bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Random telegraph dispersion-management: modulational instability
Authors: Armaroli Andrea , Conforti Matteo
Published: November 2023

We study modulational instability in a fiber system resembling a dispersion-managed link where the sign of the group-velocity dispersion varies randomly according to a telegraph
process. We find that the instability gain of stochastic origin converges, for long fiber segment
mean length (the inverse of the transition rate between the two values), to the conventional values
found in a homogeneous anomalous dispersion fiber. For short fiber segments, the gain bands are
broadened and the maximum gain decreases. By employing correlation splitting formulas, we
obtain closed form equations that allow us to estimate the instability gain from the linearized
nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We compare the analytical to the numerical results obtained in a
Monte Carlo spirit. The analysis is proven to be correct not only for a fluctuating group-velocity
dispersion, but also including fourth-order dispersion (both constant or varying according to a
synchronous or independent telegraph process). These results may allow researchers to tailor
and control modulational instability sidebands, with applications in telecommunications and
parametric photon sources.
Prevalence of Salmonella species and factors associated with contamination of mechanically recovered poultry meat imported into South Africa, 2016–2017
Authors: Ndobeni Tandile Nwabisa , Magwedere Kudakwashe , Qekwana Daniel Nenene
Published: November 2023

Background and Aim: Mechanically recovered meat (MRM) products have been linked to outbreaks of human salmonellosis. However, no studies have investigated the prevalence of Salmonella species in MRM products in South Africa despite the products being imported. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with Salmonella spp. contamination of mechanically recovered poultry meat (MRPM) imported into South Africa.

Materials and Methods: This study used secondary data of MRPM consignments imported through a port entry into South Africa from May 2016 to December 2017. Crude and factor-specific proportions of Salmonella positive MRPM and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association among country, season, importer, year, and MRPM Salmonella status.

Results: A total of 8127 MRPM consignments were imported. Seventeen percentages (17.18%, 985/5733) of consignments tested positive for Salmonella species and only 364 isolates were serotyped. Salmonella Heidelberg (73.90%, 269/364) was the most common serotype followed by Salmonella Infantis (6.59%, 24/364), Salmonella Salamae (4.67%, 17/364), and Salmonella Schwarzengrund (3.57%, 13/364). The odds of a consignment testing positive for Salmonella spp. was higher among consignments from country-B (Odds Ratio [OR]: 3.958, p < 0.0001) compared to “All others.” The odds of testing positive for Salmonella were also higher among consignments imported in autumn (OR: 1.488, p < 0.0001) but lower among those imported in spring (OR: 0.767, p = 0.0004) and summer (OR: 0.843, p < 0.0001) when compared to the winter season. Consignments imported in 2016 compared to 2017 were 1.563 times (p < 0.0001) as likely to test positive for a Salmonella species.

Conclusion: Salmonella species were reported in MRPM consignments in this study with Salmonella Heidelberg being the most common serotype. Furthermore, some Salmonella serotypes reported in this study have been implicated in foodborne disease outbreaks. Country of origin, season, and year of importation were significantly associated with the odds of a consignment testing positive for Salmonella species.

Keywords: foodborne, import, mechanically recovered poultry meat, risk factors, Salmonella, zoonoses.
The Effects of Green Open Spaces on Microclimate and Thermal Comfort in Three Integrated Campus in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Ambarwati Nurwidya , Faida Lies Rahayu Wijayanti , Marhaento Hero
Published: November 2023

This study aims to assess the effect of green open space (GOS) on the microclimate and thermal comfort in three integrated campuses namely Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY), and Universitas Pembangunan Nasional (UPN) Veteran. In order to achieve the research objective, three main steps were conducted. First, we mapped the GOS area and density of the three integrated campuses using a high-resolution satellite imagery. Second, three microclimate parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were measured to each detected green spaces in the morning (08:00 am), at noon (01:00 pm), and afternoon (5:00 pm). Subsequently, the results of microclimate measurements were used to calculate the level of thermal comfort using Thermal Humidity Index (THI) method. Third, we carried out statistical analysis to investigate the correlation between the distribution and the density of GOS and the microclimate conditions. The results showed that a negative (-) correlation occurred between the pattern and density of GOS with temperature and wind speed indicating that clustered GOS significantly reduces the air temperature as well as the wind speed. On the contrary, the relative humidity has been increased. UPN campus has the highest temperature and wind speed and the lowest humidity among other campuses. According to the results of THI, a 100% of the UPN areas are uncomfortable, while at UGM and UMY 42,08% and 11,28% of their area are uncomfortable, respectively. This study found that the existence of GOS has an effect on microclimate depending on pattern and density.
Shoreline Dynamics in the Very Small Islands of Karimunjawa – Indonesia: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Alwi Mulyadi , Mutaqin Bachtiar W. , Marfai Muh Aris
Published: November 2023

