bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between biological rhythm dysregulation and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Liu Dan , Zhang Min , Ding Lei , Huang Jia , Wang Yun , Su Yousong , Chen Zheng , Cai Yiyun , He Shen , Peng Daihui
Published: January 2024

Background

Although the disturbance of circadian rhythms represents a significant clinical feature of major depressive disorder (MDD), the relationship between biological rhythm disturbances and the severity of suicidal ideation in individuals with MDD remains unclear. We aimed to explore the characteristics of different biological rhythm dimensions in MDD and their association with the severity of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation.

Methods

A total of 50 MDD patients and 50 healthy controls were recruited and their general information was collected. The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS17). The intensity of suicidal ideation was evaluated with the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS). The Chinese version of the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) scale was utilized to assess the participants’ biological rhythm dysregulation. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between biological rhythm and the risk of MDD. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in the MDD group to investigate the relationship between different biological rhythm dimensions and suicide ideation.

Results

Significant differences were observed between the MDD group and the control group in total BRIAN score (Z=-5.41, P < 0.001) as well as scores for each dimension. After adjusting for confounding factors, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between total BRIAN score and the presence of MDD (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.10–1.29, P < 0.001), as well as between scores in different BRIAN dimensions and the presence of MDD (activity: OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.24–1.74, P < 0.001; sleep: OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.28–1.79, P < 0.001; social: OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.32–2.46, P < 0.001; eating pattern: OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.12–1.60, P = 0.001). In patients with MDD, linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between BSS scores and BRIAN eating pattern scores (β = 0.34, P = 0.022), even after adjusting for demographic factors and the severity of depression.

Conclusions

Patients with MDD exhibited significantly higher levels of dysregulation in all four biological rhythm dimensions compared to healthy controls and the degree of dysregulation was associated with the severity of depression. More importantly, dysregulation of eating pattern may increase the intensity of suicidal ideation in MDD, thus elevating the risk of suicide.
Establishment and validation of a novel peroxisome-related gene prognostic risk model in kidney clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhao Qian , Huang Hongwei , Lin Xuhong
Published: January 2024

Background

Kidney clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma. Peroxisomes play a role in the regulation of tumorigenesis and cancer progression, yet the prognostic significance of peroxisome-related genes (PRGs) remains rarely studied. The study aimed to establish a novel prognostic risk model and identify potential biomarkers in KIRC.

Methods

The significant prognostic PRGs were screened through differential and Cox regression analyses, and LASSO Cox regression analysis was performed to establish a prognostic risk model in the training cohort, which was validated internally in the testing and entire cohorts, and further assessed in the GSE22541 cohort. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to explore the function and pathway differences between the high-risk and low-risk groups. The relationship between risk score and immune cell infiltration levels was evaluated in the CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE and TIMER databases. Finally, potential biomarkers were identified and validated from model genes, using immunohistochemistry.

Results

Fourteen significant prognostic PRGs were identified using multiple analyses, and 9 genes (ABCD1, ACAD11, ACAT1, AGXT, DAO, EPHX2, FNDC5, HAO1, and HNGCLL1) were obtained to establish a prognostic model via LASSO Cox regression analysis. Combining the risk score with clinical factors to construct a nomogram, which provided support for personalized treatment protocols for KIRC patients. GO and KEGG analyses highlighted associations with substance metabolism, transport, and the PPAR signaling pathways. Tumor immune infiltration indicated immune suppression in the high-risk group, accompanied by higher tumor purity and the expression of 9 model genes was positively correlated with the level of immune cell infiltration. ACAT1 has superior prognostic capabilities in predicting the outcomes of KIRC patients.

Conclusions

The peroxisome-related prognostic risk model could better predict prognosis in KIRC patients.
Is switching intravesical chemotherapeutic agents beneficial in short-term recurrent high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder tumors? A 5-year retrospective study
Authors: Chen Shuaiqi , Sun Guangyu , Chen Xiaoxu , Salgado Tiyara , Wu Shangrong , Hu Hailong , Liu Ranlu , Qie Yunkai
Published: January 2024

Objective

To explore if switching intravesical chemotherapeutic agents is beneficial in short-term recurrences of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) following the failure of preceding intravesical therapy.

Materials and methods

From June 2010 to October 2015, 205 patients with NMIBC who experienced tumor recurrence within a year after receiving first-line intravesical chemotherapy (IVC) were classified into two groups. After a second complete transurethral resection (TUR) process, we immediately altered the intravesical instillation agent for 107 patients (group A). In contrast, the remaining 98 patients (group B) continued using their original intravesical instillation agent. After transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT), all patients received either an immediate instillation of epirubicin (EPI), gemcitabine (GEM), or hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT), followed by regular induction and maintenance instillations. Recurrence and progression rates were evaluated using the Chi-square test, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

In this study, there was no significant difference in either the 5-year tumor recurrence or progression rates between the two groups (p > 0.05) The Kaplan–Meier plot showed no difference in progression-free or recurrence-free survival between the two groups.

