bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traditional Even Child Rearing in Nomadic Conditions
Authors: Neustroev Nikolai Dmitrievich , Sleptsov Yuri Alekseevich , Neustroeva Anna Nikolaevna , Shergina Tuyaara Alekseevna , Kozhurova Alina Alekseevna
Published: January 2020

This article deals with the problem of indigenous peoples’ child-rearing practices based on their traditional way of life, language and authentic ethnic culture against the background of a strong national revival of the peoples of the Russian Federation. It shows that inclement
natural and climatic conditions and the vulnerable traditional way of life of indigenous peoples of the North have necessitated creation of a special national policy towards their sustainable development, which would provide for an action framework to preserve their indigenous culture, traditional
way of life, and primordial living environment. In particular, it resolves the essential contradiction between the existing unified system of school education and the relevance of variable organization of traditional education for children of the indigenous peoples of the North in the nomad
camp, based on their ethnic, psychological, and physiological features of development. A model for traditional Even child rearing in the nomad camp has been developed and tested as a new form of organizing children’s life during summer holidays in the North. Special aspects of educational
environment for Northern children in the nomad camp have been substantiated based on a curriculum with an ethnic focus aiming to form their identity as native speakers of the language and bearers of the culture of their people and as members of the northern ethnic group. The effectiveness
of ethnocultural education of Even children in the nomad camp has been experimentally proved through an ethno-pedagogical theory and practice in specific natural conditions of the North.
Character Morphology and Physiology of Flood-Resistant Rice in the South Sumatra Lowland Swamp
Authors: Gusmiatun  , Marlina Neni , Rompas Joni Philep , Nunilahwati Haperindah
Published: January 2020

Alternatives to increase rice production in Indonesia is the expansion of planting area to a swampy bogland. Obstacles encountered in swampy areas are frequent flooding that comes unpredictable as the impact of global climate change phenomena. One effort to overcome that use flood-resistant
varieties, which can be derived from local varieties or improved varieties results from the assembly. This study aims to find the most resistant local varieties of immersion in the vegetative phase, and knowing the character of morphology and physiology that are characteristic of resistance
to stress submersion due to flooding. Fieldwork was carried by the experimental method to the stress of a different environment, namely, P0 = control plants (without soaking), P1 = the plants soaked at the age of 7–14 days, P2 = the plants soaked at the
age of 7–14 days and 28–35 days. At any environmental condition tested 11 varieties, i.e., V1 = FR13A, V2 = Inpara-3, V3 = Inpara-4, V4 = Inpara-5, V5 = Ciliwung, V6 = IR64, V7 = Ruti, V8 =
Uffa, V9 = Lambur, V10 = Payak Acan, and V11 = Payak Selimbuk. The results showed that local varieties Payak Selimbuk tolerate immersion for one week in the vegetative phase. The character trait physiology tolerant to submergence is chlorophyll content and
high carbohydrate. Local rice morphological characters that are tolerant of immersion is tall plants and better plant vigor.
Alcoholysis of Kepyar Castor Seed Oil (Ricinus Communis) Using Alumina Silica Catalyst (Used Cracking Process in Pertamina Ru-III Palembang) at 1 Atm Pressure
Authors: Roni Kiagus Ahmad , Syahputra Julian , Ruamarga Yuda Fajarianto
Published: January 2020

Kepyar castor oil has not been widely used. Therefore, this kepyar castor oil needs to be processed, among others by the process of alcoholy sis, using catalysts from the Pertamina unit III Palembang oil cracking waste, which is also a waste, so that it can be utilized. Alcoholy sis
of used cooking oil in more than one atmospheric pressure at the exhaust catalyst for petroleum cracking Pertamina unit III Palembang, run in a three-neck rounded flask, equipped with a thermometer, heater and stirrer. At first, three-neck rounded flask filled with kepyar castor oil, alcohol,
and catalyst to a certain amount, then powerstat heater and stirrer is turned on and set. Samples were taken at each interval of 10 minutes and then the lower layers of glycerol levels were analyzed by acetine. In a certain range, an increase in temperature, the percentage of catalyst, stirring
rotation, and ethanol-oil ratio, resulting in increased glyceride conversion. Alcoholic analysis of kepyar castor oil follows pseudo first-order reactions to glycerides. The process is relatively good, found in 60 minutes, temperature 110 °C, catalyst percentage 2.5%, stirring speed 320
ppm, and alcohol-oil ratio 6 mg/mg. In that situation the conversion reached 0.7099 parts.
On Optimal Thickness of the Curve at Calculating the Fractal Dimension Using the Box-Counting Method
Authors: Pershin Ilya , Tumakov Dmitrii
Published: January 2020

