bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A RIS‐Based Single‐Channel Direction‐of‐Arrival Estimation Method for Communication Signals
Authors: Ma Keming , Li Qinlong , Huang Kaizhi , Yi Ming , Jin Liang
Published: February 2025

The development of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) makes direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation possible for single‐antenna receivers. However, non‐ideal situations such as spectral aliasing occur when facing communication signals using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation. This paper proposes a RIS‐based single‐channel DOA estimation method for communication signals. Specifically, by extending the time intervals to dynamically reduce the RIS state change rate, a real‐time DOA estimation is achieved while mitigating the impact of non‐ideal spectral shifts on communication. Then, based on the compressed sensing and mutual incoherence property, the method exploits the sparse property of the signal in space to reduce the estimation time while improving the estimation accuracy. Simulation results show an reduction in computation time for the proposed method compared to the traditional CVX tool. Additionally, the estimation accuracy is as low as . To verify the practicality and robustness, we develop a prototype system and conduct extensive experiments. The results are consistent with our theoretical analysis, and the method proposed in this paper can realize single‐path DOA estimation with an accuracy of less than within . More excitingly, the presented experimental platform achieves DOA estimation for two coherent paths.
Cigarette defect detection based on independent feature extraction constraints
Authors: Su Zhendong , Li Jiang , Huang Guoyun , Tang Zhanheng , Qin Honghan , Huang Liren , Zhou Jian , Liu Benxue
Published: February 2025

The detection of appearance defects in cigarettes is crucial in the field of industrial defect detection. Most existing detection methods achieve defect detection by utilizing deep learning to learn feature representations of various types of defects. However, due to the complexity and randomness of the production and processing process, the differences between defects in different cigarettes are not significant, which greatly affects the detection performance. Therefore, to address this issue, this article proposes a cigarette defect detection method based on independent feature extraction constraints, called IFEC. The core idea of this method is to extract independent features of different defect categories to increase the differences between features of different categories, enhance the distinguishability of features, and achieve accurate cigarette defect detection. In IFEC, an independence feature extraction constraint module is proposed that constrains the network to extract highly independent defect features of different categories through feature decoupling and feature decorrelation. The sufficient experimental results indicate that the proposed IFEC has superior detection performance compared to existing detection methods.
Design and Implementation of Linear and Nonlinear Feedforward Controllers for High‐Performance Power Factor Corrected Circuits
Authors: Liu Tian‐Hua , Song Yu‐Cheng , Chen Woei‐Luen
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the design and implementation of a linear feedforward controller, which creates the compensation duty cycle near zero‐voltage crossing points for the power factor corrected (PFC) circuits, and a nonlinear feedforward controller, which is developed by using a linearization model of the high‐performance PFC circuits. These two control approaches are proposed, compared and analysed. To address the discontinuous current near the zero‐crossing point, two extra feedforward compensators with specific parameters are designed to refine the duty cycles of the switching devices. Experimental results and analytical results show that the proposed methods can provide a wider frequency range and flatter gain for the closed‐loop PFC system. Furthermore, the proposed control methods have quicker recovery times and smaller voltage drops at the direct current (DC) output voltage than the traditional control method when the PFC is operated at a repetitive switching resistance load. Control algorithms were implemented and tested on a digital signal processor‐based PFC circuit, which is a 500 W prototype with a single‐phase alternating current input of 110 V and a DC output of 300 V to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods. Experimental results demonstrate that these feedforward control methods are superior to traditional proportional integral controllers, offering an improved input power factor, reduced harmonic currents, better performance under a repetitive switching resistance load and more straightforward implementation.
FAUST XX. The chemical structure and temperature profile of the IRAS 4A2 hot corino at 20-50 au
Authors: Frediani J. , De Simone M. , Testi L. , Podio L. , Codella C. , Chandler C.J. , Ceccarelli C. , Loinard L. , L'opez-Sepulcre A. , Svoboda B. , Sakai N. , Chahine L. , Aikawa Y. , Bianchi E. , Bouvier M. , Cacciapuoti L. , Caselli P. , Charnley S.B. , Jimenez-Serra I. , Johnstone D. , Sabatini G. , Shirley Y. , Yamamoto S.
Published: February 2025

