bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Surrounding Rock Damage of Deep Hard Rock Tunnels Caused by Bottom Excavation
Authors: Wang Zhen , Tang Chu Nan , Ma Tian Hui , Li Lian Chong , Yang Yue Feng
Published: June 2012

The damage features of surrounding rock in the process of bottom excavation in deep hard rock tunnel were investigated, combining with the actual tunnel data of JinpingⅡHydropower Station and using numerical simulation approach. The evolution mechanism of microfractures initiation, growth and expansion in deep intact rock mass was performed. It’s shown that the fractures caused by bottom excavation develop to deeper surrounding rock due to stress adjustment, and the zone that have been supported also has some damage. The research results provide important references to understand the damage features of surrounding rock in deep hard rock under high geostress.
Study on Flexural Rigidity of Segment Joints in Metro Shield Tunnel
Authors: Yang De Jian , Wang Xin
Published: June 2012

Through the general finite element program ANSYS to model the segment joints of Tianjin Metro shield tunnel. The relation between rotational angle and bending moment of a segment joint were investigated, and the numerical value of flexural rigidity is obtained by fitting method. In addition, the varying law of flexural rigidity is influenced by eccentricity is discussed.
Analysis on Surface Displacement Caused by Groundwater Seepage of Shield-Tunneling
Authors: Sun Hai Xia , Sang Hai Jun , Wu Hai Yu
Published: June 2012

Seepage is one of the unfavorable factors inducing construction accident. It is essential to analyze the influence to the displacement from seepage by the variety of the parameter of seepage. Set up simulation model by software Abaqus. This text studied the law on the displacement of groundwater during construction considering the influence of groundwater seepage, and contrasted the simulation data with groundwater and without groundwater. The pore water pressure changes because of the influence to seepage field from excavation. the displacement curves head for the same on different porosity. The settlement increase and the swell decrease with the addition of porosity. It is obvious that the displacement with groundwater is lager than without groundwater. A suggestion is made that the tunnel engineering should be designed with considering the influence of groundwater.
Study on the System of Multi-Directioncal Inclined Modular Anchorage in the Tunnel Surrounding Rock of Horizontal Bedded
Authors: Zhang Qian Guan
Published: June 2012

Tunnel construction, inevitably crosses the surrounding rock of the horizontal bedded .The construction prone to bring about the accident of the local deformation, swaping blocks even the overall collapse, in particular,before completing supporting and reinforcement. Thus, it is particularly important to finish the anchoring timely. The design and construction methods of the conventional vertical anchoring system easily leads to personnel injured, the quality of construction is difficult to guarantee, etc. In the paper, the construction technology which is we adopted is using the way to unite the bedded wall rock inclined bolt and the vertical rock layers bolt .In anchoring, we optimize the spatial arrangement and the construction time. Simultaneously, we analysis the system which is the paper adopted and the tradition technology by the mechanical theory. The results show that there is the consistent effect between the new technology and the old one. However, the new one is to reduce the construction risk and to ensure the constructors’ safe. In conclusion, the new system has the significance of guidance and reference in tunneling.
Influence of Overlying Soil on Dynamic Response of Underground Structure
Authors: Sun Chao , Wang Qing
Published: June 2012

The article studies the influence of overlying soil thickness on dynamic response of underground stuctures by adopting the method of numerical simulation analysis. It carries on numerical analyses of dynamic response to the underground structures which overlying soil thickness is 0m、1.4m、2.8m、7.0m、14m、21m、28m. The results show that with the increase of overlying soil thickness, the horizontal displacement difference of bottom and top of side walls increases gradually. When the overlying soil thickness exceeds the height of underground structures, the displacement difference basically presents the rule of linear increase, while the displacement difference of the surrounding soil in the same depth do not change with the overlying soil thickness.
Study on Optimum Multi-Parameter Growth Functions of Deformation Prediction for Loess Tunnel Initial Structure
Authors: Liu Fang Biao , Wu Shun Chuan , Li Jian , Hu Jie
Published: June 2012

