bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-resolution magnetic susceptibility as a proxy for sediment provenance change: age constraints on the Middle-Upper Eocene Atlasic event (central Tunisia)
Authors: Messaoud Jihede Haj , Yaich Chokri
Published: May 2024

Magnetic susceptibility (MS) and clay mineralogy data from the Bougobrine and Souar sections (Middle-Upper Eocene) in central Tunisia are compared to known sedimentological and geodynamic data to highlight the timing of the Paleogene sediment source change. Previous works placed the Alpine compression event and the folding in central Tunisia at the Middle-Upper Eocene transition, followed by a shift in the sediment source at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Here, we show that the primary origin of sediments followed the tectonic events, leading to a significant change in the magnetic signal and clay mineralogy since the topmost Bartonian in the proximal section and the base of the Priabonian in the distal section. The hematite, goethite, and magnetite concentrations determine the variations in the magnetic susceptibility signal of the distal homogenous shales (Souar section). The shallow carbonate Bougobrine section exhibits less pronounced cyclicity due to diagenesis, high dilution by carbonate, and scarce magnetic minerals (washed towards the distal shales). Adverse cyclostratigraphic findings in the distal section indicate that multiple sediment sources during the Middle Eocene led to the absence of preserved magnetic susceptibility cyclicity. Our results indicate multiple source regions of the Lutetian-Bartonian deposits from the emerged northern, eastern, and SE provinces and a more dominant eastern origin from the Early Priabonian with a minor contribution from the north and eastern regions. Large rivers occurred during the Eocene-Oligocene transition, bringing siliciclastic deposits from SW Tunisia in line with previously hypothesized provenance patterns.
Using PDE Method to Compute The Volume of the Lung
Authors: Ahmed Jiyar Jafar
Published: May 2024

The object of this paper is computing the volume for the shape of Lung which is designed by a technique depending on the use of an elliptic and four boundary conditions which is called PDE method.
To calculate the volume of the Lung some steps needed, first from the given radius and height which are obtained from boundary conditions of PDE method finding the vectors X, Xu and Xv, after that finding the cross product between the vectors Xu and Xv, then calculate the dot product between vector X and the result of the cross product between the vectors Xu and Xv, and then evaluate double integration of the result of dot product, at last divide the result of integration by 3 to get the volume.
Spannungsfelder und Herausforderungen im Feld der Medien- und informatischen Bildung
Authors: Thumel Mareike
Published: May 2024

Die Studie beschäftigt sich mit Angeboten im Feld der Medien- und informatischen Bildung für Kinder im mittleren Kindesalter, wobei der Fokus auf den Strategien und Rahmenbedingungen der Bildungspraktiker:innen liegt. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse dargelegt, beginnend mit der Darstellung der Informationen über die Aktivitäten im Feld der Medien- und informatischen Bildung für Kinder im mittleren Kindesalter. Deskriptiv werden die Angebote beschrieben. Anschliessend werden die Teilforschungsfragen beantwortet Diese strukturieren den Aufbau des Kapitels.Begonnen wird mit Forschungsfrage 1: ‹Welche Absichten verfolgen die Bildungs­praktiker:innen in ihren Angeboten?›. Das daran anschliessende Kapitel beantwortet die Forschungsfrage 2: ‹Welche Mittel haben die Bildungspraktiker:innen, um die antizipierten Ziele in ihrem Arbeitsumfeld zu erreichen?› Im Anschluss wird die dritte Forschungsfrage: ‹Welche Rahmenbedingen beeinflussen die Arbeit der Bildungspraktiker:innen?› beantwortet. Hier wird jeweils die Perspektive der Bildungspraktiker:innen auf institutionelle, organisatorische und gesellschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen sowie deren individuelle Perspektive auf die mediatisierten Lebenswelten dargelegt. Die Rahmenbedingungen werden im Anschluss in einem Modell zusammengeführt.Um die vierte Forschungsfrage: ‹Inwieweit unterscheiden sich die Handlungen der Bildungspraktiker:innen voneinander?› zu beantworten, wurde eine Typenbildung durchgeführt (siehe Thumel 2024c). Die Typologie brachte sechs verschiedene Handlungsentwürfe zum Vorschein.Im Anschluss werden die Ergebnisse diskutiert (Kapitel 6) Dabei wird die Typologie theoretisch rückgebunden und sowohl die Bildungspraktiker:innen als auch die Kinder im mittleren Kindesalter, samt deren zentralen Spannungsfeldern, in den Blick genommen. Abgeschlossen wird dieses Kapitel mit der Schlussbetrachtung und einem Ausblich, der sowohl die Reflexion der Methode sowie Limitationen beinhaltet als auch die zentralen Befunde und Desiderate herausstellt.
The “how and why” of assessing micronutrient levels in beef cow-calf systems
Authors: Rethorst Dave
Published: May 2024

