bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Exploratory Examination of College Students’ Likelihood of Reporting Sexual Assault to Police and University Officials: Results of a Self-Report Survey
Authors: Moore Briana M. , Baker Thomas
Published: February 2016

Despite the growing salience of sexual assault victimizations on college campuses, reporting of such events remains low. A better understanding of what affects students’ reporting behavior and to whom they are likely to report victimizations can aid in developing policies and programs that promote reporting. Using a sample of 336 college students, this study uses hypothetical scenarios to examine the factors that affect individuals’ likelihood to report sexual assaults to the police and to university officials. Results show that students are significantly more likely to report sexual assaults to the police than to university officials. In addition, wanting justice, trust in police and university officials, and a desire for services are among the most consistent factors that affect students’ likelihood to report to both the police and university officials.
Weak Ties and Self-regulation in Job Search
Authors: Hatala John-Paul , Yamkovenko Bogdan
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the relationship between the self-regulatory variable of goal orientation and the extent to which job seekers reach out to and use weak ties in their job search. Weak ties, as defined by Granovettor, are connections to densely knit networks outside the individual’s direct contacts who could provide nonredundant information. The study builds on the previous conceptual work that discussed how learning and performance goal orientation, as a part of a larger system of self-regulatory variables, may affect the extent to which individuals seek feedback and network during job search. Using a sample of Canadian job seekers, this study examines whether learning goal-oriented individuals contact weak ties more often than performance goal-oriented individuals. The results indicate that both performance and learning goal orientation are significant predictors of weak tie counts.
Career Adaptability, Hope, Optimism, and Life Satisfaction in Italian and Swiss Adolescents
Authors: Santilli Sara , Marcionetti Jenny , Rochat Shékina , Rossier Jérôme , Nota Laura
Published: February 2016

The consequences of economic crisis are different from one European context to the other. Based on life design (LD) approach, the present study focused on two variables—career adaptability and a positive orientation toward future (hope and optimism)—relevant to coping with the current work context and their role in affecting life satisfaction. A partial mediational model between career adaptability and life satisfaction, through a positive orientation toward future (hope and optimism), was tested across Italian and Swiss countries. Seven hundred twenty-six Italian and 533 Swiss young people between the ages of 12 and 16 years were involved. Results provided support for the model in the Italian group and a full mediation model for the Swiss one. The data suggest that the context may have an effect on how career adaptability has an impact on general life satisfaction. These results have important implications for practice and underscore the need to support adolescents in their LD process.
Social Cognitive Predictors of Mexican American High School Students’ Math/Science Career Goals
Authors: Garriott Patton O. , Raque-Bogdan Trisha L. , Zoma Lorrine , Mackie-Hernandez Dylan , Lavin Kelly
Published: February 2016

This study tested a social cognitive model of math/science career goals in a sample ( N = 258) of Mexican American high school students. Familism and proximal family supports for math/science careers were examined as predictors of math/science: performance accomplishments, self-efficacy, interests, and goals. Results showed that the hypothesized model provided an adequate fit to the data. Familism predicted performance accomplishments and perceived family supports while perceived family supports predicted self-efficacy and goals. The final model explained 63% of the variance in interests and 53% of the variance in goals. Mediation tests showed that person-cognitive variables explained the relationships between contextual variables and goals. Contrary to hypotheses, interests did not predict goals and proximal family supports did not moderate the relationship between interests and goals. Results are discussed in terms of incorporating culture-specific values into interventions aimed at enhancing the math/science career interests and goals of Mexican American high school students.
The structure properties and tribological behavior of the ionic liquid–polyimide composite films under high-vacuum environment
Authors: Lv Mei , Han Feng , Wang Qihua , Wang Tingmei , Liang Yongmin
Published: February 2016

Ionic liquid (IL) can be used as external or internal lubricant. The tribological performance of polyimide (PI)–steel contact surface driven by IL lubricant was investigated using a ball-on-disk tribometer in high-vacuum environment. The experimental results indicated that IL as the external lubricant could obviously decrease the friction coefficient of PI from 0.41 to 0.01 and corrode the surface of steel ball. As internal lubricant, some IL/PI composite films were prepared, and the structure properties and tribological behavior were investigated. IL can be uniformly dispersed in the polymer and could make film surface more hydrophilic along with the increasing content of IL in PI. The IL/PI composite film with 1% content of IL has the lowest friction coefficient and causes the least damage against the steel ball.
Self-Affirmation Activates the Ventral Striatum
Authors: Dutcher Janine M. , Creswell J. David , Pacilio Laura E. , Harris Peter R. , Klein William M. P. , Levine John M. , Bower Julienne E. , Muscatell Keely A. , Eisenberger Naomi I.
Published: February 2016

