bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skin microbiota: pathogenic roles and implications in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Huang Cong , Zhuo Fan , Guo Yang , Wang Siyu , Zhang Kaoyuan , Li Xiahong , Dai Wenkui , Dou Xia , Yu Bo
Published: January 2025

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and inflammatory skin disorder characterized by impaired barrier function and imbalanced immunity. Recent advances have revealed that dysbiosis of skin microbiota plays important roles in the pathogenesis and development of AD. Meanwhile, endogenous and external factors contribute to the dysbiosis of skin microbiota in AD. Additionally, various treatments, including topical treatments, phototherapy, and systemic biologics, have demonstrated positive impacts on the clinical outcomes, alongside with the modulations of cutaneous microbiota in AD patients. Importantly, therapeutics or products regulating skin microbiota homeostasis have demonstrated potential for AD treatment in early clinical studies. In this review, we underline changes of the skin microbiota correlated with AD. Meanwhile, we provide an overview of the skin microbiota regarding its roles in the pathogenesis and development of AD. Finally, we summarize therapeutic strategies restoring the skin microbial homeostasis in AD management.
Silent cerebral lesions after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation using cryoballoon, hotballoon, laserballoon and radiofrequency catheters: a Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Tiantian , Kong Youjin , Wu Li , Wu Chenxia , Mao Wei , Zhou Xinbin
Published: January 2025

Background

Catheter ablation (CA) is an effective therapeutic option for patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF). Previous studies have reported silent cerebral lesions (SCLs) detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after different CA techniques; however, the results were controversial. Therefore, we performed this network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess the incidence of SCLs after cryoballoon, hotballoon, laserballoon, and radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Methods

Databases such as PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched systematically. Both pairwise meta-analysis (PMA) and NMA were conducted. The primary outcome was the incidence of new SCLs on MRI after CA procedures.

Results

Nine studies were analyzed and 1,057 patients were enrolled. Laserballoon ablation (LBA) had a higher incidence of SCLs than cryoballoon ablation (CBA) [odds ratio [OR] = 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–3.27, p = 0.032] in the PMA, while no significant difference was detected between the CA techniques according to the NMA. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values indicated that CBA may be the best therapeutic option (SUCRA = 81.1%). The NMA results demonstrated similar procedure-related complication rates and mean activated clotting time between CBA (SUCRA = 53.7%, 66.3%), hotballoon ablation (HBA) (SUCRA = 81.5%, 43.6%), LBA (SUCRA = 3.39%, 42.8%) and RFA (SUCRA = 61.3%, 47.3%). LBA therapy required significantly more procedure time than CBA [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 24.36 min, 95% CI 12.51–36.21 min, p = 0.00].

Conclusions

CBA treatment had lower incidence of post-procedural SCLs and took less procedure time compared with LBA for patients with AF. The procedure-related complications were comparable between CBA, LBA, HBA and RFA.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO, identifier (CRD42024511110).
Scientific explanation of e+ and Weyl fermion for injecting semiconductor devices
Authors: Abbas Arwa Saud
Published: January 2025

The scientific explanation of utilizing the positron and Weyl fermion in semiconductors is presented. In view of the slow e+ beam-generation development for imaging technology alongside the Weyl fermion which carries charge like an electron, but has no mass, thus moves much faster, injecting semiconductor devices is addressed. The information gained from this prediction has allowed the broadening of its implementation to semiconductor technology with electronic excitation using sources other than e-. Developing the positron microbeam and Weyl fermions can be described with the concept of type I positron beam source is an alternative source of electron beam, thus harnessing the generation of γ-ray radiations inside the semiconductor heterostructures with indicating e+ and e− interaction with materials are different and type II Weyl fermions. Thus, the properties of positrons and Weyl fermion are considered suitable for carrier transport in optoelectronics. Perspectives of the development of alternative beam source for super-transport are provided.
Shifting paradigms in primary aldosteronism: reconsideration of screening strategy via integrating pathophysiological insights
Authors: Kitamoto Takumi , Ruike Yutaro , Koide Hisashi , Inoue Kosuke , Maezawa Yoshiro , Omura Masao , Nakai Kazuki , Tsurutani Yuya , Saito Jun , Kuwa Katsuhiko , Yokote Koutaro , Nishikawa Tetsuo
Published: January 2025

Several decades have passed since the description of the first patient with primary aldosteronism (PA). PA was initially classified in two main forms: aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA). However, the pathogenesis of PA has now been shown to be far more complex. For this reason, the traditional classification needs to be updated. Given the recent advancements in our understanding of PA pathogenesis, we should reevaluate how frequent PA cases are, beginning with the reconstruction of the screening strategy. Recent studies consistently indicated that PA has been identified in 22% of patients with resistant hypertension and 11% even in normotensives. The frequency is influenced by the screening strategy and should be based on understanding the pathogenesis of PA. Progress has been made to promote our understanding of the pathogenesis of PA by the findings of aldosterone driver mutations, which have been found in normotensives and hypertensives. In addition, much clinical evidence has been accumulated to indicate that there is a spectrum in PA pathogenesis. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress in aldosterone measurement methods based on LC-MS/MS and the current screening strategy. Then, we will discuss the progress of our understanding of PA, focusing on aldosterone driver mutations and the natural history of PA. Finally, we will discuss the optimal strategy to improve screening rate and case detection.
Relationship between ferroptosis and healing of diabetic foot ulcer: a prospective clinical study
Authors: Jiang Qian , Tang Long , Xiao Shuao
Published: January 2025