Matching the nutritional resources of protein, energy, miner­als, trace minerals and vitamins to requirements of the beef cow at various times of the year is likely the most challenging aspect of meeting the production goals in a cow-calf production system. While each system will have different goals, commonly accepted goals are 95% of females pregnant in 60 days, 65% of the cows calving in the first 21 days, and a 90 % weaned calf crop based on number of cows exposed.18 If goals are not being met, the obvious question is “why?” and a careful evaluation of the entire system should be undertaken as many times these problems are multifactorial. It is not uncommon to find nutri­tion playing a significant role in these problems whether they be reproductive, neonatal health or weaning health (Figure 1).
The keys to success of bull breeding soundness exams
Authors: Koziol Jennifer
Published: May 2024

Bull breeding soundness exams are one of the most important tasks that we perform as bovine veterinarians. This exam is de­signed to identify subfertile and infertile bulls which if used in a breeding scenario can result in loss of dollars for the produc­er. This loss of income comes from reduction in calves hitting the ground, a longer calving season, and in total less pounds of calf at the time of weaning.
Calf diarrhea diagnostics
Authors: Middleton Gabe
Published: May 2024

The decision to submit calf diarrhea samples to a veterinary diagnostic lab can often be challenging. Balancing the value of the information with the ability to promote positive manage­ment changes is the conundrum the veterinarian often finds themself in. It is important for veterinarians to understand the available tests, interpret results properly, and convey those re­sults in a manner that promotes improvements in calf health.
AABP Guidelines for the Humane Euthanasia of Cattle
Authors: Hain Megan
Published: May 2024

For stockman, farmers, veterinarians and animal caretakers who choose to work with cattle there are many rewards, but there is also the responsibility to provide the animals in their care with a good a life, and when that is no longer possible, to alleviating the suffering of a slow and painful death. This is not just between farmers and their cattle it is also part of the social compact farmers have with consumers to produce the food that consumers purchase for their families in a way that is ethical. The requirements for humane euthanasia are also codified in industry animal welfare standards. But in reviewing recent studies on the number of cows and calves that die unassisted or were shipped to slaughter with serious ailments, the reali­ties on farm do not always live up to this expectation. To help to address this the AABP has developed and recently updated the American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) Guidelines for the Humane Euthanasia of Cattle as a tool to help bovine prac­titioners and farmers provide timely and humane euthanasia for the cattle to prevent needless pain and suffering.
Practical guide to the bovine necropsy
Authors: Harding Andrew
Published: May 2024

Food animal veterinarians often have the opportunity to deter­mine the cause of death of bovine patients based on grossly vis­ible pathological changes alone, without the need for additional diagnostic testing. In some production systems (e.g., feedlot, stocker, and some cow-calf operations), a field necropsy is per­formed for almost every mortality; however, for one reason or another, some veterinarians and producers are reluctant to consistently take advantage of performing this procedure. The information collected from postmortem necropsies facilitates ongoing monitoring of disease rates in populations, feeds back into various animal health protocols, and guides decisions per­taining to disease outbreaks. Developing a standardized pro­cedure and employing the appropriate equipment can usually produce a diagnosis very quickly. Furthermore, with the imple­mentation of commonly used technologies, the same principles can be utilized to assist with expanding the geographic area in which diagnoses are made.
When doc becomes doc and mom
Authors: Costello Nicole
Published: May 2024

As the proportion of women entering the veterinary workforce continues to grow, young veterinarians are demonstrating an increasing need for guidance in navigating pregnancy and motherhood while maintaining their role as a veterinarian. As a relatively new issue for many rural practices, the profession lacks a consistent and distinct precedent for maternity leave and what can be expected during pregnancy. One veterinarian’s experience cannot begin to cover what can be expected for ev­eryone, but can provide tips and insight onto navigating these concerns for other new graduates and practice owners. Follow­ing the obvious challenges of pregnancy and then maternity leave comes the more difficult task of juggling on-call, daycare schedules and sick kids with a busy and unpredictable veteri­nary schedule. Finding a balance is not always easy but can be incredibly rewarding with the right mindset.
RETROSPECTIVE PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RECONSTRUCTION OF ACL TEAR WITH QUADRUPLED HAMSTRING GRAFT VERSUS QUADRUPLED HAMSTRING GRAFT INTERNALLY BRACED WITH FIBERTAPE
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Saxena Suraj , Bhanu Rana Divya
Published: May 2024