Self-affirmation (reflecting on important personal values) has been shown to have a range of positive effects; however, the neural basis of self-affirmation is not known. Building on studies showing that thinking about self-preferences activates neural reward pathways, we hypothesized that self-affirmation would activate brain reward circuitry during functional MRI (fMRI) studies. In Study 1, with college students, making judgments about important personal values during self-affirmation activated neural reward regions (i.e., ventral striatum), whereas making preference judgments that were not self-relevant did not. Study 2 replicated these results in a community sample, again showing that self-affirmation activated the ventral striatum. These are among the first fMRI studies to identify neural processes during self-affirmation. The findings extend theory by showing that self-affirmation may be rewarding and may provide a first step toward identifying a neural mechanism by which self-affirmation may produce a wide range of beneficial effects.
Structuring Technology Applications for Enhanced Customer Experience: Evidence from Indian Air Travellers
Authors: Majra Hufrish , Saxena Rajan , Jha Sumi , Jagannathan Srinath
Published: February 2016

The objective was to study the influence of self-service technology on customer experience and the attributes that constitute customer experience. The study was conducted in the airline industry. The respondents were airline travellers who were surveyed to understand the relationship between self-service technology and customer experience. As customer experience is defined through the sensory, affective, behavioural and relational context, the measurement tools were designed accordingly. The data were collected through personal interview, focus group and survey method. The results of the study show that there is a significant positive relationship between self-service technology and customer experience. This study highlights that customer empowerment through self-service technology has today fundamentally changed the dynamics of the marketplace. Technology interface of the traveller did not vary due to varying income levels and hence had no bearing on his customer experience. A traveller’s usage of self-service technology was not affected by the purpose of travel (leisure or business). The study highlights the importance of usage of self-service technology in creating a customer experience for the traveller. Self-service technology facilitates the customer interaction with the service provider, thereby helping the airline serve the customer faster and better. The service provider’s introduction of self-service technology at various touch points in the customer’s journey enhances customer experience.
Consumer Perception of Brand Personality: An Empirical Evidence from India
Authors: Srivastava Kavita , Sharma Narendra K.
Published: February 2016

The present study empirically measures the Airtel brand personality in India using Aaker’s brand personality measurement framework (1997). The study involved a questionnaire survey measuring five brand personality dimensions, namely, sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication and ruggedness. The data were collected from customers using Airtel services; telecom, broadband and DTH. To establish the best fitting measurement model, the first- and second-order confirmatory factor analyses were computed using AMOS. Results revealed that the items under ‘sophistication’ dimension such as feminine, good-looking, glamorous and smooth are not relevant with Airtel brand personality. Thus, the remaining four dimensions, namely, sincerity, excitement, competence and ruggedness were combined to form a higher order construct, namely, Brand Personality. These dimensions were found to be important in Indian context. These results are very useful for managers to understand the symbolic meaning associated with the commercial brands. The results can also be used to develop positioning strategies for Airtel brand, especially with ‘excitement’ and ‘competence’ dimensions.
MAOIs – does the evidence warrant their resurrection?
Authors: Menkes David , Bosanac Peter , Castle David
Published: February 2016

Objective:

The place of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) in psychiatry is reviewed, and the question posed as to whether they are now justifiably disregarded by prescribers.

Method:

Multiple databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane) were interrogated to provide an overview regarding the use, efficacy and toxicity of MAOIs. Data regarding funded use of these agents in New Zealand were obtained from PHARMAC.

Results:

Evidence supports the use of MAOIs in major depressive disorder, certain anxiety disorders and, to lesser extent, bipolar depression. Older non-selective agents, such as phenelzine and tranylcypromine, have distinctive efficacy in ‘atypical’ and treatment-resistant depression, but at the cost of serious tolerability problems. Their relegation and perception by clinicians as ‘last resort’ medications – if considered at all – has occurred in the context of various concerns, notably dietary restrictions, potential adverse drug interactions and the usual requirement for divided doses.

Conclusions:

Sufficient evidence supports consideration of MAOIs in treatment-refractory and atypical depressive disorders, and in social anxiety disorder. Psychiatrists in training need to gain experience in using these agents.
How can psychiatrists offer psychotherapeutic leadership in the public sector?
Authors: Cammell Paul , Amos Jackie , Baigent Michael
Published: February 2016

Objective:

This article reviews the forms that psychotherapeutic leadership can take for psychiatrists attempting to optimise outcomes for individuals receiving treatment in the public mental health sector. It explores a range of roles and functions that psychiatrists can take on as psychotherapy leaders, and how these can be applied in clinical, administrative and research contexts.

