bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Understanding of the Hydrodynamics and the Causes of Saltwater Intrusion on Lagoon Tidal Springs
Authors: Pacheco-Castro Roger , Salles Paulo , Canul-Macario Cesar , Paladio-Hernandez Alejandro
Published: December 2021

Springs are common features on the Yucatán coast. They can discharge either under the sea (submarine) or inland in coastal lagoons and wetlands. Previous observations of a coastal lagoon located on the northern Yucatán Peninsula (La Carbonera) reported sea water intrusion on a spring that discharge on a coastal lagoon (lagoon tidal spring). The saltwater intrusion occurs when the tide is at its lower level, which is the opposite to what has been reported for submarine springs in the Yucatán Peninsula. In this study, the hydrodynamics of the spring is analyzed and the driving forces controlling the seawater intrusion are identified and discussed. Time series of water levels, salinity, and velocity measurements in the lagoon, the aquifer, and the spring are analyzed by means of tide component decomposition and cross-correlations analysis of the tide signals. Results show that the main driving forces causing the intrusion are the density differences and pressure head gradients, and the mechanisms influencing the driving forces driving those differences are the tides, the friction in the lagoon, and the confinement of the aquifer; other mechanisms are discussed to present a complete idea of the complexity of the interactions between the coastal aquifer, the coastal lagoons, and the sea.
Interpreting the Manning Roughness Coefficient in Overland Flow Simulations with Coupled Hydrological-Hydraulic Distributed Models
Authors: Sanz-Ramos Marcos , Bladé Ernest , González-Escalona Fabián , Olivares Gonzalo , Aragón-Hernández José Luis
Published: December 2021

There is still little experience on the effect of the Manning roughness coefficient in coupled hydrological-hydraulic distributed models based on the solution of the Shallow Water Equations (SWE), where the Manning coefficient affects not only channel flow on the basin hydrographic network but also rainfall-runoff processes on the hillslopes. In this kind of model, roughness takes the role of the concentration time in classic conceptual or aggregated modelling methods, as is the case of the unit hydrograph method. Three different approaches were used to adjust the Manning roughness coefficient in order to fit the results with other methodologies or field observations—by comparing the resulting time of concentration with classic formulas, by comparing the runoff hydrographs obtained with aggregated models, and by comparing the runoff water volumes with observations. A wide dispersion of the roughness coefficients was observed to be generally much higher than the common values used in open channel flow hydraulics.
Optimal Design of Combined Sewer Overflows Interception Facilities Based on the NSGA-III Algorithm
Authors: Peng Zhouyang , Jin Xi , Sang Wenjiao , Zhang Xiangling
Published: December 2021

The interception facility is an important and frequently used measure for combined sewer overflow (CSO) control in city-scale drainage systems. The location and capacity of these facilities affects the pollution control efficiency and construction cost. Optimal design of these facilities is always an active research area in environmental engineering, and among candidate optimization methods, the simulation-optimization method is the most attractive method. However, time-consuming simulations of complex drainage system models (e.g., SWMM) make the simulation-optimization approach impractical. This paper proposes a new simulation-optimization method with new features of multithreading individual evaluation and fast data exchange by recoding SWMM with object-oriented programming. These new features extremely accelerate the optimization process. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-III (NSGA-III) is selected as the optimization framework for better performance in dealing with multi-objective optimization. The proposed method is used in the optimal design of a terminal CSO interception facility in Wuhan, China. Compared with empirically designed schemes, the optimized schemes can achieve better pollution control efficiency with less construction cost. Additionally, the time consumption of the optimization process is compressed from days to hours, making the proposed method practical.
The Toxicity of Polyester Fibers in Xenopuslaevis
Authors: Bacchetta Renato , Winkler Anna , Santo Nadia , Tremolada Paolo
Published: December 2021

Microplastics are practically ubiquitous and pose a serious survival challenge for many species. Most of the exposure experiments for determining the toxicological effects of microplastics were performed with a microplastic varying little in shape and size (often purchased microplastic beads), but few studies deal with non-homogeneous samples. We analyzed the effect on Xenopuslaevis larva on the early development of polyester fibers, PEFs, taken from a dryer machine in which 100% polyester fabrics were dried after washing. Three concentrations were tested. The results showed that the gastrointestinal tract, GIT, was the most affected system by PEFs which modified the normal shape of the intestine with an EC50 96 h value of 6.3 µg mL−1. Fibers were observed to press against the digestive epithelium, deforming the normal architecture of the gut, sometimes pushing deep into the epithelium until piercing it. Physical GIT occlusion was observed in a concentration-dependent manner. However, no other damages were registered. No mortality was observed, but PEF-exposed larvae showed a significant reduction in their mobility. The results of the present paper suggest that environmental samples with their heterogeneity may have adverse effects on X. laevis development.
A Polynomial Method Approximating S-Curve with Limited Availability of Reliable Rainfall Data
Authors: Seong Kee-Won , Sung Jang Hyun
Published: December 2021

