bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric counteranion-directed photoredox catalysis
Authors: Das Sayantani , Zhu Chendan , Demirbas Derya , Bill Eckhard , De Chandra Kanta , List Benjamin
Published: January 2023

Photoredox catalysis enables distinctive and broadly applicable chemical reactions, but controlling their selectivity has proven to be difficult. The pursuit of enantioselectivity is a particularly daunting challenge, arguably because of the high energy of the activated radical (ion) intermediates, and previous approaches have invariably required pairing of the photoredox catalytic cycle with an additional activation mode for asymmetric induction. A potential solution for photoredox reactions proceeding via radical ions would be catalytic pairing with enantiopure counterions. However, although attempts toward this approach have been described, high selectivity has not yet been accomplished. Here we report a potentially general solution to radical cation–based asymmetric photoredox catalysis. We describe organic salts, featuring confined imidodiphosphorimidate counteranions that catalyze highly enantioselective [2+2]-cross cycloadditions of styrenes.
Unlucky numbers
Authors: O’Grady Cathleen
Published: January 2023

Richard Gill is fighting the shoddy statistics that put nurses in prison for serial murder
NSF under fire for not tracking sexual orientation
Authors: Langin Katie
Published: January 2023

In major demographic survey of scientists, agency will only query gender identity
A cell-by-cell view of a worm’s metamorphosis
Authors: Pennisi Elizabeth
Published: January 2023

Single-cell analysis reveals shifts in identity as shapeless larva becomes wriggling adult
Viruses Regulate Microbial Community Assembly Together with Environmental Factors in Acid Mine Drainage
Authors: Liu Zhenghua , Huang Ye , Zhang Teng , Meng Delong , Jiang Zhen , Yang Zhendong , Yang Zhaoyue , Li Liangzhi , Gu Yabing , Wang Jianjun , Liu Xueduan , Jiang Chengying , Yin Huaqun
Published: January 2023

Viruses as mobile genetic elements play critical roles in the adaptive evolution of their hosts in extreme environments. However, how viruses further influence microbial community structure and assembly is still unclear.
Recognizing the Contribution of Data: The Use of Companion Articles To Highlight Novel Resources in Microbiology Research
Authors: Gilbert Jack A. , Newton Irene L. G. , Reguera Gemma
Published: January 2023

As part of society-wide efforts to promote open access in science, the American Society for Microbiology journals are piloting the publication of companion articles highlighting rigorous data resources. The simultaneous publication of original research and data resource articles will increase awareness of, and access to, verified data sets that are critical to scientific progress.
Chaperonin TRiC/CCT Participates in Mammarenavirus Multiplication in Human Cells via Interaction with the Viral Nucleoprotein
Authors: Sakabe Saori , Witwit Haydar , Khafaji Roaa , Cubitt Beatrice , de la Torre Juan C.
Published: January 2023

Host-directed antivirals have gained great interest as an antiviral strategy to counteract the rapid emergence of drug-resistant viruses. The chaperonin TRiC/CCT complex has been involved in the life cycle of several viruses, including dengue, Zika, and influenza viruses.
Archaeal Host Cell Recognition and Viral Binding of HFTV1 to Its
Haloferax
Host
Authors: Schwarzer Sabine , Hackl Thomas , Oksanen Hanna M. , Quax Tessa E. F.
Published: January 2023

Archaeal viruses are the most enigmatic members of the virosphere. These viruses infect ubiquitous archaea and display an unusually high structural and genetic diversity.
A Diverged Transcriptional Network for Usage of Two Fe-S Cluster Biogenesis Machineries in the Delta-Proteobacterium Myxococcus xanthus
Authors: Sourice Mathieu , Askenasy Isabel , Garcia Pierre Simon , Denis Yann , Brasseur Gaël , Kiley Patricia J. , Py Béatrice , Aubert Corinne
Published: January 2023

Fe-S proteins are ubiquitous and control a wide variety of key biological processes; therefore, maintaining Fe-S cluster homeostasis is an essential task for all organisms. Here, we provide the first example of how a bacterium from the
Deltaproteobacteria
branch coordinates expression of two Fe-S cluster biogenesis machineries.
Draft Genome Sequence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus PSU5579, Isolated during an Outbreak of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease in Thailand
Authors: LaPorte Jason P. , Spinard Edward J. , Cavanagh Damian , Gomez-Chiarri Marta , Rowley David C. , Mekalanos John J. , Mittraparp-arthorn Pimonsri , Nelson David R.
Published: January 2023

Here, we announce the draft genome sequence of
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
strain PSU5579, isolated from a shrimp hatchery in southern Thailand during an outbreak of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). The genome contains 44 contigs with a sequence length of 5,229,426 bp, 4,861 coding sequences, and a G+C content of 45.3%.
Ecological Drivers of Community Cohesion
Authors: Gokhale Chaitanya S. , Velasque Mariana , Denton Jai A.
Published: January 2023

