bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonconvex multi-view subspace clustering via simultaneously learning the representation tensor and affinity matrix*
Authors: Li Minghui , Li Wen , Xiao Mingqing
Published: August 2022

Multi-view subspace clustering, which aims to partition a dataset into its relevant subspaces based on their multi-view features, has been widely applied to identify various characteristics of datasets. The typical model of multi-view subspace clustering in literature often makes use of the nuclear norm to seek the underlying low-rank representation. However, due to the sum property of the singular values defined by tensor nuclear norm, the existing multi-view subspace clustering does not well handle the noise and the illumination variations embedded in multi-view data. To address and improve the robustness and clustering performance, we propose a new nonconvex multi-view subspace clustering model via tensor minimax concave penalty (MCP) approximation associated with rank minimization (NMSC-MCP), which can simultaneously construct the low-rank representation tensor and affinity matrix in a unified framework. Specifically, the nonconvex MCP approximation rank function is adopted to as a tighter tensor rank approximation to discriminate the dimension of features so that better accuracy can be achieved. In addition, we also address the local structure by including both hyper-Laplacian regularization and auto-weighting scheme into the objective function to promote the clustering performance. A corresponding iterative algorithm is then developed to solve the proposed model and the constructed iterative sequence generated by the proposed algorithm is shown to converge to the desirable KKT critical point. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets have demonstrate the highly desirable effectiveness of our proposed method.
Establishment and verification of resistance temperature coefficient model of P-type non-uniformly doped resistance
Authors: Gao Chengwu , Zhang Dacheng
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a first-order average temperature coefficient of resistance (

TC

R

ave

) calculation model is established and analyzed based on the distribution of piezoresistive doping concentration in bulk silicon. Furthermore, by extracting the experimental results of the first-order

TC

R

ave

of multiple research groups and combining the first-order

TCR

ave

calculation model, the new mobility model in the concentration range of piezoresistance (1 × 1018–1 × 1020 at cm−3) is obtained by fitting. The first-order

TC

R

ave

of five implantation concentrations under the same process is tested. The results show that the error between the first-order

TC

R

ave

obtained based on the new mobility calculation model and the test results is within 5%. However, the first-order

TC

R

ave

based on the Arora mobility model has a deviation of 104.6% under the implantation condition of 3.75 × 1015 at cm−2. At the same time, the effects of different annealing temperatures and time on the first-order

TC

R

ave

at the implantation concentration of 8.5 × 1013 at cm−2 are compared. The results show that a higher annealing temperature or longer annealing time is not conducive to reducing the first-order

TC

R

ave

, but the difference is small.
Robust quantum control by smooth quasi-square pulses
Authors: Zhu Jing-jun , Laforgue Xavier , Chen Xi , Guérin Stéphane
Published: August 2022

Robust time-optimal control is known to feature constant (square) pulses. We analyze fast adiabatic dynamics that preserve robustness by using alternative smooth quasi-square pulses, typically represented by hyper-Gaussian pulses. We consider here the two protocols, robust inverse optimization and time-contracted adiabatic passage, allowing the design of the same pulse shape in both cases. The dynamics and their performance are compared. The superiority of the former protocol is shown.
Scaling of kinematical, global observables, energy and entropy densities in p + p, p + Pb and Pb + Pb collisions from 0.01 to 13 TeV
Authors: Cuautle E , Rosas E D , Rodríguez-Cahuantzi M
Published: August 2022

The multiplicity and average transverse momentum of the charged and identified particles produced in different kinds of colliding systems are an example of global observables used to characterize events over a wide range of energy. Studying these observables provides insights into the collective phenomena and the geometric scaling properties of the systems created in ultra-relativistic p + Pb, Pb + Pb, and even in p + p collisions. The first part of this work presents a study of these variables using different Monte Carlo event generators. It analyzes their sensitivity to find collective phenomena at 0.01, 0.9, 2.76, 7, and 13 TeV, finding a less satisfactory description as the energy decreases. The second part analyzes the average transverse momentum of charged hadrons as a function of the multiplicity for p + p, p + Pb, and Pb + Pb data from the CMS and ALICE experiments. Comparing with Monte Carlo event generators, we look for a possible scaling law of average transverse momentum scaled to the overlap transverse collision area. Additionally, the experimental data are used to compute thermodynamical quantities such as the energy and entropy densities in the Bjorken approach. The results are compared with predictions from EPOS and PYTHIA Monte Carlo event generators. We observe an excellent agreement for ⟨p
T⟩ from p + p but not for thermodynamical observables, where a sudden rise in a small ⟨p
T⟩ range resembles the lattice quantum chromodynamics results for the ϵ/T 
4 as a function of the temperature; however, only the experimental data from p + p show a kind of saturation.
Electronic and structural properties of crystalline and amorphous (TaNbHfTiZr)C from first principles
Authors: van der Linden Bram , Hogenelst Tadeus , Bliem Roland , Dohnalová Kateřina , Morice Corentin
Published: August 2022

