bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Synergistic Beneficial Effect of Thyme Honey and Olive Oil against Diabetes and Its Complications Induced by Alloxan in Wistar Rats
Authors: Lafraxo Hajar , Bakour Meryem , Laaroussi Hassan , El Ghouizi Asmae , Ousaaid Driss , Aboulghazi Abderrazak , Lyoussi Badiaa
Published: September 2021

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by a chronic increase in blood glucose. Owing to the limitations observed with antidiabetics in modern medicine, medicinal plants and bee products are known as good matrices for the search for new antidiabetic molecules. The present study focused on the evaluation of the hypoglycemic and the protective properties of two natural products widely used in complementary and alternative medicine (thyme honey and olive oil). To achieve this, the study was carried out on Wistar rats rendered diabetic by the injection of a single dose of alloxan monohydrate (65 mg/kg body weight (BW)). First, the physicochemical characterization and the phytochemical analysis of thyme honey and olive oil were carried out, and then in vivo study was conducted on 42 Wistar rats divided into seven groups: three groups were normal, one group was untreated diabetic, and three groups were diabetic rats treated with thyme honey (2 g/kg BW) or olive oil (10 mL/kg BW) or their combination ((1 g/kg BW of thyme honey) and (5 mL/kg BW of olive oil)). During the experiment, the glycemia was measured regularly every 10 days. After 30 days of treatment, the rats were sacrificed. The serum and urine were analyzed to determine hepatic enzymes levels (AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH), lipidic profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein), and kidney parameters (urea, uric acid, creatinine, total protein, sodium, potassium, and chloride). The liver, pancreas, and kidneys were analyzed to evaluate their histological changes and to determine their enzymatic antioxidant content (catalase, GSH, and GPx) and the levels of MDA. The results obtained showed that thyme honey or olive oil, and especially their combination, improved significantly the blood glucose levels and they protect against metabolic changes and the complications induced by diabetes.
Experimental Investigation of Dry and Cryogenic Friction Stir Welding of AA7075 Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Praveen Raj Navukkarasan A. , Shanmuga Sundaram K. , Chandrasekhara Sastry C. , Muthu Manickam M. A.
Published: September 2021

An attempt has been made to investigate dry and cryogenic friction stir welding of AA 7075 aluminium alloy, which is predominantly availed in aerospace and defence component industries. These industries avail friction stir welding for joining two nonferrous materials, and minimal deviations and maximum strength are the preliminary and long time goal. A cryogenic friction stir welding setup was developed to conduct the joining of two aluminium alloy pipes. An increase of 0.76–42.93% and 3.79–31.24% in microhardness and tensile strength, respectively, is ascertained in cryogenic friction stir welding in correlation to dry friction stir welding of aluminium alloys. TOPSIS evaluation for the experimental run indicated tool profile stepped type, pipe rotation speed of 1000 rpm, welding speed of 50 mm/min, and axial force of 8 kN as close to unity ideal solution for dry and cryogenic friction stir welding of AA 7075 aluminium alloys. The friction stir‐welded component under the cryogenic environment showcased drop in temperature, curtailed surface roughness, and fine grain structure owing to reduction in temperature differential occurring at the weld zone. A curtailment of 50.84% is ascertained in the roughness value for cryogenic friction stir welding in correlation to dry friction stir welding of AA 7075 alloy. A decrement of 21.68% is observed in the grain size in the cryogenic condition with correlation to the dry FSW process, indicating a drop in the coarse structure. With the curtailment of grain size and drop in temperature differential, compressive residual factor and corrosion resistance attenuated by 40.14% and 67.17% in the cryogenic FSW process in correlation to the dry FSW process, respectively.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: The Emerging Cornerstone in Cholangiocarcinoma Therapy?
Authors: Gutiérrez-Larrañaga María , González-López Elena , Roa-Bautista Adriel , Rodrigues Pedro M. , Díaz-González Álvaro , Banales Jesus M. , López-Hoyos Marcos , Santos-Laso Alvaro , Crespo Javier
Published: September 2021

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) encompasses a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors with dismal prognosis and increasing incidence worldwide. Both late diagnosis due to the lack of early symptoms and the refractory nature of these tumors seriously compromise patients’ welfare and outcomes. Summary: During the last decade, immunotherapy and, more specifically, modulation of immune checkpoints-mediated signaling pathways have been under the spotlight in the field of oncology, emerging as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of several cancers, including CCA. Generally, high expression levels of immune checkpoints in patients with CCA have been associated with worse clinical outcomes, particularly with shorter overall survival and relapse-free survival. Thus, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which mainly constitute different monoclonal antibodies, have been developed in order to hamper the immune checkpoint-mediated pathways. Interestingly, chemotherapy may increase the expression of immune checkpoints, while other therapeutic approaches such as ablative and targeted therapies may enhance their antitumor activity. In this sense, several clinical trials evaluated the safety and efficacy of ICIs for CCA, both as a monotherapy and in combination with other ICIs or loco-regional and systemic therapies. Additionally, many other clinical trials are currently ongoing and results are eagerly awaited. Here, we summarize the key aspects of immune checkpoint molecules as prognostic factors and therapeutic targets in CCA, highlighting the most recent advances in the field and future research directions. Key Messages: (1) Effective therapeutic approaches for CCA are urgently needed. (2) Expression levels of immune checkpoints in patients with CCA have been proposed to be related with clinical outcomes. (3) Combination of different ICIs may outperform the efficacy of ICI monotherapy for CCA treatment. (4) Recent studies point toward the combination of ICIs and other common therapies, especially chemotherapy, as a promising strategy for treatment of CCA patients.
Deambulação e espacialidade em Paranoia (1963)
Authors: Gambardella Ana Luiza Rodrigues , Lancha Joubert , Castral Paulo Cesar
Published: September 2021

