bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart-bed with Internet of Things for Pressure Ulcer
Authors: Taryudi Taryudi , Lindayani Linlin , Darmawati Irma
Published: February 2022

AIM: The purpose of this study was to develop prototype smart-bed based on Internet of Things that consisted of automatic patient mobilization every 2 h as well as monitoring patients. Stroke patients experience pressure sores that result in increased mortality within 30 days after a stroke. Pressure sores are injuries caused by continuous pressure. Patient mobilization is the primary prevention and treatment technique for patients with pressure sores.
METHODS: The proposed medical bed is designed to resolve both concerns through a revolutionary design that rotates the patient and offers an advanced patient monitoring system. Using an Android smartphone or tablet connected to the Arduino microcontroller through Bluetooth, the caregiver can rotate the bed in either direction to shift the pressure away from the back of the patient and to monitor the critical risk of ulcer pressure.
RESULTS: The bed functions in two modes: manual mode, which engages the caretaker in the rotation process, and automatic mode, which rotates the bed every 2 h. The overall rotation angle is calculated by calculating the patient’s weight by means of loading cells distributed across the bed. In addition, the smart bed features sensors for certain vital signs, such as heart rate, body temperature, oximetry, humidity, and blood pressure.
CONCLUSION: A novel, efficient, smart medical bed is presented to ease the lives of patients and caregivers, both of whom have difficulties using conventional beds. The proposed system automatically rotates patients as planned and tracks them for any unexpected changes in their viral signs. The proposed novel bed is fitted with a range of safety measures to ensure proper functionality and prevent any danger to patients. The patients’ vital signs are assessed.
Phytochemical Analysis Both of Water and Ethanol Extract from Some Herbs Combinations, Nanoemulsion Formulation, and Antioxidant Effects
Authors: Atun Sri , Pertiwi Kartika R , Qolbiah Mahclisatul , Safa Salsabila
Published: February 2022

AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of both water and ethanol extracts of a combination of several herbs (Phyllanthus urinaria, Andrographis paniculata, Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Citrus limon, and Cymbopogon citratus), as well as product development in the form of nanoemulsions.

METHODS: The research was conducted by making three combinations of herbs mixtures with various compositions (Formulas A, B, and C). The combined herbs powder was then made in the form of water and ethanol extracts. The ethanol extract of each herbal combination was then made also in the form of a nanoemulsion by spontaneous emulsion.

RESULTS: The ethanol extract of each herbs combination contained higher phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity than the water extract. The nanoemulsion product of the combined herbs ethanol extract had a particle size of 21.1; 34.9; and 50.7 nm and showed high antioxidant activity.

CONCLUSION: The combined several herbs (P. urinaria, A. paniculata, C. longa, Z. officinale, C. limon, and C. citratus) ethanol extract and its nanoemulsion products have the potential to be developed as natural antioxidants.
Shifts in DNA yield and biological community composition in stored sediment: implications for paleogenomic studies
Authors: Brasell Katie A. , Pochon Xavier , Howarth Jamie , Pearman John K. , Zaiko Anastasija , Thompson Lucy , Vandergoes Marcus J. , Simon Kevin S. , Wood Susanna A.
Published: February 2022

Lake sediments hold a wealth of information from past environments that is highly valuable for paleolimnological reconstructions. These studies increasingly apply modern molecular tools targeting sedimentary DNA (sedDNA). However, sediment core sampling can be logistically difficult, making immediate subsampling for sedDNA challenging. Sediment cores are often refrigerated (4 °C) for weeks or months before subsampling. We investigated the impact of storage time on changes in DNA (purified or as cell lysate) concentrations and shifts in biological communities following storage of lake surface sediment at 4 °C for up to 24 weeks. Sediment samples (~ 0.22 g, in triplicate per time point) were spiked with purified DNA (100 or 200 ng) or lysate from a brackish water cyanobacterium that produces the cyanotoxin nodularin or non-spiked. Samples were analysed every 1–4 weeks over a 24-week period. Droplet digital PCR showed no significant decrease in the target gene (nodularin synthetase – subunit F; ndaF) over the 24-week period for samples spiked with purified DNA, while copy number decreased by more than half in cell lysate-spiked samples. There was significant change over time in bacteria and eukaryotic community composition assessed using metabarcoding. Amongst bacteria, the cyanobacterial signal became negligible after 5 weeks while Proteobacteria increased. In the eukaryotic community, Cercozoa became dominant after 6 weeks. These data demonstrate that DNA yields and community composition data shift significantly when sediments are stored chilled for more than 5 weeks. This highlights the need for rapid subsampling and appropriate storage of sediment core samples for paleogenomic studies.
Thyridium revised: Synonymisation of Phialemoniopsis under Thyridium and establishment of a new order, Thyridiales
Authors: Sugita Ryosuke , Tanaka Kazuaki
Published: February 2022

