bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘There are no Victims Here’: Ethnography of a reintegration shelter for survivors of trafficking in Bangladesh
Authors: Bose Diya
Published: April 2018

This article, based on nine months of ethnographic data from a reintegration shelter for survivors of trafficking in Bangladesh, examines the tensions between claims of empowerment and the disempowering practices that undermine an organisation’s liberatory objective. The author documents how the leadership and other staff of an anti-trafficking NGO engage in regulating survivors’ desires, directing their desires by demanding that they perform a desire to engage in particular modes of self-improvement, and rehabilitating their desires to seek gender-conforming occupations. These three strategies together constitute disciplining desire, which I identify as a process of othering of poor Third World women and cultivating an ideal survivor subjectivity that conforms to gender and class expectations in the name of ‘reintegration’. This account encourages researchers to critically consider the micro-interactions that undermine the emancipatory goals within women’s empowerment regimes in the Global South.
Introdução do coeficiente de uniformidade para avaliação de revestimentos asfálticos do tipo tratamentos superficiais
Authors: Costa da Silva Raimi , De Araújo Barroso Suelly Helena , Kim Youngsoo Richard
Published: April 2018

O Tratamento Superficial por Penetração (TSP) é o revestimento mais empregado no Brasil em Rodovias de Baixo Volume de Tráfego. Após investigações de campo e de laboratório, observou-se que os principais defeitos dos TSPs são a perda de agregados e a exsudação que podem comprometer o seu desempenho, bem como aumentar os seus custos. No Brasil, ainda existem poucos estudos de dosagem e de avaliação dos TSPs na fase de laboratório para mitigar esses dois defeitos. Sendo assim, investigaram-se metodologias americanas como as utilizadas na North Carolina State University e verificou-se que o coeficiente chamado de PUC (Performance-Based Uniformity Coefficient) é um parâmetro associado à distribuição granulométrica do agregado que apresenta potencial de prever a exsudação e a desagregação desse tipo de revestimento. Concluiu-se que o PUC é um excelente parâmetro para ser introduzido em procedimentos de dosagem de TSP no Brasil e que as faixas recomendadas pelo DNIT para TSP devem ser revistas.
Attention Effects on Neural Population Representations for Shape and Location Are Stronger in the Ventral than Dorsal Stream
Authors: Sereno Anne B. , Lehky Sidney R.
Published: April 2018

We examined how attention causes neural population representations of shape and location to change in ventral stream (AIT) and dorsal stream (LIP). Monkeys performed two identical delayed-match-to-sample (DMTS) tasks, attending either to shape or location. In AIT, shapes were more discriminable when directing attention to shape rather than location, measured by an increase in mean distance between population response vectors. In LIP, attending to location rather than shape did not increase the discriminability of different stimulus locations. Even when factoring out the change in mean vector response distance, multidimensional scaling (MDS) still showed a significant task difference in AIT, but not LIP, indicating that beyond increasing discriminability, attention also causes a nonlinear warping of representation space in AIT. Despite single-cell attentional modulations in both areas, our data show that attentional modulations of population representations are weaker in LIP, likely due to a need to maintain veridical representations for visuomotor control.
GDNF, Neurturin, and Artemin Activate and Sensitize Bone Afferent Neurons and Contribute to Inflammatory Bone Pain
Authors: Nencini Sara , Ringuet Mitchell , Kim Dong-Hyun , Greenhill Claire , Ivanusic Jason J.
Published: April 2018

Pain associated with skeletal pathology or disease is a significant clinical problem, but the mechanisms that generate and/or maintain it remain poorly understood. In this study, we explored roles for GDNF, neurturin, and artemin signaling in bone pain using male Sprague Dawley rats. We have shown that inflammatory bone pain involves activation and sensitization of peptidergic, NGF-sensitive neurons via artemin/GDNF family receptor α-3 (GFRα3) signaling pathways, and that sequestering artemin might be useful to prevent inflammatory bone pain derived from activation of NGF-sensitive bone afferent neurons. In addition, we have shown that inflammatory bone pain also involves activation and sensitization of nonpeptidergic neurons via GDNF/GFRα1 and neurturin/GFRα2 signaling pathways, and that sequestration of neurturin, but not GDNF, might be useful to treat inflammatory bone pain derived from activation of nonpeptidergic bone afferent neurons. Our findings suggest that GDNF family ligand signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of bone pain and could be targets for pharmacological manipulations to treat it.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPain associated with skeletal pathology, including bone cancer, bone marrow edema syndromes, osteomyelitis, osteoarthritis, and fractures causes a major burden (both in terms of quality of life and cost) on individuals and health care systems worldwide. We have shown the first evidence of a role for GDNF, neurturin, and artemin in the activation and sensitization of bone afferent neurons, and that sequestering these ligands reduces pain behavior in a model of inflammatory bone pain. Thus, GDNF family ligand signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of bone pain and could be targets for pharmacological manipulations to treat it.
Temporal Response Properties of Accessory Olfactory Bulb Neurons: Limitations and Opportunities for Decoding
Authors: Yoles-Frenkel Michal , Kahan Anat , Ben-Shaul Yoram
Published: April 2018

