bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historical Culture and Peace: How Older Generations Address the Need of Younger Generations to Learn About Their In-Group Past
Authors: Leone Giovanna , Sarrica Mauro
Published: October 2019

This chapter has three aims. First, it aims to disentangle social denial of in-group responsibilities for intergroup violence from other types of silence about intergroup violence. Secondly, it argues that intergenerational narratives which omit information about in-group responsibilities for violence that occurred before the birth of younger generations are highly risky to the descendants of perpetrators. Finally, it emphasises the importance of exploring in greater depth the understudied moment when a literal social denial about past in-group war crimes is exposed. To support these aims, the chapter presents results from a recent mixed methods, quasi-experimental study, which used between- and within-subject comparisons. The study asked young Italian university students to read an explicit text (“detailed text”) vs. a more nuanced one (“mild text”) about Italian war crimes occurring during the colonial invasion of Ethiopia. Data were collected before reading the text, during the reading and after it. Texts were constructed by manipulating the wording of a single historical narrative, taken from a textbook currently used in Italian high schools. The inclusion of this information in Italian history textbooks is quite recent, taking place approximately 70 years after the end of the war. Prior to this a widespread social denial silenced these crimes and as a result they were largely ignored in general social discourse. Results showed that participants reacted not only to the new information received but also to the way in which it was conveyed. The detailed narrative, by frankly taking a moral stance on past violence (a strategy that we named, after classic works of Foucault, 1983, parrhesia), provoked a better understanding of information, together with an increase of negative group-based moral emotions. Interestingly, while collective guilt did not differ between participants exposed to a detailed or a mild text, moral emotions distancing young participants from the responsibilities of older generations increased when these crimes were clearly exposed.
Children’s Conceptualizations of Forgiveness, Reconciliation, and Peacebuilding in the Context of Armed Conflict
Authors: López López Wilson , Correa-Chica Andrea , Carmenza Sierra-Puentes Myriam , Castañeda Polanco Juan Gabriel , Fernández Miranda Gabriela , del Rosario Duran Jaramillo María , Castro-Abril Pablo
Published: October 2019

This chapter examines the effects that children face in situations of armed conflict and the central role that they play in building and consolidating peace. It analyzes how the processes of forgiveness and reconciliation contribute to peacebuilding and children’s visions of these constructs. Specifically, it presents the findings of an investigation that sought to understand the conceptualizations of forgiveness and reconciliation among Colombian children as well as their role in the construction of peace in this country. As such, 63 children between 10 and 13 years old participated. One group of participants (n = 29) was composed of children who were directly affected by conflict or in situations of economic and social vulnerability, residing in one of the areas with the most people displaced by armed conflict. The other group (n = 34) was composed of children living in optimal developmental conditions who had not directly experienced any victimizing event in relation to the Colombian armed conflict. The results showed convergences and divergences regarding the conceptualizations of the two groups. Some of the main differences were in relation to their views of the negotiated exit to the Colombian armed conflict and their conceptualizations of peace. The results show that socioeconomic contexts and previous experiences in relation to armed conflict permeate the country’s vision of the future.
Learning for Peace: Lessons Learned from UNICEF’s Peacebuilding, Education, and Advocacy in Conflict-Affected Context Programme
Authors: Affolter Friedrich W. , Azaryeva Valente Anna
Published: October 2019

Conflict and insecurity have been described as the “primary development challenge of our time” (World Bank Group, 2011, p. 1). Whereas mediation, diplomacy, security, reconstruction, and government and economic reforms, continue to play an essential role in building and sustaining peace, recent discussions have also focused on the importance of addressing inequity, as well as the exclusion from basic social services (education, water, health and nutrition, social protection, early childhood development) (United Nations & World Bank Group, 2018). UNICEF’s “Learning for Peace” programme – implemented from 2012 to 2016 – presents a recent example of how social development services can be leveraged not only to meet children’s developmental, protection, and cultural needs and rights, but also to contribute to the mitigation of conflict factors. This chapter summarizes lessons learned from the implementation of “Learning for Peace” across 14 fragile and post-conflict countries. A theoretical framework for understanding education’s contributions to conflict and peace as well as a monitoring and evaluation framework for assessing its contributions toward social cohesion, will be introduced.
Experiencing Diversity: Complexity, Education, and Peace Construction
Authors: Pagani Camilla
Published: October 2019

