bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The complex interplay between microalgae and the microbiome in production raceways
Authors: Traver-Azuara Judith , Giner Caterina R. , García-Comas Carmen , Sánchez-Zurano Ana , Ciardi Martina , Acién Gabriel , Bondarenko Sofiya , Obiol Aleix , Massana Ramon , Sala Maria Montserrat , Logares Ramiro , Cermeño Pedro
Published: January 2025

Algae-associated microbiomes are underexplored, limiting our understanding of their influence on the productivity of large-scale microalgae reactors. To address this, we monitored microbial dynamics in two microalgae biomass production raceways over two 8-month intervals inoculated withDesmodesmus armatus. One reactor was fed with wastewater, while the other received clean water and fertilizers. Metabarcoding of the 18S and 16S rRNA genes revealed a high microbial diversity across two time series, showing thousands of eukaryotic and prokaryotic species growing alongside the microalgae. Chlorophyta and Fungi were the dominant eukaryotic groups, while Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidia dominated the prokaryotic communities. We found contrasting ASVs (Amplicon Sequence Variant) patterns between healthy (D. armatusabundance >70%) and unhealthy (D. armatusabundance <20%) microbiomes, across reactors and time series. Network analysis identified up to 10 potential ecological interactions amongD. armatusand its microbiome, predominantly positive. Our results suggest a link between microbiome composition andD. armatusabundance. Specifically, ASVs associated with a healthy microbiome were positively correlated withD. armatus, while ASVs characteristic of an unhealthy microbiome were negatively correlated. Potentially pathogenic bacteria includedMycobacteriumandFlavobacterium, whereas potentially beneficial taxa includedGeminocystis, Thiocapsa, AhniellaandBosea. Several fungal ASVs showed context-specific associations, whereas specificP. tribonemae,A. parallelum,A. desmodesmi,Aphelidiomycotasp., Rozellomycota sp. and,Rhizophidiumsp. ASVs were identified as potentially harmful. This study reveals the striking diversity and complexity of microalgae-associated microbiomes within raceways, providing valuable insights for optimizing industrial production processes, particularly for wastewater treatment and sustainable green biomass generation.

Abstract Figure

Graphical Abstract.

General overview of the metabarcoding methodology. Step 1: Sample collection, 2: DNA extraction of the samples, 3: PCR and DNA sequencing of the 18S and 16S rRNA genes, 4: Processing and quality filtering of the DNA sequencing data, 5: Taxonomic, community, and network analyses and, 6: Interpretation and discussion of the results.
Microbial Resuscitation and Growth Rates in Deep Permafrost: Lipid Stable Isotope Probing Results from the Permafrost Research Tunnel in Fox, Alaska
Authors: Caro T. A. , McFarlin J. M. , Maloney A. E. , Jech S. D. , Barker A. J. , Douglas T. A. , Barbato R. A. , Kopf S. H.
Published: January 2025

Permafrost is at increasing risk of thaw as cold regions in the Northern Hemisphere continue to warm. Of particular concern is ice-rich, organic-rich, syngenetic “yedoma” type permafrost. The lability of organic carbon in permafrost post-thaw largely depends on the rate at which microorganisms resuscitate and proliferate after thousands of years in below-freezing, dark, anaerobic conditions. However, the resuscitation and growth rates of microorganisms in deep permafrost are unknown. To quantify these rates, we conducted lipid stable isotope probing (lipid-SIP) on permafrost cores collected from four locations within the Permafrost Tunnel near Fairbanks, Alaska. We compare rates of microbial growth, marker gene sequences, and greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4) emissions across cores held anaerobically at ambient and elevated temperatures. In deep, ancient permafrost, microbial biomass turnover is exceedingly slow, often undetectable, within the first month following thaw. Our results indicate microbial growth in response to anaerobic thaw has a notable lag period, where only 0.001 - 0.01% of cells turn over per day. This suggests a ‘slow reawakening’ that could provide some buffer between anomalous warmth and C degradation if permafrost refreezes seasonally. However, within six months, microbial communities undergo dramatic restructuring and succession, producing communities that are distinct from both the emplaced ancient and overlying surface communities. These results have critical implications for predictions of microbial biogeochemical contributions in a warming arctic, especially as thaw proceeds into deeper and more ancient permafrost horizons.

Plain Language Summary

Permafrost, earth material like soil, rock, or ice continually frozen for more than two years, contains more organic carbon than is currently in the atmosphere as CO2. As the Arctic warms and permafrost thaws, ancient microbes can reactivate, allowing the degradation of organic carbon that has accumulated in permafrost over millenia, resulting in the release of greenhouse gases. In this work, we measured the rates at which permafrost microorganisms resuscitate during thaw and related these growth rates to changes in microbial community composition and greenhouse gas emissions.

Key Points

Microbial growth is extremely slow within the first 30 days of thaw. Temperature may drive which taxa are active, but not growth rates.