Conclusions:

Psychiatrists need to play an increasing role in clinical, administrative and academic settings to advance service provision, resource allocation, training and research directed at psychotherapies in the public health sector.
Ranolazine and Its Effects on Hemoglobin A1C
Authors: Greiner Lindsey , Hurren Kathryn , Brenner Michael
Published: February 2016

Objective: To review the antihyperglycemic effect of ranolazine in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data Sources: An EMBASE search was conducted between January 1966 through December 2015 using the search terms ranolazine, diabetes, and hemoglobin A1C (A1C). Additional references were identified from a review of literature citations. A search of clinicaltrials.gov was conducted to identify unpublished studies assessing ranolazine in diabetes. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language observational and randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of ranolazine on A1C were evaluated. Data Synthesis: Four published and 3 unpublished trials were identified. In all except 1 study, ranolazine 750 to 1000 mg twice daily was associated with a statistically significant decrease in A1C compared with placebo (placebo-corrected change in A1C: −0.28 to −0.7). In the trial in which a significant difference was not observed, patients assigned to ranolazine received a lower maintenance metformin dose compared with patients not assigned to ranolazine. A greater percentage of patients randomized to ranolazine achieved an A1C<7% compared with the placebo group (41.2%-59% vs 25.7%-49%). Ranolazine was not associated with an increase in the incidence of hypoglycemia and was well tolerated overall. The mechanism for lowering of A1C has not been determined. Conclusions: Ranolazine therapy may decrease A1C among patients with T2DM without an increase in hypoglycemia. For patients with T2DM and chronic stable angina, ranolazine may be of use given its utility in cardiovascular disease and benefit in A1C lowering.
Management of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Finks Shannon W. , Trujillo Toby C. , Dobesh Paul P.
Published: February 2016

Objective: To review clinical data on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) used in the acute treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) as well as practical considerations when using these products. Data Sources: Searches of PubMed and Google Scholar for VTE, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and relevant drug international nonproprietary names were conducted. Additional online searches were conducted for prescribing information. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant articles on dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban for the management of VTE compared with oral vitamin K antagonists (VKAs; published between 1966 and December 2015) were reviewed and summarized, together with information on dosing, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and drug-drug interactions. Data Synthesis: The DOACs have the potential to circumvent many of the disadvantages of VKAs. At a minimum, they greatly increase the available therapeutic options, thus providing a greater opportunity for clinicians to select a management option that best fits the needs of individual patients. Despite the significant advance that DOACs represent, they are not without risk and require careful consideration of a number of clinical issues to optimize safety and efficacy. Conclusions: The emergence of DOACs for the management of thromboembolic disorders represents a paradigm shift from oral VKAs. The DOACs provide similar efficacy and improved safety in selected patients as compared with VKAs. Clinicians treating VTE need to be familiar with the intricacies involved in using these agents, including the appropriate dose selection for the relevant indication, avoidance of drug-drug and drug-disease interactions, and consideration of dose adjustments in specific clinical situations, such as organ dysfunction.
Optimizing Guideline-Recommended Antibiotic Doses for Pediatric Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Nichols Kristen R. , Israel Emily N. , Thomas Christopher A. , Knoderer Chad A.
Published: February 2016

The American Heart Association recently published an updated scientific statement on the management of infective endocarditis in childhood. The recommendations included for vancomycin, aminoglycoside, and β-lactam dosing and monitoring are based primarily on expert opinion and do not consider available evidence for dose optimization based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles in pediatric patients. This is concerning because even when clinically necessary, some practitioners may be hesitant to deviate from guideline-recommended doses. In this perspective, we highlight potential areas for improvement in the statement-recommended doses and summarize evidence supporting antibiotic dosing optimization. The addition of a pediatric clinical pharmacist with expertise in antibiotic dosing to the panel would be beneficial for future updates.
Histologic evaluation of Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3 expression in feline mammary carcinoma
Authors: Silva Millena N , Leite Juliana S , Mello Marcela FV , Silva Kassia VGC , Corgozinho Katia B , de Souza Heloisa JM , Cunha Simone CS , Ferreira Ana MR
Published: February 2016

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate histopathologic aspects of, and the expression of Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3 in, feline mammary carcinoma (FMC).

Methods

Feline mammary tumors were surgically obtained by mastectomy from 30 female cats and were fixed with formalin and embedded in paraffin wax. Four-micron sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathologic diagnosis. Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

Results

Samples were histologically confirmed as FMC. Positive immunostaining was observed in all cancer samples for both nuclear Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3, with a mean positive staining percentage of 27.5% and 21.2%, respectively. No statistically significant correlations between Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3 were observed within FMC.

Conclusions and relevance

A high proliferation index was found in feline mammary tumors. This is the first study evaluating cleaved caspase-3 expression in FMC.
Body image after mastectomy: A thematic analysis of younger women’s written accounts
Authors: Grogan Sarah , Mechan Jayne
Published: February 2016

This study investigated younger women’s body image after mastectomy. In all, 49 women, aged 29–53 years (mean age: 39 years) who had had bilateral ( n = 8) or unilateral ( n = 41) mastectomy responded to open-ended questions online. Inductive thematic analysis revealed that aesthetics were less important than survival between diagnosis and mastectomy. Following mastectomy, women negotiated new body identities. Treatment effects such as weight gain were significant concerns. However, impacts on body confidence varied, and some participants rejected mainstream body shape ideals and reported feeling proud of their scars. Implications for supporting younger women post-mastectomy, including promotion of body acceptance, are discussed.
Reconsidering the boundaries of the shadow carceral state: An analysis of the symbiosis between punishment and its memorialization
Authors: Kleuskens Shanisse , Piché Justin , Walby Kevin , Chen Ashley
Published: February 2016

