bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Present status and future prospects of Gir cow
Authors: GAJBHIYE P U , GADARIYA M R , AHLAWAT A R , DONGRE V B
Published: August 2023

Gir cattle in Saurashtra provide milk, manure and draught power. Animal genetic resources of native breeds are largely underutilized in India and indiscriminate crossbreeding has degraded large numbers of local breeds. This is also true with Gir cattle in its native breeding tract. (i) About two-third population is either graded Gir or Gir like and hence not pure Gir, (ii) only one-third population i.e. 7.6 lakh could be 95% towards pure Gir. Hence, it is difficult to obtain large number of pure Gir animals. Since 2003–04 to 2012– 13, contribution of Saurashtra to state total indigenous cattle milk yield is 60%. A 25 years data analysis on Gir cows at CBF revealed average lactation yield as 2029 litre in 321 days lactation length and 1843.8 litre milk yield in 300 days. Production performance of Gir cows in three districts:(1) Junagadh (2) Rajkot and (3) Bhavnagar showed that average test day milk yield in Gir cows over a lactation were 7.99±0.05 litre/d for Junagadh, 6.43±0.03 litre/d for Rajkot and 6.71±0.04 litre /d for Bhavnagar district, projected values for 300-days milk yield being was 2397, 1929, and 2013 litre for the three districts respectively. Average AFC in Gir cattle of the station herd was 1527.7±14.1 days (51 mth) whereas survey study in Junagadh, Rajkot and Bhavnagar districts indicated AFC in field Gir cows as 45, 49, and 46 month, respectively. Parity had a significant effect on total lactation milk yield in Gir cows at CBF. Highest total lactation yield was observed in 2nd lactation (2132±123.4 litre) while lowest was observed in 10th lactation (1456.8±219.1 litre). Milk production traits LY and 300-d LY exhibited 10 to 13 % genetic variability in the herd. This suggests that to increase variability in the herd, genetic material from outside herd needs to be introduced.
Principal component analysis of body measurements based morphological structure of Madgyal sheep
Authors: YADAV DINESH KUMAR , ARORA REENA , JAIN ANAND
Published: August 2023

The present study describes the morphometric structure of extensively managed Madgyal sheep of Maharashtra and predicts body weight from their body biometry traits using principal component analysis (PCA). The data on body weight and 13 body measurements were recorded on 200 randomly selected sheep. Phenotypic correlation among body weight and biometric traits were positive and highly significant except some of ear length related combinations. The PCA of morphometric traits extracted two components with a total variance 67.8% explained. The first factor had high loadings for variables related to body size, whereas second factor was loaded in favour of body shape. PCA was able to define the morphological structure of Madgyal sheep and identified traits with greater variability. The principal component based regression models were more appropriate than the use of original correlated variables in predicting the body weight. The findings could be useful in designing management, selection and breeding programmes of the Madgyal sheep.
Bio-stimulatory effects of bull urine (BU), PRID and GnRH on estrus induction and ovarian activity in pubertal anestrus Sahiwal heifers
Authors: AHMED ABRAR , TIWARI R P , MISHRA G K
Published: August 2023

The present study was designed to assess the bio-stimulatory effect of bull urine (BU) exposure, administration of progesterone impregnated intravaginal device (PRID) in combination with PGF2a and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), (PRID-PG-GnRH) and GnRH in combination with PGF2a (GnRH-PG-GnRH) on induction of estrus and resumption of ovarian activity in pubertal anestrus Sahiwal heifers. Thirty two pubertal anestrus Sahiwal heifers were randomly divided in to 4 groups viz., Gr.1, (n=8, BU), Gr.2, (n=8, PRID-PG-GnRH), Gr.3, (n=8, GnRH-PG-GnRH) and Gr. 4, (n=8, Control). Significantly lesser proportion of anestrus Sahiwal heifers were induced to estrus (25%) following BU exposure than PRID-PG-GnRH (100%) and GnRH-PG-GnRH (87.50%) treated heifers. However, there were no heifers induced to estrus in control group during the experiment. The time interval taken for onset of estrus (days) was shorter in PRID-PG-GnRH (8.00±1.51) and GnRH-PG-GnRH (8.00±1.25) than BU exposed heifers (23.00±2.41). On ultrasonographic imaging, no definite growth patterns of ovarian follicles were observed in BU exposed and control groups. However, definite growth pattern of ovarian follicles were recorded in PRID-PG-GnRH and GnRH-PG-GnRH treated heifers. Significant decrease in the number of small follicles from day 3 to 7 in PRID (14 vs 5) and in GnRH (13 vs 4) treated heifers. However, increase in the number of large follicles were observed in heifers treated with PRID-PG-GnRH (0 vs 1.87) and GnRH-PG-GnRH (0 vs 2) from day 0 to 7, respectively, as compared to control group. The overall conception rate in BU exposed heifer was lower (25%) than PRID (50%) and GnRH (50%) treated heifers. Bull urine (BU) mediated induction of estrus is significantly lower in pubertal anestrus Sahiwal heifers than PRID+PG and GnRH+PG treated heifers.
Optimization of single step multiplex PCR for detection of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria necatrix from commercial broilers
Authors: KHAN MUHAMMAD UMAIR , ISLAM SAHER , BAJWA AMNA ARSHAD , RASHID IMRAN , AKHTAR RAHEELA , AKBAR HAROON , SHEHZAD WASIM , LATEEF MUHAMMAD
Published: August 2023

