bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of different concentrations of heparin sealing liquid on thrombosis after peripherally inserted Central Catheter catheterization in tumor patients (HEALTH): protocol for a prospective, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Wang Zhimin , He Peiyi , Wei Jianning , Du Ping
Published: November 2018

Background: Malignant tumor patients with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) are at high risk of developing deep venous thrombosis. Different concentrations of sealing liquid result in different outcomes. However, there is a lack of evidence of large randomized controlled trials to show the different incidences of deep vein thrombosis using different concentrations of sealing liquid. The aim of this study is to compare the difference in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremity in cancer patients with PICC using physiological saline, 10 U/ml heparin, and 50 U/ml heparin, separately.
Methods: A three-arm, single-center, single-blind, randomized controlled trial will be performed. We plan to recruit a total of 639 cancer patients within 12 months with a follow-up period of six months. Patients will be randomized at 1:1:1 ratio by centralized service allocation concealment. Sealing liquid with different concentrations, i.e. physiological saline, 10 U/ml heparin, and 50 U/ml heparin will be administered. Primary outcome is the incidence of upper extremity venous thrombosis. Secondary outcomes include the time of thrombus and the severity of thrombosis with three grades. All randomized patients will be analyzed by intention-to-treat. Chi-square test will be used to compare the incidence of upper extremity venous thrombosis. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test will be presented to compare thrombus in relation to time. A Cox regression will test the effect of group on thrombus, with hazard ratio adjusted for significant clinical variables.
Discussion: The trial will help to resolve the uncertainty of the clinical practice of PICC catheterization liquid concentration, and to provide the basis for the implementing the clinical intervention and effectively reducing PICC-related venous thrombosis. The present study is ongoing, and data will be published in peer-reviewed journals after its conclusion.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800018391. Registered on 14 September 2018 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=30808.
Anisotropic Zeeman Splitting in YbNi4P2
Authors: Karbassi Sara , Ghannadzadeh Saman , Kliemt Kristin , Brando Manuel , Krellner Cornelius , Friedemann Sven
Published: November 2018

The electronic structure of heavy-fermion materials is highly
renormalised at low temperatures with localised moments contributing to
the electronic excitation spectrum via the Kondo effect. Thus,
heavy-fermion materials are very susceptible to Lifshitz transitions due
to the small effective Fermi energy arising on parts of the renormalised
Fermi surface. Here, we study Lifshitz transitions that have been
discovered in YbNi_44P_22
in high magnetic fields. We measure the angular dependence of the
critical fields necessary to induce a number of Lifshitz transitions and
find it to follow a simple Zeeman-shift model with anisotropic g-factor.
This highlights the coherent nature of the heavy quasiparticles forming
a renormalised Fermi surface. We extract information on the orientation
of the Fermi surface parts giving rise to the Lifshitz transitions and
we determine the anisotropy of the effective
gg-factor
to be \eta \approx 3.8η≈3.8
in good agreement with the crystal field scheme of
YbNi_44P_22.
Biology of Heme: Drug Interactions and Adverse Drug Reactions with CYP450
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Chugh Heerak , Sood Damini , Singh Snigdha , Singh Aarushi , Awasthi Amar Deep , Tomar Ravi , Tomar Vartika , Chandra Ramesh
Published: November 2018

Heme is central to functions of many biologically important enzymes (hemoproteins). It is an
assembly of four porphyrin rings joined through methylene bridges with a central Fe (II). Heme is present
in all cells, and its synthesis and degradation balance its amount in the cell. The deregulations of
heme networks and incorporation in hemoproteins lead to pathogenic state. This article addresses the
detailed structure, biosynthesis, degradation, and transportation associated afflictions to heme. The
article is followed by its roles in various diseased conditions where it is produced mainly as the cause of
increased hemolysis. It manifests the symptoms in diseases as it is a pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory and
pro-hemolytic agent. We have also discussed the genetic defects that tampered with the biosynthesis,
degradation, and transportation of heme. In addition, a brief about the largest hemoprotein group of enzymes-
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) has been discussed with its roles in drug metabolism.
Targeting α -(1,4)-Glucosidase in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: The Role of New Synthetic Coumarins as Potent Inhibitors
Authors: Figueroa-Benavides Catalina , Matos Maria João , Peñaloza-Amion Montserrat , Veas Rubén , Valenzuela-Barra Gabriela , Zapata Gerald , Delogu Giovanna , Uriarte Eugenio , Santana Lourdes , Olea-Azar Claudio , Delporte Carla
Published: November 2018

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is a metabolic disease characterized by a chronic increase in
glycemia that promotes several long-term complications and high mortality. Some enzymes involved in
glycaemic control, such as α -(1,4)-glucosidase, have now been established as novel pharmacological
targets. Coumarins have shown benefits in attenuating signs and complications of DMT2, including inhibition
of this enzyme. In this work, new synthetic coumarins (bearing different amide and aryl substituents)
were studied in vitro as inhibitors of α-(1,4)-glucosidase. Among them, five molecules proved to
be excellent α-(1,4)-glucosidase inhibitors, being compound 7 (IC50 = 2.19 µM) about 200 times more
potent than acarbose, a drug currently used for the treatment of DMT2. In addition, most of the coumarins
presented uncompetitive inhibition for the α-(1,4)-glucosidase. Molecular docking studies revealed
that coumarins bind to the active site of the enzyme in a more external area comparing to the substrate,
without interfering with it, and displaying aromatic and hydrophobic interactions, as well as some hydrogen
bonds. According to the results, aromatic interactions with two phenylalanine residues, 157 and
177, were the most common among the studied coumarins. This study is a step forward for the understanding
of coumarins as potential anti-diabetic compounds displaying α-(1,4)-glucosidase inhibition.
Computational Identification of Chemical Compounds with Potential Activity against Leishmania amazonensis using Nonlinear Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Castillo-Garit Juan Alberto , Flores-Balmaseda Naivi , Álvarez Orlando , Pham-The Hai , Pérez-Doñate Virginia , Torrens Francisco , Pérez-Giménez Facundo
Published: November 2018

