bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Sowing Dates and Fungicide Application on Chocolate Spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.) Disease of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) in Western Ethiopia
Authors: Hunduma Adugna , Wakoya Fikiru , Merga Fufa , Abdissa Tola , Tufa Abdela , Asefa Fayera
Published: February 2023

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a cool legume crop grown in the highlands of Ethiopia, and chocolate spot disease (Botrytis fabae Sard.) occurs in wide areas. There is a shortage of recorded data about the impact of chocolate spot disease on faba beans and their management practices in Ethiopia. The objectives of this study were to assess the influence of sowing dates and the frequency of foliar fungicide (mancozeb) application for the management of chocolate spots and determine the association of sowing dates with chocolate spot disease occurrence. The experiment was conducted in the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons at two locations in Shambu and Guduru, western Oromia, Ethiopia. The mean disease severity, AUDPC, and grain yield were found to be statistically significant differences (

P
<
0.05

) among the treatments at both locations and years. A highly negative correlation of AUDPC with a grain yield was obtained for both locations and years. A high infection rate, disease severity, AUDPC, and low grain yield were recorded from the unsprayed treatment. Three applications of mancozeb spray on the first July sowing date have effectively reduced disease severity and significantly increased yield. However, cost-effective and environmentally eco-friendly disease management is an issue that has to be further investigated.
Xueliankoufuye Suppresses Microglial Activation with Inflammatory Pain by Blocking NF‐κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Shao Shuai , Wei Yazi , Liu Xingtong , Zhang Tiantai
Published: February 2023

Xuelian, as a traditional Chinese ethnodrug, plays an important role in anti‐inflammation, immunoregulation, promoting blood circulation, and other physiological functions. It has been prepared into different traditional Chinese medicine preparations for clinical use, with xuelian koufuye (XL) being widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. However, whether XL can relieve inflammatory pain and its analgesic molecular mechanism are still unknown. The present study explored the palliative effect of XL on inflammatory pain and its analgesic molecular mechanism. In complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)‐induced inflammatory joint pain, oral XL dose‐dependently improved the mechanical withdrawal threshold of inflammatory pain from an average value of 17.8 g to 26.6 g (P < 0.05) and high doses of XL significantly reduced inflammation‐induced ankle swelling from an average value of 3.1 cm to 2.3 cm compared to the model group (P < 0.05). In addition, in carrageenan‐induced inflammatory muscle pain rat models, oral XL dose‐dependently improved the mechanical withdrawal threshold of inflammatory pain from an average value of 34.3 g to 40.8 g (P < 0.05). The phosphorylated p65 was inhibited in LPS‐induced BV‐2 microglia and spinal cord of mice in CFA‐induced inflammatory joint pain within a value of 75% (P < 0.001) and 52% reduction (P < 0.05) on average, respectively. In addition, the results showed that XL could effectively inhibit the expression and secretion of IL‐6 from an average value of 2.5 ng/ml to 0.5 ng/ml (P < 0.001) and TNF‐α from 3.6 mg/ml to 1.8 ng/ml with IC50 value of 20.15 μg/mL and 112 μg/mL respectively, by activating the NF‐κB signaling pathway in BV‐2 microglia (P < 0.001). The above‐given results provide a clear understanding of the analgesic activity and mechanism of action not found in XL. Considering the significant effects of XL, it can be evaluated as a novel drug candidate for inflammatory pain, which establishes a new experimental basis for expanding the indications of XL in clinical treatment and suggests a feasible strategy to develop natural analgesic drugs.
Nutrient Density and Microbial Safety of Open-Air-Dried Beef Meat and Its Biochemical and Organ Histopathology Effects in Albino Rats: A Promising Ingredient for Complementary Food Formulation
Authors: Habte Kifle , Azene Meseret , Chanyalew Yohannes , Girma Samson , Bashea Chala , Yehualshet Asrat , Behailu Getamesay , Abebe Abiy , Tessema Masresha
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Dried beef meat is a major source of essential fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins that are digestible and absorbable, thus could be a potential source of nutrients in complementary food formulations. Composition, microbial safety, and organ function tests were analyzed, and histopathological effect of air-dried beef meat powder was determined in rat model. Methods. Three groups of diets were given for the three groups of animals: (1) standard rat diet, (2) meat powder+standard rat diet (1 : 1 formulation), and (3) dried meat powder. A total of 36 Wistar albino rats (18 males and 18 females) of 4-8 weeks old were used and randomly assigned to the experiments. After acclimatization for one week, the experimental rats were followed for 30 days. Microbial analysis, nutrient composition, organ histopathology (liver and kidney), and organ function tests were conducted from serum samples taken from the animals. Results. Protein, fat, fiber, ash, utilizable carbohydrate, and energy contents of meat powder on a dry weight basis were

76.12
±
3.68

,

8.19
±
2.01

,

0.56
±
0.38

,

6.45
±
1.21

,

2.79
±
0.38
 
g
/
100
 
g

, and

389.30
±
3.25
 
kcal
/
100
 
g

, respectively. Meat powder could be also a potential source of minerals such as potassium (

