bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Slicing for Concurrent Constraint Languages
Authors: Falaschi Moreno , Gabbrielli Maurizio , Olarte Carlos , Palamidessi Catuscia
Published: December 2020

Concurrent Constraint Programming (CCP) is a declarative model for concurrency where agents interact by telling and asking constraints (pieces of information) in a shared store. Some previous works have developed (approximated) declarative debuggers for CCP languages. However, the task of debugging concurrent programs remains difficult. In this paper we define a dynamic slicer for CCP (and other language variants) and we show it to be a useful companion tool for the existing debugging techniques. We start with a partial computation (a trace) that shows the presence of bugs. Often, the quantity of information in such a trace is overwhelming, and the user gets easily lost, since she cannot focus on the sources of the bugs. Our slicer allows for marking part of the state of the computation and assists the user to eliminate most of the redundant information in order to highlight the errors. We show that this technique can be tailored to several variants of CCP, such as the timed language ntcc, linear CCP (an extension of CCPbased on linear logic where constraints can be consumed) and some extensions of CCP dealing with epistemic and spatial information. We also develop a prototypical implementation freely available for making experiments.
Deriving Efficient Sequential and Parallel Generators for Closed Simply-Typed Lambda Terms and Normal Forms
Authors: Tarau Paul
Published: December 2020

Contrary to several other families of lambda terms, no closed formula or generating function is known and none of the sophisticated techniques devised in analytic combinatorics can currently help with counting or generating the set of simply-typed closed lambda terms of a given size. Moreover, their asymptotic scarcity among the set of closed lambda terms makes counting them via brute force generation and type inference quickly intractable, with previous published work showing counts for them only up to size 10. By taking advantage of the synergy between logic variables, unification with occurs check and efficient backtracking in today’s Prolog systems, we climb 4 orders of magnitude above previously known counts by deriving progressively faster sequential Prolog programs that generate and/or count the set of closed simply-typed lambda terms of sizes up to 14. Similar counts for closed simply-typed normal forms are also derived up to size 14. Finally, we devise several parallel execution algorithms, based on generating code to be uniformly distributed among the available cores, that push the counts for simply typed terms up to size 15 and simply typed normal forms up to size 16. As a remarkable feature, our parallel algorithms are linearly scalable with the number of available cores.
Regional effect of monetary policy based on GVAR model and machine learning
Authors: Zhao Zengming , Chen Wenting
Published: December 2020

Monetary policy is an important means for a country to regulate macroeconomic operations and achieve established economic goals. Moreover, a reasonable monetary policy improves the efficiency of financial operations on a global scale and effectively resolves the financial crisis. At present, scholars from various countries have begun to pay attention to the issue of differentiated formulation of monetary policy among regions. This paper combines machine learning to construct a monetary policy differentiation effect analysis model based on the GVAR model. Moreover, this paper uses the gray correlation analysis method to obtain the gray correlation matrix between industries, and then introduces the industry’s own characteristics, industry relevance and macroeconomic factors into the macro stress test of credit risk. In addition, this paper constructs a conduction model based on the industry GVAR model, and uses the first-order difference sequence of GDP growth rate, CPI growth rate and M2 growth rate of each economic region to construct a GVAR model to test the impulse response function. The results of the test show that the monetary policy shocks of various economic regions are significantly different. All in all, the research results show that the performance of the model constructed in this paper is good.
Comprehensive analysis of risk factors in Internet agricultural finance based on neural network model
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Xueshun , Zhang Wenziyi , Zheng Ke , Fu Xinhong
Published: December 2020

Agricultural industrialization is a major reform and practice in the process of agricultural development and requires theoretical guidance. However, the current theoretical research on financial support for the development of agricultural industrialization is insufficient, which to a certain extent seriously affects the development speed of agricultural industrialization. This paper studies the nature of the part and tail probability of dependent random variable sequences with different distributions, and focuses on the random variable sequences with wide dependent structures, and obtains the relevant probability estimation formulas. At the same time, this paper also considers the application of the main results in complete convergence. Moreover, based on the research on the nature of dependent random variable sequences, the dependent risk model is discussed, which combines Internet finance with the development of agricultural industrialization. In addition, this article uses agricultural industrialization theory and Internet finance theory to study the support of Internet finance for the development of agricultural industrialization in my country. The research results show that the model constructed in this paper has a certain effect.
Incremental approaches to update multigranulation approximations for dynamic information systems
Authors: Hu Chengxiang , Zhang Li , Liu Shixi
Published: December 2020

Multigranulation rough set (MGRS) theory provides an effective manner for the problem solving by making use of multiple equivalence relations. As the information systems always dynamically change over time due to the addition or deletion of multiple objects, how to efficiently update the approximations in multigranulation spaces by making fully utilize the previous results becomes a crucial challenge. Incremental learning provides an efficient manner because of the incorporation of both the current information and previously obtained knowledge. In spite of the success of incremental learning, well-studied findings performed to update approximations in multigranulation spaces have relatively been scarce. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose matrix-based incremental approaches for updating approximations from the perspective of multigranulation when multiple objects vary over time. Based on the matrix characterization of multigranulation approximations, the incremental mechanisms for relevant matrices are systematically investigated while adding or deleting multiple objects. Subsequently, in accordance with the incremental mechanisms, the corresponding incremental algorithms for maintaining multigranulation approximations are developed to reduce the redundant computations. Finally, extensive experiments on eight datasets available from the University of California at Irvine (UCI) are conducted to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed incremental algorithms in comparison with the existing non-incremental algorithm.
Kinesthetic illusion induced by visual stimulation influences sensorimotor event-related desynchronization in stroke patients with severe upper-limb paralysis: A pilot study
Authors: Okawada Megumi , Kaneko Fuminari , Shindo Keiichiro , Yoneta Masaki , Sakai Katsuya , Okuyama Kohei , Akaboshi Kazuto , Liu Meigen
Published: December 2020

Background:

Repetition of motor imagery improves the motor function of patients with stroke. However, patients who develop severe upper-limb paralysis after chronic stroke often have an impaired ability to induce motor imagery. We have developed a method to passively induce kinesthetic perception using visual stimulation (kinesthetic illusion induced by visual stimulation [KINVIS]).

