bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GHG Performance Evaluation in Green Deal Context
Authors: Zlaugotne Beate , Ievina Linda , Azis Reinis , Baranenko Denis , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: July 2020

Recently introduced European Green Deal has set a target for Europe to become the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. This ambitious commitment will bring a serious challenge for the EU. However, the degree of this challenge will not be the same to all EU member states. In this paper, the multi-criteria decision analysis is applied to rank eight selected EU countries (Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia, Finland and Sweden) regarding GHG performance, and thus illustrate different starting points of the transition to carbon-neutrality. In parallel to the widely used indicator of GHG emissions per capita, evaluation incorporates various other criteria covering energy consumption, population size, and the use of renewable energy and fossil fuel, as well as investment and tax rates. TOPSIS analysis shows that the best GHG performance is achieved by Sweden, while Latvia ranks the lowest. The presented evaluation method could be a useful tool in planning implementation of policies to reach Green Deal settings on European, as well as on a national level.
Solar Facade Module for Nearly Zero Energy Building. Extended Test Period
Authors: Mols Toms , Vanaga Ruta , Blumberga Andra
Published: July 2020

The study presented in this paper is a continued research of preceding tests of small-scale passive solar wall module to explore 1) the behaviour of solar wall module in various setups for an extended 48-hour period of time, and 2) the performance of solar module with and without fine metal wires as heat exchange enhancers. Eight different solar wall module setups were assembled and tested in a precisely controlled environment. The study reassures observations and conclusions made in previous research and provides new conclusions. Modules that can harvest more solar radiation in the charging phase are exposed to higher heat losses at the discharge phase to the external environment. Module setups that reach stable heat flow fast and respectively melt PCM volume effectively, create a problem of not managing to harvest more of the available solar radiation.
Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Methods Comparison
Authors: Zlaugotne Beate , Zihare Lauma , Balode Lauma , Kalnbalkite Antra , Khabdullin Aset , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: July 2020

Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is widely used to solve various decision problems through alternative evaluation. MCDA methods can be used in every field that can define a problem, alternatives and criteria. However, finding the appropriate method can influence the results, in this research five MCDA methods have been tested on the renewable energy sector in Latvia to find the best alternative. The main results showed that TOPSIS, VIKOR and PROMETHEE-GAIA have similar priority selection and the highest ranking was selected for hydropower plant, but MULTIMOORA and COPRAS results were beneficial to Solar PV.
Selection of Remote Phosphor Led Packages for Improving Luminous Flux
Authors: Chen Ming Jui , Lee Hsiao-Yi , Quoc Anh Nguyen Doan , Nguyen Thi Phuong Loan , Le Van Tho
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the first issue presented and analyzed by several experiments is the influence of the distance between phosphor layers in the dual-layer and triple-layer remote package on luminous flux and color rendering property. During the simulation, it was realized that it was possible to create a suitable distance to create higher quality white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) by adjusting the distance between the phosphor layers. According to the study results, 0.1 mm is the most reasonable distance between two phosphor layers so that the performance of the multi-chip white light LED (MCW LED) can get the best optimal effect. Through a series of experiments, it has been proved that the efficiency of the two-layer structure gives optical properties higher than the three-layer structure related to distance. The highest achievable lumen output is 0.6 mm for the triple-layer structure and 0.1 mm for dual-layer structure. Meanwhile, the color rendering index changes insignificantly when the distance increases. The triple-layer package is not practical for high-power white LEDs due to the high cost and low conversion efficiency. The dual-layer remote phosphor package with a 0.1 mm phosphorus gap is the optimal structure of WLED in improving luminous efficiency and color rendering index.  This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
Statics Analysis and Optimization Design for a Fixed-Guided Beam Flexure
Authors: Tran Ngoc Thoai , Dao Thanh-Phong
Published: July 2020

