bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Development of Real-Time Data Acquisition of Photovoltaic Panel Parameters via IoT
Authors: Khaleel Kutaiba , H. Atyia Thamir , Ibraheem Al-Naib Ahmed M. T.
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In recent years,there has been an urgent need in world for  electricity. It has being increased constantly with the expansion of energy consumption via traditional energy sources which are depleting. The world  has needed to turn to alternative energy, which is represented by renewable energy. The most important and most efficient of these is solar energy, and to get the maximum value of this energy with the highest efficiency, there should be direct monitoring of the performance of these solar panels. So, in this study, the Internet of Things (IoT) was used as a remote monitoring system to obtain the main factors like load current, terminal voltage, consumption power, temperature, humidity, and light intensity. The values were real and accurate, depending on the use of Adriano and sensors to measure the above-mentioned determinants and then using Wi-Fi technology to send the data that was processed in the circuit. Then the thing speak platform was used to display, analyze, and store the results in real-time
Astronomi Öğretiminde Materyal ve Model Destekli Etkinliklerin Öğrenci Başarısı ve Tutuma Etkisi
Authors: KALKAN Kübra , YENER Dündar
Published: November 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı; 7. sınıf astronomi ünite kazanımlarının materyal ve model destekli etkinliklerle öğretiminin astronomi başarısına, astronomi tutumuna ve uygulama ile ilgili öğrenci görüşleri etkisini incelemektir. Araştırma yirmi dokuz 7. sınıf öğrencisi ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışma grubu basit seçkisiz olmayan örneklem yöntemlerinden biri olan uygun örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilmiştir. Etkinlikler 7. sınıf fen bilimleri dersi “Güneş Sistemi ve Ötesi” ünitesi kazanımlarına yönelik 2015-2016 eğitim –öğretim yılı ikinci döneminde hazırlanmıştır. Araştırmada nitel ve nicel verilerin birlikte kullanıldığı karma yöntem metodu kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak astronomi ünite kazanımlarının model ve materyal destekli etkinliklerin öğrenci başarısı, astronomiye yönelik tutumda son test lehine anlamlı fark olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu sonuç etkinliklerin astronomi başarı ve astronomi tutumuna yönelik pozitif anlamda gelişmeye yardımcı olduğunu göstermektedir. Etkinlikler sayesinde öğrencilerin astronomi konularını sevme, astronomiye ilgi duyma, astronomi konularını anlama gibi görüşler belirttikleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda model ve materyal destekli etkinliklerin farklı ünitelerde de kullanabileceği önerilmektedir.
Avaliação de Ferramentas de Identificação de Dívida Técnica Auto-Admitida
Authors: Gomes Tchalisson Brenne S. , Loiola Diogo Alves de Moura , Santos Alcemir Rodrigues
Published: November 2022

Gerenciar dívidas técnicas em um projeto é primordial para saúde de projetos de software. A identificação delas, no entanto, não é trivial. Sejam elas, auto-admitidas ou não, existem diversas ferramentas que se propõem a identificá-las na literatura. No entanto, poucos estudos se propuseram a avaliar a intersecção entre suas abordagens. Neste artigo comparamos os resultados obtidos com duas ferramentas de identificação de dívidas técnicas auto-admitidas que utilizam mineração de comentários de código-fonte: eXcomment e DebtHunter. Utilizamos as ferramentas em quatro sistemas de código-aberto e comparamos manualmente a intersecção e a distribuição da classificação dos itens de dívida de cada uma das ferramentas. Verificou-se que dos itens classificados por eXcomment, 7% deles DebtHunter também classifica como dívida e que, dos itens que DebtHunter classifica como dívida, 19, 9% deles eXcomment também classifica. Além disso, apesar de divergirem quanto à quantidade de itens de dívida técnica, as ferramentas parecem convergir quanto aos tipos de dívida presentes nos sistemas avaliados.
Research on Online Shopping Addiction Based on Flow Theory
Authors: Jiang Weiqin
Published: November 2022

From the perspective of consumer experience, this study constructs the influence model of flow experience on online shopping addiction, analyzes and discusses the influencing factors and mechanism of irrational purchasing of domestic consumers in the context of online shopping. Through the empirical test of the model, it is confirmed that in the process of online shopping, creating or improving the sense of immersive presence, enhancing consumers' focus and time distortion can positively affect impulsive buying. The exploratory behavior of consumers promotes their learning and rational thinking, but inhibits their impulse to buy. Impulsive buying fully mediates the relationship between presence, concentration and time distortion, while behavioral repetition moderates the relationship between impulse buying and online shopping addiction. This study confirmed the importance of extreme shopping experience on irrational purchase decision, clarified the mechanism of the influence of each dimension of flow experience on irrational purchase decision, and provided a new idea for the study of consumers' irrational purchase.
EROS is a selective chaperone regulating the phagocyte NADPH oxidase and purinergic signalling
Authors: Randzavola Lyra O , Mortimer Paige M , Garside Emma , Dufficy Elizabeth R , Schejtman Andrea , Roumelioti Georgia , Yu Lu , Pardo Mercedes , Spirohn Kerstin , Tolley Charlotte , Brandt Cordelia , Harcourt Katherine , Nichols Esme , Nahorski Mike , Woods Geoff , Williamson James C , Suresh Shreehari , Sowerby John M , Matsumoto Misaki , Santos Celio XC , Kiar Cher Shen , Mukhopadhyay Subhankar , Rae William M , Dougan Gordon J , Grainger John , Lehner Paul J , Calderwood Michael A , Choudhary Jyoti , Clare Simon , Speak Anneliese , Santilli Giorgia , Bateman Alex , Smith Kenneth GC , Magnani Francesca , Thomas David C
Published: November 2022

