bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychometric validation of the brief Multiple Sclerosis Community Participation Scale
Authors: Wu Jia-Rung , Iwanaga Kanako , Chen Xiangli , Lee Beatrice , Umucu Emre , Tao Jing , Grenawalt Teresa A. , Pfaller Joseph , Chan Fong
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND:

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) has received considerable attention as a model of disability in recent years. Within the ICF framework, community integration and participation are considered one of the most important outcomes of health and rehabilitation interventions. Participation is a very complex and subjective concept and therefore very difficult to measure. Most participation measures are relatively long and not ideal for public health and rehabilitation surveillance or for testing complex models using structural equation modeling.

OBJECTIVE:

The main purpose of this study was to report the psychometric validation results for the brief Multiple Sclerosis Community Participation Scale (MSCPS) with 256 individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).

RESULTS:

Participants indicated that living independently; getting around; participating in recreational and social activities; and engaging in health promoting behaviors are highly important and meaningful life roles, followed by participating in meaningful life roles as children, spouses, parents, and full-time workers. Being a student, church member, and a part-time worker were the least important life roles for people with MS in the present study.

IMPLICATIONS:

Because of its brevity, the MSCPS has an advantage over other long form participation measures, making it suitable for public health surveillance, community follow-up of patients recently discharged from hospitals, and for researchers who are searching for abbreviated measures to test complex ICF models.

CONCLUSION:

The MSCPS appears to be a promising rehabilitation/health assessment and public health surveillance tool for individuals with MS, one that can be used by rehabilitation counselors to assess levels of community participation in their interview, assessment, and rehabilitation planning protocols.
Workplace discrimination allegations and outcomes involving charging parties with multiple sclerosis and other disabilities under Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act: A causal comparative analysis
Authors: Rumrill Phillip D. , Roessler Richard T. , McMahon Brian T. , Leslie Mykal , Strauser David R.
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the patterns in allegations of workplace discrimination by individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the discrimination, both actual and perceived, that has occurred against individuals with MS in comparison to a group of individuals with other disabilities (GENDIS) through analysis of the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Integrated Mission System (IMS) database.

METHODS:

An ex post facto, causal-comparative quantitative design was used to examine Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act (ADAAA) Title I complaints received by the EEOC from people with MS from 2009 through 2016 ( n = 4,000) in comparison to the GENDIS group over the same time period ( n = 139,728).

RESULTS:

The MS group was less likely to allege discrimination regarding discharge but more likely to allege discrimination regarding reasonable accommodation, constructive discharge, discipline, insurance benefits, and demotion. Charging parties with MS were more likely to be female, younger, and Caucasian and less likely to identify as African American, Hispanic/Mexican, or Asian. The EEOC was more likely to evaluate allegations by adults with MS as having merit than those filed by the GENDIS group. Implications for vocational rehabilitation practice include the need for consultation regarding recognition of on-the-job discrimination and procedures for filing allegations consistent with EEOC guidelines; greater use of physical and occupational therapy; and development of cognitive support technology strategies to aid in job performance.
The factor structure of satisfaction ratings for selected employment concerns among people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Merchant William R. , Li Jian , Rumrill Phillip , Roessler Richard T.
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure of satisfaction ratings on a collection of 38 employment concerns items among people with Multiple sclerosis (MS).

RESULTS:

Analyses included a cross validation to establish and confirm a factor structure. The original 38 items were reduced to 17, which were found to form three distinct factors during the calibration portion of the cross validation. These three factors were Environmental/Personal Resources, Fair Treatment, and Legal Rights, which were confirmed during the validation portion of the cross validation.

CONCLUSION:

It appears that the three-factor structure of these 17 items is suitable for use with individuals with MS in the evaluation of their employment-related concerns and in the subsequent delivery of rehabilitation interventions.
Differences in youth and parent postsecondary expectations for youth with disabilities
Authors: Kirby Anne V. , Dell’Armo Kristin , Persch Andrew C.
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND:

Parent expectations are known to be significant predictors of postsecondary outcomes among youth with disabilities. However, little is known about the relationship between parent and youth expectations and their differential prediction of postsecondary outcomes among youth with disabilities.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the relationship between parent and youth expectations among students with disabilities in the United States.

METHODS:

Through analysis of the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), we compared wave two parent and youth expectations across disability categories ( N = 1,940) and explored the extent to which they predicted youth postsecondary outcomes.