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was optimized for detection of 2 important species of Eimeria (Eimeria tenella and E. necatrix). This optimized protocol was used to screen 100 fecal samples collected from broiler birds in Lahore periphery. Out of 100 samples we found 6 tenella and only 1 E. necatrix positive by this method. The detection limit of oocysts by this method was as leastas 16 oocysts. This optimized multiplex PCR method can be used as routine diagnostic tool for detection of E. tenella and E. necatrix and can be extended up to the detection of 7 Eimeria species in future.
Phenotypic and genetic analysis of carcass quality of different breeds’ fatlings
Authors: LUKAC D , VIDOVIC V , INIC N D , TOMOVIC V
Published: August 2023

Dissection and quantitative-genetic analysis of carcass quality was performed on 318 fatlings of 5 different pig breeds: German, Dutch and Belgian Landrace, Yorkshire and Hampshire. Significant fixed effects (sex and genotype) and regression effects (age and body weight at slaughter) were fitted in the statistical model. Genetic parameters were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure based on an animal model with multivariate analyses. Heritability estimates for carcass traits were moderate to high except for back weight and neck weight. Among most of the carcass quality traits, the midrange strong and very strong positive genetic and phenotypic correlations were established. The traits that were analyzed showed sufficient genetic variation, indicating that their improvement is possible through genetic selection. Genetic variability was stable and expressed and justified further genetic changes in the desired direction.
Level of cattle rearing practices followed by farmers of Indo-Gangetic plain zone
Authors: RAJEEV RAJEEV , KUMAR RAVINDER , SINGH R , KUMAR NEERAJ , KUMAR PRAVEEN
Published: August 2023

The sample of 90 respondents’ was collected for present study from Shamli district in Indo-Gangetic plain zone. Sugarcane tops were the main fodder crop from October to May months. The sugarcane tops were fed with mix of berseem or mustard cake or others concentrates from January to May. 31.11% respondents used wheat straw mixed with other green fodders followed by jowar, karbi, berseem and lobia as 27.77, 3.33, 2.22 and 2.22%, respectively. It was found that 28.80% animals were milch animal in study area. 38.88% of the respondents provided colostrums within 2 h of birth, 2–4 within hours and the placenta. It was also observed that 43.33% allowed suckling of their calf upto six months. However, 91.11% of the respondents did not dehorn calve. The adoption level regarding feeding practices of cow rearing was providing clean and fresh drinking water which have higher180 score (I rank) of feeding and lowest score was grazing which found only 17score (X ranks), followed 172, 103, 98, 96,102, 97, 69, and 47 score occupied the ranks III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX, respectively. Out of eight practices included in adoption of calf rearing management practices, Feeding of colostrum to newly born calves within 2 h after the birth was the highest score and occupied (Ist rank). The II and III ranks were occupied by attending newly born calf and proper cleaning of mucous from mouth and nostrils 139 score and trimming of hooves 94 score, respectively. Lighting and disinfection of naval cord, regular deworming of calves, right time method of dehorning and right time castration were VI, V, VI, VII, and VIII ranks, respectively. However, such types of practices are followed for sustainable livestock husbandry in this area since long time.
What Went Wrong At Aburi: Interrogating the Gap in the Use of Good Offices and Mediation in the Nigerian Civil War
Authors: Baala Gawuga Thompson , Duruoma Nneka Basilia
Published: August 2023

Good offices and mediation are traditional means of dispute resolution. Both dispute mechanisms have been used in achieving truce and armistice unrivaled by any other known dispute resolution methods like arbitration, conciliation, and judicial settlement; this is possible because of its overlapping nature and for which distinction is now blurred. This study attempts to distinguish between good offices and mediation, use and abuse in practice and its consequences when improperly applied. Using the constructivist theory, the study interrogates the use of good offices in the conflict stage of the Nigerian Civil War where the Ghanaian Head of State Lt- General J.A. Ankrah had invited parties in Nigerian Crisis to Aburi, Ghana, early steps toward resolving the looming crisis by negotiation. This study identifies some elements of mediation in dearth to have averted the eventual Civil War. It argues that a good offices provider should equally armed self with skills of a full mediator maintaining that the tempo of a negotiation may require switching from providing good offices to full mediation and not necessarily calling off negotiation within negotiation. The study maintains that all that was required in the instance was Lt-General J.A. Ankrah’s reappearance at the table to build consensus while interpreting messages. The study uses secondary sources of data and a qualitative research design. It concludes that negotiation may fail where it is laced with more stoppages as such tempo found to close negotiation may be lost in course of time. It recommends the overlapping skills of good offices and mediation in one breathe evidently lacking at Aburi
Risk Assets Quality and Profitability of Listed Commercial Banks in Nigeria Stock Exchange
Authors: JONES Ebieri , OHIAGU Ihechinyerem Chidozie , EKWONYE Grace Nkechi , UBALI Chinatu
Published: August 2023

