bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real‐world treatment outcomes of sofosbuvir‐based regimens for treatment of chronic hepatitis C with and without human immunodeficiency virus co‐infection
Authors: Khemnark Suparat , Manosuthi Weerawat
Published: January 2023

Background and Aim

The efficacy of sofosbuvir (SOF)‐based regimens in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co‐infected patients in real‐world setting is limited.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study, conducted between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2021 at Bamrasnaradura Infectious Disease Institute, Thailand. All HCV patients received 12 weeks of SOF‐based regimens and had follow‐up for at least 12 weeks after therapy discontinuation. The primary outcome was sustained virological response (SVR) at 12 weeks after the end of treatment. Treatment outcomes were compared between HCV patients with and without HIV co‐infection.

Results

A total of 163 patients were included in the study, 130 (79.8%) were HCV/HIV co‐infected, and 33 (20.2%) were HCV mono‐infected. Of all, 106 (64%) patients received SOF and ledipasvir. Genotype 1 (GT1) was predominant at 66.4%, followed by GT3 at 22.2%, and GT6 at 11.4%. Overall SVR was 96.9%. SVR in HCV mono‐infected was 96.9% and SVR in HIV‐HCV co‐infected patients was 96.9%. The factor associated with SVR was HCV genotype (P = 0.001). Patients with HCV GT6 had lower SVR rates compared with GT1 and GT3 patients (83.3%, 100%, and 97.1% [P = 0.000] respectively). There was no association between SVR and other factors such as gender, age, BMI, underlying cirrhosis, baseline HCV viral load, or prior treatment history (all P > 0.05). All patients completed 12‐week SOF‐based treatment.

Conclusion

In real‐world setting, HCV treatment with SOF‐based regimens between patients with and without HIV co‐infection showed high rates of SVR. SOF‐based regimens were highly efficacious and tolerated.
Entrepreneurs' mobile phone appropriation and technical efficiency of informal firms in Dakar (Senegal)
Authors: Eekhout Thomas , Berrou Jean‐Philippe , Combarnous François
Published: January 2023

In Africa, entrepreneurship remains predominantly informal, but the rapid spread of mobile phone and Internet use is often viewed as an opportunity to boost the productivity and output of informal firms. Yet little is known on how informal entrepreneurs use these technologies for their business. The purpose of this paper is to open the black box of ‘mobile usage’ and investigate its effects on the performance of informal micro and small enterprises. To do so, we develop an original conceptual framework of mobile usage and apply a three‐step empirical approach based on a unique dataset of informal firms in Dakar. The first step allows us to identify rich ‘mobile usage’ measures that examine the different economic functions supported by mobile phones (coordination, finance and management) and the multiple dimensions of use (range and intensity). The second step identifies four user profiles with specific forms of appropriation: disconnected entrepreneurs, networkers, Internet explorers and digital entrepreneurs. The third step uses a stochastic frontier approach to investigate whether these profiles increase the economic efficiency of informal firms. Our findings suggest that while the most advanced uses of mobile phones have an incremental impact on sales efficiency, the potential for improvement remains limited. Only networkers' coordination uses show a significant impact on value added and profit, while the ways in which Internet explorers and digital entrepreneurs use a mobile phone have only a limited impact.
Catty, bitchy, queen bee or sister? A review of competition among women in organizations from a paradoxical‐coopetition perspective
Authors: Kark Ronit , Yacobovitz Nurit , Segal‐Caspi Lihi , Kalker‐Zimmerman Shulamit
Published: January 2023

Women in organizations must grapple with a double‐bind stemming from conflicting expectations toward them to exhibit both competition (per workplace norms) and cooperation (per societal gender‐specific norms), and they often suffer a backlash for conforming to one expectation at the expense of the other. Similarly, different streams of literature offer contrasting accounts of women's competitive attitudes and behavior. This systematic review is the first attempt to integrate research on competition among women in organizations across research disciplines to gain a nuanced insight into the pervasiveness, causes, dynamics, and manifestations of this phenomenon. In doing so, we draw on the wide research pertaining to women's intra‐gender competitive attitudes and behavior in structured competition within organizations, and on relevant intersectionality research that looks at diverse groups of women. We synthesize the research to suggest a paradoxical framework of coopetition (competitive‐cooperation) that can guide future theoretical insights and research directions, along with practical organizational tools, to effectively deal with the tension and inequality that result from paradoxical expectations and formulate important future research directions.
Neanderthal subsistence, taphonomy and chronology at Salzgitter‐Lebenstedt (Germany): a multifaceted analysis of morphologically unidentifiable bone
Authors: Ruebens Karen , Smith Geoff M. , Fewlass Helen , Sinet‐Mathiot Virginie , Hublin Jean‐Jacques , Welker Frido
Published: January 2023

