bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyclic Lattices, Ideal Lattices, and Bounds for the Smoothing Parameter
Authors: Zhiyong Zheng , Fengxia Liu , Yunfan Lu , Kun Tian
Published: July 2023

Cyclic lattices and ideal lattices were introduced by Micciancio (2002), Lyubashevsky and Micciancio (2006), respectively, which play an efficient role in Ajtai’s construction of a collision resistant Hash function (see Ajtai (1996), Ajtai and Dwork (1997)) and in Gentry’s construction of fully homomorphic encryption (see Gentry (2009)). Let $$R=Z[x]/\langle \phi (x)\rangle $$

R
=
Z
[
x
]
/
⟨
ϕ
(
x
)
⟩

be a quotient ring of the integer coefficients polynomials ring, Lyubashevsky and Micciancio regarded an ideal lattice as the correspondence of an ideal of R, but they neither explain how to extend this definition to whole Euclidean space $$\mathbb {R}^n$$

R

n

, nor exhibit the relationship of cyclic lattices and ideal lattices. In this chapter, we regard the cyclic lattices and ideal lattices as the correspondences of finitely generated R-modules, so that we may show that ideal lattices are actually a special subclass of cyclic lattices, namely, cyclic integer lattices. In fact, there is a one to one correspondence between cyclic lattices in $$\mathbb {R}^n$$

R

n

and finitely generated R-modules (see Theorem 4). On the other hand, since R is a Noether ring, each ideal of R is a finitely generated R-module, so it is natural and reasonable to regard ideal lattices as a special subclass of cyclic lattices (see Corollary 7). It is worth noting that we use a more general rotation matrix here, so our definition and results on cyclic lattices and ideal lattices are more general forms. As an application, we provide a cyclic lattice with an explicit and countable upper bound for the smoothing parameter (see Theorem 5). It is an open problem that is the shortest vector problem on cyclic lattice NP-hard (see Micciancio (2002)). Our results may be viewed as a substantial progress in this direction.
Adenoid hypertrophy—​diagnosis and treatment: the new S2k guideline
Authors: Ahmad Z. , Krüger K. , Lautermann J. , Lippert B. , Tenenbaum T. , Tigges M. , Tisch M.
Published: July 2023

Hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsils is to be considered pathologic when nasopharyngeal symptoms of mechanical obstruction and/or chronic inflammation occur. Chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction can result in various middle ear diseases such as conductive hearing loss, cholesteatoma, and recurrent acute otitis media. During examination, attention should be paid to the presence of adenoid facies (long face syndrome), with a permanently open mouth and visible tip of the tongue. In the case of severe symptoms and/or failure of conservative treatment, adenoidectomy is usually performed on an outpatient basis. Conventional curettage remains the established standard treatment in Germany. Histologic evaluation is indicated for clinical evidence of mucopolysaccharidoses. Due to the risk of hemorrhage, the preoperative bleeding questionnaire, which is obligatory before every pediatric surgery, is referred to. Recurrence of adenoids is possible despite correct adenoidectomy. Before discharge home, otorhinolaryngologic inspection of the nasopharynx for secondary bleeding should be performed and anesthesiologic clearance obtained.
Bewegungsanalyse bei Querschnittverletzungen
Authors: Kröger Inga , Wackerle Hannes , Maier Doris , Mach Orpheus , Augat Peter
Published: July 2023

Für motorisch inkomplette Querschnittgelähmte ist eine Verbesserung der Gehfunktion ein wichtiges Ziel im Rehabilitationsprogramm. In den spezialisierten Behandlungszentren dienen der 6‑Minuten-Gehtest, der 10-Meter-Gehtest oder der „Timed-up-and-go“-Test als standardisiertes Messinstrument zur Erfassung der Gehfähigkeit. Diese Tests sind jedoch nicht in der Lage, die Qualität des Gehens zu beurteilen. Mithilfe der markerbasierten Bewegungsanalyse kann das Gangbild reliabel erfasst und die Qualität der Bewegung beurteilt werden. Dies ermöglicht eine objektive Bewertung der Gangqualität über den Verlauf der Jahre oder kann unterstützend für die Therapieplanung eingesetzt werden. Am Beispiel von zwei Fällen wird der Nutzen einer solchen Analyse vorgestellt.
Clonidine stimulates force of contraction via histamine H2 receptors in the human atrium
Authors: Neumann Joachim , Pockes Steffen , Humphrys Laura J. , Mönnich Denise , Forster Lisa , Kirchhefer Uwe , Hofmann Britt , Gergs Ulrich
Published: July 2023