The ratchet mechanism has been used to ensure moving in one direction of rotation, i.e. either clockwise or counterclockwise. This mechanism is designed based on fixed-guided beam flexures to reduce friction and improves accuracy compared to the traditional mechanism. This paper presents a static analysis and parameter optimization for the fixed-guided beam flexures via using the pseudo-rigid-body model and a fmincon algorithm. The Finite Element Method (FEM) of the fixed-guided beam also has been used to verify the maximum stress and the x-direction displacement. Modified pseudorigid-body model (M-PRBM) is also applied to significantly enhance the accuracy of the maximum stress value. The results show that the averaged errors of maximum stress between MPRBM and FEM are 3.48% for aluminum, and less than 10.9% for titanium, carbon steel, and alloy steel. From the obtained results, the MPRBM is good for prototype design and fabrication of the ratchet mechanism in the future. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
A Sticky Bacterium Versus Antiadhesive Surfaces
Authors: Yoshimoto Shogo , Kawashiri Ayane , Matsushita Taishi , Ishii Satoshi , Göttig Stephan , Kempf Volkhard , Takai Madoka , Hori Katsutoshi
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by a virus has been posing a global threat to humanity and human society. It reminded us of the horror of infectious diseases. Pathogenic bacteria also cause infectious disease, but bacteria are not as much of a threat as viruses because antibiotics are effective against them. This is changing, however, with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The global expansion of multidrug-resistant bacteria has become a clinical problem, and the threat of bacterial infection would come back in the near future. The overuse of antibiotics amplifies the opportunity for resistant bacteria to emerge and spread. The increased antibiotic use during this COVID-19 pandemic could also increase the threat of resistant bacteria. As an alternative to antibiotics, antibiofouling surfaces have drawn intensive research interest and have been developed. Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5 exhibits high adhesiveness to various surfaces through AtaA, a member of the trimeric autotransporter adhesin (TAA) family. We examined the adhesion of Tol 5 and other bacteria expressing different TAAs to antiadhesive surfaces. The results highlighted Tol 5’s stickiness through AtaA, which enables cells to adhere even to antiadhesive materials including polytetrafluoroethylene with a low surface free energy, a hydrophilic polymer brush exerting steric hindrance, and mica with an ultrasmooth surface. Tol 5 cells also adhered to a zwitterionic 2-methacryloyloxyethyl-phosphorylcholine-polymer-coated surface but were exfoliated by a weak shear stress, suggesting that exchangeable bound water molecules contribute to AtaA’s interaction with materials.
Towards Ultracold Organic Chemistry: Prospects of Laser Cooling Large Organic Molecules
Authors: Ivanov Maxim , Bangerter Felix , Wójcik Paweł , Krylov Anna I.
Published: July 2020

Ultracold organic chemistry enables studies of reaction dynamics and mechanisms in quantum regime. Access to ultracold molecules hinges on the ability to efficiently scatter

multiple photons via quasi-closed cycling transitions and, in practice, is complicated by the complex electronic structure of polyatomic molecules. Using equation-of-motion coupled-cluster (EOM-CC) calculations, we demonstrate that an alkaline earth metal attached to various aromatic ligands (such as benzene, phenol, cyclopentadienyl and pyrrolide) feature nearly-closed cycling transitions with only a few additional repump lasers. We also show that aromatic ligands such as benzene can accommodate multiple cycling centers in various geometrical configurations and may open new avenues in quantum information science, precision measurements, and ultracold chemistry.
Iodine Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Furans and Pyrans: Reaction Scope and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Pace Domenic , Robidas Raphaël , Tran Uyen P. N. , Legault Claude , Nguyen Thanh Vinh
Published: July 2020

Substituted pyrans and furans are core structures found in a wide variety of natural products and biologically-active compounds. Herein, we report a practical and mild catalytic method for the synthesis of substituted pyrans and furans using molecular iodine, a simple and inexpensive catalyst. The method described herein is performed in solvent-free conditions in ambient temperature and atmosphere, thus offering a facile and green alternative to currently available reaction protocols. A combination of experimental studies and high‐level DFT calculations revealed interesting mechanistic insights of this seemingly simple reaction.
Illuminating Elite Patches of Chemical Space
Authors: Verhellen Jonas , Van den Abeele Jeriek
Published: July 2020

In the past few years, there has been considerable activity in both academic and industrial research to develop innovative machine learning approaches to locate novel, high-performing molecules in chemical space. Here we describe a new and fundamentally different type of approach that provides a holistic overview of how high-performing molecules are distributed throughout a search space. Based on an open-source, graph-based implementation [Jensen, Chem. Sci., 2019, 12, 3567-3572] of a traditional genetic algorithm for molecular optimisation, and influenced by state-of-the-art concepts from soft robot design [Mouret et al., IEEE Trans. Evolut. Comput., 2016, 22, 623-630], we provide an algorithm that (i) produces a large diversity of high-performing, yet qualitatively different molecules, (ii) illuminates the distribution of optimal solutions, and (iii) improves search efficiency compared to both machine learning and traditional genetic algorithm approaches.
Systematic Finite-Temperature Reduction of Crystal Energy Landscapes.
Authors: Francia Nicholas , Price Louise S. , Nyman Jonas , Price Sarah (Sally) , Salvalaglio Matteo
Published: July 2020

Crystal structure prediction methods are prone to overestimate the number of potential polymorphs of organic molecules. In this work, we aim to reduce the overprediction by systematically applying molecular dynamics simulations and biased sampling methods to cluster subsets of structures that can easily interconvert at finite temperature and pressure. Following this approach, we rationally reduce the number of predicted putative polymorphs in CSP-generated crystal energy landscapes. This uses an unsupervised clustering approach to analyze independent finite-temperature molecular dynamics trajectories and hence identify a representative structure of each cluster of distinct lattice energy minima that are effectively equivalent at finite temperature and pressure. Biased simulations are used to reduce the impact of limited sampling time and to estimate the work associated with polymorphic transformations. We demonstrate the proposed systematic approach by studying the polymorphs of urea and succinic acid, reducing an initial set of over 100 energetically plausible CSP structures to 12 and 27 respectively, including the experimentally known polymorphs. The simulations also indicate the types of disorder and stacking errors that may occur in real structures.
Patient-Derived Microvesicles/AIE Luminogen Hybrid System for Personalized Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy in Patient-Derived Xenograft Models
Authors: Zhu Daoming , Zheng Zheng , Suo Meng , liu zeming , Duo Yanhong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2020

