bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organo‐Catalyzed Enantioselective [4+2] Annulation of Glutaraldehyde and C3‐Indolyl‐imines To Access Indol‐3‐yl‐piperidines
Authors: Singh Anoop , Shah Imtiaz A. , Yadav Jyothi , Sharma Preetika , Kant Rajni , Iype Eldhose , Rana Sravendra , Kumar Indresh
Published: October 2023

A simple and straightforward method is developed for the enantioselective synthesis of indol‐3‐yl‐piperidine. The reaction proceeds through a proline‐catalyzed direct Mannich reaction between glutaraldehyde and C3‐indolyl‐imines, followed by intramolecular reductive cyclization as an overall [4+2] annulation in one‐pot fashion. A series of indol‐3‐yl‐piperidine have been accessed with good yields up to 71 % and high enantioselectivity up to >99 % ee.
An empirical technique to predict monthly mean global solar radiation for PV applications in Indian context
Authors: Mahima  , Karakoti Indira , Nandan Hemwati , Pathak P. P.
Published: October 2023

Global radiation is a significant input in the design and simulation of solar PV as well as low temperature solar thermal systems. Moreover, meteorological conditions of any location also greatly influence the design, simulation, and output of the solar energy system. The considerable importance of global radiation leads to a dire need for global radiation models in the lack of measurement. Consequently, to enhance the predictability of solar resources over India, models for global radiation simulation through meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) are proposed. Data of nine stations from NASA for 10 years (2008–2017) are used in the study to calibrate the models and performance of developed models is assessed through different statistical indicators (MPE, MBE, RMSE, R2, RMSD, NSE, and TS). The investigation reveals that out of the three proposed models, the model correlating total solar radiation with relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed is found to provide the highest accuracy in global radiation simulation with least statistical errors and is selected as best fit model. Moreover, validation of the proposed models is approved through monthly average daily total solar radiation predication for the remaining four testing cities of India and also through comparison with previously available models in the literature.
Benchmark study of performances and durability between different stack technologies for high temperature electrolysis
Authors: Aicart Jerome , Surrey Alexander , Champelovier Lucas , Henault Kilian , Geipel Chistian , Posdziech Oliver , Mougin Julie
Published: October 2023

In the current landscape of high temperature electrolysis, mainly two solid oxide cell (SOC) technologies are being used: electrolyte‐supported and cathode‐supported SOCs. The geometrical differences, namely the thickness of the electrolyte, can lead to vastly different operating temperatures. Since most phenomena affecting performance and durability remain thermally activated, comparing stack technologies can be a difficult endeavor at best.

While the most visible goal of the European project MultiPLHY consists of Sunfire GmbH building the first multi‐megawatt solid oxide electrolyzer, a work package is being dedicated to stack testing in a laboratory environment. A harmonized protocol was first elaborated to allow comparing different stack technologies. It includes the recording of performance maps, several galvanostatic steps in thermoneutral conditions, as well as load point and thermal cycles. Subsequently, Sunfire operated a pile‐up of two 30‐cell electrolyte‐supported stacks for over 8200 h, while a 25‐cell cathode‐supported stack was tested at CEA for 6800 h.

The present article aims at presenting the findings gathered during the implementation of the protocol. This benchmark study puts forward performance maps as well as voltage and stack temperature profiles over time, and discusses some of the difficulties inherent to long‐term testing.
Examining the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on performance of the sustained attention to response task in children with an FASD
Authors: Pinner J. F. L. , Collishaw W. , Schendel M. E. , Flynn L. , Candelaria‐Cook F. T. , Cerros C. M. , Williams M. , Hill D. E. , Stephen J. M.
Published: October 2023

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), the leading known cause of childhood developmental disability, has long‐lasting effects extending throughout the lifespan. It is well documented that children prenatally exposed to alcohol have difficulties inhibiting behavior and sustaining attention. Thus, the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART), a Go/No‐go paradigm, is especially well suited to assess the behavioral and neural functioning characteristics of children with PAE. In this study, we utilized neuropsychological assessment, parent/guardian questionnaires, and magnetoencephalography during SART random and fixed orders to assess characteristics of children 8–12 years old prenatally exposed to alcohol compared to typically developing children. Compared to neurotypical control children, children with a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) diagnosis had significantly decreased performance on neuropsychological measures, had deficiencies in task‐based performance, were rated as having increased Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) behaviors and as having lower cognitive functioning by their caretakers, and had decreased peak amplitudes in Broadmann's Area 44 (BA44) during SART. Further, MEG peak amplitude in BA44 was found to be significantly associated with neuropsychological test results, parent/guardian questionnaires, and task‐based performance such that decreased amplitude was associated with poorer performance. In exploratory analyses, we also found significant correlations between total cortical volume and MEG peak amplitude indicating that the reduced amplitude is likely related in part to reduced overall brain volume often reported in children with PAE. These findings show that children 8–12 years old with an FASD diagnosis have decreased amplitudes in BA44 during SART random order, and that these deficits are associated with multiple behavioral measures.
Mother–infant shared book reading in the first year of life
Authors: Ho Cheryl Jialing , Duursma Elisabeth , Herbert Jane S.
Published: October 2023