The vomeronasal system (VNS) is a major vertebrate chemosensory system that functions in parallel to the main olfactory system (MOS). Despite many similarities, the two systems dramatically differ in the temporal domain. While MOS responses are governed by breathing and follow a subsecond temporal scale, VNS responses are uncoupled from breathing and evolve over seconds. This suggests that the contribution of response dynamics to stimulus information will differ between these systems. While temporal dynamics in the MOS are widely investigated, similar analyses in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) are lacking. Here, we have addressed this issue using controlled stimulus delivery to the vomeronasal organ of male and female mice. We first analyzed the temporal properties of AOB projection neurons and demonstrated that neurons display prolonged, variable, and neuron-specific characteristics. We then analyzed various decoding schemes using AOB population responses. We showed that compared with the simplest scheme (i.e., integration of spike counts over the entire response period), the division of this period into smaller temporal bins actually yields poorer decoding accuracy. However, optimal classification accuracy can be achieved well before the end of the response period by integrating spike counts within temporally defined windows. Since VNS stimulus uptake is variable, we analyzed decoding using limited information about stimulus uptake time, and showed that with enough neurons, such time-invariant decoding is feasible. Finally, we conducted simulations that demonstrated that, unlike the main olfactory bulb, the temporal features of AOB neurons disfavor decoding with high temporal accuracy, and, rather, support decoding without precise knowledge of stimulus uptake time.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA key goal in sensory system research is to identify which metrics of neuronal activity are relevant for decoding stimulus features. Here, we describe the first systematic analysis of temporal coding in the vomeronasal system (VNS), a chemosensory system devoted to socially relevant cues. Compared with the main olfactory system, timescales of VNS function are inherently slower and variable. Using various analyses of real and simulated data, we show that the consideration of response times relative to stimulus uptake can aid the decoding of stimulus information from neuronal activity. However, response properties of accessory olfactory bulb neurons favor decoding schemes that do not rely on the precise timing of stimulus uptake. Such schemes are consistent with the variable nature of VNS stimulus uptake.
Remote Memory and Cortical Synaptic Plasticity Require Neuronal CCCTC-Binding Factor (CTCF)
Authors: Kim Somi , Yu Nam-Kyung , Shim Kyu-Won , Kim Ji-il , Kim Hyopil , Han Dae Hee , Choi Ja Eun , Lee Seung-Woo , Choi Dong Il , Kim Myung Won , Lee Dong-Sung , Lee Kyungmin , Galjart Niels , Lee Yong-Seok , Lee Jae-Hyung , Kaang Bong-Kiun
Published: April 2018

The molecular mechanism of long-term memory has been extensively studied in the context of the hippocampus-dependent recent memory examined within several days. However, months-old remote memory maintained in the cortex for long-term has not been investigated much at the molecular level yet. Various epigenetic mechanisms are known to be important for long-term memory, but how the 3D chromatin architecture and its regulator molecules contribute to neuronal plasticity and systems consolidation is still largely unknown. CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is an 11-zinc finger protein well known for its role as a genome architecture molecule. Male conditional knock-out mice in which CTCF is lost in excitatory neurons during adulthood showed normal recent memory in the contextual fear conditioning and spatial water maze tasks. However, they showed remarkable impairments in remote memory in both tasks. Underlying the remote memory-specific phenotypes, we observed that female CTCF conditional knock-out mice exhibit disrupted cortical LTP, but not hippocampal LTP. Similarly, we observed that CTCF deletion in inhibitory neurons caused partial impairment of remote memory. Through RNA sequencing, we observed that CTCF knockdown in cortical neuron culture caused altered expression of genes that are highly involved in cell adhesion, synaptic plasticity, and memory. These results suggest that remote memory storage in the cortex requires CTCF-mediated gene regulation in neurons, whereas recent memory formation in the hippocampus does not.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a well-known 3D genome architectural protein that regulates gene expression. Here, we use two different CTCF conditional knock-out mouse lines and reveal, for the first time, that CTCF is critically involved in the regulation of remote memory. We also show that CTCF is necessary for appropriate expression of genes, many of which we found to be involved in the learning- and memory-related processes. Our study provides behavioral and physiological evidence for the involvement of CTCF-mediated gene regulation in the remote long-term memory and elucidates our understanding of systems consolidation mechanisms.
The Neural Correlates of Hierarchical Predictions for Perceptual Decisions
Authors: Weilnhammer Veith A. , Stuke Heiner , Sterzer Philipp , Schmack Katharina
Published: April 2018

