bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biodegradability and mechanical behavior of novel hybrid green composites fabricated with cashew shell particle, sisal fiber and corn starch resin
Authors: Musthafa Abdul Kareem , Arulraj Arockia Julias , Rajamanickam Sathish Kumar , Manoharan Mohanraj , Sattanathan Sivakumar , Jeyakumar P.D.
Published: March 2024

Increased use of synthetic non-biodegradable polymeric matrices for composite manufacturing, poses a serious threat to the environment. This necessitates the development of 100 % biodegradable green composites using natural plant-based fibers and biodegradable natural polymers. This study focuses on the biodegradability and mechanical characteristics of biodegradable green hybrid composites fabricated with particles of agricultural waste cashew shell, sisal fibers, and corn starch resin using hand layup followed by compression molding. Mechanical characteristics such as tensile, flexural, impact strength, shore D hardness, and soil burial biodegradation characteristics were studied experimentally. The microstructures of the fractured surfaces were also analyzed through SEM images. Composite sample fabricated with an optimum cashew shell particle proportion of 10 wt %, three sisal fiber mat layers and corn starch resin has recorded the highest mechanical strengths such as 11.4 MPa, 10.9 MPa and 310.15 J/m in tensile, flexural and impact strengths respectively. Thus, the green hybrid composite made with agricultural waste cashew shell particles, sisal fibers, and corn starch resin is a potential and eco-friendly modern material for light load and short-life applications.
Impact of gamma irradiation on phytochemical composition, and biological activities of Lepidium sativum seeds extract
Authors: Hadj Rabia Samia , Debib Aicha , Eddaikra Atika , Aberkane-Mchebbek Lila , Nouri Ramy , Benmoussa Fatima , Mokhtari Amine , Medjber Sarah , Mansouri Belkacem , Messaoudi Mohammed
Published: March 2024

The main objective of this research is to assess how gamma radiation influences the chemical composition and activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of Lepidium sativum (L. sativum) seeds. Methanolic extracts were obtained through a 24 h maceration process from L. sativum seeds exposed to various doses of gamma irradiation. Phytochemical screening involved precipitation and staining reactions, with the antioxidant potential assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated through a diffusion test on agar medium, while the cytotoxic potential on the lung cancer line “A-549 cells” was examined using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Qualitative analysis of the extracts identified preserved bioactive constituents after irradiation. Additionally, quantitative analysis indicated a significant rise in the total content of polyphenols and flavonoids under radiation, accompanied by an enhanced reducing power compared to the control. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic capabilities also improved, evident in increased growth inhibition zones for certain microbial strains and reduced viability rates of A549 cells. These results show promise and warrant further investigation into the potential of gamma radiation to enhance additional biological effects of plants.
Are Individual Care Investments Affected by Past Accident Experiences?
Authors: Guerra Alice , Parisi Francesco
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we analyze the impact of past accident experiences on individual care choices. By relying on standard economic theory and evidence of behavioral economics and psychology, we posit that individuals’ care investments should be affected by their past accidents as injurers or victims (accident-history effect hypothesis), or by their prior exposure to accident risks in the opposite role (role-reversal effect hypothesis). We test these two hypotheses using experimental data. We find that individuals’ accident history has no statistically significant effect on their care investments, but that care decisions vary with changes in the parties’ roles. Specifically, injurers with prior experience as victims invest statistically more in care than injurers without prior victim experience. By contrast, care investments are not sensitive to victims’ prior experience as injurers. Our research can be regarded as a preliminary study toward the understanding of the role of past accident experiences on individuals’ care behavior, and calls for both replication efforts and reconsideration of traditional economic models of torts.
Cone-Opponent Ganglion Cells in the Primate Fovea Tuned to Non-Cardinal Color Directions
Authors: Godat Tyler , Kohout Kendall , Parkins Keith , Yang Qiang , McGregor Juliette E. , Merigan William H. , Williams David R. , Patterson Sara S.
Published: March 2024

A long-standing question in vision science is how the three cone photoreceptor types – long (L), medium (M) and short (S) wavelength sensitive – combine to generate our perception of color. Hue perception can be described along two opponent axes: red-green and blue-yellow. Psychophysical measurements of color appearance indicate that the cone inputs to the red-green and blue-yellow opponent axes are M vs. L+S and L vs. M+S, respectively. However, the “cardinal directions of color space” revealed by psychophysical measurements of color detection thresholds following adaptation are L vs. M and S vs. L+M. These cardinal directions match the most common cone-opponent retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the primate retina. Accordingly, the cone opponency necessary for color appearance is thought to be established in cortex. However, small populations with the appropriate M vs. L+S and L vs. M+S cone-opponency have been reported in large surveys of cone inputs to primate RGCs and their projections to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), yet their existence continues to be debated. Resolving this long-standing open question is necessary because a complete account of the cone-opponency in the retinal output is critical for efforts to understand how downstream neural circuits process color. Here, we performed adaptive optics calcium imaging to longitudinally, noninvasively measure foveal RGC light responses in the living macaque (Macaca fascicularis) eye. We confirm the presence of L vs. M+S and M vs. L+S neurons with non-cardinal cone-opponency and demonstrate that cone-opponent signals in the retinal output are more diverse than classically thought.

