bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Camera Motion Estimation based on Phase Correlation
Authors: Abdulkareem Abdulkadhem Abdulkadhem , A. Al-Assadi Tawfiq
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we introduce a new style for a relative localization estimation and trajectory determination of a camera sensor based on a vision in GPS-denied environments. The input to the system is video film taken from a camera placed on the vehicle as forward facing camera. The output of the system is a trajectory (path) of camera movement .The proposed framework consists of many main steps, the first one extracts the FFT of two consecutive frames of video. The next step is to find the entry-wise product of frequency domain of frames. The third step is extracting the FFT inverse of entry-wise product. Next, the system finds the location of a maximum peak that represents the translation motion between two frames of video. The proposed system is faster than traditional methods that depend on spatial features and system have done without any external information of camera calibration.Â Â
Design and Implementation a Typical University Business Intelligence System Using Data Warehouse Technique (UBIS)
Authors: Hameed Mousa Ayad , Talib Mohammed Nibras , Adnan Raheem Heba
Published: July 2024

In organizations management, a Business Intelligence systems (BI) provides a flexible and computerized approach to help and support their top management (decision makers) to make better decisions. The education institutes tend to develop a Business Intelligence (BI) system to manage, integrate and control the academic information systems in terms of both data.However, until today, information does not integrate and presented in an appropriate manner for the university-decision-maker in helping them to make better decisions. The main issue is how to extract and process a massive amount of the information to speed up the intended data analysis and processing in supporting the university decision-making process. To manage and facilitate the data management process, in this paper, a university business intelligence system based on data warehouse model was designedand implemented into a case study from local education institute are carried out to explore the influences mentioned above. Finally, to find out the applicability of the proposed model the usability tested was conducted. The findings showed the applicability of the proposed system in practice.Â Â
Bi and Mono Static Radar Cross Section Computation for Various Target's Materials
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Ahmed , H. Ali Israa , Raheem Hatem Haraa
Published: July 2024

Radar cross section (RCS) is important parameter which gives an indication about the spatial waveform of the return signal from the target to the radar (Echo) which can be consider as a signature. RCS signature measurements for any physical objects like aircraft, tanks, and vessels is sophisticated processes and expensive, due to of using microwave instruments which should has the capability of illuminate the target with adequate energy, so that the radar can recognize the reflected signal from that object against the other objects in the floor which consider noise floor. In this paper, Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software is used to simulate the RCS for several targets material, and different angles. The target is modeled and simulated for different material and analysis of RCS is carried out with different angles using two systems. The first system is Monostatic and the second is bistatic with selected frequency for both is 9.4 GHz (X-band frequencies). The results of this work show that the target with steel material has a significant RCS for both bistatic and monostatic radar compared to the FR4 and wood materials; where FR4 is a composite material composed of woven fiberglass cloth with an epoxy resin binder that is flame resistant.Â Â Â
Torsional Stresses of Composite Fiberglass at High Shear Strain Rate
Authors: Abbas Abdulla Fadhel , Adnan Khalaf Waad
Published: July 2024

Using Torsional-Split-Hopkinson-Bar (TSHB),the dynamic behavior of pure epoxy that reinforced with random (shape) fiberE glass using five twistedangles (4 ÌŠ, 6 ÌŠ, 8 ÌŠ, 10 ÌŠ and 12 ÌŠ) was investigated experimentally. The fiber used in this work was Threads of fiber (140 mmlength).A new clamp system mechanism is used in this work.Using three volume fraction (55, 40 and 25%), the composites samples were prepared. The results show that, the increasing shear strain rate for all types of these samples causes increasing in maximum shear stress, and shear strain. At angles of twist Ó¨=12 ÌŠ, when the volume fraction increased from 25% to 40% , the shear strain, shear strain rate and shear stress are increased by 12.4%, 18.9%, and 12.5%respectively, as well when the volume fraction increased from 40% to 50% , the shear strain, shear strain rate and shear stress increased by 8.7%, 6.4%, and 5.5% respectively. The shear stress and shear strain for fiber E glass- epoxy composite sample at 55 volume fractionand 594 stain rate are 61 Mpa and 5.1 respectively.Â
Feasibility of spectral analysis techniques for disruption analysis in Aditya tokamak
Authors: Thaj Mary Delsy T , M. Nandhitha N , Sheela Rani B
Published: July 2024

Aditya Tokamak is a medium size fusion reactor that uses plasma for the generation of power. Magnetic fields are used to confine plasma inside the torus. Release of plasma from its confinement is called plasma disruption. Plasma disruption is a dangerous event, which damages the in â€“ vessel components of the Tokamak. So the early stage prediction of plasma disruption is quite important. Wavelet transform is a powerful tool for the analysis of the non - stationary signals. In this paper, analysis of plasma disruption signals using Biorthogonal wavelet transforms is perform to identify disruption. Plasma current, Vloop, Halpha, Hard X ray, Mirnov coil signal, Soft X-ray are diagnostic signals. Performance is measured in terms of sensitivity and specificity.Â Â
Duplicate detection and elimination in xml data for a data warehouse
Authors: O. Mahdi 1 Ghaith , M. Hamad Murtadha
Published: July 2024

