bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mentorship in Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery: A Scoping Review
Authors: Banyi Norbert , Valenzuela Dianne , Graham M. Elise , Hu Amanda C.
Published: January 2025

Importance

Mentorship is increasingly recognized as a critical part of training across the spectrum of trainees. While explored more in-depth in the literature of other medical specialties, mentorship remains a nascent topic in the Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) literature.

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the current literature on mentorship in OHNS.

Design

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines was used and the methodology was registered on Open Science Framework ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/X5FQ7 ). The Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched. Two authors independently selected studies, with the senior author resolving discrepancies. Study quality was assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine levels of evidence.

Setting and Participants

English language studies employing any methodology that involved mentorship of medical trainees and staff in OHNS were included from the inception of the database up to September 20, 2023.

Intervention or Exposures

Any form of mentorship.

Main Outcome Measure

The primary outcome was the benefits of mentorship afforded to the mentee.

Results

From 415 unique articles identified, 45 studies were included. The median publication year was 2020 (IQR 6.5, range 1999-2023). The major themes of benefits from mentorship include improving residency uptake (n = 22), clinical competency and professionalism (n = 20), diversity and equity (n = 19), research productivity (n = 17), career planning and advancement (n = 17), and quality of life (n = 11). Other common themes included active mentorship (n = 29), near-peer mentorship (n = 13), and utilizing digital tools for mentorship (n = 6).

Conclusion and Relevance

Mentorship in OHNS has seen a sharp increase in publications in recent years. There are numerous benefits to mentorship including improving residency uptake, diversity initiatives, clinical competency and professionalism, research productivity, career planning and advancement, as well as quality of life.
Learning Performatively for Research with Marginalized Populations: Developing Informed Consent with LESLLA Learners
Authors: Grinden Live , Botha Louis
Published: January 2025

This paper is concerned with the process of generating informed consent from potential participants who have limited experience of formal education (LESLLA learners) and therefore limited background knowledge of an abstract, culturally-situated concept such as research. We argue that initial efforts to inform these marginalized and vulnerable populations need sharper focus as both these prospective participants and the researchers working with them may not fully appreciate the complex dynamics of researching with each other. Hence, we propose a performative approach to generate awareness and relationships among the researcher and prospective participants. Here, we describe the new materialist performative approach to introduce LESLLA learners to research dynamics through a board game designed to familiarize potential participants with interview situations, while also creating space for considering the agencies of other entities within the research process.
A case of treatment-resistant erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp
Authors: Rehan Zahra , Brown-Maher Tracey
Published: January 2025

Erosive pustular dermatosis is a rare and chronic inflammatory condition of the scalp which can be mistaken for cutaneous malignancy, precancerous lesions, dermatitis or pyoderma gangrenosum. The recurrent and resistant characteristics of erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp pose a challenge to successful management and remission of the condition. The purpose of this case report is to provide management options and treatment recommendations for refractory cases of erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp. We report a case of erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp that proved resistant to treatment, with various therapeutic modalities explored to address the persistent condition. In our patient, multiple treatment modalities included topical and oral corticosteroids, topical and oral antibiotics, topical vitamin D analogue, topical calcineurin inhibitor and oral isotretinoin. Based on our findings, refractory disease progression of erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp may be more responsive to combination therapy rather than monotherapy.
Sustainability beyond Earth: Integrating Anthropocene lessons into guiding principles for responsible space expansion
Authors: Rementeria Santiago
Published: January 2025

The profound impact of human activities on the Earth’s global ecosystem raises questions about our environmental responsibility, and their far-reaching consequences also cast doubt on the perceived progress of humanity in achieving social justice and equality. As we now contemplate the exploitation and settlement across multiple celestial bodies, we find ourselves at a crossroads, facing the possibility of extending these effects beyond the atmosphere and orbital environments. This article proposes a foundational framework for the conscientious exploration and use of outer space against the backdrop of the Anthropocene era. The approach is cautionary, emphasizing the critical lessons learned to avoid repeating the environmental, ethical, and societal challenges that have shaped our time on this planet. It advocates for sustainable and responsible practices as we extend the anthropogenic footprint to extraterrestrial settings.
Evaluating Failure Rates of Primary Quadriceps Tendon Repairs Across Different Surgical Techniques
Authors: Katsma Mark S. , Land Vaughn , Renfro S. Hunter , Culp Hunter , Balazs George C.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Quadriceps tendon ruptures occur infrequently in the general population. Biomechanical data suggest advantages with the use of suture anchor fixation for major tendon repair. Clinical studies of quadriceps tendon repair have been limited to small case series.