Significance StatementRetinal ganglion cells (RGCs) provide the only source of visual information to the brain and thus make up the building blocks for downstream visual processing. Accordingly, a complete account of how RGCs compare the cone photoreceptors is critical for understanding color vision. The cone inputs to the most common primate RGCs establish “cardinal directions” in color space that can explain color detection, but not color appearance. We identified foveal RGCs with non-cardinal cone opponency matching the signed cone inputs to red, green, blue and yellow. While this correlation does not imply causation, it opens new directions for understanding the neural processing of color. Our results indicate that the spectral information in the retinal output is more diverse than classically thought.
Ultra-sensitive LC MEMS for bladder pressure monitoring using modified slotted diaphragm
Authors:   Laboratory of Electronic Photonic and Optronic (LEPO), Department of Electronic, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, Algeria, Tahar L. , Malika K. ,   Laboratory of Electronic Photonic and Optronic (LEPO), Department of Electronic, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, Algeria
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we have designed and simulated an implantable MEMS-based LC pressure sensor for bladder pressure monitoring. The device is composed of metal-insulator-metal capacitive sensor in which the size of the diaphragm is 1 mm × 1 mm of 5 µm thickness. Besides, novel modified-slotted diaphragm is developed to improve the sensitivity by decreasing the mechanical rigidity of the membrane. We used the COMSOL Multiphysics a tool for design and simulation. According to the results, the frequency response to the variable pressure is varied within the range of 35.23 to 119.72 MHz, the results also yield a value obtained of the quality factor is worth 32 with high value of 4.22 kHz/Pa sensor sensitivity. Hence, this sensor with a novel modified-slotted diaphragm has a high-pressure sensitivity, which shows 2.91 times more sensitivity than clamped diaphragm.
Nilai Indeks Glikemik Sereal Jagung dengan Penambahan Kacang Hijau dan Kacang Merah
Authors: Cahyani Irma Dewi , Purbowati Purbowati
Published: March 2024

Cereal is an instan food can be consumed as breakfast or as a side dish. The development of corn cereal products is an effort to modify ingredients and diversify local food. The aim of substation addition was to increase the protein and fiber content to reduce the glycemic index value so that it can control blood glucose levels. The study purpose was to describe the glycemic index of mung bean corn cereal and red bean corn cereal. The method was pre-post test control group design. The subjects were 10 students. Subjects were given treatment three times, namely pure glucose, mung bean corn cereal and red bean corn cereal. Each treatment was given a gap of 2 days. Each treatment was checked for blood glucose five times, namely at minute 0 (fasting glucose, the subject had fasted for 8 hours), and after treatment at minutes 30, 60, 90, 120. Determination of the portion of glucose and cereal products was 50 g carbohydrates based on TKPI 2019. The results are the glycemic index of mung bean corn cereal is 28.68 while the glycemic index of red bean corn cereal is 20.32. Both corn cereal products are included in the low category (<50).
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Gizi Anak Sekolah melalui Media Interaktif E-Book di Era New Normal Covid-19
Authors: Susilo Mursid Tri , Prameswari Galuh Nita , Sobihin Sobihin , Supriyadi Agung , Majdiyyah Munifa , Febriansyah Ilham Ardi , Khakim Lukmanul , Febriyanti Ade Risma , Ayurestu Diah
Published: March 2024

Nutritional problems that occur in school-age children are very short, very thin, and obese. The Covid-19 outbreak has resulted in monitoring nutrition and school health in Semarang unable to be carried out optimally. Such conditions further trigger the emergence of nutritional problems in elementary school children. This study aims to determine the effect of using interactive e-book media on the nutritional knowledge of school children in the new normal era of covid-19. This type of research is experimental with a one group pre-post test design. The sampling method used cluster sampling by randomly selecting one sub-district from 16 sub-districts in the city of Semarang. Gunungpati sub-district was chosen as the target of taking research subjects by selecting 20 students from the Nongkosawit State Elementary School 01 Semarang City as research subjects.The results showed that elementary school children were still found to be short, overweight, and obese. The Wilcoxon test showed that there was a significant difference in nutritional knowledge between before the use of the e-book compared to after its use (p<0.05), 3 subjects’ knowledge decreased, 1 remained, 16 increased.
In silico-designed vitrification protocols: an approach to improve survival of in vitro produced-bovine embryos
Authors: Martínez-Rodero Iris , Diaz-Muñoz Judith , Higgins Adam Z , López Béjar Manel , Mogas Teresa , García-Martínez Tania
Published: March 2024

In brief

In silico predictions validated in this study demonstrate the potential for designing shorter equilibration protocols that improve post-warming re-expansion and hatching rates of D7 and D8 in vitro-produced bovine embryos. Our results benefit the livestock industry by providing a refined and reproducible approach to cryopreserving bovine embryos, which, in addition, could be useful for other mammalian species.

