bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Efficacy of the 3D U-Net Architecture For Glioblastoma Multiforme Tumor Segmentation
Authors: Jadhav Arnav , Siavichay Erick
Published: August 2024

Glioblastoma is the deadliest form of brain cancer which begins as a congregation of cancerous cells within the brain but then progresses into invading and destroying healthy brain tissue. Radiation therapy, the most popular treatment option, is where neuro-oncologists apply intense radiation energy beams directly on the tumor region to kill the cancerous cells. However, for radiation therapy to be effective, the segmented magnetic resonance image (MRI) in which the oncologists base where to apply the radiation must be segmented nearly 100% accurately, or else the energy beams will mistakenly damage healthy brain tissue. Additionally, radiation therapy will be futile if the MRI segmentation is not complete in time for the therapy appointment. My research problem is evaluating the performance of notable segmentation models for accurate and immediate 3D segmentation of glioblastoma multiforme brain tumors from MRIs while focusing on one particular architecture, the 3D U-Net. Each of the models was given 850 MRIs from the same dataset called BraTS, which is an annual competition hosted by the University of Pennsylvania. My 3D U-Net model ended up having the highest training (0.9928), validation (0.968) and testing (0.9867) accuracies of all the models and took approximately 55 seconds to predict segmentations of the tumor region. The results reveal that the 3D U-Net model is capable of automating glioblastoma tumor segmentation in significantly fewer hours than a human oncologist would take, all while maintaining similar or higher accuracy, where even a minor difference can mean the distinction between life and death.
A review of the effects of extracellular matrix stiffness on cellular activity
Authors: Sunkara Arya
Published: August 2024

The extracellular matrix is a vital component of a cellular system. It is responsible for several metabolic processes within cells and its properties can have major effects on cellular activity. Recent research has begun to understand the role of physical interactions between the matrix and the cell on cellular growth and repair. In this work, we review the role of the stiffness of the extracellular matrix in determining cellular activity. We first review the effect on stem cell differentiation through the influence of cytoskeletal feedback loops and induced traction stresses. We then discuss the effects of metabolic reprogramming in tumor progression via molecular upregulation of YAP/TAZ and genetic expression. Finally, we highlight the effects of the stiffness gradient dictated by durotaxis and induced hypoxia on the rate of tumor progression. We hope this review sheds light on the major impact that the extracellular matrix has on various biological activities.
Current and Recent Advances in the Treatment of Steroid Refractory Acute Graft versus Host Disease
Authors: Nguyen Nguyen Anh , McGeary Meaghan
Published: August 2024

Acute Graft versus Host Disease (aGVHD) is a life-threatening complication that occurs within the first 100 days after an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). In order to treat aGVHD, corticosteroids are commonly used as first-line therapy. Nevertheless, their complete response rate is only around 50%. The rest of the patients became steroid-refractory (SR), and the death rate of steroid-refractory aGVHD (SR-aGVHD) patients was more than 90%, which shows that there is a pressing need for a cure for this condition. Hence, this review aims to highlight the currently available and recent advancements in the field of treatments for SR-aGVHD. Despite the deaths, relapses and infections caused by SR-aGVHD, there are significant innovations, specifically in the area of using stem cells as a treatment. Ultimately, this literature has reflected on the development of SR-aGVHD treatments over the years, indicated by the rise in the number and the quality of ongoing and completed trials.
Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning In Drug Discovery
Authors: Gu Justin , Taylor Connor
Published: August 2024

In contemporary pharmaceutical research, Machine Learning (ML) has emerged as a transformative force, profoundly impacting drug discovery and development. ML empowers computer systems to acquire knowledge from data, distinguishing itself through supervised and unsupervised learning. ML is pivotal in pharmaceutical research, enhancing drug efficacy, ensuring safety, personalizing medical interventions, and expediting drug repurposing. As we peer into the horizon, we anticipate refinements through deep learning models and generative networks in drug discovery. Initiatives that promote data-sharing and collaborative partnerships will shape the ML-driven landscape. This academic exploration underscores ML's transformative role in pharmaceutical research, encompassing fundamental principles and practical applications. It embodies the convergence of technology and healthcare, promising an innovative and improved healthcare future.
The role of PIWI proteins in glioma formation
Authors: Serrano Ava
Published: August 2024