Sensory information is inherently noisy, sparse, and ambiguous. In contrast, visual experience is usually clear, detailed, and stable. Bayesian theories of perception resolve this discrepancy by assuming that prior knowledge about the causes underlying sensory stimulation actively shapes perceptual decisions. The CNS is believed to entertain a generative model aligned to dynamic changes in the hierarchical states of our volatile sensory environment. Here, we used model-based fMRI to study the neural correlates of the dynamic updating of hierarchically structured predictions in male and female human observers. We devised a crossmodal associative learning task with covertly interspersed ambiguous trials in which participants engaged in hierarchical learning based on changing contingencies between auditory cues and visual targets. By inverting a Bayesian model of perceptual inference, we estimated individual hierarchical predictions, which significantly biased perceptual decisions under ambiguity. Although “high-level” predictions about the cue–target contingency correlated with activity in supramodal regions such as orbitofrontal cortex and hippocampus, dynamic “low-level” predictions about the conditional target probabilities were associated with activity in retinotopic visual cortex. Our results suggest that our CNS updates distinct representations of hierarchical predictions that continuously affect perceptual decisions in a dynamically changing environment.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBayesian theories posit that our brain entertains a generative model to provide hierarchical predictions regarding the causes of sensory information. Here, we use behavioral modeling and fMRI to study the neural underpinnings of such hierarchical predictions. We show that “high-level” predictions about the strength of dynamic cue–target contingencies during crossmodal associative learning correlate with activity in orbitofrontal cortex and the hippocampus, whereas “low-level” conditional target probabilities were reflected in retinotopic visual cortex. Our findings empirically corroborate theorizations on the role of hierarchical predictions in visual perception and contribute substantially to a longstanding debate on the link between sensory predictions and orbitofrontal or hippocampal activity. Our work fundamentally advances the mechanistic understanding of perceptual inference in the human brain.
Macrophage Depletion Ameliorates Peripheral Neuropathy in Aging Mice
Authors: Yuan Xidi , Klein Dennis , Kerscher Susanne , West Brian L. , Weis Joachim , Katona Istvan , Martini Rudolf
Published: April 2018

Aging is known as a major risk factor for the structure and function of the nervous system. There is urgent need to overcome such deleterious effects of age-related neurodegeneration. Here we show that peripheral nerves of 24-month-old aging C57BL/6 mice of either sex show similar pathological alterations as nerves from aging human individuals, whereas 12-month-old adult mice lack such alterations. Specifically, nerve fibers showed demyelination, remyelination and axonal lesion. Moreover, in the aging mice, neuromuscular junctions showed features typical for dying-back neuropathies, as revealed by a decline of presynaptic markers, associated with α-bungarotoxin-positive postsynapses. In line with these observations were reduced muscle strengths. These alterations were accompanied by elevated numbers of endoneurial macrophages, partially comprising the features of phagocytosing macrophages. Comparable profiles of macrophages could be identified in peripheral nerve biopsies of aging persons. To determine the pathological impact of macrophages in aging mice, we selectively targeted the cells by applying an orally administered CSF-1R specific kinase (c-FMS) inhibitor. The 6-month-lasting treatment started before development of degenerative changes at 18 months and reduced macrophage numbers in mice by ∼70%, without side effects. Strikingly, nerve structure was ameliorated and muscle strength preserved. We show, for the first time, that age-related degenerative changes in peripheral nerves are driven by macrophages. These findings may pave the way for treating degeneration in the aging peripheral nervous system by targeting macrophages, leading to reduced weakness, improved mobility, and eventually increased quality of life in the elderly.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAging is a major risk factor for the structure and function of the nervous system. Here we show that peripheral nerves of 24-month-old aging mice show similar degenerative alterations as nerves from aging human individuals. Both in mice and humans, these alterations were accompanied by endoneurial macrophages. To determine the pathological impact of macrophages in aging mice, we selectively targeted the cells by blocking a cytokine receptor, essential for macrophage survival. The treatment strongly reduced macrophage numbers and substantially improved nerve structure and muscle strength. We show, for the first time, that age-related degenerative changes in peripheral nerves are driven by macrophages. These findings may be helpful for treatment weakness and reduced mobility in the elderly.
Encoding of Serial Order in Working Memory: Neuronal Activity in Motor, Premotor, and Prefrontal Cortex during a Memory Scanning Task
Authors: Carpenter Adam F. , Baud-Bovy Gabriel , Georgopoulos Apostolos P. , Pellizzer Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

