bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value of breast MRI for patients with a biopsy showing atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)
Authors: Tsuchiya Keiko , Mori Naoko , Schacht David V. , Sheth Deepa , Karczmar Gregory S. , Newstead Gillian M. , Abe Hiroyuki
Published: March 2017

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic value of dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for patients with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) in predicting malignant upgrade.

Materials and Methods

3T DCE‐MRI was performed for 17 patients with ADH (median age 52, range 42–76) proven by stereotactic biopsy (n = 15), and ultrasound‐guided biopsy (n = 2) from January 2011 to April 2015. All patients underwent surgical excision after the MRI. Two radiologists prospectively reviewed the MRI to determine the presence or absence of suspicious findings at the site of biopsy, and evaluated the MR features of any lesion present according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) lexicon. MRI findings and clinical information were correlated with the final surgical pathology by multivariate analysis.

Results

Nine of 17 lesions were upgraded to malignancy. MRI demonstrated suspicious nonmass enhancement (NME) at the site of biopsy in all upgraded patients. The median size was 19.5 mm (range, 9–44 mm). In the eight patients without upgrade, no enhancement (n = 2), linear enhancement along the biopsy track (n = 4), thin rim enhancement around hematoma (n = 1), and a focal NME (n = 1) were seen. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of MRI findings were 100, 87.5, 90, and 100%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of suspicious enhancement on MRI was the most significant predictor of upgrade to malignancy (P = 0.0006)

Conclusion

Our study revealed a high NPV of DCE‐MRI for patients with ADH in terms of malignant upgrade at subsequent surgery. This suggests that patients with ADH without suspicious enhancement on DCE‐MRI might be followed with DCE‐MRI rather than undergoing surgical excision.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1738–1747.
Two‐port network approach for a wireless power transfer link using a cascade of inductively coupled resonators
Authors: Monti G. , Tarricone L. , Mongiardo M.
Published: March 2017

A wireless power transmission link consisting of a transmitting and a receiving resonator wirelessly connected by means of N relay resonators is investigated, and a 2‐port network approach is proposed. The presented approach exploits the properties of periodic networks to derive useful closed‐form formulas that can be used to match the wireless energy link with respect to generic reference impedances.
Structural analysis and enhanced production of fusaricidin from Paenibacillus kribbensis CU01 isolated from yellow loess
Authors: Ryu Jaewon , Kim Jong M. , Lee Chul W. , Kim Si W.
Published: March 2017

A bacterial strain showing strong antifungal activity was isolated from yellow loess and was identified as Paenibacillus kribbensis CU01. Insoluble mucoidal polymers were separated from M9 culture medium via low‐speed centrifugation. Most antifungal activity was associated with substances in the insoluble precipitate, which was purified by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Purified fractions were analyzed using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Two major ion peaks with mass‐to‐charge ratio values (m/z) at 883.6 and 897.6 were revealed. After alkaline hydrolysis and sequence analysis, two cyclic depsipeptides were identified as, fusaricidin A and fusaricidin B. Their production was significantly increased by the addition of glucose, Fe2+, and Mn2+ to M9 medium. Maximum concentrations of produced fusaricidin A and fusaricidin B at flask‐scale comprised 460 mg L−1 and 118 mg L−1, respectively: the highest production concentrations yet reported in the literature. This demonstrates that P. kribbensis CU01 has enormous commercial potential for the mass production of fusaricidin.
Flexible and powerful strategy for qualitative and quantitative analysis of valepotriates in Valeriana jatamansi Jones using high‐performance liquid chromatography with linear ion trap Orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Chunguo , Zheng Zhiquan , Deng Xinqi , Ma Xiaojie , Wang Shengnan , Liu Jie , Liu Yong , Shi Jinli
Published: March 2017

Valeriana jatamansi Jones is an important medicinal plant and its quality is closely related to its region of origin. In the current study, we utilized a flexible and powerful strategy for comprehensive evaluation of the quality diversity for 15 regions in China. The method was based on a hybrid linear ion trap‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry platform. For structure characterization, fragmentation patterns were detected by analyzing a series of standard compounds using data dependent multistage mass spectrometry acquisition. A fragment ion database for valepotriates was established, and the acquired data were high throughput filtered by fragment ion search for compound identification. For quantitative purposes, we normalized the mass spectrometry data of 15 samples using SIEVE 2.0 and the differences in composition were analyzed using principal component analysis combined with hierarchical clustering analysis. The results identified a total of 92 compounds from Valeriana jatamansi Jones. Samples from Dali, Kunming, and Baoshan have better qualities and concentrations of the main active constituents. To verify our strategy, we compared the valtrate, acevaltrate, and baldrinal contents using high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. We developed and validated a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analytical method to achieve quality control of Valeriana jatamansi Jones.
The role of antibiotics in pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Brook Itzhak
Published: March 2017

Objectives

Presenting the role of antibiotics in pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis based on its pathophysiology and microbiology.

Data source

Review of the literature searching PubMed for microbiology and treatment of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis.