Fractal curves are found in various fields of science and technology, and the calculation of the dimensions of the curves is an actual direction. The fractal dimension (FD) is a metric used to characterize the filling of a plane with a curve. The choice of the thickness of the curve
line at calculating its FD using the box-counting method (BCM) is not obvious. This is the subject of the present paper. First, we consider a straight horizontal line with different thicknesses, and calculate FD for different thicknesses, using BCM. Using the exact dimensional value for a
straight line, the initial conclusion is made about the thicknesses that give a correct FD. In the next step, the dimensions of straight lines rotated by a certain angle in the range from to 90 degrees are calculated. At any angle of inclination of the line, the FD values should also remain
equal to unity. The range of FD values depending on the rotation angle is analyzed. The result is an “optimal” line thickness equal to 3 px. At this value, the FD values are the closest to one for any angle of inclination. As a result it is received that at dimensional calculation
by means of BCM, it is enough to choose the initial image of 200 on 200 pixels, and boxes to choose the sizes from 2 to 50 pixels with step of 2 pixels. The stability of dimension calculations on the grid offset has been verified. The algorithm’s error is estimated on the example of
the calculation of FD for the Koch fractal.
Separation of Water-Oil Emulsion Using Polyethersulfone Membranes Treated with High-Frequency Low-Temperature Plasma
Authors: Dilshatovichfazullin Dinar , Vitalievichmavrin Gennady , Vladislavolegovichdryakhlov  , Ildargilmanovichshaikhiev  , Rashatovichnizameyev Irek
Published: January 2020

A study of the water-oil emulsion separation by polyethersulfone membranes with a mass of cutoff particles 10 kDa was carried out. The membranes were treated with a low-temperature highfrequency capacitive reduced pressure plasma in an argon and nitrogen medium (70:30) at a voltage
of Ua = 1.5–5.5 kV and processing time τ = 1.5–7 minutes. Round flatfilter elements with a diameter of 47 mm were used in the capacity of membranes. The emulsion with a concentration of 3% (by volume) was prepared on the basis of Devon oil from the
Tumutukskoye oil field and distilled water and was stabilized by the Kosintol-242 surfactant. The experiments were carried out on a laboratory ultra filtration separation unit. Based on the results of the studies, an increase in the separation productivity of the water-oil emulsions after
plasma treatment of the membranes is shown; an increase in the studied process efficiency from 95.1 to 98.4% with the exposure by plasma at U = 3.5 kV and τ = 7 min is noted. Using electron microscopy, sedentary droplet, and IR spectroscopy methods, we have revealed an increase
in the surface roughness of the membranes after plasma treatment with nitrogen argon, as a result of which the contact angle of distilled water decreased from 75.3° to 65.3°, which indicates an increase in hydrophilicity and, respectively, water absorption, and in addition, the formation
of oxygen-containing functional groups and the hydrogen bonds in the surface structure of the polymer polyethersulfone membrane.
Removal of Petroleum Products from Water Surface by Chemically Modified Wood Waste
Authors: Sippel Irina Yakovlevna , Akhmetgaleeva Gulnaz Albertovna
Published: January 2020

In this work, they studied the possibility of woodwork waste use to remove oil products from the water surface by the sorption method. We used sawdust of ash (Fráxinus excélsior) and linden (Tília cordáta) as sorption materials, formed at the woodworking
enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan, as sorbates-fresh and used diesel engine oils, characterized by high boiling points and heavy fractional composition. To increase the sorption capacity of wood waste, they were chemically modified with the solutions of sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric,
perchloric, phosphoric and acetic acids with the concentration of 0.5, 1 and 3%. They determined the values of the maximum oil absorption of the initial and modified samples of sorption materials in relation to fresh and used motor oils. It was established that ash and linden sawdust modified
with a 3% solution of nitric acid have the highest sorption properties. Determination of the sorption capacity by iodine and methylene blue showed that modified sawdust, in comparison with the initial samples, has a more highly developed surface, combining different types of pores: both micro-
and mesopores. Experiments on modeling engine oil spills on water surface showed that chemically modified sawdust are effective sorbents of oil products, the degree of water purification reaches 99%.
Prophylactic Effect of Memantine on Chronic Migraine Headache
Authors: Kashipazha Davood , Emadi Sahereh
Published: January 2020

Given the high prevalence of migraine treatment failure and resistance to existing drugs and side effects of drugs, finding alternative therapies for refractory patients or chronic migraine is essential. Fifty four patients with migraine headaches were stochastic classified to the 2
groups: placebo and memantine. In first one, memantine is managed at a dose of 20 mg in a day, that enhanced 4 weeks to this dose, and in second group placebo was given. The severity, duration, incapacity, and frequency of migraine headache attacks were recorded at the starting of the research,
and the end of first, second, third and fourth months of the study. The mean of VAS score did not have a significant difference at the beginning of the study and at the end of the first month, however here was a significant decrease in the memantine group, during the end of second, third and
fourth. After 4 months of behaving, MIDAS score were 22.44±10.62 in the memantine group, when in the placebo group, this was 14.47±1.79 (p <0.0001). The outcomes shows the role of memantine on the treatment and prevention of chronic migraine headaches. In addition, the migraine
headaches incidence is mainly decreased in the memantine group in comparison to placebo at the end of the research.
Challenges in the International Business Market Through Fixed Currency Systems: A Study Based on Business Scenario in UAE
Authors: Sunil Kumar C. T. , Sriraman V. P. , Pillai Mahesh R.
Published: January 2020

