bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxocara canis Larval Migration Causing Verminous Pneumonia in Fading Puppies From 2 Scottish Terrier Litters
Authors: Buckle Kelly N. , Hardcastle Michael R. , Scott Ian , Craig Linden E. , French Adrienne , Gedye Kristene , Collett Mark Grey
Published: May 2019

Migration of vertically transmitted Toxocara canis larvae through the liver and lungs is poorly documented as a cause of periparturient mortality in puppies. This case series describes 4 cases of fading puppies in 2 litters from 2 different bitches owned by the same breeder. Of the 4 cases, 4 had verminous pneumonia, 2 had fibrinoid necrosis of pulmonary arterioles, 4 had hepatic necrosis and inflammation, 2 had hepatic thrombophlebitis, and 1 had tracheal occlusion. These lesions were associated with migrating nematode larvae morphologically consistent with T. canis. The identity of the larvae was confirmed by sequencing of a portion of the ITS-2 region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The tissues involved are consistent with the known migration pathways of this parasite. The dam of the first litter was negative for Toxocara spp. and other intestinal parasites by fecal floatation. This report highlights the need to consider T. canis migration in the differential diagnosis of fading puppies.
Improvement of aerodynamic performance of a small wind turbine
Authors: Khalil Yassine , Tenghiri Lhoussaine , Abdi Farid , Bentamy Anas
Published: May 2019

The aerodynamic performance of horizontal-axis wind turbines is strongly dependent on many parameters, among which the airfoil type and the blade geometry (mainly defined by the chord and the twist distributions) are considered the most critical ones. In this article, an approach giving the appropriate airfoil for a small wind turbine design was conducted by performing an aerodynamic improvement of the blade’s airfoil. First, a preliminary design of the rotor blades of a small wind turbine (11 kW) was conducted using the small wind turbine rotor design code. This preliminary approach was done for different airfoils, and it resulted in a maximum power coefficient of 0.40. Then, the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine was improved by modifying the geometry of the airfoils. This technique targets the optimization of the lift-to-drag ratio (Cl/Cd) of the airfoil within a range of angles of attack. Also, a non-uniform rational B-spline approximation of the airfoil was adopted in order to reduce the number of the design variables of the optimization. This methodology determined the best airfoil for the design of a small wind turbine, and it gave an improved power coefficient of 0.42.
Herbal medicines and pregnancy: A narrative review and anaesthetic considerations
Authors: Kam Peter CA , Barnett Denise WY , Douglas Ian D
Published: May 2019

The use of herbal medicines by pregnant women varies among different countries, ranging from 4.3% in Sweden to 69% in Russia. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the benefits and safety of common herbal medicines used during pregnancy. A systematic literature search (from 1995 to February 2018) was performed using a variety of electronic databases. The levels of evidence of the clinical studies were graded using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine levels of evidence guidelines. From the 736 articles retrieved, 69 articles were used for this review. Ginger has been investigated extensively and has been consistently found to decrease nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy (Level 2). There is insufficient evidence concerning the efficacy of other herbal medicines such as garlic, cranberry and raspberry in pregnancy (Level 3–4). Much of the literature is based on case reports with limited pharmacodynamic/kinetic studies. There are no clear data on the adverse herb–drug interactions during anaesthesia. As the risks of these interactions are unknown, it would be prudent for anaesthetists to explicitly ask their patients about their use of herbal medicines before surgery and prior to labour and birth. The European Society of Anaesthesiology and American Society of Anesthesiologists recommend that patients cease taking herbal medicines two weeks before surgery.
Use of a Smartphone GPS Application for Recurrent Travel Behavior Data Collection
Authors: Lynch Joann , Dumont Jeffrey , Greene Elizabeth , Ehrlich Jonathan
Published: May 2019

Smartphone-based household travel survey (HTS) studies to date have typically followed the two-part survey process that has historically been used for paper, computer-assisted telephone interviewing, and online HTS. In this two-part survey process, households provide demographic data in a recruit survey (part one) and record trips in a travel diary (part two) often at a later date. The Metropolitan Council, the planning organization serving the Twin Cities metropolitan area in Minnesota, has conducted a pilot study for their cyclical HTS, the Travel Behavior Inventory (TBI), that is one of the first large-scale fields of an all-in-one smartphone HTS design. For the 2018 TBI pilot, the traditional two-part survey was merged into a continuous survey experience within a smartphone app. The TBI pilot used a split sample to test this all-in-one design against a traditional two-part smartphone survey design. For the all-in-one design, households were invited to sign in directly to the smartphone application instead of first recruiting online or by phone. The pilot results provide a direct comparison of the two-part and all-in-one designs at the household-, person-, and trip-levels. The results showed a lower overall recruit and completion rate for the all-in-one design but showed clear promise for increasing representation of younger and lower-income populations—traditionally hard-to-reach groups who completed at a higher rate with all-in-one. The authors discuss several factors which may have contributed to the lower overall completion rate and describe planned updates for future waves of the TBI aimed at improving overall response while maintaining the developments that have improved representation from hard-to-reach groups.
Influence of Road Geometric Design Consistency on Familiar and Unfamiliar Drivers’ Performances: Crash-Based Analysis
Authors: Intini Paolo , Berloco Nicola , Colonna Pasquale , Ottersland Granås Sofie , Olaussen Ryeng Eirin
Published: May 2019