Results

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory condition of the paranasal sinuses that persists for 12 weeks or longer, despite medical management. The microbiology of rhinosinusitis evolves through several stages. The early phase (acute) is generally caused by a virus that may be followed by an aerobic bacterial infection in 2% to 10% of patients. Aerobic (Staphylococcus aureus) and anaerobic (Prevotella and Fusobacteria) members of the oral flora emerge as predominant sinus cavity isolates. Antimicrobials are one component of comprehensive medical and surgical management for this disorder. Because most of these infections are polymicrobial and many include beta‐lactamase producing aerobic and anaerobic organisms, amoxicillin‐clavulanate is the first‐line regimen for most patients. Clindamycin is adequate for penicillin‐allergic children and is also generally appropriate for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus treatment is administered for at least three weeks and may be extended for up to 10 weeks in refractory cases. A culture preferably from the sinus cavity should be obtained from individuals who have not shown improvement or deteriorated despite therapy.

Conclusions

Antimicrobial therapy of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis should be adequate against the potential aerobic and anaerobic pathogens.

Level of Evidence

7.
A study of otolaryngology resident quality of life and sleepiness
Authors: Garcia‐Rodriguez Laura R. , Sanchez Dominique L. , Ko Alvin B. , Williams Amy M. , Peterson Ed , Yaremchuk Kathleen L.
Published: March 2017

Objectives

This study aimed to determine otolaryngology residents' quality of life and sleepiness.

Methods

An electronic survey was distributed to otolaryngology residents in the United States in October 2014 and May 2015. The survey included questions from the Physician Well‐Being Index (PWBI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Data were analyzed using standard descriptive and frequency analyses, Spearman correlations, and Student's t‐test.

Results

The 196 respondents (13% response rate) had a mean age of 29.9 years and worked an average of 70.88 hours/week. Higher PWBI score (lower quality of life) correlated with higher ESS (more sleepiness) for all respondents regardless of rotation (Spearman coefficient of .45; p = .001). PWBI scores were higher for head/neck oncology. Both PWBI and ESS scores were highest for postgraduate year two. PWBI showed a significant positive correlation with hours worked (correlation coefficient .35; p = .001) as well as a significant negative correlation with exercise time (correlation coefficient ‐.18; p = .010). There was a positive correlation between hours worked and ESS (correlation coefficient .48; p = .001).

Conclusion

For the otolaryngology survey respondents, sleepiness and overall well‐being were better during the first year with a dramatic worsening during junior years followed by an improvement in the senior years. More work hours and poor quality of life was associated with less physically active residents. Focused interventions during these rotations may reduce distress, improve quality of life, and enhance learning.

Level of Evidence

NA
Avoidance of postoperative irradiation for cervical lymph node metastases of human papillomavirus‐related tonsillar cancer
Authors: Ebisumoto Koji , Okami Kenji , Maki Daisuke , Saito Kosuke , Shimizu Fukuko , Teramura Takanobu , Kaneda Shoji , Iida Masahiro
Published: March 2017

Background

Several reports have suggested that selected patients with human papillomavirus‐related oropharyngeal cancer can be managed with surgery alone. We retrospectively reviewed tonsillar cancer cases to analyze treatment de‐intensification after transoral resection.

Methods

Eighteen patients with tonsillar cancer who had undergone transoral resection were included. The patients' characteristics, p16 status, adverse features, clinical course, overall survival, and relapse‐free survival according to p16 status were retrospectively examined.

Results

Four lesions showed positive surgical margins and one lesion showed close surgical margin; these patients were treated with postoperative irradiation. Seven p16‐positive patients had multiple node metastases and two had extracapsular spread. No p16‐positive patients agreed to postoperative irradiation, and recurrence within the surgical field was not observed. The five‐year overall and relapse‐free survival rates were 89% and 74%, respectively. The five‐year relapse‐free survival rates of p16‐positive and p16‐negative patients were 81% and 50%, respectively (p = .075).

Conclusions

Postoperative irradiation for cervical lymph node metastases might be avoidable in selected patients with human papillomavirus‐related tonsillar cancer.

Level of Evidence

4.
Dark plasmonic modes in diatomic gratings for plasmoelectronics
Authors: Lan Shoufeng , Rodrigues Sean P. , Taghinejad Mohammad , Cai Wenshan
Published: March 2017

Owing to the unique ability of nanostructured metals to confine and enhance light waves along metal‐dielectric interfaces, plasmonics has enabled unprecedented flexibility in manipulating light at the deep‐subwavelength scale. With regard to the spectral behavior of plasmonic resonances, the spectral location of a resonance can be tailored with relative ease while the control over the spectral linewidth represents a more daunting task. In this paper, we present sharp resonance features by introducing dark plasmonic modes in diatomic gratings. The induced asymmetry in the metallic structure facilitates the generation of a dark mode with significantly suppressed radiative loss leading to an ultra‐sharp spectral feature ∼5 nm wide. We further use this metallic structure as an optoelectronic platform for the transduction of light waves to electrical signals via a plasmoelectric effect. The light concentrating ability of dark plasmonic modes, in conjunction with the ultra‐sharp resonance feature at a relatively low loss offers a novel route to enhanced light‐matter interactions with high spectral sensitivity for diverse applications.

