bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A spatial landscape scale approach for estimating erosion, water quantity, and quality in response to South Dakota grassland conversion
Authors: Menendez Hector M. , Wuellner Melissa R. , Turner Benjamin L. , Gates Roger N. , Dunn Barry H. , Tedeschi Luis O.
Published: October 2019

Conversion of grassland to cropland has been linked to many complex environmental challenges in natural resource systems. South Dakota is a mosaic of grasslands, wetlands, and cropland that has experienced tremendous land use change over the past 10 years and is expected to continue for the next 50 years. The rate of future conversion may vary greatly depending on economic, policy, and social factors. Land conversion influences cumulative erosion from arable soils which could impact hydrologic flow and water quality. Quantifying future changes for these three externalities is important to understand the possible long‐term consequences of grassland conversion. A system dynamics model was developed to address the dynamic complexity of these natural resource systems by capturing its structure and behavior and was able to adequately replicate historical changes in erosion, discharge, and total suspended solids from 1947 to 2012.

Recommendations for resource managers

Resource managers should apply this tool for problems that require quantitative assessment of environmental consequences to be coupled with economic, policy, and social factors that influence long‐term land‐use change decisions.

The model can be used to evaluate alternative policies and indicate the magnitude of change for three critical environmental factors using different long‐term grassland conversion, climate, and tillage (conservation and conventional) patterns.

Model output of four spatially explicit water‐catchments that span South Dakota from east to west: Big Sioux, James, Bad, and Belle Fourche rivers can be used to quantify differences between unique natural resource systems.

The model is adequate for the purpose of generating forecast for future annual erosion (t·ha−1·year−1), discharge (million cubic meters), and total suspended solids (mg/L) under different potential future grassland conversion rates and should be leveraged by managers to gain insight into future landscape scale consequences of grassland conversion in South Dakota.

Potential for additional natural resource applications.
Evidence of strong gene flow among French populations of the carrot cyst nematode Heterodera carotae
Authors: Esquibet M. , Gautier C. , Piriou C. , Grenier E. , Fournet S. , Montarry J.
Published: October 2019

The recent ban of the most efficient chemical nematicides has left growers without methods for controlling the carrot cyst nematode Heterodera carotae. This phytoparasitic nematode species has a very narrow host range and causes severe crop losses in the main carrot‐growing regions worldwide. The development of alternative means of management of H. carotae is thus essential, and knowledge is required about the adaptive abilities of H. carotae, which mainly depend on gene flow among populations. The goal of this study was to describe the genetic structure of H. carotae populations at the spatial scale of the main infested French carrot‐producing region, i.e. Lower Normandy, and to disentangle the causes of the heterozygote deficit in this polyvoltine species. Microsatellite genotyping of populations collected at both the plant and field scales showed that: (i) the heterozygote deficit is mainly due to substructure; and (ii) there is strong gene flow among populations, leading to low FST and to no clear genetic structure at the spatial scale explored here. Soil transport through both agricultural machinery and the transport of leek seedlings is probably responsible for the very strong H. carotae migration among fields and production areas. Measures should be considered to limit the passive spread of H. carotae.
Is corruption a greater burden for registered MSEs? Evidence from Zambia
Authors: Clarke George R. G.
Published: October 2019

If corrupt bureaucrats target registered firms, then corruption may discourage registration. Using data from a survey of 4,801 micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Zambia, this paper looks at whether corruption is a more or less serious problem for registered MSEs. Consistent with earlier studies, the results suggest registered MSEs are more concerned about corruption than unregistered firms are. The paper also proposes two reasons why corruption might affect registered MSEs differently than it affects unregistered firms. We first suggest that registered firms might meet with government officials more often than unregistered firms, giving corrupt officials more opportunities to demand bribes from them, but we also suggest that registered firms might be less vulnerable when officials demand bribes because they are more able to complain about bribe demands. This could offset registered firms' disadvantage because of more frequent meetings. The evidence supports the first, but not the second, hypothesis. Registered firms were more likely to meet with government officials but were not consistently less likely to pay bribes when they did meet with them.
The response of potato crop to the spatiotemporal variability of soil compaction under centre pivot irrigation system
Authors: Edrris Mohamed K. , Al‐Gaadi Khalid A. , Hassaballa Abdalhaleem A. , Tola ElKamil
Published: October 2019

