bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATING THE FUNCTIONING OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN A STATE GOVERNED BY THE RULE OF LAW IN A DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY
Authors: Kovalevska D. V. , Karashchuk M. H.
Published: June 2023

This article examines the functioning of civil society in a rule-of-law state in a deliberative democracy. Covering the theoretical aspect, the article analyses the essence of civil society, the rule of law, and deliberative democracy. In particular, the role of NGOs, media, and other public structures in shaping public opinion and contributing to solving critical problems of society is considered. The authors analyse the interaction of civil society with the legal system, in particular, the role of NGOs in promoting the implementation of laws and monitoring their observance. An important aspect of the study is the analysis of deliberative democracy and its impact on the functioning of civil society, in particular, the issue of citizen participation in decisionmaking and policymaking. The study includes an analysis of the role of civil society in ensuring citizen participation in decision-making, problem-solving, maintaining social stability, and ensuring human rights. Various aspects of civic participation are considered, including public discussions, petitions, and other forms of public mobilization in deliberative democracy. The authors note that the effective functioning of civil society contributes to building a democratic society in which interaction between different social groups is ensured, which helps to achieve consensus and improve citizens' standard of living. The author offers practical recommendations for improving the interaction between civil society and the rule of law to ensure a more effective deliberative democracy.
USING THE GLOBALIZATION EXPERIENCE OF THE WORLD'S LEADING COUNTRIES IN THE FIELD OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Zolotar A. S.
Published: June 2023

In this scientific article, the author examines modern trends in the development of intellectual potential and protection of intellectual property based on the globalization experience of the world's leading countries – the USA, Germany, Great Britain, Sweden and France. The author focuses on the fact that their positive experience can be used by Ukraine, because the intellectual potential and the system of protection of intellectual rights in our country in the conditions of globalization and dynamic development of information technologies are exposed to much greater risks and threats, and the current legislation has long since not covered the necessary spectrum legal regulation of intellectual property relations. In particular, the experience of the USA can be useful in the formation of reliable legislative regulation, the creation of an effective Strategy for the development of Ukrainian intellectual property for the coming years, the establishment of stricter responsibility and control over the observance of intellectual property rights. The benefit of Great Britain's experience can be obtained if we go the way of establishing partnership and cooperation of our country in the investigated area, as well as establishing a tougher penalty for violations in this area. It is also appropriate to borrow the conceptual foundations of combating crime in the field of intellectual property, to develop plans for its prevention and countermeasures. The German experience will be useful in the following aspects: borrowing the desire for reliable and simple legislation, establishing an open type of relations between the state in the form of its authorized bodies that conduct their activities in the field of intellectual property, with citizens (right holders) in the information field, increasing educational and innovative level of development of the population of Ukraine. The use of Swedish experience may take place when borrowing Swedish technologies for the protection of intellectual property, in particular, the use of blockchain technology. The French practice of dynamic and innovative updating of legislative acts can be useful in the process of revising and modernizing the national legislation of Ukraine.
JUDICIAL SYMBOLS IN COMMUNICATIONS
Authors: Kravchuk O. O. , Ostashchuk I. B.
Published: June 2023

The article reviews the authors’ complex research of judicial symbolism. The meaning of the main judicial symbols, their formation, cultural and historical context in which they arose, issues of use the judicial symbols in social communications are considered in the article. Judicial symbolism includes actional, visual, verbal and spatial judicial symbols which could be classified according to the criterion of the way of the meaning’s transmission and perception. Actional symbols refer to the expression of meanings through action: this includes regulation of the judicial process, which has a certain order to be observed by the participants of the court hearing. Visual symbols represent certain elements of judicial symbolism, where the main is the visual perception, through which the appropriate interpretation of the symbolic meaning and understanding of the values of justice and the principle of the rule of law is carried out. This includes the robe, medallion, works of fine art as an aesthetically significant communication, in which the themes of the court are being interpreted. Verbal symbols – verbal standardized phrasing that mean respect for the court and present the judge (judges) as representatives of the state in whose name they administer justice. Spatial symbols mean structuring the courtroom and determining the semantics of the court building, in particular its interior design and exterior appearance, pointing out to the principles and values of justice. The above set of the means of representation of the symbols should be understood as a holistic text in which each type of judicial symbols is agreed and complemented with others, in order to achieve the main communicative objective, i.e. to convey the meaning of a fair justice, rule of law and respect for the court as an integral part of civil society. Judicial symbolism is characterized by systemic nature in which the individual elements are integrally connected and interdependent. The patterns of formation, structuring and understanding of individual elements of judicial symbolism should be analysed from the standpoint of a holistic vision of its purpose and objectives in the context of the communication process targeted at society.
LEGAL REGIME OF WORKS OF ARCHITECTURE CREATED WITH THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Nikolaieva O.
Published: June 2023

