bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Freedom's Crescent
Authors: Rodrigue John C.
Published: January 2023

The Lower Mississippi Valley is more than just a distinct geographical region of the United States; it was central to the outcome of the Civil War and the destruction of slavery in the American South. Beginning with Lincoln's 1860 presidential election and concluding with the final ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865, Freedom's Crescent explores the four states of this region that seceded and joined the Confederacy: Tennessee, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana. By weaving into a coherent narrative the major military campaigns that enveloped the region, the daily disintegration of slavery in the countryside, and political developments across the four states and in Washington DC, John C. Rodrigue identifies the Lower Mississippi Valley as the epicenter of emancipation in the South. A sweeping examination of one of the war's most important theaters, this book highlights the integral role this region played in transforming United States history.
Women in the Ancient Mediterranean World
Authors: Middleton Guy D.
Published: January 2023

In this book, Guy D. Middleton explores the fascinating lives of thirty real women of the ancient Mediterranean from the Palaeolithic to the Byzantine era. They include queens and aristocrats, such as the Pharoah Hatshepsut and the Etruscan noblewoman Seianti; Eritha and Karpathia, Bronze Age priestesses from the Aegean; a Pompeiian prostitute called Eutychis; the pagan philosopher Hypatia and the Christian saint Perpetua, from North Africa, as well as women from smaller communities. Middleton uses a wide range of archaeological and historical evidence, including burials and funerary practices, graffiti, inscriptions and painted pottery, handprints, human remains and a variety of historical texts, as well as the latest modern research. His volume weaves together the stories of real women, placing them firmly in the spotlight of history. Engagingly written and up-to-date in its scholarship, Middleton's book offers new insights for students and researchers in Ancient History, Archaeology and Mediterranean Studies, as well as in Women's History.
Tail-shake risks assessment & mitigation by wind-tunnel tests on air-intake installation on a heavy-weight H/C configuration
Authors: Desvigne D. , Bichon V.
Published: January 2023

In this work, the key role of the upper-deck design including engine installation as a potential source of tail-shake is at focus. The work is based on a Wind-Tunnel Test (WTT) campaign performed at the Airbus Helicopters’ Marignane wind-tunnel facilities on a high-fidelity minibody fuselage at scale 1:3.5 representing a generic heavy-helicopter upper deck.

Two different engine intake installations for a Power Unit (PU) have been investigated; in a first configuration, the air intake is implemented at the pylon-fairing trailing edge. The second configuration consists in positioning two air intakes on each side of the pylon fairing, close to the maximum cross-section location. Different measurement methods to evaluate aerodynamic interactions and wake sources are proposed: flow-separation assessments from surface oil flow visualisations, time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements and unsteady skin-pressure measurements at the cowlings. Tail-shake-related indicators are then proposed. Basically, a configuration that produces strong vortices characterised by a broadband spectral signature is believed to gather all the conditions for tail-shake to emerge.

The flow over the clean configuration is first analysed for various combinations of angle-of-attack and sideslip, highlighting four different areas of flow separation at the cowlings. The complex flow topology around the upper deck is then assessed, which includes a spectral analysis of the flow in the PIV planes. The influence of the air intakes (operating or not) is then evaluated. When located at the pylon-fairing trailing edge and operating, the air intake has a spectacular impact on the flow-field topology. It is responsible for the generation of an intense broadband wake interacting with the pylon-fairing lip vortices, which is believed to be a potential source of tail-shake. The second air-intake configuration is also not favourable, as it requires enlarging the pylon fairing by 100mm, which causes an intense wake similarly to a blunt body. At last, a mitigation mean is proposed for the first configuration. It demonstrates a significant reduction of the wake intensity and broadband signature at the source.
Land and Living on Little in Kenya
Authors: Shilaro Priscilla
Published: January 2023

In these three volumes, Ambreena Manji, Barbara Thomas, and Julie Zollman detail how poor people in Kenya navigate everyday struggles against restrictive social, economic, and political constraints to build livelihoods through their individual and collective efforts in order to access basic social services, land, markets, and employment, and to participate in the social, economic and political arenas. In the latest edition of her book, Politics, Participation and Poverty: Development Through Self-Help in Kenya, first published in 1985, Thomas chronicles innovative ways in which the rural poor in six locations in Eastern, Central, and Rift Valley Provinces have exploited the complex competitive web of Kenya’s electoral patron-client linkages at local and national levels to access scarce resources for community development projects. The trend of unequal development based on region, class, gender, and ethnicity that informed development through self-help in the 1970s and 80s persist to date, as elaborated in Zollman’s Living on Little: Navigating Financial Scarcity in Modern Kenya. While Manji, in The Struggle for Land & Justice in Kenya, focuses on struggles over land and justice from the colonial era to the present, Thomas and Zollman highlight continuing struggles by people living on little to access scarce essential services and land in their quest for personal and community development. While these titles fit into distinct disciplinary fields and use diverse methodological approaches, they meticulously weave profound narratives of the resilience of ordinary Kenyans building livelihoods, families, and communities with little resources.
Business and Human Rights in Russia: Emerging or Merging?
Authors: Rogerson Michael
Published: January 2023

