bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lessons Learned from the Long Duration Exposure Facility
Authors: Stuckey Wayne
Published: November 2020

The Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) was launched by the space shuttle in April, 1984, and recovered in January, 1990. There were 57 experiments containing over 10,000 specimens to test the effects of the space environment on materials, components, and systems. Originally planned for 1 yr, the exposure actually lasted almost 6 yr. While many LDEF investigations are continuing, results to date have provided valuable information on long-term performance in orbit. Results from the LDEF investigators and the special investigation groups are briefly summarized along with potential benefits from LDEF for future missions.
Particle Contamination Below a Robot Arm in a Cleanroom
Authors: Kuehn T. , Wu Y. , Liu B.
Published: November 2020

Experimental velocity and particle concentration data have been obtained near a circular cylinder robot arm in a chamber that simulates a vertical unidirectional flow Class 10 cleanroom. The airflow field around the robot arm has been characterized using a hot wire anemometer. Both mean velocities and turbulence spectral data were obtained. Sodium chloride particles were injected through small holes below the arm to simulate particles generated by moving joints. Results indicate that the turbulent wake near the arm causes an unsymmetrical widespread dispersion of the particles from a single point source on the arm. Particles disperse much stronger along the cylinder axis than normal to the cylinder near the injection point.
Testing in Combined Dynamic Environments
Authors: Rogers J.
Published: November 2020

The combined dynamic environments of vibration and linear acceleration are common to a large number of spacecraft components and other devices. Testing such devices has normally been a two-step process in which independent vibration and centrifuge tests are performed. There is a concern that the combined effects from these two dynamic environments could cause unexpected operational failures that were not predicted from either analysis or independent testing. This paper describes the design and performance of a testing facility that combines vibration and centrifuge testing in a single operation. The test facility is called the Vibrafuge and utilizes Sandia National Laboratories' (SNL) 29-ft underground centrifuge with an attached electrodynamic shaker. Also addressed are activities underway at SNL on development of combined vibration and acoustic test facility (ATF).
Vibration Qualification of Commercial Computers for Use in Military Tactical Environments
Authors: Dente John , McCutcheon James , Jain Ashok
Published: November 2020

Commercial computers are generally designed for commercial use and lack industry specification for tactical use, other than the shipping environment. In order to use commercial computers in rugged military tactical environments, appropriate mounting trays and fixtures with vibration isolators must be designed for installation in tactical wheeled and tracked vehicles. This paper describes the vibration test profiles used in testing a commercial computer and monitor, as isolated, to determine the survivability limitations of these components when subjected to simulated tactical wheeled and tracked vehicle vibration environments.
Toward Classification of Particle Properties Using Light Scattering Techniques
Authors: Warner Thomas , Hirleman E.
Published: November 2020

The success of the semiconductor industry's quest for contamination-free manufacturing depends heavily on the continued evolution of wafer scanners and other analytical instruments. The ability to characterize (rather than simply detect) a contaminant particle on a surface using light scattering techniques would be utilized by future instruments. The research described in this article provides a fundamental knowledge base necessary for particle characterization using laser-based light scattering. An algorithm to provide some discrimination of both particle size and composition was developed and demonstrated.
Assessment of balance, gait, lower limb strength and functionality in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic elderlies
Authors: Magalhães Alice Martins , Cerceau Daniella Macedo , Parreiras de Menezes Kênia Kiefer , Oliveira Gabriela Vieira , Gomes Bárbara Batista
Published: November 2020

Background: Sarcopenia is the involuntary loss of muscle mass predicted by aging and is associated with an increased likelihood ofunfavorable results, such as falls, mortality and functional disabilities. Objective: Evaluate balance, gait speed, lower limb strength andfunctionality in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic elderly. Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out with 68 subjects aged 60 years orover, residents of the community and possessing an independent gait. The assessment instruments were bioimpedance, balance test,four-meter gait speed test, chair support test and SPPB. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia in the population of the present studywas 43.3%. In the group of non-sarcopenic subjects, a correlation was found between all the variables evaluated. In the group ofsarcopenic subjects, a correlation was found between lower limbs strength and gait speed. Conclusion: The skeletal muscle mass ofa sarcopenic elderly is related to their lower limb strength and gait speed, but it does not present a significant correlation with balanceand functional performance. Further studies are needed to clarify the behavior of balance, gait speed, lower limb strength and functionalperformance variables when compared to the decrease in muscle mass inherent in aging.
Intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability in the determination of angular measurements of the wrist using a smartphone application
Authors: Wassmuth Talita , Sakata Mariana Saori Barboza , Paula Andressa Morais de , Pereira Wagner Menna , Ferreira Luiz Alfredo Braun , Rossi Luciano Pavan
Published: November 2020

