bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Long 3′UTR mRNA ofCaMKIIIs Essential for Translation-Dependent Plasticity of Spontaneous Release inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kuklin Elena A. , Alkins Stephen , Bakthavachalu Baskar , Genco Maria C. , Sudhakaran Indulekha , Raghavan K. Vijay , Ramaswami Mani , Griffith Leslie C.
Published: September 2017

A null mutation of theDrosophila calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIgene (CaMKII) was generated using homologous recombination. Null animals survive to larval and pupal stages due to a large maternal contribution ofCaMKIImRNA, which consists of a short 3′-untranslated region (UTR) form lacking regulatory elements that guide local translation. The selective loss of the long 3′UTR mRNA inCaMKII-null larvae allows us to test its role in plasticity. Development and evoked function of the larval neuromuscular junction are surprisingly normal, but the resting rate of miniature excitatory junctional potentials (mEJPs) is significantly lower inCaMKIImutants. Mutants also lack the ability to increase mEJP rate in response to spaced depolarization, a type of activity-dependent plasticity shown to require both transcription and translation. Consistent with this, overexpression of miR-289 in wild-type animals blocks plasticity of spontaneous release. In addition to the defects in regulation of mEJP rate, CaMKII protein is largely lost from synapses in the mutant. All phenotypes are non–sex-specific and rescued by a fosmid containing the entire wild-typeCaMKIIlocus, but only viability and CaMKII localization are rescued by genomic fosmids lacking the long 3′UTR. This suggests that synaptic CaMKII accumulates by two distinct mechanisms: local synthesis requiring the long 3′UTR form ofCaMKIImRNA and a process that requires zygotic transcription ofCaMKIImRNA. The origin of synaptic CaMKII also dictates its functionality. Locally translated CaMKII has a privileged role in regulation of spontaneous release, which cannot be fulfilled by synaptic CaMKII from the other pool.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAs a regulator of synaptic development and plasticity, CaMKII has important roles in both normal and pathological function of the nervous system.CaMKIIshows high conservation betweenDrosophilaand humans, underscoring the usefulness ofDrosophilain modeling its function.Drosophila CaMKII-null mutants remain viable throughout development, enabling morphological and electrophysiological characterization. Although the structure of the synapse is normal, maternally contributed CaMKII does not localize to synapses. Zygotic production ofCaMKIImRNA with a long 3′-untranslated region is necessary for modulating spontaneous neurotransmission in an activity-dependent manner, but not for viability. These data argue that regulation of CaMKII localization and levels by local transcriptional processes is conserved. This is the first demonstration of distinct functions forDrosophila CaMKIImRNA variants.
A theory that predicts behaviors of disordered cytoskeletal networks
Authors: Belmonte Julio M , Leptin Maria , Nédélec François
Published: September 2017

Morphogenesis in animal tissues is largely driven by actomyosin networks, through tensions generated by an active contractile process. Although the network components and their properties are known, and networks can be reconstituted in vitro, the requirements for contractility are still poorly understood. Here, we describe a theory that predicts whether an isotropic network will contract, expand, or conserve its dimensions. This analytical theory correctly predicts the behavior of simulated networks, consisting of filaments with varying combinations of connectors, and reveals conditions under which networks of rigid filaments are either contractile or expansile. Our results suggest that pulsatility is an intrinsic behavior of contractile networks if the filaments are not stable but turn over. The theory offers a unifying framework to think about mechanisms of contractions or expansion. It provides the foundation for studying a broad range of processes involving cytoskeletal networks and a basis for designing synthetic networks.
Negación enfática y gramaticalización en asturiano: estructuras con "na"
Authors: San Segundo Cachero Rosabel
Published: September 2017

La forma reducida del indefinido negativo nada, na, genera en asturiano un patrón nun_V_na de negación enfática en el que la partícula na pierde su contenido cuantitativo y, como consecuencia de un proceso de gramaticalización, se comporta como un intensificador de la negación oracional. Este fenómeno de microvariación sintáctica ha sido registrado en la zona centro-sur de Asturias, donde coexisten estructuras ambiguas en las que na puede expresar cantidad o negación con otras en la que únicamente es posible interpretar esta unidad como un marcador negativo postverbal de carácter enfático (interpolación en perífrasis verbales y compatibilidad con ODs negativos).
Marcadores discursivos y prosodia: parámetros acústicos y especialización de partículas atenuantes en español
Authors: Hidalgo Navarro Antonio
Published: September 2017

Algunos estudios recientes (Briz & Hidalgo 2008; Cepeda 1999; Dorta & Domínguez 2004; Hidalgo 2010; Martín Butragueño 2003; Martínez Hernández 2015; Romera & Elordieta 2002, entre otros) coinciden en la idea de que la realización prosódica de ciertos marcadores discursivos puede ser determinante para su interpretación precisa en contexto: en la mente de los especialistas ha acabado calando, pues, la importancia de lo prosódico como factor decisivo para explicar la riqueza funcional de los marcadores. No extraña en este sentido que el DPDE (Diccionario de Partículas Discursivas del español: http://www.dpde.es/) incluya entre sus elementos descriptivos un apartado específico dedicado a la prosodia. Dentro de en este ámbito, la presente investigación se propone explicar la versatilidad funcional de algunos marcadores conversacionales a partir de las matizaciones prosódicas que puedan recibir contextualmente para la expresión de atenuación pragmática. En concreto, nuestro objetivo es describir la disposición acústica de los marcadores bueno, hombre, ¿eh? y vamos cuando expresan valores de atenuación. Para desarrollar nuestro estudio partimos de un corpus conversacional (Briz & Grupo Val.Es.Co. 2002), sobre el que aplicaremos un protocolo específico de análisis fonoprosódico. Las conclusiones a que llegamos apuntan vías favorables, tanto teóricas como metodológicas, para continuar esta línea de investigación.
La familia en la conceptualización del mundo: nombres de parentesco y variación geoléxica
Authors: Julià Luna Carolina
Published: September 2017

