bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptos y directrices que orientan la atención primaria en salud en diversos territorios colombianos (2017)
Authors: Molano-Builes Patricia Eugenia , Mejía-Ortega Luz Mery , Gómez-Granada Johnny Alexander , Vargas-Betancourt Mónica Lorena , Cuellar-Bravo Khaterine
Published: January 2021

Objetivo Develar los conceptos sobre atención primaria en salud entre actores institucionales y comunitarios en diversos municipios de Colombia y señalar las directrices que orientan su implementación.Método Estudio multicasos en 13 municipios, con enfoque hermenéutico, empleando la técnica colcha de retazos en 21 talleres con diversos actores.Resultados Se encontraron cuatro tendencias conceptuales de atención primaria en salud: i) acceso a servicios de salud de calidad; ii) énfasis en acciones de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad; iii) atención básica en el primer nivel de complejidad y iv) perspectiva amplia, interesada por el derecho a la salud y la intervención de los determinantes sociales. El concepto predominante fue la atención básica prestada en el primer nivel de complejidad. La principal directriz fue el Plan Decenal de Salud Pública.Discusión la heterogeneidad de directrices y las diferencias conceptuales implican posturas que revelan apuestas ético-políticas en relación con la organización de los sistemas de salud y la justicia sanitaria. En Colombia persisten condiciones estructurales propias del modelo de aseguramiento que restringen la apropiación de una concepción integral y el desarrollo de una política pública basada en atención primaria en salud.
Diffúz nagy B-sejtes limfóma autológ transzplantációt követő relapszusának sikeres kezelése rituximab-bendamustinvenetoclax kombinációs kezeléssel
Authors: Bicskó Réka Ráhel , Magyari Ferenc , Illés Árpád , Gergely Lajos
Published: January 2021

Összefoglaló. Az autológ őssejt-transzplantáció után visszaeső
diffúz nagy B-sejtes limfómás betegek kezelése nagy kihívást jelent. Az újabban
alkalmazott kismolekulák, illetve a CAR-T-sejtes terápia ígéretes kezelési
lehetőségek, de ezekkel még nincs megfelelő tapasztalat, illetve csak bizonyos
betegcsoportban alkalmazhatók. A munkában egy autológ hemopoetikus
őssejt-transzplantáció után visszaeső diffúz nagy B-sejtes limfómás beteg
sikeres kezelését mutatják be a szerzők rituximab-bendamustin-venetoclax
kombinációs indukciós terápiával, amit 1 éves fenntartó venetoclaxkezelés
követett. A beteg a kezelést végig jól tolerálta, tartós remisszió alakult ki.
Az eset jól példázza, hogy az új kismolekulák alkalmazása nemcsak az
indukcióban, hanem fenntartó kezelésként is szóba jöhet egyes betegekben.

Summary. Treatment of patients with relapse of diffuse large B-cell
lymphoma after autologous stem cell transplantation is a major challenge.
Recently used small molecules and CAR-T-cell therapy are promising treatment
options, but are not always available, and can only be used in certain groups of
patients. In this paper the authors demonstrate the successful treatment of a
relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient after autologous hematopoietic
stem cell transplantation with rituximab-bendamustine-venetoclax induction
therapy for 6 cycles, followed by 12 months venetoclax maintenance therapy. The
patient tolerated the induction and maintenance well, a sustained complete
remission was achieved. The case highlights the possible implication of the
novel small molecules not only in induction but maintenance treatment as
well.
AKAD MUDHARABAH SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PENDANAAN DAN PEMBIAYAAN DI LEMBAGA KEUANGAN SYARIAH
Authors: Hidayat Asep Dadang , Sar’an Mohamad
Published: January 2021

Abstract: Islamic financial institutions grow and develop in Indonesia in line with regulations issued by the government after the promulgation of Law no. 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking. This study aims to discuss the Mudharabah Instrument agreement as Funding and Financing in Islamic Financial Institutions. This research includes using normative juridical methods and qualitative approaches. Data sources refer to books, documents, and other relevant written sources. The results of this study indicate that although mudharabah is not explicitly presented in the Al-Qur'an and As-Sunnah, most of the scholars are considered as the operational foundation of Islamic financial institutions. However, the development of the Mudharabah Akad Concept in Islamic Financial Institutions is still needed by the concept of modern economic development.
AKAD RAHN TASJILY PADA GADAI TANAH PERTANIAN DI PEGADAIAN SYARIAH
Authors: Tektona Rahmadi Indra , Susanti Dyah Ochtorina
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This research is motivated by there is an extension of the collateral object, apart from movable, but also immovable assets including farmland which can be applied using the Rahn Tasjily contract. In this regard, in its implementation, it is necessary to analyze whether Rahn Tasjily's contract on pawning of farmland is in accordance with one of the purpose of Islamic law, namely protection of property (hifz al-mal). The purpose of this research is for seeing and understanding the suitability of the Rahn Tasjily pawning farmland with the objectives of Islamic law (hifz al-mal perspective). Research that uses the normative legal research with the statute approach, and conceptual approach, results in Rahn Tasjily pawning farmland provides benefits and protection of property for farmers (rahin), sharia pawnshop (murtahin), and farmland certificate (marhun), and this is certainly in accordance with one of the objectives of Islamic law, namely protection of property (hifz al-mal).
PELANGGARAN PRINSIP TANGGUNGJAWAB PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI INVESTASI PERSPEKTIF PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN DAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH
Authors: Susanto Yoghi Arief , Sumiyati Yeti
Published: January 2021