Subsurface microbes show a preference for glycolipids over phospholipids, suggesting a possible cryotolerance adaptation.

Ancient, entrapped gases may be the primary source of emissions in early thaw stages.
DNA methylation as a contributor to dysregulation of STX6 and other frontotemporal lobar degeneration genetic risk-associated loci
Authors: Rambarack Naiomi , Fodder Katherine , Murthy Megha , Toomey Christina , de Silva Rohan , Heutink Peter , Humphrey Jack , Raj Towfique , Lashley Tammaryn , Bettencourt Conceicao
Published: January 2025

Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) represents a spectrum of clinically, genetically, and pathologically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders characterised by progressive atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. The two major FTLD pathological subgroups are FTLD-TDP and FTLD-tau. While the majority of FTLD cases are sporadic, heterogeneity also exists within the familial cases, typically involving mutations in MAPT, GRN or C9orf72, which is not fully explained by known genetic mechanisms. We sought to address this gap by investigating the effect of epigenetic modifications, specifically DNA methylation variation, on genes associated with FTLD genetic risk in different FTLD subtypes. We compiled a list of genes associated with genetic risk of FTLD using text-mining databases and literature searches. Frontal cortex DNA methylation profiles were derived from three FTLD datasets containing different subgroups of FTLD-TDP and FTLD-tau: FTLD1m (N = 23) containing FTLD-TDP type A C9orf72 mutation carriers and TDP Type C sporadic cases, FTLD2m (N = 48) containing FTLD-Tau MAPT mutation carriers, FTLD-TDP Type A GRN mutation carriers, and FTLD-TDP Type B C9orf72 mutation carriers and FTLD3m (N = 163) progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) cases, and corresponding controls. To investigate the downstream effects of DNA methylation further, we then leveraged transcriptomic and proteomic datasets for FTLD cases and controls to examine gene and protein expression levels. Our analysis revealed shared promoter region hypomethylation in STX6 across FTLD-TDP and FTLD-tau subtypes, though the largest effect size was observed in the PSP cases compared to controls (delta-beta = -32%, adjusted-p value=0.002). We also observed dysregulation of the STX6 gene and protein expression across FTLD subtypes. Additionally, we performed a detailed examination of MAPT, GRN and C9orf72 in subtypes with and without the presence of the genetic mutations and observed nominally significant differentially methylated CpGs in variable positions across the genes, often with unique patterns and downstream consequences in gene/protein expression in mutation carriers. We highlight the contribution of DNA methylation at different gene regions in regulating the expression of genes previously associated with genetic risk of FTLD, including STX6. We analysed the relationship of subtypes and presence of mutations with this epigenetic mechanism to increase our understanding of how these mechanisms interact in FTLD.
Efficient post-selection in light cone correlations of monitored quantum circuits
Authors: Li Jimin , Jack Robert L. , Bertini Bruno , Garrahan Juan P.
Published: January 2025

We consider how to target evolution conditioned on atypical measurement outcomes in monitored quantum circuits, i.e., the post-selection problem. We show that for a simple class of measurement schemes, post-selected light cone dynamical correlation functions can be obtained efficiently from the averaged correlations of a different unitary circuit. This connects rare measurement outcomes in one circuit to typical outcomes in another one. We derive conditions for the existence of this rare-to-typical mapping in brickwork quantum circuits made of XYZ gates. We illustrate these general results with a model system that exhibits a dynamical crossover (a smoothed dynamical transition) in event statistics, and discuss extensions to more general dynamical correlations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Thermal transport properties of magnons on the
α−T3
lattice
Authors: Saleem Luqman , Abdullah Hasan M. , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Manchon Aurélien
Published: January 2025

We theoretically investigate magnons on the α−T3 lattice. Atomistic spin dynamics simulations show that next-nearest neighbor hopping and easy-axis anisotropy stabilize ferromagnetic order in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. We identify one topologically trivial magnon insulator phase and three magnon Chern insulator phases. The topologically trivial magnon insulator phase exhibits a small but nonzero magnon thermal Hall conductivity, while in the magnon Chern insulator phases the Chern number of the lowest magnon band dominates the magnon thermal Hall conductivity. The sign of the magnon thermal Hall conductivity does not change at the topological phase boundaries, but distinct changes are observed in the magnitude.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Dynamics of Microscale and Nanoscale Systems in the Weak-Memory Regime
Authors: Brandner Kay
Published: January 2025

Memory effects are ubiquitous in small-scale systems. They emerge from interactions between accessible and inaccessible degrees of freedom and give rise to evolution equations that are nonlocal in time. If the characteristic timescales of accessible and inaccessible degrees of freedom are sharply separated, locality can be restored through the standard Markov approximation. Here, we show that this approach can be rigorously extended to a well-defined weak-memory regime, where the relevant timescales can be of comparable order of magnitude. We derive explicit bounds on the error of the local approximation and a convergent perturbation scheme for its construction. Being applicable to any nonlocal time evolution equation that is autonomous and linear in the variables of interest, our theory provides a unifying framework for the systematic description of memory effects.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Applying cognitive diagnostic models to mechanics concept inventories
Authors: Le Vy , Nissen Jayson M. , Tang Xiuxiu , Zhang Yuxiao , Mehrabi Amirreza , Morphew Jason W. , Chang Hua Hua , Van Dusen Ben
Published: January 2025

