bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges in Conducting Qualitative Research with Individuals with Dementia
Authors: Beuscher Linda , Grando Victoria T.
Published: January 2010

Qualitative research can capture the meaningful experiences and life values of individuals with dementia not reported in quantitative studies. This article shares a personal experience of the challenges faced and the lessons learned while conducting a qualitative study of 15 people with early-stage Alzheimer's disease. The purpose of this article is to discuss the issues concerning determination of capacity to consent to research, consent/assent, communication challenges, and trustworthiness of data when conducting a qualitative study of people with dementia. Understanding communication challenges related to dementia is important to develop effective communication strategies, such as simplifying the structure of questions, allowing ample time for the participant's response, using reminiscence, and redirecting the dialogue. This information will be valuable to researchers conducting qualitative studies and the resulting contributions to the body of knowledge about Alzheimer's disease.
Treatment Fidelity in Nursing Home Research: The Res-Care Intervention Study
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Galik Elizabeth , Pretzer-Aboff Ingrid , Gruber-Baldini Ann L. , Russ Karen , Cayo Jeanne , Zimmerman Sheryl
Published: January 2010

Treatment fidelity plays an important role in the research team's ability to assure that a treatment has been implemented as intended. This is particularly important in long-term care, given the challenges associated with engaging in research in these sites. The purpose of this article is to describe the treatment fidelity plan and treatment fidelity outcomes for the Res-Care Intervention Study, which included a two-tiered motivational intervention examining behaviors in both nursing assistants and residents. We considered treatment fidelity with regard to design, training, delivery, receipt, and enactment. There was some evidence of treatment fidelity across all five areas. Future work, however, should consider additional ways in which to evaluate treatment fidelity, including using technology as a way to expose nursing assistants to new information and the inclusion of a Goal Attainment Form for enactment of resident activities. In doing so, assurance of treatment fidelity related to restorative care interventions would be strengthened.
Description of a new species of Perichaena (Myxomycetes) from arid areas of Argentina
Authors: Lado Carlos , Wrigley de Basanta Diana , Estrada-Torres Arturo , García Carvajal Eva , Aguilar María , Hernández-Crespo Juan Carlos
Published: January 2010

A new species of the myxomycete genus Perichaena is described in this paper. The new species, named Perichaena calongei, was found during intensive studies of arid areas of the Monte desert in Argentina. It has been found directly in the field from the provinces of Catamarca, La Rioja, Salta and San Juan, in the Northwest of Argentina, and isolated from moist chamber cultures of native plant species collected in Catamarca, Jujuy, Salta and San Juan. The characters that make this species unique in the genus are the combination of the morphology of the sporocarps, the structure and dehiscence of the peridium, and the ornamentation of the capillitium. The morphology of the my xo - mycete specimens was examined using light microscopy with Nomarski interference contrast, and scanning electron microscopy. Micrographs of relevant morphological characters are included. A key to facilitate the identification of the stipitate species of Perichaena is also proposed.
Results of a Survey of Mosquitoes Conducted at London, Ontario in 1952 with Observations on the Biology of the Species Collected
Authors: Judd W. W.
Published: January 2010

In Canada surveys of mosquito populations have been conducted on a scale varying from country-wide programmes to local sunreys about centres of population. The work of the Defence Research Roard and Department of Agriculture in conducting surveys and biological snidies of mosquitoes across northern Canada has been reviewed by Twinn (1950, 1952) and Freeman (1952). During 1944 a country-wide survey, particularly of anopheline species, was conducted as part of a study of possible transmission of malaria (Twinn, 1944). In the Fraser River Valley Hearle (1026) studied the distribution and biology of the mosquitoes of that region. Surveys of a local nature around centres of population have been conducted by McLintock (1944) at Winnipeg, by Urquhart (1948) at Toronto and by Judd (1950) at Hamilton as a basis for control programmes at these centres. During 1952 such a survay, the subject of this paper, was carried out at London, Ontario and its vicinity to determine what species were present in the region, the times of occurrence of larvae and pupae in pools and the seasonal abundance of adults of each species.
A Simplification of Hubbell’s Method for Trapping and Preserving Specimens of Ceuthophilus (Orthoptera, Gryllacrididae)
Authors: Beaudry J. R.
Published: January 2010

Insects of the genus Ceuthophilus although widely distributed in North America are seldom encountered by the collector unless attracted and captured by means of Hubbell's molasses traps. These traps, which consist of glass jars (Hubbell recommends pint-size Mason jars) containing half an inch to an inch of molasses diluted one-half with water, are buried to the brim in the ground or heaped around with stones, leaves, etc., to give access to the edge of the jar. Hubbell recommends placing them “…at least ten feet apart, and where ground-cover is scanty…, near such as does occur” in habitats or situations which are expected to yield specimens of Ceuthophilus: almost any type of forest, rock piles, stone fences, vicinity of the openings of mammal burrows, caves, certain grasslands, etc….
The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. VII. Effects on Some Beneficial Arthropods
Authors: MacPhee A. W. , Sanford K. H.
Published: January 2010