High entropy materials (HEMs) are of great interest for their mechanical, chemical and electronic properties. In this paper we analyse (TaNbHfTiZr)C, a carbide type of HEM, both in crystalline and amorphous phases, using density functional theory (DFT). We find that the relaxed lattice volume of the amorphous phase is larger, while its bulk modulus is lower, than that of its crystalline counterpart. Both phases are metallic with all the transition metals contributing similarly to the density of states close to the Fermi level, with Ti and Nb giving the proportionally largest contribution of states. We confirm that despite its great structural complexity,

2
×
2
×
2

supercells are large enough for reliable simulation of the presented mechanical and electronic properties by DFT.
A novel point cloud simplification method using local conditional information
Authors: Cheng Yu-qi , Li Wen-long , Jiang Cheng , Wang Dong-fang , Mao Jin-cheng , Xu Wei
Published: August 2022

In three-dimensional measurement of large-scale parts, such as car bodies and aircraft wings, massive points (up to hundreds of millions) are collected. If all point cloud data is processed, a large amount of computing resources and storage space will be consumed. It is an important task to reduce the burden of processing while maintaining the feature of the point cloud as much as possible. This paper proposes a novel point cloud simplification method using local conditional information that is utilized to evaluate the features of each point in point clouds.The proposed method can reduce the size of point clouds while reserving significant features. Firstly, the original information of each point is evaluated by calculating the curvature of the original point cloud. Secondly, the point with the maximal information is selected and reserved in the target point cloud that will be updated as the alternative point cloud after simplification. The conditional information of each rest point is evaluated by the neighborhood and updated to the information of the current point, which attenuates with the distance from the other reserved points. Finally, the point with the maximal information is reserved iteratively until the number of points reserved satisfies the requirements of simplification according to enterprise needs. Experiments verify the effectiveness and performance of the proposed method. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method performs much better on feature retention than Voxel simplification and Curvature simplification.
Enhanced field-dependent conductivity and material properties of nano-AlN/micro-SiC/silicone elastomer hybrid composites for electric stress mitigation in high-voltage power modules
Authors: Wang Qilong , Chen Xiangrong , Huang Xiaofan , Muhammad Awais , Paramane Ashish , Ren Na
Published: August 2022

This paper reports an enhancement of the nonlinear conductivity, thermal and mechanical properties of micro-silicon carbide/silicone elastomer (m-SiC/SE) composites by adding nano-aluminum nitride (n-AlN) for power module encapsulation applications. The electrical properties (such as nonlinear conductivity characteristics and transient permittivity obtained from polarization current, and trap distributions obtained from thermally stimulated depolarization current) and material properties (including thermo-gravimetric analysis, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and thermal conductivity, tensile strength, strain at break and Young’s modulus) of the pure SE, m-SiC/SE microcomposites, m-SiC/n-AlN/SE hybrid composites are investigated. The effect of the m-SiC fillers and n-AlN fillers on physicochemical properties of the SE matrix is analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy and crosslinking degree. The measured nonlinear conductivity and transient permittivity are used for electric field simulation under DC stationary and square voltages. It is found that the addition of n-AlN fillers in the SE hybrid composite improves the nonlinear conductivity characteristics and mitigates the electric field under DC stationary and square voltages, compared to the SE microcomposite. Furthermore, the m-SiC/n-AlN/SE hybrid composite has a higher thermal degradation temperature, thermal conductivity, tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and crosslinking degree than the SE microcomposite, whereas their CTE and strain at break are lower. It is elucidated that the m-SiC/n-AlN/SE hybrid composite with enhanced nonlinear conductivity and material properties is a promising packaging material for high-voltage power modules.
Incorporation of micro-CT-based detailed bone models into ICRP adult mesh-type reference computational phantoms
Authors: Shin Bangho , Yeom Yeon Soo , Choi Chansoo , Bolch Wesley E , Han Haegin , Nguyen Thang Tat , Moon Sungho , Son Gahee , Kim Suhyeon , Kim Hyeonil , Kim Chan Hyeong
Published: August 2022

Objective. The red bone marrow (RBM) and bone endosteum (BE), which are required for effective dose calculation, are macroscopically modeled in the reference phantoms of the international commission on radiological protection (ICRP) due to their microscopic and complex histology. In the present study, the detailed bone models were developed to simplify the dose calculation process for skeletal dosimetry. Approach. The detailed bone models were developed based on the bone models developed at the University of Florida. A new method was used to update the definition of BE region by storing the BE location indices using virtual sub-voxels. The detailed bone models were then installed in the spongiosa regions of the ICRP mesh-type reference computational phantoms (MRCPs) via the parallel geometry feature of the Geant4 code. Main results. Comparing the results between the detailed-bone-installed MRCPs and the original MRCPs with the absorbed dose to spongiosa and fluence-to-dose response function (DRF)-based methods, the DRF-based method showed much smaller but still significant differences. Compared with the values given in ICRP Publications 116 and 133, the differences were very large (i.e. several orders of magnitudes), due mainly to the anatomical improvement of the skeletal system in the MRCPs; that is, spongiosa and medullary cavity are fully enclosed by cortical bone in the MRCPs but not in the ICRP-110 phantoms. Significance. The detailed bone models enable the direct calculation of the absorbed doses to the RBM and BE, simplifying the dose calculation process and potentially improving the consistency and accuracy of skeletal dosimetry.
Characterizing W sources in the all-W wall, all-RF WEST tokamak environment