Purpose:

To evaluate clinical failure following primary quadriceps tendon repair with transosseous tunnel or suture anchor repair.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The Military Health System Data Repository was queried to identify all adult patients who underwent primary quadriceps tendon repair in the Military Health System between 2014 and 2018. Patients were excluded if they had incomplete records, polytrauma, open injury, prior ipsilateral total knee arthroplasty did not undergo quadriceps tendon repair, or underwent revision repair. Follow-up was obtained by manual chart review of both orthopaedic and nonorthopaedic records, recording any evidence of ongoing knee issues. Univariate analysis was performed to determine associations between potential risk factors and repair failure. Multicollinearity was assessed between potential risk factors, and candidate variables were included in multivariate logistic regression models to determine independent risk factors for repair failure.

Results:

Following application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, 245 knees in 234 patients were included. Mean age of the cohort was 52 years. Patients were predominantly male (223/234; 95%) and military retirees (143/234; 61%). Transosseous tunnel repair was the most frequently employed surgical technique (147/245; 60%), followed by suture anchor repair (78/245; 32%). Repair failure requiring revision surgery occurred in 11% of knees (27/245). Surgical-site infection following index surgery was associated with eventual rerupture ( P = .02). There was no difference in failure rate between transosseous tunnel repair and suture anchor repair (12.2% vs 9.0%; P = .51). Among knees undergoing suture anchor repair, no difference in failure was found between knot-tying and knotless suture anchor fixation ( P = .73).

Conclusion:

We observed no difference in failure of primary quadriceps tendon repair between transosseous tunnel and suture anchor repair types or between the 2 main suture anchor implant subtypes (knotless vs knot-tying anchors). A greater than previously reported rerupture rate was observed, indicating the need for continued investigation into optimal surgical techniques.
Metaphor in U.K. Bank Chairman Letter to Shareholders
Authors: Lawal Tolulola
Published: January 2025

Using a mixed methods approach that relies on conceptual metaphor theory, corpus linguistics, and discourse analysis, the study investigates the use and function of metaphor in a self-constructed corpus of U.K. bank chairman’s letters to shareholders during the study period, covering a state of relative stability (2002-2007), financial crisis and scandals (2008-2019), and the coronavirus pandemic (2020). We find evidence that bank chairmen use conventional metaphors to communicate with shareholders. Additionally, the choice of metaphors is conditional on the contextual environment in which banks operate. Further qualitative analysis of the metaphors supports a persuasive role that depends on the contextual environment.
The Persistence of Confederate, Enslaver, and Segregationist Namesakes in U.S. Public Schools: A Critical Quantitative Toponymic Analysis
Authors: Richards Meredith P. , Gensterblum Annie , Bartlett Caroline , Thrash Courtney R. , Phillips Cheyenne
Published: January 2025

In this quantitative toponymic study, we examine U.S. public schools named after Confederates, enslavers, and segregationists (CESs). We find that 4.7% of all public schools (n = 4,172) had CES namesakes, although this number declined slightly after the BLM/George Floyd protests in the summer of 2020. Most of these are named after enslavers, while 467 are named after Confederates and 210 after segregationists. While nearly one-quarter are named after presidents, the remaining three-quarters of namesakes have no such claim on American history. More than half of schools with CES namesakes reproduce their embedding geographies, highlighting how schools amplify the toponyms of other geographies and public spaces. Of particular concern, Black students are particularly concentrated in schools with Confederate namesakes. We discuss the potential harm of these “symbols” and conclude with policy implications.
Barriers to Utilization of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services among Young People in Nigeria: A Qualitative Exploration Using the Socioecological Model
Authors: Olajubu Aanuoluwapo Omobolanle , Olowokere Adekemi Eunice , Naanyu Violet
Published: January 2025

Underutilization of sexual and reproductive health services among young people is associated with many adverse sexual and reproductive health-related outcomes and morbidity. Guided by the socioecological model, this study undertook a qualitative exploration of the barriers limiting young peoples’ uptake of sexual and reproductive health services in Osun State, Nigeria. Fifty-eight young people (aged 15–24 years) from two universities and one community in Osun State were selected and involved in six focus group discussions. A thematic analysis was performed using NVivo software version 12. Intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, and community-level barriers were identified from the focus group discussions, aligning with the socioecological model framework. The study identified various interwoven barriers to the utilization of sexual and reproductive health information and services. The interrelatedness of the factors at different levels underscores the need to design and implement multifaceted policies and interventions aimed at improving young people’s access to and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services.
Dietary diversity and opportunistic infections among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus on antiretroviral therapy in Kumasi metropolis; a facility-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Apprey Charles , Addae Hammond Yaw , Osei Monica , Danquah Irene , Annan Reginald
Published: January 2025

Background

Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continue to face heightened susceptibility to opportunistic infections (OIs). Adequate nutrition remains an essential factor that positively influences disease progression and the occurrence of OIs. In Ghana, no study has evaluated the association between dietary diversity and OI occurrence among adults with HIV. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary diversity and the presence of OIs among HIV-positive adults receiving ART.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 291 HIV-positive adults receiving ART from February 2023 to April 2023 at Kumasi South Hospital, Ghana. The study participants were selected using a convenient sampling method. A pre-tested questionnaire and review of electronic health records were used to collect sociodemographic, nutritional and clinical data. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify variables significantly associated with the study outcome and hierarchical multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between dietary diversity and the occurrence of OIs while controlling for confounders at p-value < 0.05.