The genus Thyridium, previously known as a saprobic or hemibiotrophic ascomycete on various plants, was revised taxonomically and phylogenetically. Sequences of the following six regions, that is, the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the large subunit (LSU) of rDNA, the second largest RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2) gene, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene, the actin (act) gene, and the beta-tubulin (tub2) gene, were generated for molecular phylogenetic analyses of species of this genus. Phialemoniopsis, a genus encompassing medically important species, is synonymised with Thyridium based on molecular evidence and morphological similarities in their asexual characters. The generic concept for Thyridium is expanded to include species possessing both coelomycetous and hyphomycetous complex asexual morphs. In addition to type species of Thyridium, T. vestitum, nine species were accepted in Thyridium upon morphological comparison and molecular phylogenetic analyses in this study. All seven species of Phialemoniopsis were treated as members of the genus Thyridium and new combinations were proposed. A bambusicolous fungus, Pleospora punctulata, was transferred to Thyridium, and an epitype is designated for this species. A new species, T. flavostromatum, was described from Phyllostachys pubescens. The family Phialemoniopsidaceae, proposed as a familial placement for Phialemoniopsis, was regarded as a synonym of Thyridiaceae. A new order, Thyridiales, was established to accommodate Thyridiaceae; it forms a well-supported, monophyletic clade in Sordariomycetes.
Modifiable Factors and Incident Gout Across Ethnicity Within a Large Multiethnic Cohort of Older Adults
Authors: Thompson Mika D. , Wu Yan Yan , Cooney Robert V. , Wilkens Lynne R. , Haiman Christopher A. , Pirkle Catherine M.
Published: February 2022

Objective

Gout disproportionately affects older Pacific Islander and Black populations relative to White populations. However, the ethnic-specific determinants remain understudied within these groups, as well as within other ethnicities. We examined gout incidence and associations with behavioral factors, including diet, alcohol, and smoking, within a large multiethnic population of older adults from the Multiethnic Cohort Study, which linked prospective cohort data to Medicare gout claims between 1999–2016.

Methods

Using samples of Black (n = 12,370), Native Hawaiian (n = 6459), Japanese (n = 29,830), Latino (n = 17,538), and White (n = 26,067) participants, we conducted multiple Cox regressions, producing hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.

Results

Relative to White individuals, Native Hawaiians had the highest risk of gout (HR 2.21, 95% CI 2.06–2.38), followed successively by Black and Japanese participants, whereas Latino individuals had a lower risk of gout (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.73–0.83). Alcohol use was associated with an increased risk, with significantly greater effects observed among Japanese participants drinking ≥ 3 drinks per day (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.27–1.66), or > 5 beers per week (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.17–1.43), compared to White individuals (Pinteraction < 0.001). Former smokers with ≥ 20 pack-years had an increased risk (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.06–1.22). Higher dietary quality was associated with a decreased gout risk, with the largest effect observed among White participants (HRQ5vsQ1 0.84, 95% CI 0.79–0.90), whereas vitamin C was weakly associated with a decreased risk of gout only among Japanese individuals (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85–0.98).

Conclusion

Overall, notable ethnic differences were observed in both gout risk and associations with modifiable behavioral factors. Our findings offer crucial insights that may improve precision in preventing and managing gout.
Anakinra in Patients With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Long-term Safety From the Pharmachild Registry
Authors: Giancane Gabriella , Papa Riccardo , Vastert Sebastiaan , Bagnasco Francesca , Swart Joost F. , Quartier Pierre , Antón Jordi , Kamphuis Sylvia , Sanner Helga , Glerup Mia , De Benedetti Fabrizio , Tsitsami Elena , Remesal Agustin , Moreno Estefania , De Inocencio Jaime , Myrup Charlotte , Pallotti Chiara , Koné-Paut Isabelle , Franck-Larsson Karin , Malmström Håkan , Cederholm Susanna , Pistorio Angela , Wulffraat Nico , Ruperto Nicolino
Published: February 2022

Objective

To evaluate the long-term safety profile of anakinra in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA).

Methods

Data from patients with sJIA enrolled in the Pharmachild registry (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03932344) prior to September 30, 2018, and treated with anakinra were analyzed. The study endpoints were the occurrence of non-serious adverse events (SAEs) of at least moderate severity and SAEs, including macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), and the duration of anakinra treatment with reasons for discontinuation. All endpoints were analyzed overall by 6-month time windows, and in different treatment sets represented by those patients treated continuously with anakinra for at least 12, 18, and 24 months (set-12, -18, and -24, respectively).

Results

Three hundred six patients were enrolled. Of these patients, 46%, 34%, and 28% had been treated for at least 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively. Two hundred and one AEs, mostly represented by infections, were reported for 509.3 patient-years (PY) with an overall incidence rate (IR) of 39.5 per 100 PY. Among 56 SAEs (IR 11.0/100 PY), 23.2% were infections and 19.6% MAS episodes. The IR of AEs was higher during the first 6 months of anakinra treatment, followed by decreasing IRs in the long-term treatment sets. Treatment discontinuation occurred in 76% of patients, most frequently in the first 6 months, because of inefficacy (43%), remission (31%), or AEs/intolerance (15%). No deaths or malignancies occurred during anakinra treatment.

