bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic features and analysis of genes supporting probiotic action unravel underlying perspectives of Bacillus velezensis VTX9 as a potential feed additive for swine
Authors: Quach Ngoc Tung , Vu Thi Hanh Nguyen , Nguyen Ngoc Anh , Nguyen Van The , Bui Thi Lien , Ky Son Chu , Le Tung Lam , Hoang Ha , Ngo Cao Cuong , Le Thanh Thi Minh , Nguyen Trung Nam , Chu Hoang Ha , Phi Quyet Tien
Published: September 2021

Purpose

To date, a total of 13 probiotic Bacillus species are considered as a Generally Recognized as Safe organism (GRAS) approved by the US Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA), which are used for food and feed additives. However, Bacillus velezensis is not considered as a probiotic candidate in swine farming due to a lack of genetic basis of probiotic action-related traits. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to exploit the genetic basis underlying the probiotic traits of B. velezensis VTX9.

Methods

The genome sequencing of B. velezensis VTX9 was performed on a PacBio Sequel platform. The probiotic properties including biosafety, antioxidative capacity, and riboflavin and exopolysaccharide production were evaluated by using genotypic and phenotypic analysis. The secondary metabolite potentials were also predicted.

Results

Strain VTX9 isolated from swine feces proved some probiotic properties including resistance to 3 mM H2O2, 0.6 mM bile salt, low pH, and antipathogenic activity. The complete genome of B. velezensis VTX9 consists of a 3,985,800 bp chromosome that housed 3736 protein-coding genes and 5 plasmids with the size ranging from 7261 to 20,007 bp. Genome analysis revealed no functional genes encoding enterotoxins and transferable antibiotic resistance, which confirmed the safety of VTX9. A total of 82 genes involved in gastrointestinal stress tolerance were predicted, which has not been reported previously. The maximum production of riboflavin reached 769 ± 7.5 ng/ml in LB medium after 72 h, which was in agreement with the complete de novo riboflavin biosynthetic pathway exploited for the first time in the B. velezensis genome. Antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria was attributed to 10 secondary metabolites clusters. The presence of a large gene cluster involved in biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides underscored further the adhesion and biofilm-forming capabilities of VTX9 in swine intestines.

Conclusion

Our results revealed for the first time that B. velezensis VTX9 has the potential to be a probiotic candidate. The information provided here on the genome of B. velezensis VTX9 opens new opportunities for using B. velezensis as a feed additive for swine farming in the future.
The extract of black cumin, licorice, anise, and black tea alleviates OVA-induced allergic rhinitis in mouse via balancing activity of helper T cells in lung
Authors: Liao Chengsong , Han Yangyang , Chen Zhijing , Baigude Huricha
Published: September 2021

Background

A formulation of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) and tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) (denoted BLAB tea) is traditionally used to relief allergy reaction including allergic rhinitis. However, little is known about its underlining mechanism of anti-allergic effects.

Methods

To investigate the anti-allergenic mechanism of BLAB tea, we treated ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) model of mice with BLAB tea, and elucidated its possible mechanism of action. Mice in the control group were treated with phosphate-buffered saline only. Subsequently, the infiltration of different inflammatory cells was measured. In addition, histopathological changes in the nasal mucosa, and the levels of allergen-specific cytokines and OVA-specific immunoglobulins were measured.

Results

The aqueous extract of BLAB significantly alleviated the nasal symptoms and reduced the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the nasal mucosa and nasal lavage fluid of AR model of mice.

Conclusion

The aqueous extract of BLAB induced the production of Th1 and Treg cytokines and inhibited the release of Th2 cytokines and histamine in nasal mucosa and serum of mice while decreasing the serum levels of OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a. These results suggest the potential of the aqueous extract of BLAB as a treatment option for allergic diseases.
A protocol for a systematic literature review of economic evaluation studies of interventions to address antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Ananthakrishnan Aparna , Painter Chris , Teerawattananon Yot
Published: September 2021

Background

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is accelerated by the widespread and often indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in humans, animals, and the environment. In 2015, the World Health Organization recognised AMR as one of the top ten global health threats, due to its potential to neutralise humanity’s advancements in western medicine by enabling the emergence of new strains of existing pathogens, many of which have no available treatments. Over the past decade, several countries, including those in low- and middle-income contexts, have started implementing interventions to tackle AMR. However, economic evidence regarding the cost-effectiveness of these interventions remains weak. To address this evidence gap, we will conduct a systematic literature review to provide a comprehensive summary on the value for money of different AMR interventions.

Methods

We aim to conduct a systematic literature review of all available economic evaluations on interventions addressing AMR and will provide a narrative synthesis of our findings. Systematic searches for relevant studies will be performed across all suitable databases as well as in grey literature sources such as unpublished studies, reports, and other relevant documents. All economic evaluation studies will be included as long as they report an economic outcome and have stated that the analysed intervention will reduce antimicrobial resistance or antimicrobial use in the abstract. Those studies reporting clinical endpoints alone will be excluded. Selection for final inclusion and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers.