A methodology named the step response separation (SRS) method for deriving S-curves solely from the data for basin runoff and the associated instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) is presented. The SRS method extends the root selection (RS) method to generate a clearly separated S-curve from runoff incorporated in mathematical procedure utilizing the step response function. Significant improvements in performance are observed in separating the S-curve with rainfall. A procedure to evaluate the hydrologic stability provides ways to minimize the oscillation of the S-curve associated with the determination of infiltration and baseflow. The applicability of the SRS method to runoff reproduction is examined by comparison with observed basin runoff based on the RS method. The SRS method applied to storm events for the Nenagh basin resulted in acceptable S-curves and showed its general applicability to optimization for rainfall-runoff modeling.
The Relative Importance of Human Disturbance, Environmental and Spatial Factors on the Community Composition of Wetland Birds
Authors: Mereta Seid Tiku , Lemmens Pieter , De Meester Luc , Goethals Peter L. M. , Boets Pieter
Published: December 2021

The present study investigates the relative importance of human disturbance, local environmental and spatial factors on variations in bird community composition in natural Ethiopian wetlands with high biodiversity conservation value. We quantified bird abundances, local environmental variables and human disturbances at 63 sites distributed over ten wetlands in two subsequent years. Variation partitioning analyses were used to explore the unique and shared contributions of human disturbance, local environmental variables and spatial factors on variations in community compositions of wetland bird species. Local environmental variables explained the largest amount of compositional variation of wetland bird species. Productivity-related variables were the most important local environmental variables determining bird community composition. Human disturbance was also an important determinant for wetland bird community composition and affected the investigated communities mainly indirectly through its effect on local environmental conditions. Spatial factors only played a minor role in variations in bird community composition. Our study highlights the urgent need for integrated management approaches that consider both nature conservation targets and socio-economic development of the region for the sustainable use and effective conservation of wetland resources.
Rainwater Harvesting for Sustainable Developments: Non-Potable Use, Household Irrigation and Stormwater Management
Authors: Rahman Ataur
Published: December 2021

At present, nearly 47% of the world’s population live in areas that are affected by water scarcity at least one month in a year [...]
Sensitivity Analysis of Hydraulic Transient Simulations Based on the MOC in the Gravity Flow
Authors: Liu Jinhao , Wu Jianhua , Zhang Yusheng , Wu Xinhao
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of input parameters to output results when using the method of characteristics (MOC) for hydraulic transient simulations. Based on a gravity flow water delivery project, we selected six main parameters that affect the hydraulic transient simulation and selected maximum pressure as the output parameter in order to perform a parameter sensitivity analysis. The Morris sensitivity analysis (Morris) and the partial rank correlation coefficient method based on Latin hypercube sampling (LHS-PRCC) were both adopted. The results show that the sensitivity of each parameter is the same except for the friction factor. The flow rate and Young’s modulus are positively correlated with the maximum pressure, whereas the pipe diameter, valve closing time, and wall thickness are negatively correlated. It is discussed that the variability of the friction factor comes from the function of the flow and pressure regulating valve. When other conditions of the gravity flow project remain unchanged, the maximum pressure increases with the increase in the friction factor. The flow rate, pipe diameter, and valve closing time are the key parameters that affect the model. Meanwhile, Morris and LHS-PRCC proved to be effective methods for evaluating parameter sensitivity in hydraulic transient simulations.
Competition and Plant Trait Plasticity of Invasive (Wedelia trilobata) and Native Species (Wedelia chinensis, WC) under Nitrogen Enrichment and Flooding Condition
Authors: Azeem Ahmad , Wenxuan Mai , Changyan Tian , Javed Qaiser , Abbas Adeel
Published: December 2021

Nitrogen (N) is the important nutrition that regulatory plant functioning and environmental stability of invasive plant species under flooding (F) conditions. Little information clarifies the role of nitrogen enrichment and flooding on the invasive plant functional traits and competition with native competitors. Plant functional traits play an essential role in the successful growth of plants under different environmental conditions. Therefore, greenhouse pots experiment was conducted with invasive plant species (Wedelia trilobata, WT), and its native competitor (Wedelia chinensis, WC) in monoculture and cocultivation culture, along with flooding and nitrogen enrichment conditions. Considering the impact of flooding (F) and nitrogen (N) on an individual basis, the plant physiological traits of WC were nonsignificant compared to that of WT. However, in the combination of flooding × additional nitrogen (F.N, F.2N), plant physiological traits of WT were comparatively higher than those of WC, especially in cocultivation. In flooding × additional nitrogen (F.N and F.2N), better phenotypic plasticity at different plant traits makes WT more dominant in resource competition over WC. In conclusion, improved functional traits of WT under nitrogen enrichment and flooding conditions enhanced its competitiveness over native competitors.
Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Elevated Arsenic Based on Entropy Modeling, in the Aquifers of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Zahid , Talib Muhammad Afnan , Rashid Abdur , Ghani Junaid , Shahab Asfandyar , Irfan Muhammad , Rauf Abdur , Bawazeer Sami , Almarhoon Zainab M. , Mabkhot Yahia N.
Published: December 2021