Purpose: With recent technological advances, goniometric applications have increasingly been used for the measurement of joint angles due to the greater practicality and accessibility. It is therefore important to determine the reliability of these applications. The evaluation of the wrist is important, as this joint is commonly affected by trauma that can lead to limitations of movement. Thus, the aim of the study was to determine the intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability of the Goniometer PRO© smartphone application for measuring the range of motion of the wrist. Basic procedures: A correlational, blind, cross-sectional study was conducted involving 43 healthy women (mean age: 20 ± 2.3 years) with no upper limb injuries. Both wrists were examined in each participant (n=86). Active wrist flexion and extension were measured by three previously trained examiners using the smartphone application for the determination of inter-examiner reliability and a second evaluation was performed after 48 hours for the determination of intra-examiner reliability. Main findings: Excellent intra-examiner (ICC>0.75) and inter-examiner (ICC>0.90) reliability were found for both wrists. A very good correlation (r>0.90; p<0.0001) was found for the intra-examiner evaluation of the left wrist and good correlations (r>0.80; p<0.0001) were found for the right wrist and for the inter-examiner evaluations of both wrists. Good agreement was found for all measures, as demonstrated by the Bland-Altman analysis. Conclusions: The present data on intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability of the Goniometer PRO© for the smartphone demonstrate that this goniometric application can be used as an effective tool for the evaluation of the range of motion of the wrist.
Reptile Number Observation on the Rostov Nature Reserve Grounds the Middle of 20th Century to 2020
Authors: Malinovskaya Yu.V. , Minoranskiy V.A. , Kolesnikov S.I. , Dankov V.I.
Published: November 2020

To ascertain the changes in complexes of Reptilia species due to human activities on the Rostov Nature Reserve grounds in the 20th-21st centuries. Research Location and methods: There are 10 Reptilia species that habits observed territory. Starting from the middle of 20th century steppes had huge anthropological changes, which had significant impact on reptiles. The Re-serve creation had positive contribution to reptile group. In this region were preserved species included in Rostov region red book, such as Eremias arguta Pall., Coronella austriaca Laur., Hierophis caspius Gmel., Elaphe sauromates Pall., El. dione Pall. и Vipera renardi Chris. Intensification of agricultural activities in this region in last decade requires improved environmental work.
Coronavirus as a Social Driver of Everyday Life Transformation
Authors: Yarmak O.V. , Panova E.M. , Maranchak A.G. , Savina Z.S.
Published: November 2020

The article considers the influence of non-political risks of the COVID-19 pandemic, its manifestation as a social phenomenon, which contributes to the formation of new social drivers and the transformation of every-day life. The presented analytical review of the data of a number of sociological studies of Russian society on adaptation and reaction to changes in everyday life caused by self-isolation and measures to prevent Corona-virus infection, and the results of social media analytic during the period of active self-isolation in two Russian capitals - Moscow and St. Petersburg - led to make conclusions about the formation of new communicative trends related to the informational assessment of the situation of the Coronavirus epidemic and the problems of staying in self-isolation. The study was supported by the RFFR in the framework of the scientific project No. 19-29-07443/19 “Scientific and educational centers as a factor in the formation of human capital in Russia: the format for creating world-class scientific and educational centers according to the Presidential Decree “On National Goals and Strategic Tasks of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024”.
Activities of the Azov-Don Commercial Bank in the Russian Empire
Authors: Gorbik K.А.
Published: November 2020

The great reforms of Alexander II contributed to the development of a network of state and non-state bank-ing institutions. Non-state credit organizations such as commercial banks not only lent to different sectors of the domestic economy, but also brought financial dividends to the holders of their shares. Commercial banks played the role of intermediaries between persons with free capital and citizens of the Russian Empire who needed additional financial resources. The activities of private bank institutions were aimed at supporting the people of the Russian Empire by providing various banking services. The author explores the activities of commercial banks in the context of the development of capitalist relations in the reformed Russia. The activity of lending to the Don population by central and local commercial banks is considered separately. On the basis of statistical materials, it describes the operations of the Azov-Don commercial bank. The organizational structure of the Azov-Don commercial bank is investigated. Its activity is considered as financial discount, issue of loans and reception of deposits.
The Sendero Luminoso Phenomenon in the Research Field of the Peruvian Scientific Community
Authors: Magomedov R.M.
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of the left-wing organization Sendero Luminoso. An integrated analysis and comprehensive review of the works presented by monographs, essays, materials of specially created commissions, where the formation of political, social, economic and spiritual foundations necessary for the Genesis of this group are considered. Significant attention is paid to the discourse that has emerged in the Peruvian academic space on the issue of social support for Senderists. The author analyzes the concepts put forward and presented by Peruvian researchers regarding the nature of the occurrence of large-scale violence in Peru in the 80s of the twentieth century. The conclusion emphasizes the role of the state as an institution designed to prevent social contradictions that take place in society from escalating into a full-scale bloody conflict.
A apreensão originária da vivência da consciência
Authors: Santos Caio César Costa
Published: November 2020

Neste artigo, pretendo esboçar o itinerário do fundamento fenomenológico em torno da apreensão originária da vivência da consciência. Pretendo ainda, com alguns exemplos do próprio Husserl, esclarecer alguns conceitos da fenomenologia como “vivido”, “vivido de percepção”, “vivido de consciência”, “vivência”, “mundo da vida”, etc. O nosso objetivo é tentar delinear como Husserl via a “consciência”, alertando, para os leitores leigos, sobre a crítica ardorosa contra qualquer posição cognitivista que via a consciência como meramente uma “coisa”, um dado empírico verificável. Husserl, ao contrário, vê a “consciência” como um “fenômeno”, ou seja, como um dado originário da experiência. Veremos, nas linhas subsequentes, que o conceito de “consciência” husserliano advém, sobretudo, do “vivenciamento” da experiência e das vivências brotadas desta relação.
Prevention of Damage to the Environment in the Regional Judicial Practice
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the Orenburg State University PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Letuta Tatyana V. , Mischenko Elena V. ,   Dean of the Law Faculty of the Orenburg State University Professor of the Department of Criminal Procedure and Criminalistics of the Orenburg State University LL.D., Associate Professor
Published: November 2020

