bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biologically active symmetric and asymmetric dicationic bis-isatinhydrazones: which is better - complicing or simplifying the structure of the spacer?
Authors: Bogdanov A. V. , Voloshina A. D. , Amerkhanova S. K. , Lyubina A. P. , Tsivileva O. M. , Rakhmatullin R. R. , Mironov V. F.
Published: April 2024

The interaction of bis-isatins containing a 1,-ω-alkylene, arylene, or alkyluracil spacer with ammonium acetohydrazides yielded a series of dicationic isatin-3-acylhydrazones with symmetric and asymmetric structures. It was shown that the antimicrobial activity of the new compounds depends on the structure of the spacer and the nature of the substituent in the aromatic fragment. Derivatives based on 5-substituted isatins, in which heterocyclic fragments are linked by an alkylene chain of 9 and 10 carbon atoms, exhibit a bactericidal effect against resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus at the level of norfloxacin and the pathogen fungus P. cactorum , which causes plant late blight.
Mechanochemical fluorination of naproxen and its salts with F-TEDA-BF4
Authors: Borodkin G. I. , Elanov I. R. , Shubin V. G.
Published: April 2024

The mechanochemical fluorination of naproxen and its salts (Li, Na and K) using 1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate) (Selectfluor™, F-TEDA-BF4) has been studied. The reaction of naproxen with an excess of Selectfluor gives 2-(5,5-difluoro-6-oxo-5,6-dihydronaphthalene-2-yl)propionic acid in high yield. The use of a small amount of Al2O3, SiO2, M2CO3 (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs), ionic liquids (ILs), crown ethers, and N-bases enhances the rate of reaction of naproxen with Selectfluor and increases the proportion of the monofluorination product compared to the difluorination product.
Symposium on chemistry of alkynes, allenes and small cycles
Authors: Efremova M. M. , Rostovskii N. V.
Published: April 2024

The symposium on the chemistry of alkynes, allenes and small cycles was held from July 3 to July 6, 2023 at St. Petersburg State University as part of the All-Russian conference with international participation “Ideas and legacy of A.E. Favorsky in organic chemistry”. Leading experts in the chemistry of alkynes, allenes and small cycles took part in the symposium; the latest achievements in the chemistry of these classes of compounds were presented and further development prospects were discussed. This review contains brief annotations of the reports and references to the corresponding publications of the authors.
Design, synthesis and antiarrhythmic activity of new amide derivatives of indole-3-carboxylic acid
Authors: Platonova Ya. B. , Tarasov Z. A. , Volov A. N. , Volov N. A. , Savilov S. V.
Published: April 2024

The hERG (human ether-à-go-go-related gene) potassium channel has elicited intense scientific interest due to its counter-intuitive kinetics and its association with arrhythmia and sudden death. Kv1.5 potassium channel, encoded by KCNA5, is a promising target for the treatment of atrial fibrillation, one of the common arrhythmia. A new indole derivatives were synthesized via reaction of indole-3-carboxylic acid with 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]aniline under peptide coupling protocol in DMF with good yields and evaluated their antiarrythmic activity. Among them, 2-butyl- N -{4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl}-1-(2-fluorobenzoyl)-1 H -indole-3-carboxamide 34 showed preferable anti-arrhythmic effects and favoured safety. These results indicate that lead compound can be a promising antiarrythmic drug for further studies.
Studies of N-arylation of adamantane-containing amines using Chan-Lam reaction
Authors: Kuliukhina D. S. , Malysheva A. S. , Averin A. D. , Savelyev E. N. , Orlinson B. S. , Novakov I. A. , Beletskaya I. P.
Published: April 2024

Optimization of the conditions of the Chan-Lam reaction was carried out to obtain N -aryl derivatives of adamantane-containing amines. Under optimal conditions [2 equiv p -tolylboronic acid, 2 equiv. DBU, 0.1 M solution in MeCN, 20 mol % Cu(OAc)2·H2O, 25°C, 24 h] reactions with a series of adamantane-containing amines and diamines, differing by the steric hindrances at the amino group, were performed. Strong dependence of the amine reactivity on their structure was observed, the best yield of the monoamine derivatives reached 74% and that of diamines - 66%.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CALCULATION OF RECREATIONAL LOAD ON GREEN OPEN SPACE IN CITY
Authors: D’yachkova O. N. , Mikhailov A. E.
Published: April 2024

The article presents a description of the rank model for calculating the recreational load on the territory of green open space. The object of our research is the demand for open green spaces in the city for local residents. Our model is based on the theory of chances. Within the framework of research need imagine that all territories (including territories of location green open space and territories of location residential district) are taken as material points. This means that the internal structure of the allocated territory can be ignored within the framework of this model. The attitude of the urban population towards green spaces that are close to their place of residence is important to study in different ways. Our model includes two parts: in the first part of this model the recreational load is considered as a mathematical expectation of the number of visitors; in the second part, the recreational load is considered as a Poisson random variable with a time-dependent parameter. Decision makers can use this model for substantiation of urban planning standards, for developing urban areas and for landscaping.
GEOCHEMISTRY AND FORMATION CONDITIONS OF GROUNDWATER COMPOSITION IN THE AREA OF MESOZOIC SEDIMENTARY COVER IN TATARSTAN
Authors: Musin R. Kh. , Khamitov A. D. , Kalkamanova Z. G.
Published: April 2024

