bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Invasive Rhododendron ponticum L. on Natural Regeneration and Structure of Fagus orientalis Lipsky Forests in the Black Sea Region
Authors: Vacek Zdeněk , Vacek Stanislav , Eşen Derya , Yildiz Oktay , Král Jan , Gallo Josef
Published: May 2020

Biological invasions threaten global biodiversity and forest ecosystems; therefore, it is necessary to use appropriate strategies for combating the spread of invasive species. Natural regeneration of eastern beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) is considerably limited by an aggressive invasive shrub, pontic rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum L.), in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Therefore, the future character of the region’s forests is uncertain. The aim of this research was to evaluate the structure of beech forests with different management regimes of rhododedron and to determine the interaction among tree layer, rhododendron cover, and natural regeneration in Düzce Province using the FieldMap technology. The following variants of forests were compared: without intervention (control) and three and six years after rhododendron clearance. The results showed that tree density ranged between 175–381 trees ha−1 and stand volume between 331–589 m3 ha−1. The horizontal structure of the tree layer was mostly random, and the spatial pattern of natural regeneration was aggregated. Recruit density and height in the beech stands were significantly differentiated due to the influence of presence or absence of invasive rhododendron. Rhododendron cover ranged between 81%–97%, and woody stems amounted to 72,178–86,884 ha−1 in unmanaged forests. Canopy in the overstory did not have a significant effect on the density of regeneration and rhododendron cover. Tree layer had a significant negative influence on natural regeneration within a 4 m radius on the plots without rhododendron. However, on the plots with dense rhododendron cover, tree layer had a positive influence on regeneration within a 1.5 m radius. Natural regeneration density was significantly higher when rhododendron was cleared than the plots without intervention. On the plots without woody clearance, there was an insufficient regeneration (113–619 recruits ha−1); however, they had higher mean height compared to the sites without rhododendron. After three and six years of rhododendron clearance, the numbers of recruits in natural regeneration were 63,981 ha−1 and 105,075 ha−1, respectively. In conclusion, invasive spread of rhododendron was a limiting factor of the prosperous regeneration and tree species diversity, and manual clearance of rhododendron is recommended in managed beech forests of the study region.
Genetics of Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism and Meat Eating Quality in Tattykeel Australian White Lambs
Authors: Pewan Shedrach Benjamin , Otto John Roger , Huerlimann Roger , Budd Alyssa Maree , Mwangi Felista Waithira , Edmunds Richard Crawford , Holman Benjamin William Behrens , Henry Michelle Lauren Elizabeth , Kinobe Robert Tumwesigye , Adegboye Oyelola Abdulwasiu , Malau-Aduli Aduli Enoch Othniel
Published: May 2020

Meat eating quality with a healthy composition hinges on intramuscular fat (IMF), fat melting point (FMP), tenderness, juiciness, flavour and omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) content. These health-beneficial n-3 LC-PUFA play significant roles in optimal cardiovascular, retinal, maternal and childhood brain functions, and include alpha linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic (DHA) and docosapentaenoic (DPA) acids. The primary objective of this review was to access, retrieve, synthesise and critically appraise the published literature on the synthesis, metabolism and genetics of n-3 LC-PUFA and meat eating quality. Studies on IMF content, FMP and fatty acid composition were reviewed to identify knowledge gaps that can inform future research with Tattykeel Australian White (TAW) lambs. The TAW is a new sheep breed exclusive to MARGRA brand of lamb with an outstanding low fat melting point (28–39°C), high n-3 LC-PUFA EPA+DHA content (33–69mg/100g), marbling (3.4–8.2%), tenderness (20.0–38.5N) and overall consumer liking (7.9–8.5). However, correlations between n-3 LC-PUFA profile, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FASN), other lipogenic genes and meat quality traits present major knowledge gaps. The review also identified research opportunities in nutrition–genetics interactions aimed at a greater understanding of the genetics of n-3 LC-PUFA, feedlot finishing performance, carcass traits and eating quality in the TAW sheep. It was concluded that studies on IMF, FMP and n-3 LC-PUFA profiles in parental and progeny generations of TAW sheep will be foundational for the genetic selection of healthy lamb eating qualities and provide useful insights into their correlations with SCD, FASN and FABP4 genes.
Mechanisms of Apoptosis Resistance to NK Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Cancer
Authors: Sordo-Bahamonde Christian , Lorenzo-Herrero Seila , Payer Ángel R. , Gonzalez Segundo , López-Soto Alejandro
Published: May 2020

