bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proactive Motion Planning for Uncontrolled Blind Intersections to Improve the Safety and Traffic Efficiency of Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Park Sunyeap , Jeong Yonghwan
Published: November 2022

For the last two decades, autonomous vehicles have been proposed and developed to extend the operational design domain from the motorway to urban environments. However, there have been few studies on autonomous driving for uncontrolled and blind intersections. This paper presents a proactive motion planning algorithm to enhance safety and traffic efficiency simultaneously for autonomous driving in uncontrolled blind intersections. The target states of approach motion are decided based on the field of view of the laser scanner and the pre-defined intersection map with connectivity information. The model predictive controller is used to follow the target states and determine the longitudinal motion of an autonomous vehicle. A Monte Carlo simulation with a case study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed proactive motion planner. The simulation results show that the risk caused by approaching vehicles from the occluded region is properly managed. In addition, the traffic flow is improved by reducing the required time to cross the intersections.
An Improved NSGA-II Algorithm Based on Adaptive Weighting and Searching Strategy
Authors: Hao Jian , Yang Xu , Wang Chen , Tu Rang , Zhang Tao
Published: November 2022

Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II is a classical multi-objective optimization algorithm but it suffers from poor diversity and the tendency to fall into a local optimum. In this paper, we propose an improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, which aims to address the issues of poor global optimization ability and poor convergence ability. The improved NSGA-II algorithm not only uses Levy distribution for global search, which enables the algorithm to search a wider range, but also improves the local search capability by using the relatively concentrated search property of random walk. Moreover, an adaptive balance parameter is designed to adjust the respective contributions of the exploration and exploitation abilities, which lead to a faster search of the algorithm. It helps to expand the search area, which increases the diversity of the population and avoids getting trapped in a local optimum. The superiority of the improved NSGA-II algorithm is demonstrated through benchmark test functions and a practical application. It is shown that the improved strategy provides an effective improvement in the convergence and diversity of the traditional algorithm.
Survival Trend of Tuberculosis Patients and Risk Factors Associated with Mortality and Developing Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yaghi Aseel , Shaheed Heba , Harun Sabariah , Hyder Ali Irfhan , Khan Amer
Published: November 2022

Background: Multidrug resistance TB (MDR-TB) has emerged as a public health issue worldwide, and the mortality rate is worrying. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the factors related to MDR-TB occurrence and the survival experience of TB patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Hospital Pulau Pinang in Malaysia. Medical records of active TB patients from 2014–2018 were reviewed. Cox regression was used to identify the factors associated with MDR-TB development and mortality among TB patients. Results: The patients had a mean age of 48.84 ± 16.713 years, and a majority of the Chinese race (46.4%). Out of 351 TB patients, 325 (92.6%) were drug-susceptible TB, and 26 (7.4%) were diagnosed with MDR-TB. Among drug-susceptible TB patients, 245 (75.4%) achieved successful outcomes, and 73 (22.5%) passed away. In multivariable Cox regression, drug addiction, levels of white blood cells, urea, platelets, and albumin were significantly associated with death. Relapsed TB, alcohol consumption, and being single were significant risk factors for MDR-TB development. Conclusion: Patients achieved a success rate of 75.4%, which is encouraging but still far below the WHO target (at least an 85% success rate) and has room for further improvement.
Modeling Calcium Cycling in the Heart: Progress, Pitfalls, and Challenges
Authors: Qu Zhilin , Yan Dasen , Song Zhen
Published: November 2022

Intracellular calcium (Ca) cycling in the heart plays key roles in excitation–contraction coupling and arrhythmogenesis. In cardiac myocytes, the Ca release channels, i.e., the ryanodine receptors (RyRs), are clustered in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, forming Ca release units (CRUs). The RyRs in a CRU act collectively to give rise to discrete Ca release events, called Ca sparks. A cell contains hundreds to thousands of CRUs, diffusively coupled via Ca to form a CRU network. A rich spectrum of spatiotemporal Ca dynamics is observed in cardiac myocytes, including Ca sparks, spark clusters, mini-waves, persistent whole-cell waves, and oscillations. Models of different temporal and spatial scales have been developed to investigate these dynamics. Due to the complexities of the CRU network and the spatiotemporal Ca dynamics, it is challenging to model the Ca cycling dynamics in the cardiac system, particularly at the tissue sales. In this article, we review the progress of modeling of Ca cycling in cardiac systems from single RyRs to the tissue scale, the pros and cons of the current models and different modeling approaches, and the challenges to be tackled in the future.
Neuroprotective Effects of Nicotinamide against MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Disease in Mice: Impact on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4 Signaling Pathways
Authors: Rehman Inayat Ur , Khan Amjad , Ahmad Riaz , Choe Kyonghwan , Park Hyun Young , Lee Hyeon Jin , Atiq Abubakar , Park Jungsung , Hahm Jong Ryeal , Kim Myeong Ok
Published: November 2022

