bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the stationary and perturbed state of the central force field on the fractal characteristics of the attractor
Authors: Grabar Ivan , Grabar Olga
Published: February 2021

The paper states that the known algorithms for generating and constructing fractal sets can be significantly expanded through the family of new algorithms proposed by the authors. These algorithms are based on modelling the attractors of motion of a material point in the field N of central forces in a discrete formulation. When only one of these forces is accidentally switched on at any given time, the point attractor has a strictly fractal structure. It is shown that the perturbation of one or more of the N central forces leads to a change in the structure of the attractor. Thus, the areas of the attractor Dp , controlled by the perturbed forces, with an increase in the perturbation radius, evolve to the perturbation trajectory. For biharmonic perturbations, it is shown that these subsets belong to the inner region of the 2n–point. It has been established that for small values of the perturbation radius R the parameter n → ∞, and for large values of R the parameter n → 1. For the field of central forces in the form of matrices 2*2; 3*3; 5*5 the quantitative models n(2R/B; m) are constructed and their close correlation with the perturbation parameter R, the size of the side B of the square matrix of the field of central forces and the “gravitational” parameter m is shown. It is shown that the gnoseology of the proposed algorithms originates from the wellknown algorithm of M. Barnsley, but the physical and software components are significantly improved and developed. The proposed family of algorithms allows to expand the possibilities of generating original (exclusive) fractal sets up to ~ 1040… 1050 pieces. At the same time, it is possible to control the fractal dimension, porosity, specific gravity, aerodynamic and hydraulic resistance, noise, sound and thermal insulation properties, colour of individual subregions, etc. in a wide range of values. It is shown that a significant part of such fractal sets, especially those with a high degree of symmetry, can be useful for solving problems in the field of design, ergonomics and aesthetics, for decorating buildings, clothing, footwear, haberdashery, toys, as well as for creating puzzles, IQ-tests, etc.
Implementation of the cooperative marketing paradigm in the farming activity
Authors: Budnik Olha
Published: February 2021

The globalisation of Ukrainian economy, the distribution of land resources, the diversity of commodity producers and the radical breakdown of property relations have significantly affected the agricultural sector and production volumes. The development of farming in such conditions is accompanied by a set of financial, economic, material, technical, and social problems. This implies the need to introduce a qualitatively new conceptual paradigm of its development. The purpose of the study is to prove the relevance and feasibility of the application of the cooperative marketing paradigm complementary with marketing tools in the in the context off meeting the business interests of farmers. The objectives of the study are: identification of the main directions and trends in the development of farm business; implementation of the service cooperation concept in their activities in combination with marketing tools as well as the substantiation of the prospects of using cooperative marketing for farmers. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: abstract-logical and statisticaleconomic, analysis and synthesis. The undeniably important role of farms in agricultural production has been identified. It is emphasised that they have a number of competitive advantages, however, currently, they cannot fully use their own potential. Instead, the agricultural service cooperatives will contribute to the establishment of long-term and effective coordinated interaction in the rural society. The application of the radically new management approaches is proposed, the basis of which is the cooperative ideas with the marketing tools. The methodological understanding of the use of cooperative marketing in rural areas is presented and its prospects are proved. It is argued that the concept of cooperative marketing implementation to the agricultural business environment will contribute not only to the emergence of economically strong, competitive business units and the establishment of the favourable business climate, but an increase in the welfare of the rural population
A Study of Industrial Safety Measures with Special Reference to Automobile Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Pandey Mishra Dr. Ranjana , Mishra Dr. Ajay Kumar
Published: February 2021

In India, automotive is one of the largest industries showing impressive growth over the years and has been significantly making increasing contribution to overall industrial development in the country. Presently, India is the world’s second largest manufacturer of two wheelers, fifth largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles as well as largest manufacturer of tractors. It is the fourth largest passenger car market in Asia as well as a home to the largest motor cycle manufacturer. Purpose of study is to assess the safety measures to be taken in an automobile manufacturing industry and to provide suggestions for better safety measures can be applied in automobile manufacturing industry. Present study is Descriptive, Exploratory and empirical in nature. Sources of data are primary as well as secondary. Study is done with special reference to Force Motors Ltd. Safety provisions implied at Force Motors were observed and analysed. Statistical tools used are Bar charts and pie charts etc.
Modeling, Simulation and Implementation of PV System by Proteus Based on Two-diode Model
Authors: Yaqoob Salam Jabr , A. Obed Adel
Published: February 2021

The outcome from the present work is to propose a two diodes PV system model using Proteus software. This model is instituted on mathematical equations that describe the analogous to a two diodes PV panel circuit. This includes the source of photocurrent, two diodes, a parallel, and series resistors. Since Proteus software provides in its library many electronic boards and microcontrollers, the associated model is simulated by this more accurate and nearest software to real time implementation. The proposed model is confirmed by emulating its specification through experimental measurement information. Hence, this PV system model is linked to the Arduino Board with sensors for current and voltage so as to attain and monitor the PV system quantities voltage, current and power. To validate the propose PV system experimentally, a real component of a prototype PV system has been implemented and the obtained results reveal its corresponding simulation results
Employing visual thinking skills in the techniques of advertising art
Authors: Al-Gharawi Bydaa Sabih
Published: February 2021

