bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Objective structured practical examination in experimental physiology increased satisfaction of medical students
Authors: Mard Seyed Ali , Ghafouri Samireh
Published: August 2019

Background Medical education is a dynamic process and needs to be improved to meet the new expectation from medical practitioners, health worker and community. An important part of medical student’s education is selection of an appropriate assessment method. The objective structured practical examination (OSPE) can evaluate practical capabilities in suitable step-wise, scientific, targeted and scheduled manner with direct consideration of student’s execution during programmed test stations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of the OSPE utilization versus traditional practical examination (TPE) for evaluating students in experimental physiology.Material and Methods A total 120 second year medical students for experimental physiology exam were entered in this study: 1. TPE group (TPE used as a final exam; n=40); 2) TPE + OSPE group (TPE applied for half of topics and OSPE for another half; n=41); and 3. OSPE group (OSPE performed as a final exam; n=39). In order to evaluate the effect of OSPE, the average of final grade of studied groups were compared. In addition, a 5 points Likert scale questionnaire, consisting of 10 questions was used to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated the student’ s attitude on the used method.Results Obtained results showed that the total grade in TPE group was significantly higher in comparison to TPE+OSPE and OSPE groups (respectively P<0.01 and P<0.05), while according to student’s expression, the average score for all of items in feedback questionnaire was increased significantly in TPE+OSPE and OSPE groups compared with TPE group (P<0.001).Conclusion In summary, feedback from students showed, they were in favor of OSPE compared with the TPE and regarding their expressions in feedback questionnaire OSPE can improve learning in physiology and increase students’ satisfaction.
Comparison of a Traditional Practical-Based Identification for Microscopic Image Examination with a Microsoft PowerPoint Examination in the Influence of Dental and Medical Students’ Learning Outcome and Motivation in a Histology Laboratory Course at NDMC in Taiwan
Authors: Lan Hsin-Chieh , Cheng Chia-Pi , Chen Jang-Yi , Yin Fon-Yi , Chiang Ming-Hsien , Huang Shing-Hwa , Lin Gu-Jiun
Published: August 2019

Background: Histology laboratory courses are morphologic study in the structure of the cells, tissues, and organs of the body that are mainly examined with a microscope. There are two types of examinations to assess learning outcomes in Taiwan. The first is a traditional practical-based identification for microscopic image (PBIMI) examination, and the second is Microsoft PowerPoint (MS PPT) examination. Whether these two types of examinations exhibit different influences on students’ learning motivation has not been evaluated.
Methods: In this study, we compared the grades of dental students and medical students in the National Defense Medical Center who completed PBIMI or MS PPT examinations and investigated the influence of the type of examination on the students’ learning outcomes and motivation. We also conducted a survey among the medical students to confirm the hypothesis concluded from the grade analysis.
Results: There was a significant decrease in the percentage of students scoring 61 to 80 in the MS PPT group compared to that in the PBIMI group in the midterm examination of dental students. The average score on the MS PPT examination was significantly higher than that on the PBIMI examination among medical students who completing both examinations. The average failing scores on the midterm examination among the students tested with the PBIMI examination were significantly lower than the scores among the students tested with the MS PPT examination. The results of the survey also showed that the MS PPT examination is easier for students and that they will spend less time learning the material when the MS PPT examination is utilized for assessment.
Conclusion: This study suggests that the type of examination affects learning motivation in less self-demanding students. The MS PPT test is easier for the students and leads to less time spent studying for the histology laboratory course, especially among the students with fewer self-demands or less interest in the course.
Evolutionary history of two cryptic species of Northern African jerboas
Authors: Moutinho Ana Filipa , Serén Nina , Paupério Joana , Silva Teresa Luísa , Martínez-Freiría Fernando , Sotelo Graciela , Faria Rui , Mappes Tapio , Alves Paulo Célio , Brito José Carlos , Boratyński Zbyszek
Published: August 2019

Background

Complex paleo-climatic and geological events shape species distributions, thus affecting their evolutionary history. In Sahara-Sahel, climatic oscillations shifted the desert extent during the Pliocene-Pleistocene interval, triggering the diversification of several species. Here, we investigated how these biogeographical and ecological events have shaped patterns of genetic diversity and divergence in African Jerboas, desert specialist’s species. We focused on two closely-related and cryptic species, Jaculus jaculus and J. hirtipes, where we (1) evaluated their genetic differentiation, (2) reconstructed their evolutionary and demographic history; (3) tested the level of gene flow between them and (4) assessed their ecological niche divergence.

Results

The analyses based on 321 individuals sampled throughout North Africa, 8 sequence fragments (including one mitochondrial and seven single copy nuclear DNA), 6 microsatellite markers and ecological modelling revealed: (1) a deep genetic divergence between J. jaculus and J. hirtipes, despite their overlapping distribution, (2) low levels of gene flow and strong species delimitation, in agreement with their classification as different taxa, (3) high genetic diversity but no apparent geographic population structure within species, suggesting large-distance migration between remote locations, concordant with putative demographic expansions, and (4) low level of large-scale ecological divergence between the two taxa, suggesting species micro-habitat specialization.

