bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Natural Birth of a Hypothesis
Authors: Leitenberg Milton
Published: January 2017

Social scientists today are so much concerned with the application of ever-more-sophisticated methodology to ever-more-complex phenomena that we sometimes neglect the straightforward observation and reporting of simple events from which all science begins. We present this article partly because it is a delightful analysis of an unusual children's game in a depressed town in Nova Scotia, and partly as a reminder that perceptive observation of human behavior is still an important source of fruitful hypotheses that can contribute to the development of behavioral science. The author is an instructor in the department of biology at Northeastern University.
Peace Research: A Criticism
Authors: Oppenheimer Martin
Published: January 2017

Research on conflict and peace is perhaps the most crucial topic of policy science today. Yet is there not some wishful thinking in the assumptions of many studies of the subject? Dr. Oppenheimer identifies some economic and psychological assumptions he believes to be erroneous and suggests a shift in research focus to the realities of mass political and social behavior. The author, recently on the faculty of Temple University, is now Assistant Director of Studies of the American Friends Service Committee.
The Scientific Order: Forecasting “Scientific Breakthroughs” in the Soviet System
Authors: Walsh Warren B.
Published: January 2017

This note outlines the approach and methods of a study made by a research team under the author's direction, identifies key problems, and concludes that methods now used in Western studies cannot help us predict “breakthroughs” by Soviet scientists. Professor Walsh, chairman of the department of history at Syracuse University, promises a sequel article on a subsequent approach to the same problem.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Potential Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Tsigkas Grigorios , Davlouros Periklis , Despotopoulos Stefanos , Assimakopoulos Stelios F. , Theocharis Georgios , Hahalis George
Published: January 2017

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) compared with the general population. Left main coronary artery (LMCA) thrombosis constitutes a very rare but catastrophic manifestation of acute coronary syndrome. Case reports describing young patients with IBD and LMCA thrombosis are scarce. Most importantly, patients with a positive family history of thrombotic events and those with significant genetic or acquired risk factors such as the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, advanced age, immobilization, pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, obesity, diabetes, and cigarette smoking may have a higher risk of thrombosis among those with active IBD. We describe a 28-year-old man who was admitted for coronary angiography (CA) due to ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. He had a recent exacerbation of ulcerative colitis. The patient was a smoker without a family history of CAD. Proximal total occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery and left circumflex (LCX) artery with massive thrombus was shown on CA, whereas a normal dominant right coronary artery delivered collaterals to the LAD artery.
Patient safety is not compromised by excluding microscopic examination of negative urine dipstick
Authors: Miler Marijana , Nikolac Nora
Published: January 2017

Background

Microscopic examination of samples with negative dipstick results is not necessary. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess the risk of excluding urine sediment examination with negative dipstick results and (ii) calculate time savings by introducing this process.

Methods

The risk analysis was done for samples with negative urine dipstick and positive sediment findings. Possible missed elements in sediment were defined as 21 errors. Time saving was calculated as average time for preparation and examination sediments. Data were presented as counts and percentages.

Results

Out of 2997 samples, negative dipstick results were reported for 926 (30.6%) samples, out of which, microscopic examinations were positive for 527 (17.6%) samples. 18/21 errors were detected, with missing <5 squamous epithelial cells (SQEC) and bacteria 1+ as the most frequent ones (22.7% and 22.4%, respectively). Errors with the intermediate risk for patients were missing to report: ≥5 SQEC, ≥5 transitional epithelial cells, ≥10 hyaline casts (11.9%, 0.21%, 0.32%, respectively). Errors associated with high risk were not detected. Estimated total time saving is more than 25 h/month.

Conclusions

Microscopic examination of urine samples with negative dipstick results can be excluded without risk for patients and can result with considerable time savings.
The Open Kimono
Authors: Berrone Pascual , Ricart Joan E. , Carrasco Carlos
Published: January 2017

The article presents a framework for exploring the drivers, structure, and dynamics of open data initiatives in the city context. Drawing on a case study of the city of Barcelona complemented with other cases, it develops a stepwise framework that can serve as a practical guide for both urban and private leaders to implement open data strategies. Following this model can enable managers to minimize risk and effectively harness the power of open data.
Smart Cities at the Crossroads
Authors: Almirall Esteve , Wareham Jonathan , Ratti Carlo , Conesa Pilar , Bria Francesca , Gaviria Anibal , Edmondson Amy
Published: January 2017

The Smart Cities movement has produced a large number of projects and experiments around the world. To understand the primary ones, as well as their underlying tensions and the insights emerging from them, the editors of this special issue of the California Management Review enlisted a panel of experts, academics, and practitioners from different nationalities, backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives. The panel focused its discussion on three main areas: new governance models for Smart Cities, how to spur growth and renewal, and the sharing economy—both commons and market based.
The City as a Lab
Authors: Cohen Boyd , Almirall Esteve , Chesbrough Henry
Published: January 2017