Background: Reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament is a widely done surgery. The surgical outcome is dependent upon the strength of the graft used. Quadrupled hamstring graft is a commonly used graft as it provides good strength and functional outcomes. However graft re-rupture and laxity of the graftare amongst the known complications which lead to repeat surgeries and unsatisfactory outcomes. Various techniques have been described to strenghthen the graft. This study compares the cumulative effect of internally bracing quadrupled hamstring graft using fibertape with quadrupled hamstring graft alone in terms of functional outcome and laxity. Materials and Method:The study was done at the Department of Orthopaedics at King Georges Medical University in Lucknow on 60 patients with anterior cruciate ligament tears from October 2021 to October 2022. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 had quadrupled hamstring graft reconstruction done alone, and Group 2 had quadrupled hamstring graft reconstruction done with fibertapebracedinternally.Lysholm knee score was used as a measure of functional outcome along with standardized Pivot shift test, Lachman testand anterior drawer test to measure and compare the pre- and postoperative variation in laxity. Results:On comparing the improvement in grades at subsequent follow-up, group 2 showed significant improvement in functional outcomes in terms of Lysholm knee score . Conclusion:We concluded that reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament using quadrupled hamstring graft internally braced with fiber tape gives a better functional outcome in form of Lysholm knee score although there was no significant improvement in grades of Anterior Drawer and Lachman test. Although follow up period of six months was a limiting factor . Further clinical evaluation over a longer period of follow up to evaluate the effect of fibertape on shielding and creeping of graft is essential and also to study the resultant collagen fibretapes clinical behavior.
ASSOCIATION OF VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY AND MUCO-CUTANEOUS FINDINGS IN DERMATOLOGY: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
Authors: Mandli Sonal , Surani Ashma , Patel Jigna
Published: May 2024

Background:Vitamin b12 deficiency is considera common nutritional deficiency in Indian population.Vitamin B12 deficiency related to hair and cutaneous features like hair-fall, and cutaneous pigmentation are not well described in literature. Aim:To study serum vitamin b12 level in relation to diffuse hair-fall and muco-cutaneouspigmentation. Study design: Case-control observational study Materials and methods:Total 240 patients presented with diffuse hair-fall or muco-cutaneous pigmentation were taken as cases and screened for serum vitamin b12 level at tertiary health care centre. Other 240 patients of same age group presented with other dermatological conditions were taken as control. Also associated symptoms like weakness, malaise, numbness, tingling, paresthesia, burning sole, glossitis, angular cheilitis, angular stomatitis, aphthous stomatitis, graying of hair, mild memory impairment, irritability, psychosis, delusion of paresthesia, dementia and depression were noted in each patient. Results:Out of 240 patient females: male ratio was 3.52:1. Vegetarian:non-vegetarian ratio was 3.36:1. Out of 240 patients 42% patient presented with hair fall, 33% with hyperpigmentation and 25% had both complain. Facial pigmentationin 20%, extra-facial in 15%, both (facial & extra-facial) in 45% of patients were noted. Mucosal pigmentation was present in 20%. Serum vitamin b12 level was low in 198 cases and 87 control. Hemoglobin level was low (<10 gm/dl) in 196 0f cases and 127 of control. Amongst 240 cases weakness in 58, malaise in 22, numbness in 5, tingling in 15, paresthesia in 2, burning sole in 108, glossitis in 76, angular stomatitis in 13, aphthous ulcer in 31, graying of hair in 92, memory impairment in 18, irritation in 64, psychosis and delusion of paresthesia in 1, dementia in 8 patients were noted. Conclusions:Vitamin B12 deficiency is not rare, but data are insufficient regarding its prevalence. In our study, 240 patients with diffuse hair fall and muco-cutaneous pigmentation as case group and 240 patients as control group were included. Among groups, vitamin b12 deficiency was found in 198 cases and 87 control. We found that there was significant association with vitamin b12 deficiency, diffuse hair fall and muco-cutaneous pigmentation as clinical markers for dermatologists.
Attitudes towards Sexual Behaviour: an Exploratory Analysis of a Comprehensive Model
Authors: Velo Higueras Carlos , Ruiz Díaz Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2024

Introduction. A theoretical model of self-oriented cognitive schemata of sexual behaviour (SO-CSSB) was proposed after a previous disambiguation review on the definition and research of sexual attitudes. A quantitative exploration of the proposal may add real-world information regarding the internal structure and the adequacy of the defined factors. Consequently, the present study aims to 1) develop a questionnaire based on the theoretical review and 2) explore the structure of the SO-CSSB model. Method. Following the SO-CSSB principles, a questionnaire was developed and evaluated. An observational cross-sectional online survey was conducted. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a reliability analysis were performed. Results. A study sample, comprised of 188 subjects, was analysed (Age 18–56; M = 25.27; SD = 6.6; 62 male, 33.2%). The EFA yielded 16 factors with eigenvalues above 1, accounting for 67.21% of the variance (KMO = .672, Barlett’s = 3958.7, sig.<.01; item communalities between .44 and .80). Items under .49were cut off, which included values from .49 to .86. There was no correlation between components over .20, in a range from –.19 to .20. Reliability indexes varied from .46 to .86. Conclusion. A final model of 16 components followingthe SO-CSSB principles was presented. The analysis revealed certain modifications to the theoretical proposal, and the objective of adding a quantitative frame toempirically specify its factors was achieved. This outcome constitutes a step forward to developing a comprehensive model on sexual beliefs.
Gold-Platinum Bimetallic Nanoparticles: Tailoring Plasmonic Properties through Synthesis Parameters
Authors: Fornasier Franccesca , Passos Sthefany , Concas Guilherme , Liu Liying , Xing Yutao , Del Rosso Tommaso , Percebom Ana Maria
Published: May 2024

