bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sediment transport functions in HEC-RAS 4.0 and their evaluation using data from sediment flushing of Wlingi reservoir - Indonesia
Authors: Sisinggih Dian , Wahyuni Sri , Nugroho Rizhandi , Hidayat Fahmi , Idi Rahman Kurdi
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a study carried out to assess the accuracy of several sediment transport functions commonly applied in HEC-RAS 4.0 against data from the sediment flushing of Wlingi reservoir in 2016. Another aim of this assessment is to evaluate the viability of selected transport equations to simulate riverbed changes during the sediment-flushing event. Thus, the best scenario of sediment flushing could be determined according to their efficiencies. The overall accuracy of the transport function indicated by RMSE values in descending order were those of Laursen-Copeland, Ackers and White, Meyer-Peter and Müller, and Wilcock formulas, when applied to the observed data. The study also indicated that Laursen-Copeland formula had parameters that were commonly well-characterized by the riverbed of Wlingi reservoir. Further, it was suitable to be utilised to assess the achievement of sediment flushing in Wlingi reservoir, while others seem less satisfactory.
Utilization of a pond in East Jakarta for a sustainable urban drainage system model
Authors: Chalid Abdul , Prasetya Bagus
Published: February 2020

High population growth in the area of East Jakarta has led to more construction of settlements, including in several areas of East Jakarta, which includes Jalan Pengantin Ali in Ciracas Sub-District. When very heavy rains fall in the rainy season, this place is often flooded, while in the dry season there is a scarcity of raw water or clean water. This study examines the application of sustainable drainage systems with the technique of making a retention pond as a flood control alternative. The purpose is to hold water runoff during the rainy season so that it does not enter the river directly, and so that some of the collected water could be used to meet the clean water supply needs of the people. The calculation of rainwater potential used the height of the monthly average rainfall. The retention pond capacity was determined by the pool simulation method during the rainy season. The planned flood discharge was calculated using the Nakayasu HSS method. The obtained results indicated a peak discharge value with a return period of 2 years that amounted to 8.84 m3/sec. The planned retention pond area is 6380.94 m2, with a retention pond height of 4 m, a dike slope of 1:1, and the elevation of the overflow base being at an altitude of 38.5 meters above sea level (masl). From the results of the HEC-RAS 5.0.6 software, an optimal overflow width of 2 m was obtained, with an outflow discharge of 4.55 m3/sec and a pond volume of 19530 m3. With the retention pond, flood peak discharge could be reduced by 4.29 m3/sec. This will allow the flood discharge in the rainy season to be reduced and increased clean water needs in the dry season to be met.
Analysis of rainfall depth based on climatology conditions using artificial neural networks
Authors: Dermawan Very , Alfahnie Yuzy
Published: February 2020

The quantity of rain that falls on the earth cannot be known with certainty. Floods and droughts due to a small quantity of rainfall are frequent events in some areas of Indonesia. The depth of rainfall at a certain time can be anticipated with accurate information. Along with rapid advances in technology, the forecasting of patterns of rainfall can be performed by artificial intelligence models, using historical data for the climatological parameters. The aim of this study is to predict rainfall depth based on climatology data. There are three categories of data that were obtained using NeuroSolutions for Excel: monthly, daily and hourly data. The input data are temperature, pressure, duration of sunshine, and humidity. The output data is rainfall depth. Based on the results of running calculations on monthly, daily, and hourly data, it was indicated that monthly, daily, and hourly data have relative errors of 11.49%, 8.49%, and 19.32% respectively.
Multi-reservoirs with inter-reservoir water transfer operation rules
Authors: Iqbal Khairul , Limantara Lily M. , Soetopo Widandi , Andawayanti Ussy
Published: February 2020

Reservoir operation is strongly influenced by water balance conditions in the catchment area. The amount of inflow, reservoir capacity, and water requirements are major factors in creating reservoir operation rules. The purpose of this research is to obtain the extent of the reliability of parallel reservoir operation with simultaneous execution by utilizing water transfer from wet to dry watersheds. Reservoir operation rules were derived by utilizing the storage capacity of the two reservoirs with two spillways and two separate water demands in the downstream parts. The various parameters applied for the operation rules are expected to optimize the operation of the reservoirs.
Drought analysis in Bedadung Watershed based on a Geographical Information System
Authors: Rofiq Kurniawan Ainur , Bisri Mohammad , Suhartanto Ery
Published: February 2020

Reduced water availability toward water needs is an indicator of the occurrence of a drought. Droughts have received greater attention from the Government of Jember Regency in the form of management directions for drought disaster areas. The location of this research is the Bedadung River Watershed, with 13 rain posts located upstream of the Rowotamtu AWLR Station. Drought analysis used the Palmer Drought Severity Index method in the form of an index that informs the level of drought in an area. The results of the study showed that drought with extreme dry classification occurred from June to October with drought index values ranging from -1.820 (June average) to -14.140 (October average). Patrang, Jelbuk, Arjasa and Panti Sub-Districts are areas that have experienced droughts with a duration of 5 months. The Palmer method meteorological drought index and hydrological drought index (value of AWLR Discharge Standardized Box Cox Transformation (Z)) have a unidirectional relationship and a very significant relationship, with the Pearson correlation coefficient being r = 0.905.
Numerical Simulation of Breakwater Layout in Puger Beach Jember Due to Tidal Wave
Authors: A. Royyan Maulana MA , Utami Agung Wiyono Retno , Fery Irawan Januar , Bintang Pratama Munawir , Halik Gusfan , Yunarni Widiarti Wiwik
Published: February 2020

