bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Flexible Dual‐Mode Capacitive Sensor for Highly Sensitive Touchless and Tactile Sensing in Human‐Machine Interactions
Authors: Liu Weijie , Xiang Feihe , Mei Deqing , Wang Yancheng
Published: November 2023

Human‐machine interaction(HMI) is extensively employed in various applications such as robotic control and augmented reality/virtual reality. However, HMIs are mainly based on single‐interaction mode, requiring bulky equipment to be worn or sustaining physical contact with the interfaces, resulting in limited interaction efficiency and intelligence. Here, it proposes a novel flexible dual‐mode capacitive sensor using 12 sensing units for touchless and tactile sensing during HMIs, the sensor has a labyrinth‐patterned electrode to improve the performance of proximity sensing and a truncated pyramid‐shaped porous hierarchical dielectric structure to improve the pressure sensing performance. The fabricated dual‐mode sensor is characterized by a high proximity detection range of up to 110 mm, the pressure detection range is from 0 to 200 kPa with a sensitivity of 0.464% kPa−1. Further, the dual‐mode sensor exhibits excellent discrimination between proximity and pressure signals, along with remarkable stability and repeatability. Then, a touchless‐tactile HMI platform is developed for real‐time control of robotics through accurate perception of touchless hand gestures and contact‐pressing interactions. This platform demonstrates the superior dual‐mode sensing performance of the sensor and validates its potential in future intelligent HMI scenarios.
Nutritional condition of wild and hatchery‐reared, green‐lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) spat used for aquaculture
Authors: Skelton Bradley M. , Múgica María , Zamora Leonardo N. , Delorme Natalí J. , Stanley Jenni A. , Jeffs Andrew G.
Published: November 2023

The nutritional condition of seed mussels (spat) at the time of seeding is thought to play a major role in influencing spat losses on mussel farms, with nutritionally compromised spat thought to be more likely to be lost from aquaculture substrata than those in good condition. New Zealand's Greenshell™ mussel (Perna canaliculus) aquaculture industry relies almost exclusively (∼85%) on wild caught spat, with the vast majority, typically > 90%, lost shortly after being seeded onto coastal mussel farms. This study sought to quantify the extent of the variability in the nutritional condition (i.e., calorific, protein, lipid and carbohydrate content) of samples of spat used by the Greenshell™ industry between 2014 and 2021 (i.e., wild caught and hatchery produced) as a first step towards determining whether variability in nutritional condition may be a significant contributor to the marked variation observed in spat performance after it is seeded onto coastal farms. All parameters measured were highly variable among wild spat samples, with all but lipid content varying, including for samples of wild spat harvested at different times within the same month. Furthermore, there were no clear patterns in the nutritional condition of spat across months or years, suggesting environmental factors that limit feeding during the harvest and transport of spat may be contributing to marked differences in the quality of spat being used by the industry to seed farms. These results provide a baseline for assessing the nutritional condition of Greenshell™ spat and point towards a need to develop interventions to improve the quality of wild spat supply for this industry to help and prevent the ongoing massive losses of spat from farms. These measures could include, testing nutritional condition of spat at harvest or prior to seeding, development of nursery culture methods and development of artificial spat feeds that have the potential to replace live phytoplankton during nursery culture.
Time to diagnosis in rapid exome/genome sequencing in the clinical inpatient setting
Authors: Schildt Alison , Stevenson David A. , Yu Linbo , Anguiano Beatriz , Suarez Carlos J.
Published: November 2023

Exome and genome sequencing are clinically available, with many laboratories offering expedited testing (e.g., “rapid” and “ultra‐rapid”). With the increase in uptake of expedited testing, there is a need for the development of inpatient protocols for best practices based on real‐life data. A retrospective 2‐year review (October 2019–November 2021) of the utilization of rapid exome and genome sequencing for inpatient cases at a tertiary care center using a utilization management tracking database with subsequent chart review was performed. Thirty‐three expedited “rapid/priority” exome/genome tests were performed clinically. The average total turnaround time (TAT) was 17.88 days (5–43 days) with an average TAT of 13.97 days (3–41 days) for the performing laboratory. There were 5 positive diagnostic results (15.2%), 3 likely positive diagnostic results (9%), 2 noncontributory results (6%), and 26 nondiagnostic results (69.7%). Real‐life data suggest that there is an approximately 3.91‐day lag in getting samples to the performing laboratory. Although laboratories may advertise their expected TAT, a number of factors can potentially impact the actual time from test order placement to communication of the results for clinical use. Understanding the points of delay will enable the development of internal protocols and policies to improve time to diagnosis.
How reactions to a brain scan result differ for adults based on self‐identified Black and White race
Authors: Stites Shana D. , Largent Emily A. , Schumann Rosalie , Harkins Kristin , Sankar Pamela , Krieger Abba
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION

How do reactions to a brain scan result differ between Black and White adults? The answer may inform efforts to reduce disparities in Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis and treatment.

METHODS

Self‐identified Black (n = 1055) and White (n = 1451) adults were randomized to a vignette of a fictional patient at a memory center who was told a brain scan result. Measures of stigma and diagnosis confidence were compared between‐groups.

