bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pályaorientációs tartalmú honlapok vizsgálata 2020 áprilisában
Authors: Kenderfi Miklós
Published: January 2021

2020. márciusban a COVID-19 járvány minden európai ember életébe valamiféle változást hozott. Így vannak ezzel azon fiatalok is, akik az életpályájuk következő szakaszába kívánnak átlépni, jelesül pályát, vagy iskolát választanak. Ehhez a döntéshez elengedhetetlenül fontos az információ, melyhez való hozzáférés lehetőségei ebben a kritikus időszakban korlátozottak. Nincsenek meg a személyes információszerzés lehetőségei (pl. nyílt napok, pályaválasztási kiállítások), melyek során egyéni tapasztalatok volnának gyűjthetőek. Mindebben az ingerszegény helyzetben nem marad más megbízható forrás, mint az internet. De vajon mennyire megbízható és mely célcsoportok számára tartalmaz minőségi információkat? Dolgozatunk alapját képező kutatásunkban ezekre a kérdésekre kerestük a válaszokat, amikor a hazai pályaorientációs tartalmú honlapokat elemeztük.Based on our former researches and the professional literature, with slight simplification we can state that career orientation is considered as a process of gaining information. According to the domestic practice, a highlighted target group of this field is the pupils in the upper grades of primary school (Kenderfi, 2019a). In this study, I wish to offer some help for this age group and secondary school pupils (as well as their teachers and parents) by providing an overall picture of the accessibility of the information available on the world wide web and relevant for them. This paper is given special relevance by the fact that owing to the Covid 19 pandemic, the fora (open days, school career orientation days, Nights of professions etc.) that otherwise could provide possibilities of gaining information and experiences personally are cancelled. So we need to rely on the internet…
建筑给排水工程常见施工质量问题及控制措施分析
Authors: 顾 石金
Published: January 2021

随着社会的发展建筑行业也有了很大的进步，建筑功能越来越丰富，也变得更加的舒适，这也导致建筑的给排水工程变得更加的复杂，施工更加困难，要求也变得更高，对于质量的控制更有难度，然后，给排水工程优势建筑工程非常重要的组成部分，如果其施工质量不符合要求的话，就可能出现管线漏水、水压不稳、水质不达标以及水路不畅之类的问题，这就会影响到有关人员的使用，降低了用户的使用体验，同时还会带来一定的经济损失。如今，人们越来越关注建筑给排水的质量问题，这也是对建筑质量评判的重要标准，给排水工程是否达标关系着整体工程能否通过验收。下面，我们就对建筑给排水工程一些比较常见的施工质量问题进行了研究，并在此基础上提出了一些相应的控制方案。
建筑施工现场安全管理措施初探
Authors: 蒋 立国
Published: January 2021

近年来，我国加大了改革开放的力度，从而有效的推动了社会经济水平的显著提升，为各个领域的发展壮大创造了良好的基础。尤其是建筑工程行业的发展更加的迅猛，使得大量的先进理念和技术被加以实践运用，在确保建筑工程施工质量方面起到了积极的辅助作用。但是对近年来的相关信息数据进行综合分析研究我们发现，因为受到多方面因素的影响，所以建筑施工安全事故时有发生，不但对社会和谐发展造成了一定的制约，并且也导致了巨大的经济损失。在这种形势下，人们对建筑施工现场安全管理工作越发的重视，这篇文章主要针对建筑施工现场安全管理工作展开全面深入的研究分析，希望能够对我国建筑工程行业的稳步健康发展有所帮助。
建筑工程管理中全过程造价控制的重要意义探讨
Authors: 郭 明顺
Published: January 2021

近年来，我国加大了经济对外改革开放的力度，从而有效的推动了我国社会经济水平的显著提升，为各个行业的发展壮大带来了诸多的机遇，在这种形势下，建筑工程行业得以飞速的发展壮大。因为建筑工程行业不但与社会稳步和谐发展密切相关，并且也与民众的生活存在一定的关联，所以受到了人们的广泛关注。针对建筑工程造价实施合理的控制是确保整个建筑工程行业能够得到稳步发展的重要基础，并且也是保证建筑施工企业能够获得更加丰厚的经济和社会收益的前提条件。鉴于此，这篇文章主要针对建筑工程管理中全过程造价控制工作展开全面深入的研究分析，希望能够对我国建筑工程行业的持续稳步发展有所帮助。
工程测绘中无人机遥感测绘技术的应用
Authors: 张 昊然
Published: January 2021

近年来，我国社会经济水平得到了显著的提升，从而为科学技术发展创造了良好的基础，使得大量的新型科学技术被人们研发出来，在实践运用中取得了良好的效果。在整个建筑工程领域中，要想从根本上对建筑工程施工质量和施工效率加以保证，那么最为重要的就是需要不断提升工程测绘工作的整体水平，在这种发展形势下，无人机遥感测绘技术应时而生。将这项技术切实的运用到工程测绘工作之中，能够有效的提升测绘工作的效率和测绘结果的准确性，其所具有的最为突出的优越性就是实践操作的灵活性，并且能够实现对工程成本的控制，为整个建筑工程行业的稳步持续发展带来了良好的机遇。这篇文章主要针对工程测绘中无人机遥感技术的实践运用展开全面深入的研究分析，希望能够对我国建筑工程行业的未来良好发展有所帮助。
建筑装饰装修施工质量管理要点及优化对策分析
Authors: 高 宁波
Published: January 2021

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国社会综合国力得到了显著的提升，从而为国内各个邻域的发展壮大创造了良好的基础，在这种形势下，建筑工程行业发展十分的迅猛，在整个建筑工程领域中，装饰装修工程是其中较为重要的一个组成部分，在推动整个建筑工程行业稳步发展方面具有十分重要的助动作用。社会的快速发展使得人们的思想意识发生了巨大的变化，人们对装饰装修工程越发的关注，为了保证整个建筑装饰装修工程质量，最为重要的就是需要充分结合各方面实际情况来落实建筑装饰装修施工质量管理工作，为整个行业的持续健康发展创造良好的基础。当前，由于受到多方面因素的影响，我国并没有制定专门的建筑装饰装修工程施工标准，所以对整个行业的进步发展形成了诸多的限制。各项施工技术缺少良好的规范性指导，最终会导致施工现场混乱的情况发生。
关于建筑工程项目管理中成本控制重点分析
Authors: 屈 婕
Published: January 2021

