bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Altas habilidades/superdotação: mitos e dilemas docentes na indicação para o atendimento
Authors: Azevedo Sonia Maria Lourenço de , Mettrau Marsyl Bulkool
Published: March 2012

O baixo quantitativo de indicação de alunos com altas habilidades/superdotação apontado pelos professores de um Município da periferia do Rio de Janeiro motivou a investigação das possíveis dificuldades encontradas pelos professores nesse processo. Os sujeitos desta pesquisa são 52 professores divididos em dois grupos: 26 professores que indicaram alunos para o programa de alunos com altas habilidades/ superdotação da Secretaria Municipal de Educação desse Município (grupo 1), e 26 professores que não indicaram alunos (grupo 2). Os fatores utilizados nesta pesquisa foram: (a) perfil sociodemográfico dos respondentes; (b) levantamento de possíveis elementos da representação social desse professor por meio dos termos indutores: altas habilidades/superdotação e educação especial; (c) três dilemas baseados na teoria de julgamento moral e nos mitos referentes a altas habilidades/superdotação. conclui-se que, em ambos os grupos, há fortes indícios de que os mitos acerca das altas habilidades/superdotação influenciam a indicação/não indicação desses alunos, e que esses mitos devem ser discutidos junto aos professores de modo a facilitar a indicação
Blogs: de diários pessoais a comunidades virtuais de escritores/leitores
Authors: Luccio Flavia Di , Nicolacida-Costa Ana Maria
Published: March 2012

Novos suportes de textos geram novas formas de escrever e ler. Ao longo da História, três grandes revoluções textuais foram produzidas pelas invenções do códice, da imprensa e da rede internacional de computadores. Nesse último caso, o suporte textual passou a ser a tela do computador, que, conectada às telas de outros computadores, incorporou várias características da escrita on-line, inclusive sua interatividade. Esse espaço textual interconectado pode ser subdividido em inúmeros outros. Um deles é o dos blogs. Inicialmente dedicados predominantemente ao diarismo, seu uso foi se diversificando e dando lugar a outros tipos de blog (jornalísticos, humorísticos, literários, etc). Para investigar como escritores e leitores estão usando esse novo espaço textual e seus recursos, foram realizadas entrevistas abertas com escritores de blogs brasileiros. A análise de seus depoimentos revelou que, ao mesmo tempo em que escrevem seus blogs, todos leem regularmente outros blogs e interagem com os autores destes. como resultado, é formada uma comunidade de escritores/leitores de blogs com grande potencial de integração, contestação e formação de opinião pública.
Processamento auditivo, leitura e escrita na síndrome de Silver-Russell: relato de caso
Authors: Garcia Patrícia Fernandes , Salvador Karina Krähembühl , Moraes Tâmyne Ferreira Duarte de , Feniman Mariza Ribeiro , Crenitte Patrícia de Abreu Pinheiro
Published: March 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os aspectos fonoaudiológicos de processamento auditivo, leitura e escrita de um paciente do gênero masculino com diagnóstico de síndrome de Silver-Russell. Aos dois meses de idade o paciente apresentava déficit pôndero-estatural; frontal amplo; orelhas pequenas, proeminentes e com baixa implantação; palato ogival; discreta micrognatia; esclera azulada; manchas café-com-leite; sobreposição do primeiro e segundo artelhos à direita; refluxo gastroesofágico; voz e choro agudos; atraso leve no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor; e dificuldade de ganhar peso, recebendo o diagnóstico da síndrome. Na avaliação psicológica, realizada aos 8 anos de idade, o paciente apresentou nível intelectual normal, com dificuldades cognitivas envolvendo atenção sustentada, concentração, memória verbal imediata e processos emocionais e comportamentais. Para avaliação da leitura e escrita e de seus processos subjacentes, realizada aos 9 anos de idade foram utilizados os testes de Compreensão Leitora de Textos Expositivos, Perfil das Habilidades Fonológicas, Teste de Discriminação Auditiva, escrita espontânea, Teste de Desempenho Escolar (TDE), teste de Nomeação Automática Rápida e prova de memória de trabalho fonológica. Apresentou dificuldades em todos os testes, estando as pontuações abaixo do esperado para sua idade. Na avaliação do processamento auditivo foram realizados testes monóticos, dióticos e dicóticos. Foram encontradas alterações nas habilidades de atenção auditiva sustentada e seletiva, memória sequencial para sons verbais e não-verbais, e resolução temporal. Conclui-se que o paciente apresenta alterações na aprendizagem da leitura e escrita que podem ser secundários a síndrome de Silver-Russell, porém tais dificuldades também podem ser decorrentes das alterações em habilidades do processamento auditivo.
Usando um voltímetro para medir tempo
Authors: Hessel Roberto , Perinotto Ângelo C.
Published: March 2012