Natural killer (NK) cells are major contributors to immunosurveillance and control of tumor development by inducing apoptosis of malignant cells. Among the main mechanisms involved in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, the death receptor pathway and the release of granules containing perforin/granzymes stand out due to their efficacy in eliminating tumor cells. However, accumulated evidence suggest a profound immune suppression in the context of tumor progression affecting effector cells, such as NK cells, leading to decreased cytotoxicity. This diminished capability, together with the development of resistance to apoptosis by cancer cells, favor the loss of immunogenicity and promote immunosuppression, thus partially inducing NK cell-mediated killing resistance. Altered expression patterns of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins along with genetic background comprise the main mechanisms of resistance to NK cell-related apoptosis. Herein, we summarize the main effector cytotoxic mechanisms against tumor cells, as well as the major resistance strategies acquired by tumor cells that hamper the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways related to NK cell-mediated killing.
Blood Oxidative Stress Modulates Alveolar Bone Loss in Chronically Stressed Rats
Authors: Lopes Castro Micaele Maria , Nascimento Priscila Cunha , Souza-Monteiro Deiweson , Santos Sávio Monteiro , Arouck Mayra Barros , Garcia Vinicius Barreto , Araújo Raimundo Fernandes de , de Araujo Aurigena Antunes , Balbinot Gabriela de Souza , Collares Fabrício Mezzomo , Rosing Cassiano Kuchenbecker , Monteiro Marta Chagas , Ferraz Maia Cristiane Socorro , Lima Rafael Rodrigues
Published: May 2020

We aimed to investigate the effects of chronic stress (CS) on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats. For this, 28 Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, ligature-induced experimental periodontitis (EP), chronic stress (CS; by physical restraint model) and CS+EP (association of chronic stress and ligature-induced periodontitis). The experimental period lasted 30 days, including exposure to CS every day and ligature was performed on the 15th experimental day. After 30 days, the animals were submitted to the behavioral test of the elevated plus maze (EPM). Next, rats were euthanized for blood and mandible collection in order to evaluate the oxidative biochemistry (by nitric oxide (NO), reduced-glutathione activity (GSH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels (TBARS)) and alveolar bone characterization (by morphometric, micro-CT, and immunohistochemistry), respectively. The behavioral parameters evaluated in EPM indicated higher anxiogenic activity in the CS and CS+EP, groups, which is a behavioral reflex of CS. The results showed that CS was able to change the blood oxidative biochemistry in CS and CS+EP groups, decrease GSH activity in the blood, and increase the NO and TBARS concentrations. Thus, CS induces oxidative blood imbalance, which can potentialize or generate morphological, structural, and metabolic damages to the alveolar bone.
Connexin-Mediated Signaling at the Immunological Synapse
Authors: Tittarelli Andrés , Navarrete Mariela , Gleisner María Alejandra , Gebicke-Haerter Peter , Salazar-Onfray Flavio
Published: May 2020

The immunological synapse (IS) is an intercellular communication platform, organized at the contact site of two adjacent cells, where at least one is an immune cell. Functional IS formation is fundamental for the modulation of the most relevant immune system activities, such as T cell activation by antigen presenting cells and T cell/natural killer (NK) cell-mediated target cell (infected or cancer) killing. Extensive evidence suggests that connexins, in particular connexin-43 (Cx43) hemichannels and/or gap junctions, regulate signaling events in different types of IS. Although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, the current evidence suggests that Cx43 channels could act as facilitators for calcium ions, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and/or adenosine triphosphate uptake and/or release at the interface of interacting cells. These second messengers have relevant roles in the IS signaling during dendritic cell-mediated T and NK cell activation, regulatory T cell-mediated immune suppression, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte or NK cell-mediated target tumor cell killing. Additionally, as the cytoplasmic C-terminus domain of Cx43 interacts with a plethora of proteins, Cx43 may act as scaffolds for integration of various regulatory proteins at the IS, as suggested by the high number of Cx43-interacting proteins that translocate at these cell-cell interface domains. In this review, we provide an updated overview and analysis on the role and possible underlying mechanisms of Cx43 in IS signaling.
Interfacial Fracture Toughness Assessment of a New Titanium–CFRP Adhesive Joint: An Experimental Comparative Study
Authors: Tsokanas Panayiotis , Loutas Theodoros , Nijhuis Peter
Published: May 2020

Adhesive joints between dissimilar layers of metals and composites are increasingly used by different industries, as they promise significant weight savings and, consequently, a reduction in energy consumption and pollutant emissions. In the present work, the interfacial fracture behavior of a new titanium–carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) adhesive joint is experimentally investigated using the double cantilever beam (DCB) and end-notched flexure (ENF) test configurations. A potential application of this joint is in future large passenger aircraft wings. Four characteristic industry relevant manufacturing approaches are proposed: co-bonding with/without adhesive and secondary bonding using thermoset/thermoplastic CFRP. For all of them, the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) technique is utilized. To prevent titanium yielding during testing, two aluminum backing beams are adhesively bonded onto the primary joint. A data reduction scheme recently proposed by the authors, which considers effects such as bending–extension coupling and manufacturing-induced residual thermal stresses, is utilized for determination of the fracture toughness of the joint. The load–displacement responses, fracture behaviors during testing, and fracture toughness performances of the four manufacturing options (MOs) under consideration are presented and compared.
Advanced Surface Enhancement
Authors: Korsunsky Alexander M.
Published: May 2020