Arsenic (As) contamination in drinking groundwater is a common environmental problem in Pakistan. Therefore, sixty-one groundwater samples were collected from various groundwater sources in District Sanghar, Sindh province, Pakistan, to understand the geochemical behavior of elevated As in groundwater. Statistical summary showed the cations and anions abundance in decreasing order of Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, and HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− > NO3−. Arsenic was found with low to high concentration levels ranging from 5 µg to 25 µg/L with a mean value of 12.9 µg/L. A major water type of groundwater samples was mixed with NaCl and CaHCO3 type, interpreting the hydrochemical behavior of rock–water interaction. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed the mixed anthropogenic and natural sources of contamination in the study area. Moreover, rock weathering and exchange of ions controlled the hydrochemistry. Chloro-alkaline indices revealed the dominance of the reverse ion exchange mechanism in the region. The entropy water quality index (EWQI) exposed that 17 samples represent poor water, and 11 samples are not suitable for drinking.
Splitting and Length of Years for Improving Tree-Based Models to Predict Reference Crop Evapotranspiration in the Humid Regions of China
Authors: Liu Xiaoqiang , Wu Lifeng , Zhang Fucang , Huang Guomin , Yan Fulai , Bai Wenqiang
Published: December 2021

To improve the accuracy of estimating reference crop evapotranspiration for the efficient management of water resources and the optimal design of irrigation scheduling, the drawback of the traditional FAO-56 Penman–Monteith method requiring complete meteorological input variables needs to be overcome. This study evaluates the effects of using five data splitting strategies and three different time lengths of input datasets on predicting ET0. The random forest (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) models coupled with a K-fold cross-validation approach were applied to accomplish this objective. The results showed that the accuracy of the RF (R2 = 0.862, RMSE = 0.528, MAE = 0.383, NSE = 0.854) was overall better than that of XGB (R2 = 0.867, RMSE = 0.517, MAE = 0.377, NSE = 0.860) in different input parameters. Both the RF and XGB models with the combination of Tmax, Tmin, and Rs as inputs provided better accuracy on daily ET0 estimation than the corresponding models with other input combinations. Among all the data splitting strategies, S5 (with a 9:1 proportion) showed the optimal performance. Compared with the length of 30 years, the estimation accuracy of the 50-year length with limited data was reduced, while the length of meteorological data of 10 years improved the accuracy in southern China. Nevertheless, the performance of the 10-year data was the worst among the three time spans when considering the independent test. Therefore, to improve the daily ET0 predicting performance of the tree-based models in humid regions of China, the random forest model with datasets of 30 years and the 9:1 data splitting strategy is recommended.
Dynamics of labor motivation of medical employees in the process of professional activities
Authors: Aizyatova Elena Viktorovna , Svechnikova Tatiana Viktorovna
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is to study the structure and dynamics of changes in the labor motivation of medical workers at the stages of professional activity and to suggest ways to improve the labor motivation management system in a medical organization. Results. Based on the theoretical conclusions and the research conducted, recommendations were developed to improve the system for managing the labor motivation of the personnel of a medical organization, which, on the one hand, take into account the features of the motivational complex specific to each group of medical workers, and on the other hand, changes in the structure of motivation that occur as the acquisition of professional experience by specialists. Conclusion. The study showed that as medical workers accumulate work experience, their motivational spectrum shifts towards external motives, thus, their internal motivation decreases.
Indicators of the management performance of the chief nurse depending on her personal qualities
Authors: Karaseva Larisa Arkadyevna
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is to study and analyze the development of the personality of a nurse-head of the pediatric service. Results. An analysis of the moral and business qualities of nursing service leaders allowed us to summarize the research results and determine the main directions — a constant increase in the level of professional activity, the desire for further creative growth, the development of the latest technologies. Conclusion. This study made it possible to analyze and evaluate the quality and level of activity of the children’s polyclinic, its staff, the level of personality development of the head of the nursing service from the standpoint of senior and middle medical personnel, and revealed patterns in the formation of management activities.
Analysis of the concept of «good reason» in the labor law of the Russian Federation
Authors: Dovgan K.E. , Koroleva I.V. , Kovalenko N.E.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the legal nature of the evaluation category «good reason» in labor law. The positions of the courts on the issue of determining whether specific circumstances belong to the number of valid reasons are considered, their criteria are highlighted. The concept of «good reason» has been formulated and a proposal has been put forward to introduce it into labor legislation.
Application of civil law in the regulation of labour relations
Authors: Mayfat A.V. , Zhiltsov M.A.
Published: December 2021

