bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE HISTORY OF CREATION OF MINING AND INDUSTRIAL SUPERVISION IN RUSSIA: WAY FROM BERG COLLEGIUM TO ROSTEKHNADZOR
Authors: Solodovnikov Alexander V. , Makhneva Arina N. , Shabanova Vilena V.
Published: November 2024

The history of creation of mining and industrial supervision in Russia raises main stages of its formation: Russian Tsardom (1547–1721), Russian Empire (1721–1917), Soviet period (1922–1991) and post-Soviet period (1991 – present day). The article describes а timeline of mining and industrial supervision in each of indicated stages: description of key regulatory documents, functions of organs, responsible for managing in field a safe conduct of work, associated with use of subsoil.
CONDUCTING AN INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AUDIT AT OIL AND GAS FACILITIES
Authors: Fedosov Artyom V. , Alekseev Vladimir Yu. , Elizaveta Fedosova A. , Verzyn Artyom D.
Published: November 2024

In modern conditions, it has become necessary to partially shift responsibilities for supervision and control of industrial safety without deterioration of quality from the state to business. Large-scale oil and gas companies have a great demand for an independent assessment of industrial safety at hazardous production facilities, due to a significant increase in financial costs for eliminating the consequences of accidents at hazardous production facilities of I and II hazard classes. The state is interested in controlling a new type of activity and expanding the regulatory framework for industrial safety. President of the Russian Federation Vladimir V. Putin signed Federal Law No. 637-FZ dated December 25, 2023, which amends the Federal Law «On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities» and some other legislative acts. One of the key innovations is the introduction of the Institute for Audit of Industrial Safety Management Systems. This article analyzes the best existing practices of conducting industrial safety audits in large-scale oil and gas companies of the Russian Federation. Particular emphasis was placed on identifying the advantages and positive aspects of implementing such activities in organizations like Rosneft, Gazprom and Lukoil. The issues of assessing the compliance of hazardous production facilities in the oil and gas complex with the requirements of legislation in the field of industrial safety by conducting an industrial safety audit were raised. The purpose of the work is to develop a step-by-step algorithm for conducting an industrial safety audit for oil and gas facilities. The industrial safety audit algorithm includes four steps: preparation for the audit, documentary analysis, full-scale audit, and registration of the results. The result of an industrial safety audit is an audit report drawn up at the final meeting of auditors and customers, based on documentary and in-kind inspections. This document is necessary for the management of the enterprise and the supervisory authorities of the Russian Federation. Industrial safety audit provides a number of significant advantages that help organizations to identify deviations from mandatory requirements established in the field of industrial safety. This makes it possible to detect violations in a timely manner and promptly take the necessary corrective measures to eliminate the identified problems. As a result, effective audit contributes to improving the overall safety level at enterprises, preventing possible risks and reducing the possibility of emergencies.
EFFECTIVE DOSAGE OF CORROSION INHIBITORS FOR OILFIELD EQUIPMENT PROTECTION FROM LOCALIZED CARBON DIOXIDE CORROSION
Authors: Fot Kirill S. , Tkacheva Valeriya E. , Garfutdinov Ilshat F. , Markin Andrey N.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of laboratory tests of the industrial corrosion inhibitor VITERASOYUZ-2000 of the BP-2 brand (class of imidazolines) used in the oil and gas industry. In 2021, one of the vertically integrated companies purchased 20 thousand tons of this reagent, which is 10 % of the total purchased volume. The volume of corrosion inhibitors purchased by the company annually (~ 200 thousand t) is 97 % a product of domestic manufacturers. The main line of inhibitors purchased in 2021 is represented by the following brands: Sonkor (> 40 thousand  t), Azol (~ 40 thousand t), Kormaster (> 30 thousand t), UnoKem (~ 30 thousand t), VITERASOYUZ (~ 20 thousand t), Scimol (> 10 thousand t), ETK (~ 10 thousand t), others (~ 20 thousand t). These reagents were used to inhibit carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and mixed corrosion of oilfield equipment.In order to evaluate the effectiveness of inhibitors in suppressing local carbon dioxide corrosion and determine their effective dosage laboratory studies were performed using a specially developed authors’ technique. A distinctive feature of the technique is the modeling of an essential feature of corrosion processes occurring in real oilfield systems in the presence of carbon dioxide – a high rate of local corrosion exceeding the corrosion rate by 2–9 times. The standard environment and conditions of laboratory experiments used in laboratory tests make it possible to reproduce local corrosion damage visible and measured using a needle micrometer (> 0.01 mm) on corrosion control samples by the weight method. It is shown that the protective effect of the corrosion inhibitor VITERASOYUZ-2000 of the BP-2 brand in relation to local corrosion is achieved at a dosage of 100–150 mg/dm3.The practical significance of the research is shown by a retrospective analysis of data from weight (gravimetric) corrosion monitoring during industrial testing of corrosion inhibitors, which confirm that the use of «traditional» dosages of 15–40 mg/dm3 (based on the total volume of liquid = oil + water) with a high protective effect against corrosion consumption («general corrosion») do not provide a protective effect against local corrosion. It is noted that in some cases, corrosion inhibitors, due to reducing corrosion consumption, can not help only reduce the rate of local corrosion, but, on the contrary, stimulate its development. The target of the tests is to increase the reliability of pipeline operation and environmental safety while reducing the increase in accidents and the number of failures.
STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING WASTE EXTRACTED FROM THE PRODUCTION OF MINERAL WOOL TO REMOVE PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FROM AQUEOUS MEDIA
Authors: Valiev Radik R. , Sanatullova Zemfira T. , Shaikhiev Ildar G. , Sverguzova Svetlana V.
Published: November 2024

