bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF EFFICACY AND ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS OF MONOTHERAPY VERSUS COMBINATION THERAPY OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVES AMONG DIABETIC HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Bairy Laxminarayana Kurady
Published: April 2017

Objective: To compare the efficacy and adverse drug reactions of monotherapy and combination therapy of antihypertensive drugs in diabetic hypertensive patients.Methods: A prospective observational study of 18 months duration was conducted in the Department of Medicine of a tertiary care hospital in South India. A total of 200 patients were included in the study. Using a standard proforma, the details of patients such as demographic data and antihypertensive medications were collected and analyzed for efficacy and safety.Results: Of 200 patients studied, 50% received monotherapy whereas the remaining 50% received combination therapy. There was male preponderance (54%) in the study population, with the mean age being 60.07±11.32 years. In monotherapy group, most commonly prescribed drug was amlodipine (38%), whereas in combination group, angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) or calcium channel blocker (CCB) + beta blocker (18%) was commonly prescribed among 2-drug group and ARB+ thiazide+ CCB (25.6%) among 3-drug group. Monotherapy and combination therapy were analyzed to be equally efficacious in reducing systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Based on the adverse effect profile, monotherapy comparatively produced more adverse effects than combination group. Amlodipine-induced pedal edema (56.7%) was the most common adverse effect observed, and it was predominantly managed by changing it to be a better tolerable CCB, namely cilnidipine.Conclusion: The combination therapy may be a better treatment option in selected patient population.Keywords: Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, Amlodipine, Cilnidipine, Pedal edema.
ANTIOXIDANT AND GASTRIC ULCER HEALING EFFECT OF ORTHOSIPHONSTAMINEUS (BENTH.) LEAVES EXTRACT IN ASPIRIN-INDUCED RATS
Authors: Yuniarto Ari -
Published: April 2017

Objective: In the gastrointestinal system, gastric ulcer is one of the common serious problems in human life and gives contribution against morbidity and mortality incidence. The pathophysiology of gastric ulcer is an imbalance between aggressive factor and mucosal integrity factor. Increase of aggressive factors and decrease of mucosal integrity factors have potential against developed of gastric ulcer disease. The objective of the research was to evaluate antioxidant and gastric ulcer healing effect of Orthosiphon stamineus (Benth.) leaves extract in aspirin-induced rats.Methods: In vivo antiulcer activity of Orthosiphon leaves extract was evaluated through several parameters involves gastric acidity, number of ulcers, diameters of ulcers, ulcer index (UI), and healing ratio. Dose level of Orthosiphon leaves extract which used in this study such as 250 and500 mg/kg, respectively. Antioxidant activity of Orthosiphon leaves extract was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) method. Histopathological of the stomach was performed using hematoxylin-eosin stained.Results: The results of the study showed that groups which given Orthosiphon leaves extract have significantly different for gastric ulcer healing compared to the control group and were supported by histopathological analysis. The Orthosiphon leaves extract also showed maximum scavengingactivity at a concentration of 100 µg/ml (58.86% inhibition) and minimum at 50 μg/ml (29.60% inhibition) with inhibitory concentration 50% (IC  )50 84.54 µg/ml when compared to ascorbic acid as the standard with IC5.08 µg/ml by DPPH method.Conclusion: It can be concluded that from the experimental study of O. stamineus (Benth.) leaves extract has potential antiulcer activity in aspirin- induced rats model and antioxidant effect using DPPH method. Stomach tissues regeneration in gastric ulcer model might be affected by the improvement of antioxidant status.Keywords: Orthosiphon stamineus (Benth.), Extract, Ulcer, Aspirin, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate.
METABOLIC SYNDROME IN FEMALE WORKERS FROM A TEXTILE MILL: EFFECT OF NOISE
Authors: Gupta Gaurav
Published: April 2017