Clonidine has various clinical effects mediated by agonism of α1- or α2-adrenoceptors and the blocking of hyperpolarization-activated-nucleotide-gated pacemaker channels (HCN). It is unknown whether clonidine can also stimulate human cardiac histamine H2 receptors (hH2Rs). We used isolated electrically stimulated left and spontaneously beating right atrial preparations from mice overexpressing the hH2R specifically in the heart (H2-TG), and spontaneously beating right atrial preparations of guinea pigs for comparison. Moreover, we studied isolated electrically stimulated muscle strips from the human right atrium. Clonidine (1, 3, and 10 µM) increased force of contraction in isolated left atrial preparations from H2-TG mice. In contrast, clonidine reduced the spontaneous beating rate in right atrial preparations from H2-TG. Clonidine raised the beating rate in guinea pig right atrial preparations. Clonidine failed to increase the force of contraction but reduced beating rate in wild-type litter mate mice (WT). In WT, histamine failed to increase the force of contraction in left atrial preparations and beating rate in right atrial preparations. Clonidine (10 µM) increased the force of contraction in isolated human right atrial preparations. The positive inotropic effect in the human atrium was attenuated by cimetidine (10 µM). Clonidine increased the beating rate of the isolated spontaneously beating guinea pig right atrium and acted as a H2R partial agonist. Furthermore, clonidine showed binding to the guinea pig H2R (100 µM) using HEK cells in a recombinant expression system (pKi < 4.5) but hardly to the human H2R. These data suggest that clonidine can functionally activate cardiac human H2R.
Exploring the Influence of Small-Scale Geographical and Seasonal Variations Over the Microbial Diversity in a Poly-extreme Athalosaline Wetland
Authors: Pardo-Esté Coral , Leiva Sergio Guajardo , Remonsellez Francisco , Castro-Nallar Eduardo , Castro-Severyn Juan , Saavedra Claudia P.
Published: July 2023

Microorganisms are the most diverse life form on the planet and are critical for maintaining the geochemical cycles, especially in extreme environments. Bacterial communities are dynamic and respond directly to changes in abiotic conditions; among these communities, poly-extremophiles are particularly sensitive to perturbations due to their high specialization. Salar de Huasco is a high-altitude wetland located on the Chilean Altiplano exhibiting several conditions considered extreme for life, including negative water balance, extreme variations in temperature and pH values, high UV radiation, and the presence of various toxic metal(oids). However, previous reports have revealed a diverse bacterial community that has adapted to these conditions, here, we aimed to determine whether microbial community diversity and composition changed in response to geographical and seasonal variations. We found that there are significant differences in diversity, abundance, and composition in bacterial taxa that could be attributed to local geographical and seasonal variations, which in turn, can be associated with microbial traits. In conclusion, in this poly-extreme environment, small-scale changes can trigger significant changes in the microbial communities that maintain basic biogeochemical cycles. Further in depth analysis of microbial functionality and geo-ecological dynamics are necessary to better understand the relationships between seasonal changes and bacterial communities.
A Review on Microbial Species for Forensic Body Fluid Identification in Healthy and Diseased Humans
Authors: Dass Mishka , Singh Yashna , Ghai Meenu
Published: July 2023

Microbial communities present in body fluids can assist in distinguishing between types of body fluids. Metagenomic studies have reported bacterial genera which are core to specific body fluids and are greatly influenced by geographical location and ethnicity. Bacteria in body fluids could also be due to bacterial infection; hence, it would be worthwhile taking into consideration bacterial species associated with diseases. The present review reports bacterial species characteristic of diseased and healthy body fluids across geographical locations, and bacteria described in forensic studies, with the aim of collating a set of bacteria to serve as the core species-specific markers for forensic body fluid identification. The most widely reported saliva-specific bacterial species are Streptococcus salivarius, Prevotella melaninogenica, Neisseria flavescens, with Fusobacterium nucleatum associated with increased diseased state. Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus iners are frequently dominant in the vaginal microbiome of healthy women. Atopobium vaginae, Prevotella bivia, and Gardnerella vaginalis are more prevalent in women with bacterial vaginosis. Semen and urine-specific bacteria at species level have not been reported, and menstrual blood bacteria are indistinguishable from vaginal fluid. Targeting more than one bacterial species is recommended for accurate body fluid identification. Although metagenomic sequencing provides information of a broad microbial profile, the specific bacterial species could be used to design biosensors for rapid body fluid identification. Validation of microbial typing methods and its application in identifying body fluids in a mixed sample would allow regular use of microbial profiling in a forensic workflow.
The healthy beverage index is not associated with insulin resistance, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes risk in the Rotterdam Study
Authors: Jacobo Cejudo Maria G. , Ochoa-Rosales Carolina , Ahmadizar Fariba , Kavousi Maryam , Geleijnse Johanna M. , Voortman Trudy
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Whether beverage quality affects changes in glycaemic traits and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk is unknown. We examined associations of a previously developed Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) with insulin resistance, and risk of prediabetes and T2D.

Methods

We included 6769 participants (59% female, 62.0 ± 7.8 years) from the Rotterdam Study cohort free of diabetes at baseline. Diet was assessed using food-frequency questionnaires at baseline. The HBI included 10 components (energy from beverages, meeting fluid requirements, water, coffee and tea, low-fat milk, diet drinks, juices, alcohol, full-fat milk, and sugar-sweetened beverages), with a total score ranging from 0 to 100. A higher score represents a healthier beverage pattern. Data on study outcomes were available from 1993 to 2015. Multivariable linear mixed models and Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to examine associations of the HBI (per 10 points increment) with two measurements of HOMA-IR (a proxy for insulin resistance), and risk of prediabetes and T2D.