EROS (essential for reactive oxygen species) protein is indispensable for expression of gp91phox, the catalytic core of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. EROS deficiency in humans is a novel cause of the severe immunodeficiency, chronic granulomatous disease, but its mechanism of action was unknown until now. We elucidate the role of EROS, showing it acts at the earliest stages of gp91phox maturation. It binds the immature 58 kDa gp91phox directly, preventing gp91phox degradation and allowing glycosylation via the oligosaccharyltransferase machinery and the incorporation of the heme prosthetic groups essential for catalysis. EROS also regulates the purine receptors P2X7 and P2X1 through direct interactions, and P2X7 is almost absent in EROS-deficient mouse and human primary cells. Accordingly, lack of murine EROS results in markedly abnormal P2X7 signalling, inflammasome activation, and T cell responses. The loss of both ROS and P2X7 signalling leads to resistance to influenza infection in mice. Our work identifies EROS as a highly selective chaperone for key proteins in innate and adaptive immunity and a rheostat for immunity to infection. It has profound implications for our understanding of immune physiology, ROS dysregulation, and possibly gene therapy.
Non-Ampullary Duodenal Tumors
Authors: Je Yeonjin , Youn Young Hoon
Published: November 2022

Non-ampullary duodenal tumors refer to duodenal lesions that originate at sites other than the ampulla of Vater. They differ from ampullary duodenal tumors, which are typically associated with obstructive symptoms. Non-ampullary duodenal tumors are rare; therefore, standardized clinical management, including diagnostic and therapeutic modalities and the follow-up strategy remain unclear. An increase in the numbers of patients undergoing endoscopy during medical checkups and technological advances in endoscopic procedures, including high-resolution and image-enhanced endoscopy have led to an increase in detection rates of duodenal tumors recently. Currently, endoscopic resection of duodenal tumors is widely used and is a preferred therapeutic alternative to surgical excision. Some duodenal tumors of high malignant potential are associated with poor prognosis; therefore, accurate diagnosis and timely management are important. In this article, we review the current knowledge regarding non-ampullary duodenal tumors and the therapeutic approaches to these lesions.
Relationship Between Temporal Pattern Perception Test and Mismatch Negativity in Children With Auditory Processing Disorder and Dyslexia
Authors: Mohideen Roshan Shahinas Peer Mohammed , Thangaraj MuthuSelvi
Published: November 2022

Background and Objectives: Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an objective test for assessing auditory function. The central auditory nervous system processes different stimuli in various ways. This can be assessed using MMN elicited with different stimuli in an “oddball” paradigm. This study evaluated temporal ordering skills using MMN with different durations of stimuli. This study aimed to determine the correlation between the results of the behavioral duration pattern test (DPT) with MMN in typically developing children versus children with dyslexia and auditory processing disorder (APD). Subjects and Methods: Two groups of children participated in the study. The experimental group included 16 children with APD and dyslexia who had scored below the age-matched scores in the DPT. The control group consisted of 16 typically developing children with age-matched scores in the DPT. MMN was elicited using the same stimuli (250 ms and 500 ms) as that of the DPT in both groups. MMN latency, MMN amplitude, and area under the curve were measured in both groups. Results: Compared to the control group, children with APD and dyslexia showed increased MMN latency, reduced amplitude, and decreased area under the curve. There was a low correlation (r= -0.293, p<0.05) between MMN latency and DPT scores. The correlation between MMN amplitude and DPT scores was moderate (0.472, p<0.001). Furthermore, a strong correlation (0.536, p<0.001) between area under the curve and DPT scores was demonstrated. Conclusions: MMN amplitude and MMN area under the curve could serve as valid indicators during assessment of temporal ordering in children with APD and dyslexia.
Towards Efficient and Stable Donor‐Acceptor Luminescent Radicals
Authors: Lu Chen , Cho Eunkyung , Cui Zhiyuan , Gao Yuhang , Cao Wenjuan , Brédas Jean‐Luc , Coropceanu Veaceslav , Li Feng
Published: November 2022

In contrast to closed‐shell luminescent molecules, the electronic ground state and lowest excited state in organic luminescent radicals are both spin doublet, which results in spin‐allowed radiative transitions. Most reported luminescent radicals with high photoluminescent quantum efficiency (PLQE) have a donor‐acceptor (D–A•) chemical structure where an electron‐donating group is covalently attached to an electron‐withdrawing radical core (A•). Understanding the main factors that define the efficiency and stability of D‐A• type luminescent radicals remains challenging. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of tri(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)methyl (TTM) radical derivatives with donor substituents varying by their extent of conjugation and their number of imine‐type nitrogen atoms. The experimental results suggest that the luminescence efficiency and stability of the radicals are proportional to the degree of conjugation but inversely proportional to the number of imine nitrogen atoms in the substituents. These experimental trends are very well reproduced by density functional theory calculations. The theoretical results indicate that both the luminescence efficiency and radical stability are related to the energy difference between the charge transfer (CT) and local‐excitation (LE) states, which decreases as either the number of imine nitrogen atoms in the substituent increases or its conjugation length decreases.
Electroshock synthesis of a bifunctional nonprecious multi‐element alloy for alkaline hydrogen oxidation and evolution
Authors: Du Lijie , Xiong Hu , Lu Hongcheng , Yang Li‐Ming , Liao Rong‐Zhen , Xia Bao Yu , You Bo
Published: November 2022

