bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gestational hypertension and fetal outcome: A prospective study in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Pradhan Susanta , Mallick Snehalatha , Barik Nandita
Published: December 2020

Hypertension in pregnancy is one of the most common threat to the mother and fetus all over the world, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. It is observed more among the nulliparous women and the elderly ladies, with the chronic hypertension superimposed by preeclampsia, increasing the chances of morbidity and mortality in both mother and fetus.

492 pregnant women who had come to the hospital for delivery, and who were diagnosed with hypertension recording a blood pressure of more than 140/90 on at least 2 occasions were included into the study.

The most common age group of the expectant mothers with HTN was 21-30 years. Most of the patients had gestational hypertension or pregnancy induced hypertension, while eclampsia was seen in 4.3% of the cases. Preeclampsia was observed in 12.8% and preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension was seen in 5.3%. The most common outcome was preterm delivery in 39.6% of the cases. Low birth weight was seen in 20.9%, IUGR in 13.4%, NICU admission in 23.4%. Mortality was seen in 5.1% of the cases, with 3.9% being in utero and 1.2% within a week of birth.

Hypertension during pregnancy results in complications leading to severe fetal morbidity and mortality. Thereby, screening of the expectant mothers during gestation would help to identify the condition at the earliest and prevent compilations.
An Automatic Insect Recognition Algorithm in Complex Background Based on Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Xianrong , Chen Gang
Published: December 2020

The existing insect recognition methods mostly segment the target region by traditional classification technology, failing to achieve a high accuracy in complex background. To solve the problem, this paper introduces the morphology-based edgeless active contour strategy to segment insects in complex background. The strategy integrates the morphological operation of gray image, and detects insect contours by narrow-band fast method. To enhance the background diversity of new samples, the authors improved the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) algorithm into a variable weight edge enhancement algorithm. Based on the SMOTE algorithm, the proposed algorithm increases the weight of the edge area as adjacent images are superimposed into a new image, making the background of the new image more complex. Finally, the proposed method was coupled with DenseNet-121 to recognize insects in images with complex background. The results show that the accuracy of the network was nearly 10% higher on the balanced set than on the unbalanced set, suggesting that our method is feasible and accurate.
Odor and Subject Identification Using Electroencephalography Reaction to Olfactory
Authors: Aydemir Onder
Published: December 2020

It is certain that the human brain responds to all kinds of inputs such as feeling, sound, light, and odor. However, to the best of our knowledge, limited works have investigated the response of the human brain to different inputs, especially in eyes-open and eyes-closed (EO & EC) conditions. Due to its fine temporal resolution, portability, noninvasiveness, and low set-up costs, electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the most practical way to evaluate the response of the brain to different inputs. In this study, the brain reactions to olfactory were analyzed, and two identifications were done, which were odor and subject. The brain reactions were captured by EEG from five healthy subjects during smelling of valerian, lotus flower, cheese, and rosewater odors in EO & EC conditions. We tested band power, statistical data, Hjorth parameters, and autoregressive model features and achieved the highest average classification accuracy rates of 96.94% and 99.34% for odor and subject identifications, respectively. The obtained results proved that the olfactory response of the human brain in EO & EC conditions can be reliably used for odor and subject identifications.
Superpixel-Based Minimum Noise Fraction Feature Extraction for Classification of Hyperspectral Images
Authors: Beirami Behnam Asghari , Mokhtarzade Mehdi
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a novel feature extraction technique called SuperMNF is proposed, which is an extension of the minimum noise fraction (MNF) transformation. In SuperMNF, each superpixel has its own transformation matrix and MNF transformation is performed on each superpixel individually. The basic idea behind the SuperMNF is that each superpixel contains its specific signal and noise covariance matrices which are different from the adjacent superpixels. The extracted features, owning spatial-spectral content and provided in the lower dimension, are classified by maximum likelihood classifier and support vector machines. Experiments that are conducted on two real hyperspectral images, named Indian Pines and Pavia University, demonstrate the efficiency of SuperMNF since it yielded more promising results than some other feature extraction methods (MNF, PCA, SuperPCA, KPCA, and MMP).
Reflexive discourse of project activities: after intercultural project «Rilke and Russia»
Authors: Kostrova O. A.
Published: December 2020