The article presents an analysis of situations in which civil law is applied in the regulation of labor relations. The authors note that civil law is applied in the regulation of labor relations in several cases. The most common situation is the reference rules provided for by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation itself, which directly provides for situations in which the courts can apply civil law rules when regulating labor relations. In some cases, if there is a gap in law, the courts apply the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation when considering labor disputes, filling the gaps in the regulation of labor relations. In a number of cases, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation adopted civil law structures, although in this case it is no longer possible to talk about the application of civil law norms, since in the case of transferring these structures to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, they become labor law norms. Also, in practice, there are situations when, simultaneously with labor relations, other relations arise, including civil law relations. In these cases, the courts also apply civil law. The authors describe these situations, give examples from judicial practice, and also propose ways to solve the defects arising in the regulation of labor relations.
Discrimination in atypical employment in the context of fixed-term employment contracts
Authors: Akhmetyanov D.V.
Published: December 2021

This article provides an analysis of the jurisprudence concerning the discriminatory nature of a fixed-term employment contract with a particular employee, while other employees in a similar position are subject to indefinite employment contracts.
Assessment of diversity of plant species affected by phytoplasma of X-disease (16SR-III) group in Russia
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bogoutdinov D.Z. , Girsova N.V. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Kastalyeva T.B. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology
Published: December 2021

Worldwide, there is an increase in the harmfulness of plant diseases transmitted by insects, including phytoplasmas. In Russia, phytoplasma diseases have been studied insufficiently. The aim of the study was to monitor phytoplasma diseases in various economic regions of the Russian Federation and determine the taxonomic affiliation of their pathogens. The task of the study was to identify the species composition of plants affected by phytoplasmas belonging to the 16Sr-III group and their potential vectors. Molecular genetic studies were carried out at the All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology (VNIIF) in 2006-2021. Plants with symptoms of phytoplasma infection and leafhoppers collected in the Moscow and Samara regions were the material of the research. The presence of phytoplasma DNA in the samples was determined using sequentially direct and nested PCR with the primer pairs: P1/16S-SR and R16F2n/R16R2, respectively. Phytoplasmas were identified by analyzing restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) after treatment of 1.2 Kb DNA amplicons with restriction endonucleases. In a quarter of the analyzed potato samples and five of the eight surveyed economic regions (Volga, North Caucasian, Ural, Central and West Siberian), phytoplasma of the 16SrIII group was found. Among other solanaseous, phytoplasma of the 16SrIII group was found in pepper and garden petunia, as well as in two species of wild potatoes. In total, the phytoplasma of X-disease was detected in 51 species of plants from 19 families, including Fabaceae (12 species), Asteraceae (10), Rosaceae (6), and Solanaceae (5). In other families, 1–2 plant species infected with this phytoplasma were identified. The phytoplasma of the 16SrIII-B subgroup was most frequently found in plant material. Phytoplasma of the 16SrIII-F subgroup was detected in two plant species: astilbe (Astilbe thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq.) and hybrid clover (Trifolium hybridum L.). In potential vectors (leafhoppers Euscelis incisа Kirschbaum, Sonronius binotatus Sahlberg, Macrosteles laevis Rib. and Psammotettix striatus L.), phytoplasma of the 16SrIII group, including the 16SrIII-O and 16SrIII-P subgroups, was found.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE FACTOR ON THE DURATION OF INTERPHASE PERIODS OF MELON PLANTS
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Eliseeva N.A. , Kostanchuk Yu.N. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea
Published: December 2021

One of the valuable traits of any variety is its degree of adaptability to stressful environmental factors. The purpose of the research is to determine the degree of influence of average daily temperatures on the duration of interphase periods of some melon varieties in the first half of growing season to assess their ecological plasticity under conditions of the foothill zone of the Crimea. The studies were conducted in 2016–2019 on the experimental fields of FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” (village of Ukromnoye, Simferopol suburbs). All the research studies were carried out according to the existing guidelines for melon crops breeding. Fifty-six melon samples varying in reaching maturity were the objects of the study. Soil – chernozem southern calcareous heavy loamy; its texture is clayey, structure – lumpy. Weather conditions during the years of research varied. The most favourable temperature regime for the melon growing was in 2019 (2269.6 °С); unfavourable – in 2016 (1738.0 °С); 2017 and 2018 occupied an intermediate position. It allowed obtaining objective results in assessing ecological plasticity of the studied varieties. Planting scheme – standard; feeding area – 1.0×1.5 m2 per one plant. The study was carried out in a collection nursery; four-fold replication. We compared melons of three groups of ripeness: early (I) – varieties mature in 55–75 days, mid-early (II) – ripen in 76–90 days, mid-late (III) – require 90 days until harvest. During the years of research, the duration of interphase periods varied from 18 to 59 days. An increase in the relative average daily air temperature by 1 °C reduced the phenophases duration on average by 1.02–4.43 days. The most pronounced changes were revealed in the third interphase period (seedlings – fruit formation beginning): the average value of the ecological variation corresponded to 27.5 %; maximum it was in the mid-late samples (25.3 %). We established a close negative correlation (from –0.72 to –0.99) between an increase in the relative average daily air temperature and duration of the phenophases of the first half of the melon plants growing season. Each genotype reacted individually to changes in external influences. The group of mid-late samples had the highest degree of variability. An increase in the relative average daily temperatures by 1 °C reduces the length of the interphase periods of plants of this group from 1.99 to 3.75 days. Among others, varieties ‘Idyllia’, ‘Gulnara’, ‘Ethiopka’ were the most stable.
ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF THE NEW WINTER DURUM WHEAT VARIETIES ‘YAKHONT’ AND ‘YANTARINA’
Authors:   Agricultural research center «Donskoy», Ilichkina N.P. , Samofalova N.E. ,   Agricultural research center «Donskoy», Bezuglaya T.S. ,   Agricultural research center «Donskoy», Dubinina O.A. ,   Agricultural research center «Donskoy»
Published: December 2021