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Ferrofluid lubrication of finite journal bearings using Jenkins model
Authors: Laghrabli Salem , El Khlifi Mohamed , Nabhani Mohamed , Bou‐Saïd Benyebka
Published: March 2017

The present study investigates hydrodynamic lubrication by ferrofluids of finite journal bearings using the Jenkins model. A magnetic field created by displaced finite wire is used. A numerical solution for the modified Reynolds equation using the finite difference method is obtained. Static characteristics of finite journal bearings are analyzed using 2 control parameters: magnetic force coefficient and Jenkins viscosity. The obtained results are compared to those from Neurenger‐Rosensweig model. It is shown that pressure, load capacity, attitude angle, and side leakage increase and friction factor decreases when increasing the value of each control parameter at low and medium eccentricity ratios. However, the Jenkins viscosity parameter decreases the load capacity and increases the friction factor at high eccentricity ratios.
Facile Preparation of Photocurable Siloxane Composite for 3D Printing
Authors: Palaganas Jerome , de Leon Al Christopher , Mangadlao Joey , Palaganas Napolabel , Mael Andrea , Lee Yan Jie , Lai Hor Yian , Advincula Rigoberto
Published: March 2017

This study presents the development and successful 3D printing of siloxane composite. Complex structures are 3D printed using vector‐scanning stereolithography apparatus. Siloxane oligomer and a commercial resin in the presence of an appropriate photoinitiator combine to form a hybrid material that photopolymerizes when exposed to UV laser at 405 nm wavelength. Measurements with differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, universal testing machine (UTM), and material testing system (MTS) reveal various properties of methacrylate resin filled with different concentrations of siloxane. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy results reveal molecular structural change due to chemical reaction with the siloxane introduction. Atomic force microscopy imaging displays the surface morphology characteristics of the hybrid polymer while the contact angle confirms the surface energy existing on the samples. The 3D‐printed structures show unique physicochemical and thermomechanical properties that can lead to great potential for new applications in the field. This work is the first comprehensive study on 3D printing using siloxane through stereolithography.

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Quantitative susceptibility mapping‐based cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen mapping with minimum local variance
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Cho Junghun , Zhou Dong , Nguyen Thanh D. , Spincemaille Pascal , Gupta Ajay , Wang Yi
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of a cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) mapping method based on its minimum local variance (MLV) without vascular challenge using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and cerebral blood flow (CBF).

Methods

Three‐dimensional multi‐echo gradient echo imaging and arterial spin labeling were performed in 11 healthy subjects to calculate QSM and CBF. Minimum local variance was used to compute whole‐brain CMRO2 map from QSM and CBF. The MLV method was compared with a reference method using the caffeine challenge. Their agreement within the cortical gray matter (CGM) was assessed on CMRO2 and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) maps at both baseline and challenge states.

Results

Mean CMRO2 (in µmol/100 g/min) obtained in CGM using the caffeine challenge and MLV were 142 ± 16.5 and 139 ± 14.8 µmol/100 g/min, respectively; the corresponding baseline OEF were 33.0 ± 4.0% and 31.8 ± 3.2%, respectively. The MLV and caffeine challenge methods showed no statistically significant differences across subjects with small ( < 4%) biases in CMRO2 and OEF values.

Conclusions

Minimum local variance–based CMRO2 mapping without vascular challenge using QSM and arterial spin labeling is feasible in healthy subjects. Magn Reson Med 79:172–179, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Overload management with regard to fairness in session initiation protocol networks by holonic multiagent systems
Authors: Khazaei Mehdi , Mozayani Nasser
Published: March 2017

Session initiation protocol (SIP) is a widely used standard protocol for multimedia applications and IP multimedia subsystems. Internet protocol multimedia subsystem was introduced by the 3GGP signaling foundation as part of a set of next generation network architectures. Despite having useful practical features, SIP does not have suitable mechanisms to handle overload. This challenge creates a sharp drop in quality of service for next generation network users. Because a distributed SIP network is a complex system composed of subsystems interacting with one another, multiagent system is an appropriate method to model network interactions and to solve overload in SIP networks. In this paper, holonic organization is applied to reduce the multiagent system complexity in modeling a large SIP network. Holonic organization is a hierarchical structure in which each holon covers a geographical area of the SIP network at the first level. At the second level, upper‐level holons control the first‐level holons, and so on. Overload control is achieved by communication and the exchange of knowledge between the intelligent holons. Experimental results show that the proposed method prevents overload in the SIP network. The method also increases total throughput, reduces delay, and considers fairness in the SIP network.
Pharmacokinetics of two 6‐mercaptopurine liquid formulations in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Tolbert Jaszianne A. , Bai Shasha , Abdel‐Rahman Susan M. , August Keith J. , Weir Scott J. , Kearns Gregory L. , Neville Kathleen A.
Published: March 2017

Background

A liquid formulation of 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (Purixan®) based on bioavailability (BA) data from healthy adults. We examined the pharmacokinetics (PK) and BA of 6‐MP in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) comparing a marketed tablet, two extemporaneously prepared liquid formulations, and data from the approved liquid formulation.