The contemporary global business scenario is significantly dynamic that incorporates modern financial and business potentials and possibilities making business avenues simultaneously flexible and fair. Until recent past sea was considered as worst option to reach nations for doing business.
However, after realization of the concept that business can easily be spread beyond national boundaries, men started conquering lands for conducting business and to earn higher income and profit. Consequently, the business faced the challenge of meeting larger demands of goods and services
across the nations, as a results business started dealings in number of possibilities such as exchange of facilities, barter system, gold/silver related commodities. Meanwhile, the disadvantage of doing business across borders in such a way was widely propagated. As a result nations and business
were forced to use a unique and commonly accepted commodity as a medium of exchange, which should overcome the problems of barter system and gold rates system. This led to the birth of modern currency and further advancements in the form of financial instruments including paper currencies
and bullion exchanges. Majority of the modern day business are guided by the profit, and doing business in international currency relatively increases the rate of profit. At the beginning nations started exploring number of possibilities of trade on the basis of fixed and floating exchange
rate for capital gains. This modern type of multiple payment settlement system in business across borders has increased the attractiveness of international business; customers search for quality products at competitive prices. Consequently, companies and even economies have been considering
international business as best alternative for earing higher profits while at the same time doing business with developed and stable economies. Trade among countries and regions needs unified currency, which has been made easy through introduction of fixed and floating exchange rate systems.
Countries entering into international trade agreements either fix-up a common value for the currency in which regular trading happens with another nation or tie up with the currency of a develop economy. The fixed exchange rate system has enabled countries to make prior financial arrangements
required for modern day businesses. Present study has been carried out to properly examine the currency arrangements in UAE against US Dollars and other GCC countries’ currencies. Hence the study has evaluated the expected benefits of fixed exchange rate system in case of UAE. In addition
to that, prime factors that significantly affect the process of pegging UAE currency against major currencies such as USD, Euro, and Pound Sterling have also been examined.
Research on Realization of Medical Image Restoration Based on Blind Equalization Algorithm
Authors: Han Ting , Zhao Ruo-Han , Dong Mo
Published: January 2020

In order to study the realization of medical image restoration, this study mainly adopts blind equalization algorithm to analyze medical images, and observes the improvement effect of blind equalization technology on medical images. In the process of medical image formation, it is unavoidable
to be affected by point spread function, which leads to image degradation and brings great difficulties to diagnosis, and the results of degradation are often unpredictable. The results show that the blind restoration algorithm can restore the image when the degradation process of the medical
image is uncertain, which makes the medical image clearer and more accurate, brings great convenience to the diagnosis, and also reduces the diagnostic errors caused by the unclear image.
Application of 3-D Sensor Tracking Imaging in Detailed Feature Extraction of Motion Damage Action
Authors: Jiang Chuan , Yin Hang , Yang Fan , Jiang Xiaowei
Published: January 2020

In order to study the theoretical significance and practical value of the application of three-dimensional sensor tracking imaging in motion damage action detail feature extraction, the key technologies such as accurate segmentation of moving targets, regional feature extraction, target
description and robust tracking are studied and discussed. The results show that the robustness of particle filter tracking algorithm in complex scenes can be effectively improved by using the separable feature information of the current tracking scene to track the target. From this it can
be seen that the Bandelet transform based on geometric flow divides the image into regions, counts the histogram of the intensity distribution of the strip wave in all directions, and extracts the statistical features. Meanwhile, histogram features are normalized in order to maintain the robustness
and selectivity of features.
Differential AC Boosting Compensation for Power-Efficient Multistage Amplifiers
Authors: Asiyabi Tayebeh , Torfifard Jafar
Published: January 2020

In this paper, a new architecture of four-stage CMOS operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) based on an alternative differential AC boosting compensation called DACBC is proposed. The presented structure removes feedforward and boosts feedback paths of compensation network simultaneously.
Moreover, the presented circuit uses a fairly small compensation capacitor in the order of 1 pF, which makes the circuit very compact regarding enhanced several small-signal and largesignal characteristics. The proposed circuit along with several state-of-the-art schemes from the literature
have been extensively analysed and compared together. The simulation results show with the same capacitive load and power dissipation the unity-gain frequency (UGF) can be improved over 60 times than conventional nested Miller compensation. The results of the presented OTA with 15 pF capacitive
load demonstrated 65° phase margin, 18.88 MHz as UGF and DC gain of 115 dB with power dissipation of 462 μW from 1.8 V.
Rapid detection of Helicobacter pylori using cytotoxin-associated gene A based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay and magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Junwang , Wang Meixia , Shi Ying , Wang Qi , Zhao Wubo
Published: January 2020