RESULTS

Black participants reported more stigma than White participants on four of seven domains in reaction to the patient at a memory center visit. Black participants’ confidence in an AD diagnosis informed by a brain scan and other assessments was 72.2 points (95% confidence interval [CI] 70.4 to 73.5), which was lower than the respective rating for White participants [78.1 points (95%CI 77.0 to 79.3)].

DISCUSSION

Equitable access to early AD diagnosis will require public outreach and education that address AD stigma associated with a memory center visit.
Click to Self‐immolation: A “Click” Functionalization Strategy towards Triggerable Self‐Immolative Homopolymers and Block Copolymers
Authors: Deng Zhengyu , Liang Xiaoli , Gillies Elizabeth R.
Published: November 2023

Self‐immolative polymers (SIPs) are a class of degradable macromolecules that undergo stimuli‐triggered head‐to‐tail depolymerization. However, a general approach to readily end‐functionalize SIP precursors for programmed degradation remains elusive, restricting access to complex, functional SIP‐based materials. Here we present a “click to self‐immolation” strategy based on aroyl azide‐capped SIP precursors, enabling the facile construction of diverse SIPs with different trigger units through a Curtius rearrangement and alcohol/thiol‐isocyanate “click” reaction. This strategy is also applied to polymer‐polymer coupling to access fully depolymerizable block copolymer amphiphiles, even combining different SIP backbones. Our results demonstrate that the depolymerization can be actuated efficiently under physiologically‐relevant conditions by the removal of the trigger units and ensuing self‐immolation of the p‐aminobenzyl carbonate linkage, indicating promise for controlled release applications involving nanoparticles and hydrogels.
Cable Bacteria Skeletons as Catalytically Active Electrodes
Authors: Digel Leonid , Mierzwa Maciej , Bonné Robin , Zieger Silvia E. , Pavel Ileana‐Alexandra , Ferapontova Elena , Koren Klaus , Boesen Thomas , Harnisch Falk , Marshall Ian P. G. , Nielsen Lars Peter , Kuhn Alexander
Published: November 2023

Cable bacteria are multicellular, filamentous bacteria that use internal conductive fibers to transfer electrons over centimeter distances from donors within anoxic sediment layers to oxygen at the surface. We extracted the fibers and used them as free‐standing bio‐based electrodes to investigate their electrocatalytic behavior. The fibers catalyzed the reversible interconversion of oxygen and water, and an electric current was running through the fibers even when the potential difference was generated solely by a gradient of oxygen concentration. Oxygen reduction as well as oxygen evolution were confirmed by optical measurements. Within living cable bacteria, oxygen reduction by direct electrocatalysis on the fibers and not by membrane‐bound proteins readily explains exceptionally high cell‐specific oxygen consumption rates observed in the oxic zone, while electrocatalytic water oxidation may provide oxygen to cells in the anoxic zone.
A Highly Bright Near‐Infrared Afterglow Luminophore for Activatable Ultrasensitive In Vivo Imaging
Authors: Yang Li , Zhao Min , Chen Wan , Zhu Jieli , Xu Weina , Li Qing , Pu Kanyi , Miao Qingqing
Published: November 2023

Afterglow luminescence imaging probes, with long‐lived emission after cessation of light excitation, have drawn increasing attention in biomedical imaging field owing to their elimination of autofluorescence. However, current afterglow agents always suffer from an unsatisfactory signal intensity and complex systems consisting of multiple ingredients. To address these issues, this study reports a near‐infrared (NIR) afterglow luminophore (TPP‐DO) by chemical conjugation of an afterglow substrate and a photosensitizer acting as both an afterglow initiator and an energy relay unit into a single molecule, resulting in an intramolecular energy transfer process to improve the afterglow brightness. The constructed TPP‐DO NPs emit a strong NIR afterglow luminescence with a signal intensity of up to 108 p/s/cm2/sr at a low concentration of 10 μM and a low irradiation power density of 0.05 W/cm2, which is almost two orders of magnitude higher than most existing organic afterglow probes. The highly bright NIR afterglow luminescence with minimized background from TPP‐DO NPs allows a deep tissue penetration depth ability. Moreover, we develop a GSH‐activatable afterglow probe (Q‐TPP‐DO NPs) for ultrasensitive detection of subcutaneous tumor with the smallest tumor volume of 0.048 mm3, demonstrating the high potential for early diagnosis and imaging‐guided surgical resection of tumors.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Non‐Solvated Dialkylalumanyl Anion and XPS Characterization of Al(I) and Al(II) Species**
Authors: Kurumada Satoshi , Yamanashi Ryotaro , Sugita Kengo , Kubota Koji , Ito Hajime , Ikemoto Satoru , Chen Chaoqi , Moriyama Takumi , Muratsugu Satoshi , Tada Mizuki , Koitaya Takanori , Ozaki Taisuke , Yamashita Makoto
Published: November 2023