Objective: Noise creates alteration in human health in both physical as well as psychological variations. Effect of noise on components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been discussed but not well established. The aim of this study was to investigate the MetS in female workers from textile mill.Methods: A total of 65 female workers were recruited for the study from the high noise (>70 dB) area and low noise (<40 dB) area of a textile mill. Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), blood sugar (BS), and lipid profile were investigated of the female workers. BP was estimated by auscultatory method. BS was investigated by glucose oxidase-peroxidase (POD) method. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were investigated by cholesterol oxidase (CHOD)-POD method, GPO- PAP method, CHOD-POD/phosphotungustate method, and friedewald formula, respectively.Results: Significant outcomes were obtained in this study. BMI was significantly (<0.01) higher in workers working in high noise area compared to low noise (<40 dB) area. Systolic BP and diastolic BP was also significantly (<0.01) higher in high noise area. Fasting BS level was found to be significantly (<0.01) lower in low noise area. In case of lipid profile significant (<0.01) results were obtained except LDL-C. TC and TG were found to be related with noise since their concentration was higher in high noise area compared to low noise area. However, HDL-C was found to be lower in high noise area compared to low noise area.Conclusion: Continuous exposure to occupational noise might be reason for developing cardiovascular disease depending on the degree of MetS in industrial workers. BP and BS seems to be better predictor of MetS in assessing cardiovascular risk.Keywords: Occupational noise, Metabolic syndrome, Dyslipidemia.
IDENTIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL SNPs OF MDR1 GENE AMONG NEPHROTIC SYNDROME CHILDREN IN SOUTH INDIA
Authors: Ganesan Arumugam
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the frequency of C3435T and G2677T/C single nucleotide polymorphisms of multi drug resistancegene -1 (MDR1) in nephrotic syndrome (NS) children in relation to healthy subjects. The role and association of these SNPs were also determined,whether response and/or resistance to steroid treatment in children with NS in south India.Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from 371 blood samples collected from children with NS and controls. Among 173 cases, categorized intosteroid-resistant NS (SRNS) were 90 and steroid-sensitive NS (SSNS) were 83 and 198 blood samples were included as controls. All samples weresubjected to DNA extraction, and polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism for identification of C3435T andG2677T/C genomic variations.Results: The frequencies of MDR-1 C3435T, CT, TT, and CC genotypes and SNP G2677T/C GG and G allele genotypes were observed in this study group.In SRNS, children showed significantly higher frequencies of MDR-1 C3435T, CT, TT, and TT+CC genotypes were observed than SRNS and controls.The allele frequencies of SRNS children showed CC - 4%, CT - 32% and TT - 12% and in SSNS children, CC - 10.98%, CT - 27.2% and TT - 13.9% wereobserved. Furthermore, increased frequencies of MDR-1 C3435T CT, TT, TT+CC genotypes, or T allele were observed in children aged <9 years old.There were no different genotype and allele frequency observed in G2677T/C genotypes NS children and controls.Conclusion: Based on these data, we are suggesting that MDR-1 C3435T gene polymorphisms are risk factors of increased susceptibility, earlieronset of NS as well as leads to steroid resistance. Whereas SNP G2677T/C gene polymorphisms do not have significant role observed in this studypopulation.Keywords: Nephrotic syndrome, Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome, Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, Multidrug resistance gene-1,Polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism.
CONVENTIONAL AND RECENT DIAGNOSTIC AIDS IN TUBERCULOUS LYMPHADENITIS: A BRIEF OVERVIEW
Authors: Hasan Shamimul , Saeed Shazina
Published: April 2017

One of the most common form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is peripheral tuberculous lymphadenitis and accounts for 20-40% of the cases. Tuberculous lymphadenitis has a gender and age predilection (usually seen in young females).  It is usually bilateral in presentation and is non-contagious. Recent upsurge in HIV co-infection has challenged the diagnosis and management of tuberculosis and of associated lymphadenopathy. In the endemic areas, tuberculous lymphadenitis remains an important and essential differential diagnosis in patients presenting with cervical swellings.  A timely and accurate diagnosis is mandatory to overcome this public health threat. Interdisciplinary involvement of varied medical and dental professionals enhances the possibility of an effective and timely diagnosis of this condition. Keywords: Cervical lymphadenopathy, Diagnosis, Management, Tuberculosis.
HPLC METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF ELLAGIC ACID IN IN VIVO AND IN VITRO PLANT PARTS OF OROXYLUM INDICUM (L.) VENT.
Authors: Rami Esha , Rami Saurabh , Patel Illa
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study was performed to investigate the comparative analysis of ellagic acid content in in vivo (stem, leaf and root) and in vitro (callus, in vitro developed root and shoot) samples of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. an important medicinal plant.Methods: For in vitro culture, seedling explants were inoculated on MS (Murashige and Skoog’s, 1962) medium, supplemented with BAP and Kn alone and combination with IAA. Analytical method HPLC was developed for the quantification of ellagic acid in in vivo and in vitro samples.Result: BAP combination with IAA was best for shoot multiplication, BAP with 2,4-D were used for callus proliferation. HPLC analysis of these extracts revealed that the quantity of ellagic acid present in both the samples but maximum ellagic acid content was obtained in leaves among all plant parts.Conclusion: Hence, the present study showed the in vivo as well as in vitro samples contain ellagic acid. That can be used for its large scale production in future. Key-words: Oroxylum indicum, ellagic acid, HPLC
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OILS AND ITS LOCOMOTOR ACTIVIT FROM THE BARKS OF Cinnamomum sintok Bl OF TWO DISTRICTS IN MIDDLE JAVA
Authors: Muchtaridi Muchtaridi , Sumiw Sri , Nuwarda Rina F
Published: April 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine of volatile compounds of essential oils from Cinnamomum sintoc B1 (sintok) barks belongs to Lauraceae of two Districts of Middle Java.Methods: Analysis of essential oil components from the barks of Cinnamomum sintoc Bl was performed by confirmation of the linear retention index (LRI), following by  the comparison of  NIST library peak and mass spectrum peak with literature data.Results: The essential oils from Yogyakarta and  Jember of Cinnamomum sintoc Bl obtained by steam distillation with percentage of  1.10% and 1.15% (w/w), respectively, with eugenol and methyl eugenol having higher percentage compare to other components, 35-38% and less than 10%, respectively. The sintok barks oil of Yogyakarta at 0.1 mL a dose decreased the locomotor activity as much as 11.33 %, while at 0.3 and 0.5 mL doses increased the locomotor activity as much as 35.83 % and 51.13 %.Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that the inhalation of sintok barks oil gave different influence to locomotor activity depends on the doses given.Keywords: Cinnamomum sintoc Bl, methyl eugeunol, LRI, and eugenol
ASSESSMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF AMOMUM SUBULATUM ROXB. OF NEPAL
Authors: Subba Bimala , Seling Tank Raj , Kandel Ram Chandra , Phuyal Ganga Prasad
Published: April 2017