This article introduces the special issue on the increasing role of cities as a driver for (open) innovation and entrepreneurship. It frames the innovation space being cultivated by proactive cities. Drawing on the diverse papers selected in this special issue, this introduction explores a series of tensions that are emerging as innovators and entrepreneurs seek to engage with local governments and citizens in an effort to improve the quality of life and promote local economic growth.
A Smart City Is a Collaborative Community
Authors: Snow Charles C. , Håkonsson Dorthe Døjbak , Obel Børge
Published: January 2017

Initiatives to redesign cities so that they are smarter and more sustainable are increasing worldwide. A smart city can be understood as a community in which citizens, business firms, knowledge institutions, and municipal agencies collaborate with one another to achieve systems integration and efficiency, citizen engagement, and a continually improving quality of life. This article presents an organizational framework for such collaboration and employs it to analyze Smart Aarhus, the smart-city initiative of Aarhus, Denmark. Based on the experiences of Smart Aarhus to date, it offers a set of lessons that can benefit the designers, leaders, and policymakers of other smart-city initiatives.
Governing the City
Authors: Visnjic Ivanka , Neely Andy , Cennamo Carmelo , Visnjic Nikola
Published: January 2017

Governing a city is arguably one of the most complex management tasks facing organizational leaders. Based on an analysis of Vienna, London, and Chicago, this article demonstrates that city leaders treat cities as ecosystems, structured and governed either as “extended enterprises” where inputs from specialized organizations are coordinated and integrated into the final service or as “platform markets” where direct interactions between third-party service providers and citizens are facilitated by the city leaders. If cities are viewed as the “ecosystem of ecosystems,” then successful city governance requires an orchestration approach where leaders choose the appropriate structure and manage the ecosystem dynamically in a constantly changing environment.
Criterion validity of a home health aide's algorithm for recommending bathroom equipment
Authors: Guay Manon , Desrosiers Johanne , Dubois Marie-France
Published: January 2017

Background

Occupational therapists are experts at adapting bathroom environments. However, to increase access to services, the algorithm “Préalables aux soins d'hygiène” (French for “Prerequisites for bathing care”) has been developed to be used by trained home health aides to recommend bathroom equipment.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess the criterion validity of the algorithm by measuring the level of agreement between an occupational therapist's recommendations (gold standard) and those made by four home health aides using the algorithm.

Methods

Community-living adults with bathing difficulties (n = 96) were visited by both types of evaluators.

Findings

Home health aides correctly identified clinical situations in which they should feel confident about their ability (sensitivity: 96%, specificity: 69%) and, apart from type of bathing seat (Kw = 0.63 [0.52; 0.75]), agreement between recommendations varied from substantial to almost perfect (△≥0.72).

Implications

Results increase confidencein the algorithm, but other studies are needed to ensure population safety and fulfil the occupational therapist's obligations.
Histoire des religions et analyse des mythes
Authors: Samonà Giuseppe A.
Published: January 2017

Depuis le XIXe siècle, plusieurs disciplines, telles que l'anthropologie, l'ethnologie ou la psychologie, se sont intéressées à la mythologie. Dans cet article, nous nous proposons d'étudier ce que l'histoire des religions, en se confrontant avec ces disciplines, apporte de spécifique à l'analyse des mythes. Pour ce faire, nous partirons de la mythologie grecque, puisque c'est avec elle que les études de mythologie comparée ont commencé. Nous nous concentrerons sur les deux écoles historico-religieuses qui, dans les dernières années, ont offert les contributions les plus significatives (et qui sont également le champ d'études de l'auteur) : le centre de recherches comparées sur les sociétés anciennes de Paris (avec les analyses de J.-P. Vernant et M. Detienne) et l'école d'histoire des religions de Rome (avec les analyses de R. Pettazzoni, A. Brelich, E. De Martino et D. Sabbatucci). En particulier, à partir de certaines contributions récentes de D. Sabbatucci, nous mettrons en relief une possibilité de dialogue féconde, par rapport à l'analyse des mythes, entre l'histoire des religions et l'anthropologie «structurale» de C. Lévi-Strauss.
The divine Word (Kalima) in Shahrastānī's Majlis
Authors: Steigerwald Diane
Published: January 2017

This article describes the concept of the divine Word (Kalima) in the Majlis of Shahrastānī, one of the forerunners of the universal history of religions. Shahrastānī combines several elements of Fātimid Ismā'īlisin in his Majlis. With Hasan-i Sabbāh he is one of the first representatives of the Ismā'īlī Nizārī tradition. He brings new elements to this tradition which others will later develop in their philosophy. He exhibits an undeniable influence of Fātimid Ismā'īlī in his teaching on the divine Word. In the hierarchical world of spiritual ascent, there are several divine Words which reveal themselves at various levels. Each of these levels represents the completion of the one before. The divine Word helps the soul to overcome the obstacles to its spiritual journey and acts as a catalyst which speeds up the ascent to God.
The Use of a Joke in Introductions to Anton Fabian’s Homilies
Authors: Masarik Albín
Published: January 2017

