwise visual stimulation to either eye. In two of the three animals, there were no significant differences in the time-constants of optokinetic after nystagmus (OKAN) after the lesion. In the remaining animal, the time-constants decreased at stimulus velocities of 30°/s and 60°/s.

In conclusion, gain reduction in the rapid rise and steady state slow-phase velocity of OKN can be explained by removal of an excitatory signal mediated by commissural fibers to inhibitory interneurons in the contralateral NOT. However, interrupting the commissural fibers had no effect on the velocity storage mechanism, because the time-constants of OKAN mostly remained largely unchanged by the lesion.
Orientation illusions and heart-rate changes during short-radius centrifugation
Authors: Hecht Heiko , Kavelaars Jessica , Cheung Carol C. , Young Laurence R.
Published: September 2021

Intermittent short-radius centrifugation is a promising countermeasure against the adverse effects of prolonged weightlessness. To assess the feasibility of this countermeasure, we need to understand the disturbing sensory effects that accompany some movements carried out during rotation. We tested 20 subjects who executed yaw and pitch head movements while rotating at constant angular velocity. They were supine with their main body axis perpendicular to earth gravity. The head was placed at the centrifuge's axis of rotation. Head movements produced a transient elevation of heart-rate. All observers reported head-contingent sensations of body tilt although their bodies remained supine. Mostly, the subjective sensations conform to a model based on semicircular canal responses to angular acceleration. However, some surprising deviations from the model were found. Also, large inter-individual differences in direction, magnitude, and quality of the illusory body tilt were observed. The results have implications for subject screening and prediction of subjective tolerance for centrifugation.
Vestibular prostheses: The engineering and biomedical issues
Authors: Wall C. , Merfeld D.M. , Rauch S.D. , Black F.O.
Published: September 2021

Currently available data demonstrate the need for balance prostheses. Recent technological and biomedical advances now make it feasible to produce miniaturized sensors, signal processors, electric stimulators, and stimulating electrodes that are roughly analogous to a cochlear implant but which provide information about self motion, instead of sound. Many areas require work before balance prostheses become a reality. Some of these include: the development of a motion sensor array, the conversion of the sensed motion into physiologically meaningful information, the delivery of the transformed information to the CNS, the training of vestibular deficient individuals to use the prosthesis, and developing methods to evaluate the efficacy of the device. In this “white paper”, we consider these issues in the context of prototype baseline prosthetic devices.
Morphometric analysis of the vestibular sensory epithelia of young adult rat
Authors: Wubbels R.J. , de Jong H.A.A. , van Marle J.
Published: September 2021

The appearance of vestibular sensory cells and their progressive development has been the subject of many ontogenetic studies. Because deteriorating hair cells are supposed to play a role in balance disorders of the elderly, the final stage of development (i.e. senescence) has been investigated as well. It is generally assumed that the number of hair cells in crista ampullaris, saccule and utricle slowly but steadily decreases with age. However, actual data covering the period between maturation and senescence are scarce. In the present study, rat vestibular epithelia were labeled for actin and tubulin. Morphology was inspected from immediately after weaning until the age of 12 months. Although, postnatal development was no part of this study some data on one day old epithelia are presented for comparison. At postnatal day 1, hair bundles are still shorter than in mature sensory organs, the width of the zonula adherens is less, and the apical cross-sectional area of the epithelial cells is smaller. After one month, maturation is complete. Total cell density is 400âĂŞ500 per 0.01 mm[Formula: see text], both in the otolith maculae and in the cristae ampullares. During the first year after maturation, no changes in epithelial morphology were observed and cell density remains constant.
Effects of rotation on the sleep state-dependent midlatency auditory evoked P50 potential in the human
Authors: Dornhoffer John L. , Mamiya N. , Bray P. , Skinner Robert D. , Garcia-Rill Edgar
Published: September 2021

