bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting axillary response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: the role of diffusion weighted imaging
Authors: Graña-López Lucia , Pérez-Ramos Tania , Maciñeira Fiz Andrés , Villares Ángeles , Vázquez-Caruncho Manuel
Published: November 2021

Objective:

The aim of this study is to investigate whether the primary tumour response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), based on the increase in the ADC-values (apparent diffusion coefficient) within the breast lesion, could help to predict axillary complete response.

Methods:

We retrospectively included 74 patients who were treated with NAC followed by surgery at Lucus Augusti Hospital between January 2015 and September 2020. Simple logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with axillary pathological complete response, including the changes in breast tumour ADC-values due to the treatment.

Results:

Axillary complete response was correlated with negative oestrogen receptor status, Her2 positivity and response of primary tumour. It was achieved in 31% of the patients. In addition, the increase in the tumour ADC-values with NAC was higher for responders. Among the tumours that demonstrated an increase in ADC-value >0.92 ×10−3 mm2/s, 42.8% (15/35) showed axillary complete response. Eight (20.5%) breast cancers with an increase in ADC below the cut-off value were found to have no metastatic nodes after treatment (p = 0.038).

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that the performance of models predicting axillary response to NAC can be improved by adding the tumour response determined also using diffusion-weighted imaging.

Advances in knowledge:

For the fist time, we investigate the relation between tumour response to NAC, assessed using diffusion-weighted imaging, and axillary pathologic complete response.
Exploring the links between the ZDHHC9 gene and intellectual disability
Authors: Κούσκου Μαριάννα
Published: November 2021

Η πρωτεϊνική παλμιτοϋλίωση (επίσης γνωστή ως S-ακυλίωση) είναι μια ευρέως διαδεδομένη μετα-μεταφραστική τροποποίηση που ρυθμίζει την κυκλοφορία και τη λειτουργία μιας ευρείας γκάμας πρωτεϊνών. Αυτή η τροποποίηση καταλύεται από μια οικογένεια είκοσι τριών zDHHC ενζύμων που παρουσιάζουν τόσο ειδικές όσο και επικαλυπτόμενες αλληλεπιδράσεις υποστρώματος. Μεταλλάξεις στο γονίδιο που κωδικοποιεί το ένζυμο zDHHC9 προκαλούν ήπια έως μέτρια νοητική υστέρηση, επιληπτικές κρίσεις, γλωσσικές διαταραχές και διαταραχές λόγου, υποπλασία του μεσολοβίου και μειωμένο όγκο υποφλοιωδών δομών. Σε αυτή τη διατριβή, συμπεριφορική φαινοτύπηση, μαγνητική τομογραφία (MRI), απομόνωση S-ακυλιωμένων πρωτεϊνών και μεταβολομική διεξήχθη για τη διερεύνηση της επίδρασης της απενεργοποίησης (ΚΟ) του γονιδίου Zdhhc9 σε ποντίκια με γενετικό υπόβαθρο C57BL/6. Ως πρώτο βήμα, αλυσιδωτή αντίδραση πολυμεράσης (PCR) τελικού σημείου και ποσοτική αλυσιδωτή αντίδραση πολυμεράσης χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για να επιβεβαιωθεί η απουσία έκφρασης του Zdhhc9. Είναι ενδιαφέρον ότι αν και τα μεταλλαγμένα ποντίκια είχαν απουσία έκφρασης του mRNA που κωδικοποιεί πλήρους μήκους zDHHC9, τα ποντίκια εξέφρασαν μειωμένα επίπεδα ενός βραχύτερου Zdhhc9 μεταγράφου. Ωστόσο, η ανάλυση ανοσοστύπωσης έδειξε ότι αυτό το βραχύτερο θραύσμα mRNA δεν οδήγησε σε έκφραση μιας σταθερής κολοβωμένης μορφής zDHHC9 και επιβεβαίωσε περαιτέρω την απώλεια έκφρασης του zDHHC9. Έτσι, το συγκεκριμένο μοντέλο ποντικιού φαίνεται να είναι πραγματικό νοκ-άουτ (ΚΟ). Τα αρσενικά ποντίκια Zdhhc9 KO παρουσιάζουν μια σειρά από ανωμαλίες σε σύγκριση με τα άγριου τύπου ποντίκια-συγγενείς τους: διαταραχές στη συμπεριφορά στη Δοκιμή ανοιχτού πεδίου, ανυψωμένου λαβύρινθου και στη δοκιμή ακουστικού ξαφνιάσματος που συνάδει με μειωμένα επίπεδα άγχους, μειωμένο χρόνο ανάρτησης στη δοκιμή ανάρτησης σε σύρμα που υποδηλώνει υποκείμενη υποτονία, αλλά η οποία μπορεί επίσης να συνδέεται με μειωμένο άγχος, ανωμαλία στο τεστ υδάτινου λαβύρινθου Morris για τη χωρική μάθηση και μνήμη που εξαρτάται από τον ιππόκαμπο και 36% μείωση του όγκου του μεσολοβίου που αποκαλύφθηκε με μαγνητική τομογραφία. Παραδόξως, η παλμιτοϋλίωση πολλών σημαντικών προ- και μετασυναπτικών πρωτεϊνών δεν διαταράχθηκε είτε σε ολόκληρο τον εγκέφαλο είτε στον ιππόκαμπο ποντικών Zdhhc9 KO, συμπεριλαμβανομένου του H-Ras που προηγουμένως είχε προταθεί ως βασικό υπόστρωμα του zDHHC9. Αυτό υποδηλώνει ότι άλλα μη αναγνωρισμένα υποστρώματα του zDHHC9 συνδέονται με τις παρατηρούμενες αλλαγές. Το μεταβολομικό προφίλ προσδιόρισε τα μονοπάτια του μεταβολισμού της τρυπτοφάνης και της βιοσύνθεσης φαινυλαλανίνης, τυροσίνης και τρυπτοφάνης ως σημαντικά απορυθμισμένα στα Zdhhc9 KO ποντίκια. Συνολικά, αυτή η μελέτη αναδεικνύει έναν βασικό ρόλο για το zDHHC9 στην ανάπτυξη του εγκεφάλου και τη συμπεριφορά και υποστηρίζει τη χρησιμότητα του μοντέλου ποντικιού Zdhhc9 KO για να διερευνηθούν μοριακές και κυτταρικές αλλαγές που συνδέονται με τη νοητική υστέρηση και άλλες διαταραχές στον ανθρώπινο πληθυσμό.
Engineering modelling of the progressive retreat of cliffs
Authors: Βούλγαρη Χρυσούλα
Published: November 2021