Abstract: The Board of Directors is an organ of the company responsible for the performance of the company, which in its duties must adhere to fiduciary duties, duties of skill and statutory duties. The purpose of this research is First, to review the responsibility of the board of directors of PT. Asabri against high-risk investments based on the laws and principles of Sharia economic law, Second, to review sanctions against violations of the principle of responsibility committed by the board of directors of PT. Asabri for high-risk investments. The method used in this research is normative juridical, analytical descriptive research specification with systematic interpretation data analysis method. The results of this study concluded. First, the responsibility of the board of directors of PT. Asabri is a personal responsibility, and responsibility in a rented way with members of the board of directors of PT. Asabri because of his negligence and indiction violated the principle of responsibility and violated the principle of Sharia economic law, thereby harming the company and having to reimburse a certain amount of losses. Second, sanctions against violations of the principle of responsibility, namely civil sanctions based on articles 1365 and 1366 of the Criminal Code, and criminal sanctions if the actions of the directors do not comply with the principle of responsibility can be ensnared with articles 398 and 399 of the Criminal Code.
Branding hospitals on social media through health professionals
Authors: Aguerrebere Pablo Medina
Published: January 2021

Hospitals are facing a constantly changing context in which patients are becoming more demanding, public health education initiatives are regarded as increasingly important and hospital business models have to take account of constantly developing medical technologies. In order to better interact with internal and external stakeholders, hospitals try to reinforce their corporate communication strategies as well as their brand reputation by means that include using social media platforms. This literature review paper aims to better understand why health professionals have the potential to play a key role in hospitals’ branding initiatives through social media. First, I report the findings from studies of concepts related to corporate communication, branding and the connection between social media and personal branding; and, second, I propose a communication model – what I call the PMA branding model – to help hospitals build a brand reputation based on health professionals’ participation in corporate communication initiatives led by hospitals on social media. The paper concludes by showing that the PMA branding model consists of organisational tools based on a rigorous methodology that will help health professionals participate in branding initiatives led by the hospital through these platforms.
Reporting on individual experience
Authors: Zabielska Magdalena
Published: January 2021

This paper proposes a new model for a patient-centred medical case report. Patient-centred approaches adopt the patient's perspective and emphasise the individual's experience of illness, and are intended to answer criticisms that medical texts for professionals, by focusing solely on a disease phenomenon presented within a framework of biomedical reasoning, depersonalise the patient and fail to engage in patient advocacy. The paper provides a systematic review of the most important strands in research on medical case reporting, taking a socio-cultural approach that focuses specifically on the evolution of the genre and on existing examples of patient-centredness that could form a basis for the new model. The aim here is to offer the first systematised proposal containing guidelines already available in the literature, as well as to provide recommendations on how to write about patients in medical case reports in way that does not depersonalise them.
The Language of Inequality in the News: A Discourse Analytic Approach By M. Toolan (2018)
Authors: Ras Ilse Astrid
Published: January 2021

The Language of Inequality in the News: A Discourse Analytic Approach By M. Toolan (2018) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 242pp.
Subverting Transphobia and Challenging Ignorance
Authors: Jones Lucy
Published: January 2021

In this article, I present two moments of interaction emerging from a focus group between young people who are members of a community of practice: a support group for transgender youth and their parents. Using discourse analysis, I demonstrate how the young people work collaboratively to construct a mutual identity, which foregrounds their shared experience of transgender issues and minimises differences between them. I argue that they do this to actively challenge and resist the discrimination they experience due to transphobia and ignorance, which includes attempts to ‘other’ them. I show how the young people ascribe themselves agency by subverting the heteronormative ideologies which inform this othering, thus constructing an active, resistant and validated mutual identity rather than a victimised, submissive or othered one. This identity work tells us much about the hugely important role played by support groups in helping young people to construct a positive persona in the face of transphobic discrimination.
Racialised Voices of Maghrebi-French Women in Films
Authors: Planchenault Gaëlle
Published: January 2021

Performances in the media (Bell and Gibson 2011; Bucholtz and Lopez 2011) are rich multimodal resources, which enable the analyst to look into the social practice of language ideologies and highlight discursive strategies that contribute to unequal power relations in society. This article examines the overt and covert racialisation of Maghrebi-French female voices in French films. After analysing the discursive patterns associated with migrant women of first and second generations (mothers and daughters), it brings to the forefront the processes by which their voices are marked, arguing that they perpetuate discriminatory discourses of gender and race. It finally considers the dynamics between the erasure/racialisation of ethnic voices in films and politics of recognition in society (Fraser 2001).
British accent perceptions and attributions of guilt by native and non-native speakers
Authors: Axer Gaby
Published: January 2021