Indonesia is considered one of the biggest archipelagic countries in the world. According to some literature, Indonesia has more than 17,000 islands, most of which are classified as small islands. Some of these islands have become important areas for tourism, for instance, small islands in Karimunjawa. However, some of these islands experienced shoreline changes caused by erosion and accretion. Hence, this research aims to map the spatial distribution of shoreline change using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) add-in on ArcGIS. The primary dataset utilized as input consists of Sentinel 2A imagery captured over 2017 and 2022. The results showed that around 89 segments, or 51.47% of the total shoreline segments, tend to experience accretion, while the remaining 79 segments, or 45.93%, experience erosion. This finding suggests that most shoreline segments tend to accrete or seaward movement in the research area. The results of this study exhibit notable disparities when compared to the occurrences observed in Pandeglang (Banten), Kuwaru (Yogyakarta), Buleleng (Bali), and East Java Province, where coastal erosion prevails over accretion. The managers of the islands try to reduce the threat of erosion by constructing dykes and breakwaters. However, these buildings are ineffective due to the relatively simple structures and building materials. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine the type and specification of mitigation buildings that are suitable for implementation in that location.
Analisis Yuridis Pengakuan dan Pengesahan Anak Luar Kawin Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU/VIII/2010 (Studi Penetapan Pengadilan Negeri Salatiga Nomor 24/Pdt.P/2021/PN Slt)
Authors: Khusna Erlina Nailal , Widanarti Herni , Prananda Rahandy Rizki
Published: November 2023

One of the legal consequences of marriage is related to the status and position of the child born. If a child is born out of wedlock, then the child is considered a child out of wedlock. A child out of wedlock can be legalized as a legitimate child if the parents submit an application for validation of the child's recognition to the Court. The purpose of this study was to find out the basis for the judge's consideration of the decision of the Salatiga District Court Number 24/Pdt.P/2021/PN Slt after the validity of the Constitutional Court decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 and the legal consequences of the decision of the Salatiga District Court Number 24/Pdt. P/2021/PN Slt on the ratification of children out of wedlock. The research method used in this research is normative juridical legal research which is descriptive-analytical by using secondary data sources and supported by primary data to strengthen the research results. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative analysis methods. The results of the study show that  The judge's considerations in determining Number 24/Pdt.P/2021/PN Slt are in accordance with the laws and regulations in force in Indonesia, especially Law Number 24 of 2013 concerning Population Administration and Presidential Regulation Number 96 of 2018 Concerning Requirements and Procedures for Civil Registration and Registration. 2. With the granting of the stipulation, the Petitioner can use a copy of this stipulation to register the registration of the validation of his child's recognition at the Salatiga City Population and Civil Registration Service.
Designing a learning environment based on the spiral of skills to overcome the didactic obstacles associated with teaching the Daniell cell
Authors: Mennani Mourad , Raouf Khadija , Khyati Abderrahim
Published: November 2023

In a teaching context based on the competency approach, the creation of an appropriate teaching-learning environment requires, among other things, teachers to master the meaning of the concepts taught and teaching-learning activities designed according to the constructivist approach and the investigative approach. In this article, we focused on the operating principle of the Daniell cell. The research study involved identifying the epistemological gaps of 58 future teachers in relation to the concepts describing the previous theme via an open questionnaire, as well as the degree of compliance of the activities proposed in the textbook with the curricular guidelines. The main results showed that the respondents had not mastered the meaning of the positive and negative poles of a cell or the concept of its electrical voltage. With regard to the textbook studied, we found that the design of the activities did not comply with the principles of the competency-based approach and the spiral progression of knowledge. To overcome these constraints, we propose pedagogical designs aimed at reinforcing and developing the skills of teachers and learners while progressing in the spiral of knowledge.
Visualization of the membrane surface and cytoskeleton of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell growth cones using a combination of scanning ion conductance and four times expansion microscopy
Authors: Haak Annika , Lesslich Heiko M. , Dietzel Irmgard D.
Published: November 2023

Growth cones of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are challenging to investigate with conventional light microscopy due to their small size. Especially substructures such as filopodia, lamellipodia and their underlying cytoskeleton are difficult to resolve with diffraction limited microscopy. Light microscopy techniques, which surpass the diffraction limit such as stimulated emission depletion microscopy, often require expensive setups and specially trained personnel rendering them inaccessible to smaller research groups. Lately, the invention of expansion microscopy (ExM) has enabled super-resolution imaging with any light microscope without the need for additional equipment. Apart from the necessary resolution, investigating OPC growth cones comes with another challenge: Imaging the topography of membranes, especially label- and contact-free, is only possible with very few microscopy techniques one of them being scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM). We here present a new imaging workflow combining SICM and ExM, which enables the visualization of OPC growth cone nanostructures. We correlated SICM recordings and ExM images of OPC growth cones captured with a conventional widefield microscope. This enabled the visualization of the growth cones’ membrane topography as well as their underlying actin and tubulin cytoskeleton.
The Homeland Kaleidoscope: Perceptions of Threats and Coping Among Israeli Civilians in a Diversity of Conflict Zones
Authors: Tiargan Orr Roni , Dolev Aya , Ben-Shalom Uzi
Published: November 2023