Leishmaniasis is a poverty-related disease endemic in 98 countries worldwide, with morbidity
and mortality increasing daily. All currently used first-line and second-line drugs for the treatment of
leishmaniasis exhibit several drawbacks including toxicity, high costs and route of administration. Consequently,
the development of new treatments for leishmaniasis is a priority in the field of neglected
tropical diseases. The aim of this work is to develop computational models those allow the identification
of new chemical compounds with potential anti-leishmanial activity. A data set of 116 organic chemicals,
assayed against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, is used to develop the theoretical models.
The cutoff value to consider a compound as active one was IC50≤1.5μM. For this study, we employed
Dragon software to calculate the molecular descriptors and WEKA to obtain machine learning
(ML) models. All ML models showed accuracy values between 82% and 91%, for the training set. The
models developed with k-nearest neighbors and classification trees showed sensitivity values of 97%
and 100%, respectively; while the models developed with artificial neural networks and support vector
machine showed specificity values of 94% and 92%, respectively. In order to validate our models, an
external test-set was evaluated with good behavior for all models. A virtual screening was performed
and 156 compounds were identified as potential anti-leishmanial by all the ML models. This investigation
highlights the merits of ML-based techniques as an alternative to other more traditional methods to
find new chemical compounds with anti-leishmanial activity.
Counting on Fragment Based Drug Design Approach for Drug Discovery
Authors: Kashyap Aanchal , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Silakari Om
Published: November 2018

Fragment based drug design (FBDD) is a structure guided ligand design approach used in
the process of drug discovery. It involves identification of low molecular weight fragments as hits followed
by determination of their binding mode using X-ray crystallography and/or NMR spectroscopy.
X-ray protein crystallography is one of the most sensitive biophysical methods used for screening and
is least prone to false positives. It also provides detailed structural information of the protein–fragment
complex at the atomic level. The retrieved binding information facilitates the optimization of fragments
into drug like molecules. These identified molecules bind efficiently with the target proteins and form
high quality binding interactions. Fragment-based screening using X-ray crystallography is, therefore,
an efficient method for identifying binding hotspots on proteins that can be further exploited by chemists
and biologists for the discovery of new drugs. The recent advancements in FBDD technique are
illustrated in this review along with recently published success stories of FBDD technique in drug discovery.
In Silico Assessment of ADME Properties: Advances in Caco-2 Cell Monolayer Permeability Modeling
Authors: Pham-The Hai , Cabrera-Pérez Miguel Á. , Nam Nguyen-Hai , Castillo-Garit Juan A. , Rasulev Bakhtiyor , Le-Thi-Thu Huong , Casañola-Martin Gerardo M.
Published: November 2018

One of the main goals of in silico Caco-2 cell permeability models is to identify those drug
substances with high intestinal absorption in human (HIA). For more than a decade, several in silico
Caco-2 models have been made, applying a wide range of modeling techniques; nevertheless, their capacity
for intestinal absorption extrapolation is still doubtful. There are three main problems related to
the modest capacity of obtained models, including the existence of inter- and/or intra-laboratory variability
of recollected data, the influence of the metabolism mechanism, and the inconsistent in vitro-in
vivo correlation (IVIVC) of Caco-2 cell permeability. This review paper intends to sum up the recent
advances and limitations of current modeling approaches, and revealed some possible solutions to improve
the applicability of in silico Caco-2 permeability models for absorption property profiling, taking
into account the above-mentioned issues.
Structure-Based Virtual Screening for the Identification of High Affinity Compounds as Potent VEGFR2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sharma Khushboo , Patidar Khushboo , Ali Meer Asif , Patil Pravin , Goud Himshikha , Hussain Tajamul , Nayarisseri Anuraj , Singh Sanjeev Kumar
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

Renal Cell Carcinoma is a common type of renal cancer-causing deaths worldwide
which is characterized by sustained angiogenesis. VEGF and its receptors play a major role in
physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis, which is marked in tumour progression and metastasis development.
Induction of VEGF genes occur due to hypoxic condition induced by tumour growth after a critical
size in cancerous cell. Signal transduction networks originated by VEGFA/VEGFR2, (a notable
ligand-receptor complex in the VEGF system) leads to major angiogenesis events ranging from endothelial
cell proliferation, to new vessel formation, Furthermore, differential expression of VEGF-VEGFR
mRNA also found in different types of RCC.

Aim:

The aim of present study is to inhibit the VEGFR2 protein by the action of certain inhibitors and
then to search an efficient inhibitor.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 23 potential inhibitors were searched and used to target the protein
using the concept of molecular docking. Among 23 inhibitors, CHEMBL346631 shows best affinity with
the target protein and was used for high throughput virtual screening to find similar compounds. The
compound obtained from virtual screeningSCHEMBL469307, shows much more better affinity with
VEGFR2 than CHEMBL346631.