This study examined verbal and non‐verbal features of mother–infant shared book reading in Australia during the first year of life and explored the relationship between these features and infant cognition. Mother–infant dyads were observed in this cross‐sectional study reading an unfamiliar book in a laboratory setting when infants were aged 6 months (n = 17), 9 months (n = 14), or 12 months (n = 17). High frequency maternal behaviours coded from video were the production of attention attracting behaviours, immediate talk, and verbal encouragement to maintain infant book engagement. Few significant relationships were found for infant problem‐solving scores. Infant communication scores were however associated with non‐immediate talk at 6 months, maternal questions at 9 months, and non‐book related talk at 12 months. Shared book reading provides opportunities for verbal responsiveness and literacy engagement which likely serve as an important vehicle for facilitating early cognitive development.
Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics in meningitis patients with reactivated varicella zoster virus
Authors: Liu Huili , Wang Jun , Zhang Yan , Gu Jing , Wang Yu , Yan Yongxing , Pan Dongli , Sun Zeyu
Published: October 2023

Objective

This study investigated the proteomic characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with varicella zoster virus (VZV) meningitis to understanding the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) infection by reactivated VZV.

Method

We used data‐independent acquisition model to analyze the CSF proteomic differences of 28 patients with VZV meningitis and 11 herpes zoster (HZ) patients. According to the clinical manifestations at discharge, 28 VZV meningitis patients were divided into favorable outcome group and unfavorable outcome (UO) group and their differences in CSF proteome were also analyzed.

Results

Compared with the HZ group, the proteins (CXCL10, ELANE, IL‐1RN, MPO, PRTN3, etc.) related to inflammation and immune cell activation were significantly upregulated in the VZV meningitis group (p < .01). The protein related to the nerve function and energy metabolism (CKMT1B, SLITRK3, Synaptotagmin‐3, KIF5B, etc.) were significantly downregulated (p < .05). The levels of a pro‐inflammatory factor, IL‐18, in CSF were significantly higher in patients in the UO group as compared to patients with favorable prognosis (p < .05).

Conclusion

Inflammatory immune response is an important pathophysiological mechanism of CNS infection by VZV, and the CSF IL‐18 levels might be a potential prognostic indicator of the outcomes of VZV meningitis.
Research progress on the activation mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in septic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wen Yuqi , Liu Yang , Liu Weihong , Liu Wenli , Dong Jinyan , Liu Qingkuo , Hao Hao , Ren Hongsheng
Published: October 2023

Sepsis is an uncontrolled host response to infection, resulting in a clinical syndrome involving multiple organ dysfunctions. Cardiac damage is the most common organ damage in sepsis. Uncontrolled inflammatory response is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of septic cardiomyopathy (SCM). NLRP3 inflammasome promotes inflammatory response by controlling the activation of caspase‐1 and the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin IL‐1β and IL‐18. The role of NLRP3 inflammasome has received increasing attention, but its activation mechanism and regulation of inflammation in SCM remain to be investigated.
The potential roles of stress‐induced phosphoprotein 1 and connexin 43 in rats with reperfusion arrhythmia
Authors: An Li , Gao Hong , Zhong Yi , Liu Yanqiu , Cao Ying , Yi Jing , Huang Xiang , Wen Chunlei , Tong Rui , Pan Zhijun , Yan Xu , Liu Meiyan , Wang Shengzhao , Wu Hao , Hu Tingju
Published: October 2023

Objective

Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a critical gene for maintaining myocardial homeostasis. Interestingly, Cx43 and stress‐induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) were recorded to be lowly expressed in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, their impacts on reperfusion arrhythmia (RA) remain to be explored. Our study aimed to find out the related underlying mechanisms.

Methods

After the establishment of an isolated heart model through Langendorff perfusion, the heart rate, conduction activation time, conduction velocity, and conduction direction of the left ventricle were evaluated, along with the apoptotic rate detection in the collected myocardial tissues. After the construction of a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‐induced cellular model, cell apoptosis, intercellular communication, cell viability, and the content of reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and lactic dehydrogenase were measured. The expression of Cx43 and STIP1 was determined in both rat heart and cell models. The bindings of STIP3 and Cx43 to  heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were verified.

Results

Relative to the corresponding controls, Cx43 and STIP1 were decreased in myocardial tissues of RA rats and H/R‐stimulated H9C2 cells, where Cx43‐binding HSP70 and HSP90 were respectively increased and decreased, and ubiquitination level of Cx43 was enhanced. STIP1 overexpression promoted protein expression of Cx43, intercellular communication, and cell viability, and reduced cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in H/R‐stimulated H9C2 cells.

