bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of some new N-substituted-oxindole derivatives
Authors: Suaad Mohammed Hussain  , Zainab Abdul Zahraa
Published: January 2024

The aim of this research is the synthesis of new heterocyclic derivatives containing 4-oxo-thiazolidines, tetrazol or oxoazetidin ring from oxindole. To obtain these derivatives, oxindole [1] was chosen as the starting material to synthesize -chloro-N-oxindole acetamide [2] which was prepared by two methods. The first method by direct condensation of oxindole with chloroacetylchloride in presence of triethylamine and absolute ethanol as solvent. The second method by reaction of chloroacetylchloride with sodium salt of oxindole. Treatment of -chloro-N-oxindole acetamide [2] with hydrazine hydrate gave -hydrazino-N-(oxindole)acetamide [3] which is the desired chiron. Compound [3] was reacted with different aromatic aldehydes which gave the corresponding Schiff base derivatives [4a-d]. 4-Oxothiazolidines [5a-d], tetrazole [6a-d] and 2-oxoazetidine [7a-d], were obtained from cyclization of Schiff base derivatives [4a-d] using mercaptoacetic acid, sodium azide and chloroacetylchloride respectively. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral methods FTIR, 1H-NMR,and 13C-NMR . Biological activities of prepared compounds were tested against three types of bacteria, which showed promising antibacterial activity of 4-oxothiazolidines [5a, b] and tetrazole [6b].
Prolotherapy, new non-surgical treatment for tempromandibular joint painful clicking and dislocation
Authors: Thaer Hameed Mohsin
Published: January 2024

Purpose prolotherpy is local injection of the affected joint with 5% Dextrose water (suger based solution) to the peri and intra tempromandibular joint( Disc,Ligaments,tendons) to treate the TMJ painfull clicking and chronic dislocation as conservative treatmentMethod:We have selected forty nine patient ,twenty nine of them suffering from painful clicking,and twenty suffering from chronic dislocation , So we started our treatment by giving them 3-5 local injection to the TMJ area, 7-10 days interval between each session with 8 months follow up.Results:The Dextrose injection stimulate formation new collagen fiber , These fibers appear much the same as normal tissue, except that they are thicker and stronger than normal tissue up to 40% this lead to lax tissue (capsule and the ligament) that will become stronger and repair the damage that will occur in these structures also it stimulate present cells and tissues to re-growth and rehabilitation of an important structure such as ligament, cartilage & tendon of the weakened area, it's found that deposition of new collagen as it matures. The Dextrose injection 1- shrinkage the collagen fiber 2-tightens the ligament and tendons 3- strong it.Conclusion: The Dextrose injection formation of new collagen and strengthen and repair of the presented structures in the joint(tendon,ligament, disc and capsule) lead to disappear of the clicking and limit movement of the TMJ more for ward and prevent dislocation.
Study the changing that happen in the concentration of thyroid hormones values in healthy persons of Wasit Province
Authors: Khdayer Tuma Rotha
Published: January 2024

The principal hormones of thyroid gland are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The current study was carried out to investigate the effect of age, gender of Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in normal healthy individuals were measure in healthy subject. Methods: Serum levels of T4, T3 and TSH in 534 normal healthy individuals belonging to different districts to Wasit Province, of deferent parts to the city center alkarama and al Zahra AL-Hai AL-Aziziya AL-Nomania Wasit, Iraq, were examined. Serum T4 , T3 and TSH were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA) method). Results: Levels of T4, T3 and TSH ranged from61 to 051 ηmol/L, 0.6 to 3.1 ηmol/L and 0.3–4.8 μIU/L respectively. The levels of T4 hormones show significant change from the reference values were the other hormones T3 and TSH show slightly changes but not significant that are used in clinical laboratories depend by WHO Conclusion:, It is concluded that the age, gender, all have an appreciable effect on the levels T4, T3 and TSH hormones.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial activity in Some Medicinal Plants were Growth in Karbala Desert
Authors: Ibrahem Salih Abbas  , Muroj Salih Mahdi  , Jawad Kadim Issa
Published: January 2024

Twenty ethanolic extracts of medicinal and wild plants were screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris. Using gar diffusion technique, it was found that Achillea santolina, Teucrium polium, Artemisia Campestris, Alhagimourorum medic, Peganum harmala, Astragalus, Hamosus, and Atriplex hoetensis possess a potent Antibacterial effect.
Use of spores forming bacteria to produce material that have ability to repair cracked concrete effected by environmental conditions
Authors: Amal Abdul Al-Nabi Halob  , Saad Hussain Khudhair  , Suhair Kadim Abid  , Ameena Ghazi Abid  , Rana Fawzi Twafeeq  , Hisham Kadium Auda  , Saana Kawash Maid
Published: January 2024