Drivers’ road familiarity is a safety-related factor. Familiar drivers may be prone to inattention and more dangerous behavior, whereas unfamiliar drivers may be affected by demanding and unexpected road environments. Previous research adequately described the role of familiarity in driving behavior and road safety performances. However, the relationships between drivers’ unfamiliarity and safety issues of road design elements are still largely unexplored and there is a lack of dedicated experimental studies. In this work, a database including run-off-road single-vehicle accidents at Norwegian rural two-lane road curves was investigated. Information about familiarity was derived from the distance from the residence of drivers involved in crashes. Road geometric variables were collected on the segment before the accident site, to provide indicators of design consistency of the previous road section. Thereafter, logistic regression was used to find relationships between predictor variables related to the geometric road design consistency and familiarity (the dependent variable). As a result of the analysis, familiarity was confirmed as a factor associated to possible dangerous behavior such as speeding in demanding road environments. However, crashes involving unfamiliar drivers are associated to unexpected curve parameters (radius and length) and the combination of horizontal and vertical curvature. Thus, as well as familiarity, drivers’ unfamiliarity may be considered as an accident factor. Moreover, some possibly useful consequences for road design are suggested for practitioners. They specifically concern provisions about radii of subsequent curves and coordination between radii of horizontal and vertical curves.
Effects of Hip Arthroscopy Without a Perineal Post on Venous Blood Flow, Muscle Damage, Peripheral Nerve Conduction, and Perineal Injury: A Prospective Study
Authors: Welton K. Linnea , Garabekyan Tigran , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Vogel-Abernathie Laura A. , Raible Daniel , Goodrich Jesse A. , Mei-Dan Omer
Published: May 2019

Background:

Prior reports of hip arthroscopy using a perineal post have established the risks of groin soft tissue injury, sexual dysfunction, and altered lower extremity neurovascular function. These parameters have not been investigated for hip arthroscopy without the use of a perineal post.

Purpose:

To evaluate the effects of postless hip arthroscopy on lower extremity venous blood flow, nerve conduction, muscle tissue damage, and perineal injury.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Patients between the ages of 18 and 50 years undergoing an elective unilateral or simultaneous bilateral hip arthroscopy were enrolled. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK)–MM levels and D-dimer levels were obtained preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and 7 to 12 days postoperatively. Bilateral Doppler ultrasonography of the common femoral vein (CFV) and popliteal vein were conducted intraoperatively. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and transcranial motor evoked potentials (TcMEPs) were measured intraoperatively for the lower limbs. Perineal injury was assessed at 7 to 12 days postoperatively.

Results:

35 patients underwent a total of 40 hip arthroscopies. No significant differences were found in venous blood flow between the operative and nonoperative legs for either the CFV or popliteal vein. SSEP monitoring of the peroneal nerve showed no significant reduction when traction was applied to the operative leg, 90.8%, compared with final measurement just before it was removed, 72.4% ( P = .09). For TcMEPs measured in the muscles outside of the traction boots, no significant changes were seen in the percentage of cases with abnormal measurements throughout the procedure. CPK-MM levels preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and 7 to 12 days after surgery were on average 112, 190, and 102 IU/L, respectively (normal, <156 IU/L). No significant relationship was found between abnormal venous flow and altered D-dimer levels. No clinical evidence of nerve or vascular injury was encountered, and no groin soft tissue complications were observed during the study period.

Conclusion:

Postless hip arthroscopy is safe, without a notable reduction of venous blood flow or alteration of nerve function in the operative leg. Muscle tissue damage is subclinical, transient, and reduced compared with distraction with a post. No cases of perineal injury were observed during the study period.
The Concentration of Plasma Provides Additional Bioactive Proteins in Platelet and Autologous Protein Solutions
Authors: Muir Sean M. , Reisbig Natalie , Baria Michael , Kaeding Christopher , Bertone Alicia L.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Currently, platelet-poor plasma (PPP) is a discarded waste product of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and may contain valuable proteins.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The study’s goal was to evaluate the concentration of plasma as a potential additive biotherapy for the treatment of osteoarthritis. We hypothesized that a novel polyacrylamide concentration device would efficiently concentrate insulin-like growth factor–1 (IGF-1) from PPP and be additive to PRP or autologous protein solution (APS).

