bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Adrenergic Innervation of the Human Parotid Gland
Authors: Rossi G. , Balocco E. , Cortesina G.
Published: January 2010

A histochemical technique giving direct visualization of the chemical mediator of the adrenergic fibres was used in a study of adrenergic innervation of the parotid gland in man. The adenomeres were found to be surrounded by network of varicose adrenergic nerve fibres, though there were no signs of intracellular penetration. Adrenergic fibres were also observed in the intercalary and striated ducts. The relationships between adrenergic innervation and some functional characteristics of the parotid are discussed.
Klinischer Versuch mit POR 8 (Purantix®/Sandoz) als Vasokonstriktor
Authors: Neiger M.
Published: January 2010

The vasoconstrictor effect of the vasopressin analogue POR 8 (orni-thine8-va.sopressin/Purantix®, Sandoz) was investigated in 3000 e.n.t. operations; systemic effects on the circulation were studied in 47 patients. The ischaemic effect of POR 8 on the operative field is equal to that of adrenaline. No increase was observed in the rate of postoperative bleeding (a check was made mainly in cases of tonsillectomy). Blood pressure was determined in 47 patients and changes did not exceed + 20 mm Hg in 39 cases. No significant changes in pulse rate were observed. No untoward effects on the circulation, attributable to the vasoconstrictor, of the type sometimes seen with adrenaline for example, occurred in any of the cases.
Fetal Responses to Acoustic Stimuli
Authors: Tanaka Y. , Arayama T.
Published: January 2010

Prenatal tests of hearing are practically of great value in making an early diagnosis of deafness. Attempts were made to develop a relatively simple method of prenatal tests of hearing, and 134 fetuses of the 6th–10th month period of pregnancy were examined by means of this method. Pure tones of frequency 500, 1,000 and 2,000 Hz generated by a conventional audiometer were used as acoustic stimuli. Movements of the fetus as well as changes in the fetal pulse rate occurring during or immediately after the stimulation were used as criteria for the auditory response. One hundred and twenty-four of 134 fetuses responded to the stimulating tones, while the remaining 10 showed no responses. No responses were found in the fetuses in the 6th month of pregnancy.
L’électro-nystagmographie et le médecin praticien
Authors: Secrétan J.-P.
Published: January 2010

Nowadays, otologists mostly consider electronystagmography as an indispensable diagnostic procedure for a complete oto-neurological examination. However, this method is not yet used very often by practitioners, the price of the outfit being prohibitive for a private medical office. The introduction of Greiner’s torsion swing test has entirely changed the situation, however: this has made available a relatively inexpensive apparatus, and the method is sufficiently well standardized to be successfully performed by practitioners. The author presents a number of graphs obtained by the method of Greiner; he shows a case of vestibular recruitment, a central type outline after cranio-cerebral trauma and a flat graph in a case of disseminated sclerosis. The author is pointing out that in certain cases of central disturbances, the patient is unable to follow the oscillations of the pendulum.
Erfahrungen mit der Mikrolaryngoskopie und endolaryngealen Mikrochirurgie nach Kleinsasser
Authors: Hürzeler D.
Published: January 2010

Our brief experience with Kleinsasser’s method of microlaryngoscopy has been very rewarding. With further experience the slight increase in lime which is necessary for this technique should be further reduced and the method may become routine. The upper teeth are protected with a dental impression tray filled with brown Stents material. A new instrument was developed which is mounted on the light carrier and which helps guide the long handled instruments. The vocal cords arc easily seen by this technique and can he accurately operated upon even under the highest magnification.
L’actinomycose cervico-faciale
Authors: Goumaz C.-F. , Grigoriu D. , Maillard G.-F.
Published: January 2010

ActinomycesIsraeli, the agent of human actinomycosis and in particular of its cervico-facial form, is an endosaprophyte of the mouth becoming pathogenic following trauma to the buccal mucosa (for example sucking vegetable fibers) or common pyogenic infections. Demonstrative case histories show an excellent cure rate on high-dosage penicillin, associated, if need be, with treatment of the causal infection, surgical excision and radiotherapy. Prophylaxis consists of strict buccal hygiene with a view to eliminating infectious foci and active discouragement of grass sucking and its attendant risk of trauma to the buccal mucosa and penetration of the fungus.
Surface View of the Guinea Pig Otolithic Membrane
Authors: Kellerhals B. , Marti E. , Villiger W.
Published: January 2010

Providing direct three-dimensional visualization, scanning electron microscopy gives more detailed information about shape, surface and arrangement pattern of the statoconia than all previous methods. Scanning electron microscopic surface views of the guinea pig otolithic membrane are presented, and the relevance of the results is discussed with respect to functional problems and to questions concerning the formation of the statoconia crystals.
Hörapparateteste zur prognostischen Beurteilung von gehörsverbessernden Eingriffen
Authors: v. Schulthess G. , Baumgartner E.
Published: January 2010

