bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatic parenchymal hypoattenuation in dogs with diabetes mellitus on computed tomography consistent with hepatic steatosis
Authors: Buckley Christy , Fulkerson Caroline. V. , Derre Maxime , Woolcock Andrew , Murakami Masahiro
Published: December 2024

Hypoattenuation of the liver, consistent with hepatic steatosis or lipidosis, has been reported in veterinary patients. In people, measuring CT hepatic attenuation is diagnostic for hepatic steatosis, and hypoattenuation of the liver is defined as absolute if less than 40 HU or relative if the liver is 10 HU less than the spleen. The purpose of this study is to describe hepatic parenchymal attenuation in dogs with diabetes mellitus with or without diabetic ketosis (DK) or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), using the above categorization for absolute and relative hypoattenuation, as with humans. We hypothesized dogs with DK or DKA were more likely to have hypoattenuating livers. Twenty‐seven diabetic dogs were included; fifteen were categorized in Group 1 as without DK or DKA, six in Group 2 as DK, and six in Group 3 as DKA. In Group 3, four of six dogs had absolute and relative hypoattenuating livers. Three of these were visually hypoattenuating to the vasculature, with one having negative attenuation and a histopathologic diagnosis of severe hepatic lipidosis. In Group 2, four of six dogs had relative hypoattenuating livers. In Group 1, only one of 15 dogs had a relatively hypoattenuating liver. Groups 2 and 3 had significantly lower absolute liver attenuation than Group 1. Presumed hepatic steatosis was present on CT and was more common with DK or DKA. These findings may help provide hepatic sampling recommendations and alter patient prognosis. Further research is needed to establish absolute and relative liver attenuation in dogs with correlation to histopathology and patient outcome.
Ultrasonographic features of feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia on initial presentation and during follow‐up
Authors: Lopez‐Jimenez Cristobal , Černá Petra , Fukushima Kenjiro , Nakashima Ko , Nakagawa Taisuke , Adam Fiona , Israeliantz Nicolas , Denning Andrew , de la Puerta Anna
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to describe the ultrasonographic features of feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia (FGESF) before histological diagnosis and during follow‐up after surgical excision and/or medical treatment. This multicentric retrospective case series study includes medical records of cats diagnosed histologically, which had an ultrasound before diagnosis and a minimum of one follow‐up ultrasound at least 4 weeks after treatment. Thirty cats were included in the study. The average age was 4.9 years (IQR 3.3–9.3 years). In 25 cases, the mass affected the gastrointestinal system, most commonly the proximal duodenum (36%: 9/25). Three masses originated from the lymph nodes, and two were mesenteric. The most common clinical signs were chronic vomiting, weight loss, and anorexia/reduced appetite. In 25 of 30 (83%) FGESF gastrointestinal cases, ultrasonographically, the lesions generally presented as focal, circumferential, eccentric masses with loss of layering, heterogeneous echogenicity, and hyperechoic areas. Hyperechogenicities in the peritoneum were observed in 63% of the cases, and enlarged lymph nodes (88%) were common. On final follow‐up, 55% of the patients had complete resolution of the main lesion, peritoneal changes, and lymphadenopathies ultrasonographically. The disease recurred in 11 of 30 (37%), and progression was reported in 10 of 30 (33%) cases during the follow‐up. Initially, 9 of these 10 were diagnosed via nonexcisional biopsy (endoscopic biopsy, Trucut biopsy, surgical incisional biopsy) and treated medically; only one patient had had surgical resection of the mass. Clinical signs at the time of recurrence or progression were inconsistent. Feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia shows ultrasonographic features similar to neoplasia but commonly demonstrates hyperechoic areas. Data were assessed for normality and then assessed with appropriate parametric or nonparametric tests accordingly. Progression of the disease at any time during the follow‐up was more common in cats treated medically than those treated surgically (P = .02). Clinical signs may or may not be present at the time of ultrasonographic recurrence or progression.
Algebraically overtwisted tight 3‐manifolds from +1$+1$ surgeries
Authors: Li Youlin , Zhou Zhengyi
Published: December 2024

We execute Avdek's algorithm to find many algebraically overtwisted and tight 3‐manifolds by contact surgeries. In particular, we show that a contact surgery on the standard contact 3‐sphere along any Legendrian positive torus knot with the maximal Thurston–Bennequin invariant yields an algebraically overtwisted and tight 3‐manifold, where is a positive integer.
Asymptotic dimension for covers with controlled growth
Authors: Hume David , Mackay John M. , Tessera Romain
Published: December 2024

We prove various obstructions to the existence of regular maps (or coarse embeddings) between commonly studied spaces. For instance, there is no regular map (or coarse embedding) for , or whenever is a bounded degree graph with subexponential growth, where is the 3‐regular tree. We also resolve Question 5.2 (Groups Geom. Dyn. 6 (2012), no. 4, 639–658), proving that there is no regular map whenever is a bounded degree graph with at most polynomial growth, and no quasi‐isometric embedding whenever has subexponential growth. Finally, we show that there is no regular map where is the free group on two generators. To prove these results, we introduce and study generalisations of asymptotic dimension that allow unbounded covers with controlled growth.
Multi‐indice B$B$‐series
Authors: Bruned Yvain , Ebrahimi‐Fard Kurusch , Hou Yingtong
Published: December 2024

