bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The uptake of evidence‐informed guidelines for reporting suicide into media codes of practice and policies in Australia
Authors: Skehan Jaelea , Paton Elizabeth , Tynan Ross
Published: December 2019

Issue addressed

Despite different models and frameworks for effective suicide prevention, a universal intervention that is consistently highlighted is the need for responsible and safe media reporting of suicide. This is based on evidence of an association between media reporting of suicide and subsequent suicidal behaviour. This study examines the extent to which media‐led policies and codes of practice in Australia have integrated and aligned with evidence‐informed recommendations about reporting suicide.

Methods

An online search of Australian media agency websites was used to identify codes of practice or similar guidance for news reporting. Content analysis was conducted on all identified documents, assessing alignment with 16 key recommendations from the Mindframe media guidelines for reporting on suicide.

Results

A total of 17 documents across 12 media agencies were identified. Ten of the 12 agencies provided specific advice about the reporting of suicide, with all agencies that issue codes of practice or editorial policies including between two and 10 recommendations aligned with the Mindframe guidelines.

Conclusions

While the results of this study are positive, significant variation between media agencies shows that there are opportunities to enhance adoption and implementation of evidence‐informed guidance for media professionals in Australia.

So what?

With over 3000 people dying by suicide and over 60 000 people attempting suicide each year in Australia, the prevention of suicide remains a key public health priority requiring a multi‐sector and health‐in‐all‐policies approach. This study reveals that there is a strong platform for ongoing collaboration with the Australian media to ensure safe and sensitive coverage of suicide.
Homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions in flow past a horizontal circular cylinder with an induced magnetic field and nonlinear thermal radiation
Authors: Oyelakin Ibukun Sarah , Sibanda P.
Published: December 2019

In this study, we investigate the steady, two‐dimensional, incompressible viscous boundary layer flow of an electrically conducting Casson fluid over a horizontal circular cylinder. The cylinder is impermeable and the flow is assumed to be subject to homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions. The homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions are also assumed to have unequal diffusion coefficients. The novelty in this study is in the consideration of a nonlinear radiative flux together with Joule heating and an induced magnetic field. The magnetodynamic pressure gradient in induced magnetic flows is important as it gives insights into the boundary layer characteristics. The flow velocity and the magnetic field in the free stream are assumed to be uniform and directed vertically over the cylinder. The partial differential equations are solved using the bivariate spectral quasi‐linearization method. An analysis and comparison of results with existing literature are provided. Among the findings, we show, inter alia, that the reactants dominate while the autocatalysts have a negligible impact on the flow progression. The skin friction coefficient decreases with an increase in the Casson parameter and increases when the Joule heating parameter is increased. The rate of heat transfer increases with increasing the Casson parameter and decreases when the Joule heating parameter is increased.
Predicting the mechanical response of the vaginal wall in ball burst tests based on histology
Authors: Ferreira João P. S. , Rynkevic Rita , Martins Pedro A. L. S. , Parente Marco P. L. , Famaey Nele M. , Deprest Jan , Fernandes António A.
Published: December 2019

A histologically motivated (HM) coefficient that establishes a link between tissue's microstructure and material model through histological data is used in the prediction of the mechanical properties of vaginal tissue that is subjected to multiaxial loading conditions. Therefore, the material parameters were based on an HM coefficient obtained from tensile testing and histological data of comparable tissues. Uniaxial tensile test data and histological data were collected from three groups of sheep at different time points in their life cycle, including virgins, pregnant, and parous ewes. From this data, a correlation between material parameters and histological data was obtained. Spherical indentation (ball burst [BB]) tests were then performed in specimens with similar tissue structure. The histological data of these samples were used in conjunction with the correlations already established for the uniaxial samples data, to define the material parameters of the BB samples. Mechanical properties of the BB specimens were predicted through basic histology and using finite element modeling (FEM) simulations, without direct mechanical measurements. The predicted force and displacement values of the FEM simulation displayed a good correlation with the experimental (BB) testing results. No fitting of the BB results was performed. In this way, the use of uniaxial tests coupled with useful histological information offers a promising approach to predicting macroscopic material behavior under multiaxial loading conditions in biomechanics.
Bio‐conjugation of platelet‐rich plasma and alginate through carbodiimide chemistry for injectable hydrogel therapies
Authors: Growney Emily A. , Linder Houston R. , Garg Koyal , Bledsoe J. Gary , Sell Scott A.
Published: December 2019