This review explores the role of PIWI proteins, particularly PIWIL1, in glioma formation. The overexpression and dysregulation of PIWIL1 is seen in gliomas, impacting normal cell function and tumor suppressor genes. It is unknown if the overexpression of PIWIL1 causes tumor formation or if tumor formation causes the protein to be overexpressed. Dysregulation of tumor-suppressing genes like BTG2, FBXW7, and P27 by PIWIL1 contributes to aberrant cell cycle progression and growth. Elevated levels of CCND2, NESTIN, OLIG2, and MCL1 due to PIWIL1 dysregulation further promote tumor growth. Evidence reveals that reducing PIWIL1 leads to decreased tumor size and increased survival in animal models. Additionally, the overexpression of MCL-1, a protein regulated by PIWIL1, compromises chemotherapy efficacy. This research suggests that PIWIL1 overexpression is pivotal in glioma tumorigenesis.
Employee Retention in the Restaurant Industry: Perspectives from Organizational and Coworker Support
Authors: Wang Bill , Wang Jianfeng
Published: August 2024

This study examines the relationship between organizational support (OS), coworker support (CS), and turnover intention (TI) within the restaurant industry. Utilizing a sample survey of 78 restaurant employees from online communities, linear regression analysis revealed an inverse correlation between OS and CS with TI. Practical implications for improving retention include tailored strategies based on demographic findings. Organizations can offer extended maternity leave accommodations, transparent career advancement pathways, cross-training opportunities, and cultivate coworker relationships through collaborative shift assignments and digital group chats. These strategies promote a supportive work environment and reduce turnover intentions. Overall, this study underscores the importance of OS and CS in fostering employee engagement and loyalty for organizational growth.
The Widespread Ethical Disagreement of CRISPR-Cas9
Authors: Chokshi Krishna , Johnson Daniel
Published: August 2024

In the early 21st century, gene therapy, specifically CRISPR-Cas9, was developed as a viable option to prevent heritable diseases and treat genetic disorders in somatic and germline cells. However, the advancement of this technology has led to misuse, as genetic “engineers” aim to alter the DNA of future generations to conform to an idealistic set of standards. The abuse of technology, coupled with the ability to reconstruct an individual’s genetic makeup, leads to the societal question about the best way to regulate this software. This paper addresses three key factors in preventing misuse while maximizing medical benefits: the public’s role, physician-patient relationships, and diversity in healthcare. This paper analyzes how the public should engage with national organizations and participate in formal discussions to express their views regarding CRISPR-Cas9 governance; without explicit expression of their views, their beliefs will likely be undermined by professionals. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes transparency and communication within physician-patient relationships: physicians must offer the comprehensive health benefits and drawbacks of gene editing to ensure patients considering gene editing operations are aware of its implications. Additionally, this paper asserts the need to bridge the socioeconomic gap within healthcare to extend access to gene editing to a larger group and also gain deeper insight into CRISPR-Cas9’s long-term impacts on people of various backgrounds. This paper states that the resolution of these three components is essential to reach a societal consensus of the appropriate regulations on gene editing, thereby halting the temporary ban on the technology.
Artificial Intelligence's Effect on Cybersecurity
Authors: Yadlapati Venkata Sai Anand , Kethar Jothsna , Gochhayat Dr. Sarada Prasad
Published: August 2024

This paper examines how artificial intelligence(AI) affects cyberspace and can influence future malware and cyber threats, it emphasizes AI’s dual role as both an ally and an imminent threat. Illegal data mining in centralized digital networks has become a growing threat in modern cybersecurity. Because of the numerous flaws in today's centralized systems, more robust and beneficial alternatives are required. Traditional anti-cybercrime systems, such as physical equipment and human involvement, have proven ineffective. Newer methods have been created through the developments in machine learning which enhance cybercrime detection and prevention. The major goal of cybersecurity is to reduce digital assaults in cyberspace, with AI technologies playing an important role. Furthermore, concerns have been voiced concerning the possible use of AI-enhanced malware by hackers, underlining the importance of ongoing monitoring and collaboration and addressing the flaws. This research also investigates remedies to a couple of the disadvantages. This study examines existing AI applications in modern cybercrime prevention, highlighting its potential advantages and disadvantages. Learning and discussing the ethical role that AI will play is crucial for the growth and security of our digital infrastructure. With the rise of complex and severe cyber threats, AI-based security systems will help detect and protect cyberspace effectively and efficiently. By being updated on modern AI technologies and applications in cybersecurity, individuals and organizations can better protect themselves from cybercrime and minimize potential damage. Furthermore, ongoing collaboration and research in this area can lead to the development of more advanced and robust security solutions.
Immunodeficiency Caused by Viruses
Authors: Nair Rudraksh , Wilwohl Dr. Kathryn , Kethar Jothsna , Torremocha Virgil
Published: August 2024

