bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verschleißbeurteilung für die Verdichtung mit Oszillationswalzen/Assessment of Wear for Compaction with Oscillating Rollers
Authors: Pistrol Johannes , Adam Dietmar
Published: March 2021

Bei Oszillationswalzen, deren Bandagen durch die dynamische Anregung in eine rasche Vorwärts-Rückwärts-Rotation versetzt werden und die Verdichtungswirkung wesentlich über die Reibung zwischen dem Walzmantel der Oszillationsbandage und der Oberfläche der zu verdichtenden Schicht realisiert wird, stellt der Walzmantel und damit die Bandage selbst ein Verschleißteil dar. Um eine lange Lebensdauer der Oszillationsbandagen gewährleisten zu können, ist eine Beurteilung des Verschleißes sowie der Verschleißwirkung verschiedener Maschinen- und Prozessparameterkombinationen von großem Interesse.

 

Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird auf Grundlage experimenteller Untersuchungen und theoretischer Überlegungen ein messtechnisch erfassbarer Schlupf-Kennwert zur Beurteilung der Kontaktbedingungen zwischen dem Walzmantel der Oszillationsbandage und dem Untergrund entwickelt.

 

Da zur Beurteilung der Verschleißwirkung auch die – messtechnisch praktisch nicht erfassbare – Verteilung der Relativgeschwindigkeiten und Schubspannungen erforderlich ist, wird ein validiertes numerisches Simulationsmodell genutzt, um eine Verschleißenergie als Referenzgröße der Verschleißbeanspruchung zu definieren und verschiedene Prozessparameter hinsichtlich ihrer Verschleißwirkung zu beurteilen.
Ertüchtigung der Autobahnbrücke über den Neckar und Neckarkanal in Heidelberg-Wieblingen/Retrofitting of the highway bridge over the Neckar River and Neckar Channel in Heidelberg-Wieblingen
Authors: Siepen Willi , Retzepis Ioannis
Published: March 2021

Die im Jahr 1970 erstellte Spannbetonhohlkastenbrücke über den Neckar und den Neckarkanal in Heidelberg-Wieblingen wurde – in Abstimmung mit dem Bauherrn – unter Zugrundelegung unterschiedlicher, zum jeweiligen Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung aktuell gültiger Regelwerke nachgerechnet. In einer Machbarkeitsstudie und im anschließenden Entwurf wurden für die festgestellten, tragsicherheitsrelevanten Defizite Ertüchtigungs- und Verstärkungsmaßnahmen detailliert ausgearbeitet. Die Ausführung der vergleichsweise kostengünstigen Maßnahmen konnte schonend, mit größter Präzision und unter Einhaltung der vorgegebenen Zeitschiene bei minimaler Beeinträchtigung des Verkehrs erfolgen, sodass das ertüchtigte Bauwerk nach aktueller Regelwerkslage für eine uneingeschränkte verkehrliche Nutzung bis zum Ende seiner rechnerischen Restlebensdauer zur Verfügung steht.
Der Bezugssystemwechsel im amtlichen Vermessungswesen und seine Folgen bei der Nutzung von Lage- und Höhenkoordinaten für Bauvorhaben/The reference system change in German ordnance surveying and its consequences using plane and height co-ordinates in construction projects
Authors: Heunecke Otto
Published: March 2021

Die CAD- sowie BIM-gestützte Planung von Bauwerken und Infrastrukturvorhaben erfolgt regelmäßig in kartesischen Koordinaten mit der Meterdefinition als einheitlichem Maßstab. Demgegenüber liegen die amtlichen Geodaten in Deutschland zukünftig hinsichtlich der Lage in dem Koordinatenreferenzsystem ETRS89/UTM und bezüglich der Gebrauchshöhen als Normalhöhen im DHHN2016 vor. Bei dem Einbezug von Geobasisdaten in die Planung von Bauvorhaben sowie der Umsetzung einer Planung in die Örtlichkeit müssen die sich ergebenden Konsequenzen beachtet und anhand der dargelegten Zusammenhänge berücksichtigt werden.
Wie realistisch sind Berechnungen in der Geotechnik?/How realistic are computations in geotechnical engineering?
Authors: Kolymbas Dimitrios
Published: March 2021

Nach Erörterung der Grundlagen von geotechnischen Berechnungen wird auf die Frage eingegangen, ob wir wirklich alles berechnen können und sollten. Ferner wird untersucht, inwiefern wir die Treffsicherheit unserer Berechnungen erfassen können, was sind die noch offenen Fragen, was kann/soll die Forschung noch leisten und was sollten wir noch auf diesem Gebiet anstreben?
Nachhaltige Hydrauliköle
Authors: Janz Reinhard , Gaule Gerhard
Published: March 2021

Es ist inzwischen Standard, Maschinen, die in Wäldern oder an Gewässern eingesetzt werden, mit biologisch abbaubaren Schmierstoffen zu betreiben. Diese können das Umweltzeichen Blauer Engel tragen. Doch nach den Vergabekriterien wird derzeit keine Prüfung zur Abbaubarkeit des Gesamtprodukts gefordert.
Energieeffiziente Bauteiltrocknung durch Abwärmenutzung/Energy efficient parts drying through waste heat utilization – Integrated thermal planning of a throughput cleaning machine for internal waste heat utilization
Authors: Elserafi Ghada , Borst Fabian , von Hayn Adrian , Schmitt Stefan , Weigold Matthias
Published: March 2021

Im Rahmen des Projekts LoTuS wird die Bauteiltrocknung untersucht und hinsichtlich der Energieeffizienz optimiert. Zu diesem Zweck wird eine energieeffiziente Durchlaufreinigungsanlage als Forschungsanlage entwickelt und in Betrieb genommen. Zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz wird eine Wärmerückgewinnung aus verschiedenen Anlagenkomponenten und deren Nutzung in maschineninternen Prozessen untersucht. Hierzu werden verschiedene Abwärmenutzungskonzepte simuliert und bewertet, um diese bereits bei der Anlagenkonstruktion zu berücksichtigen.

