bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repeatability and Standardization in Cattle Blood Typing
Authors: Kiddy C. A. , Hooven N. W.
Published: October 2006

Thirteen laboratories engaged in cattle blood typing have participated in tests to compare their blood-typing reagents. Over 75,000 individual tests of cattle erythrocytes were made. When the laboratories tested duplicate samples without knowing they were duplicates, the results were in agreement 99 percent of the time. Tests on samples from the same 199 animals with 56 different reagents from two or more of the laboratories showed agreement 89 percent of the time. The agreement was unexpectedly good, since the primary purpose of the tests was to allow comparison of independently developed reagents and since the sources of error were numerous.
Plumage in Lal Munia (
Amandava amandava
)
Authors: Thapliyal J. P. , Tewary P. D.
Published: October 2006

An Indian ploceid finch,
Amandava amandava,
develops brilliant nuptial plumage in males during the breeding season. The females and males outside of the breeding season have modest brown hen plumages. The fact that castrates, whether originally of male or of female sex, assume nuptial plumages during the breeding season of the species indicates that plumage character is under the control of hypophyseal hormones and that hypophyses are passing through an activity cycle which is independent of presence or absence of gonads.
Poliomyelitis Immunization
Authors: Bodian David
Published: October 2006

I would summarize the foregoing discussion by asserting, first, that the superiority of the live oral attenuated poliovirus vaccines over the inactivated vaccines now in use remains to be demonstrated, except for convenience of administration. Second, the proposal to introduce live oral poliovirus vaccine by means of country-wide mass immunization programs is irresponsible in the sense that such a procedure would eliminate the possibility of a definitive evaluation of either vaccine in this country, and moreover is unlikely to accomplish more than can be accomplished by a more conservative approach. Third, even after licensing, a new vaccine product must be considered to be on trial, since new variables enter the scene when large-scale manufacture and large-scale use begin. In this connection it is of importance that the margin of safety of live-attenuated-poliovirus lots now in production is not large, as measured by the only laboratory test available—neurovirulence in monkeys. In comparison with unacceptable trial strains, about which questions of safety have been raised after field use, the acceptable strains have measurably less neurovirulence, but the differences are not great, and approval of each lot will require careful scrutiny for evidence of even slight degrees of reversion in neurovirulence during production.

Finally, there is a place for both types of vaccine in the control of poliomyelitis throughout the world. How and where each type should be used is a scientific problem which can best be resolved with careful assessment of all the available evidence concerning vaccine characteristics in relation to the ecology of poliomyelitis. From the point of view of a scientific evaluation of the results of the present vaccination program in this country, it appears that a quip I made in 1960—we may now have too many poliomyelitis vaccines!—has come home to roost.
Mechanism of Inactivation of Enzyme Proteins by Ultraviolet Light
Authors: McLaren A. D. , Luse R. A.
Published: October 2006

Some quantum yields for the destruction of amino acids have been determined. The inactivation of the enzymes chymotrypsin, lysozyme, ribonuclease, and trypsin by ultraviolet light can be accounted for quantitatively by summing the products of (i) the probability that light is absorbed by a given amino acid residue, ε
𝒾
, and (ii) the probability that absorbed light induces a chemical change, with a quantum efficiency φ
𝒾
, in the residue. The principal residues involved are cystyl and tryptophanyl. Peptide bond rupture is not important. Analysis of inactivated enzymes verifies the assumption of the existence of several inactivation mechanisms.
Relative Effectiveness of Document Titles and Abstracts for Determining Relevance of Documents
Authors: Resnick A.
Published: October 2006

Individuals who received documents through a selective dissemination of information system were asked to determine the relevance of documents to their work interests on the basis of titles and of abstracts. The results indicate that there was no significant difference between the usefulness of titles and of abstracts for this purpose.
Effect of Molecular Weights of Colloidal Dextran on Human Serum Lipids
Authors: Pučar Z. , Keler-Bačoka M.
Published: October 2006

When 6-percent colloidal solutions of dextran (molecular weights, 10.000 to 500.000) are mixed with human serum in vitro, a new dextran-lipid fraction appears in paper strip electrophoresis between the starting point and the gamma globulins. The intensity of this dextran-lipid fraction increases with the progressive increase of molecular weight of the dextran used, and this increased intensity of the dextran-lipid fraction is accompanied simultaneously by an appropriate decrease of the lipid fraction migrating with the beta globulins. The intensity of the A-lipoproteins and the neutral fats adsorbed at the starting point seems unaltered by the application of dextran in colloidal solution regardless of the molecular weight of the dextran used. No change of the protein patterns was observed.
Miniature Subcutaneous Frequency-Modulated Transmitter for Brain Potentials
Authors: Sperry C. J. , Gadsden C. P. , Rodriguez C. , Bach L. M. N.
Published: October 2006

A device for broadcasting electrical signals from the brain of an animal is described. It is small enough to be implanted under the animal's skin. That signals are broadcast without distortion is shown by the comparison of a broadcast recording of an electrocorticogram of a cat with a simultaneous recording made directly with wire leads.
Oral Proline Tolerance in Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Summer George K.
Published: October 2006

Studies were carried out to test the hypothesis that a disturbance in proline or hydroxyproline metabolism, or both, is associated with defective collagen formation in osteogenesis imperfecta, a generalized disorder of connective tissue. Oral tolerance for proline in affected patients was lower than in comparable controls.
Longevity of
Fusarium oxysporum
in Soil Tube Culture
Authors: McKeen C. D. , Wensley R. N.
Published: October 2006

