bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-speed shear-driven dynamos. Part 2. Numerical analysis
Authors: Deguchi Kengo
Published: August 2019

This paper aims to numerically verify the large Reynolds number asymptotic theory of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) flows proposed in the companion paper Deguchi (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 868, 2019, pp. 176–211). To avoid any complexity associated with the chaotic nature of turbulence and flow geometry, nonlinear steady solutions of the viscous resistive MHD equations in plane Couette flow have been utilised. Two classes of nonlinear MHD states, which convert kinematic energy to magnetic energy effectively, have been determined. The first class of nonlinear states can be obtained when a small spanwise uniform magnetic field is applied to the known hydrodynamic solution branch of plane Couette flow. The nonlinear states are characterised by the hydrodynamic/magnetic roll–streak and the resonant layer at which strong vorticity and current sheets are observed. These flow features, and the induced strong streamwise magnetic field, are fully consistent with the vortex/Alfvén wave interaction theory proposed in the companion paper. When the spanwise uniform magnetic field is switched off, the solutions become purely hydrodynamic. However, the second class of ‘self-sustained shear-driven dynamos’ at the zero external magnetic field limit can be found by homotopy via the forced states subject to a spanwise uniform current field. The discovery of the dynamo states has motivated the corresponding large Reynolds number matched asymptotic analysis in the companion paper. Here, the reduced equations derived by the asymptotic theory have been solved numerically. The asymptotic solution provides remarkably good predictions for the finite Reynolds number dynamo solutions.
THE RULE OF GOOD LAW: FORM, SUBSTANCE AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
Authors: Foran Michael P.
Published: August 2019

This paper explores the effect that conformity to the rule of law has on the ends which might legitimately be pursued within a legal system. The neat distinction between formal and substantive conceptions of the rule of law will be challenged: even apparently formal conceptions necessarily affect the content of law and necessarily entail the protection of certain fundamental rights. What remains of the formal/substantive dichotomy is, in fact, a distinction between conceptions of the rule of law which guarantee the substantive justice of each and every law and those which entail some commitment to basic requirements of justice while nevertheless leaving room for unjust laws. Ultimately, the only significant distinction between competing theories of the rule of law concerns the nature of the connection between legality and justice, not whether there is any such connection at all.
Scottish Gaelic
Authors: Nance Claire , Maolalaigh Roibeard Ó
Published: August 2019

Scottish Gaelic is a minority language of Scotland spoken by approximately 58,000 people, or 1% of the Scottish population (speaker numbers from the 2011 Census available in National Records of Scotland 2015). Here, we refer to the language as ‘Gaelic’, pronounced in British English as /ɡalɪk/, as is customary within the Gaelic-speaking community. In Gaelic, the language is referred to as Gàidhlig /kaːlɪc/. Gaelic is a Celtic language, closely related to Irish (MacAulay 1992, Ní Chasaide 1999, Gillies 2009). Although Gaelic was widely spoken across much of Scotland in medieval times (Withers 1984, Clancy 2009), the language has recently declined in traditional areas such as the western seaboard and western islands of Scotland and is now considered ‘definitely endangered’ by UNESCO classification (Moseley 2010). Analysis of the location of Gaelic speakers in Scotland and maps from the most recent Census in 2011 can be found in National Records of Scotland (2015). Figure 1 shows the location of Gaelic speakers in Scotland as a percentage of the inhabitants aged over three in each Civil Parish who reported being able to speak Gaelic in the 2011 Census.
Global deficits in executive functioning are transdiagnostic mediators between severe childhood neglect and psychopathology in adolescence
Authors: Wade Mark , Zeanah Charles H. , Fox Nathan A. , Nelson Charles A.
Published: August 2019

Background

Children reared in institutions experience profound deprivation that is associated with both heightened levels of psychopathology and deficits in executive functioning (EF). It is unclear whether deficits in EF among institutionally-reared children serve as a vulnerability factor that increases risk for later psychopathology. It is also unclear whether this putative association between EF and psychopathology is transdiagnostic (i.e. cuts across domains of psychopathology), or specific to a given syndrome. Thus, we examined whether global deficits in EF mediate the association between severe childhood neglect and general v. specific psychopathology in adolescence.

Methods

The sample consisted of 188 children from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project, a longitudinal study examining the brain and behavioral development of children reared in Romanian institutions and a comparison group of never-institutionalized children. EF was assessed at age 8, 12, and 16 using a well-validated measure of neuropsychological functioning. Psychopathology was measured as general (P) and specific internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) factors at age 12 and 16.

Results

Institutionally-reared children had lower global EF and higher general psychopathology (P) at all ages compared to never-institutionalized children. Longitudinal path analysis revealed that the effect of institutionalization on P at age 16 operated indirectly through poorer EF from ages 8 to 12. No indirect effects involving EF were observed for INT or EXT at age 16.