Due to the significant increase in the volume of data in recent decades, the problem of duplicate data has emerged because of the multiplicity of resources where the data is collected in different formats. The presence of duplicates comes as a result of the existence of different formulas of data. Thus, it is necessary to clean the duplicate data to access a pure data set. The main concern of this study is to clean data which Known by its complex hierarchal structure in data warehouse. This can be achieved by detecting duplicate in large data bases in order to increase the efficiency of data mining. In the current study the proposed system of duplicate elements passes through three-stages. The first stage (Pre-processing stage) includes two parts: the first part is the elimination of the exact match which, in turn, works to eliminate many of the identical elements completely. This procedure saves a lot of time and effort by preventing the entrance of many elements to the processing stage which are usually known by its complexity. In the second part blocking technique is used based on Levenshtein distance to minimize the number of comparisons and to maximize the accuracy of blocking elements than the traditional ones. These processes are performed to improve the dataset. The second stage (Processing stage) is taken to compute the similarity ratios between each pair of elements within each block by using smith waterman similarity algorithm. The third stage is the classification stage of the elements in which an element is identified whether it is duplicate or non-duplicate. The Artificial Neural Network technique (Back-Propagation) is used to meet this purpose. The threshold 0.65 has been determined which is relied on the results obtained. The Artificial Neural Network (Back-Propagation) is used to classify the elements in to duplicate and non-duplicate. The efficiency of the proposed system is represented by the accuracy obtained which is closer to 100% through reducing the number of "false negatives" and "false positive" relative to the "true positive".Â Â
An advanced approach for distortionless seamcarving in video analysis
Authors: Thirumalaiah G. , Immanuel Alex Pandian S.
Published: July 2024

Video synopsis is a technique that creates summary of the video or it can converts the abstraction of selected frames. This innovative approach permits the organizations to review long videos in minutes. It is more convenient to superimpose objects on to the static background and parallel displaying events to generate video synopsis. In this, paper a propelled noiseless video synopsis technique, which utilizes object-extracting method for vital objects. Along this technique spatial and temporal coherence cost is used to maintain time and position of the important objects. The proposed method will generate video spots and seam craving method to reduce the input (original) video. Finally, experimental results gives that our proposed method can produce a large reducing ratio, while preserving all the important objects of choice. Therefore, this noiseless approach can facilitate users to watch the surveillance video with greater accuracy.Â Â
Volume change study due to moisture variation related to different sources
Authors: A. Khalil Amina
Published: July 2024

Volume change in the soil mass due to variation in moisture change may cause several problems and severe damages, especially to the lightweight structures. In this study, numerically volume change caused by variation in moisture content (heave and settlement) around a selected building would be studied using Geo-Studio software. Different types of flowing water resources that cause volume changing to the soil were used. These types are a seasonal wetting-drying effect, surface rainfall, pipe leaking, and infiltrations from the septic tank. In addition four types of soils (having different clay content) which denoted as (S1, S2, S3, S4)* were used in this research work. For speci-fied water resource, the water variation for the selected sources was simulated using SEEP/W and then using SIGMA/W to compute the heave and settlement. Several laboratory tests were conducted to obtain the soil parameters that would be used in the numerical analysis. The laboratory tests include the index, compaction, permeability (saturated/unsaturated), compressibility and soil-water characteristic curve tests. Most of the obtained properties for the soils were used in the finite element simulations. Results showed that the wetting-drying due to sea-sonal rise and existence of septic tank give a significant effect on the soil heave and settlement when compared with other studied sources. For the infiltration case, the influence zone was in the first-meter depth of the soil mass. Thickness variation (DH) effect extends outside the edge of the building to about 11-15 m for wetting-drying cases, while its values extend about 12.5 m for other sources. During the initial period, the settlement rate was clearly higher in soil types S4, and S3 than S2, and S1 soils.* S1: CH soil, S4: SM Soil, S2: 80%CH & 20%SM, S3: 20%CH+80%SM.Â Â
Smart city and e- government components
Authors: Bani Younes Mohammad , Zeyad Aljunaedi Bajes
Published: July 2024

This theoretical paper will discuss the strategies and application of these plans for making the cities glamorous. A customary of the mutual multifaceted components causing the smart city concept and the essential features for an effective smart city project is acknowledged by discovering current working explanation of trendy city and a variety of numerous theoretical links analogous to smart city.Motivation: There is a need for considering smart cities for discussing the revolution in city governments and for the self-motivated of various investors.Problem statement: need to explore the ways of changing smart technologies and how the human factors are influenced by the smart cities with the advanced technologies.Method: review the studies of smart city frameworks.Contribution: This paper proposed planned ideologies line up to three main scopes such as people, skills, and the institutions of these trendy cities. It will also specify to integrate the facilities related to technology and organizations, and social education for the enhancement of the structure of human, governance that will make improvements in the engagements of citizen.Conclusion of research: have discovered the large number of theoretical scopes of smart in this paper that will be helpful for future studies as conceptual framework.Â Â Â
Dynamic approach for spectrum sharing in cognitive radio
Authors: Shakor Mahmood Zuhair , Najdet Nasret Coran Ali , Esam Kamal Ayoub
Published: July 2024