766.16
±
77.26
 
mg
/
100
 
g

), phosphorus (

150.35
±
16.26
 
mg
/
100
 
g

), calcium (

18.15
±
7.80
 
mg
/
100
 
g

), zinc (

3.82
±
0.10
 
mg
/
100
 
g

), and sodium (

123.76
±
32.71
 
mg
/
100
 
g

). Food intakes were lower in MP group compared to the others. According to organ histopathology results, animals fed with the diet have shown normal values, except rise in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatine kinase (CK) in groups fed with meat powder. The results of organ function tests were all within the acceptable ranges and comparable with their counterpart control groups. However, some of the microbial contents of the meat powder were not within the recommended level. Conclusion. Dried meat powder has a higher amount of nutrients, which would be a potential recipe in complementary food preparation that can support to reduce child malnutrition. However, further studies need to be conducted on the sensory acceptability of formulated complementary foods containing dried meat powder; also, clinical trials are aimed at observing the effect of dried meat powder on child linear growth.
Use of the Sheathless Eaucath Is an Effective Strategy to Overcome Resistant Severe Radial Spasm
Authors: Borrie Andrew , Raina Aditya , Fairley Sarah , Ranchord Anil , Harding Scott A.
Published: February 2023

Objectives. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the sheathless Eaucath guiding catheter (SEGC) in overcoming severe spasm. Background. Radial spasm is a frequent challenge in transradial access (TRA) and can be difficult to manage. Methods. We performed a prospective observational study of 1000 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography with or without percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients with primary transfemoral access (TFA) or primary use of a sheathless guide catheter were excluded. Patients who developed angiographically confirmed severe spasm were treated with further sedation and vasodilators. If the conventional catheter would still not advance, it was exchanged for a SEGC. The primary endpoint was the successful passage of the SEGC through the radial with successful engagement of the coronary artery in patients with resistant severe spasm. Results. Primary TFA access was used in 58 (5.8%) and primary radial access with a SEGC in 44 (4.4%) patients. Of the remaining 898 patients, 888 (98.9%) had a radial sheath successfully inserted. Of these, 49 (5.5%) developed severe radial spasm with inability to advance the catheter. Following treatment with additional sedation and vasodilators, the severe spasm resolved in 5 (10.2%) patients. Passage of a SEGC was attempted in the remaining 44 patients with resistant severe spasm. Passage of the SEGC and engagement of coronary arteries were successful in all cases. There were no complications related to use of the SEGC. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that use of the SEGC for resistant severe spasm is highly effective, safe, and may reduce the need for conversion to TFA.
PFC2D-Based Analysis of the Effect of the Axial Loading Rate on the Mechanical Properties of Backfill
Authors: Kun Wang , Jian-Xin Fu , Yu Wang
Published: February 2023

The unloading failure process in mining engineering scenarios is similar to the loading failure process at different loading rates indoor. To clarify the relationship between the mechanical properties of backfill and the loading rate, a particle flow code 2D-based numerical simulation was performed to establish the backfill model, and tests involving five loading rates were conducted. The following results were obtained: (1) the compressive strength of the backfill body increases linearly with the increase in the loading rate. The peak strain increases in an S-shaped manner, and the modulus of elasticity first increases and then decreases. (2) The evolution of cracks is similar to that of damage energy consumption, and a smaller rate means that the curve’s inflection point arrives earlier. (3) Tensile failure is the dominant failure mode. As the rate increases, the model destruction mode transforms from single to multiple failures, and the crack distribution becomes denser. (4) The backfill body exhibits a uniform destruction form at all loading rates. However, the difference in the loading rate leads to different energy consumption growth rates and total energy consumption.
Feature‐Based Graph Backdoor Attack in the Node Classification Task
Authors: Chen Yang , Ye Zhonglin , Zhao Haixing , Wang Ying
Published: February 2023

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown significant performance in various practical applications due to their strong learning capabilities. Backdoor attacks are a type of attack that can produce hidden attacks on machine learning models. GNNs take backdoor datasets as input to produce an adversary‐specified output on poisoned data but perform normally on clean data, which can have grave implications for applications. Backdoor attacks are under‐researched in the graph domain, and almost existing graph backdoor attacks focus on the graph‐level classification task. To close this gap, we propose a novel graph backdoor attack that uses node features as triggers and does not need knowledge of the GNNs parameters. In the experiments, we find that feature triggers can destroy the feature spaces of the original datasets, resulting in GNNs inability to identify poisoned data and clean data well. An adaptive method is proposed to improve the performance of the backdoor model by adjusting the graph structure. We conducted extensive experiments to validate the effectiveness of our model on three benchmark datasets.
OLFML2A Overexpression Predicts an Unfavorable Prognosis in Patients with AML
Authors: Lu Xuan , Li Ying , Yang Yan , Zhuang Wanchuan , Chai Xingxing , Gong Chen
Published: February 2023

