bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Concept of Fiesta in Spanish National and Cultural Vision of the World
Authors: Astakhova E. V.
Published: June 2021

The author examines the image of Spain through the megaconcept of fiesta, which determines many aspects of the national and cultural mentality. This concept reflects various vectors of quotidian life, religious and popular holidays with their complicated details and special dramaturgy, penetrates to every day communication and behavior. The research determines such Spanish extralinguistic realities as corrida, tertulia, movida, botellon, indignados, analyses the role of the theater, of "coffee culture", of football and other phenomenons in social life and cognitive space of Spaniards. The knowledge of different aspects of fiesta helps to understand the word potential of Spanish language, its metaphors, and stylistic images. The fiesta as a key word of Spanish linguistic culture, it is full of feelings, which considered being merged in verbal, textual, visual and no verbal dimensions for the exit of intercultural communication.
DEVELOPMENT OF DERIVATIVE MARKET IN 2000-2012
Authors: Vasina E. V.
Published: June 2021

At the end of XIX century futures exchange emerged, in the early 70-ies XX century - option exchange of financial derivatives. These exchanges gave a huge boost to the development of market of the operations with derivative financial instruments. In fact, in the 1970-1980-ies a new market segment was actually formed - the stock and financial derivatives. Trade in financial derivatives began in the OTC market, which accounts for most of the trade of derivatives. Today volumes of the OTC market of derivatives are several times greater than the volume of world trade and world GDP. From 2000 to 2007 derivative OTC market grew rapidly. In 2007-2008 there is a decline in trade of derivatives, but already in 2009 the world market of OTC derivatives returned to pre-crisis growth rates. Among all the instruments of the OTC market of derivatives swaps on interest rates stand out in the volumes, which even in the crisis of2007-2008 slightly, but increased. Analysis of indicators of the global OTC market of derivatives reveals the predominance of instruments on interest rates: their share in the total world market in 2012 amounted to about 77%. If we consider the structure of the OTC market of derivatives on type contracts, in 2012 most of the contracts (66%) belonged to the swaps. As regards the structure of the world market of exchange derivatives, in 2012 the options had the largest share - 54 %, futures accounted for 46 %. Among all the exchange instruments on interest rates held 92%.
Legal Status of Diplomats: Duties, Restrictions, Prohibitions
Authors: Zanko T. A.
Published: June 2021

This article provides analysis of such elements of the legal status of diplomats as obligations, prohibitions, restrictions and responsibility. Elements of the legal status are evaluated through the lens of comparative research and include the experience of diplomatic service legal regulation in the former Soviet Union countries as well as in other foreign countries.
Historical Significance of the Spanish Neutrality in the First World War
Authors: Mednikov I. Y.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with an insufficiently studied problem, Spanish neutrality during the First World War. The author analyzes its historical significance in the international context, as well in the context of political, economical and social evolution of Spain. Spain was one of the few major European Powers that maintained its neutrality throughout the First World War. Although all Spanish governments during the conflict declared strict neutrality, it was, in actual fact, benevolent towards the Entente Powers, and by the end of hostilities Spain turned into "neutral ally" of Entente. This benevolence towards the future winners and a wide humanitarian campaign supported and headed by the King Alfonso XIII enabled Spain to improve her position in the postwar system of international relations; Spain became one of the non-permanent members of the League of Nations Council. Nevertheless the Spanish neutrality had a negative impact upon the social, political and economical evolution of Spain. The social stratification was increased, the public opinion was deeply divided and the social conflicts were aggravated, that considerably affected the further evolution of the Spanish society.
From Scientific Innovation to Popularization of Science: a Theoretical Model TOC \o "1-5" \h \z of Science Communication
Authors: Medvedeva S. M.
Published: June 2021

Science communication is process of promotion of scientific ideas from a scientist through scientific community to muss public. Now this research area attracts a lot of attention from scientists. At the same time science communication suffers from the lack of theoretical framework, which can integrate it. In this article we try to contribute to the further theoretical integration of this area. Here we discuss a model of motion and transformation of ideas from the moment of their generation to the time of their appearance in public movies and literature. The model consists of 5 elements: phase of a scientist (generation of ideas); phase of scientific community (promotion of the ideas among scientists); phase of interested groups (communication with business and government, education of future scientists); phase of popular science (promotion of ideas into mass culture); phase of fiction (subject of communication becomes not scientific knowledge, but myth about science). Each phase is conceived as equal in value stage of existence of scientific ideas. There is a consistent interaction between all phases. The ideas can flow sequentially through all five phases. But independent communication among separate stages is also possible. Furthermore, the ideas can flow in both directions from scientific community to public and visa verse. As a result, scientific communication becomes a real dialogue with equal partners.
Law Studies
Authors: Tolstopiatenko G. P.
Published: June 2021