The physicochemical properties of waste from the production of mineral wool from gabbro-diabase as sorption materials for the removal of hydrocarbons from aqueous media were studied. The mineral and elemental compositions of gabbro-diabase powder and mineral wool based on it were determined by X-ray analysis. The values of the maximum oil and petroleum capacity in relation to the oils of the Devonian and carbon deposits, as well as industrial oils of the I-20A and I-40A brands and motor oil of the 5W-40 brand were determined. The effect of processing with an organosilicon liquid of the GKZH-11 brand on the oil capacity, water absorption and buoyancy of the sorption material under study was studied. It is shown that the treatment of fibrous waste from the production of mineral wool with a 1 % solution of siloxane liquid contributes to a significant decrease in water absorption and an increase in buoyancy and oil absorption when removing hydrocarbons from the water surface.
STUDY OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND POTENTIAL CONTENT OF FRACTIONS OF GAS CONDENSATE OF AL-MASILA FIELDS
Authors: Saleh Ahmed Taha Abdullah Galeb , Gilmutdinov Amir T. , Al-Qadasi Omar Khaled Abduljalil Ahmed
Published: November 2024

The results of determining the physicochemical characteristics of gas condensate produced at the Al-Masila fields are presented. Key indicators include density, vapor pressure, viscosity at various temperatures, pour point, content of water, chloride salts, sulfur, asphaltenes and metals. All measurements were carried out in accordance with current State Standards and methods. The potential content of gas condensate fractions by boiling point, determined by the true distillation method using AUTOMAXX 9400 equipment, is also described.
ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Authors: Abdrakhmanov Nail Kh. , Vadulina Nadezhda V. , Filippov Maksim A. , Filippova Ilvina I.
Published: November 2024

In the modern world, the oil and gas industry plays a key role in ensuring the energy security of countries. An important problem of this industry is the high level of accidents on main pipelines. The importance of issues of ensuring the safety of production processes and working conditions of personnel is obvious: accidents that occur at enterprises can paralyze work for a long time, attracting the attention of the media and regulatory authorities, causing not only financial but also significant image damage. In connection with the above, the analysis and statistical study of accidents in this area have become relevant in recent years. Occupational safety measures include risk assessment at workplaces, briefings, medical examinations, provision of personnel with personal protective equipment, special assessment of workplaces, occupational safety days, etc. In order to restore the technical and economic indicators of the oil and gas industry, increase reliability and trouble-free operation, complexes of measures are carried out to repair, reconstruct and modernize the components of the main gas pipeline. Ensuring industrial safety during repair work depends on both the reliability of the process equipment and the reliability of the personnel, since a significant number of accidents and incidents occur due to reasons related to the influence of the human factor. Many studies have been devoted to the problem of management in the field of labor protection and ensuring safety at work. Despite the significant number of works, a practical lack of developments on the issues of managing the processes of ensuring safety and labor protection at enterprises in the oil and gas industry has been discovered, which indicates the need for a more in-depth study of this topic.
AUVAsicher: Das österreichische Modell der Präventionsberatung für Klein- und Mittelbetriebe
Authors:   Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Wien, Libowitzky Barbara
Published: November 2024

The Austrian model of prevention consulting for small and medium-sized enterprises In the changing working environment, companies must ensure the health and safety of their employees and comply with legal requirements. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in particular often have limited resources for occupational health and safety measures. This is where the Austrian “AUVAsicher” model comes in.
Neues Master-Studium MSc (CE) Arbeits- und Organisationsmedizin vereint fachliche Vertiefung mit einer interdisziplinären Kompetenzerweiterung: ein Meilenstein für den Erhalt von Expertise im Fach Arbeitsmedizin in Österreich
Authors:   Österreichische Akademie für Arbeitsmedizin und Prävention (AAMP), Wien, Koth Stefan , Hochgatterer Karl ,   Österreichische Akademie für Arbeitsmedizin und Prävention (AAMP), Wien
Published: November 2024