We propose a novel way to study numerical methods for ordinary differential equations in one dimension via the notion of multi‐indice. The main idea is to replace rooted trees in Butcher's ‐series by multi‐indices. The latter were introduced recently in the context of describing solutions of singular stochastic partial differential equations. The combinatorial shift away from rooted trees allows for a compressed description of numerical schemes. Furthermore, such multi‐indices ‐series uniquely characterize the Taylor expansion of 1‐dimensional local and affine equivariant maps.
Sharp bounds for the number of rational points on algebraic curves and dimension growth, over all global fields
Authors: Binyamini Gal , Cluckers Raf , Kato Fumiharu
Published: December 2024

Let be an algebraic curve over a number field , and denote by the degree of over . We prove that the number of ‐rational points of height at most in is bounded by where are absolute constants. We also prove analogous results for global fields in positive characteristic, and, for higher dimensional varieties. The quadratic dependence on in the bound as well as the exponent of are optimal; the novel aspect is the quadratic dependence on which answers a question raised by Salberger. We derive new results on Heath‐Brown and Serre's dimension growth conjecture for global fields, which generalize in particular the results by the first two authors and Novikov from the case . The proofs however are of a completely different nature, replacing the real analytic approach previously used by the ‐adic determinant method. The optimal dependence on is achieved by a key improvement in the treatment of high multiplicity points on mod reductions of algebraic curves.
El juez constitucional y la libertad como reconocimiento : La neutralidad liberal en el matrimonio de parejas del mismo sexo en EE. UU., México, Colombia y Argentina
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, González Escallón Julián Daniel
Published: December 2024

Este libro aborda las tensiones del derecho a la autodeterminación individual en la justicia constitucional, en el debate entre liberales y comunitaristas sobre quién está llamado a construir la idea de virtud. Con el principio de la libertad como reconocimiento, es decir, la posibilidad de expresar un proyecto de vida en comunidad —incluso cuando la colectividad pudiera desaprobarlo moralmente—, se muestra que un Estado que incorpora principios políticos liberales está obligado a mantenerse neutral frente a las formas de buena vida comprensiva de sus ciudadanos. Así, en fallos sobre matrimonios entre parejas del mismo sexo en las Américas, se examina la argumentación usada en cada caso con los supuestos mencionados. El libro sostiene que tradiciones de pensamiento filosófico-moral y político tienen líneas de relación teórica con la filosofía jurídica y el mismo positivismo jurídico, que podría caracterizarse como una manifestación del pensamiento moral moderno. En este sentido, devela cómo los debates teóricos de finales del siglo xx sobre la creación de la idea de virtud de una sociedad empiezan a alcanzar forma jurídica y consecuencias materiales en las primeras décadas del siglo xxi.
A Multi-Layer Parallelogram Flexure Architecture for Higher Out-of-Plane Load Bearing Stiffness
Authors: Radgolchin Moeen , Rath Siddharth , Awtar Shorya
Published: December 2024

Parallelogram flexure mechanism (PFM) is a common flexure module that is widely used as a building block in the design and manufacturing of flexure-based XY motion stages that provide in-plane degrees-of-freedom (DoFs). In such motion stages, low in-plane stiffness along the DoF helps increase the DoF range of motion and reduce the actuation effort. At the same time, high out-of-plane stiffness is paramount to suppress out-of-plane parasitic motions, support heavy payloads, and mitigate the negative impacts of out-of-plane resonant modes. Achieving both of these design objectives simultaneously is extremely challenging in PFMs and flexure mechanisms comprising PFMs due to the inherent tradeoff between the in-plane and out-of-plane stiffnesses. This paper resolves this tradeoff by proposing a novel multi-layer PFM architecture, referred to as the sandwich PFM, that achieves significant improvements in the out-of-plane translational and rotational stiffnesses compared to conventional single-layer PFMs without impacting the in-plane DoF stiffness. Analytical models will be derived for the in-plane and out-of-plane stiffnesses of the sandwich PFM, which closely match the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results. Several design insights into the performance of the sandwich PFM are discussed using the analytical stiffness models, and a general procedure is proposed to design a sandwich PFM.
Design and Evaluation of Three-Phalange Underactuated Adaptive LSDH Finger
Authors: Ren Mengfei , Chen Jinbao , Wang Chen
Published: December 2024

