bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Trypanocidal Effect of the Extract and Isolated Compound of Corymbia torelliana Stem Bark against Trypanosoma brucei brucei (Federe Strain)
Authors: Makoshi M. S. , Arowolo R. O. A. , Olayemi F. O. , Oridupa O. A. , Azeez O. I. , Saba A. B. , Habila J. D.
Published: November 2023

African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) is a severe debilitating protozoan disease of livestock and some wild animal species. It is caused by the pathogenic trypanosome species, and transmitted by Tsetse flies. It affects about 60 million cattle in Africa, with about US$1.5 billion in annual losses. Eradication of the disease through chemotherapy and vaccine development has been hindered by parasite antigenic variation and its resistance to drugs. In this study, the crude ethanol stem bark extract of Corymbia torelliana was prepared by cold maceration in 70% Ethanol. It was further purified using the modified Kupchan partition method into n-hexane, Ethyl acetate, N-butanol and Aqueous pure fractions.  A pure compound was isolated from the ethyl acetate purified fraction using the column and thin layer chromatographic techniques. The isolated compound was named Makoshi_Mak1. The in vitro antitrypanosomal effects of the crude extract, the purified fractions and the isolated compound were then tested against the blood stream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei (Federe strain). 0.2 ml of prepared trypanosome suspension containing about 2x104 parasites was dispensed into each of seven clean test tubes using micropipettes. 0.2ml of prepared Ringer’s solution was also added to stabilize the parasites. Five varying concentrations of the crude extract, the extract fractions and the isolated compound (Makoshi_Mak1) were added to test tubes 1-5. Test tube 6 and 7 served as the negative and positive controls respectively. Aliquots of the contents of each test tube were examined under the microscope at x400 magnification for parasites motility at different time interval for 2 hours. The crude extract was effective at the concentrations of 12 mg/ml, 1.2 mg/ml,0.12 mg/ml and 0.012 mg/ml. the n-hexane fraction had efficacy at 0.12mg/ml and 0.096mg/ml. The Eethyl acetate fractions were effective at  0.12mg/ml, 0.096 mg/ml, 0.048mg/ml and 0.024mg/ml, the N-butanol fraction had efficacy at 0.12mg/ml and 0.096mg/ml, while the Aqueous fraction was effective at 0.2mg/ml, 0.16mg/ml and 0.08mg/ml. Makoshi_Mak1 was effective in vitro against T. brucei beucei at all the tested concentrations of 0.219mg/ml, 0.109mg/ml, 0.055mg/ml and 0.027mg/ml. Efficacy of the extracts and isolated compound was determined by parasite mortality, and was seen to be concentration dependent. Dead parasites appeared to float freely on the fluid environment, while the lysed parasites were seen as floating debris.  The results of the study showed that both the crude extract, the purified extract and the pure isolated compound of Corymbia torelliana had in vitro activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei in a concentration dependent manner. Corymbia torelliana can then be considered as a potential herbal antitrypanosomal drug candidate.
Effect of Organic Manures and Natural Farming on Quality and Economics of Carrot
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Panghal V. P. S. , Rahul  , Chasin  , Vipul
Published: November 2023

The objective of the experiment was to examine the effects of organic manures and natural farming on the quality and economics of carrots. It was conducted at the research farm of the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Centre of Excellence for Organic Farming of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during the rabi season. Three replications and eight treatments were included in the RBD design of the experiment. Three different organic manures were applied: FYM, vermicompost, poultry manure and in combination with biofertilizer (Azatobacter and PSB). Treatment of cow based bio-formulations (Ghanajeevamrit and Jeevamrit) and control was also included as treatment where no biofertilizer and manure were used. The study revealed significant improvements in almost all quality attributes due to the combined application of organic manures along with biofertilizer. Among different treatments, vermicompost + biofertilizer surpassed all other treatments by giving maximum root yield (283.4 qha-1), maximum content of the total sugar (8.79%), reducing sugar (4.09%), non-reducing sugar (4.64%), TSS (11.5°Brix) and Chlorophyll content in leaves (4.37 nmol cm-2). Also, the treatment vermicompost + biofertilizer gave maximum gross return (Rs. 425100 ha-1), net return (Rs. 232873 ha-1), and Benefit Cost ratio (2.21). It was also observed during the study that control treatment showed lowest findings among all the treatments.
Comprehensive Genetic Analysis of Yield and Yield-Related Traits in Soybean Germplasms for Enhanced Crop Improvement
Authors: Lodhi Bhumika Singh , Kumar Pramod , Chouhan Monika , Rajpoot Alok , Jha Amit
Published: November 2023