Beckett and Murakawa conceptualize the ‘shadow carceral state’ as institutions deriving their authority from administrative and civil law that dole out punishment in conjunction with the penal state. This concept enriches criminological inquiry by expanding the boundaries of what punishment work entails. Left unexplored are the contributions of memory institutions such as penitentiary, prison and jail museums intersecting with the penal state that bolster the latter’s power to deprive liberty and inflict pain. Based on an analysis of three Canadian penal history museums, we illustrate how Correctional Service Canada mobilizes federal prison labour and other involuntary prisoner contributions, as well as agency staffing and resources to naturalize punishment. After examining this symbiosis between punishment and its memorialization, we argue for a conception of the shadow carceral state that includes cultural entities and processes which reproduce state control as a dominant way of responding to criminalized conflicts and harms.
Domestic transnationalism and the formation of pro-European sentiments
Authors: Fernández Juan J , Eigmüller Monika , Börner Stefanie
Published: February 2016

Increasingly, research on attitudes towards the European project focuses on transnational practices. This article furthers the transnational approach by offering the first systematic analysis of how domestic transnationalism – i.e. transnational practices conducted in the home country – influences the formation of pro-European sentiments. We argue that domestic transnational activities foster recognition of common, transnational interests and identities that support the European integration project. Using a 2013 Eurobarometer, we show the distinct need to pay attention to domestic transnationalism. Individuals engaging in more domestic transnational activities display more pro-European sentiments in four of our five dependent variables. Moreover, the effect of domestic transnationalism is particularly intense among less-educated citizens.
Knowing the other/other ways of knowing: Indigenous feminism, testimonial, and anti-globalization street discourse
Authors: Dulfano Isabel
Published: February 2016

In this article, I explore the relationship between anti-globalization counter hegemonic discourse and Indigenous feminist alternative knowledge production. Although seemingly unrelated, the autoethnographic writing of some Indigenous feminists from Latin America questions the assumptions and presuppositions of Western development models and globalization, while asserting an identity as contemporary Indigenous activist women. Drawing on the central ideas developed in the book Indigenous Feminist Narratives: I/We: Wo(men) of An(Other) Way, I reflect on parallels and counterpoints between the voices from the global street movement, “other” epistemologies (identified hereafter), postcolonial theory, and contemporary Indigenous feminist theorization.
Precursors to self-sustained oscillations in aeroacoustic systems
Authors: Nair Vineeth , Sujith RI
Published: February 2016

In this study, we attempt to provide a repertoire of measures to forewarn the onset of impending flow-induced mechanical oscillations via online health monitoring. To illustrate the principles, the flow of air through a pipe terminated by a circular orifice plate is investigated at various flow velocities using a suitably placed pressure transducer. It is observed that the regimes corresponding to the production of a tone is presaged by operating conditions that display temporarily intermittent bursts of periodic pressure oscillations that emerge from a background of lower-amplitude aperiodic fluctuations. The various model-free measures prescribed in this paper serve as efficient precursors by characterizing these intermittent states, which can potentially arise in aeroacoustic systems when the flow is highly unsteady or turbulent.
Variation of shock-spacing during screech stage-jumps
Authors: Clem Michelle M , Zaman KBMQ , Fagan Amy F
Published: February 2016

Flow visualization is used to investigate shock-spacings in a supersonic jet during stage-jumps associated with the screech phenomenon. Conventional schlieren and shadowgraphy techniques as well as a new projection focusing schlieren technique are employed. Both time-averaged and instantaneous snapshots of the flow field are analyzed for a 37.6 mm round convergent nozzle over the jet Mach number range of 1.0 <  Mj < 1.7. Shock-spacing is studied especially during hysteresis of the stage-jumps where two different screech frequencies could be realized at exactly the same Mj depending on whether the latter variable was increased or decreased. The data follow a monotonic trend without any discontinuity at any Mj. This establishes the fact that the stage-jumps in frequency are not associated with abrupt changes in the shock-spacing.
Application of low injection rate and low contrast agent dose in three-dimensional rotational digital subtraction angiography of the intracranial aneurysm
Authors: Gao Zhimei , Zeng Yongming , Sun Jingkun , Yang Jingjie , Zhou Yang , Zhou Mi , Song Tingni
Published: February 2016

Objective

The objective of this article is to explore the feasibility of low injection rate and low contrast agent dose in three-dimensional rotational digital subtraction angiography (3D DSA) of the intracranial aneurysm.