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

A laboratory study was conducted with human and equine whole blood from healthy volunteers/donors. Fresh samples of blood and plasma were processed and characterized for platelet, white blood cell, and growth factor/cytokine content and then quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays specific for IGF-1, transforming growth factor–β, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist as representatives of cartilage anabolic and inflammatory mediators.

Results:

A potent cartilage anabolic protein, IGF-1, was significantly concentrated by the polyacrylamide concentration device in both human and equine PPP. The polyacrylamide device also substantially increased plasma proteins over whole blood, most dramatically key proteins relevant to the treatment of osteoarthritis, including transforming growth factor–β (29-fold over blood) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (70-fold over plasma).

Conclusion:

Concentrated PPP is a unique source for biologically relevant concentrations of IGF-1. PRP and APS can produce greater concentrations of other anabolic and anti-inflammatory proteins not found in plasma.

Clinical Relevance:

The polyacrylamide device efficiently concentrated PPP to create a unique source of IGF-1 that may supplement orthopaedic biologic therapies.
From Use to Overuse: Digital Inequality in the Age of Communication Abundance
Authors: Gui Marco , Büchi Moritz
Published: May 2019

Public discourse about overuse as an undesired side effect of digital communication is growing. This article conceptually develops and empirically analyzes users’ perceived digital overuse (PDO) as a widespread social phenomenon sensitive to existing inequalities. In an age of digital communication abundance and closing Internet access divides, overuse has not been systematically investigated nor are its social disparities known. In a first step, PDO is demarcated from Internet addiction, theoretically defined, and operationalized. Then, the prevalence of perceived overuse is assessed in a representative population sample of Italian Internet users ( N = 2,008) and predictors of digital overuse are tested. Results show that digital communication use and the level of social pressure to function digitally are positively related to PDO. Education is negatively associated with PDO and positively with digital communication use and social digital pressure. Overuse is emerging as a new dimension of digital inequality with implications for theory and future research in digital well-being.
Preparation and properties of reduced graphene oxide/polyimide composite films
Authors: Li Xiaocui , Fang Xiaohong , Zhang Pengbo , Yan Jingyuan , Chen Yigang , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: May 2019

We have successfully prepared reduced graphene oxide/polyimide (RGO/PI) composite films by solution blending method and thermal annealing. The effects of contents of graphene oxides (GOs) and different anneal temperatures were mainly investigated. The oxygen-containing groups on GOs’ surface can lead to the formation of hydrogen bonds between GO and PI, which are benefit for GO to disperse in PI uniformly and improve PI properties. The coefficient of thermal expansion decreased drastically from 15.46 μm/(m·°C) to 3.94 μm/(m·°C) within the range of 100–300°C, and the glass transition temperature increased. These improvements can help RGO/PI films resist the high temperature when preparing photoelectric devices and get high-performance flexible photoelectric devices. The elastic modulus of RGO/PI films increased slightly, and tensile strength of RGO/PI films remained the same, while the elongation at break decreased.
Fabricating poly(methyl methacrylate) parts using high-speed sintering
Authors: Bharaj Karan , Paul Sourabh , Mumtaz Kamran Aamir , Chisholm Michael , Hopkinson Neil
Published: May 2019

The ability of high-speed sintering to fabricate fully functional polymer parts at higher production rates as compared to other alternative additive manufacturing processes makes it prudent to further investigate its capability in processing different materials. The preferential deposition of a radiation absorbing material, which is often presented in the form of a liquid ink, on the powder bed can be considered the highlight of this technology. The effect of ‘print density’, that is, the amount of ink which is deposited, on the mechanical properties of parts made of an amorphous polymer, poly(methyl methacrylate), was investigated along with its potential role in controlling the porosity and partial melting. The ultimate tensile strength was measured and compared to other additive manufacturing technologies such as laser sintering and was found to be comparable, possibly due to the gradual supply of heat from the infrared lamp which allowed the amorphous poly(methyl methacrylate) particles to melt and have proper bonding with neighbouring particles as compared to the fast lasing action in laser sintering, where the sudden introduction and the withdrawal of the heat source (laser) led to poor inter-particle bonding.
Four-year follow-up of two patients on maintenance therapy with fondaparinux and mycophenolate mofetil for microthrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Baron B W , Baron J M
Published: May 2019

Objectives

We discuss two patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) who presented with critical ischemia of both lower extremities due to arterial microthrombi. They received multimodality therapy emergently: anticoagulation, immunosuppression, and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). Then they were maintained on anticoagulation with fondaparinux and immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and were followed for 4 years.

Methods

Two patients with APS with ischemia and necrosis of their distal lower extremities were treated emergently with anticoagulation (intravenous heparin), immunosuppression (prednisone), and TPE. They were maintained on anticoagulation with fondaparinux and immunosuppression with MMF.

Results

Neither patient had recurrent microthrombotic disease during a 4-year follow-up.