Mesozoic sediments cover an area of 2870 km2. Mesozoic sedimentary rocks are located in the southwestern part of the Republic of Tatarstan. A thick sequence (up to 390 m) are composed of clay with thin (up to 1 m) layers of sandstone and marl. Permian polygenic sulfate-carbonate-terrigenous deposits underlie the Mesozoic massif. They are exposed in the north of the Mesozoic sediment area.The studied area (~5000 km2) is used for farming. There are no large settlements or industrial enterprises there. The paper considers the specific features of Mesozoic and Permian groundwater composition. There is a trend to improving the groundwater quality with time. The reason of this positive trend is a decreasing technogenic impact and depopulation of the territory. The lateral and vertical hydrogeochemical stratification is identified and characterized. Clay predominating in the massif appears to be the reason for the decreasing intensity of water exchange. Hydrolysis, cation exchange and leaching of carbonate and sulfate minerals add to this trend.The groundwater composition varies widely due to these processes and control specific mineralogical and geochemical features of Mesozoic massif (the saturation of organic substance, the presence of opoques, the primary marine ionic-salt compositions in local areas). Groundwater is more mineralized, with a large amount of organic substance, silicic acid, iron, boron and other micro-components in the area of Mesozoic sediment. The groundwater mineralization increases non-linearly to 6.1 g/l (mainly due to sulfates, chlorides and sodium), and the hardness increases to 50.6 mmol/l in the geological section of this area (up to a depth of occurrence 300 m) in areas with downward filtration. The water hardness decreasess to 1.5–3.9 mmol/l at depths of 100–150 m (up to 200 m) in large areas. Vertical zonality (up to a depth of 150 m) is determined mainly by the leaching processes of carbonate and sulfate rocks outside the Mesozoic development area. Mineralization increases almost according to the linear law to 3.5 g/l (mainly due to sulfates, calcium and magnesium), and hardness – up to 37.7 mmol/ l here.The balneological properties of water are determined by the increased contents of organic substances, silicic acid, iron, hydrogen sulfide, as well as waters of the group “without specific components and properties”.
ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR MAPPING THE VEGETATION COVER AT THE KAZAN-VESHENSKY SAND MASSIF
Authors: Archakov D. I. , Turchin T. Ya.
Published: April 2024

The article discusses two different ways to classify space images of Landsat-8 satellite by the example of the sand massif in the Kazan-Veshensky key area, the Rostov-on-Don region. The first method is a semi-automatic raster classification with training (SC) of selected reference areas, the second is a normalized vegetation index (NDVI). Taking into consideration K.N. Kulik typology of sands, the following classes are distinguished in the satellite image, i.e., open, slightly overgrown and overgrown sands. Also, shrub and herbaceous (plants in the vegetative state), pine forest plantations, and native forest with tree splits were marked as individual classes. The degree of sand overgrowth with native vegetation was estimated according to the projective cover. The resulting raster images were vectorized for further work. The estimation of cartographic image classification accuracy by the Cohen’s Kappa index was calculated. This work is necessary to identify the most reliable method for deciphering the selected area images. The resulting map can be used for initial assessment of phytoecological conditions of agrolandscapes in the sandy massif area. On the basis of cartographic images, by setting from 70 to 100 points in each class and checking their reliability by using archival satellite image for 07.07.2020, error matrices were complied, which permitted us to calculate the total interpretation accuracy. For semi-automatic classification with training, it constitutes 80.7%, and NDVI – 74.3%. According to the vegetation index with a smaller error, the classes of open sands and weakly overgrown sands were distinguished, in other cases the SC method turned out to be more accurate. Cohen’s Kappa coefficient in the semi-automatic classification with training is 77.4%, NDVI – 70.5%. The difference in classification accuracy is almost 7%. Thus, the optimal method for preliminary analysis of the Kazan-Veshensky sand massif key area using Landsat-8 satellite images is a semi-automatic classification with training.
A POSSIBLE IMPACT OF SCENARIO EARTHQUAKES IN THE CAUCASIAN MINERAL WATERS ZONE
Authors: Frolova N. I. , Gabsatarova I. P. , Larionov V. I. , Suchshev S. P. , Malaeva N. S. , Dontsova G. Yu.
Published: April 2024

This paper analyzes a possible impact of scenario earthquakes in the zones of high seismic hazard in order to justify measures for ensuring population safety by the example of the southern Stavropol krai area. Over the past twenty years, the Central CisCaucasus region shows elevated seismicity based on the data recorded by the Geophysical Survey RAS network, reporting the occurrence of seismic events within a wide range of magnitudes, М≥1. One of the last felt events with mb = 4.4 occurred in the studied area on April 1, 2023, producing shaking intensity of 3 to 4 grades on the MSK-64 scale in large resort cities of the region. The parameters for the scenario events are based on the results of detailed seismic zoning (DSZ) and review seismic zoning (RSZ-2016) obtained by the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS. The Extremum system was used to assess felt effects in resort centers located in the southern Stavropol krai. We analyzed the influence of seismic intensity propagation and the parameters of macroseismic field equation on the assessed impact of the scenario earthquakes. Special attention was paid to the depths of strong and moderate events in the considered area of the Northern Caucasus and to the orientation of macroseismic isoseismals. Pre-calibration of the Extremum system loss models is recommended. Estimates of possible simulated damage due to scenario earthquakes with M=6.0 and M = 5.0 for individual large resort cities of the Kavminvody zone are given. The results can be used in the development of both preventive measures and response plans in case of possible events in the region.
DEVELOPMENT OF EXOGENOUS GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND PHENOMENA ON THE UDOKAN – NAMINGA HIGHWAY (THE NORTHERN TRANSBAIKALIA)
Authors: Kulakov A. P. , Sergeev D. O.
Published: April 2024