Conclusion

STIP1 promoted Cx43 expression to improve intercellular communication and reduce oxidative stress in H/R‐stimulated H9C2 cells.
Tubal superfetation following frozen–thawed single‐embryo transfers in two separate cycles: Case report and literature review
Authors: Ohana Eric , Samueli Benzion , Shahar Moran , Ben‐Haroush Avi , Shufaro Yoel
Published: October 2023

Superfetation is a very rare occurrence. In the context of assisted reproduction, it has been reported only as an intrauterine pregnancy after ovarian stimulation and/or embryo transfer in the presence of an undiagnosed ectopic pregnancy. Here we report a case of a 27‐year‐old anovulatory patient, gravida 1 para 1, who underwent two frozen–thawed single‐blastocyst transfers in separate cycles. The patient reported that 12 days after the first transfer, she had menstrual bleeding and stopped her estradiol and progesterone supplementation without undergoing a blood human chorionic gonadotropin (βhCG) test. At her request, a second cycle was immediately initiated, with endometrial thickness measuring 4 mm. Eleven days after the second transfer, the βhCG value was inappropriately high. A right tubal pregnancy corresponding to 8 gestational weeks was diagnosed. Laparoscopy revealed a prominent right tubal pregnancy in addition to a significantly smaller left tubal pregnancy. The discordant tubal pregnancies were confirmed histologically. To our knowledge, superfetation involving a second ectopic pregnancy coexistent with a first, contralateral ectopic pregnancy consequent to consecutive in vitro fertilization procedures has not previously been described in the medical literature. This case emphasizes the importance of routine βhCG testing after every IVF cycle, even if apparently unsuccessful.
Practical approaches to enhance water productivity at the farm level in Asia: A review
Authors: Meena Raj Pal , Karnam Venkatesh , Sujatha Hullehally Thimmappa , Tripathi Subhash Chander , Singh Gyanendra
Published: October 2023

The global population is constantly increasing, reached 8 billion in November 2022 and is expected to reach 9 billion by 2037. This increased population is expected to increase the demand for food, clothing and shelter, which in turn are heavily dependent on limited water resources. The available freshwater resources for agricultural use are further declining due to overexploitation and changing climate in the major food baskets of the world. This increasing water scarcity is exacerbated by expanding cities due to increasing urbanization. This calls for a new look at the allocation of water to agriculture. Therefore, the development of new strategies to improve agricultural water use may serve as an important adaptation strategy. This review attempts to include a comprehensive review of the literature on (i) the status and definition of water productivity and (ii) factors responsible for low water productivity (WP) in Asian agriculture. Furthermore, it contains practical approaches to enhance water use efficiency at the farm level covering all field crops and a range of soil types, which include (i) agronomic interventions; (ii) genetic interventions, such as the identification and cultivation of crop cultivars with high WP; and (iii) genotype, environment and crop management interactions for higher WP.
Physical Aspects of Dexibuprofen and Racemic Ibuprofen
Authors: Leising Günther , Resel Roland , Stelzer Franz , Tasch Stefan , Lanziner Arthur , Hantich Gerhard
Published: October 2023

This article presents a comparative study of ibuprofen materials in their solid state. Ibuprofen crystallizes into two different structures for the S(+) enantiomer (dexibuprofen) and racemic ibuprofen. The crystal structure of ibuprofen, its optical absorption and photoluminescence, and the thermodynamic results (melting point and heat of fusion) are discussed. From these physicochemical properties, the authors conclude that dexibuprofen, which is the most active species pharmaceutically, and racemic ibuprofen are inherently different solid‐state materials.
Effect of extended pharmacist involvement in discharge transitions of care on hospital readmission rates: Prospective, randomized, parallel arm design trial
Authors: Tasseff Natalie , Axtell Sandra , Nixon Bianca
Published: October 2023

Pharmacist involvement in transitions of care has been shown to improve patient outcomes and reduce readmission rates. Pharmacists reduce medication errors at discharge by ensuring all home medications continued are appropriate, provide pharmacist discharge patient medication education on new and existing medications therapies, and evaluate the safety and efficacy of the patient's medication therapy in order to decrease readmission rates. Results from this study may provide a financial benefit for hospital reimbursement by reducing 30 day readmission rates. The primary outcome was the comparison of composite emergency department (ED) and hospital 30 day readmission rates for patients that have extended pharmacist intervention at discharge versus standard of care. Patients 18 years of age and older with a readmission risk score of 25 or greater, and admitted on general medicine floors from November 1, 2022 through February 28, 2023 were included. Patients were randomized into a standard of care (SOC) or extended SOC group. The primary outcome was the comparison of composite ED and hospital 30 day readmission rates for patients that have extended pharmacist intervention at discharge versus SOC. A key secondary outcome included number of drug‐related problems identified and resolved. The primary outcome was analyzed using chi‐squared analysis (alpha of 0.05) and secondary outcomes as descriptive statistics. Data was analyzed using Stata® 16.1 statistical software. Two hundred and ninety‐six patients were included for analysis with 148 patients in both extended SOC and SOC groups. Extended SOC decreased the composite 30 day ED visit and hospital readmission rate by 7% (p = 0.63). Extended SOC group decreased 30 day ED visits by 4.9% and inpatient 30 day readmissions by 8.2% analyzed using descriptive statistics. Patients in extended SOC group resulted in a non‐statistical decrease in ED visits and inpatient readmissions 30 days after discharge compared to SOC group.
Clinical significance of extrahepatic bile duct resection for T2 gallbladder cancer using data from the Japanese Biliary Tract Cancer Registry between 2014 and 2018
Authors: Kato Hiroyuki , Horiguchi Akihiko , Ishihara Shin , Nakamura Masafumi , Endo Itaru
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The present study aimed to determine whether concomitant extrahepatic bile duct resection (EHBDR) improves the prognosis of patients with T2 gallbladder cancer (GBC).