Precision agriculture techniques were employed to study the impact of the spatiotemporal variations of soil compaction on the performance of potato crop during its various growth stages. The study has been conducted on a 30 ha centre pivot irrigated potato field, located in Wadi Al‐Dawasir area in Saudi Arabia. In situ soil compaction measurements were collected, in conjunction with Sentinel‐2A satellite data, and correlated spatiotemporally against potato crop growth and yield parameters. The univariate and bivariate Moran's function (Moran's I), the linear regression and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques were used to analyse the data and examine the interrelationships. The spatial correlations between the measured variables revealed high clustering, producing Moran's I of 0.87, 0.79 and 0.57 for soil compaction, yield and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), respectively. Compaction‐yield relationship revealed a relatively high significant negative spatial correlation (Moran's I = 0.68). While, the spatial correlation between the average values of compaction and NDVI has negatively produced a Moran's I value of 0.45 (at 0.001 significance level), when 999 permutations were tested for all relationships. A significant positive correlation was observed between high compaction and high proportion of small size tubers, with R2 and P > F values of 0.65 and .0001, respectively. In contrast, a significant negative correlation has been obtained between high compaction and high proportion of large size tubers, with R2 and P > F values of 0.57 and .0001, respectively. Understanding the causes of disparity in the productivity of agricultural fields will help decision‐makers and farmers to take proactive actions towards better agricultural practices.
Detection of HLA‐C*07:27:01 in a Taiwanese individual
Authors: Yang Kuo‐Liang , Lin Py‐Yu
Published: October 2019

One nucleotide replacement in codon 99 of the HLA‐C*07:02:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA‐C*07:27:01.
Did the “Autochthonous” European foreland of Corsica Island (France) experience Alpine subduction?
Authors: Di Rosa Maria , Frassi Chiara , Marroni Michele , Meneghini Francesca , Pandolfi Luca
Published: October 2019

Despite the important role played by the Sardinia‐Corsica block in the reconstruction of the Western Mediterranean geodynamics, the extent of involvement of the “Autochthonous” European margin exposed in Corsica (France) (i.e., Hercynian Corsica) in the Alpine orogeny remains uncertain. Stratigraphic and sedimentological studies in the post‐Variscan deposits on the Hercynian Corsica are scarce and even scarcer are the structural and metamorphic constraints. To face these uncertainties, we present new stratigraphic, structural and metamorphic data from the area of Razzo Bianco, Central Corsica, where a complete sequence belonging to the European continental margin is exposed. Field and structural investigations demonstrate that the sequence represents the easternmost edge of the downgoing European plate. Metamorphic studies on the Eocene deposits indicate that the margin was buried at depth up to blueschist facies conditions and, subsequently, it was progressively exhumed mainly through the activation of oblique top‐to‐the NW shear zones.
Data mining for traffic information
Authors: Clague Michael J. , Urbé Sylvie
Published: October 2019

Modern cell biology is now rich with data acquired at the whole genome and proteome level. We can add value to this data through integration and application of specialist knowledge. To illustrate, we will focus on the SNARE and RAB proteins; key regulators of intracellular fusion specificity and organelle identity. We examine published mass spectrometry data to gain an estimate of protein copy number and organelle distribution in HeLa cells for each family member. We also survey recent global CRISPR/Cas9 screens for essential genes from these families. We highlight instances of co‐essentiality with other genes across a large panel of cell lines that allows for the identification of functionally coherent clusters. Examples of such correlations include RAB10 with the SNARE protein Syntaxin4 (STX4) and RAB7/RAB21 with the WASH and the CCC (COMMD/CCDC22/CCDC93) complexes, both of which are linked to endosomal recycling pathways.
The challenge of personalized cell biology: The example of microvillus inclusion disease
Authors: Goldenring James R.
Published: October 2019

Whole exome sequencing now provides a tool for rapid analysis of patients manifesting congenital diseases. Congenital diarrheal diseases provide a critical example of the challenges of combining identification of genetic mutations responsible for disease with characterization of the cell biological and cell physiological deficits observed in patients. Recent studies exploring the cellular events associated with loss of functional Myosin 5B (MYO5B) have demonstrated the importance of cell biological and physiological analyses to provide a greater understanding of the implications of pathological mutations. Development of enteroids derived from biopsies of patients with complex congenital diarrheal diseases provides a critical resource for evaluation of the cell biological impact of specific monogenic mutations on enterocyte function. The ability to identify putative causative mutations for congenital disease now provides an opportunity to coordinate the efforts of physicians and cell biologists in an effort to provide patients with personalized cell biology analysis to improve patient diagnosis and treatment.
First do no harm: iron loss in whole blood donors
Authors: Sweegers Maike G. , van Kraaij Marian G.J. , van den Hurk Katja
Published: October 2019

Frequent whole blood donations are known to be related to iron deficiency, potentially leading to donor deferral and iron deficiency‐related symptoms. To ensure that blood donation causes no harm to the donor, it is of importance for blood collection centres to gain insight in whole blood donors’ iron status, how that affects donor health and by what means low iron stores in blood donors should be managed. Since haemoglobin levels do not reflect donors’ true iron status, measuring ferritin might be a better way to detect low iron stores. International consensus on an appropriate strategy for iron monitoring is currently lacking. Multiple strategies for iron monitoring of whole blood donors are available, including haemoglobin‐ or ferritin‐guided donation intervals and iron supplementation. Studies from the USA and Denmark showed that on the introduction of ferritin‐guided donation intervals or iron supplementation, deferral percentages for low haemoglobin declined in both male and female donors. However, implementing an iron monitoring strategy may introduce its own challenges in donor management and donor availability. Here, we present the prevalence and determinants of iron deficiency in blood donors and describe subgroups of donors who may be more prone to iron deficiency. Furthermore, we provide an overview of possible strategies for iron monitoring and describe challenges and implications. Possible adverse events associated with iron deficiency in whole blood donors should be further investigated to evaluate the potential harm to the donor. Evidence‐based insight in measures to prevent iron deficiency could help to develop an appropriate iron monitoring strategy.
CT angiographic changes in dogs with acute pancreatitis: A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: French John M. , Twedt David C. , Rao Sangeeta , Marolf Angela J.
Published: October 2019

Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) has recently been shown to be a useful tool in the diagnosis of acute canine pancreatitis, the identification of pancreatic necrosis, and the detection of sequelae. Evidence of pancreatic necrosis on CTA has been shown to be correlated with a poorer outcome in both humans and dogs and early diagnosis and intervention may improve outcomes. In humans, pancreatic necrosis is typically evident on CTA within 48 h of clinical signs, thus, repeat CTA examinations are often performed to identify pancreatic necrosis that may not have been evident on CTA examinations performed early in the course of disease. Published information investigating the timing of CTA examinations and the use of serial CTA in dogs with acute pancreatitis is lacking. In this prospective, longitudinal study, CTA examinations were performed at the time of hospitalization and repeated 3‐5 days later in 11 dogs suffering from acute canine pancreatitis to determine if pancreatic necrosis or sequelae are under diagnosed on examinations performed at the time of hospitalization. Computed tomographic angiography studies were evaluated for changes in pancreatic size, pancreatic contrast enhancement, and peri‐pancreatic tissues and vessels. The only statistically significant difference between the initial and repeat CTA examinations was the improvement of fat stranding on the repeat CTA examinations (P < .045). Based on these results, CTA performed at the time of admission is likely adequate in the diagnosis and evaluation of dogs with acute pancreatitis. Repeat CTA examinations are unlikely to add additional information in the absence of worsening clinical signs.
Characteristics of Hollow Cone Swirl Spray at Various Nozzle Orifice Diameters
Authors: Hussein A. , Hafiz M. , Rashid H. , Halim A. , Wisnoe W. , Kasolang S.
Published: October 2019

An experimental work to investigate the swirl spray characteristics that emanates from hollow–cone and solid–cone spray simplex atomizers is presented. Main objective of the research is to investigate the spray characteristics, i.e. spray breakup length, discharge coefficient and spray cone angle at different nozzle orifice diameter and injection pressure. Discharge coefficient is almost uninfluenced by the operating Reynolds number. This test also reveals that both breakup length and spray cone angle increases as orifice diameter is increased. Higher injection pressure leads to shorter breakup length and wider spray cone angle.
Effects of External Hard Particles on Brake Friction Characteristics During Hard Braking
Authors: Abdul Hamid M. K. , Stachowiak G. W.
Published: October 2019

The effects of external hard particles on the friction coefficients and its oscillation amplitudes during hard braking were investigated. Silica sands of the size between 180 to 355 μm were used during the experiments. The results were compared to the results obtained without the grit particles present in order to determine the change in friction coefficient and the fluctuation of frictional oscillation amplitude. Different sliding speeds were applied and external hard particle of different size is found to significantly affect the friction coefficient and standard deviation of friction oscillation amplitude values. The friction coefficients increase with hard particle due to the rapid changes of the effective contact area and the abrasion mode. Some embedded particles operating in two body abrasion mode help to increase the disc surface roughness and influence the stopping time of the disc. The standard deviation values of friction oscillation amplitude however were stable due to more wear debris produced and get compacted to form friction films assisting friction and they tend to reduce at medium speeds because many contact plateaus and effective contact area started to stabilize.
Corrosion Behaviour of Aluminium Alloy in Palm Oil Methyl Ester (B100)
Authors: Wan Nik W. B. , Syahrullail S. , Rosliza R. , Rahman M. M. , Zulkifli M. F. R.
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study is to determine the corrosion effect of palm oil methyl ester (POME) on aluminium alloy 5083 (AA5083). The static immersion test was carried out at 60°C for 68 days according to ASTM G–31–72. The corrosion analysis was done by using weight loss method and electrochemical test. The result from weight loss method shows the decreasing in weight loss of AA5083 which signifies the ability of POME to reduce corrosion rate. The electrochemical test shows the decreasing in polarization resistance,Rp, while the corrosion current densities, Icorr, increase. The corrosion rate reduces from 2.250mpy to 0.1946mpy. The low concentration of fatty acid C18:2 and high anti oxidant element contributes to the reduction of corrosion rate of AA5083 in POME.
The Influence of Lubricant Viscosoty in Cold Work Forward Extrusion Using Micro–Pits Tool
Authors: Norhayati A. , Maizan S. , Zin H.M. , Wira J. Y. , Wan Nik W. B. , Syahrullail S.
Published: October 2019