Sopite syndrome, characterized by loss of initiative, sensitivity to normally innocuous sensory stimuli, and impaired concentration amounting to a sensory gating deficit, is commonly associated with Space Motion Sickness (SMS). The amplitude of the P50 potential is a measure of level of arousal, and a paired-stimulus paradigm can be used to measure sensory gating. We used the rotary chair to elicit the sensory mismatch that occurs with SMS by overstimulating the vestibular apparatus. The effects of rotation on the manifestation of the P50 midlatency auditory evoked response were then assessed as a measure of arousal and distractibility. Results showed that rotation-induced motion sickness produced no change in the level of arousal but did produce a significant deficit in sensory gating, indicating that some of the attentional and cognitive deficits observed with SMS may be due to distractibility induced by decreased habituation to repetitive stimuli.
Perceptual disturbances predicted in zero-g through three-dimensional modeling
Authors: Holly Jan E.
Published: September 2021

Perceptual disturbances in zero-g and 1-g differ. For example, the vestibular coriolis (or "cross-coupled") effect is weaker in zero-g. In 1-g, blindfolded subjects rotating on-axis experience perceptual disturbances upon head tilt, but the effects diminish in zero-g. Head tilts during centrifugation in zero-g and 1-g are investigated here by means of three-dimensional modeling, using a model that was previously used to explain the zero-g reduction of the on-axis vestibular coriolis effect. The model's foundation comprises the laws of physics, including linear-angular interactions in three dimensions. Addressed is the question: In zero-g, will the vestibular coriolis effect be as weak during centrifugation as during on-axis rotation? Centrifugation in 1-g was simulated first, with the subject supine, head toward center. The most noticeable result concerned direction of head yaw. For clockwise centrifuge rotation, greater perceptual effects arose in simulations during yaw counterclockwise (as viewed from the top of the head) than for yaw clockwise. Centrifugation in zero-g was then simulated with the same "supine" orientation. The result: In zero-g the simulated vestibular coriolis effect was greater during centrifugation than during on-axis rotation. In addition, clockwise-counterclockwise differences did not appear in zero-g, in contrast to the differences that appear in 1-g.
Gravity or translation: Central processing of vestibular signals to detect motion or tilt
Authors: Angelaki Dora E. , Dickman J. David
Published: September 2021

The processing and detection of tilts relative to gravity from actual motion (translational accelerations) is one of the most fundamental issues for understanding vestibular sensorimotor control in altered gravity environments. In order to better understand the nature of multisensory signals in detecting motion and tilt, we summarize here our recent studies regarding the central processing of vestibular signals during multi-axis rotational and translational stimuli. Approximately one fourth of the cells in the vestibular nuclei exclusively encoded rotational movements (Canal-Only neurons) and were unresponsive to translation. The Canal-Only central neurons encoded head rotation in canal afferent coordinates, exhibited no orthogonal canal convergence and were characterized by significantly higher sensitivities to rotation as compared to canal afferents. Another fourth of the neurons modulated their firing rates during translation (Otolith-Only cells). During rotations, these neurons typically only responded when the axis of rotation was earth-horizontal and the head was changing orientation relative to gravity. The remaining cells (approximately half of total population) were sensitive to both rotations and translations (Otolith+Canal neurons). Maximum sensitivity vectors to rotation were distributed throughout the 3D space, suggesting strong convergence from multiple semicircular canals. Only a small subpopulation (approximately one third) of these Otolith+Canal neurons seems to encode a true estimate of the translational component of the imposed passive head and body movement. These results provide the first step in further understanding multisensory convergence in normal gravity, as this task is fundamental to our appreciation of neurovestibular adaptation to altered gravity.
Spatial perception changes associated with space flight: Implications for adaptation to altered inertial environments
Authors: Parker Donald E.
Published: September 2021