The design of the terminal operation tool of the in-orbit service of the space station faces the difficult problem of complicated operation in a small space. Anthropomorphic hand tools operation has long been a controversial topic, partly because of dexterity and adaptive capabilities. Here, we propose a novel underactuated hand named linkage spline dexterous hand (LSDH). The underactuated LSDH finger can adapt to irregular objects without requiring complicated parallel linkages. Furthermore, the grasping process of the finger is composed of two sequential steps: initial parallel pinching and indirect adaptive grasping. To delve into the intricacies of the grasping mechanism exhibited by the finger, kinematics, force analysis, and performance evaluation are performed. The contact force between the object and the middle phalange can reach 20 N, marking an advancement compared to the recent literature. To evaluate the performance of the LSDH finger, the dexterity and the workspace of the LSDH finger are analyzed. It only requires one motor to drive the movement of three phalanges to adapt to different shapes and different sizes (diameter 30 mm–60 mm). When the length of the proximal phalange and the proximal shaft rotation angle get the max value, the dexterity can reach the best effect. The dexterity of the finger is up to 0.9 after various size optimizations under the size limitation.
Studies on Thermal Separation and the Effects of Geometrical and Operating Parameters on the Performance of Pressure Wave Refrigerators
Authors: Zafar S. , Nandi T. K.
Published: December 2024

Thermal separation in a pressure wave refrigerator (PWR) occurs primarily through the propagation of shock waves and reverse-moving rarefied waves produced by injecting a high-pressure gas into a low-pressure residual gas in a receiving tube or channel. The major advantages of PWRs are simple design, low cost, high reliability, low rotational speed, and efficiency comparable to the conventional turbo-expanders. The objectives of this work are to understand the thermal separation in PWRs and to study the effects of various geometrical and operating parameters on the performance of PWRs. Two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation using a finite volume method is adopted for this study. The results indicate that the temperature and pressure profiles of the fluid inside the receiving tube just before the discharge, in the region about half the tube length from the inlet nozzle, strongly govern the performance of a PWR. The operating frequency at which the isentropic efficiency attains the first peak value is determined in a generalized way. Within the chosen geometrical and operating parameters, the optimized tube length, operating frequency, and pressure ratio are 2 m, 50 Hz, and 2.5, respectively. The findings in this article will be useful in designing and operating PWRs optimally.
Dirt Ingestion Impacts on Cooling Within a Double-Walled Combustor Liner
Authors: McFerran Kyle C. , Thole Karen A. , Lynch Stephen P.
Published: December 2024

Double-walled liners consisting of impingement and effusion cooling are commonly used to cool gas turbine combustor chambers. Engine ingestion of particulates such as dirt, sand, or ash leads to particulate deposition and blockage of cooling holes in these liners. Prior work on double-walled liners has shown that deposition leads to flow blockage; however, no experimental work has studied the reductions in cooling that result from the deposition. The goal of the present work was to quantify this reduction in cooling by evaluating the heat transfer coefficient on the cold side of an effusion plate with and without dirt buildup. Heat transfer coefficients were quantified over a range of Reynolds numbers, pressure ratios, plate-to-plate spacings, and dirt injection amounts. The injection of dirt onto the cold-side effusion plate surface resulted in flow blockages and cooling reductions as high as 55%, with these effects differing for pressure ratio and plate-to-plate spacing. Scan data of the dirty effusion plate were used to characterize the deposition thicknesses for the different parameters tested. Overall, the heat transfer when having deposition on the effusion plate affected the cooling much beyond the insulation effect of the dirt layer. These results suggest that the effects of particulate buildup on the cooling flow field are an important driver in double-wall combustor liners.
An easy to implement empirical approach for estimating underwater sound transmission loss during pile driving in Florida
Authors: Crowley Raphael , Bosco Moses , Schaaf Amanda , Makoleo Mariam , Mushi Consolatha , Rivera Brandon , Berube Jonathan , Morgan Clark , Sapp Emily , Matemu Christian H. , Sypula Dillon , Gelsleichter James J. , Kopp Brian T.
Published: December 2024

Underwater noise data were collected from 84 pile drives during bridge construction at various sites in Florida. These data were used to develop an empirically based model for underwater transmission loss associated with root mean squared, peak, and sound exposure level values. The model was verified using readings from other datasets as well as data from this study, and it appeared to reproduce reported transmission loss coefficient values well when data were curated to match data used in the empirical model's development and limited to situations where robust data were used in model development. As such, the model described here has some limitations, but in the context of pile driving in Florida where most piles are of similar dimensions and driven in similar water depths, especially during impact pile driving concrete piles, it may represent a useful design tool that engineers can use to predict underwater noise due to pile driving without the need to sample sound at multiple locations during driving.
From structure prediction to function: defining the domain on the African swine fever virus CD2v protein required for binding to erythrocytes
Authors: Reis Ana Luisa , Rathakrishnan Anusyah , Petrovan Vlad , Islam Muneeb , Goatley Lynnette , Moffat Katy , Vuong Mai Tuyet , Lui Yuan , Davis Simon J. , Ikemizu Shinji , Dixon Linda K.
Published: December 2024

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a high-consequence pathogen posing a substantial threat to global food security. This large DNA virus encodes more than 150 open reading frames, many of which are uncharacterized. The
EP402R
gene encodes CD2v, a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of infected cells and the only viral protein known to be present in the virus external envelope. This protein mediates binding of erythrocytes to both cells and virions. This interaction is known to prolong virus persistence in blood thus facilitating viral transmission. The sequence of the extracellular domain of CD2v shows similarity with that of mammalian CD2 proteins and is therefore likely to feature two immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains. A combination of protein structure modeling and extensive mutagenesis was used to identify residues mediating binding of transiently expressed CD2v to erythrocytes. The N-terminal Ig-like domain AGFCC′C″ β sheet was identified as the putative CD2v erythrocyte-binding area. This region differed from the putative CD58 ligand binding site of host CD2, suggesting that CD2v may bind to a ligand(s) other than CD58. An attenuated genotype I ASFV was constructed by replacing the wild-type
EP402R
gene for a mutant form expressing CD2v bearing a single amino acid substitution, which abrogated the binding to erythrocytes. Pigs immunized with the recombinant virus developed early antibody and cellular responses, low levels of viremia, mild clinical signs post-immunization, and high levels of protection against challenge. These findings improve our understanding of virus–host interactions and provide a promising approach to modified live vaccine development.

