bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extent of Spin Contamination Errors in DFT/Plane-wave Calculation of Surfaces: A Case of Au Atom Aggregation on a MgO Surface
Authors: Tada Kohei , Maruyama Tomohiro , Koga Hiroaki , Okumura Mitsutaka , Tanaka Shingo
Published: January 2019

The aggregation of Au atoms onto a Au dimer (Au2) on a MgO (001) surface was calculated by restricted (spin-un-polarized) and unrestricted (spin-polarized) density functional theory calculations with a plane-wave basis and the approximate spin projection (AP) method. The unrestricted calculations included spin contamination errors of 0.0–0.1 eV, and the errors were removed using the AP method. The potential energy curves for the aggregation reaction estimated by the restricted and unrestricted calculations were different owing to the estimation of the open-shell structure by the unrestricted calculations. These results show the importance of the open-shell structure and correction of the spin contamination error for the calculation of small-cluster-aggregations and molecule dimerization on surfaces.
Dynamically Tunable Resonant Strength in Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) Analogue by Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metamaterials
Authors: Lao Chaode , Liang Yaoyao , Wang Xianjun , Fan Haihua , Wang Faqiang , Meng Hongyun , Guo Jianping , Liu Hongzhan , Wei Zhongchao
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a novel method to realize a dynamically tunable analogue of EIT for the resonance strength rather than the resonance frequency is proposed in the terahertz spectrum. The introduced method is composed of a metal EIT-like structure, in which a distinct EIT phenomenon resulting from the near field coupling between bright and dark mode resonators can be obtained, as well as an integrated monolayer graphene ribbon under the dark mode resonator that can continuously adjust the resonance strength of transparency peak by changing the Fermi level of the graphene. Comparing structures that need to be modulated individually for each unit cell of the metamaterials, the proposed modulation mechanism was convenient for achieving synchronous operations for all unit cells. This work demonstrates a new platform of modulating the EIT analogue and paves the way to design terahertz functional devices which meet the needs of optical networks and terahertz communications.
Highly Controllable Synthesis and DFT Calculations of Double/Triple-Halide CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) Perovskite Quantum Dots: Application to Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lao Xinyue , Li Xiyu , Ågren Hans , Chen Guanying
Published: January 2019

Although all-inorganic CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have evoked exciting new opportunities for optoelectronic applications due to their remarkable optical properties, their emission color tunability has not been investigated to any appreciable extent. In this work, double/triple CsPbX3 perovskite quantum dots with precise ratios of Cl/Br or Br/I are synthesized and their luminescence (410–700 nm) is explored. A group of down-converted CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diode (LED) devices were constructed to demonstrate the potential use of such double/triple-halide CsPbX3 perovskite quantum dots with full-spectrum luminescence. Based on density functional theory, we theoretically explored the properties of CsPbX3 with double/triple anion atoms. The calculated band gaps provided strong support that the full-spectrum luminescence (410–700 nm) of double/triple CsPbX3 can be realized with the change of the mixed-halide ratios, and hence that such PQDs are of potential use in optoelectronic devices.
Copper–Silver Bimetallic Nanowire Arrays for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Wang Yuanxing , Niu Cailing , Zhu Yachuan
Published: January 2019

The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into gaseous or liquid fuels has the potential to store renewable energies and reduce carbon emissions. Here, we report a three-step synthesis using Cu–Ag bimetallic nanowire arrays as catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2. CuO/Cu2O nanowires were first grown by thermal oxidation of copper mesh in ambient air and then reduced by annealing in the presence of hydrogen to form Cu nanowires. Cu–Ag bimetallic nanowires were then produced via galvanic replacement between Cu nanowires and the Ag+ precursor. The Cu–Ag nanowires showed enhanced catalytic performance over Cu nanowires for electrochemical reduction of CO2, which could be ascribed to the incorporation of Ag into Cu nanowires leading to suppression of hydrogen evolution. Our work provides a method for tuning the selectivity of copper nanocatalysts for CO2 reduction by controlling their composition.
A Genetic Score of Predisposition to Low-Grade Inflammation Associated with Obesity May Contribute to Discern Population at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Galmés Sebastià , Cifre Margalida , Palou Andreu , Oliver Paula , Serra Francisca
Published: January 2019

Omega-3 rich diets have been shown to improve inflammatory status. However, in an ex vivo system of human blood cells, the efficacy of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) modulating lipid metabolism and cytokine response is attenuated in overweight subjects and shows high inter-individual variability. This suggests that obesity may be exerting a synergistic effect with genetic background disturbing the anti-inflammatory potential of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In the present work, a genetic score aiming to explore the risk associated to low grade inflammation and obesity (LGI-Ob) has been elaborated and assessed as a tool to contribute to discern population at risk for metabolic syndrome. Pro-inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production as a response to omega-3 were associated with LGI-Ob score; and lower anti-inflammatory effect of PUFA was observed in subjects with a high genetic score. Furthermore, overweight/obese individuals showed positive correlation of both plasma C-Reactive Protein and triglyceride/HDLc-index with LGI-Ob; and high LGI-Ob score was associated with greater hypertension (p = 0.047), Type 2 diabetes (p = 0.026), and metabolic risk (p = 0.021). The study shows that genetic variation can influence inflammation and omega-3 response, and that the LGI-Ob score could be a useful tool to classify subjects at inflammatory risk and more prone to suffer metabolic syndrome and associated metabolic disturbances.
Impact of Climate Change on Crops Adaptation and Strategies to Tackle Its Outcome: A Review
Authors: Raza Ali , Razzaq Ali , Mehmood Sundas Saher , Zou Xiling , Zhang Xuekun , Lv Yan , Xu Jinsong
Published: January 2019