The article proposes the author`s approach to the solution of the issue of the efficiency of the use of the damage prevention institution in practice. The authors review the regional practice of application of administrative suspension, civil law termination and prohibition of activities of environmental law breachers. Various protection means are compared. The authors conclude that administrative suspension of activities aimed at fulfillment of its main function of interception of environmental offenses requires the law to be supplemented in terms of cases on the need for immediate offense repression. The paper justifies the expediency of application of the presumption of offender`s guilt in effect in respect of other misdeeds provided in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Prevention of damage to the environment as a complex legal institution needs its implementation mechanisms to be improved in practice.
BANK REGULATION BASED ON PERMANENT AFFORDABILITY OF PAYMENT FOR A MORTGAGE BORROWER
Authors:   Head of the Basic Department of Residential Mortgage and Financial Instruments of the Real Estate Market of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Financial University) Doctor of Economics, Professor, Tsyganov Aleksandr A. , Yazykov Andrey D. ,   Leading Research Scientist of the Department of Social Insurance and Economics of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Financial University) PhD (Economics)
Published: November 2020

Mortgage lending plays a key role in providing citizens with housing. However, the processes of obtaining and servicing a mortgage loan are associated with the provision of a large number of interconnected finan-cial services, each of which requires a quality relationship with the consumer. The article proposes to discuss a number of basic indicators and approaches to increase the protection of financial services consumers in mortgage lending, as well as instruments of influence on financial organizations providing such services. In particular, it is proposed to fix the numerical value of the maximum debt burden on the borrower as an indicator of a sustainable mortgage loan, as well as factors taken into account when calculating it at any time during the life of the loan, and not only at the time of its issuance.
ON THE STATE REGISTRATION OF A RIGHT: ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE RIGHT OF THE SURVIVING SPOUSE TO A SHARE IN JOINT PROPERTY PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH 2 CLAUSE 4 ARTICLE 256 OF THE CIVIL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Head of the Department of Civil Law of the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Arslanov Kamil M.
Published: November 2020

In the course of the ongoing reform of civil legislation the Civil Code of Russian Federation was amended in 2018, including Art. 256 (paragraph 2, item 4) regarding the legal fate of common joint property of spouses after the death of one of them. In the notarial practice the question arose in this regard as to whether the surviving spouse can be considered the owner of the property in the absence of state registration of the ownership right and, accordingly, in the future to be the heir to such property. This predetermines the question about the meaning of the state registration itself as a legal procedure in civil proceedings. It is concluded that the state registration for the case of paragraph 2, item 4 of Art. 256 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation is not of a legal nature and has a procedural meaning of formalization of legal relations. Thus, this is one of the exceptions from the general rule on the need for state registration for the recognition of the existence of ownership of real estate.
Labor Rights and Interests of Employees: Protection and Defense Under Russian Laws
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law and Civil Procedure of the Saint-Petersburg University of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation PhD (Law), Andreeva Svetlana N.
Published: November 2020

The article discusses the labor rights and interests of employees, as well as their protection under Russian law. Employees are entitled to basic rights that can be protected in various ways that do not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that today the protection of labor rights is very important for every citizen of the state, and it is necessary for the employee to independently ensure the protection of labor rights.
Taking into Account Personality Characteristics of Juvenile Convicts in the Organization of Complex Resocialization Work
Authors:   Senior Research Scientist of the Department of Study of Penal System Management and Reformation of Research Center No. 1 of the Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Kulakova Svetlana V.
Published: November 2020

The article presents the main results of empirical and theoretical analysis of the current state and General problems of re-socialization of juvenile convicts serving sentences in educational colonies of the Federal penitentiary service. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the individual and personal characteristics of minors who are serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty. The tasks are theoretical and empirical study of the main problems of resocialization of this category of convicts. The dynamics of changes in the share of minors convicted in 2016-2019 relative to the total number of minors in the Russian Federation is presented. The individual and personal portrait of a minor serving a sentence in prison has been determined. Criminological and individual-personal characteristics of juvenile convicts and the main recommendations for the organization of a comprehensive program of their re-socialization are presented.
International Prisoner Treatment Standards: For and Against
Authors:   Leading Research Scientist of the Federal Government Institution Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Antipov Aleksey N.
Published: November 2020

Russia’s accession to the Council of Europe at the end of the XX century predetermined the convergence and divergence processes of international and Russian law, led to the implementation of European standards and rules for the treatment of prisoners in Russian legislation, and established Russia’s obligation to implement the decisions of the European court of human rights. However, it was not the lack of scientific and economic justification for some of the proposed changes and additions that created an inappropriate result, situations that are not typical of Russia and in some cases contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Retificador CUK Monofásico Dobrador De Tensão Operando No Modo De Condução Descontínuo
Authors: Nava Mezaroba Mateus , José Balbino Anderson , Henrique Illa Font Carlos , Brunelli Lazzarin Telles
Published: November 2020