*
,
**
Authors: Klepper C C , Unterberg E A , Marandet Y , Curreli D , Grosjean A , Harris J H , Johnson C A , Gallo A , Goniche M , Guillemaut Ch , Gunn J P , Raghunathan M , Tsitrone E , Ciraolo G , Colas L , Donovan D , Ekedahl A , Easley D , Urbanczyk G
Published: August 2022

Experimental data, together with interpretive modeling tools, are examined to study trends in the tungsten (W) source in the all-W environment of the WEST tokamak, both from the divertor and from the main chamber. In particular, a poloidal limiter protecting an ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) antenna is used as proxy for main chamber sourcing. The key study is carried out by stepping up lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) power, as the only auxiliary power source. Limiter and divertor W sources exhibit a qualitatively similar proportionality to the total power crossing the separatrix, P
SEP, although the main chamber source remains substantially lower than the divertor source, for the range of P
SEP accessible in the experiments. Intepretive modeling of the limiter source is carried out with a particle-in-cell (PIC) sheath model coupled to a surface sputtering model. Oxygen is used as a proxy for all light impurity species allowing for characterization of the critical W erosion regions. To get a good quantitative match to the data, it is necessary to assume that the oxygen arrives at the surface mostly at high ionization stages (4+ and above). A separate simulation with SOLEDGE-EIRENE, constrained to measured upstream scrape-off-layer plasma profiles, gives oxygen fractional abundances that are compatible with the PIC simulation result. This is understood to arise from transport processes that dominate over recombination. Substituting the LHCD by ICRH, in an equivalent experiment, the local W source exhibits a 3× enhancement. This can be matched by the simulation, by assuming local RF electric field rectification, based on ∼100 eV peak-to-peak, near-antennna electric field. This work has highlighted the particular importance of understanding the ion charge state balance of light impurities as these are most likely the dominant sputtering species in fusion devices with high-Z walls.
A Lamb waves-based wireless power transmission system for powering IoT sensor nodes
Authors: Xu Yunfei , Sun Yongshun , Tang Jian , Wei Chao , Ding Xiaoxi , Huang Wenbin
Published: August 2022

Sensor nodes (SNs) are widely deployed for condition monitoring within closed thin-walled structures. Conventional wired power supply using cables will affect the structural integrity, and wireless power supply based on inductive coupling will be shielded by metal structures, therefore, neither is desirable. Motivated by these issues, this article presents a Lamb waves wireless power transmission (WPT) technology based on piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWASs). A PWAS with a diameter of 7 mm was used to excite A0 single-mode Lamb waves on a 1.6 mm aluminum plate at a frequency of 150 kHz for power transmission. Two optimization strategies for the Lamb waves-based WPT system were proposed and designed, including electrical impedance matching and beamforming with a linear PWAS array. The optimization effects of these two methods were analyzed experimentally. By combining these two approaches, the maximum received power is 1.537 mW, which is 384.25 times higher than that without the optimization method. The corresponding transmission efficiency is 0.217%, which is 43.4 times higher than that without the optimization method. A power management circuit was built with a maximum output power of 1.41 mW and a corresponding conversion efficiency of 77.5%. Finally, an internet-of-things (IoT) SN is designed, and a test proves that the proposed WPT system can power IoT SNs.
Instability dynamics of nonlinear normal modes in the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou chains
Authors: Peng Liangtao , Fu Weicheng , Zhang Yong , Zhao Hong
Published: August 2022

Nonlinear normal modes are periodic orbits that survive in nonlinear chains, whose instability plays a crucial role in the dynamics of many-body Hamiltonian systems toward thermalization. Here we focus on how the stability of nonlinear modes depends on the perturbation strength and the system size to observe whether they have the same behavior in different models. To this end, as illustrating examples, the instability dynamics of the N/2 mode in both the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou-α and -β chains under fixed boundary conditions are studied systematically. Applying the Floquet theory, we show that for both models the stability time T as a function of the perturbation strength λ follows the same behavior; i.e.,

T
∝

(

λ
−

λ

c

)

−

1

2

, where λ
c is the instability threshold. The dependence of λ
c on N is also obtained. The results of T and λ
c agree well with those obtained by the direct molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, the effect of instability dynamics on the thermalization properties of a system is briefly discussed.
Role of exact exchange in the structural and electronic properties of the α and γ phases of cerium: a density functional theory study
Authors: Liu Yu , Ren Xinguo , Geng Huayun , Chen Mohan
Published: August 2022

Modeling the α–γ isostructural phase transition of cerium (Ce) within the framework of density functional theory is challenging because the 4f electron in Ce is difficult to characterize. The use of a fraction of exact exchange in the hybrid functional (2012 Phys. Rev. Lett.
109 146402) predicts the existence of the α and γ phases but their relative energy is inconsistent with the experiments. In fact, the role of exact exchange in affecting properties of the α and γ phases has not been well investigated. In this regard, we choose a variable amount of exact exchange (0.05–0.4) and systematically explore the properties of the α and γ phases of Ce including cohesive energies, lattice constants, bulk moduli, magnetic moments, and 4f electron numbers. Notably, a small portion of exact exchange close to 0.1 yields an accurate description of these properties, in particular the predicted relative energy between the α and γ phases agrees with the experiment. We further analyze the density of states, partial density of states, band structures and electron densities of the two phases. We observe that the exact exchange substantially affects the γ phase by localizing the 4f electrons, while it tends to delocalize the electrons in the α phase. Our work provides deep insights into the structural and electronic properties of the α and γ phases of Ce by elucidating the role of exact exchange in hybrid functional calculations.
Constraints on cosmic birefringence using E-mode polarisation
Authors: Abghari Arefe , Sullivan Raelyn M. , Hergt Lukas T. , Scott Douglas
Published: August 2022