At the origin of the International Law Department were such eminent scientists, diplomats and teachers as V.N. Durdenevsky, S.B. Krylov and F.I. Kozhevnikov. International law studies in USSR and Russia during the second half of the XX century was largely shaped by the lawyers of MGIMO. They had a large influence on the education in the international law in the whole USSR, and since 1990s in Russia and other CIS countries. The prominence of the research of MGIMO international lawyers was due to the close connections with the international practice, involving international negotiations in the United Nations and other international fora, diplomatic conferences and international scientific conferences. This experience is represented in the MGIMO handbooks on international law, which are still in demand. The Faculty of International Law at MGIMO consists of seven departments: Department of International Law, Department of Private International and Comparative Law; Department of European Law; Department of Comparative Constitutional Law; Department of Administrative and Financial Law; Department of Criminal Law, Department Criminal Procedure and Criminalistics. Many Russian lawyers famous at home and abroad work at the Faculty, contributing to domestic and international law studies. In 1947 the Academy of Sciences of the USSR published "International Law" textbook which was the first textbook on the subject in USSR. S.B. Krylov and V.N. Durdenevsky were the authors and editors of the textbook. First generations of MGIMO students studied international law according to this textbook. All subsequent books on international law, published in the USSR, were based on the approach to the teaching of international law, developed in the textbook by S.B. Krylov and V.N. Durdenevsky. The first textbook of international law with the stamp of MGIMO, edited by F.I. Kozhevnikov, was published in 1964. This textbook later went through five editions in 1966, 1972, 1981, 1987. In 1994 the International Law Department together with the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs prepared new textbook, reflecting the development of international law in the 1960-1990s. In 2000 "International Law" textbook appeared, which was prepared exceptionally by the Department of International Law at MGIMO. In 2005 "European international law" textbook was published. It became the first textbook in Russian Law studies dedicated to the international legal aspects of interstate cooperation in Europe. Quarterly magazine "Moscow Journal of International Law" has made significant contribution to the development of the MGIMO international law school. Y.M. Kolosov, who is the Honored Scientist of Russia and professor of international law, was the founder of the magazine. He has been its editor in chief up to present.
The European Union Counteraction To Israel's Settlement Policy In The Occupied Arab Territories: Myths And Realities
Authors: Krylov A. V.
Published: June 2021

More than 50 years the European Union member states (the European Economic Community up to 1993) maintain a special relations with Israel particularly in the trade sphere. Only in 2014 the export of Israeli products to Europe increased by 3%, amounting in absolute terms to a third of total exports of Israel. At the same time, the position of the EU with regard to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict is clearly contrary to the real character of the mutual economic, scientific and technical cooperation. After the failure in 2001 of the Palestinian-Israeli negotiations aimed to reach a «Final-Status Agreement» in accordance with the Oslo Accords, the European Union made several attempts to limit the European market penetration of the Israeli products originating from the occupied territories (the West Bank, Gaza Strip, East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights). However, as can be seen from the contents of the article, there is no consensus between the EU member states with regard to the Israeli settlement policy. The study argues that all the decisions made so far in the European Union to limit Israeli export or reduce crediting of programs for scientific and technical cooperation used to be of declarative or vague character.
Improving Assessment of Foreign Language Proficiency in Internationally Majoring Students
Authors: Kobiakova N. L.
Published: June 2021

The author considers the issues related to the development of the theoretical platform and the methodology for a model used to control and evaluate educational achievements at the Russian-based university-level foreign-language using such foreign practices as merit point system, testing technology and traditional controls. Having analyzed European practices of control and evaluation of students' foreign language proficiency, in particular, the experience of France, she advocates for the adoption by the national university system of the best available foreign methodology in the field. The article depicts the proprietary model for the comprehensive assessment of the educational outcomes of the internationally majoring students in the French language. The model, customized for Russian universities, is based on the professionally oriented competence-based practical course of the French language for internationally majoring students designed by the author. With the regard to that content and basing on DELF, DALF and TCF language tests and exercise systems for the French language studies by European and Russian practitioners, she advances her own testing, communication and translation exercises toolbox. That comprehensive evaluation model was successful tested at the MGIMO. In the course of that experiment, national testing techniques and the content of linguistic tests and didactic tools were streamlined with the European requirements.
Authorial presence in Sophocles’ Electra
Authors:   University of Ioannina (Greece), Gasti Helen
Published: June 2021

Authorial presence in tragedy, where the poet never speaks in his own person and where there is no master voice to guide our reception, is elusive and implicit. Despite tragedy’s polyphony the purpose of this study is to analyze some sample passages from Sophocles’ Electra for textual traces of its author’s voice as a response to Aeschylus’ Oresteia. Each part of this study is focusing on different aspects of self-reflexive poetics.
La fisiognomía femenina a través del Manifiesto de los secretos del coito de al-Shayzarī (XIII) /
Authors:   Universidad de Málaga (España), Lucena Romero Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2021