Methods

Between 2014 and 2018, 4947 patients with GBC were registered in the National Biliary Tract Cancer Registry in Japan. This included 3804 patients (76.9%) who underwent curative‐intent surgical resection; 1609 of these patients had pT2 GBC with no distant metastasis. Of the 1609 patients with GBC, 520 underwent EHBDR and 1089 did not. We compared the patients' backgrounds and disease‐specific survival rates between the groups.

Results

The frequency of lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in the EHBDR group than in the non‐EHBDR group (38.2% vs. 20.7%, p < .001). In the entire cohort, however, there was no significant difference in disease‐specific survival between the two groups (76% vs. 79%, p = .410). The EHBDR group had a significantly higher incidence of postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo classification grade = 3) (32.4% vs. 11.7%, p < .001). When we focused on the survival of only T2N1 patients who underwent gallbladder bed resection, the prognosis was significantly improved for the EHBDR group (5‐year survival rate: 64% vs. 54%, p = .017). The non‐EHBDR group was subcategorized into two groups: D2 dissection and D1 dissection or sampling, and survival curves were compared between these subgroups. Although the EHBDR group tended to have a favorable prognosis compared to the D2 group, this difference was not significant (p = .167). However, the EHBDR group had a significantly greater prognosis than the D1 dissection or sampling group (5 year‐survival rate: 64 vs. 49%, p = .027).

Conclusions

The EHBDR may improve the prognosis of patients with T2 gall bladder cancer with lymph node metastases; however, its indication should be carefully determined because of the increased risk of postoperative complications.
An Endoscopic Procedure for the Simultaneous Treatment of both Otosclerosis and Malleus Fixation
Authors: Cornu Nicolas , Marchioni Daniele , Green Andrew , Hautefort Charlotte , Verillaud Benjamin , Herman Philippe , Kania Romain
Published: October 2023

To report the case of the simultaneous treatment of otosclerosis and malleus fixation through an entirely endoscopic transcanal approach. A targeted transcanalar epitympanotomy with annular bony ridge conservation was planned preoperatively, with 3D CT localization of the fixed part of the malleus head. The upper part of the malleus head and the superior ossified ligament of the malleus were drilled. A 0.6 mm stapedotomy was performed and a piston inserted. The patient's recovery was uneventful, with closure of the air‐bone gap on her postoperative audiogram, associated with an overclosure in 500Hz, 1kHz, 2 kHz and 4 kHz. Laryngoscope, 134:2411–2414, 2024
Factors Influencing Underrepresented Medical Students' Career Choice in Surgical Subspecialties
Authors: Pershad Alisha R. , Kidwai Mohammad S. , Lugo Ciara A. , Lee Esther , Tummala Neelima , Thakkar Punam
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Surgical subspecialties rank among the least racially and gender diverse of the medical specialties. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the current factors that influence female, gender and sexual minority (GSM), and underrepresented in medicine (URiM)‐identifying medical students' decision to pursue a career in a surgical subspecialty.

Data sources

A structured literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Criteria for eligibility included surveys and interviews assessing factors and barriers influencing underrepresented medical students' career choices.

Review methods

Two independent researchers screened the articles' titles and abstracts for relevance; three performed full‐text reviews.

Results

Of 343 studies identified, 17 met the inclusion criteria. Fourteen (82%) were survey‐based studies; three (18%) were qualitative interviews. Represented minorities included females (14), URiM (13), and GSM (4). Female medical students were most influenced by (1) exposure to surgery, (2) mentorship, and (3) surgical lifestyle. URiM medical students were most influenced by (1) mentorship, (2) culture and diversity, (3) research opportunities, and (4) personality fit. GSM medical students were most influenced by identity acceptance and instances of discrimination and bias.

Conclusions

Our review provides granular data on positive and negative factors influencing career choice among underrepresented medical students to facilitate the development of a more diverse surgical workforce. Female medical students were more positively influenced by increased exposure to surgical subspecialties, whereas URiM medical students were more positively influenced by race‐concordant mentorship. Laryngoscope, 134:1498–1506, 2024
Spatiotemporal evolution and driving mechanism of slope cultivated land in karst mountainous areas of Southwest China—A case study of Puding County, Guizhou Province
Authors: Yu Limin , Li Yangbing , Luo Guangjie , Ge Guanghui , Zhang Han , Tang Fang , Yu Meng
Published: October 2023

