bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factitious Disorders with Predominantly Psychological Signs and Symptoms: A Conundrum for Forensic Experts
Authors: Rogers Richard , Bagby R. Michael , Vincent Alex
Published: September 2018

We conducted the first systematic comparison of patients with Factitious Disorders with Predominantly Psychological Symptoms (FDPS), suspected malingerers, and psychiatric inpatients; all the subjects were recruited from a forensic clinic. Through the employment of the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS), we failed to find consistent differences on SIRS scales between nine FDPS patients and 25 suspected malingerers. However, investigation of individual SIRS items was moderately successful in distinguishing groups. Because of these relatively modest results and the absence of other validation, we questioned the diagnostic validity of FDPS and recommended its placement as provisional diagnosis. We also discuss the implications of FDPS for forensic experts consulting to the courts.
Resolving Hospital Conflicts: A Study on Therapeutic Jurisprudence
Authors: Susman Jack
Published: September 2018

In recently ruling that psychiatric patients' right to refuse treatment was Constitutionally protected, the U.S. Supreme Court sought to protect this right by mandating procedural protections for it. I conducted a study of patients' perceptions of the fairness of disputing norms compared with disputing law in psychiatric hospitals. Using the psychological theory of procedural justice, I collected data on mental patients' perceptions of the fairness of dispute resolution procedures used by nurses compared with procedures legislatively imposed, court sanctioned, and used by doctors. I found that patients perceived disputing norm processes utilized by nurses, indigenous to hospital culture, to be fairer than disputing law procedures utilized by psychiatrists to resolve treatment disputes. This is contrary to the goal of the Supreme Court in ruling in favor of treatment refusal and imposing disputing law on mental hospitals.
Assessing the Quality of Expert Testimony in Cases Involving Children
Authors: Newman Stephen A.
Published: September 2018

Mental health experts must be held to a high standard of quality when presenting opinions in legal cases involving children. This article sets forth a number of suggestions for judges, lawyers, and mental health professionals themselves to consider in preparing, scrutinizing, and judging the quality of forensic reports and testimony. The many pitfalls of forensic work need to be understood if such expertise is to be given its proper weight in these cases.
Silence or Death: The Limits of Confidentiality When a Psychotherapist is Threatened by the Patient
Authors: Leong Gregory B. , Eth Spencer , Silva J. Arturo
Published: September 2018

When considering clinician safety, the threatening and/or assaultive patient quickly comes to mind. The authors discuss the ethical and legal dilemmas in a different type of situation resting on the boundary of confidentiality. In this case, a patient convincingly admits, during a therapy session, to having committed a serious crime and subsequently threatens the psychotherapist in an effort to enforce the therapist's silence about that crime.
Jail Recidivism and the Intensity of case Management Services among Homeless Persons with Mental Illness Leaving Jail
Authors: Draine Jeffrey , Solomon Phyllis
Published: September 2018

Sixty-five homeless mentally ill clients leaving jail were followed into the community for six months after being assigned an intensive case manager upon leaving jail. With demographic and clinical controls, service intensity variables were entered into an event history analysis to predict jail recidivism by service month. Less satisfaction with quality of life, fewer case management services provided in clients' homes, more service time face to face with case managers, and more services involving interaction with other providers were associated with return to jail within six months. Special attention needs to be paid to the appropriate intensity of services and the overreliance of public mental health service providers on monitoring, as opposed to treatment for forensic clients with mental illness, who are especially vulnerable to the stresses of poverty, addiction, homelessness and arrest.
Psychotherapists' Fear of Tarasoff: All in the Mind?
Authors: Mangalmurti Vikram S.
Published: September 2018

This article analyzes the effect of Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California on the therapeutic community. It is the thesis of the paper that, in the long term, Tarasoff s effect is fairly limited. The Tarasoff doctrine should not overly concern the therapeutic community; it does not set a standard of care that is particularly onerous, nor does it stray from the underlying ethical standards of the therapeutic community. Tarasoff 's great service was to make explicit the duty that physicians and quasi-physicians owe to society. Tarasoff at one time galvanized therapists against legal encroachments upon their practice. Today it should be seen as an old dog whose bark is significantly more effective than its bite.
Criminal-justice-related competencies in defendants with mental retardation
Authors: Appelbaum Kenneth L. , Appelbaum Paul S.
Published: September 2018

Individuals with mental retardation have impairments in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. These impairments can affect trial-related competencies during criminal proceedings. Problems can arise at three stages of criminal proceedings: confession and waiver, proceeding to trial, and functioning at trial. The authors review the effects of mental retardation on general functioning and the potential trial-related consequences of these impairments. A companion paper provides guidance for detecting mental retardation during forensic evaluations.
The admissibility of expert testimony on the battered woman syndrome in homicide cases
Authors: Blowers Anita Neuberger , Bjerregaard Beth
Published: September 2018