Young low-mass protostars often possess hot corinos, which are compact, hot, and dense regions that are bright in interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs). In addition to their prebiotic role, iCOMs can be used as a powerful tool to characterize the chemical and physical properties of hot corinos. Using ALMA/FAUST data, our aim was to explore the iCOM emission at $<$ 50 au scale around the Class 0 prototypical hot corino IRAS 4A2. We imaged IRAS 4A2 in six abundant common iCOMs (CH_3OH, HCOOCH_3, CH_3CHO, CH_3CH_2OH, CH_2OHCHO, and NH_2CHO), and derived their emitting sizes. The column density and gas temperature for each species were derived at 1σ from a multi-line analysis by applying a non-LTE approach for CH_3OH, and LTE population or rotational diagram analysis for the other iCOMs. Thanks to the unique estimates of the absorption from foreground millimeter dust toward IRAS 4A2, we derived for the first time unbiased gas temperatures and column densities. We resolved the IRAS 4A2 hot corino, and found evidence for a chemical spatial distribution in the inner 50 au, with the outer emitting radius increasing from ∼ 22-23 au for NH_2CHO and CH_2OHCHO, followed by CH_3CH_2OH (∼ 27 au), CH_3CHO (∼ 28 au), HCOOCH_3 (∼ 36 au), and out to ∼ 40 au for CH_3OH. Combining our estimate of the gas temperature probed by each iCOM with their beam-deconvolved emission sizes, we inferred the gas temperature profile of the hot corino on scales of 20-50 au in radius, and found a power-law index q of approximately --1. We observed, for the first time, a chemical segregation in iCOMs of the IRAS 4A2 hot corino, and derived the gas temperature profile of its inner envelope. The derived profile is steeper than when considering a simple spherical collapsing and optically thin envelope, hinting at a partially optically thick envelope or a gravitationally unstable disk-like structure.
Advances in atomic resolution secondary electron imaging
Authors: Martis Joel , Plotkin-Swing Benjamin , Hotz Michael T. , Dellby Niklas , Lovejoy Tracy C. , Quillin Stephen C. , Radlička Tomáš , Su Cong , Algara-Siller Gerardo , Krivanek Ondrej L.
Published: February 2025

We have developed an efficient detector of secondary electrons (SEs) for a high-performance scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and tested it on several materials. Using the detector at 60 keV, we resolved the nearest neighbor atoms separated by 0.142 nm in SE images of graphene, and detected single-atom substitutions in graphene and monolayer MoS2. We imaged single heavy atoms on an amorphous carbon thin film, and the surface structure of gold nanoparticles supported on a thin film as well as on a bulk substrate. Other application examples shown in this paper include SE imaging combined with 4D STEM, simultaneous SE and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) imaging, and simultaneous imaging of entrance and exit sides of a sample using two separate SE detectors. The results point to an exciting future for atomic-resolution SE imaging.
Notes on double Roman domination edge critical graphs
Authors: Omar Abdelhak , Bouchou Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Given a graph G=(V,E), a double Roman dominating function (DRDF) on a graph G is a function f:V→{0,1,2,3} satisfying the condition that every vertex u for which f(u)=0 is adjacent to at least one vertex v for which f(v)=3 or two vertices v₁ and v₂ for which f(v₁)=f(v₂)=2, and every vertex u for which f(u)=1 is adjacent to at least one vertex v for which f(v)≥2. The weight w(f) of a double Roman dominating function f is the value w(f)=∑_{u∈V}f(u). The minimum weight of a double Roman dominating function on a graph G is called the double Roman domination number of G, denoted by γ_{dR}(G). We say that G is γ_{dR}-edge critical, if γ_{dR}(G+e)<γ_{dR}(G) for each e∈E(G), where G is the complement of G, and k-γ_{dR}-edge supercritical if γ_{dR}(G)=k and γ_{dR}(G+e)=γ_{dR}(G)-2 for every edge e∈E(G). In this paper, we characterize γ_{dR}-edge critical trees, answering a problem posed by Nazari-Moghaddam and Volkmann (Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications, 12(02) (2020) 2050020). Moreover, we investigate connected k-γ_{dR}-edge supercritical graphs for k∈{5,6,7,8}.
Packaging strategies of temperature-sensitive food supply chains considering the influences of distribution channels and consumers' quality concern
Authors: Wang Min , Zhang Linna , Zhang Jiayi , Zhao Lindu
Published: February 2025

With the boom of food delivery worldwide and the emergency of different distribution channels, temperature-sensitive food supply chains need to think about which sort of packages to choose. Compared with disposable packages, reusable packages bring down the deterioration rate of the temperature-sensitive food being delivered and are more environment-friendly; however, they incur more costs. Thus, we model a single-supplier-single-retailer temperature-sensitive food supply chain and investigate its packaging strategies considering the influences of distribution channels and consumers’ quality concern. First, we reveal the separate roles of price transmission in the circumstances with quality and non-quality problems, the two-fold effects of reusing reusable packages for more times as well as the recommended environmental policy. Second, it is shown that consumers’ quality concern is a critical factor influencing the supply chain’s optimal packaging choice, which is explained by reusable packages’ preservation advantages over disposable packages and the declining preservation performances of reusable packages over time. Finally, the interaction between the supply chain’s packaging strategies and distribution channels is revealed that the geographic concentrations of food producing or processing industries and a more convenient long-distance logistics system will bring about the wide use of reusable packages and the establishment of online channels.
Optimal contract selection considering the entry of a new supplier
Authors: Yan Hui , Dai Xiaobei , Shangguan Lili , Ye Fei
Published: February 2025