Στην παρούσα διπλωματική, διερευνάται η μορφολογική εξέλιξη ομοιόμορφων (c, φ) πρανών που υπόκεινται σε διαδοχικές αστοχίες. Η έρευνα διεξάγεται σε δύο μέρη: το αναλυτικό μέρος (με χρήση της μεθόδου οριακής ανάλυσης άνω ορίου) και το πειραματικό (με δοκιμές σε μοντέλα προσομοίωσης μικρής κλίμακας). Παρουσιάζεται ένα πειραματικό πρωτότυπο μοντέλο για τη μελέτη της επίδρασης της διείσδυσης νερού στη μορφολογική εξέλιξη των φυσικών πρανών που υπόκεινται σε διαδοχικές αστοχίες. Σχεδιάστηκε μια αλληλουχία εργαστηριακών δοκιμών μικρής κλίμακας για την προσομοίωση και διερεύνηση των διαδοχικών αστοχιών στο εργαστήριο. Οι αστοχίες επιτυγχάνονται μέσω μιας συσκευής που κατασκευάστηκε για να προσοιμοιάζει βροχόπτωση. Η υγρασία και η μύζηση του εδάφους κατά τη διάρκεια των δοκιμών παρακολουθόυνται από ειδικούς αισθητήρες που έχουν τοποθετηθει μέσα στο πρανές κατά την κατασκευή του μοντέλου. Επίσης, έχουν τοποθετηθεί κάμερες υψηλής ανάλυσης που καταγράφουν τη συμπεριφορά του μοντέλου του πρανούς και χρησιμοποιείται GeoPIV για την ανάλυση των φωτογραφιών ώστε να μετρηθούν οι μετακινήσεις και παραμορφώσεις κατά τη διάρκεια κάθε δοκιμής. Κατά τη δοκιμή και μετά από σύντομο χρονικό διάστημα βροχόπτωσης, εμφανίζονται κατακόρυφες ρωγμές στο μοντέλο, οι οποίες οδηγούν σε σημαντικές κατακόρυφες παραμορφώσεις μέχρι την πλήρη αστοχία. Τα πειραματικά αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι υπάρχει ισχυρή σύνδεση μεταξύ της περιεκτικότητας σε υγρασία και της εμφάνισης κατολίσθησης. Αναπτύσσεται ένα μοντέλο πρόβλεψης αστοχιών σε πρανή με βάση την παρατηρούμενη απόκριση των μοντέλων σε σχέση με την υγρασία του εδάφους. Στο αναλυτικό μέρος, παρουσιάζεται ένα ημιαναλυτικό μοντέλο για την εξέλιξη της μορφολογίας των πρανών με ή χωρίς ρωγμές. Αναπτύσσεται μια γενική αναλυτική λύση για το αξιολόγηση της ευστάθειας ομοιογενών πρανών που υπακούουν στο κριτήριο Mohr-Coulomb. Πραγματοποιείται παραμετρική ανάλυση για την αξιολόγηση της επίδρασης της μείωσης της αντοχής του εδαφικού υλικού με το χρόνο, της σεισμική δράση, του σχηματισμού ρωγμών και της ύπαρξης νερού στην εξέλιξη του πρανούς. Για την επίδραση του σεισμικού φορτιόυ γίνεται χρήση ψευδοστατικής προσέγγισης και για την επίδραση του νερού, ο συντελεστής πίεσης πόρων ru. Τέλος, παρουσιάζονται διαγράμματα ευστάθειας για τον υπολογισμό και πρόβλεψη αστοχιών σε πρανή για ένα εύρος τιμών γωνίας διατμητικής αντοχής (φ) μηχανικού ενδιαφέροντος.
Effects of sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors on stroke development in Lebanese patients with atrial fibrillation: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Malaeb Diana , Hallit Souheil , Dia Nada , Cherri Sarah , Maatouk Imad , Nawas George , Salameh Pascale , Hosseini Hassan
Published: November 2021

Background: Non-communicable diseases, the major cause of death and disability, are susceptible to modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases the risk of stroke by 4 to 5 times and can lead to cardiovascular mortality. This study was conducted to assess the effects of different sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors on stroke development in patients with AF.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2018 on patients recruited from Lebanese community pharmacies. The CHA2DS2-VASc scoring system is utilized as a stroke risk stratification tool in AF patients. Participants with a previous physician diagnosis of AF, documented on medical records, were included in this study. Data was collected through a survey that was distributed to all eligible patients.