近年来，在社会快速发展的带动下，使得各个领域都得到了显著的进步发展，与此同时也加剧了各个行业内部的竞争形势。在建筑工程行业中，建筑工程施工单位要想保证自身能够在激烈的竞争中始终处在不败的境地，那么最为重要的就是需要切实的从各个细节入手来不断提升自身的综合实力，尤其是需要对建筑工程项目成本控制工作给予重点关注。建筑工程项目成本控制工作其实质就是借助直接或者是间接的方式方法对工程各项费用支出加以全面的把控，确保各项施工工作能够按照既定的计划按部就班的进行。建筑工程项目成本控制工作充斥在工程各个施工细节之中，对于资金利用效率的提升起到了积极的辅助作用。鉴于此，这篇文章主要针对建筑工程项目管理中成本控制工作展开全面深入的研究分析，希望能够对我国整个建筑工程领域的稳步健康发展有所帮助。
市政公用工程中管道施工技术研究
Authors: 李 柏松
Published: January 2021

改革开放以后我国的社会经济得到了快速的发展，经济水平有了很大的提升，国内的市场变得越来越繁荣，经济的快速发展也加快了我国城镇化发展的进程，越来越多的农村正在变成新型城镇，对地区经济的发展发挥了巨大的作用，成为我国经济发展的重要动力源泉。而为了使城市可以为经济发展作出更大的贡献，就需要加强对城镇建设的规划，建设好各种基础设施，特别是城镇规模不断扩大，人口越来越多，人们的物质水平也在不断提升，也因此对于基础设施的要求也变得更高，为了使这些设施能够满足城市发展、人们生活的需求就必须要加强对其施工质量的控制，而市政管道工程就是非常重要的一项基础设施工程，对于城市的稳定运行有着非常重要的影响，下面我们就对此进行了深入的探讨。
工程造价管理在房屋建筑工程施工中的应用
Authors: 胡 利蓉
Published: January 2021

当前经济持续进步和发展，建筑工程项目也迎来了新的发展机遇，面对激烈的市场竞争建筑企业只有不断优化工程造价管理才能够获得充分地经济效益。对于建筑工程项目来讲，顺利实施工程造价管理工作不仅能够帮助项目实现成本节约，为施工企业节约更多资金，还能够帮助企业提升自身实力让企业更加具备一定的竞争性。基于此，文章首先就房建工程造价管理进行概述，然后分析建筑工程造价管理工作现状，最后就高效开展建筑工程造价管理工作的对策提出几点建议。
浅析BIM正向设计在设计院的发展思路
Authors: 方 坤 , 梁 礼明
Published: January 2021

基于BIM技术在设计院的普及推广，文章主要阐述了BIM正向设计定义，分析了在设计院推广BIM正向设计实施的过程，包括正向设计的优势,推行正向设计的最终目的以及收益，具体研究了开展BIM正向设计的前期准备工作，技术推广的人力资源、设备配置、各专业配合体系，设计流程及提资标准，制图、出图标准等方面，确保进一步推动BIM正向设计在设计院的发展。
接地技术在电子电气设备运行中的应用分析
Authors: 曹 金萍
Published: January 2021

近年来，我国社会综合国力得以全面的提升，为各个领域的良好发展带来了诸多的机遇，推动了科学技术整体水平的显著提升。在新的历史时期中，电子电气设备被大范围的加以运用，并取得了良好的成效，为了能够为社会稳定和谐发展提供良好的辅助作用，还需要我们对相关设备加以优化和创新。将接地技术切实合理的引用到电子电气设备之中，能够对设备稳定运行提供良好的保障，并且还可以起到提升电子电气设备实践运用效果的作用，所以工作人员务必要对接地技术加以全面的掌握，并在实践中进行灵活运用，为电子电气设备能够持续维持在稳定运转的状态创造良好的基础。
水电站水轮发电机组的运行与维护分析
Authors: 张 利彬
Published: January 2021

作为一种清洁能源，水利发电在我国社会经济发展中占据着越来越重要的位置。水轮发电机是组成水电站的主要设备之一，水电站生产效率直接受到水轮发电机组运行状况的影响，只有保证设备正常运转才能确保发电效率，才能满足社会越来越高的用电需求。为此，相关工作人员需要加强维护检查水轮发电机组的运行状况，提高设备运行稳定性，降低发生设备故障的概率。
新时期小型农田水利设施管理模式
Authors: 吴 晓玉
Published: January 2021

我们国家一直在加大农村水利工程的建设工作，而小型农田水利工程则是其中的重要组成部分。相较于大型农田水利工程，其规模、库容以及灌溉面积等是无法企及的，然而在数量分布方面却具有明显的优势。在现阶段，小型农田水利工程能够起到的作用是非常大的，其受重视程度也提高了很多，若想使其功能充分发挥出来，则要完成好管理工作。
自然老化对液态硅橡胶性能的影响
Authors: 陈 巧玲 , 李 壮优 , 于 环
Published: January 2021

硅橡胶以其独特的化学键和结构在电力行业中得到了广泛的应用，但其在实际运行中总是出现一些老化的问题。本研究通过制备一系列液态硅橡胶样片，定期跟踪检测其机械性能和电气性能。试验结果表明：液态硅橡胶具有较好的机械性能和电气性能。
电力计量装置异常原因及检测方法探讨
Authors: 毕 玮潇 , 何 健
Published: January 2021

