bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing efficiency through negotiation and minimizing transaction costs: application of Coase theorem to corporate insolvency
Authors: Thakkar Hiteshkumar , Agarwal Pranay
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Coase theorem is more interested in increasing the economic value of the transaction through a libertarian approach, i.e. free bargain than a utilitarian approach, i.e. maximum benefit to a maximum number of people. Ex ante Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) ensured that the stakeholders would arrive at an efficient outcome through bargaining and negotiation regardless of the initial allocation of legal rights. It also minimizes transaction costs to facilitate a voluntary resolution/settlement process; otherwise, it is costly to determine how much stakeholder value the same. The purpose of this study is to examine how the Coase theorem can enhance efficiency in corporate insolvency by facilitating effective bargaining and negotiation among stakeholders, minimizing transaction costs and ensuring optimal outcomes, regardless of the initial allocation of legal rights.

Design/methodology/approach

This research relies on a mixed method – quantitative data and qualitative data from the relevant stakeholders in the CIRP to verify the Coase theorem in the real world. The quantitative data collection involves a sample of 103 individuals categorized into three groups: advocates (71 participants), creditors (five participants) and resolution professionals (RPs) (27 participants). Qualitative data collection involves conducting personal interviews (PI) as the primary method, supplemented by panel discussions and observations during National Company Law Tribunal proceedings.

Findings

Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) helps creditors to recover their dues through a cost-efficient ex ante CIRP process. The structure of IBC is to minimize the harm caused by the failure of a private agreement/settlement. However, when private negotiation/settlement fails, the insolvency law allocates the rights to the party who values them most. The CIRP process has prioritised the economic principle of high-value ownership, thus allocating the rights to the higher-value owner.

Practical implications

This study focuses on practitioner responses within the CIRP, including practical insights from advocates, creditors and RPs.

Originality/value

The IBC has substantially reduced transaction costs by streamlining provisions and imposing stringent timelines to facilitate smoother negotiations. CIRP is a unique mechanism that provides a group solution while maintaining the balance between the stakeholders’ welfare and the process’s efficiency.
Islamic banking finance and private sector investment in dual banking systems: the impact of institutional quality
Authors: Ben Mimoun Mohamed , Hamrouni Daghbagi , Raies Asma
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the role of Islamic Banking (IB) finance in promoting private sector investment within dual banking systems, with particular attention to the impact of institutional quality.

Design/methodology/approach

Using panel data from 26 countries with dual banking systems over the 2004–2022 period, this study uses the system-GMM estimator to analyze the interaction between private investment, IB finance and institutional quality, using both aggregated and disaggregated institutional quality indicators.

Findings

The results indicate that the direct effect of IB finance on private investment is generally limited across the sample. However, institutional quality, while showing a negative standalone effect, plays a pivotal role when considered interactively with IB finance. This study demonstrates that when both IB finance and institutional quality reach certain threshold levels, they exhibit a complementary relationship that significantly enhances private sector investment. The thresholds and key economic factors that influence private investment in the studied countries are estimated, providing valuable policy implications.

Originality/value

This research provides new insights into the interplay between IB finance and institutional quality, emphasizing that the effectiveness of IB finance is conditional upon strong institutional frameworks. Unlike previous studies, the work redefines the finance-growth nexus in dual banking systems, demonstrating that institutional improvements are essential to unlocking the full potential of IB finance.
Exploring how young people in the UK understand coercive control: a qualitative study
Authors: Sharma Maya Elizabeth , Paddock Elizabeth , Jones Katy A.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Since the criminalisation of coercive control (CC), there have been a growing number of cases in the UK; however, there continues to be minimal research, understanding and education about this type of abuse. Hence, it is unsurprising that young people are at the highest risk of CC as they enter their first intimate relationships with limited awareness of the risks. The aim of this study is to explore how 16- to 24-year-olds in the UK understand CC in intimate relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 young people to explore their knowledge of CC, sources of knowledge and learning opportunities. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to examine the interviews.

Findings

A total of 14 participants had heard of CC. Participants attributed victims and perpetrators behaviour to individual and environmental factors, including societal and gendered expectations. Young people explained that their knowledge came from experiences, online sources and family and friends. However, participants recognised the importance of credible messengers and sources, and some were sceptical of information shared online. Most had not learnt about CC in formal education but expressed the importance of incorporating it into the secondary curriculum.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to explore how young people understand CC in the UK. The findings highlight the need for better understanding and formal education around CC, provide a platform for future work and encourage the incorporation of young voices in developing interventions.
Predicting patent transaction behaviour based on embedded features of knowledge search networks
Authors: Zhang Qiuming , Yu Chao , Yang Xue , Gu Xin
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to analyse the relationship between a patent’s network position in a knowledge search network and the likelihood and speed of patent transactions. Additionally, it explores whether patent scope moderates these relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

In this empirical study, the authors collected a sample of patents in the artificial intelligence industry over the period of 1985–2018. Then, the authors examined the direct roles of degree centrality, betweenness centrality and closeness centrality on the likelihood and speed of patent transactions and the moderating role of patent scope in the knowledge search network using the logit and accelerated failure time models.

