bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
13(18)‐Ene ursan glycosides from Allium ascalonicum
Authors: Mai Nguyen Thi , Lan Hoang Thi Tuyet , Trang Do Thi , Dung Duong Thi , Tai Bui Huu , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan , Van Kiem Phan
Published: February 2020

Allium ascalonicum L. is belong to Alliaceae family, which is common vegetables and used to treat typhoid, colds, headaches, bloating and poisoning, eyes blurred deaf ears, burnt blood, pregnant women, breast swelling, children wicked and swollen in folk medicine. Using combined chromatographic methods, four 13,18‐en ursan compounds were isolated from methanol extract of the roots of Allium ascalonicum. Their chemical structures were elucidate as 3β,12α,19α‐trihydroxyurs‐13(18)‐en‐28,20β‐lactone (1), 3β,12α,19α‐trihydroxyurs‐13(18)‐ene‐28,20β‐lactone‐3‐O‐(3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl)‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (2), 3β,12α,19α‐trihydroxyurs‐13(18)‐ene‐28,20β‐lactone‐3‐O‐[3‐O‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐2‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl]‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (3), 3β,12β,19α‐trihydroxyurs‐13(18)‐ene‐28,20β‐lactone‐3‐O‐(3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl)‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (4) on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and in comparison with those reported in the literature. All these compounds were isolated from Allium genus for the first time.
Design and synthesis of new azetidine‐steroid derivative with inotropic activity in a heart failure model
Authors: Lauro Figueroa‐Valverde , Maria Lopez‐Ramos , Francisco Diaz‐Cedillo , Marcela Rosas‐Nexticapa , Virginia Mateu‐Armand , Alejandra Garcimarero‐Espino E. , Hau‐Heredia‐Lenin  , Yazmin Ortiz‐Ake
Published: February 2020

Several steroid derivatives have prepared as inotropic drugs; however, there are few reports on azetidine‐steroid derivatives with inotropic activity. The aim of this study was to synthesize four azetidine‐steroid derivatives (compounds 3 to 6) to evaluate their biological activity on left ventricular pressure. The first stage was achieved by preparation of azetidine‐derivatives using reactions of etherification and addition. The second stage involves the evaluation of biological activity from azetidine derivatives on left ventricular pressure in a heart failure model using estrone as control. The results showed that only compound 3 increases left ventricular pressure compared with estrone, compounds 2 and 4 to 6. In conclusion, the positive inotropic effect exerted by compound 3 depends on the functional groups involved in their chemical structure.
Warped Schwarzian theory
Authors: Afshar Hamid R.
Published: February 2020

Abstract

We consider the (twisted) warped Virasoro group Diff(S1)⋉C∞(S1) in the presence of its three cocycles. We compute the Kirillov-Kostant-Souriau symplectic 2-form on coadjoint orbits. We then construct the Euclidean action of the ‘warped Schwarzian theory’ associated to the orbit with SL(2,ℝ)×U(1) stabilizer as the effective theory of the reparametrization over the base circle and evaluate the corresponding one-loop-exact path integral. We further discuss thermodynamics of the wSch theory in comparison with the complex SYK model.
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis hunts chameleon dark matter
Authors: Chen Hua , Katsuragawa Taishi , Matsuzaki Shinya , Qiu Taotao
Published: February 2020

Abstract

We study the chameleon field dark matter, dubbed scalaron, in F (R) gravity in the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) epoch. With an R2-correction term required to solve the singularity problem for F (R) gravity, we first find that the scalaron dynamics is governed by the R2 term and the chameleon mechanism in the early universe, which makes the scalaron physics model-independent regarding the low-energy scale modification. In viable F (R) dark energy models including the R2 correction, our analysis suggests the scalaron universally evolves in a way with a bouncing oscillation irrespective of the low-energy modification for the late-time cosmic acceleration. Consequently, we find a universal bound on the scalaron mass in the BBN epoch, to be reflected on the constraint for the coupling strength of the R2 term, which turns out to be more stringent than the one coming from the fifth force experiments. It is then shown that the scalaron naturally develops a small enough fluctuation in the BBN epoch, hence can avoid the current BBN constraint placed by the latest Planck 2018 data, and can also have a large enough sensitivity to be hunted by the BBN, with more accurate measurements for light element abundances as well as the baryon number density fraction.
CityGML 3.0: New Functions Open Up New Applications
Authors: Kutzner Tatjana , Chaturvedi Kanishk , Kolbe Thomas H.
Published: February 2020

The development of the next major version 3.0 of the international OGC standard CityGML is nearing its end. CityGML 3.0 will come up with a variety of new features and revisions of existing modules that will increase the usability of CityGML for more user groups and areas of application. This includes a new space concept, a revised level-of-detail (LOD) concept, the representation of time-dependent properties, the possibility to manage multiple versions of cities, the representation of city objects by point clouds, an improved modelling of constructions, the representation of building units and storeys, an improved representation of traffic infrastructure as well as a clear separation of the conceptual model and the data encodings that allow for providing further encoding specifications besides GML. This paper gives an overview of these new and revised concepts, and illustrates their application through selected use cases.
Primaries Through the Looking Glass: The Electoral Effects of Opening the Selection of Top Candidates
Authors: Astudillo Javier , Lago Ignacio
Published: February 2020

