bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stille Reserve in Deutschland: Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zweier Konzepte
Authors: Rengers Martina , Fuchs Johann
Published: July 2022

Die Stille Reserve ist eine bedeutende Größe in der Arbeitsmarktberichterstattung, die sich nicht unmittelbar beobachten lässt. Es existieren unterschiedliche Konzepte bezüglich Definition, Datengewinnung und Blickwinkel auf den Arbeitsmarkt, mit denen eine Stille Reserve ermittelt wird. Der vorliegende Beitrag vergleicht die Schätzung der Stillen Reserve beim Statistischen Bundesamt (StBA) mit der beim Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB).

Das Statistische Bundesamt schätzt sie aus einer mikroökonomischen Perspektive heraus und schließt aus Angaben von Befragten des Mikrozensus beziehungsweise der darin integrierten Arbeitskräfteerhebung auf die Zugehörigkeit zur Stillen Reserve. Zur Anwendung kommt dabei das Labour-Force-Konzept der Internationalen Arbeitsorganisation. Danach gehören zur Stillen Reserve zum einen Personen, die aktiv eine Arbeit suchen, für eine solche aber kurzfristig nicht zur Verfügung stehen und zum anderen Personen, die aktuell keine Arbeit suchen, aber grundsätzlich gerne arbeiten würden und dafür auch verfügbar sind.

Das Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung schätzt die Stille Reserve aus einer makroökonomischen Perspektive unmittelbar aufgrund der jeweiligen Arbeitsmarktlage. In einem regressionsanalytischen Modell wird zuerst die Abhängigkeit einer langen Zeitreihe der Erwerbsquoten von der Arbeitsmarktlage geschätzt. Dabei ist die Datengrundlage der Erwerbsquoten zum einen der Mikrozensus, während die Lage des Arbeitsmarktes unter anderem über Quoten von registrierten Arbeitslosen der Bundesagentur für Arbeit abgebildet wird. Darüber hinaus wird ein sogenannter „Vollbeschäftigungswert“ für diese Arbeitslosenquoten ermittelt und die Stille Reserve als Folge der Anspannung am Arbeitsmarkt interpretiert, das heißt, je mehr die Vollbeschäftigungsarbeitslosigkeit vom tatsächlichen Wert abweicht, umso höher ist die Stille Reserve.

Hinsichtlich der Ergebnisse zur Stillen Reserve war die vom Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung geschätzte Stille Reserve in früheren Jahren immer etwas umfangreicher als die des Statistischen Bundesamtes. Die Differenzen sanken jedoch, bis schließlich für 2019 beide Ergebnisse mit jeweils knapp 900.000 Personen nahezu gleichauf lagen.
The longitudinal association between Perceived Stress, PTSD Symptoms, and Post-Traumatic Growth during the COVID-19 Pandemic: the role of coping strategies and psychological inflexibility
Authors: Bruno Francesco , Vozzo Francesca , Arcuri Domenico , Maressa Raffaella , La Cava Elisabetta , Malvaso Antonio , Lau Chloe , Chiesi Francesca
Published: July 2022

The present study investigates the mediating roles of psychological inflexibility and differential coping strategies on perceived stress and post-traumatic symptoms and growth in the context of COVID-19. Study one recruited 662 participants (54.8% women; Mage = 40.64 years, SD = 13.04) who completed a cross-sectional questionnaire. It was proposed that orientation to the problem, avoidance strategies, psychological inflexibility, and positive attitude were mediators for the positive association between perceived stress and PTSD symptoms. The fit indices for the path model were excellent: CFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.950, RMSEA = 0.057 [90%CI = 0.043–0.081], and SRMS = 0.042. Gender and stressful events encountered had indirect effects on the endogenous variables. In study two, 128 participants (57.8% women; Mage = 42.30, SD = 12.08) were assessed for post-traumatic growth one year later. Psychological inflexibility and orientation acted as mediators between perceived stress and PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, a novel path model was constructed in which psychological inflexibility and orientation to the problem as mediators for perceived stress and PTSD symptoms. The indices for the path model were excellent: CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.055 [90%CI = 0.001–0.144], and SRMS = 0.49. Furthermore, PTSD symptoms, psychological inflexibility, and orientation to the problem predicted post-traumatic growth. Specifically, both orientation to the problem (β = .06 [90%CI: .01;.13]) and psychological inflexibility (β = .14 [90%CI: .08;.26]) had an indirect effect on post-traumatic growth. Overall, these results significantly contribute to the literature as orientation to the problem positively predicted PTSD symptoms and post-traumatic growth one year later while psychological inflexibility predicted PTSD symptoms and less post-traumatic growth one year later. These results underline the importance of assessing both symptomology and psychological growth to determine adaptive coping strategies in specific contexts.
Biomediated nanosized ZnS using Ulva fasciata and Citrus japonica: A new bio-photocatalyst for textile wastewater treatment
Authors: El Nady Asmaa , Abbas Rateb N. , Sorour Noha M.
Published: July 2022