This paper explores perceptions of threat and the subjective ability to cope with belligerency in conflict zones using the diversity of Israel’s security arenas. Three research populations were defined, all adult residents in Jewish or mixed localities with a high probability of involvement in a security conflict or in which confrontations occurred between 2002 and 2014: residents of the northern border area (n = 385), residents of the Gaza area (n = 262), and residents of Judea and Samaria (n = 496). Stratified sampling was conducted in each population to generate representative samples. The fourth research population served as the control group for this study: a representative random sample of all Israeli residents aged 18 and over living in Jewish localities (n = 493). The main insight that arises from this study is that residents’ attitudes and understanding of the security situation, their perceptions of threat, and their ability to cope with threat are not exclusively shaped by concrete security incidents. Instead, their attitudes and perceptions are the product of multiple formative factors acting concurrently. In each region and population group, it is possible to identify a “cumulative context” that crystallizes from four key factors that shape residents’ perceptions: (a) the socio-economic background of the population and the community, (b) factors related to community organization, (c) geographic proximity to the source of threat, and (d) experience and memories of past events.
Optical skipping rope induced transverse OAM for particle orbital motion parallel to the optical axis
Authors: Zhu Liuhao , Zhang Xiaohe , Rui Guanghao , He Jun , Gu Bing , Zhan Qiwen
Published: November 2023

In structured light tweezers, it is a challenging technical issue to realize the complete circular motion of the trapped particles parallel to the optical axis. Herein, we propose and generate a novel optical skipping rope via combining beam shaping technology, Fourier shift theorem, and beam grafting technology. This optical skipping rope can induce the transverse orbital angular momentum (OAM) (i.e., nominal OAM, whose direction is perpendicular to the optical axis) and transfer it to the particles, so that the particles have a transverse torque, thereby causing the particles to rotate parallel to the optical axis. Experimentally, our optical tweezers validate that the designed optical skipping rope realizes the orbital motion of polystyrene particles parallel to the optical axis. Additionally, the experiments also demonstrate that the optical skipping ropes manipulate particles to move along the oblique coil trajectory and three-dimensional (3D) cycloidal trajectory. Using the laser beam induced OAM, this innovative technology increases the degree of freedom for manipulating particles, which is of great significance for the application of optical tweezers in optical manipulation, micromechanics, and mimicry of celestial orbits.
Crystal structure of iodido-(η
6-benzene) (1-(pyridin-2-yl)-N-(p-fluoro-methanamine)-κ
2
N,Nʹ)ruthenium(II) hexaflourophosphate, (C18H15F7IN2RuP)
Authors: Zamisa Sizwe J. , Gichumbi Joel M. , Friedrich Holger B.
Published: November 2023

C18H15F7IN2RuP, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.3761(3) Å, b = 9.8737(4) Å, c = 14.3439(6) Å, α = 92.996(2)°, β = 95.590(2)°, γ = 104.992 (2)°, V = 10001.03(7) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0212, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0527, T = 173 K.
In situ ligand synthesis affording a new Co(ii) MOF for photocatalytic application
Authors: Li Jing , Ren Hongjiang , Li Jiangtao , Wang Liuchang
Published: November 2023

In situ disulfide bond formation affords a new flexible dicarboxylic acid ligand of 3,3′-dithiobisbenzoic acid (3,3′-H2DTBA), which assembled with Co(ii) ions under hydrothermal conditions, generating a novel metal–organic framework (MOF), namely, [Co(3,3′-DTBA)2(H2O)2]
n
(1). This compound is assembled from layered structures, featuring weak interlayer interactions that can reduce pore blockage through relative sliding. The results of photocatalytic experiment indicate that MOF 1 is a good semiconducting material and it can function as photocatalyst for degrading methylene blue under the ultraviolet light irradiation. Cyclic experiments demonstrated its good stability and long-lasting photocatalytic performance, indicating its potential application value.
Evaluation of the improvement of walking ability in patients with spinal cord injury using lower limb rehabilitation robots based on data science
Authors: Zhao Hui , Yang Jingyi , Yang Jie , Jiang Hongying , Qin Yecai , Lei Qian
Published: November 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious disabling injury, and the main factors causing SCI in patients include car accidents, falls from heights, as well as heavy blows and falls. These factors can all cause spinal cord compression or even complete rupture. After SCI, problems with the movement, balance, and walking ability of the lower limbs are most common, and SCI can cause abnormalities in patient’s movement, sensation, and other aspects. Therefore, in the treatment of SCI, it is necessary to strengthen the rehabilitation training (RT) of patients based on data science to improve their motor ability and play a positive role in the recovery of their walking ability. This article used lower limb rehabilitation robot (LLRR) to improve the walking ability of SCI patients and applied them to SCI rehabilitation. The purpose is to improve the limb movement function of patients by imitating and assisting their limb movements, thereby achieving pain relief and muscle strength enhancement and promoting rehabilitation. The experimental results showed that the functional ambulation category (FAC) scale scores of Group A and Group B were 0.79 and 0.81, respectively, in the first 10 weeks of the experiment. After 10 weeks of the experiment, the FAC scores of Group A and Group B were 2.42 and 4.36, respectively. After the experiment, the FAC score of Group B was much higher than that of Group A, indicating that Group B was more effective in improving patients’ walking ability compared to Group A. This also indicated that LLRR rehabilitation training can enhance the walking ability of SCI patients.
Effects of thermal activation on the hydration performance of lithium slag–cement composite binder
Authors: He Yan , You Chunyang , Liu Shuhua , Jiang Mingjing , Shi Pengcheng
Published: November 2023