 

The objective of the LoTuS project is to investigate and optimize parts drying, including the development and construction of a throughput cleaning machine as a research prototype. To increase energy efficiency, the waste heat of various machine components as well as their utilization in internal machine processes are examined. Different waste utilization schemes are simulated and assessed and then considered during machine construction.
Problems Of Conservation Of Natural Populations Of Сapparis Spinosal In Uzbekistan
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute Of Karakul Breeding And Desert Ecology, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Murodovich Ergashev Shavkat , Abdullo Rabbimov ,   Scientific Research Institute Of Karakul Breeding And Desert Ecology, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Published: March 2021

The article provides information on the current state of exploitation of natural resources of Capparis spinosa L. in Uzbekistan, some results of ongoing research on the introduction of this plant into cultivation in order to create industrial plantations.
Problems Of Informatization Of Management Of Agricultural Industry And Modeling Of Agriconomic System In A Market Economy
Authors:   Researcher Karshi Engineering-Economical Institute, Uzbekistan, Juraev Farrukh Do’stmirzayevich
Published: March 2021

The article describes the importance and relevance of macroeconomic modeling in the development of economic sectors. The problems of applying the methods of macroeconomic modeling (both optimization and simulation) in the practice of planning and managing the national economy are analyzed.
International Organizations Aimed At Environmental Conservation
Authors:   Assistant Of The Department Of Life Safet, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Uzbekistan, Mahamadsaidovich Xolmirzayev Yusufali
Published: March 2021

Since the last century concerns over environmental issues have aroused enormously. The rise of technology and advances in industry and mass production is causing irreversible damage to the environment. The mankind is to blame for the extinction of many species and the threats to the nature. In such a scenario it is important to take immediate actions to reshape and maintain the ecobalance on an international scale.
The Role Of Biomass In Saving Natural Resources
Authors:   Lecturer Department Of Ecology, Fergana State University, Uzbekistan, Fergana City, Gaybullaeva Madina Furqatovna
Published: March 2021

Biomass is total mass of all living organisms living on Earth. It is very difficult to calculate the biomass of the earth in exact numbers. However, it is estimated that there are 1.7 trillion tons of living biomass on Earth today.
Medicinal Plants - Big Plantago (Planto Major)
Authors:   Bukhara State University, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, Usmonova Gulshod Ibrohimovna , Ochilova Gulruxsor Azamatovna ,   Student Bukhara State University, Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Published: March 2021

The article provides information about the botanical classification, composition, medicinal properties and collection procedures of the medicinal plant - the- Big Plantago
Features Of The Use Of Antioxidant Drugs In The Treatment Of Psoriatic Disease
Authors:   Assistants Of The Department Of Skin And Venereal Diseases Of The Samarkand State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Kurbonalievich Akhmedov Shavkat , Anvarovich Oripov Rustam ,   Assistants Of The Department Of Skin And Venereal Diseases Of The Samarkand State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Fayozjonovich Ashirov Zohijon ,   Assistants Of The Department Of Skin And Venereal Diseases Of The Samarkand State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Matyakubovna Nuralieva Rano ,   Assistants Of The Department Of Clinical Pharmacology, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Mukhammadievich Haydarov Musomiddin ,   Assistants Of The Department Of Clinical Pharmacology, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Published: March 2021

Psoriasis is a chronic non-infectious disease of a multifactorial nature, which often occurs in the form of rashes and peeling of the skin. Psoriasis occupies a significant share in the dermatological structure of diseases at the present time. [1, 2]. Despite the numerous scientific studies conducted by scientists in many countries regarding the etiology, pathogenesis, clinic and treatment of psoriasis, there is still a question about the main cause of the disease.In a significant number of patients with psoriasis, lesions of the nervous system, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal pathology, pathology of the genitourinary system, as well as, often with damage to the articular systems of the skeleton together with disorders of the immune system, were revealed. All this indicates the multifactorial nature of the disease. In this regard, the search for optimal drugs that would affect several pathogenetic links of the disease is currently underway. [3, 4,]. Therefore, today, we consider this issue relevant.
Research On Cultivation Of Medicinal Plants
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute ", Rabbimov Abdullo ,   Oriental Medicine",   , Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Achilova Shirin ,   Scientific Research Institute "Oriental Medicine", Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Azimova Dilora ,   Scientific Research Institute "Oriental Medicine", Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Published: March 2021

The article describes the results of research on the cultivation of Ferula assa-foetida L. plant, one of the valuable medicinal plant species. It was found that the seeds of Ferula assa-foetida L. plant have good germination properties in laboratory and field conditions, and it is possible to establish its industrial plantations by sowing the seeds.
Diagnosis Of Focal Formations Of The Thyroid Gland With The Use Of Complex Of Methods
Authors:   MD, DSc, Professor, Head Of The Department Course Of Ultrasound Diagnostics Of The Department ", Mamadalieva Yashnar Mamasalievna ,   Oncology With A Course Of Ultrasound Diagnostics",   Center For Professional Development Of Medical Workers Of The Ministry Of Health Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Pulatova Iroda Zokirkhodzhaevna ,   PhD Associate Professor Of The Course Of Ultrasound Diagnostics Of The Department "Oncology With A Course Of Ultrasound Diagnostics" Center For Professional Development Of Medical Workers Of The Ministry Of Health Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Khushnazarov Khasan Khalikovich ,   Lecturer Of The Course Of Ultrasound Diagnostics Of The Department "Oncology With A Course Of Ultrasound Diagnostics" Center For Professional Development Of Medical Workers Of The Ministry Of Health Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Abdukodirova Makhfuza Botirovna ,   Ultrasound Doctor, Private Clinic "MEDFAYTEM" Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: March 2021