As vezes, para se medir um intervalo de tempo, é suficiente um cronômetro, outras vezes é preciso imaginar ou lançar mão de métodos indiretos. Neste trabalho exploramos um método indireto para medir intervalos de tempo baseado na curva de descarga de um capacitor através de um resistor. O capacitor, previamente carregado, esta ligado em série com o resistor e uma chave apropriada inicialmente aberta. Quando a chave é acionada durante um certo tempo, o capacitor perde parte de sua carga e a tensão nos seus terminais cai para um valor V. Medindo-se a tensão inicial V0 e a tensão V, determina-se a partir da curva de descarga ou da equação de descarga de um capacitor num circuito RC o tempo t durante o qual a chave permaneceu fechada. O método consiste justamente em associar a duração de um evento ao tempo t durante o qual a chave permaneceu fechada. Para medir V e V0 sem que o capacitor se descarregue através da resistência interna do voltímetro, acoplamos a ele um amplificador operacional (CA 3140), montado na configuração seguidor emissor. O método foi testado com sucesso numa série de experiências que realizamos. Numa delas, por exemplo, medimos a duração de uma colisão entre duas esferas de aço e, numa outra, medimos a velocidade de um projétil disparado por uma carabina de pressão.
Astronomia islâmica entre Ptolomeu e Copérnico: tradição Maraghah
Authors: Barros-Pereira Humberto Antonio de
Published: March 2012

Este artigo apresenta a descrição, análise e comparação dos modelos da astronomia islâmica na Idade Media com os modelos ptolomaicos para estabelecer o processo de evolução dos modelos cinematicos na Tradição Maraghah e a motivação para o desenvolvimento destes modelos não ptolomaicos.
Medidas de elétrons livres no vácuo e estatística de Fermi-Dirac
Authors: Lüdke Everton
Published: March 2012

Neste artigo, apresento uma série de experimentos laboratoriais de baixo custo para comprovação de conceitos fundamentais da estatística quântica de Fermi-Dirac e medidas quantitativas da densidade de corrente de um feixe de elétrons livres térmicos no vácuo para comprovar experimentalmente a equação de Richard-Dushman. As técnicas experimentais e a analise numérica para a equação da densidade de corrente são discutidas nesse trabalho. Válvulas termoiônicas comerciais se mostraram excelentes para corroborar os conceitos discutidos no presente trabalho.
Germination and Emergence Tests for Predicting Switchgrass Field Establishment
Authors: Mitchell R. B. , Vogel K. P.
Published: March 2012

The effect of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) seed quality tests on field establishment has been addressed inadequately. Our objective was to evaluate the ability of seed quality tests to predict field establishment. Standard Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) tests are based on the percentage of seeds in a seedlot that germinate under standard laboratory conditions, whereas the seedlot establishment tests (SETs) are based on the number of seeds that emerge per gram of seed using different germination or stress test conditions. The SET was determined using six laboratory tests and the results validated in three replicated field trials. Treatments were: (i) AOSA pure live seed (PLS) test assuming 858 seeds g−1; (ii) AOSA test with no prechill; (iii) AOSA test with prechill; (iv) heat stressed at 50°C for 12 h; (v) emergence from 4 cm of sand; and (vi) heat stressed plus emergence from 2 cm of sand. Data from noncontrol tests were on a SET per‐gram basis. Field establishment differed by the seed quality test on which the seeding rate was based. The best predictor of field establishment was emergence from 4 cm of sand, which had an establishment index (ratio of field‐emerged seeds to seeds planted) that was 3.5 times greater than the PLS method and 36% greater than no prechill. Stands on which planting rates were based on SET that included stress tests were better predictors of field establishment than the standard PLS method. Switchgrass seeding rates based on SET are recommended to reduce the risk of failure during stand establishment.
Risk Management in Forage Production of Cow–Calf Systems of Appalachia
Authors: Newman Christina L. , Abaye A. Ozzie , Clapham William M. , Tracy Benjamin F. , Swecker William S. , Maguire Rory O.
Published: March 2012

Variation in production of cool‐season forages over a typical grazing period increases the risk of failing to meet livestock nutrient needs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk‐buffering capacity of warm‐season forages to fill the summer slump in production of cool‐season grasses in the Appalachian region. Small‐plot experiments were initiated in the summer of 2008 at three sites in Virginia. Treatments included three tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Hulub] types (endophyte‐infected [KY31 E+], endophyte free [KY31 E–], and novel endophyte [Max Q]), Teff [Eragrotis tef (Zucc.) Trotter], bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] (BG), and Caucasian bluestem [Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz) S.T. Blake] (CB). Plots were harvested May through October of 2009 and 2010 at the late boot stage at a cutting height of 10 cm. Subsamples were analyzed for dry matter and nutritive value. To assess risk, bootstrap distributions of biomass and quality data were generated by Monte Carlo simulation and compared against an objective function defined as 59 kg ha−1 d−1 forage yield; 100 g kg−1 crude protein (CP); 600 g kg−1 total digestible nutrients (TDN). The warm‐season grasses produced biomass yields and nutritional values adequate to fill the summer slump from cool‐season forages and demonstrated a higher probability of meeting the minimum requirements in July, August, and September. Teff was most consistent in meeting the minimum requirements in mid‐summer. However, both BG and CB can help to fill the gap in summer months when compared to cool‐season tall fescue. Bootstrap distributions provide producers with a tool that links their production goals with a measurable value of production risk.
Inherent Agricultural Constraints in Allegheny Plateau Soils
Authors: Zobel Richard W.
Published: March 2012