Slope‐cultivated land (SCL) is essential for food security and ecological protection in Southwest China's karst mountainous areas (KMA). Constructing a unified conceptual framework to study SCL's spatiotemporal evolution characteristics thoroughly and driving mechanisms can comprehensively reveal the development of regional human–land relations and sustainable land use. Therefore, this article first constructs a conceptual framework for the spatiotemporal evolution of SCL in the KMA of Southwest China and carries out a case study in Puding County, a typical karst mountainous area, based on high‐resolution remote sensing images from 2004 to 2020 and the digital elevation model (DEM), to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of SCL in different topographic gradients and introduce the Geodetector further to explore the driving factors of SCL evolution. The results show that the SCL is evolving toward fragmentation, driven by socio‐economic factors. The active policy of the state encourages to abandon steep SCL with poor productivity in the KMA, and the abandonment of SCL in high altitude steep slope areas into woodland and grassland brings remarkable ecological benefits, while the evolution of SCL in low altitude gentle slope areas toward economic fruit forest generates significant obvious ecological‐economic win‐win benefits. The evolution of SCL in southwestern karst mountains has promoted regional ecological restoration and made an important contribution to the greening of the world by reducing land degradation (karstic rocky desertification, KRD). The present research results can provide ideas for the utilization, functional transformation, and ecologically sustainable development of similar mountainous SCL.
Electrophysiological and molecular changes following neuroprotective placental protein administration on tinnitus‐induced rats
Authors: Farhadi Mohammad , Gorji Ali , Mirsalehi Marjan , Poletaev Alexander Borisovich , Asadpour Abdoreza , Mahboudi Fereidoun , Jafarian Maryam , Farrahizadeh Maryam , Akbarnejad Zeinab , Mahmoudian Saeid
Published: October 2023

Objective

Despite 6%–20% of the adult population suffering from tinnitus, there is no standard treatment for it. Placenta extract has been used for various therapeutic purposes, including hearing loss. Here, we evaluate the effect of a novel neuroprotective protein composition (NPPC) extract on electrophysiological and molecular changes in the medial geniculate body (MGB) of tinnitus‐induced rats.

Methods

To evaluate the protein analysis by western blot, the rats were divided into three groups: (1) saline group (intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg saline twice a day for 28 consecutive days, (2) chronic Na‐Sal group received sodium salicylate as in the first group, and (3) chronic treatment group (received salicylate 200 mg/kg twice daily for 2 weeks, followed by 0.4 mg NPPC daily from day 14 to day 28). Single‐unit recordings were performed on a separate group that was treated as in group 4. Gap‐prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle (GPIAS) and pre‐pulse inhibition (PPI) was performed to confirm tinnitus in all groups at the baseline, 14th and 28th days.

Results

Western blot analysis showed that the expression of γ‐Aminobutyric acid Aα1 subunit (GABA Aα1), N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor subtype 2B (NR2B or NMDAR2B), α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid receptors subunit GluR1 (GluR1), and α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid receptors subunit GluR2 (GluR2) decreased after Na‐Sal injection, while NPPC upregulated their expression. MGB units in rats with tinnitus showed decreased spontaneous firing rate, burst per minute, and a spike in a burst. After NPPC administration, neural activity patterns showed a significant positive effect of NPPC on tinnitus.

Conclusion

NPPC can play an effective role in the treatment of tinnitus in salicylate‐induced rats, and MGB is one of the brain areas involved in these processes.

Level of Evidence

NA.
Validating cross‐modal measures for comparative research: Message veracity, novelty, and memorability
Authors: Jensen Jakob D. , Krakow Melinda M. , Christy Katheryn R. , Ratcliff Chelsea L. , Pokharel Manusheela , Lillie Helen
Published: October 2023

Marketing researchers are interested in the relative persuasiveness of different message modes, such as narratives and arguments. A desire to explicate and compare underlying mechanisms is central to this research, yet progress is hindered by a dearth of measures that can be used meaningfully across modes. In the current project, we identify and validate three cross‐modal message perceptions—veracity, novelty, and memorability—that can mediate the relationship between different modes and outcomes. Three studies (Study 1: N = 105; Study 2: N = 322; Study 3: N = 248) confirmed the factor structure, discriminant validity, and cross‐modal (narrative vs. argument) value of all three message perceptions. The results of this study provide researchers with three cross‐modal measures to support comparative message effects research.
Tex10 interacts with STAT3 to regulate hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis
Authors: Xiang Xiaocong , Kuang Wei , Yu Chunlei , Li Yuqi , Su Qiang , Tian Yunhong , Li Jingdong
Published: October 2023