In any theocratic and monotheistic system, the female image is represented as a sexual entity, reduced to its most material and physical dimension, avoiding any intellectual or psychological peculiarity. The objective of the following article is to describe and analyze the categorization, without any modesty, of women according to their sexual aptitude and, for this, we focus on the physiognomic text bequeathed by the Syrian writer al-Shayzarī (13th century) in his compendium sexual Kitāb al-Īḍāḥ fī asrār al-nikāḥ (Elucidation of the secrets of lawful intercourse). After a brief introduction to the Arabic and Islamic concept of physiognomy, we analyze the methodology that our author follows, namely, the expressive, ethnic and zoological method, when referring to female physiognomy
Expanding Roles and Services of Academic Libraries in Achieving Sustainable Development in South Africa
Authors: Mojapelo Maredi Samuel , Modiba Mashilo T.
Published: June 2021

Education, which is addressed by Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 of the United Nations (UN), is a driving force of nations world-wide. Quality education remains a powerful tool that can be used internationally to entrench socio-economic development. SDGs are particularly significant in enabling poor and developing African countries to work towards achieving these goals by the 2030 target date. In South Africa, the goals of the National Development Plan (NDP) should also be achieved by the same date as SDGs. To achieve the SDGs and chapters of the NDP, equitable access to information is critical. Universities have a fundamental role to play in producing knowledgeable and professional PhD graduates of a high standard, who will work productively to boost weak and slow-performing economies in their respective countries. Academic libraries are mandated to support students in completing their studies. They also need to support researchers in producing impact-based research that is crucial in solving the persistent socio-economic challenges that citizens face daily. Based on the literature review, this study was aimed at highlighting the expanding roles and services that academic libraries can embark on in South Africa in achieving SDG 4 and Chapter 9 of the NDP. The key recommendation is that universities need to provide academic libraries with an increased budget to enable them to expand their roles and services to ensure that SDG 4 and Chapter 9 of the NDP are achieved.
The Success and Failure of South Africa’s Ten-Year Innovation Plan (2008) as Measured by Research Output
Authors: Skelly Lara
Published: June 2021

Investment into research is a vital key to positively impacting on society. Research policies are the instruments which prescribe the direction in which the funding flows. This article shows how South African researchers have responded to the Ten-Year Innovation Plan (TYIP) of the Department of Science and Technology (DST), particularly in light of identified areas of specialisation. It discusses the specialisation among the universities in the country. It comments on the problems with metrics relating to research output in an attempt to explain why South Africa has not shown the desired output. The activity index, which shows the relative specialisation of a country or a university, was used as the primary metric to evaluate the effectiveness of the TYIP. Publication counts were drawn from Web of Science. It was found that South Africa fell short of the goal expressed in the TYIP. In areas of specialisation, the five Grand Challenges showed varying changes: from a decrease in “global change science with a focus on climate change” to a significant increase in “human and social dynamics”. Universities in South Africa are shown to be multi-focused in their research. Drawing from the literature, this article provides five possible explanations as to why the output was not at the expected level. The use of the activity index as a tool to evaluate policy does not give a full picture of the impact of research. This article provides suggestions for future policymakers and researchers on the development of a more appropriate method of evaluating research policies.
Factors and Considerations Influencing Faculty Members’ Decision to Publish with Journals: A Nigerian University Experience
Authors: Adeyemi Ismail , Sulaiman Kabir , Temim Fatima
Published: June 2021

It has been observed that faculty members of Kwara State University (KWASU) in Malete, Nigeria, publish in journals based on some factors and considerations. These factors and considerations guide their choice of publishing in journals. The aim of this study was to show the factors and considerations influencing KWASU faculty members’ decision to publish with journals. The study adopted a descriptive survey method, with a web-survey questionnaire as data collection instrument. The population for the study was 482, of whom 192 respondents responded positively, representing 39.8% of the total population. A quantitative analysis was done of data collected, using the automatically-generated analysis from Google Forms. The hypothesis was tested using Microsoft Excel. It was found that some of the factors that influence the choice of KWASU faculty members to publish with journals, include: peer review; publication cost; open access; impact factor; and frequency of publication. It was found that more than half of the faculty members give consideration to editorial board lists of journals before sending out their manuscripts to journals. It was also found that there is a statistically significant relationship between factors and considerations for the choice of publishing in a journal. Challenges encountered by faculty members in publishing with journals include poor communication between author and editor, faculty members’ poor awareness of journals, difficulty in getting collaborators, and pressure to get an academic promotion.
Electro-mediated PhotoRedox Catalysis for Selective C(sp3)-O Cleavages of Phosphinates to Carbanions
Authors: Tian Xianhai , Karl Tobias , Reiter Sebastian , Yakubov Shahboz , Vivie-Riedle Regina de , Koenig Burkhard , Barham Joshua
Published: June 2021