A non‐solvated alkyl‐substituted Al(I) anion dimer was synthesized by a reduction of haloalumane precursor using a mechanochemical method. The crystallographic and theoretical analysis revealed its structure and electronic properties. Experimental XPS analysis of the Al(I) anions with reference compounds revealed the lower Al 2p binding energy corresponds to the lower oxidation state of Al species. It should be emphasized that the experimentally obtained XPS binding energies were reproduced by delta SCF calculations and were linearly correlated with NPA charges and 2p orbital energies.
Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction Using Palladium Catalysts Supported on Phosphine Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica
Authors: Iizuka Kosuke , Maegawa Yoshifumi , Shimoyama Yoshihiro , Sakamoto Kei , Kayakiri Natsuko , Goto Yasutomo , Naganawa Yuki , Tanaka Shinji , Yoshida Masaru , Inagaki Shinji , Nakajima Yumiko
Published: November 2023

Phosphine periodic mesoporous organosilicas (R‐P‐PMO‐TMS: R=Ph, tBu), which possess electron‐donating alkyl substituents on the phosphorus atom, were synthesized using bifunctional compounds with alkoxysilyl‐ and phosphino groups, bis[3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl]phenylphosphine borane (1 a) and bis[3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl]‐tert‐butylphosphine borane (1 b). Immobilization of Pd(0) species was performed to give R‐P‐Pd‐PMO‐TMS: R=Ph (2 a), tBu (3 a), respectively. The Pd(0) immobilized 2 a and 3 a were applicable as catalysts for Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions of aryl chlorides with phenylboronic acid. It was revealed that 3 a bearing more electron‐donating tBu groups exhibited higher catalytic activity. Various functional groups including both electron withdrawing and donating substituents were compatible in the system. The recyclability of 3 a was examined to support its moderate utility for the recycle use.
Validation of a Cox prognostic model for tooth autotransplantation
Authors: Yoshino Toshiya , Yoshizawa Michiko , Aoyama Shoko , Sugai‐Toyama Toshiko , Niimi Kanae , Kitamura Nobutaka , Kobayashi Tadaharu
Published: November 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to validate our Cox proportional hazards prognostic model for autotransplantation of teeth with complete root formation using prognostic index (PI) and determine whether the prognosis can be predicted.

Patients and Methods

The Protocol group, as a training data set for validation, consisted of 259 autotransplanted teeth to create a PI using the Cox model, as described previously. The Pre‐protocol group, as the first validation data set, consisted of 95 autotransplanted teeth treated without a protocol. The Post‐protocol group, as the second validation data set, consisted of 61 autotransplanted teeth obtained after the establishment of the prognostic model. Because four prognostic factors, including history of root canal treatment (yes), number of roots (multirooted), source of donor tooth (maxillary tooth), and duration of edentulism (≥2.5 months), were selected as a Cox prognostic model, 16 patterns of PI were constructed. First, the autotransplantated teeth in the Protocol group were divided into low‐ and high‐risk groups respectively according to the median of PI as the cutoff value. The survival curves of low‐ and high‐risk groups were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and tested using the log‐rank test. Then, in the Pre‐ and Post‐protocol groups, all transplanted teeth were divided into low‐and high‐risk teeth by the median of PI and the survival curves of low‐ and high‐ risk teeth were analyzed statistically in a similar manner.

Results

The survival curves of the low‐ and high‐risk groups diverged significantly in the Protocol and Post‐protocol groups. In the Pre‐protocol group, the curves of the low‐ and high‐risk groups were separated, and the low‐risk survival rate was improved.

Conclusions

Our Cox prognostic model for autotransplantation of teeth with complete root formation was useful in predicting the prognosis by external validation using PI.
The ecohydrological response to soil moisture based on the distributed hydrological assimilation model in the mountain region
Authors: Li Yibo , Cong Zhentao , Yang Dawen
Published: November 2023

In the mountain region, there is high spatial variability of soil moisture, which limited soil moisture sites may not express. Data assimilation methods can combine the advantages of model simulation and data observation. This study constructs the distribution of soil moisture based on the distributed hydrological assimilation model and explores the ecohydrological response to soil moisture in the mountain region. The relationship between the coefficient of variation and mean soil moisture shows a hysteresis pattern. The terrain conditions where high soil moisture occurs in the study area are an altitude of about 3500 m, a gentle slope, and a shady slope. The low value of soil moisture is characterized by banded aggregation distribution. There is an initial threshold for the contribution of soil moisture to watershed runoff, and the threshold value in the study area of this paper is 0.28 cm3/cm3. The regions with dense vegetation exhibit higher spatial variability in soil moisture. Vegetation plays a heterogeneous role in the spatial variability of soil moisture when precipitation events occur. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of ecohydrological processes by providing regional‐scale data and uncovering the relationships between soil moisture and various ecohydrological factors.
Association between white blood cell‐to‐haemoglobin ratio and 30 day mortality in heart failure in intensive care unit
Authors: Ren Li , Li Zhaoling , Duan Lian , Gao Jialiang , Qi Lianfen
Published: November 2023

Aims

The short‐term mortality of heart failure (HF) patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) is reported to be high. This study aims to explore the association between white blood cell‐to‐haemoglobin ratio (WHR) and 30 day mortality from the admission to the ICU.

