bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial or Subantimicrobial Antibiotic Therapy as an Adjunct to the Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Moreno Villagrana Ana Patricia , Gómez Clavel José Francisco
Published: October 2012

The use of antibiotics in nonsurgical periodontal treatment is indicated in cases in which scaling and root planing present important limitations. However, their use is controversial due to the secondary effects associated with them and the disagreements regarding their prescription. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of systemic antibiotics in the management of aggressive and chronic periodontitis. The study was based on a search of randomized, controlled clinical trials. Common data were concentrated and evaluated by means of an analysis of variance (ANOVA), and a meta-analysis of the results was performed. The meta-analysis (, 95% confidence interval, post hoc Bonferroni) determined that the supplementation of nonsurgical periodontal therapy with a systemic antibiotic treatment—amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and metronidazole or subantimicrobial dose doxycycline—provides statistically significant results in patients with aggressive or chronic periodontitis under periodontal treatment, whilst increasing the clinical attachment level of the gingiva and reducing periodontal probing depth.
Model-Free, Occlusion Accommodating Active Contour Tracking
Authors: Ben Salah Mohamed , Mitiche Amar
Published: October 2012

This study investigates tracking in monocular image sequences by a model-free, occlusion accommodating active contour method. The objective functional contains a model-free shape tracking term to constrain the active curve in a frame to have a shape which approximates as closely as possible the shape of the active curve in the preceding frame. It complements a kernel photometric tracking term which constrains the active curve in a frame to enclose an intensity profile that matches as closely as possible the profile within the curve in the preceding frame. This data term is in kernel form so as to forgo image modeling. The method, which is exclusively driven by the curve/level set evolution equations derived from the objective functional Euler-Lagrange conditions, can track several objects independently. Experimental validation includes examples with infrared imaging, occlusion, clutter, and articulated motion.
A Model Simulation for Decreased Left Ventricular Stroke Volume in Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Authors: Goldman Ernesto
Published: October 2012

Background. Increased negative intrathoracic pressures are recognized to exacerbate left ventricular dysfunction in obstructive sleep-disordered breathing. Reportedly left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV) decline appeared greater than predicted by the obstruction alone. Objectives. Whether this effect is more dependent on biventricular elasticity and fluid shifts than on breathing-related transmural pressures could be inferred from a mathematical model simulation. Design. A previously validated cardiopulmonary model in healthy subjects during inspiratory loading was modified by parameter adjustments to fit its ventricular volumes output to published clinical data of decreased LVSV in obstructed breathing. Results. Reduced left ventricular end-diastolic compliance and increased central blood volume from baseline each simulated a 20% drop in LVSV whereas twice as much change was the result of increasing a mere 400 mL to the unstressed volume of systemic veins. An intermediate value was obtained by decreasing right ventricular end-diastolic compliance and higher systemic venous compliance. Conclusions. Simulations encompassing a wide range of decreased stroke volume at comparable intrathoracic pressures suggested a prominent role of decreased myocardial distensibility (possibly coupled to fluid migration) in the stroke volume fall.
Comparison of the Kato-Katz, Wet Mount, and Formol-Ether Concentration Diagnostic Techniques for Intestinal Helminth Infections in Ethiopia
Authors: Endris Mengistu , Tekeste Zinaye , Lemma Wossenseged , Kassu Afework
Published: October 2012

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the operational characteristics (sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV)) of wet mount, formol-ether concentration (FEC), and Kato-Katz techniques for the determination of intestinal parasitic infections. Method. A total of 354 faecal specimens were collected from students in Northwest Ethiopia and screened with Kato-Katz, wet mount, and FEC for the presence of intestinal parasitic infection. Since a gold standard test is not available for detection of intestinal parasites, the combined results from the three methods were used as diagnostic gold standard. Result. The prevalences of intestinal parasites using the single wet mount, FEC, and Kato-Katz thick smear techniques were 38.4%, 57.1%, and 59%, respectively. Taking the combined results of three techniques as a standard test for intestinal parasitic infection, the sensitivity and negative predictive value of Kato-Katz is 81.0% (confidence interval (CI) = 0.793–0.810) and 66.2% (CI = 0.63–0.622), respectively. The FEC detected 56 negative samples that were positive by the gold standard, indicating 78.3% (CI = 0.766–0.783) and 63.2% (CI = 0.603–63) sensitivity and NPV, respectively. Furthermore, Kato-Katz detects 113 cases that were negative by a single wet mount. The κ agreement between the wet mount and Kato-Katz methods for the diagnosis of Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm was substantial (κ=0.61 for Ascaris lumbricoides, κ=0.65 for hookworm).
Estimating electrical properties and the thickness of skin with electrical impedance spectroscopy: Mathematical analysis and measurements
Authors: Birgersson U. , Birgersson E. , Ollmar S.
Published: October 2012

Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) allows for the study and characterization of tissue alterations and properties associated with the skin. Here, the potential application of EIS to estimate the thickness of the stratum corneum is explored in the form of a mathematical model for EIS, which is analyzed in the limit of 1 kHz and closed-form analytical solutions derived. These analytical expressions are verified with the numerical solution of the full set of equations and validated with an EIS study comprising 120 subjects: overall, good agreement is found in the frequency range 1-100 kHz, where the impedance is governed by the stratum corneum. Combining the closed-form expression for the thickness of the stratum corneum predicted by the model with the experimental EIS measurements, a distribution for the stratum corneum thickness of the subjects is found with a mean and standard deviation that agree well with reported stratum corneum thicknesses from other experimental techniques. This, in turn, suggests that EIS could be employed to measure the thickness of the stratum corneum with reasonable accuracy. In addition, the electrical properties relevant to EIS – conductivity and relative permittivity – of the stratum corneum can be estimated with the closed form expressions if the stratum corneum thickness is known.
Neurostimulation—Past, Present, and Beyond
Authors: Ben-Menachem Elinor
Published: October 2012

Neurostimulation as a treatment for epilepsy has been around for almost 20 years in the form of vagus nerve stimulation. Newer types of neurostimulation are being developed and stand on the brink of approval for use. The two newest therapies, not yet approved in the United States, are deep brain stimulation and the Responsive Neurostimulator System. In fact, in Europe, approval has already been given for deep brain stimulation and newer forms of vagus nerve stimulation. Efficacy is similar between these therapies, and side effects are moderate, so what will be the future? The challenge will be to learn how to use these therapies correctly and offer the right treatment for the right patient.
Preconcentration and Determination of Aromatic Amines with Temperature-Controlled Ionic Liquid Dispersive Liquid Phase Microextraction in Combination with High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Zhou Qingxiang , Gao Yuantuan , Xiao Junping , Xie Guohong
Published: October 2012

This paper reports a new method for the determination of aromatic amines with temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction in combination with HPLC and results of investigation of the influence of anions in ionic liquids on the extraction performance. In these experiments, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8MIM][PF6]), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ([C8MIM][NTf2]), and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C8MIM][BF4]) were used as the extraction solvents for the investigation of the effect of anions in ionic liquids. Other parameters affecting the microextraction performance were also investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed method had good linearity over the concentration ranges of 1.0–100 μg/L for 2, 4-dimethylaniline, 2-chloroanline, and N,N-dimethylaniline, and 1.5–150 μg/L for N,N-dimethylaniline and alpha-naphthylamine, with excellent correlation coefficients (R2 ≥ 0.999), excellent detection sensitivity with LODs (S/N = 3) in the range of 0.39–0.63 μg/L, and precision in the range of 3.2–5.4% RSD (n = 6). Real water samples were analyzed with the established method, and good spike recoveries in the range of 86.3 to 98.9% were obtained. These results indicated that this method would be useful in the routine analysis of such pollutants.
The Interlaboratory Performance of Microbiological Methods for Food Analysis
Authors: Ellison Stephen L R , Key Pauline , Wood Roger
Published: October 2012

Repeatability and reproducibility data for microbiological methods in food analysis were collated and assessed with a view to identifying useful or important trends. Generalized additive modeling for location, shape, and scale was used to model the distribution of variances. It was found that mean reproducibility for log10 (CFU) data is largely independent of concentration, while repeatability SD of log10 (CFU) data shows a strongly significant decrease in repeatability SD with increasing enumeration. The model for reproducibility SD gave a mean of 0.44, with an upper 95th percentile of approximately 0.76. Repeatability variance could be described reasonably well by a simple dichotomous model; at enumerations below 105/g, the model for repeatability SD gave a mean of approximately 0.35 and upper 95th percentile of 0.63. Above 105/g, the model gave a mean of 0.2 and upper 95th percentile of 0.36. A Horwitz-like function showed no appreciable advantage in describing the data set and gave apparently worse fit. The relationship between repeatability and reproducibility of log10 (CFU) is not constant across the concentration range studied. Both repeatability and reproducibility were found to depend on matrix class and organism.
Quantitative Determination of Alkaloids from Roots of Hydrastis canadensis L. and Dietary Supplements Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection
Authors: Avula Bharathi , Wang Yan-Hong , Khan Ikhlas A
Published: October 2012

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with UV detection was used for the quantification of alkaloids from roots of Hydrastis canadensis L. (goldenseal) and dietary supplements claiming to contain goldenseal. The analysis was performed on a Waters Acquity UPLC system with an Acquity UPLC BEH Shield RP18 column using gradient elution with ammonium formate and acetonitrile containing formic acid. The chromatographic run time was less than 6 min. The detection wavelength used for β-hydrastine and canadine was 290 nm; for hydrastinine, coptisine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, and berberine, it was 344 nm. A total of five different extraction solvents, including 100% methanol, 90% methanol, 90% methanol + 1% acetic acid, 90% acetonitrile + 0.1% phosphoric acid, and 100% acetonitrile, were tested for recovery of the major compounds. The samples extracted with the 90% methanol + 1% acetic acid displayed the best recovery (>97%). The analytical method was validated for linearity, repeatability, LOD, and LOQ. The RSDs for intraday and interday experiments were less than 3.5%, and the recovery was 98–103%. UPLC/MS with a quadrupole mass analyzer and electrospray ionization source was used to confirm the identity of seven alkaloids. The analytical method was successfully applied to confirm the identification of seven alkaloids from the roots of H. canadensis, dietary supplements that claimed to contain goldenseal, and possible adulterant species.
On the Use of the Horwitz Ratio (HorRat) as an Acceptance Criterion for Dietary Fiber Collaborative Studies
Authors: Wehling Paul , DeVries Jonathan W
Published: October 2012

