bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbleed Burden and Hematoma Expansion in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Martí-Fàbregas Joan , Delgado-Mederos Raquel , Granell Esther , Morenas Rodríguez Estrella , Marín Lahoz Juan , Dinia Lavinia , Carrera David , Pérez de la Ossa Natalia , Sanahuja Jordi , Sobrino Tomás , De Arce Ana María , Alonso de Leciñana María ,   on behalf of the RENEVAS group (Stroke Research Network, RETICS, Instituto de Salud Carlos III)
Published: August 2013

Background: Intracranial amyloid and hypertensive angiopathy have been related to impaired blood vessel function and the etiology of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Microbleeds (MBs) are surrogate radiological markers that are associated with these underlying angiopathies. We assessed the hypothesis that MBs are associated with hematoma expansion (HE) in patients with hyperacute ICH. Methods: We studied patients with spontaneous supratentorial ICH within the first 6 h after onset. HE was defined as an increase ≥33% in the volume of hematoma on the follow-up CT in comparison with the admission CT. The volume was calculated using the ABC/2 formula. MBs were detected by specific magnetic resonance sequences (gradient-echo). The presence, number and distribution of MBs were analyzed. Results: Our study included 44 patients. Their mean age was 68.9 ± 11.1 years, and 70.5% of them were men. HE was observed in 14 of the patients (31.8%). HE was more prevalent in patients with more than 10 MBs compared with patients with 1-10 MBs (60 vs 12.5%; p = 0.03). Conclusion: A high burden of MBs is associated with an increased risk of HE in patients with ICH. This is probably a marker of a more severe underlying angiopathy.
Endovascular Treatment of Distal Internal Carotid Artery Occlusions with Retrievable Stents
Authors: Matias-Guiu Jordi A. , Gil Alberto , Serna-Candel Carmen , Simal Patricia , García-García Ana M. , Egido José A. , Matías-Guiu Jorge , López-Ibor Luis
Published: August 2013

Background: Acute stroke due to distal intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion has a poor natural history. Outcome in patients who receive intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is also unsatisfactory. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endovascular treatment with retrievable stents in these patients. Methods: Data from a prospective register of patients with acute stroke treated with an endovascular procedure in a single centre were analysed. Results: A total of 20 patients with distal ICA occlusion were collected. Mean baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 18. Eight cases (40%) had received previous intravenous tPA. Mean time from stroke to recanalization was 393 min. Retrievable stents with proximal occlusion and aspiration were used in all cases. In 3 patients, 2 retrievable stents were used simultaneously. Complete recanalization (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2b/3) was accomplished in 85% of cases. A favourable clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2) was achieved in 13 patients (65%). Mortality occurred in 2 cases (10%). Conclusions: Endovascular treatment of patients with distal ICA occlusion seems safe and effective. Retrievable stents may be the treatment of choice, although randomized clinical trials are necessary. The use of 2 retrievable stents at the same time could be an alternative technique useful in thrombi of larger size.
In vivo Porcine Model for Practicing Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery
Authors: Tunc Lutfi , Resorlu Berkan , Unsal Ali , Oguz Ural , Diri Akif , Gozen Ali Serdar , Bedir Selahattin , Ozgok Yasar
Published: August 2013

Objectives: To examine the feasibility of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in a porcine model. Materials and Methods: Female pigs (n = 3) were placed in a dorsal lithotomy position under general anesthesia, and stone material was inserted into the renal pelvis of the pigs. The bladder was entered with a cystoscope, and a 0.038-inch hydrophilic guidewire was passed into the renal pelvis. Following successful placement of the guidewire, a ureteral access sheath (9.5/11.5 Fr) was placed to allow for optimal visualization. A 7.5-Fr flexible ureteroscope (Karl Storz Flex-X2) and a 200-μm laser fiber were used for lithotripsy. When basketing was deemed necessary, zero-tipped nitinol stone baskets were used. Trainees then practiced all these manipulations on the model. Results: Urologists with moderate experience in advanced endourologic surgery were trained using this model. However, there were some surgical difficulties due to the urinary system anatomy of the pig. Intravaginal location of the urethra, bladder neck location of the ureters, tight ureteric orifices, tortuous ureters, longitudinally elongated renal pelvis, narrow infundibulopelvic angle and shallow calices made the passage of the instruments and maneuverability of the flexible ureteroscope more difficult than in a human model. Conclusions: Despite some difficulties, our porcine model was very effective, because all the trainees successfully practiced the RIRS manipulations on this model.
S100A12 Gene Expression Is Increased in Peripheral Leukocytes in Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 4-5 Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Hara Masaki , Ando Minoru , Morito Taku , Nokiba Hirohiko , Iwasa Yuko , Tsuchiya Ken , Nitta Kosaku
Published: August 2013