Immunodeficiency is caused by many factors. One of these factors is viral transmission. Viruses like HIV, Ebola, and Measles have plagued humanity for decades, but why are they so significant? These viruses have different proteins on their membranes or envelopes that guide them to a specific host cell so they can replicate efficiently. In this process, cells die due to viral-induced apoptosis and therefore affect the body system that the cells are a part of. In these viruses’ case, they affect the immune system by directly replicating in immune cells or affecting cells which results in secondary infections and diseases. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) has proteins which guide it to CD4-T cells, a vital part of the immune system which triggers immune responses in the body. Other viruses such as Measles, Rabies, and Ebola are guided to epithelial cells, which are cells that line the organs and skin of the body. This makes the host vulnerable to secondary infections and diseases. Understanding these viruses is vital to improve current treatments for them and therefore improve society.
Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Evaluation of Sports Therapy as an Effective Treatment Plan
Authors: Belnekar Millie
Published: August 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) describes a diverse range of conditions characterized by challenges with motor skills, social interactions, and verbal and nonverbal communication. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1% of the world's population has ASD, approximately 75,000,000 people. The prevalence of ASD is not entirely surprising, as the disorder is most influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. With the increasingly affected population comes a greater need for effective therapies, primarily based on cost-effective and engaging environments. Many therapists are currently exploring the possibility of sports therapy to directly influence the communication and motor skills of children with ASD. Sports therapy additionally presents the potential to reduce the risk of depression caused by ASD-induced stresses. Despite the benefits of sports therapy, it can be largely ineffective in some types of ASD, specifically low-functioning and classic ASD. This review article aims to present sports therapy as an effective treatment plan for ASD when used strategically to enhance the communication skills and motor skills necessary to foster self-confidence and reduce the risk of ASD-specific depression.
Sharia Law and Impact on Women, Human Rights, and Economy
Authors: Kaza Nitya
Published: August 2024

Sharia Law is a religious law. It is a part of Islamic traditions and is based on two Islamic texts, the Quran and Hadith. It often consists of different interpretations by Islamic scholars. From the Westerner’s point of view, Sharia is very controversial because it doesn’t exhibit the same values, especially when related to women’s rights, such as the right to education, and human rights, such as freedom of speech. This paper covers what kind of impact allowing religion to intersect with law has. It will cover two countries, Afghanistan and Iran, and what kind of effects allowing Islam to dictate laws has on both countries. It will also explore why certain laws are put in place by analyzing excerpts from the Quran. Overall, the impact of Sharia in these countries is profound on a country’s success, whether socially or economically These findings serve as a basis for why allowing religious doctrines or beliefs cannot interfere with politics for the rest of the world.
A Machine Learning Approach to Predict the Occurrence of Forest Fires with Meteorological Parameters
Authors: Mohanty Yashnil , Lee Juyon
Published: August 2024

Forest fires have emerged as a considerable challenge in the United States, posing substantial societal, economic, and environmental risks. As a result, the early and accurate prediction of these fires is imperative for management efforts. In this study, we used two Kaggle datasets: the “Algerian Forest Fires Dataset” with fire readings from 2012 and the “Forest Fires Data Set” with readings from 2007. However, because the second data set was originally intended for a regression task, providing approximate area values representing the predicted burned area of the forest fire, we phased the data set out while developing our final model. Ultimately, we used the Algerian Forest Fires Dataset, containing 13 attributes and 244 instances of forest fires in two regions of Algeria. To streamline the analysis, we reduced the number of features to 5, namely, month, temperature, humidity, wind, and rain. Moreover, we developed a Random Forest Classifier model to predict the occurrence of a forest fire, using the data set for training and testing. Performance was compared against Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, and Artificial Neural Network models, using cross-validation. The experiment showed a slight superiority to the Random Forest Classifier approach, achieving an accuracy score of 86.486% and an F1 score of 88.889%. Our approach provides a decimal value representing the probability for fire likelihood. Overarchingly, this research contributes to the advancement of forest fire prediction technologies by leveraging meteorological data.
Using a Predictive Model to Reduce Emissions/Energy Costs with Virtual Power Plants in North India
Authors: Aggarwal Ansh , Hernandez Mauricio
Published: August 2024

This project aims to reduce the emissions and energy costs in a pollution riddled country like India by optimizing the energy output from power plants. The emissions/costs are minimized using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP), an optimization tool that accounts for linear constraints and objective function. Utilizing the MILP results allows for the creation of Unit Commitment and Economic Dispatch (UC/ED). UC determines a schedule for which power plants should be on or off at which times while accounting for constraints such as startup/shutdown costs and ramping flexibility. Economic Dispatch optimizes power generation levels for each specific power plant while considering constraints such as meeting the energy demand and minimum/maximum generation limits to be found.
Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) are the real-world application of our optimized UC/ED findings as multiple decentralized energy sources, power plants in this case, can aggregate resources and function as a singular plant. It can recalibrate energy usage based on data such as hourly power demand, weather, fuel source, etc., and apply UC/ED by using constantly updated real-time data. A Random Forest Regressor machine learning model which predicts the gains in terms of CO2 emissions of having VPP assets in the power grid was used. The accuracy at 70F, 73F, and 76F cooling points were 98.89%, 97.76% and 87.67% respectively. A machine learning model is used instead of the MILP model as it works much faster and can be feasibly used for day-to-day operations.
Enhancing Cardiovascular Disease Detection through Deep Multimodal Fusion: Integrating Radiology and Electrocardiogram via Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Kim Kyungryun
Published: August 2024