El objetivo de la presente investigación es el estudio de la motivación y los procedimientos cognitivos que subyacen al uso de nombres de parentesco para designar realidades ajenas al campo semántico de la familia como los animales, las plantas y el cuerpo humano. En la última parte del trabajo se dedica un análisis más detallado al dominio léxico-semántico del cuerpo humano porque es el que se ha investigado con menor profundidad. Para ello, se parte de los datos que albergan los atlas lingüísticos regionales de la Península Ibérica para el español, el catalán y el gallego.
La vibrante en el País vasco: adquisición fonológica y caracterización acústica desde el español y desde el euskera
Authors: Romero Andonegi Asier
Published: September 2017

En este trabajo se analizado el desarrollo fonológico bilingüe vasco-español en relación con la adquisición de las vibrantes. El estudio de 16 niños bilingües vasco-español de entre 2;7 y 7;4 años, utilizando una metodología transversal, indica que en la adquisición fonológica del español y del vasco parece existir un menor dominio de las vibrantes en comparación con otras series. A su vez, se comprobó el comportamiento de las variables sociolingüísticas sexo y L1, las cuales no produjeron diferencias significativas. Además, se ha descrito y evaluado el desarrollo fonológico de estas dos consonantes para su implementación didáctica en ejercicios de estimulación oral en la etapa de Educación Infantil.
O alumnado galego ante as variedades dialectais propias e alleas
Authors: Iglesias Álvarez Ana María , Formoso Gosende Valentina , Rial Aparicio Ana
Published: September 2017

Presentamos neste artigo parte dos resultados dunha investigación realizada coa técnica do grupo de discusión entre o alumnado do último curso de secundaria de diferentes puntos de Galicia. A análise do discurso do alumnado centrámola nesta ocasión arredor da variación diatópica, desde o nivel de coñecemento ata a valoración da diversidade que o alumnado desta idade posúe, tanto sobre o castelán coma sobre o galego. Nesta última lingua puxemos o foco para analizar máis polo miúdo a forma en que o estudantado galegofalante denominaba e valoraba o seu xeito de falar, aspecto que nos levou a afondar na cuestión do castrapo.
Los atlas lingüísticos como fuente para estudios de sintaxis dialectal: el caso del Atles Lingüístic del Domini Català (ALDC)
Authors: Massanell i Messalles Mar
Published: September 2017

El Atlas Lingüístic del Domini Català es una obra geolingüística que ha dado muy buenos frutos en el estudio de la variación fonética y léxica. En este artículo, nos acercamos a sus materiales con el interés de conseguir datos para el estudio de la variación sintáctica, a pesar de ser conscientes de que no es este el propósito para el cual fue diseñado. Partiendo de trece de sus preguntas, algunas de ellas aun inéditas, mostramos que es posible obtener datos muy interesantes sobre variación dialectal en tres cuestiones de relevancia sintáctica: la selección del auxiliar, la concordancia del participio pasado y algunas propiedades de las construcciones inacusativas. No obstante, la consulta de estudios filológicos y lingüísticos sobre estos temas hace prever que se podría llegar a un grado superior de precisión, tanto en la definición de los fenómenos sintácticos como en su distribución dialectal, si se llevaran a cabo nuevas campañas de recogida de datos planificadas específicamente para este fin. En concreto, por lo que respecta a la selección del auxiliar ésser (ser) o haver (haber) en los tiempos de perfecto, sería posible explorar: (a) el alcance del mantenimiento de ésser en alguerés según la jerarquía de selección del auxiliar de Sorace, (b) la formación en rosellonés de un sistema propio de selección basado en la persona verbal y no en el tipo de verbo, y (c) la aparición en mallorquín de construcciones mixtas en las que haver ha substituido ésser sin que ello haya comportado la pérdida de la concordancia entre el participio y el sujeto. Asimismo, en cuanto a la concordancia del participio y el CD en construcciones con haver, se podría establecer una gradación dialectal, con el norte-occidental en el extremo de mínima concordancia y el mallorquín en el de máxima, basada en una jerarquía de los distintos tipos de CD preverbales, según que estos sean sintagmas plenos, pronombres relativos o pronombres clíticos y, en este último caso, según la persona, el género y el número. Finalmente, en lo referente a las propiedades de las construcciones inacusativas, la falta de concordancia en número entre el verbo y el SN pospuesto indefinido –característica que opone el catalán norte-occidental al resto de dialectos catalanes– se podría relacionar con la clara preponderancia de la posposición del SN definido de las construcciones inacusativas en este mismo dialecto.
Ethanol Stimulates Locomotion via a Gαs-Signaling Pathway in IL2 Neurons inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Johnson James R , Edwards Mark R , Davies Huw , Newman Daniel , Holden Whitney , Jenkins Rosalind E , Burgoyne Robert D , Lucas Robert J , Barclay Jeff W
Published: September 2017

Alcohol abuse is among the top causes of preventable death, generating considerable financial, health, and societal burdens. Paradoxically, alcohol...