Conclusions

As described in our small cohort, patients with APS who suffer from microthrombotic arterial disease may benefit from maintenance therapy of anticoagulation with fondaparinux and immunosuppression with MMF, an approach which may be worthy of further trial. Fondaparinux does not require attention to diet, monitoring, and cumbersome bridging that is typical of warfarin therapy. MMF provides immunosuppression while sparing the side effects of steroid treatment.
Estimating the dependence of mixed sensitive response types in randomized response technique
Authors: Chu Amanda MY , So Mike KP , Chan Thomas WC , Tiwari Agnes
Published: May 2019

Sensitive questions are often involved in healthcare or medical survey research. Much empirical evidence has shown that the randomized response technique is useful for the collection of truthful responses. However, few studies have discussed methods to estimate the dependence of sensitive responses of multiple types. This study aims to fill that gap by considering a method based on moment estimation and without using the joint distribution of the responses. In addition to the construction of a covariance matrix for the multiple sensitive questions despite incomplete information due to the randomized response technique design, we can calculate the conditional mean of continuous sensitive responses given as categorical responses and partial correlations among continuous sensitive responses. We conduct a simulation experiment to study the bias and variance of the moment estimator with various sample sizes. We apply the proposed method in a healthcare study of the dependence structure among the responses of a survey concerning health and pressure on college students.
Amultilayered Solid Element used to Model Composite Delamination
Authors: Tawk I. , Ferrero J.-F. , Barrau J.-J. , Abdullah E. , Sudre M.
Published: May 2019

This paper focuses on the latest development of a solid hexahedron element for composite delamination analysis. The 8-node solid is derived from a 20-node hexahedron. It is transformed into two physical independent 4-node shell elements according to the propagation of delamination process within the element. This transformation is driven by a transfer and damage laws that are defined by calibrating the element with a FE modeling for a double cantilever beam (DCB) test. According to the position of the crack in the element, one parameter defines the degradation of the transverse properties at the Gauss point as well as the transfer of the volume element towards the bi-plate formulation. A sensitivity study of the element is presented. A global-local finite element approach coupled with the traditional virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) method allows to calculate the energy release rates and to control the propagation of cracking in the element. This method is validated by comparison between conventional FE models and experimental tests [DCB, and end load split (ELS)]. Experimental asymmetric double cantilever beam (ADCB) test is carried out and modelled using the developed element. The numerical simulation properly correlates with the experimental results.
The Role of the Manager in the Middle East: An Empirical Study of Multinational Companies
Authors: Mosbah Aissa , Alharbi Jaithen , Fetais Abdulla , Alkandi Ibrahim
Published: May 2019

This article is an empirical investigation into the role of the CEO manager in the affiliates of multinational corporations operating in the Middle East. Grounded in a literature review of the reasons for employing either parent country nationals (PCNs) or host country nationals (HCNs) in top management position in foreign subsidiaries, a number of factors influencing the choice between these alternatives are identified. Using a data collected from 147 multinational companies (MNCs) operating in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the influence of each of these factors on this selection is empirically tested with the help of primary data. The study proposed that the relationship between the home and host country managers could be linked to agency theory (with the ‘classical’ principal–agent relationship) and to resource dependency theory (implying relations between the branch and other partners based on interdependence). Our results show that the agency and resource dependency mechanisms are indeed used side by side and complementary to each other to exercise control. Home country managers can strategize to implement control by the informal and social means by positioning a sizeable number of managers from the home country within the subsidiary. Indeed, our results revealed this as true.
Analytical Framework for Fiscal Sustainability: A Review
Authors: Pradhan Krishanu
Published: May 2019

Continuous assessment of fiscal sustainability is essential to macroeconomic policy research for identifying the sources of risk and vulnerability in the fiscal and macro structure of a country and suggesting appropriate policy to avoid abrupt macroeconomic crises. In this context, this review-cum-technical note is an attempt to provide theoretical and empirical backgrounds for assessing the soundness of a country’s current and future fiscal policies. Since fiscal sustainability analysis is a multidimensional problem, the present study presents various approaches to fiscal sustainability with theoretical and empirical frameworks to understand the issue from an academic as well as practitioner’s perspective.
Elevated preoperative serum levels of collagen I carboxyterminal telopeptide predict better outcome in early-stage luminal-B-like (HER2-negative) and triple-negative subtypes of breast cancer
Authors: Jääskeläinen Anniina , Jukkola Arja , Risteli Juha , Haapasaari Kirsi-Maria , Karihtala Peeter
Published: May 2019