In the context of escalating global food demands, this study provides a comprehensive genetic analysis of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), focusing on 13 distinct traits that contribute to yield and quality. We investigated four phenological traits marking critical growth phases and nine quantitative traits, utilizing an analysis of variance to highlight the significant genetic influences on these variables. The study reveals that phenotypic and genotypic variances, when measured through the coefficient of variability, present a deeper understanding of soybean variability than variance analysis alone. This is underscored by our findings where phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) values consistently exceeded genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) across all traits, indicating the substantial effect of genotype-environment interactions. The highest GCV was observed in seed yield and biological yield, indicating these traits' potential for genetic improvement. Heritability studies showed days to physiological maturity as the trait with the highest inheritability, suggesting its stability across environmental conditions. Moreover, the significant genetic advance as a percentage of the mean for grain yield and biological yield underscores the potential for considerable gains through selective breeding. By identifying traits governed by additive genes, such as the weight of a hundred seeds and grain yield, our study indicates promising avenues for future soybean breeding programs to enhance these characteristics.
Second Primary Lung Cancer Among Lung Cancer Survivors Who Never Smoked
Authors: Choi Eunji , Su Chloe C. , Wu Julie T. , Aredo Jacqueline V. , Neal Joel W. , Leung Ann N. , Backhus Leah M. , Lui Natalie S. , Le Marchand Loïc , Stram Daniel O. , Liang Su-Ying , Cheng Iona , Wakelee Heather A. , Han Summer S.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Lung cancer among never-smokers accounts for 25% of all lung cancers in the US; recent therapeutic advances have improved survival among patients with initial primary lung cancer (IPLC), who are now at high risk of developing second primary lung cancer (SPLC). As smoking rates continue to decline in the US, it is critical to examine more closely the epidemiology of lung cancer among patients who never smoked, including their risk for SPLC.

Objective

To estimate and compare the cumulative SPLC incidence among lung cancer survivors who have never smoked vs those who have ever smoked.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based prospective cohort study used data from the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC), which enrolled participants between April 18, 1993, and December 31, 1996, with follow-up through July 1, 2017. Eligible individuals for this study were aged 45 to 75 years and had complete smoking data at baseline. These participants were followed up for IPLC and further SPLC development through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. The data were analyzed from July 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023.

Exposures

Never-smoking vs ever-smoking exposure at MEC enrollment.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The study had 2 primary outcomes: (1) 10-year cumulative incidence of IPLC in the entire study cohort and 10-year cumulative incidence of SPLC among patients with IPLC and (2) standardized incidence ratio (SIR) (calculated as the SPLC incidence divided by the IPLC incidence) by smoking history.

Results

Among 211 414 MEC participants, 7161 (3.96%) developed IPLC over 4 038 007 person-years, and 163 (2.28%) developed SPLC over 16 470 person-years. Of the participants with IPLC, the mean (SD) age at cohort enrollment was 63.6 (7.7) years, 4031 (56.3%) were male, and 3131 (43.7%) were female. The 10-year cumulative IPLC incidence was 2.40% (95% CI, 2.31%-2.49%) among ever-smokers, which was 7 times higher than never-smokers (0.34%; 95% CI, 0.30%-0.37%). However, the 10-year cumulative SPLC incidence following IPLC was as high among never-smokers (2.84%; 95% CI, 1.50%-4.18%) as ever-smokers (2.72%; 95% CI, 2.24%-3.20%), which led to a substantially higher SIR for never-smokers (14.50; 95% CI, 8.73-22.65) vs ever-smokers (3.50; 95% CI, 2.95-4.12).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings indicate that SPLC risk among lung cancer survivors who never smoked is as high as among those with IPLC who ever-smoked, highlighting the need to identify risk factors for SPLC among patients who never smoked and to develop a targeted surveillance strategy.
Transforming Team Performance Through Reimplementation of the Surgical Safety Checklist
Authors: Etheridge James C. , Moyal-Smith Rachel , Yong Tze Tein , Lim Shu Rong , Sonnay Yves , Lim Christine , Tan Hiang Khoon , Brindle Mary E. , Havens Joaquim M.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Patient safety interventions, like the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist, require effective implementation strategies to achieve meaningful results. Institutions with underperforming checklists require evidence-based guidance for reimplementing these practices to maximize their impact on patient safety.

Objective

To assess the ability of a comprehensive system of safety checklist reimplementation to change behavior, enhance safety culture, and improve outcomes for surgical patients.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective type 2 hybrid implementation-effectiveness study took place at 2 large academic referral centers in Singapore. All operations performed at either hospital were eligible for observation. Surveys were distributed to all operating room staff.

Intervention

The study team developed a comprehensive surgical safety checklist reimplementation package based on the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment framework. Best practices from implementation science and human factors engineering were combined to redesign the checklist. The revised instrument was reimplemented in November 2021.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Implementation outcomes included penetration and fidelity. The primary effectiveness outcome was team performance, assessed by trained observers using the Oxford Non-Technical Skills (NOTECH) system before and after reimplementation. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture was used to assess safety culture and observers tracked device-related interruptions (DRIs). Patient safety events, near-miss events, 30-day mortality, and serious complications were tracked for exploratory analyses.

Results

Observers captured 252 cases (161 baseline and 91 end point). Penetration of the checklist was excellent at both time points, but there were significant improvements in all measures of fidelity after reimplementation. Mean NOTECHS scores increased from 37.1 to 42.4 points (4.3 point adjusted increase; 95% CI, 2.9-5.7; P < .001). DRIs decreased by 86.5% (95% CI, −22.1% to −97.8%; P = .03). Significant improvements were noted in 9 of 12 composite areas on culture of safety surveys. Exploratory analyses suggested reductions in patient safety events, mortality, and serious complications.