The research paper presents the results of diagnosis and treatment of 82 patients with focal thyroid masses. Based on a complex study of patients, main specific diagnostic criteria were determined, the use of which allows to detect thyroid cancer in their early stages. It was educed, that multiself-reactance ultrasonic research, including В-mode, EDC, DDC, spectral Doppler and elastography assist upgrading of research in the early exposure of chasse of thyroid.
Assessment Of Clinical And Psychological Status And Quality Of Life Of Patients In Different Forms Of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors:   Urgench Branch Of The Tashkent Medical Academy, Khorezm, Uzbekistan, R.B. Abdullayev , L.I. Makhmudova ,   Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Published: March 2021

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a biopsychosocial disorder that consists of a set of functional disorders that cannot be explained by organic changes in the intestines. At present, it is very important to determine the indicators of quality of life (QOL) in patients with various diseases. QOL analysis allows us to determine how well a patient is coping with the disease, and is also important for addressing many of the issues that arise during treatment. The main complaints of patients were fecal incontinence (100%) and pain syndrome (100%). In patients with IBS with predominance of diarrhea and constipation, the leading symptom in the clinical picture of the disease is pain throughout the bowel, which decreases or disappears after defecation, accompanied by flatulence and a feeling of complete bowel emptying. ± 0.25 points (according to the results of the GSRS survey), which corresponds to severe and moderate intensity pain syndrome. At the end of the course of treatment, a statistically significant decrease in the intensity of abdominal pain was observed in patients.
On The Issue Of The Formation Of The Rural Settlement Of Sogd
Authors:   Junior Researcher National Archaeological Center Of The Academy Of Sciences Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Rakhmonov H.O. , Makhkamova N.A. ,   Junior Researcher National Archaeological Center Of The Academy Of Sciences Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan
Published: March 2021

This article describes the influence of nomadic pastoral peoples on the emergence of rural areas in Sughd. The article provides a brief analysis of pottery samples found in tombs in Sughd and the impact of steppe culture on pottery.
Caravanserais On The Great Silk Road And Their Archeological Site
Authors:   Lecturer, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Polvonov Jaloliddin
Published: March 2021

Today, ancient caravanserais have been discovered in the Middle East, Turkey and Iran, and archaeologists believe that there were no pre-Islamic caravanserais in Central Asia. Khmelnitsky argues that "Central Asia in the pre-Islamic period consisted of small, scattered possessions, while the Sassanids tried to explain Iran as a widely centralized state." one of the largest historical and cultural countries and of Central Asia, in which the information on the formation and development of the Carvansarai and their archeological statements, as well as how was its services.
Ecological Tourism In Uzbekistan
Authors:   Senior Lecturer, Department Philosophy And National Idea Samarkand State University Samarkand City, Uzbekistan, Khashimov Sherakhon Jurakhonovich
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the theoretical and practical issues of ecological tourism in Uzbekistan, its development strategies and problems, legal basis, development trends and factors affecting it. Issues of management and development of the potential of ecological tourism resources in Uzbekistan, formation of the infrastructure of ecological tourism, strengthening its legal framework were analyzed. Information was also given about the rich ecotouristic facilities of Uzbekistan and the work carried out in the field of their improvement.
The Great Silk Road The Historical Basis For The Development Of National Tourism In Uzbekistan
Authors:   Doctor Of Philosophical Science, Professor Department Philosophy And National Idea Samarkand State University, Samarkand City, Uzbekistan, Yaxshilikov Juraboy Yaxshilikovich
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the restoration of Great Silk Road traditions during the development of national tourism in Uzbekistan. The Great Silk Road is of great importance in the emergence and development of economic, political, cultural and spiritual relations between the countries of the East and the West, and today the traditions of the Great Silk Road are being restored with the adoption of programs "One belt -one way", "TRACECA" in New conditions. The restoration of the Great Silk Road traditions has a positive impact on the development of national tourism in Uzbekistan. Great attention is paid to the formation of the infrastructure of tourism in Uzbekistan, ensuring safe tourism. All necessary conditions are created for tourists. The article also focuses on these issues
Cotton Production Development In Bukhara Emirate During The Late XIX – Early XX Centuries
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department Of “Archeology”, National University Of Uzbekistan Named After Mirzo Ulugbek, Ochildiev Fayzulla
Published: March 2021

This article highlights such problems as the development of agriculture and cotton growing in the Bukhara Emirate at the end of the XX century; the policy of the Russian Empire of cotton growing after the conquest of the Bukhara Emirate; construction of the first cotton processing plants in the Bukhara emirate, as well as the expansion of land for growing cotton; leasing of a large number of Emirate lands as a result of the increased demand for cotton by the Russian Empire.
The geochemistry of Lower Palaeozoic sediments deposited on the margins of Baltica
Authors: Schovsbo Niels H.
Published: March 2021