World population increases demand increased agricultural production. This can be accomplished through improved cultivars and production techniques or increased use of previously marginal agricultural regions. In the Allegheny Plateau (AP) region of the Appalachian Mountains, acid soils with toxic levels of Al and Mn predominate. Technologies to successfully ameliorate these conditions, such as liming which has been used successfully in other regions and the world, have been restricted to the top 5 cm of the AP acid soils when applied as a surface treatment or within 5cm of the bottom of the stirred soil layer when incorporated. The subsoils remain unaffected by these treatments, subjecting crops to Al, Mn, and hydronium ion toxicity, and to frequent drought because of the inability of roots to penetrate the additional reserves of moisture in the subsoils. Unless ameliorating factors that move into the subsoils are identified, or plants tolerant to these soils are developed, the small farmers, family gardeners, and urban agriculturists will continue to be net agricultural importers at best.
Nutrient Applications Reported by Farmers Compared with Performance‐Based Nutrient Management Plans
Authors: Tao Haiying , Morris Thomas F. , Bravo‐Ureta Boris , Meinert Richard , Neafsey Joseph
Published: March 2012

This study had two main objectives: (i) to evaluate how well farmers implemented nutrient management plans (NMPs) by comparing the farmers’ reported practices with the recommended management for manure and fertilizer; and (ii) to evaluate whether the management of manure and fertilizer had significant effects on the nutrient status of soil and corn tissue tests. The analysis relied on data from four dairy farms that had 5 to 7 yr of records at the field level. The farmers chose to apply the recommended amount of fertilizer P from 50 to 100% of the fields. The amount applied was often only 10 to 20 kg P2O5 ha−1 different from the recommended amount. The farmers applied the recommended amount of fertilizer N from 40 to 71% of the fields when the pre‐sidedress soil nitrate test (PSNT) was used for the recommendation, but only 1 to 21% of the fields received the recommended amount when the yield goal method was used. These data suggest that the farmers trusted a fertilizer recommendation developed from a soil test more than they trusted a nonsoil test recommendation. Only a small percentage of fields (3–37%) received the recommended amount of manure N and P. Variability in the amount of residual N available from previous manure applications caused great variation in the PSNT and corn stalk nitrate values (CSNT). This variation in N availability in fields indicates that a number of years of data are needed before the PSNT and the CSNT can be used to objectively evaluate the performance of an NMP.
“Diamond in the Rough”: The Impact of a Remedial Program on College Access and Opportunity for Black Males at an Historically Black Institution
Authors: Palmer Robert T. , Davis Ryan J.
Published: March 2012

Researchers, policymakers, and administrations have shown great concern over the efficacy of college remediation, which has prompted some states to eliminate remedial programs from public 4–year institutions. However, research suggests that eliminating these programs may have unintended consequences on college access and opportunity for underrepresented minority students, particularly African Americans. This study explores the impact of a remedial program on 11 African-American male students at a public 4–year historically Black institution. Findings illuminate the importance of college remediation in promoting college access and opportunity for underprepared Black male students, and how remedial programs increase academic and social integration for these students.
Comparative effectiveness of efavirenz-based antiretroviral regimens in resource-limited settings
Authors: Castillo-Mancilla Jose R , Campbell Thomas B
Published: March 2012

Efavirenz (EFV) is a non-nucleoside widely used as first-line therapy for HIV-1 infection. Most of the research available on EFV comes from trials performed in industrialized countries and only a few studies have evaluated EFV in resource-limited settings (RLSs). In this article, we present a systematic review of the available randomized-controlled trials performed in RLSs that have compared EFV with other antiretrovirals, such as nevirapine and protease inhibitors. The data derived from these studies show that both EFV and nevirapine are adequate first-line therapy options for HIV-1 infection in RLSs, even in patients with concomitant tuberculosis. However, EFV may show a slight benefit in terms of toxicity and adverse events. By contrast, the data comparing EFV versus protease inhibitors is contradictory and further studies may be required to elucidate these discrepancies.
The role of private industry in pragmatic comparative effectiveness trials
Authors: Buesching Don P , Luce Bryan R , Berger Marc L
Published: March 2012

Comparative effectiveness research (CER) includes pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) to address ‘real-world’ effectiveness. CER interest would be expected to stimulate biopharmaceutical manufacturer PCT investment; however, this does not seem to be the case. In this article we identify all industry-sponsored PCT studies from 1996 to 2010; analyze them across a variety of characteristics, including sponsor, research question, design, comparators and results; and suggest methodological and policy changes to spur future manufacturer PCT investment. Nine ‘naturalistic’, head-to-head versus standard of care or similar agent PCTs were identified. Two included a ‘usual care’ arm. Chronic care trials’ length averaged 12 months (range: 6–24 months), six of which reported equivocal or no difference in effectiveness; results of two chronic and the single acute care PCTs favored the sponsor drug. None reported the sponsor drug inferior. Of seven that evaluated utilization or costs, six reported no differences and four of five studies comparing brand-generic drugs reported no difference. Whereas private investment in PCTs is in the public interest, manufacturers apparently have not yet seen the business case. To induce investment, we propose several methodological and regulatory policy innovations designed to reduce business risk by decreasing outcome variability and increasing trial efficiency, flexibility and market applicability.
Effects of aluminum trichloride and magnesium chloride on the synthesis of ladder polyphenylsilsesquioxane
Authors: Jiang Yunyun , Yang Rongjie
Published: March 2012