Objective

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the common complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). In order to find a method to monitor and treat the refractory DFU, the ferroptosis level in DFU and traumatic wounds (TW) was monitored and the difference between them was analyzed. At the same time, this study further analyzed the correlation of ferroptosis levels with DM severity and DFU’s healing.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was from January, 2021 to December, 2023 in the Second People’s Hospital of Gansu province, which included 59 patients with DFU and 42 patients with TW. We then used the kit to detect the indicators related to ferroptosis, including 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), in the wound exudate of the two groups of patients.

Results

The DFU group had higher ferroptosis level than the TW group (4-HNE: P = 0.003, MDA: P<0.001, ROS: P<0.001). The severity of diabetes was significantly associated with ferroptosis level in DFU patients(r = 0.936, P <0.001). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that 4-HNE (β = -0.182, P = 0.008), MDA (β = -0.478, P <0.001) and ROS (β = -0.394, P<0.001) significantly negatively predicted the healing rate of DFU.

Conclusion

As a new monitoring and therapeutic target, ferroptosis level plays an important role in predicting the healing rate of DFU and assisting clinical treatment decision-making.
Progress of treatment and resource utilization for high salinity printing and dyeing wastewater based on bibliometric study
Authors: Wang Qiannan , Zhang Xiaojiao
Published: January 2025

The treatment or resource utilization of high-salinity wastewater from printing and dyeing has received great attention in recent decades due to their negative impacts on the surrounding environment. To improve the direction of research, we analyzed the published papers in the online version of the Science Citation Index Expanded database for 1991–2022—a total of 1090 articles or reviews—using VOSviewer, Python, origin 2023, and the statistical software R. The results showed that the published papers in this field have increased exponentially in the past 17 years. The Journal of Membrane Science, Desalination, the Chemical Engineering Journal, and the Journal of Hazardous Materials are the most important for publishing relevant research. Van Der Bruggen B was the most productive author. Katholieke University Leuven and Donghua University were the main research institutions. There were additional needs to enhance collaboration relationships between different authors, institutions, and countries. At present, research focused on methods that are closer to “real” field or ground conditions, “photocatalysis,” “loose nanofiltration membranes”, and “dye/salt separation” are the research frontier. The present study determines the trends of this field of research by visualizing the current landscape to facilitate future collaborative research.
Comparison of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike following Omicron infection or Omicron BA.4/5 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Tometten Inga , Brandt Tobias , Schlotz Maike , Stumpf Ricarda , Landmann Sinje , Kantauskaite Marta , Lamberti Joshua , Hillebrandt Jonas , Müller Lisa , Kittel Margarethe , Ivens Katrin , Gruell Henning , Voges Anja , Schaal Heiner , Lübke Nadine , Königshausen Eva , Rump Lars Christian , Klein Florian , Stegbauer Johannes , Timm Jörg
Published: January 2025

Background

The emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants challenges immunity, particularly among immunocompromised kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). To address this, vaccines have been adjusted to circulating variants. Despite intensive vaccination efforts, SARS-CoV-2 infections surged among KTRs during the Omicron wave, enabling a direct comparison of variant-specific immunity following-vaccination against Omicron BA.4/5 or Omicron infection in KTRs.

Methods

98 SARS-CoV-2 naïve KTRs who had received four vaccine doses were studied. Before and after a 5th antigen exposure, either via the bivalent vaccine composed of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron BA.4/5 (29 KTRs) or via natural infection with Omicron (38 BA.4/5, 31 BA.1/2), spike-specific T cells were quantified using Elispot and serum pseudovirus neutralizing activity was assessed against the ancestral Wuhan strain, BA.5 and XBB.1.5.

Results

Compared to BA.4/5 vaccination, spike-specific T-cell responses and neutralization activity were higher up to six months post-Omicron infection and reached levels similar to healthy controls. Vaccinated KTRs showed modestly boosted neutralization activity against the Wuhan strain and BA.5, but not XBB.1.5. Baseline immunity correlated with immune responses three months post-vaccination and post-infection, indicating a predictive value for peak immune responses. Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab treatment was associated with robust neutralization of the Wuhan strain, but ineffective against XBB.1.5.