Patients with otosclerosis were tested with pure tone and speech audiometry before and after stapedectomy. Also preoperative tests with hearing aids were done. At evaluation of these audiograms it was found that, in cases with mild or medium otosclerotic perceptive hearing loss, the operative gain was superior to the effect of a hearing aid. With severe inner ear damage the effect of stapedectomy and hearing aids seemed to be equal. In these cases, as well as in those with a relapse of the operative gain, unsuccessful stapedectomies or in border line cases, we used preoperative hearing tests successfully to provide additional information on inner ear function. In severe combined hearing loss, stapedectomy may improve the acoustic situation in view of the adaptation of a useful hearing-aid.
On the Problem of Damage to the Organ of Corti in Manipulations on the Conductive Apparatus of the Ear
Authors: Faltýnek L. , Veselý C.
Published: January 2010

The authors studied the effect on microphone potentials of one-minute mechanical manipulation of the conductive apparatus without damage to the stapes and opening of the vestibulum in guinea pigs. A decrease in microphone potentials with a subsequent slow restitution to the initial values was observed. The results of the mechanical manipulation were compared with the effect of white noise, intensity 120 dB. After one-minute manipulation, the decrease in the amplitude of microphone potentials and their restitution simulate the course of changes in microphone potentials after 5-minute deafening with white noise.
Effects of Plasma Fraction I on Post-Tonsillectomy Bleeding
Authors: Hiestand P. , Beck E.A.
Published: January 2010

Effects of plasma fraction I (‘fibrinogen’) on post-tonsillectomy bleeding were compared with surgical treatment and infusions of saline on randomized groups of adult patients. Surgical revision of the bleeding site arrested bleeding in every patient (13 cases), whereas infusion of 2 g of plasma fraction 1 effectively controlled bleeding in 32 out of 42 patients without any additional surgical treatment. In all of the patients receiving plasma fraction 1 without permanent arrest of bleeding the additional surgical revision was successful. Infusion of saline alone failed to influence post-tonsillectomy bleeding (6 patients). The difference in the effects of plasma fraction I and saline is statistically significant. Hemostatic and clinical evaluation of the patients with post-tonsillectomy bleeding did not demonstrate any apparent causes which would explain a bleeding tendency in comparison with a control group undergoing tonsillectomy without abnormal hemorrhage. In conclusion, infusion of 2 g of plasma fraction I is a partially effective treatment of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage, but the mechanisms of action of this treatment remain unknown.
An Electron Microscopic Study of the Human Fetus Cochlea
Authors: Nakai Y.
Published: January 2010

Electron microscopic observations were made of the cochlea in 5–6 month human fetus and 22–30-day rabbit fetus. The hair cells, supporting cells and afferent nerve fibers and endings can be identified among the rows of columnar cells that constitute the organ of Corti in 5–6 month human fetus. Intercellular fluid spaces and efferent nerve endings were not found in the human specimens studied here. The layer of cells next to endolymph in the stria vascularis, the future marginal cells, are separated from the cells beneath by a distinct basement membrane at the early stage of development. Later the basement membrane disappears as the mesodermal cells beneath begin to interdigitate with the marginal cells. A single kinocilium is present on the endolymphatic surface of the cells in the immature cochlea. These findings were correlated with the rabbit fetus cochlea and it is suggested that the last major event that the organ of Corti has, to begin to carry out its auditory function, efferent innervation, would occur in the later stages of human uterine life.
The Effect of Ethacrynic Acid on Perilymph Na and K
Authors: Wilson K.S. , Juhn S.K.
Published: January 2010

A study of the effect of ethacrynic acid on guinea-pig blood, cerebrospinal fluid and perilymph Na and K is reported. After exposure to 50 mg/kg of ethacrynic acid administered over 48 h, the perilymph K, 1.6 h following the last injection, was found to be markedly elevated above control values (0.01 > P > 0.001). This change in K may result from ethacrynic acid inhibition of a membrane ATPase system. One speculation is that elhacrynic acid ototoxicity results from the inhibition of cochlear-duct membrane ATPase.
Special Auditory Tests in Diagnosis of Vertigo
Authors: Leibbrandt C.C.
Published: January 2010

To determine the value of different tests of the audiological test battery as screening tests, 227 cases with vertigo are reviewed. The threshold tone decay test combined with the SISI test appears to be the best addition to conventional examination, when the cause of vertigo with sensorineural hearing loss is unknown.
Klinische Erfahrungen mit derVerwendung von Alphachymotrypsine ‘Choay’ bei Kieferhöhlen- und anderen ORL-Operationen
Authors: de Azevedo-Gamas A.
Published: January 2010

The effect of alphachymotrypsin on the development of postoperative edema following surgery of the maxillary sinus submucous resection of the nasal septum and tonsillectomy has been studied in a series of 103 patients over a period of 2 years. The anti-edematious effect of this enzymatic treatment could be demonstrated in the majority of the cases.
Ultrastructure of the Interdental Cells in Mammals
Authors: Ishiyama E. , Weibel J. , Keels E.W. , Richardson T.L.
Published: January 2010

Based on ultrastructural evidence of the interdental cells from guinea pig, cat and human the authors suggest that the function of interdental cells is to take up a material from the spiral limbus by pinocytosis and transport it via the vesicular channels of the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus until it is secreted into the tectorial membrane.
Central Compensation of Vestibular Dysfunction
Authors: Pfaltz C.R. , Kamath R.
Published: January 2010