In soil tube culture, representatives of three biologic forms of
Fusarium oxysporum
survived unchanged morphologically for 11 years or more. An isolate of the muskmelon wilt fungus remained viable after 17 years' storage in dry air at a temperature of from 3° to 4°C. The surviving unit was found to be the chlamydospore.
Electroretinogram of the Visually Deprived Cat
Authors: Baxter Bruce L. , Riesen Austin H.
Published: October 2006

Cats kept in darkness from birth show a subnormal
b
-wave in the electroretinogram to 4 weeks of age but quickly develop the full response upon stimulation. When the cats are kept without light for 1 year, the response recovers slowly after intense stimulation. A 2-day exposure to light is sufficient to reverse this diminution in response.
Repetition and Paired Associates Learning
Authors: Kristofferson Alfred B.
Published: October 2006

Recent experiments have suggested that paired-associate items which are practiced and missed are equivalent to new items on future trials, supporting an all-or-none interpretation of the formation of associative bonds. Experiments reported here show that if correct items are discarded after each trial the probability of getting a missed item correct on the next trial is higher than the probability of getting a new item correct.
On the Increase of Sites for Chromosome Exchange Formation after Chromosome Duplication
Authors: Garcia-Benitez Carlos , Wolff Sheldon
Published: October 2006

Although radiation-induced chromosome exchanges are not distributed among cells according to a Poisson distribution, chromatid interchanges are. In
Vicia faba
the lack of fit to a Poisson distribution has been attributed to the occurrence of only two sites per cell where the chromosomes are close enough to form exchanges if broken. When chromatid aberrations are induced, after chromosomal duplication, the number of sites more than doubles.
Mineralization of Bacteria
Authors: Rizzo A. A. , Martin G. R. , Scott D. B. , Mergenhagen S. E.
Published: October 2006

A variety of viable and nonviable bacteria became mineralized with hydroxyapatite when implanted in dialysis bags in the peritoneal cavities of rats. The microscopic pattern of mineral deposition appeared analogous to that in the formation of oral calculus. Since nonviable organisms were mineralized at an accelerated rate, bacterial metabolic processes may not be essential for mineralization.
Preliminary Geologic Report on the 1961 U.S. Expedition to Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Drake Avery Ala
Published: October 2006

Five areas of outcrop were examined along 120 miles of the coast of the Bellingshausen Sea east of the Thurston Peninsula. Hornblende quartz diorite is the principal rock in the area and occurs in a body of batholithic dimensions. The quartz diorite contains inclusions of older granulitic rock and is cut by mafic dikes. An island in Paradise Harbor on the Palmer Peninsula was also examined briefly.
Zinc-65 Levels in Oysters in the Thames River (Connecticut)
Authors: Fitzgerald B. W. , Rankin J. S. , Skauen D. M.
Published: October 2006

Levels of zinc-65 in oysters from selected sites in the Thames River (Connecticut) have been determined for a 12-month period. The highest levels of radioactivity were in oysters from a bed situated opposite the United States submarine base in March 1961 (1637 micromicrocuries per kilogram of moist tissue). None of the samples assayed showed sufficient amounts of radioactivity to represent a health hazard.
Antiozonant-Treated Cloth Protects Tobacco from Fleck
Authors: Taylor Gordon S. , Rich Saul
Published: October 2006

Tobacco is protected from fleck, caused by high concentrations of atmospheric ozone, by enclosing groups of the plants completely in tents of cloth treated with the antiozonant 4,4′-dioctyl diphenylamine in butyl latex. The treated cloth also reduces the amount of fleck on adjacent, unenclosed plants. Spraying the antiozonant on the walls of a previously untreated tent prevents subsequent flecking of plants within the tent.
Technique for the Study of the Behavior of Motile Microorganisms
Authors: Davenport D. , Wright C. A. , Causley D.
Published: October 2006

Rapid recording of the speed and the direction of the pathway of a swiftly moving microorganism is possible with the flying-spot microscope. The organism is televised, collisions between it and the scanning beam, which make a discrete pathway of "blips," being photographable on the viewing screen. The pathway of the miracidium of
Schistosoma mansoni
in water and in "host-factor" is recorded.
Drugs Effects on Lever Positioning Behavior
Authors: Clark Robert , Jackson James A. , Brady Joseph V.
Published: October 2006

A technique is described for generating a continuous lever positioning response in the rhesus monkey. The effects of several drugs on this behavior were studied.
Identification of a Protein that Binds to the SH3 Region of Abl and Is Similar to Bcr and GAP-rho
Authors: Cicchetti Piera , Mayer Bruce J. , Thiel Gerald , Baltimore David
Published: October 2006

A Src homology 3 (SH3) region is a sequence of approximately 50 amino acids found in many nonreceptor tyrosine kinases and other proteins. Deletion of the SH3 region from the protein encoded by the c-
abl
proto-oncogene activates the protein's transforming capacity, thereby suggesting the participation of the SH3 region in the negative regulation of transformation. A complementary DNA was isolated that encoded a protein, 3BP-1, to which the SH3 region of Abl bound with high specificity and to which SH3 regions from other proteins bound differentially. The sequence of the 3BP-1 protein is similar to that of a COOH-terminal segment of Bcr and to guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein (GAP)-rho, which suggests that it might have GAP activity for Ras-related proteins. The 3BP-1 protein may therefore be a mediator of SH3 function in transformation inhibition and may link tyrosine kinases to Ras-related proteins.
Application of a Time Series Statistic to Physiology and Psychology
Authors: Leiderman P. Herbert , Shapiro David
Published: October 2006