Ever since humans engaged in directed manufacturing activities to make tools and utensils, design decorative pieces of jewellery, build dwellings, and fabricate furnishings, they became concerned about surface properties [...]
Processing of Biltong (Dried Beef) to Achieve USDA-FSIS 5-log Reduction of Salmonella without a Heat Lethality Step
Authors: Karolenko Caitlin E. , Bhusal Arjun , Nelson Jacob L. , Muriana Peter M.
Published: May 2020

In the US, dried beef products (beef jerky) are a popular snack product in which the manufacture often requires the use of a heat lethality step to provide adequate reduction of pathogens of concern (i.e., 5-log reduction of Salmonella as recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS)). Biltong, a South African-style dried beef product, is manufactured with low heat and humidity. Our objectives were to examine processes for the manufacture of biltong that achieves a 5-log reduction of Salmonella without a heat lethality step and with, or without, the use of additional antimicrobials. Beef pieces (1.9 cm × 5.1 cm × 7.6 cm) were inoculated with a 5-serovar mixture of Salmonella (Salmonella Thompson 120, Salmonella Heidelberg F5038BG1, Salmonella Hadar MF60404, Salmonella Enteritidis H3527, and Salmonella Typhimurium H3380), dipped in antimicrobial solutions (lactic acid, acidified calcium sulfate, sodium acid sulfate) or water (no additional antimicrobial), and marinaded while vacuum tumbling and/or while held overnight at 5 °C. After marination, beef pieces were hung in an oven set at 22.2 °C (72 °F), 23.9 °C (75 °F), or 25 °C (77 °F) depending on the process, and maintained at 55% relative humidity. Beef samples were enumerated for Salmonella after inoculation, after dip treatment, after marination, and after 2, 4, 6, and 8 days of drying. Water activity was generally <0.85 by the end of 6–8 days of drying and weight loss was as high as 60%. Trials also examined salt concentration (1.7%, 2.2%, 2.7%) and marinade vinegar composition (2%, 3%, 4%) in the raw formulation. Nearly all approaches achieved 5-log10 reduction of Salmonella and was attributed to the manner of microbial enumeration eliminating the effects of microbial concentration on dried beef due to moisture loss. All trials were run as multiple replications and statistical analysis of treatments were determined by repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) to determine significant differences (p < 0.05). We believe this is the first published report of a biltong process achieving >5.0 log10 reduction of Salmonella which is a process validation requirement of USDA-FSIS for the sale of dried beef in the USA.
Exploring the Scope of Tandem Palladium and Isothiourea Relay Catalysis for the Synthesis of α-Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Bitai Jacqueline , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Cordes David B. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: May 2020

The scope and limitations of a tandem N-allylation/[2,3]-rearrangement protocol are investigated through the incorporation of a variety of functional groups within an allylic phosphate precursor. This method uses readily accessible N,N-dimethylglycine aryl esters and functionalized allylic phosphates, forming quaternary ammonium salts in situ in the presence of a palladium catalyst. Subsequent enantioselective [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement, promoted by the chiral isothiourea tetramisole, generates α-amino acid derivatives with two contiguous stereocenters. The incorporation of electron-withdrawing ester and amide groups gave the best results, furnishing the desired products in moderate to good yields (29–70%), with low diastereocontrol (typically 60:40 dr) but high enantioselectivity (up to 90:10 er). These results indicate that substrate–catalyst interactions in the proposed transition state are sensitive to the substitution pattern of the substrates.
A Simple and Fast Manual Centrifuge to Spin Solutions in 96-Well PCR Plates
Authors: Motohashi Ken
Published: May 2020

A simple and fast manual centrifuge was developed to spin down solutions in 96-well polymerase chain reaction (PCR) plates. A commercially available salad spinner was utilized for this purpose. Acceleration and deceleration of the centrifuge were faster than those of a conventional electric centrifuge using 96-well PCR plates. Solutions in a 96-well PCR plate settled quickly after centrifuging for only 3 s. This lightweight centrifuge can be stored under a laboratory bench or on a shelf and can be put on the bench only when required, whereas the electric centrifuge is immobile due to its weight and the requirement of electric cables. This simple centrifuge is inexpensive, requires minimal effort for making, and can be used anywhere.
Cellular Metabolic Profiling of CrFK Cells Infected with Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Using Phenotype Microarrays
Authors: Ng Shing Wei , Selvarajah Gayathri Thevi , Cheah Yoke Kqueen , Mustaffa Kamal Farina , Omar Abdul Rahman
Published: May 2020

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal feline immune-mediated disease caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). Little is known about the biological pathways associated in FIP pathogenesis. This is the first study aiming to determine the phenotypic characteristics on the cellular level in relation to specific metabolic pathways of importance to FIP pathogenesis. Methods: The internalization of type II FIPV WSU 79-1146 in Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney (CrFK) cells was visualized using a fluorescence microscope, and optimization prior to phenotype microarray (PM) study was performed. Then, four types of Biolog Phenotype MicroArray™ plates (PM-M1 to PM-M4) precoated with different carbon and nitrogen sources were used to determine the metabolic profiles in FIPV-infected cells. Results: The utilization of palatinose was significantly low in FIPV-infected cells; however, there were significant increases in utilizing melibionic acid, L-glutamine, L-glutamic acid and alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) compared to non-infected cells. Conclusion: This study has provided the first insights into the metabolic profiling of a feline coronavirus infection in vitro using PMs and deduced that glutamine metabolism is one of the essential metabolic pathways for FIPV infection and replication. Further studies are necessary to develop strategies to target the glutamine metabolic pathway in FIPV infection.
The Effect of Chitosan on the Chemical Structure, Morphology, and Selected Properties of Polyurethane/Chitosan Composites
Authors: Piotrowska-Kirschling Agnieszka , Brzeska Joanna
Published: May 2020