The cryopreservation of in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos is vital in the cattle industry for genetic selection and crossbreeding programs. Despite its importance, there is no standardized protocol yielding pregnancy rates comparable to fresh embryos. Current approaches often neglect the osmotic tolerance responses to cryoprotectants based on temperature and time. Hereby, we propose improved vitrification methods using shorter dehydration-based protocols. Blastocysts cultured for 7 (D7) or 8 days (D8) were exposed to standard equilibration solution (ES) at 25ºC and 38.5ºC. Optimized exposure times for each temperature and their impact on post-warming re-expansion, hatching rates, cell counts, and apoptosis rate were determined. In silico predictions aligned with in vitro observations, showing original volume recovery within 8 min 30 s at 25ºC or 3 min 40 s at 38.5ºC (D7 blastocysts) and 4 min 25 s at 25ºC and 3 min 15 s at 38.5ºC (D8 blastocysts) after exposure to ES. Vitrification at 38.5ºC resulted in D7 blastocysts re-expansion and hatching rates (93.1% and 38.1%, respectively) comparable to fresh embryos (100.0% and 32.4%, respectively), outperforming the 25ºC protocol (86.2% and 24.4%, respectively; P < 0.05). No differences were observed between D7 and D8 blastocysts using the 38.5ºC protocol. Total cell number was maintained for D7 and D8 blastocysts vitrified at 38.5ºC but decreased at 25ºC (P < 0.05). Apoptosis rates increased post-warming (P < 0.05), except for D8 blastocysts vitrified at 38.5ºC, resembling fresh controls. In conclusion, based on biophysical permeability data, new ES incubation times of 3 min 40 s for D7 blastocysts and 3 min 15 s for D8 blastocysts at 38.5ºC were validated for optimizing vitrification/warming methods for bovine IVP blastocysts.
Dark Patterns
Authors: Stadtmann Georg , Schöber Timo
Published: March 2024

Die Hersteller von Computer- und Videospielen, die Publisher, sehen sich in den vergangenen Jahren immer häufiger Kritik hinsichtlich der in ihren Spielen implementierten Geschäftsmodellmuster ausgesetzt. Diese betreffen nicht immer nur das Spiel selbst, sondern gegebenenfalls auch Aspekte, die außerhalb des eigentlichen Spiels liegen, man denke etwa an Abonnements, die abgeschlossen werden müssen. Ein Beispiel für die wachsende Kritik an den Geschäftsmodellen ist das Spiel „Fortnite“ vom Publisher „Epic Games“. Dieses verfügt über eine Vielzahl von intelligent eingesetzten Modellen und setzt diese umfassend ein. Es sind in den USA und Kanada zahlreiche Klagen gegen den Publisher anhängig. Es zeigt sich daher, dass die Auseinandersetzung mit und die Betrachtung von Geschäftsmodellen in Computer- und Videospielen von hoher praktischer Relevanz als auch Aktualität sind.
Isothermal hardening of iron-carbon alloys combined with their casting
Authors:   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Doroshenko V.S. , Kaliuzhnyi P.B. ,   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

Isothermal hardening (Austempering) of iron-based alloys with medium and high carbon content, which creates a metallic structure called bainite, is used to increase the strength and impact toughness of the metal. The parts are heated to a temperature approximately 200-300 °C below the solidification temperature of the metal, then cooled (hardened) fairly quickly to the temperature of the beginning of the bainite transformation, avoiding the martensitic transformation, and kept for a time sufficient to obtain the given bainite microstructure. IG is particularly advantageous for castings from high-strength cast iron (HC), adding to the high foundry performance of the growth of the mechanical characteristics of this alloy to the level of steel strength at a lower cost, density and energy consumption of HC casting compared to steel. The article examines methods of heat treatment of castings removed in a hot austenitic state from a sand mold, as a type of heat treatment of iron-carbon alloys combined with their casting. For this, casting according to gasification models was used, in which, due to the high fluidity of the dry sand of the casting mold, it is not difficult to remove hot castings from the mold for tempering. A number of IG methods previously patented by the FTIMS Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences have been supplemented by a new method of such hardening in a dosed amount of water, taking into account the effect of its film boiling. The new method includes the calculation of the optimal mass of quenching liquid - water with the aim of heating this mass of water to its boiling point at the time of cooling of the casting to the given temperature of the bainite transformation of the metal. The method saves the quenching liquid, simplifies the control of the duration of cooling, during which it allows the transportation of castings between the foundry and heat-treatment sections, which, in general, saves time, energy resources and the area of the workshop for obtaining heat-treated castings. Keywords: isothermal hardening, heat treatment, castings, austenite, lost foam casting.
Microwave-assisted extraction of pectin from queen pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) peel
Authors: De Los Santos Liezel E. , Pardo Mary Grace T. , De Vela Roger Jay L.
Published: March 2024