Background/Aims: S100A12 induces vascular inflammation contributing to the development of atherosclerosis. Serum S100A12 concentration is shown to be elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), however the reason remains unclear. Methods: Transcriptional levels of S100A12 and RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) were measured in peripheral leukocytes by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Subjects were 40 patients with CKD stage 4-5, 20 of whom were affected with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and 20 healthy subjects. Serum concentrations of S100A12 and soluble RAGE were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The serum concentration of S100A12 was significantly higher in CKD patients than in healthy subjects (78.5 ± 70.5 vs. 23.7 ± 19.2 ng/ml, p = 0.0035), but that of soluble RAGE was not. The relative quantity of S100A12 mRNA was significantly greater in leukocytes from CKD patients than in those from healthy subjects [mean (95% confidence interval of the mean): 3.1 (2.2-3.9) vs. 1.2 (0.8-1.7), p = 0.0001], however that of RAGE mRNA was not. The serum concentration of S100A12 was significantly correlated with the relative quantity of S100A12 mRNA among uremic CKD patients (r2 = 0.656, p < 0.0001). Both the serum concentration and gene expression of S100A12 were significantly higher in patients who had CVD than in those who did not. Conclusion: Excessive expression of the S100A12 gene in uremic leukocytes is relevant to its increased serum concentration, particularly in those affected with CVD.
Peritonealkarzinose: Präoperative Diagnostik und Patientenselektion
Authors: Königsrainer Ingmar , Struller Florian , Horvath Philipp , Klumpp Bernhard , Königsrainer Alfred , Beckert Stefan
Published: August 2013

Hintergrund: Die zytoreduktive Chirurgie und die hypertherme intraperitoneale Chemotherapie spielen inzwischen eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle in der Therapie der Peritonealkarzinose bei zahlreichen Tumorentitäten. Methode: Die wichtigsten Selektionskriterien werden erläutert. Ergebnisse: Neben dem Alter und Allgemeinzustand sowie der Auswahl geeigneter Tumorentitäten spielt die Tumorlast, die möglichst exakt bereits vor der Operation abgeschätzt werden sollte, eine entscheidende Rolle. Schlussfolgerung: Entscheidend ist eine Selektion geeigneter Patienten, um den onkologischen Benefit zu steigern und die Morbidität zu verringern.
Age- and Sex-Based Reference Limits and Clinical Correlates of Myocardial Strain and Synchrony
Authors: Cheng Susan , Larson Martin G. , McCabe Elizabeth L. , Osypiuk Ewa , Lehman Birgitta T. , Stanchev Plamen , Aragam Jayashri , Benjamin Emelia J. , Solomon Scott D. , Vasan Ramachandran S.
Published: August 2013

Background—

There is rapidly growing interest in applying measures of myocardial strain and synchrony in clinical investigations and in practice; data are limited regarding their reference ranges in healthy individuals.

Methods and Results—

We performed speckle-tracking–based echocardiographic measures of left ventricular myocardial strain and synchrony in healthy adults (n=739, mean age 63 years, 64% women) without cardiovascular disease. Reference values were estimated using quantile regression. Age- and sex-based upper (97.5th quantile) limits were: −14.4% to −17.1% (women) and −14.4 to −15.2% (men) for longitudinal strain; −22.3% to −24.7% (women) and −17.9% to −23.7% (men) for circumferential strain; 121 to 165 ms (women) and 143 to 230 ms (men) for longitudinal segmental synchrony (SD of regional time-to-peak strains); and 200 to 222 ms (women) and 216 to 303 ms (men) for transverse segmental synchrony. In multivariable analyses, women had ≈1.7% greater longitudinal strain, ≈2.2% greater transverse strain, and ≈3.2% greater circumferential strain (
P
<0.0001 for all) compared with men. Older age and higher diastolic blood pressure, even within the normal range, were associated with worse transverse segmental synchrony (
P
<0.001). Overall, covariates contributed to ≤12% of the variation in myocardial strain or synchrony in this healthy sample.

Conclusions—

We estimated age- and sex-specific reference limits for measures of left ventricular strain and synchrony in a healthy community-based sample, wherein clinical covariates contributed to only a modest proportion of the variation. These data may facilitate the interpretation of left ventricular strain-based measures obtained in future clinical research and practice.
Changes in Ambulance Calls After Implementation of a Smoke-Free Law and Its Extension to Casinos
Authors: Glantz Stanton A. , Gibbs Erin
Published: August 2013

Background—

Casinos are often exempted from legislation mandating smoke-free environments, potentially putting employees and patrons at risk for adverse events triggered by secondhand smoke exposure.

Methods and Results—

We used an interrupted time series analysis of ambulance calls not originating and originating from casinos in Gilpin County, Colorado, a rural Colorado county with a large casino presence, from January 2000 through December 2012 to determine whether there was a change in ambulance calls originating from casinos when a state smoke-free law was extended to include them. Initial implementation of the smoke-free law (which exempted casinos) was followed by a significant 22.8% drop in ambulance calls (incidence rate ratio, 0.772; 95% confidence interval, 0.685–0.871;
P
<0.001) from locations other than casinos but no significant change in calls from casinos (
P
>0.9). The law requiring smoke-free casinos taking effect was followed by a 19.1% (incidence rate ratio, 0.809; 95% confidence interval, 0.724–0.905;
P
<0.001) drop in ambulance calls from casinos but no change in calls originating outside casinos (
P
>0.1).