The present research concerns on the study of the effects of micro–pits arrays formed on taper die using cold forward plane strain extrusion experiments. Each pit was of reverse pyramids configuration having 330 microns diagonal length. The pits were 860 microns apart each others. Two additive free paraffinic mineral oils with low viscosity (P2) and high viscosity (P3) were used in this experimental work. The experimental results were compared with the results obtained from the plane strain extrusion experimental works with taper die without micro–pits (NA). The experimental results focused on the extrusion load, billet surface roughness and billet grid pattern on inclination slope. From the results, the existence of the micro–pits array on the taper die surface affected the extrusion load. At the same time, the micro–pits array affected the extruded billet surface roughness after the experiments. From this experiment, we could conclude that the micro–pits formed on the taper die (PA) would control the frictional constraint on the taper die compared to those without the micro–pits (NA). However, high viscosity lubricant (P3) was found to cause more effects compared to low viscosity lubricant (P2).
PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA: A REVIEW
Authors: Abdulaziz Hassan , Johar Foziah , Majid Mohammad Rafee , Medugu Nasiru Idris
Published: October 2019

Nigeria like other countries has experienced rapid increase in number and sizes of protected areas in the last century. As a result, a number of policies, agencies and departments were established to ensure proper protection and management of these areas. To ensure management effectiveness, frequent evaluation is necessary. This paper is a review of relevant literatures on protected area management effectiveness and collaboration in management. The findings of the review indicated that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) framework is the most widely used for assessing management effectiveness of protected areas. However, a limitation of the framework is its deficiency to integrate collaboration and motivation. These factors play vital roles in effective management of protected areas through promoting wildlife conservation particularly in developing world. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid framework for evaluating protected area management effectiveness, consisting of the IUCN framework, collaboration and motivation to be used in subsequent assessment of protected areas.
LINEAR ACENES LINKED THIOPHENE, ELECTRONIC AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: PROSPECTS FOR MOLECULAR ORGANIC ELECTRONIC MATERIAL
Authors: Musa A. , Saeed M. A. , Shaari A. , Sahnoun Riadh , Lawal M. , Munir Junaid
Published: October 2019

We report a theoretical study of linear acene (n=1 to 7) linked thiophene properties functionality. The total ground state and band gap energies, Coulomb potential and nuclear repulsion energy are calculated by DFT, MP2 at B3LYP exchange level of the theory and 6-311G* basis set. The results are in good agreement with the experimental and theoretical values. It is found that the total ground state energy of the system and band gap energy decreases with an increasing number of electrons in the rings. The addition of thiophene molecules tends to improve the electronic and chemical properties of the linear acenes, the material exhibit potential application in the organic molecular electronic material.
COMPARISON OF WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENT PERFORMANCE FOR TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIAPHRAGM USING FIBER BRAGG GRATING BASED OPTICAL SENSORS
Authors: Ameen Odai Falah , Hafeedh Younus Marwan , Raja Ibrahim RK , Abdul Rahman Rosly
Published: October 2019

A sensor head incorporating a diaphragm was designed and fabricated for water level measurement. It operates in the range of 0-70 cm column height, equivalent to a pressure in atmospheric pressure of 0-6.86 kPa. The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) was attached on the two types of diaphragm to detect the change in the hydrostatic pressure caused by water at different levels. The diaphragms performance by comparing the sensitivity in within the mentioned range. Optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) was used to record the shift in the Bragg wavelength at different water level. The sensitivity of water level measurement using a silicone rubber diaphragm found to be 9.81 pm/cm for 70 cm in water level, while the sensitivity for polymer plastic diaphragm found to be 2 pm/cm at the same level.
INFLUENCES OF DEPOSITION TIME ON TIO2 THIN FILMS PROPERTIES PREPARED BY CVD TECHNIQUE
Authors: Lias Jais , Shahadan Siti Aishah , A. Rahim Muhammad Suffian , Nayan Nafarizal , Ahmad Mohd. Khairul , Sahdan Mohd. Zainizan
Published: October 2019

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is known as a material with exceptionally good optical, mechanical and thermal properties. An increasing interest has been devoted to the study of TiO2 because of their numerous applications in various industries. In this study, by controlling process parameters, TiO2 thin films were successfully deposited on a glass substrate using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. It has been fabricated using two source materials that are 99.9 % pure titanium and graphite powder at 1000 °C annealing temperature. The deposition time were observed at 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours. The TiO2 thin films properties were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Surface Profilometer (SP) and Current-Voltage (I-V) Measurement Tools. Based on XRD results, the intensity of mixed anatase, rutile, cotunnite type and TiO2 was highest for 3 hours deposition time. AFM images reveal the crystalline morphology with average grain size of 151.662 nm. The band gap energy obtained from UV-Vis as well as thicknesses gained from SP and resistivity acquired from Current-Voltage (I-V) Measurement of deposited TiO2 thin films were increasing with deposition time. It is vice versa for the conductivity of deposited TiO2 thin films that is declining with increasing of deposition time. It can be concluded from the experimental results that the deposition time affects the TiO2 thin films properties.
GAS-LIQUID FLOW DISTRIBUTION UNIFORMITY PARAMETERS IN UPWARD MULTI-PASS COMPACT EVAPORATOR
Authors: Mohamad Razlan Zuradzman , Desa Hazry , Abu Bakar Shahriman , Wan Khairunizam , Ibrahim Ishak , Heng R. , T. Hussain Abadalsalam , Hirota Masafumi , Maruyama Naoki , Nishimura Akira , Hamdan Hisyam
Published: October 2019