This article revisits the foundations of prior research on the effects of plebiscitarian selection mechanisms on candidates' electoral strength. While previous studies do not nest political parties' decision making, the authors argue that party primary effects entail the interdependence of party procedures for candidate selection. The article assesses the validity of the two approaches. Using original data from seven parties and 296 regional elections in Canada, Germany and Spain, and from sixty-two pre-election polls in Germany and Spain, it shows that, other things equal, primary-selected candidates are not stronger than those selected by other procedures. However, there is evidence of a penalty for parties that do not select candidates by primary when their main rival does, in particular when the primary election is not divisive and is held closer to the general election.
Reduced infectivity inHimasthla elongata(Trematoda, Himasthlidae) cercariae with deviant photoreaction
Authors: Solovyeva Anna , Nikolaev Kirill , Lebedev Egor , Potolytsina Edokiia , Galaktionov Nickolay , Levakin Ivan
Published: February 2020

Digenean larvae of hermaphroditic generation – cercariae – are known to be polymorphic at genetic and behavioural levels. Cercariae arise as a result of parthenogenetic reproduction of intramolluscan stages, and represent a clone if a snail was infected with a single miracidium. Here we investigated cercarial clones ofHimasthla elongata– namely, the infectivity of cercariae with normal (negative) and deviant (positive) photoreaction. In our study, mostH. elongataclones showed intraclonal variance in their response to light. The proportion of photopositive cercariae ranged between 0.2% and 60% in differentH. elongataclones. Photopositive larvae demonstrated significantly reduced rates of encystment inMytilus edulishaemolymphin vitroand in young mussels. We discuss the possible mechanisms behind intraclonal variations, such as non-specific genomic rearrangements.
Our Gilded Age
Authors: Currarino Rosanne
Published: February 2020

This essay looks at Richard White's 2017 survey of the Gilded Age, The Republic for Which It Stands, in relation to other recent histories of the period. The Republic is filled with seemingly endless examples of corruption, personal venality, individual stupidity, ideological rigidity, and even good intentions gone awry. A vast and broad cast of Americans—some well-known, some more obscure—dash across the pages. But in White's republic, the changes are in the details rather than the narrative arc. Consequently, and in marked contrast to the other Gilded Age histories considered here, White's Gilded Age is neither optimistic nor tragic. Instead, it is fatalistic, a Gilded Age for our time.
SSHA Presidential Address: The Pathways to Disadvantage
Authors: Wherry Frederick F.
Published: February 2020

My presidential address identifies the pathways to disadvantage that complicate our understanding of purposive action. The article explains that (1) first, deception can deepen inequality; (2) disadvantages can emerge in midcourse, as new and unanticipated distributions of resources, sanctions, and opportunities unfold during the course of action; (3) the rules targeting one area of social life can disadvantage groups of people in other areas; and (4) disadvantaging policies can emerge through isomorphism (isomorphic disadvantage), sometimes by virtue of what other policy commissions across the globe are doing about the same social problem. Finally, (5) when there is an unlucky turn of events that leads to a deepening of disadvantage, its consequences depend on more than mere chance to make those disadvantages durable. My article concludes with a brief discussion of the implications for reparations and repair. While these pathways may not be exhaustive, they systematize the sociological intuition that things are not as they appear. And although my discussion of repair is brief, it gestures toward the possibilities that the past offers for understanding the process and the rules of remedy.
Chemical profile changes during pile fermentation of Qingzhuan tea affect inhibition of α-amylase and lipase
Authors: Feng Lin , Liu Panpan , Zheng Pengcheng , Zhang Liang , Zhou Jie , Gong Ziming , Yu Yongchao , Gao Shiwei , Zheng Lin , Wang Xueping , Wan Xiaochun
Published: February 2020

Qingzhuan tea (QZT), a post-fermented tea, has been reported to have anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic effects, perhaps due to bioactive compounds that inhibit lipase and α-amylase. It is unknown what chemical constituents’ changes and what bioactive compounds occur during the manufacture of QZT. The aim of this study was to determine the secondary metabolites changes that occur during post-fermentation and how these changes affect the ability of QZT to inhibit the activities of lipase and α-amylase. During the processing steps, metabolites levels and their inhibitory effects on lipase and α-amylase were assessed. Changes in content and activities suggested that the first turn over or the second turn over was critical for the formation and conversion of bioactive compounds responsible for the anti-obesity and hypoglycemic effects. The relationship between constituents and activities was further evaluated by correlation analysis, which showed that amino acids and flavonoids might be responsible for the anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic effects of QZT. This study clarified that compounds were altered during pile fermentation of QZT and tentatively identified the bioactive compounds formed during QZT manufacture.
Occurrence of 3-nitrobenzanthrone and other powerful mutagenic polycyclic aromatic compounds in living organisms: polychaetes
Authors: Sola Maria Claudia R. , Santos Aldenor G. , Martinez Sabrina T. , Nascimento Madson M. , da Rocha Gisele O. , de Andrade Jailson B.
Published: February 2020