Testis expression 10 (Tex10) is reported to be associated with tumorigenesis in several types of cancer types, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis has not been investigated. In this study, the expression of Tex10 in the HCC cell line and tissue microarray was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. RNA sequencing‐based transcriptome analysis was performed to identify the Tex10‐mediated biological process. Cell Counting Kit‐8, colony formation, transwell assays, xenograft tumor growth, and lung metastasis experiments in nude mice were applied to assess the effects of Tex10 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. The underlying mechanisms were further investigated using dual‐luciferase reporter, co‐immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. We found that Tex10 was upregulated in HCC tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, with its expression correlated with a poor prognosis. Gene ontology function enrichment analysis revealed alterations in several biological processes in response to Tex10 knockdown, especially cell motility and cell migration. Functional studies demonstrated that Tex10 promotes HCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Tex10 was shown to regulate invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling. Mechanistically, Tex10 was found to interact with STAT3 and promote its transcriptional activity. In addition, we found that Tex10 promotes p300‐mediated STAT3 acetylation, while p300 silencing abolishes Tex10‐enhanced STAT3 transcriptional activity. Together, these findings indicate that Tex10 functions as an oncogene by upregulating STAT3 activity, thus suggesting that Tex10 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and/or therapeutic target for HCC patients.
Progresses in biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Lin Xuwen , Zong Chenyu , Zhang Zhihan , Fang Weiyi , Xu Ping
Published: October 2023

Currently, checkpoint inhibitor‐based immunotherapy has emerged as prevailing treatment modality for diverse cancers. However, immunotherapy as a first‐line therapy has not consistently yielded durable responses. Moreover, the risk of immune‐related adverse events increases with combination regimens. Thus, the development of predictive biomarkers is needed to optimize individuals benefit, minimize risk of toxicities, and guide combination approaches. The greatest focus has been on tumor programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor mutational burden (TMB). However, there remains a subject of debate due to thresholds variability and significant heterogeneity. Major unmet challenges in immunotherapy are the discovery and validation of predictive biomarkers. Here, we show the status of tumor PD‐L1, MSI, TMB, and emerging data on novel biomarker strategies with oncogenic signaling and epigenetic regulation. Considering the exploration of peripheral and intestinal immunity has served as noninvasive alternative in predicting immunotherapy, this review also summarizes current data in systemic immunity, encompassing solute PD‐L1 and TMB, circulating tumor DNA and infiltrating lymphocytes, routine emerging inflammatory markers and cytokines, as well as gut microbiota. This review provides up‐to‐date information on the evolving field of currently available biomarkers in predicting immunotherapy. Future exploration of novel biomarkers is warranted.
Recurrent human 16p11.2 microdeletions in type I Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome patients in Chinese Han population
Authors: Su Kaizhen , Liu Han , Ye Xiaoqun , Jin Hangmei , Xie Zhenwei , Yang Chunbo , Zhou Daizhan , Huang Hefeng , Wu Yanting
Published: October 2023

Backgrounds

Mayer‐Rokitansky‐Küster‐Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, a severe congenital malformation of the female genital tract, is a highly heterogeneous disease which has no clear etiology. Previous studies have suggested that copy number variations (CNVs) and single‐gene mutations might contribute to the development of MRKH syndrome. In particular, deletions in 16p11.2, which are suggested to be involved in several congenital diseases, have been reported in Chinese type II MRKH patients and European MRKH patients. However, few CNVs including 16p11.2 microdeletions were identified in Chinese type I MRKH cases although it accounted for the majority of MRKH patients in China. Thus, we conducted a retrospective study to identify whether CNVs at human chromosome 16p11.2 are risk factors of type I MRKH syndrome in the Chinese Han population.

Methods

We recruited 143 patients diagnosed with type I MRKH between 2012 and 2014. Five hundred unrelated Chinese without congenital malformation were enrolled in control group, consisting of 197 from the 1000 Genomes Project and 303 from Fudan University. Quantitative PCR, array comparative genomic hybridization, and sanger sequencing were conducted to screen and verify candidate variant.

Results

Our study identified recurrent 16p11.2 microdeletions of approximately 600 kb in two out of the 143 type I MRKH syndrome patients using high‐density array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), while no 16p11.2 deletion was found in the control group. We did not find any mutations in TBX6 gene in our samples.

Conclusions

The results of the study identify 16p11.2 deletion in Chinese MRKH I patients for the first time, as well as support the contention that 16p11.2 microdeletions are associated with MRKH syndrome in both types across populations. It is suggested that 16p11.2 microdeletions should be included in molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling of female reproductive tract disorders.
Occupational groups and lower urinary tract symptoms: A cross‐sectional analysis of women in the Boston Area Community Health Study
Authors: Markland Alayne , Bavendam Tamara , Cain Charles , Neill Epperson C. , Fitzgerald Colleen M. , Yvette LaCoursiere D. , Shoham David A. , Smith Ariana L. , Sutcliffe Siobhan , Rudser Kyle ,   Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Research Consortium
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The objective of this study is to inform our hypothesis that the workplace toileting environment may impact lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS); we examined the prevalence of LUTS across occupational groups in the Boston Area Community Health Survey.

Methods

At baseline, women (n = 3205) reported their occupation and frequency of 15 LUTS. Using the US Department of Labor's Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system, we categorized women into 11 standard occupational groups. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated by log‐link generalized linear models, adjusting for age, race, education, fluid intake, and parity. Women classified in Office and Administrative Support were used as the reference group given their potential for fewer workplace toileting restrictions.