The current research attempts to look into the modern trends in artistic education and teaching methods to upgrade some cultures of teaching art according to scientific methodology. It also works on enhancing current education methods to reach excellence in the process of teaching advertisement art techniques, where the research aims to take on skills of visual thinking and adopt them in preparing teaching units that represent weekly lectures for the students of the Department of Printing Design Techniques / First Grade, and develop their abilities in translating visual language carried in advertisements to a written phonic language that requires training on visual thinking skills. Therefore the zero assumption placed that there are no differences of statistic indication at level of indication of (0.05) between the average of degrees of trial group students and the control group in visual thinking test. As for the second chapter, it contained the theoretical frame that discusses two axes: Visual thinking and advertising. Actions came in third chapter where it contained research society and its sample and the research tool prepared by researcher as a test of visual thinking at the end of experiment. The fourth chapter reviews the results which showed that using visual thinking as a method to teach the subject of advertisement art techniques helped the learners understanding and active positive learning through the faster reaching of thoughts and information than the common method. The conclusions showed that there is a positive relation of statistical indication between visual thinking skills and teaching the subject of advertisement art techniques in a balanced form which helped on boosting concept abilities in the way that fits with art learner. The recommendations included: Adopting visual thinking skills in teaching subjects of design mark in different departments of Applied Arts Institute.
2014
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 69, No. 736, 2014: 3-10.
El Caso Jesuitas y la problemática judicial salvadoreña
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 75, No. 763, 2020: 3-9.
USHUL NAHWI SEJARAH DAN PERKEMBANGANNYA
Authors: Ahmad Zaky
Published: February 2021

Ushul an-nahwi adalah ilmu yang membahas atau mengkaji tentang aladillah an-nahwiyah (sumber hukum dalam nahwu), tata cara mengeluarkan kaidah-kaidah nahwu, serta pengaplikasiannya. Adapun yang dimaksud dengan al-adillah an-nahwiyah adalah sama‟, qiyâs, ijmâ‟,dan istishâb. Konsep Ushul nahwi pertama kali muncul abad ke-4 H dikemukakan oleh Ibn as-Sarraj, kemudian dipopulerkan oleh Ibn Jinni, kemudian pada abad ke-6 H kembali diikuti oleh al-Anbari dan as-Suyuti. Istilah Ushul an-nahwi dalam banyak hal muncul di kalangan ulama nahwu terinspirasi oleh wacana keilmuan yang dikembangkan oleh ulama fiqh atau Ushul fiqh. Ilmu Ushul fiqh merupakan ilmu yang paling banyak memberikkan pengaruh terhadap kajian Ushul an-nahwi, hal ini dapat terlihat dari banyaknya istilah-istilah yang digunakan dalam ilmu Ushul an-nahwi yang diambil dari istilah-istlilah ushul fiqh.
DAMPAK KETERAMPILAN DOSEN DALAM PENGELOLAAN KELAS TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Ahmad Afandi
Published: February 2021

Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengelolaan kelas yang dilakukan oleh dosen dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab kelas PKPBA UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang dan dampaknya terhadap motivasi belajar mahasiswa. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi partisipasi pasif, dan wawancara melalui pedoman observasi dan wawancara. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data primer dan sekunder. Analisis dalam penelitian disajikan secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan subjek penelitian dosen mata kuliah Kalam, dan Mahasiswa kelas PKPBA UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Kesimpulannya adalah keterampilan pengelolan kelas yang dilakukan oleh dosen mata kuliah kalam dalam menyiapkan kelas, pengendalian perilaku mahasiswa, menyajikan materi, mampu menciptakan suasana kelas yang kondusif dan menjadi faktor ekstrinsik mahasiswa terhadap motivasi belajar mereka.
JALAN AGAR IBADAH DITERIMA
Authors: Rahmad Ilahi
Published: February 2021

قُلْ إِنَّ صَلَاتِى وَنُسُكِى وَمَحْيَاىَ وَمَمَاتِى لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ

Katakanlah bahwa salatku, sembelihanku, hidup dan matiku hanya untuk Allah Rabb alam semesta. (Qs. Al Anam : 162)

Untuk menyerahkan ibadah kita kepada Allah taala, kita mesti berjalan di jalan yang Allah taala dan Rasul-Nya tetapkan, jika berjalan pada selainnya dapat dipastikan kita tersesat dalam melangkah, artinya ibadah kita salah. Agar ibadah itu menjadi ibadah yang benar, sesuai dengan kehendak Allah taala maka ada yang harus dipenuhi seorang muslim dalam melaksanakan ibadahnya, bisa kita sebut dengan syarat diterimannya ibadah yaitu memiliki ilmu tentang ibadah yang akan dikerjakannya, ilmu itu adalah mengetahuinya dengan dalil-dalil yang sahih dan harus berdasarkan penjelasan para ulama yang diakui keilmuannya, jika ia beramal tanpa ilmu ia akan mendapakan akibat buruk dari ibadah yang ia lakukan tersebut. Setelah seorang muslim beribadah dengan ilmu, ia harus tahu penyebab ibadah itu ditunda atau ditolak  oleh Allah taala, banyak hal yang menyebabkan ibadah ditolak, baik yang terlihat dari perbuatan zahir mapun yang tidak nampak dari perbuatan batin, seorang muslim yang inginkan keridhaan Allah taala, ingin mendekatkan diri kepada Allah taala dengan ibadah yang ia lakukan harus mengetahui serta menjauhi apa saja yang menjadi amalannya ditolak. Isi tulisan singkat ini adalah dua hal diatas, pertama syarat benarnya pelaksanaan sebuah ibadah dan kedua agar ibadah yang benar itu diterima disisi Allah taala
ESENSI METODE PENDIDIKAN: PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: STAI AS-SUNNAH BAHRUL ULUM
Published: February 2021