Alcohol is a potent pharmacological agent when consumed acutely at sufficient quantities and repeated overuse can lead to addiction and deleterious effects on health. Alcohol is thought to modulate neuronal function through low-affinity interactions with proteins, in particular with membrane channels and receptors. Paradoxically, alcohol acts as both a stimulant and a sedative. The exact molecular mechanisms for the acute effects of ethanol on neurons, as either a stimulant or a sedative, however remain unclear. We investigated the role that the heat shock transcription factor HSF-1 played in determining a stimulatory phenotype of Caenorhabditis elegans in response to physiologically relevant concentrations of ethanol (17 mM; 0.1% v/v). Using genetic techniques, we demonstrate that either RNA interference of hsf-1 or use of an hsf-1(sy441) mutant lacked the enhancement of locomotion in response to acute ethanol exposure evident in wild-type animals. We identify that the requirement for HSF-1 in this phenotype was IL2 neuron-specific and required the downstream expression of the α-crystallin ortholog HSP-16.48. Using a combination of pharmacology, optogenetics, and phenotypic analyses we determine that ethanol activates a Gαs-cAMP-protein kinase A signaling pathway in IL2 neurons to stimulate nematode locomotion. We further implicate the phosphorylation of a specific serine residue (Ser322) on the synaptic protein UNC-18 as an end point for the Gαs-dependent signaling pathway. These findings establish and characterize a distinct neurosensory cell signaling pathway that determines the stimulatory action of ethanol and identifies HSP-16.48 and HSF-1 as novel regulators of this pathway.
AdmixPower: Statistical Power and Sample Size Estimation for Mapping Genetic Loci in Admixed Populations
Authors: Gautam Yadu , Altaye Mekibib , Xie Changchun , Mersha Tesfaye B
Published: September 2017

Admixed populations result from recent admixture of two or more ancestral populations with divergent allele frequencies. The genome of each admixed individual is a mosaic of haplotypes inherited from the ancestral populations. Despite the substantial work to assess power and sample size requirements for association mapping in genetically homogeneous populations of European ancestry, power and sample size estimation methods for mapping genes in genetically heterogeneous admixed populations such as African Americans are lacking. Admixture mapping is a method that traces the ancestral origin of disease-susceptibility genetic loci in the admixed population. We developed AdmixPower, a freely available tool set based on the open-source R software, to perform power and sample size analysis for genetically heterogeneous admixed populations considering continuous or dichotomous outcomes with a case-only or case-control study design. AdmixPower can be used to compute the sample size required to achieve investigator-specified statistical power under several key parameters including ancestry odds ratio, genotype risk ratio, parental risk ratio, an underlying genetic risk model, trait type, and admixture model (hybrid-isolation or continuous gene flow model). We demonstrate that differences in the key parameters in the admixed population results in substantial differences in the sample size required to achieve adequate power in admixture mapping studies. Our tool provides a resource for researchers to develop a strategy to minimize cost and maximize the success of identifying disease-susceptibility loci in an admixed population. R code used in the sample size and power analysis is freely available from https://research.cchmc.org/mershalab/Tools.html.
Assessment of orthodontic treatment need among tribal children of Indore division, Central India
Authors: Muralidharan Shrikanth , Chauhan Astha , Gowda Srinivasa , Ambekar Rutuja , Rathore Bhupendra S. , Chabra Sakshi , Lalani Afsheen , Harani Harsh
Published: September 2017

Introduction. India is home to many tribes which have an interesting and varied history of origins, customs and social practices. Oral health care in tribal areas is limited due to shortage of dental manpower, financial constraints and the lack of perceived need for dental care among tribal masses.Objective To assess orthodontic treatment need among tribal children of Indore division, Central India.Methods. A cross-sectional house to house survey was carried out among 800 tribal children aged 5 to 15 years old in two major tribal districts of Indore division. Permissions and consent were obtained from local administrative authorities, ethical committee and parents respectively. A structured proforma was used to record demographic data. Examination for dentofacial anomalies was conducted according to WHO 1997 survey methods. Descriptive tables and analytical tests like ANOVA, post-hoc and chi-square test were employed.Results. The mean age was 9.75(±2.43) years. The mean DAI score among 12 to 15 years old children was 23.19±5.22. Female exhibited higher (24.51±5.34) mean DAI score compared to males (22.12±4.87) (p<0.05). The Patelia tribes (24.38±5.13) reported higher mean DAI score than Bhilala (23.02±5.69) and Bhil tribe (22.73±4.79) (p<0.005).Conclusion. The tribal children had minor malocclusion with no or slight treatment need. Categorization of orthodontic treatment need according to malocclusion severity is particularly important for the planning of corresponding public policies. The isolation of the villages, lack of transportation options imposes limitations on the availability of health professionals to provide dental services.
PLONOS KAPITALIZACIJOS TAISYKLĖ: TEORINIO VERTINIMO IR MOKESTINIŲ GINČŲ PRAKTIKOS SANKIRTA
Authors: Endrijaitis Martynas
Published: September 2017