We report a novel example of electro-mediated photoredox catalysis (e-PRC) in the reductive cleavage of C(sp3)-O bonds of phosphinates to alkyl carbanions. As well as deoxygenations, olefinations are reported which are E-selective and can be made Z-selective in a tandem reduction/photosensitization process where both steps are photoelectrochemically promoted. Spectroscopy, computation and catalyst structural variations reveal that our new naphthalene monoimide-type catalyst allows for a more intimate dispersive precomplexation of its radical anion form with the phosphinate substrate, facilitating a reactivity-determining C(sp3)-O cleavage. Surprisingly and in contrast to previously reported photoexcited radical anion chemistries, our conditions i) tolerate aryl chlorides/bromides and ii) do not give rise to Birch-type reductions.
A Self-Improving Photosensitizer Discovery System via Bayesian Optimization and Quantum Chemical Calculation
Authors: Xu Shidang , Li Jiali , Cai Pengfei , Liu Xiaoli , Liu Bin , Wang Xiaonan
Published: June 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) based self-learning or self-improving material discovery system is the holy grail of next-generation material discovery and materials science. Herein, we demonstrate how to combine accurate prediction of material performance via quantum chemical calculations and Bayesian optimization-based active learning to realize a self-improving discovery system for high-performance photosensitizers (PS). Through self-improving cycles, such a system can improve the model prediction accuracy (best mean average error of 0.09 eV for singlet-triplet spitting) and high-performance PS search ability, realizing the efficient discovery of PS. From a molecular space with more than 7 million molecules, 5950 potential high-performance PSs were discovered.
Production Cost and Carbon Footprint of Biomass-Derived Dimethylcyclooctane as a High Performance Jet Fuel Blendstock
Authors: Baral Nawa Raj , Yang Minliang , Harvey Benjamin G. , Simmons Blake A , Mukhopadhyay Aindrila , Lee Taek Soon , Scown Corinne
Published: June 2021

Near-term decarbonization of aviation requires energy-dense, renewable liquid fuels. Biomass- derived 1,4-dimethylcyclooctane (DMCO), a cyclic alkane with a volumetric net heat of combustion up to 9.2% higher than Jet-A, has the potential to serve as a low-carbon, high- performance jet fuel blendstock that may enable paraffinic bio-jet fuels to operate without aromatic compounds. DMCO can be produced from bio-derived isoprenol (3-methyl-3-buten-1- ol) through a multi-step upgrading process. This study presents detailed process configurations for DMCO production to estimate the minimum selling price and life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint considering three different hydrogenation catalysts and two bioconversion pathways. The platinum-based catalyst offers the lowest production cost and GHG footprint of $9.0/L-Jet-Aeq and 61.4 gCO2e/MJ, given the current state of technology. However, when the conversion process is optimized, hydrogenation with a Raney nickel catalyst is preferable, resulting in a $1.5/L-Jet-Aeq cost and 18.3 gCO2e/MJ GHG footprint if biomass sorghum is the feedstock. This price point requires dramatic improvements, including 28 metric-ton/ha sorghum yield and 95-98% of the theoretical maximum conversion of biomass-to-sugars, sugars-to-isoprenol, isoprenol-to-isoprene, and isoprene-to-DMCO. Because increased gravimetric energy density of jet fuels translates to reduced aircraft weight, DMCO also has the potential to improve aircraft efficiency, particularly on long-haul flights.
Strongly Anisotropic Thermomechanical Response to Shock Wave Loading in Oriented Samples of the Triclinic Molecular Crystal 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene (TATB)
Authors: Zhao Puhan , Kroonblawd Matthew , Mathew Nithin , Sewell Tommy
Published: June 2021

All-atom molecular dynamics simulations were used to study shock wave loading in oriented single crystals of the highly anisotropic triclinic molecular crystal 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB). The crystal structure consists of planar hydrogen-bonded sheets of individually planar TATB molecules that stack into graphitic-like layers. Shocks were studied for seven systematically prepared crystal orientations with limiting cases that correspond to shock propagation exactly perpendicular and exactly parallel to the graphitic-like layers. The simulations were performed for initially defect-free crystals using a reverse-ballistic configuration that generates explicit, supported shocks. Final longitudinal stress components are between »8.5 GPa and »10.5 GPa for the 1.0 km s-1 impact speed studied. Orientation-dependent properties are reported including shock speeds, stresses, temperatures, compression ratios, and local material strain rates. Spatio-temporal maps of the temperature, stress tensor, material flow, and molecular orientations reveal complicated processes that arise for specific shock directions. The results indicate that TATB shock response is highly sensitive to crystal orientation, with significant qualitative differences for the time evolution of the stress tensor and temperature, elastic/inelastic compression response, defect formation and growth, critical von Mises stress, and strain rates during shock rise that span nearly an order of magnitude. A variety of inelastic deformation mechanisms are identified, ranging from crumpling of graphitic-like layers to dislocation-mediated plasticity to intense shear strain localization. To our knowledge, these are the first systematic MD simulations and analysis of explicit shock wave propagation along non-trivial crystal directions in a triclinic molecular crystal.
Marie Cardinal Traduzida: A Trajetória internacional de seus escritos
Authors: Dietze Maitê
Published: June 2021