Methods

Twenty‐two children (6–17 years) participated in a randomized two‐way, crossover study of two cohorts. Group 1 (n = 11; five males) received a 5 mg/ml liquid formulation and the marketed 50 mg 6‐MP tablet on separate occasions, and Group 2 (n = 11; five males) received a 50 mg/ml liquid formulation and the marketed tablet. The usual prescribed 6‐MP dose (25–115 mg/m2) was given after an 8‐hr fast. Serial blood samples were collected over 8 hr postdose. Plasma 6‐MP concentrations were determined using a good laboratory practice (GLP)‐validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. PK parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis and compared within and between cohorts, and thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) genotype was analyzed.

Results

No patient had a TPMT genotype reflective of a poor metabolizer phenotype. Comparison of PK parameters between 5 and 50 mg/ml treatments revealed significant differences (P <0.05) in AUCN (where AUC is area under the curve), CmaxN, and Tmax. Comparisons within each group revealed significant differences in AUC0‐∞ and Tmax in the 5 mg/ml group.

Conclusions

Pharmacokinetic profiles of 6‐MP established in healthy adults with the approved liquid formulation may not reflect the PK profile in children with ALL. Formulation‐specific differences in PK may significantly impact the dose–exposure profile in these children and must be considered.
Impact of surfactant on the pore and particle sizes of copolymer (2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid/acrylamide) nanohydrogels for controlled release of 5‐fluorouracil
Authors: Awadallah‐F Ahmed , Abd El‐Wahab Soad Y. , Al‐Shafey H.I.
Published: March 2017

Nanohydrogels were prepared from copolymerization of acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and acrylamide (AAm) in presence of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). The direct ionizing radiation of γ‐rays was used to initiate the copolymerization reaction. The different concentrations of SLS, variable irradiation doses, a fixed total monomer concentration, and comonomer composition were used. The features of nanohydrogel were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, thermal gravimetric analysis, and BET surface area analysis of porosity. The results confirmed the structure formation of copoly(AMPS/AAm) nanohydrogels. The SLS concentration affects clearly the pore characteristics and nanoparticle sizes. The nanoparticle and pore size distributions referred to that the pores and nanoparticle formed in wide range of nanoscale. The surface area and pore volume depended basically on the SLS concentration. The gel fraction of nanohydrogels ranged from (98 ± 2.3) to (100 ± 1.5)%. The nanohydrogels were used in in vitro release of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) at different simulated fluids. The release profile showed a prolonged release of 5‐FU at two different simulated fluids of pHs of 1.2 for simulated gastric fluid and 7.4 for simulated intestinal fluid. The study demonstrated that copoly(AMPS/AAm) nanohydrogel may serve as a promising material for the sustained release of 5‐FU in stomach and colon media. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:94–102, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
In‐line measurement of residence time distribution in melt extrusion via video analysis
Authors: Wahl P.R. , Hörl G. , Kaiser D. , Sacher S. , Rupp Ch. , Shlieout G. , Breitenbach J. , Koscher G. , Khinast J.G.
Published: March 2017

Residence time distribution (RTD) is an important factor in melt extrusion as it strongly influences the product quality. It can cause degradation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), which can be reduced by shorter mean residence times, and the content uniformity, which can be improved by broadening the RTD caused by axial mixing. In our study, we developed an inline video analysis that to date has mainly been applied offline. For extrusion, hydrophilic polymer and a surfactant were used as a molten matrix, in which an API was embedded. The video analysis consisted of four steps: (1) segmentation of the image to mask the strands, (2) calculation of average color values for the segmented pixels of each frame, (3) fitting of the obtained color curve with an analytical solution, and (4) calculating several RTD measures (e.g., the minimal and mean RT) for better comparison of the results. The RTD measures were responses in the design of experiments (DoE), which included the process parameters screw design, screw speed, and throughput. This analysis clearly showed that screw design had the strongest effect on the RTD measures. The results suggest that video analysis is a suitable tool for inline RTD measurements. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:170–179, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Oxygen Scavengers Based on Titanium Oxide Nanotubes for Packaging Applications
Authors: Tulsyan Gaurav , Richter Christiaan , Diaz Carlos A.
Published: March 2017

Oxygen scavengers are commonly used in packaged foods and other oxygen sensitive goods because of the advantages they offer in maintaining quality and extending shelf life. The performance of oxygen scavengers can be influenced by several conditions, such as ambient temperature and relative humidity. We recently studied oxygen scavenging at room temperature using titanium oxide nanotubes (TONT). Prior work showed that TONTs can have oxygen uptake rates of up to three orders of magnitude higher compared with commercially available iron‐based scavengers at room temperature. However, the effect of humidity was not established. This research investigates the potential of TONTs as oxygen scavengers in packaging applications such as modified atmosphere packaging as well as a colour indicator. As opposed to commercial scavengers that need water to be active, TONT performs at their best in dry conditions, making them a strong potential candidate for pharmaceutical and medical devices industries. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inside Incidental Word Learning: Children's Strategic Use of Morphological Information to Infer Word Meanings
Authors: McCutchen Deborah , Logan Becky
Published: March 2017