Conclusions and Relevance

Comprehensive reimplementation of an established checklist intervention can meaningfully improve team behavior, safety culture, patient safety, and patient outcomes. Future efforts will expand the reach of this system by testing a structured guidebook coupled with light-touch implementation guidance in a variety of settings.
Operative vs Nonoperative Management of Acute Cholecystitis During the Different Trimesters of Pregnancy
Authors: Hantouli Mariam N. , Droullard David J. , Nash Michael G. , Benson Lyndsey S. , Wright Andrew S. , Flum David R. , Davidson Giana H.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Acute cholecystitis (AC) management during pregnancy requires balancing the risk of pregnancy loss or preterm delivery (adverse pregnancy outcomes [APOs]) with or without surgery. Guidelines recommend cholecystectomy across trimesters; however, trimester-specific evidence on the risks of AC and its management is lacking.

Objective

To assess cholecystectomy frequency in pregnant people with AC, compare the rates of APOs in pregnant people with or without AC, and compare the rates of APOs in people with AC who did or did not undergo cholecystectomy.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective, population-based cohort study used data for pregnant people with AC from the IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2019, and a propensity score–matched cohort of pregnant people without AC. Trimester status (first [T1], second [T2], and third [T3]), APOs, and cholecystectomy were defined by administrative claims. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to July 2022.

Exposures

Pregnant patients with or without AC. Pregnant patients with AC who did or did not receive cholecystectomy.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were cholecystectomy during pregnancy and APOs (ie, preterm delivery and pregnancy loss). Pregnant patients with and without AC were compared to assess the association of AC with risk of APOs. Propensity score inverse-probability weighting was used to calculate treatment-associated APO risk among patients with 1-year follow-up.

Results

The study included 5759 pregnant patients with AC (mean [SD] age, 30.1 [6.6] years) and 23 036 controls (mean [SD] age, 29.9 [6.7] years) after propensity score matching. Among 3426 pregnant patients with AC and 1-year follow-up, 1182 (34.5%) underwent cholecystectomy during the pregnancy (684 [41.7%] presenting with AC in T1, 404 [40.4%] in T2, and 94 [12.0%] in T3). Acute cholecystitis during pregnancy, irrespective of treatment, was associated with higher odds of APO compared with no AC during pregnancy across all trimesters (odds ratio [OR], 1.69 [95% CI, 1.54-1.85]). Compared with nonoperative management, receipt of surgery was associated with lower odds of APOs across all trimesters (OR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.63-0.87]), in T1 (OR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.66-1.00]), in T2 (OR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.50-1.00]), and in T3 (OR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.28-0.70]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, cholecystectomy was associated with lower risk of APO in patients with AC across all trimesters, with the greatest benefit in T3. However, only 34.5% overall and 12.0% of patients in T3 had a cholecystectomy. These findings support guidelines recommending cholecystectomy during pregnancy and should inform decision-making discussions. Greater guideline adherence and surgery use, especially in T3, may represent an opportunity to improve outcomes for pregnant people with AC.
Chemical Composition and Potential Antimicrobial and Anti‐Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oil from Fruits of Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm.
Authors: Hou Jiaojiao , Gong Huxuan , Gong Zan , Qin Xiangxiang , Nie Jing , Zhu Hua , Zhong Shian
Published: November 2023

Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm. was extensively used in traditional medicine for its several properties, but continuous investigation is needed to discover the properties of its essential oils (EOs). This work evaluated the properties of an EO obtained by steam distillation (named ESD) as well as extracts obtained by petroleum ether (named EP) both from Alpinia zerumbet fruits. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) was chosen to identify the composition, and eleven compounds were identified as the main components of the EO and EP of Alpinia zerumbet fruits. The antimicrobial properties were investigated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the inhibition area. The results identified the differences in antimicrobial activities attributed to different extraction methods. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western Blot (WB) assay were conducted to assess the anti‐inflammatory effects of ESD. In conclusion, our study suggested that EO from Alpinia zerumbet fruits might be a prospective candidate for antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory therapy.
Catalytic Cracking of 1,3,5‐Triisopropylbenzene and Low‐Density Polyethylene over Hierarchical Y Zeolites and Al‐SBA‐15
Authors: Mensah Jim , Yan Penghui , Rawal Aditya , Lee Adam F. , Wilson Karen , Robinson Neil , Johns Michael L. , Kennedy Eric , Stockenhuber Michael
Published: November 2023

Catalytic cracking of high molecular weight hydrocarbons underpins the production of fossil fuels from petroleum vapour and the recycling of polyolefin waste plastic. However, thermal cracking over conventional microporous solid acids is hindered by poor mass‐transport. Here we explore the performance of hierarchical H−Y zeolites and Al‐SBA‐15 for the catalytic cracking of 1,3,5‐triisopropylbenzene (1,3,5‐TIPB) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) in a continuous fixed‐bed flow reactor. Dealumination by acid washing was used to create hierarchical mesoporosity in H−Y zeolite and modify the solid acidity. Physicochemical properties were studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gas adsorption, in‐situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ex‐situ pyridine DRIFT, 29Si and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and 1H relaxation and pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR diffusion studies. Despite weakening acidity, the introduction of hierarchical porosity promotes deep cracking of both feedstocks; HNO3 dealuminated H−Y produces five times more cumene and benzene from 1,3‐5‐TIPB, and 33 % more benzene and xylenes from LDPE, than the parent H−Y.
Chemical looping gasification of biomass using rare earth oxides doped ferric oxide oxygen carrier for hydrogen‐rich syngas production
Authors: Lin Chengqian , Wang Jun , Huang Qunxing , Wang Shoukang , Jin Jianlong , Jin Yuqi , Chi Yong
Published: November 2023