Due to fixed spectrum allocation phenomenon (FSA), spectrum agreement failed to satisfy the demanded of the evolving technolo-gies. However, cognitive radio has approached for utilizing the spectrum and substituting resources deficiency. The number of radio users is tragically increasing since human turns technologies in all sectors; even those users of licensed band are demanding larger radio spectrum. Users may get assigned into other bands to balance the radio spectrum congestion. In this paper, we proposed model to overcome radio deficiency. This paper is highlighting the spectrum sharing performance constrains. Time delay and throughput are studied under different spectrum sharing techniques.Â Â Â
Solution pattern for machine-to-cloud integration in medical robotics
Authors: Yee Jingye , Yee Low Cheng , Quan Chong Zhen , Shien Soh Wei , Bin Abd Rahman Ramhuzaini , Akhtar Hanapiah Fazah , Ayuni Che Zakaria Noor , Asmar Laban , Rabe Martin
Published: July 2024

Industrial Revolution 4.0 is bringing a paradigm shift into the industrial world and also indirectly revolutionising the healthcare domain. The Internet of Things (IoT) brings a revolution in the healthcare industry and medical education. One of the vital developments involves integration of medical devices and robots with cloud through the internet. This paper thus describes a general solution guideline for developing the IoT compliant medical robots. For that, an upper limb part-task trainer for upper limb spasticity evaluation training for rehabilitation named BITA is used to demonstrate how cloud integration could be achieved at its system-level design.Â Â Â
Satellite DVB-RCS VSAT standards for fixed and mobile applications
Authors: Stojce Ilcev Dimov
Published: July 2024

The growing demand for communications bandwidth over all wireless media has motivated the introduction of compact satellite com-munications solutions that provide bi-directional services at greater than 90 Mb/s known as Digital Video Broadcasting-Return Channel via Satellite (DVB-RCS). Current applications may demand rapid installation at fixed locations as well as mobile platforms, such as stationary and moving vehicles, manned and unmanned aircraft, and ships on the oceans. More than a basic introduction, this course presents the specific approaches for designing a broadband satellite network using L/C, Ku, and Ka-bands, and should allow participants to configure major space and ground architecture, evaluate sources of antennas technology, RF electronics, and select the most appropri-ate satellite architecture, spot or regional coverage, bandwidth and services. Applications to commercial and government users are de-scribed as well as compliance with international radio regulations. This paper will provide a case study of the implementation of DVB-RCS scenario for Military Applications for Navy, Land and Aeronautical military platforms. The design and implementation DVB-RCS satellite constellation, development ground infrastructure of the Hub or Gateway as Ground Earth Station (GES) with antenna system and users network, the return link demodulation method, resource management scheme, fixed and mobile terminal structure including antenna configurations are described. The paper also addresses DVB-RCS applications that provide both IPTV and IPPC high-speed Internet base on DVB-S/DVB-RCS standards to the commercial and military passengers and crews for land, maritime and air vehicles, including E-education, E-medicine, E-banking (ATM), Defense Information Management (DIM), Voice over IP and Voice, Data and Video over IP (VDVoIP) and so on.Â
Forecasting Model of the Electricity Consumption: Preliminary Study using Statistical Data Analysis and Artificial Neural Network (SDA-ANN) Framework
Authors: Asraf H. Muhammad , Dalila K.A. Nur , Kamariah Kasmin@Bajuri Nor , M.Y. Zakiah , Mariam Mohammad Ilyas Siti , M.T Nooritawati
Published: July 2024

There is a growing trend in utilizing forecast model in predicting energy usage in order to pursue sustainable practice. Among the benefit of the prediction model includes energy efficient usage and basic reduction in operating cost. The objective of this paper to employ Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to be used as the preliminary forecast model for electricity consumption trend prediction. The proposed ANN model will also include on pre-processing of the input variable through Statistical Data Analysis method to improve on the model. The model is then subjected to case study of electricity consumption in Universiti Teknologi MARA Pasir Gudang (UiTMPG), where the environmental temperature, number of student and staff noted as attendance data is designated as the input variables. Actual monthly billing data and UiTM attendance data is used as the testing data for the ANN, and the forecast model successfully generates the prediction equation. Results from the forecast model show the recorded Mean Relative Error (MRE) is within the acceptable value of 3.0254%.Â Â
Fast Track Arbitration in Construction Industry: A Systematic Literature Review Identifying the Key Factors and Challenges for Current Trends
Authors: Khodijah Muhd Fadhlullah Ng Nur , Ismail Zulhabri , Hashim Norfashiha , Mat Nasir Nasyairi
Published: July 2024