In the article the question of determination of legal regime of the works of architecture created with application of artificial intelligence technologies are researched. It is defined that architectural activity is one of the most important activities, so an architect has increased responsibility for the creation of works of architecture and architectural objects. It is established that works of architecture as objects of copyright are characterized by a complex multi-stage process of their creation. It is said about both drawings and sketches, and about constructed buildings as well. It is emphasized that from the point of view of copyright, architectural activity is a broader concept than the creation of a work of architecture, because it includes both the actual creative process of finding an architectural solution and the technological process of building edification, including work of performers, whose activities are not creative. Moreover, the architect as a subject of copyright has both the right and the obligation to carry out architectural supervision, which is conditioned by his increased responsibility for the result of architectural activity. It is underlined that currently architectural activity is carried out with the help of modern IT technologies, in particular including artificial intelligence technologies, which can significantly replace human activity and create new original objects. However, it was concluded that artificial intelligence cannot be recognized as an object of copyright, especially if it is a work of architecture. Firstly, according to the current legislation of Ukraine and other countries, as well as scientific doctrine, only a human is a subject who can carry out intellectual, creative activity. Secondly, any activity in which artificial intelligence is used must be controlled by a responsible person, especially in such a socially important field as architecture. Copyright for an architectural object should be divided between the developer of artificial intelligence and the architect depending on the degree of use of the corresponding software product in the creation of the work of architecture and the contribution of the architect himself as a user of artificial intelligence.
Engraved images of the Shulgan-Tash (Kapova) cave, Bashkortostan, South Ural
Authors: Kotov V.G.
Published: June 2023

The cave of Shulgan-Tash (Kapova) with wall drawings of the Upper Paleolithic is located in the mountain course of the River Belaya in the Southern Urals, nearby the village of Gadelgareevo, Burzyansky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. In the process of more than 50 years of studying the cave sanctuary, the search for engraved images has been carried out. Two compositions with engraved images were discovered in 2008. Com-position No. 1 is located in the Main Gallery, 100 m from the entrance, in a niche on the western wall at a height of about 2 m above the floor level. It consists of the elements located on two levels. At the lower level, a number of elements are confined to the natural fracture and a chain of caverns. Parallel to the horizontal crack, five lines were drawn. The lines connect to a quadrangular shape filled with vertical and horizontal lines. Behind it, the crack merges into a chain of caverns. The upper tier consists of four oval artificial recesses. The fourth groove is located under the engraved anthropomorphic figure, between the legs. This indicates that this is a vulva-shaped symbol. The grooves are connected by deeply incised lines to the quadrangular figure and caverns of the lower tier. Lines also run from the chain of the caverns downwards. Thus, these groups of artificial and natural elements were combined into a single composition. Composition No. 2 is located in the Dome Hall, 150 m from the entrance, above the Chapel of Skulls in the western wall, nearby the colorful wall images in the shape of splashes. It was made on a 16 cm × 14 cm rock surface leveled and cleaned of calcite deposits. The composition consists of three pictorial ele-ments made in three different ways. The first element is represented by two parallel arcuate bands of comb lines of 4 cm wide and about 30 cm long made with a serrated stone tool of 4 cm wide in the soft mondmilch. Under them, with finger impressions in the mondmilch, a circle of about 6 cm in diameter was made of round dimples; rows of en-graved straight lines and zigzags were applied to the right of the circle. At present, the composition is held together by calcite incrustation and has completely hardened. The use of stone tools to create the engravings and grooves, the calcite crust inside the engraved lines, the use of the natural forms of the wall relief in the pictorial ensemble, the similarity of the quadrangular figure with the quadrangular symbols painted with ochre in the same cave, and the presence of a vulva-shaped symbol — all this indicates the Upper Paleolithic Age of these compositions.
Mikhail Mikhailovich Gerasimov (1907–1970) and his method of face reconstruction from the skull
Authors: Fominykh Т.A. , Kiselev V.V. , Zakharova A.N. , Ulanov V.S.
Published: June 2023