Background. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant clonal disease of the myeloid hematopoietic system. Clinically, standard treatment options include conventional chemotherapy as well as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Among them, chemotherapy has a remission rate of 60% to 80% and nearly 50% relapse in consolidation therapy. Some patients have a poor prognosis due to the presence of unfavorable factors such as advanced age, hematologic history, poor prognosis karyotype, severe infection, and organ insufficiency, which cannot tolerate or are not suitable for standard chemotherapy regimens, and scholars have tried to find new treatment strategies to improve this situation. In the pathogenesis and treatment of leukemia, epigenetics has received attention from experts and scholars. Objective. To investigate the relationship between OLFML2A overexpression and AML patients. Methods. From The Cancer Genome Atlas, researchers used the data of OLFML2A gene to analyze and study the pan-cancer using R language and then divided the high and low levels of this protein into two groups to study its relationship with the clinical characteristics of the disease. The relationship between the high levels of OLFML2A and various clinical features of the disease was studied with emphasis on the relationship between the high levels of OLFML2A and various clinical features of the disease. A multidimensional Cox regression analysis was also performed to study the factors affecting patient survival. The correlation between OLFML2A expression and immune infiltration through the immune microenvironment was analyzed. The researchers then conducted a series of studies to analyze the data collected in the study. The focus was on the relationship between the high levels of OLFML2A and immune infiltration. Gene ontology analysis was also performed to study the interactions between the different genes associated with this protein. Results. According to the pan-cancer analysis, OLFML2A was differentially expressed in different tumors. More importantly, the analysis of OLFML2A in the TCGA-AML database revealed that OLFML2A was highly expressed in AML. The researchers found that the high levels of OLFML2A were associated with different clinical features of the disease, and that the expression of the protein was different in different groups. Those patients with the high levels of OLFML2A were found to have substantially longer survival times compared to those with low-protein levels. Conclusions. The OLFML2A gene is able to act as a molecular indicator involved in the diagnosis, prognosis, and immune process of AML. It improves the molecular biology prognostic system of AML, provides help for the selection of AML treatment options, and provides new ideas for future biologically targeted therapy of AML.
Corydalis decumbens Alleviates the Migration, Phagocytosis, and Inflammatory Response of Macrophages
Authors: Huang Shanmin , Zheng Xuehua , Dong Weiguo , Lin Yao , Jiang Shu , Zheng Haiyin , Qian Changhui
Published: February 2023

Background. The role of Corydalis decumbens (CD) in macrophage activation remains unclear, particularly in the Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) signaling pathway. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of CD on the viability, proliferation, morphological changes, migration, phagocytosis, differentiation, and release of inflammatory factors and signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Methods. Cell counting kit‐8 and water‐soluble tetrazolium salt assays were used to evaluate the viability and proliferation of RAW264.7 macrophages. A transwell assay was examined to assess cell migration. The ingestion of lumisphere assay was employed to detect the phagocytic capacity of macrophages. Phalloidin staining was performed to observe morphological changes in the macrophages. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was performed to quantify inflammation‐related cytokines in cell culture supernatants. Cellular immunofluorescence and western blotting were adopted to show the expression of inflammation‐related factors, biomarkers of M1/M2 subset macrophages, and factors of the RhoA signaling pathway. Results. We found that CD increased the viability and proliferation of RAW264.7 macrophages. CD also impaired the migration and phagocytic capacity of macrophages, induced anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization, such as M2‐like morphological changes, and upregulated M2 macrophage biomarkers and anti‐inflammatory factors. We also observed that CD inactivated the RhoA signaling pathway. Conclusions. CD mediates the activation of LPS‐stimulated macrophages, alleviates the inflammatory responses of macrophages, and activates related signaling pathways induced by LPS.
A Comprehensive and Systematic Analysis Revealed the Role of ADAR1 in Pan-Cancer Prognosis and Immune Implications
Authors: Zhu Jianlin , Zheng Jianjian , Zhang Jinjun , Wang Songyu , Wang Lu , Zhao Yan
Published: February 2023

Adenosine deaminase RNA specific 1 (ADAR1) has been identified as an enzyme that deaminates adenosine within the dsRNA region to produce inosine, whose amplification reinforced the exhaustion of the immune system. Although there were currently cellular and animal assays supporting the relationship between ADAR1 and specific cancers, there was no correlation analysis that has been performed at the pan-cancer level. Therefore, we first analyzed the expression of ADAR1 in 33 cancers based on the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database. ADAR1 was highly expressed in most cancers, and there was a closely association between ADAR1 expression and prognosis of patients. Furthermore, pathway enrichment analysis revealed that ADAR1 was involved in multiple antigens presenting and processing inflammatory and interferon pathways. Moreover, ADAR1 expression was positively correlated with CD8+ T cell infiltration levels in renal papillary cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, and endometrial cancer and negatively correlated with Treg cell infiltration. In addition, we further found that ADAR1 expression was closely associated with various immune checkpoints and chemokines. Meanwhile, we observed that ADAR1 may be involved in the regulation of pan-cancer stemness. In conclusion, we provided a comprehensive understanding of the oncogenic role of ADAR1 in pan-cancer, and ADAR1 might serve as a new potential target for antitumor therapy.
Netrin-1 Promotes the Immunosuppressive Activity of MDSCs in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Xia Xueli , Mao Zhenwei , Wang Wenxin , Ma Jie , Tian Jie , Wang Shengjun , Yin Kai
Published: February 2023

Myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSC) inhibit antitumor immunity and confer a survival advantage for tumor evasion. Tumor cells also support MDSC expansion and recruitment by secreting multiple growth factors and cytokines, but the mechanisms by which tumors affect MDSC function are not completely understood. Here, we found that the neuronal guidance protein netrin-1 was selectively secreted by MC38 murine colon cancer cells, which could enhance the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs. MDSCs predominantly expressed one type of netrin-1 receptor, adenosine receptor 2B (A2BR). Netrin-1 interacted with A2BR on MDSCs to activate the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway, which ultimately increased CREB phosphorylation in MDSCs. Furthermore, netrin-1 knockdown in tumor cells inhibited the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs and restored antitumor immunity in MC38 tumor xenograft mice. Intriguingly, high netrin-1 in the plasma correlated with MDSCs in patients with colorectal cancer. In conclusion, netrin-1 significantly enhanced the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs through A2BR on MDSCs, thus promoting the development of tumors. These findings highlight that netrin-1 may regulate the abnormal immune response in colorectal cancer and may become a potential target for immunotherapy.
Quantitative, Spatially Defined Expression of Leukocyte-associated Immunoglobulin-like Receptor in Non–small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Aung Thazin N. , Gavrielatou Niki , Vathiotis Ioannis A. , Fernandez Aileen I. , Shafi Saba , Yaghoobi Vesal , Burela Sneha , MacNeil Tyler , Ahmed Fahad Shabbir , Myint Han , Flies Dallas B. , Langermann Solomon , Rimm David L.
Published: February 2023

Targeting the interaction of leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) and its ligands has been shown to reinstate antitumor immunity. In addition, the introduction of the LAIR-1 decoy protein, LAIR-2, sensitizes previously resistant lung tumors to programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade, indicating the potential of LAIR-1 as an alternative marker for anti-PD-1 resistance in lung cancer. Here, we assessed LAIR-1 as compared with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in various tumors, with a focus on non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its histologic subtypes using multiplexed quantitative immunofluorescence (mQIF) in 287 (discovery cohort) and 144 (validation cohort) patients with NSCLC. In addition, using multispectral imaging technology on mQIF images, we evaluated the localization of LAIR-1 on various cell types. We observed that CD14+, CD68+, and CD163+ monocytes and CK+ tumor cells predominantly expressed LAIR-1 more than other cell types. Furthermore, LAIR-1 expression in the tumor compartment was significantly higher in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) than those with lung squamous cell carcinoma subtype (**, P = 0.003). Our results indicated that high tumor LAIR-1 expression in patients with LUAD is negatively associated with OS (overall survival, HR = 2.4; *, P = 0.02) highlighting its prognostic value in LUAD but not in other subtypes. The Pearson correlation between LAIR-1 and PD-L1 is 0.31; however, mutual exclusive staining pattern (i.e., several cases were positive for LAIR-1 and negative for PD-L1) was observed. Altogether, our data suggest that the combination therapy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 with anti-LAIR-1 or the anti-LAIR-1 monotherapy alone may be promising cancer immunotherapeutic strategies.

Significance:

The spatial, quantitative assessment of LAIR-1 in NSCLC shows positive association of OS with high LAIR-1+/CD68+ cell densities and negative association of OS with high LAIR-1 expression in LUAD tumor subtype.
The Analysis of Synonymy and Antonymy in Discourse Relations: An Interpretable Modeling Approach
Authors: Reig Alamillo Asela , Torres Moreno David , Morales González Eliseo , Toledo Acosta Mauricio , Taroni Antoine , Hermosillo Valadez Jorge
Published: February 2023

The idea that discourse relations are interpreted both by explicit content and by shared knowledge between producer and interpreter is pervasive in discourse and linguistic studies. How much weight should be ascribed in this process to the lexical semantics of the arguments is, however, uncertain. We propose a computational approach to analyze contrast and concession relations in the PDTB corpus. Our work sheds light on the question of how much lexical relations contribute to the signaling of such explicit and implicit relations, as well as on the contribution of different parts of speech to these semantic relations. This study contributes to bridging the gap between corpus and computational linguistics by proposing transparent and explainable computational models of discourse relations based on the synonymy and antonymy of their arguments.
Three Heads Better than One: Pure Entity, Relation Label and Adversarial Training for Cross-domain Few-shot Relation Extraction
Authors: Fang Wenlong , Ouyang Chunping , Lin Qiang , Yuan Yue
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we study cross-domain relation extraction. Since new data mapping to feature spaces always differs from the previously seen data due to a domain shift, few-shot relation extraction often perform poorly. To solve the problems caused by cross-domain, we propose a method for combining the pure entity, relation labels and adversarial (PERLA). We first use entities and complete sentences for separate encoding to obtain context-independent entity features. Then, we combine relation labels which are useful for relation extraction to mitigate context noise. We combine adversarial to reduce the noise caused by cross-domain. We conducted experiments on the publicly available cross-domain relation extraction dataset Fewrel 2.0[1]①, and the results show that our approach improves accuracy and has better transferability for better adaptation to cross-domain tasks.
Petalidium konkiepense (Acanthaceae), a new species from Namibia
Authors: SWANEPOEL WESSEL , VAN WYK ABRAHAM E.
Published: February 2023

Petalidium konkiepense, here described as a new species, is only known from the Gariep Centre of Plant Endemism in southern Namibia, where it grows on arid hillsides and along drainage lines. Diagnostic morphological characters for P. konkiepense include the rigid, cylindrical distal stems (quadrangular when young), grey or dark brownish grey bark (white to cream when young), densely puberulent vegetative parts with widely spaced robust glandular and eglandular trichomes, and the oblanceolate leaves with prominent midrib and principal lateral veins. A comparison of some of the more prominent features to differentiate Petalidium konkiepense from its morphologically most similar relatives, P. linifolium and P. cymbiforme, is provided. Based on IUCN Red List categories and criteria, a conservation assessment of Endangered under criteria B1 is recommended for the new species.
Novelties in Asian Mitreola (Loganiaceae): M. capitata, a new species from Vietnam, and lectotypification of M. spathulifolia
Authors: NURALIEV MAXIM S. , LYSKOV DMITRY F. , KUZNETSOV ANDREY N. , KUZNETSOVA SVETLANA P. , FU LONG-FEI
Published: February 2023