The toxicities of a large number of spray chemicals to arthropod pests are well known. In most instances, observations on the effects of such materials on natural enemies have beeen incidental to other studies, and little has been published on experiments designed to determine the direct toxicities of the chemicals to beneficial species. The effects of spray chemicals on the predators and parasites of the major pests of apple trees in Nova Scotia have been investigated as part of a broader project on the factors that influence population densities of orchard arthropods, as outlined by Pickett et al. (31).
Common Sawflies Feeding on White Birch in the Forested Areas of Manitoba and Saskatchewan
Authors: Wong H. R.
Published: January 2010

Twelve species of sawflies are common on white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) in the forested areas of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. They also occur in Fastern Canada and the United States. A key is presented at the end of the paper by which the late instars of these twelve species can be identified. The immature forms of these species were described by Dyar (1893, 1895a, 1895b, 1895c), Middleton (1915, 1922) and Riley (1890). Unfortunately these descriptions are scattered in several publications, and in most cases the names of the genera or species in the original descriptions have been changed (Ross 1951). This paper brings together the current nomenclature and some biological information on these species.
Food Relations of the Wheat Stem Sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort. (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)
Authors: Holmes N. D.
Published: January 2010

It has been shown by Farstad (1940) and Platt (1946, 1948) that resistance in wheat to the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort., is positively correlated with solidness of stem. Under certain environmental conditions the resistant variety Rescue becomes susceptible to sawfly damage. The nature of this resistance is unknown, but a study of the nutritional requirements of C. cinctus may reveal it and perhaps assist in the development of new resistant varieties. The preliminary phases of this project were conducted with the following objectives: to studv the anatomy of the larval organs of ingestion and digestion; to determine the plant tissues ingested by the larva; and to study the hydrolytic enzymes present in feeding larvae.
Life-History Studies of Spaelotis clandestina (Harr.) and Polia purpurissata (Grt.) (Lepidoptera: Phalaenidae) in Low-bush Blueberry Areas in New Brunswick
Authors: Wood G. W. , Neilson W. T. A. , Maxwell C. W. , McKiel J. A.
Published: January 2010

Wood (1951) published a list of lepidopterous larvae collected from commercial blueberry fields in Charlotte County. N.B. Among the species consistently collected annually from 1947 to 1952 are the cutworms Spaelotis clandestina (Harr.) and Polia purpurissata (Grt.). Although notes on both species have been given by various authors, including Crumb (1929, 1932), Gibson (1915), and Phipps (19301, no complete account of their life-histories has been published.
A Relation Between April and May Temperatures and Spruce Budworm Larval Emergence
Authors: Rose A. H. , Blais J. R.
Published: January 2010

In the spring, spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem)), emerge as second-instar larvae from hibernacula. This emergence may be sudden and is readily detectable in the field. In northwestern Ontario, the sudden appearance of larvae in large numbers was especially spectacular in 1948; that year, very few insects were observed on May 11, but on the following two days, countless larvae could be seen on strands of silk streaming out from trees. Many of the insects were carried away by air currents. The surface of Big Canon Lake, a body of water close to four square miles in area, was covered with larvae, at an estimated density of 100 larvae per square foot of surface. At other times, however, emergence may be gradual or there may be two distinct periods of abundant emergence. Furthermore, the time of abundant larval emergence through six years has varied by as much as four weeks. Because of such differences, prevailing spring temperatures were examined to determine what relationship might exist between temperature and the time and character of emergence. This paper points out a relationship between emergence and April and May temperatures, and an apparent temperature threshold for emergence.
Progress in the Use of the Precipitin Test in Entomological Studies
Authors: Downe A. E. R. , West A. S.
Published: January 2010

The possible uses of the serological precipitin test for investigating certain entomological problems have been reported previously by West (6). It was suggested that the precipitin test offered a new tool which together with such tools as the electron microscope, paper chromatography and radioisotopes would contribute materially to future advancement in entomology. It is evident to everyone that progress in many branches of entomology is being made currently by the use of new and improved procedures.
The Instars of a Maggot (Pegohylemyia) Inhabiting White Spruce Cones
Authors: Tripp Howard A.
Published: January 2010

Maggots of Pegohylemyia sp. have been found inhabiting the cones of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss, in southern Ontario. The species was identified from a single male specimen as probably Pegohylemyia anthracina Czerny by the Swedish authority Dr. O. Ringdahl. Difficulty in rearing the maggots to the adult stage has delayed confirmation of this identification but it is expected that a good series of adults will be available shortly. In this paper, however, the emphasis is placed on the instars with an outline of the life cycle. It is shown that the second- and third-instar larvae are free-living, but the first-instar larvae moult to the second within the egg chorion.
Notes on the North American Species of Aphrodes (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: Beirne Bryan P.
Published: January 2010