Findings

The findings reveal that degree centrality positively affects both the likelihood and speed of patent transactions, while betweenness centrality enhances the likelihood, and closeness centrality significantly boosts both. However, regarding the speed of patent transactions, closeness centrality is the most impactful, followed by degree centrality, with no significant influence of betweenness centrality. Additionally, the patent scope moderates how betweenness centrality affects the likelihood of transactions.

Research limitations/implications

This study has limitations owing to its exclusive use of data from the Chinese Intellectual Property Office, lack of visibility of the confidential terms of most patent transactions, omission of transaction directionality and focus on a single industry, potentially restricting the breadth and applicability of the findings. In the future, expanding the data set and industries and combining qualitative research methods may be considered to further explore the content of this study.

Practical implications

This study has practical implications for developing a better understanding of how network structure in the knowledge search network affects the likelihood and speed of patent transactions as well as the identification of high-value patents. These findings suggest future directions for patent holders and policymakers to manage and optimise patent portfolios.

Originality/value

This study expands the application boundaries of social network theory and the knowledge-based view by conducting an in-depth analysis of how the position characteristics of patents within the knowledge search network influence their potential and speed of transactions in the technology market. Moreover, it provides a theoretical reference for evaluating patent value and identifying high-quality patents by quantifying network positions. Furthermore, the authors construct three centrality measures and explore the development of patent transactions, particularly within the context of the developing country.
Exploring knowledge management technologies to enhance sustainability and mitigate technostress from a collaborative perspective
Authors: Lim Jihye , Hwang Junseok
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The relevance of digital technology and knowledge management (KM) has been increasing continuously owing to their importance in sustainability. However, research on which technology leads to collaboration in KM and how it affects sustainability is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to analyze knowledge collaboration management technologies for sustainable growth based on academic literature and technology patents.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper analyzed current technology and academic trends in KM using BERTopic, an artificial intelligence natural language processing model, and proposed future promising candidate technologies and potential application areas in terms of collaboration and sustainability.

Findings

From the textual data of research papers and patents, this paper extracted 10 and 47 major topics, respectively. Moreover, five potential and feasible candidate patents along with their applicable fields were recommended.

Originality/value

The strength of this study is its analysis of the technologies affecting collaboration and sustainability in KM. This paper found that new digital technologies (i.e. artificial intelligence, cloud computing and big data) impact organizations’ KM and have the potential for collaboration. Digital technologies have a positive impact on corporate smartness directly and sustainability and inclusion indirectly. This paper argued that organizations should understand and identify various promising technological factors and apply them to their KM from a collaboration perspective.
History of behavioral accounting research (1960–2023): a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Camilli Riccardo , Mechelli Alessandro , Coronella Lorenzo
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the over 60-year evolution of behavioral accounting research (BAR), with the main aim of critically and accurately tracing its past, present and future.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used Scopus and Google Scholar databases to collect 2,263 articles of BAR published on relevant accounting journals. Thus, this study used Bibliometrix to provide a temporal overview of articles and a temporally oriented network co-occurrence analysis of BAR topics.

Findings

This study retraces the history of BAR since its origins and, also on the basis of triggering events inside (e.g. Nobel Prizes for behavioral economics studies) and outside (e.g. accounting scandals) the academic debate, this study critically discusses the evolution and interconnections of BAR topics. Then, future research is addressed toward main promising avenues, thus integrating recent technological applications into the behavioral accounting experimental designs to improve their external validity, exploring the potential positive effects of professionals’ heuristics in performing accounting tasks under certain environmental conditions, exploiting behavioral accounting frameworks to analyze and improve sustainability reporting and sustainability performance management.