Results: A total of 524 patients were enrolled in the study with a mean age (± SD) of 58.75 ± 13.59 years with hypertension (78.4%) being the most predominant disease. The results showed that obesity (Beta=0.61, p-value =0.011), retirement and unemployment compared to employment (Beta=1.44 and 1.44, p-value=0.001 respectively), divorced/widow compared to married (Beta=1.38, p-value =0.001) were significantly associated with higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores whereas high versus low socio-economic status (Beta=-1.03, p=0.009) and high school education versus primary education level (Beta=-0.49, p-value=0.025) were significantly associated with lower CHA2DS2-VASc scores.

Conclusions: The study highlights that the CHA2DS2-VASc score is affected by the presence of various sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics in patients with AF. Thus, screening for those factors may predict the progression of cardiovascular disease and may provide an optimal intervention.
EMI radiation of power transmission lines in Malaysia
Authors: Fikry Azhan , Lim Siow Chun , Ab Kadir Mohd Zainal Abidin
Published: November 2021

Background: There has been rising concern amongst the public regarding their home's proximity to high tension power transmission lines. The primary cause of fear is the impact of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) radiation on the nearby occupants' health. Despite the presence of national permissible limits of EMI radiation, there is still lack of information with regards to the EMI radiation of the types of power lines configuration in Malaysia.

Methods: The electric and magnetic fields of several selected power transmission lines were simulated using the EMFACDC software program from the recommendation ITU-T K.90. Five types of power transmission lines available in Malaysia are considered.

Results: It was found that the simulated electric and magnetic field levels at all the power lines' right of way (ROW) boundary complies with the prescribed exposure limit. However, the electromagnetic fields (EMF) level increases significantly as the separation distance is reduced from 30m. For a more conservative approach, the ROW can be set at 30m across all transmission voltage level and corridor area condition.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that Malaysia's power transmission lines are within the prescribed exposure limits. To further minimize the electric and magnetic field level, it is recommended that the residential building should be built at least 30 meters away from the power transmission lines, especially for the 275kV double circuit, 275/132kV quadruple circuit, and 500kV double circuit lines.
The Ideal Diet for Humans to Sustainably Feed The Growing Population – Review, Meta-Analyses, and Policies for Change
Authors: Goldfarb Galit , Sela Yaron
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION: As of now, no study has combined research from different sciences to determine the most suitable diet for humans. This issue is urgent due to the predicted population growth, the effect of this on the environment, and the deterioration of human health and associated costs. METHODS: A literature review determined whether an optimal diet for humans exists and what such a diet is, followed by six meta-analyses. The standard criteria for conducting meta-analyses of observational studies were followed. A review of literature reporting Hazard Ratios with a 95% confidence interval for red meat intake, dairy intake, plant-based diet, fiber intake, and serum IGF-1 levels were extracted to calculate effect sizes. RESULTS: Results calculated using NCSS software show that high meat consumption increases mortality probability by 18% on average and increases diabetes risk by 50%. Plant-based and high-fiber diets decrease mortality by 15% and 20% respectively (p < .001). Plant-based diets decreased diabetes risk by 27%, and dairy consumption (measured by increased IGF-1 levels) increased cancer probability by 48% (p < 0.01). A vegetarian or Mediterranean diet was not found to decrease the probability of heart disease. A vegetarian diet can be healthy or not, depending on the foods consumed. A Mediterranean diet with high quantities of meat and dairy products will not produce the health effects desired. The main limitations of the study were that observational studies were heterogeneous and limited by potential confounders. DISCUSSION: The literature and meta-analyses point to an optimal diet for humans that has followed our species from the beginnings of humankind. The optimal diet is a whole food, high fiber, low-fat, 90+% plant-based diet. This diet allowed humans to become the most developed species on Earth. To ensure people’s nutritional needs are met healthily and sustainably, governmental dietary interventions are necessary.
A genome-wide association study of childhood adiposity and blood lipids
Authors: O'Nunain Katie , Sanderson Eleanor , Holmes Michael V , Davey Smith George , Richardson Tom G
Published: November 2021

Background: The rising prevalence of childhood obesity and dyslipidaemia is a major public health concern due to its association with morbidity and mortality in later life.

Methods: In this study, we have conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for eight measures of adiposity and lipids in a cohort of young individuals (mean age 9.9) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). These measures were body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high- density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein B. We next undertook functional enrichment, pathway analyses and linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression to evaluate genetic correlations with later-life cardiometabolic diseases.

Results: Using GWAS we identified 14 unique loci associated with at least one risk factor in this cohort of age 10 individuals (P<5x10-8), with lipoprotein lipid-associated loci being enriched for liver tissue-derived gene expression and lipid synthesis pathways. LD score regression provided evidence of various genetic correlations, such as childhood systolic blood pressure being genetically correlated with later-life coronary artery disease (rG=0.26, 95% CI=0.07 to 0.46, P=0.009) and hypertension (rG=0.37, 95% CI=0.19 to 0.55, P=6.57x10-5), as well as childhood BMI with type 2 diabetes (rG=0.35, 95% CI=0.18 to 0.51, P=3.28x10-5).