Methods and results

This retrospective cohort study was performed based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC‐III) database (2001–12) and MIMIC‐IV database (2008–19). Covariables were selected using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Based on the optimal cutoff point selected using the survminer package, WHR was divided into high‐ratio group (≥1.6) and low‐ratio group (<1.6). The association between WHR and the risk of 30 day mortality was explored using univariate and multivariable Cox regression models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the prediction performance of WHR. A total of 13 702 patients were included. After adjusting the potential covariates, high WHR was associated with a greater risk of 30 day mortality compared with low WHR [hazard ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–1.27, P < 0.001]. WHR also showed a good performance for the prediction of risk of 30 day mortality (AUC = 0.751, 95% CI: 0.746–0.756).

Conclusions

WHR was positively associated with and performed well to predict 30 day mortality, indicating that WHR may be a reliable index to assess the prognosis of HF patients admitted to the ICU.
Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors in acute heart failure: real‐world prescription trends and outcomes analysis
Authors: Mizobuchi Saki , Saito Yuki , Kitano Daisuke , Toyama Kazuto , Miyagawa Masatsugu , Koyama Yutaka , Fujito Hidesato , Kojima Keisuke , Murata Nobuhiro , Fukamachi Daisuke , Okumura Yasuo
Published: November 2023

Aims

Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have shown potential therapeutic benefits in heart failure (HF). However, data on their real‐world usage and benefits in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) are limited.

Methods and results

We conducted a post hoc analysis of real‐world data from 1108 patients with ADHF admitted to Nihon University Itabashi Hospital (Tokyo, Japan) between 2018 and 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on the prescription of SGLT2 inhibitors during hospitalization: an SGLT2 inhibitor group (SGLT2i group) (n = 289) and a non‐SGLT2i group (n = 819). The primary endpoints were death and rehospitalization for HF after discharge. The median age was 76 [interquartile range (IQR): 66, 83] years, and 732 patients (66%) were male. Data showed an increasing trend in the prescription of SGLT2 inhibitors since 2021. During a median follow‐up period of 366 days (IQR: 116, 614), 458 (41.3%) patients reached the primary endpoint. The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the SGLT2i group had a significantly lower rate of composite events than the non‐SGLT2i group, both overall (log‐rank test, P < 0.001) and in the following left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) subgroups: HF with reduced ejection fraction (EF) (n = 413), HF with mildly reduced EF (n = 226), and HF with preserved EF (n = 466) (log‐rank test; P = 0.044, P = 0.013, and P = 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, patients starting SGLT2 inhibitors during hospitalization had a significantly lower rate of composite events than those not using SGLT2 inhibitors (log‐rank test, P < 0.001). This association was also significant in the LVEF subgroups (P = 0.005, P = 0.032, and P = 0.004, respectively).

Conclusions

The prescription and initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors during hospitalization are associated with improved post‐discharge outcomes in patients with ADHF, irrespective of LVEF.
Oxidative Cleavage and Ring Reconstruction for the Synthesis of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloid Analogues
Authors: Jansa Petr , Císařová Ivana , Matoušová Eliška
Published: November 2023

This study presents the synthesis of analogues of bioactive Amaryllidaceae alkaloids that contain a five‐membered ring C and a quaternary carbon centre. The synthesis was carried out in a divergent manner, starting from a common intermediate, keto aldehyde 1 a. This intermediate was obtained by oxidative cleavage of a carbocyclic ring present in the previously synthesised tetracyclic compounds. Subsequent closure of a new heterocyclic ring B using different methods led to products with structural cores found in naturally occurring alkaloids such as pretazettine, tazettine or macronine. In addition, an analogue of egonine was prepared from the same intermediate. Our approach thus provides access to multiple structural types of potentially bioactive molecules.
An examination and prospect of stabilizing Li metal anode in lithium–sulfur batteries: A review of latest progress
Authors: Song Bingyan , Su Laisuo , Liu Xi , Gao Wanjie , Wang Tao , Ma Yuan , Zhong Yiren , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Zhu Zhi , He Jiarui , Wu Yuping
Published: November 2023

The Li metal anode emerges as a formidable competitor among anode materials for lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries; nevertheless, safety issues pose a significant hurdle in its path toward commercial viability. This review enumerates three historical challenges inherent to the Li metal anode: unavoidable volume expansion, multifunctional solid electrolyte interface formation, and uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth. In particular, when paired with a sulfur cathode, the Li anode presents an additional unique hurdle: the shuttle effect. To address these issues, this article offers a thorough examination of the latest innovations aimed at stabilizing the Li metal anode within Li‐S batteries. We categorize these approaches into five classifications: liquid electrolyte optimization, enhancement of non‐liquid‐state electrolytes, Li metal surface modification, Li anode architecture design, and Li alloy improvement. For several noteworthy results within these categories, we have compiled their electrochemical performance into tables, facilitating direct comparison. This detailed analysis illuminates feasible strategies and suggests directions warranting further exploration for optimizing the capability and safety of Li metal anodes in Li‐S batteries.
Survival, Growth, and Reproduction Responses in a Three-Generation Exposure of the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) to Perfluorooctane Sulfonate
Authors: Gust Kurt A. , Mylroie J. Erik , Kimble Ashley N. , Wilbanks Mitchell S. , Steward Catherine S. C. , Chapman Kacy A. , Jensen Kathleen M. , Kennedy Alan J. , Krupa Paige M. , Waisner Scott A. , Pandelides Zacharias , Garcia-Reyero Natalia , Erickson Russell J. , Ankley Gerald T. , Conder Jason , Moore David W.
Published: November 2023