Discussion

The review will be one of the first of its kind, and the most recent, to systematically review literature on the cost-effectiveness of AMR interventions, an important evidence gap in the economics of AMR. The findings will enable policy and decision-makers, particularly in resource-constrained settings, to better use available resources when selecting interventions to address AMR burdens,

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42020190310
Meta-analysis of the association between angiotensin pathway inhibitors and COVID-19 severity and mortality
Authors: Fernando Malindu E. , Drovandi Aaron , Golledge Jonathan
Published: September 2021

Background

Conflicting findings and the analysis of unpublished and retracted data have led to controversy on the safety of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in people with COVID-19 infection. This meta-analysis examined the association of prescription of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) with the outcome from COVID-19.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted to find published studies that reported the outcome of COVID-19 in relation to prescription of ACEI or ARB. Two authors (MF and AD) independently screened and extracted data and assessed study quality and strength of association using standardised tools. The endpoints for the meta-analyses were severe or critical disease outcome and mortality based on standardised criteria.

Results

Twenty-six studies including 8389 people prescribed ACEI or ARB and 20,989 people not prescribed these medications were included. The quality of studies varied, and the overall strength of association was poor with a high risk of confounding bias. Patients prescribed ACEI or ARB had a greater prevalence of risk factors. Meta-analysis found an association between prescription of ACEI or ARB with severe or critical disease outcome (risk ratio, RR, 1.23, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.06 to 1.42, p = 0.006, I2 = 88%) but this association was lost in sensitivity analyses. There was no association between ACEI or ARB prescription and mortality (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.50, p = 0.19, I2 = 82%).

Conclusions

This meta-analysis suggests that people prescribed ACEI or ARB more commonly had severe or critical disease outcome, but not mortality, in published cohorts of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. This finding is most likely due to a greater prevalence of risk factors in these patients rather than due to exposure to angiotensin pathway inhibitors.
Crop–livestock diversification in the mixed farming systems: implication on food security in Northern Ghana
Authors: Danso-Abbeam Gideon , Dagunga Gilbert , Ehiakpor Dennis Sedem , Ogundeji Abiodun A. , Setsoafia Edinam Dope , Awuni Joseph A.
Published: September 2021

Background

Achieving food security is a global priority and a concern for most African countries, including Ghana. Food systems providing varied and healthy diets without compromising the natural resource base, such as integrated crop–livestock diversification, are important for development planning and policy. Using cross-sectional data obtained from 1284 smallholder households in northern Ghana, we used a double-censored Tobit model in a conditional mixed-process (CMP) framework to estimate the impact of crop diversification on household food security.

Results

The results showed that household-specific, socioeconomic, and institutional factors influence crop–livestock diversification and food security in northern Ghana. Moreover, we found that higher intensity of crop–livestock diversification translates into a greater probability of achieving food security.

Conclusions

Crop–livestock diversification is essential to Ghana’s pursuit of the zero-hunger global agenda as it enhances food security without adversely affecting biodiversity and ecosystem health. Therefore, it should be incorporated into Ghana’s ongoing agricultural programme dubbed, planting and rearing for food and jobs.
Reflectance transformation imaging for documenting changes through treatment of Joseon dynasty coins
Authors: Min Jihyun , Jeong Sanghoon , Park Kangwoo , Choi Yeonghwan , Lee Daewon , Ahn Jaehong , Har Donghwan , Ahn Sangdoo
Published: September 2021

We present reflectance transformation imaging (RTI) as a documentation tool for visualizing and recording the treatment of coins. RTI—a computational photograph technique that calculates light positions—allows interactive relighting for vision. Virtual light enhances surface details for examining morphological difference. By applying Dome RTI method, stages of conservation treatment were recorded to enhance the overall characteristic features of the relief upon the coin surface, and then detect and identify weathered characters. Patina removal and consolidation were documented along with the original state; a significant difference in the coin’s surface was observed using different filters of the RTI viewer. Specular enhancement and normal visualization results were most effective for detecting the change in morphology and reflectivity. Microscopic RTI was applied to visualized minimal changes of characters between treatment stages. Character “常” of coin 1 showed changes in the cleaning of dirt and removal of alumina powder. The character “元” of coin 3, originally covered by a thick patina, revealed clear strokes using virtual relighting through RTI. These documentation images indicate that RTI is a promising tool to support manual recording of conservation stages and, furthermore, allow detection of areas difficult to visualize through the human eye.
Abundance of insects and aerial insectivorous birds in relation to pesticide and fertilizer use
Authors: Møller Anders Pape , Czeszczewik Dorota , Flensted-Jensen Einar , Erritzøe Johannes , Krams Indrikis , Laursen Karsten , Liang Wei , Walankiewicz Wiesław
Published: September 2021

Background

The abundance of insects has decreased considerably during recent decades, resulting in current abundance showing 70–80% reductions in more than 15 studies across temperate climate zones. Dramatic reductions in the abundance of insects are likely to have consequences for other taxa at higher trophic levels such as predators and parasites. Pesticides, fertilizers and agricultural land use are likely candidates accounting for such reductions in the abundance of insects.