Mitreola capitata, a new species of Loganiaceae, is described and illustrated. The species was discovered in 2022 during a botanical survey of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park (Quang Binh Province, northern Vietnam), where it inhabits a steep limestone rock. Mitreola capitata is remarkable for its habit that includes a leaf-rosette, compact head-like inflorescence with long peduncle and prominent indumentum of most plant parts. The new species is most similar to M. spathulifolia, differing by smaller leaves, dense and compact inflorescence, shorter pedicel, hairy calyx and smaller capsule. Typification of M. spathulifolia is revised, and a lectotype is selected.
Austronea oblongifolia (Hyacinthaceae subfam. Urgineoideae), a new species from the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa
Authors: MARTÍNEZ-AZORÍN MARIO , DOLD ANTHONY P. , CRESPO MANUEL B. , VARGAS MARÍA ÁNGELES ALONSO
Published: February 2023

Our field work in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa revealed an undescribed species of Austronea, which approaches A. marginata and related species, but differs in distinct morphological characters and distribution. We here describe Austronea oblongifolia to include plants showing bulbs with compact scales; a single, oblong, apiculate leaf that is appressed to the ground, and is minutely scabridulous on the upper surface with undifferentiated leaf margin; inflorescence subcapitate with a short peduncle; lowermost bracts with a broad spur; and reddish flowers with smooth filaments. We provide a complete morphological description, as well as data on ecology and distribution.
Smilax bolavenensis, a new species of Smilacaceae from southern Laos
Authors: TAGANE SHUICHIRO , SOULADETH PHETLASY , TAMURA MINORU N.
Published: February 2023

A new species of Smilax, S. bolavenensis (Smilacaceae), is described from the Bolaven Plateau, southern Laos. It is similar to S. elegantissima in its elongated inflorescence with slightly zigzagged rachis longer than 20 cm, but the new species is distinguished by its terete stem and petiole (vs. 4-angled with each corner narrowly winged in S. elegantissima) and 42–54-flowered umbels (vs. 7–12). A description, photographs and preliminary conservation status are also provided for S. bolavenensis.
A reassessment of combinations previously proposed or published for Kalanchoe subg. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), and its valid publication at the rank of subgenus
Authors: SMITH GIDEON F.
Published: February 2023

Article 35.2 of the Shenzhen Code requires that, for a combination to be validly published, authors of plant names must: “[…] definitely associate the final epithet with the name of the genus or species, or with its abbreviation […]”. Correct application of this Article indicates that neither “Kalanchoe sect. Alatae” nor “Kalanchoe subg. Alatae”, was validly published by, respectively, Raymond-Hamet in 1933 and Smith et al. in 2021. However, Kalanchoe sect. Alatae was validly published by Smith in 2021. The new status, at the rank of subgenus, Kalanchoe subg. Alatae, is validly published here.
Reclassification of Teloganodes Eaton 1882 (including subgenera Dudgeodes Sartori 2008 and Derlethina Sartori 2008) with a new species from Sulawesi (Ephemeroptera, Teloganodidae)
Authors: KLUGE NIKITA
Published: February 2023

The genera Teloganodes Eaton 1882 sensu Sartori et al. 2008 and Dudgeodes Sartori 2008 in the original sense, were artificial taxa, and the genus Derlethina Sartori 2008 differed from them only by greater reduction of posterior tergalii. In the present paper, the genus Teloganodes is accepted in wide sense and includes the 3 following formal subgenera: (1) subgenus Teloganodes, stat. n. (= Macafertiella Wang in Wang & McCafferty 1996) contains only species with 5 pairs of tergalii (i.e. tergalii II–VI); (2) subgenus Dudgeodes Sartori in Sartori et al. 2008, stat. n. contains all species with 4 pairs of tergalii (i.e. tergalii II–V); (3) subgenus Derlethina Sartori in Sartori et al. 2008, stat. n. contains species with 3 pairs of tergalii (i.e. tergalii II–IV). The species Teloganodes jacobusi Sartori in Sartori et al. 2008 and T. hubbardi Sartori in Sartori et al. 2008 are moved to the subgenus Dudgeodes. The following new combinations are established: Teloganodes (Dudgeodes) hutanis (Sartori in Sartori et al. 2008) comb. n.; T. (D.) stephani (Sartori in Sartori et al. 2008) comb. n.; T. (D.) ulmeri (Sartori in Sartori et al. 2008) comb. n.; T. (D.) pescadori (Sartori in Sartori et al. 2008) comb. n.; T. (D.) celebensis (Sartori in Sartori et al. 2008) comb. n.; T. (D.) palnius (Selvakumar et al. in Selvakumar et al. 2014) comb. n.; T. (D.) bharathidasani (Anbalagan in Anbalagan et al. 2015) comb. n.; T. (D.) romani (Martynov et al. 2016) comb. n.; T. (D.) bauernfeindi (Garces & Sartori in Garces et al. 2020) comb. n.; T. (D.) freitagi (Garces & Sartori in Garces et al. 2020) comb. n.; T. (D.) luntian (Garces & Sartori in Garces et al. 2020) comb. n.; T. (D.) pangantihoni (Garces & Sartori in Garces et al. 2020) comb. n.; T. (D.) tabang (Garces & Sartori in Garces et al. 2020) comb. n.; T. (D.) vonrinteleni (Garces & Sartori in Garces et al. 2020) comb. n.; T. (D.) sartorii (Srinivasan et al. 2021) comb. n.; T. (D.) molinerii (Sivaruban et al. in Martynov et al. 2022) comb. n.; T. (D.) selvakumari (Martynov & Palatov in Martynov et al. 2022) comb. n.; T. (Derlethina) eloisae (Sartori in Sartori et al. 2008) comb. n.; T. (Derlethina) tamiraparaniae (Selvakumar et al. in Selvakumar et al. 2014) comb. n. Larvae, subimagines, imagines of both sexes and eggs of T. (D.) celebensis are described; a new species, T. (D.) rasus sp. n. is described from Sulawesi based on male imago and subimago reared from larva.
Application value of Fagopyrum tataricum extracts in postpartum depression and phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Zhou Bing-Xia , Wang Jin
Published: February 2023