The aquatic ecosystems face excessive stress and depletion due to many pollutants impacting water quality. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using the green route represents a cost-effectively and eco-friendly approach, with significant applicability in various fields. In this regard, ZnS-NPs with improved photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities were biosynthesized for the first time fromUlva fasciataandCitrus japonicaaqueous extracts. Biosynthesized ZnS-NPs were characterized and compared with chemically synthesized ones using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, XRD, and EDAX. TEM micrographs and XRD confirmed the formation of polygonal and spherical-shaped ZnS blend sphalerite nanocrystals with an average diameter between 7 and 31 nm. The optical properties of the produced ZnS-NPs showed higher band-gap energy of 5.63 eV and 4.76 eV for chemically and biosynthesized ZnS-NPs, respectively, as compared to ZnS macromolecules (3.77 eV). Biosynthesized ZnS-NPs showed excellent photocatalytic activity toward textile wastewater and two organic dyes (crystal violet and safranin), with significant degradation efficiency of 82–96.8, 82.5–98.12, and 84–95.9%, respectively. Biosynthesized ZnS-NPs showed high stability up to three subsequent cycles of photodegradation and exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria andCandida albicans.Biosynthesized ZnS-NPs have a less cytotoxic effect (IC50> 300 μg/mL) than chemically synthesized ZnS-NPs (IC5088 μg/mL) on human skin fibroblast normal cell lines. The photocatalytic efficiency of the biosynthesized ZnS-NPs has some advantages, such as non-toxic products, cost-effectiveness, and antimicrobial activity, which give them superiority to be used as a safe bio-photocatalyst for water treatment.

Graphical abstract
Exosomes Derived from AT2R-Overexpressing BMSC Prevent Restenosis After Carotid Artery Injury by Attenuating the Injury-Induced Neointimal Hyperplasia
Authors: Zou Xinliang , Liao Yi , Liu Zhihui , Xu Xiang , Sun Weiwei , Qin Haoran , Wang Haidong , Liu Jianping , Jing Tao
Published: July 2022

Restenosis is a severe complication after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty which limits the long-term efficacy of the intervention. In this study, we investigated the efficiency of exosomes derived from AT2R-overexpressing bone mesenchymal stem cells on the prevention of restenosis after carotid artery injury. Our data showed that AT2R-EXO promoted the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells and maintained the ratio of eNOS/iNOS. On the contrary, AT2R-EXO inhibited the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. In vivo study proved that AT2R-Exo were more effectively accumulated in the injured carotid artery than EXO and Vehicle-EXO controls. AT2R-EXO treatment could improve blood flow of the injured carotid artery site more effectively. Further analysis revealed that AT2REXO prevents restenosis after carotid artery injury by attenuating the injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia. Our study provides a novel and more efficient exosome for the treatment of restenosis diseases after intervention.
Behavioral Assessment of a Humanoid Robot When Attracting Pedestrians in a Mall
Authors: Okafuji Yuki , Ozaki Yasunori , Baba Jun , Nakanishi Junya , Ogawa Kohei , Yoshikawa Yuichiro , Ishiguro Hiroshi
Published: July 2022

Research is currently being conducted on the use of robots as human labor support technology. In particular, the service industry needs to allocate more manpower, and it will be important for robots to support people. This study focuses on using a humanoid robot as a social service robot to convey information in a shopping mall, and the types of robot behaviors were analyzed. In order to convey the information, two processes must occur. Pedestrians must stop in front of the robot, and the robot must continue the engagement with them. For the purpose of this study, three types of autonomous robot behaviors were analyzed and compared in these processes in the experiment: greeting, in-trouble, dancing behaviors. After interactions were attempted with 5,000+ pedestrians, this study revealed that the in-trouble behavior can make pedestrians stop more and stay longer. In addition, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the robot in a real environment, the comparative results between three robot behaviors and human advertisers revealed that (1) the results of the greeting and dancing behavior are comparable to those of the humans, and (2) the performance of the in-trouble behavior in providing information tasks is higher than that of all human advertisers. These findings demonstrate that the performance of robots is comparable to that of humans in providing information tasks in a limited environment; therefore, it is expected that service robots as a labor support technology will be able to perform well in the real world.
Amorphous Phase Formation and Heat Treating Evolution in Mechanically Alloyed Ti–Cu Alloy for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Urban P. , Astacio R. , Ternero F. , Náhlík L. , Cintas J.
Published: July 2022

The present work aims to produce TixCu100-x (x = 90, 80, 70, and 60) amorphous alloys by using high energy ball mill. The microstructure and possible formation of amorphous phases were characterized employing laser granulometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The amorphous-crystalline transformation at high temperatures was studied according to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and XRD. The Ti80Cu20 alloys were obtained in an amorphous state after 30 h of mechanical alloying, and the amorphous phase is stable up to 340 °C. At higher temperatures, this alloy crystallizes, forming the intermetallic compound Ti2Cu, and a substitutional solid solution Ti(Cu).
Relaparoscopy in the management of post-operative complications after minimally invasive gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Elmore Ugo , Milone Marco , Parise Paolo , Velotti Nunzio , Cossu Andrea , Puccetti Francesco , Barbieri Lavinia , Vertaldi Sara , Milone Francesco , De Palma Giovanni Domenico , Rosati Riccardo
Published: July 2022