The increasing focus on business and human rights (BHR) in civil society and policymaking has not been matched by research on corporate actions to respect and protect human rights. The lack of research on BHR is especially acute outside of Western Europe and Anglo-centric contexts. This paper seeks to investigate how the largest Russian firms conceptualize and fulfil their human rights obligations under the UN Guiding Principles and the extent to which internationalization of those firms may have impacted these behaviours. I use a unique dataset created from a sample made of the 100 largest firms listed on the Moscow Stock Exchange. Using the theoretical construct of institutional conflict, I find that cross-listing on other stock exchanges and the extent to which firms frame their broader social responsibility issues as ‘sustainability’ or ‘sustainable development’ rather than ‘corporate social responsibility’ has a substantial impact on firm attention to human rights. While this attention is encouraging, firm disclosure of actions taken to mitigate against violations and protect human rights is extremely limited and the strength of domestic institutional pressures has resulted in very little firm action in the face of the extreme and widespread human rights violations being committed in Ukraine by Russia.
Insights for modern invasion ecology from biotic changes of the Clarksville Phase of the Richmondian Invasion (Ordovician, Katian)
Authors: Forsythe Ian J. , Stigall Alycia L.
Published: January 2023

The frequency of biotic invasions in modern ecosystems is increasing due to global trade moving taxa outside their native ranges and climate change facilitating establishment of taxa in previously inhospitable regions. Thus, developing a holistic understanding of biotic invasions and how they impact ecosystems over different timescales—from annual to geologic timescales—is vital. Herein we examine a geologically brief invasion event, the Clarksville Phase of the Richmondian Invasion. Prior analyses have established general ecological and evolutionary patterns across the entire Richmondian Invasion, but recent sequence stratigraphic refinement makes analysis of individual invasion pulses possible for the first time. We examine biotic change across the Clarksville Phase and identify invasion impacts on diversity, paleocommunity composition, and niche stability. Invader arrival and success was strongly linked to increased propagule pressure facilitated by sea-level changes. Invaders initially colonized deep subtidal environments and then moved offshore facilitated by rapid niche evolution during the invasion interval. Invasive taxa that attained the largest population sizes belonged to previously underutilized ecological guilds. Overall, the introduction of the invasive taxa resulted in increased diversity that was maintained into the postinvasion interval accompanied by a change in community composition in which the invaders became dominant paleocommunity members. Combined, these analyses document a biotic invasion facilitated by climate change that increased local diversity through invaders occupying underutilized ecospace and competition-related niche contraction on millennial timescales. Developing a long-term perspective to accompany shorter-term studies facilitates predicting the long-term impacts of modern invasions and creating better-informed policies and practices.
CEO Compensation Incentives and Playing It Safe: Evidence from FAS 123R
Authors: Carline Nicholas F. , Pryshchepa Oksana , Wang Bo
Published: January 2023

This article uses FAS 123R regulation to examine how reduction in CEO compensation incentives affects managerial “playing it safe” behavior. Using proxies reflecting deliberate managerial efforts to change firm risk, difference-in-difference tests show that affected firms drastically reduce both systematic and idiosyncratic risks, leading to an 8% decline in total firm risk. These reductions in risk are achieved by shifting to safer, but low-Q, segments while closing the riskier ones, without significant changes in investment levels. Our findings suggest that decrease in risk-taking incentives provided by option compensation, when not compensated for by alternative incentives or governance mechanisms, exacerbates risk-related agency problem.
On the nature of apical vowel in Jixi-Hui Chinese: Acoustic and articulatory data
Authors: Shao Bowei , Ridouane Rachid
Published: January 2023