This paper examines the issue of the battered woman syndrome in homicide cases where the woman killed her abuser. In particular, state appellate court decisions where the admissibility of the battered woman syndrome was a central issue are analyzed to determine the extent to which courts have been admitting or excluding expert testimony in these cases. Our findings suggest that although courts today are more willing to accept expert testimony on the battered woman syndrome, there is a lack of uniformity among the courts regarding the criteria utilized to determine admissibility.
Lawyers in distress
Authors: Elwork Amiram , Andrew G. , Benjamin H.
Published: September 2018

A significant number of lawyers experience such a high level of distress at work that it damages their physical and mental health, as well as their ability to represent clients. This article introduces a conceptual model designed to understand, evaluate and improve the condition of lawyers through a multidisciplinary approach that involves the expertise of both legal and mental health researchers. The model is used as a framework for a literature review on what is known about the stressors that affect lawyers and for an examination of the consequences that such stressors have on lawyers, litigants and the legal system. In addition, a number of individual and systemic intervention strategies are proposed to prevent, reduce and treat distress among lawyers.
How adequate are Oklahoma's mental health evaluations for determining competency in criminal proceedings? the bench and the bar respond
Authors: Lafortune Kathryn A. , Nicholson Robert A.
Published: September 2018

The perceptions of frontline legal professionals constitute an important but often neglected source of information about the construct of criminal competence and the referral and evaluation process. To address this deficit, we surveyed attorneys and judges who were practicing in the two largest cities in Oklahoma. Respondents (n = 110) estimated that competency was a legitimate issue in about 5% of criminal cases and that they referred only two-thirds of those cases for formal evaluation. Psychiatrists were the first choice of most attorneys to conduct the evaluations, even though psychiatric evaluations were not perceived as being more valid than evaluations conducted by doctoral level psychologists. Respondents strongly favored the outpatient mode of evaluation and judged outpatient reports to be of better quality than inpatient reports. Finally, in response to both structured and open-ended questions, attorneys expressed concern about inadequacies in descriptions of the factual bases for examiners' opinions and requested more specific information concerning defendants' functional abilities.
A contribution to the theory of psychoanalytic victimology
Authors: Goreta Miroslav
Published: September 2018

On the basis of literature and his own long experience in giving expert opinions within the framework of forensic psychiatry, the author presents a survey of contemporary psychoanalytical concepts that could be the basis for a more comprehensive theory of psychoanalytical victimology. In the discussion about these problems the author emphasizes the following psychoanalytical concepts: unconscious feelings of guilt and an unconscious need for punishment, repetition compulsion, progressive exhaustion of defense mechanisms in long sadomasochistic relationships, projective transposition of suicidal impulses from the victim into the offender, etc. The author illustrates the theoretical discussion about the above-mentioned concepts with short studies of case reports from his own psychoanalytically oriented researches of forensic cases. Finally, he explains the possibilities of practical application of these concepts in the wider framework of forensic and psychiatric practice, and he focuses on its connection with the victimological dimension of assessment of criminal responsibility and mental competency.
Retractors of false memories: The evolution of pseudo-memories
Authors: Lief Harold I. , Fetkewicz Janet
Published: September 2018

The formation of pseudomemories and the subsequent methods used by subjects to eventually distinguish between true and false memories are the primary foci of this study.

A survey instrument was distributed to 100 “retractors” after an initial telephone interview with False Memory Syndrome Foundation (FMSF) staff. Forty respondents (40% of the subjects) who returned the questionnaire comprise our study population. The survey inquired about personal and family information, events surrounding the subject's accusations of sexual abuse, childhood history, and the subject's reflections on his or her experience. The process of the development of pseudomemories is highlighted.

Subjects also described their feelings and experiences in open-ended questions, including their subjective experience as memories evolved, factors influencing thoughts, feelings and doubts, the process of questioning memories, the process of restoring relationships with family members, and uncertainties about views of memories currently held.

We focus on the evolution of pseudomemories, especially the influence of the therapist; we explore the nature of therapy, one that makes an ill patient much worse and that eventually becomes so onerous that patients who still have some remaining reality-testing flee from therapy.
Remembering childhood sexual abuse in therapy: Psychotherapists' self-reported beliefs, practices, and experiences
Authors: Lindsay D. Stephen , Poole Debra A.
Published: September 2018

We attempt to situate the controversy regarding the use of memory recovery techniques in psychotherapy in its broader cultural context and then briefly review the highlights of recent surveys of U.S. and British psychotherapists' beliefs, practices, and experiences regarding clients' memories of childhood sexual abuse (D.A. Poole, D.S. Lindsay, A. Memon & R. Bull, in press, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology' The surveys document that use of memory recovery techniques in psychotherapy is widespread, although they also reveal that most practitioners do not have an overarching focus on childhood sexual abuse and that there is considerable disagreement about which symptoms are indicators of abuse histories and which memory recovery techniques should and should not be used to search for memories of childhood abuse.
Transsexualism in Medicolegal Limine: An Examination and a Proposal for Change
Authors: Loue Sana
Published: September 2018