Materials science is an interdisciplinary area of studies. This science focuses on the influence of the physico-chemical properties of materials on their application in human everyday lives. The materials’ synthesis should be developed in accordance with sustainable development. Polyurethanes (PUR) represent a significant consumption of plastic in the world. Modification of PUR, e.g., with polysaccharide of natural origin (chitosan, Chit), should have a positive effect on their functional properties and degradability in the natural environment. The basic parameters affecting the scope and direction of changes are the size and quantity of the chitosan particles. The impact assessment of chitosan on the chemical structure, morphology, thermal properties, crystallinity, mechanical properties, flammability, water sorption, adsorption properties, degradability, and biological activity of PUR/Chit composites (without other additives) is discussed in this article. To the best of our knowledge, recent literature does not contain a study discussing the direct impact of the presence of chitosan in the structure of PUR/Chit composite on its properties, regardless of the intended uses. This paper provides an overview of publications, which presents the results of a study on the effect of adding chitosan in polyurethane/chitosan composites without other additives on the properties of polyurethane.
Special Issue “Machine Learning in Insurance”
Authors: Asimit Vali , Kyriakou Ioannis , Nielsen Jens Perch
Published: May 2020

It is our pleasure to prologue the special issue on “Machine Learning in Insurance”, which represents a compilation of ten high-quality articles discussing avant-garde developments or introducing new theoretical or practical advances in this field [...]
Alternatives for Recovering the Ecosystem Services and Resilience of the Salamanca Island Natural Park, Colombia
Authors: Rivillas-Ospina German , Maza-Chamorro Mauro Antonio , Restrepo Sebastián , Lithgow Debora , Silva Rodolfo , Sisa Augusto , Vargas Andrés , Sarmiento Juan Pablo , Caes Juan , Bolivar Marianella , Del Rio Roberto , Campo Erick , Casas Diego , Rudas Dennis
Published: May 2020

From a comprehensive diagnosis of the associated basins, islands, and wetlands of the coastal lagoon system of Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia, this work describes feasible options for the recovery of its ecosystem’s health and ecological resilience. Firstly, the state of the coastal lagoon was assessed, finding that hydrology, wave climate, and the morphological changes of the coastline explain recent changes in the coastal wetlands. Key variables were used to describe the level of conservation or degradation of the coastal lagoon system and to identify measures to improve its ecological functions. Finally, to mimic some of these functions and improve connectivity of the ecosystems, green infrastructure alternatives were proposed for the short and medium term to recover the services of these ecosystems and restore their resilience.
Educação e Sociedade oitocentistas: sobre positivismo e currículo em uma escola popular
Authors: Paixão Alexandro Henrique , Malandrin Hiago Vaccaro
Published: May 2020

Nesta pesquisa procuramos compreender a função social do Liceu Literário Português, agremiação portuguesa particular voltada para a instrução das camadas menos abastadas do Império, especialmente da comunidade de emigrantes portugueses situada no Município da Corte do Rio de Janeiro. Tentaremos demonstrar que o sentido de educação incorporado pela instituição oitocentista era composto em íntima relação com as ideias de Povo, Ordem e Progresso. Iremos descrever o sistema de decisão (política) e práticas pedagógicas que implicam no surgimento do Liceu durante a segunda metade do século XIX. Em seguida iremos reconstruir a trajetória histórica de composição curricular do Liceu Português. Por fim, estudaremos os processos de apropriação cultural do positivismo em dois momentos distintos – de organização (1868) e reorganização (1884) interna da instituição – segundo duas personalidades: Raymundo Teixeira Mendes e Reinaldo Carlos Montóro.
Algorithm for Selecting Visualization Components for Adaptive Simulators.
Authors: Krasnyanskiy M.N. , Obukhov A.D. , Dedov D.L. , Siukhin A.A. , Arkhipov A.E.
Published: May 2020

The paper presents an algorithm for selecting visualization components for adaptive simulators. Classification system for grouping and ranking visualization components has been developed. The algorithm allows to formalize the main objects of the technical system, for which the simulator is developed, correlate them with visualization components, evaluate and classify visualization components according to five criteria: integration time, utilization value and quality of component visualization, training period and quality of training, optimal solutions. The algorithm has formed the basis for the development of an adaptive simulator for the coal mining industry.
Minimally guided bone regeneration procedure for immediate implant placement and provisionalization of a maxillary lateral incisor: A case report
Authors: Fattahian Abdulreza , Poursafar Farzaneh , Yaghobee Siamak
Published: May 2020