Originality/value

Although BAR is rich of contributions, including subfields and contaminations, it lacks a holistic evaluation of its origins, development and future perspectives. In this vein, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to use a bibliometric analysis to evaluate the evolution of BAR.
The impact of review sentiment complexity on perceived helpfulness: an information overload perspective
Authors: Zhang Mingli , Wei Zihan , Liu Yafei
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study investigates how the complexity of sentiment in online reviews affects perceived helpfulness. Analyzed over 730,000 reviews from Tripadvisor.com, the research explores how information overload and increased cognitive load impact consumer decision-making.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applied the BERT deep learning model to analyze sentiment complexity in online reviews. Based on cognitive load theory, we examined two key factors: the number of attributes mentioned in a review and the variation in sentiment valence of across attributes to evaluate their impact on cognitive load and review helpfulness.

Findings

The results show that a higher number of attributes and greater variation in sentiment valence increase cognitive load, reducing review helpfulness. Reviewers’ expertise and review readability further moderate these effects, with complex or expert-written reviews worsening the negative impact.

Originality/value

This research introduces a method for measuring attribute-level sentiment complexity and its impact on review helpfulness, emphasizing the importance of balancing detail with readability. These findings provide a foundation for future studies on review characteristics and consumer behavior.
Family firms’ internationalization: a pathway to long-term legitimacy
Authors: Diaz-Moriana Vanessa , Moreno-Menendez Ana M. , Casillas José C. , Arzubiaga Unai
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Based on the socioemotional wealth (SEW) perspective, this paper aims to focus on the mixed-gamble logic to study the process of internationalization of family firms.

Design/methodology/approach

The qualitative multiple case study is based on four longitudinal Irish case studies.

Findings

This study proposes that family leaders assess potential SEW gains and losses when facing international strategic decisions. Findings show that family firms build legacy through international practices and, subsequently, gain long-term legitimacy, defined as the transgenerational status and credibility obtained by their family leaders.

Practical implications

Given the importance of international practices for the achievement of legacy, and ultimately legitimacy, practitioners should be aware of the critical role that internationalization could play.

Originality/value

The study develops a framework that contributes to a more fine-grained understanding of the internationalization process of family firms.
A comprehensive analysis of the benefits of integrated digital delivery in construction projects
Authors: Wuni Ibrahim Yahaya , Abankwa Derek Asante , Koc Kerim , Atuahene Bernard Tuffour , Saka Abdullahi
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Integrated digital delivery (IDD) is the use of digital technologies, data, and platforms to integrate work processes and connect all stakeholders working on the same project throughout the construction and building lifecycle. The benefits of digital technologies are often cited to justify the adoption of IDD in construction projects, but such benefits remain under-researched and unverified. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the performance improvements attributable to the IDD approach in construction projects.

Design/methodology/approach

This study combined questionnaire surveys, statistical analysis, social network analysis, and fuzzy synthetic evaluation to investigate the benefits of IDD in Hong Kong construction projects. The methodology was applied to rank the benefits of IDD, assess the benefit categories of the IDD, and model the relationships between the benefits.

Findings

The results showed twenty-two (22) significant benefits of the IDD approach, grouped into design, cost, collaboration, sustainability, procurement, and productivity benefits. Design and collaboration benefits were ranked at the top and “high quality and faster preparation of designs” and “improved information exchange and management” were the most important benefits in these clusters, respectively. The weighted network model showed that the benefits of IDD are significantly correlated, and “cost savings associated with digital project delivery”, “improved work and project quality”, and “high quality and faster preparation of designs and calculation” were identified as the most influential benefits.

Originality/value

The study outcomes offer the first empirical insights into performance gains achievable with the IDD approach in construction projects. Hence, this study, for the first time, identified and assessed the benefits and benefit categories as well as formulating the relationships between the benefits to suggest the most effective benefit pipeline.
Nonlinear joint inversion of Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion curves based on Pearson correlation coefficient and thickness mean sharing
Authors: Fu Daiguang , Zhou Liming , Zhang Shuangxi , Li Mengkui
Published: November 2024

The joint inversion of Rayleigh and Love waves plays a crucial role in mitigating the non‐uniqueness of surface wave inversion results and enhancing the stability of these inversions. Existing approaches to the joint inversion of Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion curves, which rely on conventional objective functions, often struggle with complex stratigraphic configurations and yield results of limited accuracy. This study introduces two novel nonlinear joint inversion techniques for Rayleigh and Love waves: Pearson correlation coefficient and thickness mean sharing. The Pearson correlation coefficient approach employs the Pearson correlation coefficient and alternating iterative objective functions to synchronize the shear wave velocity structures derived from Rayleigh and Love waves, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the joint inversion. Conversely, the thickness mean sharing method computes an average of the thickness values obtained in each iteration of the inversion, utilizing the traditional joint inversion objective function. Tests on three distinct stratigraphic structures—characterized by increasing velocity, high‐speed hard interlayers and low‐speed soft interlayers—as well as on measured data, demonstrate that the proposed methods significantly improve the stability and accuracy of nonlinear joint inversion.
The peri‐operative implications of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors: a narrative review
Authors: Stewart Paul A. , Nestor Claire C. , Clancy Cillian , Irwin Michael G.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors are a novel class of antihyperglycaemic drugs used in the management of type 2 diabetes, that improve glycaemic control, cardiovascular outcomes and promote weight loss. They are also approved for the treatment of heart failure and chronic kidney disease in patients with or without diabetes. This narrative review discusses the peri‐operative effects and implications of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors and gives an overview of current evidence and existing peri‐operative guidelines.