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that there are genetic variants inherited at birth which begin to exert their effects on cardiometabolic risk factors as early as age 10 in the life course. However, further research is required to assess whether the genetic correlations we have identified are due to direct or indirect effects of childhood adiposity and lipid traits.
Impact of COVID-19 on non-COVID intensive care unit service utilization, case mix and outcomes: A registry-based analysis from India
Authors:   Indian Registry of IntenSive care (IRIS), KJ Adhikari Neill , Beane Abi , Devaprasad Dedeepiya , Fowler Robert , Haniffa Rashan , James Augustian , Jayakumar Devachandran , Kodippily Chamira , Aravindakshan Kooloth Rohit , Laxmappa Rakesh , Mangal Kishore , Mani Ashwin , Mathew Meghena , Pari Vrindha , Patodia Sristi , Pattnaik Rajyabardhan , Priyadarshini Dilanthi , Pulicken Mathew , Rabindrarajan Ebenezer , Ramachandran Pratheema , Ramesh Kavita , Rani Usha , Ramaiyan Ananth , Ramakrishnan Nagarajan , Ranganathan Lakshmi , Rashan Aasiyah , Dominic Savio Raymond , Selva Jaganathan , Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan Bharath Kumar , Tripathy Swagata , Udayanga Ishara , Venkataraman Ramesh
Published: November 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been responsible for over 3.4 million deaths globally and over 25 million cases in India. As part of the response, India imposed a nation-wide lockdown and prioritized COVID-19 care in hospitals and intensive care units (ICUs). Leveraging data from the Indian Registry of IntenSive care, we sought to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on critical care service utilization, case-mix, and clinical outcomes in non-COVID ICUs. 

Methods: We included all consecutive patients admitted between 1 st October 2019 and 27 th September 2020. Data were extracted from the registry database and included patients admitted to the non-COVID or general ICUs at each of the sites. Outcomes included measures of resource-availability, utilisation, case-mix, acuity, and demand for ICU beds. We used a Mann-Whitney test to compare the pre-pandemic period (October 2019 - February 2020) to the pandemic period (March-September 2020). In addition, we also compared the period of intense lockdown (March-May 31 st 2020) with the pre-pandemic period.

Results: There were 3424 patient encounters in the pre-pandemic period and 3524 encounters in the pandemic period. Comparing these periods, weekly admissions declined (median [Q1 Q3] 160 [145,168] to 113 [98.5,134]; p<0.001); unit turnover declined (median [Q1 Q3] 12.1 [11.32,13] to 8.58 [7.24,10], p<0.001), and APACHE II score increased (median [Q1 Q3] 19 [19,20] to 21 [20,22] ; p<0.001). Unadjusted ICU mortality increased (9.3% to 11.7%, p=0.015) and the length of ICU stay was similar (median [Q1 Q3] 2.11 [2, 2] vs. 2.24 [2, 3] days; p=0.151).

Conclusion: Our registry-based analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on non-COVID critical care demonstrates significant disruptions to healthcare utilization during the pandemic and an increase in the severity of illness.
The genome sequence of the heath fritillary, Melitaea athalia (Rottemburg, 1775)
Authors: Hayward Alex , Vila Roger , Laetsch Dominik R. , Lohse Konrad , Baril Tobias ,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: November 2021

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Melitaea athalia (also known as Mellicta athalia; the heath fritillary; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae). The genome sequence is 610 megabases in span. In total, 99.98% of the assembly is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the W and Z sex chromosome assembled. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl has identified 12,824 protein coding genes.
The genetic and epigenetic profile of serum S100β in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 and its relationship to Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: A Gadd Danni , I McGeachan Robert , F Hillary Robert , L McCartney Daniel , E Harris Sarah , A Sherwood Roy , Abbott N Joan , R Cox Simon , E Marioni Riccardo
Published: November 2021

Background: Circulating S100 calcium-binding protein (S100β) is a marker of brain inflammation that has been associated with a range of neurological conditions. To provide insight into the molecular regulation of S100β and its potential causal associations with Alzheimer’s disease, we carried out genome- and epigenome-wide association studies (GWAS/EWAS) of serum S100β levels in older adults and performed Mendelian randomisation with Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods: GWAS (N=769, mean age 72.5 years, sd = 0.7) and EWAS (N=722, mean age 72.5 years, sd = 0.7) of S100β levels were performed in participants from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Conditional and joint analysis (COJO) was used to identify independent loci. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses were performed for lead loci that had genome-wide significant associations with S100β. Bidirectional, two-sample Mendelian randomisation was used to test for causal associations between S100β and Alzheimer’s disease. Colocalisation between S100β and Alzheimer’s disease GWAS loci was also examined.

Results: We identified 154 SNPs from chromosome 21 that associated (P<5x10-8) with S100β protein levels. The lead variant was located in the S100β gene (rs8128872, P=5.0x10-17). We found evidence that two independent causal variants existed for both transcription of S100β and S100β protein levels in our eQTL analyses. No CpG sites were associated with S100β levels at the epigenome-wide significant level (P<3.6x10-8); the lead probe was cg06833709 (P=5.8x10-6), which mapped to the LGI1 gene. There was no evidence of a causal association between S100β levels and Alzheimer’s disease or vice versa and no evidence for colocalisation between S100β and Alzheimer’s disease loci.