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs), also known as heart diseases are related to a process of atherosclerosis, which is when a plaque builds up in the arteries and blocks blood flow. CVDs are an ever-increasing health risk for the general population, and according to the American Heart Association, the number of deaths related to CVDs has surpassed the previous 910,000 all-time record from 2003. To solve this problem, numerous novel approaches have been presented for a solution to decrease such anomalies with traditional methods utilizing computed tomography scans (CT scans) to calculate coronary artery calcium. However, countless problems arise from using CT scans as CT scans are not accessible to the general public, and early diagnosis is especially difficult. So, this research paper aims to explore the potential of AI-driven biomarkers in enhancing the efficiency of CVD diagnosis. Moreover, this study presents a novel approach that uses artificial intelligence to enhance the accuracy of CVD diagnosis. Specifically, this paper suggests an innovative methodology that utilizes the classification of x-ray images that is additionally supplemented by classifying electrocardiograms. These techniques allow for analysis of multi-modal data sources allowing latent information on CVDs to be extracted. Throughout the experiments, the proposed method has proven that it is superior compared to other state-of-the-art methods, as it has achieved an accuracy of 90.49%.
A Keynesian Perspective to the Economy
Authors: Tracanna Kathryn , Schott Howard , Moledina Amyaz
Published: August 2024

In this paper, I examine the relationship between social welfare programs and unemployment. Unemployment and welfare are two of the most significant topics in macroeconomics, with many disagreeing on the relationship between the two. A commonly held belief, particularly in the United States, is that too generous of a welfare state discourages and disincentives people from looking for work, leading to continuous unemployment. However, my findings indicate that increased government spending on social welfare programs can actually improve employment rates. Looking at past studies conducted by economists in England, Germany, and the United States, I find that social assistance programs are beneficial at decreasing unemployment in the long term. Such programs allow workers to find and retain jobs for which they are prepared by allowing for increased training, increased search periods, and increased educational attainment for children. This research is heavily influenced by Keynesian theories and ideas that government should play an active role in the economy to reduce unemployment. While Keynes looked primarily at direct relief assistance for people in times of economic downturn, my findings expand on the idea and look at alternative policies that can be used to reduce unemployment continuously.
The Neuroscience of Motivated Memory
Authors: Xie Leran
Published: August 2024

Motivation is essential to memory because it ensures important memories are prioritized for future behavior. Recent studies have looked into the multi-faceted relationship between motivation and memory; other biological evidence which links motivation and memory has given rise to an examination of the underlying neurobiological basis that facilitates this connection. The neurotransmitter dopamine is strongly associated with motivation. Particularly, midbrain dopamine neurons in the reward-regulating ventral tegmental area which project to the hippocampus are well-positioned to enable a motivational influence on memory formation. This prompts an examination of the differing effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on memory encoding and consolidation, as well evidence supporting the crucial role of coordinated activity between the mesolimbic pathway and the hippocampus. In this review, we first look into hypotheses about the biological processes through which dopamine is associated with reward motivation and memory. We then examine and summarize the neurobiologic hypotheses and recent evidence on the interplay between motivation and declarative memory with a focus on dopamine as the linking mechanism.
A Scoping Review of Nudges for Healthier Eating and their Applicability in Developing Asia
Authors: Das Aditeya , Dumortier Peter
Published: August 2024

‘Nudges’ are considered a subtle tool to influence human behavior without restricting their choices. It is gaining attention in public policies and the healthcare domain to help people adopt positive changes for better healthcare outcomes. This paper undertakes a scoping review of literature to understand the effectiveness of nudges in choosing healthier food among people that have long-term implications towards lower incidence of medical conditions and healthier lifestyles. It digs deeper into techniques of nudges to identify the most effective ones and also identify the ones that could be used in developing Asian countries. The paper concludes that there is a greater proportion of studies that emphasize the positive relation between nudges and positive human behavior towards healthier eating, though these are mostly conducted in developed countries. The Visual nudge technique is the most used in the reviewed studies. For Asia, labeling and positioning nudges are appropriate nudges as they do not entail many additional costs to governments and institutions.
The Bosnian Genocide: A Case for Multiculturalism
Authors: Tong Adam
Published: August 2024