Nicotinamide (NAM) is the amide form of niacin and an important precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), which is needed for energy metabolism and cellular functions. Additionally, it has shown neuroprotective properties in several neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we sought to investigate the potential protective mechanisms of NAM in an intraperitoneal (i.p) 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson’s disease (PD) mouse model (wild-type mice (C57BL/6N), eight weeks old, average body weight 25–30 g). The study had four groups (n = 10 per group): control, MPTP (30 mg/kg i.p. for 5 days), MPTP treated with NAM (500 mg/kg, i.p for 10 days) and control treated with NAM. Our study showed that MPTP increased the expression of α-synuclein 2.5-fold, decreased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) 0.5-fold and dopamine transporters (DAT) levels up to 0.5-fold in the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and impaired motor function. However, NAM treatment significantly reversed these PD-like pathologies. Furthermore, NAM treatment reduced oxidative stress by increasing the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) between 0.5- and 1.0-fold. Lastly, NAM treatment regulated neuroinflammation by reducing Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB, tumor (p-NFκB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels by 0.5- to 2-fold in the PD mouse brain. Overall, these findings suggest that NAM exhibits neuroprotective properties and may be an effective therapeutic agent for PD.
Ex Vivo Pulmonary Oedema after In Vivo Blast-Induced Rat Lung Injury: Time Dependency, Blast Intensity and Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Role
Authors: Huwer Hanno , Hadizamani Yalda , Moehrlen Ueli , Stammberger Uz , Gebhard Florian , Bally Lia , Wendel Albrecht , Liener Ulrich C. , Lucas Rudolf , Hamacher Jürg
Published: November 2022

Objective: Current treatments for blast-induced lung injury are limited to supportive procedures including mechanical ventilation. The study aimed to investigate the role of post-trauma-induced oedema generation in the function of time and trauma intensity and the probable role of beta 2-adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs) agonists on pulmonary oedema. The study is conducted using an ex vivo model after an experimental in vivo blast-induced thorax trauma in rats. Methods: Rats were randomised and divided into two groups, blast and sham. The blast group were anaesthetised and exposed to the blast wave (3.16 ± 0.43 bar) at a distance of 3.5 cm from the thorax level. The rats were sacrificed 10 min after the blast, the lungs explanted and treated with terbutaline, formoterol, propranolol or amiloride to assess the involvement of sodium transport. Other groups of rats were exposed to distances of 5 and 7 cm from the thorax to reduce the intensity of the injury. Further, one group of rats was studied after 180 min and one after 360 min after a 3.5 cm blast injury. Sham controls were exposed to identical procedures except for receiving blast overpressure. Results: Lung injury and oedema generation depended on time after injury and injury intensity. Perfusion with amiloride resulted in a further increase in oedema formation as indicated by weight gain (p < 0.001), diminished tidal volume (Tv) (p < 0.001), and increased airway resistance (p < 0.001). Formoterol caused a significant increase in the Tv (p < 0.001) and a significant decrease in the airway resistance (p < 0.01), while the lung weight was not influenced. Trauma-related oedema was significantly reduced by terbutaline in terms of lung weight gain (p < 0.01), Tv (p < 0.001), and airway resistance (p < 0.01) compared to control blast-injured lungs. Terbutaline-induced effects were completely blocked by the β-receptor antagonist propranolol (p < 0.05). Similarly, amiloride, which was added to terbutaline perfusion, reversed terbutaline-induced weight gain reduction (p < 0.05). Conclusions: β2-adrenoceptor stimulation had a beneficial impact by amiloride-dependent sodium and therefore, fluid transport mechanisms on the short-term ex vivo oedema generation in a trauma-induced in vivo lung injury of rats.
Metamemory: Metacognitive Strategies for Improved Memory Operations and the Role of VR and Mobiles
Authors: Drigas Athanasios , Mitsea Eleni , Skianis Charalabos
Published: November 2022

Memory is one of the most vital cognitive functions, affecting almost all aspects of human life. Meta-memory is considered a special part of metacognition that enables humans to acquire mnemonic knowledge and meta-skills to take control of their memory functions. In the digital era, the use of mobile applications to improve memory is constantly gaining ground, while virtual reality is considered a promising technology for memory rehabilitation. The current study aimed to present a metamemory framework based on eight fundamental principles of metacognition. The theoretical model is complemented by a set of meta-mnemonic strategies while emphasizing the role of virtual reality and mobile applications in metamemory skills training. The metamemory strategies framework supported by virtual reality and mobile applications provides a training paradigm for implementation in general, special, and vocational education.
A Review of the Durability-Related Features of Waste Tyre Rubber as a Partial Substitute for Natural Aggregate in Concrete
Authors: Li Yang , Chai Jiaqi , Wang Ruijun , Zhou Yu , Tong Xiaogen
Published: November 2022

