bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enzyme preparations in the technology of whole muscle turkey products
Authors: Kobylyatsky P S , Slozhenkina M I , Karatunov V A , Skripin P V , Nasirov Y Z , Mosolov A A
Published: March 2021

The article presents a study of the effects of the enzyme preparations of protepsin, bromelain, and therizine on the quality characteristics of whole muscle turkey products. A technology has been developed and the enzyme preparations used in the production of whole muscle turkey products have been substantiated. Based on sensory and physicochemical studies, the optimal recipe composition of the product has been proposed. The quality regularities of whole muscle turkey products with respect to the enzyme preparation have been determined. The comparative study of technological parameters, affecting the enzymatic activity, has found that the Protepsin enzyme preparation was optimal for the production of whole muscle turkey products. There have been established proper ripening time for the raw material (12 hours) and the concentration of the enzyme preparation in an amount of 0.2% of the process weight, which made it possible to reduce the technological time of manufacturing whole muscle products by 20%, increase the yield of the finished product by 13%, and reduce the production costs by 13.9%.
Designing a fermented sausage recipe for a healthy balanced diet
Authors: Giro T M , Berdnova E V , Tokareva V A , Korsunov V P , Korsunova E N
Published: March 2021

The formalization of biomedical requirements for fermented sausages for healthy and balanced nutrition was carried out, along with the selection of the ingredients for the recipe, which are enriched with components that improve the functional and technological properties. Using the method of computer simulation, there has been designed a recipe for fermented sausages enriched with an organic additive which reduces the residual level of sodium nitrite.
Characteristics of the cost of electricity consumption in agricultural production
Authors: Kudryashev G S , Tretyakov A N , Batishchev S V , Bochkarev V A , Ochirov V D
Published: March 2021

The paper deals with the issue of the specific contribution of the cost of electricity used for technological needs at agricultural enterprises. The analysis of the technological process of production has been carried out. The classification was completed on the degree of importance according to the volume of electricity consumption. The approximate specific consumption of electricity in the main branches of agricultural production was calculated. The structure of electricity consumption in agricultural sectors is presented. The main directions of optimization of energy consumption costs are shown.
Introduction of information technologies in the agricultural sector as one of the criteria for effective state policy in the field of agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation
Authors: Fastovich G G , Kapsargina S A
Published: March 2021

The article forms a number of features and problems of legal regulation of information technologies in relation to the institute of agro-industrial complex of modern Russia. During the analysis of legal acts, the authors come to the conclusion that the effectiveness of the state reforms will allow the Russian Federation to implement the vector directions of the information society development Strategy in the Russian Federation by 2030, which in turn will strengthen the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex.
Development of a braking energy recovery device for an agricultural robot
Authors: Barbashov N N , Barkova A A
Published: March 2021

Designing and creating new agricultural machines, their introduction into agricultural production and effective use requires taking into account and objectively evaluating many factors determined by the requirements of industry and the specifics of agricultural production. The scientific and technical process in the field of automation and mechanization of agricultural production is aimed at reducing specific energy costs, increasing the productivity and manageability of equipment, as well as compliance with environmental standards. To solve these tasks, mobile robots are actively used that can independently perform various operations related to sowing, tillage, plant care and harvesting. A promising method for improving the efficiency of agricultural machinery is the use of braking energy recovery, its accumulation and use during further acceleration. For this purpose, a device was developed and designed to reduce the energy consumption of agricultural robots without reducing the dynamic qualities and performance of the equipment.
Remote seeding diagnostics in the Chechen Republic
Authors: Bamatov I M , Bamatov D M , Arsanov M M
Published: March 2021

This research work discusses and illustrates the development of theoretical concepts of remote diagnostics of soils and technical potentials for diagnosing the germination, growth, and development of potato seeding process on the territory of Ltd. Scientific production firm “Sady Chechni”. In addition, the issues considered in this research article allow us to create the technological methods and techniques that allow more efficiency determine the need for agricultural crops to optimize their macro – and micronutrients.
Monitoring the temperature of the upper soil horizons in field crops in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe
Authors: Yakubailik O E , Bobrovsky A V , Kosov I V
Published: March 2021

The research was carried out in 2019 at the test fields of Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture of the Federal Research Center Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS located in the village of Minino, Yemelyanovsky District. Sensors were installed in spring wheat, spring barley and spring rapeseed to record soil temperature at different depths (0, 5, 15 cm). Temperature data were recorded hourly, at the beginning of each hour. Soil temperatures were recorded at different depths and registered for the main stages of plant development for different field crops. Studies have shown that the largest daily fluctuations in soil temperature occurred in the upper horizon for all the studied field crops. In 5 and 15 cm horizons soil temperature was less exposed to daily fluctuations. The dynamics of changes in soil temperature was monitored with the special focus on the stage of plant development. In the stage of seedlings, when the surface horizon of the soil is open, the greatest daily fluctuations were fixed; with the increase in biomass, the shading of the soil surface changed, while the soil temperature in the upper horizons decreased.
Clustering of small watersheds over annual precipitation data reveals sounding correspondence to the cluster pattern determined by annual temperature course
Authors: Erunova M G , Sadovsky M G
Published: March 2021