A deambulação enquanto prática estética é abordada, dentro do movimento surrealista, como forma de apreensão do espaço e evocação da beleza convulsiva. O presente artigo objetiva abordar o deambular por São Paulo, dos anos 1960, como elemento estruturante na construção do fotolivro Paranoia (1963) com poesias de Roberto Piva e fotografias de Wesley Duke Lee. Por meio de uma leitura estrutural dos vinte poemas inscritos no livro, objetiva-se verificar a possibilidade de mapear e analisar os caminhos adotados pelos artistas e concluir, qualitativamente, como se dá a construção do imaginário da cidade na obra.
escolas, Escolas: a presença da arquitetura nos espaços de formação
Authors: Nedel Miranda Zamberlan , Medeiros Givaldo Luiz
Published: September 2021

Com o objetivo de analisar o papel da arquitetura à formação, elegeu-se como objeto de estudo o edifício escolar e a relação entre arquitetura e educação no âmbito da produção arquitetônica das denominadas Escola Paulista e Escola do Porto. Amparada por pesquisas bibliográficas e iconográficas, a metodologia abrangeu entrevistas, visitas de campo, fotografias, diagramas e sessões de desenho com alunos, visando a uma ampla tradução da vivência real dos espaços e ao registro vivo dessa apreensão. Desdobra-se através do texto uma dupla acepção da noção de escola, enquanto recinto potencial das práticas pedagógicas e do desenvolvimento social, bem como laboratório privilegiado de ensaio, formulação e consolidação das duas Escolas de arquitetura.
Editorial
Authors: Silva Maria Madalena Ferreira Pinto da , Silva Vitor Manuel Oliveira da
Published: September 2021

Editorial número especial desenho 2021
Point of care ultrasound: a clinical decision support tool for COVID-19
Authors: Desai Suneel Ramesh , Wong Jolin , Suhitharan Thangavelautham , Chan Yew Weng , Ng Shin Yi
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 global pandemic has overwhelmed health services with large numbers of patients presenting to hospital, requiring immediate triage and diagnosis. Complications include acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocarditis, septic shock, and multiple organ failure. Point of care ultrasound is recommended for critical care triage and monitoring in COVID-19 by specialist critical care societies, however current guidance has mainly been published in webinar format, not a comprehensive review. Important limitations of point of care ultrasound include inter-rater variability and subjectivity in interpretation of imaging findings, as well as infection control concerns. A practical approach to clinical integration of point of care ultrasound findings in COVID-19 patients is presented to enhance consistency in critical care decision making, and relevant infection control guidelines and operator precautions are discussed, based on a narrative review of the literature.
Is the myonuclear domain ceiling hypothesis dead?
Authors: Aman Ferdos , El Khatib Eman , AlNeaimi Alanood , Mohamed Ahmed , Almulla Alya Sultan , Zaidan Amna , Alshafei Jana , Habbal Omar , Eldesouki Salma , Qaisar Rizwan
Published: September 2021

Muscle fibres are multinuclear cells, and the cytoplasmic territory where a single myonucleus controls transcriptional activity is called the myonuclear domain (MND). MND size shows flexibility during muscle hypertrophy. The MND ceiling hypothesis states that hypertrophy results in the expansion of MND size to an upper limit or MND ceiling, beyond which additional myonuclei via activation of satellite cells are required to support further growth. However, the debate about the MND ceiling hypothesis is far from settled, and various studies show conflicting results about the existence or otherwise of MND ceiling in hypertrophy. The aim of this review is to summarise the literature about the MND ceiling in various settings of hypertrophy and discuss the possible factors contributing to a discrepancy in the literature. We conclude by describing the physiological and clinical significance of the MND ceiling limit in the muscle adaptation process in various physiological and pathological conditions.
Ludwigia irregularis (Onagraceae) a rare new species from southern Brazil, and typification of the morphologically similar L. myrtifolia
Authors: FUNEZ LUÍS ADRIANO , FARIAS DAVID MOURA , DE GASPER ANDRÉ LUÍS , HASSEMER GUSTAVO
Published: September 2021