As the number of discarded tyres continues to increase, causing serious environmental problems, the need of recycling the waste tyre rubber become extremely urgent in worldwide. Today, there is an increasing focus on recyclable materials. The reuse of waste tyre rubber in concrete contributes to sustainable development. In the past 10 years, numerous experiments on the recovery of rubber from waste tyres to produce concrete products have been conducted. In this review, we conclude the major achievement of rubberized concrete (RC) durability, discuss and analyse the influence of rubber replacement rates, replacement patterns, particle size and treatment methods. Results show that an increase in rubber content can improve the chloride penetration resistance, acid and sulphate attack resistance, freeze–thaw resistance, and alkali–silica reaction damage resistance of concrete, and the content of 5–20% has a significant improvement effect. Rubber replacing fine aggregate is the best scheme for durability, followed by cement and coarse aggregate. In addition, the recommended rubber particle size is 0–3 mm. However, the rubber particle has adverse effects on abrasion resistance, impermeability, water absorption resistance and carbonation resistance. The pre-treatment of rubber or the addition of supplementary cementitious materials are effective and viable ways of improving the durability of RC. Further research is needed on the long-term durability of RC, as well as on ductility, energy absorption, and thermal and corrosion resistance.
Combined Gaussian Local Search and Enhanced Comprehensive Learning PSO Algorithm for Size and Shape Optimization of Truss Structures
Authors: Van Thu Huynh , Tangaramvong Sawekchai , Muong Soviphou , Van Phuc Tran
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes the use of enhanced comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization (ECLPSO), combined with a Gaussian local search (GLS) technique, for the simultaneous optimal size and shape design of truss structures under applied forces and design constraints. The ECLPSO approach presents two novel enhancing techniques, namely perturbation-based exploitation and adaptive learning probability, in addition to its distinctive diversity of particles. This prevents the premature convergence of local optimal solutions. In essence, the perturbation enables the robust exploitation in the updating velocity of particles, whilst the learning probabilities are dynamically adjusted by ranking information on the personal best particles. Based on the results given by ECLPSO, the GLS technique takes data from the global best particle and personal best particles in the last iteration to generate samples from a Gaussian distribution to improve convergence precision. A combination of these techniques results in the fast convergence and likelihood to obtain the optimal solution. Applications of the combined GLS-ECLPSO method are illustrated through several successfully solved truss examples in two- and three-dimensional spaces. The robustness and accuracy of the proposed scheme are illustrated through comparisons with available benchmarks processed by other meta-heuristic algorithms. All examples show simultaneous optimal size and shape distributions of truss structures complying with limit state design specifications.
Machine Learning Modeling of Vitality Characteristics in Historical Preservation Zones with Multi-Source Data
Authors: Huang Xiaoran , Gong Pixin , Wang Siyan , White Marcus , Zhang Bo
Published: November 2022

Research on historic preservation zones (HPZs) has recently attracted increasing attention from academia and industry. With eight Beijing typical HPZs selected, this study evaluates critical vitality characteristics and identifies the key influencing factors via multi-source data and machine learning technology. The vitality characteristics were identified from three dimensions: physical space vitality, cyberspace vitality, and sentiment degree. For influencing factors, 23 variables were constructed from four aspects (morphological, functional, visual, and traffic) using Computer Vision (CV), natural language processing (NLP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Then, three vitality dimensions were introduced as responsive variables to establish three Random Forest Regression models. Lastly, each factor’s influence degree and direction on vitality were explained based on the feature importance and correlation analysis. Through this study, we have thoroughly examined the different influencing factors of vitality in HPZs and summarized the following academic findings: (1) Density of road intersections, the number of shops, and road impedance are the three of the most significant influencing factors that are negatively related to vitality. (2) Factors that have the highest impact on the sentiment degree are road impedance and the number of public infrastructures, which also negatively affect the population’s satisfaction. (3) The number of catering and entertainment amenities are critical factors that positively affect cyberspace’s vitality. In this study, all three models have adequately explained variables and generalization capability, which can be applied to other larger HPZs in Beijing. In addition, the findings of this study can also potentially provide insights for enhancing precinct vitality and the governance of HPZs in other cities.
Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Myeloma—Cracking the Code to a Better Understanding of the Disease
Authors: Iskrzak Justyna , Zygmunciak Przemysław , Misiewicz-Krzemińska Irena , Puła Bartosz
Published: November 2022

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell-derived malignancy that stands for around 1.5% of newly discovered cancer cases. Despite constantly improving treatment methods, the disease is incurable with over 13,000 deaths in the US and over 30,000 in Europe. Recent studies suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs) might play a significant role in the pathogenesis and evolution of MM. Further investigation of their role could prove to be beneficial in establishing new therapies and hence, improve the prognosis of MM patients. What is more, EVs might serve as novel markers in diagnosing and monitoring the disease. Great advancements concerning the position of EVs in the pathophysiology of MM have recently been shown in research and in this review, we would like to delve into the still expanding state of knowledge.
Association between Intraoperative Blood Transfusion, Regional Anesthesia and Outcome after Pediatric Tumor Surgery for Nephroblastoma
Authors: Müller Sarah D. , Both Christian P. , Sponholz Christoph , Voelker Maria Theresa , Christiansen Holger , Niggli Felix , Schmitz Achim , Weiss Markus , Thomas Jörg , Stehr Sebastian N. , Piegeler Tobias
Published: November 2022