Chinese languages have a set of segments known as apical vowels, which have been analysed in previous studies as either genuine vowels, fricative vowels, fricative consonants, or approximants. This study is concerned with the apical vowel attested in Jixi-Hui Chinese. We examine this segment from acoustic and articulatory perspectives and argue that it is best defined as a fricative /z/. Phonologically, Jixi-Hui Chinese /z/ is a distinct phoneme that is exclusively attested in syllable nucleus position where it constitutes a tone-bearing unit and which can undergo tonal sandhi processes. It can appear not only after coronal sibilants /s ts tsʰ/, but also after bilabials /p pʰ/ and nasals /m n/. Acoustically, we show that this segment contains frication noise in its initial phase in the majority of cases, with a formant structure towards its end. The analysis of the zero-crossing rate confirms this significant presence of noise, clearly distinguishing this segment from genuine vowels. Furthermore, articulatory analyses of ultrasound data show that /z/ has a near-identical tongue shape to fricative /s/ on both mid-sagittal and coronal planes, in both sibilant and non-sibilant contexts. These findings are viewed in light of the variability in the way /z/ is phonetically implemented in Jixi-Hui Chinese.
A novel dual-BJT avalanche pulse generator with mixer effect
Authors: Telli Emrah , Y׀ld׀r׀m Bahad׀r S.
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a novel, simple, and efficient pulse generation technique using BJTs in avalanche mode with mixer effect. The presented design is an improved version of the basic single transistor avalanche pulse generator, and it composes of two identical pulse generators that drive a common 50-Ω load resistor at the output. The output signal exhibits wider bandwidth and narrower pulsewidth, compared to the basic single transistor circuit. The presented pulse generator also provides increased power output without using any power amplifier, and can be used in ground-penetrating radar and ultra-wideband communication systems.
Type of Trauma Exposure Impacts Neural Reactivity to Errors
Authors: Jones Emily E. , Kreutzer Kayla A. , Manzler Charles A. , Evans Emily G. , Gorka Stephanie M.
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Studies suggest that individuals with a history of trauma exposure display abnormal reactivity to threat, though the pattern of findings across prior studies has been inconsistent. At least two factors likely contribute to previous discrepant findings: (1) the type of index trauma event and (2) the type of threat paradigm. Accordingly, the current study aimed to examine the impact of trauma type on a specific psychophysiological index of threat sensitivity – error negativity (Ne), also described as error-related negativity (ERN). Young adults were classified into three groups: lifetime history of interpersonal trauma (i.e., sexual assault, physical assault, or immediate family violence; n = 30), lifetime history of a non-interpersonal trauma (e.g., accidents, natural disasters; n = 30), or no lifetime history of trauma ( n = 64). All participants completed a well-validated flanker task designed to elicit the Ne/ERN during continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) data collection. Results indicated that individuals with non-interpersonal trauma exposure displayed reduced Ne/ERN amplitude compared with the other two groups (who did not differ from each other). Broadly, these findings highlight the importance of trauma type and theory suggesting different forms of trauma may result in different neurobiological profiles. These findings also add to a growing literature indicating that non-interpersonal traumas may be uniquely associated with blunted threat sensitivity and deficiencies in self-monitoring.
Probability, Dependency, and Frequency Are Not All Equally Involved in Statistical Learning
Authors: Lazartigues Laura , Mathy Fabien , Lavigne Frédéric
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The ability to learn sequences depends on different factors governing sequence structure, such as transitional probability (TP, probability of a stimulus given a previous stimulus), adjacent or nonadjacent dependency, and frequency. Current evidence indicates that adjacent and nonadjacent pairs are not equally learnable; the same applies to second-order and first-order TPs and to the frequency of the sequences. However, the relative importance of these factors and interactive effects on learning remain poorly understood. The first experiment tested the effects of TPs and dependency separately on the learning of nonlinguistic visual sequences, and the second experiment used the factors of the first experiment and added a frequency factor to test their interactive effects with verbal sequences of stimuli (pseudo-words). The results of both experiments showed higher performance during online learning for first-order TPs in adjacent pairs. Moreover, Experiment 2 indicated poorer performance during offline recall for nonadjacent dependencies and low-frequency sequences. We discuss the results that different factors are not used equally in prediction and memorization.
Cognitive and Emotional Responses to Russian State-Sponsored Media Narratives in International Audiences
Authors: Hoyle Aiden , Wagnsson Charlotte , van den Berg Helma , Doosje Bertjan , Kitzen Martijn
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Russia utilizes state-sponsored news media outlets, such as RT or Sputnik, to project antagonistic strategic narratives into targeted societies and perturb international audiences. While psychological responses to this conduct are frequently assumed, there is a lack of causal evidence demonstrating this. Using a transdisciplinary perspective, we conducted four survey experiments that tested two path models predicting possible cognitive and emotional responses to two narrative strategies that Russian state-sponsored media employ: destruction, which portrays a state as weak and chaotic, and suppression, which portrays a state as indecent and morally deviant. The experiments had between-participant designs, where participants read either an article demonstrating a strategy or a control text, and then indicated their responses to several trust and emotional variables. Participants were either Swedish or Dutch citizens, to build on previous analyses of Russian narration about Sweden and The Netherlands. Path analyses revealed significant differences between the conditions on several response variables. However, we found no evidence that these effects were mediated by generalized realistic or symbolic threat perceptions. We contribute preliminary insights into potential causal links between Russian antagonistic narrative strategies and specific psychological responses. This study, and its overarching research agenda, should have implications for practitioners seeking to counter Russian information influence.
Limited Skill of Projected Land Precipitation by IPCC Models During 2002−2020
Authors: Hu Dan , Tian Zhiping , Lang Xianmei , Jiang Dabang
Published: January 2023

Climate models are widely used to project future climate changes and analyze underlying mechanisms. However, it remains unknown whether the earlier precipitation projections match the subsequent observations in recent decades, which is the scientific basis for the confidence of precipitation projections and associated impacts. Here, we find models in the Third (TAR), Fourth (AR4), and Fifth (AR5) Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) skillfully project the subsequent climatological changes in global mean land precipitation for 2002–2020, 2008–2020, and 2014–2020 (relative to 1980–1999 climatology) from several to 10 years ahead, respectively. Skillful regional projections are mainly found in the northern mid to high latitudes. IPCC models are less skillful in projecting subsequent changes in land precipitation at regional scales than at global scales, which is likely to be at least partly explained by the lower signal‐to‐noise ratio.
CircVPRBP inhibits nodal metastasis of cervical cancer by impeding RACK1 O-GlcNAcylation and stability
Authors: Zhang Chunyu , Jiang Hongye , Yuan Li , Liao Yuandong , Liu Pan , Du Qiqiao , Pan Chaoyun , Liu Tianyu , Li Jie , Chen Yili , Huang Jiaming , Liang Yanchun , Xia Meng , Xu Manman , Qin Shuhang , Zou Qiaojian , Liu Yunyun , Huang Hua , Pan Yuwen , Li Jiaying , Liu Junxiu , Wang Wei , Yao Shuzhong
Published: January 2023