Cooperation between the upstream and downstream in the supply chain requires the signing of contracts, which include contract length, pricing, quantity, and so forth. This paper studies the contract selection strategies for an incumbent supplier, a potential supplier and a retailer. We develop a two-stage model to illustrate the situation in which the incumbent supplier collaborates with the retailer first, followed by the potential supplier. And we obtain Nash equilibrium solutions for six cases. Only the incumbent supplier and retailer are involved in the first period, the potential supplier enters in the second period and sells substitutable product. Three mathematical models, i.e., the long-term wholesale model, short-term wholesale model, and an agency model, are formulated to appraise the benefits. We find that the long-term wholesale contract reduces double marginalization, resulting in a lower wholesale price. The greater the substitutability between two kinds of products, the more likely the incumbent supplier is to prefer the long-term wholesale contract. Additionally, increased collaboration with additional suppliers may not always yield benefits for the retailer. The retailer exhibits more proactive behavior in the selection of the long-term wholesale contract with small capacity.
Energy-carbon footprint, productivity, and profitability of fodder-based cropping patterns under different nutrient management options in north-west India
Authors: Yadav Malu Ram , Singh Magan , Kumar Rakesh , Behera Biswaranjan , Kumar Dinesh , Yadav Rajendra Kumar , Raza Md Basit , Lal Milan Kumar , Meena Rajesh Kumar , Makarana Govind , Baral Kirttiranjan , Panigrahi Kaushik Kumar , Pradhan Sanatan
Published: February 2025

Context Intercropping of cereal–legume forages with integrated nutrient management could be an effective agronomic strategy to increase forage biomass production and economic returns. However, the energy-carbon footprints of the management strategies are of utmost importance in the present era of climate-conscious agriculture. Aim To identify the best possible combinations of fodder-based cropping patterns and nutrient management with higher yield and profitability with lower energy-carbon footprints. Methods This field study was carried out with four fodder-based cropping patterns under different nutrient management options in a split-plot design. Key results The maize (Zea mays) + cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (1:1)–oats (Avena sativa) under 75% recommended fertiliser dose with zinc, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and farmyard manure significantly increased system productivity and profitability and saved fertiliser by 25% compared to the same with 100% recommended dose only. In comparison to maize–oats, this combination showed lower energy and carbon footprints, but higher system productivity and profitability. The system yield and net returns of this combination were significantly higher than those of cowpea–oats cropping pattern, despite having a higher energy-carbon footprint. Conclusions The 1:1 cereal–legume intercropping-based cropping pattern maize + cowpea (1:1)–oats under 75% recommended dose of N, P2O5, K2O with zinc, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and FYM could be the most productive, profitable fodder-based cropping pattern with lower energy-carbon footprints in north-west India. Implications The study identified the most profitable combination of fodder-based cropping patterns and nutrient management with low energy and carbon footprints in north-west India, which could be a component of climate-smart agriculture in similar agro-climates of the globe.
Language management and health tourism
Authors: Díaz-Millón Mar
Published: February 2025

Health tourism is an opportunity for growth in Spain. To attract international travelers, companies need to communicate with
them through the Internet and to apply language management strategies, like localization or transcreation. This study aims to identify
language management strategies in healthcare corporation’s websites. A sample of companies is compiled and data (processed with the SPSS
statistical package) is gathered about their Internet presence, language diversity, presence of the English language and language
selection modes. These companies have a strong online presence, although barely half of them apply language management strategies. English
is the dominant language and a non-specific international audience is identified. Although the sample companies are oriented towards
internationalization, greater language management strategies need to be implemented.
Methodological consideration in research on French second-language speech perception and spoken word
recognition
Authors: Tremblay Annie
Published: February 2025

The present chapter provides an overview of methodological considerations for research on French
speech perception and spoken word recognition by second/foreign language (L2) learners. French has several phonetic
and phonological characteristics that are relatively infrequent cross-linguistically and thus make it a very
interesting L2 to investigate from the perspective of speech perception
and spoken word recognition. The chapter provides a review of the methodological approaches used in studies that focus
on these characteristics, considering both the perception and processing of speech sounds that are lexically
contrastive and the perception and processing of speech sounds that signal word boundaries. The chapter also
identifies areas for further investigation and open research questions, and it makes theoretical and methodological
recommendations that take advantage of the unique properties of French speech for further advancing research on L2
learners’ speech perception and spoken word recognition.
L2-French acquisition of discursive competence
Authors: Leclercq Pascale
Published: February 2025

This chapter critically reviews the way discursive competence has been studied in French SLA, to
identify the methodological strengths and limitations of current research. A particular focus is taken on the methods
used to track the development of the means to produce cohesive speech in L2 French, at different ages of onset and
proficiency levels, and across various conceptual domains; and on the approaches taken to the development of
information structure at discourse level in a variety of tasks. We used a sample of 37 studies on L2 French, spanning
30 years of research on L2 development of discursive competence, to shed light on the methodological contribution of
L2 French in this area to wider SLA, before identifying promising avenues for future research.
Approaches to investigating French as a third language
Authors: Lindqvist Christina
Published: February 2025