The design and production of active, durable, and nonprecious electrocatalysts toward alkaline hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions (HOR/HER) are extremely appealing for the implementation of hydrogen economy, but remain challenging. Here, we report a facile electric shock synthesis of an efficient, stable, and inexpensive NiCoCuMoW multi‐element alloy on Ni foam (NiCoCuMoW) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for both HOR and HER. For the HOR, the current density of NiCoCuMoW could reach ∼11.2 mA cm–2 when the overpotential is 100 mV, higher than that for commercial Pt/C (∼7.2 mA cm–2) and control alloy samples with less elements, along with superior CO tolerance. Moreover, for the HER, the overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 for NiCoCuMoW is only 21 mV, along with a Tafel slope of low to 63.7 mV dec−1, rivaling the commercial Pt/C as well (35 mV and 109.7 mV dec−1). Density functional theory calculations indicate that alloying Ni, Co, Cu, Mo, and W can tune the electronic structure of individual metals and provide multiple active sites to optimize the hydrogen and hydroxyl intermediates adsorption, collaboratively resulting in enhanced electrocatalytic activity.
Heat shock protein 90 inhibitors induce cell differentiation via the ubiquitin‐dependent aurora kinase A degradation in a MPLW515L mouse model of primary myelofibrosis
Authors: Wang Fuping , Zhang Haotian , He Binghong , Liu Zihan , Wu Xinxin , Liu Yuankai , Xu Xin , Gou Xiaoxue , Wang Haitao , Yang Qiong
Published: November 2022

Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is characterized by immature megakaryocytic hyperplasia, splenomegaly, extramedullary hematopoiesis and bone marrow fibrosis. Our preclinical study had demonstrated that aurora kinase A (AURKA) inhibitor MLN8237 reduced the mutation burden of PMF by inducing differentiation of immature megakaryocytes. However, it only slightly alleviated splenomegaly, reduced tissue fibrosis, and normalized megakaryocytes in PMF patients of the preliminary clinical study. So enhancing therapeutic efficacy of PMF is needed. In this study, we found that AURKA directly interacted with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and HSP90 inhibitors promoted the ubiquitin‐dependent AURKA degradation. We demonstrated that HSP90 inhibitors 17‐allylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17‐AAG) and 17‐dimethylaminoethylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17‐DMAG), normalized peripheral blood counts, improved splenomegaly, attenuated extramedullary hematopoiesis, decreased tissue fibrosis and reduced mutant burden in a MPLW515L mouse model of PMF. Importantly, both 17‐AAG and 17‐DMAG treatment at effective doses in vivo did not influence on hematopoiesis in healthy mice. Collectively, the study demonstrates that HSP90 inhibitors induce cell differentiation via the ubiquitin‐dependent AURKA and also are safe and effective for the treatment of a MPLW515L mouse model of PMF, which may provide a new strategy for PMF therapy. Further, we demonstrate that combined therapy shows superior activity in acute megakaryocytic leukemia mouse model than single therapy.
A blow‐up criterion to a Keller–Segel system coupled with the Euler fluid
Authors: Chen Miaochao , Lu Shengqi , Liu Qilin
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we prove a blow‐up criterion to a Keller–Segel model coupled with the Euler fluid in a bounded domain.
Transferring AI Explainability to User-Centered Explanations of Complex COVID-19 Information
Authors: Novak Jasminko , Maljur Tina , Drenska Kalina
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a user-centered approach to translating techniques and insights from AI explainability research to developing effective explanations of complex issues in other fields, on the example of COVID-19. We show how the problem of AI explainability and the explainability problem in the COVID-19 pandemic are related: as two specific instances of a more general explainability problem, occurring when people face in-transparent, complex systems and processes whose functioning is not readily observable and understandable to them (“black boxes”). Accordingly, we discuss how we applied an interdisciplinary, user-centered approach based on Design Thinking to develop a prototype of a user-centered explanation for a complex issue regarding people’s perception of COVID-19 vaccine development. The developed prototype demonstrates how AI explainability techniques can be adapted and integrated with methods from communication science, visualization and HCI to be applied to this context. We also discuss results from a first evaluation in a user study with 88 participants and outline future work. The results indicate that it is possible to effectively apply methods and insights from explainable AI to explainability problems in other fields and support the suitability of our conceptual framework to inform that. In addition, we show how the lessons learned in the process provide new insights for informing further work on user-centered approaches to explainable AI itself.
Industrial Spatial Synergy Development in Hengqin and Macao
Authors: Zhou Long , Li Bin , Li Sihong , Lei Ngan Leng , Cheong Kengfong
Published: November 2022