Previously, highly informative clustering of small watersheds provided over the annual temperature course has been reported. Here we report on the interplay between the pattern and the distribution of small watersheds developed over the annual precipitation data. A sounding correlation between these two cluster structures is found. To reveal the correspondence, smart methods of both spatial and comprehensive analysis have been implemented. We used advanced GIS tools to detect the spatial behavior of the data under consideration, and elastic map technique to reveal the cluster patterns in the space of environmental data (temperature and precipitation). Some further applications and perspective studies in this area are discussed.
The structure and content of the database on the nucleotide sequences of BLV isolates improved with the use of information technologies
Authors: Kozyreva N G
Published: March 2021

As a result of molecular genetic monitoring of bovine leukemia based on a set of methods (gene diagnostics - polymerase chain reaction (PCR), automatic sequencing; molecular phylogenetics) phylogenetic analysis presents the structure of an improved own replenished database (DB) for the characterized nucleotide sequences of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV), which includes information arrays contained in interconnected tables, which allows accumulating, storing, and combining all data through the formation of structured queries and reports with specified parameters in the database management system. At the same time, the results of the study are presented on the prevalence of BLV in the territories of some regions of Russia and Ukraine among the livestock; comparative analysis of genetic variants of the virus by genome loci: pol with clustering of the studied isolates into clade 1; env with the identification of 5 genotypes (GI (4%), GII (6%), GIV (79%), GVII (10%), GVIII (1%)) with the dominance of genotype IV (“European cluster”). In the course of the study, a low level of genetic variability among field isolates of BLV was established for the pol - 1.9% and env - 0.2-1.8% gene loci (depending on the genotype). This information product is registered in the register of databases: certificate of state registration No 2020620530 dated 23.03.2020.
Productivity of rabbits when using the drug “KED+LBA” in their diets
Authors: Rasskazova N T , Tsoy Z V , Pulinets A K
Published: March 2021

The rabbit is an important agricultural species, due to its high productivity, precocity, relative unpretentiousness in care, the possibility of use in the fur industry and the production of high-value dietary meat. Public and private organizations are concerned about the lack of industrial production of rabbit meat in Russia, as the demand for this product is growing. The quantity and quality of meat is more dependent on a full-fledged, balanced diet for nutrients and metabolic energy. In the conditions of the Primorsky territory, vegetable raw materials of the far Eastern flora are increasingly used in the practice of animal husbandry. It is used to balance the rations of the missing elements to improving the palatability of the basic feed, improvement of digestibility, purposeful change of the metabolism and the prophylaxis of stress conditions of animals. The article discusses the effect of the drug “KED+LBA” on the productivity of young rabbits in the conditions of Primorye.
Measures against exo- and endogenous stages of pig coccidia in industrial farms
Authors: Safiullin R T , Skachkov D P
Published: March 2021

Studies conducted in different regions of the country have shown that piglets up to 30 days of age are infected with isospores from 10 to 60%, with an invasion rate of 2 to 50 specimens in the field of view of the microscope. The average extensiveness of eimerious infestation in pigs across the country was 25.2%, with fluctuations in federal districts from 10.5 to 35.2%. The authors have tested and propose toltrazuril and diclazuril against the endogenous stages of young pig coccidia. Kenocox and Aymericide showed encouraging results against the exogenous stages of coccidia in the disinfestation of pigsties. High efficiency is obtained from the complex use of drugs against exogenous and endogenous stages of coccidia.
Development of a sequence automaton for recognition of deviations indicators in diagnosis of natural systems
Authors: Kostarev S N , Tatarnikova N A , Kochetova O V , Sereda T G
Published: March 2021

Much attention is now being paid to the development of automated devices for rapid disease diagnosis in veterinary medicine and medicine in general. One of the directions in medical instrumentation designing is the development of methods for automated disease diagnosis. This article is devoted to the automatization of pathology detection in histological analysis. The topology of pathologies of morphostructural changes in cells may have a tree-like structure, which makes the development of methods, software and hardware implementation of tools relevant for determination of the disease pathology. The three-level pathology system of structural changes in cell tissues obtained by histological analysis has been studied. It was suggested to use sequential logic, based on the Mealy machine, for the development of automated system for pathology indicators detection. Hartley binary measure for this topology of structural changes in tissues has been calculated and the indicator encoding has been given. The method of automated diagnosis based on the analysis of pathology indicators has been developed. An example of building an automatic recognition machine of pathology indicators on hard logics considered. It is relevant when using programmable logic device. The logical equations implemented in the combination scheme of the device are obtained. Simulation modeling to identify pathology indicators is performed. It is suggested to use the developed method of determining the disease indicators when designing the automated histological analyzer.
Anthropogenic transformation of the species: pathways and consequences
Authors: Lebedev I G , Pimenov N V , Lomskov M A , Ivannikova R F
Published: March 2021