The aim of project to develop and test specific types of self –healing concrete, these achieved by isolated specific local types of bacteria, and test its ability to repair cracks which found in concrete according to bacterial ability to enhance metabolism for precipitate calcium carbonate and repair the concrete cracks. We obtained four local alkalophilc spore forming isolated bacteria. Self healing ability was tested for isolates , Results show increase in compressive strength values for treated cement sample with AC1 isolate in comparison with other isolates and control .The treated sample with AC1 isolate was increase 9.2% if compared with reference cement mortar ,also we examined the treated cement samples with ESEM (environmental scanning electron microscope).Results indicated that the AC1 isolate showed high variation in comparison with control and other isolates, that the pores and internal space became very few ,also the surfaces were smooth .The isolates were identified and diagnosed as Bacillus subtilis .
Antibacterial effect of phenolic extracts of Plantago lanceolata, Convolvulus arvensis and Euphorbia granulate leaves against human pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Al-Hussainy Ahmed Dhahir Latif , Hassan Ikraim Idbaees  , Saadon Abed Abdul Rhuda
Published: January 2024

Antibacterial effects of phenolic extracts of three medical plants: Plantago lanceolota(Pl.); Convolvulus arvensis(Ca.) and Euphorbia granulate(Eg.) leaves, in different concentrations (5mg/ml, 10mg/ml and 20mg/ml) were carried out as a part of search for new antibacterial substance against important human pathogens. Antibacterial activities were carried out against four human pathogens, two Gram positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis; Staphylococcus aureus and two Gram negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeroginosa; Klebsiella pneumonia. By the standard procedures the zone of inhibition of the extract was compared with different standard antibiotic drugs like: Oxytetracycline, Streptomycin, Gentamycine, chloromphenicol and Ciprofloxacin. Observed results showed that phenolic extracted from three plants in a different concentrations possess effective antibacterial against all tested organisms.
Efficiency of Bell’s Scale for evaluation of antagonistic potential of Trichoderma spp.
Authors: Hanawi Mohammed Juber , Abod Hadi Mahdi , Ali Hamdeia Zair
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of Bell’s parameter for evaluation Trichoderma spp. Antagonistic activity . Six isolates of Trichoderma spp. ( 1 , 14 , 21, 26 , 28 ,32 ) with different antagonistic activities were subjected to antagonistic test against Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid at laboratory conditions . Based on Bell’s Scale isolates 21 , 28 showed the highest antagonistic activity (1.1 ,1.4 ) , isolates 2 and 26 showed moderate antagonistic activity (2.6 , 2.35 ) while isolates 14 , 32 showed the lowest antagonistic activity (3.0 , 3.65) respectively .The same isolates also subjected to greenhouse and field evaluating using Saesame as ahost plant , results revealed that the isolate 28 with highest antagonistic activity in lab. Test (1.4) showed low antagonistic activity at greenhouse and field experiments and the disease severity was o.67 , 0.22 respectively while the isolate 32 which showed lowest antagonistic activity in lab. Test showed high antagonistic activity at greenhouse and field experiments and the disease severity was 0.44 , 0.23 respecttively . This results has been indicated that there is uncompatibility between the results obtained according to Bell’s parameter and that of greenhouse and field evaluation and there is more than one mechanism that play an important role in antagonistic activity of Trichoderma isolates .
Effect of suckling system and some other factors affected in Performance of Local Goats
Authors: Flayieh Khdyer Alwan
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted on 27 goat and 33 kids during 25/11/2006 to the 27/05/2007. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of suckling system and some factors affected in performance of local goats of different Ages . The completely block design (RCBD) within the SAS program was used. Suckling system showed significant effect (P<0.05) on weaning weight with continue suckling (group 1) but it had no effect on body weight at 16 week from kids age. Partial suckling from 7 week (group 3) effect had significant increased in body weight at 21 and 26. Age of dam had significant on body weight at weaning ,16 , 21 and 26 from kids age,. Type of birth had significant effect on body weight at weaning and 16 weeks. Sex of kids had significant (P<0.01)effect on all studied traits
The effect of the conventional and modified subsoilers on the Moisture content in clay soil during sun flower crop growth stages (Helianthus annus L.)
Authors: Al-Mosawi Kawther Aziz Hameed , Bahaa Abdul Jalil Abdul Kareem
Published: January 2024

A filed experiment was conducted at agriculture college research station, Garmit Ali , Basrah university in ( 2014 ) . The soil texture is clay . Three plow types were used namely modifiled subsoiler , conventional subsoiler and moldboard plow . The first two plows (subsoilers) were used at operating depths of 30 , 40 and 50 cm . The moldboard plow was used at operating depth of 25 cm . These plow types were used to study their effect on the Moisture content of the soil in first of the season (T1) middle of the season (T2) and after crop harvesting (T3).The soil properties measurements were taken for different depths, d1 (0-15) , d2(15-30) , d3(30-40) and d4(40-50) cm . The crop used in the experiments was sun flower ( Helianthus annus L.) . The following abbrivations are used for the modified and conventional subsoilers operating depths 30 , 40 , and 50 cm , which are they S1D1 , S1D2 , and S1D3 and S2D1 , S2D2 and S2D3 respectively . For the moldboard plow depth of 25 cm MT is used . The control treatment is given (NT) .The experiments were conducted using R.C.B.D. design for three replicates . The filed was divided into three equal area blocks . Each block was divided into eight experimental units . The experimental parameters were randomly distributed on experimental untis . The crop seeds were planted on 4/4/2014 . The irrigation was added according to the difficiency in the water level of water evaporation basin . The addition of water was 100% of the measured evaporation value with another 20% as leaching requirement . The crop harvesting date was 4/7/2014 .The results showed :The plowing operation reduced The plowing operation significantly readused Pw compared with unplowed soil (NT) . S1D3 gave lower values of Pw while treatments S2D1 and MT gave the highest values of Pw . The operating depth (40) surpassed the other operating depth in giving higher Pw . The planting increased Pw at the middle of the season while Pw decreased at the end of the season .
Molecular and serological diagnosis of Brucella among dairy Women Seller and their Families in Kut city
Authors: Al-Ruaby Khairi Jamiel Wahied
Published: January 2024