The paper considers exogenous geological processes and phenomena on the Udokan–Naminga highway in 2017, which are compared with the previous results obtained by the expedition of the Lomonosov Moscow State University in 1986. The engineering geological conditions and manifestation specifics of these processes and phenomena are analyzed. The geocryological conditions and the relevant combinations of engineering geological processes and phenomena were typified according to various geological features. As proceeds from the comparison of the results for different years, the type and number of exogenous geological processes and phenomena have not changed much. The concentrated transport of fine earth and temporary water runnel flows on roads appear to be the most active and frequently occurring processes. The most deformed sections of the road were those that run along the cut slopes with stone streams (kurums). The results of the study show that special attention should be paid to stone streams because of their wide distribution along the road and their cooling effect on the average annual temperatures of the surrounding soils and rocks.
MODELING OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHROME AND MANGANESE IN SOIL: SELECTION OF A TRAINING SUBSET
Authors: Butorova A. S. , Shichkin A. V. , Sergeev A. P. , Baglaeva E. M. , Buevich A. G.
Published: April 2024

The selection of a method for dividing the raw data into training and test subsets in models based on artificial neural networks (ANN) is an insufficiently studied problem of continuous space-time field interpolation. In particular, selecting the best training subset for modeling the spatial distribution of elements in the topsoil is not a trivial task, since the sampling points are not equivalent. They contain a different amount of “information” in point of each specific model, therefore, when modeling, it is advisable to use most of the points containing information which is “useful” for this model. Incorrect data division may lead to inaccurate and highly variable model characteristics, high variance and bias in the generated results. The raw data included contents of chromium (Cr) and manganese (Mn) in the topsoil in residential areas of Noyabrsk (a city in Russian subarctic zone). A three-stage algorithm for extracting raw data with a division into training and test subsets has been developed for modeling the spatial distribution of heavy metals. According to the algorithm, the initial data set was randomly divided into training and test subsets. For each training subset, an ANN based on multilayer perceptron (MLP) was built and trained. MLP was used to model the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the upper soil layer, which took into account spatial heterogeneity and learning rules. The MLP structure was chosen by minimizing the root mean square error (RMSE). The networks with the lowest RMSE were selected, and the number of hits into the training subset of each point in space was calculated. By the number of hits in the training subset, all points were divided into three classes: “useful”, “ordinary” and “useless”. Taking this information into account, at the stage of the raw data division it possible to increase the accuracy of the predictive model.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES AS A RESULT OF MICROORGANISMS ACTIVITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF St. PETERSBURG SUBSURFACE)
Authors: Dashko R. E. , Karpenko A. G. , Kolosova D. L.
Published: April 2024

The history of microbiological research in various geological sciences is analyzed in brief. Development of the doctrine about underground microorganisms and its use in various engineering geological schools is shown on the basis of experimental studies, including modern metagenomic analysis. The primary sources of the microorganisms’ penetration into the underground space of St. Petersburg have been identified and systematized according to different principles. The analysis of engineering geological processes as a result of microorganisms and products of their vital activity provides the main aspects that control safety of subsurface exploration and use for various purposes, including the design, construction and operation of underground structures (subway tunnels) at different depths, as well as running deep foundation pits for ground structures. The results of experimental studies of the subsurface microorganisms’ activity make it possible to infer that it is necessary to extend engineering geological, hydrogeological and engineering ecological research of the urban underground space in order to assess the hazard of the underground microorganisms’ activity and to mitigate emergency cases for engineering structures.
THE ROLE OF SUFFOSION IN THE FORMATION OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN THE TERRITORY OF BELARUS
Authors: Krasovskaya I. A. , Galkin A. N. , Pavlovsky A. I. , Andrushko S. V.
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the conditions for the development and spread of natural and technogenic suffusion by the Belarus territory. It is noted that in insignificantly disturbed natural geoenvironment, the most favorable conditions for the development of suffusion have developed within the moraine and water-glacial plains and lowlands of the eastern part of the country, as well as marginal ice ridges and uplands with a cover of loess and loess-like formations with increased silt content, relatively low density of the soil skeleton, easy soakability and thixotropy, which contribute to the intensive development of the suffusion process. Active natural factors, conditions for the development and spread of suffusion, as well as forms of its manifestation in loess and loess-like soil massifs are considered. Suffusion manifestation in technogenically disturbed geoenvironment is analyzed, and its negative impact on functioning of natural-anthropogenic systems of various organization levels is shown by specific examples. In the authors’ opinion, the creation of a monitoring system for the development of suffusion, as well as other exogenous geological and engineering geological processes, will provide up-to-date information on the distribution and manifestation activity of these processes and the factors that determine them.
EVALUATION OF SOIL RESPONSE IN THE BASE OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURES TO THE IMPACT OF BULK ICE FIELDS
Authors: Kutergin V. N. , Manukin A. B. , Karpenko F. S. , Pankov K. V.
Published: April 2024

The comprehensive assessment of possible degradation of soils under the influence of long-term cyclic load caused by the movement of ice fields included several stages. First, the procedure of calculating the expected parameters of the amplitude-frequency spectrum of impacts and the corresponding shear forces was performed. In the course of experiments using the calculated parameters and loads, the so-called Wohler curves characterizing the change in the strength of dispersed soils under cyclic influences were obtained. The following factors control the decrease in strength: the cyclic nature of loading, its amplitude and duration; whereas, its mechanism consists in the possible redistribution of stress between the mineral skeleton and the pore water. The final analysis of soil behavior was completed taking into account the cyclic ice load in winter period of the accepted duration. The results of soil-stability assessment in the ground base at the site in the northern part of the Caspian Sea shelf are presented.
METHOD OF PREDICTING SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN WATER INFLOW TO UNDERGROUND MINE WORKINGS USING THE WATER CATCHMENT MODEL WITH CONCENTRATED PARAMETERS
Authors: Lesnichii L. I. , Gritsenko K. I.
Published: April 2024