The present study is based upon the results of repeated vestibular examinations under nystagmographic control, performed in a group of patients with strictly unilateral peripheral vestibular lesions. Central compensation of peripheral vestibular dysfunctions is relying upon two entirely different mechanisms. The first one is a specific vestibular phenomenon, depending on the integrity of the efferent vestibular system. It is termed ‘accommodation’, i.e. by means of the efferent fibers the responses from the remaining intact labyrinth are modulated, adjusting them to the functional deficiency (inhibition and facilitation). Accommodation is generally completed within a short time unless there is a lesion of the elements of the vestibular ganglion or an impairment of conductivity of the peripheral neuron. Functional disorders at the level of the vestibular ganglion or of the first neuron will implicate uncomplete and delayed accommodation. The second mechanism is a non specific central phenomenon, substituting the deficient vestibular functions by optic and somatosensory regulation. Hence the term centralcompensation should strictly speaking only be used for this particular phenomenon. It is depending upon the functional integrity of the central nervous system. For this reason traumatic and vascular lesions of the brain will delay the achievement of this compensatory mechanism according to the severity of the central disorder.
Studies on Abnormal Feeling in the Throat
Authors: Miyake H. , Matsuzaki H.
Published: January 2010

That the disease entity of the abnormal sensation of the laryngeal region is not a simple matter was found as the result of studies on blood, gastric juice, hormones and autonomic nervous system. The entity itself appears to be a highly complicated affair by being composed of factors deriving from three different sources, local, general and psychosomatic.
Les hétérotopies épithéliales cylindriques de l’œsophage
Authors: Savary M.
Published: January 2010

Out of 234 columnar epithelial heterotopies discovered during 4,380 esophagoscopies (1963–1970), 43 would respond, by their distal extension and localisation, to the criterion of ‘esophagus lined with columnar epithelium’. Their distribution according to age has revealed a preponderance of the rate of incidence of the ‘esophagus lined with columnar epithelium’ in infancy and in old age. From the endoscopic point of view, the systematically applied stage photography has made it possible to differentiate 2 distinct morphological types: In the first type, frequently found in infancy, the epithelial heterotopy appears to be diffused and presents a linear upper limit localised most often at the aortic arch. In the second type, usually in old age, the heterotopy is discontinued, irregular, with an asymmetrical upper limit. Histologically, 41 times out of 43, the columnar epithelium was without acid secretion (absence of the parietal and chief cells). The esophagus lined with columnar epithelial would associate 43 times (100% of cases) to a gastroesophagial reflux, 41 times to a peptic esophagitis, 19 times to a peptic stenosis, twice to a Barrett ulcer, 5 times to an adeno-carcinoma and 35 times (81% of cases) to a hiatal hernia. With the exception of the Barrett ulcer the peptic lesions generally would be found on the squamous mucosa. Once out of twice they associate themselves with a stenosis. In 3 cases, repeated endoscopies during 5 years or more have not shown any modification of the epithelial morphology of the heterotopy (compared photographs and biopsies).
Contribution à l’étude des kystes branchiaux
Authors: Pellissier M.
Published: January 2010

Twenty cases of latero-cervical bronchial cysts were treated in the ENT Clinic (Hôpital Cantonal de Lausanne) in the last ten years. The author examins the different theories concerning the pathogeny of this affection and compares them to the clinic facts in these twenty cases The diagnosis method and the treatment is studied.
Traitement chirurgical reconstructif des sténoses narinaires
Authors: Meyer R.
Published: January 2010

The author describes a personal method of plastic correction of nasal stenosis which has proved more effective than the technics used up until now. On the outer surface of the stenosing wall we cut a small flap based at the base of the columella and the floor of the vestibule. This flap has to cover the median wall of the vestibule, after the inner surface of the wall has been prepared. Another semi-lunar shaped flap is taken from the skin of the jaw close to the base of the nostril and is transfered as an island flap to the floor of the vestibule by means of a sub-cutaneous pedicle. After the excision of the scars in the vault, we complete the vestibule lining by a composite graft from the ‘crus-helicis’ of the auricle.
A propos d’un cas d’hypolaryngite associée à une maladie de Pfeiffer
Authors: Misic R.
Published: January 2010

After a fortuitous discovery of an infant’s case of mononucleosis actually suffering of an acute hypolaryngitis, in December 1968, the similar association has been searched systematically in all cases of acute hypolaryngitis. This has led us to find another 4 cases, all being confirmed by the serological reaction of Paul and Bunnell and Tomscik. Is there any relation between the two pathological entities? Only further research, more enlarged and profound, might give us the answer.
Frequency and Intensity Relationships in the Cochlear Microphonics of Guinea Pigs’
Authors: Suga F. , Snow J.B., Jr.
Published: January 2010