In 2018 and 2020, two winter durum wheat varieties, ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’, were included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements for the North Caucasus region. They were developed at the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” by the intraspecific stepwise hybridization using both varieties and lines created in the ARC “Donskoy” and from the other regions. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the new winter durum wheat varieties ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’ according to productivity, resistance to abiotic and biotic stress factors, grain and pasta quality. The study was carried out in 2014–2020 in the ARC “Donskoy” located in the southern part of the Rostov region, which is favorable for winter durum wheat cultivation. The soil of the experimental plot – chernozem ordinary calcareous heavy loamy. The climate of the region is characterized by semi-arid hot summers and moderately mild winters. The sum of positive temperatures is more than 3400°С; Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) – 0.8; average annual air temperature – 9.7°С. The average annual precipitation is 450–600 mm. This paper presents the results of studying varieties according to the traits and properties mentioned above, points to their advantages compared to the standard variety ‘Donchanka’. On average, over seven years of competitive testing, the varieties ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’ showed the following: productivity – 8.46 and 8.52 t/ha; 1000-grain weight – 40.8 and 43.5 g; drought tolerance – 4.5 points both; lodging resistance – 4.6 and 4.2 points; leaf rust resistance – 10–20% both. They excided the standard variety ‘Donchanka’ by 1.17 and 1.23 t/ha; 4.0 and 6.7 g; 0.5 points; 1.0 and 0.6 points; 3.0 %; 10%, respectively. The varieties ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’ formed higher yields due to the increased number of productive stems per 1 m2 (591 and 542; the standard variety formed 498 productive stems), the productivity per head (1.52 and 1.68 g, the standard variety yielded 1.47 g). According to grain and pasta quality, ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’ met not only the requirements of GOST R9353-2016 but also exceeded the standard variety ‘Donchanka’ in vitreousness (by 7.4 and 8.0%), grain nature (by 41 and 46 g/l), gluten content (by 2.0 and 0.70%), falling number (by 4 and 44 seconds), SDS-sedimentation (by 4 and 3 ml).
Analysis of Hate Crimes in Transgender Communities
Authors: Gauthier Jane , Medina Kevin , Dierkhising Carly
Published: December 2021

Research shows that the LGBTQ population is disproportionately affected by hate crimes and those against transgender individuals are especially violent. Given the considerable underreporting of these crimes, better insight into the victimization experiences and reasons for underreporting is necessary to improve the safety of the transgender community and secure necessary services for these victims. The current study takes a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach by creating and utilizing an Advisory Board made up of service providers in the transgender community in Los Angeles, to assist in the development of a survey instrument and focus group questions and provide venues for the focus groups. The study examines results from a short survey and five focus groups with transgender individuals on their experiences of hate crimes and reporting activities. Results indicate nearly all participants experienced some type of hate incident or crime based on their gender identity and/or expression. Almost half of the respondents did not report these crimes to the police because they did not think police would do anything, were afraid of being arrested, or were afraid of being victimized by the police. Narrative accounts describe mostly, though not entirely, negative encounters with the police and how participants take preventative measures to reduce their potential for hate-based victimization. Based on our findings several recommendations have been made to help improve relations between transgender communities and law enforcement with the goal of creating a safer environment for transgender individuals and increasing the reporting of hate crimes.
Exercícios aeróbicos aquáticos em indivíduos com Paralisia Cerebral: Revisão Sistemática
Authors: Bonifácio Letícia de Oliveira , Sanches Juliana Aparecida Bette , Braga Douglas Martins , Castro Caio
Published: December 2021

Objetivo. Observar os principais efeitos dos exercícios aeróbicos aquáticos em indivíduos com paralisia cerebral. Método. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura entre março de 2020 e novembro de 2020, através das bases de dados MEDLINE (Pubmed), PEDro, Cochrane Library, LILACS e Scielo. A revisão foi registrada na PROSPERO com o número CRD42020207445. Os artigos encontrados na busca foram armazenados no software Rayyan QCRI. Após o armazenamento, a seleção dos estudos foi realizada por dois pesquisadores de forma independente e cegada, através da avaliação dos títulos e resumos. Após a inclusão dos estudos, foi realizada uma análise narrativa e descritiva. Resultados. Foram encontrados 122 artigos na busca inicial nas bases de dados. Destes, 2 dos artigos foram encontrados de forma duplicada, restando 120 estudos. Na etapa da seleção por pares independentes, de forma cegada, foram incluídos 4 artigos e 91 artigos foram excluídos. Os pesquisadores entraram em conflito de decisão em 15 artigos e ficaram na dúvida de inclusão em 10 artigos. Os 25 artigos foram lidos na íntegra e revisados por um terceiro pesquisador, sendo incluído mais 1 artigo, totalizando 5 artigos selecionados para a revisão. Conclusão. Através desta revisão observamos que os exercícios aeróbicos aquáticos podem promover benefícios para crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral. Porém, mais estudos e ensaios clínicos são necessários para comprovar a eficácia deste tipo de intervenção e seus benefícios específicos.
Présentation générale - Entre offre et demande sanitaires : enjeux de légitimité
Authors: Drulhe Marcel
Published: December 2021