This article investigates transsexualism and our creation of a state of medicolegal limine for transsexuals. The article addresses transsexuality as it is currently defined and explores our dichotomization of sex and gender. The author discusses both the social construction and the praxis of transsexuality, highlighting the medicolegal implications resulting from our current approach to transsexuality. The author argues that the creation of a medicolegal limine essentially prevents transsexuals from ever integrating fully as a member of one sex or gender, while simultaneously preventing the larger society from reconsidering its definitions of sex and gender. The article concludes with a summary of current challenges to our model of transsexualism and with suggestions for the resolution of this liminal medicolegal phase.
Custodial Arrangements and Parental Conflict following Divorce: The Impact on Children's Adjustment
Authors: Twaite James A. , Luchow Anya K.
Published: September 2018

This article presents a review of the substantial literature concerned with the question of how children from divorced families adjust under different custodial arrangements. Existing empirical research tends to be methodologically weak, and the results reported have been inconsistent. Moreover, the level of interparental conflict present in the family before and after the divorce appears to be a powerful mediating variable that affects children's adaptation to different custodial situations. It is concluded that custodial decisions should be made on an individual basis, with no presumption that custody should be awarded to either the mother or the father. It is clear that regardless of the decision regarding custody, parents should be educated regarding the importance of avoiding overt hostility and establishing a workable co-parenting relationship.
Orestes in Southern California: A Forensic Case of Matricide
Authors: Meloy J. Reid
Published: September 2018

The author presents an unusual case study of matricide, one in which the perpetrator, a 33-year-old poet and actor, acted out the role of Orestes in real life. The biogenic basis of his mental illness, schizoaffective disorder, was exacerbated by a developmental trauma—the loss of his father to polio and of his mother to psychosis—as a toddler. The only psychotic avenue to his masculine identification and separation from his mother as an adult was murder.
Characteristics of Previously Forgotten Memories of Sexual Abuse: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Roe Catherine M. , Schwartz Mark F.
Published: September 2018

The present study is a first attempt to describe what people remember when they initially recall childhood sexual abuse after a period of self-reported amnesia for that abuse. Subjects were 52 white women who had previously been hospitalized for treatment of sexual trauma. Participants completed a questionnaire that inquired about their first suspicions of having been sexually abused, their first memories of sexual abuse, other memories of abuse, and details of their abuse history. Participants were more likely to recall part of an abuse episode, as opposed to an entire abuse episode, following a period of no memory of the abuse. Additionally, first memories tended to be described as vivid rather than vague. Descriptive statistics are used to present and summarize additional findings.
A Field Study of “False Memory Syndrome”: Construct Validity and Incidence
Authors: Hovdestad Wendy E. , Kristiansen Connie M.
Published: September 2018

False memory syndrome (FMS) is described as a serious form of psychopathology characterized by strongly believed pseudomemories of childhood sexual abuse. A literature review revealed four clusters of symptoms underlying the syndrome regarding victims' belief in their memories of abuse and their identity as survivors, their current interpersonal relationships, their trauma symptoms across the lifespan, and the characteristics of their therapy experiences. The validity of these clusters was examined using data from a community sample of 113 women who identified themselves as survivors of girlhood sexual abuse. Examining the discriminant validity of these criteria revealed that participants who had recovered memories of their abuse (n = 51), and who could therefore potentially have FMS, generally did not differ from participants with continuous memories (n = 49) on indicators of these criteria. Correlational analyses also indicated that these criteria typically failed to converge. Further, despite frequent claims that FMS is occurring in epidemic proportions, only 3.9%-13.6% of the women with a recovered memory satisfied the diagnostic criteria, and women with continuous memories were equally unlikely to meet these criteria. The implications of these findings for FMS theory and the delayed-memory debate more generally are discussed.
Expanding Tarasoff: Protecting Patients and the Public by Keeping Subsequent Caregivers Informed
Authors: Meyers Charles J.
Published: September 2018

A California appellate decision uses a Tarasoff analysis to remind mental health professionals that they have a duty to communicate serious threats and known dangers not only to their patients' readily identifiable victims but also to their patients' subsequent caregivers. It also serves notice that the Tarasoff duty can be extended to threats of suicide. Positing a hierarchy of threats and duties implied in the laws that make therapists responsible for intervening to prevent their patients from doing harm, the author suggests courses of action for each step of the hierarchy. The more dangerous the patient, the more aggressive is the expected intervention on the part of the therapist.
Toward a Sociological Model of Residential Treatment
Authors: Chester Timothy M.
Published: September 2018