The authors suggest using the water catchment model with concentrated parameters for prediction of seasonal variation in water inflow to mines. The efficiency of the slope runoff model application was previously shown on the base of three test subjects operating apatite-nepheline ore deposits in the Khibiny massif. The article provides a simple methodology for water inflow prediction which doesn’t require any specific software. The example is provided of using this methodology for monthly water inflow prediction based on an underground mine in Kuzbass.
PROBABILISTIC APPROACH IN MODELING SLOPE STABILITY – IMPLEMENTATION AND FEATURES
Authors: Zerkal O. V. , Fomenko I. K. , Samarin E. N.
Published: April 2024

The limitations of the existing deterministic approaches to the quantitative assessment of slope stability are analyzed. The basic principles of probabilistic analysis in mathematical simulation of slope stability are considered. The possibility of obtaining probabilistic assessment of the development of landslide deformations is shown, which can later be used in the analysis of geological risk. An assessment of the objectivity of probabilistic modeling of slope stability is carried out.
Dielectric Mismatch Effects on Polyelectrolyte Solutions in Electrified Nanopores: Insights from Mean-Field Theory
Authors: Budkov Yu. A. , Kalikin N. N.
Published: April 2024

We utilize the self-consistent field theory to explore the mechanical and electrical properties of charged surfaces immersed in polyelectrolyte solutions that could be potentially useful for electrochemical applications. Our research focuses on how the dielectric heterogeneity of the solution could affect the disjoining pressure and differential capacitance of the electric double layer. Relying on the developed theoretical framework, based on the Noether’s theorem, we calculate the stress tensor, containing the term, arising from the conformational entropy of the polymer chains. With its help we compute the disjoining pressure in polyelectrolyte solution confined between two parallel charged surfaces and analyze its behavior as a function of separation between the surfaces for different values of dielectric mismatch parameter. We also calculate the differential capacitance of the electric double layer and discuss how dielectric heterogeneity of the polyelectrolyte solution influences its values.
Stimuli-Responsive Systems Based on Polymer-like Wormlike Micelles of Ionic Surfactants and Their Modern Applications
Authors: Molchanov V. S. , Philippova O. E.
Published: April 2024

Solutions based on polymer-like micelles of ionic surfactants attract the attention of scientists as stimuli-responsive systems that can transform from a low-viscosity Newtonian fluid to a viscoelastic solution having a viscosity of up to 10 kPa s and an elastic response. The shape of micelles and their length are determined by the balance of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions; therefore, the use of various low molecular weight substances or functional nanoparticles as additives can significantly change the rheological properties of such solutions and impart new stimuli-responsive properties to them. This review presents the most commonly used methods for controlling the properties of multicomponent solutions of wormlike surfactant micelles, including nanocomposite systems. Modern areas of practical application of such systems and prospects for their development are described.
THE NCoR CO-REPRESSOR INTERACTS WITH THE KAISO TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR THROUGH A MECHANISM DIFFERENT FROM THAT OF BCL6 INTERACTION
Authors: Balagurov K. I. , Georgiev P. G. , Bonchuk A. N.
Published: April 2024

The vertebrate transcription factor Kaiso binds specifically to methylated DNA sequences using C2H2-type zinc fingers. In addition to C2H2-domains, the BTB/POZ domain, which forms homodimers, is located at the N-terminus of Kaiso. Kaiso, like several other well-studied BTB/POZ proteins, including BCL6, interacts with the NCoR (nuclear co-repressor) protein, which determines the landing of transcriptional repressive complexes on chromatin. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we have shown that the N-terminal domain of NCoR interacts with the C-terminal zinc fingers of Kaiso, and not with its BTB/POZ domain, as previously assumed. The results obtained demonstrate that NCoR interacts with various transcription factor domains, which can increase the efficiency of attracting NCoR-dependent repressor complexes to regulatory regions of the genome.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF MODELING SEPTOPLASTY AND DEPRIVATION OF THE OLFACTORY ANALYZER IN RATS ON CHANGES IN HEART RATE VARIABILITY
Authors: Emets Ya. I. , Amirkhanyan S. S. , Kuznetsov N. D. , Glukhova A. I. , Vasyakova S. M. , Gusev K. S. , Ganshin I. B. , Drozdova G. A. , Mnatsakanyan A. G. , Korolev A. G. , Tsymbal A. A. , Inozemtsev A. N. , Bankurova T. I. , Shilin S. S.
Published: April 2024

The effect of modeling septoplasty and modeling sensory deprivation of the olfactory analyzer in rats on changes in the frequency domain of heart rate variability was compared. Bulbectomy provokes more pronounced changes in heart rate variability in rats, compared with septoplasty simulation.
INTRACELLULAR DELIVERY OF ANTIBODY-LIKE MOLECULE, CAPABLE TO INHIBIT C-MYC
Authors: Lupanova T. N. , Ulasov A. V. , Khramtsov Y. V. , Rozenkranz A. A. , Georgiev G. P. , Sobolev A. S.
Published: April 2024