The current methods for detecting Helicobacter pylori infection are time-consuming and have relatively low sensitivity. More appropriate tests are needed. A rapid, specific, and sensitive method was presently developed to detect the cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) of
H. pylori. Genomic DNA was extracted using magnetic nanoparticles and then amplified by the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction using primers we designed. To assess the diagnostic value of the LAMP assay in detecting H. pylori cagA, agarose gel electrophoresis
as well as detection of fluorescence intensity after adding fluorescent dye were done. Specificity analysis showed that 11 pathogenic bacterial strains common in human gut were negative for cagA, with a positive result obtained only for H. pylori. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated
a cagA detection limit of 100 fg. The results were consistent with that of the 3C-urea breath test. The novel LAMP assay can directly identify H. pylori cagA in the gastric juice of clinical patients with high sensitivity and specificity. The comparatively more rapid
and more sensitive method may be valuable for clinical applications.
In-situ synthesis of a novel CaO·4B2O3 · 2H2O–SiO2 nanocomposite and its influence on mechanical property and flame retardancy of polypropylene
Authors: Li Ping , Yan Hong-Hong , Liu Zhi-Hong
Published: January 2020

A novel CaO·4B2O3·2H2O–SiO2 nanocomposite with good thermal stability has been in situ synthesized, in which the SiO2 nanospheres are supported on the CaO·4B2O3·2H2O
nanosheets. As a comparison, single CaO·4B2O3 ·2H2O nanosheet with the thickness of 100 nm, single SiO2 nanosphere with the diameter of about 100 nm, and their physical mixture were also prepared, respectively. On the basis of characterizations
of XRD, FT-IR, TGA, SEM and TEM, the fire performance of CaO·4B2O3 ·2H2O–SiO2 nanocomposite to polypropylene was studied. It is demonstrated that the flame retardancy of prepared sample was prominently stronger than those of single
CaO·4B2O3 ·2H2O nanosheet and their physical mixture. Furthermore, the mechanical property of polypropylene/CaO·4B2O3·2H2O–SiO2 composite was also assessed. The possible formation
mechanism of the nanocomposite and its flame-retardant mechanism were put forward. It has prospect as possible flame retardant to polypropylene and other polymers.
Synthesis of mesoporous nickel–titanium-trimesic acid inorganic–organic hybrid composite in ionic liquid microemulsions for adsorption of rhodamine B from aqueous solution
Authors: Ye Ranfeng , Ni Min , Chen Hao , Li Shengqing
Published: January 2020

For the first time, mesoporous nickel–titanium-trimesic acid (NTT) inorganic–organic hybrid composite was synthesized in water-in-[Bmim]PF6 ionic liquid microemulsions using the trimesic acid (BTC) as the linker. The synthesized NTT was characterized by scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) methods, etc. Then, the isotherm and kinetic of adsorption were studied. The experimental data were well fitted with isotherm models
of Langmuir and Freundlich (IMLF) at 298 K and 308 K and better fitted with the isotherm model of Langmuir (IML) at 318 K with the adsorption capacity of 662.212 μmol/g (maximum). The adsorption of rhodamine B (RhB) on NTT can be described by pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model.
This proposed method for synthesis of mesoporous NTT inorganic–organic hybrid composite is facile, environment-friendly and operated at room temperature, which could be applied to synthesis of other mesoporous inorganic–organic hybrid composites.
Mapping the Decadal (2009–2018) Research Landscape of Nanotoxicity: Insights from a Bibliometric Study
Authors: Chen Xin
Published: January 2020

Nanomaterials (NMs) have wide applications in industrial and household areas, and possibilities of exposure to NMs are increasing, prompting considerable concerns about safety issues related to them. This paper describes the research landscape of nanotoxicity over the past ten years
by adopting bibliometric methods. Annual, regional, and institutional distributions, as well as regional/institutional impact of literature on nanotoxicity were analyzed. Both quantitative and citation-based analyses were carried out to reveal the research hotspots. Results showed that cytotoxicity
was the most concerned issue in the application of NMs, especially in imaging, diagnosis, and therapy. There were also a large number of studies on ecotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, genotoxicity, inflammation, and reproductive toxicity caused by NMs. NMs such as Ag, Au, graphene-based
materials (GBMs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), TiO2, SiO2, etc. were the most studied materials. Moreover, a growing number of both in vivo and in vitro studies involving NMs have been carried out in the past ten years. Mammalian models, such as mouse, human
and rat, were the most studied models. A Sankey diagram between study types and experimental models showed that in vivo studies exceeded in vitro studies for some well-established animal models. Yet in-depth in vivo studies regarding interactions of NMs within human systems
were still essential. With rapid development of nanotechnology, toxic and safety issues on NMs need to be addressed more specifically in future research.
Micro-Nanostructure Formation Mechanism of High-Mg Al Alloy
Authors: Hu Zeyi , Liu Wenliang , Fan Caihe
Published: January 2020