New Master‘s program MSc (CE) in Occupational and Organizational Medicine combines in-depth specialized knowledge with interdisciplinary skill enhancement: a milestone for acquiring expert knowledge in Occupational Medicine in Austria A new Master’s program offered by the Austrian Academy for Occupational Medicine and Prevention (AAMP) in cooperation with Medical University of Vienna provides occupational physicians, for the first time, with comprehensive advanced training at the specialist level in their core competency of occupational medicine, combined with the interdisciplinary skill enhancement that has already proven successful in previous Master’s programs in organizational medicine. The following article provides an overview of occupational medicine and organizational medicine as components of holistic occupational health management as well as the objectives, content and structure of the new academic continuing education program.
Fostering Tech Integration: Teachers' Attitudes Mediating Lifelong Learning and Technology Integration Self-Efficacy
Authors: Aytaç Alper , Alemdar Melek , Akay Yasin , Avcu Yunus Emre
Published: November 2024

What matters in education now is teaching and learning in a transformational era. It is primarily about what we demand from education and how we acquire information. To manage the dynamism of learning and teaching, it is crucial to research the teachers’ integration of technology in the context of lifelong education. This study investigates how teachers’ perspectives of lifelong learning and technology attitudes influence technology integration self-efficacy. A structural equation model was constructed to represent the causal relationships between variables. In the 2021-2022 academic year, 386 teachers from various high schools in Eskişehir, Türkiye, were selected using the stratified sampling method. Descriptive analysis and simple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis determined the structural validity of the scales. The validity of the structural equation model was tested by means of path analysis and the model was found to be acceptable. Results show that teacher attitudes mediate between lifelong learning and technology integration self-efficacy, thereby influencing successful technology integration in the classroom. Examining the relationship between teachers’ perceptions of lifelong learning and their level of competence in adapting to technological advances is expected to contribute to relevant studies in this area.
A Netnographic Study on The Reasons Why People Fail to Learn English
Authors: Acar Sibel Can , Cesur Kürşat , Mikhailova Tatyana , Akshulakova Bibigul
Published: November 2024

In a global and digital world, learning a language, especially English is essential for people to keep up with the developments in science, business, technology, etc. Despite starting to learn English early, students might not always reach desired proficiency levels. Therefore, the present study aims to find out some of the reasons why people fail to learn English. Employing a netnographic approach, the researchers examined asynchronous comments posted in online communities on a social media platform. Within the scope of this study, 198 comments answering the question of why people fail to learn English were obtained from three online groups of English language teachers on Facebook. The findings show that 154 out of 198 comments aimed to answer the question. They were analyzed through content analysis, which revealed that there are educational, social, personal, and linguistic reasons why people fail to learn English. Educational reasons were among the most mentioned reasons by the members of the communities. In addition, the analysis indicates a balanced representation of linguistic and personal factors, with social factors slightly less prominent in comparison. Considering the existing literature review, several implications are highlighted to overcome the difficulties and challenges of learning English. Finally, this study is limited by its reliance on Facebook posts collected within a specific timeframe; future research could enhance depth and scope by incorporating longitudinal methods, diverse social media platforms, and in-depth interviews.
Investigation of the Items Prepared by Teachers Who Received Training on Item Preparation Measuring Higher-Order Thinking Skills
Authors: Bolat Ahmet , Karamustafaoğlu Sevilay
Published: November 2024