The dynamics in banking business had made their function of financial intermediation susceptible to inherent systemic risks and uncertainties as the role strictly require banks to ensure depositors’ funds are not endangered based on economic consequences it portends. The study therefore investigated risk assets quality and profitability of listed commercial banks in Nigeria and adopted ex post facto research design. It engaged non-probability sampling technique and purposively used 5 top banks licensed with international authorization. It collected relevant data from annual reports of these banks covering 2009 to 2018, a post banking sector consolidation era after the world financial crisis. Risk assets ratio and loan deposit ratio were derived and used as joint proxies for risk assets quality whereas log of profit after tax represented the dependent variable. It engaged panel data regression to evaluate the variables. It established that 64.4% of the total variation in profitability was attributable to risk assets quality of the banks. It proved risk assets ratio and loan deposit ratio has positive and negative significant effect on profitability of the banks respectively. The result further gave evidence that each bank maintained risk assets quality that has significant effect of their respective profit after tax during the period and concluded that risk assets quality has significant effect on profitability of commercial banks in Nigeria. It therefore recommended that management of banks should sustain appropriate risk assets ratio, maintain suitable loan deposit maturity profile and enhance its services to attract depositors.
Green Pricing and Customer Patronage of Restaurants in Port Harcourt
Authors: Duke Ebikela , Ateibueri Arikekpar Obaima
Published: August 2023

The study examined the relationship between green pricing and customer patronage of restaurants in Port Harcourt. In order to address the objectives of the study, two research questions and two research hypotheses were formulated. The study was anchored on Institutional Theory; the study adopted correlational survey research design. The population of the study consists of 39 fast food restaurants gotten from www.businesslist.com.ng. The population of the study was adopted as the sample of the study since it is not too large for a study. To generate data for the study, one hundred and ninety-five (195) copies of questionnaire was given to the 39 fast food restaurants in the frame of five (5) copies per firm. A total of one hundred and ninety-five (195) respondents were used as the study subjects. The reliability of the instrument was determined using the Cronbach's alpha test instrument and it stood at 0.98 higher than the benchmark of 0.7. The data collected for this study were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. The Spearman Rank-order correlation technique was employed to test the various hypothesis formulated. The result revealed a strong and significant relationship between green pricing and customer patronage of restaurants in Port Harcourt. The study concluded that; fast foods restaurant need to adopt green pricing techniques because environmental problems can be solved by going green. Based on the conclusion, the study recommends that: Fast food restaurants should adopt premium pricing as it would lead to customer patronage; they should start selling green products because green products would help preserve and sustain the environment which would in turn lead to repeat purchase from customers and also consumers should be willing and ready to pay the small premium that comes with green products as it would not only create market for sustainable products but would also ensure that the environment is protected against fu
Naval carpentry and mathematical knowledge: A sociocultural study in the Amazônia Tocantina – PA
Authors: Do Carmo Dutra Dias Robson , Claudio Brandemberg João
Published: August 2023

The text addresses the mathematical knowledge present in the sociocultural activities of naval carpenters in the Tocantina Amazon region, state of Pará. It seeks to understand how this knowledge is acquired and applied in the construction of vessels and what relationships they have with school mathematics. Using an ethnomathematical approach, the work is theoretically based on authors such as: D'Ambrósio (2022); Knijnik (2004); Lucena and Fossa (2000); Pantoja (2015), Mendes and Farias (2014), among others. The work also highlights the geography and histories of the research site and the Amazonian-riverine peoples. Data were collected through observation and interviews with naval carpenters, holders of unique and valuable knowledge for the research. The results indicate that the carpenters have diverse knowledge about their culture, profession and the place where they live, acquired empirically over time, through experiences, mistakes and successes. The more experienced carpenters have a greater knowledge load, due to the contact and prolonged experience with the profession. By analyzing the mathematical knowledge involved in naval carpentry, the study shows applications of mathematical concepts in the field of Geometry, Algebra and Arithmetic, used empirically and transmitted to apprentices over the years. This knowledge is fundamental for the construction of stable, safe and quality vessels, and its transmission is essential for the continuity of this sociocultural practice.
Investigating Students’ Perceptions on using Tech-books in the classrooms
Authors: Noura Saeed Ali Alateeq  , Jayashree Premkumar Shet
Published: August 2023

Technology such as iPads has been increasingly popular in classrooms in recent years. Learners are gradually moving away from textbooks and toward digital books on iPads. This study lists the pros of learning with iPad learning. Furthermore, it deals with the benefits of using i Pads in the classroom from the students' perspective. To collect data and information for this study, the researchers used both a quantitative and qualitative technique. This qualitative study chose to use a questionnaire that was delivered to the target audience of Qassim university students. The data was then descriptively reviewed, and the majority of those engaged in this survey claimed that they preferred using an iPad in the classroom since it was more convenient and easier to use if a student wants to look for certain information. Nonetheless, a few respondents disagreed and wanted to use the textbook and learn in the usual manner. Some educators, on the other hand, believe it is an elephant in the room. However, I Pads are a solution for all of the untold sufferings of students and would usher us into the ultra digital era if this facility is provided to one and all of the student community irrespective of the countries they reside.
La naturaleza compleja de la investigación en traducción
Authors: Lévano Castro Sofía
Published: August 2023