Immediate implant placement has some advantages, such as time-saving, optimal soft tissue architecture preservation, and patient acceptance. In this case, prior to implant placement, minimally guided bone regeneration was performed to augment the concavity on the apico-labial aspect of a fractured maxillary right lateral incisor. After eight months, the tooth was extracted, and an implant was immediately inserted, and a provisional composite-based crown was delivered in the same appointment. After four months, well molded mid-facial gingiva and interproximal papilla were obtained, and a final metal-ceramic crown was fabricated.
Petroleum geological activities in West Greenland in 1998
Authors: Christiansen Flemming G. , Boesen Anders , Bojesen-Koefoed Jørgen A. , Chalmers James A. , Dalhoff Finn , Dam Gregers , Ferré Hjortkjær Birgitte , Kristensen Lars , Melchior Larsen Lotte , Marcussen Christian , Mathiesen Anders , Nøhr-Hansen Henrik , Pedersen Asger K. , Pedersen Gunver K. , Pulvertaft T. Christopher R. , Skaarup Nina , Sønderholm Martin
Published: May 2020

In the last few years there has been renewed interest for petroleum exploration in West Greenland and licences have been granted to two groups of companies: the Fylla licence operated by Statoil was awarded late in 1996; the Sisimiut-West licence operated by Phillips Petroleum was awarded in the summer of 1998 (Fig. 1). The first offshore well for more than 20 years will be drilled in the year 2000 on one of the very spectacular structures within the Fylla area. To stimulate further petroleum exploration around Greenland – and in particular in West Greenland – a new licensing policy has been adopted. In July 1998, the administration of mineral and petroleum resources was transferred from the Danish Ministry of Environment and Energy to the Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum under the Government of Greenland in Nuuk. Shortly after this, the Greenlandic and Danish governments decided to develop a new exploration strategy. A working group consisting of members from the authorities (including the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland – GEUS) made recommendations on the best ways to stimulate exploration in the various regions on- and offshore Greenland. The strategy work included discussions with seismic companies because it was considered important that industry acquires additional seismic data in the seasons 1999 and 2000.
The youngest Maastrichtian ammonite faunas from Nuussuaq, West Greenland
Authors: Kennedy W. James , Nøhr-Hansen Henrik , Dam Gregers
Published: May 2020

The Maastrichtian of Nuussuaq, central West Greenland, has yielded two successive ammonite faunas, here placed in sequence on the basis of new stratigraphical and dinoflagellate data. An older assemblage, with Hoploscaphites angmartussutensis (Birkelund 1965), Phylloceras (Hypophylloceras) groenlandicum Birkelund 1965, Saghalinites wrighti Birkelund 1965, Baculites cf. B. meeki Elias 1933, and Baculites sp. belongs to the Cerodinium diebelii palynofloral interval (9) of Nøhr-Hansen (1996), and occurs in reworked concretions in the so-called Danian Oysterammonite Conglomerate. A younger monospecific assemblage with H. aff. H. angmartussutensis (Birkelund 1965) occurs to within 10 m of the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary, and belongs to the Wodehouseia spinata palynofloral interval (10) of Nøhr-Hansen (1996). None of the ammonites collected to date occurs with Palynodinium grallator or Disphaerogena carposphaeropsis, dinoflagellate markers for the highest Maastrichtian in the area.
Geochronology of granitic and supracrustal rocks from the northern part of the East Greenland Caledonides: ion microprobe U–Pb zircon ages
Authors: Kalsbeek Feiko , Nutman Allen P. , Escher Jan C. , Friderichsen Johan D. , Hull Joseph M. , Jones Kevin A. , Schack Pedersen Stig A.
Published: May 2020

Granitoid rocks from different settings within the northern part of the East Greenland Caledonian fold belt have yielded U–Pb zircon dates between 2000 and 1730 Ma, confirming the Palaeoproterozoic origin of the crystalline basement. Widespread sandstone sequences occur both in the Caledonian fold belt and in the foreland to the west; all of these have been assigned to the Independence Fjord Group, and attributed a Mesoproterozoic age on geological maps. However, metarhyolitic rocks associated with the sandstones in the Caledonian fold belt have yielded an age of 1740 ± 6 Ma, significantly older than anticipated. Zircon ages for a sandstone sample in the same area suggest deposition after the end of Palaeoproterozoic orogenic events, but in part prior to emplacement of the rhyolitic rocks at 1740 Ma; sandstone from another locality may have been deposited before emplacement of the latest Proterozoic granite sheets. Field relations suggest that some granitic veins and sheets might be Caledonian in age, but, with one possible exception, all those analysed proved to be Proterozoic. The apparent absence of Caledonian granites in the northern part of the East Greenland Caledonides, despite regional high-grade metamorphism, may be related to the lack of major occurrences of pelitic supracrustal rocks within the crystalline basement complexes.
A new volcanic province: evidence from glacial erratics in western North Greenland
Authors: Dawes Peter R. , Thomassen Bjørn , Andersson T.I. Hauge
Published: May 2020