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国社会综合国力得到了显著的提升，从而为各个领域的发展壮大带来了良好的机遇。无论是社会发展还是民众生活对于电力能源的需求都在不断的增加，这样就对电力生产企业提出了更高的要求。电力计量工作往往都与电力企业的利润密切相关，所以与电力企业的未来发展存在直接的关联，并且电力计量结果的准确性通常也会对电力用户的满意度造成一定的影响。社会发展对电力能源的需求量不断增加，为电力企业的发展给予了诸多帮助，同时也加剧了行业内部的竞争形势。电力企业要想保证自身的持续稳定发展，那么最为重要的就是需要围绕电力计量装置的异常问题展开深入的分析研究，不断提升电力计量装置的运转稳定性和高效性。
新能源并网对电能质量的影响
Authors: 何 健 , 毕 玮潇
Published: January 2021

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国社会综合国力得到了显著的提升，从而为光伏发电技术水平的提升创造了良好的基础。当下我国光伏发电技术已经形成了一个完整的产业系统，适合大范围的加以运用。新能源在并网的时候，往往会对整个发电系统造成诸多影响，集中表现为：电网频率以及谐波的变化，最终会影响到电压的稳定性。一旦发生上述问题，那么必然会对电力生产造成诸多的不良影响。这篇文章主要针对新能源并网与电能质量存在的关联展开全面深入的研究分析，希望能够对我国电力生产行业的稳定发展起到积极的影响作用。
Property as an Object of Theoretical Research: Political Economy and Economic Policy
Authors: Buzgalin Alexandr V.
Published: January 2021

The article reveals the understanding of property in institutionalism and in classical political economy with an emphasis on the Marxist direction of the latter. It is shown that in the works of modern authors belonging to the Post-Soviet School of Critical Marxism – one of the main directions of modern theory of classical political economy in Russia – the specific, concrete historical content of property relations is firstly investigated. This content in the framework of this direction, inheriting the tradition of the “Tsagolovskaya” school of political economy, is connected through the system of production relations of a particular society. It is shown that both private and public forms of property have different socio-economic contents in historically different socio-economic systems – pre-bourgeois, bourgeois, post-capitalist. The author proposes political and economic systematization of patterns of property that are characteristic of the modern stage of economic development, which in the article is defined as late capitalism. These forms include not only different types of private and public property, but also transitional forms that contradictory combine private-capitalist and associated forms of appropriation. It is specially emphasized that public property is not reducible to state property and includes a special type of relationship – “ownership by everybody of everything”, which is characteristic of the sphere of co-creation. It is shown that in certain types of economy, state ownership can hide relations not only of public, but also of private-capitalist appropriation, as well as non-economic coercion. The contradictions of the transformation of property relations under the conditions of late capitalism and the most relevant practical problems associated with this are revealed.The article includes a polemic dialogue of the author with representatives of the institutional direction and the works of George B. Kleiner.
The Influence of Economic and Institutional Factors on the Development of Entrepreneurship in the Regions of Russia
Authors: Pivnitskaya Nataliya A. , Perekhod Sergey A.
Published: January 2021

The article presents an empirical analysis of the impact of the political and economic consequences of financial crises on the development of entrepreneurship in the regions of Russia. Entrepreneurship development contributes to economic growth and can play an important role in stimulating long-term sustainable development, as well as reducing unemployment by creating jobs. The data sample of the study covers the period from 2006 to 2016. Two groups of indicators are considered: institutional and economic. The first group includes indicators of the effectiveness of the judicial system and the level of criminality. The second group includes indicators characterizing the degree of integration of the Russian companies into the global economy. In addition, the indicators of the quality of social infrastructure, the degree of intercompany competition, market density and some others are taken into account. Model assessment is based on the OLS method. This paper shows that the effectiveness of the judicial system in resolving disputes related to non-compliance with contracts and non-payment of debts does not affect the business development in Russia. However, one of the main problems faced by Russian business owners is the high level of corruption. Moreover, the weak diversification of the Russian economy is a key factor in the negative impact of external economic shocks. We found a significant role of factors like the size of the internal regional market and the share of residents connected to the Internet. The latter factor shows that at present information technologies play an important role in modern Russian business, creating additional opportunities for expanding existing businesses as well as creating new ones. We came to the conclusion that the problem of corruption is growing, as a significant barrier to companies entering the market.
System Analysis of Small Business: Structure Heterogeneity and Sustainability
Authors: Egorova Natalia E. , Koroleva Ekaterina A.
Published: January 2021

The article provides system analysis of small business. The paper presents quantitative indicators of the development of the subjects of Russian small business contained in various statistical databases (Rosstat, Federal Tax Service), reveals the incompatibility of the data, which complicates the analysis of the considered sector of the national economy. It is concluded that the scale of development of small business is insufficient, which does not allow for the full implementation of its inherent functions. The necessity of supplementing the quantitative approach with a qualitative analysis of small business as a mesoscale system has been substantiated. The concept of heterogeneity of its structure is introduced, characterized by the presence of a triad of categories (“kids”, “genetic dwarfs”, “transformers”) and a triad of subcategories (“travelers”, “reorganizers”, “imago”) that determine the composition of “transformers”. Their system functions have been studied and it was concluded that the relationship between them, on one hand, determines the systemic stability of small business, and on the other hand, creates a “portrait” of small business in a particular state. Based on the proposed methodological principles, the specificity of the Russian small business model has been formulated, namely that the SME sector is currently not able to be the basis of a market economy, and the model itself is structurally unbalanced. Its distinguishing features include a low share of innovative oriented enterprises comprising “kids” and “dwarfs”, a significant number of small firms working in economic symbiosis with large enterprises, a relatively short life cycle of all categories of small businesses, a high share of imago and retiring due to the loss-making of small enterprises etc. The specifics of the implementation of micro-level development strategies of various categories of small enterprises is the use of credit resources of banks, increasing the stability of their functioning (including increasing their life cycle) have been considered. The necessity of a differentiated approach to the implementation of the mesoscale strategy of state support of small businesses has been substantiated. The conclusion has drawn on the importance of transforming the existing infrastructure to support Russian small business, and in particular – the importance of the role of state aid in times of crisis. Supporting measures for small enterprises in the context of the corona-virus pandemic in Russia and in foreign countries have been considered.
A importância da atualização das ferramentas da qualidade nas metodologias aplicadas na indústria 4.0
Authors: Morais Marcos de Oliveira , Morais Gabriel Alves
Published: January 2021