Preparation for extended travel by astronauts within the Solar System, including a possible manned mission to Mars, requires more complete understanding of adaptation to altered inertial environments. Improved understanding is needed to support development and evaluation of interventions to facilitate adaptations during transitions between those environments. Travel to another planet escalates the adaptive challenge because astronauts will experience prolonged exposure to microgravity before encountering a novel gravitational environment. This challenge would have to be met without ground support at the landing site. Evaluation of current adaptive status as well as intervention efficacy can be performed using perceptual, eye movement and postural measures. Due to discrepancies of adaptation magnitude and time-course among these measures, complete understanding of adaptation processes, as well as intervention evaluation, requires examination of all three. Previous research and theory that provide models for comprehending adaptation to altered inertial environments are briefly examined. Reports from astronauts of selected pre- in- and postflight self-motion illusions are described. The currently controversial tilt-translation reinterpretation hypothesis is reviewed and possible resolutions to the controversy are proposed. Finally, based on apparent gaps in our current knowledge, further research is proposed to achieve a more complete understanding of adaptation as well as to develop effective counter-measures.
Context-specific adaptation and its significance for neurovestibular problems of space flight
Authors: Shelhamer Mark , Zee David S.
Published: September 2021

It has been demonstrated that various vestibular and oculomotor responses can be adapted in a context-specific manner: different adapted states are associated with different states of a prevailing context cue, and a change in the context state triggers a change in the response such that each adapted state is associated with a given context state. We review selected literature on context-specific adaptation, including our own recent results on adaptation of saccades, pursuit, and the linear and angular vestibulo-ocular reflexes (LVOR and AVOR), and suggest some ways in which context-specific adaptation might be useful as a countermeasure to the adverse neurovestibular effects of space flight.
The sensitivity and specificity of the Timed "Up & Go" and the dynamic gait index for self-reported falls in persons with vestibular disorders
Authors: Whitney Susan L. , Marchetti Gregory F. , Schade Annika , Wrisley Diane M.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Timed "Up & Go" (TUG) and Dynamic Gait Index in identifying self-reported fallers among persons with vestibular dysfunction. One hundred three patient charts were included from a tertiary vestibular physical therapy practice. The patients ranged in age from 14–90 years and had vestibular diagnoses, falls reported in the patient chart, and completed the TUG and/or the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI). Thirty-one persons reported falling one or more times in the previous 6 months during their initial assessment. Persons who took longer than 13.5 seconds to perform the TUG test were 3.7 times more likely to have reported a fall in the previous 6 months. Those persons with scores less than or equal to 18 on the DGI were 2.7 times (p = 0.03) more likely to have reported a fall in the previous 6 months. The sensitivity of the DGI at 18 or less was 70% and the specificity was 51%. People who scored greater than 11.1 seconds on the TUG were 5times (p = 0.001) more likely to have reported a fall in the previous 6 months. Sensitivity (80%) and specificity (56%) were calculated for TUG scores of greater than 11.1 seconds. The TUG and the DGI appear to be helpful in identifying fall risk in persons with vestibular dysfunction. Slower scores on the TUG (> 11.1 seconds) and lower scores on the DGI (18) correlated with reports of falls in persons with vestibular dysfunction.
Perceptual and nystagmic thresholds of vestibular function in yaw
Authors: Seemungal B.M. , Gunaratne I.A. , Fleming I.O. , Gresty M.A. , Bronstein A.M.
Published: September 2021

A technique for simultaneous measurement of conscious (perceptual) and reflex (nystagmus) thresholds of vestibular function is described. We used an automated modified binary search algorithm with simultaneous infrared oculography in determining perceptual and VOR nystagmic thresholds respectively, during discrete whole body rotations in the dark. In a young group of 14 normal subjects (mean age 23 years) angular acceleration thresholds were significantly higher for perceptual detection (1.18 deg/s/s) than for nystagmus generation (0.51 deg/s/s). Only nystagmic thresholds were slightly raised (0.87 deg/s/s) in an older group of 9 normal subjects (mean age 63 years). The finding that nystagmic thresholds are lower than perceptual ones indicates a higher sensitivity of brainstem than cortical vestibular mechanisms. This technique would be of particular value in clinical situations where a dissociation between reflex and conscious vestibular mechanisms is expected, e.g. in patients with cortical lesions or in elderly patients with falls.
Otolith mass asymmetries in the utricle and saccule of flatfish
Authors: Helling Kai , Scherer Hans , Hausmann Stefan , Clarke Andrew H.
Published: September 2021