Conclusion:

Relative study for both the compounds showed a minor difference in relevant properties. The
compound SCHEMBL469307 have a high potential to inhibit the VGFR2 protein and can be backed for
future studies in Renal Cell Carcinoma.
Long Term Outcome of Infants with NEC
Authors: Federici Silvana , De Biagi Lorenzo
Published: November 2018

:

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an important complication for premature newborns.
Infants who survive NEC have a greater possibility of poor long-term physiological and neurodevelopmental
growth.

:

The objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive description of the long-term consequences of
NEC. Despite the rise in incidence of NEC there is a scarcity of data regarding long-term outcomes
of these infants that can be divided into two groups. The first group includes gastrointestinal complications
that could occur in relation to the bowel disease, the surgical treatment and quality of the
residual bowel. These complications are strictures and short bowel syndrome (SBS).

:

Intestinal strictures are a common occurance after recovery from NEC that should be investigated
with a contrast study in case of suspicious clinical findings of bowel obstruction or before reversal
ostomy. After this diagnostic investigation, if a stricture is detected in a symptomatic patient, resection
of the affected loop of bowel with anastomosis is required. SBS is the result of a massive intestinal
resection or of a dysfunctional residual bowel and it can occur in a fourth of patients affected
by NEC.

:

The second group includes neurodevelopmental impairment and growth.

:

Infants with NEC is a population of patients at high risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes
whose cause can be multifactorial and linked to perinatal events, severity of disease, surgical treatment
and its complications and hospitalization. Understanding the morbidity of NEC with a longterm
follow-up would aid neonatologists and pediatric surgeons to make informed decisions in providing
care for these patients. Further research on this topic is needed.

:

Neurodevelopmental outcomes of patients after NEC recovery have not been widely reported.
Adverse Consequences of Right Ventricular Apical Pacing and Novel Strategies to Optimize Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function
Authors: Khurwolah Mohammad Reeaze , Yao Jing , Kong Xiang-Qing
Published: November 2018

Several studies have focused on the deleterious consequences of Right Ventricular Apical
(RVA) pacing on Left Ventricular (LV) function, mediated by pacing-induced ventricular
dyssynchrony. Therapeutic strategies to reduce the detrimental consequences of RVA pacing have
been proposed, that includes upgrading of RVA pacing to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
(CRT), alternative Right Ventricular (RV) pacing sites, minimal ventricular pacing strategies, as
well as atrial-based pacing. In developing countries, single chamber RV pacing still constitutes a
majority of cases of permanent pacing, and assessment of the optimal RV pacing site is of paramount
importance. In chronically-paced patients, it is crucial to maintain as close and normal LV
physiological function as possible, by minimizing ventricular dyssynchrony, reducing the chances
for heart failure and other complications to develop. This review provides an analysis of the deleterious
immediate and long-term consequences of RVA pacing, and the most recent available evidence
regarding improvements in pacing options and strategies to optimize LV diastolic and systolic
function. Furthermore, the place of advanced echocardiography in the identification of patients
with pacing-induced LV dysfunction, the potential role of a new predictor of LV dysfunction in
RV-paced subjects, and the long- term outcomes of patients with RV septal pacing will be explored.
Humanising Data through Sound: Res Extensae and a User-Centric Approach to Data Sonification
Authors: Lenzi Sara , Gleria Francesca
Published: November 2018

In this paper, starting from a case study (the mixed-media data sonification installation Res Extensae), we discuss a number of assumptions on the efficacy of sound as a means to represent and communicate numerical data. The discussion is supported by the results of a questionnaire aimed at validating our assumptions and conducted with fifteen of the participants to the experience. At the same time, we have the ambition to contribute to a wider debate on the value of data sonification. We introduce the first stage of a research on sonification as a design-driven, user-centred and multi-modal experience, in that closer to data design practices rather than to traditional composition and computer music. We describe the usage of physical objects to help users to put sounds and data into a wider context, improving the user experience and facilitating the comprehension and retention of the meaning of data.
Sonification and Science Pedagogy: Preliminary Experiences and Assessments of Earth Science Data Presented in an Undergraduate General Education Course
Authors: Ballora Mark , Roman Christopher , Pockalny Robert , Wishner Karen
Published: November 2018

This paper describes preliminary investigations into how sonifications of scientific graphs are perceived by undergraduate students in an introductory course in oceanography at the University of Rhode Island. The goal is to gather data that can assist in gauging students’ levels of engagement with sonification as a component of science education. The results, while preliminary, show promise that sonified graphs improve understanding, especially when they are presented in combination with visual graphs.
Sonification: A Prehistory
Authors: Worrall David
Published: November 2018

The idea that sound can convey information predates the modern era, and certainly the computational present. Data sonification can be broadly described as the creation, study and use of the non-speech aural representation of information to convey information. As a field of contemporary enquiry and practice, data sonification is young, interdisciplinary and evolving; existing in parallel to the field of data visualization. Drawing on older practices such as auditing, and the use of information messaging in music, this paper provides an historical understanding of how sound and its representational deployment in communicating information has changed. In doing so, it aims to encourage a critical awareness of some of the sociocultural as well as technical assumptions often adopted in sonifying data, especially those that have been developed in the context of Western music of the last half-century or so.
A Study of Exploratory Analysis in Melodic Sonification with Structural and Durational Time Scales
Authors: Tsuchiya Takahiko , Freeman Jason
Published: November 2018