Background: Recent data suggest that anesthesiologic interventions—e.g., the choice of the anesthetic regimen or the administration of blood products—might play a major role in determining outcome after tumor surgery. In contrast to adult patients, only limited data are available regarding the potential association of anesthesia and outcome in pediatric cancer patients. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study assessing data from pediatric patients (0–18 years of age) undergoing surgery for nephroblastoma between 2004 and 2018 was conducted at three academic centers in Europe. Overall and recurrence-free survival were the primary outcomes of the study and were evaluated for a potential impact of intraoperative administration of erythrocyte concentrates, the use of regional anesthesia and the choice of the anesthetic regimen. The length of stay on the intensive care unit, the time to hospital discharge after surgery and blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were defined as secondary outcomes. Results: In total, data from 65 patients were analyzed. Intraoperative administration of erythrocyte concentrates was associated with a reduction in recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio (HR) 7.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36–42.2, p = 0.004), whereas overall survival (HR 5.37, 95% CI 0.42–68.4, p = 0.124) was not affected. The use of regional anesthesia and the choice of anesthetic used for maintenance of anesthesia did not demonstrate an effect on the primary outcomes. It was, however, associated with fewer ICU transfers, a shortened time to discharge and a decreased postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Conclusions: The current study provides the first evidence for a possible association between blood transfusion as well as anesthesiologic interventions and outcome after pediatric cancer surgery.
Molecular Events in the Melanogenesis Cascade as Novel Melanoma-Targeted Small Molecules: Principle and Development
Authors: Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Ito Akira , Tamura Yasuaki , Hida Tokimasa , Kamiya Takafumi , Torigoe Toshihiko , Honda Hiroyuki , Ito Shosuke , Jimbow Kowichi
Published: November 2022

Malignant melanoma is one of the most malignant of all cancers. Melanoma occurs at the epidermo–dermal interface of the skin and mucosa, where small vessels and lymphatics are abundant. Consequently, from the onset of the disease, melanoma easily metastasizes to other organs throughout the body via lymphatic and blood circulation. At present, the most effective treatment method is surgical resection, and other attempted methods, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and gene therapy, have not yet produced sufficient results. Since melanogenesis is a unique biochemical pathway that functions only in melanocytes and their neoplastic counterparts, melanoma cells, the development of drugs that target melanogenesis is a promising area of research. Melanin consists of small-molecule derivatives that are always synthesized by melanoma cells. Amelanosis reflects the macroscopic visibility of color changes (hypomelanosis). Under microscopy, melanin pigments and their precursors are present in amelanotic melanoma cells. Tumors can be easily targeted by small molecules that chemically mimic melanogenic substrates. In addition, small-molecule melanin metabolites are toxic to melanocytes and melanoma cells and can kill them. This review describes our development of chemo-thermo-immunotherapy based on the synthesis of melanogenesis-based small-molecule derivatives and conjugation to magnetite nanoparticles. We also introduce the other melanogenesis-related chemotherapy and thermal medicine approaches and discuss currently introduced targeted therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors for unresectable/metastatic melanoma.
Circulating Long Non-Coding RNAs Could Be the Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Liquid Biopsy for the Clinical Management of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Dey Ghosh Ruma , Guha Majumder Sudhriti
Published: November 2022

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) have little or no coding potential. These transcripts are longer than 200 nucleotides. Since lncRNAs are master regulators of almost all biological processes, recent evidence proves that aberrantly expressed lncRNAs are pathogenic for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and other diseases. LncRNAs influence chromatin modifications, transcriptional modifications, post-transcriptional modifications, genomic imprinting, cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis. Consequently, they have an impact on the disease transformation, progression, and morbidity in OSCC. Therefore, circulating lncRNAs could be the potential cancer biomarker for the better clinical management (diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring) of OSCC to provide advanced treatment strategies and clinical decisions. In this review, we report and discuss the recent understandings and perceptions of dysregulated lncRNAs with a focus on their clinical significance in OSCC-disease monitoring and treatment. Evidence clearly indicates that a specific lncRNA expression signature could act as an indicator for the early prediction of diagnosis and prognosis for the initiation, progression, recurrence, metastasis and other clinical prognostic-factors (overall survival, disease-free survival, etc.) in OSCC. The present review demonstrates the current knowledge that all potential lncRNA expression signatures are molecular biomarkers for the early prediction of prognosis in OSCC. Finally, the review provides information about the clinical significance, challenges and limitations of the clinical usage of circulating lncRNAs in a liquid biopsy method in early, pre-symptomatic, sub-clinical, accurate OSCC prognostication. More studies on lncRNA are required to unveil the biology of the inherent mechanisms involved in the process of the development of differential prognostic outcomes in OSCC.
The Expression of Cell Cycle-Related Genes in USP8-Mutated Corticotroph Neuroendocrine Pituitary Tumors and Their Possible Role in Cell Cycle-Targeting Treatment
Authors: Mossakowska Beata Joanna , Rusetska Natalia , Konopinski Ryszard , Kober Paulina , Maksymowicz Maria , Pekul Monika , Zieliński Grzegorz , Styk Andrzej , Kunicki Jacek , Bujko Mateusz
Published: November 2022