Conclusion

The results of the present study confirm the long-term safety profile of anakinra in patients with sJIA and demonstrate an overall decreasing incidence of AEs over time. [ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01399281 and NCT03932344]
Consensus Approach to a Treat-to-target Strategy in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Care: Report From the 2020 PR-COIN Consensus Conference
Authors: El Tal Tala , Ryan Meghan E. , Feldman Brian M. , Bingham Catherine April , Burnham Jon M. , Batthish Michelle , Bullock Danielle , Ferraro Kerry , Gilbert Mileka , Gillispie-Taylor Miriah , Gottlieb Beth , Harris Julia G. , Hazen Melissa , Laxer Ronald M. , Lee Tzielan Chang , Lovell Daniel , Mannion Melissa , Noonan Laura , Oberle Edward , Taylor Janalee , Weiss Jennifer E. , Toruner Cagri Yildirim , Morgan Esi M.
Published: February 2022

Objective

Treat to target (T2T) is a strategy of adjusting treatment until a target is reached. An international task force recommended T2T for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treatment. Implementing T2T in a standard and reliable way in clinical practice requires agreement on critical elements of (1) target setting, (2) T2T strategy, (3) identifying barriers to implementation, and (4) patient eligibility. A consensus conference was held among Pediatric Rheumatology Care and Outcomes Improvement Network (PR-COIN) stakeholders to inform a statement of understanding regarding the PR-COIN approach to T2T.

Methods

PR-COIN stakeholders including 16 healthcare providers and 4 parents were invited to form a voting panel. Using the nominal group technique, 2 rounds of voting were held to address the above 4 areas to select the top 10 responses by rank order.

Results

Incorporation of patient goals ranked most important when setting a treatment target. Shared decision making (SDM), tracking measurable outcomes, and adjusting treatment to achieve goals were voted as the top elements of a T2T strategy. Workflow considerations, and provider buy-in were identified as key barriers to T2T implementation. Patients with JIA who had poor prognostic factors and were at risk for high disease burden were leading candidates for a T2T approach.

Conclusion

This consensus conference identified the importance of incorporating patient goals as part of target setting and of the influence of patient stakeholder involvement in drafting treatment recommendations. The network approach to T2T will be modified to address the above findings, including solicitation of patient goals, optimizing SDM, and better workflow integration.
COVID-19 Hospitalizations, Intensive Care Unit Stays, Ventilation, and Death Among Patients With Immune-mediated Inflammatory Diseases Compared to Controls
Authors: Eder Lihi , Croxford Ruth , Drucker Aaron M. , Mendel Arielle , Kuriya Bindee , Touma Zahi , Johnson Sindhu R. , Cook Richard , Bernatsky Sasha , Haroon Nigil , Widdifield Jessica
Published: February 2022

Objective

To investigate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization risk in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) compared with matched non-IMID comparators from the general population.

Methods

We conducted a population-based, matched cohort study using health administrative data from January to July 2020 in Ontario, Canada. Cohorts for each of the following IMIDs were assembled: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis, systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs), multiple sclerosis (MS), iritis, inflammatory bowel disease, polymyalgia rheumatica, and vasculitis. Each patient was matched with 5 non-IMID comparators based on sociodemographic factors. We compared the cumulative incidence of hospitalizations for COVID-19 and their outcomes between IMID and non-IMID patients.

Results

A total of 493,499 patients with IMID (417 hospitalizations) and 2,466,946 non-IMID comparators (1519 hospitalizations) were assessed. The odds of being hospitalized for COVID-19 were significantly higher in patients with IMIDs compared with their matched non-IMID comparators (matched unadjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.37, adjusted OR 1.23). Significantly higher risk of hospitalizations was found in patients with iritis (OR 1.46), MS (OR 1.83), PsA (OR 2.20), RA (OR 1.42), SARDs (OR 1.47), and vasculitis (OR 2.07). COVID-19 hospitalizations were associated with older age, male sex, long-term care residence, multimorbidity, and lower income. The odds of complicated hospitalizations were 21% higher among all IMID vs matched non-IMID patients, but this association was attenuated after adjusting for demographic factors and comorbidities.

Conclusion

Patients with IMIDs were at higher risk of being hospitalized with COVID-19. This risk was explained in part by their comorbidities.
Post Hoc Power Calculations: An Inappropriate Method for Interpreting the Findings of a Research Study
Authors: Heckman Michael G. , Davis John M. , Crowson Cynthia S.
Published: February 2022