Conclusions: These data provide insight into the molecular regulators of S100β levels. This context may aid in understanding the role of S100β in brain inflammation and neurological disease.
КУЛЬТУРНО МАРКИРОВАННЫЕ НАЦИОНАЛЬНО-СПЕЦИФИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ ПОБУЖДЕНИЯ В БРИТАНСКОМ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ
Authors: Kaufova Inessa B. , Kaufova Lola A.
Published: November 2021

Цель. Авторы ставят целью установление прямых и косвенных средств реализации побудительных речевых актов в современной англоязычной политической коммуникации с учетом присущих ей культурно маркированных национально-специфических средств.
Метод и методология исследования. Основными методами исследования данной работы являются лингвистический, описательный и логико-семантический.
Результаты. Категория побудительности в британском политическом дискурсе имеет ярко выраженные культурно маркированные национально-специфические черты и эксплицитно и имплицитно выражается в разнообразных формах, как лексико-грамматическими, так и синтаксическими средствами. К лексико-грамматическим культурно маркированным национально-специфическим средствам британского политического дискурса можно отнести модальные глаголы, перформативные глаголы с семантикой волеизъявления, наречия со значением необходимого, безотлагательного действия, а также сослагательное наклонение. Синтаксические средства большей частью имплицируются с помощью условных предложений.
Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в области политической лингвистики, культурологи и риторики.
СИСТЕМНО-КОММУНИКАТИВНЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПРАКТИК МОБИЛИЗАЦИИ В СООБЩЕСТВАХ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ СЕТЕЙ РОССИИ: ПРЕДМЕТНОЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ
Authors: Rebrina Larisa N. , Milovanova Marina V.
Published: November 2021

Цель. Статья посвящена изучению предметного измерения конфликтной мобилизации в сообществах социальных сетей России как одной из системно-коммуникативных характеристик протестной коммуникации.
Метод или методология проведения работы. Методология работы базируется на научных тезисах об обусловленности эффективности мобилизации адресностью воздействия; о протесте как коммуникативной системе со своими пространственно-временными, предметными, коллективно-личностными измерениями, сопряженности технологических и социокультурных изменений, привнесении в ходе медиатизации политики функций СМИ в протестные практики; институциализации конфликта в протестных коммуникативных практиках; о параметрах успешности конфликтной коммуникации (концепция «принципиальных переговоров» Р. Фишера и У. Юрии).
Результаты. Определены закономерности проблематизации социальной реальности в рамках коммуникативных практик конфликтной мобилизации в сообществах социальных сетей России.
Область применения результатов. Результаты могут найти применение в социальной сфере, выполняя иллюстративную и рекомендательную функции для специалистов, занимающихся конфликтными социумами, протестным поведением, в частности для оптимизации коммуникации в конфликтных ситуациях.
ПРОТЕСТНАЯ МОБИЛИЗАЦИЯ В СООБЩЕСТВАХ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ СЕТЕЙ ГЕРМАНИИ: ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННО–ВРЕМЕННОЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ (ДИСКУРСИВНАЯ И ЖАНРОВАЯ СПЕЦИФИКА)
Authors: Generalova Larisa M.
Published: November 2021

Цель. В статье изложены результаты анализа пространственно-временного измерения конфликтной мобилизации как современной практики протестной коммуникации всообществах социальных сетей.Дана характеристика интерактивному инструментарию сообществ конфликтной мобилизации и взаимосвязи между различными вероятными параметрами сообществ. Описано дискурсивное пространство сообществ конфликтной мобилизации, делается вывод о преобладании событийно-ориентированной манеры общения; асихронности жанра; самореферентности социальных сетей; классификации сообществ по авторскому составу, исходя из мультимедийной составляющей, тематике содержания, общих показателях социальных сетей, таких как выражение собственной позиции по декларируемому событию, фактичность, аргументированность, интенциональность.
Метод или методология проведения работы. Эмпирический материал был отобран методом сплошной выборки на официальных платформах социальных сетей. Методы исследования включают в себя общенаучные методы анализа и синтеза, интерпретативный метод, контент-анализ, стилистический метод, применяемый для анализа фрагментов сообществ конфликтной мобилизации.
Результаты. Рассмотрены жанровые параметры конфликтной мобилизации в социальных сетях, детерминирована корреляция между предметом выступления и толкованием изложенных фактов, описана двухуровневая система построения социальных сетей и характер ее публикационного содержания. Показывается, что дискурсивное многообразие платформы социальных сетей обусловлено сложностью внутренних коммуникационных процессов, а также многочисленными дискурсивными признаками соцсетей как продукта интернет-коммуникации.
Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в базовом курсе прикладной лингвистики, лингвокультурологии и социолингвистике.
СОЦИАЛЬНО-ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ В СИСТЕМЕ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ПОЖИЛЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ В ГЕРМАНИИ
Authors: Vysotskaya Inna V. , Yovanovich Tamara G. , Toporkova Olga V. , Lazareva Olga V.
Published: November 2021

В данной статье анализируется концепция деятельности социально-общественных организаций в системе дополнительного образования пожилых людей Германии. Авторы подчеркивают важность освоения новой парадигмы философского осмысления зарубежного опыта организации и функционирования дополнительного образования с целью внедрения в российское образование успешных технологий обучения с учетом собственного потенциала и традиций. В качестве методологии исследования использовался метод теоретического сравнительного анализа, интерпретации, синтеза полученных данных. Авторы отмечают особую значимость образования для людей старшего возраста с целью поддержки личностного и профессионального развития, сохранения активной жизненной позиции и привлечения пожилых людей к участию в социально-общественной деятельности.
При проведении данного исследования осмысление темы образования людей третьего возраста рассматривалось с социально-философской позиции. По мнению авторов статьи, проблема образования пожилых людей, безусловно, тесно связан с социологией и философией, поскольку для разработки концепции обучения людей третьего возраста необходим анализ ряда социальных и философских проблем. Наше исследование потребовало обращения к философским идеям с точки зрения позитивизма и рассмотрения образования пожилых людей как совокупности теории, практики и социальных реалий. Социальная философия занимает особое место в поиске новых методологических парадигм, а также вносит определенный вклад в разработку концептуальных основ построения процесса образования людей пенсионного возраста в современном обществе.
Moral and Ethical Problems of Public Service Development
Authors: Il'chenko E. , Gorina O.
Published: November 2021