O artigo apresenta o percurso da obra da escritora francófona Marie Cardinal, a fim de analisar a difusão das traduções de seus livros. Para tanto, essa contribuição se inicia com uma breve contextualização da vida e do trabalho da autora, relatando seus aspectos centrais e discorrendo sobre os eixos discursivos componentes de seus escritos. A seguir, retrata-se o mapeamento das traduções publicadas pelo mundo, considerado como panorama quantitativo que introduz a análise internacional do estado da arte da autora. Partindo desse levantamento, a análise tradutória enfoca o caso do livro mais vendido e traduzido para o maior número de línguas: Les mots pour le dire (1975); analisa-se também a situação de Autrement dit (1977) que, embora seja uma subsequência dessa obra e, portanto, diretamente relacionada a ela, teve repercussões divergentes. Tal análise toma como objeto os paratextos (génette, 1987) das traduções para inglês e português dos livros de Cardinal.  Observando os dados presentes nos peritextos e epitextos, em nível preliminar e macroestrutural (lambert; van gorp, 1985), encontram-se informações indicativas da recepção dos livros na cultura de chegada lusófona e anglófona. Com essa pesquisa, considera-se que a obra de Cardinal constitui uma escrita particularmente maleável, podendo ser interpretada em prismas diversos; cada tradução analisada aponta, através dos paratextos, um direcionamento de leitura para o texto em questão. Supõe-se que projetos de traduções que almejem manter a maleabilidade característica da escritura da autora precisam ter em conta uma avaliação global e equilibrada dos aspectos identificados como fundamentais de seu discurso. O interesse da escritura de Cardinal para âmbitos como a crítica feminista, os estudos culturais e a psicanálise é explícito nos textos originais; pretende-se, enfim, partir desse levantamento histórico-crítico para desenvolver novos estudos, aprofundando a pesquisa sobre a contribuição de Cardinal em tais âmbitos, bem como propondo projetos de tradução inéditos e que tenham em vista esses interesses.
Tradução literária e variação linguística em One Christmas Eve, de Langston Hughes
Authors: Geaquinto PAGANINE Carolina , Moreira Fortunato Isadora
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho apresenta algumas reflexões sobre a nossa tradução do conto One Christmas Eve, de Langston Hughes (1902-1967), parte da obra The Ways of White Folks (1934). Temos como objetivo analisar a possibilidade de representação de variedades linguísticas nos sistemas literários fonte e alvo (americano e brasileiro) e explorar soluções tradutórias para tais variedades, ligadas Ã  representação de grupos de fala, compreendendo sua legitimidade, sistematicidades e entendendo que elas caracterizam os falantes no texto literário. São discutidas teorias da tradução que tratam de marcas de oralidade (BANDIA, 2015; ROSA, 2015) e de variação linguística em relação ao African American Vernacular English (AAVE) e ao português brasileiro (BAGNO, 2012; EZGETA, 2012; LABOV, 1972; LUCCHESI, 2009). Primeiramente, apresentamos o contexto de produção da obra e as questões raciais, sociais e ideológicas que este suscita. Além disso, discutimos alguns aspectos das fases literárias do autor e a influência da Harlem Renaisssance e do movimento modernista norte-americano na escrita do conto aqui apresentado e traduzido. Em seguida, examinamos as variedades linguísticas presentes no texto-fonte e alvo e os aspectos que orientaram nossas escolhas, tendo como princípio norteador marcar a alteridade no texto e evitar uma tradução que realize uma homogeneização dos modos de fala e que apague identidades veiculadas pela representação da linguagem falada no texto literário. Com isto, consideramos o ato de tradução como aquele que estabelece um texto em outra cultura a partir de uma reescrita do texto-fonte, um ato que vê a língua a partir de sua dimensão cultural e social. A partir disso, situamos a nossa prática tradutória a partir da perspectiva de que os tradutores têm um papel ativo e ativista frente Ã  homogeneização das línguas e ao apagamento de identidades de grupos marginalizados ao decidirem por recriar a pluralidade de vozes textuais, tendo em vista a tradução como um lugar privilegiado em que duas instâncias se encontram e podem ser examinadas por uma abordagem analítica e crítica.
“Sim, há uma”: tradução e performance em português de “See-line woman”, a partir de uma interpretação de Nina Simone
Authors: Alves Ferreira Mendes Luciane
Published: June 2021

