bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Exogenous Sodium Selenite Treatment on the Nutritional Value and Active Constituents of Pueraria lobata
Authors: Cheng Hua , Wang Lu , Gong Huiyi , Wang Li , Chen Yuanfei , Cheng Shuiyuan , Li Linling
Published: October 2024

Moderate amounts of Se can promote crop growth, enhance stress resistance, increase yield, and improve nutritional quality. In the present study, kudzu seedlings were used as experimental materials, and their physiological indicators, antioxidant activity, nutritional components, and flavonoid content were measured after being treated with Na2SeO3 hydroponics. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was used to reveal the relevant genes involved in regulating the effects of exogenous Se on the content of Se-compounds and flavonoids in kudzu. The results indicated that treatment with 20 mg/L Na2SeO3 significantly increased stem and root lengths, dry and fresh weight, lateral root development, and chlorophyll b content. However, at higher concentrations (30–40 mg/L), lateral root abundance and chlorophyll levels decreased. Na2SeO3 treatment also augmented the antioxidant capacity and enhanced the content of major nutrients in kudzu seedlings. The total Se content in kudzu escalated with increasing Na2SeO3 concentration, with selenomethionine emerging as the primary organic-Se species. After treatment with Na2SeO3, the content of puerarin in both aboveground and underground parts decreased, while the content of total flavonoids increased. Daidzin increased in the roots. Differential expression gene analysis revealed that genes such as TRXB2, SYM, MMT1, and METE were involved in Se uptake and transformation in kudzu, while bZIP43 and WRKY47 played a role in flavonoid biosynthesis.
The Nutritional, Mineral, and Nutraceutical Quality Is Differentially Affected by the Mango Cultivar
Authors: Pérez-Meza Nieves Briceida , Ayala-Tafoya Felipe , Vélez-de la Rocha Rosabel , López-Orona Carlos Alfonso , Martínez-Gallardo José Ángel , Muy-Rangel María Dolores , San-Martín-Hernández Cesar
Published: October 2024

The main mango cultivars produced in the southern Pacific region of Mexico are Ataulfo, Manila, Haden, and Criollo. However, mineral, nutritional, and nutraceutical composition studies are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cultivars on the nutritional, mineral, and nutraceutical qualities of mango produced in Mexico. The cultivar significantly affected (p ≤ 0.05) the fruit composition across these indices. Criollo had the highest potassium, magnesium, sodium, and zinc concentrations, while Haden showed the highest calcium content. Manila had the highest iron content, contributing 0.76% of the recommended daily intake. Ataulfo and Haden were statistically similar in manganese content, both higher than Criollo, with Ataulfo reaching the maximum copper concentration. Ataulfo also had the highest sugar content, while Criollo had the most dietary fiber (3.1%), double that of Ataulfo and Haden. Haden had the lowest dry matter (14.8%) and lowest protein content (0.46%), with Manila showing the lowest ash content. The cultivars also differed in nutraceutical composition: Ataulfo was highest in total phenols, DPPH, and vitamin A; Haden in carotenoids and flavonoids; and Criollo in vitamin C. Cultivar selection induces changes in mango nutritional composition.
Transcriptome Wide Identification and Expression Analysis Revealed BhTALE Gene Family Regulates Wax Gourd (Benincasa hispida) Response to Low Calcium and Magnesium Stress
Authors: Hussain Shahid , Chang Jingjing , Li Jing , Chen Xiao , Xie Dasen , Zhang Baige
Published: October 2024

The three-amino-loop-extension (TALE) family involves key transcription factors vital for maintaining different aspects of growth including leaf, flower, and fruit development and responses to stressful stimulus. Thus far, a deep understanding of the TALE gene family in wax gourd subjected to low calcium and magnesium stress has been missing. Here, we isolated 24 BhTALE genes from a wax gourd genome database. Comprehensive bioinformatic analysis, including evolutionary tree, gene structures, conserved motifs, and chemical properties, provide structural and functional insights into the BhTALE gene family. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of TALE genes unveils their involvement in growth and stress responses. Promoter analysis indicates that hormones and stresses can influence the expression of BhTALE genes. Tissue-specific expression under low calcium and magnesium stress showed that BhTALE genes were more active in the leaves and roots. Notably, BhTALE7, BhTALE10, and BhTALE14 were expressed differentially in leaves under low calcium and magnesium applications. Similarly, the induced expression pattern of BhTALE4 was recorded in the roots under low calcium and magnesium applications. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of the BhTALE gene family in dealing with low calcium and magnesium stress in the wax gourd.
Enhancing Antimicrobial Peptide Activity through Modifications of Charge, Hydrophobicity, and Structure
Authors: Gagat Przemysław , Ostrówka Michał , Duda-Madej Anna , Mackiewicz Paweł
Published: October 2024