Objective: The present study was designed to study and compare the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of Amomum subulatum Roxb. seeds collected from two different regions of Nepal.Methods: Antioxidant activity was determined by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay and Antibacterial activity was measured by agar well-diffusion method.Results: Results showed that both sample extracts had interesting antibacterial activity against all test microorganisms and had remarkable radical scavenging potential to be used as an antioxidant. Sample B (i.e., collected from high altitude Taplejung district) exerted comparative quit higher antimicrobial and antioxidant activity than the Sample A (i.e., is collected from low altitude Panchthar district). However, the standard antibacterial drug Tetracycline exhibits superior activity than the extracts.Conclusions: The results suggest that both samples (i.e., seed extract of A. subulatum Roxb.) possess almost similar moderate antibacterial and antioxidant activity in comparison to standards which justifies the traditional use of this plant.Keywords: Extract, Cardamom, Activity, Medicinal plants, Seeds, Bacillus pumilus.
A STUDY ON THE STANDARDIZATION PARAMETERS OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA
Authors: Khare Pragati , Kishore Kamal , Sharma Dinesh Kumar
Published: April 2017

Objective: In today’s scenario, the herbal medicines are much efficient for the treatment of various disorders as they have minimal side effects incomparison to the allopathic medicines. Bauhinia variegata L. (Mountain Ebony), commonly called Kachnar, belongs to the family Leguminosae.It is a medium-sized tree, mostly found at an altitude of 1300 m in the Himalayas. The objectives of the present study are to investigate variouspharmacognostic, phytochemical analysis, and pharmacological properties of B. variegata.Methods: The powdered drug was used for estimating the loss on drying, ash values, fluorescence studies, chemical tests, and extractive values.Macroscopic and microscopic studies were also performed.Results: The leaf microscopy revealed the presence of upper and lower epidermis, palisade tissue, well-developed vascular bundle. The fluorescencecharacteristics of leaf powder were studied both in visible light and ultraviolet light (254 nm and 365 nm) after treatment with various reagents.Kachnar is composed of carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, amino acid. It was reported that the total ash value was 8.15%. The acidinsoluble ash value was 5.5%.Conclusion: The main pharmacological activities of B. variegata are anthelmintic, antiulcer, antitumor, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antigoitrogenic, and hepatoprotective. The present investigation provides the information on its pharmacognostic, phytochemical analysis, andpharmacological properties.Keywords: Flavonoids, Kachnar, Alkaloids, Antioxidant, Leguminosae.
INSILICO DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME NOVEL BENZOTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS ANTI-CANCER AGENTS
Authors: Pappachen Leena K , Zachariah Subin Mary , Chandran Deepthy
Published: April 2017

Objectives: Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrollable, irreversible, independent, autonomous, uncoordinated and relatively unlimited and abnormal over growth of tissues. Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer after lung cancer. The aim of the study is to carry out the docking studies, synthesis and anti-tumour activities  of Benzothiazole derivatives containing oxadiazole groups or amino groups.Methods: The docking studies of benzothiazole derivatives were done with known anti-cancer targets like oestrogen receptor by using argus lab and auto dock programmes with the standard drug tamoxifen. Based upon  the results obtained from the molecular modeling, the derivatives were selected for the synthesis. The synthesized compounds were characterized by melting point, TLC, IR, 1H NMR, 13CNMR, MASS spectral data and screened for their in- vitro anti-cancer activities.Results: The docking scores obtained for benzothiazole derivatives (BT1,BT2,BT3,BT4) and std.tamoxifen  from the preliminary docking program by using  argusLab  were- 9.68,-9.4,-9.59, -11.1988,-9.71 and  by using autodock program were -6.29, -5.25,-7.19,-7.48,-3.86 respectively. All the four derivatives were synthesized, characterized and subjected to in vitro anticancer screening by MTT assay in breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Compounds DBT1, DBT2, DBT3 were the most active compounds against MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 of 70.0, 64.0 and 65.0, respectively.Conclusion: All the four  derivatives show  good docking scores when compared to standard drug and can be concluded that all the synthesized benzothiazole  ligands show good anti-cancer property.Keywords: Benzothiazole, Oxadiazole, Estrogen receptor, Anticancer targets.
PRODUCTION OF KERATINASES FROM NOCARDIOPSIS SP. 28ROR AS A NOVEL IRAQI STRAIN
Authors: Al-jelawi- Rabab Omran
Published: April 2017