Ladder polyphenylsilsesquioxane (Ph-LPSQ) has been synthesized at 80?C
through the hydrolysis and condensation of phenyltrichlorosilane (PhSiCl3),
with aluminum chloride (AlCl3) or magnesium chloride (MgCl2) as an assistant
reactant. The Ph-LPSQ obtained has been characterized and analyzed by SEM,
FTIR, TGA, 29Si NMR, and MALDI-TOF MS, and the effects of AlCl3and MgCl2on the
structure regularity of Ph-LPSQ and the condensation polymerizationhavealso
been studied. The results showed that Ph-LPSQ could be obtained in
theAlCl3and MgCl2systems, respectively, but the experimental phenomena and
results showed significant differences between the two systems. SEM observation
revealed spherical Ph-LPSQ particles from the PhSiCl3/AlCl3system, but
irregular and agglomerated Ph-LPSQ particles from the PhSiCl3/1.5(MgCl2)
system. TGA, 29SiNMR, and MALDI-TOF MS indicated that the ladder structure of
Ph-LPSQ from the PhSiCl3/1.5(MgCl2) system was more regular. Inthe
PhSiCl3/AlCl3system, Al could be incorporated into the ladder chain structure
through competing reactions between Si-O-Al and Si-O-Si, which slightly
decreased the regularity of the ladder chain structure of Ph-LPSQ. Mechanistic
analysis suggests that the presence of AlCl3or MgCl2in the hydrolysis and
condensation system favors the intermolecular condensation of intermediate
products of polyhydroxyl silanol to form a regular ladder structure.
Identity, Incentives, and the Value of Information
Authors: Heinle Mirko S. , Hofmann Christian , Kunz Alexis H.
Published: March 2012

We examine the impact of identity preferences on the interrelation between incentives and performance measurement. In our model, a manager identifies with an organization and loses utility to the extent that his actions conflict with effort-standards issued by the principal. Contrary to prior arguments in the literature, we find conditions under which a manager who identifies strongly with the organization receives stronger incentives and faces more performance evaluation reports than a manager who does not identify with the organization. Our theory predicts that managers who experience events that boost their identification with the firm can decrease their effort in short-term value creation. We also find that firms are more likely to employ less precise but more congruent performance measures, such as stock prices, when contracting with managers who identify little with the organization. In contrast, they use more precise but less congruent measures, such as accounting earnings, when contracting with managers who identify strongly with the firm.
The Effect of Early Career Experience on Auditors' Assessments of Error Explanations in Analytical Review
Authors: Yen Alex C.
Published: March 2012

In this paper, I examine the analytical review judgments of staff-level auditors. Heiman (1988) finds that students do not perform as well as senior-level auditors when performing certain analytical review procedures. I conduct an experiment based on Heiman (1988, 1990) to examine the analytical review judgments of those individuals who fall in between the two groups studied by Heiman—staff-level auditors who have some full-time experience, but are not yet at the senior level. I find that staff-level auditors' judgments are similar to the senior-level auditors' judgments observed in Heiman (1990). The results provide evidence about the readiness of staff-level auditors to perform certain analytical review procedures, which has staffing implications for audit firms looking to maximize audit efficiency without sacrificing audit effectiveness. The results also provide insights about the transition of an auditor from novice to expert.

Data Availability: Available upon request.
How Culture Shapes Nature: Reflections on Ecomuseum Practices
Authors: Borrelli Nunzia , Davis Peter
Published: March 2012

This paper describes the main characteristics of ecomuseums as a prelude to analyzing the ways in which they interpret the relationship between nature and culture. It appears that ecomuseums have the capability to interpret this relationship as a dynamic process. However, ecomuseum practices are not simply dedicated to conserving aspects of heritage, but also provide a system of norms and values that contribute to shaping habitus and where “genius loci“ or sense of place can manifest itself. If society is to contribute to the preservation and valorization of nature, then frames of reference - such as the ecomuseum - can seek to inform and change attitudes and perceptions of the nature-culture dynamic. Consequently, people, communities, and democracy lie at the heart of ecomuseum philosophy, encouraging groups and individuals to work together to contribute to improving the environment. Social actions and the negotiation of forms of capital are essential to the process.
Old Philosophy, New Movement: The Rise of the Islamic Ecological Paradigm in the Discourse of Environmentalism
Authors: Islam Md Saidul
Published: March 2012

Contesting the U.S.-centric bias of modern environmentalism, this essay uncovers an “old“ paradigm of environmentalism found in the medieval Islamic tradition, the Islamic Ecological Paradigm (IEP)—which, in many respects, is tantamount to many ideologies of modern environmentalism. According to IEP, human beings are a part of, and not above, nature, and have the responsibility to preserve nature. Many paradigms of modern environmentalism have largely embraced this ideology, though they do not necessarily trace their origin to IEP. This essay also analyzes Muslim environmental activism today by focusing on how its proponents are inspired by modern environmentalism while grounding their activism in IEP. Despite substantial variance and occasional tension, the author argues that both modern environmentalism and IEP can form an ontological alliance, an alliance that is of paramount importance to addressing environmental problems that transcend physical and cultural borders.
Studies on Bio-adhesion of Matrix Tablets: II.Comparison on Bio-adhesion Strength and Release Profiles of Theophylline Anhydrous and Its Sodium Glycinate Salt
Authors: Islam Md Saiful , Rahman Khan Md Ziaur , Khatun Masuda , Chowdhury Jakir Ahmed , Reza Md Selim
Published: March 2012