This study was conducted to determine how the in-service training program for science teachers affects teachers' competencies in preparing items measuring higher order learning levels. The study was conducted with the exploratory special case design, which is one of the special case study models. The study group consisted of 8 science teachers who participated in the training program implemented within the scope of the study. The training program is an 8-week question preparation training that measures higher-order thinking skills. The training was carried out theoretically and practically by science education, assessment and evaluation and curriculum experts. During the study, the teachers prepared items to measure higher order thinking skills related to the Earth and Universe learning area in the science curriculum for six months. A 21-item checklist developed by the researcher was used as a data collection tool in the study. The data obtained in the scope of the program were analyzed descriptively. The analyses were reported as frequency and percentage, and the results were visualised with graphs. At the end of the program, it was determined that 43% of the items prepared by the teachers measured higher-order thinking skills. This finding suggests that the training program positively affected the teachers' competence in writing items that measure higher-order thinking skills. At the end of the study, a fair number of suggestions were made, the most important being the widespread implementation of the training program.
Following the Innovations in A Learning Organization Perspective: To Follow, or Not to Follow
Authors: Demir Cihad , Kara Mehmet , Çakır Recep
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate school administrators and teachers’ following innovations in pre-school education in terms of the learning organization perspective. We examined their following the innovations in terms of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Competencies, 21st Century Skills, and Innovative School. A total of 207 participants (School Administrators N =33 & Teachers N = 174) were recruited in this research. The data collections tools were Information and Communication Technology Competency Scale (ICTC), Multidimensional 21st Century Skills Scale, and Innovative School Scale (ISS). Our results have shown that school administrators and teachers have positive attitudes towards following innovations in education. Participants, however, have some concerns over innovative atmosphere and organizational impediments in terms of the innovative school. Further, the results in innovative school showed a statistically significant difference in favor of male participants. The results of the regression analysis have revealed that there is a significant relationship between multidimensional 21st century skills and the innovative school variables at a high level. Although the participants' multidimensional 21st century skills significantly predicted their innovative school scores, we found that the ICT Competence variable alone did not predict or affect it. Limitations and recommendations for future research are provided, as well.
Optimizing Collaboration and Communication Skills of Pre-Service Biology Teachers Based on Cognitive Styles through Scientific Paper Tasks
Authors: Cintamulya Imas , Murtini Iin , Warli Warli
Published: November 2024

Collaboration and communication have become essential skills in biology learning today. This research aims to describe pre-service biology teacher students' collaboration and communication skills based on reflective and impulsive cognitive styles through scientific paper tasks. This research is designated employing exploratory research using quantitative and qualitative paradigms. The subjects were five reflective and five impulsive students. This study used a familiar figure-matching test to assess cognitive style and an observation sheet to evaluate collaboration and communication skills. The results reveal that impulsive students with high collaboration skills are more than 50%, while reflective students with high collaboration skills are less than 50%. Reflective and impulsive students show distinct strengths in various indicators of communication skills. This research concludes that impulsive students' collaboration skills are superior to those of reflective students. Based on the communication skills indicators, impulsive and reflective students each have different advantages in communication skills. The results have implications for improving the quality of pre-service biology teacher graduates. Pre-service biology teacher students who can write scientific papers will have their 21st-century skills trained. The 21st-century skills trained in writing scientific papers include collaboration and communication, critical thinking, creativity, and digital and information literacy. These 21st-century skills are essential for individuals, including teachers, to face complex problems in the global era.
Extraction Protocol for untargeted LC-MS/MS - Animal tissues v1
Authors: Caraballo Mauricio , Tawfik Marwa , Tseng Janet
Published: November 2024

This protocol details the preparation of animal tissue samples for untargeted metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). It covers sample collection, homogenization, metabolite extraction, and preparation for LC-MS/MS analysis.
Manual segmentation of histology images v1
Authors: Schwartz Lauren , Da Kuang Derek , O'Neill Kate , Hernandez Harley
Published: November 2024