Materials and methods

Fifty-one patients with suspected intracranial aneurysms were included. The catheter tip was kept within the internal carotid artery at the epistropheus level. Patients were divided into three groups randomly according to injection rate: group A (1.5 ml/s, n = 18), group B (2.0 ml/s, n = 18), and group C (3.0 ml/s, n = 15). The noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of C2, C6, M1, and A1 segments were calculated. The continuous subtraction images and reconstructed images were evaluated by two technicians.

Results

No significant differences were found in noise between groups A and B, and groups A and C. Significant differences were found in the SNR and CNR of M1 and A1 segments between groups A and B, and groups B and C, but for C2 and C6 segments, they were not significant. Significant differences were found in the SNR and CNR of all segments between groups A and C. Significant differences were found in the contrast agent dose between all three groups. No significant differences were found in scores evaluated by two physicians between the three groups.

Conclusion

The personalized injection protocol of low injection rate and low contrast agent dose in 3D DSA of the intracranial aneurysm is feasible. The application of this protocol can reduce the dose of iodine and obtain satisfactory images.
Dose reduction in cone-beam CT scanning for intracranial stent deployment before coil embolization of intracranial wide-neck aneurysms
Authors: Kuriyama Takumi , Sakai Nobuyuki , Niida Norimitsu , Sueoka Masaki , Beppu Mikiya , Dahmani Chihebeddine , Kojima Iwao , Sakai Chiaki , Imamura Hirotoshi , Masago Katsuhiro , Katakami Nobuyuki
Published: February 2016

Purpose

Flat panel detector (FD)-equipped angiography machines are increasingly used for neuro-angiographic imaging. During intracranial stent-assisted coil embolization procedures, it is very important to clearly and quickly visualize stent shape after deployment in the vessel. It is necessary to quickly visualize stents by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The aim of this study was to compare CBCTs at 10 and 20 s, and to confirm that this method is useful for neuro-endovascular treatment procedures.

Materials and methods

We treated 30 patients with wide-necked intracranial aneurysms with a flexible, self-expanding neurovascular stent and subsequent aneurysm embolization with platinum micro-coils. We performed the CBCT after stent deployment. We compared the 10 s and 20 s CBCTs, using the full width one-half maximum (FWHM) visualization.

Results

Accurate stent placement with subsequent coil occlusion of the aneurysms was feasible in all patients. Stent struts were clearly visualized on both 10 s and 20 s CBCTs. Importantly, 10 s CBCT can reduce the radiation dose by about 42%, compared with 20 s CBCT. Performing 10 s CBCT with a 14% dilution of the contrast medium may significantly improve image acquisition during stent-assisted coil embolization.

Conclusions

Reduced-dose, 10 s CBCT can visualize stents in clinical cases, while significantly reducing radiation exposure.
Two case reports of generalized pustular psoriasis of pregnancy: Different outcomes
Authors: Flynn Aoibheann , Burke Naomi , Byrne Bridgette , Gleeson Noreen , Wynne Bairbre , Barnes Louise
Published: February 2016

Generalized pustular psoriasis of pregnancy is a rare dermatosis with potential serious consequences for both the mother and fetus. Treatment is difficult and historically steroids were the mainstay of treatment. Cyclosporin has been used for a few cases resistant to steroids. We report our own experience of two cases of generalized pustular psoriasis of pregnancy. Cases of generalized pustular psoriasis of pregnancy need review by a dermatologist with experience of skin disorders in pregnancy. Both the fetus and mother need to be monitored closely when systemic illness occurs, as there is a risk of stillbirth. Maternal sepsis is a known complication of generalized pustular psoriasis of pregnancy. Cyclosporin, when used appropriately is effective and relatively safe.
Postnormal Artefacts
Authors: Sardar Ziauddin
Published: February 2016

We are entering a new period of history—postnormal times, where increasingly what we have taken for granted and normal does not work. How can we distinguish this emerging period of history from previous ones? What are its distinctive features? By comparing the main characteristics of classic, modern, and postmodern periods, this article attempts to identify the unique artefacts of postnormal times.
Blunt cardiac injury without external evidence of thoracic trauma: A report of two pediatric cases
Authors: Monroe Dustin E , Willert Jennifer , Saba Ziad , Rosenfeld Howard , Willis Brigham C
Published: February 2016

Objective:

To report two cases of cardiac injury following blunt thoracic trauma without external evidence of injury.

Design:

Case report and review of the literature.

Setting:

A 23-bed pediatric intensive care unit in an academic children’s hospital.

Interventions:

Two children presented following significant thoracic trauma without external evidence of injury. Cardiac injury was not initially suspected, and lack of definitive diagnostic evaluation led to a delay in diagnosis and definitive treatment.

Results:

A 4-year-old girl presented 6 months after initial injury and evaluation with massive right ventricular dilatation secondary to traumatic tricuspid regurgitation. The second patient, an 11-year-old boy, underwent a laparotomy for suspected abdominal pathology delaying diagnosis of his traumatic ventricular septal defect and definitive repair until clinical hemodynamic deterioration occurred.