Puger Beach is located in the south Coast of Java Island which is directly facing the Indian Ocean. The ease of the ship to sail is influenced by the conditions of water in the port which caused by tides. The elevation of the crest of a breakwater is determined by the maximum high water level, while the depth of the shipping lane / port is determined by the minimum low water level. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the breakwater performance by analyzing the surface water level and flow velocity caused by tidal wave in Puger Beach using Delft3D-Flow. The bathymetry data obtained from BIG (Geospatial Information Agency of Indonesia) were utilized for the simulations. Tidal observation results from the previous study were used to validate the model. Two scenarios of breakwater layout were simulated. Spatial variation of flow velocities in the highest tide, the minimum ebb, and representative time steps for both cases are presented. It is shown that using the modified layout of breakwater, the flow velocities become smaller and more stable than that of the existing layout. Using breakwater in the right and left hand side of estuary, high velocities are able to be reduced. Based on the flow velocity pattern in five observation points and the water level, it is confirmed the modified breakwater layout of is more effective than that of the existing one.
Determining water price for public water supply from Jatigede Reservoir
Authors: Muldianto Harya , Andawayanti Ussy , Suhartanto Ery , Soetopo Widandi
Published: February 2020

The “user pays” principle is one of the principles of Integrated Water Resource Management. Water price should be set optimally, high enough to complement subsidies, but within the ability of users to pay for the water. This paper discusses the optimization of the water price for public water supply by considering the dominant parameters related to operational costs, government subsidies, and the ability to pay. The study location is the Jatigede reservoir, located in the Province of West Java with an effective reservoir volume of 877 million m3, and supplying public water supply at a rate of 3.5 m3/s. To investigate the feedback loop of the complex system of water price optimization, the system dynamics approach was applied. The study results showed that the water tariff for raw water reaches a numerical balance and can meet the annual operation and maintenance costs by up to 100%. The results of the analysis of the system dynamics model showed that the optimal price for raw water supply is lower than the price of raw water in other river basins.
Determinant study for improvement priorities of irrigation assets (a case study of Kedungrejo irrigation network in Pilangkenceng sub-district, Madiun regency – Indonesia)
Authors: Panji Nugraha Yosua , Wahyuni Sri , Budi Prayogo Tri
Published: February 2020

Irrigation plays an important role for increasing agricultural production in order to achieve national food sovereignty. However, in reality, requests of funding for the purpose of irrigation network management from year to year are not always fulfilled according to needs. As such, to resolve this issue, it is necessary to determine improvement priorities for repairs of irrigation assets so that management may be optimally carried out. The aim of this research is to determine and analyse the improvement priorities of irrigation assets in one of the irrigation areas of Madiun Regency. This study utilized the modified Irrigation Network Performance Evaluation Criteria and Weightings for the year 2018. In addition, statistical tests as the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were utilized, as the obtained data were in the form of rankings. Google Earth and ArcGIS software were utilized to facilitate the understanding of the conditions and management of all the assets. The required data was the inventory of the irrigation network. The results of the study showed that the Kedungrejo Irrigation Network has 10% of irrigation assets in very good condition, 37% in good condition, 49%, in fair condition, and 4% in poor condition. The highest ranking (ranking 1) was for the spillway, while the lowest ranking (ranking 82) was for a bridge.
Analysis of inundation reduction in drainage channels in the coastal area of the City of Palu with environmental insights
Authors: Ismayanti Romadona Irenne , Andawayanti Ussy , Nur Cahya Evi
Published: February 2020

Inundations occur and become problems in the City of Palu. Inundations occur due to outdated drainage systems, high levels of sedimentation, rapid urban development and topography that tends to be flat. The offered alternatives are rehabilitation of existing drainage channels, storage pond equipped with an automatic valve door, rainwater harvesting and gully plugs. Rehabilitation is performed by adjusting drainage depth, with consideration of the shallow groundwater in the area. For rainwater harvesting, the capacity of rain barrels varies from 350-1050 litres, and they are equipped with reservoir wells. With combinations of these alternatives, the inundation reduction effectiveness of catchment area (DTA) 1 is 93.5% and 99.6% for DTA2. Comparing the results to gully plugs, the effectiveness of inundation reduction in DTA1 is 81% and in DTA2 is 98.9%. The Budget Plan for rainwater harvesting varies depending on the capacity of rain barrels, ranging from Rp. 1, 492, 505.00 to Rp. 2, 692, 505.00. Gully plugs also vary in costs from Rp. 556, 000.00 to Rp. 808, 000.00, depending on the size of the gully plug. The first alternative is chosen by the combination of drainage rehabilitation, construction of a storage pond equipped with an automatic valve door, and rainwater harvesting. This is because the reduction effectiveness is greater and the rainwater harvesting maintenance is easier.
NOAA Satellite performance in estimating rainfall over the Island of Lombok
Authors: Saidah Humairo , Saptaningtyas Rini S , Hanifah Lilik , Jaya Negara IDG , Widyanty Desi
Published: February 2020