In this work, we describe a new species of Ludwigia from southern Brazil. We provide a detailed morphological account, field photographs and a distribution map. We also discuss the morphology and taxonomy of the new species in relation to morphologically similar species and assess its conservation status. Finally, we typify the name L. myrtifolia, which refers to the species morphologically most similar to the new species, and we discuss the distribution of this species.
Red Fluorescent Emissive Gd-Phenolic Nanoparticles for In Vivo Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance Bimodal Imaging
Authors: Xu Weibing , Zhang Jia , Zhao Minzhi , Yang Zhijie , Wu Qingfeng , Nian Fang
Published: September 2021

Due to the combination of the high resolution of fluorescence imaging and the no limitation in penetration depth of magnetic resonance imaging, dual-mode imaging of magnetic resonance and fluorescence (MR/FI) have attracted extensive research in recent years. Herein, a novel MR/FI bimodal
imaging probe is facile fabricated by attaching the rhodamine fluorophore covalently to the surface of the Gd-phenolic coordination polymer nanoparticles. The contents of Gd3+ and RB of the as prepared probe are calculated to be 8.2% and 12.5%. The quantum yield of the probe is
about 8.84% as well as red fluorescent emissive. The longitudinal r1 value is 6.94 mM−1 s−1 and the ratio r2/r1 is very low and about 1.22. Subsequently, the and MR imaging and fluorescence both in vitro and In Vivo are performed. The metabolic
pathways In Vivo are inferred by studying the bio-distribution of the probe in major organs. The as-prepared probe exhibits excellent imaging performance and biocompatibility, which is conducive to its further application.
Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Detection of miR-455-5p and Sphingosine-1 Phosphate Proteins in Cervical Carcinoma with the Help of Gold Nanoparticles-Based
Authors: Chen Xinping , Ruan Heqiu , Ma Zhichao , Hu Junjie , Xu Weihua , Yin Liyan , Fu Shengmiao
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to detect miR-455-5p and S1PR1 proteins using nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nano-PCR) to determine their correlation with cervical carcinoma prognosis. To achieve this study’s goals, we selected 48 cervical carcinoma patients between January
2014 to January 2016 and subjected them to the miR-455-5p test by nano-PCR. The collected samples were then divided into two groups based on miR-455-5p levels. We had four HeLa cell groups, one group as the control, and one group overexpressed the miR-455-5p protein. A third group was miR-455-5p
silent, and a separate group overexpressed both the miR-455-5p and S1PR1 proteins. Results also proved that the nano-PCR had a higher sensitivity than RT-PCR, and patients with poor prognosis had lesser miR-455-5p levels. Similarly, high levels of miR-455-5 contributed to cancer cell apoptosis
and migration inhibition by targeting S1PR1 expression negatively. These two biomarkers are therefore significantly related to the prognosis of cervical carcinoma patients.
Meridional Tripole Mode of Winter Precipitation over the Arctic and Continental North Africa–Eurasia
Authors: Liu Xiaolin , Lu Jianhua , Liu Yimin , Wu Guoxiong
Published: September 2021

Wintertime precipitation is vital to the growth of glaciers in the northern hemisphere. We find a tripole mode of precipitation (PTM), with each pole of the mode extending zonally over the eastern hemisphere roughly between 30°W and 120°E, and the positive/negative/positive structure for its positive phase extending meridionally from the Arctic to the continental North Africa–Eurasia. The large-scale dynamics associated with the PTM is explored. The positive phase of the PTM is associated with the negative while eastward-shifted phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and a zonal band of positive SST anomaly in the tropics, together with a narrowed Hadley cell and weakened Ferrel cell. While being north-eastward tilted and separated from their North Africa-Eurasia counterpart in the climatological mean, the upper-tropospheric westerly jets over the east Pacific and north Atlantic become extending zonally and shifting southward and hence form a circumpolar subtropical jet as a whole by connecting with the westerly jets over the North Africa-Eurasia. The enhanced zonal winds over the north Atlantic promote more synoptic-scale transient eddies which are waveguided by the jet streams. The polar vortex weakens and cold air dips southward from the North Pole. Further diagnosis of the E-vectors suggests that transient eddies have a positive feedback on the weakening of Ferrel cell. Opposite features are associated with the negative phase of the PTM. The reconstructed time series using multiple linear regression on the NAO index and the tropical SST averaged over 20°S– 20°N, can explain 62.4% of the variance of the original the original precipitation time series.
Intense interactions between ocean waves and currents observed in the Lofoten Maelstrom
Authors: Saetra Øyvind , Halsne Trygve , Carrasco Ana , Breivik Øyvind , Pedersen Torstein , Christensen Kai Håkon
Published: September 2021