Protein deubiquitinases USP8 and USP48 are known driver genes in corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs). USP8 mutations have pleiotropic effects that include notable changes in genes’ expression. Genes involved in cell cycle regulation were found differentially expressed in mutated and wild-type tumors. This study aimed to verify difference in the expression level of selected cell cycle-related genes and investigate their potential role in response to cell cycle inhibitors. Analysis of 70 corticotroph PitNETs showed that USP8-mutated tumors have lower CDKN1B, CDK6, CCND2 and higher CDC25A expression. USP48-mutated tumors have lower CDKN1B and CCND1 expression. A lower p27 protein level in mutated than in wild-type tumors was confirmed that may potentially influence the response to small molecule inhibitors targeting the cell cycle. We looked for the role of USP8 mutations or a changed p27 level in the response to palbociclib, flavopiridol and roscovitine in vitro using murine corticotroph AtT-20/D16v-F2 cells. The cells were sensitive to each agent and treatment influenced the expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation. Overexpression of mutated Usp8 in the cells did not affect the expression of p27 nor the response to the inhibitors. Downregulating or upregulating p27 expression in AtT-20/D16v-F2 cells also did not affect treatment response.
Effect of Sr-Doping on the Photocatalytic Performance of LaNiO3−σ
Authors: Zhang Yuhao , Guo Liang , Xu Qunang , Zhang Qingmao , Li Jiaming , Ma Qiongxiong
Published: November 2022

In this study, to investigate how oxygen vacancy impacts the photocatalytic performance of LaNiO3, undoped and Sr-doped LaNiO3−σ nanoparticles are successfully prepared by the sol-gel method. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results show both two samples belong to the R-3c space group of the rhombohedral system. According to the conservation of valence and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results, it is demonstrated that Sr-doping can introduce more oxygen vacancy into LaNiO3−σ. According to photocatalytic experiments of the degradation of methyl orange (MO) solution, La0.875Sr0.125NiO3−σ shows higher photocatalytic performance than undoped LaNiO3−σ. First-principle calculation results show that the introduction of oxygen vacancy and Sr-doping can lead to the narrowing of the band gap width of LaNiO3.
Stemness of Normal and Cancer Cells: The Influence of Methionine Needs and SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPAR-α Players
Authors: Siblini Youssef , Namour Farès , Oussalah Abderrahim , Guéant Jean-Louis , Chéry Céline
Published: November 2022

Stem cells are a population of undifferentiated cells with self-renewal and differentiation capacities. Normal and cancer stem cells share similar characteristics in relation to their stemness properties. One-carbon metabolism (OCM), a network of interconnected reactions, plays an important role in this dependence through its role in the endogenous synthesis of methionine and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the universal donor of methyl groups in eukaryotic cells. OCM genes are differentially expressed in stem cells, compared to their differentiated counterparts. Furthermore, cultivating stem cells in methionine-restricted conditions hinders their stemness capacities through decreased SAM levels with a subsequent decrease in histone methylation, notably H3K4me3, with a decrease in stem cell markers. Stem cells’ reliance on methionine is linked to several mechanisms, including high methionine flux or low endogenous methionine biosynthesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent discoveries concerning this metabolic dependence and we discuss the mechanisms behind them. We highlight the influence of SIRT1 on SAM synthesis and suggest a role of PGC-1α/PPAR-α in impaired stemness produced by methionine deprivation. In addition, we discuss the potential interest of methionine restriction in regenerative medicine and cancer treatment.
α-Lipoic Acid Derivatives as Allosteric Modulators for Targeting AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptors’ Gating Modules
Authors: Qneibi Mohammad , Nassar Safa’ , Bdir Sosana , Hidmi Adel
Published: November 2022

The ionotropic glutamate receptor subtype α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) is responsible for most excitatory transmission in the brain. AMPA receptor function is altered in numerous neurological illnesses, making AMPA receptors appealing therapeutic targets for clinical intervention. Alpha-Lipoic acid (α-LA) is a naturally occurring compound, which functions as a co-factor in metabolism and energy production. α-LA is an antioxidant with various benefits in treating diabetes, including managing symptomatic diabetic neuropathy. This study will test a novel and innovative strategy to synthesize a new isomer of lipoic acid (R-LA) derivatives (bifunctional NO-donor/antioxidant) in one chemical on homomeric and heteromeric AMPA receptor subunits. We used patch-clamp electrophysiology to examine LA derivatives expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293) for inhibition and changes in desensitization or deactivation rates. LA derivatives were shown to be potent antagonists of AMPA receptors, with an 8–11-fold reduction in AMPA receptor currents seen following the delivery of the compounds. Furthermore, the LA derivatives influenced the rates of desensitization and deactivation of AMPA receptors. Based on our results, especially given that α-LA is closely connected to the nervous system, we may better understand using AMPA receptors and innovative drugs to treat neurological diseases associated with excessive activation of AMPA receptors.
Challenges in Work and Employment during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kalliola Satu , Heiskanen Tuula
Published: November 2022