We are facing unprecedented disruption and collapse of ecosystems across the globe. To have any hope of mitigating this phenomenon, a much greater understanding of ecosystem dynamics is required.
Bacteroid Development, Transcriptome, and Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Comparison of Bradyrhizobium arachidis in Nodules of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and Medicinal Legume Sophora flavescens
Authors: Chen Wen Feng , Meng Xiang Fei , Jiao Yin Shan , Tian Chang Fu , Sui Xin Hua , Jiao Jian , Wang En Tao , Ma Sheng Jun
Published: January 2023

Rhizobial differentiation into bacteroids in leguminous nodules attracts scientists to investigate its different aspects. The development of bacteroids in the nodule of the important oil crop peanut was first investigated and compared to the status in the nodule of the extremely promiscuous medicinal legume
Sophora flavescens
by using just a single rhizobial strain of
Bradyrhizobium arachidis
, CCBAU 051107.
Xanthogranulomatous endometritis with unilateral salpingo-oophoritis in a postmenopausal woman masquerading as a malignancy
Authors: Anandathirtha Kavya , Shabnam Zulfiya , Manjeera Lakshmi , Ramesh Nikita
Published: January 2023

Xanthogranulomatous endometritis (XGE) is a rare pathological entity which is characterised by sheets of foamy histiocytes and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. This condition can mimic endometrial carcinoma. We report a case, clinically suspected as carcinoma of the endometrium/ovary, which was diagnosed as XGE with left salpingo-oophoritis on histopathology.
Cessation of smoking trial in the emergency department (CoSTED): protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Notley Caitlin , Clark Lucy , Belderson Pippa , Ward Emma , Clark Allan B , Parrott Steve , Agrawal Sanjay , Bloom Ben M , Boyle Adrian A , Morris Geraint , Gray Alasdair , Coats Tim , Man Mei-See , Bauld Linda , Holland Richard , Pope Ian
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Attendees of emergency departments (EDs) have a higher than expected prevalence of smoking. ED attendance may be a good opportunity to prompt positive behaviour change, even for smokers not currently motivated to quit. This study aims to determine whether an opportunist smoking cessation intervention delivered in the ED can help daily smokers attending the ED quit smoking and is cost-effective.

Methods and analysis

A two-arm pragmatic, multicentred, parallel-group, individually randomised, controlled superiority trial with an internal pilot, economic evaluation and mixed methods process evaluation. The trial will compare ED-based brief smoking cessation advice, including provision of an e-cigarette and referral to local stop smoking services (intervention) with the provision of contact details for local stop smoking services (control). Target sample size is 972, recruiting across 6 National Health Service EDs in England and Scotland. Outcomes will be collected at 1, 3 and 6 months. The primary outcome at 6 months is carbon monoxide verified continuous smoking abstinence.

Ethics and dissemination

The trial was approved by the South Central—Oxford B Research Committee (21/SC/0288). Dissemination will include the publication of outcomes, and the process and economic evaluations in peer-reviewed journals. The findings will also be appropriately disseminated to relevant practice, policy and patient representative groups.

Trial registration number

NCT04854616; protocol V.4.2.
Feasibility study of a Behavioural Intervention for Opioid Reduction (BIOR) for patients with chronic non-cancer pain in primary care: a protocol
Authors: Poole Helen M , Frank Bernhard , Begley Emma , Woods Aimee , Ramos-Silva Andreia , Merriman Mike , McCulough Roisin , Montgomery Catharine
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Around 30%–50% of adults suffer moderate to severe chronic pain not caused by cancer. Significant numbers are treated with opioids which over time may cease to be effective and produce side effects (eg, nausea, drowsiness and constipation). Stopping taking opioids abruptly can cause unpleasant withdrawal effects. Tapering in small steps is recommended, though some patients might struggle and need support, particularly if they have limited access to pain management alternatives. Awareness of the potential risks as well as benefits of tapering should be explored with patients.

Methods and analysis

A randomised controlled pilot feasibility study to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of reducing high doses of opioids through a tapering protocol, education and support in primary care. Working with NHS Knowsley Place, we will identify patients taking 50 mg or above morphine equivalent dose of opioids per day to be randomly allocated to either the tapering group or tapering with support group. At an initial joint appointment with a pain consultant and General Practitioner (GP) GP tapering will be discussed and negotiated. Both groups will have their opioid reduced by 10% per week. The taper with support group will have access to additional support, including motivational counselling, realistic goal setting and a toolkit of resources to promote self-management. Some patients will successfully reduce their dose each week. For others, this may be more difficult, and the tapering reduction will be adjusted to 10% per fortnight. We assess opioid use, pain and quality of life in both groups at the start and end of the study to determine which intervention works best to support people with chronic pain who wish to stop taking opioids.