The literature of frequency and intensity analysis in audition is reviewed. An experimental study of the measurement of cochlear microphonics of each turn of the cochlea to frequency and intensity in guinea pigs is presented. The observation demonstrates that the amplitudes of the cochlear microphonics for low intensity tones are compatible with von BÉKÉSY’S observation of the point of maximum displacement of the basilar membrane according to frequency. However, at high intensities the greater amplitude of the cochlear microphonics at the basal turn regardless of frequency suggests that either the amplitude of displacement of the basilar membrane is greatest at the basal turn for all frequencies or that factors other than the degree of displacement of the basilar membrane are involved in determination of the amplitude of the cochlear microphonics.
Physiology of the Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscle
Authors: Hast M.H. , Golbus S.
Published: January 2010

A study was made of the mechanical properties of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle in the dog. This laryngeal muscle was found to have a fast contraction time of 19 msec, which is second only to the very fast thry oarytenoid muscle. An average maximum force of 63 g also would rank this muscle as one of the ‘weaker’muscles of the larynx.
Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Infections of the Ear, Nose and Throat
Authors: Rees T.A.
Published: January 2010

1,000 strains of Ps. aeruginosa isolated from disease conditions of the ear, nose and throat, were examined for sensitivity to 9 antibiotics. Only 4.5 % of them were sensitive to all 9. The low incidence of strains resistant to polymixin B, colistin and carbenicillin makes them most suitable for the treatment of infections due to this organism, though the need for parenteral administration limits their systemic use to in-patients. A high level of cross-resistance exists between polymixin B and colistin, while there are various degrees of cross-resistance between the aminoglycoside antibiotics streptomycin, framycetin and neomycin. 63.9 % of strains resistant to oxytetracycline are cross-resistant to the chemically-unrelated chloramphenicol.
Le concept de stewardship chez Douglas J. Hall comme fondement d'une théologie écologique christocentrée
Authors: Vaillancourt Louis
Published: January 2010

Dans le contexte de la crise écologique actuelle, le thème du stewardship, de plus en plus présent dans la littérature théo-écologique, apparaît comme une clé pour identifier et exposer la contribution particulière du discours chrétien: celle de repenser les représentations anthropo-cosmologiques de notre culture occidentale. Un théologien canadien, Douglas J. Hall, a longuement exploré cette nouvelle image de l'être humain compris comme un «steward», une richesse négligée de la tradition judéo-chrétienne. L'étude du concept de «stewardship» dans l'oeuvre de D. J. Hall, de même que des enrichissements de la thématique grâce à l'apport des traditions juive, orthodoxe et amérindienne, confirme la pertinence de son emploi comme pivot d'une théologie écologique. Notre article ouvre finalement la voie à une interprétation christologique du stewardship qui donne à ce symbole biblique son expression plénière.
Is Kai Nielsen becoming a Wittgensteinian fideist?
Authors: Grant Colin
Published: January 2010

In his recourse to a later Wittgensteinian or postmodern social focus, Kai Nielsen relinquishes the analytic argument he once took to be supportive of his naturalistic outlook. This shift raises the question of how he can continue to demand rationality of theistic visions that he no longer expects for his own naturalistic outlook. Rather than a rational naturalism and a fideistic theism, what seems to be involved are two coherent visions that are seen to be rational by different people. If the visions are this basic and comprehensive, however, what we come to ultimately, it would seem, is a basic faith, fideism. This is not the arbitrary fideism that Nielsen dismissed as Wittgensteinian fideism; it is a fideism that defines what it is to be rational, but it does this for Nielsen's naturalism as well as for religious visions. In this way, Nielsen's recourse to the social in the wake of the failure of positivism exposes his own fideistic base.
Motives for defection: Ahithophel's agenda in 2 Samuel 15-17
Authors: Bodner Keith
Published: January 2010

In the biblical narrative of 2 Samuel 15-17, Absalom conspires against his father, King David, and attempts to seize the throne of Israel. Absalom's rebellion gains a key ally when Ahithophel, designated as one of David's senior advisors, joins the forces of Absalom. The reasons behind this défection are obscure in the narrative, and there is no motive stated in the text explaining why Ahithophel would act in this manner toward David. However, the German biblical scholar Gerhard von Rad has drawn attention to an interesting connection between Bathsheba (with whom David has an affair in 2 Sam. 11) and Ahithophel. In 2 Samuel 11:3, Bathsheba is mentioned as "the daughter of Eliam." In 2 Samuel 23:34, Eliam is mentioned as "the son of Ahithophel," hence Bathsheba and Ahithophel seem to be close relatives. This article surveys the major scenes where Ahithophel appears in 2 Samuel 15-17, and explores this genealogical connection as a possible motive for Ahithophel's defection: he is angry and disillusioned with David after the Bathsheba affair and subsequent murder by proxy of her husband, Uriah the Hittite.
The Methodistical way: Revivalism and popular resistance to the Wesleyan Church discipline in the Stanstead Circuit, Lower Canada, 1821-52
Authors: Little J.I.
Published: January 2010