Since 2019, we have been living and working in close connection with the threat of an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus [...]
Development and Field Validation of Low-Cost Metal Oxide Nanosensors for Tropospheric Ozone Monitoring in Rural Areas
Authors: Gómez-Suárez Jaime , Arroyo Patricia , Cerrato-Álvarez María , Hontañón Esther , Masa Sergio , Menini Philippe , Presmanes Lionel , Alfonso Raimundo , Pinilla-Gil Eduardo , Lozano Jesús
Published: November 2022

This work describes the technical features and the performance of two different types of metal-oxide semiconductor sensors, based on ZnO:Ga thin films and SnO2-G nanofibrous layers, for tropospheric ozone monitoring in ambient air. These nanostructures were tested and compared with commercial metal-oxide semiconductor sensors under controlled laboratory conditions and in a field campaign during summer 2021 in Monfragüe National Park (western Spain). The paper also details the design of the electronic device developed for this purpose. A machine learning algorithm based on Support Vector Regression (SVR) allowed the conversion of the resistive values into ozone concentration, which was evaluated afterward. The results showed that the manufactured sensors performed similarly to the commercial sensors in terms of R2 (0.94 and 0.95) and RMSE (5.21 and 4.83 μg∙m−3). Moreover, a novel uncertainty calculation based on European guides for air quality sensor testing was conducted, in which the manufactured sensors outperformed the commercial ones.
Facilitating Children’s Club-Organized Sports Participation: Person–Environment Misfits Experienced by Parents from Low-Income Families
Authors: van Leeuwen Lonneke , Annink Anne , Visser Kirsten , Jambroes Marielle
Published: November 2022

Despite the many benefits of club-organized sports participation for children, studies have shown that sports participation is lower among children from low-income families than among children from middle- or high-income families. Adopting a socioecological perspective, the main aim of our study was to identify and describe experiences of person–environment (PE) misfits in relation to parental facilitation of children’s sports participation. We conducted 24 interviews with parents from low-income families. PE misfits were found in multiple behaviors related to the facilitation of children’s sports participation: financing sports participation; planning and investing time; transporting children; acquiring, processing, and providing information; and arranging support. Across these PE misfits, influential attributes were found on the individual level (e.g., skills) as well as within the social, policy, physical, and information environment. In response to PE misfits experienced, parents deployed multiple strategies to reduce these PE misfits, aimed at enhancing either themselves (e.g., increasing financial capacities) or their environments (e.g., arranging social support). These results provide an insight into experienced PE misfits that took the form of multiple specific behaviors which parents found difficult while facilitating their children’s sports participation. Furthermore, the results provide insight into the environmental and individual attributes that were involved in these PE misfits, and into how parents modified themselves or their environments in order to make their environments more supportive. The study contributes to future research on individual and environmental influences on parental facilitation of their children’s sports participation, as well as on the development of multilevel interventions aimed at increasing sports participation among children from low-income families.
Spatial and Climate Governance and Policy to Tackle the Challenges of the Anthropocene: A Critical Analysis Based on the Paradigmatic Tourism Destination of Mallorca (Spain)
Authors: Escudero-Gómez Luis A. , González-Pérez Jesús M. , Lois-González Rubén C.
Published: November 2022

The Anthropocene era demands a future alternative to the current state of play. The aim of this study is to analyze spatial and climate governance and policy through a critical geographical study of the island of Mallorca (Spain), an example of the model of urban development and tourism growth that has generated acute environmental impacts. Beginning with the European Union and Spain, the work then narrows its focus to the case study of Mallorca. The study is based on a review of the academic literature, statistical sources, and an analysis of the content of spatial and climate policy in Spain and the Balearic Islands. The work reflects on the flawed spatial planning responses to climate change and outlines strategies to adopt more radical measures for effective climate action. The work identifies six main shortcomings and makes proposals to tackle the challenges of the Anthropocene in Mallorca, responding to each of the deficiencies detected. The article seeks to encourage reflection and proposes key strategies for spatial governance and climate policy to lend coherence to the fight against climate change.
Direct Resolution of the Interactions of a Hydrocarbon Gas with Adsorbed Surfactant Monolayers at the Water/Air Interface Using Neutron Reflectometry
Authors: Campbell Richard A. , Kairaliyeva Talmira , Santer Svetlana , Schneck Emanuel , Miller Reinhard
Published: November 2022