A statistic describing variability for continuously collected time-ordered data with changing mean level is presented. The Mean Square Successive Difference, developed by von Neumann, was employed in the analysis of basal levels of galvanic skin potential recorded for 40-minute periods.
Four-Electrode Method for Measuring the Direct-Current Resistivity of Ice
Authors: Gross Gerardo Wolfgang
Published: October 2006

The improved system here described has been used successfully in systematic measurements of direct-current conductivity of ice doped with hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acids. The use of four electrodes allows continuous control of measurement reliability.
Pooled Estimates of Parent-Child Correlations in Stature from Birth to Maturity
Authors: Livson Norman , McNeill David , Thomas Karla
Published: October 2006

Correlations between the heights of children throughout their development and their parents' mature heights differ widely in different growth studies. The range of values, however, is shown to be within the limits of sampling error, making it possible to estimate correlations for each age from birth to maturity. Mother-child correlations are generally higher than father-child correlations, and for both comparisons the correlation increases when the child reaches early adolescence. There is no relation between the heights of the parents and the timing of the child's growth spurt, but there probably is a relation between the heights of the parents and the amount the child grows during early adolescence.
A Critical Role for Conserved Residues in the Cleft of HLA-A2 in Presentation of a Nonapeptide to T Cells
Authors: Latron France , Pazmany Laszlo , Morrison Joanna , Moots Robert , Saper Mark A. , McMichael Andrew , Strominger Jack L.
Published: October 2006

The peptide binding cleft of the class I human histocompatibility antigen, HLA-A2, contains conserved amino acid residues clustered in the two ends of the cleft in pockets A and F as well as polymorphic residues. The function of two conserved tyrosines in the A pocket was investigated by mutating them to phenylalanines and of a conserved tyrosine and threonine in the F pocket by mutating them to phenylalanine and valine, respectively. Presentation of influenza virus peptides and of intact virus to cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was then examined. The magnitude of the reduction seen by the mutation of the two tyrosines in the A pocket suggests that hydrogen bonds involving them have a critical function in the binding of the NH
2
-terminal NH
3
+
of the peptide nonamer and possibly of all bound peptide nonamers. In contrast, the mutations in the F pocket had no effect on CTL recognition.
Threshold Phenomena and Long-Distance Activation of Transcription by RNA Polymerase II
Authors: Laybourn Paul J. , Kadonaga James T.
Published: October 2006

To explore the underlying mechanisms by which genes are regulated in eukaryotes, long-distance transcriptional activation and threshold effects were reconstituted in vitro. Long-range activation of transcription by GAL4-VP16 protein located 1300 base pairs upstream of the RNA start site was dependent on packaging of the template into histone H1-containing chromatin. A transcriptional threshold effect by GAL4-VP16 was observed with repressed chromatin templates but not naked DNA templates. The experimental data with the chromatin templates were similar to the theoretical activation profile that is predicted if the action of each DNA bound protomer of GAL4-VP16 were independent and additive in terms of free energy.
Paraplegic Dogs: Urinary Bladder Evacuation with Direct Electric Stimulation
Authors: Kantrowitz Adrian , Schamaun Martin
Published: October 2006

Stimulation of the detrusor muscle by means of two implanted wire electrodes increased intravesical pressure markedly in ten trials in normal dogs and in nine trials following transection of the dog's lumbar spinal cord. The urinary bladder could be completely emptied up to 2 or 3 weeks postoperatively. Later stimulation provoked an equally copious urinary flow but a residue persisted even when progressively higher voltage was applied.
Skin Resistance Levels and Galvanic Skin Response: Unilateral Differences
Authors: Obrist Paul A.
Published: October 2006

On five subjects, skin resistance levels and galvanic skin response were recorded unilaterally and simultaneously from each side of the body for between 24 and 36 days. Reliable differences in skin resistance were found in three subjects and in galvanic skin response in two subjects. The magnitude of the skin resistance difference was significantly reduced in four subjects during stimulation.
Cholesterol in Higher Plants
Authors: Johnson David F. , Bennett Raymond D. , Heftmann Erich
Published: October 2006

The presence of cholesterol in
Solanum tuberosum
and
Dioscorea spiculiflora
plants was demonstrated by gas-liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, isolation and mixed melting point, and purification to constant radioactivity after dilution with authentic cholesterol.
Cancer: Relation of Prenatal Radiation to Development of the Disease in Childhood
Authors: Sternglass E. J.
Published: October 2006

Experimental evidence indicating a linear response and the absence of a threshold for the development of childhood cancer and leukemia at total doses below 1 roentgen is contained in recent studies of prenatal diagnostic x-ray exposure. Implications for the nature of the carcinogenic mechanism in the human organism are discussed, with emphasis on the possible effects of the ionizing radiation from iodine-131 and other short-lived isotopes.
Chemical Strengthening of Glass
Authors: Olcott Joseph S.
Published: October 2006