Conclusion:

Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for cardiac injury in patients with a significant mechanism of thoracic trauma despite external evidence. Standard screening tests are often inadequate and echocardiography should be performed for any suspected cardiac trauma.
Performance Management System as a Predictor of Organizational Effectiveness: Insights from Indian Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Sahu Rajib Narayan , Jena Lalatendu Kesari , Parida Subhas Chandra
Published: February 2016

Assessment of performance in a regular and systematic manner is an essential activity on the part of the management, because it not only serves to evaluate and monitor the growth and development of the organization; but also provides necessary career direction for an individual employee. By establishing clear performance expectations which includes results, actions, and behaviors, the process helps the employees in understanding what exactly is expected out of their jobs. Clearly defined goals blended with regular assessments of individual performance is pertinent for defining the corporate competencies and exploring the major skill gaps that serves as a useful input for designing the HRD plans for the employees. However, in many organizations there happens to be a gap between the intention and actual practice of performance appraisal systems. Especially in Indian organizations, earlier research has surfaced the fact that, the existing performance management systems (PMSs) though provides for use of appraisal data for administrative purposes, but in actual practice there is missing link between the appraisal outcomes and subsequent design and execution of developmental program. Keeping in view of the importance of such an emerging area, an attempt has been made by the researchers to assess the perceptions of employees regarding the PMS and its role in achieving organizational effectiveness. A survey has been conducted though a questionnaire along with focused group discussion to examine the efficacy of performance management as a tool of HR interventions with 200 purposive sample professionals employed in Indian manufacturing industries. The analysis confirms the association between PMS and organizational effectiveness. However, there are difference of perception between line managers about PMS and where agreement exists; it is not associated with superior outcomes because of lack of clarity in the existing system. By analyzing the discussions, it was concluded that, there is distinct differentiation of involvement of different levels of management in the performance appraisal mechanism. Moreover, the reciprocal trigonometric relationship between the PMS, competency management system, and training and development is also emphasized.
Zn-rich smectite from the Silver Coin Mine, Nevada, USA
Authors: Kaufhold S. , Färber G. , Dohrmann R. , Ufer K. , Grathoff G.
Published: February 2016

More than 100 minerals have been reported from the Silver Coin Mine, Nevada USA; five new minerals have been discovered here, due to the unusual geochemical environment. The present study reports on the investigation of a greenish clayey sample from the Silver Coin Mine. After the separation of a fine fraction to enrich the clay minerals, sauconite, a rare Zn-rich smectite, was found by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and was further characterized by differential thermal analysis (DTA), infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Zn-rich smectite is accompanied by illite, minor kaolinite/halloysite and traces of gibbsite (as was indicated by the IR spectroscopy). The occurrence indicates an acidic environment probably caused by oxidation of sulfides.

The determination of the structural formula, to further characterize the Zn-rich smectite, was difficult because of the multi-clay mineral assembly. However, different SEM-EDX (energy dispersive X-ray) approaches as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-EDX analysis helped to characterize the smectite as Al-rich sauconite with some exchangeable K+.
Characterization and distribution of fibrous tremolite and chrysotile minerals in the Eskişehir region of western Turkey
Authors: Kadіr S. , Erkoyun H.
Published: February 2016

Because of widespread tremolite and chrysotile minerals in Palaeozoic-Mesozoic metamorphic and Triassic ophiolitic units, respectively, in the Eskişehir region, Turkey, there is significant potential for development of cases of mesothelioma. Such occurrences in the Eskişehir region show a positive correlation with the concentration and dimension of tremolite crystals compared with those of chrysotile crystals. A detailed assessment of the mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of these materials has not been carried out to date; the present study was undertaken to fill that gap. The sharp diagnostic basal reflections at 8.14 Å, 3.09 Å and at 7.30 Å, 3.63 Å, well defined fibrous crystallinity, and ideal differential thermal analysis-thermal gravimetric and Raman curves suggest the development of well crystallized fibrous/acicular tremolite and chrysotile with the average structural formulae of: (Na0.07K0.03)(Ca1.68Mg0.18Mn0.01)(Fe0.42Mg4.55Ti0.01)(Si7.60Al0.24Fe0.16)O22(OH)2, and (Mg5.55Fe0.41 Mn0.006)(Si3.79Al0.13)O10(OH)8, respectively.