Conclusions

We conclude that stable, global deficits in EF serve as a cognitive endophenotype that increases transdiagnostic vulnerability to psychopathology in adolescence among those who have experienced profound early neglect.
Maps for a Prince
Authors: Wandel Lee Palmer
Published: August 2019

Argument

This article takes up what and how maps might have taught a Crown Prince in the century before maps became a part of classrooms and Mercator’s system of projection engendered those collective perceptions of space and person that have become a part of a modern shared spatial imagination. The focus of this article is a single codex, utterly unique, which scholars have posited was compiled in 1570 to accompany the Crown Prince of Jülich-Cleves-Berg on his Italian trip. This article argues that this codex was designed to teach him practices of spatial imagination, a concept this article introduces.
Examining Public Concern about Global Warming and Climate Change in China
Authors: Liu Xinsheng , Hao Feng , Portney Kent , Liu Yinxi
Published: August 2019

To what degree are Chinese citizens concerned about the seriousness of global warming and climate change (GWCC) and what are the key factors that shape their concern? Drawing theoretical insights from extant literature and using recent data from a national representative public survey (N = 3,748) and provincial environmental and economic statistics, this study, the first of its kind, examines the variations and determinants of Chinese GWCC concern. Our data show that in China, compared to other countries, average public concern about GWCC is relatively low, and concern varies greatly among Chinese citizens, across different provinces and between coastal and inland areas. Statistical analyses reveal that the levels of Chinese GWCC concern are significantly influenced by individual sociodemographic characteristics, personal post-materialist values, and regional economic dependency on carbon-intensive industries. Specifically, women and younger Chinese with greater post-materialist values are more concerned about GWCC than their counterparts, and citizens from provinces with higher economic dependency on carbon-intensive industries tend to be less concerned about GWCC than people from provinces with lower carbon dependency. We discuss key policy implications and make suggestions for future research in the conclusion.
‘What a Republic It Was!’ Public Violence and State Building in the Bohemian Lands after 1918
Authors: Šmidrkal Václav
Published: August 2019

This article discusses the public violence that occurred in the Bohemian lands after the establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918. It follows the tension between the self-empowered people, who expected a profound change in their daily lives, and the state, which sought stabilisation through the continuity of institutions. Using the examples of the Železná Ruda mutiny in July 1919 and the workers’ general strike in December 1920, the article shows that public violence was relatively easily manageable by a combination of negotiations and force, for it did not pursue a clear vision opposing Czechoslovakia but rather tried to participate in its formation.
Assessing the Psychometric Properties of the Internet Abusive Use Questionnaire in Italian University Students
Authors: Servidio Rocco , Francés Fernando Calvo , Bertucci Andrea
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The risks emanating from the abusive use of the Internet are on the rise, especially among young adults causing psychological problems in their social and personal lifestyles. To date, there are only two validated measures in the Italian language to measure the risk of Internet addiction. This study served to validate an Italian version of the Internet Abusive Use Questionnaire (IAUQ-I) via a translation-back-translation process. A sample of 289 Italian university students participated in the study (73.70% females). The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis established the unidimensional factorial structure of the scale. Validity and reliability analyses indicated adequate results concerning the psychometric properties of the Italian IAUQ-I. We also found an association between IAUQ-I and self-esteem, and personality traits. This study shows that the IAUQ-I represents a valid instrument for measuring the abusive use of the Internet and could be used not only for further epidemiological studies, but also to inform practitioners working with persons addicted to technology.
Wirkung von Lichttherapie auf den Nachtschlaf von Kindern mit Schlafproblemen
Authors: Wessolowski Nino , Barkmann Claus , Stuhrmann Lydia Yao , Schulte-Markwort Michael
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung. Studien zur Wirkung von Lichttherapie auf den Nachtschlaf von Jugendlichen zeigen ein früheres Einschlafen und eine längere Schlafdauer. Die vorliegende Studie möchte entsprechende Effekte bei Kindern prüfen. 28 Kinder (M = 10.0; SD = 1.65 Jahre) mit Ein- und Durchschlafproblemen erhielten ein Lichttherapiegerät für die Heimanwendung. Die Wirkung wurde in einem A-B-A-B-Design mit vierfacher Messwiederholung überprüft. Eine Reduktion der Einschlafdauer um ca. 10 Minuten wurde festgestellt sowie signifikante Effekte kleinerer bis mittlerer Größe hinsichtlich der Einschlafschwierigkeiten, des nächtlichen Aufwachens und der Stimmung. Die Repräsentativität der Stichprobe ist eingeschränkt, jedoch entsprechen die Ergebnisse überwiegend den Befunden bei Jugendlichen. Durch den wöchentlichen Wechsel zwischen Anwendung und Nichtanwendung werden zeitlich trägere circadiane Effekte eher unterschätzt. Somit scheinen die Effekte übertragbar zu sein. Weitere Forschung ist jedoch notwendig.
Modeling the Effect of Potential Nitric Acid Removal During Convective Injection of Water Vapor Over the Central United States on the Chemical Composition of the Lower Stratosphere
Authors: Clapp C. E. , Anderson J. G.
Published: August 2019

Tropopause‐penetrating convection is a frequent seasonal feature of the Central United States climate. This convection presents the potential for consistent transport of water vapor into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) through the lofting of ice, which then sublimates. Water vapor enhancements associated with convective ice lofting have been observed in both in situ and satellite measurements. These water vapor enhancements can increase the probability of sulfate aerosol‐catalyzed heterogeneous reactions that convert reservoir chlorine (HCl and ClONO2) to free radical chlorine (Cl and ClO) that leads to catalytic ozone loss. In addition to water vapor transport, lofted ice may also scavenge nitric acid and further impact the chlorine activation chemistry of the UTLS. We present a photochemical model that resolves the vertical chemical structure of the UTLS to explore the effect of water vapor enhancements and potential additional nitric acid removal. The model is used to define the response of stratospheric column ozone to the range of convective water vapor transported and the temperature variability of the lower stratosphere currently observed over the Central United States in conjunction with potential nitric acid removal and to scenarios of elevated sulfate aerosol surface area density representative of possible future volcanic eruptions or solar radiation management. We find that the effect of HNO3 removal is dependent on the magnitude of nitric acid removal and has the greatest potential to increase chlorine activation and ozone loss under UTLS conditions that weakly favor the chlorine activation heterogeneous reactions by reducing NOx sources.
The Ocean CO2 Sink in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: A Present‐Day Budget and Past Trends Due to Climate Change
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed , Else Brent G. T.
Published: August 2019