Micro-nanostructured materials have superior mechanical properties compared with coarse-grained materials. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) can effectively refine grains, resulting in the formation of typical micro-nanostructures. Fine grains improve alloy strength and toughness. This
review summarizes the application of several typical SPD methods for high-Mg Al alloy. The effects of different SPD methods on the microstructure evolution, micro-nanostructure formation mechanism, and mechanical properties of the high-Mg Al alloy are analyzed in sequence. Finally, the development
and future of the high-Mg Al alloy micro/nanostructure regulation are described.
A Facile Arc-Discharge Method to Deposit Metal Nanoparticles on Glass Substrate
Authors: Islam Md. Mydul , Sarwar Hasan , Matin Md. Abdul , Rashid Mohammad Junaebur , Islam Md. Fakhrul , Kamal-Al-Hassan MD.
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a simple low-cost approach to produce nanoparticles using arc-discharge method. Unlike existing deposition techniques, this is the first instance that nanoparticles are deposited on a charge neutral substrate by arc discharge method. In an atmospheric environment,
copper (Cu) has been used as both anode and cathode in the process. The use of same material in both the electrode happens to be the first use case with arc discharge method. A simple airflow has been used to direct the evaporated nanomaterials towards the substrate. XRD, UV and FESEM were
employed to confirm the presence of Cu nanoparticles and its properties. XRD pattern shows a crystal size of Cu nanoparticles as 7.4 nm.
Effect of fabA and desA Mediated Low Temperature Adaption on Shewanella putrefaciens via Regulation of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism
Authors: Chen Li , Yang Shengping , Qian Yunfang , Xie Jing
Published: January 2020

Shewanella putrefaciensis a kind of spoilage bacteria in low temperature chilled aquatic products, which seriously threats human health and aquaculture. The fatty acid composition of S. putrefaciens cell membranes has been shown to be involved in adaption of bacteria to
various environments. However, the specific fatty acid metabolism of S. putrefaciens to the low temperature environment remains unknown. In this study, the growth of S. putrefaciens, the response of fatty acid composition to low temperature production, and the differential expression
and synthesis of enzymes related to unsaturated fatty acid synthesis were investigated by lack of fabA and desA in S. putrefaciens. Results showed that loss of fabA and desA suppressed the growth of S. putrefaciens and reduced unsaturated fatty acid contents at low temperature.
In addition, the upregulation of fabA, but not desA resulted in accumulation of unsaturated fatty acid. Up-regulations of fabA and desA both resulted in promotion of GPR41 and Retn gene and protein expressions. These results demonstrated that the deletions of fabA and desA resulted in reduction
of unsaturated fatty acid and key downstream genes of fatty acid metabolism, which suggested that unsaturated fatty acid was involved in the adaptations of fabA and desA-mediated S. putrefaciens to the low temperature environment. These results provided a tentative mechanism of the
synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in S. putrefaciens under low temperature conditions.
Effect of Polymerization Mode on Nanostructure and Properties of pH and Temperature Sensitive Cellulose-Based Hydrogels
Authors: Jiang Ping , LV Linda , Ji Hongmin , Li Ziwen , Li Gen , Chen Shaowei , Jiang Zhechao , Chu Shuai
Published: January 2020

In this paper, temperature/pH response Eucalyptus cellulose/poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (cellulose/PDMAEMA) hydrogel was synthesized by radical polymerization taking Eucalyptus cellulose as the raw material. Combined with SEM and swelling experiments, it was found that
interpenetrating network nanostructure was beneficial to improve swelling rate, higher equilibrium expansion ratio, and the sensitivity of pH and temperature response of hydrogel could also be improved. The existence of ice crystals facilitated the formation of interpenetrating network structure
Combined with mechanical tests, it was found that freezing-thawing damage the structure of nanopores. Thus, polymerization mode, to a certain extent, played a decisive role in the mechanical strength, swelling capacity and response performance of hydrogel.
Diagnostic In Vivo Treatment of Atopic Skin Necrosis Using by Food Systems of Gamma Linolenic Seed Oil and Synthetic Proliferation Cultured Protein
Authors: Jun Sihyun , Seo Roma , Jiwon Min , Mo Sung Wan , Lee Kyung , Ki Baek Jung , Ly Suw Young
Published: January 2020

Treatment of atopic dermatitis, which causes human dermal necrosis, depends on strong synthetic antibiotics or staloids. Therefore, sequential prescriptions affect the tolerance of the dermis because absorbed ionics can cause renal and nerve damage. Thus, we have synthesized
dermatitis treatment cosmetics ointments by using natural friendly food systems of seed oil such as gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), artificial skin softener, skin cell proliferation agent, and more. The active vitamin derivative was added to the human body ointments as a catalyst diffusion agent.
Moreover, the in vitro diagnostic ionic diffusion activity was analyzed with a tattoo skin probe. The trace assay reached the detection limit of 10 mg/L GLA strength for the concentrated range of skin absorption. The results of the assay showed that in vivo real-time skin could
be analyzed directly without damage to the cell. This is done with a 30 sec accumulation time, and the measurement potential is 2 v˜–2 V, 35 Hz frequency, with oxidation and reduction scanning stripping and reversible differential wave used. The results of this study can be applied
to the development of anti-inflammatory agents that are active in various organ damage preventions, cell proliferation, and in vivo real diagnostic tattoo sensing which was performed.
Study of Structural and Photocatalytic Activity of Cobalt Doped Nanocrystalline Gadolinium Aluminate via Facile Combustion Route
Authors: Jisha P.K. , Prashantha S.C. , Kumar M.R. Anil , Naik Ramachandra , Nagabhushana H.
Published: January 2020