In physics education research, instructors and researchers often use research-based assessments (RBAs) to assess students’ skills and knowledge. In this paper, we support the development of a mechanics cognitive diagnostic to test and implement effective and equitable pedagogies for physics instruction. Adaptive assessments using cognitive diagnostic models provide significant advantages over fixed-length RBAs commonly used in physics education research. As part of a broader project to develop a cognitive diagnostic assessment for introductory mechanics within an evidence-centered design framework, we identified and tested the student models of four skills that cross content areas in introductory physics: apply vectors, conceptual relationships, algebra, and visualizations. We developed the student models in three steps. First, we based the model on learning objectives from instructors. Second, we coded the items on RBAs using the student models. Finally, we then tested and refined this coding using a common cognitive diagnostic model, the deterministic inputs, noisy “and” gate model. The data included 19 889 students who completed either the Force Concept Inventory, Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation, or Energy and Momentum Conceptual Survey on the LASSO platform. The results indicated a good to adequate fit for the student models with high accuracies for classifying students with many of the skills. The items from these three RBAs do not cover all of the skills in enough detail, however, they will form a useful initial item bank for the development of the mechanics cognitive diagnostic.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Machine learning enabled measurements of astrophysical (
p,n
) reactions with the SECAR recoil separator
Authors: Tsintari P. , Dimitrakopoulos N. , Garg R. , Hermansen K. , Marshall C. , Montes F. , Perdikakis G. , Schatz H. , Setoodehnia K. , Arora H. , Berg G. P. A. , Bhandari R. , Blackmon J. C. , Brune C. R. , Chipps K. A. , Couder M. , Deibel C. , Hood A. , Gamage M. Horana , Jain R. , Maher C. , Miskovich S. , Pereira J. , Ruland T. , Smith M. S. , Smith M. , Sultana I. , Tinson C. , Tsantiri A. , Villari A. , Wagner L. , Zegers R. G. T.
Published: January 2025

The synthesis of heavy elements in supernovae is affected by low-energy (n,p) and (p,n) reactions on unstable nuclei, yet experimental data on such reaction rates are scarce. The SECAR (SEparator for CApture Reactions) recoil separator at FRIB (Facility for Rare Isotope Beams) was originally designed to measure astrophysical reactions that change the mass of a nucleus significantly. We used a novel approach that integrates machine learning with ion-optical simulations to find an ion-optical solution for the separator that enables the measurement of (p,n) reactions, despite the reaction leaving the mass of the nucleus nearly unchanged. A new measurement of the Fe58(p,n)Co58 reaction in inverse kinematics with a 3.66±0.12 MeV/nucleon Fe58 beam (corresponding to 3.69±0.12 MeV proton energy in normal kinematics) yielded a cross-section of 20.3±6.3 mb and served as a proof of principle experiment for the new technique demonstrating its effectiveness in achieving the required performance criteria. This novel approach paves the way for studying astrophysically important (p,n) reactions on unstable nuclei produced at FRIB.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Conditional fluctuation theorems and entropy production for monitored quantum systems under imperfect detection
Authors: Ferri-Cortés Mar , Almanza-Marrero José A. , López Rosa , Zambrini Roberta , Manzano Gonzalo
Published: January 2025

The thermodynamic behavior of Markovian open quantum systems can be described at the level of fluctuations by using continuous monitoring approaches. However, practical applications require assessing imperfect detection schemes, where the definition of main thermodynamic quantities becomes subtle and universal fluctuation relations are unknown. Here, we fill this gap by deriving a universal fluctuation relation that links thermodynamic entropy production and information-theoretical irreversibility along single trajectories in inefficient monitoring setups. This relation provides as a corollary an irreversibility estimator of dissipation using imperfect detection records that lower bounds the underlying entropy production at the level of visible trajectories. We illustrate our findings with a driven-dissipative two-level system following quantum jump trajectories and discuss the experimental applicability of our results for thermodynamic inference.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Developing the quantum-dot single-photon sources with excellent performance by coupling asymmetric microcavity
Authors: You Xiang , He Yu-Ming
Published: January 2025