Agriculture and climate change are internally correlated with each other in various aspects, as climate change is the main cause of biotic and abiotic stresses, which have adverse effects on the agriculture of a region. The land and its agriculture are being affected by climate changes in different ways, e.g., variations in annual rainfall, average temperature, heat waves, modifications in weeds, pests or microbes, global change of atmospheric CO2 or ozone level, and fluctuations in sea level. The threat of varying global climate has greatly driven the attention of scientists, as these variations are imparting negative impact on global crop production and compromising food security worldwide. According to some predicted reports, agriculture is considered the most endangered activity adversely affected by climate changes. To date, food security and ecosystem resilience are the most concerning subjects worldwide. Climate-smart agriculture is the only way to lower the negative impact of climate variations on crop adaptation, before it might affect global crop production drastically. In this review paper, we summarize the causes of climate change, stresses produced due to climate change, impacts on crops, modern breeding technologies, and biotechnological strategies to cope with climate change, in order to develop climate resilient crops. Revolutions in genetic engineering techniques can also aid in overcoming food security issues against extreme environmental conditions, by producing transgenic plants.
Toxicological Assessment of Cross-Linked Beads of Chitosan-Alginate and Aspergillus australensis Biomass, with Efficiency as Biosorbent for Copper Removal
Authors: Contreras-Cortés Ana Gabriela , Almendariz-Tapia Francisco Javier , Gómez-Álvarez Agustín , Burgos-Hernández Armando , Luque-Alcaraz Ana Guadalupe , Rodríguez-Félix Francisco , Quevedo-López Manuel Ángel , Plascencia-Jatomea Maribel
Published: January 2019

Sorbent materials of biological origin are considered as an alternative to the use of traditional methods in order to remove heavy metals. Interest in using these materials has increased over the past years due to their low cost and friendliness to the environment. The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize cross-linked beads made of chitosan, alginate, and mycelium of a copper-tolerant strain of Aspergillus australensis. The acute toxicity of the biocomposite beads was assessed using brine shrimp Artemia salina nauplii and the phytotoxicity was determined using lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and chili pepper ’Anaheim’ (Capsicum annuum) seeds. The biosorption capacity for copper removal in simulated wastewater was also evaluated. Results showed that the biosorbent obtained had a maximal adsorption of 26.1 mg of Cu2+ per g of biocomposite, and removal efficiency was around 79%. The toxicity of simulated residual water after treatment with the biocomposite showed low toxicity toward seeds, which was highly dependent on the residual copper concentration. The toxicity of the biocomposite beads to A. salina was considered medium depending on the amount of the biocomposite, which was attributed to low pH. Biocomposite shows promise as biosorbent for the removal process of heavy metals.
A Palatal Speech Bulb—A Case Study
Authors: Hardwick Constance , Puryer James
Published: January 2019

Palatal defects of the oral cavity can be either congenital or acquired following trauma or surgical excision of malignant disease. Palatal defects can greatly affect function and subsequent quality of life. Rehabilitation using a removable obturator can be a preferable treatment option as it allows regular review post-surgery. This case study reports on the design and construction of a removable “speech bulb” obturator. A 50-year-old female patient presented complaining of nasal regurgitation and looseness of her current palatal obturator. She had previously undergone wide surgical excision of her soft palate under general anaesthesia due to adenoid cystic carcinoma. Treatment consisted of the provision of a new removable obturator, paying careful attention to the design of the “speech bulb” itself. The design of the “speech bulb” is crucial to optimise function, and the method of prosthesis fabrication is fully described. This case highlights the impact of obturator fit on a patient’s quality of life and will be of benefit to clinicians from many disciplines including dentists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, Ear, Nose & Throat (ENT) surgeons and speech and language therapists.
Simplified Evaluation of Cotton Water Stress Using High Resolution Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Thermal Imagery
Authors: Bian Jiang , Zhang Zhitao , Chen Junying , Chen Haiying , Cui Chenfeng , Li Xianwen , Chen Shuobo , Fu Qiuping
Published: January 2019