Pendidikan Islam merupakan pendidikan yang komprehensif
You, thou and thee
Authors: Van Dorst Isolde
Published: February 2021

This study creates a prediction model to identify which linguistic and extra-linguistic features influence pronoun choices in the plays of Shakespeare. In the English of Shakespeare’s time, the now-archaic distinction between you and thou persisted, and is usually reported as being determined by relative social status and personal closeness of speaker and addressee. But it remains to be determined whether statistical machine learning will support this traditional explanation. 23 features are investigated, having been selected from multiple linguistic areas, such as pragmatics, sociolinguistics and conversation analysis. The three algorithms used, Naive Bayes, decision tree and support vector machine, are selected as illustrative of a range of possible models in light of their contrasting assumptions and learning biases. Two predictions are performed, firstly on a binary (you/thou) distinction and then on a trinary (you/thou/thee) distinction. Of the three algorithms, the support vector machine models score best. The features identified as the best predictors of pronoun choice are the words in the direct linguistic context. Several other features are also shown to influence the pronoun prediction, including the names of the speaker and addressee, the status differential, and positive and negative sentiment.
Structural and Semantic Classification of Verbal Multi-Word Expressions in Slovene
Authors: Gantar Polona , Arhar Holdt Špela , Čibej Jaka , Kuzman Taja
Published: February 2021

This paper is an upgraded version of a conference paper presenting the categorization of verbal multi-word expressions (VMWEs) according to the PARSEME COST Action Shared Task 1.1 Guidelines. The categorization is universal but takes into account the characteristics of the individual included languages. It was used to annotate 13,511 sentences of the Slovene ssj500k 2.0 training corpus, which resulted in 3,364 identified VMWEs categorized as inherently reflexive verbs, light verb constructions, inherently adpositional verbs, and verbal idioms. The paper presents both the quantitative and qualitative results of the analysis, compares the suggested categorization system to existing work on VMWEs in Slovene linguistics, and evaluates the use of the proposed system for future work.
SUPPORT FOR SMALL RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN SLOVAKIA
Authors: Jankovichová Eva
Published: February 2021

Electrical energy and demand is constantly increasing disproportionately. Therefore, taken at Community level long-term programs such as the Europe 2020 strategy, which is primarily focused on the energy sector. Its priorities include reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increase energy efficiency through the development and introduction of innovative technologies and increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES) at Community level. The issue of implementation of energy from renewable sources in addition to the existing EU environmental strategies key area where attention is focused policy. Therefore, we can expect a significant inflow of funds into the development of these strategic concepts. Improving the energy efficiency is one of the key strategic approaches, contributing to the achievement of greenhouse gas emissions in Community.
EVALUATION OF A HEATING SYSTEM WITH A HEAT PUMP ACCORDING TO THE MODE OF INPUT DATA
Authors: Linhartová Vladimíra
Published: February 2021

The paper is focused on evaluating a heating system with an air source heat pump using the bin method. The main goal of the paper is to find the difference between three modes of input outside air temperature data in the calculation. Outside air temperatures are used in three modes, an hour based calculation, monthly frequencies and annual frequencies based calculations.
“La comedia de la promiscuidad”. El IV congreso del Movimiento europeo y sus consecuencias para los demócrata cristianos españoles
Authors: Urigüren López de Sandaliano Natalia
Published: February 2021

Mucho se ha escrito ya sobre el mal llamado “Contubernio de Múnich”, pero habitualmente se pasan por alto los cambios trascendentes que tuvo para los grupos políticos democristianos durante el franquismo, al margen de los confinamientos de sus miembros. El presente artículo pretende dar una visión de las consecuencias que el IV Congreso del Movimiento Europeo, celebrado en Múnich en junio de 1962, tuvo para la oposición española al régimen franquista, centrando la atención en las represalias del gobierno a los asistentes demócrata cristianos. Los acontecimientos arriba mencionados se produjeron tras la solicitud de España de asociación a la CEE en febrero de 1962, razón por la que la represión franquista no pasó desapercibida para la prensa internacional. Si bien es sabido que cierta prensa francesa como France Soir contribuyó a avivar la reacción desproporcionada del gobierno de Franco, se va a aportar en este trabajo, como contraposición, la reacción de la prensa alemana.
La superación de la autorreferencialidad del bien común en las fuentes wojtylianas
Authors: Cid Vázquez María Teresa
Published: February 2021