Controlled release matrix tablets of Theophylline anhydrous and Theophylline sodium glycinate were prepared with different types of bio-adhesive polymers e.g. HPMC 15 & 50 cps, Gelatin, PVP K-30, Na-CMC and Xanthan gum. Tablets, prepared by direct compression method were subjected to in-vitro drug dissolution for 8 hours in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (pH 1.2) using a thermal shaker at 50 rpm at 37 ± 0.5ºC. The bio-adhesive property was investigated in terms of retention time following in-vitro wash-off method by Lehr et al. The anhydrous and corresponding salt form was used to investigate whether physical variation of Theophylline molecule can cause any change in release and bio-adhesion property or not. In most of the cases it is found that salt form releases greater percentage of active drug than its corresponding anhydrous form. Irrespective of drug’s physical property and amount of polymer, bio-adhesive strength of Xanthan gum was proved to be maximum followed by HPMC- 50 cps, Na-CMC and HPMC- 15 cps, whereas gelatin and PVP K-30 showed little or poor muco-adhesion. Xanthan gum, Na-CMC and HPMC based formulations showed nearly zero-order release; on the contrary PVP K-30 based formulation showed a burst release within one hour of dissolution.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i1.10008DUJPS 2011; 10(1): 1-7
Alkaloid and Steroid from the Stem Bark of Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Gupta Dipankar Das , Haque Md Enamul , Islam Md Nahidul , Rahman Shafiqur , Hasan AKM Mahbub , Shibib Baigid Alam
Published: March 2012

The plant Jatropha curcas grows well in different parts of Bangladesh and used in many medicinal purposes locally. The alkaloid atherospermidine and a steroid stigmasterol were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark of J. curcas by a combination of column and preparative thin-layer chromatography over silica gel. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR) and by comparison with published data. This is the first report of isolation of the alkaloid atherospermidine from this plant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i1.10009 DUJPS 2011; 10(1): 9-11
Preparation and Characterization of Lidocaine Double Layer Buccal Tablet Using Mucoadhesive Carbopol® Polymers
Authors: Sharmin Nahid , Elias-Al-Mamun Md , Islam Md Saiful , Jalil Reza-ul
Published: March 2012

The present study was intended to develop a new oral mucosal dosage form with a view of solving problems of the topical administration of Lidocaine, a local anesthetic drug, in the oral cavity. The drug was formulated as sustained release mucoadhesive bilayered tablets using mucoadhesive polymers. The first layer, consisting of a drug impermeable backing, was prepared by compression of Kollidon SR, Mg-stearate, Aerosil and talc blend in a hydrolic press at 5 ton pressure for 5 seconds. The second layer, responsible for buccal drug delivery and tablet retention on the mucosa was obtained by compression of a mixture of drug, mucoadhesive polymer and cellulose derivative for 1 min at 5 ton pressure. The tablets were evaluated in terms of swelling and water uptake and in vivo mucoadhesive performance was performed with nonmedicated tablets. In vitro drug release studies were also carried out containing fixed amount of Lidocaine (50mg), different concentrations of mucoadhesive polymer (Carbopol 934P) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). Drug release was only 30.9% in 6 hours when Carbopol 934P was used alone and at a higher concentration (240mg). Release was faster when lower concentration of polymer was used. When used in combination with HPMC, drug release was slower. In vivo mucoadhesive performance with nonmedicated tablets showed very good adherence to buccal mucosa for 6 hours and no signs of irritation was reported. Moreover, it adheres well to the gum, is not washed away by salivary fluid and is simple to apply, which indicates a better patient compliance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i1.10012 DUJPS 2011; 10(1): 29-34
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Hydrochlorothiazide and Losartan Potassium in Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Hossen Md Arif , Haque Md Ahsanul , Dewan Irin , Kabir ANM Hamidul , Hossain Md Khalid , Islam SM Ashraful
Published: March 2012

In the present study, a simple, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the quantification of hydrochlorothiazide and losartan potassium in tablet dosage form. A shim-pack CLC-ODS column (250 mm X 4.6 mm, 5μ and a mobile phase constituting 0.025 M phosphoric acid solution: acetonitrile (60:40 v/v, pH 3.0 adjusted with 80% phosphoric acid) were used. The flow rate was 1.5 ml/min and detection was carried by using ultraviolet (UV) detector at a wavelength of 254 nm. The retention times of hydrochlorothiazide and losartan potassium were 3.748 min and 8.790 min, respectively. The peaks of hydrochlorothiazide and losartan potassium were well separated (resolution 22.17). The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 80% to 120% (R2 > 0.999 for both the drugs). The proposed method is accurate with 100.165% recovery for hydrochlorothiazide and 100.422% recovery for losartan potassium and precise (% RSD < 0.5). The proposed method was successfully applied for the estimation of hydrochlorothiazide and losartan potassium in market products (three brands) and potency was found within limit. Therefore, this method can be a convenient and efficient option for the analysis of hydrochlorothiazide and losartan potassium in tablet dosage form. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i1.10013 DUJPS 2011; 10(1): 35-42
Chemical and Biological Investigations of Justicia gendarussa (Burm. f)
Authors: Uddin Md Rakib , Sinha Suchana , Hossain Md Aslam , Kaisar Md Abul , Hossain Md Khalid , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: March 2012