This essay examines the dynamic between the British Wesleyan missionaries and the American-origin population of the Stanstead Circuit within Lower Canada's Eastern Townships. It finds that early revivals were followed by years of slow church growth and stagnation as the missionaries were unable, or unwilling, to develop the lay leadership network that was a central feature of the Methodist system. By the middle of the 19th century, attempts to impose the church discipline on the local population had made relatively little progress in the face of the Rebellions of 1837-38, the Millerite religious revival, the incursion of radical Methodist splinter groups, and ongoing popular resistance to an externally dictated denominational exclusivism that posed a threat to local community bonds.
Revisioning classical Yoga: " Getting it right with prakrti"
Authors: Whicher Ian
Published: January 2010

This article challenges interpretations of classical Yoga that have misrepresented Patañjali's philosophical outlook as being radically dualistic, isolationistic and world-denying. Drawing from classical texts, it is argued that Yoga is a balanced integration of the spiritual and material dimensions of human life. Yoga does not advocate abandonment or condemnation of the world but rather supports a stance that enables one to live more fully in the world without being enslaved by worldly identification. Yoga can thus be seen to incorporate a clarity of awareness with the integrity of being and action.
The book of Chronicles: Another look
Authors: Zvi Ehud Ben
Published: January 2010

This article explores several aspects of the study of the book of Chronicles as a written document meant to be read and reread by a specific readership. First, it proposes that the book shows a more subtle, balanced and sophisticated position than the (in)famous theology of immediate, personal retribution. Second, the article deals with the book as a new historiographical work interacting in various ways with earlier works, and representing a singularly important document for understanding the intellectual history of Yehud in the Persian period. Third, the article addresses Chronicles' construction of ideological and discursive events that enable readers to reframe and readjust their social memory in the context of their society. It claims that this process led to, and was reflective of a formulation of a main social memory that served to frame the identity of the authorship and readership of the book in terms of (a) motifs such as Exodus, Sinai, Moses, tabernacle, and (b) such as David, Zion, temple. The article explores the importance of Chronicles as a contribution to the creation of such a social memory within the frame of Yehud. Finally, the article discusses how Chronicles' genealogies reminded the literati for whom the book was primarily written that common social boundaries (including those of gender and ethnicity) have, at times, been transgressed in the past, and that the results of those transgressions have been quite positive.
Clercs et laïcs dans la catéchèse
Authors: Reginensi Luc
Published: January 2010

Dans cet article, nous expliquons quelles sont les ressources que les clercs et les catéchètes français, tant catholiques que protestants, mobilisent dans les interactions qui se nouent entre eux à l'occasion de la catéchèse. Nous montrons comment les modes de participations des catéchètes laïcs se sont diversifiés. Nous explicitons les transformations du mode de participation des clercs à la suite de l'apparition d'une nouvelle forme d'auto-perception dans laquelle leur compétence théologique s'est métamorphosée en compétence technique.
The Indians of the Saint Lawrence Valley and their religion: An essay on four centuries of scholarship in French
Authors: Despland Michel
Published: January 2010

During the century and a half from Champlain to Charlevoix a vast corpus was written in French about the Indians of the Saint Lawrence Valley. The rich material from these writings opens a discourse on native religions and serves to affirm a common nature between the two populations. However, the British conquest and subsequent developments interupted this production of material. This paper examines the attitudes towards natives and native religion that inform the earlier French material and considers the differences between them and the English inter-cultural policies and practices that followed. It brings its discussion to the 1970s, showing how, with the rise of ethno-historical studies, a new Quebec corpus is being written which attends to the interaction of the French and native populations.
Servant, manager or slave? Reading the parable of the rich man and his steward (Luke 16:1-8a) through the lens of ancient slavery
Authors: Baergen Rene A.
Published: January 2010

The Parable of the Rich Man and His Steward (Lk. 16:1-8a) is one of the more difficult parables of the New Testament; even a cursory survey of its various designations (whether Unjust Steward, Dishonest Manager, Shrewd Manager, Foolish Master or Dishonoured Master) indicates the conflicting ways in which the parable has been read. The character of the rich man has recently come under increased scrutiny, and with considerable profit, but the status of his steward has not received similar attention, with few exceptions. It is the contention of this paper that the status of the parable's oikonomos, whether slave, freed or free, matters, and indeed demands that the parable be set within the context of ancient slavery. Such a context presents a point of entry into the social-historical and cultural dimensions of the text and suggests a way through the current hermeneutical morass.
Syndicalisme, religions et religiosité: analyse par une approche économique
Authors: Sandi Mourad
Published: January 2010

L'évolution de l'influence des religions et des Églises dans les sphères politique, économique et sociale constitue l'une des caractéristiques sociales majeures de l'ère contemporaine. Bien que le syndicalisme soit un phénomène plus récent que la croyance, la religion et/ou les Églises ne sont pas restées extérieures à sa montée. Parfois même des syndicats ont une référence directe à une religion. Indépendamment de l'existence ou non de positions religieuses (explicites et/ou implicites) à l'égard du syndicalisme, les croyances peuvent ainsi influencer le choix d'adhésion individuelle au syndicat. Dans cet article nous nous servons de la théorie économique pour étudier l'impact des religions et des Églises sur le syndicalisme. Nous tenterons de mettre en relief cet impact à travers des estimations empiriques sur une base de données individuelles collectées en 2004 sur 23 pays industrialisés.
"Sathans inventions and worships": Two 17th-century clergymen on Native American religions
Authors: Senior Nancy
Published: January 2010