Karol Wojtyla nos ofrece una reflexión muy profunda y original sobre el bien común. La novedad consiste en el hecho de que el bien común se observa a la luz de aquel bien que es la comunión misma, la cual une a las personas entre sí. El bien de la comunión no es la suma de bienes dispersos cuya unidad se centra en los intereses particulares, sino el bien que causa la unión entre los hombres. Es el sentido principal de la trascendencia del bien. Analizaremos la amplia definición de bien común que se presenta en Gaudium et spes, para centrarnos después, siguiendo a nuestro autor, en el bien común concebido como el bien de vivir en comunión, es decir, el bien como guía de la vida humana.
El límite impuesto al mal: La Misericordia de Dios en Juan Pablo II
Authors: García Sánchez Emilio
Published: February 2021

Juan Pablo II ha sido testigo de uno de los periodos más dramáticos de la historia de la humanidad. Experimentó en primera persona —incluso como víctima—el poder gigantesco que puede adquirir el mal en el mundo y cuya consecuencia más grave ha sido la muerte de millones de vidas humanas. Guerras mundiales, guerras fratricidas, totalitarismos, abortos, abusos, eutanasias, torturas físicas y morales, atentados terroristas, etc. Como él mismo manifestó no ha sido un mal de edición reducida, sino un mal que se ha servido de las estructuras estatales para llevar a cabo su obra nefasta, un mal elevado a sistema. Pero el mysterium iniquitatis que representa esa abundancia de mal no ha conseguido, en el mismo mundo, destruir el bien, ni ha impedido su difusión ni su crecimiento. Más aún, el Papa proclamó con la fuerza de su vida y de su fe que, aunque el mal parezca invencible, nunca lo será porque tiene un límite que quiebra su potencia y que se llama misericordia. Aunque en un momento histórico parezca haberse concentrado la mayor maldad humana, al final, el mal entra en crisis total diluyéndose en una ola infinita de bien que lo supera y que se llama misericordia divina.
Europa, 1945: la necesidad de recordar
Authors: Muñoz Castellanos José Carlos
Published: February 2021

1945 es un año conocido como el “Año Cero”: supuso el fin de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y el inicio, para la Europa occidental, de un ideal que conduciría a la construcción de unas sociedades más justas y prósperas. Pero el año 1945 también fue un año de grandes sufrimientos para los europeos. Recogemos en este trabajo los testimonios de personas que vivieron esos agitados años, para ofrecer al final una reflexión de 1945 desde nuestro más inmediato presente.
Benavente y el Derecho o la menor cantidad de carrera posible
Authors: Gómez de Maya Julián
Published: February 2021

Jacinto Benavente, como tantos otros literatos españoles, vivió o padeció la discrepancia entre una vocación íntimamente sentida y los estudios superiores hacia los que se vio encaminado por el entorno familiar y social. En su caso, una precoz pasión por el teatro hubo de enfrentarse sucesivamente con la Ingeniería y el Derecho, siendo esta última la carrera en que, sin culminarla tampoco, más lejos llegó. El presente artículo se propone examinar, sobre la reflexión del propio protagonista, su particular peripecia en tan reiterado conflicto
In silico comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (N) protein using bioinformatics tools
Authors: URAS Mehmet Emin
Published: February 2021

The world has been encountered to one of the biggest pandemics that causing by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is placed in the Beta-CoV genus in the Coronaviridae family. N protein is one of the crucial structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 that binds to the genome thereby generating helical ribonucleoprotein core. It is involved in viral transcription/replication, translation, and viral assembly after entering the host cell through interacting with host proteins. N protein sequences of SARS-CoV-2 and taxonomically related CoVs are examined using bioinformatics tools and approaches including sequence alignment, sequence and phylogenetic analyzes, and predicting of putative N-Glycosylation and phosphorylation positions and also predictions and comparative analyzes are performed on 3D structures of N proteins from SARS-CoV-2 related CoVs through using of some of applied bioinformatics analyzes. Results of mega BLAST search revealed that the most similar N protein sequence to SARS-CoV-2 is Bat-CoV RaTG13 N protein sequence in the taxonomically related CoVs. SARS-CoV-2 is grouped with SARS, pangolin, civet and bat CoVs (RATG13, SL ZC45 and SL ZXC21) in N protein, nucleotide and protein based ML phylogenetic trees. Some of SARS-CoV-2 N proteins were showed divergence from other SARS-CoV-2 N proteins analyzed due to amino acid substitutions detected in SARS-CoV-2 N proteins samples in phylogenetic trees. The highest amino acid substitutions were detected in Richmont/USA (QJA42209.1) and Greece (QIZ16579.1) samples, with 2 and 3 place substitutions, respectively. By domain analyzes, three domains were detected as Corona_nucleocora (Pfam), N terminal CoV RNA-binding domain (HAMAP) and C terminal N protein dimerization domain (HAMAP). Possible N-glycosylation positions of SARS-CoV-2 N protein were predicted at two positions. Assessments of possible serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphorylations were found to be at 100 positions, 34 of them were higher than 80% possibility. 3D structure analysis based on TM scores revealed that although the results of 3D structure analysis were shown consistency with the taxonomy of the CoVs, the 3D structures of SARS-CoV-2 N protein and taxonomically related CoVs were not at the same fold.
On the interpretation of tense in temporal adverbial clauses
Authors: Newman Elise
Published: February 2021