Laparoscopy has already been validated for treatment of early gastric cancer. Despite that, no data have been published about the possibility of a minimally invasive approach to surgical complications after primary laparoscopic surgery. In this multicentre study, we describe our experience in the management of complications following laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. A chart review has been performed over data from 781 patients who underwent elective gastrectomy for gastric cancer between January 1996 and July 2020 in two high referral department of gastric surgery. A fully descriptive analysis was performed, considering all the demographic characteristics of patients, the type of primary procedure and the type of complication which required reoperation. Moreover, a logistic regression was designed to investigate if either the patients or the primary surgery characteristics could affect conversion rate during relaparoscopy. Fifty-one patients underwent reintervention after elective laparoscopic gastric surgery. Among patients who received a laparoscopic reintervention, 11 patients (34.3%) required a conversion to open surgery. Recovery outcomes were significantly better in patients who completed the reoperation through laparoscopy. Relaparoscopy is safe and effective for management of complications following laparoscopic gastric surgery and represent a useful tool both for re-exploration and treatment, in expert and skilled hands.
Cold alkaline extraction of Elephant grass for optimal subsequent extraction of hemicelluloses and energy production
Authors: García J. C. , Alfaro A. , Loaiza J. M. , Lozano-Calvo S. , López F.
Published: July 2022

There is growing scientific and industrial interest in obtaining useful substances by fractionating lignocellulosic biomass from non-food plant crops for use by the bioenergy industry. The primary goals are to ensure process sustainability and to comply with the principles of circular economy. In this work, we optimized energy production from Elephant grass by previously using cold alkaline extraction to remove its hemicellulose fraction. Elephant grass contains a high proportion of lignin (20%) and hemicelluloses (27.4%), and therefore is an excellent alternative to wood materials for energy production by direct burning. Energy production was optimized to identify the best operating conditions among those tested, namely: alkali concentrations of 80–120 g NaOH L–1, temperatures of 20–40 °C, and treatment times of 30–90 min. Using the optimum conditions thus established (viz., 100 g NaOH L–1, 30 °C, and 30 min) raised the high heating value (HHV) to 19.151 MJ kg–1 (i.e., by 4% relative to the starting material). Also, it allowed the content in elemental C to be preserved, that in H increased by 4.86% and, more environmentally significant, most sulphur (46.9%) to be removed from the solid phase upon treatment. Cold alkaline extraction of the raw material additionally enabled relatively selective separation of the hemicellulose fraction from the cellulose and lignin fractions. Thus, 30.1% of all hemicellulose was dissolved in the treatment liquor and made valorizable while 93.0% of cellulose and 82.1% of lignin present in the raw material remained in the solid phase.
Challenges and opportunities of process modelling renewable advanced fuels
Authors: Testa Lorenzo , Chiaramonti David , Prussi Matteo , Bensaid Samir
Published: July 2022

The Paris COP21 held on December 2015 represented a step forward global GHG emission reduction: this led to intensify research efforts in renewables, including biofuels and bioliquids. However, addressing sustainable biofuels and bioliquid routes and value chains which can limit or reverse the ILUC (indirect land-use change effect) is of paramount importance. Given this background condition, the present study targets the analysis and modelling a new integrated biomass conversion pathway to produce renewable advanced fuels, enabling the issue of indirect land-use change (ILUC) of biofuels to be tackled. The bioenergy chain under investigation integrates the decentralized production of biogas through anaerobic digestion and its upgrading to biomethane, followed by a centralized conversion to liquid transport fuels, involving methane reforming into syngas, Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis, and methanol synthesis. The methodology adopted in this work stem from extensive literature review of suitable bio/thermo-chemical conversion technologies and their process modelling using a commercial flow-diagram simulation software is carried out. The major significance of the study is to understand the different modelling approaches, to allow the estimation of process yields and mass/energy balances: in such a way, this work aims at providing guidance to process modellers targeting qualitative and quantitative assessments of biomass to biofuels process routes. Beyond FT products, additional process pathways have been also explored, such as MeOH synthesis from captured CO2 and direct methane to methanol synthesis (DMTM). The analysis demonstrated that it is possible to model such innovative integrated processes through the selected simulation tool. However, research is still needed as regards the DMTM process, where studies about modelling this route through the same tool have not been yet identified in the literature.
Diabetic retinopathy: long-term follow-up of Ecuadorian patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care
Authors: Barrera-Guarderas F. , Flor A. P. , Coba-Loor S. , Chacón-Andrade K.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence, associated factors, and time for diabetic retinopathy (DR) development in Ecuadorian patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) followed for 10 years.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study between 2007 and 2017 included 487 patients with DM2 who had at least one dilated fundus eye examination in Diabetes Center in a primary-health-care level followed up for ten years. Data was collected from clinical records. Sociodemographic and laboratory variables were analysed, determining their association (mean difference and bivariate logistic regression) with DR. Survival time was calculated through life tables and Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results

The prevalence of DR was 19.95% during the 10-year follow-up period. The median time for developing DR was 28.53 (95% CI: 26.89–27.05), showing that 50% of patients have the risk (HR: 4.57) to develop DR in the third decade of DM disease diagnosis. The significant risk factors for progression of DR were duration of DM2, high glycosylated hemoglobin level > 7% (HbA1c Expβ: 1.709, 95% CI: 1.00–2.89), systemic hypertension (HNT Expβ: 2.348 Expβ: 2.348 95% CI: 1.17–4.70%) 95% CI: 1.17–4.70%), low glomerular filtration rate (Expβ: 1.805, GFR, < 60 ml/min/sc1.73) (95% CI: 1.10–2.94) and albuminuria (Expβ: 2.48 Expβ: 2.48 95% CI: 1.49–4.13).