The quest for optimum methodology for any analyte often includes a study of the method in multiple independent laboratories. Evaluation of the results of these studies is typically subjective; however, various attempts have been made to increase the objectivity of the evaluation. Among the objective propositions is the use of the Horwitz Ratio (HorRat) as applied to collaborative study statistics. A historical review of fiber method validation studies performed since 1940 shows that the Horwitz curve does not effectively predict the results of dietary fiber collaborative studies, either retrospectively or prospectively. Consequently, use of the HorRat as a criterion for accepting or rejecting dietary fiber methods is contraindicated. An alternative, objective statistical approach is proposed that may also apply to collaborative studies of other empirical analytical methods in general.
QuickTox™ Kit for QuickScan Aflatoxin
Authors: Bailey Cheryl , Davis Alan H
Published: October 2012

The QuickTox Kit for QuickScan Aflatoxin uses lateral flow technology and a reader-based system for quantitative determination of total aflatoxins. The performance of this assay was examined using corn samples naturally contaminated with aflatoxins in internal and independent laboratory evaluations and was judged against previously established acceptance criteria. Performance was evaluated for linearity, selectivity, matrix, robustness, and stability experiments. All data points in these studies fell within the ranges defined in the acceptance criteria. The assay exhibits linear dose response over the range tested, 0–100 ppb, with R2 values exceeding 0.98. RSDr values for results ranged from 4.7 to 17.7% across all tested levels. The four major aflatoxin types in corn are detected in the assay, with highest sensitivity for the most prevalent type, B1. Assay results are unaffected by the presence of other common mycotoxins. Robustness studies co-varied assay timing (–20%, 60% compared to the standard assay), temperature (18–30°C), and sample volume (±20% compared to the standard assay). Judged against the acceptance criteria, results were unaffected by these changes. The QuickTox Kit for QuickScan Aflatoxin assay is a user-friendly and reliable method for determination of total aflatoxins.
On the Spectral Expansions Connected with Schrödinger’s Operator of Continuous Functions in a Closed Domain
Authors: Abdumalik A. Rakhimov  , Kamran Zakaria  , Nazir Ali Khan
Published: October 2012

Present paper is devoted to study of uniformly convergence of spectral expansions in a closed domain. We consider here as a spectral expansions eigenfunction expansions connected with one Schrodinger’s operator with singular potential in two dimensional domains with smooth boundary.
Cartographier la terre des païens : la géographie des missionnaires jésuites en Nouvelle-France au xviie siècle
Authors: Palomino Jean-François
Published: October 2012

La conversion des « sauvages » fut l’une des plus importantes motivations à la base des voyages de découverte en Amérique du Nord. Très souvent formés dans les meilleurs collèges d’Europe, où ils ont apprivoisé les sciences théoriques et expérimentales de leur époque, les missionnaires jésuites ne sont pas seulement prêcheurs mais également explorateurs, ethnographes, astronomes et botanistes, sachant interroger l’autochtone, observer les astres et prendre les mesures nécessaires pour cartographier la terre des païens. Par divers exemples puisés à même les multiples lettres écrites en Amérique, l’article démontre que les Jésuites firent un usage relativement important de la cartographie et des savoirs connexes, non seulement pour véhiculer et consigner des connaissances mais aussi pour obtenir le soutien du pouvoir royal et pour propager le catholicisme parmi les autochtones. Utilisés comme outils pédagogiques, les cartes et les globes appuyaient la rhétorique des missionnaires, leur conférant à la fois prestige et crédibilité.
De l’armée au séminaire : l’itinéraire et l’oeuvre de Pierre Collas, migrant éphémère en Nouvelle-France (1698-1703)
Authors: Guillorel Éva
Published: October 2012

Pierre Collas fait partie des nombreux migrants éphémères qui ont contribué au développement de la Nouvelle-France, mais dont la mobilité et l’absence d’ancrage dans la société coloniale expliquent la rareté des traces laissées dans les archives. Une enquête minutieuse menée dans les sources manuscrites conservées dans les dépôts français et québécois permet toutefois de retracer assez précisément le parcours mouvementé de cet homme méconnu. Entre 1698 et 1703, Pierre Collas est tour à tour soldat, séminariste et chirurgien de navire en Nouvelle-France. Il est ainsi le témoin des transformations de la vie civile, militaire et religieuse à une période-clé de l’évolution de la colonie. Son itinéraire, à première vue atypique, rejoint partiellement celui de nombreux migrants non permanents. Reconstituer son parcours permet ainsi, plus largement, de documenter toute une catégorie de population qui apparaît rarement dans les sources archivistiques. En outre, Pierre Collas a composé un manuscrit de cantiques à l’intention des élèves du Petit Séminaire de Québec, témoignage tout à fait original sur la perception de cette institution éducative par l’un de ses pensionnaires, et dont la réalisation même est remarquable dans le contexte d’une industrie du livre dépourvue d’imprimerie sous le Régime français.
Qui donc est l’architecte de l’église Saint-Patrice de Rivière-du-Loup ?
Authors: Michaud Josette
Published: October 2012