The objective of this research is to investigate the causes, impacts, and aftermath of the Bosnian Genocide to propose preventative strategies against future genocides. A literature review of primary sources and current scholarly papers is presented to analyze the significant influence of economic and historical events preceding the genocide, the determinant causes of which were the advocation of the “Greater Serbia” ideology and the changing socioeconomic dynamics between Bosnia and Serbia. The clear intent of the Bosnian War was to systematically enforce a nationalist Serbian agenda whose primary goals were the complete eradication of the Bosniak community through the destruction of their cultural landmarks and the deliberate killings of Bosniak men and mass rape of women. The Bosnian Genocide resulted in the Dayton Agreement that ended the war and the formation of the International Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. The results of this study culminate in recommendations to avert future instances of genocide, such as limiting the political power of the head of state to ensure accountability through checks and balances, establishing security measures to protect the Bosniak community from violent crimes, diversifying the national economy by creating job opportunities in non-military sectors, implementing an educational campaign at the primary level to encourage respect for minority groups, enacting anti-discrimination laws, and engaging Bosniak community leaders in decision making. These recommendations are made not only to support preventative measures but also to promote an acceptance of multiculturalism that is crucial to avert future genocides in an increasingly globalized society.
Determining How Society's Opinion of Women in England Influenced Their Writing
Authors: Paez-Suarez Clara , Lopez-Figueroa Johnny
Published: August 2024

This investigation inspects the multiple correlations between social prejudices against women and the literature produced by them. Spanning more than a hundred years, the research covers the late eighteenth century, the Regency Era, the Victorian Era, and the Edwardian Era. Some sources did not provide the relationship between treatment and literature produced but instead set up a historical background for England during the above periods. However, all the sources proved in one way or another that there was mistreatment of women present. With the sources covering the correlation between the treatment of women and the literature they wrote, these found a direct relationship and reflected in novels and poems via way of working women and spinsters.
Women’s Portrayal in Classic Literature and Hollywood’s Golden Age to Determine its Ramifications
Authors: Ramírez Trelles Inés , Lopez-Figueroa Johnny
Published: August 2024

Sexism has existed since the beginning of time. Media portrayal is another tool used to control women. In ancient Athens media showed women what would happen to them if they acted out. The character Lysistrata was used to belittle women. Clytemnestra was to warn women to stay in place. There were few female writers and there weren’t even female actresses. During the Golden Age of Cinema media portrayal set false expectations of what a woman should be. Often, they were objectified and had little speaking time. Partly because there weren’t many women working behind the screen. There were little female directors, cinematographers, and writers. Modern media has bettered in its portrayal of women. It still does occasionally perpetuate gender stereotypes and objectify women it is better. The movie Little Women demonstrates that. It empowers women with its portrayal. That movie is directed by a woman, perhaps a line can be drawn that if more women are involved in media creation, the representation will enhance and be positive. This investigation is important to be disseminated so people are aware of the power media has over us and hold it to a standard that creates a positive impact.
Unmasking the Shadows: Examining Workplace Violence in South Korea
Authors: Noh Hyunseo , Pazzara Brandon
Published: August 2024

Workplace violence has been an emerging issue in South Korea, garnering both social and scholarly interest over the past decades. Since the early 2000s, the country has witnessed thousands of cases of workplace violence in various sectors of work that range from big, high-profile cases to smaller-scale incidents. In fact, this issue already seems to be deeply ingrained in South Korean society as one in four workers reported having experienced workplace violence in the last year (Lee, 2023). Therefore, reflecting the rapidly growing recognition of and attention on workplace violence, this paper examines the historical background, causes, different types of violence in various sectors of work, consequences, and past attempted solutions of workplace violence. A lack of studies and resolutions was identified in the process of research. Therefore, active government intervention and social involvement in combating workplace violence as well as promoting a healthy workplace environment seems vital.
Melding or Singularity from 2005-2024
Authors: Prats-Fernandez Diego , Lopez-Figueroa Johnny
Published: August 2024

This research paper centers around the question of how Al will impact the art market, meaning, will it dilute it with artificially made artworks, will it create its own sub-market within the broader art market, or will it just dissolve due to the current negative perception of Al? This entails an analysis of a general audience's perception and critics' perception of already existing artworks, the perception of Al outside of the context of art, the differing perceptions of Al in different cultures, what people consider creative, and many more factors that will be broken down in this study to conclude on the central question. This study is crucial because Al is in its infancy and has taken the world by storm. So, it is imperative that a projection is made as to how generative Al algorithms focusing on visual art will impact the art market because it has massive implications for ethics, creativity, and what gives art value. Right now, there is a significant bias against Al, especially in the professional art world. However, dissidents are expressing that they see immense potential in Al as not only a tool but even something that will define the next century of art. So, there is no straight answer as to what happened. No one can see the future after all, but it is definitive that Al, independently or as a tool for artists, will send ripples through the art world and art market in the coming years and even decades.
Effectivity of Aβ Immunotherapies on Amyloid Plaque in Alzheimer’s Patients: A Close Examination
Authors: Tamilselvan Rithwik , Kethar Jothsna , Varkey, Ph.d Dr. Jobin
Published: August 2024