“See-line Woman”, peça musical de tradição oral norte-americana, foi registrada em 1939, recolhida e reproduzida em diferentes performances orais, tais como as de Leslie Feist (2007), e Nina Simone (1964). Tomando como original a gravação constante no álbum Mississipi Goddam (1964), de Nina Simone, e evidenciando a dubiedade de som e sentido que o registro da letra ”“ tradução da oralidade ”“ pode evidenciar, abordarei alguns problemas atinentes Ã  tradução de canção para performance quando me deparo com um original que tensiona a letra da canção registrada de maneira distinta Ã s outras versões oralizadas de 1939 e de 2007.
Case series of four secondary mucormycosis infections in COVID-19 patients, the Netherlands, December 2020 to May 2021
Authors: Buil Jochem B , van Zanten Arthur R H , Bentvelsen Robbert G , Rijpstra Tom A , Goorhuis Bram , van der Voort Sanne , Wammes Linda J. , Janson Jeroen A , Melchers Max , Heusinkveld Moniek , Melchers Willem J G , Kuijper Ed J , Verweij Paul E
Published: June 2021

We describe four secondary fungal infections caused by Mucorales species in COVID-19 patients. Three COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM) occurred in ICU, one outside ICU. All were men aged > 50 years, three died. Clinical presentations included pulmonary, rhino-orbital cerebral and disseminated infection. Infections occurred in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. CAM is an emerging disease and our observations underscore the need to be aware of invasive mucormycosis, including in COVID-19 patients without (poorly controlled) diabetes mellitus and outside ICU.
ELECTIVITY AS A GUIDING PRINCIPLE OF ADULT EDUCATION
Authors: Khoruzha L.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to analyse the content, features and identify the ways of effective implementation of the principle of electiveness into practice of adult education. The author analyses the main areas of implementation of such a choice by an adult: goals, content, forms and methods, information sources, resources, place, terms of study, etc. The paper examines one of the most important principles of modern adult education — electivity. As a rule, adults have educational experience, as well as working one. Their requests are more specific and pragmatic, hence, the implementation of the electivity principle in the organisation of adult education can ensure its success. The paper attempts to interpret it scientifically as an individual information request of a person, its choice of various possibilities for this principle implementation in the conditions of lifelong learning. The features of such a choice, the motives that underlie it, are characterised. It is concluded that the success of a person’s implementation of the electivity principle in learning depends, first of all, on the choice freedom of various components of the educational process. It concerns objectives, content, forms and methods, information sources and resources, place of studying, terms of studying, tools for assessing educational outcomes. The author concludes that electiveness as a guiding principle of modern education should find its understanding and study by scientists, identify ways of practical implementation, due to the need for rapid adaptation of citizens to the constant changes in society and economy. Thus, the expansion of human learning opportunities is a positive aspect not only of lifelong learning, but also of socio-economic development of society. These opportunities for human implementation of the principle of electiveness in education relate to the goals, content, forms and methods, information sources and resources, place of study, timing of educational activities, tools for evaluating results. The introduction of the principle of electiveness in adult education corresponds to modern educational trends: individualization, freedom of choice, variability, constant self-improvement of the individual.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SECURITY FORMULA AS A CONCEPTUAL BASIS FOR FORMATION OF SAFE BEHAVIOR SKILLS
Authors: Tsiuman T. , Nahula O.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to conduct theoretical analysis of the psychological safety formula and its components based on the basic mechanisms of the human psyche.

Tasks of the article:

to carry out a theoretical analysis of the problem of personal safety in national and foreign studies;
to define the meaning of “safety”, “physical comfort”, “psychological comfort”, “social comfort”, “safety culture”, “risk analysis” in the socio-psychological dimension;
to develop a psychological formula of safety aimed at ormation of skills of safe behavior of the individual. The scientific innovativeness and theoretical significance of the conducted study is in the fact that development of a conceptual basis for the formation of safe behavior skills of the individual is based on awareness and reflection of issues that meet the basic need for It is established that individual safety is an inner experience of safety sense, which reflects the degree of comfortable existence and absence of external threats. The main role in the formation of safe behavior skills of the individual is played by regulatory mechanisms related to various psychological areas, including activities, mental states, personal qualities and characteristics, as well as external conditions. Thus, the formation of safe behavior skills of the individual is a process of meaningful and reflective use of knowledge, skills and cultural experience in the field of personal and social safety.
The result of the theoretical analysis of the problem of personal safety was a scientific base of the main structural elements of the psychological formula of safety. It is determined that the psychological formula of safety is a functional structure of personal safety, which is universal in relation to its content, which combines the results of mastering sustainable social traditions of protection (safety culture) and a set of favorable environmental conditions when physical, mental and social functions are in a state of less stress, and the person himself feels satisfaction (physical, psychological and social comfort), determined by the ability to explore and study life- threatening situations, their vulnerability to risky situations (risk analysis). One of the promising areas of research of this problem is development of algorithm of universal psychoprophylactic programs for formation of safe behavior skills of the individual.
REALIZATION OF SUBJECT-SUBJECT INTERACTION IN CONDITIONS OF DISTANCE LEARNING OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES BY MEANS OF ICT
Authors: Vaskivska H. , Skyba H.
Published: June 2021

The article examines innovative aspects of distance learning of a foreign language using ICT in current epidemiological realities. The authors have analysed advantages of the introduction of ICT in distance learning of foreign languages as an effective technical visual and auditory tool and a mean of educational and cognitive activity of students, which helps to increase the motivation and desire of students to learn a foreign language. Means of increasing interactive and communicative activity in the process of learning foreign languages have been researched. The use of ICT in the educational process (foreign language teaching) makes it possible to bring

something new to the usual forms of work of a teacher of higher education institution and a teacher of general secondary education, which contributes to discovering more interesting, more comprehensive and more complete innovative potential of distance learning. In this context, the use of ICT contributes to a clearer presentation of even complex learning material and thus allows to reduce learning time for successful mastering of topics.