Conclusions—

The observation that ambulance calls not coming from casinos dropped when the smoke-free law was initially implemented (excluding casinos) with no change in calls from casinos, followed by a comparable drop in calls originating from casinos (but not calls from elsewhere) when the law was extended to casinos, suggests that the important effects of secondhand smoke exposure occur acutely. These results also suggest that exempting casinos from smoke-free laws means that more people will suffer medical emergencies.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Vascular Smooth Muscle Regulates Blood Pressure Homeostasis Through a Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ–Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 Axis
Authors: Huang Yan , Di Lorenzo Annarita , Jiang Weidong , Cantalupo Anna , Sessa William C. , Giordano Frank J.
Published: August 2013

Hypertension is a major worldwide health issue for which only a small proportion of cases have a known mechanistic pathogenesis. Of the defined causes, none have been directly linked to heightened vasoconstrictor responsiveness, despite the fact that vasomotor tone in resistance vessels is a fundamental determinant of blood pressure. Here, we reported a previously undescribed role for smooth muscle hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in controlling blood pressure homeostasis. The lack of HIF-1α in smooth muscle caused hypertension in vivo and hyperresponsiveness of resistance vessels to angiotensin II stimulation ex vivo. These data correlated with an increased expression of angiotensin II receptor type I in the vasculature. Specifically, we show that HIF-1α, through peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ, reciprocally defined angiotensin II receptor type I levels in the vessel wall. Indeed, pharmacological blockade of angiotensin II receptor type I by telmisartan abolished the hypertensive phenotype in smooth muscle cell-HIF-1α-KO mice. These data revealed a determinant role of a smooth muscle HIF-1α/peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ/angiotensin II receptor type I axis in controlling vasomotor responsiveness and highlighted an important pathway, the alterations of which may be critical in a variety of hypertensive-based clinical settings.
New species of Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932 and new records of Allocladius Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) from South America
Authors: MAUAD MELINA , SIRI AUGUSTO , DONATO MARIANO
Published: August 2013

Three new species of Pseudosmittia Edwards from the Neotropical region, P. sætheri, P. larga and P. trapezoidea, are described and figured as males. Allocladius fortispinatus (Edwards), A. globosus Andersen et al. and A. quadrus Andersen et al. are redescribed on the basis of new material and their geographical distribution updated. A phylogenetic analysis was performed in order to assess the phylogenetic relationships of the new species. As a result, the species P. sætheri and P. larga are found to be sister species belonging to the angusta group. The species P. trapezoidea is the sister group of the clade ((P. propetropis (P. tropis – P. lamellata)) and belongs to the brevifurcata group sensu lato.
The Climate of the MIS-13 Interglacial according to HadCM3
Authors: Muri Helene , Berger André , Yin Qiuzhen , Karami Mehdi Pasha , Barriat Pierre-Yves
Published: August 2013

The climate of the Marine Isotopic Stage 13 (MIS-13) is explored in the fully coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model the Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3). It is found that the strong insolation forcing at the time imposed a strengthened land–ocean thermal contrast, resulting in an intensified summer monsoon over Asia. The addition of land ice over North America and Eurasia results in a stationary wave feature across the Eurasian continent. This leads to a high pressure anomaly over the Sea of Japan with increased advection of warm moist air onto the Chinese landmasses. This in turn reinforces the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), highlighting the counterintuitive notion that, depending on the background insolation and its size, ice can indeed contribute to strengthening the EASM. The modeling results support the geological record indication of a strong EASM 500 000 years ago. Furthermore, Arctic Oscillation, El Niño–Southern Oscillation, and Indian Ocean dipole–like teleconnection features are discussed in the MIS-13 environment. It is shown that the change in the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature has the potential to impact the North Atlantic climate through an atmospheric “bridge.”
Higher-Order Turbulence Closure and Its Impact on Climate Simulations in the Community Atmosphere Model
Authors: Bogenschutz Peter A. , Gettelman Andrew , Morrison Hugh , Larson Vincent E. , Craig Cheryl , Schanen David P.
Published: August 2013

This paper describes climate simulations of the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5), coupled with a higher-order turbulence closure known as Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals (CLUBB). CLUBB is a unified parameterization of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and shallow convection that is centered around a trivariate probability density function (PDF) and replaces the conventional PBL, shallow convection, and cloud macrophysics schemes in CAM5. CAM–CLUBB improves many aspects of the base state climate compared to CAM5. Chief among them is the transition of stratocumulus to trade wind cumulus regions in the subtropical oceans. In these regions, CAM–CLUBB provides a much more gradual transition that is in better agreement with observational analysis compared to CAM5, which is too abrupt. The improvement seen in CAM–CLUBB can be largely attributed to the gradual evolution of the simulated turbulence, which is in part a result of the unified nature of the parameterization, and to the general improved representation of shallow cumulus clouds compared to CAM5. In addition, there are large differences in the representation and structure of marine boundary layer clouds between CAM–CLUBB and CAM5. CAM–CLUBB is also shown to be more robust, in terms of boundary layer clouds, to changes in vertical resolution for global simulations in a preliminary test.
A Time-Series Method to Identify and Correct Range Sidelobes in Meteorological Radar Data
Authors: Westbrook C. D. , Nicol J. C.
Published: August 2013

The use of pulse compression techniques to improve the sensitivity of meteorological radars has become increasingly common in recent years. An unavoidable side effect of such techniques is the formation of “range sidelobes,” leading to the spreading of information across several range gates. These artifacts are particularly troublesome in regions where there is a sharp gradient in the power backscattered to the antenna as a function of range.

