bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey on the Application of Lead-In in Rural Junior High School English Teaching in Henan Province of China
Authors: Huang. Enhui , Wei Cailian
Published: July 2024

With the higher requirements of The English Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education for English teaching design, the lead-in phase emerging as a critical component that has received more attention from frontline English teachers. However, a significant knowledge gap exists regarding the practical application of lead-in strategies in rural junior high school English classrooms. This study aims to address two primary research questions: the current state of lead-in practices in rural junior high school English teaching and the factors influencing the effectiveness of these strategies. To explore these questions, employing a quantitative research approach, a survey was conducted using a convenience sampling method, which involved selecting 40 English teachers from 7 rural junior high schools in Henan Province. The data from the questionnaire survey were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS 25.0. The findings highlighted various challenges faced by teachers during the lead-in phase, such as limited teaching resources and students’ low English proficiency levels. Furthermore, the study identified teachers’ professional development and experience as crucial factors affecting the effectiveness of lead-in strategies. The conclusion drawn from the study suggests that enhancing the lead-in phase in rural junior high school English teaching necessitates a multifaceted strategy encompassing improved resource allocation, teacher training, and the implementation of innovative teaching methodologies. Based on these findings, the study recommends increasing investment in rural English education infrastructure, strengthening teacher professional development, and promoting the exploration of diverse lead-in strategies to better cater to the needs of students.
The Potential Antifungal and Antibacterial of 5- Chloro-1- Methyl- 4- Nitroimidazole
Authors: Eriamiatoe I.O. , Owolabi B.J. , Mzozoyana V. , Ndibe H.C. , Eriamiatoe T.
Published: July 2024

Imidazole is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring that possesses biological and pharmaceutical importance. The imidazole ring is a constituent of several important natural products, including purine, histamine, histidine, and nucleic acid, while the nitroimidazole and its derivatives possess an extensive spectrum of biological activities such as antibacterial, anticancer, antitubercular, antifungal, analgesic, and anti-HIV activities. This paper aims to evaluate the in vitro antifungal and antibacterial activities of 5-chloro-1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole. The synthesis of this compound was carried out via a three-step reaction such as aminolysis, chlorination and nitration. From the FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra of the obtained compound, the absorption bands, signals, and coupling constant conform to the proposed compound. Furthermore, when tested for its in-vitro antifungal and antibacterial activities, the derivative showed excellent antifungal activity against a clinical strain of Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger at a minimum bactericidal concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, while the bacterial isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella. pneumonie was at 4.0 mg/mL.
El diálogo por la paz
Authors: Departamento de Administración de Empresas
Published: July 2024

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 41 No. 454-455, 1986: 693-698.
Pengaruh Locus of Control dan Konsep Diri terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa
Authors: Sari Silvia Indah , Setiani Yani
Published: July 2024

Locus of control adalah cara seseorang melihat keberhasilan atau kegagalan dalam hidupnya, sedangkan konsep diri adalah penilaian individu terhadap dirinya sendiri. Kemampuan dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika, disisi lain, adalah kemampuan untuk menemukan solusi dalam konteks matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana locus of control dan konsep diri mempengaruhi kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei kuantitatif di SMP Negeri 18 Kota Serang selama Tahun Pelajaran 2023/2024. Sampel sebanyak 162 siswa dipilih menggunakan rumus Slovin. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner untuk mengukur locus of control dan konsep diri, serta tes untuk mengukur kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika. Analisis data meliputi regresi linier sederhana dan regresi linier berganda dengan melakukan uji prasyarat seperti uji normalitas, uji linieritas, uji multikolinieritas, dan uji heterokedastisitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara locus of control dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 18 Kota Serang, dengan kontribusi sebesar 13,5%. 2) Konsep diri juga memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa sebesar 10,7%. 3) Kedua faktor, locus of control dan konsep diri, secara bersama-sama memberikan pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa sebesar 17,5%
Pengelolaan Beban Kognitif terhadap Kecakapan Matematis Siswa Di SMPN 14 Kota Serang
Authors: Azkia Alfia , Hendrayana Aan , Rafianti Isna
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini memiliki urgensi yang signifikan karena fokus pada peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran melalui perhatian terhadap beban kognitif siswa. Beban kognitif yang tinggi dapat menghambat proses belajar, sehingga menemukan cara untuk mengelola beban ini penting untuk memaksimalkan pemahaman konseptual dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran dengan memperhatikan beban kognitif siswa dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman konseptual dan pemecahan masalah matematis. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan desain sequential explanatory, yang dimana peneliti mengumpulkan data berupa data kuantitatif terlebih dahulu, yang kemudian dianalisis. Setelah itu, dilakukan pengumpulan data kualitatif yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan hasil dari analisis data kuantitatif. Menggunakan Uji-t sebagai analisisis data kuantitatif dan Uji Miles Huberman sebagai analisis data kualitataif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, didapati bahwa kemampuan pemahaman konseptual matematis dan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa dengan pembelajaran memperhatikan beban kognitif lebih baik daripada kelas dengan pembelajaran pada umumnya. Pendidik disarankan agar dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas memperhatikan beban kognitif siswa. Hal ini bertujuan agar beban kognitif siswa tidak berlebihan sehingga mereka dapat memaksimalkan kemampuan dalam memahami konsep dan memecahkan masalah. Pendidik juga harus mempertimbangkan waktu pelaksanaan pembelajaran, karena metode ini membutuhkan waktu lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ТЕПЛОФИЗИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ МЕТОДОМ ШАРОВОГО БИКАЛОРИМЕТРА
Authors: Садықова Айкүміс ,   НАО «Алматинский университет энергетики и связи имени Гумарбека Даукеева», Алматы, Казахстан, Хазимов Канат , Ниязбаев Адильхан , Хазимов Марат ,   Казахский национальный аграрный исследовательский университет, Алматы, Казахстан,   Казахский национальный аграрный исследовательский университет, Алматы, Казахстан,   НАО «Алматинский университет энергетики и связи имени Гумарбека Даукеева», Алматы, Казахстан
Published: July 2024