Methods

We conducted a literature review to identify peer‐reviewed English language articles published since 2000, with further articles identified by reviewing the references of key papers.

Results

Peri‐operative sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor use carries a risk of euglycaemic ketoacidosis. Although clinically significant diabetic ketoacidosis remains a rare event, sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors inhibitor‐associated diabetic ketoacidosis has been observed across almost all surgical specialities. Ketoacidosis may present with any blood glucose level. Existing guidelines are inconsistent and may be a source of clinical confusion.

Discussion

Based on the half‐life of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, we recommend withholding treatment for 72 h before elective surgery (5 half‐lives), with additional multidisciplinary input for specific procedures with dietary alterations and in patients with poorly controlled diabetes of cardiac/renal disease. In the event of emergency surgery or any surgery within 72 h of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor administration, we recommend pre‐, intra‐ and postoperative blood ketone monitoring (6 hourly for 24 h post‐surgery and until full oral diet is resumed). Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor treatment should only be resumed after resumption of full oral diet in the absence of ketosis.
Challenging neoliberal time: Creating space for radical praxis in geography
Authors: Pickerill Jenny
Published: November 2024

There is something particularly depressing about the current moment—when the possibility of thriving as a geography academic in British academia seems incompatible with anything else, be that a life outside work, a family, activism, or even sleep. What connects these multiple intensifications of demands on academics, and many of the external crises we are living through (the climate emergency, wage deflation, cost of living, the COVID pandemic etc.) is how we value, use and understand time. The non‐linearity of time is a useful way to understand how we work in academia. In this paper, I explore how can we change how we use our time. I propose three responses, which each play with time as non‐linear, multiple rhythms, and as having a lack of balance or stability. First, the possibility of working with the delight of shifting pace in helping us to enjoy our working time more. Second, in acting in collaboration, solidarity, and being alongside each other in ways where shared time is more expansive than individual time. Finally, in how we can collectively and structurally re‐order our time together.
Development of spatial models and maps for tree species diversity and biomass in a miombo ecosystem, western Tanzania
Authors: Chitayat Adrienne B. , Lewis Matthew , Anyelwisye Moses , Laizer Gabriel S. , Stewart Fiona A. , Wich Serge A. , Piel Alex K.
Published: November 2024

Aim

Miombo, a prominent dry forest formation, holds ecological importance for both humans and wildlife. Trees are a driving force behind miombo dynamics, thus, spatially explicit metrics of tree cover are essential for evaluating habitat characteristics, resource availability, and environmental change. We developed predictive models and maps of tree species diversity and biomass within a previously undescribed landscape.

Location

Mahale Mountains National Park (MMNP), Greater Mahale Ecosystem (GME), Tanzania.

Methods

We created models of tree density, basal area, tree species richness, and tree diversity according to the Shannon Diversity Index. We created a predictive model using an ensemble modeling approach using plot‐based data from MMNP and predictor variables derived from satellite data associated with climate, habitat structure, plant productivity, and topography. We assessed predictor importance across models and produced maps based on model predictions and compared them to land cover type and protective status.

Results

Results revealed strong positive correlations between tree metrics (r ≥ 0.70) and substantial overlap in the selection and relative importance of predictors. Canopy height was the most important predictor across models, followed by climate and topography predictors associated with energy. Predictors derived from the soil‐adjusted vegetation index were also valuable. Model performances ranged from R2 values of 0.45 to 0.55, with tree density performing best. Maps show high tree species diversity and biomass in protected areas.