In this article a simple method for identifying and correcting range sidelobe artifacts is presented. The method makes use of the fact that meteorological targets produce an echo that fluctuates at random, and that this echo, like a fingerprint, is unique to each range gate. By cross correlating the echo time series from pairs of gates, therefore, information that has spread from one gate into another can be identified, and hence regions of contamination can be flagged. In addition it is shown that the correlation coefficients contain quantitative information about the fraction of power leaked from one range gate to another, and a simple algorithm to correct the corrupted reflectivity profile is proposed.
Development of a Nationwide, Low-Level Wind Shear Mosaic in France
Authors: Augros Clotilde , Tabary Pierre , Anquez Adrien , Moisselin Jean-Marc , Brovelli Pascal , Bousquet Olivier
Published: August 2013

An algorithm for the detection of horizontal wind shear at low levels was developed. The algorithm makes use of data collected by all radars from the Application Radar à la Météorologie Infra-Synoptique (ARAMIS) operational network, in order to build a complete mosaic of wind shear over metropolitan France. The product provides an estimation of the maximum horizontal wind shear detected in the low levels, between 0 and 2 km AGL. Examination of the wind shear mosaic for different cases shows that the product is able to retrieve small-scale wind shear signatures that can be linked to either convergence lines ahead of convective cells, which are indicative of gust fronts, or strong convergence areas inside intense cells. A statistical evaluation of the wind shear mosaic was performed, by comparing horizontal wind shear observed inside the area defined by convective objects with wind gusts recorded along their trajectory by weather stations. A link between those different observations was clearly established.

Therefore, the use of wind shear for wind gust prediction was tested in combination with other parameters: an estimation of the energetic potential of density currents, the cell surface with reflectivity over 51 dBZ, relative helicity, and cell propagation speed. Different wind gust warning rules were tested on 468 convection nowcasting objects (CONOs). The results clearly highlighted the benefits of using wind shear for wind gust estimation, and also demonstrated the improvement in forecasting skill when combining different parameters. The wind shear mosaic will be produced operationally before the end of 2013 and will be used to improve wind gust warnings provided to end users.
Broadening the Vision: A Case for Community-Based Psychoanalysis in the Context of Usual Practice
Authors: Twemlow Stuart W.
Published: August 2013

A case is made for community-based psychoanalysis as part of usual psychoanalytic practice. A safe community is first defined psychodynamically, after which three variations are presented on the community-based style and qualities and modes of practice compared with individual psychoanalytic therapy and psychoanalysis. Three community case studies, from Jamaica and the U.S., are then presented to illustrate and lend depth and aliveness to the theory. Finally, a plea is made for a community-based initiative in preventive physical and mental health care that uses schools as a basic site for addressing the causes and cure of socially and economically costly community problems, creating healthy individuals through each turn of the pre-K through twelfth grade school cycle.
Competition Among Self-Regulatory Institutions
Authors: Prado Andrea M.
Published: August 2013

This dissertation abstract and commentary present the work of Dr. Andrea Prado. The dissertation explores the dynamics and consequences of the competition among self-regulatory institutions within an industry and how firms choose among the multiple environmental and labor certifications available. The dissertation abstract explains the research questions, setting, and methods. The commentary discusses the author’s views on conducting research as a junior scholar.
Free vibration analysis of laminated beam by polynomial, trigonometric, exponential and zig-zag theories
Authors: Carrera Erasmo , Filippi Matteo , Zappino Enrico
Published: August 2013

A number of refined beam theories are discussed in this paper to trace the free vibration response of laminated beams, including thin-walled boxes. By expanding the unknown displacement variables over the beam section axes using Taylor type expansions, trigonometric series, exponential, hyperbolic and zig-zag functions, many new displacement fields were obtained and, for the first time, evaluated for the dynamic analyses of composite structures. The finite element method is used to derive governing equations in weak form. These equations are written using the unified formulation introduced by the first author, in terms of fundamental nuclei, whose forms do not depend on the expansions used. The natural frequencies are compared with results available in the literature or with those obtained by the finite element models related to commercial software. A number of analyses were conducted to compare various theories, including Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko models. The advantages/disadvantages of using the different theories are discussed for significant problems related to laminated beams as well as thin-walled boxes. It is shown that refined kinematic theories are able to yield a very accurate evaluation of fundamental as well as higher mode frequencies in a way comparable to three-dimensional analysis, but it is obtained with a strong reduction of computational costs.
Swelling behaviors and gel strength studies of wheat straw-composite superabsorbent
Authors: Wan Tao , Huang Runqiu , Xiong Lei , Zhao Qihua , Luo Lei , Zhang Haibo , Cai Guojun
Published: August 2013