В статье представлены: значение использования соевой окары как высокобелковой (до 27 %) добавки к пищевым (для кондитерской продукции) и кормовым продуктам; пути получения соевой окары и ее влагосодержание; полученные функциональные зависимости теплофизических характеристик и плотности окары от изменения ее влагосодержания. Из-за невозможности хранения соевой окары продолжительное время с высоким содержанием влаги до 76% (кроме замораживания) требуется подвергать ее тепловой обработке, не нарушая питательные свойства. Для обоснования параметров и режимов термической обработки путем тепловых расчетов процесса сушки были изучены теплофизические свойства (теплоемкость, теплопроводность и температуропроводность) и плотность соевой окары. Поэтому целью работы является получение функциональной зависимостей теплофизических характеристик и плотности соевой окары от ее влажности. Исследование теплофизических свойств проведено методом шарового бикалориметра, учитывая пастообразное состояние соевой окары. Замеры температурных показателей в шаровом бикалориметре проводились с использованием термометра«Fluke», а влажность всех образцов соевой окары определялась с помощью анализатора влажности «Sartorius». Плотность соевой окары была определена стандартным методом для различного влагосодержания (от 28% до 76%). В ходе исследования образцов соевой окары с влажностью от 28% до 76% были установлены следующие диапазоны теплофизических свойств: теплопроводность -от 0,48 до 1 Вт/(м∙К); теплоемкость –от 0,199 до 0,211 кДж/(кг∙К); температуропроводность –от 0,15∙10-7до 0,47∙10-7м2/с.
Urban Sprawl’s Impact on Land Use in Kenya: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Maina Esther M. , Waiganjo Mary M.
Published: July 2024

Urban growth is essential in bringing in new opportunities and a larger labour force, but when it is unconventional and unregulated, it tends to raise new threats and problems in the community and the environment. This urban sprawl phenomenon and its impact on land use need to be explored deeply for comprehensive planning and development. Therefore, it is important to analyse existing evidence related to urban sprawl impacts on land use. In this study, existing knowledge on the impact of urban sprawl on land use in Kenya is described through a systematic literature review. The specific objectives of the review were to assess the general characteristics of studies on urban sprawl impact on land use in Kenya, synthesise the findings of these studies, and highlight the gaps in the studies. A search was conducted on the Google Scholar engine, leading to 4317 results from which 21 articles were selected through a systematic screening process. The review established that the majority of the studies are recent, having been published in the last 10 years, have utilised the quantitative approach, and have been conducted in diverse urban centres in Kenya. The findings of the studies revealed that diminishing agricultural land is the most prominent consequence of urban sprawl. The research found that urban sprawl is taking much of the available agricultural land due to increased demand for housing and the creation of new non-farm economic activities. This phenomenon has threatened to cause food shortages, reduced agricultural exports, hence reduced foreign exchange, and lost job opportunities in the agricultural sector. Another impact of urban sprawl is the decline of conservation areas, including bare land, forests, bushlands, and wetlands. Replacement of land under natural cover with built cover has dire consequences for human life and the ecosystem, including increased cases of floods and soil erosion. The results of this study provide insights that can be used to formulate policies related to urban planning, agriculture, and conservation.
Characterizing water solubility of fresh and aged secondary organic aerosol in PM2.5 with the stable carbon isotope technique
Authors: Wei Fenghua , Peng Xing , Cao Liming , Tang Mengxue , Feng Ning , Huang Xiaofeng , He Lingyan
Published: July 2024