A regional survey of the geochemical composition of Lower Palaeozoic shales deposited on Baltica indicates that Llanvirn (Lower/Middle Ordovician) to Lower Silurian shales have higher concentrations of Na, Mg, Cr, Ni and Fe and lower concentrations of K, Rb and Ti compared to Arenig shales. This geochemical signature can be traced from Scania to the Oslo Region, i.e. in areas approximately 500 km apart, but is not present in Middle Ordovician sediments from Avalonia. The geochemical signature matches island arc tholeiites such as those in the Fundsjø Group within the Upper Allochthon of the Norwegian-Swedish Caledonides. Hence, these sediments were probably predominantly derived from island arcs formed during the end phase of closure of the Iapetus Ocean. Simple two component mixing calculations between oceanic and continental sediment sources suggest that the oceanic component diminishes towards the south where modifications related to longer sediment transport distances can be recognised. The introduction of sediment derived from island arcs coincides with increases in subsidence rates in the Oslo Region and may reflect an early stage in foreland basin development. The presence of the geochemical signature in Scania implies that island arcs systems were geographically widespread. The combined evidence indicates that the Arenig/Llanvirn boundary marks an important change in the continuing closure of the Iapetus Ocean. The data suggest that island arcs were obducted onto the outer margins of Baltica presumably during the Arenig. Continued obduction of island arcs in the Mid Ordovician and younger intervals is likely.
Isotopic evidence for the age of the Røde Ø Conglomerate, inner Scoresby Sund, East Greenland
Authors: Stemmerik Lars , Piasecki Stefan
Published: March 2021

On the basis of sulphur and strontium isotope data of sedimentary gypsum it is suggested that the Røde Ø Conglomerate at C. Hofmann Halvø, East Greenland was deposited during the mid to late Permian. The δ34S values of +11.4\\\\\\‰ and +11.9\\\\\\‰ are comparable to late Permian seawater values whereas 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7188137 and 0.7191609 indicate the influence of freshwater. This proposed mid to late Permian age for the Røde Ø Conglomerate makes it an equivalent to the Huledal Formation in the Jameson Land – East Greenland basins to the north-east.
Clay content of a clayeydiatomite, the Early Eocene Fur Formation, Denmark
Authors: Pedersen Gunver Krarup , Pedersen Stig A. Schack , Steffensen Jacob , Pedersen Christian Schack
Published: March 2021

The Early Eocene Fur Formation is a clayey diatomite interbedded with layers of volcanic ash. The diatomite is non-calcareous, laminated or structureless, and thin sections show that the proportion of clay-sized particles to diatom frustules varies between laminae. The clay mineral phase has been isolated and its chemical composition has been determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Clay mineralogical analyses based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that the dominant phase is smectite. A general formula for the clay mineral phase is: X0.1K0.2(Mg0.3Fe(III)0.3–0.7Al1.1–1.4)Si4O10(OH)2.The investigation indicates that the clayey diatomite of the Fur Formation comprises three components: diatom frustules, clay minerals and volcanic dust. The chemical compositions of bulk samples have been determined. The clay mineral content is calculated to be 30–45% (by weight). Volcanic dust constitutes c. 10% of the diatomite, and the rest is diatoms (opal-A). The diatom frustules contain some Al2O3 that is either of primary or diagenetic origin.
Copper/Graphene Based Materials Nanocomposites and Their Antibacterial Study: A Mini Review
Authors: Ismail Nur ‘Afini , Shameli Kamyar , Rasit Ali Roshafima , Mohamad Sukri Siti Nur Amalina , Mohamed Isa Eleen Dayana
Published: March 2021

Due to their biocidal activity properties, graphene based materials have been widely studied especially in biomedical, agriculture and water treatment process which focus on mitigating the microbial resistance problem. However, the antibacterial performance of these materials alone are relatively weak and need to be improved in order to enhance their biological activity. Copper nanoparticles is a low cost metal also has the antibacterial properties which is almost similar with the silver and gold nanoparticles. The combination of these two materials had produced to a new potential material as another alternative for the antibacterial agents. Therefore, in this work, a brief review of copper/graphene based material nanocomposites and their antibacterial study was discussed.
Bio-Mediated Production and Characterisation of Magnetic Nanoparticles Using Fruit Peel Extract
Authors: Yusefi Mostafa , Su Yee Ong , Shameli Kamyar
Published: March 2021

The overwhelming request for nanodevices and heat flow developments has led to consider magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a new dawn to the sophisticated nanotechnology in a sustainable manner. This research presented a facile production of Fe3O4 nanoparticles using co-precipitation method and the extract of Garcinia Mangostana fruit peel waste as a green stabilizer and capping agent. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) planes of the synthesized nanoparticles showed the formation of magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles with good crystallinity. Based on the image of field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), the diameter of the nanoparticles was estimated to be 69.14±2.87 nm as was coated by the extract. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles presented an acceptable magnetization value of 51.17 emu/g. From the analysis of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the phenolic compounds and other functional groups of the extract had interactions with the Fe ions to successfully synthesize the nanoparticles. The green synthesized Fe3O4 nanofluids showed small hydrodynamic size of 145.80±3.14 and high zeta potential value of -30.5±1.82 mV. This study, thus, showed that the extract of Garcinia Mangostana fruit peel waste can serve as a bio-stabilizer and capping agent to enhance physiochemical properties and colloidal stability of the Fe3O4 nanofluids with an environmentally-friendly manner and low cost for modern applications.
Research on Intelligent Control System of Thermal Print Head Based on FPGA
Authors: Xu Yang , Wang Sheng , Peng Ying , Haner Matthew
Published: March 2021