We have adapted Sternberg's context-recall task to investigate the neural mechanisms of encoding serial order information in working memory, in 2 male rhesus monkeys. We recorded from primary motor, premotor, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while the monkeys performed the task. In each cortical area, most neurons displayed marked modulation of activity during the list presentation period of the task, whereas the serial order of the stimuli needed to be encoded in working memory. The activity of many neurons changed in a consistent manner over the course of the list presentation period, without regard to the location of the stimuli presented. Remarkably, these neurons encoded serial position information in a relative (rather than absolute) manner across different list lengths. In addition, many neurons showed activity related to both location and serial position, in the form of an interaction effect. Surprisingly, the activity of these neurons was often modulated by the location of stimuli presented before the epoch in which the activity changes occurred. In motor and premotor areas, a large proportion of neurons with list presentation activity also showed direction-related activity during the response phase, whereas in prefrontal cortex most cells showed only list presentation effects. These results show that many neurons had a heterogeneous functionality by representing distinct task variables at different periods of the task. Finally, potential confounds could not account for the effects observed. For these reasons, we conclude that these neurons were indeed participating in sequence encoding in working memory.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTraditionally, primary motor, premotor, and prefrontal areas have been considered to be mainly engaged in motor output, visuomotor transformation, and higher cognitive functions, respectively. Here we show that neurons in all three cortical regions participate in the encoding of a sequence of spatial stimuli in working memory. Furthermore, a central question in cognitive neuroscience has been the manner in which the position of an item within a sequence is encoded in the brain. Our findings provide direct neurophysiological support for a specific hypothesis from cognitive psychology: that of relative coding of serial order.
Dopamine Triggers CTCF-Dependent Morphological and Genomic Remodeling of Astrocytes
Authors: Galloway Ashley , Adeluyi Adewale , O'Donovan Bernadette , Fisher Miranda L. , Rao Chintada Nageswara , Critchfield Peyton , Sajish Mathew , Turner Jill R. , Ortinski Pavel I.
Published: April 2018

Dopamine is critical for processing of reward and etiology of drug addiction. Astrocytes throughout the brain express dopamine receptors, but consequences of astrocytic dopamine receptor signaling are not well established. We found that extracellular dopamine triggered rapid concentration-dependent stellation of astrocytic processes that was not a result of dopamine oxidation but instead relied on both cAMP-dependent and cAMP-independent dopamine receptor signaling. This was accompanied by reduced duration and increased frequency of astrocytic Ca2+transients, but little effect on astrocytic voltage-gated potassium channel currents. To isolate possible mechanisms underlying these structural and functional changes, we used whole-genome RNA sequencing and found prominent dopamine-induced enrichment of genes containing the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) motif, suggesting involvement of chromatin restructuring in the nucleus. CTCF binding to promoter sites bidirectionally regulates gene transcription and depends on activation of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). Accordingly, antagonism of PARP1 occluded dopamine-induced changes, whereas a PARP1 agonist facilitated dopamine-induced changes on its own. These results indicate that astrocyte response to elevated dopamine involves PARP1-mediated CTCF genomic restructuring and concerted expression of gene networks. Our findings propose epigenetic regulation of chromatin landscape as a critical factor in the rapid astrocyte response to dopamine.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough dopamine is widely recognized for its role in modulating neuronal responses both in healthy and disease states, little is known about dopamine effects at non-neuronal cells in the brain. To address this gap, we performed whole-genome sequencing of astrocytes exposed to elevated extracellular dopamine and combined it with evaluation of effects on astrocyte morphology and function. We demonstrate a temporally dynamic pattern of genomic plasticity that triggers pronounced changes in astrocyte morphology and function. We further show that this plasticity depends on activation of genes sensitive to DNA-binding protein CTCF. Our results propose that a broad pattern of astrocyte responses to dopamine specifically relies on CTCF-dependent gene networks.
The Grief of Mothers After the Sudden Unexpected Death of Their Infants
Authors: Goldstein Richard D. , Lederman Ruth I. , Lichtenthal Wendy G. , Morris Sue E. , Human Melanie , Elliott Amy J. , Tobacco Deb , Angal Jyoti , Odendaal Hein , Kinney Hannah C. , Prigerson Holly G. ,   for the PASS Network
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:

The loss of a child is associated with elevated grief severity, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of postneonatal mortality in the United States. The diagnosis of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) has gained broader acceptance and use. Little is known about PGD in mothers after SIDS.

METHODS:

Between May 2013 and July 2016, we assessed 49 SIDS-bereaved mothers living in informal settlements near Cape Town, South Africa, and on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and 359 SIDS-bereaved mothers affiliated with SIDS parent-support organizations in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and the Netherlands. We examined PGD symptom severity and diagnostic prevalence rates between the samples and other significant grief indicators during the period 2 to 48 months after the deaths of their infants.

RESULTS:

Extremely high, persistent, and similar rates of PGD were found in both samples at every time interval. The prevalence of PGD was 50.0% in either sample (mean months from loss: 20.5 vs 24.9). Daily, intrusive emotional pain or yearning was found in 68.1% of subjects; yearning was significantly associated with emotional pain (P < .0001). Role confusion and anger were the most prevalent symptoms, reported by the majority at every time interval. Rates of role confusion, anger, and diminished trust in others remained constant. Acceptance was less prevalent than other grief indicators at every interval.