Alginate is a highly tailorable, biocompatible polymer whose properties can be tuned to mimic the properties of native nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is a highly accessible, inexpensive, and readily available mix of pro‐regenerative factors. By functionalizing alginate with PRP, a mechanically optimized, bioactive alginate NP analogue may stimulate NP cells to proliferate and accumulate matrix over a longer period of time than if the PRP were solely encapsulated within the hydrogel. In this study, PRP was chemically bound to alginate using carbodiimide chemistry and mechanically, physically, and cytologically compared to plain alginate as well as alginate containing free‐floating lyophilized PRP. The alginates were mechanically and physically characterized; PRP‐conjugated alginate had similar mechanical properties to controls and had the benefit of retained PRP proteins within the hydrogel. Human nucleus pulposus cells (hNPCs) were seeded within the modified alginates and cultured for 14 days. Quantification data of glycosaminoglycans suggests that PRP‐incorporated alginate has the potential to increase ECM production within the characterized alginate constructs, and that PRP‐functionalized alginate can retain protein within the hydrogel over time. This is the first study to functionalize the milieu of PRP proteins onto alginate and characterize the mechanical and physical properties of the modified alginates. This study also incorporates hNPCs into the characterized PRP‐modified alginates to observe phenotypic maintenance when encapsulated within the in situ gelling constructs.
Volumetric facial contour changes of immediately placed implants with and without immediate provisionalization
Authors: Wang I‐Ching , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Kinney Janet , Wang Hom‐Lay
Published: December 2019

Background

Whether immediate provisionalization can preserve facial tissue contour remains undetermined. The goal of this 12‐month randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare three‐dimensional (3D) ridge changes after immediate implant placement with and without immediate provisionalization.

Methods

Forty participants with an unrestorable maxillary anterior or premolar tooth were randomized to receive either a provisional crown (test) or standard healing abutment (control) after immediate implant placement. In each participant, three digital models taken before implant surgery, final crown delivery (4 months), and final follow‐up (12 months) were registered to analyze linear deviation in 3D and volume changes of ridge contour at the implant site.

Results

The mean value of mid‐facial linear 3D spatial resorption ranged from 0.1 to 0.7 mm. Significant difference of linear changes of facial contour was noted over time and not between the groups. Facial volume changes at 12 months remained significantly higher in the control group than in the test group (17.4% versus 11.9%, P = 0.04).

Conclusions

Linear changes of facial soft‐tissue resorption at immediately placed implants were independent of immediate provisionalization. However, immediate provisionalization showed better volume preservation at the esthetic concern area (mid‐facial margin and 2 to 6 mm above) at the final 12‐month follow‐up.
The effect of total and individual alfalfa saponins on rumen methane production
Authors: Kozłowska Martyna , Cieślak Adam , Jóźwik Artur , El‐Sherbiny Mohamed , Stochmal Anna , Oleszek Wiesław , Kowalczyk Mariusz , Filipiak Weronika , Szumacher‐Strabel Małgorzata
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

Ten varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) were evaluated for saponin content. Two of the most promising varieties were chosen so that their effect on rumen fermentation and methane production could be studied. Initially, four Hohenheim gas tests (HGT) were performed to test the effect of increased levels of total saponin extracted from the two alfalfa cultivars (Kometa and Verko) – either as fresh material or ensiled – on the total bacteria, total protozoa, methane emission, and selected methanogenic population. Afterwards, seven particular saponins were extracted from fresh alfalfa of the Kometa variety and tested in 24 h batch fermentation culture experiments.

RESULTS

The ensiled forms of both the Verko and Kometa alfalfa varieties seem to be good sources of saponin, capable of reducing methane production (P< 0.05) without negatively affecting the basic fermentation parameters. Of the two evaluated varieties, Kometa was the most effective, and the saponins extracted from its roots 3‐Glc,28‐Glc Ma, medicagenic saponin, and 3‐Glu Ma showed the most evident effect (P= 0.0001). The most promising aerial alfalfa saponin in mitigating methane production was soysaponin I K salt (P= 0.0001). Three mixtures of saponins were tested and all were found to mitigate methane production; however, one mixture (MIX 1) did so only to a very small extent.

CONCLUSION

Saponins have been observed to have differing effects depending on their source; however, the mode of action of saponins depends on their direct or probable indirect effect on the microorganisms involved in methane production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of the mixture of mulberry leaf powder and KGM flour on promoting calcium absorption and bone mineral density in vivo
Authors: Deng Liling , Liu Dan , Zhang Qi , Luo Jinhua , Zhong Geng
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

In this paper, mulberry leaf powder (MLP) and konjac glucomannan (KGM) flour were used as raw materials, and animal experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of a mixture of MLP and KGM on bone density. The femoral bone microstructure of mice and pathological changes were observed by using micro‐computed tomography) and haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining methods, respectively. A three‐point bending test was used to determine the biomechanical properties of the femur.

