bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling and simulation of Concentrated Solar Power Plant in Ber’Alganam area (Azzawia-Libya)
Authors: Abuashe Ibrahim , Shuia Essaied , Aljermi Hajer
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to conduct modeling and simulation of a Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Plant in Ber’Alganam area (Azzawia-Libya). Th thermal analysis of the solar power plant was carried out to identify its characteristics and present the monthly power curves according to measured solar radiation and meteorological data of Ber’Alganam (Azzawia-Libya). Th mathematical model of the plant was based on energy balance of each component used to develop the simulation tool using Matlab softare. Th simulationtool can be used to simulate the solar plant and achieve desired plots and results. Among many techniques used in the fild of solar power generation, the Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology using Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) or (PT) has been selected. As a sample case, a 30 MW CSP plant was proposed to present the hourly performance and productivity through entire year. The  study offred a description of two more technologies; thermal energy storage (TES) and backup boiler in order to enhance and stabilize the CSP plant and the continuous production throughout daytime and estimate the amount of fuel needed for thisissue, the results shows, the annual power output by both solar source, TES system, and the backup boiler are 91513, 318.36, and 4690.45 MWh/year, respectively, with respect the solar multiplier is 1.5. The study also concerned with the amount of emissions avoided by using CSP plants, the study estimated that, 18516.4 tons of emissions could be annually avoided by CSP plant rather than conventional plant that uses a natural gas as the energy source. Th results demonstrate that, the Ber’Alganam is a good location to construct CSP plants, according to the productivity indicators.
Numerical Simulation of Rock-bed Solar Thrmal Storage Energy
Authors: Benedict Ebangu , Edward Dintwa , Oboetswe Motsamai , Grace Okiror
Published: January 2022

Solar dryers are increasingly being applied to dry fruits and vegetables in order to increase their shelf-lives. In the sunny-belt countries, the availability of solar irradiance is taken for granted and the mean daily solar irradiation is oftn used as the design basis for a solar dryer. Th predicted performance of the solar irradiance is therefore inherently inaccurate. Contemporary solar dryer designs incorporate thermal energy storage (TES) systems for application aftr sunset. Th performance of such TES systems is oftn determined experimentally. In this study, mathematical models have been developed and by numerical simulation using the technique of Finite Diffrential Method (FDM) and MATLAB programming, the performances of solar irradiance as well as that of the TES system have been predicted. Th simulation results were secured to inform the design of the solar dryer for fruits and vegetables in the sun-belt countries.
انسانی کلوننگ کا شرعی و تحقیقی مطالعہ
Authors: Haider Waqas Ali , Khan Muhammad Aslam , Bibi Ayesha Irshad
Published: January 2022