In this study, three compounds, stigmasterol (1), lupeol (2), 16-hydroxylupeol (3) were isolated from the petroleum ether soluble fraction of a methanol extract of whole plant of Justica gendarussa (Burm. f). The crude methanol extract as well as its petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride and chloroform soluble Kupchan fractions were studied for antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Among the different fractions tested for antioxidant activity, the chloroform soluble partitionate was the most potent with IC50 value of 18.80 μg/ml as compared to tertbutyl- 1-hydroxytoluene (IC50=17.69 μg/ml). Antimicrobial screening of the different extractives was conducted by the disc diffusion method and all the fractions except chloroform soluble partitionate exhibited mild antimicrobial activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 7-10 mm. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the petroleum ether soluble materials demonstrated the highest toxicity with LC50 of 1.27μg /ml. This is the first report of isolation of compounds from J. gendarussa, and its antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i1.10016 DUJPS 2011; 10(1): 53-57
Serum MDA and Vitamin C level in Conversion Disorder Patients
Authors: Karim Rubaba , Nahar Zabun , Islam Mohammad Safiqul , Ahmed Maizbha Uddin , Mustafa AGM , Shohag Md Hasanuzzaman , Maruf Abdullah Al , Hasnat Abul
Published: March 2012

In the present study serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Vitamin C profiles of conversion disorder patients were compared with control and evaluated the correlation between MDA and vitamin C level was evaluated with their socioeconomic factors. Conversion disorder patients (n=45), age ranging from 17 to 41 years, were randomly recruited from the Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh for this study. Control group also included 45 healthy individuals matched by the socio-demographic status to that of the patients. Blood samples were analyzed for determining MDA and vitamin C using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy. Serum concentrations of MDA and vitamin C of conversion disorder patients were 2.19 ± 1.47 and 19.23 ± 5.59 μmol/L respectively while these were 2.11 ± 0.88 and 21.00 ±4.96 μmol/L in control subjects respectively. Socioeconomic data revealed that most of the patients were young female and unmarried. The mean BMI of patients (21.05 ± 3.39) were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the control subjects (20.86 ± 1.86). Moreover, statistical analysis revealed that there were no significant correlation between MDA, vitamin C concentrations and socioeconomic factors. The results of our study have shown higher oxygen free radical production, evidenced by increased levels of MDA and decreased levels of ascorbic acid which supports the oxidative stress in conversion disorder patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i1.10017 DUJPS 2011; 10(1): 59-64
Gamma Radiation Induced Oxidation and Tocopherols Decrease in In-Shell, Peeled and Blanched Peanuts
Authors: De Camargo Adriano Costa , Vieira Thais Maria Ferreira de Souza , Regitano-D’Arce Marisa Aparecida Bismara , De Alencar Severino Matias , Calori-Domingues Maria Antonia , Canniatti-Brazaca Solange Guidolin
Published: March 2012

In-shell, peeled and blanched peanut samples were characterized in relation to proximate composition and fatty acid profile. No difference was found in relation to its proximate composition. The three major fatty acids were palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. In order to investigate irradiation and storage effects, peanut samples were submitted to doses of 0.0, 5.0, 7.5 or 10.0 kGy, stored for six months at room temperature and monitored every three months. Peanuts responded differently to irradiation, particularly with regards to tocopherol contents, primary and secondary oxidation products and oil stability index. Induction periods and tocopherol contents were negatively correlated with irradiation doses and decreased moderately during storage. α-Tocopherol was the most gamma radiation sensitive and peeled samples were the most affected. A positive correlation was found among tocopherol contents and the induction period of the oils extracted from irradiated samples. Gamma radiation and storage time increased oxidation compounds production. If gamma radiation is considered an alternative for industrial scale peanut conservation, in-shell samples are the best feedstock. For the best of our knowledge this is the first article with such results; this way it may be helpful as basis for future studies on gamma radiation of in-shell crops.
Astragalin from Cassia alata Induces DNA Adducts in Vitro and Repairable DNA Damage in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Saito Samuel , Silva Givaldo , Santos Regineide Xavier , Gosmann Grace , Pungartnik Cristina , Brendel Martin
Published: March 2012

Reverse phase-solid phase extraction from Cassia alata leaves (CaRP) was used to obtain a refined extract. Higher than wild-type sensitivity to CaRP was exhibited by 16 haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants with defects in DNA repair and membrane transport. CaRP had a strong DPPH free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 2.27 µg mL−1 and showed no pro-oxidant activity in yeast. CaRP compounds were separated by HPLC and the three major components were shown to bind to DNA in vitro. The major HPLC peak was identified as kampferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (astragalin), which showed high affinity to DNA as seen by HPLC-UV measurement after using centrifugal ultrafiltration of astragalin-DNA mixtures. Astragalin-DNA interaction was further studied by spectroscopic methods and its interaction with DNA was evaluated using solid-state FTIR. These and computational (in silico) docking studies revealed that astragalin-DNA binding occurs through interaction with G-C base pairs, possibly by intercalation stabilized by H-bond formation.
Pro-Inflammatory S100A8 and S100A9 Proteins: Self-Assembly into Multifunctional Native and Amyloid Complexes
Authors: Vogl Thomas , Gharibyan Anna L. , Morozova-Roche Ludmilla A.
Published: March 2012