RESULTS:

We identified that parent and youth expectations are related but significantly different, with parents consistently holding less independent expectations than youth. Both parent and youth expectations were identified as significant predictors of postsecondary outcomes, with youth expectations more strongly predicting education and independent living outcomes, and parent expectations more strongly predicting employment and Social Security benefit outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:

Transition providers should work with parents and youth to develop collaborative goals and expectations to best support youth with disabilities for independent activities in adulthood.
The Ribosome Under Synchrotron Light
Authors: Ramakrishnan Venki , Alsari Mejd
Published: June 2019

In this interview Venki Ramakrishnan reviews part of his work on the structural resolution of the ribosome, for which he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2009. He discusses the role that synchrotron facilities have played in unravelling the structure of the ribosome and how cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has become an essential tool for structural biologists. He concludes with an overview on his current research activities at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology.
A proposal for the tagging of grammatical and pragmatic errors
Authors: Carrió Pastor María Luisa , Mestre Mestre Eva
Published: June 2019

Errors should be viewed as a key feature of language learning and language use. In this paper, we focus on the identification and classification of errors that are related to students’ grammar acquisition and pragmatic competence. Our objectives are, first, to propose the tagging of grammatical errors and pragmatic errors according to the competences of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) and, second, to determine where there is a correspondence between the different types of error. In order to meet these objectives, we designed a grid to tag the pragmatic errors produced by students with a B1 level of proficiency. It was based on the errors found in a corpus of written texts produced by undergraduate students at the Universitat Politècnica de València. Students wrote specific assignments based on the proposals specified in the CEFR for the development of pragmatic and grammatical competences. The texts were corrected and tagged manually by raters, who classified the errors using the grids and considered whether the errors were grammatical or pragmatic. Finally, the conclusions of our study were that some grammatical and pragmatic errors coincided and that this correspondence should be taken into account by language teachers.
A corpus-based semantic feature analysis of [down the NP]
Authors: Chung Siaw-Fong
Published: June 2019

Using data from the Wall Street Journal Corpus, this study investigates the connection between the preposition down and the NPs following it in the [down the NP] construction. The article demonstrates that the NPs are characterized with features such as ‘concreteness’, ‘continuity’, and ‘verticality’, and that a majority ofthe NPs following down share a certain degree of semantic similarity. The results of this study support the idea that a lexicon in a fixed frame cannot always exert influence on nearby words.
Object and subject Heavy-NP shift in Arabic
Authors: Mohamed Emad
Published: June 2019

In order to examine whether Arabic has Heavy Noun Phrase Shifting (HNPS), I have extracted from the Prague Arabic Dependency Treebank a data set in which a verb governs either an object NP and an Adjunct Phrase (PP or AdvP) or a subject NP and an Adjunct Phrase. I have used binary logistic regression where the criterion variable is whether the subject/object NP shifts, and used as predictor variables heaviness (the number of tokens per NP, adjunct), part of speech tag, verb disposition (ie. whether the verb has a history of taking double objects or sentential objects), NP number, NP definiteness, and the presence of referring pronouns in either the NP or the adjunct. The results show that only object heaviness and adjunct heaviness are useful predictors of object HNPS, while subject heaviness, adjunct heaviness, subject part of speech tag, definiteness, and adjunct head POS tags are active predictors of subject HNPS. I also show that HNPS can in principle be predicted from sentence structure.
Analysing hedging in legal discourse using small-scale and large-scale corpora
Authors: Vass Holly
Published: June 2019

Post-graduate law students are expected to handle a variety of legal and academic written genres. In these genres, meaning can be nuanced through a variety of means, including hedging. However, international law students often find decoding instances of hedging challenging, with interpretation of the writer’s true meaning suffering as a result. The aim of this paper is to compare hedging in two written legal genres which are frequently used by post-graduate law students to underpin their own academic essays: Law review articles and Supreme Court decisions. To that end, two analyses were undertaken. The first was qualitative in nature and involved the identification of hedges in a small corpus of just under 50,000 words based on introspection and intuition as per Salager-Meyer (2000). The second analysis served to verify conclusions drawn by using WordSmith Tools 6.0 (Scott 2013) and a much larger corpus of nearly eight million words. Correlation was found between the results of the two analyses, indicating that qualitative results could be extrapolated to larger samples to some degree.
Analysis of parameters on author attribution of Spanish electronic short texts
Authors: Crespo Mario
Published: June 2019

Forensic Linguistics is the analysis of the language which is related to law, either as evidence or as legal discourse. Authorship attribution is the task of identifying the author of a document when the language is used as evidence in a courtroom, so it will be of interest to police investigators and the wider judicial process. Recent advances in Forensic Linguistics are related to the analysis of texts coming from emails, social networks and messages coming from mobile phones. This work continues previous research and explores how different classification algorithms, the size of the text and the type of linguistic feature used in authorship attribution may affect the results in the authorship attribution of Spanish short messages on online forums. Important differences in precision have been assessed when varying both the size of the texts investigated and the algorithms used for classification.
Hunting for Post-Auxiliary Ellipsis in a parsed corpus of English
Authors: Gandón-Chapela Evelyn
Published: June 2019