In the construction industry, differences in perceptions may exist among project participants, therefore, conflicts are inevitable and can quickly turn into disputes. It can be resolved or settled through litigation and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Arbitration is the most established and well sought-after method. Even so, the arbitral process takes a long time which leads to the fast track arbitration approach. It is expected that the fast track arbitration approach can minimise the time and optimise the cost. However, to date, there is limited established data on the application of fast track arbitration. The present review is trying to compiled the key factors and challenges of fast track arbitration over the last eight years within the construction industry, from August 2010 to April 2018. The systematic review was limited to eight indicators: i) willingness of parties, ii) delay in proceeding, iii) cost controls, iv) time consuming, v) knowledge and awareness, vi) arbitral tribunal reputation, vii) expertise in arbitration, and viii) clear guideline. Literature searches were conducted using predefined keywords in six major databases, including Hein Online, Elsevier, Web of Science, Lexis Nexis, ASCE, and ProQuest. The abstracts and full-text articles of potentially relevant papers were screened to determine the eligibility. Data was abstracted for 36 eligible articles. The review primarily attempted to seek answers to the following two questions: (1) What are the different research approaches used to study fast track arbitration? (2) What is the status of recent publications on fast track arbitration? This study addresses the recent publications revealing that while fast track arbitration is evolving, there is still a gap in the application of fast track arbitration on its benefits. Thus, the findings may act as a catalyst for conducting further research in this field of study.Â
Energy Consumption and Low Carbon Initiatives in an Academic Building: A Case Study in Malaysia
Authors: Ilham NI , Hussain MZ , Abd Rahman NH , Mat Saat EH , Firdaus S , Amalina MN , Hasanuzzaman M
Published: July 2024

Climate change due to the enormous energy consumption and emission of CO2 has become major issues in the aspect of political and scientific. In Malaysia, energy consumption in building sector contributes almost half of the electricity generated hence increasing the CO2 emission. Through the Energy Efficiency Projects on Energy Efficiency (EE) programmes (2016 â€“ 2020) initiated in RMK11, Â Â several buildings in Malaysia have started many ways to improve energy-efficiency and saving in building such as nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB), apparatus standard, and labeling. Less attention and awareness to energy audits and in-depth monitoring in Malaysian public universities correspondingly leads to higher energy usage. By monitoring the energy consumption pattern, the conservation can be strategies and implemented. Through this study, a preliminary investigation on the energy consumption and Building Energy Use Index (BEI) in one of the selected academic buildings in Malaysian public universities has been carried out. From an initial data collection or walk-through audits, several energy-saving suggestions were made at identified areas that can be improved towards energy saving. Â Â Â Â Several works of literature have been reviewed to gathered additional information related to energy policies and regulations on Malaysiaâ€™s perspective.Â
Auto-Scaling Variable Step Size Incremental Conductance Maximum Power Tracking Control Algorithm for Photovoltaic System
Authors: Hasliza Abdul Rahman Noor , Iqtiyani Ilham Nur , Maliki Omar Ahmad , Hisham Mat Saat Ezril , Zhafran Hussin Mohamad , Mohd Hussain Mashitah , Othman Norhalida
Published: July 2024

Generally, most of the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques are based on the fixed step size considering to its simplicity and easy execution. However, the fixed step size contributes to the high power oscillation around maximum power point for large step size and slow time response for small step size. In order to compromise between these two problems, the variable step size (VSS) method is proposed. Yet, there are some deficiency occurred in the conventional VSS between time response and power oscillation. Thus, in this research paper, Auto-Scaling Variable Step Size (AVSS) Incremental Conductance (INC) algorithm technique will be employed to improve the trade-off between time response and power oscillation.Â Â
An efficient algorithm to improve oil-gas pipelines path
Authors: Naeem Hasan Almaalei Nabeel , Noor Asyikin Mohd Razali Siti , Abdulwahab Mohammed Alduais Nayef
Published: July 2024

Oil-gas pipeline is a complex and high-cost system in terms of materials, construction, maintenance, control, and monitoring in which it involves environmental, economic and social risk. In the case study of Iraq, this system of pipelines is above the ground and is liable to accidents that may cause environmental disaster, loss of life and money. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose a new algorithm to obtain the shortest path connecting oil-gas wells and addressing obstacles that may appear on the path connecting any two wells. In order to show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, comparison between ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm and a real current method of linking is used for this purpose. Result shows that the new proposed algorithm outperformed the other methods with higher reduction in operational cost by 16.4% for a number of 50 wells. In addition, the shortest path of connecting oil-gas wells are able to overcome all the addressed obstacles in the Rumaila north field, which is located in the city of Basra in southern Iraq.Â Â Â
Cross-project defect prediction using ant colony optimization
Authors: Kumar B Kiran , Jayadev Gyani Dr. , Narsimha G. Dr.
Published: July 2024