S100A8 and S100A9 are EF-hand Ca2+ binding proteins belonging to the S100 family. They are abundant in cytosol of phagocytes and play critical roles in numerous cellular processes such as motility and danger signaling by interacting and modulating the activity of target proteins. S100A8 and S100A9 expression levels increased in many types of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and they are implicated in the numerous disease pathologies. The Ca2+ and Zn2+-binding properties of S100A8/A9 have a pivotal influence on their conformation and oligomerization state, including self-assembly into homo- and heterodimers, tetramers and larger oligomers. Here we review how the unique chemical and conformational properties of individual proteins and their structural plasticity at the quaternary level account for S100A8/A9 functional diversity. Additional functional diversification occurs via non-covalent assembly into oligomeric and fibrillar amyloid complexes discovered in the aging prostate and reproduced in vitro. This process is also regulated by Ca2+and Zn2+-binding and effectively competes with the formation of the native complexes. High intrinsic amyloid-forming capacity of S100A8/A9 proteins may lead to their amyloid depositions in numerous ailments characterized by their elevated expression patterns and have additional pathological significance requiring further thorough investigation.
Synthesis, Spectral and Solid State Characterization of a New Bioactive Hydrazine Bridged Cyclic Diphosphonium Compound
Authors: Milenković Milica , Warżajtis Beata , Rychlewska Urszula , Radanović Dušanka , Anđelković Katarina , Božić Tatjana , Vujčić Miroslava , Sladić Dušan
Published: March 2012

The facile preparation of a racemic hydrazine bridged diphosphonium compound possessing a ring system analogous to bicyclo[3.3.2]decane is reported. Although the reaction yield is low, the structure of the compound, which possesses an eight-membered ring, two phosphonium cationic centers, a biimino bridge, molecular chirality and two fused aromatic rings locked into roughly perpendicular planes is unusual. The compound displays substantial biological activity in the brine shrimp test and cleaves plasmid DNA.
Logiques et représentations de la reconnaissance dans les organisations
Authors: Malherbe Denis , Saulquin Jean-Yves
Published: March 2012

Résumé Dans une première partie, cet article présente la reconnaissance comme une opportunité managériale pour réconcilier les finalités économiques et sociales de l’organisation. Toutefois, les managers peuvent difficilement espérer satisfaire les ambitions économiques et sociales de l’entreprise tant qu’il y a mal-être au travail par déficit de reconnaissance réciproque entre les salariés et eux-mêmes. Dans une seconde partie, les auteurs dénoncent les limites politiques et cognitives du concept de reconnaissance tel qu’il est couramment envisagé dans une perspective psychosociologique. Les différents partenaires ne donnent pas le même sens à ce mot, et ces écarts de représentations alimentent alors autant qu’ils expriment le jeu de logiques divergentes propres aux différents acteurs, comme le suggèrent notamment les apports de la sociologie des organisations et ceux de la théorie socio-économique des conventions.
Le management du risque carbone
Authors: Pratlong Florent
Published: March 2012

Résumé Cet article a pour objet de comprendre la gestion du risque carbone associée à l’émergence des contraintes environnementales dans le cadre des programmes de lutte contre le changement climatique. Le développement des contraintes environnementales incite les entreprises à évaluer leurs performances environnementales associées à leur activité productive. Par ailleurs, ces méthodes de comptabilisation permettent aux entreprises de communiquer leurs préférences écologiques et de prendre en compte les différentes options de réduction de leur risque carbone. Les marchés de permis d’émission négociables apparaissent aussi comme un moyen de réduire à moindre coût les émissions carbones en mutualisant le risque sur un marché. De tels systèmes sont basés sur des échanges de crédits entre les entreprises, comme l’atteste aujourd’hui le marché européen du carbone.
La libéralisation commerciale en concurrence imparfaite
Authors: Paulin Elisa
Published: March 2012

Résumé La plupart des pays en développement et en transition se sont convertis dans un modèle libéral de politique économique préconisé par les institutions de Bretton Woods. Ce modèle qualifié de « consensus de Washington » fixe parmi ses priorités la libéralisation du commerce extérieur et la poursuite d’une croissance par l’exportation. Ce consensus est remis en question par Joseph Stiglitz, prix Nobel d’économie en 2001. Il démontre que ce consensus utilise un nombre trop restreint d’outils avec un objectif trop limité la croissance. Il propose d’élargir les instruments utilisés et les objectifs. Une analyse des théories de l’échange international est proposée. Enfin, le succès d’une politique libérale dépend de sa crédibilité. Elle doit effectivement être crédible pour atteindre ses objectifs.
Rôle intelligence économique et performance boursière des entreprises : le cas de l'évaluation de la démarche de lobbying des entreprises françaises et anglaises par la méthode des études d'évènement
Authors: Rival Madina
Published: March 2012