The otolith mass of the saccules and utricles of plaice, Pleuronectes platessa (n = 39) and turbot, Psetta maxima (n = 21) was measured using an electronic microbalance. In the right-eyed plaice, the left utricular otoliths were found to be significantly heavier than the right (p < 0.0001), whereas no significant difference was found between left and right saccular otoliths (p < 0.751). In the left-eyed turbot, both the right utricular and saccular otoliths were found to be significantly heavier (in both cases, p < 0.0001). While the gene and regulative protein responsible for the peripheral biomineralisation process have been identified, it remains unclear how the symmetry between the right and left otoliths in fish species is regulated. Here it is likely that an additional central mechanism is involved. It must be assumed that similar processes govern the systematic asymmetry observed in flatfish such as the plaice and turbot. Taken together these findings are strongly suggestive of concomitant CNS modification and metamorphic plasticity, presumably represented in genetic code.
The effects of vestibular system lesions on autonomic regulation: Observations, mechanisms, and clinical implications
Authors: Yates Bill J. , Bronstein Adolfo M.
Published: September 2021

The loss of labyrinthine inputs in patients or animal models has been demonstrated to affect autonomic regulation. Considerable evidence suggests that vestibular-autonomic responses serve to adjust blood pressure and respiratory activity during movement and postural alterations. However, following peripheral vestibular lesions, compensation rapidly occurs, such that autonomic disturbances are not readily evident in patients with chronic labyrinthine dysfunction. This manuscript summarizes the evidence suggesting that vestibular inputs influence autonomic regulation, but that cardiovascular and respiratory responses linked to movement recover quickly subsequent to the loss of labyrinthine signals. In addition, the clinical implications of dysfunction of vestibulo-autonomic reflexes are described. Furthermore, the mechanisms potentially responsible for the return of the ability to produce posturally-related adjustments in blood pressure and respiration following vestibular lesions are discussed. In particular, evidence that somatosensory signals can replace labyrinthine inputs to vestibular nucleus neurons that participate in autonomic regulation is provided.
Vestibulo-tactile interactions regarding motion perception and eye movements in yaw
Authors: Bos Jelte E. , van Erp Jan , Groen Eric L. , van Veen Hendrik-Jan
Published: September 2021

This paper shows that tactile stimulation can override vestibular information regarding spinning sensations and eye movements. However, we conclude that the current data do not support the hypothesis that tactile stimulation controls eye movements directly. To this end, twenty-four subjects were passively disoriented by an abrupt stop after an increase in yaw velocity, about an Earth vertical axis, up to 120°/s. Immediately thereafter, they had to actively maintain a stationary position despite a disturbance signal. Subjects wore a tactile display vest with 48 miniature vibrators, applied in different combinations with visual and vestibular stimuli. Their performance was quantified by RMS body velocity during self-control. Fast eye movement phases were analyzed by counting samples exceeding a velocity limit, slow phases by a novel method applying a first order model. Without tactile and visual information, subjects returned to a previous level of angular motion. Tactile stimulation decreased RMS self velocity considerably, though less than vision. No differences were observed between conditions in which the vest was active during the recovery phase only or during the disorienting phase as well. All effects of tactile stimulation found on the eye movement parameters could be explained by the vestibular stimulus.
Stapedotomy and post-operative benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Magliulo Giuseppe , Gagliardi Mario , Cuiuli Giuseppe , Celebrini Alessandra , Parrotto Donato , D'Amico Raffaello
Published: September 2021

In our experience some patients subjected to stapedotomy presented vestibular symptoms characterized by brief episodes of vertigo that only lasted 10 to 20 seconds, accompanied by rapid paroxysmal nystagmus similar to that found in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). For this study, 141 otosclerotic patients were enroled and underwent stapedotomy following the Fisch and Dillier's technique. Twelve out (8.5%) of all the patients under study complained of post-operative vertigo and the physical examination of the positional nystagmus confirmed the presence of paroxymal positional vertigo. The percentage seems particularly high and does not agree with the data reported in literature. The onset of the vestibular symptoms appeared between the 5th and 21st day after surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study existing in literature on the incidence of BPPV after surgery of the stapes. It must also be stressed that the patient should be informed beforehand during the consultation phase of the possibility of post-stapedotomy BPPV together with the other causes of post-operative vertigo.
The minimal ice water caloric test compared with established vestibular caloric test procedures
Authors: Schmäl Frank , Lübben Björn , Weiberg Kerstin , Stoll Wolfgang
Published: September 2021