Results

During follow-up, we documented 1139 prediabetes and 784 T2D cases. Mean ± SD of the HBI was 66.8 ± 14.4. Higher HBI score was not associated with HOMA-IR (β: 0.003; 95% CI − 0.007, 0.014), or with risk of prediabetes (HR: 1.01; 95% CI 0.97, 1.06), or T2D (HR: 1.01; 95% CI 0.96, 1.07).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest no major role for overall beverage intake quality assessed with the HBI in insulin resistance, prediabetes and T2D incidence. The HBI may not be an adequate tool to assess beverage intake quality in our population.
Bridging the gap between decomposition theory and forensic research on postmortem interval
Authors: Dawson Blake M. , Ueland Maiken , Carter David O. , Mclntyre Donna , Barton Philip S.
Published: July 2023

Knowledge of the decomposition of vertebrate animals has advanced considerably in recent years and revealed complex interactions among biological and environmental factors that affect rates of decay. Yet this complexity remains to be fully incorporated into research or models of the postmortem interval (PMI). We suggest there is both opportunity and a need to use recent advances in decomposition theory to guide forensic research and its applications to understanding the PMI. Here we synthesise knowledge of the biological and environmental factors driving variation in decomposition and the acknowledged limitations among current models of the PMI. To guide improvement in this area, we introduce a conceptual framework that highlights the multiple interdependencies affecting decay rates throughout the decomposition process. Our framework reinforces the need for a multidisciplinary approach to PMI research, and calls for an adaptive research cycle that aims to reduce uncertainty in PMI estimates via experimentation, modelling, and validation.
Error analysis of measurement uncertainty: a snapshot literature review in field of medicine and health in China
Authors: Nie Manqing , Chen Jing , Zheng Bo
Published: July 2023

To analyze and statistically compare common errors in the evaluation of measurement uncertainty in medicine and health field, using literature research and comparison with national standards, in order to understand the current status of measurement uncertainty evaluation in the medicine and health field. Using Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) as the sample population, Stratified Proportional Sampling (PPS) was used to extract journal articles related to measurement uncertainty in the field of medicine and health. The articles were compared with the Eurachem/CITAC Guide QUAM to analyze measurement uncertainty errors. Academic attention to measurement uncertainty in the field of medicine and health in the CNKI literature database has shown explosive growth since 2005. Seven common errors in measurement uncertainty evaluation were identified. None of the 30 journal articles analyzed were error-free, with a total error rate of 44 %. The error rate for ignorance of blank uncertainty was 87 %, improper evaluation of standard curve was 67 %, improper significant figures were 60 %, and insufficient information for Type B evaluation was 50 %. The error rate for provincial and higher-level institutions was 48 %, while the error rate for institutions below the provincial level was 43 %. The difference between the two error rates was not statistically significant (p = 0.523). There is an urgent need to improve the rationality of measurement uncertainty evaluation in medicine and health field, and to strengthen the education and academic communication through national and international cooperation.

Graphical abstract
Fluorine recovery through alkaline defluorination of polyvinylidene fluoride
Authors: Morita Yoshinori , Saito Yuko , Kumagai Shogo , Kameda Tomohito , Shiratori Toshikazu , Yoshioka Toshiaki
Published: July 2023

The establishment of technological approaches for the defluorination of waste fluoropolymers and recovery of eliminated F– may contribute to the development of fluorine recycling routes. In this study, we investigated the effects of alkalinity, phase transfer catalyst (PTC) concentration, reaction temperature, and solvent types on the defluorination of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) by alkaline wet processing. The rate of defluorination of PVDF in 4.0 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 50 mM tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) under aqueous conditions reached 89.2%. In addition, the defluorination reaction proceeded faster in solvents such as diethylene glycol (DEG) and triethylene glycol (TEG) than in water because of the high affinity between PVDF and these diols. To investigate the feasibility of developing a fluorine recycling route, the defluorination of a photovoltaic (PV) backsheet and subsequent CaF2 precipitation from the eliminated F– was examined. A total of 88.3% of F contained in the PV backsheet was recovered as CaF2, which satisfied the quality standards of commercial fluorspar. This study demonstrated that alkaline wet processing is effective for the defluorination of PVDF and that the establishment of a F recycling route along the F supply chain may be feasible.
A metadata model for authenticity in digital archival descriptions
Authors: Pacheco André , Da Silva Carlos Guardado , De Freitas Maria Cristina Vieira
Published: July 2023