La paroisse Saint-Patrice de Rivière-du-Loup conserve dans ses archives plusieurs dessins de son église néogothique, tracés sur carton par ses architectes successifs. Certains dessins sont anonymes, certains sont signés Charles Baillairgé, d’autres Napoléon Bourassa, d’autres encore David Ouellet, et pourtant, une bonne partie des honoraires ont été payés à François-Xavier Berlinguet. Plusieurs questions surgissent : le décor conçu par Baillairgé a-t-il jamais été réalisé ? Pourquoi les dessins de Bourassa pour le décor sont-ils datés d’avant l’incendie de 1883 ? Dans quel état Ouellet a-t-il trouvé l’église en 1883 ? En quoi le projet de reconstruction de Ouellet diffère-t-il du projet de Baillairgé ? Les réponses à ces questions se trouvent dans différents fonds d’archives au Québec. L’article montre que la construction de l’église Saint-Patrice s’est faite par interventions successives et que l’étude comparative des dessins, des photographies, des devis et des contrats permet de distinguer les interventions respectives de chacun des architectes. Il montre aussi qu’il est nécessaire d’établir des ponts entre les différents fonds d’archives pour documenter l’ensemble d’une oeuvre architecturale. Enfin, il donne un aperçu de l’ampleur des richesses iconographiques des paroisses du Québec tout en sonnant l’alarme quant à leur état de conservation et au risque de perdre la trace de nombreux documents au cours des prochaines décennies.
Magog’s Church of Sainte-Marguerite-Marie and the Architectural Dynamics Between Two of Québec’s Founding Institutions During the Twentieth Century: The Roman Catholic Church and the Corporate Industrial Manufactory
Authors: Beaudoin Caroline
Published: October 2012

This case study conducts a spatial and visual analysis of Magog’s church of Sainte-Marguerite-Marie, located in the Eastern Townships of Québec, based on the plans designed by Sherbrooke architect Joseph Aimé Poulin between 1946 and 1949. The working class community’s social history will be considered in terms of the factory workers’ collective commitment to build a rare and exceptional church in the shadow of the Dominion Textile Company’s imposing factory. The intent is to illustrate how the relative monumentality of the church and its streamlined design respond to the factory both directly and indirectly. The building is not only a product of the architect’s creative vision and technical logic and skill; his clients’, the factory workers’, expectations and motivations merit significant consideration as well. The professional climate of religious architecture during the period also deserves attention, as does the environment within which the building was inserted, and how that building responded to its existing surrounding urban landscape. Finally, this essay presents the church’s architecture as a rather extra-ordinary example of the modern design influence inserted into an otherwise marginalized neighbourhood historically rooted in traditional values, practices and beliefs, positioned at the crossroads between the textile industry and the Roman Catholic Church.
« Il y a des choses qu’une personne cultivée ne peut ignorer » – Le Bulletin de la Société d’étude et de conférences (1951-1967) : sa genèse, ses actrices et son contenu
Authors: St-Laurent Fanie
Published: October 2012

La Société d’étude et de conférences, fondée à Montréal en 1933, est un regroupement féminin à l’origine de plusieurs manifestations littéraires et culturelles du milieu du xx e siècle au Québec. Privilégiant l’étude et la recherche en cercles d’une douzaine de femmes, elle invite aussi, entre 1933 et 1967, au-delà de 500 conférenciers reconnus, dont les Français Pierre Emmanuel et Jean-Paul Sartre ainsi que les Québécois Paul-Émile Borduas et René Lévesque. De 1951 à 1967, le regroupement fait paraître son Bulletin, qui propose des textes des membres et des conférenciers invités. Au sommaire, il est question de littérature, d’histoire, de critique et d’actualités littéraires et culturelles. Il s’agit d’un organe d’information, certes, mais surtout d’un lien tangible entre les membres. Pour la Société d’étude et de conférences, le Bulletin est une nouvelle façon, après les recherches personnelles, les conférences et le concours littéraire, de réfléchir et de partager des connaissances. Oublié des chercheurs, le Bulletin de la Société d’étude et de conférences mérite d’être analysé pour comprendre chacune des étapes qui ont mené les femmes à occuper l’espace public. Cette analyse a été rendue possible grâce au fonds Société d’étude et de conférences (section Montréal), conservé au Centre d’archives de Montréal de Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (BAnQ).
Les collections d’imprimés et les fonds d’archives de banq : des ressources importantes pour l’histoire de la caricature et de la satire graphique québécoises avant 1960
Authors: Hardy Dominic
Published: October 2012