Caloric testing of the vestibular labyrinth is usually performed by classical caloric test procedures (CCTP) using water warmed to 30°C and 44°C. Ice water irrigation (4°C) is usually not performed, although it might be useful as a bedside test. To verify the validity of the Minimal Ice Water Caloric Test (MIWCT), comparative video-oculographic investigations were performed in 22 healthy subjects using ice water (0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, 2 ml), CCTP, and cold air (27°C). Frequency, amplitude, slow phase velocity (SPV), the onset, and the duration of nystagmus were documented. After addition of three ice cubes, the temperature of conventional tap water (16°C) fell within 13 min to 4°C. In pessimum position the subjects demonstrated no nystagmus response. Compared to CCTP, MIWCT was associated with a significantly later onset of nystagmus and a significant prolongation of the nystagmus reaction. In contrast to air stimulation (27°C), a significant Spearman's correlation was noted between MIWCT (1 and 2 ml) and established CCTP in respect of essential nystagmus parameters (frequency, amplitude and SPV). Furthermore, MIWCT (0.5 and 1 ml) showed a higher sensitivity and specificity with regard to the detection of canal paresis based on Jongkees' formula compared to stimulation with air 27°C. Thus, MIWCT appears to be a suitable procedure for bedside investigation of vestibular function outside the vestibular laboratory, e.g. in a hospital ward, where bedridden patients with vertigo occasionally require vestibular testing.
Active head movements facilitate compensation for effects of prism displacement on dynamic gait12
Authors: Gottshall Kim R. , Hoffer Michael E. , Cohen Helen S. , Moore Robert J.
Published: September 2021

Study design: Four groups, between-subjects study. Objectives: To investigate the effects of exercise on adaptation of normal subjects who had been artificially spatially disoriented. Background: Many patients referred for rehabilitation experience sensory changes, due to age or disease processes, and these changes affect motor skill. The best way to train patients to adapt to these changes and to improve their sensorimotor skills is unclear. Using normal subjects, we tested the hypothesis that active, planned head movement is needed to adapt to modified visual input. Methods and measures: Eighty male and female subjects who had normal balance on computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) and the dynamic gait index (DGI), were randomly assigned to four groups. All groups donned diagonally shift lenses and were again assessed with CDP and DGI. The four groups were then treated for 20 min. Group 1 (control group) viewed a video, Group 2 performed exercise that involved translating the entire body through space, but without separate, volitional head movement, Group 3 performed exercises which all incorporated volitional, planned head rotations, and Group 4 performed exercises that involved translating the body (as in Group 2) and incorporated volitional, planned head motion (as in Group 3). All subjects were post-tested with CDP and DGI, lenses were removed, and subjects were retested again with CDP and DGI. Results: The groups did not differ significantly on CDP scores but Groups 3 and 4 had significantly better DGI scores than Groups 1 and 2. Conclusions: Active head movement that is specifically planned as part of the exercise is more effective than passive attention or head movements that are not consciously planned, for adapting to sensorimotor change when it incorporates active use of the changed sensory modality, in this case head motion.
Recovery of subjective visual horizontal after unilateral vestibular deafferentation by intratympanic instillation of gentamicin
Authors: Takai Yoshinari , Murofushi Toshihisa , Ushio Munetaka , Iwasaki Shinichi
Published: September 2021