This article analyses 35 homily-introductions based on a joke from the collection of 71 homilies by Prof. Anton Fabian. Besides providing statistical data regarding the extent of the material in such introductions, the author examines the manner in which they are used, as shown in detail with three select examples. The conclusion reached is that Prof. Fabian always uses a joke to introduce the topic of a homily.
Globalisation, Income Inequalities, Terms of Trade and Developing Countries
Authors: Chishti Sumitra
Published: January 2017

Globalisation has drawn mixed reactions. Some found it a boon, others a curse. This paper aims to highlight some of the issues concerning globalisation and the developing countries. It further concentrates mainly on the negative impact of globalisation affecting the developing countries. In essence, it deals with the issue of income distribution between the developed and the developing countries, discusses the issue of movement of terms of trade and focuses on the international regime of intellectual property rights and transfer of resources from the developing countries to the developed countries.
South-South Investment in Infrastructure
Authors: Pradhan Jaya Prakash
Published: January 2017

Since 1990s South-South investment flows have assumed a considerable significance in the economic relations among developing countries. The host developing countries tend to see the growing FDI flows from co-developing economies as a prospective source of financial capital, skills and technologies useful for their economic development. However, there is clearly a lack of recognition among them about the potential of southern investment in improving their civil, social and industrial infrastructure. A distinction can be made between the two main forms in which developing country firms participate in the infrastructure sector of co-developing countries. The first is the project exports resorted by southern firms in various infrastructure areas like transportation, communication, energy, etc. The second form comprises direct investment operation of southern firms to provide infrastructure services to the end users. India presents a classic example of South-South investment in infrastructure sector with Indian firms consistently expanding their project exports and infrastructure-related FDI activities over the years. In the light of growing size of Indian project exports and infrastructure FDI, this study calls for evolving a holistic policy framework by both home and host developing countries to enhance the potential of such investment for infrastructure development.
Fresh and Processed Fruit & Vegetables: Growth in Production and Export from India
Authors: Goyal S.K. , Gupta R.B.
Published: January 2017

The present study is an attempt to examine the status and growth in fruit & vegetables production, processing capacity and growth and instability in exports. The study is based on secondary data collected from several published and website sources. The production of fruit has grown at an annual compound growth rate of 3.76 and of vegetables at 3.34 per cent, respectively during 1980-2006. The growth of fruit production has been more in India than world production whereas in case of vegetables production it is reverse. Now, it's processing which has assumed paramount importance for commercial exploitation by creating time, form and space utilities. Production of processed fruit & vegetable products has increased at an annual compound growth rate of 11.25 per cent. Capacity of fruit & vegetable processing units increased by 8.5 per cent per annum still the industry has been able to utilize only half of the installed capacity. India witnessed substantial increase in export value of processed fruit & vegetables (16.85% CGR) during the period under study. Dried & processed vegetables ranked first in India's total export of processed fruit & vegetable products in value terms whereas in quantity terms pickles & chutneys occupied first position. The existence of relatively high instability in exports was also witnessed which has implications for promoting exports from the country. In spite of impressive growth in exports, our share in world exports is very low which needs to be increased by taking appropriate research and development policies and relaxing the constraints faced by the processing industry.
Special Economic Zone - An Indian Approach
Authors: Dhingra Tarun , Singh Tripti
Published: January 2017

The ever-increasing global competition compels the governments to adopt export oriented trade strategies, thereby contributing towards overall economic growth and development. The high economic growth trajectory pursued by the newly industrialized economies (NIEs), has been propelled by increase in exports. Different countries have pursued policies of developing export zones, for imparting an outward orientation to their economy. India has also established such zones with definite objectives for foreign trade development and export promotion. This research paper is an attempt to understand the concept of Special Economic Zones (SEZs), Chinese model of SEZ, its principal benefits, their performance and contribution towards trade competitiveness in India. SEZ as a trade policy has been further evaluated in light of SEZ Act, 2006. A non-parametric critical approach has been taken to study the SEZ policy in reference to its performance, limitations and challenges to perform in a highly competitive global environment.
Takeover Time in Highly Automated Vehicles: Noncritical Transitions to and From Manual Control
Authors: Eriksson Alexander , Stanton Neville A.
Published: January 2017

Objective:

The aim of this study was to review existing research into driver control transitions and to determine the time it takes drivers to resume control from a highly automated vehicle in noncritical scenarios.

Background:

Contemporary research has moved from an inclusive design approach to adhering only to mean/median values when designing control transitions in automated driving. Research into control transitions in highly automated driving has focused on urgent scenarios where drivers are given a relatively short time span to respond to a request to resume manual control. We found a paucity in research into more frequent scenarios for control transitions, such as planned exits from highway systems.