Melodic sonification is one of the most common methods of sonification: data modulates the pitch of an audio synthesizer over time. This simple sonification, however, still raises questions about how we listen to a melody and perceive the motions and patterns characterized by the underlying data. We argue that analytical listening to such melodies may focus on different ranges of the melody at different times and discover the pitch (and data) relationships gradually over time and after repeated listening. To examine such behaviors in real-time listening to a melodic sonification, we conducted a user study employing interactive time and pitch resolution controls for the user. The study also examines the relationships of these changing time and pitch resolutions to perceived musicality. The results indicate a stronger general relationship between the time progression and the use of time-resolution control to analyze data characteristics, while the pitch resolution controls tend to have more correlation with subjective perceptions of musicality.
A játékosítás az emberi erőforrás területén, egy kreatív toborzási technika napjainkban
Authors: Kovács Tamás , Várallyai László
Published: November 2018

A legújabb eszközök és technológiai megoldások térnyerésével a netgeneráció avagy a Z generáció lételemévé vált az okoseszközök használata természetesen azonnali internetkapcsolattal. Ezzel egyidejűleg az IoT eszközök szerepe is a mindennapi életünk részévé vált és kiegészíti, olykor megkönnyíti dolgunk. Ennek oka, hogy egyre olcsóbbá válnak az eszközök az idő előrehaladtával és már nem luxuscikként tekintenek a szülők és fiatalok egy-egy technikai innovációra, hanem mint létszükséglet. Ezen generációk; az Y, a Z és az Alfa egyszerre jelenik meg a mai munkaerő piacon, amely komoly kihívás elé állítja a jövő HR vezetőit, toborzóit. Mivel generációs szakadék, tapasztalható köztük, így mind motivációs, mind pedig elvárás oldaláról, ezért egyre inkább felértékelődnek az újszerű megoldások ezen a területen. A tanulmány célja, hogy bemutassa a gamifikáció általi lehetőségeket és rávilágítson a fontosabb területeire mindamellett, hogy ismertebb példákon keresztül rávilágítson a „jó gyakorlatokra” a kreatív toborzás területén. Emellett a motivációra gyakorolt hatását és a flow- élmény kapcsolatára is igyekeztem rámutatni. A játékosítás módszer hazánkban is egyre elterjedtebb, mivel egyre fontosabb szerepet tölt be az üzleti életben és az oktatásban is. Az utóbbi években a különböző komoly játékok (serious games) alkalmazásával pedig már a HR toborzás és kiválasztás területén is több példa van, mellyel egyértelműen a fiatal generációk munkavállalóit igyekeznek elérni.
Description of two new species of the genus Aleuropleurocelus Drews & Sampson (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Mexico
Authors: Sánchez-Flores Oscar Ángel , Carapia-Ruiz Vicente Emilio
Published: November 2018

Aleuropleurocelus caudatus Sánchez-Flores and Carapia-Ruiz sp. nov. collected in Asunción Ixtaltepec, Oaxaca from the underside of leaves of Coccoloba uvifera, and Aleuropleurocelus bidentatus Sánchez-Flores and Carapia-Ruiz sp. nov. collected in Acapulco, Guerrero from the underside of leaves of Diospyros acapulcensis subsp. acapulcensis are described and illustrated. Figures of morphological structures of the puparia are provided, and differences from other Aleuropleurocelus species are discussed.
Bir Üniversite Hastanesinde Çalışan Hemşirelerin Hastane Enfeksiyonları Konusundaki Bilgi Düzeyleri
Authors: İNFAL Selma , ŞAHİN Tahir Kemal
Published: November 2018

Amaç: Hastane
Enfeksiyonu, günümüzde gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde, yüksek morbidite
ve mortalite nedeni olması ve oluşturduğu ekonomik sonuçlar nedeniyle önemli
bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Bu çalışma, bir üniversite hastanesinde hizmet
veren hemşirelerin hastane enfeksiyonları konusundaki bilgisinin değerlendirilmesi
amacıyla yapıldı.

Materyal-Metod:
Araştırmacılar tarafından literatür taranarak geliştirilen anket formu, konu ile ilgili soruları içeren iki bölümden
oluşmuştur. Birinci bölüm, araştırmaya katılanların sosyo-demografik
özellikleri ve çalışma durumlarını belirlemeye yönelik sorulardan oluşmaktadır.
İkinci bölümde ise, hastane enfeksiyonları konusundaki bilgi düzeylerinin
saptanmasına yönelik sorular yer almaktadır.

Bulgular:
Katılımcıların %36’sı hastane enfeksiyonları ile ilgili hizmet içi eğitim
programından geçtiğini ifade etmiştir. Katılımcıların %28’i hastane enfeksiyonları
ile ilgili bilgi düzeylerini “iyi” olarak değerlendirmiştir. Araştırma grubundaki
hemşirelerin hastane enfeksiyonlarına ilişkin bilgi sorularından aldıkları puan
ortalaması, toplam 100 puan üzerinden 39.24±10.87 puandır.