Conclusion

Switching IVC agents does not improve RFS and PFS for patients with short-term recurrent high-risk NMIBC.
Toll-like receptor and C-type lectin receptor agonists attenuate osteogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Bulanawichit Wajathip , Sinsareekul Chanakarn , Kornsuthisopon Chatvadee , Chansaenroj Ajjima , Trachoo Vorapat , Nowwarote Nunthawan , Osathanon Thanaphum
Published: January 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate the effects of various toll-like receptor (TLR) and C-type lectin receptor (CLR) ligands on osteogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).

Methods

hDPSCs were cultured and treated with various concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 µg/mL) of TLR or CLR agonists (PG-LPS, E.coli LPS, poly(I:C), Pam3CSK4, Furfurman, and Zymosan). Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The effects of TLR and CLR agonists on osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs were measured by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red S staining, and Von Kossa staining. In addition, the mRNA expression of osteogenesis-related genes (ALP, COL1A1, RUNX2, OSX, OCN and DMP1) was examined by RT-qPCR. A non-parametric analysis was employed for the statistical analyses. The statistically significant difference was considered when p < 0.05.

Results

Treatment with TLR and CLR agonists was associated with an increase in hDPSCs’ colony-forming unit ability. Compared with the control group, TLR and CLR agonists significantly inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs by decreasing the ALP activity, mineralised nodule formation, and mRNA expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes (ALP, COL1A1, RUNX2, OSX, OCN and DMP1). The inhibition of TRIF but not Akt signalling rescued the effects of TLR and CLR agonist attenuating hDPSCs’ mineralisation.

Conclusions

The activation of TLRs or CLRs exhibited an inhibitory effect on osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs via the TRIF-dependent signalling pathway.
Health-related quality of life of postpartum women and associated factors in Dendi district, West Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Amana Iranfachisa Gurmu , Tefera Eden Girmaye , Chaka Eshetu Ejeta , Bulto Gizachew Abdissa
Published: January 2024

Background

Promoting a favorable experience of postpartum care has become increasingly emphasized over recent years. Despite the fact that maternal health care services have improved over the years, postnatal care service utilization is generally low and the health-related quality of life of postpartum women remains overlooked. Furthermore, the health-related quality of life of postpartum women is not well studied. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the health-related quality of life of postpartum women and associated factors in Dendi district, West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Region, Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 429 participants. A multistage stratified sampling procedure was used to select the sampling unit and simple random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants from 23 August 2022 to 16 November 2022. A pre-tested standard structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were entered using Epi-Data 3.1 and then exported to Statistical package for social science version 26. Binary logistic regression analysis was computed at p-value < 0.25 were considered candidates for multivariable logistic regression. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval and statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05.

Results

The study revealed that 73.7% (95% CI: 69.4–77.7) had a low level of health-related quality-of-life with a mean of 44.02 (SD ± 10.4). Urban residing [AOR = 0.27, 95% CI: (0.10–0.74)], no education [AOR = 3.44, 95% CI (1.35–8.74)], received at least four antenatal contact [AOR = 0.56, 95% CI (0.33–0.95)], received at least one postnatal care [AOR = 0.30, 95% CI (0.14–0.62)], poor social support [AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: (1.025–4.893)], having postpartum depression [AOR = 2.99, 95% CI: (1.52–5.56)], cesarean delivery [AOR = 3.18, 95% CI: (1.09–9.26)], and lowest household assets [AOR = 5.68, 95% CI: (2.74–11.76)] were significant associations with low health-related quality of life of postpartum women.

Conclusions

The health-related quality of life among postpartum women was very low. Postpartum women with low socio-economic status and inadequate maternal health service utilization had a low health-related quality of life. Promoting women’s education and postnatal care services is needed to improve the health-related quality of life of postpartum women.
Exploring factors that affect nurse staffing: a descriptive qualitative study from nurse managers’ perspective
Authors: Yu Xiaoyan , Li Miqi , Du Meichen , Wang Ying , Liu Yu , Wang Hui
Published: January 2024

Background

The appropriate nurse staffing reflects the situation of nursing management of human resources. Nurse managers have a pivotal role in determining a competent and sufficient number of nurses. It is important to understand the factors influencing nurse staffing to promote appropriate staffing levels. The study aimed to explore the factors affecting nurse staffing from the perspective of nursing managers.

Methods

Purposive sampling was adopted to recruit 14 nurse managers from secondary and tertiary hospitals located in the central region of China, and semi-structured interviews via telephone were conducted from April to May 2022. Interview transcripts were analyzed and collated using thematic analysis.