Here we manually segmented histology images to denote functional tissue units, using the QuPath application.
ANALYSIS OF MODERN OVERTOURISM MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
Authors:   Yuri Fedkovich Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Tsependa Mykola Mykhailovych , Nakonechnyi Kostyantyn Petrovych ,   Yuri Fedkovich Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the research is to carry out an overview of modern definitions of the concept of overtourism (excessive tourism); describe the main areas of balanced management of tourist activities; reveal the most common approaches to the management of overtourism in destinations; to develop a set of measures aimed at solving the problems of overturism. Method. To solve the main tasks of the research, an analysis of available literary sources (first of all, scientific periodicals in open access) of domestic and foreign authors who studied this issue was carried out. Based on the analyzed data using methods of comparison and generalization, key measures to prevent overtourism and combat its consequences in destinations are outlined. A synthesis of the mentioned measures was carried out and a circle of modern strategies of overtourism management was outlined. The results. The essence and main definitions of the concept of "overtourism" (excessive tourism) by domestic and foreign scientists are described; the evolution of managerial influence on the tourism industry is analyzed; the main measures in the field of tourism management and overtourism implemented by central and local authorities are summarized; key strategies for balanced tourism management in destinations are described. Scientific novelty. An overview of modern interpretations of the concept of "overtourism" was carried out. The main administrative and management measures implemented by central and local authorities in order to effectively manage tourism and prevent the negative consequences of overtourism are summarized. The foreign experience of overtourism management in the most overcrowded destinations with tourists is presented in the form of a number of strategies. The key features of each of the strategies and the tools for their implementation are revealed. Practical significance. The article specifies the essence of the concept of overtourism, and also provides a range of tools that can be used to effectively prevent the occurrence of excessive tourism and combat its consequences. Optimization of tourism management on the basis of balanced development will allow to rationalize tourist consumption in destinations overloaded with tourists, to make the transition from overtourism to sustainable tourism. The results of the research can be used by tourism administrations of state authorities, business entities, and other parties interested in the development of tourism.
FEATURES OF THE OFFER AND APPLICATION OF MARKETING TOOLS IN PROMOTING TOURIST PRODUCTS ON THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ITS CONJUNCTURE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Smyrnov Igor , Liubitseva Olha ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Hryniuk Diana ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Verbytska Karina ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the article is to explore marketing tools applied in the promotion of tourist products both globally and in Ukraine. The study focuses on a multifaceted approach to the proposal and application of marketing tools in promoting tourist products, taking into account the current time, existing challenges, and transformations. Research Methodology. The methodology involves the systematic organization of scientific, scientific-journalistic, statistical information, journalistic investigations, and research, as well as the utilization of personal scientific-practical experience using analysis and synthesis of a multitude of literary sources regarding the issues of forming tourist products and the development of the tourism industry in the realities of wartime. Various research methods were used in writing the article, encompassing both general scientific and specialized approaches, including literary analysis, statistical analysis, historiography and chronology methods, as well as forecasting and generalization methods. The scientific novelty lies in identifying modern methods for promoting tourist products in the international and Ukrainian tourism service markets, considering updated trends and challenges of the time. Research Results. The results of scientific investigations in this domain allow for the synthesis of existing scientific knowledge on the application of marketing tools in tourism. They contribute to formulating algorithms for creating more dynamic and competitive marketing strategies aimed at attracting diverse audiences. Collaboration between different directions of tourism specialization and individual segments (such as hotel and restaurant business, transportation, hospitality) forms new experiences and requires continuous analysis and adaptation to the market of the progressive tourism industry. Practical Significance. The results of scientific investigations can be utilized for strategic planning and promoting tourist products. These studies will provide tourism enterprises with a new target audience, increase demand for tourist products and services, and ultimately lead to increased profits.
Current aspects of the organization of first aid to military personnel of the NATO bloc (using the example of the Bundeswehr army)
Authors: Gorichny Victor A. , Shulenin Nikolai S. , Golovko Konstantin P. , Denisov Alexey V. , Vinskiy Alexander A. , Kolesnik Akim A.
Published: November 2024

The study examines the most pressing issues of the organization of first aid to military personnel in the countries of the NATO bloc (using the example of the Bundeswehr army). It has been established that the system of first aid to the wounded and injured is based on the principles of “tactical medicine”, including the possession by military personnel of algorithms for providing assistance in the “red” and “yellow” combat zones, as well as methods of evacuation to the stage of medical care. It is emphasized that in order to quickly and effectively carry out self- and mutual assistance activities on the battlefield, NATO military personnel have appropriate training in the use of a standard individual first aid kit. It is shown that the Bundeswehr army has successfully implemented a training program consisting of two consecutive and logically related medical training courses: an initial training cycle (course “A”) and a special medical training course (course “B”). Only military personnel who have successfully completed both training courses are allowed to provide first aid in combat and emergency situations. It was revealed that within the framework of initial military training, students master a set of measures for phased first aid to the wounded and injured in accordance with the “C–A–B–C–D–E” scheme. The subsequent course of special medical training is aimed at training military personnel in emergency resuscitation measures in conditions as close as possible to combat.
The purpose of the study was to analyze the literature data devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the existing system of first aid to the wounded and injured in the armies of NATO countries, including in the aspect of the organization of the training process for servicemen. The research methodology included the analysis of scientific publications selected from domestic and foreign databases, such as e-Library and PubMed.
The methods of content analysis, synthesis, method of historical comparison, and bibliographic research method were used.
Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging in patients with multiple sclerosis before and after high-dose immunosuppressive therapy and autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Potemkina Elena A. , Trufanov Artem G. , Efimtsev Alexander Yu. , Polushin Aleksey Yu. , Volgina Victoria V. , Filin Yana A.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multifocal foci of demyelination in the central nervous system, usually affecting people of working age. The disease causes damage to the blood-brain barrier, the development of multifocal inflammation, destruction of the myelin sheath of axons and various degrees of damage. It is clinically manifested by restriction of motor activity, visual acuity, as well as other symptoms leading to loss of performance and disability of the patient.
AIM: determination of changes in the functional connectivity of brain neural networks in patients with multiple sclerosis before and after high-dose immunosuppressive therapy and autologous
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by performing functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data of functional magnetic resonance imaging of patients with multiple sclerosis were analyzed in dynamics before and after the use of high-dose immunosuppressive therapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The study involved 25 patients with a verified diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Each underwent complex magnetic resonance imaging at two time points (before and after high-dose immunosuppressive therapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) with a difference of 12 months, which included structural magnetic resonance imaging - in order to exclude the presence of pathological foci in the brain (in addition to foci of multiple sclerosis) and functional magnetic resonance imaging.-resonance imaging at rest — to assess functional connectivity. Also, according to the method generally accepted in classical neurology, a clinical neurological examination was performed.
RESULTS: At the stage of comparing data on the two groups obtained using functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest, changes in functional activity were detected in various parts of the brain, presumably responsible for clinical differences in the studied groups.
CONCLUSION: Currently, the links between brain structures and morphological changes that cause cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis are being studied. To predict the progression of the disease, the development of biomarkers, including those based on functional magnetic resonance imaging, is required. Evaluating changes in the functional connectivity of brain neural networks can help personalize therapeutic and rehabilitation approaches.
Modern methods of diagnostics of syncopal conditions in servicemen
Authors: Tyuryupov Mark S. , Shershneva Arina A. , Butikov Vladimir P. , Kutelev Gennadiy G.
Published: November 2024