A birefringent universe could show itself through a rotation of the plane of polarisation of the cosmic microwave background photons. This is usually investigated using polarisation B modes. Here we point out an independent method for extracting the birefringence angle using only temperature and E-mode signals. We forecast that, with an ideal cosmic-variance-limited experiment, we could constrain a birefringence angle of 0.3° with 3σ statistical significance, which is close to the current constraints using B modes. We explore how this method is affected by the systematic errors introduced by the polarisation efficiency. In the future, this could provide an additional way of checking any claimed B-mode derived birefringence signature.
Constraining the γ-Ray Emission Region for Fermi-detected FSRQs by the Seed Photon Approach
Authors: Huang Danyi , Li Ziyan , Liao Jiru , Huang Xiulin , Li Chengfeng , Qian Yanjun , Pei Zhiyuan , Fan Junhui
Published: August 2022

The location of γ-ray-emitting region in blazars has been an open issue for several decades and is still being debated. We use the Paliya et al. sample of 619 γ-ray-loud flat-spectrum radio quasars with available spectral energy distributions and employ a seed photon factor approach to locate the γ-ray production region. This method efficiently sets up a relation between the peak frequencies and luminosities for the synchrotron emission and inverse Compton scattering, together with a combination of the energy density and characteristic energy for the external seed photon field, namely,

U

0

/

ϵ

0

, an indicative factor of seed photons in units of Gauss. By comparing it with canonical values of the broad-line region (BLR) and molecular dusty torus (DT), we principally ascertain that the GeV emission originated far beyond the BLR and close to the DT—farther out at parsec scales from the central black hole, which supports a far-site scenario for γ-ray blazars. We probe the idea that inverse Compton scattering of infrared seed photons is happening in the Thomson regime. This approach and our findings are based on the validity of the external Compton model, which is applicable in understanding the GeV emission mechanism in FSRQs. However, the completeness of this framework has been challenged by reports of neutrino emission from blazars. Thus, we also shed new light on the neutrino production region by using our derived results because blazars are promising neutrino emitters.
TANSPEC: TIFR-ARIES Near-infrared Spectrometer
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Ojha Devendra K. , Ghosh Arpan , Ninan Joe P. , Ghosh Supriyo , Ghosh Swarna K. , Manoj P. , Naik Milind B. , D’Costa Savio L. A. , Krishna Reddy B. , Nanjappa Nandish , Pandey Rakesh , Sinha Tirthendu , Panwar Neelam , Antony Susmitha , Kaur Harmeen , Sahu Sanjit , Bangia Tarun , Poojary Satheesha S. , Jadhav Rajesh B. , Bhagat Shailesh B. , Meshram Ganesh S. , Shah Harshit , Rayner John T. , Toomey Douglas W. , Sandimani and Pradeep R.
Published: August 2022

We present the design and performance of the TANSPEC, a medium-resolution 0.55–2.5 μm cryogenic spectrometer and imager, now in operation at the 3.6 m Devasthal Optical Telescope (DOT), Nainital, India. The TANSPEC provides three modes of operation, which include photometry with broad- and narrowband filters, spectroscopy with short slits of 20″ length and different widths (from 0.″5 to 4.″0) in cross-dispersed mode at a resolving power R of ∼2750, and spectroscopy with long slits of 60″ length and different widths (from 0.″5 to 4.″0) in prism mode at a resolving power R of ∼100–350. TANSPEC’s imager mode provides a field of view of 60″ × 60″ with a plate scale of 0.″245 pixel−1 on the 3.6 m DOT. The TANSPEC was successfully commissioned during 2019 April–May, and the subsequent characterization and astronomical observations are presented here. The TANSPEC was made available to the worldwide astronomical community for science observations from 2020 October.
Gender Disparity in Publishing Six Months after the KITP Workshop Probes of Transport in Stars
Authors: Joyce Meridith , Tayar Jamie , Lecoanet Daniel
Published: August 2022

Conferences and workshops shape scientific discourse. The Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) hosts long-term workshops to stimulate scientific collaboration that would not otherwise have taken place. One goal of KITP programs is to increase diversity in the next generation of scientists. In this analysis, we examine gender trends in the authorship of papers that have been generated as a result of the KITP program Probes of Transport in Stars, which ran from 2021 October 11th to 2021 December 17th. While 38% of workshop participants were women, only 19% of publications produced between 2021 December 1st and 2022 June 3rd had female first-authors. Furthermore, of these early publications, 61% had all-male author lists. Among publications resulting from the KITP program, the proportions of both male first-author papers and papers with all-male author lists are higher than predicted by models that take into account the gender distribution of the KITP participants. These results motivate more thorough investigations of collaboration networks at scientific conferences and workshops. Importantly, they also suggest that programs, conferences, and workshops of any kind need to take steps beyond those implemented in this KITP program to enable more diverse collaborations and address gender disparities in science.
Level structure of the double-shell closure system with Z = 14 and N = 20: 34Si*
Authors: Moon Chang-Bum , Yuan Cenxi
Published: August 2022