The gas-liquid flow distributions in multi-pass upward parallel channels that simulate the evaporator for the automobile air-conditioner system were examined experimentally. In this paper, the attentions are (1) To study the influences of the backpressure condition at the branch outlets and of the flow-inlet condition at the header entrance on the gas-liquid distributions to the branches, (2) To discover the most influenced parameter to the flow distribution uniformity by using design of experiment method. Experiments were conducted in an isothermal air-water flow system. The influence of the backpressure condition on the flow distributions changed depending on the flow-inlet condition. In the stratified-flow inlet, the backpressure condition was highly influential in both the air and water distributions, and the uniform water distribution that was ideal for the evaporators could not be achieved even if air was distributed uniformly to all branches. In the mist-flow inlet, the water distribution was insensitive to the backpressure conditions and its uniformity was improved in comparison with that in the stratified-flow inlet. The flow distribution uniformity for gas phase is influenced mostly by superficial air velocity, and the flow distribution uniformity of liquid phase is mostly influence by 2-way interaction of parameters which are flow pattern and superficial air velocity.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SUPER TWISTING SLIDING MODE CONTROL FOR MACHINE TOOLS
Authors: Heng Chiew Tsung , Jamaludin Zamberi , Bani Hashim Ahmad Yusairi , Rafan Nur Aidawaty , Abdullah Lokman , Salleh Mohd Rizal , Arep@Ariff Hambali
Published: October 2019

High demands of precision on machine tools are hardly cope by using existing classic control algorithms. This paper focuses on the design, analysis and validation of a super twisting sliding mode controller on a single axis direct drive positioning system for improved tracking performances. The second order positioning system parameters were determined using input and output of measured data. Effects of two gain parameters in control algorithm on the quality of the control input and tracking error were analysed experimentally. The gain parameters were selected based on magnitude reduction in chattering during practical application. The performance of tuned super twisting sliding mode controller was compared with a traditional sliding mode controller using sigmoid-like function. Results showed that super twisting sliding mode controller reduced the chattering effect and improved the performance of system in terms of tracking error by 16.5%.
A Femoral Clamp to Reduce Soft Tissue Artifact: Accuracy and Reliability in Measuring Three-Dimensional Knee Kinematics During Gait
Authors: Ding Ziyun , Güdel Manuela , Smith Samuel H. L. , Ademefun Richard A. , Bull Anthony M. J.
Published: October 2019

The accurate measurement of full six degrees-of-freedom (6DOFs) knee joint kinematics is prohibited by soft tissue artifact (STA), which remains the greatest source of error. The purpose of this study was to present and assess a new femoral clamp to reduce STA at the thigh. It was hypothesized that the device can preserve the natural knee joint kinematics pattern and outperform a conventional marker mounted rigid cluster during gait. Six healthy subjects were asked to walk barefoot on level ground with a cluster marker set (cluster gait) followed by a cluster-clamp-merged marker set (clamp gait) and their kinematics was measured using the cluster method in cluster gait and the cluster and clamp methods simultaneously in clamp gait. Two operators performed the gait measurement. A 6DOFs knee joint model was developed to enable comparison with the gold standard knee joint kinematics measured using a dual fluoroscopic imaging technique. One-dimensional (1D) paired t-tests were used to compare the knee joint kinematics waveforms between cluster gait and clamp gait. The accuracy was assessed in terms of the root-mean-square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination, and Bland–Altman plots. Interoperator reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The result showed that the femoral clamp did not change the walking speed and knee joint kinematics waveforms. Additionally, clamp gait reduced the rotation and translation errors in the transverse plane and improved the interoperator reliability when compared to the rigid cluster method, suggesting a more accurate and reliable measurement of knee joint kinematics.
Flow Instabilities in Gas Turbine Chute Seals
Authors: Horwood Joshua T. M. , Hualca Fabian P. , Wilson Mike , Scobie James A. , Sangan Carl M. , Lock Gary D. , Dahlqvist Johan , Fridh Jens
Published: October 2019

The ingress of hot annulus gas into stator–rotor cavities is an important topic to engine designers. Rim-seals reduce the pressurized purge required to protect highly stressed components. This paper describes an experimental and computational study of flow through a turbine chute seal. The computations—which include a 360 deg domain—were undertaken using dlrtrace's time-marching solver. The experiments used a low Reynolds number turbine rig operating with an engine-representative flow structure. The simulations provide an excellent prediction of cavity pressure and swirl, and good overall agreement of sealing effectiveness when compared to experiment. Computation of flow within the chute seal showed strong shear gradients which influence the pressure distribution and secondary-flow field near the blade leading edge. High levels of shear across the rim-seal promote the formation of large-scale structures at the wheel-space periphery; the number and speed of which were measured experimentally and captured, qualitatively and quantitatively, by computations. A comparison of computational domains ranging from 30 deg to 360 deg indicates that steady features of the flow are largely unaffected by sector size. However, differences in large-scale flow structures were pronounced with a 60 deg sector and suggest that modeling an even number of blades in small sector simulations should be avoided.
Prediction of Low-Engine-Order Excitation Due to a Nonsymmetrical Nozzle Ring in a Radial Turbine by Means of the Nonlinear Harmonic Approach
Authors: Kovachev Nikola , Müller Tobias R. , Waldherr Christian U. , Vogt Damian M.
Published: October 2019