Although man has known for centuries that glass had potentially large mechanical capabilities, he had been content, until rather recently, to accept the fragility of bulk glass. Annealing, the first step in making glass a useful material, enabled him to make articles with strengths adequate for satisfactory service. Physical tempering provided the next big advance, permitting strengths more than three times those of annealed glass in simple shapes. Today, chemical strengthening is a real possibility for producing glass articles, regardless of design, more than three times the strength of physically tempered ware.
Recombination Events in the Bacterial Genus
Nocardia
Authors: Adams James N. , Bradley S. G.
Published: October 2006

Genetic recombination was demonstrated in the bacterial genus
Nocardia
. The compatibility mechanism governing recombination differs from that of
Escherichia coli
and the streptomycetes. Mutants of
N. erythropolis
or
N. canicruria
, of homologous origin, were incompatible, but mutants of heterologous origin were compatible. Such a compatibility system is suggestive of classic heterothallism which up to now has not been known among the bacteria.
Swarm Orientation in Honeybees
Authors: Morse Roger A.
Published: October 2006

A swarm of honeybees will move up to 75 m (250 feet) without its queen but only for 3 to 8 minutes. The swarm is aware of the presence of its queen, but the queen does not lead the swarm from one location to another. Bees return to a queen which cannot follow the swarm in flight and in fact are capable of finding a queen "lost along the way." The source of the odoriferous substance(s) responsible for a swarm's detection of its queen appears to be glands in her head.
Stress Modification of Drug Response
Authors: Rupe Billy D. , Bousqet William F. , Miya Tom S.
Published: October 2006

Rats stressed by unilateral hind-leg ligation show a significantly decreased pharmacological response to the effects of hexobarbital, meprobamate, and pentobarbital. This effect is dependent upon an intact pituitaryadrenal axis, since it is absent in both hypophysectomized and adrenalectomized animals. It can be simulated by intravenous administration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone or corticosterone. The effect of stress on drug response is not noted with barbital, a compound which is not metabolized; this effect is inhibited by treatment of the animal with a drug metabolism inhibitor such as SKF 525-A (diethylaminoethyl 2,2-diphenylpentanoate). Compounds which can stimulate adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion or act directly on the adrenals to produce corticosteroids should thus be able to stimulate their own metabolism or that of other drugs.
Signal Duration as a Factor in Vigilance Tasks
Authors: Baker C. H.
Published: October 2006

Short signals in a vigilance test generated an inferior initial performance, as compared with longer signals, and resulted in a steeper decrement in performance. A short (1-minute) and a long (2-hour) vigilance task was undertaken by each subject.
Prediction of Discrimination from Generalization after Variations in Schedule of Reinforcement
Authors: Haber Audrey , Kalish Harry I.
Published: October 2006

The relationship between generalization and discrimination is explored in the present study by utilizing the results of systematic changes in the generalization gradient to predict changes in discrimination behavior. In the first of two experiments, differing groups of pigeons were trained to respond to a wavelength of 550 mμ under conditions of varying schedules of reinforcement. Generalization gradients were then obtained and the ratios of the responses to selected discriminative stimuli calculated. These were used to predict discrimination behavior in a second experiment using the same stimuli. Both the number of trials to a discrimination criterion and the ratio of response indicate the plausibilty of an inverse hypothesis, and the applicability of the generalization model to related behavior such as discrimination.
Beryllium: Effect of Ultra-High Pressure on Resistance
Authors: Marder Arnold R.
Published: October 2006

Beryllium, subjected to a pressure of 93 kb at 25°C undergoes a change in structure, as indicated by a 45-percent decrease in resistance. At 55 kb a small change in the resistance-pressure relationship suggests another modification of the usual hexagonal-close-packed structure.
Actinomycin D: Specific Inhibitory Effects on the Explanted Chick Embryo
Authors: Klein N. W. , Pierro Louis J.
Published: October 2006

Chick embryos containing 11 to 13 somites were cultured for 48 hours on media containing various amounts of the antibiotic actinomycin D. Morphological observations as well as quantitative determinations of protein nitrogen, DNA, and RNA indicate that the antibiotic specifically inhibits the growth and development of the embryonic axis posterior to the 12th somite.
Upper Temperature Limit of Life
Authors: Kempner Ellis S.
Published: October 2006

Samples of microorganisms from the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park have been collected and tested for the ability to utilize radioactive phosphorus. No evidence for growth was found above 73°C.
Retention in Rats: The Effect of Proactive Interference
Authors: Gleitman Henry , Jung Louise
Published: October 2006

Four groups of rats were trained to make a simple spatial discrimination. Two of the groups had previously been trained to make the reverse discriminations, the other two had no prior training. Two groups were tested 1 day after training, while two others were tested 44 days after training. There was no retention loss unless prior interference had been provided.
Precipitins in the Rabbit Produced by Protein Polysaccharide from Bovine Nasal Cartilage
Authors: Di Ferrante Nicola
Published: October 2006

Precipitins have been produced in the rabbit by injecting protein polysaccharide from bovine nasal cartilage in Freund's adjuvant. These antibodies did not precipitate either protein polysaccharides extracted from other species, or the separated protein and carbohydrate moieties of the antigen. It is postulated that the antibodies are directed toward determinants consisting of carbohydrate and amino acid residues linked in three-dimensional arrangements specific for different protein polysaccharides.
Gibberellins: Their Effect on Antheridium Formation in Fern Gametophytes
Authors: Voeller Bruce R.
Published: October 2006