Initial structure deformation prediction based on the regression analysis is an important means to evaluate the stability of tunnel, but the commonly used regression functions, such as exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic function, have disadvantages of low accuracy. Aiming at the drawbacks, 3 kinds of multi-parameter growth functions (Weibull growth function, Richard function and Gompertz growth function) and 3 kinds of commonly used functions (exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic function) are used to conduct the regression analysis for a loess tunnel’s initial structure in north-west China. Comparison results show that, (1) regressions based on multi-parameter growth functions are far more precise than the commonly used functions, reflecting its superiority in initial structure deformation prediction of the loess tunnel, (2) the more coefficients the function have, the higher the regression correlation is, and (3) the similarity of iterative and error analysis algorithm in different multi-parameter growth functions lays foundations for computer programming realization of regression analysis and model selection automation.
Simulation and Parameter Inversion on Dalian Metro
Authors: Yu De Hai , Jiang An Nan , Wang Jun Xiang
Published: June 2012

The self-developed finite element program is used to the simulation of true tunnel with C++ language. Applying to Line 1 of Dalian Metro, inversion parameters and true parameters are close, which indicates the superiority and good prospects of the program, and it can be used for quantitative analysis of actual tunnel.
The Study of Construction Countermeasures about Subway Tunnel Passes through High Fill Geological Area of Crushed Rock Soil
Authors: Huang Lin Qing , Wu Tong Qing , Qi Zhi Gang
Published: June 2012

This is an important technical problem that subway tunnel excavation pass through a filled area of crushed rock soil in mountainous city,and to control the ground surface settlement and reduce the influence for existing building have great significance. The paper presents an example that tunnel excavation pass through complex geological area of metro line no.3 project in Chongqing.At first,according to the monitoring results,the big surface subsidence and structures cracking appear in the process of the tunnel excavation are discussed.And then,use the finite element method analysis and calculation. On the basis of the analysis and calculation results, many effective technical measures are proposed to ensure stability of surrounding rock and control the ground surf ace settlement. Such as small catheter grouting consolidation, CD construction method, excavation speed control and so on. The monitoring results show that the vault sinks and convergence value reduce significantly after the improved technology measures are used.At same time,the ground surface settlement is controlled effec- tively. The results show that the improved construction measures achieve the purpose to control the settlement and deformation. The study result of construction scheme can provide reference for the similar project.
Macro-Micro Analysis of Soil Failure Mechanism in Unloading Condition
Authors: Liu Xue Yan , Yuan Da Jun , Jiang Ming Jing
Published: June 2012

Numerical tests are carried out to research mechanism of hydraulic fracturing. As well as that: reservoir storage leads to bending of the embankment dam because of water pressure, especially upright core wall when reservoir storing rapidly, and then bending leads to vertical stress unload. The macro and micro mechanism of soil fracturing in unloading condition are analyzed by the Distinct Element Method (DEM). The results indicate that: (1) Initial stage of specimen will lead to volume response of dilatancy in the unloading condition. Actually, volume response is expressed as dilatancy consistently with the low level confining pressure and is expressed as dilatancy then compression latterly with the high level confining pressure. It suggests that the unloading condition may be a factor for granular material cracks. Particularly, not only the unloading condition with low level confining pressure leads to cracks, but also it helps the cracks development. So we argue that: unload condition, such as reservoir storage is a factor for hydraulic fracturing in the embankment dams, especially in low level stress areas. (2)The strength of soil in the unloading condition decreases than the loading condition, which contributes to hydraulic fracturing.
Research on the Measures of Improve the Flow Pattern of the Forebay of City Intake Water Pumping Stations
Authors: Feng Jian Gang , Li Xin
Published: June 2012