Alzheimer’s disease, alternatively named senile dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects 55 million people worldwide. As of this moment, the disease has no cure, with treatments being targeted towards the symptoms; specifically, slowing down clinical decline. Important treatments called Aβ immunotherapies are being developed right now. Due to the severity of this disease, efficiently researching and quickly finding cures that are effective is crucial. This paper will be focused on reviewing current passive Aβ immunotherapies and determining the effectiveness through the immunotherapy's effects on amyloid plaque concentration and clinical decline. Through this, it can be determined if research on further passive Aβ immunotherapies is warranted. Through reviewing numerous studies and cases from multiple hospitals and institutions, it is found that Donanemab and Lecanemab are effective, with both being shown to reduce clinical decline and amyloid plaque concentration. Crenezumab is shown to have potential, with further studies required to confirm efficacy. The other three immunotherapies, Bapineuzumab, Ponezumab, and Gantenerumab, were found to be ineffective lowering amyloid plaque and slowing clinical decline. Future research should focus on further studying the efficacy and safety of these passive immunotherapies. Through these results, further research on passive Aβ immunotherapies is warranted, and should be focused on in the future. Using these findings, the route in which further research on passive Aβ immunotherapies can be determined and be as efficient as possible.
Theories on Conflict: Kant versus Hegel
Authors: Wang Ziqing
Published: August 2024

The German philosophers Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Hegel are often regarded as two of the most significant minds during the Age of Enlightenment. This essay will examine the similarities and differences in how the two philosophers approached the concept of “conflict,” which takes up a major part in their systems of history and philosophy. After comparing their theories of “conflict,” this essay will aim to apply the two philosophers’ ideas to analyze three modern conflicts: World War I, the Vietnam War, and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Through such a comparison and analysis, the timeless value of Kant and Hegel’s philosophical concepts will be emphasized.
A Historical Documentary Analysis Depicting Mass Media Manipulation in North Korea
Authors: Nadal-Nevares Mia , Lopez-Figueroa Johnny
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this investigation stems from the global need for recognition regarding the use of propaganda in North Korea by the Kim regime to survive. Acknowledging the propaganda tactics used by North Korea can help educate people globally, helping them understand the serious and dangerous threat North Korea poses to the world and even its citizens. It is of uttermost importance that the depiction of these techniques is acknowledged and received, as the mere knowledge of North Korea’s hermit status is not enough. Ultimately, this investigation aimed to answer North Korea’s propaganda and censorship techniques to ensure successful control. Sources converged to provide an answer: the evident use of North Korean daily lives, museums, culture, and media are used as propagandistic measures to ensure the Kim regime stays in power. Without this use of propaganda, North Korea would not have been able to flourish into such an illiberal and hermit republic. The North Korean citizens are entirely isolated from the outside world; due to this, they are completely unaware of the dangers their country holds, as well as what the global world holds. Overall, this research paper aims to decipher and locate numerous propaganda techniques North Korea uses to keep the power of its illiberal state.
Effectiveness of the LVUSD Counseling Services in Supporting Students Related to College Admissions
Authors: Patel Jay
Published: August 2024

With the highly competitive college admissions process that occurs every year in the United States, many high school students often feel anxious and worried about getting into their “dream schools.” In an attempt to aid with this relatively new increase in competition, to combat widespread feelings of anxiety, stress, and worry among high school students, many school districts have implemented college and wellness counselors to aid students in this sophisticated problem, such as Las Virgenes Unified School District (LVUSD). With the recent widespread implementation of these innovative resources, nonetheless, there have been very few up-to-date studies evaluating the effectiveness of these programs in assisting the mental health of high school students around the U.S. 
Therefore, this study aimed to bridge this gap through a mixed-method survey that assessed the effectiveness of these services in LVUSD, and how they could be enhanced to better support students.
Results displayed that although the counseling services provided for the students in LVUSD are effective, they could be enhanced by adding additional counselors and increasing accessibility to these services in various ways to meet an increasing need for support. In addition, there were major differences as underclassmen tend to utilize and believe in the effectiveness of the wellness counseling services, compared to upperclassmen (specifically 12th graders), who believed in the efficacy and benefits of the college and career and academic counselors. By increasing awareness of the potential benefits and specific services provided by each counseling service, LVUSD high school students could be better supported.
Comparing the Efficacy of Homemade Bio-enzymes to Store-Bought Enzymes
Authors: Bhat Anish , Arora Krish , Wieland Natalie
Published: August 2024