Type 1 collagen is an important part of the extracellular matrix and changes in its metabolism and distribution are essential in breast cancer induction and progression. Serum concentrations of type 1 collagen synthesis (aminoterminal propeptide (PINP)) and degradation markers (carboxyterminal telopeptide (ICTP)) have previously been studied in early and metastatic breast cancer, but no data are available on specific breast cancer subtypes. We assayed 662 preoperative serum samples for PINP and ICTP and 109 postoperative serum samples for ICTP. The results were linked to prospectively collected clinical data and the cases were divided into breast cancer subtypes for survival analyses. The concentrations of both pre- and postoperative ICTP serum levels increased linearly from ductal in situ carcinoma to stage I–II tumors, stage III tumors, and finally to those with concomitant primary metastases (preoperative ICTP, p = 0.009; postoperative ICTP, p = 0.016). High-preoperative ICTP levels were associated with better breast cancer-specific survival in connection with luminal-B-like (HER2-negative) tumors (p = 0.017), which was confirmed in Cox regression analysis (relative risk = 3.127; 95% confidence interval = 1.081–9.049, p = 0.035), when T-class (relative risk = 4.049; 95% confidence interval = 1.263–12.981; p = 0.019) and nodal status (relative risk = 3.896; 95% confidence interval = 1.088–13.959; p = 0.037) were included in the analysis. In patients with triple-negative breast cancer, a high-preoperative ICTP level was a significant predictor of local relapse-free survival in univariate (p = 0.0020) and multivariate analyses (relative risk = 13.04; 95% confidence interval = 1.354–125.5; p = 0.026; for T-class, relative risk = 2.128 and 95% confidence interval = 0.297–15.23; p = 0.452; for N-class, relative risk = 0.332 and 95% confidence interval = 0.033–3.307; p = 0.347). A preoperatively elevated serum ICTP level appears to be an important marker of better prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer and luminal-B-like (HER2-negative) subtypes.
How does perceived career support make employees bright-eyed and bushy-tailed? The mediating role of career self-efficacy
Authors: Naeem Rana Muhammad , Channa Khalil Ahmed , Hameed Zahid , Akram Muhammad , Sarki Irshad Hussain
Published: May 2019

Drawing on the literature based on the job demand-resources model and social exchange theory, the current study aimed to investigate the indirect relationship between perceived career support at Time 1 and work engagement at Time 2 via Time 1 career self-efficacy. Further, we proposed that perceived career support moderated the relationship between career self-efficacy and work engagement. The data were collected in two waves from 303 adult employees who worked in manufacturing firms in Pakistan. The hypothesized model was tested using structural regression. The results suggest that career self-efficacy partially mediates the positive relationship between perceived career support and work engagement. Moreover, perceived career support moderated the relationship between career self-efficacy and work engagement.
Young women’s experiences of parental pressure in the context of their career exploration
Authors: Corey Pamela , Chen Charles P
Published: May 2019

This study explored Canadian young women’s experiences of having received pressure from one or both parents regarding their career choices and future, within the context of their career exploration. Using Charmaz’ grounded theory approach, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 undergraduate female students who were experiencing or had experienced parental pressure. Analyses of participant narratives revealed several key themes. Career conversations with parents were described as one-sided and unhelpful. Participants described feeling frustrated, confused and inferior during and after these conversations and described feeling anxious in response to pressure. Nine felt that their feelings of control over their career environments were limited by parental pressure. Participants felt a desire to comply with parental career wishes and felt close to parents. These findings demonstrate that parental pressure could result in negative emotional responses and internal conflict in young adult women. This has negative consequences for their emotional well-being and career exploration processes. However, five felt that parental pressure increased their feelings of control over their career environment. More research is needed to clarify the role of parental pressure on young women’s career exploration. These results have practical implications for career counsellors working with young women and counsellors working with parents, including providing education about the impact of parental pressure and ensuring that they are feeling heard during career conversations.
Developing self-efficacy and career optimism through participation in communities of practice within Australian creative industries
Authors: Goodwin Kim
Published: May 2019

Building a sustainable career in the creative industries is a challenging proposition. Creative workers face high levels of employment insecurity and limited career development opportunity. Those working in the sector must build discipline-oriented career self-management skills, while also finding ways to cope with the psychologically demanding nature of precarious work. Two competencies that contribute to creative career success are self-efficacy and career optimism, both of which support resilience and persistence in the face of career obstacles. This study used narrative data from 28 interviews across six creative disciplines to examine how creative workers who work within communities of practice build self-efficacy and career optimism. The findings suggested that, by participating in communities of practice, creative practitioners not only build professional skills that align with their discipline but also gain psychosocial support that promotes resilience. There is an opportunity, therefore, to enhance understanding of communities of practice with creative career development offerings.
Early School Leavers and Disadvantage in the Labour Market: A Review of the Role of Career Education
Authors: Patton Wendy
Published: May 2019