RESULTS

Results indicated that the calcium content of MLP was high, reaching 16 148.5 mg kg−1, and the total proportion of water‐soluble calcium, calcium pectinate, and calcium carbonate accounted for about 60% of the total calcium content. Serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity was significantly lower, and serum calcium content was significantly higher (P < 0.05), in the MLP + KGM group (KM) than in the low‐calcium control group, whereas no significant difference (P > 0.05) was found for serum phosphorus content. KM had a longer femur length, a higher bone mineral density (BMD) (P > 0.05), and significantly greater femur diameter, dry weight, index and bone calcium content (P < 0.05). However, these parameters were not significantly different from those of the calcium carbonate control group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The results indicate that the MLP/KGM mixture can reduce the high rate of bone turnover and the corresponding loss of bone mass caused by calcium deficiency and is thus effective in enhancing bone density. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of handling effects on the permeability of preforms
Authors: Rolbiecki M. , Thoben K.‐D. , Richrath M.
Published: December 2019

Handling manipulations during the process chain of dry fibre preforms starting with the production of semi‐finished products, throughout the transport and storage until the build‐up, lead to mechanical stress on the textile structure. The knowledge of the relation between the stress in preforms caused by handling processes and their effect on the quality of the subsequent composite product could be of great importance for the development of automated solutions. The reduction of permissible requirements in the handling of textiles would lead to significantly simpler and thus more cost‐effective automation solutions. Using effects of defects methodology, impacts on preforms due to handling processes and the resulting permeability will be investigated. The analysis of the preforming process chain shows various visible effects as a result of handling and storage loads on textiles. One representative effect is a spherical shaped buckling within handled textile layers. Therefore the buckling will be used as a representative imperfection in this analysis. To create measurable imperfections textile samples will be impacted with a defined and reproducible load. Followed by the measurement of permeability during vacuum infusion of imperfect textile samples the relation between handling effects and the quality of preforms will be shown. In der Prozesskette zur Herstellung von Vorformen werden textile Halbzeuge durch zahlreiche Handhabungsprozesse belastet. Von zentraler Bedeutung ist hierbei die mechanische Beanspruchung der textilen Halbzeuge bei deren Handhabung und Lagerung während des Prozesses zur Herstellung der Vorform.
Analysis of fractional Swift‐Hohenberg equation using a novel computational technique
Authors: Veeresha Pundikala , Prakasha Doddabhadrappla Gowda , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: December 2019

In this paper, the approximated analytical solution for fractional Swift‐Hohenberg (S‐H) equation is found with the aid of novel technique called q‐homotopy analysis transform method (q‐HATM). To ensure the applicability and efficiency of the proposed algorithm, we consider non‐linear arbitrary‐order S‐H equation in presence and absence of dispersive term. The convergence analysis for the projected problem is presented, and the numerical simulations have been conducted to verify the future scheme is reliable and accurate. Further, the effect of bifurcation and dispersive parameters with physical importance on the probability density function for distinct fractional Brownian and standard motions are presented through plots. The obtained results elucidate that the proposed technique is easy to implement and very effective to analyse the complex problems that arose in science and technology.
In situ solid‐state NMR characterization of pharmaceutical materials: An example of drug‐polymer thermal mixing
Authors: Yin Jinglin , Huang Chengbin , Guan Hanxi , Pang Zhenfeng , Su Yongchao , Kong Xueqian
Published: December 2019

Pharmaceutical amorphous solid dispersions, a multicomponent system prepared by dispersing drug substances into polymeric matrix via thermal and mechanical processes, represent a major platform to deliver the poorly water‐soluble drug. Microscopic properties of drug‐polymer contacts play mechanistic roles in manipulating long‐term physical stability as well as dissolution profiles. Although solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance has been utilized as an indispensable tool to probe structural details, previous studies are limited to ex situ characterizations. Our work provides likely the first documented example to investigate comelting of ketoconazole and polyacrylic acid, as a model system, in an in situ manner. Their physical mixture is melted and mixed in the solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance rotor under magic angle spinning at up to approximately 400 K. Critical structural events of molecular miscibility and interaction have been successfully identified. These results design and evaluate the instrumental and experimental protocols for real‐time characterizations of the comelting of pharmaceutical materials.
First in‐vivo human imaging at 10.5T: Imaging the body at 447 MHz
Authors: He Xiaoxuan , Ertürk M. Arcan , Grant Andrea , Wu Xiaoping , Lagore Russell L. , DelaBarre Lance , Eryaman Yiğitcan , Adriany Gregor , Auerbach Eddie J. , Van de Moortele Pierre‐François , Uğurbil Kâmil , Metzger Gregory J.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of imaging the human torso and to evaluate the performance of several radiofrequency (RF) management strategies at 10.5T.

Methods

Healthy volunteers were imaged on a 10.5T whole‐body scanner in multiple target anatomies, including the prostate, hip, kidney, liver, and heart. Phase‐only shimming and spoke pulses were used to demonstrate their performance in managing the inhomogeneity present at 447 MHz. Imaging protocols included both qualitative and quantitative acquisitions to show the feasibility of imaging with different contrasts.

Results

High‐quality images were acquired and demonstrated excellent overall contrast and signal‐to‐noise ratio. The experimental results matched well with predictions and suggested good translational capabilities of the RF management strategies previously developed at 7T. Phase‐only shimming provided increased efficiency, but showed pronounced limitations in homogeneity, demonstrating the need for the increased degrees of freedom made possible through single‐ and multispoke RF pulse design.