IMPORTANCE

A better understanding of the interactions between viruses and their hosts is a crucial step in the development of strategies for controlling viral diseases, such as vaccines and antivirals. African swine fever, a pig disease with fatality rates approaching 100%, causes very substantial economic losses in affected countries, and new control measures are clearly needed. In this study, we characterized the interaction between the ASFV CD2v protein and host erythrocytes. The interaction plays a key role in viral persistence in blood since it can allow the virus to “hide” from the host immune system. We identified the amino acids in the viral protein that mediate the interaction with erythrocytes and used this information to construct a mutant virus that is no longer able to bind these cells. This virus induces strong immune responses that provide high levels of protection against infection with the deadly parental virus.
Protein
S
-palmitoylation regulates the virulence of plant pathogenic fungi
Authors: Guo Mengmeng , Tariq Leeza , Song Fengming
Published: December 2024

Protein
S
-palmitoylation, a universal posttranslational modification catalyzed by a specific group of palmitoyltransferases, plays crucial roles in diverse biological processes across organisms by modulating protein functions. However, its roles in the virulence of plant pathogenic fungi remain underexplored. In a recent study, Y. Duan, P. Li, D. Zhang, L. Wang, et al. (mBio 15:e02704-24, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02704-24
) reported that the palmitoyltransferases UvPfa3 and UvPfa4 regulate the virulence of the rice false smut pathogen
Ustilaginoidea virens
. Through comprehensive characterization of
S
-palmitoylation sites, they revealed that
S
-palmitoylated proteins in
U. virens
are enriched in mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and autophagy pathways, with MAP kinase UvSlt2 being a key target of UvPfa4-mediated
S
-palmitoylation. Further investigation demonstrated that
S
-palmitoylation of UvSlt2 is critical for its kinase activity, substrate interaction ability, and virulence function in
U. virens
. These findings reveal UvPfa4-mediated
S
-palmitoylation as a vital regulatory mechanism in
U. virens
virulence, highlighting the importance of protein
S
-palmitoylation in the pathogenicity of plant pathogenic fungi.
Coinfection of avian hepatitis E virus and different serotypes of fowl adenovirus in chicken flocks in Shaanxi, China
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Xu Huanyu , Tian Yinuo , Tang Jirong , Lin Huanqing , Sun Yani , Zhao Qin , Zhou En-Min , Chen Yiyang , Liu Baoyuan
Published: December 2024

In poultry, fowl adenovirus (FAdV) and co-infected viruses (such as avian hepatitis E virus, aHEV) are likely to cause decreased egg production, inclusion body hepatitis, and pericardial effusion syndrome. From July to September 2023, eight poultry farms of commercial broilers and commercial layers suffered from increased mortality, decreased egg production, and the presence of hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome-like gross lesions in Shaanxi province, China. To determine the source of the infection, the viruses of aHEV, FAdV, avian leukosis virus (ALV), Marek’s disease virus (MDV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) were detected. A total of 240 liver samples were collected from eight farms and detected by molecular etiology methods. The samples were tested positive for FAdV and aHEV and negative for NDV, MDV, ALV, and H9N2 AIV. Phylogenetic analysis based on the hexon loop-1 gene showed that these isolates were clustered into three distinct serotypes: FAdV serotype 4 (FAdV-4), FAdV-8a, and FAdV-8b. The partial ORF2 gene sequences obtained in this study shared the highest identity (76%–97%) with corresponding sequences of other known avian HEV isolates and belonged to gene type 3 avian HEV. Meanwhile, the isolated FAdV in this study could multiply in leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells. Overall, the disease may be mainly caused by FAdV and aHEV coinfection on these farms, and this is the first study to discover FAdV-4/8a/8b and avian HEV coinfection in a farm in China.