Conclusions

This study and the maps it produced provide a baseline for land management and future modeling efforts in the GME. Our results highlight the contribution of a wide variety of environmental predictors and the importance of a select few. We confirmed the importance of the current protected area network where conservation efforts align, and help sustain, an abundance and diversity of trees. Current and historical disturbance‐related predictors should be considered to address remaining unexplained variance.
SLCO1B1 variants in a patient of African ancestry presenting with rosuvastatin‐induced rhabdomyolysis: A case report
Authors: Medwid Samantha , Deckert Rowan , Gryn Steven E. , Kim Richard B.
Published: November 2024

We report a case of an adult woman of African ancestry who was hospitalized with statin induced‐ rhabdomyolysis. The patient presented to the emergency room with a 2‐week history of worsening muscle pain, nausea, vomiting and low oral intake, 1 month after starting 40 mg daily dose of rosuvastatin. Sequencing of SLCO1B1 coding regions revealed the patient was heterozygous for two SLCO1B1 deleterious variants, c.481+1G>T and c.1463G>C (*9), which are more prevalent in patients of African ancestry. This highlights the importance of pharmacogenetic testing in SLCO1B1, which includes a broader range of genetic variants for patients of African ancestry.
Assessment of fitness for bleomycin use and management of bleomycin pulmonary toxicity in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma: A British Society for Haematology Good Practice Paper
Authors: Barrett Aisling , Shah Nimish , Chadwick Andrew , Burns David , Burton Cathy , Cutter David J. , Follows George A. , McKay Pam , Osborne Wendy , Phillips Elizabeth , Wilson Matthew R. , Collins Graham P.
Published: November 2024

This good practice paper (GPP) is intended to support clinicians in assessing patient fitness for bleomycin and in management of bleomycin pulmonary toxicity (BPT) where it occurs. Bleomycin, originally developed as an antibiotic in the 1960s, has been a cornerstone of therapy for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) since results of its use in combination with doxorubicin, vincristine and dacarbazine (ABVD) were first published by Bonadonna et al in 1975 1. The same author recognised high rates of respiratory morbidity in these patients 2, and bleomycin‐;related pulmonary toxicity (BPT) is now a well‐;recognised and feared complication with its use. ABVD and BEACOPP/ BEACOPDac (bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone, with procarbazine or dacarbazine) are standard first‐;line treatments in CHL patients, but considerable variation remains in assessing patient fitness for bleomycin both clinically and with respiratory investigations. A recent survey of British haematologists regularly using bleomycin revealed that 87.5% have no local protocols for assessing patients in an evidence‐;based fashion, with wide variations in practice captured in the same survey (personal data). A working group was established and a literature review undertaken with the goal of presenting practical recommendations for clinicians regarding bleomycin use based on available evidence and expert opinion.
Global Incidence and Prevalence of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Min Hye Kyu , Lee Sooji , Kim Soeun , Son Yejun , Park Jaeyu , Kim Hyeon Jin , Lee Jinseok , Lee Hayeon , Smith Lee , Rahmati Masoud , Kang Jiseung , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Cho Seong H. , Hahn Jong Woo , Yon Dong Keon
Published: November 2024

Objective

Data on the global prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is significantly varied and limited across countries and over time. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the global, regional, and national burden of CRS from the years 1980 to 2021, as well as identify those factors that influence levels of such burden.

Design

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of general population‐based observational studies focusing on CRS. We calculated pooled estimates of CRS prevalence and incidence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were conducted stratifying by sex, age cohorts, geographic regions, smoking status, obesity, and comorbid conditions.

Data Sources

PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases.

Eligibility Criteria for Selection

We included general population‐based observational studies on CRS published from database inception through October 20, 2023.

Results

A total of 28 eligible studies, encompassing more than 237 million participants and 11,342,923 patients with CRS from 20 countries across four continents, were included in the analysis. Global pooled prevalence of CRS and CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) was found to be 8.71% (95% CI, 6.69–11.33; number of studies, 20) and 0.65% (95% CI, 0.56–0.75; number of studies, 4), respectively. The prevalence of CRS was greater in Europe compared with North America, South America, and Asia; adults compared with children; smokers compared with never‐smoker; those with obesity compared with normal weight; and those with comorbidities such as asthma, diabetes mellitus, eczema, and nasal septal deviation. Pooled prevalence of CRS increased from 1980 to 2020 (1980–2000: 4.72%; 95% CI, 2.12–10.49; 2014–2020: 19.40%; 95% CI, 12.12–31.07). Similar patterns were observed in CRS incidence.