Conclusions

Overall, our results suggest a speciation event during the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition followed by the colonization of most of the Northern Africa by both evolutionary units. The contemporary distribution of genetic variation might reflect an ongoing expansion, demonstrating the ability of these species for fast and long-range colonization. Despite the largely overlapping distribution at a macrogeographic scale, our genetic results suggest that the two species remain reproductively isolated with only negligible levels gene flow being observed. The overlapping ecological preferences at a macro-geographic scale and the ecological divergence at a micro-habitat scale suggest that local adaptation might have played a crucial role in the speciation process of these species.
The prevalence of undiagnosed age-related sight threatening diseases in self-proclaimed healthy individuals
Authors: Lemmens Sophie , Breda João Barbosa , Keer Karel Van , Jacobs Tine , Landeghem Ruben Van , De Boever Patrick , Stalmans Ingeborg
Published: August 2019

Background Age-related conditions such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DRP) and cataract have become the major cause of visual impairment and blindness in high-income countries and carry a major socio-economic burden. The aim of the current study is to investigate the prevalence of age-related eye diseases such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and cataract in a cohort of self-proclaimed healthy elderly, and thus get a rough estimation of the prevalence of undiagnosed age-related eye conditions in the Belgian population.Methods Individuals aged 55 and older without ophthalmological complaints were asked to fill in a general medical questionnaire and underwent an ophthalmological examination, which included a biomicroscopic examination, intraocular pressure measurement, axial length measurement, and acquisition of fundus pictures and Optical Coherence Tomography scans. Information regarding follow-up was collected in the subset of participants who received the advice of referral to an ophthalmologist or the advice to have more frequent follow-up visits, based on the ophthalmological changes detected in their evaluation.Results The cohort included 102 people and comprised 46% men (median age 70 years, range 57-85 years). Referral for additional examinations based on clinical findings, was made in 26 participants (25%). The advice to have more regular follow-up ophthalmologist visits was given to nine additional participants (9%). No significant correlations between baseline characteristics, including eye care consumption, and the need for referral could be identified. Follow-up information was available for 25 out of 26 referred volunteers (96%). Out of these, four (16%) underwent a therapeutical intervention based on study referral, up until 18 months after study participation. All four interventions took place in the age group 65 - 74 years.Conclusions This study shows that even in an elderly population with self-proclaimed healthy eyes and good general health, a significant proportion of subjects showed ocular findings that need regular follow up and/or intervention. Moreover, the frequency of prior ophthalmological examinations does not seem to be relevant to this proportion, meaning that everyone above 55 years old needs a routine ophthalmological evaluation.
Evaluation of ultrasound-guided Freka-Trelumina enteral nutrition tube placement in the treatment of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Liu Zhijun , Guo Jintao , Ren Weidong , Tang Shaoshan , Huang Ying , Huang Liping , Sun Siyu , Lin Lianjie
Published: August 2019

Background Enteral nutrition should be implemented as early as possible in patients with moderate or severe acute pancreatitis. This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided Freka-Trelumina tube placement for enteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis.Methods Patients with severe acute pancreatitis admitted to Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University who needed Freka-Trelumina tube placement for enteral nutrition and gastrointestinal decompression were included in the current study. The relevant evaluation indicators of tube placement include the success rate of tube placement, tube placement time, tube shift rate, and blocking rate. In addition, the evaluation indicators of ultrasound-guided tube placement (from 1 January 2018 to 31 July 2019) was compared with those of previously endoscope-guided placement (from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017) by analysed the data from electronic medical record system.Results The success rate of ultrasound-guided tube placement was 90.7% (49/54). All 49 patients tolerated the Freka-Trelumina feeding tube. The average ultrasound-guided tube placement time for the 49 patients was 18.4 ± 12.8 min (range, 5-36 min). The Freka-Trelumina feeding tube had a shift rate of 10.2% (5/49). The blocking rate of the Freka-Trelumina feeding tube was 12.2% (6/49). The success rate of tube placement, tube shift rate and blocking rate for the endoscope-guided tube placement were 100% (62/62), 11.3% (7/62), 12.9% (8/62). The average endoscope-guided tube placement time for the 62 patients was 16.5 ± 5.7 min (range, 12-31 min).Conclusion The ultrasound-guided method can be operated non-invasively at the bedside, which is safe and convenient, and place the Freka-Trelumina feeding tube in time to achieve the goal of early enteral nutrition and gastrointestinal decompression.
Outcomes evaluation after application of multidisciplinary protocol of shared hospital care in patients aged 65 years and older and operated for hip fracture
Authors: Marín Jorge Salvador , Martínez Francisco Javier Ferrández , Ripoll José Miguel Seguí , Rico José Antonio Quesada , Beltrán Domingo Orozco , Carratala-Munuera Concepcion , López José Fernando Martínez , Campos Juan Carlos Marzo
Published: August 2019

Purpose

In geriatric patients, hip fracture is considered the greatest complication of osteoporosis in terms of morbidity, mortality, and cost. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of a multidisciplinary shared care protocol (trauma services, internal medicine, emergencies, anesthesia, nursing, hematology, pharmacy, rehabilitation, home hospitalization unit, and social services) on hospital stay and in-hospital mortality in inpatients aged 65 years or older and operated for hip fracture.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study between January 2011 and December 2017. The unexposed group was made up of patients who did not receive care according to the multidisciplinary protocol, while the exposed group did. We excluded patients with polytrauma, conservative treatment, bilateral hip fracture, pathological fracture, or previous fracture already included in the series. Variables analyzed were demographic data, medical comorbidities, Charlson index, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit and blood transfusion, antiplatelet drugs, length of surgical delay, length of hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, and a composite risk outcome considering in-hospital mortality and/or hospital stay of more than 10 days. We fit a multivariable logistic regression model to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of experiencing outcomes.