Research on third language acquisition has increased over the last few decades with numerous
publications examining various aspects of the acquisition and use of a third language, as opposed to a second language
(cf. Cabrelli et al., 2023, Cenoz
et al., 2001, Ringbom, 2007). One of the most researched aspects
is that of transfer, that is the ways in which previously acquired languages (both first, L1, and second languages,
L2) influence the learning and use of yet another language, the L3. While transfer can occur at all linguistic levels,
the majority of the studies concern syntax and lexis, and to some extent phonology. The present chapter will focus on
L3 French. While the majority of prior studies have been devoted to transfer issues, there is also a growing body of
research into socio-psychological aspects such as motivation, learning experiences and foreign language anxiety.
Previous research will be reviewed from a methodological point of view by accounting for the study designs, the type
of data and data analyses, and language combinations. The review will also include reflections on how ethical issues
have been taken into account in previous research. Finally, it will bring up future methodological directions within
L3 French research.
Neutralization of voice in colloquial Arabic verbs
Authors: Pospíšil Adam
Published: February 2025

In this paper I propose the concept of neutralization of voice, motivated by certain cases of
intransitive usage of transitive verbs in some Arabic varieties and defined as the omission of coding of a de-transitivizing
valency alternation. I confront the concept with a sample of Arabic verbs
and argue that a class of constructions in a range of Arabic varieties can indeed be accounted for in terms of voice neutralization. I also suggest some factors licensing the phenomenon
and discuss its possible implications for cross-varietal and typological comparison, as well as its validity in terms
of the study of actual language use, including marginal and emergent constructions conditioned by context.
Hadron production in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions and finite baryon-size effects
Authors: Mir Sameer Ahmad , Rather Nasir Ahmad , Mohi Ud Din Iqbal , Uddin Saeed
Published: February 2025

We investigate the relative yields of various like and unlike mass hadrons in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions (URHIC). In the framework of thermal model a strong evidence of strangeness imbalance is observed in the experiments at lower collision energies relative to non-strange particles, particularly pions. The study indicates that like mass particle ratios in the system at the chemical freeze-out in URHIC can be described effectively by considering baryons (antibaryons) as point like as well as finite size particles which imitates hard-core repulsive interactions leading to an excluded volume type effect. In this analysis, we employ the statistical Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model for both cases. A comparison between the two cases is provided. However, the importance of considering baryons (antibaryons) as finite size particles is revealed in the description of baryon to meson ratios. Best fits to particle ratios are obtained using $\chi^{2}$-minimization procedure. For the case of finite-size baryons (antibaryons), we find that considering their hard-core radii allows us to fit the available antibaryon-to-baryon and baryon (antibaryon)-to-pion ratio experimental data simultaneously quite well with the same model parameter values. Moreover, our results align well with the proton radius puzzle observed in the muonic hydrogen measurement data. Furthermore, the study reveals two distinct chemical freeze-out stages in both cases, where the earlier one corresponds to baryonic (hyperonic) and antibaryonic (antihyperonic) states and a later one to mesonic degrees of freedom. A comparison of freeze-out lines obtained from both the cases is made along with the results of some earlier studies.
Extended Haldane model- a modern gateway to topological insulators
Authors: Nag Tanay , Mandal Saptarshi
Published: February 2025

The seminal Haldane model brings up a paradigm beyond the quantum Hall effect to look for a plethora of topological phases in the honeycomb and other lattices. Here we dwell into this model considering a full parameter space in the presence of spin–orbit interaction as well as Zeeman field such that the flavour of Kane-Mele model is invoked. Adopting this extended Haldane model as an example, we elucidate, in a transparent manner, a number of topological features in a pedagogical manner. First, we describe various first order topological insulator phases and their characterizations while explaining various anomalous quantum Hall effects and quantum spin Hall effects in the extended Haldane model. Second, we demonstrate the concepts of higher order topological insulator phases along with the topological invariants in the anisotropic limit of the extended Haldane model. At the end, we discuss various open issues involving emergent or extended symmetries that might lead to a broader understanding of various topological phases and the associated criteria behind their emergence.
RNAF-YOLO: a model for highlighting difficult-to-detect targets in remote sensing images
Authors: Wang Manyi , Gao Weiwei , Fang Yu , Liu Xintian , Jin Xiaoyi
Published: February 2025

Challenges like scale variations, shape diversity, complex backgrounds, and sample imbalance in remote sensing images make some targets difficult to detect. Consequently, a model called RNAF-You Only Look Once (YOLO) is proposed, combining a composite convolution module with an Intersection over Union (IoU)-based weighted loss function for remote sensing object detection. A composite convolution module, RepFocalNet, is designed and incorporated into the backbone network to replace the original C2f layer, enhancing multi-scale modeling and feature extraction capabilities in complex backgrounds. Adaptive spatial correlation pyramid attention is introduced after the ninth layer, enhancing sensitivity to subtle features and improving small object detection. Furthermore, Focal Inner Soft IoU is designed to replace the original loss function. Ablation experiments were conducted on the DIOR dataset to verify the effectiveness of each module. Following this, the proposed method was compared with several leading methods to further evaluate its performance. Compared to the YOLOv8 model, RNAF-YOLO improved mAP@50 by 1.5% and increased recall by 3%. Additionally, the classification accuracy for the bridge and vehicle categories increased by 4.2% and 8.9%. Compared to other methods, RNAF-YOLO demonstrates superior performance across multiple classification accuracy metrics. As a consequence, the proposed method demonstrates superior performance in remote sensing object detection, effectively highlighting difficult-to-detect targets.
Effect of the maximum furnace temperature on the THM growth process of GaInSb crystals with the mushy zone
Authors: Wang Bowen , Liu Ming , Xing Weirong , Nie Lifang , Kang Chuangang , Liu Juncheng
Published: February 2025