Results

Of the 3189 women with complete data, 68% of women reported any LUTS, ranging from 57% to 82% across the SOCs. Relative to women in Office and Administrative Support (n = 576), women in Computing, Engineering, and Science (n = 64) were more likely to report any LUTS (PR = 1.2, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.0–1.4) and urinating again in <2 h (PR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.4–2.2), and women in Education, Legal, Community Service, Arts, and Media (n = 477), as well as Healthcare Practitioner and Technical Occupations (n = 162), were less likely to report perceived frequent daytime urination (PR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.5–0.9 and PR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4–0.9, respectively).

Conclusions

Our cross‐sectional findings suggest that urination frequency varies across understudied occupational groups with various workplace toileting environments. Future studies should examine this relationship prospectively to inform the influence of workplace toileting environments on urination frequency, as well as the development and/or worsening of LUTS.
The pooled analysis evaluates the therapeutic efficacy of desmopressin combined with anticholinergic drugs in the treatment of pediatric nocturnal enuresis
Authors: Tang Gonglin , Liu Hongquan , Wu Gang , Ding Guixin , Chu Yongli , Cui Yuanshan , Wu Jitao
Published: October 2023

Objective

This pooled analysis aims to demonstrate the clinical efficacy and safety of combined desmopressin and anticholinergic therapy in the treatment of pediatric nocturnal enuresis (NE).

Methods

A systematic search was conducted through PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ResearchGate, and Cochrane Library to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing monotherapy with desmopressin versus combined therapy with desmopressin and anticholinergic agents for the treatment of NE. Data analysis was performed using RevMan version 5.4.1.

Results

This study included 8 RCTs involving a total of 659 patients. The frequencies of complete response (CR), partial response (PR), and nonresponse (NR) were computed for both short‐term treatment (1 month) and long‐term treatment (3 months). Additionally, alterations in the mean number of NE episodes, adverse events, and relapse were assessed. Our analysis indicates that, in comparison to the monotherapy group, the combination therapy group plays a pivotal role in augmenting the CR odds and diminishing the NR ratios in both short‐term and long‐term treatments (1 month CR ratio [risk ratio (RR): 1.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–2.76; p = 0.003, I2 = 72%]; 3 months CR ratio [RR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.25–1.76; p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%]; 1 month NR ratio [RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.55–0.82; p = 0.0001, I2 = 0%]; 3 months CR ratio [RR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.19–0.73; p = 0.004, I2 = 0%]). Furthermore, in both short‐term and long‐term treatment, the combined therapy group exhibits a greater magnitude of change in the average number of NE episodes compared to patients receiving monotherapy (1 month, mean difference [MD] = −2.97; 95% CI: −4.23 to −1.71, p < 0.0001; 3 months, MD = −4.30; 95% CI: −7.18 to −1.43, p = 0.003). Moreover, the combination therapy group exhibits a significant reduction in the recurrence rate (RR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.15–0.86; p = 0.02). There is no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (RR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.58‐2.31; p = 0.67).

Conclusion

Combining desmopressin with anticholinergic medications is more effective for NE than desmopressin alone, with lower recurrence and minimal adverse effects.
Association between diabetes mellitus and postoperative urinary retention after cerebral angiography
Authors: Chen Xiwen , Yao Shaoli , Peng Cheng , Wu Kongyuan , Lang Hui , Chen Ning
Published: October 2023

Aims

The aim of this study is to examine the association between diabetes mellitus and postoperative urinary retention on cerebral angiography (including intravascular interventional therapy).

Methods

We collected data on the demographic characteristics and comorbidities, imaging and routine laboratory data, surgical information, and medications of patients who underwent cerebral angiography. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the correlation between diabetes and the incidence of postoperative urinary retention.

Results

A total of 932 patients were included, with a mean age of 59.7 years (74.1% men). Postoperative urinary retention occurred in 40.8% of the diabetes mellitus group and 30.3% of the group without diabetes. Compared with the group without diabetes, those with diabetes were more likely to experience postoperative urinary retention. Patients with higher glycosylated hemoglobin A1c levels had a higher risk of developing postoperative urinary retention.

Conclusions

Diabetes was independently linked to postoperative urinary retention following cerebral angiography and patients with glycosylated hemoglobin A1c levels > 6% were more likely to experience postoperative urinary retention. Therefore, clinically regulating blood glucose levels may help to reduce the likelihood of postoperative urinary retention after cerebral angiography.
How does entrepreneur core self‐evaluation affect entrepreneurial orientation in social enterprises? Evidence from China
Authors: Peng Xiaobao , Chen Yuhui , Ge Rile , Hou Sihan , Li Mengying
Published: October 2023