Ethics and dissemination

The Behavioural Intervention for Opioid Reduction feasibility study has been granted full approval by Liverpool Central Research Ethics Committee on 7 April 2022 (22/NW/0047). The current protocol version is V.1.1, date 6 July 2022. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated to patient stakeholders in a lay summary report available on the project website and in participating GP surgeries.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN 30201337.
IMPROVE-BMT: a protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial of prehabilitation exercise for adult haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Potiaumpai Melanie , Schmitz Kathryn H , Mineishi Shin , Naik Seema , Wirk Baldeep , Rakszawski Kevin , Ehmann W Christopher , Claxton David , Nickolich Myles , Zemel Babette S , Zheng Hong
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in adults is an intensive medical procedure for a variety of haematological malignancies. Although there is a large body of evidence demonstrating the negative effects of HSCT on physical function and psychosocial parameters, there is limited evidence on the impact of HSCT on body composition and bone health. Further, aerobic and resistance-training exercise interventions aimed at improving physical function and patient-reported outcomes largely take place during the peritransplant and post-transplant period. Prehabilitative exercise, or exercise prior to medical treatment, has been successfully deployed in presurgical candidates and other tumour sites, yet there is a paucity of evidence on the effect of prehabilitation in HSCT patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility, acceptability and safety of a resistance training exercise programme in patients with haematological malignancies prior to HSCT.

Methods and analysis

IMpact of PRehabilitation in Oncology Via Exercise-Bone Marrow Transplant is a single-site, pilot randomised controlled trial of an exercise intervention compared with usual care. The primary aim is to assess the feasibility, acceptability and safety of the resistance-training exercise intervention prior to HSCT. Secondary aims include evaluating the differences in physical function, body composition, bone mineral density and patient-reported outcomes between the exercise group and usual care control group. Outcome measurements will be assessed: prior to HSCT, on/around day of HSCT admission, +30 days post-HSCT and +100 days post-HSCT. The exercise intervention is a home-based resistance training exercise programme that incorporates resistance band and body weight exercises. The primary outcomes will be reported as percentages and/or mean values. The secondary outcomes will be analysed using appropriate statistical methods to portray within-group and between-group differences.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has Penn State College of Medicine approval. Results will be disseminated through scientific publication and presentation at exercise-related and oncology-related scientific meetings.

Trial registration number

NCT03886909.
Machine learning approach to predict postpartum haemorrhage: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Boujarzadeh Banafsheh , Ranjbar Amene , Banihashemi Farzaneh , Mehrnoush Vahid , Darsareh Fatemeh , Saffari Mozhgan
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the most serious clinical problem of childbirth that contributes significantly to maternal mortality worldwide. This systematic review aims to identify predictors of PPH based on a machine learning (ML) approach.

Methods and analysis

This review adhered to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol. The review is scheduled to begin on 10 January 2023 and end on 20 March 2023. The main objective is to identify and summarise the predictive factors associated with PPH and propose an ML-based predictive algorithm. From inception to December 2022, a systematic search of the following electronic databases of peer-reviewed journal articles and online search records will be conducted: Cochrane Central Register, PubMed, EMBASE (via Ovid), Scopus, WOS, IEEE Xplore and the Google Scholar search engine. All studies that meet the following criteria will be considered: (1) they include the general population with a clear definition of the diagnosis of PPH; (2) they include ML models for predicting PPH with a clear description of the ML models; and (3) they demonstrate the performance of the ML models with metrics, including area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and specificity. Non-English language papers will be excluded. Data extraction will be performed independently by two investigators. The PROBAST, which includes a total of 20 signallings, will be used as a tool to assess the risk of bias and applicability of each included study.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required, as our review will include published and publicly accessible data. Findings from this review will be disseminated via publication in a peer-review journal.

PROSPERO registration number

The protocol for this review was submitted at PROSPERO with ID number CRD42022354896.
The Australian and New Zealand brain injury lifespan cohort protocol: Leveraging common data elements to characterise longitudinal outcome and recovery
Authors: Catroppa Cathy , Sood Nikita Tuli , Morrison Elle , Kenardy Justin , Lah Suncica , McKinlay Audrey , Ryan Nicholas P , Crowe Louise , Soo Cheryl , Godfrey Celia , Anderson Vicki
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Cognitive, behavioural, academic, mental health and social impairments are common following paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, studies are often reliant on small samples of children drawn from narrow age bands, and employ highly variable methodologies, which make it challenging to generalise existing research findings and understand the lifetime history of TBI.