Six North American species of leafhoppers of the genus Aphrodes were listed, with 36 synonyms, by Oman (1949). Examination of the male genitalia has revealed not more than four species. Because of the extensive individual variation it is often difficult to identify some of the species on external characters alone. The male genitalia, however, show good specific characters (Figs. 1-5).
First Record of the Family Deuterophlebiidae in Canada (Diptera)
Authors: Shewell G. E.
Published: January 2010

While examining the collections of immature stages of Simuliidae made at Jasper, Alta., in 1932, by Mr. J. D. Gregson, Livestock Insect Laboratory, Kamloops, B.C., I recently found a female pupa of the rare and remarkable family commonly called “mountain midges”. The group consists of a single genus, Deuterophlebia Edwards (1922), in which four Asiatic and two North American species are recognized, although there are, also, a few records of unidentified larvae and pupae. Muttkowski (1927) first recorded the family on this continent, and Pennak (1945, 1951) and Wirth (1951) have described the two Nearctic species. Pennak (1945) has also summarized the published information on the distribution, habits, and morphology of the group.
Note on a Staphylinid (Coleoptera) Predator of Earthworms
Authors: McLeod J. H.
Published: January 2010

In August, 1953, the proprietor of an earthworm-propagating establishment in Vancouver, British Columbia, reported that her propagating boxes were infested with small, dark-brown beetles. Specimens of the beetles were identified by Professor M. H. Hatch, University of Washington, as of Quedius (Microsaurus) mesomelinus (Marsh.), Coleoptera, Staphylinidae.
A Revision of the Genus Hypenodes Doubleday with Descriptions of New Species (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae)
Authors: Ferguson Douglas C.
Published: January 2010

Until recently only one species of this genus was recognized in North America–Menopsimus caducus Dyar. In a paper of 1919, Synonymical Notes Relating to Menopsimus caducus Dyar (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 51, No. 2, p. 74), Mr. J. G. Franclemont estabiished that caducus and fractilinea Sm. represent two distinct species, congeneric with the European one known as Tholomyges turfosalis Wocke, and showed that both Tholomyges Lederer and Menopsimus Dyar fall to Hypenodes Doubleday. Since that time, three more unnamed species have been found, bringing the total for North America to five. All of these, as far as is known, are restricted to the north-eastern region.
Observations on Snow Insects in Western Montana
Authors: Chapman John A.
Published: January 2010

A number of reports on snow insects have been made by entomologists although many of them are brief and fragmentary. Brauer (1871) long ago considered the problem which winter represents for insect life and stated that Boreus (Mecoptera: Boreidae) and Chionea (Diptera: Tipulidae) and several members of the Collembola were true snow insects. Frey (1913) collected many insects from the surface of snow and listed representatives of the above mentioned groups from Finland, as mlell as a large number of insects whose presence on the snow was apparently accidental. Marchand (1917) made some interesting observations on the bchaviour of Chionea and its temperature tolerance and referred to several earlier papers on this genus. Handschin (1919a) carried out an extended study of the snow zone fauna of the high Alps and took many specimens on the snow or on glaciers. However, he did not list Boreus and his Diptera had not been identified when he made his report. Collembola were dealt with in another publication (1919b).
A New Species of Catallagia Rothschild from the Rocky Mountains of Alberta (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae: Neopsyllinae)
Authors: Holland George P.
Published: January 2010

The genus Catallagia Rothschild was considered to be strictly Nearctic until C. dacenkoi was described by Ioff in 1940 from the Altai Mountains of the U.S.S.R. In 1950, Skalon described two additional species, C. ioffi and C. striatus, from the Transbaikal and other areas of the U.S.S.R. All three of the Russian species are apparently parasitic upon mice, particularly of the genus Clethrionomys (=Evotomys).
A Hibernation Record of Ips plastographus Leconte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
Authors: Johnson Philip C.
Published: January 2010

An instance of the California pine engraver (Ips plastographus Leconte) hibernating in short tunnels in the sapwood of host trees was observed during an examination of a windfelled lodgepole pine forest at the 6,100-foot elevation on Parsnip Mountain, Kootenai National Forest (Lincoln County), Montana on September 27, 1950. The above examination disclosed that (1) the new adult beetles were overwintering in windfelled trees previously unattacked, and (2) the adults were seeking shelter in short tunnels that penetrated the bole sapwood of these trees.
Note on Myzus ascalonicus Doncaster (Homoptera: Aphidae), an Aphid New to North America
Authors: MacGillivray M. E.
Published: January 2010

In the potato storage cellar of the Fredericton laboratory, aphids were collected on March 1, 1954, from chrysanthemum cuttings that had been placed in the cellar during the autumn of 1953. The aphids were so numerous that they were causing severe injury to the plants. The writer identified the specimens as of Myzus ascalonicus Doncaster. This identification was verified by Mr. J. P. Doncaster, British Museum of Natural History.
Notes on the Spruce Needle Miner, Taniva albolineana Kft. (Olethreutidae: Lepidoptera)
Authors: Cumming Margaret E. P.
Published: January 2010

The spruce needle miner was first described by Kearfott in 1907 (4), as Lipoptycha albolineana sp. nov. It was given various names by different authors after that time, and in a revision by Heinrich (3) was placed in the new genus Taniva.