Power calculations are a key study design step in research studies. However, such power analysis is often inappropriately performed in the medical literature by attempting to help interpret the findings of a completed study, instead of attempting to aid in choosing an optimal sample size for a future study. The aim of this article is to provide a brief discussion of the drawbacks of performing these post hoc power calculations, and to correspondingly suggest best practices regarding the use of statistical power and the interpretation of study results. Specifically, power analysis should always be considered before any research study in order to choose an ideal sample size and/or to examine the feasibility of properly evaluating study aims, but it should never be used in order to help interpret the results of an already completed study. Alternatively, 95% confidence intervals for effect sizes (eg, odds ratio, hazard ratio, mean difference) or other relevant parameter estimates should be used when attempting to draw conclusions from results, such as the likelihood of a type II error (ie, a false negative finding).
Evolution of Nurse-Led Hackathons, Incubators, and Accelerators from an Innovation Ecosystem Perspective
Authors: Kagan Olga , Littlejohn Joshua , Nadel Hiyam , Leary Marion
Published: February 2022

Nurses are continually innovating to fill gaps or inefficiencies within healthcare. This was particularly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, when a burst in nurse-led innovation in all areas of healthcare and across the lifespan necessitated an innovation ecosystem to realize nurses' full potential. New ways of thinking and leading the future of nursing have been echoed by the National Academy of Medicine’s Future of Nursing Report 2020-2030, the American Nurses Association (ANA) innovation task force, and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC). Nurse-led hackathons, incubators, and accelerators have emerged to meet the need for a more intentional and formal pathway for nurses to add value to health and healthcare within an innovation and design thinking framework. This article describes a brief historical background of hackathons, innovation incubators, and innovation accelerators and considers their evolution within the nursing profession, including implications for practice and education.
An Educational Intervention to Decrease the Number of Emergency Incidents of Restraint and Seclusion on a Behavioral Health Unit
Authors: Dixon Marian , Long Elizabeth M.
Published: February 2022

Background:

The objective of this study was to implement an educational intervention on an inpatient, behavioral health care unit with the goal of reducing the number of crisis interventions of seclusion or restraint.

Method:

A quasi-experimental pretest and posttest design using De-escalate Anyone, Anywhere, Anytime training was employed with a focus of an increased understanding of a range of de-escalation techniques to use instead of restraint and seclusion.

Results:

A convenience sample of 21 mental health employees participated in the training. The rates of restraint declined from a mean of 6 preintervention to 2 postintervention. The number of seclusions on the designated unit declined from a mean of 4.33 preintervention to a mean of 1.667 postintervention.

Conclusion:

These data suggest that an educational intervention to increase the knowledge of direct care staff in a broad range of de-escalation techniques resulted in a reduction in the use of restraint and seclusion. Ongoing training for nursing staff may reassure them of the efficacy of alternative methods for dealing with aggressive patients.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2022;53(2):70–76.]
Clinical Nurses' Continuing Education Needs in Acute Burn Care
Authors: Oh Dana , Choi Yun-Jung
Published: February 2022

Objective:

The purpose of this research was to explore clinical nurses' continuing education needs in caring for patients with acute burns.

Method:

A descriptive research design was applied. To explore clinical nurses' continuing education needs in caring for patients with acute burns, focus group interviews were conducted. Educational needs assessments in acute burn care knowledge and skills were developed based on a content analysis of the focus group interviews. The participants were clinical nurses at a burn treatment hospital. Collected data were analyzed.

Results:

The nurses showed a high educational need for nursing knowledge and skills in caring for patients with acute burns. They indicated a need for educational content covering comprehensive nursing knowledge and skills for this care, including emergency treatment and psychosocial nursing care for the physical changes induced by acute burns.

Conclusion:

A systematic continuing education program needs to be developed for nurses who care for patients with acute burns and delivered using blended learning approaches.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2022;53(2):77–82.]
Yoga Interventions Involving Older Adults: Integrative Review
Authors: Martens Nancy L.
Published: February 2022

There is growing scientific evidence that yoga interventions have positive impacts on health in community-dwelling older adults. Older adults are an exponentially growing cohort; efforts to improve their health can also contribute to community health. The objective of the current integrative review was to examine quantitative evidence concerning effectiveness of yoga interventions related to the health of community-dwelling older adults. Six studies met inclusion criteria of community-dwelling older adults, randomized controlled trial (RCT) design, and yoga intervention in the past 10 years. Hatha yoga was most frequently used; interventions were well-received with high adherence rates. Benefits from participation in yoga included improvements in psychological and physical health, such as reductions in anger, anxiety, and fear of falling, and increases in well-being, self-efficacy, improved executive and immunological function, strength, and balance. Findings reveal that additional well-designed yoga RCTs are indicated with longer intervention and follow up to assess lifespan changes. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48
(2), 43–52.]
Domestic Violence in Urban American Muslim Women
Authors: Ali Basmaa , Ahsan Mohammed , Ahmed Nahida , Leff H Stephen , Chow Clifton , Khatab Yacoub
Published: February 2022