Results

The cohort included 681 patients: 310 were unexposed and 371, exposed. Compared to the unexposed group, patients receiving protocolized multidisciplinary care showed significantly lower in-hospital mortality (3.5% versus 7.7%; p = 0.015) and were less likely to have a hospital stay of more than 10 (16.4% versus 24.2%; p = 0.012). Mean length of hospital stay was 0.7 fewer days in the exposed group. Multivariable analysis showed the composite risk outcome was 51% lower in the exposed group, after adjusting for age, sex, heart failure, days to surgery, blood transfusion after surgery, and postoperative hemoglobin levels.

Conclusion

Implementing the multidisciplinary shared care protocol halved the risk of in-hospital mortality and/or a hospital admission of more than 10 days in patients over 65 years with proximal femur fracture. It also reduced mean length of hospital stay.
Is Romosozumab better than Teriparatide for the treatment of osteoporosis? A meta-analysis through a grade analysis of evidence
Authors: Liu Zhao-hui , Ma Jian-xiong , Sun Xiao-lei , Zhang Shun , Kuang Ming-jie , Ma Xin-long
Published: August 2019

Background

Osteoporosis is a common systemic skeletal disease. With an ageing population, the socioeconomic effect of osteoporosis will remarkably improve. Romosozumab (EVENITYTM) is a new osteoanabolic drug, which is a humanised monoclonal antibody against sclerostin, and received its first global approval for the treatment of osteoporosis in patients at high risk of fracture in Japan on January 8, 2019. Teriparatide is the first osteoanabolic drug. However, there is no comprehensive analysis and systematic review about the efficacy and safety of the two treatment.

Method

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about our analysis were searched from electronic database, including Pubmed (1996 to June 2019), Embase (1980 to June 2019), Cochrane Library (CENTRAL, June 2019), Web of Science (1998 to June 2019) and others. Four studies were included in our meta-analysis.

Results

Four studies containing 1304 patients meet our selection criteria. Our result of analysis indicated that Romosozumab showed better effects in improving BMD of lumbar spine (month 6: MD=3.54, 95% CI [3.13, 3.94], P<0.00001; month 12: MD=4.93, 95% CI [4.21, 5.64], P<0.00001), total hip (month 6: MD=2.27, 95% CI [0.62, 3.91], P=0.007; month 12: MD=3.17, 95% CI [2.68, 3.65], P<0.00001) and femoral neck (month 6: MD=2.30, 95% CI [0.51, 4.08], P=0.01; month 12: MD=3.04, 95% CI [2.29, 3.78], P<0.00001). And the injection-site reaction was fewer (month 12: RR=2.84, 95% CI [1.22, 6.59], P=0.02).But there were no significant differences in the incidence of serious adverse events (month 12: RR=0.78, 95% CI [0.46, 1.33], P=0.37), and death (month 12: RR=0.61, 95% CI [0.08, 4.62], P=0.63).

Conclusion

Based on the available studies, our current results demonstrated that Romosozumab was better than Teriparatide both in terms of efficacy and side effects.
Validation of the Clinical Frailty Score (CFS) in French language
Authors: ABRAHAM PAUL , COURVOISIER Delphine S. , ANNWEILER Cedric , LENOIR Cliff , MILLIEN Thomas , DALMAZ Francoise , FLATTEN Hans , MORENO Rui , CHRISTENSEN Steffen , GUIDET Bertrand , Bendjelid Karim , WALDER Bernhard , PINTO Bernardo BOLLEN
Published: August 2019

Background
The number of elderly patients admitted to the ICU is increasing. To better understand the magnitude of the challenges involved in intensive care practice for this ageing population and discuss a rational allocation of resources (admission, triage and level of care), healthcare practitioners need a reliable evaluation of frailty. In order to promote the adequate use of the clinical frailty Scale (CFS) in French-speaking countries, we aimed to develop, validate and characterise a French (FR) version from the original English (EN) CFS.

Methods
Translation and back translation method was used to developed and validate a FR version for CFS. Then every patient was assessed by a Doctor a Nurse with another evaluation being perform to evaluate intra inter operator variabilities; We then estimate and compared psychometric properties of the CFS both in FR and EN.

Results
Inter-rater reliability was 0.87 (95%CI: 0.76-0.93) between doctors for the original CFS-EN version and 0.76 (95%CI: 0.57-0.87) between nurses for the FR version. Inter-rater variability between doctor and nurse was 0.75 (95%CI: 0.56-0.87) for the original version, and 0.73 (95%CI: 0.52-0.85) for the FR version.
Test-retest (stability) with the original vs the FR version was 0.86 (95%CI: 0.72-0.93) for doctors and 0.87 (95%CI: 0.76-0.93) for nurses.
Differences between the evaluations of the CFS-EN and CSF-FR were not different from 0, with a mean difference of 0.06 (95%CI -0.24, 0.36) for the EN version and -0.03 (95%CI -0.47, 0.41) for the FR version. Agreement between the FR and the EN version for doctors was similar. Average original version ratings were slightly lower than FR version ratings, though this difference did not reach significance: -0.29 (95%CI -0.54, 0.04).