Résumé On peut définir l’intelligence économique comme l’ensemble des opérations de surveillance de l’environnement concurrentiel comprenant : veille, protection, manipulation de l’information, influence. Le lobbying permet à de nombreuses entreprises d’influencer des décisions politiques les concernant. Les stratégies de lobbying font désormais partie de toute bonne démarche d’intelligence économique. Elles demeurent pourtant très risquées d’un point de vue financier et difficiles à évaluer. L’objet de cet article est de mesurer la performance boursière des actions de lobbying des entreprises. Il s’agit d’une démarche nouvelle en matière d’intelligence économique. Nous procèderons pour cela à une étude d’événement sur un échantillon d‘entreprises françaises et anglaises. La progression de l’article est conçue en deux temps. Une première partie présente la revue de la littérature sur la méthode des études d’événement et sur son application possible à l’intelligence économique. Une deuxième partie présente la mise en œuvre concrète de cette méthode pour mesurer la performance du lobbying, dernière étape de la démarche d’intelligence économique au sein d’une entreprise.
L'accompagnement marketing des jeunes entreprises de haute technologie : quelle réalité pour quelles perspectives?
Authors: Petzold-Dumeynieux Stéphanie
Published: March 2012

Résumé Le taux de réussite des entreprises de haute technologie est supérieur à la moyenne des créations d’entreprises. Toutefois, une des raisons majeures de leur échec reste la dimension marketing et commerciale. Dans ce contexte, la prise en compte de cette dimension dans la mise en œuvre de l’accompagnement de telles structures se pose et ce, d’autant plus que le marketing des jeunes entreprises de haute technologie est atypique. L’auteur s’interroge sur la place du marketing dans l’accompagnement des jeunes entreprises de haute technologie et tente de dégager les problématiques majeures de l’accompagnement marketing de ces entreprises spécifiques grâce à l’étude d’un cas de jeune entreprise de haute technologie.
Management of Postoperative Ileus
Authors: Thompson Melissa , Magnuson Barbara
Published: March 2012

Postoperative ileus, a temporary cessation in bowel motility, is a common and significant complication of major surgery. Consequences of postoperative ileus include increased patient discomfort, delayed time to adequate nutrition, prolonged length of stay, and increased cost to the patient and healthcare system. The traditional, multi-modal approach to the resolution of postoperative ileus includes opioid minimization, early ambulation, and early feeding. Newer medications, such as methlynaltrexone and alvimopan (which are peripherally acting mu opioid receptor antagonists), have become available and have proven beneficial for use with postoperative ileus.
Pearls and Pitfalls of Single-bundle Transtibial Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Durbin Thomas C. , Johnson Darren L.
Published: March 2012

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries are rare, but they often require reconstruction, especially in the setting of combined ligamentous knee injury. Single-bundle transtibial PCL reconstruction is 1 technique for restoring this important ligament. However, this procedure is technically demanding, and complications can occur if poor techniques are used. This article analyzes the potential pitfalls of this procedure and presents the pearls that may ease the technical demands and reduce the risk of avoidable complications.
Prospective Outcomes of Arthroscopic Treatment of Dorsal Wrist Ganglia
Authors: Aslani Hamidreza , Najafi Arvin , Zaaferani Zohre
Published: March 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess the results of arthroscopic resection of dorsal wrist ganglia. Between November 2002 and September 2007, all patients with dorsal wrist ganglia underwent arthroscopic resection in our institution. Average follow-up was 39.2 months (range, 24–71 months). Fifty-two patients (40 women and 12 men; mean age, 29.8 years) were treated with our operative technique. Symptoms at presentation were unpleasant appearance in 15 patients (28.8 %), pain in 30 (57.6%), and unpleasant appearance and pain in 7 (13.5%). The ganglion cyst site was in front of the midcarpal joint in 41 patients (78.8%), in front of the radiocarpal joint in 6 patients (11.5%), and in front of the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints in 5 patients (9.6%). Our surgical technique resulted in a significant improvement in flexion, extension, and grip strength (
P
⩽.005). In patients with painful ganglia, treatment also had a significant effect. Nine (17.3%) recurrences were observed. Mean time off work was 14 days, but 19 patients returned to work immediately. According to the results of this study, we recommend the use of arthroscopy as the primary treatment method for dorsal wrist ganglion excision.
In Vivo Testing of Knee Stability After Rotating-hinge Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Comparison of 2 Knee Systems
Authors: Friesenbichler Joerg , Glehr Mathias , Sadoghi Patrick , Maurer-Ertl Werner , Ott Florian , Leithner Andreas
Published: March 2012

Rotating-hinge knee prostheses are used for reconstruction in cases of severe articular compromise and major bone loss. Biomechanical studies revealed that rotating-hinge designs with long and cylindrical pegs are more stable than devices with short and more tapered ones. Twenty-five patients underwent clinical examination using ultrasound, radiographs, and 3 different rating systems to examine the in vivo stability and functional outcome of 2 rotating-hinge knee systems.

Overall, the study revealed that a stable reconstruction could be achieved with both tested devices, with good functional outcome. The results for medial and lateral lift-off during flexion and extension in ultrasonography were comparable, whereas the measured distraction of the Limb Preservation System (LPS/M.B.T.; DePuy, Warsaw, Indiana) was lower compared with the S-ROM Noiles prostheses (DePuy).

The implant, the new formed capsule, and the remaining soft tissues have to maintain joint stability. Soft tissue reconstruction, especially the medial gastrocnemius flap, and the newly formed periprosthetic scar seems to prevent distraction of several millimeters. In addition, determining the lift-off with ultrasonography showed that the shape of the peg does not influence implant’s stability against lateral directed forces.