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) coupled with optical microcavities provide an excellent platform for generating high-performance single-photon sources. However, the current microcavity structures are difficult to solve the tradeoff between single-photon purity and indistinguishability without additional filtering, due to challenges in suppressing broad phonon sideband spectrum and two-photon emission in the practical experiments. To address these issues, we have developed a novel asymmetric microcavity that supports two nondegenerate polarized modes, both resonant with a single quantum dot. One cavity mode is broadband and is used for excitation to reduce two-photon emission intensity, while the other is narrowband and is used for collection to enhance the indistinguishability of single-photon sources. This asymmetric microcavity also has the ability to overcome at least half of the photon efficiency loss under polarization filtering. Moreover, our model has employed an excitation pulse that resonates with cavity modes eliminating spectral distortion of intracavity fields, and efficiently achieving deterministic population inversion of QDs compared to an elliptical cavity. Our scheme paves the way to develop the excellent performance single-photon sources with higher brightness, near-unity purity, and indistinguishability without any additional filtering in practical experiments.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Toward a Classification of Mixed-State Topological Orders in Two Dimensions
Authors: Ellison Tyler D. , Cheng Meng
Published: January 2025

The classification and characterization of topological phases of matter is well understood for ground states of gapped Hamiltonians that are well isolated from the environment. However, decoherence due to interactions with the environment is inevitable—thus motivating the investigation of topological orders in the context of mixed states. Here, we take a step toward classifying mixed-state topological orders in two spatial dimensions by considering their (emergent) generalized symmetries. We argue that their 1-form symmetries and the associated anyon theories lead to a partial classification under two-way connectivity by quasilocal quantum channels. This allows us to establish mixed-state topological orders that are intrinsically mixed, i.e., that have no ground-state counterpart. We provide a wide range of examples based on topological subsystem codes, decohering G-graded string-net models, and “classically gauging” symmetry-enriched topological orders. One of our main examples is an Ising string-net model under the influence of dephasing noise. We study the resulting space of locally indistinguishable states and compute the modular transformations within a particular coherent space. Based on our examples, we identify two possible effects of quasilocal quantum channels on anyon theories: (1) anyons can be incoherently proliferated—thus reducing to a commutant of the proliferated anyons, or (2) the system can be “classically gauged,” resulting in the symmetrization of anyons and an extension by transparent bosons. Given these two mechanisms, we conjecture that mixed-state topological orders are classified by premodular anyon theories, i.e., those for which the braiding relations may be degenerate.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
TC-Mapper: tightly-coupled LiDAR-inertial SLAM for robotic mapping in complex environments
Authors: Yue Xiangdi , Chen Jiawei , Zhang Yihuan , Huang Siming , Pan Jiaji , He Miaolei
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Over the decades, simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) techniques have been extensively researched and applied in robotic mapping. In complex environments, SLAM systems using a single sensor, such as a camera or light detection and ranging (LiDAR), often cannot meet the accuracy and map consistency requirements. This study aims to propose a tightly-coupled LiDAR-inertial SLAM system, which aims to achieve higher accuracy and map consistency for robotic mapping in complex environments.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents TC-Mapper, a tightly coupled LiDAR-inertial SLAM system based on LIO-SAM. The authors introduce the normal distribution-based loop closure detection method to the original one (i.e. the radius search-based method), which can enhance the accuracy and map consistency for robotic mapping. To further suppress map drift in complex environments, this paper incorporates a gravity factor into the original factor graph. In addition, TC-Mapper introduces incremental voxels (iVox) as the point cloud spatial data structure.

Findings

Extensive experiments in public and self-collected data sets demonstrate that TC-Mapper has high accuracy and map consistency.

Originality/value

TC-Mapper has two types of loop closure detections: the normal distribution-based method for correcting large drifts and the radius search-based method for fine-stitching, which can achieve higher accuracy and map consistency. The authors introduce iVox as the point cloud spatial data structure, which strives to attain a balance between precision and efficiency to the greatest extent feasible.
Analysis and prediction of contact fault detection in automatic flexible polishing for complex surfaces based on WOA-SVM
Authors: Li Ao , Qi Ruolong
Published: January 2025

Purpose

On account of the flexibility, large working space and system openness, manipulators are often adopted in automatic grinding and polishing operations. In the flexible roboticized polishing process for complex surfaces with narrow spatial structures, such as aero-engine blades, the contact mode between the tool and the workpiece changes with the transformation of the manipulator’s end posture and the alternation of the workpiece curvature, which often leads to processing contact faults. These faults result in the obsolescence of expensive aerospace components and reduced efficiency. The purpose of this study is to collect vibration signals during the machining process and extract fault characteristic parameters for monitoring and diagnosis for diagnosing faults in automated flexible polishing to protect the workpiece.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper proposes a whale optimization algorithm (WAO)-support vector machine model based on the support vector machine and WAO. From the original grinding and polishing vibration signal, 11 time-domain features that can reflect the fluctuation of the vibration signal are extracted as detection features.

Findings

Experimental results indicate that this method effectively reflects the relationship between contact faults and diagnostic results, demonstrating good real-time performance and diagnostic capability.