In this work we report the occurrence of powerful mutagenic 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA), in addition to 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 6 oxygenated PAHs and 27 nitrated PAHs in polychaete worms. Benzanthrone (BA), another important mutagenic polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) also was detected in the samples. Polychaete annelids have great ecological relevance, being widely distributed in different environmental conditions, from intertidal zones up to seven thousand feet deep areas. They are abundantly found in both contaminated and uncontaminated areas and, therefore, used as indicators of the pollution status of a given area. As we know, so far, most of these PACs has not been previously reported in living organisms before. The 3-NBA concentrations determined in this study were within 0.11–5.18 µg g−1. Other relevant PACs such as PAHs, quinones and nitro-PAHs were found in maximum concentrations at 0.013 µg g−1 (coronene) to 11.1 µg g−1 (benzo[k]fluoranthene), 0.823 µg g−1 (9,10-phenenthrenequinone) to 12.1 µg g−1 (1,4-benzoquinone) and 0.434 (1-nitronaphthalene) µg g−1 to 19.2 µg g−1 (6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene), respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA), ternary correlations and diagnostic ratios were employed in order to propose probable sources for PACs. Although statistical analysis preliminarily has indicated both pyrogenic and petrogenic contributions, petrogenic sources were predominant reflecting the impacts of petroleum exploration and intensive traffic of boats in the study area.
Precise MEP monitoring with a reduced interval is safe and useful for detecting permissive duration for temporary clipping
Authors: Kameda Masahiro , Hishikawa Tomohito , Hiramatsu Masafumi , Yasuhara Takao , Kurozumi Kazuhiko , Date Isao
Published: February 2020

Although temporary clipping of the parent artery is an indispensable technique in clipping surgery for intracranial aneurysms, the permissive duration of temporary clipping is still not well known. The aim of this study is to confirm the safety of precise motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring and to estimate the permissive duration of temporary clipping for middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm based on precise MEP monitoring results. Under precise MEP monitoring via direct cortical stimulation every 30 seconds to 1 minute, surgeons released a temporary clip and waited for MEP amplitude to recover following severe (>50%) reduction of MEP amplitude during temporary clipping. Precise MEP monitoring was safely performed. Twenty-eight instances of temporary clipping were performed in 42 MCA aneurysm clipping surgeries. Because precise MEP monitoring could be used to determine when to release a temporary clip even with a severe reduction in MEP amplitude due to lengthy temporary clipping, no patients experienced permanent postoperative hemiparesis. Based on logistic regression analysis, if a temporary clip is applied for 312 seconds or more, there is a higher probability of a severe reduction in MEP amplitude. We should therefore release temporary clips after 5 minutes in order to avoid permanent postoperative hemiparesis.
The associations among quantitative spectral CT parameters, Ki-67 expression levels and EGFR mutation status in NSCLC
Authors: Lin Liaoyi , Cheng Jiejun , Tang Daoqiang , Zhang Ying , Zhang Feng , Xu Jianrong , Jiang Handong , Wu Huawei
Published: February 2020

Dual-energy spectral computed tomography (DESCT) is based on fast switching between high and low voltages from view to view to obtain dual-energy imaging data, and it can generate monochromatic image sets, iodine-based material decomposition images and spectral CT curves. Quantitative spectral CT parameters may be valuable for reflecting Ki-67 expression and EGFR mutation status in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the associations among the quantitative parameters generated in DESCT and Ki-67 expression and EGFR mutation in NSCLC. We studied sixty-five NSCLC patients with preoperative DESCT scans, and their specimens underwent Ki-67 and EGFR evaluations. Statistical analyses were performed to identify the spectral CT parameters for the diagnosis of Ki-67 expression and EGFR mutation status. We found that tumour grade and the slope of the spectral CT curve in the venous phase were the independent factors influencing the Ki-67 expression level, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the slope of the spectral CT curve in the venous phase in the receiver operating characteristic analysis for distinguishing different Ki-67 expression levels was 0.901. Smoking status and the normalized iodine concentration in the venous phase were independent factors influencing EGFR mutation, and the AUC of the two-factor combination for predicting the presence of EGFR mutation was 0.807. These results show that spectral CT parameters may be useful for predicting Ki-67 expression and the presence of EGFR mutation in NSCLC.
Electronic transport properties of a lithium-decorated ZrTe5 thin film
Authors: Yu Wenlong , Elias Jamie A. , Chen Kuan-Wen , Baumbach Ryan , Nenoff Tina M. , Modine Normand A. , Pan Wei , Henriksen Erik A.
Published: February 2020

Through a combination of single crystal growth, experiments involving in situ deposition of surface adatoms, and complimentary modeling, we examine the electronic transport properties of lithium-decorated ZrTe5 thin films. We observe that the surface states in ZrTe5 are robust against Li adsorption. Both the surface electron density and the associated Berry phase are remarkably robust to adsorption of Li atoms. Fitting to the Hall conductivity data reveals that there exist two types of bulk carriers: those for which the carrier density is insensitive to Li adsorption, and those whose density decreases during initial Li depositions and then saturates with further Li adsorption. We propose this dependence is due to the gating effect of a Li-adsorption-generated dipole layer at the ZrTe5 surface.
Impact of a deep learning assistant on the histopathologic classification of liver cancer
Authors: Kiani Amirhossein , Uyumazturk Bora , Rajpurkar Pranav , Wang Alex , Gao Rebecca , Jones Erik , Yu Yifan , Langlotz Curtis P. , Ball Robyn L. , Montine Thomas J. , Martin Brock A. , Berry Gerald J. , Ozawa Michael G. , Hazard Florette K. , Brown Ryanne A. , Chen Simon B. , Wood Mona , Allard Libby S. , Ylagan Lourdes , Ng Andrew Y. , Shen Jeanne
Published: February 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms continue to rival human performance on a variety of clinical tasks, while their actual impact on human diagnosticians, when incorporated into clinical workflows, remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we developed a deep learning-based assistant to help pathologists differentiate between two subtypes of primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, on hematoxylin and eosin-stained whole-slide images (WSI), and evaluated its effect on the diagnostic performance of 11 pathologists with varying levels of expertise. Our model achieved accuracies of 0.885 on a validation set of 26 WSI, and 0.842 on an independent test set of 80 WSI. Although use of the assistant did not change the mean accuracy of the 11 pathologists (p = 0.184, OR = 1.281), it significantly improved the accuracy (p = 0.045, OR = 1.499) of a subset of nine pathologists who fell within well-defined experience levels (GI subspecialists, non-GI subspecialists, and trainees). In the assisted state, model accuracy significantly impacted the diagnostic decisions of all 11 pathologists. As expected, when the model’s prediction was correct, assistance significantly improved accuracy (p = 0.000, OR = 4.289), whereas when the model’s prediction was incorrect, assistance significantly decreased accuracy (p = 0.000, OR = 0.253), with both effects holding across all pathologist experience levels and case difficulty levels. Our results highlight the challenges of translating AI models into the clinical setting, and emphasize the importance of taking into account potential unintended negative consequences of model assistance when designing and testing medical AI-assistance tools.
Cancer discrimination by on-cell N-glycan ligation
Authors: Nomura Shogo , Egawa Yasuko , Urano Sayaka , Tahara Tsuyoshi , Watanabe Yasuyoshi , Tanaka Katsunori
Published: February 2020