The Lofoten Maelstrom has been known for centuries as one of the strongest open-ocean tidal currents in the world, estimated to reach 3 m s−1, and by some estimates as much as 5 m s−1. The strong current gives rise to choppy seas when waves enter the Moskenes Sound, making the area extremely difficult to navigate. Despite its reputation, few studies of its strength exist and no stationary in situ measurements for longer time periods have been made due to the challenging conditions. By deploying for the first time in situ wave and current instruments, we confirm some previous estimates of the strength of the current. We also show that its strength is strongly connected with wave breaking. From a consideration of specific forcing terms in the dynamical energy balance equation for waves on a variable current, we assess the impact of the underlying current using a convenient metric formulated as a function of the horizontal current gradients. We find that the horizontal gradients are a likely explanation for the observed enhanced wave breaking during strong currents at a rising tide.
Sexualized drug use and specialist service experience among MSM attending urban and rural sexual health clinics in England and Scotland
Authors: Kennedy Richard , Murira Jennifer , Foster Kirsty , Heinsbroek Ellen , Keane Frances , Pal Nisha , Chalmers Lynn , Sinka Katy
Published: September 2021

Background: To date, evidence on whether sexualized drug use (SDU) and chemsex occur less frequently in rural compared to urban areas in Britain has been conflicting. This study aimed to better measure and understand whether attending urban versus rural sexual health clinics in the United Kingdom was associated with a difference in men who have sex with men’s (MSM) experience of SDU or their access to SDU support. Methods: Men from 29 sexual health services across England and Scotland were recruited by self-completing a waiting room survey. Results: A total of 2655 men (864 MSM) took part. There was no statistically significant difference in recent SDU or chemsex identified in MSM attending rural compared to urban clinics. Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate/Gamma-Butyrolactone (GHB/GBL) was the most commonly reported chemsex drug used in a sexual setting, with equal prevalence of use in urban and rural MSM attendees. Distance travelled for SDU was not significantly different for rural compared to urban MSM. Rural MSM reported a higher rate of unmet need for SDU specific services, although this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Within this sample of MSM, there were no significant differences in sexualized drug use behaviours between those attending rural compared to urban sexual health settings.
Self-compassion and sleep quality: Examining the mediating role of taking a proactive health focus and cognitive emotional regulation strategies
Authors: Semenchuk Brittany N , Onchulenko Samantha , Strachan Shaelyn M
Published: September 2021

Sleep quality (SQ) impacts health yet many university students get poor sleep. Self-compassion (SC)—care for oneself during challenging times—is associated with SQ yet how SC has these effects is unclear. This study cross-sectionally examined whether SC is negatively related to poor SQ and whether proactive health focus and cognitive emotional regulation strategies (CERS) mediate this relationship. University students ( N = 193) self-reported SC, proactive health focus, CERS, and SQ. SC negatively associated with poor SQ ( r = −0.34) and self-blame mediated this ( b = 0.08, 95% CI [0.01, 0.16]). SC may improve SQ through reducing self-blame.
Fast Tomography: A greedy, heuristic, mesh size–independent methodology for local velocity reconstruction for AE waves in distance decaying environment in semi real-time
Authors: Das Avik Kumar , Leung Christopher KY
Published: September 2021

Tomographic reconstruction is an important step toward visualization, identification and quantification of local damage through of structural elements. We have developed mathematical guiding principles for passive wave tomography. We have then utilized these guiding principles to develop a novel technique: Fast Tomography for computational and information efficiency in tomographic reconstruction with passive stress waves in a distance decaying (sensing) environment. In fast tomography, (i) a node-independent travel path is developed for computational efficiency and (ii) Apriori ranking of AE events using power spectral entropy (PSE) of the AE waveform to distinguish waveforms with high information content for tomographic reconstruction for information efficiency are proposed. Fast Tomography was studied theoretically and experimentally to benchmark the proposed method in terms of computational and information efficiency. Our algorithm provides a significant (>100x) improvement of computational efficiency over an existing approach. And a PSE-based ranking system for AE events enhances information efficiency by 50% as compared to a non-ranked system. Finally, we have validated the application of our method with intractably generated AE events in an accelerated damage test of a steel fiber–reinforced concrete beam.
Spinomedullary Weston Hurst Syndrome After COVID-19 and Influenza Co-Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Hutto Spencer Kristian , Rapalino Otto , Venna Nagagopal
Published: September 2021

The neurological complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) have so far included a range of para- and post-infectious neuroinflammatory syndromes inclusive of all components of the neuraxis and peripheral neuromuscular system. In comparison to the para-infectious manifestations of anosmia, ageusia, encephalopathy, and encephalitis, cases of post-infectious ADEM have rarely been reported and have most commonly affected the supratentorial component with or without spinal cord involvement. In this report, we describe a case of isolated involvement of the cervicothoracic spinal cord and medulla, occurring in association with microhemorrhages and hemosiderin deposition in the medulla, that presented fulminantly and required aggressive immunotherapy to control the inflammatory attack. We compare and contrast this case against prior reports of acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (Weston Hurst syndrome) and review the atypical features of neuroinflammation reported to occur following COVID-19 infection.
Development and Validation of a Simplified Chinese Version and a Face-Scale Version of the Oxford Shoulder Score: A 2-Center Prospective Study
Authors: Xu Wu , Wu Kailun , Roche Stephen , Fu Weili , Huang Lixin , Held Michael F.G. , Guo Jiong Jiong
Published: September 2021

Background:

There has not yet been a pictorial version of a patient-reported outcome measure for shoulder pain.