Straipsnyje atskleidžiama plonos kapitalizacijos taisyklės samprata, koncepcijos, tendencijos, taikymo mokestinius ginčus nagrinėjančių institucijų praktikoje aiškinimas bei šios praktikos ir teorinio vertinimo santykio problematika.
Development of a multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica and Trueperella pyogenes
Authors: Zhang Wenlong , Liu Xiaodan , Liu Mengcheng , Ma Bo , Xu Li , Wang Junwei
Published: September 2017

Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica and Trueperella pyogenes are three bacterial pathogens closely associated with the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). In the current study, a multiplex PCR for the simultaneous detection of these three bacteria in cultures was established. After serial optimisation, the detection limit of the method for the genomic DNA of the three bacteria was 40 pg/μl. The method could detect the genomic DNA of these three bacteria but not the genomic DNA of seven other bacterial strains. Together with the bacterial enrichment technology, the multiplex PCR could be used for detecting the three bacteria in animal tissues. This method might be valuable for speeding up laboratory diagnosis and directing the treatment of BRDC to these three bacterial pathogens.
Response of cultured normal canine mammary epithelial cells to deracoxib—doxorubicin combination
Authors: Bakirel Tulay , Ustun Alkan Fulya , Ustuner Oya , Çinar Suzan , Anlas Ceren , Bilge Sari Ataman
Published: September 2017

Currently, there is a growing interest in combining anticancer drugs with the aim to improve outcome in patients suffering from tumours and reduce the long-term toxicity associated with the current standard of treatment. In this study, we evaluated the possible role of deracoxib against the toxicity of doxorubicin on normal canine mammary epithelial cells. The effect of deracoxib and doxorubicin combination on cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Apoptosis was characterised by flow cytometry. Cell nitrite concentrations were measured with the Griess reaction. Deracoxib (50 and 100 μM) treatment decreased the cytotoxic action of doxorubicin at 0.9 μM in the cells, from 33.63% to 13.4% and 25.82%, respectively. Our results also showed that the reverse effect of deracoxib on doxorubicin-induced cytotoxic activity in the cells was associated with a marked (3.04- to 3.57-fold) decrease in apoptosis. In additional studies identifying the mechanism of the observed effect, deracoxib exhibited an activity to prevent doxorubicin-mediated overproduction of nitric oxide in the cells. Our in vitro study results indicate that deracoxib (50 and 100 μM) can be beneficial in protecting normal cells from the toxic effect of doxorubicin in conjunction with apoptosis by the modulation of nitric oxide production.
Evaluation of arginase activity, nitric oxide and oxidative stress status in sheep with contagious agalactia
Authors: Hanedan Basak , Kirbas Akin , Kandemir Fatih Mehmet , Aktas Mustafa Sinan , Yildiz Ahmet
Published: September 2017

It is known that inflammatory organ damages due to various agents, such as microorganisms including mycoplasmas, lead to oxidative stress. Nitric oxide (NO) functions as an antimicrobial agent, and arginase decreases proinflammatory cytokine release. There are very few studies on arginase activity, NO level and oxidative stress status in mycoplasmal infections. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate erythrocyte arginase activity, plasma NO level and oxidative stress status in sheep with contagious agalactia. The study material consisted of 10 healthy sheep and 14 sheep with contagious agalactia characterised by mastitis, arthritis and keratoconjunctivitis. Erythrocyte arginase activity, plasma NO, malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant capacity (TOC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were measured. Significant decreases in erythrocyte arginase activity and plasma TAC level (P < 0.001), and significant increases in plasma NO, MDA and TOC levels (P < 0.001) were found in the diseased sheep as compared with the healthy animals. This study suggests that contagious agalactia may cause oxidative stress due to increased plasma MDA and TOC levels and decreased plasma TAC levels, and that the decrease in erythrocyte arginase activity and increase in plasma NO level may contribute to the elimination of mycoplasmal agents causing contagious agalactia.
Distinct expression profile and histological distribution of NLRP3 inflammasome components in the tissues of Hainan black goat suggest a site-specific role in the inflammatory response
Authors: Zhang Kaizhao , Tao Pan , Liu Jianxin , Wang Qingnan , Ge Shikun , Ning Zhangyong
Published: September 2017

The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome comprised of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 plays an important role in the inflammatory and innate immune response. However, little is known about the expression pattern and histological distribution of these genes in goat. Here, we first cloned the fulllength cDNAs of the NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 genes of Hainan black goat and produced their polyclonal antibodies. Tissue-specific expression and histological distribution of these genes were analysed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these three goat genes had high homology with Bos taurus genes and low homology with avian or fish genes. After immunisations with these recombinant Histagged proteins, the titres of antiserum were higher than 1:1024 and purified IgG was obtained. These three genes were expressed in all examined tissues, the mRNA expression level of NLRP3 and caspase-1 was most abundant in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), while ASC was primary expressed in the liver, spleen and kidney. The histological distribution of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 was detected in myocardial cells, hepatocytes, focal lymphocytes, bronchiolar epithelial cells, renal tubular epithelial cells, cortical neurons and endothelial cells of the germinal centres in the MLNs. These results will be helpful in further investigations into the function of the NLRP3 inflammasome and in elucidating its role in caprine inflammatory diseases.
Effects of arginine and trehalose on post-thawed bovine sperm quality
Authors: Öztürk Caner , Güngör Şükrü , Ataman Mehmet Bozkurt , Bucak Mustafa Numan , Başpinar Nuri , Ili Pınar , Inanç Muhammed Enes
Published: September 2017