Pleistocene faunal assemblages are often highly fragmented, hindering taxonomic identifications and interpretive potentials. In this paper, we apply four different methodologies to morphologically unidentifiable bone fragments from the Neanderthal open‐air site of Salzgitter‐Lebenstedt (Germany). First, we recorded zooarchaeological attributes for all 1362 unidentifiable bones recovered in 1977. Second, we applied zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS) to 761 fragments, and calculated glutamine deamidation values. Third, we assessed the collagen preservation of 30 fragments by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and, finally, we pretreated 10 bones with high predicted collagen values for radiocarbon dating. All returned dates at, or beyond, the limit of radiocarbon dating, indicating an age of older than 51 000 years ago. The ZooMS faunal spectrum confirms a cold environment, dominated by reindeer, alongside mammoth, horse and bison. The low occurrence of carnivore modifications (1%) contrasts with an abundance of human modifications (23%). Cut marks and marrow fractures were observed across reindeer, horse and bison. The mammoth remains are less well preserved and show a lower degree of human modifications, indicating, perhaps, a different taphonomic history. Overall, this study illustrates the importance of retaining, studying and incorporating the unidentifiable bone fraction to optimize interpretations of site formation and subsistence behaviour at Palaeolithic sites.
Experimental test of the efficacy of hunting for controlling human–wildlife conflict
Authors: Northrup Joseph M. , Howe Eric , Inglis Jeremy , Newton Erica , Obbard Martyn E. , Pond Bruce , Potter Derek
Published: January 2023

Human–wildlife conflict can cause major declines in wildlife populations and pose a threat to human safety and livelihoods. Large carnivores are among the most conflict‐prone species because they range widely, eat human‐associated foods, and can pose a risk to human safety. Legal harvest of carnivores by licensed hunters is an attractive method to attempt to reduce conflict; however, there is mixed evidence for its effectiveness. We leveraged a unique management project in Ontario, Canada in which a new spring American black bear (Ursus americanus) hunting season was implemented in selected wildlife management units in addition to the existing fall season. We examined human–bear interactions and incidents before (2012 and 2013) and after (2014 and 2015) this implementation in treatment and control areas. Further, using data from 2004–2019, we examined the longer‐term patterns of human–bear interactions and incidents before and after this management project when a spring season was implemented throughout the entire province beginning in 2016. Harvest increased significantly upon the implementation of the spring season in selected units, but there was no concomitant reduction in interactions or incidents, and these were higher in areas with the new spring season relative to control areas. Human–bear interactions, incidents, and harvest were strongly related to the availability of natural foods in all analyses. Regulated, presumably sustainable harvest was ineffective at reducing human–bear interactions and incidents in the near‐term and might have increased both. Our results support a long history of research showing that natural food availability is a primary driver of human–wildlife conflict. Programs promoting coexistence between people and wildlife, including education, capacity building, and management of unnatural food sources are likely to be the most successful at reducing conflicts between people and bears.
De Gruyter name change policy: Case study for learned publishing
Authors: Smith Christene , Schönwetter Charlott , Smith Christopher
Published: January 2023

Key points

A name change policy ensures that any academic author wishing to change their name can do so ‘silently’ and without it being announced. This case study shares how De Gruyter designed and implemented a policy with a view to sharing its learning and experience with the wider publishing community.

While anyone can take advantage of a name change policy, they are particularly important for transitioning scholars who want to change their name without being publicly ‘outed’ by the traditional revisions process.

Academic publishers are increasingly seeing the importance of implementing name change policies. De Gruyter, alongside many others in the United States and Europe, are developing policies following COPE guidelines.

The impetus for De Gruyter's name change policy came from a group of proactive employees who formed a committee to drive the idea forward. Over 18 months, the group researched best practice and engaged all parts of the business to build understanding, cooperation and support for the initiative.

Introduced on 6th October 2022, De Gruyter's policy provides any academic author wishing to change their name with a ‘blind update’ of their name across all of their De Gruyter‐published material. The case study goes on to outline the personal learning points of the project leader, Dr. Christene Smith.
Ultra‐High Transmission Broadband Tunable VO2 Optical Limiter
Authors: Guan Huan , Ren Feifei , Liang Shuhui , Gu Jinxin , Geng Chenchen , Wei Hang , Dou Shuliang , Zhao Jiupeng , Li Yao
Published: January 2023

An optical limiter (OL) is a nonlinear device that protects sensitive photodetectors or human eyes from high‐intensity illumination. However, current OLs have low open‐state transmittance and a limited turndown ratio in some cases. In this study, first it is demonstrated that combining the insulator‐to‐metal transition (IMT) of vanadium dioxide (VO2) with anti‐reflection layers can enable both high and broadband open‐state transmittance (>−0.9 dB at the peak wavelength) while preserving a large turndown ratio (>21.8 dB). Furthermore, optothermal simulation is conducted to analyze the performance of the VO2 OL under ultrafast laser irradiation. The result reveals that IMT of the VO2 OL occurs at 0.23 µs when the incident laser intensity is 90 kW cm−2. These benefits offer a promising alternative to OLs in technologies ranging from sensor protection to human eye defense.
Absolute Time Delay Measurement Over an Existing Radio Over Free‐Space Optical Link with Sub‐Picosecond Precision
Authors: Xu Zhongyang , Sun Xiuyuan , Zhang Yawei , Qiu Bowen , Yang Yue , Wang Xiangchuan , Pan Shilong
Published: January 2023