Gold and platinum bimetallic nanoparticles, Au@PtNPs, have gained attention due to their plasmonic properties. The controlled synthesis of Au@PtNPs involves complex parameters, and the resulting synergy between Au and Pt introduces possibilities for tailoring their properties. This study explores the effects of key-parameters of synthesis (gold core diameters, reaction time, and Pt concentration) on the final properties of Au@PtNPs. Gold nanoparticles of varying diameters were synthesized and used as cores for the reduction of hexachloroplatinic acid, forming a surrounding shell of Pt nanoparticles. The parameters were systematically tuned to understand their impact on morphology, dimension, stability, and plasmonic properties of Au@PtNPs. Increasing Pt precursor concentration resulted in thicker and denser Pt shells, broadening the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band and improving Au@PtNPs stability. These properties are essential for applications such as photothermal treatment. The synthesis achieved satisfactory products within just 1 h of Pt4+ reduction at mild temperature without using surfactants. Only limited changes in plasmonic properties were observed after 4 h of synthesis, suggesting an optimal reaction period. Manipulating Au core diameter provided LSPR band control, with smaller cores exhibiting greater broadening towards the infrared region. This systematic exploration provided valuable insights for understanding key-parameters governing the synthesis and properties of Au@PtNPs.
Modeling the Contribution of Network Human Capital to Economic Dynamics and Innovation Activity
Authors: Gabdullin N. M. , Kirshin I. A.
Published: May 2024

Purpose of the study. This article analyzes the contribution of network human capital to economic dynamics and innovation through econometric modeling based on data for 70 countries for 2020–2021. The main goal of the study is to analyze the relationship between network human capital, economic development and innovation activity.

Materials and methods. The present study is based on feedback methodology. On the one hand, the development of human capital is a strategic factor in sustainable economic development. On the other hand, economic resources that increase under development conditions are invested in human capital. The authors have developed a two-stage method for assessing the contribution of network human capital to economic dynamics and the development of innovation. At the first stage, the influence of human capital on the factors of innovative development, assessed by the indexes of the Global Innovation Index (GII), was assessed. At the second stage, an assessment of the contribution of these factors to GDP per employee was modeled. The method was implemented through the development of econometric models that allow assessing the contributions of network human capital to economic dynamics based on the profile of the national economy and assessing the dependence of GDP per employee on the employment structure of the national economy.

Results. Based on the results of econometric modeling, the impact of human capital accumulation on the innovative development of the economy was assessed. Statistically significant relationships between: an increase in human capital and the acceleration of the pace of development of new technologies and the knowledge economy; development of creative activity; increasing innovative ties have been identified and substantiated. Based on the modeling results, we empirically assessed, firstly, the contribution of network human capital to GDP per employee; secondly, the increasing contribution of new industries to GDP per employee and the decreasing contribution of traditional industries (using the example of agriculture); thirdly, the more significant contribution of those employed in IT compared to the contribution of those employed in education and healthcare to GDP per employee.

Conclusion. The results of the modeling proved that network human capital influences economic growth and innovative development through two mechanisms. Firstly, network human capital is directly involved in the production processes of the platform economy as a factor of production. In this sense, the accumulation of network human capital directly increases aggregate output. Secondly, the accumulation of network human capital has a positive effect on classical factors of production and, in particular, contributes to technological progress.
PATRONES FENOLÓGICOS Y SU CONTRIBUCIÓN ECOSISTÉMICA DE Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) RAVENNA Y Koelreuteria paniculata LAXM. EN EL CAMPUS DE LA UNALM
Authors: Sangay-Tucto Sheena , Mondragón Aguirre Gino , Romero Jordan , Cerdán-Morillo José
Published: May 2024

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar patrones fenológicos dominantes de Ceiba speciosa y Koelreuteria paniculata del campus de la UNALM, durante el periodo de mayo 2022 a junio 2023, realizando observaciones semanales. Para el análisis estadístico, se utilizó el índice de correlación de Spearman entre las variables climáticas (temperatura y humedad relativa ambiental) y las fenológicas (floración, fructificación y foliación). Se analizó la dirección y grado de asociación con un nivel de significancia de 0.05 (p-valor < 0.05).  La evaluación fenológica de ambas especies se complementó con la identificación de los potenciales servicios ecosistémicos involucrados. Para ello, se aplicó el enfoque de las Contribuciones de la Naturaleza a la calidad de vida de la comunidad universitaria, clasificándolas en materiales, no materiales y de regulación. Los resultados revelan una fuerte asociación y altamente significativa (p-valor<0,001) entre la floración y la caída de flores de C. speciosa. En el caso de K. paniculata, la caída de frutos presenta una asociación significativa con la diseminación; moderadamente significativa con la brotación de hojas. Respecto a la diseminación, se registra una asociación significativa con la brotación de hojas. Las Contribuciones de la Naturaleza a las Personas (CNP’s) identificadas incluyen servicios materiales, como el uso artesanal de semillas de C. speciosa y el potencial energético de producción de biodiesel a partir de semillas de K. paniculata. Además, se asocian servicios ecosistémicos no materiales, como la regulación de la polinización, la fotosíntesis, mantenimiento del hábitat, el valor estético y regulación térmica en entornos urbanos. Finalmente, se destaca la interconexión entre la naturaleza y el bienestar humano, evidenciando la necesidad de comprender los patrones fenológicos para maximizar las Contribuciones de la Naturaleza en el bienestar de la comunidad universitaria.
Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of Huaier on Modulating Metabolic
Reprogramming of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Study based on Network
Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Bioinformatics
Authors: Wan Yuxiang , Jiang Honglin , Liu Zeyu , Bai Chen , Lian Yanyan , Zhang Chunguang , Zhang Qiaoli , Huang Jinchang
Published: May 2024