Arctic shelf seas are highly heterogeneous, making it difficult to accurately account for their role in regional and global air‐sea CO2 exchange budgets. Here we estimate the CO2 sink in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) based on empirical relationships that account for spatiotemporal variations in the sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2sw) as a function of seasonal sea ice cycles. During the open water season from 2010 to 2016, the CAA acted as a net oceanic sink with an average CO2 flux of −7.7 ± 4 Tg C/year. This sink is significantly smaller than previous estimates for the CAA, emphasizing the importance of properly accounting for seasonal and spatial variability on Arctic shelves. Applying our analysis to a 37‐year record of sea ice conditions, we calculate an increase in the open water CO2 sink by ~150% (a trend of ~ −1.3 Tg C/decade), associated with sea ice loss and higher wind speeds.
The Effects of Carbon Concentration and Silicate Composition on the Metal‐Silicate Partitioning of Carbon in a Shallow Magma Ocean
Authors: Kuwahara H. , Itoh S. , Nakada R. , Irifune T.
Published: August 2019

The partitioning of carbon between the core and mantle during the formation of terrestrial planets may have controlled the distribution of carbon in terrestrial planets. However, the abundance of carbon in the Earth's mantle is higher than a prediction based on previous metal‐silicate partitioning experiments of carbon at carbon‐saturated conditions by more than an order of magnitude. Here, we report new metal‐silicate partitioning experiments of carbon at carbon contents of 0.25–0.5 wt%. We show that the metal‐silicate partition coefficient of carbon (
) strongly correlates with nonbridging oxygen per tetrahedral cations (nbo/t) of silicate melts at
conditions where C‐H species are stable. Moreover, the results suggest that
at carbon‐undersaturated conditions may be lower than that at carbon‐saturated condition. Thus,
at low carbon concentrations is essentially important to investigate the distribution of carbon in the Earth during the core formation.
The 2016 Tenerife (Canary Islands) Long‐Period Seismic Swarm
Authors: D'Auria Luca , Barrancos José , Padilla Germán D. , Pérez Nemesio M. , Hernández Pedro A. , Melián Gladys , Padrón Eleazar , Asensio‐Ramos María , García‐Hernández Rubén
Published: August 2019

On 2 October 2016, a significant seismic swarm of long‐period events was recorded on Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). The swarm lasted more than 5 hr and consisted of at least 766 detected events. We found a positive correlation between the amplitude of each event and the preceding interevent time together with a stability of the spectral properties and waveform similarity during most of the swarm duration. Toward the end of the swarm, individual events merged into a continuous tremor. These observations can be explained by postulating an unsteady transonic choked flow within a crack‐like conduit as a source mechanism for this swarm. The flow resulted from a sudden discharge of magmatic fluids from a pressurized reservoir into the hydrothermal system of Tenerife. The injected fluids reached the surface starting about 1 month after the swarm, as evidenced by the macroscopic increase in the diffuse CO2 emissions from the crater of Teide volcano. The lack of ground deformation and the absence of relevant seismicity at depths greater than 10 km exclude the ascent of a basaltic magma batch as a causative source mechanism. Instead, we hypothesize the sudden release of fluids accumulated at the top of a magma chamber as a possible mechanism. Another possibility is the injection of a small batch of mafic magma into a cooling magma chamber, triggering a convective mixing. Both cases imply the presence of a magma chamber at depths greater than 8.6 km. These results have important implications for the development of the volcano monitoring system of Tenerife.
A New Look at the Daily Cycle of Trade Wind Cumuli
Authors: Vial Jessica , Vogel Raphaela , Bony Sandrine , Stevens Bjorn , Winker David M. , Cai Xia , Hohenegger Cathy , Naumann Ann Kristin , Brogniez Hélène
Published: August 2019

A description of the daily cycle of oceanic shallow cumulus for undisturbed boreal winter conditions in the North Atlantic trades is presented. Modern investigation tools are used, including storm‐resolving and large‐eddy simulations, run over large domains in realistic configurations, and observations from in situ measurements and satellite‐based retrievals. Models and observations clearly show pronounced diurnal variations in cloudiness, both near cloud base and below the trade inversion. The daily cycle reflects the evolution of two cloud populations: (i) a population of nonprecipitating small cumuli with weak vertical extent, which grows during the day and maximizes around sunset, and (ii) a population of deeper precipitating clouds with a stratiform cloud layer below the trade inversion, which grows during the night and maximizes just before sunrise. Previous studies have reported that cloudiness near cloud base undergoes weak variations on time scales longer than a day. However, here we find that it can vary strongly at the diurnal time scale. This daily cycle could serve as a critical test of the models' representation of the physical processes controlling cloudiness near cloud base, which is thought to be key for the determination of the Earth's climate response to warming.
Addressing and proposing solutions for unmet clinical needs in the management of myeloproliferative neoplasm-associated thrombosis: A consensus-based position paper
Authors: Barbui Tiziano , De Stefano Valerio , Falanga Anna , Finazzi Guido , Martinelli Ida , Rodeghiero Francesco , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Barosi Giovanni
Published: August 2019