This paper explores the diverse social, cultural and scientific facets of coloning as an alternate means of human reproduction. We review the various types, and implications of coloning as practiced in the modern world, specifically as a means of child birth for infertile parents. We also present the Islamic injunctions and worldview on different types of cloning. We assert that although biological cloning can be an productive technological intervention to promote agriculture yield, however it’s application for human reproduction is inappropriate, and finds no support in Islamic injunctions. Therefore, our paper suggest that human cloning should be prohibited acknowledging its socioeconomic demerits.
An empirical MLR for estimating surface layer DIC and a comparative assessment to other gap-filling techniques for ocean carbon time series
Authors: Vance Jesse M. , Currie Kim , Zeldis John , Dillingham Peter W. , Law Cliff S.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Regularized time series of ocean carbon data are necessary for
assessing seasonal dynamics, annual budgets, and interannual and climatic
variability. There are, however, no standardized methods for filling data
gaps and limited evaluation of the impacts on uncertainty in the
reconstructed time series when using various imputation methods. Here we
present an empirical multivariate linear regression (MLR) model to estimate
the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the surface ocean,
that can utilize remotely sensed and modeled data to fill data gaps. This
MLR was evaluated against seven other imputation models using data from
seven long-term monitoring sites in a comparative assessment of gap-filling
performance and resulting impacts on variability in the reconstructed time
series. Methods evaluated included three empirical models – MLR, mean
imputation, and multiple imputation by chained equation (MICE) – and five
statistical models – linear, spline, and Stineman interpolation; exponential
weighted moving average; and Kalman filtering with a state space model. Cross
validation was used to determine model error and bias, while a bootstrapping
approach was employed to determine sensitivity to varying data gap lengths.
A series of synthetic gap filters, including 3-month seasonal gaps (spring,
summer, autumn winter), 6-month gaps (centered on summer and winter), and bimonthly (every 2 months) and seasonal (four samples per year) sampling regimes, were applied
to each time series to evaluate the impacts of timing and duration of data
gaps on seasonal structure, annual means, interannual variability, and
long-term trends. All models were fit to time series of monthly mean DIC,
with MLR and MICE models also applied to both measured and modeled
temperature and salinity with remotely sensed chlorophyll. Our MLR estimated
DIC with a mean error of 8.8 µmol kg−1 among five oceanic sites and
20.0 µmol kg−1 for two coastal sites. The MLR performance indicated
reanalysis data, such as GLORYS, can be utilized in the absence of field
measurements without increasing error in DIC estimates. Of the methods
evaluated in this study, empirical models did better than statistical models
in retaining observed seasonal structure but led to greater bias in annual
means, interannual variability, and trends compared to statistical models.
Our MLR proved to be a robust option for imputing data gaps over varied
durations and may be trained with either in situ or modeled data depending
on application. This study indicates that the number and distribution of
data gaps are important factors in selecting a model that optimizes
uncertainty while minimizing bias and subsequently enables robust strategies
for observational sampling.
Pioneer biocrust communities prevent soil erosion in temperate forests after disturbances
Authors: Gall Corinna , Nebel Martin , Quandt Dietmar , Scholten Thomas , Seitz Steffen
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Soil erosion continues to be one of the most serious environmental problems of our time, which is exacerbated by progressive climate change. Until now, forests have been considered an ideal erosion control in this regard. However, even minor disturbances of the forest floor for example from heavy vehicle used for timber harvesting can cause substantial sediment transport. An important countermeasure is the quick restoration of the uncovered soil surface by vegetation. In this context, biological soil crusts (biocrusts) can play a vital role, as they are known for their soil-protective effect. This study examined the natural succession of pioneer vegetation in skid trails on four soil substrates in a central European temperate forest and investigated their influence on surface runoff and sediment discharge. We applied rainfall simulation experiments on small-scale runoff plots and continuously surveyed vegetation during the same period, primarily to map biocrust development. Skid trails on clayey substrates showed considerably higher biocrust cover and species richness. Biocrust cover was higher in center tracks than in wheel tracks, while there was no clear difference for biocrust species richness with regard to track position. Although biocrusts were quickly overtopped by vascular plants, they managed to coexist until their growth was restricted due to leaf litter fall. Brachythecium rutabulum and Oxyrrhynchium hians were the most important and persistent pioneer biocrust species, while Dicranella schreberiana and Pohlia lutescens were volatile and quickly disappeared after spreading in summer. Soil erosion was reduced with pioneer biocrust vegetation in summer, and again increased in winter. Total amount of sediment discharge was clearly site-dependent, indicating a high relevance of underlying substrates. Sediment discharge was 13.2 times higher in wheel tracks compared to undisturbed forest soil, and bare soil runoff plots produced 22-fold sediment discharge compared to undisturbed forest soil. Overall, bryophyte-dominated biocrusts contributed more to mitigating soil erosion than vascular plants. When soil coverage exceeded 50 %, biocrusts resulted in an average of 18 times less sediment loss compared to vascular plants.
The Warm Winter Paradox in the Pliocene High Latitudes
Authors: Tindall Julia C. , Haywood Alan M. , Salzmann Ulrich , Dolan Aisling M. , Fletcher Tamara
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Reconciling palaeodata with model simulations of the Pliocene climate is essential for understanding a world with atmospheric CO2 concentration near 400 parts per million by volume. Both models and data indicate an amplified warming of the high latitudes during the Pliocene, however terrestrial data suggests Pliocene high latitude temperatures were much higher than can be simulated by models. Here we show that understanding the Pliocene high latitude terrestrial temperatures is particularly difficult for the coldest months, where the temperatures obtained from models and different proxies can vary by more than 20 °C. We refer to this mismatch as the ‘warm winter paradox’. Analysis suggests the warm winter paradox could be due to a number of factors including: model structural uncertainty, proxy data not being strongly constrained by winter temperatures, uncertainties on data reconstruction methods and also that the Pliocene high latitude climate does not have a modern analogue. Refinements to model boundary conditions or proxy dating are unlikely to contribute significantly to the resolution of the warm winter paradox. For the Pliocene, high latitude, terrestrial, summer temperatures, models and different proxies are in good agreement. Those factors which cause uncertainty on winter temperatures are shown to be much less important for the summer. Until some of the uncertainties on winter, high latitude, Pliocene temperatures can be reduced, we suggest a data-model comparison should focus on the summer. This is expected to give more meaningful and accurate results than a data-model comparison which focuses on the annual mean.
Occurrence of canine mammary and skin/ subcutaneous neoplasms in and around	Thrissur district of Kerala during 2017-2020: A review of 265 cases
Authors: S. Nair Sudheesh , M. K. Narayanan , S. Anoop , B. Dhanush Krishna , Narayana Pillai Usha , K.D. John Martin
Published: January 2022

The study was conducted in 265 clinical cases of mammary and skin/ subcutaneous
neoplasms in dogs presented to University Veterinary Hospitals Mannuthy and Kokkalai during
a period of 36 months from October 2017 to September 2020. Mammary neoplasms were found
more in females (51.7 per cent) than in males whereas skin and subcutaneous neoplasms were
found more in male dogs (48.3 per cent). The maximum occurrence of neoplasms was recorded in
the age group of eight to twelve years (38.5 per cent) whereas least occurrence was noticed in the
age group up to four years (9 per cent). Labrador and Rottweiler breeds were found more affected
with neoplasms (38 per cent each) with highest occurrence of mammary neoplasms in inguinal
mammary glands (35.03 per cent) and highest occurrence of skin/ subcutaneous neoplasms on
sites involving trunk region (14.06 per cent cases). Eighty-three per cent of the neoplasm cases
in the present study were pet dogs with a greater number of dogs maintained in outdoor kennels
and 17 per cent of neoplasm was found in free-roaming dogs rescued from streets. Out of total 265
dogs, 37.73 per cent dogs were found to be having commercial dog food as their main feed and 32
per cent dogs were fed with a mixed diet of homemade food and commercial dog food. Among the
cases, 14.71 per cent dogs had a previous history of cancer surgery
Haemato-biochemical and blood gas changes in bovines under multimodal anaesthesia
Authors: M. K. Praveen , K.D. John Martin , S. Nair Sudheesh , Varghese Reji , N. Nair Suresh
Published: January 2022