Up converting (UC) nanoparticles have been a milestone for the people of optical world in the past decade because of their extraordinary properties. In this article, a novel cobalt doped nanocrystalline Gadolinium Aluminate (GdAlO3:Co2+) have been successfully
synthesized by the solution combustion method. The structure of the samples were characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) shows that transition metal (TM) doped nanoparticles have smaller crystalline size the structural morphology was studied using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
which shows irregular shaped, highly dispersed and the size was found to be in the range of 15–25 nm. The result demonstrated that the synthesized material could be useful for dye decolourisation as a photocatalyst.
Role of Abnormally Enhanced MJO over the Western Pacific in the Formation and Subseasonal Predictability of the Record-Breaking Northeast Asian Heatwave in the Summer of 2018
Authors: Hsu Pang-Chi , Qian Yitian , Liu Yu , Murakami Hiroyuki , Gao Yingxia
Published: January 2020

In the summer of 2018, Northeast Asia experienced a heatwave event that broke the existing high-temperature records in several locations in Japan, the Korean Peninsula, and northeastern China. At the same time, an unusually strong Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) was observed to stay over the western Pacific warm pool. Based on reanalysis diagnosis, numerical experiments, and assessments of real-time forecast data from two subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) models, we discovered the importance of the western Pacific MJO in the generation of this heatwave event, as well as its predictability at the subseasonal time scale. During the prolonged extreme heat period (11 July–14 August), a high pressure anomaly with variability at the intraseasonal (30–90 days) time scale appeared over Northeast Asia, causing persistent adiabatic heating and clear skies in this region. As shown in the composites of MJO-related convection and circulation anomalies, the occurrence of this 30–90-day high anomaly over Northeast Asia was linked with an anomalous wave train induced by tropical heating associated with the western tropical Pacific MJO. The impact of the MJO on the heatwave was further confirmed by sensitivity experiments with a coupled GCM. As the western Pacific MJO-related components were removed by nudging prognostic variables over the tropics toward their annual cycle and longer time scales (>90 days) in the coupled GCM, the anomalous wave train along the East Asian coast disappeared and the surface air temperature in Northeast Asia lowered. The MJO over the western Pacific warm pool also influenced the predictability of the extratropical heatwave. Our assessments of two S2S models’ real-time forecasts suggest that the extremity of this Northeast Asian heatwave can be better predicted 1–4 weeks in advance if the enhancement of MJO convection over the western Pacific warm pool is predicted well.
Aging Effects on Esophageal Transit Time in the Upright Position During Videofluoroscopy
Authors: Garand Kendrea L. (Focht) , Culp Lindsey , Wang Bin , Davidson Kate , Martin-Harris Bonnie
Published: January 2020

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to examine age-related effects on esophageal transit times (ETT) among healthy adult participants.

Methods:

A total of 175 healthy, non-dysphagic participants underwent a modified barium swallow study (MBSS), and ETT was recorded for two standardized swallowing tasks. Differences across age groups were determined using Kruskal–Wallis test. Relationships between an Esophageal Clearance (Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile Component 17) score and ETT were also explored.

Results:

No significant differences were observed in ETT across age groups for nectar-thickened liquid ( P = .335) or pudding ( P = .231) consistencies. No significant differences were observed between males and females in ETT for either the nectar ( P = .112) or pudding trial ( P = .817). For nectar, the mean ETT for patients with Component 17 scores of 2 or greater were significantly higher than that of participants with a score of 0 ( P < .0001). For pudding, participants with a score >0 demonstrated significantly higher mean ETT compared to participants with a score of 0 (with P = .0008 and P < .0001, respectively).

Conclusion:

Study findings failed to support age-related or sex-related differences in ETT for two standardized swallowing tasks administered during a MBSS in healthy individuals. The normative values following a standardized protocol in this study provide guidance in clinical interpretation of esophageal function.
Olfactory Facilitation of Takeover Performance in Highly Automated Driving
Authors: Tang Qiuyang , Guo Gang , Zhang Zijian , Zhang Bingbing , Wu Yingzhang
Published: January 2020

Objective

This study aims to quantify the impact of olfactory stimulation and takeover modality on the performance of takeovers in conditionally automated driving.

Background

Takeover requests are important for the safety of automated vehicles. The reaction time and subsequent performance of drivers in the takeover process are crucial for safety. In this study, peppermint was adopted as an auxiliary modality to the tactile and auditory design of takeover requests.

Methods

Sixty participants took part in the experiment, which required participants to avoid a stalled vehicle after they were awoken from a state of light sleep by a takeover request. Takeover modality (tactile, auditory, and combined) was the within-subjects factor. In the between-subjects design, half of the participants received a peppermint odor stimulation when the takeover request occurred, and the other half received a placebo (air).

Results

The presence of peppermint odor did not influence the reaction time, but participants did show signs of being more alert afterwards. For the moment of takeover, use of the auditory modality had a significant positive effect on reaction time compared to the tactile conditions.

Conclusion

Peppermint odor had a positive impact on drivers’ takeover quality when engaged in nondriving-related activities such as light sleep, and the takeover request modalities were shown to be crucial for a safe and successful takeover.