This study attempted to optimize pectin extraction from queen pineapple (Qp) peels using microwave-assisted method. A three-factor factorial experimental design was employed to test the interaction of moisture content of pineapple peel, pH of the citric acid solution and extraction time. The three-way interaction among the factors has a significant effect on pectin recovery. Two-way interaction between moisture content and pH level, as well as pH level and extraction time caused significant difference in the pectin recovery. Pectin recovery increases with lower moisture content while longer extraction time does not significantly increase pectin recovery. The optimum combination of the parameters is 12% moisture content, pH level 2 of the citric acid solution, and extraction duration of 2 min, which yielded 1.01 ± 0.01% pectin recovery. This is lower than the results from previous studies on pineapple with 3.88–13.06% pectin recovery using acid extraction method. Hence further optimization is recommended.
EFFECT OF HMX CONTENT ON THERMAL SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS OF MODIFIED DOUBLE-BASE PROPELLANTS
Authors: Zuo Lin-Wei , Cheng Wan-Li , Lv Chun-Ling , Liu Meng-Hui , Xie Mu-Yang
Published: March 2024

In order to explore the thermal safety characteristics of modified double-base propellants, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the thermal decomposition of modified double-base propellants with high melting explosive (HMX) content of 0%, 21%, and 40%, respectively. The thermal decomposition temperatures at the heating rates of 2, 5,10, and 20°C·min-1 were obtained. The apparent activation energy, pre-exponential factor, reaction rate, Gibbs free energy, activation enthalpy, and activation entropy were calculated by thermal reaction kinetics analysis. The response characteristics of modified double-base propellants with different HMX contents were obtained through slow cook-off, 5 s explosion point, and methyl violet chemical stability tests to characterize the thermal safety of propellants. The insensitivity of modified double-base propellant containing HMX was further studied by flame sensitivity and mechanical sensitivity tests. The results showed that when HMX content was 21%, the apparent activation energy was the highest, the slow cook-off response was the lowest, the 5 s explosion point response temperature was the highest, the methyl violet test paper had the longest discoloration time, and the flame sensitivity and mechanical sensitivity were the lowest; With the increase of HMX content, the first decomposition peak temperature of DSC moves backward, and the apparent activation energy decreases. The slow cook-off response temperature of the double-base propellant moves to the high-temperature direction, and the response level increases accordingly. When the HMX content is 40% or more, the response level is explosive, which cannot pass the slow cook-off test. After HMX component is added into the sample, its 5 s explosion point temperature moves to high temperature, and the trend of rise is obvious. The discoloration time of methyl violet test paper is prolonged, and the thermal stability of modified double-base propellant is improved; The flame sensitivity and the mechanical sensitivity decreased, which was helpful to improve the low vulnerability of the formula.
EFFECTS OF MOMENTUM SLIP AND CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY CONDITION ON A FORCED CONVECTION IN A CHANNEL FILLED WITH BIDISPERSE POROUS MEDIUM (BDPM)
Authors: Vanengmawia P. C. , Ontela Surender
Published: March 2024

An analytical investigation is conducted on forced convection in a parallel plate channel filled with a bidisperse porous medium (BDPM). The flow and temperature fields are studied for both the fluid phase and solid phase using the two-velocity two-temperature model, taking into consideration the convective boundary condition at the channel walls and the momentum slip. The governing equations are nondimensionalized and solved using the homotopy analysis method (HAM) to determine the velocity and temperature profiles for both phases. The study reveals that the increase in temperature for the solid phase is significantly greater than that of the fluid phase. The effects of different parameters, including the Darcy number, Biot number, slip parameter, and Brinkman number, on the velocity, temperature, Nusselt number, and skin friction are also analyzed.
El cambio de significado en la traducción del árabe al español
Authors: Soto Aranda Beatriz
Published: March 2024

Contemporary Translation Studies focus on the construction of Otherness in current societies, particularly concerning cultural minorities, by assuming that power relations exist and that translation, as a culture-shaping force, exerts enormous power in building representations of foreign cultures. This matter is especially relevant concerning Arabic because it is one of the most spoken foreign languages in the Spanish linguistic context and because of its media associations with critical issues such as terrorism. In this sense, translation from Arabic into Spanish has been studied mainly from an extra-textual perspective, analysing the preliminary norms that select the topics of the books and the authors to be translated (Carbonell, 1998; El-Madkouri Maataoui, 2003a; Soto Aranda, 2019). However, few studies address operational norms, explaining transformations at the micro-textual level. This chapter aims to contribute to that end by analysing the change of meaning in the translational process from Arabic into Spanish and the pragmatic, semantic, and discursive implications of such changes. Fragments of translations of literary texts and the Quran, published in Spain, are used as a corpus of analysis. The analysis is complemented by explaining the problems caused when translating religious phraseology in the context of interpretation in the courts. In the cases analysed, the study concludes that the changes in meaning are motivated by the translators' lack of pragmatic proficiency and such extra-linguistic factors as ideology.
La traducción automatizada de los fraseologismos en español, francés e inglés
Authors: El-Madkouri Maataoui Mohamed
Published: March 2024