This paper uses the matched-guise technique to analyse the impact of accent perception in the context of suspect interrogation. Three native speakers of British English and one of Norwegian recorded a suspect's statement in a version as close as possible to standard English as well as in their strongest accented pronunciation of English. These recordings were rated by native speakers of English (NSs) and German learners of English (non-native speakers, NNSs) regarding competence, social attractiveness, credibility/guilt and standardness. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of these ratings shows evidence for accented speakers being rated less competent, but more socially attractive and more likely to be guilty than their standard counterparts. Moreover, NNSs’ ratings were significantly higher for competence and guilt in the standard guises, as well as social attractiveness and guilt in the accent guises, while NSs twice as often reported pronunciation/accent having influenced their ratings. This study also found that specific regional stereotypes were less important compared to the perceived degree of standardness.
Linguistic discrimination across neighbourhoods
Authors: Du Bois Inke
Published: January 2021

This paper reports on the effects of foreign accents and names on the chance of receiving an apartment viewing in the city of Bremen in Germany. Almost 300 phone calls were placed in four different city districts with a Turkish, USAmerican and German name and accent and a Turkish name and Standard German. The analysis shows intra-urban differences: in the more prestigious neighbourhood, Turkish-accented callers had significantly lower chances of getting a viewing. In all but one city district, the Standard German callers received the most viewing appointments, and the American English-accented callers had more chances than the Turkish callers speaking Standard German. A discourse analysis of an excerpt from an apartment application conversation shows how power relations are reproduced at a discourse level. Overall, this study confirms that gatekeeping selection processes via linguistic profiling can lead to the maintenance of ethnolinguistic boundaries and segregation within the city.
The social deixis of gender boundaries
Authors: Kersten-Pejanić Roswitha
Published: January 2021

This article studies aspects of the multi-layered role of language in establishing and maintaining a social order based on gender. Gendered person appellations are traditionally seen as person reference, an interpretation loaded with essentialist views of gender that hardly comply with current gender theories. By taking a close look at the Croatian context, this article analyses the indexical meaning and active role of language use in normalising dominant gender norms. Slavic languages have played a minor role in international discussions on gender and language. However, they convincingly allow us to show how indexical functions of language use are integrated in and contribute to gendered perceptions of people in general. For this, an interdisciplinary approach is taken that alludes to both the production and the perception of this specific dimension of social deixis by (1) evaluating the linguistic norm of person appellation as found in a leading conservative newspaper, and (2) testing the perception of these normalised appellation forms against alternative person-naming practices in an online-based questionnaire. As highlighted in this article, the making of linguistically manifest gender boundaries is clearly observable in research on a language possessing rigid grammatical rules of gender marking in person appellation, such as Croatian.
The Struggle for Spiritual Authority from the Holy Land to Indonesia: Reference from the Tarekat Naqshabandiyya Jabal Hindi (TNJH) in North Sumatra
Authors: Khoir Rambe Uqbatul , Damanik Nurliana , M Harahap Aprilinda
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the struggle for spiritual authority between Sulaymān al-Zuhdī as “Shaykh Jabal Abi Qubais” and Khalil Hamdi Basya as “Shaykh Jabal Hindi.” The conflict occurred in several stages from the beginning, and finally, Hamdi Basya moved on to Sulaymān al-Zuhdī. Although this clash of the leadership in the Tarekat Naqshabandiyya Khālidiyya (TNK) occurred in the holy land in Mecca, it also influences Indonesia. While the Tarekat Naqshabandiyya Jabal Abi Qubis (TNJAQ) network is barely found in Indonesia, the trail of the Tarekat Naqshabandiyya Jabal Hindi (TNJH) was encountered. By analyzing through a historical approach and interviewing several authoritative individuals, the research discovered that TNJH has been developing in Indonesia, especially in North Sumatra, and has widely spread within some areas, particularly Medan, Binjai, and Deli Serdang. It was also found that this Sufi order primaries the balance of dhikr al-qalb and dhikr al-‘aql by mentioning Allah and paying attention to the creation in the process of tazkīyat al-nafs.
The Construction of Negative Theology in Pesantren and Madrasa in Malang, East Java
Authors: Bosra Mustari , Umiarso Umiarso
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the metaphysical construction of divinity in the Indonesian Islamic education institutions, namely madrasa and pesantren. The research has been held in Malang, East Java. It focuses on constructing the negative concept of theology that grows and develops in these Islamic education institutions. In doing so, this study employs a qualitative approach coupled with Miles’ and Hubermann’s data analysis. The study finds that negative theological discourse is an arena of “prophetization” of the divine values ​​whose style of expression is apophatic. Therefore, it constructs its theological knowledge based on the logic of negation and paradox. It also “rejects” the knowledge construction for the same reason. This view affects the system of Islamic education and the framework of its educational objectives to be more oriented to the aspects of humanity and divinity or the profane and transcendental dimension. In other words, negative theology has implications for the axiology of Islamic education.
Preservação da identidade cultural de produtos regionais
Authors: Góes da Conceição Jamille , De Freitas Barbosa Ana Gabriela , De Matos Mendes da Silva Isabella , De Freitas Fernanda , Macedo Almeida Camilo Valeria
Published: January 2021