This chapter describes the close connection between the industrial changes and urban development in Macao and Hengqin. The current land use and industrial distribution status in both places are analysed. The development direction, central trend and density of residential and various industries are analysed in GIS. The industrial structures of both Macao and Hengqin serve urban functions. The industrial density in Macao is higher than that in Hengqin, and the balance of employment and residence in the spatial dimension between the two places is insufficient. In the future, Hengqin will improve the city’s supporting infrastructure and strengthen the effectiveness of synergistic industrial development.
Transportation Integration Development in Hengqin and Macao
Authors: Zhou Long , Li Bin , Li Sihong , Lei Ngan Leng , Cheong Kengfong
Published: November 2022

This chapter first analyses the accessibility of public transportation in Macao and Hengqin based on the plans in the draft ‘Macao Land Transport Master Plan (2021–2030)’. Secondly, the accessibility of schools, bus stops, and other public services in Macao and Hengqin is quantitatively assessed by applying the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method to analyse the adequacy of public services in terms of population density in the transportation areas. Finally, the equity of accessibility in the two areas is compared using the Gini coefficient.
Accounting Standard-Setting for an Emission Trading Scheme: The Korean Case
Authors: Kim Tae Hee , Lee Sun Hye , Vourvachis Petros
Published: November 2022

This study examines the participation and interaction of relevant individuals in the process of developing an accounting standard for South Korea’s emission trading scheme (ETS). Despite the enormous accounting implications of such schemes, there is a paucity of research on the development and application of ETS accounting. Ulrich Beck’s and Anthony Giddens’s risk society framework is utilised to scrutinise the process of setting accounting standards—from the agenda-setting stage all the way to the final publication of the standard. In this case study, we take an interpretive approach in analysing the rich data collected through face-to-face interviews with prominent standard-setters, accounting experts and representatives of industry and government. Participant observation and relevant documents were also considered. The findings highlight the political nature of accounting standard-setting and identify the risks and responsibilities of the key agents in the process along with the means of sub-political action taken to influence decisions. We reveal that the agents involved in standard-setting attempted to balance their anthropocentric priorities with ecocentric responsibilities and prioritised the production of a standard with minimal impact on economic, reputational, and operational risk. Having authority as a standard-setter, referring frequently to precedents and, perhaps most importantly, engaging actively with the stakeholders throughout the process seem to have contributed to a widely accepted standard, which can serve as a benchmark for future attempts to factor in ETSs.
Flowslide High Fluidity Induced by Shear Thinning
Authors: Hu Wei , Li Yan , Xu Qiang , Huang Runqiu , McSaveney Mauri , Wang Gonghui , Fan Yu , Wasowski Janusz , Zheng Yangshuai
Published: November 2022

Rainfall‐induced flowslides and the subsequent debris flows are the most recurrent and destructive natural hazards due to their high velocity and long‐distance runout. It is widely accepted that shear‐induced excess pore pressure controls the high fluidity in flowslide movement. Nevertheless, flume experiments demonstrate that flowslides can exhibit high fluidity even in the absence of excess pore pressure, demonstrating that even saturated granular matter has an intrinsic shear‐velocity‐dependent fluidization mechanism. Herein, drained ring shear experiments were conducted to obtain a further understanding of the fluidity of the saturated granular material. By means of a transparent shear chamber, the shear‐zone thickness and the velocity gradient within samples could be directly observed and thus its rheology could be well determined. The granular soil showed substantial shear‐thinning even in the absence of excess pore pressure, which could well explain the high fluidity in flowslide dynamics in addition to excess pore pressure, especially during rapid shear. Acoustic emissions (AEs) in the ring shear device provided additional evidence of the rheological mechanism. The macroscopic apparent viscosity of the granular system was weakened by rapid shear accompanied by increasing AE power. We propose that increasing grain pressure associated with increasing shear strain rate weakens intergranular frictional contacts between granular layers, thus weakening the apparent viscosity, and vice versa. By using AE measurements combined with dimensionless number analysis, we suggested that shear‐thinning is one of the most pivotal mechanisms accounting for the ultra‐high fluidity in flowslides.
Rapid diagnosis of malaria by chemometric peak-free LIBS of trace biometals in blood
Authors: Musyoka Wayua Deborah , Kalambuka Angeyo Hudson , Alix Dehayem-Massop , Amiga Kaduki Kenneth
Published: November 2022