Philosophical, social, and political changes have created the opportunity for sociology to enter arenas to which it has previously been denied access. Specifically, I am referring to an opportunity for sociology to provide a model of sociological treatment for adolescents who have been exposed to traumatic life events and as a recourse been labeled “emotionally disturbed” by the psychological establishment. Using an interpretative approach, I recast work from neurobiology, psychology, and sociology into a theoretical model that explains how traumatic life events developmentally influence an individual to intuitively think and act in ways that are labeled as deviant. This model is conceptually compatible with the deviance literature, especially the social bonding, social learning, and labeling perspectives. Based on this model, a broad model of treatment can be conceptualized that places emphasis on the treatment environment and adult-child interactions as opposed to psychological models that stress behavior modification and formal therapy.
The Long-term Impact of Parental Abduction on Children: Implications for Treatment
Authors: Greif Geoffrey L.
Published: September 2018

Parental abduction is believed to exact a significant emotional cost from the children who are the objects of such actions. This article, drawing on longitudinal survey data, examines the change in children that occurs at two different time periods following the children's return to their searching parents. It is a followup to an earlier article published in this journal. The long-term impact on children of being victims of abduction is also discussed. Implications for therapists treating these children and their parents are included.
Winter/Summer Divorce
Authors: Margulies Sam
Published: September 2018

Marriages between an older man and a younger woman frequently end in divorce because the couple is unable to negotiate a critical change in the relationship. Such marriages are often based on an implicit contract in which the wife achieves rapid economic and professional advancement by marrying a successful and wealthier man while the husband gets an adoring and submissive wife who accepts his domination. This works only until the wife matures and demands a more equal relationship. This demand is often experienced by the husband as a breach of their contract and a betrayal of the marital agreement. An inability on his part to renegotiate the relationship is generally the precursor to divorce. This article explores the psychodynamics of such relationships as well as the counseling and legal issues raised by these divorces.
The Assessment of Dangerousness in New York State: The Impact of the George “L.” Decision
Authors: Kirschner Stuart M.
Published: September 2018

The disposition of individuals who are acquitted by reason of insanity is directly influenced by assessments of dangerousness. Risk assessments should be presented as the probability that a given type of behavior will occur, taking into account both personality and situational variables. However, clinicians are at times mandated to answer the “ultimate question,” and it is often difficult to follow recommended risk-assessment procedures. Legislative statutes and case law may have a direct bearing on risk-assessment procedures. This paper explores how a recent New York State Court of Appeals decision has had a dramatic impact on the assessment and treatment of insanity acquittees in New York State. Case illustrations are presented. Although, the statutes and the decisions cited in the paper are endemic to one state, the issues that are discussed would clearly have relevance for assessing dangerousness in other venues.
The Nature of Memory: Controversies about Retrieved Memories and the Law of Evidence
Authors: All Jeannine Wood
Published: September 2018

The psychological debate about the nature of memory has taken center stage in Canadian courtrooms. Retrieved-memory cases have sparked a controversy within the mental health and legal disciplines. Some experts argue that early memories of abuse that have been repressed cannot be fully retrieved in adulthood without major distortion. Others say that such memories could not be repressed at all, while still others contend that false memories may easily be implanted by therapists. While the very nature of memory is intangible, Canadian courts must find ways, by altering evidentiary procedures, to come closer to probabilities of truth. When we question the nature of memory we foray into theories of consciousness. Thus courts face the difficult task of seeking the truth about the past when the past itself is filtered through memory. Since memory necessarily involves the rewriting of personal identity through the subjective reinterpretation of the past, traditional procedures in the law of evidence must be reexamined and ultimately relaxed in the context of retrieved-memory cases.
On the Szaszian Argument
Authors: Dilts Stephen L.
Published: September 2018

The Szaszian argument claims that psychiatry is a rhetorical enterprise aimed at providing justification for involuntary treatment. Such treatment, the argument holds, is just when provided to those suffering from demonstrable brain lesions, but it is unjust in cases of “mental illness” because such “illnesses” lack objective histopathology and are therefore fictional. It is here argued that this distinction is irrelevant to the morality or immorality of involuntary treatment, since such treatment inevitably rests on a subjective determination of competency or dangerousness, which is not rendered substantially more objective by the criterion of histopathology. The Szaszian argument subscribes to a naturalistic fallacy in this regard, which leads it to inconsistencies in its philosophy of mind.
Divorce Mediation: Promises, Criticisms, Achievements, and Current Challenges
Authors: Twaite James A. , Keiser Susan , Luchow Anya K.
Published: September 2018

This review article focuses on the claims made by the proponents of divorce mediation regarding the efficiency, accessibility, relevance and self-empowering potential of this dispute-resolution technique in comparison to litigation. The review also considers criticisms that have been leveled at divorce mediation: that efficiency is purchased at the price of fairness; that accessibility comes at the expense of quality; that personal relevance implies poor outcomes for the weaker spouse; that pursuit of self-empowerment detracts from the primary goal of achieving a satisfactory and durable settlement. Based on existing empirical research on the outcomes of mediation, it is concluded that this approach is superior to litigation. Current challenges to mediation are identified and discussed.
Blessed are the Peacemakers: Immunity from Civil Lawsuits for Therapists who act as Mediators
Authors: Scalise David G. , Farmer Kevin P.
Published: September 2018