Gametophytes of the fern
Anemia phyllitidis
respond to seven different gibberellins (A
1
, A
3
, A
4
, A
5
, A
7
, A
8
, and A
9
) by forming antheridia. Gibberellin A
7
is active at concentrations as low as 5 × 10
-10
g/ml. Species from two of the three other genera in the family Schizaeaceae respond similarly to gibberellin A
3
. In contrast, nearly 40 species from 7 other families of ferns do not develop antheridia when supplied with gibberellin.
Latitudinal Distribution of Cloud Cover from Tiros III Photographs
Authors: Arking Albert
Published: October 2006

Television pictures from the Tiros III satellite have been analyzed on a computer to give the latitudinal distribution of cloud cover during the summer of 1961. The results, which will be useful in studying the heat balance of the atmosphere and in the determination of vertical motion, show good agreement with the long-term average cloudiness derived from data accumulated during 50 years of ground observations.
Antibody Activity in Six Classes of Human Immunoglobulins
Authors: Fahey John L. , Goodman Howard
Published: October 2006

Antibody activity to thyroglobulin was identified in six classes of immunoglobulins in man, that is, in type I and type II, 6.6
S
γ-globulins; in type I and type II, β
2A
-globulins; and in type I and type II, γ
1
-macroglobulins. These observations indicate that antibody-activity sites are separate from the part of the H chains of immunoglobulin molecules responsible for specific properties of 6.6
S
γ-globulin, β
2A
-globulin, or γ
1M
-globulin, and, also, are separate from the part of L chains responsible for type I or type II characteristics of immunoglobulin molecules.
Parathion Activation by Livers of Aquatic and Terrestrial Vertebrates
Authors: Potter J. L. , O'Brien R. D.
Published: October 2006

Liver slices from seven terrestrial and six aquatic animals studied "activated" parathion, converting it to paraoxon, a potent anticholinesterase. Although there are similarities between the liver systems which activate parathion and which degrade drugs such as aminopyrine and phenacetin, liver slices of aquatic vertebrates can activate parathion but cannot degrade such drugs.
Large Electron Pulses in Hydrocarbons
Authors: Samuel Aryeh H. , Halliday Fred O. , Keast Alfred K. , Taimuty Samuel I.
Published: October 2006

When gamma rays pass through purified, degassed, liquid hydrocarbons held in an electric field, large current pulses are observed, indicating electron multiplication. This seems to indicate that free electrons are stable in these liquids and that their mean free paths may be much greater than had been thought.
Morphology of Microtubules of Plant Cell
Authors: Ledbetter Myron C. , Porter Keith R.
Published: October 2006

The microtubules present in the cortices of plant cells are found to have a wall made up of slender filamentous subunits, probably 13 in number, which have a center-to-center spacing of about 45 angstrom units. Thus the micromorphology of these tubules is similar to that reported for the 9 + 2 fibrils of rat sperm flagella. This structure can be used to account for a primary function of motion attributable to the microtubules.
Volcanic Ash from Mount Mazama (Crater Lake) and from Glacier Peak
Authors: Powers Howard A. , Wilcox Ray E.
Published: October 2006

New petrographic and chemical data indicate that the great Mount Mazama eruption at Crater Lake, Oregon, about 6600 years ago was the source of most ash which has been called "Glacier Peak" and of some ash called "Galata." Glacier Peak volcano in Washington was itself the source of an older ash deposit, perhaps very late glacial or early postglacial in age.
Antibodies to Bradykinin and Angiotensin: A Use of Carbodiimides in Immunology
Authors: Goodfriend Theodore L. , Levine Lawrence , Fasman Gerald D.
Published: October 2006

Antibodies to bradykinin and angiotensin have been produced in rabbits by the use of conjugates containing albumin and the hapten, covalently bound. The use of water-soluble carbodiimide reagents provided an easy and rapid method of synthesis of the antigenic conjugates.
Reaction of Hydrogen with Oxygen Adsorbed on a Platinum Catalyst
Authors: Kohn Harold W. , Boudart Michel
Published: October 2006

The release of hydrogen atoms by a platinum surface in contact with molecular hydrogen occurs if there is oxygen in the system. In particular, it is sufficient that the oxygen be adsorbed at the surface of the metal.
Antibody to Hereditary Human Gamma-Globulin (Gm) Factor Resulting from Maternal-Fetal Incompatibility
Authors: Fudenberg H. H. , Fudenberg Betty Roof
Published: October 2006

Multiple samples of serum from a Gm(a-) female mated to a Gm(a+) male were obtained before, during, and after each of four normal uncomplicated pregnancies and tested for antibody to human gamma globulins of differing genetic types. An agglutinator for the Gm(a) factor first appeared in the mother's serum during the third trimester of the fourth pregnancy. The newborn (male) was genotypically Gm(a+), since his serum contained, in addition to maternal Gm(a-) gamma globulin, small amounts of Gm(a+) gamma globulin.
Homograft Target Cells: Specific Destruction in vitro by Contact Interaction with Immune Macrophages
Authors: Granger Gale A. , Weiser Russell S.
Published: October 2006

Specific adherence and mutual immunologic destruction occurred after contact in vitro of immune peritoneal macrophages from C57B1/6K mice with homograft target cells from A/Jax mice. Cell destruction apparently resulted from a nonphagocytic mechanism involving cell contact rather than humoral antibody. Cell destruction was determined by a plaque technique with either immunecells or target cells as monolayers.
Glacier Geophysics
Authors: Kamb Barclay
Published: October 2006