Results

The mean age and dietary diversity were 46.2 ± 10.9 years and 4.0 (IQR: 3.0 to 6.0) food groups, respectively. Out of 291 respondents, 152 (52.2%) had inadequate dietary diversity and 39 (13.4%) had at least one OI. The respondents with inadequate dietary diversity were three times more likely to have an OI than their peers with adequate dietary diversity [AOR 3.03, (95% CI: 1.20 to 7.64), p = 0.019].

Conclusion

This study revealed that inadequate dietary diversity is a significant nutritional problem and dietary diversity was associated with the presence of OIs among PLWHA on ART at the study site. Hence, there is the need to enhance the intake of diversified diets based on locally available foods. This could decrease the occurrence of OIs and eventually reduce HIV-related morbidity/mortality.
Vertebral artery dissection in a patient with migraine treated with calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody: a case report and FAERS database analysis
Authors: Tokuyasu Daiki , Imai Shungo , Chen Shih-Pin , Ihara Keiko , Watanabe Narumi , Izawa Yoshikane , Nakahara Jin , Hori Satoko , Takizawa Tsubasa
Published: January 2025

Background

Migraine is associated with cervical artery dissection (CeAD). Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a multifunctional neuropeptide with vasodilatory effects. The use of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAb) may affect cerebrovascular disease risk; however, no reports have associated CGRP mAb with CeAD.

Case presentation and FAERS database analysis

We report a case of vertebral artery dissection in a 39-year-old woman with migraine treated with galcanezumab. We searched the number of cases where cerebral and cervical artery dissection were reported as adverse effects of CGRP mAb using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Six and ten such cases were reported regarding galcanezumab and CGRP mAbs use, respectively. The reporting odds ratios for galcanezumab and CGRP mAbs were elevated.

Conclusion

Although migraine is reported to be associated with CeAD, the use of CGRP mAb might be related to CeAD and warrant further investigation.
Association of obesity with orbital fat expansion in thyroid eye disease
Authors: Kuo Po-Chin , Kuo Shu-Chun , Teng Yi-Shan , Lai Chun-Chieh
Published: January 2025

Background

To investigate the association between obesity and orbital fat expansion in proptosis of thyroid eye disease.

Methods

This observational study retrospectively enrolled 87 participants who received orbital fat decompression surgery for thyroid eye disease. Primary outcome measures included average body mass index (BMI) and the proportion of the study sample with overweight and obesity, compared with the general Taiwanese population. Secondary outcome measures included the association of obesity with proptosis severity, removed fat volume, and thyroid status.

Results

The average BMI (25.59 ± 4.36 kg/m2) of the study sample was significantly higher than that in the general population of Taiwan (24.5 kg/m2; P = 0.012). Participants with overweight (19.52 ± 3.52 mm) and obesity (21.25 ± 3.76 mm) exhibited significantly more severe proptosis than participants without overweight (18.05 ± 3.37 mm) and without obesity (18.09 ± 3.02 mm; P = 0.029 and P < 0.001, respectively). In addition, a significantly greater orbital fat volume was removed from the group with obesity (4.61 ± 1.17 ml) versus that without obesity (3.57 ± 1.12 ml; P = 0.021). A positive correlation between BMI and removed fat volume was noted (correlation coefficient = 0.291, P = 0.005). BMI was an independent factor predicting both proptosis severity (P < 0.001) and removed orbital fat volume (P = 0.02).

Conclusions

Obesity is associated with orbital fat expansion and consequently more severe proptosis in thyroid eye disease. Weight control may be a potential strategy to prevent thyroid-associated exophthalmos.
Higher risk of hydraulic dysfunction and carbohydrate depletion of declining Larix principis-rupprechtii trees
Authors: Song Huanhuan , Zhong Tianyu , Zhu Jianxiao , Yan Tao
Published: January 2025

Background

Climate change associated with droughts has led to widespread forest decline. Hydraulic and carbon-related performances are key physiological processes for the tolerance of trees to environmental changes, yet our current understanding of such physiological performances for forest decline is still limited. Here, we investigated the hydraulic and carbohydrate performances of healthy and declining (canopy dieback) trees in temperate larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii) plantations.

Results

Relative to healthy trees, the higher native percentage loss of xylem hydraulic conductivity and lower xylem hydraulic conductivity indicated a deterioration of the integrity of the hydraulic system in declining trees. Additionally, the comparable Huber value, intrinsic water-use efficiency, and leaf mass per area between healthy and declining trees suggest a relatively profligate water-use strategy by declining trees. Declining trees had lower nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in leaves, branches, and twigs but higher soluble sugars concentration in fine roots than conspecific healthy trees.