Originality/value

This method provides a crucial theoretical basis for real-time fault diagnosis and monitoring in automatic flexible machining, ensuring reliable automatic flexible polishing processes.
Fostering providers’ continuance intention to participate sharing economy: insights from food delivery application service in Vietnam
Authors: Vu Tuan Duong , Vu Phuong Thao , Tran Thi Hoang Ha , Nguyen Thu Ha
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the impact of several factors on the continuance participation intention of service providers in the sharing economy business model, i.e. food delivery application (FDA) service.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on primary data collected from 282 service providers, this study used partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to validate measurement scales and the proposed model.

Findings

The SEM analysis revealed that service providers’ intention to continue participating was influenced by perceived social benefit, perceived economic benefit and the corporate image of the service enabler. Notably, the relationship between perceived social benefit and continuance participation intention is moderated by the service enabler’s corporate image. Furthermore, this study identified four antecedents that impact on perceived benefit of service providers, namely, market attractiveness, and marketing capabilities of service enabler, delivery quality and customers’ positive affective response. However, the effect of marketing capabilities of the service enabler on perceived economic benefit was found to be irrelevant.

Originality/value

This study enriches the authors’ understanding of the factors that promote service providers’ intention to continue participating in the sharing economy business model, particularly within the context of FDAs. Based on the findings, the study offers both theoretical and practical implications for service enablers, policymakers and technology providers to enhance stakeholder engagement in the sharing economy business model.
The cost of noise: noise pollution and nonprofit expenses
Authors: Ahmed Tahmina , Hasan Mohammad Maruf , Niyirora Jerome , Saxton Gregory D.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study examines the financial impacts of noise pollution on nonprofit organizations, focusing on how increased noise levels influence total spending and expenditures in the fundraising, administrative and program categories. By exploring these effects, the study aims to learn whether and how nonprofits are reallocating resources to address the adverse consequences of environmental noise.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilizing IRS Form 990 data for 149,595 US nonprofits from 2020, this study employs OLS regressions and robustness tests, including instrumental variables and entropy balancing, to analyze the impact of noise pollution, measured using data from the National Transportation Noise Exposure Map. The research examines total spending as well as spending patterns across three main functional areas: fundraising, administration, and programs.

Findings

The findings suggest noise pollution has an adverse impact on overall spending as well as fundraising expenses, seemingly at the expense of core program-related functions. Nonprofits in noisier areas appear to require more fundraising investment to counteract donor aversion caused by environmental stressors, leading to reduced capacity for spending on programs.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by examining the role of environmental factors, and specifically noise pollution, in nonprofit financial health. Using a new dataset on census tract-level ambient noise, we are able, for the first time, to empirically examine the organizational impacts of noise pollution across geographic regions. Our study highlights the importance of considering environmental conditions in financial planning for nonprofits, offering practical implications for nonprofit managers and policymakers to develop strategies that mitigate the financial strain imposed by noise pollution.
When family is less indulging: effect of family motivation on self-control behavior
Authors: Chi Yunjia , Jiang Lin , Zeng Yixuan , Bai Xuchen
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Family cues are widely used in interactive marketing because they appeal to a broad demographic, engaging consumers across different ages and life stages. This research aims to investigate whether and how family motivation, induced by exposure to family-related cues in marketing, influences consumers’ self-control behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

Seven studies – including one field experiment, five online experiments and one study analyzing secondary data – robustly support the hypothesis that family motivation enhances self-control by fostering a stronger future orientation. The main effect was tested through both field and online experiments. The mediating role of future orientation was explored using measured mediation as well as a process-manipulation approach. Additionally, we identified a boundary condition for this effect. Finally, real-world evidence for the proposed relationship was demonstrated through an analysis of secondary data from a large-scale, nationwide general social survey.

Findings

This research shows that family motivation enhances future orientation, which in turn promotes self-control. Furthermore, this relationship is moderated by a live-in-the-moment belief.

Practical implications

Marketing appeals emphasizing family should be directed toward services and products that are not seen as indulgent. Furthermore, we provide policymakers with a simpler alternative to traditional long-term self-control training by promoting self-control behavior through the activation of family motivation.

Originality/value

To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first to examine the impact of family motivation on consumer behavior. We also contribute to the self-control literature by identifying a new antecedent to self-control.
The effects of warming on loggerhead turtle nesting counts
Authors: Sousa‐Guedes Diana , Campos João C. , Bessa Filipa ,   Flora Fauna y Cultura de Mexico, Lasala Jacob A. , Marco Adolfo , Sillero Neftalí
Published: January 2025

Global trends in marine turtle nesting numbers vary by region, influenced by environmental or anthropogenic factors. Our study investigates the potential role of past temperature fluctuations on these trends, particularly whether warmer beaches are linked to increased nesting due to higher female production (since sea turtles have temperature‐dependent sex determination). We selected the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) due to its wide distribution, strong philopatry and vulnerability to environmental changes.

We compiled nest counts per year on 35 globally significant rookeries, analysing trends at regional and individual beach levels. We compiled air (CHELSA) and land surface (MODIS) temperature data sets spanning the last four decades (1979–2023) for each location. To analyse temporal trends in nest counts and temperatures, we used generalised additive models and Mann–Kendall trend tests. Additionally, we correlated nest counts with lagged air temperature variables.