The advent of the information paradigm has shaken many of the principles of archival theory and practice. One key issue is knowing to which extent can digital information be trusted. Digital resources are represented by metadata, and trust consists in demonstrating their authenticity. Since the traditional elements used to verify the authenticity of analog records are not suitable in the digital world, the field faces a major challenge. The use of abundant, pertinent and constantly captured metadata seems to one of the most relevant solutions. This article aims to contribute to tackle this issue by setting the goal of proposing a model that attempts to include the most relevant metadata elements to capture the information that contributes for ascertaining the authenticity of digital archival descriptions. To that end, mixed methods methodology are employed. A qualitative documentary research is used to collect, analyze and interpret a corpus of scientific literature. As a complement, the quantitative technique requirements engineering is used to extract from international description standards the metadata requirements that can assist in the presumption of authenticity. Both approaches are then combined through a critical lens into a single unifying model for authenticity that is deemed as complete as necessary but as simple as possible. The model can be used by organizations or as a contribution to the discussion of authenticity and trustworthiness in digital archival descriptions.
Cultivating criticality in a neoliberal system: a case study of an English literature curriculum at a mega distance university
Authors: Knoetze Retha
Published: July 2023

Neoliberal practices such as managerialism and academic casualisation impact higher education systems globally. While these practices can constrain any curriculum aimed at enabling transformative learning, this paper shows that they place particular limitations on arts and humanities curricula intent on cultivating criticality and a sense of social responsibility. I draw on data from an English literature curriculum study at a mega distance education institution in South Africa and use Legitimation Code Theory to take a close-up look at how two neoliberal practices: managerialism and academic casualisation cause misalignments between the underpinning values of the curriculum and the kinds of pedagogic and formative assessment practices that are employed. I conclude that decisions regarding administration, enrolments and staffing based on neoliberal values can frustrate students’ epistemological and ontological access to humanities disciplines and limit the potential of humanities curricula to offer a higher education in service of the social good.
Richter’s local limit theorem, its refinement, and related results*
Authors: Bobkov Sergey G. , Chistyakov Gennadiy P. , Götze Friedrich
Published: July 2023

We give a detailed exposition of the proof of Richter’s local limit theorem in a refined form and establish the stability of the remainder term in this theorem under small perturbations of the underlying distribution (including smoothing).We also discuss related quantitative bounds for characteristic functions and Laplace transforms.
Estimating meaningful change for The Impact of Weight on Self-Perception (IW-SP) questionnaire among people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gelhorn Heather L. , Maher Stephen , Sapin Helene , Poon Jiat Ling , Boye Kristina
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The Impact of Weight on Self-perception Questionnaire (IW-SP) is a three-item patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) instrument assessing the impact of body weight on self-perception. To date no published threshold for meaningful change exists. The objective of this study was to estimate the minimal important change (MIC) for the IW-SP among people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Responder analyses were conducted using anchor- and distribution-based approaches with existing clinical trial data (SURPASS-2). As SURPASS-2 did not include a priori anchors, a set of alternative exploratory anchors were identified based on the MICs and items from two conceptually related measures used in the trial as well as percent change in body weight. Exploratory anchors with change estimates that were sufficiently related to change in IW-SP (r ≥ 0.30) and were not redundant with other anchors were retained for the MIC analyses. The analyses were conducted in two stages (estimation = 2/3 of sample) to derive initial IW-SP MIC estimates, and a subsequent confirmation stage (remaining 1/3 of sample).

Results

While the most conceptually related anchors and items performed best in responsiveness analyses, all anchors resulted in a similar estimate of minimal meaningful change for the IW-SP total score: a 1-point change in raw units (1–5-point scale), corresponding to a 25-point change for transformed scores (0–100 scale). Distribution-based analyses supported these MIC estimates. Results were similar across both stages for all analyses.

Conclusion

The MIC for the IW-SP for patients with T2D is a 25-point change on the transformed score.
Transcriptional upregulation of galectin-3 in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mangano Katia , Petralia Maria Cristina , Bella Rita , Pennisi Manuela , Muñoz-Valle José Francisco , Hernández-Bello Jorge , Nicoletti Ferdinando , Fagone Paolo
Published: July 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting approximately 2.5 million people worldwide. The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of MS are still only partially elucidated. Galectins are a family of β-galactoside-binding lectins that are involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses and have been shown to exert a role in the maintenance of central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. There has been an increasing interest in the role of galectin-3 in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In the current study, we have evaluated the expression levels of galectin-3 in different cellular populations involved in the etiopathogenesis of MS. We have observed dramatically higher transcriptomic levels of galectin-3 in encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells in a preclinical model of MS, the MOG-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Also, significantly higher levels of galectin-3 were found in microglial cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes isolated from the spinal cord of EAE mice, as well as in human MS-related white matter lesions. Modular co-expression analysis revealed that galectin-3 is co-expressed with genes involved in the regulation of microglia, cytokine production, and chemotaxis. This is the first comprehensive analysis of the expression of galectin-3 in MS, further strengthening its potential pathogenetic role in the etiopathogenesis of this CNS autoimmune disorder.
Propofol inhibits colon cancer cell stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating SIRT1, Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways
Authors: Wang Runjia , Li Shuai , Hou Qi , Zhang Bo , Chu Huaqing , Hou Yu , Ni Cheng , Sun Li , Ran Yuliang , Zheng Hui
Published: July 2023

Background

Propofol is a common sedative-hypnotic drug used for general anesthesia. Recent studies have drawn attention to the antitumor effects of propofol, but the potential mechanism by which propofol suppresses colon cancer stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has not been fully elucidated.