Reconocer la complejidad de los Estudios de Traducción es el punto de partida para una mejor comprensión de los problemas y particularidades que rodean la investigación sobre el traductor y la traducción. El presente artículo explora la naturaleza compleja de la investigación en traducción desde la discusión de su carácter científico, interdisciplinar y multidisciplinar hasta la problemática relacionada con la definición de su objeto de estudio. Consideramos que tomar conciencia de los problemas ontológicos y epistemológicos que se derivan de su ubicación como ciencia social y humana y de la diversidad de enfoques metodológicos que se emplean en su investigación, permitirá mejorar la práctica investigadora de la traducción e ir erradicando estudios que carecen de conclusiones sólidas y que presentan representaciones vagas de la práctica traductora en la que se analiza la traducción como proceso y producto sin tomar en consideración el contexto y la función.
IDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR DOMINAN PENYEBAB SISA MATERIAL DENGAN METODE RATING SCALE PADA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG REKTORAT UNIVERSITAS NURUL JADID
Authors: Wiryasuta I Ketut Hendra , Hardiyanti Siska Aprilia , Adelia Riris Afa
Published: August 2023

Universitas Nurul Jadid mengadakan pembangunan Gedung Rektorat dengan pelaksana proyek CV. Generasi Jaya. Pada pelaksanaan pembangunannya seringkali tidak dapat dihindari timbulnya sisa material, sehingga perlu adanya perencanaan manajemen material agar dapat mencapai minimum sisa material. Selain itu, perlu dilakukan identifikasi sisa material untuk mengetahui akar penyebab sisa material. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi faktor dominan penyebab sisa material pada proyek pembangunan Gedung Rektorat Universitas Nurul Jadid. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuesioner kepada empat responden dari CV. Generasi Jaya sebagai pihak kontraktor, dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sample expert ditetapkan responden diantaranya Project Manager, Construction Manager, Supervisor, dan Logistic. Hasil kuesioner diidentifikasi menggunakan metode Rating Scale untuk mendapatkan faktor dominan penyebab timbulnya sisa material. Hasil identifikasi tersebut menghasilkan 15 faktor penyebab sisa material yang terbagi dalam enam kategori yaitu desain, pengadaan, penanganan, pelaksanaan, residual dan lain-lain dengan faktor dominan yang menduduki tiga peringkat teratas yaitu pemilihan spesifikasi produk dengan skor 0,830, penyimpanan material yang tidak tepat menyebabkan kerusakan atau penurunan material dengan skor 0,657, dan kurangnya pengontrolan material di lokasi dan rencana pengelolaan sisa material dengan skor 0,515.
Interface Gráfica Para Simulação De Sistemas Exascale
Authors: Barroso João Pedro Resende , Manacero Aleardo , Fares Ricardo T. , Pereira Daphne L. H. , Jesus Bruno V. V. de , Lobato Renata S. , Spolon Roberta
Published: August 2023

Esse artigo descreve o projeto de extensão da interface gráfica do simulador iSPD (iconic Simulator of Parallel and Distibuted Systems), garantindo a ele a capacidade de projetar e simular sistemas de computadores de larga escala (exascale). Para isso, foi estudado e implementado novos métodos de modelagem e visualização de resultados, buscando na área de Big Data técnicas a serem adaptadas para esse uso.
Rede Neural IncResU-Net para Inferência de Sinais Eletrocardiograma a partir de Sinais Fotopletismograma
Authors: Pinto Rafael Albuquerque , Oliveira Hygo de , Souto Eduardo , Giusti Rafael
Published: August 2023

O eletrocardiograma (ECG) é um exame médico que mede a atividade elétrica do coração, enquanto o fotopletismograma (PPG) mede as alterações no volume sanguíneo por meio de tecnologia baseada em luz. Embora ambos os métodos sejam usados para monitorar a frequência cardíaca, o ECG é considerado o método padrão ouro para o diagnóstico de doenças cardíacas porque fornece informações adicionais sobre o funcionamento do coração. Apesar dos esforços para integrar a detecção de ECG em dispositivos vestíveis para monitoramento cardíaco contínuo e confiável, os sensores PPG são atualmente a principal solução viável. Este trabalho propõe um método denominado PPG2ECG, baseado no mapeamento entre domínio, aplicando um conjunto de filtros de convolução, utilizando uma arquitetura de rede neural U-net Inception, para inferir sinais ECG a partir de sinais PPG. Para avaliar a eficácia do método proposto, foram adotadas duas estratégias de avaliação, baseadas em modelos personalizados e generalizados. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram valores médios de erros médio quadráticos de 0,015 e 0,026, respectivamente.
Urheberrechtsschutz im digitalen Binnenmarkt
Authors: Raue Benjamin
Published: August 2023