Purpose:

To translate the English version of the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) to a simplified Chinese version (SC-OSS) and to validate a new face-scale version of the OSS (FS-OSS), while investigating cross-cultural adaptation, validation, and reproducibility of both versions in patients with shoulder pain.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the SC-OSS was performed using a forward-backward translation method. The FS-OSS was developed on the basis of the SC-OSS, using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale for reference. Participants were asked to complete the SC-OSS, FS-OSS, Simple Shoulder Test (SST), Constant-Murley score (CMS), and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Validation and reproducibility were tested by calculating Cronbach α values for internal consistency as well as by intraclass correlation coefficients. Time needed to complete the scores was used to test cross-cultural adaption.

Results:

A total of 312 respondents participated in the research and completed all outcome measures. The internal consistency was strong, with a Cronbach α of .94 and .91 for the FS-OSS and SC-OSS, respectively. High intraclass correlation coefficient values for the FS-OSS score (0.95) and SC-OSS (0.92) were obtained, which indicated excellent test-retest reliability. The Pearson correlation coefficients of the SC-OSS and FS-OSS with the SST ( r = 0.67 and 0.65, respectively), CMS ( r = 0.62 and 0.66, respectively), and SF-36 ( r = 0.52 and 0.57, respectively) indicated good construct validity. The time needed to complete the FS-OSS was less than that needed for the SC-OSS and SST.

Conclusion:

The FS-OSS and SC-OSS were validated as reliable instruments for patients with shoulder pain. For Chinese patients, the face-scale version was easier to understand than the cross-cultural text version.
Not All Time Is Money: Women’s Burden of Unpaid Work
Authors: Bhuta Aishwarya , Muralidharan Mridula
Published: September 2021

Since the 1990s, India has been witnessing a downward trend in female labour force participation (FLFP). Feminist economists have argued that the invisible labour of unpaid household work is quintessential for the social reproduction of the labour force. Time-use statistics can be useful for estimating the value of unpaid work and lead policy responses towards increasing FLFP. This study analyses the report on Time Use in India-2019 to draw insights from data on women’s disproportionate burden of unpaid domestic and caregiving services. It is argued that this has implications for their participation in the labour market. The patriarchal structure of the family pushes the onus of domestic labour on women. This confines them to home-based, poorly remunerated and informal work, or excludes them from the labour market. Interventions in the form of generating non-agricultural job opportunities in rural areas, establishing infrastructural support mechanisms in workplaces and encouraging female education and employment can not only stimulate FLFP but also help to address the crisis of jobless growth.
Counter-Hegemonic Visions of Self-Respect in a Novel: Ramamirthammal’s Challenge to Indian Nationalism
Authors: Sriharan Sitharthan
Published: September 2021

Periyar’s Self-Respect Movement challenged the ideological hegemony of the Indian Independence struggle by demanding that equality between sexes and eradicating caste be put on an equal footing with national liberation. The author analyses a chapter in a novel written by Muvalur Ramamirthammal, a reformer from a devadasi community, who joined the Self-Respect Movement and became an ardent abolitionist of the devadasi system. In a dialogue between an ex-devadasi, who is represented as a Self-Respect activist, and a Brahmin man with Indian nationalist views, the former devadasi highlights the Self-Respect Movement’s definition of modern citizenship based on the principles of self-respect and dignity of all beginning with women. The article concludes by discussing the novel's wider connection to the Self-Respect Movement and why further research on both respectively is crucial.
Utility of the High‐Sensitivity Modified Glasgow Prognostic Scores for Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Iuchi Hiroyuki , Ohori Junichiro , Ando Yumi , Tokushige Takeshi , Haraguchi Megumi , Yamashita Masaru
Published: September 2021

Objective

There is increasing evidence that the high‐sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic scores are inflammatory indices that can predict survival for many cancer types. However, there is limited information regarding their prognostic values in cases of head and neck cancer. This study aimed to evaluate whether the high‐sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic scores could predict outcomes among patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPC).

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

University hospital.

Methods

We reviewed the records of 106 patients with histologically confirmed OPC between March 2009 and June 2020. The high‐sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic scores were calculated as 0 (C‐reactive protein [CRP] concentration: ≤0.3 mg/dL), 1 (CRP concentration >0.3 mg/dL and albumin concentration ≥3.5 mg/dL), or 2 (CRP concentration >0.3 mg/dL and albumin concentration <3.5 mg/dL). Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed for overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS).

Results

Forty‐four of these patients had human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive OPC, and 62 had HPV‐negative OPC, and these populations were analyzed separately. The high‐sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic score was significantly associated with age, performance status, and HPV. On univariate analysis, high‐sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic score showed associations with OS and DFS in both subpopulations. Moreover, on multivariable analysis, the high‐sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic score showed associations with OS and DFS in both subpopulations. Poor performance status predicted OS in both subpopulations.