Conclusions

Our study provides valuable insights into CRS prevalence and incidence across diverse demographic and clinical factors, highlighting its increasing global burden. The reported prevalence of CRS varies internationally, and may be increasing over time. To enhance data quality and comparability, standardization of reporting methodologies is imperative.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO (registration no. CRD42024527805).
GETr: A Geometric Equivariant Transformer for Point Cloud Registration
Authors: Yu Chang , Zhang Sanguo , Shen Li‐Yong
Published: November 2024

As a fundamental problem in computer vision, 3D point cloud registration (PCR) aims to seek the optimal transformation to align point cloud pairs. Meanwhile, the equivariance lies at the core of matching point clouds at arbitrary pose. In this paper, we propose GETr, a geometric equivariant transformer for PCR. By learning the point‐wise orientations, we decouple the coordinate to the pose of the point clouds, which is the key to achieve equivariance in our framework. Then we utilize attention mechanism to learn the geometric features for superpoints matching, the proposed novel self‐attention mechanism encodes the geometric information of point clouds. Finally, the coarse‐to‐fine manner is used to obtain high‐quality correspondence for registration. Extensive experiments on both indoor and outdoor benchmarks demonstrate that our method outperforms various existing state‐of‐the‐art methods.
A Surface‐based Appearance Model for Pennaceous Feathers
Authors: Padrón‐Griffe Juan Raúl , Lanza Dario , Jarabo Adrián , Muñoz Adolfo
Published: November 2024

The appearance of a real‐world feather results from the complex interaction of light with its multi‐scale biological structure, including the central shaft, branching barbs, and interlocking barbules on those barbs. In this work, we propose a practical surface‐based appearance model for feathers. We represent the far‐field appearance of feathers using a BSDF that implicitly represents the light scattering from the main biological structures of a feather, such as the shaft, barb and barbules. Our model accounts for the particular characteristics of feather barbs such as the non‐cylindrical cross‐sections and the scattering media via a numerically‐based BCSDF. To model the relative visibility between barbs and barbules, we derive a masking term for the differential projected areas of the different components of the feather's microgeometry, which allows us to analytically compute the masking between barbs and barbules. As opposed to previous works, our model uses a lightweight representation of the geometry based on a 2D texture, and does not require explicitly representing the barbs as curves. We show the flexibility and potential of our appearance model approach to represent the most important visual features of several pennaceous feathers.
Palette‐Based Recolouring of Gradient Meshes
Authors: de la Houssaije Willard A. Verschoore , Echevarria Jose , Kosinka Jiří
Published: November 2024

Gradient meshes are a vector graphics primitive formed by a regular grid of bicubic quad patches. They allow for the creation of complex geometries and colour gradients, with recent extensions supporting features such as local refinement and sharp colour transitions. While many methods exist for recolouring raster images, often achieved by modifying an automatically detected palette of the image, gradient meshes have not received the same amount of attention when it comes to global colour editing. We present a novel method that allows for real‐time palette‐based recolouring of gradient meshes, including gradient meshes constructed using local refinement and containing sharp colour transitions. We demonstrate the utility of our method on synthetic illustrative examples as well as on complex gradient meshes.
Semaglutide improved sperm morphology in obese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and functional hypogonadism
Authors: Gregorič Nadan , Šikonja Jaka , Janež Andrej , Jensterle Mojca
Published: November 2024

Aims

To compare the effects of semaglutide and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on semen quality and parameters of functional hypogonadism (FH) in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity.

Materials and Methods

We designed a randomised open‐label trial in 25 men with type 2 diabetes (aged 50 [46–60] years, BMI 35.9 [32.8–38.7] kg/m2) and FH randomised to semaglutide (SEMA) 1 mg/week or intramuscular testosterone undecanoate (TRT) 1000 mg/10–12 weeks for 24 weeks. Semen analysis and parameters of FH were measured at baseline and after 24 weeks of treatment. Participants completed questionnaires of the International Index of Erectile Function‐15 (IIEF‐15) and the Aging Symptoms in Men (AMS).

Results

The quality of baseline sperm parameters of our study cohort was poor, below the 5th percentile of reference values. In the SEMA group, there was a significant increase in morphologically normal sperm from baseline to the end of the study (2% [2; 3.5] vs. 4% [2; 5.5]; p = 0.012), whereas sperm concentration and total number decreased significantly in the TRT group. Compared to TRT, the SEMA group had a significantly higher number of morphologically normal sperm, sperm concentration and total number. Both groups experienced an increase in total testosterone and improvement in the AMS score, whereas the IIEF‐15 score significantly improved only in the TRT group.

Conclusion

Semaglutide markedly improved sperm morphology, total testosterone levels and symptoms of hypogonadism. These findings highlight semaglutide's potential as a therapeutic approach for men with obesity‐related FH who desire fertility.