CONCLUSIONS:

Severe symptoms and heightened risk for PGD was seen in mothers after their infants died of SIDS, with discernible symptom profiles. Given their involvement with families after SIDS, pediatricians may have a unique role in identifying this problem and helping address its consequences.
Sensitivity study for stochastic finite-fault model in eastern North America
Authors: Eftekhari Seyed Nasrollah , Fallah Tafti Mohammad , Yazdani Azad
Published: April 2018

The reliability of structures depends on the uncertainties of random characteristics of strong ground motions. This study investigates the sensitivity level of the stochastic finite-fault ground-motion simulation model in response to major uncertain input variables, with special focus on eastern North America. The finite-fault model is one of the most useful methods to simulate ground motion for a large earthquake. The variance-based sensitivity analysis using the Monte Carlo-based procedure is considered to compute the set of sensitivity indices of the input variables to estimate the contribution of each uncertain input parameter. The variables that have a dominant influence on the uncertainty of simulated ground motions are identified. The analytical results show that the stress parameter, fault model variables (including faulting geometry, heterogeneous slip distribution and location of hypocentre within fault plane) and site-amplification factor are the main sources of uncertainty, while path variables, such as distance, anelastic attenuation and upper crust attenuation, have relatively little effect.
Advancing tunnelling: the Victorian engineering management legacy
Authors: Edmondson Vikki , Sherratt Fred , Roff Richard , Levett Andy
Published: April 2018

Victorians are often held up as giants in civil engineering, able to build, span and tunnel in ways that had never been seen before, and still provide much of contemporary infrastructure. Their legacy can be easily seen in the railway networks of Great Britain, which demanded some of the most difficult and challenging civil engineering ever seen. As a consequence of such endeavours, the Victorian times also saw the emergence of the ‘celebrity’ engineers, stellar figures who first experienced the shift away from technical and site-based practices and moved instead towards the management and leadership of construction works, a professional legacy that arguably remains today. Such figures also served to anonymise further the construction workers or navvies, who were already working in dangerous and unhealthy conditions on projects where the loss of life was felt to be inevitable. Unpacking Victorian railway tunnelling operations not only duly acknowledges the spectacular feats of engineering that society inherited from them but also reveals how their legacy has contributed to the ways in which tunnelling operations are mobilised today. It is argued that such contributions should be recognised and consciously rebalanced if the next steps are to be taken to improve tunnelling operations within the profession of civil engineering today.
Particle shape factors and fractal dimension after large shear strains in carbonate sand
Authors: Zhang X. , Hu W. , Scaringi G. , Baudet B. A. , Han W.
Published: April 2018

Changes of grain shape and breakage under compression and shearing can affect the mechanical properties of granular soils. In this work, a parametric study was performed through ring-shear tests on carbonate sand, under σn = 600 kPa and v = 6 mm/min, to evaluate the evolution of particle breakage, fractal dimension and particle shape with the shear strain. Breakage mostly occurred for γ ≤ 4000%, with a consequent increase in fractal dimension. Under larger strains, only negligible breakage occurred, while the particles became more rounded, and the fractal dimension increased only slightly. Interestingly, the shape factors also tend towards similar values for particles of any size larger than 0·063 mm after large shearing. This indicates that these particles tend towards a self-similar form – and hence scale invariance – when the grading reaches a fractal particle size distribution. Some tests were also performed on soils with different median size and coefficient of uniformity, which showed that larger particles and poorly graded soils are more prone to breakage, and are closer to a fractal distribution after shearing. Conversely, the final particle shape did not seem to be affected by grading and size significantly.
Assessment of ground pressure through soil–structure interaction
Authors: Hsi Jeff , Lee Chenhui , Miller Thomas
Published: April 2018

The Sydney Metro Northwest involves construction of a fully automated metro rail network in New South Wales, Australia. The underground stations are delivered under two contracts: the Tunnels and Station Civils contract, responsible for the excavation and temporary support, and the Operations, Trains and Systems contract, responsible for the station structures. At the Castle Hill station, the excavation intersects a regional Dural Dome fault, resulting in a rock wedge measuring approximately 20 m high by 80 m long being exposed during excavation. Due to the limited design life of the temporary support, the ground pressure will ultimately be transferred to the station walls. Capturing this, as well as the beneficial effects of the stress relaxation due to the initial excavation, is crucial in achieving an optimised design. This paper presents the integrated ground–structure interaction approach adopted for the permanent walls’ design, which resulted in optimised design ground pressures and station wall thicknesses.
Defining the social value of transport infrastructure
Authors: Kalyviotis Nikolaos , Rogers Christopher D F , Tight Miles R , Hewings Geoffrey J D , Doloi Hemanta
Published: April 2018

A value proposition articulates the essence of a business, defining how products and services are assembled and delivered to final users in order to meet their needs. Maslow developed value curves of the human need groups relative to time, and the sum of the curves yields an almost sigmoid curve. Winters and others created transportation groups of needs including safety and security, time, societal acceptance, cost and comfort and convenience. This research studied social value as something holistically affected by all the mentioned factors by asking individuals, in a structured interview process that was representative of the UK’s demography, to evaluate the social value of eight transport modes. The hypothesis tested is that the value to the individual relative to the aforementioned factors should have an almost sigmoid curve. This was verified: the social value function fits with the hyperbolic tangent function. Accordingly, the geometric form is used to represent the exponential increase in the studied phenomenon for a period of time, followed by a levelling off at the critical point. The inference is if infrastructures’ social evaluation has passed the critical point, they do not require further investments as the social value growth is slow.
Pond ash–kaolinite–fibre-based geopolymers: processing and strength assessment
Authors: Surapreddi Sreyashrao , Ghosh Priyanka , Biswas Krishanu
Published: April 2018