Application

The results will be useful as a reference for developers of automated driving systems to design human–machine interfaces, shorten the driver’s reaction time, and improve takeover quality.
Mechanical and tribological performance of Ni–Co-based binders for cubic boron nitride cutting tools
Authors: Miranda G , Guimarães B , Pereira D , Buciumeanu M , Cabral A , Fredel M , Silva FS , Henriques B
Published: January 2020

Cubic boron nitride is becoming an alternative cutting tool material for machining under demanding conditions, displaying superior wear performance and machined parts with higher quality. The current need to reduce the cobalt content in these tools led to this study and focused on alternative binder materials for cubic boron nitride cutting tools. This work addresses several nickel–cobalt-based materials, regarding their microstructure, mechanical (hardness and shear strength), and tribological performance. The best results were attained when adding tungsten carbide to nickel–cobalt, once nickel–cobalt–tungsten carbide was found to display the higher mechanical properties, together with the higher wear resistance.
Social Media Use and Externalizing Behaviors During Early Adolescence
Authors: Ohannessian Christine McCauley , Vannucci Anna
Published: January 2020

A primary goal of this study was to examine adolescents’ use of the most commonly used social media apps in the United States. An additional goal was to examine the relationship between social media use and adolescent externalizing behaviors. The moderating influences of gender and race/ethnicity also were assessed. The sample included 1,072 adolescents ( M age = 12.74 years, SD = 0.67, 51% girls; 64% White). Participating adolescents completed a survey in school. Most of the adolescents did not use Facebook or Twitter. However, the majority of adolescents used Instagram and Snapchat, and girls were more likely to use these social media apps than were boys. Adolescents who regularly used social media reported more delinquent behavior and poorer behavioral conduct in comparison with nonusers. In addition, boys who used Facebook regularly and Hispanic adolescents who used Instagram regularly were at an elevated risk for delinquent behaviors and poorer behavioral conduct.
All that happened inside the happening: Fear, law and politics after the police encounter at Batla House, New Delhi
Authors: Sayeed Mohammad
Published: January 2020

This article focuses on legal learning and a specific type of protest that emerged in the aftermath of the police shoot-out at Batla House, New Delhi in 2008. Following the shooting, there was an atmosphere of fear in the locality, as doubts began to emerge about the police’s version of the story. What exacerbated the situation was a series of arrests from the locality, often without proper documents and procedures. Under the pretext of national security, the mandatory legal procedures were often ignored, and severely limited the legal avenues available for the residents. The residents invested in collective learning of the legal procedures and were able to create tactical situations on the street to force the state agencies to follow the letter of the law. In this process, they reproduced the state’s logic of combining the judicial with the extrajudicial but aimed it towards deepening their belonging to the law.
“In This City of the Dead”: Charleston’s Magnolia Cemetery and Middle-Class Aspiration
Authors: Martin Anne Marie
Published: January 2020

Like many other cities in the antebellum United States, Charleston, South Carolina, faced the challenge of managing longstanding, overfilled, urban burial spaces in an area with a large population and high mortality rates. Although Charleston would seem to have been an ideal candidate for an early rural cemetery, Magnolia Cemetery was not opened outside the city until almost twenty years after Mount Auburn’s founding. In Charleston, the modernizing impulse illustrated by calls for cemetery reform came in to conflict with the city’s dominant upper class. The establishment of Magnolia Cemetery was undertaken by middle-class Charlestonians who hoped to use burial to create an alternative social hierarchy that existed parallel to Charleston’s rigid slaveholding aristocracy.
Outcomes of Endonasal Septoplasty and Extracorporeal Septal Reconstruction in Anterocaudal Septal Deviation
Authors: Tian Qiushi , Chu Teng , Sun Haimin , Pang Mingjie
Published: January 2020

Objective:

The aim of this study was to compare the functional and aesthetic outcomes of endonasal septoplasty (ES) and extracorporeal septal reconstruction (ESR) in anterocaudal septal deviation.

Methods:

In this study, patients (n = 46) who underwent nasal septoplasty surgery due to anterocaudal septal deviation during February 2015 to August 2017 were analyzed; 23 patients underwent ES and the others (n = 23) underwent ESR. The decision of whether to use the ES or ESR was randomized by random number table method. Nasal obstruction symptoms evaluation (NOSE) scores, total nasal resistance (TNR), aesthetic visual analog scale (VAS), nasal anatomical angles, and incidence of complications were used to assess the patients in 2 groups.