Distributed RF systems are referred to as the fundamental structure for future wireless communication and sensors. To enable wideband coherent operation, synchronization across the distributed systems with massive parallel absolute time delay (ATD) measurements up to sub‐picosecond precision should be implemented. Traditional ways to achieve precise ATD measurements usually rely on probe signals with broad bandwidth, while that of RF systems is limited. Although an all‐optical solution has high precision, it is complex and not compatible with RF systems. Microwave photonics, which combines the merits of RF and photonics, potentially provides a low‐cost and high‐precision solution that can be deployed in existing RF systems. Here, ATD measurement with sub‐picosecond precision directly over an existing radio over free‐space optical (RoFSO) link, requiring no additional hardware beyond the link, is achieved. The bandwidth of the system is only 10 MHz, while the measurement results meet well with those obtained by optical combs. The measurement errors caused by atmospheric turbulence are well suppressed by a dynamic Kalman filter. The RoFSO links can be stabilized in a closed‐loop measurement. The standard deviation of the timing jitter is 0.28 ps, and the Allan variance is around 1.9 × 10−19 @ 1000 s, which is sufficient to synchronize millimeter‐wave signals.
Role of Al and Mg alloying elements on corrosion behavior of zinc alloy‐coated steel substrates in 0.1 M NaCl solution
Authors: Pham Thu Thuy , Nguyen Thuy Duong , Nguyen Anh Son , Nguyen Thi Thao , Gonon Maurice , Belfiore Alice , Paint Yoann , To Thi Xuan Hang , Olivier Marie‐Georges
Published: January 2023

The corrosion behavior and corrosion products of three zinc alloy‐coated steel substrates with different Al and Mg contents such as hot‐dip galvanized steel (HDG), Zn–Al‐coated steel (ZA), and Zn–Al–Mg‐coated steel (ZM) substrates were investigated during 168 h of immersion in 0.1 M NaCl solution. The characteristics and morphology of corrosion products on all the substrates formed during exposure to electrolyte solution were observed by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Their electrochemical behavior was investigated by open‐circuit potential, polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The addition of Al and Mg alloying elements affected the corrosion mechanism as well as the anticorrosion properties. The main crystalline corrosion products on the HDG surface were simonkolleite and zincite, while the ZnAl hydrotalcite was identified as the main corrosion product on ZA and ZM surfaces. The corrosion resistance of ZA and ZM substrates was improved compared to the HDG substrate due to the enhanced adhesion of the corrosion product layer.
Effect of coating on the oxidation behavior of turbine rotor material in supercritical water
Authors: Yuan Xiaohu , Gong Xiufang , Li Dingjun , Zhang Naiqiang , Zhu Zhongliang
Published: January 2023

High‐temperature oxidation behavior of IBN‐1 alloy, Ni–Cr thermally sprayed coating, Ni–Cr thermally sprayed coating with surface shot peening and grinding treatment in supercritical water have been investigated at 650°C under 25 MPa. The oxidation kinetics of IBN‐1 steel follows the parabolic law. Compared with substrate metals, the oxidation resistance of IBN‐1 steel with the three kinds of Ni–Cr coating treatment has been greatly improved due to the formation of Cr‐rich oxide and the oxidation kinetics deviated from the parabolic behavior seriously. The deviation may be attributed to differences in the oxide phase with an increase in oxidation time. Furthermore, the difference in oxidation rate among different Ni–Cr coating surface treatment processes can be observed. The related mechanism has been discussed.
Identification of the First Sulfobetaine Hydrogel‐Binding Peptides via Phage Display Assay
Authors: Ihlenburg Ramona B. J. , Petracek David , Schrank Paul , Davari Mehdi D. , Taubert Andreas , Rothenstein Dirk
Published: January 2023

Using the M13 phage display, a series of 7‐ and 12‐mer peptides which interact with new sulfobetaine hydrogels are identified. Two peptides each from the 7‐ and 12‐mer peptide libraries bind to the new sulfobetaine hydrogels with high affinity compared to the wild‐type phage lacking a dedicated hydrogel binding peptide. This is the first report of peptides binding to zwitterionic sulfobetaine hydrogels and the study therefore opens up the pathway toward new phage or peptide/hydrogel hybrids with high application potential.
Cip2a induces arginine biosynthesis and promotes tumor progression in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Danyang , Fan Siwen , Wang Jun , Liang Yanqing , Li Pan , Lv Xinwu , Sun Yanqin , Wang Qian , Liu Hao , Zhang Chuantao , Yi Yanmei
Published: January 2023

Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (Cip2a) is an oncoprotein, playing important roles in tumor progression. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Cip2a promotes tumor aggressiveness in NSCLC remain to be further investigated. In this study, we found that Cip2a expression is elevated in NSCLC and correlates with poor prognosis. Knockdown of Cip2a significantly reduced the ability of cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that Cip2a promotes tumor progression partly by inducing arginine biosynthesis, and knockdown of Cip2a exhibited a significantly increased sensitivity to arginine deprivation and mTOR inhibition. In addition, we found that p53 mutants in NSCLC cells increased Cip2a expression by inhibiting the activity of wild‐type p53. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of Cip2a in promoting tumor progression and suggest that Cip2a represents a potential therapeutic target for treating NSCLC.
Diversity workforce report one of newly released SMHA profiles
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: January 2023