The intercultural project was executed by the German department of Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education together with colleges from the Ludwigsburg Pedagogical Institute (Germany). We have realized the Project in two directions: as a compact seminar for German and Russian students and as professional development for Russian teachers of German. In the paper I analyze a new research subject: the arts of reflective discourse during activities in foreign language. I observe two arts of reflective discourse: one of them is setting perspective and another one gives reflectional estimate. I develop the conception of role subject in the intercultural discourse. The main consideration is given to criterions that distinguish discourse analyze from text analyze, that are categories of subject and its role status and relationship between discourse formations. In discourse formations I find out conceptual dominants that I determine by the frequency of their representants. I also find out language expressional reflecting means by Russian and German role subjects and compare estimating utterances from the viewpoint of intercultural differences. As research material I use hand made notes of oral utterances done by role subjects (moderators and learners) to set perspective or to give reflectional estimate as well as 28 written reflectional texts of students and teachers. The findings of my research show distinctive features of reflectional discourse in intercultural project activities: their direction to own activities and to activities of learners; broadening of learners activities who form recipients expectations in perception of project products; implicit retrospective character of prospective discourse formations that summarize preliminary work concerning the project; the possibility of written hold of estimated opinions and of comparison of their content and language appearance in discourse formations; dominant estimating concepts of intercultural project by role subjects.
‘Thare is na leid on life of lordship hym like’: linguistic means of depicting king arthur in the poem Golagros and Gawain
Authors: Stoliarova A. G.
Published: December 2020

It has recently been marked that the figure of king Arthur in Scottish literature is rather controversial: on the one hand, Arthur is a noble and valiant knight; on the other hand, he is an arrogant invader whose aim is to conquer the whole world. The contradictory nature of the figure of the legendary king results from the differences between English and Scottish political mythology: in Scotland by the late Middle Ages there had been developed its own legendary history, and the historical myth about Arthur as a king of the whole Britain had been interpreted as a threat to the national sovereignty. The paper focuses on the analysis of linguistic means of depicting king Arthur in one of the two surviving Scottish Arthurian romances, Golagros and Gawain written in the XVth century by an anonymous author. Golagros and Gawain continues the tradition of Middle English alliterative revival in Scotland in a local variety of the English language; the diction and style of this tradition are characterized by the use of substantive epithets, formulas, attributive complexes with alliterating elements. The research has shown that in Golagros and Gawainking Arthur is depicted as an honorable and generous, almost ideal ruler who returns to Golagros the independence he had earlier been deprived of. Kings dignity and nobility are emphasized in the poem with the help of traditional linguistic means of alliterative poetry: the qualities expressed in attributes are repeated several times with variations in poetic formulas and fixed in substantive epithets.
Phraseology of urs widmer: example of one literary text
Authors: Stikhina I. A.
Published: December 2020

The article focuses on the heterogeneity of the terminology of phraseological research and on the relevance of understanding phraseology as a set of characteristic ways of linguistic expression by an individual author. The aim of the research is to reveal the peculiarities of the phraseology of the Swiss German-speaking author Urs Widmer (19382014) on the basis of a particular work a series of miniatures called Berufe! (Professions!). The object of the research is the phraseological units of a given text, and the tasks are the systematization of phraseological units, the determination of the features of their modifications, the establishment of the role of phraseological units in the artistic semantics of the text. The systematization of phraseological units leads to the selection of two main groups unmodified and modified phraseological units. The modified phraseological units, in turn, in accordance with the classification of G. Burger, are divided according to the methods of modification and analyzed using several examples. It is revealed that unmodified phraseological units prevail in the text, and among the modified ones, the main ones are formal-semantic and semantic methods of modification. G. Burger's classification turns out to be the most appropriate way to organize the author's modifications of phraseological units in a literary work, since, based on the principle of semantic marking, it distinguishes a formal-semantic type of modifications that combines both structural and semantic shifts. The article also analyzes the influence of phraseological units and their modifications on the semantic and stylistic features of a literary text. It is revealed that phraseological units contribute to the creation of features of the spoken style, the reception of the stream of consciousness and the formation of the general expressive tonality of the work. It is also confirmed that phraseological units, due to their ambivalent nature, become generators of the language game that arises when they are modified. The results of the language game are the creation of a comic effect, the effect of ironic distancing and the transfer of the author's expressive evaluative position. The article outlines as further research prospects the possibility of determining the features of the phraseology of the author within the framework of his literary work as a whole.
Structural features and specifics of abbreviations in the professional discourse (vocabulary of the nuclear industry reviewed)
Authors: Feldman N. B.
Published: December 2020