The cleaning industry has seen a surge in the use of manufactured enzymes for their effectiveness in breaking down organic stains and residues. Although commercial, enzyme-based cleaning products have amassed popularity among the general public, concerns over their environmental consequences persist. This research study intends to comprehensively compare the efficacy of store-bought enzymes and homemade bio-enzymes in antimicrobial applications. Bio-enzymes are synthesized through fermentation of jaggery and complex polyphenols (sourced from orange rinds) in water. Both types of enzymes are assessed on their antimicrobial effectiveness by observing activity in gelatin-based spread bacteria plates. Finally, this study intends to address future research into the possibilities of manufacturing recyclable cleaning agents through enzyme immobilization in polymer composites.
Overview of Advanced Liquid Process System: Circulation of tritiated water in oceanic environment
Authors: Park Haewon , Ulus Yener
Published: August 2024

The recent Japanese disposal of Advanced Liquid Processing System (ALPS)-treated water is controversial. ALPS does not filter tritium. The objectives of this paper are (a) to examine how anthropogenic tritium triggers biological health impacts and (b) to review the circulation of tritiated water into the oceanic territory of the Republic of Korea. I reviewed the possibility of the bioaccumulation of tritium in the oceanic environment and its overall health impact. To be of significant status, they require complex conditions. I also reviewed the simulation of the possible path that disposed   pollutants will take from Fukushima. The simulation was then compared with the measured level of radionuclides around the Republic of Korea's oceanic territory by year. The data is divided into three parts (east, west, and south) and analyzed to check if the trends show any patterns in the level of tritium in the Republic of Korea. The levels checked in three areas showed a partial uniformity, which may be evidence that radionuclides entered the oceanic territory of the Republic of Korea. However, the level of tritium was extremely low compared to the regulations set by the World Health Organization and the Republic of Korea. Thus, the disposal of tritium will be less likely to affect the natural environment. Nevertheless, it is recommended to monitor disposed tritium by a third party, plan for compensation, and conduct intense research on the circulation of tritium to support the prevention of sudden failure of the emission system.
The Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Reviving the Voter Turnout Rates Among the Youth in Japan
Authors: Okamoto Yusei
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing voter turnout rates among the Japanese youth. It highlights the decline in youth participation in elections and suggests leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) and other forms of AI to enhance existing technologies such as Voting Advice Applications (VAAs) to engage and educate young voters. By tailoring political content to individual interests and simplifying complex policy discussions, AI can make political participation more accessible and relevant to the youth. The paper also addresses potential risks related to privacy and ethical considerations in deploying AI tools in electoral processes. It concludes that AI, if appropriately governed, offers a promising avenue to revitalize democratic engagement among young Japanese voters, thereby ensuring their voices contribute to shaping the nation's future.
Association of Mold Exposure with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Loonker Saesha , Radhakrishnan Varsha
Published: August 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease associated with immune dysregulation. Research suggests environmental exposures may contribute to AD development and exacerbation. AD is classified in the realm of allergies and asthma. Sensitivities to mycotoxins and other allergens may cause AD, as well as other inflammatory diseases. This paper reviews evidence on the relationship between mold exposure and AD. Multiple clinical studies find higher rates of AD and worsening symptoms in water-damaged buildings with mold contamination. Experimental studies demonstrate immune and skin barrier responses to mold allergens that may exacerbate symptoms of AD. However, significant research gaps remain regarding underlying mechanisms. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to establish causality between mold and AD while accounting for genetic and other environmental factors. Determining the impact of mold on AD has important implications for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Gaming Industry
Authors: Garcia-Portela Andrea , Lopez-Figueroa Johnny
Published: August 2024

The Esports sector is a significant phenomenon that has proliferated worldwide, resulting in the rise of professional players to celebrity status and accelerating technical improvements. Nevertheless, even with this growth, gender-based challenges that prevent women from participating at all levels mean that gender underrepresentation is still a problem. This circumstance not only upholds unfairness but also hinders the community's potential to grow in all directions. Understanding the many challenges faced by women in this field reveals systemic discrimination and limited opportunities, which manifest as exclusionary practices and demeaning exchanges. Despite these statistical disparities, the issue is not limited to statistics; it also involves objectification, sexualization, and stereotyping. It is crucial to address these deeply rooted stereotypes and structural flaws to establish an Esports community that is more equitable and inclusive, enabling everyone, regardless of gender, to develop their strengths and contributions to their full potential.
Thermoregulatory Responses To Lying Based on Age and Temperature
Authors: Hughes Matilda , Carlson Michelle
Published: August 2024