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics due to their ability to disturb bacterial membranes and/or their intracellular processes, offering a potential solution to the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance. AMP effectiveness is governed by factors such as net charge, hydrophobicity, and the ability to form amphipathic secondary structures. When properly balanced, these characteristics enable AMPs to selectively target bacterial membranes while sparing eukaryotic cells. This review focuses on the roles of positive charge, hydrophobicity, and structure in influencing AMP activity and toxicity, and explores strategies to optimize them for enhanced therapeutic potential. We highlight the delicate balance between these properties and how various modifications, including amino acid substitutions, peptide tagging, or lipid conjugation, can either enhance or impair AMP performance. Notably, an increase in these parameters does not always yield the best results; sometimes, a slight reduction in charge, hydrophobicity, or structural stability improves the overall AMP therapeutic potential. Understanding these complex interactions is key to developing AMPs with greater antimicrobial activity and reduced toxicity, making them viable candidates in the fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Functional Relationships between L1CAM, LC3, ATG12, and Aβ
Authors: Loers Gabriele , Bork Ute , Schachner Melitta
Published: October 2024

Abnormal protein accumulations in the brain are linked to aging and the pathogenesis of dementia of various types, including Alzheimer’s disease. These accumulations can be reduced by cell indigenous mechanisms. Among these is autophagy, whereby proteins are transferred to lysosomes for degradation. Autophagic dysfunction hampers the elimination of pathogenic protein aggregations that contribute to cell death. We had observed that the adhesion molecule L1 interacts with microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3 (LC3), which is needed for autophagy substrate selection. L1 increases cell survival in an LC3-dependent manner via its extracellular LC3 interacting region (LIR). L1 also interacts with Aβ and reduces the Aβ plaque load in an AD model mouse. Based on these results, we investigated whether L1 could contribute to autophagy of aggregated Aβ and its clearance. We here show that L1 interacts with autophagy-related protein 12 (ATG12) via its LIR domain, whereas interaction with ubiquitin-binding protein p62/SQSTM1 does not depend on LIR. Aβ, bound to L1, is carried to the autophagosome leading to Aβ elimination. Showing that the mitophagy-related L1-70 fragment is ubiquitinated, we expect that the p62/SQSTM1 pathway also contributes to Aβ elimination. We propose that enhancing L1 functions may contribute to therapy in humans.
Targeting Bone Tumours with 45S5 Bioactive Glass
Authors: Fellenberg Joerg , Losch Sarina , Arango-Ospina Marcela , Hildenbrand Nina , Tripel Elena , Deng Lingyun , Renkawitz Tobias , Westhauser Fabian , Lehner Burkhard , Boccaccini Aldo R.
Published: October 2024

Despite advances in treatment modalities, bone tumour therapies still face significant challenges. Severe side effects of conventional approaches, such as chemo- and radiation therapy, result in poor survival rates and high tumour recurrence rates, which are the most common issues that need to be improved upon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic properties of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) for targeting bone tumours. The viability of the cells derived from osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and giant cell tumours was significantly reduced in the presence of 45S5-BG. In contrast, the viability of non-malignant osteoblast-like cells, chondrocytes, and bone marrow-derived stromal cells was not or only slightly affected. While alterations to the particle surface induced by heat treatment, acid etching, or incubation in a simulated body fluid had only minor effects on cytotoxicity, reducing the particle size or sintering the material significantly improved the cytotoxic effect of 45S5-BG. Further, using a chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay, the co-transplantation of 45S5-BG resulted in a significant reduction in tumour formation in vivo. Given the known positive effects of BGs on bone regeneration, our findings suggest that 45S5-BG holds great potential for the development of new and effective bone tumour therapies, with minimal side effects on non-malignant cells and simultaneous contribution to bone healing.
Origin, Evolution and Diversity of φ29-like Phages—Review and Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Evseev Peter , Gutnik Daria , Evpak Alena , Kasimova Anastasia , Miroshnikov Konstantin
Published: October 2024

Phage φ29 and related bacteriophages are currently the smallest known tailed viruses infecting various representatives of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. They are characterised by genomic content features and distinctive properties that are unique among known tailed phages; their characteristics include protein primer-driven replication and a packaging process characteristic of this group. Searches conducted using public genomic databases revealed in excess of 2000 entries, including bacteriophages, phage plasmids and sequences identified as being archaeal that share the characteristic features of phage φ29. An analysis of predicted proteins, however, indicated that the metagenomic sequences attributed as archaeal appear to be misclassified and belong to bacteriophages. An analysis of the translated polypeptides of major capsid proteins (MCPs) of φ29-related phages indicated the dissimilarity of MCP sequences to those of almost all other known Caudoviricetes groups and a possible distant relationship to MCPs of T7-like (Autographiviridae) phages. Sequence searches conducted using HMM revealed the relatedness between the main structural proteins of φ29-like phages and an unusual lactococcal phage, KSY1 (Chopinvirus KSY1), whose genome contains two genes of RNA polymerase that are similar to the RNA polymerases of phages of the Autographiviridae and Schitoviridae (N4-like) families. An analysis of the tail tube proteins of φ29-like phages indicated their dissimilarity of the lower collar protein to tail proteins of all other viral groups, but revealed its possible distant relatedness with proteins of toxin translocation complexes. The combination of the unique features and distinctive origin of φ29-related phages suggests the categorisation of this vast group in a new order or as a new taxon of a higher rank.
The Complexity of the Influence of Growth Substances, Heavy Metals, and Their Combination on the Volume Dynamics of Vacuoles Isolated from Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Taproot Cells
Authors: Karcz Waldemar , Burdach Zbigniew
Published: October 2024