Abstract. The investigation of the water-soluble characteristics of secondary organic carbon (SOC) is essential for a more comprehensive understanding of its climate effects. However, due to the limitations of the existing source apportionment methods, the water solubility of different types of SOC remains uncertain. This study analyzed stable carbon isotope and mass spectral signatures of total carbon (TC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in ambient PM2.5 samples for 1 year and established stable carbon isotope profiles of fresh and aged SOC. Furthermore, a Bayesian stable isotope mixing (BSIM) model was employed to reveal the water solubility characteristics of fresh and aged SOC in a coastal megacity of China. WSOC was dominated by secondary sources, with fresh and aged SOC contributing 28.1 % and 45.2 %, respectively. Water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) was dominated by primary sources, to which fresh and aged SOC contributed 23.2 % and 13.4 %. We also found that the aging degree of SOC has considerable impacts on its water solubility due to the much higher water-soluble fraction of aged SOC (76.5 %) compared to fresh SOC (54.2 %). Findings of this study may provide a new perspective for further investigation of the hygroscopicity effects of SOC with different aging degrees on light extinction and climate change.
Verification of weather-radar-based hail metrics with crowdsourced observations from Switzerland
Authors: Kopp Jérôme , Hering Alessandro , Germann Urs , Martius Olivia
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Remote hail detection and hail size estimation using weather radar observations has the advantage of wide spatial coverage and high spatial and temporal resolution. Switzerland's National Weather Service (MeteoSwiss) uses two radar-based hail metrics: the probability of hail on the ground (POH) to assess the presence of hail and the maximum expected severe hailstone size (MESHS) to estimate the largest hailstone diameter. However, radar-based metrics are not direct measurements of hail and have to be calibrated with and verified against ground-based observations of hail, such as crowdsourced hail reports. Switzerland benefits from a particularly rich and dense dataset of crowdsourced hail reports from the MeteoSwiss app. We combine a new spatiotemporal clustering method (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise, ST-DBSCAN) with radar reflectivity to filter the reports and use the filtered reports to verify POH and MESHS in terms of the hit rate, false-alarm ratio (FAR), critical success index (CSI), and Heidke skill score (HSS). Using a 4 km × 4 km maximum upscaling approach, we find FAR values between 0.3 and 0.7 for POH and FAR > 0.6 for MESHS. For POH, the highest CSI (0.37) and HSS (0.52) are obtained using a 60 % threshold, while for MESHS the highest CSI (0.25) and HSS (0.4) are obtained using a 2 cm threshold. We find that the current calibration of POH does not correspond to a probability and suggest a recalibration based on the filtered reports.
Dissolved nitric oxide in the lower Elbe Estuary and the Port of Hamburg area
Authors: Ingeniero Riel Carlo O. , Schulz Gesa , Bange Hermann W.
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Nitric oxide (NO) is an intermediate of various microbial nitrogen cycle processes, and the open-ocean and coastal areas are generally a source of NO to the atmosphere. However, our knowledge about its distribution and the main production processes in coastal areas and estuaries is rudimentary at best. To this end, dissolved NO concentrations were measured for the first time in surface waters along the lower Elbe Estuary and Port of Hamburg area in July 2021. The discrete surface water samples were analyzed using a chemiluminescence NO analyzer connected to a stripping unit. The NO concentrations ranged from below the limit of detection (9.1 pM) to 17.7 pM, averaging 12.5 pM, and were supersaturated in the surface layer of both the lower Elbe Estuary and the Port of Hamburg area, indicating that the study site was a source of NO to the atmosphere during the study period. On the basis of a comprehensive comparison of NO concentrations with parallel nutrient, oxygen, and nitrous oxide concentration measurements, we conclude that the observed distribution of dissolved NO most likely resulted from nitrification. In the Port of Hamburg, however, nitrifier denitrification and/or denitrification might also affect the NO distribution.
Differential responses of soil microbiomes to ureolytic biostimulation across depths in Aridisols
Authors: Abramov Kesem , Gelfer Svetlana , Tsesarsky Michael , Raveh-Amit Hadas
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Soil microbiomes are key regulators of biogeochemical cycles and possess essential roles in ecosystem functions, particularly in arid environments. One beneficial function of various edaphic microbes is the ability to participate in Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP). MICP is a biomineralization process extensively investigated as a soil improvement technique for various purposes, including mitigation of drought-related soil degradation and erosion control. One aspect rarely addressed in MICP studies is the microbial heterogeneity of the ecosystem in which it is applied and its post-treatment consequences. In this study, we examined MICP biostimulation rates in an Aridisol, considering the microbial heterogeneity across different soil depths that are relevant to surface reinforcement applications (from the topsoil to 1 meter below the surface). Biostimulation was achieved by inducing ureolysis, one of the most studied metabolic pathways to stimulate MICP. We characterized the native microbial communities and their response to biostimulation across the depths under consideration using 16S sequencing. We found that ureolysis rates were affected by soil depth, with higher rates detected at the topsoil. Before biostimulation, the native soils were dominated by Actinobacteria and contained diverse communities. The microbial communities of the deeper soil layers were richer in Firmicutes, and the deepest layer was less diverse than the topsoil. Following biostimulation, alpha-diversity and microbial richness were drastically reduced at all depths, resulting in homogenized communities dominated by Firmicutes, although microbial DNA concentrations increased. A notable decrease was detected in autotrophs (e.g., Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi), which are important for the formation and function of biocrusts and, hence, to the entire ecosystem. We also found that biostimulation induced a shift in the composition of the Firmicutes, where specific members of the Planococcaceae family became the most prevalent Firmicutes, instead of Paenibacillaceae and Bacillaceae, following stimulation. Our findings demonstrate that environmental heterogeneity across soil depth is an influential variable affecting ureolytic biostimulation. In turn, biostimulation affects microbial diversity consistently, regardless of preexisting differences resulting from spatial heterogeneity. Our findings show that although feasible, implementing biostimulated MICP in arid environments induces a strong selective pressure with negative consequences for the native edaphic microbiomes.
Nitrogen concentrations in boreal and temperate tree tissues vary with tree age/size, growth rate and climate
Authors: Thurner Martin , Yu Kailiang , Manzoni Stefano , Prokushkin Anatoly , Thurner Melanie A. , Wang Zhiqiang , Hickler Thomas
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Nitrogen (N) concentration in tree tissues controls photosynthesis, growth and plant maintenance respiration. While earlier studies of its variation and underlying controls have mostly focused on leaves, here we identify the large-scale controls of N concentration in other tree compartments for the first time. This is achieved by constructing and analysing an unprecedented database of N concentrations in stems, roots and branches covering all common Northern hemisphere boreal and temperate tree genera, combined with data for leaves mostly from existing databases. This database allows us to explore the large-scale abiotic (climate, soil N concentration) and biotic controls (tree age/size, leaf type, growth rate) of tree tissue N concentration. We find that N concentrations decrease with increasing tree age (or size) and are significantly higher in deciduous compared to evergreen trees in all tissues. Low growth rates or unfavorable climate conditions (very cold or dry climate) significantly decrease leaf (the latter only for needleleaf deciduous and needleleaf evergreen trees), but not stem N concentration, indicating their effects on N allocation. Plant traits and environmental conditions together explain very large parts of the variation in tissue N concentrations. These results suggest that changes in the distribution of tree age/size, species, and extreme climate, induced by climate change, forest management or disturbances, will have substantial consequences for the carbon (C) sequestration potential of boreal and temperate forests by altering tissue N concentrations. We expect that the expansion of tree species better adapted to dry conditions in European temperate forests will result in a higher N concentration in all tree tissues and elevated N allocation fractions to stems, which might lead to higher productivity, but also higher maintenance respiration. The identified relationships need to be represented in dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) to estimate future effects of N limitation on the C cycle.
Tipping points in coupled human–environment system models: a review
Authors: Farahbakhsh Isaiah , Bauch Chris T. , Anand Madhur
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Mathematical models that couple human behavior to environmental processes can offer valuable insights into how human behavior affects various types of ecological, climate, and epidemiological systems. This review focuses on human drivers of tipping events in coupled human–environment systems where changes to the human system can abruptly lead to desirable or undesirable new human–environment states. We use snowball sampling from relevant search terms to review the modeling of social processes – such as social norms and rates of social change – that are shown to drive tipping events, finding that many affect the coupled system depending on the system type and initial conditions. For example, tipping points can manifest very differently in human extraction versus human emission systems. Some potential interventions, such as reducing costs associated with sustainable behavior, have intuitive results. However, their beneficial outcomes via less obvious tipping events are highlighted. Of the models reviewed, we found that greater structural complexity can be associated with increased potential for tipping events. We review generic and state-of-the-art techniques in early warning signals of tipping events and identify significant opportunities to utilize digital social data to look for such signals. We conclude with an outline of challenges and promising future directions specific to furthering our understanding and informing policy that promotes sustainability within coupled human–environment systems. Non-technical summary. Mathematical models that include interactions between humans and the environment can provide valuable information to further our understanding of tipping points. Many social processes such as social norms and rates of social change can affect these tipping points in ways that are often specific to the system being modeled. Higher complexity of social structure can increase the likelihood of these transitions. We discuss how data are used to predict tipping events across many coupled systems.
Calm ocean, stormy sea: Atmospheric and oceanographic observations of the Atlantic during the ARC ship campaign
Authors: Köhler Laura , Windmiller Julia , Baranowski Dariusz , Brennek Michał , Ciuryło Michał , Hayo Lennéa , Kepski Daniel , Kinne Stefan , Latos Beata , Lobo Bertrand , Marke Tobias , Nischik Timo , Paul Daria , Stammes Piet , Szkop Artur , Tuinder Olaf
Published: July 2024