Conclusions

Half of the patients with DM2 treated in a primary level of care will develop DR in the third decade of the disease. There are risk factors related to development of DR, such as low GFR, high HbA1c, albuminuria and HTN. Low GFR, high HbA1c, albuminuria and high blood pressure are related with the presence of retinopathy in diabetes patients.
RegTech in public and private sectors: the nexus between data, technology and regulation
Authors: Grassi Laura , Lanfranchi Davide
Published: July 2022

Higher regulatory compliance requirements, fast and continuous changes in regulations and high digital dynamics in the financial markets are powering RegTech (regulatory technology), defined as technology‐enabled innovation applied to the world of regulation, compliance, risk management, reporting and supervision. This work builds on a systematic literature review and a bibliometric analysis of the literature on RegTech, its influential papers and authors, its main areas of research, its past and its future. The resulting multi-dimensional framework bridges across four main dimensions, starting with regulation and technology, where one or more regulations, not necessarily financial ones, are addressed with the support of technologies (e.g. artificial intelligence, DLT, blockchain, smart contracts, API). Data play a central role, as sharing them enables data ecosystems, where additional value can be attained by each market participant, while data automation and machine-readable regulations empower regulators to pull data directly from the banks’ systems and combine these data with data obtained directly from customers or other external sources. Several applications emerge, both for regulated entities, covering matters of compliance, monitoring, risk management, reporting and operations, as well as for authorities, which can leverage on RegTech (SupTech) solutions to make policies, to undertake their authorising, supervising and enforcement operations, for monitoring and controlling purposes, and even to issue fines automatically. As a consequence, stakeholders can reap a series of benefits, such as higher efficiency and effectiveness, accuracy, transparency and lower compliance costs but also risks, such as cyber risk, algorithmic biases, and dehumanization.
Multifunctional SiC@SiO2 Nanofiber Aerogel with Ultrabroadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Song Limeng , Zhang Fan , Chen Yongqiang , Guan Li , Zhu Yanqiu , Chen Mao , Wang Hailong , Putra Budi Riza , Zhang Rui , Fan Bingbing
Published: July 2022

Traditional ceramic materials are generally brittle and not flexible with high production costs, which seriously hinders their practical applications. Multifunctional nanofiber ceramic aerogels are highly desirable for applications in extreme environments, however, the integration of multiple functions in their preparation is extremely challenging. To tackle these challenges, we fabricated a multifunctional SiC@SiO2 nanofiber aerogel (SiC@SiO2 NFA) with a three-dimensional (3D) porous cross-linked structure through a simple chemical vapor deposition method and subsequent heat-treatment process. The as-prepared SiC@SiO2 NFA exhibits an ultralow density (~ 11 mg cm− 3), ultra-elastic, fatigue-resistant and refractory performance, high temperature thermal stability, thermal insulation properties, and significant strain-dependent piezoresistive sensing behavior. Furthermore, the SiC@SiO2 NFA shows a superior electromagnetic wave absorption performance with a minimum refection loss (RLmin) value of − 50.36 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EABmax) of 8.6 GHz. The successful preparation of this multifunctional aerogel material provides a promising prospect for the design and fabrication of the cutting-edge ceramic materials.
Algebro-Geometric Solutions of the Sine-Gordon Hierarchy
Authors: Geng Xue , Guan Liang
Published: July 2022

On the basis of two sets of Lenard recursion sequences and zero-curvature equation associated with a matrix spectral problem, we derive the entire sine-Gordon hierarchy, which is composed of all the positive and negative flows. Using the theory of hyperelliptic curves, the Abel-Jacobi coordinates are introduced, from which the corresponding positive and negative flows are linearized. The algebro-geometric solutions of the entire sine-Gordon hierarchy are constructed by using the asymptotic properties of the meromorphic function.
Inventing Value
Authors: Elder-Vass Dave
Published: July 2022

Value is central to the market sectors of the contemporary economy, yet the best-established theories of value fail to expose how it operates and how it is manipulated for profit. This book begins to reconstruct the theory of value. In one sense, it argues, value is a personal assessment of worth, but those assessments draw deeply on normative standards. The book examines those standards and how they are formed, transformed and supported by the construction of new social structures. The empirical evidence comes from contemporary financial examples: the mortgage-backed securities that caused the global crash of 2008, how venture capitalists secure outrageous valuations for so-called unicorn companies, and the rise of Bitcoin. The result is a theory that shows how value is invented by value entrepreneurs in pursuit of their interests and thus provides a new basis for criticising the role of value in the commodity economy and the finance sector.
The Humanitarians
Authors: Damousi Joy
Published: July 2022