This study examined whether morphological analysis may be a mechanism underlying the relationship of morphological awareness to vocabulary and comprehension. Eighty‐eight fifth‐ and 74 eighth‐grade students completed a task designed to assess whether students use morphological analysis to infer meanings of low‐frequency, presumably unfamiliar, words. Students chose a definition from among three alternatives for low‐frequency, morphologically accessible words or approximate synonyms that were less morphologically accessible, both within the same sentence context. In addition, they chose definitions for 18 nonsense words that were also designed to afford differential access via morphological analysis. Students were more accurate with morphologically accessible items (words and nonwords) than less accessible items, suggesting that students can use morphological analysis to infer word meanings. Regression analyses indicated that skill in morphological analysis accounted for unique variance in vocabulary and comprehension for both age groups. These results have implications for theoretical accounts of how morphological awareness may support students’ vocabulary growth and comprehension.
Challenging Representations: Constructing the Adult Literacy Learner Over 30 Years of Policy and Practice in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hamilton Mary , Pitt Kathy
Published: March 2017

This article addresses the question, How do changes in policy discourses shape public representations of literacy learners and the goals of adult literacy education? It examines specifically how the agency of adult literacy learners is constructed. We carry out a critical discourse analysis of two key adult literacy policy documents from the U.K.: the manifesto A Right to Read (British Association of Settlements, ) and Skills for Life: The National Strategy for Improving Adult Literacy and Numeracy Skills (Department for Education and Skills, ). We describe the overall structure and genre of the documents and analyze the semiotic resources in the texts to explore the discursive shaping of adult literacy learners. Our analysis shows that, while a functional discourse of individual deficit is prominent throughout the texts, each document expresses it differently. A discourse of rights and participation in the earlier text changes to a discourse of social inclusion, conditional on duty and responsibility and narrowed to the sphere of paid employment. The profiles of individual learners are heavily framed by the dominant discourses of literacy and education that constitute the texts. We argue that the discursive shifts we trace in these national documents relate to wider changes in notions of social disadvantage, rights and citizenship, and the emergence of literacy as a key indicator of progress. Our analysis demonstrates the powerful ways in which policy documents articulate relationships between national and transnational literacies.
Toward a Theoretical Model of Text Complexity for the Early Grades: Learning From the Past, Anticipating the Future
Authors: Mesmer Heidi Anne , Cunningham James W. , Hiebert Elfrieda H.
Published: March 2017

In this conceptual essay, we offer rationales and evidence for critical components of a working model of text complexity for the early grades. In the first three sections of the article, we examine word‐level, syntax‐level, and discourse‐level features of text, posing questions for future research. In the fourth section, we address elements of text treatments—the collection of texts with which beginning readers will interact longitudinally over the course of their early literacy development. This conceptual essay produces a unified treatment of the complexities of early grade text through the introduction of a theoretical framework, assimilating the extant research into a theory of early grade text and delineating a theoretical and empirical strategy for transforming the framework into a mature model.
Biliteracy Among Children and Youths
Authors: Reyes Iliana
Published: March 2017

The dual purposes of this review are, first, to synthesize the extant research on biliteracy, focusing particularly on children and youths and, second, to clarify key terms and phenomena in this developing field. The review is organized into three areas of research: (1) individual biliteracy development, (2) biliteracy in family and community contexts, and (3) biliteracy in the classroom context. Contributions from these various areas offer multiple possibilities for describing children's −development and maintenance of biliteracy while taking into consideration the interdisciplinary and multifaceted nature of research in this area.
Combined Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy and One-Way Endobronchial Valve Placement in Patients with Pulmonary Emphysema: A Phase I Clinical Trial
Authors: de Oliveira Hugo Goulart , Cruz Fernanda Ferreira , Antunes Mariana Alves , Macedo Neto Amarilio Vieira , Oliveira Guilherme Augusto , Svartman Fabio Munhoz , Borgonovo Tamara , Rebelatto Carmen Lucia Kuniyoshi , Weiss Daniel J. , Brofman Paulo Roberto Slud , Morales Marcelo Marcos , Lapa e Silva José Roberto , Rocco Patricia Rieken Macedo
Published: March 2017