Conclusion
The CFS-FR version developed and validated in the present study has adequate psychometric properties for doctors or nurses to evaluate frailty in very old intensive care patients.
Prevalence and Associated Factors for Frailty among Elder Patients in China: A multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Jiao Jing , Wang Yu , Zhu Chen , Li Fangfang , Zhu Minglei , Wen Xianxiu , Jin Jingfen , Wang Hui , Lu Dongmei , Zhao Shengxiu , Wu Xinjuan , Xu Tao
Published: August 2019

Background: Up to date, most of previous studies of frailty among hospitalized elder Chinese patients were conducted based on a small sample, which could not represent the elder patient population. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence and the risk factors for frailty among elder patients in China.
Study Design and Setting: This is a cross-sectional study, 9996 elder patients from 6 tertiary level hospitals in China were surveyed. The prevalence of frailty among patients from selected wards was surveyed by trained investigators. Mixed-effect Poisson regression model were used to analyze the associated factors of frailty among elder patients.
Results:
The mean age of all subjects was72.47±5.77years. The prevalence rate of frailty in this study was 18.02%. After controlling the confounding effect of hospital wards clustering effect, Mixed-effect Poisson regression model showed that the associated factors of frailty included: age(OR:1.016, 95% CI:1.012 -1.020), patients with BMI < 18.5(OR: 1.248, 95% CI:1.171-1.330), female(OR:1.058, 95% CI:1.004 -1.115), ethnic minorities(OR: 1.152, 95% CI: 1.073-1.236), admission to hospital by the emergency department(OR: 1.104, 95% CI:1.030 -1.184),the former drinker(OR: 1.094, 95% CI:1.022 -1.171),fall history in past 12 month(OR:1.257, 95%CI:1.194-1.323),vision dysfunction(OR:1.144 , 95% CI:1.080 -1.211),cognition impairment(OR:1.182 , 95% CI:1.130 -1.237),sleeping dysfunction(OR:1.215, 95% CI:1.215 -1.318),urinary dysfunction(OR: 1.175, 95% CI:1.104 -1.251),defecation dysfunction(OR:1.286 , 95% CI:1.217 -1.358).
Conclusion: We identified a relatively high prevalence of frailty among elder patients, and there are several associate factors among the population derived from an investigation of a large-scale, multicenter, nationwide representative Chinese elderly inpatient population.
Trial registration: Chinese clinical Trial registry, ChiCTR1800017682, Registered 09 August 2018
Keywords: Frailty; Elder patients; Prevalence; Associate factors
Effect of Continuation of Antiplatelet Therapy on Survival in Patients Receiving Physician Home Visits
Authors: Osugi Yasuhiro , Ino Teruo , Kobayashi Daiki , Iwata Mitzunaga , Asai Kanici
Published: August 2019

Background

Little is known about the effects of continued antiplatelet therapy in patients who receive physician home visits. This study aimed to evaluate the association of survival with the continuation of antiplatelet drugs in patients who received physician home visits.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a teaching hospital in Toyota, Japan, from April 2015 to October 2018. All patients who received home visits by physicians from the department of Family Medicine of the hospital were included. The primary outcome was the difference in all-cause mortality between patients who were taking antiplatelet drugs and those who were not. The Cox proportional hazards model was applied, adjusted for the patient’s demographic features, activities of daily living, comorbidities, and primary disease requiring home care.

Results

A total of 833 patients were included, of whom 61 received antiplatelet drugs (n = 42 for aspirin, n = 17 for clopidogrel, and n = 8 for cilostazol) and 772 received no antiplatelet drugs. The mean age of the patients was 78.3 years, 409 (49.1%) were male, and 314 (37.7%) had end-stage cancer. During a median follow-up period of 120 days (interquartile range, 29–364), 54.3% of the patients died. Compared with patients not taking antiplatelet drugs, patients taking antiplatelet drugs had a better outcome (p < 0.01, log-rank test) and a significantly lower hazard ratio (0.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.17–0.65; Cox proportional hazards regression).

Conclusions

The continuous prescription of antiplatelet drugs may have beneficial effects on mortality among patients who receive physician home visits.
A model for predicting carotid instability plaque in high risk group of stroke individuals
Authors: Yin Junxiong , Yu Chuanyong , Liu Hongxing , Du Mingyang , Sun Feng , Yu Cheng , Wei Lixia , Wang Chongjun , Wang Xiaoshan
Published: August 2019

Objective: To establish a predictive model of carotid vulnerable plaque through systematic screening of high-risk population for stroke.Patients and methods: All community residents who participated in the screening of stroke high-risk population by the China National Stroke Screening and Prevention Project (CNSSPP). A total of 19 risk factors were analyzed. Individuals were randomly divided into Derivation Set group and Validation Set group. According to carotid ultrasonography, the derivation set group patients were divided into instability plaque group and non-instability plaque group. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were taken for risk factors. A predictive model scoring system were established by the coefficient. The AUC value of both derivation and validation set group were used to verify the effectiveness of the model.Results: A total of 2841 high-risk stroke patients were enrolled in this study, 266 (9.4%) patients were found instability plaque. According to the results of Doppler ultrasound, Derivation Set group were divided into instability plaque group (174 cases) and non-instability plaque group (1720 cases). The independent risk factors for carotid instability plaque were: male (OR 1.966, 95%CI 1.406-2.749)，older age (50-59, OR 6.012, 95%CI 1.410-25.629; 60-69, OR 13.915, 95%CI 3.381-57.267;≥70, OR 31.267, 95%CI 7.472-130.83) , married(OR 1.780, 95%CI 1.186-2.672)，LDL-c(OR 2.015, 95%CI 1.443-2.814), and HDL-C(OR 2.130, 95%CI 1.360-3.338). A predictive scoring system was created, range 0-10. The cut-off value of prediction model score is 6.5. The AUC value of derivation and validation set group were 0.738 and 0.737.Conclusion：For a high risk group of stroke individual, We provide a model that could distinguishing those who have a high probability of having carotid instability plaque. When resident’s predictive model score exceeds 6.5, the incidence of carotid instability plaque is high, carotid artery Doppler ultrasound would be checked immediately. This model can be helpful in the primary prevention of stroke.
Preclinical Elucidation of Recombinant Humanized Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody (TA1718-B) Pharmacokinetics in Cynomolgus Monkeys, Rats, and Colon Cancer Humanized Mice
Authors: Zhao Li-li , Lv Yun-gang , Li Lan-fang , Liu Zeng-tian , Ma Dong , Zhang Gui-min , Liu Zhong , Ren Yu-shan , Li Jie
Published: August 2019