Brucella infections (Brucellosis) is a disease that reaches individuals who work directly in contact with animals. The aims of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Brucella species in dairy women seller and their families by Real Time quantitative- qPCR reaction. The study was done in AL-Kut city (Iraq), Serum samples were collected from some women who sell dairy products (hawkers) in city markets and resident in different four villages around city, As in addition their families who live contact with cattle and participated in make the dairy products. One hundred eighty six (30 dairy women seller +156 of their families) Serum samples were collected between July 2015 to November 2015, and the Rose Bengal test (RBT) was performed on each sample.A total of 30 dairy women seller (DWS) were 6 (20%) Brucella seropositive, out of 156 persons (families of dairy women seller) were 44 (28%) Brucella seropositive. All seropositive test by Real Time- PCR reaction, PCR was based on unique genetic loci of B. melitensis and B. abortus. The regions were chosen for the construction of primers and probes for species differentiation: BMEII0466 gene for B. melitensis and Bru-Ab2_0168 gene for B. abortus. Out of (50) Seropositive B. meltitensis was diagnosed in 27(54%) sample , B. abortus in 11(22%). sample . Among the (20) women (6 DWS+14 of their families) were seropositive. The questionnaire showed 10 (50%) of them had aborted and 2 (10%) presented with a stillbirth. Human brucellosis appears to be of public health importance in Iraq and more attention should be drawn on the disease. The current study provides a basis for larger studies to establish the incidence of Brucella infections among rural population in Iraq.
MDM2 gene a mplification in s kin c ancer p atients
Authors: Raghad Abbas Jabbar,  , Kareem Hamed Ghali  , Mohammed Naji Karim
Published: January 2024

Skin cancer: Skin cancer is the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal skin cells; skin cancer is classified into non-melanoma (squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma) and melanoma. Approximately, 90% of skin cancers are caused by ultraviolet radiation, because of ultraviolet radiation emits to damage of skin cells DNA resulting in genetic mutations and formation of skin cancer.

Materials and methods: This study evaluated paraffin blocks from 17 specimen randomly selected from patients with skin cancer, and 6 specimens from patients non cancer patients as control group for comparison .This study was carried out in Laboratories of College of Science, Wasit University and AL Zahraa and ALKarama Teaching Hospitals, from October 2014 to April 2015. In this study MDM2( murine double minute 2) gene amplification was assessed by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) technique.

Results: This study showed that there was no significant difference between skin cancer patients and control group in relation to MDM2 amplification (p>0.05), but presence of highly significant difference between patients of skin cancer and control group in relation to amplification intensity of MDM2 (p<0.05). Moreover, and according to histological type, our finding found significant difference between the types of skin cancer in relation to MDM2 amplification (p<0.05). Additionally, there were significant differences between patients of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma and control group in relation to MDM2 amplification(p<0.05).

Conclusion: We conclude that MDM2 amplification was high in types of skin cancer (BCC and SCC) because of MDM2 amplification in keratocytes of the epidermis may be associated with entry of these cells into the differentiation program.
Mn (II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes with new tetra dentate Schiff base ligand type N4 : synthesis and characterization
Authors: Al-Arkawazi Hayder Dawood Jasim
Published: January 2024

A new complexes of Mn(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) have been synthesized by reaction of the divalent metal salts with a new tetra dentate Schiff base ligand type N4 as donor atoms derivative from 2,4-diketopentane, 1,2-diamino benzene and aniline, (C28H30N4) N,N'-Bis-(1-methyl-3-phenylimino-butylidene)-benzene-1,2-diamine. All these complexes were characterized by the spectroscopic methods (FT.IR, UV-Vis, and Atomic Absorption) and H1NMR for the free ligand and, along with the magnetic susceptibility, melting point and molar conductivity. From all above measurements data, we suggested the tetrahedral geometry around the central metal ions for the all neutral complexes.
The effect of punch profile in deep drawing of dual phase steel
Authors: Ahmed Abdullah Ebraheem  , Bushra Ebraheem Malik
Published: January 2024

From the results of the study found that increasing the radius of the curvature of the nose of the punch increases the contact length between the punch and the blank and increases the height of the produced cup with thinning in the curvature between the base of the cup and its wall. The effect of increasing the radius of the punch’s nose on the drawing load was limited (the load decreases slightly with increasing of R). This work aims to study the effect of the punch’s profile (radius of the curvature of the punch’s nose) in deep drawing process of dual-phase steel.
Synthesis and characterization of the new Tetradentate Schiff base ligand type N4 derived From 4-animoantipyrine,4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, ethylenediamine and furfural, towards Fe(III), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Hg(II) Ions
Authors: Arkawazi Hayder Dawood Jasim
Published: January 2024

