bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ZBB, MBO, PPB and their effectiveness within the planning/marketing process
Authors: Duffy Michael F.
Published: June 2007

Substantial attention has recently been focused on the reported failures of zero‐base budgeting (ZBB), management by objectives (MBO), and planning, programming, and budgeting (PPB) as management techniques for corporations as well as governmental agencies. This writer has determined that these failures occur because the ZBB, MBO, and PPB techniques are used in lieu of an integrated planning/marketing process and fail to recognize the process or the limitations and scope of these techniques. The techniques can and do work well where they are treated as part of, rather than as a substitute for, the planning/marketing process, and are modified to function efficiently within the process. All elements of the planning/marketing process must be given a fair share of attention if the profit or non‐profit enterprise is to succeed.
Strategy over the business cycle
Authors: Mascarenhas Briance , Aaker David A.
Published: June 2007

This article develops an analytical and empirical framework for examining strategy over the business cycle. Firms were observed to adjust their strategies significantly and asymmetrically over business cycle stages. There was no consistency in performance between up markets and down markets. A variable‐parameter profitability model of strategy in a cyclical industry suggested the importance of a strategy's contemporaneous and inter‐temporal relationships with performance. Discrepancies were observed between actual strategies and optimal strategies over business cycle stages.
Key success factors: Test of a general theory in the mature industrial‐product sector
Authors: De Vasconcellos E Sá Jorge Alberto Sousa , Hambrick Donald C.
Published: June 2007

This study tests the suppositions that (1) industries differ in their key success factors, and (2) firms whose strengths match those factors will perform well. A typology of mature industrial‐product industries, classified according to their core technology and transaction complexity, allows very strong prediction of key success factors in differing contexts. The ratings of key success factors by expert panels in six industries were in extremely close agreement with the hypotheses. Another set of expert panels in the six industries provided additional data which strongly indicated that firm profitability depends on having strengths that match the industry'S particular key success factors.
Delineating a forum for business policy scholars
Authors: Macmillan Ian C.
Published: June 2007

This note is a follow‐up on one published in 1987. A sample of tenured business policy scholars, with significant track records in publishing, rated key management journals with respect to their appropriateness as outlets for scholarly research in the business policy field. The results of the survey are reported.
Determinants of firm performance: The relative importance of economic and organizational factors
Authors: Hansen Gary S. , Wernerfelt Birger
Published: June 2007

We decompose the inter‐firm variance in profit rates into economic and organizational components. Using a representative model from each paradigm we find that both sets of factors are significant determinants of firm performance. Further findings are that the two effects are roughly independent and that organizational factors explain about twice as much variance in profit rates as economic factors.
Operationalizing strategic planning
Authors: Reid David M.
Published: June 2007

This article reports on a study which had the purpose of probing the reality of strategic planning, of highlighting some of its shortcomings then contrasting that reality with the literature‐based constructs which are taught in business schools worldwide. In this way it is shown that the benefits of strategic planning are not realized unless the process is totally integrated with current operations. This study shows that only rarely is strategic planning a live process within companies. However, to make an improvement is extremely difficult because frequently the commitment and energy does not exist in companies. As a result, many companies are failing to benefit from their strategic planning efforts and are thus failing to establish appropriate long‐term corporate positionings.
The impact of corporate size and strategy on competitive pricing
Authors: Tellis Gerald J.
Published: June 2007

Larger firms are often hypothesized to have higher prices than smaller competitors because of their market power or implicit collusion on prices. Advertising is often suggested as another cause of price elevation due to its ability to differentiate products of equivalent or inferior quality. This study examines the effect of these and other factors on prices in the major home appliance industry. The most interesting result is the strong corporate effect on prices, which permeates pricing strategies across categories, models and time. Contrary to the hypotheses listed above, larger corporations have lower prices, and advertised products are not higher priced. Strategic and policy implications are discussed.
Strategic groups and performance: The U.S. insurance industry, 1970–84
Authors: Fiegenbaum Avi , Thomas Howard
Published: June 2007

The concept of strategic groups has been accepted as an important unit of analysis in understanding competitive strategy (Porter, 1980; McGee and Thomas, 1986; Hatten and Hatten, 1987). This study builds upon previous research (Hatten et al., 1978; McGee and
Thomas, 1986; Harrigan, 1985; Cool, 1985; Cool and Schendel, 1987, 1988) and provides
a general framework for the formation of strategic groups based upon important aspects of firm strategy. This framework is applied to the insurance industry over the 1970–84 time period and strategic implications are drawn. The empirical findings demonstrate that some performance differences exist among strategic groups, and also indicate that the structure of strategic groups (both in terms of the number, and the membership) changes over time. The use of this framework for understanding competitive positioning and developing dynamic theories of strategic group movement is also discussed.
The development of strategic management: Journal quality and article impact
Authors: Franke Richard H. , Edlund Timothy W. , Oster Frederick
Published: June 2007

Quality ratings of strategic management journals by experts correlate closely with objective quality measures of current article impact and cumulative journal influence. In part, journal quality seems determined by editors' research stature. Over 12 years, scholarly influence of strategic management periodicals has grown nearly three‐fold, as two new journals directed to conceptual development of management as a whole have risen to prominence. Expansion of strategic management research and growth of its influence may be in response to challenges posed by the continuing crisis of managerial and business performance.
Strategic marketing variables under conditions of competitive bidding
Authors: Slatter Stuart S T. P.
Published: June 2007