[EXSCINDED] Abstract Background PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are widely applicated in clinical as therapeutic strategy for multiple types of cancer. TA1718-B, a novel PD-1 mAb, is now entering clinical phase I.Methods In present study, the preclinical pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of TA1718-B were investigatedviavarious experiments in animal species. In plasma kinetic studies, cynomolgus monkeys underwent either single (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) or repeat (4-times, 3 mg/kg) intravenous injection and plasma were collected in different time points and detected by ELISA. Tissue distributions were performed in MC38 colon cancer humanizedmice. The excretion of TA1718-B was evaluated in rats.Results TA1718-B exhibited long T1/2 (from 97 to 136 hrs) and low clearance (Cl) (from 0.25 to 0.38 ml/h/kg) after intravenous single injection in cynomolgus monkeys. And 4-time continuous injections were not resulted in significant drug accumulation. However, both two drug delivery ways resulted in high anti-drug antibody (ADA) positive rates. The tissue distributions of TA1718-B were widely (almost in all tissues) and higher in serum, ovary, lung, tumorthan the other tissues in MC38 colon cancer humanized mice. The excretion of TA1718-B in rats were mainly metabolized and eliminated through proteolytic degradation.Radiopharmaceuticals in urine mainly existed in the form of proteolytic degradationfrom the data.Conclusion This systematic investigation of pharmacokinetic profiles of TA1718-B supplies basis for clinical trials and need to be further studied in Phase I clinical trial.
Ethisierung im Licht der Dichotomie von Recht und Moral
Authors: Barišić Pavo , Čović Ante
Published: August 2019

Članak nastoji rasvijetliti tendencije suvremene etizacije u različitim područjima života, od gospodarstva i tehnike do znanosti i politike, s posebnim naglaskom na pravnu domenu. Ključno je pitanje: kako se danas masovno nabujala etizacija svijeta života odnosi prema načelu odvajanja prava i morala te prema vladavini prava kao minimuma morala u društvu?

Teoretsko je polazište za ovo razmatranje Thomasiusova podjela naravnoga
prava na honestum, decorum i iustum te Kantova dihotomija metafizičkih temelja nauka o pravu i kreposti u Metafizici ćudoređa. Taj je okvir upravo vrhunac prosvjetiteljskih nastojanja za strogim odvajanjem sfere zakonitosti i moralnosti. Postavlja se u tom sklopu pitanje, potkopavaju
li suvremene etičke tendencije prosvjetiteljsko naslijeđe zaštite ljudskih prava.

Na temelju takva dihotomna modela dalje se raščlanjuje utjecaj nedavne ekspanzije profesionalnih, medicinskih, znanstvenih, poslovnih i drugih oblika etike, masovno uspostavljanje etičkih povjerenstava, politička korektnost i djelovanje javnoga mnijenja na okvir ljudskih temeljnih sloboda. Za ilustraciju prikazana su dva ogledna primjera iz Hrvatske – normativni nedostaci etičkoga kodeksa i zloporaba etičkoga tijela u političke svrhe.

U zaključku se obrazlaže kako suvremena etizacija može donijeti dobre plodove promicanjem ćudorednih pitanja i pravne zaštite. Međutim, ona ne
smije prekoračivati granice i potkopavati vladavinu prava. Razdvajanje morala i prava znatna je baština demokratske ustavne države. Neobuzdana i
preobilna etizacija raznih sfera, međutim, može biti pogubna za dobro uređenje i blagostanje u suvremenom, sve više pluralističkom i multikulturnom društvu. Primjerenije je stoga da o pravu sude nepristrani sudci i neovisni sudovi, držeći se u pravorijeku stoljećima izborenih i utvrđenih mjerila
pravednosti; oni to zacijelo čine znatno pravednije nego što bi to činili provizorni etički odbori i ad hoc imenovani povjerenici. Etika se
može baviti unutarnjom stranom djelovanja i moralnim maksimama. No, etičke maksime nisu uvijek vezane uz izvanjsku pravnu prisilu. O toj bitnoj razlici, koju bi svako društvo trebalo pažljivo razgraničiti i propisati, ovisi u bitnome ostvarenje ljudske slobode u njezinoj punini.
Rousseauian Heritage of Rawls’s Moral Psychology
Authors: Wang Xinghua
Published: August 2019

Some authors have noticed Rousseau's influence on Rawls's original position argument for justice as fairness, but few have argued for Rousseau’s influence on his moral psychology, which constitutes the first part of his stability argument. I will argue that Rawls’s account of moral development parallels, and is grounded in, Rousseau’s thoughts on amour-propre. In particular, I argue that (1) Rawls’s thesis that the sense of justice is derived from love and friendship is an illustration of Rousseau’s thesis that moral sentiments are derived from natural sentiments, that (2) Rawls’s explanation for how we acquire the reciprocity of disposition is grounded in Rousseau’s explanation of how amour-propre can be extended into the sense of justice, and that (3) Rawls’s thoughts on the principle of sympathy parallel Rousseau’s thoughts on compassion.
ACENTENİN TAHSİL KOMİSYONU TALEP HAKKI
Authors: TEKİN Ufuk
Published: August 2019