Abstract. During the Atlantic References and Convection (ARC) ship campaign with the reference MSM114/2, which took place in early 2023, the German research vessel Maria S. Merian travelled from Mindelo, Cape Verde, to Punta Arenas, Chile. One of the main objectives of ARC was to obtain vertically resolved cross sections of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). To this end, we crossed the ITCZ three times in the meridional direction. We present the atmospheric and oceanographic measurements collected during ARC in a standardized way to facilitate working with data from different instruments and to make the data easily accessible. This approach is not limited to ARC but could serve as a prototype for future (and past) ship campaigns. We present data from the integrated ship sensors (DShip), a Humidity and Temperature Profiler (HATPRO), a Ceilometer, aerosol instruments (DustTrak, Microtops, and Calitoo), radiosondes, Uncrewed Aircaft Vehicles (UAV), and Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (CTD) profiles of the upper ocean. We distinguish temporal continuous data (DShip, HATPRO, Ceilometer, DustTrak) from point measurements (radiosondes, UAVs, CTDs, Calitoo, Microtops). To illustrate the data sets provided, we present examples of measurements taken during the three crossings of the ITCZ and during a storm in the Roaring Forties in the South Atlantic at the end of the campaign. All data sets can be downloaded from Köhler et al. (2024a). An overview of all available data sets, including dois, can be found here: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.966616. For references to the individual data sets, please refer to the data availability section.
Development of the adjoint of the unified tropospheric–stratospheric chemistry extension (UCX) in GEOS-Chem adjoint v36
Authors: Dedoussi Irene C. , Henze Daven K. , Eastham Sebastian D. , Speth Raymond L. , Barrett Steven R. H.
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Atmospheric sensitivities (gradients), quantifying the atmospheric response to emissions or other perturbations, can provide meaningful insights on the underlying atmospheric chemistry or transport processes. Atmospheric adjoint modeling enables the calculation of receptor-oriented sensitivities of model outputs of interest to input parameters (e.g., emissions), overcoming the numerical cost of conventional (forward) modeling. The adjoint of the GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemistry-transport model is a widely used such model, but prior to v36 it lacked extensive stratospheric capabilities. Here, we present the development and evaluation of the discrete adjoint of the global chemistry-transport model (CTM) GEOS-Chem unified chemistry extension (UCX) for stratospheric applications, which extends the existing capabilities of the GEOS-Chem adjoint to enable the calculation of sensitivities that include stratospheric chemistry and interactions. This development adds 37 new tracers, 273 kinetic and photolysis reactions, an updated photolysis scheme, treatment of stratospheric aerosols, and all other features described in the original UCX paper. With this development the GEOS-Chem adjoint model is able to capture the spatial, temporal, and speciated variability in stratospheric ozone depletion processes, among other processes. We demonstrate its use by calculating 2-week sensitivities of stratospheric ozone to precursor species and show that the adjoint captures the Antarctic ozone depletion potential of active halogen species, including the chlorine activation and deactivation process. The spatial variations in the sensitivity of stratospheric ozone to NOx emissions are also described. This development expands the scope of research questions that can be addressed by allowing stratospheric interactions and feedbacks to be considered in the tropospheric sensitivity and inversion applications.
Legal Authority of Sunnah: An Appraisal
Authors: Malik Dr. Zaid Malik
Published: July 2024