With the implementation of ICT (Zoom, Skype, Teams, etc.) in the process of distance learning of a foreign language, you can not only create an artificial foreign language environment, but also bring it closer to the natural, through the organization of communication with native speakers.

Thanks to ICT in the process of distance learning it is possible to solve problems of learning foreign languages in cooperation, as well as individualization and differentiation of learning considering various factors: level of foreign language proficiency, speed of learning, time limits, learning style, personal educational needs and learning pathways etc.
Chemometric Approaches in Questioned Documents
Authors: Gorziza Roberta , González Marina , de Carvalho Carina , Ortiz Rafael , Ferrão Marco , Limberger Renata
Published: June 2021

Questioned documents comprehend analysis of identity theft, forged signatures or texts, documents alterations and falsification of security documents or banknotes. Questions involving inks or paper require chemical analysis, and multivariate analysis or chemometrics has been an emerging tool for data evaluation and interpretation after instrumental data collection in this area. The goal of this study is to identify previous articles that applied multivariate analysis within questioned documents for forensic purposes. The search for articles was performed in four databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pubmed and Scopus). Sixty studies, published in the last ten years, were selected. Thirty-four articles described pen inks analysis; fourteen articles comprehended printed documents studies; eight articles evaluated paper analysis, and four articles included banknotes analysis. Spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, chromatography, thermo gravimetric analysis and multivariate image analysis were the analytical methods applied to collect chemical data. Chemometrics methods included mainly unsupervised pattern recognition techniques, regression methods, and supervised pattern recognition techniques, amongst other methods. This review summarized and discussed multivariate analysis techniques applied in different questioned documents sub-areas, highlighting the importance of this knowledge for forensic analysts. In addition, it shows new research topics such as different printing and pen inks, papers and security documents analysis herein not included.
Спеціалізований програмний калькулятор для моделювання значень неперервних випадкових величин засобами ЕXCEL
Authors: Гадецька С.В. , Дубницький В.Ю. , Ходирєв О.І.
Published: June 2021

Запропоновано спеціалізований програмний калькулятор, який надає можливість генерувати засобами ЕXCEL псевдовипадкові числа, розподілені згідно з розподілом Лапласа, розподілом Коші, розподілом найменшого значення, розподілом найбільшого значення, логістичним розподілом, розподілом Чампернауна, подвійним експоненційним розподілом, експоненційним розподілом, розподілом Ерланга порядку m, нормованим розподілом Ерланга порядку m, узагальненим розподілом Ерланга другого порядку, розподілом Вейбулла, зсуненим розподілом Вейбулла, гіперекспоненційним розподілом другого порядку, розподілом модулю n-вимірного випадкового вектору, розподілом Релея, розподілом Релея-Райса, розподілом Максвела, логарифмічно нормальним розподілом, розподілом Парето, розподілом модулю нормально розподіленої випадкової величини, параболічним розподілом, лівобічним зрізаним нормальним розподілом, правобічним зрізаним нормальним розподілом, двобічним зрізаним нормальним розподілом, розподілом арксинусу, розподілом Симпсона (трикутним розподілом), розподілом Бірнбаума-Сандерса, степеневим розподілом, c2-розподілом Пірсона, c-розподілом Пірсона, t-розподілом Стьюдента, F-розподілом Фішера-Снедекора, Z-розподілом Фішера. Наведено основні відомості про структуру спеціалізованого програмного калькулятора. Вказані законі розподілу включено до переліку рекомендованих Міжнародною Спілкою Електрозв’язку для використання в процесі моделювання розповсюдження радіохвиль (документ МСЭ-R P.1057-5 (12/2017).Запропоновано спеціалізований програмний калькулятор для отримання значень функції нормального розподілу для різних форм її подання. Калькулятор реалізовано в середовищі Excel.
Development of protecting a software product mathematical model from unlicensed copying based on the GERT method
Authors: Семенов С.Г. , Ліцзян Чжан , Вейлінь Цао , Давидов В.В.
Published: June 2021