Conclusion

The first in‐vivo human imaging was successfully performed at 10.5T using previously developed RF management strategies. Further improvement in RF coils, transmit chain, and full integration of parallel transmit functionality are needed to fully realize the benefits of 10.5T.
Long‐term real‐life adherence of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in over 400 patients
Authors: te Dorsthorst Manon J. , Heesakkers John P. F. A. , van Balken Michael R.
Published: December 2019

Background

Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) is used as a treatment to reduce the complaints of overactive bladder (OAB). Although it is rewarding therapy patients need maintenance treatment to preserve the beneficial effect.

Aim

This real‐life retrospective study was performed to assess the feasibility of PTNS adherence.

Materials & methods

All patients who underwent PTNS were retrospectively included. We analyzed the following: indication, kind of treatments (pharmacologic and third‐line therapy) before and after PTNS treatment, time and reason for quitting therapy. Statistical analysis was done by performing competitive‐risk analysis and Kaplan‐Meier curves. Patients were categorized into four groups. Group 1: all patients; group 2: all patients on maintenance PTNS therapy (continuing after 12 weeks); group 3: patients on maintenance PTNS therapy excluding the following: (a) patients with initial good response who seized treatment due to death, (b) patient who successfully switched to transcutaneous stimulation, (c) patients who were cured of their OAB symptoms, or (d) patients who relocated; and group 4: group 3 but excluding those who stopped treatment because of nonmedical reasons (physical strain, inconveniencies associated with visiting the hospital).

Results

Four‐hundred two patients (70% female) with a median age of 70 years underwent PTNS. Underlying treatment indications were: OAB‐wet (54%) and OAB‐dry (29%). The median follow‐up (FU) of group 1 was 4 months. Fifty‐seven percent (N = 228) of the patients received maintenance PTNS therapy. Median FU in group 4 was 46 months (range, 3‐111 months). Over 40% of the maintenance patients stopped PTNS because of logistic reasons and physical strain during an FU time of 6 years.

Conclusion

The real‐world data described here with is in line with earlier published work in terms of the success rate of OAB treatment. However, over 40% quit their therapy due to nonmedical reasons.
Radiation exposure during videourodynamic testing: Is dose reduction possible using a standardized protocol?
Authors: Hoffman Daniel , Sussman Rachael D. , Pape Dominique M. , Smilen Scott W. , Rosenblum Nirit , Nitti Victor W. , Brucker Benjamin M.
Published: December 2019

Aims

To evaluate the impact of a protocol for standardized image capture during video urodynamics (VUD) on radiation exposure. Secondly, to categorize radiation exposure by condition warranting VUD and to identify clinical variables that correlate with increased radiation exposure.

Methods

One hundred fifty patients underwent VUD using our standardized protocol. All images were taken using low dose and pulsed settings. Four images are captured: one scout image, one filling image, one voiding image, and one post‐void image. If the patient is unable to void with the catheter in place, the catheter is removed and a second image is taken during an attempt at unintubated flow. If vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is identified, an alternate protocol is entered to document parameters. The mean radiation exposure measured in dose area product (DAP), fluoroscopy time, and number of images were noted and compared with previously published fluoroscopy data collected at our institution before protocol implementation.

Results

The mean fluoroscopy exposure after the implementation of our protocol was 273.5 mGy/cm2 taking 5.2 images in 4.5 seconds. Protocol implementation leads to a 51.2% reduction in radiation exposure calculated by mean DAP (P < .0001) and a 96.5% reduction in fluoroscopy time (P < .0001). The presence of VUR, fluoroscopy time, and body mass index (BMI) > 25 were associated with higher radiation exposure (P < .0001).

Conclusion

Implementation and adherence to a standardized protocol for fluoroscopy led to a reduction in radiation exposure fluoroscopy time. The presence of VUR, fluoroscopy time, and BMI > 25 were associated with higher radiation exposure.
Myelin water imaging and R2* mapping in neonates: Investigating R2* dependence on myelin and fibre orientation in whole brain white matter
Authors: Weber Alexander Mark , Zhang Yuting , Kames Christian , Rauscher Alexander
Published: December 2019