In this article the authors discuss potential ways of anthropogenic transformation of animal species (primarily vertebrates, for example, birds (Aves) and mammals (Mammalia)), as well as the consequences of these processes, which can be considered as mechanisms of domestication of organisms. At present, the problems under consideration, which are at the junction of the studied zoology, animal science and veterinary medicine, in Russian science to a very small extent. However, given the fact of active anthropogenic transformation of the environment, including, for example, the creation of domestic animals used in various biotechnologies, the problem of creating a fundamental theoretical base in the field of cultivation of organisms remains relevant and still not fully resolved. Research shows that the expansion of knowledge and the creation of a well-founded and reasoned theoretical concept of the domestication process will make it possible to predict, control and prevent, for example, a number of veterinary problems caused by the nosological consequences of anthropogenic transformation of organisms.
Cow productivity index depending on their linearity
Authors: Alekseeva E A , Chetvertakova E V
Published: March 2021

The studies were carried out in “Tubinsk” JSC, Krasnoturansky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Red-and-white cows of Reflection Sovereign 198998, Vis Back Ideal 1013415, Pabst Governor 882993, Rosafe Sition 267150, Siling Trijun Rokit 252803 lines were taken as the object of the study. Milk productivity was taken into account and productivity index was calculated. It was identified that the cow index of productivity on the farm should be 1,200 and higher. However, the desired result was not achieved. According to the first lactation, the indicators of bulls’ daughters of lines R. Sovereign and P. Governor were most consistent with this value - 1.007 and 1.033, respectively. By the third lactation, the daughters of lines R. Sovereign and V.B. Ideal approached the desired value - 1.008 and 1.077, respectively. Cows of different lines with high milk production more often left the herd, which may indicate a low adaptive ability to technologies. The daughters of line R. Sovereign showed the highest milk productivity (P≥0.95), the mass fraction of fat in milk was higher in the daughters of the P. Governor line (P≥0.999), the mass fraction of protein was higher in the daughters of R.Sition (P≥0.999). Dairy cattle breeding at “Tubinsk” JSC appears to be profitable. The level of profitability depends on milk productivity and makes 61.9% in the daughters of R. Sovereign and 65.3% in P. Governors, respectively. To improve milk productivity and its quality indicators off-springs of bulls-producers of R. Sovereign and P. Governors lines should be used, as well as breeding to increase the adaptability to technology.
Assessment of the microecological status of the rumen of cattle using the 16S Metagenomics method
Authors: Duskaev G K , Atlanderova K N , Yausheva E V , Nurzhanov B S , Rysaev A F , Makaeva A M , Levakhin G I
Published: March 2021

The paper presents an assessment of the microecological status of the rumen of cattle using the 16S metagenomics method against the background of the introduction of substances with bacteriostatic action. The analysis of the data showed that the introduction of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, both separately and in a composition with a plant extract, decreases the diversity of the bacterial landscape relative to the control group contained in the main diet, but did not have a significant effect on the complexity of bacterial communities. In all groups, the phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were of the greatest importance; their ratio directly depended on the use of the studied substances in the diet. The range of content of phylum Firmicutes started from 7.31% to 32.4%, phylum Bacteroidetes from 17.9% to 74.5% of the total number of bacteria, depending on the group. The exceptions were the groups that received the probiotic and prebiotic in a composition with the extract. In the first case, the greatest value belongs to the phylum Proteobacteria (67.9% of the total number) relatively to Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes (8.01% and 17.9% of the total number), in the second case, the phylum Fibrobacteres (21.3% of the total number) relatively to Firmicutes (7.31% of the total number). Bacteroidetes (70.6% of the total number of microorganisms) was the predominant representative of the taxon.
Vaccine prophylaxis of lumpy skin disease
Authors: Burkov P V , Shcherbakov P N , Slobodyanskiy S R , Scherbakova T B , Stepanova K V , Epanchintseva O V , Abdyramanova T D
Published: March 2021