Methods

Here we surveyed the abundance of flying insects, and the reduction in the abundance of insects as a consequence of intensive reduction in agricultural practice linked to fertilizer use and pesticide use. Finally we demonstrated consistency in abundance of birds among study sites.

Results

We demonstrated that the use of fertilizers and pesticides had reduced the abundance of insects, with consequences for the abundance of insectivorous bird species such as Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica), House Martins (Delichon urbicum) and Swifts (Apus apus). Juvenile Barn Swallows were negatively affected by the reduced abundance of insects and hence the reproductive success of insectivorous bird species. These effects imply that the abundance of insects could be reduced by the availability of insect food.

Conclusions

These effects of intensive agriculture on insect food abundance are likely to have negative impacts on populations of insects and their avian predators. This hypothesis was validated by a reduction in the abundance of insects, linked to an increase in the abundance of fertilizers and a general change in farming practice.
Effects of intravenous tranexamic acid on ovarian reserve and intra-operative blood loss during laparoscopic cystectomy of endometriotic cyst: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Akkaranurakkul Prangthip , Lertvikool Srithean , Hongsakorn Woradej , Vallibhakara Orawin , Tantanavipas Siriluk , Paiwattananupant Krissada , Ittichaikulthol Wichai , Vongsakulyanon Apirom , Vallibhakara Sakda Arj-Ong , Anantaburana Makaramas , Sophonsritsuk Areepan
Published: September 2021

Background

Strategies to preserve ovarian function after ovarian endometriotic cyst removal have been reported in many studies; however, no study has evaluated tranexamic acid administration during surgery.

Objective

To evaluate feasibility of conducting a definitive trial and assessing the potential efficacy of tranexamic acid on ovarian reserve and intra-operative blood loss by comparing mean differences in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels following laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy between tranexamic acid and control groups.

Materials and methods

A parallel two-arm pilot trial was conducted with 40 participants with endometriotic cysts who underwent laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy. They were randomized 1:1 to either 1 g tranexamic acid (TXA) or no TXA (n = 20 per group). TXA was administered to the participants immediately after induction of general anesthesia and intubation. The primary outcome was the feasibility of conducting a definitive trial in terms of design and procedures (such as recruitment rate, retention, safety of intravenous 1 gm of TXA, sample size verification) and assess the efficacy of TXA on the ovarian reserve and intra-operative blood loss by comparing mean difference of AMH levels between TXA and control groups at pre- and 3 months post-surgery.

Results

The recruitment and successful completion rates were 95% and 100%. Baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. The mean difference of serum AMH levels (pre- and 3 months post-surgery) between the TXA and control groups was not significantly different. When performing a subgroup analysis, the mean difference of AMH levels (pre- and 3 months post-surgery) seemed to be higher in the bilateral than in the unilateral ovarian cyst group but not significantly different. Operating time was significantly longer in bilateral than in unilateral cysts. No post-operative complications or adverse effects were found.

Conclusion

The full randomized controlled trial for evaluating effects of TXA administration during laparoscopic cystectomy for endometrioma on ovarian reserve was shown to be feasible. Several modifications should be added for improving feasibility, for example, increasing the TXA dose, modifying TXA administration, focusing on either patients with unilateral or bilateral ovarian cysts, and exploring other outcome measures, e.g., surgeons’ satisfaction.

Trial registration

Thai Clinical Trials Registry, TCTR20190424002, Registered 24 April 2019.
Patients’ satisfaction with long-acting injectable somatostatin analog therapy for neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Darden Christina , Price Mark , Ray David , Goldstein Grace , Goss Diana , Bennett Lee , Garbinsky Diana , Thota Ramya
Published: September 2021

Background

Long-acting somatostatin analogs (LA SSAs) are approved and recommended for the treatment of patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Given the long duration of therapy and differences in administration routes, it is important to understand patients’ experiences with receiving LA SSA injections.

Methods

We conducted a serial survey, informed by qualitative interviews with eight patients treated with LA SSAs and two nurses who administer LA SSA injections, among patients undergoing LA SSA treatment over a 28-day period (administered at baseline and 14 days and 28 days after injection). Eligible patients, recruited by the Carcinoid Cancer Foundation, self-reported having received an LA SSA injection for physician-diagnosed NET within the 5 days before the survey.

Results

202 patients completed the survey at baseline (82 receiving lanreotide and 120 receiving octreotide), 148 at day 14, and 124 at day 28. Patients reported consistently high satisfaction levels with their most recent LA SSA injection (91.1% at baseline, 85.1% at day 14, and 85.5% at day 28); 68.8% reported that their injection experience differed based on the nursing staff administering the injection.