Conclusions

Overall, declining trees in larch plantations would be more vulnerable to drought due to the higher risk of hydraulic dysfunction and carbohydrate depletion.
Foresight for Internationalization of Medical Sciences Universities in Iran in the 2040 horizon
Authors: Ghasab Azadeh Ahmadzadeh , Heydari Majid , Arab Mohammad
Published: January 2025

The internationalization of medical universities is confronted with various uncertainties due to environmental trends. Therefore, obtaining insight into potential future scenarios is essential for adopting exclusive and effective strategies. Accordingly, this study aims to identify future scenarios for the internationalization of Medical Sciences Universities in Iran (MSUI) in the 2040 horizon. A scenario-based strategic planning approach was employed to create and develop possible scenarios for the internationalization of Iran’s medical universities. This approach followed a four-step framework consisting of scoping, exploring, synthesizing, and scenario building. To develop the scenarios, a combination of futures study methods was employed, including a literature review, expert opinions, cross-impact analysis, morphological analysis, and balance impact analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed using framework analysis and MAXQDA software, while quantitative data were analyzed using EXCEL, MICMAC, and Scenario Wizard software. A total of 61 drivers related to the future of internationalization of medical sciences universities in Iran were identified. Key drivers such as political relations and diplomatic influence, economic sanctions, scientific supremacy, and the knowledge economy were recognized. By configuring the states of these key drivers in the 2040 horizon, a total of 81 possible scenarios were generated. Among these scenarios, 16 were assessed as plausible, with 5 of them being highly probable. These scenarios include evergreen universities, lush universities, blooming season, frost gardens, and dried-up gardens. The analysis of probable future scenarios reveals that the optimistic conditions of the driving forces outweigh those of their pessimistic counterparts, indicating that, at worst, the current situation will persist. Each university could select a probable scenario aligned with its preferred vision to implement within the study timeframe.
Investor sentiment networks: mapping connectedness in DJIA stocks
Authors: Nyakurukwa Kingstone , Seetharam Yudhvir
Published: January 2025

This study examines the connectedness of firm-level online investor sentiment using Dow Jones Industrial Average constituent stocks. Leveraging two proxies of online textual sentiment, namely news media and social media sentiment, we investigate sentiment connectedness at two levels: frequency interval and asymmetric level. Frequency connectedness dissects connectedness into short-, medium-, and long-term investing horizons, while asymmetric connectedness focuses on the transmission of positive and negative sentiment shocks on news and social media platforms. Our results reveal interesting patterns in which both news and social media sentiments demonstrate consistency in connectedness across the short-, medium-, and long-term. Regarding asymmetric connectedness, we observe that negative news sentiment has a higher connectedness than positive news sentiments.
Oncogene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer patients in Iran: a study of their association with programmed death ligand-1 expression
Authors: Abrehdari-Tafreshi Zahra , Pirestani Majid , Mosaferi Zahra , Rakhshani Nasser , Arefian Ehsan
Published: January 2025

Background

Lung cancer is a globally pervasive and deadly disease, claiming more than 1 million lives annually. Therefore, the identification of mutations in crucial cancer-related genes is paramount for guiding optimal chemotherapy strategies. The distribution of EGFR, KRAS, ALK, and ROS1 mutations varies across diverse ethnic populations. Nonetheless, there is limited data available on the prevalence of these mutations and their correlation with PD-L1 expression among Iranian lung cancer patients.

Aim

This study involved an analysis of EGFR, KRAS, ALK, and ROS1 gene mutations in lung cancer patients, followed by an assessment of the correlation between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological variables.

Methods

Mutational profiling was conducted by examining EGFR (exons 18–21) and KRAS (exon 2) through pyrosequencing. Detection of ALK and ROS1 rearrangements, alongside PD-L1 expression, was carried out using immunohistochemistry techniques.

Results

EGFR mutations were identified in 23.4% of cases, exhibiting a notably higher occurrence in females (p = 0.001). KRAS mutations were present in 7.1% of cases, with no significant association found between KRAS mutations and sex (p = 0.229). ALK rearrangements were found in 4.9% of cases, while ROS1 rearrangements were present in 0.6% of patients. The overall prevalence of PD-L1 protein expression was 36.85%. Notably, PD-L1 expression was detected in 24.8% of cases with EGFR mutations, 20% of cases with KRAS mutations, 64.7% of cases with ALK rearrangements, and in 100% of cases with ROS1 rearrangements.