Rainfall data is the main input data for use in hydrological analysis, especially for planning purposes. Rainfall data is usually obtained from observations through rain stations. However, the availability of rainfall recording stations is sometimes very limited and located far from the project location. Water resource projects often face this obstacle. A technique is needed for estimating rainfall data using rain data from remote sensing through weather satellite data information providers. Since rainfall data from satellites is not the real amount of measured rainfall on the land, the rainfall data from the satellite must still be evaluated as to whether it can be directly used to represent the rainfall data of a region. The aim of this study is to evaluate the validity of NOAA CPC daily total precipitation data by comparing it to measured rainfall data and to analyse the lag time using the cross-correlation method. The results showed that the NOAA data has a lag time of +1 day over Lombok Island. The rain estimated by NOAA positively correlated with gauged rainfall on the next day. However, the performance of the NOAA data was very poor and for prediction purposes, the data still need to be calibrated.
Analysis of erosion and sedimentation in predicting the life time of the Cieunteung Retention Basin
Authors: Septianita Rieva , Yusuf Rakhmat , Mardiani
Published: February 2020

The high rates of erosion and sedimentation as the impacts of changes in land use cause the problem of sedimentation. The aim of this research is to analyse erosion and sedimentation in the Upper Citarum sub-basin, which will impact the life time of the Cieunteung retention basin. The SWAT model was used to simulate the hydrological process and erosion mechanism by using the formula of MUSLE. Based on the results of simulation data, the highest average erosion equalled 1, 094 tons/ha/year in 2013 while the lowest average erosion equalled 71.16 tons/ha/year in 2009. The results of SWAT model calibration in 2008-2018 were R2 = 0.89 and NS = 0.95, which means the model performance is categorized as very good. The simulation results showed the anticipative indicators of watershed disaster, as the erosion hazard index in terms of land cover and the coefficient of river regime in terms of water availability, have a very close relationship and positive correlation with the average of R2 = 0.8. The incoming sediment to the Cieunteung retention basin is 105, 418 ton/year or 72, 551.961 m3/year. By using sediment trap efficiency with a value of 4.37%, this research estimated that the dead storage capacity of 113, 670.3 m3 will be filled with sediments in 35.87 years. Furthermore, the long-term retention basin conservation effort by land terracing can reduce total sediments by 22% to 81, 948 tons in 2018, and thus the life time of the Cieunteung retention basin becomes 46.15 years.
Water management for agriculture development in peatlands
Authors: Budi Triadi L.
Published: February 2020

Peatlands are very vulnerable, and their existence must be maintained as stores of water and carbon stocks. Moreover, due to improper management, peatlands in Indonesia have degraded, resulting in various environmental problems such as fire, flooding, and subsidence. Drainage on peatlands that is not carried out properly causes the peat to dry out and even become vulnerable or flammable. The peat becoming dry on a large scale has the potential to increase subsidence and greenhouse gas emissions (such as CO2), which can contribute to local and global climate change. The management of peatlands in the cultivation area must pay attention to the unity of the peat area (landscape), including the existence of peat domes. The main parameters that need to be taken into account in land and water management in peat land are (1) Drainability Limits, (2) Subsidence, (3) Land Useful Life, (4) Adjacent Ecosystem Linkages, (5) Peatland Externalities, and (6) Priorities and Prevention of Massive and Disastrous Damage. Water management is one of the most important aspects in peatland management, which needs to be performed by water regulation so that the peat soil surface remains wet, preventing it from drought in the dry season and causing fires, and at the same time preventing flood disasters during the rainy season. Efforts to utilize excess water during the rainy season to cover the water deficit in the dry season need to be endeavoured to minimize wasted water.
Seismic Behaviour Modelling of Kualu Dam Under Earthquake Motion
Authors: Nur Cahya Evi , Rochman Taufiq , Marsudi Suwanto
Published: February 2020

As a mass structure, the seismic performance of a specified dam is importantly necessary, especially in the area which earthquake likely occur. The purpose of this study was to determine the critical areas of specified dam under earthquake motion. The dam structure was analyses with shell meshed modelling in empty condition and normal condition (operation term), as well as the seismic analysis under earthquake motion. The dynamic response analysis was carried out using response spectral acceleration under Operating Basis Earthquake (OBE) and Maximum Design Earthquake (MDE) based on earthquake records. According to the analytical results from the dynamic analyses, it was found that the shell structure members of the dam heel in the upstream were having a very large bending moment. The analysis also showed that the shell structure members in the face of downstream slopes were significantly responded the seismic motion in some certain modes. These two areas of the dam have become the critical areas of the dam which needed to be addressed in strength design of the specified dam.
Alternatives of flood control for the Linei river, city of Toboali (a case study of the Rawabangun region)
Authors: Faskal  , Sumiadi  , Primantyo Hendrawan Andre
Published: February 2020