The plant vacuole is a very dynamic organelle that can occupy more than 90% of the cell volume and is essential to plant cell growth and development, the processes in which auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) is a central player. It was found that when IAA or FC (fusicoccin) was present in the control medium of vacuoles isolated from red beet taproots at a final concentration of 1 µM, it increased their volume to a level that was 26% or 36% higher than that observed in the control medium without growth regulators, respectively. In the presence of IAA and FC, the time after which most vacuoles ruptured was about 10 min longer for IAA than for FC. However, when cadmium (Cd) or lead (Pb) was present in the control medium at a final concentration of 100 µM, it increased the volume of the vacuoles by about 26% or 80% compared to the control, respectively. The time after which the vacuoles ruptured was similar for both metals. The combined effect of IAA and Pb on the volume of the vacuoles was comparable with that observed in the presence of Pb only, while for FC combined with Pb, it was additive. The use of IAA or FC together with Cd caused in both cases a decrease in the vacuole volumes by about 50%. The data presented in this study are discussed, taking into account the structure and function of the vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) and their changes in the presence of growth substances, heavy metals, and their combination.
Molecular Targets for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Pergolizzi Robert G. , Brower Steven T.
Published: October 2024

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and lethal forms of cancer, with a five-year survival rate of less than 10%. Despite advances in treatment modalities, the prognosis for pancreatic cancer patients remains poor, highlighting the urgent need for innovative approaches for early diagnosis and targeted therapies. In recent years, there has been significant progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying pancreatic cancer development and progression. This paper reviews the current knowledge of molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Insights of Expression Profile of Chemokine Family in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Carcinogenesis
Authors: Zhang Yinjie , Jin Yue , Wang Yanjing , Wang Siyi , Niu Yuchen , Ma Buyong , Li Jingjing
Published: October 2024

Chemokines are integral components of the immune system and deeply involved in the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Although a considerable amount of transcriptome data has been accumulated on these diseases, most of them are limited to a specific stage of the disease. The purpose of this study is to visually demonstrate the dynamic changes in chemokines across various stages of bowel diseases by integrating relevant datasets. Integrating the existing datasets for IBD and CRC, we compare the expression changes of chemokines across different pathological stages. This study collected 11 clinical databases from various medical centers around the world. Patients: Data of patient tissue types were classified into IBD, colorectal adenoma, primary carcinoma, metastasis, and healthy control according to the publisher’s annotation. The expression changes in chemokines in various pathological stages are statistically analyzed. The chemokines were clustered by different expression patterns. The chemokine family was clustered into four distinct expression patterns, which correspond to varying expression changes in different stages of colitis and tumor development. Certain chemokines and receptors associated with inflammation and tumorigenesis have been identified. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model and the azoxymethane (AOM)/ dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colon cancer model shows stronger correlations with the clinical data in terms of chemokine expression levels. This study paints a panoramic picture of the expression profiles of chemokine families at multiple stages from IBD to advanced colon cancer, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the regulation patterns of chemokines and guiding the direction of drug development. This study provides researchers with a clear atlas of chemokine expression in the pathological processes of inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer.
Immunotherapy for Treatment of Pleural Mesothelioma: Current and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Chiec Lauren , Bruno Debora S.
Published: October 2024

Pleural mesothelioma is a rare malignancy associated with asbestos exposure and very poor prognosis, with a 5-year overall survival of 12%. Outcomes may vary according to stage at time of diagnosis and histologic subtype. Most recently, clinical trials utilizing dual checkpoint inhibitor regimens and chemotherapy in combination with immune oncologic agents have demonstrated impactful changes in outcomes. In this article, we review studies that have led to the successful implementation of immunotherapy in clinical practice for the treatment of this disease and highlight ongoing clinical trials exploring the use of different immunotherapy strategies for the treatment of pleural mesothelioma. We also discuss the challenges of immunotherapy-based approaches in the context of mesothelioma and future strategies currently being investigated to overcome them.
On the Origins of Symbiotic Fungi in Carmine Cochineals and Their Function in the Digestion of Plant Polysaccharides
Authors: González-Román Pilar , Hernández-Oaxaca Diana , Bustamante-Brito Rafael , Rogel Marco A. , Martínez-Romero Esperanza
Published: October 2024