An efficient oxygen carrier (OC) is in great demand in the biomass chemical looping gasification (BCLG) process. In the present study, an innovative rare earth oxide doped ferric oxide OC (Fe2O3−REaOb) derived from the Nd‐Fe‐B sintered magnet waste scraps was employed for the BCLG process for hydrogen‐rich syngas production. The critical variables, including the temperature of gasification, the mass ratio of OC/biomass, the mass ratio of steam/biomass, and the cycle performance of the novel OC, were investigated regarding syngas yield and carbon conversion efficiency. Results found that the optimum conditions were achieved at 900°C, with a mass ratio of OC to biomass of 3:1 and a mass ratio of steam to biomass of 0.4, and a syngas yield of 1.19 Nm3/kg with an H2/CO mole ratio of 2.45, and a carbon conversion efficiency of 76.80% was reached. Additionally, a comparison between Fe2O3−REaOb OC, Fe2O3−Al2O3 OC, and Fe2O3−CeO2 OC was also conducted, with Fe2O3−REaOb OC demonstrating a superior performance. The synergistic effects between REaOb and Fe2O3, particularly the generation of perovskite oxide NdFeO3, contributed to the excellent performance of the Fe2O3−REaOb OC during the BCLG process. The outward diffusion of Fe and sintering of the OC reduced the syngas yield and carbon conversion efficiency by about 16.00% and 25.00% over the 20 redox cycles of the BCLG process. In summary, Fe2O3−REaOb can be an efficient and promising OC for hydrogen‐rich syngas production in the BCLG process.
Living on the edge: Predicting songbird response to management and environmental changes across an ecotone
Authors: Van Lanen Nicholas J. , Monroe Adrian P. , Aldridge Cameron L.
Published: November 2023

Effective wildlife management requires robust information regarding population status, habitat requirements, and likely responses to changing resource conditions. Single‐species management may inadequately conserve communities and result in undesired effects to non‐target species. Thus, management can benefit from understanding habitat relationships for multiple species. Pinyon pine and juniper (Pinus spp. and Juniperus spp.) are expanding into sagebrush‐dominated (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems within North America and mechanical removal of these trees is frequently conducted to restore sagebrush ecosystems and recover Greater Sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). However, pinyon‐juniper removal effects on non‐target species are poorly understood, and changing pinyon‐juniper woodland dynamics, climate, and anthropogenic development may obscure conservation priorities. To better predict responses to changing resource conditions, evaluate non‐target effects of pinyon‐juniper removal, prioritize species for conservation, and inform species recovery within pinyon‐juniper and sagebrush ecosystems, we modeled population trends and density‐habitat relationships for four sagebrush‐associated, four pinyon‐juniper‐associated, and three generalist songbird species with respect to these ecosystems. We fit hierarchical population models to point count data collected throughout the western United States from 2008 to 2020. We found regional population changes for 10 of 11 species investigated; 6 of which increased in the highest elevation region of our study. Our models indicate pinyon‐juniper removal will benefit Brewer's Sparrow (Spizella breweri), Green‐tailed Towhee (Pipilo chlorurus), and Sage Thrasher (Oreoscoptes montanus) densities. Conversely, we predict largest negative effects of pinyon‐juniper removal for species occupying early successional pinyon‐juniper woodlands: Bewick's Wren (Thryomanes bewickii), Black‐throated Gray Warblers (Setophaga nigrescens), Gray Flycatcher (Empidonax wrightii), and Juniper Titmouse (Baeolophus ridgwayi). Our results highlight the importance of considering effects to non‐target species before implementing large‐scale habitat manipulations. Our modeling framework can help prioritize species and regions for conservation action, infer effects of management interventions and a changing environment on wildlife, and help land managers balance habitat requirements across ecosystems.
Integrated workflow for the identification of new GABAAR positive allosteric modulators based on the in silico screening with further in vitro validation. Case study using Enamine's stock chemical space
Authors: Platonov Maksym , Maximyuk Oleksandr , Rayevsky Alexey , Iegorova Olena , Hurmach Vasyl , Holota Yuliia , Bulgakov Elijah , Cherninskyi Andrii , Karpov Pavel , Ryabukhin Sergey , Krishtal Oleg , Volochnyuk Dmitriy
Published: November 2023

Numerous studies reported an association between GABAAR subunit genes and epilepsy, eating disorders, autism spectrum disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and bipolar disorders. This study was aimed to find some potential positive allosteric modulators and was performed by combining the in silico approach with further in vitro evaluation of its real activity. We started from the GABAAR‐diazepam complexes and assembled a lipid embedded protein ensemble to refine it via molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Then we focused on the interaction of α1β2γ2 with some Z‐drugs (non‐benzodiazepine compounds) using an Induced Fit Docking (IFD) into the relaxed binding site to generate a pharmacophore model. The pharmacophore model was validated with a reference set and applied to decrease the pre‐filtered Enamine database before the main docking procedure. Finally, we succeeded in identifying a set of compounds, which met all features of the docking model. The aqueous solubility and stability of these compounds in mouse plasma were assessed. Then they were tested for the biological activity using the rat Purkinje neurons and CHO cells with heterologously expressed human α1β2γ2 GABAA receptors. Whole‐cell patch clamp recordings were used to reveal the GABA induced currents.