Iron(III), Cobalt(II), Cupper(II), Zinc(II) and Mercury(II) complexes have been synthesized by reaction of their chloride salt with a new tetradentate Schiff base ligand type N4: (N1Z,N2Z)-N1-(4-((Z)-4-(dimethylamino)benzylideneamino)-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl 1,2dihydropyrazol-5-ylidene)-N2(4((Z)-furan-2-ylmethyleneamino)-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1,2dihydropyrazol-5-ylidene)ethane1,2–diamine. All the prepared complexes were characterized by the spectroscopic methods (FT.IR, UV-Vis) Atomic Absorption, Magnetic Susceptibility, Melting Point, Elemental Analysis and Molar Conductivity, as well as the H1NMR for the free ligand. According to the resulted data from the above mentioned techniques, the octahedral structure geometry was proposed for Fe(III) complex with the formula [FeLCl2]Cl, and tetrahedral geometry was proposed for the rest with a general formula [ML]Cl2.
Ion-pair extractive spectrophotometric determination of isopropamide iodide in pharmaceutical formulations and environmental wastewater samples using Bromo phenol blue
Authors: Nief Rahman Ahmad
Published: January 2024

A simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of isopropamide iodide in pharmaceutical formulations and environmental wastewater samples. The method was based on the formation of ion-pair between isopropamide iodide and bromophenol blue (BPB). The colored product was extracted into chloroform and measured spectrophotometrically at 600 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2.0-20.0 μg/mL with molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of 3.17 × 104 L /mol. cm and 15.15 ng/.cm2 respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) is better than 1.5. The method was applied successfully to the determination of isopropamide iodide in environmental wastewater samples and in pharmaceutical formulations (tablets).
Composition of paracompact and C-paracompact mappings
Authors: Salim Dawood Mohsen  , Hula Mohammed Salih
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we study composition of certain types of compact mappings namely,paracompact and C-paracompact mappings and we investigate the relationship between these types.
Low temperature epitaxial graphene on 3C-SiC surface induced by carbon evaporation
Authors: Ameer Al-Temimy
Published: January 2024

With the carbon bombardment, the procedure of producing graphene on SiC surfaces is modified. The carbon evaporation influences the dynamical growth of graphene on the hexagonal SiC. The epitaxial graphene induced by carbon evaporation is obtained at lower annealing temperatures of about 950 oC in case of SiC(0001). By this method, we were able to construct a monolayer graphene which is confirmed by low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and angle resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS). On the 3C-SiC surface, zero-layer graphene is obtained at annealing temperatures of about 1000 oC as this evident by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and LEED. Similarly, carbon evaporation on the 3C-SiC surface can be applied in order to get graphene at reduced temperatures.
The protective role of clomiphene citrate against the hormonal disturbances caused by atrazine exposure in adult male rats
Authors: Al-Attabi Mohammad Rajjay Shibil , Mohammed Ali Al-Diwan
Published: January 2024

The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of clomiphene citrate against the hormonal disrubances caused by atrazine exposure. Thirty adult male rats were used, they divided randomly and equally into five groups. The first group serve as a control group orally dosed with distilled water , the rest four groups orally dosed with :- atrazine (ATZ) 50 mg /kg b.w. , ATZ 50 mg /kg b.w, and clomiphene citrate (CC) 0.5 mg / kg b.w. , ATZ 50 mg /kg b.w. and CC 0.6 mg / kg b.w. , ATZ 50 mg /kg and CC 0.7 mg / kg b.w. daily for 30 days. The results showed that atrazine exposure result in significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in serum testosterone, FSH, LH, and adiponectin hormones in atrazine exposed group compared with control group . The protective treatment with 0.6 and 0.7 mg / kg b.w of CC result in significant increase (p≤ 0.05) in serum testosterone, FSH , LH , and adiponectin hormones compared with atrazine exposed group . The response to the dose of 0.5 mg / kg b.w. of CC result in significant increase in serum levels of LH , and adiponectin hormones and non-significantly different from atrazine exposed group in FSH and testosterone serum level . It has been concluded from the present study that clomiphene citrate have a positive effects on serum level of testosterone, FSH , LH , and adiponectin hormones.
ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF CLAMPED R.C SQUARE SLABS WITH CENTRAL SQUARE OPENING UNDER COMBIEND BENDING AND MEMBRANE ACTION
Authors: Al-Gasham Thaar Saud
Published: January 2024