Roger Williams (1603-1683) and Louis Nicolas (1634-1682?) discuss the native people and religions of North America in different ways. Each wrote a book about an indigenous language; both describe Native customs and religious practices. Both of them believe that any non-Christian is lost, but their references to indigenous religions are different in tone, and reflect their positions in 17th-century controversies. In an apparent paradox based on theological grounds, the man who found New England Puritans not pure enough speaks more tolerantly of non-Christian religions than does the more broadly educated Jesuit.
The metaphysics of the heart in the Sufi doctrine of Rumi
Authors: Rustom Mohammed
Published: January 2010

In the Masnavi-yi Ma'navi (The Couplets of Esoteric Meaning) written by the famous Muslim mystical poet, Jalal al-Din Rumi (d. 1273 C.E.), countless metaphysical teachings are interwoven into the fabric of the text. It is, as one author has called it, "an ocean of gnosis" (Nasr 1993: 183). For this short paper I have dipped into this "ocean of gnosis" and resurfaced with several of the most important passages in which Rumi lays out his metaphysical teachings concerning the "heart" (lubb, fu'ad, qalb and sirr in Arabic; dil in Persian), which is a key concept in Sufi literature. For the Sufis it is not the eye but the heart that "perceives." In what follows I will first delineate some of Rumi's core teachings on the heart. I will then turn my attention to what he has to say about the heart as a means to seeing the Divine, for both human beings and God Himself.
Muslim "Orientalism" in medieval travel accounts of India
Authors: Foltz Richard
Published: January 2010

Since the late 1970s the term "orientalism" has most often been used to assert the existence of an exoticised, romanticised and often hegemonic European view of the non-Western Other. A similar approach can be seen in travelogues of India written by Middle Eastern and Central Asian Muslims during the pre-modern period. This observation suggests that such approaches to the Other are not unique to Europeans, but may be characteristic of hegemonic cultures in general.
Ironie et ambiguïtés en Qohélet 10,16-20
Authors: Lavoie Jean-Jacques
Published: January 2010

Dans cet article, nous présentons un état de la recherche des critiques des sources et des analyses structurelle et littéraire de Qohélet 10,16-20. Puis, nous montrons comment l'ironie de Qohélet emprunte les voies de l'ambiguïté structurelle et sémantique, de l'hyperbole et de la parodie.
"I seek my satisfaction in you": The sexual discourses of Eugène Prévost, religious founder
Authors: Boisvert Donald L.
Published: January 2010

Father Eugène Prévost ( 1860-1946) is the founder of two small Roman Catholic religious orders dedicated to the material and spiritual care of priests: for men, the Fraternité Sacerdotale; for women, the Oblates of Bethany. Born in rural Quebec, his religious training and thinking were fairly typical of the French Canadian Catholic environment of that time. His spirituality centres on the motif of Jesus as priest and victim. Father Prévost's extensive writings, often rather sentimental in the extreme, are remarkable for their sexual overtones, particularly their use of homoerotic language and imagery. This article examines some of the more significant themes of this "eroticized" discourse.
"We are Native Catholics": Inculturation and the Tekakwitha Conference
Authors: Holmes Paula Elizabeth
Published: January 2010

This article explores what has been termed a recent "shift in perspective" in the Catholic Church which rethinks the relationship between theology and its concrete socio-cultural context. I begin with a brief history of the term inculturation and its related concepts, particulary syncretism. An examination of the key metaphors which have been used to describe inculturation filters out the changing assumptions about Christianity and culture and the relationship between them. Some of the interrelated issues which arise in the concept of inculturation are the emergence of local Christian identity predicated on a (re)definition of tradition; discernment and evaluation of both culture and the gospel; the enactment of power structures through the workings of inculturation; and a dual process of essentializing. I illustrate these issues with a case study of the Tekakwitha Conference, a Native Catholic organization which claims to be the voice, presence and identity of Native American Catholics, and whose explicit mandate is inculturation.
Dimorphs and cobblers: Ways of being religious in Canada
Authors: James William Closson
Published: January 2010

Two specific examples considered in the author's Locations of the Sacred— Japanese Canadians and an Inuit crisis cult—raise the possibility of drawing selectively on two or more religious traditions. More generally, in Japan and among other Canadian Native peoples situational needs sometimes determine which religion is followed. Rather than syncretism (that is, the combination of two religions), the term religious dimorphism better describes this kind of compartmentalization and alternation. As several scholars have observed, situational use of various norms characterizes the manner by which many contemporary Canadians manage conflicts between religion and culture. A multilayered spirituality, cobbled together from various sources, is more characteristic of religion in Canada today than an exclusive and hegemonic monotheism.
Identifying evangelical organizations: A new look at an old problem
Authors: Chapman Mark
Published: January 2010