Muslims constitute about one percent of the U.S. population. Ten percent of U.S. media stories on domestic violence (DV) focus on American Muslims, implying a higher-than-average rate of DV in the American Muslim community. Our study estimates the prevalence of DV among Muslim women in greater Boston and compares it to DV rates among American women as a whole. The study also examines the effect of education, income, and employment status on DV in both samples in comparison with each other. We anonymously surveyed 332 American Muslim women over the age of 18 at five mosques in the greater Boston area and found the DV rate among our study participants to be comparable with that among American women in general.We used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (AddHealth) as a surrogate for the U.S. as a whole. Our study participants experienced less intimate partner violence and more aggression from parents and siblings than the women in AddHealth. Also, rising socioeconomic and employment status were not buffers against DV in our study as they were for the AddHealth participants. Ethnicity or country of birth had no impact on DV risk among the women in our study. These results are important because they counter the bias in U.S. media that implies DV is more prevalent among American Muslims than in the U.S. population at large. Our data also suggests measures to ameliorate DV in American Muslims need to target the whole family (i.e., parents and children of both genders).
Transformational Leadership Contributions for Employee Autonomy
Authors: Dias Alvaro Lopes , Pascoal Barbara , Pereira Leandro , Costa Renato
Published: February 2022

The performance of a company is affected by several variables and understanding them and knowing how they work is decisive for management. Therefore, this research aims to address and measure how transformational leadership impacts the employees' work. To test the conceptual model, we used survey data from 174 active workers. Data were analyzed using PLS-SEM. Our results reveal that leaders who adopt a Transformational approach allow workers to be more autonomous in their work, the autonomy leverage the existence of efficiency in tasks and processes. Efficiency is also reached through cost savings, which translates into a reduction of unproductive work time. Furthermore, results indicate the mediating effect of efficiency and employee autonomy on the relationship between transformational leadership and cost savings and between transformational leadership and unproductive work time.
Barriers Related to AI Implementation in Supply Chain Management
Authors: Shrivastav Monika
Published: February 2022

The primary objective of this paper is to offer a structured and comprehensive list of the barriers associated with implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) solutions in Supply Chain Management (SCM). While the broader field of AI has made rapid advances in a relatively short period of time, there are significant barriers that still need to be addressed to harness the true potential of AI. SCM’s dependency on multi-actor collaboration, disparate data sources, unwillingness of actors to embrace AI, change management issues, and lack of AI governance framework poses significant barriers for successful implementation of AI. Drawn from extensive literature review as well as real-world experience, this paper systematically explores and compiles a robust list of barriers of AI implementation in supply chain functions by categorizing them and elaborating their impact at inter- and intra-organizational SCM. Lastly, the paper offers recommendations for practitioners, policymakers, researchers, and governments on how they can work together for AI to be successful.
A Nurse-Led Voiding Algorithm for Managing Urinary Retention After General Thoracic Surgery
Authors: Pierson Mary , Cretella Brittany , Roussel Maureen , Byrne Patricia , Parkosewich Janet
Published: February 2022

Background

Untreated postoperative urinary retention (POUR) leads to bladder overdistension. Treatment of POUR involves urinary catheterization, which predisposes patients to catheter-associated urinary tract infections. The hospital’s rate of POUR after lobectomy was 21%, exceeding the Society of Thoracic Surgeons’ benchmark of 6.4%. Nurses observed that more patients were being catheterized after implementation of a newly revised urinary catheter protocol.

Objective

To reduce the incidence of POUR by implementing a thoracic surgery–specific nurse-led voiding algorithm.

Methods

Experts validated the voiding algorithm that standardized postoperative assessment. It was initiated after general thoracic surgery among 179 patients in a thoracic surgery stepdown unit of a large Magnet hospital. After obtaining verbal consent from patients, nurses collected demographic and clinical data and followed the algorithm, documenting voided amounts and bladder scan results. Descriptive statistics characterized the sample and the incidence of POUR. Associations were determined between demographic and clinical factors and POUR status by using the t test and χ2 test.

Results

The POUR-positive group and the POUR-negative group were equivalent with regard to demographic and clinical factors, except more patients in the POUR–positive cohort had had a lobectomy (P = .05). The rate of POUR was 8%. Society of Thoracic Surgeons reports revealed a rapid and sustained reduction in the hospital’s rates of POUR after lobectomy: from 21% to 3%.

Conclusion

The use of this nurse-led voiding algorithm effectively reduced and sustained rates of POUR.
Explaining Strategies in Setting Own Local Taxes in Slovenia
Authors: Bačlija Brajnik Irena , Prebilič Vladimir , Kronegger Luka
Published: February 2022

There are numerous ways for localities to exercise tax powers. However, not all localities utilize their taxing powers. Taxation strategies are numerous and are influenced by the size of local government, the percentage of taxes that the local government takes, share and the local government’s autonomy over taxation. Local governments in Slovenia have some tax autonomy, but local taxes only represent about 13 percent of municipal total tax revenue. This article reviews taxation by local governments in Slovenia as well as some potential reasons for their under-taxing. We can conclude that local governments in Slovenia use local taxes as a fiscal measure and that share of (all) own taxes positively correlate to the size of the municipality. Small municipalities tend to under-tax (or avoid taxing completely), and since equalisation mechanisms do not reward taxation inactivity, the most probable explanation for this practice is closeness to the electorate.
What Drives Regional Proliferation in Indonesia? Assessing the Role of Institutions
Authors: Digdowiseiso Kumba , Murshed Syed Mansoob , Bergh Sylvia I.
Published: February 2022