Bovine lumpy skin disease is a viral disease that causes significant economic damage to dairy and beef cattle breeding. Its prevention is based on the vaccination of animals. The use of vaccines, on the one hand, allows to control the spread of the disease, on the other hand, to cause various complications in animals in the form of embryonic mortality and abortions. The use of immunostimulants is recommended to increase the effectiveness of vaccination of animals,. One of which may be a specific transfer factor. Transfer factor is a complex of simple and complex proteins that are able to sensitize the cells of the animal’s immune system to the antigen, accelerate the immunological response and prolong the effect of the vaccine, according to some data, up to one year. Its effect in vaccinating animals against lumpy skin disease has not been studied. The aim of the work was to assess the impact of a specific transfer factor on some indicators of the clinical status of animals during their vaccination against lumpy skin disease. During the study, it was found that vaccination of animals does not lead to an increase in body temperature above the physiological norm, viral antigens are not secreted through the genital tract of females. Vaccination of animals leads to liver dysfunction. This is manifested by an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase by 6%, the content of bilirubin by 39.3%, cholesterol by 19.9%. The use of transfer factor and the preparation Isidivit simultaneously with vaccinations, which has a hepatoprotective effect due to the content of vitamin E, allows to reduce the toxic effect of the vaccine on the liver. At the same time, the activity of alkaline phosphatase in comparison with the initial value decreases by 15.1%, the content of bilirubin increased only by 8.4%, and the content of cholesterol decreased by 5.5%.
The relationship of cell membrane permeability of wheat seedlings with resistance of the variety
Authors: Gurova T A , Denisyuk S G
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of studies on the possibility of using the indicator of the permeability of cell membranes, estimated by the specific electrical conductivity of water infusions of seedling tissues in assessing the stress resistance of wheat varieties. In laboratory vegetation experiments, the smallest changes in the value of the relative index of electrical conductivity and the rate of release of electrolytes in seedlings of resistant varieties of spring wheat were found under the combined action of hyperthermia of seeds (43 °C), chloride salinity (1.3 %) and the causative agent of common rot of cerealsBipolaris sorokinianaShoem. (5000 conidia per grain). The methodological techniques of conductometric measurements were experimentally determined, which ensure obtaining the maximum intervarietal differences under the combined action of stressors. The proposed approach will make it possible to assess new genotypes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors in breeding, crop production and biotechnology, accelerate the selection of breeding material and adjust agricultural technologies.
Effect of different doses of the tissue biostimulant on some indicators of the immune status of heifers at the age of 6 months
Authors: Pushkarev I A , Shanshin N V , Chekunkova J A , Martynov V A , Burtseva S V
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results, the purpose of which was to study the effect of the tissue biostimulant obtained from the slaughterhouse tankage of antler deers on some indicators of the immune status of heifers at the age of 6 months. Experimental studies were carried out in 2020 on the basis of Prigorodnoye Uchkhoz JSC of the Industrial District of Barnaul, the Altai Territory. For the experiment, we selected one-month-old heifers with an average live weight of 51.0 kg. Throughout the experiment, the animals of the experimental groups were given 1 injection in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months of raising with an interval of 30 days. The study preparation was administered subcutaneously into the lower third of the neck. Animals in the control group were administered with saline from 1 to 5 months of raising at a dose of 3 ml/head, at 6 months. - 6 ml/head, to analogs of the I experimental group from 1 to 5 months - 2 ml/head. At 6 months. - 4 ml/head, in II - from 1 to 5 months. - 3 ml/head, at 6 months - 6 ml/head, in III - from 1 to 5 months. - 4 ml/head at 6 months - 8 ml/head. According to the results of the experiment, it was found that the heifers of experimental group II had the best immune status, in which the largest increase of the indicators of spontaneous Nitro Blue Tetrazolium Reduction Test (NBT-test) was noted - by 12.5% (p≤0.01), of stimulated NBT-test - by 10.0% (p ≤0.05), of phagocytic index - by 5.8% (p≤0.05) in comparison with the control.
BLAD and CVM in the genetic structure of the cattle breeding stock in the Sverdlovsk region
Authors: Lihodeevskaya O E , Lihodeevskiy G A , Stepanova V V
Published: March 2021

The identification of lethal and unwanted mutations in populations of black-and-white cattle breeding remains relevant, despite the fact that, in modern conditions, breeding bulls are being investigated for a wide range of known genetic anomalies. The broodstock not only of commercial farms, but also of breeding ones, remains not examined for mutations that are associated with economic losses due to the nonviability of the offspring and perinatal losses, the causes of which cannot be identified excluding infectious and alimentary factors. The genotyping of the broodstock carried out for the first time in the Sverdlovsk region confirms the presence in herds of mutant forms of the CD18 and SLC35A3 gene alleles in a latent state. In the studied herds, regardless of their breeding status, the carriage of BLAD and CVM anomalies is observed from 2.08% to 13.51% and from 2.70% to 7.55%, respectively. In some farms, carriage of two mutations reaches 16.21%. The results obtained demonstrate the prevalence of carriage of the studied alleles in most genealogical lines of bulls of the Holstein root. Thus, in the Vis Bek Aydial 933122 line, six daughters from six sire bulls were found to carry these mutant loci, in the Reflection Sovering 198998 lines in eight daughters from three sire bulls and in the Montvik Chief 95679 line in three daughters from three bulls. Lethal alleles of both genes were found in each line. In breeding organizations, it is necessary to conduct research on the carriage of lethal and unwanted genes, especially in a group of cows-mothers of replacement bulls, to prevent the spread of anomalies in the breed.
Early detection of bovine respiratory disease in calves by induced cough
Authors: Chernitskiy A E , Safonov V A
Published: March 2021