Our study represents a convenient and tunable model for the discovery of novel positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors. A High‐throughput virtual screening of the largest available database of chemical compounds resulted in the selection of 23 compounds. Further electrophysiological tests allowed us to determine a set of 3 the most outstanding active compounds. Considering the structural features of leader compounds, the study can develop into the MedChem project soon.
Efficacy of apparent diffusion coefficient values for normal submandibular glands and acute submandibular sialadenitis
Authors: Muraoka Hirotaka , Kaneda Takashi , Ito Kotaro , Hirahara Naohisa , Otsuka Kohei , Tokunaga Satoshi
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study aimed to assess the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of normal salivary glands and acute submandibular sialadenitis (SS).

Methods

This retrospective study included 22 patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the Nihon University School of Dentistry between February 2018 and May 2022. ADC values were compared between the acute SS and control group. Data with non‐normality confirmed by Shapiro–Wilk test was analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

The mean ADC values were 1.03 ± 0. 09 × 10−3 and 1.22 ± 0.17 × 10−3 mm2/s in the normal and acute SS groups, respectively (p < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed a cutoff ADC value of 1.1 for distinguishing acute SS from the normal.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that ADC values are useful for the quantitative assessment of acute SS.
Low‐cost BPO4 In Situ Synthetic Li3PO4 Coating and B/P‐Doping to Boost 4.8 V Cyclability for Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Shi Jie , Ma Zhihui , Wu Di , Yu Yue , Wang Zhen , Fang Yixing , Chen Dishuang , Shang Shuai , Qu Xuanhui , Li Ping
Published: November 2023

Structural damage of Ni‐rich layered oxide cathodes such as LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) and serious interfacial side reactions and physical contact failures with sulfide electrolytes (SEs) are the main obstacles restricting ≥4.6 V high‐voltage cyclability of all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). To tackle this constraint, here, a modified NCM811 with Li3PO4 coating and B/P co‐doping using inexpensive BPO4 as raw materials via the one‐step in situ synthesis process is presented. Phosphates have good electrochemical stability and contain the same anion (O2−) and cation (P5+) as in cathode and SEs, respectively, thus Li3PO4 coating precludes interfacial anion exchange, lessening side reactivity. Based on the high bond energy of B─O and P─O, the lattice O and crystal texture of NCM811 can be stabilized by B3+/P5+ co‐doping, thereby suppressing microcracks during high‐voltage cycling. Therefore, when tested in combination with Li─In anode and Li6PS5Cl solid electrolytes (LPSCl), the modified NCM811 exhibits extraordinary performance, with 200.36 mAh g−1 initial discharge capacity (4.6 V), cycling 2300 cycles with decay rate as low as 0.01% per cycle (1C), and 208.26 mAh g−1 initial discharge capacity (4.8 V), cycling 1986 cycles with 0.02% per cycle decay rate. Simultaneously, it also has remarkable electrochemical abilities at both −20 °C and 60 °C.
Faculty – Graduate teaching assistant mentoring model: Chaos theory in action
Authors: Harrison Jamie , Roodsari Sedighe Zamani
Published: November 2023

In this study, collaboration has been revisited between an American faculty member and an international graduate teaching assistant during a unique faculty‐student mentoring model within principles of chaos theory. The role of culture, beliefs about language learning and teaching had been studied closely to improve faculty/international students’ cooperation in academic settings. The research focused on the nature of the collaborative experience of a faculty member and a graduate teaching assistant in designing and implementing an authentic language learning experience into a graduate level linguistic course and the role of dynamism and chaos theory evident in this mentoring model. Participants engaged in collaborative planning of a language learning experience embedded into a graduate level linguistic course. Reflective journals of participants and assignments were analyzed to better understand the experiences of the collaborators and the ways their culture, beliefs, and mentoring model impacted andragogical choices for instruction and learning of participants and students. Through self‐study, the researchers explored their professional identity and their academic flexibility within the organizational boundaries. The results of the study unveiled the complexity and chaos of each phase of cooperation and how the participants applied flexibility to achieve a more linear teaching/learning process. The collaboration between American faculty and international GTA under the shadow of chaos twisted by culture, beliefs, and hierarchy could still generate novice andragogical practices in higher education to contribute implications for collaborative work across cultures and hierarchies.
Implementation of a faculty student mentor program and lessons learned
Authors: Rowe Erica L. , Zamiela Sarah M.
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this article is to describe the creation and implementation of a faculty student mentoring program at an accelerated school of pharmacy, and to review ‘best practices’ relating to mentoring programs.
Evaluating the feasibility, utility, and impact of engaging in mentorship assessment to improve doctoral mentoring relationships
Authors: Fedesco Heather N. , Kraner Ella Rose , Dolan Erin L.
Published: November 2023

This article describes a mentorship assessment structure designed to improve doctoral student‐research advisor mentoring relationships. We report the experiences of students and advisors as they completed the process to assess the feasibility, utility, and impact of engaging in mentorship assessment.
A positive leadership doctoral mentor training course
Authors: Stadtlander Lee , Lynn Laura Knight , Inman Deborah
Published: November 2023