Regional proliferation (pemekaran) is still a major issue of debate in the Indonesian public policy forums. In this article, we investigate the factors that contribute to pemekaran and analyze whether the quality of institutions can explain the number of regional proliferation events in Indonesia. Based on observations for the period 2007 to 2014, we find that the levels of both administrative approvals and social capital have a positive and significant effect on the number of regional-proliferation events. We also find that fiscal transfers and income do not constitute motives for regions in Indonesia to proliferate. In addition, there is a significant and positive association between ethnic fractionalization and the occurrence of regional proliferation in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the qualitative findings in West Java and Banten show that territorial coalitions do matter and that there are political, economic, and bureaucratic rent-seeking motives behind pemekaran.
Do Local Budgets Influence Regional Development? Empirical evidence from Romania
Authors: Oprea Florin , Onofrei Mihaela , Paraschiv Gigel , Cojocariu Lenuta
Published: February 2022

Public agenda constantly include the topics of sound local finances and promoting regional development, especially in the context of the government’s efforts to ensure a sustainable path of economic growth. From this point of view, our research is intended to empirically determine the role played by local finances on regional development, having Romania as a case study. We computed a Regional Development Index at county level, by comprising nine dimensions of progress: Our analysis encompasses data from TEMPO online database of National Institute of Statistic and from Ministry of Development, Public Works and Administration. The empirical evidence suggests a positive and significant relationship between some indicators of local budgets and our computed Regional Development Index. Reported to these results, our recommendations are directed towards the local fiscal policy, aiming to optimize the design of local budgetary indicators.
DESPARADOJIZACIÓN DE LA FORMA PARADOJA
Authors:   Centro de Estudios Teóricos y Multidisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales, Zamorano Farías Raúl
Published: February 2022

disciplinary fields, surpassing classical thought, it carries with it the status of ambiguity, uncertainty and even incomprehensibility that traditional thought gave it, which has been in charge of suppressing the paradoxes to only exploit the distinction between being and not being, since analyzing other questions would force self-implication of what is considered as an undue epistemological action from the ontological tradition. Precisely, this work analyzes and problematizes the treatment that scientific reflection has given to the problem of paradoxes, in order to examine the conditions of their possibility, which depend on a particular configuration of distinctions with which social systems operate in modern and modern society, where the prevalence of uncertainty, contingency and asymmetry is recognized. Empirically, it is assumed that the operation of the paradox, that is, the difference, refers to the operation of a system or, in other words, to the observation of the observations of the observer who observes and, consequently, that scientific knowledge it has no contact with reality, but is a product of a knowing system that self-referentially and contingently constitutes the real from the distinctions. Therefore, the forms of the paradox can only be treated when they are observed by the observers, this is from a perspective that today is called second-order cybernetics, de-paradoxising the paradox as a distinction that produces distinctions and knowledge.
LA PROTESTA SOCIAL Y SUS MECANISMOS DE REDUCCIÓN DE CONTINGENCIA
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo, México, Bravo Rubio Gustavo
Published: February 2022

Traditionally, in Social Anthropology, social protest has been documented and studied to understand how social problems, especially those linked to social inequality, affect the population and how it responds to such situations. However, something that has been left out in recent studies in this field has been understanding it as an emergent phenomenon, seeking to understand why protests are capable of emerging and reducing their contingency to remain latent and iterable in society, avoiding their definitive extinction. . This study, using the theory of social systems as a theoretical means and ethnography as an empirical study strategy, examines the case of a protest movement of workers in the gig economy, demonstrating how it has been able to maintain itself over time through of the self-reproduction of its components through Culture, understood as a means of communication, as a mechanism for reducing the contingency of social protest. These findings support the study of the cultural variable, understanding it as a means that takes the form of themes and group membership, and that operates as a mechanism that enables the emergence (differentiation with respect to the environment) and self-reproduction of the protest system thus increasing its redundancy and achieving, self-referentially, increase the possibilities of fulfilling moral expectations and self-realization, and heteroreferentially, generating conflict to draw attention to the problems resulting from functional differentiation.
ALTER-ACTIVISMO: SEMÁNTICA DEL MOVIMIENTO DE PROTESTA ECO-EXTREMISTA Y PROPAGANDA POLÍTICA ANARQUISTA (2012-2018)
Authors:   Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitanam, Santiago, Chile., Soriano Mora Nicolás
Published: February 2022

The main interest of the research is to observe the communications made by the eco-extremist protest movement and, in particular, to attend to the case of the most active group based in Chile: “Individualities Tendiendo a lo Salvaje”, as well as and in a complementary way, develop a study on the social imaginaries embodied in Chilean anarchist political propaganda, between 2012 and 2018. Both contemporary expressions associated with Latin American political violence include in their communications aspects that seek to go beyond the limits proposed by conventional ideological struggles, promoting solutions that are consistent with an increasingly open and less predictable world system. In this sense, ecological communication plays a fundamental role and in it, emerging frontier figures from peripheral political sectors manage to weave demands through the establishment of countermodern horizons. Making this emerging reality intelligible, then allows us to discern the new forms in which social phenomena can evolve that currently reveal the tension between politics and culture. Correcting and compensating for the deficiencies that proliferate in hasty observations from the political system, enables a concrete and primary approach to the deeper meanings that the new social movements harbor.
Phenological observations on protected natural areas associated with brown bear (Ursus arctos L.) ecology
Authors: Fyodorov Fyodor
Published: February 2022