Spanning six decades from the formation of the Save the Children Fund in 1919 to humanitarian interventions during the Vietnam War, The Humanitarians maps the national and international humanitarian efforts undertaken by Australians on behalf of child refugees. In this longitudinal study, Joy Damousi explores the shifting forms of humanitarian activity related to war refugee children over the twentieth century, from child sponsorship, the establishment of orphanages, fundraising, to aid and development schemes and campaigns for inter-country adoption. Framed by conceptualisations of the history of emotions, and the limits and possibilities afforded by empathy and compassion, she considers the vital role of women and includes studies of unknown, but significant, women humanitarian workers and their often-traumatic experience of international humanitarian work. Through an examination of the intersection between racial politics and war refugees, Damousi advances our understanding of humanitarianism over the twentieth century as a deeply racialised and multi-layered practice.
Tracking Hurricane-Related Deaths in the Contiguous United States Using Media Reports From 2012 to 2020
Authors: Williams Shanice , Jiva Sumera , Hanchey Arianna , Suárez-Soto René J. , Bayleyegn Tesfaye , Schnall Amy Helene
Published: July 2022

Heavy rainfall, storm surges, and tornadoes are hazards associated with hurricanes that can cause property damages and loss of life. Disaster-related mortality surveillance encounters challenges, such as timely reporting of mortality data. This review demonstrates how tracking hurricane-related deaths using online media reports (eg, news media articles, press releases, social media posts) can enhance mortality surveillance during a response. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention used online media reports from 2012 to 2020 to characterize hurricane-related deaths from 10 hurricanes that were declared major disasters and the flooding related to Hurricane Joaquin in the contiguous United States. Media reports showed that drowning (n = 139), blunt force trauma (n = 89), and carbon monoxide poisoning (n = 58) were the primary causes of death. Online media and social media reports are not official records. However, media mortality surveillance is useful for hurricane responses to target messaging and current incident decision-making.
Open-closed Gromov-Witten invariants of 3-dimensional Calabi-Yau smooth toric DM stacks
Authors: Fang Bohan , Liu Chiu-Chu Melissa , Tseng Hsian-Hua
Published: July 2022

We study open-closed orbifold Gromov-Witten invariants of 3-dimensional Calabi-Yau smooth toric Deligne-Mumford stacks (with possibly nontrivial generic stabilisers K and semi-projective coarse moduli spaces) relative to Lagrangian branes of Aganagic-Vafa type. An Aganagic-Vafa brane in this paper is a possibly ineffective

$C^\infty $

orbifold that admits a presentation

$[(S^1\times \mathbb {R} ^2)/G_\tau ]$

, where

$G_\tau $

is a finite abelian group containing K and

$G_\tau /K \cong \boldsymbol {\mu }_{\mathfrak {m}}$

is cyclic of some order

$\mathfrak {m}\in \mathbb {Z} _{>0}$

.

1.

We present foundational materials of enumerative geometry of stable holomorphic maps from bordered orbifold Riemann surfaces to a 3-dimensional Calabi-Yau smooth toric DM stack

$\mathcal {X}$

with boundaries mapped into an Aganagic-Vafa brane

$\mathcal {L}$

. All genus open-closed Gromov-Witten invariants of

$\mathcal {X}$

relative to

$\mathcal {L}$

are defined by torus localisation and depend on the choice of a framing

$f\in \mathbb {Z} $

of

$\mathcal {L}$

.

2.

We provide another definition of all genus open-closed Gromov-Witten invariants in (1) based on algebraic relative orbifold Gromov-Witten theory, which agrees with the definition in (1) up to a sign depending on the choice of orientation on moduli of maps in (1). This generalises the definition in [57] for smooth toric Calabi-Yau 3-folds and specifies an orientation on moduli of maps in (1) compatible with the canonical orientation on moduli of relative stable maps determined by the complex structure.

3.

When

$\mathcal {X}$

is a toric Calabi-Yau 3-orbifold (i.e., when the generic stabiliser K is trivial), so that

$G_\tau =\boldsymbol {\mu }_{\mathfrak {m}}$

, we define generating functions

$F_{g,h}^{\mathcal {X},(\mathcal {L},f)}$

of open-closed Gromov-Witten invariants of arbitrary genus g and number h of boundary circles; it takes values in

$H^*_{ {\mathrm {CR}} }(\mathcal {B} \boldsymbol {\mu }_{\mathfrak {m}}; \mathbb {C} )^{\otimes h}$

, where

$H^*_{ {\mathrm {CR}} }(\mathcal {B} \boldsymbol {\mu }_{\mathfrak {m}}; \mathbb {C} )\cong \mathbb {C} ^{\mathfrak {m}}$

is the Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology of the classifying space

$\mathcal {B} \boldsymbol {\mu }_{\mathfrak {m}}$

of

$\boldsymbol {\mu }_{\mathfrak {m}}$

.

4.