The present study was conducted to examine the protective role of arginine and trehalose on post-thaw bull sperm and oxidative stress parameters. Five ejaculates for each bull were used in the study. Each ejaculate, split into three equal aliquots and diluted at 37 °C with base extenders containing 2 mM arginine, 25 mM trehalose and no antioxidant (control) was cooled to 5 °C and then frozen. Frozen straws were thawed in a water bath for evaluation. Supplementation of the semen extender with arginine decreased the percentages of post-thawed subjective motility (29 ± 8.21%), CASA motility (12.2 ± 5.69%) and progressive motility (3.52 ± 2.13%), compared with the controls (43 ± 2.73%, 55.4 ± 6.78% and 33.48 ± 4.14%, respectively, P < 0.05). Supplementation of the semen extender with trehalose produced a higher mitochondrial activity and sperm viability (36.3 ± 3.99% and 44.1 ± 2.18%) compared with the control (13 ± 8.15 and 31.7 ± 3.94%, respectively, P < 0.05). It was established that trehalose (95.1%) and arginine (92.8%) protect DNA integrity compared to the control (90.4%) (P < 0.05). Trehalose supplementation in semen extenders provided great benefit in terms of viability, mitochondrial activity, and intact sperm DNA on frozen-thawed bull sperm.
Effects of deslorelin acetate on plasma testosterone concentrations in captive yellow-bellied sliders (Trachemys scripta sp.)
Authors: Potier Romain , Monge Emma , Loucachevsky Tatiana , Hermes Robert , Göritz Frank , Rochel Daphné , Risi Emmanuel
Published: September 2017

In Europe, the yellow-bellied slider (Trachemys scripta sp.) is a non-native species in competition with native freshwater turtles. Research on contraception could be useful to control the captive population. Identifying a method of contraception in chelonians would potentially help to control aggression in other chelonian species. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of a single 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implant on plasma testosterone concentrations in yellow-bellied sliders (Trachemys scripta sp.). Eleven adult male yellow-bellied sliders were used for the study. Males from the treatment group (n = 6) received a 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implant, whereas males from the control group (n = 5) did not receive any treatment. All individuals were housed under the same environmental conditions. Testosterone plasma concentrations of the control group and the treatment group were measured at six time points (T0–T6) between April and September. No difference between the control group and the deslorelin treatment group was observed at T0, T2, T3, T4, T5 or T6. However, mean plasma testosterone concentration was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group at T1. This suggests that treatment with a 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implant has a transient stimulatory effect on the anterior pituitary in yellowbellied sliders without a negative feedback on testosterone production. Further studies with a higher dosage of deslorelin acetate are needed to draw conclusions on its contraceptive effect.
TEKNIK PEMBUATAN PAKAN, PEMELIHARAAN INDUK, DAN PEMIJAHAN IKAN NILEM (Osteochilus hasselti) Aditiya Nugraha dan Hendra
Authors: Nugraha Aditiya , Hendra Hendra
Published: September 2017

Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah mendapatkan teknik pembuatan pakan, pemeliharaan induk, dan pemijahan ikan nilem yang dipelihara dalam hatcheri Instalasi Penelitian Cibalagung, BPPBAT pada tahun 2016. Nilem (Osteochilus hasselti) merupakan ikan lokal yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis dan sudah berhasil dipijahkan secara alami dan atau buatan, namun belum diketahui pakan induknya. Alat yang digunakan adalah mesin pencetak pelet, bak fiber bulat volumer 2 m3, aerator, alat suntik, kain handuk, dan ember. Bahan yang digunakan bahan baku pakan, formulasi pakan (40% protein), induk ikan nilem, hormon ovaprim, obat bius, dan akuabides. Prosedur pembuatan pakan adalah penepungan, penimbangan bahan baku sesuai formula, pencampuran, pencetakan pakan, pengeringan, dan penyimpanan. Sebanyak tujuh ekor induk nilem ditimbang, dan ditebar dalam bak fiber dan diberi pakan sekenyangnya pada pagi, siang, dan sore hari selama 20 hari. Prosedur pemijahan ikan adalah memeriksa kematangan gonad dengan kateter, bila matang gonad, dibius, ditimbang, dan disuntik hormon ovaprim 0,5 cc per kg ikan, dikeluarkan telur, ditimbang, dihitung jumlah telur, tingkat pembuahan, dan penetasan, lama penetasan, serta dihitung SAI. Semua induk matang gonad dan berhasil memijah. Sekitar 95% telur dibuahi dan menetas sebanyak 90% dalam waktu 20 jam. Jumlah telur per induk sekitar 19.000 butir. SAI ikan lebih dari 10 hari.
Mode shape analysis of multiple cracked functionally graded beam-like structures by using dynamic stiffness method
Authors: Lien Tran Van , Duc Ngo Trong , Khiem Nguyen Tien
Published: September 2017