A novel wheat straw-composite superabsorbent with high gel strength and high water absorbency was prepared by graft polymerization with acrylic acid, acrylamide and maleic anhydride-modified wheat straw, using N, N-methylene-bis-acrylamide as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite as redox initiators. Factors influencing water absorbency and gel strength of the superabsorbent composite, such as amount of maleic anhydride-modified wheat straw, crosslinker amount and initiator amount, were investigated. Morphologies and structure of the wheat straw-composite superabsorbent were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Composite superabsorbent with modified wheat straw as high as 25 wt% still has water absorbency of 435 g/g. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra indicate the structure of wheat straw graft copolymer. Scanning electron microscope data show that the discontinuous sheet structures of wheat straw disappear and gel aggregates with many large microporous holes and small capillary pores are formed after wheat straw graft modification. The wheat straw-composite superabsorbent has better thermal stability than those of raw wheat straw and maleic anhydride-modified wheat straw.
Informal and involuntary mental patients in England and Wales: A comparison in the light of Rabone
Authors: Andoh Benjamin
Published: August 2013

Informal and involuntary (compulsorily detained) patients are the two broad categories of patients in psychiatric hospitals today. In Rabone v Pennine Care NHS Trust the Supreme Court made, among other things, a distinction between the two types of patients. This article contributes to the literature by adding to that distinction. It looks at the evolution of the term, ‘informal patient’, gives an account of Rabone case and then deals with the comparison between the two types of patients.
Female Inmates’ Procedural Justice Perceptions of the Police and Courts
Authors: Baker Thomas , Pelfrey William V. , Bedard Laura E. , Dhungana Karla , Gertz Marc , Golden Kristin
Published: August 2013

Serious offenders, especially incarcerated individuals, are rarely asked to judge the procedural justice of the police and courts. While serious offenders are rarely studied, even more uncommon are assessments of serious female offenders. In addition, despite a fair amount of research on perceptions of the procedural justice of the police and courts, little research has examined the spill-over of police effects onto the perceptions of the courts. This paper aims to bridge these gaps, by examining a sample of female inmates’ perceptions of the police and courts, and the spill-over of perceptions of the police onto perceptions of the courts. Results indicate that female offenders’ procedural justice perceptions are significantly influenced by their perceived honesty of police officers and the judge, and their perceived opportunity to have their voice heard in police and court encounters. There also appears to be a significant spill-over of police effects onto perceptions about the courts.
Addressing the Needs of the Gifted in Singapore
Authors: Neihart Maureen , Teo Chua Tee
Published: August 2013

The tiny, multicultural nation of Singapore has a long history of provisions for gifted students. Beliefs about ability and talent development are strongly influenced by traditional Confucian perspectives that view environmental factors as dominant in the development of talent. Early identification is not stressed and working hard is emphasized at home and school. Like many other countries, Singapore has been broadening its conceptions of giftedness and diversifying its talent development efforts in recent years. The government has recently announced its vision to achieve global recognition and leadership for outstanding accomplishment in the arts and sports and continues its unwavering pursuit of global leadership in science and technology. Here we describe the various ways this broadening and diversification is reflected in programming, instruction, and research in gifted education.
The quality of self, social, and directive memories
Authors: Alea Nicole , Arneaud Mary Jane , Ali Sideeka
Published: August 2013

The quality of functional autobiographical memories was examined in young, middle-aged, and older adult Trinidadians ( N = 245). Participants wrote about an event that served a self, social, and directive function, and reported on the memory’s quality (e.g., significance, vividness, valence, etc.). Across age groups, directive memories were the most negative, and social function memories were the most positive. Social function memories were also talked about most. Compared to younger adults, older adults’ functional memories, regardless of the type of function, were positive and talked about often, and middle-aged adults’ memories were significant and vivid. The discussion encourages researchers to continue to simultaneously consider both why humans remember so much of their life, and what they remember when doing so.
Negotiating as Institutional Work: The Case of Labour Standards and International Framework Agreements
Authors: Helfen Markus , Sydow Jörg
Published: August 2013

Although institutional work has recently attracted considerable attention from organization research, there is a surprising neglect of inter-organizational negotiations as a form of institutional work. This neglect is astonishing, since negotiations provide a unique opportunity both to study institutional change in settings characterized by diverging institutional logics and to illustrate how institutional constraints and strategic agency are linked in interaction processes. Based on a combination of the literature on institutional work and the theory of strategic negotiations, we examine in detail three illuminating negotiation processes taking place around International Framework Agreements on global labour standards. This examination reveals three types of (proto-)institutional outcomes produced by these processes: institutional creation, modification and stagnation. Whereas institutional creation and modification, albeit differing in quality, show how integrative negotiation practices of global unions might engage management in a joint endeavor for institutional change, institutional stagnation illuminates some of the pitfalls of negotiation work.
Designing a market-like entity: Economics in the politics of market formation
Authors: Breslau Daniel
Published: August 2013