Results

This research identified four themes and ten subthemes influencing nurse staffing. Extracted themes include: government level (inadequacy of mandatory policies, budgetary constraints), hospital level (hospital characteristics, the control of nurse labor costs, inadequate support on nursing), patient level (patient characteristics, increasing care needs), and nurse level (nurse shortage, skill-mix, individual high-level needs).

Conclusion

The findings indicate that it is crucial for decision-makers or policymakers to legislate for safe nurse staffing and establish effective supervision and funding incentives. Tailored interventions are also needed to improve the organizational context, address the nurse workforce and balance the structure of nurse staff.
Rumen fermentation and microbiota in Shami goats fed on condensed tannins or herbal mixture
Authors: Rabee Alaa Emara , Mohamed M. Ghandour Moustafa , Sallam Ahmed , Elwakeel Eman A. , Mohammed Rasha S. , Sabra Ebrahim A. , Abdel-Wahed Adel M. , Mourad Disouky Mohamed , Hamed Amal Amin , Hafez Osama Raef
Published: January 2024

Background

Phytochemical compounds can modify the rumen microbiome and improve rumen fermentation. This study evaluated the impact of supplementation with tannin and an herbal mixture containing ginger (Zingiber officinale), garlic (Allium sativum), Artemisia (Artemisia vulgaris), and turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the rumen fermentation and microbiota, and histology of rumen tissue of goats. Eighteen Shami male goats were divided into three groups (n = 6): non-supplemented animals fed the basal diet (C, control); animals fed basal diet and supplemented with condensed tannin (T); and animals fed basal diet and supplemented with herbal mixture (HM). Each animal received a basal diet composed of Alfalfa hay and a concentrate feed mixture.

Results

Group HM revealed higher (P < 0.05) rumen pH, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric. Principal Co-ordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that rumen microbial communities in the control group and supplemented groups were distinct. The supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundances of phylum Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria and declined (P < 0.05) Firmicutes and Fibrobacterota. Additionally, the dominant genus Prevotella and Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group were increased (P < 0.05) and the family Ruminococcaceae was declined (P < 0.05) due to the supplementation. The supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the archaeal genus Methanobrevibacter and increased (P < 0.05) Candidatus Methanomethylophilus. Tannin supplementation in T group shortened the rumen papillae.

Conclusions

The results revealed that the herbal mixture might be used to alter the rumen microbiota to improve rumen fermentation.
Primary follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the kidney – a case report of a rare tumor with emphasis on diagnostic pitfalls
Authors: Pancsa Tamás , Dénes Borbála , Somorácz Áron , Kelemen Dóra , Salamon Ferenc , Sánta Fanni , Kuthi Levente
Published: January 2024

Background

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare low-grade tumor of the lymph nodes, but roughly one-third of the cases emerge from extranodal sites, posing diagnostic challenges.

Case presentation

In this report, we present the case of a 59-year-old lady who complained of renal colic. During investigation, a kidney tumor was discovered. A radical nephrectomy was performed, and histological examination identified the tumor as a sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. The case was then referred to a genitourinary pathologist for further evaluation. The tumor cells exhibited positive staining for CD21, CD23, somatostatin receptor 2 A, and MDM2 expression. Additionally, MDM2 gene amplification was confirmed by the FISH study. Ultimately, the tumor was diagnosed as a primary renal FDCS. The patient was placed under active oncological surveillance and did not receive any further therapy. Remarkably, after 91 months of follow-up, she remains tumor-free.

Conclusion

This case represents a well-documented primary renal FDCS. Our aim in presenting this extremely rare tumor is to enhance awareness and highlight the importance of considering FDCS in the differential diagnosis.
Comparison of the safety and effectiveness of the four-hook needle and hook wire for the preoperative positioning of localization ground glass nodules
Authors: Wang Yongming , Jing Lijun , Liang Changsheng , Liu Junzhong , Wang Shubo , Wang Gongchao
Published: January 2024

Background

With the implementation of lung cancer screening programs, an increasing number of pulmonary nodules have been detected.Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) could provide adequate tissue specimens for pathological analysis, and has few postoperative complications.However, locating the nodules intraoperatively by palpation can be difficult for thoracic surgeons. The preoperative pulmonary nodule localization technique is a very effective method.We compared the safety and effectiveness of two methods for the preoperative localization of pulmonary ground glass nodules.

Methods

From October 2020 to April 2021, 133 patients who underwent CT-guided single pulmonary nodule localization were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) after successful localization. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the localization accuracy, safety, information related to surgery and postoperative pathology information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of the two localization needles.