IMPORTANCE

Last year, eight poultry farms of commercial broilers and commercial layers suffered a serious disease in Shaanxi province, China. After molecular etiological investigation, the disease may be mainly caused by fowl adenovirus (FAdV) (FAdV-4, FAdV-8a, and FAdV-8b) and avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV) (genotype 3 avian HEV) coinfection on these flocks, and this is the first study to find FAdV-4/8a/8b and avian HEV coinfection in a farm. It provides a valuable foundation for the prevention and control of FAdV and avian HEV coinfection in chicken farms.
Effects of a paternal diet high in animal protein (casein) versus plant protein (pea protein with added methionine) on offspring metabolic and gut microbiota outcomes in rats
Authors: Patterson Riley A. , Cho Nicole A. , Fernandes Tyra S. , Tuplin Erin W. Noye , Lowry Dana E. , Silva Gabriel A. Venegas , Reimer Raylene A.
Published: December 2024

Evidence suggests that paternal diet can influence offspring metabolic health intergenerationally but whether dietary animal and plant proteins differ in their impact on fathers and their offspring is not known. Our objective was to examine the effects of a paternal diet high in casein versus pea protein on fathers and their offspring. Five-week-old male rats were fed: (1) control, (2) high animal protein (AP, 36.1% of energy as casein), or (3) high plant protein (PP, 36.1% of energy as pea protein with added methionine) diets for 8–11 weeks before being mated. Offspring were challenged with a high fat/sucrose diet (HFD) from 10 to 16 weeks of age. Metabolic and microbial outcomes were assessed in both generations. In fathers fed PP diet, enhanced insulin sensitivity and lower liver triglycerides were seen alongside altered hepatic microRNA expression and gut microbial profiles. Few changes were seen in their offspring. In contrast, the paternal AP diet influenced adult offspring hepatic microRNA expression and programmed a latent increase in adiposity, dysregulated satiety hormones, and modified gut microbial composition in their adult offspring that occurred following the HFD. Overall, a diet high in pea protein with added methionine demonstrated protective effects on biomarkers of metabolic health in the fathers but led to minimal effects on the offspring while a paternal diet high in casein led to evidence of an increase in characteristics of metabolic dysfunction in their adult offspring when unmasked by exposure to a HFD for 6 weeks.
Impact of supplemental exogenous phytase and total calcium-to-total phosphorus ratios on growth performance, mineral utilization, and bone characteristics in broiler chickens fed soybean meal as the sole source of dietary phosphorus
Authors: Osunbami Opeadura Timileyin , Adeola O.
Published: December 2024

Calcium (Ca) most significantly influences the bioavailability of plant-derived phosphorus due to its formation of phytate-Ca chelates. A study was designed to examine the interactive effects of graded total Ca-to-total P ratios (Ca:P) and phytase on the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of P and bone characteristics in diets formulated with soybean meal as the sole source of P. Male broiler chickens were fed 6 semi-purified diets prepared in a 2 × 3 factorial treatment arrangement with 2 levels of phytase (0 or 1,000 FYT/kg of diet) and 3 levels of Ca:P (1.1, 2.0, or 2.8) for 72 hours from d 18 to 21 post hatching. Birds were assigned to the experimental diets in a randomized complete block design with 8 replicate cages per treatment. Increasing the Ca:P linearly decreased (P < 0.05) the SID of P from 54 to 40%, whereas the supplementation of phytase improved the SID of P from 26 to 67%. The supplementation of phytase increased (P < 0.05) the bone-breaking strength, whereas tibia ash was decreased (P < 0.05). The results demonstrate that the adverse effect of increasing Ca:P on P utilization in a soybean meal-based diet is consistent with or without phytase supplementation.
Using a piecewise linear spring to approximate an essentially nonlinear spring: design and validation
Authors: Li Haining , Liu Kefu , Deng Jian
Published: December 2024

This study develops a procedure for designing a piecewise linear spring (PLS) to approximate an essentially nonlinear spring (ENS). The PLS is constructed with a cantilever beam constrained by a pair of single- or double-stop blocks. The design begins by determining the restoring force of the desired ENS using the equivalent stiffness which quantifies the characteristics of a cubic polynomial. Then, based on the force-deflection model of a cantilever beam with an overhang, the configuration parameters for single- and double-stop blocks are determined through a least squares optimization. The numerical simulation demonstrates that the PLS with double-stop blocks approximates the desired ENS behaviors better in terms of the restoring force, potential energy, and instantaneous frequency transition. An experiment apparatus with four tunable stop blocks is developed to validate the numerical simulation results. The static experimental tests verify the accuracy of the analytical model. The dynamic experimental tests show that within the achievable range of displacement, the PLSs behave similarly to the ENS. However, the maximum displacement is smaller than the designed one due to an insufficient exciting force. To address this issue, the desired displacement range is reduced by half. With the redesigned PLSs, the improved experimental results are obtained.
Complex network analysis of transmission networks preparing for the energy transition: application to the current French power grid
Authors: Emery Emile , Bercegol Hervé , Jonqueres Nicolas , Aumaître Sébastien
Published: December 2024

The worldwide process of replacing fossil fuels with low-carbon energy sources is underway. Existing energy networks are expected to be deeply modified in nature and structure during this transition. This work uses graph-theoretical statistical physics tools to analyze topology and structural changes of power grids, with the French grid as a case study. We discuss the small-world model to define an optimality criterion, the construction of a graph model for the French high-voltage transmission grid, and the development of a growth model to study the dynamics of such networks. The main result of our project suggests that the high efficiency level in the current French network is due to a high-voltage mesh interconnecting thermal power plants. Since implementing low-power-density renewable energy sources would imply non-trivial adjustments to maintain features, such as efficiency and robustness, these considerations must be added to economic and energetic assessments of transition scenarios.