Recent work on the relationship of economics to economic institutions has argued that economics is constitutive of economic institutions, and of markets in particular. In opposition to economic sociology, which has treated economics as a competing disciplinary frame or an ideology, the ‘performativity’ literature takes economics seriously as a set of market-building practices. This article demonstrates the compatibility of these perspectives by analyzing the role of economics in the politics of market formation. It presents a case study of the formation of a new institution: capacity markets connected to wholesale electricity markets in the United States. The case demonstrates how economic framing shapes the politics of markets by imposing a specific set of terms for the legitimate conduct of the struggle over market rules.
Evaluation and application of Bayesian multi-model estimation in temperature simulations
Authors: Miao Chiyuan , Duan Qingyun , Sun Qiaohong , Li Jianduo
Published: August 2013

Use of multi-model ensembles from global climate models to simulate the current and future climate change has flourished as a research topic during recent decades. This paper assesses the performance of multi-model ensembles in simulating global land temperature from 1960 to 1999, using Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency and Taylor diagrams. The future trends of temperature for different scales and emission scenarios are projected based on the posterior model probabilities estimated by Bayesian methods. The results show that ensemble prediction can improve the accuracy of simulations of the spatiotemporal distribution of global temperature. The performance of Bayesian model averaging (BMA) at simulating the annual temperature dynamic is significantly better than single climate models and their simple model averaging (SMA). However, BMA simulation can demonstrate the temperature trend on the decadal scale, but its annual assessment of accuracy is relatively weak. The ensemble prediction presents dissimilarly accurate descriptions in different regions, and the best performance appears in Australia. The results also indicate that future temperatures in northern Asia rise with the greatest speed in some scenarios, and Australia is the most sensitive region for the effects of greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to the uncertainty of ensemble prediction, the impacts of climate change on agriculture production and water resources are discussed as an extension of this research.
A novel ATP1A2 gene mutation in familial hemiplegic migraine and epilepsy
Authors: Costa Cinzia , Prontera Paolo , Sarchielli Paola , Tonelli Alessandra , Bassi Maria Teresa , Cupini Letizia Maria , Caproni Stefano , Siliquini Sabrina , Donti Emilio , Calabresi Paolo
Published: August 2013

Background

Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a rare autosomal dominant migraine subtype, characterized by fully reversible motor weakness as a specific symptom of aura. Mutations in the ion transportation coding genes CACNA1A, ATP1A2 and SCN1A are responsible for the FHM phenotype. Moreover, some mutations in ATP1A2 or SCN1A also may lead to epilepsy.

Case

Here we report on a three-generation family with five patients having a novel ATP1A2 mutation on exon 19, causing guanine-to-adenine substitution (c.2620G>A, p.Gly874Ser) that co-segregated in the five living relatives with migraine, four of whom had hemiplegic migraine. Moreover, three patients presented with epilepsy, one of whom had generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+).

Conclusions

The present study provides further evidence on the involvement of ATP1A2 mutations in both migraine and epilepsy, underlying the relevance of genetic analysis in families with a comorbidity of both disorders.
The Geriatrician and Geriatric Psychiatrist Workforce in Texas
Authors: Sumaya Ciro V. , Opara Chidiebere M. , Espino David V.
Published: August 2013

Objectives: This study provides a current analysis of the size and characteristics of the board-certified geriatrician and geriatric psychiatrist workforce in Texas, and thereby its capacity to meet increasing health needs of elders. Method: Secondary data on Texas board-certified geriatricians and geriatric psychiatrists from American Board of Medical Specialties database were analyzed. Results: The study found 1 geriatrician per 5,132 elders, and 1 geriatric psychiatrist per 21,327 elders, in Texas. Over 62% of geriatricians had active certification, 30% were females and the average age was 55.2 years. Rural geriatricians were disproportionately scarce ( p < .001). Discussion: The study indicated a serious shortage of board-certified geriatricians and geriatric psychiatrists in Texas. This shortage is worse than that at the national level, and more marked along the Texas–Mexico border and counties lacking large health facilities. Addressing this workforce deficiency requires improvements in the geriatric training pipeline, reimbursements, and practice environments.
Predetermined participation
Authors: Iversen Clara
Published: August 2013

This article examines how ideals of children’s participation and model consistency compete in social workers’ accounts of intervention outcomes in 35 evaluation interviews in Sweden. Using discursive psychology, the analysis demonstrates how the social workers rely on category-based accounts: They describe willing children as competent, unwilling children as developing, and children attempting to rule in counselling as problematic. The interviews’ focus on following the intervention model constructs a limited, predetermined participation that only respects children’s wishes when they agree with the intervention. In showing this, the study contributes to further understanding of tensions between the principle and practice of participation.
Recurrent lower gastrointestinal bleeding due to primary colonic Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with AIDS
Authors: Ling Jie , Coron Roger , Basak Prasanta , Jesmajian Stephen
Published: August 2013