The larvae of the spruce needle miner feed within the needles of spruce. They form a nest with the dead needles and frass held together with webbing. Ornamental trees are more often infested than forest trees. Young trees growing under adverse conditions are particularly susceptible to serious injury.
A Description of the Larva of Agriotes mancus (Say), with a Key Separating the Larvae of A. lineatus (L.), A. mancus, A. obscurus (L.), and A. sputator (L.) from Nova Scotia
Authors: Eidt D. C.
Published: January 2010

In Europe, extensive work on wireworms has revealed taxonomic problems in the genus Agriotes. Since the investigations of Roberts (1922) after the First World War it has been possible for both field men and taxonomists to identify the larvae of A. sputator (L.), but the problem of separating A. obscurus (L.) and A. lineatus (L.) has persisted through all subsequent work. The European literature on Agriotes larvae deals extensively with the latter problem (Beling, 1883-84; Ford, 1916; Guéniat, 1934; Henriksen, 1911-12; Horst, 1922; Korschefsky, 1941; Mesnil, 1930; Rambousek, 1928; Schaerfienberg, 1943; Subklew, 1934; and Znamenskij, 1927), but none of the authors expresses satisfaction with the characters found.
The Effect of Needle Structure upon the Susceptibility of Hosts to the Pine Needle Miner (Exoteleia pinifoliella (Chamb.)) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Bennett William H.
Published: January 2010

The pine needle miner (Exoteleia pinifoliella (Chamb.)) is one of at least seven pine needle miners occurring in North America. A native to the East, it is widely distributed from Southern Ontario (6) through the Atlantic States to Georgia (1).

The insect is a persistent and annoying pest that infests forest trees of all ages from nursery transplant beds to mature stands. The moths oviposit year after year on the same trees causing localized infestations; one part of a stand may be heavily populated, while an adjacent area may remain untouched for years.
Influence of Temperature on Embryonic Development of the Pale Western Cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr. (Lepidoptera: Phalaenidae)
Authors: Lindsay I. S.
Published: January 2010

This is a report on the influence of temperature on embryonic development of the pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr. Gross observations on embryonic progress were recorded.

As cultures of this species are continuously needed for studies at the Lethbridge laboratory, information on conditions for adequate egg storage was required. The record of embryonic development was used to determine the
most satisfactory stage at which eggs could be stored for future use.
An Application of the Linear Discriminant Function to Insect Taxonomy
Authors: Bigelow R. S. , Reimer C.
Published: January 2010

This paper is a report an the applicability of the linear discriminant function to insect taxonomy. Mather and Dobzhansky (1939) and Cox (1953) applied this technique to problems in insect taxonomy, but the former study was concerned with detecting a difference between samples, and the latter used the function only secondarily. In this paper, discriminant functions were calculated from several combinations of linear characters in males of two closely related species of grasshopper, Arphia pseadonietana (Thomas) and A. conspersa Scudder, to determine: (a) whether a reliable criterion could be found for relatively inexperienced workers to determine individual specimens with a predictable degree of precision; and (b) which characters, or combination of characters, would provide the most reliable criteria.
Distinct Morphological Differences Between DDT-Resistant and Non-DDT-Resistant Strains of the House Fly, Musca domestica L.
Authors: Bigelow R. S. , LeRoux E. J.
Published: January 2010

This paper is a report on the discovery of distinct morphological differences between DDT-resistant and non-DDT-resistant strains of the house fly, Musca domestica L. Since DDT-resistant house flies were first reported in Italy in 1945-46, such differences have been sought by a number of workers (e.g. Wiesmann, 1947; D'Alessandro et al., 1949; March and Lewallen, 1950; Anon., 1950). Various slight differences have been detected but none of a magnitude comparable to those described in this paper has so far been reported.
The Prunus- and Rubus-Feeding Species of Macropsis (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: Beirne Bryan P.
Published: January 2010

It is important that the species of leafhoppers of the genus Macropsis that feed on fruit trees should be readily identifiable, as at least one of them transmits the plant virus that produces the symptoms known as peach yellows and little peach. There has been some confusion between the Prunus-feeding species because it is frequently not possible to name adult specimens on external characters alone, and the male genitalia, which usually provide reliable specific characters, have not been illustrated or adequately described. Moreover, there is a form in this group whose status, as a species or as a variety, has been uncertain; and there is established in British Columbia a Rubus-feeding species that has not been recorded previously from North America.
Population Ecology of the Larch Sawfly
Authors: Lejeune R. R.
Published: January 2010

The study of populations and population trends of a forest insect embraces a wide field of activity. By implication, it includes a consideration of all mortality and survival factors. Therefore, in developing this portion of the symposium, it will be necessary to refer briefly to other related topics to be covered later. In addition, to obtain a proper understanding of the subject under discussion, the mode of operation of some population influences that will not be introduced by other members of the symposium will have to be described.
Fungal and Bacterial Pathogens of the Larch Sawfly
Authors: MacLeod D. M. , Heimpel A. M.
Published: January 2010