Based on the flow theory of rigid-plastic bodies, a method is developed for assessing the ultimate strength as well as determining the post yield behavior of uniformly loaded R.C square slabs with central square opening which have all edges restrained against rotation and lateral movement . The method takes into account the significant effects of membrane forces which are usually induced in the plane of the slab along sagging and hogging yield lines as the slab deflects. Considering equilibrium and compatibility of the deformed slab element, load-deflections relations are derived starting from the initial compressive membrane action up to tensile membrane and full-depth cracking at large deflection. The solution shows that axially restrained slabs can sustain loads far beyond those predicated by Johansen's yield line theory and the enhancement in load is greatest for thinner slabs having lighter reinforcement and smaller opening. On the basis of an estimated deflection, theoretical ultimate loads are found comparable with those of existing experimental tests. A theoretical study of the maximum yield load reveals a promising saving in reinforcement for using stronger concrete. For an interior square panel with central square opening, such saving in reinforcement could be as high as 48% if the panel is lightly loaded, and 25% for a panel under moderate loads.
On Regular**-Open Separation Axioms In Ideal Topological Space
Authors: Shatha Abd Alruda Attya  , Faik Jameel H. Mayah
Published: January 2024

The concern of this study focuses on constructing a new classes of separation axioms by using the notion of Regular**− open set of ideal topological space. Using the concept of regular-open sets and Regular-local functions with *R-closure operator in an ideal topological space (X, T, I), analogous to the usual separation axioms. A few characteristics and attributes are investigated. Like separation axioms works.
Investigation Effect of 4-Aminophenol as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Sulfuric Acid Medium
Authors: Jawad Kadhim Abaies  , Raheem A. H. Al-Uqaily
Published: January 2024

A high number of organic materials have been studied as inhibitors for corrosion in different conditions. In this paper, the effect of organic chemical (4-Aminophenol) as an inhibitor for mild steel metal corrosion was investigated in presence of sulfuric acid at different temperatures. The study was carried out using three known methods in testing corrosion process, methods of weight loss, thermometric, and polarization. The obtained results showed that when the inhibitor concentration increases, the corrosion rate decreases, and hence, the inhibition efficiency increases. Moreover, when the surface coverage at a temperature of 313 °C with organic inhibitor increases, the corrosion rate decreases as noticed in the weight loss method. For the thermometer method, the inhibitor was examined by temperature. The inhibition efficiency increases, as well as in the anodic and cathodic polarization method, where it is observed that the anodic and cathodic curves are present to measure the corrosion current and corrosion potential. As the higher the concentration of the inhibitor, the lower the current and the corrosion voltage. The reason for the effectiveness of this inhibitor is the presence of amine and phenol organic molecules in its composition, which can form a film on the metal surface and prevent corrosion from taking place.
The dielectric properties of system composed of insulator-conductor materials
Authors: Sharief Abbas Sahi , Mohammed Hussein K. , Muhssen Mohammed G.
Published: January 2024

This study includes investigates the electrical behavior of high density polyethylene (HDPE) having various concentrations of carbon black (C.B.) over a range of frequencies from (100Hz) to (20KHz).Experimental results display that the dielectric constant and a.c. conductivity increase with increasing C.B. concentrations in the samples which have the same thickness but different concentrations, especially in sample (90%HDPE+10%C.B.). The dielectric constant and a.c. conductivity increase with increasing of thickness of samples which have the same concentration of C.B. because the effect of the dipole moment on the sample has large thickness.
Evaluation of Some Biochemical Indices in Chronic Kidney Failure (CKF) Patients in Pre- and Post-Haemodialysis in Wasit Province
Authors: Tamarah Hmed Ahmed  , Asmaa Musaed Salih
Published: January 2024

The present study aimed for evaluation of some biochemical indices (ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, albumin, and uric acid) in pre-haemodialysis and post-haemodialysis, in sera of chronic kidney failure (CKF) patients, to compare their results between them and with control groups. For this purpose, a total of 72 CKF patients as well as 72 healthy people, from both sexes, were submitted for blood samples collection and biochemical indices testing in dialysis unit at Wasit province. From each patient, two blood samples have been drained, the first in pre-haemodialysis period and the second post-haemodialysis period, while the blood samples of healthy people have been used as a control group. The results of pre-haemodialysis were revealed on a noticeable increasing in concentrations of ALT, ALP, and uric acid; with decreasing a totally bilirubin levels if compared with control group, while, the differences in AST and albumin results were not showed. Also, the results of post-dialysis were reported a marked elevation in concentrations of ALT, AST, ALP, and total bilirubin; but they did not detect in albumin and uric acid levels, when compared to control group. In addition, the results of post-haemodialysis, when compared with pre-haemodialysis results, appeared to have an elevation in concentrations of ALT, AST, ALP, and total bilirubine; while, they reported an obvious reduction in uric acid.
HYDROCHEMISTRY AND VALIDITY OF TIGRIS RIVER WATER IN KUT CITY
Authors: Sattar O. Maiws Al-Mayyahi  , Ehssan Ali Abdul Ameer  , Hussein Ali Awad AL-Zamili
Published: January 2024