Enrichment of light rare earth elements relative to medium rare earth elements and heavy rare earth elements in tremolite compared to that of chrysotile which exhibits no anomaly and negative anomalies for Ba, Sr, Ce, Nb, Yand Zr in the tremolite samples and chrysotile, are responses to the fractionation of feldspar, glaucophane, pyroxene and olivine under the high temperatures of hydrothermal-alteration processes during serpentinization and the high-pressure conditions of metamorphism. Based on H and O isotope data, the tremolite and chrysotile are thought to have developed from tectonically controlled magmatic and meteoric hydrothermal systems and the formation temperatures of the tremolite are higher than those of chrysotile.
Acquisition of a CD19-negative myeloid phenotype allows immune escape of MLL-rearranged B-ALL from CD19 CAR-T-cell therapy
Authors: Gardner Rebecca , Wu David , Cherian Sindhu , Fang Min , Hanafi Laïla-Aïcha , Finney Olivia , Smithers Hannah , Jensen Michael C. , Riddell Stanley R. , Maloney David G. , Turtle Cameron J.
Published: February 2016

Key Points

CD19-targeted CAR-T-cell therapy of patients with MLL-rearranged B-ALL effectively induced marrow remission of B-ALL. Patients with MLL-rearranged B-ALL who attain CR after CD19 CAR-T-cell therapy may be at risk for relapse with clonally related AML.
Connective tissue diseases, multimorbidity and the ageing lung
Authors: Spagnolo Paolo , Cordier Jean-François , Cottin Vincent
Published: February 2016

Connective tissue diseases encompass a wide range of heterogeneous disorders characterised by immune-mediated chronic inflammation often leading to tissue damage, collagen deposition and possible loss of function of the target organ. Lung involvement is a common complication of connective tissue diseases. Depending on the underlying disease, various thoracic compartments can be involved but interstitial lung disease is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. Interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension or both are found most commonly in systemic sclerosis. In the elderly, the prevalence of connective tissue diseases continues to rise due to both longer life expectancy and more effective and better-tolerated treatments. In the geriatric population, connective tissue diseases are almost invariably accompanied by age-related comorbidities, and disease- and treatment-related complications, which contribute to the significant morbidity and mortality associated with these conditions, and complicate treatment decision-making. Connective tissue diseases in the elderly represent a growing concern for healthcare providers and an increasing burden of global health resources worldwide. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the immune functions in the elderly and evidence-based guidelines specifically designed for this patient population are instrumental to improving the management of connective tissue diseases in elderly patients.
Monitoring latent tuberculosis infection diagnosis and management in the Netherlands
Authors: Erkens Connie G.M. , Slump Erika , Verhagen Maurits , Schimmel Henrieke , de Vries Gerard , Cobelens Frank , van den Hof Susan
Published: February 2016

Targeted diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) among persons with a high risk of exposure to TB or of developing TB when infected has been performed and monitored routinely in the Netherlands since 1993. We describe trends in target groups, diagnostic methods and treatment regimens, and explore determinants for treatment initiation, treatment completion and adverse events.

In total, 37 729 persons were registered with LTBI from 1993 to 2013, of whom 28 931 (77%) started preventive treatment; 82% of those completed preventive treatment and 8% stopped preventive treatment due to adverse events. Two-thirds of the notified cases were detected through contact investigation.

Increasing numbers of persons with immunosuppressive disorders, elderly persons and foreign-born persons were notified in recent years, due to policy changes and the introduction of the interferon-γ release assay. Children (96%) and the immunosuppressed (95%) were more likely to start preventive treatment. Children (93%) were also more likely to complete preventive treatment, as were persons treated with rifampicin or rifampicin/isoniazid regimens (91% and 92%, respectively). The latter groups were also 40% less likely to stop preventive treatment due to adverse events.

Under these operational conditions, the estimated risk reduction on incident TB in the target population for LTBI management is 40–60%.
The feasibility of a modified shoe for multi‐segment foot motion analysis: a preliminary study
Authors: Halstead J. , Keenan A. M. , Chapman G. J. , Redmond A. C.
Published: February 2016

Background

The majority of multi‐segment kinematic foot studies have been limited to barefoot conditions, because shod conditions have the potential for confounding surface‐mounted markers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a shoe modified with a webbed upper can accommodate multi‐segment foot marker sets without compromising kinematic measurements under barefoot and shod conditions.

Methods

Thirty participants (15 controls and 15 participants with midfoot pain) underwent gait analysis in two conditions; barefoot and wearing a shoe (shod) in a random order. The shod condition employed a modified shoe (rubber plimsoll) with a webbed upper, allowing skin mounted reflective markers to be visualised through slits in the webbed material. Three dimensional foot kinematics were captured using the Oxford multi‐segment foot model whilst participants walked at a self‐selected speed.

Results

The foot pain group showed greater hindfoot eversion and less hindfoot dorsiflexion than controls in the barefoot condition and these differences were maintained when measured in the shod condition. Differences between the foot pain and control participants were also observed for walking speed in the barefoot and in the shod conditions. No significant differences between foot pain and control groups were demonstrated at the forefoot in either condition.