In order to enhance the utilisation efficiency of lithium slag (LS) in cement-based materials, calcification and thermal activation of LS were conducted, and the activation mechanism was analysed. Results showed that gypsum and spodumene in LS decomposed at high temperature by way of calcification and thermal activation, and spodumene as well as limestone calcination decomposed at high temperature, to generate more CS, CA and other mineral phases. Calcification and thermal activation could enhance the activity of LS to participate in pozzolanic reaction, and generate the formation of more hydration products. After calcification and thermal activation of LS, the hydration exothermic peak, the total amount of hydration heat and the hydration production of LS composite binder were significantly increased. The hardened matrix was more compact with less porosity. Compared with cement mortar incorporating raw LS, the incorporation of calcified and thermally activated LS enhanced the compressive strength of cement mortar at 3, 7 and 28 days by 25.8, 13.4 and 20.5%, respectively.
Effects of desalinated sea sand on the alkali–silica reaction of seawater and sea sand concrete
Authors: Wang Dehui , Gong Qingnan , Luo Surong , Yang Zhengxian
Published: November 2023

The application of seawater and sea sand concrete (SWSSC) can reduce the construction period and cost of island infrastructure, but it may also bring the risk of alkali–silica reaction (ASR) owing to the presence of alkali ions in seawater and sea sand. To compare the characteristics of ASR between SWSSC and seawater and desalinated sea sand (DSS) concrete, the properties and the ASR products of mortar bars with different DSS content were studied. When the DSS proportion increased from 0% to 100%, the sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) ion concentration of the specimens decreased by 22.6, 2.0 and 45.1 mg L−1, respectively, the pH decreased by 0.05 and the expansion of mortar bars was reduced by 0.16%. Desalination of sea sand could not eliminate the risk of ASR of SWSSC completely. The 14 days expansion of mortar bars with 100% DSS was 0.13%, and the precursors of ASR-P1 were observed by SEM. The experimental results of micriscopic tests all showed that with the increase of DSS proportion, the content of Na-shlykovite and ASR-P1 were reduced. A small amount of magnesium (Mg) in ASR products was detected. This study can provide a basis for the application of SWSSC in island infrastructure.
Nutritional and Agronomical Performance of Five Rice Varieties Cultivated in Saline Soils Amended with Leonardite
Authors: Medina Litardo Reina , García Bendezú Sady , Carrillo Zenteno Manuel , Perez-Almeida Iris , Cobos Mora Fernando Javier
Published: November 2023

Salinity affects 800 million hectares of agricultural soils in the world and represents a serious concern for crop production. The soils of the San Jacinto de Yaguachi canton (Guayas province, Ecuador), where rice has traditionally been grown with low yield, are characterized as saline. This research aimed to evaluate the agronomical performance and yield of five commercial rice varieties (INIAP FL-Arenillas, SFL 011, INIAP 14, INIAP 11, and Fedearroz 60) grown in a saline soil amended with leonardite (150 kg/ha). A randomized complete block design was used in a split-plot arrangement with three repetitions; the leonardite amendments corresponded to the main plot, and the rice varieties to the sub-plots. At harvest time, in the amended plots, increments in plant height, number of tillers, panicle number and length, number of grains per panicle, grain weight, and yield were obtained. Nutrient uptake also increased in the amended plants, with the sole exception of phosphorus, which responded poorly to the treatment. Under these conditions, it is concluded that the use of the leonardite amendment can be an effective practice for obtaining significantly higher rice production in saline soils.
Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships of Mountain Papaya (Vasconcellea pubescens) in Dieng Plateau Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequence
Authors: Rifqi Muhammad Said , Chasani Abdul Razaq
Published: November 2023