Introdução: A preservação de alimentos tradicionais disponibiliza para omercado alimentos com caráter simbólico, representantes do patrimônio alimentar ecom qualidades específicas. Sendo assim, a padronização do processo produtivoatravés da Ficha Técnica de Preparo, representa uma alternativa viável para preservaras características regionais dos produtos. Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou elaborarFichas Técnicas de Preparo de produtos regionais, como um instrumento depromoção de qualidade e de preservação de práticas e saberes locais de preparaçõeselaboradas por uma cooperativa na região do Baixo Sul, Bahia. Método: Inicialmenterealizou-se visita in loco visando caracterizar os locais de produção dos alimentos eos grupos de agricultoras participantes da cooperativa, posteriormente realizou-se aaplicação de formulário para estabelecer os critérios de seleção das preparações. Emseguida foram escolhidos cinco produtos para serem padronizados, logo apósrealizou-se o acompanhamento da produção, seguido da elaboração das FichasTécnica de Preparo. Resultados: Elaborou-se Fichas Técnicas de Preparo da balade jenipapo, beiju de amendoim, biscoito de banana sem açúcar, biscoito de goma egeléia de cacau. A produção é 100% artesanal e possui grande valor cultural, pois sãoelaborados a partir de matérias-primas presentes no território seguindo a tradição,cujas práticas culinárias são compartilhadas entre os familiares por gerações.Conclusão: A elaboração das Fichas Técnicas de Preparo possibilitou padronizar aspreparações regionais, contribuindo para a qualidade, bem como para a diminuiçãodo desperdício de matéria-prima, aproveitamento dos recursos disponíveis na região,redução de custos, desenvolvimento local e preservação da identidade cultural daspreparações elaboradas pela cooperativa.
Influence of fly ash on the properties of magnesium oxysulfate cement
Authors: Wang Nan , Yu Hongfa , Bi Wanli , Gong Wei , Zhang Na , Tan Yongshan , Wu Chenyou
Published: January 2021

Fly ash is the main solid waste produced from coal-fired power plants, which has been extensively used as a mineral admixture for concrete and cement. In this paper, the effects of fly ash on the compressive strength, water resistance, setting time, phase composition and microstructure of magnesium oxysulfate (MOS) cement modified with 0.5% sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) were investigated. X-ray diffraction and the Rietveld method were used to analyze the phase composition. Scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry were conducted to characterize the microstructure. The results reveal that the addition of fly ash can decrease the compressive strength but improve the water resistance of MOS cement. Due to the dilution effect of fly ash, the setting time of MOS cement increases with the increase in the amount of fly ash. Although the filling effect or pozzolanic effect of fly ash brings an improvement in the microstructure of MOS cement, the addition of fly ash reduces the formation amount of 5Mg(OH)2·MgSO4·7H2O, which is an important factor affecting the strength development of MOS cement.
Sistema Agroalimentar Localizado e Desenvolvimento Territorial Sustentável: um estudo da experiência dos produtores de cachaça do município de Morretes - PR
Authors: Menezes Elaine Cristina de Oliveira , Curvelo Eder Bruno Couto , Deretti Sandro
Published: January 2021

O objetivo do estudo é o de analisar a trajetória de evolução da produção de cachaça de Morretes, como se organizam os produtores e quais têm sido os obstáculos à incorporação da dimensão socioambiental em tais práticas produtivas. Este estudo tem como pano de fundo o conceito orientador do Desenvolvimento Territorial Sustentável (DTS), apoiado nas dimensões socioeconômica e sociocultural, mobilizando as abordagens teóricas do Sistema Agroalimentar Localizado (SIAL). Para compreender as atividades dos produtores de cachaça de Morretes, foi necessário incorporar a dimensão da sustentabilidade, baseada no enfoque do ecodesenvolvimento. A pesquisa tem caráter empírico, pautada em uma abordagem predominantemente qualitativa. É um estudo exploratório-descritivo, utilizando-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, documental, e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados do estudo demonstraram que os elementos que caracterizam o SIAL para a produção de cachaça de Morretes são frágeis, sendo insuficientes para sua consolidação. O segmento estudado é uma aglomeração produtiva em que os recursos específicos foram parcialmente ativados. Para promover o DTS, é preciso que os atores locais fortaleçam seus vínculos e trabalhem em busca de uma estratégia coletiva, que beneficie todos os engenhos de cachaça da região. A participação do poder público e das instituições de fomento é fundamental, principalmente, na formulação de políticas públicas efetivas, que favoreçam essa importante atividade regional.
Crianças economicamente ativas e em trabalho infantil nos estados da região Sul brasileira
Authors: Souza Edicleia Lopes da Cruz , Stadutto Jefferson Andronio Ramundo , Stoffel Jaime Antonio
Published: January 2021