Pour toute étude sur l’histoire de la caricature et de la satire graphique au Québec avant 1960, les fonds et les collections de Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (BAnQ) sont d’une richesse exceptionnelle. Ce texte présente les collections d’imprimés et les fonds d’archives utiles à la recherche en deux temps. Nous examinons d’abord les lieux de publication des documents pour faire ressortir les grandes étapes de l’évolution de la pratique caricaturale sur le territoire québécois. Ensuite, nous décrivons deux fonds d’archives pour indiquer comment des corpus très différents, composés de caricatures et d’autres documents, peuvent être utiles aux chercheurs. Premièrement, un fonds de 3600 caricatures originales signées par Albéric Bourgeois (1876-1962), véritable témoignage de l’avènement de la modernité culturelle au xx e siècle. Ensuite, un ensemble de documents associés au peintre Louis Dulongpré (1759-1843) qui montre comment la circulation de caricatures est étroitement liée aux débuts de la vie démocratique de la collectivité. Ainsi, BAnQ est riche de documents divers  – originaux et reproductions – qui permettent de voir comment artistes et éditeurs ont été les artisans d’une forme d’expression qui a longtemps été au coeur de polémiques dans la société québécoise.
Déficits extérieur et budgétaire : jumeaux, petits cousins ou parfaits étrangers?
Authors: Normandin Michel
Published: October 2012

L’hypothèse de déficits jumeaux stipule qu’il existe une relation positive entre les déficits extérieur et budgétaire engendrée suite aux changements de dépenses publiques ou de taxes. La validité de cette hypothèse implique que les problèmes liés aux solvabilités du pays et du gouvernement peuvent être conjointement résolus à partir d’un seul instrument fiscal, soit les dépenses publiques, ou encore, les taxes. Cet article décrit les principaux résultats empiriques relativement à la validité de l’hypothèse de déficits jumeaux et présente les prédictions de différents modèles économiques quant à la relation entre les déficits extérieur et budgétaire.
Technical and Allocative Efficiencies of State Universities and Colleges using Data Envelopment Analysis and Pareto Optimality
Authors: Jauculan-Icao Jannette B.
Published: October 2012

In the face of Normative Financing, government support for colleges and universities declines. Little has been known on containing productivity and costs of their instruction, research and extension especially in the countryside. The study aimed to determine the technical and allocative efficiencies of the six State Universities and Colleges in Region IX using Data Envelopment Analysis and assessed based on Pareto Optimality. The descriptive method of research was utilized aided by data mining. The respondents of the study were the six State Universities and Colleges in Region IX. The study revealed that the allocation of financial resources among SUCs in the region did not only differ in their ability to transform inputs into outputs but hardly results to producing the optimal combinations of instruction, research, and extension. The study concludes that out of the six SUCs only one came out to be both technically and allocatively efficient. Other SUCs produced the sub-optimal bundle of outputs but has the ability to improve its situation and focus on the alignment of its own mission. University and College officials shall shift resources in a more efficient manner thereby ensuring maximum outputs given inputs. Keywords - allocative efficiency; data envelopment analysis; state universities and colleges; technical efficiency
Filipino Children and TV Advertising: Some Variates on Requests to Purchase Advertised Merchandise
Authors: Chaves Mary Gretchen F.
Published: October 2012

This study investigates the relationship between children’s propensity to request the purchase of merchandise seen advertised on TV and the children’s amount of TV viewing hours, their attitudes towards TV advertising, and the children’s age and gender. A dyad survey of 250 parents and children (aged 7 to 12) was conducted on January 2011 among urban middle income households in Cebu City, Philippines. The results show that children watch a weekly average of 2.5 and 3.8 hours of free TV on weekdays and weekends, respectively. Majority of the children believe that TV advertising is good for them. Also, majority of the children request their parents for merchandise advertised on TV, such as fast-food items, toys, hair and body grooming products, milk and chocolate drinks and snack foods. The correlations analyses show the absence of significant relationship between the amounts of the children’s TV watching hours and their purchase requests. Also, the findings indicate the lack of significant relationship between the children’s favorable attitudes towards TV advertising and their purchase requests. Finally, the correlations analyses show that both age and gender are not correlated with the children’s merchandise requests. Implications to policy makers, consumer advocates, marketers and parents are discussed. Keywords - pester power, TV advertising to children
Transcendental Leadership Style among Secondary School Administrators as Determinant of Teachers’ Performance
Authors: Baguio Nicasio H.
Published: October 2012

The study determined the extent of application of the transcendental leadership style by the school administrators of secondary schools in Iligan City, Lanao del Norte during the school year 2009-2010 as perceived by 165 teachers. The research was descriptive - inferential in nature and used researcher-constructed questionnaire and the PAST for teachers’ performance. The data were statistically treated with percentage, weighted mean, Pearson correlation coefficients, chi-square and multiple linear regressions. The study disclosed that the length of service and civil status of the teachers significantly determine the extent of the application of transcendental leadership style on the vision and mission, and the sex of the teachers significantly determine the extent of the application of the organization’s superior – subordinate relationship. The extent of the application of transcendental leadership style concerning the organization’s vision and mission and organization’s superior subordinate relationship significantly determine the performance rating of the teachers. The administrators should conduct regular monitoring of the teachers, promote improvement of their spiritual development, and encourage their professional growth. A summer institute on transcendental leadership styles for the executive positions in the Department of Education is endorsed. Keywords - transcendental leadership, vision and mission, spirituality, teacher’s efficiency
Research Collaboration among Selected HEIs and Industries in Visayas Region, 114 Philippines: Inputs to Research Technology Management
Authors: Cango Rogelio D.
Published: October 2012