Data from the federal Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)‐funded Behavioral Health Workforce Research Center at the University of Michigan indicate that improvements can be made to increase the diversity of the behavioral health workforce, according to a new report, one of 10 released this month by NRI, Analytics Improving Behavioral Health.
The application of “S.I.S” technique improves long‐term continence after robotic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Song Qi‐Xiang , Li Jiayi , Shen Kai , Peng Zehong , Qiu Xudong , Zhu Hanjing , Gu Yiyuan , Xu Wenxin , Wang Jieying , Zhu Yinjie , Pan Jiahua , Dong Baijun , Xue Wei
Published: January 2023

Aims

To propose a novel S.I.S technique during the robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), encompassing pubourethral suspension, posterior wall intensification, and bladder neck stripping, and to present functional and oncological outcomes with a special focus on long‐term continence.

Methods

From January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019, consecutive patients who underwent RARP were retrospectively investigated and separated into the S.I.S group and the conventional group. Preoperative patient characteristics, tumor status, and perioperative parameters were collected, followed by the assessment of self‐reported status on continence, using an International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire—urinary incontinence short form (ICIQ‐UI‐SF). Statistical comparisons were performed on variables between the two surgery groups, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictive factors for postoperative incontinence severity.

Results

A total of 602 subjects were analyzed with a median follow‐up of 24 months. There was no significant difference regarding baseline characteristics and perioperative parameters, except for a more advanced tumor stage in the S.I.S group. The application of the S.I.S technique did not jeopardize the positive surgical margin rate at the bladder neck or long‐term tumor control. Notably, the patient‐reported degree of incontinence was significantly reduced with the assistance of S.I.S technique, as evidenced by the diminished severe‐to‐very severe cases. On multivariate analysis, both preoperative body mass index and use of S.I.S modification were independent predictive factors for the long‐term incontinence severity.

Conclusions

The application of S.I.S technique during RARP is feasible and superior compare with the conventional approach, with a significantly alleviated long‐term incontinence severity, without compromising cancer control.
Adverse Events Associated With Bioabsorbable Nasal Implants: A MAUDE Database Analysis
Authors: Wilkins Sarah G. , Sheth Amar H. , Kayastha Darpan , Abdou Hisham , Salehi Parsa P. , Citardi Martin J. , Peter Manes R.
Published: January 2023

Bioabsorbable implants (eg, Latera) have recently been approved for addressing nasal valve collapse. The purpose of this study is to summarize adverse events and treatment sequelae associated with bioabsorbable nasal implants queried in the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database. Of the 26 device reports entered between March 2017 and April 2022, the most frequently reported complications included abscess (n = 13) and implant protrusion (n = 5). Other common symptoms reported greater than 1‐year postimplantation included facial pain/discomfort (n = 3) and failure to absorb (n = 3). Management of adverse events included treatment with antibiotics (n = 9), steroid injections (n = 4), and explantation (n = 20). In 3 reports, adverse reactions required a biopsy of adjacent tissue for pathologic analysis. These findings suggest that further research is required to assess the potential long‐term complications and optimize the management of bioabsorbable nasal implants. Furthermore, standardized reporting templates may improve the utility of the MAUDE database.
Risk Factors for Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Candelo Estephania , Avila‐Castano Karol , Verez Abigail , Abello‐Vaamonde Jorge A. , Donaldson Angela M.
Published: January 2023

Objective

Studies suggest that transplant patients are at risk for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, there is limited information in the literature regarding frequency and reasons for failure of adequate medical therapy. We aim to determine the risk factors associated with the development of medically recalcitrant CRS requiring endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Study Design

Retrospective cohort.

Setting

Mayo Clinic.

Methods

This is a retrospective chart review of 925 transplant recipients seen at Mayo Clinic between 2017 and 2022. Inclusion criteria: (1) a rhinologic consultation after transplant and (2) clinical diagnosis of CRS. A total of 549 patients met the inclusion criteria and were divided based on the need for ESS versus successful treatment with medical therapy. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors and predictive variables related to failure of medical therapy.

Results

Of the 549 patients, 201/549 (37%) had medically recalcitrant disease requiring ESS, while 348/549 (63%) were successfully treated with medical therapy Based on logistic regression, patients with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis in the pretransplant period were 8.68 more likely to have a recalcitrant disease (95% confidence interval, 3.72‐20.28, p < 0.0001). Some of the largest determinants of medical therapy failure in the posttransplant period were CRS with nasal polyps, odontogenic CRS, and noninvasive fungal sinusitis. The presence of neutropenia, aplastic anemia, and living transplant were also associated with medically recalcitrant CRS requiring ESS.

Conclusion

Our predictive model identifies with high accuracy the patients who may be at risk of developing recalcitrant CRS in the organ transplant population.
Comparison of Bacteriology Between Eosinophilic and Noneosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps
Authors: Jiang Rong‐San , Liang Kai‐Li
Published: January 2023

Objective

To compare culture results between eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP) and noneosinophilic CRS with nasal polyps (nECRSwNP).