The doctrine of judicial immunity holds that a judge cannot be sued for his or her judicial performance even if the judge acts intentionally or with malice. The doctrine has been expanded to include those who assist the judiciary such as mediators. In addition, mental health professionals who, acting pursuant to a court order, evaluate a criminal defendant's competency to stand trial or interview children in neglect proceedings have been accorded quasi-judicial immunity. The authors address the issue of whether immunity exists for therapists who mediate without court approval. Drawing on precedent establishing such protection for court-appointed therapists, the article makes the case for expanding the doctrine to embrace private practitioners. When therapists work with individuals to help them resolve their disputes, the authors contend, they are acting like judges and are deserving of similar protection. The policy factors and precedent militating in favor of extending immunity are explored, as are suggestions for making immunity explicit in the therapist-disputant agreement.
Narrowcasting collective memory online: ‘liking’ Stalin in Russian social media
Authors: Khlevnyuk Daria
Published: September 2018

The Internet has transformed history and collective memory. Narratives of the past are produced and perceived faster and by larger communities. In other words, the Internet facilitates the most pervasive broadcasting of historical narratives ever known. However, it is not only speed and reach that characterize the impact of the digital revolution on memory cultures. It has also led to a shift from broadcasting to narrowcasting, propelled by a growing number of online memory agents. As a great number of people have access to the Internet, even memory agents with a particular view on the past can find their audience. Thus, the Internet, and social media in particular, facilitates the fragmentation of memory and narrowcasting. To illustrate this point, I studied Russian social media groups dedicated to the adoration of Stalin. Generally, Stalinists are perceived as a homogeneous group sharing a glorified memory of the Soviet leader. However, my analysis reveals that there are at least three types of online Stalinism that promote different narratives and have different agendas. This finding is not merely shedding new light on the persistence of the Stalin cult, but is also theoretically generative, indicating additional conditions for the fragmentation of memories in countries with contested and toxic pasts.
Sincerity, authenticity and profilicity: Notes on the problem, a vocabulary and a history of identity
Authors: Moeller Hans-Georg , D’Ambrosio Paul J.
Published: September 2018

This essay attempts to provide a preliminary outline of a theory of identity. The first section addresses what the sociologist Niklas Luhmann has called ‘the problem of identity’, or, in other words, the mind–society (rather than the mind–body) problem: In how far can the internal (psychological) self and the external (social) persona be integrated into a unit? The second section of the essay briefly defines a basic vocabulary of a theory of identity. ‘Identity’ is understood as the existentially necessary formation of a coherence between the ‘self’ (the ‘I’ as it is experienced in thoughts and feelings), its body and its social ‘persona’ (the individual person with its social attributes). Three different major paradigms of identity formation are distinguished from one another: a sincere identity is constructed through a firm commitment of the self to its social roles; an authentic identity is constructed through the creation of a social persona on the basis of one’s unique and original self; a ‘profilic’ identity, as we call it, is shaped by successfully presenting a personal profile under conditions of second-order observation as they prevail, for instance, in the social media, but also in other contemporary social systems. In the third section of the essay, we present a sketch of the historical sequence of these three paradigms of identity. Although these paradigms are not mutually exclusive and can coexist, it seems that sincerity flourished in pre-modern society, while authenticity came to prominence along with the functional differentiation of modern society and is now, along with the increased significance of second-order observation, gradually overshadowed by the influence of profilicity.
Role of microRNA-126 in vascular cognitive impairment in mice
Authors: Yu Peng , Venkat Poornima , Chopp Michael , Zacharek Alex , Shen Yi , Ning Ruizhuo , Liang Linlin , Li Wei , Zhang Li , Landschoot-Ward Julie , Jiang RongCai , Chen Jieli
Published: September 2018