A prior multigenerational perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure investigation in zebrafish reported adverse effects at 0.734 µg/L, among the lowest aquatic effect levels for PFOS reported to date. The present three-generation PFOS exposure quantified survival, growth, reproduction, and vitellogenin (VTG; egg yolk protein) responses in zebrafish, incorporating experimental design and procedural improvements relative to the earlier study. Exposures targeting 0.1, 0.6, 3.2, 20, and 100 µg/L in parental (P) and first filial (F1) generations lasted for 180 days post fertilization (dpf) and the second filial generation (F2) through 16 dpf. Survival decreased significantly in P and F2 generation exposures, but not in F1, at the highest PFOS treatment (100 µg/L nominal, 94–205 µg/L, measured). Significant adverse effects on body weight and length were infrequent, of low magnitude, and occurred predominantly at the highest exposure treatment. Finally, PFOS had no significant effects on P or F1 egg production and survival or whole-body VTG levels in P or F1 male fish. Overall, the predominance and magnitude of adverse PFOS effects at <1 µg/L reported in prior research were largely nonrepeatable in the present study. In contrast, the present study indicated a threshold for ecologically relevant adverse effects in zebrafish at 117 µg/L (SE 8 µg/L, n = 10) for survival and 47 µg/L (SE 11 µg/L, n = 19) for all statistically significant negative effects observed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:115–131. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
High‐grade intraductal carcinoma of the parotid gland harboring CTNNA1::ALK rearrangement: Changes in genetic status using genetic testing during treatment with an ALK inhibitor
Authors: Watanabe Takane , Honma Yoshitaka , Yonemori Kan , Sunami Kuniko , Yoshimoto Seiichi , Mori Taisuke
Published: November 2023

Background

Salivary gland carcinomas harboring anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements are rare. Here, we present the pathological characteristics, clinical course, and changes in the genetic status of a salivary gland carcinoma harboring a catenin alpha 1 (CTNNA1)::ALK rearrangement during treatment with an ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI).

Methods

A 59‐year‐old man with a parotid tumor and cervical lymph node metastases underwent total parotidectomy and radical neck dissection. One month after completion of postoperative radiotherapy, the patient experienced multiple recurrences.

Results

Subsequent treatment with the ALK‐TKI alectinib was initially effective against the intraductal carcinoma harboring CTNNA1::ALK rearrangement and TP53 mutation. However, 10 months later the patients' condition deteriorated, and an additional phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) mutation was detected. The patient ultimately succumbed to multiple organ failure.

Conclusion

The clinical course suggested the concurrent emergence of TP53 and PIK3CA mutations and ALK‐TKI drug‐selective growth of non‐ALK rearrangement gene tumor cells.
Prognosis and complete remission rate of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma patients in standard R‐CHOP with reduction of vincristine: A retrospective study
Authors: Riasi Fatemeh , Ataei Azimi Sajjad , Allahyari Abolghasem , Moeini Nodeh Mohammad , Shakeri Mohammad T. , Kamandi Mostafa
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims

The effect of stopping or reducing the dose of vincristine in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) on the outcome and prognosis of the disease is still in doubt. The present study aimed to investigate and compare the prognosis and complete remission of two R‐CHOP treatment regimens with and without vincristine reduction in DLBCL patients.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted on newly diagnosed DLBCL patients during 2018–2021. The patients were over 18 years of age, had been histologically confirmed by a pathologist, and were under treatment with R‐CHOP regimen. The clinical information of the subjects as well as the number of treatment courses were extracted from their medical records and then compared.

Results

Overall, 269 patients with DLBCL were included in this study, 15.99% of whom (n = 43) had vincristine reduction. There was no significant difference between the studied factors regarding the reduction of vincristine and the complete R‐CHOP regimen (p > 0.05). Besides, no difference was observed in the 1‐year overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) of the patients in the two groups treated with R‐CHOP regimen with and without vincristine reduction (p > 0.05). The complete remission rates of the patients treated with R‐CHOP regimen with and without vincristine (p > 0.05) were not different either. The results of the Cox multivariate regression showed that reducing the dose of vincristine from the R‐CHOP treatment regimen had no relationship with the 1‐year OS and PFS of the DLBCL patients (hazard ratio [HR]OS = 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.67–0.690, HRPFS = 1.67, 95% CI: 0.798–3.82).

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that the reduction of vincristine from the R‐CHOP regimen in the DLBCL patients was not likely to make a difference in the 1‐year OS and PFS of the patients. However, further studies are needed on the issue.
A prediction model for the progression from gestational hypertension to pre‐eclampsia complicated with HELLP syndrome
Authors: Li Zhaoqi , Dai Ying , Yun Lin , Guo Wei
Published: November 2023

Objective

HELLP syndrome is a severe complication of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy that can cause multiple organ dysfunction and maternal death in a short period of time. Although HELLP syndrome is more common in patients with pre‐eclampsia (PE), there is currently no effective way to identify high‐risk individuals who may progress from gestational hypertension (GH) to PE complicated with HELLP syndrome. This study aimed to establish and validate a prediction model for PE complicated with HELLP syndrome, providing a basis for early detection and identification of high‐risk individuals in clinical practice.

