bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rut Depth Evaluation of a Triple-Bogie System for Forwarders—Field Trials with TLS Data Support
Authors: Starke Michael , Derron Cédric , Heubaum Felix , Ziesak Martin
Published: August 2020

In 2019, the machine manufacturer HSM presented a forwarder prototype for timber hauling in cut-to-length processes fitted with a new 10-wheel triple-bogie (TB) setup approach aimed at promoting sustainable forest management by reducing the ecological impact of forest operations, especially under soft-soil working conditions. The purpose of our study was to assess the resulting soil-protection effect emerging from additional wheel-contact surface area. For this, the rut development under known cumulative weight, related to the soil conditions of shear strength and moisture content, was recorded for later comparison. Additional terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) was used to generate a multi-temporal digital terrain model (DTM) in order to enhance the data sample, assess data quality, and facilitate visualization of the impact of local disturbance factors. In all TB configurations, a rut depth of 10 cm (5.8–7.2 cm) was not exceeded after the hauling of a reference amount of 90 m3 of timber (average soil shear strength reference of 67 kPa, volumetric water content (VMC) 43%). Compared to a reference dataset, all observed configurations ranked in the lowest-impact machine categories on related soil stability classes, and the configuration without bogie tracks revealed the highest machine weight to weight distribution trade-off potential.
An Investigation of the Experiences of Working with Multilingual International Students among Local Students and Faculty Members in Chinese Universities
Authors: Han Yawen , Li Wenxuan , Bao Min , Cao Xinyu
Published: August 2020

In recent years, as a response to the internationalization of higher education worldwide, China has begun to enroll international students to study at the tertiary level on an increasingly large scale. While the majority of the programs and courses are open to international students via Chinese as Chinese-medium instruction (CMI), there are also an increasing number of programs and courses delivered through English-medium instruction (EMI). In order to understand higher education multilingual contexts, this qualitative study examines how local students and faculty members make sense of their engagement with international students in three Chinese universities. In the study, we conducted in-depth interviews with 11 academics who worked with international students as project supervisors and 25 Chinese university students regarding their experiences of working with international students. The findings that emerged from the thematic analysis revealed that international students’ learning engagement was profoundly mediated by language barriers, cultural assumptions and the academic conventions in host institutions. The study revealed that Chinese academics are concerned about international students’ learning attitudes, their academic progress and a lack of participation due to their language ability. Local Chinese students also reported a lack of satisfaction in working with international students. Some of the local students felt that some international students may have been enabled to enroll in the academic programs as a result of national and university policies, which has led to a ‘dumbing down’ of the curriculum offered in English. The findings indicate that more needs to be done to promote mutual exchanges and better understanding among international students, Chinese faculty members and local students.
Applied Model of E-Learning in the Framework of Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Zhang Tong , Shaikh Zaffar A. , Yumashev Alexei V. , Chłąd Monika
Published: August 2020

Education for sustainable development is an evolving concept aimed at providing an understanding of the relationship between sustainable development issues and the development of knowledge, skills, perspectives and values, which will enable people of all ages to commit themselves to creating a sustainable future. The aim of the study is the development of a widely applicable model of e-learning, which consists of seven consecutive levels of professional and personal development and is conceptually associated with a self-regulation strategy. The methodological core of such model creation is the theory of niche construction. Its application to the understanding of the systemic educational process allowed the assumption that, under the evolutionary pressure of the educational environment, a person is engaged in self-learning and self-development processes. Thus, needing to adapt to the educational niche’s interaction, the individual affects its development through active inclusion in the training process, showing a personal evolutionary impulse. The system, in turn, affects one’s individual growth through the socialization of his/her personal and professional qualities. The scientific novelty of this article lies in the proposed widely applicable, presumably universal model of distance education, which consists of seven levels of professional development. The results show progress in students’ mastery of skills, which are an integral part of education for sustainable development (ESD), namely, foresight, critical thinking and reflection, systemic thinking, building partnerships, and participating in decision-making. This article also demonstrates the existing functionality of platforms that technologically support the educational process, indicates their strengths and defines areas for further improvement and development within the framework regarding the concept of education for sustainable development. The study outcomes confirm the effectiveness of a universal distance education model for the stable professional growth of tourism and hospitality staff. Thus, it is advisable to implement the model’s conceptual structure into educational programs of modern e-learning systems. Supposed universality of the model opens up the possibility of its use in almost all fields for training personnel.
Extended Isolation Forests for Fault Detection in Small Hydroelectric Plants
Authors: de Santis Rodrigo Barbosa , Costa Marcelo Azevedo
Published: August 2020

Maintenance in small hydroelectric plants is fundamental for guaranteeing the expansion of clean energy sources and supplying the energy estimated to be necessary for the coming years. Most fault diagnosis models for hydroelectric generating units, proposed so far, are based on the distance between the normal operating profile and newly observed values. The extended isolation forest model is a model, based on binary trees, that has been gaining prominence in anomaly detection applications. However, no study so far has reported the application of the algorithm in the context of hydroelectric power generation. We compared this model with the PCA and KICA-PCA models, using one-year operating data in a small hydroelectric plant with time-series anomaly detection metrics. The algorithm showed satisfactory results with less variance than the others; therefore, it is a suitable candidate for online fault detection applications in the sector.
Consequences of Abandoning Renovation: Case Study—Neglected Industrial Heritage Building
Authors: Nowogońska Beata
Published: August 2020