Irrigation water management and real-time monitoring of crop water stress status can enhance agricultural water use efficiency, crop yield, and crop quality. The aim of this study was to simplify the calculation of the crop water stress index (CWSI) and improve its diagnostic accuracy. Simplified CWSI (CWSIsi) was used to diagnose water stress for cotton that has received four different irrigation treatments (no stress, mild stress, moderate stress, and severe stress) at the flowering and boll stage. High resolution thermal infrared and multispectral images were taken using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle remote sensing platform at midday (local time 13:00), and stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (tr), and cotton root zone soil volumetric water content (θ) were concurrently measured. The soil background pixels of thermal images were eliminated using the Canny edge detection to obtain a unimodal histogram of pure canopy temperatures. Then the wet reference temperature (Twet), dry reference temperature (Tdry), and mean canopy temperature (Tl) were obtained from the canopy temperature histogram to calculate CWSIsi. The other two methods of CWSI evaluation were empirical CWSI (CWSIe), in which the temperature parameters were determined by measuring natural reference cotton leaves, and statistical CWSI (CWSIs), in which Twet was the mean of the lowest 5% of canopy temperatures and Tdry was the air temperature (Tair) + 5 °C. Compared with CWSIe, CWSIs and spectral indices (NDVI, TCARI, OSAVI, TCARI/OSAVI), CWSIsi has higher correlation with gs (R2 = 0.660) and tr (R2 = 0.592). The correlation coefficient (R) for θ (0–45 cm) and CWSIsi is also high (0.812). The plotted high-resolution map of CWSIsi shows the different distribution of cotton water stress in different irrigation treatments. These findings demonstrate that CWSIsi, which only requires parameters from a canopy temperature histogram, may potentially be applied to precision irrigation management.
Assimilating Remote Sensing Phenological Information into the WOFOST Model for Rice Growth Simulation
Authors: Zhou Gaoxiang , Liu Xiangnan , Liu Ming
Published: January 2019

Precise simulation of crop growth is crucial to yield estimation, agricultural field management, and climate change. Although assimilation of crop model and remote sensing data has been applied in crop growth simulation, few studies have considered optimizing the crop model with respect to phenology. In this study, we assimilated phenological information obtained from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) time series data into the World Food Study (WOFOST) model to improve the accuracy of rice growth simulation at the regional scale. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was implemented to optimize the initial phenology development stage (IDVS) and transplanting date (TD) in the WOFOST model by minimizing the difference between simulated and observed phenology, including heading and maturity date. Assimilating phenology improved the accuracy of the rice growth simulation, with correlation coefficients (R) equal to 0.793, 0822, and 0.813 at three fieldwork dates. The performance of the proposed strategy is comparable with that of the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) time series assimilation strategy, with less computation time. Additionally, the result confirms that the proposed strategy could be applied with different spatial resolution images and the difference of simulated LAImean is less than 0.35 in three experimental areas. This study offers a novel assimilation strategy with regard to the phenology development process, which is efficient and scalable for crop growth simulation.
A Framework for Evaluating Land Use and Land Cover Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Carranza-García Manuel , García-Gutiérrez Jorge , Riquelme José C.
Published: January 2019

Analyzing land use and land cover (LULC) using remote sensing (RS) imagery is essential for many environmental and social applications. The increase in availability of RS data has led to the development of new techniques for digital pattern classification. Very recently, deep learning (DL) models have emerged as a powerful solution to approach many machine learning (ML) problems. In particular, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are currently the state of the art for many image classification tasks. While there exist several promising proposals on the application of CNNs to LULC classification, the validation framework proposed for the comparison of different methods could be improved with the use of a standard validation procedure for ML based on cross-validation and its subsequent statistical analysis. In this paper, we propose a general CNN, with a fixed architecture and parametrization, to achieve high accuracy on LULC classification over RS data from different sources such as radar and hyperspectral. We also present a methodology to perform a rigorous experimental comparison between our proposed DL method and other ML algorithms such as support vector machines, random forests, and k-nearest-neighbors. The analysis carried out demonstrates that the CNN outperforms the rest of techniques, achieving a high level of performance for all the datasets studied, regardless of their different characteristics.
Novel Test Fixture for Characterizing MEMS Switch Microcontact Reliability and Performance
Authors: Mahanta Protap , Anwar Farhana , Coutu Ronald A.
Published: January 2019

In microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switches, the microcontact is crucial in determining reliability and performance. In the past, actual MEMS devices and atomic force microscopes (AFM)/scanning probe microscopes (SPM)/nanoindentation-based test fixtures have been used to collect relevant microcontact data. In this work, we designed a unique microcontact support structure for improved post-mortem analysis. The effects of contact closure timing on various switching conditions (e.g., cold-switching and hot-switching) was investigated with respect to the test signal. Mechanical contact closing time was found to be approximately 1 us for the contact force ranging from 10–900 μN. On the other hand, for the 1 V and 10 mA circuit condition, electrical contact closing time was about 0.2 ms. The test fixture will be used to characterize contact resistance and force performance and reliability associated with wide range of contact materials and geometries that will facilitate reliable, robust microswitch designs for future direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF) applications.
Visual Calibration for Multiview Laser Doppler Speed Sensing
Authors: Hu Yunpu , Miyashita Leo , Watanabe Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Masatoshi
Published: January 2019

We present a novel calibration method for a multi-view laser Doppler speed sensing (MLDSS) system. In contrast with the traditional method where only the laser geometry is independently calibrated, the proposed method simultaneously optimizes all the laser parameters and directly associates the parameters with a motion sensing model. By jointly considering the consistency among laser Doppler velocimetry, the laser geometry and a visual marker tracking system, the proposed calibration method further boosts the accuracy of MLDSS. We analyzed the factors influencing the precision, and quantitatively evaluated the efficiency of the proposed method on several data sets.
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Enhancing Substrates for PNA-Based Amperometric Genosensors
Authors: Fortunati Simone , Rozzi Andrea , Curti Federica , Giannetto Marco , Corradini Roberto , Careri Maria
Published: January 2019