Este artigo apresenta a análise estática, dinâmica e a validação experimental de um retificador Cuk monofásico dobrador de tensão operando no modo de condução descontínuo (MCD). A topologia proposta integra dois retificadores Cuk clássicos através de um interruptor de três posições, o que dobra a tensão de saída ou reduz os esforços de tensão em relação à topologia clássica. A estrutura aumenta o ganho de tensão, mantendo a característica baixadora/elevadora da família Cuk. Além disto, parte dos componentes de potência são acionados somente em meio ciclo da rede elétrica, o que também reduz esforços de corrente nos semicondutores. Essas características permitem aumentar os níveis de potência e de tensão de operação do conversor Cuk. A topologia proposta foi analisada no MCD, modo no qual o alto fator de potência é naturalmente obtido sem a necessidade de uma malha de controle de corrente. De modo a corroborar a análise teórica desenvolvida, foi construído um protótipo em laboratório de 1 kW, com tensão eficaz de entrada de 220 V, tensão de saída de 400 V e frequência de comutação de 50 kHz. São apresentados resultados experimentais com malha de controle da tensão de saída, sendo que, em potência nominal, o retificador Cuk dobrador de tensão atingiu um rendimento de 94,68% e uma corrente de entrada com THD de 1,86%.
Conversor CC-CC Isolado Do Tipo Sepic Com Redução Dos Esforços De Tensão Nos Semicondutores
Authors: Vinícius Mosconi Ewerling Marcos , Brunelli Lazzarin Telles , Henrique Illa Font Carlos
Published: November 2020

Este trabalho propõem uma topologia baseada no conversor CC-CC SEPIC convencional isolado. A topologia proposta reduz os esforços de tensão sobre os interruptores e diodos e promove a divisão de corrente nos diodos do estágio de saída quando comparada com o conversor SEPIC convencional. Estas características ampliam a faixa de tensão e potência dos conversores da família SEPIC. O artigo apresenta a topologia, etapas de operação, análise teórica no modo de condução descontínuo (MCD), metodologia de projeto, resultados experimentais com um circuito de grampeamento passivo dissipativo e análise comparativa com o conversor SEPIC convencional. O conversor CC-CC proposto foi validado em um protótipo de 500 W de potência de saída, 400 V de tensão de entrada, 120 V de tensão de saída e 50 kHz de frequência de comutação. O conversor atingiu 91,87% de rendimento em potência nominal.
Perceived Impediments to Completed Brain Autopsies Among Diverse Older Adults Who Have Signed a Uniform Anatomical Gift Act for Brain Donation for Clinical Research
Authors: Glover Crystal M. , Shah Raj C. , Bennett David A. , Wilson Robert S. , Barnes Lisa L.
Published: November 2020

Background: A small number of older adults in the United States who agree to brain donation for clinical research belong to diverse racial, ethnic, and economic groups. Those who agree, however, are less likely to have completed brain autopsies compared with older non-Latino Whites of higher socioeconomic status. As such, our understanding of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias remains limited in these underrepresented and understudied populations. Here, we examine perceived impediments to completed brain au­topsies among diverse older adults who have agreed to brain donation for clinical research.Methods: Participants (N=22) were older adults (mean age=77 years) who self-identified as African American (n=8), Latino (n=6), or White of lower income (n=8). All participants had previously agreed to brain donation via the Uniform Anatomi­cal Gift Act. Each participant took part in a one-time, semi-structured focus group. Data were analyzed using a Grounded Theory Approach with both Open Coding and Constant Comparative Coding.Results: Perceived impediments to com­pleted brain autopsies varied by group. Older African Americans and older Latinos expressed concern about a lack of follow-through by family members regarding their brain donation wishes. Older Whites of lower income indicated that their own un­certainty surrounding the processes of brain donation and brain autopsy might serve as an impediment.Discussion: Diverse older adults expressed different perceived impediments to hav­ing brain autopsies completed upon their death. Continuous education for diverse older adults and their family members re­garding brain donation for clinical research, including clear guidelines and processes, may facilitate completed brain autopsies among diverse older adults.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(Suppl 2):709-718; doi:10.18865/ed.30.S2.709
Guidelines for Evaluating the Feasibility of Recruitment in Pilot Studies of Diverse Populations: An Overlooked but Important Component
Authors: Stewart Anita L. , Nápoles Anna Maria , Piawah Sorbarikor , Santoyo-Olsson Jasmine , Teresi Jeanne A.
Published: November 2020