Conclusions

Satisfaction with LA SSA injections is high among patients in this population, and specific experiences with LA SSA injections varied based on the nursing staff administering the injection. Evaluations of patients’ experiences and satisfaction with treatment are increasingly important as patients take more active roles in decision-making for their treatment pathways.
The relationship between cannabis use and IVF outcome—a cohort study
Authors: Har-Gil Eden , Heled Ayala , Dixon Marjorie , Ahamed Abdul Munaf Sultan , Bentov Yaakov
Published: September 2021

Background

The effects of cannabis use on male and female reproduction have been the focus of scientific research for decades. Although initial studies raised concerns, more recent studies were reassuring. Considering the recent legalization of recreational use of cannabis in Canada, we sought to analyze IVF outcomes among users and non-users in a single IVF center.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study from a single IVF center assessing IVF outcomes among male-female, non-donor IVF patients that are either cannabis users or non-users. We analyzed the ongoing pregnancy rate as well as oocyte yield, fertilization rate, peak serum estradiol, sperm, and embryo quality. We used the Mann-Whitney test, chi-square test, and Kruskal-Wallis tests where appropriate.

Results

Overall, the study included 722 patients of which 68 (9.4%) were cannabis users, most defined as light users. The results of the study show similar implantation rate (40.74% vs. 41.13%) and ongoing pregnancy rate (35.2% vs. 29.1%) between the users and non-users, respectively. No significant difference between users and non-users in any of the other analyzed outcomes could be detected.

Conclusions

The results may provide some reassurance for the lack of any demonstrable detrimental effects of cannabis consumption on IVF outcomes. This study was limited by its retrospective nature, self-reporting of cannabis use, and a small user sample size. A larger prospective study is needed to validate its findings.
An assessment framework for safeguarding public values on mobility platforms
Authors: Riemens Rianne , Nast Carolin , Pelzer Peter , van den Hurk Martijn
Published: September 2021

Urbanites increasingly turn to digital mobility platforms to make use of means of transportation and to plan and book journeys. While these platforms can contribute to making urban travel more sustainable and efficient, they can also lead to governance challenges and have negative external effects, raising questions about how public values can best be safeguarded. In this article, public values are defined as normative concepts that describe both the impact on and democratic control of an affected public. This article aims to initiate a more structured discussion about platform urbanism, specifically how and to what extent public values are incorporated in platform design and operation in the realm of mobility. It introduces an assessment framework for mobility platforms that was developed as part of a transdisciplinary research project in the Netherlands. This framework is grounded in two academic debates regarding 1) the rise of platform urbanism and 2) new forms of mobility that accompany the densification of cities. The paper refers to the mobility pilots Kutsuplus, UbiGo and Whim to illustrate how the safeguarding of public values can be evaluated. In the concluding section, the paper discusses some ways in which the assessment framework can be used for future research, for instance through scenarios.
Employee motivation and job performance: a study of basic school teachers in Ghana
Authors: Forson Joseph Ato , Ofosu-Dwamena Eric , Opoku Rosemary Afrakomah , Adjavon Samuel Evergreen
Published: September 2021

Motivation as a meaningful construct is a desire to satisfy a certain want and is a central pillar at the workplace. Thus, motivating employees adequately is a challenge as it has what it takes to define employee satisfaction at the workplace. In this study, we examine the relationship between job motivation factors and performance among teachers of basic schools in Ghana. The study employs a quantitative approach on a sample of 254 teachers from a population of 678 in the Effutu Municipality of Ghana, of which 159 questionnaires were duly answered and returned (representing 62.6% return rate). Using multiple regression and ANOVA, the study finds compensation package, job design and environment and performance management system as significant factors in determining teacher’s motivation in the municipality. Thus, these motivation factors were significant predictors on performance when regressed at a decomposed and aggregated levels. These findings support the self-determination theory, more specifically on the explanations advanced under the controlled and autonomous motivation factors. Significant differences were also observed in teachers’ performance among one of the age cohorts. The study urges the municipal directorate of education to make more room for young teacher trainees and interns who are at the formative stage of their careers to be engaged to augment the experienced staff strength. More should be done to make the profession attain some level of autonomy in the discharge of duty to breed the next genre of innovative educators in the municipality.
Should high-flow through nasal cannula be used during bronchoscopy in critically ill patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure?
Authors: Longhini Federico , Bruni Andrea , Saraco Giuseppe , Garofalo Eugenio , Conti Giorgio
Published: September 2021

Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is an invasive procedure with diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes commonly used in critically ill patients. FOB may be complicated by desaturation, onset or worsening of the respiratory failure, and hemodynamic instability due to cardio-respiratory alterations occurring during the procedure. Increasing evidences suggest the use of high-flow through nasal cannula (HFNC) over conventional oxygen therapy (COT) in critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). Indeed, HFNC has a rationale and possible physiologic advantages, even during FOB. However, to date, evidences in favor of HFNC over COT or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or non-invasive ventilation (NIV) during FOB are still weak. Nonetheless, in critically ill patients with hypoxemic ARF, the choice of the oxygenation strategy during a FOB is challenging. Based on a review of the literature, HFNC may be preferred over COT in patients with mild to moderate hypoxemic ARF, without cardiac failure or hemodynamic instability. On the opposite, in critically ill patients with more severe hypoxemic ARF or in the presence of cardiac failure or hemodynamic instability, CPAP or NIV, applied with specifically designed interfaces, may be preferred over HFNC.
Ceralasertib-Mediated ATR Inhibition Combined With Olaparib in Advanced Cancers Harboring DNA Damage Response and Repair Alterations (Olaparib Combinations)
Authors: Mahdi Haider , Hafez Navid , Doroshow Deborah , Sohal Davendra , Keedy Vickie , Do Khanh T. , LoRusso Patricia , Jürgensmeier Juliane , Avedissian Manuel , Sklar Jeffrey , Glover Colin , Felicetti Brunella , Dean Emma , Mortimer Peter , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Eder Joseph Paul
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have emerged as promising therapy in cancers with homologous recombination repair deficiency. However, efficacy is limited by both intrinsic and acquired resistance. The Olaparib Combinations basket trial explored olaparib alone and in combination with other homologous recombination–directed targeted therapies. Here, we report the results of the arm in which olaparib was combined with the orally bioavailable ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3-related inhibitor ceralasertib in patients with relapsed or refractory cancers harboring DNA damage response and repair alterations, including patients with BRCA-mutated PARP inhibitor–resistant high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Germline and somatic mutations had to be deleterious by COSMIC or ClinVar for eligibility. Olaparib was administered at 300 mg twice daily and ceralasertib at 160 mg daily on days 1-7 in 28-day cycles until progression or unacceptable toxicities. Primary end points were confirmed complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) rates and clinical benefit rate (CBR; CR + PR + stable disease [SD] at 16 weeks).

RESULTS

Twenty-five patients were enrolled, with median four prior therapies. Five patients required dose reductions for myelosuppression. Overall response rate was 8.3% and CBR was 62.5% among the entire cohort. Two of five patients with tumor harboring ATM mutation achieved CR or SD ongoing at 24+ months, respectively (CBR 40%). Of seven patients with PARP inhibitor–resistant HGSOC, one achieved PR (–90%) and five had SD ranging 16-72 weeks (CBR 86%).

CONCLUSION

Olaparib with ceralasertib demonstrated preliminary activity in ATM-mutated tumors and in PARP inhibitor–resistant BRCA1/2–mutated HGSOC. These data warrant additional studies to further confirm activity in these settings.
Reduced Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormone Is Associated with Diabetes and Hypertension
Authors: Mehran Ladan , Delbari Negar , Amouzegar Atieh , Hasheminia Mitra , Tohidi Maryam , Azizi Fereidoun
Published: September 2021

Context

Recently, reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormone as a more common finding in the general population and its possible association with metabolic parameters has been the focus of attention.

Objective

The objective was to evaluate the cross-sectional association of thyroid hormone sensitivity with diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and its components.

Methods

The study included a Tehranian representative sample of 5124 subjects aged ≥20 years participating in the Tehran Thyroid Study (2008-2011). Body weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure (BP) were measured, and serum concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins, fasting blood glucose, insulin, free thyroxine (fT4), and thyrotropin (TSH) were assayed. Thyroid hormone resistance was calculated by the Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI) and Iranian-referenced Parametric TFQI (PTFQI) and compared with 2 other indices: Thyrotroph T4 Resistance Index (TT4RI) and TSH Index.

Results

TFQI was significantly associated with high BP MetS criterion (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.23) and diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04, 1. 30, P = .009) in euthyroid subjects after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, and Homeostasis Model Assessment Index for Insulin Resistance. TFQI was not associated with new-onset diabetes contrary to known diabetes in subgroup analysis. The results were similar for PTFQI. TSHI (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.38, P = .001) and TT4RI (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.16, P < .001) were associated only with high BP in euthyroid subjects.

Conclusion

The new TFQI index seems to be the indicator of reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormone most suitable to associate its population variations with diabetes and hypertension in euthyroid subjects; however, interpretation for diabetes should be concerned with cautions, necessitating future studies.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Women and Girls With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Falzarano Claire , Lofton Taylor , Osei-Ntansah Adjoa , Oliver Trinitee , Southward Taylor , Stewart Salim , Andrisse Stanley
Published: September 2021

Context

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes a spectrum of liver damage due to excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. Recent research has demonstrated a high prevalence of NAFLD in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Results

Strong associations independent of body mass index (BMI) have been found between high androgen levels characteristic of PCOS, as well as insulin resistance, and the presence of NAFLD in these women, suggesting that these factors contribute to liver injury more significantly than obesity. Current studies indicate the occurrence of NAFLD in normal weight women with PCOS in addition to the commonly researched women who are overweight and obese. While the majority of studies address NAFLD in adult, premenopausal women (ages 25-40 years), the occurrence of NAFLD in young and adolescent women has gone largely unaddressed. Research in this field lacks diversity; a majority of studies either focus on populations of White women or are missing demographic information entirely.