A new amperometric sandwich-format genosensor has been implemented on single-walled carbon nanotubes screen printed electrodes (SWCNT-SPEs) and compared in terms of performance with analogous genoassays developed using the same methodology on non-nanostructured glassy carbon platforms (GC-SPE). The working principle of the genosensors is based on the covalent immobilization of Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) capture probes (CP) on the electrode surface, carried out through the carboxylic functions present on SWCNT-SPEs (carboxylated SWCNT) or electrochemically induced on GC-SPEs. The sequence of the CP was complementary to a 20-mer portion of the target DNA; a second biotin-tagged PNA signalling probe (SP), with sequence complementary to a different contiguous portion of the target DNA, was used to obtain a sandwich hybrid with an Alkaline Phosphatase-streptavidin conjugate (ALP-Strp). Comparison of the responses obtained from the SWCNT-SPEs with those produced from the non-nanostructured substrates evidenced the remarkable enhancement effect given by the nanostructured electrode platforms, achieved both in terms of loading capability of PNA probes and amplification of the electron transfer phenomena exploited for the signal transduction, giving rise to more than four-fold higher sensitivity when using SWCNT-SPEs. The nanostructured substrate allowed to reach limit of detection (LOD) of 71 pM and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 256 pM, while the corresponding values obtained with GC-SPEs were 430 pM and 1.43 nM, respectively.
Social Capital and Adoption of Alternative Conservation Agricultural Practices in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Olawuyi Seyi , Mushunje Abbyssinia
Published: January 2019

The major concern of most African countries, including Nigeria, in recent times is how to increase food production because of food insecurity issues, which by extension, is a major contributing factor to the prevalence of poverty. Therefore, adoption of conservation agricultural practices is regarded as a pathway to drive the achievement of food and nutrition security, as well as the needed optimal performance in the agri-food sector. Reportedly, scaling up of the limited adoption of these practices could be facilitated through kinship ties, peer influence, and social networks that govern mutual interactions among individuals; therefore, this motivated the study. Using cross-sectional data obtained from 350 sample units selected from South-Western Nigeria through a multistage sampling technique, this study applied descriptive statistical tools and cross-tabulation techniques to profile the sampled subjects while count outcome models were used to investigate the factors driving counts of conservative agriculture (CA) adoption. Similarly, a marginal treatment effects (MTEs) model (parametric approach) using local IV estimator was applied to examine the effects of CA adoption on the outcome (log of farmers’ farm income). Additionally, appropriate measures of fit tests statistics were used to test the reliabilities of the fitted models. Findings revealed that farmers’ years of farming experience (p < 0.1), frequency of extension visits (p < 0.05), and social capital viz-a-viz density of social group memberships (p < 0.05) significantly determined the count of CA practices adopted with varying degrees by smallholder farmers. Although, social capital expressed in terms of membership of occupational group and diversity of social group members also had a positive influence on the count of CA practices adopted but not significant owing largely to the “information gaps” about agricultural technologies in the study area. However, the statistical tests of the MTEs indicated that the treatment effects differed significantly across the covariates and it also varied significantly with unobserved heterogeneity. The policy relevant treatment effect estimates also revealed that different policy scenarios could increase or decrease CA adoption, depending on which individuals it induces to attract the expected spread and exposure.
Government and Intermediary Business Engagement for Controlling Electronic Waste in Indonesia: A Sustainable Reverse Logistics Theory through Customer Value Chain Analysis
Authors: Maheswari Hesti , Yudoko Gatot , Adhiutama Akbar
Published: January 2019

Environmental pollution caused by the improper processing of electronic waste, especially from mobile phones, has increased drastically. Governments in developing countries, including Indonesia, have not been ready to face this problem. Informal groups are reacting very fast, growing and spreading evenly in many places to profit through reverse logistics activities. They dominate the markets of used electronic products. Today, eradicating these groups is impossible due to poverty, low education, and unemployment problems. Competing with them is also useless. Therefore, this research aims to find an engagement model between government and intermediary businesses, both formal and informal, for a sustainable purpose. Before determining the model, we must understand the intermediary businesses’ expectations. Therefore, we interviewed eight respondents that represent each business group and used customer value chain analysis to map them. We found forty-one expectations. Seven are the most common but are difficult to realize since they contradict government regulations. To cope with the urgency of the current situation, we concluded that the government should engage directly with the needs of these businesses, and we recommend three models of engagement i.e., empowerment, collaboration, and involvement.
Genomic Characterization of Orf Virus Strain D1701-V (Parapoxvirus) and Development of Novel Sites for Multiple Transgene Expression
Authors: Rziha Hanns-Joachim , Büttner Mathias , Müller Melanie , Salomon Ferdinand , Reguzova Alena , Laible Dominic , Amann Ralf
Published: January 2019