Tenses in English temporal adjunct clauses seem to show properties of both matrix and embedded tenses. On the one hand, they are often argued to be interpreted with respect to the time of utterance (Stump 1985; Arregui & Kusumoto 1998; Kubota et al. 2011). On the other hand, they are more constrained than matrix tenses, claimed to be limited to past tense when the matrix tense is past, and present when the matrix tense is future. I present evidence from the English perfect that adjunct clauses are always interpreted relative to the nearest c-commanding temporal operator, which can in principle give rise to both types of behaviors: adjunct tenses are interpreted relative to some temporal operator if within the scope of matrix tense, or they are interpreted relative to the time of utterance if they are outside the scope of matrix tense. What decides between these possibilities in a given clause are syntactic and pragmatic conditions on adjunction and the resulting interaction between the presuppositions introduced by the adjunct clause and the meanings of the temporal connectives. The result is that when the matrix clause is a non-perfect, adjunct tenses are always interpreted relative to the utterance time. When the matrix clause contains a perfect, however, adjunct tenses may be interpreted relative to the matrix tense operator.
Turismo na Amazônia: a experiência das comunidades ribeirinhas da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (RDS) Rio Negro a partir das políticas de desenvolvimento local
Authors: Sousa Roberta Maria de Moura , Figueiredo Silvio José de Lima , Tavares Maria Goretti Da Costa
Published: February 2021

O Turismo de Base Comunitária é visto como um fator de desenvolvimento social, econômico e cultural para as comunidades locais em ambientes de conservação e biodiversidade. Entretanto, é sabido também, que os debates de políticas públicas sobre a inserção do turismo como gerador e impulsionador da economia em prol do desenvolvimento local, principalmente, no caso da região Amazônica ainda se encontra em construção. Assim, objetivo deste artigo foi analisar e descrever de forma comparativa as contribuições do Turismo de Base Comunitária (TBC) nas comunidades Nossa Senhora do Perpétuo Socorro do Tumbira e São Thomé na Amazônia como uma fonte de renda alternativa para diversificar a base produtiva de áreas rurais e como estratégia de conservação dos recursos naturais e da cultura local, a partir das políticas públicas de turismo no Estado do Amazonas. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa utilizando a pesquisa exploratória e explicativa, com dados primários e secundários. A análise comparativa demonstra que as políticas públicas de TBC tem sido um incentivo para a permanência da população local em áreas rurais, empreendedorismo, empoderamento, participação e protagonismo no processo de planejamento das atividades turísticas, embora as instâncias decisórias das políticas governamentais ainda tenham um forte viés centralizador. Além disso, o TBC percebido pelos empreendedores locais como uma alternativa econômica é capaz de gerar renda direta para as comunidades e contribui para a proteção e conservação recursos naturais e socioculturais.
Salicylic and citric acid as promising new stimulants for resin tapping in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.)
Authors: Michavila Puente-Villegas Santiago , Rodríguez García Aida , Rubio Faustino , Gil Luis , Lopez Rosana
Published: February 2021

Aim of the study: We tested alternative active principles to the most widely used resin tapping stimulant which contains sulphuric acid. We also studied the effect of wounding in five-year-old Pinus pinaster seedlings with a microtapping method.Area of study: The experiment was carried out at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid in Spain.Material and Methods: The experiment consisted of six treatments: control (no stimulant no wounding), wound (no stimulant), and pines stimulated with sulphuric acid, ethrel, salicylic acid and citric acid. We evaluated the resin yield differentiating between released resin and internal resin (resin retained within the xylem), and the physiological status of the tree.Main Results: Wounded plants produced on average three times more resin than control plants. Plants stimulated with salicylic and citric acids showed the highest resin yield and produced on average 15% more resin than those stimulated with sulphuric acid, mainly because the released resin was higher. Tree diameter affected resin yield and thicker trees produced more resin. We did not observe any significant effect of the treatments on stomatal conductance and only a marginal significant effect (p<0.10) on water potential.Research highlights: Salicylic acid and citric acid seem to be promising stimulants for the resin tapping activity to be further tested in field experiments with adult trees.Keywords: sulphuric acid; ethrel; pine resin; microtapping; wounding; water potential; stomatal conductance.Abbreviations used: TR: total resin content; RR: released resin; IR: internal resin; gs: stomatal conductance; Ψleaf: midday leaf water potential.
The Current Status of Research on English Language Teaching for Deaf Students - A Visual Analysis Based on CiteSpace Software
Authors: Wu Zheng , Jiang Shaohua
Published: February 2021

This article is in line with the initiatives of “supporting the disadvantaged” and “developing the cause of persons with disabilities” proposed by UNESCO. With using “deaf students” and “English teaching” as the key research terms, efforts are put into searching research in the Web of Science (WOS) core collection database from the year 2000 to 2020. The index results are sorted by publication years, authors, institutions, sources and keywords. Then these statistics are visualized by CiteSpace software in five aspects, including authors, institutions, journal sources and keywords. In total, there include 4866 articles abroad in this study. The number of articles published at home and abroad show an increasing trend. These collected researches focus on the teaching method, teaching strategy, cognitive condition, sign language teaching, and cochlear implant in English teaching for deaf students. The foreign ones emphasize on ability of deaf students themselves and influence force of auxiliary tool. The overall research on English language teaching for deaf students is on the rise, and the research contents and hot topics international literature are somewhat overlapped while somewhat different. The team cooperation and international exchange should be strengthened while complementing each other, in order to promote the overall development of this field.
Efficient Decomposition of Bayesian Networks With Non-graded Variables
Authors: Magrini Alessandro
Published: February 2021