The relationship with diversity is one of the basic aspects of human experience. In the present contribution, a broad definition of diversity is proposed, which includes, but is not limited to, cultural diversity. The analysis of the experience of diversity is especially focused on children’s attitudes and behavior. The role of education is also highlighted. Though education is generally considered by the author in its broad sense, namely, as the sum of all the elements of reality that in one way or another affect human development, a special emphasis here is given to school. The main assumption of this chapter is that complexity, diversity, education, and peace construction are intimately interrelated. Diversity is one of the essential components of complexity, and considerations regarding the reality of complexity should be the prerequisite of any educational program and of any effort toward peace construction. These reflections partly draw on a number of studies (especially through the use of anonymous open-ended essays) we conducted in Italian secondary schools on children’s (aged 9–18) attitudes toward multiculturalism. Some suggestions are also prompted by a brief analysis of a passage from the Australian novelMy Placeby Sally Morgan.
Developmental Trajectories of Political Engagement from Adolescence to Mid-Adulthood: A Review with Empirical Underpinnings from the German Peace Movement
Authors: Shani Maor , Horn Daniel , Boehnke Klaus
Published: October 2019

Engagement in politics during one’s formative years is conductive to democracy. Youth activism is associated with increased political efficacy and has the potential to empower disadvantaged groups and promote political equality. Moreover, possible positive outcomes of early-life political engagement in various psychological and biographical domains have recently been explored, largely emphasizing the benefits of activism throughout the lifespan. Nevertheless, lifespan developmental psychology and peace psychology have rarely put their lots together, due to the difficulties of designing longitudinal research stretched over periods sufficiently long to claim relevance for lifespan development. In this chapter, we review established theories and recent empirical studies on the political socialization of adolescents and youth, with an emphasis on intergenerational transmission of political worldviews and patterns of engagement, and on the potential of political involvement in adolescence to lead to lifelong engagement and activism. We then explore trajectories of political orientations from adolescence to mid-adulthood, using survey data from a ten-wave panel study of German peace movement activists and sympathizers, first studied in 1985 and reapproached every 3.5 years. We discuss our findings in light of contextual explanations, as well as theories of political socialization and lifespan development. Finally, our review and empirical findings suggest that investments into the capacities and opportunities for constructive youth activism, while likely manifesting themselves at a later period, may pay real dividends for community empowerment and sustainability.
From Research to Action and the Spaces in -Between: Experiences from Peacebuilding Programs for Young People in Cambodia and Uganda
Authors: Balvin Nikola , Miletic Tania
Published: October 2019

Drawing on contribution analysis (Morton, Research Evaluation 24:405–419, 2015), this chapter outlines two case studies which examine different education and peacebuilding initiatives targeting young people and shows how their research processes contributed to gradual changes in practice and policy. The case studies are set in Uganda and Cambodia and use formal and non-formal education systems to bring about more peaceful relations between the participants while also aiming to influence the sociopolitical context in which they live. The first case study focuses on a pilot program carried out by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) in collaboration with the Ugandan Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Sport (MoESTS) and other local partners as part of the Learning for Peace initiative. The second case study outlines a locally led peacebuilding initiative by a Cambodian NGO, supported by other local and international actors and relevant ministries of the Government of Cambodia. The authors reflect on the research uptake, use, and impact, identifying the engagement of key stakeholders at different points in the process as integral to increasing knowledge and ownership of the findings. Of interest is the emergence of a range of factors for both researching and implementing projects that surface in this process or what can be considered “the spaces in between” research and practice.
Promoting Civic Engagement and Social Inclusion Interventions for Minors Involved with Crimes
Authors: Meringolo Patrizia , Guidi Elisa
Published: October 2019

The juvenile justice system in Italy is aimed at avoiding detention, thanks to alternative measures and strategies for social inclusion. Nevertheless, for two groups of minors – those involved in organised crime and migrants – social inclusion and other alternative forms of punishment are not easily applied because these minors often lack social networks. Migrant minors are at risk of becoming offenders because they arrive in the host country without a real migration plan and without educational or work opportunities. Psychosocial literature about migrant minors has also examined the relationship between the difficulties migrants face and their possible involvement in deviant groups. This is a crucial topic that must be explored carefully and without stigmatising minors. Young migrants under criminal proceedings are vulnerable in two ways: because they are minors and unable to fulfil their needs and because they are non-citizens, a status which may marginalise them within the social context. Accordingly, in previous research, we implemented proactive interventions in four European countries (Italy, Romania, Germany, and Spain) to promote social inclusion and prevent minors from engaging in violent behaviour. In this chapter, we use interviews and focus groups to explore how justice system professionals and stakeholders in Italy describe the deviant career of young people at risk of radicalisation. We also provide evidence for the importance of social inclusion interventions as a means of preventing violent radicalisation. Finally, we argue for professional development training so that practitioners in the juvenile justice system can develop innovative ways of promoting social inclusion.
Civic Participation and Other Interventions That Promote Children’s Tolerance of Migrants
Authors: Mazzoni Davide , Cicognani Elvira , Tzankova Iana , Guarino Antonella , Albanesi Cinzia , Zani Bruna
Published: October 2019