Firms that obtain orders through frequent competitive bidding often fail to realize that the analysis required for making strategic marketing decisions is quite different from that for firms where competitive bidding is absent. This article presents a conceptual framework, the bidding pyramid, for understanding the interrelationships between the six major internal variables that management should adjust if optimal performance is to be achieved. The framework has been derived as the result of research undertaken in the U.K. construction industry.
An investigation of the relationship between board composition and stockholder suits
Authors: Kesner Idalene F. , Johnson Roy B.
Published: June 2007

In recent years lawsuits against corporate directors have increased dramatically. Moreover, many critics feel that with current shifts toward greater insider representation, the number will rise still more. This study examines the relationship between board composition and shareholder suits. The results indicate that, when compared to a control group, boards sued for failing to maintain their fiduciary responsibilities tended to have a greater proportion of inside directors. There was, however, no significant relationship between composition and suit outcomes.
Stock market reaction to strategic investment decisions
Authors: Woolridge J. Randall , Snow Charles C.
Published: June 2007

This study examines the stock market's reaction to public announcements of corporate strategic investment decisions. It includes a wide variety of strategic decisions: formation of joint ventures, research and development projects, major capital expenditures, and diversification into new products and/or markets. Three alternative hypotheses concerning the stock market's reaction to announcements of these decisions are tested. The Shareholder Value Maximization hypothesis predicts a positive reaction to corporate investments because the stock market rewards managers for developing strategies that increase shareholder wealth. The Rational Expectations hypothesis predicts no stock price reaction because investors expect managers to undertake periodic investments in order to maintain their firms' competitive fitness. The Institutional Investors hypothesis predicts a negative reaction to announcements of corporate investments. The U.S. capital markets are dominated by institutional investors who, in pursuit of superior quarterly performance, may disdain longterm investments because they reduce short‐term earnings. Analysis of 767 strategic investment decisions announced by 248 companies in 102 industries indicates that the stock market's reaction to strategic investments conforms most closely to the predictions of the Shareholder Value Maximization hypothesis. This overall finding holds for investments of varying size and duration. The implications of a positive reaction by the stock market to investment announcements are drawn for corporate strategy research and management practice.
The combined diversification breadth and mode dimensions and the performance of large diversified firms
Authors: Simmonds Paul G.
Published: June 2007

This paper examines the impact of the symbiotic relationship between diversification breadth and mode on firm performance. Seventy‐three Fortune 500 firms were classified by diversification breadth (related/unrelated) and mode (internal/external) and their performance during the period 1975–84 analyzed on four financial performance measures. The two related categories (related‐internal/related‐external) were generally higher performers than the two unrelated categories (unrelated‐internal/unrelated‐external) as hypothesized, but the differences were not significant on most performance measures. The unrelated‐external category appears to be the worst performer, which presents a dilema since this strategy has dominated the conglomerate movement.
R&D spending, domestic competition, and export performance of Japanese manufacturing firms
Authors: Ito Kiyohiko , Pucik Vladimir
Published: June 2007

This paper examines three factors influencing the export performances of Japanese manufacturing firms: R&D spending, domestic competitive position, and firm size. Export sales are positively associated with (1) R&D expenditures, (2) size of a firm, and (3) average R&D intensity of an industry. A firm's export ratio is related to the size of the firm, but not to the firm's and the industry's R&D intensities. Follower firms are characterized by higher export ratios than market leaders. The results indicate a relationship between the patterns of domestic competition and the international competitiveness of Japanese firms.
Top management team turnover as an adaptation mechanism: The role of the environment
Authors: Wiersema Margarethe F. , Bantel Karen A.
Published: June 2007

Based on an organizational adaptation framework, this study examines the influence of three environmental dimensions–munificence, stability, and complexity–on top management team turnover. In addition to investigating the direct influence of these environmental dimensions, indirect effects through firm performance and strategic change are also examined; the indirect effect of environmental complexity through demographic heterogeneity is also studied. Path analysis indicates that the direct effects of the three environmental dimensions predominate. Indirect effects were nonsignificant except for the effect of instability and munificence through strategic change. By expanding the team turnover context to include environmental and strategic dimensions, in addition to previously examined performance and heterogeneity factors, this study enhances our understanding of managerial turnover as a form of organizational adaptation.
Relating strategy and structure to flexible automation: A test of fit and performance implications
Authors: Parthasarthy Raghavan , Sethi S. Prakash
Published: June 2007

This study analyzed various strategy and structure choices to determine their fit relationship with flexible automation (FA). 1Using the moderator hypothesis, we proposed that the more strategy and structure choices complemented FA's competences, the higher would be the performance impact of FA. Data from 87 FA users indicate that quality and flexibility strategies, described as complementary to FA's strengths, interact positively with FA. Low cost strategy, described as conflicting with FA, interacts negatively. Organic structure, viewed as complementary to FA, has only main effects whereas a mechanistic structure interacts negatively. At the manufacturing level, skill diversity and team approaches, considered as complementary to FA, interact positively. While a subgroup analysis of high‐low performers lends additional support to these relationships, analysis of industry subgroups indicates that some relationships are industry specific. We discuss the implications of these findings for research and practice.
Foreign entrant survival and foreign market share: Canadian companies' experience in united states medical sector markets
Authors: Mitchell Will , Shaver J. Myles , Yeung Bernard
Published: June 2007

We show that successful foreign market entry is related to the extent of foreign presence in an industry at the time of entry. Survival of 31 Canadian‐based businesses that entered 24 U.S. medical sector markets between 1968 and 1989 tended to be somewhat longer in product markets in which foreign‐based businesses held a moderate market share when the Canadian businesses entered than in low and high foreign share product markets. The result controls several other industry and business‐level factors, including industry concentration, entry year, corporate size, related diversification, entry mode, and service sector status.
A note on international market leaders and networks of strategic technology partnering
Authors: Hagedoorn John
Published: June 2007