Mapping and regional geological studies in northern Greenland were carried out during the project Kane Basin 1999 (see Dawes et al. 2000, this volume). During ore geological studies in Washington Land by one of us (B.T.), finds of erratics of banded iron formation (BIF) directed special attention to the till, glaciofluvial and fluvial sediments. This led to the discovery that in certain parts of Daugaard-Jensen Land and Washington Land volcanic rocks form a common component of the surficial deposits, with particularly colourful, red porphyries catching the eye. The presence of BIF is interesting but not altogether unexpected since BIF erratics have been reported from southern Hall Land just to the north-east (Kelly & Bennike 1992) and such rocks crop out in the Precambrian shield of North-West Greenland to the south (Fig. 1; Dawes 1991). On the other hand, the presence of volcanic erratics was unexpected and stimulated the work reported on here.
Ensuring cybersecurity of complex information and control systems
Authors: Selivanov S.A. , Ogarok A.L.
Published: May 2020

Problems and approaches to ensuring cybersecurity of complex information and control systems are considered. The analysis is carried out and the differences between the theory of information security and the theory of cybersecurity are shown. The results of the analysis of the conceptual apparatus, regulatory framework and methods of the theory of information security and the theory of cybersecurity are presented.
Weak vs strong artificial intelligence
Authors: Raikov A.N.
Published: May 2020

It is proposed to distinguish between the traditional, so-called, weak, artificial intelligence (AI) and strong artificial intelligence, or artificial general intelligence (AGI). The latter is not considered as the evolutionary stage of the development of AI, but something else related to the construction of an informal and non-causal phenomenological space, as a kind of opposite to AI. AGI is determined by inverse problems solving on topologies, using analogies of quantum physics and optics, connecting aspects of relativistic theory. It is noted that the AGI continual power is tens of orders of magnitude greater than the AI power, however, for its release, special integration of the both, and direct inclusion of human in the process is required. Already, elements of AGI are helping to accelerate the collective creative process many times over.
Modeling information systems
Authors: Romanenko G.S. , Tolchkov A.N. , Chumichkin A.A.
Published: May 2020

The article considers the task of modeling advanced information systems. The work is based on research on the development of a methodological apparatus for substantiating requirements for military-grade information systems. Currently the requirements for advanced information systems are formed in a natural language, the expressive properties of which are not enough for a concise and unambiguous description of them. The developed methodological approach is based on the construction of a complex of models of system with the integrated use of methodologies of functional and object-oriented modeling of the information system and related management processes, as well as the developed notation of user interface modeling. The use of a unified modeling language provides unambiguous interpretation of models by all participants in the process of developing an information system – from the customer to the developer.
PSHA software review based on the Monte Carlo method
Authors: Mironov V.A. , Peretokin S.A. , Simonov K.V.
Published: May 2020

The article is a continuation of the software research to perform probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) as one of the main stages in engineering seismic surveys. The article provides an overview of modern software for PSHA based on the Monte Carlo method, describes in detail the work of foreign programs OpenQuake Engine and EqHaz. A test calculation of seismic hazard was carried out to compare the functionality of domestic and foreign software.
Generalized model of software code`s static analysis based on machine learning for vulnerabilitys search
Authors: Buinevich M.V. , Izrailov K.E.
Published: May 2020

Over the past years, the use of unsafe software, the search for vulnerabilities in which relies on static and dynamic analysis, continues to be the main threat to the infosphere. The manual form of conducting static analysis is extremely time-consuming and requires the involvement of highly qualified, and therefore deficient specialists. An alternative is the automation of the process based on artificial intelligence. This work is aimed at finding solutions for the use of machine learning methods at all stages of the static analysis of program code, for which the formal needs of the stages and the possibilities of the methods are studied and correlated. The main result of the study is a generalized domain model, and private — 14 solutions to the “key” problems of static analysis of program code using machine learning methods.
Incidence and Outcome of Vocal Cord Polyp: An Endoscopic Experience and Perception
Authors: AHM Delwar , NK Chowdhury , MS Rahman , AM Khan , ABMT Hossain
Published: May 2020

Background: Thelarynx is an intricate part of the body which has to perform a very composite function like protection, respiration, phonation. To carry out the function, larynx should be adaptable and flexible. Any structural disorder like vocal cord polyp alter these specialized function and squander the laryngeal pacing, and increasing voice discomfort of the patient like hoarseness, dysphonia, and odynophagia day by day. Phonosurgery is the mainstay of treatment.
Methods: It is a cohort retrospective study of 54 cases in the Department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Comilla Medical College, Bangladesh, from 20 February 2017 to 27 October 2019.
Result: Incidence of vocal cord polyp in laryngeal disorder patient was 6.83%, and the laryngeal operative patient was 28.27%. All patients were treated by micro laryngeal surgery with rigid Hopkin’s laryngeal telescope, and setback was 2 (3.70%). Of them, male were 41(75.92%), females were 13(24.08%), below 20 years were 2(3.70%), 20-50 years 39(72.23%,) and above 50 years 13(24.07%), unilateral was 50(92.59%) and 4(7.41%) were bilateral, smoker was 41(75.92%), nonsmoker 13(24.08%), industrial workers were 21(38.89%), professional voice user was 13(24.07%)
Contribuciones actuales de la Geografía de género y homosexualidad desde el espacio urbano
Authors: Paz Jazmin , Arroyo Lucinda , Frausto Oscar
Published: May 2020