In the field of molecular imaging, selectivity for target cells is a key determinant of the degree of imaging contrast. Previously, we developed a pre-targeted method by which target cells could be selectively imaged using a labeled N-glycan that was ligated in situ with an integrin-targeted cyclic RGD peptide on the cell surface. Here we demonstrate the power of our method in discriminating various cancerous and non-cancerous cells that cannot be distinguished using conventional RGD ligands. Using four cyclic RGDyK peptides with various linker lengths with five N-glycans, we identify optimal combinations to discriminate six types of αvβ3 integrin–expressing cells on 96-well plates. The optimal combinations of RGD and N-glycan ligands for the target cells are fingerprinted on the plates, and then used to selectively image tumors in xenografted mouse models. Using this method, various N-glycan molecules, even those with millimolar affinities for their cognate lectins, could be used for selective cancer cell differentiation.
Rational design, synthesis, and characterization of a photocrosslinkable hole-transporting polymer for high performance solution-processed thermally activated delayed fluorescence OLEDs
Authors: Lee Ji Hye , Jeong Cheol Hun , Godumala Mallesham , Kim Chae Yeong , Kim Hyung Jong , Hwang Jin Hyo , Kim Yong Woo , Choi Dae Hyuk , Cho Min Ju , Choi Dong Hoon
Published: February 2020

A new photocrosslinkable PX2Cz was successfully synthesized and used as an excellent hole transport material in green TADF-OLED.
Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Beschäftigungsstatus und der Qualität der Ernährung anhand von Lebensmitteleinkäufen: Eine Querschnittsstudie
Authors: Wegeleben David , Westphal Christina , Schober Hans-Christof
Published: February 2020

Ziel der Studie Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen dem sozioökonomischen Status (SES) und der Qualität von Lebensmitteleinkäufen.

Methode In neun Supermärkten der Hansestadt Rostock wurden im Jahr 2015 über zwei Monate hinweg Lebensmitteleinkäufe und SES-relevante Daten von 400 Probanden erhoben. Maßstab zur Einschätzung der Qualität der Einkäufe war die mittlere Energiedichte des Einkaufs. Anhaltspunkt für den SES war der aktuelle Beschäftigungsstatus. Mittels Kovarianzanalysen wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Beschäftigungsstatus und der mittleren Energiedichte des Einkaufs untersucht.

Ergebnisse Probanden mit komplexen beruflichen Tätigkeiten kauften weniger energiedichte Lebensmittel als Teilnehmer mit einfachen Tätigkeiten sowie Schüler und Studenten. Bei Rentnern lag die mittlere Energiedichte des Einkaufs signifikant unter der von Probanden mit einfachen Tätigkeiten.

Schlussfolgerung Viele bereits existierende Studien nutzen sehr ähnliche Indikatoren und Methoden, um den Zusammenhang zwischen der Ernährungsqualität und dem sozioökonomischen Status zu untersuchen. Die vorliegende Studie kommt mittels einer bisher wenig beachteten Methode zu ähnlichen Ergebnissen.
Extreme Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – Neue Betreuungs- und Interventionsmöglichkeiten durch Bundesteilhabegesetz
Authors: Florentine Siebert Maxi , Baumann Alwin , Körber Ingrid , Schirmer Melanie , Lutter Henriette , Brandt Stephanie , von Schnurbein Julia , Wabitsch Martin
Published: February 2020

Hintergrund Kinder und Jugendliche mit extremer Adipositas leiden unter signifikanten Benachteiligungen in vielerlei Lebensbereichen. Eine gleichberechtigte Teilhabe am Leben in der Gesellschaft ist für diese Personengruppe kaum möglich. Um dem entgegenzuwirken, wurde untersucht, ob Kinder und Jugendliche mit extremer Adipositas gemäß Sozialgesetzbuch als behindert gelten.

Methode Es wurde eine Literaturrecherche durchgeführt, wobei sowohl die deutschen Gesetzestexte als auch die Fachliteratur gesichtet wurden. Neuerungen im deutschen Sozialgesetz wurden geprüft und im Rahmen dessen die Begriffsbestimmung des überarbeiteten Behinderungsbegriffs untersucht. Zuletzt wurde geprüft, ob die Voraussetzungen einer Behinderung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit extremer Adipositas gegeben sind.