R2* relaxation provides a semiquantitative method of detecting myelin, iron and white matter fibre orientation angles. Compared with standard histogram‐based analyses, angle‐resolved analysis of R2* has previously been shown to substantially improve the detection of subtle differences in the brain between healthy siblings of subjects with multiple sclerosis and unrelated healthy controls. Neonates, who are born with very little myelin and iron, and an underdeveloped connectome, provide researchers with an opportunity to investigate whether R2* is intimately linked with fibre‐angle or myelin content as it is in adults, which may in future studies be explored as a potential white matter developmental biomarker. Five healthy adult volunteers (mean age [±SD] = 31.2 [±8.3] years; three males) were recruited from Vancouver, Canada. Eight term neonates (mean age = 38.6 ± 1.2 weeks; five males) were recruited from the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University neonatal ward. All subjects were scanned on identical 3 T Philips Achieva scanners equipped with an eight‐channel SENSE head coil and underwent a multiecho gradient echo scan, a 32‐direction DTI scan and a myelin water imaging scan. For both neonates and adults, bin‐averaged R2* variation across the brain's white matter was found to be best explained by fibre orientation. For adults, this represented a difference in R2* values of 3.5 Hz from parallel to perpendicular fibres with respect to the main magnetic field. In neonates, the fibre orientation dependency displayed a cosine wave shape, with a small R2* range of 0.4 Hz. This minor relationship in neonates provides further evidence for the key role myelin probably plays in creating this fibre orientation dependence later in life, but suggests limited clinical application in newborn populations. Future studies should investigate fibre‐orientation dependency in infants in the first 5 years, when substantial myelin development occurs.
Bioinspired Healable Mechanochromic Function from Fluorescent Polyurethane Composite Film
Authors: Song Xiaoke , Wang Jun‐Peng , Song Yan , Qi Tao , Liang Li Guo
Published: December 2019

Camouflage and wound healing are two vital functions for cephalopods to survive from dangerous ocean risks. Inspired by these dual functions, herein, we report a new type of healable mechanochromic (HMC) material. The bifunctional HMC material consists of two tightly bonded layers. One layer is composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) for shielding. Another layer contains supramolecular hydrogen bonding polymers and fluorochromes for healing. The as‐synthesized HMC material exhibits a tunable and reversible mechanochromic function due to the strain‐induced surface structure of composite film. The mechanochromic function can be further restored after damage because of the incorporated healable polyurethane. The healing efficiency of the damaged HMC materials can even reach 98 % at 60 °C for 6 h. The bioinspired HMC material is expected to have potential applications in the information encryption and flexible displays.
Network structure of anticipatory pleasure and risk features: Evidence from a large college sample
Authors: Zhang Rui‐ting , Wang Yi , Yang Zhuo‐ya , Li Ying , Wang Yong‐ming , Cheung Eric F. C. , Shum David H. K. , Yang Tian‐Xiao , Barkus Emma J. , Chan Raymond C. K.
Published: December 2019

Investigating the relationship between anticipatory pleasure deficits and risk features of mental disorders not only theoretically benefits the understanding of anhedonia, but could also facilitate early detection and intervention of mental disorders. Using network analysis, the present study examined the pattern of relationship between anticipatory pleasure and risk features of schizophrenia spectrum, depressive, anxiety, autism spectrum, and obsessive–compulsive disorders in a large sample of college students (n = 2152). It was found that interpersonal features of schizotypal personality traits and poor social skills of autistic traits showed strong correlation with low social anticipatory pleasure. Depressive symptoms severity was weakly associated with reduced abstract anticipatory pleasure, while obsessive–compulsive traits were weakly associated with high contextual anticipatory pleasure. No significant correlation was found between anxiety symptoms severity and anticipatory pleasure. Social anticipatory pleasure had the highest strength centrality among all anticipatory pleasure components, while interpersonal features of schizotypal personality traits had the highest strength centrality in the whole network. Our findings suggest that impaired anticipatory pleasure, especially social anticipatory pleasure, is a particular feature of schizotypal personality traits and autistic traits. Our findings may have implications for intervention in that the social component may be a target to improve anhedonia in individuals with schizotypal and autistic traits, while interpersonal features may be a key treatment target given that it was central to the relationship between anticipatory pleasure and risk features.
Design proportional‐integral‐derivative/proportional‐derivative controls for second‐order time‐varying switched nonlinear systems
Authors: She Zhikun , Zhang Aijing , Lu Junjie , Hu Ruiqi , Sam Ge Shuzhi
Published: December 2019

Based on proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID)/PD controls, we in the article investigate the tracking problem of a class of second‐order time‐varying switched nonlinear systems. To start with, for tracking a given point under arbitrary switching signals, we propose a sufficient condition about PID controller parameters, which can be implicitly described as semialgebraic sets. Successively, we consider the tracking problem under average dwell time (ADT)‐based switching signals and propose an alternative sufficient condition about PID controller parameters. Especially, for tracking an equilibrium point of the system without controls, we can further simply utilize the proportional‐derivative control and similarly construct corresponding semialgebraic conditions about proportional‐derivative controller parameters under arbitrary switching signals and ADT‐based switching signals. Finally, two examples are given to show the applicability of our theoretical results.
Greening in nostalgia? How nostalgic traveling enhances tourists' proenvironmental behaviour
Authors: Wu Zhongda , Chen Yu , Geng Liuna , Zhou Lei , Zhou Kexin
Published: December 2019