Interfirm partnering has become a familiar aspect of corporate behavior as it is found in a large number of industries with many Companies participating in strategic alliances. This paper focuses on questions that are related to market structural issues of this phenomenon in an international context. It raises the question whether alliances establish stable networks of firms, and whether market leading firms dominate the world of strategic partnering. Our contribution stresses the need for a further understanding of cooperative behavior in terms of the increase of corporate flexibility and the extension of core competences of companies.
A classification system for selective intrauterine growth restriction in monochorionic pregnancies according to umbilical artery Doppler flow in the smaller twin
Authors: Gratacós E. , Lewi L. , Muñoz B. , Acosta‐Rojas R. , Hernandez‐Andrade E. , Martinez J. M. , Carreras E. , Deprest J.
Published: June 2007

Objectives

To evaluate a classification of selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) in monochorionic (MC) twins based on the characteristics of umbilical artery (UA) Doppler flow in the smaller twin, in terms of association with clinical outcome and with the pattern of placental anastomoses.

Methods

One hundred and thirty‐four MC twins diagnosed with sIUGR at 18–26 weeks were classified as Type I (UA Doppler with positive diastolic flow, n = 39), Type II (persistent absent or reversed end‐diastolic flow, n = 30) and Type III (intermittent absent or reversed end‐diastolic flow, n = 65). Perinatal outcome, placental sharing and the pattern of anastomoses were compared with those in 76 uncomplicated MC twins.

Results

Mean gestational age at delivery was 35.5 (range, 30–38) weeks in controls, 35.4 (range, 16–38) weeks in Type I, 30.7 (range, 27–40) weeks in Type II (P < 0.0001) and 31.6 (range, 23–39) weeks in Type III (P < 0.0001) pregnancies. Fetal weight discordance was significantly higher in Type II (38%) and Type III (36%) than in Type I (29%) (P < 0.0001) pregnancies. Deterioration of the growth‐restricted fetus occurred in 90% of Type II cases, compared with 0% and 10.8% of Types I and III, respectively (P < 0.001). Unexpected intrauterine fetal death of the smaller twin occurred in 15.4% of Type III cases, compared with 2.6% and 0% of Types I and II respectively (P < 0.05). Parenchymal brain lesions in the larger twin were observed in 19.7% of Type III cases and less than 5% in the other groups (P < 0.05). Placental discordance (larger/smaller) was 1.3 in controls, compared with 1.8, 2.6 and 4.4 in Types I, II and III, respectively (P < 0.01). The proportion of cases with arterioarterial anastomoses > 2 mm in diameter was 55% in controls, 70% in Type I, 18% in Type II (P < 0.01) and 98% in Type III (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

sIUGR can be classified on the basis of umbilical artery Doppler into three types that correlate with different clinical behavior and different patterns of placental anastomoses. This classification may be of help in clinical decision‐making and when comparing clinical studies. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crisis hospitalization in a psychiatric emergency service
Authors: Breslow Richard E. , Klinger Burton I. , Erickson Bonnie J.
Published: June 2007

Crisis hospitalization has both an affirmative rationale in the community movement and a secondary rationale of cost containment. Brief hospitalization within the psychiatric emergency service offers intensive treatment and a rapid return to the community for the patient and is cost‐effective for the mental health system.
The lodge as a community volunteer activity
Authors: Kiepke Clare
Published: June 2007

Beyond the family atmosphere it provides, there are other reasons for a community Lodge. One of the most important is its problem‐solving flexibility.
Drug therapy for anxiety
Authors: Muñoz Rodrigo A.
Published: June 2007

Somatic therapies have enhanced and improved the treatment of anxiety disorders. Their use requires attention of a number of factors discussed in this chapter.
The chronic psychiatric patient as a “difficult” patient: A conceptual analysis
Authors: Bachrach Leona L. , Talbott John A. , Meyerson Arthur T.
Published: June 2007

In frankly focusing on the difficult patient qua patient, this chapter examines sociological and clinical correlates of a psychiatric treatment paradox: that the psychiatric service system often inappropriately serves or even fails to reach these patients who are typically desperately in need of care.
Out of the streets and into the subculture: Psychiatry's problem from a patient's perspective
Authors: Sharp Mary Louise
Published: June 2007

Consider the glowing opportunity of allowing people to think for themselves.
Mental health policy in post‐world war II America
Authors: Grob Gerald N.
Published: June 2007

Between 1940 and 1963 mental health policy in the United States underwent a fundamental change as the legitimacy of institutional care was undermined by individuals and groups committed to an environmentalist psychodynamic psychiatry and to community‐oriented programs.
Services organization and quality of life among the seriously mentally ill
Authors: Rosenfield Sarah
Published: June 2007

Deinstitutionalization cannot improve the quality of life of chronic mental patients unless mental health services meet important needs, from basic subsistence to psychiatric treatment and a regimen of activities. When properly organized, services can also encourage social support, a sense of mastery, self‐esteem, coping skills, and incentives for treatment.
New directions for clinical case management
Authors: Harris Maxine
Published: June 2007

Although the basic tenets of clinical case management remain valid, experiential data now dictate that we consider refinements in, and modifications and additions to, the concept of case management.
Recent developments in antitrust: Challenges to medical autonomy
Authors: Miller Robert D.
Published: June 2007

The use of credentialing as a method for controlling access to hospital medical staff appointments has come under increasing attack by those denied privileges because of the economic implications of such denial.
A multivariate analysis of health law education in American Medical Schools
Authors: Harry Bruce , Felthous Alan R. , Miller Robert D.
Published: June 2007