The study was conducted in six crossbred female cattle aged nine months to five years and
weighing between 82-375 kg, to evaluate haematobiochemical and blood gas changes in during
multimodal general anaesthesia. The animals were premedicated by intravenous administration of
butorphanol (0.05mg/kg body weight) immediately followed by xylazine (0.02 mg/kg body weight).
On achieving sedation, the animals were controlled in left lateral recumbency and induction of
anaesthesia was carried out by intravenous administration of ketamine and midazolam at the
dose rate of 4.0 and 0.2 mg/kg body weight respectively. Endotracheal intubation was performed
and maintenance of general anaesthesia was carried out using isoflurane in 100% oxygen. The
variation in total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, volume of packed red cells, platelet
count and haemoglobin were non-significant before and after anaesthesia. A non-significant
lymphocytopaenia with neutrophilia and mild variations in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine
aminotransferase enzyme levels were also noticed. Blood pH reduced significantly (p<0.05) after
induction of anaesthesia and returned to baseline values after recovery whereas PvCO2 (p<0.05)
and base excess (p<0.01) values increased significantly after induction of anaesthesia. The blood
bicarbonate did not alter significantly following induction of anaesthesia.
Epidemiological investigation for brucellosis in dogs of Thrissur
Authors: K. Athira , V. H. Shyma , K. D. Justin , K. Vijayakumar , C. Jayakumar
Published: January 2022

India is endemic to bovine brucellosis, and there is a high potential for transmission of
disease from ruminants to dogs. A total of 18 bitches belonging to five different breeds at different
stage of abortion (30 days to 65 days of gestation) were selected for this study. Majority of them
were showing abortion (88.89 per cent) at 45 to 65 days of the gestation. Microscopic examination
of Stamp stained smear obtained from the aborted foetal stomach contents revealed red
coccobacillary organisms suggestive of Brucella spp.in three cases. RBPT on paired sera samples
on day of presentation and three weeks after abortion showed agglutination within four minutes in
five out of 18 female dogs. DNA extracted from the aborted tissues of a RBPT positive Labrador
dog yielded amplicons of 193 base pair specific for Brucella spp. on PCR. The results obtained
from this study stress the need for screening dogs for canine brucellosis in the current brucellosis
surveillance and control programmes.
Play: The Root of all Research
Authors: Opie Greg
Published: January 2022

It has been suggested that the creative arts exist as sophisticated play phenomena. Do Western attitudes towards ‘play’ impact upon the regard and funding afforded arts research? Is there a closer link between all forms of research and play than modern Western thinking will allow? Has a cultural imperative led to an intellectual apartheid within research communities?
Academaesthetics: How the essay and comic can save each other
Authors: Smith Shane
Published: January 2022

This project is an essay/comic book hybrid that analyses a number of common general perceptions and misunderstandings surrounding both the essay and the comic, and uses the

contrast and similarities between the forms to suggest some new ways of understanding them.
The Robust Imagination
Authors: Gandolfo Enza
Published: January 2022

My own writing is always, at some level, politically motivated as is the work of the writers I admire - writers like Toni Morrison, Adrienne Rich and Virginia Woolf, to name just a few. I believe in the power of writing - the political and cultural power of the text. Yet when I first noticed my paper for the 2005 AAWP conference (an earlier version of this one) was listed in a session under the title: ‘Writer/author as political activist’, I felt uncomfortable and apprehensive…
Filosofia da educação a partir de outras paisagens: infâncias afro-brasileiras e pedagogia decoloniall
Authors: Miranda Amanaiara Conceição de Santana , Santos Luís Carlos Ferreira dos
Published: January 2022

Neste artigo, tem-se o intuito de apresentar reflexões sobre uma filosofia da educação a partir da paisagem da infância e da pedagogia decolonial. Para tanto, como uns dos caminhos, defende-se habitar e ser habitado pela própria paisagem, pois é nesse movimento, de olhar para si mesmo e para seu entorno, que se pode encontrar a renovação das potências dos imaginários. Para isso, como plano de imanência, considera-se a paisagem da infância como mobilizadora da cena do texto, a partir de uma experiência vivida; problematiza-se o pensamento decolonial, desde a discussão do problema da tripla colonialidade (poder, ser, saber). Por fim, adentra-se o último tópico do texto, uma filosofia da educação decolonial relacionada ao imaginário; assim, a guerra de imaginário é o leitmotiv da disputa filosófica.
Mineral associations and their distribution in hydrothermal alteration zones of the Chelopech high-sulphidation deposit, Bulgaria
Authors: Georgieva Sylvina
Published: January 2022