Factors predicting industries’ research collaborationwith Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Regions 6 and 7 Visayas,Philippines were identified. It described HEIs’ and industries’ profiles;technology management activities and strategies; performance andproblems on research collaboration. Data were gathered throughsurvey and interviews from 59 respondents and documentary analysisfor HEIs. Results showed HEIs had electronics/computer as mainoffering and less than 10% research budget. Industry respondentswere solely private. Searching, screening and signaling activitieswere attending conferences/meetings, deepening contacts withclients/suppliers, and giving special attention to R&D, respectively.Technology management activities were to a great extent, level ofeffectiveness in strategies as exploiter, extender, and follower waseffective. More than three-fourths had no HEI collaboration, thosewho collaborated, produced two or more R&D projects. The industryrelated factors are all predictors for extent of collaborative projects.Only R&D activity and status predicts propensity, number of patentsand R&D outsourcing. For technology-related factors, only pathnavigatingactivities are predictors. Problemsto collaboration were: lack of government support; centralized R&D; lack of facilities andresources; lack of awareness on R&D; IP protection skepticism; lack of linkage initiative; and lack of implementation guidelines/application. Keywords: Research Collaboration, Technology Management,Industry-related Factors, Technology-related Factors
Estimation of Interdependent Behavior of City Government Units of the Philippines Using the Les Model
Authors: Estrada Ronald D.
Published: October 2012

For local units to be effective in their functions, their resources need to be spent in a way that will meet the need of local community. The main objective of the study is to estimate the demand of the basic social services provided by the city governments in the Philippines with the influence of spatial effects using the Linear Expenditure System (LES). The study used the descriptive research technique. Results showed that the LES model incorporated with spatial effects fits the data reasonably well compared to the LES model without spatial effect. Fiscal interactions among cities were found significant with education and social welfare services. Subsistence expenditure level of each service sector was found statistically significant except for local tax revenue that was treated as negative expenditure. Some identified cost variables of respective service sectors were found significant predictors of subsistence expenditure level of each service sectors. All marginal discretionary income shares were found statistically significant across the service sectors. The studies conclude that both population density and saving rate of the previous year significantly predicted marginal discretionary income share of each service sector. Elasticity results revealed that all basic social services were found to be normal goods and demands for these services tend to be inelastic with respect to government income.   Keywords - demand system, discretionary income, lagged dependent variable, LES, NSUR, spatial econometrics, spatial effect, and subsistence expenditure.
Adaptability Trial of Hybrid and Inbred Rice Varieties under Corona Clayloam Condition
Authors: Lasim Maria P. , Oanzon Virginia P. , Hubilla Minerva J. , Ocbian Magdalena M. , Guarin Miguel G. , Detera Andrew F.
Published: October 2012

This study was done in one of the ricefields of Sorsogon State College Castilla Campus at Mayon, Castilla, and Sorsogon to determine the best rice varieties adaptable in a location specific lowland ricefield specifically under Corona clay loam condition. This experiment also evaluated and characterized the agronomic or morphologic traits of rice cultivars in farmers’ field and identified the most productive and promising rice cultivars. Results of morphologic characteristics of the five varieties tested showed that for plant height NSIC Rc 222 was the tallest for wet season (WS) and NSIC Rc 212 and NSIC Rc 214 for dry season (DS). PhB71 performed just as well as NSIC Rc 214. Same variety got the highest productive tillers in both seasons and differed significantly over the four inbred varieties. NSIC Rc 222 exhibited the highest number of filled grains per panicle. This is significantly different from the other varieties. Only NSIC RC 214 gave a significantly higher weight for 1,000 grains per replication than the other varieties for both seasons. PhB 71 had the highest yield performance during the wet season and is significantly different with the other inbred varieties. It is concluded that the hybrid (PhB 71) and the inbred rice variety NSIC Rc214 were adaptable under corona clayloam condition in both seasons. Among the inbred rice varietiestested, NSIC Rc214 was found to be the most productive and promising variety in terms of yield. The hybrid variety (PhB71) is more productive than any of the inbred varieties under this present study.   Keywords - hybrid rice varieties, inbred rice, corona clayloan
Gender Role and Climate Change Mitigation Practices among B’laan Tribe in Glan, Sarangani Province, Philippines
Authors: Elbat Charity Grace P. , Alburo Daisy M.
Published: October 2012