100 Holstein calves aged 7-14 days investigated the effectiveness of various cough provocation methods for bovine respiratory disease early detection. The animals were evaluated according to the clinical scoring system WI, to provoke cough in calves, they performed: 15-minute run, 30-second apnea on exhalation, palpated the trachea in its lower third region and intravenously injected 0.6% hydrogen peroxide solution at 0.9 % sodium chloride solution at a dose of 0.4 ml per kg of body weight to induce H2O2-induced bronchoconstriction. Out of 100 calves, 60 were selected without spontaneous cough and with a WI clinical score of 3 points or less, in which the leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, nuclear shift index, and pH of exhaled breath condensate and the hydrogen peroxide concentration in exhaled breath. For 2 weeks, these animals were monitored daily for the bovine respiratory disease signs. It was established that 30-second apnea and H2O2-induced bronchoconstriction allow diagnosing bronchitis in calves 6-12 days before its symptom complex (peak) development when other symptoms are still absent and WI clinical score is 3 points or less. However, already at this disease stage, animals exhibit leukocytosis, increased serum content of haptoglobin, decreased pH exhaled breath condensate, and increased the hydrogen peroxide concentration in exhaled breath. The trachea lower third cough on palpation appearance indicates the tracheobronchitis early manifestations presence in calves. Trachea lower third Sequential palpation and 30-second apnoea to provoke coughing in calves allows not only the bovine respiratory disease early detection, but also to differentiate early bronchitis and tracheobronchitis manifestations.
Dependence of the number of potato minitubers on the method of planting micro-plants
Authors: Filippova S , Eliseeva L , Turbina E , Prokopyeva M , Selivanov A
Published: March 2021

Research is devoted to the study of the dependence of the number of mini-tubers of potatoes on the method of planting micro plants. Four ways of placing micro-plants of seven Russian varieties were studied: in pots made of cassettes and test tubes and in beds made of cassettes and test tubes. The method of planting micro-plants had an impact on the safety of plants, it was higher when planted from test tubes in beds 93.3-100 %. For all the studied varieties, with the exception Of the Samba variety, the most preferable was planting micro-plants in pots for seeding, in which there was an increase in the yield of mini-tubers. To get the largest number of mini-tubers of potatoes of the optimal fraction, plants of the meteor, Courtney and Reggae varieties should be grown in seedling cassettes before planting in pots, and plants of the Zumba and Salsa varieties should be planted directly from tubes. Plants planted in pots from seedling cassettes formed the smallest leaf area. The dependence of the mini-tubers on the leaf area was established for potato varieties meteor, Samba and Gulliver. The conducted research indicates the need to study the method of planting micro plants for each variety in order to determine the most optimal one, which allows increasing the yield of mini tubers.
A blood parameters comprehensive study in pigs with the microencapsulated probiotic preparation Antispin with the enzyme use
Authors: Trubnikov D V , Gorobets A Yu , Trubnikova E V , Kartashov M I , Belous A S
Published: March 2021

The article presents the haematological and biochemical blood parameters studies data obtained during the production test of the microencapsulated probiotic preparation Enzimsporin with an enzyme (crystalline trypsin) on Genesus genetics pigs in the fattening process. Data from three groups were analyzed: experimental group (microencapsulated Enzimsporin with enzyme), control group No. 1 (commercial non-encapsulated Enzimsporin) and control group No. 2 (without adding Enzimsporin to the feed). A general blood test showed that in animals receiving microencapsulated Enzimsporin with an enzyme, the erythrocytes and haemoglobin content reaches the upper physiological limit, which is significantly higher than in the control groups. When determining the blood biochemical parameters, a significant increase in the total protein and albumin amount in experimental animals was revealed by the 148th day of life. Reliably high glucose levels, within the physiological norm, were observed in animals receiving Enzimsporin, while in animals receiving the microencapsulated drug, the glucose level was significantly higher than in those receiving its unencapsulated form. The change in the trace elements level in the experimental animals’ blood showed regularities associated with an increase in the calcium amount and a decrease in phosphorus and magnesium. At the same time, an increase in the level of AST and ALT in the animals’ blood receiving Enzimsporin with an enzyme was noted by the 148th day of life. The observed immunoglobulins reliably high level throughout the experiment in experimental animals in comparison with control indicates a high resistance and pigs immune status.
Twinkle artefact diagnostic role when having dogs and cats’ digestive system ultrasonography
Authors: Tcygansky R A , Nekrasova I I , Shulunova A N , Sidelnikov A I , Horishko P A
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the description of the Doppler twinkle artefact recorded during transcutaneous ultrasound examination of dogs and cats’ alimentary canal and characterization of its clinical significance. The object of the study are dogs of different ages and different breeds (45) and cats (53). Ultrasound was performed on SonoAce R7 scanners (Samsung Medison Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea) and SIUI Apogee 1100 (Shantou Institute of Ultrasonic Instruments Co., Ltd., Guangdong, China) according to the standard technique using multifrequency convex and linear sensors with frequencies of 3.5-12 MHz. Reproduction of the twinkle artefact in the model was carried out using a plastic container with water in which objects with different densities and interfaces were placed. The characteristic of the “ twinkle artefact ” in Doppler scanning modes which we register only in pathology is given. In 14.7% of cases it was recorded on the surface of foreign bodies of the small intestine. When the artefact was reproduced in the model and it was established that it appeared on objects with a rough surface and high reflectivity. Also “twinkle artefact ” is described with hepatic parenchyma focal area of mineralization.
Coenocomplex and ecological area of Atragene speciosa Weinm. in the Altai-Sayan mountain region
Authors: Nekratova A N , Nekratova N A , Zverev A A , Zinner N S
Published: March 2021