Background: In health disparities research, studies often fall short of their recruitment goals. Conducting a pilot feasibility study of recruitment in which data are collected systematically on recruitment processes can help investigators refine methods for the larger study. However, there are few guide­lines for conducting pilot feasibility studies, and recruitment methods are seldom the focus. Feasibility indicators differ from traditional reports of recruitment results by focusing on the extent to which recruitment goals are met.Methods: We present an organizing frame­work for assessing the feasibility of recruit­ment that includes eight steps, briefly: 1) specify recruitment goals; 2) specify recruit­ment processes; 3) establish a tracking sys­tem for each individual; 4) establish a track­ing database for monitoring processes and results; 5) implement recruitment and track each individual’s progress; 6) summarize re­cruitment results; 7) calculate and interpret feasibility measures - were goals met; and 8) if goals were not met, utilize tracking data to modify methods for the larger study. We describe methods within each step, with added details for steps 2-5 (the specific pro­cesses). The framework draws from a small literature on recruitment feasibility with a focus on health disparities populations. The guidelines blend well-known methods of recruitment with additional information on calculating feasibility indicators.Conclusion: These guidelines provide a first step in thinking systematically about recruitment feasibility, to advance the field of measuring feasibility. Feasibility indicators also can be used to track the effectiveness of innovative recruitment strategies as part of building the science of recruitment, es­pecially in disparities populations. Ethn Dis. 2020; 30(Suppl 2):745-754; doi:10.18865/ed.30.S2.745
ЛИНГВОСТИЛИСТИЧКИ ПРИСТУП ОБРАДИ ПЕСМЕ НАУЧИТЕ ПЈЕСАН МИОДРАГА ПАВЛОВИЋА
Authors: Илић Тања Ж.
Published: November 2020

У раду се с методичког аспекта разматрају могућности обраде песме Миодрага Павловића Научите пјесан у средњошколској настави. Циљ рада је осветљавање одговарајућих методичких поступака у вези с тумачењем лингвостилистичких особености. Анализом лингвостилистичких особености дошло се до закључка да је песма структурирана на принципима аналогије и контраста и на формалном и на идејном плану. По фреквенцији се издвајају две групе лексема: оне које негативну конотацију задобијају у контексту и глаголи у односу парцијалне синонимије, обједињени архисемом ’производити глас’. Архаизам пјесан представља стилску доминанту и својим широким упућивачким значењем реферише на реч/говор као творевину људског духа.
ДИДАКТИЧНОСТ ТЕКСТА И ИЛУСТРАЦИЈА У МАЛОМ ПРИНЦУ
Authors: Јакшић Милица Ж.
Published: November 2020

Рад се бави илустрацијама у роману Мали принц, њиховом везом са самим текстом и поукама које та корелација доноси. Истиче се битност Егзиперијевих цртежа за читање и разумевање дела. Цртежи су посебно корисни деци, јер она лакше и брже разумеју текст визуелним подстреком. Мали принц је ванвременска књига и свако ново читање доноси нове доживљаје. Изузетно је битно деци приближити ово дело, јер кроз лепршаве дијалоге, лепе реченице и цртеже могу много тога да доживе. Вишезначност Егзиперијевог дела, веза цртежа и текста, алегоријска прича приказани су у овом делу са циљем да се олакша анализа и да се ђацима дело приближи на другачији начин. Корелација у великој мери постоји у књижевности, треба је истражити и тако учинити анализу дела занимљивијом за ученике. Нове генерације захтевају другачији начин рада на часу − примена корелације и дидактичко тумачење слика и текста може довести до испуњења исхода предвиђених наставним планом и програмом.
Współpraca państw członkowskich UE w sprawach cywilnych w obszarze poszukiwania prawa właściwego zobowiązaniom pozaumownym w latach 1957–1997
Authors: Wasylkowska-Michór Magdalena
Published: November 2020

Cooperation of EU member states in civil cases relating to the search for the applicable law for non-contractual obligations in 1957–1997

The article focuses on a historical overview of the evolution of cooperation on civil matters in the European Union. Given the fact that this cooperation has developed the best in international private law, the author presents its development, using as her example legislative work on the harmonisation of confl ict-of-law rules regarding tort, which in the end led to the adoption of the Rome II Regulation on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations. The article is divided into three parts corresponding to the stages in the development of cooperation between member states in civil matters — after the entry into force of the EEC Treaty, then after the entry into force of the Maastricht Treaty and fi nally the entry into force of the Treaty of Amsterdam. 

Die Zusammenarbeit der EU-Mitgliedstaaten betreff end Zivilsachen im Bereich der Feststellung des einschlägigen Rechtes für die außervertraglichen Verbindlichkeiten in den Jahren 1957–1997

In dem Beitrag wird vor dem historischen Hintergrund dargestellt, wie sich die Zusammenarbeit betreff end Zivilsachen in der Europäischen Union ausgestaltet hat. Angesichts der Tatsache, dass sich diese Zusammenarbeit am besten im Bereich des internationalen Privatrechtes entwickelte, wurde ihre Entwicklung am Bespiel der gesetzgeberischen Arbeiten präsentiert, die schließlich zur Annahme der Verordnung Rom II über das für die außervertraglichen Verbindlichkeiten einschlägige Recht geführt haben. Der Beitrag besteht aus drei Teilen, die den Entwicklungstappen der Zusammenarbeit der Mitgliedstaaten im Bereich der Zivilsachen entsprechen — nach dem Inkrafttreten des EWG-Vertrages, dann des Vertrages von Maastricht und schließlich nach dem Inkrafttreten des Vertrages von Amsterdam.
Kwestia (nie)pomijalności organów administracji publicznej w kontekście obowiązywania przepisów dotyczących nazw ulic
Authors: Tabernacka Magdalena
Published: November 2020