Objective:

This pilot study further investigated the effectiveness of KINVIS in improving the induction of kinesthetic motor imagery in patients with severe upper-limb paralysis after stroke.

Methods:

Twenty participants (11 with right hemiplegia and 9 with left hemiplegia; mean time from onset [±standard deviation], 67.0±57.2 months) with severe upper-limb paralysis who could not extend their paretic fingers were included in this study. The ability to induce motor imagery was evaluated using the event-related desynchronization (ERD) recorded during motor imagery before and after the application of KINVIS for 20 min. The alpha- and beta-band ERDs around the premotor, primary sensorimotor, and posterior parietal cortices of the affected and unaffected hemispheres were evaluated during kinesthetic motor imagery of finger extension and before and after the intervention.

Results:

Beta-band ERD recorded from the affected hemisphere around the sensorimotor area showed a significant increase after the intervention, while the other ERDs remained unchanged.

Conclusions:

In patients with chronic stroke who were unable to extend their paretic fingers for a prolonged period of time, the application of KINVIS, which evokes kinesthetic perception, improved their ability to induce motor imagery. Our findings suggest that although KINVIS is a passive intervention, its short-term application can induce changes related to the motor output system.
A challenge for historical research: Making data FAIR using a collaborative ontology management environment (OntoME)
Authors: Beretta Francesco
Published: December 2020

This paper addresses the issue of interoperability of data generated by historical research and heritage institutions in order to make them re-usable for new research agendas according to the FAIR principles. After introducing the symogih.org project’s ontology, it proposes a description of the essential aspects of the process of historical knowledge production. It then develops an epistemological and semantic analysis of conceptual data modelling applied to factual historical information, based on the foundational ontologies Constructive Descriptions and Situations and DOLCE, and discusses the reasons for adopting the CIDOC CRM as a core ontology for the field of historical research, but extending it with some relevant, missing high-level classes. Finally, it shows how collaborative data modelling carried out in the ontology management environment OntoME makes it possible to elaborate a communal fine-grained and adaptive ontology of the domain, provided an active research community engages in this process. With this in mind, the Data for history consortium was founded in 2017 and promotes the adoption of a shared conceptualization in the field of historical research.
Use, Outcomes and Policy on the Placement of Automated External Defibrillators on Commercial Aircraft for the Management of In-flight Cardiac Arrest; A Scoping Review
Authors: Sheehan Patrick , Quinn Tom
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction 

Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are increasingly available in public places for the treatment of cardiac arrest. Some commercial aircraft carry an AED, but little is known about international policies and requirements. The aim is to review policy regarding AED placement on commercial aircraft, summarising reported incidence and outcomes of AED utilisation for individuals experiencing an in-flight cardiac arrest (IFCA).

Methods

A scoping review was undertaken. Online databases (Medline and CINAHL) were searched using prespecified terms to identify reports evidencing use, outcome and policy of AEDS for IFCA on commercial aircraft. Reports were screened and data extracted following scoping review extraction methods. Data were analysed to describe incidence of AED use and outcomes following IFCA, and policies regarding AED placement on commercial aircraft.

Results  

9 observational studies were identified. 8 reported instances of successful shock delivery using AED. No published reports of safety incidents involving in-flight AED use were found. 7 studies reported survival following AED use: of these, 6 reported administration of a shock for IFCA survivors, whilst 1 study reported deployment of an AED without shock delivery.  Overall, survival following in-flight AED use was 9%, with 37% survival reported where patients presented with shockable rhythm. Only one policy mandating AED placement on commercial aircraft was identified.

Conclusion

Despite the small, retrospective and observational nature of the reports identified, findings suggest in-flight AED use is feasible and associated with improved outcomes from IFCA.

Keywords: cardiac arrest; defibrillators; AED; aircraft; flight 
Nouvelles observations sur le comportement de quelques espèces de Sphéciformes paléarctiques (Hymenoptera, Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, Crabronidae)
Authors: Gros Edgard
Published: December 2020

New observations on the behaviour of some species of Palaearctic Spheciformes (Hymenoptera, Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, Crabronidae). Original observations were made on the behaviour of twelve species of Spheciformes belonging to six different genera: Dolichurus corniculus (Spinola, 1808), D. bicolor Lepeletier, 1845, D. haemorrhous A. Costa, 1886 (Ampulicidae); Sceliphron caementarium (Drury, 1773), Prionyx kirbii (Vander Linden, 1827), P. subfuscatus (Dahlbom, 1825) (Sphecidae); Liris atratus (Spinola, 1805), L. niger (Fabricius, 1775), L. festinans praetermissus (Richards, 1929), Tachytes freygessneri Kohl, 1881, Tachysphex incertus (Radoszkowski, 1877), T. panzeri (Vander Linden, 1829), T. pompiliformis (Panzer, 1805) (Crabronidae). A list of preys is given for each species mentioned. The observations were made in the field between 1967 and 2019 in France, Spain, Portugal and Tunisia.
A new genus and species of subterranean diving beetle from Laos (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae, Hydroporini)
Authors: Queney Pierre , Lemaire Jean-Michel , Ferrand Marina
Published: December 2020