Rawabangun is one of the areas in the City of Toboali in South Bangka Regency that is often flooded. There is a main river that passes through the Rawabangun area, which is the Linei River. The aim of this study is to analyse alternatives that can be used in flood control in Rawabangun. The analysis was carried out with the 5.1 Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and 5-year planned rainfall. There were 9 overflow points found on the channel, and the implementation of flood control is to be carried out with infiltration wells, retention ponds, and channel modification. The application of infiltration wells with a maximum of 1267 units can eliminate 8 overflow points. The application of 3 units of retention ponds with a maximum of 3 units can eliminate 5 overflow points. Changing the channel depth to 4 m can eliminate all overflow points but is not relevant to be applied.
Sediment transport pre-measurement as revealed by the hydrophone monitoring technique at a volcanic river
Authors: Harsanto Puji , Ikhsan Jazaul , Legono Djoko , Pamudji Rahardjo Adam , Tsutsumi Daizo
Published: February 2020

Recognizing the real-time sediment transport phenomena of rivers in the Mt. Merapi area has become an important issue, particularly in the efforts to mitigate risks of lahar flow disasters. The development of a lahar-related monitoring system in the Mt. Merapi area has currently become more challenging since contact and direct lahar flow measurement is very risky. Former techniques for lahar flow occurrences such as cable sensor and video shooting are considered good enough in terms of identifying the occurrence, but not the intensity. Furthermore, after the cable is cut, re-installation often meets its practical limit. The hydrophone measurement technique seems to be an acceptable technique subject to sufficient field calibration. This paper reports the performance of a hydrophone equipment, which can be used for monitoring bedload transport with diameters greater than 4 mm.
Predicting flood hazards area using swat and hec-ras simulation in Bila river, South Sulawesi
Authors: Sholichin Moh , Qadri W.
Published: February 2020

Sidrap Regency is one of the special economic zones in South Sulawesi. It has been growing rapidly from rural land to an industrial city since mid-2005. With the process of urbanization, flooding has become a threat to the security of the city area. In this study, Bila River basin in Sidrap Region was selected to investigate the effect of urbanization on surface runoff and peak discharge. The methodology involved hydrology database building, a detailed Digital Elevation Model (DEM), a land use cover and a soil map of the basin. With all these data, the SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was used to predict discharge values. These discharge values were used, along with the DEM, to predict flood hazard areas in the Bila river basin floodplains. This procedure was made using the HEC-RAS model (Hydrological Engineering Centre-River Analysis System). The results of SWAT Model showed that changes in land use had a significant impact on increasing river discharge. The results of HEC-RAS show that with a planned flood of a return period of 10 years (840 m3/s) can cause flooding on Bila River, because the existing capacity for this river is 412.70 m3/s. The study shows the 2D capability of the new HEC-RAS 5 for flood inundation mapping and management studies.
The analysis of the causes of flood disasters and their impacts in the perspective of environmental law
Authors: Sholihah Qomariyatus , Kuncoro Wahyudi , Wahyuni Sri , Puni Suwandi Sisilia , Dwi Feditasari Elisa
Published: February 2020

Abstrak

The environment is a combination of two things: resources and hazards. One of the hazards that is a result of environmental changes is the occurrence of natural disasters. Floods are one of the disasters that is feared by people in society. Negative impact of floods is the affected quality of raw water in the flooded area. Polluted water will certainly have a negative impact on the health of the human body. From the explanation above, this article analyzes changes in water quality that occur in flood-affected areas. The utilized method is the empirical legal method, by describing the state of the research subject based on existing conditions and in relation to existing legal regulations. The results obtained from this study showed that irresponsible individuals had committed many violations by building factories on the riverbanks. This causes the river water to overflow and damage buildings, dikes, settlements, and so on. The advice that can be given is to give strict sanctions to people who intentionally or unintentionally violate legal regulations, as well as to build cooperation between society and the government to conserve nature and foster self-awareness to preserve the environment.
Scenario of Vegetation Density for an Erosion Prediction Model
Authors: Sudarto  , Montarcih Limantara Lily , Dermawan Very , Suharyanto Agus
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study is to create a scenario for investigating the factors that affect the vegetation density and to design the formulation of vegetation density as one of the factors on the revised universal soil loss equation. The methodology consists of 1) measuring vegetation density in 10 watersheds/sub-watersheds by using satellite imagery and field observation; 2) studying the factors that influence vegetation density based on literature review; 3) determining the dominant factors that influence vegetation density based on statistical analysis; 4) formulating vegetation density based on the statistical analysis results; and 5) validating the formulation of vegetation density using the universal soil loss equation as the control. The result is expected to allow for prediction of the effect of reforestation on decreasing soil erosion.
Potential study of the liquefaction hazard at the reclamation development site of I Gusti Ngurah Rai airport, Nusa Dua region, province of Bali
Authors: Suprijanto Heri , Primantyo Hendrawan Andre , Wayan Bayu Nugraha Antonius
Published: February 2020