From physical measurements on glaciers and experimental studies of ice properties a framework of concept and theory is being built which bids fair to place glaciers among the more quantitatively understandable phenomena in the earth sciences. Measurements of flow velocity, deformation and stress, ice thickness and channel configuration, temperature, internal structure of the ice, mass and energy balance, and response to meteorological variables all contribute to this understanding, as do still other measurements hardly discussed here, such as electrical properties, radioactive age measurements, and detailed studies of chemical and isotopic composition. The obvious goals of this work—the interpretation of past and present glacier fluctuations in terms of changes in world climate, and the prediction of glacier behavior—remain elusive, even though a good conceptual groundwork has been laid for dealing with the more tractable aspects of these problems. Intriguing recent discoveries have been made about such matters as the way in which glaciers react dynamically to changing conditions, the inter-relations between thermal regime and ice motion, the structural mechanisms of glacier flow, and the changes produced in ice by flow. One can recognize in these developments the possibility that concepts derived from the study of glacier flow may be applicable to phenomena of solid deformation deep in the earth. In this way glacier geophysics may have a useful impact beyond the study of glaciers themselves.
Nematode-Trapping Fungi: Evaluation of Axenic Healthy and Galled Roots as Trap Inducers
Authors: Iffland Donald W. , Allison Patricia Van Burgh
Published: October 2006

Larvae of
Meloidogyne hapla
Chit. induced abundant trap formation in the predaceous fungus
Arthrobotrys conoides
Drechs. Under similar aseptic conditions, neither healthy roots of
Lycopersicon esculentum
Mill, nor roots parasitized by the root-knot nematode induced traps.
Ash Content: Its Effect on Combustion of Corn Plants
Authors: Broido A. , Nelson Maxine A.
Published: October 2006

Two corn plant samples, one cut in the fall while green, the other after weathering over the winter, exhibited strikingly different combustion properties. The increased susceptibility to flaming combustion of the spring-harvested sample is attributable to its decreased ash content, and not directly to its moisture content.
Vibrational Excitation in Some Four-Center Transition States
Authors: Bauer S. H. , Resler E. L.
Published: October 2006

The rates of substitution of deuterium for hydrogen in homogeneous gas phase reactions between D
2
and HX (X = H, Cl, NH
2
, or HS) were measured at high temperatures by single-pulse shock tube techniques. The magnitudes observed and their dependency on concentration indicate that the rates of exchange are much faster than would be attainable were the deuterium to dissociate and the D atoms to react with HX by atomic displacement to produce H + DX. Also, these rates were not limited by methathesis through four-center transition states generated by sufficiently energetic collisions between the principal reactants. The results are compatible with the assumption that the rates are controlled by the populations of D
2
in about its 6th vibrational energy level.
Endogenous Pyrogen Release from Rabbit Blood Cells Incubated in vitro with Parainfluenza Virus
Authors: Atkins Elisha , Cronin Muriel , Isacson Peter
Published: October 2006

Rabbit blood cells incubated in vitro with purified parainfluenza-5 virus (DA strain) released a rapidly acting pyrogen. Spleen and lymph node cells were inactive. The pyrogen resembled in behavior a pyrogen extracted from granulocytic exudates. Similar cells in the blood are believed to be activated by virus in vivo to produce the circulating endogenous pyrogen that mediates virus-induced fever.
Methylurea and Acetamide: Active Reabsorption by Elasmobranch Renal Tubules
Authors: Schmidt-Nielsen Bodil , Rabinowitz Lawrence
Published: October 2006

The renal tubules of the shark actively reabsorb urea. They also can reabsorb acetamide and methylurea, but there is no evidence for active reabsorption of thiourea. The specificity of the transport system thus appears to be different from the urea secretory system in the frog in which thiourea is secreted but acetamide and methylurea are not secreted.
Ozone: Decomposition by Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Harteck P. , Dondes S. , Thompson B.
Published: October 2006

The decomposition of ozone by ionizing radiation is explained by a negative ion-chain mechanism. That this mechanism may be pertinent is indicated by the results obtained from the irradiation of liquid oxygen and the irradiation of oxygen containing nitrogen.
Brain Tumors (Gliomas) Induced in Hamsters by Bryan's Strain of Rous Sarcoma Virus
Authors: Rabotti Giancarlo F. , Raine Wirtley A. , Sellers Richard L.
Published: October 2006

Gliomas and choroid plexus papillomas were induced by intercerebral inoculation of Rous sarcoma virus, Bryan's strain, in newborn hamsters. Of five pools of virus tested, four were effective when used at high dose.
Feeding Stimulants for the Female House Fly,
Musca domestica
Linnaeus
Authors: Robbins W. E. , Thompson M. J. , Yamamoto R. T. , Shortino T. J.
Published: October 2006

Both casein and yeast hydrolysate contain feeding stimulants for the adult female house fly. Guanosine monophosphate is the major active component in yeast hydrolysate. Several amino acids, including leucine, methionine, lysine, and isoleucine, are also effective feeding stimulants and are presumed to be the active components in the casein hydrolysate. Solution in phosphate buffer is necessary in all instances to obtain maximum activity with the stimulants.
Body Composition and Coat Color Correlation in Different Phenotypes of "Viable Yellow" Mice
Authors: Wolff George L.
Published: October 2006