This article presents the results of a group discussion among an ad hoc constituted Panel of experts aimed at highlighting unmet clinical needs (UCNs) in the management of thrombotic risk and thrombotic events associated with Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph-neg MPNs). With the Delphi technique, the challenges in Ph-neg MPN-associated thrombosis were selected. The most clinically relevant UCNs resulted in: (1) providing evidence of the benefits and risks of direct oral anticoagulants, (2) providing evidence of the benefits and risks of cytoreduction in patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis without hypercythemia, (3) improving knowledge of the role of the mutated endothelium in the pathogenesis of thrombosis, (4) improving aspirin dosing regimens in essential thrombocythemia, (5) improving antithrombotic management of Ph-neg MPN-associated pregnancy, (6) providing evidence for the optimal duration of anticoagulation for prophylaxis of recurrent VTE, (7) improving knowledge of the association between somatic gene mutations and risk factors for thrombosis, and (8) improving the grading system of thrombosis risk in polycythemia vera. For each of these issues, proposals for advancement in research and clinical practice were addressed. Hopefully, this comprehensive overview will serve to inform the design and implementation of new studies in the field.
Three-dimensional resonating metamaterials for low-frequency vibration attenuation
Authors: Elmadih W. , Chronopoulos D. , Syam W. P. , Maskery I. , Meng H. , Leach R. K.
Published: August 2019

Recent advances in additive manufacturing have enabled fabrication of phononic crystals and metamaterials which exhibit spectral gaps, or stopbands, in which the propagation of elastic waves is prohibited by Bragg scattering or local resonance effects. Due to the high level of design freedom available to additive manufacturing, the propagation properties of the elastic waves in metamaterials are tunable through design of the periodic cell. In this paper, we outline a new design approach for metamaterials incorporating internal resonators, and provide numerical and experimental evidence that the stopband exists over the irreducible Brillouin zone of the unit cell of the metamaterial (i.e. is a three-dimensional stopband). The targeted stopband covers a much lower frequency range than what can be realised through Bragg scattering alone. Metamaterials have the ability to provide (a) lower frequency stopbands than Bragg-type phononic crystals within the same design volume, and/or (b) comparable stopband frequencies with reduced unit cell dimensions. We also demonstrate that the stopband frequency range of the metamaterial can be tuned through modification of the metamaterial design. Applications for such metamaterials include aerospace and transport components, as well as precision engineering components such as vibration-suppressing platforms, supports for rotary components, machine tool mounts and metrology frames.
Interaction between repetition suppression in motor activation and long-interval intracortical inhibition
Authors: Kariminezhad Shohreh , Karhu Jari , Säisänen Laura , Könönen Mervi , Julkunen Petro
Published: August 2019

Repetition suppression (RS) is the adaptation of the neural activity in response to a repeated external stimulus. It has been proposed that RS occurs at the thalamo-cortical level, hence activating a feedback loop to the cortex in order to counteract with the repeated motor cortical activation. In this study, to elucidate the common modulators between the RS and the inhibitory/facilitatory cortical networks, two TMS paradigms were applied, i.e. the characteristic long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) and the I1-wave timed short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF). Since LICI is a local intracortical inhibitory phenomenon affecting cortical excitation over a long interval like the RS, the interaction between RS and LICI was tested. As the I1-wave timed SICF is likely not affected by inhibitory modulation, the appearance of the RS with respect to SICF was investigated. Non-linear interaction between LICI and RS was observed, while I1-wave timed SICF facilitated all MEP responses of RS by a common offset still preserving the RS. These findings implicate that the underlying mechanism for the observed interaction is likely contributed to the activation of the negative thalamo-cortical feedback loop represented by the RS, most likely at the cortical level.
High prevalence of hyperlipidaemia in patients with AV re-entry tachycardia and AV nodal re-entry tachycardia
Authors: Zeljković Ivan , Đula Kristijan , Babacanli Alen , Kruljac Ivan , Mustapić Vito , Brkljačić Diana Delić , Bulj Nikola , Radeljić Vjekoslav , Manola Šime , Pavlović Nikola
Published: August 2019

Diet rich in lipids and hyperlipidaemia increases incidence of atrial premature beats and all supraventricular arrhythmias. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of hyperlipidaemia in patients with AV re-entry tachycardia (AVRT) and AV nodal re-entry tachycardia (AVNRT). We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, case-control study that included all consecutive patients for whom AVRT or AVNRT was confirmed during electrophysiology study. Age and gender-matched patients admitted to hospital or outpatient clinic for various reasons were randomly included and served as a control group. Hyperlipidaemia was defined according to 2016 European Society of Cardiology guidelines. A total of 1448 subjects were included: 725 patients with AVRT/AVNRT and 723 controls. AVRT/AVNRT patients had high hyperlipidaemia prevalence, which was significantly higher when compared to the control group (50.1 vs. 35.8%, p < 0.001). AVRT patients, with median age of 37.5 years, had hyperlipidaemia prevalence of 45.7%. In a multivariate analysis, hyperlipidaemia was independently associated with AVRT/AVNRT (OR 2.128, p < 0.001), both with AVNRT (OR 1.878, p < 0.001) and AVRT (OR 2.786, p < 0.001). Hypercholesterolemia was significantly more prevalent in patients with AVNRT and AVRT, while this was not the case for hypertriglyceridemia. There were no differences between the AVRT and AVNRT patients regarding hyperlipidaemia prevalence (51.9 vs. 45.7%, p = 0.801), even though AVRT patients were significantly younger (37.5 vs. 48.5, p < 0.001). In conclusion, this is the first study that investigated hyperlipidaemia prevalence in patients with AVRT or AVNRT. AVRT/AVNRT patients had higher prevalence of hyperlipidaemia and higher total and LDL cholesterol levels.
Association between Clinical and Laboratory Markers and 5-year Mortality among Patients with Stroke
Authors: Chen Chien-Min , Lee Meng , Yang Yao-Hsu , Huang Shih-Shin , Lin Chu-Hsu
Published: August 2019