As revoluções e consequentemente evoluções industriais nos permitem um vasto crescimento acadêmico e organizacional promovendo fomentar discussões sobre diversos assuntos, em princípio na teoria e posteriormente levando-os a prática. Entender estas novas tecnologias passa a ser o grande desafio dos gestores na atualidade onde realizar a interface das ferramentas de gestão já conhecidas e aplicadas adequando aquelas que estão por vir. A metodologia utilizada neste artigo foi a de pesquisa quantitativa que é aquela em que os dados e as evidências coletadas podem ser quantificados e mensurados. O objetivo do trabalho é fomentar a discussão sobre as ferramentas da qualidade na indústria 4.0. Conclui-se que ainda há muito o que se analisar, discutir e aprimorar sobre a aplicação de uma atualização das ferramentas da qualidade no que se diz respeito ao novo mundo das metodologias 4.0, sempre na busca pela maior eficiência e eficácia dos processos produtivos e administrativos nos vários setores, porém como apresentado um tema que deve ser abordado no meio acadêmico e nas empresas.
PENGARUH HIPNOTERAPI TERHADAP PENURUNAN SKALA NYERI DISMENORE.
Authors: Mizam Ari Kurniyanti
Published: January 2021

Dysmenorrhea is pain during menstruation. Symptoms of dysmenorrhea are very typical, namely complaints of abdominal pain or stomach cramps. The management of primary dysmenorrhea pain can be done by non pharmacological. One of the non-pharmacological relaxation techniques is hypnotherapy because hypnotherapy techniques can produce a sense of comfort and can produce endorphin hormones that can suppress pain. Aim : Knowing the effect of hypnotherapy on reducing the primary dysmenorrhea pain scale based on literature studies in the last 6 years.Method :The method used in this literature study is to obtain articles from the search results of scientific research articles from the 2014-2020 period using the Taylor & Francis Group, Sienta, DOAJ, Research Gate, and Google Shcolar data base. As many as 120 articles were obtained which were then carried out by the identification and screening process, so that 10 articles were obtained that match the inclusion criteria, with a pre-experimental research design of 5 articles and a quasi-experimental study of 5 articles. Result: The test results of these journals which state that the p value <0.05 is defined as a significant difference between before the intervention was given and after the intervention was given.Conclusion: The conclusion from this literature review is that there is an effect of hypnotherapy on reducing the pain scale of primary dysmenorrhea. Suggestions for nursing students and nurses, to improve the science of hypnotherapy as part of complementary therapy to overcome dysmenorrhea pain problems.
Bibliography       : 36 literature (2010-2020)
Keywords            : hypnotherapy, primary, dysmenorrhea
Reproductive activity and seasonal variability in the biochemical composition of a pen shell, Atrina maura
Authors: Gómez-Valdez MM , Ocampo L , Carvalho-Saucedo L , Gutiérrez-González JL
Published: January 2021

Atrina maurais a bivalve in the family Pinnidae and is the most important pen shell species fished in Mexico. To date, there is no information on the effects of reproductive activity and environmental variables on the biochemical constituents of the body tissues of this species. To fill this gap, we studied the reproductive cycle ofA. mauramonthly during 2015. Total carbohydrate, lipid, and protein content of the muscle, mantle, gonad, and digestive gland were measured. Sea surface temperature and chlorophyllaconcentration were obtained, and the interannual differences were calculated. The results indicate that warmer temperatures, influenced by El Niño, and food scarcity, influenced by ‘The Blob’ event, affected the reproductive activity ofA. maura. Females exhibited massive oocyte degeneration and shorter reproductive events with intermittent spawning peaks, while males spawned continuously throughout the year but without a maturation stage. The biochemical composition indicates that this population relies on protein metabolism, with no difference between sexes. Temperature had a negative effect on lipid production by the digestive gland in females, while in males, carbohydrate content in the mantle was negatively affected by temperature. Food scarcity was only correlated with lower carbohydrate content in the digestive gland of females. The mantle and the digestive gland exhibited an important role during reproductive activity as a physiological adaptation to unfavorable environmental conditions such as warmer temperatures and food scarcity.
Differences in the reproductive traits of Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis among three fishing grounds in the Sea of Japan
Authors: Ashida H , Okochi Y , Ohshimo S , Sato T , Ishihara Y , Watanabe S , Fujioka K , Furukawa S , Kuwahara T , Hiraoka Y , Tanaka Y
Published: January 2021

Differences in the reproductive traits of Pacific bluefin tunaThunnus orientalis(PBF) in the Sea of Japan (SOJ) were investigated to evaluate the reproductive potential in 3 fishing grounds (i.e. northern, central and southern areas). The size distribution of PBF differed among the fishing grounds, with smaller fish (100-130 cm in fork length, FL) being caught in the central and northern areas of the SOJ. Spawning-capable females were found at sea surface temperatures (SSTs) between 17 and 25°C, with most SSTs >21°C. Seasonal changes in SST differed among the fishing grounds, and the period when SST exceeded 21°C differed in each fishing ground. Spawning-capable females were found at different times among the fishing grounds, and were observed throughout the fishing season in the southern area of the SOJ. The mean ± SD relative batch fecundity was estimated to be 69.8 ± 45.3 and 92.7 ± 43.1 oocytes g-1in the central and southern areas of the SOJ, respectively. The total spawning fraction was 0.2, 0.38 and 0.73 in the northern, central and southern areas of the SOJ, respectively. SST and FL were positively correlated with the batch fecundity. In addition, FL, SST and location affected the probability of occurrence of spawning-capable fish among mature fish. Therefore, the difference in the observed reproductive potential of PBF among fishing grounds in the SOJ can be linked to the differences in seasonal increases in SST and the size distribution of adult fish.
Antarctic cyanobacteria of the genus Pseudanabaena – an example of psychrotolerant microorganisms
Authors: Averina Svetlana G. , Tsvetikova Sofya A. , Poliakova Elena Y. , Velichko Natalia V. , Pinevich Alexander V.
Published: January 2021