Software defect prediction techniques applied on single project are showcasing good results because of availability voluminous data to train the model. But newly developed software projects may not have sufficient amount data to train the model. In cross-project defect prediction model (CPDP), training model is constructed by using defect dataset of one project (which contains sufficient amount of data) and tested on another project (which contains less amount of data). In this paper, we selected similar features from eight open source defect datasets from PROMISE repository and applied meta-heuristic Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm for Cross-Project defect Prediction.Â Â
COABRA: collaborative secured auditing with privacy preservation policy on group shared data in cloud based digital repositories
Authors: S Arunkumar , M.S Anbarasi
Published: July 2024

Cloud storage services like digital repositories, allow users to store and share data across multiple users within a group. However it is always a big time challenge to conserve the integrity of the data stored, due to the high probability of inevitable hardware and software failures. The Third Party Auditor (TPA) is allowed to verify the integrity of the data ie checking correctness of the data. There are many challenges during auditing process, mainly privacy issue. Another prevailing challenge is to achieve high degree of access control and traceability along with extensive abstraction to preserve privacy.This proposal provides solution for this privacy preserving issue by Holomorphic Circle Sign (HCS) method without revealing the identity of signer where the signer is one of the group members. Also provides Random Combination Block (RCB) method to audit random combination of encoded data rather than actual data. RCB method provides reduced data transmission and avoids decoding/recalculation process.The proposal also support public auditing on regenerated data which is used for providing reliability on shared data and prompt traceability mechanism that tracks.Â
The colors of the domes in the desert- a review
Authors: Mansour Safran Dr.
Published: July 2024

This paper mainly studies The Colors of the Domes in the desert; the mosque is for Muslims the clearest symbol of faith, a place of prayer and even in social gatherings. In Jordan, this religious building is so widespread within the large towns, small villages and in some cases the margin of the boundless desert areas. The spread of radical mosques throughout the country, from north to south of Jordan, took particular elements of recognition and visibility to differentiate the homogeneity of the constructed building that saturates the urban areas of towns and villages continues to grow. The most common type is the mosque dome, in which the interior of a quadrilateral shape is organized under a single dome in the center. This proposed approaches Methodology the dome over to play an important religious significance, as an image and symbol of the heavens and the divine transcendence, is an important visual indicator, which together enhances the looks to the minaret of the mosque. The symbolic importance of these places of worship is delayed precisely those elements required in the landscape as safe points of reference, linked to Islamic architectural tradition.Â Â
Realization and fabrication of 3rd order high pass filter with CMOS
Authors: Naicker Koleen , M.Srivastava Viranjay
Published: July 2024

This research work encapsulates the early stages and recent stages of the third order high pass filter design process. The main objective of this work is to design and analysis of the parameters of third order high pass filter using MOSFET technology. It has been designed by cascading a first order with a second order high pass filter. The filter has cut-off frequency of 1 GHz. The core building blocks of the third order high pass filter are the op-amps which are responsible for providing gain in the filter circuit. Therefore, one of the typical LM741 op-amps in the filter circuit has been replaced with two-stage CMOS op-amp for enhanced CMRR, unity gain bandwidth, and reduced power consumption. This will allow the filter to operate for RF transceiver systems. The designed third order high pass filter has implemented double sided design and displayed transient responses have been compared to the simulated results and achieved better filtering effect. The bandwidth of the designed filter is higher than the conventional 3rd order high-pass filter which is also simulated in this work.Â Â
Internet of things security vulnerabilities and recommended solutions
Authors: F.Olanrewaju Rashidah , Ul Islam Khan Burhan , Anwar Farhat , Naaz Mir Roohie
Published: July 2024

The applications based on IoT are ubiquitous in providing passive user involvement on the collective approach of sensor technology, embedded system, networking and communication convergence with analytical computing. The application framework of IoT comprises of devices that are highly heterogeneous and compute migrations from sensor to IoT gateways to edge/fog computing to the cloud and then back to the client along with various alarming components. As observed from the review work, providing security for such networks is in its young stage in the form of an integrated architecture offering perfect security together with network and application possibilities although the shortcomings of IEFT and IEEE contribute more towards the same. Besides, the present researchers have not yet achieved the actual threshold of real-time performance potentials with respect to lesser computational complexity, usage of smaller key size, conformable security, lesser memory overheads, smaller ciphertext size, speedy processing time of algorithms, robust to possible threats and reduced communication/network overhead for ensuring a lighter security mechanism. This paper focusses on the security issues posed by large-scale heterogeneous IoT paradigm and arriving at a secure architectural framework adoptable by a variety of applications that include smart transportation, smart cities, smart healthcare, etc. based on IoT.Â Â
Deep Learning Algorithm using Transfer-Entropy measures for Anomaly Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Valliammal. N Dr. , Padmavathi. G Dr.
Published: July 2024