The Orf virus (ORFV; Parapoxvirus) strain D1701 with an attenuated phenotype and excellent immunogenic capacity is successfully used for the generation of recombinant vaccines against different viral infections. Adaption for growth in Vero cells was accompanied by additional major genomic changes resulting in ORFV strain variant D1701-V. In this study, restriction enzyme mapping, blot hybridization and DNA sequencing of the deleted region s (A, AT and D) in comparison to the predecessor strain D1701-B revealed the loss of 7 open reading frames (ORF008, ORF101, ORF102, ORF114, ORF115, ORF116, ORF117). The suitability of deletion site D for expression of foreign genes is demonstrated using novel synthetic early promoter eP1 and eP2. Comparison of promoter strength showed that the original vegf-e promoter Pv as well as promoter eP2 display an up to 11-fold stronger expression than promoter eP1, irrespective of the insertion site. Successful integration and expression of the fluorescent marker genes is demonstrated by gene- and insertion-site specific PCR assays, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. For the first time ORFV recombinants are generated simultaneously expressing transgenes in two different insertion loci. That allows production of polyvalent vaccines containing several antigens against one or different pathogens in a single vectored ORFV vaccine.
Brine Recycling from Industrial Textile Wastewater Treated by Ozone. By-Products Accumulation. Part 2: Scaling-Up
Authors: Bilińska Lucyna , Blus Kazimierz , Gmurek Marta , Żyłła Renata , Ledakowicz Stanisław
Published: January 2019

Extremely high volumes of salty wastewater are produced by textile manufacturers daily. Therefore, brine recycling from the wastewater should be regarded as a crucial issue within the textile industry. Ozonation was used in this two-part study as a purification method for industrial textile wastewater polluted by low-molecular-weight salts (LMWS). Part 1 revealed the accumulation of ozonation by-products in a multi-recycling system. The objective of Part 2 was the scaling-up of the process and the investigation of the occurrence of by-products. It was found that ozonation works well in an alkaline reaction medium, which was characteristic of the wastewater from a dye house; an almost complete color removal was achieved within 30 min of treatment. The brine that was produced from the wastewater treated by ozonation in a 20 L bubble column reactor was recycled successfully. Dyeing of cotton with five types of reactive dyes in various shades resulted in very good values of DECMC, which is the normative color matching parameter, and were between 0.15 and 1.2. The color fastness obtained for upcycled fabrics were satisfactory, and not worse than standard values. Although accumulation of the side products was detected in Part 1, the fabric discharges produced in the scaled-up process were free from carcinogenic amines and heavy metals. The study indicated that ozonation can be applied in the industry as a method for textile wastewater recycling.
Investigation of Flow, Erosion, and Sedimentation Pattern around Varied Groynes under Different Hydraulic and Geometric Conditions: A Numerical Study
Authors: Choufu Liang , Abbasi Saeed , Pourshahbaz Hanif , Taghvaei Poorya , Tfwala Samkele
Published: January 2019

Groynes are popular hydraulic structures often used to control the erosion of banks by altering flow and sediment transport. In this paper, the effects of altering groyne orientation and spatial setup (from large to small and vice versa) on flow patterns, bed erosion, and sedimentation are numerically investigated. Studied groynes were parallel to each other, non-submerged, and impermeable. Numerical simulations were conducted in FLOW-3D. A nested mesh configuration combined with Van-Rijn formula on sediment transport yielded more accurate results when comparing numerical results to experiments. Groynes arranged from large to small at an angle of 45° decreased the scour depth by up to 55%, and an arrangement from small to large at an angle of 135° reduced the scour depth by up to 72%. Additionally, it was observed that simulations with an orientation closer to 90 degrees needed more equilibrium time when compared to other simulations.
Effect of Phenyl-Acyl Compounds on the Growth, Morphology, and Toxin Production of Microcystis aeruginosa Kützing
Authors: Herrera Natalia , Florez Maria Teresa , Velasquez Juan Pablo , Echeverri Fernando
Published: January 2019

The proliferation of cyanobacteria and, consequently, the production of cyanotoxins is a serious public health concern; for their control, several alternatives have been proposed, including physical, chemical, and biological methods. In the search for new alternatives and a greater understanding of the biochemical process involved in the blooms’ formation, we report here the effect of eight phenyl-acyl compounds in the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa Kützing (assesed as cell density/count and Chl a fluorescence concentration) morphology, and production of the toxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR). Caffeic acid and eugenol decreased the growth of M. aeruginosa Kützing and the levels of Chl a. However, 3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid and syringic acid caused the opposite effect in the growth; 2′and 4′only affected the Chl a. A reduction in the concentration of the MC-LR toxin was detected after treatment with syringic acid, caffeic acid, and eugenol. According to HPLC/MS (High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry), a redox process possibly occurs between caffeic acid and MC-LR. The optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy analyses revealed morphological changes that had been exposed to caffeic acid and vanillin, specifically in the cell division and presence of mucilage. Finally, assays in Daphnia pulex De Geer neonates indicated that caffeic acid had a non-toxic effect at concentrations as high as 100 mg/L at 48 h.
ERRATUM
Authors: Wang Jianlin , Song Wenjie , Shen Weiwei , Yang Xisheng , Sun Wei , Qu Sshibin , Shang Runze , Ma Ben , Pu Meng , Tao Kaishan , Dou Kefeng , Li Haimin
Published: January 2019