Low engine order (LEO) excitation in a turbomachine stage can be induced by nonuniform inflow conditions, manufacturing tolerances, or in-service wear. LEOs are known to excite significant forced response vibration amplitudes that can easily cause high cycle fatigue failure of blades. The accurate prediction of LEO excitation usually requires high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of the full annulus of the machine due to the loss of symmetry leading to excessive computational cost. Previous investigation showed that the aerodynamic excitation stemming from the blade-passing-frequency in a vaned radial inflow turbine can be accurately predicted by using the nonlinear harmonic (NLH) method at highly reduced computational costs. In the current paper, the feasibility of the NLH method for the prediction of LEO excitation due to geometrical asymmetries is investigated for the same test object. An exact digital replica of the nozzle guide ring is created using measured throat width data. NLH simulations resolving different combinations of frequencies and a time-marching calculation are conducted with the new model involving this digital replica. The results show that a NLH model including small number of certain frequencies is able to predict the occurring LEO excitation sufficiently accurate. By comparing results from subsequent forced response analysis with measured vibration amplitudes, a satisfactory agreement was found confirming this conclusion.
Lubrication Characteristics of Water-Lubricated Rubber Bearings With Partial Wear
Authors: Liu Gang , Li Ming
Published: October 2019

Water-lubricated rubber bearings are widely used in the propulsion shafting of military craft and ships. These bearings may wear down after a period of service, and consequently, their lubrication characteristics will change, affecting the operation of the shaft. Hydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of water-lubricated rubber bearings with partial wear at the bottom are studied by finite difference method. The steady-state characteristics of water-lubricated rubber bearings with wear and elastic deformation of rubber liner considered are solved with successive over-relaxation iteration method, and the dynamic characteristics are further calculated with finite perturbation method. The results show that water film thickness and distribution of water film pressure is significantly changed by wear. With the same eccentricity ratio, the maximum water film pressure, load capacity, attitude angle, and friction force are reduced by wear, but the friction coefficient is increased by wear. Under the same load, the minimum water film thickness and the maximum water film pressure are slightly affected by wear, the eccentricity ratio increases with the increase of wear, and the attitude angle and the friction coefficient decrease with the increase of wear. For large eccentricity ratios, the direct stiffness coefficients and direct damping coefficients are decreased by wear. The maximum allowable wear depth is approximately 1/6 of the bearing clearance.
The internal/external debate: The tensions within social work supervision
Authors: Rankine Matt
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION: Supervision is crucial to social workers’ practice. Within the current managerial social services environment, the supervisor juggles organisational and professional accountabilities—organisational agendas often dominate practitioners’ reflection. In response, alternative types of supervision have emerged, one of which is external supervision.METHODS: This paper analyses qualitative discussions with key informants and supervisory dyads in community-based child welfare services regarding reflective practices in supervision. Internal and external supervision arrangements were discussed in depth relative to their impact on social work practice.FINDINGS: Analysis of discussions identified four themes: the significance of external supervision for building capacity, resilience and confidential reflective space; the role of internal supervision for managerial and organisational agendas; tensions associated with external supervision regarding funding and accountability; and important attributes of the supervisor in successful working relationships.CONCLUSIONS: External supervision is essential for professional competence but considerable inter-organisational variation exists in how this is utilised. Three key considerations emerged: accountabilities of external supervisor, supervisee and internal supervisor towards collaborative practice, evaluation and feedback; purchasing of external supervision; and the professional development of external supervisors. Further education connecting the importance of the supervisory relationship to realise critical thinking and practice development is essential for the future of social work.
Professional supervision and professional autonomy
Authors: Karvinen-Niinikoski Synnöve , Beddoe Liz , Ruch Gillian , Tsui Ming-sum
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION: Supervision is a well-established component of practice in the health and social care professions. In recent years, however, relentless changes in the nature of professional roles within these contexts have led to corresponding variations in how professional practice supervision is configured and delivered.METHOD: This article examines how professional supervision and its future are seen by an international group of experts in social work supervision. The evolving perceptions of social work supervision’s role, and the relationship to professional autonomy in the social sphere are explored with reference to the authors’ earlier research.FINDINGS: The tension between supervision as a surveillant tool of management and a practice of critical reflection is acknowledged in literature as posing a threat to one aspect of professional autonomy and agency.IMPLICATIONS: The authors pose an alternative, theoretically grounded, approach based on the traditions of critically reflective supervision to assist the recognition and management of the balance between support and surveillance or managerial organisational dimensions. Meta- theoretical understanding of professional supervision in the frame of human agency will help both practitioners and supervisors to construct sustainable and proactive social work. Instead of despairing about the loss of autonomy, the professionals may go through significant societal and professional transformations as subjects of their own expertise and professional agency.
Cooking Class: Ideology, Identity and the Commodification of New Zealand in Annabel Langbein – The Free Range Cook
Authors: Reid Donald
Published: October 2019