Ten samples were taken from the Tigris River for five sites before (S.1), during (S.2, S.3 and S.4) and after (S.5) the city of Kut for two seasons. The locations of these samples were geographically determined by GPS, in addition to conducting physical analysis, electrical conductivity, pH and temperature at the site. Chemical analyzers were carried out in the Central Environmental Laboratory in Kut to determine the concentration of cations and anions to determine the validity of the river water for different purposes in the city of Kut. All samples of River water (both for the November, 2017 and February, 2018) do not give any color and odor and low alkalinity and pH value range between (7.23 - 7.55). The Range of TDS value is between (520 - 671) ppm, fresh water (TDS<1000 ppm), and the range of EC value of the River water samples is between (990 to 1086( μs/cm. The (TH) values range between (237 to 345.5) ppm for two seasons, all samples from River water are hard to very hard for two seasons. The results of the analysis of major elements (cations and anions), in the River Water, showed that the predominant ion in the anions are (SO42-) ions and cations is (Ca2+) ion. Comparing the quality of River water with the standards of different uses, shows that water in Tigris River is suitable as drinking, according to IQS (2009). On the basis of Altoviski 1962) classification, the River is good for livestock uses. On the basis of SAR Todd (1980) classification of irrigation water, all the River water samples belong to excellent water class for both periods.
Environmental Effect of Al- Kut Dam on Tigris River Properties Which passed throw Wassit Province-Iraq
Authors: Mahran Muhson Rhadi  , Muhanned Ramzi Nashaat  , Hussain Abdul Minmum Dauod
Published: January 2024

The physical and chemical parameters of Tigris River water at AL- Kut City have been investigated. Five stations at the river were chosen to perform the study. Monthly samples from all stations were collected during the period from January - December 2015. The result of turbidity values showed height in summer reached to 68 NTU, The decrease of turbidity and the total suspended solids was one of the positive results to the effect of AL-Kut Dam on the Tigris River after the dam. The river water was fresh with a good aerated water with height of the dissolved oxygen value has been reached to 81. 2mg/L. Over saturated Oxygen condition was noticed 878.42 mg/L but the biological demand of oxygen with variation in some values. The result of hydrogen ion concentration values on the weak alkaline side. The Higher values of total hardness were recorded 838mg/L, also the Calcium and magnesium were the main cause of hardness. The most alkaline was caused by carbonate and bicarbonate ions the sulphates were increased to 821 mg/L. The phosphate of the surface water in concentration from 0.12- 1.65 mg/L.
Allelopathy of Root exuded of Two Sunflower Cultivars (Helianthus annuus L.) on weed companion
Authors: Ali Kareem
Published: January 2024

Two field experiments were conducted during 2015-2016 in Wasit province, Iraq to test the allelopathic potential of sunflower (Helianthus annuus .L). Two genotypes introduced to Iraq to screened allelopathic of root exuded against weeds in sunflower field. Two sunflower genotypes significantly inhibited total number and biomass of companion weeds and the inhibition is genotype dependent. Genotypes tested Asgria was the most allelopathic cultivars with the reduction in total weed number by 68.6% of control and weed biomass by 61.0% of the control respectively. Flamme was the less allelopathic genotypes comparted Asgria Genotypes , which inhibition in total weed number by 24% and weed biomass by 35.4% respectively of the control respectively. A staircase experiment indicated that root exudates of the Asgria cultivar suppressed weeds more than Flamme giving additional evidence for the superiority of the Asgria cultivar in its allelopathic weed suppression. Chemical analysis indicated the presence of phenols compound in root exudates of both cultivars with a significantly higher amount in the Asgria cultivar (0.403 mg/g) compared to cultivar Flamme( 0.220 mg/g ) and that total phenolic started to increase at 28 day then declined at end season. Chemical analysis on these phenolics by HPLC indicated the presence of several allelochemicals, viz, protocatechuic, , vanillic, syringic, , ferulic and p-coumaric acid.Chromatographic analyses indicated the presence phytotoxins in the root exudes of the tested sunflower genotypes. All the isolated compounds appeared to have different retention times and were identified as phenolic compounds
Detection of Virulence Gene ToxA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated From Otitis Infection
Authors: Alaa Salim Hamzah
Published: January 2024

One hundred fifty swabs were collected from otitis infection to detect toxA gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These samples were cultured on MacConkey agar and blood agar media under sterilization condition and incubated for 18-24 hrs at 37oC. Morphological and biochemical test was carried out to identify P. aeruginosa in these samples , then diagnosis was confirmed with VITEK- 2 Compact system. In all these samples found twenty seven isolates belong to P. aeruginosa (18%).Antibiotic susceptibility test was achieved by select five antibiotics (Ticarcillin 75 μg,Ceftazidime 30μg,Cefotaxime 30μg,Meropenem 10μg,Levofloxacin 5μg) from different groups, all these twenty seven isolates were examined against these antibiotics. The results showed ability of these isolates to resist most antibiotics. Some of these isolates (Q1, Q2, Q5, Q8 and Q11)were resistant against all antibiotics. These five multidrug resistance isolates were selected to detecttox A gene. After extraction of genomeof all these five isolates by specific kit and amplificationoftox A gene by specific primers, all these five isolates were contained toxA gene in about 535 bp in its genetic materials.
Preparation barium titanate piezoceramic using special heat treatment
Authors: Saeed Ghazi Kamal
Published: January 2024