I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport is an international airport in the Province of Bali with high traffic. The government of the province encouraged the airport services company to increase the airport’s capacity by expanding the aircraft apron. To initiate this project, land reclamation had been carried out on the west side of the existing apron. However, a sea wall was used for protecting the reclamation area from attack by waves. This case study of the reclamation area is intended to investigate its geotechnical aspect, in which the potential of liquefaction is necessary to be evaluated. The liquefaction is quantified by referring to CPT (cone penetration test) and SPT (standard penetration test) data. Analysis results of the reclamation area at location 1 (CPT testing) and location 2 (SPT testing) showed occurrences of the liquefaction hazard, where the FS (safety factor) was found to be less than 1. This means that soil improvements, such as utilizing a vibro-compaction method, are required. The steps of the vibration method are considered as the simplest method, particularly for compaction of sand material in the reclamation area. The criteria evaluation standard for the compaction is Dr (relative density) of greater than or equal to 70%.
Potentials of sago fibre hydrolysate (SFH) as a sole fermentation media for bioethanol production
Authors: Mohammad S , Awg-Adeni D S , Bujang K B , Vincent M , Baidurah S
Published: February 2020

Sago wastewater which contains starchy fibres from sago starch processing mills is commonly discharged directly to nearby stream thus contribute to serious environmental pollution. Sago fibre which is known to be a local agricultural waste mainly contains residual starch of about (50 – 60 %) together with cellulosic component. These contribute to high carbohydrate contents which suitable to be used as substrate for ethanol production. Initially, sago fibre (SF) was converted into sago fibre hydrolysate (SFH) via enzymatic hydrolysis using commercial enzymes; Liquozyme SC DS and Spirizyme Fuel HS. This study emphasized on batch ethanol fermentation by commercial baker’s yeast utilizing 50 g/L and 80 g/L glucose of SFH as the sole fermentation medium. The results indicate that 50 g/L glucose from SFH media is capable of generating maximum ethanol concentration at 20.33 ± 0.15 g/L, with highest glucose consumption efficiency (97.78 %) during 24 hours of fermentation. Similar concentration of bioethanol was obtained in 50 g/L glucose of commercial glucose (CG) media which is at 20.04 ± 0.06 g/L. However, lower ethanol concentration was obtained in both 80 g/L glucose from SFH (13.32 ± 0.12 g/L) and CG (12.98 ± 0. 04 g/L media), respectively. Addition of yeast extract at 3 g/L into 80 g/L SFH as well as CG significantly improve ethanol fermentability (SFH: 41.04 ± 0.04 g/L and CG: 33.96 ± 0.04 g/L). Based on statistical analyses, 50 g/L glucose of SFH media exhibit the highest ethanol yield (0.42 ± 0.003 g/g) and highest fermentation efficiency (81.35 ± 0.572 %) compared to 80 g/L glucose (0.24 ± 0.008 g/g; 46.65 ± 1.50 %). Conclusively, this study demonstrated that glucose in SFH was metabolized efficiently by commercial baker’s yeast during ethanol fermentation, thus suggesting the capability of SFH to be a feasible and alternative substrate with less expensive nitrogen source for the renewable bioethanol production.
Screening of Medium Constituents for the Cultivation of Scenedesmus dimorphus UTEX 1237 using 2k Factorial Design Approach
Authors: Ravindran B , Kassim M A , Mohamed M S
Published: February 2020

Freshwater microalga, Scenedesmus dimorphus is a beneficial natural resource for producing biofuel and novel bioproducts. S. dimorphus growth greatly depends on physical culture conditions as well as medium constituents. A study was conducted to select the suitable medium components that could promote high biomass production in S. dimorphus UTEX 1237. Screening of growth medium constituents was performed using the two-level factorial design (2k FD) method. S. dimorphus was cultivated in TAPS aquaculture medium employing two types of carbon source (sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid) and three types of nitrogen sources (ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate, and urea). Consequently, medium components that significantly influenced biomass production comprised of acetic acid, ammonium chloride, and urea. Two weeks of S. dimorphus cultivation in shake flask system consisting of 1.5 g/L of acetic acid, 10 g/L of ammonium chloride and 0.4 g/L of urea was found to affect a specific growth rate of 0.0049 h−1 and biomass productivity of 0.05 g/L/day, thus affecting 66.7% improvement over normal TAP formulation.
Anti-diabetic properties of Synsepalum dulcificum and its potential inclusion in functional yogurt
Authors: Fazilah N F , Ariff A B , Khayat M E , Halim M
Published: February 2020