Atragene speciosa Weinm. is a valuable nootropic medicinal plant, but not abundant in nature. The coenocomplex of Atragene speciosa consists mainly of dark coniferous taiga forest. The species composition of this cenocomplex includes 324 species, 74 of which are constant. According to humidity of habitats, this species is in the mesophyte group, and, according to the abundance and salinity or nutrient status of soil, it refers to the mesotrophic group. Cattle grazing is very little or absent in the sites of its vegetation.
Oxidative stress and its significance in the pregnancy pathogenesis in dairy cows
Authors: Safonov V , Ventsova I , Pelevina G
Published: March 2021

The lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant defence system indices in red-and-white dairy cows with the pregnancy pathology development - gestosis and with its physiological course - were investigated. The study objects were the Druzhba breeding plant (Voronezh region) animals with average annual milk production of 6,5 – 6,7 thousand kg. For the experiment, two groups were formed, the first (n=18) consisted of animals with gestosis clinical manifestations, the second (n-12) - animals with a pregnancy physiological course. The animals’ clinical condition was assessed using conventional methods. An increase in the malondialdehyde content in the animals’ blood with pathology, an increase in the catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity were found. The antioxidant defence non-enzymatic link components content - vitamin E and vitamin C - was reduced. With clinical gestosis, a decrease in the content of progesterone, testosterone, estradiol-17 β and cortisol in the blood plasma was noted, which indicates a fetoplacental complex functional insufficiency. Thus, oxidative stress arising against the imbalance background in the system “lipid peroxidation - antioxidant protection” is one of the factors determining the gestosis pathogenesis. The study results enhance the processes understanding occurring during the pregnancy pathological conditions development and will be useful in choosing prevention and therapy effective methods.
Identification of Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 in nasal swabs of naturally infected calves by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Simanova I N , Alexeyenkova S V , Anoyatbekova A M , Yurov K P
Published: March 2021

In this article, the results of molecular-genetic analyses of nasal swabs are presented. The experimental studies were carried out in the dairy farms of Vologda region suspected to the respiratory infections. The samples were obtained from the asymptomatic calves and from calves with cough and nasal discharges. The laboratory studies were conducted in the laboratory of virology of the FSC VIEV. The genome of the virus was detected by a polymerase chain reaction. The comparative analyses of identified nucleotide sequences of the virus with the reference strains of the International Nucleotide sequence database has shown the similarity with Bovine herpesvirus-5. Accordingly, as a result of our studies, the Bovine herpesvirus type 5 was identified in the nasal swabs of calves in farms of Vologda regions.
Pollen quality and pollen productivity of blue honeysuckle species and varieties
Authors: Yamburov M S , Prokopyev A S , Suchkova S A , Romanova S B , Chernova O D , Kataeva T N , Abzaltdenov T Z
Published: March 2021

Studies to assess the pollen quality and pollen productivity of blue honeysuckle were conducted on the ecosystem dendrological territory of the Siberian Botanical garden of TSU (Tomsk). Objects of research: 8 varieties and 4 species of blue honeysuckle – ‘Velvet’, ‘Berel’, ‘Vasyuganskaya’, ‘Zolushka’, ‘Lazurnaya’, ‘Ogneny Opal’, ‘Selena’, ‘Tomichka’, Lonicera altaica, L. edulis, L. kamtschatica, L. turczaninovii. It was found that the ‘Ogneny Opal’ and ‘Velvet’ varieties have low fertility, and the ‘Berel’ and L. edulis have an average fertility. Other varieties and species of honeysuckle have high pollen fertility. The viability of pollen with high values is more than 60 % – ‘Berel’, ‘Vasyuganskaya’, ‘Lazurnaya’, L. turczaninovii, L. kamtschatica, with average values from 40% to 60 % – ‘Selena’, ‘Tomichka’ and L. altaica, with low values – less than 40 % – ‘Velvet’, ‘Zolushka’, ‘Ogneny Opal’ and L. edulis. High pollen productivity – more than 20,000 pollen grains per flower – ‘Tomichka’, L. kamtschatica, L. turczaninovii and L. edulis, average productivity - from 10,000 to 20,000 pollen grains – ‘Berel’, ‘Vasyuganskaya’, ‘Zolushka’, ‘Lazurnaya’, ‘Selena’ and L. altaica, low productivity – less than 10,000 pollen grains per flower – ‘Velvet’, ‘Ogneny Opal’. It is recommended to use at least 10% of varieties with high pollen viability and pollen productivity as pollinators when creating industrial honeysuckle plantations: ‘Lazurnaya’, ‘Vasyuganskaya’, and ‘Berel’.
The treatment of tibia fracture by mesenchymal stem cells (Clinical case)
Authors: Viktorova E V , Platonova S A , Shagova N V , Savchenkova I P
Published: March 2021