Generally, in cyber-physical systems, there are various attacks detected such as internet-based load altering attacks, False-Data Injection Attack (FDIA), stealthy deception attacks, covert attacks, time synchronization attacks, etc. Over the past decades, attack detection and secure control system design has a high interest due to the rapid growth of cyber security challenges by sophisticated attacks in cyber-physical system like Internet-of-Things (IoT). Among various techniques, Transfer Entropy Measure (TEM) was introduced to detect four types of attacks like Denial-of-Service (DoS), replay, innovation-based deception attack and data injection attacks. Since, it discovers the interaction behavior among pairs of entities generating by each cyber-physical systems. As well, conventional machine-learning based attack detection mechanisms have been successfully employed in IoT i.e., wireless sensors to detect cyber-attacks. However, such mechanisms have less accuracy and scalability with high computational complexity. Hence in this article, a novel distributed deep learning algorithm is proposed for cyber attack detection in IoT since deep learning algorithms try to learn high-level features from data in an incremental manner and solve the problem end to end. Here, the transfer-entropy is measured with different parameters like node, network and channel for sensor measurements. Then, the obtained values are gathered as training dataset. Subsequently, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Deep Neural Network (DNN) are trained with training dataset to detect the existence of the attacks in cyber-physical system. Finally, the average detection accuracy values of ANN and DNN are evaluated through the simulation results as 98.9% and 99.6% respectively.Â Â
Humidity and temperature monitoring
Authors: A.Abdul Wahhab Ibtihaj , Bierk Hussain , Ahmed Aday Luma
Published: July 2024

The prediction of climate in general and weather in particular are of paramount importance, especially with the possible negative consequences that may occur. Therefore, it is necessary to design an affordable, compacted size, and feasible weather station that provides significant information concerning humidity and temperature. In this research, we have employed a highly reliable DHT22 sensor and RF 433 hc12 for transmitting and receiving data. The DHT22 sensor is very accurate regarding humidity and temperature measurement whereas RF 433 hc12 processes high data rate, better range, and portability.This research involves a system, with low cost and high performance, to provide accurate measurement of humidity and temperature and then transmits the data to display in LCD screen.Â
Factors influencing Malaysian driversâ€™ tendency on underreporting
Authors: Sarah Nik Zamri Nik , Hasanah Zamzuri Zamira , Ibrahim Kamarulzaman
Published: July 2024

The reported accidents data on sites is essential to measure the effectiveness of any road safety policy. If an accident remains unreported, the vital information about the characteristics of the accident will be lost. The choice of appropriate safety measures may, in turn, be adversely affected by the loss of the data. This current study is aimed to determine the reasons for the underreporting of accidents in Malaysia. Random samples comprising 2000 individuals were interviewed in person and data on their demographic background and experience involved in accidents were recorded. Out of 1422 accidents, 662 accidents were recorded as unreported accidents. The findings indicate that in general, Malays aged between 60 and 69, living in rural area, who are single and are motorcyclists tend not to report the accidents.Â Â
Improvement of performance unitary refrigerant systems for hot climate in Baghdad city
Authors: Y. Abdul-Kareem Mazin , Abdul muttaleb Sadeq Luay , Saad Ismail Hisham
Published: July 2024

This research aims to improve work unitary refrigeration systems and decreasing of electric energy consumption in Baghdad city. The work presents study effect of adding the simple evaporative cooling system to the outdoor unit of refrigeration system under various climate conditions, the effect on cooling capacity and the electric current consumption at system. The outdoor air at condenser enter was cooled by the simple system and its effectiveness (43% to 50.4%). The results reveal that dry bulb temperature of air reduces (16% to 25.3%) at enter to the condenser and the rejected heat increases (empirical 43% to 59.8%) under various operating conditions. Indoor air conditions, dry bulb temperature of air at the inlet of evapo-rator reduces (41.3% to 44.4%) and the variation in refrigeration gas temperature in the evaporator is (46.6% to56%). This will increase cooling capacity in evaporator which increased (53.6% to 62%) at work presented conditions. The noticeable that using simple evaporative cooling system reduces the electrical current consumption by (22.5% to 25%) which reduce operating costs.Â Nomenclature:T: Temperature(ÂºC).Tref: Refrigeration gas temperature(ÂºC).RH: Relative humidity of air (%).h: Specific enthalpy of air (kJ/kg).I: Electric current (A).Qrej: Rejected heat of condenser (kW).Qc.c.: Cooling Capacity (kW).Â
Cloud data integrity checking methods: a survey
Authors: George Anju , Shajin Nargunam A.
Published: July 2024

Cloud computing is an internet- based computing which provides different services to its users on demand. The users can keep their data in the cloud server without maintaining a native copy. The integrity of the data outsourced can be ensured using various data integrity checking methods. This paper discusses the pros and cons of various techniques for checking data integrity, along with future directions to researchers. The major concern of the data integrity checking methods is the computational load of auditors.Â
An alternative method of hedge algebra-based controller for water level control system in a thermal power plant
Authors: Hong Quang Nguyen
Published: July 2024