Conclusion

The BA.4/5 vaccine improved neutralizing activity against the BA.4/5 variant, but not against the subsequently circulating XBB.1.5 variant in KTRs. Conversely, omicron infection boosted T cells and humoral responses more effectively, showing efficacy against XBB.1.5. These findings suggest that infection-induced immunity associates with greater protection than vaccination against future variants in KTRs.
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis–a fifty year experience of Warsaw Center of bullous diseases
Authors: Kowalewski Cezary , Wozniak Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is a rare subepidermal blistering disorder characterized by the presence of linear IgA deposits at the basement membrane zone (BMZ) by direct immunofluorescence (DIF). This entity was first described by Chorzelski and Jablonska from Warsaw Center of Bullous Diseases, Poland. The disease affects children and adults, whereby they differ in terms of clinical picture and course. Among polish patients with LABD mucous membrane involvement was exceptional, although, we reported a case presenting severe scarring of esophagus and conjunctivae with circulating IgG and IgA antibodies to LAD-1 antigen. Severe mucosal involvement was also observed in IgA-epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA). Immunologically, LABD is characterized by circulating IgA antibodies directed to several epitopes of antigen BP180: LAD-1, 97kD, NC16A. Other BMZ antigens, like BP230, laminin 332, type VII collagen or p200 may be affected. We as a first published a case of anti-p200kD pemphigoid mediated by IgA. Our immunoelectron microscopic studies showed that the epitopes recognized by LABD sera are ultrastructurally localized in the lamina lucida. The antigenic heterogeneity, low titer of IgA antibodies and the lack of commercially available tests for some antigens (LAD-1, p200kD) makes the diagnosis challenging in many cases. It is under debate whether these cases are the subtypes of LABD or they represent a separate entities (IgA-p200 pemphigoid, IgA-MMP or IgA-EBA). Since, they differ in terms of clinical course, mucosal involvement, coexisting disorders, response to the treatment and prognosis, their differentiation is mandatory. In the literature there are many cases with undetectable circulating IgA antibodies in whom LABD was recognized based on DIF only. To avoid misdiagnosis, more sophisticated methods should be used, like direct immunoeletron microscopy (IEM), which is a time-consuming technique. The alternative for IEM may be: a) analysis of the BMZ serration pattern, b) immunofluorescence mapping of blister, c) direct salt split (patient’s) skin, d) fluorescence overlay antigen mapping by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The two latter methods were established by the authors years ago and they allowed precise diagnosis (i.e., differentiation LABD from IgA-EBA), initiation of proper therapy and assessment of prognosis in many cases mediated by IgA.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease: a key frontier for future targeted therapies
Authors: Wang Shuguang , Liao Zuning , Zhang Qiying , Han Xinyuan , Liu Changqing , Wang Jin
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, accounting for approximately 70% of dementia cases worldwide. Patients gradually exhibit cognitive decline, such as memory loss, aphasia, and changes in personality and behavior. Research has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the onset and progression of AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction primarily leads to increased oxidative stress, imbalances in mitochondrial dynamics, impaired mitophagy, and mitochondrial genome abnormalities. These mitochondrial abnormalities are closely associated with amyloid-beta and tau protein pathology, collectively accelerating the neurodegenerative process. This review summarizes the role of mitochondria in the development of AD, the latest research progress, and explores the potential of mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies for AD. Targeting mitochondria-related pathways may significantly improve the quality of life for AD patients in the future.
Fatty acid synthase inhibition improves hypertension-induced erectile dysfunction by suppressing oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
Authors: Luan Jiaochen , Yu Mengchi , Gu Qi , Zhou Xuan , Shao Yunqiang , Chen Tong , Zhang Jiayi , Zhu Zheng , Song Ninghong , Yang Jie
Published: January 2025

Background

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent male sexual disorder, commonly associated with hypertension, though the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Objective

This study aims to explore the role of Fatty acid synthase (Fasn) in hypertension-induced ED and evaluate the therapeutic potential of the Fasn inhibitor C75.

Materials and methods

Erectile function was assessed by determining the intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP) ratio, followed by the collection of cavernous tissue for transcriptomic and non-targeted metabolomic analyses. In vitro, a concentration of 10-6 M angiotensin II (Ang II) was applied to rat aortic endothelial cells (RAOECs) to establish a model of hypertension. In vivo, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly divided into two groups. The SHR+C75 group received intraperitoneal injections of C75 at a dose of 2 mg/kg once a week. After five weeks of treatment, the erectile function of the rats was assessed, and penile tissues were harvested for further analysis. Molecular and protein expression were assessed using Western blotting, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and immunohistochemistry.