Results

The mean maximal transverse nodule diameters in the four-hook needle and hook wire groups were 8.97 ± 3.85 mm and 9.00 ± 3.19 mm, respectively (P = 0.967). The localization times in the four-hook needle and hook wire groups were 20.58 ± 2.65 min and 21.43 ± 3.06 min, respectively (P = 0.09). The dislodgement rate was significantly higher in the hook wire group than in the four-hook needle group (7.46% vs. 0, P = 0.024). The mean patient pain scores based on the visual analog scale in the four-hook needle and hook wire groups were 2.87 ± 0.67 and 6.10 ± 2.39, respectively (P = 0.000). All ground glass nodules (GGNs) were successfully resected by VATS.

Conclusions

Preoperative pulmonary nodule localization with both a four-hook needle and hook wire is safe, convenient and effective.
Up against the wall - emergency double myocardial rupture repair
Authors: Ravi Rajeevlochan , Sinha Shubhra , Dunlop Craig , Unsworth-White Jonathan
Published: January 2024

Background

Left ventricular free wall rupture (LVFWR) and interventricular septal rupture (VSR) are potentially catastrophic mechanical complications after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). When they occur together, “double myocardial rupture” (DMR), survival is unlikely. DMR is seen in only 0.3% of all AMIs. With or without surgical intervention, the odds are against the patient.

Case presentation

A 57-year-old male self-referred to the emergency department of a remote hospital 5 days after first experiencing chest pain. Investigations in ED confirmed an inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by DMR. Coronary angiography revealed a mid-course total occlusion of the right coronary artery (RCA). He was rapidly transferred to our regional cardiac surgical unit, arriving straight into the operating theatre, in cardiogenic shock. He was briefly conscious, before arresting prior to intubation and being massaged onto bypass. Not only did he survive the all-night operation, requiring a mitral valve replacement in the process, but he survived multiple postoperative complications to be eventually transferred on postoperative day 66, neurologically intact, to a peripheral unit to complete his rehabilitation. He was subsequently discharged home 88 days after the operation and was able to ambulate with a walking frame into his first postoperative follow-up clinic appointment.

Conclusions

Our patient, against all odds, has survived DMR and multiple postoperative complications. We present the details of his case and the literature surrounding the condition. The patient’s mental fortitude and his supportive family played a significant role, along with excellent multidisciplinary team work, in assuring his survival.
The role of microRNAs in understanding sex-based differences in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Llera-Oyola Jaime , Carceller Héctor , Andreu Zoraida , Hidalgo Marta R. , Soler-Sáez Irene , Gordillo Fernando , Gómez-Cabañes Borja , Roson Beatriz , de la Iglesia-Vayá Maria , Mancuso Roberta , Guerini Franca R. , Mizokami Akiko , García-García Francisco
Published: January 2024

Background

The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD)—the most frequent cause of dementia—is expected to increase as life expectancies rise across the globe. While sex-based differences in AD have previously been described, there remain uncertainties regarding any association between sex and disease-associated molecular mechanisms. Studying sex-specific expression profiles of regulatory factors such as microRNAs (miRNAs) could contribute to more accurate disease diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

A systematic review identified six studies of microRNA expression in AD patients that incorporated information regarding the biological sex of samples in the Gene Expression Omnibus repository. A differential microRNA expression analysis was performed, considering disease status and patient sex. Subsequently, results were integrated within a meta-analysis methodology, with a functional enrichment of meta-analysis results establishing an association between altered miRNA expression and relevant Gene Ontology terms.

Results

Meta-analyses of miRNA expression profiles in blood samples revealed the alteration of sixteen miRNAs in female and 22 miRNAs in male AD patients. We discovered nine miRNAs commonly overexpressed in both sexes, suggesting a shared miRNA dysregulation profile. Functional enrichment results based on miRNA profiles revealed sex-based differences in biological processes; most affected processes related to ubiquitination, regulation of different kinase activities, and apoptotic processes in males, but RNA splicing and translation in females. Meta-analyses of miRNA expression profiles in brain samples revealed the alteration of six miRNAs in female and four miRNAs in male AD patients. We observed a single underexpressed miRNA in female and male AD patients (hsa-miR-767-5p); however, the functional enrichment analysis for brain samples did not reveal any specifically affected biological process.

Conclusions

Sex-specific meta-analyses supported the detection of differentially expressed miRNAs in female and male AD patients, highlighting the relevance of sex-based information in biomedical data. Further studies on miRNA regulation in AD patients should meet the criteria for comparability and standardization of information.
Impact of 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) health center investments on disadvantaged neighborhoods after recession
Authors: Tung Elizabeth L. , Asfour Nour , Bolton Joshua D. , Huang Elbert S. , Zhang Calvin , Anselin Luc
Published: January 2024

Background

Federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) are integral to the U.S. healthcare safety net and uniquely situated in disadvantaged neighborhoods. The 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) invested $2 billion in FQHC stimulus during the Great Recession; but it remains unknown whether this investment was associated with extended benefits for disadvantaged neighborhoods.