Graphic Abstract
Dynamical phases and phase transition in simplicially coupled logistic maps
Authors: Bhoyar Priyanka D. , Sabe Naval R. , Gade Prashant M.
Published: December 2024

Coupled map lattices are a popular and computationally simpler model of pattern formation in nonlinear systems. In this work, we investigate three-site interactions with linear multiplicative coupling in one-dimensional coupled logistic maps that cannot be decomposed into pairwise interactions. We observe the transition to synchronization and the transition to long-range order in space. We coarse-grain the phase space in regions and denote them by spin values. We use two quantifiers the flip rate [Formula: see text] that quantify departure from expected band-periodicity as an order parameter. We also study a non-Markovian quantity, known as persistence [Formula: see text] to study dynamic phase transitions. Following transitions are observed. (a) Transition to two band attractor state: At this transition [Formula: see text] as well as [Formula: see text] shows a power-law decay in the range of coupling parameters. Here all sites reach one of the bands. The [Formula: see text] as well as [Formula: see text] decays as power-law with the decay exponent [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. (b) The transition from a fluctuating chaotic state to a homogeneous synchronized fixed point: Here both the quantifiers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] show power-law decay with decay exponent [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. We compare the transitions with the case, where pairwise interactions are also present. The spatiotemporal evolution is analyzed as the coupling parameter is varied.
Weighing the vacuum with the Archimedes experiment
Authors: Allocca A. , Avino S. , Cabras A. , Calloni E. , Caprara S. , Cardoso A. F. S. , Carpinelli M. , Contu A. , D’Onofrio L. , D’Urso D. , Davari N. , De Rosa R. , Errico L. , Esposito M. , Gagliardi G. , Grilli M. , Mangano V. , Marsella M. , Naticchioni L. , Pasqualetti A. , Pepe G. P. , Perciballi M. , Puppo P. , Rapagnani P. , Ricci F. , Rosa L. , Rovelli C. , Rozza D. , Ruggi P. , Saini N. , Sequino V. , Sipala V. , Stornaiuolo D. , Tafuri F. , Trozzo L. , Tuveri M.
Published: December 2024

Exploring the complex connection between vacuum fluctuations and gravitational field is the goal of Archimedes experiment. Tiny changes in the weight of the vacuum contained in high-temperature superconductors can be measured using a high-precision balance. These structures can absorb or expel vacuum energy depending on their normal or superconductive status. In the measurement, the state of the sample is modulated into two states, normal and superconducting, with a reversible transition achieved by periodically varying the temperature of the thermal bath. The paper provides the current status of the experiment, highlighting the study and construction of the balance with its thermal modulation and cryogenic systems, and the investigation of high-temperature superconductor candidates.
Effective potential in leading logarithmic approximation in nonrenormalizable SO(N) scalar field theories
Authors: Iakhibbaev R. M. , Tolkachev D. M.
Published: December 2024

The study of the effective potential for nonrenormalizable scalar [Formula: see text] symmetric theories leads to recurrence relations for the coefficients of the leading logarithms due to the Bogoliubov–Parasiuk theorem. These relations can be transformed into generalized renormalization-group (RG) equation which can be solved exactly in the large-N limit.
Updates on pulsar discoveries and timing with MeerKAT
Authors: Abbate Federico
Published: December 2024

After more than 5 years of operations at the MeerKAT radio telescope, the Large Survey Projects (LSPs) devoted to pulsar observations, MeerTIME and TRAPUM, are coming to a close. In this paper, I will report on some of the important results that came out of these projects as a result of both timing and new discoveries. These results include updates mass measurements of neutron stars, additional tests of General Relativity, the discovery of the first candidate pulsar–stellar mass black hole system, contributions to searches for a continuous gravitational wave background and more. Additional breakthroughs are expected to come in the next few years as MeerKAT is upgraded increasing the sensitivity and expanding the frequency coverage.
Style-Induced Return Comovement and Risk Premia
Authors: Lei Qiongwen , Peng Zhenfeng , Wu Chunchi , Zhang Runze
Published: December 2024

Investors and professional money managers typically categorize assets into different styles to facilitate portfolio management and capital allocations. As market participants move funds among assets of different styles based on their relative performance, correlated trading generates return comovement and style momentum, and affects risk premia. This paper reviews existing literature on style investing, and presents new evidence in a large bond market. The paper shows that style is an important factor that helps explain return comovement, momentum and risk premia in a bond market traditionally dominated by institutional and long-term investors thought to be less behaviorally biased.
NUMERICAL MODEL OF A TIBIA WITH EXPOSED FRACTURE AND STABILIZATION SYSTEMS
Authors: ABUD JUAN PABLO , FIDELEFF HORACIO N. , MÖLLER OSCAR , ASCHERI JUAN PABLO , LOMBARDO ERNESTO , BARBERO AGUSTÍN
Published: December 2024