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Tertiary medical center.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of CRSwNP patients undergoing primary functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Prior to surgery, swab samples for bacterial culture were collected from their middle meatus using cotton tips. After surgery, postoperative specimens were histologically examined for tissue eosinophilia. A tissue eosinophil density of >10 cells at high power magnification was used to discriminate between ECRSwNP and nECRSwNP.

Results

A total of 295 patients were studied with polyps present on 471 sides of the nasal cavity. Among them, 236 sides were ECRSwNP, and the remaining 235 sides were nECRSwNP. Bacterial growth was found in 94 ECRSwNP sides, and in 88 nECRSwNP sides. Culture rates were similar between ECRSwNP and nECRSwNP sides (p = .595). However, Gram‐negative aerobes were found in 25 of 236 ECRSwNP sides, and in 42 of 235 nECRSwNP sides. The Gram‐negative culture rate was significantly higher in nECRSwNP than in ECRSwNP sides (p = .024).

Conclusion

The bacteriology of CRS was different between ECRSwNP and nECRSwNP. The Gram‐negative aerobes were present more in nECRSwNP than in ECRSwNP.
Carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy composite properties improvement by incorporation of polydopamine sizing at fiber–matrix interface
Authors: Qin Wenzhen , Lei Kaixuan , Yan Meiling , Li Zhongkai , Yan Yi , Hu Yongwei , Wu Zhijun , He Jianwei , Chen Liang
Published: January 2023

To gain better interfacial and mechanical performances of carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy resin (CF/EP) composites, the surface modification of CF was carried out via a simple mild method. The polydopamine (PDA) was applied to size the CF, as well as the influence of PDA sizing time on CF was elucidated. As the PDA‐deposited time increases, a growing number of PDA nanoparticles were adhered on CF surface, associating with appearance of PDA agglomerates. Through analyzing the results, the optimum PDA sized time was 24 h. The introduction of PDA increases the chemical reaction and mechanical interlocking between fiber and matrix. Compared with unsized CF, the tensile strength of PDA 24 h sized CF was improved by 27.0%, the interlaminar shear strength, flexural and impact strength of PDA 24 h sized CF/EP composites increased by 103.7%, 65.6%, and 163.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the fracture topographies of CF/EP composite strikingly implied that the PDA has a positive impact on the mechanical performances of CF/EP composites.
The influence of self‐determination on the social functioning of long‐term day hospitals users with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kinoshita Eiko , Hashimoto Takeshi , Nishimura Ryoji , Yotsumoto Kayano
Published: January 2023

Aim

In Japan, day hospitals are a method of rehabilitation for psychiatric disorders, especially for recovering social functioning. Currently, 60% of day hospital users have schizophrenia, the majority of whom are long‐term users (for over 1 year). However, they show no progress in community participation. This study aimed to investigate whether people with schizophrenia who use day hospitals can improve their social functioning and recovery levels, and alleviate psychiatric symptoms, when they engage in self‐determination regularly.

Methods

This study employed a multicenter randomized controlled design with a 3‐month intervention. Participants were divided into two groups. The intervention group (n = 24) determined their daily goals in life and attended the day hospitals' programs, while the control group (n = 25) only participated in the day hospitals' programs. Participants' social functioning was assessed using the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, psychiatric symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and recovery using the Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS), before and after the intervention.

Results

In the intergroup factors, there were no significant differences in GAF, PANSS, or RAS scores.

Conclusion

The results suggest that participants' regular self‐determination of their daily goals did not lead to significantly positive behavior in improving their social functioning. However, the social functioning and psychiatric symptoms of participants in day hospitals improved after 3 months.
Prenatal diagnosis of SMPD4 loss ‐ A neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, arthrogryposis and structural brain anomalies
Authors: Theresia Koenigbauer Josefine , Wolfgang Henrich , Gundula Girschick , Michael Entezami , Alexander Weichert , Caroline Gabrysch , Laura Fangmann , Rabih Chaoui , Heinz‐Peter Gabriel
Published: January 2023

SMPD4 loss is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that leads to severe mental and physical disability and early death in infancy. Most cases of this genetic condition have been diagnosed postnatally. This article focuses on the prenatal findings of affected fetuses. The phenotypes can include growth restriction, arthrogryposis (clenched hands, foot deformity), as well as cerebral abnormalities (simplified gyral pattern/lissencephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, corpus callosum deformity). SMPD4 loss is detectable via exome sequencing. Here, two fetuses displayed a homozygotic pathogen variant in the SMPD4 gene, encoding for the enzyme Sphingomyelinase‐4. Both parents were heterozygous carriers of the pathogenic variant. On detection of the above mentioned signs exome sequencing is indicated, with focus on the SMPD4 gene.
The influence of gratitude on depressive symptoms among Chinese college students during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The moderating effect of psychological capital
Authors: Luo Yun , Deng Yuting , Ma Tangsheng , Jiang Yan
Published: January 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak has the potential to trigger declines in individual mental health, potentially in the form of depressive symptoms. However, few studies have explored factors protective of mental health during the ongoing pandemic. For the sustainable development of individual health, this study was conducted during the pandemic and examines the relationship between gratitude and symptoms of depression, as well as the moderating effect of psychological capital. Latent variable structural equation modeling was used to analyze depressive symptoms and protective factors in 3123 college students. This study measures gratitude, depressive symptoms, and psychological capital, using the Gratitude Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, and the Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire, respectively. Gratitude was negatively related to depressive symptoms, with psychological capital as a moderator of the relationship. Specifically, psychological capital had a powerful protective effect against depressive symptoms. Students with high psychological capital had lower depressive symptoms than those with low psychological capital, regardless of their level of gratitude. In students with low psychological capital, gratitude had a protective effect against depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that psychological capital is a powerful protective factor against depressive symptoms during a pandemic and improving psychological capital could enhance mental health.
School‐based mental health supports during COVID‐19: School professional perspectives
Authors: Marraccini Marisa E. , Griffard Megan K. R. , Whitcomb Cason E. , Wood Caitlin , Griffin Dana C. , Pittleman Cari , Sartain Lauren
Published: January 2023