The aim of this chapter is to explore the translatability of specific cases of natural language by certain automatic translation programs, mainly Google.translate, DeepL, Microsoft Translator and Tradukka. To this end, a total of twenty-five natural phraseologisms frequently used in the media (sayings, quotations, parables, collocations, etc.) will be submitted in two languages (French and English) in order to explore their translatability from and into Spanish. The phraseologisms will be subjected to automatic translation isolated from their context to see which of them is taken as a "lexicalized" unit and which is decomposed as if it were a sentence (El-Madkouri, 2020). In the second stage, the same phraseologisms will be subjected to the same process once they have been textualized, to see if the textual context influences the way in which the programs resolve the problem of meaning and signification.
Effect of West Indian Bay Leaf (Pimenta racemosa) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Essential Oils on Preserving Raw Chicken Breasts
Authors: John Che , Maharaj Rohanie
Published: March 2024

Research background. While the use of chemical preservatives in meat may appear to be tremendously advantageous, they have long been purported to increase the risk of incidence of certain types of cancers. Consequently, many people have opted for minimally processed alternatives. This consumer shift has placed substantial pressure on the food industry to implement more natural alternatives to these synthetic preservatives in the meat industry. Research on plant extracts as potential agents for food additives is increasing. The bioactive components present in West Indian bay leaf and turmeric essential oils have a promising potential for use as novel, green preservatives in the meat industry.
Experimental approach. Raw chicken breast samples (28 g) were each treated with different volumes (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mL) of the essential oil of West Indian bay leaf or turmeric or their mixture (1:1 to make up a final volume of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mL). Physicochemical, microbiological and sensory evaluations were performed on the fresh and treated samples stored for 14 days at 4 °C.
Results and conclusions. The West Indian bay leaf oil had a higher extraction yield and total phenolic content, while the turmeric oil had a higher total flavonoid content. The most effective treatments, compared to the control, significantly (p<0.05) minimized the pH increase by 13.9 % (1.5 mL bay leaf oil), reduced texture loss by 44.8 % (1.5 mL oil mixture) and reduced protein loss by 98.9 % (1 mL bay leaf oil). Most treated samples had reduced microbial loads, with the turmeric oil showing the highest efficacy against lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Treated samples had significantly higher (p<0.05) sensory scores than the control on the final day of storage, with the 1.5 mL oil mixture proving to be the most effective, as the storage life of the chicken breast sample was extended by 6 days.
Novelty and scientific contribution. This study has shown for the first time that the essential oil from turmeric and West Indian bay leaf can extend the shelf life of raw chicken breast and highlights the potential of the oil as natural preservative agents in lieu of synthetic alternatives.
Antigenotoxic and Life-Prolonging Effects of Flavoured Kombuchas on Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Burgazlı Ayşen Yağmur , Tagorti Ghada , Yalçın Burçin , Güneş Merve , Eroğlu Berfin , Delik Eda , Tefon Öztürk Burcu Emine , Kaya Bülent
Published: March 2024

Research background. Kombucha is a fermented beverage with several health benefits; however, to improve its antioxidant activity, new raw materials such as hop, madimak and hawthorn were included in the present study.
Experimental approach. The somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) was performed on the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) to evaluate the antigenotoxic potential of black tea-flavoured kombucha and three other flavours of kombuchas (hop, madimak and hawthorn) against H2O2- and K2Cr2O7-induced genotoxicity. Furthermore, a lifespan assay was performed to assess the effects of kombuchas on the longevity of the fruit fly.
Results and conclusions. According to the results obtained from the SMART assay, hop-flavoured kombucha attenuated genotoxicity induced by H2O2, and madimak-flavoured kombucha reduced genotoxicity induced by H2O2 and K2Cr2O7. Black tea- and hop-flavoured kombucha prolonged the lifespan of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) after the treatment with H2O2 and K2Cr2O7.
Novelty and scientific contribution. Hop-flavoured kombucha is a promising antioxidant that protects the genome and extends the lifespan of the fruit fly. This study sheds light on novel beverages that can combat ageing and protect against genotoxicity.
Investition in die Zukunft – Die Aufgaben der unteren Gesundheitsbehörde im Bereich psychische Gesundheit am Beispiel des Frankfurter Gesundheitsamtes
Authors:   Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main, Schlang Christiane , Penzkofer Joëlle ,   Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main, Roos Matthias ,   Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main, Waterstraat Peter ,   Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main, Wende Michael ,   Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main
Published: March 2024

Die Aufgaben der kommunalen Gesundheitsämter zur Förderung und zum Erhalt der psychischen Gesundheit sind vielfältig und abwechslungsreich: Sie bewegen sich im Spannungsfeld zwischen individuellen Bedürfnissen der Betroffenen und bevölkerungsmedizinischer Verantwortung. Gerade vor dem Hintergrund stetiger Krisen und zunehmender gesellschaftlicher Herausforderungen sind die Angebote der Gesundheitsämter eine sinnvolle Investition in die Zukunft.
Kakhramontepa in Southern Uzbekistan
Authors: Boroffka Nikolaus G. O. , Sverchkov Leonid M.
Published: March 2024

The paper presents a brief overview of the excavation results from the early medieval, 4th–5th-century AD fortress of Kakhramontepa in southern Uzbekistan, with a wide range of analogies from Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. Nearby burial groups were also surveyed, some of which belong to the same period. Based on the joint evaluation of the fortress, the find material, the structure of the burials, and written sources, the entire complex could be attributed to the Kidarites, one of the enigmatic peoples known from historical sources and difficult to identify in the archaeological record.
Reconsideration of the name of Tuyuhun
Authors:   The Korean Association for Mongolian Studies, D Caolei
Published: March 2024