The level structure of the double-magic nucleus 34Si (Z = 14, N = 20) was investigated by evaluating the available data. On the basis of experimental results from the beta-decay and fusion-evaporation reactions, we established the level scheme by assigning spin-parities up to 61
+ at 6233 keV. The high energy positions of the excited states are consistent with the magicity at 34Si, such as the 22
+ state of the spherical ground band at 4.519 MeV and the 3-, 4-, and 5- states of the one-particle one-hole cross-shell states at approximately 4.5 MeV. This nucleus, for a long time, has attracted much attention because of, on one side, a proton bubble structure in the ground state and, on the other side, a deformation in the second 0+ state, 02
+. By a comparison of the constructed level scheme with the shell model calculations, we describe the emerging structures in the ground and second 0+ states and the negative-parity 3- states within the framework of the shell model context. We propose a deformed rotational band with the cascading 62
+ − 41
+ − 21
+ transitions built on the 02
+ state.
Measuring the isotope effect on the gross beryllium erosion in JET
Authors: de la Cal E. , Borodin D. , Borodkina I. , Douai D. , Pawelec E. , Shaw A. , Silburn S. , Balboa I. , Brezinsek S. , Carvalho P. , Dittmar T. , Huber A. , Huber V. , Karhunen J. , Losada U. , Manzanares A. , Romazanov J. , Tookey A. , Contributors JET
Published: August 2022

The isotope effect, hydrogen (H) versus deuterium (D), on the gross beryllium (Be) erosion yield has been measured in ohmic limiter plasmas in JET tokamak by spectroscopic means. A simplified method to extract the effective sputtering yield from the quotient of the radiances of the D
α
or D
γ
and the Be II lines at 527 nm was applied. A clear isotope effect has been found, the erosion yield of D being about a factor of 2 larger compared to H in the whole explored plasma density range. This is in agreement with physical sputtering data obtained with H+ and D+ ion beams and also with material surface computer simulations. The already published contribution of chemically assisted physical sputtering has been also identified here. Currently the study is being extended to tritium (T) and D–T plasmas and the effect of helium mixtures.
100 megahertz-rate ultrahigh-speed digital holography instrument
Authors: Mansoor M.M. , George J.
Published: August 2022

This work presents the development of an ultrahigh-speed
digital holography instrument that can perform volumetric
measurements at a rate of up to 100 million frames per second. The
system is based on an Ultra 8 camera that uses a single custom-built
image intensifier with a segmented photocathode that can gate eight
different imaging regions down to 10 ns. An in-line interferometric
scheme is used to capture the deformation of a water drop as it is
photoablated from irradiation by a 1064 nm wavelength pulsed laser
beam. After a digital holographic video is captured, wavefront
reconstruction is used to focus on discrete depth planes enabling
the user to observe different 3-dimensional features of the drop as
the field-of-view is scanned plane-by-plane. The reconstructions are
detwinned and corrected for parallax and alignment error before a
final image at any given depth is produced. We provide one-to-one
comparisons between conventional focused imaging and digital
holography to demonstrate the 3-dimensional visualization
capabilities of the instrument with particular regard to dynamic
events occurring at nanosecond time intervals for future
applications to hypersonic flows and other short and ultrashort
duration events.
Neutrino oscillation parameter determination at INO-ICAL using track and hit information from GEANT
Authors: Datta Jaydeep , Singh Bana , Uma Sankar S.
Published: August 2022

We study the capability of INO-ICAL to determine the
neutrino oscillation parameters |ΔM
2
31| and
sin2
θ
23. We do not use any generator level
information. Instead, we process the generated atmospheric neutrino
events through GEANT4 simulation of the detector and the event
reconstruction framework. Among the outputs of this framework, only
the momentum and direction of the longest track were used in a
previous study by other authors. In this study, in addition to
these two variables, we consider a third variable based on
additional hits, which arise due to hadrons in the event. We show
that the inclusion of this variable leads to a 30% reduction in
the uncertainty of |ΔM
2
31| for a 5-year run of ICAL. We
find that doubling the exposure time leads to an additional 30%
reduction in the uncertainties of both |ΔM
2
31| and
sin2
θ
23.
Performance evaluation of aeronautical uplink/downlink free-space optical communication system with adaptive optics over gamma–gamma turbulence channel
Authors: Gökçe Muhsin Caner , Ata Yalçın , Baykal Yahya
Published: August 2022

In this study, we analyze the effect of adaptive optics corrections on the performance of an aeronautical free-space optical (FSO) system with bidirectional slant path uplink and downlink communication channels. The aeronautical FSO communication (FSOC) system operates in a gamma–gamma atmospheric turbulence channel and employs adaptive optics corrections for the distorted wave front of the Gaussian beam wave. The modulation type of the aeronautical FSOC system is chosen to be M-ary phase-shift-keying-subcarrier intensity modulation and the type of the employed photodetector is positive-intrinsic-negative. In analysis, the effect of system parameters such as zenith angle, the height of transmitter/receiver on the ground, M-ary level, filter bandwidth, link distance, and the adaptive optics correction modes on bit-error-rate are demonstrated.
Relationship between entanglement and polarization in tripartite states
Authors: Montenegro La Torre C R M , Yugra Y , De Zela F
Published: August 2022