Methods

We used a propensity-score matched longitudinal design (2008–2012) to examine whether the 2009 ARRA FQHC investment was associated with local jobs and establishments recovery in FQHC neighborhoods. Job change data were obtained from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) survey and calculated as an annual rate per 1,000 population. Establishment change data were obtained from the National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA) and calculated as an annual rate per 10,000 population. Establishment data included 4 establishment types: healthcare services, eating/drinking places, retail establishments, and grocery stores. Fixed effects were used to compare annual rates of jobs and establishments recovery between ARRA-funded FQHC census tracts and a matched control group.

Results

Of 50,381 tracts, 2,223 contained ≥ 1 FQHC that received ARRA funding. A higher proportion of FQHC tracts had an extreme poverty designation (11.6% vs. 5.4%), high unemployment rate (45.4% vs. 30.3%), and > 50% minority racial/ethnic composition (48.1% vs. 36.3%). On average, jobs grew at an annual rate of 3.84 jobs per 1,000 population (95% CI: 3.62,4.06). In propensity-score weighted models, jobs in ARRA-funded tracts grew at a higher annual rate of 4.34 per 1,000 (95% CI: 2.56,6.12) relative to those with similar social vulnerability. We observed persistent decline in non-healthcare establishments (-1.35 per 10,000; 95% CI: -1.68,-1.02); but did not observe decline in healthcare establishments.

Conclusions

Direct funding to HCs may be an effective strategy to support healthcare establishments and some jobs recovery in disadvantaged neighborhoods during recession, reinforcing the important multidimensional roles HCs play in these communities. However, HCs may benefit from additional investments that target upstream determinants of health to mitigate uneven recovery and neighborhood decline.
Implications of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures among patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Nura , Manor Orly , Elran Einat , Siscovick David , Calderon-Margalit Ronit
Published: January 2024

Background

For the past two decades, the assessment of the quality of diabetes care has mostly relied on clinical quality indicators. These have not included Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) which provide information on outcomes deemed valuable by patients. We aimed to examine the potential utility of PROMs in type 2 diabetes care and to study the association of PROMs with patients' characteristics and clinical quality indicators.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of recently (≤ 4 years) diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 392) in the setting of a large health plan. PROMs were based on two well-validated questionnaires, the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) one-page questionnaire that measures diabetes-related distress, and the ten item PROMIS-10 global health questionnaire that measures general health. Additional items were added following a previous qualitative study among Israeli patients with diabetes. The survey was carried out using phone interviews, and data collected were linked to the electronic medical records. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the associations of socio-demographic variables and clinical quality indicators with the PROMs.

Results

About a fifth of participants (22%) had high diabetes-related distress (PAID score ≥ 40), a third reported that they did not feel confident in self-management of diabetes and about a third reported having sexual dysfunction. Women, younger patients, and those with a low education level (≤ 12 years) reported worse general health, were more likely to experience high diabetes-related distress, and to have low confidence in diabetes self-management. Interestingly, performance of all seven diabetes quality indicators was associated with worse general health and high diabetes-related distress. Of note, levels of glycated hemoglobin, LDL-cholesterol, or blood pressure were not associated with PROMs.

Conclusions

PROMs provide important information on patient self-reported health status and are likely to reflect aspects of the quality of care that are not otherwise available to clinicians. Thus, the use of PROMs has the potential to expand the evaluation of diabetes care and promote patient-centered care. We recommend that policy-makers in the Ministry of Health and health maintenance organizations implement PROMs for assessing and improving the care for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Screening for depression in children and adolescents in primary care or non-mental health settings: a systematic review update
Authors: Beck Andrew , Dryburgh Nicole , Bennett Alexandria , Shaver Nicole , Esmaeilisaraji Leila , Skidmore Becky , Patten Scott , Bragg Heather , Colman Ian , Goldfield Gary S. , Nicholls Stuart Gordon , Pajer Kathleen , Meeder Robert , Vasa Priya , Shea Beverley J. , Brouwers Melissa , Little Julian , Moher David
Published: January 2024

Background

The transition from childhood to adolescence is associated with an increase in rates of some psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder, a debilitating mood disorder. The aim of this systematic review is to update the evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for depression in primary care and non-mental health clinic settings among children and adolescents.

Methods

This review is an update of a previous systematic review, for which the last search was conducted in 2017. We searched Ovid MEDLINE® ALL, Embase Classic+Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL on November 4, 2019, and updated on February 19, 2021. If no randomized controlled trials were found, we planned to conduct an additional search for non-randomized trials with a comparator group. For non-randomized trials, we applied a non-randomized controlled trial filter and searched the same databases except for Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 2015 to February 2021. We also conducted a targeted search of the gray literature for unpublished documents. Title and abstract, and full-text screening were completed independently by pairs of reviewers.