Vascular dementia (VaD) affects cognition and memory. MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) is an angiogenic microRNA that regulates vascular function. In this study, we employ a multiple microinfarction (MMI) model to induce VaD in mice, and investigate VaD-induced cognitive dysfunction, white matter (WM) damage, glymphatic dysfunction and the role of miR-126 in mediating these effects. Male six-to eight-months old C57/BL6 mice (WT) were subject to MMI model, and cerebral blood flow (CBF), vessel patency, glymphatic function, cognitive function, and serum miR-126 expression were measured. Mice were sacrificed at 28 days after MMI. To investigate the role of miR-126 in VaD, cognitive function, water channel integrity and glymphatic function were assessed in male, six-to eight months old conditional-knockout endothelial cell miR-126 (miR-126EC−/−), and control (miR-126fl/fl) mice. MMI in WT mice induces significant cognitive deficits, decreases CBF and vessel patency; evokes astrocytic and microglial activation, increases inflammation, axonal/WM damage; decreases synaptic plasticity and dendritic spine density, instigates water channel and glymphatic dysfunction, and decreases serum miR-126 expression. MiR-126EC−/− mice exhibit significant cognitive impairment, decreased CBF, myelin density and axon density, increased inflammation, and significant water channel and glymphatic dysfunction compared to miR-126fl/fl mice. Reduction of endothelial miR-126 expression may mediate cognitive impairment in MMI-induced VaD.
Increased circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine 1A and decoy receptor 3 correlate with SYNTAX score in patients undergoing coronary surgery
Authors: Li Xin-Ya , Hou Hai-Tao , Chen Huan-Xin , Wang Zheng-Qing , He Guo-Wei
Published: September 2018

Objective

Chronic inflammation of the arteries is a critical mechanism responsible for coronary atherosclerosis. We aimed to determine if tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like cytokine 1A (TL1A) and decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) were involved in promoting atherosclerosis.

Methods

We compared plasma levels of TL1A and DcR3 in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (n=40) and patients without CAD group (n=37, normal coronary artery angiogram) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also analyzed the correlation between CAD and SYNTAX scores.

Results

Plasma levels of TL1A and DcR3 were significantly higher in the CAD compared with the no-CAD group. Multivariate analysis showed that TL1A and DcR3 were significantly correlated with the presence of CAD, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that both TL1A and DcR3 showed high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing CAD. Furthermore, TL1A was positively and significantly correlated with SYNTAX score in CAD patients.

Conclusions

CAD patients requiring coronary artery bypass grafting have high circulating levels of both TL1A and DcR3, which may thus be useful biomarkers for diagnosing severe CAD. Furthermore, plasma levels of TL1A correlate with SYNTAX score, supporting its potential use as an indicator of the severity of CAD.
Ectopic transglutaminase 1 and 3 expression accelerating keratinization in oral lichen planus
Authors: Shimada Katsumitsu , Ochiai Takanaga , Hasegawa Hiromasa
Published: September 2018

Objective

Oral lichen planus (OLP) characterized by interface mucositis frequently shows hyper-keratinization. To clarify mechanisms of excess keratinization, we investigated key molecules for cornified cell envelope (CE).

Methods

Involucrin (IVL), loricrin (LOR), transglutaminase 1 (TGase 1) and transglutaminase 3 (TGase 3) were immunohistochemically examined in 20 specimens of OLP; five specimens of buccal mucosa served as controls. Subsequently, the data were statistically analyzed.

Results

IVL in OLP was localized in the cell membrane, in contrast to its localization in the cytoplasm in controls. No positive reaction indicative of LOR was noted in any specimens. Although the TGase 1 localization in controls was restricted to the upper three-quarters of the membrane, the localization in OLP was in both membrane and in the cytoplasm of full thickness mucosal layers. The TGase 3 localization pattern was dramatically altered from cytoplasmic to membranous in OLP.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that aberrant TGase 1 and TGase 3 localization and distribution are closely related to hyper-keratinization in OLP. This is the first report of ectopic transglutaminase localization in OLP.
Quantifying and forecasting changes in the areal extent of river valley sediment in response to altered hydrology and land cover
Authors: Kasprak Alan , Sankey Joel B , Buscombe Daniel , Caster Joshua , East Amy E , Grams Paul E
Published: September 2018

In river valleys, sediment moves between active river channels, near-channel deposits including bars and floodplains, and upland environments such as terraces and aeolian dunefields. Sediment availability is a prerequisite for the sustained transfer of material between these areas, and for the eco-geomorphic functioning of river networks in general. However, the difficulty of monitoring sediment availability and movement at the reach or corridor scale has hindered our ability to quantify and forecast the response of sediment transfer to hydrologic or land cover alterations. Here we leverage spatiotemporally extensive datasets quantifying sediment areal coverage along a 28 km reach of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, southwestern USA. In concert with information on hydrologic alteration and vegetation encroachment resulting from the operation of Glen Canyon Dam (constructed in 1963) upstream of our study reach, we model the relative and combined influence of changes in (a) flow and (b) riparian vegetation extent on the areal extent of sediment available for transport in the river valley over the period from 1921 to 2016. In addition, we use projections of future streamflow and vegetation encroachment to forecast sediment availability over the 20 year period from 2016 to 2036. We find that hydrologic alteration has reduced the areal extent of bare sediment by 9% from the pre- to post-dam periods, whereas vegetation encroachment further reduced bare sediment extent by 45%. Over the next 20 years, the extent of bare sediment is forecast to be reduced by an additional 12%. Our results demonstrate the impact of river regulation, specifically the loss of annual low flows and associated vegetation encroachment, on reducing the sediment available for transfer within river valleys. This work provides an extendable framework for using high-resolution data on streamflow and land cover to assess and forecast the impact of watershed perturbation (e.g. river regulation, land cover shifts, climate change) on sediment connectivity at the corridor scale.
Facial solitary morphea profunda presenting with painful trigeminal neuropathy: A case report
Authors: Moreno-Ajona David , Moreno-Artero Ester , García de Eulate María Reyes , Irimia Pablo , España Agustín
Published: September 2018

Background

Localized facial scleroderma usually presents as frontal linear morphea or progressive hemifacial atrophy. Only isolated cases of trigeminal painful neuropathy have been described.