The naming issues of the Tuyuhun tribe has long been a focus of academic research on Tuyuhun history, with abundant research findings both domestically and internationally. On the basis of previous research, this article employs methods such as Chinese phonology, ethnic history and literature to study the pronunciation of terms such as “吐谷渾(Tuyuhun)”, “退渾(Tuihun)”, “吐渾(Tuhun)”, “吐谷(Tuyu)”, and “渾(Hun)”. It reconstructs their pronunciation and studies the meanings behind terms such as “阿柴虜(A-chailu)”, “貲虜(Zilu)”, “河南(Henan)”, “阿貲虜(A-zilu)”, “野虜(Yelu)”, and “va zha(A-za)”, which may increase the understanding of ethnic nomenclature. In fact, “退渾(Tuihun)”, “吐渾(Tuhun)”, “渾(Hun)”, and “吐谷”(Tuyu)” are all variant readings and abbreviations of “吐谷渾”(Tuyuhun). “阿貲”(A-zi) and the ancient Tibetan A-za(also written as va zha, translated as “阿夏” in Chinese) share the same pronunciation but differ in translations of the name “阿柴 (A-chai)”. “阿柴虜(A-chailu)”, “貲虜(Zilu)”, “阿貲虜(A-zilu)”, and “野虜(Yelu)” are surnames of some Xianbei people who settled in the Hexi region. These surname also serve as derogatory terms for “吐谷渾(Tuyuhun)”. However, a cautious attitude should be taken in the interpretation of the name “吐谷渾(Tuyuhun)”. In the absence of clear and direct interpretation records, premature conclusions are not advisable.
An analysis of the Rare Earth Elements(REEs) development environment in Mongolia: Focusing on legal environment analysis
Authors:   The Korean Association for Mongolian Studies, Park Eunyeong , Kang Junyoung
Published: March 2024

This paper identifies the development value and production potential of Mongolia’s Rare Earth Elements(REEs) through Mongolia’s laws and determines whether Mongolia can be one of the alternatives to China. As industrial advancement and the era of carbon neutrality arrive, the usage and value of rare earth elements, which are used as essential raw materials for various high-tech industries, continue to increase. At a time when countries such as the United States, Japan, and Europe did not realize the importance of REEs, China monopolized the REEs industry for a long time by purchasing REEs mines around the world or investing heavily in and developing areas where rare earth elements were believed to be buried.
Mongolia’s REEs are receiving attention as one of the alternatives to reduce China’s market dominance. However, the lack of Mongolia’s laws and infrastructure, proper geological surveys, and confidence in foreigners investing in Mongolia due to frequent policy changes are factors that impede development. In order to improve this, the Mongolian government continues to invite many foreign investors, making efforts to attract investment in the Mongolian mining sector, and is discussing restoring the foreign investment environment and improving the legal environment. It is believed that analysis of related laws is also important for Korea to cooperate with Mongolia in mineral development and production. In addition, Mongolia’s efforts to build infrastructure and the fact that it is seeking cooperation with Korea, the United States, and Japan are helping to create a foundation for future investment in Mongolia, which will enhance the possibility of REEs development.
Analyzing twin primes, Goldbach's strong conjecture and Polignac's conjecture
Authors: Mercedes Orús–Lacort , Román Orús , Christophe Joui Christophe Jouis
Published: March 2024

Here we analyze three well-known conjectures: (i) the existence of infinitely many twin primes, (ii) Goldbach's strong conjecture, and (iii) Polignac's conjecture. We show that the three conjectures are related to each other. In particular, we see that in analysing the validity of Goldbach's strong conjecture, one must consider also the existence of an infinite number of twin primes. As a consequence of how we approach this analysis, we also observe that if this conjecture is true, then so is Polignac's conjecture. Our first step is an analysis of the existence of infinitely many twin prime numbers. For this, using the formula 4((n−1)!+1) ≡−n (mod n(n + 2)) – satisfied if and only if (n, n + 2) are twin primes –, together with Wilson's theorem, we obtain conditions that must be met for two numbers to be twin primes. Our results, obtained from an analytic and functional study, lead us to conclude that there may exist infinitely many twin primes. Next, we consider the validity of Goldbach's strong conjecture. After showing that the conjecture is true for the first even numbers, we notice a pattern that we analyze for any even number, reducing it to three cases: (i) when the even number 2n is two times a prime number n; (ii) when the even number 2n is such that n=2m, with 2m-1 and 2m+1 twin primes; (iii) all other cases, i.e., for any 2n even number ∀n∈N with n > 1, n prime or not, with independence of n=2m being 2m-1 and 2m+1 twin primes or not. In this last case, we show that one can always find a certain r∈N such that 1 < r < n satisfying that n − r and n + r are primes, so that their sum is 2n. In this case, we use the reduction to absurd method, and our results lead us to conclude that Goldbach's strong conjecture is true to the best of our calculations, and Polignac's conjecture as well.
Labeling of host immune cells with magnetic nanoparticles v1
Authors: J. Koch Eric , S Foster Jamie
Published: March 2024