Thermal print head heating realtime temperature fluctuations are too large, often causing damage to the print head heating point, resulting in poor print quality and unsatisfactory print results. Therefore, in order to improve the stability of the thermal print head during printing, and at the same time solve the inefficiency of the traditional single chip microcomputer control of the thermal print head heating method, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) based thermal print head heating control method is proposed. In order to control the core, the intelligent fuzzy PID control algorithm is used to ensure that the temperature of the print head can be stabilized quickly. Through simulation and experimental verification, it is shown that the intelligent fuzzy PID control algorithm greatly improves the temperature stabilization effect, and the time required to reach stability short, not only improve the printing accuracy, but also extend the life of the print head.
Heavy Double Neutron Stars: Birth, Midlife, and Death
Authors: Galaudage Shanika , Adamcewicz Christian , Zhu Xing-Jiang , Stevenson Simon , Thrane Eric
Published: March 2021

Radio pulsar observations probe the lives of Galactic double neutron star (DNS) systems while gravitational waves enable us to study extragalactic DNS in their final moments. By combining measurements from radio and gravitational-wave astronomy, we seek to gain a more complete understanding of DNS from formation to merger. We analyze the recent gravitational-wave binary neutron star mergers GW170817 and GW190425 in the context of other DNS known from radio astronomy. By employing a model for the birth and evolution of DNS, we measure the mass distribution of DNS at birth, at midlife (in the radio), and at death (in gravitational waves). We consider the hypothesis that the high-mass gravitational-wave event GW190425 is part of a subpopulation formed through unstable case BB mass transfer, which quickly merge in ∼10–100 Myr. We find only mild evidence to support this hypothesis and that GW190425 is not a clear outlier from the radio population as previously claimed. If there are fast-merging binaries, we estimate that they constitute 8%–79% of DNS at birth (90% credibility). We estimate the typical delay time between the birth and death of fast-merging binaries to be ≈5–401 Myr (90% credibility). We discuss the implications for radio and gravitational-wave astronomy.
Jupiter as an Exoplanet: Insights from Cassini Phase Curves
Authors: Heng Kevin , Li Liming
Published: March 2021

Due to its proximity to Earth, Jupiter of the solar system serves as a unique case study for gas-giant exoplanets. In the current Letter, we perform fits of ab initio, reflective, semi-infinite, homogeneous model atmospheres to 61 phase curves from 0.40 to 1.00 μm, obtained from the Cassini spacecraft, within a Bayesian framework. We reproduce the previous finding that atmospheric models using classic reflection laws (Lambertian, Rayleigh, single Henyey–Greenstein) provide poor fits to the data. Using the double Henyey–Greenstein reflection law, we extract posterior distributions of the single-scattering albedo and scattering asymmetry factors and tabulate their median values and uncertainties. We infer that the aerosols in the Jovian atmosphere are large, irregular, polydisperse particles that produce strong forward scattering together with a narrow backscattering lobe. The near-unity values of the single-scattering albedos imply that multiple scattering of radiation is an important effect. We speculate that the observed narrow backscattering lobe is caused by coherent backscattering of radiation, which is usually associated with solar system bodies with solid surfaces and regolith. Our findings demonstrate that precise, multiwavelength phase curves encode valuable information on the fundamental properties of cloud/haze particles. The method described in this Letter enables single-scattering albedos and scattering asymmetry factors to be retrieved from James Webb Space Telescope phase curves of exoplanets.
First Star Formation in the Presence of Primordial Magnetic Fields
Authors: Koh Daegene , Abel Tom , Jedamzik Karsten
Published: March 2021

It has been recently claimed that primordial magnetic fields could relieve the cosmological Hubble tension. Fields of sufficient strength to relieve this tension would result in a magnetic field whose Alfvén velocity, v

a
, is comparable to the speed of sound, c

s
, at the start of structure formation. We consider the impact of such fields on the formation of the first cosmological objects, minihalos (<106
M
⊙), forming stars with zoom-in cosmological simulations tracking a single such minihalo. We seed each simulation with present-day field strengths of 2 × 10−12–2 × 10−10 G corresponding to initial ratios of Alfvén velocity to the speed of sound of v

a
/c

s
≈ 0.03−3. We find that when v

a
/c

s
≪1, the effects are modest. However, when v

a
∼ c

s
, the starting time of the gravitational collapse is delayed and the duration extended as much as by Δz = 2.5 in redshift. When v

a
> c

s
, the collapse is completely suppressed and the minihalos continue to grow and are unlikely to collapse until reaching the atomic cooling limit. Employing current observational limits on primordial magnetic fields we conclude that inflationary-produced primordial magnetic fields could have a significant impact on first star formation.
The Protease Inhibitor Lopinavir, Boosted with Ritonavir, as Treatment for COVID-19: A Rapid Review
Authors: Dorward Jienchi , Gbinigie Oghenekome , Cai Ting , Roberts Nia W , Garrett Nigel , Hayward Gail , Butler Christopher C
Published: March 2021

Background

The HIV protease inhibitor lopinavir, boosted with ritonavir, has been used off-label to treat COVID-19. We aimed to synthesize the clinical evidence for lopinavir/ ritonavir as a treatment for COVID-19.

Methods

We performed a rapid review by searching databases including PubMed, GoogleScholar, medRxiv, ClinicalTrials.gov and the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, for COVID-19 studies comparing outcomes between patients who did and did not receive lopinavir/ritonavir. The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE criteria.