This research is concerned with study of legal authority of Sunnah as the second source of Islamic law. Some scholars have started to spread the notion that Sunnah is not needed in following the teachings of Islam; rather the Holy Qur’an is sufficient for our guidance. The researcher refutes this claim by using the deductive method in his research by reading, analyzing and deriving the subject matter relevant to the topic from the primary sources and mentioning strong arguments from the Holy Qur’an, the traditions of the holy Prophet (ﷺ), sayings of some of his companions and narratives of some early scholars of Islam. Adopting the inductive and deductive methods, the researcher has reached some important conclusions i.e., the need to disclose this claim to the Muslim world, treat it as a conspiracy against Islam, hold a series of seminars and conferences in various parts of the Islamic world to disclose this conspiracy against the Sunnah, reaching a unanimous verdict through consensus (ijma') among the Muslim scholars of the world on this important issue. This research finds that the Sunnah has been followed by the Muslims long before Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim. A big part of the Islamic jurisprudence is relying on Sunnah and has been followed by Muslims from the day first till now.
14. TỶ LỆ TIÊM VẮC-XIN RUBELLA VÀ CÁC YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN Ở PHỤ NỮ MANG THAI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN LÊ VĂN THỊNH
Authors: Liên Phan Thị Hồng , Tú Lê Thị Thanh , Hiên Nguyễn Văn , Giao Huỳnh
Published: July 2024

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát tỷ lệ phụ nữ mang thai (PNMT) đã tiêm ngừa vắc-xin Rubella và các yếu tố liên quan tại Bệnh viện Lê Văn Thịnh năm 2024.
Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang thực hiện tại Bệnh viện Lê Văn Thịnh từ tháng 03/2024 – 04/2024. Sử dụng phương pháp chọn mẫu thuận tiện. Thông tin thu thập được bằng phỏng vấn trực tiếp dựa trên bộ câu hỏi soạn sẵn. Phân tích số liệu bao gồm thống kê mô tả số liệu bằng tần số, tỷ lệ phần trăm (%). Thống kê phân tích bằng phép kiểm chi bình phương và Fisher để xác định các yếu tố liên quan đến việc tiêm ngừa Rubella ở phụ nữ mang thai.
Kết quả: Trong 253 PNMT tham gia vào nghiên cứu, tỷ lệ PNMT đã tiêm ngừa vắc-xin Rubella là 35,2%, tỷ lệ PNMT có kiến thức về bệnh và vắc-xin Rubella lần lượt là 52,2% và 60,5%. Tìm thấy mối liên quan giữa trình độ học vấn, tình hình kinh tế gia đình, nghề nghiệp, số con hiện có, kiến thức về bệnh và vắc-xin Rubella đến việc tiêm ngừa Rubella trước khi mang thai ở PNMT (p < 0,05).
Kết luận: Tỷ lệ PNMT đã tiêm ngừa vắc-xin Rubella vẫn còn thấp. Nhiều kiến thức chưa đúng về bệnh và vắc-xin Rubella được tìm thấy. Cần tăng cường công tác truyền thông giáo dục sức khỏe và khuyến khích việc tiêm ngừa Rubella trước khi mang thai đối với phụ nữ độ tuổi sinh sản và phụ nữ có dự định mang thai nhằm nâng cao độ bao phủ vắc-xin để phòng ngừa bệnh ở phụ nữ mang thai và hội dứng Rubella bẩm sinh ở trẻ.
22. KHẢO SÁT SỰ THAY ĐỔI NGƯỠNG ĐAU VÙNG DA TẠI KHỚP GỐI KHI NHĨ ÁP CÁC HUYỆT GỐI, THẦN MÔN, DƯỚI VỎ, GIAO CẢM BÊN TRÁI TRÊN NGƯỜI TÌNH NGUYỆN KHỎE MẠNH
Authors: Thắng Phạm Đức , Thẫm Võ Nguyễn Ngọc , Thi Phan Thị Kim , Lan Nguyễn Hương , Hằng Lê Thanh
Published: July 2024

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát sự thay đổi ngưỡng đau vùng da tại khớp gối 2 bên khi nhĩ áp các huyệt Gối, Thần môn, Dưới vỏ, Giao cảm bên trái trên người tình nguyện khỏe mạnh.
Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu can thiệp trước sau được tiến hành trên 28 người tình nguyện khỏe mạnh tại phòng châm cứu thực nghiệm khoa Y học cổ truyền Đại học Y Dược Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh từ tháng 02/2023 đến tháng 05/2023. Người tham gia nghiên cứu được nhĩ áp bằng hạt dán Vương bất lưu hành tại huyệt Gối, Thần môn, Giao cảm, Dưới vỏ bên trái và day trong 5 phút để đạt cảm giác đắc khí. Ngưỡng đau được đo bằng thiết bị khảo sát ngưỡng đau FDIX Wagner. Hiệu số ngưỡng đau sau – trước nhĩ áp vùng gối 2 bên được ghi nhận tại 12 vị trí tương ứng với tiết đoạn thần kinh.
Kết quả: Hiệu số ngưỡng đau sau – trước nhĩ áp huyệt Gối, Thần môn, Giao cảm, Dưới vỏ bên trái tại các vị trí khảo sát theo tiết đoạn thần kinh L3, L4, L5, S1, S2 ở gối trái cao hơn gối phải có ý nghĩa thống kê (p<0,05).
Kết luận: Nhĩ áp huyệt Gối, Thần môn, Giao cảm, Dưới vỏ bên trái làm ngưỡng đau vùng khớp gối cùng bên tăng đáng kể hơn so với vùng khớp gối đối bên.
23. KHẢO SÁT TÌNH TRẠNG NHẠY VÀ KHÁNG KHÁNG SINH Ở BỆNH NHÂN VIÊM PHỔI BỆNH VIỆN, VIÊM PHỔI THỞ MÁY TẠI BỆNH VIỆN THÀNH PHỐ THỦ ĐỨC GIAI ĐOẠN 2020 - 2023
Authors: Thanh Trần Nguyễn Ái
Published: July 2024

Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu nhằm khảo sát tình trạng nhạy và kháng kháng sinh ở bệnh nhân VPBV và VPTM tại Bệnh viện thành phố Thủ Đức.
Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu được thực hiện trên tất cả bệnh nhân VPBV và VPTM từ 1/1/2020 đến 31/11/2023, có kết quả cấy đàm dương tính và viêm phổi xuất hiện sau 48 giờ nhập viện hoặc sau 48 giờ thông khí cơ học.
Kết quả: Trong 1446 mẫu được cấy, có 94 bệnh nhân được xác định mắc VPBV và VPTM, với tỷ lệ tử vong là 48,9%. Các chủng vi khuẩn phổ biến nhất gồm A.baumanii (30,8%), Klebsiella pneumonia (22,3%) và P.aeruginosa (10,6%). Tỷ lệ nhạy với Cefoperazone/Sulbactam ở A.baumanii là 61,5%, trong khi tỷ lệ nhạy với Imipenem và Amikacin lần lượt là 15,3% và 7,7%. Các chủng Acinetobacter spp cho thấy nhạy hoàn toàn với Cefoperazone/Sulbactam (100%).
Kết luận: Cần cập nhật thường xuyên dữ liệu vi sinh là cần thiết để lựa chọn kháng sinh hiệu quả trong điều trị.
30. ĐẶC ĐIỂM DỊCH TỄ, LÂM SÀNG VÀ KẾT CỤC Ở BỆNH NHÂN HIV/AIDS NHẬP VIỆN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN BỆNH NHIỆT ĐỚI THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
Authors: Hoàng Trần Minh , Công Lý Quốc , Hùng Đặng Thế , Lil Nguyễn Văn , Duyên Lê Mỹ , Tùng Nguyễn Lê Như
Published: July 2024

Đặt vấn đề: HIV/AIDS là một đại dịch toàn cầu. Trên thế giới, từ khi có thuốc ARV, tỉ lệ các bệnh lí không phải giai đoạn AIDS đang tăng ở bệnh nhân HIV, còn các bệnh lý giai đoạn AIDS đang có xu hướng giảm.
Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm dịch tễ, lâm sàng và kết cục ở bệnh nhân nhiễm HIV/AIDS điều trị nội trú tại bệnh viện Bệnh Nhiệt Đới thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.
Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả hồi cứu hàng loạt ca HIV nhập viện tại khoa nhiễm E bệnh viện Bệnh Nhiệt Đới TP. Hồ Chí Minh từ 01/01/2021 đến 31/05/2021.
Kết quả: Có 203 bệnh nhân thoả tiêu chuẩn nghiên cứu. Tỷ lệ nam/nữ là 5/1, 56,2% bệnh nhân tuổi từ 31- 50, 46,3% suy dinh dưỡng (46,3%). 62,3% bệnh nhân chẩn đoán HIV < 6 tháng, 74,4% có TCD4+ <200 tế bào/mm3, 29,4% không tuân thủ điều trị. Tỷ lệ tử vong là 11,8%. Sốt là triệu chứng thường gặp nhất (57,1%). Bệnh không liên quan giai đoạn AIDS đa dạng, thường gặp gồm nhiễm trùng (36,9%), nấm miệng (19,2%), lao phổi (17,3%).Trong các bệnh lý cơ hội giai đoạn AIDS thì viêm phổi do Pneumocystis jirovecii chiếm tỉ lệ cao nhất (43,2%), lao ngoài phổi đứng thứ 2 (24%).
Kết luận: Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân nhập viện do bệnh cơ hội liên quan HIV/AIDS còn cao. Tăng tỷ lệ nhập viện do bệnh không liên quan giai đoạn AIDS.
31. TÌNH TRẠNG ĐỀ KHÁNG KHÁNG SINH CỦA ESCHERICHIA COLI VÀ KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE ĐƯỢC PHÂN LẬP TẠI BỆNH VIỆN LÊ VĂN THỊNH NĂM 2023
Authors: Trang Phạm Hồ Đoan , Trâm Trần Bảo , Tâm Nguyễn Minh , Vân Nguyễn Thị Thanh , Ngân Nguyễn Phi Hồng
Published: July 2024