Conclusions

Future studies should include larger, more racially and ethnically inclusive populations and particular attention should be paid to how excess androgens and insulin resistance contribute to the increased risk of NAFLD seen in women with PCOS of varying weights, ages, and ethnicities.

Objective and Methods

Here, we review NAFLD in women with PCOS with subsections focused on the impact of hyperandrogenism, BMI, insulin resistance and age. Most notably, we present the most up-to-date racially and ethnically diverse worldwide prevalence of NAFLD in women with PCOS compared with women without PCOS (51.56% vs 29.64%, P < .001, respectively).
Arcuate Nucleus-Dependent Regulation of Metabolism—Pathways to Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jais Alexander , Brüning Jens C
Published: September 2021

The central nervous system (CNS) receives information from afferent neurons, circulating hormones, and absorbed nutrients and integrates this information to orchestrate the actions of the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous systems in maintaining systemic metabolic homeostasis. Particularly the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) is of pivotal importance for primary sensing of adiposity signals, such as leptin and insulin, and circulating nutrients, such as glucose. Importantly, energy state–sensing neurons in the ARC not only regulate feeding but at the same time control multiple physiological functions, such as glucose homeostasis, blood pressure, and innate immune responses. These findings have defined them as master regulators, which adapt integrative physiology to the energy state of the organism. The disruption of this fine-tuned control leads to an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure as well as deregulation of peripheral metabolism. Improving our understanding of the cellular, molecular, and functional basis of this regulatory principle in the CNS could set the stage for developing novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we summarize novel insights with a particular emphasis on ARC neurocircuitries regulating food intake and glucose homeostasis and sensing factors that inform the brain of the organismal energy status.
Mimics of perineural tumor spread in the head and neck
Authors: Tanwar Manoj , Branstetter IV Barton F
Published: September 2021

Perineural spread (PNS) is an important potential complication of head and neck malignancy, as it is associated with decreased survival and a higher risk of local recurrence and metastasis. There are many review articles focused on the imaging findings of PNS. However, a false-positive diagnosis of PNS can be just as harmful to the patient as an overlooked case. In this manuscript, we delineate and classify various imaging mimics of PNS. Mimics can be divided into the following categories: normal variants (including vascular structures and failed fat suppression), infections, inflammatory disease (including granulomatous disease and demyelination), neoplasms, and post-traumatic/surgical changes. Knowledge of potential mimics of PNS will prevent false-positive imaging interpretation, and enable appropriate oncologic management.
The kinesin KIF1C transports APC-dependent mRNAs to cell protrusions
Authors: Pichon Xavier , Moissoglu Konstadinos , Coleno Emeline , Wang Tianhong , Imbert Arthur , Robert Marie-Cécile , Peter Marion , Chouaib Racha , Walter Thomas , Mueller Florian , Zibara Kazem , Bertrand Edouard , Mili Stavroula
Published: September 2021

RNA localization and local translation are important for numerous cellular functions. In mammals, a class of mRNAs localize to cytoplasmic protrusions in an APC-dependent manner, with roles during cell migration. Here, we investigated this localization mechanism. We found that the KIF1C motor interacts with APC-dependent mRNAs and is required for their localization. Live cell imaging revealed rapid, active transport of single mRNAs over long distances that requires both microtubules and KIF1C. Two-color imaging directly revealed single mRNAs transported by single KIF1C motors, with the 3′UTR being sufficient to trigger KIF1C-dependent RNA transport and localization. Moreover, KIF1C remained associated with peripheral, multimeric RNA clusters and was required for their formation. These results reveal a widespread RNA transport pathway in mammalian cells, in which the KIF1C motor has a dual role in transporting RNAs and clustering them within cytoplasmic protrusions. Interestingly, KIF1C also transports its own mRNA, suggesting a possible feedback loop acting at the level of mRNA transport.
Using pens as an incentive for questionnaire return in an orthopaedic trial: an embedded randomised controlled retention trial
Authors: Mitchell Alex S. , Cook Liz , Dean Alexandra , Fairhurst Caroline , Northgraves Matthew , Torgerson David J. , Reed Mike
Published: September 2021

Background: We did a ‘study within a trial’ (SWAT), evaluating the effectiveness of the inclusion of a pen with a postal questionnaire, compared to no pen being included, on the retention rate in a large orthopaedic trial.

Methods: The SWAT was embedded in the KReBS trial. The primary outcome was the proportion of 12-month questionnaires returned. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of questionnaires completed and time to questionnaire return. Binary data were analysed using logistic regression and time to return using Cox proportional hazards regression.  Odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) are presented, with associated 95% confidence intervals and p-values.