The review article is devoted to modern methods of diagnosing syncope, which is becoming more and more common among young people every year. This article discusses the causes and mechanisms of syncope, as well as methods of diagnosing and differentiating it. Particular attention is paid to syncope that occurs as a result of orthostatic hypotension. Unfortunately, syncope has long been ignored by both doctors and patients. It is not uncommon for patients to ignore isolated episodes of loss of consciousness, explaining them by lifestyle features. A long absence of any diagnosis, and, as a consequence, treatment leads to the progression of the underlying disease that provokes this syncope. But the problem of diagnosing syncope depends not only on patients, but also on doctors. Due to the lack of a clear algorithm that allows for accurate diagnosis of syncope and differentiation, doctors’ diagnostic capabilities are limited. However, this is not the only problem, since the lack of special equipment in most medical institutions also affects the quality of syncope diagnostics. Tilt test is currently the gold standard in syncope diagnostics according to the 2018 European Society of Cardiology recommendations. The equipment is expensive, and the diagnostic ability of this method does not provide the desired results for diagnosis verification. Today, the attitude to this problem is changing and in 2023, the development of a plan of clinical recommendations of the Russian Society of Cardiology began, where syncope is highlighted in a separate chapter. Accurate diagnostics of syncope is needed not only to determine the underlying disease. In the clinical practice of a doctor, there are often cases of simulation of syncope by young people of draft age for personal purposes. It is practically impossible to clinically confirm the presence of syncope in the past at the moment (especially if it was a single episode of loss of consciousness). The lack of a clear algorithm significantly complicates the verification of the diagnosis. The purpose of writing this article was to study the most effective diagnostic methods that allow you to most accurately determine the cause of syncope.
Military medicine of modern hybrid wars
Authors: Ovchinnikov Dmitrii V. , Ivchenko Evgeniy V.
Published: November 2024

During the hybrid armed conflict in which Russia became involved — the Special Military Operation — the medical service of the Armed Forces faced a number of challenges. This review analyzes foreign publications indexed in PubMed® concerning the conditions and factors affecting the activities of the medical services of armed forces, primarily those of NATO countries. It was revealed that a limiting factor for operational effectiveness is the staffing levels and qualitative composition of medical personnel, their preparedness to provide care for the specific pathologies of wartime, and maintaining these competencies in an up-to-date state. Important conditions for successful provision of medical care are preserving the integrity of medical facilities during targeted attacks on them, and the ability to use infrastructure in hostile or newly occupied territories. Prehospital care serves as a limiting factor in reducing lethality, with the main causes being fatal hemorrhages and head injuries from mine-blast trauma. Proper tourniquet application, rapid evacuation, and blood transfusions make the greatest contribution to reducing prehospital mortality. Among casualties, those with limb wounds are most significant, as they subsequently create the greatest social burden on the state, exceeding the “years lived with disability” parameter for all other disease classes, including oncological and cardiovascular diseases. In modern conflicts, the most dangerous in terms of lethality are mine-blast injuries (61.4–83.5%) and head injuries (20.9–59.0%), and in terms of subsequent disease burden, limb injuries (45.7%) constitute an absolute majority and are the point of focus for the main efforts of the medical services of the warring states’ armed forces. At the same time, there are no unified approaches regarding the place of application of qualified and specialized care among countries.
Epidemiological analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 among the population of the Republic of Cameroon using the quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS)
Authors: Youmba Eben Anne Catherine , Kuzin Aleksandr A. , Zobov Andrey E. , Dieffi Tchifou Miltiade
Published: November 2024