The article identifies three principles of classification of initial and mixed abbreviations relating to the vocabulary of the nuclear industry: according to their lexical and grammatical category (appellatives, nomens, onyms), their pronunciation (alphabetism and acronyms) and their origin (proper and borrowed abbreviations). The types and characteristics of abbreviations are studied by means of the descriptive, contextual, pragmatic and structural methods in order to identify their specific features which are likely to denote the abbreviations of the professional discourse. The sample language material includes the vocabulary of the nuclear industry. The outcomes of the research make it possible to draw the following conclusions about the general and specific characteristics of abbreviations in professional discourse: 1) according to the communicative-discursive approach, the abbreviation process ensures the success of a communicative act providing the idea to be short and clear; 2) the use of abbreviations outside the professional discourse can lead to communicative failure due to the existing discursive antinomy friend or foe that defines professional language users and people irrelevant to the professional discourse; 3) the abbreviations-appellatives are likely to predominate due to long-word terms as a characteristic of a developing industry and a young terminological system; 4) the numerical or alphabetic part of abbreviations is seen as their specific features that can make sense for professionals and absolutely vague for the rest of native speakers; 5) abbreviations-onyms, including ergonyms and chrematonyms, follow the general linguistic trends; 6) alphabetisms come over acronyms that is non-typical for Modern Russian and is caused by a great number of long-word terms, often including abbreviations with hard-to-pronounce sound combinations, as well as preserving the informational significance of components or provoking homonymous repulsion processes.
Urban periphery. The problem of spontaneous growth of the territory of Samara in the second half of the XIX – early XX century
Authors: Chepurnova E. I.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the development of Samaras urban space in the focus of the formation and development of urban periphery. The factor of spontaneity in the formation of urban space is considered. The second half of the XIX early XX centuries was characterized by a rapid growth of the urban population, which led to the formation of new settlements near city. The demarcation and construction of new suburban settlements was carried out by residents without the consent of the city authorities. The purpose of this article is to analyze the factor of spontaneity in the formation and development of urban space. The influence of spontaneous suburbs on the urban space of Samara and the formation of its socio-cultural identity is analyzed. The research is based on the subject field of historical urbanism and is on an interdisciplinary and socio-cultural approach. The source base of the research is the office documentation of city authorities. The ways of solving the problem of spontaneous construction in Samara at the beginning of the XX century are considered. The emergence of spontaneous suburbs was the result of the authorities untimely response to overpopulation of urban space during a period of rapid economic growth and shortsightedness in planning urban areas. Most often, migrants built residential houses on the lands of the industrial zone, which, along with the inaccessibility of urban communications and overcrowded irregular development, led to unsanitary conditions and outbreaks of diseases. At the same time, the poverty of the local population influenced the growth of deviant forms of behavior and contributed to the formation of a rural look of peripheral areas. All this adversely affected the urban space as a whole. In this regard, the solution of the problem of spontaneous suburbs for the city authorities was equated with the improvement of the urban environment and the improvement of its quality.
Pedagogical aspect of adolescent social adaptation
Authors: Yarushkin N. N. , Satonina N. N. , Khabibov S. M.
Published: December 2020

In the authors the article are dedicated to identifying the peculiarities of pedagogical activities aimed at optimizing the social adaptation of adolescents from single-parent families. Internal and external factors that contribute to this type of adaptation are defined. Teachers attention is drawn to the significant differences in the processes of social adaptation of adolescents from full and part-time families, which is important to take into account in their pedagogical techniques and methods of work associated with the correction of some adverse effects of social disadaptation of adolescents from single-parent families.
Comparative study of the communicative behavior of Russians in comparison with Chinese
Authors: Yan, An,
Published: December 2020

The contradictory situation of globalization and active business contacts between the citizens of Russia and China is formed with insufficient mutual acquaintance of the participants of communication with the linguistic, cultural and behavioral differences in the mentalities of both ethnic groups. The study of these differences facilitates both direct understanding of someone elses utterance, and the creation of positive contacts that are not burdened by conflict factors. In these conditions, it is particularly important to know the set of verbal and non-verbal means of utterance of Russian and Chinese-speaking participants in communication, including phraseological and label-gesture features. The main concept of kinesics is that the faces of people are no less than their words, you can judge many, including their current psychological and emotional state. The study of nonverbal means of communication is based on the idea that each of the attributes of the body, be it shape, size, etc., acquires its own meaning under certain conditions. Author it is concluded that it is necessary to combine the actual linguistic and communicative skills of those who communicate with their creative comprehension, comparing them with the corresponding phenomena in their native language and native culture.
Using the novelty’s semantics in advertising texts for presenting the quality of goods
Authors: Vazhdaeva E. A.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the functioning of lexemes new, innovation, novelty, in a new way, updated. Words are in advertising texts, one way or another, informing about the high quality of the advertised product. The material for this article is about 500 units of the largest database of advertising videos of the Rusreklama channel on the website youtube.ru. The object of promotion is cars and smartphones. The most frequent patterns of using the lexeme new are revealed. The most frequent dictionary meanings of the word new, which are used in advertising texts, have been determined. The analysis shows that in advertising communication to promote an advertising object, all available dictionary meanings of the word new and semantically related words are used. The choice of these or those lexical and semantic variants of these words in one or another case depends on the goal pursued by the advertiser and the tactics that he uses in this case. Despite the exclusively pragmatic orientation of the advertising discourse, as shown by the study of lexemes with the meaning of novelty, the text fully uses the semantic potential of linguistic units, which makes it possible to implement various speech methods of influencing the consumer in relation to different objects of advertising.
Scientific substantiation of the regional development strategy of the PRC in the second half of the XX century (based on the works of Chinese economists Ma Hong and Li Jingwen)
Authors: Makeeva S. B.
Published: December 2020