Factors influencing long-term stroke mortality have not been comprehensively investigated. This study aimed to identify the baseline clinical, laboratory, demographic/socioeconomic, and hospital factors influencing 5-year mortality in patients with first stroke. Total 3,956 patients with first-stroke hospitalization from 2004 to 2008 were connected to the longitudinal National Health Insurance Research Database. Post-admission baseline data that significantly increased 5-year mortality were red cell distribution width (RDW) >0.145 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.71), hemoglobin <120 g/L (aHR = 1.25), blood sugar <3.89 mmol/L (70 mg/dL)(aHR = 2.57), serum creatinine >112.27 μmol/L (aHR = 1.76), serum sodium <134 mmol/L (aHR = 1.73), body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2(aHR = 1.33), Glasgow Coma Scale <15 (aHR = 1.43), Stroke Severity Index ≥20 (aHR = 3.92), Charlson–Deyo Comorbidity Index ≥3 (aHR = 4.21), no rehabilitation (aHR = 1.86), and age ≥65 years (aHR = 2.25). Hemoglobin, RDW, blood sugar, serum creatinine and sodium, BMI, consciousness, stroke severity, comorbidity, rehabilitation, and age were associated with 5-year mortality in patients with first stroke.
Elucidation of Galactomannan Biosynthesis Pathway Genes through Transcriptome Sequencing of Seeds Collected at Different Developmental Stages of Commercially Important Indian Varieties of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)
Authors: Chaudhury Ashok , Kaila Tanvi , Gaikwad Kishor
Published: August 2019

Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L) endosperm predominantly contains guar gum a polysaccharide, which has tremendous industrial applications in food, textile, paper, oil drilling and water treatment. In order to understand the genes controlling galactomannan biosynthesis, mRNA was isolated from seeds collected at different developmental stages; young pods, mature pods and young leaf from two guar varieties, HG365 and HG870 and subjected to Illumina sequencing. De novo assembly of fourteen individual read files from two varieties of guar representing seven developmental stages gave a total of 1,13,607 contigs with an N50 of 1,244 bases. Annotation of assemblies with GO mapping revealed three levels of distribution, namely, Biological Processes, Molecular Functions and Cellular Components. GO studies identified major genes involved in galactomannan biosynthesis: Cellulose synthase D1 (CS D1) and GAUT-like gene families. Among the polysaccharide biosynthetic process (GO:0000271) genes the transcript abundance for CS was found to be predominantly more in leaf samples, whereas, the transcript abundance for GAUT-like steadily increased from 65% to 90% and above from stage1 to stage5 indicating accumulation of galactomannan in developing seeds; and validated by qRT-PCR analysis. Galactomannan quantification by HPLC showed HG365 (12.98–20.66%) and HG870 (7.035–41.2%) gradually increasing from stage1 to stage 5 (10–50 DAA) and highest accumulation occurred in mature and dry seeds with 3.8 to 7.1 fold increase, respectively. This is the first report of transcriptome sequencing and complete profiling of guar seeds at different developmental stages, young pods, mature pods and young leaf material from two commercially important Indian varieties and elucidation of galactomannan biosynthesis pathway. It is envisaged that the data presented herein will be very useful for improvement of guar through biotechnological interventions in future.
Electromagnetic fields alter the motility of metastatic breast cancer cells
Authors: Garg Ayush Arpit , Jones Travis H. , Moss Sarah M. , Mishra Sanjay , Kaul Kirti , Ahirwar Dinesh K. , Ferree Jessica , Kumar Prabhat , Subramaniam Deepa , Ganju Ramesh K. , Subramaniam Vish V. , Song Jonathan W.
Published: August 2019

Interactions between cells and their environment influence key physiologic processes such as their propensity to migrate. However, directed migration controlled by extrinsically applied electrical signals is poorly understood. Using a novel microfluidic platform, we found that metastatic breast cancer cells sense and respond to the net direction of weak (∼100 µV cm−1), asymmetric, non-contact induced Electric Fields (iEFs). iEFs inhibited EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) activation, prevented formation of actin-rich filopodia, and hindered the motility of EGF-treated breast cancer cells. The directional effects of iEFs were nullified by inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, iEFs in combination with Akt inhibitor reduced EGF-promoted motility below the level of untreated controls. These results represent a step towards isolating the coupling mechanism between cell motility and iEFs, provide valuable insights into how iEFs target multiple diverging cancer cell signaling mechanisms, and demonstrate that electrical signals are a fundamental regulator of cancer cell migration.
Sequence-encoded quantitative invader assay enables highly sensitive hepatitis B virus DNA quantification in a single tube without the use of a calibration curve
Authors: Sheng Nan , Zou Bingjie , Tong Huan , Lu Yan , Xing Sixi , Song Qinxin , Zhou Guohua
Published: August 2019