Elicitation, estimation and exact inference in Bayesian Networks (BNs) are often difficult because the dimension of each Conditional Probability Table (CPT) grows exponentially with the increase in the number of parent variables. The Noisy-MAX decomposition has been proposed to break down a large CPT into several smaller CPTs exploiting the assumption of causal independence, i.e., absence of causal interaction among parent variables. In this way, the number of conditional probabilities to be elicited or estimated and the computational burden of the joint tree algorithm for exact inference are reduced. Unfortunately, the Noisy-MAX decomposition is suited to graded variables only, i.e., ordinal variables with the lowest state as reference, but real-world applications of BNs may also involve a number of non-graded variables, like the ones with reference state in the middle of the sample space (double-graded variables) and with two or more unordered non-reference states (multi-valued nominal variables). In this paper, we propose the causal independence decomposition, which includes the Noisy-MAX and two generalizations suited to double-graded and multi-valued nominal variables. While the general definition of BN implicitly assumes the presence of all the possible causal interactions, our proposal is based on causal independence, and causal interaction is a feature that can be added upon need. The impact of our proposal is investigated on a published BN for the diagnosis of acute cardiopulmonary diseases.
The Significance of Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Predicting Serious Bacterial Infections in Children With Acute Fever Without a Focus
Authors: Demir Hasan , Taşar Medine Ayşin
Published: February 2021

Objective: Fever is among most common causes of admission to hospital in childhood. In 20% of febrile infants and children, no focus can be identified by physical examination and this group is defined as “acute fever without a focus” (AFWF). Bacteremia (5%), and serious bacterial infection (15%) is determined in of children with AFWF. Clinical scales and laboratory tests are used to detect the risk of occult bacteremia and serious bacterial infection in children with AFWF This study aimed to determine relation between biochemical indicators and YALE Observation Scale, besides, rates of clinical scales and biochemical indicators predicting serious bacterial infections, in 3-36 months children with AFWF. Material and Methods: This study was performed prospectively, in 77 cases, between 3-36 months of AFWF. Low risk criteria was evaluated by performing YALE Observation Scale in children. Complete blood count, absolute neutrophil count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6, procalcitonin, urine analysis, chest x-ray, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination; blood, urine and CSF cultures were obtained. Results: The mean age of the patients was 11.0 (4-36) months, 64.9% (n= 50) were boys. Most commonly AFWF recovered in patients (35.0%), and urinary tract infection was diagnosed (32.5%). Severe bacterial infection was determined in 44.2%. When patient groups with and without severe bacterial infection were compared, white blood count, ESH, CRP, and procalcitonin were significantly higher in severe bacterial infection (p< 0.05). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate had highest specificity (87.5%) in discriminating between groups with and without severe bacterial infection. Conclusion: In conclusion, AFWF mostly recovered in children at 3-36 months, and urinary tract infection was common cause. White cell count, ESR, CRP and procalcitonin were found valuable in predicting serious bacterial infection. Further studies are needed to predict interleukin-6 value relevant to serious bacterial infection.
A Case of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Responding to Systemic Liposomal Amphotericin B Treatment
Authors: Çakmak Taşkın Esra , Kütükçü Hatice Büşra , Konca Hatice Kübra , Arga Gül , Özdemir Halil , Akay Bengü Nisa , Çiftçi Ergin , İnce Erdal
Published: February 2021

Leishmania is a vector-induced endemic tropical disease caused by protozoans. The most common cutaneous, mucosal and visceral forms are the cutaneous form. The main drugs in treatment are pentavalent antimony compounds, but their side effects create limitation of use. Local antimony compounds are used primarily in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. In some cases, alternative treatment modalities are required due to insufficient response to local treatment. Systemic amphotericin B treatment is one of the alternative treatments. In a patient who developed cutaneous leishmania at 21 months and who did not respond with local meglumine antimoniate therapy, a total of 21 mg / kg dose of systemic amphotericin B was given intermittently and successful results were obtained.
Difficulties and Barriers of Primary Health Care Physicians in Rural Areas of Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshahrani Mastor A.M. , Alsaleem Mohammed A. , Alsaleem Safar A. , Alfaya Mohammed A. , Alkhairi Muhammed A.Y. , Alshahrani Amjad M.H. , Alghamdi Mohammed H. , Qubayl Waleed K.S. , Mushari Ahmed Y.
Published: February 2021