Mục tiêu: Xác định tỷ lệ và mức độ đề kháng kháng sinh của chủng vi khuẩn Escherichia coli và Klebsiella pneumoniae tại bệnh viện Lê Văn Thịnh năm 2023.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu dữ liệu kháng sinh đồ của Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae được phân lập từ người bệnh đến điều trị tại bệnh viện Lê Văn Thịnh từ 01/01/2023 đến 31/12/2023.
Kết quả: Tỷ lệ nam giới chiếm đa số (50,4%) có độ tuổi trên 50 chủ yếu (80,8%). Số mẫu bệnh phẩm được phân lập nhiều ở khoa Ngoại tổng hợp và các khoa Nội. Loại bệnh phẩm chủ yếu phân lập được E. coli và K. pneumoniae là nước tiểu, mủ và đàm. E. coli đề kháng kháng sinh với hầu hết nhóm cephalosporins (61,2% - 74,7%) , quinolones (62,7 – 68%) và co-trimoxazole (72,7%). K. pneumoniae đề kháng kháng sinh với hầu hết nhóm cephalosporins (50% - 83,3%) , quinolones (60,9 – 66,7%) và co-trimoxazole (62,8%) và β-lactam phối hợp với chất ức chế β-lactamase (58,3% - 69,6%).
Kết luận: Tình trạng đề kháng kháng sinh của E. coli và K. pneumoniae ngày càng phức tạp và có mức độ đề kháng với nhiều loại kháng sinh khác nhau.
Management of Crohn’s disease in Taiwan: consensus guideline of the Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease updated in 2023
Authors: Wu Jia-Feng , Yen Hsu-Heng , Wang Horng-Yuan , Chang Ting-An , Chang Chung-Hsin , Chang Chen-Wang , Chao Te-Hsin , Chou Jen-Wei , Chou Yenn-Hwei , Chuang Chiao-Hsiung , Hsu Wen-Hung , Hsu Tzu-Chi , Huang Tien-Yu , Hung Tsung-I , Le Puo-Hsien , Lin Chun-Che , Lin Chun-Chi , Lin Ching-Pin , Lin Jen-Kou , Lin Wei-Chen , Ni Yen-Hsuan , Shieh Ming-Jium , Shih I-Lun , Shun Chia-Tung , Tsai Tzung-Jiun , Wang Cheng-Yi , Weng Meng-Tzu , Wong Jau-Min , Wu Deng-Chyang , Wei Shu-Chen
Published: July 2024

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic, fluctuating inflammatory condition that primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract. Although the incidence of CD in Taiwan is lower than that in Western countries, the severity of CD presentation appears to be similar between Asia and the West. This observation indicates the urgency for devising revised guidelines tailored to the unique reimbursement system, and patient requirements in Taiwan. The core objectives of these updated guidelines include the updated treatment choices and the integration of the treat-to-target strategy into CD management, promoting the achievement of deep remission to mitigate complications and enhance the overall quality of life. Given the diversity in disease prevalence, severity, insurance policies, and access to medical treatments in Taiwan, a customized approach is imperative for formulating these guidelines. Such tailored strategies ensure that international standards are not only adapted but also optimized to local contexts. Since the inception of its initial guidelines in 2017, the Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD) has acknowledged the importance of continuous revisions for incorporating new therapeutic options and evolving disease management practices. The latest update leverages international standards and recent research findings focused on practical implementation within the Taiwanese healthcare system.
Hubungan Antara Kualitas Pelayanan Kefarmasian Pasien Rawat Jalan Dengan Tingkat Kepuasan di Puskesmas X
Authors: Indrasari Ferika , Riyantara Rahma Widya , Maryeta Eleonora Maryeta , Suwarni Sri
Published: July 2024

Pelayanan kefarmasian merupakan pelayanan langsung dan bertanggung jawab kepada pasien yang berkaitan dengan sediaan Farmasi dengan maksud mencapai hasil yang pasti untuk meningkatkan mutu kehidupan pasien. Kualitas pelayanan merupakan suatu hal yang sering dikeluhkan oleh pasien pada saat berobat di puskesmas. Pelayanan yang tidak baik, kurang ramah, pelayanan yang lambat menjadi faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas pelayanan. Tingkat kepuasaan merupakan fungsi dari perbedaan antara kinerja yang dirasakan dengan harapan apabila kinerja dibawah harapan maka pelanggan merasa kecewa begitu pula sebaliknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kualitas pelayanan kefarmasian terhadap kepuasan pasien rawat jalan di Puskesmas Purwodadi II.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Observasional Analitik dengan rancangan Cross Sectional dengan teknik sampel Purposive Sampling. Data yang diperoleh adalah data primer dari hasil pengisian kuesioner pasien yang berobat di Puskesmas Purwodadi II. Proses analisis data dalam penelitian ini yaitu Editing, Coding,Skoring,dan Tabulating.
The Influence of DAGUSIBU Education on the Knowledge of Dasan Borok Village Cadres
Authors: Oktresia Erma Ewisa , Gemantari Baiq Maylinda
Published: July 2024

The inadequate knowledge about drugs usage might be leading to emerging the unwanted effect of drugs. Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia, the committee of pharmacists in Indonesia, by their DAGUSIBU program make an attempt to overcome that problem. To increase the public knowledge, DAGUSIBU is implemented by educate public about four principal of drugs usage as how to get; how to use; how to store; and how to dispose the drugs. By establishing this program especially for the cadre of posyandu program, it is hoped the cadre might have impactful role to arising the public awareness and knowledge about drugs usage. This research is aimed to increase the knowledge of the cadre in Dasan Borok Vilage about drugs usage by DAGUSIBU program. This research was designed as quasi experimental using pretest-posttest analysis by questionnaire and education treatment as instrument research. There were 30 cadres take this program as participants. As the results, its was known that education treatment significantly enhance participants knowledge about drugs usage proven by pretest and postest analysis using marginal homogeneity test.
Testing the Validity and Reliability of the Greek Version of General Self-Efficacy (GSE) Scale
Authors: Pilafas Georgios , Lyrakos Georgios , Louka Penelope
Published: July 2024

Self-efficacy is one of the cornerstone theories in Behavioral Medicine. One relevant self-reported questionnaire is the ‘General Self-efficacy (GSE) Scale’. Although this measure has been tested in many cultures, there might be a total absence of studies testing the validity and reliability of the Greek version over the last 30 years. As such, this study aimed to test and present both outcomes. A convenient sample of 192 Greeks from the general population was recruited through the snowball sampling method. The statistical analysis included Pearson’s r, Cronbach’s alpha, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with Varimax rotation and an Eigenvalue of 1.5 and regression analysis to test various types of validity. The results show a Cronbach’s alpha of .909, suggesting an ‘excellent’ level. The inter-item correlation matrix shows values between r= .297 and r= .673, and thus considered satisfying. Item-total statistics suggests that if item 2 is deleted then the Cronbach’s alpha will increase from .909 to .910. However, item 2 was not excluded from the analysis. The EFA illustrates that GSE has only one component. This finding suggests that there is only one factor in the case of the present study, which is probably related to the background theory of general self-efficacy. The linear regression analysis between GSE and resilience was found at high level confirming the background theory. The results of the present study show a high validity and reliability for the Greek version of GSE, while they are consistent to previous studies that tested GSE in other languages and different populations. It is recommended to clinicians and researcher to use in their practice the Greek version of GSE Scale.