One-way endobronchial valves (EBV) insertion to reduce pulmonary air trapping has been used as therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, local inflammation may result and can contribute to worsening of clinical status in these patients. We hypothesized that combined EBV insertion and intrabronchial administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) would decrease the inflammatory process, thus mitigating EBV complications in severe COPD patients. This initial study sought to investigate the safety of this approach. For this purpose, a phase I, prospective, patient-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled design was used. Heterogeneous advanced emphysema (Global Initiative for Chronic Lung Disease [GOLD] III or IV) patients randomly received either allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSCs (108 cells, EBV+MSC) or 0.9% saline solution (EBV) (n = 5 per group), bronchoscopically, just before insertion of one-way EBVs. Patients were evaluated 1, 7, 30, and 90 days after therapy. All patients completed the study protocol and 90-day follow-up. MSC delivery did not result in acute administration-related toxicity, serious adverse events, or death. No significant between-group differences were observed in overall number of adverse events, frequency of COPD exacerbations, or worsening of disease. Additionally, there were no significant differences in blood tests, lung function, or radiological outcomes. However, quality-of-life indicators were higher in EBV + MSC compared with EBV. EBV + MSC patients presented decreased levels of circulating C-reactive protein at 30 and 90 days, as well as BODE (Body mass index, airway Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise index) and MMRC (Modified Medical Research Council) scores. Thus, combined use of EBV and MSCs appears to be safe in patients with severe COPD, providing a basis for subsequent investigations using MSCs as concomitant therapy.
Determination of surface ζ‐potential and isoelectric point of carbon surfaces using tracer particle suspensions
Authors: Vasconcelos Joana M. , Zen Federico , Stamatin Serban N. , Behan James A. , Colavita Paula E.
Published: March 2017

Carbon materials are widely used in a range of applications from biomaterials to sensing and electronics. Many of these applications rely on the ability to control carbon/water interfacial properties, in particular, surface charge density. This work reports a study of the electrokinetic properties of amorphous carbon thin films as a function of pH and surface chemistry. Surface ζ‐potential (SZP) and isoelectric point were determined using the tracer particle method. Initially, the use of sulfonated and amine‐terminated latex bead suspensions as tracer particles for the determination of SZP of reference polymer surfaces was validated. The tracer particle method was then applied to the determination of SZP and isoelectric point of macroscopic carbon surfaces with different surface chemistry. Highly graphitic and sp3‐rich hydrogenated carbon surfaces were found to display negative SZP, as expected for hydrophobic surfaces. The isoelectric point of the most highly graphitic surface was found to be pHiso = 3.7. Surface oxidation of these films resulted in a decrease of SZP at all pH values and in a downshift of pHiso to values lower than 1.5, consistently with the presence of surface acidic groups arising from oxidation. Results indicate that the specific choice of acid/base chemistry for the tracer particles does not significantly affect either SZP or pHiso determinations. These results show that the tracer particle method in combination with widely available latex beads as tracers can be applied for the determination of carbon SZP as a function of pH. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ferromagnetic–Antiferromagnetic Coupling by Distortion of Fe/Mn Oxygen Octahedrons in (BiFeO3)m(La0.7Sr0.3MnO3)n Superlattices
Authors: Xiong Jie , Lei Tianyu , Chu Junwei , Yang Chao , Wei Jiake , Zhuo Mujin , Choi Eun‐Mi , Tao Bowan , Zhang Wanli , Wang Yongqiang , Li Yanrong
Published: March 2017

Interface enhanced magnetism attracts much attention due to its potential use in exploring novel structure devices. Nevertheless, the magnetic behavior at interfaces has not been quantitatively determined. In this study, abnormal magnetic moment reduction is observed in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO)/BiFeO3 (BFO) superlattices, which is induced by ferromagnetic (FM)/antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling in the interface. With reduced repetition of the superlattice's unit cell [(LSMO)n/(BFO)n]60/n (n = 1, 2, 5, 10) on a SrTiO3 substrate, magnetic moment reduction from 25.5 emu cc−1 ([(LSMO)10/(BFO)10]6) to 1.5 emu cc−1 ([(LSMO)1/(BFO)1]60) is obtained. Ab initio simulations show that due to the different magnetic domain formation energies, the magnetic moment orientation tends to be paramagnetic in the FM/AFM interface. The work focuses on the magnetic domain formation energy and provides a pathway to construct artificial heterostructures that can be an effective way to tune the magnetic moment orientation and control the magnetization of ultrathin films.
Retraction: Moment–curvature response of engineered cementitious composites under cyclic loading
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yan Jia‐Bao
Published: March 2017

The above article, published online on 10th March 2017 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Editor‐in‐Chief, Luc Taerwe, and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed because this work has already been published in two Japanese language publications authored by Ms Yuka Onizuka who led the research:

Yuka Onizuka and Toshiyuki Kanakubo. Evaluation of the Flexural Performance of DFRCC Subjected to Cyclic Loading, Proceedings of the Japan Concrete Institute, Vol.31, No.2, pp.1315–1320, 2009.7; available on http://data.jci-net.or.jp/data_pdf/31/031-01-2220.pdf (Japan Concrete Institute web site; http://data.jci-net.or.jp/data_html/31/031-01-2220.html) (written in Japanese)

Yuka Onizuka. Study on Tensile Stress – Strain Model of ECC, Master Program Thesis, Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, 2010.3; available on http://www.kz.tsukuba.ac.jp/~kanakubo/onimas.pdf (written in Japanese)