Results

The SHR exhibited ED, indicated by reduced maximum ICP/MAP ratios. Histologically, corpus cavernosum tissue of SHR showed elevated fibrosis and endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, increased expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome, Caspase-1, GSDMD, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 was observed. Multi-omics analysis revealed significant enrichment in lipid metabolic pathways, with Fasn identified as a hub gene. In vitro, siFasn and C75 enhanced antioxidant markers Nrf2 and HO-1, reduced ROS accumulation, and suppressed NLRP3 and GSDMD levels. In vivo, C75 treatment restored endothelial function and reversed erectile dysfunction, accompanied by decreased oxidative stress and pyroptosis in the penile corpus cavernosum.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that Fasn inhibition may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for hypertension-induced ED by alleviating oxidative stress and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent endothelial cell pyroptosis via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
Genetic variations suggests that Takifugu rubripes, T. chinensis, and T. pseudommus are the same species with a shared gene pool
Authors: Lee Ji Young , Kim Kun Hee , Lee Hyuk Je , Hwang Sun-Goo , Kang Tae Sun
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Pufferfish are valuable ingredients and important fishery resources in Asia. Among them, approximately 25 Takifugu species have undergone explosive speciation in the marine environments of East Asia. Specifically, T. rubripes, T. pseudommus, and T. chinensis are remarkably similar in appearance and genetics, and their classification remains controversial. Here, we provide comprehensive genetic and genomic evidence regarding their speciation and classification.

Methods

Whole genome sequencing was performed on T. pseudommus, leading to the identification and development of 15 novel tandem simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from its genomic data. Genetic diversity, differentiation, and population structure among T. rubripes, T. pseudommus, T. chinensis, and T. xanthopterus were subsequently analyzed using a combination of these 15 SSR loci and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (CoI) and cytochrome b (CytB) gene sequences. Furthermore, genomic variations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions, and deletions, were identified by comparing the genome of T. pseudommus with the reference T. rubripes genome retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information. These variations were screened using ENSEMBL annotation and gene ontology analysis, and their potential association with morphological differences, such as dorsal spot patterns, was evaluated using reference Takifugu specimens.

Results and discussion

Population genetic analysis of T. rubripes, T. pseudommus, and T. chinensis using the CoI and CytB genes, combined with the 15 SSR loci, revealed clustering into a single genetic group characterized by remarkably low genetic diversity (four haplotypes, with diversity values ranging from 0.0000 to 0.00065) and minimal pairwise differentiation (microsatellite-based FST values ranging from -0.0021 to 0.0075). Additionally, comparative genomic analysis between T. pseudommus and the reference T. rubripes genome did not identify genetic variations that could directly explain the observed morphological differences among the species. These findings strongly suggest that T. rubripes, T. pseudommus, and T. chinensis represent a single species sharing a common genetic pool.
Highly pathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus BJ-11 unveils genetic evolution related to virulence in calves
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Cheng Jing , Guo Yu , Hu Yibin , Zhao Zhuo , Liu Wenxiao , Zhou Linyi , Wu Peize , Cheng Chunjie , Yang Chun , Yang Jing , Du Enqi , Li Yongqing
Published: January 2025

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhea, which causes significant economic loss to the global livestock industry. Despite the widespread use of inactivated BVDV vaccines, highly pathogenic strains continue to emerge. In China, regional variations in BVDV subtypes, morbidities, and symptoms, however, only the BVDV 1a subtype vaccine is currently approved. Therefore, this study is to gain insight into the biological characteristics and genetic variation of BVDV strains prevalent in Beijing. Meanwhile, this will provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for the prevention and control of BVDV, as well as raise awareness of the potential for virulence enhancement caused by the unregulated use of BVDV vaccines. In this study, A BVDV strain, BJ-11, was isolated from calves that died of diarrhea and vaccinated of BVDV. To evaluate its virulence, newborn calves were experimentally infected with the BJ-11. Clinical signs included fever, diarrhea, bloody stools, anorexia, and death in some cases. A marked reduction in leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were observed, accompanied by an increase in neutrophil counts. Histopathological changes manifested as severe lung lesions. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that BJ-11 belongs to the BVDV 1b subtype, genetically closest to the JL-1 strain. Analysis of the E2 glycosylation site disappeared (298SYT) in one of the four common glycosylation sites in the BVDV-1, which has been reported to affect the ability of the virus to infect and an additional glycosylation site (122NGS). These results indicate that BJ-11 is a highly pathogenic strain evolved from a low-virulence ancestor and should be served as a challenge strain. Simultaneously, these results contribute to a broader understanding of BVDV and whether imperfect vaccination strategies lead to reversal of immunosuppressive virulence.
Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shan Jiatong , Li Zehong , Ji Minxiu , Zhang Miao , Zhang Caidi , Zhu Yikang , Feng Zhen
Published: January 2025

Background

Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) has emerged as a novel noninvasive adjunct therapy for advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD), yet no quantitative analysis had been conducted to assess its therapeutic effect.

Objectives

This review aimed to investigate the efficacy of tVNS on motor function, other potential clinical targets and its safety in various treatment conditions.

Methods

We searched six databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involved treating PD patients with tVNS. Primary outcome was motor functions, including severity of motor signs, functional mobility and balance, and gait parameters. Secondary outcomes were cognition, emotion, sleep related impairments, patient reported non-motor outcomes, and any adverse events. All outcomes were classified and analyzed according to the treatment duration and medication condition of an included study. Risk of bias was evaluated by referencing Cochrane risk of bias tool 1.0. Data was analyzed by Revman 5.4.