The results of a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 in the regions of the Republic of Cameroon in dynamics from 2020 to 2023 are presented. It was noted that COVID-19 cases were first reported in the Central Region of Cameroon, and then spread to the remaining 9 administrative regions of the country with an average weekly growth rate of 38.1 ± 18.6% in 2020, 15.3 ± 13.1% in 2021, and 13.4 ± 12.2% in 2022, respectively, however, the incidence rate varied significantly in time and space. Epidemiological analysis made it possible to rank the territory of Cameroon by the magnitude of the incidence rate. The highest rate was recorded in the North region (233.1‰), in the Coastal region (204.9‰) and in the Center region (173.7‰). The regions of Adamawa and the Far North had the lowest incidence rates (25.6‰ and 22.5‰, respectively). The results of a comparative analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 infection by time and territory and factors contributing to the rapid spread of infection are presented. Comparative mapping of reported COVID-19 cases in space and time was performed for the 10 administrative regions of the country using the full version of the QGIS (quantum GIS) LTR program; with the help of which the distribution of cases across the territory and dynamics over time was clearly shown. During the study period, the link between COVID-19 cases reported in Cameroon and neighboring African countries was demonstrated. It has been shown that the distribution of cases in the national territory does not always depend on the population density in administrative areas, but is also associated with other risk factors that may affect the occurrence and spread of COVID-19 cases.
Manifestations of toxic pulmonary edema during respiratory support in an experiment
Authors: Yaroshenko Dmitry M. , Khovpachev Alexey A. , Ilatovskaya Julia D. , Gracheva Galina Y. , Tolkach Pavel G. , Basharin Vadim A.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Currently, respiratory support is successfully used to treat pulmonary edema of non-toxic origin. The manifestations of pulmonary edema of non-toxic origin and toxic pulmonary edema have similar features, so respiratory support can be effective in treating the latter.
AIM: To describe the manifestations of toxic pulmonary edema in rabbits and demonstrate the effectiveness of artificial pulmonary ventilation with support of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in case of severe intoxication with thermal destruction products of fluoroplastic-4.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three rabbits were used in the study: rabbit N 1 (control), rabbit N 2 (intoxication) and rabbit N 3 (treatment). Rabbits N 2 and 3 were subjected to severe intoxication with thermal destruction products of fluoroplastic-4 (1,5 HLC50, 15 min). For treatment, rabbit N 3 (treatment), an hour after exposure, underwent mechanical ventilation with PEEP (pressure-controlled mode; oxygen fraction — 0,3; starting PEEP — 5 cm H2O, tidal volume — 20–25 ml). At various times, chest radiography was performed, oxygenation index, hemoglobin saturation (SaO2), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in exhaled air (PetCO2) were determined. Posthumously, pathological changes in lung tissue, pulmonary coefficient were determined, and histological examination was performed.
RESULTS: Exposure of rabbit N 2 (intoxication) to the thermal destruction products of fluoroplastic-4 led to the sequential formation of the interstitial and alveolar phases of toxic pulmonary edema, which contributed to its death 13 hours after exposure. As SaO2 decreased and PetCO2 increased (3 and 5 hours after exposure), in rabbit N 3 (treatment), during respiratory support, PEEP was increased twice by 2 cm H2O (maintaining a given respiratory volume), which led to the normalization of the studied parameters. On the 7th day after exposure, the condition of rabbit N 3 (treatment) did not differ from the condition of rabbit N 1 (control); no pathological changes in the respiratory system were detected.
CONCLUSION: Carrying out mechanical ventilation with PEEP, started an hour after exposure (with a stepwise increase in PEEP as the condition worsens), is effective for correcting toxic pulmonary edema in rabbits caused by severe intoxication with the thermal destruction products of fluoroplastic-4.
Functional study of the brain based on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with insomnia disorders
Authors: Borshevetskaya Anastasia A. , Efimtsev Alexander Yu. , Trufanov Gennady E. , Sviryaev Yurii V. , Amelina Valeria V. , Sebelev Konstantin I. , Filin Yana A. , Beregovskii Daniil A.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Insomnia has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. Despite the progress in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of insomnia, the possibilities of its objective diagnosis remain insufficiently studied. This study can contribute to understanding the neural mechanisms of insomnia, contribute to the development of new diagnostic and treatment methods, and personalize therapeutic approaches to improve the quality of life of patients with insomnia disorders.
AIM: to evaluate changes in the brain connectome in patients with psychophysiological and paradoxical insomnia by performing functional magnetic resonance imaging.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 31 patients were examined who applied for a somnologist appointment at the Federal State Budgetary Institution Almazov National Medical Research Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation with diagnosed chronic insomnia. All patients underwent polysomnographic examination using Embla N 7000 (Natus, USA) and SOMNO HD (SOMNOmedics, Germany) for one night with an assessment of the main characteristics of sleep according to the rules of AASM 2.5. Also, all study participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain on tomographs with a magnetic field induction force of 3.0 Tl at two time points. Statistical analysis of MRI data was performed using MathLab 2023a, CONN v22.a packages. Descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov criterion were used for processing materials, depending on the characteristics of the data, the Mann–Whitney U-criterion and Pearson Chi-squared were used to analyze demographic data.