Fungi and bacteria each play a role in the natural control of many sawflies, including P. erichsonii. Parasitic fungi, for example, have been isolated from species in the following genera: Anoplonyx, Arge, Monoctenus, Neodiprion, Trichiosoma, Hemichroa, Pikonema, and Pristiphora. The isolates include species from Cephalosporium, Sorosporella, Isaria, Beauveria, Spicaria, Hirsutella, and Empusa (MacLeod, unpub.). The last five fungus genera have been isolated from larch sawfly collections made in various parts of Canada and the United States.
Concluding Remarks
Authors: Balch R. E.
Published: January 2010

We have had some good illusuations of different approaches to the study of forest insects. The subject has by no means been exhausted-the physiological approach, for instance, has been barely touched on—but I think the point has been brought out that there is no essential difference between the problems and methods of forest entomology and, say, agricultural entomology. There may be some differences in emphasis–the nature of the forest crop encourages the long-term ecological approach–but even this difference seems to be disappearing, as may he illustrated by Dr. Glen's recent paper on factors governing the abundance of insects.
Towards An Insect Ecology
Authors: Chapman John A.
Published: January 2010

It cannot be disputed that in any attempt to control populations of useful or harmful insects a knowledge of their ecology is of prime importance. In view of the significance of the various relationships between man and insects it follows that insect ecology should be a vigorous and strongly supported phase of entomology. It is the purpose of this discussion to consider briefly the present status of insect ecology and its relationship to ecology in general, and particularly to call attention to those characteristics of insect life that would seem to justify special treatment of insects from an ecological standpoint.
Certain Host-Parasite Relationships Involving the Spruce Budworm
Authors: McGugan Blair M.
Published: January 2010

During studies of the parasite complex of the spruce budworm in the Lake Nipigon region of northern Ontario from 1946 to 1950, data were obtained on certain host-parasite relationships. The data were derived from two sources: the rearing each year of periodic collections of spruce budworms, and the dissection of budworm larvae and pupae that were collected and preserved at 2-day intervals during June of 1948 and 1949. The particular features investigated were: the sex ratio of parasites and its possible relation to the sex of the host; and the effect of parasitism on the apparent sex, rate of development, and size of the host.
Methods for Estimating Orchard Mite Populations, Especially with the Mite Brushing Machine
Authors: Morgan C. V. G. , Chant D. A. , Anderson N. H. , Ayre G. L.
Published: January 2010

Phytophagous orchard mites have become so troublesome in British Columhia during the last decade that special attention has been given to studies on their ecology and control. An important prerequisite for such studies is an accurate and rapid method of estimating population densities of both the mites and their predators. As some mites are less than a fifth of a millimetre long, it is difficult to determine the numbers of adults present on foliage, quite apart from the eggs and other immature stages.

Methods for estimating orchard mite populations developed to date may be classified as either direct, in which the mites are counted on the leaves or estimated, or indirect, in which the mites are removed from the leaves and a known fraction is counted.
Oviposition Behaviour of the Jack-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion americanus banksianae Roh., as Indicated by an Analysis of Egg Clusters
Authors: Ghent A. W.
Published: January 2010

This study was undertaken as part of a broader investigation of the behaviour of the jack-pine sawfly, Neodiprion americanus banksianae Roh. The greater part of the investigation was directed towards an understanding of larval group-feeding behaviour, but in order to clarify the situation in which this insect begins larval life, large numbers of egg clusters were analysed with special attention paid to the positional relations of egg-bearing needles. Such analysis has permitted certain inferences on the oviposition behaviour of this insect and this indirect information is of value in view of the difficulties experienced in efforts to induce this species to oviposit under laboratory conditions for direct observation. Fortunately, egg clusters obtained from the field are well adapted to descriptive measurement and analysis, for in order to lay its full complement of eggs the adult female sawfly must select as many as 20 to 30 needles, thus leaving behind it a readily measured record of its egg-laying behaviour.
Aphomia gularis(Zeller) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) at Baie d'Urfé, Quebec
Authors: Gray P. H. H.
Published: January 2010

This moth was first reported on this continent as a pest in a consignment of peanuts, received in California from China (de Ong, 1919). Mr. Hahn W. Capps, of the United States Department of Agriculture, informs me,in litt., that 6 adults from that infestation, together with 2 from “near prunes” in 1930, and 8 from a prune warehouse in 1931, at San José, are in the U.S. National Museum.
The North American Species of Calocalpe Hübner (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)
Authors: Ferguson Douglas C.
Published: January 2010