Absolute quantification of HBV-DNA by sequence-encoded Quantitative Invader assay in a single tube without using calibration curves.
Correction: A new point-of-care test for the diagnosis of infectious diseases based on multiplex lateral flow immunoassays
Authors: Kim Hanbi , Chung Doo-Ryeon , Kang Minhee
Published: August 2019

Correction for ‘A new point-of-care test for the diagnosis of infectious diseases based on multiplex lateral flow immunoassays’ by Hanbi Kim et al., Analyst, 2019, 144, 2460–2466.
5,20-Diheterohexaphyrins: metal-template-free synthesis and aromaticity switching
Authors: Umetani Masataka , Kim Jinseok , Tanaka Takayuki , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: August 2019

5,20-Diheterohexaphyrins with variable aromatic characters have been synthesized for the first time.
Enhanced catalytic performance of zinc oxide nanorods with crystal plane control
Authors: Zhou Tong , Hu Min , He Jia , Xie Ruicong , An Cuihua , Li Chao , Luo Jun
Published: August 2019

Crystal plane control, one type of morphological control, can improve the performance of catalysts in catalytic reactions.
Exotic magnetism in As-doped α/β-In2Se3 monolayers with tunable anisotropic carrier mobility
Authors: Li Xiaoteng , Zuo Xi , Li Heming , Han Li , Gao Quan , Li Dongmei , Cui Bin , Liu Desheng , Qu Fanyao
Published: August 2019

The two-dimensional (2D) material family is expanding fast as novel metal chalcogenides are being continually fabricated and intriguingly, plenty of them are ideal candidates for future nanoscale electronic and magnetic devices.
Deconvolution of BIL-SFG and DL-SFG spectroscopic signals reveals order/disorder of water at the elusive aqueous silica interface
Authors: Pezzotti Simone , Galimberti Daria Ruth , Gaigeot Marie-Pierre
Published: August 2019

Through the prism of the rather controversial and elusive silica/water interface, ab initio DFT-based molecular dynamics simulations of the structure and non-linear SFG spectroscopy of the interface are analysed.
Elucidation of structures and lithium environments for an organo-sulfur cathode
Authors: Djuandhi Lisa , Sharma Neeraj , Cowie Bruce C. C. , Nguyen Thanh V. , Rawal Aditya
Published: August 2019

In-depth analysis of solid state NMR, XRD and X-ray absorption spectroscopy data is used to detail the function of an organo-sulfur cathode.
Computational description of key spectroscopic features of zeolite SSZ-13
Authors: Göltl Florian , Love Alyssa M. , Schuenzel Sarah C. , Wolf Patrick , Mavrikakis Manos , Hermans Ive
Published: August 2019

A theoretical model for protonated SSZ13 is used to explain experimentally measured OH-IR vibrational spectra and 27Al-NMR and 29Si-NMR spectra.
Structural inhomogeneity as a factor promoting the homogenous catalysis of CO2 hydrogenation by (PMe3)4RuH2
Authors: Xia Guang-Jie , Liu Jianwen , Liu Zhi-Feng
Published: August 2019

Inhomogeneous distribution of additive molecules around a catalyst could play an important role in a homogeneous catalytic cycle.
Identification of active sites in CO oxidation over a Pd/Al2O3 catalyst
Authors: Murata Kazumasa , Eleeda Eleen , Ohyama Junya , Yamamoto Yuta , Arai Shigeo , Satsuma Atsushi
Published: August 2019

The active sites of Pd/Al2O3 catalysts for CO oxidations were identified by investigating the dependence of CO oxidation activities on the surface structure and morphology of Pd nanoparticles.
The effects of resveratrol on metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease
Authors: Hoseini Asma , Namazi Gholamreza , Farrokhian Alireza , Reiner Željko , Aghadavod Esmat , Bahmani Fereshteh , Asemi Zatollah
Published: August 2019

This study was performed to investigate the effects of resveratrol on metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary heart disease (CHD).
A proteomics outlook towards the elucidation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition molecular events
Authors: Silvestrini Virgínia Campos , Lanfredi Guilherme Pauperio , Masson Ana Paula , Poersch Aline , Ferreira Germano Aguiar , Thomé Carolina Hassibe , Faça Vítor Marcel
Published: August 2019

A proteomic overview of the EMT process highlighting potential targets from meta-analysis data.
Solution versus solid-state dual emission of the Au(i)-alkynyl diphosphine complexes via modification of polyaromatic spacers
Authors: Belyaev Andrey , Kolesnikov Ilya , Melnikov Alexei S. , Gurzhiy Vladislav V. , Tunik Sergey P. , Koshevoy Igor O.
Published: August 2019

Single molecule luminophores capable of multiple emissions are essential for the development of new materials with unconventional photophysical behavior.
Shape induced sorting via rim-to-rim complementarity in the formation of pillar[5, 6]arene-based supramolecular organogels
Authors: Kaizerman-Kane Dana , Hadar Maya , Granot Eran , Patolsky Fernando , Zafrani Yossi , Cohen Yoram
Published: August 2019

The first two-component rim-to-rim pillar[6]arene-based supramolecular organogels were prepared. Shape complementarity was found to be an important determinant in the formation of such gels which also show shape-induced sorting in their formation.
Effects of LaCoO3 perovskite nanoparticle on Daphnia magna: accumulation, distribution and biomarker responses
Authors: Zhou Tingting , Zhang Lili , Wang Ying , Mu Qian , Yin Jingyu
Published: August 2019