Results:

The NOSE scores, TNR, aesthetic VAS, tip deviation angle (TDA), nasolabial angle (NLA), nasofrontal angle (NFA) in the ESR group were significantly improved from preoperative to postoperative 1 year, whereas in the ES group, except aesthetic VAS, NLA, NFA, all other postoperative outcomes were improved from preoperative values. The objective and subjective postoperative results of ESR group were better than the ES group except TDA. The incidence of complications was not significantly different between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:

Our study have compared the nasal functional and aesthetic outcomes of 2 septoplasty techniques in a randomized controlled trial. The ESR technique is more effective than ES technique in correcting functional and aesthetic disorders caused by anterocaudal septal deviation.
Can the IoT Help Small Businesses?
Authors: Jones Nory B. , Graham C. Matt
Published: January 2020

The IoT (Internet of Things) can transform businesses by automating processes ranging from inventory management to robotics to automation, saving time, and money. However, can small businesses benefit from the IoT? This article explores the emerging role of the IoT in small businesses, the impact on their ability to compete in a rapidly changing digital environment, and their awareness, attitudes, perceptions, and willingness to adopt it. The research utilizes an initial exploratory approach based on a review of case studies in the literature, interviews with several economic development personnel and a few small and medium-size business managers. Benefits from the use of the IoT include increased efficiency in operations and reduced costs in businesses. The medium-size businesses interviewed have verified these benefits. However, the majority of economic development personnel and small businesses interviewed did not have much or any awareness of what IoT technologies were or their potential benefits.
The geographical network of international migration
Authors: Kincses Aron , Tóth Géza
Published: January 2020

International migration offers a new field in which the results of network theory can be harvested. Through the migration countries’ networks (from where and to where migrants move), we have provided some of the most important tangible outcomes of network analysis in migration statistics.

 The results of this research establish that there are hubs of international migration. Global migration destinations draw international migrants from greater distances. Migration connectivity between countries is constantly increasing. At the same time, most countries have few connections with other countries through migration, while a few have many connections. This network is interconnected by hubs with multiple connectivity capabilities.
Strengthening Hollow Core Concrete Bridges with Deficient Transverse Hinge Joints with a Steel and Concrete Composite Anchorage System
Authors: Jin Hui , Jiang Hanwan , Jiang Ruinian , Zhan Hanyu , Xu Yue
Published: January 2020

Hollow core concrete bridges have been widely constructed in China during the last two decades. The most simple span bridges, with standard lengths of 13 m, 16 m and 20 m, are hollow core concrete bridges. For this type of bridge, the hollow core slabs are precast and simply lifted into place. After the prefabricated hollow core slabs are put in place, the embedded rebars extending from the prefabricated slabs are bound together and the concrete is poured into the space between the slabs, forming a lateral hinge joints between the slabs. A lot of hollow core concrete bridges built early in the 1990s have small hinge joints and very few rebars embedded to form strong lateral connections between the slabs. With an increase of overweight vehicles and the continuous aging of the structures, structural deficiencies such as intensive cracks running through the mid-span and severe deflection progress rapidly resulting in loss of structural capacity and even collapse. The failure of hollow core concrete bridges usually initiates from the failure of the hinge joints, which are the weakest links of the system. When the hinge joints start to lose their ability to hold the adjacent slabs securely, more and more vehicle loads are shifted onto the slabs with deficient hinge joints, which worsens the condition of the slabs and eventually results in systematic failure. To save the hollow core concrete bridges from failure, the authors propose an effective strengthening method to stop the progress of the deficiencies and improve the capacity of the structure.
Simulation Model to Support Security Screening Checkpoint Operations in Airport Terminals
Authors: Ruiz Emiliano , Cheu Ruey Long
Published: January 2020

Since 2001 the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has implemented security screening checkpoints (SSCPs) in the terminals of 440 airports in the U.S.A. The purpose of SSCPs is to prevent prohibited items from being brought onto aircraft. The screening procedure incurs delay to every traveler. This article reports the development of a discrete event simulation model capable of modeling the screening procedures within a SSCP in detail. The model replicates a SSCP at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (PHX) and represents the equipment and activities in the SSCP with 153 nodes, 106 links, two sources, two sinks, and 35 servers. The coded model was calibrated with field data collected primarily at PHX. The potential applications of the model were demonstrated via two experiments: (a) increasing the number of TSA staff; (b) reducing the number of screening lanes. The experiments demonstrated that this microscopic simulation approach captured the queue length and waiting time of every internal process within the SSCP. These performance data helped to identify the hot spots within the SSCP so that improvements to the waiting time could be made by focusing on the problematic components.
Perceived Quality of Bus Transit Services: A Route-Level Analysis
Authors: Nikel Connor , Eldeeb Gamal , Mohamed Moataz
Published: January 2020

Passengers’ perceptions of transit quality depend on their interactions with the service. However, given the varied operational features in any transit network, the perceived service quality is expected to vary between different types of operation. Recently, there has been an emphasis on addressing this issue and quantifying the variation in the perceived service quality at route level. In this respect, this study quantifies the perceived quality of bus services across different route types and user groups. A two-step cluster analysis is developed to classify bus routes based on their operational features, which is followed by a series of importance-performance analysis (IPA) models corresponding to each route type. The study is supported by a primary dataset collected from 1,883 users through an online survey in Hamilton, Canada. The emerging results indicate four predominant route types: core, standard, express, and local routes, each exhibiting a unique set of characteristics. The IPA models show an apparent variation in the perceived service quality from each route-type. In addition, there are clear indications of differential perception between passengers who use the service very frequently and other less frequent users. These results call for the consideration of variations in route level and user type in informing service quality improvements.