Method and analysis

This study will synthesise common data sets from national (Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland) and international (New Zealand) collaborators, such that common data elements from multiple cohorts recruited from these four sites will be extracted and harmonised. Participant-level harmonised data will then be pooled to create a single integrated data set of participants including common cognitive, social, academic and mental health outcome variables. The large sample size (n=1816), consisting of participants with mild, moderate and severe TBI, will provide statistical power to answer important questions that cannot be addressed by small, individual cohorts. Complex statistical modelling, such as generalised estimation equation, multilevel and latent growth models, will be conducted.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval was granted by the Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of the Royal Children’s Hospital (RCH), Melbourne (HREC Reference Number 2019.168). The approved study protocol will be used for all study-related procedures. Findings will be translated into clinical practice, inform policy decisions, guide the appropriate allocation of limited healthcare resources and support the implementation of individualised care.
SUpervised exercise-therapy and Patient Education Rehabilitation (SUPER) versus minimal intervention for young adults at risk of knee osteoarthritis after ACL reconstruction: SUPER-Knee randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Culvenor Adam G , West Thomas J , Bruder Andrea M , Scholes Mark J , Barton Christian J , Roos Ewa M , Oei Edwin , McPhail Steven M , Souza Richard B , Lee Jusuk , Patterson Brooke E , Girdwood Michael A , Couch Jamon L , Crossley Kay M
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction (ACLR) is often associated with pain, functional loss, poor quality of life and accelerated knee osteoarthritis development. The effectiveness of interventions to enhance outcomes for those at high risk of early-onset osteoarthritis is unknown. This study will investigate if SUpervised exercise-therapy and Patient Education Rehabilitation (SUPER) is superior to a minimal intervention control for improving pain, function and quality of life in young adults with ongoing symptoms following ACLR.

Methods and analysis

The SUPER-Knee Study is a parallel-group, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Following baseline assessment, 184 participants aged 18–40 years and 9–36 months post-ACLR with ongoing symptoms will be randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups (1:1 ratio). Ongoing symptoms will be defined as a mean score of <80/100 from four Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS4) subscales covering pain, symptoms, function in sports and recreational activities and knee-related quality of life. Participants randomised to SUPER will receive a 4-month individualised, physiotherapist-supervised strengthening and neuromuscular programme with education. Participants randomised to minimal intervention (ie, control group) will receive a printed best-practice guide for completing neuromuscular and strengthening exercises following ACLR. The primary outcome will be change in the KOOS4from baseline to 4 months with a secondary endpoint at 12 months. Secondary outcomes include change in individual KOOS subscale scores, patient-perceived improvement, health-related quality of life, kinesiophobia, physical activity, thigh muscle strength, knee function and knee cartilage morphology (ie, lesions, thickness) and composition (T2 mapping) on MRI. Blinded intention-to-treat analyses will be performed. Findings will also inform cost-effectiveness analyses.

Ethics and dissemination

This study is approved by the La Trobe University and Alfred Hospital Ethics Committees. Results will be presented in peer-reviewed journals and at international conferences.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12620001164987.
Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Reproductive Autonomy Scale for use in the UK
Authors: Riches Eleanor , Barrett Geraldine , Hall Jennifer Anne
Published: January 2023

Background

Reproductive autonomy—control over outcomes including contraceptive use and childbearing—is a human right and vital to women’s empowerment. Those whose reproductive autonomy is threatened by the structures and relationships in their lives are at risk of coercion and unplanned pregnancy and could benefit from additional services. The Reproductive Autonomy Scale (RAS) was developed in the USA to assess women’s reproductive autonomy; this study evaluates the RAS for use in the UK.

Methods

After testing, the RAS was incorporated into an online survey of women of reproductive age. Those who were sexually active were asked to complete the RAS, which was evaluated according to classical test theory. Reliability was assessed via internal consistency and a 3-month test-retest. Construct validity was assessed using hypothesis testing and confirmatory factor analysis.

Results

For 826 women the RAS was highly acceptable, with a response rate of >97.7%. Almost the whole range of reproductive autonomy scores were captured. Internal consistency was good, with a Cronbach’s α of 0.75. Test-retest reliability was fair-good with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.67. Construct validity analysis found the scale to be valid based on our hypothesis that among women who want to avoid pregnancy, those with higher reproductive autonomy will be more likely to use contraception. The three-factor structure of the scale was confirmed on confirmatory factor analysis.