The abandonment of renovation works is an extremely important factor causing degradation of the building. Omission of repairs may lead to a threat to the stability of the building’s structure, threaten the lives of users, further damage to the building by damaging further elements. The aim of this article is to analyze the consequences of abandoning renovation works in order to minimize the occurrence of construction failures in the future. The article presents problems related to the abandonment of repair works of damaged elements. A classification of the effects of abandonment of repairs for historic buildings has been worked out. Industrial heritage buildings were often not used for a long time, and the lack of maintenance very often caused their partial or even complete destruction. The progressive degradation of buildings is mainly the result of human negligence, lack of effective, and continuous maintenance. The problem of abandonment of repairs is presented on the example of the granary in Krosno Odrzańskie.
Research on Shear Behavior and Crack Evolution of Symmetrical Discontinuous Rock Joints Based on FEM-CZM
Authors: Wu Xianlong , Wang Gang , Li Genxiao , Han Wei , Sun Shangqu , Zhang Shubo , Bi Wangliang
Published: August 2020

The discontinuous joints are an essential type of natural joints. The normal force, joint persistency, and distribution exert great influences on the shear resistance of the rock joints. By simulating the uniaxial compression experiment and Brazilian test, the material parameters and the basic size standard for meshing were determined. The symmetrical discontinuous joint distribution of three types were established, the cohesive elements were inserted between the solid elements, and the numerical simulation of the shear test was conducted. The effects of joint distribution, joint continuity, and normal stress on the shear resistance of joint rock were investigated, and the law of crack evolution was analyzed. The results showed that the shear process of discontinuous joints can be divided into four stages: elastic stage, strengthening stage, plastic stage, and residual stress stage. For the scattered joint distribution, the rock bridge can provide more reinforcement for the joints, which enhances the shear resistance of the joints, the stress concentration point at the end of the joint is easy to accumulate more fracture energy, which induces the initiation of the cracks, and under the influence of unbalanced torque, the both-sided joint distribution is more likely to produce tension damage.
Comparison of the Optical Planar Waveguide Sensors’ Characteristics Based on Guided-Mode Resonance
Authors: Bellucci S. , Fitio V. , Yaremchuk I. , Vernyhor O. , Bendziak A. , Bobitski Y.
Published: August 2020

A comparison of optical sensors’ characteristics based on guided-mode resonance has been carried out. It was considered a prism structure with a metal film, a metal grating on a metal substrate and a dielectric grating on a dielectric substrate. It is shown that the main characteristics are determined by the sensitivity of the constant propagation of the respective waveguides on a change in wavelength and a change in the refractive index of the tested medium. In addition, they depend on the full width at half maximum of the spectral or angular reflectance dependence. The corresponding analytical relationships obtained for the three types of sensors are almost the same. It is demonstrated that the ratio of the sensor spectral sensitivity on the resonance curve spectral width is equal to the ratio of the angular sensitivity on the angular width of the corresponding resonance curve for all three types of sensors.
Fluctuating Asymmetry in Morphological Characteristics of Betula Pendula Roth Leaf under Conditions of Urban Ecosystems: Evaluation of the Multi-Factor Negative Impact
Authors: Shadrina Elena , Turmukhametova Nina , Soldatova Victoria , Vol'pert Yakov , Korotchenko Irina , Pervyshina Galina
Published: August 2020

The fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in Betula pendula Roth was estimated as an integrated measure of five morphometric characteristics of a lamina. Samples were collected in seven cities that differ both in climatic conditions, moderately to sharply continental. In total, 33 ecotopes were distinguished with various level of anthropogenic load. The statistical data processing involved correlation, one-way and factorial ANOVA, regression analyses, and principal component analysis (PCA). The impact of 25 climatic and anthropogenic factors on the FA value was considered. In most urban ecotopes, the integrated fluctuating asymmetry (IFA) value was higher than in natural biotopes of the same region. No significant inter-annual differences in IFA values were found. FA dependence on traffic load is noted to be statistically significant. The covariation analysis of IFA, climatic, and anthropogenic variables in various urban ecotopes revealed the impact of three groups of factors that together explain 93% of the variance in environmental parameters. The complex analysis clearly arranged the studied ecotopes by pollution gradient and climatic patterns. The primary effect of the total anthropogenic load on the developmental stability of B. pendula results in an IFA increase. IFA can play a key role in bioindication assessment of environmental quality. The climatic factors have no significant effect on the developmental stability of B. pendula in urban conditions.
A Generalization of Binomial Exponential-2 Distribution: Copula, Properties and Applications
Authors: Alotaibi Naif , Malyk Igor V.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we propose a new three-parameter lifetime distribution for modeling symmetric real-life data sets. A simple-type Copula-based construction is presented to derive many bivariate- and multivariate-type distributions. The failure rate function of the new model can be “monotonically asymmetric increasing”, “increasing-constant”, “monotonically asymmetric decreasing” and “upside-down-constant” shaped. We investigate some of mathematical symmetric/asymmetric properties such as the ordinary moments, moment generating function, conditional moment, residual life and reversed residual functions. Bonferroni and Lorenz curves and mean deviations are discussed. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the model parameters. Finally, we illustrate the importance of the new model by the study of real data applications to show the flexibility and potentiality of the new model. The kernel density estimation and box plots are used for exploring the symmetry of the used data.
Adverse Reactions after Administration of Antivenom in Korea
Authors: Shim Jin Seok , Kang Hyunggoo , Cho Yongil , Shin Hyungoo , Lee Heekyung
Published: August 2020