We prove an open mirror theorem that relates the generating function

$F_{0,1}^{\mathcal {X},(\mathcal {L},f)}$

of orbifold disk invariants to Abel-Jacobi maps of the mirror curve of

$\mathcal {X}$

. This generalises a conjecture by Aganagic-Vafa [6] and Aganagic-Klemm-Vafa [5] (proved in full generality by the first and the second authors in [33]) on the disk potential of a smooth semi-projective toric Calabi-Yau 3-fold.
The various facets of liquid metal convection
Authors: Schumacher Jörg
Published: July 2022

Turbulent convection at low Prandtl numbers is in many aspects still terra incognita on the parameter map. One reason for this fact is that laboratory experiments on turbulent convection in this parameter regime are notoriously challenging as they require the use of opaque liquid metals. These working fluids prevent the application of typical optical imaging techniques such as particle image velocimetry. Recent experiments by Grannan et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 939, 2022, R1) shed new light on the variety of regimes in liquid metal flows which include rotating convection, magnetoconvection and rotating magnetoconvection next to the classical Rayleigh–Bénard case. More importantly, the authors manage the seamless crossover from one regime into another. They were thus able to study low-Prandtl-number convection at different levels of complexity in a single experimental set-up. Their work provides new insights into the tight connections between characteristic large-scale flow behaviours and the resulting global heat transfer magnitudes. This has implications for convection in planetary cores and stellar convection zones and connected dynamo action.
The German Trade Shock and the Rise of the Neo-Welfare State in Early Twentieth-Century Britain
Authors: SCHEVE KENNETH , SERLIN THEO
Published: July 2022

We study the international origins of the neo-welfare state in Britain during the era of globalization before World War I. We introduce a new mechanism linking trade to the expansion of the state. In addition to increasing assessments of the volatility of employment in a market economy, trade shocks changed beliefs about the deservingness of the poor. Employing a shift-share measure of local exposure to German imports, we show that rising imports caused worse labor market outcomes from 1880 to 1910. Import competition led to a decrease in support for the Conservative Party in national elections after 1900, when the Liberal Party supported welfare state reforms. We further show that rising imports increased the use in local newspapers of scientific terms like “unemployment” relative to pejorative terms like “vagrancy” to describe the poor. Political responses to globalization helped shape voter support for the modern British welfare state at its inception.
Consumption of a light meal affects serum concentrations of one-carbon metabolites and B-vitamins. A clinical intervention study
Authors: Helland Anita , Bratlie Marianne , Hagen Ingrid V. , Midttun Øivind , Ulvik Arve , Mellgren Gunnar , Ueland Per M. , Gudbrandsen Oddrun A.
Published: July 2022

The transfer of one-carbon units between molecules in metabolic pathways is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, but little is known about whether the circulating concentrations of metabolites involved in the one-carbon metabolism are affected by the prandial status. Epidemiological studies do not always consistently use fasting or non-fasting blood samples or may lack information on the prandial status of the study participants. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a light breakfast on serum concentrations of selected metabolites and B-vitamins related to the one-carbon metabolism; i.e. the methionine-homocysteine cycle, the folate cycle, the choline oxidation pathway and the transsulfuration pathway. Sixty-three healthy adults (thirty-six women) with BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2 were included in the study. Blood was collected in the fasting state and 60 and 120 min after intake of a standardised breakfast consisting of white bread, margarine, white cheese, strawberry jam and orange juice (2218 kJ). The meal contained low amounts of choline, betaine, serine and vitamins B2, B3, B6, B9 and B12. Serum concentrations of total homocysteine, total cysteine, flavin mononucleotide, nicotinamide and pyridoxal 5’-phosphate were significantly decreased, and concentrations of choline, betaine, dimethylglycine, sarcosine, cystathionine and folate were significantly increased following breakfast intake (P < 0·05). Our findings demonstrate that the intake of a light breakfast with low nutrient content affected serum concentrations of several metabolites and B-vitamins related to the one-carbon metabolism.
Potential demographic impact of the insecticide mixture between thiacloprid and deltamethrin on the cotton aphid and two of its natural enemies
Authors: Majidpour Marziyeh , Maroofpour Nariman , Ghane-Jahromi Mojtaba
Published: July 2022

The use of pesticides impairs biological control in the agroecosystems and thus compromises the effectiveness of natural enemies against populations of pest species. The concerns over pesticides should expand beyond mortality and encompass their sublethal effects and their consequences to the target insect species and natural enemies to aid in our understanding of the potential and consequential use of these compounds. The present study aimed to determine the effects of an insecticide mixture on life-history and demographic parameters of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and two of its main parasitoids – Aphidius flaviventris Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Based on the obtained results, thiacloprid + deltamethrin in its lethal concentration dose 20% of the pest population (LC20) significantly affected the cotton aphid for two generations, increasing developmental time and demographic parameters. The LC20 manifested changes in many demographic parameters of the parasitoid A. flaviventris. This concentration also increased preadult and female longevity, total pre-ovipositional period, and mean generation time (T) of A. colemani, but no other demographic parameters were affected. Nonetheless, the insecticide mixture did not affect the parasitism rate of A. colemani. Thus, the thiacloprid + deltamethrin mixture significantly impaired the cotton aphid population and its parasitoid A. flaviventris. Therefore, the use of thiacloprid + deltamethrin is not encouraged for controlling the parasitoid A. flaviventris, but it is a relatively safe compound for A. colemani.
Molecular phylogeny of Cosmetocleithrum Kritsky, Thatcher & Boeger, 1986 (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae), gill parasites of Neotropical catfishes (Siluriformes)
Authors: Mendoza-Palmero C.A. , Acosta A.A. , Scholz T.
Published: July 2022