Based on the analysis of the main works of famous Chinese scholars Ma Hong and Li Jingwen, the article presents scientific conclusions on the implementation of the strategy of socio-economic regional development of the PRC in the second half of the XX century in the following areas: a comprehensive assessment of the policy of reforms and openness, analysis of rationalization of economic management systems, research on inter-regional competition and prospects for the development of a socialist commodity economy. In Chinese historiography, the issues of strategic socio-economic transformations are reflected in the monographs of various scholars of historians, economists, geographers An Husen, Wang Shenjing, Ye Yumin, Ren Baoping, Liu Weidong, Sun Jiuwen, Sun Shangqing, Wu Shuqing, Cao Yuhoy, Jing Yuejun, Zhang Wenzhong, Zhang Xiaolei and Cheng Bidin, as well as on the pages of magazines such as Jingji Guancha (Economic Observation), Zhongguo Gune Jinji (Industrial Economy of China), Chengshi Guihua (Urban Planning), Quuyu Jinji Pinglun (Regional Economic review), Guotszi venti Yanji (Research International), Zhongguo shi di byantszyan Yanji (Study of history and geography of Chinas border areas). The purpose of this article is to identify the features of the scientific justification of socio-economic transformations in China in the second half of the XX century Chinese scholars economists Ma Hong and Li Jingwen. To achieve this goal, using the method of logical and concrete analysis of the main works of leading Chinese economists, patterns were identified in the scientific justification for the implementation of the strategy of socio-economic regional development of the PRC in the second half of the XX century. At the end of the XX century, Chinese economists in their research focused on the study of regional features of implementation of the policy of reform and openness, while using the results of their research activities in the process of managing regional economic projects of the PRC.
Types of derivatives with prefix mega- in synchronic and diachronic perspectives
Authors: Shapovalenko E. V.
Published: December 2020