Conclusion

The RAS is valid and reliable for use in the UK. This tool holds potential utility across research, clinical practice, health interventions and policy development.
Liquid biopsy approaches to capture tumor evolution and clinical outcomes during cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Sivapalan Lavanya , Murray Joseph C , Canzoniero Jenna VanLiere , Landon Blair , Jackson Jennifer , Scott Susan , Lam Vincent , Levy Benjamin P. , Sausen Mark , Anagnostou Valsamo
Published: January 2023

Circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) can serve as a real-time biomarker of tumor burden and provide unique insights into the evolving molecular landscape of cancers under the selective pressure of immunotherapy. Tracking the landscape of genomic alterations detected in ctDNA may reveal the clonal architecture of the metastatic cascade and thus improve our understanding of the molecular wiring of therapeutic responses. While liquid biopsies may provide a rapid and accurate evaluation of tumor burden dynamics during immunotherapy, the complexity of antitumor immune responses is not fully captured through single-feature ctDNA analyses. This underscores a need for integrative studies modeling the tumor and the immune compartment to understand the kinetics of tumor clearance in association with the quality of antitumor immune responses. Clinical applications of ctDNA testing in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown both predictive and prognostic value through the detection of genomic biomarkers, such as tumor mutational burden and microsatellite instability, as well as allowing for real-time monitoring of circulating tumor burden and the assessment of early on-therapy responses. These efforts highlight the emerging role of liquid biopsies in selecting patients for cancer immunotherapy, monitoring therapeutic efficacy, determining the optimal duration of treatment and ultimately guiding treatment selection and sequencing. The clinical translation of liquid biopsies is propelled by the increasing number of ctDNA-directed interventional clinical trials in the immuno-oncology space, signifying a critical step towards implementation of liquid biopsies in precision immuno-oncology.
Venous thromboembolism incidence and risk factors associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors among patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Khorana Alok A , Palaia Jennell , Rosenblatt Lisa , Pisupati Radhika , Huang Ning , Nguyen Chi , Barron John , Gallagher Kerrin , Bond T Christopher
Published: January 2023

Background

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with lung cancer. Systemic therapies, such as chemotherapy (chemo), are associated with increased risk of VTE. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a new standard of care for the treatment of lung cancer, but their association with VTE is not fully understood. We evaluated the incidence of VTE and risk factors for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) treated with first-line ICI-based, chemo-based, or ICI+chemo regimens.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used HealthCore Integrated Research Environment - Oncology data, an integrated database of administrative claims, coupled with clinical data from a cancer-care quality program. Patients with first-line treatment of stage IV non-small cell lung cancer from July 2014 to August 2020 were grouped based on three treatment types: ICI-based, chemo-based, or ICI+chemo. Patients with VTE before initiation of systemic treatment were excluded. Newly diagnosed VTE events were identified via inpatient and outpatient diagnosis codes. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the factors associated with VTE risk.

Results

Among 2299 eligible patients (ICI-based, n=605; chemo-based, n=1092; ICI+chemo, n=602) with a median follow-up of 9.1 months, the VTE incidence rates (95% CI) per 100 person-years were 17.8 (95% CI 16.0 to 19.5) overall, 13.5 (95% CI 10.6 to 16.5) for ICI-based, 18.0 (95% CI 15.5 to 20.5) for chemo-based, and 22.4 (95% CI 20.2 to 24.5) for ICI+chemo. The 6-month cumulative incidence of VTE was 8.1% for ICI-based, 10.9% for chemo-based, and 12.8% for ICI+chemo. Pulmonary embolism was most common, accounting for 63% of the VTE events. After controlling for baseline patient characteristics, the risk of VTE was 26% lower for ICI-based regimens than for chemo-based regimens (HR 0.74, p=0.03). There was no meaningful difference in the risk between ICI+chemo and chemo-based regimens (HR 1.12, p=0.36). Previous radiation and severe obesity (body mass index ≥40) were associated with VTE.

Conclusions

VTE incidence rate per 100 person-years was common across regimens in patients with aNSCLC, but numerically lower for patients receiving ICI-based regimens compared with those receiving chemo-based and ICI+chemo regimens. VTE is a common complication of lung cancer, and there is a continued need for awareness of VTE as a comorbidity in this population.
Liquid biopsies coming of age: biology, emerging technologies, and clinical translation- An introduction to the JITC expert opinion special review series on liquid biopsies
Authors: Stewart Mark D. , Anagnostou Valsamo
Published: January 2023

Liquid biopsies are gaining momentum as minimally invasive means for cancer detection, characterization, monitoring, and interception. Composed of five expert-opinion review articles and five accompanying expert-physician viewpoints, this Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer Special Review Series focuses on capturing and synthesizing the current state of science of liquid biopsies and their clinical relevance for cancer immunotherapy and beyond.
Balancing privacy with access to information for commercial fisheries data: A critical review of Fisheries and Oceans Canada’s “rule of five” policy
Authors: Tomasic Nicole
Published: January 2023