Resultate Im Rahmen des überarbeiteten Behinderungsbegriffs kann die extreme Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen als Behinderung gelten. Entsprechend ist ein Anspruch auf Leistungen zur Teilhabe möglich. Solche Leistungen enthalten Sonderregelungen und Hilfen, die die Lebenssituation extrem adipöser Kinder und Jugendlicher erheblich verbessern könnten.

Schlussfolgerung Die Autoren sind sich einig, dass Kinder und Jugendliche mit extremer Adipositas in den häufigsten Fällen die Voraussetzungen erfüllen, um Leistungen zur Teilhabe beanspruchen zu können.
Ergotherapie bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Fuhr Heike , Sturm Christian
Published: February 2020

In diesem Artikel wird die konservative ergotherapeutische Behandlung bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen erläutert. Neben der Indikation und der aktuellen Verordnungssituation werden die klinische Erfassung der Beschwerden und häufig zum Einsatz kommende Assessments thematisiert. Einzelne ergotherapeutische Interventionen werden vorgestellt, wie die Gelenkschutzunterweisung, die Schienenversorgung, das Selbsthilfetraining und die Arbeitsplatzanalyse. Weiter wird die Evidenz bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen wiedergegeben. Demnach können Gelenkschutzunterweisungen, der Einsatz von Schienen und das Selbstmanagement Schmerzen reduzieren und Funktionen verbessern. Die Beurteilung des Arbeitsplatzes nimmt durch die verbesserte medikamentöse Behandlung zunehmend einen hohen Stellenwert ein.
Materiallogistik IM OP: Wettbewerbsvorteile durch den Einsatz von Fallwagen weiter ausbauen
Authors: Laciok Sylvia , Raida Andrea
Published: February 2020

In einem Krankenhaus weist der OP-Bereich das größte Wertschöpfungspotenzial auf und stellt gleichzeitig den kostenintensivsten Bereich dar. Neben den medizinischen Prozessen spielen auch die logistischen Prozesse eine entscheidende Rolle für einen erfolgreichen OP-Verlauf. Demnach kann eine Optimierung der OP-Logistik entscheidende Vorteile in Bezug auf Kosten, Zeit und Qualität generieren. Zur Erhöhung der Auslastung und zur Reduzierung der OP-Wechselzeiten haben sich innovative Konzepte, wie die Einführung von Fallwagen, bewiesen.
Kommentar von Adrian Reeck: Klinik-Einkauf aus Sicht der Pflege
Authors: Reeck Adrian
Published: February 2020

Viele Mythen ranken sich um den Operativen sowie auch Strategischen Einkauf in der Klinik – zumindest aus Sicht der Pflegenden. Diese Mythen beruhen oft auf Erlebtem, aber auch sehr oft auf Hörensagen und einer jahrelangen stationsinternen Informationsweitergabe, deren Inhalt auf Sachlichkeit und vor allem Richtigkeit nie so richtig geprüft oder hinterfragt wird.
Multi-modality bedding platform for combined imaging and irradiation of mice
Authors: Müller Johannes , Schürer Michael , Neubert Christian , Tillner Falk , Beyreuther Elke , Suckert Theresa , Peters Nils , von Neubeck Cläre , Lühr Armin , Krause Mechthild , Bütof Rebecca , Dietrich Antje
Published: February 2020

Preclinical imaging and irradiation yields valuable insights into clinically relevant research topics. While complementary imaging methods such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) can be combined within single devices, this is technically demanding and cost-intensive. Similarly, bedding and setup solutions are often specific to certain devices and research questions. We present a bedding platform for mice that is compatible with various preclinical imaging modalities (combined PET/MRI, cone beam CT) and irradiation with photons and protons. It consists of a 3D-printed bedding unit (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, ABS) holding the animal and features an inhalation anesthesia mask, jaw fixation, ear pins, and immobilization for the hind leg. It can be embedded on mounting adaptors for multi-modal imaging and into a transport box (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA) for experiments outside dedicated animal facilities while maintaining the animal’s hygiene status. A vital support unit provides heating, inhalation anesthesia, and a respiration monitor. We dosimetrically evaluated used materials in order to assess their interaction with incident irradiation. Proof-of-concept multi-modal imaging protocols were used on phantoms and mice. The measured attenuation of the bedding unit for 40/60/80/200 kV X-rays was less than 3%. The measured stopping-power-ratio of ABS was 0.951, the combined water-equivalent thickness of bedding unit and transport box was 4.2 mm for proton energies of 150 MeV and 200 MeV. Proof-of-concept imaging showed no loss of image quality. Imaging data of individual mice from different imaging modalities could be aligned rigidly. The presented bed aims to provide a platform for experiments related to both multi-modal imaging and irradiation, thus offering the possibility for image-guided irradiation which relies on precise imaging and positioning. The usage as a self-contained, stand-alone unit outside dedicated animal facilities represents an advantage over setups designed for specific devices.
On vanishing of all fourfold products of the Ray classes in symplectic cobordism
Authors: Bakuradze Malkhaz
Published: February 2020

This paper provides certain computations with transfer associated with projective bundles of

S
p
i
n

\mathrm {Spin}

vector bundles. One aspect is to revise the proof of the main result of [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 349 (1997), pp. 4385–4399] which says that all fourfold products of the Ray classes are zero in symplectic cobordism.
A category-theoretic characterization of almost measurable cardinals
Authors: Lieberman Michael
Published: February 2020