With the growing impact of legal regulation of clinical practice, students of medicine and other clinical specialties need to know how these developing legal concepts apply to their future practices.
The growth of supported employment from horticulture therapy in the veterans' garden
Authors: Vaccaro Jerome V. , Cousino Ida , Vatcher Robert
Published: June 2007

While institution‐bound programs in horticulture therapy were appropriate for the era in which long‐term hospitalization was the primary mode of psychiatric treatment, the supported employment paradigm updates this mode of treatment for the current era of community psychiatry.
Bipolar disorder
Authors: Strober Michael
Published: June 2007

The etiology of bipolar disorder (BD) has a complex genetic component; juvenile‐ and adolescent‐onset BD may be expressing the most genotypically severe form of the illness.
Evaluation and care of the dementia patient
Authors: Nardozzi Lawrence J.
Published: June 2007

Dementia is the result of a variety of factors that produce cognitive decline. While no cure exists for the majority of cases, treatment is available, and optimism for the future is reasonable.
Community support system for mentally disabled people: Public health and mental health centers in kanagawa prefecture
Authors: Sukegawa Yukio
Published: June 2007

Community mental health activities were started in 1965 as a first step in establishing community‐based supportive programming in Japan. However, it took another twenty‐five years to produce practical results, and many national and international actions influencing its development were taken during this period.
The village of the hermit crab
Authors: Yanaka Teruo
Published: June 2007

This chapter describes Japan's pioneer community‐based program. Although it developed without the influence of programs outside of Japan, readers will find much that is familiar.
Group treatment for dually diagnosed clients
Authors: Mueser Kim T. , Noordsy Douglas L.
Published: June 2007

Group treatment is a widely practiced intervention for persons with dual diagnoses. This chapter reviews the rationale for group treatment and discusses four different approaches to group intervention: twelve‐step, educational‐supportive, social skills, and stagewise treatment.
Family involvement in general hospital inpatient care
Authors: Walkup James
Published: June 2007

Family involvement can benefit inpatient care, and efforts are needed to ensure that work with families does not end with patient discharge.
Meaningful linkage practices: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Boyer Carol A.
Published: June 2007

A combination of strategies that bridge inpatient and outpatient settings and involvefamilies as part of the treatment effort build a stronger continuum of care.
Support group satisfaction: A comparison of minority and white families
Authors: Pickett Susan A. , Cook Judith A. , Heller Tamar
Published: June 2007

This chapter examines the support group experiences of minority families of persons with mental illness.
The changing face of mental health managed care
Authors: Mechanic David
Published: June 2007

Our responsibility is not solely to be critics but to help make managed care more effective and responsive.
Research on religion and serious mental illness
Authors: Koenig Harold G. , Larson David B. , Weaver Andrew J.
Published: June 2007

According to this review, religion plays a largely positive role in mental health; future research on severe mental disorders should include religious factors more directly.
Finding opportunities at the interface
Authors: Goetz Rupert R.
Published: June 2007

Integration at the primary care‐mental health interface in public systems provides the opportunity to return to values that for several decades have been pushed into the background: preventive (including rehabilitative) and population‐based care.
Systemic impact of risk‐sharing arrangements
Authors: Broskowski Anthony
Published: June 2007

The overall complexity and systemic impact of what is ostensibly a simple change in payment methods were the most important lessons to learn.
Clinician safety: Assessing and managing the violent patient
Authors: Berg Arthur Z. , Bell Carl C. , Tupin Joe
Published: June 2007

Many clinicians deny the possibility of violence occurring in their practices, and this denial has its roots in fear of violence or overconfidence in safety. To appropriately address the issue of violence, clinicians must engage in proactive behaviors and attitudes that will ensure their safety.
Sexual violence: The victim
Authors: Bloom Sandra L.
Published: June 2007

Molestation and rape in childhood or adulthood is sexual violence. This chapter discusses issues for sexual violence victims and suggests several best practices for this population.
Sexual violence: The perpetrator
Authors: Johnson Bradley R.
Published: June 2007

In addition to assessing and treating victims of sexual violence, mental health professionals are also called upon to provide similar services for sexually violent perpetrators. This chapter addresses these concerns along with the forensic issues surrounding those who commit sexual violence.
Defining the role of consumer‐survivors in trauma‐informed systems
Authors: Prescott Laura
Published: June 2007

This chapter provides pragmatic recommendations for creating partnerships with recipients of services who have traditionally been the most silent stakeholders in mental health system design and service delivery.
Chiral Coordination Polymers with Amino Acids: $\rm ^{2}_{\infty}[Cu_{2}(\mu-L-tryptophanato)_{2}(\mu-4,4\prime-bipyridine)(H_{2}O)_{2}](NO_{3})_{2}$
Authors: Wisser Barbara , Lu Yirong , Janiak Christoph
Published: June 2007

The two‐dimensional mixed‐ligand network catena‐[(μ‐4,4′‐bipyridine)‐bis(μ‐L‐tryptophanato‐κ3N,O,O′)‐diaqua‐dicopper(II) dinitrate] is constructed through the bridging action of both the tridentate amino carboxylato and the bidentate 4,4′‐bipyridine ligand. The enantiomeric L‐tryptophanato ligand acts as an N,O chelate towards one copper atom and bridges through the second carboxylate oxygen atom to the adjacent copper ion. Stacking of the corrugated nets creates channels which are occupied by the hydrogen‐bonded and very weakly Cu‐coordinating nitrate ions.
Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structure of Novel Mixed Bridged Trinuclear Oxo‐Centered Iron(III), Chromium(III) Complexes Containing Terminal Unsaturated Carboxylato and Acrylic Acid Dimer Anion Ligands
Authors: Yazdanbakhsh Mohammad , Alizadeh M. H. , Khorramdel H. Zare , Frank W.
Published: June 2007