General outline. Relationship between social science and public health are best understood if replaced in the dynamics of the sanitary field. Modern medicine achieved its autonomy through the XIX th centuiy struggles and came to a «harmonious synthesis » in 1945, characterized by the coexistence of private practice and Social Security. In the end of the sixties, internal forces (medical specialities, alternative medicine) and external forces (state administration, populations), jeopardized this autonomy.

Public health is still in the power of physicians, specialists of epidemiology, health economics and prevention. Therefore social science is reduced to a dilemma : social science in medicine or social science of medicine, of sickness and health.
Sociologie et santé publique
Authors: Guyot Jean-Claude
Published: December 2021

Sociology and public health. Generally speaking, sociologists' observations in the field of medicine and medical sociology tend to elaborate a collective identity for all health actors : medicine users, practicians or professionals. Illness, medical science as well as health law are thus considered constructions in the social field where a whole specific system of values and standards develops. How does sociology stand in the field ? What is the legitimity of health sociology as a tool of analysis of the working of sanitary systems ? Can scientific valuation be a substitute for an ethical and political reflection ?
Sciences de gestion et santé publique. Un exemple : la mesure du produit hospitalier
Authors: Fenasse Annie
Published: December 2021

Managerial sciences and public health : measuring the hospital output.

Two main approaches are mostly found in scientific literature. On one hand, we fînd a supply approach. Hospital output is valued by available facilities and services, but also by indicators such as patient day, length of stay (and so on). It is an indirect approach.

On the other hand, we find a demand approach, also called the case-mix approach. This last one is more suitable and constitutes a new hospital management basis : pathology management.
Une approche historique : l'idée de prévention en Angleterre, au milieu du XIXe siècle
Authors: Murard Lion , Zylberman Patrick
Published: December 2021

En Angleterre pour la première fois, la prophylaxie s'arrache à l'indigence. «L'idée sanitaire » proposée par Edwin Chadwick (1842) ne se comprend qu'à partir d'un divorce radical, originel, d'avec l'assistance aux pauvres. Elle est une prévention, et non un traitement du paupérisme ; une prévention du risque, et non un traitement de la faute. Mais c'est avec John Simon (1858) que l'intronisation du médecin aux postes de commande devient réalité : la fonction d'expertise est partout dévolue aux docteurs, le médical prend le pas sur l'ingénie¬ rie pure et dure, l'idée sanitaire accouche enfin d'une médecine préventive.
Santé publique et médecine générale : l'exemple du SIDA
Authors: Lecorps Philippe , Levasseur Gwenola
Published: December 2021

Public health and general medical pratice : the example of aids.

Given the social role devoted to the general practicioners, they contribute with other instances to the global issues of public health. However, the daily medical practice, closely related to patient's personal request, represents another aspect of their activities. These two different levels may be analysed to point out the conflicting situation of the general practicioner's when they have to take into account both public health policy and patients personal convictions.

Refering to aids, when gp recommends a patient to have a test, or gives him the results, or when he has to follow him after, he is able to act as a «mediator ». This situation means that questions related to aids cannot be examined only from a social control point of view.
La participation des usagers à l'organisation locale de la santé. Le cas italien
Authors: Mallet Jean-Olivier
Published: December 2021

Objets d'intérêt dans les années 1970, les tentatives de participation des usagers à l'organisation locale de la santé en Italie se sont révélées minoritaires et fragiles.

Après cet échec, s'est développée une «nouvelle participation » basée sur la notion de volontariat, dont les ambiguïtés et les limites éclairent -dans un contexte national particulier -la place incertaine des usagers dans le système sanitaire.
De la Falange à Alma-Ata, les transformations du système de santé espagnol
Authors: Bardy Jean-Didier
Published: December 2021

En Espagne, au système bureaucratique de santé et de protection sociale hérité du franquisme, se substitue peu à peu un système national de santé : unification et intégration d'un secteur public émietté entre de multiples administrations, universalisation du droit aux soins, fiscalisation du financement, décentralisation régionale des compétences et des services, et réforme de l'organisation des soins de première ligne. Le succès de cette restructura¬ tion sans précipitation risque d'être compromis par un certain nombre de maux structurels du système. Enfin, on peut se demander si le processus de régionalisation adopté favorise réellement l'équité.
La gestion flexible des ressources humaines
Authors: Lapassouse Catherine
Published: December 2021

L'article propose une réflexion sur les limites de certaines pratiques abusives dans le domaine de la régulation des ressources humaines. La satisfaction à court terme d'un impératif de flexibilité -notamment par le biais de l'externalisation du personnel -n'est pas sans conséquences, à terme, sur la culture et l'identité de l'organisation. Or ces facteurs représentent des priorités incontournables au niveau de la capacité de l'entreprise à maintenir sa position sur ses marchés.
La fureur de dire. Culture d'entreprise et communication
Authors: Laurens Patrick
Published: December 2021

Some things which must be said about the culture of the firm and communication.