The article is dedicated to the 115th anniversary of the birth of Mikhail Mikhailovich Gerasimov, a world-famous scientist, pioneer of historical and forensic portrait reconstruction, founder of the Plastic Reconstruction Laboratory at the Institute of Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (currently the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences). M.M. Gerasimov created the most famous gallery of sculptural portraits of a number of historical persons, and also recreated the appearances of fossil peo-ple from the available bone remains. A man of encyclopedic knowledge, anthropologist, archaeologist and sculp-tor rolled into one, Gerasimov laid the foundations of craniofacial reconstruction and created his own scientific school. For his invaluable contribution to science and practical anthropology, as well as to forensic medicine and forensic science, the scientist was awarded the State Prize in 1950, as well as the title of Honored Scientist of the RSFSR in 1969. The method of facial reconstruction developed by Gerasimov formed the basis of modern meth-ods equipped with advanced imaging and computer technologies. The laboratory created by M.M. Gerasimov exists and is actively functioning up to the present days, and his students successfully continue the work he started. For decades, the authority of M.M. Gerasimov in anthropological reconstruction has remained unshakable, the method of reconstruction of the appearance of fossil people, developed by the scientist, has received world-wide recognition, and it is fundamental for modern researchers. Followers of M.M. Gerasimov continue to develop and improve the method, which is of paramount importance in paleoanthropology, ethnography, historical sci-ences, and which has found practical application in forensic science, forensic medicine and plastic surgery.
Sable in the traditional culture of the Buryats
Authors: Badmaev A.A.
Published: June 2023

The work is aimed at identifying the image of the sable in the traditional worldview and rituals of the Buryats. The chronological boundaries of the study are determined by the time of functioning and translation of the com-plex of traditional beliefs and rituals among the Buryats — the end of the 19th — middle of the 20th century. Geo-graphically, the study is focused on the Baikal region, which encompasses the ethnic Buryatia. Linguistic, folklore and ethnographic sources have been used for this research. Comparison-collation and structural-semiotic meth-ods have been used to explore the research topic. As a result of assessing the utilitarian value of the sable, it has been determined that the animal's fur was used in sewing winter outerwear and hats, and its meat was occasion-ally eaten, as well as applied in folk and veterinary medicine. The all-Mongolian origin of the term for sable, and its gender nominations, is proved. It is assumed that this predator could be revered as a totem by some of the ancestors of the Buryats of the pre-Baikal clans. It has been found that in the traditional Buryat culture, the image of sable was ambiguous. In the traditional views of the Buryats, sable was endowed with a heavenly nature. It acted as a female symbol. At the same time, a negative characteristic of this fur-bearing animal has been deter-mined: it was associated with the chthonic world. In the traditional family ritual of the Buryats, a sable fetish was associ-ated with the image of this fur-bearing animal, which performed a protective function for children and represented a female image. The sable skin was an attribute of the shaman: for some black shamans, it represented the emblem of the clan. Furthermore, in the shamanic ritual of the Buryats, a fetish, embodying the shaman's spirit-assistant, was as-sociated with this animal. In shamanic poetics, the soul of a deceased shaman turned into a sable; this predatory animal was endowed with the function of a shaman's transport in his mystical travels to other worlds.
Political Sociology Meets Public Policy
Authors: Kovačić Marko
Published: June 2023

The uplift of a governance paradigm opened the door for different non-formal ‎actors to join the policy-making process. This proliferation of actors posed‎ some new questions about the relationship between them. One of the aspects ‎of this relationship is the power of actors. The paper seeks to contribute to ‎public policy literature in a way to explore if a policy formulation stage of a decision-‎making process can be used as an arena for assessing the power of the ‎aforementioned actors. The argument this paper suggests is that policy formulation‎ as a stage where the confrontation of actors is most visible and prominent ‎is in fact an appropriate place for studying actors’ dynamics and should be taken ‎into consideration when discussing the power of policy actors.‎
Functional Ghobber-Jaming Uncertainty Principle
Authors: KRISHNA K. MAHESH
Published: June 2023

Let $(\{f_j\}_{j=1}^n, \{\tau_j\}_{j=1}^n)$ and $(\{g_k\}_{k=1}^n, \{\omega_k\}_{k=1}^n)$ be two p-orthonormal bases for a finite dimensional Banach space $\mathcal{X}$. Let $M,N\subseteq \{1, \dots, n\}$ be such that \begin{align*} o(M)^\frac{1}{q}o(N)^\frac{1}{p}< \frac{1}{\displaystyle \max_{1\leq j,k\leq n}|g_k(\tau_j) |}, \end{align*} where $q$ is the conjugate index of $p$. Then for all $x \in \mathcal{X}$, we show that \begin{align}\label{FGJU} (1) \quad \quad \quad \quad \|x\|\leq \left(1+\frac{1}{1-o(M)^\frac{1}{q}o(N)^\frac{1}{p}\displaystyle\max_{1\leq j,k\leq n}|g_k(\tau_j)|}\right)\left[\left(\sum_{j\in M^c}|f_j(x)|^p\right)^\frac{1}{p}+\left(\sum_{k\in N^c}|g_k(x) |^p\right)^\frac{1}{p}\right]. \end{align} We call Inequality (1) as \textbf{Functional Ghobber-Jaming Uncertainty Principle}. Inequality (1) improves the uncertainty principle obtained by Ghobber and Jaming \textit{[Linear Algebra Appl., 2011]}.
FOAM ACID FRACTURE AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO STANDARD FRACKING AND LIQUID-LESS METHODS OF ROCKS LIQUIDATION
Authors: Laziebna Yuliya Vitaliyivna , Dmytrenko Victoriia Ivanivna
Published: June 2023