Three new oxo‐centered trinuclear mixed‐bridged carboxylate complexes with terminal unsaturated ligands ([M2M′(μ3‐O)(μ‐O2C3H3)5(μ‐O4C6H7)(O2C3H3) (H2O)2]·2H2O [M = Fe, M′ = Fe (1); M = Fe, M′ = Cr (2); M = Cr, M′ = Fe (3)]) have been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analyses, IR spectra and crystal structure analyses. The compounds crystallize isotypically in the orthorhombic space group type Pbcn with a = 24.622(3) Å, b = 16.304(2) Å, c = 17.491(2) Å, V = 7021.5(15) Å3 (1), a = 24.708(5) Å, b = 16.290(2) Å, c = 17.394(2) Å, V = 7001.0(18) Å3 (2), a = 24.611(4) Å, b = 16.300(3) Å, c = 17.359(3) Å, V = 6964(2) Å3 (3), and Z = 8. The infrared spectra show resolved bands arising from νasym(OCO) and νsym(OCO) vibrations of monodentate and bridging carboxylate ligands along with those of νasym(M2M′O) vibrations in the complexes.
Anion Effect on Structure of Silver(I) Complexes with New Unsymmetrical Tripodal Ligand
Authors: Xie Jing , Huang Yong‐Qing , Okamura Taka‐aki , Sun Wei‐Yin , Ueyama Norikazu
Published: June 2007

Reactions of new unsymmetrical pyridyl‐ and imidazoyl‐containing tripodal ligand, 3‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)‐N,N‐bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)propan‐1‐amine (L), with varied silver(I) salts result in formation of three supramolecular architectures [Ag2L2](BF4)2·H2O (1), [Ag2L2](ClO4)2·H2O (2) and [Ag3L2](CF3SO3)3 (3). All the structures were established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. In the solid state, three complexes consist of one‐dimensional infinite chains, in which the conformation and the bridging mode of L for complexes 1 and 2 are the same but 3 different. There are Ag···Ag and π‐π interactions in 3. The results imply that the shape and size of the anion have great impact on the structure of the complexes. The complexes were also characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry.
M(H2O)2(4,4′‐bipy)[C6H4(COO)2]·2H2O (M = Mn2+, Co2+) – Zwei isotype Koordinationspolymere mit Schichtstruktur
Authors: Köferstein Roberto , Robl Christian
Published: June 2007

M(H2O)2(4,4′‐bipy)[C6H4(COO)2]·2H2O (M = Mn2+, Co2+) – Two Isotypic Coordination Polymers with Layered Structure

Monoclinic single crystals of Mn(H2O)2(4,4′‐bipy)[C6H4(COO)2]·2H2O (1) and Co(H2O)2(4,4′‐bipy)[C6H4(COO)2]· 2H2O (2) have been prepared in aqueous solution at 80 °C. Space group P2/n (no. 13), Z = 2; 1: a = 769.20(10), b = 1158.80(10), c = 1075.00(10) pm, β = 92.67(2)°, V = 0.9572(2) nm3; 2: a = 761.18(9), b = 1135.69(9), c = 1080.89(9) pm, β = 92.276(7)°, V = 0.9337(2) nm3. M2+ (M = Mn, Co), which is situated on a twofold crystallographic axis, is coordinated in a moderately distorted octahedral fashion by two water molecules, two oxygen atoms of the phthalate anions and two nitrogen atoms of 4,4′‐biypyridine (1: M–O 219.5(2), 220.1(2) pm, M–N 225.3(2), 227.2(2) pm; 2: Co–O 212.7(2), 213.7(2) pm, Co–N 213.5(3), 214.9(3) pm). M2+ and [C6H4(COO)2)]2− build up chains, which are linked by 4,4′‐biyridine molecules to yield a two‐dimensional coordination polymer with layers parallel to (001).Thermogravimetric analysis in air of 1 indicated a loss of water of crystallization between 154 and 212 °C and in 2 between 169 and 222 °C.
(Ph4P)2[Be2F6]·2CH3CN: Synthese, Schwingungsspektrum, Kristallstruktur und quantenchemische Rechnungen
Authors: Tonner Ralf , Frenking Gernot , Neumüller Bernhard , Dehnicke Kurt
Published: June 2007

(Ph4P)2[Be2F6]·2CH3CN: Synthesis, IR Spectra, Crystal Structure, and Quantum Chemical Calculations

The hexafluorodiberyllate (Ph4P)2[Be2F6]·2CH3CN (1) was prepared by the reaction of (Ph4P)2[Be2Cl6] with excess silver(I) fluoride in acetonitrile solution. According to the IR spectra and to the X‐ray crystal structure determination, 1 contains isolated [Be2F6]2− ions of symmetry Ci, which is very close to symmetry D2h. 1 crystallizes triclinically in space group $P{\bar 1}$ with one formula unit per unit cell. Lattice dimensions at 193 K: a = 950.5(2), b = 1016.1(2), c = 1305.2(2) pm, α = 101.04(2)°, β = 110.83(2)°, γ = 96.85(2)°, R1 = 0.0354. DFT (BP86) and ab initio (CCSD(T)) calculations with large basis sets provide the picture of an intrinsically unstable molecule stabilized by solvent and solid state effects.
Synthesis, Characterization and Structure of Bis‐ and Tetrakis‐Aziridine‐Nickel(II) and Copper(II) Complexes
Authors: Roedel J. Nicolas , Bobka Roman , Neumann Bernd , Weber Birgit , Mayer Peter , Lorenz Ingo‐Peter
Published: June 2007