This article describes a training course grounded in positive leadership theory for experienced online doctoral mentoring faculty. It includes theoretical underpinning as well as a description of required readings and weekly assignments.
Die Pflicht zur Anpassung der Landesraumordnungspläne an Ziele der Bundesraumordnungspläne – Rechtsfragen des neuen §13 Abs. 1a ROG
Authors: Kümper Boas
Published: November 2023

Durch das Gesetz zur Änderung des Raumordnungsgesetzes und anderer Vorschriften vom 3.3.2023
(ROGÄndG) hat der Bundesgesetzgeber mit §13 Abs. 1a ROG eine Pflicht zur Anpassung der Landesraumordnungspläne,
d.h. der landesweiten und regionalen Raumordnungspläne, zur Anpassung an die in den Raumordnungsplänen
des Bundes festgelegten Ziele der Raumordnung aufgenommen. Die im Gefüge von Bundes- und Landesplanung
neuartige und im Gesetzgebungsprozess umstrittene Vorschrift soll der in §1 Abs. 4 BauGB vorgesehenen
Verpflichtung der Gemeinden zur Anpassung ihrer Bauleitpläne an die Ziele der Raumordnung nachempfunden
sein. Der Beitrag geht den durch §13 Abs. 1a ROG aufgeworfenen Rechtsfragen nach.
Breaking away from an endemic state of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa by daily sink disinfection
Authors: Iwasaki Sumio , Sato Rikako , Kagami Keisuke , Akizawa Kouji , Hayasaka Kasumi , Fukumoto Tatsuya , Taki Keisuke , Niinuma Yusuke , Yamada Takehiro , Oyamada Reiko , Watanabe Tsubasa , Nakakubo Sho , Watanabe Chiaki , Teshima Takanori , Ishiguro Nobuhisa
Published: November 2023

The detection rate of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients admitted to 2 wards and the intensive care unit decreased from 20.3% (129 of 636 isolates) to 4.2% (37 of 889 isolates) after the start of disinfection of hand washing sinks using alkyl diaminoethylglycine hydrochloride.
Little James: Μικρός as an Indication of Height or Affection not Comparative Age in Mark 15.40
Authors: Soon Isaac T.
Published: November 2023

This article argues that, based on a close reading of the ancient textual, documentary and epigraphic evidence, the expression ὁ μικρός in Mark 15.40 is most likely a nickname regarding this James’ particular height or potentially an affectionate indication that he is a child. The expression ὁ μικρός is not an indication of comparative age to another person (‘younger’). The evidence from ancient epigraphy and the LXX, initially provided by Adolf Deissmann to support a longstanding reading of ὁ μικρός as ‘the younger’ in Mark 15.40, proves to be less than reliable.
Mechanical actuation via resorbable materials
Authors: Parkinson Bethany , Sargent Brandon , Roubicek Clark , Magleby Spencer , Garcia Victor , Howell Larry
Published: November 2023

Resorbable materials – or materials which diffuse into their surroundings – present a promising means of actuating mechanical systems. In current practice, such as in the realm of in vivo surgical devices, resorbable materials are intended to perform a temporary function and completely dissolve when that function is completed (e.g., resorbable sutures). In this paper, resorbable materials are proposed for use in a different way: as a means for actuation. We propose an approach and physical prototypes to demonstrate that resorbable materials, combined with stored energy, can be used to actuate mechanical systems under several loading conditions and in various applications. Rotary and linear actuation methods, as well as gradual and delayed instantaneous actuations, are demonstrated. Using the principles illustrated here, resorbable materials offer unique, customizable ways to actuate a variety of mechanisms in a wide range of domains.
Background Pycnocline Depth Constrains Future Ocean Heat Uptake Efficiency
Authors: Newsom Emily , Zanna Laure , Gregory Jonathan
Published: November 2023

The Ocean Heat Uptake Efficiency (OHUE) quantifies the ocean's ability to mitigate surface warming through deep heat sequestration. Despite its importance, the main controls on OHUE, and on its two‐fold spread across contemporary climate models, remain unclear. We argue that OHUE is primarily controlled by mid‐latitude ventilation strength in the background climate, itself related to pycnocline depth and stratification. This hypothesis is supported by a strong correlation between mid‐latitude (30–60°) OHUE and the near‐global average (60°S–60°N) pycnocline depth in CMIP5 and CMIP6 AOGCMs under RCP85/SSP585, and in a parameter perturbation ensemble of ocean GCM (MITgcm) experiments. This correlation explains about 70% of the CMIP5‐6 spread in global OHUE. The relationship provides a pathway toward observationally constraining OHUE, and thus reducing uncertainty in projections of future global climate change and sea level rise.
Validation of INSAT‐3D and INSAT‐3DR Temperature Profile Retrievals Using Ground‐Based, Satellite, and Reanalysis Data
Authors: Gopikrishnan G. S. , Kuttippurath J. , Thapliyal P. K. , Shukla M. V.
Published: November 2023