O artigo teve como objetivo discutir o trabalho infantil nos estados da região Sul do Brasil à luz dos conceitos de criança economicamente ativa e criança em condição de trabalho infantil. Para tanto, utilizou-se do conceito de trabalho infantil da Organização Internacional do Trabalho e dos microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio de 2015, referente às crianças e adolescentes de 5 a 17 anos. Constatou-se que havia na região Sul do Brasil, no referido ano, mais de 500 mil crianças e adolescentes desta faixa etária, economicamente ativos. Em termos de proporção, significa que de todas as crianças e adolescentes existentes nos estados dessa região, cerca de 10% estavam engajadas em atividades econômicas, destacando o Rio Grande do Sul. Em condição de trabalho infantil estavam mais de 210 mil indivíduos, sendo a maioria de adolescentes com 15 a 17 anos, dentre os quais havia, inclusive, aqueles com carga horária de trabalho superior a 50 horas semanais. Isto importa que as medidas de combate ao trabalho infantil devem ter olhar atento também aos adolescentes com idade acima de 15 anos, pois além de estarem em condição de trabalho infantil, muitos estão inseridos em ocupações consideradas perigosas e prejudiciais ao seu desenvolvimento.
Expansão das receitas próprias: análise das alternativas dos municípios do COREDE Vale do Rio Pardo – RS
Authors: Bender Reisoli Filho , Ravanello Mariângela
Published: January 2021

O momento de instabilidade econômica impõe desafios cada vez maiores à gestão dos municípios, interferindo diretamente na arrecadação tributária. A partir deste cenário, estruturou-se o objetivo de analisar alternativas à expansão da arrecadação própria dos municípios do COREDE Vale do Rio Pardo, no período de 2009 à 2016. Metodologicamente, trata-se de estudo descritivo, de cunho quanti-qualitativo, cujo método de abordagem é analítico-comparativo, aplicado à análise dos 23 municípios que foram estratificados em três grupos, conforme faixa populacional: grupo 3, municípios com população inferior a 10.000 habitantes; grupo 2, entre 10.000 e 50.000 habitantes e; grupo 1, maiores de 50.000 habitantes. Os resultados demonstraram que os grupos 2 e 3 possuem atividade econômica pouco expressiva, basicamente rural, inexpressiva participação na arrecadação própria, de 2,52 e 5,35%, respectivamente, precária estrutura organizacional do setor tributário e quadro singular de profissionais; já no grupo 1, os municípios são mais estruturados economicamente e a arrecadação própria atingiu média de 11,68%. Ademais, constatou-se que os municípios dos grupos 2 e 3 estão na fase inicial de implementação de ações, porém estão buscando alavancar a arrecadação própria, mesmo que ainda, caso da maioria, não tenham se adequado as exigências normatizadas pelo TCE/RS.
Desigualdades territoriales y migración: consecuencias sociodemográficas y líneas de acción para la región Otomí-Tepehua (Hidalgo, México)
Authors: Manetta Alex , Avilés Tomás Serrano
Published: January 2021

O artigo propõe uma contribuição aos estudos sobre migração e desenvolvimento na região Otomí-Tepehua (Hidalgo, México). Reconhece-se um problema que relaciona as características sócio territoriais da área com a percepção de fatores de expulsão da população jovem, o que leva a uma perda sistemática da força de trabalho e ao reforço de desvantagens regionais comparativas. Com base na pesquisa bibliográfica e quantitativa, foi realizado um diagnóstico que permite a aplicação da metodologia do marco lógico, identificando-se os principais temas que direcionam as linhas de ação para a mitigação da emigração. De acordo com os resultados, somente por meio da pesquisa, da inovação, da cooperação comunitária e interinstitucional esses objetivos podem ser alcançados. No entanto, trata-se de um trabalho a ser realizado a longo prazo e que deve ser resolvido em áreas menos exploradas das políticas públicas tradicionais, como possibilidade de um desenvolvimento integral, participativo e sustentável.
A proteção jurídica de artesanias certificadas com registro de Indicação Geográfica e o caso da certificação do artesanato do capim dourado das comunidades tradicionais do Jalapão (TO)
Authors: Pizzio Alex , Iglesias Aline Marinho Bailão
Published: January 2021

O advento da globalização econômica ampliou o campo de possibilidades de ações com vistas ao desenvolvimento regional. Nesse sentido, muitas regiões têm apostado na implantação do registro de Indicação Geográfica como instrumento capaz de aumentar o dinamismo econômico, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento em termos econômico e social. O objetivo do artigo é avaliar se o registro de Indicação Geográfica de produtos do artesanato é uma ferramenta eficaz na proteção desses produtos e no desenvolvimento sociocomunitário. Na primeira parte do artigo, fazemos uma breve revisão acerca das normas e mecanismos de proteção relacionados à Propriedade Industrial. Na segunda parte, realizamos uma análise a partir de um caso concreto: as artesanias certificadas de capim dourado produzidas pelas comunidades tradicionais do Jalapão, no Tocantins. Os resultados do estudo assinalam que mesmo um instrumento de valoração e proteção de produtos e serviços difundido em escala global, como a IG, oferece uma proteção apenas parcial às artesanias de capim dourado, uma vez que não conseguem coibir infrações como a utilização de recursos naturais protegidos sem a devida autorização, a apropriação de saberes tradicionais e de recursos simbólicos por parte de terceiros e a comercialização de produtos pirateados em mercados internacionais.
Movimentos de Emigração de Mulheres Rurais em Itapejara d’Oeste/PR: enfrentando relações de poder patriarcais
Authors: Wedig Josiane Carine , Ternoski Simão , Perondi Miguel Angelo , Kiyota Norma
Published: January 2021