The first stygobiontic diving beetle known from Laos, Laodytes lapiei n. gen., n. sp., is described from a cave located in the Vientiane province. Its morphological characters lead to its placement, among Hydroporinae, in Hydroporini. Inside these, the new species could not be assigned to an existing genus. As a result, a new genus has been defined without it being possible, at the present stage, to assign it to one of the currently recognized subtribes.
“双一流”背景下高校学术道德保障体系建设对策研究
Authors: 霍 楷 , 潘 竞苏 , 张 萌
Published: December 2020

文章分析了在“双一流”背景下高校学术道德建设过程中存在的问题，从本质上阐明了学术道德建设的内涵以及重要性。同时，对我国高校学术道德建设的进展作了分析和研究。我国高校的学术道德建设进程相比于国外优秀高校还仅停留在初级阶段，须借鉴国外高校的先进经验，探索符合我国国情的学术道德建设体系。为了构建高校风清气正的科研生态环境，加强高校学术道德建设势在必行。
“一带一路”背景下天津市泰语人才培养模式探析
Authors: 岩 温香
Published: December 2020

文章介绍了天津市泰语人才培养的必要性和现状，并分析了天津市泰语建设和发展以及人才培养所遇到的问题，结合天津外国语大学的特点和实际，通过分析天津市区位、天津外国语大学自身条件、专业建设和学科建设以及教学方法和模式，提出了天津市泰语人才培养的一些建议和策略。
新工科背景下自动化专业应用型人才实践教学改革探索
Authors: 刘 伟 , 王 俊 , 李 秀娟 , 谢 宇 , 陈 可琼
Published: December 2020

工程知识应用能力和创新能力培养是新工科背景下高等工程教育面临的重要挑战。自动化是工科三大专业之一，实践教学是自动化专业人才培养的重要环节。如何整合传统的实验结构，更高效的利用实验资源，适应现代社会对创新型工程技术人才的需求是实践教学环节亟需解决的问题。本文从自动化专业实践教学现状，新工科人才需求分析，面向新工科的实践体系构建等方面进行了探索，为提升实践教学效果，保障实践教学质量，培养自动化专业创新型工程技术人才提供了思路。
影响大学生创业意向的个体心理因素及其启示
Authors: 张 宇鹏
Published: December 2020

大学生是当今社会创业的一支重要力量。本文立足于个体心理差异的角度，从个体认知风格、人格和能力等方面的个体差异出发，系统回顾和总结了大学生创业意向的影响因素。启示我们今后应综合不同个体心理差异因素，建立有效识别有创业意向大学生的预测模型，并进一步探讨个体心理差异对大学生实际创业行为的影响，为今后大学生创业教育提供更丰富的理论支持。
浅析影视作品对大学生主流意识形态教育的影响
Authors: 孙 圣一
Published: December 2020

作为国家栋梁，祖国未来的大学生，主流意识形态教育是高校现今所面临得重要问题。通过对影视作品的发展，作品类型等多方面维度的调研，可以更好得发挥影视作品对于大学生主流意识形态的正确导向，从潜移默化的引导和隐性教育中，使学生树立正确的主流意识形态。
“停课不停学”背景下高校学前教育专业线上教学实践探究
Authors: 刘 磊
Published: December 2020

教育部发出“停课不停学”的通知，以解决延期开学期间学生居家学习的问题,在此背景下本研究以学前教育专业核心课程学前教育学科线上教学实践为案例，探究开展在线教学的有效策略，以期不断提升学生在线学习质量以及传统课堂教学的改革和创新。
小学数学课堂中学生数学语言培养策略浅谈
Authors: 杨 雄
Published: December 2020

在小学阶段，数学作为基础学科之一，对学生的发展有着非常重要的意义。随着我国教育事业的不断进步，新课标教学理念已经贯彻到整个小学阶段的教育之中，要求全面提升学生的综合素质，让学生获得全面发展。在小学阶段，学生在掌握理论知识的同时，也需要培养他们的逻辑表达能力，而逻辑表达能力的提升，可以通过学习数学加以培养。事实上，在教学的过程中，经常会出现学生不敢开口回答问题的现象，或是回答问题逻辑性不强，不能很好地表现出问题重点等，这些现象说明对学生的语言表达能力培养有待提升。
新冠疫情下高校网络思政教育的作用
Authors: 宋 光耀
Published: December 2020

自2020年新冠肺炎疫情发生以来，各省市采取防疫政策，学校延迟开学，各类高等教育在学总规模4002万人大学生在家学习生活，以保障学生的身体健康。然而大学生的成长身心都需要健康发展，加强抗击疫情时期的大学生思想政治教育, 既是推进疫情防控工作的客观需要，也是各高校学习贯彻习总书记教育重要论述精要义、坚持立德树人、保证在校大学生身心健康发展的关键。
“新工科”背景下校企合作实践教学基地建设与研究
Authors: 赵 丽霞
Published: December 2020

近年来，我国“深化产教融合、校企合作”随着教育行业的改革和发展迅速兴起。本文主要通过研究围绕在“新工科”的大背景下，为实现高校产教融合和校企合作实践教学基地建设的提高和进步，以计算机科学与技术、网络工程等新工科专业为例，开展基于CDIO理念的“新工科”背景下的高校与企业的合作实践教学基地建设研究，旨在探索通过校企合作实践教学基地的建设达成高校与企业的深度融合和优势互补，学校与企业在信息、资源等多方面实现共享与合作双赢，为社会培养更多高素质应用型人才。
OXIDATIVE CONVERSION OF LOWER OLEFINS AND PARAFFINS OVER THE MODIFIED ZEOLITE CATALYSTS
Authors:   M.Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, of NAS of Azerbaijan, Aliyev A.M.
Published: December 2020