Urheberrecht hat eine große Bedeutung für den digitalen Binnenmarkt der EU. Prominent hervorgehoben hat dies nicht zuletzt der Titel der Richtlinie (EU) 2019/790 des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 17. April 2019 über das Urheberrecht und die verwandten Schutzrechte im digitalen Binnenmarkt. Dieser Beitrag zeigt im ersten Abschnitt auf, warum das Urheberrecht in einer digitalen Gesellschaft bedeutsamer und regelrecht zum Alltagsrecht geworden ist. Anschließend wird in einem zweiten Abschnitt der aktuelle Stand der Harmonisierung skizziert, um dann im dritten Abschnitt exemplarisch strukturell wichtige Entwicklungen des Unionsurheberrechts zu erläutern, die auch in anderen Bereichen des Unionsrechts Bedeutung haben können.
Attraktive Vergütungspakete machen den Unterschied
Authors: Fischer Patrick , Melle Philipp
Published: August 2023

Im „War for Talents“ kann ein attraktives Vergütungspaket der entscheidende Faktor sein. Doch statt einfach das monatliche Fixgehalt zu erhöhen, sollten sich Arbeitgeber auch mit der Nettolohnoptimierung und vor allem den sogenannten Fringe Benefits beschäftigen. Für Arbeitnehmer zählt nämlich das Gesamtpaket und was netto am Ende ankommt. Dieser Beitrag zeigt einige Optimierungsmöglichkeiten, die das Steuer- und Sozialversicherungsrecht in diesem Kontext bietet.
Das Potenzial systemischen Wissensmanagements
Authors: Böth Jonas
Published: August 2023

Warum ist Wissensmanagement für Organisationen Sozialer Arbeit relevant? Organisationen können nur entstehen und funktionieren, weil sie auf Wissen aufgebaut sind. Dies lässt sich auch in allen Ebenen der Organisation Sozialer Arbeit erkennen. Zentrale Aufgabe der Führungskräfte ist es daher, wesentliche Entwicklungen zu beobachten und so ihre Organisation im Wettbewerb zu stärken. Der systematische Umgang mit Wissen ist daher ein zentrales Querschnittsthema des Sozialmanagements.
The development of an enforcement mechanism under the former European Economic Community treaty: what lessons for ASEAN?
Authors: Hongvichit Somsack
Published: August 2023

Der folgende Beitrag ist im Rahmen der Kooperation der Rechtsfakultäten in Luxemburg und Vientiane entstanden. Sie ist Teil eines kooperationspolitischen Projekts zur Implementation rechtsstaatlicher Prinzipien in Ländern des Globalen Südens. In der demokratischen Volksrepublik Laos stellen sich bei deren Übergang in einen Rechtsstaat besondere interkulturelle, ökonomische und geopolitische Herausforderungen, die bei der Verankerung rechtsstaatlicher Prinzipien zu beachten sind. Der Beitrag ist exemplarisch für diese Zusammenarbeit und thematisiert, inwiefern Regeln der europäischen Rechtsdurchsetzung modellhaft für die ASEAN-Staaten sein können.
Fondements de l’harmonisation des politiques minieres entre la rdc et de la zambie
Authors: MUKULI Georges BOKONDU
Published: August 2023

Cet article examine les fondements de l’harmonisation des politiques minières entre la RDC et la Zambie. Cet article relève le fait que les deux pays sont voisins, mais également tous deux se retrouvent à cheval du Copper belt qui possède un minerais stratégique convoité par la révolution industrielle et technologique. L’article relève qu’il existe des instruments juridiques sur lesquels doit se fonder l’harmonisation des politiques minières de ces deux pays. Ainsi, il est question d’identifier les voies et moyens possibles pour harmoniser les législations minières de ces deux Etats, mais également de répondre à la question de savoir comment les pays qui disposent des frontières communes et exploitent un même type de minerais peuvent-ils échanger leurs expériences de gouvernance afin que chacun bénéficie de l’expérience de l’autre.
Unexpected Results with New Homeopathic Complexes: A Review
Authors: de Freitas Buchi Dorly , S. Trindade Edvaldo , C. de Oliveira Carolina
Published: August 2023

Despite homeopathy being a therapy that has been around for over 200 years, it still arouses controversy, both because of the high dilutions in which it is administered and because of the methodologies used in research, which are not always adequate to reach a definitive conclusion. Our group has been researching the action of single homeopathic products and homeopathic complexes on immune system cells and on tumor cells, both animal and human, for over 25 years. In this chapter, we intend to summarize the main results obtained in theses and dissertations, products of academic research with strict controls, all carried out by nonhomeopathic professionals, mainly by biologists and biochemists, whose conclusion is unquestionable. We may not know the detailed mechanisms of action of homeopathy, just as we do not know about most allopathic medicines, medicines that often work one way in a patient. In some people, the doses must be tested, or even sometimes have a paradoxical action in others. The results were surprising, and here we will present two of the investigated complexes, which have already been published with different names or acronyms, but which, in recent years, have been referred to as M1 (mixture 1) and M8 (mixture 8), letters and numbers used in a large double-blind study conducted.
Exploring the Potential of Microbial Communities: Understanding their Role in PMI estimation
Authors: Jangid Chitra , Dalal Jyoti
Published: August 2023