Kovax® antivenom is the main treatment for toxins produced by the Gloydius species. However, research on adverse reactions after Kovax® antivenom administration is scarce. We aimed to identify the incidence and characteristics of adverse reactions after Kovax® antivenom administration. We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of snakebite patients in Korea between January 2008 and September 2019. We identified the frequency, characteristics, and treatments of adverse reactions to Kovax® antivenom. There were 150 patients with snakebites, of whom 121 (80.7%) patients received Kovax® antivenom. Adverse reactions occurred in five patients (4.1%). Acute adverse reactions within 24 h of antivenom administration occurred in two patients (1.7%). The symptoms of patients with acute adverse reactions were nausea, diaphoresis, dizziness, and hypotension. Delayed adverse reactions that occurred 24 h after antivenom administration were reported in three patients (2.5%). One patient had a skin rash after 10 days, and two patients had fever 37 and 48 h after antivenom use. In conclusion, most patients were managed safely after Kovax® antivenom, and the incidence of adverse reactions was low. Severe adverse reactions occurred in a small percentage of patients, and there were no deaths.
Statistical Analysis of Field-Aligned Alfvénic Turbulence and Intermittency in Fast Solar Wind
Authors: Carbone Francesco , Telloni Daniele , Sorriso-Valvo Luca , Zank Gary , Zhao Lingling , Adhikari Laxman , Bruno Roberto
Published: August 2020

The statistical properties of fast Alfvénic solar wind turbulence have been analyzed by means of empirical mode decomposition and the associated Hilbert spectral analysis. The stringent criteria employed for the data selection in the Wind spacecraft database, has made possible to sample multiple k‖ field-aligned intervals of the three magnetic field components. The results suggest that the spectral anisotropy predicted by the critical balance theory is not observed in the selected database, whereas a Kolmogorov-like scaling (E(k‖)∼k−5/3) and a weak or absent level of intermittency are robust characteristics of the Alfvénic slab component of solar wind turbulence.
Intensity and Polarization of Radiation Emerging from Rotating Accretion Disc with Increasing Height
Authors: Silant’ev Nikolai , Alekseeva Galina , Ananjevskaja Yulia , Novikov Viktor
Published: August 2020

We consider the radiation emission in continuum and spectral lines from rotating accretion disc with the progressive increasing height. It is known that for the plane accretion disc with homogeneous atmosphere the wave electric field E is perpendicular to the plane between line of sight n and the normal to the disc N. For the expanding accretion disc the wave electric field from every inclined cone-like part with given azimuthal angle φ has direction perpendicular to the plane between n and local normal N′ to the inclined surface. This behaviour is the consequence of homogeneity of inclined atmosphere and has purely geometrical origin. The geometrical consideration shows that the position angles of polarized radiation in the right and left parts relative to plane (nN) of the inclined accretion disc have opposite values. Therefore, for inclined accretion disc the integral continuum radiation has the usual polarization angle perpendicular to the plane (nN), but smaller degree of polarization and less alongated along the normal N than that for the plane accretion disc. For spectral line, due to the Doppler effect, the polarization (position) angles have opposite signs for the red and blue wings. Such behaviour is frequently observed in Hα-radiation.
Mapping Attenuation Determinants in Enterovirus-D68
Authors: Yeh Ming Te , Capponi Sara , Catching Adam , Bianco Simone , Andino Raul
Published: August 2020

Enterovirus (EV)-D68 has been associated with epidemics in the United Sates in 2014, 2016 and 2018. This study aims to identify potential viral virulence determinants. We found that neonatal type I interferon receptor knockout mice are susceptible to EV-D68 infection via intraperitoneal inoculation and were able to recapitulate the paralysis process observed in human disease. Among the EV-D68 strains tested, strain US/MO-14-18949 caused no observable disease in this mouse model, whereas the other strains caused paralysis and death. Sequence analysis revealed several conserved genetic changes among these virus strains: nucleotide positions 107 and 648 in the 5′-untranslated region (UTR); amino acid position 88 in VP3; 1, 148, 282 and 283 in VP1; 22 in 2A; 47 in 3A. A series of chimeric and point-mutated infectious clones were constructed to identify viral elements responsible for the distinct virulence. A single amino acid change from isoleucine to valine at position 88 in VP3 attenuated neurovirulence by reducing virus replication in the brain and spinal cord of infected mice.
Integrating Climatic and Physical Information in a Bayesian Hierarchical Model of Extreme Daily Precipitation
Authors: Love Charlotte , Skahill Brian , England John , Karlovits Gregory , Duren Angela , AghaKouchak Amir
Published: August 2020