With the purpose of development of high efficiency catalysts for reactions of the oxidative conversion of lower olefins and paraffins into the desired products of petrochemical industry it has been synthesized by ion exchange method a range of the metalzeolite catalysts on the basis of synthetic (NaY) and natural (pure and dealuminated clinoptilolite and mordenite) zeolites and the cations of different metals. It has been established that the metalzeolite catalysts prepared on the basis of synthetic zeolite NaY shows relatively high activity in the oxidative conversion of ethylene and propylene into acetaldehyde and acetone accordingly. It has been also synthesized a highly effective metalzeolite catalysts for the processes: oxidative conversion of methane into ethylene; oxidative conversion of propane into acetaldehyde and formaldehyde; oxidative conversion of methane to ethylene and acetylene; oxidative conversion of methane to 1,4-butanediol
IMPROVEMENT OF THERMAL OXIDATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL FUELS WITH ESTERS OF CYCLIC POLYATOMIC ALCOHOLS
Authors:   Y.Mammadaliev Institute of Petrochemical Processes, NAS of Azerbaijan, Yusifova L.M.
Published: December 2020

A number of symmetric, asymmetric and complex esters of 2,2,5,5-tetramethylolcyclopentanol and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylolcyclohexanol were synthesized, their physicochemical, viscosity-temperature and thermo-oxidative properties were studied. With the addition of these esters to hydrotreated diesel fuels 0.004% it was possible to significantly improve the operational properties of fuels: to increase thermal oxidative stability, flash point and lower pour point. Proceeding from these results, the esters of cyclic polyatomic alcohols are recommended as complex additives to diesel fuels
PHASE EQUILIBRIA OF THE PbBi2Te4–"PbSb2Te4" SECTION OF THE PbTe–Bi2Te3–Sb2Te3 SYSTEM AND SOME PROPERTIES OF THE SOLID SOLUTIONS
Authors:   M.Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, of NAS of Azerbaijan, Aghazade A.I.
Published: December 2020

PbTe–Bi2Te3–Sb2Te3 system has been studied by DTA and X-ray diffraction methods along the PbBi2Te4 – "PbSb2Te4" section. It was found that the compound of the composition PbSb2Te4, specified in the literature does not exist. On the basis of the latter a wide (more than 50 mol%) area of solid solution (γ) was detected. By using obtained experimental results, a fragment of the solid-phase equilibrium diagram of the PbTe–Bi2Te3–Sb2Te3 system was constructed and boundaries of the heterogeneous areas α+γ, α+β, α+β+γ (α- and β- are solid solutions based on PbTe and Sb2Te3, respectively) have been determined
SYNTHESIS HYDROXYETHYL IMIDAZOLINES OF NATURE PETROLEUM ACIDS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF CAVITATION EFFECT
Authors:   Ganja State University, Kasamanli X.H.
Published: December 2020

The synthesis hydroxyethyl imidazolines of NPA under the influence of ultrasound took place under the influence of the cavitation effect created by ultrasound. It became clear from the results that by applying the cavitation effect of ultrasound to the classical method of synthesis of imidazolines, it is possible to reduce the synthesis time by 2–5 times compared to other synthesis methods, obtaining imidazolines with a yield of 92–97%. The synthesis time for this synthesis was 4 hours, the molar ratio of acid and amine was 1:1, the amplitude of the ultrasonic processor was 55% and the final temperature was 200oC
BITUMEN COMPOSITION OF IMPROVED QUALITY FOR PAVING
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, MammadHasan-zade D.S. , Ibragimov I.Kh. ,   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of secondary polyethylene modification of oil asphalt containing 2.0–2.8% of rubber crumbs. It is shown that at an optimal concentration of black oil M-40 in the content of bitumen composition with an increase in the amount of the introduced plasticizer – secondary polyethylene – from 1.4 to 4.0 mass %, the softening point of the final product varies from 46 to 800C, and the extensibility index – from 4 to 13 cm
OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION OF CYCLOHEXANOL TO CYCLOHEXANONE CATALYSED BY MODIFIED ZEOLITE CATALYST
Authors:   M.Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, of NAS of Azerbaijan, Shabanova Z.A.
Published: December 2020

Gas-phase oxidative dehydrogenation at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 260–3700С in the presence of a modified zeolite catalyst clinoptilolite cyclohexanol with a conversion of 90–99 % was oxidized to cyclohexanone with the selectivity of 96–98 %. It has been studied kinetic laws of the reaction
DEALING WITH STUDENTS’ RETICENCE IN SPEAKING ACTIVITY IN EFL CLASSROOM
Authors: Aripin Jenal , Umam Amalul
Published: December 2020

Speaking is an activity in an English classroom in which students must integrate not only higher order thinking skills but also confidence. As a result, it can be problematic for students because they feel shy or reticent. This study aimed at finding out the cause of students’ reluctance in speaking activities. The study was framed by using classroom action research in which 2 cycles were employed. Each cycle consisted of four stages: planning, action, evaluation, and reflection. There were 40 students in the 7th grade of junior high school in Bogor as the participants of the study. The data was collected through documentation, observation, and semi-structured interviews. The results showed that the causes of students' reluctance in speaking class were shy, lazy, afraid and ignorance. Giving more students’ talk time as a teaching strategy in English speaking activity can be done to reduce students’ reticence.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS TOWARD THE USE OF MOBILE LEARNING IN LEARNING ENGLISH
Authors: Jaelani Alan , Dairotul Rahmah Siti
Published: December 2020