This study is focused on the mineral assemblages developed during hydrothermal alteration in the host rocks of the Chelopech deposit and aims to reveal some characteristics of ore-forming fluids. Three well-distinguished and simultaneously formed hydrothermal alteration zones, characterized by specific mineral associations, occur in the area: advanced argillic, sericitic and propylitic. The presence of silica residue localities in the advanced argillic zone marks the major channels of hydrothermal fluids and indicates participation of extremely acid fluids. The existence of alunite and zunyite in the alteration indicates development of acid-sulphate hydrothermal environment, with presence of F in the fluid, which is considered to be an important feature of ore-bearing high-sulphidation epithermal systems. Dickite in association with alunite in the upper levels of the deposit suggests temperature of formation 200–250 °C. The highest temperature in depth is limited up to 375 °C, considering the occurrence of zunyite, pyrophyllite and dickite.
Geochronology of the so-called South Bulgarian granitoids – a review (1836–2000)
Authors: Arnaudov Vasil
Published: January 2022

This review treats the concepts concerning the age of granitoid magmatism in southern Bulgaria and considers the age assessments of the large granite intrusions in the metamorphic complexes known as “South Bulgarian granites”. In terms of the available contributions, this analysis encloses a long period, from 1836, the time of Ami Boué, the first geologist who visited Bulgarian land, to 2000. The review discusses both ideas and geochronological data on a large time-span, from the Archean to the “Tertiary”. The emphasis is on the progress of Bulgarian researchers’ views that had been made prior to the first pioneering attempts at radiological determinations (i.e., using He and Pb quantitative methods), and especially after the advent of modern equipment for radioisotope dating, based on various isotope systems (e.g., K-Ar, U-Th-Pb, Rb-Sr) and mathematical models of lead isotopes (Pb-Pb) following the basic model of “plumbotectonics” and the fission track method. The bulk of radioisotope data (more than 300 dates on feldspar and 500 dates on galena and other ore minerals) have been made by using the Pb-Pb method, which was introduced by Blagoy Amov and improved by the same worker via his “dynamic model of a continuous lead-isotope evolution” in the Earth’s crust. From 1969, when pegmatites that are genetically linked to granite intrusions of southern Bulgaria were dated as “Tertiary”, until 2000, all of the above-mentioned methods were tested. These methods confirmed the “Tertiary” ages of the granitoids of the Rhodope Massif and their difference in age from the Hercynian granitoids of the Srednogorie Zone. Owing to this, two groups of granitoids of dissimilar ages, previously referred to as “South Bulgarian granites”, were determined. This distinction was corroborated by varieties of mineralogical, petrological and geochemical studies, which were carried out by collaborators from the Department of Geochemistry of the Geological Institute. The “magical boundary”, defined by Acad. Strashimir Dimitrov and followed by the majority of Bulgarian geologists, that “the South Bulgarian granites are pre-Mesozoic in age, since fragments of them are present in the Permian–Triassic conglomerates of the Lozen Mountain” has been overcome, mainly due to the results of geochemical studies. Also, the absence of Archean and Proterozoic metamorphism in the Rhodope Massif has been revealed by U-Th-Pb and Pb/Pb radiogeochronological investigations. The analysis of available mineralogical, geochemical and radiogeochronological data, supported by the ages of the migmatites from Ardino area (63–32 Ma), allowed to assume that both migmatized gneisses and the South Bulgarian granites of the Rila and Rhodope Mountains, as well as the volcanic rocks and associated intrusions and ore mineralizations, were a product of a single and prolonged stage of the Alpine activation of the Rhodope crystalline complex that started during the Cretaceous.
Palynology of the upper Barremian and lower Aptian interval in parts of North Bulgaria
Authors: Pavlishina Polina
Published: January 2022

Upper Barremian and lower Aptian dinoflagellate cyst assemblages have been documented for the first time from five ammonite-controlled sections in Central and Northeast Bulgaria. They include important biostratigraphical markers, such as Rhynchodiniopsis aptiana, Prolixosphaeridium parvispinum, Cerbia tabulata, Lithodinia stoveri and Ctenidodinium elegantulum. The distribution of taxa is generally consistent with published palynostratigraphical schemes, but some differences are noted in this study. The best global markers for the lowermost Aptian interval are represented by the LOs of R. aptiana and C. elegantulum; however, in the sections studied, these taxa consistently occur only within the upper Barremian. The recorded overwhelming dominance of the Classopollis group, together with persistent records of pteridophyte spores, is interpreted as indicative of extremely hot and humid climate, which caused and accompanied the deposition of the OAE 1a in this part of the Tethyan Realm.
Direct correlation of Tithonian/Berriasian boundary calpionellid and calcareous nannofossil events in the frame of magnetostratigraphy: new results from the West Balkan Mts, Bulgaria, and review of existing data
Authors: Lakova Iskra , Grabowski Jacek , Stoykova Kristalina , Petrova Silviya , Reháková Daniela , Sobień Katarzyna , Schnabl Petr
Published: January 2022