En este artículo se expone una revisión analítica actual de las vitales contribuciones, en especial latinoamericanas y de otros países, en la construcción teórica-investigativa del espacio urbano, con perspectiva de género, específicamente homosexual. Con la finalidad de evidenciar cómo la comunidad gay y hombres habitan interconectadamente espacios y donde producen significados de formas diversas dentro de la ciudad. Y de esta manera contribuir en la comprensión de las formas adyacentes en la conformación de espacios para las prácticas emancipatorias en lo urbano y social, ya que las dinámicas homosexuales y el espacio público, son uno de los componentes sustanciales de la ciudad. Para tal objetivo se llevó a cabo la exploración de libros, artículos científicos e investigaciones a partir de la década de los noventa hasta la actualidad. Donde se logró identificar concepciones teóricas, ejes temáticos, así como problemáticas particulares encontradas en los distintos ámbitos de la investigación. De igual manera, se expresan desafíos pendientes en cuanto al desarrollo de las manifestaciones espaciales de la homosexualidad.
Dzieci Ojczyzny, a Collection of Short Stories by Maria Dąbrowska in 1918, and its Reflection in the Noce i dnie Novel Published in 1932-1934
Authors: Coindre Wilhelm
Published: May 2020

The entire collection of 1918 stories, especially the last one, entitled My, polskie dzieci! [We, the Polish children!], describing the school strike in Kalisz of 1905, opens Maria Dąbrowska’s many years of reflection on what the future Polish independence should be like. Therefore, 1905 is an important moment in her work, and the description of the school strike in Kalisz exists in her output in three versions. When political independence became reality, the writer took the tedious work of writ­ing her great novel, Noce i dnie [Nights and Days] to describe not only the background of the 1918 independence, as she did in her collection published the same year, but also in order to better explore the concept of social independence. The novel is intended to transform the reader from a passive recipient of the political independence into a conscious and active participant of their personal and social independence.
Joseph Conrad’s Independence Journalism and its “Post‑romantic Entanglement”
Authors: Samsel Karol
Published: May 2020

The following study of a small collection of Conrad’s journalism relat­ed to Polish independence distinguishes The Crime of Partition as the final and most mature voicing of the Polish-Romantic, tyrtaean, and balladic intertextuality of Lord Jim’s author. Conrad, however, while referring to Adam Mickiewicz’s Lilie and The Books and the Pilgrim­age of the Polish Nation, does maintain some distance from his allu­sions and reminiscences. Rather, the romanticizing that saturates the sketch integrates the entire argument, and what is more, it also pro­motes intriguing intellectualization: the Polish literary tradition, here reduced to a colorful convention (e.g. frenetic, as in Lilie), released from its “limiting” framework, is a kind of carefully planned, sophisti­cated literary play for Conrad. It can be appreciated by Conrad’s non- Polish reader, uninitiated in the pathos of the Polish problem, the one to whom the writer speaks in particular in this case.
TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM
OF THE SMOLENSK REGION (1917–1922)
Authors: Kupchenko Konstantin , Fedoskin Nikolay
Published: May 2020

The article analyzes the results of the state policy implementation withing the formation and development of the Soviet judicial system on the example of Smolensk Governoral Court. The authors set the goal, based on the analysis of sources not introduced

into a wide scientific circulation, primarily stored at the State Archive of the Smolensk Region to restore the history of the creation and operation of justice institutions in the Smolensk region in the 1918s–1923s. The source base of the study was composed of documents stored at Smolensk State Regional Archive, materials on the history of the judiciary,

statistical materials of the period under the study, documents on the history of the party-state bodies of the Smolensk region.

The article studies current office documentation of both the higher and regional state bodies (Workers 'and Peasants' Government, People's Commissariat of Justice, Smolensk Governoral Executive Committee) and local authorities (Smolensk Council of Working People's Deputies, Executive

Committee of Smolensk Governoral Council of Workers, Peasants' and Red Army Deputies), as well as Smolensk Governoral Court.

The authors analyze the Soviet experience in the formation and development of judicial bodies under specific historical conditions; they consider transformations in the judicial system of the Smolensk Governorate in the 1917s–1922s, as well as the formation of Smolensk Governoral Court. The article studies

legal foundations of the Soviet judicial system formation, characterizes processes of creating a judicial apparatus in the first years of Soviet power and analyzes activities of Smolensk Governoral Court during its formation. The authors reveal the essence, degree of efficiency, concrete results,

political and socio-economic consequences, positive and negative lessons from the Soviet judicial system existed in Russia.

The authors assume that the development of new legislation system in the 1920s was caused by the need to reform legal sources as the main means of socialism building.