Extreme precipitation events are often localized, difficult to predict, and available records are often sparse. Improving frequency analysis and describing the associated uncertainty are essential for regional hazard preparedness and infrastructure design. Our primary goal is to evaluate incorporating Bayesian model averaging (BMA) within a spatial Bayesian hierarchical model framework (BHM). We compare results from two distinct regions in Oregon with different dominating rainfall generation mechanisms, and a region of overlap. We consider several Bayesian hierarchical models from relatively simple (location covariates only) to rather complex (location, elevation, and monthly mean climatic variables). We assess model predictive performance and selection through the application of leave-one-out cross-validation; however, other model assessment methods were also considered. We additionally conduct a comprehensive assessment of the posterior inclusion probability of covariates provided by the BMA portion of the model and the contribution of the spatial random effects term, which together characterize the pointwise spatial variation of each model’s generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution parameters within a BHM framework. Results indicate that while using BMA may improve analysis of extremes, model selection remains an important component of tuning model performance. The most complex model containing geographic and information was among the top performing models in western Oregon (with relatively wetter climate), while it performed among the worst in the eastern Oregon (with relatively drier climate). Based on our results from the region of overlap, site-specific predictive performance improves when the site and the model have a similar annual maxima climatology—winter storm dominated versus summer convective storm dominated. The results also indicate that regions with greater temperature variability may benefit from the inclusion of temperature information as a covariate. Overall, our results show that the BHM framework with BMA improves spatial analysis of extremes, especially when relevant (physical and/or climatic) covariates are used.
Assessment of Surface Water Quality Using Multivariate Analysis: Case Study of the Crati River, Italy
Authors: Ioele Giuseppina , De Luca Michele , Grande Fedora , Durante Giacomina , Trozzo Raffaella , Crupi Costantino , Ragno Gaetano
Published: August 2020

The water vulnerability of the Crati river (Calabria, Italy), was assessed by applying chemometric methods on a large number of analytical parameters. This study was applied to a data set collected in the years 2015–2016, recording 30 physical–chemical and geological parameters at 25 sampling points, measured both for water and for sediments. The processing of the data by principal component analysis (PCA) allowed for highlighting the influence of the components most responsible for pollution. The accumulation of heavy metals in the water was detected only in two samples near the source of the river. On the contrary, their concentration values in the sediments exceeded the legal limit in several sites, probably due to their proximity to urban areas. In this case, high concentrations of chromium, mercury and nickel were detected both at the mouth of the river and along the valley. Lead was only detected in one sediment sample. The multivariate analysis techniques proved to be very useful to completely characterize the areas surrounding a river course and facilitate the development of a risk map to monitor health risks to the local population.
Rapid and Accurate Validated Potentiometric Method for Bispyribac Herbicide Assessment in Rice and Agricultural Wastewater
Authors: H. Kamel Ayman , Almehizia Abdulrahman A. , Galal Hoda R. , Amr Abd El-Galil E. , Elsayed Elsayed A.
Published: August 2020

A new validated method based on potentiometric transduction for bispyribac herbicide assessment in commercial formulations, rice and wastewater samples is fabricated and characterized. Sensors are based in terms of their fabrication on tridodecyl methyl ammonium chloride (TDMAC) as recognition material. TDMAC was plasticized in a poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix to prepare the membrane. Under static modes of operation, the sensors revealed a Nernstian anionic slope of −63.6 ± 0.7 mV/decade within a linear range of 9.1 × 10−6–1.0 × 10−2 in 50 mM phosphate buffer solution (PBS), pH7. The detection limit was 6.0 × 10−6 M. The sensor was successfully introduced in a flow-stream system revealing a Nernstian response of −53.8 ± 1.3 mV/decade over a linear range of 2 × 10−4–1.0 × 10−2 M and lower detection limit of 5.6 × 10⁻⁵ M. The sampling rate was calculated to be (~42 sample/h). Validation of the assay method is presented in detail including accuracy, trueness, bias, between-day variability and within-day variability, and good performance characteristics of the method are obtained. The presented method was successfully introduced to bispyribac determination in different complex matrices such as commercial bispyribac sodium known as (Nominee-kz, 3% soluble liquid (SL)), rice samples and agricultural wastewater samples. The samples were analyzed successfully under both static and hydrodynamic modes of operation. The results obtained were in a good agreement with those obtained by the liquid chromatographic method.
Development of Pedo-Transfer Functions for the Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Forest Soil in South Korea Considering Forest Stand and Site Characteristics
Authors: Lim Honggeun , Yang Hyunje , Chun Kun Woo , Choi Hyung Tae
Published: August 2020

The saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) is one of the most important soil properties for many hydrological simulation models. Especially in South Korea, analyzing the Ks of the forest soil is essential for understanding the water cycle throughout the country, because forests cover almost two-thirds of the whole country. However, few studies have focused on the forest soil in the temperate climate zone on a nationwide scale. In this study, 1456 forest soil samples were collected throughout South Korea and pedo-transfer functions employed to predict the Ks were developed. The non-linearities of the soil and topographic features were considered with the pretreatment of variables, and the variance inflation factor was used for treating the multicollinearity problem. The forest stand and site characteristics were also categorized by an ANOVA and post hoc test due to their diversity. As a result, the Ks values were different for various forest stands and site characteristics, which was statistically significant. Additionally, the model performance was higher when both soil properties and topographic features were considered. The sensitivity analysis showed that the Ks was highly affected by the bulk density, sand fraction, slope, and upper catchment area. Therefore, the topographic features were as important in predicting the Ks as the soil properties of the forest soil.
Impact of Standing Column Well Operation on Carbonate Scaling
Authors: Cerclet Léo , Courcelles Benoît , Pasquier Philippe
Published: August 2020