In the past decade reality TV genres, notably lifestyle television and makeover texts have been the focus of considerable academic analysis through a variety of theoretical constructs. On initial viewing, the Freemantle Media series Annabel Langbein – The Free Range Cook adheres to the conventions of a family-orientated cooking/lifestyle program. However this text, like other contemporary examples, accommodates a number of readings. Alongside the now well-versed argument that lifestyle texts function as governance, operating in conjunction with a range of policy and institutional mechanisms in a neoliberal environment in the development of disciplined and self-regulating subjects, the Free Range Cook is equally informed by the phenomenon of nation branding and the quest for authenticity in the simultaneously localized and globalized mediated world. Furthermore I argue that Annabel Langbein – The Free Range Cook is underpinned by neoliberalism as ideology. Here the text, overtly constructed as ‘lifestyle’, represents an idealized aspirational environment where the constant markers of domestic and national familiarity serve as duplicitous features in a touchable but unattainable world.
Void fraction, number density of acoustic cavitation bubbles, and acoustic frequency: A numerical investigation
Authors: Kerboua Kaouther , Hamdaoui Oualid
Published: October 2019

The present paper consists of a numerical study attempting to characterize the bubble population within a sonochemical reactor through modeling and simulating the number density of bubbles and the void fraction. In a first step, both previous parameters were estimated under 1.52 bar and various acoustic frequencies ranging from 20 to 1000 kHz in function of normalized time. The results showed that the average number density of bubbles, varying within the interval 2.8104−1.4 × 1012 bubbles dm−3, follows a clear monotonous evolving trend as the frequency increases, while the average void fraction, comprised between 9.05 × 10−5 and 1.95 × 10−4, demonstrates no dependency of acoustic conditions. In a second step, an energy analysis was performed at microscopic and macroscopic scales, which led the authors to figure out that the evolution of the number density of bubbles in function of acoustic frequency is mainly governed by the energy required to maintain oscillating the single cavitation bubble.
Bone marrow storage and delayed consumption at Middle Pleistocene Qesem Cave, Israel (420 to 200 ka)
Authors: Blasco R. , Rosell J. , Arilla M. , Margalida A. , Villalba D. , Gopher A. , Barkai R.
Published: October 2019

Paleolithic cave dwellers in Israel consumed “canned food” some 400,000 years ago, demonstrating advanced planning skills.
Microglia morphology and proinflammatory signaling in the nucleus accumbens during nicotine withdrawal
Authors: Adeluyi Adewale , Guerin Lindsey , Fisher Miranda L. , Galloway Ashley , Cole Robert D. , Chan Sherine S. L. , Wyatt Michael D. , Davis Shannon W. , Freeman Linnea R. , Ortinski Pavel I. , Turner Jill R.
Published: October 2019

Nearly 80% of smokers attempting to quit fail, but research on microglia may open a new avenue for smoking cessation drugs.
The replication-competent HIV-1 latent reservoir is primarily established near the time of therapy initiation
Authors: Abrahams Melissa-Rose , Joseph Sarah B. , Garrett Nigel , Tyers Lynn , Moeser Matthew , Archin Nancie , Council Olivia D. , Matten David , Zhou Shuntai , Doolabh Deelan , Anthony Colin , Goonetilleke Nilu , Karim Salim Abdool , Margolis David M. , Pond Sergei Kosakovsky , Williamson Carolyn , Swanstrom Ronald
Published: October 2019

Outgrowth virus phylogeny suggests that most of the long-lived, replication-competent HIV-1 reservoir is formed near the time of therapy initiation.
An innate-like Vδ1
+
γδ T cell compartment in the human breast is associated with remission in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Wu Yin , Kyle-Cezar Fernanda , Woolf Richard T. , Naceur-Lombardelli Cristina , Owen Julie , Biswas Dhruva , Lorenc Anna , Vantourout Pierre , Gazinska Patrycja , Grigoriadis Anita , Tutt Andrew , Hayday Adrian
Published: October 2019

An innate-like γδ T cell compartment in healthy human breast is described and shown to correlate with remission in triple-negative breast cancer.
Impact of Chlorine and Chloramine on the Detection and Quantification of Legionella pneumophila and
Mycobacterium
Species
Authors: Donohue Maura J. , Vesper Steve , Mistry Jatin , Donohue Joyce M.
Published: October 2019