The Chronicles of Nature (Letopis Prirody) kept in the nature reserves of the Russian Federaton aggregate a wide spectrum of systematic field records. Information of particular interest therein is the timing of ripening of berries and their yields across years, since berries are an important food for many wildlife species, including brown bear (Ursus arctos), a core species in boreal European Russia. Such trophic links are most explicit and interesting in the autumn during fattening or hyperphagia period in bears, when the animals depend on berry availability for storing up fat. We aimed to identify the ecological relationships of brown bear applying integrated analysis of field data on the carnivore diet and of records from the Chronicles of Nature of the Kivach Nature Reserves (the middle taiga) and the Pinega Nature Reserve (the northern taiga). We have determined the prevalence (%) of the certain foods in brown bear scats sampled from transects along forest roads and paths. The number and productivity of fruit-bearing rowan trees (Sorbus aucuparia) were determined along permanent transects. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) berries dominate in brown bear diet. Berry ripening dates (19-43 days) and the average yield (scores 1.3 to 5.0) vary greatly over years. Trends in ripening onset dates follow a vector towards earlier dates. In the Pinega NR, the rate of this process is faster in bilberry. The coefficient of rank correlation between the number of fruit-bearing rowans along dirt roads and rowan prevalence in scats was r=1. The same significant correlation was found between the number of fruit-bearing rowan trees and rowan berry yield. The prevalence of different foods in brown bear scats during the hyperphagia period shows the high dietary plasticity of species. A reliable strong correlation was detected in the Pinega NR between the last sighting of brown bear tracks in autumn and the onset of berry ripening in bog bilberry and rowan. The relatively stable food supply for brown bear in the middle and northern taiga of European Russia is one of the factors defining the high numbers and wide distribution of the species. Keywords: Chronicles of Nature, nature reserves, middle and northern taiga subzones, fattening foods, berry fruiting, trophic links, dietary plasticity, Ursus arctos.
Kerry McCarthy. Tallis
Authors: Cole Suzanne
Published: February 2022

In a 2005 article commemorating five hundred years since the estimated date of Thomas Tallis’s birth, Peter Phillips (conductor of the appropriately-named Tallis Scholars) lamented the lack of published scholarship on the composer. At that time, the only book dedicated solely to Tallis was Paul Doe’s extremely slim (seventy-one page) book, published in 1968. This gap has since been filled by not one but two books on Tallis: John Harley’s 2015 Thomas Tallis (Ashgate), and Kerry McCarthy’s 2020 addition to the Oxford University Press (OUP) Master Musicians series, Tallis…
Money for Everyone
Authors: Torry Malcolm
Published: February 2022

This much-needed book analyses the social, economic and labour market advantages of a Citizen's Income in the UK. It also contains international comparisons and links with broader issues around the meaning of poverty and inequality, making a valuable contribution to the debate around benefits.
alcance do consentimento na proteção de dados pessoais
Authors: Chagas de Souza Diego , Sangiacomo Meira Lima João Vitor
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo examinar o alcance do consentimento do titular de dados como instrumento protetivo nuclear da disciplina voltada à proteção de dados pessoais. Para tanto, analisa-se como o consentimento foi moldado no Regulamento Geral sobre a Proteção de Dados, da União Europeia, no Marco Civil da Internet e na Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais e como a efetividade dessa base legal se tornou questionável para garantir a autonomia decisória do titular em meio à corrida armamentista tecnológica de vigilância. Para superar as insuficiências do paradigma do consentimento, três perspectivas apresentam-se como soluções interessantes visando adequar a proteção de dados ao mercado informacional. Conclui-se que a garantia do fundamento da autodeterminação informativa vai muito além do consentimento, como um mecanismo meramente formal. A percepção de que o titular se encontra em uma situação de vulnerabilidade nessa relação é crucial para lidar com os inúmeros desafios da proteção de dados.
Parecer DMAY n° 01/2010
Authors: Eugênia May Débora
Published: February 2022

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Entwicklungen in der gezielten Behandlung immun-mediierter Erkrankungen
Authors: Schett Georg
Published: February 2022

Moderne Immuntherapien haben in den letzten Jahren völlig neue Einblicke in die Pathophysiologie von Autoimmunerkrankungen des Menschen ermöglicht. Dabei wurden einige immunologische Konzepte aus der Grundlagenforschung bestätigt, andere wiederum widerlegt, sodass aus der klinisch-immunologischen Forschung neue pathophysiologische Konzepte hervorgegangen sind, die auch die Grundlagenforschung beeinflussen. Im folgenden Artikel sollen einige Erkenntnisse aus der zielgerichteten Therapie von Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (IMIDs) zusammengefasst werden, die für die klinische Immunologie von konzeptueller Bedeutung sind.
Remodeled RSA Algorithm for Messages of Length Two Employing G- Primes
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous, affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai), Sivakasi – 626 124, Tamil Nadu, India., Kannan J.
Published: February 2022