The Dieng Plateau is an area used to cultivate Mountain Papaya (Vasconcellea pubescens A.DC.) as a food commodity in Indonesia. Research on diversity and relationships is vital as a first step in Mountain Papaya conservation in the Dieng Plateau. The study aims to determine the genetic diversity and relationship between Mountain Papaya accessions using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences. Fourteen accessions of Mountain Papaya with different sex distributions and altitudes are amplified using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The genetic diversity is analyzed using the DnaSP 5.10.1 program. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) approach in MEGA 11 is utilized for assessing phylogenetic tree data based on ITS-rDNA regional sequences. With high haplotype diversity (Hd) values of 1.000 ± 0.027 and high nucleotide diversity (π) values of 0.09674 ± 0.00978, Mountain Papaya exhibits a high level of genetic diversity. Three main clades were identified in the phylogram tree based on the 14 ITS-rDNA sequences of Mountain Papaya. The results of this diversity data can support breeding programs intended to boost Mountain Papaya variety production.
Immunofluorescence and object-based colocalization analysis v1
Authors: A Parra-Rivas Leonardo
Published: November 2023

Immunofluorescence and object-based colocalization analysis
Squeeze” enrichment of intact cells (eukaryotic and prokaryotic)from marine sponge tissues prior to routine DNA extraction v1
Authors: Lopez Joe
Published: November 2023

A “Squeeze” method to enrich for intact cells (eukaryotic and prokaryotic) prior to DNA Extraction from marine sponge tissues Most marine demosponge species possess a siliceous skeleton and spicules which can compose a high volume of the total biomass. This skeleton can be a priori removed before standard DNA extraction procedures (with CTAB, proteinase K, and various standard DNA extraction kit protocols). The cell pellets derived from this protocol can be applied in other enrichment protocols prior to standard DNA extraction methods. For example, sponge cells may need to be separated from the large bulk of microbial symbionts by Percoll gradients.
Hippocampal Cultures, lentivirus production, vGLUT1-pHluorin imaging and analysis v1
Authors: A Parra-Rivas Leonardo
Published: November 2023

Hippocampal Cultures, lentivirus production, vGLUT1-pHluorin imaging and analysis
ColabFold Protein Structure Prediction and Membrane Interaction Modeling v1
Authors: A Parra-Rivas Leonardo
Published: November 2023

ColabFold Protein Structure Prediction and Membrane Interaction Modeling
In Vitro Cytotoxicity Efficiency of Extracellular L-Glutaminase Produce by Mesophilic Bacteria, Kurthia Gibsonii on Lncap, MDA-MB 231 and Hepg-2 Cell Lines
Authors: Bhalchandra B. Waykar  , Namekar Trupti B. , Rajendra A. Satpute  , Dinesh S. Kharate
Published: November 2023

Mesophilic bacteria from soil habitat have been reported to produce extracellular L-glutaminase. The present study was carried out to anticancer screening of L-glutamiase producing bacteria (Kurthia gibsonii) from soil sample of cattle feeding site from Satara parisar, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar. Results showed, among three soil samples of cattle feeding farms, Kurthia gibsonii was isolated. From that exhibited the highest L-glutaminase activity. Moreover, the in vitro cytotoxic activity of L-glutaminase against the (Lymph Node Carcinoma of the Prostate) LNCaP, (an epithelial, human breast cancer cell line) MDA-MB 231 and hepatocellular (HepG-2) carcinoma cell lines at different concentration (0.47, 0.94, 1.88, 3.75, 7.50, 15.00, 30.00 and 60.00 μg/ml) by the MTT assay and compared with the standard Doxrubcin. The antitumor effect against human liver carcinoma cell line revealed that L-glutaminase produced by Kurthia gibsonii showed potent cytotoxic activity of tested cell line in a dose-dependent manner with an LC50 value of 4.1 μg/ml.
ПОЭМЫ НИКОЛАЯ ДАМДИНОВА: О ЛИРИЗАЦИИ ЖАНРА В ЛИТЕРАТУРНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ В БУРЯТИИ 1960-х гг.
Authors:   Бурятский государственный университет имени Доржи Банзарова, С. С. Имихелова , И. П. Цыренова ,   Бурятский республиканский институт образовательной политики
Published: November 2023

В статье речь идет о процессе лиризации жанра поэмы в одной из национальных литератур России в 60-х гг. прошлого века. На примере поэм Николая Дамдинова (1932–1999), народного поэта Бурятии, автора разных модификаций данного жанра, проанализирована тенденция субъективизации поэмного повествования и об-раза эпического рассказчика, характерная для литературы «оттепельной» поры. Утверждается, что наряду с лирическим монологом героя в поэмах «Песнь степей», «Имя отца» поэт развивает повествование от лица традиционного сказителя бурятских преданий (улигеров). Доказывается, что в поэмах «Возвращение батыра», «Гроза», «Песня о Доржи Банзарове» — этой своеобразной трилогии поэта облик рассказчика напоминает сказителя-улигершина, и в то же время повествование представляет собой исповедь человека, причастного к судьбе эпического героя, неразрывно связанного с ним и с важнейшими событиями народной жизни. Совершается эта исповедь в рамках чудесного, почти мистического события, в котором происходит столкновение судеб героя и рассказчика с внеличными (социально-историческими и природно-космическими) событиями. Делается вывод о том, что в единстве лирического повествователя и эпического героя в поэмах Н. Дамдинова отразились качества творческой личности, размышляющей о сущности народного бытия и сращенной в сознании читателя с авторской личностью.
Compensation for the frequency detuning that occurs in the transmitter and receiver of phase shift keyed signals
Authors: Kiryushkin V.V. , Babusenko S.I. , Zhuravlev A.V. , Shuvaev I.V.
Published: November 2023