Lymph node (LN) metastasis is one of the most malignant clinical features in patients with cervical cancer (CCa). Understanding the mechanism of lymph node metastasis will provide treatment strategies for patients with CCa. Circular RNAs (circRNA) play a critical role in the development of human cancers. However, the role and mechanism of circRNAs in lymph node metastasis remain largely unknown. Here, it is reported that loss expression of circRNA circVPRBP was closely associated with LN metastasis and poor survival of CCa patients. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that circVPRBP overexpression notably inhibited lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis, whereas RfxCas13d mediated silencing of circVPRBP promoted lymphangiogenesis and the ability of the cervical cancer cells to metastasize to the LNs. Mechanistically, circVPRBP could bind to RACK1 and shield the S122 O-GlcNAcylation site to promote RACK1 degradation, resulting in inhibition of Galectin-1 mediated lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis in CCa. Taken together, the results demonstrate that circVPRBP is a potential prognostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target for LN metastasis in CCa patients.
Genetic trajectory and clonal evolution of multiple primary lung cancer with lymph node metastasis
Authors: Tian He , Wang Yalong , Yang Zhenlin , Chen Ping , Xu Jiachen , Tian Yanhua , Fan Tao , Xiao Chu , Bai Guangyu , Li Lin , Zheng Bo , Li Chunxiang , He Jie
Published: January 2023

Multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) with lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a rare phenomenon of multifocal lung cancer. The genomic landscapes of MPLC and the clonal evolution pattern between primary lung lesions and lymph node metastasis haven’t been fully illustrated. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on 52 FFPE (Formalin-fixed Paraffin-Embedded) samples from 11 patients diagnosed with MPLC with LNM. Genomic profiling and phylogenetic analysis were conducted to infer the evolutional trajectory within each patient. The top 5 most frequently mutated genes in our study were TTN (76.74%), MUC16 (62.79%), MUC19 (55.81%), FRG1 (46.51%), and NBPF20 (46.51%). For most patients in our study, a substantial of genetic alterations were mutually exclusive among the multiple pulmonary tumors of the same patient, suggesting their heterogenous origins. Individually, the genetic profile of lymph node metastatic lesions overlapped with that of multiple lung cancers in different degrees but are more genetically related to specific pulmonary lesions. SETD2 was a potential metastasis biomarker of MPLC. The mean putative neo-antigen number of the primary tumor (646.5) is higher than that of lymph node metastases (300, p = 0.2416). Primary lung tumors and lymph node metastases are highly heterogenous in immune repertoires. Our findings portrayed the comprehensive genomic landscape of MPLC with LNM. We characterized the genomic heterogeneity among different tumors. We offered novel clues to the clonal evolution between MPLC and their lymphatic metastases, thus advancing the treatment strategies and preventions of MPLC with LNM.
Time perception in astronauts on board the International Space Station
Authors: Navarro Morales Deborah C. , Kuldavletova Olga , Quarck Gaëlle , Denise Pierre , Clément Gilles
Published: January 2023

We perceive the environment through an elaborate mental representation based on a constant integration of sensory inputs, knowledge, and expectations. Previous studies of astronauts on board the International Space Station have shown that the mental representation of space, such as the perception of object size, distance, and depth, is altered in orbit. Because the mental representations of space and time have some overlap in neural networks, we hypothesized that perception of time would also be affected by spaceflight. Ten astronauts were tested before, during, and after a 6–8-month spaceflight. Temporal tasks included judging when one minute had passed and how long it had been since the start of the workday, lunch, docking of a vehicle, and a spacewalk. Compared to pre-flight estimates, there is a relative overestimation for the 1-min interval during the flight and a relative underestimation of intervals of hours in duration. However, the astronauts quite accurately estimated the number of days since vehicle dockings and spacewalks. Prolonged isolation in confined areas, stress related to workload, and high-performance expectations are potential factors contributing to altered time perception of daily events. However, reduced vestibular stimulations and slower motions in weightlessness, as well as constant references to their timeline and work schedule could also account for the change in the estimation of time by the astronauts in space.
Transcriptomic response of bioengineered human cartilage to parabolic flight microgravity is sex-dependent
Authors: Aissiou A. K. , Jha S. , Dhunnoo K. , Ma Z. , Li D. X. , Ravin R. , Kunze M. , Wong K. , Adesida A. B.
Published: January 2023