This protocol describes a technique to label the innate immune cells of a host squid, known as hemocytes, with commercially available magnetic nanoparticles (i.e., magdots). The goal of this technique is to label the hemocytes so that they could be reintroduced into the host animal and be tracked with downstream applications, such as fluorescence and magnetic particle imaging, or manipulated with techniques such as magnetic tweezers. The labeling technique can be applied to any cell type with phagocytic capabilities.
Large volume viral RNA extraction using MagMAX Viral RNA Isolation Kit v1
Authors: Bujaki Erika , Wilton Thomas , Klapsa Dimitra , Tedcastle Alison , Akello Joyce , Grassly Nick , Martin Javier
Published: March 2024

This method describes large volume nucleic acid purification from sewage concentrates starting with 1.2 mL of sample using MagMAX ‱ Viral RNA Isolation Kit. To perform automated extraction, follow steps in Workflow A, and for manual extractions follow Workflow B diverging after the initial sample processing with Lysis/Binding solution. Appendix 1 contains pictures providing a visual guide to manual magnetic beads based nucleic acid extraction.
Co-Production in the Urban Setting: Fostering Definitional and Conceptual Clarity Through Comparative Research
Authors: Lee Dahae , Feiertag Patricia , Unger Lena
Published: March 2024

Co-production is a concept which is increasingly popular in the planning field to refer to multi-stakeholder collaboration and partnership with citizens. However, the existing literature suggests that the rapid growth of the concept has resulted in ambiguity about its meaning. Given that the concept has a potential in planning research and practice, the thematic issue aims to present studies that use comparative approaches as a way to sharpen the understanding of co-production. The issue includes one commentary and six articles with empirical evidence from various countries across the world. The editorial provides overarching context and introduces each contribution of the issue.
METHODS OF DETECTING INTRUSIONS IN MODERN IDS SYSTEMS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Lukova-Chuiko Natalia , Toliupa Serhii ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Parkhomenko Ivan ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

Currently, the problem of protection of information and communication systems and resources of cyberspace is acute. The rapid development of the information sphere also leads to the modernization and complexity of methods of attacking cyberspace objects. The statistics of successful attacks on computer systems of various organizations, including government agencies, are growing every year. From this we can conclude that even the most reliable protection systems do not give a 100% guarantee of protection. One of the possible reasons for this state of affairs may be the use of standard security mechanisms and methods by most security systems. Such mechanisms include access delimitation based on the rights of the access subject, encryption and identification and authentication. Traditional methods cannot protect against their own users who have criminal intent. In addition, this approach does not solve the problem of clear division of existing system entities for authorized use of globalized resources, the ability to select passwords using specialized software, and the problem of limiting access to information system resources, which can result in reduced per formance and complexity passing transactions between components of this system. Thus, there is a need to use mechanisms that would not reject the advantages of traditional ones, but also complement them. Namely, that these mechanisms detect attempts at unauthorized, unauthorized access, provide information about these attempts, and also be able to respond. One of the key factors in the use of such protection systems is their ability to prevent attacks by attackers who have been authenticated and authorized in accordance with all procedures and access rules and have obtained the necessary rights to certain actions. Of course, it is impossible to predict a complete set of event scenarios in a system with an authorized user who has malicious intent, but it is necessary to make a detailed description of possible "malicious" scenarios, or go back and describe the so-called "normal" scenarios. The description of normal scenarios will make it possible to detect dangerous activity, because this activity will deviate from the so-called "normal" scenario of behavior in the system, even by an authorized user. Thus, exploring the possibility of using mechanisms that are aimed at detecting anomalies in the system, or to search for abuses can help implement effective solutions for intrusion detection and prevention systems.
Treatment of Sugar Industry Wastewater via Fenton Oxidation with Zero-Valent Iron
Authors: Orak Ceren
Published: March 2024

The sugar industry is a significant contributor to wastewater production, primarily due to its substantial water usage. The treatment and reuse of this wastewater have become pressing concerns. In the present study, sugar industry wastewater was treated via Fenton oxidation using zero-valent iron (ZVI). The study focused on assessing the impact of key reaction parameters, namely pH, ZVI amount, [H2O2]0 on the removal of TOC. Optimal reaction conditions for the Fenton oxidation process were identified, with a pH of 3.5, 2 g/L of ZVI, and 4 mM of H2O2, resulting in nearly 65% of TOC removal. The kinetic study revealed that the observed reaction adhered to a second-order kinetic reaction model. Furthermore, the activation energy for this observed reaction was determined as 49.14 kJ/mol. These findings suggest that Fenton oxidation, utilizing ZVI, holds promise as an effective method for treating wastewater originating from the sugar industry.
Chemometric Determination of Parkinson's Drugs Containing Multiple Active Substances
Authors: Arslan Ayşe Merve , Pekcan Güzide
Published: March 2024