Magnetostratigraphy, calpionellid and calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the upper Tithonian and lower Berriasian of section Barlya in the West Balkan Mts are herein presented. The studied interval comprises the magnetozones from M21r to M17r, with a large interval of partial remagnetization. It has been directly correlated with a continuous succession of the calpionellid Chitinoidella, Praetintinnopsella, Crassicollaria and Calpionella zones, and with the nannofossil zones from NJT 15b to NK-1. The accumulated evidence in the last twenty years on the magnetostratigraphy, calpionellid and calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and events across the J/K boundary in the European Tethys has provoked the authors to plot the main micropalaeontological events against magnetostratigraphic column in order to assess the extent of diachronism of these events. Data from Slovakia, Poland, Italy, Austria, Hungary, France, Spain and Bulgaria has shown specific behaviour of different calpionellid and nannofossil events with respect to the column of the magnetic polarity chrons, which have been considered as ‘isochronous’ or at least less diachronous than the microfossil events. Thus, some rather consistent events have appeared, such as the first occurrences (FOs) of calpionellids Calpionella grandalpina, Crassicollaria brevis, Calpionella minuta and Remaniella ferasini, and the FOs of calcareous nannofossils Nannoconus globulus minor, Hexalithus geometricus, Nannoconus wintereri, Nannoconus steinmannii minor and Nannoconus kamptneri minor. The J/K boundary, as widely accepted, has been traced in section Barlya at the base of the Calpionella alpina Subzone.Financial support from the Synthesys Program at the National History Museum, Stockholm, is gratefully acknowledged.
The ammonite zones of the Bathonian in Bulgaria
Authors: Metodiev Lubomir , Sapunov Ivo
Published: January 2022

A scheme of nine ammonite zones for the Bathonian in Bulgaria is described herein. The stratigraphical distribution of the Bathonian ammonites has been revised through new collecting and re-examination of older collections and fields. It has become evident that the criteria for zonal discrimination applied in NW Europe are relevant for Bulgaria to a limited extent, and we cannot compare directly our successions with those from the NW European areas as done in earlier work. Also, many traits of typically Submediterranean dispersal have been found to take a considerable part of the ammonite associations. Therefore, a composite Submediterranean–NW European zonation seems to be applicable to the Bathonian ammonite successions in Bulgaria. The ammonite zonal scale used in previous Bulgarian accounts has been retained, but several changes have been made to attain a more balanced sequence. This scale can be subject to further confirmation and modification, as not enough biostratigraphically well-constrained specimens have yet become available to characterize the ranges and variability of the zones.
Modern problems of reproductive and respiratory syndrome of pigs (RRSS) vaccine prevention
Authors: Gusev A. A. , Engashev S. V. , Babak V. A.
Published: January 2022

To date, the swine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (RRSS) has been registered in most countries of the world, including Russia. This disease remains one of the important problems in pig breeding, as it causes huge losses to this industry.

The authors conducted a study where epizootological data and clinical signs of the incidence of RRSS in the conditions of the breeding farm "Zadneprovsky" and materials for evaluating the effectiveness of RRSS vaccine prevention with an analysis of economic indicators. The diagnosis of RRSS was made on the basis of clinical, pathoanatomic and serological research methods. By the number of antibodies in the blood serum of animals, the intensity of immunity to the RRSS virus was judged. Virus-specific antibodies were determined by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA).

It is established that if the virus appears in the herd for the first time, all sows with impaired reproductive function, accompanied by 100% abortions, premature birth, become ill. Among the piglets born from sick sows, there are a large number of stillbirths, and among the surviving piglets, there is a high mortality rate, stunting and unsuitability for cultivation. It is noted that the number of stillborn piglets is always higher in the first moments of the onset of the disease than with repeated farrowing.

After getting over the disease, the bulk of sows quickly recover and, with repeated farrowing, bring viable piglets. Immunization of piglets against the background of a decrease in maternal immunity with a live vaccine against RRSS is accompanied by the formation of a tense immunity that protects them from the disease.

Currently, in many pig farms, vaccination of pigs against RRSS is included in the mandatory program of preventive vaccinations against infectious diseases.
Diagnosis and surgical treatment open ductus arteriosus in corgi and pomeranian dogs
Authors: Trunov A. A. , Kadyrov R. R. , Videnin V. N.
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the results of a clinical and experimental study of determining the clinical effectiveness of surgical treatment of animals with patent ductus arteriosus using open ligation and endovascular occlusion using the example of dogs of the Corgi and Spitz breeds. A retrospective study, the morphofunctional state of the cardiovascular system was assessed before and after surgery. The total sample consisted of 25 animals. Diagnosis of this defect was carried out by auscultation and using echocardiography [ultrasound]. During auscultation, a systolic-diastolic murmur is heard. On ultrasound, the normalized parameters were compared before and after surgery. Animals with critical pulmonary hypertension were excluded from the study, since this complication is a contraindication for surgical treatment. In the postoperative period, the animals after open correction of the defect recovered longer and needed more prolonged analgesia than animals after endovascular treatment. After open treatment with thoracotomy, the animals were in the intensive care unit for a day, and after transcatheter surgery - 6-12 hours. After that, all animals were discharged for outpatient treatment. After closure of the duct, all dogs with a congenital defect became more active, their general condition improved, shortness of breath during physical exertion disappeared, and the respiratory rate decreased significantly. It was found that corgi are more difficult to tolerate this defect than Spitz dogs. They had a more frequent complication in the form of pulmonary hypertension. One year after the surgical treatment, when performing echocardiography, the indicators of the morphofunctional state of the heart were normalized.
The influence of immunomodulators on the morpho biochemical status and development of calves in early postnatal ontogenesis
Authors: Nikolaev S. V.
Published: January 2022