The time course of the recovery of subjective visual horizontal (SVH) after unilateral vestibular deafferentation by intratympanic instillation of gentamicin was studied. Six patients who underwent intratympanic gentamicin instillation therapy for Meniere's disease (1 man and 5 women, 32 to 69 years of age) were enrolled in this study. For comparison, SVH in 23 healthy subjects (12 men and 11 woman, 23 to 48 years of age) was also measured. The mean ± SD of SVH in healthy subjects was 0.0 ± 1.1 deg. All of the 6 patients showed significantly deviated SVH toward the injected side-down at the early stage after the therapy. Although one patient showed recovery of SVH to the normal range 25 days after the injection, the other patients required more time for recovery. Three patients did not show recovery to the normal range after 1 year. On the other hand, spontaneous nystagmus observed using an infrared CCD camera in total dark disappeared after 35 days (median). Patients who had normal vestibular evoked myogenic potentials before the therapy showed a tendency of delay of recovery of SVH. The reasons why the recovery of SVH took longer than the disappearance of spontaneous nystagmus are discussed in this report.
Cognitive-vestibular interactions: A review of patient difficulties and possible mechanisms
Authors: Hanes Douglas A. , McCollum Gin
Published: September 2021

Cognitive deficits such as poor concentration and short-term memory loss are known by clinicians to occur frequently among patients with vestibular abnormalities. Although direct scientific study of such deficits has been limited, several types of investigations do lend weight to the existence of vestibular-cognitive effects. In this article we review a wide range of studies indicating a vestibular influence on the ability to perform certain cognitive functions. In addition to tests of vestibular patient abilities, these studies include dual-task studies of cognitive and balance functions, studies of vestibular contribution to spatial perception and memory, and works demonstrating a vestibular influence on oculomotor and motor coordination abilities that are involved in the performance of everyday cognitive tasks. A growing literature on the physiology of the vestibular system has demonstrated the existence of projections from the vestibular nuclei to the cerebral cortex. The goals of this review are to both raise awareness of the cognitive effects of vestibular disease and to focus scientific attention on aspects of cognitive-vestibular interactions indicated by a wide range of results in the literature.
Vestibular evoked myogenic potential threshold and seasickness susceptibility
Authors: Tal Dror , Hershkovitz Dov , Kaminski Gil , Bar Ronen
Published: September 2021

Numerous attempts have been made to find physiological parameters that might predict susceptibility to seasickness. However, to date, no physiological index has been found that can serve as a diagnostic tool for individual susceptibility to motion sickness at the personnel selection stage. A number of studies have demonstrated that linear acceleration in the vertical plane is the most provocative stimulus of motion sickness. The main physiological sensory modality responsible for monitoring vertical acceleration is the saccule. Over the last decade, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) have come to be recognized as a reliable procedure for the evaluation of saccular function. We used the VEMP test to assess otolith responses in 15 seasickness-susceptible (SS) and 15 non-seasickness-susceptible (NSS) healthy male crew members. The SS group exhibited a significantly higher VEMP threshold and a significantly lower peak-to-peak p13-n23 amplitude interval compared with the NSS group. Further analysis by logistic regression found threshold to be the dominant factor associated with seasickness susceptibility. The study demonstrated differences in the VEMP reflex of the SS and NSS groups. The threshold difference may represent an intrinsic mechanistic difference between the vestibular systems of the two groups. Theoretically, increased susceptibility to seasickness may be due to a discrepancy between the various neural systems as a result of reduced otolith responses.
COMPOSTING AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO REDUCE COMMON WASTE VOLUME IN HOSPITALS
Authors: Santos Gabrielle Diniz dos , Gomes Barbosa Filho Waldner
Published: September 2021

Composting is an alternative that has been used on a large scale as a tool for sustainability practices, being a form of recycling organic waste that avoids overloading waste in landfills. The process generates an organic compost that can be used to fertilize the soil in gardens and vegetable gardens. The present work aims to show that composting is a viable and safe procedure to use in hospitals. The methodology used was a qualitative bibliographic research, a literature review authors who are reference in the subject, using the databases of academic google and scielo. It is possible to state that the construction of a compost bin aims to dispose of organic waste from the hospital, in areas that do not pose a risk of contamination of this material by microorganisms that pose a risk to the environment or human beings, and should use organic waste from cafeterias and snack bars. These residues pass by the natural process of decomposition (nutrient cycling) so that the final product is an organic compound that can be used in hospital gardens and generate a lower cost for their maintenance, in addition to reducing the use of fertilizers that are potential environmental polluters. Another important factor is the decrease in the occurrence of insects, as they are naturally attracted to areas with the presence of organic matter. Thus, by separating these residues at the generation sites, and directing them to composters, results in a reduction in the occurrence of pests in the entire hospital area, and maintaining a safe environment for patients and employees. It can be concluded that the construction of a program for the reuse of food that is not consumed is important to improve the vision of sustainability in hospitals, making it possible to apply composting in different places, as part of waste management, reducing thus the environmental impact caused by these residues due to the generation and disposal of waste.
Keywords: Sustainability in hospitals. Organic Waste. Composters. Nutrient cycling.
DIGITALISASI BUKU SEKOLAH
Authors: Kurniawati Ika
Published: September 2021