Through careful analysis of an argument of [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 145 (2017), pp. 1317–1327], we show that the powerful image of any accessible functor is closed under colimits of

κ
\kappa

-chains,

κ
\kappa

a sufficiently large almost measurable cardinal. This condition on powerful images, by methods resembling those of [J. Symb. Log. 81 (2016), pp. 151–165], implies

κ
\kappa

-locality of Galois-types. As this, in turn, implies sufficient measurability of

κ
\kappa

, via [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 145 (2017), pp. 4517–4532], we obtain an equivalence: a purely category-theoretic characterization of almost measurable cardinals.
Decoupling the CES Distribution Circle with Quality and Beyond: Equilibrium Distributions and the CES-Logit Nexus
Authors: Anderson Simon P , de Palma André
Published: February 2020

We show for CES demands with heterogeneous productivities that profit, revenue and output distributions lie in the same closed power family as the productivity distribution (e.g., the ‘Pareto circle’). The price distribution lies in the inverse power family. Equilibrium distribution shapes are linked by linear relations between their density elasticities. Introducing product quality decouples the CES circle, and reconciles Pareto price and Pareto sales revenue distributions. We use discrete choice underpinnings to find variable mark-ups for a more flexible demand formulation bridging CES to logit and beyond. For logit demand, exponential (resp. normal) quality-cost distributions generate Pareto (log-normal) economic size distributions.
Enhanced mating-type switching and sexual hybridization in heterothallic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Han Changpyo , Kwon Heeun , Park Gyuyeon , Jang Minjeong , Lee Hye-Jeong , Seo Sunghwa , Kwon Mincheol , Jeon Wooyoung , Lee Heeseok , Lee Hongweon , Ahn Jungoh
Published: February 2020

Yarrowia lipolytica is a non-conventional, heterothallic, oleaginous yeast with wide range of industrial applications. Increasing ploidy can improve advantageous traits for industrial applications including genetic stability, stress resistance, and productivity, but the construction of knockout mutant strains from polyploid cells requires significant effort due to the increased copy numbers of target genes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mating-type switching strategy by single-step transformation without a genetic manipulation vestige, and to optimize the conventional method for increasing ploidy (mating) in Y. lipolytica. In this study, mating-type genes in haploid Y. lipolytica cells were scarlessly converted into the opposite type genes by site-specific homologous recombination, and the resulting MATB-type cells were mated at low temperature (22°C) with addition of sodium citrate with each MATA-type haploid cell to yield a MATA/MATB-type diploid strain with genetic information from both parental strains. The results of this study can be used to increase ploidy and for whole genome engineering of a yeast strain with unparalleled versatility for industrial application.
AMA Manual of Style
Authors:   AMA Manual of Style Committee
Published: February 2020

The AMA Manual of Style, 11th edition, is a must-have guide for those seeking to publish research findings and anyone involved in medical, health, or scientific writing and publishing. The manual offers guidance on nuts-and-bolts topics including punctuation, capitalization, and grammar. It also provides recommendations on how to navigate the dilemmas that authors, researchers and their institutions, medical editors and publishers, writers, and members of the news media who cover scientific research confront on a daily basis. Written by an expert committee of JAMA Network editors, this 11th edition thoroughly covers ethical and legal issues, authorship, conflicts of interest, scientific misconduct, and intellectual property, in addition to preparation of articles for publication, style, terminology, measurement, and quantification.
Editing, Proofreading, Tagging, and Display
Authors: Christiansen Stacy L.
Published: February 2020

The Editing, Proofreading, Tagging, and Display chapter of the 11th edition of the AMA Manual of Style covers topics that influence readability, design, and coding. The chapter begins with a discussion of electronic editing using XML (extensible markup language) and the single-source model. A description of elements of design as they influence readability focuses on typography and is illustrated with examples of typeset pages from JAMA Network journals. Factors influencing the choice of typefaces—fonts and sizes—and the importance of spacing (line spacing and letter spacing), as well as a helpful list of when to use specific fonts and styles, is included. The use of color to add emphasis, create hierarchy, and organize elements concludes the chapter. In addition to digital concerns, a list of common editing and proofreading marks and a sample of proofread (and then final) copy continues to be included in this chapter.
Publishing Terms
Authors: Gregoline Brenda
Published: February 2020

The Publishing Terms chapter of the 11th edition of the AMA Manual of Style defines terms commonly encountered during editing and publishing, as well as some industry terms that have a more common vernacular meaning. Many new terms have been added to the glossary since the previous edition.
A1 COLONOSCOPY FINDINGS FOLLOWING A FECAL IMMUNOCHEMICAL TEST: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ASSESSING THE SCREENING TEST PERFORMANCE
Authors: Delisle M , Tremblay-Sirois L , Proulx M , Trottier-Tellier F , Martel M , Ménard C
Published: February 2020

Background

Fecal Immunochemical Testing (FIT) is the preferred test for colorectal cancer screening in the average risk population in Canada.

Aims

This study aims to assess colonoscopy findings in patients who have undergone a FIT within the previous 2 years.

Methods

This retrospective study included all adult patients that have undergone a single diagnostic colonoscopy from March 2013 to March 2016 following a single FIT test at the CIUSSS de l’Estrie, a tertiary hospital. The primary outcome was to evaluate rates of clinically significant lesion when comparing FIT positive (FIT+) to FIT negative (FIT-) colonoscopy, using Quebec’s current threshold of 175 ng/ml of hemoglobin. Secondary outcomes included all other type of lesions, delays between FIT testing and colonoscopy, procedural time, caecal intubation rates and withdrawal time.