Artykuł dotyczy problemu niepomijalności organów administracji publicznej, zarówno samorządu terytorialnego, jak i administracji rządowej, w kontekście obowiązywania ustawy o zakazie propagowania komunizmu. Istotnymi czynnikami wpływającymi na niepomijalność organów samorządu terytorialnego jest ich ustrojowa pozycja w państwie, co ma związek ze środkami ochrony samodzielności ich działania. Praktyka wykonywania przez organy administracji rządowej kompetencji nadzorczych wynikających z ustawy o zakazie propagowania komunizmu, gdzie można zauważyć swoisty automatyzm działania tych organów, prowadzi do faktycznej pomijalności organów samorządowych, które są organami korzystającymi z gwarantowanej konstytucyjnie samodzielności. Prowadzi to do konfliktów, w których istotną rolę odgrywają następujące czynniki: kwestia oceny historycznego znaczenia pewnych faktów; konieczność zachowania standardu samodzielności jednostek samorządu terytorialnego jako podmiotów zdecentralizowanych; problem tożsamości jednostek samorządu terytorialnego.
Niepomijalność organów administracji publicznej w zakresie ujawniania informacji dotyczących finansów publicznych w Polsce
Authors: Feret Elżbieta
Published: November 2020

Przedmiotem opracowania jest wskazanie wybranych przejawów działalności organów administracji publicznej w zakresie dostarczania informacji o finansach publicznych w Polsce w celu udowodnienia tezy niemożności pomijania działań zarówno rządowych, jak i samorządowych organów administracji publicznej na każdej płaszczyźnie funkcjonowania państwa.Analiza wybranej problematyki zostanie przeprowadzona na podstawie jednej z zasad budżetowych — zasady jawności budżetu. Z uwagi na rozszerzenie jej znaczenia także na jawność i przejrzystość finansów publicznych rozważania będą się opierać na poprzednio i aktualnie obowiązujących przepisach prawa w kontekście działań organów administracji publicznej.Podstawą rozważań będą obowiązujące unormowania prawne związane przede wszystkim z finansami publicznymi, lecz także wynikające z innych aktów normatywnych, wybrane pozycje literatury przedmiotu oraz orzecznictwo sądowe. Te źródła najlepiej bowiem potwierdzą przyjętą tezę o niepomijalności działań organów publicznych również w obszarze funkcjonowania polskich finansów publicznych.
Picea abies és Pinus mugo fafajok egészségi állapotának vizsgálata a Wechsel-hegység természetközeli erdőállományaiban
Authors: Falvai Dominika , Baltazár Tivadar , Szegleti Zsófia , Czóbel Szilárd
Published: November 2020

Számos klimatikus modell a hőmérséklet jelentős emelkedését prognosztizálja a hegyvidéki régiókban, amely más tényezőkkel együtt befolyásolhatja a montán fajok eloszlását és az itteni életközösségek összetételét. A hegyvidéki területeken eddig észlelt, illetve előrejelzett termofilizáció felgyorsíthatja az erdőalkotó fásszárúak elterjedésének magasabb térszínek felé történő elmozdulását az Alpokban. Kutatásunk során arra kerestük a választ, hogy az ausztriai Wechsel-hegység montán és szubalpin zónájában a domináns tűlevelű fajok egészségi állapota hogyan változik egy magassági transzekt mentén. A terepi méréseket ArborSonic FAKOPP 3D akusztikus tomográf és ArborElectro impedancia tomográf segítségével végeztük el, amelyek roncsolásmentesen képesek megállapítani a korhadt részek kiterjedését és pontos elhelyezkedését, illetve a gombafertőzöttség mértékét és lokalizációját. Mind a közönséges lucfenyő (Picea abies), mind a havasi törpefenyő (Pinus mugo) esetében szignifikáns, de részben eltérő jellegű összefüggést találtunk a korhadtság mértéke és a tengerszint feletti magasság között. A lucos övben a romlottsági értékekre illesztett trendvonal haranggörbe jellegű lefutást mutatott. A lucfenyő szignifikánsan korhadtabbnak bizonyult elterjedésének alsó magassági területén, ami alapján a lucos zóna areájának szűkülése valószínűsíthető a vizsgált területen. Ez természetvédelmi szempontból nem túl kedvező, hiszen a Picea abies domináns, állományalkotó fafaj, emiatt a komplett lucos élőhely beszűkülése több, az élőhelyhez köthető, kisebb ökológiai alkalmazkodó-képességgel jellemezhető faj esetében negatív következményekkel járhat.
Nyílt homokpusztagyep helyreállítási lehetőségei akác ültetvények helyén: a kaszálás hosszú távú hatása
Authors: Halassy Melinda , Kövendi-Jakó Anna , Reis Bruna Paolinelli , Sáradi Nóra , Szitár Katalin , Török Katalin
Published: November 2020