Despite the existence of a great number of studies that have analysed ellipsis from a theoretical point of view, only recently has it been studied empirically using corpora (Hardt 1997; Hardt and Rambow 2001; Nielsen 2005; Bos and Spenader 2011). These corpus studies have tried to discover new methods and algorithms for the automatic detection and retrieval of ellipsis in Present-Day English. In this paper, I extend these studies by presenting an automatic retrieval algorithm for cases of Post-Auxiliary Ellipsis in Late Modern English (1700–1914), using data from the Penn Parsed Corpus of Modern British English.
Corpus evidence for a discipline-specific phraseological approach to academic vocabulary
Authors: Rees Geraint Paul
Published: June 2019

This study examines the validity of the rationale underlying recent trends towards discipline-specific and phraseological approaches to vocabulary selection for English for Academic Purposes (EAP) courses. It examines the behaviour of Coxhead’s (2000) New Academic Wordlist (AWL) using a 2,795,031 word corpus compiled from journal articles taken from the disciplines of History, Microbiology, and Management Studies. A two-stage method of analysis is employed. Firstly, coverage statistics for all AWL word families and their members are compared across the History, Microbiology, and Management Studies sub-corpora. This suggests difference in language use across disciplines. This difference is investigated further in a second stage of analysis which employs the Sketch Engine (Kilgarriff et al. 2004) Word Sketch Difference tool and Corpus Pattern Analysis (Hanks 2004) techniques to examine the collocational behaviour of a sample of 57 AWL headwords across the three sub-corpora. The results demonstrate that a large number of the AWL words have discipline- specific meanings, and that these meanings are conditioned by the syntagmatic context of the AWL item.
The School Readiness of 60-65 Months Old Students: A Case Study
Authors: ASLAN  Mecit , Çıkar İbrahim
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study is to determine the school readiness of the 60-65 months first grade primary school students. The study was designed in accordance with qualitative case study. The participants of the study was composed of 20 teachers and 15 parents in Van/Turkey provincial districts in the 2017-2018 academic year. Semi-structured interview forms and an observation form were used as data collection tools in the study. Descriptive analysis was used in the analysis of the obtained data. As a result of the study, it was found that the students who start primary school in the age range of 60-65 months were not ready to start school and had difficulty in physical, emotional, cognitive and psycho-social readiness. In addition, this group falls behind the students in the 66-72 months in each of these areas.
Risk Factors for Overweight and Obesity among Children and Adolescents in Bangladesh: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Hossain Monira , Zannat Ismot Ara , Begum Suraiya , Rahman Shahana
Published: June 2019

Background: Childhood obesity is becoming an epidemic globally as well as in Bangladesh. Although several risk factors are identified for overweight or obesity, limited studies have been done in our country. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in Bangladesh.

Methodology: It was a cross sectional study done in children, aged 5 to 16 years, attending the Paediatric Endocrine Clinic and Paediatric Outpatient Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka over a period of 18 months. Overweight and obese children as well as normal weight children were selected after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were classified as case (overweight/obese) and control (normal weight) according to the Center‘s’ for Disease Control and Prevention age and sex specific growth chart. Among a total of 150 children 100 were cases and 50 were controls.

Results: Majority of children in both the groups were male. Among cases 77% were obese and 23% were overweight. Analyzing the risk factors, it was found that first issue had 2.66 times, watching TV >3 hr had 4.47 times, breast feeding <6 month had 4.16 times, daily more caloric intake (approx.) had 17.36 times and maternal BMI >24.9 had 2.70 times increased risk to develop obesity.

Conclusion: The first issue, excess television watching, lack of exclusive breast feeding, excess calorie intake and having overweight/obese mother had higher risk to develop overweight or obesity in children and adolescents.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (1) :9-14
Pattern and Frequency of Anti-nuclear Antibody Positivity in Paediatric Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Islam Mohammad Imnul , Laila Kamrul , Rahman Shahana A
Published: June 2019

Background: Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs) are specific antibodies directed against a variety of nuclear antigens detected in the serum of patients with many rheumatic and non-rheumatic diseases.These antibodies are not only involved in the pathogenesis, but also constitute the basis for diagnosis and treatment of paediatric rheumatic diseases. The objective of the study was to identify the patterns and frequency of ANA positivity in Paediatric Rheumatic Diseases.

Methodology: It was a retrospective study. Fourteen hundred and sixty eight records of paediaric rheumatology patients were analyzed. Statistical analysis were done to observe the frequency and association of different patterns of ANA in Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

Results: Among the 1468 patients of PRDs, frequency of JIA cases was the highest (65 %) followed by SLE, Scleroderma, juvenile dermatomyositis, and others. Among the 261 PRD patients ANA positivity was 65%. ANA positivity was 100%, 92%, 40% and 31.5% in Mixed connective tissue disease, SLE, JDM and Scleroderma patients respectively. Homogenous staining pattern was found in 59% and speckled pattern in 22.9%. There was significant association between ANA positivity and uveitis in oligoarticular JIA patients. Significant association was also found between homogeneous patterns of ANA and renal involvement in SLE patients.