Although Canada’s oceans are a public resource, commercial fisheries data are routinely withheld from researchers and the general public by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) due to privacy obligations. However, data can be released if considered sufficiently de-personalized through an internal guideline called the “rule of five,” under which data sources are aggregated to a threshold of five to allow for data publication or disclosure. This article provides an overview of the “rule of five,” summarizes key legislative provisions that have bearing on the “rule” and potential for its reform, and discusses the findings from two tools used to collect information on the “rule” and its use in Canada: (1) an Access to Information and Privacy request and (2) an anonymous survey conducted to evaluate the impacts of the “rule” on various stakeholders. The “rule of five” is not mandatory but rather represents a conservative approach to access to information that can be detrimental to independent researchers and the public interest in transparent fisheries data. The article concludes with recommendations to further a rebalancing of privacy and access to information, including emphasizing existing legislative exemptions that could allow for data disclosure when the “rule of five” is not met.
A Single Machine Group Scheduling Problem with Due Date Assignment and Position-Dependent Costs
Authors: Chen Ying , Xu Yi , Zhang Guiqing , Cheng Yongxi
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we study a single machine scheduling problem with due date assignment under a group technology environment. The due dates of jobs are assignable according to the following three methods: the common (CON) due date assignment, the slack (SLK) due date assignment, and the different (DIF) due date assignment. Our objective is to determine a group sequence and job sequences within all groups, together with a due date assignment, to minimize a total cost function including earliness, tardiness, due date assignment and flow time costs, in which all unit costs are different and position-dependent. We present a unified [Formula: see text] time algorithm to solve the problem for all the three due date assignment methods.
Casimir effect in DFR space–time
Authors: Harikumar E. , Panja Suman Kumar
Published: January 2023

Noncommutative space–time introduces a fundamental length scale suggested by approaches to quantum gravity. Here, we report the analysis of the Casimir effect for parallel plates separated by a distance of [Formula: see text] using a Lorentz invariant scalar theory in a noncommutative space–time (DFR space–time), both at zero and finite temperatures. This is done in two ways; one when the additional space-dimensions introduced in DFR space–time are treated as extra dimensions but on par with usual space-dimension and in the second way, the additional dimensions are treated as compact dimensions. Casimir force obtained in the first approach coincides with the result in the extra-dimensional commutative space–time and this is varying as [Formula: see text]. In the second approach, we derive the corrections to the Casimir force, which is dependent on the separation between the plate, [Formula: see text] and on the size of the extra compactified dimension, [Formula: see text]. Since correction terms are very small, keeping only the most significant terms of these corrections, we show that for certain values of the [Formula: see text], the corrections due to noncommutativity make the force between the parallel plates more attractive, and using this, we find lower bound on the value of [Formula: see text]. We show here that the requirement of the Casimir force and the energy to be real impose the condition that the weight function used in defining the DFR action has to be a constant. At zero temperature, we find correction terms due to noncommutativity depend on [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-dependent modified Bessel functions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], with coefficients that vary as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. For finite temperature, the Casimir force has correction terms that scale as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in high-temperature limit and as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in the low-temperature limit.
Time-dependent He–McKellar–Wilkens effect on noncommutative space
Authors: Wang Tao , Ma Kai
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we study time-dependent He–McKellar–Wilkens (HMW) phase shift, as well as its extension on noncommutative space. We show that for adiabatic varying external magnetic field, the original HMW effect can receive a time-dependent correction. The adiabatic approximation is valid if frequency of the varying external field is smaller enough than the one by which the spinor particle takes a single round. Noncommutative corrections are studied by using Seiberg–Witten map such that the final results are gauge invariant. We find that there are two kinds of contributions, one is purely adiabatic, and the other one is a constant correction and depends on frequency of the external field.
Hybrid Brent Kung Adder with Modified Sum Generator for Energy Efficient Applications
Authors: Niyas Ahamed A. , Madheswaran M.
Published: January 2023

The demand for high-speed and energy-efficient adders in modern portable applications has drastically increased in recent decades. The existing adders have achieved high speed due to their parallel prefix structure, but it consumes more power for wide operands. The proposed Hybrid Brent Kung-Modified Sum Generator (HBK-MSG) achieved high speed due to the usage of Brent Kung (BK) adder and consumes low power with the help of MSG unit. This hybrid adder architecture is applicable for larger operands. It also uses two different structures of sum generators which compute the added result of the operands by incorporating the complement of the carriers. It is designed and simulated using Xilinx ISE 13.2 and it is coded in Verilog HDL. The performance of the proposed HBK-MSG adder is analyzed by measuring area, delay and power consumption. The proposed 64-bit HBK MSG adder reduces the energy consumption by 62.98%, 48.05%, 33.09%, 28.12% and delay by 63.54%, 48.46%, 34.58%, 28.15% when compared with the existing adder designs such as RCA, CSLA, PPF/CSSA_4 and hybrid adder.
IoT Energy Management for Smart Homes’ Water Management System
Authors: Côrte P. , Sampaio H. , Lussi E. , Westphall C.
Published: January 2023