We have directly resolved in the present work the interfacial composition during and after the interactions of a saturated atmosphere of oil vapor with soluble surfactant solutions at a planar water/air interface for the first time. Experiments were conducted on interactions of hexane vapor with solutions of alkyltrimethylammonium bromides and sodium dodecyl sulfate to observe the balance between cooperativity and competition of the components at the interface. In all cases, hexane adsorption was strongly enhanced by the presence of the surfactant, even at bulk surfactant concentrations four orders of magnitude below the critical micelle concentration. Cooperativity of the surfactant adsorption was observed only for sodium dodecyl sulfate at intermediate bulk concentrations, yet for all four systems, competition set in at higher concentrations, as hexane adsorption reduced the surfactant surface excess. The data fully supported the complete removal of hexane from the interface following venting of the system to remove the saturated atmosphere of oil vapor. These results help to identify future experiments that would elaborate and could explain the cooperativity of surfactant adsorption, such as on cationic surfactants with short alkyl chains and a broader series of anionic surfactants. This work holds relevance for oil recovery applications with foam, where there is a gas phase saturated with oil vapor.
Learning-Based Matched Representation System for Job Recommendation
Authors: Alsaif Suleiman Ali , Sassi Hidri Minyar , Eleraky Hassan Ahmed , Ferjani Imen , Amami Rimah
Published: November 2022

Job recommender systems (JRS) are a subclass of information filtering systems that aims to help job seekers identify what might match their skills and experiences and prevent them from being lost in the vast amount of information available on job boards that aggregates postings from many sources such as LinkedIn or Indeed. A variety of strategies used as part of JRS have been implemented, most of them failed to recommend job vacancies that fit properly to the job seekers profiles when dealing with more than one job offer. They consider skills as passive entities associated with the job description, which need to be matched for finding the best job recommendation. This paper provides a recommender system to assist job seekers in finding suitable jobs based on their resumes. The proposed system recommends the top-n jobs to the job seekers by analyzing and measuring similarity between the job seeker’s skills and explicit features of job listing using content-based filtering. First-hand information was gathered by scraping jobs description from Indeed from major cities in Saudi Arabia (Dammam, Jeddah, and Riyadh). Then, the top skills required in job offers were analyzed and job recommendation was made by matching skills from resumes to posted jobs. To quantify recommendation success and error rates, we sought to compare the results of our system to reality using decision support measures.
Anti-Pollution Activity, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fermented Extract from Smilax china Leaf in Macrophages and Keratinocytes
Authors: Kim Yoo-Kyung , Kang Dae-Jung
Published: November 2022

Air pollution has considerable effects on the human skin, showing that every single pollutant has a different toxicological impact on it. The oxidative stress that exceeds the skin’s antioxidant capacity can lead to oxidative damage and premature skin aging by repeated air pollutant contact. In this study, according to the generalized protocol available to objectively substantiate the ‘anti-pollution’ claim, we evaluated several biomarkers after pollutants exposure in Raw 264.7 macro-phages and HaCaT keratinocytes to investigate the possibility of anti-pollution cosmetic material of fermented extract from Smilax china leaves (FESCL). FESCL decreased pollutants-induced luciferase activity in a dose-dependent manner, and FESCL significantly inhibited XRE-luciferase activity at a concentration of 1%. The IC50 value of FESCL showed the same DPPH scavenging activity at 0.0625% as ascorbic acid, and the maximum DPPH scavenging activity (92.44%) at 1%. The maximum permissible non-cytotoxic concentrations of FESCL for a Raw 264.7 cell was determined to be 2%, where PGE2 production of FESCL was inhibited by 78.20%. These results show the anti-pollution activity of FESCL against the pollutant-stimulated human living skin explants. In conclusion, we confirmed the anti-pollution potential of FESCL as one of the functional materials in cosmetic formulation.
Predictive Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for Left Ventricular Remodeling of Patients with Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ma Wenkun , Li Xinni , Gao Chengjie , Gao Yajie , Liu Yuting , Kang Sang , Pan Jingwei
Published: November 2022

Background: Heart failure is a serious complication resulting from left ventricular remodeling (LVR), especially in patients experiencing acute anterior myocardial infarction (AAMI). It is crucial to explore the predictive parameters for LVR following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in patients with AAMI. Methods: A total of 128 AAMI patients who were reperfused successfully by PPCI were enrolled sequentially from June 2018 to December 2019. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed at the early stage (<7 days) and after the 6-month follow-up. The patients were divided into LVR and non-LVR groups according to the increase of left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) measured by the second cardiac magnetic resonance examination ≥20% from baseline. (3) Results: The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the global longitudinal strain (GLS), the peak circumferential strain in infarcted segments, and the infarct size (IS) remained significantly different in the multivariate logistic regression analysis (all p < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of Model 1, wherein the GLS was added to the LVEF, was 0.832 (95% CI 0.758–0.907, p < 0.001). The C-statistics for Model 2, which included the infarct-related regional parameters (IS and the peak circumferential strain in infarcted segments)was 0.917 (95% CI 0.870–0.965, p < 0.001). Model 2 was statistically superior to Model 1 in predicting LVR (IDI: 0.190, p = 0.002). (4) Conclusions: Both the global and regional CMR parameters were valuable in predicting LVR in patients with AAMI following the PPCI. The local parameters of the infarct zones were superior to those of the global ones.
Analysis of Spinal Ischemia after Frozen Elephant Trunk for Acute Aortic Dissection: An Observational, Single-Center Study
Authors: Cuellar Frederico Lomonaco , Oberhuber Alexander , Martens Sven , Rukosujew Andreas , Marchiori Elena , Ibrahim Abdulhakim
Published: November 2022