Results

6 RCTs with 176 PD patient were included. Several motor functions and non-motor functions measured during on-medication condition (severity of motor signs −0.48 [95% CI −0.93, −0.04], gait −0.48 [95% CI −0.85, −0.1], patients reported non-motor outcomes −0.4 [95% CI −0.78, −0.03]), improved significantly. However, verbal fluency, sleep-related impairment, and fatigue were negatively impacted by tVNS during on-medication condition. No distinct adverse events were reported.

Conclusion

tVNS is a relatively safe adjunct treatment for PD. It has small to moderate therapeutic effects on motor functions and may negatively impact on a few other outcomes. Quality level of the evidence is low and further research is warranted.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails, identifier CRD42024503322 (PROSPERO).
Integrating attention mechanism and boundary detection for building segmentation from remote sensing images
Authors: Liu Ping , Gao Yu , Zheng Xiangtian , Wang Hesong , Zhao Yimeng , Wu Xinru , Lu Zehao , Yue Zhichuan , Xie Yuting , Hao Shufeng
Published: January 2025

Accurate building segmentation has become critical in various fields such as urban management, urban planning, mapping, and navigation. With the increasing diversity in the number, size, and shape of buildings, convolutional neural networks have been used to segment and extract buildings from such images, resulting in increased efficiency and utilization of image features. We propose a building semantic segmentation method to improve the traditional Unet convolutional neural network by integrating attention mechanism and boundary detection. The attention mechanism module combines attention in the channel and spatial dimensions. The module captures image feature information in the channel dimension using a one-dimensional convolutional cross-channel method and automatically adjusts the cross-channel dimension using adaptive convolutional kernel size. Additionally, a weighted boundary loss function is designed to replace the traditional semantic segmentation cross-entropy loss to detect the boundary of a building. The loss function optimizes the extraction of building boundaries in backpropagation, ensuring the integrity of building boundary extraction in the shadow part. Experimental results show that the proposed model AMBDNet achieves high-performance metrics, including a recall rate of 0.9046, an IoU of 0.7797, and a pixel accuracy of 0.9140 on high-resolution remote sensing images, demonstrating its robustness and effectiveness in precise building segmentation. Experimental results further indicate that AMBDNet improves the single-class recall of buildings by 0.0322 and the single-class pixel accuracy by 0.0169 in the high-resolution remote sensing image recognition task.
Viral encephalitis and seizures cause rapid depletion of neuronal progenitor cells and alter neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus
Authors: Pauletti Alberto , Gurlo Polina , Weiß Edna , DePaula-Silva Ana Beatriz , Wilcox Karen S. , Bröer Sonja
Published: January 2025

Infections impacting the central nervous system (CNS) constitute a substantial predisposing factor for the emergence of epileptic seizures. Given that epilepsy conventionally correlates with hippocampal sclerosis and neuronal degeneration, a potentially innovative avenue for therapeutic intervention involves fostering adult neurogenesis, a process primarily occurring within the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG) through the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSC). While experimental seizures induced by chemoconvulsants or electrical stimulation transiently enhance neurogenesis, the effects of encephalitis and the resultant virus-induced seizures remain inadequately understood. Thus, this study employed the Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus (TMEV) model of virus-induced seizures in adult C57BL/6J mice to investigate the impact of infection-induced seizures on neurogenesis at three distinct time points [3, 7, and 14 days post-infection (dpi)]. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a reduction in the overall number of proliferating cells post-infection. More notably, the specific cell types exhibiting proliferation diverged between TMEV and control (CTR) mice: (1) Neuronal progenitors (doublecortin, DCX+) were almost entirely absent at 3 dpi in the dorsal DG. They resumed proliferation at 14 dpi, but, did not recover to CTR levels, and displayed aberrant migration patterns. (2) The number of proliferating NSCs significantly decreased within the dorsal DG of TMEV mice at 14 dpi compared to CTR, while (3) a heightened population of proliferating astrocytes was observed. Most observed changes were not different between seizing and non-seizing infected mice. In summary, our findings demonstrate that viral infection rapidly depletes neuronal progenitor cells and causes aberrant migration of the remaining ones, potentially contributing to hyperexcitability. Additionally, the increased differentiation toward glial cell fates in infected mice emerges as a possible additional pro-epileptogenic mechanism.
Cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale: endeavoring for clarity
Authors: Amini Tohid
Published: January 2025