The temperature control is crucial for the crystal growth, and has varying degrees of impact on different crystal growth methods. To study the effect of the maximum furnace temperature T
MAX on GaInSb crystal growth, we simulated the GaInSb crystal growth processes with the traveling heater method (THM), in which the mushy zone was carefully considered. The results indicate that the T
MAX significantly affects the growth interface curvature δR
, the axial temperature gradient within the crystal, the melt flow velocity, and the melting zone height HM
for THM growth. The HM
and the axial temperature gradients at the front of the growth interface gradually increase as the T
MAX increases, while the δR
decreases. As the T
MAX increases from 1031 K to 1034 K, the HM
increases by 45.68% from 41.16 mm to 59.96 mm; the δR
decreases by 269.14% from −1.62% to −5.98%, that is, the interface concavity significantly increases. The axial temperature gradient at the growth interface front increases by 29.55% from 4.23 K cm−1 to 5.48 K cm−1 ; the maximum velocity in the melting zone increases by 82.21% from 2.81 × 10−3 m s−1 to 5.12 × 10−3 m s−1 when the T
MAX increases from 1031 K to 1034 K. Therefore, the smaller the T
MAX, the smaller the interface concavity during the crystal growth, and the smaller the temperature gradient at the growth interface, which would be more conducive to the growth of high-quality crystals.
Recent advances in localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing technologies
Authors: Lin Xunjie , Luo Yunfei , Li Dongxian , Li Yue , Gong Tiancheng , Zhao Chengwei , Duan Ruiqi , Yue Weisheng , Wang Changtao
Published: February 2025

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is an optical phenomenon associated with noble metal nanostructures. The resonances result in sharp spectral absorption peaks as well as enhanced local electromagnetic fields, which have been widely used in chemical and biological sensing. Over the past decade, as label-free analytical method, LSPR sensors have gained considerable interest and undergone rapid development. In addition to conventional refractive-index sensing through resonant wavelength shift, molecular sensing by colorimetry and imaging techniques have also been developed. Moreover, the LSPR sensors have been integrated with other techniques such as micro/nano fluidics and artificial intelligence to enhance their functionality and performances. In this work, we provide an overview of the recent advancement in LSPR sensors technology, including refractive-index, colorimetric, and imaging-based sensors., as well as the incorporation of new technologies like artificial intelligence.
Regulating the hierarchical distribution of oxygen vacancies through Ce doping and NaBH4 reduction to enhance Co2NiO4 supercapacitor performance
Authors: Zhang Jialu , Wang Yan , Cai Wangfeng , Wang Zheng , Li Tong , Chen Peng , Lu Zhiyong , Li Haoze , Zhao Hui , Yue Youbin
Published: February 2025

In this study, Co2NiO4 with a tunable and hierarchical distribution of oxygen vacancies was synthesized via Ce doping and NaBH4 reduction to enhance its electrochemical performance. Ce doping through a hydrothermal method gave rise to lattice distortions and uniform oxygen vacancies at asymmetric sites, thereby improving the mobility and concentration of carriers within Co2NiO4. Moreover, the NaBH4 reduction process brought about a considerable number of oxygen vacancies and surface-active sites, both of which contributed to the increased conductivity and specific capacitance. Characterization results indicated that the Ce/Co2NiO4-Vo nanosheets with surface burrs exhibited an abundant distribution of oxygen vacancies, resulting in a boost of the material’s specific capacitance while ensuring stability. At a 1 A g−1 current density, these nanosheets achieved a maximum specific capacitance of 1493.6 F g−1. When tested at 10 A g−1, Ce/Co2NiO4-Vo retained 88.47% of its initial capacitance after undergoing 5000 cycles. The synthesized Ce/Co2NiO4-Vo was further combined with activated carbon (AC) to form an asymmetric supercapacitor configuration known as Ce/Co2NiO4-Vo//AC, attaining an 80.51 Wh kg−1 energy density at 800 W kg−1 power density. This study provides innovative strategies and highlights advancements in the high-performance supercapacitors and energy storage solutions.
Vortex dynamics study on an uniaxially textured YBCO/MgO superconducting film from magnetic measurements
Authors: Sanchez Cornejo H. , Bustamante Domínguez A. , Holmes Stuart Nicholas , Seo Jiwon , Albino Aguiar J. , Silva V.A.J. , Barnes Crispin HW , de los Santos Valladares Luis
Published: February 2025