This research focuses on the Pseudanabaena genus Antarctic strains, in particular on their ability to grow at low temperature, as well as on their phylogenetic relatedness with other cyanobacteria. Pseudanabaena sp. strains CALU 1773, CALU 1785, CALU 1787 and CALU 1791 were cultured at various temperatures. Culture growth was monitored via cell suspension optical density, and biomass was measured by cell dry weight; additionally, a morphometric analysis was performed. Based on the obtained data, it was concluded that Antarctic Pseudanabaena strains represent psychrotolerant objects (they are able to grow at 20°С although their growth optimum is ˂15°С). At suboptimal temperatures (4°С and 22°С), cells get deformed. Analysis of 16S rRNA sequences of studied strains together with those from GenBank demonstrated a high genetic variability within the genus Pseudanabaena. The studied Antarctic strains formed branch which is distinct from the Arctic psychotolerant strain of Pseudanabaena catenata USMAC16. The obtained data indicate that adaptation to low temperatures could occur in representatives of the genus Pseudanabaena more than once.
Symbiotic chlamydomonads in algological department collection of BIN RAS
Authors: Boldina Olga N. , Chunaev Alexander S.
Published: January 2021

General information on the unialgal strains of green monads, mass-developing in symbiosis with other eukaryotic organisms from North-West Russia, is presented. The selected strains are maintained in the Algological Department of Komarov Botanical Institute RAS. The previous collection acronim LABIK – collection of algae of Laboratory Algology of Komarov Botanical Institute is suggested to remain. Topics on the isolation and strain identification difficulties of algae, living together with other organisms, as well as, their partners relations and perspectives of biotechnological usage are concidered.
Also Intransitive. Mark Fisher's Hauntology
Authors: Gildea Niall
Published: January 2021

This article offers a reading of the version of Jacques Derrida's concept of ‘hauntology’ that is developed by Mark Fisher in his essay collection, Ghosts Of My Life: Writings on Depression, Hauntology and Lost Futures. The article begins by noting some salient genealogical features of Fisher's critique of Derrida, and argues that Fisher's engagement with hauntology prompts an elaboration of Fisher's thinking about Derrida which corresponds to the elaboration in Derrida's thinking which, for Fisher, hauntology marks. But it also goes on to suggest, in a manner that is intended to pay tribute to Fisher's final work, The Weird and the Eerie, that Fisher's engagement with Derrida has a weird performativity, irreducible (as always in Fisher) to mere commentary or exegesis, and having more to do, like the weird, with ‘ things which do not belong together’. Fisher's adoption of ‘hauntology’ is of particular interest because it develops from an earlier hostility to Derrida's work which was of a piece with the position of the Cybernetic Culture Research Unit (CCRU), of which Fisher was a member during its existence at Warwick in the late 1990s/early 2000s. This late, phantasmatic reconciliation between Fisher and Derrida is at once intellectually fertile and undeniably poignant.
MONITORING PERFORMANCE OF THE STRATEGY FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Russian Research Institute of Economics, Politics and Law in Science and Technology, Lapochkina Viktoria , Klypin Andrey , Dolgova Vladislava , Vyunov Sergey
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The list of implementation indicators of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation was formed taking into account its key provisions, and monitoring their dynamics provides an opportunity to demonstrate how the objectives of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, progress in implementing the priorities of scientific and technological development, meeting the objectives of state policy in science and technology and overall results of the Strategy's implementation have been achieved. Achievement of the targets and the implementation indicators of the Strategy will contribute, among other things, to the achievement of national goals and strategic objectives for the development of the Russian Federation, listed in the Decree No. 474 of the President of the Russian Federation dated 21 July 2020 on ensuring the presence of the Russian Federation among the world's ten leading countries in research and development, particularly by creating an effective system of higher education. Monitoring Tools. Monitoring tools are formal logic methods such as classification, analysis, synthesis, deduction and induction. The monitoring was conducted on the basis of data from the statistical reporting forms of the Federal State Statistics Service 2-science, 4-innovation, 2-MP innovation, 1-technology as well as information from open sources. Results. Monitoring of the Strategy implementation indicators for 2017–2019, assessment of the dynamics and achievement of indicator scores at the end of the study period, identification of indicators with positive and negative trends and the factors affecting the achievement of target scores were carried out. A list of government measures for each assessment indicator is provided to achieve the targets for the planning period. Conclusion. The monitoring revealed the ambiguity in the interpretation of some indicators for assessing the implementation of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Advancement of Russia. Recommendations are made to improve the methodology for calculating individual indicators. The research results are of practical importance and can be used to formulate the policy of scientific and technological advancement of the country.
New Technologies to Study Functional Genomics of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Nguyen Tu , Urrutia-Cabrera Daniel , Liou Roxanne Hsiang-Chi , Luu Chi D. , Guymer Robyn , Wong Raymond Ching-Bong
Published: January 2021

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in people over 50 years old in developed countries. Currently, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the genetic factors contributing to AMD, which is critical to identify effective therapeutic targets to improve treatment outcomes for AMD patients. Here we discuss the latest technologies that can facilitate the identification and functional study of putative genes in AMD pathology. We review improved genomic methods to identify novel AMD genes, advances in single cell transcriptomics to profile gene expression in specific retinal cell types, and summarize recent development of in vitro models for studying AMD using induced pluripotent stem cells, organoids and biomaterials, as well as new molecular technologies using CRISPR/Cas that could facilitate functional studies of AMD-associated genes.
Constructing Dynamic Functional Networks via Weighted Regularization and Tensor Low-Rank Approximation for Early Mild Cognitive Impairment Classification
Authors: Jiao Zhuqing , Ji Yixin , Zhang Jiahao , Shi Haifeng , Wang Chuang
Published: January 2021