There are many complications related to the treatment of small breed dogs’ fractures. Patient complaints: The owners contacted us after a four-year-old female toy terrier fell from a height of 2 meters, which resulted in a double tibia fracture. The first osteosynthesis procedure was effective only while healing of one fracture. The two subsequent procedures of osteosynthesis were ineffective during bone fusion in the area of the second fracture. The diagnosis was as the idiopathic disturbance of tibia fracture healing. Interventions: two months after the last osteosynthesis procedure and the absence of all signs of bone fusion, in order to avoid limb amputation, it was decided to inject allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells into the fracture area. Results: The slight signs of bone fusion were observed after three weeks of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells injections into the area of the fracture. The X-ray examination after one and half months of cell therapy demonstrated the complete fusion of fracture. Conclusion: Considering the efficacy of healing of compound fractures or healing in breeds with impaired osteogenesis, the treatment with the application of mesenchymal stem cells is more optimal.
The Kuban grapes wild forms growing on the Red Forest nature reserve territory
Authors: Gorbunov I V , Ilnitskaya E T , Lukyanov A A , Makarkina M V , Mikhailovsky S S , Pankin M I
Published: March 2021

Modern scientific literature analysis on the Vitaceae Juss. Family biodiversity study showed that this issue is relevant today and is being studied by many scientists in our country more intensively than before, although not so deeply. For example, there is some information on indigenous varieties and grapes wild plants from Crimea, Dagestan, Don and other regions. Unfortunately, there is almost no scientific information on the Kuban wild forms and autochthons. This article contains a part or, one might say, a new large research work beginning on the Kuban grapes wild plants study, studied on the Krasnodar Territory, namely in the Red Forest state nature reserve. At the same time, their ecological and geographic growing conditions were studied with a phytocenoses detailed description. Found isolated populations of grapes, hypothetically could be Vitis vinifera ssp. Silvestris Gmel. or its variants var. Tipica Negr. (wild forest grapes). Wild-growing grapes samples genotypic was carried out for 7 microsatellite loci. The samples genetic similarity analysis according to the microsatellite analysis data revealed the close and most distant genotypes among the wild forms studied sample.
The dairy cows post-partum period dynamics during the ovaries ovulatory function recovery and depression
Authors: Sineva A , Lysenko A , Safonov V , Mikhalev V
Published: March 2021

A significant problem in the dairy farming industry is the decrease in the livestock reproductive capacity due to the ovaries physiological functions violation. This study examines the lipids, proteins and carbohydrates metabolism state, depending on the sexual cyclicity recovery in animals degree, while observing adequate feeding. For the experiment, 16 new-calving Holstein-Friesian cows with an average annual milk yield of 9.5 thousand kg were selected, divided into 2 equal groups, depending on the ovulatory function resumption. All animals received a balanced diet. Blood was taken on days 6, 12, 19, 40 and 68 after calving. Blood serum was separated and the total protein and individual fractions content, as well as the creatinine, urea, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose amount, were determined. To determine the hormonal status, the content of estradiol and progesterone was examined. The reproductive organs condition was assessed using transrectal palpation and using an ultrasound apparatus. We found that cows with ovarian dysfunction are characterized by protein and glucose globulin fraction decreased concentrations in the blood, increased creatinine content and hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad system hormone-producing function inhibition. With an accuracy of 87.5%, the glucose threshold level in the blood serum was revealed, at which ovarian dysfunction can be predicted: a decrease in fertility in cows is observed at a rate of <2.2 mmol/l. Taking into account the previous studies results, further research expediency on finding the hormonal and metabolic status relationship with ethology typological features and the central nervous system state is substantiated.
Influence of the main elements of winter wheat cultivation technologies on its productivity in the Kursk region
Authors: Kotelnikova M N , Asadova M G , Vartanova A B
Published: March 2021

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) is one of the most valuable and highly productive grain crops in Russia. Wheat bread is high in protein and carbohydrates. The climate and soil, as well as the cultivation technology, have a great influence on these indicators in grain. Winter wheat is the main and most productive grain crop in the Kursk region, which occupies 40-45% of the grain wedge area. Over the past 30 years, its yield has been higher than that of other cereals. However, the productivity of winter wheat largely depends on overwintering. The main purpose of winter wheat is to provide the population with bakery and confectionery products. The value of wheat bread is determined by the peculiar chemical composition of the grain. Among cereals, wheat grain is high in protein. Its presence in grain depends on the variety, cultivation conditions and can be at the level of 9-15%. Wheat grain contains a large amount of carbohydrates, including up to 70% starch, vitamins B1, B2, PP, E, as well as provitamins A, D, up to 2% ash minerals. Wheat proteins contain a complete amino acid composition, all essential amino acids that are well absorbed by the human body. The amount of proteins and starch in wheat grain is in a ratio of about 1: 6 - 7, which is most favorable for maintaining a normal body weight and working capacity. Wheat bread has a high calorie content - 1 kg of it contains 2000 - 2500 calories, which confirms its high nutritional value as an important source of energy. The bulk of wheat grain is carbohydrates. They are represented mainly by starch (48-63%). Carbohydrates are of great energy value in human nutrition. In addition to carbohydrates and starch, grain contains 2-7% sugars (mainly in the germ), as well as 2-3% fiber. Fiber does not dissolve in water and is not absorbed by the body. When making flour, it remains in the bran. Fat makes up an average of 2% in a grain of wheat and is found in the germ and aleurone layer.
Improving the performance of tractor diesel engines by optimizing the fuel supply characteristics
Authors: Apazhev A K , Shekikhachev Y A , Batyrov V I , Bolotokov A L , Shekikhacheva L Z
Published: March 2021