The article discusses the issue of the resource potential of tight terrigenous gas-saturated reservoirs, which lie at significant depths within the central part of the Dnipro-Donetsk oil and gas-bearing region, and ways to solve problems related to the methods of development of these deposits, since they are non-convective and cannot be extracted by the classical method. Within the scope of this issue, the article considers the method of hydraulic fracturing as one of the most effective ways of causing the inflow of hydrocarbons from the productive horizon and intensifying the development of hard-to-extract deposits. An overview of fracturing substances used for the process of densification of rocks, in particular, liquids based on water, hydrocarbon, acid bases, liquid-free methods and foam systems, was performed. The compositions of the reagents, the features of their use, and their main disadvantages are listed. Examples of world experience in the use of well-known fracturing fluids and fluid-free methods of reservoir densification are given.In this work, attention is focused on increasing the permeability of rocks through the use of foam acid systems, since, as experience shows, they are highly effective in conditions of tightand heterogeneous reservoirs due to their selectivity, they can be adapted to rocks of various lithological and mineralogical composition and a wide range thermo-baric conditions, they have satisfactory transport properties and the ability to cause self-cleaning of the well.The main reasons for popularizing the use of methods of loosening rocks with a minimum liquid content in the composition of explosive substances for unconventional gas deposits of Ukraine are highlighted. It is recommended to carry out work on the creation of more effective, ecological and economically profitable new or improvement of existing disintegrants, especially foam systems.
TECHNOLOGICAL AND CONSTRUCTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF SEPARATORS OF THE GAS PREPARATION INSTALLATION
Authors: Seif Houssein
Published: June 2023

As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the urgent task is the development of methods for regime-technological and hardware-constructive optimization of the separation equipment of gas preparation plants. At the same time, attention should be paid not only to empirical dependencies, but also to numerical simulations. Preparation and processing of oil and gas are technological processes that are implemented with the help of technological lines, which in turn consist of a significant amount of basic equipment. At the same time, the existing installations are not always highly efficient and require improvement, since over time the amount of target components in the raw materials extracted from the well decreases, and the content of water, paraffins and other harmful impurities increases. This forces to increase the intensity of separation and mass exchange processes. The proposed technique for optimizing technological and structural calculations of separation equipment (separators of the first and second stages) of the gas preparation plant, which allows determining the rational structural dimensions and optimal operational parameters to ensure a high degree of separation of the components of the gas mixture. For the numerical study and optimization of chemical-technological processes of gas preparation plants intended for the production of hydrocarbon products, the methods of static and dynamic optimization simulations of chemical-technological processes were chosen using tools of CAE-systems of thermodynamic modeling, which made it possible to quickly and accurately use known mathematical models calculate heat and material balances of both individual technological equipment and installations as a whole. This made it possible to obtain the maximum efficiency of the equipment and the efficiency of the installations as a whole. The simulated operation of the atmospheric hydrocarbon processing plant and the hydrocarbon gas preparation plant for which the optimal operating modes of the separators of the first and second stages of the hydrocarbon gas preparation plant are determined.
USE OF UREA FOR CLEANING USED SEMI-SYNTHETIC MOTOR OILS
Authors: Chervinskyy Taras , Prokop Roman , Grynyshyn Oleg
Published: June 2023