This study aimed to look into gender role and climate change mitigation practices and their implications among the B’laan tribe in Mudan, Sarangani Province. This study used both the quantitative and qualitative methods in analyzing the data. Percentage was used in assessing socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. Qualitative methodologies were key informants interview, informal discussion and direct observation. A total of 80 respondents were included in the study chosen through purposive sampling. Majority of the respondents are female, 36-45 years old, with 6-10 members of the family whose income ranges from 1,000.00- 5,000.00php and whose main source of family income is farming. The household basically is the domain of the woman while the man takes care of the food production. Climate change has greatly affected agriculture where B’laansis largely dependent on especially during dry season. In times like this, the woman is forced to involve in income-generating activities, worse, sometimes she has to leave her home and children to the care of her husband and seek employment as house-helper. This has drastically brought about changes in gender role. When this happens, decision-making which traditionally resides on man now is transferred to the woman.   Keywords - B’laan tribe, Climate Change, decision making, agriculture, and mitigation practices
Forest Management by a Traditional Village Community in South China
Authors: Kikuchi Masumi
Published: October 2012

Yao people have been self-sufficient through the cultivation of terraces for over 600 years in Dazhai village Guangxi Prefecture of China. As the village assigns tracts of forests to households, it regards water sources and the forest plots as part of a contract responsibility system, and manages the land resources as collectively owned. This paper discusses the following two issues: first, to study the traditional values and regulations that sustain the system of collective ownership over forest water sources in Dazhai village, second, to investigate the village commons that manages natural resources in the remote districts of Southern China.   Keywords - Commons, Forest Management, China
Phasor Measurement Units (
PMU
s)
Authors: Phadke Arun
Published: October 2012

This article describes the origin of phasor measurement units. A definition of phasors and synchrophasors is provided. In addition, a brief account of the industry standards that govern the synchrophasors is given. Present research and development of applications of phasor measurement systems are described, and several references are provided for the interested reader.
Radiofrequency Stability Analysis
Authors: Suárez Almudena
Published: October 2012

This article will provide essential concepts for a basic understanding of the nonlinear dynamics of microwave circuits, so that a designer may distinguish between different types of steady‐state solutions, identify instability problems, and comprehend mechanisms for instability. The aim is to increase a designer's awareness and knowledge on what can go on in a nonlinear circuit. The harmonic‐balance method will be briefly outlined, with emphasis on the need to combine this method with a stability analysis to ensure the physical existence of any solution obtained. The article will cover the stability analysis of microwave circuits in small‐ and large‐signal regimes. The main approaches for stability analysis will be presented and compared, from the most familiar ones, Rollet factor and stability circles, to very recent and efficient techniques, such as pole‐zero identification. Another problem covered will be the abrupt change in the solution observed when a parameter, such as a bias voltage or input power, is modified continuously.
Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Ilies Laurean , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: October 2012

Iron has received much attention in recent years as a catalyst for cross‐coupling reactions. Besides attractive features such as wide availability, low cost, and negligible toxicity, iron shows a unique reactivity that allows cross‐couplings to proceed under mild reaction conditions with high chemoselectivity. Reactions of various nucleophiles (organomagnesium, ‐zinc, ‐copper, ‐boron, etc.) with alkenyl, aryl, alkyl, and miscellaneous electrophiles are described. Oxidative and reductive couplings and reactions involving CH bond cleavage are also discussed. Several mechanistic possibilities and synthetic applications are briefly presented.
Iron‐CatalyzedCCBond Formation withCHBond Activation
Authors: Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: October 2012

The past decade has witnessed a significant progress in iron‐catalyzed organic transformations including functionalization of otherwise unreactive CH bonds. This chapter provides a review on iron‐catalyzed CC bond forming reactions via CH bond functionalization. First, a series of stoichiometric, inner‐sphere CH bond activation reactions by well‐defined iron complexes are summarized, which would serve as the basis for the design of catalytic CH functionalizations. Second, iron‐catalyzed CC bond‐forming reactions via C(sp2)H bond cleavage are discussed with a particular focus on biaryl‐forming reactions via aromatic CH bond functionalization. Third, iron‐catalyzed CC bond‐forming reactions via C(sp3)H bond cleavage are described. Oxidative coupling reactions between two CH fragments, so‐called cross‐dehydrogenative coupling reactions, are mainly discussed.
Ferrocenes in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry
Authors: Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard
Published: October 2012

Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) composed of bulky Lewis acids and bases do not quench each other efficiently by adduct formation. They can react jointly, for example in small molecule activation. A series of FLPs and typical FLP reactions at ferrocene‐derived frameworks are presented. This involved ferrocene‐bonded nitrogen or phosphorus bases in conjunction with strongly electrophilic pentafluorophenyl containing boron Lewis acids. Reactions of these ferrocene‐derived FLPs include activation of dihydrogen under mild conditions and catalytic hydrogenation reactions but also FLP reactions with alkenes or alkynes.
The Criteria for Beneficial Disorder in Thermoelectric Solid Solutions
Authors: Wang Heng , LaLonde Aaron D. , Pei Yanzhong , Snyder G. Jeffery
Published: October 2012