Este artigo analisa as relações de poder, saber e ser que, desde o colonialismo, constituíram hierarquias em torno das classificações de gênero. Nossa cultura rotula como não civilizada e não humana aquelas(es) que não se enquadram no modelo hegemônico, esse rótulo é usado para entender o papel da mulher no meio rural. Nas áreas rurais, as mulheres modernas buscam romper com as relações de poder estabelecidas, procuram maior independência e acesso à liderança pública. Diante dessas questões, vale a pena perguntar: quais são os fatores que empoderam as mulheres rurais? Observa-se que a escolaridade e as alternativas de renda não agrícola possibilitam quebrar sua invisibilidade nos estabelecimentos rurais. Para a construção da análise, são apresentados os dados estatísticos de uma amostra de 95 casos da população rural de Itapejara d'Oeste/PR, cujo levantamento inicial foi realizado em 2005 e posteriormente atualizado em 2010 e 2015, nesta análise, utilizou-se de ferramentas econométricas, com base no modelo de variável limitada dependente (MVLD). Os resultados indicaram a ocorrência de uma maior emigração de mulheres relacionadas à maior escolaridade, bem como uma redução dessa emigração quando as mulheres passaram a ter maior acesso a rendimentos não agrícolas no meio rural. Ambas as formas de acesso ao espaço público deram às mulheres rurais maior independência e provavelmente ajudaram a sair de sua invisibilidade.
Curriculum reform as a driver for change in higher education: the case of South Africa
Authors: Kloot Bruce
Published: January 2021

A recent proposal by the Council for Higher Education (CHE) outlines a solution to the persistently low and racially skewed completion rates in South African higher education. This involves lengthening the curricula of all qualifications through the insertion of 120 credits of ‘foundational provision’. This article provides a critique of this strategy by exploring its origins and placing South African efforts at improving student access and success in the international context. It draws on the narratives of two academics, one a top research professor and the other a foundation programme lecturer, employing the theoretical lens of Pierre Bourdieu to examine higher education as a social space or field. This analysis suggests that the power structure of higher education itself is likely to constrain the effectiveness of the CHE’s proposal and ultimately fail to shift the low and racially skewed completion rates that plague South African higher education.
Expressing New Rule: Seals from Early Islamic Egypt and Syria, 600–800 CE
Authors: Sijpesteijn Petra M.
Published: January 2021

This article explores the usage, imagery, and linguistic expressions found on seals produced in the early Muslim empire and reveals how these developed from the seventh century to the ninth. Comparing Islamic and preIslamic samples exposes continuities and changes in sealing practices among Byzantine, Sasanian, and Arabian cultures and shows how these developments can be linked to the underlying ideologies and ambitions of Muslim authorities. In particular, it explains how and why different practices unfolded in Egypt and the Levant, and compares this phenomenon to the dissemination of shared forms throughout the Muslim empire, with particular reference to the rich material from Khurasan in the east and al-Andalus in the west.
Permeable Membranes: Classical Astronomy, Pan-Mediterranean Iconography, and Their Carolingian Appropriation in the Leiden Aratea
Authors: Ramírez-Weaver Eric
Published: January 2021

The Leiden Aratea supplies a quintessential example of classically-inspired astronomical manuscript illumination at the Carolingian court of Louis the Pious in Aachen. This reappraisal highlights the ways that it adapts a broader Mediterranean inheritance for the specific needs and projects of the royal capital, offering an example of Roland Robertson's sociological theory of glocalization.
From the Bosphorus to the Atlantic: Genoese Responses to the Ottoman Conquest
Authors: Rohan Padraic
Published: January 2021

In the Ottoman rise, the Genoese lost their maritime empire, but many Genoese stayed on as Ottoman subjects. This article examines the 1455 Ottoman survey of Istanbul alongside Latin sources, arguing that the incentives and opportunities the Ottomans offered to the Genoese to remain after the conquest faded in the decades after 1453, during which the Genoese presence in Ottoman lands contracted, while it burgeoned in Spain and the Atlantic.
Messaging and Memory: Notes from Medieval Ifrīqiya and Sicily
Authors: Metcalfe Alex
Published: January 2021

This essay examines the practice of messaging and the sending of note-form missives. It does so from the particular perspective of the medieval western Mediterranean where evidence for messages not only shows their importance as fast and direct forms of communication, but also points to their formative role in later historical memory. The article has a dual focus: first it examines the notes sent between the Fatimid caliph and his chief minister, Jawdhar, before turning to explore the use of messaging during the Norman conquest of Sicily.
Special Issue of The Medieval Globe: Medieval Re-Creations: Acts of Recycling, Revision, and Relocation
Authors: Shack Joseph , Weaver Hannah
Published: January 2021

The creative reuse of materials, texts, and ideas was a common phenomenon in the medieval world. The essays in this volume offer a synchronic and diachronic consideration of the receptions and meanings of events and artifacts, analyzing the processes that allowed medieval works to remain relevant in sociocultural contexts far removed from those in which they originated. In the process, they elucidate the global valences of recycling, revision, and relocation throughout the interconnected Middle Ages, and their continued relevance for the shaping of modernity.
Biblical Apocrypha as Medieval World Literature
Authors: Hawk Brandon W.
Published: January 2021