The present study explored the ways school professionals adapted school‐based mental health supports and services for remote delivery during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. We surveyed 81 school professionals (e.g., counselors, psychologists, and social workers) and conducted in‐depth interviews with a subsample of professionals (n = 14) to explore their perceptions and experiences of supporting youth with mental health concerns and suicide‐related risk during the fall and winter of the 2020–2021 school year. Commonly endorsed school‐based mental health interventions (e.g., counseling services and checking in), ways of communicating (phone and email), and individuals delivering support and services to students with suicide‐related risk (e.g., counselors and teachers) were identified based on school professional survey responses. Qualitative findings point to facilitators (e.g., specific platforms for connecting with students and families) and barriers (e.g., limited communication) to successful service delivery during COVID‐19. Findings highlight the creative ways school support professionals adapted to provide school‐based mental health supports. Implications for remote school‐based mental health services during and following the pandemic are discussed.
Sequence‐controlled synthesis of rotaxanes
Authors: Han Han , Seale James S. W. , Feng Liang , Qiu Yunyan , Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: January 2023

Rotaxanes with well‐defined ring sequences are attractive synthetic goals in the construction of functional materials associated with molecular shuttles and switches, molecular electronics, and information storage. Sequence‐controlled synthesis of oligo‐ and polyrotaxanes is important in the context of the development of both sequence‐defined polymers and dynamic functional materials. To date, examples of sequence‐controlled rotaxanes are limited to oligorotaxanes on account of the synthetic challenges they pose. This Review sheds light on the pivotal role that sequence isomerism plays in rotaxanes. Synthetic approaches, including orthogonal templation, active‐metal templation, self‐sorting and snapping, cooperative‐capturing, ring‐through‐ring‐shuttling, and molecular pumping, for the construction of sequence‐controlled rotaxanes are all discussed in this Review. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of these different approaches, several possible synthetic strategies are proposed in an attempt to foretell the future of sequence‐controlled synthesis of polyrotaxanes.
Endobronchial lesion in an adolescent with hemoptysis biopsy or not to biopsy?
Authors: Madhusudan Manoj , Srikanta Jingade Tukaram , Chandra Tejaswi , Karthik Kota , Balasubramanian Sundaram
Published: January 2023

An 11‐year‐old girl was brought with complaints of recurrent massive hemoptysis. A computerized tomography (CT) of the chest showed ground glass opacities on the right lower lobe, and a CT angiography showed hypertrophied right pulmonary artery. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed a sessile friable lesion in the right lower lobe, raising suspicion of either a tumor or a vascular malformation. An endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) revealed a cystic lesion in the submucous plane, with vascularity noted on Doppler mode. This confirmed the diagnosis of bronchial Dieulafoy disease. A bronchial angiography revealed a vascular malformation overlying the lesion with a bronchopulmonary shunt, which was ligated. This case demonstrates the importance of EBUS in endobronchial lesions, to avoid biopsy of a vascular malformation.
Risk stratification for early biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer in the era of multiparametric magnetic resonance imagining‐targeted biopsy
Authors: Diamand Romain , Peltier Alexandre , Roche Jean‐Baptiste , Lievore Elena , Lacetera Vito , Chiacchio Giuseppe , Beatrici Valerio , Mastroianni Riccardo , Simone Giuseppe , Windisch Olivier , Benamran Daniel , Fourcade Alexandre , Nguyen Truong A. , Fournier Georges , Fiard Gaelle , Ploussard Guillaume , Roumeguère Thierry , Albisinni Simone
Published: January 2023

Background

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRI‐targeted biopsy are nowadays recommended in the prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostic pathway. Ploussard and Mazzone have integrated these tools into novel risk classification systems predicting the risk of early biochemical recurrence (eBCR) in PCa patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP). We aimed to assess available risk classification systems and to define the best‐performing.