Results

In this review update, we were unable to find any randomized controlled studies that satisfied our eligibility criteria and evaluated the potential benefits and harms of screening for depression in children and adolescents. Additionally, a search for non-randomized trials yielded no studies that met the inclusion criteria.

Conclusions

The findings of this review indicate a lack of available evidence regarding the potential benefits and harms of screening for depression in children and adolescents. This absence of evidence emphasizes the necessity for well-conducted clinical trials to evaluate the effectiveness of depression screening among children and adolescents in primary care and non-mental health clinic settings.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42020150373.
Clinically relevant sequence types of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae detected in Finnish wastewater in 2021–2022
Authors: Heljanko Viivi , Tyni Olga , Johansson Venla , Virtanen Jussa-Pekka , Räisänen Kati , Lehto Kirsi-Maarit , Lipponen Anssi , Oikarinen Sami , Pitkänen Tarja ,   WastPan Study Group, Al-Mustapha Ahmad , Kurittu Paula , Länsivaara Annika , Hyder Rafiqul , Janhonen Erja , Tiwari Ananda , Hokajärvi Anna-Maria , Kolehmainen Aleksi , Möttönen Teemu , Luomala Oskari , Juutinen Aapo , Blomqvist Soile , Savolainen-Kopra Carita , Sarekoski Anniina , Heikinheimo Annamari
Published: January 2024

Background

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical threat to human health. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are clinically the most important species associated with AMR and are the most common carbapenemase-producing (CP) Enterobacterales detected in human specimens in Finland. Wastewater surveillance has emerged as a potential approach for population-level surveillance of AMR, as wastewater could offer a reflection from a larger population with one sample and minimal recognized ethical issues. In this study, we investigated the potential of wastewater surveillance to detect CP E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains similar to those detected in human specimens.

Methods

Altogether, 89 composite samples of untreated community wastewater were collected from 10 wastewater treatment plants across Finland in 2021–2022. CP E. coli and K. pneumoniae were isolated using selective culture media and identified using MALDI-TOF MS. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion test and broth microdilution method, and a subset of isolates was characterized using whole-genome sequencing.

Results

CP E. coli was detected in 26 (29.2%) and K. pneumoniae in 25 (28.1%) samples. Among E. coli, the most common sequence type (ST) was ST410 (n = 7/26, 26.9%), while ST359 (n = 4/25, 16.0%) predominated among K. pneumoniae. Globally successful STs were detected in both E. coli (ST410, ST1284, ST167, and ST405) and K. pneumoniae (ST512, ST101, and ST307). K. pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPC) were the most common carbapenemases in both E. coli (n = 11/26, 42.3%) and K. pneumoniae (n = 13/25, 52.0%), yet also other carbapenemases, such as blaNDM-5,blaOXA-48, and blaOXA-181, were detected. We detected isolates harboring similar ST and enzyme type combinations previously linked to clusters in Finland, such as E. coli ST410 with blaKPC-2 and K. pneumoniae ST512 with blaKPC-3.

Conclusions

Our study highlights the presence of clinically relevant strains of CP E. coli and K. pneumoniae in community wastewater. The results indicate that wastewater surveillance could serve as a monitoring tool for CP Enterobacterales. However, the specificity and sensitivity of the methods should be improved, and technologies, like advanced sequencing methods, should be utilized to distinguish data with public health relevance, harness the full potential of wastewater surveillance, and implement the data in public health surveillance.
Analysis of microbial diversity and its degradation function in wooden piles at Shahe ancient bridge site in Xi’an and protection measures
Authors: Cao Jing , Liu Xin , Wang Juanli , Chen Hua , Liu Dan , Li Jin , Mai Bingjie
Published: January 2024

Microorganisms possess the capability to impact virtually any form of cultural heritage, leading to contamination, degradation, and even combined degradation, where diverse microorganism communities facilitate the decay of wooden materials. This study aims to analyze the microbial diversity of the wooden structure bridge at the Shahe Ancient bridge site in Xi'an. The objective is to investigate the correlation between microbial species and the state of wood degradation, as well as explore the relationship between wood microbial species and the potential influence of the wood preservation environment on its long-term preservation. Simultaneously, the conventional laboratory separation technique was employed to isolate the microorganisms that were contaminated by experimental ancient wood. This was done to assess the inhibitory effect of two fungicides on the dominant microorganisms found in ancient wood, identify the most effective inhibitor, and subsequently establish an experimental foundation for safeguarding ancient bridge wood structures. The primary objective of this research was to establish microbial control criteria for the enduring conservation of historical sites, while also equipping conservators with scientifically-guided data to inform future research and restoration endeavors.