Sonuç:
Hemşirelerin hastane enfeksiyonlarının ve enfeksiyonu önlemedeki kendi rollerinin
önemini kavramış olmaları beklenir. Bu araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar,
hemşirelerin bu beklentiyi tam olarak karşılayamadıklarını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle,
hastane enfeksiyonlarının ortaya çıkmasını önlemek amacıyla hemşirelere yönelik
olarak hizmet içi eğitim programlarının düzenlenmesi ve bu programların sürekliliğinin
sağlanması gerekmektedir.
Fekal inkontinans ve hemşirelik yaklaşımı
Authors: Yılmaz Büşra , Aslan Ergül
Published: November 2018

Fekal inkontinans (Fİ),
katı veya sıvı haldeki feçesin istemsiz kaçırılmasıdır. Dünya’da milyonlarca
kadını etkileyen Fİ bireyi yalnızca fiziksel olarak değil, aynı zamanda sosyal,
psikolojik ve ekonomik olarak da olumsuz etkileyen patolojik bir durumdur. Fİ,
birey için açıklanması güç, utanç verici bir durum olarak görülebilmektedir.
Bireyler sık sık tuvalete gitme korkuları olduğundan oldukça kısıtlı bir sosyal
hayat yaşar. Fekal inkontinanslı bireyler sosyal izolasyon yaşar. Fekal
inkontinans toplumda bir tabu
olarak görülmesi sebebiyle sorunun saptanması ve değerlendirilmesinde
hemşirelere önemli rol ve sorumluluklar düşmektedir. Literatürde fekal
inkontinansın tanı ve tedavi yöntemleri ile ilgili birçok kaynak bulunmaktadır.
Bu derlemenin amacı, fekal inkontinansın nedenlerini, risk faktörlerini,
güncel tanı ve tedavi yöntemlerini incelemek ve hastalığın tedavisinde her
aşamasında aktif rol alan hemşirelerin sorumluluklarını ve rollerini
belirtmektir.
Eksistensi â€˜Urf dan Adat Kebiasaan Sebagai Dalil Fiqh
Authors: Sulfan Wandi Sulfan Wandi
Published: November 2018

Di antara sumber hukum yang masih diperselisihkan fuqaha kredibilitasnya adalah â€˜urf dan adat kebiasaan. Dalam hal â€˜urf dan adat kebiasaan sendiri masih diperselisihkan, ada yang menyamakan dan membedakannya. Penulis cenderung membedakanya. terdapat tiga argumentasi mengenai kehujjahan â€˜urf. Pertama, bahwa hukum Islam banyak menetapkan â€˜urf-â€™urf Arab pra Islam seperti kewajiban keluarga membayar diyat kepada ahli waris yang terbunuh dengan tersalah dan begitu juga aqad jual beli salam. Kedua, mengamalkan â€˜urf pada prinsipnya sejalan dengan firman Allah â€œwa maa jaâ€™alaa â€˜alaikum fiddiin man harajaâ€, karena meninggalkan kebiasaan adalah merupakan kebiasaan hal yang sulit bagi manusia. Ketiga, antusias para fuqaha menerima â€˜urf jauh lebih besar bila dibandingkan dengan al-masadir al-tabâ€™iyah al-aqliyah lainnya. Mayoritas ulama menjadikan â€˜urf sebagai hujjah dalam menetapkan hukum. Imam Hanafi menggunakan â€˜urf dalam berhujjah apabila tidak terdapat hukum dalam nash Qurâ€™an dan Hadith, Ijmaâ€™ dan qiyas dan Istihsan. Malikiyah meninggalkan qiyas apabila qiyas itu berlawanan dengan â€˜urf, mentakhshishkan yang umum dan mentaqyidkan yang mutlak. Syafiâ€™i menerima â€˜urf apabila â€˜urf tidak berlawanan dengan nash. Dari segi kehujjahannya Malikiyah membagi â€˜urf kepada tiga yaitu pertama â€˜urf yang diambil oleh semua ulama yaitu yang ditunjuki oleh nash, kedua â€˜urf yang jika diambil berarti mengambil sesuatu yang dilarang oleh syaraâ€™ atau meninggalkan sesuatu tugas syaraâ€™ (â€˜urf ini tidak ada nilainya), dan yang ketiga â€˜urf yang tidak dilarang dan yang tidak ditunjuki untuk mengamalkannya. Dan ulama Hanabilah menerima â€˜urf selama tidak bertentangan dengan nash. Sedangkan ulama Syiâ€™ah menerima â€˜urf dan memandangnya sebagai dalil hukum yang tidak mandiri, tetapi harus terkait dengan dalil lain yakni sunnah.
Korelasi Antara Bimbingan Pranikah dengan Perceraian di Kabupaten Nagan Raya (Studi Kasus di Kantor Urusan Agama Kec. Kuala Kab. Nagan Raya)Â¬
Authors: Gamal Achyar Gamal Achyar , Samsul Fata Samsul Fata
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebab terjadinya perceraian bagi mereka yang telah mengikuti bimbingan pranikah, serta bagaimana pengaruh bimbingan pranikah dengan faktor perceraian dalam keluarga yang pernah mengikuti bimbingan pranikah. Dalam tulisan ini, jenis penelitian yang digunakan terdiri dari dua macam, yaitu penelitian lapangan (field research) dan penelitian pustaka (libraby research). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif bersifat deskriptif-analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadinya perceraian bagi mereka yang telah mengikuti bimbingan pranikah karena pertama diakibatkan oleh faktor ekonomi, kurangnya tanggung jawab kepala keluarga terhadap nafkah untuk istri dan anak, terjadinya KDRT yang dimulai dari sifat ego, cemburu terhadap pasangan, banyak aturan dan lain sebagainya, dan faktor kurangnya pendidikan dan pemahaman agama bagi masyarakat yang telah menikah.Kemudian, bimbingan pranikah yang telah dilakukan oleh KUA sedikitnya memiliki pengaruh bagi pembinaan keluarga yang islami, mengingat waktu pelaksanaannya sedikit minim hanya dua hari saja, maka calon pengantin akan sukar memahami semua materi yang diberikan oleh KUA, seharusnya untuk mencapai hasil yang maksimal, bimbingan pranikah itu dilaksanakan paling sedikit membutuhkan waktu 1 bulan, karena dengan waktu yang demikian catin akan lebih memahami tentang materi yang diberikan oleh KUA tersebut.
Random mutagenesis and process optimization of bacterial co-culture for hyperproduction of 1,4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase using submerged fermentation
Authors: Abdullah Roheena , Kiran Samra , Iqtedar Mehwish , Kaleem Afshan , Saleem Faiza , Iftikhar Tehreema , Cheema Javaria , Naz Shagufta
Published: November 2018