The control structure of steam boiler system is one of the most complex systems where required with many control loops and multiple pa-rameters. It is necessary for the controller used for this system to ensure the efficiency of the steam, so the control approaches need to be improved regularly. While some controllers such as PID, Fuzzy logic control have been applied successfully, the Hedge Algebra algorithm is a soft-computing tool developed from fuzzy logic that can be applied and calculated effectively with high accuracy in the control aspect. The paper presents an application of the controller based on hedge algebra in the control of the water level for the thermal power plant. Sys-tem quality is assessed through simulation and comparison with the traditional PID controller.Â
Effects of yeastâ€™s weight and fermentation time to percent yield of bioethanol from peatland
Authors: Ahmad Roni Kiagus , Hastarina Merisha , Herawati Netty
Published: July 2024

Renewable energy development in Indonesia is one of the governmentâ€™s programs to reduce carbon dioxide emission and dependence to fossil fuel. Bioethanol is an alternative energy that can be developed to replace solar fuel. Peat is a source of bio-ethanol which is very potential because of its abundant source in Indonesia. This research investigated the lifecycle of bio-ethanol from peat, resulting in carbon dioxide emission reduction and energy net. Fermentation method was used to produce bio-ethanol from peat. In the fermentation, yeast was used and the fermentation temperature was from 200C to 400C. The products were analyzed by a gas chromatograph (GC). The results showed that at the 10th day, the bioethanol production was the highest. This research also concerns to the side effects of by-products from bioethanol production. The use of by-products may improve the environmental performance and bioethanol energy until 30-70%. This research showed that bioethanol (from peat) development in Indonesia is much better compared to other countries.Â Â Â
Dynamic and hybrid phase shift controller for dual active bridge converter
Authors: Narasimha S. , Surender Reddy S.
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a dynamic dual active bridge (DAB) converter and a hybrid phase shift control (HPSC) scheme for a (0.5-1) variation in the voltage conversion ratio. The proposed HPSC scheme is a combination of extended phase shift (EPS) and triple phase shift (TPS) modulations. It also provides a simple closed-form implementation for the primary and secondary-side phase-shift angles. During the light load operation of dynamic DAB converter, the TPS modulation is employed such that the practical zero voltage sequence operation can be extended to zero load. For heavy loads, the secondary-side phase-shift angle decreases to zero, hence the EPS modulation is applied. In this paper, the MATLAB Simulink software is used with an input voltage range of (200-400)V and then the output voltage wave forms are investigated for both EPS and TPS modulations for different operating modes of buck and boost operations.Â Â Â
The impact of using e-learning on the student's performance in 3rd developing countries: a pilot study
Authors: Al-yousef Ali , Aljaraideh Yousef , Obiedat Mamoon , Barakat Eyad , Habboush Ahmad
Published: July 2024

E-learning is one of the growing areas especially in the higher education. There are several advantages for using e-leaning in the student performance. In third developing countries such as Jordan, important steps were taken for adopting the e-learning system. This is done by providing students with technological and communicational skills as well as to making students more adaptive to the technology of contemporary societies. Several studies have been analysis the effect of the e-learning on the student performance and found that there is a tangible enhancement on the student performance and is considered as key element that positively affect the student motivations. Online courses at Jerash university like; computer skills accessed by students through electronic gate (Moodle).This study used SPSS to analysis the performance of 63 student (32 e-learning and 31 traditional learning).the study found that there are statistically significant differences between the two group in favor of experimental group.Â Â
Robust skin diseases detection and classification using deep neural networks
Authors: Albawi Saad , Amer Abbas Yasir , Almadany Yasser
Published: July 2024

Since from last decade, there is significant growth in the design of Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) Systems using image processing. There are different images processing steps on which the efficiency of such CAD systems relies such as image pre-processing, image segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. There are recent attempts by proposing novel algorithms in either of CAD model steps, however designing robust, useful and accurate CAD system for skin diseases' detection is still challenging research problem. In this paper, unique skin disease identification was proposed for three types of skin diseases such as Melanoma, Nevus, and Atypical. For pre-processing, an adaptive filtering method was designed to remove unwanted noisy areas from the input skin image. For segmentation, adaptive region growing technique was developed for efficient localization and region of interest (ROI) extraction of disease area. This segmentation adaptively selects the next region to grow for accurate lesion segmentation. For feature extraction, we exploited a hybrid feature extraction method composed of 2dimensions discrete wavelet transform (2D-DWT), geometric and texture features. The deep learning algorithm performs the classification. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) is used for the efficient prediction of skin disease. The experimental analysis is performed usingInternational Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) dataset. The proposed method can classification the skin diseases with accuracy of 96.768%. The results obtained showing that the proposed method outperformed the state-of-art techniques.Â
Use photogrammetry program to document the blue dome tower as a part of conservation requirement for the historical buildings in Kirkuk castle
Authors: Hasan H.Mohammed Ghadah , Muhammed Yunus Sumbul , Hasan Mohammed Omar
Published: July 2024