An Internet of Things (IoT) device that can automatically measure water consumption can help prevent excessive water usage or leaks. However, automating too many residences or condominiums with multiple IoT devices can lead to extra energy consumption and more network congestion. We propose controlling the energy consumption of an IoT water consumption management system by dynamically controlling its duty cycle. By analyzing the energy consumption of the developed prototype and its duty cycle variation, we calculated how much energy could be saved by controlling the antenna and the water flow sensor used in the IoT device. While controlling the antenna offered some energy savings, having some way to cut down on the water flow sensor’s consumption can have a dramatic impact on the overall IoT energy consumption or its battery longevity. Our results showed that we could get up to 69% extra energy savings compared to just putting the antenna in sleep mode. There is an observable trade-off in saving so much energy, as we can also see that water reading error rates go up alongside the extra energy savings.
TO DRAW OR NOT TO DRAW: UNDERSTANDING THE TEMPORAL ORGANIZATION OF DRAWING BEHAVIOR USING FRACTAL ANALYSES
Authors: BELTZUNG BENJAMIN , MARTINET LISON , MACINTOSH ANDREW J. J. , MEYER XAVIER , HOSSELET JÉRÔME , PELÉ MARIE , SUEUR CÉDRIC
Published: January 2023

Studies on drawing often focused on spatial aspects of the finished products. Here, the drawing behavior was studied by analyzing its intermittent process, between drawing (i.e. marking a surface) and interruption (i.e. a pause in the marking gesture). To assess how this intermittence develops with age, we collected finger-drawings on a touchscreen by 185 individuals (children and adults). We measured the temporal structure of each drawing sequence to determine its complexity. To do this, we applied temporal fractal estimators to each drawing time series before combining them in a Principal Component Analysis procedure. The youngest children (3-year-old) drew in a more stereotypical way with long-range dependence detected in their alternations between states. Among older children and adults, the complexity of drawing sequences increased showing a less predictable behavior as their drawings become more detailed and figurative. This study improves our understanding of the temporal aspects of drawing behavior, and contributes to an objective understanding of its ontogeny.
Study on Vibration Propagation Characteristics Caused by Segments Joints in Shield Tunnel
Authors: Jin Hao , Tang Shilong , Zhao Chen , Jiang Bolong
Published: January 2023

In recent years, with the development of urban rail transit, more and more attention has been paid to the vibration problems caused by its operation. As the main form of urban rail transit’s underground construction, the shield tunnel is the first to bear the brunt. However, the existing researches on the vibration of shield tunnel usually take it as a homogeneous barrel and do not consider the impact of its assembly joints on the vibration propagation. In this paper, to study the influence of the joints caused by the shield tunnel’s assembly forms on the propagation of vibration, two finite element models of shield tunnels with different assembly forms are established. The analysis and comparing results of these models show that the joints caused by segment assembly of shield tunnel have obvious hysteresis and reduction effect on the vibration waves and this ability is obviously related to its location. In addition, the ability to weaken the vibration wave is also related to the frequency of the vibration wave.
Editorial for the Second Special Issue on “Conceptualizing and Using Theory in Computing Education Research”
Authors: Malmi Lauri , Tenenberg Josh
Published: January 2023

In this editorial, we introduce the second set of papers for the special issue “Conceptualizing and Using Theory in CER”. These papers focus on meta level discussion on theories in CER, addressing the definition of theories, what theoretical contributions have been developed for CER, how theories have been used, and what other type of contributions there are in the field. The issue also includes guest editors’ own reflections on theory.
Particle Rafts and Armored Droplets
Authors: Protière Suzie
Published: January 2023

Particles floating at interfaces are commonly observed in nature, as well as in industrial processes. When the particles are non-Brownian particles, large deformations of the interface are created that induce long-ranged capillary interactions and lead to the formation of particle rafts with unique characteristics. In this review we discuss recent efforts in investigating particle raft formation and the role of the rafts’ own weight during dynamic clustering. Under specific conditions, these rafts can ultimately collapse and sink. When subjected to external or internal forces, the raft undergoes large deformations that test the mechanical characteristics of this interfacial composite material. It can behave as a continuous elastic sheet under compression, although its discrete nature can also trigger its fragmentation via interparticle interactions. Finally, armored droplets, drops covered by a protective shell of particles, can lose their integrity when submitted to dynamic deformations, resulting in the ejection of particles or the fracturing of the armor. Open questions to understand the properties of this material are highlighted and future research to understand the fundamental physics of particle rafts, the customization of the cluster formation, or the disassembly of this collective material is suggested.
A Perspective on the State of Aerospace Computational Fluid Dynamics Technology
Authors: Mani Mori , Dorgan Andrew J.
Published: January 2023