Standing column well constitutes a recent promising solution to provide heating or cooling and to reduce greenhouse gases emissions in urban areas. Nevertheless, scaling issues can emerge in presence of carbonates and impact their efficiency. Even though a thermo-hydro-geochemical model demonstrated the impact of the water temperature on carbonate concentration, this conclusion has not been yet demonstrated by field investigations. To do so, an experimental ground source heat pump system connected to a standing column well was operated under various conditions to collect 50 groundwater samples over a period of 267 days. These field samples were used for mineral analysis and laboratory batch experiments. The results were analyzed with multivariate regression and geochemical simulations and confirmed a clear relationship between the calcium concentrations measured in the well, the temperature and the calcite equilibrium constant. It was also found that operating a ground source heat pump system in conjunction with a small groundwater treatment system allows reduction of calcium concentration in the well, while shutting down the system leads to a quite rapid increase at a level consistent with the regional calcium concentration. Although no major clogging or biofouling problem was observed after two years of operation, mineral scales made of carbonates precipitated on a flowmeter and hindered its operation. The paper provides insight on the impact of standing column well on groundwater quality and suggests some mitigation measures.
Inline Pumped Storage Hydropower towards Smart and Flexible Energy Recovery in Water Networks
Authors: Ramos Helena M. , Dadfar Avin , Besharat Mohsen , Adeyeye Kemi
Published: August 2020

Energy and climate change are thoroughly linked since fossil energy generation highly affects the environment, and climate change influences the renewable energy generation capacity. Hence, this study gives a new contribution to the energy generation in water infrastructures by means of an inline pumped-storage hydro (IPSH) solution. The selection of the equipment is the first step towards good results. The energy generation through decentralized micro-hydropower facilities can offer a good solution since they are independent of the hydrologic cycle associated with climate change. The current study presents the methodology and analyses to use water level difference between water tanks or reservoirs in a base pumping system (BPS) to transform it into the concept of a pump-storage hydropower solution. The investigation was developed based on an experimental facility and numerical simulations using WaterGEMS in the optimization of the system operation and for the selection of the characteristic curves, both for the pump and turbine modes. The model simulation of the integrated system was calibrated, and the conceptual IPSH that can be installed was then investigated. The achieved energy for different technical scale systems was estimated using proper dimensional analysis applied to different scaled hydraulic circuits, as well as for hydropower response.
An Improved Immersed Boundary Method for Simulating Flow Hydrodynamics in Streams with Complex Terrains
Authors: Song Yalan , Lai Yong , Liu Xiaofeng
Published: August 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations have gained substantial popularity in recent years for stream flow modelling. The complex terrain in streams is usually represented by a 3D mesh conforming to the terrain geometry. Such terrain-conforming meshes are time-consuming to generate. In this work, an immersed boundary method is developed in an existing terrain-conforming CFD model named U2RANS as an alternative, in which terrains are represented implicitly in the Cartesian background mesh. An improved two-layer wall function is proposed in the framework of the k-ε turbulence model, with the aim of producing accurate and smooth wall shear stress distribution and paving the way for future model development on sediment transport and scour modeling. The improvement overcomes the inherent discontinuity and nonlinearity of the two-layer velocity profile, which causes error in the estimation of shear velocity. The new algorithm utilizes a distance control on the image point in immersed boundary method and a modification of velocity prediction in the laminar layer. The improved immersed boundary method is tested with 1D, 2D, and 3D cases, and comparisons with flume experiments show promising results.
Investigation into Freezing Point Depression in Soil Caused by NaCl Solution
Authors: Ming Feng , Chen Lei , Li Dongqing , Du Chengcheng
Published: August 2020

Engineering practices illustrate that the water phase change in soil causes severe damage to roads, canals, airport runways and other buildings. The freezing point is an important indicator to judge whether the soil is frozen or not. Up to now, the influence of salt on the freezing point is still not well described. To resolve this problem, a series of freezing point tests for saline soil were conducted in the laboratory. Based on the relationship between the freezing point and the water activity, a thermodynamic model considering the excess Gibbs energy was proposed for predicting the freezing point of saline soil by inducing the UNIQUAC (universal quasi-chemical) model. The experimental results show that the initial water content has little influence on the freezing point if the initial water content is higher than the critical water content, while the freezing point decreases with the decrease of the water content if the initial water content is lower than the critical water content. Moreover, it is found that the freezing point is related to the energy status of liquid water in saline soils and it decreases with the increase of the salt concentration. Moreover, the freezing point depression of saline soil is mainly caused by the decrease of water activity. Compared with the other two terms, the residual term, accounting for the molecular interactions, has an obvious influence on the water activity. This result is helpful for understanding how salt concentration affects the freezing point of saline soil and provides a reference for engineering construction in saline soil areas.
Nitrogen Removal for Liquid-Ammonia Mercerization Wastewater via Partial Nitritation/Anammox Based on Zeolite Sequencing Batch Reactor
Authors: Zheng Lei , Chen Yongxing , Zhou Songwei , Chen Yuchen , Wang Xingxing , Wang Xiaojun , Zhang Lijuan , Chen Zhenguo
Published: August 2020