Keywords: General Self-Efficacy Scale, GSE, Psychometrics, Greece, Positive Psychology, Self-Reported Measures
Relationship between Level of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Health Protocols with the Incident of COVID-19
Authors: Suryanegara Wiradi , Salutondok Welly , Tanak Yonashan
Published: July 2024

COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus which has spread throughout the world, including Indonesia. In response to this pandemic, the 5M health protocol is related to behavior, as well as being one of the factors in breaking the chain of transmission of COVID-19. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practice of the 5M health protocol with the incidence of COVID-19 in FK UKI students batch 2018 in 2022. This study is an analytical survey research with a cross-sectional approach. Simple random sampling is used as a sampling technique with a total of 113 FK UKI students batch 2018. This study used a questionnaire to measure the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the 5M health protocol and the incidence of COVID-19 based on RT-PCR within one year. Filling out the questionnaire is done online using a Google form. The data will be analyzed univariately and bivariately using Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test. The study ran for 2 weeks starting from March 7 to March 14, 2022. Univariate results found that 90.2% of students had good knowledge, 55.8% had a good attitude, 61% had poor practice and 43.3% experienced COVID-19 from 113 respondents. From the results of the bivariate analysis, it was found that there was a relationship between the level of knowledge and the incidence of COVID-19 (p-value = 0.001), the level of attitude with the incidence of COVID-19 (p-value = 0.042) and the level of practice with the incidence of COVID-19 (p-value = 0.014). So it can be said that the higher the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the 5M health protocols, the more students will be protected from COVID-19 in the 2018 UKI FK students.

Keywords: COVID-19, Health Protocol, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice
Implementation of Least Significant Bit Steganography to Secure Text Messages in Images
Authors: Herviana Wiyan Herra , Djuniadi Djuniadi
Published: July 2024

Steganography is a technique of securing secret messages in other messages that are not known. Simulation of the steganography method using the Least Significant Bit technique is used to change the last bit in one byte of data by using a text message as the container medium. This study aims to implement the security of text messages in images using the Least Significant Bit technique which is supported by the steganography method. Simulation techniques are used to conduct studies using Cryptool2 which can describe the concept of cryptography. The results obtained from this study regarding the security of text message insertion into an image in *.jpg and *.png format with 5 sampling trials are (1) the encrypted image cannot be distinguished directly through human eyes, (2) there is an increase in file size the image after being encrypted with an average for five trials is 0.31%, this increase depends on the length of the text message and a key to be inserted, the longer the insertion, the larger the resulting file size, (3) The higher the resolution of the image where the description encryption is inserted, the longer the process required, (4) The simulation time of steganographic decryption is faster than steganographic encryption. The decryption simulation process is the same as 50% of the encryption process.
Políticas Públicas de Agricultura Urbana: Estudo de Caso das Hortas Comunitárias na Região Oeste do Paraná
Authors: Anacleto Adilson , Jesus Fabio Henrique Albuquerque de
Published: July 2024

A Agricultura Urbana e Periurbana (AUP), em seus mais variados formatos, faz parte da estratégia de combate à fome e de garantia a segurança alimentar. O município de Cascavel vem se destacando no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas em especial para os programas de hortas comunitárias. No entanto ainda não existem estudos que monitorem na percepção dos envolvidos se as ações do poder público têm sido efetivas. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa busca diagnosticar a atual situação das hortas comunitárias existentes e se as políticas públicas de Agricultura Urbana e Periurbana e das hortas comunitárias da cidade de Cascavel tem sido eficiente. Foi realizado pesquisa exploratória descritiva em 2023 junto a 14 agricultores urbanos que atuam hortas comunitárias. O estudo revelou que a idade média dos participantes superior a 50 anos, e no que tange a cor ou raça 57% dos participantes declaram-se pardos. 29% brancos e 14% pretos, que obtinham renda mensal de até um salário mínimo. A pesquisa revelou que entre os fatores que potencializavam a AUP foi destacado a qualidade das hortaliças produzidas, a variedade de produtos ofertados e o fato de a produção ser orgânica, no entanto a falta de gestão interna entre os agricultores, a falta de planejamento em contexto geral resultavam em baixo poder de barganha do grupo junto ao poder público executivo e se constituíam as maiores barreiras no desenvolvimento da AUP na região. A reversão deste ciclo com base na organização coletiva pode possibilitar elevar o poder de barganha junto as várias esferas do poder público resultando em ações organizadas que possam vir de encontro as necessidades desse grupo de pessoas praticantes da agricultura urbana e periurbana.
Miliaria crystallina in intensive care unit
Authors: Chikhaoui Inas ,   Sheikh Khalifa Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mohamed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco.
Published: July 2024

Miliaria, or eccrine miliaria, is a frequently seen skin disease triggered by blocked eccrine sweat glands and ducts, causing backflow of eccrine sweat into the dermis or epidermis wich results in a rash comprising sweat-filled vesicle formation under the skin, it is most common in warm, humid climates during the summer months [1]. The 3 main types of miliaria are crystallina, rubra, and profunda and are classified by the depth of obstruction of the sweat duct causing clinical and histological differences. We report a case of miliaria crystallina.