The article describes different types of derivatives with the prefix mega- in the English language in terms of word-formation meanings. The study of the component of ancient Greek origin functioning in a synchronic and diachronic perspective made it possible to establish the reasons and describe the mechanisms of its further derivational transformations in English language. In the receiving language, the adjective έ undergoes cross-level conversion and is used as a prefix element in various derivatives. The quantitative semantics that is genetically inherent in the component is implemented as a part of terminological units in which the prefix acts as a term element. In other types of discourse, the quantitative identification function is combined with the function of evaluation. In derivatives related to popular science or commercial discourse, the prefix mega- serves to distinguish an object from a number of similar ones and marks it as an exceptional phenomenon. The method of profiling used in the analysis made it possible to describe the internal mechanism of word-formation meanings of derivatives with the prefix mega-. Contextual analysis and survey of informants (native English speakers) allowed for differentiation between the meaning of mega- and super- prefixes used in the evaluation function. It has been found that in English derivatives, the prefix mega- marks the highest degree of the quality and is attached to the bases, which referents could be evaluated in the terms of quantitative characteristics. The addition of the prefix super- is not related to parametric characteristics in the meaning of the root morpheme, which determines its assessment by native speakers as a marker of a lower degree of evaluated quality.
Gall Stones in Acute Pancreatitis - A Prospective Study
Authors: Gandikota Venkata Prakash , Nutulapati Tharaka Mourya , Gangapalli Purushotham , Korchapati Ajay Babu , Boddukura Sahithi Priya , Sundar Madan , Mundlapudi Jahnavi , Chinnaraju T.N. Chandra
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND Multiple practice guidelines from different American and European societies recommend index hospitalization cholecystectomy following an episode of gallstone pancreatitis. We wanted to analyse the outcome of patients presenting with acute pancreatitis in the presence of gall stones, analyse the sensitivity and specificity of liver function tests in early prediction of acute biliary pancreatitis and establish the advantages of early intervention in acute biliary pancreatitis. METHODS This is a prospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital for a period of 12 months among 100 cases of acute pancreatitis who presented with abdominal pain with serum amylase level 3 times the normal limits in the absence of hypercalcemia or hyperlipidaemia. Presence of gallstones was confirmed on ultrasonography. Patients were subjected to preoperative ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy. Intraoperative and postoperative morbidity and mortality, and postoperative hospital stay were reported. RESULTS Gall stones were the cause of pancreatitis in 16 out of 100 cases (16 %). Male to female ratio was 1 : 3. Mean occurrence of age was 51.1 years. Preoperative ERCP was done 10 cases (63 %). Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy was performed in all the 16 cases (100 %) of which 12 cases (75 %) underwent Lap cholecystectomy in the same admission and 4 cases were subjected to interval cholecystectomy. 1 case was converted to open procedure. Post-operative complications include nausea and vomiting in 2 cases, chest infection in 2 and bile leak in 1. CONCLUSIONS Management of acute pancreatitis in the presence of gallstones requires prompt diagnosis and timely intervention. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be safely performed for mild to moderate acute biliary pancreatitis after clinical and biochemical resolution of the attack during the same admission with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates. This strategy will lead to reducing the recurring acute biliary pancreatitis, number of admissions and hospital stay. KEYWORDS Acute Pancreatitis, Gallstones, LFT, Lipase, Amylase, ERCP, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study to Evaluate the Effect of Once Daily Dose of Tadalafil (5 mg) vs. On-Demand Tadalafil (10 mg) on International Index for Erectile Function (IIEF) Score
Authors: Ali N. Imdad , Sankhe Paresh , T.H.S Ravishankar
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND Erectile dysfunction is a common condition affecting middle and old age men throughout the world. Tadalafil is preferred by many urologists as well as patients because of its long half-life. Tadalafil on demand was compared with daily dosing in many studies. We wanted to conduct the study in south India at a tertiary care medical center to study the effect of tadalafil daily (5 mg) vs. on demand (10 mg) and check its efficacy with the IIEF scoring system. METHODS Patients were randomised into two groups using simple randomization chit box method. Allocation concealments was done by sealed enveloped method. Before starting treatment IIEF scoring was done for both groups. Group A was given once-daily 5 mg tadalafil. The group B was given 10 mg tadalafil before sexual activity. All patients under either of the two medication regimens for a period of 12 wks. and assessment done at 4 wks. and 12 wks. interval. Both the patient and the examiner was blinded to the randomisation of the subjects. Scoring scale is 1 to 30 which is divided into five groups of sever, moderate, mild to moderate, mild, and no dysfunction for score of 0 - 10, 11 - 16, 17 - 21, 22 - 25, and 26 - 30 respectively. RESULTS Tadalafil 5 mg OD has statistically significant better result when compared with IIEF score after 4 wks. with percentage improvement of 21.12 % when compared to baseline, with a P value of < 0.0001. In group II tadalafil 10 mg on demand shows statistically significant results when IIEF score baseline was compared with that after 4 wks. When group I compared with group II for mean difference of score after 4 wks. group I shows statistically significant improvement with P value 0.017 (< 0.05). When compared with score after 16 wks. with baseline both group I and II shows statistically significant improvement in IIEF score. But group I which shows mean difference in score of 5.40 (42.05 % improvement from baseline) is a statistically significant difference (p value - 0.0001) when compared to group II which shows mean difference of score at 16 wks. as 2.73 (20.71 % improvement from baseline). CONCLUSIONS Tadalafil 5 mg daily provides significant increase in IIEF score as compared to on demand 10 mg tadalafil. We need longer duration of study the side effects in each group. KEYWORDS Tadalafil, IIEF, Once a Day, On Demand, Erectile Dysfunction
The Digital Divide and Constitutional Guarantees of the Digital Equality
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional, Administrative, and Civil Procedure of the Ulyanovsk State University PhD (Law), Artemova Svetlana T. , Zhiltsov Nikolay A. ,   Rector of the International Law Institute PhD (Law), Professor, Cherdakov Oleg I. ,   Vice Rector for Research and Innovations of the International Law Institute LL.D., Professor
Published: December 2020

The article presents the author’s position on digital inequality, which was called the “digital divide”, and ways to overcome it in Russia. The authors, based on the provision of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, prove that in our country there is a systematic work to overcome digital inequality, for which legal and other tools are used.
The Mystery of Chapter 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation or Who Saved the Russian Prosecutor’s Office from Liquidation in 1993
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Constitutional and Administrative Law of the Togliatti State University, Vlasova Maria A.
Published: December 2020

Until 2014, Chapter 7 of the Russian Constitution was called “Judicial Power”, and it lacked the word “prosecutor’s office”, which caused a lot of bewilderment in the scientific and educational literature and turned the content of Chapter 7 into a kind of mystery, about which various hypotheses have been expressed. The article reveals the role of A.I. Kazannik in preserving the Russian prosecutor’s office.
Does Russia Need the State Ideology?
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Academy of Labour and Social Relations (AL&SR) LL.D., Sergeev Aleksey A.
Published: December 2020