Acente, kural olarak, müvekkiline
ait parayı tahsil etmekle yükümlü değildir. Ancak, müvekkilinin tahsile ilişkin
bir talimatının varlığı halinde Türk Ticaret Kanunu (TTK) m. 113/4’e göre
acente, tahsil ettiği paralar için tahsil komisyonu talep edebilir. Acentenin
tahsil komisyonu talep hakkı, başarılı acentelik faaliyetleri yerine tahsil
faaliyetlerini esas aldığından, acenteye başarılı acentelik faaliyetleri için
ödenmesi kararlaştırılan ücret hakkından (TTK m. 113/1-3) farklılık taşır. Bu sebeple
tahsil komisyonu, öğretide yönetimsel/idari ücret olarak da ifade edilmektedir.
Çalışmamızda, ilk defa 6102 sayılı TTK’da düzenlenen acentenin tahsil komisyonu
talep hakkı, acentenin başarılı acentelik faaliyetleri sebebiyle talep
edebileceği ücret hakkıyla ilişkisi üzerinde durulmak suretiyle açıklanmaya
çalışılacaktır. Bu açıklamalar yapılırken, öncelikle TTK m. 113/4’ün hukukî
niteliği üzerinde durulacak, daha sonra ücret ile komisyon terimlerine ilişkin
kavramsal çerçeve belirlenerek tahsil komisyonu talep hakkının şartları ele
alınacak; tahsil komisyonunun hesaplanması ve ödenmesi konularına
değinilecektir. Bu açıklamalar yapılırken ayrıca yeri geldikçe mehaz Alman ve
İsviçre hukukunda konuya ilişkin öğreti ile yargı kararlarındaki görüşlere de yer
verilecektir.
¿El modelo antidrogas colombiano es exitoso y puede ser exportado y aplicado a México?
Authors: Cuestas Zamora Edgard , Marínez Caicedo Jennifer , Molina Vanegas Natalia
Published: August 2019

El presente artículo pretende dar a conocer la política antidrogas del Estado colombiano en relación con el concepto de seguridad hemisférica instaurado por Estados Unidos en su lucha contra el narcotráfico, y en razón a su aparente efectividad, determinar si es posible exportar este modelo a México teniendo en cuenta los lineamientos de su proyecto de política exterior y la divergencia en las realidades de ambos países. Elementos como el conflicto social y político, la crisis institucional, la permeabilidad del gobierno con estas organizaciones criminales y los efectos económicos constituyen puntos de inflexión para comprender el marco general de la cooperación bilateral en materia de tráfico de estupefacientes en dichos países.No obstante, existen circunstancias o factores internos que alteran el rumbo y la metodología de aplicación de cada uno de los planes, haciendo ineficaz la posible implantación del modelo colombiano para resolver los problemas de consumo, tráfico y comercialización de drogas en la cruzada contra los carteles mexicanos.
El «Burnout» y los docentes del magisterio
Authors: García Lozano Luisa Fernanda
Published: August 2019

El artículo busca realizar un análisis al síndrome de burnout en los docentes que trabajan en el magisterio, para lo cual en una primera parte se encuentra el marco teórico que contextualiza el tema y brinda los elementos necesarios para comprender este síndrome; en una segunda parte se busca contrastar la teoría con los resultados de un informe de investigación cualitativa que presentó la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y un grupo focal que permite confrontar la teoría y la realidad para esta labor en materia de salud mental.
La crisis de la hegemonía de Estados Unidos
Authors: Correa Ramírez Karen
Published: August 2019

Este artículo pretende exponer algunos aspectos, en los que Estados Unidos, ha perdido su hegemonía, en lo político, económico, militar e ideológico; y para entender mejor la hegemonía de Estados Unidos, se hablara de las uniones o rupturas que han presentado los gobiernos de George Bush y Barack Obama, al igual que se demostraran los postulados ideológicos de la elite neoconservadora en la política exterior norteamericana.
Una mirada a los derechos morales de la personalidad en el orden constitucional cubano
Authors: Delgado Triana Yanelys , Rodríguez Corría Reinerio
Published: August 2019

En la presente investigación se efectúa un análisis de la protección constitucional cubana a los derechos morales de la personalidad: honor, intimidad e imagen. Inicialmente se realiza un breve estudio doctrinal, en sentido general, de los derechos inherentes a la personalidad, al estar incluidos en estos los de la esfera moral. Este examen nos permite adentrarnos en el tratamiento que se les otorga constitucionalmente en Cuba, tratando de ilustrar la tutela que se les concede en nuestro sistema socialista. Se expone la evolución histórica en los textos constitucionales que han regido en el decursar de la sociedad. Posteriormente, se hace referencia a la regulación que ofrece la Constitución cubana actual, para lo cual se sistematizan los preceptos relacionados con manifestaciones a los derechos morales de la personalidad; y finalmente, se analiza la vía de protección constitucional y se propone un procedimiento para amparar estos derechos.
El proceso creativo de un videojuego: una mirada desde el contexto organizacional
Authors: Barón Gómez Enrique
Published: August 2019

El propósito de este artículo consiste en examinar el proceso creativo de un videojuego a lo largo de sus diferentes fases de desarrollo. Esto va a permitir, conocer los agentes, elementos y recursos que interactúan y se interrelacionan entre sí bajo la mirada de un contexto organizacional.
Raw landfill leachate treatment using an electrocoagulation process with a novel rotating electrode reactor
Authors: Naje Ahmed Samir , Ajeel Mohammed A. , Ali Isam Mohamad , Al-Zubaidi Hussein A. M. , Alaba Peter Adeniyi
Published: August 2019