There has been an enormous interest in the development of alternative medicines for type-2 diabetes, specifically screening for phythochemicals with the ability to delay or prevent glucose absorption. The goals of the present study were to provide in vitro evidence for potential inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, followed by inclusion of the extracts of Synsepalum dulcificum in yogurt to enhance the therapeutic properties of the yogurt. The screening results of seed, leaf and pulp of S. dulcificum showed that pulp extracts contained significantly (P<0.05) higher anti-diabetic activities than the other plant parts. More interestingly, S. dulcificum pulp also has stronger anti-diabetic properties than the standard drug, acarbose and hence it was chosen to be incorporated into yogurt. S. dulcificum yogurt had higher (P<0.05) anti-diabetic activities than the plain yogurt throughout the storage period with the highest α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities were shown on day 7 of storage. Therefore, S. dulcificum pulp can be developed as functional factor with anti-diabetic activities in food application.
Fermentation of Dioscorea hispida oligosaccharides as prebiotic potential by lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacterium
Authors: Napisah H , Rosma A
Published: February 2020

Dioscorea hispida oligosaccharides (DHOS) were intended to be used as a synbiotic product. Fermentability of DHOS by lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium was studied. In vitro DHOS fermentations by L. acidophilus FTDC 2131, L. casei ATCC 393, L. casei FTCC 0442, L. plantarum FTCC 0350 and B. bifidum 12 were at 37°C for 24 h. DHOS was the most preferred substrate by L. acidophilus FTDC 2131, L. plantarum FTCC 0350 and B. bifidum 12, whilst, fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin was the best substrate for the growth of L. casei ATCC 393 and L. casei FTCC 0442, respectively. The pH reduction in DHOS fermentation medium was comparable to the commercial FOS suggesting that DHOS was able to enhance the selected bacterial growth and produced organic acids. Fermentation of DHOS by B. bifidum 12 had exhibited the highest prebiotic activity score (+0.713) and produced 30.42 mM lactic, 22.63 mM acetic and 0.71 mM propionic acids. The incorporation of DHOS in the medium culture of the selected bacteria was able to enhance the bacterial growth, reduce the pH medium, produce substantial amount of lactic, acetic and propionic acids, and exhibit positive prebiotic activity score.
A study on design improvement for tank photobioreactor
Authors: Lee M W , Abu Mansor M S , Serri N A
Published: February 2020

This study aims to design an improved photobioreactor from the current conventional approached in cultivating microalgae in lab scale using conical flask and glass tanks. In order to design a photobioreactor, thus the study required to investigate parameters that important affecting the cultivation process of the microalgae. The study also applied several techniques and knowledge of product design during the designing process for the photobioreactor. It is also important to consider the present product to be used for the industrial scale in future, therefore the techniques for product design must be applied. The techniques used are such as data collection of customer needs, concept generation, concept screening, concept selection and others knowledge also have been used. Finally, the developed photobioreactor was validated by cultivating 4 litre of Chlorella sp. within 10 days in MLA medium at pH 10. The highest cell concentration achieved at 0.33 g/l after 4 days of cultivation.
Extraction and Characterization of Starch from Microalgae and Comparison with Commercial Corn Starch
Authors: Ramli R N , Lee C K , Kassim M A
Published: February 2020

Starch is the main component that consumed one third in the human diet. One-third of starch produced in the world is used in non-food application such as rubbers production and plastic. Plastic produced from starch which called as bio-plastic is biodegradable and helps in reducing the world pollution which non-degradable plastic now endanger the ecosystem either land or water. Microalgal the easy growing and environmental friendly have opened new potential of revolution for starch-based bio-plastic. The small granules of starch produced from microalgae possess an advantage to replace the starch from food-based, as the small granules able to yield a good quality of bio-plastic. In this study, marine microalgae had been studied for its starch content and could reach up to 19% of total starch content. However, in order to ensure the starch produced from marine microalgae is suitable for bio-plastic application, the characteristics of starch had been studied based on the size of starch granules, amylose/amylopectine content, swelling power and solubility and turbidity. These analyses were done with a comparison of corn starch that used widely in the production of bio-plastic. Hence, by determining these crucial characteristics, the application of starch from microalgae could be expended to various sustainable products.
Sugars from sago frond as prebiotic substrate to enhance the growth of Lactococcus lactis IO-1 and production of L-lactic acid.
Authors: Ahmad M N , Bujang K B , Adeni D S A , Lananan F
Published: February 2020

Sago palm is often discredited for exhibiting long maturity period and barrenness of pre-harvest products, which restrain its potentials as an alternative and eternal starch provider. The use of sago fronds to produce prebiotic and fermentable sugars from pruned palms and fronds discarded upon harvesting is a possible enterprise to provide income for the cash-strapped sago farmers while waiting for the sago trunks to be harvestable. Dried sago frond powder coupled with the cellulolytic enzyme and incubated for 48 hours, producing a maximum recovery of cellobiose at 25%. This is of great advantage in reducing the cost of large-scale processes since the yield and productivity from SFS is comparable to the Standard Medium and SFS amended with yeast extract at 0.85g/g and 85%, respectively. Meanwhile, the composition of cellobiose as main sugar component increase the viability of the Lactococcus lactis I0-1 by prolong the lifespan of the cell by perform as slow release carbon source, in fact, cellobiose was protected by β (1-4) glycosidic bond made it consumable to specific probiotic in human digestive system conceive that cellobiose as potential prebiotic component for human. Clearly, the use of sago frond is highly economical and sustainable as the raw material for the manufacturing of fermentable sugars and subsequently as the sustainable substrate for large-scale production of L-lactic acid.
Fructose stearate esterify in packed bed reactor using immobilized lipase.
Authors: Shahrin N A , Yong G G , Serri N A
Published: February 2020