Using special heat treatment to melting barium carbonate (BaCO3) and titanate oxide (TiO2) to prepare piezoceramic type barium titanate (BaTiO3). Barium titanate phase was examined by means of XRD technique after melting, milling, seaving and sample preparation. The structure was perovskite . Physical properties density, capacitance and dielectric constant were measured. From barium titanate preparation we made barium titanate igniter for RBG-7 , and real two experiments done which give good results as a Yougoslavic samples.
EFFECT OF HALOPERIDOL ON SELECTED OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS AND DOPAMINE LEVEL IN RATS BRAIN
Authors: Al-Mayah Jabbar Yehayh , Allawi Atta Gitti , Abdulla Abdul Basit Abdul Samed
Published: January 2024

The present study was conducted to assess the effects of haloperidol (psychiatric drug ) on some oxidative stress parameters (GSH and lipid peroxidation product MDA) and it's relation to the dopamine level in rats' brain.Twenty-four male Sprague- Dawely rats were enrolled in this study. They were randomly separated into three groups, eight rats in each group: Group 1, (normal control group), eight rats were put on normal chow diet for 45 days from which the baseline value of selected parameters were measured. Group 2 (self control group) on distilled water orally administered by stomach tube for 45 days. Group 3 on Haloperidol 1 mg/kg orally administered by stomach tube for 45 days.After decapitation, brain were removed from rats and homogenized from which GSH, MDA, and dopamine levels were measured. This study revealed the following results.1- Administration of haloperidol was highly significant (P value < 0.01) decreased the GSH and dopamine level in rats' brain.2- Administration of haloperidol was highly significant (P value < 0.01) increased the MDA levels in rats' brain.It was concluded that haloperidol is a potent inducer of oxidative stress and highly decreased the levels of dopamine in rats' brain.
Prevelance study of both H. nana and Enterobius vermicularis among primary and secondary school students and people in Basrah Province
Authors: Mustafa Fatin Abd Al-Jabar , Habash Abdul-Hussain
Published: January 2024

The examination of 760 feces samples collected from children of primary and secondary school during the period from January 2004 till June 2004 of center and outside of Basrah province revealed low incidence with Hymenolepis nana 3.9% . The average of ages group was 6 – 17 years old and for both sexes(374 males and 386 females). The direct G.S.E. and flotation methods were used. The present study shows a high significant differences between males and females. High rate of infection was recorded in age group 13 – 16 years old and in crowded families and those who drink tap water and live in mud and blocks made houses. The examination of 174 stool samples of adhesive tape collected from people of some families in Basrah during the period from July 2004 till December 2004 revealed 19.5% of infection with E. vermicularis. The present study includes 101 sample collected from city center and 73 sample from outside of Basrah province . The average of age group was 1 – 40 years old for both sexes (98 males and 76 females). A high infection recorded during the winter months. A high significant was recorded between males and females, moreover high infection was found at school age groups.
Determination of the effective component on hatching media of Echinococcus granulosus eggs
Authors: Al-Hadithi Ismail A. W. , Al-Alousi Muntaha M. H. , Al-Falahi Hameed M.
Published: January 2024

The present study deals with the determination of effective component in the hatching media . it reaveled that there is a large variability in the effects of different solutions on the percentage ofhatching . The hatching index of the different solutions showed that bile was most effective component and respond for 55.3% of hatching . The second factor was sodium bicarbonate ( NaHCO3 ) solution 42.83%, trypsin gave 14.0% of hatching and then the pancreatin which gave10.2% . Each of hydrochloric acid and pepsin solution doesn’t affect the percentage of hatching. The component of Artificial Intestinal Solution ( AIS ) is very important for the completion of hatching process , where the absence of each component resulted in a change of the hatching rate . There were significant differences between the percentage of hatching.
Isolation and Identification of the Parasites of Liza abu and Cyprnus carpio in Al-Shenafya River
Authors: Yassin Aasifa Matroud
Published: January 2024

During the period between April 2008 to March 2009,144 fish from Al-Shinafya river were collected and examined . the result revealed that both kinds of fish were infected with four groups of parasites:Philometra intestinalis,Contracaecum sp,Neoechinorychos rutili and Lernaea cyprinacea . The last one was found on the skin of Cyprnus carpio. Liza abu was infected with parasites for about 47.5% in comparison toCyrnus carpio which was %43.7 throughout the period of study . It was noticed that the highest degree of infection with N .rutili during July was 66.6% as far as Liza abu was concerned. Whereas, Cyprnus carpio was infected with the same parasite nearly 50% throughout April and August. In addition,the two kinds of fish were infected with N.rutili and P. intestinalis about 20% and 25% respectively .The percentage of Cyprnus carpio ś infection with L. cyprinacea was 16.6% throughout September and November.The present study shows that the longer the fish is the more infected with parasites. As such, the male of Liza abu whose length was (1.15-17 cm) registered the highest degree of infection as opposed to the female of Cyprnus which was 66-6% due to its length (1.19 cm and more). The statistic analyses revealed that there was no abstract infection between the two sexes . And that the percentage of infection with parasites increases with the increase of temperature which was 53.8% during July.
Bank Capital Regulation in a Zero Interest Environment
Authors: Döttling Robin
Published: January 2024