Forming solid solutions has long been considered an effective approach for good thermoelectrics because the lattice thermal conductivities are lower than those of the constituent compounds due to phonon scattering from disordered atoms. However, this effect could also be compensated by a reduction in carrier mobility due to electron scattering from the same disorder. Using a detailed study of n‐type (PbTe)1–x (PbSe)x solid solution (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) as a function of composition, temperature, and doping level, quantitative modeling of transport properties reveals the important parameters characterizing these effects. Based on this analysis, a general criterion for the improvement of zT due to atomic disorder in solid solutions is derived and can be applied to several thermoelectric solid solutions, allowing a convenient prediction of whether better thermoelectric performance could be achieved in a given solid solution. Alloying is shown to be most effective at low temperatures and in materials that are unfavorable for thermoelectrics in their unalloyed forms: high lattice thermal conductivity (stiff materials with low Grüneisen parameters) and high deformation potential.
DNA‐Directed Self‐Assembly of Core‐Satellite Plasmonic Nanostructures: A Highly Sensitive and Reproducible Near‐IR SERS Sensor
Authors: Zheng Yuanhui , Thai Thibaut , Reineck Philipp , Qiu Ling , Guo Yueming , Bach Udo
Published: October 2012

The excitation of surface plasmons in metallic nanostructures provides an opportunity to localize light at the nanoscale, well below the scale of the wavelength of the light. The high local electromagnetic field intensities generated in the vicinity of the nanostructures through this nanofocusing effect are exploited in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). At narrow interparticle gaps, so‐called hot‐spots, the nanofocusing effect is particularly pronounced. Hence, the engineering of substrates with a consistently high density of hot‐spots is a major challenge in the field of SERS. Here, a simple bottom‐up approach is described for the fabrication of highly SERS‐active gold core‐satellite nanostructures, using electrostatic and DNA‐directed self‐assembly. It is demonstrated that well‐defined core‐satellite gold nanostructures can be fabricated without the need for expensive direct‐write nanolithography tools such as electron‐beam lithography (EBL). Self‐assembly also provides excellent control over particle distances on the nanoscale. The as‐fabricated core‐satellite nanostructures exhibit SERS activities that are superior to commercial SERS substrates in signal intensity and reproducibility. This also highlights the potential of bottom‐up self‐assembly strategies for the fabrication of complex, well‐defined functional nanostructures with future applications well beyond the field of sensing.
Comment on Real‐Time Observation on Dynamic Growth/Dissolution of Conductive Filaments in Oxide‐Electrolyte‐ Based ReRAM
Authors: Valov Ilia , Waser Rainer
Published: October 2012

Filament formation and dissolution in the system Ag(Cu)/ZrO2/Pt were observed by Liu et al. [Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 1844]. Their explanation of the phenomena is shown here to be inappropriate. Various situations, including the “bipolar electrode” shown in the figure, are considered and the difference between the behavior in electrochemical metallization memories (ECMs) and valence change memories (VCMs) outlined. Of crucial importance for distinguishing ECM from VCM behavior, that is, the effects of cation and anion migration, is the choice of the solid materials used to transport metal cations. A possible explanation of the phenomena is proposed.
Linear response theory of uniformly complex‐scaled many‐body systems
Authors: Whitenack D.L.
Published: October 2012

Linear response functions for a uniformly complex‐scaled many‐body system are derived. Differences between these functions and their Hermitian analogs are emphasized including additional poles at metastable excitations. Energy absorption is investigated and it is shown how a complex‐scaled external perturbation and its complex‐conjugate couples to the system's energy and lifetime.
Prism dispersion effects in near‐guided‐wave surface plasmon resonance sensors
Authors: Shalabney A. , Abdulhalim I.
Published: October 2012

Refractive index dispersion causes the light line to curve. As a result it is shown that when the prism is dispersive, an additional dip in the spectral response of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors is observed in the Kretschmann‐Raether (KR) configuration. Since the new dip evolves in the infrared (IR) region, it exhibits a high sensitivity to the analyte refractive index (RI) changes and the mode penetrates deeper into the analyte. Adding a thin dielectric layer with high refractive index on top of the metallic layer enables to control the dip location and strength. The two dips shift in opposite directions as the analyte RI changes and therefore when the spectral difference is considered as the measurand, higher RI sensitivity is obtained. The dispersion relation of two thin films bounded by two semi‐infinite media is derived when the prism dispersion is considered.
Local Extraction and Condensation under a Microscope Using the Optically Controlled Phase Separation of a Thermoresponsive Polymer
Authors: Inoue Hayato , Yamamoto Takayuki , Kuwahara Shota , Katayama Kenji
Published: October 2012

In‐situ extraction and condensation of various dyes were carried out in a phase‐separation region of a thermoresponsive polymer aqueous solution generated by near infrared (NIR) laser heating under a microscope. The NIR laser irradiation was directed at a chromium line deposited on a glass substrate, thereby causing local heating of the solution due to the photothermal effect. A phase‐separation region was formed by dehydration of the thermoresponsive polymer followed by ejection of water outside of the phase‐separation region. When various dyes were included in the solution, some dye molecules were extracted into the phase‐separation region, where they condensed. In the case of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM, 10 wt % in an aqueous solution) as the thermoresponsive polymer and crystal violet (CV) as the dye (0.1 mM), CV condensed by about 25 times. It was found that one of the necessary conditions for the extraction/condensation is the hydrophobicity of the dye molecule; however, the dominant cause for accumulating inside the PNIPAM chain is the molecular interaction between the amide group in the side chain of PNIPAM and the functional groups such as carbonyl or amino groups in the dye molecules.