Berbagai permasalahan terkait perbukuan nasional, mulai dari sering bergantinya buku pelajaran di sekolah, mahalnya harga buku sebagai akibat bahan baku kertas yang mahal, maraknya penjualan buku di sekolah yang menimbulkan berbagai kontroversi setidaknya beban biaya sekolah yang harus ditanggung orang tua menjadi cukup besar, serta keterbatasan layanan perpustakaan di sekolah menyebabkan pemerintah mengambil terobosan baru dengan mendigitalkan buku sekolah. Digitalisasi buku sekolah terkait juga dengan kemajuan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang memungkinkan publikasi berbagai informasi dalam bentuk elektronik tidak hanya cetak. Tujuan penulis membahas tema ini agar dapat memecahkan permasalahan bagi semua pihak baik itu pemerintah, masyarakat sebagai pengguna, serta pihak yang terlibat dalam industri perbukuan yang banyak mengalami dampak terkait digitalisasi buku khususnya buku sekolah seperti BSE. Terobosan pemerintah mendigitalkan buku sekolah melalui program BSE ternyata dapat menjadi alternatif solusi dalam memecahkan permasalahan buku pelajaran di sekolah. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan, BSE akan efisien kalau dicetak secara kolektif bukan pribadi. Implementasi program ini akan efisien dan efektif apabila didukung oleh berbagai pihak. Selain dukungan pemerintah, perlu ada dukungan dari masyarakat baik itu sebagai pengguna maupun masyarakat sebagai penyedia layanan pencetakan buku.
Aspectos relacionados ao luto perinatal
Authors: Carvalho Maria Victória Gomes , Santana Samara Dantas F. , Alexandria Junior Paulo de Tarso Moura
Published: September 2021

O luto perinatal é a perda de um filho no período gestacional, ou, após ele, em sua primeira semana de vida. O objetivo geral deste artigo é compreender de uma forma geral acerca do tema morte e luto, especificando a sua trajetória até a elaboração da perda perinatal, fazendo uma reflexão das estratégias que são utilizadas pelo profissional da área de Psicologia. Este trabalho baseia-se em uma pesquisa bibliográfica de cunho qualitativo, buscando coletar dados referentes ao tema pesquisado. Pretendemos com esse trabalho realizar o compartilhamento das informações adquiridas através das literaturas estudadas, bem como a importância da rede de apoio para o processo de ressignificação do luto.
ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЦИФРОВОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ БІЗНЕСУ
Authors: Зінюк Микола
Published: September 2021

Стаття присвячена розгляду питання цифрової трансформації в бізнесі, а саме показників її ефективності. З огляду на світові тенденції у цифровому напрямку це п є досить актуальним. Стаття дає змогу отримати конкретні показники, які, на думку автора, є актуальними на сьогоднішній день та в майбутньому повинні вдосконалюватись в паритеті з цифровою аджендою сучасного світу. Крім того, представлені фактори, які впливають на цифрову трансформацію, що є корисним під час відслідковування ефекту від провадження цифрових рішень у бізнес-процесах бізнесу. Кожен з представлених факторів залежить від специфіки досліджуваного бізнесу, адже галузь розвитку має досить сильний вплив на ці фактори. В подальшому, представлений матеріали необхідно адаптувати під окрему галузь виробництво. Проте, узагальнені показники та фактори із даної статті є потужним фундаментом в подальших дослідженнях.