The cochineal insect Dactylopius coccus Costa (Hemiptera) has cultural and economic value because it produces carminic acid that is used commercially. In this study, distinct fungi were cultured from dissected tissue and identified as Penicillium, Coniochaeta, Arthrinium, Cladosporium, Microascus, Aspergillus, and Periconia. Fungi were microscopically observed inside cochineals in the gut, fat body, and ovaries. Since cochineals spend their lives attached to cactus leaves and use the sap as feed, they can obtain fungi from cacti plants. Indeed, we obtained Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium fungi from cacti that were identical to those inside cochineals, supporting their plant origin. Fungi could be responsible for the degrading activities in the insect guts, since cellulase, pectinase, and amylase enzymatic activities in insect guts decreased in fungicide-treated cochineals. Our findings set the basis for the further study of the interactions between insects, fungi, and their host plants.
Prevalence of Borrelia and Rickettsia in Ixodes ricinus from Chosen Urban and Protected Areas in Poland and the Czech Republic
Authors: Kiewra Dorota , Dyczko Dagmara , Žákovská Alena , Nejezchlebova Helena
Published: October 2024

(1) Background: Ixodes ricinus is responsible for the spreading of medically important pathogens. Monitoring the level of tick infection in various areas is essential for determining the potential tick-born risk. This study aimed to detect Borrelia spp. and Rickettsia spp. in I. ricinus ticks collected in urban and protected areas both in Poland and the Czech Republic. (2) Methods: Ticks were collected by flagging in the years 2016–2017. Borrelia spp. was detected using nested PCR targeting the flaB gene and Rickettsia spp. using nested PCR targeting gltA. (3) Results: In total, DNA of Borrelia spp. was detected in 25.9% of samples. Ticks collected in Poland were more infected compared to the Czech Republic and ticks collected in protected areas were more infected with Borrelia spp. than ticks collected in urban areas. The RFLP analysis showed the occurrence of B. afzelii and B. garinii in both countries, and additionally B. valaisiana, B. burgdorferi s.s., and B. miyamotoi in Poland. Rickettsia spp. was detected in 17.4% of I. ricinus, with comparable infection level in both countries; however, regional differences were observed. (4) Conclusion: The regional differences in Borrelia spp. and Rickettsia spp. prevalence in I. ricinus indicate the complexity of factors influencing the level of infection and underline the need for adaptation public health surveillance strategies in each region.
Atrial Fibrillation in Elite Athletes: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Kourek Christos , Briasoulis Alexandros , Tsougos Elias , Paraskevaidis Ioannis
Published: October 2024

Although the benefits of exercise training have been shown repeatedly in many studies, its relationship with the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in competitive athletes still remains controversial. In the present review, we sought to demonstrate a comprehensive report of the incidence, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches to AF in elite athletes. A 2 to 10 times higher frequency of AF has been shown in many studies in high-intensity endurance athletes compared to individuals who do not exercise. Moreover, a U-shaped relationship between male elite athletes and AF is demonstrated through this finding, while the type and the years of physical activity seem to relate to AF development. A strong correlation seems to exist among the type of exercise (endurance sports), age (>55 years), gender (males), and the time of exercise training, all contributing to an increased risk of AF. The pathophysiology of AF still remains unclear; however, several theories suggest that complex mechanisms are involved, such as bi-atrial dilatation, pulmonary vein stretching, cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and increased vagal tone. Elite athletes with AF require a comprehensive clinical evaluation and risk factor optimization, similar to the approach taken for nonathletes. Although anticoagulation and rate or rhythm control are cornerstones of AF management, there are still no specific guidelines for elite athletes.
Gender Differences in the Relationship between Physical Activity, Postural Characteristics and Non-Specific Low Back Pain in Young Adults
Authors: Marijančić Verner , Peharec Stanislav , Starčević-Klasan Gordana , Grubić Kezele Tanja
Published: October 2024

Background/Aim: University students are a particularly vulnerable population, as they spend increasing amounts of time sitting, which poses a major threat to their musculoskeletal health and posture. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate gender differences in the relationships between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior, spinal curvatures and mobility, the endurance and balance of the trunk muscles, and the possible presence of non-specific low back pain (NS-LBP) in young adults aged 18–25 years. Methods: A total of 139 students completed all required tests. Results: Male students engaged in significantly more PA related to recreation, sports and leisure and were significantly more likely to be hyperkyphotic than female students. The more the male students participated in sports, the more pronounced the thoracic kyphosis. Female students had significantly more pronounced lumbar lordosis and anterior pelvic tilt that correlated with lumbar lordosis. Female students generally had significantly higher trunk extensor endurance and more balanced trunk musculature than males. NS-LBP correlated with PA in female students who generally had higher levels of NS-LBP than male students, with a statistically significant difference between those who practiced the most PA. Conclusions: Our results suggest that female students practice less PA and have pronounced lordosis and trunk extensor endurance, in contrast to males who practice more PA and have pronounced trunk flexor endurance and hyperkyphosis. Our findings suggest that more PA should be encouraged but implemented with caution and as an individualized gender-specific approach to prevent postural deformities and chronic musculoskeletal disorders, including NS-LBP.
An End-to-End Underwater Acoustic Target Recognition Model Based on One-Dimensional Convolution and Transformer
Authors: Yang Kang , Wang Biao , Fang Zide , Cai Banggui
Published: October 2024