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), as an efficient way of tumor treatment, has the advantages of deep tumor penetration and high therapeutic efficacy. However, developing efficient sonosensitizers are still challenging. AIEgen-based SDT has never been reported and it is urgent to develop novel AIEgen-active sonosensitizers. Furthermore, the AIEgen-based theranostic system is promisingly needed to be proved on PDX models to be closer to the clinic. Herein, we constructed the first AIEgen based SDT system and found that DCPy has advantages over traditional sonosensitizers in SDT. Then, a patient-derived MVs/AIEgen hybrid system prepared by electroporation was used for personalized SDT in bladder cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Impressively, AMVs displayed the superior tumor targeting ability and efficient personalized SDT therapy on PDX models, both of which were much more improved compared with PLGA/AIEgens nanoparticles and cell line-derived micro vesicles. This work presented the first example of an AIEgen-based hybrid system as sonosensitizer for SDT and provides new ideas for both the design of AIE-active sonosensitizers and the SDT treatment of cancers, further expanding the potential clinical application of AIEgens in the future.
How alginate properties influence in situ internal gelation in Crosslinked Alginate Microcapsules (CLAMs) formed by spray drying
Authors: Jeoh Tina , Wong Dana E. , Strobel Scott , Hudnall Kevin , Pereira Nadia , Williams Kyle , Arbaugh Benjamin , Cunniffe Julia , Scher Herbert
Published: July 2020

Alginates gel rapidly under ambient conditions and have widely documented potential to form protective matrices for sensitive bioactive cargo. Most commonly, alginate gelation occurs via calcium mediated electrostatic crosslinks between the linear polyuronic acid polymers. A recent breakthrough to form crosslinked alginate microcapsules (CLAMs) by in situ gelation during spray drying (“CLAMs process”) has demonstrated applications in protection and controlled delivery of bioactives in food, cosmetics, and agriculture. The extent of crosslinking of alginates in CLAMs impacts the effectiveness of its barrier properties. For example, higher crosslinking extents can improve oxidative stability and limit diffusion of the encapsulated cargo. Crosslinking in CLAMs can be controlled by varying the calcium to alginate ratio; however, the choice of alginates used in the process also influences the ultimate extent of crosslinking. To understand how to select alginates to target crosslinking in CLAMs, we examined the roles of alginate molecular properties. A surprise finding was the formation of alginic acid in the CLAMs that is a consequence of simultaneous and rapid pH reduction and moisture removal that occurs during spray drying. Thus, spray dried CLAMs gelation is due to calcium crosslinking and alginic acid formation, and unlike external gelation methods, is insensitive to the molecular composition of the alginates. The ‘extent of gelation’ of spray dried CLAMs is influenced by the molecular weights of the alginates at saturating calcium concentrations. Alginate viscosity correlates with molecular weight; thus, viscosity is a convenient criterion for selecting commercial alginates to target gelation extent in CLAMs.
Marrying Wright's Law to Thermodynamics for a Relative Final Cost-predicting Model of Carbon-fuel Substitution
Authors: Pawelke Roland Hermann
Published: July 2020

The problem of assessing the relative final cost of energy technology substitution is approached by means of a general interpretation of Wright's law and the introduction of the concept of thermodynamic utility which derives from energy carrier specific energy. Via the Bienaymé-Chebyshev inequality the ideal relative final cost of C-fuel substitution (diesel/gasoline) is estimated at three different probabilities (50 %, 87.5 % and 96 %) for compressed hydrogen, liquid hydrogen, metal hydrides and Li-ion technology. C-fuel substitution at cost parity is an event clearly below the 50 % probability horizon of insight, 96 % values range between 1.8 (Li-ion) and 4.3 (LH2/350 bar) times the cost of C-fuel technology. The results are evinced in a cost/price comparison between the Toyota Mirai, Tesla 3 and Skoda Superb and found to reflect reality properly (see ESI). The approach also offers a systematic explanation for previously as-is reported findings of parameter studies from literature. The issue of mitigating the cost discrepancy is briefly discussed, too.
Phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of Pseudarthria viscida (L.) Wight & Arnott
Authors: Nithyakalyani K
Published: July 2020