Results: In total, 2305 participants were randomised into the SWAT. In the pen group, 1020/1145 (89.1%) of participants returned a questionnaire, compared to 982/1147 (85.6%) in the no pen group. The absolute difference in questionnaire return rate was 3.5% (95% CI: 0.8% to 6.2%; p=0.01). There were statistically significant differences in questionnaire return rate (OR 1.36; 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.74; p=0.02), questionnaire completion rate (OR 1.40; 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.78; p<0.01) and time to questionnaire return (HR 1.17; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.27; p<0.01) favouring the pen group.

Conclusion: This SWAT adds to the growing evidence base for whether pens are effective as an incentive for retention, and indicates their potential effectiveness.

Registration: KReBS trial registered on 20 February 2019, ID ISRCTN87127065; SWAT registered on 1 April 2019, ID SWAT92.
Therapy for patients with asymptomatic and mild cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuhadi Joni , Triyono Erwin Astha , Waloejo Christijogo Soemartono , Harianto Agus , Jaya Halim Priyahau , Aulia Fauqa Arinil , Iswara Nalendra Djaya , Harianto M. Arif , Murti Krisna , Sriyono Sriyono , Kiranasari Ninis Herlina , Ali Nurarifah Destianizar , Lusida Michael Austin Pradipta , Asyari Claudia Herda , Situmorang Friedrich Rabin , Nabilah Nabilah , Arifianto Muhammad Reza , Waskito Langgeng Agung , Al Farabi Makhyan Jibril
Published: September 2021

Background: Though coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been designated as a global pandemic, its nature as a viral infection means that it is essentially a self-limiting disease. We studied the application of symptomatic, isolation, relaxation, nutrition and observation (SIRNO) therapy in patients with asymptomatic and mild symptoms of COVID-19 at a rescue hospital in Indonesia.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study involving 2122 patients who were admitted to Indrapura Field Hospital in Surabaya from 28 May 2020 to 20 September 2020. We analyzed demographic data, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory data, therapy and clinical outcomes.

Result: The total sample of 2122 patients consisted of 1403 male patients (66.12%), and 719 female patients (33.88 %). The most common age range was 26-45 years, at 52.54% (1115 patients). The clinical symptoms of 1121 patients (52.8%) were asymptomatic, 977 patients (46%) had mild symptoms, and 24 patients (0.1%) had moderate symptoms. All patients received the SIRNO therapy method. From a total of 2122 patients, 1930 patients (90.9%) were cured, 181 patients (8.5%) are still being treated, seven patients (0.03%) were referred for indications of desaturation (SpO2 <94%), and four patients (0.01%) were moved to a referral hospital. Until 20 September 2020, the final date studied, there were no patient deaths.

Conclusion: The SIRNO method provides excellent results in the management of COVID-19 at a rescue hospital for patients with asymptomatic and mild symptoms. Economic pharmacological research can initiate a follow-up study in order to objectively measure the effectiveness and efficiency of SIRNO treatment methods in patients with asymptomatic, mild symptoms of COVID-19, and the small number of 24 patients (0,.1%) with moderate symptoms.
Data fusion based lane departure warning framework using fuzzy logic
Authors: Ping Em Poh , Hossen J. , Kiong Wong Eng
Published: September 2021

Background: Lane detection is a difficult issue because of different lane circumstances. It plays an important part in advanced driver assistance systems, which give information about the centre of a host vehicle such as lane structure and lane position. Lane departure warning (LDW) is used to warn the driver about an unplanned lane exit from the original lane. The objective of this study was to develop a data-fusion LDW framework to improve the rate of detection of lane departure during daylight and at night.

Methods: Vision-based LDW is a comprehensive framework based on vision-based lane detection with additional lateral offset ratio computations based on the detected X12 and X22 coordinates. The computed lateral offset ratio is used to detect lane departure based on predefined LDW identification criteria for vision-based LDW. Data fusion-based LDW was developed using a multi-input-single-output fuzzy logic controller. Data fusion involved lateral offset ratio and yaw acceleration response from the vision-based LDW and model-based vehicle dynamics frameworks. Real-life datasets were generated for simulation under the MATLAB Simulink platform.

Results: Experimental results showed that fusion-based LDW achieved an average lane departure detection rate of 99.96% and 98.95% with false positive rates (FPR) of 0.04% and 1.05% using road footage clips #5–#27 in daytime and night-time, respectively. The average FPR using data fusion-based LDW reduced by 18.83% and 15.22% compared to vision-based LDW in daytime and night-time, respectively.