During the operation of motor vehicles with gasoline or diesel internal combustion engines, motor oil is exposed to high temperatures, is constantly in contact with metals, its hydrocarbon part undergoes chemical transformations, is contaminated by wear products of metal surfaces, decomposition of additives, and residues of incomplete combustion of fuel. As a result, motor oil undergoes irreversible changes in its high-quality chemical composition and loss of operational properties. The paper describes the results of the study of the process of cleaning exhausted semi-synthetic motor oils in the presence of crystalline urea. Castrol 10W-40 oil, widely used in truck diesel engines, and ELF Evolution 700 STI oil, used in passenger car gasoline engines, were chosen as used semi-synthetic motor oils. The influence of the main factors of process control (the amount of urea, duration, and temperature) on the change in the functional properties of refined motor oils was studied. It was established that the lowest values of defective indicators (acid number, water content, ash content, content of mechanical impurities) were obtained at 140 ºС, duration of 80 min., and 5 mass. % of crystalline urea. In addition, there is a slight increase in the values of kinematic viscosity and viscosity index. The method of X-ray fluorescence analysis confirmed that the content of metals decreased in urea-treated oils compared to used ones. IR spectroscopic research demonstrated that under the established optimal conditions of the purification process with crystalline urea, the content of oxygen-containing "aging" products (aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, ethers, esters, organic acids) in purified semi-synthetic motor oils significantly decreased. It is proposed to use the process of cleaning used semi-synthetic motor oils in the presence of crystalline urea as an intermediate stage of the combined technological cycle of regeneration of used motor oils.
SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ADVERTISING AS A SOCIAL INSTITUTION
Authors: Kozlova Olena
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the sociological analysis of advertising as a social institution. It is noted that the concept of "social institution" has been widely used in sociology since the 19th century and is one of the most important elements of the social structure of society. Advertising as a social institution is stable types and forms of social practice, through which the process of formation of individual, group and social ideas about the ideal model of social practice in the sphere of consumption is streamlined, and ways of implementing this model for a given person, group, society as a whole are proposed. The institutional approach in sociology involves the analysis of the structure, functions (both explicit and latent, as well as dysfunctions) of a particular social institution. The article analyzes the functions of advertising (which include economic - stimulating consumers to purchase goods, which thereby contributes to the growth of business activity, an increase in investment and the number of jobs; social - advertising tools are increasingly used to solve acute social problems; political - advertising as a means of fighting for votes, ideological - advertising is becoming one of the most important factors in the formation of a person's worldview, psychological - advertising affects the desires and dreams of the buyer; educational - in the process of viewing advertising, as well as the introduction of new technologies of goods and services about which it talks, a person can draw information from absolutely all spheres of life, aesthetic - the best examples of advertising messages from the time of their first appearance to the present day can be considered works of applied art). Dysfunctions of advertising in modern society are also considered. Dysfunction of a social institution is a phenomenon of inconsistency between the activities of a social institution and existing social needs or negative consequences of its functioning. Dysfunctions of advertising are analyzed by the author from two angles - from a social and moral point of view and from an economic point of view. The author identifies the main characteristics and trends that determine the modern development of advertising on a global scale.
ACTIVITIES OF KHARKIV POLYTECHNICAL INSTITUTE DURING THE GERMAN OCCUPATION
Authors: Zhurilo Dmitry Yurievich , Larin Аndrew Alekseevych
Published: June 2023

The article examines the activities of employees of the Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute who remained in Kharkiv during the nazi occupation during the Great Patriotic War. These employees were unable to leave the city on time due to the poor organization of the evacuation of the institute. Difficult circumstances forced many of them to cooperate with the occupiers. However, this cooperation did not give much to the invaders, but it helped most of the scientists of the Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute to survive and preserve the buildings of the institute, library collections and laboratory equipment. The names of outstanding scientists and teachers who were in the occupation are given. The horrors of the new government are shown: hunger, cold, the death of civilians. Most of the teachers and staff of the Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute were forced to exchange their own things, jewelry, and building materials for food. The facts of violation of international law by German troops are given. It is shown that the German authorities promoted small-scale handicrafts, retail trade, and the provision of household services. However, the main goal of the German troops was to provide the German army with food, equipment, transport, housing, as well as sending young people and the able-bodied population to forced labor in Germany. The German press was engaged in disinformation, spreading false assurances about the happy life of Eastern workers in Germany, about introducing them to European culture, about their rest and leisure.  It is described that thanks to the activities of an outstanding chemist, Professor Pavel Didusenko, it was possible to establish the production of matches and soap. Thanks to the implementation of these essential necessities, scarce in wartime, it was possible to save the lives of a large number of employees of the Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute.
THE FORMATION OF PERSONALITY’S SOCIOCULTURAL COMPETENCE
Authors: Serhina Svitlana , Verhun Volodymyr
Published: June 2023

The article gives a thorough analyzes of the scientific works of scientists, which highlights the problems ofsociocultural development of a person in modern society. The paper concentrates on the problem of socioculturalcompetence as a value aspect of a person's life and a key indicator of individual readiness to perform professionalactivities. This article features sociocultural (life) competence as a multifaceted and multicomponent phenomenon.There the authors also found out the importance of individual’s sociocultural competence formation in the process oftraining and proved the place and role of sociocultural competence in the structure of vocational education. Thispaper establishes some key approaches, principles, forms, methods and means of sociocultural competenceformation of a person. The authors focus on the systemic, activity-oriented, professionally oriented, personalityoriented and cultural aspects of the methodology for the implementation of the sociocultural content of educationalprograms. Special attention is given to the conditions of modern state of the development of Ukraine, which stress asociocultural aspect of its (Ukraine) educational reforms. Sociocultural competence can be considered as a neweducational stratageme. The study revealed that the sociocultural competence formation contributes to thedevelopment of the main goals of education, namely practical, progressive and educational. The authors admits thatthe purpose of modern education is to stimulate personal growth (self-development) and improve the creativepotential of each individual. The conclusion is that education plays a major role in solving the problem, firstly,vocational education, secondly, sociocultural reproduction and, thirdly, personality formation. To sum up theauthors emphasizes that the phenomenon of sociocultural competence is inextricably linked with the process of theformation of a person in modern society, his assimilation of the norms and technologies for performing a certainsocial role.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE FUTURE OF WORLD CIVILIZATION
Authors: Kipenskyi Andrii , Ponomaryov Alexander
Published: June 2023