Method:

Twenty-six drivers drove two scenarios with an automated driving feature activated. Drivers were asked to read a newspaper, or to monitor the system, and to relinquish, or resume, control from the automation when prompted by vehicle systems.

Results:

Significantly longer control transition times were found between driving with and without secondary tasks. Control transition times were substantially longer than those reported in the peer-reviewed literature.

Conclusion:

We found that drivers take longer to resume control when under no time pressure compared with that reported in the literature. Moreover, we found that drivers occupied by a secondary task exhibit larger variance and slower responses to requests to resume control. Workload scores implied optimal workload.

Application:

Intra- and interindividual differences need to be accommodated by vehicle manufacturers and policy makers alike to ensure inclusive design of contemporary systems and safety during control transitions.
Student understanding of phase shifts, frequency and Bode plots
Authors: Coppens Pieter , Van den Bossche Johan , De Cock Mieke
Published: January 2017

In a series of interviews with second year electronics engineering students, several of them showed problems with signal properties. In a questionnaire administered to over 150 students in Belgium, these problems were further explored to verify how widespread they are. The questions asked about different aspects of signals. Students showed that they understand the concept of a phase shift, although they have problems with the direction. However, they generally have no idea what a signal with two frequencies looks like in the time domain. Bode plots also proved to be a problem for students, who are not able to construct one from a set of (dummy) measurements. Most of these issues persist after lab instruction.
Costs and Characteristics of Heavy Inpatient Service Users in Outer London
Authors: Lucas Ben , Harrison-Read Phil , Tyrer Peter , Ray Jon , Shipley Katherine , Hickman Matthew , Patel Anita , Knapp Martin , Lowin Ana
Published: January 2017

"Heavy users" is a new term often used to describe those who occupy a disproportionate number of psychiatric beds. In this study we identified the heaviest 10% (193) inpatient service users in one London borough over a 61/2 year period and compared these with a control group of 400 ordinary inpatient users. A weighting index was used to combine frequency of admission with duration. Heavy users were diagnostically and demographically similar to ordinary inpatient service users and only differed by their extensive use of services, about 3 times more than ordinary users in terms of health care costs, during the measured year. Their heavy use mainly depended on occupying hospital beds, and their use of outpatient, day patient and community services was relatively light.
The US Organization, Maulana Karenga, and Conflict with the Black Panther Party: A Critique of Sectarian Influences on Historical Discourse
Authors: Ngozi-Brown Scot
Published: January 2017

The BPP [Black Panther Party] and Us, two Black extremist groups, are currently feuding… It is important that Black extremist groups be kept divided so that their strength is not increased through united action.
White Americans, the New Minority?: Non-Blacks and the Ever-Expanding Boundaries of Whiteness
Authors: Warren Jonathan W. , Twine France Winddance
Published: January 2017

We Hispanics are, finally, like other immigrant groups… Yes, the Hispanics are going to become more like the majority. Their families will be smaller, better educated, more traveled. Roots will be lost. Language will be lost. Food will be the last to go. We will be eating tacos and tortillas for a long time to come. (Cesar Chavez, cited in Morgan, 1985, pp. 79–80)

The American Dream is at the expense of the American Negro. (James Baldwin, cited in Leeming, 1994)
Renegotiating romantic genres: Textual resistance and Muslim chick lit
Authors: Newns Lucinda
Published: January 2017

The proliferation of images of “oppressed” and “downtrodden” Muslim women circulating via media discourses and popular memoirs leading up to and after 9/11 has led a number of British Muslim women to “write back” to such representations. However, these writers face a challenging politics of reception, aided by marketing tactics that attempt to reinscribe their voices within limited binaries of East and West, traditional and modern, Islamic and secular. Implicit in such binaries is the assumption of an inherent incompatibility between Islam and the “Western values” deemed necessary for fully-fledged citizenship in modern Britain, especially when it comes to gender equality. Leila Aboulela and Shelina Zahra Janmohamed are two writers who have been successful in negotiating this difficult terrain. Through their manipulation of secular romantic forms, they present readers with more nuanced articulations of Muslim womanhood that fuse feminist and religious concerns. Aboulela’s novel The Translator (1999) and Janmohamed’s memoir Love in a Headscarf (2009) appropriate the domestic novel and chick lit genres, respectively, and recast them within an Islamic signification system. In the shifting space between convention and innovation, their works enact a resistant aesthetic that draws attention to the sexism found in both traditional cultural mores and consumer-driven neoliberal gender regimes, offering personal faith and spirituality as a model for more equitable gender relations. In making a clear distinction between culture and religious belief, their works advocate for a form of Islam that coexists with other values and identities, including British, and clear discursive space for a more complex understanding of the intersection between gender and faith.
The ‘Ullstein Spirit’: The Ullstein Publishing House, the End of the Weimar Republic and the Making of Cold War German Identity, 1925–77
Authors: Hung Jochen
Published: January 2017