Fagopyrum tataricum combines seven nutrients in one body. It is neither a medicine, nor a health care product, but a food that can part of a meal. F. tataricum has drawn the attention of most researchers because of the pharmacological activity of plant extracts. After
the extraction of new compound from Fagopyrum tataricum, its preventive effect combined with psychological intervention on postpartum depression was evaluated, and the related mechanism was explored. The 5-HT content in the brain was first measured by ELISA. The relative expression
of the 5-HT receptor on the neurons was determined with real-time RT-PCR assay. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Fagopyrum tataricum was characterized through Illumina pair-end sequencing, and the neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis of the F. tataricum was conducted.
Application of carbon-coated nanomultilayer sintered porous titanium microprosthesis for the repair of osteochondral defects of the knee joint
Authors: Zhang Pengli , Wu Fuzhang , Liang Yongjian , Li Zhongli , Zhang Zhenhua , Li Ji , Gao Huayi , Bai Xiaowei , Wang Yaoting , Guo Zheng , Guan Yu
Published: February 2023

We constructed a carbon-coated nanomultilayer (CNM) sintered porous titanium (Ti) microprosthesis for the optimal treatment of osteochondral defects of the knee joint. Physicochemical property tests revealed that the porosity of the constructed porous Ti-CNM prosthesis was ∼75%,
while the pore size ranged 300–400 μm. The prosthesis had an elastic modulus (9.18 GPa) and compressive strength (98.3 MPa) similar to bone tissue. Furthermore, the CNM effectively reduced the roughness of the prosthesis surface. In animal experiments, the porous Ti-CNM improved
the mineralization ability of osteoblasts in bone defects, as indicated by antialkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, and improved bone mineral density, trabecular thickness, average trabecular number, and cortical bone thickness in the defective regions, thereby shortening the repair time.
In addition, porous Ti-CNM effectively improved the production of extracellular matrix components in cartilage defects, such as collagen I, collagen II, and aggrecan, thereby enhancing the repair of cartilage defects and effectively preventing the degeneration of the opposite joint. The porous
Ti-CNM prosthesis thus demonstrates great therapeutic potential for middle-aged patients with osteoarthritis.
Bias Correcting Climate Model Simulations Using Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation Networks
Authors: Fulton D. James , Clarke Ben J. , Hegerl Gabriele C.
Published: February 2023

We assess the suitability of unpaired image-to-image translation networks for bias correcting data simulated by global atmospheric circulation models. We use the Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translation (UNIT) neural network architecture to map between data from the HadGEM3-A-N216 model and ERA5 reanalysis data in a geographical area centered on the South Asian monsoon, which has well-documented serious biases in this model. The UNIT network corrects cross-variable correlations and spatial structures but creates bias corrections with less extreme values than the target distribution. By combining the UNIT neural network with the classical technique of quantile mapping (QM), we can produce bias corrections that are better than either alone. The UNIT+QM scheme is shown to correct cross-variable correlations, spatial patterns, and all marginal distributions of single variables. The careful correction of such joint distributions is of high importance for compound extremes research.
A Self-Organizing Maps Analysis of Wintertime North Pacific Jet Stream Variability
Authors: Madsen Maria M. , Martin Jonathan E.
Published: February 2023

Previous research regarding the intraseasonal variability of the wintertime Pacific jet has employed empirical orthogonal function (EOF)/principal component (PC) analysis to characterize two leading modes of variability: a zonal extension or retraction and a ∼20° meridional shift of the jet exit region. These leading modes are intimately tied to the large-scale structure, sensible weather phenomena, and forecast skill in and around the vast North Pacific basin. However, variability within the wintertime Pacific jet and the relative importance of tropical and extratropical processes in driving such variability, is poorly understood. Here, a self-organizing maps (SOM) analysis is applied to 73 Northern Hemisphere cold seasons of 250-hPa zonal winds from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data to identify 12 characteristic physical jet states, some of which resemble the leading EOF Pacific jet patterns and combinations of them. Examination of teleconnection patterns such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) provide insight into the varying nature of the 12 SOM nodes at inter- and intraseasonal time scales. These relationships suggest that the hitherto more common EOF/PC analysis of jet variability obscures important subtleties of jet structure, revealed by the SOM analysis, which bear on the underlying physical processes associated with Pacific jet variability as well as the nature of its downstream impacts.
Rib Plating Outcomes in Elderly Trauma Patients With Multiple Rib Fractures: A Community Hospital Experience
Authors: Wasfie Tarik , Sowa Matthew , White Hutton , Nesheiwat OMS-IV Sara N. , Hille Jennifer , Hella Jennifer , Barber Kimberly , Shapiro Brian
Published: February 2023