Spaceflight and simulated spaceflight microgravity induced osteoarthritic-like alterations at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels in the articular and meniscal cartilages of rodents. But little is known about the effect of spaceflight or simulated spaceflight microgravity on the transcriptome of tissue-engineered cartilage developed from human cells. In this study, we investigate the effect of simulated spaceflight microgravity facilitated by parabolic flights on tissue-engineered cartilage developed from in vitro chondrogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells obtained from age-matched female and male donors. The successful induction of cartilage-like tissue was confirmed by the expression of well-demonstrated chondrogenic markers. Our bulk transcriptome data via RNA sequencing demonstrated that parabolic flight altered mostly fundamental biological processes, and the modulation of the transcriptome profile showed sex-dependent differences. The secretome profile analysis revealed that two genes (WNT7B and WNT9A) from the Wnt-signaling pathway, which is implicated in osteoarthritis development, were only up-regulated for female donors. The results of this study showed that the engineered cartilage tissues responded to microgravity in a sex-dependent manner, and the reported data offers a strong foundation to further explore the underlying mechanisms.
A joinpoint and age–period–cohort analysis of ocular cancer secular trends in Iran from 2004 to 2016
Authors: Abolhosseini Mohammad , Khorrami Zahra , Safi Sare , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Moshtaghion Seyed Mohamadmehdi , Mohammadi Seyed Farzad , Kanavi Mozhgan Rezaei , Karimi Saeed
Published: January 2023

Investigating secular trends of ocular cancer registration in Iran. After acquiring Iranian national population-based cancer registry data, trends of age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) of ocular cancers and annual percent changes (APC) between 2004 and 2016 were analysed in age groups, gender, topography and morphology types with joinpoint regression analysis. Age, period, and cohort effects on incidence rates were estimated by age–period–cohort model. Geographic distribution of ASIR was assessed using GIS. Overall ASIR of ocular cancers was 16.04/100,000 (95% CI 15.77–16.32). Joinpoint regression analysis showed a significant increase of ASIR between 2004 and 2009 for males (APC = 5.5, 95% CI  0.9–10.2), ages over 50 years (APC = 5.2, 1.2–9.4), skin/canthus/adnexal cancers (APC = 4.2, 0.8–7.7), and carcinomas/adenocarcinomas (APC = 4.3, 0.6–8.1); however, between 2009 and 2016 a declining trend was observed in all investigated variables. ASIR of retinoblastoma was significantly increased (averaged APC = 20.7, 9–33.7) between 2004 and 2016. age–period–cohort analyses showed that incidence rates of ocular cancers significantly increased with aging, time periods, and birth cohort effects (p < 0.001). ASIR varied from 6.7/100,000 to 21.7/100,000 in Iran. Excepting retinoblastoma, all ocular cancer incidence trends were downward over a 13-year period; however, it was increasing between 2004 and 2009 cancer. ASIR was significant aging in Iran.
Squeezed states generation by nonlinear plasmonic waveguides: a novel analysis including loss, phase mismatch and source depletion
Authors: Nadgaran Hamid , Izadi Mohammad Amin , Nouroozi Rahman
Published: January 2023

In this article, a full numerical method to study the squeezing procedure through second harmonic generation process is proposed. The method includes complex nonlinear coupling coefficient, phase mismatch, and pump depletion. Attention has been also paid to the effects of accumulated noises in this work. The final form of the numerical formula seems to be much simpler than the analytical solutions previously reported. The function of this numerical method shows that it works accurately for different mechanisms of squeezed state generations and does not suffer from instabilities usually encountered even for non-uniform, coarse steps. The proposed method is used to examine the squeezing procedure in an engineered nonlinear plasmonic waveguide. The results show that using the nonlinear plasmonic waveguide, it is possible to generate the squeezed states for the pump and the second harmonic modes with high efficiency in a propagation length as short as 2 mm which is much shorter than the needed length for the traditional nonlinear lithium niobate- based optical waveguides being of the order of 100 mm. This new method of squeezed states generation may find applications in optical communication with a noise level well below the standard quantum limit, in quantum teleportation, and in super sensitive interferometry.
Genome-wide identification and expression profile of Elovl genes in threadfin fish Eleutheronema
Authors: Xiao Jie , Wang Wen-Xiong
Published: January 2023