This article examines the role of the Ullstein company, a liberal publishing house with Jewish roots and one of Germany’s most important cultural producers, in the disintegration and the subsequent historical interpretation of the Weimar Republic. It reconstructs the company’s history before and after the Second World War and retraces the public debate about Ullstein’s political role to arrive at a more balanced picture of the company’s place in twentieth-century Germany. Ullstein portrayed itself as a pillar of democracy during the Weimar era, but distanced itself from this tradition during the economic and political crisis of the late 1920s and early 1930s. After 1945, Ullstein’s history was distorted by its use as a political token in the Cold War struggle between the two German states over the ‘right’ view of Weimar’s demise. Western media – most prominently the Axel Springer publishing house – interpreted Ullstein as a symbol of a Jewish-German tradition of Western liberal democracy, while the East German press and some commentators in West Germany accused the company of paving the way for the Nazis. Ultimately, Axel Springer succeeded in integrating an overly positive version of Ullstein’s history into West German national identity.
Religion in the Early Nazi Milieu: Towards a Greater Understanding of ‘Racist Culture’
Authors: Koehne Samuel
Published: January 2017

In recent years there has been a renaissance of studies into the diverse relationships between National Socialism and esoteric or occult religious trends, which appears to form a remarkable return to the work of George L Mosse. Yet within these debates there has been surprisingly little space devoted to the question of what specifically ‘counted’ as religion in the early Nazi milieu. This article seeks to address this problem through a detailed study of the views on religion in one of the major antisemitic groups in the 1920s, the German Socialist Party, which had a number of significant connections to the NSDAP. The German Socialist debates on religion have remained largely unexamined, and this article analyses the group’s response to the Nazis’ 25 Point Programme, the German Socialists’ own debates about religion, and their views on the most important völkisch authors who were seeking a ‘religious revival’. It demonstrates that views on religion in the early Nazi milieu were extremely diverse, but commonly adhered to notions of race and a racial spirituality that amounted to a kind of ‘ethnotheism’. It argues that concepts of religion in völkisch groups at the time, including the NSDAP, have to be principally understood as part of a particular and extreme ‘racist culture’.
Pathologia religiosa: Medicine and the Anti-religious Movement in the Early Soviet Union
Authors: Polianski Igor. J.
Published: January 2017

The interwar secularist-religious clashes across Europe were often perceived as a conflict between religious and scientific worldviews. The interactions and tensions between religion and science are analysed in this article through an examination of the impact of medicine on the secularist project of Russian communism. According to Marx, the religious consciousness was tantamount to the ‘sigh of the oppressed creature’. Soviet physicians diagnosed the believer as a sufferer, as someone plagued by chronic ‘religious feelings’. Small wonder then that a fixed association between religiosity and morbidity could arise. Under these premises Soviet physicians felt predestined to do direct battle with every form of ecclesiastically determined phenomenon as a health risk factor or manifestation of disease. By using various sources of specialist medical and atheist discourse, this contribution seeks to conceptually understand this confluence of health and atheist propaganda, secularization, and healing in terms of a ‘medicalization of religious faith’ in the early Soviet Union. It will address the various fields of discourse within the Soviet pathologia religiosa, that is, constructions of religion and religiosity as pathological phenomena particularly within psychiatry.
VOKS, Cultural Diplomacy and the Shadow of the Lubianka: Olavi Paavolainen’s 1939 Visit to the Soviet Union
Authors: Laamanen Ville
Published: January 2017

Existing scholarship suggests that Stalin’s Great Terror of 1936–8 seriously undermined Soviet cultural diplomacy and forced its main promoter, the All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries (VOKS), to succumb to the strict control of the party and secret police. By contrast, this article argues that by the spring and summer of 1939 VOKS was recovering from stagnation and reintroducing customs from before the Great Terror. Through a micro-historical analysis of Finnish writer Olavi Paavolainen’s exceptionally long visit to the Soviet Union between May and August 1939, the article demonstrates how case studies of select VOKS operations can explain many of the dilemmas and peculiarities of Soviet cultural diplomacy during the thus far scantily researched 1939–41 period. By focusing on the interactions between Paavolainen, the VOKS vice-chairman Grigori Kheifets and Soviet writers, the article illustrates that after the purges, VOKS continued its efforts to disseminate a positive and controlled image of Soviet life by complex means that linked propaganda with network-building. Finally, the article highlights the role of individuals in cultural diplomacy and explores how an outsider perceived the Great Terror’s effects on Soviet cultural intelligentsia.
Unconditional Positive Self-Regard, Intrinsic Aspirations, and Authenticity: Pathways to Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Murphy David , Joseph Stephen , Demetriou Evangelia , Karimi-Mofrad Pegah
Published: January 2017