Graphical Abstract
Risk of surface movements and reservoir deformation for high-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES)
Authors: Stricker Kai , Egert Robert , Schill Eva , Kohl Thomas
Published: January 2024

High-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES) systems are designed for seasonal storage of large amounts of thermal energy to meet the demand of industrial processes or district heating systems at high temperatures (> 100 °C). The resulting high injection temperatures or pressures induce thermo- and poroelastic stress changes around the injection well. This study estimates the impact of stress changes in the reservoir on ground surface deformation and evaluates the corresponding risk. Using a simplified coupled thermo-hydraulic-mechanical (THM) model of the planned DeepStor demonstrator in the depleted Leopoldshafen oil field (Upper Rhine Graben, Germany), we show that reservoir heating is associated with stress changes of up to 6 MPa, which can cause vertical displacements at reservoir depth in the order of 10–3 m in the immediate vicinity of the hot injection well. Both the stress changes and the resulting displacements in the reservoir are dominated by thermoelasticity, which is responsible for up to 90% of the latter. Uplift at the surface, on the contrary, is primarily controlled by poroelasticity with by two orders of magnitude attenuated displacements of << 10–3 m. Our calculations further show that the reservoir depth, elastic modulus, and injection/production rates are the dominant controlling parameters for the uplift, showing variations of up to two order of magnitudes between shallower reservoirs with low elastic moduli and deeper and more competent reservoirs. In addition, our findings demonstrate that the cyclic operation of HT-ATES systems reduces the potential for uplift compared to the continuous injection and production of conventional geothermal doublets, hydrocarbon production, or CO2 storage. Consequently, at realistic production and injection rates and targeting reservoirs at depths of at least several hundred meters, the risk of ground surface movement associated with HT-ATES operations in depleted oil fields in, e.g., the Upper Rhine Graben is negligible.
Understanding the pathophysiology of acute critical illness: translational lessons from zebrafish models
Authors: Fujii Kensuke , Yamakawa Kazuma , Takeda Yuriko , Okuda Natsuko , Takasu Akira , Ono Fumihito
Published: January 2024

The models used to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of acute critical illness are not limited to mammalian species. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a popular model organism for studying diseases due to its transparency and rapid development. The genes and signaling pathways involved in acute critical illness appear highly conserved among zebrafish and humans. Forward genetics such as random mutagenesis by a chemical mutagen or reverse genetics methods represented by CRISPR/Cas9 allowed researchers to reveal multiple novel aspects of pathological processes in areas including infection, immunity, and regeneration. As a model of sepsis, transgenic zebrafish allowed the visualization of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular leakage in vivo and the demonstration of changes in the expression of cellular junction proteins. Other transgenic zebrafish visualizing the extravascular migration of neutrophils and macrophages have demonstrated a decrease in neutrophil numbers and an increased expression of an inflammatory gene, which replicates a phenomenon observed in humans in clinically encountered sepsis. The regenerative potential and the visibility of zebrafish organs also enabled clarification of important mechanisms in wound healing, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. After spinal cord injury (SCI), a marker gene expressed in glial bridging was discovered. Furthermore, localized epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and molecular mechanisms leading to spinal cord repair were revealed. These translational studies using zebrafish show the potential of the model system for the treatment of acute critical illnesses such as sepsis, organ failure, and trauma.
The rise and fall of cryptocurrencies: defining the economic and social values of blockchain technologies, assessing the opportunities, and defining the financial and cybersecurity risks of the Metaverse
Authors: Radanliev Petar
Published: January 2024

This study examines blockchain technologies and their pivotal role in the evolving Metaverse, shedding light on topics such as how to invest in cryptocurrency, the mechanics behind crypto mining, and strategies to effectively buy and trade cryptocurrencies. While it contextualises the common queries of "why is crypto crashing?" and "why is crypto down?", the research transcends beyond the frequent market fluctuations to unravel how cryptocurrencies fundamentally work and the step-by-step process on how to create a cryptocurrency. Contrasting existing literature, this comprehensive investigation encompasses both the economic and cybersecurity risks inherent in the blockchain and fintech spheres. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the research transitions from the fundamental principles of fintech investment strategies to the overarching implications of blockchain within the Metaverse. Alongside exploring machine learning potentials in financial sectors and risk assessment methodologies, the study critically assesses whether developed or developing nations are poised to reap greater benefits from these technologies. Moreover, it probes into both enduring and dubious crypto projects, drawing a distinct line between genuine blockchain applications and Ponzi-like schemes. The conclusion resolutely affirms the staying power of blockchain technologies, underlined by a profound exploration of their intrinsic value and a reflective commentary by the author on the potential risks confronting individual investors.
Validation of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) physical function questionnaire in late-onset Pompe disease using PROPEL phase 3 data
Authors: Kishnani Priya S. , Shohet Simon , Raza Syed , Hummel Noemi , Castelli Jeffrey P. , Sitaraman Das Sheela , Jiang Heng , Kopiec Agnieszka , Keyzor Ian , Hahn Andreas
Published: January 2024

Background

The construct validity and interpretation of the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) Physical Function short form 20a (PF20a) questionnaire were evaluated for patients with late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD), a rare, autosomal recessive, progressive neuromuscular disorder treatable by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT).