REFERENCE

Zhang W and Yan J‐B. Moment‐curvature response of engineered cementitious composites under cyclic loading, Struct. Concr. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201600113
Experts on the past, working in the present: what archeologists can contribute to current water management
Authors: Holt Emily
Published: March 2017

By definition, archeologists study the past—often the ancient past—and their work may not seem relevant to present‐day problems in water management. However, the knowledge of both past practices and current conditions that archeologists gain through conducting research can have useful contemporary applications. The archeological conference Water and Power in Past Societies, held at the University at Buffalo in April 2015, highlighted these potential contributions in a panel discussion on ‘what archaeology can contribute to contemporary water politics.’ The main theme to emerge from the discussion was that archeologists’ varied experiences make them well suited to inform and facilitate dialogue among conflicting perspectives. This opinion piece summarizes and builds on the themes of the panel discussion to outline ways in which archeologists may contribute to solving current water issues.WIREs Water2017, 4:e1215. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1215

This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Methods

Engineering Water > Planning Water

Human Water > Water Governance

Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
Genome shuffling of Colletotrichum lini for improving 3β,7α,15α-trihydroxy-5-androsten-17-one production from dehydroepiandrosterone
Authors: Sun Jin , Li Hui , Ni Yu , Zhang Xiaomei , Shi Jinsong , Xu Zhenghong
Published: March 2017

3β,7α,15α-Trihydroxy-5-androsten-17-one (7α,15α-diOH-DHEA) is a key intermediate of the novel oral contraceptive Yasmin. It can be catalyzed from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) through Colletotrichum lini. Improvement of 7α,15α-diOH-DHEA production was performed through recursive protoplast fusion of C. lini ST in a genome shuffling format. 7α,15α-diOH-DHEA yield of the best performing recombinant C. lini ST-F307 reached 6.08 g/L from 10 g/L DHEA, and this was 94.9% higher than that of the initial C. lini ST strain. Through optimized conditions, the 7α,15α-diOH-DHEA yield was increased to 9.32 g/L from 12 g/L DHEA, with 1.5% ethanol as cosolvent. This is the highest reported substrate concentration and 7α,15α-diOH-DHEA production with one-step substrate addition. Moreover, C. lini ST-F307 showed high P450 enzyme activity and gene transcript levels of several cytochrome P450s, and this might contribute to the enhancement of 7α,15α-diOH-DHEA production. Genome shuffling was an efficient approach to breed high-yield strains.
Metabolic carbonyl reduction of anthracyclines — role in cardiotoxicity and cancer resistance. Reducing enzymes as putative targets for novel cardioprotective and chemosensitizing agents
Authors: Piska Kamil , Koczurkiewicz Paulina , Bucki Adam , Wójcik-Pszczoła Katarzyna , Kołaczkowski Marcin , Pękala Elżbieta
Published: March 2017

Anthracycline antibiotics (ANT), such as doxorubicin or daunorubicin, are a class of anticancer drugs that are widely used in oncology. Although highly effective in cancer therapy, their usefulness is greatly limited by their cardiotoxicity. Possible mechanisms of ANT cardiotoxicity include their conversion to secondary alcohol metabolites (i.e. doxorubicinol, daunorubicinol) catalyzed by carbonyl reductases (CBR) and aldo-keto reductases (AKR). These metabolites are suspected to be more cardiotoxic than their parent compounds. Moreover, overexpression of ANT-reducing enzymes (CBR and AKR) are found in many ANT-resistant cancers. The secondary metabolites show decreased cytotoxic properties and are more susceptible to ABC-mediated efflux than their parent compounds; thus, metabolite formation is considered one of the mechanisms of cancer resistance. Inhibitors of CBR and AKR were found to reduce the cardiotoxicity of ANT and the resistance of cancer cells, and therefore are being investigated as prospective cardioprotective and chemosensitizing drug candidates. In this review, the significance of a two-electron reduction of ANT, including daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, valrubicin, amrubicin, aclarubicin, and especially doxorubicin, is described with respect to toxicity and efficacy of therapy. Additionally, CBR and AKR inhibitors, including monoHER, curcumin, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate, resveratrol, berberine or pixantrone, and their modulating effect on the activity of ANT is characterized and discussed as potential mechanism of action for novel therapeutics in cancer treatment.
Trust, entrustment decisions and a few things we shouldn’t forget
Authors: Govaerts Marjan J. B.
Published: March 2017

None
Big Questions and Big Data: The Role of Labour and Labour Relations in Recent Global Economic History
Authors: van Nederveen Meerkerk Elise
Published: March 2017