Nowcasting and short‐range predictions of severe weather events require frequent observations of atmospheric thermodynamic state. To meet these requirements, India has launched a series of advanced weather satellites in geostationary platform, with Indian National Satellite System (INSAT)‐3D and INSAT‐3DR as first two satellites placed in this orbit. Both satellites are designed for meteorological observations, particularly the vertical profiles of temperature and humidity at hourly intervals. As these satellites are relatively new, there is a need to validate and make accuracy assessment of their retrievals prior to scientific analyses. These sounders have a spatial resolution of 10 km, and measurements are available from 2014 to date. This study makes use of collocated measurements of INSAT‐3D and INSAT‐3DR with those from 18 radiosondes, Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), and reanalysis data within the troposphere (1,000–100 hPa) to validate INSAT data. We analyzed the data for India land regions, and found an average bias of about 2–3 K (1–1.5 K) in most regions, when INSAT‐3D (3DR) is compared to AIRS measurements. Compared to the reanalysis data, INSAT‐3D (3DR) shows a bias within 2.5–5 K (2–3 K) in lower troposphere, 1.5–2.5 K (1–2 K) in mid‐troposphere and 1.5–2.5 (<2 K) in upper troposphere. Similar biases were also estimated with radiosonde measurements. In general, the validation shows that temperature profiles are generally accurate within 1–1.5 K, and INSAT‐3DR retrievals are better than that of INSAT‐3D. Nevertheless, a better cloud filter together with an advanced radiative transfer model can further improve the algorithm used for retrieval.
Climate change and ecosystem shifts in the southwestern United States
Authors: Harris Grant M. , Sesnie Steven E. , Stewart David R.
Published: November 2023

Climate change shifts ecosystems, altering their compositions and instigating transitions, making climate change the predominant driver of ecosystem instability. Land management agencies experience these climatic effects on ecosystems they administer yet lack applied information to inform mitigation. We address this gap, explaining ecosystem shifts by building relationships between the historical locations of 22 ecosystems (c. 2000) and abiotic data (1970–2000; bioclimate, terrain) within the southwestern United States using ‘ensemble’ machine learning models. These relationships identify the conditions required for establishing and maintaining southwestern ecosystems (i.e., ecosystem suitability). We projected these historical relationships to mid (2041–2060) and end-of-century (2081–2100) periods using CMIP6 generation BCC-CSM2-MR and GFDL-ESM4 climate models with SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 emission scenarios. This procedure reveals how ecosystems shift, as suitability typically increases in area (~ 50% (~ 40% SD)), elevation (12–15%) and northing (4–6%) by mid-century. We illustrate where and when ecosystems shift, by mapping suitability predictions temporally and within 52,565 properties (e.g., Federal, State, Tribal). All properties had ≥ 50% changes in suitability for ≥ 1 ecosystem within them, irrespective of size (≥ 16.7 km2). We integrated 9 climate models to quantify predictive uncertainty and exemplify its relevance. Agencies must manage ecosystem shifts transcending jurisdictions. Effective mitigation requires collective action heretofore rarely instituted. Our procedure supplies the climatic context to inform their decisions.
Impact on the German asymptomatic screening strategy based on actual user data from SARS-CoV-2 test centers
Authors: Grohmann Marcus , Grosch Janina , Conrady Beate , Schomakers Lena , Witte Anna Kristina
Published: November 2023

Since March 2021, Germany has been providing cost-free severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen tests, and many day-to-day activities following the lockdown have required negative test results. Yet it remains unclear how tests have been used and whether there are patterns connected to mitigation measures. We analyzed over 50,000 anonymized records from eight test centers in a typical medium-sized city, with one of them remaining open continuously from March until December 2021. The centers exhibit distinct patterns of visitor types, with the majority tested only once in the investigated period. Individuals who underwent repeated testing tended to favor the same location. A preference for spontaneous testing grew in proportion to the availability of spare tests. Visitors aged 18 to 30 years were distinctly overrepresented compared to the local demographic. A negative binominal model showed that implemented mitigation measures had an impact on the number of tests conducted. Cost-free testing in private facilities was implemented into the German complementary screening strategy, aiming to achieve weekly population-wide testing. This study demonstrates these facilities were rarely used for regular testing but rather for meeting requirements of certified tests. The results should aid authorities in making future decisions regarding infection control.
Tayler–Spruit dynamo simulations for the modeling of radiative stellar layers
Authors: Petitdemange L. , Marcotte F. , Gissinger C. , Daniel F.
Published: November 2023

Context. Maxwell stresses exerted by dynamo-generated magnetic fields have been proposed as an efficient mechanism to transport angular momentum in radiative stellar layers. Numerical simulations are still needed to understand its trigger conditions and the saturation mechanisms.

Aims. The present study follows up on a recent paper where we reported on the first simulations of Tayler-Spruit dynamos. Here we extend the parameter space explored to assess in particular the influence of stratification on the dynamo solutions. We also present numerical verification of theoretical assumptions made previously that were instrumental in deriving the classical prescription for angular momentum transport implemented in stellar evolution codes.

Methods. A simplified radiative layer is modeled numerically by considering the dynamics of a stably stratified, differentially rotating, magnetized fluid in a spherical shell.