We found significant warming at 33 nesting locations, 23 of which also showed significant increases in nest counts. Our results suggest that rising temperatures may be boosting nest numbers in regions of the Caribbean, Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean (sites in Cayman, Mexico, Brazil, Cyprus and Turkey). Furthermore, while some regions temporarily benefit, continued warming could precipitate long‐term population declines.

This regional variability helps predict species responses to climate change, with the general global increase in nest counts already indicating short‐term warming effects. Nesting count trends might reflect a combination of natural ecological phenomena, conservation efforts, and warming effects. Long‐term studies are needed to assess global trends in the sex ratio of hatchlings and the extent to which feminisation is driving nest numbers.
The fraudulent family
Authors: Balakian Sophia
Published: January 2025

In 2012 the US government began requiring DNA testing in its Refugee Family Reunification Program, which was primarily used by refugees from African countries. The policy was established to allay concerns that refugees were committing “family‐composition fraud,” or including people outside their families in their resettlement and reunification cases. In humanitarian contexts “fraud” has often been understood as resulting from scarcity, corruption, and mistrust, but it misnames practices embedded in distinct moral and social worlds. For Somali communities in Kenya, incorporating nieces, nephews, or unrelated orphans as sons and daughters is part of remaking social worlds in places of refuge. By examining how displaced people grapple with DNA testing, we can see that their practices, sometimes labeled “fraud,” emerge from moral economies of kinship. Moreover, the family emerges as a contested category, one that is essential to the work of the US and global refugee regimes.
Determining the Mental Health Literacy Level of University Students and Examining Their Attitudes Towards Seeking Psychological Help
Authors: Kılınç Nevra Didem , Kendirkıran Gülcan
Published: January 2025

This descriptive study examined the mental health literacy levels and attitudes towards seeking psychological help among university students. The study was conducted with 317 students from a university in Türkiye. Data were collected via an online platform using a Personal Information Form, the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) and the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale‐Short Form (ATSPPHS‐SF). Participants, with an average age of 20 ± 1, were predominantly female (89%). Most had previously sought psychological support (75.1%) and believed the psychology information obtained online was accurate (61.2%). Significant differences were found between residential location (p = 0.034) and maternal education level (p = 0.017) with the Knowledge Subscale of MHLS, and between history of seeking psychological support (p = 0.010) with the Resource Subscale of MHLS. Additionally, there was a significant difference between seeking psychological support history and mean ATSPPHS‐SF scores (p = 0.060). The scores on MHLS (13.15 ± 3.38) and ATSPPHS‐SF (18.38 ± 3.77) indicated moderate levels, with a positive and significant relationship between the scales' total scores (p = 0.000). The study concluded that mental health literacy is crucial for increasing the rate of seeking psychological help. Addressing the lack of knowledge regarding mental health is essential for early diagnosis, prevention and maintenance of mental health. It is recommended incorporating mental health literacy content into university curricula, initiating efforts to provide information about psychological help resources and engaging psychiatric nurses in educational roles on campus through multidisciplinary planning.
Scaffolding Coding Instruction Through Literacy via the Compose and Code Digital Platform and Curriculum
Authors: Hutchison Amy , Si Qi , Colwell Jamie , Kaya Erdogan , Jakeway Eileen , Miller Brittany , Gutierrez Kristie , Regan Kelly , Evmenova Anna
Published: January 2025

Background

In recent years, computer science education has emerged as a necessary part of school curricula for students of all ages. With such momentum in this direction, it is essential that program designers, educators, and researchers ensure that computer science education is designed to be inclusive, effective, and engaging for all students.

Objective

Accordingly, this paper reports on the design and implementation of an inclusive digital learning platform and accompanying curriculum for scaffolding and integrating coding into writing instruction for elementary‐aged students (approximately ages 9–12). In this paper, we report on teachers' uses of the Compose and Code (CoCo) platform and curriculum, how students used its features, and its influence on students' computational thinking skills and attitudes about coding.

Method

Data analysed in this mixed‐methods study come from 11 teachers and 595 students in Grades 3–6. Data sources included teacher reflections and interviews, an assessment of computational thinking for students, and a coding attitudes survey for students. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively and using paired sample t‐tests. Qualitative data were analysed inductively using open coding to determine emergent categories.