Tolerance toward migrants currently represents a key issue in many Western democracies and studying the factors that can foster it has become increasingly more important for the social sciences. This chapter starts by providing a definition of ‘tolerance’, illustrating the ambivalent qualities that are attributed to this concept in the literature. Recognizing some limits of this concept, our reasoning develops from the assumption that, with specific reference to migration, tolerance represents a basic democratic principle. It can be defined as the belief, based on equalitarian principles and a political conviction, that migrants and non-migrants should be treated equally. We proceed to report the findings from two recent studies we conducted in Italy and illustrate some key paths through which tolerance can develop during different developmental stages. The results from our studies showed that younger participants had lower levels of tolerance toward refugees and migrants. Different forms of politically committed youth participation (online and offline, more and less conventional) were positively associated with tolerance; in particular, civic participation represents a ‘school for democracy’ in which young people learn a range of civic skills also enhanced tolerance toward migrants. Finally, we present an overview of some of the main approaches (global citizenship education, education to intercultural dialogue and community-based approaches) that professionals across the world have at their disposal to promote a tolerant attitude at different stages of the developmental process. The chapter closes by illustrating some implications for future research and interventions to promote tolerance toward migrants.
Does Participating in National and Ethnic Associations Promote Migrant Integration? A Study with Young First- and Second-Generation Migrants
Authors: Marzana Daniela , Alfieri Sara , Marta Elena
Published: October 2019

On arrival to a new country, migrants usually face language barriers, cultural barriers, discrimination, and other sources of unjust contextual conditions that lower their chances of a successful life (Handy and Greenspan, Nonprofit Volunt Sect Q 38:956–982, 2009). This scenario compromises their levels of well-being and supports a tendency toward social fragmentation in places of settlement (García-Ramírez et al., Am J Community Psychol 47(1–2), 86–97, 2011). In response to this situation, migrants’ engagement in civic life has been identified as an important element for developing both individual well-being and cohesive communities (Gilster, J Community Psychol 40(7), 769–784, 2012) (Stoll and Wong, Int Migr Rev 41(4), 880–908, 2007). Using a qualitative study, the present work explores the effects of activism on youth of sub-Saharan African origin, of the first and second generations, who are active in national and ethnic associations. The work aims to explore (1) through narratives the meaning that integration has for young migrants; (2) how integrated they feel; and (3) the role of the association, both national and ethnic, in the perception of integration of these young people.

The participants were 21 young migrants (18–33 years old) of first and second generations, who participated in in-depth interviews. Tematic analysis was used. The results indicate that activism has positive implications for the integration and construction of migrants’ bicultural identity.
Beyond Risk Factors: Structural Drivers of Violence Affecting Children
Authors: Maternowska M. Catherine , Fry Deborah , Potts Alina , Casey Tabitha
Published: October 2019

As global data on violence affecting children (VAC) has emerged, the scope of violence has become increasingly clear as well as alarming: over 1 billion children between the ages of 2 and 17 experience violence every year (Hillis et al., Pediatrics 137(3), e20154079, 2016). Although the numbers may be clear, understanding why and how this violence manifests in children’s lives is a critical and still developing field of practice. TheMulti-Country Study on the Drivers of Violence Affecting Childrenin Italy, Peru, Viet Nam and Zimbabwe set out in 2014 to understand what drives violence and what can be done to prevent it (Maternowska et al., Vulnerable Child Youth Stud 13(Supp 1), 2018; Maternowska et al. The multi-country study on the drivers of violence affecting children. A cross-country snapshot of findings. Florence: UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti. Retrieved fromwww.unicef-irc.org/publications/8, 2016). Through a systematic literature review, secondary analysis and an intervention mapping, national teams analysed individual, family and community-level risk and protective factors as well as the macro forces or “drivers” of violence—the often invisible forms of harm that create the structural and institutional context in which violence affecting children occurs. Our approach, working in close collaboration with national teams, demonstrates how violence manifests in children’s lives. The study considers a nation’s geohistoric place as essential to understanding how structure-based inequalities work in potent combination with the risk and protective factors to determine a child’s safety. We present a model, called the child-centred integrated framework, for placing our understanding of VAC squarely within the child’s social ecology. In this chapter we use examples of two drivers of violence common across all study countries—poverty and migration—to illustrate the power of structural factors on children’s everyday lives, with a focus on our findings from Peru. Our interpretations of violence are useful in that they lend practitioners of peace psychology a kindred view of the world but focusing on violence affecting children and their families from a population-based perspective, while also proposing ways to build more effective violence prevention policy and programmes.
Rectangular W-algebras of types so(M) and sp(2M) and dual coset CFTs
Authors: Creutzig Thomas , Hikida Yasuaki , Uetoko Takahiro
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We examine rectangular W-algebras with so(M) or sp(2M) symmetry, which can be realized as the asymptotic symmetry of higher spin gravities with restricted matrix extensions. We compute the central charges of the algebras and the levels of so(M) or sp(2M) affine subalgebras by applying the Hamiltonian reductions of so or sp type Lie algebras. For simple cases with generators of spin up to two, we obtain their operator product expansions by requiring the associativity. We further claim that the W-algebras can be realized as the symmetry algebras of dual coset CFTs and provide several strong supports. The analysis can be regarded as a check of extended higher spin holographies including full quantum corrections. We also extend the analysis by introducing