Clinical trial registration number

NCT06489457, www.clinicaltrials.gov.
The cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating the protective effects of sodium–glucose linked transporter 2 inhibitors against metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease
Authors: Ao Na , Du Jian , Jin Shi , Suo Linna , Yang Jing
Published: November 2024

Metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a common, highly heterogeneous condition that affects about a quarter of the world's population, with no approved drug therapy. Current evidence from preclinical research and a number of small clinical trials indicates that SGLT2 inhibitors could also be effective for MAFLD. MAFLD is associated with a higher risk of chronic liver disease and multiple extrahepatic events, especially cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). MAFLD is considered a more appropriate terminology than NAFLD because it captures the complex bidirectional interplay between fatty liver and metabolic dysfunctions associated with disease progression, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SGLT2 inhibitors are antidiabetic drugs that block glucose reabsorption in the kidney proximal tubule. In this article, we reviewed current clinical evidence supporting the potential use of SGLT2 inhibitors as a drug therapy for MAFLD and discussed the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. We also reviewed the clinical benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors against MAFLD‐related comorbidities, especially CVD, CKD and cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic syndrome (CKM). The broad beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors support their use, likely in combination with other drugs, as a therapy for MAFLD.
Developing a digital therapeutic for obesity management through 3D human body reconstruction
Authors: Lee Hyunsook , Youm Sekyoung
Published: November 2024

This study introduced a groundbreaking approach to address the pressing public health challenges of obesity management and its associated health implications. By establishing a clear link between obesity and various health issues, this study underscores the critical need for effective interventions. Our team developed a pioneering digital therapeutic tool through the application of advanced 3D artificial intelligence technologies. This innovative solution offers a dynamic visual representation of weight loss and health enhancement journeys for individuals with obesity. By providing a platform for users to monitor their progress in real time, digital therapeutics (DTx) foster deeper engagement and strengthen motivation towards health goals. The experimental results showed that the digital therapeutic received high scores in terms of usability, effectiveness, predictiveness and personalization, user satisfaction, and continuous usage and adherence. These findings suggest that DTx can be a valuable tool for the management and treatment of obesity. The effectiveness of this digital approach was thoroughly assessed from multiple dimensions, showing its significant potential and effectiveness in obesity management. These findings advocate ongoing research in this area, projecting that the continuous evolution of DTx will have a profound positive impact on both personal and public health outcomes.
The Acceptability, Safety and Impact of a Play Co‐Developed With Public Contributors as a Format for Disseminating Research on a Sensitive Subject
Authors: Brooks Cat Papastavrou , Hopewell‐Kelly Noreen , Lewis Natalia V.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Patient and public involvement (PPI) and dissemination of research findings are key parts of the pathway to research impact; however, traditional approaches often fail to engage non‐academic audiences. Creative methods such as co‐developed plays can be effective ways of making the research process and findings more engaging and accessible to the public. Not much is known about how to safely involve patients and the public in the development and delivery of plays disseminating research on sensitive subjects. Members of a PPI group on a study about mindfulness for women with a history of domestic abuse co‐developed and performed a play about their experiences. This study aimed to evaluate the impact, acceptability and safety of a co‐developed play in publicizing PPI and findings from research on domestic abuse.

Methods

We conducted a mixed‐methods study with the play team and audience. We collected 20 quantitative and 56 qualitative survey responses from audience members, carried out 4.25 h of direct observations of play performances and interviewed seven audience members and eight play team members. Data were analyzed using the framework method and descriptive statistics, using a ‘following a thread’ approach to integrate qualitative and quantitative findings in themes answering our study aim.

Findings

We developed three integrated themes with ten sub‐themes. The ‘Value’ theme summarized the plays' impact on audience understanding, potential mechanisms of impact and its effectiveness in depth over breadth of dissemination. The ‘Re‐traumatization’ theme described potential harms of the play, the risks of re‐traumatizing actors and distressing audiences. The ‘Reducing the risks’ theme summarized ways of reducing these risks of harm.

Conclusion

A play co‐developed and performed by study PPI members raised awareness of domestic abuse. However, there were divergent opinions on its value in disseminating messages about PPI in research on sensitive subjects. The value of the play for research dissemination was linked to its ability to emotionally engage the public, and to its accessibility. Implementing strategies to reduce the risk of re‐traumatizing audience members and the project team is recommended.