This article argues that global labour history (GLH) and global economic history have much to offer each other. GLH would do well to raise sweeping questions – for instance about the origins of global inequality – engage more with theory, and increasingly use quantitative methods. Instead of seeing labour and labour relations as historical phenomena to be explained, they can serve as importantexplanatory variablesin historical analyses of economic development and divergence. In turn, economic historians have much to gain from the recent insights of global labour historians. GLH offers a more inclusive and variable usage of the concept of labour, abandoning, as it does, the often narrow focus on male wage labour in the analyses of many economic historians. Moreover, GLH helps to overcome thinking in binary categories, such as “free” and “unfree” labour. Ultimately, both fields will benefit from engaging in joint debates and theories, and from collaboration in collecting and analysing “big data”.
Fv/Fm acclimation to the Mediterranean summer drought in two sympatric Lasallia species from the Iberian mountains
Authors: VIVAS M. , PÉREZ-ORTEGA S. , PINTADO A. , SANCHO L. G.
Published: March 2017

Photosynthetic performance in lichens can vary throughout the year. We investigate the variation in the PSII quantum efficiency as a proxy for the physiological state of the photosynthetic apparatus in two umbilicate species from the genus Lasallia. Temporal variation in Fv/Fm in both species was monitored at a field site in Central Spain where both species coexist. Subsequent measurements were carried out in the laboratory after 48 h preconditioning. Both species showed clear variation during the year in PSII performance, with a marked depression in Fv/Fm during the summer. Lasallia pustulata consistently had higher Fv/Fm values than L. hispanica. Both species reached higher Fv/Fm values after 48 h of preconditioning in the laboratory and this recovery was particularly notable in the summer months. Fv/Fm was highly related to antecedent weather conditions during the two days prior to measurement.
Heeding the Clarion Call in the Americas: The Quest to End Statelessness
Authors: Belton Kristy A.
Published: March 2017

Statelessness, or the condition of being formally excluded from citizenship everywhere, has been deemed a “scourge” and “the most forgotten aspect of human rights in the international community” by the newly elected UN Secretary-General, António Guterres. In 2014 the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), which has the mandate for the protection of stateless people globally, launched the #IBelong Campaign to eradicate statelessness by 2024. A key component of the campaign is its Global Action Plan to End Statelessness (GAP), which consists of ten actions for governments and other interested parties to undertake to end statelessness worldwide. Since the campaign's ability to end statelessness is only as strong as the regional and local actors who implement the GAP on the ground, this essay examines how the campaign has been implemented regionally. Given that Guterres and others have identified the Americas as having the potential to be the first region to end statelessness by 2024, the current essay evaluates the region's progress toward this goal.
Capable and Culpable? The United States, RtoP, and Refugee Responsibility-Sharing
Authors: Coen Alise
Published: March 2017

Facilitating access to asylum and other forms of refugee protection for the millions displaced by mass atrocities in Syria and Iraq is essential to the implementation of the international norm of the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP). This responsibility, however, has been disproportionately shouldered by several states in the Middle East and Europe. This article explores the challenges associated with refugee responsibility-sharing in the context of RtoP and draws on work in climate justice and political realism to articulate a framework for integrating culpability as a key criterion in allocating states’ responsibilities to protect refugees. An empirical and normative assessment of U.S. responsibilities to protect refugees in the cases of conflict-induced displacement in Syria and Iraq outlines several potential paths of culpability. The article ultimately argues for greater attention to culpability, equity, and legitimacy within the discourse surrounding RtoP and refugee protection. The article also advocates linking the benefits of refugee responsibility-sharing with states’ national interests and highlights several such links with regard to U.S. responsibilities in Syria and Iraq.
Evacuation Preparedness in the Event of Fire in Intensive Care Units in Sweden: More is Needed
Authors: Löfqvist Erika , Oskarsson Åsa , Brändström Helge , Vuorio Alpo , Haney Michael
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Hospitals, including intensive care units (ICUs), can be subject to threat from fire and require urgent evacuation.

Hypothesis

The hypothesis was that the current preparedness for ICU evacuation for fire in the national public hospital system in a wealthy country was very good, using Sweden as model.

Methods

An already validated questionnaire for this purpose was adapted to national/local circumstances and translated into Swedish. It aimed to elicit information concerning fire response planning, personnel education, training, and exercises. Questionnaire results (yes/no answers) were collected and answers collated to assess grouped responses. Frequencies of responses were determined.

Results

While a written hospital plan for fire response and evacuation was noted by all responders, personnel familiarity with the plan was less frequent. Deficiencies were reported concerning all categories: lack of written fire response plan for ICU, lack of personnel education in this, and lack of practical exercises to practice urgent evacuation in the event of fire.

Conclusions

These findings were interpreted as an indication of risk for worse consequences for patients in the event of fire and ICU evacuation among the hospitals in the country that was assessed, despite clear regulations and requirements for these. The exact reasons for this lack of compliance with existing laws was not clear, though there are many possible explanations. To remedy this, more attention is needed concerning recognizing risk related to lack of preparedness. Where there exists a goal of high-quality work in the ICU, this should include general leadership and medical staff preparedness in the event of urgent ICU evacuation.

LöfqvistE, OskarssonA, BrändströmH, VuorioA, HaneyM. Evacuation preparedness in the event of fire in intensive care units in Sweden: more is needed. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):317–320.