How does the zero lower bound on deposit rates (ZLB) affect how banks respond to capital regulation? I study this question in a model in which households value the liquidity services of deposits yet do not accept negative deposit rates. When deposit rates are constrained by the ZLB, tight capital requirements disproportionately hurt franchise values and are therefore less effective in curbing excessive risk taking. The model delivers a novel rationale for "interest-dependent" capital regulation that is optimally laxer when the ZLB binds and tighter when the ZLB is slack but may bind in the future.
Comparing two measurement error–adjustment approaches for assessing the association between choline intake and coronary heart disease incidence among US community-dwelling adults
Authors: Huo Cuiqiong , Luan Yuanyuan , Zoh Roger S. , Miller Nana Gletsu , Carter Stephen J. , Frey Georgia , Lin Hsien-Chang , Bidulescu Aurelian , Loy See Ling , Abdalla Marwah , Tekwe Carmen D.
Published: January 2024

Purpose. Our study compared two measurement error–adjustment approaches, linear mixed-effects approach to measurement-error correction (MEM), and simulation–extrapolation (SIMEX), for assessing the relationship between choline intake and CHD incidence among US community-dwelling adults.Methods. Simulations were conducted to evaluate the performances of five estimation approaches: benchmark analysis, 1-day method, average method (AveMethod), MEM, and SIMEX. Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, we examined the association between choline intake and CHD incidence across different estimation approaches. Results. The MEM and SIMEX approaches effectively adjusted for measurement error–induced biases, with MEM generally superior to SIMEX performance, except when standard deviation of true exposure (σ_X) is larger than standard deviation of random measurement error (σ_U). Analysis of NHANES data revealed that choline intake was significantly and inversely associated with CHD incidence when using the 1-day method (β = -0.39; 95% confidence interval: -0.72, -0.05; odds ratio: 0.68). However, no statistically significant association was identified when using other approaches.Conclusions. Both the MEM and SIMEX adjusted for most measurement error–related biases in our simulation studies, though MEM showed better performance. After adjusting for measurement error, choline intake was not found to be statistically significantly associated with CHD incidence.
Bayesian network modelling of phosphorus pollution in agricultural catchments with high-resolution data
Authors: Negri Camilla , Mellander Per-Erik , Schurch Nicholas , Wade Andrew , Gagkas Zisis , Wardell-Johnson2 Douglas , Adams Kerr , Glendell Miriam
Published: January 2024

A Bayesian Belief Network was developed to simulate phosphorus (P) loss in an Irish agricultural catchment. Septic tanks and farmyards were included to represent all P sources and assess their effect on model performance. Bayesian priors were defined using daily discharge and turbidity, high-resolution soil P data, expert opinion, and literature. Calibration was done against seven years of daily Total Reactive P concentrations. Model performance was assessed using percentage bias, summary statistics, and visually comparing distributions. Bias was within acceptable ranges, the model predicted mean and median P concentrations within the data error, with simulated distributions wider than the observations. Considering the risk of exceeding regulatory standards, predictions showed lower P losses than observations, likely due to simulated distributions being left-skewed. We discuss model advantages and limitations, the benefits of explicitly representing uncertainty, and priorities for data collection to fill knowledge gaps present even in a highly monitored catchment.
The role of phonology in non-native word learning: Evidence from cross-situational statistical learning.
Authors: Ge Yuxin , Monaghan Padraic , Rebuschat Patrick
Published: January 2024

Adults often encounter difficulty perceiving and processing sounds of a second language (L2). In order to acquire word-meaning mappings, learners need to determine what the language-relevant phonological contrasts are in the language. In this study, we examined the influence of phonology on non-native word learning, determining whether the language-relevant phonological contrasts could be acquired by abstracting over multiple experiences, and whether awareness of these contrasts could be related to learning. We trained English- and Mandarin-native speakers with pseudowords via a cross-situational statistical learning task (CSL). Learners were able to acquire the phonological contrasts across multiple situations, but similar-sounding words (i.e., minimal pairs) were harder to acquire, and words that contrast in a non-native suprasegmental feature (i.e., Mandarin lexical tone) were even harder for English-speakers, even with extended exposure. Furthermore, awareness of the non-native phonology was not found to relate to learning.
The impact of doxycycline on human contextual fear memory
Authors: Wehrli Jelena , Xia Yanfang , Abivardi Aslan , Kleim Birgit , Bach Dominik R
Published: January 2024

Previous work identified an attenuating effect of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor doxycycline on fear memory consolidation. This may present a new mechanistic approach for the prevention of trauma-related disorders. However, so far this has only been unambiguously demonstrated in a cued delay fear conditioning paradigm, in which a simple geometric cue predicted a temporally overlapping aversive outcome. This form of learning is mainly amygdala dependent. Psychological trauma often involves the encoding of contextual cues, which putatively necessitates partly different neural circuits including in hippocampus. The role of MMP signalling in the underlying neural pathways in humans is unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of doxycycline on configural fear conditioning in a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial with 100 (50 females) healthy human participants. Our results show that participants successfully learned and retained, after one week, the context-shock association in both groups. We find no group difference in fear memory retention in either of our pre-registered outcome measures, startle eye-blink responses and pupil dilation. Contrary to expectations, we identified elevated fear-potentiated startle in the doxycycline group early in the recall test, com-pared to the placebo group. Our results suggest that doxycycline does not substantially attenuate contextual fear memory. This might limit its potential for clinical application.