Conclusion

Although no correlation was found between PD-L1 expression and EGFR, KRAS mutations, and ROS1 rearrangements, a noteworthy association was identified between ALK rearrangements and elevated PD-L1 expression.
Examining change and permanence in traditional earthen construction in Ghana: a case study of Tamale and Wa
Authors: Appeaning Addo Irene , Yakubu Ibrahim , Gagnon Alexandre S. , Beckett Christopher T. S. , Huang Yuner , Owusu-Nimo Frederick , Brás Ana Margarida Armada
Published: January 2025

The architectural style found in Wa and Tamale is renowned for its distinctive use of earthen construction, which features square buildings with flat roofs and circular compounds with conical thatch roofs. Recently, there has been a growing inclination towards the use of alternative construction techniques in which nontraditional materials such as cement, bitumen, and used car engine oil are utilised to render wall surfaces. These structures show how the materials and design in northern Ghana have substantially evolved. However, what forces drive the changes in cob construction in this region? Furthermore, how might these changes impact the preservation of cultural heritage in Ghana? To explore the factors that contribute to the departure from traditional earthen building methods that rely on local materials, this study employs a constructivist research approach. Participants in a survey that informed this study revealed that they struggled to access building materials to construct their houses. While most of the people who responded to the survey have resided in buildings constructed with a mixture of beini and dawadawa, they hesitate to use plant-based biostabilisers in new constructions. Factors that hinder the ongoing construction and preservation of earthen buildings include shifting cultural and social norms, environmental changes, difficulties accessing local building resources, flood risks, regular maintenance requirements, and societal influences. Thus, this study concludes that if communities are empowered to take ownership and recognise the value of their cultural heritage, they are likely to be increasingly aware and appreciative of their architectural heritage. Thus, their local heritage will be preserved.
Adaptability of Siheyuan (四合院) spatial arrangement in Chinese houses in Kampung Ketandan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Safitri Ristya Arinta , Subroto T. Yoyok Wahyu , Rahmi Dwita Hadi
Published: January 2025

Economic, social and political factors are the main triggers of human migration, which aims to enable people to obtain better livelihoods. Chinese people are among the ethnic groups that have migrated and settled in Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia. The traditional Chinese dwelling known as a courtyard house or Siheyuan (四 合 院) is one of the cultural forms brought by Chinese migrants to this recipient region. This type of dwelling might require adjustments due to climatic conditions, materials, and the desire to be accepted by the local community. Therefore, what adaptations have been made by members of the Chinese diaspora living in Yogyakarta city? This research aims to explore the adaptation of the spatial arrangement of Chinese houses in Kampung Ketandan, which is a Chinese settlement that has existed for 200 years in Yogyakarta city and is associated with Javanese culture. This research uses a qualitative method to collect data concerning 6 original Chinese houses through observation and interviews. The analytical process involves spatial zone analysis and an access graph. As a result, the transformation and modification that characterise courtyards and spatial arrangements in Ketandan, Yogyakarta, are revealed.
Who is in Our STEM Courses and How do We Know? Student Self-Descriptions, Intersectionality and Inclusive Education
Authors: Hanauer David I. , Zhang Tong , Graham Mark , Hatfull Graham
Published: January 2025

This study problematizes the current approach to demographic data collection and proposes augmenting it with multi-identity quantitative and qualitative self-description.The results show students use multiple identities and that these differ in relation to ethnicity. Current approaches do not capture the heterogeneity of students.
Introduction to this special section: General submissions
Authors: Brown Steve
Published: January 2025

The year 2024 was an objectively great one for The Leading Edge (TLE). Besides the continuation of more-than-respectable journal metrics (see Kyle Spikes' President's Page in this issue), TLE also enjoyed a marked increase in manuscript submissions. With more than two weeks left in 2024 at the time of this writing, submissions were up by more than 30% compared to 2023. As TLE enters its 44th year of continuous publication, we hope to continue this upward trend in 2025 — a year we open with another of our popular “general submissions” issues.
Geophysical investigation for the location of unearthed components at the Sanctuary of Poseidon in Isthmia, Greece
Authors: Arvanitis Michael , Frey Jon
Published: January 2025

Ground-penetrating radar was used to help archaeologists define new areas for excavation and to document unearthed components of historical importance at the Sanctuary of Poseidon in Isthmia, Greece. Results revealed several areas of interest that correlate well with historical evidence. This study will guide future excavations in and around the sanctuary.
Reviews
Authors: Aitken Julie
Published: January 2025

Introduction to Applied Geophysics: Exploring the Shallow Subsurface, by H. R. Burger, A. F. Sheehan, and C. H. Jones, 2006
Seismic Soundoff: Navigating geoethics: Balancing science and responsibility
Authors: Geary Andrew
Published: January 2025

In episode 240 of SEG's Seismic Soundoff podcast, Giuseppe Di Capua shares insights on how geoethics can guide geoscientists to balance technical work with social and environmental responsibilities.
Perspectives of Older Patients on Speaking With an Anesthesia Provider Before the Day of Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ballacchino Madison M. , Deiner Stacie G. , Martinez-Camblor Pablo , Ron Donna
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Evaluations performed before the day of surgery at perioperative clinics have been shown to reduce patient mortality and hospital lengths of stay. These clinics are becoming increasingly adopted worldwide. As the number of older patients undergoing surgery continues to increase, understanding the perspectives of this patient population regarding the preoperative evaluation process is essential to tailor care to their needs and preferences.