MicroRNA-200a (miR-200a) is frequently downregulated in most cancer types and plays an important role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In this study, we determined that miR-200a was downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and cell lines, consistent with the
results of our previous study. Because a previous study suggested that downregulation of miR-200a is correlated with HCC metastasis, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the role of miR-200a in metastasis in HCC. Here we observed that overexpression of miR-200a resulted in suppression
of HCC metastatic ability, including HCC cell migration, invasion, and metastasis, in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays indicated that GAB1 is a direct target of miR-200a. Inhibition of GAB1 resulted in substantially decreased cell invasion and migration
similar to that observed with overexpression of miR-200a in HCC cell lines, whereas restoration of GAB1 partially rescued the inhibitory effects of miR-200a. Taken together, these data provide novel information for comprehending the tumor-suppressive role of miR-200a in HCC pathogenesis through
inhibition of GAB1 translation.
The CIDA Variability Survey of Orion OB1. II. Demographics of the Young, Low-mass Stellar Populations*
Authors: Briceño César , Calvet Nuria , Hernández Jesús , Vivas A. Katherina , Mateu Cecilia , Downes Juan José , Loerincs Jaqueline , Pérez-Blanco Alice , Berlind Perry , Espaillat Catherine , Allen Lori , Hartmann Lee , Mateo Mario , Bailey III John I.
Published: January 2019

We present results of our large-scale, optical, multi-epoch photometric survey across ∼180 square degrees in the Orion OB1 association, complemented with extensive follow-up spectroscopy. Our focus is mapping and characterizing the off-cloud, low-mass, pre-main-sequence (PMS) populations. We report 2062 K- and M-type confirmed T Tauri members; 59% are located in the OB1a subassociation, 27% in the OB1b subassociation, and the remaining 14% in the A and B molecular clouds. We characterize two new clusterings of T Tauri stars, the HD 35762 and HR 1833 groups, both located in OB1a not far from the 25 Ori cluster. We also identify two stellar overdensities in OB1b, containing 231 PMS stars, and find that the OB1b region is composed of two populations at different distances, possibly due to the OB1a subassociation overlapping with the front of OB1b. A ∼2 deg wide halo of young stars surrounds the Orion Nebula Cluster, corresponding in part to the low-mass populations of NGC 1977 and NGC 1980. We use the strength of Hα in emission, combined with the IR excess and optical variability, to define a new type of T Tauri star, the C/W class, stars we propose may be nearing the end of their accretion phase, in an evolutionary state between classical and weak-lined T Tauri stars. The evolution of the ensemble-wide equivalent width of Li i
λ6707 indicates a Li depletion timescale of ∼8.5 Myr. Disk accretion declines with an e-folding timescale of ∼2 Myr, consistent with previous studies.
Charged Grains and Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability in Molecular Clouds
Authors: Pandey B. P. , Vladimirov S. V.
Published: January 2019

The presence of dust grains profoundly affects the diffusion of the magnetic field in molecular clouds. When the electrons and ions are well coupled to the magnetic field and charged grains are only indirectly coupled, emergent Hall diffusion may dominate over all the other non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects in a partially ionized dusty cloud. The low-frequency, long (∼0.01–1 pc) wavelength dispersive MHD waves will propagate in such a medium with the polarization of the waves determined by the dust charge density or the dust size distribution. In the presence of shear flows, these waves may become Kelvin–Helmholtz unstable with the dust charge density or the grain size distribution operating as a switch to the instability. When Hall diffusion time is long (compared to the time over which waves are sheared), the growth rate of the instability in the presence of sub-Alfvénic flow increases with the charge number

on the grain, while it is quenched in the presence of Alfvénic or super-Alfvénic flows. However, when Hall diffusion is fast, the growth rate of the instability depends on the dust charge only indirectly.
Investigating Fragmentation of Gas Structures in OB Cluster-forming Molecular Clump G33.92+0.11 with 1000 au Resolution Observations of ALMA
Authors: Liu Hauyu Baobab , Chen Huei-Ru Vivien , Román-Zúñiga Carlos G. , Galván-Madrid Roberto , Ginsburg Adam , Ho Paul T. P. , Minh Young Chol , Jiménez-Serra Izaskun , Testi Leonardo , Zhang Qizhou
Published: January 2019

We report new ∼1000 au spatial resolution observations of 225 GHz dust continuum emission toward the OB cluster-forming molecular clump G33.92+0.11. On parsec scales, this molecular clump presents a morphology with several arm-like dense gas structures surrounding the two central massive (≳100 M
⊙) cores. From the new higher resolution observations, we identified 28 localized, spatially compact dust continuum emission sources, which may be candidates of young stellar objects (YSOs). Only one of them is not embedded within known arm-like (or elongated) dense gas structures. The spatial separations of these compact sources can be very well explained by Jeans lengths. We found that G33.92+0.11 may be consistently described by a marginally centrifugally supported, Toomre unstable accretion flow that is approximately in a face-on projection. The arm-like overdensities are a natural consequence of the Toomre instability, which can fragment to form YSOs in shorter timescales than the timescale of the global clump contraction. On our resolved spatial scales, there is no evidence yet that the fragmentation is halted by turbulence, the magnetic field, or stellar feedback.
Measurement Accuracy of Inspiraling Eccentric Neutron Star and Black Hole Binaries Using Gravitational Waves
Authors: Gondán László , Kocsis Bence
Published: January 2019