Problem statement. At present, broadband radio engineering systems based on the use of phase shift keyed (PSK) signals have found wide application. However, under the influence of various destabilizing factors during the transmission and reception of PSK signals, a frequency detuning occurs in the transmitter and receiver. It does not allow increasing the time of coherent accumulation of the PSK signal in the receiver and, as a result, leads to a decrease in its noise immunity. Purpose. To develop a way to compensate for the frequency detuning that occurs in the transmitter and receiver of the PSK signals, which makes it possible to increase the time of coherent signal accumulation in the receiver and increase the signal-to-noise ratio at its output. Results. A method for correcting the frequency detuning that occurs in the transmitter during the formation and transmission of PSK signals and in the receiver when these signals are received has been developed. The method is based on a preliminary maximum likelihood estimate of the magnitude of the frequency detuning, which is refined using the values of the phase shift between two successively received complex PSK signals. The method does not require an increase in the number of channels in the structure of the receiver and allows you to increase the time of coherent signal accumulation in the receiver in order to increase its noise immunity. Practical significance. The use of the developed frequency correction method in the example with a frequency detuning of 500 Hz made it possible to increase the noise immunity of the stationary transmitter-receiver system up to 8 dB.
Structural models based on spectral graph theory for land-based digital communication networks
Authors: Mezhuyev A.M. , Nerovny V.V. , Rodionov D.V. , Ponomarev N.M. , Mezhuyev D.A.
Published: November 2023

Problem statement. For the organization of digital communication networks in the range of meter and decimeter waves, as well as when providing communications based on them in hard-to-reach areas, problems arise related to maintaining the stability and continuity of information exchange between the switching nodes of the ground infrastructure. The existing approaches to solving these problems are based on the use of means of retransmission using radio relay stations and individual flight-lifting equipment. However, with limited deployment time, in emergency situations and when performing special tasks, these approaches are unacceptable for a number of objective reasons. Therefore, the search for ways to improve digital communication networks in the range of meter and decimeter waves is relevant and has important scientific and practical significance for ensuring the stability and continuity of information exchange by ground switching nodes in a given area. Purpose. To develop a structurally stable model of digital communication networks in the range of meter and decimeter waves based on a group of unmanned aerial vehicles, ensuring the organization of continuous information exchange of ground switching nodes in a given area for the required period of time. Results. Based on the results of the research, practical recommendations are formulated for their use to solve the problems of organization, restoration and redundancy, as well as the operational build-up of digital communication networks in the range of meter and decimeter waves for a given time interval in unfavorable operating conditions. The prospects for further research in the organization of the structural contour of the complex multi-circuit adaptation of digital communication networks for various purposes are determined. Practical significance. The results can be used by specialists in the field of satellite radio navigation in the development of local navigation systems.
Speech enhancement using dual microphone adaptive noise canceller
Authors: Stolbov M.B. , Perelygin S.V.
Published: November 2023

Subject of research. The subject of the study is the issue of rational placement of microphones of the main and reference channels of a two-channel adaptive noise canceller (ANC) for speech enhancement in presence of acoustic interference from a point source. An increase of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output of the ANC relative to the input value of the main channel was chosen as a criterion for rational placement. The limitations of the model of direct propagation of signals in reverberation conditions are considered. Methods. The estimation of the SNR at the inputs of the main and reference channels is obtained on the basis of a geometric model of point sources of signal and interference and on the analytical expressions for transfer functions between signal and interference sources and microphones of the main and reference channels for a planar model of signal propagation in a free field. The main results. The conditions for microphones placement of dual channel ANC, increasing SNR, are determined. The conditions for reference channel microphone placement at a given position of main channel microphone are determined. Limitations of ANC efficiency under reverberation conditions are investigated. It is shown that the microphone of the reference channel should be located near the interference source. For large rooms, the use of dual-microphone arrays is proposed and possible signal processing algorithms (conditions of their application) are considered. To use a two-element microphone array, additional information about the position of the target source is required. Practical significance. The obtained results can be useful for distant speech acquisition in the presence of acoustic interference.
Modeling and optimal design of liquid cooling system of electronic module
Authors: Samoilenko N.E. , Tsipina N.V. , Kagramanov E.E. , Voronin D.R. , Tsipina K.D.
Published: November 2023