The vortex dynamics of an undoped uniaxially textured YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) superconducting film grown onto a MgO (100) substrate was inspected by applying the vortex glass and collective-pinning models. The texture and structural characterization studied by XRD revealed a uniaxially (00l) YBCO layer, which coexists with minor Y2BaCuO5 and CuO phases. The temperature dependence of the magnetization in the superconducting state reveals a critical temperature TC = 88 K. By measuring the hysteresis loops (M(H)) at 10 - 70 K, the critical fields HC1, HC2, HP and Hirr were estimated and a vortex matter diagram is sketched. By using the Bean model, the critical current density values JC(T,H) are obtained and the typical peak effect is observed. The vortex dynamics mechanism is discussed taking into account four vortex feature regimes in the double-logarithmical JC(H) curves. The vortex pinning mechanism is discussed by obtaining the pining force, FP, its normalization, f(h), and magnetic relaxation M(t) measurements taken in field cooling (FC) mode at 10 – 60 K. The glassy exponent μ and the characteristic energy U(J, T) in the vortex glass model were estimated following the Maley method. The collective-pinning model is used to discuss the possible vortex regimes mechanism (individual flux lines, small bundles and large bundles of pinned flux). Eventually, the E(J) curves, expressed from the swept field and creep measurements, show a power-law behaviour, in agreement with the vortex matter.
In-situ synchronous measurement of deformation and temperature during quenching of HTS CC via digital image correlation-aided fluorescent thermometry
Authors: Li Yihao , Deng Jihua , Mu Nana , Zhou Jun , Zhang Xingyi
Published: February 2025

Second-generation high-temperature superconducting coated conductors (CCs) have excellent properties such as high irreversibility magnetic field, high critical current, and high critical temperature, which offer an extensive potential application. These conductors are typically employed in extremely complex environments characterized by low temperatures, high magnetic fields, and large current-carrying capacities, which lead to a pronounced coupling of mechanical, thermal, electrical, and magnetic fields. Currently, quenching represents a critical challenge limiting their application. To investigate the quenching mechanism and failure modes of superconducting CCs, this study has developed a method called digital image correlation-aided fluorescent thermometry (FT). Based on the different channels of a single color camera, this method facilitates in-situ, simultaneous measurement of deformation and temperature fields, while significantly minimizing the errors associated with positional changes that plague conventional FT. Through non-contact, comprehensive field measurements of the quenching process, triggered by uniaxial stretching of a superconducting CC at 77 K, it unveils the patterns of temperature and deformation during the propagation of quenching in superconducting CCs. This investigation lays the groundwork for future efforts in quench protection and design optimization.
Effects of Ni doping on vortex pinning in RbCa2(Fe1−x
Ni
x
)4As4F2 single crystals
Authors: Yi Xiaolei , Li Yigang , Meng Yan , Xing Xiangzhuo , Wang Chunlei , Shi Zhixiang
Published: February 2025

We investigate the correlation between chemical composition and vortex dynamics in Ni-doped RbCa2(Fe1−x
Ni
x
)4As4F2 (x = 0, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) single crystals using electrical transport and magnetization measurements. In the mixed state, the vortex slush phase, typically observed in a system with moderate disorder, gradually disappears as the Ni doping concentration increases. The activation energy U
0, derived from Arrhenius plots of resistivity, exhibits an H
−α
dependence and decreases progressively. Magnetic hysteresis loops measurements reveal the second magnetization peaks and its evolution from non-monotonic to monotonic behavior with temperature. A peak in critical current density J
c with Ni doping is observed, and the maximum J
c occurs at x = 0.03, with an estimated value of 1.7 × 106 A cm−2. The monotonic decline in T
c and non-monotonic variation in J
c suggest that the partial substitution of Fe by Ni increases the lattice disorder and improves the pinning performance. Referring to the Dew-Hughes model, the fitting results of vortex pinning force density against the reduced magnetic fields (h= H/H
irr and H/H
max) manifest that both normal point pinning and surface pinning contribute to the pinning effect on the critical current, with normal point pinning gaining prominence at higher Ni doping concentrations. The findings offer valuable insights into the role of chemical doping in vortex pinning and critical current density enhancement, deepening our understanding of the pinning mechanisms in iron-based superconductors with intergrowth structures.
Levitation force study of multi-degree-of-freedom HTS maglev crossing electromagnetic turnout
Authors: Peng Can , He Bin , Yang Bo , Yin Peiyu , Lei Wuyang , Deng Zigang
Published: February 2025