Objectives: isolate a novel feather- degrading actinobacterial species had the ability to produce wide pH activity keratinases.Methods: Of 23 actinobacterial isolates were recovered from farm soil, poultry farm soil and feather wastes, these isolates were screened for protease and keratinase production on skim milk agar, feather  media, and  antimicrobial production. One potential  isolate was identified depending on phenotypical, physiological and molecular according to partial sequences of 16S r RNA gene analysis and optimized  keratinase production. Results:   11 isolates out of 22 protease producer  had the ability to degrade raw chicken feather and some of these  isolates produced  antifungal and antibacterial metabolites.The potential isolate,  Nocardiopsis sp. 28ROR (GenBank: KC702802.1), produced two types of extracellular keratinases in feather meal  medium at pH6 (acid type), 30-35°C  for 7d  and  the alkaline keratinase at pH10, 40°C  for 7d.Conclusion: The Nocardiopsis sp. 28ROR was a novel strain produced keratinases using feather meal degradation as a cheap waste medium. The wide tolerance of temperature and pH by keratinase makes it an ideal contender to be investigated further for potential application as a detergent additive.Keywords: Nocardiopsis, Keratinase, Optimization, Feather medium, Antibiotic.
The Development of Top 200 Prescribed Drugs in Community Pharmacies at Medan City as a Learning Tools
Authors: Tanjung Hari Ronaldo , Nasution Embun Suci
Published: April 2017

Objective: The pharmacy student at clerk-ship level and pharmacists need the drug information literature contains information of prescribed drug that utilized in pharmaceutical practice daily in order to learn effectively. The aims of the study was to develop top 200 prescribed drugs in community pharmacies at Medan city as a learning tools for the pharmacy students at clerk-ship level and pharmacists.Methods: The study was a descriptive study that used a cross sectional survey methodology. The top 200 items of prescribed drugs obtained from the pharmacies selected regarding to random sampling method. The study was conducted from August to November 2016. The top 200 prescribed drugs lists was developed in to a draft of drug information book and a group of pharmacy students at clerk-ship level and pharmacists was asked to evaluate the book and gave suggestions using a set of  questionnaire.Results: The top 200 prescribed drugs list revealed that the five most prescribed drugs was amoxicilline (5.55 %), followed by dexamethasone (4.44%), mefenamic acid (3.73%), cetirizine (3.16%), and ciprofloxacine (2.97%). The result of a draft of drugs information book evaluation that was evaluated by 120 pharmacy students and pharmacists showed the drug information book draft was good and able to publish. The respondents mention some suggestion for the book i.e.  “Image made more attractive and in various colors and the image adjusted with an indication of drug” (43.74%) and “Using language that is easily understood and more detailed information” (16.85%).Conclusions: The study has developed top 200 prescribed drugs in community pharmacies at Medan city in to a validated drug information book as a learning tool. The drug information book very useful for a continuing professional development program for pharmacists and build the pharmacy student’s confidence before they face the real patients at the community pharmacy practice setting. Key words: Prescribed drugs, drug information, learning tools
CASE REPORTON TURNERS SYNDROME IN NORTH KARNATAKA
Authors: Kadakol G S , Hadimani Gavishiddappa , Patil Shankar V , Bulagouda Rudragouda S
Published: April 2017

Turner syndrome (TS) is a common chromosomaldisorder. Turner syndrome (TS) also known as Ulrich–Turner syndrome, gonadal dysgenesis and 45, X, is a condition in which a female is partly or completely missing an X chromosome.The main clinical features of TS are Swollen hands and feet,Wide and webbed neck, a combination of the following symptoms may be seen in older females:Absent or incomplete development at puberty, including sparse pubic hair and small breasts broad, flat chest shaped like a shield, drooping eyelids, Turner Syndrome frequently seen  in young infants.Our case of a 10-year-old girl has TS-specific clinical hallmarks,with the symptoms of short stature, wide barred shaped chest drooping eyelids. She visited our hospital because of her neck swelling, pain in on /off condition since one month. In our study we reported both clinically & cytogenetic investigation which shows a patient is suffering from Turner Syndrome. This type of Syndrome is very rare in this region.Keywords:Turner Syndrome,   Short Stature,Chromosome Analysis
“ALTERATIONS IN PARATHORMONE, CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS LEVELS IN CKD PATIENTS ON MAINTENANCE HAEMODIALYSIS IN A HOSPITAL SETTING IN PUNJAB.”
Authors: Bansal Babita , Gahlot Sushila , Prasher P K , Takkar Jaspreet
Published: April 2017