Case report

A 43-year-old woman developed an oval lesion on the right cheek. After 1 year, she noticed constant “pulling” pain and episodes of lancinating pain, both spontaneous and triggered by chewing and cold drinks. She was diagnosed with solitary morphea profunda and CT scan, ultrasonography, cranial MRI and biopsy were completed. Methylprednisolone (1 gr/day for 3 days) was prescribed. For pain, gabapentin, oxcarbazepine, amitryptiline, pregabalin and eslicarbacepine were all ineffective. A capsaicin patch was placed with prolonged benefit. Later on, the pain slightly worsened; occipital blockade was effective and methotrexate was recommended.

Conclusion

This is the first case of solitary morphea profunda associated with painful trigeminal neuropathy. Treatment should include immunosuppressants and treatment of neuropathic pain, in which local therapies seem particularly beneficial.
Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From the Cotyloid Fossa Synovium Have Higher Self-renewal and Differentiation Potential Than Those From the Paralabral Synovium in the Hip Joint
Authors: Murata Yoichi , Uchida Soshi , Utsunomiya Hajime , Hatakeyama Akihisa , Nakashima Hirotaka , Chang Angela , Sekiya Ichiro , Sakai Akinori
Published: September 2018

Background:

Several studies have shown the relationship between poorer clinical outcomes of arthroscopic femoroacetabular impingement syndrome surgery and focal chondral defects or global chondromalacia/osteoarthritis. Although recent studies described good outcomes after the conjunctive application of synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), none demonstrated the application of synovial MSCs for cartilaginous hip injuries.

Purpose:

To compare the characteristics of MSCs derived from the paralabral synovium and the cotyloid fossa synovium and determine which is the better source.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Synovium was harvested from 2 locations of the hip—paralabral and cotyloid fossa—from 18 donors. The number of cells, colony-forming units, viability, and differentiation capacities of adipose, bone, and cartilage were collected and compared between groups. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the differentiation capacity of adipose, bone, and cartilage tissue from both samples.

Results:

The number of colonies and yield obtained at passage 0 of synovium from the cotyloid fossa was significantly higher than that of the paralabral synovium ( P < .01). In adipogenesis experiments, the frequency of detecting oil red O–positive colonies was significantly higher in the cotyloid fossa than in the paralabral synovium ( P < .05). In osteogenesis experiments, the frequency of von Kossa and alkaline phosphatase positive colonies was higher in the cotyloid fossa synovium than in the paralabral synovium ( P < .05). In chondrogenic experiments, the chondrogenic pellet culture and the gene expressions of COL2a1 and SOX9 were higher in the cotyloid fossa synovium than in the paralabral synovium ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

MSCs from the cotyloid fossa synovium have higher proliferation and differentiation potential than do those from the paralabral synovium and are therefore a better source.

Clinical Relevance:

Synovial cells from the cotyloid fossa synovium of patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome are more robust in vitro, suggesting that MSCs from this source may be strongly considered for stem cell therapy.
Changes in Throwing Arm Mechanics at Increased Throwing Distances During Structured Long-Toss
Authors: Dowling Brittany , McNally Michael P. , Laughlin Walter A. , Onate James A.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Elbow injuries among adolescent baseball players have been outpacing those of college and professional players. In attempts to prevent injuries and maximize return-to-play potential following injury, attention has been focused on “return to throw” programs, which include long-toss throws. Because the few studies that were conducted on long-toss throwing focused primarily on college-aged athletes, it is not known what type of load is incurred at the elbow during interval throwing progression among high school baseball players.

Purpose:

To quantify the change in arm slot, arm speed, shoulder external rotation, and elbow varus torque across increasing throwing distances within a given athlete.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Ninety-five high school baseball players performed a long-toss protocol while wearing an inertial sensor and sleeve. Each participant was tested for 5 throws at distances of 9 m, 18 m, 27 m, 37 m, and 46 m. Linear mixed-effects models and likelihood ratio tests were used to estimate the within-participant relationship between throw distance and arm slot, arm speed, shoulder external rotation, and elbow varus torque.