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev technology has gained significant attention for its self-stabilizing levitation and guidance properties. However, the development of electromagnetic turnouts for HTS maglev systems remains underexplored, limiting their application in complex rail networks. This study processed an electromagnetic turnout with trapezoidal switch pole based on the evaluation that incorporates magnetic field and gradients. The levitation force characteristics of HTS maglev during multiple turnout crossings are analyzed with released both lateral and yaw (BLY) degrees of freedom. Furthermore, three constraint states of the levitation system are examined and found that the BLY constraint significantly reduces levitation force fluctuations and ensures smoother turnout transitions. The findings provide critical insights for designing electromagnetic turnouts and optimizing constraint conditions for HTS maglev systems, offering potential for improved performance in turnout and complex curve crossings.
Path integral formulation in the central potential of Wigner-Dunkl quantum mechanics
Authors: Benzair Hadjira , Boudjedaa Tahar , Merad Mahmoud
Published: February 2025

A central coordinate system is investigated within the framework of the Wigner-Dunkl deformation of quantum mechanics, treated using Feynman’s path integral approach. This approach involves performing path integration of a Lagrangian in polar coordinates, with an effective potential term that depends on both radial and angular coordinates. The success in separating variables within the two-dimensional Dunkl system facilitated obtaining exact expressions for the propagators associated with the free particle, inverse square potential, harmonic oscillator, and Coulomb potential. The energy eigenvalues and their corresponding wave functions are also determined.
Physicochemical properties of sesame oil blending with sunflower oil
Authors: Viraneva A. , Marudova M. , Antova G. , Nikolova K. , Romova M. , Petkova Z. , Teneva O.
Published: February 2025

Vegetable oils can be adjusted by different methods to enhance their commercial applications. One of the easiest ways of creating new innovative products with desirable textured and oxidative properties is the mixing of vegetable oils of various concentrations. Vegetable oil blends are gaining popularity worldwide due to their advantages. Some oils have limited applications in their original form due to their chemical composition. Blending is one way to widen their commercial use. In the present paper blends (5:95, 10:90, 30:70, 50:50 70:30 and 90:10 w/w) of sesame oil with less stable edible oils like sunflower were investigated. Thus, the objective was to exploit the effect of the more potent antioxidant properties of oil blends to achieve longer shelf-life. The physicochemical properties of the blends as the fatty acid composition, thermal behavior differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), refractive indices and UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy were investigated. The blending of sesame oils with other vegetable oils would enable the initial properties of the oils to be modified or altered and provide functional and nutritional attributes for usage in various food applications, increasing the possibilities for the commercial use of these oils.
Composite porous biopolymer multilayer films as potential controlled delivery systems for tolfenamic acid
Authors: Grigorov A , Viraneva A , Marudova M , Zsivanovits G , Yovcheva T
Published: February 2025

The aim of this paper is to investigate the potential of composite porous biopolymer films, created by lyophilization of solutions of two different biopolymers (Poly-D-lactic acid/PLA and Poly-ɛ-caprolactone/PEC) at different mass ratios (pure PLA, 3-to-1, 1-to-1, 1-to-3 and pure PEC), for controlled release of a chosen bioactive substance (tolfenamic acid). For this purpose, the prepared porous films were charged under corona discharge in a standard triode system (consisting of a charging electrode/needle supplied with 5 kV of a chosen polarity, a grid supplied with 1 kV with the same polarity as the charging electrode/needle and a grounded electrode) with positive charges. A set number of chitosan and casein multilayers were deposited on the surface of the charged porous films using a standard layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique, with the bioactive material being loaded in the casein layers. The drug release kinetics and the total amount of released drug in a standard dissolution medium were determined with the use of a spectrometer.
Three-stage bias compensation method for target localization with inaccurate sensor locations
Authors: Li Liangdong , Xu Ziqi , Liu Wenru , Tang Xiafei , Zou Yiqun
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a new bearing-only three-stage bias compensation method (BWIVBC) for inaccurate sensor locations. In the first stage, the proposed method (BBC) estimates the target position consistently after compensating for the sensor measurement errors. In the second stage, based on the target estimate of the first stage, the Weighted instrumental variables (WIV) method is used to refine the target location estimation. In the third stage, the bias of the WIV method is further compensated, and the final target location estimate is obtained. The performance advantage of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation.
A non-homogeneous, non-stationary and path-dependent Markov anomalous diffusion model
Authors: Barraza Nestor R , Pena Gabriel , Gambini Juliana , Florencia Carusela M
Published: February 2025