A modular nanotransporter (MNT) carrying the sequence of an antibody-like molecule, an anti-c-Myc nanobody, was synthesized and characterized. It was demonstrated that the created MNT is able to interact with the target protein, c-Myc oncogene, with a dissociation constant of 46 ± 14 nM, internalize into target cells, change Myc-dependent expression, and exert an antiproliferative effect.
SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY AND COCULTURING WITH HEMATOPOIETIIC CELLS OPPOSITELY MODULATE WNT SIGNALING IN MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS
Authors: Ratushnyy A. Y. , Tyrina E. A. , Buravkova L. B.
Published: April 2024

The osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can determine the bone homeostasis and the physical characteristics of bones. Microgravity reduces the ability of these cells to differentiate in osteogenic direction. It has been shown that the addition of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to MSC culture in vitro can have the opposite effect. The aim of this study was to identify transcriptional changes in 84 genes associated with Wnt signaling in MSCs during microgravity simulation and interaction with HSPCs. The results indicate an increase in the non-canonical Wnt signaling activity during MSCs and HSPCs cocultivation, while simulated microgravity enhances the canonical component of this signaling pathway. These changes may underlie the modulation of osteogenic potential of MSCs in hematopoietic niche under microgravity.
ACCUMULATION OF β-AMYLOID LEADS TO A DECREASE IN LYNX1 AND LYPD6B EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND INCREASED EXPRESSION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND BLOOD SERUM
Authors: Bychkov M. L. , Kirichenko A. V. , Paramonov A. S. , Kirpichnikov M. P. , Lukmanova E. N.
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer’s disease is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease, the development of which is associated with the accumulation of β-amyloid oligomers, dysfunction of the α7-nAChR nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and activation of inflammation. Previously, we have shown that the neuromodulator Lynx1, which belongs to the Ly6/uPAR family, competes with β-amyloid(1–42) for binding to α7-nAChR. In the present work, we studied the expression and localization of Ly6/uPAR family proteins in the hippocampus of 2xTg-AD transgenic mice that model AD and demonstrate increased amyloidosis in the brain. Using real-time PCR, we showed a decrease in the expression of the genes encoding Lynx1, Lypd6b, and the postsynaptic marker PSD95, as well as an increase in the expression of the TNFα gene in the hippocampus of 2xTg-AD mice. Histochemical analysis revealed that, in the hippocampus of 2xTg-AD mice Lynx1 does not co-localize with α7-nAChR that can lead to the development of pathology when the receptor interacts with oligomeric β-amyloid. Also, in 2xTg-AD mice, activation of systemic inflammation was shown, which manifests itself in a decrease in the serum level of SLURP-1, a Ly6/uPAR family protein capable of regulating inflammatory processes, as well as an increase in the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and TNFβ. Thus, α7-nAChR dysfunction and maintenance of the inflammatory microenvironment in the brain in Alzheimer’s disease may be associated with a decrease in the expression of Ly6/uPAR family proteins that regulate α7-nAChR activity and inflammation.
INFLUENCE OF THE CULTIVATION CONDITIONS OF THE GLIOBLASTOMA NEUROSPHERE ON THE EXPRESSION OF MALAT1 AND LINCROR LONG NON-CODING RNA GENES
Authors: Mazur D. V. , Mishanova A. V. , Kovalenko T. F. , Shakhparonov M. I. , Antipova N. V.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor. One of the reasons for the resistance of MGB to treatment is the extreme heterogeneity of the tumor and, in particular, the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the population of glioblastoma cells. In this work, we investigated the effect of conditions that reduce the proportion of CSCs in the GBM cell population on the levels of long noncoding RNAs (lincROR and MALAT1) involved in the formation of the phenotype of glioblastoma cancer stem cells. We have shown that culturing under conditions that cause a decrease in cell stemness (when fetal calf serum is added to the culture medium) affected the content of these transcripts: in the cells of most of the analyzed lines, a decrease in the level of the positive stemness regulator lincROR and an increase in the content of MALAT1 were noted.
INTERACTOME OF PARAOXONASE PON2 REVEALS NEW PATHWAYS FOR TUMOR GROWTH REGULATION
Authors: Karlov V. D. , Pestov N. B. , Shakhparonov M. I. , Korneenko T. V.
Published: April 2024

The interactome of paraoxonase-2 encoded by the PON2 gene was investigated. A cDNA library was screened using a yeast two-hybrid system to search for new proteins interacting with human PON2. Analysis of the identified candidates, along with previously published data on interactors obtained by other methods, indicates the presence of a significant number of indirect interactions between PON2 and EGFR and, consequently, possible regulation of tumor growth with mutant EGFR involving PON2.
INFLUENCE OF TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE 1 INHIBITOR ON THE PROAPOPTOTIC AND GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF ANTICANCER AGENT TOPOTECAN
Authors: Chepanova A. A. , Zakharenko A. L. , Dyrkheeva N. S. , Chernyshova I. A. , Zakharova O. D. , Ilina E. S. , Luzina O. A. , Salakhutdinov N. F. , Lavrik O. I.
Published: April 2024