Conclusion: ANA positivity was highest in MCTD cases followed by SLE cases. Majority of SLE cases had homogeneous pattern of ANA.Staining patterns of ANA had significant association with the clinical manifestations in SLE and JIA cases.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (1) :21-26
Protein enriched breakfast meal from sweet potato and African yam bean mixes
Authors: Babarinde GO , Adeyanju JA , Omogunsoye AM
Published: June 2019

Protein malnutrition is common in the developing countries due to gross intake of foods high in carbohydrate and lipids. Fortification and diversification of food crops are key players in reducing protein malnutrition and the associated health risks. This research evaluated nutritional components of breakfast food obtained from mixes of Sweet potato (SP) and African yam bean (AYB). SP and AYB were pressure cooked using autoclave at 121oC for 10 and 60 minutes, respectively. Blends of SP and AYB at 100:0, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, and 70:30 were used to produce a tasty and ready-to-eat breakfast food. Products were analyzed for proximate compositions. Physical and sensory attributes of the products were evaluated. Significant (p<0.05) higher protein (5.10-8.83%), fat (0.49-0.84%) and ash (2.33-2.84%) values were observed in samples with inclusion of AYB than meal produced from 100% SP. The physical properties of ready-to-eat meal blended with AYB revealed substantial values in the bulk density (0.86-1.00%), swelling index (5.03-6.77%), water absorption (3.80-5.20%) and fat absorption (1.00-1.27%) capacities. Sample with 15% AYB inclusion had higher scores for taste, colour, flavour, and overall acceptability by panellists when compared with other fortified samples. The formulated food has increased protein contents with good functional and sensory attributes.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(2), 125-130, 2019
Stimulating effect of fermented ginseng leaf saponin on the differentiation and mineralization of murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells
Authors: Huq MA , Siddiqi MH , Kim YJ , Akter S , Yang DC
Published: June 2019

In this study, abundant ginseng leaf saponins were converted into minor ginsenosides that havemore pharmacological efficacy via fermentation process using recombinant β-glucosidase (bgp1). This fermented product was used to investigate the stimulatory effect on differentiation and mineralization of murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. All major ginsenosides which areavailable in ginseng leaf were biotransformed into more pharmacologically active minor ginsenosides within a short time of incubation. The results showed that 100% of ginsenoside Rd, Rg1and Re were decomposed and transformed to Rg3, Rh1and Rg2, respectively within 03 (three) hours of incubation. Ginseng leaf saponin contains 17.1% Rg1, 44.9% Re, 10.8% Rd, 4.8% Rb1, 5.7% Rb2, 6.9% Rc,2.7% Rg2, and 6.8% F1 ginsenoside. But after fermentation, the products contain mostly pharmacological active minor ginsenosides including 42.2% Rg2, 13.7% Rg3, 8.8% Rh1, 4.9% F1 and 3.6% PPT ginsenosides. Moreover, we investigated and compared the effect of leaf saponins (LS) and fermented leaf saponins (FLS), on the differentiation and mineralization of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Treatment with FLS remarkably enhanced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. FLS notably stimulated the ALP activity, Coll-I synthesis and mineralization ability of MC3T3-E1 cells. Based on the comparison between LS and FLS, it is clear that FLS has good effect on differentiation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and bone formation. Therefore, bgp1-fermented ginseng leaf saponins could be a novel treatment for osteoporosis prevention.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(2), 147-154, 2019
In vitro quality evaluation of metformin hydrochloride tablets marketed in Addis Ababa
Authors: Kassahun H , Asres K , Ashenef A
Published: June 2019

In this study, an attempt was made to assess quality as well as pharmaceutical equivalence of six brands of metformin hydrochloride tablets marketed in Addis Ababa using in vitro methods. Friability, disintegration, dissolution and assay for the content of active ingredients were evaluated using the methods described in the United States pharmacopeia (2007). All the brands of metformin hydrochloride tablets complied with the official specification for hardness, friability, disintegration and assay. Five brands of metformin hydrochloride complied with the USP dissolution tolerance limits but Metformin Denk failed to release the stated amount. Statistical comparison for in vitro drug release indicates that some of the products of metformin hydrochloride tablets showed significant difference (P<0.05), indicating difference in their in vitro drug release that might affect the in vivo bioavailability and the bioequivalence of the products.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(2), 169-176, 2019
Polyglutamine Diseases after Genetic Analysis in Patients Clinically Diagnosed as Parkinson’s Disease in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Siddiqur , Sarker Md Abu Sayeed , Rahman Md Fashiur , Toda T , Kabir Mohommad Humayun , Uddin Md Jalal , Jahan Nusrat
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are Huntington's Disease (HD), Dentatorubropallidoluysian Atrophy (DRPLA), Spinobulbar Muscle Atrophy (SBMA) and the Spinocerebellar Ataxias (SCA) type 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 17. These diseases are characterized by an expansion of the CAG-trinucleotide repeat region in the respective disease-related genes.