Underwater acoustic target recognition (UATR) is crucial for defense and ocean environment monitoring. Although traditional methods and deep learning approaches based on time–frequency domain features have achieved high recognition rates in certain tasks, they rely on manually designed feature extraction processes, leading to information loss and limited adaptability to environmental changes. To overcome these limitations, we proposed a novel end-to-end underwater acoustic target recognition model, 1DCTN. This model directly used raw time-domain signals as input, leveraging one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D CNNs) to extract local features and combining them with Transformers to capture global dependencies. Our model simplified the recognition process by eliminating the need for complex feature engineering and effectively addressed the limitations of LSTM in handling long-term dependencies. Experimental results on the publicly available ShipsEar dataset demonstrated that 1DCTN achieves a remarkable accuracy of 96.84%, setting a new benchmark for end-to-end models on this dataset. Additionally, 1DCTN stood out among lightweight models, achieving the highest recognition rate, making it a promising direction for future research in underwater acoustic recognition.
Study on Hydroelastic Responses of Membrane-Type LNG Cargo Containment Structure under Impulsive Sloshing Loads of Different Media
Authors: Park Cheon-Jin , Lee Jeoung-Kyu , Kim Yonghwan
Published: October 2024

Owing to the increasing g lobal demand for natural gas, the construction of liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers has become a key trend in the shipbuilding market. In the design of membrane-type LNG carriers, a sloshing analysis is crucial for cargo containment systems (CCSs). In this study, structural responses due to impulsive sloshing loads were observed, including the effects of hydroelasticity and the test medium. To this end, the structural responses were first observed with and without hydroelastic coupling between the liquid and structure. When fluid–structure coupling is considered, a finite element analysis is performed for the integrated structure of the hull and CCS. This method was then applied to evaluate the capacity and safety of the inner hull structures of actual LNG vessels in cases where different sloshing pressures occurred owing to the different liquid–gas media. The structural capacity was evaluated using the utilization factor (UT). The results confirm that the effects of the hydroelasticity, density ratio, and phase transition of the experimental medium are essential for the evaluation of the structural responses of LNG CCSs.
Self-Propulsive Property of Flexible Foil Undergoing Traveling Wavy Motion: A Numerical Investigation
Authors: Li Yongcheng , Pan Ziying , Wang Xiaoqing
Published: October 2024

The propulsive characteristics of self-propelling 3D flexible foil are numerically studied. Two kinds of dynamic boundary techniques, namely the dynamic mesh technique and overlapping mesh technique, are used to realize the self-propulsion of flexible foil. The effects of aspect ratio (AR), characteristic thickness (d), and section shape on propulsive characteristics are numerically studied. Results demonstrate that the moving velocity increases monotonically with the consistent growth of AR, and a linear relationship is found between them. The peak value of propulsive efficiency can be acquired when AR = 1.0. Moreover, the growth of d shall produce a negative effect on moving velocity. It is suggested that the value of d should be smaller than 0.15 for the sake of acquiring high propulsive efficiency. As for the section shape effect, the foil with a rectangular shape presents the worst propulsive property, while the NACA0015 foil exhibits the best one. Furthermore, the typical vortex structures are also exhibited and analyzed. The conclusions acquired in this study are of great significance for designing a bionic underwater vehicle.
Experimental Study on the Vibration Characteristics of a Wave-Induced Oscillation Heaving Plate Energy Capture Device
Authors: Lian Jijian , Wang Xiaowei , Wang Xiaoqun , Chen Yanjia , Liu Likun , Li Xin , Xu Lingyue
Published: October 2024

In order to develop green energy, reduce carbon emissions, and alleviate global warming and the green energy crisis, many researchers focus on wave energy, using a device to convert wave energy into electricity. The three main types of wave energy converters are the overtopping type, the oscillating water column type, and the oscillating body type, and for most of them, the power generation efficiency is low. The research team in this paper proposed a wave energy converter for a wave-induced oscillation heave plate. The plate vibrates up and down under the action of waves, and the captured energy of the vibrating plate transfers the energy to the generator, so as to generate electricity. There is electricity only when there is vibration; therefore, the vibration characteristic of the converter is crucial to power generation. So, the vibration characteristics of the energy capture structure of the converter were studied experimentally. The test results show that the energy harvesting device can vibrate, and the vibration effect is good, which further indicates that the device can generate electricity. The effects of different wave conditions and system stiffnesses on amplitude and corresponding amplitude were studied, and the amplitude increases with the increase in wave height and period and decreases with the increase in system stiffness. The amplitude response decreases with the increase in wave height and system stiffness. Under the test conditions, the maximum amplitude of the system is 6.23 cm (when the wave period is 1.40 s, the wave height is 0.25 m, and the system stiffness is 1735.62 N/m), and the maximum amplitude ratio is 0.34 (when the wave period is 1.1 s, the wave height is 0.10 m, and the system stiffness is 1735.62 N/m).
Data/Knowledge-Driven Behaviour Analysis for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships—2nd Edition
Authors: Wen Yuanqiao , Hahn Axel , Valdez Banda Osiris , Huang Yamin
Published: October 2024