Formulation of the problem. Optimal design of avionics (avionics) structures is impossible without the development of new complex methods for modeling thermal processes in their designs and verification based on the results of a full-scale experiment, as well as the creation of methods for the justified use of existing and creation of new mathematical algorithms for optimization procedures. When designing modern RES, it is important to provide a temperature regime for the functioning of power elements of the equipment, in our case, we will consider an electronic module. To ensure normal thermal conditions, cooling systems are used, most often heat sinks (radiator) are used, but in some cases it is not possible to install it. To solve this problem, it is proposed to develop a liquid and air cooling system for the electronic module using an expanded set of elements of cooling systems, including a submersible cooling system. Purpose. Develop a comprehensive methodology for modeling and optimal design of a liquid cooling system for an electronic module, the reliability of which is confirmed by the results of analytical calculations and experimental data. Results. On the basis of the developed 3D model of the electronic module, the procedures for multivariate analysis of the laboratory stand unit were implemented using modern computer-aided design tools. A mathematical formulation was formed and procedures for optimizing the thermal regime were performed: modeling and optimization of the coolant; block topology optimization; optimization by body material and coolant type. Graphs and tables of simulation results are presented, on the basis of which it is possible to draw conclusions about the influence of a particular parameter on the distribution of heat fluxes. All the difficulties that the authors encountered in the course of design optimization in the modeling environment are described in detail, as well as ways to solve them. Practical significance. The results obtained make it possible to apply the proposed method for numerical simulation of thermal processes in REM designs, verification based on the results of a full-scale experiment, as well as the creation of methods for the justified application of existing and the development of new mathematical algorithms for optimization procedures.
Methods of synthesis of overlapped subarrays with flat-topped radiation patterns in planar phased array antennas
Authors: Sidorov K.M. , Skobelev S.P.
Published: November 2023

One of the approaches to the design of phased array antennas (PAA) for beam scanning in a limited region of space is associated with formation of overlapped subarrays with flat-topped radiation patterns of width equal to the width of the scan region. Unlike linear subarrays, for which there exist many technical solutions, planar overlapped subarrays can be formed by two ways. One of them is based on cascade connection of linear subarrays arranged perpendicularly to each other. Another way is based on use of beamforming networks. Since the problems concerning synthesis of overlapped subarrays with flat-topped patterns in planar PAA is not yet sufficiently considered in the literature, the indicated problem remains of interest. The work considers two methods of synthesis of planar overlapped subarrays with flat-topped radiation patterns. One method is a conventional method based on Fourier transform of the required radiation pattern. Another method introduced in the paper is new one. It allows determination of amplitude distribution over subarray aperture with providing maximum level of the subarray factor in the broadside direction and with taking into account power balance distributed over the subarray radiating elements. The proposed method is compared with the conventional method based on the Fourier transform, and advantages of the former method over the latter one are shown. The paper contains results obtained for amplitude distributions for a few cases of subarray excitation and appropriate subarray factors characterizing the capabilities of the new method. The method proposed in the paper can be applied in the further studies concerning development of networks for feeding overlapped subarrays in planar limited-scan PAA of modular construction.
Parallel adder-subtractor on elements of neural logic
Authors: Shevelev S.S.
Published: November 2023

Modern universal computing machines are capable of implementing any algorithm, but when solving certain tasks in terms of processing speed, they cannot compete with specialized computing modules that can increase the speed of performing arithmetic operations by using parallelism in data processing. The reliability of arithmetic calculators increases due to the use of neural-like elements. Specialized devices effectively solve array processing tasks, artificial intelligence tasks, and are used as control devices. The developed structure of a parallel adder-subtractor based on neural logic elements ensures high performance and reliability. The structural and functional schemes of the adder/subtractor blocks allow to increase the speed in comparison with the known sequential action adder when added in additional codes by at least 2 times, and with a parallel adder with sequential transfer by at least 1.5 times. It is shown that the hardware complexity of the presented adder-subtractor is 1.3 times lower compared to the sequential action adder and 2.8 times lower compared to the parallel adder with sequential transfer. The proposed structure of the adder-subtractor provides an increase in the calculation speed of arithmetic operations due to the implementation of parallelism in data processing.
Contactless method of measuring the length of electrically conductive piles
Authors: Averin A.A. , Gorkin D.S. , Varenkov V.V. , Sahterov V.I.
Published: November 2023

To determine the length of a pile in the ground, devices are used based on measuring the propagation time of an acoustic signal that occurs during impact on an object. The disadvantage of the method: such devices work only at the time of driving the pile. Also known is a method for measuring the length of reinforcement using a georadar in a reinforced concrete pile as a non-destructive contact method. It requires a mandatory electrical connection to the fittings, which is not always possible. Therefore, in cases of mandatory non-destructive testing, this method is not applicable. A new method for controlling the length of electrically conductive piles using pulsed georadar has been created. This method measures the length of an electrically conductive pile by fixing the difference in the time of passage of the direct signal of the emitted pulse through the air and in the pile. Then, the dielectric constant of the electrically conductive pile is calculated. The pile length is calculated based on the obtained dielectric constant and the propagation time of the reflected signal from the end of the pile. The experiments carried out showed the possibility of measuring in different ways. The generator is located at the beginning of the pile, and the receiver moves along the pile. It is also possible to measure by moving the generator and receiver fixed by the frame. Each method has its own characteristic representation of the received data. The choice of method depends on the conditions of the measurements. For specific measurements, it may be necessary to change the design of georadar antennas The developed method makes it possible to carry out non-destructive non-contact measurement using existing georadars. Further work is required on the development of a specialized device and the development of methods for measuring various types of electrically conductive piles.
Estimation of efficiency of the information exchange on digital networks of communication of terrestrial and air basing: algorithmic and the software
Authors: Mezhuev A.M. , Korennoi A.V. , Sturov D.L. , Rodionov D.V.
Published: November 2023