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) trace atomic species of diseased biofluids are subtle (peak-free) in complex spectra. Trace analysis requires a considerable push in analytical strategy. Enabling LIBS with chemometrics can help identify, extract, analyze and interpret the trace species’ spectral signatures to give an insight on the biophysiological status of the bodies from which the biofluids originate. We report on the trace quantitative performance of peak-free LIBS enabled by chemometrics modelling using principal components analysis (PCA) for direct artificial neural network (ANN)–based analysis of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mg in Plasmodium falciparum-infected blood in the context of rapid spectral diagnosis of malaria utilizing the biometals as the disease biomarkers. Only one standard is required in this method—to delineate the analyte spectral regions (feature selection) and to test for accuracy. Based on the alteration of the biometal levels and their multivariate and correlational patterns in cultured blood, peripheral finger blood drops dried directly on Nucleopore membrane filters was accurately discriminated as either malaria-infected or healthy. Further the morphological evolution of Plasmodium was accurately predicted using spectral features of the biometals wherein high negative correlations between Fe (− 0.775) and Zn (− 0.881) and high positive correlations between Cu (0.892) and Mg (0.805) with parasitemia were observed. During the first 96 h of malaria infection Cu increases profoundly (from 328 to 1999 ppb) while Fe, Zn and Mg decrease (from 1206 to 674 ppb), (from 1523 to 499 ppb) and (from 23,880 to 19,573 ppb) respectively. Compared with healthy, Plasmodium falciparum-infected blood has high Cu but low levels of Fe, Zn and Mg. Cu and Zn are highly (≥ 0.9) positively correlated while Fe and Cu as well as Zn and Cu are highly (≥ 0.9) negatively correlated. Chemometric peak-free LIBS showed the potential for direct rapid malaria diagnostics in blood based on the levels, alterations and multivariate associations of the trace biometals which are used as biomarkers of the disease.
Hepatitis A and hepatitis B infection risk among employees at schools for disabled pupils
Authors: Lang Felix , Schoene Klaus , Goessler Felix , Rose Dirk-Matthias , Kegel Peter
Published: November 2022

Aim of this project was to assess occupational biological hazards with regard to the risk of hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis B (HBV) and the need for occupational health care in schools for pupils with special needs. Teachers and educational specialists were surveyed about activities potentially providing exposure to biological agents and their individual immune status regarding HAV and HBV by a detailed questionnaire. Descriptive analyses, group comparisons and logistic regression were performed to identify factors influencing the HAV and HBV immune status. 1398 teachers and educational specialists took part. 1381 respondents reported having physical contact with pupils at work (98%). Daily contact was reported by up to 84% of all employees. Being scratched, bitten or spat at was reported by up to 93%. Hazardous activities are performed by both teachers and educational specialists. The vaccination rate was reported to be 58% for HAV and 64% for HBV. In regression analyses, failing to receive vaccine counselling [HAV: aOR 0.36 (95% CI 0.28; 0.46; p < 0.001), HBV: aOR 0.43 (95% CI 0.33; 0.55; p < 0.001)] or non-participation in infection prevention instruction [HBV: aOR 0.54 (95% CI 0.39; 0.75; p < 0.001)] were found to be significant predictors of low vaccination rates. Employees who are at risk due to occupational exposure should be instructed about infection prevention and vaccination against HAV and HBV.
Diabetes- und kardiovaskuläre Gesundheitskompetenz im Kindes- und Jugendalter – ein 12-Jahres-Follow-up
Authors: Röhling Martin , Roslon Michael , Arndt Kirstin , Heß Ira , Kremer Angelina , Leibold Katharina , Seddiki Rosa , Sommer Stefan , Landgraf Rüdiger , Kempf Kerstin , Martin Stephan
Published: November 2022

Einleitung Die Inzidenz des Diabetes mellitus und kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen zeigt eine progrediente Entwicklung in Deutschland. Studienziel war es, die Gesundheitskompetenz zu diesen Erkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter zu erfassen.

Methoden Schüler der 5.–12. Klasse (Gymnasium, Real- und Hauptschule) wurden 2007 (n = 4383) und 2019 (n = 572) zum Thema Diabetes befragt. Zusätzlich wurden Fragen zu weiteren kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren im Jahr 2019 gestellt.

Ergebnisse Diabetes-bezogene Fragen wurden mit 56 % im Jahr 2007 sowie 53 % (2019) richtig beantwortet. Unter anderem gaben 70 % (2007) sowie 75 % (2019) der Schüler*innen „zu viel Zucker gegessen“ als Ursache für Typ-1-Diabetes an. Des Weiteren wurden die Fragen zu den wesentlichen Risikofaktoren für Herzinfarkt und Schlaganfall nur von 33 % (für Diabetes) bzw. 43 %–53 % (für Rauchen) der Schüler*innen richtig beantwortet.

Über alle Fragen hinweg deutet sich ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen der Quote richtiger Antworten mit dem Bildungsgrad der Schuleinrichtung an; die Unterschiede blieben aber mit 5–19 % zwischen Gymnasium und Haupt- oder Realschule an beiden Erhebungszeitpunkten marginal. Ein Unterschied zwischen den Geschlechtern deutete sich zwischen 2007 (Mädchen: 59 % vs. Jungen: 52 %) und 2019 an (Mädchen: 56 % vs. Jungen: 51 %).

Folgerung Veränderungen in der Gesundheitskompetenz zu den Themen Diabetes und weiteren kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren bei Schülern der 5.–12. Klasse im Verlauf von 12 Jahren konnten nicht beobachtet werden. Die angenommene Selbstverschuldung des Typ-1-Diabetes kann von den Betroffenen als Diskriminierung empfunden werden.
A Study to Assess the Osteoporosis Knowledge and Preventive Practice among Menopausal Women: A Community Based Survey
Authors: Thomas Timi , Paul Shynee
Published: November 2022

Background and Objectives Osteoporosis is a multifactorial and slowly emerging global health problem. Along with menopause, one out of three women between the age group of 50 to 60 years in India suffers from osteoporosis. Indian women have an early age onset of osteoporosis as compared to their Western counterparts. The current study assessed osteoporosis knowledge and preventive practice among menopausal women. The study's objectives were to 1) assess the osteoporosis knowledge and preventive practice among women, 2) find the correlation between the knowledge and preventive practice among menopausal women, and 3) find the association of knowledge and preventive practice with selected demographic variables.