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are the essential fatty acids for organs to maintain various biological functions and processes. The threadfin fish Eleutheronema, with its rich nutritional value especially the high fatty acid contents, has become one of the promising aquaculture species in China and the potential food source of fatty acids for human consumption. However, the molecular basis underlying the biosynthesis of fatty acids in Eleutheronema species is still unknown. The elongation of the very long-chain fatty acids (Elovl) gene family in fish plays several critical roles in LC-PUFA synthesis. Therefore, in the present study, we performed genome-wide identification of the Elovl gene family to study their evolutionary relationships and expression profiles in two threadfin fish species Eleutheronema tetradactylum and Eleutheronema rhadinum, the first representatives from the family Eleutheronema. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Elovl genes in Eleutheronema were classified into six subfamilies (elovl1a/1b, elovl4a/4b, elovl5, elovl6/6 l, elovl7a, elovl8b). Phylogenetic, gene structure, motif, and conserved domain analysis indicated that the Elovl genes were highly conserved within the same subfamily in Eleutheronema. In addition, the Elovl genes were distributed in 7/26 chromosomes, while the duplicated gene pair, elovl4a and elovl4b, showed collinear relationships. The predicted secondary structure patterns and the 3D models revealed the highly similar functions and evolutionary conserved structure of Elovl proteins in Eleutheronema. The selection pressure analysis revealed that Elovl genes underwent strong purifying selection during evolution, suggesting that their functions might be evolutionarily conserved in Eleutheronema. Additionally, the expression patterns of Elovl genes in different tissues and species were distinct, indicating the possible functional divergence during evolution in the Eleutheronema genus. Collectively, we provided the first comprehensive genomic information on Elovl genes in threadfin fish Eleutheronema. This study enhanced the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of fatty acids biosynthesis in Eleutheronema, and provided new insights on breeding new varieties of fatty acids-enriched fish with potential benefits to farmers and the health of consumers.
Learning the protein language of proteome-wide protein-protein binding sites via explainable ensemble deep learning
Authors: Hou Zilong , Yang Yuning , Ma Zhiqiang , Wong Ka-chun , Li Xiangtao
Published: January 2023

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) govern cellular pathways and processes, by significantly influencing the functional expression of proteins. Therefore, accurate identification of protein-protein interaction binding sites has become a key step in the functional analysis of proteins. However, since most computational methods are designed based on biological features, there are no available protein language models to directly encode amino acid sequences into distributed vector representations to model their characteristics for protein-protein binding events. Moreover, the number of experimentally detected protein interaction sites is much smaller than that of protein-protein interactions or protein sites in protein complexes, resulting in unbalanced data sets that leave room for improvement in their performance. To address these problems, we develop an ensemble deep learning model (EDLM)-based protein-protein interaction (PPI) site identification method (EDLMPPI). Evaluation results show that EDLMPPI outperforms state-of-the-art techniques including several PPI site prediction models on three widely-used benchmark datasets including Dset_448, Dset_72, and Dset_164, which demonstrated that EDLMPPI is superior to those PPI site prediction models by nearly 10% in terms of average precision. In addition, the biological and interpretable analyses provide new insights into protein binding site identification and characterization mechanisms from different perspectives. The EDLMPPI webserver is available at http://www.edlmppi.top:5002/.
Persistent luminescent metal–organic framework nanocomposite enables autofluorescence-free dual modal imaging-guided drug delivery
Authors: Shu Gang , Zhao Huaixin , Zhang Xuening
Published: January 2023

A persistent luminescent metal–organic framework (PLNPs@MIL-100(Fe)) was prepared via the layer-by-layer method for high spatial resolution MR imaging and autofluorescence-free NIR imaging-guided drug delivery.
Self-supporting and bifunctional Cu-based electrocatalysts with porous structures as superior working electrodes for alkaline water splitting
Authors: Xu Xiaomei , Yang Kefang , She Jiazi , Zhai Yanshui , Zhou Meihua , Deng Ruihong , Li Zhimei , Cai Hu
Published: January 2023

Self-supporting and bifunctional Cu-based electrocatalyst with a unique lamellar structure is fabricated, achieving a low oxygen release reaction potential and low hydrogen evolution reaction potential as well as remarkable durability.
Comment on “Regulating the valence level arrangement of high-Al-content AlGaN quantum wells using additional potentials with Mg doping” by W. Lin, J. Kang et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 5529
Authors: Lambrecht Walter R. L.
Published: January 2023

The paper commented on addresses the crystal field splitting in AlGaN. Here, an alternative model based on bond-angle effects is proposed.
A rigid calcium 2-ethylhexylphosphate one-dimensional polymer: synthesis, structure, thermal behaviour and decomposition chemistry
Authors: Matharoo Navneet , Walawalkar Mrinalini G. , Murugavel Ramaswamy
Published: January 2023

Calcium phosphate based 1-D polymer [(phen)Ca(ehpH)2]n tends to show structural transformations below room temperature, owing to its long alkyl chains, as confirmed by DSC and X-ray diffraction studies. It also forms α-Ca(PO3)2 upon calcination at 600 °C.
Sodium ethoxide as an environmentally benign and cost-effective catalyst for chemical depolymerization of post-consumer PET waste
Authors: Javed Saqib , Ropel Dennis , Vogt Dieter
Published: January 2023

Sodium ethoxide, a cost-effective catalyst, completely outperforms the hitherto studied catalysts making large-scale PET depolymerization processes possibly far more sustainable.
Multi-drug loaded eugenol-based nanoemulsions for enhanced anti-mycobacterial activity
Authors: Menon Parvathy Mohan , Chandrasekaran Natarajan , C George Priya Doss , Shanmugam Sivakumar
Published: January 2023

Reformulation of 1st line anti-TB drugs using a eugenol based nanoemulsion system to enhance its drug potency as an anti-mycobacterium agent and to improve its sustainable release.
Study of the interaction mechanism of silver nanoparticles with γ-globulin, fibrinogen and hyaluronidase
Authors: Li Xiangrong , Cheng Zeqing , Xu Ruonan , Wang Ziyang , Shi Li , Yan Yunhui
Published: January 2023