Liquid-ammonia mercerization is commonly used to enhance the quality of cotton fabric in the textile industry, resulting in a large amount of liquid-ammonia mercerization wastewater (LMWW) containing high concentration of ammonia to be disposed of. This study proposes a partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process based on stable nitritation by a zeolite sequencing batch reactor (ZSBR) for the nitrogen removal of LMWW. The ZSBR could quickly achieve stably full nitritation with a nitrite accumulation ratio higher than 97% and an ammonia removal rate of 0.86 kg N·m−3·d−1 for the raw LMWW with an ammonia level of 1490 mg/L. In order to avoid anammox inhibition by free nitrous acid, the ZSBR was successfully changed to PN operation with diluted LMWW for effluent meeting anammox requirements. The next anammox reactor (an up-flow blanket filter (UBF)) realized a total nitrogen removal efficiency of 70.0% with a NLR (nitrogen loading rate) of 0.82 kg N·m−3·d−1 for LMWW. High-throughput sequencing analysis results indicated that Nitrosomonas and Candidatus Kuenenia were the dominant bacteria in ZSBR and UBF, respectively. All results revealed that the PN/A process based on ZSBR as the PN pretreatment process was feasible for LMWW, facilitating cost-effective and low-carbon nitrogen removal for LMWW treatment in the textile industry in the future.
A Novel Lazy Serpent Algorithm for the Prioritization of Leak Repairs in Water Networks
Authors: El-Zahab Samer , Al-Sakkaf Abobakr , Mohammed Abdelkader Eslam , Zayed Tarek
Published: August 2020

Maximizing benefit from budget allocation is a major challenge for municipalities in the modern era. This is especially significant when it comes to infrastructure network management such as water distribution networks. The main challenges of water distribution networks are leakage and leak repairs. Municipalities commonly use first-in-first-out approaches to determine which leaks to allocate budget for first. Yet, the deterioration of leaks is not linear through time and requires a more in-depth assessment of the condition of the leak. Therefore, this article presents two prioritization approaches for the scheduling of leaks while incorporating deterioration over time. This paper proposes and compares two optimization techniques: (1) a well-known genetic algorithm and (2) a novel approach named the Lazy Serpent Algorithm. The Lazy Serpent Algorithm has proved capable of surpassing the genetic algorithm in determining a more optimal order by using much less computation time. The Lazy Serpent Algorithm helps municipalities better distribute their resources to maximize their desired benefits.
Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Environmental Factors, Rice Production, and Water Use Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Shuxuan , Rasool Ghulam , Guo Xiangping , Sen Liang , Cao Kewen
Published: August 2020

Rice is one of the most important food crops in China and is also the largest user of agricultural water. Experiments were conducted for two consecutive years at two locations of Jiangsu province to study the effect of four irrigation methods with four replications (shallow water irrigation (FSI), wet-shallow irrigation (WSI), controlled irrigation (CI), and rain-catching and controlled irrigation (RCCI)) on drainage, rainwater utilization rate, pollutant load of N and P, irrigation water, grain yield, and water use efficiency. The results show that FSI treatment used the largest irrigation amount, which is significantly higher than the other three irrigation methods, but the southern part of Jiangsu province especially Nanjing and riverside areas are relatively rich in water resources. It can be seen from our findings that FSI and RCCI are the best irrigation methods in Nanjing area to get a higher yield. However, the yield of CI treatment varies greatly; the annual and seasonal yield changes of CI treatment are higher than those of other treatments; and the risk of yield reduction is greater. Thus, considering water saving and high efficiency, RCCI is a better irrigation strategy than FSI. Combined with the following analysis, it can be seen that RCCI irrigation treatment has less nitrogen and phosphorus pollution load with no significant difference in yield in Lianshui and in 2017 in Nanjing area. Therefore, RCCI is more suitable for irrigation in Lianshui and similar areas.
The Relationship of Lake Morphometry and Phosphorus Dynamics of a Tropical Highland Lake: Lake Tana, Ethiopia
Authors: Kebedew Mebrahtom G. , Kibret Aron A. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Belete Mulugeta A. , Zimale Fasikaw A. , Steenhuis Tammo S.
Published: August 2020

Lakes hold most of the world’s fresh surface water resources. Safeguarding these resources from water quality degradation requires knowledge of the relationship between lake morphometry and water quality. The 3046-km2 Lake Tana in Ethiopia is one of the water resources in which the water quality is decreasing and water hyacinths have invaded. The objective of this study is to understand the interaction between the lake morphometry and water quality and specifically the phosphorus dynamics and their effect on the water hyacinths. A bathymetric survey was conducted in late 2017. Various morphometric parameters were derived, and both these parameters and sediment available phosphorus were regressed with the dissolved phosphorus. The results show that, with a wave base depth that is nearly equal to a maximum depth of 14.8 m, the bottom sediments were continuously suspended in the water column. As a result of the resuspension mixing, we found that the dissolved phosphorus in the water column decreased with lake depth and increased with sediment available phosphorus (R2 = 0.84) in the northern half of the lake. This relationship is not as strong in the south due to a large flow of Gilgel Abay to the outlets. Water hyacinths were found where the lake was shallow and the available phosphorus was elevated. The large reservoir of sediment phosphorus will hamper any remedial efforts in removing the water hyacinths.
Enhancing Urban Sustainable Indicators in a German City—Towards Human-Centered Measurements for Sustainable Urban Planning
Authors: Kramer Caroline , Wagner Madeleine
Published: August 2020