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 1 supersymmetry.
Repulsive forces and the weak gravity conjecture
Authors: Heidenreich Ben , Reece Matthew , Rudelius Tom
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The Weak Gravity Conjecture is a nontrivial conjecture about quantum gravity that makes sharp, falsifiable predictions which can be checked in a broad range of string theory examples. However, in the presence of massless scalar fields (moduli), there are (at least) two inequivalent forms of the conjecture, one based on charge-to-mass ratios and the other based on long-range forces. We discuss the precise formulations of these two conjectures and the evidence for them, as well as the implications for black holes and for “strong forms” of the conjectures. Based on the available evidence, it seems likely that both conjectures are true, suggesting that there is a stronger criterion which encompasses both. We discuss one possibility.
Crossing, modular averages and N ↔ k in WZW models
Authors: Mahanta Ratul , Maharana Anshuman
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We consider the construction of genus zero correlators of SU(N )
k
WZW models involving two Kac-Moody primaries in the fundamental and two in the anti-fundamental representation from modular averaging of the contribution of the vacuum conformal block. We perform the averaging by two prescriptions — averaging over the stabiliser group associated with the correlator and averaging over the entire modular group. For the first method, in cases where we find the orbit of the vacuum conformal block to be finite, modular averaging reproduces the exact result for the correlators. In other cases, we perform the modular averaging numerically, the results are in agreement with the exact answers. Construction of correlators from averaging over whole of the modular group is more involved. Here, we find some examples where modular averaging does not reproduce the correlator. We find a close relationship between the modular averaging sums of the theories related by level-rank duality. We establish a one to one correspondence between elements of the orbits of the vacuum conformal blocks of dual theories. The contributions of paired terms to their respective correlators are simply related. One consequence of this is that the ratio between the OPE coefficients associated with dual correlators can be obtained analytically without performing the sums involved in the modular averagings. The pairing of terms in the modular averaging sums for dual theories suggests an interesting connection between level-rank duality and semi-classical holographic computations of the correlators in the theories.
Exact solution for the non-equilibrium attractor in number-conserving relaxation time approximation
Authors: Strickland Michael , Tantary Ubaid
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We extend previous studies of the conformal 0+1d kinetic non-equilibrium attractor in relaxation time approximation by enforcing number conservation through the introduction of a dynamical fugacity (chemical potential). We derive two coupled integral equations for the effective temperature and fugacity which are then solved numerically to obtain the exact solution. The resulting solutions exhibit convergence to a unique non- equilibrium attractor when the scaled moments of the distribution function are plotted as a function of the rescaled time

$$ \overline{w}=\tau /{\tau}_{\mathrm{eq}}. $$

w
¯

=
τ
/

τ
eq

.

This occurs even though the system is out of chemical equilibrium at late times. In addition, compared to the case where number conservation was not imposed, we find that the moments converge to their respective attractors more quickly, particularly for moments with m = 0. Finally, we compare the resulting attractor moments with predictions from different hydrodynamic frameworks.
Exact WKB analysis of ℂℙ1 holomorphic blocks
Authors: Ashok Sujay K. , Subramanian P. N. Bala , Bawane Aditya , Jain Dharmesh , Jatkar Dileep P. , Manna Arkajyoti
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We study holomorphic blocks in the three dimensional