This review aims to summarize current knowledge and highlight recent findings on the association between cryptogenic stroke (CS) and patent foramen ovale (PFO). By presenting sometimes conflicting data, the review underscores the necessity for further research to clarify the complex mechanisms behind PFO-related CS and optimize its management. Results from research identifies specific conditions and scores, such as the risk of paradoxical embolism (RoPE) score, that help assess the likelihood of PFO-related cryptogenic stroke and guide treatment decisions. PFO closure has demonstrated substantial benefits in select cases, especially those with high-risk PFO features, though complications such as atrial fibrillation were frequently documented. Biomarker measurements, such as reduced total homocysteine (tHcy) level after PFO closure or high D-dimer levels indicating a higher risk of stroke recurrence, represent newer areas of study with a promising future in medical practice. Cryptogenic stroke (CS) remains a diagnostic challenge. This article reviews the current understanding of PFO-related CS, focusing on the interplay of concomitant pathological conditions, PFO closure, stroke recurrence, and some of the related biomarkers.
Berberine alleviates enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced intestinal mucosal barrier function damage in a piglet model by modulation of the intestinal microbiome
Authors: Du Min , Liu Xinran , Ji Xu , Wang Yue , Liu Xiaodan , Zhao Chunfang , Jin Erhui , Gu Youfang , Wang Hongyu , Zhang Feng
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Enterotoxic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the main pathogen that causes diarrhea, especially in young children. This disease can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality and is a major global health concern. Managing ETEC infections is challenging owing to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Berberine, categorized as a substance with similarities in “medicine and food,” has been used in China for hundreds of years to treat gastrointestinal disorders and bacteria-induced diarrhea. This study investigated the preventive effect of dietary berberine on the intestinal mucosal barrier induced by ETEC and the microbial community within the intestines of weaned piglets.

Methods

Twenty-four piglets were randomly divided into four groups. Piglets were administered either a standard diet or a standard diet supplemented with berberine at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1%. and orally administered ETEC or saline.

Results

Dietary supplementation with berberine reduced diamine oxidase, d-lactate, and endotoxin levels in piglets infected with ETEC (P < 0.05). Berberine increased jejunal villus height, villus/crypt ratio, mucosal thickness (P < 0.05), and goblet cell numbers in the villi and crypts (P < 0.05). Furthermore, berberine increased the optical density of mucin 2 and the mucin 2, P-glycoprotein, and CYP3A4 mRNA expression levels (P < 0.05). Berberine increased the expressions of zonula occludins-1 (ZO-1), zonula occludins-2 (ZO-2), Claudin-1, Occludin, and E-cadherin in the ileum (P < 0.05). Moreover, berberine increased the expression of BCL2, reduced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis (P < 0.05) and decreased the expression of BAX and BAK in the duodenum and jejunum, as well as that of CASP3 and CASP9 in the duodenum and ileum (P < 0.05). Berberine decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IFN-γ (P < 0.05) and elevated total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid concentrations (P < 0.05). Notably, berberine enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacteria including Enterococcus, Holdemanella, Weissella, Pediococcus, Muribaculum, Colidextribacter, Agathobacter, Roseburia, Clostridium, Fusicatenibacter, and Bifidobacterium. Simultaneously, the relative abundance of harmful and pathogenic bacteria, such as Prevotella, Paraprevotella, Corynebacterium, Catenisphaera, Streptococcus, Enterobacter, and Collinsella, decreased (P < 0.05).

Discussion

Berberine alleviated ETEC-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage in weaned piglets models. This is associated with enhancement of the physical, chemical, and immune barrier functions of piglets by enhancing intestinal microbiota homeostasis.
Higher 3-year recurrence-free survival rate in patients with complete pathological remission following neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus immunotherapy for esophageal cancer: a two-center, propensity score matching study
Authors: Zhang Hai , He Haiquan , Feng Qingyi , Wu Bomeng , Chen Ying , Zhang Zhenyang , Zhou Linrong , Li Cui , Lin Wanli , Lin Jiangbo
Published: January 2025

Background

Neoadjuvant therapy is preferentially recommended for resectable locally advanced esophageal malignancies, with patients who achieve pathological complete response (PCR) anticipated to have longer survival rates. The aim of this study was to compare 3-year follow-up data for patients with esophageal malignancy who achieved PCR through neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCRT) and to compare the findings with those of neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy (nICT).

Methods

This retrospective study included 85 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent surgical resection following nCRT (n=47) or nICT (n=38) between January 1, 2016 and January 1, 2020 at Fujian Medical University Union Hospital and Gaozhou People’s Hospital. Propensity score matching was used to match baseline data and reduce bias between the patient groups. Data during the neoadjuvant treatment and perioperative periods were compared, and follow-up was performed to evaluate differences in 3-year survival rate and recurrence-free survival.