City intake water pumping stations are restricted by bank slope conditions of water source areas and land use restrictions etc. Intake structures are difficult to be arranged in accordance with the requirements of hydraulic conditions. Therefore, adverse flow phenomena such as bias flow, recirculation and vortex are easier to generate in the forebay.The adverse flow imparts an adverse effect upon the pump inlet condition, so as to negatively influence safe operation of the pumping station. Physical models were tested according to layout characteristics of a city intake water water pumping station to research the reasons of bad flow conditions occurred in the caisson type forebay. The study found that the bottom sill in the forebay would improve the inflow pattern. The test results showed that the sump of the pumping station could effectively improve the flow pattern in the forebay and improve the efficiency of the pump operation.
Stress Resultant Analysis of Steel Penstocks Using a Flat Shell Element
Authors: Liu Jing Min , Yang Lu Feng , Zhang Jin , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2012

A finite element procedure of a four-node rectangular flat shell element (FSE) is programmed for structural analysis of steel penstocks. The influence of axial constraint and support settlement on the internal forces of the steel penstocks is investigated. It can be concluded that the FSE is suitable for thin shell structures of steel penstocks and can achieve satisfying accuracy. The axial constraint caused by rest piers would remarkably increase the axial internal forces along pipeline, while the influence of support settlement on the internal forces of the steel penstock is limited, and so is the increment.
The Monitoring Analysis on Subsidence of the Connection Earth Dam in Chaozhou Water Supply Pivot Project
Authors: Wang Hong Qi , Zhu Yi Wen , Chen Jun Sheng , Zhao Yu E
Published: June 2012

This paper introduces the field monitoring results of the connection earth dam in Chaozhou water supply pivot project. In this project, magnetic lamination-settlement measuring instrument, which is installed 3 ones in four sections each, is used to measure the settlement of the Xixi earth dam. Based on the analysis of monitoring data and simplified calculation, we get some useful conclusions. The magnetic lamination-settlement measuring instrument can directly measure the absolute value of deformation without the need to correct, calculate or measure benchmark. It’s more accurate than pipe type settlement instrument. In connection earth dam, conjoined mixing pile for resisting slippery has an effect of constraint and anti-seepage on the dam, which has played a good effect of controlling the dam settlement and the settlement difference between the ship lock and the connection earth dam. Vertical displacement of earth dam is very sensitive to the influence of factors such as water level. Settlement value of earth dam during operation is about 10.6%~38.7% of total settlement and settlement value of the head bay in ship lock during the operation is about 11.4% ~ 23.8% of total settlement.
Research on Concrete Temperature Control and Crack Prevention for Pumping Station Complicated Structure
Authors: Zhang Yang , Qiang Sheng , Pan Wei Feng , Dai Jing Qiu
Published: June 2012

The water passageway structure of pumping station is both mass concrete structure and complicated structure. Cracks always appear in these areas during construction period. It will shorten the building life, and endanger the safety of pumping station. Three dimensional finite element method is adopted to simulate the temperature field and stress field of pump station in construction. The considering loads include gravity, temperature, autogenous volume deformation, and creep. The temperature and the first principle stress duration curves of easily cracking area are analyzed in different cases. After optimization of different temperature control measure, the tensile stress of different areas in early age or later age can be controlled lower than tension strength, and the cracking prevention safety factor can be raised. It is found that pipe cooling, surface insulation, pouring intermission, structure constrains can change the tensile stress obviously for pumping station. The influence of these factors is separately concluded.
The Slope Risk Analysis of Tailings Dam under the Coupling Effect of Rainstorms and Earthquakes
Authors: Yang Kun , Ma Zhi Chao
Published: June 2012

For slope risk analysis of tailings dam, the current research focuses on treating physical and mechanical parameters of tailing materials as the basic random variables. The influence of the external natural random factors is considered little. In practice, the slope stability of tailings dam is influenced by not only their random material parameters but the various natural factors including the changes of water level and the seismic intensity size. As a rule of thumb, there might be heavy rains before the earthquake. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the slope risk of tailings dam under the coupling effect of rainstorms and earthquakes. Aiming at this problem, reliability theory was employed in this paper to study the influence under both rainstorms and earthquake actions. In this project, the slope risk analysis of tailings dams is evaluated under natural multi-random factors.
Simulation Study of the Hydraulic System of Concrete Pumping Truck Based on AMESim
Authors: Fan Chang Ge , Zeng Fa Lin , Li De Hua , Liu Lei
Published: June 2012