The advent of contributive management would entail a true acknowledgement of man within the company. Nevertheless, it seems that the arguments of this new entrepreneurial culture partake of a somewhat neurotic consensus ideal. By overly protecting itself from the emergence of any difference, the firm might lose its real wealth, its innovative and progressive strength. Therefore, we deem it necessary to ponder over a management-ethic that could allow the expression of individualities.
Identité d'entreprise et communication publicitaire
Authors: Bouzon Arlette
Published: December 2021

Plus personne ne conteste, aujourd'hui, l'intérêt pour une entreprise de se doter d'une image valorisante. Celle-ci permet, en effet, de se différencier dans une économie qui tend à produire des biens similaires dans des conditions voisines. Pour construire cette image, les publicitaires ont d'abord utilisé la technique du positionnement qui, par sa généralisation, a beaucoup perdu de son efficacité, et ne permet plus de se singulariser.

L'analyse de l'identité de l'entreprise apparaît comme un moyen très prometteur pour construire des images originales et crédibles. Mais cette approche présente de nombreuses difficultés d'ordre méthodologique faisant actuellement l'objet de nombreux travaux de recherches.
Le rôle des PME industrielles dans les régions frontalières d'Espagne et du Portugal
Authors: Pedrosa Rosario , Fernandez Josefa E.
Published: December 2021

L'objet de cet article est de déterminer la contribution des PME au développement économique des régions frontalières d'Espagne et du Portugal, entre 1975 et le mois de juillet 1988.

Pour cela, les auteurs ont analysé le nombre d'entreprises créées, leur dimension, l'emplacement de leurs activités, les secteurs auxquels elles appartiennent, l'investissement industriel réalisé et l'emploi qu'elles ont généré.
La Sept, chaîne culturelle européenne ?
Authors: Bouquillion Philippe
Published: December 2021

L'internationalisation croissante de la Sept correspond moins à une volonté de construire l'Europe de la culture qu'à la nécessité d'assurer la viabilité de la Sept, devenue douteuse dans un cadre strictement national. Les enjeux et causes intérieurs continuent de peser lourdement sur la chaîne intégrée. Les accords franco-allemands permettent de financer l'indispensable accroissement de la diffusion hertzienne, de poursuivre la politique de production de la Sept qui investit moins dans la «culture » et plus dans des programmes réellement «télévisuels », et également de sortir de l'impasse de la défense de la francophonie pour tenter d'acquérir un savoir-faire en matière de télévision internationale qui donnerait à l'Allemagne et à la France une position dominante dans l'espace audiovisuel européen.
La coopération franco-genevoise. L'exemple du Parc International d'Affaires d'Archamps
Authors: Serrate Bénédicte
Published: December 2021

An International Business Park is developing in the North of Haute-Savoie next to the border with the Canton of Geneva. The targets of this park are those of science parks. But because of its geographical situation, a cooperation on both sides of the border within the park itself is required to achieve this aim. This business park is at the crossroads of two fields and questions the economics of development for the region.
La pensée managériale française. Troisième partie. Les continuateurs (1945-1975)
Authors: Marco Luc
Published: December 2021

The «thirty glorious years » (1945-1975) were an auspicious period for the management of firms in France. On the one hand Management science set itself up as independent from Economic science. On the other hand the practitioners and the historians showed that there was a specifically French mode of management. After having mainly imitated the Americans we started to inovate and rediscover the vigour of our great management ancestors.
Thématiser l'espace-temps comme pratique artistique
Authors: Forest Fred
Published: December 2021

La multiplicité des mondes virtuels engendrés par l'utilisation des machines électroniques ouvre des champs d'expérimentation presque illimités aux scientifiques, aux philosophes et aux artistes. La possibilité, pour les créateurs, d'intervenir directement dans la production virtuelle les invite à ouvrir toujours plus grandes les portes de l'imaginaire, du symbolique et du plaisir. L'auteur, «artiste de la communication», décrit quelques unes des «performances» qu'il a organisées dans la perspective d'une «esthétique des réseaux ».
Les espaces multiples de Fred Forest
Authors: Devèze Jean
Published: December 2021