Entanglement and polarization of pure, two-qubit systems are known to be constrained by the relationship

C
2

+

P
2

=
1

. Here, C stands for concurrence, a standard measure of entanglement, and P refers to the degree of polarization of either of the two, single-qubit subsystems. The above constraint may be understood as reflecting that a system cannot be in a pure state, if it is entangled with another one. In order to explore the connection between entanglement and polarization beyond two-qubit systems, we addressed states in which at least one of the parties has dimensionality greater than two. The case of pure, tripartite states offered itself as a timely candidate. We focussed on three qubits and studied the connection between one qubit’s polarization and its entanglement with the other two taken together. We derived new constraints, akin to the above one, and submitted them to experimental tests using single photons entangled in polarization. The latter provided two qubits, each one attached to one photon. The third qubit was chosen to be the path (momentum) of one of the photons. Our experimental results confirmed the validity of the new constraints. Our theoretical results hold also for classical light. Possible experimental tests could be done with so-called structured light beams.
Compact difference of composition operators on the Hardy spaces
Authors: Choe Boo Rim , Choi Koeun , Koo Hyungwoon , Park Inyoung
Published: August 2022

Answering to a long-standing question raised by Shapiro and Sundberg in 1990, Choe et al. have recently obtained a characterization for compact differences of composition operators acting on the Hilbert-Hardy space over the unit disk. Their characterization is described in terms of certain Bergman-Carleson measures involving derivatives of the inducing maps. In this paper, based on such results, we take one step further to obtain a completely new characterization, which is more intuitive and much simpler. In particular, our new characterization does not involve derivatives of the inducing maps and includes the Reproducing Kernel Thesis characterization. Moreover, our proofs are constructive enough to yield optimal estimates for the essential norms.
BubR1 recruitment to the kinetochore via Bub1 enhances spindle assembly checkpoint signaling
Authors: Banerjee Anand , Chen Chu , Humphrey Lauren , Tyson John J. , Joglekar Ajit P.
Published: August 2022

Using quantitative cell biological observations and mathematical modeling, it is shown that BubR1 recruitment to the kinetochore via Bub1 promotes mitotic checkpoint complex generation, highlighting BubR1’s dual role of directly strengthening the spindle assembly checkpoint and indirectly silencing it.
Preprint Highlight: Cytoplasmic forces functionally reorganize nuclear condensates in oocytes
Authors: Seldin Lindsey
Published: August 2022

Cytoskeletal motor-based cytoplasmic remodeling in mammalian oocytes is critical for proper oocyte development. Nevertheless, the function, spatiotemporal regulation, and evolutionary conservation of this remodeling remain unclear. This study tests the hypothesis that cytoplasmic forces drive coalescence of nuclear liquid condensates involved in RNA processing. Simulations, live imaging, drug treatments, and genetic experiments in mouse oocytes demonstrate that cytoplasmic forces drive condensate-associated mRNA splicing. Importantly, this splicing is essential for meiotic cell divisions and fertility. Additional experiments in Drosophila oocytes demonstrate that cytoplasmic forces play a conserved role in meiosis. These data imply that cytoskeletal force generation and nuclear condensate dynamics play an evolutionarily conserved function in a broad array of cell types and processes. This work has important implications for human fertility and condensate-linked diseases including neurodegeneration and cancer.
Weedy and seedy: the rapid evolution of life-history characteristics in an introduced daisy
Authors: Brandenburger Claire R , Maslen Ben , Sherwin William B , Moles Angela T
Published: August 2022

Despite the importance of life-history characteristics in determining a species’ success, we still lack basic information about some fundamental life-history elements found across the life cycle of introduced plants. Our study assesses rapid evolutionary divergence in life-history characteristics of the beach daisy Arctotheca populifolia by comparing introduced Australian and source South African plants and measuring eight key variables including seed mass, germination, reproductive output and survival. This is the first study that compares the life history of an introduced plant species with its single original source population, providing a precise and powerful method for detecting evolutionary divergence. We found that introduced A. populifolia has evolved a suite of weedy life-history characteristics in less than 90 years: the introduced plants use a live-fast die-young strategy of germination and survival and produce significantly more inflorescences and more seeds that germinate faster. This knowledge adds to the remarkable data that we already have on the rapid evolutionary divergence occurring in the morphology, physiology and defence of this introduced plant and highlights the speed and scope of evolutionary divergence possible in plants. To fully understand and manage the future of our plant species, we must consider their potential for ongoing change in key aspects of life history.
Forced but effective partners in crime: how astrocytes drive the progression of glioblastoma
Authors: Murk Kai , Hülse Robert
Published: August 2022

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Astrocyte immunometabolic regulation of the tumour microenvironment drives glioblastoma pathogenicity’ by Perelroizen et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awac222).
Mini Review on Forced Degradation Studies on Anti-Epileptic Drugs and Beyond
Authors: Adhikari Rudra Prasad , Mohamed Sheik Tharik A , Meyyanathan S N
Published: August 2022