Objective: Many people who have severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) will eventually develop kidney failure and will require dialysis. The controlof parathormone (PTH), phosphorus, and calcium metabolism is one of the objectives in an adequate dialysis protocol. Therefore, we conductedthis study to describe alterations in PTH, calcium, and phosphorous homeostasis in patients with CKD on hemodialysis in our center. Our study alsoaimed to find an association between hormonal and biochemical abnormalities in CKD patients, who have been on hemodialysis for ≥5 months andcomparing the results obtained with that recommended by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines.Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional observational study. The study population of 330 patients (>18 years) on maintenancehemodialysis coming to dialysis Unit of Department of Medicine of Gian Sagar Hospital, Ramnagar (Patiala), over a period of 3 years (2012-2015),were enrolled in the study. Each patient was considered only once for the study. In addition, biochemical analysis of serum intact PTH (iPTH), correctedcalcium, phosphorus, total alkaline phosphatase (tALP), serum creatinine, blood urea, serum albumin, and hemoglobin of all cases was done usingfully automated equipment. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software, version 17.Results: The study population of 330 patients comprised adults, mainly illiterate (54.5%) predominantly belonging to the rural (66.4%) strata witha mean age of 52.67±15.05 (range: 25-98 years). The abnormality in the laboratory profile of the patients was found to be hyperparathyroidism in40.3% as compared to hypoparathyroidism in 33.5% and normal iPTH levels in 26.2%. Hypocalcaemia was detected in 50.6% and hyperphosphatemiain 62.1% of the patients. There was statistically significant association of serum iPTH, with corrected calcium and phosphorus (P=0.032 and P=0.035,respectively). Corrected calcium was also significantly associated with phosphorus (P=0.001) and tALP (P=0.007).Conclusion: We showed in the present study that disorders of mineral metabolism are common in hemodialysis patients and that only a smallproportion adheres to the targets as advised in the KDIGO guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in CKD. We demonstrated that these disordersare associated with important negative clinical outcomes, such as increased all-cause lack survival, more muscle and bone problems. Our findings,therefore, support a strict control of mineral metabolism in dialysis patients. Further research and progress in this area are required to establish amore rational approach with a view toward improving patient outcomes.Keywords: Parathormone, Calcium, Phosphorus, Hemodialysis.
DESIGN AND INVITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF METFORMIN LOADED RESEALED ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Viswanad Vidya , S Aiswarya , S Parvathy , Tp Aneesh
Published: April 2017

Objective: Metformin is an oral antidiabetic drug in the biguanide class. It is the first-line drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The objective of the present study was to retard the release of metformin using carrier erythrocyte for getting a parenteral slow release depot formulation.Methods: The study retards the release of metformin by encapsulating in carier erythrocyte. Endocytosis is the method used for the encapsulation of the drug metormin.Results: The optimized formulation shows 98.34% of drug release within 12 days. From the invitro release data zero order kinetic graph shows the best fit graph.  % cell recovered was found to be 73-78% and it suggests that the loading technique was less destructive.Conclusion: The optimized formulation is a perfect carrier for the parenteral slow release depot of metformin.Keywords: Resealed erythrocytes, cross linking, cell recovery, endocytosis, slow release depot formulation
DOCKING STUDIES FOR VARIOUS ANTIBACTERIAL BENZILATE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Rajendran Sudha , P Brindha Devi , Kanakam Charles C , G Nithya
Published: April 2017

Objectives: In this study, we have focused on discovering the leads for the enzyme targets of infectious disease tuberculosis. We employed computeraided drug design docking tool,to discover new leads for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).Methods: Five compounds were synthesized and they are made to dock into the active site of the enzyme; retrieved from protein data bank.Results: The docking studies and structure–activity relationship reveals that the compound 2’-chloro-4-methoxy-3nitro benzilic acid after threedifferent docking strategies reveals that the score was found to be higher compared with others(−5.568 kcal/mol).Conclusion: On the closer analysis of this molecule, the molecule showed stacking interaction and the compound has also found to be surrounded by non-polar amino acids, which makes this molecule potent toward antibacterial drug discovery.Keywords: Antibacterials, Docking, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and excretion study, Resistance.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVTY OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF MYRISTICA FRAGRANS HOUTT: IN VITRO AND IN SILICO STUDIES
Authors: Sivaraj Saranya , Kannayiram Gomathi , Dasararaju Gayathri
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study is aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic effect of sequentially extracted (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) Myristica fragrans houtt (mace) through in vitro and in silico studies. Methods: The in vitro anti-diabetic effect of the sequentially extracted plant were evaluated for its alpha-amylase inhibitory activity and the potential binding was studied by in silico studies using Schrödinger Maestro.Results: All extracts showed dose dependent alpha-amylase inhibitory effect. At concentration 500 µg/ml, all the extracts showed more than 60% inhibition of the alpha-amylase enzyme and the highest inhibition (81.30%) at 500 µg/ml was observed in DCM extract of mace. Potential compounds were identified by in silico molecular docking studies of alpha-amylase with phytocomponents from DCM extract. Among the top three compounds from virtual screening, induced fit docking studies revealed 2,5-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyloxolane possessed better binding affinity when compared with the drug metformin. Conclusion: The obtained in vitro and in silico results suggest that all extracts of Myristica fragrans can be used successfully for the management of diabetes mellitus.Keywords: Myristica fragrans, Mace, Sequential extraction, Alpha-amylase, Molecular docking.
FABRICATION OF NOVEL ANTICANCER POLYOXOMETALATE [CoW11O39(CpTi)]7- -CHITOSAN NANO-COMPOSITE, ITS TOXICITY REDUCTION AND SUSTAINED RELEASE
Authors: Pandya Vamangi M , Joshi Sachin A
Published: April 2017