The authors conclude that the transformation of the Soviet judicial system completed the transition from the principle of «revolutionary expediency» to the principle of «revolutionary legality».
CONCESSIONS OF THE 1920s – THE FIRST ATTEMPT
TO ESTABLISH ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH THE WEST
Authors: Ilyukhov Alexander
Published: May 2020

The article analyzes the use of concessions to attract foreign capital and technology in an almost complete economic blockade because of the revolution and civil war, as well as the fact that the revolution in other foreign countries has not

occured. The article indicates particular regulations in the procedure for the infusion of foreign concessions into Soviet Russia. In addition, the paper points out how this

process gradually developed, as well as what problems arose for western investors in the course of investing their capital in the country. The author shows particular industries that mostly used foreign capital, names donor countries, and provides statistical data on the number of applications for the opening of concessional filed by foreign investors. The paper provides examples of specific concessions. The author draws attention

to the careful selection of concessionaires, states the principles of concessions’ operation in terms of planned and command economy. The original literature of the 1920s is used in the article. The aticle defines the concessions’ place and

role in the Russian economy. The author points out that the questions arising between the Soviet power

and foreign investors concern price policy and employed workers’ compensation that, however, was not typical of all concessions. Moreover, the article provides statistical data concerning the number of contracts concluded in the main sectors of

the economy and the benefit it brought to the economy, as well as the number of citizens of Soviet Russia involved in the economic activities of foreign concessions.

The author makes a conclusion that the state policy of concessions was a forced measure aimed at improving the state economic development by attracting foreign capital and technology.
CELTIC FRINGES AND CENTRAL POWER IN GREAT BRITAIN:
HISTORY AND MODERNITY
Authors: Yerokhin Vladimir
Published: May 2020

The article deals with history of interrelations between political centre and Celtic fringes of Great Britain in modern and contemporary times. As soon as nationalist movements in Celtic fringes became more active from the mid 1960s, the need appeared to analyze the history of interrelations between central

power and Celtic regions in order to understand causes of Celtic people’s striving for obtaining more rights and even state independence. The article ascertains that attitude of central power to Celtic fringes was complicated by ethno-cultural differences between Englishmen and Celtic people, which resulted in discrimination of Scotland, Wales and Ireland by London's policy towards Celtic regions. Since British industrialization evolved the central power in Great Britain, it created conditions for balanced comprehensive

development of industrial economy only in English counties, whereas Celtic regions were permitted to develop only branches of economic activity which were non-competitive to English business. The level of people’s income in Celtic fringes was always lower than in English parts of Great Britain. There was an

established practice that English business dominated in Celtic regions and determined the economic development of Celtic regions. The English as distinct from Celts had prior opportunities to be engaged on more prestigious and highly paid positions. Celtic population’s devotion to preservation of their culture

and ethno-cultural identity found expression in religious sphere so that Nonconformity and Presbyterianism accordingly dominated among Welshmen and Scotsmen. Political movements in Celtic fringes put forward ethno-cultural demands

rather than social class ones in their activities.

During the first half of the XX century the opposition between Celtic fringes and central power in Great Britain showed that in parliamentary elections Celtic population gave their votes mainly for the members of Labour Party. From the mid-1960s nationalist movements in Celtic fringes became more active. They began to make slogans of political independence. The author of the

article comes to conclusion that interrelations of central power in Great Britain towards Celtic fringes can be adequately described by notions of I. Wallerstein’s world-system analysis and M. Hechter's model of internal colonialism.
A BME Idegen Nyelvi Központ Tolmács- és Fordítóképző Központjának őszi konferenciája
Authors: Szabó Csilla
Published: May 2020

A BME Idegen Nyelvi Központ Tolmács- és Fordítóképző Központjának őszi konferenciája

(Budapest, BME INYK, 2019. szeptember 27.)
ENGLISH DICTIONARY APPS: THE FEATURES AND BENEFITS
Authors: Yurko N. , Styfanyshyn I. , Protsenko U. , Romanchuk O.
Published: May 2020

Vast English vocabulary is a key to natural conversation and effective multinational interaction. A wide variety of modern tools are designed to develop our communication skills, with dictionary applications being among the most helpful and universal means of expanding the English vocabulary. Considering the current need for a fast access to the meaning of unknown foreign words, the research is examines the main features and benefits of English dictionary apps. Being an invaluable learning tool, proper use of dictionary apps can make a unique contribution to the communication skills of English language learners.
Multivaluedness in Networks: Theory
Authors: van Wyk Anton
Published: May 2020

This brief note reports the fundamental phenomenon of implicit multivaluedness exhibited from one output to the other of two node-systems with a common input—referred to as counter-cascaded1 systems—under the appropriate conditions. The novel concepts of immanence and transcendence are introduced upon which the formulation and prove of a necessary and sufﬁcient condition for multivaluedness are based; this is the main result of this note. Next, subsequent consequences of this result are presented. Among these is the fact that this result also holds for cascaded generalized systems.

The novel application of structural complexity reduction in directed networks presented next, demonstrates the utility of multivaluedness and is itself a contribution to the theory of signals and systems.

The signiﬁcance of the work presented here is that it contributes toward the theory of systems and networks as well as toward the arsenal of tools for studying networks.