The influence of early immunological stimulation on the dynamics of the morphobiochemical composition of blood and the increase in live weight in calves of the black-and-white Holstein breed was evaluated. For the experiment, 3 groups of young animals were formed at the age of 7 days, 10 calves in each. The first group of animals was injected with 500 UNITS of bovine recombinant interferon-a2b, the second group used denatured emulsified placenta (PDE) of 5 ml, the third group of calves served as a control, where saline solution was used. The treatments were performed twice with an interval of 7 days. Blood collection was carried out before injections, on 7 and 14 days after the start of the experiment. After a single admin istration of interferon, an increase in urea level was observed by 44.7% (P< 0.05), while the indicator was higher by 13.6...37.5% (P < 0.01) in relation to the group of calves treated with PDE. The activity of transaminases in the experimental groups did not have significant dynamics, when in control calves AST increased by 28.9% (P≤0.05), and ALT by 2.3...2.7 times (P≤0.05...0.01). The activity of alkaline phosphatase in calves treated with PDE and saline solution was stable, in the first group the indicator decreased by 16.2...17.6% (P≤0.05...0.01), which is less by 21.8% (P≤0.05) in relation to the group of calves treated with PDE and by 45.5% (P≤0.05) in relation to the control. In the first group of calves, there was a decrease in total (by 46.7%, P < 0.05) and free bilirubin (by 37.2%, P < 0.01). The total bilirubin decreased by 47.5% (P < 0.01) in the young animals injected with PDE, while the indicator increased slightly in the control group. Under the influence of interferon, BASC increased by 30.9% (P < 0.05) after the first injection and by 43.2% (P < 0.05) after the second injection. Double administration of PDE contributed to an increase in BASC by 42.0% (P≤0.05). LASC in the first group increased by 47.1% (P≤0.05), which is higher than the control animals by 19.0...38.9% (P≤0.05). In the third group, there was also an increase in WEASELS at the time of the last blood collection (by 40.0%, P<0.05), while in calves that were injected with PDE, the increase in the indicator was not significant. The increase in live weight in the first three months of life during the use of interferon was greater by 7.3 kg or 12.7% (P >< 0.05) compared to the control group and by 3.2 kg or 5.1% compared to the group treated with PDE.
Genetic variability of genetic chicken breeds estimated based on SNPS analysis in the PPARG gene
Authors: Larkina T. A. , Krutikova A. A. , Peglivanyan G. K. , Dementiev N. V.
Published: January 2022

Obesity of chickens significantly reduces the efficiency of feeding, egg production, palatability of meat carcasses, slaughter yield, consumer value, and there is also such an ecological aspect as the problem of fat utilization. The search for SNPs in genes involved in lipid metabolism is an important task today for modern research in the field of poultry farming. Differences in carcass fat between breeds and lines within a breed illustrate the importance of genetic factors in lipid metabolism in chickens. The aim of the study was to find and analyze SNPs in the PPARG gene by sequencing in various chicken breeds (n = 83). The objects of the study were chickens from the VNIIGZh bioresource collection "Genetic collection of rare and endangered chicken breeds" (Pushkin, St. Petersburg) of various productivity trends (n = 83). Blood for DNA isolation was taken from hens at the age of 330 days from a wing vein into a microtube containing 50 μl of 0.5 mM EDTA as an anticoagulant. Prior to use, blood samples were stored at -200C. Genomic DNA was isolated using a standard phenolic-detergent method. The concentration and purity of the samples were determined using a NanoDrop 2000 instrument (Thermo Fisher, USA).

Analysis of the polymorphism of the regulatory region of the PPARG gene was carried out by sequencing. The primer design was carried out on the basis of information from the Internet database.The studies were carried out on the basis of the laboratory of molecular genetics of the RRIFAGB. Genetic variability for rs314476701 of the PPARG gene was determined in the analyzed breeds. SNP rs316237745 revealed a strong shift of the A.
Results of blood study in hypotrophic calves obtained from cows with signs of hepatopthy
Authors: Nikitina A. A.
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the results of hematological research in young cattle, which were obtained from mothers cows with hepatopathy. It was determined that most often in such calves, in comparison with calves obtained from clinically healthy cows, signs of anemia are observed, expressed in erythropenia and hypochromia of erythrocytes, a decrease in hematocrit to 0.281 ± 0.009 l / l, as well as signs of metabolic disorders - hypoproteinemia , decreased lipid concentration and hyperbilirubinemia.
Evaluation of the effect of antibacterial and probiotic drugs on morphological changes in the body of broiler chickens
Authors: Lebedeva I. A. , Novikova M. V. , Kundryukova U. I. , Drozdova L. I.
Published: January 2022