Background:

Huaier (Trametes robiniophila Murr), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used
in China as a complementary and alternative therapy to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Past studies
have shown that Huaier can arrest the cell cycle, promote apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of cancer
cells. However, how it regulates the metabolism of HCC is still unclear.

Objective:

This study explores the metabolic-related function of Huaier in treating HCC with an in-silico approach.

Methods:

A network pharmacology and bioinformatics-based approach was employed to investigate the
molecular pathogenesis of metabolic reprogramming in HCC with Huaier. The compounds of Huaier were obtained
from public databases. Oral bioavailability and drug likeness were screened using the TCMSP platform.
The differential gene expressions between HCC and non-tumor tissue were calculated and used to find the
overlap from the targets of Huaier. The enrichment analysis of the overlapped targets by Metascape helped filter
out the metabolism-related targets of Huaier in treating HCC. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction
and topological screening revealed the hub nodes. The prognosis and clinical correlation of these targets
were validated from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database, and the interactions between the hub
nodes and active ingredients were validated by molecular docking.

Results:

The results showed that Peroxyergosterol, Daucosterol, and Kaempferol were the primary active compounds
of Huaier involved in the metabolic reprogramming of HCC. The top 6 metabolic targets included
AKR1C3, CYP1A1, CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP17A1, and HSD11B1. The decreased expression of CYP3A4
and increased expression of AKR1C3 were related to the poor overall survival of HCC patients. The molecular
docking validated that Peroxyergosterol and Kaempferol exhibited the potential to modulate CYP3A4 and
AKR1C3 from a computational perspective.

Conclusion:

This study provided a workflow for understanding the mechanism of Huaier in regulating the
metabolic reprogramming of HCC.
Alternative Reactions to Friedel-crafts Acylation on Highly Activated Substrates
Authors: Leite Debora Inacio , Pimentel Luiz Claudio Ferreira , Avelino Dias Maria da Conceição , Bastos Monica Macedo , Boechat Nubia
Published: May 2024

Friedel-crafts acylation (FCAcyl) is the most widespread method used to prepare
aryl ketones and aldehydes. However, depending on the type of group attached to the benzene,
their derivatives influence the electronic characteristics and structural orientations of
the compounds during acylation; thus, the groups are very important for the success of the
reaction. The existence of strong electron-donating groups, such as polyhydroxy/
polyalkoxyphenols and anilines on the aromatic ring, makes this reaction difficult.
To overcome these problems and with the aim of obtaining aromatic ketones from benzene
compounds, appropriate methodologies were described. Therefore, this review consists of
showing the importance and applicability of the Houben-Hoesch and Sugasawa reactions
as alternatives for the Friedel-crafts acylation of polyhydroxy/polyalkoxyphenols and anilines,
respectively. The main advances used in the original methodologies were also described. The use of these
reactions as an alternative to the renowned Friedel-crafts acylation reactions should be taken into consideration
as an important synthetic tool because there is the possibility of reducing steps, with consequent improvement
of yield, in addition to optimizing reaction performance.
Luminescent Dansyl-Calix[5]arene for the Recognition of Biogenic Amines
Authors: Testa Caterina , Gangemi Chiara M.A. , Sfrazzetto Giuseppe Trusso , Ricceri Martina , Giuffrida Alessandro , Greco Valentina , Cancelliere Ambra Maria , Puntoriero Fausto , Pappalardo Andrea
Published: May 2024

:

A luminescent calix[5]arene with a covalently linked dansyl chromophore substituent
has been successfully used, both in solution and in the gas phase (ESI-MS), for the
recognition of biogenic amines that contain linear alkylammonium structural unit. Binding
constant values, determined by fluorescence spectroscopy, revealed a greater affinity for
cadaverine, spermidine, and L-lysine, in which the terminal ammonium group allows for
additional stabilizing interactions with the dansyl moiety.
Prevalence of Risk Factors Associated With Poor Quality of Sleep in
People Living with HIV and the Correlation between Quality of Sleep and
Cd4+ T Lymphocyte Reconstitution: A Cross-Sectional Study from Turkey
Authors: Eren Korkmaz Ozge , Kaptan Aydoğmuş Figen
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

The prevalence of sleep disorders in people living with HIV (PLWH) is
higher than in the general population. Even if viral suppression is achieved with Antiretroviral
Therapy (ART), the chronic immune activation and increased inflammation due to immune reconstitution
persist. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of poor quality of sleep
(QoS) and associated risk factors in PLWH and to investigate the relationship between poor QoS
and CD4 T lymphocyte count and CD4 reconstitution.