Cadaver decomposition is a natural phenomenon intimately affected by numerous organisms such as insects, bacteria etc., where they use the decaying body as their nutrition source. These organisms can be utilized in forensic science to estimate the Post-mortem Interval. Forensic entomology is one of the popular approaches where successive colonization of insects on cadaver is studied to estimate PMI. However, sometime this method does not provide consistent results due to lack of insect activities during cold environment conditions or when crime scene is indoor. Recently, researchers have noted that microbiomes have shown predictable and clockwise successional patterns on decomposing cadavers and suggested this could be utilized to estimate PMI when this approach is etched with other established methods. This chapter summarizes the utility of microbial profiling in medico-legal investigations.
Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles: A Biological Approach
Authors: Álvarez-Chimal Rafael , Ángel Arenas-Alatorre Jesús
Published: August 2023

Nanoparticles are often associated with their small size and numerous applications. However, the synthesis process is equally important as it determines the size and properties of the nanoparticles. While traditional nanoparticle synthesis methods require the use of hazardous chemicals and high-energy consumption, green synthesis offers a sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly alternative. This approach utilizes natural resources and biologically active compounds that can act as reducing, stabilizing, or capping agents in the one-step synthesis of nanoparticles. Green synthesis offers numerous advantages, including the development of processes with minimal environmental impact and improved safety for nanoparticle synthesis. Overall, the synthesis of nanoparticles using green chemistry is a promising approach for sustainable and efficient production. This chapter provides a general overview of nanoparticles, their applications, and green synthesis, and highlights the various biological resources used in these processes and the factors affecting their synthesis.
Using Large Scale Rapid Antigen Testing (RAT) to Inform Participatory Ad-Hoc Community Surveillance for Emerging Communicable Disease Epidemics
Authors: Ngai Yung Tsang Nicole , Chi So Hau , Kai Ming Ip Dennis
Published: August 2023

Besides the diagnostic use for infectious diseases in a point-of-care clinical settings, the simplicity and ease of self-performed RAT can also be an alternative approach for informing disease surveillance at the community level, carrying the potential advantage of enhanced timeliness, acceptability, and flexibility. Commissioned by the Hong Kong Government during the catastrophic fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, our team established and maintained an ad-hoc large-scale participatory daily antigen rapid testing surveillance (DARTS) system for real-time situational awareness of SARS-CoV-2 activity to inform policy consideration in a timely manner. This Chapter will describe the concept and design of the surveillance approach, examine the practical feasibility and challenges, related logistical consideration on implementation and maintenance, technical aspects of data analysis to cater for the unique surveillance need, and other potential additional contribution of the data on understanding the novel disease (estimating vaccine effectiveness, and symptomatology and viral shedding pattern).
The state of Augmented Reality in aerospace navigation and engineering
Authors: Pradhan Pratik , Rostami Mohsen , Kamoonpuri Jafer , Chung Joon
Published: August 2023

The concept of Augmented Reality (AR) has existed in the field of aerospace for several decades in the form of Head-Up Display (HUD) or Head-Worn Display (HWD). These displays enhance Human-Machine Interfaces and Interactions (HMI2) and allow pilots to visualize the minimum required flight information while seeing the physical environment through a semi-transparent visor. Numerous research studies are still being conducted to improve pilot safety during challenging situations, especially during low visibility conditions and landing scenarios. Besides flight navigation, aerospace engineers are exploring many modern cloud-based AR systems to be used as remote and/or AI-powered assist tools for field operators, such as maintenance technicians, manufacturing operators, and Air Traffic Control Officers (ATCO). Thanks to the rapid advancement in computer vision and deep neural network architectures, modern AR technologies can also scan or reconstruct the 3D environment with high precision in real time. This feature typically utilizes the depth cameras onboard or independent from the AR devices, helping engineers rapidly identify problems during an inspection and implement the appropriate solutions. Some studies also suggest 3D printing of reconstructed models for additive manufacturing. This chapter covers several aspects and potentials of AR technology in the aerospace sector, including those already adopted by the companies and those currently under research.
Analysis of supersonic free jets and impinging supersonic jets on deflector
Authors: Mehta Rakhab
Published: August 2023

The computational fluid dynamics analysis is carried out to analyze the shock and flow characteristics of under- and over expanded supersonic free jets emanating from convergent-divergent nozzles. Influence of exit Mach number on shock cell lengths are analyzed with the help of density contours and schlieren images. A parameter based on an exit Mach number is obtained to characterize the pressure variation along the jet axis which shows them independent of the exit to ambient pressure ratio. Impingement flow fields over axisymmetric and wedge deflector are investigated employing numerically and compared with experimental results. Effects of jet expansion ratio and distance between the nozzle to deflector apex has been studied at various expansion ratios and distances. Impingement load is computed at various conditions. Pressure distributions over a surface of wedge and axisymmetric jet deflector are computed and compared between them. Pressure load on a diaphragm of a solid motor during lift-off of a satellite launch vehicle having four liquid engines is numerically simulated.
Management of Strangulated Inguinal Hernia
Authors: Arif Hameed Sultan Mohamed , Corieza Febriany Dayang
Published: August 2023