The civil service is a structural entity endowed with a certain amount of competence and authority necessary for the implementation of the tasks assigned to it. An analysis of the effectiveness of the public administration sector indicates a clear relationship between the activities of civil servants and the performance of government bodies. The quality of the work of the authorities has a significant impact on the effectiveness of the implementation of government programs. Modern conditions for reforming the civil service require civil servants to have such qualities as: education, upbringing of civil servants, their professionalism, driving motives for entering and passing the civil service. It becomes obvious that the lack of these qualities among civil servants reduces the effectiveness of the implementation of government initiatives. The article presents the results of research on the moral and ethical problems of the development of the state civil service at the level of the country and a separate region.
Analysis of Bachelor’s Theses in Personnel Management: a Methodological Approach
Authors: Glukhenkaya N. , Aristova A.
Published: November 2021

The authors have published a number of scientific articles devoted to the quality of research of personnel management systems (HRMS) in bachelor's theses. In this article, the authors used the methodological scientific approach in the study of final qualification works (WQP) of bachelor students of the Department of Personnel Management and Psychology of the Ural Federal University (UrFU). The methodological scientific approach is based on a quantitative analysis of the application of the following components of the research methodology: theoretical sources, scientific approaches, principles and methods. In the presented work, the purpose of the study is highlighted, which consists in the qualitative and quantitative application of the main components of the methodology for the study of EMS. In the work, the authors applied research methods: the case-method of bachelor's theses, the classification method in the form of tables. One of the tables presents the concept of "research" by leading experts in the study of control systems and one of the authors of this article. The following table summarizes the results of the study. The study also revealed that most often graduates choose the direction of "staff labor motivation" and "personnel training and development" in the organization for research and improvement of the EMS. According to the results of the study of the FQP of diploma students, there are conclusions, on the basis of which the authors of the article have developed recommendations for students and teachers to improve the writing of thesis on personnel management for bachelors.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF LOW VELOCITY IMPACT NEAR THE BVID LIMIT ON CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER PANELS
Authors: SEAMONE ANDREW , WAAS ANTHONY M. , DAVIDSON PAUL , RANATUNGA VIPUL
Published: November 2021

As carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix panels (CFRP) are increasingly being used in aircraft due to their advantages in strength and weight, it is necessary to understand their durability. In this study, a detailed analysis of critical events during low velocity impact (LVI) will be presented as well as initial compression after impact (CAI) results. Two CFRP layups of 16 and 24 plies are impacted with varying impact energies below and near the barely visible impact damage (BVID) limit. The panels are subsequently compressed in the transverse direction in order to quantify the strength knockdown from pristine panels to damaged ones. The sequence of failure initiation, delamination initiation, and subsequent delamination pattern was identified. The sequence is critical to predictive modeling of failure and failure progression of CFRP composites.
DEEP LEARNING FOR TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION OF TRIPLY PERIODIC MINIMAL SURFACE BASED GYROID-LIKE STRUCTURES
Authors: VISWANATH ASHA , MODREK MOHAMAD , KHAN KAMRAN A. , AL-RUB RASHID K. ABU
Published: November 2021

Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) are non-intersecting complex geometrical surfaces that can be used in unit cell design of cellular structures. TPMS possess attractive properties like large surface area to volume ratio and mathematically controlled geometry which find them applications in catalytic converters, cocontinuous composites, thermal and permeability management, to name a few. The advent of additive manufacturing eased the manufacture of these structures which were previously challenging with traditional methods of manufacturing. Design of TPMS unit-cell based materials involves topology optimization to achieve the desired physical properties depending on the specific application of the structure. Topology optimization, in turn, involves the objective function evaluations for each iteration till converging to an optimal design and this may pose a computational burden when the function evaluations are time consuming finite element or computational fluid simulations. This can be alleviated by employing machine learning based methods for the optimization process. Deep learning using convolutional neural networks (CNN) have effectively been used for prediction of optimal topologies required for desired properties thus eliminating any objective function evaluations. In this paper, we explore the use of 3D CNN models for topology optimization of a TPMS based unit cell. The Solid Isotropic Material Penalization density method in topology optimization is employed on energy based homogenized unit cell properties. The unit cell that is obtained satisfying a desired mechanical property along with their topology parameters is then learnt to build a CNN model which can then be used to predict the optimal unit cell design for any topology parameters. The class of TPMS used in this work is Gyroids. The CNN model is tested for errors in prediction using mean square error metric and dice coefficient of the 2D slices of unit cell. The results indicate that the model can predict the ground truth accurately with few data points. This showed a promising approach in the area of TPMS based unit cell design using CNN.
ENHANCING SINGLE-LAP COMPOSITE JOINTS LIFE ESTIMATION BY GRAPHENE ADDITION: AN HYBRID APPROACH ANALYSIS
Authors: REIS MILVIA O. , MAPA LIDIANNE DE P. P. , LEÃO UCHILLA G. , XIMENES, THAIANE O. T. , MONTEIRO ELVIS C. , AVILA ANTONIO F.
Published: November 2021

The hybrid formulation based on experimental data and the finite element procedure seems to be able to predict crack initiation under fatigue conditions for single lap joints aged by UV exposure. The UV exposure decreased stiffness and strength. The addition of graphene seems to postpone such ageing. However, by considering that cracks initiates when the (TS/σVM)~1. “Soft” adhesives can reach longer fatigue life at low loadings, while “stiff” adhesives have its fatigue life drastically decreased but at higher loadings. Stiff adhesives are more suitable for low cycle fatigue conditions, while for high cycle fatigue the option is a soft adhesive.
PARAMETERIZATION OF REAXFF POTENTIAL OF MG/AL/SI/O INTERACTION AND INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FOR S-GLASS
Authors: YEON JEJOON , CHOWDHURY SANJIB C. , DAKSHA CHAITANYA M. , BELMONTE DONATO , DUIN ADRI VAN , GILLESPIE, JR. JOHN W.
Published: November 2021