This article examines biblical apocrypha as cases for reconsidering literary history concerning the wider scope of the global Middle Ages. The Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew and Fifteen Signs before Judgment show how apocrypha were dynamic in the early medieval period, as they participated in a complex network of transmission across Afro-Eurasia.
Alterity and Occidentalism in Fourteenth-Century Icelandic Texts: Narratives of Travel, Conversion, and Dehumanization
Authors: Vídalín Arngrímur
Published: January 2021

This article analyses five fourteenth-century Old Norse travel narratives in light of the learned geographical tradition of medieval Iceland. Three of the narratives, Þorvalds þáttr víðfǫrla, Eiríks saga víðfǫrla, and Yngvars saga víðfǫrla, focus on the travels of Nordic people to eastern Europe and Asia; while the latter two, Eiríks saga rauða and Grœnlendinga saga, tell of travels to the continent later named North America. While the travels to the East deal with pilgrimage and the search for the terrestrial Paradise in the service of individual salvation and missionary activities in Scandinavia and Iceland more specifically, the travels to the West are focused on the violent conquest and Christianization of newfound peripheral areas and their peoples. What these narratives have in common, and owe to the learned (Plinian) tradition, is their dehumanized view of foreign and strange people: the giants and monsters of the East, and the skrælingar (indigenous peoples) and einfœtingar (sciopods) of the West. In these sagas travels to the East, while dangerous, introduce heroes to courtly manners, encyclopedic knowledge, and salvation; whereas travels to the West lead to mayhem and death and all attempts at settlement there fail miserably, making Greenland the westernmost outpost of Christianity in the world. This article aims to show how this learned tradition was adapted for use in saga literature to contrast the monstrous and heathen periphery with the more central and piously Christian Iceland.
Europeanization on the Move
Authors: Baer Monika
Published: January 2021

Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in Wrocław, Poland, the paper analyzes grassroots workings of European sexual citizenship. Against this backdrop, it attempts to problematize a concept of Europeanization as vertical and horizontal diffusion which spreads specific ideas, practices, and institutions among actual and prospective EU Member States. Whereas (neo)liberal LGBT rights, seen as a symbol of Europeanness, have definitely inspired struggles for sexual freedom in Poland, abstract notions of Europe and Europeanization do not form an important point of reference, at least at a local level. Moreover, premises of European sexual citizenship are in many ways contested by non-heteronormative persons unwilling (or unable) to use this frame for the conceptualization of their own experiences. On the other hand, because the EU and neoliberalism constitute significant antagonists of Polish right-wing nationalism, this allows for a certain resignification of interrelated phenomena criticized elsewhere as ‘homonormative’ and ‘homonationalist.’ While these phenomena undoubtedly trigger specific inclusions and exclusions, they also have the potential to contribute to critical citizenship. Consequently, instead of grasping Europeanization in a teleological way, the paper argues for taking it as an image that may fuel social change, variously conceived of.
Demobilization Processes
Authors: Susánszky Pál
Published: January 2021

There is abundant literature on individual-level characteristics that encourage citizens to participate in political demonstrations. However, empirical studies on demobilization and factors that prevent people from joining protests remain scarce. In this paper, I zero in on the perceived risks of political participation. Two questions are examined: first, how protest willingness is shaped by perceived risks, and second, what political and socio-economic factors explain risk perception. I answer these questions using the representative sample of 800 Hungarian university students from the Active Youth Survey (2019). Hungary has a special position in Europe because it is defined neither as a liberal democracy nor as sheer autocracy, but an ‘illiberal regime’. In non-democratic illiberal societies the state does not apply overt repressive techniques against dissident groups, although protest participation is still not a riskless form of political action, as regarded in developed democracies. I apply logistic regression models to predict both protest willingness and perceived risks of protest. Results confirm the importance of risks in extra-parliamentary protest politics, since almost half of the university students see their participation in demonstrations as somewhat risky. Regression models show that perceived risks are to some extent politicized, but risks have their own significant role in explaining protest (un)willingness.
Geometric Method for Estimating Coral Surface Area Using Image Analysis v1
Authors: Mclachlan Rowan , G Grottoli Andrea
Published: January 2021