Methods A quantitative nonexperimental research approach with a descriptive correlational survey design was adopted in the study. A total of 100 samples between the ages of 45 and 56 years were the participants. Data were collected using demographic proforma, a self-structured knowledge questionnaire, and a preventive practice checklist. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.

Results The majority of the menopausal women (65%) were between the age group of 53 and 56 years and 79% of menopausal women were having primary education, 77% of them were unskilled workers. Fifty percent of the participants had shown adequate knowledge with a median score of 12 and the remaining half of the participants had a knowledge score < 12. The knowledge score among women was 11.47 ± 2.4 with a maximum score of 17 and the minimum score of 5. With regard to the preventive practice, the participants were 20.12 ± 2.22.

Conclusion The study showed a gross deficit in osteoporosis knowledge among menopausal women and they were following unhealthy practices in their lifetime. There is a need to prioritize designing appropriate awareness campaigns regarding osteoporosis among subjects who are at risk, according to their level of literacy.
Potential of Lasers in the Realm of Aesthetic Dentistry: A Narrative Review
Authors: Meghana Ivaturi Sri Sai , Bhat Amitha Ramesh , Bhandary Rahul , Thomas Biju
Published: November 2022

In contemporary dental practice, patients' interests are taken into account in terms of function and appearance. The importance in everyday circumstances, current advertising, and the media in general highlight their effect on an attractive appearance. Many academics in the field of dental aesthetics have stated equivocally that when examining the impact of tooth appearance necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. Laser technology in cosmetic dentistry is in its early stages of development and has a lot of potential in the future. Also, with expanding use of lasers in clinical dentistry, treatment planning and prognosis will see a significant improvement in the future. The introduction of this technology has turned dentistry into a painless, bloodless field with increased predictability and instant outcomes. Furthermore, these techniques can help a cosmetic dentist regulate gingiva and osseous outlines with greater creativity in the pursuit of aesthetic dental principles with more efficient use of patient time. Even from the patient standpoint, the reduced requirement for suturing and faster healing times improves case acceptance and enables the increased demand for aesthetic dentistry. The resolution of this paper is to deliver an overview of various laser applications in aesthetic dentistry and its pros and cons over the conventional approaches.
Linearity and Indiscreteness of Amalgamated Products of Hyperbolic Groups
Authors: Tholozan Nicolas , Tsouvalas Konstantinos
Published: November 2022

We discuss the linearity and discreteness of amalgamated products of linear word hyperbolic groups. In particular, we prove that the double of a torsion-free Anosov group along a maximal cyclic subgroup is always linear, and we construct examples of such groups, which do not admit discrete and faithful representations into any simple Lie group of real rank $1$. We also build new examples of non-linear word hyperbolic groups, elaborating on a previous work of Canary–Stover–Tsouvalas.
Prefrontal–accumbens neural dynamics abnormalities in mice vulnerable to develop food addiction
Authors: Calvé Pablo , Gener Thomas , Ribalta-Vilella Laura , Kummer Sami , Nebot Pau , Martín-García Elena , Puig M. Victoria , Maldonado Rafael
Published: November 2022

Food addiction is characterized by a loss of behavioral control over food intake and is closely associated with several eating disorders, including obesity and binge eating. Despite its high prevalence, the underlying neural mechanisms of food addiction are still unresolved. We trained mice in an operant paradigm for 110 days to promote the development of food addiction. Then, we classified mice as addicted and extreme non-addicted based on three addiction criteria and recorded neural activities in the prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) core through electrophysiologyin vivo. Addicted mice presented disrupted mPFC-to-NAc signaling at high frequencies (hfo 150-200 Hz) during decision-making to obtain food. Moreover, addicted mice exhibited reduced low gamma oscillations and theta-gamma coupling in the NAc during reward expectancy. Disrupted mPFC-to-NAc connectivity and gamma synchrony in the NAc correlated with increased reinforcement levels, unraveling the functional relevance of these alterations. The cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptor antagonist rimonabant rescued neural alterations observed in the addicted mice.Reinforcement levels were reduced after rimonabant administration and the directionality of signals and oscillatory activity in the NAc were reversed in addicted mice during decision-making and reward expectation, respectively. These findings suggest that disrupted mPFC-NAc neural dynamics are candidate mechanisms underlying specific behavioral alterations associated with food addiction. The elucidation of these novel communication mechanisms between the mPFC and the NAc will provide advances towards future development of new therapeutic interventions for food addiction and related disorders.
Differential reach vector computations in mIPS and PMd as revealed through HD-tDCS
Authors: Xu Sisi , Gallivan Jason , Blohm Gunnar
Published: November 2022