The instability of PNMs in water is of environmental concern. This study shows that in daphnids over 48 h, the mode of action of a representative PNM LaCoO3 is dependent on Co species, which results in the differences in uptake, accumulation, distribution and toxicity.
A univariate ternary logic and three-valued multiplier implemented in a nano-columnar crystalline zinc oxide memristor
Authors: Chen Qi-Lai , Liu Gang , Tang Ming-Hua , Chen Xin-Hui , Zhang Yue-Jun , Zheng Xue-Jun , Li Run-Wei
Published: August 2019

Memristors, which feature small sizes, fast speeds, low power, CMOS compatibility and nonvolatile modulation of device resistance, are promising candidates for next-generation data storage and in-memory computing paradigms.
Hierarchical non-woven fabric NiO/TiO2 film as an efficient anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Hong , Tian Binqiang , Xue Jian , Ding Guoqing , Ji Xiaoming , Cao Yang
Published: August 2019

Positive synergistic effect of TiO2 and NiO of NiO/TiO2 non-woven fabric electrode improves the electrochemical performance.
A platform for accelerated continuous-flow radical polymerization of acrylates and styrene with copper-wire threads
Authors: Vishwakarma Niraj K. , Hwang Yoon-Ho , Mishra Avnish Kumar , Kim Jin Kon , Kim Dong-Pyo
Published: August 2019

Accelerated Cu(0)-mediated homo-/block (co)polymerization of the vinyl monomers is conducted via continuous-flow process with a copper metal-wire catalyst threaded through perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA) tube.
Tunable synthesis of multiply twinned intermetallic Pd3Pb nanowire networks toward efficient N2 to NH3 conversion
Authors: Guo Jingchun , Wang Hui , Xue Fei , Yu Dan , Zhang Li , Jiao Shilong , Liu Yihui , Lu Yangfan , Liu Maochang , Ruan Shuangchen , Zeng Yu-Jia , Ma Chao , Huang Hongwen
Published: August 2019

Tunable synthesis of intermetallic Pd3Pb nanowire networks with multiple twin boundaries, a porous structure and advanced N2 electroreduction performance.
Supramolecular micellar drug delivery system based on multi-arm block copolymer for highly effective encapsulation and sustained-release chemotherapy
Authors: Zhang Li , Shi Dongjian , Shi Chunling , Kaneko Tatsuo , Chen Mingqing
Published: August 2019

A novel multi-arm polyphosphoester-based nanomaterial provides high drug loading efficiency and sustained-release drug delivery for effective chemotherapy.
Autoactivation and calpain-1-mediated shedding of hepsin in human hepatoma cells
Authors: Wang Lina , Zhang Ce , Sun Shijin , Chen Yue , Hu Yae , Wang Hao , Liu Meng , Dong Ningzheng , Wu Qingyu
Published: August 2019

Hepsin is a transmembrane serine protease implicated in many biological processes, including hepatocyte growth, urinary protein secretion, auditory nerve development, and cancer metastasis. Zymogen activation is critical for hepsin function. To date, how hepsin is activated and regulated in cells remains an enigma. In this study, we conducted site-directed mutagenesis, cell expression, plasma membrane protein labeling, trypsin digestion, Western blotting, and flow cytometry experiments in human hepatoma HepG2 cells, where hepsin was originally discovered, and SMMC-7721 cells. Our results show that hepsin is activated by autocatalysis on the cell surface but not intracellularly. Moreover, we show that hepsin undergoes ectodomain shedding. In the conditioned medium from HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells, we detected a soluble fragment comprising nearly the entire extracellular region of hepsin. By testing protease inhibitors, gene knockdown, and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified calpain-1 as a primary protease that acted extracellularly to cleave Tyr52 in the juxtamembrane space of hepsin. These results provide new insights into the biochemical and cellular mechanisms that regulate hepsin expression and activity.
Fusion of multi‐modal lumbar spine images using Kekre's hybrid wavelet transform
Authors: Palkar Bhakti , Mishra Dhirendra
Published: August 2019

Image fusion is the process of merging multiple images to generate a single image called ‘fused image’ which is more informative than input images in terms of human perception and machine processing. In medical applications, images of the same or different modalities are fused to generate a new image which helps clinicians in reliable and accurate diagnosis. Fused image of mono‐modal medical images is used to see pre‐ and post‐operative results. Multi‐modal medical images are fused for treatment or surgical planning. In this study, the authors have focused on the fusion of lumbar spine images of two completely different modalities: Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). CT provides bony details whereas MR provides soft tissue details. Since the two images are captured using two different machines, these images need to be strictly aligned with each other before fusing. Kekre's Hybrid wavelet transform (KHWT) is used to fuse registered images using combinations of six different orthogonal transforms with four different transform sizes. It is compared with five other fusion methods in qualitative and quantitative ways. The overall comparison indicates that the fused image generated using KHWT is better than input images in terms of content, quality and contrast.
State‐of‐art analysis of image denoising methods using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Thakur Rini Smita , Yadav Ram Narayan , Gupta Lalita
Published: August 2019