Methods:

PLWH ≥18 years old, attending for routine HIV monitoring were recruited. PLWH with
conditions that may affect their QoS (pregnant, hospitalized, malignancy, substance-alcohol
abuse, psychiatric disease or treatment, sleeping pill) were excluded. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
(PSQI, score ≥5 indicates poor QoS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS, score ≥11 indicates daytime
sleepiness), and Beck Depression Scale (BDS, score ≥10 indicates clinical depression) were
applied. CD4+ T lymphocyte reconstitution (current-baseline CD4+ count) and CD4+ T lymphocyte
reconstitution rate [(current-baseline CD4+ count)/duration of HIV infection in years] were
calculated for PLWH on ART. Student t-test and Pearson’s chi-squared test were used for analysing
the data, and p<0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

A total of 131 (15 newly diagnosed, 116 on ART for at least six months) PLWH were enrolled.
Poor QoS was detected in 60.3% of PLWH. When compared, the ratio was higher in newly
diagnosed PLWH (vs PLWH on ART, p>0,05). Daytime sleepiness in PLWH with poor Qos
(p=0.04) was significantly increased (vs good QoS). Clinical depression (p=0.001) was significantly
more common in PLWH with poor QoS (vs good QoS). Although statistically nonsignificant
(p>0,05), younger age, female sex, being single, homosexüel sexual preference, high income and
living with the family were associated with poor QoS. No association was found between the
ART regime and QoS. PLWH with poor QoS had a higher CD4+ T lymphocyte count (p>0,05), a
higher number of CD4+ T lymphocyte reconstitution (p<0.05), and a higher reconstitution rate
than PLWH with good QoS (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

Prevalence of poor QoS was high in our cohort. Poor QoS was associated with CD4+
T lymphocyte reconstitution and reconstitution rate.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Towards Referral of Probiotics by Pediatricians of Government Hospitals in Faisalabad, Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Azka , Randhawa Sajid Rehman , Khan Iqra Hamid
Published: May 2024

Background:

The use of probiotics is increasing with time. However, there is limited
data available related to the referral and knowledge of pediatricians regarding the use of probiotics.

Objectives:

The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pediatricians
toward the referral of probiotics in government hospitals located in Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 196 pediatricians who participated in this
study. A well-structured, self-administered questionnaire was distributed among participants to assess
their knowledge, attitude, and practices towards probiotics referral. The questionnaire was
based on four sections including questions related to socio-demographics, knowledge, attitude,
and practices about probiotics’ use and referral. The obtained data was analyzed using descriptive
statistics and, the chi-square test in SPSS.

Results:

The findings indicated that the majority of participants had fair knowledge (57.7%), a
positive attitude (69.4%), and good practices (80.1%) towards the referral of probiotics products.
The chi-square test results revealed that the gender difference of participants was significantly associated
with the knowledge (p-value = 0.042). Whereas, the knowledge of participants did not
vary significantly concerning the increase in the working experience (p-value = 0.075). In addition,
the attitudes and practices of pediatricians were also found to be non-significantly related to
the gender difference and working experience of the participants. Furthermore, a significant correlation
was found between the attitude and practices (p-value = 0.019), and between knowledge
and practices (p-value = 0.000). Whereas, no significant correlation was found between knowledge
and attitude (p-value = 0.197).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the majority of the participants in this study had fair knowledge, a positive
attitude, and good practices towards the referral of probiotics. Although there are certain limitations
to this study, it is the first study that provides insights into the knowledge, attitudes, and
practices of pediatricians in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Consequently, it is suggested that additional
training programs and healthcare policies should be initiated to further promote the clinical applications
of probiotics by enhancing the knowledge of pediatricians as well as other healthcare professionals
in the country.
Optimization of Microwave-assisted Extraction of Polysaccharide from Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Seeds
Authors: Palai Sangita , Roy Abani , Ashraf Gouhar Jahan , Nandi Gouranga , Sahu Ranabir , Paul Paramita , Dua Tarun Kumar
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Fenugreek seed polysaccharides (FSP) have gained significant attention
in research due to their availability in different forms, which play a tremendous role in the pharmaceutical
industry as a natural excipient like matrix-former, binder, gelling, and suspending agent.
Extraction of polysaccharides plays a vital role in their purity, cost, etc. In extraction processes,
several parameters like time, temperature, pressure, solvent to be used, or the combination of all these
can be modified to optimize the process

Aims and Objective:

The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction of the fenugreek seed
polysaccharide. In other words, the objective of this study was to optimize the various parameters
of the microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharide content from the fenugreek seed (Trigonella
foenum-graecum) using the Box-Behnken design (BBD).

Methods:

The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction of the
FSP. This study finds the interactive effects of the independent process variables (irradiation time,
power, and solvent-to-solid ratio) on polysaccharide yield (%) by using BBD.