The exponential increase in the application of 1,4-?-D-glucan glucanohydrolase (GGH) in various fields has placed stress and demand in both qualitative improvement and quantitative enhancement through strain improvement. In the present work, Bacillus subtilis LCBT-15 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LCBT-20 were subjected to physical as well as chemical mutagenesis for improving the GGH production potential. Applications of the UV light and ethidium bromide did not cause a significant increase in the enzyme production. However, Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) treated co-culture 10 gave 1.3-fold increase in the GGH production, in contrast to the wild co-culture. Different physicochemical parameters including fermentation media, rate of fermentation, temperature, pH, nitrogen and carbon sources and surfactants were also investigated. The M7 medium composition was optimized for GGH production after 48h of incubation at 37?C and pH 6. The optimum inoculum size was 3.5 ml (1x106 cells/ml) in 50 ml of medium. The best carbon and nitrogen sources were lactose (2.5 %); ammonium chloride (1.75 %) and beef extract (1 %), respectively. Optimal GGH production (287 U/ml) was obtained when the medium was supplemented with 0.05% Tween 80. The novelty of this work was exploration of the synergistic phenomena of mutant bacterial co-culture for the enhancement of GGH production.
The impact of the order of numerical schemes on slug flows modeling
Authors: Zolfaghary Azizi , Naghashzadegan Mohammad , Shokri Vahid
Published: November 2018

This paper aims to explore the impact of the order of numerical schemes on the simulation of two-phase slug flow with a two-fluid model initiation. The governing equations of the two-fluid model have been solved by a class of Riemann solver. The numerical schemes applied in this paper involve first-order (Lax-Friedrichs and Rusanov), second-order (Ritchmyer), and high-order (flux-corrected transport or FCT and total variance diminishing or TVD). The results suggest that the TVD and FCT are able to predict the slug initiation with high accuracy compared with experimental results. Lax-Friedrichs and Rusanov are both first-order schemes and have second-order truncation error. This second-order truncation error caused numerical diffusion in the solution field and could not predict the slug initiation with high accuracy in contrast to TVD and FCT schemes. Ritchmyer is a second-order scheme and has third-order truncation error. This third-order truncation error caused dispersive results in the solution field and was not a proper scheme.
Biologically inspired transport of solid spherical nanoparticles in an electrically-conducting viscoelastic fluid with heat transfer
Authors: Zeeshan Ahmed , Bhatti Mubashir , Ijaz Nouman , Bég Osman , Kadir Ali
Published: November 2018

Bio-inspired pumping systems exploit a variety of mechanisms including peristalsis to achieve more efficient propulsion. Non-conducting, uniformly dispersed, spherical nanosized solid particles suspended in viscoelastic medium forms a complex working matrix. Electromagnetic pumping systems often employ complex working fluids. A simulation of combined electromagnetic bio-inspired propulsion is observed in the present article. Currents formation has increasingly more applications in mechanical and medical industry. A mathematical study is conducted for MHD pumping of a bi-phase nanofluid coupled with heat transfer in a planar channel. Two-phase model is employed to separately identity the effects of solid nanoparticles. Base fluid employs Jeffery?s model to address viscoelastic characteristics. The model is simplified using long wavelength and creeping flow approximations. The formulation is taken to wave frame and non-dimensionalise the equations. The resulting boundary value problem is solved analytically, and exact expressions are derived for the fluid velocity, particulate velocity, fluid-particle temperature, fluid and particulate volumetric flow rates, axial pressure gradient and pressure rise. The influence of volume fraction density, Prandtl number, Hartmann number, Eckert number, and relaxation time on flow and thermal characteristics is evaluated in detail. The axial flow is accelerated with increasing relaxation time and greater volume fraction whereas it is decelerated with greater Hartmann number. Both fluid and particulate temperature are increased with increment in Eckert and Prandtl numbers, whereas it is reduced when the volume fraction density increases. With increasing Hartmann number pressure rise is reduced
Study of linear ablative rate of D6AC steel wing used on supersonic missile
Authors: Zhao Fei , Su Lanhai , Zhu Rong , Li Zhihui
Published: November 2018