Inconsistencies in larval habits of the Nearctic Calocalpe population have been known to lepidopterists of eastern North America for over a decade, at least since the publication of The Lepidoptera of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard Islands, Massachusetts by Dr. Frank Morton Jones and Mr. Charles P. Kimball (Nantucket Maria Mitchell Assoc., IV, 1943). In writing of the occurrence of undulata on Martha's Vineyard, Dr. Jones mentioned “solitary larvae, identified by breedings, occasional on Azalea”. Since only the common gregarious larvae on cherry were known up to that time and always considered as representing an American variant of undulata, the report of a solitary larva on a totally different food plant sounded interesting. This was drawn to my attention by Mr. Laurence R. Rupert of Sardinia, N.Y., who did so much to inspire my interest in Lepidoptera in earlier years. On a collecting trip with him to Martha's Vineyard in 1947, one of the things sought for was the Calocalpe mentioned by Dr. Jones. We did not find any, but since that time Dr. J. McDunnough and I on a number of occasions have bred specimens from solitary larvae on Rhodora at Halifax. Since Rhodora and Azalea are closely related, I assume this to be the same as the Martha's Vineyard species. Dr. McDunnough bred one from a larvae on Spiraea, the specimen emerging just in time to be mentioned in this paper. On another occasion I bred one from a single larva on willow, undoubtedly also the same species, and this provided the first clue to its relationship with the Palaearctic willow-feeding undulata.
Notes on Insects and Other Arthropods in Red and White Pine Logging Slash
Authors: Thomas J. B.
Published: January 2010

Logging slash constitutes an environment supporting a particular association of insects and other arthropods. At first, the species in the community are governed by the character of the slash, but with the passage of time the condition of the slash changes, the rate of change being directly affected by bark beetles and other wood borers that facilitate entry of wood-destroying fungi. As the environment changes, those species for which the habitat is no longer suitable drop out, leaving in the association only those that can exist under the new conditions. Insect communities in slash, logs, and dying trees have been studied by Hopkins (1893, 1899), Clemens (1916), Blackman and Stage (1918, 1924), Graham (1925), DeLeon (1934), Beal and Massey (1945), Howden and Vogt (1951), and others. The succession of communities of animals inhabiting slash, logs, and dying and dead trees has been shown by Adams (1915) and Savely (1939) to continue until the wood has disintegrated completely.
Identity of the Black Fly That Attacks Ducklings and Goslings in Canada (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: Shewell G. E.
Published: January 2010

For many years, the black fly Simulium venustum Say has been considered to be the chief vector of Leucocytozoon simondi M. & L. (=L. anatis Wick.), a protozoan parasite infesting the bloodstream of ducks and geese and causing a malarialike disease that is usually fatal to immature birds. The organism undergoes part of its life-cycle in the stomach of the fly, which transmits it, through its bite, to the primary host. Its development in the latter results in the rupture of blood cells, with extensive destruction of tissue of the spleen, liver, and other organs. Although, superficially, the case against S. venustum appears to be already proved, recent studies of this species in Eastern Canada have indicated that some aspects of its supposed relation to L. simondi cannot readily be explained on the basis of what is known of its life-history and habits. My attention was focussed on this problem when I discovered in 1953 that the Simulium species reported by Walker (1927) as causing wholesale deaths in a flock of goslings at Fredericton, N.B., was neither Simulium bracteatum Coq. (a synonym of S. (Eusimulium) aureum Fries), as reported by Walker, nor S. venustum Say, as suggested by Twinn (1933).
New Species of Leafhoppers from Canada (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: Beirne Bryan P.
Published: January 2010

The following are descriptions of a new species of the subfamily Typhlocybinae from northern Canada, and one new species of the subfamily Deltocephalinae from Eastern Canada and a second from the Prairie Provinces. The type material is in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa.
The Concept of Survival in Preference to That of Mortality
Authors: Salt R. W.
Published: January 2010

The application of lethal agents of any kind in entomological research is usually aimed at the determination of mortality as related to such factors as dosage, temperature, and time. Mortality is the yard-stick and survivors merely the fraction that did not die. After an arbitrarily selected interval the experimental material is categorized as dead or alive, with sometimes an intermediate group such as “subnormal” inserted. This third class is often essential, for its members do not properly qualify as dead or alive, terms that imply totality. It is also a nuisance, for several reasons: (1) it blends gradually into the other two categories so that classification itself is subject to errors of judgment; (2) its numerical uncertainty affects the other categories not only at the time of initial classification but also later by the death or total recovery of some of its members; (3) as long as any treatment-effect persists, the situation remains quantitatively incomplete.
Abundance and Relative Importance of Caterpillars Attacking Cabbage in Eastern Ontario
Authors: Harcourt D. G. , Backs R. H. , Cass L. M.
Published: January 2010