Epidemic Kaposi’s sarcoma remains the most common cancer in patients with human immunodeficiency virus and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients. Primary visceral Kaposi’s sarcoma (Kaposi’s sarcoma without cutaneous lesions) presenting with lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) has rarely been reported. Though Kaposi’s sarcoma can occur anywhere in gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal symptoms are often non-specific such as chronic blood loss anaemia, vomiting, diarrhoea, intestinal obstruction. In these patients, severe gastrointestinal bleeding requiring repeated blood transfusions is extremely rare. Clinicians should be aware of gastrointestinal tract Kaposi’s sarcoma since visceral Kaposi’s sarcoma can present in the absence of cutaneous involvement. Endoscopy with biopsy is useful in the diagnosis for severe LGIB in patients with AIDS. Furthermore, gastrointestinal Kaposi’s sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of GI bleeding. We report a case of primary colonic KS who presented with recurrent GI bleeding which was eventually diagnosed by sigmoidoscopy and confirmed pathologically.
Religious Beliefs as Reflective Elaborations on Intuitions: A Modified Dual-Process Model
Authors: Baumard Nicolas , Boyer Pascal
Published: August 2013

Religious beliefs apparently challenge our view of human cognition as an evolved system that provides reliable information about environments. We propose that properties of religious beliefs are best understood in terms of a dual-processing model, in which a variety of evolved domain-specific systems provide stable intuitions, whereas other systems produce explicit, often deliberate comments on those intuitions. This perspective accounts for the fact that religious beliefs are apparently diverse but thematically similar and that they are immune to refutation and more attractive to imaginative individuals.
The Common Currency of Psychological Distance
Authors: Maglio Sam J. , Trope Yaacov , Liberman Nira
Published: August 2013

People’s thoughts often go beyond what is right in front of them. In so doing, they mentally traverse psychological distance: They think about the past or the future, other places, other people, and wonder about the impossible. These four dimensions all tap into the same common construct of distancing from immediate experience. As a result, people associate each type of distance with the others and infer that anything far in one way will be far in all the other ways. Furthermore, distance causes further distance to shrink in the mind’s eye, even if in a different form than the first. We consider potential differences whereby certain distances might be understood in terms of other distances, and then we evaluate additional contenders that might qualify as distinct dimensions of distance in their own right. Throughout, we highlight implications of these principles for everyday judgment and decision making.
Myside Bias, Rational Thinking, and Intelligence
Authors: Stanovich Keith E. , West Richard F. , Toplak Maggie E.
Published: August 2013

Myside bias occurs when people evaluate evidence, generate evidence, and test hypotheses in a manner biased toward their own prior opinions and attitudes. Research across a wide variety of myside bias paradigms has revealed a somewhat surprising finding regarding individual differences. The magnitude of the myside bias shows very little relation to intelligence. Avoiding myside bias is thus one rational thinking skill that is not assessed by intelligence tests or even indirectly indexed through its correlation with cognitive ability measures.
Does Emotion Directly Tune the Scope of Attention?
Authors: Huntsinger Jeffrey R.
Published: August 2013

Considerable research supports a fixed link between affect and attentional scope, with positive affect producing a focus on the forest, so to speak, and negative affect producing a focus on the trees. New research, however, reveals greater flexibility in this link than is commonly assumed. Research consistent with the idea that affective feelings merely influence whether people act on briefly dominant tendencies to focus broadly or narrowly is presented. Implications of these new findings for research on affect and attention are discussed.
Social Projection as a Source of Cooperation
Authors: Krueger Joachim I.
Published: August 2013

Social dilemmas, such as the prisoner’s dilemma, are often seen as a conflict between rational self-interest and a moral concern for the collective. Contrary to empirical fact, classic game theory says that cooperative behavior cannot occur, and theories of moral sentiment fail to explain how cooperation comes about. Social projection theory offers a fresh look. Seeing decision making as a matter of general inductive reasoning, the theory explains why cooperative behavior occurs, correctly predicts that cooperation will vary with changes in the payoff structure, and shows how a group of self-interested individuals can obtain socially desirable outcomes. Within clearly specified boundary conditions, the theory suggests ways in which social outcomes can be improved beyond current levels.
When the Mind Races
Authors: Pronin Emily
Published: August 2013

Thought speed can be altered via controlled exposure to stimuli such as temporally paced text. Experiments show that thinking quickly induces positive mood and that the effect cannot be attributed to alterations of thought content or fluency. The effect is obtained across varied manipulations, including ones that alter the pace of thought involved in reading, problem solving, and visual comprehension. The experience of thinking fast signals a basic imperative for action and triggers a set of responses that mobilize the individual to act. These responses include not only heightened positive affect but also changes in behavior (i.e., increased risk taking), self-perception (i.e., increased self-confidence), and problem solving (i.e., increased creative insight). Implications of these thought-speed effects are discussed with respect to both everyday experiences that induce fast thinking and clinical psychiatric conditions (e.g., depression and mania) that are characterized by thought-speed abnormalities.
Rethinking Dispute Resolution in Public–Private Partnerships for Infrastructure Development in India
Authors: K.S. Harisankar , G. Sreeparvathy
Published: August 2013