Objectives: Polyoxometalates (POMs) are proved to be important for applications in medicine and in material science. Here, we representnanocomposite formation of tungsten-containing potent anticancer polyanion, K 6 H [CoW 11 O 39  (CpTi)].13H 2 O (CoW CpTi) with biocompatible ChitosanYC-100 (CSYC100) with the goal to reduce its heavy metal toxicity.Methods: Synthesis of “POM-CSYC100 nanocomposite” was attained without the aid of any cross-linker through electrostatic interaction technique. Nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The release profile recorded was slow and sustained at physiological pH. In vitro cytotoxicity assays which show an attribute to reduce the toxicity of these POM were performed on C2C12 (mouse myoblast cell line) and A-549 (lung cancer cell line), which proved the reduced toxicity of nanocomposites as compared to the bare drugs.Results: Sustained release studies showed there was a slow and steady release of CoW CpTi for 11 hrs, with the 98% of collective release at the end. From in vitro cytotoxic assay, it was deduced that CoW 11 11 CpTi -CSYC100 nanocomposite at the concentrations of 1.25 mM, and lower did not exhibit toxic effect on C2C12 cells as 95% total C2C12 cell mass remained viable. While in the case of A549 cells highest 5 mM concentration of bare CoW 11 CpTi is toxic to the cancer cells and after encapsulation cell viability increases from 10% to 55%.Conclusion: Thus, this study has designated the probability of using POM-chitosan nanocomposite for less toxic and effective biomedicinal applications.Keywords: Anticancer, Chitosan, Nanocomposite, In vitro cytotoxicity, Drug release.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF VILANTEROL AND FLUTICASONE FUROATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS
Authors: Masimukku Siva Kishore , Chintal Rambabu
Published: April 2017

Objective:  To develop a simple, rapid,  precise, accurate, sensitive spectrophotometric methods (A&B) were developed for simultaneous estimation and validation of Vilanterol (VTL) and Fluticasone Furoate (FFE) in pure and tablet dosage forms.Method:   Method A is a simultaneous equation method and method B is a first order derivative spectrophotometric method. Pure drug samples of VTL and FFE were dissolved in a mixture of Methanol and Ethanol in the ratio of 1:1 (v/v) and found to have absorbance maxima at 231nm for VTL and 260nm for FFE respectivelyResults:  The linearity lies between 2.5–10µg/ml for VTL and 10–60µg/ml for FFE in these two methods (A&B).  The correlation coefficient (r2) was found to be 0.999 for both VTL and FFE, the limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.015µg/ml and 0.05µg/ml for VTL and 0.05µg/ml and 0.2µg/ml for FFE respectively. The results of analysis have been validated statistically by recovery studies as per ICH guidelines.Conclusion: The two methods A&B showed good reproducibility and recovery with % RSD less than 2.  Hence both methods were found to be rapid, specific, precise and accurate and can be successfully applied for the routine analysis of VTL and FFE in pure and combined dosage form.Keywords: Fluticasone furoate, Vilanterol, Derivative spectrophotometric, Simultaneous equation method, Method development and validation.
Morphometric study of proximal femur in fractured and non-fractured post menopausal women
Authors: Nayak Lopamudra , Senapati Susmita , Panda Sitanshu Kumar , Chinara Prafulla Kumar
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the risk of hip fracture using proximal femoral morphometry in fractured and nonfractured postmenopausal women.Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study with 138 postmenopausal women (49 fractured and 89 nonfractured). The hip axis length (HAL), femoral neck axis length (FNAL), acetabular width (AW), femoral head width (FHW), femoral shaft width (FSW), and femoral neck shaft angle (FNSA) were measured in all cases by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. We also studied the correlation between body mass index (BMI) with all the parameters in fractured and control groups.Results: The mean age, height, weight, and BMI were 61.24±3.23, 163.94±7.84 cm, 71.88±9.14 kg, and 26.72±2.78 kg/m², respectively, in fractured patients. In nonfractured patients the values were 59.73±5.32, 161.73±4.25 cm, 69.54±6.25 kg, and 26.74±2.23 kg/m² respectively. The mean HAL, FNAL, AW, FHW, FSW, and FNSA were 130.5±3.18 mm, 111.26±3.64 mm, 18.2±1.91 mm, 53.46±1.51 mm, 37.45±1.82 mm, and 132.76±3.15 degree incase group and 130.84±4.74 mm, 112.48±4.08 mm, 17.57±2.32 mm, 53.4±1.86 mm, 35.29±1.82 mm, and 128.76±3.6° in control group, respectively.Conclusion: The femoral parameters such as HAL, FNAL, AW, and FHW do not indicate any correlation between fractured and control groups, whereas FSW and FNSA were significantly higher in case group. The FNSA was having significant negative correlation with BMI in fractured group while that was having a significant positive correlation in the nonfractured group. This observation will be helpful in exploration of its clinical significance in proximal femoral fracture.Keywords: Proximal femur, Morphometry, Postmenopausal, Fracture.
SORAFENIB INDUCED ACNEIFORM ERUPTIONS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Ommurugan Balaji , D Amita Priya , Patil Navin
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTSorafenib an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor is used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma and thyroid cancer. Sorafenib acts by inhibiting various kinases like tyrosine kinase, RET tyrosine kinase, endothelial growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor 2 and 3 inhibits angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Acneiform eruptions are known side effect of EGFR inhibitors with incidence ranging between 20 to 90 percent [3], but acneiform eruptions with Sorafenib is seldom seen. Hence, we report a case of Sorafenib induced acneiform eruptions.Keywords: Sorafenib, EGFR, acneiform eruptions, adverse drug reactions
A STUDY TO REVIEW THE APPROPRIATENESS OF DRUG DOSAGE IN RENALLY IMPAIRED PATIENT BY IDENTIFYING, ANALYSING AND ADJUSTING DOSAGES IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Sam Gloria K , M Rathod Mrudangsinh , Achankunju Ancy , John Rose Maria
Published: April 2017