Methods

Data on 1371 patients diagnosed by MRI‐targeted biopsy and treated by RP between 2014 and 2022 at eight European tertiary referral centers were analyzed. Risk classifications systems included were the European Association of Urology (EAU) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk groups, the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) score, the International Staging Collaboration for Cancer of the Prostate (STAR‐CAP) classification, the Ploussard and Mazzone models, and ISUP grade group. Kaplan‐Meier analyses were used to compare eBCR among risk classification systems. Performance was assessed in terms of discrimination quantified using Harrell's c‐index, calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

Overall, 152 (11%) patients had eBCR at a median follow‐up of 31 months (interquartile range: 19–45). The 3‐year eBCR‐free survival rate was 91% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 89–93). For each risk classification system, a significant difference among survival probabilities was observed (log‐rank test p < 0.05) except for NCCN classification (p = 0.06). The highest discrimination was obtained with the STAR‐CAP classification (c‐index 66%) compared to CAPRA score (63% vs. 66%, p = 0.2), ISUP grade group (62% vs. 66, p = 0.07), Ploussard (61% vs. 66%, p = 0.003) and Mazzone models (59% vs. 66%, p = 0.02), and EAU (57% vs. 66%, p < 0.001) and NCCN (57% vs. 66%, p < 0.001) risk groups. Risk classification systems demonstrated good calibration characteristics. At DCA, the CAPRA score showed the highest net benefit at a probability threshold of 9%–15%.

Conclusions

The performance of risk classification systems using MRI and MRI‐targeted information was less optimistic when tested in a contemporary set of patients. CAPRA score and STAR‐CAP classification were the best‐performing and should be preferred for treatment decision‐making.
Observation of Robust Polarization Squeezing via the Kerr Nonlinearity in an Optical Fiber
Authors: Kalinin Nikolay , Dirmeier Thomas , Sorokin Arseny A. , Anashkina Elena A. , Sánchez‐Soto Luis L. , Corney Joel F. , Leuchs Gerd , Andrianov Alexey V.
Published: January 2023

Squeezed light is one of the resources of photonic quantum technology. Among the various nonlinear interactions capable of generating squeezing, the optical Kerr effect is particularly easy‐to‐use. A popular venue is to generate polarization squeezing, which is a special self‐referencing variant of two‐mode squeezing. To date, polarization squeezing generation setups have been very sensitive to fluctuations of external factors and have required careful tuning. In this work, a development of a new all‐fiber setup for polarization squeezing generation is reported. The setup consists of passive elements only and is simple, robust, and stable. More than 5 dB of directly measured squeezing is obtained over long periods of time without any need for adjustments. Thus, the new scheme provides a robust and easy‐to‐set‐up way of obtaining squeezed light applicable to different applications. The impact of pulse duration and pulse power on the degree of squeezing is investigated.
Recurrent pleural effusion from ovarian hemangioma: A rare pseudo‐Meigs syndrome presentation
Authors: Neshat Sina , Yu Lee‐Mateus Alejandra , Fernandez‐Bussy Isabel , Walsh Katherine L. , Abia‐Trujillo David
Published: January 2023

Pleural effusion is a common condition related to various diseases such as heart failure, malignancies, and pneumonia. Ovarian hemangioma is a rare type of female genital tumour and can rarely cause pleural effusion. In this case, we present a 48‐year‐old female with repeated episodes of recurrent right‐sided pleural effusion over 1 year with no clear aetiology. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a large left ovarian mass. After surgical removal of the mass, the repeated pleural effusion episodes ceased, and histopathology analysis reported a rare ovarian hemangioma. Pseudo Meigs' syndrome is a triad of an ovarian tumour, ascites, and hydrothorax that rarely presents with ovarian hemangioma; both effusions are eradicated after removing the tumour.
A 3‐DOF electromotor‐driven external fixator for foot and ankle deformity correction based on X‐ray digital measurement
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Wang Shuang , Zuo Shiping , Dong Mingjie , Jiao Ran
Published: January 2023

Background

The use of external fixators to treat foot and ankle deformities remains a challenge in orthopedic surgery due to their diversity. We hope to improve the automation and accuracy of the correction process.

Methods

A three‐degree‐of‐freedom (3‐DOF) electromotor‐driven external fixator for uniplanar foot and ankle deformities was proposed. Computer‐assisted correction software was developed to help surgeons use digital technology to measure the required parameters from patients' X‐ray radiographs. The correction trajectory and the prescriptions were generated in the software based on the proposed correction strategy.

Results

Two clinical cases were simulated to verify the correction ability of the developed external fixator. The results showed that the angular and displacement deformities were well corrected.

Conclusions

The developed external fixator can accurately and automatically correct foot and ankle deformities with the help of computer‐assisted correction software, which significantly reduces the burden on surgeons and patients.
Factors influencing purchase intention for recycled products: A comparative analysis of Germany and South Africa
Authors: Dobbelstein Thomas , Lochner Carina
Published: January 2023