This protocol outlines a non-destructive geometric method for estimating the surface area of Scleractinian coral samples with relatively simple morphologies (e.g., not densely branching). The geometric method was one of the earliest used for estimating the surface area of marine organisms (Odum et al. 1958). The basic principle of this method involves selecting geometric shapes or forms which closely resemble the morphology of a coral fragment (e.g., cylinders, cones, pyramids, hemispheres etc.), measuring the dimensional parameters of the coral, and applying the area equation for a given geometric shape to obtain the surface area estimate for the coral. This method has been commonly used in coral research previously (Szmant-Froelich 1985; Roberts and Ormond 1987; Babcock 1991; Bak and Meesters 1998; Naumann et al. 2009). In this protocol, two examples are given: one for a branching Porites compressa colony, and one for a massive/mounding Porites lobata colony. There are three parts to estimating colony surface area: 1) photographing coral fragments, 2) image analysis, and 3) calculation of colony surface area using geometric equations. This protocol was written by Rowan McLachlan and was reviewed by Dr. Andréa Grottoli. Acknowledgments: I would like to thank Dr. Mia Hoogenboom and Dr. Allison Paley for introducing me to this geometric method at James Cook University, Queensland, Australia. References: - Babcock RC (1991) Comparative demography of three species of scleractinian corals using age- and size-dependent classifications. Ecol Monogr 61:225–244 - Bak RPM, Meesters EH (1998) Coral population structure: the hidden information of colony size-frequency distributions. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 162:301–306 - Naumann MS, Niggl W, Laforsch C, Glaser C, Wild C (2009) Coral surface area quantification-evaluation of established techniques by comparison with computer tomography. Coral Reefs 28:109–117 - Odum EP, Kuenzler EJ, Blunt MX (1958) Uptake of P32 and primary productivity in marine benthic algae. Limnol Oceanogr 3:340–345 - Roberts CM, Ormond RFG (1987) Habitat complexity and coral-reef fish diversity and abundance on Red-Sea fringing reefs. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 41:1–8 - Szmant-Froelich A (1985) The effect of colony size on the reproductive ability of the Caribbean coral Montastraea annularis (Ellis and Solander). Proc 5th Int Coral Reef Symp 4:295–300
Amino Acids in Prospective Feeds for Fish Aquaculture: a Review of Experimental Data
Authors: Kolmakov Vladimir I. , Kolmakova Anzhelika A.
Published: January 2021

Total dependence of aquaculture on imports of feeds can significantly compromise Russia’s food supply security; hence the task of designing new domestic feeds is of primary importance. A major challenge of world aquaculture is providing fish with a balanced diet, in particular, with a well-balanced composition of amino acids. In this review, we analyze international publications on the composition of amino acids in fish feed over the last two years. We summarize the data on the amino acid composition of prospective food sources for fish aquaculture: agricultural crops, insects, annelids, higher crustaceans, animal waste, phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrophytes, and microorganisms. We performed a comparative analysis of the composition of amino acids in promising aquafeed sources and fish flour traditionally used for fish feeding. Based on the results, we conclude that each of the examined food sources can be used as a component of fish nutrition and offers realistic prospects for production of alternative feeds. To ensure high quality of fish aquaculture products, the priority should be given to development of technologies which allow to control amino acid feed composition during the production process with respect to fish species-specific needs. It is hoped that this review will be useful to researchers and practitioners involved in designing and producing new domestic aquafeed for fish
The Relationship between Integrated Biochemical Index and Content of Organochlorine Xenobiotics in the Liver of the Black Scorpion Fish Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758, from Sevastopol Bays and Coastal Areas
Authors: Malakhova Ludmila V. , Skuratovskaya Ekaterina N. , Malakhova Tatiana V. , Lobko Veronika V.
Published: January 2021

Despite the ban on the use of organochlorine compounds (OCs), they are still widely distributed in various components of the Black Sea ecosystem, including fish. Sevastopol marine area, as a region of active economic use, is subject to significant anthropogenic impact. To assess the condition of the Black Sea scorpion fish Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758, from Sevastopol bays (Aleksandrovskaya, Streletskaya, Balaklavskaya, and Kazach’ia) and coastal areas (Laspi bay and Lyubimovka region), the liver of fish was analyzed to compare integrated biomarker response (IBR) and the concentrations of OCs: six indicator congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCB6) and organochlorine pesticides – р,p’-DDT and its metabolites p,p’-DDE and p,p’-DDD (ΣDDT). High concentrations of PCBs and DDTs were found in fish liver from Alexandrovskaya and Streletskaya bays, which are subject to significant anthropogenic impact: 2044 and 2019 ng/g wet weight for ΣPCB6 and 162 and 319 ng/g wet weight for ΣDDT, respectively. To determine the response of scorpion fish to the level of pollution, the liver of fish was analyzed to measure such biochemical markers as cholinesterase and catalase activities, albumin content, and the levels of oxidized proteins and lipid peroxidation. The set of these biochemical markers was used to calculate IBR. IBR correlated well with the ΣPCB6 concentration in sediments and liver of scorpion fish (r=0.95, p<0.05). The maximum IBR was determined in the most polluted Alexandrovskaya and Streletskaya bays, where it was two orders of magnitude higher than the IBR in Laspi bay. Based on IBR values, the fish from Laspi and Kazach’ia bays and from the coastal area of Lyubimovka were in better condition than the fish from Alexandrovskaya, Streletskaya, and Balaklavskaya bays in summer seasons of 2016-2018
PROBLEMS OF CONVERTIBLE BONDS VALUATION IN IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS PROJECTS
Authors: Pidvysotskyi Yan V.
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the main approaches to estimating the value of convertible bonds, considering the factors of the event time and investor behavior. In the process of project implementation, there is often a need to finance costs that will ultimately contribute to increased cash flow. For an investor, there is a risk that he may not receive coupon payments or bond denomination on a timely basis or may not receive them partially or at all. For this purpose, a convertible bond offers a mechanism for the acquisition of a portion of the authorized capital of a project company by exchanging a specified number of bonds for the definite number of shares in proportion to the conversion rate. Right, but not obligation, gives the investor the flexibility to make the right strategic decision: get passive coupon revenue or participate in corporate governance. Such a decision should be properly evaluated and mathematically justified as it depends on the level of profitability and risk of the investor.