Early school leavers have always been perceived as being at a disadvantage in the labour market, even prior to the days of extreme youth unemployment. Although recent years have seen increasing numbers of young people remain at school or engage in some other form of post-compulsory education or training, there are still many young people who leave school early and do not complete any form of post-compulsory education or training. This paper attempts to review the Australian context on this issue, including research findings on profiles of early school leavers, their eventual employment status and its individual and social cost. The paper then briefly reviews government policy and suggestions for education and training structures and, in particular, the renewed focus on career education and facets of its role with early school leavers.
Job Finding in Australia
Authors: Athanasou James
Published: May 2019

Although studies of the labour market have concentrated on employment and unemployment, there have been few Australian studies of job-search experiences. This report documents the methods used by people to obtain jobs in 1982, 1986 and 1990. It considers the proposition that informal job-seeking methods are more likely to lead to employment and that most jobs are obtained without prior knowledge of the vacancy. The data for this report were derived from the Australian Bureau of Statistics monthly labour force survey of households (published and unpublished data) in 1982, 1986 and 1990. Around 1.8 million individuals had started in a new job and at least 35 per cent of jobs resulted from approaches made without prior knowledge that the job was available. Friends and relatives accounted for some 17 per cent of placements and in 25 per cent of cases, the employer approached the job seeker, bringing the proportion of informal methods to at least 77 per cent. Results confirm the views of experienced career counsellors that there is a large and informal labour market.
Effect of litter aggregation and pooling on detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory virus in piglet processing fluids
Authors: Vilalta Carles , Baker Jake , Sanhueza Juan , Murray Deb , Sponheim Amanda , Alvarez Julio , Sylvia Fred , Polson Dale , Torremorell Montse , Corzo Cesar , Morrison Robert B.
Published: May 2019

A sampling technique has been validated to monitor porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2) using the serosanguinous exudate known as processing fluids (PFs) that accumulate from tissues obtained during tail docking and castration. PFs are an aggregate sample of large numbers of piglets and litters. However, little is known about the effect of litter aggregation on the ability of PCR to correctly classify an aggregated PF sample as positive. We evaluated both the effect of litter aggregation and of PF pooling on PCR detection. We estimated that aggregation of at least 50 litters was possible when a pig with a Ct value of ~22 was present in the sample, and aggregation of up to 40 litters was possible when there was a sample with a Ct value of ~33. Pooling did not affect PCR detection when initial Ct values of 20 and 25 were assessed. However, in litters with initial Ct values of ≥30, the amount of pooling should be reduced. Our results provide producers and practitioners with a general framework to interpret more accurately the results of their PRRSV-2 surveillance programs using PF.
Elder Play: Preliminary Research Results on How Older Adults Learn Through Motorcycling
Authors: Zacharakis Jeffrey
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this research is to explore how older adults learn through play, which I denote as elder play. There is little research on how adults learn through play. This preliminary research uses grounded theory to analyze how six older motorcyclists learn through their play. Six themes emerge that are common to all interviewees: They are passionate about this hobby, active and continuous learners, intrinsically motivated to excel, social learners, able to relax through play, and aroused by the challenge. Also they do not frame or intentionally consider what they do is learning per se, rather it is an essential part of being good at motorcycling and sustaining their ability to do this sport. This research uses Bandura’s social learning and Marsick and Watkins’s informal and incidental learning to explain how older adults learn and their motivation to learn.
Isogeometric analysis of laminated smart shell structures covered with piezoelectric sensors and actuators using degenerated shell formulation
Authors: Nikoei Sajjad , Hassani Behrooz
Published: May 2019

An isogeometric approach to the analysis of laminated composite smart shell structures based on the degenerated formulation and Mindlin–Reissner assumptions using non-uniform rational B-spline basis functions is the subject of this article. To model the laminated orthotropic smart free-form shells, the equivalent single layer theory is adopted, and an accurate approach to construct the local basis systems is used. To consider the electric potential in the piezoelectric layers, a sub-layer approach is employed that assumes linear variation over the thickness of the sub-layer. To investigate the performance of the approach, static, free vibration, and static control analysis of laminated composite shells covered with piezoelectric sensor and actuator layers with different degrees of basis functions is performed. Also, the effect of mechanical loading, various input voltages, and different boundary conditions on the static response and natural frequencies have been investigated. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the approach and validated with the existing results from the literature.
Improving Advanced Care Planning through Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) Expansion across the United States: Lessons Learned from State-Based Developments
Authors: Mack Deborah S. , Dosa David
Published: May 2019

Background:

The Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) Paradigm is an effective advance care planning tool. However, barriers to implementation persist. In the United States, POLST program development occurs at the state-level. Substantial differences between states has left POLST implementation largely unstandardized. No peer-reviewed studies to date have evaluated state-based POLST program development over time.

Objective:

To assess and learn from the successes and barriers in state-based POLST program development over time to improve the reach of POLST or similar programs across the United States.