New ReaxFF parameters are developed for the description of Mg/Al/Si/O interaction for the Magnesium Aluminosilicate (MAS) glass structure. The training set contains energy curves from equation of state for various Mg/Al/Si/O crystals, valence angle and bond distance scan, and heat of formation for the Mg/Al/Si/O interactions. A semi-automated Genetic Algorithm assisted by Artificial Neural Network is applied for this parametrization. Validation efforts showed the current ReaxFF parameter set can describe the atomistic structure and property of tectosilicate MAS glass including S-glass. Estimated quasi-static modulus of S-glass structure matches well with experimental value. Analysis shows the key of high modulus of S-glass is numerous Mg-BO (Bridge Oxygen) interactions across the Mg-O-AlSi structure. In addition, atomistic origin of high ductility and progressive failure of S-glass is derived from the reconstruction of the atomic structure, forming Mg-BO-Si interactions that delays fracture formation.
EFFECTS OF STRAIN RATE, TRANSVERSE PRESSURE AND FIBER SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON TRACTION LAWS OF GLASS FIBER EPOXY INTERPHASES
Authors: CHOWDHURY SANJIB C. , HEMPHILL MICHAEL , KUBOTA MUNETAKA , GILLESPIE, JR. JOHN W.
Published: November 2021

In this study, molecular dynamic simulations (MD) are used to study the effects of strain rate, and transverse pressure (i.e. residual stress and impact loading) on the traction separation response of a glass fiber epoxy interphase where the fiber has nanoscale surface roughness. The interphase model is prepared with and without monolayer glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane (GPS). The glass fiber surface roughness profile is created from a surface map measured experimentally using atomic force microscopy (AFM). To develop the atomistic interphase model, first we deposit GPS molecules (in case of interphase with silane) on the silica (fiber) surface and react them with the silica surface through a condensation reaction. A mixture of Epon828-Jeffamine® D-230 is then placed on the silica surface and equilibrated using the general AMBER force field. The interphase structure is finally created through the epoxide-amine curing reaction among the epoxy, silane and amine using a cross-linking algorithm. The model is then subjected to Mode-I and Mode-II loading with the reactive force field ReaxFF to predict the interphase traction-separation responses and failure loci within the interphase. To investigate the effects of strain rate and transverse pressure (in case of Mode-II), interphase loading is carried out at 109/s to 1011/s strain rates and 1 atm to 4 GPa pressure that is applied normal to the fiber surface. Simulation results suggest that the Mode-II interphase traction-separation response improves with the increase in strain rate and transverse pressure. Strain-rate and pressure dependent MD traction data can be used to bridge length scales as input into micromechanics and meso-scale models.
A CASE STUDY OF BIOCOMPOSITE MATERIAL USE IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS
Authors: WALCZYK DANIEL , BUCINELL RONALD , FLEISHMAN STEVEN , JOSHI SHARMAD
Published: November 2021

Interest in biocomposites is growing worldwide as companies that manufacture high-performance products seek out more sustainable material options. Although there is significant research on biocomposite material options and processing found in the literature from at least the last two decades, there are few experimentally based case studies published to help guide product designers and engineers when considering these materials. This paper discusses the use of biocomposites in the seat of an electric bus. Although it is clear that biocomposite material options are quite limited, the authors eventually settled on three natural reinforcements (cellulose, hemp, flax), two epoxies (one low and the other high viscosity) with high biobased carbon content, and one flax precoated with bioepoxy for consideration. Laminate plates with a 4mm nominal thickness are manufactured using VARTM (low viscosity epoxy only), hand layup as a surrogate for prepregging (high viscosity epoxy only), compression molding, and an out-of-autoclave process called the Pressure Focusing Layer (PFL) method. Permeability of the three reinforcements infused with the high viscosity epoxy and fiber volume fractions are determined experimentally to provide insight into VARTM processing and mechanical performance. The tensile modulus, maximum tensile stress, flexural modulus, and maximum flexural stress are measured for all combinations of reinforcement, resin, and processing using tension testing and three-point bending based on ASTM standards. Basic conclusions are drawn about the specific application and more generally about the process of using biocomposites in commercial products.
OPTIMIZATION OF RETTING AND EXTRACTION THROUGH CONSTITUTIVE MATERIAL MODELLING OF PLANT STEMS FOR VARIABILITY REDUCTION IN EXTRACTED NATURAL FIBERS
Authors: SINGHAL ANSHUL , LANGHORST AMY , BANSAL ANKUSH , BANU MIHAELA , TAUB ALAN
Published: November 2021