The results of a comparative histological study of the morphological reaction of parenchymal organs and organs of the immune system in broiler chickens using antibiotics and probiotics showed a positive effect of the probiotic drug on the body of broiler chickens of the experimental group. Two groups were formed according to the principle of analogues, a control and an experimental group of 35 heads each. Chickens of the control and experimental groups received the antibiotic enrofloxacin twice for 3 days up to 14 days of age according to the scheme of prevention of infectious diseases. Chickens of the experimental group received a feed additive (probiotic) based on microorganisms Bifidobacterium animalis from day 15 to 30. In a comparative study of the thymus of broiler chickens of the experimental group, the predominance of the cortical substance over the cerebral substance was noted in most of the lobules located on the periphery, and only in the merged lobules of the middle part of the thymus, the brain zone with a significant number of Ghassal bodies prevailed, a pseudoeosinophilic reaction was noted in the brain zone of the experimental chickens, as a result of the utilization of deposits and purification of the organ from the cells of the dead by the type of apoptosis. Histological studies of the spleen revealed activation of lymphoid follicles: in the chickens of the control group they were single on the preparation, and in the chickens of the experimental group there were three or more of them in one field of view. This indicates the activation of humoral immunity in chickens of the experimental group.In the study of the pancreas in chickens of the experimental group, a positive tendency was noted to increase the number and size of the islets of Langerhans, which regulate the function of carbohydrate metabolism.Analysis of the results of a comparative histological study of the morphological reaction of parenchymal organs and organs of the immune system showed that a number of reversible and irreversible pathological changes in organs were noted in the control group. Whereas in the experimental group where the probiotic was used, the organs corresponded to the physiological norm, which indicates a positive effect on the organs and on the body as a whole.
Comparative analysis of the requirements of regulatory documents for the quality and safety of raw milk in the EAEU states
Authors: Smirnov A. V.
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the requirements of regulatory documents of national standards of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan for the safety and quality of raw milk. We have conducted a comprehensive analysis of the requirements of TR CU 033/2013, GOST 31449-2013 and national products GOST R 52054-2003, ST RK 1760-2008, STB 1598-2006 in terms of requirements for the quality and safety of raw milk in these regulatory documents. Based on the documentary analysis of regulatory documents, the main indicators of the quality and safety of raw milk and the requirements for them in the states of the Eurasian Economic Union were identified and differences in the criteria for evaluating the varietal indicators of raw milk were identified.
Comparative antimicrobial activity of AQUAdes-NUK 5 against S. typhimurium
Authors: Pugach O. P. , Andreeva N. I. , Kuzmin V. A. , Lunegov A. M.
Published: January 2022

The article provides information on the determination of the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of the disinfectants AQUAdes-NUK 5, Desinfexan and IncimaxxDES in relation to Salmonella typhimurium. The activity of disinfectants AQUAdes-NUK 5, Desinfexan and IncimaxxDES in the framework of determining their bactericidal activity and the severity of bacteriostatic properties was studied by the method of serial dilution, in which daily cultures of Salmonella typhimurium were used. During the research, the minimum concentrations were established at which bactericidal activity was manifested and a pronounced bacteriostatic effect was obtained. After processing the results obtained, we can conclude that the disinfectant AQUAdez-NUK 5 has a bacteriostatic effect on S. typhimurium at a concentration of 0.004%, but a pronounced bactericidal effect occurs only at a concentration of 0.008%. The degree of effect of IncimaxxDES disinfectant on S. typhimurium characterizes this agent as highly effective for disinfection when contaminated with this pathogenic microorganism. In particular, the bacteriostatic effect could be ascertained when the concentration reached 0.002%, the bactericidal effect at the 0.008% concentration, which indicates the high efficiency of the drug.Disinfexan has a pronounced antimicrobial effect, the bactericidal effect on S. typhimurium occurred at a similar dilution of 0.002%, and the bacteriostatic effect was manifested at lower dilutions of 0.0005%. In studies on the setting of control during bacteriological examination of the means AQUAdes-NUK 5, IncimaxxDES and Desinfexan, the growth of microorganisms was observed in test tubes into which the culture of S. typhimurium was enucleated. There was no growth in a test tube with the addition of distilled water to the BCH. The results obtained prove that the new disinfectant AQUAdes-NUK 5 exhibits pronounced bactericidal activity against the test microorganism S. typhimurium.
Results of a study of goat blood in the diagnosis of ketosis
Authors: Nikitina A. A.
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of a screening study in ketosis in goats of the Saanen breed of industrial dairy content. As a result of the work, it was determined that up to 50% of the total livestock suffers from subclinical ketosis. Sick animals have protein metabolism disorders - hyperproteinemia without dysproteinemia, and pigment metabolism disorders - hyperbilirubinemia, the concentration of β-ketones in their blood increases to 0,9 mmol/l.
Diagnostics and treatment of high productive cows patients with ketosis in the conditions of the natural-technogenic province of the Middle Urals
Authors: Gertman A. M. , Samsonova T. S. , Yakovlev A. V.
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of a study on the diagnosis and effectiveness of therapy methods for cows with ketosis. The aim is to evaluate the methods of diagnostics and treatment of highly productive cows with ketosis in the natural and technogenic province of the Middle Urals. Experimental studies were carried out on the territory of the Sverdlovsk region. Research material - feed samples, fresh cows, biological material from highly productive cows (blood, urine, milk). Sample preparation and study were carried out by methods generally accepted in zoo technical and veterinary practice.The analysis revealed a concentrate type of feeding, an imbalance of the main nutrients (protein, sugar, fiber), a deficiency of essential trace elements (copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese), an excess of iron, the presence of heavy metals (nickel, lead, cadmium). All of these factors lead to the development of ketosis. On the farm, the disease is recorded in 13.6% of the number of calves. Ketosis manifests itself clinically (acetone odor of the skin and exhaled air, depression, immobility, decreased appetite to anorexia, cachexia, hypolactia and deterioration in milk quality, scar hypotension, hepatomegaly, liver tenderness, defecation disorder), hematologically (hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperbiliminemia, hyperbiliminemia hypercreatininemia, hypoglycemia, hyperlactatemia, hyperketonemia and mineral imbalance), confirmed by the presence of ketone bodies in urine and milk.The complex treatment of cows in the experimental group included a long diet, pathogenetic, substitution, detoxification and physiotherapy. The control group was not detoxified. The treatment was carried out for 20 days, and dietary and physiotherapy - 45 days. Significant changes have been achieved in the experimental group. On the 20th day, the level of trace elements in the blood of cows increased, and iron and toxic elements decreased in comparison with the background. The concentration of glucose increased, ketone bodies - decreased, not reaching the norm. The concentration of serum lactate, AST, bilirubin indicates incomplete recovery of the liver. The therapy carried out in the experimental groups has a positive effect, but does not lead to a complete recovery of the cows with ketosis.
Diagnostics of colitis in dogs using additional methods of research
Authors: Trushkin V. A.
Published: January 2022