To date, various strategies have been proposed to increase the effIciency of cancer therapy. It is known that the action of DNA repair system can determine the resistance of cancer cells to DNA-damaging chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and one of these ways to increase therapeutic efficiency is the search for inhibitors of enzymes of the DNA repair system. Inhibition of the DNA repair enzyme tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase1 (Tdp1) leads to an increase in the effectiveness of the topoisomerase 1 (Top1) inhibitor, the anticancer drug topotecan. Covalent complexes Top1-DNA, which are normally short-lived and are not a threat to the cell, are stabilized under the influence of topotecan and lead to cell death. Tdp1 eliminates such stabilized complexes and thus weaken the effect of topotecan therapy. We have previously shown that the use of the usnic acid hydrazonothiazole derivative OL9-119 in combination with topotecan increased the antitumor and antimetastatic efficacy of the latter in a mouse model of Lewis lung carcinoma. In this work, it was shown that the combined use of topotecan and Tdp1 inhibitor, the hydrazonothiazole derivative of usnic acid OL9-119, leads to an increase in the DNA-damaging effect of topotecan which is used in the clinic for the treatment of cancer. The study of the proapoptotic effect of the compound OL9-119 showed that the compound itself does not induce apoptosis, but increases the proapoptotic effect of topotecan. The results of the study could be used to improve the effectiveness of anticancer therapy and/or to reduce the therapeutic dose of topotecan and, therefore, the severity of side effects.
WATERFOWL WINTERING IN CITIES OF TEMPERATE CLIMATE ZONE AND FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THEM
Authors: Avilova K. V. , Polezhankina P. L.
Published: April 2024

For the first time, the regularities of the number and species diversity dynamics of wintering waterfowl in 30 cities of Russia over eight years have been analyzed. The total number increased by 35%. The species diversity in total reaches 32 species. Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) dominate in all 30 cities. According of total characteristics, all cities were divided into seven clusters, significantly differing from each other. The geographical location and climatic characteristics of cities are the main conditions for the existence of both people and birds. The number variability of wintering birds by 93% is determined by the area of the city and the number of its population, and the number of species by 62% is determined by the longitude, the average January temperature of the city and the number of its population (p 0.001). The number of birds and species correlate with the “age” of wintering place (p 0.05). If the rate of the urbanization continues, the number and species diversity will continue to grow.
STIMULATION OF OVULATION IN IMMATURE FEMALE RATS USING ORTHOSTERIC AND ALLOSTERIC LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR AGONISTS
Authors: Fokina E. A. , Derkach K. V. , Bakhtuykov A. A. , Sorokoumov V. N. , Lebedev I. A. , Morina I. Yu. , Shpakov A. O.
Published: April 2024

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are widely used for the treatment of reproductive disorders and for controlled ovulation induction, but their use is limited by side effects. Allosteric agonists of the LH/hCG receptor, including thieno[2,3-d]thienopyrimidine TP03 developed by us, can become an alternative. TP03 (50 mg/rat, i.p.) when administered to immature female rats treated 48 hours before with Follimag has been shown to increase progesterone levels (maximum 8 hours post-treatment) and induce ovulation, as indicated by the appearance at 24 hours corpus luteum (8.6 ± 0.5 per ovary). In terms of its activity, TP03 is comparable to hCG, although it acts more moderately. In the ovaries, unlike hCG, TP03 does not lead to an increase in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, which can cause ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Thus, TP03 is a promising drug as an ovulation inducer and ovarian steroidogenesis stimulator.
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF THE COMBINED ACTION OF TARGETED AND PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY ON HER2-POSITIVE BREAST CANCER
Authors: Balalaeva I. V. , Krylova L. V. , Karpova M. A. , Shulga A. A. , Konovalova E. V. , Guryev E. L. , Deyev S. M.
Published: April 2024

Development of combined schemes for the treatment of oncological diseases is a promising strategy to improve the effectiveness of antitumor therapy. This paper shows the fundamental possibility of multiplying the antitumor effect by combining targeted and photodynamic therapy. It has been demonstrated that sequential treatment of HER-2 positive breast cancer cells with the targeted toxin DARPin-LoPE and the photoactive compound Photodithazine leads to a synergistic enhancement of their effect. In the future, this approach is intended to achieve the maximum therapeutic effect while minimizing the risks of negative side effects.
SYNTHESIS OF 1-[ω-(BROMOPHENOXY)ALKYL]-3-NAPHTHALENYLMETHYL DERIVATIVES OF URACIL AND THEIR ANALOGUES AS PROBABLE INHIBITORS OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS REPLICATION
Authors: Paramonova M. P. , Gureeva E. S. , Ozerov A. A. , Snoeck R. , Andrei G. , Aleksandrov D. A. , Khandazhinskaya A. L. , Novikov M. S. , Kochetkov S. N.
Published: April 2024

A synthesis of a new series of 1-[ω-(bromophenoxy)alkyl]-uracil derivatives containing in position 3 naphthalen-1-yl-, naphthalen-2-yl-, 1-bromonaphthalen-2-ylmethyl, benzyl, and anthracene 9-methyl fragment was carried out. The antiviral properties of the synthesized compounds were studied against human cytomegalovirus. It was found that the compound, which has in its composition a bridge consisting of five methylene groups, has a high anti-cytomegalovirus activity in vitro.
EFFECT OF METHYL JASMONATE ON THE GENE EXPRESSION, ENCODING NON-PROTEIN THIOL ENZYMES IN WHEAT UNDER CADMIUM
Authors: Repkina N. S. , Titov A. F. , Nilova I. A. , Kaznina N. M.
Published: April 2024