Objectives To identify and analyze drug dosing in renally impaired patient in a tertiary care teaching hospital and to categorize patients on the basis of gender, age, GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) and anemia.Methodology A prospective interventional study was conducted on the drug dosage in renally impaired patient by identifying, analyzing, and adjusting. Ethical clearance was obtained from the IEC (Institutional Ethical Committee). The study was conducted on 103 patients with renal impairment for a period of six months. During ward rounds, cases were collected and collected data were assessed and analysed by using Micromedex, Lexicomp. For the possible interventions, the dosage errors were reported along with the evidence.Results Out of the 103 patients, 73 were males and 30 were females and majority of patients belonged to the age group between 41- 65 yrs. 56.31% and 43.69% of patients were in the category B and category C of GFR respectively. A total of 244 co-morbidities were present in 103 patients with HTN (Hypertension) and Type 2 DM (Diabetes Mellitus) the foremost. In total, 983 drugs were prescribed to the total patient with an average of 9.54 drugs per patient, 175 drugs required dosage adjustment.Conclusion The present study effectively reports all the interventions to the physicians along with the supporting data. Continuous medical education to the physicians together with pharmacists may reduce the chances of incongruity in drugs given to the renally impaired patients.Key Words: Renal impairment, MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease), Creatinine Clearance, Dosage Adjustment
BORTEZOMIB INDUCED SUBCONJUNCTIVAL HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Patil Navin , Ommurugan Balaji , Udupa Karthik S , Rao Karthik
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTMany drugs are used in the treatment of multiple myeloma but Thalidomide, Lenalidomide, Bortezomib, dexamethasone and their combination remains the main stay of treatment. The molecular formula of bortezomib is C19H25BN4O4 and its chemical IUPAC name is [3-methyl-1-(3-phenyl-2-pyrazin-2-ylcarbonylamino-propanoyl) amino-butyl] boronic acid. Mechanisms by which it acts is usually by 26 SProteasome inhibition leading to degradation of anti-apoptotic proteins. Bortezomib is known to cause many side effects. So hence we report a rare case of Bortezomib induced subconjunctival hemorrhage in our tertiary care hospital.KEYWORDS: Bortezomib, Adverse effect, Proteosome inhibition, Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SERUM N-TERMINAL PRO B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (NT-PROBNP) FOR LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION IN HYPERTENSIVE CASES.
Authors: Raju Dantuluri Srihari Siva Kumar , Munta Anil Kumar , Sj Basha
Published: April 2017

Objective: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for all cardiovascular complication of Hypertension, in this group early detection is very important for better management. Therefore, the aim of our study is to evaluate cardiac markers in hypertension with LVH.Material and Methods: The study comprised of 95 patients with the evidence of Hypertension. These cases were further divided into 2 groups i.e. Hypertension without LVH and Hypertension with LVH groups. We assessed blood pressure, electrocardiography and echocardiography. All the cardiac markers are assessed by using ELISA.Results: In the cases of LVH with hypertension group, the serum cardiac parameter like NTpro-BNP was significantly raised. However, the serum myoglobin and CK-MB did not showed any significant rise when compared with control. In the cases of LVH without hypertension, all these three parameters not have shown any significant raise when compared with control.Conclusion: Apart from imaging techniques the assessment of serum NT- pro BNP act as better marker for identifying LVH than the traditional markers like CK-MB, myoglobin.Key words: Hypertension, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, NTpro-BNP, CK-MB and myoglobin.
EFFICACY OF COMBINATION SOLID DISPERSION TECHNOLOGY ON DISSOLUTION PERFORMANCE OF NALIDIXIC ACID AND CEFDINIR
Authors: Maraie Nidhal Khazaal , Alhamdany Anas Tarik , Radhi Ameera Abd
Published: April 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate a new developed solid dispersion containing fixed dose combination of nalidixic acid and cefdinir (500:300 mg) to improve dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs via a new mechanism as well as the conventional mechanism of solid dispersion represented by the presence of hydrophilic carrier.Methods:Through this objective eight newly developed solid dispersion formulas of fixed dose combination of nalidixic acid and cefdinir (500:300 mg) and (polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 and poloxamer 188) in different ratio were prepared, in addition to solid dispersion of each drug alone and simple mixture of individual solid dispersion prepared by means of fusion technique. Moreover, solid dispersions beside pure drugs, simple mixture and physical mixture were characterized by dissolution tests, solubility studies, powder x-ray diffractometry (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FT-IR spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: From in vitro dissolution tests, PXRD, DSC, FT-IR, and SEM; it is indicated the presence of a physical complex between cefdinir and nalidixic acid in their solid dispersion containing combination of fixed dose of both drugs. This will affect the crystallinity of the second drug and their dissolution behavior in addition to the conventional mechanism owing to the presence of hydrophilic carrier (poloxamer 188).Conclusion: I was concluded that the newly prepared formula of solid dispersion containing fixed dose combination of nalidixic acid and cefdinir will be promising for higher dissolution profile than that from solid dispersion of each drug alone or simple mixture of individual solid dispersion of each drug.Keywords: Nalidixic acid, Cefdinir, Poloxamer 188, Polyethylene glycol 6000, Combinational solid dispersion, Fusion method.
VALIDATION OF WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM
Authors: Gupta N Vishal , Hm Nataraj , G Ravi
Published: April 2017