Results and Conclusion

Findings indicate that (1) a majority of students effectively used the CoCo platform to plan their work and code in Scratch, with a smaller percentage using the self‐evaluation and self‐monitoring features, (2) teachers indicated overall positive perceptions of the CoCo platform and curriculum, with strong support for using it in the future, (3) students' computational thinking skills improved over the course of the project, with results indicating a large effect size (g = 1.24), and (4) student attitudinal results were mixed, providing insights to the barriers that students face when learning to code. Overall, this study indicates that the CoCo platform and curriculum show promise as a scaffolded, structured, and integrated tool for teaching elementary computer science to elementary grade students.
Examining LGBT older adult social networks and chosen families using the convoy model of social relations
Authors: Breder Kelseanne , Bockting Walter
Published: January 2025

Sexual and gender minority (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgnder: LGBT) adults experience heightened social discrimination and minority stress throughout their lives because of their minority identities. LGBT older adults are particularly vulnerable to the impact of minority stress as they are more likely to live alone and to be estranged from their families of origin. To cope, many LGBT older adults have developed social networks that include chosen families and non‐biological relatives who care for one another as if they are family. The chosen family resilience strategy renegotiates what it means to do family and is worthy of theoretical examination. We apply the convoy model of social relations as an interdisciplinary framework for examining LGBT older adults' social networks and chosen families. We discuss points of convergence between the model and what is known about LGBT social networks, and we extend the model to account for chosen families and online social connections.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Getting Our Hearts Right Program and the Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program in a Sample of Iranian Couples
Authors: Mehr Reza Khojasteh , Sadidi Mohsen , Goddard H. Wallace
Published: January 2025

For several decades, to enhance relationship quality, marriage and relationship education (MRE) programs have focused on teaching communication skills and conflict management. However, new explanations reveal that the effectiveness of communication skills in MRE programs may largely depend on virtues. Through a randomized controlled trial (RCT), the present study examined the effectiveness of the Getting Our Hearts Right Program (GOHR; a virtue‐based approach) and the Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP; a skill‐based approach). Forty‐five eligible couples (i.e., 90 individuals) were randomly assigned to (a) GOHR intervention condition, (b) PREP intervention condition, or (c) wait‐list control condition. The couples filled out the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale at baseline, postintervention, and 3‐month follow‐up phases. The results of both postintervention and 3‐month follow‐up showed that GOHR was more effective than PREP in improving the spouses' perceived marital adjustment. The findings of this study emphasized the potential value of short‐term virtue‐based interventions.
Silence in the Stands: Assessing the Impact of Russian State‐Linked “Sportswashing” on Online Fan Behavior Following the Full‐Scale Invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Wack Morgan , Magistro Beatrice , Aslett Kevin
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study examines whether state‐linked sportswashing—through perceived associations between states and sports entities—can shield states from public scrutiny over human rights abuses. We analyze changes in Chelsea F.C. supporters’ online behavior following Roman Abramovich's announcement to relinquish control of the club during Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

Method

We collected over 700,000 tweets from 7414 profiles of London‐based English Premier League fans. Using a fine‐tuned BERT machine learning model, we classified tweets mentioning the invasion, criticizing Russia, or supporting Ukraine. We applied a generalized synthetic control method to compare Chelsea fans’ online behavior to that of other clubs’ fans before and after the announcement.

Results

After the announcement, Chelsea fans were less likely than other fans to discuss the invasion, support Ukraine, or criticize Russia.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that perceptions of state‐linked associations can influence supporter online behavior via social identity mechanisms, potentially mitigating criticism of state actions.
Prestretching increases working space at the same insufflation pressure in dogs undergoing laparoscopic procedures
Authors: Chik Colin , Buote Nicole , Hayes Galina , Martin‐Flores Manuel
Published: January 2025

Objective

To determine if prestretching (PS) of the abdominal wall provided improved working space during elective laparoscopic procedures in dogs.

Study design

Prospective cohort study.

Animals

Fifty client‐owned dogs undergoing elective laparoscopic procedures.

Methods

Skin markings were used to evaluate stretching of the abdominal wall. The distance from the subumbilical port to the caudal aspect of the gallbladder was measured as a proxy for intra‐abdominal working length (IWL). Prestretching was performed by insufflating to an intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP) of 10 mmHg for 3 min. The abdomen was desufflated back to 6 mmHg for the remainder of the procedure. A computed volumetric value utilizing skin measurements and IWL was used as a proxy for intra‐abdominal working space (IWS). Percentage changes in IWL and IWS were compared.

Results

Increasing the IAP from 6 to 10 mmHg increased the IWL by 7% (IQR 9.5%) and the IWS by 10.4% (IQR 13.8%) (p = .004 and .005, respectively). Returning to 6 mmHg after prestretching resulted in a median increase in IWL of 4.4% (IQR 5.7%) and IWS of 6.9% (IQR 5.4%) compared with the initial 6 mmHg IAP measurements (p < .001 for both). Intra‐abdominal working length and IWS were similar at the end of surgery compared with post‐PS 6 mmHg IAP measurements.

Conclusion

Prestretching resulted in improved IWL and IWS, although not to the extent achieved by higher insufflation pressures. The effects of PS persisted throughout the laparoscopic procedures performed in this study.