This study aims at investigating students’ perceptions toward the use of mobile learning (m-learning) in learning English and of the effects itself. This study uses qualitative as a framework for analyzing and collecting the data. The data were obtained from questionnaire and interview. The data were analyzed through transcribing, coding and interpreting. This study reveals that the majority of students have positive perceptions on the use of m-learning; students may easily access useful material by using mobile devices; m-learning help students increase flexibility of learning inside and outside classroom because they can easily get learning materials anywhere and anytime. Most of the students perceive that the use of m-learning can improve their English skills and enable them to independent learning.
INTEGRATING CHARACTER BUILDING INTO ENGLISH TEACHING AND LEARNING PRACTICE IN INDONESIAN CLASSROOM
Authors: Retnowati Nanik
Published: December 2020

Indonesian government has just made great changes in its national curriculum. One of its changes is the emphasis on character building. For Indonesian teachers, this new policy is quite a challenge. In previous curriculum, character building was treated as a hidden curriculum and not explicitly part of scoring system. The new curriculum explicitly states the characters which must be developed by teachers.  Finding the basis to perform teaching process to achieve the improvement of language knowledge, skills and characters is indeed needed.  An action research was then conducted. In one cycle, the research proved that the implementation of actions  integrating character building into teaching and learning process could significantly improve not only students’ attitude but also their knowledge and skill on expressing things happening in English.  It means that teachers can work on the three important aspects; namely attitude, knowledge and skill together. In other words, teachers could kill two birds with one stone.
WHATSAPP MEDIA IN ONLINE LEARNING DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Suriyani Djamdjuri Dewi , Kamilah Atiyatul
Published: December 2020

Since early of 2020 the world has been hit by a virus called the corona virus which was originated from the city of Wuhan, China. Corona virus is a microorganism that causes respiratory problems starting from mild to severe symptoms, the incubation or quarantine period is between 6 to 14 days. All activities are stopped, one of which is the Educational Institution. Schools cannot be implemented face-to-face, but schools must continue to run. Therefore, the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia through Permendikbud No. 4 of 2020 provides a policy on a series of learning in an emergency situation of the spread of Covid-19, namely distance learning (PJJ) or online learning. Online learning using WhatsApp or the Learning Management System (LMS) media are almost used by teachers and students. This study uses a qualitative method to determine which platforms / media are easily accessible for online learning. The result shows that WhatsApp media is very easy to use in online learning during the pandemic-19. There is 75 % of the respondents use WhatsApp as learning media and only 25 % use LMS. In otherwise, some teachers also stated that online learning felt less effective because of internet signals and data.
Radioactivity of Bottled Water from Trade Network in Kyiv
Authors: Buzynnyi M. , Mykhailova L.
Published: December 2020

In 2018-2019, we examined the radioactivity of 40 samples of bottled water of popular brands produced both in Ukraine and abroad, which were purchased in one Kyiv supermarket. The first stage of the study provided for the identification of total alpha and total beta activities. In the case of excessing their regulated values, we proceeded to the determination of the content of radium-226 and natural mixture of uranium isotopes. The study results evidenced that total alpha and total beta activities of low mineralization water do not exceed the regulated values. Total alpha activity exceeded the regulated value of 0.1 Bq/l ten times in specific cases and total beta-activity exceeded the value of 1.0 Bq/l almost three times for the majority of high mineralization water brands.

The results of measuring total alpha and total beta activities depending on time elapsed from the moment the sample was prepared to the start of the measurements showed an increase in the alpha activity over time is typical for individual water samples, which indicates the accumulation of radioactivity from radium-226 decay products. However, the results of measuring the activity of radium-226 and a natural mixture of uranium isotopes did not reveal cases of exceeding regulated levels, which allows considering water of all brands suitable in terms of radionuclide content.

Assessment of radiation doses from consumption of bottled water containing the measured values of radium-226 and natural mixture of uranium isotopes did not reveal exceeding regulated value of 0.1 mSv/year. Only one bottled water brand was an exception, since the estimated radiation dose for it was 0.2 mSv/year for the category of children aged 12 to 17 years with 98 % of its value due to radium-226. Such a radiation dose value was received assuming an annual consumption of 1.5 liters per day.
The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Environment
Authors: Firmalasari Benita Kristi , Rasyidah Resa
Published: December 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the environment. The enormous need for personal protective equipment (PPE) masks (both medical and non-medical masks), protective clothing, face shields, gloves to hand sanitizers and disinfectants has resulted in the accumulation of medical waste in some regions in Indonesia. This paper aims to describe the environmental diplomacy and international cooperation efforts undertaken by the Indonesian government to address these problems. The author finds that Indonesia's environmental diplomacy was carried out before the pandemic occurred, but not much has focused on medical waste management. International cooperation to overcome the problem of medical waste accumulation has been carried out with some countries such as Japan, ASEAN and also WHO. Of course, considering that this pandemic is still ongoing, it is hoped that this paper can be the start of research and can be used as a stepping stone for further research.
O wizerunku public relations w polskim społeczeństwie
Authors: Olędzki Jerzy
Published: December 2020