Objective: Validation of water treatment systems is required to achieve water with all preferred quality attributes. This also delivers a circumstantial to establish a total control over the process which screens efficacy, safety, and ultimately, the process outcomes. The goal of steering validation is to establish that a process when operated within established limits, yields a product of reliable and definite quality with a high degree of assurance.Methods: The current work is an effort to deliberate several aspects of validation comprising different approaches, machineries of water purification systems, equipment qualifications, performance testing phases, microbial and chemical analysis of water samples, documentation, and post-validationmonitoring. Mainly the validation is done for new water plants in pharmaceutical industry.Results and Discussion: Sampling of water was carried out after each step in the purification process, and the results were found within limits.Conclusion: Water purification systems must be operated in the interior regulatory guidelines as with pharmaceutical manufacture facilities.Successful achievement of validation is confirmed by various testing phases. Usually, a three-phase testing approach is recommended over an extendedperiod to prove reliability and robustness of the system for producing water of specified quality with a high degree of assurance.Keywords: Validation, Water purification systems, Quality attributes, Pharmaceutical manufacture facilities, Microbial and chemical analysis.
QUORUM QUENCHING POTENTIALS OF PROBIOTIC ENTEROCOCCUS DURANS LAB38 AGAINST METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors: Natesan Sivakumar , Boopathi Seenivasan , Selvakumar Gopal
Published: April 2017

Objective: he focus of this study was to explore the nuance strategy to combat the virulence factors of the pathogens by probiotic Enterococcus durans LAB38Methods: Probiotic attributes was determined by bile salt tolerance (0.5%) and Artemia gnotobiotic assay. Quorum sensing (QS) inhibitory activity of the supernatant and ethyl acetate (EA) extract of LAB38 was evaluated by using the indicator strains, includes Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 (mini-Tn5 mutant of ATCC 31532), methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Reporter strains, Vibrio harveyi BB170 (luxN mutant), BB886 (luxP mutant) and Escherichia coli pSB401 (pACYC184- derived) were used for bioluminescence-based target specificity analysis. GC-MS analysis of EA extract was performed using standard protocol. Results: LAB38 has shown bile salt tolerance and positive probiotic effect towards Artemia salina. In addition, 100 µg/ml EA extract has significantly reduced the violacein production (37 ± 1.4%) in CV026, biofilm formation in MRSA (94 ± 0.9 %) and PA (22 ± 0.08%). Further, 200 µg/ml of EA extract has shown inhibition against both autoinducer-1 and autoinducer-2 mediated QS system. Bioluminescence inhibition is directly proportional to the time of exposure. GC-MS result revealed that bromine, sulphur containing molecule and azulene derivative were found in the EA extract.Conclusion This is the first report on probiotic Enterococcus durans for quorum quenching activity. Hence, the bacterium could be used for future therapeutics application. Keywords: Autoinducer, Biofilm, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Quorum quenching, Probiotics, CV026.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POTENTIAL PROBIOTIC YEASTS FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES
Authors: Das Nilanjana , Ragavan Mangala Lakshmi
Published: April 2017

objective The main objective of the present study is to isolate yeasts from different environmental sources to investigate their potential probiotic characteristics.Methods Appropriate in vitro assays has been conducted to examine their probiotic potentiality, such as acid and bile salt tolerance, temperature resistance, stimulated GIT tolerance, cell adhesion and cholesterol removal. All the yeast isolates were tested under in vitro conditions.Results In the present study, 20 yeast species have been isolated from different sources, screened and their desirable probiotic properties viz. pH tolerance, bile salt tolerance and thermo-tolerance have been evaluated. Screened yeast isolates treated with gastric juices showed increased survival rate above 60%. A further in vitro study investigates cholesterol removal and it showed increased cholesterol removal rate up to 92%. Exopolysaccharide production was estimated for selected yeast isolates and applications are under investigation.Conclusion Among 20 yeast isolates, 5 isolates showed increased growth under stress tolerance. It can be concluded that the screened yeast isolates LM, MR, GOI, GII2 and WI can serve as promising probiotics in various fields of food industry.Key words:  Acid tolerance; bile tolerance, cholesterol removal, probiotics, yeast.