Methods

For the in vitro experiments, we used propofol to treat LOVO and SW480 cells and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) to detect proliferation. Self-renewal capacity, cell invasion and migration, flow cytometry analysis, qPCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the suppression of propofol to colon cancer cells and the underlying mechanism. Tumorigenicity and immunohistochemistry experiments were performed to confirm the role of propofol in vivo.

Result

We observed that propofol could suppressed stem cell-like characteristics and EMT-related behaviors, including self-renewal capacity, cell invasion and migration in colon cancer cells, and even suppressed tumorigenicity in vivo. Furthermore, investigations of the underlying mechanism revealed that propofol treatment downregulated SIRT1. SIRT1 overexpression or knockdown affected the stemness and EMT of colon cancer cells. Additionally, propofol reversed stemness and EMT in cells with overexpressing SIRT1 and subsequently inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor blocked the propofol-induced reduction of sphere-formation and cell invasion-migration.

Conclusion

Propofol inhibits LOVO and SW480 cell stemness and EMT by regulating SIRT1 and the Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that propofol inhibits SIRT1 in cancer and is advantageous in colon cancer surgical treatment of patients with high SIRT1 expression.
Under the Veil of Uncertainty: Assessing the Greek Economy’s Resilience and Vulnerability in the Face of Different Uncertainty Types
Authors: Kafka Kyriaki I.
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the impact of uncertainty on sectoral gross value-added (GVA) in the Greek economy, using quarterly data from 1998 to 2022. Analyzing nine types of uncertainty using established indexes, including economic uncertainty and economic, fiscal, monetary, currency, banking, pension, tax, and debt policy uncertainty, the study aims to identify vulnerable and resilient sectors and provide policy recommendations for transforming the Greek economy. The findings contribute to understanding how uncertainty affects different sectors and offer insights into the relationship between uncertainty and sectoral GVA. The study highlights that each sector experiences distinct effects depending on the uncertainty type, with varying impact durations. The “real estate” sector is particularly susceptible to negative impacts, while the “professional, scientific, and technical activities sector, administrative and supportive activities,” the “construction,” and the “wholesale/retail trade” sectors demonstrate high sensitivity to uncertainty shocks. The currency policy and debt policy uncertainty indexes have the most adverse effects on sectoral GVA. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and decision-makers in pursuing economic stability and growth.
Study of accelerated erosion of elbow-shaped connections with corrosion defects
Authors: Yin Biao , Zou Hejun , Liu Jie , Liu Shanyong , Lou Yishan
Published: July 2023

In the later stages of gas field development, corrosion and erosion wear often occur in elbow-shaped connections used for gas transportation. Combined with laboratory corrosion experiments, the paper is based on CFD to study the distribution characteristics of pressure and velocity in the flow field for the elbow with pre-set corrosion defects. Simultaneously, the specific procedure is designed to track the formation of Dean vortices, thereby revealing the impact patterns of different corrosion defect features on the erosion outcomes of the elbow. Accordingly, the effect of different arrangement, number and form of corrosion defects on erosion wear was systematically analyzed. The results show that: (1) A comparative analysis of the three different defect distribution forms indicates that erosion occurs mainly at the bend near the outlet Section (45° ~ 60°). Double corrosion defects in the radial distribution will significantly accelerate the rate of pipe erosion, changing the location of maximum erosion rate. (2) By controlling the number of corrosion defects to represent the size of the corroded area, the study reveals as the number of defects increases, the rate and area of erosion in surface of the target material increases significantly. Thus, the area of the corrosion will explicitly change the effect of erosion. (3) As the depth of the defects (corrosion rate) increase, the erosion rate around the radial and axial defects increases exponentially compared to the absence of corrosion, reaching a maximum of 7.8 × 10−6 kg/(m2·s). Corrosion and erosion are two complementary forms of damage to pipe in the production process. The presence of corrosion defects leads to faster erosion rates and changes in the overflow area, reducing service life. Hence, only a reasonable control of both types of wear can ensure the longevity of gas production and transportation.
Morphology-controlled atmospheric pressure plasma synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles for piezoelectric sensors
Authors: Schwan A. M. , Chwatal S. , Hendler C. , Kopp D. , Lackner J. M. , Kaindl R. , Tscherner M. , Zirkl M. , Angerer P. , Friessnegger B. , Augl S. , Heim D. , Hinterer A. , Stummer M. , Waldhauser W.
Published: July 2023