Results. Our simulations display a diversity of magnetic field topologies and amplitudes depending on the flow parameters, including hemispherical solutions. The Tayler-Spruit dynamos reported here are found to satisfy magnetostrophic equilibrium and achieve efficient turbulent transport of angular momentum, following Spruit’s heuristic prediction.
Citrus Anticancer Research: A Bibliometric Mapping of Emerging Topics
Authors: Wulandari Febri , Sari Asti Arum , Hanifa Mila , Hidayatullah Muhammad Haqqi
Published: November 2023

Research on the potential anticancer effects of citrus has been widely published in scientific journals. Still, a bibliometric analysis concerning this topic has not been executed. This study employed bibliometric mapping to analyze articles related to citrus anticancer from the Scopus Database and visualized the results using the VOSviewer. In this review, 442 papers published between 1995 and 2023 were selected. Jeju National University in South Korea is recognized as a top contributor. According to the analysis, apoptosis and anticancer are the two specific keywords in the field with the highest co-occurrence. The other keywords in the selected papers were hesperidin, naringenin, nobiletin, apoptosis, and flavonoids. We also found the following steps in this research area: formulation, synthesis, and in vivo preclinical studies. Research trends have shifted from the crude extract to practical applications of specific flavonoid compounds with structure modification to improve their anticancer properties. Still, clinical trials in humans are lacking in this research area and should be further investigated to embrace citrus flavonoids as an anticancer candidate. This analysis and mapping provide a comprehensive understanding of research on the potential anticancer effect of citrus.
Exploring Reinforcement Learning Methods for Multiple Sequence Alignment: A Brief Review
Authors: Gaad Chaimaa , Chadi Mohamed-Amine , Sraitih Mohamed , Aamouche Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) plays a vital role in uncovering similarities among biological sequences such as DNA, RNA, or proteins, providing valuable information about their structural, functional, and evolutionary relationships. However, MSA is a computationally challenging problem, with complexity growing exponentially as the number and length of sequences increase. Currently, standard MSA tools like ClustalW, T-Coffee, and MAFFT, which are based on heuristic algorithms, are widely used but still face many challenges due to the combinatorial explosion. Recent advancements in MSA algorithms have employed reinforcement learning (RL), particularly deep reinforcement learning (DRL), and demonstrated optimized execution time and accuracy with promising results. This is because deep reinforcement learning algorithms update their search policies using gradient descent, instead of exploring the entire solution space making it significantly faster and efficient. In this article, we provide an overview of the recent historical advancements in MSA algorithms, highlighting RL models used to tackle the MSA problem and main challenges and opportunities in this regard.
Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Eel Fish Trypsin (Anguilla bicolor McClelland) as Potential Candidates Protease Enzyme
Authors: Kulsum Yuni , Nugrahapraja Husna
Published: November 2023

Trypsin is one alkaline protease type widely used in various industry fields. One type of potential fish trypsin source is Anguilla bicolor. This study aims to characterize biochemical and molecular characterization of eel fish trypsin (Anguilla bicolor McClelland) as a possible candidate protease enzyme. The method used in this research is experimental research consisting of biochemical and molecular characterization. Fish Trypsin Extract was isolated from the digestive organs and then crushed using an electric homogenizer. During the pulverization process, 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer was added at a ratio of 1: 8 (w/v). The supernatant was then collected and can be stored at -80°C to measure enzyme activity. The treatment was given to juveniles and adults with stadia of Anguilla bicolor. While the molecular method was carried out using In Silico analysis in the analysis of the diversity of trypsin sequences in various fish species, preparation of specific primers, and analysis of Whole Genome Sequencing diversity of different species of Anguilla Spp. After that, extraction of Anguilla bicolor DNA, optimization of primer annealing temperature, DNA amplification, fish trypsin DNA fragments using the Sanger and Nanopore methods, and analysis of sequencing and phylogenetic results. The result of the protein content of the trypsin extract in the juvenile stage of Anguilla bicolor had an average of 0.488 ± 0.004 g/dL, and the adult stage of Anguilla bicolor had an average of 1.778 ± 0.080 g/dL. The highest trypsin activity was obtained in the juvenile stadia, 0.529 ± 0.016 (U/mL), and in the adult stadia, 0.399 ± 0.009 (U/mL). Trypsin activity increases with increasing temperature used and reaches a maximum of 40ºC. The molecular character of the fish enzyme Anguilla bicolor shows that the sequence analyzed tend to be close to the Trypsinogen and Trypsin-like genes from Anguilla japonica, Anguilla anguilla, and Megalops cyprinoides.
In Silico Destruction of Porphyromonas gingivalis Fimbriae by Streptomyces sp. Strain GMY02
Authors: Kusuma Djati Fanni , Agustina Dewi , Mustofa  , Nirwati Hera , Widada Jaka , Damayanti Ema , Susilowati Heni
Published: November 2023

Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen in chronic periodontitis, has fimbria as one of the most important virulence factors because it plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of P. gingivalis infection. This bacterium has 2 fimbriae: the major (FimA) and minor (Mfa1) fimbriae. Fimbriae are attractive targets for anti-infective therapy for periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the interactions of several compounds thought to be present in Streptomyces sp. GMY02 strain against FimA and Mfa1 proteins in P. gingivalis fimbriae in silico. A total of 8 ligands were docked to FimA and Mfa1 fimbriae using AutoDock Vina in University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Chimera 1.16. All of the selected ligands had higher free energy values than metronidazole as well. In conclusion, the compounds suspected to be present in Streptomyces sp. strain GMY02 has the potential to destruct P. gingivalis fimbriae.