The "viable yellow" (
A
vy
-) mouse genotype produces phenotypes with "clear yellow," "black spotted," and "agouti" coat color. "Agouti"
A
vy
a mice gain weight at a lower rate and contain significantly less fat and water than "clear" and "spotted"
A
vy
- mice but have similar nonfat dry weights. Between 4 and 28 weeks of age, the length of the tail increases at the same rate in all phenotypes.
Growth Layers on Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate
Authors: Torgesen John L. , Jackson Ronald W.
Published: October 2006

Microscopic observations of growth layers and etch pits on ammonium dihydrogen phosphate crystals reveal screw dislocations on the {100} face generating elliptical spirals that change rapidly but reversibly to rectangular shape when chromium-ion impurity is added. The effects of the impurity on crystal habit are judged to be secondary to changes in the morphology of the growth layers. No sources of growth are observed on the {101} faces; the layers spread inward from the edges and at times are mutually annihilating so that, temporarily, no steps are observed. Similar behavior is recorded for the {101̅1} faces of NaNO
3
.
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy: Application to Proof of Structure of Organic Ketones
Authors: Russell Glen A. , Talaty Erach R.
Published: October 2006

Many ketones containing an α-methylene group can be converted to α-diketone radical anions in dimethyl sulfoxide solution. The resulting radical anions can usually be unambiguously identified by electron spin resonance spectroscopy, and the structure of the starting ketone may be deduced, often without reference to model compounds. The technique is also applicable to α-diketones, α-bromoketones, and α-hydroxyketones.
Gallstones Produced Experimentally by Lithocholic Acid in Rats
Authors: Palmer Robert H.
Published: October 2006

Administration of lithocholic acid (1 percent in the diet) consistently produces choledocholithiasis in 8 weeks in rats on an 8-percent protein diet. The gallstones consist predominantly of the calcium salts of free and glycine-conjugated lithocholic and 3α,6β-dihydroxy-5β-cholanic acids. Conjugation of bile acid with taurine can be enhanced and stone formation can be inhibited by an increase in the dietary protein or by a diet supplemented with taurine.
Explosion of Burning Zirconium Droplets Caused by Nitrogen
Authors: Nelson L. S.
Published: October 2006

Single droplets of zirconium were photographed as they burned luminously in free fall. When the oxidizer was oxygen containing small amounts of nitrogen (less than 5 percent), the burning droplets exploded only when a threshold concentration of nitrogen was exceeded. Explosions also occurred when the zirconium was partially nitrided before being burned in pure oxygen. These experiments prove that the presence of nitrogen can cause the explosion of zirconium droplets burning in oxygen-rich atmospheres.
Auxin Transport, Gibberellin, and Apical Dominance
Authors: Jacobs William P. , Case David B.
Published: October 2006

Substitution of indoleacetic acid plus gibberellic acid for
Pisum
shoot apices restored apical dominance more effectively than indoleacetic acid alone. Studies of translocation, in which carbon-14-labeled indoleacetic acid was used (as determined by paper chromatography and scintillation counting) revealed that gibberellic acid caused more indoleacetic acid to be present and effective far from the site of application.
Tritium and Phosphorus-32 in High-Resolution Autoradiography
Authors: Caro Lucien G. , Schnös Maria
Published: October 2006

The sensitivity of monolayers of Ilford L-4 nuclear emulsion to β
-
-particles is approximately 0.20 grain per particle emitted for H
3
, and 0.025 grain per particle for P
32
. The sensitivity for thick layers is 1.3 grains per tritium β
-
-particle emitted within the emulsion. In electron microscopic autoradiographs the maximum resolution is approximately 0.1 micron for H
3
and 0.3 micron for P
32
.
Geniculate Unit Responses to Sine-Wave Photic Stimulation during Wakefulness and Sleep
Authors: Maffei Lamberto , Moruzzi Giuseppe , Rizzolatti Giacomo
Published: October 2006

The oscillation in firing rate of units of the lateral geniculate body in response to stimulation with sine-wave light was studied in unanesthetized cats with the brainstem sectioned immediately in front of the fifth nerve (pretrigeminal preparation). During wakefulness, as indicated by behavior and by electroencephalograms, the time course of the oscillation in firing rate followed very closely the change in intensity of sine-wave light. During synchronized sleep there was no such relationship.
Photosynthetic Phosphorylation: Stimulation by Pteridines and a Comparison with Phosphodoxin
Authors: Maclean F. I. , Fujita Y. , Forrest H. S. , Myers J.
Published: October 2006

A number of pteridine derivatives stimulate photosynthetic phosphorylation in spinach chloroplasts. In general, tetrahydro or dihydro compounds are highly active, as is one aromatic, naturally occurring compound, biopterin. The physiological characteristics of this photosynthetic phosphorylation are the same as those described for phosphodoxin. A pteridine-containing fraction from spinach, with the same
R
F
value as phosphodoxin, is also active.
Kinetin-Induced Chloroplast Maturation in Cultures of Tobacco Tissue
Authors: Stetler David A. , Laetsch W. M.
Published: October 2006

Cultured tobacco tissue possesses proplastids capable of differentiating into mature chloroplasts. Kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) is a specific requirement for this differentiation; the absence of this compound results in a blockage of the formation of grana. The possibility that kinetin exerts a direct effect upon chloroplast differentiation is considered.
Specialized Role for a Murine Class I-b MHC Molecule in Prokaryotic Host Defenses
Authors: Kurlander Roger J. , Shawar Said M. , Brown Melinda L. , Rich Robert R.
Published: October 2006