Results

We identified five completed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 14 retrospective cohort studies. Two large RCTs of 5,040 and 2,771 hospitalized adults with COVID-19 found no evidence that lopinavir/ritonavir influenced the primary outcome of mortality, or secondary outcomes including progression to mechanical ventilation or time to discharge. Results remained similar in all subgroup analyses including by age, gender, baseline ventilation and time since symptom onset. The three smaller RCTs ( n=86–199) also found no evidence of a benefit in the primary outcomes of time to clinical improvement or time to viral clearance. The 14 observational studies included between 50 and 415 participants, and were limited by a lack of adjustment for potential confounding variables. The majority of these studies found no evidence that lopinavir/ritonavir was associated with improved mortality or other clinical outcomes, although results regarding viral clearance were mixed.

Conclusions

Good evidence from large clinical trials does not support using lopinavir/ritonavir to treat COVID-19 amongst hospitalized patients.
Antiviral Activity of 1,4-Disubstituted-1,2,3-Triazoles against HSV-1 in vitro
Authors: Viegas Daiane J , da Silva Verônica D , Buarque Camilla D , Bloom David C , Abreu Paula A
Published: March 2021

Background

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) affects a large part of the adult population. Anti-HSV-1 drugs, such as acyclovir, target thymidine kinase and viral DNA polymerase. However, the emerging of resistance of HSV-1 alerts for the urgency in developing new antivirals with other therapeutic targets. Thus, this study evaluated a series of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives against HSV-1 acute infection and provided deeper insights into the possible mechanisms of action.

Methods

Human fibroblast cells (HFL-1) were infected with HSV-1 17 syn+ and treated with the triazole compounds at 50 μM for 24 h. The 50% effective drug concentration (EC50) was determined for the active compounds. Their cytotoxicity was also evaluated in HFL-1 with the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) determined using CellTiter-Glo® solution. The most promising compounds were evaluated by virucidal activity and influence on virus egress, DNA replication and transcription, and effect on an acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 strain.

Results

Compounds 3 ( (E)-4-methyl-N′-(2-(4-(phenoxymethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol1yl)benzylidene)benzenesulfonohydrazide) and 4 ( 2,2′-(4,4′-((1,3-phenylenebis(oxy))bis(methylene))bis(1H-1,2,3-triazole-4,1 diyl)) dibenzaldehyde) were the most promising, with an EC50 of 16 and 21 μM and CC50 of 285 and 2,593 μM, respectively. Compound 3 was able to inhibit acyclovir-resistant strain replication and to interfere with virus egress. Both compounds did not affect viral DNA replication, but inhibited significantly the expression of ICP0, ICP4 and gC. Compound 4 also affected the transcription of UL30 and ICP34.5.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrated that these compounds are promising antiviral candidates with different mechanisms of action from acyclovir and further studies are merited.
The Workplace Stress and its Related Factors among Indonesian Academic Staff
Authors: Lestari Nina Dwi , Rizkiyah Nur
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Work stress has severe implications for employee health and the economy. It not only increases anxiety and depression but it also leads to an estimated 50% increase in the risk of heart disease, significant economic consequences, partly through the costs to employers of sickness, absence, and the costs to wider society of treating the health illness. It is essential for the nurse to identify the risk factors related to work stress and to make possible ways of reducing it.
AIM: This study aims to determine the factors associated with work stress in academic staff. The samples were 76 academic staffs at Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.
METHODS: The samples were taken by simple random sampling technique. The instrument used was a work stress questionnaire from National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health that had been modified and a stress factor questionnaire. The analysis statistic was used Spearman rank.
RESULTS: This study showed that most respondents had a moderate work stress level (72.4%). The factors affecting work stress were the length of work (p = 0.002), the role of individuals in the organization (p = 0.026), career development (p = 0.027), and relations in the organization (p = 0.03).
CONCLUSION: There was no relationship between working hours with the work stress level (p = 0.148). It needs more reliable monitoring of stress levels and improvements in work organization to reduce stress risks as far as possible, by improvements in job design, forms of support, and higher levels of employee involvement.
Hypera temperei Hoffmann, 1958 – first discovery of the western alpine element in the Swiss Alps with biological details, and new morphological insights (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: Germann Christoph
Published: March 2021

Since its description based on a single female from the Maritime Alps in France, no other localities of this enigmatic alpine species have become public. In a scree slope in the Valais at high montane altitudeHypera tempereiHoffmann, 1958 was discovered for the first time elsewhere, in Switzerland. The species’ biology is unravelled, its habitat is described, and photographs of the male, larvae and pupa are presented. The re-investigation of the species morphology revealed thatHypera tempereiis closest toH. postica(Gyllenhal, 1813), and not toH. viciae(Gyllenhal, 1813) as previously supposed. A revision of specimens in collections revealed thatH. tempereiis distributed even more eastern in the alpine Arc in Grisons at high montane to high alpine altitudes. Hence the species shows a considerably wider distribution in the Alps than supposed before.
An annotated list of the reptiles of the highland grassland of Tandilia Mountains, Argentina
Authors: Vera David Gustavo , Di Pietro Diego Omar , Tettamanti Germán , Eirin Manuel , Falasco Clara Trofino , Aranguren María Florencia , Williams Jorge Daniel , Kacoliris Federico Pablo , Berkunsky Igor
Published: March 2021