Over the past several decades, computational fluid dynamics has been increasingly used in the aerospace industry for the design and study of new and derivative aircraft. In this review we survey the CFD application process and note its place and importance within the everyday work of industry. Furthermore, the centrality of geometry and importance of turbulence models, higher-order numerical algorithms, output-based mesh adaptation, and numerical design optimization are discussed. Challenges in each area are noted and specific suggestions for investment are made. The review concludes with an outlook toward a future in which certification by analysis and model-based design are standard practice, along with a reminder of the steps necessary to lead the industry there.
The effect of orexin on the hypoxic ventilatory response of female rats is greatest in the active phase during diestrus
Authors: Ben Musa Ruwaida , Cornelius-Green Jennifer , Hasser Eileen M. , Cummings Kevin J.
Published: January 2023

We previously showed that orexin facilitates the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) of adult male rats during the active phase. Others have shown that estrogen inhibits orexin neurons. Here we show that orexin neurons are activated by hypoxia and facilitate the HVR of adult female rats during the active phase, but only in diestrus. These data suggest that orexin neurons facilitate the HVR in females when they are free from the inhibitory effects of estrogen.
A Convolutional Neural Network Face Recognition Method Based on BiLSTM and Attention Mechanism
Authors: Qi Xiaobo , Wu Chenxu , Shi Ying , Qi Hui , Duan Kaige , Wang Xiaobin
Published: January 2023

Face recognition technology is a powerful means to capture biological facial features and match facial data in existing databases. With the advantages of noncontact and long‐distance implementation, it is being used in more and more scenarios. Affected by factors such as light, posture, and background environment, the face images captured by the device are still insufficient in the recognition rate of existing face recognition models. We propose an AB‐FR model, a convolutional neural network face recognition method based on BiLSTM and attention mechanism. By adding an attention mechanism to the CNN model structure, the information from different channels is integrated to enhance the robustness of the network, thereby enhancing the extraction of facial features. Then, the BiLSTM method is used to extract the timing characteristics of different angles or different time photos of the same person so that convolutional blocks can obtain more face detail information. Finally, we used the cross‐entropy loss function to optimize the model and realize the correct face recognition. The experimental results show that the improved network model indicates better identification performance and stronger robustness on some public datasets (such as CASIA‐FaceV5, LFW, MTFL, CNBC, and ORL). Besides, the accuracy rate is 99.35%, 96.46%, 97.04%, 97.19%, and 96.79%, respectively.
Physiological Gingival Melanin Hyperpigmentation Treatment with Injectable Vitamin C and Scalpel Technique: A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Chaudhary Dhanashree S. , Parwani Simran R. , Barkhade Shital , Gajbhiye Minal , Parwani Rajkumar , Sikka Geetanjali , Kawadkar Kshipra , Soni Nishita Jaju , Armogida Niccolò Giuseppe , Dadlani Himanshu , Spagnuolo Gianrico
Published: January 2023

Harmony between facial complexion and gingival health goes hand in hand. Gingival depigmentation is an aesthetic correction of hyperactive melanocytes in gingival tissues that lead to hyperpigmentation. Current study compares depigmentation, pain scores, and itching with scalpel technique and nonsurgical intramucosal Vitamin C injection. 30 individuals in the age range of 18–40 years conscious of dark gums were randomly allocated to test and control group by lottery method. Thorough Phase I therapy was performed one week before the procedure. Area and intensity of depigmentation were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively; pain score, itching, and repigmentation percentage were the postoperative parameters. After 24 hrs, test group showed significantly lesser VAS score for pain as compared to control group. There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative area of pigmentation between the test and control group (

p
=
0.936

). Postoperatively also, there was no statistically significant difference in area of pigmentation between the test and control group (

p
=
0.932

). For comparing area of pigmentation, an independent t-test was applied and Mann–Whitney test was used for differentiating the intensity of pigmentation, repigmentation, and VAS score between the groups. The study concluded that Vitamin C mesotherapy and scalpel technique showed comparable results in reduction of areas and intensity of gingival hyperpigmentation.
Rebalance Weights AdaBoost‐SVM Model for Imbalanced Data
Authors: Piao Chunyu , Wang Nan , Yuan Chaofeng
Published: January 2023

Classification of imbalanced data is a challenging task that has captured considerable interest in numerous scientific fields by virtue of the great practical value of minority accuracy. Some methods for improving generalization performance have been developed to address this classification situation. Here, we propose a cost‐sensitive ensemble learning method using a support vector machine as a base learner of AdaBoost for classifying imbalanced data. Considering that the existing methods are not well studied in terms of how to precisely control the classification accuracy of the minority class, we developed a novel way to rebalance the weights of AdaBoost, and the weights influence the base learner training. This weighting strategy increases the sample weight of the misclassified minority while decreasing the sample weight of the misclassified majority until their distributions are even in each round. Furthermore, we includedP‐mean as one of the assessment markers and discussed why it is necessary. Experiments were conducted to compare the proposed and comparison 10 models on 18 datasets in terms of six different metrics. Through comprehensive experimental findings, the statistical study is performed to verify the efficacy and usability of the proposed model.