A kaszálás hosszú távú hatását vizsgáltuk nyílt homoki gyepek regenerációjára akác-állományok felszámolását követően. Három homoki akácállomány került letermelésre 1994/1995 telén. Az akáctönköket vegyszeres lekenéssel kezeltük, majd a terület egy részén évi kétszeri kaszálást alkalmaztunk 1995 és 2001 között. A vegyszeres kezelés sikeresen visszaszorította az akácot a nyíltabb táji környezetben található állományok esetén. Itt a kaszált parcellákon szignifikánsan magasabb borítást értek el a nyílt homoki célfajok, mint a nem kaszált parcellákon, de 22 év alatt sem érték el a referencia gyepekre jellemző értéket, mivel a kaszálás elősegítette az idegenhonos fajok térnyerését is. Míg ültetvényekkel körülvett foltban a nem kaszált parcellákon újra felnőtt az akác, s a célfajok betelepedése elmaradt. A hosszú távú monitorozás alapján a kaszálás hatékonyan segítette elő a nyílt homokpusztagyep regenerációját letermelt homoki akácosok helyén, de a teljes helyreállításhoz további beavatkozások szükségesek.
Mindig útban? – Városias környezetben fennmaradt földikutya-állományok megőrzésének kihívásai Magyarországon
Authors: Németh Attila , Moldován Orsolya , Szél László
Published: November 2020

A nyugati földikutyák (Nannospalax (superspecies leucodon)) Magyarország legveszélyeztetettebb emlősei közé tartoznak. Az elmúlt fél évszázad során drámai mértékű és gyors ütemű állománycsökkenésen estek át, ezért elterjedésük, fennmaradt állományaik száma pontosan nem ismert. Még létező populációik felkutatása a konzervációbiológia aktuális feladata. Az előkerülő újabb töredékállományok azonban gyakran okoznak a természetvédelem számára szokatlan, nehezen kezelhető helyzeteket, mivel jellemzően nem védett területeken, hanem beruházások, fejlesztések helyszínein, építési vagy mezőgazdasági hasznosítás alatt álló területeken találhatóak. Bemutatjuk az utóbbi évtizedben megtalált állományokat, valamint azokat a problémákat, melyeket ezeknek az állományoknak a megőrzése okoz. Az eddigi erőfeszítések, az alkalmazott megoldások és azok tanulságai hozzájárulhatnak más fajok, illetve hasonlóan kényes helyzetek természetvédelmi szempontból megfelelő kezeléséhez is.
Primerljivost dosežkov na osnovni in višji ravni izpita iz matematike na splošni maturi
Authors: Cankar Gašper , Žerovnik Janez
Published: November 2020

Izpit iz matematike na splošni maturi je v Sloveniji zelo dobro poznan, saj ga kot obvezen del splošne mature vsak gimnazijec opravlja bodisi na osnovni bodisi na višji ravni zahtevnosti že od leta 1995. V točkovnih ocenah je lahko kandidat na osnovni ravni ocenjen z ocenami od 1 do 5, na višji ravni do 8. Državni izpitni center in predmetna komisija z različnimi mehanizmi zagotavljajo, da oba izpita primerljivo znanje izmerita z enakimi ocenami, kar je nujno za zagotavljanje veljavnosti in objektivnosti državnega maturitetnega izpita. Seveda pa vedno obstaja prostor za znanstveno raziskovalne analize in izboljševanje obstoječih pristopov. Skozi primerjavo sedanjega pristopa k postavljanju mej med ocenami in analiz, ki temeljijo na Raschevem modelu teorije odgovora na postavko, sva raziskala načine, ki bi omogočali s post-hoc analizami v časovno kritičnem obdobju postavljanja mej med ocenami dosegati še bolj pravično in bolj primerljivo ocenjevanje znanja matematike na splošni maturi.
The Correlation of Ergonomic Risk Factor with Musculoskeletal Complaints in Batik Workers
Authors: Prabarukmi Galuh Sistha , Widajati Noeroel
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Batik is one of Indonesia’s cultural wealth which was established as an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2009. Batik fabrics have been actively produced in both micro and macro industries in Indonesia. The process of batik production still faithfully employs manual labor. The large number of workers involved in batik production activities causes them to potentially suffer from occupational diseases such as musculoskeletal disorders. Various factors can cause workers to suffer from musculoskeletal complaints, one of them is ergonomic factor. Batik Madura home industry is one of the largest batik-producing home industries in Bangkalan District, Madura. This study object was to determine the correlation between ergonomic risk factors and musculoskeletal complaints in workers of Batik Madura home industry. Methods: This was an observational study through cross sectional design. Data collection was conducted through observation and interviews with the workers of Batik Madura home industry. The population in this study was 61 workers of Batik Madura home industry. This study used total sampling technique in which the whole population were taken as the sample. Results: There was a very strong correlation of ergonomic chance factor with musculoskeletal complaints (r=0.876) on workers of Batik Madura home industry. Conclusion: There was a very strong correlation of ergonomic chance factor with musculoskeletal complaints (r=0.876) on workers of Batik Madura home industry.Keywords: ergonomic risk factor, musculoskeletal complaints, batik workers
THE APPLICATION OF USING GEL PAD AS A MEDIUM FOR ULTRASOUND SHOULDER
Authors: Sisparwati Lelly Agustina , Setiawati Rosy , Putri Berliana Devianti
Published: November 2020