Conclusion

We conclude that the high‐sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic score is useful as an independent prognostic factor in OPC.
Runs of homozygosity analysis reveals consensus homozygous regions affecting production traits in Chinese Simmental beef cattle
Authors: Zhao Guoyao , Liu Yuqiang , Niu Qunhao , Zheng Xu , Zhang Tianliu , Wang Zezhao , Xu Lei , Zhu Bo , Gao Xue , Zhang Lupei , Gao Huijiang , Li Junya , Xu Lingyang
Published: September 2021

Background

Genomic regions with a high frequency of runs of homozygosity (ROH) are related to important traits in farm animals. We carried out a comprehensive analysis of ROH and evaluated their association with production traits using the BovineHD (770 K) SNP array in Chinese Simmental beef cattle.

Results

We detected a total of 116,953 homozygous segments with 2.47Gb across the genome in the studied population. The average number of ROH per individual was 99.03 and the average length was 117.29 Mb. Notably, we detected 42 regions with a frequency of more than 0.2. We obtained 17 candidate genes related to body size, meat quality, and reproductive traits. Furthermore, using Fisher’s exact test, we found 101 regions were associated with production traits by comparing high groups with low groups in terms of production traits. Of those, we identified several significant regions for production traits (P < 0.05) by association analysis, within which candidate genes including ECT2, GABRA4, and GABRB1 have been previously reported for those traits in beef cattle.

Conclusions

Our study explored ROH patterns and their potential associations with production traits in beef cattle. These results may help to better understand the association between production traits and genome homozygosity and offer valuable insights into managing inbreeding by designing reasonable breeding programs in farm animals.
What non-clinical factors influence the general dentist–specialist relationship in Canada?
Authors: Kaur Harpinder , Singhal Sonica , Glogauer Michael , Azarpazhooh Amir , Quiñonez Carlos
Published: September 2021

Background

The general dentist–specialist relationship is important for effective patient care and the professional environment. This study explores the non-clinical factors that may influence the general dentist–specialist relationship in Canada.

Methods

A cross-sectional web-based survey of a sample of general dentists across Canada was conducted (N ≈ 11,300). The survey collected information on practitioner (e.g., age, gender, years of practice) and practice (e.g., location, ownership) factors. Two outcomes were assessed: not perceiving specialists as completely collegial and perceiving competitive pressure from specialists. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted.

Results

A total of 1328 general dentists responded, yielding a response rate of 11.7%. The strongest associations for perceiving specialists as not completely collegial include being a practice owner (OR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.23, 3.74), working in two or more practices (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.07, 2.65), practicing in a small population center (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.22, 0.94), and contributing equally to the household income (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.26, 0.84). The strongest associations with perceiving medium/large competitive pressure from specialists include having a general practice residency or advanced education in general dentistry (OR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.17, 3.41) and having specialists in close proximity to the practice (OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.12, 5.69).

Conclusion

Practitioner and practice factors, mostly related to business and dental care market dynamics, are associated with the potential for strained relationships between general dentists and specialists in Canada. This study points to the need for dental professional organizations to openly discuss the current state of the dental care market, as it has important implications for the profession.
Challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic by family carers of people living with dementia towards the end of life
Authors: Aker Narin , West Emily , Davies Nathan , Moore Kirsten J. , Sampson Elizabeth L. , Nair Pushpa , Kupeli Nuriye
Published: September 2021

Background

People living with dementia account for a large proportion of deaths due to COVID-19. Family carers are faced with making significant and emotive decisions during the pandemic, including decisions about end of life. We aimed to explore the challenges faced by family carers of people living with dementia during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England, as reported by charity telephone support line staff, who were able to objectively discuss a range of different experiences of many different carers who call the helpline. In particular, we focussed on key concerns and areas of decision making at the end of life.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with eight telephone support line staff from two UK based charities who support carers of people living with dementia and those at the end of life. Interviews were conducted in the first wave of the pandemic in England in May–June 2020.

Results

An overarching theme of uncertainty and reactivity during a crisis was identified, and within this, five main themes were identified: concerns about care transitions, uncertainty in engaging support and help, pandemic-motivated care planning, maintaining the wellbeing of the person living with dementia, and trust, loss of agency and confusion.

Conclusions

Family carers may be reluctant to seek support because of fear of what may happen to their relative, which may include hospitalisation and becoming ill with COVID-19, care home placement, or not being able to be with a relative at the end of life. In some cases, a lack of trust has developed, and instead carers are seeking support from alternative services they trust such as nationally known charities.This study was used to inform the development of a decision aid to support family carers making decisions about care for their relative with dementia during the pandemic, who the lack the capacity to make their own decisions.
Effects of an 8-week aerobic exercise program on plasma markers for cholesterol absorption and synthesis in older overweight and obese men
Authors: Mashnafi S. , Plat J. , Mensink R. P. , Joris P. J. , Kleinloog J. P. D. , Baumgartner S.
Published: September 2021

Background

Increased physical activity is inversely related to the risk to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD). In a recent systematic review, it was reported that CVD patients had an increased cholesterol absorption and a decreased synthesis as compared with control participants. As increased physical activity levels reduce CVD risk, we hypothesized that exercise training will reduce cholesterol absorption and increase endogenous cholesterol synthesis in older overweight and obese men.