Cosmetocleithrum Kritsky, Thatcher & Boeger, 1986 (Dactylogyridae) represents one of the most species-rich groups (22 species currently recognized as valid) of all dactylogyrid parasites infecting Neotropical catfishes. Species of Cosmetocleithrum exhibit a remarkable affinity towards catfishes of the Doradidae and the Auchenipteridae. However, phylogenetic relationships between members of this genus have not been yet analysed. This study analysed newly obtained partial sequences of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene of seven species of Cosmetocleithrum, including its type species C. gussevi Kritsky, Thatcher & Boeger, 1986, along with several other dactylogyrids infecting siluriform, gymnotiform, perciform and characiform fishes. Cosmetocleithrum appeared as an evolutionary recent group, composed of two well-defined lineages: lineage 1 includes parasites of doradids – namely, C. bulbocirrus, C. confusum, C. parvum and C. bifurcum – whereas lineage 2 is composed of species from doradids – that is, C. rarum, C. gussevi, C. gigas, C. trachydorasi and C. falsunilatum – together with parasites of auchenipterids – namely, C. laciniatum and C. baculum. The search for synapomorphies to characterize taxonomic groups within Cosmetocleithrum appears challenging, since the morphology of their haptoral elements is quite conservative, and that of the copulatory complex is highly variable between species. The results of the present study support the recent synonymization of Paracosmetocleithrum Acosta, Scholz, Blasco-Costa, Alves & Silva, 2018 with Cosmetocleithrum. Whereas the 28S ribosomal DNA data resolved Cosmetocleithrum as monophyletic, the statistical support for the lineage was low, rendering its phylogenetic position between other Neotropical dactylogyrids yet undefined.
Improving the prospective prediction of a near-term suicide attempt in veterans at risk for suicide, using a go/no-go task
Authors: Myers Catherine E. , Dave Chintan V. , Callahan Michael , Chesin Megan S. , Keilp John G. , Beck Kevin D. , Brenner Lisa A. , Goodman Marianne S. , Hazlett Erin A. , Niculescu Alexander B. , St. Hill Lauren , Kline Anna , Stanley Barbara H. , Interian Alejandro
Published: July 2022

Background

Neurocognitive testing may advance the goal of predicting near-term suicide risk. The current study examined whether performance on a Go/No-go (GNG) task, and computational modeling to extract latent cognitive variables, could enhance prediction of suicide attempts within next 90 days, among individuals at high-risk for suicide.

Method

136 Veterans at high-risk for suicide previously completed a computer-based GNG task requiring rapid responding (Go) to target stimuli, while withholding responses (No-go) to infrequent foil stimuli; behavioral variables included false alarms to foils (failure to inhibit) and missed responses to targets. We conducted a secondary analysis of these data, with outcomes defined as actual suicide attempt (ASA), other suicide-related event (OtherSE) such as interrupted/aborted attempt or preparatory behavior, or neither (noSE), within 90-days after GNG testing, to examine whether GNG variables could improve ASA prediction over standard clinical variables. A computational model (linear ballistic accumulator, LBA) was also applied, to elucidate cognitive mechanisms underlying group differences.

Results

On GNG, increased miss rate selectively predicted ASA, while increased false alarm rate predicted OtherSE (without ASA) within the 90-day follow-up window. In LBA modeling, ASA (but not OtherSE) was associated with decreases in decisional efficiency to targets, suggesting differences in the evidence accumulation process were specifically associated with upcoming ASA.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that GNG may improve prediction of near-term suicide risk, with distinct behavioral patterns in those who will attempt suicide within the next 90 days. Computational modeling suggests qualitative differences in cognition in individuals at near-term risk of suicide attempt.
Varieties of Avicennian arguments for the existence of God
Authors: Morvarid Mahmoud
Published: July 2022

In hisThe SalvationandThe Remarks and Admonitions,Avicenna presents a well-known argument for the existence of God as a necessary being by itself. I will suggest, first of all, that the two pivotal notions employed in the argument, namely those of a necessary being by itself and a contingent being by itself, can be construed in different ways, leading to different versions of Avicenna's argument. I then turn to a specific version of the argument which seeks to show that there is at least one independently existing entity. This version constitutes the core of other versions of Avicenna's argument. Next, I shall explore how one might move from the existence of an independently existing entity to that of a necessary being by itself (variously construed). Finally, I will argue that the Avicennian argument for an independently existing entity suffers from a severe problem in that it fails to take account of the possibility of many-to-one causal relation.
Le CICR en Afrique: contexte et défis
Authors: Harnisch Christoph
Published: July 2022

Africa is home to many armed conflicts, waged in an environment in which
it is already difficult for people to live and for countries to develop. The
ICRC has long been and still is widely active there. This article first
outlines the general context in which many of the African conflicts take
place, giving a brief account of Africa's position in world politics and the
prevailing socio-economic conditions. It then goes on to describe the nature
of the – mainly internal – armed conflicts that plague the continent.
Although most of them seem to have abated, the relative calm remains very
fragile. After indicating some of the main characteristics of armed conflict
in Africa, the author also points out the effect of a revival of interest in
Africa in connection with the global “war on terror”, Finally, the work of
the ICRC in Africa is analysed: how is the ICRC perceived on the continent,
what does it actually do? And above all, what are the obstacles to efficient
humanitarian assistance and protection, and what challenges lie
ahead?
Le temps pour comprendre la violence de guerre: l'exemple de
l'Afrique
Authors: Palmieri Daniel
Published: July 2022