Recent neural and behavioural findings provide support that the medial intraparietal sulcus (mIPS) and dorsal premotor (PMd) activity reflect aspects of a kinematic plan for reaching movements. However, it is unclear how these two regions differentially contribute to reach planning. Here, we used high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS; 4 x 1 electrode placement; 2 mA for 20 min; 3 cm radius) to investigate the functional roles of mIPS and PMd in the left hemisphere of humans. We examined the changes in endpoint error in reaching task with different initial hand positions and different target locations spanning both visual hemi-fields. Participants completed the task with (stimulation, post-stimulation) and without stimulation (pre-stimulation) of individually fMRI-localized cortical areas mIPS and PMd. We found a significant interaction effect between initial hand position (IHP) and target position on the difference in horizontal endpoint error after cathodal left mIPS stimulation and significant IHP and target position main effects after cathodal left PMd stimulation, suggesting that IHP and target position are not yet integrated into a movement vector at the input of the mIPS, but are integrated in the input of PMd. Hence, these findings reveal a distinction between mIPS and PMd in the stages of movement vector formation for reaching movements and indicate that HD-tDCS is a viable method for perturbing localized cortical activity to elucidate localized cortical function.
Sex‐specific metabolic signatures in methamphetamine addicts
Authors: Cheng Zhen , Peng Yaqin , Wen Jun , Chen Wenwen , Pan Weichao , Xu Xing , Lu Xue , Cai Qinglong , Ge Feifei , Fan Yu , Wang Jun , Guan Xiaowei
Published: November 2022

Methamphetamine (METH) is a commonly abused addictive psychostimulant, and METH‐induced neurotoxic and behavioural deficits are in a sex‐specific manner. However, there is lack of biomarkers to evaluate METH addiction in clinical practice, especially for gender differences. We utilized ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) to detect the serum metabolomics in METH addicts and controls, specially exploring the sex‐specific metabolic alterations by METH abuse. We found that many differently expressed metabolites in METH addicts related to metabolisms of amino acid, energy, vitamin and neurological disorders. Further, METH abuse caused different patterns of metabolomics in a sex‐specific manner. As to amino acid metabolism, L‐phenylalanine, L‐tryptophan and L‐histidine in serum of male addicts and betaine in serum of female addicts were significantly changed by METH use. In addition, it seemed that purine and pyrimidine‐related metabolites (e.g., xanthosine and adenosine 5′‐monophosphate) in male and the metabolites of hormone (e.g., cortisol) and folate biosynthesis (e.g., 7,8‐dihydrobiopterin and 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid) in female were more sensitive to METH addiction. Our findings revealed that L‐glutamic acid, L‐aspartic acid, alpha‐ketoglutarate acid and citric acid may be potential biomarkers for monitoring METH addiction in clinic. Considering sex‐specific toxicity by METH, the metabolites of purine and pyrimidine metabolism in male and those of stress‐related hormones in female may be used to facilitate the accurate diagnosis and treatment for METH addicts of different genders.
A comparative interventional study of narrowband ultraviolet B alone and narrowband ultraviolet B in combination with microneedling in patients with stable vitiligo
Authors: Kaur Aneet , Barman Krishna Deb , Sahoo Bijaylaxmi , Choudhary Priya
Published: November 2022

Background

Vitiligo is a cosmetically concerning common disorder of depigmentation. Narrowband Ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) phototherapy is a well‐established mode of treatment for vitiligo. Microneedling is a simple method that has been used for vitiligo treatment in adjunct with NB‐UVB and has been shown to induce repigmentation in a few studies; however, there is limited study in the literature.

Aims

To compare the efficacy of NB‐UVB alone versus NB‐UVB in conjunction with microneedling in patients of stable vitiligo.

Methods

Thirty patients of non‐segmental vitiligo with patches tending toward symmetry, stable for at least 6 months were included. Patches on right side of body (side A) were subjected to both microneedling every 2 weeks and NB‐UVB three times a week, while patches on left side of body (side B) were subjected to NB‐UVB alone thrice weekly for 4 months or till complete resolution of lesions whichever was earlier. Patients were followed up for another 2 months. Response was assessed by photographic record and Vitiligo Area Severity Index (VASI score) calculated at baseline and every month for 6 months.

Results

The mean VASI score improvement in both the groups as compared to baseline was statistically significant (p‐value < .01). However, the difference in mean VASI scores between the two groups was not statistically significant (p‐value = .17).

Conclusion

NB‐UVB is an effective modality for treatment of vitiligo, but there is no additional benefit of combining microneedling with it.
Engineering bacteria as interactive cancer therapies
Authors: Gurbatri Candice R. , Arpaia Nicholas , Danino Tal
Published: November 2022

With increasing evidence that microbes colonize tumors, synthetic biology tools are being leveraged to repurpose bacteria as tumor-specific delivery systems. These engineered systems can modulate the tumor microenvironment using a combination of their inherent immunogenicity and local payload production. Here, we review genetic circuits that enhance spatial and temporal control of therapeutic bacteria to improve their safety and efficacy. We describe the engineering of interactions among bacteria, tumor cells, and immune cells, and the progression from bacteria as single agents toward their rational combination with other modalities. Together, these efforts are building toward an emerging concept of engineering interactions between programmable medicines using synthetic biology.
BCS-AE: Integrated Image Compression-Encryption Model Based on AE and Block-CS
Authors: Jameel Samer Kais , Majidpour Jafar
Published: November 2022