Background: A conductive medium on ultrasound is a medium that is used to obtain sound wave transmission by minimizing air between the transducer and the skin. This study used materials that are easily found such as gel wax and paraffin for making the gel pad. A good oil and mineral based wax gel are used as a basic ingredient for ultrasound gel making. Gel pad can be used to minimize the structure of unauthorized organs. One of which is the shoulder. Objective: This study aims to determine the quality of the image in the use of standard gel, and the use of gel pad as a medium for ultrasound shoulder. Method: Gel pad is made by mixing gel wax and paraffin ingredients. This gel is used to obtain images from ultrasound investigation. The study used 16 samples with a total of 64 images obtained in which 32 images using standard gel and gel pad in the long axis position and 32 images using standard gel and gel pad in the short axis position. The analysis of image results is done using matlab image processing to assess SNR. The image quality obtained from the results of the questionnaire was assessed by a specialist in radiology. Image quality processing based on SNR was tested using independent T test. Meanwhile, the results of image quality from the questionnaire assessment were tested using Wilcoxon. Result: As many as 64 objects were obtained using standard gel. The gel pad showed that there were significant differences in the results of image quality based on SNR values. In the results of the questionnaire assessment, there are several anatomic organs that have no significant differences. Conclusion: The use of standard gel was still higher compared to the use of gel pad. The gel pad is able to become a standard gel alternative on ultrasound shoulder examination.
On Catalysis by Biological Macromolecular Enzymes
Authors: Dong Jianshu
Published: November 2020

Classical enzyme kinetics are summarized and linked with modern discoveries here. The time course of sequential catalytic events by biological macromolecular enzyme is analyzed at the molecular level; the relationships between catalytic efficiency (turnover number), catalytic rate/velocity, the amount of time taken and physical/biochemical conditions of the system are discussed. This writing tries to connect the microscopic molecular behavior of enzyme to kinetic data obtained in experiment, and the hypothesis proposed here provide an interpretation to previous experimental observations and can be testified by future experiments.
Cost-Effectiveness of Olanzapine and Risperidone in Treatment of Patients with Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Thailand
Authors: Thongchandee Oranuch , Khatab Khaled , Raheem Maruf
Published: November 2020

Aim: This research is aimed at examining the cost-effectiveness of olanzapine versus risperidone in dementia patients with behavioural and psychological symptoms in Thailand. Methods: An existing Markov model based on a critical review through the comprehensive literature search and a justification for the most appropriate model for a Thai setting was adapted to simulate the disease progression of patients with dementia with behavioural disturbances until their need for full-time care (FTC). The time to the FTC state was estimated by a predictive equation developed by Rive et al. (2010). The model was conducted to assess the expected costs and outcomes associated with olanzapine compared with risperidone for Thai patients with BPSD aged 60 years and above. This model performed over a five-year time horizon with a one-month cycle length based on a societal perspective. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was used as the estimated outcome. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to demonstrate the robustness of the results. Results: Over 5 years, olanzapine was found to be a cost-effective therapeutic option for the treatment of behaviourally disturbed patients with dementia compared with risperidone, in Thailand from a societal perspective (ICER < THB 160,000). The model underwent extensive sensitivity analyses, which also confirmed that olanzapine was the dominant strategy following the base-case findings. Conclusions: By comparison with risperidone, the model suggests that olanzapine can be regarded as a cost-effective therapeutic strategy for the management of patients with behavioural and psychological symptoms in Thailand.
Towards Sustainable Organic Farming Systems
Authors: El Chami Daniel
Published: November 2020

The European Union green deal has proposed the “organic farming action plan” to render this farming system more sustainable for climate mitigation and adaptation and to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs). While this policy instrument is fundamental to reach sustainable agriculture, there is still no agreement on what sustainable agriculture is and how to measure it. This opinion paper proposes an ecosystem-based framework on the crop life-cycle to determine the balance between economic, social and environmental pillars of sustainability to support decision-making.
Assisting Towards a Healthy Diet for the Most Deprived in Post-Crisis Greece: An Evaluation of the State Food Provision Program
Authors: Vlassopoulos Antonis , Filippou Konstantina , Pepa Aleks , Malisova Olga , Xenaki Dimitra , Kapsokefalou Maria
Published: November 2020

Introduction In 2016 the European Union setup its first structured food provision program to combat food insecurity. We aimed to measure the program’s capacity in assisting its beneficiaries to achieve a healthy diet and measure their satisfaction. Methods A computational study was carried out to calculate daily food provision per person under the program for January 2016-December 2017. A cross sectional survey in 3942 beneficiaries took place in December 2017-June 2018 collecting anthropometric, sociodemographic and program satisfaction data. Descriptive statistics were performed and reported as relatively frequencies, mean ± standard deviation. Results Dairy, fresh meat, legumes, sugar, olive oil and tomato concentrate were the most commonly procured items. The program’s contribution to vegetable, dairy and cereal intake was the lowest (3.4%, 6.1%, 6.0% respectively) as opposed to free sugars (12.2%) and oils (24.5%). The program’s algorithm favors greatly (almost 3-fold) single person applications compared to 4+ persons applications. The monetary value was estimated at 21.23±23.4 euros/food provision, however 64.4% of beneficiaries reported a high positive impact on the household budget. 50.7% and 41.6% reported high positive impact on feelings of anxiety and security, respectively. ~70% of the beneficiaries were highly satisfied with the foods provided, with lower scores for quality and shelf-life (50.7% and 58.8% high respectively). Conclusions The program is met by high beneficiary satisfaction and is perceived as a substantial assistance. Increases in the amounts and variety of foods delivered, with a focus on fruit, vegetables and fish should be considered, to further improve the program’s dietary impact.