Cabbage and related crops are attacked every year throughout Ontario by caterpillars of three species, namely, the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), the diamondback moth, Plutella maculipennis (Curt.), and the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hbn.). The imported cabbageworm is generally regarded as the most abundant of the three species and is reported as doing damage of considerable economic importance each year. The cabbage looper does not occur in large numbers until late in the season, but in most years it is believed to be second only in importance to the imported cabbageworm. The diamondback moth is generally considered to be much less important than the other two species (Caesar, 19i8). As previously reported (Matthewman et al., 1952), these beliefs were not borne our by observations of field populations at Ottawa in 1950. Whereas populations of the cabbage looper were strikingly low, those of the diamondback moth were much higher than the literature indicated. This paper is a summary of four seasons' experiments, 1951-1954, undertaken to assess the abundance and relative importance of the three species in eastern Ontario.
Frass-drop Studies of Larvae of Neodiprion americanus banksianae Roh. and N. lecontei (Fitch) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)
Authors: Green G W. , deFreitas A. S.
Published: January 2010

Among others, Schwerdtfeger, 1931, Gosswald, 1934, and Morris, 1949, have used frass-drop samples as indirect measurements of the density of forest insect populations with some success. The method has also been used to assess the effects of various insecticides on the feeding of treated larvae (Rhumbler, 1929; Schwerdtfeger, 1930) and to study the influence of weather upon the feeding and development of forest insects (Monro, 1935).
Window Flight Traps for Insects
Authors: Chapman John A. , Kinghorn James M.
Published: January 2010

During the past spring and summer glass barrier traps have been used as a means of sampling the flying populations of an ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron sp., and other scolytid beetles. The “window” trap has functioned well enough to warrant its brief description. A piece of window glass (2 × 2 ft.) is set in a three-sided wooden frame from which a sheet metal trough is hung. The trough is filled with fuel oil or water to which a wetting agent is added. Screened outlets provide for drainage of excess rain water in the laner case and when oil is present an inverted “L” tube drains this water from beneath the oil. Insects are collected by removing the trough and pouring its contents through a strainer. Traps are hung from various types of pole framework depending on their location, and guy wires are used to keep them from swinging.
New Species of Liocoris from North America (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A.
Published: January 2010

The extensive literature on the “lygus” bugs of economic importance in North America deals with members of the genus Liocoris Fieber (Kelton, 1955). In this paper four new species that formerly were misidentified as other species of the genus Lygus Hahn are described.
The Oak Bark Beetle, Pseudopityophthorus minutissimus (Zimm.) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) and its Biology in Wisconsin
Authors: McMullen Leslie H. , King Edwin W. , Shenefelt Roy D.
Published: January 2010

Among the many insects under investigation as potential vectors of the oak wilt fungus in Wisconsin and elsewhere, the species of Pseudopityophthorus have attracted considerable attention. Although recent developments appear to indicate that the long-distance spread of this serious disease occurs primarily with the aid of other insects, our knowledge at present does not warrant the assumption that bark beetles play no part whatever. In the study of P. minutissimus from August, 1952, to the fall of 1953, considerable information concerning its biology in Wisconsin has been brought to light; and regardless of its relationship to the oak wilt problem it seems desirable at this time to make better known this member of the Wisconsin bark beetle fauna.
A Fungous Enemy of the Pea Aphid, Macrosiphum pisi (Kaltenbach)
Authors: MacLeod D. M.
Published: January 2010

During an investigation into the importance of fungal disease as a factor in the control of orchard pests throughout the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, the haemocoele of large numbers of Macrosiphum pisi (Kaltenbach) was found to be infected with a fungal growth that resulted in death. This fungus was identified from mounted specimens as Empusa (= Entomophthora) aphidis Hoffman.
Species of Lygus, Liocoris, and Their Allies in the Prairie Provinces of Canada (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A.
Published: January 2010

The Lygus complex was treated as a number of genera and subgenera in a recent paper (Kelton, 1955). The genus Liocoris Fieber now contains the economically important species, the pratensis group, referred to collectively in the literature as the “lygus” bugs.

In the Prairie Provinces of Canada, several species of the pratensis group are of economic importance mainly in the growing of alfalfa seed, especially in the north-central agricultural region and in the irrigated areas of the southwest. A review of the names used in dealing with these pests on the Canadian prairies showed that most of them were based on misidentifications, although fortunately the use of the names has been fairly consistent. Such widely recorded and used names of Lygus pratensis (L.) and L. elisus Van D. have each been used for specimens of another species, and L. hesperus Kngt. for those of three other species.
Dermatitis of Humans Caused by the Fowl Mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (Deg.), at London, Ontario
Authors: Judd W. W.
Published: January 2010

In November, 1955 two women in a room in a private hospital in London, Ontario, were found to be affected by an irritating dermatitis distributed generally over the body. The causative agent was an infestation of mites which were found in the bedding, over the walls of the room and on furniture. Collections of the mites were made in the room on November 18, 19 and 20. They were also found clustered about a bruise on an apple in a bowl of fruit in the room. The mites were sent to Dr. E. W. Baker, United States National Museum, who kindly identified them as the fowl mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (Deg.). Some specimens were retained for the collection of the U.S. National Museum and others have been mounted on slides No. E23.95-98 in the collection of the Department of Zoology, University of Western Ontario.
The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. IX. Studies on Means of Altering Predator Populations
Authors: Lord F. T.
Published: January 2010