Methods

This retrospective case–control study collected data on 326 patients with GH and 139 patients with PE complicated with HELLP syndrome from January 2015 to December 2019. An additional 206 patients with GH and 70 patients with PE complicated with HELLP syndrome who were treated from January 2020 to December 2022 were collected for external validation. General and clinical data were collected, and single‐and multiple‐factor logistic regression analyses were used to screen for independent factors affecting PE complicated with HELLP syndrome. The diagnostic performance of different indicators was evaluated using ROC curves. A prediction model for PE complicated with HELLP syndrome was constructed, and its efficacy was verified using ROC curves.

Results

The results of single‐factor analysis showed that age, SBP, DBP, MAP, hemoglobin, AST, ALT, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma‐glutamyl transferase, total protein, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, BUN, UA, creatinine, APTT, international normalized ratio of prothrombin, D‐dimer, fibrinogen, fibrinogen degradation products, Ca, and aspartate‐aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) were factors influencing PE with HELLP syndrome. The results of multiple‐factor logistic regression analysis showed that MAP, APRI, CHE, FDP, and Ca were independent factors affecting PE complicated with HELLP syndrome. Based on these results, a prediction model was established, with Y = 9.861 + 2.998APRI + 0.055MAP + 0.014FDP − 0.005CHE − 7.452*Ca.

Conclusions

The predictive model for PE complicated with HELLP syndrome includes APRI, MAP, FDP, CHE, and Ca. This model can be used as a quantitative tool for predicting and evaluating the development of GH into PE complicated with HELLP syndrome.
Can orange colour facilitate the processing of happiness? An exploration study on happiness metaphor
Authors: Hui Qi , Kong Feng , Lin Shanyan , Li Yuan , You Xuqun
Published: November 2023

Colour is a ubiquitous perceptual stimulus, and theoretical models of colour and psychological functioning posit that colour plays a key role in influencing the behaviour and mental function of a person. One investigation and two experiments investigated the colour metaphor representation of happiness concepts and the mapping mode of the colour metaphor of happiness concepts. A questionnaire was conducted to explore the relationship between colour preference and happiness. Study 2 shows that the identification of happiness words was facilitated more when words were viewed on an orange background than when viewed on a blue background. Study 3 further verifies the links of the connection between colour and happiness at the sentence level, and the orange‐happiness facilitation effect was replicated. These results document a novel influence of colour on emotion recognition processes, where an orange background may facilitate the processing of the concept of happiness and provide support for conceptual metaphor theory and colour‐in‐context theory.
Optical clearing of human skin: Molecular modeling and in vivo OCT study
Authors: Berezin K. V. , Grabarchuk E. V. , Lichter A. M. , Dvoretski K. N. , Tuchin V. V.
Published: November 2023

The results of in vivo immersion optical clearing of human skin under the action of two different optical clearing agents (OCAs), such as an aqueous sucrose solution and a radiographic contrast agent Omnipaque™ 300 (iohexol), were obtained with the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) method. The rate of reduction of light scattering coefficient, obtained through an averaged A‐scan of the OCT image in the region of dermis within the depths from 350 to 700 μm, were determined to evaluate the efficiency of optical clearing (EOC). The correlations between the EOC and the energy of intermolecular interaction of OCAs with a fragment of collagen peptide have been established as a result of molecular modeling by quantum chemistry methods HF/STO3G/DFT/B3LYP/6—311G(d) of a number of OCAs (glycerol, iohexol, sucrose, ribose, fructose, glucose) with mimetic peptide of collagen (GPH)3.
Glia‐specific expression of neuropeptide receptor Lgr4 regulates development and adult physiology in Drosophila
Authors: Miao Hongyu , Wei Yanan , Lee Seung Gee , Wu Zekun , Kaur Jasdeep , Kim Woo Jae
Published: November 2023

Similar to the human brain, Drosophila glia may well be divided into several subtypes that each carries out specific functions. Glial GPCRs play key roles in crosstalk between neurons and glia. Drosophila Lgr4 (dLgr4) is a human relaxin receptor homolog involved in angiogenesis, cardiovascular regulation, collagen remodeling, and wound healing. A recent study suggests that ilp7 might be the ligand for Lgr4 and regulates escape behavior of Drosophila larvae. Here we demonstrate that Drosophila Lgr4 expression in glial cells, not neurons, is necessary for early development, adult behavior, and lifespan. Reducing the Lgr4 level in glial cells disrupts Drosophila development, while knocking down other LGR family members in glia has no impact. Adult‐specific knockdown of Lgr4 in glia but not neurons reduce locomotion, male reproductive success, and animal longevity. The investigation of how glial expression of Lgr4 contributes to this behavioral alteration will increase our understanding of how insulin signaling via glia selectively modulates neuronal activity and behavior.
Mechanisms for Affect Communication from Dance: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Stutesman Megan G. , Goldstein Thalia R.
Published: November 2023