Results:

The result showed a 40.11% yield of polysaccharides when ideal conditions were met,
such as a 9.95 minute irradiation time, 51.03 solvent-to-solid ratio, and a microwave power of
180.09. The presence of functional groups in polysaccharides was confirmed by the FTIR spectrum
of the isolated polysaccharide.

Conclusion:

The findings demonstrate that microwave-assisted extraction is a viable method for
extracting FSP.
Chemical Profile with Antibacterial and Modulatory Activity of Extracts from the Stem Bark of Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl.
Authors: do Nascimento Joice Barbosa , Goncalves Castro Jose Walber , da Silva Maria Inacio , Viturino Jose Jonas Ferreira , da Silva Mariana Pereira , Donelardy Ana Cecilia Calixto , da Silva Mendes Johnatan Wellisson , Galvao Rodrigues Fabiola Fernandes , da Costa Jose Galberto Martins
Published: May 2024

Objective:

The present study aimed to investigate the chemical profile and evaluate the
antibacterial and antibiotic-modulating activity of the methanolic extract and ethyl acetate of the
stem bark of C. quercifolius against standard and multiresistant strains.

Methods:

The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was determined by the microdilution method,
and the modulating potential of the extracts on aminoglycoside and β-lactam antibiotics was
evaluated.

Results:

The classes of secondary metabolites identified from qualitative chemical prospecting
were flavones, flavonols, xanthones, flavonones, flavonols, catechins and leucoanthocyanidins.
The assays showed inhibition only for Klebsiella pneumoniae-producing extended-spectrum β-
lactamase, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 with MICs
of 256, 512 and 512 μg/mL, respectively. The extracts, when associated with gentamicin and
amoxicillin, showed synergism against all standard and multiresistant strains, with the exception
of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extendedspectrum
β-lactamase, respectively. When combined with amikacin, they also demonstrated synergism
against multidrug-resistant strains; however, only the ethyl acetate extract had a synergistic
effect against E. coli ATCC 25922. The association of penicillin with methanolic extract
showed synergism only for Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase and
S. aureus ATCC 29213, while the ethyl acetate extracts demonstrated synergism against S. aureus
and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase.

Conclusion:

It was found that C. quercifolius extracts have antibacterial potential against gramnegative
bacteria. However, the need for additional research using specific methods against bacteria
carrying different resistance mechanisms, especially gram-positive ones, is highlighted, with
the aim of elucidating their mechanism of action.
Development of Online Training Modules on Dementia Care at Home for Family Caregivers
Authors: Widyastuti Rita Hadi , Sahar Junaiti , Rekawati Etty , Kekalih Aria
Published: May 2024

Introduction

To improve the quality of care and reduce the negative effects of caregiving, modules that address the needs of caregivers must be developed. There hasn't been much progress in Indonesia in creating online training programs for dementia care at home.

Objective

This study aims to develop online training modules on dementia care at home that are especially suited to the needs of family caregivers.

Methods

The modules were developed using the Sidek Module Development Model (SMDM), which consisted of two stages: [a] developing the module drafts and [b] testing and evaluating the modules. The study involved semi-structured in-depth interviews with fifteen family caregivers caring for older adults with dementia that focused on [i] existing problems and challenges that family caregivers face in caring for older adults with dementia, [ii] the needs of family caregivers in caring for older adults with dementia and self-care, and [iii] strategies to meet those needs. The interview results were analyzed using the collaizi method.

Results

Seven modules were developed based on the family needs in this study, including aging processes in older adults, dementia and its impact, communication adapted to the older adults’ condition, management of issues arising in older adults with dementia, becoming resilient family caregivers, addressing issues faced by family caregivers, and self-help groups. The module content validity scores ranged between 90.73% and 94.73% based on the respective aspects of the modules, with an overall content validity score of 92.79%.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that the online training modules on dementia care at home for family caregivers are appropriate and applicable for online training programs aimed to improve the knowledge and abilities of caregivers in providing self-care and care for older adults with dementia.
Reduced Stress among COVID-Symptomatic Undergraduates:
Act With Awareness, Nonjudgment, and Nonreactivity as Key
Facets of Mindfulness
Authors: Sirotiak Zoe , Adamowicz Jenna L. , Thomas Emily B.K.
Published: May 2024

Objective:

Associations between mindfulness and improved physical
and psychological health have been established, but COVID-19 presents a novel
context. This study examined the relationship between individual mindfulness
facets and general stress among college students experiencing at least one
symptom of acute COVID-19 infection in the context of the pandemic.

Methods:

Five hundred sixteen university students experiencing at least one
CDC-identified COVID-19 symptom completed measures of general stress,
mindfulness, and somatic symptoms in 2020-2021 during the COVID-19
pandemic following IRB approval and informed consent.