Objective: To find out Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases by genetic analysis from those patients presenting with Parkinsonism in the Neurology department of Mymensingh Medical College hospital.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 7 healthy people and 9 patients of Neurology Department, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital in 2010. 5ml blood was collected from each individual by venipuncture. The complaints of patients along with physical and/or psychological findings, family history including demographic data were recorded with a questionnaire by the neurologists of Hospital. Informed consents from the patients were taken and ethical clearance sought as well. Extraction of genomic DNA from the venous blood using FlexiGene DNA kit (Qiagen, Japan) was performed in Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The extracted DNA was stored, accumulated and were sent to Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka 565 0871, Japan for PCR and further analysis up to amplification.

Results: HD PCR products reveal the DNA product of about 110bp (no. of CAG repeats=21) to 150bp (no. of CAG repeats=34) in both healthy individual and patient repeats=36). SCA2 PCR products reveal the DNA products of about 150 bp (no. of CAG repeats=23) except one patient and it was 175bp (no. of CAG repeats=30). SCA3 PCR product size of both healthy individual and patient DNA was within about 250 (no. of CAG=11) to 300 bp (no. of CAG repeats=28) except one patient which was about 320bp and its CAG repeats was about 34. SCA6 PCR product size of both healthy individual and patient DNA was about 150bp (no. of CAG=16). DRPLA PCR product size of healthy individual and patients DNA was about 142 (no. of CAG repeats=19) to 165bp (no. of CAG repeats=27) except one healthy individual DNA which was about 205 bp and its CAG repeat was 40.

Conclusion: Genetic analysis and PCR has been an important tool to visualize the root cause of the diseasesthe CAG repeat can facilitate a definitive clue to address Poly Q diseases.This is so far first time study in Bangladesh on the range of CAG repeats in patients as well as healthy individual.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 44-49
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Khan Fatema Zerin , Sultana Syeda Papia , Mullick Mohammad SI , Akhter Nargis
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Oxidative stress has been assumed to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Increased oxidative stress is the result of either an increased production of free radicals or a depletion of the endogenous antioxidants.

Objective: To assess the levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in schizophrenia.

Materials and Methods: This observational study was carried out in the department of Pharmacology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from September 2013 to January 2015. Ninety three schizophrenia patients were enrolled as study group and 30 healthy indivuduals were taken as control group. The peripheral levels of several molecules associated with oxidative stress namely malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and anti-oxidant status like plasma levels of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) in 93 patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy participants were assessed.

Results: Study found that the schizophrenia group presented substantially higher levels of oxidative stress than the control group, as revealed by elevated quantities of the pro-oxidant MDA (6.3±0.5μmol/L in study group and 2.1±0.5μmol/L in control group), decreased levels of the antioxidants GSH (0.6±0.2mg/gm of Hb in study group and 2.1±0.5mg/gm of Hb in control group), plasma α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid. Results found were highly significant (p=0.001).

Conclusion: In schizophrenia there are increased level of oxidative stress and decreased level of the antioxidants.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 40-43
Experiences in the Management of Choledochal Cyst in Pediatric Patients in a Tertiary Care Center of Bangladesh Armed Forces
Authors: Nessa Meherun , Khan Shams ud Din Elias
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Choledochal cyst (CC) is a rare congenital abnormality of the biliary tract, for which there is no standardized surgical treatment. If left untreated it may cause bile duct (BD) obstruction to cholangiocarcinoma. For the commonest type of Choledochal cyst (Type I and IV) the treatment is surgery, although, the reconstruction technique of the BD has no gold standard.

Objective: To assess the outcome of surgical treatment of choledochal cyst in pediatric cases in 8 years period in CMH Dhaka, a tertiary referral hospital of Bangladesh Armed Forces.

Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Paediatric Surgery at CMH Dhaka on 20 children of under 10 years having choledocal cysts. The study period was from March 2006 to February 2014.

Results: Total of twenty patients aged 3 years to 10 years was included in the study. Out of them 14(70%) were females and 6(30%) were males. Fifteen (75%) patients presented with recurrent abdominal pain, 14(70%) with recurrent jaundice, 4(20%) patients with abdominal mass as initial symptoms. Twelve (60%) patients were diagnosed by Ultrasonogram (USG), rests were by Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) and Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). Eighteen patients presented with type 1 choledochal cyst and 2 of them had type IV choledochal cyst. All the patients were submitted to cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Among them one patient required refashioning of anastomotic site to treat bile leakage.