Sustainable development has risen to hold a vital role in tourism research and practice, requiring a deep understanding of what factors could promote tourists' environmental behaviour. This research focuses on the sustainable development of tourism and aims to converge nostalgia, meaning in life, and the theory of planned behaviour to understand the factors influencing tourists' proenvironmental behaviour. A field study (n = 428) was conducted at a famous tourist destination in China. Structural equation modelling showed that nostalgia enhances tourists' proenvironmental behaviour through mediators including subjective attitude, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms, and meaning in life. This research illuminates the importance of nostalgia in the sustainable development of tourism, suggesting that tourism managers could use nostalgic elements to design effective programmes or policies in environmental practices.
Influence of Hot Hardness and Microstructure of High‐Alloyed Powder Metallurgical Tool Steels on Abrasive Wear Behavior at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Wulbieter Nils , Pöhl Fabian , Theisen Werner
Published: December 2019

Herein, the abrasive wear behavior of different high‐alloyed powder metallurgical (PM) tool steels is investigated at elevated temperatures (400–600 °C) in a dry‐pot wear tester containing Al2O3 particles. To identify the influence of the microstructure, PM tool steels with different hot hardnesses, carbide types, and carbide volume contents are selected. Wear tracks are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to clarify wear mechanisms. The results show that there is no direct correlation between wear resistance and only one material property such as hot hardness, carbide content, or carbide type. More important seems to be the best possible compromise between a sufficient hot hardness of the metallic matrix and a high volume content of carbides that are harder than the attacking abrasive particles at the respective temperature. When the test temperatures surpass the tempering temperature of the investigated steels, there is a pronounced change in wear behavior due to the stronger embedding of abrasive particles into the wear surface. It is thus necessary to discuss the microstructural properties as a function of temperature, considering interactions with the abrasive particles.
Electrochemical Sensors, a Bright Future in the Fabrication of Portable Kits in Analytical Systems
Authors: Karimi‐Maleh Hassan , Karimi Fatemeh , Alizadeh Marzieh , Sanati Afsaneh L.
Published: December 2019

Analysis of food, pharmaceutical, and environmental compounds is an inevitable issue to evaluate quality of the compounds used in human life. Quality of drinking water, food products, and pharmaceutical compounds is directly associated with human health. Presence of forbidden additives in food products, toxic compounds in water samples and drugs with low quality lead to important problems for human health. Therefore, attention to analytical strategy for investigation of quality of food, pharmaceutical, and environmental compounds and monitoring presence of forbidden compounds in materials used by humans has increased in recent years. Analytical methods help to identify and quantify both permissible and unauthorized compounds present in the materials used in human daily life. Among analytical methods, electrochemical methods have been shown to have more advantages compared to other analytical methods due to their portability and low cost. Most of big companies have applied this type of analytical methods because of their fast and selective analysis. Due to simple operation and high diversity of electroanalytical sensors, these types of sensors are expected to be the future generation of analytical systems. Therefore, many scientists and researchers have focused on designing and fabrication of electroanalytical sensors with good selectivity and high sensitivity for different types of compounds such as drugs, food, and environmental pollutants. In this paper, we described the mechanism and different examples of DNA, enzymatic and electro‐catalytic methods for electroanalytical determination of drug, food and environmental compounds.
Non-equilibrium steady states in quantum critical systems with Lifshitz scaling
Authors: Fernández Daniel , Rajagopal Aruna , Thorlacius Lárus
Published: December 2019

Abstract

We study out-of-equilibrium energy transport in a quantum critical fluid with Lifshitz scaling symmetry following a local quench between two semi-infinite fluid reservoirs. The late time energy flow is universal and is accommodated via a steady state occupying an expanding central region between outgoing shock and rarefaction waves. We consider the admissibility and entropy conditions for the formation of such a non-equilibrium steady state for a general dynamical critical exponent z in arbitrary dimensions and solve the associated Riemann problem. The Lifshitz fluid with z = 2 can be obtained from a Galilean boost invariant field theory and the non-equilibrium steady state is identified as a boosted thermal state. A Lifshitz fluid with generic z is scale invariant but without boost symmetry and in this case the non-equilibrium steady state is genuinely non-thermal.
Geospatial mapping and data linkage uncovers variability in outcomes of foot disease according to multiple deprivation: a population cohort study of people with diabetes
Authors: Hurst Joanne E. , Barn Ruth , Gibson Lesley , Innes Hamish , Bus Sicco A. , Kennon Brian , Wylie David , Woodburn James
Published: December 2019

Aims/hypothesis

Our aim was to investigate the geospatial distribution of diabetic foot ulceration (DFU), lower extremity amputation (LEA) and mortality rates in people with diabetes in small geographical areas with varying levels of multiple deprivation.

Methods

We undertook a population cohort study to extract the health records of 112,231 people with diabetes from the Scottish Care Information – Diabetes Collaboration (SCI-Diabetes) database. We linked this to health records to identify death, LEA and DFU events. These events were geospatially mapped using multiple deprivation maps for the geographical area of National Health Service (NHS) Greater Glasgow and Clyde. Tests of spatial autocorrelation and association were conducted to evaluate geographical variation and patterning, and the association between prevalence-adjusted outcome rates and multiple deprivation by quintile.