This article explores some weaknesses of existing approaches to defining "evangelical" for the purpose of quantitative identification, classification and comparison of evangelical organizations. It builds an argument for the necessity of a different way of looking at the definitional task. An approach to definition is described which is broad enough to encompass variations among organizations but can be applied narrowly to differentiate organizations from each other without excluding fringe organizations and without relying on sufficient or dominant characteristics. "Evangelical" as a descriptive characteristic is shown to be ambiguous but "evangelical" as a class of organizations sharing a limited number of necessary characteristics and a large number of general characteristics remains useful.
New approaches to employee voice and participation in organizations
Authors: Budd John W , Gollan Paul J , Wilkinson Adrian
Published: January 2010

While the history of employee voice and participation is longstanding, there has been a sharp increase in interest in these topics among academics, practitioners, and policy-makers in recent years. The research on employee voice and participation has therefore significantly broadened, expanding from an earlier institutional focus to also include significant behavioural and strategic streams. This article introduces a symposium that extends our knowledge of employee voice and participation in terms of new organizational forms, practices and processes that affect the nature, structure and conditions of work and organizations by showcasing the breadth of contemporary research on voice and participation.
How People Form Political Opinions
Authors: Paddock R. R.
Published: January 2010

Our first contribution comes from Mr. Paddock, a graduate of Auckland University and at present a student of Comparative Political Institutions at Victoria College, who here discusses the interesting question of political loyalties.
Plato Applied to the Present Day
Authors: McLeod B.
Published: January 2010

Per medium of the Socratic dialogue, Mr. McLeod gives a challenging answer to the question whether Plato's teachings are pertinent to the present day. You may not agree with all Mr. McLeod says but you will, no doubt, be stimulated by his initiative and originality of approach.
Why Do I Support the Labour Party?
Authors: Combs H. E.
Published: January 2010

Well known for his interest in social questions, Mr. Combs, Member of Parliament for Onslow, and one of the stalwarts of his party during its struggle for recognition and its period of power, outlines reasons for his adherence to the Labour Party.
The Faith of A Liberal
Authors: Marshall J. R.
Published: January 2010

Mr. Marshall, Nationalist Member of Parliament for Mt. Victoria, Wellington, here gives his reasons for his place in politics. A Master of Laws and a graduate in Political Science, Mr. Marshall is one of the youngest members of the House and his election may be an incentive to other such capable graduates to strive to gain a place in the responsible and exacting sphere of law-making.
The Local Body Elections 1947
Authors: Lumsden B. C.
Published: January 2010

In this discussion on last year's local body elections, Mr. Lumsden, a Political Science student, suggests reform designed to interest the apathetic voter and ensure as much citizen participation as possible in the business of government.
Part I: Judicial Interpretation and Social Progress
Authors: Campbell D. F.
Published: January 2010

Mr. Campbell, a graduate in law at Victoria College and now with the Internal Marketing Department, here challenges the view expounded so often by Professor Laski and current in many circles since the High Court's and Privy Council's decision against the Australian Commonwealth government on the bank nationalisation issue, that our legal system is out of step with forces of social development.
Some Aspects of U.S. Foreign Policy
Authors: Arnold L. O.
Published: January 2010

In this appraisal of American foreign policy, Mr. L. O. Arnold, a Stage III Political Science student, criticises several aspects of that policy but his conclusion is that of the vast majority of New Zealanders.
Views Related To The Function and Limits of the State in Modern Society
Authors: Winchester J. M.
Published: January 2010

Mr. J. M. Winchester, a graduate in History at Victoria College, who discusses the Marxian attitude to the State, does not see any advantage in the extension of State activity in a modern capitalist State.
‘The creatures, too, must become free’: Marx and the Animal/Human Distinction
Authors: Wilde Lawrence
Published: January 2010

In order to establish what it is that makes us essentially human Marx, like Aristotle, distinguishes between humans and other animals. The distinction rests on how we produce, and it remains defensible, despite recent commentaries which argue that it involves a dis respectful view of animals. Marx's humanism involves a naturalism which is incompatible with purely instrumental attitudes towards animals. Just as his critique of capitalism exposes the degradation of humanity, so the movements struggling for animal protection expose the ruthless cruelty to animals inherent in the accumulation process, and in doing so they constitute themselves as antisystemic movements.
Socialists and the Unions: a response to Gall's comment
Authors: McIlroy John
Published: January 2010

Gregor Gall's response to my article in Capital & Class, 71, is well argued and constructive. Rather than engaging with each of his points, I will briefly comment on a number of important issues on which our views differ. These include ‘the downturn’, the possibilities for trade union resurgence posed by New Labour's employment legislation and the very real threat social partnership offers to any socialist trade unionism.
European integration: the market, the political and class
Authors: Bonefeld Werner
Published: January 2010

The article argues that class is crucial for the understanding of European integration. Rivalry between member states presupposes their common interest in containing the European working class(es) and EMU renders the relationship of dependency and rivalry between member states more intense. The importance of class is well understood by liberal intellectuals and especially Hayek's view on ‘inter-state federalism’ is assessed.
The politics of European integration: A European labour movement in the making?
Authors: Taylor Graham , Mathers Andy
Published: January 2010