This Special Issue, entitled “Data/Knowledge-Driven Behaviour Analysis for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships—2nd Edition”, is the sequel to “Data/Knowledge-Driven Behaviour Analysis for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships”, including five contributions [...]
Fault Characteristics and Reservoir Potential of Mesozoic Basins in the Southern East China Sea
Authors: Yang Yanqiu , Yang Chuansheng , Sun Jing , Liang Jie , Zhao Qingfang , Wang Jianqiang
Published: October 2024

The East China Sea Basin (ECSB) is an integral part of the Western Pacific tectonic system. Its development is linked to the Kula–Pacific Plate and the formation and expansion of the Philippine Sea Basin. Recent advancements in exploration technologies and theory have been applied to Mesozoic basins in the East China Sea. Researchers have posited that the southern basin has great oil and gas exploration potential. However, the characteristics and evolution of fault structures and their influence on hydrocarbon accumulation remain unclear. Here, in-depth geometric and kinematic analyses of Mesozoic fault structures in the southern ECSB were conducted using the latest interpretations of 2D seismic data and structural analysis theory. The findings revealed that the fault system was well developed and predominantly exhibited multiphase extensional and extensional-torsional features. Based on their lateral distribution and morphology, faults were categorized into three structural styles and seven combinations. According to their developmental timing, periods of active faulting were attributed to the Yanshan and Himalayan epochs. Multiphase fault activities strongly controlled the formation of traps and thus hydrocarbon accumulation, while earlier NE-trending faults controlled the formation of structural belts and hydrocarbon source areas.
Role of Squalene Epoxidase Gene (SQE1) in the Response of the Lichen Lobaria pulmonaria to Temperature Stress
Authors: Onele Alfred O. , Swid Moatasem A. , Leksin Ilya Y. , Rakhmatullina Daniya F. , Galeeva Ekaterina I. , Beckett Richard P. , Minibayeva Farida V. , Valitova Julia N.
Published: October 2024

Currently, due to the increasing impact of anthropogenic factors and changes in solar activity, the temperature on Earth is rising, posing a threat to biodiversity. Lichens are among the most sensitive organisms to climate change. Elevated ambient temperatures can have a significant impact on lichens, resulting in more frequent and intense drying events that can impede metabolic activity. It has been suggested that the possession of a diverse sterol composition may contribute to the tolerance of lichens to adverse temperatures and other biotic and abiotic stresses. The major sterol found in lichens is ergosterol (ERG); however, the regulation of the ERG biosynthetic pathway, specifically the step of epoxidation of squalene to 2,3-oxidosqualene catalyzed by squalene epoxidase during stress, has not been extensively studied. In this study, we used lichen Lobaria pulmonaria as a model species that is well known to be sensitive to air pollution and habitat loss. Using in silico analysis, we identified cDNAs encoding squalene epoxidase from L. pulmonaria, designating them as LpSQE1 for the mycobiont and SrSQE1 for the photobiont Symbiochloris reticulata. Our results showed that compared with a control kept at room temperature (+20 °C), mild temperatures (+4 °C and +30 °C) did not affect the physiology of L. pulmonaria, assessed by changes in membrane integrity, respiration rates, and PSII activity. An extreme negative temperature (−20 °C) noticeably inhibited respiration but did not affect membrane stability. In contrast, treating lichen with a high positive temperature (+40 °C) significantly reduced all physiological parameters. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that exposing thalli to −20 °C, +4 °C, +30 °C, and +40 °C stimulated the expression levels of LpSQE1 and SrSQE1 and led to a significant upregulation of Hsps. These data provide new information regarding the roles of sterols and Hsps in the response of lichens to climate change.
Examining the Role of Local Government’s Financial Performance and Capital Expenditure in Increasing Economic Growth in Banten Province, Indonesia (2018–2022)
Authors: Zein Mohamad Harry Mulya , Muhtarom Muhtarom Muhtarom , Mulyadi Mulyadi Mulyadi , Septiani Sisca
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyse how financial ratios such as the independence ratio, effectiveness ratio, efficiency ratio, fiscal decentralisation ratio, dependency ratio, and compatibility ratio affect economic growth, directly or indirectly, through capital expenditure as a mediating factor. This research used a quantitative approach; purposive sampling was conducted, and path analysis was applied to explore the relationships between variables. The results show that self-reliance, effectiveness, efficiency, fiscal decentralisation, dependency, and capital expenditure significantly affect economic growth. The independence and effectiveness ratios have a positive impact, indicating that improvements in these variables directly foster economic growth. However, the efficiency and fiscal decentralisation ratios have a negative effect, suggesting that increases in these variables may reduce economic growth. Indirectly, through capital expenditure, the independence, effectiveness, dependency, and compatibility ratios significantly affect economic growth, with the independence ratio being the most dominant. Conversely, the fiscal decentralisation and efficiency ratios did not show significant indirect effects, indicating that capital expenditure is not an effective mediator for these variables. These findings provide insights into how local financial management strategies can influence regional development, offering key policy recommendations for Banten’s local government.
On the Effects of Physical Climate Risks on the Chinese Energy Sector
Authors: Ewald Christian Oliver , Huang Chuyao , Ren Yuyu
Published: October 2024