Results

Within our health board region, people with diabetes had crude prevalence-adjusted rates for DFU of 4.6% and for LEA of 1.3%, and an incidence rate of mortality preceded by either a DFU or LEA of 10.5 per 10,000 per year. Spatial autocorrelation identified statistically significant hot spot (high prevalence) and cold spot (low prevalence) clusters for all outcomes. Small-area maps effectively displayed near neighbour clustering across the health board geography. Disproportionately high numbers of hot spots within the most deprived quintile for DFU (p < 0.001), LEA (p < 0.001) and mortality (p < 0.001) rates were found. Conversely, a disproportionately higher number of cold spots was found within the least deprived quintile for LEA (p < 0.001).

Conclusions/interpretation

In people with diabetes, DFU, LEA and mortality rates are associated with multiple deprivation and form geographical neighbourhood clusters.
Towards infield, live plant phenotyping using a reduced-parameter CNN
Authors: Atanbori John , French Andrew P. , Pridmore Tony P.
Published: December 2019

There is an increase in consumption of agricultural produce as a result of the rapidly growing human population, particularly in developing nations. This has triggered high-quality plant phenotyping research to help with the breeding of high-yielding plants that can adapt to our continuously changing climate. Novel, low-cost, fully automated plant phenotyping systems, capable of infield deployment, are required to help identify quantitative plant phenotypes. The identification of quantitative plant phenotypes is a key challenge which relies heavily on the precise segmentation of plant images. Recently, the plant phenotyping community has started to use very deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to help tackle this fundamental problem. However, these very deep CNNs rely on some millions of model parameters and generate very large weight matrices, thus making them difficult to deploy infield on low-cost, resource-limited devices. We explore how to compress existing very deep CNNs for plant image segmentation, thus making them easily deployable infield and on mobile devices. In particular, we focus on applying these models to the pixel-wise segmentation of plants into multiple classes including background, a challenging problem in the plant phenotyping community. We combined two approaches (separable convolutions and SVD) to reduce model parameter numbers and weight matrices of these very deep CNN-based models. Using our combined method (separable convolution and SVD) reduced the weight matrix by up to 95% without affecting pixel-wise accuracy. These methods have been evaluated on two public plant datasets and one non-plant dataset to illustrate generality. We have successfully tested our models on a mobile device.
Latarjet with cortical button fixation is associated with an increase of the risk of recurrent dislocation compared to screw fixation
Authors:   Study Investigators, Hardy Alexandre , Sabatier Vincent , Schoch Bradley , Vigan Marie , Werthel Jean David
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical results of the Latarjet procedure using two cortical buttons vs two screws. It was hypothesized that cortical button would result in similar rates of recurrent dislocations, but a lower rate of reoperation compared to screw fixation.

Methods

A retrospective comparative case-cohort analysis was performed for all patients undergoing a Latarjet procedure for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. Patient demographics, number of dislocations prior surgery, arm dominance, shoulder hyperlaxity, level of sport, type of sport and ISIS score were collected. Shoulders were separated into two groups based on surgical fixation (screws vs cortical button). Postoperatively, shoulders were evaluated for recurrent dislocation, revision surgery, post-operative Walch–Duplay score, and the Simple shoulder test (SST). Two hundred and thirty-six patients were included in the screw fixation group (group A) and 72 in button fixation group (group B) and were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 3.4 ± 0.8 years. Demographics of the two groups were similar with the exception of operative side hand dominance, which was more common in group B [50 (69.4%) vs 128 (54.2%), p = 0.02].

Results

Recurrent dislocation was significantly lower in Group A: 6 (2.5%) vs 6(8.3%) (p = 0.02). Reoperation was more common in group A [14 (5.9%) vs 0 (0%)]. At follow-up, Walch–Duplay scores and simple shoulder tests were similar in both groups.

Conclusion

Button fixation for Latarjet showed higher rates of recurrent dislocation compared to screw fixation. However, the increased stability afforded by screw fixation needs to be weighed against the increased risk of reoperation for hardware prominence.

Level of evidence

III.
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour and their associations with clinical measures in axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Coulter Elaine H. , McDonald Marie Therese , Cameron Sara , Siebert Stefan , Paul Lorna
Published: December 2019