Brain functional networks constructed via regularization has been widely used in early mild cognitive impairment (eMCI) classification. However, few methods can properly reflect the similarities and differences of functional connections among different people. Most methods ignore some topological attributes, such as connection strength, which may delete strong functional connections in brain functional networks. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel method to construct dynamic functional networks (DFN) based on weighted regularization (WR) and tensor low-rank approximation (TLA), and apply it to identify eMCI subjects from normal subjects. First, we introduce the WR term into the DFN construction and obtain WR-based DFNs (WRDFN). Then, we combine the WRDFNs of all subjects into a third-order tensor for TLA processing, and obtain the DFN based on WR and TLA (WRTDFN) of each subject in the tensor. We calculate the weighted-graph local clustering coefficient of each region in each WRTDFN as the effective feature, and use the t-test for feature selection. Finally, we train a linear support vector machine (SVM) classifier to classify the WRTDFNs of all subjects. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain DFNs with the scale-free property, and that the classification accuracy (ACC), the sensitivity (SEN), the specificity (SPE), and the area under curve (AUC) reach 87.0662% ± 0.3202%, 83.4363% ± 0.5076%, 90.6961% ± 0.3250% and 0.9431 ± 0.0023, respectively. We also achieve the best classification results compared with other comparable methods. This work can effectively improve the classification performance of DFNs constructed by existing methods for eMCI and has certain reference value for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by a Hybrid Hydroxylapatite/Collagen Scaffold
Authors: Mazzoni Elisa , Mazziotta Chiara , Iaquinta Maria Rosa , Lanzillotti Carmen , Fortini Francesca , D’Agostino Antonio , Trevisiol Lorenzo , Nocini Riccardo , Barbanti-Brodano Giovanni , Mescola Andrea , Alessandrini Andrea , Tognon Mauro , Martini Fernanda
Published: January 2021

Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and their derivative enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-hBMSCs were employed to evaluate an innovative hybrid scaffold composed of granular hydroxylapatite and collagen hemostat (Coll/HA). The cellular morphology/cytoskeleton organization and cell viability were investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and AlamarBlue metabolic assay, respectively. The expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin proteins was analyzed by IHC and ELISA, whereas osteogenic genes were investigated by quantitative PCR (Q-PCR). Cell morphology of eGFP-hBMSCs was indistinguishable from that of parental hBMSCs. The cytoskeleton architecture of hBMSCs grown on the scaffold appeared to be well organized, whereas its integrity remained uninfluenced by the scaffold during the time course. Metabolic activity measured in hBMSCs grown on a biomaterial was increased during the experiments, up to day 21 (p < 0.05). The biomaterial induced the matrix mineralization in hBMSCs. The scaffold favored the expression of osteogenic proteins, such as osteocalcin and osteopontin. In hBMSC cultures, the scaffold induced up-regulation in specific genes that are involved in ossification process (BMP2/3, SPP1, SMAD3, and SP7), whereas they showed an up-regulation of MMP9 and MMP10, which play a central role during the skeletal development. hBMSCs were induced to chondrogenic differentiation through up-regulation of COL2A1 gene. Our experiments suggest that the innovative scaffold tested herein provides a good microenvironment for hBMSC adhesion, viability, and osteoinduction. hBMSCs are an excellent in vitro cellular model to assay scaffolds, which can be employed for bone repair and bone tissue engineering.
Biological Evaluation of Acellular Cartilaginous and Dermal Matrixes as Tissue Engineering Scaffolds for Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Wang Yahui , Xu Yong , Zhou Guangdong , Liu Yu , Cao Yilin
Published: January 2021

An acellular matrix (AM) as a kind of natural biomaterial is gaining increasing attention in tissue engineering applications. An acellular cartilaginous matrix (ACM) and acellular dermal matrix (ADM) are two kinds of the most widely used AMs in cartilage tissue engineering. However, there is still debate over which of these AMs achieves optimal cartilage regeneration, especially in immunocompetent large animals. In the current study, we fabricated porous ADM and ACM scaffolds by a freeze-drying method and confirmed that ADM had a larger pore size than ACM. By recolonization with goat auricular chondrocytes and in vitro culture, ADM scaffolds exhibited a higher cell adhesion rate, more homogeneous chondrocyte distribution, and neocartilage formation compared with ACM. Additionally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) indicated that expression of cartilage-related genes, including ACAN, COLIIA1, and SOX9, was significantly higher in the ADM group than the ACM group. Furthermore, after subcutaneous implantation in a goat, histological evaluation showed that ADM achieved more stable and matured cartilage compared with ACM, which was confirmed by quantitative data including the wet weight, volume, and contents of DNA, GAG, total collagen, and collagen II. Additionally, immunological assessment suggested that ADM evoked a low immune response compared with ACM as evidenced by qPCR and immunohistochemical analyses of CD3 and CD68, and TUNEL. Collectively, our results indicate that ADM is a more suitable AM for cartilage regeneration, which can be used for cartilage regeneration in immunocompetent large animals.
Genetic Structure in Populations of Euterpe precatoria Mart. in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Ramos Santiago Linorio Ferreyra , Dequigiovanni Gabriel , Lopes Maria Teresa Gomes , Aguiar Ananda Virginia de , Lopes Ricardo , Veasey Elizabeth Ann , Macêdo Jeferson Luis Vasconcelos de , Alves-Pereira Alessandro , Fraxe Therezinha de Jesus Pinto , Wrege Marcos Silveira , Garcia José Nivaldo
Published: January 2021