Utilisation of fly/pond ash has been a great concern across the world over the last two and half decades. Therefore, a need arose to evolve an effective and sustainable procedure to utilise such hazardous waste material. This work explores the judicious addition of fibre and kaolinite in pond ash-based geopolymers. The shear strength parameters, peak deviatoric stress, stress–strain relationships and microstructure of such geopolymers were investigated and reported. In this study, the geopolymer paste was cast in a mould and an unconsolidated undrained triaxial test was performed on the sample. Pond ash- and pond ash–kaolinite-based geopolymers are found to exhibit excellent strength. It is observed that the strength of geopolymers increases with increase in the level of kaolinite. It is additionally observed that an addition of fibres enhances the ductility and strength of simple pond ash-based geopolymers, whereas with an increase in the kaolinite level, the impact of fibres on the strength of pond ash–kaolinite-based geopolymers becomes negligible.
A labour of liberation
Authors: Bisaillon Laura
Published: April 2018

n/a
The clinic and elsewhere
Authors: Boekhoven Jeroen
Published: April 2018

n/a
The Logic of the Copy, from Appropriation to Choreography
Authors: Kappenberg Claudia
Published: April 2018

No abstract availableThis article was originally published by Parallel Press, an imprint of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries, as part of The International Journal of Screendance, Volume 1 (2010), Parallel Press. It is made available here with the kind permission of Parallel Press.
The Spectacle of Difference: Dance and Disability on Screen
Authors: Whatley Sarah
Published: April 2018

No abstract availableThis article was originally published by Parallel Press, an imprint of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries, as part of The International Journal of Screendance, Volume 1 (2010), Parallel Press. It is made available here with the kind permission of Parallel Press.
Needs of the caregivers of people requiring palliative care in an urban area of Pondicherry, South India
Authors: Daya A. Praveena , Sarkar Sonali , Kar Sitanshu Sekhar
Published: April 2018

Background: There is an increasing need to provide palliative care services globally. All these chronic, life limiting diseases not only affect the patients but also affect their caregivers in various aspects. The aim of the study was to assess the needs of caregivers of people requiring palliative care in an urban area of Pondicherry, South India.Methods: An exploratory descriptive study was conducted in 1004 households with 3554 individuals in two selected areas under an urban PHC in Pondicherry. Needs of the 21 caregivers who provided care for 22 patients were studied using Needs Assessment Tool: Progressive Disease (NAT: PD). Data was analysed using IBM SPSS Software version 20. Levels of concern for various domains were rated subjectively as none, some, significant and expressed in proportions. Content analysis was done for the qualitative data after translation and transcription.Results: Caregivers faced physical, psychological, financial, social and spiritual issues related to care-giving. Physical issues reported were sleeplessness, fatigue and back pain. Common psychological issues reported were depression, hopelessness and getting tensed frequently. Financial issues of caregivers were related to loss of income and loss of family savings for the treatment charges of patients. Social issues observed were avoiding going out or attending festivals, lack of social support and lack of time to spend enough time with their spouse and children.Conclusions: Caregivers are exposed to a long-term stress starting from the diagnosis of the patient’s illness continuing even after the death of patient. So in this way the caregivers are exposed to higher level of stress than the patients, which needs to be addressed appropriately.
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody - negative Churg-Strauss syndrome presenting as non-healing ulcer on finger and associated lichen amyloidosis: a case report
Authors: Fathima Sharim , S. R. Jisy
Published: April 2018

Churg Strauss syndrome (CSS) also known as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (EGPA), is a rare disease manifested by hypereosinophilia, vasculitis and extravascular granuloma. We report a case of 72 year old male with history of asthma and allergic rhinitis who presented with non-healing ulcer on dorsum of left middle finger and petechial lesions on forearms. Investigations revealed marked eosinophilia, elevated IgE, negative antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), histopathologic examination showed granulomatous vasculitis and CSS was diagnosed using ACR criteria. We report this case because of rarity of disease and the importance of recognizing similar presentation for early diagnosis and treatment of this life threatening syndrome.
Direitos da natureza: reflexões sobre possíveis fundamentos axiológicos
Authors: Gonçalves Daniel Diniz , Tárrega Maria Cristina Vidotte Blanco
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo propõe-se a discutir o fundamento axiológico de um paradigma ecocentrista. Primeiramente, será exposta uma análise axiológica das racionalidades que orientam o modelo antropocêntrico, a saber, a economicista e a cientificista, que reputam que a natureza é um mero objeto, mero instrumental, para a promoção dos interesses dos seres humanos, ou mais propriamente, de alguns seres humanos. São desvelados os efeitos cruéis dessa percepção absolutista do antropocentrismo, materializados em desastres naturais de todo o tipo, que comprometem a qualidade de vida e a própria existência do ser humano, denunciando-se, assim, sua falência paradigmática. Prosseguindo, serão traçadas as características do paradigma ecocentrista, especialmente na construção de um amparo axiológico ao mesmo, o que se desenvolve através de reflexões filosóficas sobre um valor intrínseco à natureza. O valor intrínseco da natureza é abordado através de uma revisitação do conceito de razão, que é hermeneuticamente reconstruído, com espeque na ética andina. Na conclusão, serão pontuadas as implicações de uma nova ética da natureza sobre as relações entre os homens e entre o homem e a natureza.
Ética jurídica crítica da alteridade: seus fundamentos no pensamento da libertação de Enrique Dussel
Authors: Fagundes Lucas Machado , Wolkmer Antonio Carlos
Published: April 2018