The article continues the discussion of recent years regarding the constitutional ban on the establishment of state or mandatory ideology in Russia. History shows that the state ideology, which did not master the minds of people in an honest and open contest with other views and doctrines, but introduced from above, at a turning point surrendered its position without a fight and turned out to be unable to defend the values that it proclaimed. The author of the article notes the cyclical changes in the spiritual life of the country and reflects on what ideological principles are in demand today in the Russian legal system.
Renovation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Head of the Department of Constitutional and International Law of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Trusov Nikolay A.
Published: December 2020

In the article, the author, starting from the provision of the stabilizing function of the constitution, discusses the Constitutional Reform of 2020, the cornerstone of which was the adoption of the fifth Law of the Russian Federation on the amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation “On improving regulation of certain issues of organizing public power” and the publication of its new text, taking into account amendments. The author of the article calls this renovation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and gives arguments about the signs of renovation of the Constitution. One of the author’s conclusions is that changing the Constitution is an objective and natural process, and the “renovation of the Constitution” that took place in 2020 is not a threat, but a condition for implementing the stabilizing function of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
The Constitutional Reform of Local Self-Government: The Unity of Public Government as a New Universal Principle of Arranging of Local Self-Government
Authors:   Head of the Department of Administrative Law, Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of the Law Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU) LL.D., Peshin Nikolay L.
Published: December 2020

The article reviews the influence of Law of the Russian Federation on the Amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation No. 1-ФКЗ of March 14, 2020, On the Improvement of the Regulation of Some Issues of the Organization and Functioning of Public Government on the constitutional model of local self-government. The author studies the opportunities for building of unified public government and the unity of public government as a new universal principle of arranging of local self-government. The paper offers forecasts concerning further development of local self-government, change in the status of its agencies.
The Freedom of Religion and Entrepreneurship: In Search of a Constitutional Law Balance
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of the Law Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Scherbinin Arseniy A.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the key problems that public authorities face in their law enforcement practice when the question arises of the relationship between freedom of religion and freedom of entrepreneurial activity, as well as the search for an optimal solution in order to establish a fair balance between them.
Scientific Concepts of a Deputy’s Mandate: Apology and Criticism
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of the Siberian Institute of Management — Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration PhD (Law), Leonenko Natalya T.
Published: December 2020

The article studies the genesis of the deputy’s mandate institution. The relevancy of this subject is determined by the imperfection of the legal regulation of the institution under study; absence of clarity in its implementation; modernization of public law relations. The public government structure and the general democracy system largely depend on which type of mandate will be preferred in the Russian representative system. The purpose of the article is the research of the legal nature of the institution of mandate of a deputy of representative public government authorities and various aspects of this problem using formal legal, historical, comparative legal and logical methods.
Interpretation of Equality of Rights in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the Practice of the Canadian Supreme Court
Authors:   Chief Research Scientist of the Department of Human Rights of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISL RAS) LL.D., Associate Professor, Vasilyeva Tatyana A.
Published: December 2020

The Canadian system of human rights protection is an original one. The Supreme Court of Canada is one of the most influential constitutional review bodies in the field of human rights. At the time of its adoption, the Canadian Charter of rights and freedoms had the broadest catalog of equality rights in Western countries, formed on the basis of the Bill of rights and provincial human rights codes case-law, as well as the activities of political movements and groups of equality advocates who played a decisive role in its drafting. In Canada, a distinction is made between the enumerated in Charter and analogous grounds of discrimination established by court. The plaintiffs may claim differences on the basis of the enumerated or analogous grounds, or indicate the necessity to establish new analogous grounds. Article 15 (the right to equality) is recognized as one of the most conceptually complex provisions of the Charter. It is aimed at ensuring equality in the process of law drafting and implementation, as well as protecting human dignity. The Supreme Court of Canada is considering the provisions of the first part 1 of article 15, which enshrines the right to equality, and part 2 of this article, which provides for affirmative actions to assist disadvantaged groups as interrelated, reflecting the understanding of equality according to which affirmative actions are considered not as an exception, but as one of its best manifestations.
Multinational People in the Russian Constitutional Law System of Government
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Administrative Law of the Sevastopol State University PhD (Law), Vasilyev Stanislav A. , Zenin Sergey S. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) Leading Research Scientist of the Department of Theory of State and Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law of the South Ural State University (National Research University) PhD (Law),Associate Professor
Published: December 2020

Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) Leading Research Scientist of the Department of Theory of State and Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law of the South Ural State University (National Research University) PhD (Law),Associate Professor
The Investigating Judge — an Unnecessary Institution
Authors:   PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Karetnikov Aleksandr S. , Koretnikov Sergey A. ,   Attorney at the MTSKA Moscow Central Bar Association
Published: December 2020