In this work, the active ingredients of Entacapone, Levodopa and Carbidopa in drug samples used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease were quantitatively determined by Ultraviolet Visible (UV-VIS) Spectroscopy and chemometrics. Firstly, the spectra of each drug active ingredient were taken individually and then synthetic mixtures identical to the drug sample were analyzed. In our method, validation parameters were calculated for each method. Percent (%) recoveries were found on average for both the synthetic mixture and the commercial sample. The recoveries were quantitative for each method. The accuracy of the methods was tested by applying ANOVA test to the results obtained from the PLS and PCR calibration methods. The developed methods are reproducible, sensitive, and accurate, and can be recommended for the analysis of drug samples containing Entacapone, Levodopa, and Carbidopa
Cytotoxicity Analysis of the Effects of Heterobasidion Annosum Mycelia and Cisplatin on Colon Adenocarcinoma (CACO-2) Cell Line
Authors: Sevim Çiğdem , Ünal Sabri , Bakır Temel Kan , Karadeniz Mertcan , Tgzd Ali Taghizadeh
Published: March 2024

Colorectal cancer ranks as the third most prevalent form of cancer and stands as the second leading cause of mortality. Both environmental and genetic risk factors contribute to its manifestation. Presently, 5-fluoruracil/leucovorin (5-FU/LV) remains the recommended course for adjuvant therapy in addressing this condition. Conversely, mushrooms, celebrated for their biologically active constituents, including valuable enzymes, have emerged as a captivating subject in diverse medical disciplines, particularly within the realm of cancer therapy, due to their promising therapeutic properties. This specific investigation aimed to conduct in vitro cytotoxic experiments using extracts obtained from Heterobasidion annosum micelles cultivated in a liquid malt extract medium. The pulverized extracts were dissolved in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) at varied concentrations ranging from 25ng/mL to 200ng/mL and subsequently administered to colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. The cytotoxic effects of both the fungus and cisplatin, a well-known anticarcinogenic agent, were examined at intervals of 24, 48, and 72 hours. The findings indicated a significant inhibition of cancer cell development within this timeframe. Moreover, a noteworthy discovery emerged, revealing that cisplatin, known for its efficacy in various cancer studies, substantially diminished the viability of cancer cells after 72 hours in comparison to the control group.
Aloe vera Gel Extract Prolongs Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Berk Şeyda
Published: March 2024

Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), with its superiority and physiological aging properties, has become a widely recognized model system in research on aging, longevity mechanisms, age-related diseases, and drug screening. Lifespan-extending mutations in C. elegans are known to slow the aging process by interfering with a number of signaling pathways such as the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathways. We aimed to see how Aloe vera (A. vera) gel affects the fertilization and lifespan of C. elegans. In the presence of all A. vera gel concentrations (0.312 - 5 mg/mL), the fertilization capacity of N2 worms increased and extended their lifespan as well as increased their body size. We found that in N2 worms cultured with 2.5 mg/ml A. vera gel, sgk-1, age-1, and let-363 mRNA expression was significantly increased, while rsks-1 mRNA expression was significantly decreased. We therefore conclude that it may extend lifespan through a mechanism specifically dependent on mTOR signaling. All these observations will provide a new perspective on mammalian life extension through the model organism C. elegans.
Kähler Magnetic Curves in Conformally Euclidean Schwarzschild Space
Authors: Kelekçi Özgür
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we study the magnetic curves on a Kähler manifold which is conformally equivalent to Euclidean Schwarzschild space. We show that Euclidean Schwarzschild space is locally conformally Kähler and transform it into a Kähler space by applying a conformal factor coming from its Lee form. We solve Lorentz equation to find analytical expressions for magnetic curves which are compatible with the almost complex structure of the proposed Kähler manifold. We also calculate the energy of magnetic curves.
The influence of oral health behavior and caries status of mothers on their children caries status
Authors: Barngkgei Imad , Manafikhi M. Ayham , Hasson Alaa , Zamzam Jameel
Published: March 2024

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease affects large segment of population worldwide. This study aimed at evaluate the relationship between oral health behaviors including the consumption of sugar/acid diet of both mothers and their children on the caries status of the children. The relationship between the caries status of mothers and children was also evaluated.

This cross-sectional study was performed in rural villages near the capital of our country. The dentition status of 57 mother-child pairs was evaluated using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for oral health surveys. Oral health behaviors and diet assessment of both mothers and children were investigated through WHO suggested questionnaires. Pearson and Spearman correlations, independent sample t-test, and linear regression analysis were used for the statistical analysis. The Significance level was set at 0.05.

Mean DMFT values were 16.6 and 1.6 for mothers and children, respectively, whereas children dmft mean value was 4.3. Children of mothers who consumed diet with high sugar and acid content had worse caries status (0.010≤P-value≤0.013). Caries status of children had weak correlation coefficients (0.2-0.4) with mothers’ caries status though statistically significant (0.008≤P-value≥0.048). Linear regression analysis revealed statistically significant models (P<0.05) with R values≤0.2.

Although some oral health behaviors and sugar/acid-rich diet of both mothers and their children correlated with the caries status of the children, these correlations were generally weak to intermediate. The current study suggested that oral health behaviors enhancement of both mothers and children could be one of these activities.