The enzymatic esterification of sugar-fatty acid ester to produce bio-based surfactants or emulsifiers has been recognized as an alternative way to the chemical synthesis due to its environmentally friendly reaction. Therefore, present study aimed to employ an optimal procedure for the continuous synthesis of fructose stearate by using immobilised Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) in a packed-bed reactor. Briefly, lipase immobilization on chicken eggshells was conducted and characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Subsequently, the screening of enzyme loading was performed. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the temperature, flow rate and substrate molar ratio. The immobilisation efficiency on eggshells was 63.64%. After immobilization, the BET surface area, total pore volume and pore diameter of the eggshells were reduced to 1.0714 m2/g, 1.003 x 10−3 cm3/g and 3.7449 nm, respectively. Furthermore, both BET analysis before and after immobilization revealed that the pore structures of eggshells were classified as Type II isotherm. From preliminary study, enzyme loading of 1.5 g immobilized lipase was selected as the optimum enzyme loading. The quadratic model in RSM analysis was validated to predict the optimum conditions. A maximum of fructose stearate concentration as high as 7.252 x 10−1 mol/L obtained at a better condition of 37.47°C under a flow rate of 0.074 ml/min and 2.82:1 substrate molar ratio of fructose to stearic acid. This work has pronounced the eggshell is as a potential carrier for RML immobilization with ability to be used in packed bed reactor to synthesis fructose stearate.
Effect of Heat Input Parameters on Molten Pool Size during Selective Laser Melting of Ti-6Al-4V Powder Through Numerical Simulation
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wu Kaiqi , Yang Qiyun , Ni Xiaoqing , Wang Tao , Wu Wenheng , Lu Lin
Published: February 2020

Numerical simulations were proposed to research the influence of heat input parameters on the melting pool dimension and temperature field distribution during the selective laser melting process of Ti-6Al-4V powder. Firstly, temperature field results demonstrate that in the same powder layer, the center part of the sample will experience three more obvious heating processes under the irradiation of laser. Secondly, a good exponential function relationship is found between the melting pool dimension and volume energy density. Finally, based on the melting pool dimension from our numerical simulations, two full-process energy prediction diagrams are drawn to predict hatch spacing and powder layer thickness of SLM Ti-6Al-4V powder, consistent with the experimental results.
Study on the Effect of Galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) in Relieving Constipation and Defecating Feces Excretion
Authors: Wang Jin , Tsai Ping-Ju , Chen Pei-Hsuan , Ye Manxiang , Cao Hua , Guo Jiao , Su Zhengquan
Published: February 2020

To explore the role of Galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) in preventing constipation and promoting excretion of feces. The high, medium and low doses of GOS-1000-S (8.8g/kg, 4.4g/kg, 2.2g/kg) were administered orally to constipation mice for 7 days, and then we measured the propulsive rate of intestines, first defecation time, the number of feces particle and fecal weight in 5 hours. The results showed that GOS-1000-S can significantly promote the small bowel propulsion, shorten the first defecation time and increase the fecal weight number of fecal particle of constipation mice. These indicate that GOS has the effect of relieving constipation and defecating feces excretion. This study provided a basis for the development of GOS with constipation-relieving functions as a health supplement.
Preparation of PBS and CaCO3 Composite Degradable Materials based on Melt Blending
Authors: Xiong Ligui , Tu Zhigang , Zhang Shangxian , Liu Xiaoyuan , Peng Xingni
Published: February 2020

Poly (butylene succinate)(PBS)/Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) composite were prepared by melt blending, and studied the effect of different coupling agents, PBS and CaCO3 mass ratio and coupling agent for composite. The results showed that aluminum acid coupling agent for the properties of composite materials improved the most obviously effect; with CaCO3 content increased, the degradation properties and tensile strength of composite materials rose, the impact strength and elongation at break decreased. With aluminum acid content increased, the tensile propeties and impact strength increased and then stabilization but no influence on degradation. When the PBS and CaCO3 mass ratio was 7:3, the coupling agent in an amount of 1.5%, the performance of PBS/CaCO3composite was better, meeting the basic requirements. Compared with pure PBS, it reduced the cost of nearly 30%, and application further.
Cause Analysis of Type IV Cracking of Main Steam Pipe of Ultra Supercritical Unit
Authors: Xu Yao , Yin Shaohua , Tang Chunpo , Zhou Long
Published: February 2020

In order to explore the cause of cracking of the main steam pipe of an ultra-supercritical unit, A series of corresponding physical and chemical tests for crack failure pipelines. Including chemical composition analysis, room temperature tensile test, high temperature tensile test, impact test, bending test of HAZ(Heat Affected Zone)and base metal, it’s also including metallographic observation and section scanning electron microscopy analysis of crack tip, overall force analysis of pipeline, etc. The results show: Failure crack has obvious characteristics of crack type IV. for example, a large number of creep holes appear in the fine-grained region of the HAZ, Creep holes accumulate, grow up, and form microcracks. In addition, the stress analysis shows that the outer arc side of the pipe is subjected to large tensile stress. In conclusion, the pipe cracking failure is caused by the combination of tensile stress and type IV crack.
Structural Response Analysis of Nonlinear Pavement Based on Granular Material
Authors: Zhang Longwei , Wang Chunlei , Dong Xupeng , Zhang Xiaochun
Published: February 2020