This study provides accurate and full basic data for clarifying the interaction mechanism of AgNPs with γ-globulin, fibrinogen and hyaluronidase.
An environmentally benign l-cysteine functionalized ZnO/TiO2 nanohybrid decorated on cellulose nanofibers for effective photo degradation of organic hydrocarbons
Authors: Saikia Aditi , Kundu Sarathi
Published: January 2023

Fabrication of photocatalytically active cellulose nanofiber nanocomposite paper decorated with a bimetallic ZnO/TiO2 nanohybrid for efficient hydrocarbon degradation in waste water samples.
Fused diethynylbenzenes and phenanthrenes via arynes with alkynylsilanes
Authors: Dong Jie , Lei Yu , Hu Qiong , Zong Lingli , Zhang Ke , Zhang Yajuan , Hu Yimin
Published: January 2023

The concept of organosilicon in organic synthesis is applied to the hydroalkynylation and base promoted intramolecular  cyclization reactions of hexadehydro-Diels–Alder-derived benzynes.
Correction: Morphology of ammonium perchlorate in the presence of ethylene glycol as an additive: a first principle study
Authors: Khan Md Abdul Shafeeuulla , Vijayalakshmi R. , Singh Avtar , Nandi Amiya Kumar , Talawar M. B.
Published: January 2023

Correction for ‘Morphology of ammonium perchlorate in the presence of ethylene glycol as an additive: a first principle study’ by Md Abdul Shafeeuulla Khan et al., CrystEngComm, 2019, 21, 7519–7527, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9CE01262A.
Correction: Propane to olefins tandem catalysis: a selective route towards light olefins production
Authors: Monai Matteo , Gambino Marianna , Wannakao Sippakorn , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: January 2023

Correction for ‘Propane to olefins tandem catalysis: a selective route towards light olefins production’ by Matteo Monai et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2021, 50, 11503–11529, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CS00357G.
Correction: Nickel-catalyzed tandem isomerization/anti-Markovnikov hydroarylation of unactivated internal alkenes with heteroarenes
Authors: Imran Sajid , Liu Yang , Li Yan , Shui Yu , Yan Chun-Hui , Sun Hong-Mei
Published: January 2023

Correction for ‘Nickel-catalyzed tandem isomerization/anti-Markovnikov hydroarylation of unactivated internal alkenes with heteroarenes’ by Sajid Imran et al., Org. Chem. Front., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2qo01905a.
Sensory-Processing Sensitivity Predicts Fatigue From Listening, But Not Perceived Effort, in Young and Older Adults
Authors: McGarrigle Ronan , Mattys Sven
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

Listening-related fatigue is a potential negative consequence of challenges experienced during everyday listening and may disproportionately affect older adults. Contrary to expectation, we recently found that increased reports of listening-related fatigue were associated with better performance on a dichotic listening task. However, this link was found only in individuals who reported heightened sensitivity to a variety of physical, social, and emotional stimuli (i.e., increased “sensory-processing sensitivity” [SPS]). This study examined whether perceived effort may underlie the link between performance and fatigue.

Method:

Two hundred six young adults, aged 18–30 years (Experiment 1), and 122 older adults, aged 60–80 years (Experiment 2), performed a dichotic listening task and were administered a series of questionnaires including the NASA Task Load Index of perceived effort, the Vanderbilt Fatigue Scale (measuring daily life listening-related fatigue), and the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (measuring SPS). Both experiments were completed online.

Results:

SPS predicted listening-related fatigue, but perceived effort during the listening task was not associated with SPS or listening-related fatigue in either age group. We were also unable to replicate the interaction between dichotic listening performance and SPS in either group. Exploratory analyses revealed contrasting effects of age; older adults found the dichotic listening task more effortful but indicated lower overall fatigue.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that SPS is a better predictor of listening-related fatigue than performance or effort ratings on a dichotic listening task. SPS may be an important factor in determining an individual's likelihood of experiencing listening-related fatigue irrespective of hearing or cognitive ability.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21893013
Sensitivity of halo shape measurements
Authors: Fischer Moritz S. , Valenzuela Lucas M.
Published: January 2023

Shape measurements of galaxies and galaxy clusters are widespread in the analysis of cosmological simulations. But the limitations of those measurements have been poorly investigated. In this Letter, we explain why the quality of the shape measurement does not only depend on the numerical resolution, but also on the density gradient. In particular, this can limit the quality of measurements in the central regions of haloes. We propose a criterion to estimate the sensitivity of the measured shapes based on the density gradient of the halo and to apply it to cosmological simulations of collisionless and self-interacting dark matter. By this, we demonstrate where reliable measurements of the halo shape are possible and how cored density profiles limit their applicability.
Land snails can trap trematode cercariae in their shell: Encapsulation as a general response against parasites?
Authors: Gérard Claudia , De Tombeur Youna , Dahirel Maxime , Ansart Armelle
Published: January 2023