In this review on the forced degradation studies on anti-epileptic drugs and the development of validated stability-indicating assay methods for drug substances and products at a condition more severe than accelerated condition (i.e. 40 ± 2°C, 75 ± 5% relative humidity), the drug substance and drug product undergo degradation is known as forced or stress degradation. To know about the impurities developed during the storage of drug products in various environmental conditions. The limit of degradation allowable is 5–20%. More than 20% of degradation is abnormal and must be investigated. Any regulatory guidelines do not mention the pH conditions for acid or base hydrolysis, the temperature for thermal degradation or the concentration of the oxidation agent. Only International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines Q1B photostability stability and states that light sources must be a combination of UV and visible light. The shortcomings of mentioned techniques with appreciation to regulatory necessities are highlighted. A systematic method for the forced degradation studies on anti-epileptic drugs such as “Topiramate, Vigabatrin, Lacosamide, Tiagabine, Levetiracetam and Zonisamide” is discussed. This review helps researchers to get an idea about stability-indicating methods of development and validation for newer antiepileptic drugs and the characteristics of drug products that degrade under specific degradation conditions.
Left bundle branch area pacing outcomes: the multicentre European MELOS study
Authors: Jastrzębski Marek , Kiełbasa Grzegorz , Cano Oscar , Curila Karol , Heckman Luuk , De Pooter Jan , Chovanec Milan , Rademakers Leonard , Huybrechts Wim , Grieco Domenico , Whinnett Zachary I , Timmer Stefan A J , Elvan Arif , Stros Petr , Moskal Paweł , Burri Haran , Zanon Francesco , Vernooy Kevin
Published: August 2022

Aims

Permanent transseptal left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) is a promising new pacing method for both bradyarrhythmia and heart failure indications. However, data regarding safety, feasibility and capture type are limited to relatively small, usually single centre studies. In this large multicentre international collaboration, outcomes of LBBAP were evaluated.

Methods and results

This is a registry-based observational study that included patients in whom LBBAP device implantation was attempted at 14 European centres, for any indication. The study comprised 2533 patients (mean age 73.9 years, female 57.6%, heart failure 27.5%). LBBAP lead implantation success rate for bradyarrhythmia and heart failure indications was 92.4% and 82.2%, respectively. The learning curve was steepest for the initial 110 cases and plateaued after 250 cases. Independent predictors of LBBAP lead implantation failure were heart failure, broad baseline QRS and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. The predominant LBBAP capture type was left bundle fascicular capture (69.5%), followed by left ventricular septal capture (21.5%) and proximal left bundle branch capture (9%). Capture threshold (0.77 V) and sensing (10.6 mV) were stable during mean follow-up of 6.4 months. The complication rate was 11.7%. Complications specific to the ventricular transseptal route of the pacing lead occurred in 209 patients (8.3%).

Conclusions

LBBAP is feasible as a primary pacing technique for both bradyarrhythmia and heart failure indications. Success rate in heart failure patients and safety need to be improved. For wider use of LBBAP, randomized trials are necessary to assess clinical outcomes.
Genomic insights into the emergence and spread of NDM-1-producing Vibrio spp. isolates in China
Authors: Zheng Zhiwei , Xu Yating , Ye Lianwei , Chan Edward Wai Chi , Chen Sheng
Published: August 2022

Background

Carbapenemase-producing Vibrio spp., which exhibit an XDR phenotype, have become increasingly prevalent and pose a severe threat to public health.

Objectives

To investigate the genetic characteristics of NDM-1-producing Vibrio spp. isolates and the dissemination mechanisms of blaNDM-1 in Vibrio.

Methods

A total of 1363 non-duplicate Vibrio spp. isolates collected from shrimp samples in China were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests and screened for blaNDM-1. The blaNDM-1-positive isolates were further characterized by PFGE, MLST, conjugation and WGS using Illumina and Nanopore platforms. Plasmid stability and fitness cost were assessed using Escherichia coli J53, Klebsiella pneumoniae Kpt80 and Salmonella spp. SA2051 as recipient strains.

Results

In total, 13 blaNDM-1-positive isolates were identified, all exhibiting MDR. WGS analysis revealed that the 13 blaNDM-1 genes were all associated with a derivative of Tn125. Plasmid analysis revealed that six blaNDM-1 genes were located in IncC plasmids and the other seven were carried by plasmids of two different novel types. Conjugation and plasmid stability assays showed that only the IncC plasmids could be transferred to all the recipient strains and could be stably maintained in the hosts.