Engaging in physical activity (PA) is a key aspect in the management of axial spondyloarthritis (axial SpA), however, its relationship with clinical measures is unknown. Previous research has mainly focused on subjective methods of measuring PA and sedentary behaviour (SB). The aim of this study was to explore the associations between objectively measured PA and SB with clinical measures in people with established axial SpA. Fifty participants were recruited from secondary-care rheumatology outpatient services in Glasgow, UK. Clinical measures collected included; Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQOL) and the Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT). PA and SB were measured using the activPAL3 tri-axial accelerometer. Data from forty-five participants were included (23 males, average age 49 ± 12 years). Participants accumulated an average of 93.2 ± 41.5 min/day walking with an average of 7200 ± 3397 steps/day. The majority of the day (65%) was spent sitting, accumulated in prolonged bouts. Walking time and steps taken/day were associated with better BASFI (r = − 0.395, p = 0.007 and r = − 0.404, p = 0.006), ASQOL (r = − 0.375, p = 0.011 and r = − 0.361, p = 0.015) and 6MWT (r = 0.396, p = 0.007 and r = 0.421, p = 0.004); while longer walking events were associated with better BASMI (rho = − 0.352, p = 0.018), BASFI (rho = − 0.316, p = 0.034) and 6MWT (rho = 0.404, p = 0.006). SB was associated with worse ASQOL (r = 0.380, p = 0.010) and 6MWT (6MWT, r = − 0.357, p = 0.016). In people with axial SpA PA is associated with better function, exercise capacity and spinal mobility, while SB is associated with lower exercise capacity and poor quality of life. These findings support the promotion of PA and reduction of SB in people with axial SpA.
Effects of 1-year anti-TNF-α therapy on vascular function in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Végh Edit , Kerekes György , Pusztai Anita , Hamar Attila , Szamosi Szilvia , Váncsa Andrea , Bodoki Levente , Pogácsás Lilla , Balázs Fruzsina , Hodosi Katalin , Domján Andrea , Szántó Sándor , Nagy Zoltán , Szekanecz Zoltán , Szűcs Gabriella
Published: December 2019

Accelerated atherosclerosis, increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have been associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Vascular function, clinical and laboratory markers and the effects of anti-TNF therapy were assessed in arthritides. Fifty-three 53 patients including 36 RA patients treated with either etanercept (ETN) or certolizumab pegol and 17 AS patients treated with ETN were included in a 12-month follow-up study. Ultrasonography was performed to determine flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), common carotid intima-media thickness (ccIMT) and arterial pulse-wave velocity (PWV) in all patients. All assessments were performed at baseline and 6 and 12 months after treatment initiation. A significant improvement of brachial artery FMD was observed after 6 months (p = 0.004). A tendency of FMD improvement was also observed after 12 months (p = 0.065). ccIMT did not change throughout the year. PWV significantly improved after 12 months (p = 0.034). Higher baseline ccIMT (p = 0.009) and PWV (p = 0.038) were associated with clinical non-response (cNR) versus response (cR) to biologics. Multiple analysis confirmed the association of baseline ccIMT with age (p = 0.003) and cNR (p = 0.009), as well as that of baseline PWV with age at diagnosis (p = 0.022) and current chest pain (p = 0.004). Treatment itself determined the 12-month changes in FMD (p = 0.020) and PWV (p = 0.007). In a mixed cohort of RA and AS patients, TNF inhibition improved or stabilized vascular pathophysiology. Inflammation may be associated with FMD, while, among others, cNR may influence vascular function.
Der Herzinsuffizienzchirurg – Hausarzt und Herzchirurg
Authors: Riebandt Julia , Hanke Jasmin S.
Published: December 2019

Bei der Therapie der terminalen Herzinsuffizienz handelt es sich um einen Wachstumsmarkt – sowohl für Kardiologen als auch für Herzchirurgen. Der besondere Reiz der Arbeit eines Herzinsuffizienzchirurgen besteht in der notwendigen Multidisziplinarität und der Tatsache, dass es nicht nur um den rein mechanistischen Zugang im Sinne der chirurgischen Therapie geht. Vielmehr macht ein Großteil der Arbeit die Vor- und Nachbehandlung aus, die meist durch den Chirurgen selbst ausgeführt wird. Umfassende herzchirurgische Kenntnisse sind ebenso unumgänglich wie das Verständnis kardiologischer und intensivmedizinischer Therapiekonzepte, um dem Patienten eine individuelle und sinnvolle Therapie anbieten zu können. Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet interessierten Kollegen einen Überblick über die Möglichkeiten und Anforderungen in diesem Teilgebiet der Herzchirurgie.
Bacterial colonization of Montgomery salivary bypass tubes after hypopharyngeal reconstruction in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Grasl Stefan , Janik Stefan , Grasl Matthaeus Christoph , Parschalk Bernhard , Erovic Boban M. , Haymerle Georg
Published: December 2019

Background

Hypopharyngeal reconstruction after salvage pharyngolaryngectomy results in high postoperative morbidity. The use of salivary bypass tubes can reduce pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) formation. The influence of bacterial colonization has not been described in literature.

Methods

Bacterial swipes from 26 consecutive patients reconstructed after laryngopharyngectomy in combination with Montgomery salivary bypass tubes (MSBT) were analyzed in regards to PCF formation.

Results

PCF occurred in 2 untreated primary and in 9 salvage laryngopharyngectomies, respectively. Bacterial colonization showed high rates of gram-negative pathogens and drug resistance to standard Ampicillin treatment. Type of bacteria was not associated with fistula formation. Antibiotic resistance was found in 6 out 11 patients (54%) with PCF.

Conclusions

We identified high rates of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative pathogens on MSBT. Although not statistically significant, PCF were found more frequently in drug-resistant patients. Bacterial colonization of hypopharyngeal reconstructions should therefore be taken into account for perioperative prophylaxis.