Euterpe precatoriais a palm tree belonging to the Arecaceae family, occurring in Western and Central Brazilian Amazonia. Its fruit, which is very appreciated in the Amazon region, produces pulp that is consumed in fresh form. Its production is carried out almost exclusively by extractive farmers. In order to establish adequate strategies to sustain this genetic resource, we need knowledge about the diversity and genetic structure in natural populations. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of geographic distance on genetic structure in the main extractive populations ofE. precatoriain the Brazilian Amazon. Leaves from 377 plants were collected in 19 populations located in 16 municipalities in the State of Amazonas and three in the State of Rondônia. Twelve microsatellite loci were used to genotype the plants. The diversity and genetic structure among populations were estimated. The average number of alleles per locus was 5.97. The observed heterozygosity means (HO) were higher than expected (HE) at the population level (HO= 0.72,HE= 0.66) and fixation index (f= -0.100) was negative. TheFSTvalue (0.1820) and the AMOVA results (Φ= 0.1796) showed population structure. The populations were clustered into three groups (K= 3) in the Bayesian analysis. The Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) confirmed eight clusters, with the populations close to those identified by the Bayesian analysis. The geographic differentiation was confirmed by the groupings obtained in the Structure analysis and the DACP function. Information related to phenotypic, genetic and environmental characterization of populations is important to guide conservation and management strategies and the formulation of public species management policies in Amazonia.
What Drives Life-History Variation in the Livebearing Fish Poeciliopsis prolifica? An Assessment of Multiple Putative Selective Agents
Authors: Roth-Monzón Andrea J. , Belk Mark C. , Zúñiga-Vega J. Jaime , Johnson Jerald B.
Published: January 2021

Life-history traits are directly linked to fitness, and therefore, can be highly adaptive. Livebearers have been used as models for understanding the evolution of life histories due to their wide diversity in these traits. Several different selective pressures, including population density, predation, and resource levels, can shape life-history traits. However, these selective pressures are usually considered independently in livebearers and we lack a clear understanding of how they interact in shaping life-history evolution. Furthermore, selective pressures such as interspecific competition are rarely considered as drivers of life-history evolution in poeciliids. Here we test the simultaneous effects of several potential selective pressures on life-history traits in the livebearing fishPoeciliopsis prolifica.We employ a multi-model inference approach. We focus on four known agents of selection: resource availability, stream velocity, population density, and interspecific competition, and their effect on four life-history traits: reproductive allocation, superfetation, number of embryos, and individual embryo size. We found that models with population density and interspecific competition alone were strongly supported in our data and, hence, indicated that these two factors are the most important selective agents for most life-history traits, except for embryo size. When population density and interspecific competition increase there is an increase in each of the three life-history traits (reproductive allocation, superfetation, and number of embryos). For individual embryo size, we found that all single-agent models were equivalent and it was unclear which selective agent best explained variation. We also found that models that included population density and interspecific competition as direct effects were better supported than those that included them as indirect effects through their influence on resource availability. Our study underscores the importance of interspecific competitive interactions on shaping life-history traits and suggests that these interactions should be considered in future life-history studies.
The Impacts of Urban Manufacturing Agglomeration on the Quality of Water Ecological Environment Downstream of the Three Gorges Dam
Authors: Huang Can , Li Xiao-Fan , You Zhe
Published: January 2021

As an important way to promote economic growth and to improve ecological environment quality, industrial agglomeration strategy has been widely accepted and implemented in various regions of China. In theory, industrial agglomeration is conducive to reducing pollution emissions. However, this needs to be tested in reality. The purpose of this paper is to test the impacts of manufacturing industry agglomeration on the quality of water ecological environment in 17 prefecture-level cities downstream of the Three Gorges Dam. Therefore, a theoretical model was established to test the direct and indirect effects. Empirically, results show that the direct effect of manufacturing agglomeration on the quality of water ecological environment is −0.426, which provides statistical evidence for the important role of manufacturing agglomeration in improving the quality of water ecological environment. The indirect effect of manufacturing agglomeration on ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) is 0.118% through technological innovation, the indirect effect on NH3-N is 0.114% through economic growth, and the indirect effect on NH3-N is 0.254% through industrial structure. Due to the low overall level of the manufacturing industry and its reliance on dirty technologies, the indirect effects of industrial agglomeration are not conducive to improving the quality of the water ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a long-term mechanism to promote the evolution of the regional economy along a path that is conducive to the improvement of the water ecological environment.
Activation of the Complement System in the Lower Genital Tract During Pregnancy and Delivery
Authors: Livson Sivan , Jarva Hanna , Kalliala Ilkka , Lokki A. Inkeri , Heikkinen-Eloranta Jenni , Nieminen Pekka , Meri Seppo
Published: January 2021

Background

Human pregnancy alters profoundly the immune system. The local involvement and mechanisms of activation of the complement system in the cervicovaginal milieu during pregnancy and delivery remain unexplored.

Objectives

To determine whether normal pregnancy and delivery are associated with local activation of complement or changes in the immunoglobulin profile in the cervix.

Study Design

This study was designed to assess IgA, IgG, and complement activation in the cervicovaginal area in three groups of patients: i) 49 pregnant women (week 41+3–42+0) not in active labor, ii) 24 women in active labor (38+4–42+2), and iii) a control group of nonpregnant women (n=23) at child-bearing age. We collected mucosal samples from the lateral fornix of the vagina and external cervix during routine visits and delivery. The Western blot technique was used to detect complement C3 and its activation products. For semiquantitative analysis, the bands of the electrophoresed proteins in gels were digitized on a flatbed photo scanner and analyzed. IgA and IgG were analyzed by Western blotting and quantified by ELISA. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s Multiple Comparison tests were used for statistical comparisons.

Results

A higher abundance but lower activation level of C3 in both the external cervix (P<0.001) and lateral fornix of the vagina (P<0.001) was observed during delivery (58 ± 22, n= 24) in comparison to the groups of nonpregnant (72 ± 13%; mean ± SD, n=23) and pregnant women (78 ± 22%, n=49). Complement activating IgG was detected in higher abundance than IgA in the cervicovaginal secretions of pregnant women. In a small proportion samples also C3-IgG complexes were detected.