Results

After propensity score matching, 28 nCRT patients and 38 nICT patients were included. During neoadjuvant therapy, the nCRT group had higher incidences of leukopenia and neutropenia than did the nICT group. No significant differences were observed in the incidences of hemoglobin decrease, platelet decrease, liver function damage, elevated serum creatinine, diarrhea, radioactive pneumonia or immunotherapy-related pneumonia, and esophageal perforation. The nCRT group had fewer lymph node dissections and lymph node stations. Postoperative lung infection (50.00%) was significantly higher in the nICT group than in the nCRT group (25.00%). The 3-year survival rates were 97.37% and 85.71% in the nICT and nCRT groups, respectively; the 3-year recurrence-free survival rate was significantly lower in the nCRT group (82.14%) than in the nICT group (97.37%, P=0.02).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that patients with esophageal cancer who achieve PCR after nICT treatment may have lower rates of disease recurrence.
A preliminary study of linear accelerator-based spatially fractionated radiotherapy
Authors: Lee Young Kyu , Seol Yunji , Kim Byeong Jin , Choi Kyu Hye , Hong Ji Hyun , Park Chan-beom , Kim Sun Hwa , Park Hyeong Wook , Cheon Wonjoong , Kang Young Nam , Choi Byung‑Ock
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to provide quantitative information for implementing Lattice radiotherapy (LRT) using a medical linear accelerator equipped with the Millennium 120 multi-leaf collimator (MLC). The research systematically evaluated the impact of varying vertex diameters and separations on dose distribution, peak-to-valley dose ratio (PVDR), and normal tissue dose.

Methods

A cylindrical Virtual Water™ phantom was used to create LRT treatments using the Eclipse version 16.0 treatment planning system (Varian, Palo Alto, USA). The plans were optimized employing a 3 × 3 × 3 lattice structure with vertex diameters ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 cm and separations from 1.0 to 5.0 cm. The prescribed dose was 20.0 Gy to 50% of the vertex volume in a single fraction. Peak-to-valley dose ratio (PVDR) was calculated along three orthogonal axes, and normal tissue dose and monitor units (MU) were analyzed. Additionally, the modulation complexity score (MCS) was calculated for each plan to quantitatively assess treatment plan complexity.

Results

The PVDR analysis demonstrated heterogeneous dose distribution, with optimal values below 30% in all directions for 5.0 cm separation. PVDR in the superior-inferior direction was consistently lower than in other directions. Normal tissue dose analysis revealed increasing mean dose with larger diameters and separations, while the volume receiving high doses decreased. MU analysis showed significant contributions from collimator angles of 315.0° and 45.0°. MCS values ranged from 0.02 to 0.17 for 0.5 cm vertex diameter and 0.08 to 0.20 for larger diameters (1.0-2.0 cm) across different separations, respectively.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the technical feasibility of implementing LRT using a medical linear accelerator with Millennium 120 MLC. The findings provide insights into optimizing LRT treatment plans, offering a comprehensive quantitative reference for achieving desired dose heterogeneity while maintaining normal tissue protection.
Pediatric gallbladder torsion managed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a case report and scoping review
Authors: Sun Yi , Fang Zheng , Cao Xu , Zhang Ting , Liu Xiaobo , Zhang Jie , Xiong Qianwei , Wu Bin , Yan Xiangming
Published: January 2025

Gallbladder torsion (GT), characterized by the axial rotation of the cystic duct and cystic artery, is a critical condition that predominantly affects elderly women and is infrequently observed in children. Chronic cholecystitis associated with incomplete GT is a particularly rare phenomenon. This article presents a pediatric case of chronic cholecystitis associated with incomplete GT. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) were utilized to confirm the diagnosis in the child. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was successfully performed on the child, with no postoperative complications. For children with chronic cholecystitis associated with incomplete GT, clinical manifestations may improve. However, due to the presence of congenital anatomical abnormalities, children's symptoms may recur. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy can prevent the acute onset of torsion and potential difficulties in diagnosis at later stages.
Polydatin protects against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis via Nrf2/Slc7a11/Gpx4-dependent inhibition of ferroptosis signalling activation
Authors: Zheng Shimin , Yin Jianbin , Wang Bingbing , Ye Qiujuan , Huang Jialuo , Liang Xinzhi , Wu Junfeng , Yue Hui , Zhang Ting
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Ulcerative colitis (UC), a form of inflammatory irritable bowel disease, is characterized by a recurrent and persistent nonspecific inflammatory response. Polydatin (PD), a natural stilbenoid polyphenol with potent properties, exhibits unexpected beneficial effects beyond its well-documented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In this study, we presented evidence that PD confers protection against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis.

Methods

The protective effect of PD on colitis was examined in cultured caco-2 cells and DSS-induced colitis mouse model. Bulk RNA sequencing and differential gene expression analysis were used to investigate the protective mechanism of PD on DSS-induced colitis. Ferroptosis was determined by MDA levels, SOD levels, mitochondrial iron accumulation and ROS production. Ferroptosis-related proteins Slc7a11, Nrf2 and Gpx4 levels were measured by western blot, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining.

Results

PD mitigated the DSS-induced increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β), alleviated colon length shortening, reduced morphological damage to the intestinal mucosa, and preserved tight junction proteins (TJ) occludin and Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in both caco-2 cells and murine models of colitis. Mechanistically, PD reversed the reduction of Nrf2, Slc7a11 and Gpx4, the degree of nuclear translocation of Nrf2 induced by DSS in vitro and in vivo significantly. Moreover, the protective effect of PD is attenuated by erastin and resembled that of Fer-1 in caco-2 cells model.