Results:

Arm slot ( P < .01), arm speed ( P < .01), shoulder external rotation ( P < .01), and elbow varus torque ( P < .01) were significantly associated with long-toss throw distance. As the throw distance increased, there was an increase in arm speed and shoulder external rotation and a decrease in arm slot for each distance. However, elbow varus torque increased with each distance up to 37 m and then remained the same at 46 m.

Conclusion:

The use of longer distances for conditioning and rehabilitation may be beneficial in increasing shoulder range of motion and arm speed; however, precaution needs to be taken, as throwing longer distances are accompanied by an increase in arm rotation, arm speed, and elbow torque, with a decrease in arm slot.

Clinical Relevance:

Return-to-throw programs have been utilized by sports medicine clinicians and coaches to help guide a player during rehabilitation. These programs involve throwing at increased efforts through increased distances with no immediate feedback on elbow stress. This investigation describes arm biomechanical changes during submaximum interval throwing and demonstrates a tool that can be utilized to measure arm stress in real time for clinicians and athletes progressing through an interval throwing program.
Schemas and Frames
Authors: Wood Michael Lee , Stoltz Dustin S. , Van Ness Justin , Taylor Marshall A.
Published: September 2018

A perennial concern in frame analysis is explaining how frames structure perception and persuade audiences. In this article, we suggest that the distinction between personal culture and public culture offers a productive way forward. We propose an approach centered on an analytic contrast between schemas, which we define as a form of personal culture, and frames, which we define as a form of public culture. We develop an “evocation model” of the structure and function of frames. In the model, frames are conceived as material assemblages that activate a network of schemas, thereby evoking a response when people are exposed to them. We discuss how the proposed model extends, and clarifies, extant approaches, and consider new directions for future research.
Migration-Facilitating Capital: A Bourdieusian Theory of International Migration
Authors: Kim Jaeeun
Published: September 2018

Despite the centrality of the notion of “capital,” scholarship on international migration has yet to fully explore the generative potential of Bourdieu’s theory. This article “thinks with” Bourdieu to theorize how states, aspiring migrants, and migration brokers interact over the valorization, conversion, and legitimization of various types of capital for migration purposes. Drawing on Bourdieu’s theorization on the state, I identify the variegated ways in which state policies and their enactment by frontline gatekeepers constitute migration-facilitating capital. I show how migration brokers help migrants acquire adequate capital—or the semblance of possession of such capital—to contest the state’s monopolistic claim over the governance of identity, qualification, and mobility. Drawing on Bourdieu’s conceptualization of field, habitus, illusio, and symbolic violence, I analyze how migrants partake in “organized striving” for migration-facilitating capital, the uneven distribution of which produces material and symbolic stratification.
The Emergence of Statistical Objectivity: Changing Ideas of Epistemic Vice and Virtue in Science
Authors: Freese Jeremy , Peterson David
Published: September 2018

The meaning of objectivity in any specific setting reflects historically situated understandings of both science and self. Recently, various scientific fields have confronted growing mistrust about the replicability of findings, and statistical techniques have been deployed to articulate a “crisis of false positives.” In response, epistemic activists have invoked a decidedly economic understanding of scientists’ selves. This has prompted a scientific social movement of proposed reforms, including regulating disclosure of “backstage” research details and enhancing incentives for replication. We theorize that together, these events represent the emergence of a new formulation of objectivity. Statistical objectivity assesses the integrity of research literatures in the results observed in collections of studies rather than the methodological details of individual studies and thus positions meta-analysis as the ultimate arbiter of scientific objectivity. Statistical objectivity presents a challenge to scientific communities and raises new questions for sociological theory about tensions between quantification and expertise.
New insight into residual stresses in amine-grafted MWCNTs/binary resin composites under complex thermomechanical loadings
Authors: Wang Junxia , Chen Xiaochuan , Cao Changlin , Yu Dingshan , Yan Shilin
Published: September 2018

Herein, we detailed the distributions and distortions of residual stresses in amine-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/binary resin composites under complex thermomechanical loadings suffered in practical processing or operation, by means of finite element simulation. First, distributions and distortions of residual stresses under coupled extensional–shear loadings were studied. Subsequently, thermal residual stresses were deducted from the thermal analysis, followed by a sequentially structural analysis. It is found that the heat flux has an influence on the magnitude of the thermal residual stresses, but it cannot alter the distribution of the thermal residual stresses. In order to render deep understanding of the microscale behavior in amine-grafted MWCNTs/binary resin composites under thermal loading, for exploring the nature of residual stress variation, the corresponding microscale model is expected to be developed using atomistic simulation, in which the microstructural features of amine-grafted MWCNTs and resin matrix are taken into consideration. The total energy, potential energy, and kinetic energy at different temperature were analyzed as well as the radial distribution function g( r). Weak van der Waals interaction between amine-grafted MWCNTs and resin matrix is indicated and the interactions between amine-grafted MWCNTs and resin matrix reduce and the mobility of chain segments of resin matrix increases with the decreasing temperature.