It is shown that against the background of the development of science and technologies, there is a noticeable spiritual, cultural, moral and ethical degradation of human society. At the same time, the purpose of the article is to attempt to answer one of the main questions of the present – why the development of science, technology and technology leads to spiritual degradation in society, to the aggravation of relationships in the system "man-society-nature-technosphere". According to the authors, one of the reasons for this situation is that for representatives of the scientific and technical intelligentsia, the scale of values is quite often limited by "perfect design" in technical terms, that is high functionality and reliability at low production costs. Together with a significant deterioration in the environmental situation, this creates a real threat to the very existence of our civilization. That is why right now the person-creator of scientific and technological progress should feel an ever greater personal responsibility for the fate of world civilization, for the consequences of the chosen paths and the nature of human development, for its future. It is shown that to overcome the crisis, it is necessary to strengthen the social and humanitarian component of the training of scientific and technical intelligentsia. Only under such conditions can it be ensured that its representatives, who are participants in the creative production process, will be able to support this process from a humanistic standpoint in the necessary direction to shape public opinion. It is also necessary to form the responsibility of the scientific and technical intelligentsia for the technological development of world civilization, to increase in its eyes the role and significance in the technological environment of such categories as spirituality, morality and legality. Without this in the conditions of rapid scientific and technological progress and innovative development, society will certainly face instability, crises and chaos. According to the authors, they can only be overcome by a suitably professionally trained, highly cultured, spiritual and responsible scientific and technical intelligentsia.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT OF «UNEQUAL EQUALITY FOR EVERYBODY»
Authors: Haidamachuk Olha Volodymyrivna
Published: June 2023

In the research of H. Skovoroda's aphorism “equality is unequal to all”, which is the title of the fountain emblem, a lack of attention to its details and their interpretation were revealed. The deconstruction of this unique composition helps to find out not only the intentionally embedded meanings (intonations), but also the dissonances that significantly problematize (detonate) the “intentional” meanings, thus opening the field for new research.
The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same
Authors: Jarvis-Selinger Sandra , Armstrong April , Wisener Katherine
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Despite increasing emphasis on the development and implementation of Residents-as-Teachers programs, resident perspectives on their roles as teachers have rarely been explored. This paper explores trends across 7 years of data collected from resident leaders across North American orthopaedic residency programs.

Methods:

Data were collected during the American Orthopaedic Association's resident-only engagement activity known as the C. McCollister Evarts Resident Leadership Forum (RLF). A total of 997 of 1,050 RLF participants responded from 2015 to 2021.

Results:

Residents perceived themselves as having a strong influence on medical students’ education more so than any other teacher. However, less than one third are provided with any formal instruction from their institutions to support their teaching, and nearly 3 quarters of participants felt there was room for improvement in their teaching effectiveness. For the most part, resident perspectives have stayed relatively consistent over time.

Discussion:

Residents are keen and willing to invest time into developing their teaching effectiveness. There may be a need for improved advocacy to program directors to increase the presence and availability of formal Residents-as-Teachers programs to support residents in their roles as teachers. We offer suggestions for the composition of such programs for consideration.
A generalized photon-tracking approach to simulate spectral snow albedo and transmittance using X-ray microtomography and geometric optics
Authors: Letcher Theodore , Parno Julie , Courville Zoe , Farnsworth Lauren , Olivier Jason
Published: June 2023

A majority of snow radiative transfer models (RTMs) treat snow as a collection of idealized grains rather than an organized ice–air matrix. Here we present a generalized multi-layer photon-tracking RTM that simulates light reflectance and transmittance of snow based on X-ray micro- tomography images, treating snow as a coherent 3D structure rather than a collection of grains. The model uses a blended approach to expand ray-tracing techniques applied to sub-1 cm3 snow samples to snowpacks of arbitrary depths. While this framework has many potential applications, this study’s effort is focused on simulating reflectance and transmittance in the visible and near infrared (NIR) through thin snow- packs as this is relevant for surface energy balance and remote sensing applications. We demonstrate that this framework fits well within the context of previous work and capably reproduces many known optical properties of a snow surface, including the dependence of spectral reflectance on the snow specific surface area and incident zenith angle as well as the surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). To evaluate the model, we compare it against reflectance data collected with a spectroradiometer at a field site in east-central Vermont. In this experiment, painted panels were inserted at various depths beneath the snow to emulate thin snow. The model compares remarkably well against the reflectance measured with a spectroradiometer, with an average RMSE of 0.03 in the 400–1600 nm range. Sensitivity simulations using this model indicate that snow transmittance is greatest in the visible wavelengths, limiting light penetration to the top 6 cm of the snowpack for fine-grain snow but increasing to 12 cm for coarse-grain snow. These results suggest that the 5% transmission depth in snow can vary by over 6 cm according to the snow type.
Análisis de redes de gobernanza en destinos turísticos: una aplicación práctica
Authors: Ledesma González Oswaldo
Published: June 2023