Conclusion: Early diagnosis and referral is essential to prevent complications and grave consequences and prognosis of these cases after surgery is good.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 117-121
Sacrococcygeal Teratoma in Children- Experience in a Tertiary Military Hospital
Authors: Khan Shams ud Din Elias , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Parveen Zinia , Nessa Meherun
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is the most common solid tumour found in neonates. Most SCTs are reported in neonates and children, but SCTs are found in adults also. SCTs occur more commonly in females than males. If not detected antenatally, clinical features at birth are prominent in most cases as a palpable or visible mass. Surgery is the principal mode of treatment. The standard treatment for SCT with malignant elements is surgery and chemotherapy.

Objective: To share the experience with sacrococcygeal teratoma, the most common tumour found in newborn in a tertiary military hospital.

Materials and Methods: This observational study was carried out in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, CMH Dhaka during the period of January 2010 to December 2015. During the study period a total of 6 neonates with SCT were admitted in this hospital that were included in the study.

Results: The age of the patients ranged from 3 days to 1 month. Out of them 5(83.33%) were female, 1(16.67%) was male with a female to male ratio of 5:1. Four neonates (66.67%) had type-I and 2(33.33%) had type II SCT. They were not diagnosed antenatally. All presented in neonatal period and were operated as elective cases. Five neonates (83.33%) were born by normal vaginal delivery and one (16.67%) was born by Caesarean section due to cervical dystocia. All patients had elevated alpha fetoprotein (AFP). Posterior sacral approach was sufficient in all the cases and histopathology revealed benign lesion. There was no perioperative death but 1 patient (16.67%) developed malignant recurrence within 1st year and 1 patient (16.67%) developed neurogenic bladder with bilateral hydronephrosis.

Conclusion: SCTs are rare tumours that occur most frequently in neonates. Antenatal diagnosis is possible in many cases in this modern era. Follow up of cases after surgery should not only the look out for tumour recurrence, it includes the management of possible secondary urinary and/or bowel incontinence.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 17-21
Outcome of Thyroid Surgery without Drainage Tube- A Study of 60 Cases
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Kamal , Asaduzzaman AKM , Islam Md Tauhidul , Khan Ahsanuzzaman , Shaid Md Shamim Bin , Bhuiyan Md Rokan Uddin , Rabbani Mohammad Gloam
Published: June 2019

Introduction: The use of a negative suction drainage tube in the neck in thyroid surgery is a common practice in order to avoid hematoma or seroma or other complication. It is associated with neck discomfort, post operative neck pain, delayed ambulation, longer hospital stay and ugly scar formation.

Objective: To determine the advantages and safety of thyroid surgery without negative suction drainage tube.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out from September 2015 to May 2017 in the Department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Kurmitola General Hospital, Dhaka Cantonment and Azmol and Life Aid General Hospital, Mirpur, Dhaka. A total of 60 patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy or hemithyroidectomy for thyroid disorders without drainage tube were included in this study. Patients with previous thyroid surgery, retrosternal goiter or malignant diseases of thyroid requiring neck dissection, undifferentiated thyroid cancer patients and those undergoing anticoagulant therapy were excluded from this study. Data were collected and recorded in a structured case report form. Data were processed and analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.

Results: Hospital staying was shorter for 50 patients out of 60 and 83.34% patients were discharged on the 2nd postoperative day. The time of mobility of patient was shorter and 66.66% patients became ambulated from bed after 11-14 hours. Complication was less and only 11 patients developed different type of complications.

Conclusion: Thyroid surgery can be done safely and perfectly without negative suction drainage tube in the neck with a shorter period of hospital stay, early ambulation, fewer complications and morbidities. However, the drain should be used in the presence of large dead space, particularly when there is a huge multinodular goiter or intrathoracic extension or when the patient is on anticoagulant or anti-platelet treatment.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 62-65
Incidence and Complications of Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy: A Retrospective Study at Maternal and Child Health Training Institute, Dhaka
Authors: Jahan Rowshan Hosne
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH) is a major surgical venture performed in the setting of life threatening hemorrhage during or immediately after abdominal and vaginal deliveries. In developing countries, 8-10% of maternal mortality directly occurs due to massive obstetrical hemorrhage. Most common indication for emergency peripartum hysterectomy has been uterine atony and uterine rupture. The decision to perform an emergency hysterectomy on a young woman especially one with low parity poses a dilemma for the obstetrician particularly in our society.

Objective: To estimate incidence, indications and postoperative complications associated with emergency hysterectomy at Maternal and Child Health Training Institute (MCHTI), Azimpur, Dhaka.

Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study and registration numbers of all women who underwent emergency peripartum hysterectomy were indentified. With the numbers, the case notes were retrieved from the medical records department for in-depth study. Information abstracted included the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients, indications for the hysterectomy, type of hysterectomy performed, booking status of patients, mode of delivery, gestational age at delivery and maternal outcome were recorded in a pre-designed data form. The data were analyzed using simple proportion, rates and tables.

Results: There were 18 cases of emergency peripartum hysterectomies performed during the study period of January 2011 to December 2013 (incidence 1.26/1000 deliveries). Commonest age of the middle group was 29-34 years. Ruptured uterus was the commonest indication (9 cases, 50%) and other indications were uterine atony/ PPH (8 cases, 44.44%), placenta praevia (1 case, 5.56%). Subtotal abdominal hysterectomy was done in 17(94.44%) cases whereas total abdominal hysterectomy in 01(5.56%) cases. This emergency procedure was associated with significant number of intraoperative and postoperative complications, However maternal and perinatal outcome was satisfactory.

Conclusion: EPH remains an essential life saving procedure and its incidence continues to remain high in our community when compared with developed countries. Effective antenatal care, identification of patients at risk, enhancement of blood transfusion facilities together with improvement of surgical skills are important to reduce the incidence of peripartum hysterectomy as well as morbidity and mortality.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 106-110
Short Course versus Standard Course Antibiotic Treatment for Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Amin Tahsinul , Nur Ayesha Najma
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality and often requires prompt empiric treatment. However, only a minority of babies who receive antibiotics for suspected sepsis have an infection. Antimicrobial exposure in infancy has important short-term and long-term consequences. There is no consensus regarding empirical antimicrobial regimens.

Objective: To compare efficacy and benefits of short course (5 days) over the standard course (7 days) antibiotic treatment for neonatal sepsis.

Materials and Methods: The study was a randomized controlled trial done in the neonatal ward in a tertiary level hospital comprising total 100 term neonates equally divided in to two groups by randomization where Group-I (5 days antibiotic therapy) was compared against Group-II (7 days antibiotic therapy) in clinical recovery, hospital stay, morbidity such as seizure, developmental delay etc and mortality.

Results: The study results showed that both the Group-I and Group-II were comparable in baseline clinical data and predisposing factors; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups in clinical features e.g. hypotonia (24% vs 26%, p>0.05), poor primitive reflexes (46% vs 52%, p>0.05), temperature instability (34% vs 28%, p>0.05), feeding intolerance (16% vs 14%, p>0.05), apnea / respiratory distress (28% vs 34%, p>0.05) and in clinical outcome e.g. hospital stay (5.24±0.78 vs 7.86±0.42, p>0.05), recovery (86% vs 90%, p>0.05), death (14% vs 10%, p>0.05), seizure disorder (8% vs 6%, p>0.05) and developmental delay (6% vs 4%, p>0.05).

Conclusion: This study showed that there was no significant difference between the study groups in clinical outcome, however, short course antibiotic (5 days) is equally effective but economically more beneficial to standard course antibiotic (7 days) therapy for neonatal sepsis.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 124-127
Large for Gestational Age Babies Born To Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Mothers
Authors: Halim AKM Yunus , Huda Syed Nazmul , Ahmed Luthfor , Begum Shireen , Banu Laila Arjumand
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Foetal growth and development is a complex process that involves the interrelationship among the mother, placenta and fetus. Both high and low birth weight infants are associated with the highest prevalence of diabetes. Women with diabetes are at greater risks, because of their pregnancy related complications.

Objective: To compare the characteristics of groups of LGA (large for gestational age) babies born to prediabetic mothers (DM) and gestational diabetic mothers (GDM) with control infants born to apparently healthy non-diabetic mothers (NDM).

Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 251 newborn-mother pairs (n: DM=86; GDM=86 and NDM=79) recruited from the Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Dhaka. Detailed anthropometric measurements of infants were taken at birth in the hospital. LGA babies had birth weights greater than the 90th percentile for their gestational age for sex and SGA (small for gestational age) babies usually had birth weights below the 10th percentile for babies of the same gestational age for sex.

Results: Only 10(11.6%) babies were found LGA in the GDM group as opposed to 3 each for DM and NDM group. There was a significant group difference in the incidences of SGA babies. Around 16% to 18% were there in the DM and GDM groups, as opposed to much higher rate (30.4%) in the NDM group.