DISCUSSION: The study demonstrates the possibilities of functional magnetic resonance imaging in obtaining data on the functional connections of the brain in insomnia. The detected changes in the activity of various brain regions indirectly or directly involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness are consistent with the most common pathogenetic models of insomnia, in particular with the theory of hyperactivation and the model of sleep reactivity to stress.
CONCLUSION: The results of the study emphasize the relevance of studying functional changes in the brain in insomnia, opening up new opportunities for more accurate diagnosis and the development of personalized treatment methods.
Intestinal malrotation in newborns and infants: comparative possibilities of ultrasound and radiologic methods of investigation
Authors: Anpilogova Kristina S. , Filin Yana A. , Polyakova Elena V. , Sukhotskaya Anna A. , Sebelev Konstantin I. , Trufanov Gennady E.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Intestinal malrotation is a congenital pathology that results from abnormal fixation and rotation of the midgut during fetal development. This pathological condition is most often diagnosed during the first month of life and is often manifested by the presence of regurgitation, restlessness, vomiting with an admixture of bile, low weight gain. The narrow root of the mesentery facilitates the formation of midgut ingestion, which can lead to ischemia and necrosis and requires urgent surgical intervention. Ultrasound and radiologic examination with contrast are currently used to diagnose malrotation.
AIM: To improve the diagnosis of intestinal malrotation in newborns and infants by carrying out a comparative analysis of the capabilities of radiologic and ultrasound methods of investigation when they are used in combination.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 112 patients aged from 1 day from birth to 3 months 26 days between 2016 and 2024 with ultrasound signs of malrotation detected by microconvex and linear transducers were analyzed. 50 children were further followed up with this provisional or final diagnosis. Contrast agent passages and irrigographs were performed on an AXIOM Luminos DRF (Siemens), with 1 to 15 radiographs and up to 8 X-ray examination series obtained.
RESULTS: The most common ultrasound sign of malrotation was atypical location of mesenteric vessels, and the most common radiologic sign was left-sided location of the colon and high standing of the cecum. Assessment of the location of the duodenojejunal junction was complicated in most cases. Surgery was performed in 17 children, one of them for suspected intestinal obstruction, and a ring-shaped pancreas was found in 4 patients. The diagnosis of malrotation was made in 40 children out of 50, in 4 cases this was discordant with the radiologic findings. Concomitant abnormal location of internal organs was detected in 12 patients.
CONCLUSION: Screening ultrasound examination of all newborns should be considered as the pathology may be asymptomatic. It is important to include suspicion of malrotation in the diagnosis because of the possible manifestation of the pathology at a later age. It is currently not possible to completely abandon radiologic examination with contrast in the diagnosis of malrotation.
A Novel Approach to Defect Detection in Arabica Coffee Beans Using Deep Learning: Investigating Data Augmentation and Model Optimization
Authors: Ardian Yusriel , Irawan Novta Danyel , Sutoko Sutoko , Astawa I Nyoman Gede Arya , Purnama Ida Bagus Irawan , Dwiyanto Felix Andika
Published: November 2024

Arabica coffee beans have valuable market worth because of their taste and quality, and there are defects like wholly and partially black beans that can lower the standards of a product, especially in the premium coffee sector. However, the manual processes used to detect the defects take an inordinate amount of time and are inefficient. This study aims to bridge the knowledge gap on the automated detection and recognition of the defects present in the Arabica coffee beans by creating and optimizing a CNN model based on a modified VGG16 architecture. The model applies data augmentation, rotation, cropping, and Bayesian hyperparameter optimization to improve defect detectability and expedite the training period. During testing, the defined model demonstrated excellent efficiency in defect detection, with a 97.29% confidence level, which was higher than that of the modified VGG16 and Slim-CNN models. The goal of the second optimization was an improvement of the practical application of the model. In terms of the time it takes for a model to be trained, approximately 30% of the time was saved. These findings present a consistent and effective way for the mass production processes of coffee to have quality control procedures automated. The model's ability to detect defects in other agricultural items makes it attractive, thus serving as a practical example of how AI can impact effective management in the inspection processes. The research further enriches the study of deep learning applications in agriculture by demonstrating how to efficiently address specific defect detection problems through an optimized convolutional neural network model.