The synthesis and characterization of mononuclear tetrakis‐aziridine nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes as well as of a dinuclear bis‐aziridine copper(II) complex are described. The reactions of anhydrous MCl2 (M = NiII, CuII) with aziridine (= az = C2H4NH, C2H3MeNH, CH2CMe2NH) in CH2Cl2 at room temperature in a 1:5 and 1:2 molar ratio, respectively, afforded the tetrakis‐aziridine complexes [M(az)4Cl2] (M = Ni, Cu) or the dimeric bis‐aziridine complex [Cu(az)2Cl2]2. After purification, all of the complexes were fully characterized. The single crystal structure analysis revealed two different coordination modes. Whereas both nickel(II) complexes can be classified as showing an elongated octahedral structure, copper(II) complexes show either an elongated octahedral or a square pyramidal arrangement forming dimers with chlorido bridges in axial positions. Furthermore, the results of magnetic measurements of the nickel(II) and copper(II) compounds are presented.
Strukturen ionischer Di(arensulfonyl)amide. 8. Natrium‐bis[di(4‐fluorbenzolsulfonyl)amido‐N]argentat: Ein Heterobimetallkomplex mit lamellarer Schichtstruktur und kurzen Zwischenschichtkontakten C–H···F–C
Authors: Zerbe Eva‐Maria , Jones Peter G. , Blaschette Armand
Published: June 2007

Structures of Ionic Di(arenesulfonyl)amides. 8. Sodium Bis[di(4‐fluorobenzenesulfonyl)amido‐N]argentate: A Heterobimetallic Complex Exhibiting a Lamellar Layer Structure and Short C–H···F–C Interlayer Contacts

Na[Ag{N(SO2–C6H4–4‐F)2}2] (monoclinic, C2/c, Z′ = 1/2) is the first heterobimetallic representative in a well‐documented class of layered inorgano‐organic solids where the inorganic component is comprised of metal cations and coordinating N(SO2)2 groups and the outer regions are formed by the aromatic rings of the di(arenesulfonyl)amide entities, which adopt a folded conformation approximating to mirror symmetry. The inversion‐symmetric bis(amido)argentate unit of the novel compound displays an exactly linear N–Ag–N core and short Ag–N bonds of 217.55(17) pm (at −140 °C); the coordination number of the silver ion is extended to 2 + 6 by four internal and two external Ag···O secondary interactions. The polar lamella is constructed from rows of Na+ ions located on twofold axes, alternating with bis(amido)argentate strands reinforced by Ag···O interactions and weak C–H···O hydrogen bonds; Na+ is embedded in an O6 environment. Adjacent layers are cross‐linked via short C–H···F–C contacts suggestive of weak hydrogen bonding enhanced by cooperativity.
Mehrpunktverfahren zur Auflösung von Gleichungssystemen
Authors: Bittner L.
Published: June 2007

Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt gewisse Verfahren zur Lösung von Gleichungssystemen. Man gelang zu diesen Verfahren, wenn man die Funktionalmatrix beim Newton‐Verfahren durch einen aus Funktionswerten mehrerer Hilfspunkte gebildeten Näherungsausdruck ersetzt. Es werden daher zur Rechnung keine Ableitungen nach den gesuchten Variablen benötigt. Als Grundlage der hier angegebenen Konvergenzaussagen und als Grundlage von weiteren Sätzen für zahlreiche andere Hilfspunktwahlen dient das Lemma A bzw. A′.
Über gewisse singuläre Volterrasche Integralgleichungen vom Faltungstypus
Authors: Rühs F.
Published: June 2007

Es werden mit Hilfe der Operatorenrechnung lineare singuläre Volterrasche Integralgleichungen vom Faltungstypus mit unendlicher unterer Grenze behandelt und ihre Lösungen angegeben. Die divergenten Integrale werden dabei als Hadamardscher “partie finie” interpretiert.
Elastic‐Plastic Transition in Torsion
Authors: Seth B. R.
Published: June 2007

The transition theory for elastic plastic deformation, developed in recent papers, has been applied to the torsion of a circulation cylinder. No yield condition is used. It is found that the secondary axial stresses in the fully plastic state have a longitudinal singularity on the axis of the cylinder, thus indicating that there is always a core of material, which remains elastic. The numerical results obtained show good agreement with the experimental results of Bader and Nadai, Poynting and Reiner.
On Discretionary Priority Queueing
Authors: Avi‐Itzhak B. , Brosh I. , Naor P.
Published: June 2007

A priority regime is envisaged for single queuing systems composed of two customer populations with Poisson arrivals which is intermediate between the two extreme doctrines: a) head of the line priority, b) pre‐emptive priority. The state of intermediacy is represented by discretionary powers vested in the server to interrupt recently initiated ‐ and not to interrupt almost completed ‐ service to a low priority customer upon the arrival of a high priority customer. For the case of constant service times the discretionary rule is defined and the ensuing queueing characteristics analyzed; in particular, the average total queue lengths of both high and low priority customers are derived for two different cases: a) the resume situation where service renewed to a low priority customer starts at the point of interruption; b) the repeat situation where service given to a low priority customer before an interruption, is completely lost. Optimisation procedures are outlined and for the resume situation a simple optimal discretionary rule is obtained.
The Effect of Permeability on the Slow Motion of a Porous Sphere in a Viscous Liquid
Authors: Joseph D. D. , Tao L. N.
Published: June 2007

A technique is suggested by which the effects of permeable materials on the low Reynolds number flow of viscous liquids may be evaluated. In particular, we show that Darcy's law and the asymptotic equations (Re O) of Stokes may be used to formulate boundary value problems generating solutions valid for both porous and non‐porous regions and matched at common boundaries.