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 gauge theory that describes the ℂℙ1 model. We apply exact WKB methods to analyze the line operator identities associated to the holomorphic blocks and derive the analytic continuation formulae of the blocks as the twisted mass and FI parameter are varied. The main technical result we utilize is the connection formula for the 1𝜙1
q-hypergeometric function. We show in detail how the q-Borel resummation methods reproduce the results obtained previously by using block-integral methods.
Localization of gauge bosons and the Higgs mechanism on topological solitons in higher dimensions
Authors: Eto Minoru , Kawaguchi Masaki
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We provide complete and self-contained formulas about localization of mass-less/massive Abelian gauge fields on topological solitons in generic D dimensions via a field dependent gauge kinetic term. The localization takes place when a stabilizer (a scalar field) is condensed in the topological soliton. We show that the localized gauge bosons are massless when the stabilizer is neutral. On the other hand, they become massive for the charged stabilizer as a consequence of interplay between the localization mechanism and the Higgs mechanism. For concreteness, we give two examples in six dimensions. The one is domain wall intersections and the other is an axially symmetric soliton background.
Subleading eikonal, AdS/CFT and double stress tensors
Authors: Kulaxizi Manuela , Ng Gim Seng , Parnachev Andrei
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The eikonal phase which determines the Regge limit of the gravitational scat- tering amplitude of a light particle off a heavy one in Minkowski spacetimes admits an expansion in the ratio of the Schwarzschild radius of the heavy particle to the impact parameter. Such an eikonal phase in AdS spacetimes of any dimensionality has been com- puted to all orders and reduces to the corresponding Minkowski result when both the impact parameter and the Schwarzschild radius are much smaller than the AdS radius. The leading term in the AdS eikonal phase can be reproduced in the dual CFT by a single stress tensor conformal block, but the subleading term is a result of an infinite sum of the double stress tensor contributions. We provide a closed form expression for the OPE coef- ficients of the leading twist double stress tensors in four spacetime dimensions and perform the sum to compute the corresponding lightcone behavior of a heavy-heavy-light-light CFT correlator. The resulting compact expression passes a few nontrivial independent checks. In particular, it agrees with the subleading eikonal phase at large impact parameter.
How many fluxes fit in an EFT?
Authors: Lanza Stefano , Marchesano Fernando , Martucci Luca , Sorokin Dmitri
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We extend the recent construction of 4d$$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$N=1three-form Lagrangians by including the most general three-form multiplets necessary to reproduce any F-term potential in string flux compactifications. In this context we find an obstruction to dualize all fluxes to three-forms in the effective field theory. This implies that, generically, a single EFT cannot capture all the membrane-mediated flux transitions expected from a string theory construction, but only a sublattice of them. The obstruction can be detected from the maximal number of three-forms per scalar in any supermultiplet, and from the gaugings involving three-forms that appear in the EFT. Some gaugings are related to the appearance of fluxes in the tadpole conditions, and give a general obstruction. Others are related to the anomalous axionic strings present in a specific compactification regime. We illustrate the structure of the three-form Lagrangian in type II and F/M-theory setups, where we argue that the above obstructions correlate with the different 4d membrane tensions with respect to the EFT energy scales.
An effective theory of quarkonia in QCD matter
Authors: Makris Yiannis , Vitev Ivan
Published: October 2019

Abstract

For heavy quarkonia of moderate energy, we generalize the relevant successful theory, non-relativistic Quantum Chromodynamics (NRQCD), to include interactions in nuclear matter. The new resulting theory, NRQCD with Glauber gluons, provides for the first time a universal microscopic description of the interaction of heavy quarkonia with a strongly interacting medium, consistently applicable to a range of phases, such as cold nuclear matter, dense hadron gas, and quark-gluon plasma. The effective field theory we present in this work is derived from first principles and is an important step forward in understanding the common trends in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus data on quarkonium suppression.
Holographic entropy relations repackaged
Authors: He Temple , Headrick Matthew , Hubeny Veronika E.
Published: October 2019

We explore the structure of holographic entropy relations (associated with ‘information quantities’ given by a linear combination of entanglement entropies of spatial sub-partitions of a CFT state with geometric bulk dual). Such entropy relations can be recast in multiple ways, some of which have significant advantages. Motivated by the already-noted simplification of entropy relations when recast in terms of multipartite information, we explore additional simplifications when recast in a new basis, which we dub the K-basis, constructed from perfect tensor structures. For the fundamental information quantities such a recasting is surprisingly compact, in part due to the interesting fact that entropy vectors associated to perfect tensors are in fact extreme rays in the holographic entropy cone (as well as the full quantum entropy cone). More importantly, we prove that all holographic entropy inequalities have positive coefficients when expressed in the K-basis, underlying the key advantage over the entropy basis or the multipartite information basis.
Mapping the kinematical regimes of semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering
Authors: Boglione M. , Dotson A. , Gamberg L. , Gordon S. , Gonzalez-Hernandez J.O. , Prokudin A. , Rogers T.C. , Sato N.
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We construct a language for identifying kinematical regions of transversely differential semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) cross sections with particular underlying partonic pictures, especially in the regions of moderate to low Q where sensitiv- ity to kinematical effects becomes non-trivial. These partonic pictures map to power law expansions whose leading contributions ultimately lead to well-known QCD factorization theorems. In order to establish the consistency of a particular observable in SIDIS process with an estimate of the appropriate underlying partonic picture, we introduce new quan- titative criteria expressed in terms of various ratios of partonic and hadronic momentum degrees of freedom. We propose how to use these criteria in phenomenology and provide a web tool which allows visualization of these ratios for any chosen kinematic configuration.
How much joint resummation do we need?
Authors: Lustermans Gillian , Papaefstathiou Andreas , Waalewijn Wouter J.
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Large logarithms that arise in cross sections due to the collinear and soft singularities of QCD are traditionally treated using parton showers or analytic resummation. Parton showers provide a fully-differential description of an event but are challenging to extend beyond leading logarithmic accuracy. On the other hand, resummation calculations can achieve higher logarithmic accuracy but often for only a single observable. Recently, there have been many resummation calculations that jointly resum multiple logarithms. Here we investigate the benefits and limitations of joint resummation in a case study, focussing on the family of e
+
e
− event shapes called angularities. We calculate the cross section differential in n angularities at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. We investigate whether reweighing a flat phase-space generator to this resummed prediction, or the corresponding distributions from Herwig and Pythia, leads to improved predictions for other angularities. We find an order of magnitude improvement for n = 2 over n = 1, highlighting the benefit of joint resummation, but diminishing returns for larger values of n.
Absorption of closed strings by giant gravitons
Authors: Chen Gaoli , de Mello Koch Robert , Kim Minkyoo , Van Zyl Hendrik J.R.
Published: October 2019