Methods

In the phase 3 PROPEL study, adults with LOPD underwent testing of physical functioning and had PRO measurements at baseline and at weeks 12, 26, 38, and 52 while receiving experimental or standard-of-care ERT. All patients were pooled for analyses, without comparisons between treatment groups. Associations and correlations between PROMIS PF20a scores and the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), % predicted forced vital capacity (FVC), manual muscle test (MMT) of the lower extremities, Gait, Stairs, Gowers’ maneuver, Chair (GSGC) score, and Rasch-built Pompe-specific Activity (R-PAct) scale were evaluated by calculating regression coefficients in linear regression models and Pearson correlation coefficients (R); patients’ age, sex, race, ERT prior to study, body mass index, and study treatment were included as covariables. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of PROMIS PF20a was determined using distribution- and anchor-based methods.

Results

123 patients received at least 1 dose of ERT. In multivariable analyses, PROMIS PF20a scores had strong correlations with R-PAct scores (R = 0.83 at baseline and R = 0.67 when evaluating changes between baseline and 52 weeks) and moderate correlations with the 6MWD (R = 0.57 at baseline and R = 0.48 when evaluating changes between baseline and 52 weeks). Moderate correlations were also observed between PROMIS PF20a and MMT (R = 0.54), GSGC (R=-0.51), and FVC (R = 0.48) at baseline. In multivariable linear regression models, associations were significant between PROMIS PF20a and 6MWD (P = 0.0006), MMT (P = 0.0034), GSGC (P = 0.0278), and R-PAct (P < 0.0001) at baseline, between PROMIS PF20a and 6MWD (P < 0.0001), FVC (P = 0.0490), and R-PAct (P < 0.0001) when combining all measurements, and between PF20a and 6MWD (P = 0.0016) and R-PAct (P = 0.0001) when evaluating changes in scores between baseline and 52 weeks. The anchor-based and distribution-based MCID for a clinically important improvement for PROMIS PF20a were 2.4 and 4.2, respectively.

Conclusions

PROMIS PF20a has validity as an instrument both to measure and to longitudinally follow physical function in patients with LOPD.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03729362. Registered 2 November 2018, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=NCT03729362.
A qualitative study of daily activities that inform a process-based model of well-being among Singaporean adults
Authors: Hashim Jumana , Yi Huso , Foong Pin Sym , Tai E Shyong , Nolan Robert P
Published: January 2024

Background

Individual appraisals of personal well-being consider a spectrum of constructs including the reflections on the degree to which one’s life is ultimately secure, meaningful, or valued in the context of dynamic changes in their bio-psycho-social environments. Standardized questionnaires for well-being evaluate an ideal state of health which is operationally defined by abstract constructs. Patient reports describe well-being as a more dynamic construct that relates to how they adapt to successive changes in their life situations. While response shift theory addresses this dynamic nature, little is known about how personal well-being is pursued as personal aspirations evolve. In this study, we identify regularly practiced goal-directed activities reported to contribute to the pursuit of personal well-being. We then propose a taxonomy of these reported activities to inform a process-based model for well-being.

Methods

Purposive sampling was conducted with individuals, 30 to 60 years of age, with diverse ethnicities reflecting the Singaporean population. Individual semi-structured interviews were administered with the primary question: “What are the things or activities you have done in the last two weeks that made you feel like you had a good day?” Probes explored the personally salient meaning of each activity. A thematic approach was used for data analysis followed by a framework analysis to categorize the activities into major themes.

Results

We interviewed 40 individuals comprised of 60% female participants. Thematic analysis identified eight types of goal-directed activities, which were categorized under three major themes: (i) Self-Affirming Care through individual self-care and maintaining interpersonal relationships, (ii) Achievement-Focused Tasks as indicated by work-related accomplishments and developing a skill or hobby, (iii) Affiliative Growth and Support as reflected through religious practices and community services. Planned physical activity contributed to self-affirming care and achievement-focused tasks. Social affirming roles were associated with both achievement-focused tasks and affiliative growth and support.

Conclusions

In the dimensions of goal-directed activities identified, there is close alignment between Self-Affirming Care and attachment theory; Achievement-Focused Tasks and self-determination theory; and Affiliative Growth and Support and social mattering. These findings can contribute to a comprehensive process-based model of well-being which is more closely aligned to patient-report appraisals of personal well-being.