The study of biodiversity is a fundamental step to develop conservation strategies. Reptile populations are immersed in a global crisis, due to anthropic disturbances. Almost the entire Pampa ecoregion in Argentina was modified for agricultural and livestock activities, the only remnants of mountain native grasslands in Buenos Aires province being the Tandilia and Ventania mountain systems. Ventania reptiles have been exhaustively researched in last years, while Tandilia counts with fewer studies. We presented an actualized reptiles list of the Tandilia Mountain System. We used five data sources to collect presence records: literature, fieldwork, museum collection, citizen science, and a online database. The composition of reptiles from the Tandilia Mountain range includes 26 species in 12 families. Due to the presence of several endemic reptiles, and the representativeness of more than half of the reptiles of Pampa Ecoregion, Tandilia would be useful to determine conservation priority areas to conserve the native grassland and their reptile fauna.
DNA barcoding and morphology reveal a new cryptic species of Nagiella (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae) from Japan
Authors: Matsui Yuki , Naka Hideshi , Jinbo Utsugi
Published: March 2021

Nagiella tristalis Matsui & Naka, sp. nov. is described from Japan, based on DNA barcoding and morphological evidence. The two species previously known from Japan, N. quadrimaculalis and N. inferior, are diagnosed. Photographs of adults, including male and female genitalia of the three species, are provided.
Marxisme orthodoxe ou marxisme occidental ? La réception de Lukács en France dans les années 1940 et 1950
Authors: Bouffard Alix , Feron Alexandre
Published: March 2021

En France, Lukács est considéré aussi bien comme un représentant de l’orthodoxie marxiste que comme un auteur subversif fondateur de la tradition du marxisme hétérodoxe. Cet article revient sur la genèse de cette appréciation ambivalente, qui trouve ses sources dans les années 1940 et 1950. C’est durant ces années que s’élaborent les cadres et présupposés de la réception française de son œuvre, à travers une série d’épisodes dont les enjeux sont à la fois théoriques, éditoriaux et politiques : l’intervention de Lukács en France dans la bataille idéologique de la Guerre froide en 1948-1949 et sa polémique menée avec l’existentialisme français, l’éclatement international de « l’affaire Lukács » en 1949-1950 et ses retombées hexagonales, enfin le changement de statut de Lukács au cours des années 1950.
La Révolution française dans l’œuvre de Lukács
Authors: Roza Stéphanie
Published: March 2021

Cet article porte sur les enjeux de l’émergence de la Révolution française comme moment de rupture fondatrice dans l’œuvre du second Lukács, à partir des années 1930. Ce prisme permet de reconsidérer ce qui est généralement présenté comme le tournant stalinien de l’auteur. Lukács voit dans les prises de position à l’égard de la Révolution française le révélateur de lignes de fracture philosophiques, esthétiques et idéologiques majeures du monde moderne. Sur cette base, il élabore une lecture marxiste hétérodoxe du champ intellectuel comme lieu d’affrontement entre irrationalisme et rationalisme, romantisme et réalisme. Cette réinterprétation n’est pas sans conséquences politiques : elle justifie une ligne qu’on peut qualifier de marxiste humaniste, qui implique une critique des travers du stalinisme.
Peut-on défendre une ontologie sociale réaliste ? Le réalisme de Georg Lukács au prisme du constructivisme searlien
Authors: Farjat Juliette
Published: March 2021

Cet article analyse la position réaliste de Lukács en ontologie sociale, à partir d’une comparaison avec la perspective ontologique de John Searle. Relevant de traditions théoriques que tout oppose, ces deux ontologies se rejoignent sur trois points : elles se proposent d’appréhender le social d’un point de vue ontologique ; l’enquête ontologique elle-même est conçue par les deux auteurs comme une enquête de type génétique ; et chacune de ces approches octroie une place décisive au langage dans la définition de la réalité sociale. Ce dernier point détermine la différence entre le constructivisme de Searle et le réalisme de Lukács. Pour l’un, la réalité sociale suppose le langage, pour le second le langage suppose la réalité sociale, et plus précisément le travail. On évalue chacune de ces positions au regard de l’autre, pour faire apparaître les difficultés que peuvent faire émerger les approches génétiques du social.
« Cette continuité souterraine ne sera jamais brisée ». Retours sur l’histoire de l’URSS et la nature actuelle de la Russie
Authors: Marie Jean-Jacques , Ducange Jean-Numa
Published: March 2021

Cet entretien revient sur l’histoire des oppositions de gauche en URSS (notamment trotskystes, mais pas uniquement) et sur l’évolution actuelle de la Russie post-soviétique. Il critique les approches considérant l’URSS comme un « capitalisme d’État » et analyse les transformations à l’œuvre de la Russie contemporaine, notamment en terme de rapports de propriété. La nomenklatura joue un rôle contradictoire, tenant à conserver le contrôle de l’État tout en impulsant une vague de privatisations sous pression internationale.
Penser le capitalisme global : multiplication du travail, opérations du capital et contre-pouvoirs
Authors: Gallo Lassere Davide
Published: March 2021

Cet article vise à contribuer à l’élaboration d’une théorie critique du capitalisme global. Il s’appuie pour ce faire, d’une part, sur une relecture serrée des deux ouvrages cosignés par Sandro Mezzadra et Brett Neilson, La Frontière comme méthode (2013) et The Politics of Operations (2019). Il esquisse d’autre part un diagnostic historique de la séquence enclenchée par la crise de 2008. L’article se développe en trois temps, l’un sur le « multivers capitaliste », où sont considérées les dimensions spatio-temporelles de la dynamique capitaliste, le second de critique de la violence politique nécessaire à la reproduction élargie du capital, le troisième ouvrant sur des problèmes de stratégie politique sous le prisme d’une reproblématisation actualisée des « soviets » et du « double pouvoir ».
Précarité étudiante : vers l’autonomie sociale des jeunes ?
Authors: Sèze Benjamin
Published: March 2021