Abstract

A new approach to the computation of correlation functions involving two determinant operators as well as one non-protected single trace operator has recently been developed by Jiang, Komatsu and Vescovi. This correlation function provides the holographic description of the absorption of a closed string by a giant graviton. The analysis has a natural interpretation in the framework of group representation theory, which admits a generalization to general Schur polynomials and restricted Schur polynomials. This generalizes the holographic description to any giant or dual giant gravitons which carry more than one angular momentum on the sphere. For a restricted Schur polynomial labeled by a column with N boxes (dual to a maximal giant graviton) we find evidence in favor of integrability. Since this restricted Schur polynomial is a

$$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

-BPS operator, this integrability is a corollary of the results of Jiang, Komatsu and Vescovi.
Parton distributions from lattice data: the nonsinglet case
Authors: Cichy Krzysztof , Del Debbio Luigi , Giani Tommaso
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We revise the relation between Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) and matrix elements computable from lattice QCD, focusing on the quasi-Parton Distribution Functions (qPDFs) approach. We exploit the relation between PDFs and qPDFs in the case of the unpolarized isovector parton distribution to obtain a factorization formula relating the real and imaginary part of qPDFs matrix elements to specific nonsinglet distributions, and we propose a general framework to extract PDFs from the available lattice data, treating them on the same footing as experimental data. We implement the proposed approach within the NNPDF framework, and we study the potentiality of such lattice data in constraining PDFs, assuming some plausible scenarios to assess the unknown systematic uncertainties. We finally extract the two nonsinglet distributions involved in our analysis from a selection of the available lattice data.
Uncertainty in the reactor neutrino spectrum and mass hierarchy determination
Authors: Ciuffoli E. , Evslin J. , Mohammed H.
Published: October 2019

Abstract

One of the challenges that must be overcome in order to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy using reactor neutrinos is the theoretical uncertainty in the unoscillated reactor neutrino spectrum: this is one of the reasons why, recently, it was proposed to add a near detector to the JUNO experiment. A model-independent treatment of the spectrum uncertainty will be discussed, as well as the effect that it will have on the final result. Moreover, since the neutrino spectrum depends on the chemical composition of the fuel, the spectra at the near and far detectors will be different, because they will receive neutrinos from different cores. Taking into account the time evolution of the chemical composition of the fuel in the reactor core, it is possible to reconstruct the far detector spectrum from the near detector data. We will show that the method used to reconstruct the spectrum can affect sensitivity to the mass hierarchy, however if the near detector is large enough the difference will be negligible.
Proper TMD factorization for quarkonia production: pp → ηc, b as a study case
Authors: Echevarria Miguel G.
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Quarkonia production in different high-energy processes has recently been proposed in order to probe gluon transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution and fragmentation functions (TMDs in general). However, no proper factorization theorems have been derived for the discussed processes, but rather just ansatzs, whose main assumption is the factorization of the two soft mechanisms present in the process: soft-gluon radiation and the formation of the bound state. In this paper it is pointed out that, at low transverse momentum, these mechanisms are entangled and thus encoded in a new kind of non-perturbative hadronic quantities beyond the TMDs: the TMD shape functions. This is illustrated by deriving the factorization theorem for the process pp → η

c, b
at low transverse momentum.
The light-fermion contribution to the exact Higgs-gluon form factor in QCD
Authors: Harlander Robert V. , Prausa Mario , Usovitsch Johann
Published: October 2019

Abstract

An analytical expression for the three-loop form factors for ggH and γγH is derived for the contributions which involve massless quark loops. The result is expressed in terms of harmonic polylogarithms. It fully agrees with previously obtained kinematical expansions, and confirms a recent semi-numerical approximation which extends over the full kinematic range.
Kinematic focus point method for particle mass measurements in missing energy events
Authors: Kim Doojin , Matchev Konstantin T. , Shyamsundar Prasanth
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We investigate the solvability of the event kinematics in missing energy events at hadron colliders, as a function of the particle mass ansatz. To be specific, we reconstruct the neutrino momenta in dilepton