Pseudarthria viscida L. Wight & Arnott belongs to family Leguminosae commonly called as Salaparni is an essential component of potent Ayurvedic formulations. It has been screened for antioxidant, cytotoxic, antidiabetic & anti-diarrhoeal activity. Currently, there is no enough scientific evidence or literary resources on the anti-inflammatory & antipyretic activity of this plant. Therefore, this study was aimed at exploring P.viscida for its therapeutic potentials as anti-inflammatory & antipyretic agent. A research was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory property ( inflammation-induced to rat paw oedema by carrageenan & cotton pellet granuloma) & antipyretic (Pyrexia induced by brewer’s yeast) activities of petroleum ether extract of Pseudarthria viscida (PEPV) stems & roots in albino rats. Pre-treatment of the animals with the plant extract (100 & 200 mg/kg, p.o.) has prevented the inflammation produced evident by the change in volume of paw oedema which is proportional to the dose. A maximum effect was seen at 200 mg/kg, which was competent to Indomethacin (10 mg/kg, i.p). The antipyretic effect of PEPV (100 & 200 mg/kg, p.o.), measured as percentage lowering in body heat was compared with st&ard, Paracetamol (150 mg/kg, p.o.). The anti-inflammatory & antipyretic activities showed dose-related response at 100 mg/kg & 200 mg/kg, when compared to the st&ard. This current research investigated & advocates the anti pyretic property & anti-inflammatory potency of Pseudarthria viscida, and it supports the application of the plant in medicine as per ethnopharmacology.
International business with Central and Eastern Europe: From tyranny of history to revisited laboratories of learning
Authors: Raskovic Matevz , Dikova D , McDougall-Covin TP
Published: July 2020

No description supplied
iRAKER: UPV/EHUko irakasleen gaitasun akademikoa garatzeko programa. Lehen deialdiaren inpaktuaren balorazioa
Authors: Mendia Urrutia Aitor , Rekalde Rodriguez Itziar
Published: July 2020

Ikerketa kualitatibo honetan iRAKERek, UPV/EHUko irakasleen gaitasun akademikoa garatzeko programak, bertan parte hartutako irakasleen irakaskuntza-, ikerkuntza- eta kudeaketa-gaitasunean izan duen inpaktua aztertu da. iRAKERen lehen deialdian parte hartutako irakasleen esperientzia sakonean ezagutu nahi zela kontuan izanik, kasu-azterketa bat gauzatu da. Horretarako, datuak biltzeko estrategia nagusia sakoneko elkarrizketa izan da, bertatik eratorritako datuak galdetegietatik eta dokumentuen analisi hermeneutikotik eskuratutakoekin triangelatu badira ere. Horrela, irakasleen motibazioak, eskuratu dituzten gaitasunak eta horiengan izandako eraldaketak ezagutu ahal izan dira. Ondoriotzat esan liteke programa honek bertan parte hartutako irakasleen ikerkuntza- eta kudeaketa-gaitasunean eragina izan duela, baina batez ere haien irakaskuntza-gaitasunean.
Goldberg-en Antsietate eta Depresio Eskala: euskarazko egokitzapenaren ikerketa pilotua
Authors: Lameirinhas Ortuoste Joanes , Gorostiaga Manterola Arantxa
Published: July 2020

Euskarara egokitutako eta baliozkotutako ebaluazio-tresnak garatzeak behar bat izaten jarraitzen du. Egun ez dago adineko pertsonen dimentsio emozionalaren ebaluazioa egiteko aukera ematen duen euskarazko galde-sortarik. Behar horri erantzuteko, lan honetan, Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión de Goldberg (EADG) galde-sorta euskarara egokitzeko ikerketa pilotua gauzatu da. Guztira Nafarroako eta Gipuzkoako eremu soziolinguistiko ezberdinetako 68 adineko pertsona egoitzaratuk parte hartu dute, euskal hiztunak direnak, eta EADGaren euskarazko bertsioa (GADE) pasa zaie. Hasierako emaitzek adierazi dute euskarazko bertsioak barnetrinkotasun egokia duela. Era berean, hitz batzuek zalantza bat edo beste eragin duten arren, parte-hartzaileek, orokorrean, itemekiko ulermen egokia azaldu dute. Hartara, emaitzek iradokitzen dute GADEa, egokitzapenaren fase esperimentalari begira, tresna fidagarria izan daitekeela antsietatearen eta depresioaren baheketa egiteko adineko euskal hiztun egoitzaratuekin.
An Exploratory Study on the DevOps IT Alignment Model
Authors: Hart Michael , Burke John
Published: July 2020

Aim/Purpose: Based on business-IT alignment, this study addresses the understudied practice of DevOps.

Background: Although organizations continue to implement DevOps practices, few studies explore connections with prior theory. This study contributes to this need by developing the DevOps strategic IT alignment model.

Methodology: The sample included 57 firms from the current Forbes Global 2000 and the Fortune 500 lists. The authors employed partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the DevOps IT alignment model.

Contribution: The proposed model builds a foundation for further investigation into the influence of theory on DevOps using quantitative research methods. It also contributes to a reliable and valid DevOps instrument for future exploration.

Findings: Continuous integration of software and knowledge sharing increases the level of IT subunit alignment in large organizations that foster DevOps. Furthermore, practicing DevOps positively influences the level of business-IT alignment.

Recommendations for Practitioners: Organizations that cultivate DevOps experience greater levels of business-IT alignment through stronger knowledge sharing and continuous integration of applications. Thus, managers should identify how to develop closer bonds between subunits with dissimilar skillsets in their organizations.

Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers should explore how theories interact, help, and/or do not support blossoming practices like DevOps.

Impact on Society: Stronger bonds increase knowledge sharing between interdepartmental colleagues. Lower hierarchical levels of an organization as well as higher managerial levels benefit from cross-domain IT knowledge.

Future Research: It is important to explore how different types of knowledge in diverse disciplines requires unique cross-discipline bonds to form and whether these relationships have connections with the contingency theory and quality management.
РАЗРАБОТКА ТКАНЕВОГО МАТЕРИАЛА ДЛЯ ЗАЩИТНО-КРЕПЯЩЕГО СЛОЯ ВНУТРЕННЕГО ТЕПЛОЗАЩИТНОГО ПОКРЫТИЯ
Authors: Potapov I. V. , Suchkov S. Yu. , Simbirkina A. N. , Potapov A. M.
Published: July 2020

В настоящее время широкое распространение получили ракетные двигатели твердого топлива (РДТТ). Для нормализации работы силовой оболочки РДТТ применяют теплозащитные покрытия (ТЗП) различного назначения.Внутренние покрытия корпусов РДТТ необходимы для защиты внутренней поверхности корпусов двигателей от воздействия температуры и продуктов сгорания твердого топлива. Внутренние покрытия состоят из различных слоев материалов: защитно-крепящий слой (ЗКС), основная теплозащита, герметизирующий слой. Ранее в ГП «КБ «Южное» для изготовления внутреннего теплозащитного покрытия, а именно для ЗКС, применялись материалы производства РФ. В нынешних реалиях необходима замена ткани капроновой эластичной технической марки ТКЭТ на аналог отечественного производства. В виду того, что, ткань капроновая эластичная техническая закончилась на предприятии ГП «КБ «Южное» и данная ткань производится в РФ г. Москва ПФК «Красная Роза», то приобретение ткани ТКЭТ требует дополнительных финансовых затрат (оформление таможенной документации, получение санитарных заключений и т.д.), что делает покупку данного материала экономически нецелесообразным.
LYOPHILIZATION: AN IMPORTANT FORMULATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Kumar Pramod
Published: July 2020

Lyophilization, is an important development for medicament formulation because of its ability to safely dry heat-sensitive vaccines, antibiotics, and protein-based formulations. The lyophilization process results in long shelf lives powder formulation which can be reconstituted at the point of use. As Injectable biopharmaceuticals become a more prominent part of the overall drug market the value of lyophilized product is has increased significantly. In 1998, lyophilized pharmaceuticals accounted for 11.9% of all new Injectable or infusible drugs, but, by 2015, they made up half of all such new drug introductions (Ratti et al 2001, Bubnovich et al 2012).
A kisgyermeknevelő-gyermek interakciók megfigyelésével kapcsolatos kihívások
Authors: Gyöngy Kinga
Published: July 2020

Számos tudományban, köztük az etológiában, fejlődéslélektanban, illetve a kisgyermeknevelésben is alkalmazzák a megfigyelést mint adatgyűjtési technikát. Ez az írás a kisgyermekek és nevelőik-gondozóik közti interakciók megfigyeléséről szól, ezen belül áttekintjük a megfigyelés (1) klinikai/terápiás, (2) kisgyermeknevelési/pedagógiai és (3) kutatási célú felhasználási lehetőségeit. Végezetül ismertetjük, hogy a kutatási célú megfigyelési kódrendszerek összeállítása milyen lépéseken keresztül zajlik. Áttekintjük a leggyakoribb buktatókat, és leírjuk, hogyan kerülhetők el a megfigyeléses adatok kódolásának nehézségei. Noha a módszer idő- és energiaigényes, a megfigyelés révén részletgazdag és pontos információhoz jutunk a kisgyermekekről, és gondozóikkal való interakcióikról. Mindezek miatt az interakciók megfigyelése megkerülhetetlen.
An evolutionary theory of moral injury with insight from Turkana warriors
Authors: Zefferman Matthew , Mathew Sarah
Published: July 2020

Clinicians in Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) societies are rethinking whether Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is caused solely by exposure to life-threatening experiences, or also by moral injury—witnessing or participating in acts that violate moral beliefs. However, while there are evolutionary hypotheses explaining PTSD as a response to physical danger, the evolutionary roots of moral injury lack an explanation. We posit that a subset of symptoms of combat-related PTSD is associated with moral injury and that these symptoms evolved in tandem with human’s norm-psychology. We can examine this hypothesis by comparing societies with different moral beliefs about warfare, norm enforcement mechanisms, and spheres of moral concern. To illustrate the utility of this framework, we describe combat trauma, war norms, and norm enforcement among Turkana pastoralist warriors in Kenya who participate in highly lethal raids of neighboring ethnic groups. We previously showed that depressive PTSD symptoms in Turkana warriors are more strongly associated with experiencing moral violations in combat, and that Turkana warriors with comparably high overall PTSD symptom-severity experience lower rates of depressive symptoms than US combat veterans. Here we detail aspects of Turkana warfare, moral beliefs, and post-battle rituals that differ from WEIRD societies, and that may ameliorate the symptoms of moral injury in Turkana warriors. Our findings highlight how further studies of combat trauma outside of WEIRD militaries can help evaluate this theory and illustrate the importance of cross-cultural research for identifying the evolutionary roots of combat stress and best practices for prevention and recovery.
Compliant Polymer Origami Bellows in Cryogenics
Authors: Westra Kjell , Dunne Francis , Kulsa Stasia , Hunt Mathew , Leachman Jacob
Published: July 2020