Ante la pérdida de competitividad de los destinos turísticos, tanto las Administraciones Públicas como el sector privado coinciden en la necesidad de implementar procesos de renovación física y funcional. Así, al tiempo que los procesos de renovación se van incorporando a las políticas turísticas, el modelo de gobernanza comienza a considerarse oportuno para la gestión de los destinos turísticos. En este contexto, se analiza la renovación del espacio público de un destino turístico maduro desde la perspectiva de las redes de gobernanza. Para ello se plantea un modelo analítico basado en tres dimensiones: distribución del poder, orientación al consenso y participación. Los resultados tienen una doble implicación: por un lado, son de interés para la mejora de la toma de decisiones sobre la renovación turística del caso analizado; por otro lado, ayudan a explicar factores causales desde la perspectiva estructural que influyen en la conformación de la redes de gobernanza de los destinos turísticos.
Optimised diets for improving human, animal, and environmental health in the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolis in Germany
Authors: Escobar Neus , Falkenberg Timo , Gupta Shivam , Heinzel Christine , Junior Eliseu Verly , Jolliet Olivier , Borgemeister Christian , Nöthlings Ute , Paris Juliana Minetto Gellert
Published: June 2023

Dietary shifts are needed to align the global food systems with the planetary boundaries and contribute to Sustainable Development Goals. We employed a Life Cycle Assessment framework, extended with indicators reflecting the One Health approach, to assess 2020 food consumption data collected through a survey in the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolis (Germany). Feasible optimisation scenarios representing more sustainable food choices were explored, inducing improvements across human, animal and environmental health. Meat and meat products contributed most to overall environmental impacts and fish and seafood, to animal welfare loss. Sodium intake was the most contributing risk factor for life minutes lost. Reducing 55% of greenhouse gas emissions and improving human health indicators by 25% is possible with a shift towards flexitarian and vegetarian dietary scenarios. These optimisations deliver improvements across One Health dimensions with marginal changes in dietary scenarios and align with the sustainability goals of the EU Green Deal.
Covid-19 infection in pediatric cases and their clinical feature in Southwestern Iran: A cross-sectional, multi-center study
Authors: Jamalidoust Marzieh , Jalil Mohsen , Ashkan Zahra , Sharifi Moslem , Hemmati Rouhollah , Dashti Anahita Sanaei , Kadivar Mohammad Rahim , Pouladfar Gholamreza , Amanati Ali , Hamzavi Sedigheh , Asaie Sadaf , Eskandari Maryam , Aliabadi Nasrin , Ziyaeyan Mazyar
Published: June 2023

With the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the impact of recent coronavirus, especially in children, cannot be ignored. In this study, we evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and associated features in children less than 18 years of age in Fars and "Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad", provinces, Iran. 5943 children who suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled in this study. Demographic and clinical data on pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections were collected from 16 February 2020 to 20 June 2021. Underlying conditions were considered in this study as well. As revealed, among 5943 patients suspected to Covid-19 infections, 13.51% were confirmed by rt-PCR assay. The female/male ratio was 1:1.3 with a mean age of 5.71 years old and 11.2% of positive patients were transferred to the PICU. Covid-19 was significantly higher in malignant and diabetic children rather than those with other underlying diseases. Children of all ages seem to be susceptible to Covid-19, and there is no significant difference between both sexes. Most of the Covid-19 cases are related to the 10–18 age group, which is because more interact with the community of this group. Among a number of children with different underlying diseases, children with cancer had the highest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, followed by those with diabetes.
Postoperative recurrence factors in patients with pT3N0M0 clear cell renal cell carcinoma, called M0 intermediate-high-risk group of the KEYNOTE 564 trial
Authors: Naito Hirohito , Okazoe Homare , Ishikawa Ryou , Honda Tomoko , Osaki Yu , Abe Yohei , Tohi Yoichiro , Matsuoka Yuki , Kato Takuma , Taoka Rikiya , Ueda Nobufumi , Haba Reiji , Sugimoto Mikio
Published: June 2023