We examine the impact of physical climate risks on energy markets in China, distinguishing between traditional energy and new energy stock markets, and the energy commodity market, utilizing a time-varying parameter vector autoregressive model with stochastic volatility (TVP-SV-VAR). Specifically, we investigate the dynamic effects of five specific subtypes of physical climate risks, namely waterlogging by rain, drought, typhoon, cryogenic freezing, and high temperature, on WTI oil prices and coal prices. The findings reveal that these physical climate risks exhibit time-varying similar effects on the returns of traditional energy and new energy stocks, but heterogeneous effects on the returns of WTI oil prices and coal prices. Finally, we categorize and examine the impact of both acute and chronic physical risks on the energy commodity market.
Urban Habitat Quality Enhancement and Optimization under Ecological Network Constraints
Authors: Zhou Yanhai , Geng Jianwei , Liu Xingzhao
Published: October 2024

The process of urbanization leads to the rapid expansion of construction land and brings a series of ecological and environmental problems. The ecological network, as a linear landscape element, is of great significance to improve the quality of the regional ecological environment. In this study, the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) and the model of Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) were used to construct the ecological corridors in the central city of Fuzhou, and the land use pattern under the constraints of the ecological network was simulated and quantified by the patch-level land use simulation (PLUS) tool with the results of the identification of ecological corridors. Meanwhile, with the help of InVEST habitat quality model, the regional habitat quality under different development scenarios was compared. The results show that (1) 19 ecological sources and 35 ecological corridors were identified; (2) under the constraints of ecological corridors, the area of forested land in the study area in 2027 was increased by 1.57% and the area of built-up land was reduced by 0.55% compared with that in 2022; (3) and under the constraints of ecological corridors, the mean value of habitat quality in Fuzhou City improved by 0.0055 and 0.0254 compared with 2022 and 2027 natural evolution scenarios, respectively. The study provides decision-making assistance for the construction of ecological corridors from the perspective of land use planning.
No Report, No Densification? A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Urban Densification and Reporting Practices in World Heritage Properties
Authors: Katontoka Moses , Noardo Francesca , Palacios-Lopez Daniela , Esch Thomas , Nourian Pirouz , Chen Fulong , Pereira Roders Ana
Published: October 2024

As urbanization accelerates, World Heritage properties, critical conservation areas, face a growing threat of urban densification, jeopardizing their Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). States Parties, the countries that have ratified the World Heritage Convention, are responsible for submitting periodic reports on the state-of-conservation of their World Heritage properties. These reports should explicitly address any instances of urban densification that may be occurring. But do they? This research investigates the relationship between urban densification and reporting practices in World Heritage properties over time and space. Through a spatiotemporal analysis, by analyzing changes in the built-up area within the core zones of cultural World Heritage properties from 1985 to 2015. We found that urban development, including housing, infrastructure, and tourism facilities, has significantly impacted World Heritage properties and an increase in built-up area can be observed especially in properties not reporting on urban threats.
The That-Trace Effect—A Surface or a Deep Island Phenomenon? Evidence from Resumption and Prolepsis in Igbo
Authors: Amaechi Mary , Georgi Doreen
Published: October 2024

In many languages, a subject/non-subject Ā-extraction asymmetry can be observed: While non-subject extraction is unproblematic, long extraction of the subject requires repair strategies. This phenomenon is known as the that-trace effect. Two broad types of approaches to this effect have been proposed in the literature: (a) structural accounts that prohibit subject extraction in the syntax; (b) surface-oriented PF accounts according to which nothing blocks long subject movement in the syntax, but a surface filter prohibits the output string where a trace follows the complementizer. In this paper, we argue for a syntactic cause of the effect in Igbo (Benue-Congo, Nigeria). The empirical evidence centers around the distribution of resumptive pronouns in the language. We show that Igbo has all the ingredients required for a PF approach to the that-trace effect (viz., long Ā-movement and trace spell-out); nevertheless, it does not apply them to enable long subject extraction but rather resorts to prolepsis (among other strategies). Further evidence against a PF account comes from the impossibility of short subject extraction. Finally, we provide evidence from subextraction from subjects for an antilocality component underlying the subject extraction restriction in Igbo.
(4aS,5S,6aR,10aR,10bR)-5-Methoxy-9,9-dimethyl-4a,5,6a,7,10a,10b-hexahydro-12H-[1,3]dioxino[4′,5′:5,6]pyrano[4,3-b][1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-d][1,4]oxazine
Authors: Lomas Romero Leticia , Negron Silva Guillermo E. , Corona-Sánchez Ricardo , Ramírez-Domínguez Elsie , Gutiérrez-Carrillo Atilano , Sánchez-Eleuterio Alma
Published: October 2024