Conclusions

Our results reveal an unexpectedly strong activation of the complement system and the presence IgG immunoglobulins in the cervicovaginal area during pregnancy, active labor, and among nonpregnant women. In contrast to the higher amounts of C3 in the cervicovaginal secretions during labor, its activation level was lower. Complement activating IgG was detected in higher concentrations than IgA in the mucosal secretions during pregnancy and labor. Taken together our results imply the presence a locally operating humoral immune system in the cervicovaginal mucosa.
Deuterium Solid State NMR Studies of Intact Bacteria Treated With Antimicrobial Peptides
Authors: Booth Valerie
Published: January 2021

Solid state NMR has been tremendously useful in characterizing the structure and dynamics of model membranes composed of simple lipid mixtures. Model lipid studies employing solid state NMR have included important work revealing how membrane bilayer structure and dynamics are affected by molecules such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). However, solid state NMR need not be applied only to model membranes, but can also be used with living, intact cells. NMR of whole cells holds promise for helping resolve some unsolved mysteries about how bacteria interact with AMPs. This mini-review will focus on recent studies using 2H NMR to study how treatment with AMPs affect membranes in intact bacteria.
Genetic Structure, Function, and Evolution of Capsule Biosynthesis Loci in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Bian Shengzhe , Zeng Wenhong , Li Qiwen , Li Yinghui , Wong Nai-Kei , Jiang Min , Zuo Le , Hu Qinghua , Li Liqiang
Published: January 2021

Capsule-forming extracellular polysaccharides are crucial for bacterial host colonization, invasion, immune evasion, and ultimately pathogenicity. Due to warming ocean waters and human encroachment of coastal ecosystems, Vibrio parahaemolyticus has emerged as a globally important foodborne enteropathogen implicated in acute gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septic shock. Conventionally, the antigenic properties of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, O antigen) and capsular polysaccharide (CPS, K antigen) have provided a basis for serotyping V. parahaemolyticus, whereas disclosure of genetic elements encoding 13 O-serogroups have allowed molecular serotyping methods to be developed. However, the genetic structure of CPS loci for 71 K-serogroups has remained unidentified, limiting progress in understanding its roles in V. parahaemolyticus pathophysiology. In this study, we identified and characterized the genetic structure and their evolutionary relationship of CPS loci of 40 K-serogroups through whole genome sequencing of 443 V. parahaemolyticus strains. We found a distinct pattern of CPS gene cluster across different K-serogroups and expanded its new 3′-border by identifying glpX as a key gene conserved across all K-serogroups. A total of 217 genes involved in CPS biosynthesis were annotated. Functional contents and genetic structure of the 40 K-serogroups were analyzed. Based on inferences from species trees and gene trees, we proposed an evolution model of the CPS gene clusters of 40 K-serogroups. Horizontal gene transfer by recombination from other Vibrio species, gene duplication is likely to play instrumental roles in the evolution of CPS in V. parahaemolyticus. This is the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that a large scale of CPS gene clusters of different K-serogroups in V. parahaemolyticus have been identified and characterized in evolutionary contexts. This work should help advance understanding on the variation of CPS in V. parahaemolyticus and provide a framework for developing diagnostically relevant serotyping methods.
Antimicrobial Activity of Lipopeptide Biosurfactants Against Foodborne Pathogen and Food Spoilage Microorganisms and Their Cytotoxicity
Authors: Kourmentza Konstantina , Gromada Xavier , Michael Nicholas , Degraeve Charlotte , Vanier Gaetan , Ravallec Rozenn , Coutte Francois , Karatzas Kimon Andreas , Jauregi Paula
Published: January 2021

Lipopeptide biosurfactants produced by Bacillus sp. were assessed regarding their antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were found not to be susceptible to these lipopeptides. However, mycosubtilin and mycosubtilin/surfactin mixtures were very active against the filamentous fungi Paecilomyces variotti and Byssochlamys fulva, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1–16 mg/L. They were also active against Candida krusei, MIC = 16–64 mg/L. Moreover it was found that the antifungal activity of these lipopeptides was not affected by differences in isoform composition and/or purity. Furthermore their cytotoxicity tested on two different cell lines mimicking ingestion and detoxification was comparable to those of approved food preservatives such as nisin. Overall, for the first time here mycosubtilin and mycosubtilin/surfactin mixtures were found to have high antifungal activity against food relevant fungi at concentrations lower than their toxicity level hence, suggesting their application for extending the shelf-life of products susceptible to these moulds. In addition combining nisin with mycosubtilin or mycosubtiliin/surfactin mixtures proved to be an effective approach to produce antimicrobials with broader spectrum of action.
Novel Extracellular Electron Transfer Channels in a Gram-Positive Thermophilic Bacterium
Authors: Gavrilov Sergey N. , Zavarzina Daria G. , Elizarov Ivan M. , Tikhonova Tamara V. , Dergousova Natalia I. , Popov Vladimir O. , Lloyd Jonathan R. , Knight David , El-Naggar Mohamed Y. , Pirbadian Sahand , Leung Kar Man , Robb Frank T. , Zakhartsev Maksim V. , Bretschger Orianna , Bonch-Osmolovskaya Elizaveta A.
Published: January 2021

Biogenic transformation of Fe minerals, associated with extracellular electron transfer (EET), allows microorganisms to exploit high-potential refractory electron acceptors for energy generation. EET-capable thermophiles are dominated by hyperthermophilic archaea and Gram-positive bacteria. Information on their EET pathways is sparse. Here, we describe EET channels in the thermophilic Gram-positive bacteriumCarboxydothermus ferrireducensthat drive exoelectrogenesis and rapid conversion of amorphous mineral ferrihydrite to large magnetite crystals. Microscopic studies indicated biocontrolled formation of unusual formicary-like ultrastructure of the magnetite crystals and revealed active colonization of anodes in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) byC. ferrireducens. The internal structure of micron-scale biogenic magnetite crystals is reported for the first time. Genome analysis and expression profiling revealed three constitutivec-type multiheme cytochromes involved in electron exchange with ferrihydrite or an anode, sharing insignificant homology with previously described EET-related cytochromes thus representing novel determinants of EET. Our studies identify these cytochromes as extracellular and reveal potentially novel mechanisms of cell-to-mineral interactions in thermal environments.