$$ t\overline{t} $$

t

t
¯

-like events, without assuming any prior knowledge of the mass spectrum. We identify a class of events, which we call extreme events, with the property that the kinematic boundary of their allowed region in mass parameter space passes through the true mass point. We develop techniques for recognizing extreme events in the data and demonstrate that they are abundant in a realistic data sample, due to expected singularities in phase space. We propose a new method for mass measurement whereby we obtain the true values of the mass parameters as the focus point of the kinematic boundaries for all events in the data sample. Since the masses are determined from a relatively sharp peak structure (the density of kinematic boundary curves), the method avoids some of the systematic errors associated with other techniques. We show that this new approach is complementary to previously considered methods in the literature where one studies the solvability of the kinematic constraints throughout the mass parameter space. In particular, we identify a problematic direction in mass space of nearly 100% solvability, and then show that the focus point method is effective in lifting the degeneracy.
The Yagita Invariant of Symplectic Groups of Large Rank
Authors: Busch Cornelia M. , Leary Ian J.
Published: October 2019

Fix a prime p, and let $${\mathcal {O}}$$O denote a subring of $${\mathbb {C}}$$C that is either integrally closed or contains a primitive pth root of 1. We determine the Yagita invariant at the prime p for the symplectic group $${\mathrm{Sp}}(2n,{\mathcal {O}})$$Sp(2n,O) for all $$n\ge p-1$$n≥p-1.
A simple method for implementing Monte Carlo tests
Authors: Ding Dong , Gandy Axel , Hahn Georg
Published: October 2019

We consider a statistical test whosepvalue can only be approximated using Monte Carlo simulations. We are interested in deciding whether thepvalue for an observed data set lies above or below a given threshold such as 5%. We want to ensure that the resampling risk, the probability of the (Monte Carlo) decision being different from the true decision, is uniformly bounded. This article introduces a simple open-ended method with this property, the confidence sequence method (CSM). We compare our approach to another algorithm, SIMCTEST, which also guarantees an (asymptotic) uniform bound on the resampling risk, as well as to other Monte Carlo procedures without a uniform bound. CSM is free of tuning parameters and conservative. It has the same theoretical guarantee as SIMCTEST and, in many settings, similar stopping boundaries. As it is much simpler than other methods, CSM is a useful method for practical applications.
Quantifying Restoration Offsets at a Nuclear Power Plant in Canada
Authors: Barnthouse Lawrence W. , Fietsch Cherie-Lee , Snider David
Published: October 2019

In Canada, the Fisheries Act requires all water takers to avoid, mitigate and offset fish losses. To satisfy the act’s requirements, operators of power plants are required to undertake habitat restoration projects to compensate for fish impinged and entrained at cooling water intake structures. Scaling the quantity of restoration needed, and measuring whether adequate compensation has been achieved, requires a metric that expresses the losses and gains in comparable units. Development of such a metric is especially difficult in the case of power plants, because the losses often consist of a mix of species and life stages that are very different from those produced by technically feasible restoration projects. This paper documents the method that has been developed for quantifying offsets for impingement and entrainment at the Bruce Generating Stations on the eastern shore of Lake Huron, and demonstrates how the method is being used to estimate the offset to be provided by removal of a dam on the nearby Saugeen River.
Prediction of aspiration in dysphagia using logistic regression: oral intake and self-evaluation
Authors: Heijnen Bas J. , Böhringer Stefan , Speyer Renée
Published: October 2019

Objectives

Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) has a major influence on health in general and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in particular. The gold standard assessments for OD, especially for aspiration in OD, are fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and videofluoroscopy (VFSS), but not all patients have access to such procedures. Therefore, the current study built a prediction model to forecast aspiration in patients with OD on the basis of common self-evaluation questionnaires and oral intake status.

Methods

A consecutive series of 111 patients with confirmed diagnosis of OD was measured according to a standardised protocol using the following tools: the Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire (SWAL-QOL), the Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI), two self-report visual analogue scales which measure the Severity and the Impairment of the swallowing problem on everyday social life as experienced by the patient, the Eating Assessment Tool 10 (EAT-10), the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) and subsequently FEES (the gold standard). Penalised logistic regression was carried out to predict aspiration. The performance of the resulting models was evaluated by constructing receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and computing areas under the curve (AUC).

Results

The final model showed an AUC of 0.92, indicating excellent performance.