Conclusion: Newborns from both DM and GDM groups showed greater values compared to that of the NDM group in all anthropometric measures except length and head circumference suggesting intrauterine growth acceleration in them.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 117-123
Successful Outcome of Pregnancy with Addison’s Disease & Hypothyroidism
Authors: Nahar Nargis , Ara Iffat
Published: June 2019

Hypocortisolism or hypoadrenalism is well known as Addison’s disease which is a long term endocrine disorder. In pregnancy it requires much awareness and attention of treating physicians. Early diagnosis, adequate supplement of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid and fetal surveillance through regular antenatal checkup is essential for pregnant ladies with Addison’s disease. Patients should be counselled appropriately regarding medication, life-style and precautions to be taken in case of infection, operational exposure or any other stress.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 134-137
Clinical and Endoscopic Profile of Patients with Upper Gastro-Intestinal Bleeding (UGIB)
Authors: Perveen Irin , Hasan Md Quamrul , Mosabbir Md Abu
Published: June 2019

Background: Upper gastro-intestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Prevalence as well as mortality is higher in elderly persons above sixty years because of increasing use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and associated comorbidity. Conventionally upper GI bleeding is divided as variceal and nonvariceal sources and the treatment protocol varies accordingly. There are limited data regarding UGIB in our country.

Objective: This observational study was designed to delineate the clinical and endoscopic profile of patients with UGIB in our country.

Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was done in the Department of Gastroenterology in Enam Medical College & Hospital during the period of 2014–2017. Patients with UGIB were followed until discharge or death. Patients were subjected to upper GI endoscopy, preferably within the first 24 hours. Clinical and endoscopic data of 131 patients were compiled and analyzed in this study. The data were analysed using SPSS version 21.0.

Results: Among the 131 final participants 101 were male and 30 were female. Mean age of the patients was 43.65 ± 18.63 years. Patients mostly presented with both haematemesis and melaena (66, 50.4% patients), 33.6% with haematemesis only, and 16% patients with melaena only. The most common endoscopic finding was duodenal and or gastric ulcer (57); next common lesions were gastric/duodenal erosions (23), oesophageal varices (13), oesophageal erosions/ulcers (10), corrosive burn (10) and carcinoma (7). Forty patients had history of NSAID intake and gastric/duodenal ulcer and/erosions were the most frequent lesions among them (27). One patient with oesophageal varices died due to rebleeding.

Conclusion: In our study peptic ulcer-related bleeding is the most common cause of UGIB. A significant proportion of UGIB is due to corrosive burn (harpic) emphasizing the need for public awareness. Mortality was due to rebleeding.

J Enam Med Col 2019; 9(2): 78-83
Leukemia Cutis in a 32-Year-Old Male with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Afsun Meher , Uddin Rokon , Baker Md Abu , Ahmed Iftekhar
Published: June 2019

Leukemia cutis (LC) is a rare cutaneous manifestation of leukemia. Clinical presentation of the disease differs among patients depending on types. LC can precede, follow, occur simultaneously with, or present in the absence of the systemic leukemia. Leukemic involvement of the skin may appear as initial manifestation of recurrence or dissemination of systemic disease. Here we report a case of a 32-year-old male patient known to have acute myeloid leukemia with multiple cutaneous lesions diagnosed as LC.

J Enam Med Col 2019; 9(2): 133-135
Bithalamic Infarct ― Sequel of Vein of Galen and Internal Cerebral Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Mosharraf Shafayat Bin Mollah
Published: June 2019

Abstract not available

J Enam Med Col 2019; 9(2): 140-142
Administrasi Publikasi Online MGMP SMK Malang
Authors: Ardian Yusriel , Qamar Kawakibul
Published: June 2019

Pengembangan Keprofesian Berkelanjutan (PKB) adalah konsekuensi dari guru sebagai profesi. Guru sebagai profesi mempunyai fungsi, peran, dan kedudukan yang sangat penting dalam menciptakan insan Indonesia cerdas dan komptetitif. Masih terlihat adanya kelemahan dari guru untuk melakukan publikasi ilmiah, yang disebabkan kurangnya keterampilan guru-guru untuk dalam mengelola artikel ilmiah sebagai hasil dari tulisan karya tulis ilmiah. Untuk itu diperlukan usaha untuk meningkatkan keterampilan guru yang dikolaborasikan dengan pengembangan diri dan karya inovatif sebagai bagian PKB dengan indikasi sudah dilaksanakan dengan baik. Permasalahan yang dihadapi guru di sekolah adalah: (a) Keterampilan guru untuk menjadi operator masih rendah, (b) Kegiatan peningkatan kompetensi di sekolah tidak menyentuh aspek keterampilan komputer sebagai bagian dari administrator publikasi online, (c) Dana kegiatan masih mengacu pada hal administratif sehingga kegiatan sangat sulit dilakukan, (d) Kesulitan dalam mendatangkan pihak kompeten untuk meningkatkan kompetensi administrasi publikasi online karena keterbatasan pengetahuan dan relasi terhadap instruktur. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah (a) kesiapan dalam mempublikasikan artikel karya tulis ilmiah, (b) Handout yang dapat diimbaskan kepada guru lain, (c) Pendampingan selama kurang lebih 3 bulan