Rib fractures in the elderly are one of the most common injuries in trauma patients admitted to the hospital, accounting for over 350,000 patients annually in the United States. Rib plating has been shown to be most beneficial among certain populations. Early surgical intervention is important to utilize approaches that limit the use of pain medications. This is a retrospective data analysis to determine the efficacy of rib plating in elderly trauma patients with rib fractures. A total of 253 patients were seen with rib fractures, 63% were male and 37% were female. The mean age is 64 ± 18.5 years. Of these patients analyzed, 76% had an associated comorbid condition. A majority of patients (95%) presented to the emergency department (ED) with mild GCS range (13-15). Moderate GCS range (9-12) was 4%, and 3% of patients were with severe GCS (3-8.) The mean ISS was 10. The overall mortality rate was 4.5%. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group I consisted of patients who received open reduction and fixation of the fractured ribs, and group II was patients managed conservatively without surgery. Statistical analyses using Student’s t-test and Chi-square test were performed. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for this study. Rib plating in elderly trauma patients with multiple rib fractures has shown to be beneficial in terms of mortality. Furthermore, geriatric patients with comorbidities will benefit from early open reduction and fixation of rib fractures, though a larger study is needed to establish clearer criteria for rib plating.
Effect of Frailty on the Management of Suspected Choledocholithiasis
Authors: Bergus Katherine C. , Gelbard Rondi B. , Scarlet Sara , Srinivas Shruthi , Tracy Brett M. ,   on behalf of the EAST Retained Common Bile Duct Stones Study Group
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and The Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (ASGE-SAGES) guidelines for managing choledocholithiasis (CDL) omit patient-specific factors like frailty. We evaluated how frail patients with CDL undergoing same-admission cholecystectomy were managed within ASGE-SAGES guidelines.

Methods

We analyzed patients undergoing same-admission cholecystectomy for CDL and/or acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) from 2016 to 2019 at 12 US academic medical centers. Patients were grouped by Charlson comorbidity index into non-frail (NF), moderately frail (MF), and severely frail (SF). ASGE-SAGES guidelines stratified likelihood of CDL and were used to compare actual to suggested management. Rate of guideline deviation was our primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included rates of surgical site infections (SSIs), biliary leaks, and 30-day surgical readmissions. Rates are presented as NF, MF, and SF.

Results

Among 844 patients, 43.3% (n = 365) were NF, 25.4% (n = 214) were MF, and 31.4% (n = 265) were SF. Frail patients were older (33y vs 56.7y vs 73.5y, P < .0001) and more likely to have ABP (32.6% vs 47.7% vs 43.8%, P = .0005). As frailty increased, guideline deviation increased (41.1% vs 43.5% vs 53.6%, P < .006). Severe frailty was predictive of guideline deviation compared to MF (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.02-2.12, P = .04) and NF (aOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.01-2.12, P = .04). There was no difference in SSIs ( P = .2), biliary leaks ( P = .7), or 30-day surgical readmission ( P = .7).

Conclusion

Frail patients with common bile duct stones had more management deviating from guidelines yet no difference in complications. Future guidelines should consider including frailty to optimize detection and management of CDL in this population.
Clinical Presentation of Pediatric Recurrent Croup: Implications for Diagnosis
Authors: So Raymond J. , Franks Zechariah , Espahbodi Mana , Ryan Marisa A. , Jenks Carolyn , Walsh Jonathan
Published: February 2023

Recurrent croup is a common clinical entity afflicting the pediatric population, but is not well-characterized in the literature. We describe the largest series of recurrent croup in North America from a single tertiary care academic center, and differentiate subpopulations based on demographic characteristics and clinical presentation. We identified 114 patients for inclusion. Common symptoms included barky cough (86.0%) and inspiratory stridor (60.5%). Many (26.3%) experienced full symptom resolution within a day, and 41.2% reported onset of symptoms at any time of the day. Male patients had a higher number of prior croup episodes at presentation compared with female patients (mean of 9.8 ± 8.0 in males vs 6.6 ± 4.8 in females, P = .03). On multivariate regression, racial/ethnic minority patients were at higher risk for dyspnea (odds ratio [OR]: 58.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.2-475.4) and upper respiratory infection prodrome (OR: 7.6; 95% CI: 1.6-35.3) compared with non-Hispanic white patients.
Exploring biographical case reconstructions of women with housing instability experience in South Brazil
Authors: Susin Priscila , Menezes Naida
Published: February 2023