METHODS:

We administered a cross-sectional survey by email or telephone to 104 patient participants ages 75 and older who underwent preoperative assessment and surgery at a rural tertiary center in Northern New England in 2022. The survey aimed to elicit patient perspectives on whether or not they prefer to speak with an anesthesia provider before the day of surgery, and on the reasons for their preference.

RESULTS:

Sixty-six percent of older patients indicated they prefer to engage in conversations with their anesthesia providers before the day of surgery. The most common topics patients wanted to discuss were to address what possible side effects from anesthesia could occur, the type of anesthesia they would receive, and if other anesthesia options were available. Patients also emphasized the importance of their anesthesia provider’s awareness of their specific medical conditions, such as kidney, lung, or cervical spine conditions.

CONCLUSIONS:

Preanesthesia assessments allow for bidirectional communication between patients and anesthesia providers, alleviating patient anxiety and allowing for vital patient information to be collected to enhance overall patient safety. Our findings indicate that preoperative assessment by an anesthesia provider is desired and valued by the older patient population, contributing to the evidence in support of the implementation of anesthesia preoperative clinics. More research is needed to determine whether tailoring preanesthesia assessments to better align with patient preferences will translate into enhanced patient-centered outcomes.
Successful Thoracic Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation in a High-Risk Patient With Intractable Intercostal Neuralgia: A Case Report
Authors: Kapoor Trishul , Botros Mina , Costandi Shrif
Published: January 2025

Intercostal neuralgia can be debilitating and extremely difficult to treat despite multi-modal therapies. The literature describing the role of neuromodulation in patients with intercostal neuralgia is scarce. In this medically challenging case report, we describe a 56-year-old male with a near complete resolution of intractable chronic intercostal neuralgia, secondary to traumatic rib fractures and multiple surgical interventions, with a single lead thoracic spinal cord stimulator (SCS) implant. Neuromodulation therapies should be considered as a viable option for this patient population.
A new effLuc/Kate dual reporter allele for tumor imaging in mice
Authors: Bakiri Latifa , Tichet Mélanie , Marques Carolina , Thomsen Martin K. , Allen Elizabeth A. , Stolzlechner Stefanie , Cheng Ke , Matsuoka Kazuhiko , Squatrito Massimo , Hanahan Douglas , Wagner Erwin F.
Published: January 2025

Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are instrumental for modelling local and systemic features of complex diseases, such as cancer. Non-invasive, longitudinal cell detection and monitoring in tumors, metastases and/or the micro-environment is paramount to achieve a better spatiotemporal understanding of cancer progression and to evaluate therapies in preclinical studies. Bioluminescent and fluorescent reporters marking tumor cells or their microenvironment are valuable for non-invasive cell detection and monitoring in vivo. Here, we report the generation of a dual reporter allele allowing simultaneous bioluminescence and fluorescence detection of cells that have undergone Cre-Lox recombination in mice. The single copy knock-in allele in the permissive collagen I locus was evaluated in the context of several cancer GEMMs, where Cre expression was achieved genetically or by ectopic virus-mediated delivery. The new reporter allele was also combined with gene-targeted alleles widely used in bone, prostate, brain and pancreas cancer research, as well as with alleles inserted into the commonly used Rosa26 and collagen I loci. This allele is, therefore, a useful addition to the portfolio of reporters to help advance preclinical research.
The Effects of Perioperative Corticosteroids on Postoperative Complications After Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Debated Topic of Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Haonan , Wei Kongyuan , Cao Ruiqi , Wu Jiaoxing , Feng Zhengyuan , Wang Fangzhou , Zhou Cancan , Wu Shuai , Han Liang , Wang Zheng , Ma Qingyong , Wu Zheng
Published: January 2025

Background

The intraoperative administration of corticosteroids has been shown to improve postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgery; however, the impact of corticosteroids on complications following pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) remains controversial.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative corticosteroids on postoperative complications after PD.

Materials and Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for studies published prior to 1 July 2024. Of 7418 articles identified, a total of 5 studies were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The primary outcome was incidence of postoperative major complications (PMCs), while the additional outcomes were incidences of postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPFs), infection, delayed gastric emptying (DGE), post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH), bile leakage, reoperation, and 30-day mortality. The study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42024524936).