Diesel engines to the greatest extent satisfy the tendencies that take place in the engine building: increased power indicators, reduced specific fuel consumption and toxicity of exhaust gases. It is possible to realize the indicated advantages of diesel engines only if the parameters that characterize the fuel supply are ensured and maintained. The nature of the fuel supply predetermines the indicators that characterize the quality of the workflow in a diesel engine. As you know, during the operation of a diesel engine, there are significant differences between the real characteristics of the fuel supply to the optimum. These differences arise due to the fact that the technical condition of the elements of the high pressure fuel system (HPF) changes. Establishing the optimal parameters that characterize the fuel supply during the operation of the fuel equipment (FE) is a rather difficult task, which is caused by the interconnectedness and interdependence of these parameters. It is especially necessary to take into account that while optimizing some fuel supply parameters, others often deteriorate. In order to ensure a high-quality fuel combustion process, the fuel system of a diesel engine is faced with the task of ensuring guaranteed injection of a metered cyclic fuel supply (CFS), taking into account the specified phases and injection characteristics, which will have a beneficial effect on the fuel combustion process in any operating modes of the diesel engine. Thus, with a change in the technical characteristics of the HPF during operation, the characteristics of the injection also change. When studying the influence of the HPF parameters on the fuel supply characteristics, the change in the injection characteristics is often not taken into account, which is explained by the complexity and laboriousness of these studies. Considering the above, the optimization of the characteristics of diesel engines fuel supply is an urgent problem.
Adaptation of soils of the Ciscaucasia to processing systems
Authors: Kuzychenko Yu A
Published: March 2021

The intense technological and natural anthropogenic load on the soils of the Stavropol Territory, leading to a violation of its ecological and production functions and a decrease in fertility, requires a differentiated approach when introducing a particular soil cultivation system for a specific type or subtype of soil. It is proposed to develop a generalized indicator D for assessing the implementation of various systems of basic tillage for different types of soils based on criterion factors: humus content (%), soil density (d, g/cm3), soil resistivity (T, kg/cm2) and soil ped content >10 mm (C, %). As a result of calculations of the indicator Dfact for a specific soil and comparing its values with the range of Dtest it was found that for ordinary chernozem and solonetzic chernozem with Dfact equal to 0.889 and 0.932, moldboard plowing is acceptable for certain crops in the crop rotation, dark chestnut and chestnut soils with Dfact equal to 0.828 and 0.778, respectively, it is preferable to cultivate without moldboard with a combination of different methods and depth of soil cultivation, on light chestnut soils (Dfact=0.749), minimization with shallow mulching is recommended.
Investigation of the process of shredding coniferous sawdust in a crusher with a two-way material supply system
Authors: Zykin A A
Published: March 2021

Russia is one of the main countries in the extraction and processing of forest resources. Waste from wood processing is still one of the cheapest energy sources. Therefore Russia is actively developing and introducing technologies for processing waste from the forest industry. The technology for producing fuel pellets and briquettes is widespread. One of the operations of this technology is the preliminary grinding of the feedstock. Nowadays, traditional hammer mills are used for this, which are used in the feed industry. As a result of the analysis of the designs of such crushers, it was revealed that when grinding materials with a low specific gravity, their potential is not fully utilized. A hypothesis has been put forward that an increase in the productivity of hammer crushers when grinding materials with a low specific gravity is possible due to a change in the conditions for introducing raw materials. To test this hypothesis, a crusher with two feed necks and a vortex chamber was developed. Research has been carried out to study the influence of the conditions for entering the shredded material into the crushing chamber. The performance of the crusher is determined with three ways of feeding the shredded material.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of water reservoirs (middle Volga region, Russia)
Authors: Stepanova N Yu , Korostyleva M I , Lovchev V M
Published: March 2021

Bottom sediments from the Kuibyshev and Cheboksary reservoirs were sampled and the content of anthracene, acetonaphthylene, acenaphthene, benz (a) pyrene, benz (b) fluoranthene, benzo (k) fluoranthene, benz (g, h, i) perylene, dibenz (a, h) anthracene, pyrene, fluorene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, chrysene was analyzed. The level of the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) content in the bottom sediments of the Cheboksary and Kuibyshev reservoirs was lower in comparison with the standards adopted in foreign countries. A tendency of increasing the PAHs content from the upper to the lower parts of the reservoirs, in the area of the Kama river mouth and the upper reach of the Samara hydroelectric power plant, was noted. PAHs with three benzene rings prevailed in the bottom sediments of the Cheboksary reservoir, and two and five benzene rings - in the Kuibyshev reservoir.