Artykuł analizuje obecne opinie dorosłych mieszkańców Polski na temat wizerunku public relations. Refleksje są oparte na wynikach badań ogólnopolskich przeprowadzonych z inicjatywy autora przez GfK Polonia w marcu 2014 roku. Rezultaty ostatniego sondażu zostały porównane z podobnymi badaniami przeprowadzonymi tą samą metodą w 2005 roku. Autor wskazuje na pogarszanie się w ostatniej dekadzie wizerunku PR w polskim społeczeństwie i wymienia przyczyny kojarzenia public relations przede wszystkim z mało etycznymi technikami promocyjno-reklamowymi i propagandą.
The perception of Ukrainian identity during Euromaidan in Polish opinion-making press
Authors: Tkachenko Olha
Published: December 2020

The article presents the image of Ukraine created by the most popular Polish opinion-making weeklies: “Polityka”, “Wprost”, “Newsweek Polska”, “wSieci” and “Gość Niedzielny”. The goal of the analysis is to demonstrate the ways in which various socio-political processes and transformations back in 2014 were perceived outside Ukraine.
Evaluation of MMP-9 and iNOS expressions in sheep with encephalitic listeriosis
Authors: KARAKURT Emin , BÜYÜK Fatih , BEYTUT Enver , DAĞ Serpil , ÇELEBİ Özgür , AKÇA Doğan , NUHOĞLU Hilmi , ÇELİK Elif , YILDIZ Ayfer
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to correlate Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and iNOS expressions with the severity of histopathological findings in tissue samples taken from sheep with encephalitic listeriosis. Thus, the role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of the disease can be elucidated. After systemic necropsy, tissue samples of adult sheeps with meningoencephalitis were investigated by the culture, histopathological and immunohistochemical methods in the presence of Listeria spp. isolation from tissues was performed in accordance with the USDA-FSIS method with some modifications. Tissue samples were fixed in a 10% buffered formaldehyde solution. Following routine procedures, tissue sections at 5 μm were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, investigated under light microscope and photographed. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on the tissues using the avidin-biotin immune peroxidase complex method. Listeria spp. were obtained in 20 (83.3%) of 24 tissue samples with the presence of bright grey-black centred smooth colonies on Listeria Selective Agar and identified as Listeria monocytogenes through the phenotypically supportive tests. Liquefaction necrosis, purulent meningoencephalitis, perivascular cuffing, microabscesses and glial nodules were the most important histopathological findings. MMP-9 immunpositive reactions were observed in the cytoplasm of microglial cells and neurons in areas where inflammatory and necrotic areas are concentrated in medulla oblongata and pons. In perivascular cuffing areas, immune reactions in endothelial cells were detected. We detected iNOS positive reactions in the medulla oblangata and pons, especially in inflammatory cells in the microabscesses. Consequently, a positive correlation (p < 0.05) was found between MMP-9 expression and the severity of histopathological findings in sheep with encephalitic listeriosis. expression. In addition, we found that iNOS expression increased in parallel with the increase in MMP-9
Evaluation of Hearing Status in Pre and Postoperative Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy with Type III Tympanoplasty with or without Cartilage Augmentation
Authors: Hanif Mohammad , Alam Md Zahedul , Tarafder Kamrul Hassan , Haque Md Rojibul , Arafat Mohammad Shaharior , Rahman Mohammad Mostafizur
Published: December 2020

Objective: To evaluate Hearing Status in Pre and Post-operative Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy with Type III Tympanoplasty with or without cartilage augmentation.
Methods: This was a prospective study, done in Otolaryngology & Head Neck Surgery department of Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital(SSMCMH) and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University(BSMMU) , Dhaka, Bangladesh. 1stJuly to 31st December, 2012. Forty patients were studied in this series.
Results: The results concluded that mean pre and post-operative air bone gap were 38.5 dB and 29.69 dB respectively with a net gain of 8.81 dB in Canal wall down mastoidectomy with cartilage augmented Tympanoplasty type III which is statistically significant. The postoperative PTA-ABG ranged from 25-36 dB , the ABG closure was 11-15 dB in 40% case. Whereas mean pre and post-operative air bone gap were 37.19 dB and 34.19 dB respectively with a net gain of 3 dB in Canal wall down mastoidectomy without cartilage augmented Tympanoplasty type III which is statistically insignificant. The post-operative PTA-ABG ranged from 26.25-41.75 dB, the ABG closure was 0-5 dB in 35% case.
Conclusion: Hearing results after cartilage augmentation in type iii Tympanoplasty showed improvement at individual and mean post-operative PTA-ABG and also improvement in ABG closure suggesting thin cartilage disc increased the effective vibrating area of tympanic membrane graft.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2020; 26(2): 86-94
Evaluation of Hypoparathyroidism following Total Thyroidectomy
Authors: Haque Md Nazmul , Khan Saif Rahman , Akhter Moshammat Fatima , Bhuiyan Mohammad Ashequr Rahman , Sarker Mohammad Zakaria , Sakik Mahmudul Amin
Published: December 2020