The article justifies the conclusion that this institution is unnecessary as, first, all judges in the sphere of criminal proceedings are now in fact investigating judges, second, its appearance will not change the existing practice of predominant satisfaction of motions of pre-trial investigation authorities.
On Resistance Against Persons Facilitating Administration of Justice: Possible Types, Consequences
Authors:   Head of the Department of Criminal Procedure of the Saint-Petersburg University of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation LL.D., Professor, Kutuev Eldar K. , Latypov Vadim S. ,   Deputy Head of the Department of Criminal Procedure of the Ufa Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation PhD (Law), Associate Professor
Published: December 2020

In this article, the authors attempt to analyze the types of counteraction provided against persons who assist in the administration of justice and determine the possible consequences of such impact. Such concepts as “assistance”, “counteraction”, “abuse of rights”are considered. The author argues for the need to ensure the safety of this category of persons by introducing an independent Chapter in the Criminal procedure code of the Russian Federation devoted to measures to ensure the safety of participants in criminal proceedings and other persons, similar to the procedural legislation of the Republic of Belarus.
On Constitutional Justice in Germany and Spain: The Foreign Experience
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines of the Kazan Branch of the Russian State University of Justice PhD (Law), Garifullina Alsu R.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the organizational and legal structure of constitutional courts in Germany and Spain. The Constitutional Court of each of the considered European states has its own individual characteristics. The organizational and legal structure of the constitutional justice carried out in these states is distinguished by an internal specific organization and competencies assigned to both judges and the apparatus of constitutional courts, which allows us to speak of the high importance of the implementation of constitutional justice.
On the Development of the Electronic Court System of Mongolia
Authors:   Teaching Assistant of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure and Private International Law of the Law Institute of the Peoples` Friendship University of Russia (PFUR) PhD (Law), Gronik Irina
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to the study of materials on the development of the electronic judicial system in Mongolia. It was revealed that there is an urgent need in the country to expand the range of public services provided to citizens in electronic form by using smart devices, regardless of the time and place of their location. It is noted that a number of issues related to the quality and timeliness of the implementation of e-justice, the timing of legal proceedings, insufficient awareness of citizens about the activities of the judicial system, unsatisfactory work of the courts, etc., are in the development stage.
Los framers en serio: el originalismo y su impacto en la interpretación constitucional
Authors: Pazo Pineda Oscar Andrés
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo se relaciona con la interpretación de la Constitución, particularmente de lo que algunos teóricos han denominado el “originalismo”. De esta forma, serán objeto de estudio tanto el contexto histórico en que este movimiento surgió, como los factores que lo propiciaron. En el desarrollo de esta labor, se advertirá que existen distintas formas de entender lo que el originalismo significa, y que no necesariamente todos los partidarios de esta corriente entienden la interpretación jurídica de la misma forma. Finalmente, se hará referencia a las principales críticas que ha recibido, sobre todo de aquellos que consideran que la Constitución debe ser entendida como un instrumento vivo, que debe adecuarse a las necesidades de cada sociedad.
GEMİADAMLARININ ÇALIŞMA ALANLARINDA ÇATIŞMA SEBEPLERİ ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: ERTÜRK Egemen
Published: December 2020

Gemi, birçok sebeple diğer iş alanlarından çok farklı çalışma alanıdır. Yaşam ve çalışma alanlarının aynı olması, mesai sonrası gidip rahatlayacak bir yerin eksikliği, aile ve arkadaşlardan uzak olma ve yüksek bir hiyerarşik düzene sahip organizasyon yapısı gemiyi diğer çalışma alanlarından farklı kılmaktadır. Gemiler, uyumlu çalışmanın sadece iş performansı değil, can ve mal güvenliğini de yakından ilgilendirdiği çalışma alanlarıdır. Ancak, çatışmaya gebe olan bu şartlar mevcut iken, bir iş yeri olarak gemi ve gemiadamları arasında çıkan çatışmaların sebepleri bu literatürde henüz incelenmemiştir. Bu sebeple, çalışmada, gemilerde çatışma oluşmasına mahal veren faktörlerin tespiti amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç için aktif olarak gemide görev alan zabitlerle yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar uygulanarak iş yerindeki çatışmaların sebepleri tespit edilmiştir. Zabitler ile yapılan 18 mülakatta, toplam 29 çatışma sebebi tespit edilmiş olup, bu sebeplerden öne çıkanlar “kültür-etnik köken-din”, “hiyerarşi”, “yemek”, ve “çalışma saatleri” olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, sadece özel çalışma koşulları olan gemi gibi bir çalışma ortamında doğabilecek çeşitli çatışma sebepleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu tespitler gemilerde yaşanan çatışmaların daha iyi anlaşılması, çözülmesi ve önlenmesi gibi hususlarda yardımcı olabilecek olmanın yanı sıra, iş yeri çatışmaları literatürü için de önemli bir katkı sağlamaktadır.
Scienciometric outlook of the biotechnology in the agricultural and agroindustrial sector
Authors: Laverde Laverde Maria Alejandra , Delgado Hurtado Carolina , Rengifo Rodas Carlos Felipe
Published: December 2020