Conclusions

Subtle differences between pain and control groups, which were found during barefoot walking are retained when wearing the modified shoe. The novel properties of the modified shoe offers a potential solution for the use of passive infrared based motion analysis for shod applications, for instance to investigate the kinematic effect of foot orthoses.
Mcl-1 confers protection of Her2-positive breast cancer cells to hypoxia: therapeutic implications
Authors: Bashari Muhammad Hasan , Fan Fengjuan , Vallet Sonia , Sattler Martin , Arn Melissa , Luckner-Minden Claudia , Schulze-Bergkamen Henning , Zörnig Inka , Marme Frederik , Schneeweiss Andreas , Cardone Michael H. , Opferman Joseph T. , Jäger Dirk , Podar Klaus
Published: February 2016

Background

Molecular mechanisms leading to the adaptation of breast cancer (BC) cells to hypoxia are largely unknown. The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) is frequently amplified in BC; and elevated Mcl-1 levels have been correlated with poor prognosis. Here we investigated the pathophysiologic role of Mcl-1 in Her2-positive BC cells under hypoxic conditions.

Methods

RNA interference and a novel small molecule inhibitor, EU-5346, were used to examine the role of Mcl-1 in Her2-positive BC cell lines and primary BC cells (sensitive or intrinsically resistant to Her2 inhibitors) under hypoxic conditions (using a hypoxic incubation chamber). Mechanisms-of-action were investigated by RT-PCR, mitochondrial isolation, as well as immunoprecipitation/blotting analysis, and microscopy. The specificity against Mcl-1 of the novel small molecule inhibitor EU5346 was verified in Mcl-1Δ/nullversus Mcl-1wt/wt Murine Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs). Proliferation, survival, and spheroid formation were assessed in response to Mcl-1 and Her2 inhibition.

Results

We demonstrate for a strong correlation between high Mcl-1 protein levels and hypoxia, predominantly in Her2-positive BC cells. Surprisingly, genetic depletion of Mcl-1 decreased Her2 and Hif-1α levels followed by inhibition of BC cell survival. In contrast, Mcl-1 protein levels were not downregulated after genetic depletion of Her2 indicating a regulatory role of Mcl-1 upstream of Her2. Indeed, Mcl-1 and Her2 co-localize within the mitochondrial fraction and form a Mcl-1/Her2- protein complex. Similar to genetically targeting Mcl-1 the novel small molecule Mcl-1 inhibitor EU-5346 induced cell death and decreased spheroid formation in Her2-positive BC cells. Of interest, EU-5346 induced ubiquitination of Mcl-1- bound Her2 demonstrating a previously unknown role for Mcl-1 to stabilize Her2 protein levels. Importantly, targeting Mcl-1 was also active in Her2-positive BC cells resistant to Her2 inhibitors, including a brain-primed Her2-positive cell line.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate a critical role of Mcl-1 in Her2-positive BC cell survival under hypoxic conditions and provide the preclinical framework for the therapeutic use of novel Mcl-1- targeting agents to improve patient outcome in BC.
Effective glue between geoscience concepts, data, and modeling systems
Authors: Verschuren Mark , Butler David M.
Published: February 2016

We describe the use of a novel mathematical data model, the sheaf data model, to support management and integration of diverse data sources and modeling tools used in the process of subsurface interpretation. We first introduce a simple abstract framework for the interpretation process. We follow with a review of the notion of data model and the requirements a data (meta-)model must meet to effectively support data integration in geoscience applications. We introduce the sheaf model and give a mostly non-mathematical overview of the principle features of the model, showing how it meets the requirements and how it can be used to make the abstract interpretation framework operational. We then describe the application of the framework and model to several specific interpretation topics. We finish by comparing the framework presented here to two existing frameworks.
Essential Role of IGFIR in the Onset of Male Brown Fat Thermogenic Function: Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis by Differential Organ-Specific Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Viana-Huete Vanesa , Guillén Carlos , García-Aguilar Ana , García Gema , Fernández Silvia , Kahn C. R. , Benito Manuel
Published: February 2016

Brown fat is a thermogenic tissue that generates heat to maintain body temperature in cold environments and dissipate excess energy in response to overfeeding. We have addressed the role of the IGFIR in the brown fat development and function. Mice lacking IGFIR exhibited normal brown adipose tissue/body weight in knockout (KO) vs control mice. However, lack of IGFIR decreased uncoupling protein 1 expression in interscapular brown fat and beige cells in inguinal fat. More importantly, the lack of IGFIR resulted in an impaired cold acclimation. No differences in the total fat volume were found in the KO vs control mice. Epididymal fat showed larger adipocytes but with a lower number of adipocytes in KO vs control mice at age 12 months. In addition, KO mice showed a sustained moderate hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia upon time and hepatic insulin insensitivity associated with lipid accumulation, with the outcome of a global insulin resistance. In addition, we found that the expression of uncoupling protein 3 in the skeletal muscle was decreased and its expression was increased in the heart in parallel with the expression of beta-2 adrenergic receptors. Upon nonobesogenic high-fat diet, we found a severe insulin resistance in the liver and in the skeletal muscle, but unchanged insulin sensitivity in the heart. In conclusion, our data suggest that IGFIR it is not an essential growth factor in the brown fat development in the presence of the IR and very high plasma levels of IGF-I, but it is indispensable for full brown fat functionality.