For Compressive Sensing problems, a number of techniques have been introduced, including traditional compressed-sensing (CS) image reconstruction and Deep Neural Network (DNN) models. Unfortunately, due to low sampling rates, the quality of image reconstruction is still poor. This paper proposes a lossy image compression model (i.e. BCS-AE), which combines two different types to produce a model that uses more high-quality low-bitrate CS reconstruction. Initially, block-based compressed sensing (BCS) was utilized, and it was done one block at a time by the same operator. It can correctly extract images with complex geometric configurations. Second, we create an AutoEncoder architecture to replace traditional transforms, and we train it with a rate-distortion loss function. The proposed model is trained and then tested on the CelebA and Kodak databases. According to the results, advanced deep learning-based and iterative optimization-based algorithms perform better in terms of compression ratio and reconstruction quality.
Flow Cytometry Analysis Reveals a Wide Cytologic and Immunophenotypic Spectrum of Peripheral B Lymphocytes in Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Liu Hung-Lin , Liao Chun-Kai , Weng Shao-Wen , Shih Lee-Yung , Chou Chih-Chi , You Huey-Ling , Wang Ming-Chung , Huang Wan-Ting
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is an aggressive T-cell lymphoma commonly associated with B-cell dysregulation. Correlations involving B-cell dysregulation and clinicopathological features remain unclear. Methods: We prospectively collected blood samples from 11 AITL patients and 17 healthy controls. The percentages of B-cell subpopulations and lymphocytes with IL-21 production were assessed using flow cytometry. Peripheral blood lymphocyte morphology was evaluated microscopically. Results: Six of 11 (54.5%) patients presented with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Three of 11 (27.3%) tumor biopsies showed monoclonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. The patients exhibited significantly lower levels of naive (p < 0.001) and class-switched (p < 0.001) B cells than controls. The percentages of IgD−CD27− B cells (p = 0.007) and antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) (p = 0.001) were increased. Blood smears revealed atypical lymphocytes and immature plasma cells with morphological diversity. In comparison to normal controls, IL-21 production significantly increased in CD4+ (p < 0.001) and CD8+ (p = 0.020) T cells. B-cell clonality, RHOA G17V mutation, and the presence of sheets of clear cells and immature/mature plasma cells in lymph nodes were significantly associated with percentages of class-switched B cells and ASCs. The patients with circulating EBV DNA had a lower percentage of naive B cells (p = 0.009). Conclusions: Our results demonstrated a wide spectrum of peripheral B-cell morphologies and immunophenotypes of peripheral B cells in AITL. These findings correspond to dysregulated B-cell immunity and heterogeneous clinicopathological features.
Online Search Patterns about Vaccination: A National Study
Authors: Costa Inês Silva , Nisa Madalena Meira , Ferreira Lígia M.
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Google Trends is an online metadata platform that measures the relative search volume of every topic in online search engines. In medical settings, this behavior has been associated with active changes in people’s perceptions and search for healthcare. This study aimed to evaluate the online search patterns of Portuguese extra-program and risk-based vaccination. Methods: Analysis of the relative search volume was performed for extra-program and risk-based vaccines, in every Portuguese district between 2006 and 2021. Relative search volume was represented between 0 and 100 (highest interest in the query). Results: Rotavirus vaccine was consistently the most searched, followed by BCG and flu, the last of which, with abnormal peaks of search in November 2009 and October 2020. We registered a significant increase in the search for every vaccine in the last 5 years (p < 0.01). Particularly, during the COVID-19 pandemic, a more abrupt increase was registered for the flu vaccine, but most importantly for BCG (3,0[69,9] vs. 9,0[528,0]). Lisboa and Porto are the only Portuguese districts where percentual research is spread across all types of vaccines. On the other hand, in Portalegre, 84% of total searches correspond to BCG. Discussion and Conclusion: The recent increase in the interest in vaccination may translate into the investment of health professionals in primary prevention measures. However, the mediatic impact of pandemics is not neglectable. Health professionals must fight misinformation as it may have happened with the increasing interest in BCG, probably due to the protective association proposed with the infection by SARS-CoV-2.
Nail-Patella Syndrome and Glaucoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Pallozzi Lavorante Nicola , Iester Michele , Bonzano Chiara , Bagnis Alessandro , Traverso Carlo Enrico , Cutolo Carlo Alberto
Published: November 2022

Nail-patella syndrome (NPS) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by nail dysplasia, aplastic or hypoplastic patellae, elbow dysplasia, and presence of iliac horns. Renal or ocular abnormalities are also associated with the disease. We report the case of a 57-year-old woman affected by NPS and having haploinsufficiency of the LMX1B gene who experienced severe bilateral chronic angle-closure glaucoma in both eyes and that was successfully managed with a flap-express procedure in the right eye. The left eye had no light perception, and medical treatment was considered. Glaucoma is the most frequent ocular abnormalities observed in association with NPS and usually presents with an open angle. Glaucoma associated with NPS typically has an early onset open-angle phenotype. In fewer cases, it may present with an angle-closure phenotype. Therefore, we emphasize the need for glaucoma case-finding protocols comprehensive of gonioscopy in NPS patients and their relatives.