The working principle of concrete pumping hydraulic system was analyzed. And base on the AMESim software, the complete simulation model of concrete pumping hydraulic system was built. A simulation was made to get the dynamic characteristics curve of hydraulic cylinder velocity and displacement at some specific conditions. The simulation results indicate that the model is reasonable. Comparative simulations of the pumping hydraulic system with different positions of buffer structure were carried out to study the relationship between buffer effect and the buffer position which can be used to provide theory basis for deeper study of the hydraulic shock.
Hydrodynamic Change and Failure Mechanism of Qianjiangping Landslide, the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Wei Jin Bing , Zheng Hong Chun , Cui Yu Long
Published: June 2012

Reservoir landslide is a severe geological hazard which is caused by the hydrodynamic change due to rainfall and fluctuation of reservoir level. The hydrodynamic change and its influence on landslide stability of Qianjiangping landslide before and after impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir are studied combining with its hydrogeological structure. There are two relatively independent hydrogeological units on both sides of the slipband. Before impoundment, the outlet of groundwater under slipband is above the river level, the supply and discharge of groundwater is in equilibrium, and the excess pore water pressure at the bottom of slipband is smaller or not exists. After impounding, the outlet of groundwater is under reservoir level and the discharge of groundwater is hindered, so the excess pore water pressure at the bottom of slipband will rises and the safety factor of the landslide will decreases. Combing with other factors, the stability of the landslide will further decreases and lead to landslide failure finally.
Three Dimensional Structural Analysis of Complex Sluice Chamber Structures
Authors: Si Hong Yun , Chen Min
Published: June 2012

This paper mainly introduces how to use the software of Marc to calculate the displacement and stress of the sluice. The finite element model which concludes the sluice, piles and foundation was structured for calculation and analysis using the contact analysis function provided by the program. the displacement and stress of the massive structure was worked out to estimate its whole stability and evaluate workability state of the sluice under different structures. The example shows that the results of 3D finite element analysis can be used to accurately reflect the state of the buildings overall strength and displacement. The integral floor structure of contrary arch floor sluice is better than the separated floor structure to adapt to the foundation uneven settlement, but the separated floor structure of contrary arch floor sluice makes stress form more reasonable.
Mathematic Model of Airliner Forced Landing onto Water in Contacting Stage
Authors: Wang Shu Ya , Li Mong Yu , Liu Chao , Zhang She Sheng , Jin Sheng Ping
Published: June 2012

A mathematic model of the optimal posture of airliner landing onto water is built in contacting water stage. By using solid-fluid coupling, momentum conservation, motion equation and pressure drags, the difference equation is constructed to find the influences of the contact water surface angle. The numeric results shows that the peak pressure keeps long time if impact angle small..
Chang Law Analysis of the Horizontal Displacement of the Arch Crest Dam Section of the Geheyan Concrete Gravity Arch Dam
Authors: Li Bo , Liu Li Li , Li Da Zhi , Liang Jun
Published: June 2012

Monitoring data of the arch crown dam section of the Geheyan concrete gravity arch dam were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The analysis results show that the measured data and year changes of the dam horizontal displacement are small, the influence of the water level and temperature on the arch crown dam section is normal, the influence of the aging on the dam horizontal displacement is little, and the aging component has become stable. Therefore, it can be shown that the arch crown dam section of the Geheyan concrete gravity dam is in elastic state, and the horizontal displacement is accord with general deformation law of concrete arch dams.
The Application of the Video Surveillance Technology in the Mid-Route of the South-to-North Water
Authors: Guo Qiao Ling
Published: June 2012