Dance is a multifaceted creative act that has been used to communicate emotions throughout human evolution. Despite this history, there has been no empirical exploration of components of dance that allow it to communicate emotion. We address this with a mixed methods study in which a quantitative study with dance viewers builds upon qualitative findings with dance artists. Qualitative analysis revealed proposed components of dance responsible for emotion communication are narrative content, social interaction, emotion portrayal intent, and textural quality of movement. These elements were then manipulated using dance video stimuli to quantitatively test viewers' emotion perception accuracy. Results revealed emotion portrayal intent (i.e., expression intent in dance creation) is an important factor for viewers to accurately perceive emotion, regardless of narrative content. While prior studies have focused on the perceiver's role in emotion perception from dance, this is the first study to demonstrate emotions are perceived from dance based on intent during dance creation. Findings highlight the nuanced structure of emotion communication in dance, for which we pose a theoretical framework. Together, dance holds possibilities for studying distinct mechanisms for creative communication that may be important for the study of generalized affect communication outside of creative arts contexts.
Differentiation through E‐nose and GC‐FID data modeling of rosé sparkling wines elaborated via traditional and Charmat methods
Authors: Muñoz‐Castells Raquel , Modesti Margherita , Moreno‐García Jaime , Rodríguez‐Moreno María , Catini Alexandro , Capuano Rosamaria , Di Natale Corrado , Bellincontro Andrea , Moreno Juan
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

The growing demand for rosé sparkling wine has led to an increase in its production. Traditional or Charmat wine‐making influence the aromatic profiles in wine. An analysis such as gas chromatography makes an accurate assessment of wines based on volatile detection but is resource intensive. On the other hand, the electronic nose (E‐nose) has emerged as a versatile tool, offering rapid, cost‐effective discrimination of wines, and contributing insights into quality and production processes because of its aptitude to perform a global aromatic pattern evaluation. In the present study, rosé sparkling wines were produced using both methods and major volatile compounds and polyols were measured. Wines were tested by E‐nose and predictive modelling was performed to distinguish them.

RESULTS

Volatile profiles showed differences between Charmat and traditional methods, especially at 5 months of aging. A partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) was carried out on E‐nose detections, obtaining a model that describes 94% of the variability, separating samples in different clusters and correctly identifying different classes. The differences derived from PLS‐DA clustering agree with the results obtained by gas‐chromatography. Moreover, a principal components regression model was built to verify the ability of the E‐nose to non‐destructively predict the amount of different volatiles analyzed.

CONCLUSION

Production methods of Rosé sparkling wine affect the final wine aroma profiles as a result of the differences in terms of volatiles. The PLS‐DA of the data obtained with E‐nose reveals that distinguishing between Charmat and traditional methods is possible. Moreover, predictive models using gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection analysis and E‐nose highlight the possibility of fast and efficient prediction of volatiles from the E‐nose. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Structural and rheological characterization of water‐soluble and alkaline‐soluble fibers from hulless barley
Authors: Xu Yuting , Liu Xiaoning , Ma Mengting , Wang Mingming , Hua Weifeng , Yao Tianming , Sui Zhongquan
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Highland hulless barley has garnered attention as a promising economic product and a potential healthy food ingredient. The present study aimed to comprehensively investigate the molecular structure of extractable fibers obtained from a specific highland hulless barley. Water‐soluble fiber (WSF) and alkaline‐soluble fiber (ASF) were extracted using enzymatic digestion and an alkaline method, respectively. The purified fibers underwent a thorough investigation for their structural characterization.

RESULTS

The monosaccharide composition revealed that WSF primarily consisted of glucose (91.7%), whereas ASF was composed of arabinose (54.5%) and xylose (45.5%), indicating the presence of an arabinoxylan molecule with an A/X ratio of 1.2. The refined structural information was further confirmed through methylation, 1H NMR and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. WSF fiber exclusively exhibited α‐anomeric patterns, suggesting it was an α‐glucan. It has a low molecular weight of 5 kDa, as determined by gel permeation chromatography. Conversely, ASF was identified as a heavily branched arabinoxylan with 41.55% of ‘→2,3,4)‐Xylp‐(1→’ linkages. ASF and WSF exhibited notable differences in their morphology, water absorption capabilities and rheological properties.

CONCLUSION

Based on these findings, molecular models of WSF and ASF were proposed. The deep characterization of these fiber structures provides valuable insights into their physicochemical and functional properties, thereby unlocking their potential applications in the food industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enantioselective Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Tyrosine, Tryptophan, and Phenylalanine, and the Possibility of the Crop‐Circle‐Like Imprinting
Authors: Cho Min Gi , Hyeong Seonghoon , Park Kyung Kgi , Chough Sung Hyo
Published: November 2023