Mode shapes of multiple cracked beam-like structures made of Functionally Graded Material (FGM) are analyzed by using the dynamic stiffness method. Governing equations in vibration theory of multiple cracked FGM beam are derived on the base of Timoshenko beam theory; power law variation of material; coupled spring model of crack and taking into account the actual position of neutral axis. A general solution of vibration in frequency domain is obtained and used for constructing dynamic stiffness matrix of the multiple cracked FGM Timoshenko beam element that provides an efficient method for modal analysis of multiple cracked FGM frame structures. The theoretical development is illustrated by numerical analysis of crack-induced change in mode shapes of multi-span continuous FGM beam.
A cell-based smoothed three-node plate finite element with a bubble node for static analyses of both thin and thick plates
Authors: Thanh Chau Dinh , Tuyen Vo Ngoc , Phuc Nguyen Hoang
Published: September 2017

This paper develops the cell-based (CS) smoothed finite element method for a three-node plate finite element with a bubble node at the centroid of the element. Based on the first-order shear deformation theory, the in-plane strains are smoothed on three non-overlapped subdomains of the element to transform the numerical integration of the element stiffness matrix from the surfaces into the lines of the subdomains. The shear-locking phenomenon, which occurs when the plate's thickness becomes small, is removed by employing the mixed interpolation of tensorial components (MITC). The present element, namely CS-MITC3+, passes the patch test and behaves independently from the sequence of node numbers of the element. Numerical results given by the CS-MITC3+ elements are better than the MITC3+ elements. As compared to other smoothed three-node plate finite elements, the CS-MITC3+ is a good competitor.
Vibrations of fractional half- and single-degree of freedom systems
Authors: Ciaschetti Valentina , Elishakoff Isaac , Marzani Alessandro
Published: September 2017

In this paper we study vibrations of fractional oscillators by two methods: the triangular strip matrix approach, based on the Grunwald-Letnikov discretization of the fractional term, and the state variable analysis, which is suitable for systems with fractional derivatives of rational order. Some examples are solved in order to compare the two approaches and to conduct comparison with benchmark problems.
Expansive soil stabilised by calcium carbide residue–fly ash columns
Authors: Darikandeh Farahnaz
Published: September 2017

The volumetric changes in expansive soils due to variations of seasonal moisture are the cause of many problems in structures. This paper reports laboratory oedometer test results performed on expansive soil stabilised by calcium carbide residue–fly ash (CCR–FA) columns with different percentages of CCR and FA, on seven columns of different orientations and diameters. A significant reduction in the swell potential and swell pressure was observed, 62% (CCR:FA = 20:80) and 68% (CCR:FA = 20:80), respectively. The influence of the binder content on the properties of the treated soil was interpreted by means of particle size distribution, mercury intrusion porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analyses. Soil parameters such as particle size, pore size, soil texture and amount of montmorillonite underwent a considerable change that can be attributed to the migration of the binder along with water to the surrounding soil columns. Soil strength development will be fundamental for further study.
The Topography of the Subject Field of Christian Psychology
Authors: Vasilyuk F.E.
Published: September 2017

The task of constitutionalization of Christian psychology as a specific discipline pre- sumes methodological enumeration of its population: scientific, educational and practice-oriented projects. Current article presents a tryout of a tool, that allows to to- pographically link each project to certain coordinates on a map of Christian psychology subject field. Analyses revealed uncommon qualities of such a map. The main of these qualities is a topological plasticity, a capacity to adaptively change the metric of zones and fields in order to insert specific project unaltered. Such a procedure allows to describe an individual “methodological profile” of a project. The technology of analyses tested in current work opens up an opportunity for methodological arrange- ment of the subject-thematical field of Christian psychology, which is a necessary condition for its constitutionalization and entering a “critical” phase of its development.
Addressing Spiritual and Religious Coping in Psychotherapy An Overview of the Western Studies
Authors: Shankov F.M.
Published: September 2017

Spiritual and religious beliefs and practices contain an enormous therapeutic potential, which is shown by research held in the West. What prevents therapists from addressing this sphere with their clients? What are the barriers, strategies and conditions of integrating spiritual into psychotherapy? The scientific and empirical foundation of research analyzed in current paper gives an example ofan alternative to unproductive discussions on an abstract level in ideological-confrontational style on the evidence based and scientific level. The positive and negative side of such instrumental and behavioristic approach to spirituality is outlined. A task of generating a whole and methodologically funded model of the process of spiritual coping is beingraised.
Characterization Microencapsul Pepton from Spoiled By Catch Fish Using Spray Drying Methods
Authors: Barokah Giri Rohmad , Ibrahim Bustami , Nurhayati Tati
Published: September 2017