Article is devoted development algorithmic and the software for an estimation of information efficiency of digital networks of communication of a range meter and decimeter waves on existing means of relaying, and also digital networks of communication with usage of a network of retranslators for the unmanned aerial vehicles providing maintenance of demanded efficiency of an information exchange at changes of the input traffic and destabilizing actions. As a result of the led analysis the urgency of application of structurally steady network of relaying on the basis of unmanned aerial vehicles which provides formation of the spatially-distributed access point for terrestrial and air users, for the purpose of the decision of tasks of effective allocation of information highways and frictionless delivery of the information on considered digital networks of communication is formulated. Algorithms are developed for the proof of perspectivity of the given approach and models of estimation of efficiency of an information exchange on digital networks of communication on the basis of the generalized index, providing an adequate estimation in the conditions of change of the input traffic and influence of noises. The comparative analysis of functioning of considered digital networks of communication with usage of existing means of relaying and offered networks of retranslators on the basis of unmanned aerial vehicles is carried out. The main outputs by results of researches are formulated and practical recommendations for choice an optimal variant of creation of researched digital networks of communication are made. Perspectives of further usage of the received results are planned at the organization of complex multiple loop adaptation of digital networks of communication of high mobility with difficult and dynamic changing structures.
On measurements of spurious components of heterodyne signal in radiometric receivers
Authors: Korolev A.V. , Gudkov A.G. , Sidorov I.A. , Leushin V.Yu. , Chizhikov S.V.
Published: November 2023

With a heterodyne frequency conversion, a significant contribution to the intrinsic noise of the radiometric receiver is made by a heterodyne. The spectral components generated by the heterodyne will be present in the processed signal at the output of the radiometric receiver and may manifest themselves when analyzing the received signal in spectral lines when high frequency resolution is required for processing. The purpose of the work is to analyze various types of modulation of the heterodyne signal, including modulation with an arbitrary phase shift between the components in the lower and upper side bands of the heterodyne signal. In this article, the methods of frequency transfer used in determining the spectral composition of the signal received by a radiometric receiver are considered. For heterodyne frequency conversion, in addition to the classical types of parasitic modulation of the heterodyne signal described in the literature – amplitude, phase (frequency) and single-band modulation, modulation with an arbitrary phase shift between the components in the lower and upper side bands of the heterodyne signal is considered. It is shown that with a small deviation of the frequencies of the modulating signal, ambiguity is possible in determining the level of components when using signal analyzers to measure the characteristics of heterodynes of radiometric receivers. The results of the analysis performed in the article can be used in the design of heterodynes with multiple output frequencies, taking into account the spectral comtent of the synthesized signal. The study was carried out at the expense of the grant of the Russian Science Foundation No. 22-19-00063 dated 13.05.2022. https://rscf.ru/project/22-19-00063.
RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DE O MÉDICO DEVER DE REPARAR O DANO
Authors: Alves Luciano Silva , Carvalho Guilherme Pereira , Freitas Pedro Vicente , Silva Rafael Maik souto , Souza Luiz Felipe Carmo
Published: November 2023

Quando em nossas vidas profissionais traçamos uma linha mestra e decidimos que carreira seguir, decidimos naquele momento que seremos perito em algo, ou seja fazer o melhor naquilo que nos compete. E este melhor está sitiado de tentativas, acertos e erros, até o momento em que o oficio se aprimora. Assim é a vida do profissional médico, não diferente de outras atividades no que se refere ao aprimoramento de suas práticas medicinais. Neste artigo pretende-se destacar a responsabilidade civil e o dever de reparar possíveis danos causados a pacientes, por profissionais médicos, danos estes provocados por negligencia, imprudência ou imperícia, três elementos essenciais que presentes, juntos ou individuais, constituem a prova de culpa do profissional médico, no que se refere a algum tipo de tratamento aplicado aos seus pacientes. Segundo o código civil, em seu artigo 951, diz que todo profissional de saúde que em decorrência de sua atuação, causar danos ou morte do paciente tem o dever de indenizar, sendo assim este trabalho tentara ressaltar através do método pesquisa bibliográfica e/ou virtual, a responsabilidade civil e a obrigação de reparação do dano causado ao paciente, se por culpa do profissional médico.
Editor's Notes
Authors: Cripps Lauren C.
Published: November 2023

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