How do women who have faced housing instability interpret and set up strategies to access housing? This article reflects on biographical narrative interviews conducted with women who have experienced compulsory housing removal and with women who were living in squats organized by social movements in the city of Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. These interviews were further analysed through the use of the biographical case reconstruction method. This method aims to comprehend the interviewees’ past and present perspectives on experiences of struggle related to housing, and its connection to individual and family stories and broader socio-historical processes. The two cases discussed in this article show that to access formal housing through social policy, not rarely women confront socially and politically legitimate discourses and practices by adopting strategies beyond legal or formal means. The selected cases have demonstrated distinct perspectives on similar conditions, revealing that women who have faced housing instability can interpret and experience the consequent processes of temporariness and of changing geographical and social ties in different ways.
Brokering immigrant transnationalism: Remittances, family reunification, and private refugee sponsorship in neoliberal Canada
Authors: Elcioglu Emine Fidan , Shams Tahseen
Published: February 2023

Using the case study of Canada’s private refugee sponsorship program, we show how neoliberalization heightens the power of non-immigrant civilians to broker immigrants’ transnationalism. Private sponsors respond differently to two common and interrelated forms of refugee transnationalism in which they are structurally empowered to intervene. They encourage family reunification while discouraging remittances, although the former often depends on the fulfillment of the latter. Reflecting on these power imbalances, we classify private refugee sponsorship as part of a North American trend to devolve the management of noncitizens from state actors to ordinary citizens. We conclude by encouraging scholars of transnationalism to look down and investigate how non-immigrant private civilians in receiving countries increasingly shape newcomers’ cross-border linkages. We also urge them to look up and attend to the broader neoliberal context empowering and structuring the behavior of citizen brokers.
‘And suddenly, two men. . .’: Moses and Elijah in Lukan Perspective
Authors: Hay Jared W.
Published: February 2023

This article argues that in the three instances in Luke-Acts where the phrase ‘And suddenly, two men. . .’ occurs, Luke 9, Luke 24 and Acts 1, the author expects us to understand that these men are Moses and Elijah, who are named in the first occurrence at the Transfiguration. This interpretation makes literary, audience expectation, and theological sense, creating a deeper understanding of the significance of the two prophets for the proclamation of the resurrection and the mission of the Church. It is argued that the interpretation that the ‘two men’ are ‘angels,’ like Gabriel, does not pay sufficient attention to the details of the text and reads across an understanding that the ‘men’ are ‘angels’ from Luke 24 to Acts 1 without warrant.
A novel air-assisted rotor spinning technique for ultra-stable antibacterial nanofiber/cotton hybrid yarn
Authors: Li Yinghui , Wang Liming , Ji Dongxiao , Qin Xiaohong , Yu Jianyong
Published: February 2023

Antibacterial textiles have attracted much attention in recent years. The stability of the antibacterial effect is one of the most important properties of antibacterial textiles. Integrating antibacterial nanofibers into cotton yarn is a green and efficient method to produce antibacterial textiles. However, due to the loose yarn structure of traditional rotor spinning, the functional nanofibers are easily detached from the blended yarns, resulting in reduced antibacterial effect. Herein, we modified the rotor spinning unit by adding an extra air supply channel for tighter yarn structure. The airflow field of the modified rotor spinning unit was simulated using computational fluid dynamics to determine the best setting angle of the extra air supply channel. Then, the antibacterial blended yarn was produced by trans-scale electrospinning and followed by air-assisted rotor spinning. At the same yarn density, the mean diameter of modified rotor spinning hybrid yarn was smaller than that of conventional rotor spinning hybrid yarn, demonstrating that the structure of modified rotor spinning hybrid yarn was tighter. The overall qualities of modified rotor spinning hybrid yarn were much better than those of conventional rotor spinning hybrid yarn. The fluorescent tracer technique was carried out to show that more nanofibers can be preserved in modified rotor spinning hybrid yarn than in conventional rotor spinning hybrid yarn, especially after 10 washing cycles. The antibacterial properties of modified rotor spinning hybrid yarn-based fabric against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus can reach as high as 80.5% and 82% even after 50 times of washing, indicating the high antibacterial durability. Our new technology provides a method to prepare super stable antibacterial functional yarn, and is expected to be used to prepare other durable functional textiles.
QA-USTNet: Yarn-dyed fabric defect detection via U-shaped Swin Transformer Network based on Quadtree Attention
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Xiong Wenbo , Lu Shuai , Chen Mengdan , Yao Le
Published: February 2023

The detection and location of yarn-dyed fabric defects is a crucial and challenging problem in actual production scenarios. Recently, unsupervised fabric defect detection methods based on convolutional neural networks have attracted more attention. However, the convolutional neural networks often neglect to model the global receptive field of images, which further influence the defect detection ability of the model. In this article, we propose a U-shaped Swin Transformer network based on Quadtree attention framework for unsupervised yarn-dyed fabric defect detection. The method via U-shaped network based on Swin Transformer, the Swin Transformer adopts local attention to effectively learn features, and the U-shaped network realizes pixel-level reconstruction of images. The Quadtree attention is used to effectively capture the global features of the image, and model the global receptive field, and then better reconstruct the yarn-dyed fabric image. The improved Euclidean residual enhances the detection ability of unobvious defects, and obtains the final defect detection results. The proposed method effectively avoids the difficulty of collecting a large number of defective samples and manual labeling. Our method obtains 51.34% F1 and 38.30% intersection over union on the YDFID-1 dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve higher accuracy of fabric defect detection and location compared with other methods.