This paper explores the logical and historical determinants of European integration and reflects on the potential and dangers this presents for labour movement renewal. Through the principle of ‘subsidiarity’ a regulatory gap has been established between political mobilisation at the national level and neo-liberal regulation at the European level. The historical determination of this form is traced through an exploration of the social struggles against neo-liberalism that have developed within member states and transnational mobilizations that bridge this regulatory gap by linking resistance across national boundaries.
From reflection to refraction: opening up open Marxism
Authors: Roberts John Michael
Published: January 2010

In this paper the author provides a sympathetic critique of open Marxism. In particular the author suggests that while open Marxists successfully show how social forms reflect the contradiction between capital and labour, they do not at present demonstrate with equal insight how social forms also refract this contradiction in their own unique and qualitative way. This leads the author to insist that a genuinely open approach to Marxist theory must seek to develop dialectical categories in a manner that can account for the refracted nature of each social form. His argument is developed through the concepts of abstraction, social form, crisis, regulation and discourse.
The engineered and the vernacular in cultural quarter development
Authors: Shorthose Jim
Published: January 2010

This article explores the way that the cultural quarters in two UK cities have developed, namely those of Leicester and Nottingham. Referring to a distinction, first used by Ivan Illich, between the ‘engineered’ and the ‘vernacular’, it explores some of the key cultural and political differences between institutional cultural quarter development on the one hand, and informal, DIY cultural development on the other. It argues that informal and DIY cultural practices raise important political questions concerning the meaning, production, consumption and ownership of culture, the nature of cultural institutions, and the way culture contributes to urban development.
Defeated but defiant: The continued resilience of the National Union of Mineworkers within the Nottinghamshire coalfield
Authors: Allsop David
Published: January 2010

This article provides new empirical data on a case-study colliery in Nottinghamshire, supporting the union resilience/renewal argument. It highlights the hostile environment in which the NUM operates, and the importance of shop steward organisation in maintaining an effective NUM presence at the colliery.
Modernisation or casualisation? Numerical flexibility in public services
Authors: Conley Hazel
Published: January 2010

‘Flexibility’ is a key feature of the government's modernisation agenda. The government does not define the kind of flexibility it aims to promote in its modernisation agenda; but data indicates that numerical flexibility, in the form of temporary work, is already a characteristic of public-sector employment, particularly in local government. This paper reports on research data that highlights the way numerical flexibility undermines other key aspects of public-service delivery and the modernisation agenda, such as equal opportunities and recruitment and retention. It argues that the poorer terms and conditions of temporary workers provide additional support for trade union claims of the existence of a ‘two-tier workforce’ in local government.
Re-engaging the third way? Regionalism, the European left and ‘Marxism without guarantees’
Authors: Worth Owen
Published: January 2010

The failure of the ‘third way’ to reverse the decline of European socialism has led to the polarisation of the left in Europe, reflected both in practical politics and within academic circles. On the one hand, centre-left ‘reformists' insist on the need to engage with neoliberal modernisation, while on the other, traditionalists insist on the need for the return of national self expression. This article argues that through a re-evaluation of Stuart Hall's maxim of ‘Marxism without guarantees' and his account of change and transformation, an alternative understanding of socialist renewal within Europe can be reached.
From socialist Solidarity to neo-populist neoliberalisation? The paradoxes of Poland's post-communist transition
Authors: Shields Stuart
Published: January 2010

This paper interrogates the current neo-populist turn in Poland. The Kaczynski government contains a disparate group of ideological positions with a shared antagonism to the preceding neoliberal and post-Solidarity political mainstream. With Poland in the vanguard of neoliberal post-communist transition, the paper sets out to consider whether recent events signal a clear and decisive rejection of neoliberalisation despite the absence of a serious left alternative. It argues that the former Solidarity opposition and state-socialist social forces have been co-opted into reproducing neoliberalism, while the neo-populists, although rhetorically radical, have instead contributed to the reinforcement of neoliberalisation.
‘It was absolute hell’: Inside the private prison
Authors: Taylor Phil , Cooper Christine
Published: January 2010

As part of a broader current of critique of the economic and political dynamics of prison privatisation — a critique that initially emanated from the USA — this paper focuses on Scotland and on research carried out at its then only private penal institution, HMP Kilmarnock. The authors dismantle the government's case for extending prison privatisation by drilling deep into the experience of Kilmarnock and demonstrating the deleterious effects of marketisation for prison officers and prisoners alike. Degraded pay and conditions and systemic understaffing corroded morale, exposed staff and inmates to risk, and contributed to massive officer turnover. Compelling evidence comes from sources ordinarily unavailable to critical researchers, such as internal company and government documentation.
A definition and criticism of cybercommunism
Authors: Vadén Tere , Suoranta Juha
Published: January 2010

When Žižek (2002b) defines his idea of cybercommunism using an adaptation of the Leninist formula ‘Socialism = free access to internet + the power of the soviets’, he omits the crucial part about electricity. The cybercommunist idea that the information society is more ‘spectral’ and ‘malleable’ than were the previous ‘crudely’ economical societies conceals the question of what types of communities it favours. The political economy of cybercommunism also demands an analysis of the material conditions of cyber-freedom that can be conceptualised, for instance, in terms of levels of decreasing alienation.