The coupled problem of the streaming of a viscous liquid past a permeable sphere is considered and closed solutions which depend simply on the permeability on the sphere are derived. The drag on a permeable sphere is shown to be the same as the drag on an impermeable sphere of reduced radius.
Asymptotische Entwicklungen von Sphäroidfunktionen und ihre Verwandtschaft mit Kugelfunktionen
Authors: Müller Harald J. W.
Published: June 2007

In dieser Arbeit werden einfache asymptotische Entwicklungen für Sphäroidfunktionen großer Ordnung hergeleitet, die derart sind, daß ihr enger Zusammenhang mit Kugelfunktionen besonders klar zu erkennen ist. Für die Eigenwerte ergibt sich eine entsprechende asymptotische Entwicklung, für die mehrere Glieder berechnet werden.
Erweiterung des Hamiltonschen Prinzips in der Kontinuumsmechanik großer Deformationen
Authors: Rüdiger D.
Published: June 2007

Das Hamiltonsche Prinzip für die Bewegung eines Kontinuums wird so modifiziert, daß sowohl die Anfangs‐als auch die Randbedingungen als natürliche Randbedingungen enthalten sind.
St. Venant Torsion of “Thick‐Walled” Cylindrical Tubes
Authors: Westbrook D. R.
Published: June 2007

Use is made of the equations of cylindrical shell theory to obtain approximate expressions for the moments of the shears and for the shear stress at the boundary. Using these results, we are able to find approximate expressions for the torsional rigidity and the maximum shear stress which depend only on the geometrical properties of the cross‐section. ‐Some comparisons are made with exact solutions.
Three‐Dimensional Boundary Layer for Decelerating Flows with or without Suction
Authors: Bhatnagar P. L. , Ahuja G. C.
Published: June 2007

The three‐dimensional boundary layer flow over a semi‐infinite flat plate with suction or injection, when the external irrotational velocity components are U = 1 ‐ x, V = α yn or U = 1/(1 + x), V = α yn, with 0 < α ≪ 1, n ≥ 1, is studied by expanding the solution in powers of α and using the modified Pohlhausen method. It is found that both the boundary layer thicknesses decrease and the two components of skin‐friction increase as the result of cross‐flow, and consequently separation is delayed. Effects of suction and injection on separation in the presence of cross‐flow are also studied.
Asymptotische Gesetzmäßigkeiten der turbulenten Ausbreitung eines vertikalen Gasstrahls im gleichförmigen Medium unter Berücksichtigung des Archimedischen Auftriebs A. Ebenes Modell
Authors: Szablewski W.
Published: June 2007

Der Auftrieb kann sowohl durch verschiedene Temperatur wie auch durch verschiedenes Molekulargewicht der sich mischenden Gase bedingt sein. Grundlage der Rechnung bildet der Prandtlsche Schubspannungsansatz für Strömungen der freien Turbulenz, wobei ein von Eins verschiedenes Übertragungsverhältnis für die Geschwindigkeit und die materiellen Eigenschaften beim turbulenten Transport angenommen wird.
Nichtlineare Elastizität mit linearem Realspannungs‐Dehnungs‐Gesetz
Authors: Vocke W.
Published: June 2007

Bei großer elastischer Verformung läßt sich der Spannungszustand mit einem linearen Spannungs‐Dehnungs‐Gesetz beschreiben, wenn die Spannung auf den wirklichen Querschnitt bezogen wird. Für die dreiachsige Normalbeanspruchung sowie für rotationssymmetrische Lastfälle werden die Spannungen ermittelt.
On Some Particular Cases of the Solution of Laplace's Equation Describing the Principal Properties of Vortex Formations in Fluids
Authors: Dráský Jiří
Published: June 2007

Vortex formations represent a particular case of discontinuous flow of fluids. For the most, they are non‐stationary formations with a pronounced whirling motion of intensity that is characterized by velocity circulation about the center, decreasing or increasing with time. They always contain a core with a marked component of rotational motion and one or two discontinuity surfaces or vortex layers rolling up in the form of spirals. In addition to the intensive whirling motion, they also exhibit centripetal or centrifugal motions.

For cases where in the first approximation the effect of viscosity may be neglected and the medium considered an incompressible fluid, the paper demonstrates that all basic features of vortex formations may be described by a solution of Laplace's equation constructed as a convenient combination of algebraic and logarithmic singularities. The solution thus obtained is dependent on time insofar that all conditions of compatibility of the flow must be satisfied at all times in every point (particularly on the discontinuity surface). Several plane models of vortex formations are considered and with their aid a model is constructed of a flow field with vortex pair behind a cylinder starting from rest. A comparison of theoretical and experimental results is presented for this case.
Eine Darstellung für Bahn‐ und Geschwindigkeitskoordinaten in der Raumfahrt durch eine verallgemeinerte Kepler‐Näherung und Korrekturen im Iterationsverfahren
Authors: Bollermann Werner
Published: June 2007

Es wird ein Summenansatz aus Keplerbewegungen des Raumfahrzeugs um alle beteiligten Himmelskörper aufgestellt, welcher jede Anfangswertaufgabe der Störungsrechnung zugänglich macht und für begrenzte Zeiträume von hoher Genauigkeit ist. Ausdehnung auf zusätzliche Kräfte führt in einigen Standardfällen auf geschlossene Näherungen für das n‐Körperproblem der Raumfahrt einschließlich Schub.
Pseudometrische Räume und Rieszsche Halbordnungs‐Banachräume
Authors: Bohl Erich
Published: June 2007