Molecularly imprinted polymer (L‐MIP) for L‐tyrosine (L‐Tyr) is prepared by the complexation between quaternized poly(4‐vinylpyridine/divinylbenzene) (QVP) and poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) (PAmA) in alkaline solution. The L‐MIP shows higher enantioselectivity for L‐isomers of tyrosine, together with tryptophan (Trp) and phenylalanine (Phe) compared to the D‐isomers of them. The sorption isotherms of the three D‐enantiomers are converged to one isotherm. It can reflect that the sorption of D‐enantiomers can be relied mainly on the common segment, ‐CH2‐CH(NH2)‐COOH, neglecting any effect of bulkier aromatic groups. The imprinted common segment can be opened on the surface of MIP from the D‐enantiomers. For the L‐enantiomers, the sorption discrepancies are depended on the size of the aromatic group implying that the phenolic moiety of L‐Tyr can be also opened. Thus, the imprinted sites are proposed to be opened on the surface of L‐MIP similar to the crop‐circle‐like. The enantioselectivity factors, αef = QL/QD, for Tyr, Trp, and Phe are 1.52, 1.30, and 1.52 for L‐ to D‐isomers, respectively. And the uptake differences between D‐ and L‐enantiomers of Tyr, Trp, and Phe are 31.8, 20.7, and 29 mg per 1 g MIP, respectively.
Invariance of the microsupport of some evolution problems
Authors: Hadj Kaddour Tayeb , Hakem Ali
Published: November 2023

This paper is devoted to prove the invariance of the microsupport under the influence of the evolution of the solution in
of the following Cauchy problem:

where
is a semiclassical parameter,
and
(
) is a pseudo‐differential operator of symbol

where
as
and
is real valued, that is,
Science and opinion in decision making: A case study of the food security collapse in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijerathna‐Yapa Akila , Henry Robert J. , Dunn Matt , Beveridge Christine A.
Published: November 2023

Making decisions related to security, whether at the community, national, or regional level, is a highly intricate task. This requires a multi‐criteria decision‐making approach that incorporates inputs from various perspectives, including those of science, culture, economics, sustainability, and climate change. In order to make successful decisions, it is imperative to compare alternatives and rank the consequences and relative impacts associated with each option. Such comparisons and rankings require a careful balance of evidence‐based scientific data and diverse opinions. The recent scenario of the food security collapse in Sri Lanka provides a poignant reminder of the importance of this decision‐making process and the consequences of unacknowledged or unidentified misinformation. Sri Lanka responded to an unexplained health condition and a desire to enter a new sales market by swiftly transitioning to organic farming. However, this abrupt change led to the rapid collapse of Sri Lanka's food supply, a significant decline in GDP, and hardships for both rural and urban communities. While the government eventually reversed its policy, Sri Lanka faced challenges in recovery. It is evident that disinformation and misinformation played a role in this unfortunate situation. This paper offers an in‐depth exploration of the events, underlining the necessity to distinguish between disinformation and misinformation in policy development.
Burden of illness and costs in patients with myasthenia gravis currently receiving treatment in the United States
Authors: Parthan A. , Royston M. , Thanataveerat A. , East E. L. , Parzynski C. S. , Habib A. A.
Published: November 2023

Introduction/Aims

If myasthenia gravis (MG) symptoms are inadequately controlled, patients may experience exacerbations or life‐threatening myasthenic crises. Patients with inadequately controlled MG symptoms tend to be treated with chronic intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy and/or multiple immunosuppressant therapies (ISTs). This study aimed to examine disease burden, healthcare resource utilization, and associated costs in these patients.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study using a claims database. Patients with MG were classified into three cohorts based on treatment over a 1‐y follow‐up period: (a) treated with four or more IVIg episodes (chronic IVIg cohort); (b) received two or more non‐steroidal ISTs (NSISTs) sequentially (multiple NSIST cohort); (c) received neither chronic IVIg nor multiple NSISTs (reference cohort). Incidences of crises and exacerbations and annual healthcare costs in each cohort were estimated.

Results

In total, 3516 patients with MG were included in the analysis. Compared with the reference cohort (n = 2992), the MG crisis rate was approximately twice as high in both the chronic IVIg (n = 324) and multiple NSIST (n = 291) cohorts (p < 0.001); and the MG exacerbation rate was approximately four‐fold higher in the chronic IVIg cohort (p < 0.001) and three‐fold higher in the multiple NSIST cohort (p < 0.001). Median annual MG‐related inflation‐adjusted total healthcare costs were higher in the chronic IVIg ($81,900) and multiple NSIST ($30,300) cohorts than in the reference cohort ($2540).

Discussion

The burden of crises/exacerbations was substantially higher and healthcare costs were considerably greater in patients with MG treated with chronic IVIg or multiple NSISTs than in patients not receiving these treatments.
Un(der)rated: Nonprofit leader gender and external accreditations of transparency
Authors: Lee Young‐joo
Published: November 2023

The gender‐ethics theory posits that female leaders' higher ethical standards contribute to an improved culture of transparency within an organization. This study examines if the positive implication of women's leadership for organizational transparency replicates in the context of an external accreditation of transparency, using the case of GuideStar's Seal of Transparency (SOT). Unlike what gender‐ethic theory suggests, the results reveal that nonprofits led by female CEOs are not only less likely to have an SOT, but the gap based on CEO gender also increases for higher‐level seals. This study explains the contradiction using concepts of the gender leadership gap and gender differences in the pursuit of external accreditations.