Privés de petits boulots et parfois du soutien de leurs familles, elles-mêmes en difficultés, des milliers d’étudiants se sont manifestés pendant le confinement auprès des services sociaux et des associations de solidarité. L’image de ces jeunes faisant la queue au printemps et à l’automne lors de distributions alimentaires traduit un problème plus profond de précarité structurelle chez cette population et au sein de la jeunesse en général.
Le capitalisme est-il réformable ?
Authors: Giraud Gaël , Piketty Thomas
Published: March 2021

Dans le cadre d’un partenariat avec l’institut Rousseau, la revue Études a réuni les économistes Gaël Giraud et Thomas Piketty pour débattre sur leurs critiques du capitalisme et mieux discerner leurs points de désaccord. Nous leur avons soumis ces questions : dans le contexte actuel de menace de désastre écologique et social, le capitalisme est-il réformable ? Quelles sont vos propositions respectives ? Deux thèmes principaux ont été abordés : le traitement des inégalités et la critique de la sacralisation de la propriété privée.
George Orwell, l’homme qui aimait la surface de la Terre
Authors: Koller Sylvie
Published: March 2021

L’entrée de George Orwell dans la « Bibliothèque de la Pléiade » consacre un auteur dont conservateurs et progressistes se disputent aujourd’hui l’héritage. Alors que son œuvre est souvent réduite à l’analyse de la société de surveillance numérique ( 1984 ) ou au décryptage du totalitarisme ( La ferme des animaux ), cet article permet de découvrir un auteur également visionnaire sur les questions écologiques et de pauvreté.
Quelques réflexions sur les dispositifs à distance en psychanalyse/psychothérapie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent et dans les entretiens familiaux
Authors: Desmarez Christine , Franckx Christine , Bogliatto Katy
Published: March 2021

Cet article est le fruit d’un travail de réflexion commun d’un petit groupe de cliniciens de la Société Belge de Psychanalyse (SBP/IPA), engagés dans la clinique infanto-juvénile. Ces cliniciens ont éprouvé le besoin d’échanger sur leur pratique et la nécessaire adaptation de leurs dispositifs de soins pendant toute la période de crise liée à la Covid-19. Ce groupe s’est mis en place pour aider les participants à élaborer sans être eux-mêmes pris dans des processus de deliaison de la pensée. La poursuite de la crise implique de nouvelles adaptations de cadre. Les potentialités de ces processus analytiques à distance continuent à nous interpeler. Il sera essentiel que nous puissions prendre très profondément en compte l’impact de ces dispositifs sur la relation transféro-contre-transférentielle, sur la réalité psychique et sur l’intimité de ce que nous avons partagé avec l’enfant, l’adolescent et sa famille au cours de ces séances virtuelles.
Gouvernance mondiale : un seul pilier ne fait pas la maison
Authors: Mushikiwabo Louise
Published: March 2021

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide, le système international est unipolaire, dominé par les États-Unis. La pandémie de COVID-19 accélère une période de transition instable vers un monde multipolaire. Cette évolution ne serait un progrès pour l’humanité que si quatre conditions étaient remplies : développer la diversité linguistique et culturelle ; renforcer et rénover le multilatéralisme ; poursuivre la diffusion du modèle démocratique ; œuvrer au rapprochement de l’Europe et de l’Afrique.
L’armée nigérianne et Boko Haram : les « supercamps » peuvent-ils tenir le statu quo ?
Authors: Zenn Jacob , Tarpinian Cécile
Published: March 2021

Depuis 10 ans, l’affrontement entre Boko Haram et l’État nigérian a connu plusieurs phases. Dans la dernière, à partir de 2019, l’armée nigériane s’est retranchée dans une vingtaine de supercamps, projetant tout autour ses attaques aériennes contre les diverses factions insurgées. Le conflit apparaît ainsi bloqué, mais sans doute au profit des insurgés, qui étendent leur emprise territoriale et sur les populations, en l’absence de perspective de solution politique.
Besoins et perspectives de l’augmentation des capacités du combattant
Authors: Barrera Bernard
Published: March 2021

Depuis que la guerre existe, l’homme a pour ambition d’augmenter les capacités du soldat. Mais aujourd’hui – peut-être pour la première fois dans l’histoire –, l’homme peut espérer réaliser cette ambition : alors que la guerre revient frapper aux portes, le soldat apparaît comme le maillon faible. Exposé à des sollicitations extrêmes, ce dernier demande légitimement à être consolidé. Ce sera probablement l’une des conditions de la victoire.
Perspective historique sur les augmentations du combattant, l’exemple des amphétamines
Authors: Nouvel Pascal
Published: March 2021

Tous les soldats sont « augmentés » mais ne le sont pas de la même façon. Les divers types d’augmentation sont soit externes ou soit internes. On s’intéresse ici, de façon plus approfondie, à l’une de ces dernières : l’augmentation produite par les amphétamines. L’analyse de l’usage de ces produits conduit à s’interroger sur les normes et sur l’éthique militaire.
Augmentations du combattant : une expression de besoin fondé sur un vécu opérationnel
Authors: Maynié Louis-Joseph , Rubino Jean-Thomas
Published: March 2021

Fondée sur deux scénarios narrant le quotidien de soldats en opération, on trouve ici une approche pragmatique des besoins de nos hommes et femmes lors de leur projection dans des contextes difficiles. Les récits imaginés servent d’argumentation préalable aux besoins en augmentation des combattants qui en découlent.