Strangulated inguinal hernia occurs when part of the hernia becomes irreducible and subsequently causes bowel ischemia secondary to a reduction in blood flow to the hernia. Therefore, management strategy differs and depends on the presentation of the hernia, duration, patient, and surgical factors. One thing is for sure: conservative management is not recommended for a strangulated inguinal hernia, as it always requires surgical intervention. Among others are diagnostic laparoscopy, open hernioplasty with the hybrid technique, and laparotomy followed by inguinal herniorrhaphy. Eventually, the outcome of the surgery has to be considered while managing strangulated inguinal hernia cases. Prompt diagnosis and management are required to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with strangulated inguinal hernias.
The Potentials and Challenges of Hydrogels for Ocular Therapy
Authors: Umeyor Chukwuebuka , Uronnachi Emmanuel , Nayak Abhit , Okeke Tochukwu , Shah Purav , Patravale Vandana
Published: August 2023

The major objective of any pharmacotherapeutic activity is to achieve an effective concentration of drug at a particular site of action for a sufficient period of time to produce a desired response or effect. The eye is a very important organ of the body because of its use in vision as well as its easy accessibility. Though solution-type drug delivery to the eye records high patient adherence but it is limited by poor ocular bioavailability due to certain pre-corneal physiological and anatomical obstacles. Hydrogels are important self-assembly nanoformulations that serve as alternatives to solution-type eye preparations with good potential to produce enhanced local absorption and bioavailability in the treatment of eye disorders that may be vision-threatening. This chapter will present an overview of the eye anatomy, ocular barriers, hydrogels and their classes, applications in ocular diseases, and future prospects of hydrogels in ophthalmic therapeutics.
Microalgae as a Promising Candidate for Mitigating Climate Change and Biodiversity Loss
Authors: Reisoglu Şuheda , Aydin Sevcan
Published: August 2023

The modern world is confronted with the pressing challenges of reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as the leading promoter of climate change while also addressing the energy and food crisis. Microalgae, being photosynthetic organisms, possess the unique ability to utilize solar energy for the conversion of CO2 into organic matter. Their ability to remove CO2 from the atmosphere proves advantageous in mitigating climate change. Algae have demonstrated effectiveness in wastewater treatment (WWT) by removing pollutants. In agriculture, microalgae offer a green alternative to chemical fertilizers, benefiting crop growth. The ease and cost-effectiveness of sampling and culturing microalgae contribute to their popularity. This chapter examines the sustainable applications of microalgae, including WWT, bioproduct recovery, bioremediation, energy production, agriculture, and biodiversity conservation. The examination of the growing global microalgae market, particularly in relation to biotechnological applications, was also reviewed as an indicator of the immense potential offered by microalgae.
Relationships of Academic Support and Attitude Towards Future Career with Academic Procrastination in Students: The Mediating Role of Academic Burnout
Authors: Mohammadi Omid Ali , Heidari Alireza , Eftekhar Saadi Zahra , Johari Fard Reza
Published: August 2023

Background: Given the negative effects of procrastination on various aspects of student’s academic and personal lives, as well as the role of psychological and environmental variables in various academic problems, this study investigated the mediating role of academic burnout in the relationship between academic support and attitude towards a future career with academic procrastination in high school students. Methods: The statistical population in this descriptive correlational study consisted of all male senior high school students in Gachsaran County, Iran, in the academic year 2021 - 2022, of whom 234 were selected as the study sample using cluster sampling. Data collection was done using the Attitude to Future Career Questionnaire, Academic Support Scale, Academic Procrastination Scale, and School Burnout Inventory. The data were analyzed statistically using the Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis in SPSS-22 and AMOS. Results: The results showed that the direct effect of academic support on academic procrastination was statistically significant (P < 0.001). In addition, the direct effect of attitude toward the future career on academic procrastination was not significant, but its indirect effect on academic procrastination was (P < 0.001). The results also indicated the significant direct effect of attitude toward the future career on academic burnout (P < 0.001), whereas there was no significant relationship between academic support and academic burnout. Conclusions: The study findings demonstrated that academic burnout could mediate the relationship between attitude toward a future career and academic procrastination. Moreover, the research model fitted the data well. Therefore, researchers, school counselors, and child and adolescent psychologists are recommended to pay special attention to the factors affecting academic burnout when developing educational and therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing academic procrastination among students.
Changing the Meaning of "Parent"
Authors: Krason Stephen M. ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: August 2023

This article was one of SCSS President Stephen M. Krason’s “Neither Left nor Right, but Catholic” columns that appeared in The Wanderer in 2022. It concerns the changing meaning of “parent” in American law, driven in part by the Uniform Parentage Act (which is a model law promoted by leading lawyers and legal scholars in the family law field). The law is moving in the direction of extending parental rights over children to others besides their natural or adoptive parents, allowing homosexual couples to adopt (irrespective of the adverse effects this has on children), and to increasingly see “multiparent families” as the norm. This article is reprinted with permission.
Dobbs and Civilization
Authors: Foss Jerome C. ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: August 2023