Patient or Public Contribution

Everyone with direct experience of co‐creating and performing the play contributed to this study. This included four public contributors: a community theatre producer, two actors with lived experience of domestic abuse who were members of the study PPI group and one community actor already working with the community theatre. A participatory workshop with PPI contributors was held to refine our research questions and data collection instruments, using a public involvement evaluation tool, The Cube. PPI contributors checked and commented on the draft manuscript.
A Qualitative Exploration of the Socioecological Influences Shaping the Diagnostic Experience and Self‐Management Practices Among People Newly Diagnosed With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Wills Olivia , Manche Sarah , Probst Yasmine
Published: November 2024

Background

People newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) often pursue ‘health‐related’ behaviour changes to feel in control of their diagnosis. However, little is known about the specific factors that may influence behaviour change during this crucial time. Therefore, we conducted an in‐depth exploration of the socioecological influences impacting the diagnostic experience and self‐management practices following an MS diagnosis.

Methods

We followed a qualitative study design using a phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of people newly diagnosed with MS. Analysis was conducted via an iterative process, starting with deductive open coding to map onto the socioecological model, followed by inductive focused coding to extract key themes from participants' reported experiences.

Results

Eight participants diagnosed with MS within the past 12 months were interviewed. Four themes were reported across the MS journey, reflecting the different levels of the socioecological model: (1) taking control of a new diagnosis to retain a sense of personal identity—individual level; (2) grief and acceptance guided by community—social connection, community and social environment; (3) practical management of MS in the wider society—policy and government regulation; and (4) global events that greatly upheave the MS journey—natural disasters and societal conflicts, such as a pandemic. These themes highlighted the complex interrelationship between socioecological factors and self‐management abilities in people living with MS.

Conclusions

The diagnostic experience of those with MS is highly complex. Although it varies for each person living with MS, there are shared experiences that often reflect a common cycle of grief. An MS diagnosis provides an opportunity for self‐rediscovery, which can both influence and be influenced by socioecological factors. The social and technical nature of self‐managing MS strongly shapes the diagnostic experience, underpinning many aspects of daily living, social interaction and physical and psychological well‐being.

Patient or Public Contribution

The research team worked closely with an MS‐specific consumer panel for the study design. This project was raised with this group, and preliminary results were shared at a national conference for MS during a lived‐experience consumer stream to gain additional insights.
Role of Pakistani e‐libraries in promoting health awareness for the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal‐3
Authors: Soroya Saira Hanif , Sharif Ashraf , Faiola Anthony
Published: November 2024

Background

Pakistan is a densely populated South Asian country. It is facing numerous health challenges, as well as problems of the digital divide. The government of Pakistan established e‐libraries as a pilot project in 2018. These libraries are functioning through community centers/public libraries in the largest province of the country.

Objective

This paper examines the role of Pakistani e‐libraries in creating health awareness and providing health information to the public.

Methods

The qualitative research design was based on focus group discussions with the head librarians of all 13 of the 20 e‐libraries contacted.

Results

The findings revealed that e‐libraries actively create health‐related awareness and connect the public to health advisors. The e‐libraries were engaged in four types of health‐related activities (seminars, awareness campaigns, open health camps, and special health day celebrations) with high attendance from the public. Attendees of these programs returned to librarians with additional health‐related queries.

Conclusions

The study suggests a need for more liaison between the community and local healthcare institutions. This approach can make these programs more effective in helping individuals manage their health. The results of this study can serve as a useful guide for other developing nations in developing similar services.
Body size and abundance patterns of male orchid bees in a fragmented Neotropical landscape
Authors: Guevara Jennifer , Calvache Esteban , Ortega‐Andrade H. Mauricio , Pazmiño‐Palomino Alex
Published: November 2024

Understanding the relationship between functional traits and fragmentation is crucial for promoting biodiversity and ecosystem function. Orchid bees (Euglossini) are important pollinators in Neotropical forests, but how body size may be associated with fragmentation and its influence on community organisation remains unexplored.

We systematically sampled orchid bee communities across 15 plots in a fragmented area in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin to evaluate how patch size and isolation are associated with body size and abundance. Our samples comprised large‐bodied bees (Eulaema, Euglossa and the parasitic Exaerete), with small Euglossa notably absent.

The relative representation of Eulaema species of varying sizes changed across the fragmented landscape, leading to shifts in overall mean body size consistent with the prediction that larger‐bodied pollinators are better at long‐distance movement.

Euglossa, the most abundant genus (67% of the total sample), was found across all patches regardless of body size. Euglossa intersecta and Euglossa orellana, the largest Euglossa in the region, were the most common species across the fragmented landscape.

The abundance of male euglossines experienced a general decline with decreasing patch size and increasing isolation. However, at the species level, the abundance of some species was not affected at all. Because body size often mediates dispersal ability, thermoregulation, and resource use, we reinforce the importance of assessing body size patterns to understand changes in diversity, abundance and the composition of tropical pollinator communities in fragmented landscapes.