Spoiled by catch fish is one of catch produce that have low economic value. Utilization and how to increase the selling value of byproducts by making peptone. Peptone fish is a derivative product or derivative of a water-soluble protein hydrolyzate and does not undergo any coagulation process in hot water. This research aim is to produce peptone with spoiled by catch fish as raw materials using microencapsulation technique and maltodextrin as coating ingredients. Microencapsulate of peptone has a chemical composition with moisture content 8.95%, ash content 5.26%, protein content 62.79%, Fat content 0.44% and carbohydrate content 21.48%. The chemical characteristic peptone by-catch rotten fish indicate that product has solubility 98.87%, nitrogen total 10.05%, α amino nitrogen 1.22%, AN/TN 12.14%, salt content 8.04% and pH  6.69. Microencapsulate peptone has a physical characteristic with lightness value 60.01, whiteness value 57.44 and dominated red color value 1.70 and yellow color value 10.33. The water activity of microencapsulating spoiled by catch fish peptone at room temperature of storage after 5 hours was lower than peptone spoiled by catch fish without micro encapsulation and product of commercial peptone. Amino acid analysis results indicate that microencapsulate spoiled by catch fish peptone arginine, serine, tyrosine,
histidine and threonine amino acids higher than peptone spoiled by catch fish without microencapsulation and commercial product of peptone. Microorganism growth curve with Optical Density (OD). That indicates
microencapsulate spoiled by catch fish peptone has bacterial growth curve more good than a commercial product of peptone and peptone spoiled by catch fish without micro encapsulation.
NÍVEIS DE RUÍDO EMITIDOS POR TRATORES AGRÍCOLAS
Authors: Baesso M. M. , Modolo A. J. , Baesso R. C. E. , Fischer C.
Published: September 2017

A exposição do operador ao ruído emitido pelos tratores agrícolas pode ser prejudicial à saúde. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os níveis de ruído emitidos por tratores agrícolas de diferentes marcas, potências e ano de fabricação, comparando-se os resultados com as normas vigentes no Brasil. O trabalho, realizado com 22 tratores, foi desenvolvido em propriedades rurais localizadas no município de Pirassununga, SP, e na Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), situada no município de Pirassununga, em área cedida pela Prefeitura Administrativa do Campus USP Fernando Costa de Pirassununga. Os níveis de ruído foram determinados por um medidor de pressão sonora digital, marca ICEL, modelo DL-4020. O Decibelímetro foi ajustado para medir os resultados expressos em dB (A) nos circuitos de resposta lenta. Observou-se nível de ruído acima do máximo permitido para uma jornada de trabalho de 8 horas em todos os tratores estudados.
AVALIAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA DA ÁGUA CONSUMIDA POR UMA POPULAÇÃO RURAL DE ILHA SOLTEIRA – SÃO PAULO
Authors: Fialho J. M. , Leite M. A. , Pião A. C. S. , Dornfeld C. B. , Alves Prado H. F.
Published: September 2017

A qualidade da água em áreas rurais é de difícil conhecimento, uma vez que a distribuição não ocorre igualmente em todos os lugares, o que implica na dificuldade das análises individuais. Dessa forma, a água para consumo humano de dezoito lotes rurais em Ilha Solteira foi avaliada em relação a alguns parâmetros físicos e químicos e, em especialmente, aos Coliformes Totais e Termotolerantes (Escherichia coli - E. c) entre janeiro e setembro de 2015, sendo esta água oriunda do sistema de abastecimento municipal ou de poços. Os parâmetros foram comparados com os estabelecidos como aceitáveis por meio da Portaria nº 2.914 do Ministério da Saúde, órgão este que estabelece os padrões de potabilidade da água para o consumo humano. Os valores de coliformes totais oscilaram entre 3 a 240 NMP/100 mL e foram detectados em todos os lotes. Os coliformes termotolerantes foram identificados em 39% dos lotes e os resultados variaram entre 3 a 23 NMP/100 mL, sendo que a bactéria E. c Enteroinvasora (EIEC) foi confirmada nos mesmos locais. A turbidez variou entre 0 a 16,0 UT; o pH entre 5,1 a 8,6 e a condutividade elétrica (C.E) entre 19,7 a 303,0 µS.cm-1. Pelos resultados apresentados, constatou-se que 100% da água para consumo humano em parte da área rural de Ilha Solteira não atende os padrões de potabilidade.
Evidence based medical use of aloe vera extracts, short review of literature
Authors: Samarh Samer N. , Khalaf Najm A. , Hajhamad Mohammed M.
Published: September 2017

The use of aloe vera is being promoted for a large variety of conditions. The aim of this review was to summarize all available research papers on aloe vera preparations with a view to providing evidence for or against its clinical effectiveness. Independent literature searches were conducted in PubMed. All studies of controlled clinical trials, observational studies and case series were included. There were no restrictions on the language of publication. All studies were read by all authors and data were extracted in a standardized, pre-defined manner. Even though there are some promising results, clinical effectiveness of oral or topical aloe vera is not sufficiently defined at present.
Weight awareness among parents and health care providers in Sharjah, UAE
Authors: Abdelreheim Naguib M. , Ramadan Ali Nehad G. , Vamegh Motahareh H. , Dejan Efaf A. , Swilem Mamdouh , Ahmed Manzoor
Published: September 2017