Mechanical applications for polymers at cryogenic temperatures are extremely limited due to decreased atomic mobility and ductility, resulting from glass transitions above the cryogenic regime (<120 K). As such, polymeric materials are known for cracking and low fatigue life. Early studies on the twist-flex behavior of polymer thin films in liquid nitrogen resulted in complete shattering of films after a few cycles. To improve upon this failure behavior, we fabricated thin-film origami bellows with Yoshimura and Kresling geometries to primarily restrict strain to below the elastic limit. We found the resulting bellows survived 100 full compression and extension cycles in liquid nitrogen. No tears or pinholes were detected in the bellows. These results indicate that restricting the strain modes in thin-film polymers via origami structures could lead to a new class of cryogenic technologies useful for liquid storage bladders, expandable seals, positive displacement fluid pumps, and flexible electronics.
NeuroKit2: A Python Toolbox for Neurophysiological Signal Processing
Authors: Makowski Dominique , Pham Tam , Lau Zen Juen , Brammer Jan C. , Lespinasse François , Hung Pham Tien , Schoelzel Christopher , Chen SH Annabel
Published: July 2020

NeuroKit2 is an open-source, community-driven, and user-friendly Python package dedicated to neurophysiological signal processing with an initial focus on bodily signals (e.g., ECG, PPG, EDA, EMG, RSP). Its design philosophy is centred on user-experience and accessibility to both novice and advanced users. The package provides a consistent set of high-level functions that enable data processing in a few lines of code using validated pipelines, which we illustrate in two examples covering the most typical scenarios, such as an event-related paradigm and an interval-related analysis. The package also includes tools dedicated to specific processing steps such as rate extraction and filtering methods, offering a trade-off between efficiency and fine-tuned control to the user. Rather than focusing on specific signals, NeuroKit2 was developed to provide a comprehensive means for a simultaneous processing of a wide range of signals. Its goal is to improve transparency and reproducibility in neurophysiological research, as well as foster exploration and innovation.
I spy without my eye: Covert attention in human social interactions
Authors: Dosso Jill A. , Huynh Michelle , Kingstone Alan
Published: July 2020

Looking at other people allows us to collect information about them, but it can also reveal our attentional state when we would rather conceal it. We report that individuals spontaneously employ sustained covert monitoring, rather than direct looking, when evaluating the actions of a live stranger. In contrast, individuals look directly at the actions of a stranger on video. We argue that the ability to secretly monitor live others without executing a look towards them is an important process that compensates for the risk of looking directly during certain social situations. Covert monitoring allows people to avoid visually communicating to others that they are the focus of one's attention. This represents a previously undocumented function of covert attention outside of the laboratory. It suggests that the relationship between covert attention and looking is dynamic and likely to be foundational to the successful navigation of real-world social situations.
The learnability consequences of Zipfian distributions: Word Segmentation is Facilitated in More Predictable Distributions
Authors: Lavi-Rotbain Ori , Arnon Inbal
Published: July 2020

This study looks at the predictablity level of words in child-directed speech, and shows that: (1) languages show similar predictability levels; (2) these levels are beneficial for word segmentation in both children and adults. The study discusses the role of learnability as a driving force towards Zipfian distributions of words.
Credibility of Scientific Information on Social Media: Variation by Platform and Presence of Formal Credibility Cues
Authors: Boothby Clara , Murray Dakota , Waggy Anna Polovick , Tsou Andrew , Sugimoto Cassidy R.
Published: July 2020

Responding to calls to take a more active role in communicating their research findings, scientists are increasingly using open online platforms, such as Twitter, to engage in science communication or to publicize their work. Given the ease at which misinformation spreads on these platforms it is important for scientists to present their findings in a manner that appears credible. To examine the extent to which the online presentation of science information relates to its perceived credibility, we designed and conducted two surveys on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. In the first survey, participants rated the credibility of science information on Twitter compared with the same information other platforms, and in the second, participants rated the credibility of tweets with modified characteristics: presence of an image, text sentiment, and the number of likes/retweets. We find that similar information about scientific findings is perceived as less credible when presented on Twitter compared to other platforms, and that perceived credibility increases when presented with recognizable features of a scientific article. On a platform as widely distrusted as Twitter, use of these features may allow researchers who regularly use Twitter for research-related networking and communication to present their findings in the most credible formats.
Automation and the Future of Work: How Rhetoric Shapes the Response in Policy Preferences
Authors: Jeffrey Karen
Published: July 2020