It has been established that a complex of predacious arthropods on apple trees in Nova Scotia can control phytophagous mite populations (Lord, 1949). Some of the predators, when sufficiently numerous, may also be important in the control of other pests such as the eye-spotted bud-moth, Spilonota ocellana (D. & S.), and the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.). When predation has reduced the mite population to small numbers, the insect predators almost disappear from the orchard. In most orchards in this province, the use of spray materials innocuous to predators has greatly reduced the phytophagous mite populations. The low mite population is an important gain but it is not known whether the attendant small numbers of predators is advantageous in the natural control of pests in general. This will be answered in time by the experience of the growers and, meanwhile, further research is needed on the interrelations of the phytophagous and predacious species and on how they are affected by orchard practices and other factors. This involves studies on the food preferences and behaviour of many species. In addition, means must be found to modify cultural practices to make conditions as favourable as possible for certain species of predators.
Restriction and Revision of the Genus Diastictis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Munroe Eugene
Published: January 2010

The genus Diastictis Hübner (1818: 21) has as monotype D. argyralis Hübner. Warren (1892: 434), neglecting the original publication, proposed Anomostictis as a substitute name for Diastictis Hübner, 1825, which is preoccupied by the geometrid genus Diastictis Hübner, 1823. Warren's selection of argyralis as type of Diastictis Hübner, 1825, is an effective type designation for Anomostictis, which therefore is a junior objective synonym of Diastictis Hübner, 1818.
New Species of Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Mostly Mexican. Part II
Authors: Wood Stephen L.
Published: January 2010

In this paper 12 new species of scolytid beetles of the tribe Micracini are described from the United States, Mexico and Honduras. Notes concerning the geographical distributions and the biologies of a few other Mexican species are also included. Unless stated otherwise, the specimens taken in Mexico were collected by the author while with the 1953 expedition of the Francis Huntington Snow Entomological Museum (University of Kansas, Lawrence). The new species represent the following genera: Micracisella (3), Thysanoes (2), Pseudothysanoes (3), Crytocleptes (3), and Stenoclyptus (1).
Flexible Cable for Foot Control of Microscope Focus
Authors: Taylor D. W. , Chapman J. A.
Published: January 2010

When working with the stereoscopic microscope it is often desirable to use both hands for continuous manipulation of dissecting instruments or material under observation. In many instances, however, as when using the higher magnifications to study internal organs of insects, repeated focus adjustments are needed. The use of one hand for focus control is then a source of inefficiency and annoyance because it means frequent change of an instrument from its carefully adjusted position in the microscope field. Eyestrain and unsatisfactory performance follow attempts to reduce the number of adiustments made.
Some Mites of the Subfamily Phytoseiinae (Acarina: Laelaptidae) from Southeastern England, with Descriptions of New Species
Authors: Chant D. A.
Published: January 2010

For several years the author has been engaged in a study of the predacious mites of value in controlling the European red mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch), in southeastern England. During this time, extensive collections of mites of the subfamily Phytoseiinae were made and several new species found. These are described here.

New species of Phytoseiinae have usually been described from female specimens only; the males have been frequently unknown. It is essential in ecological investigations to be familiar with both mature forms. During this study the males of some species of which the females had been described were collected and reared. Some of these have been described elsewhere (Chant, in preparation) and in this paper the male of Typhlodromus bakeri (Garman), 1948, is dealt with.
Aedes melanimonDyar and Related Species
Authors: Richards Charles S.
Published: January 2010

Aedes melanimonwas described by Dyar (1924) from specimens collected at Bakersfield, California, as closely resemblingAedes dorsalis(Meigen) but differing in color, wing-scale pattern, and in the male genitalia. Freeborn (1926) consideredA. melanimonto be an “aberrant form” or “race” ofA. dorsalis. Two species closely related toA. dorsalisare the AmericanAedes campestrisDyar and Knab, andAedes caspius(Pallas) of Europe, Asia, and Africa.
The International Congresses of Entomology
Authors: Thompson W. R.
Published: January 2010

The International Congresses of Entomology appear to have arisen in the first instance as a development of the International Congresses of Zoology of which the first was created in 1889 by the Zoological Society of France. The first Entomological Congress however, came to be through the personal initiative of Dr. Karl Jordan. Dr. Jordan felt that although entomology has a place in Zoological Congresses this was not commensurate with its importance. He considered that entomology was suffering from the absence of a representative organization where entomologists could meet and discuss their common problems. He noted that many important entomological works, large collections and even the name of distinguished specialists remained quite unknown to non-entomological zoologists. He observed that here and there ill feeling had developed among members of the entomological profession to the great damage of biological science. He found that although entomologists were very numerous and had produced a tremendous mass of work a good deal of this had little scientific value. Finally he complained that in Europe, at least, few of the scientific entomologists were at all interested in the insects of importance to agriculture and to health. Some of the colleagues he consulted doubted that an Entomological Congress could be organized but all agreed that it would undoubtedly be beneficial to entomology.