The main goal that was trying to be achieved throughout the course of this project was to determine if a subject is lying, based on the body temperature of an individual. This can also be known as the thermoregulatory responses in the metopic suture and the apex region between male and females. When law enforcement tries to determine whether a subject is lying, they could be able to figure it out based on the subject’s facial temperature increasing or decreasing. The two points, forehead and nose, were chosen because there is a location in the brain called the insula, which is located deep within the lateral sulcus of the brain, which shows a difference in temperature when a lie is told.  Insula activates brown adipose tissue to release heat, causing this phenomenon to occur. Ten subjects were used. Thirty questions were posed to each subject, and they were permitted to tell either the truth or a lie. After every question, the forehead and nose temperatures were taken. The results showed that when male and females lie, their temperature increases. The explanation for this is the area in the brain called the insula, which is more active in females and people over the ages of eighteen. For high insular activity to happen, it means the brain is trying hard to perform a complex task.
Brain Tumors
Authors: Arulmani Dhiyana , Manickam Rajapriya
Published: August 2024

Brain tumors are a result of uncontrolled growth of cells in the brain. This growth can be cancerous or noncancerous and cause damage to brain tissue which leads to loss of certain functions. Brain cancer is the 10th leading cause of death. There are 4 grades of brain tumors classified by the World Health Organization based on specific components of each type of tumor. Several factors seem to affect whether an individual is diagnosed with brain tumors: age, exposure to radiation, ethnicity and race, family history, weak immune system, and gender. There are various symptoms of brain tumors that are general as well as specific to the location of the tumor. Many types of treatments are available for brain tumors today such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. This article works to provide an overview of brain tumors discussing the types, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatments, and preventions.
The Harmful Effects of Chronic Stress on the Development of Cancer and The Strategies That Can Be Used to mitigate it
Authors: Shankar Manasa , Parajuli Dr. Prahlad , Kethar Jothsna , Torremocha Virgil
Published: August 2024

Stress, a state of worry caused by a difficult situation,  is carried out by the parasympathetic nervous system and acute or short-term stress can benefit us in many ways. However, chronic or long-term stress can be extremely harmful and provide detrimental effects to the body by weakening it. Studies have shown a correlation between chronic stress and cancer. One of the mechanisms chronic stress can contribute to cancer is by weakening our immune system. This paper reviews published articles to find connections among  the immune, endocrine and  nervous systems and how they interact via release of certain cytokines and hormones in response to stressful situations. The impact of enhanced inflammatory processes and cancer progression are discussed. This paper also sheds light into certain mental health issues that cancer patients have faced before or during their cancer diagnosis and treatment. There are certain factors, such as gender, age, genetics, and country or region of residence, which impact stress responses with implications on disease outcome. Cancer patients also experience a lot of changes in the neuronal structure, increase in glucocorticoid signaling, CRH gene expression, and HPA axis as well as DNA damage and p53 protein suppression, when they experience chronic stress. There are also elevated cortisol levels and HPA axis dysregulation which can be combated through anti-inflammatory treatments. The paper concludes by discussing how certain  activities, like yoga, tai-chi, and meditation can help alleviate chronic stress. The results are promising as there has been a decrease in self-reported depression and anxiety, and an increase in sleep, relaxation, and cognition.
Beyond The Tumor: A Review of Standard Procedures and Emerging Advancements in Treatments for Glioblastomas
Authors: Ramamoorthy Anargya , Parajuli Prahlad , Kethar Jothsna , Torremocha Virgel
Published: August 2024

Glioblastomas are a type of brain tumor, which–according to the Glioblastoma Research Organization–affects more than 241,000 people across the globe. While the causes of glioblastomas are largely unknown, research has shown that some glioblastomas arise likely due to genetic factors such as mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene or a 9p/13q deletion. Glioblastomas are extremely hard to treat because they rapidly proliferate, and spread into nearby brain  tissues. Surgery has long been used to remove glioblastomas, in order to minimize the intracranial pressure due to the growth of  tumor and to reduce tumor bulk for other therapies. However, surgical removal has been tough, since it is very hard to remove all the cancerous cells, and there is a high chance of tumor recurrence. In 2005, the FDA approved the drug temozolomide to be used in glioblastoma treatment following surgical removal. However, temozolomide is minimally effective and causes adverse effects in many patients. As of now, there is no real cure for glioblastoma. Therefore, there is a need to explore new treatments in order to increase the lifespan of glioblastoma patients, as well as to reduce unwarranted effects due to treatment. Newer treatments such as tumor treating fields and nanobots have shown to be promising for glioblastoma treatments. These new advancements have shown to be more precise, which reduces the concern of toxicity to healthy tissues. By researching various treatments for glioblastomas, this paper’s main goal is to explore alternative ways to treat glioblastomas effectively.