The subject of the research is methods and algorithms for developing the GERT networks that provide a hidden transition along the branches of the control logic graph and the ability to encode digital watermarks in the context of existing threats to the licensing security of software systems. The aim of the work is to develop a system of a software product licensed security based on hidden transition algorithms in GERT networks that carry the properties of digital watermarks. The article solves the following goal: development of a model of a software licensed security system based on the developed algorithms using GERT networks. Methods of mathematical modeling, numerical experiment, complexity theory and cryptography are used. The following results were obtained: on the basis of the analysis of existing models for ensuring software licensed security, the main requirements for the algorithms synthesized within the framework of the developed model, as well as for the machine implementation of the algorithm, were identified. Based on the investigation of existing watermark systems, methods of attack on them, as well as the requirements put forward for the developed model, a licensing security algorithm was formed based on the watermark system. Conclusions: for the first time, algorithms for safe transition in GERT-networks were developed, which are used as a graph of the control logic of a software product. This logic is implemented depending on the identification or serial number; a model of a licensed security system has been developed, which has not only empirical, but also theoretical substantiation of resistance to attacks by an intruder.
Аналіз функціонування Державної прикордонної служби України
Authors: Братко А.В.
Published: June 2021

У науковій статті проведено аналіз основних нормативно-правових документів, які визначають загрози національній безпеці, загрози у сфері прикордонної безпеки, функції та завдання для Збройних Сил України та інших складових сектору безпеки і оборони, зокрема Державній прикордонній службі України. Необхідність зміни до оборонного планування відповідно до процедур та стандартів НАТО. У зв’язку із фундаментальними національними інтересами визначено повний спектр загроз у сфері безпеки державного кордону. Зі зміною загроз, концептуально змінюються функції та завдання Державної прикордонної служби України, а також механізм участі суб’єктів в реагуванні на загрози та кризові ситуації в системі інтегрованого управління кордонами під час виконання завдань за призначенням, що вимагає розробки нового методологічного забезпечення.
Gene therapy may target APOE for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Alzheimer's disease is America's most costly, costing $305 billion annually. The few approved medicines give modest clinical alleviation without effectively slowing disease progression. Exploring many experimental treatments. The major amyloid-based strategies were to improve clearance using antibodies (passive or active immunization) or to restrict the production of A by blocking-secretase (the N-terminus-generating enzyme) Each of these techniques proved technically challenging and clinical investigations were limited by the inability to detect AD ante mortem favorably and changing, subjective, clinical goals. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has encouraged Aducanumab to apply to the FDA for amylidoid-related plaques in Alzheimer's patients.The objective is to detect early patients, increase dose, and fine-tune pharmacological properties to better therapy. The lone exception is Biogen's aducanumab, which binds aggregated A and, given early in the course of Alzheimer's disease in sufficient amounts, clears amyloids and may provide some cognitive protection. Aducanumab and other amyloid therapies must be shown to be safe and cost-effective before being extensively utilized in at-risk groups. An individual with the Paisa presenilin-1 mutation exhibits this mechanistic approach. This woman has substantial amyloid deposition in her fifties, yet is essentially symptom-free. She is homozygous with the APOE gene R163S Christchurch polymorphism (APOE3ch). APOE is a lipoprotein found in HDL-like particles in the brain.
Implikasi Bagi Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah Di Jawa Timur Selama Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Salim Agus
Published: June 2021

Pandemi COVID-19 yang terjadi saat ini mau tidak mau memberikan dampak terhadap berbagai sektor. Pada tataran ekonomi global, pandemi COVID-19 memberikan dampak yang sangat signifikan pada perekonomian domestik negara dan keberadaan UMKM. Pandemi ini berimplikasi terhadap ancaman krisis ekonomi besar yang ditandai dengan terhentinya aktivitas produksi di banyak negara, jatuhnya tingkat konsumsi masyarakat, hilangnya kepercayaan konsumen, jatuhnya bursa saham yang pada akhirnya mengarah kepada ketidakpastian.
From storytelling to Facebook. Content biases when retelling or sharing a story
Authors: Acerbi Alberto
Published: June 2021

Cultural evolution researchers use transmission chain experiments to investigate which content is more likely to survive when transmitted from one individual to another. These experiments resemble oral storytelling, where individuals need to understand, memorise, and reproduce the content. However, prominent contemporary forms of cultural transmission—think an online sharing— only involve the willingness to transmit the content. Here I present two fully preregistered online experiments that explicitly investigated the differences between these two modalities of transmission. The first experiment (N=1080) examined whether negative content, information eliciting disgust, and threat-related information were better transmitted than their neutral counterpart in a traditional transmission chain set-up. The second experiment (N=1200), used the same material, but participants were asked whether they would share or not the content in two conditions: in a large anonymous social network, or with their friends, in their favourite social network. Negative content was both better transmitted in transmission chain experiments and shared more than its neutral counterpart. Threat-related information was successful in transmission chain experiments but not when sharing, and, finally, information eliciting disgust was not advantaged in either. Overall, the results present a composite picture, suggesting that the interactions between the specific content and the medium of transmission are important and, possibly, that content biases are stronger when memorisation and reproduction are involved in the transmission—like in oral transmission—than when they are not—like in online sharing.