Clinical significance

Prestretching can provide additional laparoscopic IWL and IWS at a lower IAP.
Clinical and Epidemiologic Review of Capnocytophaga Spp. Infections Identified at a Public Health Reference Laboratory—California, 2005–2021
Authors: Campagna Rebecca A. , Kelly Emily A. , Vugia Duc J. , Berman Watson Hillary F. , Browne Christina S. , Lau Joseph K. , Fritz Curtis L.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Capnocytophaga is a genus of bacteria that are commensal to the oral microbiome of humans and some animals. Some Capnocytophaga species are found in the human oral cavity and rarely cause disease in people; the species found in animals are zoönotic and can be transmitted to people via saliva. This study describes the clinical and epidemiologic features of patients from whom Capnocytophaga spp. were isolated from blood and other clinical specimens at the California state Microbial Diseases Laboratory.

Methods

Clinical information was obtained from laboratory submission forms and any accompanying medical records and/or from matching records in statewide hospital discharge and emergency department databases.

Results

During the 17‐year study period (2005–2021), Capnocytophaga spp. were isolated in 48 specimens from 47 patients. Capnocytophaga canimorsus, which is a zoönotic species, represented 85% of the Capnocytophaga spp. identified to the species level. The median age was 67 years (range: 30–88 years) for the 42 patients infected with a zoönotic species of Capnocytophaga and 36 years (range: 12–65 years) for the four patients infected with a non‐zoönotic species. Twenty‐five (60%) patients with zoönotic species infections were male, compared to two (50%) patients with non‐zoönotic species infections. Capnocytophaga spp. were most frequently isolated from blood (88%), and the most common case presentation was sepsis (45%). A dog or cat bite prior to diagnosis was reported for 14% of patients infected with a zoönotic species of Capnocytophaga. Records for 45% of patients indicated at least one pre‐existing health condition associated with depressed immune function.

Conclusions

This study documented that Capnocytophaga spp. can cause rare, severe, invasive disease in mostly older or immunocompromised persons, often without documentation of a dog or cat bite. Providers are encouraged to consider Capnocytophaga spp. infection in immunocompromised pet owners presenting with sepsis, even in the absence of a known animal bite.
Conscious sedation in dentistry: narrative review
Authors: Cusenza Irene , Pensa Vittorio , Rastelli Sofia , Galati Chiara , Cogotzi Stefano , D'Orto Bianca , Nagni Matteo
Published: January 2025

Purpose. The purpose of this narrative review is to demonstrate that conscious sedation is an anesthesiologic technique that, when appropriately performed, proves to be safe and valuable for the treatment of many cases that require its application such as: dental phobia patients, special needs patients, or simply to increase patient compliance in the case of investigative or very lengthy procedures.
Methods. All articles dealing with the topic of management of conscious sedation in dentistry were searched on the online platforms of scientific reading sites such as Pubmed and Medline, selecting the most current ones up to January 2022, including all languages. Considering the keyword “Sedation,” “ Dentistry,” “ Special needs,” “Dentophobia,” randomized controlled trials, prospective studies, observational studies, reviews, and retrospective studies were considered. Textbooks relevant to the topic were then reviewed, and citations of each retrieved article and those of expert opinions were examined to include as much information as possible.
Results. From the analysis of data found in the literature, it is possible to state that sedation is a special form of anesthesia that reduces pain sensitivity and induces myorelaxation, without impairing the patient’s consciousness. Moreover, it, which can be obtained by inhalation or pharmacological means, allows the patient to maintain autonomous breathing and to respond to physical and verbal stimuli.
Conclusion. Sedation in dentistry allows many patients to cope with dental sessions, reducing anxiety and emotional stress by eliminating the pain component. With conscious sedation, it is possible to bring the patient into a more relaxed situation by reducing stress and increasing compliance.
Implant-prosthetic rehabilitation of an agenesis lateral incisor: a case report and literature review
Authors: Manica Umberto , Izzi Francesca , Palmacci Matteo , Rastelli Sofia , Ceresoli Lara , Balbi Benedetta , Nagni Matteo
Published: January 2025

Aim: The aim of this case-report is to describe the clinical results obtained through immediate-load implant rehabilitation combined with orthodontic and prosthetic therapy.
Materials and Methods: A 35-year-old woman went for an initial examination to the Department of Dentistry and Dental Prosthetics of the Vita-Salute San Raffaele Hospital, directed by Prof. E. F. Gherlone. Intra-oral examination revealed the absence of element 4.2, which was also confirmed by Orthopantomography. Therefore, in order to allow the execution of a correct aesthetic-functional rehabilitation, it was decided to perform a preliminary orthodontic therapy in order to obtain an adequate “uprighting” for the future implant insertion. Once the optimal space had been achieved, surgical therapy was carried out, involving the insertion of an implant and a subsequent prosthetic crown in stratified zirconia.
Results: Follow-up at 18 months after functional loading showed excellent healing, both radiographically and on objective examination, of the involved tissues.
Conclusion: Multidisciplinary clinical management, combined with orthodontic and then implant therapy, allowed the achievement of an optimal and lasting prognostic outcome.
 
 
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