In this work, landfill leachate treatment by electrocoagulation process with a novel rotating anode reactor was studied. The influence of rotating anode speed on the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total suspended solids (TSS) of raw landfill leachate was investigated. The influence of operating parameters like leachate pH, leachate temperature, current, and inter-distance between the cathode rings and anode impellers on the electrocoagulation performance were also investigated. The results revealed the optimum rotating speed is 150 rpm and increasing the rotating speed above this value led to reducing process performance. The leachate electrocoagulation treatment process favors the neutral medium and the treatment performance increases with increasing current intensity. Furthermore, the electrocoagulation treatment performance improves with increasing leachate temperature. However, the performance reduces with increasing inter-electrode distance.
Uma análise do consumo de energia elétrica na UFES - campus São Mateus
Authors: Pereira Firmes Victor , Silva André , Diniz Chaves Gisele de Lorena , Cardoso Celeste Wanderley
Published: August 2019

O artigo apresenta uma análise sobre o consumo de energia elétrica da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) campus São Mateus. O objetivo do estudo é identificar possíveis estratégias para viabilizar um consumo mais eficiente de energia elétrica, permitindo a redução de custo financeiro. No estudo, são considerados dados coletados na instituição através das contas de energia e de memória de massa no período de um ano, compreendido entre junho de 2016 e maio de 2017. Em tais dados, observa-se que há, em todos os meses, um excedente na demanda contratada e que, além disso, o consumo de ponta impacta diretamente na elevação das contas de energia da UFES. As análises realizadas neste estudo permitem indicar algumas ações de gestão que a instituição pode tomar. Uma delas é a revisão imediata no contrato de fornecimento de energia celebrado junto à empresa de distribuição de energia elétrica. Outra ação de gestão é a busca por uma forma reduzir o consumo da energia fornecida pela distribuidora, nos horários de ponta, através, por exemplo, de políticas internas para mudanças de hábitos e da implantação de geração interna de energia via fontes alternativas. Neste caso, há a necessidade da realização de estudos técnicos mais aprofundados que aponte as soluções mais viáveis a longo e médio prazo.
Twitter in the context of Oldenburg’s Third Place Theory
Authors: Markoç İlkim
Published: August 2019

Third Places are spaces where people can participate in a social network by
discussing everyday events with the community, apart from home or work, as
Oldenburg (1989) defined. Coffee shops, libraries, parks, and open spaces are
the third classically defined places by Ray Oldenburg. According to the
definition of Oldenburg; It is neutral, inclusive, communicative, and
accessible, has regular goers, prominent with social ties, and gives the
feeling of fun and comfort of the house. Along with developing internet
technologies, virtual environments have emerged that match Oldenburg's
definition. By creating profiles on social networking sites, people can follow
or share topics of interest to them. Twitter, a social networking site (SNS),
provides users with a virtual environment that allows them to talk and discuss
with other users. This study aims to consider Twitter in the context of
Oldenburg's Third Place Theory. In
this context, firstly, the concept of third place is defined in the literature.
Then, the usage areas of virtual media and social networking sites and the
opportunities they offer to the people are revealed. As a case study, the
extent to which the virtual environment provided by Twitter provides the
opportunity for the Third Place concept, and it conforms to the parameters
defined by Oldenburg, was discussed. Twitter meets the eight features of
Oldenburg’s third place. In the context of long distances, economic crises,
limited time and the opportunities offered by technology; it has been
demonstrated that interest in the virtual environments for the third place and
socialization needs of the people will increase gradually.
Tarihi Yarımadada Unutulmuş Bir İsim ve Zamana Direnen Bir Mekân: Saka Baba Dergâhı
Authors: Sabah İsmail
Published: August 2019

Gelibolu
Yarımadası her yıl milyonlarca insan tarafından ziyaret edilen ve dolayısı ile
gerek ulusal gerekse uluslararası toplum nazarında göz önünde olan bir alandır.
Burayı ziyaret eden insanların büyük çoğunluğu her ne kadar şehitlikleri ve
yabancı mezarları ziyaret amaçlı geliyor olsa da bu ziyaret esnasında, güzergâhnda
yer alan tarihi yarımadanın diğer kültürel varlıkları hakkında da bilgi
almaktadırlar. Bu nedenle tarihi yarımadadaki kültür varlıkları üzerine
gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar, anlatıların sağlam temele oturtulması için büyük
önem arz etmektedir. Ziyaret güzergâhında yer alan kültür varlıklarından biri
de Saka Baba Dergâhı’dır. Bu çalışma, tarihi Gelibolu Yarımadası’nda Kadir Baba
ismiyle anılan ve bu çalışma ile Saka Baba Dergâhı olduğu tespit edilen tekke
hakkındaki tespit ve değerlendirmeleri içermesi bakımından analitik bir
çalışmadır. Çalışma için literatür taraması yapılmış ve tekkedeki mezar
taşlarında yer alan ifadeler ile Cumhurbaşkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi’nden elde
edilen döneme ait belgeler araştırmacı tarafından günümüz Türkçesine
aktarılmıştır. Çalışma ile tekkenin bir Bektaşi tekkesi ve isminin “Saka Baba Dergâhı”
olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca 1826’da Bektaşiliğin yasaklanması sonrasında
bir dönem Kadiriye Tarikatı idaresine geçtiği ve ilerleyen tarihlerde tekrardan
Bektaşi Tekkesi olarak faaliyetine devam ettiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma
ile tekkenin gerçek isminin literatüre geçmesi ve mezar taşlarının kataloglanarak
kayıt altına alınması amaçlanmıştır.
Novel Biological Therapies in Severe Asthma: Targeting the Right Trait
Authors: Varricchi Gilda , Marone Giancarlo , Spadaro Giuseppe , Russo Michele , Granata Francescopaolo , Genovese Arturo , Marone Gianni
Published: August 2019