Unconditional positive self-regard (UPSR) is regarded by humanistic psychologists as an important determinant of well-being. However, until recently, it has received little empirical attention. The current study aims to examine the association between UPSR and several key constructs consistent with the ideas of well-being within contemporary humanistic and positive psychology. Study 1 is a confirmatory factor analysis of the UPSR scale. The significant best fit for the data was a related two-factor model. Study 2 used the two-factors of the UPSR scale to explore the association with intrinsic aspirations. The study showed positive self-regard was significantly positively correlated with the intrinsic aspirations-total scale and with each of the separate scores for intrinsic aspirations-importance and intrinsic aspirations-chance. Unconditionality of regard was significantly negatively correlated with intrinsic aspirations-importance but was not significantly correlated to either the intrinsic aspirations-total or intrinsic aspirations-chance scores. Study 3 considers the association between UPSR, intrinsic aspirations, and authenticity. Unconditionality of regard was significantly positively correlated with the authenticity scale score. Only intrinsic aspirations-chance scores showed a statistically significant and positive correlation with authenticity. The remaining correlations between intrinsic aspirations and authenticity were not statistically significant. Results call for further empirical attention to UPSR within humanistic and positive psychology research.
LRNG to Read: A Simulation for Teacher Training
Authors: Morsink Catherine
Published: January 2017

This is a live demonstration on how to teach children who have difficulty in learning. Its purpose is to simulate for educators the experience of the disabled reader and, in so doing, help them to reach him. A small group from the audience acts as students who are taught to read a weather code for pilots. The entire audience participates by following silently, hoping they won't be asked to read aloud. Through failure they gain empathy, and in success they develop insight. Discussion follows. Time for the demonstration is about 30 minutes, plus discussion. The author wishes to point out that learning to read is not as simple as the task presented in this article. This simulation was not designed to parallel the complex task of reading. Instead, it was created to heighten the teacher's sensitivity to the importance of her role in helping the disabled reader.
Rehabilitation of Learning in a Hospital Class Using Psychoactive Drugs
Authors: Yang Dorothy C. , Fisch Martin L. , Lamm Stanley S.
Published: January 2017

Through the combined efforts of the educational and health care professionals, in a hospital based outpatient special class, a unique environment was provided for children with learning disabilities. Eight children who were uncontainable in public schools showed improvement after four semesters in this special class. Procedures emphasized daily intercommunication between educators and staff, enabling modification in progress to be made constantly. Drugs were used to help these children be more receptive to learning. We have found both Ritalin and Dexedrine decreased distractibility, irritability, silly behavior, and overactivity.
Fit to be Interviewed by the Police — An Aid to Assessment
Authors: Norfolk Guy
Published: January 2017

The assessment of a suspect's fitness to be interviewed by the police is becoming an increasingly important part of a police surgeon's workload. This paper discusses the assessment in terms of the various factors that may render a person prone to providing an involuntary or false confession and proposes an aide memoire to assist the examining doctor.
The Working Practices of the Police in Relation to Mentally Disordered Offenders and Diversion Services
Authors: Vaughan Phillip J , Kelly Maria , Pullen Nick
Published: January 2017

A research study was undertaken to examine the working practices of four bridewells in Hampshire in relation to mentally disordered offenders (MDOs) and diversion services. A consecutive sample of individuals detained in cells and not identified by the police as having a mental disorder were screened for the presence of mental disorder and their suitability for diversion. Custody and detention staff were observed and interviewed to elicit their views and working practices in relation to MDOs. The findings revealed that in bridewells with diversion schemes an average of about 7% of detained individuals had mental disorders who were suitable for diversion but were not detected by the police. In the bridewell without a diversion scheme the figure was 14%. Conversely, many individuals without a formal mental disorder were innappropriately referred to diversion schemes. The effectiveness of screening processes by custody staff was variable. Facilities in the bridewells were not suitable for containing disturbed individuals. Delays in obtaining mental health assessments caused considerable concern for police officers and prolonged the discomfort of vulnerable individuals. Further preparation and training of custody staff is needed to improve screening procedures. Reception and detention facilities for mentally disordered individuals should be reviewed and response times for approved social workers (ASWs) and psychiatrists would benefit from improvement.
Sudden Death and Intussusception in Infancy and Childhood - Autopsy Considerations
Authors: Byard R W , Simpson A
Published: January 2017