Currently, the procedure for treating exposed comminuted mid-diaphyseal fractures in tibias consists of the use of an External Fixator (EF) linked by surgically placed screws, with the aim of repositioning and immobilizing the separate or quasi-separate parts of the bone and achieving the formation of the bony callus necessary for the regeneration of the tibia. Recent medical experiences show that the additional placement of an intramedullary rod improves the efficiency of the treatment, thus reducing the time of generation of the callus and the removal of the EF, minimizing the discomfort of the patient. In this work, the increase in stiffness provided by the intramedullary rod is quantified numerically to decrease the relative displacements between the two parts of the fractured bone. The three-dimensional modeling of an irregular body (bone) was analyzed in detail. The relative displacements between the bone and the rod, the proportions of stresses transmitted by the rod and the EF, and the connections between the bar elements and the solid elements were also investigated. A principal conclusion was an increase in the stiffness of the system by 90% on average and a reduction of relative displacements up to 20% of transverse, up to 45% longitudinal, and up to 75% torsional, for different variants of the position of the fixations, straight, and oblique fracture, and for various densities of bone, which allow validating the practical applications.
ANALYSIS OF LINEAR AND NONLINEAR RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SURFACE-ELECTROMYOGRAM SIGNAL AND FINGER KINEMATICS
Authors: KATARIYA RASHMI MANOJ , SHARMA RISHI RAJ , KUMAR MOHIT
Published: December 2024

Muscle activation analysis is prominent for finger kinematics analysis which opens the scope in various domains including prosthetic palm. In this paper, a synergetic analysis of muscle activation is done with finger kinematics. The surface electromyogram signals are recorded from extrinsic muscles of the hand with various types of finger flexion–extension. The linear regression (LR) and random forest-based nonlinear regression analysis are performed for model development and comparative evaluation. The LR model is used to capture the linear relationship between surfaces electromyography (sEMG) signals and finger kinematics. However, random forest regressor (RFR) is employed to model the nonlinear relationship between sEMG signals and finger kinematics. Subject-specific and type-of-finger flexion action-specific analysis claimed that the RFR model achieved root mean square error of 0.487 which shows that the average deviation between predicted and actual values is very less. The [Formula: see text] score 0.99 is observed using RFR indicating that the model can successfully explain 99% of the variance of the data. Finally, the average testing time of 0.0274 ms is observed for the RFR model. The superiority of the developed model is justified in comparison with the other developed models. The findings of this study not only present a viable approach for accurate and intuitive myoelectric control, which uses muscle-generated electrical signals for prosthetic device operation but also provides a new perspective on muscle synergies.
LUNG LOBE SEGMENTATION AND LUNG CANCER DETECTION WITH HYBRID OPTIMIZATION-ENABLED DEEP LEARNING USING CT IMAGES
Authors: ARUMUGAM SAJEEV RAM , RAVICHANDRAN BALAKRISHNA , BASKARAN DIWAN , ANNAMALAI RAJESH
Published: December 2024

One of the deadly diseases and a leading cause of death worldwide is lung cancer. Compound tomography (CT) is commonly used to identify tumors and it classifies the phase of cancer in the human body. Detection of cancer disease in the lung at an early stage is quite difficult and is essential to increase the survival patient’s rate. In this research paper, a deep learning (DL)-based optimization approach is developed for the detection of lung cancer and lung lobe segmentation using CT scan images. Initially, an adaptive wiener filter is used to pre-process the input images and the segmentation process is done by the pyramid scene parsing network (PSPNet) classifier which is effectually trained using the developed honey badger golden search optimization algorithm (HBGSO). Grid-based scheme is used to identify lung nodules and then the features are extracted. Finally, lung cancer detection is done by the Shepard convolutional neural networks (ShCNN) classifier and is trained using the proposed fractional HBGSO (FHBGSO) algorithm. The FHBGSO-based ShCNN outperforms with the highest accuracy of 93.4%, f-measure of 91.2% and precision of 89.8%. Thus, lung cancer is detected in the earlier stages by the devised scheme.
SEMI-ANALYTICAL APPROACH OF RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BLOOD/SILVER–GOLD HYBRID NANOFLUID FLOW IN A CIRCULAR DISK: APPLICATION TO THE HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
Authors: RAMASEKHAR GUNISETTY , JAKEER SHAIK , REDDY S. R. R. , SAI ADELLA ASEESH , DURGAPRASAD P. , SAJIDHA S. A. , SHUKLA PANKAJ , PRAKASH P.
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the three-dimensional flow of a bio-hybrid nanofluid through a porous rotating disk while considering the effects of linear thermal radiation and quadratic thermal radiation and examining entropy generation. The fluid enclosure with blood is taken as base fluid and silver–gold is considered as nanoparticles. The fluid flow phenomenon is characterized by nonlinear coupled differential equations involving two or more independent variables. A suitable numerical technique is used to handle the set of governing equations along with a stability and convergence analysis, followed by applying the homotopy perturbation method for solving stated equations. Through graphical illustrations, the radial and tangential velocity distributions, temperature distributions, entropy production and Bejan number are discussed graphically. The Nusselt number and friction factor results are presented and analyzed. The current finding is validated using the available data in both the numerical and homotopy perturbation methods. The results show that when heat absorption increases on blood/gold–silver hybrid nanofluid, a large heat flux develops on the revolving disk, accelerating the heat-transfer mechanism from that surface in both linear thermal radiation and quadratic thermal radiation cases. Moreover, we have seen that the entropy generation is increasing as the magnetic interaction parameter and heat absorption/generation coefficient in quadratic thermal radiation grow, in comparison with linear thermal radiation. The application of thermal radiation and entropy generation analysis is significantly used in the study of renal artery stenosis (RAS) systems and is an active area of research in the field of biomedical engineering. The model is utilized to compute entropy in physiological systems, such as cancer treatment, heat transfer in tissues, dialysis blood pump, and the efficacy of medical apparatus.
Minimally deformed Schwarzschild black hole in Rastall gravity
Authors: Sallah M. , Sharif M.
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we extend the vacuum Schwarzschild solution to obtain new black hole solutions within the framework of the Rastall theory of gravity using minimal gravitational decoupling technique. Through the addition of an extra source which induces anisotropy in static spherically symmetric configuration, the field equations are obtained which are then decomposed into two simpler arrays by virtue of a deformation strictly on the radial metric component. The first of these sets corresponds to the seed source (which we take as the vacuum) and is specified by the metric components of the Schwarzschild spacetime. For the second set, a solution is determined by imposing a constraint on the anisotropic extra source via a linear equation of state. For specified values of the Rastall and decoupling parameters, two extended solutions are obtained. The nature of the matter that constitutes the extra source is investigated through the energy conditions. We also study the asymptotic behavior of both solutions by analyzing the deformed radial metric component. It turns out that the additional source in both solutions is exotic due to the violation of the dominant energy conditions. The asymptotic flatness is preserved only for the solution corresponding to the conformally symmetric extra source.
Cosmological solutions of open FLRW metric in f(R,G) gravity: Observational aspects
Authors: Dixit Archana , Singh Ashutosh , Krishnannair Syamala
Published: December 2024