O pensamento jurídico crítico é um tema com várias fontes de fundamentação, muitas delas inseridas no contexto da racionalidade moderna ou na racionalidade pós-moderna. Assim, delimitando a questão da fundamentação do pensamento jurídico crítico, cabe referir que este é arquitetado desde a relação interdisciplinar que lhe caracteriza como criticidade; por essa razão, a filosofia e a ética ocupam um papel fundamental para consolidação destas vertentes de pensamento. No entanto, as variadas perspectivas éticas acompanham um desenvolvimento centrado na realidade histórica em que são construídas. Logo, algumas éticas são forjadas no projeto da modernidade como universais, mesmo que partindo de contextos particulares, os quais se tornam cânones para verificação da validade e são impingidos como verdades a todas as partes do mundo ocidental. Isso pode ser exemplificado na centralidade e na potência auferida ao indivíduo e a sociedade egoísta fruto da modernidade norte-eurocêntrica. Assim, o problema central que ocupa a presente reflexão se dá no sentido de que as éticas fundamentadoras do projeto da modernidade encontraram esgotamento e, juntamente a isso ocorre a emergência de outras perspectivas éticas desestabilizadoras criticamente, que se apresentam como alternativas. Diante disso, a ética da libertação latino-americana, elaborada por Enrique Dussel é uma destas hipóteses que emergem como possibilidade de crítica ao pensamento moderno, com isto o objetivo do texto é verificar as potencialidades da ética da libertação como crítica jurídica, especificamente analisando os materiais e categorias que auxiliam na reflexão e na consolidação de uma proposta ética fundamentadora. Tais objetivos serão buscados por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e Analética, que irá privilegiar uma metodologia interdisciplinar. Portanto, o presente estudo revela desde a crise da modernidade em sua perspectiva ética, um fundamento alternativo e crítico, que contribui com materiais para refletir uma ética jurídica da libertação latino-americana.
Código-fonte, Linux e Supercomputadores: a relação entre Direito e Tecnologia
Authors: Feres Marcos Vinício Chein , Oliveira Jordan Vinicius de , Abbas da Silva Lorena
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo visa analisar, por meio do estudo de caso do núcleo Linux, o marco legislativo brasileiro que regula os programas de computador. O problema de pesquisa investiga se existe uma relação necessária entre a proteção jurídica do programa de computador e o fechamento da tecnologia contida em seu código-fonte. A partir da teoria do viver plenamente a lei e das regras de inferência, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa empírica e uma análise qualitativa. O principal resultado é de que o fechamento do código-fonte deriva de um sistema proprietário e legalista de concepção do software, o que contradiz a moralidade da aspiração dos direitos de propriedade intelectual.
Fins do princípio do poluidor-pagador
Authors: Gordilho Heron José de Santana , Pimenta Paulo Roberto Lyrio
Published: April 2018

O artigo versa sobre os fins do princípio do poluidor-pagador. Surgido há mais de quatro décadas, por meio de uma Recomendação do Conselho da Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE), esse princípio teve o seu âmbito de aplicação ampliado, o que gerou uma confusão na doutrina quanto ao seu verdadeiro significado. O princípio apareceu como uma fórmula para atribuir ao poluidor os custos realizados pelo Estado na adoção de medidas de prevenção à degradação ambiental, evitando-se, destarte, que tais custos fossem imputados a toda coletividade. A posterior utilização do princípio para reparar os gastos oriundos do dano ambiental, levou parte da doutrina a reduzi-lo a um mero princípio de atribuição de responsabilidade ambiental. Essa postura representa um grave equívoco, que não se coaduna com a regulamentação constitucional do princípio, conferida pela Constituição Federal de 1988. Ao final do estudo, realizado tendo como marco teórico a doutrina alemã, será estabelecido como fim principal do princípio a prevenção da degradação ambiental, sendo a finalidade reparatória acessória, sem apresentar, todavia, natureza sancionatória. Este é um trabalho de pesquisa bibliográfica, realizada pelo método dedutivo.
Relendo o debate entre Hart e Dworkin: uma crítica aos positivismos interpretativos
Authors: Streck Lenio Luiz , Motta Francisco José Borges
Published: April 2018