I conduct a survey experiment to test how individuals' preferences for redistributive policies respond to news of their vulnerability to an automation-induced labor market shock. As respondents feel more vulnerable, their preferences for redistributive policies remain constant or decline. However, introducing rhetoric that causes respondents to view automation-induced inequality as unfair increases preferences for several redistributive policies. The effects are pronounced among more-educated respondents - a group expected to increasingly be affected by automation in future. This suggests that, going forward, rhetoric may become increasingly influential in terms of the political viability of a redistributive policy response to automation going forward
Migration Discourse in Sweden: Frames and Sentiments in Mainstream and Social Media
Authors: Yantseva Victoria
Published: July 2020

This study undertakes a systematic analysis of media discourse on migration in Sweden from 2012 to 2019. Using a novel data set consisting of mainstream newspapers, Twitter and forum data, the study answers two questions: What do Swedish media actually talk about when they talk about “migration”? And how do they talk about it? Using a combination of computational text analysis tools, I analyze a shift in the media discourse seen as one of the outcomes of the European refugee crisis in 2015 and try to understand the role of social media in this process. The results of the study indicate that messages on social media generally had negative tonality and suggest that some of the media frames can be attributed to a migration-hostile discourse. At the same time, the analysis of framing and sentiment dynamics provides little evidence for the discourse shift and any long-term effects of the European refugee crisis on the Swedish media discourse. Rather, one can hypothesize that the role of the crisis should be viewed in a broader political and historical context.
Placental thickness in third trimester and its correlation to gestational age and fetal weight in primigravida
Authors: Badu Muna , Singh Rajbhandari Shankar Bahadur , Regmi Pashupati
Published: July 2020

Background: Gestational age and fetal weight estimation by ultrasound is the most effective and accurate method to date pregnancy. Ultrasound has been used to characterize placental position and morphologic changes. Placental thickness could be one additional parameter to assess gestational age and fetal weight.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between placental thickness with gestational age and fetal weight in third trimester of pregnancy in primigravida.

Methodology: Prospective hospital based cross sectional study was conducted including 111 primigravida in third trimester with normal singleton pregnancies in Department of Radiology of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital from November 2018 to February 2019. Patients with known medical and obstetrical complications were excluded from the study. Placental thickness in millimeters was measured at the level of insertion of the umbilical cord. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used for analyzing variables and p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Mean age of participants was 28.3 ± 4.79 years. Posterior location of the placenta was most common (35%). Placental thickness correlated well with the gestational age and fetal weight. Pearson correlation coefficient was found to be 0.645 for placental thickness with gestational age and 0.598 for placental thickness with fetal weight. P-value was <0.001 in both, showing positive correlation of mentioned variables with placental thickness.

Conclusion: Placental thickness can be a new and reliable parameter for estimation of gestational age and fetal weight. It can be routinely used during antenatal checkup.
Importance of sterilization in endodontics
Authors: Pradhan Babita , Gao Yuan
Published: July 2020

Not available.
Role and Adverse Effects of Premedication for Reducing Pain and Discomfort during Fiberoptic Nasal Pharyngoscopy and Laryngoscopy
Authors: Acharya Anup , Singh Madan Mohan , Pandey Bhuwan Raj , Pandit Shiv Bhushan , Bartaula Suman
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION: Fiberoptic nasal endoscopy is a common procedure. Pretreatment with many drugs has been tried to decrease discomfort and pain related to the procedure. It was our effort to study whether they are effective in reducing pain and discomfort of the procedure.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was a four-armed triple blind randomized controlled trial. Block randomization was done. Four arms were pretreated with placebo, decongestant spray, local anesthetic spray, and combination of decongestant and local anesthetic spray. Discomfort of pretreatment, discomfort of the procedure, pain due to procedure, ease of procedure and adverse effects were recorded by visual analogue score and analyzed by non-parametric tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: There were 40 participants in each wing making a total of 160. There were 79 males and 89 females. Discomfort of pretreatment was significantly higher is groups treated with lidocaine spray alone or in combination (p<0.001). Discomfort due to procedure was lowest in group pretreated with placebo (p=0.009) and pain was comparable throughout the groups (0.15).The procedure of nasal endoscopy was easiest in group pretreated with decongestant spray (p=0.02). Adverse effect was highest in form of burning sensation and pain in groups treated with lidocaine (p<0.001).

CONCLUSION: Lidocaine spray caused a lot of discomfort in form of pain and burning sensation and was not able to decrease pain or discomfort, alone or in combination with decongestant, related to fiberoptic nasal endoscopy. Decongestant, however, made the procedure easier.
Product of Serum Calcium and Phosphorus (Ca x Pi) as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Bakhunchhen Rojina , Dubey Raju Kumar , Jayan Archana , Shah Santosh Kumar , Khatri Prabin
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION: Most of the chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) in their later stages. Various traditional CVD risk factors are highly prevalent in CKD but mortality of these patients cannot be fully justified by these CVD markers. So this study was designed to determine serum calcium and phosphorus product (Ca×Pi) to predict CVD risk in CKD patients.