In a recent paper, we determined the measurement accuracy of physical parameters for eccentric, precessing, non-spinning, inspiraling, stellar-mass black hole - black hole (BH–BH) binaries for the upcoming second-generation LIGO/VIRGO/KAGRA detector network at design sensitivity using the Fisher matrix method. Here we extend that study to a wide range of binary masses including neutron star - neutron star (NS–NS), NS–BH, and BH–BH binaries with BH masses up to 110

. The measurement error of eccentricity

at a gravitational-wave (GW) frequency of 10 Hz is in the range

for NS–NS, NS–BH, and BH–BH binaries at a luminosity distance of D

L
if

. For events with masses and distances similar to the detected 10 GW transients, we show that nonzero orbital eccentricities may be detected if

. Consequently, the LIGO/VIRGO/KAGRA detector network at design sensitivity will have the capability to distinguish between eccentric waveforms and circular waveforms. In comparison to circular inspirals, we find that the chirp mass measurement precision can improve by up to a factor of ∼20 and ∼50–100 for NS–NS and NS–BH binaries with BH companion masses ≲40

, respectively. The identification of eccentric sources may give information on their astrophysical origin; it would indicate merging binaries in triple or higher multiplicity systems or dynamically formed binaries in dense stellar systems such as globular clusters or galactic nuclei.
Interaction of Hemispherical Blast Waves with Inhomogeneous Spheres: Probing the Collision of a Supernova Ejecta with a Nearby Companion Star in the Laboratory
Authors: García-Senz Domingo , Velarde Pedro , Suzuki-Vidal Francisco , Stehlé Chantal , Cotelo Manuel , Portillo David , Plewa Tomasz , Pak Arthur
Published: January 2019

Past laboratory experiments at high energy density have provided insights into the physics of supernovae, supernova remnants, and the destruction of interstellar clouds. In a typical experimental setting, a laser-driven planar blast wave interacts with a compositionally homogeneous spherical or cylindrical target. In this work we propose a new laboratory platform that accounts for curvature of the impacting shock and density stratification of the target. Both characteristics reflect the conditions expected to exist shortly after a supernova explosion in a close binary system. We provide details of a proposed experimental design (laser drive, target configuration, diagnostic system), optimized to capture the key properties of recent ejecta–companion interaction models. Good qualitative agreement found between our experimental models and their astrophysical counterparts highlights the strong potential of the proposed design to probe details of the ejecta–companion interaction for broad classes of objects by means of laboratory experiments at high energy density.
Observations of SN 2017ein Reveal Shock Breakout Emission and a Massive Progenitor Star for a Type Ic Supernova
Authors: Xiang Danfeng , Wang Xiaofeng , Mo Jun , Wang Lingjun , Smartt Stephen , Fraser Morgan , Ehgamberdiev Shuhrat A. , Mirzaqulov Davron , Zhang Jujia , Zhang Tianmeng , Vinko Jozsef , Wheeler J. Craig , Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Howell D. Andrew , McCully Curtis , DerKacy James M , Baron E. , Brown Peter , Zhang Xianfei , Bi Shaolan , Song Hao , Zhang Kaicheng , Rest A. , Nomoto Ken’ichi , Tolstov Alexey , Blinnikov Sergei
Published: January 2019

We present optical and ultraviolet observations of nearby Type Ic supernova (SN Ic) SN 2017ein, as well as a detailed analysis of its progenitor properties from both the early-time observations and the prediscovery Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images. The optical light curves started from within 1 day to ∼275 days after explosion, and optical spectra range from ∼2 days to ∼90 days after explosion. Compared to other normal SNe Ic like SN 2007gr and SN 2013ge, SN 2017ein seems to have more prominent C ii absorption and higher expansion velocities in early phases, suggestive of relatively lower ejecta mass. The earliest photometry obtained for SN 2017ein shows indications of shock cooling. The best fit obtained by including a shock-cooling component gives an estimate of the envelope mass as ∼0.02 M
⊙ and stellar radius as 8 ± 4 R
⊙. Examining the pre-explosion images taken with the HST WFPC2, we find that the SN position coincides with a luminous and blue point-like source, with an extinction-corrected absolute magnitude of M

V
 ∼ −8.2 mag and M

I
 ∼ −7.7 mag. Comparisons of the observations to the theoretical models indicate that the counterpart source was either a single W-R star or a binary whose members had high initial masses, or a young compact star cluster. To further distinguish between different scenarios requires revisiting the site of the progenitor with HST after the SN fades away.
Rapid Rotation in the Kepler Field: Not a Single Star Phenomenon
Authors: Simonian Gregory V. A. , Pinsonneault Marc H. , Terndrup Donald M.
Published: January 2019