Background
KEYNOTE 564, a phase 3 trial, demonstrated the efficacy of pembrolizumab as an adjuvant therapy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma; however, it remains unclear which patients in the M0 intermediate-high-risk group of the trial who were pT3N0M0 with any nuclear grade (> 80% of the cohort) would benefit from pembrolizumab. Additional factors are required to identify these patients. We aimed to examine postoperative recurrence factors in patients with pT3N0M0 clear cell renal cell carcinoma who were retrospectively included in the M0 intermediate-high-risk group.
Methods
We reviewed the medical records of 386 patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma, identifying 47 with pT3N0M0 clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Preoperative clinical and pathological data were collected. Patients were stratified by median value and category. Disease-free survival was calculated using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and the log-rank test was applied to compare survival curves.
Results
We showed that ≥ 68 years and necrosis were risk factors of worse disease-free survival (median disease-free survival; ≥68 year versus < 68 year: 24.46 months versus 97.54 months, P = 0.017, with necrosis versus without necrosis; 24.43 months versus 317.5 months, P = 0.023). Patients with a higher number of risk factors had significantly worse disease-free survival (median disease-free survival; no factor versus ≥ 68 years or necrosis versus ≥ 68 years and necrosis; 317.5 months versus 45.18 months versus 12.54 months).
Conclusion
Age and necrosis were suggested to impact on postoperative recurrence in the M0 intermediate-high-risk patients. It would support the indication for adjuvant therapy.
The effect of a customised digital adherence tool on HIV treatment outcomes in young people living with HIV in Blantyre, Malawi: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Msosa Takondwa Charles , Swai Iraseni , Ngowi Kennedy , de Wit Tobias Rinke , Aarnoutse Rob , Boer Marion Sumari-de , Nliwasa Marriott
Published: June 2023

Background

People living with HIV (PLHIV) have to take lifelong antiretroviral treatment, which is often challenging. Young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) have the lowest viral load suppression rates in Malawi and globally, mostly due to poor treatment adherence. This is a result of complex interactions of multiple factors unique to this demographic group. The use of digital health interventions, such as real time medication monitor (RTMM) based digital adherence tools (DATS) could improve ART adherence in YPLHIV and subsequently improve viral load suppression which in turn could lead to reduced HIV-associated morbidity and mortality.

Aim

To provide the evidence base for a digital adherence intervention to improve treatment outcomes in YPLHIV on ART.

Objectives

1. The primary objective is to determine the efficacy of a customised DAT compared to the standard of care in improving ART adherence in YPLHIV.
2. The secondary objective is to determine the efficacy of the customised DAT compared to the standard of care in improving viral load suppression in YPLHIV.

Methodology

This will be a parallel open label randomized control controlled two-arm trial in which non-adherent YPLHIV in selected ART facilities in Blantyre will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to a customised DAT and standard care arms and followed up for 9 months. The primary outcome is proportion adherent at 9 months (>= 95% by pill count) and the secondary outcome is proportion viral load suppressed at 9 months (<200 copies/ml).

Discussion

There is a paucity of good quality evidence on effective digital health interventions to improve ART adherence and viral load suppression in YPLHIV globally and particularly in HIV high burden settings like Malawi. This study will provide good quality evidence on the effectiveness of a customised DAT in improving ART adherence and viral load suppression in this important demographic.

Trial registration

Pan African Clinical Trials Registry number: PACTR202303867267716
Date of Registration: 23 March 2023
URL of trial registry record: https:// pactr.samrc.ac.za
The attitudes of dental therapists and dental therapy educators in the South of England towards domiciliary dentistry: a qualitative study.
Authors: Quach Joshua , Patel Parul , Witton Robert , Vargas Carolina Machuca , Taylor Eleanor , Emanuel Robert
Published: June 2023

Introduction
Dental Therapists (DTs) are members of the dental team with a wide scope of practice, who support the provision of operative clinical care to several patient groups including those with vulnerabilities. One such group of vulnerable people is older patients who are often unable to attend general dental practices to access their dental care. A domiciliary or “home visit” may be required to deliver this care in a non-clinical setting.
Aim
To identify how dental therapists and dental therapy educators working in Southern England perceive domiciliary dental services and to explore what dental therapists and dental therapy educators consider to be the possible role of dental therapists in providing domiciliary dentistry.
Method
A qualitative research design using a thematic approach. Focus groups were conducted with different cohorts of dental therapists in different areas of Southern England between November 2022 and January 2023. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.
Results
A total of five focus groups were held representing a diverse community of therapists. A number of different themes emerged including, knowledge of the domiciliary patient, barriers to the provision of domiciliary care for DTs, barriers to accessing domiciliary dentistry for patients, overcoming barriers, and benefits of providing domiciliary care
Conclusion
The concept of DTs providing domiciliary care was in general viewed positively. Several perceived barriers were reported including contractual, education and training issues. These barriers would need to be overcome to improve dental workforce skill-mix in delivery of domiciliary dental care.