The effect of the phytohormone – methyl jasmonate (MJ) on the expression of the TaGS1 and TaPCS1 genes encoding glutathione synthetase and phytochelatin synthase, respectively, which are key enzymes in the synthesis of glutathione and phytochelatins in wheat (var. Moskovskaya 39), was studied. For the first time, it has been shown, that pretreatment of plants by exogenous MJ (1 μM) leads to an increase in the accumulation of transcripts of the TaGS1 and TaPCS1 genes in leaves without cadmium effect. When cadmium (CdSO4, 100 μM) was added into the nutrient solution, the transcript level of TaGS1 gene increased in plants pretreated by MJ (compared to untreated plants), while the transcript level of TaPCS1 remained unaffected. The pretreatment of plants by MJ leads to a lower accumulation of cadmium in the roots and leaves of wheat. At the same time, MJ had no effect on the linear growth parameters of plants, but had a positive effect on the accumulation of biomass under cadmium. It has been suggested that MJ is involved in plant tolerance to cadmium by increasing the expression of the TaGS1 and TaPCS1 genes and, as a result, enhancing the synthesis of chelating compounds, as well as by reducing the supply of metal ions to plants.
NEW DATA ON HESPERORNITHIDS (AVES: ORNITHURAE) FROM THE CAMPANIAN OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION (LATE CRATACEOUS, RUSSIA)
Authors: Zelenkov N. V. , Arkhangelsky M. S.
Published: April 2024

Taxonomic diversity of the Late Cretaceous Hesperornithidae (Aves: Hesperornithidae) of the European part of Russia and Eastern Europe as a whole remain poorly understood, and the morphology of these large flightless birds is poorly known. New finds of Hesperornithidae in the Karyakino locality (Saratov oblast, Russia) confirm the coexistence of two forms of these flightless seabirds in the Campanian (mid-Late Cretaceous) of the Lower Volga region. For Hesperornis rossicus Nessov et Yarkov, 1993, a femur is described for the first time; it indicates a morphological distinctiveness of this large species as compared to the North American H. regalis Marsh, 1872.
PHYLOGENY OF THE DIPUS SAGITTA SPECIES COMPLEX BASED ON THE SEQUENCING OF NUCLEAR GENES
Authors: Lisenkova A. A. , Lebedev V. S. , Undrakhbayar E. , Bogatyreva V. Yu. , Melnikova M. N. , Nazarov R. A. , Rogovin K. A. , Surov A. V. , Shenbrot G. I. , Bannikova A. A.
Published: April 2024

The northern three-toed jerboa Dipus sagitta was long considered to be a single polytypic species. Earlier, a high genetic diversity of D. sagitta was revealed on the basis of several mitochondrial and nuclear genes, and the existence of several separate species within it was hypothesized. However, a small number of available nuclear genes prevented the establishment of relationships between identified phylogenetic lineages. Here, we significantly expand the set of utilized nuclear DNA loci, which resulted in a sufficiently higher resolution of the phylogenetic tree for 10 forms of D. sagitta. The identified species structure mainly confirms the topology and relationship of the mtDNA lineages. At the same time, the mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies are not completely consistent. Hence, a part of the genetic lineages of D. sagitta is apparently a product of reticular evolutionary processes. This taxon is thus the diverse species complex D. sagitta sensu lato, in which long-diverged lineages are not always reproductively isolated.
THE ROLE OF NEUROHUMORAL IMBALANCE AT POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN THE ANTITUMOR IMMUNE RESPONSE. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Kondashevskaya M. V. , Artemieva K. A. , Aleksankina V. V. , Kudelkina V. V. , Kosyreva A. M. , Areshidze D. A. , Kozlova M. A. , Mikhaleva L. M.
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study was to investigate the growth and development of B16 melanoma in mature male C57Black/6 mice with a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) model. Behavioral, immunohistochemical, morphometric methods, enzyme immunoassay were used. A forced decrease in the level of corticosterone, which is characteristic for PTSD, was established, followed by an intensification of the production of increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory interleukins by the cells of the immune system and, at the same time, a decrease in the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Priority data were obtained: the neurohumoral imbalance that develops in PTSD is a limiting factor to the growth of B16 melanoma, at least at the initial stages of the oncological process.
COMBINED GAMMA-RAYS AND CARBON-12 NUCLEI IRRADIATION MODULATES BRAIN CHEMOKINE AND CYTOKINE PRODUCTION AND IMPROVES SPATIAL LEARNING IN TAU P301S, BUT NOT 5xFAD MOUSE LINE
Authors: Kokhan V. S. , Nesterov M. S. , Levashova A. I.
Published: April 2024

Earlier we showed the pro-cognitive effect of low doses of combined irradiation (including heavy charged particles) on Wistar rats. In the present work we studied the effect of irradiation (gamma-rays, 0.24 Gy; carbon-12, 0.18 Gy, 400 MeV/nucleon) on the course of neurodegenerative process using Tau P301S and 5xFAD transgenic mice lines, experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease. Irradiation led to an increase in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, KC) in Tau P301S mice, but not in 5xFAD. At the same time, only the Tau P301S line was found to exhibit radiation-induced improvement in spatial learning.
INTRACELLULAR GEMCITABINE MONOPHOSPHATE LEVELS PREDICT CHEMOTHERAPY EFFICACY IN GEMCITABINE-TREATED PATIENTS WITH BLADDER CANCER
Authors: Yanova M. R. , Zhiyanov A. P. , Antipenko I. D. , Slobodov S. A. , Stepanova E. V.
Published: April 2024

Gemcitabine monophosphate (dFdCMP), one of the intracellular forms of phosphorylated gemcitabine, determines its antitumor activity. A pharmaco-molecular model for determining gemcitabine relative monophosphate levels has been developed based on the assessment of the activity of ENT1, ENT2 channels and dCK, CDA enzymes in tumor tissue. Gemcitabine relative monophosphate levels is a more relevant predictive factor of gemcitabine resistance of bladder cancer when compared with the expression of individual markers related to dFdCMP formation.
GROWTH INDUCTION OF SOLID EHRLICH ASCITIC CARCINOMA IN MICE AFTER PROTON IRRADIATION OF TUMOR CELLS EX VIVO
Authors: Balakin V. E. , Rozanova O. M. , Smirnova E. N. , Belyakova T. A. , Strelnikova N. S. , Smirnov A. V. , Shemyakov A. E.
Published: April 2024