The video surveillance system creates a basic condition for the operating and management in hydropower project to realize the aim of nobody on duty. This paper introduces some key technologies like image compression, image transmission and im video surveillance system age storage in the process of the middle line of the south to north water transfer project brake stood monitoring system, and to analyses the basic function like video surveillance, video control, video service, video coding, video search as well as video storage , in order to provide some references for the decision support system about river basin of water dispatching decision and management.
Failure Process Analysis of Arch Dam with Explicit FEM
Authors: Xia Yu , Zhao Xiao Lian , Wang Da Wei , Zhang Chong Qing
Published: June 2012

Arch dam’s failure is a super nonlinear irreversible process. The research on process of it would give quite important information for safety evaluation. In this paper, it analyses overload of the highest RCC arch dam of the world with explicit FEM and shows the process of dam’s failure from normal operation, local deformation to overall failure by water-level overcharge method. It gives a more direct and precise safety factor. This method is also can be used in other structures.
Water Allocation of Yellow River Basin in Shanxi
Authors: Wang Wen Hui
Published: June 2012

Traditionally the water resources development activities in China were related to improving irrigated agriculture. The quantity based administrative allocation is the most common water allocation mode in China today. This paper analysis the water allocation of Yellow River basin in Shanxi province via technical methods. The objectives of water allocation in Yellow River basin are expressed in terms of priority settings, and different demand management options are also evaluated using the proposed methodology.
Site Effect Estimation of Shanxi Areas with the Records of Strong Earthquake in Wenchuan
Authors: Li Qi Cheng
Published: June 2012

Abstract: By means of two reference sites, site effects in 29 stations of Shanxi Province are analyzed by using 2008 Wenchuan earthquake data according to adopting traditional ratios method. Because site predominant frequencies getting from all kinds of computations have higher reliability, suggestion is made that in order to reduce loss producing from construction resonance in earthquake, natural frequencies of future constructions in above sites should keep away from site predominant frequency as possible. Computational results show Shanxi areas arises strong site effect in earthquake, this has close relationship with geological structure, formation lithology and strong new structural movement, etc.
Study on Model Experiment of Crushed Rock Layer Eliminate the Differential Settlement
Authors: Wang Da Peng
Published: June 2012

Model experiment box for crushed rock layer to eliminate the differential settlement was designed. Through the model experiment, the effect of eliminating differential settlement was validated and the truth of it was analyzed. Then the concept and the expressions of the secondary loose coefficient was established. Through measuring the secondary loose coefficient of different rock layers by designed measure box, the relationships of grain diameter of crushed rock, grain figure of gravel and the friction angle with the secondary loose coefficient were analyzed respectively. The research indicated that (1) the design of model experiment box and the experiment was successful; (2) crushed rock layer which can eliminate the differential settlement mostly depends on its capability of secondary loose; (3) the secondary loose coefficient increases with grain diameter of crushed rock and the friction angle, and the secondary loose coefficient of crushed rock is always higher than that of the pebble at the same grain diameter.
Numerical Simulation of Interaction of Cut-Off Wall and Earth-Rock Dam in the Reinforcement Project
Authors: Gao Jiang Lin , Yang Zhi Gang , Yan Shu Wang
Published: June 2012

Concrete cut-off wall has been widely used in the reinforcement project of earth-rock dam. Its design method and construction technology are comparatively mature, but comprehensive study of interaction of cut-off wall and dam is few, especially for the case that new cut-off wall built in earth-rock dam. In order to discuss the principal and law of interaction of cut-off wall and earth-rock dam in the reinforcement project, seepage field and stress field coupled numerical model was established by using ABAQUS. The contact between the wall and the dam together with the coupling of the stress and the seepage were taken into account in the model. Through coupling calculation of typical earth-rock dam project, the results show that, the model is feasible to simulate the interaction of cut-off wall and earth-rock dam, and the method can provide reference for design calculations of cut-off wall in reinforcement project of earth-rock dam.
The Numerical Calculation of Vibration Frequency of High Arch Dam Structure on the Condition of Earthquake
Authors: Zhang Ke Feng , Cao Zhi Xiang , Xia Zheng Bing
Published: June 2012