Zinc oxide nanoparticles, especially those with a high aspect ratio (i. e., nanorods and nanowires), are of great interest for many applications as they are piezoelectric, photocatalytic and antimicrobial. In the present study, a plasma flight-thru synthesis method was developed that allows controlling the particle size and shape of the zinc oxide nanoparticles. In a direct current thermal plasma reactor operated at atmospheric pressure, zinc powder injected into the plasma jet was molten, vaporized and oxidized, which allowed growing zinc oxide nanoparticles. The particle spectrum ranged from small nanospheres to nanorods, nanowires and multipodic nanoparticles such as tetrapods. The influence of the oxygen rate and the plasma power (correlated to the discharge current) on the particle morphology was studied, and the feasibility of the nanowire-like particles as piezoelectric sensor material was investigated. Piezoelectric test sensors, equipped with the plasma-synthesized zinc oxide nanowires, successfully responded to mechanical stimulation after poling.
The Effect of Pre-Exercise Hyperhydration on Exercise Performance, Physiological Outcomes and Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jardine William T. , Aisbett Brad , Kelly Monica K. , Burke Louise M. , Ross Megan L. , Condo Dominique , Périard Julien D. , Carr Amelia J.
Published: July 2023

Background

Fluid loss during prolonged exercise in hot conditions poses thermoregulatory and cardiovascular challenges for athletes that can lead to impaired performance. Pre-exercise hyperhydration using nutritional aids is a strategy that may prevent or delay the adverse effects of dehydration and attenuate the impact of heat stress on exercise performance.

Objectives

The aim of this systematic review was to examine the current literature to determine the effect of pre-exercise hyperhydration on performance, key physiological responses and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Methods

English language, full-text articles that compared the intervention with a baseline or placebo condition were included. An electronic search of Medline Complete, SPORTDiscus and Embase were used to identify articles with the final search conducted on 11 October 2022. Studies were assessed using the American Dietetic Association Quality Criteria Checklist.

Results

Thirty-eight studies involving 403 participants (n = 361 males) were included in this review (n = 22 assessed exercise performance or capacity). Two studies reported an improvement in time-trial performance (range 5.7–11.4%), three studies reported an improvement in total work completed (kJ) (range 4–5%) and five studies reported an increase in exercise capacity (range 14.3–26.2%). During constant work rate exercise, nine studies observed a reduced mean heart rate (range 3–11 beats min−1), and eight studies reported a reduced mean core temperature (range 0.1–0.8 °C). Ten studies reported an increase in plasma volume (range 3.5–12.6%) compared with a control. Gastrointestinal symptoms were reported in 26 studies, with differences in severity potentially associated with factors within the ingestion protocol of each study (e.g. treatment, dose, ingestion rate).

Conclusions

Pre-exercise hyperhydration may improve exercise capacity during constant work rate exercise due to a reduced heart rate and core temperature, stemming from an acute increase in plasma volume. The combination of different osmotic aids (e.g. glycerol and sodium) may enhance fluid retention and this area should continue to be explored. Future research should utilise valid and reliable methods of assessing gastrointestinal symptoms. Furthermore, studies should investigate the effect of hyperhydration on different exercise modalities whilst implementing a strong level of blinding. Finally, females are vastly underrepresented, and this remains a key area of interest in this area.
Security enhancement of the access control scheme in IoMT applications based on fuzzy logic processing and lightweight encryption
Authors: El-Banby Ghada M. , Elazm Lamiaa A. Abou , El-Shafai Walid , El-Bahnasawy Nirmeen A. , El-Samie Fathi E. Abd , Elazm Atef Abou , Siam Ali I.
Published: July 2023

Security of Internet-of-Medical-Things (IoMT) networks has evolved as a vital issue in recent years. The IoMT networks are designed to link patients with caregivers. All reports, data, and medical signals are transferred over these networks. Hence, these networks require robust and secure access strategies for patients to send their vital data or reports. Hence, hacking of these networks may lead to harmful effects on patients. One of the vulnerable points to hacking in these networks is the access point. Access to these networks could be performed with biometrics. The popular biometric traits for this purpose are biomedical signals such as Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, as they are continuously monitored and measured for patients. A common thread between all biometric authentication systems is the possibility of losing the biometric traits forever if hacking attempts manage to concur the biometric template storage. A new trend in the field of biometric authentication is to avoid the utilization of original biometrics in access control processes. A possible alternative is to use cancelable biometrics instead. Cancelable biometrics can be generated through encryption schemes or non-invertible transforms. This paper adopts both strategies in a unified framework for cancelable ECG signal recognition that can be used in the access step of IoMT networks. The proposed framework begins with applying a non-invertible transformation on the ECG signals through fuzzy logic to change the dynamic range of the signals. As this process is non-invertible in nature, it prevents the recovery of the original ECG signals from the processed versions, which is the main target of cancelable biometric systems. After that, lightweight encryption through XOR operation with user-specific patterns is implemented. Here, the high complexity of full encryption schemes that need a large processing burden is eliminated. The addition of the encryption stage enhances the security of cancelable biometric traits, allowing a hybrid nature of the proposed cancelable biometric framework through the merging of non-invertible transforms and encryption algorithms. Moreover, an FPGA hardware implementation is introduced for real implementation of the proposed ECG-based cancelable biometric recognition framework. This hardware can accompany the user to allow access of the IoMT network when requested. Experimental results show a promising performance of the proposed framework with a large Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AROC) of 99.5% and an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 0.058%.
Uncertainty guided ensemble self-training for semi-supervised global field reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Yunyang , Gong Zhiqiang , Zhao Xiaoyu , Yao Wen
Published: July 2023