This study presents data on the growth rate and frequency of induction of the solid form of Ehrlich’s ascitic carcinoma (EAC) in mice in the short and long term after inoculation of ascitic cells irradiated ex vivo with a proton beam in the dose range of 30–150 Gy. It was shown that the growth rate of solid tumors after inoculation of irradiated cells ex vivo coincided with the growth of tumors in the control group. The frequency of tumor induction in mice after inoculation EAC cells irradiated at a dose of 30 Gy was 80%, 60 Gy – 60%, 90 Gy – 25%, 120 Gy – 10%, and with irradiation at a dose of 150 Gy, no tumors appeared during the entire observation period. Thus, we were able to determine the dose of proton radiation required to eliminate tumor cells and/or signaling factors that can lead to the induction of tumor growth of EAC in mice.
ENDOGENOUS BRASSINOSTEROIDS ARE INVOLVED IN THE FORMATION OF SALT RESISTANCE OF PLANTS
Authors: Kolomeichuk L. V. , Danilova E. D. , Murgan O. K. , Sauchuk A. L. , Litvinovskaya R. P. , Khripach V. А. , Kuznetsov V. V. , Efimova M. V.
Published: April 2024

For the first time it was shown that potato plants responded to salt stress by changing the profile of endogenous brassinosteroids (BS). At the same time, a group of 6-keto-BS was identified, the content of which, unlike other analyzed groups of hormones, increased significantly during salinization. It was found that a 10-fold decrease in the level of endogenous BS in mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants with impaired biosynthesis (det2) (or reception (bri1)) of phytosteroids leads to a decrease in their salt resistance, as evidenced by a decrease in the efficiency of photochemical processes of photosystem II (PSII) and inhibition of growth. The presented data confirm the idea of the involvement of endogenous BS in the formation of salt resistance of plants.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE AMUR TIGER (PANTHERA TIGRIS ALTAICA): ARE THERE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE 20 AND THE BEGINNING OF THE 21 CENTURIES?
Authors: Sorokin P. A. , Udin V. G. , Naidenko S. V. , Hernandez-Blanco J. A. , Chistopolova M. D. , Rozhnov V. V.
Published: April 2024

The polymorphism of 9 microsatellite loci of the Sikhote-Alin tiger population in the modern and recent historical period was analyzed using blood, excrement, and museum bone samples. Tests for a population going through a period of low abundance in the analysis of excess heterozygotes and a low value of the Garza-Williamson coefficient indicate a high probability of such events in the recent and historical past. The mean effective population size Ne for the current sample was 34.4 (95% range 17–106.8). This fact is of great interest for the conservation and restoration of endangered large cat species.
COMPARISON OF ACUTE PAIN SYNDROME AFTER SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN THE NASAL CAVITY AND RHINOPLASTY
Authors: Markushin A. A. , Nashvan A. K. , Shilin S. S. , Kuznetsov N. D. , Glukhova A. I. , Vasyakova S. M. , Grigoryak N. M. , Ganshin I. B. , Antonyan A. A. , Drozdova G. A.
Published: April 2024

Comparison of acute pain syndrome after septoplasty, rhinoplasty and rhinoseptoplasty was carried out. It is shown that the intensity of acute pain is higher in patients after rhinoseptoplasty in the first 3–6 hours after surgery.
OSCILLATORY PATTERN OF DISTRIBUTION CS-137 IN THE BARK OF SCOTCH PINE
Authors: Karpov A. D. , Gorbunov I. Yu. , Kalnin V. V. , Razdayvodin A. N. , Radin A. I.
Published: April 2024

The paper studies the vertical distribution of Cs-137 trees in the bark of two model trees of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), selected in the zone of radioactive contamination of the Bryansk region. Each tree was divided into 10 centimeter bars from a length of up to 17 meters, after which the bark along with the bast was separated from each bar into a separate sample. In addition to Cs-137, the content of natural radionuclide K-40 was measured in the bark of model tree No.2 from a comline to 6.5 meters. Measurement of specific activity of technogenic radionuclide Cs-137 and natural radionuclide K-40 by gamma-spectrometric method. For the first time, it was found that in the bark of the studied trees, the vertical distribution of Cs-137 has a wave-like character and can be represented as harmonic oscillations with a period of 1 m. The distribution of potassium also has an oscillatory character similar to caesium, which is consistent with a similar mechanism of behavior of potassium and caesium in woody plants. The correlation coefficient between the values of specific activity of Cs-137 in model trees No.1 and No.2 was 0.80, and between Cs-137 and K-40 in model tree No. 2 was 0.45. Thus, Cs-137 can be used as a radiotracer to assess the intake and distribution of chemical elements in the tissues of scots pine. The found oscillatory nature of the vertical distribution of caesium and potassium in the pine bark has no analogues in the world literature.
MUSTELA STRANDI (MUSTELIDAE, CARNIVORA) FROM THE EARLY PLEISTOCENE OF CRIMEA
Authors: Gimranov D. O. , Jiangzuo Q. , Lavrov A. V. , Lopatin A. V.
Published: April 2024

The dentary of Mustela strandi Kormos, 1934 is described from the Lower Pleistocene deposits (Late Villafranchian, 1.8–1.5 Ma) of the Taurida cave in Crimea. It is the first finding of M. strandi in Russia. This extinct mustelid species is rarely found in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene of Central Europe.