Design:

An exploratory, prospective cohort study that utilized semistructured telephone interviews was conducted over a 3-year period (2012-2015). Stakeholder representatives from state POLST coalitions (n = 14) were repeatedly queried on time-relevant successes, barriers, and innovations during POLST program development with levels of legislative and medical barriers rated 1 to 10. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using techniques grounded in qualitative theory.

Results:

All coalition representatives reported continuous POLST expansion with improved outreach and community partnerships. Significant barriers to expansion included difficulty in securing funding for training and infrastructure, lack of statewide metric systems to adequately assess expansion, lack of provider support, and legislative concerns. Medical barriers (mean [standard deviation]: 5.0 [0.2]) were rated higher than legislative (3.0 [0.6]; P < .001).

Conclusion:

POLST programs continue to grow, but not without barriers. Based on the experiences of developing coalitions, we were able to identify strategies to expand POLST programs and overcome barriers. Ultimately the “lessons learned” in this study can serve as a guide to improve the reach of POLST or similar programs.
Rapidly Progressive Multisutural Craniosynostosis in a Patient With Jackson-Weiss Syndrome and a De Novo FGFR2 Pathogenic Variant
Authors: Celie Karel-Bart , Yuan Melissa , Cunniff Christopher , Bogue Jarrod , Hoffman Caitlin , Imahiyerobo Thomas
Published: May 2019

Little is currently known about the mechanisms by which pathogenic variants of FGFR2 produce changes in the FGFR protein and influence the clinical presentation of affected individuals. We report on a patient with a de novo pathogenic variant of FGFR2 and a phenotype consistent with Jackson-Weiss syndrome who presented with delayed, rapidly progressive multisutural craniosynostosis and associated medical complications. Using 3-dimensional modeling of the FGFR protein, we provide evidence that this variant resulted in abnormal dimerization and constitutive activation of FGFR, leading to the Jackson-Weiss phenotype. Knowledge regarding the correlation between genotype and phenotype of persons with FGFR2-related craniosynostosis has the potential to allow for anticipation of medical complications, institution of early treatment, and improved clinical outcomes.
Nonlinear vibration, stability, and bifurcation analysis of unbalanced spinning pre-twisted beam
Authors: Tajik Mohsen , Karami Mohammadi Ardeshir
Published: May 2019

In this paper, an Euler–Bernoulli model has been used for nonlinear vibration, stability, and bifurcation analysis of spinning twisted beams with linear twist angle, and with large transverse deflections, near the primary and parametric resonances. The equations of motion, in the case of pure single mode motion are analyzed by two methods: directly applying multiple scales method and using multiple scales method after discretization by Galerkin’s procedure. It is observed that the same final relations are obtained in the two methods. Effects of twist angle, damping ratio, longitudinal to transverse stiffness ratio, and eccentricity on the frequency responses are investigated. Then, the results are compared with the results obtained from Runge–Kutta numerical method on ODEs in a steady state, and confirmed with some previous research. Finally, the results show a good correlation, and it shows that with increasing the twist angle from 0 to 90°, the natural frequencies increase in the first two modes.
Implementing efficient data compression and encryption in a persistent key-value store for HPC
Authors: Kim Jungwon , Vetter Jeffrey S
Published: May 2019

Recently, persistent data structures, like key-value stores (KVSs), which are stored in a high-performance computing (HPC) system’s nonvolatile memory, provide an attractive solution for a number of emerging challenges like limited I/O performance. Data compression and encryption are two well-known techniques for improving several properties of such data-oriented systems. This article investigates how to efficiently integrate data compression and encryption into persistent KVSs for HPC with the ultimate goal of hiding their costs and complexity in terms of performance and ease of use. Our compression technique exploits deep memory hierarchy in an HPC system to achieve both storage reduction and performance improvement. Our encryption technique provides a practical level of security and enables sharing of sensitive data securely in complex scientific workflows with nearly imperceptible cost. We implement the proposed techniques on top of a distributed embedded KVS to evaluate the benefits and costs of incorporating these capabilities along different points in the dataflow path, illustrating differences in effective bandwidth, latency, and additional computational expense on Swiss National Supercomputing Centre’s Grand Tavé and National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center’s Cori.
Book review: Shakuntala Rao (Ed.), Indian Journalism in a New Era: Changes, Challenges, and Perspectives
Authors: Sarwatay Devina
Published: May 2019

Shakuntala Rao (Ed.), Indian Journalism in a New Era: Changes, Challenges, and Perspectives. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press, 2019, 396 pp., ₹995 (hbk). ISBN 9780199490820.
Brain and spinal MRI features distinguishing MS from different AQP4 antibody serostatus NMOSD at disease onset in a cohort of Latin American patients
Authors: Carnero Contentti Edgar , Marques Vanessa Daccach , Soto de Castillo Ibis , Tkachuk Verónica , Barreira Amilton Antunes , Caride Alejandro , Castillo Maria C , Cristiano Edgardo , de Aquino Cruz Camila , Braga Diégues Serva Gabriel , Santos Antonio Carlos dos , Labarca Rossanny , Lavigne Moreira Carolina , López Pablo A , Miguez Jimena , Molina Omaira , Pettinicchi Juan Pablo , Rojas Juan Ignacio
Published: May 2019

Objective:

We aimed to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) previously used criteria (Matthews’s criteria, MC) for differentiating multiple sclerosis (MS) from neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) in Caucasian and non-Caucasian populations (Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela) with positive (P-NMOSD), negative (N-NMOSD), and unknown (U-NMOSD) aquaporin-4 antibody serostatus at disease onset and to assess the added diagnostic value of spinal cord MRI in these populations.