Background: This observational study aimed to evaluate the perioperative risk factors for spinal cord ischemia (SCI) in patients who underwent aortic repair with the frozen elephant trunk technique (FET) after acute aortic Stanford A dissection. Methods: From May 2015 to April 2019, 31 patients underwent aortic arch replacement with the FET technique, and spinal ischemia was observed in 4 patients. The risk factors for postoperative SCI were analyzed. Results: The mean age of patients with acute aortic dissection was 57.1 years, and 29.4% were female. Four patients developed SCI. There were no significant differences in characteristics such as age and body mass index. The female gender was associated with most of the SCI cases in the univariate analysis (75%, p = 0.016). Known perioperative and intraoperative risk factors were not related to postoperative SCI in our study. Patients who developed SCI had increased serum postoperative creatinine levels (p = 0.03). Twenty-four patients showed complete false lumen thrombosis up to zones 3–4, five patients up to zones 5–6 and two patients up to zones 7–9, which correlates with the postoperative development of SCI (p = 0.02). The total number of patent intercostal arteries was significantly reduced postoperatively in SCI patients (p = 0.044). Conclusions: Postoperative acute kidney injury, the reduction in patent intercostal arteries after surgery and the extension of false lumen thrombosis up to and beyond zone 5 may play a significant role in the development of clinically relevant spinal cord injury after FET.
Divergent Effects of Glycemic Control and Bariatric Surgery on Circulating Concentrations of TMAO in Newly Diagnosed T2D Patients and Morbidly Obese
Authors: Canyelles Marina , Pérez Antonio , Junza Alexandra , Miñambres Inka , Yanes Oscar , Sardà Helena , Rotllan Noemí , Julve Josep , Sánchez-Quesada José Luis , Tondo Mireia , Escolà-Gil Joan Carles , Blanco-Vaca Francisco
Published: November 2022

High circulating concentrations of the gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) are significantly associated with the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed at evaluating the impact of glycemic control and bariatric surgery on circulating concentrations of TMAO and its microbiota-dependent intermediate, γ-butyrobetaine (γBB), in newly diagnosed T2D patients and morbidly obese subjects following a within-subject design. Based on HbA1c concentrations, T2D patients achieved glycemic control. However, the plasma TMAO and γBB concentrations were significantly increased, without changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate. Bariatric surgery was very effective in reducing weight in obese subjects. Nevertheless, the surgery reduced plasma γBB concentrations without affecting TMAO concentrations and the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Considering these results, an additional experiment was carried out in male C57BL/6J mice fed a Western-type diet for twelve weeks. Neither diet-induced obesity nor insulin resistance were associated with circulating TMAO and γBB concentrations in these genetically defined mice strains. Our findings do not support that glycemic control or bariatric surgery improve the circulating concentrations of TMAO in newly diagnosed T2D and morbidly obese patients.
The Diagnostic Value of Anti-Parietal Cell and Intrinsic Factor Antibodies, Pepsinogens, and Gastrin-17 in Corpus-Restricted Atrophic Gastritis
Authors: Kriķe Petra , Shums Zakera , Poļaka Inese , Kikuste Ilze , Vanags Aigars , Tolmanis Ivars , Isajevs Sergejs , Liepniece-Karele Inta , Santare Daiga , Tzivian Lilian , Rudzīte Dace , Song Minkyo , Camargo M. Constanza , Norman Gary L. , Leja Mārcis
Published: November 2022

We aimed to determine the diagnostic value of anti-parietal cell antibodies (anti-PCA), anti-intrinsic factor antibodies (anti-IFA), pepsinogen ratio (PGI/II), and gastrin-17 (G-17) in corpus-restricted atrophic gastritis (CRAG) detected by ELISA (Inova, Biohit). Our study compared 29 CRAG cases against 58 age- and sex-matched controls with mild or no atrophy. Anti-PCA and anti-IFA positive cutoff values were ≥25 units for both. PGI/II value <3 was considered characteristic for atrophy; positive cutoff values for G-17 and anti-H. pylori IgG were >5 pg/L and >30 EIU. Anti-PCA was positive in 65.5% For CRAG cases and 13.8% of the controls (p < 0.0001), anti-IFA was positive in 13.8% and 0% (p = 0.01), respectively. Decreased pepsinogen levels were present in 79.3% of CRAG cases and 10.3% of the controls (p < 0.0001). PGI/II ratio was the best single biomarker, with sensitivity = 79%, specificity = 90%, and AUC 0.90. The combined use of PGI/II and anti-PCA resulted in AUC 0.93 for detecting CRAG. Our study suggests that the best combination of non-invasive biomarkers for detecting CRAG is PGI/II with anti-PCA. The addition of G-17 and anti-IFA is of little utility in clinical application.