Although nonclassical (class I-b) gene products represent the majority of murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, the role of these relatively nonpolymorphic molecules remains uncertain. Recently, one such protein, H-2M3 (formerly designated Hmt), was shown to bind and specifically present
N
-formylated peptides to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Because
N
-formylation is characteristic of prokaryotic proteins, this MHC molecule may be especially adapted for a role in the mammalian defense against bacterial attack. The current studies demonstrate that an MHC molecule, indistinguishable from H-2M3, presents antigens derived from the intracellular pathogen
Listeria monocytogenes
to
Listeria
-specific CD8
+
cells.
Catalase: Kinetics of Photooxidation
Authors: Aronoff S.
Published: October 2006

The kinetics of photooxidation of catalase is a four-step consecutive reaction, if each of the four porphyrin moieties acts independently. The rate of enzyme inactivation is a first-order reaction, resulting from destruction of a single porphyrin. The kinetics of absorbancy is more complex, depending upon the absorption probabilities of each of the microspecies. With equal probabilities. the log of the sum of the normalized absorptivities is a linear function of time.
Potassium, Rubidium, Strontium, Thorium, Uranium, and the Ratio of Strontium-87 to Strontium-86 in Oceanic Tholeiitic Basalt
Authors: Tatsumoto M. , Hedge C. E. , Engel A. E. J.
Published: October 2006

The average concentrations of potassium, rubidium, strontium, thorium, and uranium in oceanic tholeiitic basalt are (in parts per million) K, 1400; Rb, 1.2; Sr, 120; Th, 0.2; and U, 0.1. The ratio Sr
87
to Sr
86
is about 0.702, that of K to U is 1.4 × 10
4
, and of Th to U is 1.8. These amounts of K, Th, U, and radiogenic Sr
87
are less than in other common igneous rocks. The ratios of Th to U and Sr
87
to Sr
86
suggest that the source region of the oceanic tholeiites was differentiated from the original mantle material some time in the geologic past.
Titanium Dioxide in Pyroclastic Layers from Volcanoes in the Cascade Range
Authors: Czamanske Gerald K. , Porter Stephen C.
Published: October 2006

Rapid determinations of titanium dioxide have been made by x-ray emission techniques to evaluate the potentiality of using the TiO
2
content of samples for checking field correlations and assisting in identification of pyroclastic units from Cascade volcanoes. Preliminary data suggest that the two most widespread units have characteristic ranges of TiO
2
content and that other, less extensive layers have ranges which, though characteristic, often overlap the ranges of the more widespread layers. Relative to fresh samples, weathered samples from B and C soil horizons are enriched in TiO
2
.
Chromium-51 as a Radioactive Tracer of Columbia River Water at Sea
Authors: Osterberg Charles , Cutshall Norman , Cronin John
Published: October 2006

The plume of the Columbia River was followed 350 kilometers to sea by measurement of its chromium-51 content. This radioactive tag, introduced into the river by nuclear reactors at Hanford, Washington, promises to provide a useful oceanographic tool for determining rates of transport and mixing, and for identifying plume waters in the presence of other sources of fresh water.
Sex Conversion Induced by Hydrostatic Pressure in the Marine Copepod
Tigriopus californicus
Authors: Vacquier Victor D. , Belser William L.
Published: October 2006

High hydrostatic pressure applied to the naupliar larval stages of the marine copepod
Tigriopus californicus
converts some individuals that would have become males into females. The copepodid stages are not sensitive to pressure-induced conversion.
Photoperiodic Induction of Senescence in
Xanthium
Plants
Authors: Krizek Donald T. , McIlrath Wayne J. , Vergara Benito S.
Published: October 2006

Xanthium
plants placed under photoinductive conditions were accelerated in their senescence whether or not the plants had a capacity to produce flowers and fruits. Thus, the role of the mobilization influence of these organs on the senescence of certain monocarpic plants can be questioned.
Earth's Viscosity
Authors: Anderson Don L.
Published: October 2006

Seismic methods are now being used to determine not only Earth's elastic properties, but also by how much it departs from a perfectly elastic body. The seismic anelasticity (
Q
) varies by several orders of magnitude throughout the mantle, the main feature being an extremely dissipative zone in the upper mantle above 400 kilometers. Recent determinations of viscosity by McConnell show a similar trend. The two sets of data indicate that the ratio of viscosity to
Q
is roughly a constant, at least in the upper mantle of Earth. On the assumption that this relation is valid for the rest of Earth, viscosities are estimated in regions that are inaccessible for direct measurement. The implied presence of a low-viscosity zone in the upper mantle, overlying a more viscous, less deformable, lower mantle, reconciles viscosites calculated from the shape of Earth and from postglacial uplift. The mismatch of the deformational characteristics at various levels in Earth, coupled with the changing rate of rotation, may be pertinent to the rate of release of seismic energy as a function of depth.
Free-Ranging Rhesus Monkeys: Age and Sex Differences in Individual Activity Patterns
Authors: Draper William A.
Published: October 2006

Two hundred thirty of the feral rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago were observed individually for postural adjustments, locomotor behavior, manipulation, and other nonsocial activities. Both form and frequency of activity were influenced strongly by age; sex differences were minimal. Most activities decreased with age, but head movements, presumably reflecting visual scanning, were more frequent in adults.