The D6AC steel wing used on supersonic missile is the object in this study. Its service environment was generated and simulated. The ablation experiment of D6AC steel missile wing was carried out under different parameters of flow field. The ablation process of D6AC steel wing was studied and analyzed under the supersonic aerodynamic heating environment. The results show that the ablation process of D6AC steel missile wing could be divided into three stages: aerodynamic heating, oxidation reaction, and shear stripping. The influence factors of the D6AC, steel wing ablation include the total temperature, Mach number, oxygen content, and water content. The higher the total temperature is, the more early the initial ablation time of wing is. The linear ablative rate of the D6AC steel wing is the result of the interaction of the Mach number, oxygen content, and water content. The higher the Mach number is, the larger the oxygen content is, and the larger the linear ablative rate of missile wing is. The influence of water content on the linear ablative rate of D6AC steel wing is the opposite.
Heart transplantation in a patient with left ventricular assist device after pump thrombosis: The first case report in Serbia
Authors: Terzic Dusko , Putnik Svetozar , Nestorovic Emilija , Bilbija Ilija , Gojkovic-Bukarica Ljiljana , Jovicic Vladimir , Rajkovic Jovana , Ristic Miljko
Published: November 2018

Introduction. The device thrombosis is one of the most serious complications of the left ventricle assist device implantation with a high mortality and morbidity rate. Case report. A 59-year-old male was implanted by left ventricular assist device Heart Mate II as a bridge to transplantation seventeen months before the onset of a potentially fatal complication ? the thrombosis with the complete obstruction of the device. Despite the aggressive pharmacological treatment following the initial suspicion of the pump thrombosis, the patient condition got worse with the final ?pump off? alarm that marked the discontinuance of the pump work as a result of the complete obstruction by the thrombus. An appropriate occurrence of an adequate donor resulted in a successful surgical treatment ? the heart transplantation. Conclusion. The urgent heart transplantation by the first priority rank, or the device replacement, although technically extremely demanding procedures, are successful treatment options for these patients.
A Dollar for a Tree or a Tree for a Dollar? The Behavioral Effects of Measurement Basis on Managers' CSR Investment Decision
Authors: Church Bryan K. , Jiang Wei , Kuang Xi (Jason) , Vitalis Adam
Published: November 2018

We experimentally investigate how managers' decisions to invest discretionary resources in the company's corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives are affected by whether the investment decision is denominated in financial or nonfinancial measures (i.e., the measurement basis used for decision making). We posit that nonfinancial measures bring attention to the society-serving nature of CSR investments, thus activating the pro-CSR social norms of the company and managers' personal CSR norms. Norm activation, in turn, influences managers' investment decisions to the extent that social norms are congruent with personal norms. As predicted, we find that the level of CSR investment is higher under a nonfinancial measurement basis than under a financial measurement basis, but only when the manager is personally supportive of CSR. Supplemental analysis indicates that CSR-supportive managers continue to invest more under a combined financial/nonfinancial measurement basis than under a financial measurement basis only. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

JEL Classifications: C91; M41.
The Effects of Specialist Type and Estimate Aggressiveness on Jurors' Judgments of Auditor Negligence
Authors: Brown J. Owen , Grenier Jonathan H. , Pyzoha Jonathan S. , Reffett Andrew
Published: November 2018

We examine the effects of two critical factors auditors consider when auditing complex estimates, the decision to use a specialist and the relative aggressiveness of management's estimate, on jurors' auditor negligence assessments. Experiment 1 finds jurors view auditors' acceptance of a more aggressive estimate as more justifiable, and are thus less likely to find them negligent, when auditors consult with either internal or external specialists. However, these litigation benefits do not extend to audits of less aggressive estimates. Experiment 2 finds jurors are less likely to find auditors negligent when auditors use an external versus an internal specialist, due to greater perceptions of external specialist independence. We also find auditors accrue similar litigation benefits when an external specialist reviews the internal specialists' work. We conclude that utilizing external specialists, either to directly test complex estimates or to review internal specialists' work, limits auditors' litigation exposure when auditing relatively aggressive estimates.

JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M42.

Data Availability: Available upon request from the authors.
Auditors' Evaluation of Subsequent Events: The Effects of Prior Commitment and Type of Accountability
Authors: Phang Soon-Yeow , Fargher Neil L.
Published: November 2018

A judgment problem associated with auditing subsequent events is that auditors fail to adequately respond to subsequent events identified late in the audit. One possible source of this failure to respond could be that subsequent events are typically discovered near the end of the audit when the auditor has established an initial view regarding the fair presentation of the financial statements. Our first experiment provides evidence that auditors propose smaller audit adjustments to subsequent events following prior commitment when the control environment risk is low, relative to when there is no prior commitment. Our second experiment examines whether a requirement for process accountability can mitigate the effect of prior commitment on auditor judgment. We find that process accountability (a requirement to justify the processes leading to a decision), rather than outcome accountability (the need to justify a final decision), can effectively mitigate auditors' biases arising from prior commitment.
The Magnitude of Sales Change and Asymmetric Cost Behavior
Authors: Ciftci Mustafa , Zoubi Taisier A.
Published: November 2018

We investigate the impact of the magnitude of current sales changes on asymmetric cost behavior. We expect that managers are likely to consider small (large) current sales decreases as temporary (permanent). Therefore, they will be less (more) likely to cut costs for small (large) current sales decreases. Accordingly, we predict and find that, conditional on a prior sales increase, cost stickiness is greater for small current sales changes than for large current sales changes. In addition, prior research suggests that, conditional on a prior sales decrease, slack resources retained from the prior period might lead to cost anti-stickiness. We expect that slack resources retained from the prior period will have a greater (smaller) impact on cost behavior for small (large) current sales changes. Accordingly, we predict and find that, conditional on a prior sales decrease, cost anti-stickiness is greater for small current sales changes than for large current sales changes.

JEL Classifications: M41; M46; G12.
The substantiation of the integrative approach to law in the works of P.G. Vinogradov
Authors:   North Caucasus Branch of  Russian State University of Justice, Garaeva Galina Faizovna
Published: November 2018

The study looked at a synthetic technique for ana-lyzing the law by a well-known historian, lawyer P.G. Vinogradov, who proposed a holistic approach to law at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. P.G. Vinogradov substantiated the objective relationship between law and morality, focused on the social nature of law, and, accordingly, the uniform princi-ples of social regulators. The study discussed the significance of the addressees of legal rules and their psychological acceptance of the standards of conduct established by society in the works of P.G. Vinogradov. He made a great contribution to the creation of a synthetic approach to law, attempted to present a holistic view on law, and revealed the advantages and disadvantages of the dominant pos-itivist method. Besides, P.G. Vinogradov played an important role in the methodological development of an integrative approach to law. It proves the fact that his legacy is of particular relevance to modern theorists and philosophers of law.
Iraqi Kurdistan in the foreign policy of Israel: origin and modern developments
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Ikbal Durre
Published: November 2018

The study revealed the main characteristics of Isra-el’s policy towards Iraqi Kurdistan. In particular, the research demonstrated that originally Israel’s strate-gy for this part of Iraqi territory was limited to gain-ing tactical advantages in the face of confrontation with the Arab States. However, Israel gradually real-ized the importance of its relations with Iraqi Kurdi-stan. This was facilitated by people from the Kurdish lands in Israel, the growing threat of the Islamic State (illegal in Russia), and the build-up of trade and economic contacts (including the 2015 Oil Deal). Israel’s relationship with Iraqi Kurdistan had under-gone three stages throughout the entire period of Israel’s existence: the establishment of mutually beneficial relations on the basis of the struggle against the Iraqi political regime (1963–1975); the strategic lull caused by the change in Iran’s position in the region (1975/1979–1991); the restoration of relations with a focus on economic benefits rather than political expediency (since 1991).
China: the recurrence of a territorial dispute half a century later
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Matvienko Valentin Viktorovich
Published: November 2018

The Sino-Indian relationship is a complex system of contacts that are mainly characterized by drastic changes from friendly relations establishment to head-on military clashes. There is a positive trend in bilateral cooperation between India and China; how-ever, the armed border conflict of 1959–1962 stands apart as it has contributed to the development of the Indian Nuclear Program. Apart from the Sino-Indian War, which was remembered by the peoples of two Asian powers and included in university textbooks, there were other border conflicts between them that seemed not to pose a serious threat. In 1967, the constitutional monarchy of Sikkim (that is the most underpopulated and the second smallest state of India today (Goa is the smallest one)) faced the armed conflict between India and China, where about 400 people died. Sikkim being considered as an Indian territory was not de jure a part of the Indi-an states; it acquired this status only in 1975. In 2017, half a century later, two largest Asian countries found themselves in a situation of serious military confrontation again. The author examines the rea-sons for the Indian-Chinese border dispute in Sikkim and predicts the development of armed clashes in this region.
UPAYA DISASTER DIPLOMACY PEMERINTAH INDONESIA DI KONFLIK ACEH TAHUN 2005
Authors: Sudirman Arfin , Haryanto Naura Nabila
Published: November 2018

Bencana alam gempa bumi dan tsunami yang terjadi di Aceh tahun 2004 merupakan salah satu bencana alam terbesar yang terjadi di Indonesia. Selain itu, Aceh juga merupakan zona konflik yang dibatasi akses dengan komunitas internasional. Sejak tahun 1976 sampai tahun 2004, Aceh berfokus pada konflik berkepanjangan akibat usaha Pemerintah Indonesia dalam meredam perjuangan gerakan separatisme GAM. Namun, peristiwa bencana alam gempa bumi dan tsunami merupakan momentum titik balik konflik RI dengan GAM ke arah negosasi dan perdamaian yang menghasilkan Perjanjian Helsinski tahun 2005. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan Disaster Diplomacy dan metode kualitatif deskriptif analitis, artikel ini bertujuan untuk memahami upaya Pemerintah Indonesia memanfaatkan momentum bencana alam untuk mencapai perdamaian dengan GAM. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwasanya hambatan terhadap upaya diplomasi perdamaian di Aceh yang selama ini terjadi dapat dihilangkan akibat dampak destruktif bencana gempa bumi dan tsunami. Bencana ini membawa konflik mencapai titik jenuh hingga GAM tidak lagi memiliki posisi tawar yang kuat untuk memberontak kepada Pemerintah Indonesia. Sementara Pemerintah Indonesia pun sadar bahwa momentum ini dapat ‘dimanfaatkan’ untuk menyelesaikan konflik yang berlarut-larut.