Methods:

We reviewed medical records, and MRIs were assessed by two blinded evaluators and were scored using MC. Short-segment transverse myelitis (STM) was added as a new criterion. MC sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were determined.

Results:

We included 282 patients (MS = 188 and NMOSD = 94). MC applied to the entire cohort showed 97.8% sensitivity, 82.9% specificity, 92.0% PPV, and 95.1% NPV for differentiating MS from NMOSD. A subanalysis applied only to non-Caucasian (MS = 89 and NMOSD = 47) showed 100% sensitivity, 80.8% specificity, 90.8% PPV, and 100% NPV. Similar sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of MC for MS versus P-NMOSD ( n = 55), N-NMOSD ( n = 28), and U-NMOSD ( n = 21) were observed.

Conclusion:

MC distinguished MS from NMOSD of all serostatus in a Latin American cohort that included non-Caucasian populations. Addition of STM to MC did not raise the accuracy significantly.
Gear rattle reduction in an automotive driveline by the adoption of a flywheel with an innovative torsional vibration damper
Authors: Brancati Renato , Rocca Ernesto , Russo Riccardo
Published: May 2019

An innovative device consisting of a flywheel equipped with a torsional vibration damper, based on the magnetorheological effect in elastomeric spring elements, is proposed in this paper. The feasibility study reports the dynamic behaviour of an automotive driveline equipped with the device aiming to explore the effectiveness of the damper in reducing the torsional oscillations of the flywheel, at low-speed regime, responsible for the vibro-acoustic phenomenon known as “gear rattle”. The spring elements of the device are constituted by magneto-rheological elastomeric samples, interposed between the flywheel and the damper disk, working for shear strains. Their dynamical characteristics can be properly tuned by varying the magnetic field surrounding the springs in order to mitigate the forced vibration causes of gear tooth impacts. The good attitude of the device in mitigating the rattle phenomenon is demonstrated by comparing the results provided by a numerical drive line model, equipped with a “monolithic” flywheel, with those obtained by adopting the present innovative vibration damper. The angular accelerations, resulting from the collisions between the teeth during the operation under “idle” conditions at different angular speeds, are thus compared.
Resilience and depression among the survivors of the 2013 Yaan earthquake
Authors: Huang Yunong , Wong Hung , Fu Yao
Published: May 2019

Recent research on disaster survivors has increasingly emphasized the concept of resilience. Little is known, however, about the relationship between community resilience and mental health and about the moderating effects of personal and community resilience on the relationship between disaster impact and mental health among disaster survivors. Based on a cross-sectional survey of the survivors of the 2013 Yaan earthquake (N = 495) conducted in June 2014, this research examined the relationship between community economic resilience and mental health and the moderating effects of personal and community economic resilience on the relationship between disaster impact and mental health among disaster survivors.

Findings

Regression analysis indicated that community economic resilience (β = −.19, p < .001) is significantly associated with depression. The relationship between earthquake impact on income and depression is moderated by community economic resilience (β = .12, p < .01) but not by personal resilience.

Applications

To buffer depression among disaster survivors, social workers and other mental health professionals may help enhance their personal resilience though encouraging them to develop positive attitudes toward adversities and improve community economic resilience through promoting a more effective disaster management system.
The Relationship Between the Left-Cradling Bias and Attachment to Parents and Partner
Authors: Malatesta Gianluca , Marzoli Daniele , Piccioni Chiara , Tommasi Luca
Published: May 2019

Mothers usually cradle their infants to the left of their body midline, an asymmetry that seems to be a typically female lateral preference. This bias is deemed to be an evolutionary facilitator of communication between cradling and cradled individuals and is believed to be strongly related to hemispheric specialization for complex socio-affective behaviors. Thus, left cradling might facilitate affective interactions in females with typical brain organization, probably due to a right-hemisphere dominance for social attachment. In this study, we investigated cradling-side preferences in 288 young females as a function of their attachment styles to parents and partners. A left-cradling bias was more frequent in participants experiencing positive relationships with their mother and romantic partners. These findings indicate that the left-cradling bias may be associated with high-quality social attachment behaviors in females and, therefore, can be considered as a natural index of socio-emotional attunement between the cradling and cradled individuals.