Natural plant fibers compared to glass fibers can provide a cost effective, lightweight and carbon negative reinforcement for polymer composites. However, the current commercial fiber extraction process induces defects including middle lamellae weakening during retting and kink bands during mechanical working. This leads to high variability in mechanical properties, making these fibers less favorable for structural applications at industrial scale. The aim of current research is to reduce this variability by studying the underlying mechanisms of natural fiber extraction to minimize fiber damage occurring at various steps in the process. In this study, flax stems were retted using the conventional dew/field and lab scale controlled enzymatic retting. The hand decorticated fibers from both methods were compared and enzymatic retting showed promising results in producing fine and uniform fibers as compared to fibers extracted by dew retting. To establish the constitutive parameters of the fibers for Finite Element Modeling (FEM), single retted flax stems were compression tested using a Texture Analyzer. This data can serve as the basis for modeling the mechanical deformation of plant stems passing through breaking rollers which is the first step in extraction after retting. The goal is to optimize the roller design and process conditions required to extract fibers with minimal damage and variability.
HIGH FIDELITY BUILDING BLOCK AND VALIDATION PROTOCOLS FOR NEXTGEN COMPOSITE METHODS
Authors: SCHAEFERBRIAN JOSEPH D. , JUSTUSSON P. , JUSTUSSON BRIAN P.
Published: November 2021

The High Fidelity Building Block and Validation Protocols for NextGen Composite Methods Program (N00014-21-C-1008) seeks to provide industry with the critical experimental data and supporting guidelines by which to evaluate, validate, and demonstrate the predictive capabilities of advanced computational analysis tools. Following from the successful development of a coupon level database (N00014-14-C-0128), the HiFi NextGen program focuses on the subelement and element levels of the design-test-certification building block wherein the greatest expense for design substantiation is incurred. Additionally, data is developed to provide improved understanding of fundamental material behavior for composite material models. Advanced inspection techniques such as digital image correlation and in-situ micro computed tomography are used to capture damage onset, damage propagation, and ultimate failure within representative composite structure test specimens. Where applicable, the test program includes relevant environmental conditions. Validation guidelines focus on the use of emerging progressive damage and failure analysis (PDFA) computational techniques and address modeling considerations such as length scale, material models, numeric implementation, mesh objectivity, modeling strategy, and computational scalability. All test articles are fabricated from IM7/5320-1 tape and fabric as well as FM309-1 structural adhesive to maintain a high degree of relevancy for future aircraft needs.
DAMAGE EVOLUTION IN CROSS-PLY LAMINATES UNDER VARIABLE AMPLITUDE CYCLIC LOADINGS
Authors: CARRARO PAOLO , MIRKO SIMONETTO , MARAGONI LUCIO , QUARESIMIN MARINO
Published: November 2021

Predicting the initiation and propagation of multiple off-axis cracks in multidirectional laminates under cyclic loadings is essential in a stiffness-driven design approach. Even under a constant amplitude cyclic load, the multiple crack initiation represents always an inherently variable amplitude (VA) problem. Indeed, the initiation of cracks causes a stress re-distribution so that each point in a laminate is subjected to a stress state that changes continuously during the fatigue life. At present, no models or experimental evidences on the crack initiation phenomenon under VA loadings are available in the literature. Crack density prediction models usually rely on a simple linear damage accumulation rule, even if its validity has not been proved yet. In this work, two types of fatigue tests were carried out on glass/epoxy cross-ply laminates under VA two-block loadings: 1) Initially, the number of cycles in the first block was chosen low enough to prevent the initiation of transverse cracks in the first block; then the load was changed and the crack initiation phenomenon was characterized in the second block. 2) Then, two block loadings were applied on other specimens, with a high enough number of cycles in the first block to promote the initiation of multiple cracks; the crack density evolution was thus characterized in both blocks. A model recently developed by the authors was applied to the experimental data, revealing the suitability of the linear damage accumulation rule under block loadings, at least from a phenomenological point of view.
EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF SURFACE MODIFICATION ON CORRELATION BETWEEN PERMEABILITY OF GLASS FIBER/RESIN AND CAPILLARY NUMBER
Authors: SAITO TAKUYA , MIZUTANI KENJI , SAITO HIROSHI , KIMPARA ISAO
Published: November 2021

In this study, we experimentally evaluated the correlation between the microscopic resin flow and permeability of a glass cloth, which surface was modified by silane coupling agent. We focused on the capillary number, which is a parameter determining the microscopic resin impregnation behavior within and between fiber bundles. The capillary numbers were classified into different parameters based on their dependency on temperatures and pressures. First, we obtained the temperature condition for each resin, to make the ratio between resin viscosity and (surface tension ・contact angle), constant be Under these temperature conditions, the pressure conditions were determined to be the resin impregnation rate constant. The permeability was evaluated with three types of resins under three conditions of capillary numbers. As a result, the permeabilities of the different resin systems were approximately equal. Therefore, it was found that the macroscopic permeability was not significantly influenced by the capillary number representing microscopic resin flow.
IN SITU CHARACTERIZATION OF FIBER-MATRIX INTERFACE DEBONDING VIA FULL-FIELD MEASUREMENTS
Authors: LIVINGSTON ROBERT , KOOHBOR BEHRAD
Published: November 2021

Macroscopic mechanical and failure properties of fiber-reinforced composites depend strongly on the properties of the fiber-matrix interface. For example, transverse cracking behavior and interlaminar shear strength of composites can be highly sensitive to the characteristics of the fiber-matrix interface. Despite its importance, experimental characterization of the mechanical behavior of the fibermatrix interface under normal loading conditions has been limited. This work reports on an experimental approach that uses in situ full-field digital image correlation (DIC) measurements to quantify the mechanical and failure behaviors at the fiber-matrix interface. Single fiber model composite samples are fabricated from a proprietary epoxy embedding a single glass rod. These samples are then tested under transverse tension. DIC is used to measure the deformation and strain fields in the glass rod, epoxy, and their interface vicinity. Initiation and propagation of the fiber-matrix debond are discussed. Full-field measurements are shown to facilitate the quantitative analysis of the traction-separation laws at the fiber-matrix interface subjected to transverse tension.