Search of the autopsy files of the Department of Histopathology at the Women's and Children's Hospital (WCH), Adelaide, Australia for cases of intussusception from January 1961 to December 1995 revealed two deaths due to intussusception out of a total of 4,384 autopsies (0.05%). Both cases occurred in infants (aged five months and six months respectively) who had only non-specific and apparently minor manifestations of illness, until precipitate deterioration occurred. The intussusceptions were ileo-ileal and ileocaecal in location, respectively. A total of 204 cases of intussusception were found in a search of 28,123 surgical pathology cases (0.73%) at the WCH over the 20-year period from 1976 to 1995. Mesenteric lymphadenopathy was found in 16 cases (including one with possible Yersinia infection), Meckels diverticulum in 14, isolated gastric/pancreatic heterotopia in two, cystic fibrosis in two and Henoch-Schonlein purpura in one. Although it has been shown that unexpected death is more likely to occur in older children with purely small intestinal intussusception, the current cases demonstrate that unexpected death may occur at any age, with intussusception at any level. The autopsy assessment of deaths due to intussusception requires careful evaluation of cases for evidence of local or systemic disease, particularly given the hereditary nature of certain predisposing conditions. Careful review of the presenting history is also required to assess the quality of care received by the child in the time preceding death.
Death of a Psychiatric Patient during Physical Restraint. Excited Delirium — A Case Report
Authors: Morrison Audrey , Sadler David
Published: January 2017

We report the case of a young man with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia and multiple drug abuse who died in hospital following a period of prolonged physical restraint. The literature is reviewed, possible factors contributing to death discussed and measures which may reduce the incidence of such deaths in the future highlighted.
A Prospective Study Using the Monroe Dyscontrol Scale as a Measure of Impulsivity in Referrals to a Forensic Psychiatry Service
Authors: Fearnley D , Williams T
Published: January 2017

Many people referred to a forensic psychiatry service will have displayed impulsive aggression. There are few validated tests to allow a quantitative measurement of such behaviour. The Monroe Dyscontrol Scale (MDS) arose from work that recognized certain symptoms in people who had impulsive aggression, the so-called ‘episodic dyscontrol syndrome’. This study uses the MDS in two groups of people who were referred to a forensic psychiatry service. One was a group of ‘mentally disordered’ in-patients, and the other comprised consecutive referrals to the service. The groups were compared and certain features noted. The most interesting feature was that a family history of epilipsy was common, and associated with high scores on the MDS. The value of the MDS, and the importance of a family history of epilepsy, are discussed.
Survey of the Use of the Interim Hospital Order in Scotland (1985-94)
Authors: White T , Douds Fergus , Henderson T , Anderson J
Published: January 2017

A retrospective case note review was undertaken of all admissions to the State Hospital under an Interim Hospital Order between 1985 and 1994 (n=73). This represented 89 per cent of all Interim Orders made by the Scottish courts during this time period. Thirty-one per cent of patients received a non hospital disposal at the end of the assessment. Seventy-eight per cent of the interim hospital orders were for a period of three months of less. The demographic, illness and offence backgrounds of the group is presented. In addition, the outcome of the assessment is discussed in the light of current legislative changes.
1. Cutaneous Burns from CS Incapacitant Spray
Authors: Southward R D
Published: January 2017

A case of a superficial burn following exposure to CS incapacitant spray is reported. This is followed by a summary of the properties and effects of CS and the other agents which occur in the incapacitant spray. CS is relatively safe, but it does have unwanted effects, especially on skin exposure. Possible contributing factors to the production of a skin burn are discussed.
3. The Reconstruction: a Useful Tool in Forensic Sciences
Authors: Brandt-Casadevall Conxita , Krompecher Thomas , Mangin Patrice
Published: January 2017

The intervention of a forensic pathologist may be required at any stage of a judicial investigation. Clearly, he or she plays an important role at a crime scene and later on during the examination of the body. But the forensic pathologist's contribution is equally important during reconstruction, which is most frequently called for in cases of violent deaths, homicides in particular.

However, reconstruction may also be very useful in cases of less importance in terms of criminal law. It requires little investment and can provide precious evidence. In the two cases presented here we were able to exclude, respectively, the presumption of the adulteration of a blood sample taken for alcohol dosage and the accidental origin of an attempted murder. In fact, reconstruction may be a valuable procedure in any event requiring the participation of a forensic expert.
Blood Grouping from Teeth by the Absorption-Elution Technique and its Role in Establishing Identity
Authors: Mukherjee J. B. , Chattopadhyay P. K.
Published: January 2017

Identification of a deceased subject can be established not only from the skeletal remains (including the congenital peculiarities in setting of teeth) but it can also be precisely established by blood grouping from the teeth with the help of the absorption-elution technique. A case record is furnished, where this method has been successfully carried out.
Traumatic Rupture of Spleen following a Trivial Injury (A Case Report)
Authors: Vanezis Peter
Published: January 2017

An unusual fatal road traffic accident case is reported in which an enlarged spleen in an active working man was ruptured. The deceased was known to have cirrhosis of the liver with portal hypertension.
Psychiatric Assessment of the Dangerous Offender in the Netherlands
Authors: Strachan James G.
Published: January 2017

The background and developments in Dutch forensic psychiatry since the Second World War, particularly in the field of assessment prior to trial, are described. In particular the work of the Pieter Baan Centre, a national unit providing reports to the courts on the dangerous criminal, is used to provide an insight into a system which has implications for developments in UK forensic psychiatry services.
The Appearance and Grouping of Mixtures of Semen and Vaginal Material
Authors: Davies Anne
Published: January 2017