A new tetracyclic morpholine-fused[5,1-c]-triazole, (4aS,5S,6aR,10aR,10bR)-5-methoxy-9,9-dimethyl-4a,5,6a,7,10a,10b-hexahydro-12H-[1,3]dioxino[4′,5′:5,6]pyrano[4,3-b][1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-d][1,4]oxazine, was synthesized via a five-step sequence starting from methyl α-D-glucopyranoside by using, as a key step, an intramolecular copper(I) catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC). The synthesized compound was fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR, and HRMS.
High-Temperature Fatigue Degradation Behaviors of a 3D Braided C/SiC with a Thin Interlayer in Different Dry Oxygen Atmospheres
Authors: Yang Lexin , He Dianwei , Hu Chen , Gao Zhenhuan , Nie Liping , Sun Youbei , Zhang Lei , Luan Xingang
Published: October 2024

In order to evaluate the increase in the flexural strength of a 3D braided C/SiC composite comprised with a thin pyrolytic carbon (PyC) interlayer (TI C/SiC) under a load of 60 MPa with an amplitude of ±20 MPa at an oxygen partial pressure of 8000 Pa, the effect of temperature, oxidation and stress value on the length change in the sample, fracture behavior, residual flexural strength and fracture morphology were studied up to 1500 °C. It was found that the gauge length change behaviors of the material are related to (i) the positive damage of the thin interlayer and (ii) to the negative damage of the C phase. The most serious damage of TI C/SiC under 60 ± 20 MPa occurs in an oxygen partial pressure of 17,000 Pa at 1300 °C. When the oxygen partial pressure and/or the temperature are reduced, the positive C phase damage is relieved. In the case that the oxygen partial pressure, temperature and stress increase, the negative C phase damage is facilitated. The oxidation mechanism of the C phase is controlled by the inward diffusion of oxygen from the sample surface to the center; however, a higher stress is considered to change the oxygen diffusion mechanism by increasing the reaction of the C phase, with oxygen causing a widening of microcracks.
Influence of Annealing and Aging Parameters on the Microstructure and Properties of 1200 MPa Grade Cold-Rolled Dual-Phase Steel
Authors: Ma Xiaoyue , Chu Xiaohong , Yang Yuebiao , Lu Hongzhou , Wang Wenjun , Zhao Zhengzhi
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of the automotive industry, the requirements for bodywork materials are not only focused on high strength but also on improved forming properties. To develop a new generation of automotive steels with higher strength–plasticity matching, a high elongation 1200 MPa grade V-Nb microalloyed cold-rolled reinforced formable dual-phase steel was developed in this experiment through rational compositional design and precise process machining. The properties of the test steel are improved by varying the over-aging temperature as well as the annealing temperature to achieve a good strength–plasticity balance. The results show that as the aging temperature increases, the tensile strength and yield strength of the test steel decrease, while the elongation continues to increase. At an aging temperature of 310 °C, the steel exhibits not only high strength but also better ductility. As the annealing temperature increases, the tensile strength and yield strength of the test steel initially increase and then decrease, while the elongation continues to increase. When the heat treatment process involves an annealing temperature of 860 °C and an over-aging temperature of 310 °C, the test steel achieves the best strength–plasticity balance.
Lightweight Detection of Train Underframe Bolts Based on SFCA-YOLOv8s
Authors: Li Zixiao , Li Jinjin , Zhang Chuanlong , Dong Huajun
Published: October 2024

Improving the accuracy and detection speed of bolt recognition under the complex background of the train underframe is crucial for the safety of train operation. To achieve efficient detection, a lightweight detection method based on SFCA-YOLOv8s is proposed. The underframe bolt images are captured by a self-designed track-based inspection robot, and a dataset is constructed by mixing simulated platform images with real train underframe bolt images. By combining the C2f module with ScConv lightweight convolution and replacing the Bottleneck structure with the Faster_Block structure, the SFC2f module is designed for feature extraction to improve detection accuracy and speed. It is compared with FasterNet, GhostNet, and MobileNetV3. Additionally, the CA attention mechanism is introduced, and MPDIoU is used as the loss function of YOLOv8s. LAMP scores are used to rank the model weight parameters, and unimportant weight parameters are pruned to achieve model compression. The compressed SFCA-YOLOv8s model is compared with models such as YOLOv5s, YOLOv7, and YOLOX-s in comparative experiments. The results indicate that the final model achieves an average detection accuracy of 93.3% on the mixed dataset, with a detection speed of 261 FPS. Compared with other classical deep learning models, the improved model demonstrates superior performance in detection effectiveness, robustness, and generalization. Even in the absence of sufficient real underframe bolt images, the algorithm enables the trained network to better adapt to real environments, improving bolt recognition accuracy and detection speed, thus providing technical references and theoretical support for subsequent related research.