Methods

A randomized, controlled, crossover trial was performed. Seventeen apparently healthy older overweight and obese men were randomized to start with an aerobic exercise or no-exercise control period for 8 weeks, separated by 12 weeks washout. Fasting serum total cholesterol (TC) and non-cholesterol sterol concentrations were measured at baseline, and after 4 and 8 weeks.

Results

The aerobic exercise program did not affect serum TC concentrations. In addition, exercise did not affect TC-standardized serum concentrations of sitosterol and cholestanol that are markers for cholesterol absorption. However, a trend for reduced TC-standardized campesterol concentrations, which is another validated marker for cholesterol absorption, was observed as compared with control. Lathosterol concentrations, reflecting cholesterol synthesis, did not differ between both periods.

Conclusions

Aerobic exercise training for 8 weeks did not lower serum TC concentrations in older overweight and obese men, but a trend towards a decrease in the cholesterol absorption marker campesterol was found. The cholesterol synthesis marker lathosterol did not change.

Trial registration

posted on www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03272061 on 7 September 2017.
Comparison of microbiota in the upper versus lower respiratory tract in children during health and respiratory disease: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Rao Richa , Dsouza Jeanne M. , Mathew Joseph L.
Published: September 2021

Background

The upper respiratory tract of children is colonized by various microbial species during the healthy state, whereas the lungs are believed to be sterile. In children with respiratory infections, micro-organisms can be recovered from the upper respiratory sites, as well as the lungs. However, the correlation of microbial yield between the two sites is unclear. This systematic review is designed to explore the microbial composition of the respiratory system in healthy children, comparing the organisms identified in the upper airways versus the lungs. We will also compare the prevalence and pattern of upper respiratory micro-organisms in healthy children versus those with various respiratory diseases. We will additionally compare the organisms identified in the upper airway versus the lungs in children with respiratory disease.

Methods

We will search the following electronic databases: Epistemonikos and Cochrane Library for systematic reviews and MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, LIVIVO, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL databases for primary studies. Reference lists of relevant studies will be examined for links to potential related articles. Two reviewers will independently determine eligibility for inclusion. The methodological quality and risk of bias of the included observational studies will be scored using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale tool, and JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for case series. We will present the data with descriptive statistics and provide pooled estimates of outcomes, wherever it is feasible to perform a meta-analysis. Heterogeneity in studies will be explored by using the Higgins and Thompson I2 method. Sensitivity analysis will be done to explore the impact of study quality, and subgroup analysis will be done based on age, health condition, type of respiratory specimen, and method of identifying organisms. We will prepare a summary of findings’ table and assess the confidence in the evidence using the GRADE methodology.

Results

This is a protocol; hence, there are no results at this stage.

Discussion

The proposed systematic review will provide comparisons of the microbiota in the upper respiratory tract versus the lungs, in children, during health as well as respiratory disease. Similarly, the site-specific yield will be compared between healthy children and those with respiratory disease. This will provide clinicians, microbiologists, and respiratory therapists a better understanding of the respiratory system microbiota, suitability (or otherwise) of upper airway specimens in various respiratory diseases, and the potential role of upper airway colonization on specific respiratory diseases. We will disseminate the review through a peer-reviewed journal publication. Data that cannot be included in the published version will be made available on request.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42020202115.
Multi-omics reveals the positive leverage of plant secondary metabolites on the gut microbiota in a non-model mammal
Authors: Wang Le , Huang Guangping , Hou Rong , Qi Dunwu , Wu Qi , Nie Yonggang , Zuo Zhenqiang , Ma Rui , Zhou Wenliang , Ma Yingjie , Hu Yibo , Yang Zhisong , Yan Li , Wei Fuwen
Published: September 2021

Background

Flavonoids are important plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) that have been widely used for their health-promoting effects. However, little is known about overall flavonoid metabolism and the interactive effects between flavonoids and the gut microbiota. The flavonoid-rich bamboo and the giant panda provide an ideal system to bridge this gap.

Results

Here, integrating metabolomic and metagenomic approaches, and in vitro culture experiment, we identified 97 flavonoids in bamboo and most of them have not been identified previously; the utilization of more than 70% flavonoid monomers was attributed to gut microbiota; the variation of flavonoid in bamboo leaves and shoots shaped the seasonal microbial fluctuation. The greater the flavonoid content in the diet was, the lower microbial diversity and virulence factor, but the more cellulose-degrading species.