The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is damage to the glands during thyroid surgery. Parathyroid gland preservation during thyroidectomy is not only desirable, but essential for the effective management of surgical diseases of the thyroid gland
Objective: To find out the incidence rate of hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy.
Methods: Study Period: 2 years from Jan 2017 to December 2018
Place of Study : National Institute of ENT, Tejgaon, Dhaka
Study Design: Prospective Observational Study
Sample size: 107
Sampling Technique: Convenient Sampling technique
Results: Among the 107 cases 39 cases were malignant comprising 36.45% of the cases. toxic multinodular goitre were 6 cases among 107 cases (5.6%) and rest 62 cases were benign multinodular goitre with or without cystic change and follicular adenomas (57.94 %). 29 cases out of 39 malignant cases were papillary carcinoma of thyroid (74.36% of malignant lesions), 2 cases of medullary Ca thyroid (5.12 % of malignant lesions) rest 8 were follicular carcinoma (20.51% of malignant lesions). 26 out of 107 (24.30%) cases suffered from postoperative hypocalcaemic tetany within 1st-5th POD. Their parathyroid hormones were significantly reduced and serum calcium were also reduced and they required calcium supplementation. In 5 (4.67%) cases there was no sign and symptoms of tetany but their serum parathormone levels were little below normal level but serum calcium levels were normal and therefore no calcium supplementation were given. The rest 76 (71.03%) cases did not show any sign or symptoms of tetany and did not require calcium supplementation. Among the patients who suffered from tetany majority were cases of Carcinoma of thyroid (18 out of 26 patients of hypoparathyroidism) 69.23%, however lateral neck dissection did not seem to affect decline in parathyroid function as 10 out of 18 patients with thyroid malignancy who suffered from postoperative tetany undergone level II to level V neck dissection in addition to total thyroidectomy.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2020; 26(2): 116-120
A Comparative Study of Coblation versus Dissection Tonsillectomy
Authors: Lodh Dipankar , Awual SM Abdul , Mondol Md Tawhidul Islam , Islam Md Shahriar , Islam Mohammad Nazrul , Rashid Harunur
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of coblation tonsillectomy and dissection tonsillectomy regarding the duration of surgery, amount of intraoperative bleeding, postoperative pain, recovery time and complications.
Methods: 50 patients aged 5-30 years with chronic tonsillitis who underwent tonsillectomy operation were randomly divided into two groups. One group underwent coblation tonsillectomy while other group with dissection tonsillectomy. Chronic tonsillitis patients with adenoid hypertrophy and Otitis media with effusion were excluded by diagnostic nasal endoscopy, imaging and audiometry. All patient were examined regularly after surgery for 10 days to assess the postoperative morbidity and efficacy of both coblation and dissection methods. Duration of surgery, amount of intraoperative bleeding, recovery time, postoperative pain& requirement of analgesics, time required to regain normal diet & activityand complication were assessed.
Result: Comparing the coblation tonsillectomy to cold dissection group the mean duration of surgery was 9.7 versus 18.4 minutes, the amount of intra operative bleeding 10.62 versus 28.72 milliliter. The difference on the postoperative pain scale, requirement of analgesics, condition of the tonsillar fossa, time required to regain normal diet & activity between two groups were statistically significant.
Conclusion: In our study patient underwent coblation tonsillectomy providing a near bloodless field, minimum operating time, less postoperative pain, quicker return to normal diet, normal activity and less use of analgesics than patients underwent dissection tonsillectomy. Postoperative morbidity and complications were lower as compared to conventional cold dissection technique.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2020; 26(2): 121-127
Role of Sampling Neck Dissection in Early Oral Tongue Carcinoma
Authors: Ali Md Shoukat , Alam SM Masudul , Alam Md Mahbubul , Sattar Md Abdus , Uddin Md Mosleh , Siddiquee Belayat Hossain
Published: December 2020

Background: Carcinoma of oral tongue has a great potential for metastatic spread to neck nodes, which may not be clinically detected in early stage. To detect frequency of occult neck metastasis in clinically No patients with early oral tongue carcinoma (stage I & II) the study has done.
Methods: It was a 2 years cross sectional study among fifty patients in three tertiary care hospitals of Dhaka from 2016 to 2018.
Results: Majority of the patients were male (M:F=3:2) with age ranged 25 to 80 years. Among these patients 38(76%) were in T1 and remaining 12(24%) in T2 stage. Tongue ulceration was most common(84%) presenting feature followed by dysphagia(64%) and pain(52%).Only 32(64%) patients revealed no histopathological proved metastasis(true N0). Occult nodal metastasis was significantly common(83.33%) among male patients than females(p<0.01) and also common(72.22%) among < 50 years age group(p<0.01).Sampling node positive was significantly more(66.67%) in T2 stage(p<0.01).
Conclusion: Regarding clinical, radiological and histopathological stages and stage migration of early carcinoma in oral tongue this study revealed significant differentiation among these methods. This study implies sampling neck dissection of sentinel neck nodes in early oral tongue carcinoma for management.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2020; 26(2): 147-152
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma of the Parotid Gland
Authors: Matin MA , Harun Md Abdullah Al , Islam Mohammad Saiful , Uddin AKM Shaif , Sabur MA
Published: December 2020

Mesenchymal Chondrosarcomas of the parotid are extremely rare tumours. They are broadly classified under extra skeletal form of mesenchymal chondrosarcomas and account for less than 1% of all sarcomas. It is characterized by a multinodular architecture, abundant myxoid matrix, and malignant chondroblast like cells arranged in cords. The tumor is an entity from chondrosarcomas of bones, commonly found in the soft tissues of the lower extremities at 80%. There are very limited reports of this tumor in the head and neck, especially in the parotid gland. We report a rare case of a parotid mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a 55 years old man and discuss the pathogenesis, clinical presentation and management of such a rare tumour
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2020; 26(2): 158-160
Taxonomic notes on Nelumbo Adans. with a new cultivar ‘Gomoti’ from Bangladesh
Authors: Hassan Md Abul , Alfasane Md Almujaddade , Uddin Mohammad Zashim
Published: December 2020

Living specimens of three colour forms (pink, white and yellowish white) of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. were observed in different natural habitats of Bangladesh and collected. Fresh specimens were studied in the field as well as in the laboratory. After detailed study it was concluded that the three colour forms available in Bangladesh belong to the same species, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. However, the yellowish white colour form, having many stamens petaloid, is considered as a new cultivar Nelumbo nucifera ‘Gomoti’ and reported here as the first lotus cultivar from Bangladesh.