MATERIAL AND METHODS We followed the guidelines of NKF-KDOQI for CKD diagnosis and staging. Further the patients were classified into 3 different groups based on Ca×Pi product; <40 mg2/dl2 (group 1), 40-55 mg2/dl2 (group 2) and >55 mg2/dl2 (group 3). We then evaluated CVD risk by various traditional risk factors like age, BMI, BP, smoking history, dyslipidemia, previous history of CVD, LVH, arrhythmia, VHD, cardiomyopathy, and IHD.

RESULTS: Higher level of Ca×Pi was associated with presence of LVH (32.30% in group 1, 31.42% in group 2 and 46.66% in group 3), Arrythemia (13.84% in group 1, 28.57% in group 2 and 46.67% in group 3), VHD (5.71% in group 2 and 10.00% in group 3), Cardiomyopathy (1.53% in group 1, 8.57% I group 2 and 6.66% in group 3), IHD (6.15% in group1, 11.42% in group 2 and 13.33% in group 3) and hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and increased LDLc.

CONCLUSION: This study found that higher Ca×Pi increases with decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and associated with CVD risks and CVD. So, this study raise a potential need to evaluate the level of calcium and phosphorus in all CKD patients and the level should be monitored more thoroughly to prevent CVD.
Distribution of Blood Groups in Medical Students: A Comparative Study
Authors: Joshi Bishal , Kar Sanjit Kumar , Yadav Shankar , Yadav Prem Kumar , Mahotra Narayan Bahadur , Shrestha Laxmi , Shrivastava Amit Kumar
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION: Blood groups depend on antigens present on the surface of red blood cells. Scientists have discovered at least 30 common antigens and hundreds of rare antigens causing antigen-antibody reaction in human red blood cells. These antigens are genetically determined and are developed in fetal life and remain unchanged till death. Many blood group systems are identified but ABO and Rh blood groups are more antigenic.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the present study, we observed ABO and Rh blood groups of 3057 students who studied in Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal from 1998 AD to 2019 AD, using open slide test method. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.

RESULTS: Results  of the present study indicated that the most common blood group was O (36.8%)  followed by blood group B (31.1%) and blood group A (24.9%) and least common blood group was AB (7.2%) i.e. O>B>A>AB. The same sequence of ABO blood grouping was seen in both male and female.  Rh positive blood group was found in 95.4% and Rh negative blood group was found in 4.6% of population.

CONCLUSION: Knowledge of distribution of blood group is very important for medical students as they can serve as immediate blood donor in emergency conditions. This study can provide insight to advanced studies in future which can relate blood groups with medical conditions.
Extramammary Paget's Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Shah Anita , Poudel Yogesh , Poudel Anuj
Published: July 2020

A 60- year-old man presented with four year history of a non- healing rash. The rash was pruritic and painless. He had previously been treated empirically with oral and topical antibiotics, topical antifungal agents, and topical glucocorticoids without improvement. The physical examination revealed an erythematous plaque with superficial white scale affecting the skin of the groin and scrotum. Skin biopsy and histopathology revealed epidermal infiltration by large atypical cells that had eosinophilic cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli, findings were consistent with Pagets disease. Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is an intraepithelial adenocarcinoma that is sometimes misdiagnosed as dermatitis clinically. It most commonly involves the vulva and in perianal skin, scrotum, penis and axilla. The patient was kept on regular surveillance. The patient has increased intensity of itching and increase in size of lesion after six months of diagnosis.
Identifying Factors Influencing on Agile Practices for Software Development
Authors: Arcos-Medina Gloria , Mauricio David
Published: July 2020

Agile practices are activities or actions that are utilized during software development to improve the quality and productivity of the resulting software. Those practices are influenced by a set of factors that affect the realization of their objectives. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of organizational factors and the personnel working on the software development project to the agile practices. To this end, a model has been proposed that is composed of six critical success factors derived from the theories of administrative and human behavior and four groups of agile practices, and resulted in identifying 13 factor-practice relationships. The results from 146 questionnaires addressed to individuals involved in the software development process show that the factors of Confidence, Perception of Self-efficacy, Integrity and Availability of the Information and Experiences Learned, and Media Used all have a noteworthy positive influence on teamwork agile practices.
Machine Translation System for the Industry Domain and Croatian Language
Authors: Dunđer Ivan
Published: July 2020

Machine translation is increasingly becoming a hot research topic in information and communication sciences, computer science and computational linguistics, due to the fact that it enables communication and transferring of meaning across different languages. As the Croatian language can be considered low-resourced in terms of available services and technology, development of new domain-specific machine translation systems is important, especially due to raised interest and needs of industry, academia and everyday users. Machine translation is not perfect, but it is crucial to assure acceptable quality, which is purpose-dependent. In this research, different statistical machine translation systems were built – but one system utilized domain adaptation in particular, with the intention of boosting the output of machine translation. Afterwards, extensive evaluation has been performed – in form of applying several automatic quality metrics and human evaluation with focus on various aspects. Evaluation is done in order to assess the quality of specific machine-translated text.