Due to an increasing demand, companies have started producing recycled products. However, little is known about the specific purchase behavior. Hence, this study analyses the factors influencing purchase intention for recycled products including differences related to different types of products and between Germany and South Africa. A quantitative study in Germany (n = 603) and South Africa (n = 692). shows that purchase intention is significantly higher in South Africa. The influencing factors (individual, product, and context related constructs) are the same in both countries, but they differ regarding their strength. Thus, the factor “attitude/environmental concern” has the strongest influence in South Africa, while it is “value/accessibility” in Germany. Furthermore, purchase intention for mobile phones is generally smaller than for t‐shirts and toilet paper. Purchase intention for recycled t‐shirts is significantly higher in South Africa than in Germany.
Interlaced CoOx Nanosheets Composited with Reduced Graphene Oxide and Carbonized Bacterial Cellulose as Anode Materials for Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Huiqiang , Lei Wen , Zhu Zeji , Wang Bing , Xiong Ying
Published: January 2023

Constructing peculiar carbon‐based networks built from hybrid structures has been considered as an effective approach to establish a superior scaffold for immobilization of nanoparticles. Herein, we demonstrate a facile and green approach to prepare cobalt oxides (CoOx)‐based anode, which is realized by rationally exploiting unique properties of carbonized bacterial cellulose (CBC) and graphene (GN). The unique configuration of GN/CoOx/CBC composite fully enables utilization of the synergistic effects from both three‐dimensional nanofibrous network and two‐dimensional “flexible confinement” function. Benefiting from their intriguing structural features, the synthesized composite is directly used as electrode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), and achieves superior flexibility and reliability, enhanced energy/power density and outstanding cycling stability.
N and P Co‐doped Green Waste Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon as a Supercapacitor Electrode for Energy Storage: Electrolyte Effects
Authors: Asif Rabbani Muhammad , Adeyemi Oladipo Akeem , Kusaf Mehmet
Published: January 2023

N, P dual‐doped watermelon peel‐derived carbon (NPW) was prepared and found to exhibit a larger specific surface area of 1809 m2 g−1 and improved hierarchically interconnected pores than N‐doped and P‐doped carbons. The NPW electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical activity in a three‐electrode setup with 1 M H2SO4, 6 M KOH, and 1 M Na2SO4 electrolytes; with high specific capacitance (498.8, 397.6, and 378.6 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, respectively) and an average capacitance retention of ∼96.9 % after 10,000 charge‐discharge cycles at 10 A g−1. The NPW//NPW‐based symmetric cell with 1 M H2SO4‐PVA‐electrolyte provided a high energy density of 71.84 Wh kg−1 at 1 A g−1 and a specific capacitance of 263.9 F g−1. In the neutral electrolyte, NPW showed a wider operating voltage window of up to 2.0 V with no discernible anodic current and delivered 97.11 Wh kg−1 energy density.
Click and Detect: Versatile Ampicillin Aptasensor Enabled by Click Chemistry on a Graphene–Alkyne Derivative
Authors: Flauzino José M. R. , Nalepa Martin‐Alex , Chronopoulos Demetrios D. , Šedajová Veronika , Panáček David , Jakubec Petr , Kührová Petra , Pykal Martin , Banáš Pavel , Panáček Aleš , Bakandritsos Aristides , Otyepka Michal
Published: January 2023

Tackling the current problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) requires fast, inexpensive, and effective methods for controlling and detecting antibiotics in diverse samples at the point of interest. Cost‐effective, disposable, point‐of‐care electrochemical biosensors are a particularly attractive option. However, there is a need for conductive and versatile carbon‐based materials and inks that enable effective bioconjugation under mild conditions for the development of robust, sensitive, and selective devices. This work describes a simple and fast methodology to construct an aptasensor based on a novel graphene derivative equipped with alkyne groups prepared via fluorographene chemistry. Using click chemistry, an aptamer is immobilized and used as a successful platform for the selective determination of ampicillin in real samples in the presence of interfering molecules. The electrochemical aptasensor displayed a detection limit of 1.36 nM, high selectivity among other antibiotics, the storage stability of 4 weeks, and is effective in real samples. Additionally, structural and docking simulations of the aptamer shed light on the ampicillin binding mechanism. The versatility of this platform opens up wide possibilities for constructing a new class of aptasensor based on disposable screen‐printed carbon electrodes usable in point‐of‐care devices.
Molecular Imprinted BiVO4 Microswimmers for Selective Target Recognition and Removal
Authors: Yuan Xiaojiao , Ferrer‐Campos Rebeca , Garcés‐Pineda Felipe A. , Villa Katherine
Published: January 2023

Analogous to photosynthetic systems, photoactive semiconductor‐based micro/nanoswimmers display biomimetic features that enable unique light harvesting and energy conversion functions and interactions with their surroundings. However, these artificial swimmers are usually non‐selective and provide ineffective target recognition, resulting in poor surface analyte binding that affects the overall reactivity and motion efficiency. Here, the surface engineering of light‐driven BiVO4 microswimmers by molecular imprinting polymerization is presented. After embedding surface recognition sites, the modified microswimmers can self‐propel in a solution of a target molecule, without requiring toxic fuels, and degrade the target selectively in a pollutant mixture. These findings show that optimizing the design of semiconductor‐based microswimmers with specific target recognition cavities on their surface is a promising strategy to achieve selective capture and degradation of organic pollutants, which is otherwise impossible because of the non‐selective behavior of photogenerated reactive radicals. Moreover, this study provides a unique strategy to enhance the motion capabilities of single‐component photocatalytic microswimmers in a specific chemical environment.