The grouping reactions of seminal stains and mixtures of semen and vaginal material have been collected from approximately 400 cases of sexual assault. These have been recorded together with details of the microscopic appearance of the stains and relevant case-work particulars. The success rate of some of the grouping systems used to type semen has been estimated. The detection of seminal ABO antigens and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) phenotypes in mixtures of semen and vaginal material has been discussed in relation to the proportions of the components of the stains.
Fire Deaths in the Glasgow Area: III the Role of Hydrogen Cyanide
Authors: Anderson R. A. , Harland W.A.
Published: January 2017

An assessment is presented of the importance of cyanide in fire deaths in the United Kingdom during the period 1976–79. Concentrations of cyanide and its principal metabolite in man, thiocyanate, were measured in 139 fire fatalities and for comparison purposes, in groups of non-fatal fire casualties, firemen and controls. Cyanide levels were found to be significantly elevated in fatalities and non-fatal casualties but not in firemen when compared to controls and in addition, smokers showed higher blood levels of cyanide than non-smokers. 78 per cent of the fatalities had elevated cyanide levels. 31 per cent had levels which would have caused toxic effects and of these, 12 per cent were likely to have shown symptoms of severe cyanide poisoning. No additive or synergistic effects were observed in fatalities between cyanide and other factors including carbon monoxide, alcohol, the age of the victim and the presence of heart disease. Thiocyanate levels in fatalities showed some correlation with the cyanide level but this was not sufficiently significant to permit thiocyanate to be used as an index of metabolised cyanide.
Thin Layer Chromatography as a Routine Appropriate Technique for the Determination of Bipyridylium Herbicides in Post Mortem Human Tissues
Authors: Van Den Heede M. , Heyndrickx A. , Timperman J.
Published: January 2017

A thin layer chromatographic procedure for the detection of bipyridylium compounds in post-mortem human tissues is described. To verify the suitability of the method, human biological samples originating from two fatal poisoning cases, are analyzed. In the first case, an amount of Gramoxone® (Paraquat) was taken orally. Death occurred after ± 30 hours without any specific treatment. The second case is concerned with an ingestion of Reglone® (Diquat), followed by death after 5 days of intensive care treatment.
Young's Modulus in the Identification of Human Scalp Hair
Authors: Johri M. C. , Jatar D. P.
Published: January 2017

Young's modulus of 12 samples of human scalp hair, representing both sexes, has been determined to find out whether this physical characteristic could be used in the determination of sex, age or identity of a person. Hair samples of an individual were tested before as well as after washing and drying by ‘Constant Rate of Loading’ (CRL) method. Results indicate that washing and drying have some influence on the Young's modulus of human head hair. On washing and drying, the values of this parameter for both male and female hair are found to increase, but statistically the difference is insignificant. The Young's modulus values appear to be of little value in determining the sex of an individual. For differentiating between individuals also, due to large variation in the random values of hair of the same scalp, this property appears to be useful only for purposes of elimination in certain circumstances, particularly if hair is found in some fair quantity, and not for positive identification.
Case Report — Hysterical Amnesia as an Alternative to Suicide
Authors: Gudjonsson Gisli H. , Haward Lionel R. C.
Published: January 2017

A case of hysterical amnesia is presented together with psychometric, psychophysiological and behavioural data. In the early stages of the amnesia the patient appeared preoccupied with death which was stress-related as measured by the Dektor Psychological Stress Evaluator. Any attempt to reduce the amnesia made the patient become markedly suicidal. The findings are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that in certain circumstances dissociative amnesia can be a substitute for suicide.
An Evaluation of the Diatom Test in Deaths of Professional Divers
Authors: Calder Ian M.
Published: January 2017

The use of the Diatom Test for drowning is controversial. In order to make a more realistic approach in the clinical field it was routinely used and evaluated in a study of the deaths of seventy professional divers where history and mode of death were accurately monitored. It shows that with the use of proper technique and controls—and taken in the proper context—it can give useful supportive evidence of drowning.
Observations on the Vascular Pattern of the Left Ventricular Freewall in Normal and Hypertrophied Hearts
Authors: Odesanmi W. O.
Published: January 2017

The arterial vascular pattern of the myocardium of the left ventricular freewall of normal and hypertrophied human hearts was studied by post mortem injection of a radio-opaque medium Colourpaque, and the taking of microradiographs of transverse ventricular slices using the immersion technique.

The branching type arteries supplied the myocardial wall including the subendocardial zone, the straight type arteries supplied the papillary muscles and the trabeculae carnae. The branching and straight type arteries in the hypertrophied hearts were of smaller calibre than normal hearts. The vascular pattern in the freewall of hearts with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy was similar to those of hearts with asymmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy.