bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface deployment of DAS systems: Coupling strategies and comparisons to geophone data
Authors: Harmon Nicholas , Rychert Catherine A. , Davis John , Brambilla Gilberto , Buffet William , Chichester Ben , Dai Yuhang , Bogiatzis Petros , Snook James , van Putten Lieke , Masoudi Ali
Published: August 2022

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems are a recent technological development for seismic observations over a broad range of frequencies with a wide variety of applications. Typically, fibre‐optic cables are buried underground or cemented into well casings where the cables are well‐coupled to the ground. Quick and temporary surface deployment of cables has great potential utility in areas where rapid surveying and minimal disturbance of the subsurface are desired. However, proper mechanical coupling between the fibre and the ground is still a challenge for temporary surface deployments. Here we test four different coupling strategies for a DAS system deployed in a grassy field, including uncoupled, pinned under tension to the ground, weighted down by carpeting, and weighted down by a sandbag. We compare the DAS data to vertical component geophone data and estimated horizontal geophone data to assess the fidelity of DAS ground motion recordings. We find a completely uncoupled fibre is capable of recording seismic energy up to ∼10 m away from the source, while the pinned and weighted fibre record signals over several tens of metres. The DAS recordings compare favourably with the estimated horizontal displacement records from the multi‐channel seismic system. There is a good agreement between the phase of the signals acquired by the DAS system with that of the geophones, but there is a mismatch of up to a factor of two in the absolute amplitude at some frequencies. We perform several standard analysis techniques, including refraction and multi‐channel analysis of surface waves, on the coupled DAS data. Finally, the instrument response of the coupled DAS data to ground motions is determined using the estimated horizontal component from the multi‐channel seismic system. Surface deployments of DAS systems provide a complementary set of observations to standard vertical geophone deployments, for instance, if multi‐component geophones are not available. Also, there are some advantages in speed and ease of deployment of DAS in comparison to geophones depending on the coupling strategy used.
Adding corrective exercises along with bracing for postural hyperkyphosis among adolescents: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gheitasi Mehdi , Bayattork Mohammad , Kolur Masoud Khorsandi
Published: August 2022

Background

Although most attention has been paid to the effectiveness of corrective exercises and bracing to improve thoracic hyperkyphosis, no study, to the best of our knowledge, has compared the effects of exercises plus bracing to bracing alone.

Objective

To compare the effect of corrective exercises and bracing and bracing alone on the Cobb angle of thoracic kyphosis.

Design

A parallel‐group, blinded, randomized, controlled trial.

Participants

The participants included 180 adolescents with thoracic hyperkyphosis who were randomized into corrective exercises plus bracing (N = 60), only bracing (N = 60), and a waitlist control group (N = 60).

Intervention

Intervention groups received their programs for 24 weeks, whereas the control group was placed on a waitlist for 6 months before receiving a delayed intervention.

Main Outcome Measurements

The primary outcome was change from baseline to 6 months in Cobb angle measured from standing lateral spine radiographs.

Results

Significant differences were observed in the Cobb angle of thoracic kyphosis between all groups at the posttest (p <.001). In post hoc analyses, we found significant differences between the corrective exercise plus bracing group (15.5° decline) and the bracing only group (8.8° decline), p <.001; both groups had bigger improvements than the control group, which increased by 1.2° (p <.001).

Conclusion

The combination of corrective exercises and bracing demonstrated better overall outcomes in Cobb angle compared to only bracing, as well as waitlist control in adolescents with thoracic hyperkyphosis.
Density functional theory model of Li–S electrochemical system with explicit solvation of lithium polysulfides by sulfolane
Authors: Ovchinnikov Mikhail Yur'evich , Kuzmina Elena Vladimirovna , Karaseva Elena Vladimirovna , Khursan Sergey Leonidovich , Kolosnitsyn Vladimir Sergeevich
Published: August 2022

The structure of lithium polysulfides has been studied using density functional theory. The thermodynamic characteristics of their most probable transformations in sulfolane (Sl) have been evaluated. Various models of lithium oxidation and reduction of sulfur are studied by the PBE1PBE/6–311 + G(d,p) approximation, considering the influence of the solvation environment by the IEF‐PCM. The most probable mechanism of sulfur reduction in the Li–S system is considered (Voltage vs. Li/Li+): (I) S8 + 2Li → Li2S8 (2.6 V), (II) Li2S8 + 2Li → 2Li2S4 (2.3 V), (III) Li2S4 + 2Li → 2Li2S2 (1.6 V), (IV) Li2S2 + 2Li → 2Li2S (1.3 V). It was shown that the potential of the reduction of sulfur compounds is substantially determined by the composition of the solvate complexes of lithium polysulfides. The solvate complex Li2S8·2Sl is the most stable in the form of a «broken crown». The preference of the fragmentation of Li2S8 into LiS4− and LiS4 upon electron transfer is shown using FMO theory.
Disseminated cryptococcosis in a renal transplant recipient
Authors: Ozawa Seira , Hanada Shigeo , Uruga Hironori , Ito Hiroyo , Nakahama Hiroshi , Ishikawa Narishige , Moriguchi Shuhei , Murase Kyoko , Miyamoto Atsushi , Hayashi Nobukazu , Takai Daiya
Published: August 2022

Key message

Skin cryptococcosis often manifests as an umbilicated papule, and chest computed tomography findings of multiple nodules and cavities are also characteristic. The combination of characteristic cutaneous manifestations and radiological findings can help clinicians make an “at‐a‐glance” diagnosis of disseminated cryptococcosis.
A simple approach to estimate unmatched disturbances for nonlinear nonautonomous systems
Authors: Nguyen Phuoc Doan , Nguyen Nam Hoai
Published: August 2022

In this work, an unmatched disturbance estimator using the time receding optimization principle is proposed for a class of multi‐input multi‐output nonlinear nonautonomous systems with unmatched disturbance in both continuous‐time and discrete‐time domains. Numerical simulations and comparison with existing method are performed to support the proposed method. The simulation results show that all the estimated disturbances converge to the unknown unmatched disturbances with a given estimation error.
Design and analysis of cluster randomized trials with time‐to‐event outcomes under the additive hazards mixed model
Authors: Blaha Ondrej , Esserman Denise , Li Fan
Published: August 2022

A primary focus of current methods for cluster randomized trials (CRTs) has been for continuous, binary, and count outcomes, with relatively less attention given to right‐censored, time‐to‐event outcomes. In this article, we detail considerations for sample size requirement and statistical inference in CRTs with time‐to‐event outcomes when the intervention effect parameter is specified through the additive hazards mixed model (AHMM), which includes a frailty term to explicitly account for the dependency between the failure times. First, we discuss improved inference for the treatment effect parameter via bias‐corrected sandwich variance estimators and randomization‐based test under AHMM, addressing potential small‐sample biases in CRTs. Next, we derive a new sample size formula for AHMM analysis of CRTs accommodating both equal and unequal cluster sizes. When the cluster sizes vary, our sample size formula depends on the mean and coefficient of variation of cluster sizes, based on which we articulate the impact of cluster size variation in CRTs with time‐to‐event outcomes. Furthermore, we obtain the insight that the classical variance inflation factor for CRTs with a non‐censored outcome can in fact apply to CRTs with a time‐to‐event outcome, providing that an appropriate definition of the intraclass correlation coefficient is considered under AHMM. Simulation studies are carried out to illustrate key design and analysis considerations in CRTs with a small to moderate number of clusters. The proposed sample size procedure and analytical methods are further illustrated using the context of the STrategies to Reduce Injuries and Develop Confidence in Elders CRT.
Structural and Molecular Packing study of Three New Amidophosphoric Acid Esters and Assessment of Their Inhibiting Activity Against SARS‐CoV‐2 by Molecular Docking
Authors: Heidari Nafiseh , Tarahhomi Atekeh , van der Lee Arie
Published: August 2022

Three new compounds of amidophosphoric acid esters with a [OCH2C(CH3)2CH2O]P(O)[X] segment (where X=cyclopentylamido (1), 2‐aminopyridinyl (2) and pyrrolidinyl (3)) were synthesized and studied using FT‐IR and 31P/13C/1H NMR spectroscopies and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The compounds crystallize in the triclinic space groups P
for 1 and 3 and in the orthorhombic space group Pca21 for 2, where the asymmetric unit consists of three symmetrically‐independent molecules for 1 and one molecule for 2 and 3. The intermolecular interactions and supramolecular assemblies are assessed by Hirshfeld surface analysis and enrichment ratios. The results reveal that the substituent effect plays an important role in directing the supramolecular structures. The presence of the aromatic substituent aminopyridine in 2 providing the C−H…π interactions leads to a larger variety in interactions including H…H, H…O/O…H, H…C/C…H and H…N/N…H contacts, whereas the packings of the compounds 1 and 3 bearing aliphatic substituents only include H…H and H…O/O…H contacts. The enrichment ratios affirm the importance of O…H/H…O contacts reflecting the hydrogen bond N−H…O interactions to be the enriched contacts. Compounds 1–3 were also investigated along with five similar reported structures with a [OCH2C(CH3)2CH2O]P(O) segment for their inhibitory behavior against SARS‐CoV‐2. The molecular docking results illustrate that the presence of the aromatic amido substituent versus the aliphatic type provides a more favorable condition for their biological activities.
Development of Synthetic Approaches Towards HIV Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs)
Authors: Sawant Ashwini Amol , Jadav Surender Singh , Nayani Kiranmai , Mainkar Prathama S.
Published: August 2022

A clear and precise report on synthetic methods for INSTIs and their intermediates are provided in the present work. HIV Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), a class of antiretroviral agents employed to treat HIV infected patients are placed as the second option of treatment after nucleosides. As INSTIs are employed as first line therapy to newly infected HIV positive individuals, thus synthetic routes must be easily accessible to the medicinal chemists towards lead optimization or process development. The current perspective elaborates synthetic routes of first to next generation INSTIs investigated in two decades of research and their development efforts. Further, drug resistance occurred by mutations against usage of INSTI drugs with respect to their generation also discussed. Later, discussion about synthetic development and investigation of next generation INSTIs against drug resistance HIV infections also covers to fill the gap between first/second generation INSTIs. The current perspective will draw attention of medicinal chemists and multi‐disciplinary researchers in HIV drug discovery.
Advances in Electrochemical Aptamer Biosensors for the Detection of Food‐borne Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Zhang Wensi , Cui Chuanjin , Chen Hongshuo , Liu Haibin , Bin Shao , Wang Dengling , Wang Yitao
Published: August 2022

The detection of harmful components in food is of paramount importance in the light of recent food safety incidents caused by foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Aptamer electrochemical biosensors are novel biosensors that use electrode modifications to immobilise aptamers, the biological recognition elements, and then use electrochemical techniques to detect the generated electrical signals. Compared with traditional detection methods, electrochemical aptamer sensors have the advantages of high specificity, high sensitivity, and low cost and have been widely used to detect hazardous components in food. This review summarises these sensors′ current research status and problems in detecting common foodborne pathogenic bacteria and provides an outlook on their development trends.
Catalyst‐Free Site‐Selective Diverse Functionalization of Inherent C–H Bonds in 1‐Aryl‐β‐carbolines, Norharmane and Harmine
Authors: Soni Jay Prakash , Kumawat Akshay , Sathish Manda , Yadav Sachin , Jadhav Nayan Arvind , Shankaraiah Nagula
Published: August 2022

A catalyst‐free, site‐selective diverse functionalization of latent C−H bonds in 1‐aryl‐β‐carbolines and natural norharmane and harmine has been accomplished. This method enables the functionalization of 1‐aryl‐β‐carbolines as C6‐chlorination, C6‐bromination, and C4‐nitration employing cost‐effective, eco‐friendly reagents such as trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA), N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) and tert‐butyl nitrite (TBN), respectively. Pleasingly, these catalyst‐/additive‐free strategies were suitable with a broad range of substrate functionalities of different electronic nature, providing moderate to good yields of functionalized 1‐aryl‐β‐carbolines. The critical/sensitive functionalities such as ‐CF3, ‐NO2, ‐CN, and 1‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐β‐carboline were successfully employed, offering corresponding C6‐halogenated or C4‐nitrated products without strain. Furthermore, site‐selective chlorination and bromination of two natural alkaloids such as harmine, norharmane were realized, resulting in corresponding halogenated products, including natural product eudistomin‐N. In addition, we also employed these products in further diversification through ‐NO2 reduction and Suzuki (C−C) coupling of brominated compounds to deliver a C6‐arylated product.
Synthesis, Characterization, Isoconversional Analysis and Degradation Kinetics of Novel Acetate Coated Hydroxyethyl Starch: A New Candidate as a Drug Carrier
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Azhar , Abbas Azhar , Rizwan Muhammad , Bashir Faheem , Kressler Joerg
Published: August 2022

The hydroxethyl starch (HES) is very trending biopolymer in biomedical field. In recent research we have successfully synthesized a novel ester of HES, i.e., HES‐acetate by acetylation of HES followed by investigation of its thermal behavior. The successful acetylation of HES was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Proton‐Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopic techniques. Thermal stability and thermal degradation kinetics of HES‐acetate were investigated by thermo‐gravimetric analysis. Flynn–Waal–Ozawa model was fitted to the thermal data to find the values of thermodynamic triplet (ΔS, ΔG and ΔE). Energy of activation (Ea) values of the major thermal degradation steps were found to be 242.85 and 287.17 kJ mol–1 for HES and HES‐acetate, respectively. The order of degradation, integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) and index of intrinsic thermal stability (ITS) were also taken into account. The results of the thermal analysis reveal that the HES‐acetate gained significant thermal stability as compared to that of HES. This benign polysaccharide‐based material was investigated for its potential in drug release studies by taking caffeine as a model drug. HES‐acetate‐based matrix tablets showed sustained release behavior of the drug indicating its potential for the development of oral delivery systems for sustained drug release.
The joint action of unfolded protein response, circZc3h4, and circRNA Scar in procymidone‐induced testicular injury in adolescent mice
Authors: Xin Bingyan , Yu Haiming , Li Rui , Wang Qing , Fu Hu , Yan Zhengli , Zhu Yongfei
Published: August 2022

Procymidone (PCM) is a low toxicity fungicide, and an endocrine‐disrupting chemical (EDC) that particularly damages the reproductive system of male vertebrates. In present study, adolescent mice in control, low‐, medium‐, and high‐dose groups were orally administered 0 (equal volume of soybean oil), 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day PCM, respectively, for 21 days. Additionally, a three‐dimensional culture of mouse testes was performed in vitro, and the control, low dose (0.33 × 10−5 M), medium dose (1 × 10−5 M), and high dose (3 × 10−5 M) PCM groups were established. We have found that, under both in vivo and in vitro conditions, all doses of PCM caused damage to mouse testes. Moreover, the levels of circZc3h4 RNA and Zc3h4 decreased while miR‐212 increased in all treatment groups, with a corresponding rise in circRNA Scar and fall in Atp5b, compared to those in the control group, and all the changes showed a dose–response relationship. Besides, we have identified that low doses of PCM could activate the Ire1‐Xbp1 pathway, whereas the medium and high doses activated the Perk‐Elf2α‐Atf4, Ire1‐Xbp1, and Atf6 pathways. And it is, therefore, speculated that the unfolded protein response (UPR), circZc3h4 and circRNA Scar may have taken joint action in testicular injury in adolescent mice induced by PCM at the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL, 100 mg/kg/day) and below NOAEL doses.
Pathogenesis and classification of Cesarean scar pregnancy: getting closer to the truth
Authors: OuYang Z. , Wu J. , Wan Z.
Published: August 2022

Linked article: This Correspondence comments on Jordans et al. Click here to view the article.
CRISPR applications for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: From animal models to potential therapies
Authors: Chey Yu C. J. , Arudkumar Jayshen , Aartsma‐Rus Annemieke , Adikusuma Fatwa , Thomas Paul Q.
Published: August 2022

CRISPR gene‐editing technology creates precise and permanent modifications to DNA. It has significantly advanced our ability to generate animal disease models for use in biomedical research and also has potential to revolutionize the treatment of genetic disorders. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a monogenic muscle‐wasting disease that could potentially benefit from the development of CRISPR therapy. It is commonly associated with mutations that disrupt the reading frame of the DMD gene that encodes dystrophin, an essential scaffolding protein that stabilizes striated muscles and protects them from contractile‐induced damage. CRISPR enables the rapid generation of various animal models harboring mutations that closely simulates the wide variety of mutations observed in DMD patients. These models provide a platform for the testing of sequence‐specific interventions like CRISPR therapy that aim to reframe or skip DMD mutations to restore functional dystrophin expression.

This article is categorized under:

Congenital Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics
Ground Joinability and Connectedness in the Superposition Calculus
Authors: Duarte André , Korovin Konstantin
Published: August 2022

Problems in many theories axiomatised by unit equalities (UEQ), such as groups, loops, lattices, and other algebraic structures, are notoriously difficult for automated theorem provers to solve. Consequently, there has been considerable effort over decades in developing techniques to handle these theories, notably in the context of Knuth-Bendix completion and derivatives. The superposition calculus is a generalisation of completion to full first-order logic; however it does not carry over all the refinements that were developed for it, and is therefore not a strict generalisation. This means that (i) as of today, even state of the art provers for first-order logic based on the superposition calculus, while more general, are outperformed in UEQ by provers based on completion, and (ii) the sophisticated techniques developed for completion are not available in any problem which is not in UEQ. In particular, this includes key simplifications such as ground joinability, which have been known for more than 30 years. In fact, all previous completeness proofs for ground joinability rely on proof orderings and proof reductions, which are not easily extensible to general clauses together with redundancy elimination. In this paper we address this limitation and extend superposition with ground joinability, and show that under an adapted notion of redundancy, simplifications based on ground joinability preserve completeness. Another recently explored simplification in completion is connectedness. We extend this notion to “ground connectedness” and show superposition is complete with both connectedness and ground connectedness. We implemented ground joinability and connectedness in a theorem prover, iProver, the former using a novel algorithm which we also present in this paper, and evaluated over the TPTP library with encouraging results.
Connection-Minimal Abduction in $$\mathcal {EL}$$ via Translation to FOL
Authors: Haifani Fajar , Koopmann Patrick , Tourret Sophie , Weidenbach Christoph
Published: August 2022

Abduction in description logics finds extensions of a knowledge base to make it entail an observation. As such, it can be used to explain why the observation does not follow, to repair incomplete knowledge bases, and to provide possible explanations for unexpected observations. We consider TBox abduction in the lightweight description logic $$\mathcal {EL}$$
EL
, where the observation is a concept inclusion and the background knowledge is a TBox, i.e., a set of concept inclusions. To avoid useless answers, such problems usually come with further restrictions on the solution space and/or minimality criteria that help sort the chaff from the grain. We argue that existing minimality notions are insufficient, and introduce connection minimality. This criterion follows Occam’s razor by rejecting hypotheses that use concept inclusions unrelated to the problem at hand. We show how to compute a special class of connection-minimal hypotheses in a sound and complete way. Our technique is based on a translation to first-order logic, and constructs hypotheses based on prime implicates. We evaluate a prototype implementation of our approach on ontologies from the medical domain.
Semantic Relevance
Authors: Haifani Fajar , Weidenbach Christoph
Published: August 2022

A clause C is syntactically relevant in some clause set N, if it occurs in every refutation of N. A clause C is syntactically semi-relevant, if it occurs in some refutation of N. While syntactic relevance coincides with satisfiability (if C is syntactically relevant then $$N\setminus \{C\}$$

N
\
{
C
}

is satisfiable), the semantic counterpart for syntactic semi-relevance was not known so far. Using the new notion of a conflict literal we show that for independent clause sets N a clause C is syntactically semi-relevant in the clause set N if and only if it adds to the number of conflict literals in N. A clause set is independent, if no clause out of the clause set is the consequence of different clauses from the clause set.

Furthermore, we relate the notion of relevance to that of a minimally unsatisfiable subset (MUS) of some independent clause set N. In propositional logic, a clause C is relevant if it occurs in all MUSes of some clause set N and semi-relevant if it occurs in some MUS. For first-order logic the characterization needs to be refined with respect to ground instances of N and C.
Term Orderings for Non-reachability of (Conditional) Rewriting
Authors: Yamada Akihisa
Published: August 2022

We propose generalizations of reduction pairs, well-established techniques for proving termination of term rewriting, in order to prove unsatisfiability of reachability (infeasibility) in plain and conditional term rewriting. We adapt the weighted path order, a merger of the Knuth–Bendix order and the lexicographic path order, into the proposed framework. The proposed approach is implemented in the termination prover , and the strength of our approach is demonstrated through examples and experiments.
Actions over Core-Closed Knowledge Bases
Authors: Cauli Claudia , Ortiz Magdalena , Piterman Nir
Published: August 2022

We present new results on the application of semantic- and knowledge-based reasoning techniques to the analysis of cloud deployments. In particular, to the security of Infrastructure as Code configuration files, encoded as description logic knowledge bases. We introduce an action language to model mutating actions; that is, actions that change the structural configuration of a given deployment by adding, modifying, or deleting resources. We mainly focus on two problems: the problem of determining whether the execution of an action, no matter the parameters passed to it, will not cause the violation of some security requirement (static verification), and the problem of finding sequences of actions that would lead the deployment to a state where (un)desirable properties are (not) satisfied (plan existence and plan synthesis). For all these problems, we provide definitions, complexity results, and decision procedures.
Hypergraph-Based Inference Rules for Computing $$\mathcal{EL}\mathcal{}^+$$-Ontology Justifications
Authors: Yang Hui , Ma Yue , Bidoit Nicole
Published: August 2022

To give concise explanations for a conclusion obtained by reasoning over ontologies, justifications have been proposed as minimal subsets of an ontology that entail the given conclusion. Even though computing one justification can be done in polynomial time for tractable Description Logics such as $$\mathcal{EL}\mathcal{}^+$$

EL

+

, computing all justifications is complicated and often challenging for real-world ontologies. In this paper, based on a graph representation of $$\mathcal{EL}\mathcal{}^+$$

EL

+

-ontologies, we propose a new set of inference rules (called H-rules) and take advantage of them for providing a new method of computing all justifications for a given conclusion. The advantage of our setting is that most of the time, it reduces the number of inferences (generated by H-rules) required to derive a given conclusion. This accelerates the enumeration of justifications relying on these inferences. We validate our approach by running real-world ontology experiments. Our graph-based approach outperforms PULi [14], the state-of-the-art algorithm, in most of cases.
Sequent Calculi for Choice Logics
Authors: Bernreiter Michael , Lolic Anela , Maly Jan , Woltran Stefan
Published: August 2022

Choice logics constitute a family of propositional logics and are used for the representation of preferences, with especiallyqualitative choice logic(QCL) being an established formalism with numerous applications in artificial intelligence. While computational properties and applications of choice logics have been studied in the literature, only few results are known about the proof-theoretic aspects of their use. We propose a sound and complete sequent calculus for preferred model entailment in QCL, where a formula Fis entailed by a QCL-theory Tif Fis true in all preferred models of T. The calculus is based on labeled sequent and refutation calculi, and can be easily adapted for different purposes. For instance, using the calculus as a cornerstone, calculi for other choice logics such asconjunctive choice logic(CCL) can be obtained in a straightforward way.
Synthetic Tableaux: Minimal Tableau Search Heuristics
Authors: Sochański Michał , Leszczyńska-Jasion Dorota , Chlebowski Szymon , Tomczyk Agata , Jukiewicz Marcin
Published: August 2022

We discuss the results of our work on heuristics for generating minimal synthetic tableaux. We present this proof method for classical propositional logic and its implementation in Haskell. Based on mathematical insights and exploratory data analysis we define heuristics that allows building a tableau of optimal or nearly optimal size. The proposed heuristics has been first tested on a data set with over 200,000 short formulas (length 12), then on 900 formulas of length 23. We describe the results of data analysis and examine some tendencies. We also confront our approach with the pigeonhole principle.
Decision Problems in a Logic for Reasoning About Reconfigurable Distributed Systems
Authors: Bozga Marius , Bueri Lucas , Iosif Radu
Published: August 2022

We consider a logic used to describe sets of configurations of distributed systems, whose network topologies can be changed at runtime, by reconfiguration programs. The logic uses inductive definitions to describe networks with an unbounded number of components and interactions, written using a multiplicative conjunction, reminiscent of Bunched Implications [37] and Separation Logic [39]. We study the complexity of the satisfiability and entailment problems for the configuration logic under consideration. Additionally, we consider the robustness property of degree boundedness (is every component involved in a bounded number of interactions?), an ingredient for decidability of entailments.
Clause Redundancy and Preprocessing in Maximum Satisfiability
Authors: Ihalainen Hannes , Berg Jeremias , Järvisalo Matti
Published: August 2022

The study of clause redundancy in Boolean satisfiability (SAT) has proven significant in various terms, from fundamental insights into preprocessing and inprocessing to the development of practical proof checkers and new types of strong proof systems. We study liftings of the recently-proposed notion of propagation redundancy—based on a semantic implication relationship between formulas—in the context of maximum satisfiability (MaxSAT), where of interest are reasoning techniques that preserve optimal cost (in contrast to preserving satisfiability in the realm of SAT). We establish that the strongest MaxSAT-lifting of propagation redundancy allows for changing in a controlled way the set of minimal correction sets in MaxSAT. This ability is key in succinctly expressing MaxSAT reasoning techniques and allows for obtaining correctness proofs in a uniform way for MaxSAT reasoning techniques very generally. Bridging theory to practice, we also provide a new MaxSAT preprocessor incorporating such extended techniques, and show through experiments its wide applicability in improving the performance of modern MaxSAT solvers.
Lebensphase Übergang in den Ruhestand mit IKT
Authors: Schiff Sonja
Published: August 2022

Mit dem Projekt Fit4AAL wurde ein Bewegungsprogramm entwickelt, mit dem Ziel Menschen jenseits der 60 bei einem gesunden und aktiven Älterwerden zu unterstützen. Konkret richtete sich das Projekt an Menschen am Übergang in den Ruhestand. Im nachfolgenden Artikel wird deshalb der Pensionsantritt als das Leben verändernde Ereignis dargestellt, wie die Themen Gesundheit und IKT. Außerdem wird die Rolle der gerontologischen Expertise im Projekt erörtert.
„Fit-mit-ILSE“ für Senior*innen: User-Centred Design Prozess und Prototyp des Active and Assisted Living Systems
Authors: Schneider Cornelia , Venek Verena , Rieser Harald , Jungreitmayr Sonja , Trukeschitz Birgit
Published: August 2022

Fitness-Apps gibt es viele. Auf die Bedürfnisse älterer Menschen sind nur wenige zugeschnitten. Dieser Beitrag stellt den Innovationsprozess vor, der die Entwicklung des app-basierten Bewegungsprogramms für älterer Menschen „Fit-mit-ILSE“ geleitet hat. Von der Idee bis zum Prototyp werden jene Schritte beschrieben, die zu richtungsweisenden Impulsen durch potenzielle Nutzer*innen für die Entwicklung von „Fit-mit-ILSE“ führten.
ILSE bewegt? Eine IKT-gestützte Bewegungsintervention für 60+
Authors: Ring-Dimitriou Susanne , Pühringer Martin
Published: August 2022

Um dasaktive Alterndurch Bewegung und Sport zu unterstützen, stehen heute zahlreiche Fitness-Apps und Wearables (z. B.: Aktivitätstracker) zur Verfügung. Wissenschaftlich betrachtet ist der Nachweis nicht eindeutig erbracht, ob diese Anwendungen das Bewegungsverhalten verbessern können.

Mit dem Projekt Fit-mit-ILSE sind wir dieser Frage bei Personen im Alter von 60 bis 75 Jahren nachgegangen. Es zeigte sich, dass die einer Testgruppe über 14 Wochen zur Verfügung gestellte ILSE-App zu einem signifikanten Bewegungsanstieg gegenüber einer Kontrollgruppe geführt hatte. Der Effekt war mittelstark ausgeprägt, da die App nicht von allen in der TG genutzt wurde. Die tatsächliche Nutzung zu erhöhen bleibt eine Herausforderung für die IKT-basierte Gesundheitsförderung und für die Forschung.
Die Bedeutung von eHealth-Dienstleistungen in dünnbesiedelten Regionen für die Sicherung von Lebenszufriedenheit im Alter. Ein Beispiel aus Nordschweden
Authors: Koch Andreas
Published: August 2022

Dünnbesiedelte Regionen stehen vor der Herausforderung, ihre soziale Infrastruktur nachhaltig aufrechtzuerhalten. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Versorgung mit Gesundheitsdienstleistungen. Der Beitrag skizziert diese Herausforderungen am Beispiel des Krankenhauses in Storuman, Provinz Västerbotten, anhand der Errichtung von Virtual Health Rooms in kleinen Ortschaften.
Media Usage Behaviors of Learners in ODDE
Authors: Bong Ji Yae , Liu Zhichun
Published: August 2022

In the digital era and with the prevalence of media usage in open, distance, and digital education, learners increasingly use media to facilitate their learning in various ways. Media usage in today’s learning environment ranges from watching a video or listening to a podcast to annotating a digital book collaboratively or sharing thoughts on Twitter. Learners demonstrate diverse media usage behaviors under different settings for different purposes. The goal of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of learners’ media usage in open, distance, and digital education settings. In this chapter, the authors first review the development of media usage in open, distance, and digital education, as well as learner media usage behavior as a research-agenda shift from a contemporary research and practice perspective. Next, the diverse learner typologies regarding media usage behaviors, as well as research on learner media usage and its implications, are discussed. The chapter concludes with an outlook on media usage in open, distance, and digital education and research directions in the near future. Understanding learners’ media usage will guide research on how to promote learning with the facilitation of media and provide insights into the design and development of future open, distance, and digital education.
Zeros and approximations of Holant polynomials on the complex plane
Authors: Casel Katrin , Fischbeck Philipp , Friedrich Tobias , Göbel Andreas , Lagodzinski J. A. Gregor
Published: August 2022

We present fully polynomial time approximation schemes
for a broad class of Holant problems with complex edge weights, which
we call Holant polynomials. We transform these problems into partition
functions of abstract combinatorial structures known as polymers
in statistical physics. Our method involves establishing zero-free regions
for the partition functions of polymer models and using the most
significant terms of the cluster expansion to approximate them.
Results of our technique include new approximation and sampling algorithms
for a diverse class of Holant polynomials in the low-temperature
regime (i.e. small external field) and approximation algorithms for general
Holant problems with small signature weights. Additionally, we
give randomised approximation and sampling algorithms with faster
running times for more restrictive classes. Finally, we improve the
known zero-free regions for a perfect matching polynomial.
Proximale Varisationsosteotomie des Femurs beim Morbus Perthes
Authors: Krátký Adam , Kraus Manuel Johannes , Krieg Andreas H.
Published: August 2022

Operationsziel

Die proximale femorale Varisationsosteotomie (PVO) ist eine chirurgische Technik zur Rezentrierung des Hüftkopfes, sofern es bspw. im Rahmen der ablaufenden Legg-Calvé-Perthes(LCPD)-Krankheit zur Subluxation gekommen ist.

Indikationen

Bis anhin existieren keine einheitlichen Indikationskriterien für die Containment-Therapie bei LCPD-Patienten. Einzelne, für die Deformitätsentwicklung prädiktive radiologische Faktoren, Alter bei Diagnosestellung oder Symptombeginn und Klassifikationen, welche die Pathomorphologie des Femurkopfes bezogen auf die Nekrose beschreiben, können die Indikationsstellung erleichtern.

Kontraindikationen

Die absolute Kontraindikation stellt die Entwicklung eines Scharniergelenkes dar (Hinge-Abduktion). Bleibt der Femurkopf in einer Abduktionsröntgenaufnahme von 20° auch in Abwesenheit einer Hinge-Abduktion dezentriert oder besteht ein Total-Kopf-Befall, ergibt sich ebenfalls eine Kontraindikation. Relativ kontraindiziert ist die PVO bei Kindern mit Beginn der Erkrankung < 6 Jahren, in der Lateral-Pillar-Klassifikation Gruppe A soiwe bei I und II nach Catterall.

Operationstechnik

Lateraler Standardzugang zum proximalen Femur. Platzieren des Anteversions-K-Drahtes ventral des Schenkelhalses. Weitere K-Drähte werden parallel mithilfe von Positionierinstrumenten in den Schenkelhals eingebracht. Der optimale Bereich für die Osteotomie wird aufgesucht. Für die Vereinfachung der Manipulation des distalen Fragments und als Referenz für die Derotation werden am Femurschaft weitere K‑Drähte eingebracht. Nach Femurosteotomie erfolgt proximales Fixieren der Platte durch sukzessives Auswechseln der K‑Drähte gegen winkelstabile Schrauben. Die interfragmentäre Kompression erzeugt eine exzentrisch positionierte Kortikalisschraube im mittleren distalen Plattenloch. Die weitere distale Fixation der Platte erfolgt mit winkelstabilen Schrauben. Auswechseln der Kortikalisschraube gegen eine weitere winkelstabile Schraube. Alternativ zur hier beschriebenen winkelstabilen Technik wurde früher meist mittels Winkelplatte korrigiert.

Weiterbehandlung

Mobilisation unter Abrollbelastung an 2 Gehstöcken über 6 Wochen. Röntgenkontrolle und bei genügender Knochenkonsolidation Steigerung der Belastung. Implantatentfernung nach 9 bis 12 Monaten. Rückkehr zum Sport ab 3 Monaten.

Ergebnisse

Die PVO ist eine in der Behandlung von LCPD nahezu seit 60 Jahren angewendete und weltweit etablierte chirurgische Technik. Durch ein stetig wachsendes Verständnis der Grunderkrankung wird einerseits die Indikationsstellung für operative Interventionen optimiert. Andererseits tragen neue Implantate zur Verbesserung der klinisch-radiologischen Resultate und Verringerung von Komplikationen während und nach Operation bei.
It is not NOD2 — genetic and clinical risk factors for postoperative complications following ileocolic resection in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Schardey Josefine , Zehl Sophie , Kappenberger Alina S. , Zimmermann Petra , Beigel Florian , Schiergens Tobias S. , Kasparek Michael S. , Kühn Florian , Werner Jens , Wirth Ulrich
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the role of the nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) mutation status and other risk factors for the incidence of postoperative complications after ileocolic resection for Crohn’s disease (CD).

Methods

Data of 138 patients consecutively undergoing ileocolic resection for CD at a tertiary academic referral center were retrospectively analyzed including single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data of the NOD2 gene. Uni- and multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with increased risk of severe postoperative complications.

Results

From 114 patients (83%), the NOD2 mutation status was available. Of these, 60 (53%) had a NOD2 wildtype, whereas eleven (10%) were homozygous for the high risk p.Leu1007fsX1008 (rs2066847) variant. Major postoperative complications occurred in 28 patients (20%). Twenty-seven of these (96%) were intraabdominal septic complications such as anastomotic leakage or abscess. Male gender (P = 0.029; OR 3.052, the duration of CD (time [months] from initial diagnosis of CD to surgery; P = 0.001; OR 1.009), previous abdominal surgery for CD (P = 0.017; OR 3.49), and the presence of enteric fistulas (P = 0.023; OR 3.21) were identified as independent risk factors for major postoperative complications. Homozygosity for the NOD2 high-risk variant p.Leu1007fsX1008 did not show increased postoperative morbidity in the short and long-term outcome.

Conclusions

We could detect independent risk factors for major postoperative complications after ileocolic resection for Crohn’s disease. However, patients with the high-risk variant p.Leu1007fsX1008 of the NOD2 gene did not show increased postoperative morbidity.
Need for adjuvant radiotherapy in oral cancer: depth of invasion rather than tumor diameter
Authors: Riemenschnitter Cosima E. , Morand Grégoire B. , Schouten Charlotte S. , Rupp Niels J. , Balermpas Panagiotis , Gander Thomas , Broglie Däppen Martina A.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The 8th edition of the TNM Cancer Staging Manual incorporates depth of invasion (DOI) into the pathologic tumor classification for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSSC). While deep invading tumors with small tumor diameters (TD) have been categorized as early stage tumors in the 7th edition, they are now upstaged, potentially influencing the decision to initiate adjuvant radiotherapy (RT).

Methods

OSCC patients surgically treated with curative intent between 2010 and 2019 were consecutively included. Tumors were staged based on TD only (according to the 7th edition TNM Cancer Staging Manual), then restaged based solely on DOI.

Results

Of the 133 included patients, 58 patients (43.6%) had a different pT-stage when using DOI instead of TD for staging (upstaging in 23.3%). Overall survival (OS) was significantly worse in patients who were upstaged with DOI. In addition, stratification by adjuvant RT showed significant worse OS in upstaged patients without receiving adjuvant RT.

Conclusions

DOI seems to be an import indicator for adjuvant RT in OSCC-patients.
Exposure to solar UV radiation of Polish teenagers after the first COVID-19 lockdown in March–April 2020
Authors: Czerwińska A. , Krzyścin J.
Published: August 2022

In Poland, schools were closed from March to June 2020 due to the COVID-19 epidemic. During the lockdown (March–April), everyone was advised to stay at home. From May, students were allowed to spend time outdoors. We examine their exposure to solar UV radiation during the period of virtual learning at schools (May–June), vacations (July–August) and the first month of typical learning (September). Primary and high school students aged 12–18 completed a questionnaire on the details of their outdoor activities and the weather at the exposure site. A total of 146 anonymous questionnaires were registered for the study. The survey responses provided input to a radiative transfer model to estimate erythemal and vitamin D doses obtained by teenagers during outdoor activities. The results from 48% of the questionnaires indicated that students’ exposure exceeded 1 minimal erythema dose (MED) during the day. Corresponding doses of sun-synthesized vitamin D, in excess of 1000 international units (IU) and 2000 IU, were found in 77% and 66% of the surveys, respectively. Only 12% of the teenagers declared that they use sunscreen. The overexposure (> 1 MED) increased with age. It was found in 72% and 26% of surveys among the students aged 17–18 and 12–14, respectively. Teenagers seem to have tried to compensate for the lack of sunlight during the lockdown by engaging in outdoor activities permitted since May. While those activities could have improved their vitamin D levels, they also put them at a higher risk of developing erythema.
Social cognition and metacognition in great apes: a theory
Authors: Tomasello Michael
Published: August 2022

Twenty-five years ago, at the founding of this journal, there existed only a few conflicting findings about great apes’ social-cognitive skills (theory of mind). In the 2 ½ decades since, we have discovered that great apes understand the goals, intentions, perceptions, and knowledge of others, and they use this knowledge to their advantage in competitive interactions. Twenty-five years ago there existed basically no studies on great apes’ metacognitive skills. In the 2 ½ decades since, we have discovered that great apes monitor their uncertainty and base their decisions on that, or else decide to gather more information to make better decisions. The current paper reviews the past 25 years of research on great ape social cognition and metacognition and proposes a theory about how the two are evolutionarily related.
Assessing Adolescents’ Information Management with Mothers and Fathers: A Brief Report
Authors: Jiménez-Iglesias Antonia , García-Moya Irene , Moreno Carmen
Published: August 2022

Adolescents’ information management is a fundamental topic for research on adolescence, with numerous studies using Kerr and Stattin’s (2000; Stattin & Kerr, 2000) scale or adapted versions from this tool for the assessment of this key dimension of parent-child relationships. Although this measure was initially considered to be a unidimensional scale assessing disclosure, studies later suggested a two-factor structure, making a distinction between disclosure and secrecy. The objective of this study is to analyse the factorial structure of Kerr and Stattin’s (2000) original scale of routine disclosure, including a separate analysis of the scale functioning when used to assess information management with mothers and with fathers. Participants came from a representative sample of Spanish adolescents aged 11–18 years old who had taken part in the 2014 edition of the WHO-collaborative survey Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed using EQS 6.1 to compare two competing factorial structures based on the literature: one factor vs two correlated factors. Results showed that the two correlated-factors structure had a better fit to the data, both for the analysis of the maternal and paternal scales. However, one of the disclosure items also loaded on secrecy, which can be attributed to the item content. Therefore, although our results further support the differentiation between disclosure and secrecy, they also point to a possible effect of the imbalance of item content in this scale functioning, which requires attention in future research.
State Changes: Prototypical Governance Figured and Prefigured
Authors: Johns Fleur
Published: August 2022

My 2019 article ‘From Planning to Prototypes: New Ways of Seeing Like a State’ (P2P) drew attention to some shortcomings of the kinds of critical, reformist impulses fostered in law and development work. I sought to show that persistent preoccupations with the destructive hubris of ‘top-down’ planning—especially state planning—bypassed the tendency for great power to be deployed in other stylistic modes: through the release and responsive tweaking of prototypes, for instance. This article engages with later developments—at one of P2P’s main field sites and scholarly literature in dialogue with P2P—to build upon the analysis therein. It elaborates on the kinds of power animated through prototyping, showing how prototyping is often combined with other governance styles and what it makes of the inputs on which law has typically been said to draw and of law’s claims to autonomy. It complicates the provenance of this style by reference to mid-to-late-twentieth century UN sanctions regimes, highlighting that governance prototyping is as much state-made as business-led and not restricted to the development field. With particular attention to the strangeness of the human user presupposed by prototyping, this article also aims to identify some modes of critical engagement to which this governance style might be answerable.