Now - a- days, the exchange of sensitive information, such as credit card numbers, over the internet is common practice. Protecting data and electronic systems is crucial to our way of living. Cryptography deals with the study of communication over a channel may not be secure and problems related with them. One such well known algorithm is RSA algorithm. This paper displays the classical RSA algorithm and modifies the work in generation of keys. There will be two assignments for the alphabets. Here the only interest is on messages with two letters.
Impact of Covid 19 Outbreak on Urban cities in India
Authors:   Master of Social Work in Community Organisation and Development Practice Graduate student at Tata Institute of Social Sciences Guwahati, Assam India, Thomas Dennis
Published: February 2022

According to the UN habitat report 2020, the next decade is considerable to see a rise in urbanization which may range to 60.4 % by 2030 as compared to 56.2% in 2020. Hence the current article intends to unravel the impact of Covid 19 on cities globally. The world cities report 2020 and Covid 19 Response plan 2020 by UN Habitat will be reviewed to get a better understanding of the overall condition of cities globally. Furthermore, the article also focuses on studying the major challenges in urban areas as mentioned in the UN habitat report like high risk for transmission, impact on economic activities, urban inequalities and coping mechanisms, by considering major cities in India. Lastly, it deals with the suggestions on how to enhance urban growth by tackling the prevailing issues so that sustainable cities can be developed which will accommodate the influx of people in the upcoming years as estimated by the UN habitat report 2020.
Ideological and artistic interpretation of “Makhbub ul-Kulub”
Authors:   Researcher, Navoi State Pedagogical Institute,Uzbekistan, Dusanova Tozagul R.
Published: February 2022

This article emphasizes that Alisher Navoi's work “Makhbub ul-Kulub” in the spirit of pandnoma is a work written in a mixture of prose and poetry. However, while existing research has interpreted this work as a work of prose, in some places there has been a reaction to existing research on the extent to which the poetic texts or passages in the work have been referred to one degree or another.
Gota y tofos en pulpejos
Authors: Roverano S. , Sandoval C. , Zunino A. , Ceccato F. , Ortiz A. , Paira S.
Published: February 2022

No existen datos exactos relativos a la prevalencia de tofos en pulpejos como manifestación inicial de la gota. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la población de pacientes con gota y evaluar la presencia de tofos en pulpejos de dedos de manos, pies y articulaciones interfalángicas distales, comparando los datos clínicos entre los pacientes con y sin tofos. Se reclutaron 161 pacientes con gota. Si bien los pacientes con tofos en pulpejos (12 pacientes) tenían mayor edad que aquellos sin tofos en esta localización, tenían mayor tiempo de evolución de la gota, mayor número de ellos tenían compromiso renal y menor porcentaje de enfermedades asociadas, ninguno de estos datos alcanzó signiﬁcancia estadística.
Síndrome de Sjögren y síntomas secos en pacientes con esclerosis sistémica
Authors: Coelho Horimoto Alex Magno , Possamai Vinicius de Macedo , Da Costa Izaias Pereira
Published: February 2022

Introducción: Varias enfermedades autoinmunes pueden ir acompañadas de disfunción de las glándulas salivales, independientemente de la presencia o ausencia de asociación con el síndrome de Sjögren (SS). Un estudio reciente de Maeshima y sus colegas hallaron hiposecreción salival en el 58,3% de los pacientes con diversas enfermedades del tejido conectivo, particularmente la esclerosis sistémica (SSc).
Manejo de arteritis de células gigantes en Argentina
Authors: Scolnik Marina , Scaglioni Valeria , Magri Sebastián Juan , Babini Alejandra Magdalena
Published: February 2022

Introducción: hasta ahora el diagnóstico de la Arteritis de Células Gigantes (ACG) se ha basado fundamentalmente en la clínica y la biopsia de arteria temporal y el tratamiento en corticoides. En los últimos años, han aparecido nuevos métodos que ayudan en el diagnóstico, y recientemente nuevos tratamientos.
Daño orgánico en Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES)
Authors: Alba Paula
Published: February 2022

Las enfermedades autoinmunes sistémicas se caracterizan por una amplia y heterogénea variedad de manifestaciones clínicas. Las medidas propuestas para evaluar el pronóstico en ellas son la actividad de la enfermedad, el daño orgánico (DO) y la calidad de vida.

El DO es definido como una pérdida permanente o cambio irreversible de la función de un órgano o sistema como consecuencia de una manifestación clínica de la enfermedad. El daño irreversible puede ser el resultado de la actividad de la enfermedad, el tratamiento recibido para la misma o ambos, y la coexistencia de comorbilidades.