Results

Finally, 5 studies involving 1449 patients (537 with corticosteroids and 912 without corticosteroids) were analyzed. Intraoperative corticosteroids were not associated with any improvement in PMCs (p = 0.41). The incidence of POPF (p = 0.12), infectious complications (p = 0.15), or DGE (p = 0.81) were not significantly different between the two groups. No obvious differences were found in the incidence of PPH (p = 0.42), bile leakage (p = 0.68), 30-day mortality (p = 0.99), or reoperation (p = 0.26).

Conclusion

Perioperative corticosteroids did not significantly demonstrate any protective advantage in terms of postoperative complications after PD. This finding may serve as a reference for the perioperative use of corticosteroids in pancreatic surgery. Well-designed clinical trials are warranted in the near future in order to provide high-level evidence.
Global analysis by LC-MS/MS of N6-methyladenosine and inosine in mRNA reveal complex incidence
Authors: Stejskal Stanislav , Rajecka Veronika , Covelo-Molares Helena , Sinigaglia Ketty , Brozinova Kvetoslava , Kasiarova Linda , Dohnalkova Michaela , Reyes-Gutierrez Paul Eduardo , Cahova Hana , Keegan Liam Peter , O'Connell Mary A. , Vanacova Stepanka
Published: January 2025

The precise and unambiguous detection and quantification of internal RNA modifications represents a critical step for understanding their physiological functions. The methods of direct RNA sequencing are quickly developing allowing for the precise location of internal RNA marks. This detection is however not quantitative and still presents detection limits. One of the biggest remaining challenges in the field is still the detection and quantification of m6A, m6Am, inosine and m1A modifications of adenosine. The second intriguing and timely question remaining to be addressed is the extent to which individual marks are coregulated or potentially can affect each other. Here we present a methodological approach to detect and quantify several key mRNA modifications in human total RNA and in mRNA, which is difficult to purify way from contaminating tRNA. We show that the adenosine demethylase FTO primarily targets m6Am marks in noncoding RNAs in HEK293T cells. Surprisingly, we observe little effect of FTO or ALKBH5 depletion on the m6A mRNA levels. Interestingly, upregulation of ALKBH5 is accompanied by an increase in inosine level in overall mRNA.
Violações de direitos humanos pela Fundação Renova: Fragmentação de processos e políticas excludentes
Authors: Pereira Jussara Jéssica , Machado Saraiva Carolina , Richter de Souza Oliveira Pereira Michel
Published: January 2025

Aproximações entre direitos humanos e organizações têm sido observadas nas Ciências Sociais aplicadas, especialmente no campo da Administração. Majoritariamente, essas pesquisas têm focado reflexões acerca de se fazerem negócios mais responsáveis e/ou as violações aos direitos humanos decorrentes das atividades-fins de uma empresa. Poucas pesquisas têm se focado em mapear, sob a perspectiva dos direitos humanos, as ações das organizações. Logo, esta pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo e exploratório, propõe-se a compreender como a fragmentação de processos e política excludente da Fundação Renova dificultam a participação das comunidades que sofreram violações de direitos humanos. Foram coletados 365 documentos, organizados e categorizados utilizando a técnica de análise temática. A hipótese é que a falta de transparência intencional nas ações da Fundação Renova tem representado violações aos direitos humanos das populações atingidas. Como consequência, as estruturas de governanças criadas até então não têm sido suficientes para impedir que os interesses das empresas se sobreponham aos interesses da população atingida. Nossos resultados apontam que a Fundação Renova, apesar de ter mecanismos sofisticados de governança, se estrutura para bloquear e violar os direitos das pessoas atingidas.
Um estudo da relação entre ISO 9001 e inovação
Authors: Garcia Luis Carlos Dominguez , Santos Jefferson de Barros , Lopes Bruno
Published: January 2025

Este estudo tem como objetivo determinar o impacto da implementação de um Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade (SGQ) na inovação. Para isso, investiga-se a relação entre a certificação ISO 9001 e a capacidade inovativa em empresas de diversos setores, com base na experiência de gestores que atuaram em áreas diversas dessas organizações. Na pesquisa, utilizou-se o levantamento como estratégia de investigação, obtendo-se respostas de 123 profissionais que desempenharam funções de gestão em organizações. Para a análise dos resultados foi empregada a técnica de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (SEM). O estudo conseguiu demonstrar que uma certificação ISO 9001 influencia positivamente na inovação de produto – tanto radical quanto incremental – e na inovação radical de processo.
A influência da cultura orientada por dados na criatividade organizacional: um estudo na administração pública brasileira
Authors: Laercio Barbosa da Silva Natã , Salles de Almeida Arlyson , Sales Augusto
Published: January 2025