Conclusion

This study shows that it may be possible to accurately predict aspiration in oropharyngeal dysphagia by a non-invasive and non-instrumental assessment protocol including oral intake status and self-report questionnaires on functional health status and HR-QoL.
Connected sets of positive solutions of elliptic systems in exterior domains
Authors: Orpel Aleksandra
Published: October 2019

The existence of infinitely many connected sets of positive solutions for a certain elliptic system is investigated in this paper. We consider semilinear equations with perturbed Laplace operators described in an exterior domain. We show that each of these solutions $$\mathbf {u}=( u_{1},u_{2})$$u=(u1,u2) has the minimal asymptotic decay, namely $$ u_{i}(x)=O(||x||^{2-n})$$ui(x)=O(||x||2-n) as $$||x||\rightarrow \infty ,$$||x||→∞,$$i=1,2,$$i=1,2, and finite energy in a neighborhood of infinity. Our main tool is the sub and super-solutions theorem which is based on the Sattinger’s iteration procedure. We do not need any growth assumptions concerning nonlinearities.
The Chinese deliveryman problem
Authors: van Ee Martijn , Sitters René
Published: October 2019

We introduce the Chinese deliveryman problem where the goal of the deliveryman is to visit every house in his neighborhood such that the average time of arrival is minimized. We show that, in contrast to the well-known Chinese postman problem, the Chinese deliveryman problem is APX-hard in general and NP-hard for planar graphs. We give a simple$$\sqrt{2}$$2-approximation for undirected graphs and a 4 / 3-approximation for 2-edge connected graphs. We observe that there is a PTAS for planar graphs and that depth first search is optimal for trees.
Nitrogen source-dependent inhibition of yeast growth by glycine and its N-methylated derivatives
Authors: Linder Tomas
Published: October 2019

The effect of nitrogen source on the inhibitory properties of glycine and its N-methylated derivatives N-methylglycine (sarcosine), N,N-dimethylglycine, N,N,N-trimethylglycine (glycine betaine) on yeast growth was investigated. On solid minimal medium, all four glycine species completely or partially inhibited growth of Kluyveromyces lactis, Komagataella pastoris, Ogataea arabinofermentans, Spathaspora passalidarum and Yamadazyma tenuis at concentrations 5–10 mM when 10 mM NH4Cl was the sole source of nitrogen. If NH4Cl was substituted by sodium L-glutamate as the sole source of nitrogen, obvious growth inhibition by glycine and its N-methylated derivatives was generally not observed in any of these species. No obvious growth inhibition by any of the glycine species at a concentration of 10 mM was observed in Cyberlindnera jadinii, Lipomyces starkeyi, Lodderomyces elongisporus, Scheffersomyces stipitis or Yarrowia lipolytica on solid minimal medium irrespective of whether the nitrogen source was NH4Cl or sodium L-glutamate. Growth inhibition assays of K. pastoris in liquid minimal medium supplemented with increasing concentrations of N,N-dimethylglycine demonstrated inhibitory effects for nine tested nitrogen sources. In most cases, N,N-dimethylglycine supplementation caused a decrease in growth efficiency that appeared to be proportional to the concentration of N,N-dimethylglycine. The biological relevance of these results is discussed.
Data-driven missing data imputation in cluster monitoring system based on deep neural network
Authors: Lin Jie , Li NianHua , Alam Md Ashraful , Ma Yuqing
Published: October 2019

Due to cluster instability, not in the cluster monitoring system. This paper focuses on the missing data imputation processing for the cluster monitoring application and proposes a new hybrid multiple imputation framework. This new imputation approach is different from the conventional multiple imputation technologies in the fact that it attempts to impute the missing data for an arbitrary missing pattern with a model-based and data-driven combination architecture. Essentially, the deep neural network, as the data model, extracts deep features from the data and deep features are further calculated then by a regression or data-driven strategies and used to create the estimation of missing data with the arbitrary missing pattern. This paper gives evidence that if we can train a deep neural network to construct the deep features of the data, imputation based on deep features is better than that directly on the original data. In the experiments, we compare the proposed method with other conventional multiple imputation approaches for varying missing data patterns, missing ratios, and different datasets including real cluster data. The result illustrates that when data encounters larger missing ratio and various missing patterns, the proposed algorithm has the ability to achieve more accurate and stable imputation performance.
Pipe rheology of microfibrillated cellulose suspensions
Authors: Turpeinen Tuomas , Jäsberg Ari , Haavisto Sanna , Liukkonen Johanna , Salmela Juha , Koponen Antti I.
Published: October 2019

The shear rheology of two mechanically manufactured microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) suspensions was studied in a consistency range of 0.2–2.0% with a pipe rheometer combined with ultrasound velocity profiling. The MFC suspensions behaved at all consistencies as shear thinning power law fluids. Despite their significantly different particle size, the viscous behavior of the suspensions was quantitatively similar. For both suspensions, the dependence of yield stress and the consistency index on consistency was a power law with an exponent of 2.4, similar to some pulp suspensions. The dependence of flow index on consistency was also a power law, with an exponent of − 0.36. The slip flow was very strong for both MFCs and contributed up to 95% to the flow rate. When wall shear stress exceeded two times the yield stress, slip flow caused drag reduction with consistencies higher than 0.8%. When inspecting the slip velocities of both suspensions as a function of wall shear stress scaled with the yield stress, a good data collapse was obtained. The observed similarities in the shear rheology of both the MFC suspensions and the similar behavior of some pulp fiber suspensions suggests that the shear rheology of MFC suspensions might be more universal than has previously been realized.