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 225-231, 2020 (December)
Agricultural product-derived carbon for energy, sensing, and environmental applications: A mini-review
Authors: Shah Syed Shaheen , Aziz Md Abdul
Published: December 2020

Carbon is one of the versatile materials used in modern life for human welfare. It has a wide range of applications such as drug delivery, coatings, energy generation and storage, gas separation, water purification, sensor fabrication, and catalysis. Most of the widely used carbon materials are graphene and carbon nanotubes. Nonrenewable precursors (e.g., natural gas), toxic chemicals, and complex synthesis methods are often required for their preparation, limiting their wide practical applications. Besides these, biomass-derived carbons are attractive materials as they can be prepared simply from renewable biomass. However, their practical applications' success partially depends on their properties like size, shape, porosity, and presence of heteroatoms, which can be controlled by selecting the proper type of biomass, activating agent, and preparation method. It is noted that different species of plants have different chemical compositions and textures. This mini-review summarizes our group's recent sophisticated developments in agricultural-bio-waste-derived carbonaceous materials, including nanomaterials for electrocatalytic water splitting, electrochemical sensors, supercapacitors, water splitting, water treatment, gas separation, and enhance oil recovery. This offers valuable insights and essential guidelines towards the future design of agro-waste derived carbonaceous materials in various applications.

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 467-478, 2020 (December)
ERGONOMİK AÇIDAN MEKÂN DENEYİMİ/ARKİTEKTONİĞİ: KARABÜK BEBEK KÜTÜPHANESİ VE ANKARA ALİ DAYI ÇOCUK KÜTÜPHANESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ARAT Yavuz , PARLAK Sema
Published: December 2020

Kitaplar bir toplumun gelişmişlik düzeyi olarak
gösterilir. Kütüphaneler, kitap okumak, bilgi edinmek için
gidilen tekil işlevli mekânlar yerine artık sosyal mekânlar olarak dönüşmeye
başlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda kütüphanelerin, birçok işlevi de içerebilecek
şekilde bütünleyici bir kompleks olarak çalışması, örneğin ders çalışma, grup
çalışması, beceri geliştirme gibi eylemler için imkân tanıması istenmektedir. Günümüzde teknolojinin de
ilerlemesiyle kütüphanelerin sunduğu olanakların artması kullanıcı
çeşitliliğini de ortaya çıkarmıştır.  Bu
çeşitlilik içerisinde çoklu çalışma sistemi ya da aile olarak kütüphaneyi
kullanma eylemi gelmektedir. Özellikle anne ve babalar çocukları ile daha
kaliteli vakit geçirebilmek için günümüzde kütüphanelere birlikte gitmektedir.
Çocuk, anne ve babasıyla vakit geçirmesinin yanı sıra arkadaş edinme, birlikte
kavrama, geliştirme gibi alışkanlıklar kazanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda oluşturulan
çocuk ve bebek kütüphaneleri, kullanıcıları direkt çocuklar ve bebeklere
özgü-yönelik mekânlardan oluşmasından, onlara yönelik basılı ve dijital materyal
bulundurmasından dolayı ilgi çekicidir. Yetişkin kütüphanelerinden farklı
olarak, içerisinde oyun tabanlı mekânlarla desteklenerek çocuk kütüphaneleri
için üretilen mobilya ve sosyal alanlar, bebek ve çocuk ölçeğine dikkat
edilerek tasarlanması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ülkemizde günümüzde
kullanılan ya da henüz kullanılmaya başlanılan bebek ve çocuk kütüphanelerinin
ilkleri olan Karabük Bebek Kütüphanesi ve Ali Dayı Çocuk Kütüphanesi’nin mekân
ve donatı olarak ergonomik açıdan kullanıcısına uygunluğunun deneyimlenmesi
olacaktır. Çalışma sonucunda çalışma alanı olarak seçilen bebek ve çocuk
kütüphaneleri işlevine özgü nitelikte yapılmadığı için bebek ve çocukların
karşılaştığı sorunlar gözleme ve ölçüme dayalı analiz tablolarında
belirtilmiştir.
Estudo sobre a relação do ambiente alimentar com o comportamento de compra
Authors: Pereira Karen Cristina de Andrade , Scalco Andréa Rossi , Lourenzani Ana Elisa Bressan Smith
Published: December 2020

A má nutrição é um grande desafio a ser enfrentado no mundo, tanto em países de alta, média e baixa renda. A nutrição é influenciada pelos sistemas alimentares que são responsáveis pela produção, transformação, distribuição, preparação e consumo de alimentos. No entanto, nem sempre os sistemas alimentares proporcionam uma dieta segura e de alta qualidade para todos. Além disso, tais dietas são influenciadas pelos ambientes alimentares, que dizem respeito às fontes alimentares disponíveis para os consumidores. Os ambientes alimentares podem influenciar as escolhas alimentares, uma vez que são esses ambientes que disponibilizam os alimentos ao consumidor. Diante desse contexto, o trabalho teve como objetivo explanar sobre a relação do ambiente alimentar com o comportamento de compra. Para responder tal objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa, em que o procedimento metodológico utilizado foi a pesquisa bibliográfica. Por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica, constatou-se que o ambiente alimentar e o comportamento de consumo são componentes que constituem os sistemas alimentares. Esses, por sua vez, correspondem às fontes alimentares disponíveis e que influenciam as pessoas na tomada de decisão de compra. Portanto, mesmo que o indivíduo apresente preferências individuais no processo de escolha de alimentos, o ambiente alimentar moldará seu comportamento de consumo.