While the Dobbs decision was a welcome one for many, it was not so for others, dealing as it does with abortion, one of the most contentious issues of an increasingly-divided America. This article considers the Dobbs decision in the light of other divisive legal decisions in this nation’s history. From a legal perspective, the Dobbs decision has some great benefits: it now forces those who wish to defend or expand abortion in this country to have to do so via the legal process (which will be harder for them to do), and should also strengthen respect for the rule of law and the Constitution in our country overall. All of this is contingent on people choosing to maintain civility while moving forward in a post-Dobbs America, of course, which is by no means guaranteed.
LAJU PERTUMBUHAN SPESIFIK DAN TOTAL LIPID CHAETOCEROS CALCITRANS YANG DI INJEKSI DENGAN KONSENTRASI CO2 YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Turnip Gilbert , Nomleni Aryok , Adin Lutfi
Published: August 2023

The microalgae Chaetoceros calcitrans can photosynthesize and grow rapidly. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is very important role in the process of photosynthesis. CO2 injection is required for use in photosynthesis, so it is expected to increase the specific growth rate and reduce greenhouse gases. This research was conducted using experimental laboratory methods, using 4 treatments, namely CO2 injection with concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and without CO2 injection (control) with 4 times variations. The highest specific growth rate occurred on the second day, namely the 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and control treatments, respectively 0.90, 0.81, 0.78, 0.86 and 0.81 with a doubling time of 0, 77, 0.86, 0.89, 0.81 and 0.85. The highest total lipid obtained with the addition of 10% CO2 was 52.69 (dry weight) while the lowest was the control treatment (ambient air) which was 23.37 ( % dry weight), although the lipid results obtained were not directly proportional to the CO2 concentration and based on the ANOVA test followed by the 5% BNT test did not show a significant difference (p<0.05).
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI BIAYA MODAL PADA BPR
Authors: Indah Estiani Tri
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi biaya modal dan pengaruh masing-masing faktor terhadap biaya modal. Hipotesis yang diuji dalam penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa: 1.Penjualan, struktur aktiva, tingkat pertumbuhan, dan profitabilitas secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap biaya modal bank. 2. Penjualan, struktur aset, dan tingkat pertumbuhan berpengaruh positif terhadap biaya modal bank. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa secara bersama-sama penjualan, struktur aktiva, pertumbuhan aktiva, dan profitabilitas mempengaruhi biaya modal bank, sedangkan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi biaya modal adalah penjualan dan outstanding kredit kepada nasabah. Hal ini tersirat bahwa tanpa penambahan ekuitas pemilik, peningkatan kredit yang beredar akan dibiayai dengan dana pinjaman, semakin besar kewajiban dan biaya modal.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ READING SKILL USING COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING (A case study at tenth grade of SMAN 10 Depok)
Authors: Faisal Faisal
Published: August 2023

The aims of this study are to analyze the materials and activities used in teaching reading and the result is to describe the process of improving students’ reading skill using communicative language teaching (CLT) used by the teacher at tenth grade of SMAN 10 Depok. The approach used in this study is qualitative, that is by doing observation, interviewing, and giving questionnaire. Through descriptive qualitative approach, the data of observation, interview and questionnaire are analyzed in description. Based on finding of the study,the reading material in class X MIA 1 at SMAN 10 Depok using English book 2013 curriculum. The activities in the class the teacher divided the students into groups to discussing the reading material and give conclusion or suggestion for students, it can be concluded that teaching reading using communicative language teaching can improve the student English reading skill in an English class, because the class activities were communicative. As show by the score the highest score is 95 and the lowest score 65, the average of students score in class X MIA 1  at SMAN 10 Depok is 82,2. The result from questionnaire, most students enjoy in reading class using CLT because, the teacher clearly and always gives opportunity to the students to ask the question it make students easier for understanding the text reading.
POLA KOMUNIKASI KELOMPOK FATAYAT NU TANGERANG DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER HIDUP SEHAT PADA KEGIATAN “SHARING SEHAT BERSAMA FATAYAT”
Authors: Amalliah Amalliah , Siahaan Flora Meliana , Yunita Ria
Published: August 2023

The family is the foundation of the formation of a healthy living character, because it is from the family that the formation of a healthy living character actually begins. Good or bad a person's healthy way of life is clearly determined by the parenting pattern developed in the family. A mother becomes a good uswatun hasanah for her children, in realizing the child into a whole person who brings goodness to himself, his family, society, country, and the universe (maslahah). Approach The group communication pattern applied is an approach that can be better understood as a pattern of interaction than as a set of specific skills. This study aims to determine the pattern of communication in Healthy Sharing activities with Fatayat. This study was dissected based on the concept of group communication patterns, using a qualitative approach research method with a descriptive method. The results of the research are communication patterns, communication patterns, network communication schemes, all channels or star patterns and communication patterns, group interaction analysis, and character education by interacting and sharing education.