Conclusions

The emergence of the novel plasmids has contributed to the variable genetic contexts of blaNDM-1 in Vibrio spp. and IncC plasmids harbouring the blaNDM-1 gene could facilitate the spread of such genes between Vibrio spp. and other zoonotic pathogens, leading to a rapid dissemination of blaNDM-1 in bacterial pathogens worldwide.
Using Surrogate Insects in Acid Bioassays for Development of New Controls for Varroa destructor (Arachnida: Varroidae)
Authors: Vieira Julia J , Johnson Casey L , Varkonyi Elizabeth M , Ginsberg Howard S , Picard Kassie L , Kiesewetter Matthew K , Alm Steven R
Published: August 2022

Resistance to traditional synthetic compounds by Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman and shortcomings of the organic acid class of acaracides commonly used in varroa management requires continual development of new controls. V. destructor, however, are difficult to obtain for use in control bioassays because they are obligate parasites that cannot be easily reared outside of a honey bee colony. We conducted bioassays using other, more easily obtainable species to find organisms that could be used as surrogates for V. destructor when testing new potential controls. We compared the toxicities of acetic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, and oxalic acid at 0.005%, 0.05%, 0.5%, 5%, and 50% (20% oxalic acid only) concentrations based on natural volatility (nonheated) for the control of two beetle species, Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. and Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer, greater wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella L., and V. destructor. The assay results were consistent across all species with formic acid and acetic acid showing 100% mortality of all four test species at 50% concentration. The assays also provided insight into the method of application (vaporization or contact) needed to cause mortality. Our results show that other organisms can be used in place of V. destructor for initial testing of acids and possibly other chemicals for control of the ectoparasite.
New Microsatellite Markers for Genetic Studies on Sergentomyia schwetzi (Diptera: Psychodidae): A Suspected Vector of Leishmania infantum (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) in the Canine Leishmaniasis Focus of Mont-Rolland, Senegal
Authors: Prudhomme Jorian , Mazza Thomas , Hagen Sophie , Cassan Cécile , Toty Céline , Senghor Massila Wagué , Niang Abdoul Aziz , Faye Babacar , Bañuls Anne-Laure
Published: August 2022

Visceral leishmaniasis is not endemic in West Africa, but prevalence of canine leishmaniasis and seroprevalence of Leishmania infantum infection in humans are high in the Mont Rolland community (Thiès region, Senegal). Previous studies in this area showed that Sergentomyia schwetzi could be the potential vector of Le. infantum. To precisely describe the biology and population structure of this potential vector, we identified eight novel microsatellite loci to characterize Se. schwetzi populations. We tested these loci in Se. schwetzi populations from five locations at Mont Rolland (Thiès, Senegal). All the loci were polymorphic, with a mean of 17.25 alleles (observed heterozygosity: 0.455). We did not detect any evidence of scoring errors due to stuttering and large allele dropout. Moreover, several of these loci were also amplified in six other sand fly species (Sergentomyia magna, Sergentomyia dubia, Sergentomyia minuta, Phlebotomus duboscqi, Phlebotomus perniciosus, and Phlebotomus ariasi). These preliminary results demonstrate the utility of these microsatellite markers for Se. schwetzi (and for the other sand fly species) population genetic studies.
A glucose–target of rapamycin signaling axis integrates environmental history of heat stress through maintenance of transcription-associated epigenetic memory in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sharma Mohan , Sharma Manvi , Jamsheer K Muhammed , Laxmi Ashverya
Published: August 2022

In nature, plants cope with adversity and have established strategies that recall past episodes and enable them to better cope with stress recurrences by establishing a ‘stress memory’. Emerging evidence suggests that glucose (Glc) and target of rapamycin (TOR), central regulators of plant growth, have remarkable functions in stress adaptation. However, whether TOR modulates a stress memory response is so far unknown. Global transcriptome profiling identified that Glc, through TOR, regulates the expression of numerous genes involved in thermomemory. Priming of TOR overexpressors with mild heat showed better stress endurance, whereas TOR RNAi showed reduced thermomemory. This thermomemory is linked with histone methylation at specific sites of heat stress (HS) genes. TOR promotes long-term accumulation of H3K4me3 on thermomemory-associated gene promoters, even when transcription of those genes reverts to their basal level. Our results suggest that ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX 1 (ATX1), an H3K4 methyltransferase already shown to regulate H3K4me3 levels at the promoters of HS recovery genes, is a direct target of TOR signaling. The TOR-activating E2Fa binds to the promoter of ATX1 and regulates its expression, which ultimately regulates thermomemory. Collectively, our findings reveal a mechanistic framework in which Glc–TOR signaling determines the integration of stress and energy signaling to regulate thermomemory.
No evidence of extensive non-CpG methylation in mtDNA
Authors: Guitton Romain , Nido Gonzalo S , Tzoulis Charalampos
Published: August 2022

While most research suggests mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) harbors low or no methylation, a few studies claim to report evidence of high-level methylation in the mtDNA. The reasons behind these contradictory results are likely to be methodological but remain largely unexplored. Here, we critically reanalyzed a recent study by Patil et al. (2019) reporting extensive methylation in human mtDNA in a non-CpG context. Our analyses refute the original findings and show that these do not reflect the biology of the tested samples, but rather stem from a combination of methodological and technical pitfalls. The authors employ an oversimplified model that defines as methylated all reference positions with methylation proportions above an arbitrary cutoff of 9%. This substantially exacerbates the overestimation of methylated cytosines due to the selective degradation of unmethylated cytosine-rich regions. Additional limitations are the small sample sizes and lack of sample-specific controls for bisulfite conversion efficiency. In conclusion, using the same dataset employed in the original study by Patil et al., we find no evidence supporting the existence of extensive non-CpG methylation in the human mtDNA.