A implementação de ideias inovadoras no ambiente de trabalho pode resultar em melhorias significativas na eficiência e eficácia do setor público. Este estudo investigou o impacto da Cultura Orientada por Dados (CDD) na Criatividade Organizacional (CO) nas Organizações Militares da Marinha do Brasil. Hipóteses foram formuladas e testadas por meio de um levantamento de campo, com análise conduzida via Modelagem de Equações Estruturais, utilizando Mínimos Quadrados Parciais no software RStudio. Os resultados corroboraram o modelo conceitual, demonstrando que a CDD tem uma influência positiva na CO, mediada parcialmente pela Capacidade de Business Analytics, esclarecendo assim a dinâmica dessa relação no contexto específico estudado.
Authoritarian Leaders as Successful Psychopaths: Towards an Understanding of the Role of Emotions in Political Decision-making
Authors: Garavito Maria Clara , Bula Caraballo German , González Sebastián Alejandro
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we seek to understand the psychology and cognitive strategies of people with the psychological profile of authoritarian leaders. To understand their personality traits, we compare them with literature concerning successful psychopaths. We also see both personalities in the light of literature in the field of self-help for success in business. We say these psychological profiles are shaped by culture, as self-help literature shows. Our intention in comparing successful psychopaths and authoritarian leaders is not to reinforce the idea that authoritarian leaders are unemotional, but rather the opposite. We wish to explore this relationship from the perspective of embodied cognition, according to which emotions are a fundamental part of decision-making, including political decision-making. Traditionally, both successful psychopaths and authoritarian leaders are understood as unemotional and therefore completely rational: here we explore the idea that this apparent rationality hides a particular emotional profile and a certain stubbornness and impulsivity regarding previously set goals. Also, as self-help literature reveals, set goals are closely associated with their identity, so that compromise regarding goals is seen as a loss of said identity. The study of the authoritarian leader as a gnoseological category helps us think about the relationship between volition, rational thought, identity, and emotions in decision-making; and to understand the way of acting of authoritarian leaders, and the way they succeed and fail.
Visualization as an Intuitive Process in Mathematical Practice
Authors: Peña-Páez Lina María
Published: January 2025

In the field of the philosophy of mathematics, in recent years, there has been a resurgence of two processes: intuition and visualization. History has shown us that great mathematicians in their inventions have used these processes to arrive at their most brilliant proofs, theories and concepts. In this article, we want to defend that both intuition and visualization can be understood as processes that contribute to the development of mathematical knowledge as evidenced in the history of mathematics. Like intuition, visualization does not have a definition, and its role has become more prominent both in pure mathematics and in educational research. For us, both visualization and intuition are processes that start from the real world of those who “intuit” or “visualize,” require experience and knowledge of concepts and theories (the more expertise in the subject, the more profound the results will be) and must, in the end, be validated by the specialized academic community. In this article, we defend the importance of visualization in mathematical practice and its role in the advances of great scientists (Euclid, Euler, Galileo, Descartes, Newton, Maxwell, Riemann, Einstein, Feynman, among others) as an alternative and valuable way to symbolic thinking, which has “reigned” in the academic and scientific community.
Four Important Characteristics of Women in Confucianism and Its Contribution to the Implementation of Gender Equality in Vietnam
Authors: Vo Dung Van
Published: January 2025

Four important virtues of a woman in the Confucian perspective include Works (being chaste, monogamous, and a virgin when married), Comportment (beauty), Speech, and Conduct (morality, Ethics). These virtues have profoundly influenced the conception of the role of women in traditional Vietnamese culture. Excessive focus on family roles and traditional values limits women's opportunities and rights in the public, political and economic spheres. However, in recent years, Vietnam has made significant progress in realizing gender equality. Investments in education, legal rights, and economic and social development have opened up many opportunities for women to participate in the public sector and contribute to the country's development. In this article, we will focus on clarifying issues such as: Presenting and analyzing four important women's virtues from the point of view of Confucianism in the Pre-Qin period; Finding answers to the questions raised and pointing out the contribution of four important women's virtues from a Confucian point of view in realizing gender equality in Vietnam.
Is Numenius’ Doctrine of the World Souls Identical with Calcidius’ Relevant Doctrine?
Authors: Leontitsi Aikaterini
Published: January 2025

The present article deals with the subject of the doctrine of the Middle Platonist philosopher Numenius about the world souls, according to the testimony of Calcidius. At first, it is being investigated whether the theory presented by Calcidius is an exact reproduction of Numenius’ view or whether some elements have intruded into it, which reveal Calcidius’ view of the soul. Subsequently, the interpretations of the divisible and the indivisible essences of Timaeus – from which the world soul is created – which have been given by Calcidius, Proclus and Numenius are compared. In addition, it is examined whether the source of Calcidius’ interpretation of Timaeus’ psychogony is Numenius or Plotinus. At the same time, the world souls are outlined more clearly according to the theory of Numenius. Finally, what was analyzed above is summarized and some conclusions are drawn, regarding the relationship between the views of Calcidius, Numenius and Plotinus on the universal and human soul, as well as the general character of the system of the last two philosophers.