This contribution demonstrates how more human-centered measurements for sustainable urban planning can be created by enlarging the traditional set of urban sustainability indicators. In many municipal reports, sustainable indicators concentrate on environmental issues, by collecting data at an aggregated spatial and temporal level using quantitative methods. Our approach aims to expand and improve the currently dominant quantitative–statistical methods by including perception geographical data (subjective indicators following the social indicator approach), namely additional indicators at spatial and temporal levels. Including small-scale city district levels and a temporal differentiation produces more process assessments and a better representation of everyday life. Based on a survey we conducted at district levels in the city of Karlsruhe, we cover three sustainability dimensions (ecological, social, economic) and analyze (1) how citizens are mobile in a sustainable way (bike use) and (2) how they perceive and react to heat events in the city. We argue for taking people’s perception and the spatiality and temporality of their daily activities better into account when further developing urban sustainability indicators and when aiming for a sustainable, human-centered urban development.
Educação em direitos humanos na educação básica
Authors: Shoiti Nozu Washington Cesar , Ribeiro Eduardo Adão , Lamera Giesta Cabral Rafael
Published: August 2020

A Educação em Direitos Humanos (EDH) tem sido objeto de estudo, de investigação, de luta e de resistência. No Brasil, o Plano Nacional de EDH representou uma conquista na disseminação das prerrogativas atinentes à dignidade humana e de formação cidadã para a vivência democrática. Em face das múltiplas potencialidades analíticas, o presente artigo objetivou construir indicadores da produção científica brasileira sobre a EDH na Educação Básica, considerando os artigos publicados em duas bases de dados, reconhecidas pela relevância e pelo alcance, a Plataforma de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e a Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). A metodologia fundamentou-se na análise bibliométrica, com levantamento dos dados, por meio de descritores nas plataformas digitais, registro das informações em formato de planilha do software Excel e posterior elaboração de gráficos com os indicadores. Os resultados, que abrangeram publicações de 2004 a 2019, majoritariamente da base CAPES, apontaram uma concentração das pesquisas na região Sudeste; a prevalência de trabalhos em coautoria feminina; a maior utilização de fontes indiretas; que “direitos humanos” foi a palavra-chave de maior incidência; e currículo o tema mais recorrente nos artigos sobre EDH na Educação Básica. Espera-se que o estudo contribua para a compreensão da produção científica na área e promova a construção de pesquisas que aprofundem e ampliem o conhecimento relativo à EDH na Educação Básica.
Paulo Freire e uma prática jornalística emancipatória - decolonial
Authors: De Oliveira Dennis
Published: August 2020