Es wird gezeigt, daß in den Anwendungen häufig auftretende Pseudometrische Räume (s. 2) von Rieszschen Halbordnungs‐Banachräumen erzeugt werden. Dadurch ist es möglich, einen allgemeinen Satz über die Existenz und Fehlerabschätzung von Lösungen einer nichtlinearen Operatorgleichung als einfachen Spezialfall des Schauderschen Fixpunktsatzes zu gewinnen, ohne die pseudometrische Struktur zu benutzen.
Lacunary Interpolation in the Roots of Unity
Authors: Sharma A.
Published: June 2007

The object of this mote is to find the explicit form of the interpolatory polynomials when their values together with their Mth derivatives are prescribed in the roots of unity. We also study their convergence behaviour and show that the Dini‐Lipschitz condition is sufficient for convergence.
Ein Mittelwertsatz bei gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichungen
Authors: Beck E.
Published: June 2007

Die folgende Untersuchung stellt in ihrem wesentlichen Ergebnis eine Verallgemeinerung des Mittelwertsatzes der Differentialrechnung dar, und zwar auf Kurven, die im Richtungsfeld einer gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichung liegen (§ 1 und § 2). Neben geometrischen Anwendungen erlaubt dieser Mittelwertsatz die Aufstellung von Restgliedern bei Approximationen einer vorgegebenen Funktion durch Lösungen „iterierter Differentialgleichungen”︁, d. h. von Differentialgleichungen, die sich als „Produkte”︁ von Differentialgleichungen erster Ordnung darstellen lassen. Bei linearen Differentialausdrücken ergeben sich Reihenentwicklungen mit Restgliedern in Analogie zur Taylor formel und in allgemeineren Fällen. Auch zur näherungsweisen Bestimmung von Eigenwerten kann der Satz herangezogen werden.
Bemerkungen zur Konvergenz von Differenzapproximationen für quasilineare hyperbolische Anfangswertprobleme in zwei unabhängigen Veränderlichen
Authors: Törnig W. , Ziegler M.
Published: June 2007

Es werden einige bisher erzielte Ergebnisse über Konvergenz und Konvergenzordnung von Differenz‐approximationen in Rechteckgittern für allgemeine quasilineare hyperbolische Anfangswertprobleme erster Ordnung in zwei unabhängigen Veränderlichen verschärft. Dazu ist es notwendig, asymptotische Aussagen über die Lösungen gewisser nichtlinearer gewöhnlicher Differenzen‐Anfangswertprobleme zu gewinnen. Ferner wird gezeigt, daß die Konvergenzordnung der Differenzapproximationen von positiven Typ höchstens für hyperbolische Anfangswertprobleme mit nur einer konstanten charakteristischen Richtung größer als eins ist.
Die Stabilität der Kugelschale unter Außendruck bei nichtlinear elastischer und plastischer Formänderung
Authors: Neuber H.
Published: June 2007

Im Anschluß an eine nichtlineare Stabilitätstheorie für Schalen [6] wird das Stabilitätsproblem der Kugelschale unter Außendruck für nichtlinear elastische und plastische Formänderung gelöst.
Über ein Monotonieprinzip bei linearen Approximationen
Authors: Meinardus Günter
Published: June 2007

Es wird eine Verallgemeinerung eines auf Bernstein zurückgehenden Vergleichssatzes auf sog, reguläre Haarsche Systeme gegeben. Aus solchen Sätzen wird eine Theorie entwickelt, die zu neuen Ansatzpunkten bei der Gewinnung oberer und unterer Schranken für Minimalabweichung bei der Approximation von Funktionen einer Variablen durch verallgemeinerte Polynome führt, und zwar sowohl im absoluten als auch im relativen Approximationssinn. Es bestehen Zusammenhänge mit einigen Ergebnissen von J. C. C. Nitsche.
Über die Verzweigung der identisch verschwindenden Lösung einer Klasse nichtlinearer Integralgleichungen vom Hammerstein‐Typ
Authors: Vogel J.
Published: June 2007

Bei einer Klasse nichtlinearer IGln vom Hammerstein‐Typ zweigen von der identisch verschwindenden Lösung, die für betragsmäßig hinreichend kleinen Parameter die einzige reelle ist, mit betragsmäßig wachsendem Parameter nichttriviale reelle oder komplexe Lösungen ab.

Für die am betragsmäßig kleinsten Verzweigungspunkt entstehenden Lösungen werden, den Gedanken von E. Schmidt folgend, Potenzreihen angegeben, die nach Potenzen der Wurzel der Verzweigungsgleichung fortschreiten. Die Koeffizienten dieser Reihen können rekursiv berechnet werden. Die Fourierkoeffizienten der Verzweigungslösungen lassen sich durch entsprechende Potenzreihen darstellen. Am Beispiel der IGl für die Elastika eines Eulerschen Knickstabes werden die Verzweigungslösungen näherungsweise durch Fourierpolynome dargestellt.
Magnetohydrodynamic Flow in an Insulated Rectangular Duct with an Oblique Transverse Magnetic Field
Authors: Sloan D. M.
Published: June 2007

An exact solution is presented for the steady laminar flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting fluid in an insulated rectangular channel, with an imposed transverse magnetic field inclined at an angle to the channelw alls. An asymptotic representation of the mean velocity is found in the case of a large magnetic field inclined at a small angle to one pair of sides, and numerical results are included which show the effect of rotating the applied field.