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation that results in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Patients with severe asthma represent a substantial share of consumption of healthcare resources and hospitalization. Moreover, these patients are at risk of increased morbidity and mortality. Recently, several phenotypes and endotypes of asthma have been identified. The identification of specific subtypes of asthma is fundamental for optimizing the clinical benefit of novel treatments. Although in most patients the disease can be controlled by some combination of pharmacologic agents, in some 5-10% of patients the disease remains uncontrolled. Several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting pathogenetic molecules (e.g., IgE, IL-5, IL- 5Rα, IL-4, IL-13, TSLP) are currently available or under development for the treatment of different forms of severe type 2 asthma. The identification of diagnostic and predictive biomarkers (e.g., IgE, blood eosinophil count, FeNO, periostin, etc.) has revolutioned the field of targeted therapy in severe asthma. Monoclonal antibodies targeting Th2-driven inflammation are generally safe in adult patients with moderate-to-severe asthma. The long-term safety of these biologics is a relevant issue that should be addressed. Unfortunately, little is known about non-type 2 asthma. Further studies are needed to identify biomarkers to guide targeted therapies of different forms of non-type 2 asthma.
Interaction between Traditional Chinese Medicine and Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Authors: Li Jiajia , Liang Qing , Sun GuangChun
Published: August 2019

Background:

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for medical purposes since the ancient
time and has gradually gained recognition worldwide. Nowadays, patients with thrombus presiding to anticoagulant/
antiplatelet drugs prefer taking TCM. However, an increasing number of studies on herb–drug interactions have
been shown. Nevertheless, findings are frequently conflicting and vague. In this review, we discuss the herb–drug
interactions between TCM and anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs to provide guidance on concomitant ingestion with
anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.

Methods:

We undertook a structured search of medicine and drug databases for peer-reviewed literature using focused
review questions.

Results:

Danshen, Ginkgo, Ginger, H. Perforatum, SMY and Puerarin injection had directional regulation effects on
the efficacy of anticoagulant drugs by altering the CYPs, pharmacokinetic indexs and hemorheological parameters.
H. Perforatum inhibited the efficacy of Clopidogrel by enhancing the CYP3A4 activity and Ginkgo increased the
efficacy of Ticlopidine. Additionally, Renshen, the formulae except SMY and injections except Puerarin injection
could increase or decrease the efficacy of anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs via regulating the CYPs, platelet aggregation,
hemorheological parameters and others.

Conclusion:

Some cases have reported that TCMs may increase the bleeding risk or has no effect on coagulation
when anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs are concurrently used. However, pharmacokinetic studies have presented either
consistent or slightly varying results. So it is difficult to ascertain whether the concurrent use of TCM may increase
or reduce the pharmacologic effects of anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs with adverse reactions. Therefore, herb–drug
interactions of TCM and anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs should be further explored and defined.
Characterization of the Trypanosoma brucei Pteridine Reductase Active- Site using Computational Docking and Virtual Screening Techniques
Authors: Shamshad Hina , Hafiz Abdul , Althagafi Ismail I. , Saeed Maria , Mirza Agha Zeeshan
Published: August 2019

Background:

Human African trypanosomiasis is a fatal disease prevalent in approximately
36 sub-Saharan countries. Emerging reports of drug resistance in Trypanosoma brucei are a serious
cause of concern as only limited drugs are available for the treatment of the disease. Pteridine reductase
is an enzyme of Trypanosoma brucei.

Methods:

It plays a critical role in the pterin metabolic pathway that is absolutely essential for its survival
in the human host. The success of finding a potent inhibitor in structure-based drug design lies
within the ability of computational tools to efficiently and accurately dock a ligand into the binding
cavity of the target protein. Here we report the computational characterization of Trypanosoma brucei
pteridine reductase (Tb-PR) active-site using twenty-four high-resolution co-crystal structures with various
drugs. Structurally, the Tb-PR active site can be grouped in two clusters; one with high Root Mean
Square Deviation (RMSD) of atomic positions and another with low RMSD of atomic positions. These
clusters provide fresh insight for rational drug design against Tb-PR. Henceforth, the effect of several
factors on docking accuracy, including ligand and protein flexibility were analyzed using Fred.

Results:

The online server was used to analyze the side chain flexibility and four proteins were selected
on the basis of results. The proteins were subjected to small-scale virtual screening using 85 compounds,
and statistics were calculated using Bedroc and roc curves. The enrichment factor was also calculated
for the proteins and scoring functions. The best scoring function was used to understand the ligand
protein interactions with top common compounds of four proteins. In addition, we made a 3D
structural comparison between the active site of Tb-PR and Leishmania major pteridine reductase (Lm-
PR). We described key structural differences between Tb-PR and Lm-PR that can be exploited for rational
drug design against these two human parasites.

Conclusion:

The results indicated that relying just on re-docking and cross-docking experiments for
virtual screening of libraries isn’t enough and results might be misleading. Hence it has been suggested
that small scale virtual screening should be performed prior to large scale screening.
UPACARA TUNGGUL WULUNG Pengembangan Wisata Tradisi
Authors: Suwarna Suwarna
Published: August 2019

Tahun 2020 Yogyakarta menjadi pusat kebudayaan terkemuka. Itulah visi kebudayaan DIY. Yogyakarta sebagai daerah istimewa juga memiliki kebijakan bahwa 90% anggaran keistimewaan akan diarahkan untuk pengembangan kebudayaan. Yogyakarta memang kaya budaya. Oleh karena itu, layak kalau Yogyakarta juga disebut kota budaya, selain sebagai kota pendidikan dan kota perjuangan.