With the global trend of sustainable development, traditional nonprofit organizations are facing the challenge of economic value creation. Entrepreneurship offers a possibility for nonprofit organizations to survive with innovative business methods. Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) reflects the degree of innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk‐taking in terms of organizational entrepreneurial behavior. Research on the mechanisms of EO formation in a social context is still in the exploratory stage. While a large number of studies have explored dimensional modifications to EO, it has yet to consider how EO in a social context is affected at the individual level. To address this gap, we explain the potential impact of social entrepreneurs’ core self‐evaluation (CSE) on EO from social cognitive theory using a sample of Chinese social enterprises. The findings suggest that CSE has a significant positive effect on EO. We also distinguish the partially mediating role played by the two approaches and avoidance motives. The findings also suggest that the high socioeconomic status of social entrepreneurs strengthens the relationship between CSE and EO, as well as the relationship between CSE and both motives. Our findings provide valuable insights into the decision‐making behavior of social enterprises for sustainable development.
Standardization of dual‐energy x‐ray visceral adipose tissue measures for comparison across clinical imaging systems
Authors: Bennett Jonathan P. , Fan Bo , Liu En , Kazemi Leila , Wu Xian‐Ping , Zhou Hou‐De , Lu Ying , Shepherd John A.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and clinical guidelines have been proposed to define VAT levels associated with increased risk. The aim was to standardize VAT measures between two dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) manufacturers who provide different VAT estimates to support standardization of measures across imaging modalities.

Methods

Scans from 114 individuals (ages 18–81 years) on GE HealthCare (GEHC) and Hologic DXA systems were compared via Deming regression to standardize VAT between the two systems, validated in a separate sample (n = 15), with κ statistics to assess agreement of VAT measurements for classifying patients into risk categories.

Results

The GEHC and Hologic VAT measures were highly correlated and validated in the separate data set (r2 = 0.97). VAT area measures substantially agreed for metabolic risk classification (weighted κ = 0.76) with no significant differences in the population mean values.

Conclusions

VAT measures can be estimated from GEHC and Hologic scans that classify individuals in a substantially similar way into metabolic risk categories, and systematic bias between the measures can be removed using simple regression equations. These findings allow for DXA VAT measures to be used in complement to other imaging modalities, regardless of whether scans used GEHC or Hologic systems.
A material model for thick, rate‐dependent adhesives with delocalized softening
Authors: Schumacher Aaron , Matzenmiller Anton
Published: October 2023

This contribution is dedicated to the development and implementation of a material model to describe the deformation behaviour of assembly adhesives. These assembly adhesives are usually used with thicknesses of several millimetres up to centimetres in order to compensate for large relative displacements of joining parts. These large displacements can be resisted by assembly adhesives, since they have a low shear modulus and thus a high strain until failure above their glass transition temperature. As a basis, the isothermal and isotropic hyperelasticity theory is used to describe the elastic deformation behaviour up to the postcritical range by using an isochoric–volumetric decomposition of the deformation gradient. The Arruda–Boyce and Ogden models are employed here for the isochoric‐elastic and volumetric‐elastic description. The modelling of the rate‐dependence concerning shear and bulk viscosity succeeds by extending the hyperelasticity theory to the theory of finite viscoelasticity with the generalized Maxwell model in each case. In order to model the postcritical deformation behaviour, an isotropic damage model is developed based on the energy limiting method and used to define an isochoric and a volumetric damage variable, so that the mapping of softening due to change of shape, as well as cavitation, succeeds. Furthermore, the damage variables are delocalized to prevent pathological mesh dependence by using the integral regularization method. Finally, the material parameters are determined and validated by means of measurement data due to tests at the assembly adhesive Betaforce 2850L. The results demonstrate a high prediction quality.
Gastrointestinal symptoms, diagnostic evaluations, and abdominal pathology in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Dike Chinenye R. , Fittro Sarah , Oster Robert A. , Morrow Casey D. , Brandow Amanda , Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy , Lebensburger Jeffrey
Published: October 2023

Background

Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) frequently present with acute pain. The abdomen, a common site of acute SCD‐related pain, may be present in a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) pathologies. Limited data exist on prevalence and workup of abdominal pain in patients with SCD during acute pain events.

Objectives

Determine prevalence of GI symptoms, GI‐specific evaluation and risks of hospitalization in children with SCD presenting to the emergency department (ED) or hospitalized with abdominal pain.

Methods

Retrospective study of children less than 21 years presenting to the ED or hospitalized with pain in our center over 2 years. Descriptive statistics were used to report clinical characteristics, frequency of GI symptoms, workup by age (<5 vs. ≥5 years), and genotype (sickle cell anemia [SCA] vs. non‐SCA). Logistic regression models were used to identify risks associated with hospitalization.

Results

A total of 1279 encounters in 378 patients were analyzed; 23% (n = 291) encounters were associated with abdominal pain. More abdominal pain‐associated hospitalizations occurred in older children, SCA, children with lower mean hemoglobin (8.7 ± 1.9 vs. 9.6 ± 1.6 g/dL, p < .001) and higher mean white blood cell (WBC) count (14.9 ± 6.6 vs. 13.2 ± 5.3 × 103/μL, p = .02). We identified that less than 50% of patients presenting to the ED with abdominal pain received a GI‐specific evaluation.

Conclusion

Children with SCD frequently present with abdominal pain and other GI symptoms, with limited GI evaluations performed. GI‐specific evaluation may increase diagnosis of GI pathologies, rule out GI pathologies, and contribute to the limited knowledge of the abdomen as a primary site of SCD pain.