Tens of thousands of rotation periods have been measured in the Kepler fields, including a substantial fraction of rapid rotators. We use Gaia parallaxes to distinguish photometric binaries (PBs; from single stars on the unevolved lower main sequence, and compare their distribution of rotation properties to those of single stars both with and without Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment spectroscopic characterization. We find that 59% of stars with 1.5 day < P < 7 day lie 0.3 mag above the main sequence, compared with 28% of the full rotation sample. The fraction of stars in the same period range is 1.7 ± 0.1% of the total sample analyzed for rotation periods. Both the PB fraction and the fraction of rapid rotators are consistent with a population of non-eclipsing short-period binaries inferred from Kepler eclipsing binary data after correcting for inclination. This suggests that the rapid rotators are dominated by tidally synchronized binaries rather than single stars obeying traditional angular momentum evolution. We caution against interpreting rapid rotation in the Kepler field as a signature of youth. Following up on this new sample of 217 candidate tidally synchronized binaries will help further understand tidal processes in stars.
Water and OH Emission from the Inner Disk of a Herbig Ae/Be Star
Authors: Adams Steven C. , Ádámkovics Máté , Carr John S. , Najita Joan R. , Brittain Sean D.
Published: January 2019

We report the detection of hot H2O and OH emission from the Herbig Ae/Be star HD 101412 using the Cryogenic Infrared Echelle Spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope. Previous studies of Herbig Ae/Be stars have shown the presence of OH around some of these sources, but H2O has proven more elusive. While marginal water emission has been reported in the mid-infrared, and a few Herbig Ae/Be stars show water emission in the far-infrared, water emission near 2.9 μm has not been previously detected. We apply slab models to the rovibrational OH, H2O, and CO spectra of this source and show that the molecules are consistent with being cospatial. We discuss the possibility that the detection of the CO overtone bandhead emission, detection of water emission, and the large line to continuum contrast of the OH lines may be connected to its high inclination and the λ Boö nature of this star. If the low abundance of refractories results from the selective accretion of gas relative to dust, the inner disk of HD 101412 should be strongly dust-depleted, allowing us to probe deeper columns of molecular gas in the disk, enhancing its molecular emission. Our detection of C- and O-bearing molecules from the inner disk of HD 101412 is consistent with the expected presence, in this scenario, of abundant volatiles in the accreting gas.
Théodore Simon (1873-1961). Itinéraire d’un psychiatre engagé pour la professionnalisation des infirmiers et infirmières d’asile
Authors: Klein Alexandre
Published: January 2019

Célèbre pour avoir créé, avec le psychologue Alfred Binet (1857-1911), la fameuse Échelle métrique de l’intelligence, le psychiatre Théodore Simon (1873-1961) fut aussi, on le sait moins, un acteur central de la professionnalisation des infirmiers et infirmières d’asile en France. Depuis le manuel engagé qu’il publia en 1911 jusqu’à la revue, très explicitement intitulée « L’Infirmier Psychiatrique », qu’il créa en 1953, en passant par l’école spécialisée qu’il fonda puis dirigea de 1946 à 1957 à l’hôpital Maison Blanche de Neuilly-sur-Marne, Simon a œuvré durant toute sa carrière pour la reconnaissance et la formation de ceux qu’il voyait comme de véritables collaborateurs. C’est ce que nous montrerons dans cet article 1 qui se propose, en revenant sur le parcours oublié de ce médecin d’asile militant, de mettre en lumière son engagement en faveur de la professionnalisation du personnel infirmier en psychiatrie.
Sollicitude et nostrité : Binswanger et Hemmerle
Authors: Dupuis Michel
Published: January 2019

Plutôt que de contester l’impérialisme d’une ontologie classique, on peut trouver chez Binswanger et Ricœur la suggestion d’un autre mode de l’être qui serait le fondement de la relation (nostrité, sollicitude). Le théologien et philosophe K. Hemmerle a esquissé les grandes lignes d’une telle ontologie, qu’il nomme ontologie trinitaire. Une lecture conjointe de ces auteurs profite de l’interpellation faite par l’éthique levinassienne à l’ontologie fondamentale, mais au-delà de cette critique, elle permet de reconnaître une autre figure de l’être qui fonde la relation à autrui.
Le corps personnel. Étude du rôle du corps dans l’élaboration de l’être personnel dans le Traité du caractère et Le Personnalisme d’Emmanuel Mounier
Authors: Lucas Marie-Odile
Published: January 2019

Le corps est ce par quoi la personne peut advenir, et participant ainsi à l’élaboration de la vie personnelle, il devient ainsi en quelque sorte lui-même personnel. Reflet et porte d’entrée de la personne, il est ce qui permet à la personne également de se donner à connaître, comme de se donner dans la relation sexuelle. Le développement de l’être personnel remet ainsi en cause la vision dualiste du l’homme. Il n’est pas un corps abritant un esprit : il est corps permettant la vie de l’esprit, et esprit irrigant sans cesse le corps.
Excitation dynamics of two level quantum systems coupled to Morse vibrations
Authors: Abramavičius Darius , Marčiulionis Tomas
Published: January 2019

Electronic excited states of a molecular aggregate coupled to Morse vibrations are analysed by a nonperturbative time dependent variational approach. General equations of motion for an electronically excited state are derived for electronic amplitudes, nuclear displacements and squeezing of the nuclear wave packets. Numerical simulations demonstrate that anharmonicities of vibrations lead to short-term irreversible dynamics, extra localization and transformation of stationary lowest-energy states.