For containing gravel layer structure of flexible asphalt concrete pavement structure, the response laws of gravel pavement structure under elastic and nonlinear were comparatively analyzed through the UMAT subroutine programming and FEM. The results show that when considering the nonlinearity of gravel base, the tensile stress and vertical stress of base layer in pavement structure are quite different from linearity condition. With the increase of the load, the tensile stress of the base layer increases nonlinearly, and is less than that of the elastic gravel material under heavy load. Considering the non-linear condition of gravel, the vertical stress of pavement structure increases and mainly occurs in the gravel base.
Study on Temperature Recognition of Thermal Paint Based on Color Camera
Authors: Hu Ziqiang , Liao Ningfang
Published: February 2020

As a temperature-sensing material, the thermal paint will show different colors at different temperatures, so the temperature of the thermal paint can be judged by observing the color. It is an efficient way to identify the color of the thermal paint by the color image, so the calibration of the color camera is very important. The main work of this paper is to calibrate a color industrial camera and compare our proposed method with several commonly used methods. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed method combining BP neural network and maximum entropy estimation works best.
Preparation of MnO2/Attapulgite Composites for adsorption of Ni(II)
Authors: Zhang Jianli , Yu Yuan , Liang Weidong
Published: February 2020

The emission of nickel ion has caused serious environmental pollution. Compared other techniques, adsorption has been used effectively to remove heavy metal ions. Attapulgite in Linze, a county of China, has low purity grade and poor adsorption performance. In order to improve the performance, a composite manganese dioxide/Attapulgite was prepared using simple stir. The effect of ATP-M on the adsorption researched of Ni2+ was investigated. The experimental results showed that adsorption capacity was related to the initial concentration pH and the dosage of adsorbents. ATP-M can reach max adsorption capacity to 63.69 mg/g under neutral conditions. The adsorption process was in line with pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the adsorption process was monolayer adsorption, which was more agreed with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. Adsorption process was spontaneous with heat generation.
Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment of Dianchi Lake Basin Based on Land Use Change
Authors: Lin Zhiqiang , Peng Shuangyun , Pu Shaojian , Ma Xiaoliang , Zhou Yanlian
Published: February 2020

In order to explore the impact of land use type change on landscape ecological risk, this paper uses Landsat remote sensing image of Dianchi Lake Basin in 2003-2018 as the basis data to interpret its land use type by ENVI, and combines ArcGIS and Fragstats4.2 according to landscape ecology theory. The various landscape ecological indices were calculated, and the spatial pattern and process characteristics of landscape ecological risk in Dianchi Lake Basin from 2003 to 2018 were analyzed. The results show that: (1) The landscape pattern of Dianchi Lake Basin has changed significantly in 2003-2018. (2) The landscape ecological risk level has a gradually increasing trend, that is, the proportion of the medium risk area to the high-risk area is relatively large. (3) From the perspective of spatial distribution, the overall risk distribution of Dianchi Lake Basin has an increasing trend from Dianchi Lake to Dianchi Lake.
A Comparative Study of Toll Collection Systems between Philippines and Taiwan
Authors: Huang Chiao Ven , Teaño Mary Chanille , Wee Hui Ming
Published: February 2020

The paper focuses on transportation, an important economic activity among the components of a business logistics system. The objective of the paper is to compare the existing toll collection systems between a developing and a developed country to get some insights on transportation improvement. The study was undertaken to assist transportation planners, operators, investors, managers, and other related professionals in the field. The latest technologies in transportation, management and infrastructure can provide better logistics efficiency. The paper concludes that Taiwan’s electronic toll collection system can solve the existing vehicular traffic flow problem in the Philippines.
Effect of Nozzle Structure Parameters on Steady Emission Characteristics in an Opposed-Piston Two-Stroke Diesel Engine
Authors: Wang Shangxue , Zhang Zhijun , Dong Jiangfeng , Xu Wenyan
Published: February 2020

According to 8-Mode cycle of measurement methods for non-road diesel engine of China III from GB20891-2014, the effects of the injection parameters on steady emission characteristics were researched on an opposed-piston two-stroke(OP2S) diesel engine. Test results show that nozzle-tip-protrusion(NTP) can’t make a big influence on emission characteristics, but all of the CO, NOx and PM emissions decrease obviously with the increase of injector hole diameter. Moreover, there exists an optimal nozzle hole cone angle, which can lead to a least composite rate emission. Compared with the original engine, the gross emissions of NOx and HC decrease approximately by 17.2% for improved OP2S engine after nozzle parameters optimization matching, and the improved OP2S engine is able to meet non-road diesel engine of China III emission requirement.