We investigate the cosmic evolution of the universe in context of [Formula: see text] gravity with homogeneous and isotropic background, where [Formula: see text] represents the Ricci scalar, and [Formula: see text] denotes the Gauss–Bonnet invariant. With the field equations of the [Formula: see text] gravity in the non-flat spacetime, we examine the characteristics of model with two distinct forms: [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the model parameters. The power-law solutions for the field equations are obtained by constraining the model parameters by employing Bayesian analysis tools in conjunction with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. We constraint the parameters by utilizing the combined datasets (OHD[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]BAO[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Pantheon) for open Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) model. The parameters of power-law solutions are determined as [Formula: see text] km/(s ⋅ Mpc) and [Formula: see text]. The present dark energy model estimates [Formula: see text] value higher than the [Formula: see text]CDM model. This is one of the motivations to consider the [Formula: see text] gravity to describe dark energy era. The best-fit values of model parameters in an open model yield the power index of power-law solution as [Formula: see text]. In the present model, the joint analysis by incorporating data from OHD, BAO, and Pantheon datasets favors the open FLRW model with power-law solutions at the late times. The behavior of cosmological parameters has been studied to explore the evolution of dark energy. The equation of state parameter ([Formula: see text]) supports the accelerated expansion of the Universe at late times. The energy conditions are also studied to test the cosmological viability of the model.
Geometric stability and optimization in reaction–diffusion models for tissue engineering: A case study with hydrogel scaffolds
Authors: Mustafa Lubna , Yousaf M.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a thorough qualitative analysis of coupled reaction–diffusion equations, with an emphasis on the careful selection of boundary conditions that govern the interactions between stem cell and nanozyme concentrations within hydrogel scaffolds. These scaffolds, widely applied in cartilage tissue repair, possess unique attributes such as tunable mechanical strength and high water content, which are captured within the model through carefully chosen parametric constraints. The precision in defining boundary conditions is particularly crucial, as stem cell proliferation within these scaffolds is highly sensitive to external parameters, directly influencing their behavior. Our approach employs a geometric framework to analyze the stability of the coupled system, with a focus on discerning the delicate balance between stem cell populations and nanozyme concentrations. The goal is to ensure that the scaffold sustains optimal mechanical integrity, achieves uniform cell distribution, and maintains controlled degradation rates. Through a rigorous stability and bifurcation analysis of the reaction–diffusion equations, we explore the system’s equilibrium points and establish conditions under which these equilibria are stable or unstable. This analysis serves as a theoretical foundation for optimizing the design of hydrogel scaffolds, particularly in the context of ensuring consistent mechanical properties and efficient cellular integration. In addition to the qualitative geometric methods, we integrate Optuna, an advanced optimization algorithm, to fine-tune the model parameters. This computational tool enhances the accuracy of the parameter selection process by efficiently navigating the solution space, thereby refining the predictions of scaffold performance. The combination of geometric stability analysis with the state-of-the-art optimization provides a novel framework for addressing challenges in tissue engineering, offering new insights into the dynamics of scaffold design and the development of experimental protocols. These findings not only elucidate the stability conditions of the system but also contribute in establishing rigorous guidelines for the control of stem cell populations and nanozyme delivery rates in practical applications.