Conclusions: The data fusion-based LDW is a novel way of reducing false lane departure detection by fusing two types of modalities to determine the correct lane departure information. The limitation is the constant warning threshold value used in the current implementation of LDW in the vision-based LDW framework. An adaptive mechanism of warning threshold taking various road structures into account could be developed to improve lane departure detection.
Infertility and subsequent recurrent miscarriage: Current state of the literature and future considerations for practice and research
Authors: Linehan Laura , Hennessy Marita , O'Donoghue Keelin
Published: September 2021

Background: Recurrent miscarriage (RM) and infertility are independently associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, in addition to psychological sequelae. Experiencing pregnancy loss alongside infertility is particularly difficult. International guidance regarding RM is conflicting, and applicability to women with infertility is undetermined. The aim of this study was to: (i) establish if women/couples with a history of infertility are recognised in the literature on the investigation and management of RM, and (ii) determine if the specific needs of women/couples experiencing RM and infertility are ascertained and incorporated into clinical management strategies.

Methods: We examined the wide-ranging literature to ascertain what gaps existed. Studies were retrieved through searches of PubMed and Google Scholar up to 21 January 2021 using appropriate controlled vocabulary and combinations of key words. No language or study design restrictions were applied.

Results: While women/couples experiencing RM after infertility appear in studies evaluating investigations and proposed treatments, high-quality studies are lacking. Furthermore, they are largely excluded from international clinical guidance and qualitative research.

Conclusions: The experiences of women/couples with RM and infertility and their specific care needs within maternity and fertility services are underexplored. It is unclear from current RM guidelines how best to manage and support this complex cohort. Women/couples with infertility and RM are underserved in the literature and in clinical guidance. Further robust studies are warranted to examine pregnancy outcomes, investigations and treatments currently used. Qualitative research is also required to identify their medical and psychological needs to better support this vulnerable group.
Storing information of stroke rehabilitation patients using blockchain technology
Authors: Chang Min Cheol
Published: September 2021

Background: Stroke patients usually experience damage to multiple functions and a long rehabilitation period. Hence, there is a large volume of patient clinical information. It thus takes a long time for clinicians to identify the patient’s information and essential pieces of information may be overlooked. To solve this, we stored the essential clinical information of stroke patients in a blockchain and implemented the blockchain technology using the Java programming language.Methods: We created a mini blockchain to store the medical information of patients using the Java programming language.Results: After generating a unique pair of public/private keys for identity verification, a patient’s identity is verified by applying the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm based on the generated keys. When the identity verification is complete, new medical data are stored in the transaction list and the generated transaction is verified. When verification is completed normally, the block hash value is derived using the transaction value and the hash value of the previous block. The hash value of the previous block is then stored in the generated block to interconnect the blocks. Conclusion: We demonstrated that blockchain can be used to store and deliver the patient information of stroke patients. It may be difficult to directly implement the code that we developed in the medical field, but it can serve as a starting point for the creation of a blockchain system to be used in the field.
The Race for Online Reputation: Implications for Platforms, Firms, and Consumers
Authors: Yang Mingwen , Zheng Zhiqiang (Eric) , Mookerjee Vijay
Published: September 2021

Online reputation has become a key marketing-mix variable in the digital economy. Our study helps managers decide on the effort they should use to manage online reputation. We consider an online reputation race in which it is important not just to manage the absolute reputation, but also the relative rating. That is, to stay ahead, a firm should try to have ratings that are better than those of its competitors. Our findings are particularly significant for platform owners (such as Expedia or Yelp) to strategically grow their base of participating firms: growing the middle of the market (firms with average ratings) is the best option considering the goals of the platform and the other stakeholders, namely incumbents and consumers. For firms, we find that they should increase their effort when the mean market rating increases. Another key insight for firms is that, sometimes, adversity can come disguised as an opportunity. When an adverse event strikes the industry (such as a reduction in sales margin or an increase in the cost of effort), a firm’s profit can increase if it can manage this event better than its competitors.
Speculative Trading and Bubbles: Evidence from the Art Market
Authors: Pénasse Julien , Renneboog Luc
Published: September 2021

We argue that extrapolative expectations drive boom–bust cycles in the postwar art market. Price run-ups coincide with increases in demand fundamentals but are followed by predictable busts. Predictable changes account for about half of the variance of five-year price changes. High prices coincide with many attributes of speculative bubbles: trading volume, the share of short-term trades, the share of postwar art, and volatility are all higher during booms. In addition, short-term transactions underperform long-term transactions. Survey evidence further confirms the link between beliefs, prices, and volume dynamics as in models in which extrapolative beliefs fuel speculative bubbles.

This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance.
Post-Processing of Schlieren Images
Authors: PRISACARIU Emilia , PRISECARU Tudor , VILAG Valeriu , SUCIU Cosmin , DOBROMIRESCU Cristian , ENACHE Marius , NICOARA Razvan
Published: September 2021

In general, the Schlieren visualization method is used to qualitatively describe phenomena. However, recent studies have attempted to convert the classical Schlieren system into a quantitative method to describe certain flow parameters. This paper aims at analysing pictures from a qualitative and a quantitative point of view. The post-processing of images for both situations is described based on different applications. Real examples are used and both methodologies and logical schemes are explained. The article focuses on image processing, and not on the studied phenomena.