Recovering the global accurate complex physics field from limited sensors is critical to the measurement and control of the engineering system. General reconstruction methods for recovering the field, especially the deep learning with more parameters and better representational ability, usually require large amounts of labeled data which is unaffordable in practice. To solve the problem, this paper proposes uncertainty guided ensemble self-training (UGE-ST), using plentiful unlabeled data to improve reconstruction performance and reduce the required labeled data. A novel self-training framework with the ensemble teacher and pre-training student designed to improve the accuracy of the pseudo-label and remedy the impact of noise is first proposed. On the other hand, uncertainty guided learning is proposed to encourage the model to focus on the highly confident regions of pseudo-labels and mitigate the effects of wrong pseudo-labeling in self-training, improving the performance of the reconstruction model. Experiments including the airfoil velocity and pressure field reconstruction and the electronic components’ temperature field reconstruction indicate that our UGE-ST can save up to 90% of the data with the same accuracy as supervised learning.
Quality evaluation of land reclamation in mining area based on remote sensing
Authors: Wang Shidong , Guo Jianhua , Yu Yang , Shi Pujie , Zhang Hebing
Published: July 2023

Several deficiencies exist in the present evaluation of land reclamation quality in mining areas. These include the absence of an established set of evaluation index systems and standard acceptance criteria, as well as the use of traditional sampling techniques, which are costly and in efficiency, and time-consuming. Compared with the traditional sampling survey methods, remote sensing has the advantages of a wide detection range, diverse information collection, multiple data-acquiring strategies, high speed, and short cycle. In this study, we used the Xinzhuang coal mining field in Yongcheng, Henan Province as an example to extract information and invert surface parameters using remote sensing techniques, based on national and local reclamation regulations and standards. Subsequently, using remote sensing, we constructed an index system for evaluating land reclamation quality in three aspects: reclaiming project quality, soil quality, and ecological benefits. Through the grading standards of evaluation indicators and quantitative remote sensing models, we determined the extracted information on the area of indicators, roads, ditches, soil moisture, organic matter, and ecological benefits after reclamation. Based on this, we established a quality evaluation model for mining land reclamation using an improved index and method. The evaluation units were divided, and the weight of the evaluation index was determined using the analytic hierarchy process and data envelopment analysis (AHP–DEA) method. The land reclamation quality in the study area was comprehensively evaluated, field accuracy was verified, and the results were analyzed. The results show that, except for the removal of roads, houses, and fishponds in the study area, all 13 evaluation units achieved a score of 60 points or higher. The quality of reclamation met the standards, and the evaluation results were consistent with the conclusions of the field investigation and project acceptance report, demonstrating the reliability and feasibility of the method developed in this study. The research results will provide technical support for the scientific evaluation of land reclamation quality.
Urban Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law: Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Challenges
Authors: Adams M. , De Ruysscher D. , Groenleer M. L. P. , Leenknegt G. , van der Schyff G.
Published: July 2023

The 21st century may safely be called the ‘urban era’. The year 2007 marked the moment when for the first time in modern history, over 50% of the world’s population lived in urban areas. By the year 2050 almost 70% of humanity is projected to be urban, i.e., a human settlement with usually a high population density and an infrastructure of built environment. While the role of large cities, metropolitan areas and urban regions has been increasing, the political domain of the states, of which these cities or regions constitutionally form part, seems to be continuously shrinking. And although the rise of the urban is unlikely to lead to the disappearance of the sovereign-state model, the idea of states as having final authority is seriously challenged. This is caused by at least two simultaneously occurring trends: the transfer of tasks and responsibilities upwards, to the international and supranational level, through processes of globalization and a development downwards, to the local and regional level (or even the neighborhood or district), through processes of decentralization and regionalization. These combined trends have been called glocalization, a process exemplary for the complexity of modern society, in which authority shifts from hierarchy to networks, and the autonomy and unity of the central and sovereign state are under pressure. This special issue is the fruit of a workshop organized at Tilburg Law School on 25 November 2022, dedicated to the exploration of several constitutional and rule of law challenges posed by what we have dubbed urban constitutionalism.
Effect of water on the rock strength and creep behavior of green mudstone
Authors: Li Jinduo , Gao Yuan , Yang Tianhong , Zhang Penghai , Deng Wenxue , Liu Feiyue
Published: July 2023