Digestive system pathologies make up a significant part of cases of internal non-communicable diseases in dogs, and colitis is not the least of them. The disease occurs in dogs of all breeds and ages. Colitis is accompanied by a decrease or complete lack of appetite, diarrhea, dehydration, fever, and flatulence and soreness in the intestines. The aim of this study was to show the relevance of using different instrumental and laboratory methods for diagnosing colitis in dogs. The study was carried out on dogs of various breeds and ages, which were subjected to general methods of examination, radiological and endoscopic, followed by examination of biopsies obtained using targeted biopsy. X-ray diagnostics of the intestines in dogs with colitis revealed deformation of the folds of the intestinal mucosa, as well as disturbances in peristalsis. Colonoscopy revealed changes in the mucous membrane of the colon: hyperemia, edema, reduction or complete absence of folding, changes in the vascular pattern, mucus, petechiae, superficial ulcers. The histology of biopsy specimens of the colon mucous membrane of dogs with colitis made it possible to determine the severity of inflammatory processes in the colon and to confirm the pathology found during endoscopic examination for an accurate diagnosis. In the course of the work, it was shown that the most informative method for diagnosing colitis is endoscopic examination with targeted biopsy and subsequent histological examination of the samples obtained.
RESPON PETANI TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN POC URINE SAPI PADA PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN PAKCOY (Brassica rapa L.)
Authors: Sudirman Andi Muchtar , Arinong Abdul Rahman , Ramli Ramli
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon petani terhadap efektifitas pemberian POC urine sapi pada pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman pakcoy. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan BPP Bulu Ballea, Desa Kanreapia Kecamatan Tombolo Pao Kabupaten Gowa pada bulan April sampai Juni 2019. Kajian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan, yaitu P0 : Tanpa Perlakuan  POC urin sapi, P1 : Pemberian POC urin sapi dosis 100 ml per liter  air ,P2 : Pemberian POC urin sapi dosis 200 ml per liter, P3 : Pemberian POC urin sapi dosis 300 ml per liter air, dan 3 kali ulangan sehingga terdapat 12 plot perlakuan. Parameter pengamatan meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan berat basah pakcoy. Pemberian POC urin sapi pada pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman pakcoy dengan perlakuan P3 (POC urine sapi dosis 300 ml/liter air) memberikan hasil terbaik pada tinggi tanaman yaitu 21,19 cm dan berat basah yaitu 111,80 gram dan jumlah daun 11,00 helai.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS MIE MELALUI MODIFIKASI TEPUNG KEDELAI MENDUKUNG PEMANFAATAN BAHAN PANGAN LOKAL
Authors: Suriany Suriany , Dewayani Wanti , Idaryani Idaryani , Reswita Reswita , Arief Farida , Halil Warda
Published: January 2022

Peningkatan kualitas mie melalui modofikasi tepung kedelai mendukung pemanfaatan bahan pangan lokal bertujuan (1) untuk meningkatkan kualitas mie, (2) mendapatkan proporsi tepung kedelai yang tepat dalam pembuatan mie, dan (3) untuk meningkatkan pemnfaatan pangan local.  Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai Bulan Januari sampai Desember 2019. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak lengkap 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah penggunaan tepung kedelai dari 3 varietas yaitu Detap 1, Deja 1 dan Dena, sedangkan factor kedua adalah proporsi penggunaan tepung kedelai yaitu 0%; 20%; 40% dan 50%. Setiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali.  Data yang diamati meliputi sifat fisik dan kimia produk serta uji organoleptic untuk mengetahui tingkat penerimaan konsumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perlakuan dengan substitusi tepung kedelai sebesar 20–40% adonan dapat dicetak menjadi mie dengan kualitas baik.  Perlakuan dengan substitusi 20% tepung kedelai memberi skore tertinggi dan disenangi panelis.