The heritage buildings are considered witnesses for city memory and its cultural legacy. Recently the attention increased concerning this legacy in accordance to informational revolution which the world observes in the field of computer technology and its role in all life fields. The computer role became clear to reserve Cultural heritage properties especially in the aspect of documentation and performance through three dimension type.Iraq is one of Middle East country which is rich of Cultural heritage treasure that extended to thousand years.Kirkuk is one of outstanding historical city, the most eminent rain is the ancient Kirkuk castle. It includes distinguished remains such as houses, the Blue Dome tower.These buildings subjected to collapses during the time periods for many different factors, so they are in sore need for documentation according to modern methods.The research pays attention to documental the blue dome mine rate which subjected to deterioration. To explain this we need acknowledge to trace the scientific and practical styles for documentation process concerning historical building by using photogrammetry program.The importance of the research appeared in necessity to find a conception about architectural documentation process use computer scientifically to get benefit of photogrammetry technology that employed to keep cultural heritage buildings. The research problem appeared at this respect ambiguity of using photogrammetry process ways to document ate cultural legacy as a part of keeping work generally and ascertainment of theological accuracy through the documentation and achievement of three dimensional photogrammetry of Blue Dome tower of Kirkuk castle in particular.The aim of the research showed 3 parts , first the study of historical and architectural features of Kirkuk Blue Dome tower and its classification as ancient historical building. Second study of the technology and its role in documentation of historical buildings. Third includes the practical application through fulfilling photogrammetry of Kirkuk Blue Dome tower, by using the instruments of software, hardware to accomplish the process. The last parts dedicated the analysis and discussion the consequences to define the final conclusions that presented to obtain coordinates of Kirkuk Blue Dome tower and its typicalization on three dimensions, keeping the information's and coordinates as documented main source and to preserve original characteristics for ancient buildings then to the new generation if they subjected to collapses.Â Â Â
Multi feature malignant weight-based mammogram classification with ANN using fuzzy rules
Authors: B Ramya , K. Arthi Dr.
Published: July 2024

Towards the development of disease prediction, detection and classification accuracy, the features of mammogram can be used to estimate the similarity. In this paper, we motivate to adapt the fuzzy logic with ANN to perform classification. With the motivation, a multi feature fuzzy logic analysis with ANN Based Mammogram Classification algorithm is presented. First, it is necessary to obtain the gray features of mammogram. The method considers the brightness of nodule, lobulation, granularity and nodule size. Using the features considered, the method generates the fuzzy rules. The artificial neural network has been generated with number of neurons where each layer of the neuron has been initialized with specific feature. At the testing phase, the input features have been used to estimate different weight measures using the fuzzy rule generated. The method estimates multi feature malignant weight (MFMW) using the fuzzy rules at each layer of the neurons. Finally, the classification is performed based on the value of MFMW.Â Â
Power transmission system midpoint voltage fixation using SVC with genetic tuned simple PID controller
Authors: Azeez Joodi Mohanad , Kasim Ibraheem Ibraheem , Mohammed Tuaimah Firas
Published: July 2024

Contingency in power system is widely used to predict the effect of outages in power systems, like failures of equipment, transmission line, etc. The transmission system voltage will be affected due to these contingencies. To stabilize its voltage, especially the midpoint voltage, the Static VAR Compensator (SVC) is one of the shunt connected devices, which can be utilized for voltage fixation in power systems. The dynamic equations for the Single-Machine-Infinite-Bus (SMIB) SVC model will be presented which is expressed in terms of linearized state-space equations. Then, with the aid of MATLAB, the plant of the system model will be given under various loading conditions, and four suggested scenarios have been proposed as contingencies in the power transmission system. The SVC will be controlled using a simple PID controller tuned through the Genetic algorithm, the results were promising, and the midpoint voltage step response has been enhanced.Â Â
A tactical multi-objective multi-product green supply chain planning optimization model
Authors: S. Al-Ashhab M. , A. Mlybari E
Published: July 2024

In this paper, a Multi-objective, multi-products, and multi-period green supply chain optimization model that consider some important economic and environmental risks and their associated impacts are developed using the lexicographic procedure. Managing the impacts of both side of economic and environmental risks, maximizing opportunitiesâ€™ impacts and minimizing threatsâ€™ impacts. Economic impacts include maximizing profit, maximizing the overall service level while minimizing the total cost, and the environmental impacts include minimizing energy consumption and minimizing CO2 emissions from transportation operations. The model considers transportation mode selection (Heavy or light trucks). The model efficacy has been proved through results discussion. Moreover, the effect of different allowable deviation on the objectives is discussed.Â Â