This article presents Scientometrics as a major element in quantitatively addressing the study of a field of knowledge. This study seeks to combine complementarily and integrally the bibliometry with the technological outlook to obtain an image of the current state of biotechnology in a specific area. This contributes with a trend-setting in a socially relevant sector that currently addresses global challenges such as climate change and energy and food security. Through a bibliometric study, it determines the dynamics of the scientific production, key authors, country participation and language trends in the domain of Biotechnology in the agricultural and agro-industrial sectors. In addition, a technological outlook is presented, in which, based on the analysis of trends in patents, the innovative state of the area is established. The main result is associated with the dynamics of scientific production, which according to the Lotka law; states that the percentage of authors who produce N articles is inversely proportional to a power of N. The technological outlook is consistent with the Latin American studies, concluding that, despite of the increasing dynamics, there is a poor development of technology in the sector.
A desjudicialização e os tabelionatos de protesto: a proposta de Emenda Constitucional 180 de 2015 e o Multi-door Courthouse System
Authors: Markman Debora , Lúcio Garcez Calil Mário
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a função socioeconômica dos tabelionatos de protesto, no contexto do sistema de múltiplas portas, surgido nos Estados Unidos, utilizado para justificar a Proposta de Emenda Constitucional número 180 de 2015, que se dirige a inserir, no Art. 5º da Constituição Federal, o dever do Poder Público de fomentar mecanismos extrajudiciais de resolução de conflitos de interesse, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, de caráter qualitativo. Utilizou-se, na escrita, o procedimento dedutivo. Justifica-se a pesquisa, pela necessidade de se encontram alternativas mais céleres e econômicas à jurisdição.
O controle de constitucionalidade a posteriori das leis pelo conselho constitucional francês
Authors: Bourget Renaud , Tonetto Fernanda Figueira
Published: December 2020

Em março de 2010 entra em vigor na França a revisão constitucional de 23 de julho de 2008 e, com ela, nasce o instituto da Questão Prioritária de Constitucionalidade (Question prioritaire de constitucionalité ou QPC), verdadeiro divisor de águas do sistema de controle de constitucionalidade francês, uma vez que até então o controle preventivo era o único existente. Desse modo, antes da reforma constitucional, não era possível contestar a constitucionalidade de uma lei que já havia entrado em vigor. Partindo desse aspecto, o presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o novel instituto do QPC, bem como as novas conformações do Conselho Constitucional francês, que entrou na paisagem jurisdicional e passou a atuar como verdadeiro juiz constitucional.
A Reflective Conversation With Professor Louis Markos About Myths And The Humanities?
Authors: Shaughnessy Michael F.
Published: December 2020

Louis Markos holds a BA in English and History from Colgate University and an MA and PhD in English from the University of Michigan. He is a Professor of English and Scholar in Residence at Houston Baptist University, where he holds the Robert H. Ray Chair in Humanities and teaches courses on British Romantic and Victorian Poetry and Prose, the Greek and Roman Classics, C. S. Lewis, and J. R. R. Tolkien. He is the author of twenty books, including The Myth Made Fact: Reading Greek and Roman Mythology through Christian Eyes, Ancient Voices: An Insiderâ€™s Look at Classical Greece, On the Shoulders of Hobbits: The Road to Virtue with Tolkien and Lewis, Apologetics for the Twenty First Century, From Achilles to Christ: Why Christians Should Read the Pagan Classics, Lewis Agonistes: How C. S. Lewis can Train us to Wrestle with the Modern and Postmodern World, Atheism on Trial, and The Dreaming Stone and In the Shadow of Troy, childrenâ€™s novels in which his kids become part of Greek Mythology and the Iliad and Odyssey. He has produced two lecture series on C. S. Lewis and literary theory with The Teaching Company/Great Courses, published 300 book chapters, essays, and reviews, given well over 300 public lectures in some two dozen states as well as Rome, Oxford, and British Columbia, and had his adaptations of The Iphigenia in Tauris of Euripides, The Helen of Euripides, and The Electra of Sophocles performed off-Broadway. He is committed to the concept of the Professor as Public Educator and believes that knowledge must not be walled up in the Academy but must be disseminated to all who have ears to hear. Visit his amazon author page at amazon.com/author/louismarkos    In this interview he responds to questions about his latest book!