The weakening of rock mass after immersion substantially affects slope stability. Considering the mudstone in the north slope of the Fushun West Open pit as the research object, we investigated the failure and creep characteristics of mudstone under different immersion times and confining pressures. For this, we used a self-developed experimental apparatus that applies biaxial compression loading in a water immersion environment. Water significantly changed the strength and failure mode of the mudstone. The increase in confining pressure limits the expansion of the crack aperture, reduces the rock strength-weakening coefficient, and delays the rock weakening time. The change in cohesion is primarily responsible for the weakening of shear strength during immersion. Based on the creep test results, the creep curve of the soaking specimen was identical to that of the dry specimen in the initial phase. The weakening effect of water on the specimen increased as the soaking duration increased, due to which the creep curve of the soaking specimen gradually approached that of the saturated specimen. Water entered the microcracks and reacted with the rock interior, accelerating rock failure. Consequently, the soaking specimen had the lowest stress level for creep failure and the shortest failure time. The results of this experiment provide a reference for the long-term stability of the flooded slope.
The Discipline of Dress: Uniform Buttons and Accoutrements of the Native Mounted Police in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Grguric Nic , Burke Heather , Wallis Lynley A. , Cole Noelene , Barker Bryce , Hatte Elizabeth
Published: July 2023

Clothing is capable of providing a range of insights into aspects of identity, authority, power, and hierarchy. Here we present the results of an analysis of an assemblage of uniform buttons and accoutrements from seven 19th-century Native Mounted Police (NMP) camps in Queensland, Australia. As part of wider colonial structures of discipline and expropriation, the NMP uniform was a powerful symbol of control: over troopers’ bodies, over NMP detachments by officers, and over “wild” and “savage” Indigenous peoples by the NMP. Exploring the history and development of the NMP uniform, its intent in constructing officers and particularly troopers, the indexical qualities it acquired as a symbol of violence and fear amongst Indigenous people, and some of the alternative ways in which uniforms could be worn provides a variety of insights into the role, nature, and experience of the Queensland NMP.
Estimation of Particle Emission Rates and Calculation of Human Dose from Arc Welding and Cutting of Stainless Steel in a Simulated Confined Workspace
Authors: Serfozo Norbert , Lazaridis Mihalis
Published: July 2023

The objective of this study was to estimate the particle emission rates, human dose and retention from two arc welding processes and cutting of stainless steel. The two arc welding processes were Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) and Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG). In a simulated confined workspace of experimental chamber under controlled conditions, four different scenarios were considered, including the use of filtering face piece respirator (FFR), leaving or staying in the workspace after the emission. Deposited and retained dose in the respiratory tract was assessed for the different regions of the human respiratory tract using a dosimetry model (ExDoM2). The three investigated processes generated high particle number concentrations ranging from 2.4 to 3.6 × 106 particles/cm3 and were the highest during TIG. Among all three processes, PM10 concentrations from cutting reached the highest levels [11 and 22 (× 103) μg/m3], while SMAW had the highest contribution of fine particles [~ 4.1 (× 103) μg/m3], consisting mostly of PM1–2.5. The examination of different scenarios revealed that there is only a slight difference in respect to deposited dose while staying in the workspace for the entire investigated time period (4 h) with or without use of Filtering Facepiece Respirator (FFR). It would be more beneficial in respect to deposited dose if the exposed subject was not wearing a FFR during the emission process and would leave the polluted workspace immediately after the emission period. In the first two scenarios (staying 4 h in the polluted workspace with and without FFR), both welding processes had higher cumulative deposited (~ 23%) and retained dose (~ 20%) in thoracic region compared to cutting (~ 9% and ~ 7%). These results demonstrate that even a short emission period can cause a considerable increase in concentrations of harmful respirable particles, thus increasing the human dose. The approach applied in this study could be used for the determination of personal exposure and dose to particles of known composition particularly in confined workspaces.
Waste Management in Nepal: Characterization and Challenges to Promote a Circular Economy
Authors: Labra Cataldo Nicolás , Oyinlola Muyiwa , Sigdel Samip , Nguyen Dori , Gallego-Schmid Alejandro
Published: July 2023

In Nepal, the informal sector is responsible for treating 15% of household waste. It is the only alternative to landfilling and open disposal; however, the current waste management system does not acknowledge informal recyclers aggravating various challenges and vulnerabilities that the sector already faces. This study identifies and validates for the first time the challenges of the informal waste sector while providing a granular understanding of the actors that shape waste management in the region. The study uses primary data collected over a period of 6 months in Kathmandu and Lalitpur, the first and third most populated areas in Nepal. The methods considered were semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and a co-creation workshop with formal and informal actors. A novel characterization of waste management actors was conducted to identify two profiles namely cyclists and scavengers and question the formality of the collection centres. Findings suggest that the price volatility of recycled materials and the lack of treatment and absence of regulatory capacity are among the main challenges in promoting a circular economy from the informal sector. The recommendations to overcome these challenges are a series of policy reforms, such as an extended responsibility producer scheme and the review of the tax on recycled material transport. The main policy implication from the finding reveals that circular economy is already being promoted by the informal sector — a responsibility that should fall under the remit of the regional and national governments. The study concludes that integration is not only necessary to improve the conditions of informal workers but essential to developing a circular economy in Nepal.