The primary purpose of tap water disinfection is to control the presence of microbes. This study evaluated the role of disinfectant choice on the presence at the tap of
L. pneumophila
, its Sg1 serogroup, and three species of mycobacteria in tap water samples collected at points of human exposure at locations across the United States. The study demonstrates that microbial survival varies based on the microbial species, disinfectant, and TClR.
Multiple Introductions of Tomato Pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.
michiganensis
into Iran as Revealed by a Global-Scale Phylogeographic Analysis
Authors: Ansari Maryam , Taghavi S. Mohsen , Hamzehzarghani Habiballah , Valenzuela Miryam , Siri María Ines , Osdaghi Ebrahim
Published: October 2019

Clavibacter michiganensis
subsp.
michiganensis
, the causal agent of tomato bacterial canker disease, is one of the economically important pathogens of solanaceous crops (e.g., eggplant, pepper, and tomato) around the world. The disease occurs in many countries, with a particular importance in regions characterized by high precipitation and humid environmental conditions. As a seed-borne pathogen,
C. michiganensis
subsp
. michiganensis
is included in the A2 (high risk) list of quarantine pathogens by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). Bacterial canker disease was reported for the first time in 1993 in Iran, while the geographic distribution, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic position of the causal agent remain undetermined. In this study, using the multilocus sequence analysis and typing (MLSA/MLST) approach, we provided a phylogeographic scheme for the
C. michiganensis
subsp
. michiganensis
strains isolated in Iran. Furthermore, global-scale phylogenetic analyses led to determination of phylogenetic position of Iranian
C. michiganensis
subsp
. michiganensis
strains among worldwide population of the pathogen. Based on diversity parameters and population structure, we suggest relatively higher genetic diversity of the bacterial canker pathogen in Iran than has so far been observed in the other areas of the world. Results obtained in this study provide a novel insight into the genetic diversity and population structure of the bacterial canker pathogen on a global scale.
PDZ Domain-Containing Protein NHERF-2 Is a Novel Target of Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16) and HPV-18
Authors: Saidu Nathaniel Edward Bennett , Filić Vedrana , Thomas Miranda , Sarabia-Vega Vanessa , Đukić Anamaria , Miljković Frane , Banks Lawrence , Tomaić Vjekoslav
Published: October 2019

This study links HPV-16 and HPV-18 E6 oncoproteins to the modulation of cellular proliferation. The PDZ domain-containing protein NHERF-2 is a tumor suppressor that has been shown to regulate endothelial proliferation; here, we demonstrate that NHERF-2 is targeted by HPV E6 for proteasome-mediated degradation. Interestingly, this indirectly affects p27, cyclin D1, and CDK4 protein levels and, consequently, affects cell proliferation. Hence, this study provides information that will improve our understanding of the molecular basis for HPV E6 function, and it also highlights the importance of the PDZ domain-containing protein NHERF-2 and its tumor-suppressive role in regulating cell proliferation.
Complete Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Reference Strain PAK
Authors: Cain Amy K. , Nolan Laura M. , Sullivan Geraldine J. , Whitchurch Cynthia B. , Filloux Alain , Parkhill Julian
Published: October 2019

We report the complete genome of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strain PAK, a strain which has been instrumental in the study of a range of
P. aeruginosa
virulence and pathogenesis factors and has been used for over 50 years as a laboratory reference strain.
Reporting of offspring data in diabetes, HIV infection and hypertension trials during pregnancy: a systematic review
Authors: Aurich Beate , Martin-Montoya Tania , Zhang Daolun , Jacqz-Aigrain Evelyne
Published: October 2019

Background

Clinical trials are conducted during pregnancy to evaluate benefits and risks of medicines for mother and child. The safety of maternal treatments is a key issue for healthcare professionals and parents.

Objective

To analyse offspring data reported in clinical trials in pregnant women with diabetes, HIV infection or hypertension (three of the most common diseases in women of childbearing potential) and either treated prior to pregnancy for these chronic diseases or diagnosed and treated during pregnancy.

Methods

PubMed and Embase (1 January 1997 to 31 December 2017) were searched for drug trials in pregnant women with diabetes, HIV infection or hypertension. Titles and abstracts were screened, followed by a full-text review of eligible articles. Inclusion criteria were interventional clinical trials in pregnant women treated with medication and full text in English. Trial characteristics, maternal and offspring data were extracted. Data were summarised by disease and study. Twelve key items were considered for the offspring.

Results

Overall, 196 articles reporting 132 clinical trials (diabetes n=55; HIV n=59; hypertension n=18) were included. Key offspring data were frequently not reported, for example, number of births (diabetes: 22/55, 40%; HIV: 14/59, 24%; hypertension: 10/18, 56%). Congenital malformations were often not reported with sufficient detail (diabetes: 40/55, 73%; HIV: 39/59, 66%; hypertension: 17/18, 94%). Similar observations were made for other key items (eg, fetal losses, neonatal deaths).

Conclusion

Under-reporting of key data for the offspring was frequent in publications of clinical trials in pregnant women with diabetes, HIV infection or hypertension making the assessment of the benefit-risk ratio of treatment options during pregnancy difficult.

Trial registration number

CRD42017057024.