Conclusions

Our study shows an unprecedented landscape of beneficial PSMs in a non-model mammal and reveals that PSMs remodel the gut microbiota conferring host adaptation to diet transition in an ecological context, providing a novel insight into host-microbe interaction.
Ablation of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias originating from basal cardiac crux region
Authors: Khmao Pichmanil , Hwang Chun , Pak Hui-Nam
Published: September 2021

Background

Ablation of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in the cardiac crux region is one of the challenging procedures due to the complex anatomical structure where the four chambers of the heart are offset. Although this region is complex, the contiguous cardiac structures allow for the ablation of arrhythmias from adjacent sites.

Case presentation

We present different anatomical approaches in radiofrequency ablation and the ECG characteristics from a case series of VAs originated from the basal inferior ventricular septum, the corresponding endocardial aspect of the basal cardiac crux region.

Conclusions

Ablation of VAs originated from the basal cardiac crux region requires detailed mapping in the proximal coronary venous system and the adjacent structures including the RV, RA, and LV. In addition to the characteristic ECG of basal crux VAs, our three cases present an abrupt precordial transition in V2 with R wave amplitude greater than in V1 and V3.
Lifestyle and oxidative stress status in infertile women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Kasililika Anna Gideon , Odukogbe Akin-Tunde Ademola , Dairo Magbagbeola David , Balandya Belinda Stella , Bunuma Emmanuel Kulwa
Published: September 2021

Background

Female infertility is a public health problem, contributing to 65.9% of infertility in Tanzania. Lifestyle and oxidative stress (OS) have been suggested to affect female fertility; however, there are limited and controversial reports. This study aimed to determine the lifestyle and OS status of fertile and infertile women and relate lifestyle and OS to female infertility. The study was conducted among randomly selected 48 fertile and 48 infertile women aged 15–49 years attending a gynaecological clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital. Lifestyle information was collected using a proforma, and a sandwich ELISA method was used to analyse OS biomarkers (malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity). Chi-square, independentttest and correlation coefficient were used for data analysis atp< 0.05.

Results

Infertile women were significantly older (33.4 versus 30.3 years,p= 0.03), got married at later ages (25.0 versus 22.8 years,p= 0.02), were in employment (62.5% versus 29.2%,p= 0.001), had attained university degree (56.3% versus 27.1%,p= 0.004) and were more obese, more likely to consume alcoholic drinks (p= 0.02) and less likely to use supplements (p= 0.000) than fertile women. Infertile women had statistically significant higher malondialdehyde (p= 0.000) and lower total antioxidant capacity levels (p= 0.000) than fertile women. The total antioxidant capacity level had a statistically significant negative correlation with alcohol consumption (r= −0.27,p= 0.008) and obesity (r= −0.32,p= 0.002) and a positive correlation with supplement use (r= 0.24,p= 0.02). Also, malondialdehyde level had a statistically significant positive correlation with alcohol consumption (r= 0.31,p= 0.002) and obesity (r= 0.28,p= 0.007).

Conclusions

The differences in socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle and oxidative stress between fertile and infertile women may account for difficulties in achieving pregnancy among infertile women in Tanzania. Lifestyle factors significantly affect oxidative stress. Health education on appropriate lifestyles that support female fertility and emphasis on supplement use during the preconception period may be beneficial in the management of female infertility.
Status of Palliative Oncology Care for Children and Young People in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Perspective Paper on Priorities for New Frontiers
Authors: Namisango Eve , Bhakta Nickhill , Wolfe Joanne , McNeil Michael J. , Powell Richard A. , Kibudde Solomon , Luyirika Emmanuel B. K. , Mulema Vivienne , Feudtner Chris , Baker Justin N.
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE

The burden of cancer disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries. Low 5-year survival figures for children with cancer in low-income countries are due to late presentation at diagnosis, treatment abandonment, absence of sophisticated multidisciplinary care, and lack of adequate resources. The reasons for late presentation are partly due to limited awareness of cancer symptoms, high treatment costs, and facility-level barriers to timely access to treatment. Given the systemic challenges, the regional need for palliative oncology care for children care is high. Despite the enormity of the need for palliative oncology for children with cancer in Africa, its level of development remains poor. This paper presents the evidence on the status of palliative oncology care for children in sub-Saharan Africa.

METHODS

This review provides an overview of the current status of palliative oncology care for children in sub-Saharan Africa, using the WHO building blocks for health systems strengthening as reference points, before proposing a forward-looking prioritized agenda for its development.

RESULTS

We noted that survival rates for children with cancer remain much poorer in Africa compared with developed countries and palliative oncology care resources are scant. Our results also show low coverage for palliative oncology care services for children, lack of a critical mass of health workers with the skills to deliver the care, a lack of robust documentation of the burden of cancer, widespread lack of access to essential controlled medicines, limited funding from government and limited coverage for palliative oncology care in most cancer control plans.

CONCLUSION

This review highlights priority areas for action that align to the WHO health system building blocks for strengthening health systems.