Results

Overall, 2230 patients were included, aged 62.0±10.5 years, 55.0% were female and 26.1% had a positive FIT. Patients with a positive FIT had a significantly higher polypectomy rate (62.4% vs 41.3%, p<0.01) and higher number of polyps per patient (2.9±2.5 vs 2.1±1.5, p<0.01). FIT+ had significantly higher rates of adenocarcinoma (3.4% vs 0.7%, p<0.01) with 11 out of 31 patients bearing a negative FIT with the current threshold. No difference was found for sessile serrated polyps (7.8% vs 6.0%, p=0.13). Patients with a FIT+ had significantly higher advanced adenomas (24.0% vs 5.6%, p<0.01), proximal polyps (33.6% vs 22.4%, p<0.01), distal polyps (52.8% vs 28.2%, p<0.01), non-advanced adenomas (38.5% vs 23.9%, p<0.01) and benign polyps (25.1% vs 17.2%, p<0.01). Patients with FIT+ received their colonoscopy 7.5 months earlier than FIT- patients (3.3±2.2 vs 10.8±8.3 months, p<0.01). FIT+ also yielded a significant longer procedural time (28.5±14.1 vs 25.5±12.1, p<0.01) but no difference was noted for caecal intubation rates and withdrawal time (93.3% vs 94.0%, p=0.55 and 14.0±8.4 vs 12.0±7.7, p=0.20 respectively). Results were similar when lowering the threshold to 150, 100, 75 and even 50 ng/ml. 8 patients with an adenocarcinoma had a FIT level lower than 50 ng/ml.

Conclusions

Patients with a colonoscopy and a positive FIT have higher rates of significant findings. Although commonly used for colorectal cancer screening, FIT still failed to detect almost 30% of adenomas and adenocarcinomas found during colonoscopy. It also does not perform very well for serrated polyps. Our data also fails to show an improved yield of the FIT when lowering the its threshold from 175 to 50. There is still a great need for a more sensitive non-invasive colon cancer screening test.

Funding Agencies

None
A4 A FRAMEWORK TO STUDY INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE AMONG INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA
Authors: Peña-Sánchez J , Jennings D , Andkhoie M , Brass C , Bukassa-Kazadi G , Fowler S , Johnson-Jennings M , Marques Santos J D , Osei J A , Porter L , Porter R , Quintin C , Sanderson R , Teucher U
Published: February 2020

Background

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic condition with significant life-threatening disease-related complications and reductions in quality of life if left untreated. Despite available research about IBD in the general population, there is limited-to-no evidence about IBD among Indigenous peoples in Canada and around the world.

Aims

We aimed to define a collaborative framework, estimate the prevalence and incidence rates of IBD among First Nations in Saskatchewan, Canada, and explore perceptions of IBD among Indigenous peoples in the province.

Methods

This study began when Indigenous patients shared their health experiences with IBD with research team members. An interdisciplinary research team was formed including Indigenous patient and family advocates (IPFAs, Indigenous patients living with IBD and parents of an Indigenous person with IBD), an IBD gastroenterologist, knowledge users, and Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers. Our research team committed to raise awareness of IBD among Indigenous peoples within Indigenous communities and among health care providers and to advocate for better healthcare and well-being by providing evidence of IBD among Indigenous peoples living with IBD in Saskatchewan. We defined a mixed methodology. The first phase of the study used Saskatchewan administrative health data to estimate the prevalence and incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of IBD among First Nations. The second phase of the study will use a photovoice methodology to gather “the voices” of Indigenous peoples with IBD, encouraging self-interpretation of pictures, engaging their communities, and empowering them with the study findings.

Results

The IPFAs play a critical role in the project by sharing their experiences and defining the directions of the project, as well as defining our research framework (Figure 1). Preliminary results show that the prevalence of IBD among First Nations in Saskatchewan increased from 66 (95%CI 65–68) per 100,000 population in 1999 to 148 (95%CI 145–151) per 100,000 people in 2015. In contrast, the incidence rates appear to be stable over time, 11/100,000 (95%CI 4–24) in 1999 and 11/100,000 (95%CI 5–20) in 2015. We started recruiting participants for the photovoice study in September 2019.

Conclusions

This ground-breaking patient-driven study is the first stage to improve health among Indigenous peoples living with IBD in Saskatchewan. This project will generate community-engaged knowledge and expertise to inform the development of an Indigenous IBD framework that could promote better and knowledge-based healthcare for Indigenous peoples with IBD in Canada and worldwide.

Funding Agencies

CIHRSaskatchewan Health Research Foundation (SHRF) and Saskatchewan Centre for Patient-Oriented Research (SCPOR)
A10 TR1 CELL-BASED THERAPY FOR INFLAMMATORY ILEITIS IN SHIP-/- MICE
Authors: Lisko D , Menzies S , Sly L M , Steiner T
Published: February 2020

Background

Crohn’s disease (CD), a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is characterized by chronic inflammation that can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but commonly involves the distal portion of the ileum. Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase 1 (SHIP) is a hematopoietic-specific regulator of secondary signals generated by the PI3K pathway and regulates immune activation. SHIP-/- mice, at 6–8 weeks of age, spontaneously develop inflammatory ileitis due to myeloid proliferation, a lack of T cells, and an increase in IL-1β.