A novel probabilistic framework for modelling anomalous diffusion is presented. The resulting process is Markovian, non-homogeneous, non-stationary, non-ergodic, and state-dependent. The fundamental law governing this process is driven by two opposing forces: one proportional to the current state, representing the intensity of autocorrelation or contagion, and another inversely proportional to the elapsed time, acting as a damping function. The interplay between these forces determines the diffusion regime, characterized by the ratio of their proportionality coefficients. This framework encompasses various regimes, including subdiffusion, Brownian non-Gaussian, superdiffusion, ballistic, and hyperballistic behaviours. The hyperballistic regime emerges when the correlation force dominates over damping, whereas a balance between these mechanisms results in a ballistic regime, which is also stationary. Crucially, non-stationarity is shown to be necessary for regimes other than ballistic. The model’s ability to describe hyperballistic phenomena has been demonstrated in applications such as epidemics, software reliability, and network traffic. Furthermore, deviations from Gaussianity are explored and violations of the central limit theorem are highlighted, supported by theoretical analysis and simulations. It will also be shown that the model exhibits a strong autocorrelation structure due to a position dependent jump probability.
“Virtual sensor” approach for damage localization in mechanical structures – methodology and experimental validation.
Authors: Merzak Leila , Saoutieff Elise , Ott Célestin , Boisseau Sebastien
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a refined framework for the development of digital twins in subsystem-level applications, leveraging a virtual sensor approach. To validate the proposed framework, a case study was conducted focusing on damage localization within a mechanical structure. By integrating physics-based models with data-driven techniques, the digital twin enables real-time monitoring and accurate damage localization using a reduced number of strain sensors. The digital twin developed operates in two phases: an offline phase for modeling and simulating virtual sensors, and an online phase that processes real-time strain data from the physical system. The results demonstrate that the digital twin accurately localizes damage in real-world mechanical structures, highlighting its potential for broad application in structural health monitoring.
Predicting process quality in multi-stage manufacturing using AE-BilA: an autoencoder-BiLSTM with attention mechanism
Authors: Hady Haider N. , Hadi Russul H. , Hassoon Omar Hashim , Hasan Ahmed M. , Humaidi Amjad J.
Published: February 2025

As industrial processes grow more complex and increasingly rely on data-driven operations, the need for accurate quality predictions in manufacturing systems has increased. This paper introduces AE-BiLA, an Autoencoder-Bidirectional LSTM framework augmented with an Attention mechanism, to predict quality in multi-stage manufacturing processes (MMP). By employing a stacked-LSTM autoencoder, the approach reduces high-dimensional, noisy data while preserving essential information. The resulting compressed features are then passed to a Bidirectional LSTM, where the Attention mechanism highlights significant temporal patterns.The proposed method was validated on a real-world MMP dataset. Stage 1 yielded an R^2 of 0.9452, reflecting strong capability in capturing upstream process dynamics. Stage 2 showed a lower R^2 of 0.7329, indicating increased complexity and variability at downstream stages. Notably, the Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE) in Stage 2 was 1.9319, compared to 19.3583 for Stage 1, underscoring the model’s robustness against outliers and noise in later stages. Future studies will investigate enhanced outlier mitigation methods and apply the proposed framework to diverse manufacturing scenarios, including batch and additive processes. Efforts will also center on refining computational efficiency for real-time deployment, ensuring AE-BiLA remains a scalable, intelligent solution for modern industrial quality monitoring.
The Influence of Networks on Workers’ Well-Being
Authors: Mahdon Michelle , Gerbasi Alexandra
Published: February 2025

A growing body of evidence highlights the importance for our well-being of positive social interactions with others and that, without such connections, one’s physical and mental well-being deteriorate. Recent research finds that the content and structure of workplace networks impact employees’ well-being. That is, the well-being of one’s contacts, and in turn, the well-being of their contacts’ connections, influences one’s well-being. This chapter reviews the latest research evidence examining how social interactions with others, the content of one’s ties, and one’s network structure and position influence well-being both within and outside the workplace. The chapter identifies and discusses future research that can spur the creation of network-based well-being interventions and how organizations can use insights from the existing literature to harness the power of networks to enhance workforce well-being.
Combining Networks and Coaching to Spur Professional Development and Change
Authors: Chrobot-Mason Donna , O’Malley Ali
Published: February 2025

Networking and coaching can be integrated and used as tools to help individuals clarify a professional path forward. This chapter discusses coaching at three levels, (a) self, (b) dyad, and (c) cohort, to offer insights from experiences in a variety of contexts. This case highlights the power of engaging in a four-step process to utilize networks for professional development and realizing professional dreams. These steps consist of: (a) reconceptualizing what a network is and how important networks are in professional and personal success, (b) diagnosing an existing network by identifying gaps such as ties to different, desired industries or professions and identifying the utilization or underutilization of various network strategies, (c) strategizing the use of various tactics and network strategies to improve one’s network, and (d) action planning next steps through coaching and/or asking questions to empower clients to set goals, determine next steps, and ensure accountability.
Removing Knowledge-Sharing Barriers at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Authors: Cavanaugh Katelyn , Middleton Eric , Berkheiser Matthew
Published: February 2025

Recognizing the importance of knowledge sharing, leaders of a large, complex division within an academic healthcare institution sought information to guard against disruption by the retirement of key knowledge holders and improve the division’s overall functioning. A research-practice partnership was built to address these needs. The team undertook a three-phase process, which included a deep background investigation into the current state of the division, six intradepartmental active organizational network analyses focused on knowledge sharing within each department, and one interdepartmental active organizational network analysis focused on knowledge sharing among leadership teams in the division. Each phase revealed numerous insights, which informed the next steps. Insights were shared via customized reports with stakeholders. Division leaders reported that the results seemed accurate, the process was valuable, some misconceptions were corrected, and the insights informed several key decisions.