Background: This study looks at weight perception among parents and health care providers in Sharjah, UAE.Methods: This study was done through reviewing 1000 patients files who visited the paediatric OPD in university hospital Sharjah (UHS) during 2015. The files were reviewed for the cause of the visit, the diagnosis of weight status and weight counselling.Results: 18% of study patients were either overweight or obese. In children with abnormal weight status, the cause of the visits was weight related in 3.3% of patients, while it was due to weight unrelated causes in 96.7%. Weight counselling in obese individuals were reported in 35.5% of obese patients. While in overweight group, weight counselling was found in 5% of the patients and in patients with normal BMI, counselling was done in 0.2% of patients.Conclusions: This study shows clear defects in weight awareness and perception in parents and health care providers. Most parents are either not aware about the weight status of their kids or they don’t consider overweight or obesity as medical issues that require medical advice. The very low percentage of specific weight counselling shows weight counselling is not practiced if these patients are evaluated for other complaints. Weight misperception among parents and health care providers can be genuine barriers for prevention of childhood obesity.
Patients’ adherence to antimalarial medication; self-report of patients at the Volta regional hospital of Ho, Ghana
Authors: Afaya Agani , Salia Solomon Mohammed , Opare Frederick Yaw , Ali Samira , Afaya Richard Adongo
Published: September 2017

Background: Despite the advancement in malaria treatments and management; malaria morbidity and mortality is still on the increase. This phenomenon has been mostly attributed to the emergence and transmission resistance of the plasmodium parasite to drugs; which is as a result of non-adherence to anti-malaria medication. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess patients’ adherence to anti-malarial medications and the factors influencing their adherence in the Volta regional hospital.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed. Convenience sampling technique was used in recruiting respondents. Data were collected within a period of 8 weeks from April to May 2017. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviations which was generated by the use of IBM statistical package for social sciences version 23.Results: The average age of respondents surveyed for this study was 32.27±11.09 ranging from of 19 to 68 years. Majority (51.7%) of respondents were females and 76.7% of them being Christians. The study findings revealed that 36.6% of patient were completely adherent to anti-malarial medication. Over 90% of respondents agreed that the malarial medication had bad taste and it was an unpleasant feeling for them taking it.Conclusions: Poor adherence to antimalaria medications could play a role in the future development of drug resistance. As such, identifying ways to improve anti-malarial compliance will help mitigate drug resistance. Therefore, further studies should be carried out on ways to improve patients’ adherence to antimalarial medication.
Molecular studies in children with fragile X syndrome
Authors: S. Manjula Thulasi
Published: September 2017

Background: Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common single gene cause of Learning (intellectual) Disability (LD). FMR1 gene mutation is the commonest cause for this syndrome. The present study aims to analyze the incidence of the syndrome in Kerala population.Methods: Study was conducted among 86 children belonging to different places of Kerala. Children were selected on the basis of IQ scores and typical features of FXS. Blood samples were taken and routine karyotype was performed. PCR analyses were also conducted.Results: Majority of the children showed typical features of FXS. Out of 86 samples, six showed chromosomal aberrations were excluded. PCR analyses in 55 samples, screened 35 samples with FMR1 mutation, in which 26 samples having pre- mutation and 9 samples with full mutation.Conclusions: Through this genetic study, differential diagnosis of LD children with FXS, LD children with constitutional chromosome abnormalities, and LD children without any apparent genetic abnormalities could be established.
Levobupivacaine versus racemic bupivacaine: a comparative study on spinal anaesthesia in lower limb surgeries
Authors: Imam Arshad , Hasnat Sabir
Published: September 2017

Background: This study aims to compare the anaesthetic potency of intrathecally administered levobupivacaine with racemic bupivacaine in lower limb surgeries.Methods: 60 adult cases ranging in age from 18 to 60 years with ASA Grade I and II, presenting for elective lower limb surgery were randomly allocated into two groups containing 30 cases each. Cases in Group L received 3ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine and those in Group R received 3ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine.Results: Cases in both groups showed similarity and no statistically significant differences were observed. Cardiovascular parameters were stable and similar between both groups.Conclusions: Levobupivacaine and racemic bupivacaine show equally effective potencies for spinal anaesthesia in lower limb surgeries.
Prognostic significance of troponin T in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Prabhakaran Sunil Prasobh , Kannan Abhilash
Published: September 2017

Background: Cardiac markers traditionally have been used only to establish the diagnosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes. In those with suspected acute STEMI, markers have been deemed to have little value, although smaller studies have suggested that troponin T may be valuable for risk stratification. Study aim was to study the prognostic significance of admission Troponin T in acute STEMI and also the relation between Troponin positivity and ST segment resolution after thrombolysis and also relationship with ejection fraction by echocardiogram.Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted in 50 patients admitted with acute STEMI within eight hours in the department of medicine in a tertiary care centre in South Kerala. A blood sample was sent for assessing troponin T. All Patients underwent thorough clinical examination and investigations including echocardiogram was done and were managed with thrombolysis. They were closely followed up for in hospital and 30 days mortality and complications. ST segment resolution after thrombolysis with streptokinase was also assessed.Results: In present study 48% of the patients were troponin T positive. Total six patients died of which all were Troponin T positive. There was a significant increase in the complications in troponin T positive group (46% vs 16%). 44% of the patients had an anterior wall myocardial infarction of which 46% had complications. ST segment resolution after thrombolysis was below 30% in 66.7% of the troponin T positive patients. Ejection fraction was below 50% in 80% of troponin T positive patients.Conclusions: There was a statistically significant correlation between admission troponin T levels and in hospital complications and also mortality rates at 30 days. Troponin T positivity at admission was significantly associated with lower rates of reperfusion after thrombolysis with streptokinase and also lower rate of ejection fraction on echocardiogram. Troponin T positive anterior wall myocardial infarction was associated with more complications than non-anterior wall myocardial infarction.