Fred Forest, l'un des artistes fondateurs du groupe «Esthétique de la communication», poursuit depuis 25 ans une recherche pratico-théorique sur les espaces de la communication, qu'ils soient physiques, médiatiques, politiques, symboliques ou critiques. L'auteur analyse ce cocktail détonant qui fait de ce créateur l'un des plus originaux de ce P.A.F. (Paysage Artistique Français) encore trop méconnu des spécialistes de l'information et de la communication.
Variations sur la création artistique. Enjeu conceptuel et enjeu de pouvoir
Authors: Caune Jean
Published: December 2021

Ces trente dernières années, les acteurs culturels ont vécu la relation de l'art à la population sans autre perspective que l'alternative : méfiance vis-à-vis de la création artistique, et de sa réification, ou refus des diverses médiations de l'art auprès des publics réels ou virtuels (le non-public). Au début des années 1980, la création cherchera à se présenter comme une force de mobilisation susceptible de transformer les comportements sensibles, voire même d'ouvrir une issue à la crise.

L'idée que la création artistique est subversive par nature caractérise alors l'idéologie de la création. La création, concept indifférencié, se voit reconnaître la capacité d'apporter une réponse aux tensions, aux contradictions et aux blocages de tous ordres.
Participator ou le retour de l'humain
Authors: Nicolas Yves
Published: December 2021

La ressource humaine a occupé dans les théories de l'organisation une place variable. Elle se tarit avec le taylorisme et le Mouvement des Relations Humaines la restaure. Ce mouvement pendulaire est interrogé à partir de crises économiques et sociales que connaissent les Etats-Unis et la France ; et il est possible d'en établir le calendrier dès lors que l'on articule productions matérielle et intellectuelle.
La gestion des ressources humaines : du credo au crédible
Authors: Neveu Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2021

De nos jours, le vocable «ressources humaines » remplace de plus en plus «administration du personnel». Cette évolution témoigne d'une volonté de changement dans la manière d'appréhender la composante humaine des processus de travail. Cependant, nous remarquons un décalage entre, d'un côté, l'idée d'une mutation nécessaire exprimée par le discours théorique et, d'un autre côté, la pratique de bon nombre d'entreprises. En soulignant les faiblesses d'une traduction dans les faits de l'«esprit GRH», nous en dégageons aussi les futures lignes d'actions devant être poursuivies par ceux qui désirent réconcilier l'homme avec son environnement de travail.
Le management de la subjectivité
Authors: Floris Bernard
Published: December 2021

Gestion des ressources humaines et communication sont indissociables. Le principal gisement de valeur se trouve désormais au niveau du savoir des individus et le management consiste à la mobilisation optimale de la valeur-savoir. Mais on ne mobilise pas la subjectivité comme on manie l'énergie des corps. Le travail intelligent est inséparable de sa motivation. Il faut donc à la fois gérer des ressources immatérielles et gouverner des relations subjectives. Les légitimités managériales et salariales se redisposent en fonction de ce paramètre.
Quand la G.R.H. se met au vert
Authors: Bonnet Anne
Published: December 2021

L'écologie qui a pénétré dans les entreprises — depuis le marketing vert jusqu'aux actions de sponsoring et de mécénat — n'a pas épargné la gestion des ressources humaines qui se teinte désormais de vert. La protection de l'environnement — thème consensuel par excellence — présente l'avantage de recueillir tous les suffrages et de détourner l'attention sur l'externe. Mais de quelle nature est véritablement ce courant écologique ? Ne s'apparente-t-il pas au religieux en renouant avec les mythes an cestraux d'une nature magnanime et d'un ailleurs rêvé ? Sommes-nous entrés dans l'ère de la gestion poétique des ressources humaines ?
Médias et Société en Pays Basque. Vers la constitution d'un espace de communication transfrontalier ?
Authors: Darre Alain
Published: December 2021

Légitimées par un fond historique et culturel commun et par les échéances européennes qui stimulent les échanges économiques, les relations transfrontalières se multiplient au Pays Basque. C'est notamment le cas dans le monde médiatique local à la fois reflet et vecteur d'une recomposition de l'espace qui ne parvient cependant pas encore à effacer des psychologies collectives différentielles.
Le territoire des réseaux vidéotex internationaux : flux transfrontières ou flux transfrontaliers ?
Authors: Loiseau Gérard
Published: December 2021

Encouraged by France, the internationalization of videotex networks enables easier trans-border data flow. Is the operating of these networks antinomic to the presence of specific territorial contents ? The weakness of the trans-border videotex data flow traffic and the almost inexistent trans-border region flows in the Alsace, Aquitaine and Midi Pyrenees areas do not, as-to-date, enable one to come to any decision in this debate on network and territory.
Les «ressources humaines » aux prises avec la communication d'entreprise. Le cas Citroën
Authors: Le Moenne Christian
Published: December 2021

For about ten years, the PSA-Citroën factories in Rennes have been in a phase of complete reorganization. The middle managers are directly concerned by this movement for their traditional functions ; their status ; their leadership style ; their formation and their relationships need to be «modernized ». Their new rôles are summed up in a questionable injunction : «you must communicate ! » This is not easy to practice in a context where ambient culture and modes of thinking are under a «Taylorist » influence.