Results:

The act with awareness, nonjudgment, and nonreactivity facets of
mindfulness were associated with general stress. In total, the model accounted for
over half of the variance in general stress (R2 = 0.51, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Mindfulness may be particularly important in explaining general
stress among college students reporting a symptom of COVID-19. Mindfulness
may benefit college students as the pandemic continues to unfold, and monitoring
one’s physical health remains a primary mitigation strategy. These results may
also inform understanding and responses to future public health emergencies in
which monitoring somatic symptoms is encouraged by public health officials to
contain the spread.
Sustainable Material Approach to Safer Fire Extinguishers
Authors: Monga Aparna , Nandini Durgesh , Singh Chandra Prakash , Singh Inderpal
Published: May 2024

:

The world considers environmental concerns a top-notch priority and strictly finds ecofriendly
ways to bring transformations. The widely used class of fire extinguishers, halons, has been
extensively used for decades until they were acknowledged for producing hazardous components like
HF, HCl, HBr, and COF2 and causing ozone depletion. This creates a surge in the search for a competent
substitute with reduced toxins, easing the environmental burden. So, this review discusses the
significance of halons, their existence, phase-out, and alternate substitutes in detail. To reduce ozone
depletion potential and global warming potential, the Montreal Protocol announced a ban on halons
and promoted the search for its replacements by either introducing the use of HFCs and perfluorocarbons
having zero ODP, or modifying them by gelling them with dry powders, gelling agents,
surfactants, and antiflatulents. The thorough composition of gelled halocarbons proposed as efficient
fire extinguishant alternatives is also disclosed here.
Nucleic Acid Structure
Authors: Atta Ur Rahman
Published: May 2024

Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules that store and transmit genetic
information in all living organisms. The structure of nucleic acids, specifically DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), is crucial for their function. The
backbone of nucleic acids is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups,
while the nucleotide bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil) protrude
from the sugar-phosphate backbone. The bases form specific hydrogen bonds with
complementary bases on the opposite strand, resulting in the double-helical structure of
DNA. RNA is usually single-stranded but can form secondary structures through base
pairing. The three-dimensional structure of nucleic acids is also important for their
function, as it determines the interactions between nucleic acids and other molecules,
such as proteins. Understanding nucleic acid structure is fundamental for many areas of
biology, including genetics, molecular biology and biotechnology. 
Cloning and Expression Vectors
Authors: Zain Ul Abedien  , Ali Rai Shafqat
Published: May 2024

Cloning and expression vectors are essential tools in molecular biology that
enable researchers to manipulate and study genes and proteins. Cloning vectors are
DNA molecules that can carry foreign DNA fragments and introduce them into host
cells. Expression vectors are specialized cloning vectors designed to drive the
expression of foreign genes in a host cell, allowing researchers to produce large
quantities of recombinant proteins. The most commonly used cloning vectors are
plasmids; circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently of the host
chromosome. Plasmids can be engineered to contain various features such as selectable
markers, multiple cloning sites, and regulatory sequences. These features make
plasmids versatile application tools, including gene cloning, mutagenesis, and genetic
engineering. Expression vectors are typically based on plasmids and contain additional
elements that enable the efficient expression of the foreign gene. These elements
include a strong promoter, a ribosome binding site, and a transcription terminator,
which work together to ensure the production of the recombinant protein. The choice of
expression vector depends on the desired protein expression level, the host cell type,
and downstream applications. The use of cloning and expression vectors has
revolutionized the field of molecular biology, enabling the production of recombinant
proteins, genetic engineering of organisms, and gene therapy. However, using these
tools requires careful consideration of potential risks, such as unintended genetic
modifications or the spread of genetically modified organisms.
Recombinant DNA Technology
Authors: Mehmood Farwa
Published: May 2024

Recombinant DNA technology, also known as genetic engineering, has
revolutionized the field of molecular biology by allowing researchers to manipulate and
transfer DNA sequences between different organisms. This technique involves the use
of restriction enzymes to cut DNA molecules, which can then be spliced together to
create novel sequences. Recombinant DNA technology has numerous applications in
medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. For example, it has been used to produce
human insulin, growth hormone, and other therapeutic proteins. In agriculture, it has
been used to create crops with improved yield and resistance to pests and diseases.
However, the use of recombinant DNA technology also raises ethical and safety
concerns, and its regulation is subject to the ongoing debate.
Application of Molecular Biology in Biotechnology
Authors: Asghar Hira
Published: May 2024

 Molecular biology is the study of molecular interactions and structures that
govern cellular processes. Biotechnology is an interdisciplinary field that utilizes
biological systems to create new products and technologies. The application of
molecular biology in biotechnology has revolutionized the way we understand and
manipulate biological systems. This technology has enabled the development of new
diagnostic tools, therapies, and drugs. The ability to manipulate DNA and RNA
sequences has also allowed the creation of genetically modified organisms with
desirable traits, including crops and animals. In addition, molecular biology has
facilitated the development of gene therapy, where defective genes are replaced or
repaired, and vaccines, where specific antigens are identified and synthesized.
Integrating molecular biology and biotechnology has opened up vast opportunities for
research and innovation in many fields, including medicine, agriculture, and
environmental science. As a result, the application of molecular biology in
biotechnology holds great promise for the future of science and technology. 