Aim of Study: To identify difficulties and barriers facing primary health care physicians in rural areas of Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) belonging to the Saudi Ministry of Health, in rural areas of Aseer Region. A total of 134 physicians participated in the study. A validated study questionnaire was adapted and used for data collection. Results: Female physicians constituted 43.3% of respondents, age of 58.2% was 30-35 years, (Mean±SD: 32.8 ± 7.0 years), 54.5% were married, the salary of 76.1% was <10,000 SR, and the place of residence of 43.3% was in urban areas. Only 34.3% had opportunities for on-the-job continuing medical education, 33.6% were satisfied with medical equipment and resources, and 50% were dissatisfied with their salary. Internet service was present for 83.6% of participants. The social life of 83.6% was negatively affected, and 16.4% were exposed to violence at the workplace. Most participants had a favorable attitude toward working in rural areas, mainly in the form of professional satisfaction, pursuing postgraduate academic studies, building confidence as a clinician and provision of opportunities to upgrade knowledge and skills. Participants were less satisfied regarding several social factors, such as internet connectivity, isolation from family and relatives; received support from rural people, difficult schooling for children, but were not satisfied regarding PHCC infrastructure, their residential facilities, or earning more money. Conclusion: Serving within the rural healthcare system provides young physicians with an opportunity to build up their experience and to increase their confidence as physicians. However, important difficulties that they face are mainly social and financial. Hence, creating a health policy to safeguard the serving physicians’ career and providing facilities to promote personal and social well-being needs to be considered. Key words: Primary healthcare, rural health, difficulties, barriers, Saudi Arabia
Treatment of Hepatitis C with Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir in a Patient with Concurrent Stricturing Crohn’s Disease on Adalimumab
Authors: Hashim Almoutaz
Published: February 2021

A 22-year-old male with long standing, active Crohn’s disease on Adalimumab had presented with increasing levels of his transaminases. A full workup was conducted and the patient was found to have hepatitis C (HCV) based on a positive HCV antibody, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyping. He was started on a regimen of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir with excellent response defined by complete normalization of his transaminitis and an undetectable PCR at the end of 8 weeks of treatment and achieved sustained viral response at 12 weeks of treatment. This is the first case reporting the use of a combination of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir and Adalimumab in a patient with HCV and Crohn’s disease. Key words: Hepatitis C, Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir, Crohn’s Disease
An energy-aware data cleaning workflow for real-time stream processing in the internet of things
Authors: De Oliveira Egberto Armando Rabello , Delicato Flávia Coimbra , Mattoso Marta Lima de Queirós
Published: February 2021

The Internet of things (IoT) has recently transformed the internet, enabling the communication between every kind of objects (things). The growing number of sensors and smart devices enhanced data creation and collection capabilities and led to an explosion of generated data in the form of Data Streams. Processing these data streams is complex and presents challenges and opportunities in the stream processing field. Due to the inherent lacking of accuracy and completeness of sensor generated data, the quality of raw data is often poor. Data cleaning tasks are required to help increasing the quality of the data being processed in an IoT application. This work proposes a data stream processing workflow for IoT to be deployed at the edge of the network. It performs a fast data cleaning with low power consumption from edge and sensor nodes. The edge computing paradigm is used to bring the data cleaning task closer to the data sources and allow actions to be triggered immediately. In addition, an energy-aware data collection component is designed to reduce the network traffic and, as a consequence, decrease the power consumption of the network devices. The proposed workflow enables the deployment of long running real-time processing systems on remote outdoor environments.
Predição de Séries Temporais de Demanda em Modelos de Compartilhamento de Veículos para Modelos Uni e Multi Variáveis
Authors: Alencar Victor Aquiles Soares de Barros , Pessamilio Lucas Ribeiro , Da Silva Felipe Rooke , Bernardino Heder Soares , Vieira Alex Borges
Published: February 2021

O compartilhamento de veículos é alternativa para a mobilidade urbana que vem sendo largamente adotada. Porém, essa abordagem está sujeita a problemas, como desbalanceamento da frota ao longo do dia, por conta de demandas variadas em grandes centros urbanos. Neste trabalho aplicamos duas técnicas de séries temporais, o LSTM e o Prophet, para inferir a demanda de três serviços reais de compartilhamento de veículos. Além dos dados históricos, atributos climáticos também foram considerados numa das aplicações do LSTM. Como resultado, foi observado que a adição de dados meteorológicos melhorou o desempenho do modelo: um MAE (Erro Absoluto Médio) médio de aproximadamente 6,01% é obtido com os dados de demanda, enquanto um MAE de 5,9% é observado quando adiciona-se os dados climáticos. Também é possível notar que o desempenho do LSTM é melhor do que o obtido pelo Prophet (MAE médio igual a 10,4%) para as bases de dados adotadas aqui e considerando apenas a demanda dos serviços.
Plataforma Computacional para Construção de um Banco de Dados de Grafo do Sistema de Transporte de Curitiba
Authors: Peixoto Altieris Marcelino , Rosa Marcelo De Oliveira , Lüders Ricardo , Fonseca Keiko Verônica Ono
Published: February 2021