The dynamic response mechanism of the high arch dam structure is very complicated under the strong earthquake, based on the theory of stochastic dynamics analysis, starting from the basic dynamics equations of structure, the mathematical model of natural frequency of the structure is established by considering random variable of dynamic role of water pressure, earthquake ground acceleration and elastic modulus of the structure. The model numerical results show that the natural frequency of average value and coefficient of variation have a certain correlation and the common characteristics of random is affected by random input variable, and the different vibration mode has average value and coefficient of variation, and the average value of variation has a certain change rule, but coefficient of variation changes small.
Study on the Settlement Correction Coefficient in Seawall Engineering Based on In Situ Monitoring Data
Authors: Yu Jiong Qi , Han Shen Qiu , Wu Xiong Wei
Published: June 2012

The selection of the settlement correction coefficient is difficult in the design of seawall engineering. Two cases were enumerated, the settlement correction coefficients were back calculated using in situ monitoring data. The settlement correction coefficients derived from site monitoring fitted total settlement ranged between 1.94 and 2.78. They are much larger than 1.3 applied in design in two cases, and they exceed the recommended range of 1.2 to 1.8. The results indicate that the settlement correction coefficient given in design is lack of a scientific and systematic selection basis and it can hardly reach the real settlement of seawall engineering. The job of in situ monitoring is a good guidance to the selection of the settlement correction coefficient for similar projects in this area.
Experimental Study on Regular Wave of Transmission Coefficient through a Hollow-Block Mound Breakwater
Authors: Gao Zhi Qi , Zhang Rui Jin , Luan Shu Guang , Fu Dong Wei
Published: June 2012

Besides wave attenuation, hollow-block mound breakwater acts as artificial reef which could protect the marine biology and repair the marine ecological environment. Transmission coefficient is the main index of breakwater’s wave attenuation effect evaluation. In this paper through the sectional model experiment on the special assembled hollow-block mound breakwater under regular wave, affecting factors (opening size, water depth, wave period, incident wave height) of the transmission coefficient of breakwater were studied. The main factors that influence the wave attenuation of the hollow-block mound breakwater are the opening size of the hollow-block and the depth of the water while the wave period and the wave height of the incident wave have less influence for the wave attenuation of the breakwater. The research results can provide the reference for the following theoretical research and engineering practice.
Application of Multiple Indicators in Environment Evaluation of Coastal Restoration Engineering: A Case Study in Bohai Bay in China
Authors: Ma Chun , Zhang Guang Yu , Zhang Xiao Chun , Li Ya Juan
Published: June 2012

Marine environment especially coastal ecosystem has unique hydrological and biological characteristics. However, increased human activities have caused intertidal area destroyed at alarming rates. Environment protection and restoration engineering have become world’s focus. The coastal ecosystems in Bohai Bay have been recognized for providing various ecological functions. The increasing stress caused by human activities induced changes in this area recently. The governors and researchers have conducted restoration engineering. To find out whether the ecosystem health status of marine environment in this area has been changed correspondingly, multiple ecological indicators of different levels including diversity, species biomass and abundance, and thermodynamic indicators were applied. The indicators include Shannon-Wiener index, Margalef index, W-statistic and exergy. The results showed that the marine environment become to moderate disturbed from severely disturbed after coastal restoration engineering according to all the indicators.
Study on the Resistance of Marine Silica-Fume Concrete between both Frost-Thaw Cycles and Chloride Penetration (Part I)
Authors: Yang Wen Wu , Qian Jue Shi
Published: June 2012

A study was made into the resistance in frost-thaw cycles and chloride penetration of silica-fume concrete by simulating the characteristics of the marine environment and using the R-value evaluation method. The results show that as a result of mixing silica fume in concrete, the R-value increases by 52.1%; the composite use of silica fume and air-entraining agent with an adequate mixing amount can increase substantially the comprehensive property of concrete in resisting frost-thaw cycles and chloride penetration, with the magnitude of R-value increase being as high as 174%~ 284% and the silica mixing amount being best at around 10%.
Vertical Distribution of Nearshore Sediment Concentration
Authors: Zheng Jun , Li Rui Jie , Feng Qing
Published: June 2012