Este artigo faz uma articulação dos conceitos desenvolvidos pelo pensador brasileiro Paulo Freire, articulando com as teorias críticas e decoloniais latino-americanas com o objetivo de sustentar uma proposta conceitual de jornalismo como ação cultural emancipatória. Para tanto, os conceitos clássicos das teorias do jornalismo de caráter liberal são avaliadas criticamente e, assim, fazer propor uma práxis jornalística alternativa baseada nas teorias freireanas e decoloniais que se chamou de “jornalismo emancipatório”.
Dialil Disülfit ve Dialil Trisülfit’in İnsan Prostat Kanser Hücreleri Üzerine Sitotoksik, Genotoksik ve Apoptotik Etkileri
Authors: GÜLER Eray Metin , HİRA Hatice , KALELİ Hümeyra , KOÇYİĞİT Abdurrahim
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Kanser dünya çapında artan bir sağlık sorunu olup, erkeklerde en sık görülen kanser türü olan prostat kanseri, birçok ülke için ikinci ölüm nedenidir. Kanser tedavisinde konvansiyonel yöntemlerin başarısız olması nedeni ile doğal etken maddelerin kullanımı son yıllarda giderek daha fazla ilgi görmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Sarımsak (Allium sativum) etken maddelerinden olan, Dialil Disülfit (DADS) ve Dialil Trisülfit’in (DATS) farklı konsantrasyonlarının insan prostat kanser hücreleri üzerine sitotoksik, genotoksik ve apoptotik etkilerini araştırmaktır.Materyal ve Metot: Bu çalışmada prostat kanser (PC-3) ve sağlıklı prostat epitel hücrelerine (WPMY-1) DADS ve DATS’ın sitotoksik etkisi luminometrik ATP testiyle, genotoksik etkisi alkalen tekli hücre jel elektroforez (Comet Assay) yöntemiyle, apoptotik etkisi akridin turuncusu/etidyum bromür yöntemiyle ölçüldü. Ayrıca, mitokondriyal membran potansiyeli (MMP), hücre içi kalsiyum (Ca2+) ve reaktif oksijen türlerinin (ROS) seviyeleri farklı florometrik yöntemlerle ve glutatyon seviyeleri ise luminometrik yöntem ile tayin edildi. Bulgular: DADS ve DATS doza bağımlı olarak hem kanser hem de normal hücrelerde glutatyon ve MMP seviyelerini anlamlı şekilde düşürürken, sitotoksisite, DNA hasarı, apoptoz, hücre içi Ca2+ ve ROS düzeylerini anlamlı derecede arttırmıştır. Ayrıca, DATS’ın kanser hücreleri üzerine sitotoksik, genotoksik ve apoptotik etkileri sağlıklı hücrelere ve DADS’a göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur.Sonuç: Bulgular, hem DADS hem de DATS’ın prostat kanseri hücrelerinde doza bağlı bir şekilde sitotoksik, genotoksik ve apoptotik etkilere sahip olduğunu ve DATS’ın DADS’a göre daha etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu nedenle, DATS’ın prostat kanseri tedavisi için kullanılabilecek seçeneklerden biri olabileceğini önermekteyiz.
Penerapan Metode Mind Mapping untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Geguritan pada Peserta Didik SMK
Authors: Wantoro Arif Wahyu
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis geguritan dan kualitas proses pembelajaran dengan penerapan metode mind mapping pada peserta didik kelas X Administrasi Perkantoran 2 SMK Negeri 1 Jati Kabupaten Blora. Hasil penelitian adalah penerapan metode mind mapping dapat meningkatkan keterampilan dan  kualitas proses pembelajaran menulis geguritan pada peserta didik kelas X Administrasi Perkantoran 2 SMK Negeri 1 Jati Kabupaten Blora. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari kinerja peserta didik dalam mempersiapkan pembelajaran dengan baik, aktif dalam kegiatan apersepsi, menjawab pertanyaan guru, bertanya kepada guru, menulis geguritan dengan semangat, menciptakan geguritan yang menarik, berperan aktif dalam pembelajaran dan ikut merefleksi dan menyimpulkan kegiatan pembelajaran. Selain itu hasil ketuntasan peserta didik dalam menulis geguritan dari pratindakan 38,7 % ke siklus 1 74,2%   meningkat 35,5% dan dari siklus 1  74,2% ke siklus 2  93,6% meningkat 19,4%. Kriteria ketuntasan minimal yang terdapat di SMKN 1 Jati Kabupaten Blora adalah 75.Kata kunci: keterampilan menulis, geguritan, mind mapping
Penggunaan Strategi Think-Talk-Write untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Teks Eksposisi Peserta Didik Kelas XTP-3 SMK Negeri 2 Sragen Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Yulianti Febti Lita
Published: August 2020

Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana proses pembelajaran, seberapa banyak peningkatan keterampilan menulis teks eksposisi, dan perubahan perilaku peserta didik dengan Strategi Think-Talk-Write pada peserta didik kelas X TP-3 SMK Negeri 2 Sragen.PTK ini dilakukan dua siklus. Terjadi perubahan perilaku belajar dari aspek keaktifan, semangat, kecepatan, kreatif, dan disiplin. Nilai karakter kerja sama, komunikatif, dan percaya diri terlihat baik. Hasil siklus I : 78,67, dengan ketuntasan: 71,87%. Siklus II : 90,1 dengan ketuntasan 90,62 % .Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa Strategi Think-Talk-Write dapat meningkatkan Keterampilan peserta didik dalam materi menulis teks eksposisi.Kata Kunci: Penggunaan, Strategi Think-Talk-Write , Teks Eksposisi
Peningkatan Kemampuan Motorik Halus Anak Melalui Pembelajaran Mewarnai dengan Model Pasar Warna Bagi Anak Kelompok B TK Ratna Siwi Kalinongko Semester I Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Sulistyoati Dwi
Published: August 2020

Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana proses pembelaiaran, seberapa banyak peningkatan kemampuan motorik halus melalui pembelajaran mewarnai gambar, dan minat anak didik dengan model pembelajaran Pasar Warna pada peserta didik kelompok B TK Ratna Siwi Kalinongko. PTK ini dilakukan dua siklus . Subyek penelitian Motorik Halus Anak kelompok B TK Ratna Siwi Kalinongko, berjumlah 20 anak, Tujuan penelitian ini Terjadi perubahan perilaku belajar dari aspek keaktifan, semangat, kreatif .Nilai karakter komunikatif dan percaya diri lebih baik dalam pembelajaran mewarnai gambar dengan model pasar warna. Hasil penelitian, prasiklus hasilnya Berkembang Sangat Baik belum ada, yang Berkembang Sesuai Harapan 2 anak (10%), yang Mulai Berkembang 8 anak (40%), yang Belum Berkembang 10 anak (50%). siklus I hasilnya 70% (14 anak ) tuntas 30%(6 anak) belum tuntas, Siklus ke II hasilnya 95% (17 anak)tuntas dan 5%(1 anak) belum tuntas. Rata rata anak motorik halusnya berkembang sangat baik terbukti anak rata rata sudah terampil dan rapi dalam mewarnai gambar. Hal ini berarti kemampuan motorik halus anak melalui pembelajaran mewarnai gambar dengan model Pasar Warna mengalami peningkatan.Kata kunci : mewarnai Gambar, model pasar warna