Terrestrial gastropods are hosts of a wide variety of metazoan parasites and can respond to parasite exposure in various ways. One of these defence mechanisms, the ability to trap parasites in the host shell, was previously thought to apply only against nematodes. During a field survey along an urbanisation gradient, we found that the shell of Cornu aspersum and Cepaea nemoralis can contain encapsulated trematode cercariae, with prevalences of 7% and 1%, respectively over the entire sample, and up to 47% at the local population level. To our knowledge, this is the first case study unambiguously showing that land snails can trap non-nematode parasites in their shell at non-negligible prevalences. Shell-encapsulation could be a more general defence mechanism than previously described, and more studies are needed to understand its importance and variability.
The Efficacy and Safety of a Low-Dose Tranexamic Acid Bolus-Only Protocol Compared with the Moderate-Dose Protocol in Valvular Heart Surgery
Authors: Koster Andreas , Hulde Nikolai , Deutsch Marcus-Andre , Gummert Jan F. , von Dossow Vera , Zittermann Armin
Published: January 2023

In 873 propensity score–matched pairs of patients undergoing valvular heart surgery, we compared a “moderate dose” of tranexamic acid (TXA) protocol (group 1; median TXA dose: 24 mg/kg body weight) with a 1.5-g “bolus-only” protocol (group 2; median TXA dose: 19 mg/kg body weight). The number of transfused patients was higher in group 2 than in group 1 (74.5 vs 66.0%, p < 0.001), as was the number of transfused red blood cell concentrates (p = 0.001). The risks of re-exploration and convulsive seizures were similar between groups (p > 0.50). Data indicate an impaired efficacy following the “bolus-only” protocol, without a significant safety improvement.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Glyn Tamara , Lightner Amy L.
Published: January 2023

The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to rise with the increasing rates in the developing world and the improving longevity of IBD patients. A diagnosis of colonic IBD is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and this accounts for approximately 15% of the estimated mortality from IBD. CRC in IBD appears to be a pathologically distinct entity and progress is being made to understand the unique components of this process with a view to better predicting outcomes and potentially improving surveillance, treatments, and eventually modifying risk. In the interim, patients are entered into surveillance programs designed to identify at-risk patients early and improve outcomes. Dramatic evolution of technology in this area has changed the landscape of surveillance and dysplasia management over the last decade and promises to continue to do so. This review aims to provide a contemporary overview of IBD-associated CRC in terms of its epidemiology, pathogenesis, surveillance, and management.
Sharia compliance, national governance, and value of cash in Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries
Authors: Chen Naiwei , Yu Min-Teh
Published: January 2023

This study examines whether and how Sharia compliance and national governance affect the value of corporate cash holding (cash) in Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries. Study results indicate that cash can enhance firm value and such cash value is higher for Sharia-compliant firms than for Sharia non-compliant firms. In addition, cash is particularly valuable when national governance is strong. Furthermore, the positive effect of Sharia compliance on cash value is more pronounced when national governance is strong. Results suggest that internal governance (i.e., Sharia compliance) and external governance (i.e., national governance) should be in sync to maximize cash value.
Large amplitude oscillatory shear study of a colloidal gel near the critical state
Authors: Suman Khushboo , Shanbhag Sachin , Joshi Yogesh M.
Published: January 2023

A system undergoing sol–gel transition passes through a unique point, known as the critical gel state, where it forms the weakest space spanning percolated network. We investigate the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of a colloidal dispersion at the critical gel state using large amplitude oscillatory shear rheology. The colloidal gel at the critical point is subjected to oscillatory shear flow with increasing strain amplitude at different frequencies. We observe that the first harmonic of the elastic and viscous moduli exhibits a monotonic decrease as the material undergoes a linear to nonlinear transition. We analyze the stress waveform across this transition and obtain the nonlinear moduli and viscosity as a function of frequency and strain amplitude. The analysis of the nonlinear moduli and viscosities suggests intracycle strain stiffening and intracycle shear thinning in the colloidal dispersion. Based on the insights obtained from the nonlinear analysis, we propose a potential scenario of the microstructural changes occurring in the nonlinear region. We also develop an integral model using the time-strain separable Kaye–Bernstein–Kearsley–Zapas constitutive equation with a power-law relaxation modulus and damping function obtained from experiments. The proposed model with a slight adjustment of the damping function inferred using a spectral method, compares well with experimental data at all frequencies.
Diocotron and electromagnetic modes in split-cathode fed relativistic smooth bore and six-vane magnetrons
Authors: Leopold J. G. , Bliokh Y. , Krasik Ya. E. , Kuskov A. , Schamiloglu E.
Published: January 2023

In this article, the diocotron modes developing in a coaxial diode and the resonant magnetron modes forming in a six-vane A6 relativistic magnetron both fed by a split cathode are studied by Particle-in-Cell simulations. The split cathode is a novel type of cathode which sustains a column longitudinally oscillating electrons in a coaxial diode (smooth bore) or a magnetron over a non-emitting axial cathode conductor. The connection between the longitudinal oscillatory dynamics and the diocotron or magnetron mode development, as well as whether the diocotron modes affect the magnetron modes, is investigated.