Under the steady and uniform state, the sediment concentration profile of Van Rijn can be deduced. However the formula of Van Rijn is a piecewise function. It is modified by a unification method, and a continuous sediment concentration distribution formula is obtained. The profile of sediment concentration agrees with the field data of Rizhao and Zhoushan.
Study on Coastal Zone Sustainable Development and its Application
Authors: Nie Hong Tao , Tao Jian Hua , Du Min
Published: June 2012

Rapid industrialization and urbanization development had brought a serious challenge for coastal zone in China. A coastal management model had been set up for coastal zone, the coordination degree and coordinated development model were adopted to analyze the development trend. The results show that the gap between the environment comprehensive efficiency index and economic efficiency index is getting bigger and bigger for Bohai Bay coastal zone.
Consolidation-Creep Behavior of Dredger Fill Silty Sands under Different Normal Pressure in Caofeidian Port
Authors: Nian Ting Kai , Yu Peng Cheng , Lu Miao Jia , Diao Mei Hui , Liu Chu Nan
Published: June 2012

Hydraulic fill silty sands in Caofeidian port serves as the research object. Through a large volume uniaxial compression test of dredger fill silty sand, the stain-time curves under various levels of normal stress are obtained. The charts show that stain-time curves are all with similarly shaped nonlinear characteristics. The results of tests illustrate that dredger fill silty sands show some creep behavior. In general, the creep process can be divided into three stages: instantaneous deformation, rapid deformation and slow deformation. In addition, normal stress has an evident impact on consolidation-creep behavior of dredger fill silty sands. Initial deformation and final deformation grow larger and larger with an increasing normal stress. In the meanwhile, the time of achieving stable deformation becomes longer as well. Based on the achieved creep charts, a power function is proposed to describe the relationship of deformation-time for the dredger fill silty sands.
Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process to Risk Analysis of Port Construction Project
Authors: Zhang Jiao
Published: June 2012

The application of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to the risk analysis of port construction project was investigated. Firstly, the happening probabilities of various risk factors during port construction were calculated. Secondly, the aftereffects of the risks were concluded by consulting the experts. Thirdly, the weight of each risk factor was obtained by AHP. Finally, the total risk of port construction project could be evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. This risk analysis method was applied to evaluate the total risk of a real port construction project, and the exemplification verified its feasibility.
A Laboratory Study on the Wave Distribution around Breakwater
Authors: Geng Bao Lei , Zhang Ci Heng , Cao Yu Fen
Published: June 2012

A three-dimensional physical model was used to study the wave distribution around breakwater in Malaysia Kuantan. Model tests were carried out by using the L-type action absorption directional wave generator in a 45m×40m wave basin at TIWTE in Tianjin China. The incident wave conditions were checked first in the laboratory and a series steps were introduced to construct the bathymetry and breakwater structure. At last, the wave distribution around the breakwater with 60yrs and 100yrs wave action were given respectively. The conclusions should be used to achieve optimization of the design.
Study on Water Supply and Drainage Facility Planning in Historic Towns - Case Study of Master Plan of Hengdaohezi Town
Authors: Liu Sheng Jun , Xu Han
Published: June 2012

In historic towns, the planning of municipal facilities varies from that in the common towns. To maintain the original styles and features, the curve dominants the street form in the planning. Additionally, combining with the rails and rivers which goes across the town, the water supply and drainage is divided into two areas at the line of the valley with the narrow and branching terrain. The existing pipeline network is taken into account as possible with the aim to compensate the skill deficiency and expand the service scope. Based on the prerequisite of lowering investment and maintaining eco-appearance, the rainwater will be collected and discharged near the site through two ways: natural drainage and pipeline network drainage. Water supply and drainage have set up the treatment facilities of water respectively, which will be planned and constructed by stages according to the development of towns.
Data Acquisition and Monitoring System for Water Supply Pipe Network Based on GPRS
Authors: Wu Ye Lan , Lian Xiao Qin , Zheng Shu Fang
Published: June 2012