O estudo das relações dinâmicas entre as estruturas topológicas de uma rede de transporte e os padrões de mobilidade nesta rede se faz importante para a criação de soluções inovadoras para problemas de confiabilidade, otimização, vulnerabilidade e previsão de tráfego. Todavia, um dos maiores desafios da área de gerência, planejamento e operação do transporte é a manipulação de um grande volume de dados, geralmente provenientes de sensores de localização instalados nos veículos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo modelar o sistema de transporte coletivo da cidade de Curitiba usando uma base de dados de grafos gerada a partir de um repositório de dados abertos com informações da operação diária do transporte. A principal contribuição é o desenvolvimento de uma plataforma computacional para a geração automática da base de grafo a partir do repositório de dados abertos. Resultados ilustrativos de diversas métricas do transporte de Curitiba são apresentados, mostrando o potencial de análise da ferramenta.
Towards Federated Learning in Edge Computing for Real-Time Traffic Estimation in Smart Cities
Authors: Silva Matteus Vargas Simão da , Bittencourt Luiz Fernando , Rivera Adín Ramirez
Published: February 2021

The wide proliferation of sensors and devices of Internet of Things(IoT), together with Artificial Intelligence (AI), has created the so-called Smart Environments. From a network perspective, these solutions suffer from high latency and increased data transmission. This paper proposes a Federated Learning (FL) architecture for Real-Time Traffic Estimation, supported by Roadside Units (RSU’s) for model aggregation. The solution envisages that learning will be done on clients with their local data, and fully distributed on the Edge, with high learning rates, low latency, and less bandwidth usage. To achieve that,this paper discusses tools and requirements for FL implementation towards a model for real-time traffic estimation, as well as how such solution could be evaluated using VANET and network simulators. As a first practical step, we show a preliminary evaluation of a learning model using a data set of cars that demonstrate a distributed learning strategy. In the future, we will use a similar distributed strategy within our proposed architecture.
Implantação e Avaliação de uma Rede Sem-Fio de Longo Alcance e Baixa Potência para Cidades Inteligentes
Authors: Rossato Jonas , Spanhol Fabio Alexandre , Camargo Edson Tavares de
Published: February 2021

Redes LPWAN (Low-Power Wide-Area Network) são um tipo de rede sem-fio projetada para cobrir uma extensa área a uma baixa taxa de transferência de bits. Entre as tecnologias LPWAN, o padrão aberto LoRaWAN destaca-se por operar em uma faixa de frequência aberta, atingir um longo alcance, pouco consumo de energia e baixo custo dos equipamentos. Este artigo descreve a implantação e avaliação de uma rede LoRaWAN para apoiar a construção do conceito de cidades inteligentes no município de Toledo/PR. A avaliação considera a qualidade do sinal em diversos pontos do município e confronta os dados obtidos com um modelo de simulação. Também são apresentados o plano para expansão da rede e algumas aplicações em desenvolvimento.
Application of geostatistical functions and deep features to kidney biopsy images to differentiate focal segmental glomerulosclerosis from minimal change disease
Authors: Santos Justino Duarte , Silva Romuere R. V. , Veras Rodrigo M. S.
Published: February 2021

Chronic kidney diseases arise from acute or intermittent pathologies that have not been adequately treated, such as minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The accurate identification of these two diseases is of paramount importance, because their treatments and prognoses are different. Thus, we propose a method that is capable of differentiating MCD from FSGS based on images from pathological examinations. In the proposed method, we use four pre-trained convolutional neural networks and geostatistical functions to extract image features. Of the 8,720 extracted features, we selected 94 based on mutual information criteria, and in the classification step, we used a random forest classifier. The proposed method obtained an accuracy of 94.3% and Kappa index of 87.9%, a level that is regarded as “almost perfect”, confirming that our method is very promising.
Juridische Soziologien
Authors: Schweitzer Doris
Published: February 2021

Why did the subject of law play a central role in sociology as it emerged? And why is this no longer the case today? This study explains this transformation of the sociological interest in law by means of a genealogical investigation into the mutual references between the jurisprudence of private law and sociology: the way in which, from a legal perspective starting in the 19th century, law has been addressed as a social phenomenon in the face of concrete problems is reflected in the early sociologies of Émile Durkheim, Ferdinand Tönnies and Max Weber. This has led to a mutual demarcation, which places law and sociology in a problematic relationship to each other for the future.
Die Abstimmung zwischen kartellrechtlichen Geldbußen und Schadensersatzansprüchen
Authors: Hütt Christian Malte
Published: February 2021

The competition authorities regularly impose record fines against cartel participants. Usually, the affected parties also claim damages, which may even exceed the amount of the fines. European law regards these damages claims not only as compensation for the affected parties, but also as a specific instrument for behavioral control: The claims for damages have the effect of a fine increase through the back door. Considering the double liability, there are increasing warnings of a looming "sanctions overkill". This thesis examines the relationship between both types of sanctions and presents a proposal for a better coordination between fines and damages claims.
Draft Statute of the Multilateral Investment Court
Authors: Bungenberg Marc , Reinisch August
Published: February 2021

The EU is aiming for a Multilateral Investment Court (MIC) to replace the existing investment arbitration system. Based on the current debates in UNCITRAL and other fora this Draft Statute of an MIC demonstrates that it is possible to have a new system of dispute settlement. For the first time, a complete draft agreement is presented for the design of such an MIC as a new international organization, implementing strict rule of law-requirements for dispute settlement. Besides rule of law-considerations, cornerstones are reduced costs, a permanent bench of judges with an appellate system, transparency, more consistency in case law as well as the effective enforceability of MIC decisions.