Aims

Here we investigated the efficacy of type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells, which are characterized by high IL-10 production, a broadly acting anti-inflammatory cytokine that promotes gut homeostasis, to treat ileitis in SHIP-/- mice.

Methods

Using IL-10GFPFOXP3RFP B6 reporter mice, we sorted FOXP3-CD44High Tr1 cells, FOXP3+ Tregs, and FOXP3-CD44Low naive T cells from total CD4+ T cells, and cultured them with immobilized α-CD3, soluble α-CD28 and recombinant IL-2 for 3 days. Naive T cells were grown in undifferentiated conditions or polarized to Th1 or Th17 cells. Cell phenotypes were characterized by ELISA and flow cytometry.

For the adoptive Tr1 cell transfer, CD44High cells were sorted from FOXP3GFP Thy1.1 reporter mice and cultured as above with an additional 2 days’ rest in the presence of IL-2 alone. SHIP-/- mice and wild type (WT) littermates were sublethally irradiated at 5 weeks of age, followed 24h later by IP injection with 0.7 – 1.0 x 106 Tr1 cells or PBS vehicle. At 7 weeks of age, mice were euthanized and blood, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and ileal tissue were processed.

Results

After 3 days of stimulation, FOXP3-CD44High Tr1 cells produced more IL-10 than Tregs and less IFN-γ than Th1 cells. Additionally, CD44High cells had higher co-expression of CD49b and Lag3, biomarkers for Tr1 cells, in comparison to nT cells, Tregs, Th1, and Th17 cells, a higher percentages of IL-10 producing cells than FOXP3+ Tregs and produced less IFN-γ, IL-17, and TNF-α in comparison to Th1, Th17 and naive T cells, respectively.

We found that Tr1 cells successfully engrafted irradiated SHIP-/- mice. Furthermore, engrafted Tr1 cells had high co-expression of CD49b and Lag3, with the majority of these cells located in the MLNs and spleen. SHIP KO mice that received Tr1 cells had comparable ileal length and appearance to SHIP WT, and significantly longer ilea versus SHIP PBS controls — indicating decreased inflammation as a result of successful engraftment.

Conclusions

In conclusion, ex-vivo expansion and adoptive transfer of Tr1 cells to SHIP-/- mice led to cellular engraftment and improvement in spontaneous ileitis. Hence, Tr1 cellular therapy shows promise as a therapeutic approach in CD. Future experiments will be needed to determine the therapeutic dose range of Tr1 cells and the mechanisms of protection.

Funding Agencies

CCC
A14 GUT-RESIDING BACTERIA CAN SHAPE HOST DRUG METABOLISM IN THE SMALL INTESTINE THROUGH AN INNATE LYMPHOID CELL-IL-22 DRIVEN AXIS
Authors: Flannigan K L , Johnston M , Erickson S L , Nieves K , Jijon H , Gallo M , McCoy K , Hirota S A
Published: February 2020

Background

The ability of the intestinal microbiota to influence drug metabolism has been recognized, however the mechanisms through which this occurs remain unexplored. Recent work in germ-free mice showed that conventionalization with specific pathogen free (SPF) microbiota influences the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the liver and small intestine (SI), two important sites of drug metabolism. Given that CYP enzymes, including CYP3A11 in mice, account for roughly 70% of total drug metabolism, we hypothesized that commensal gut bacteria can shape the CYP landscape to influence drug metabolism and therapeutic outcomes.

Aims

To investigate the role of specific gut-residing microbes in shaping the expression and activity of host drug metabolism enzymes.

Methods

Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB)-free mice were obtained from Jackson Lab (Jax) and colonized with feces from SFB-mono-associated mice via oral gavage. 14 days later, expression of drug metabolism enzymes in the SI were probed using PCR arrays, and lamina propria cells isolated for flow cytometry. A monoclonal antibody for Thy1.2 was used to deplete innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in RAG1-/- mice (lacking T- and B-cells). CYP3A11 activity was determined through the colorimetric breakdown of the CYP3A11-specific substrate 7-benzyloxyresorufin. SI organoids were generated from mice and humans, and treated with IL-22 to further assess the dynamics of CYP3A11/CYP3A4 expression and activity.

Results

Colonization of Jax mice with immunomodulatory SFB altered the expression of various CYP enzymes in the SI (but not liver), with Cyp3a11 being the most downregulated gene. Further analysis showed that SFB-induced IL-22 production by type 3 ILCs (ILC3) correlated with reduced SI Cyp3a11 expression. Additionally, SFB colonization had no effect on the expression of Cyp3a11 in the SI of mice in which ILCs were depleted. Both SFB colonization and administration of IL-23, to induce IL-22 from ILC3, increased the ability of the CYP3A11-metabolized drug glyburide to decrease blood glucose levels when given orally. In mouse SI enteroid cultures, IL-22 dose-dependently reduced the expression of Cyp3a11 and decreased the ability of enteroids to metabolize CYP3A11-specific substrates. Finally, IL-22 induced wide changes in the transcriptome of human SI enteroids, with substantial effects on a drug metabolism pathway centred around CYP3A.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that a gut-resident microbe (SFB) can influence the expression and activity of the drug metabolising enzyme CYP3A11 in the SI through an ILC3-IL-22 dependent mechanism. These findings provide an understanding of how the intestinal microbiota may modulate host drug metabolism to influence the efficacy and toxicity of various pharmaceutical compounds.

Funding Agencies

CAG, CIHRAbbvie, Lloyd Sutherland Investigatorship