Discussion

Our study suggested that PD protects against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis via Nrf2/Slc7a11/Gpx4-dependent inhibition of ferroptosis signalling activation. Further investigation into the precise mechanisms underlying this phenomenon is warranted. The findings presented herein indicated that PD may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for patients with UC.
Application of MEMS technology in anti-electromagnetic radiation maternity clothes: state of the art and future perspectives
Authors: Luo Ye-Cheng , Bai Qingmei , Skrzypacz Piotr
Published: January 2025

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the application of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology in anti-electromagnetic radiation maternity wear. The review commences with an elaboration of the electromagnetic shielding principles of traditional materials and the principle of anti-electromagnetic radiation. Subsequently, the role of MEMS in maternity clothing is detailed, including the real-time monitoring of radiation via sensors, the enhancement of fabric shielding through electrospinning and material deposition, and the realization of intelligent functions such as micro-actuators and communication modules. Furthermore, the review considers the optimization of performance, taking into account factors such as electromagnetic shielding, air permeability and comfort. Furthermore, the article addresses the challenges of ensuring comfort and power supply. The article concludes by emphasizing the potential of MEMS in protecting pregnant women and fetuses and proposes future research directions, including an in-depth exploration of the working principles, technical specifications, and performance characteristics of key MEMS components (sensors and micro-actuators), as well as research on the combination and The combination of MEMS technology with existing anti-radiation technologies, such as traditional metal fiber fabrics and nanomaterials, has the potential to yield significant synergistic effects. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of performance optimization, including durability and washing stability of maternity clothes, is essential. Additionally, the exploration of emerging technologies, such as bubble electrospinning in maternity clothes, could lead to innovative applications in this field.
Citrus transcription factor CsERF1 is involved in the response to citrus tristeza disease
Authors: Chen Qi , Yan Fulin , Liu Jing , Xie Zhipeng , Jiang Junyao , Liang Jiamei , Chen Jing , Wang Huanhuan , Liu Jinxiang
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is a threat to the citrus production and causes severe economic losses to the citrus industry. Ethylene response factors (ERFs) play important roles in plant growth and stress responses. Although ERF genes have been widely studied in model plants, little is known about their role in biological stress responses in fruit trees, such as citrus. CsERF1 belongs to the citrus AP2/ERF transcription factor family.

Methods

To determine the role of CsERF1 on CTV resistance in citrus and the effects of the exongenous hormone application on CsERF1 in citrus, the expression of related genes was quantitatively analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in this study.

Results

The expression profile showed that the expression level of CsERF1 in roots was significantly lower under CTV infection than in healthy plants, while the expression level in stems was significantly increased. CsERF1 responded to exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments. The CTV titer in RNAi-CsERF1 transgenic sweet orange plants significantly increased. Furthermore, CsERF1-overexpressing and RNAi-CsERF1 transgenic sweet orange plants exhibited differential expression of genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA) and SA signaling.

Discussion

These results suggest that CsERF1 mediates CTV resistance by regulating the JA and SA signaling pathways. The results of this study provide new clues as to the citrus defence response against CTV. It is of great significance to create citrus germplasm resources resistant to recession disease.
Barriers and facilitators to implementing person-centred dementia care in long-term care facilities in Western and Asian countries: a scoping review
Authors: Guan Xin , Duan A-min , Xin Gong-kai , Oyebode Jan , Liu Yu
Published: January 2025

Background

There is a gap between the principles of person-centred dementia care and their actual implementation. However, scoping reviews of the barriers and facilitators to implementing person-centred dementia care in long-term care facilities for Western countries and Asian countries are lacking.

Objective

To identify and compare the barriers and facilitators to implementing person-centred dementia care in long-term care facilities between Western and Asian countries.

Methods

In line with Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology, a scoping review was conducted and is reported following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Nine English language databases and three Chinese databases were searched to identify qualitative and quantitative research studies published in English and Chinese. Thematic analysis was used to summarise and characterize the barriers and facilitators to implementing person-centred dementia care in long-term care facilities for Western and Asian countries.

Results

Thirty-three studies were included. Over half were conducted in Western countries (n =20). Barriers and facilitators were grouped under four high level themes: Nursing and care staff factors, people living with dementia and family factors, organizational factors, and resource factors. Inadequate knowledge of person-centred care, staffing shortages, time constraints, and low wages were the principal barriers to implementing person-centred dementia care in both Western and Asian countries.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that staff encounter numerous obstacles and needs in implementing person-centred care for people living with dementia in long-term care settings. Educational levels of nursing staff in Western countries were generally higher compared to Asian countries. Additionally, work-related injuries and stigma associated with dementia care presented unique challenges for nursing staff in Asia and were not cited in Western studies. Conversely, family-related factors were more frequently and elaborately cited as influencing person-centred dementia care in Western long-term care facilities. Moreover, Asian studies identified a significant lack of educational training support for person-centred dementia care, as well as shortages in staffing and poor availability of personalized, home-like environments