Com este trabalho, pretendemos lançar uma crítica a variações atuais do positivismo jurídico. Para tanto, consideramos útil, ainda hoje, traçar a trajetória do debate Hart-Dworkin como espécie de espinha dorsal da teoria dworkiniana sobre o direito válido, apresentada na forma de ataque geral (general attack) ao positivismo jurídico. Na sequência, expomos brevemente a teoria de Dworkin e como ela encaminha a polêmica que segue hoje. Por fim, propomos uma reflexão a respeito da via interpretativa deixada aos positivismos.
Legal Protection on the Right of Geographical Indication for Micro and Small Business in Indonesia
Authors: Yustisia Chandra Eka , Soraya Annisya Dwi , . Pujiyono
Published: April 2018

Geographical indication is a part of intellectual property rights. Indonesia has the model of legal protection on it. But many unfair competitions that come from other country, espesially it is called passing of through international market. Actually there is several international convention provisions that regulate Geographical Indication covering international registration system. The methods of this research is normative, that based on doctrinal legal research. The research result shows that Indonesian law does not provide preventive protection for the citizens in terms of product registration even though product registration is the main requirement for a product to be given exclusive right when it is exported to another country so that passing off as a form of unfair competition can be avoided. Therefore, the government’s role in improving citizens’ awareness on the importance of exclusive right should be improved. Moreover, the government should ease the product registration access so that the product is able to compete in international market and should expand bilateral as well as multilateral cooperation.
ARCHITECTURAL CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS ACTIVE AGEING: A case of Dar es Salaam Tanzania
Authors: Kalugila Dr. Shubira L. , Tesha Winnie F.
Published: April 2018

Wants and needs change overtime as people age. At old age, options are reduced and elderly are going through a lot of changes in this stage of their life and tend to suffer from depression and feeling of isolation. Most elderly people feel detached with their communities but only wish to be part of it. Putting them in an environment that feels like an institution would aggravate their depression and may lead to other problems. The purpose of this study was to explore architectural approaches in creation of age-friendly supportive environment so as to maintain them in their communities. The research used case study method in the area of Mwananyamala settlement and Msimbazi elderly centre. It was found that caring of elderly people is mainly understood in terms of responsibilities of families and the community. That it is difficult to separate elderly care without including families and communities. Also, preferential core spaces needed by elderly are those that incorporate them in communities and not those that separate them with their communities. It was concluded that elders should be allowed to interact with everyone in the community and consideration of their spaces is essential.
Coastal Rural Community Economic Development As a Poverty Reduction Efforts
Authors: . Rukin , Rahman Bustami , Toha Akhmad , Gianawati Nur Diyah
Published: April 2018

Research is based on the phenomenon of the low construction going on in the regions coastal villages primarily in the field of economic development. This study was conducted to determine the low economy of coastal rural communities when natural resources coastal very abundant. By using qualitative and phenomenological approach obtained findings of the poor economy of this coastal village communities. The cause of the low economy of which the public is less able to capture the business opportunities that exist. Expected the participation of government concretely in the handling as well as their economic empowerment. Solution that can be taken is the revamping of public policy related to the development of coastal villages. Development and empowerment of their economies should be done immediately. Another thing that can be done by the government is the optimization of religious tourism and beach tourism there.
E esta paisagem é cheia de sol deste lado: a poesia portuguesa pós-74 com Joaquim Manuel Magalhães, Adília Lopes e Luís Quintais
Authors: Ramos André Carneiro
Published: April 2018

Trata-se de uma reflexão sobre três modos de resistência/insistência da poesia portuguesa contemporânea, apesar e depois da ditadura salazarista. Para tanto, levarei em conta o “olhar alegorista” evocado por Rosa Maria Martelo num ensaio sobre a poesia de Herberto Helder (2009), que me ajudará a refletir sobre esse “identitário e poderoso” espólio poético gerado a partir de tempos tão nefastos. Mais uma vez, nomes como Joaquim Manuel Magalhães, Adília Lopes e Luís Quintais representam a impossibilidade de se desconsiderar a dimensão provocativa que todo ato poético contém e anuncia. Sintonizados nessa premissa, nomes como Gastão Cruz, Walter Benjamin, Ida Alves, Sofia de Sousa Silva, Luís Maffei e Georges Didi-Huberman me levam a crer que a aproximação sugerida entre os poetas elencados muito bem representa o delineamento de fecundas possibilidades de compreensão/releitura das obras literárias envolvidas.
O Gabinete Português de Leitura do Rio de Janeiro e a circulação de livros e leitores (1878-1879)
Authors: Queiroz Juliana Maia de , França Lueny Amanda Oliveira
Published: April 2018

Este artigo busca analisar alguns anúncios publicados no Jornal do Comércio do Rio de Janeiro mensalmente com a finalidade de veicular dados sobre a saída e entrada de livros no Gabinete Português de Leitura no final da década de setenta do século XIX, momento em que muitas instituições de leitura estavam consolidadas no território brasileiro e o trânsito de impressos e leitores intensificava-se. Tais dados evidenciam aspectos importantes acerca da circulação de livros e leitores dessa instituição, bem como alguns dos títulos de seu acervo.  A partir desse estudo, procuramos investigar melhor o universo da circulação de livros e das práticas de leitura no Rio de Janeiro oitocentista.