Public–Private Partnership (PPP) has been a relatively successful model for infrastructure development in India. However, investment of private capital, especially foreign investment, is far from satisfactory keeping in mind the estimated investments of the Government under the XIth and XIIth plans. Several issues have been identified which include evolving a robust legislative framework and a well-balanced concession agreement. A major area of concern at the stage of contract management is the setting up of an efficient and credible dispute resolution mechanism which would ensure settlement of disputes in a time-bound manner. Apart from litigation, several alternative modes are being followed in India like amicable settlement, mediation, arbitration and expert adjudication. This article analyses the various practices of dispute resolution mandated in central and state legislations, policy documents and industry practices. In an attempt to suggest the most viable approach to dispute resolution in core infrastructure sectors, it will also establish the inter-relationship between private investment and dispute resolution mechanisms.
Critical Issues Related to Metro Rail Projects in India
Authors: Sharma Niraj , Dhyani Rajni , Gangopadhyay S.
Published: August 2013

Rail-based ‘Mass Rapid Transit System’ has been widely accepted as a solution for most of the traffic and environmental pollution related problems which major cities throughout the world are facing now. Metro rail construction activities are being undertaken in a big way in India, existing metro rail network of the city of Kolkata and Delhi are being expanded, while it is under various stages of construction in cities like Bengaluru, Chennai, Mumbai and Hyderabad. In the present article, important environmental and other critical issues have been discussed in the Indian context which are equally relevant in other developing counties.
A two-channel feedback active noise control system with delayless subband architecture to reduce compressor noise of an enclosed heating, ventilation and air conditioning unit
Authors: Kasbekar Prashanth , Wisler Alan , Panahi Issa MS
Published: August 2013

This paper discusses the development of an active noise control (ANC) system to cancel compressor noise produced by a commercially available heating, ventilation and air conditioning unit enclosed within a closet. Feedback ANC architecture that requires no reference microphone is used for cost-effectiveness. A novel delayless subband adaptive filtering technique is used to reduce computational complexity of the algorithm and improve system performance. Finally, the system is extended to two-channel architecture in order to provide an additional zone of silence. Using an experimental setup, the noise from the compressor at two error microphone positions is recorded and all necessary secondary path measurements are taken. Noise attenuation levels of 11 dB and 21 dB are obtained at the two error microphones, resulting in an average attenuation of 18 dB.
Men on the Move
Authors: Griffith Derek M. , Allen Julie Ober , Johnson-Lawrence Vicki , Langford Aisha
Published: August 2013

Despite the important contribution increasing physical activity levels may play in reducing chronic disease morbidity and mortality, there is a paucity of interventions and research indicating how to improve physical activity levels in African American men. Men on the Move was a pilot study to increase African American men’s levels of physical activity by improving access to age and ability-appropriate, male-focused physical activity opportunities and facilitating access to social support from male peers. Forty-one African American men ages 35 to 70 enrolled (mean age = 53.8). Groups of 5 to 10 men met once a week with a certified personal trainer for 10 weeks. Each meeting addressed barriers to physical activity, provided men with community resources, and incorporated activities that promoted flexibility, strength, balance, and conditioning. Improvements ( p < .05) were detected for the following outcome measures: perceived self-efficacy to sustain physical activity, endurance, overall health status, and stress level. Physiological and fitness outcome measures improved, although not to significant levels. Whereas 40% of the men met the recommendation of 150 minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity weekly at baseline, 68% of the men met this recommendation by the end of the project. These positive results attest to the feasibility of successfully engaging middle-aged and older African American men in a physical activity intervention, and our findings demonstrate the initial efficacy of this intervention approach. More research is needed that includes a more intensive intervention and one that helps motivate men to be physically active outside of the structured, small-group sessions.
Habeas corpus? Body or evidence?
Authors: Samuel Ana
Published: August 2013

This article analyses what, if any, right there is to possession of a body or part thereof, the legal liability for retention of body parts and the implications of disposal where the part has evidential value.
Lee John Cunliffe (on his own behalf, as administrator of the estate of his late wife and on behalf of his 3 children) – v- West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust
Authors: Rumley Paul
Published: August 2013

The Claimant was widowed when his wife died, aged 33, as a result of an admitted negligent failure to treat her skin cancer. The Claimant was left to bring up three very young children on his own.

The case was settled on the basis that but for the admitted negligence the Claimant's wife would have been cured of her cancer, and have had a near normal life-expectancy. The settlement included sums to compensate for the reduction in income which the Claimant's late wife would have brought into the family, and also the extra costs of employing childcare for the children, plus £70,000 for the Claimant's late wife's pain and suffering prior to her death as a result of the admitted negligence.