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are deep neural networks that can be trained on large databases and show outstanding performance on object classification, segmentation, image denoising etc. In the past few years, several image denoising techniques have been developed to improve the quality of an image. The CNN based image denoising models have shown improvement in denoising performance as compared to non‐CNN methods like block‐matching and three‐dimensional (3D) filtering, contemporary wavelet and Markov random field approaches etc. which had remained state‐of‐the‐art for years. This study provides a comprehensive study of state‐of‐the‐art image denoising methods using CNN. The literature associated with different CNNs used for image restoration like residual learning based models (DnCNN‐S, DnCNN‐B, IDCNN), non‐locality reinforced (NN3D), fast and flexible network (FFDNet), deep shrinkage CNN (SCNN), a model for mixed noise reduction, denoising prior driven network (PDNN) are reviewed. DnCNN‐S and PDNN remove Gaussian noise of fixed level, whereas DnCNN‐B, IDCNN, NN3D and SCNN are used for blind Gaussian denoising. FFDNet is used for spatially variant Gaussian noise. The performance of these CNN models is analysed on BSD‐68 and Set‐12 datasets. PDNN shows the best result in terms of PSNR for both BSD‐68 and Set‐12 datasets.
LSTM‐based dynamic probability continuous hand gesture trajectory recognition
Authors: Jian Chengfeng , Li Junjie , Zhang Meiyu
Published: August 2019

In the field of continuous hand‐gesture trajectory recognition, aiming at the problems of existing a lot of noise for handwriting trajectories, and difficult to segment multiple continuous hand gestures accurately, a long short‐term memory‐based dynamic probability (DP‐LSTM) method is proposed. Firstly, obtain the classification result for each sub‐period in the whole time period by using LSTM; secondly, cluster the classification results by non‐maximum suppression for trajectory algorithm to eliminate interference of invalid subsets; Finally, the end point of the valid trajectory is obtained according to the characteristics of the probability change, thus realising dynamic trajectory segmentation and recognition. In order to evaluate the performance of the DP‐LSTM, this method is evaluated by using an Arabic numerals gesture database. The experiments show that the DP‐LSTM has a high recognition rate for continuous hand gestures and can recognise its in real time.
Properties and nature of Be stars
Authors: Koubský P. , Harmanec P. , Brož M. , Kotková L. , Yang S. , Božić H. , Sudar D. , Frémat Y. , Korčáková D. , Votruba V. , Škoda P. , Šlechta M. , Ruždjak D.
Published: August 2019

Reliable determination of the basic physical properties of hot emission-line binaries with Roche-lobe filling secondaries is important for developing the theory of mass exchange in binaries. It is not easy, however, due to the presence of circumstellar matter. Here, we report the first detailed investigation of a new representative of this class of binaries, HD 81357, based on the analysis of spectra and photometry from several observatories. HD 81357 was found to be a double-lined spectroscopic binary and an ellipsoidal variable seen under an intermediate orbital inclination of ∼(63 ± 5)°, having an orbital period of 33.d77445(41) and a circular orbit. From an automated comparison of the observed and synthetic spectra, we estimate the component’s effective temperatures to be 12930(540) K and 4260(24) K. The combined light-curve and orbital solutions, also constrained by a very accurate Gaia Data Release 2 parallax, give the following values of the basic physical properties: masses 3.36 ± 0.15 and 0.34 ± 0.04M⊙N, radii 3.9 ± 0.2 and 13.97 ± 0.05R⊙N, and a mass ratio 10.0 ± 0.5. Evolutionary modelling of the system including the phase of mass transfer between the components indicated that HD 81357 is a system observed in the final slow phase of the mass exchange after the mass-ratio reversal. Contrary to what has been seen for similar binaries like AU Mon, no cyclic light variations were found on a time scale an order of magnitude longer than the orbital period.
The mass–size plane of EAGLE galaxies
Authors: Rosito M. S. , Tissera P. B. , Pedrosa S. E. , Lagos C. D. P.
Published: August 2019

Context. Current observational results show that both late- and early-type galaxies follow tight mass–size planes on which physical properties such as age, velocity dispersion, and metallicity correlate with the scatter on the plane.

Aims. We study the mass–size plane of galaxies in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, as a function of velocity dispersion, age, chemical abundances, ellipticity, and spin parameters with the aim of assessing to what extent the current cosmological paradigm can reproduce these observations and provide a physical interpretation of them.

Methods. We selected a sample of well-resolved galaxies from the (100 Mpc)3 simulation of the EAGLE Project. This sample is composed of 508 spheroid-dominated galaxies and 1213 disc-dominated galaxies. The distributions of velocity dispersion, age, metallicity indicators and gradients, and spin parameters across the mass–size plane are analysed. Furthermore, we study the relation between shape and kinematic parameters. The results are compared with observations.

Results. The mass-weighted ages of the EAGLE galaxies are found to vary along lines of constant velocity dispersion on the mass–size plane, except for galaxies with velocity dispersions higher than ∼150 km s−1. Negative age gradients tend to be found in extended disc galaxies in agreement with observations. However, the age distributions of early-type galaxies show a larger fraction with inverted radial profiles. The distribution of metallicity gradients does not show any clear dependence on this plane. Galaxies with similar spin parameters (λ) display larger sizes as their dynamical masses increase. Stellar-weighted ages are found to be good proxies for λ in galaxies with low ellipticity (ε). A bimodal distribution of λ is found so that the high-λ peak is dominated by discs with young stellar populations (SPs), while the second peak is mainly populated by slow rotators (λ <  0.2) with old stars. Our findings suggest that the physical processes that regulate the star formation histories in galaxies might also affect the angular moment budgets of gas and stars, and as a consequence their morphology.