This article examines the violence of war from a temporal point of view,
looking at various contemporary conflicts from a long-term perspective
involving three kinds of time: “historical” time, “traditional” time and
“mythical” time. It thus provides some elements that help explain the length
of these conflicts, but also their deeper nature. In particular, it casts
douht on the appropriateness of the term “ethnic war”, which has been used
to characterize some of them. The hypothetical model presented here focuses
on Africa, but it could also he applied to conflict zones in other parts of
the world.
Do wars ever end? The work of the International Committee of the Red
Cross when the guns fall silent
Authors: Harroff-Tavel Marion
Published: July 2022

Lorsque dans le cadre d'un conflit arme les armes se taisent, suite à un
accord de paix ou un cessez-le-feu, débute une délicate période de
transition. La situation se détériore, Hen souvent, gravement pour les plus
vulnérables, alors que d'autres, qui ne veulent plus être qualifiés de
«victimes», luttent pour retrouver leur autonomie et défendre leurs droits.
Les besoins des individus sont multiples: besoin de sécurité face aux
menaces posées par les ex-combattants, la criminalité et les mines, besoin
de protection contre les abus de pouvoir de l'autorité ou la vindicte d'une
population hostile, besoins matériels en eau, nourriture, habitat et santé,
besoin de vérité et de justice, de reconnaissance enfin.

Faire en sorte que des réponses soient apportées à ces besoins, si
possible par ceux qui les éprouvent ou en collaboration avec eux, est le
défi auquel le CICR est confronté. La politique dont l'institution vient de
se doter pour la conduite de son activité humanitaire en période de
transition est le fruit d'une r'flexion approfondie men'e à Genéve, mais
aussi dans les Balkans, au Caucase, en Amérique centrale et en Afrique.
Quelles sont les obligations des anciens belligèrants en vertu du droit
humanitaire? Comment assurer un fondu-enchaîné entre urgence et
développement? Où se situent les limites de la politique d'assistance d'une
organisation humanitaire? Quelles sont les potentialités du partenariat avec
l'État, la société civile et d'autres acteurs de la communauté
internationale, dans le respect de l'identite de chacun? Telles sont
quelques-unes des questions qui ont été au cœur de cette réflexion.
Humanitarian considerations in the work of the United Nations Compensation Commission
Authors: Wooldridge Fred , Elias Olufemi
Published: July 2022

La Commission d'indemnisation des Nations Unies a été créée par le Conseil de sécurité pour examiner les demandes déindemnisation et verser des indemnités aux victimes de l'invasion et de l'occupation illicites du Koweït par l'Irak (1990-1991), Cet article examine I'importance que les considérations d'ordre humanitaire revêtent dans le cadre des travaux de la Commission, notamment dans la procédure d'examen des demandes d'indemnisation et dans les mécanismes pour la répartition des indemnités accordées aux requérants dont la réclamation a abouti. L'article examine également les sources des contributions versées au Fonds d'indemnisation des Nations Unies (à partir duquel les indemnités sont versées) dans le contexte de la situation humanitaire qui prévaut en Irak, et il établit une distinction entre le mandat de la Commission et les autres institutions et processus mis en place par le Conseil de sécurité après l'invasion du Koweït en 1990. Finalement, l'article explore brièvement comment les considérations d'ordre humanitaire peuvent jouer un rôle dans des futures procédures de réparation des dommages de guerre.
Amnesty for war crimes: Defining the limits of international recognition
Authors: Naqvi Yasmin
Published: July 2022

L'action pénale contre les personnes accusées d'avoir commis des crimes de guerre est un aspect fondamental du droit d'une victime à la justice. Toutefois, dans les conflits armés où des violations graves du droit international ont été perpétrées massivement, il est souvent nécessaire d'établir un équilibre entre le droit des victimes à obtenir justice de manière tangible et le besoin, pour l'Ètat territorial, de traiter les atrocités passées de façon à ne pas engendrer de nouvelles violences et à stimuler le processus de réconciliation. Dans de telles circonstances, une justice réparatrice associant des amnisties limitées à d'autres mécanismes de responsabilité peut constituer un moyen d'assurer l'État de droit tout en tenant compte de la complexité du processus de transition. Quand des États vivant une situation de transition prodament de telles amnisties, il est important d'établir si celles-ci seront reconnues par la communauté internationale.

Cet article analyse les règies et les principes internationaux qui fondent ou étayent la décision que prend un tribunal national ou international de reconnaître ou non une amnistie couvrant les crimes de guerre. l'auteur s'attache d'abord à déterminer s'il existe un devoir coutumier de traduire en justice les personnes accusées de crimes de guerre, quels qu'ils soient. Les effets du caractère de jus cogens de l'interdiction de commettre des crimes de guerres sont égakment examinés, tout comme la pratique plus récente des États d'établir des tribunaux spéciaux pour juger les personnes accusees de crimes de guerre. L'article fait valoir que le droit international n'interdit pas aux tribunaux nationaux et internationaux d'accorder une amnistie limitée à ceux qui sont considérés comme «les moins responsabks » de la commission des crimes de guerre, lorsque l'amnistie est associée à des mesures de contrôle et vise à faciliter l'instauration d'une paix durable.