It is the necessity of the modern city development to implement the informatization management of water supply pipe network. The paper introduces the design of a data acquisition and monitoring system for water supply pipe network based on GPRS. It presents the implement of the hardware and software design of the data acquisition and monitoring terminal which is based on the embedded technology and uC/OS-II operating system, as well as the software design of the monitor center. The communication protocol based on GPRS and Winsock network programming technology is provided. The various field data collected by the terminal are encapsulated and sent to the GPRS module by microprocessor serial port. Then, the GPRS module sends the data to the remote monitor center which realizes the functions such as data process, data storage and statistical analysis. The system works well in the laboratory environment.
The Equilibrium Analysis of the Metropolis Water Supply and Demand Planning Management
Authors: Ma Tao , Wang Jian , Chen Ming Qi , Ma Ping , Jiang Ming Hui
Published: June 2012

Most of the metropolis faces the water supply and demand management problem including the surface water pollution, groundwater overdraft, deficiency of water supply, and low efficiency water resource in the past decades. As the Chinese capital, Beijing has been trying to solve the unbalance. This paper describes the water resources equilibrium related with the urban population and the primary method is the equilibrium analysis of the water supply and demand. The elastic scenario output means the water consumption of ten thousand Yuan output value of the primary industry is most sensitive. The case shows building equilibrium equation may be a succinct and practical estimation method for the metropolis.
Application Study of Long-Short-Piled Raft Foundation
Authors: Xie Xin Yu , Shou Ming Xin , Huang Jie Qing , Liu Kai Fu
Published: June 2012

The long-short-piled raft foundation is an unusual type of building base. This kind of foundation is usually applied for pile foundation reinforcement of existing buildings when shortage of bearing capacity of piles occurs. The bearing capacity of pile foundation is improved and less settlement is expected. Since this method has so many obvious advantages, it is recommended in the reinforcement design of piled raft foundation of an existing building in Tianjin. Longer reinforced concrete bored piles are adopted as the supplementary ones. The bearing capacity of this kind of piled raft foundation was studied. The settlement was also analyzed with the National standard method together with the finite element numerical method. According to the study, the bearing capacity of piled raft foundation is enhanced effectively after adding piles. Also, the results show that the total settlement and differential settlement during the construction is in control respectively.
The Application Case of High Density Polyethylene Pipe Linings for the Renovation of Water Mains
Authors: Deng Zhi Hua , Fu Ya Sheng , Ning Ping
Published: June 2012

The urgency of renovation the water mains from Malong Chemical Limited Company is analyzed. And the operation process with high density polyethylene pipe linings is described in this paper. The commentary on their respective advantages and the costs will be presented. It has been proved that the HDPE linings renovation technology has many advantages including shorter operation time, higher efficiency and lower cost with smaller and simpler operating equipments over conventional trenchless and replace pipe technology.
A Central Air Conditioning System Design for Guesthouse in Changsha City
Authors: Zeng Yun Fan , Zhang Min Hui
Published: June 2012

This article presents the design of the air conditioning system in the building. In the project, ice storage for cold source and electric boiler thermal storage for heat source are taken while variable primary flow is used for water system. Taking into account the functions of each part, all air and fan coil unit with fresh air system are applied in ventilation system. The design of air exhaust system is introduced. A detail scheme about the annual operational regulation for energy saving is proposed. During the designing process, energy conservation is given enough attention, and the reliability of operation is also ensured.
Feasibility Analysis on Recovery of Condensation Heat in Fossil Fuel Power Plants for Cooling Application in Summer
Authors: Liang Zhen , Shen Heng Gen
Published: June 2012

The recover of condensation heat in fossil fuel power plant in summer was difficult. In this paper, a scheme that using condensation heat for cooling was proposed. Firstly, cooling water was used as low temperature resource to produce mid-temperature hot water, and mid-temperature hot water could be used as heat source in the absorption refrigerator. At the same time, the condensing heat of refrigeration system was transmit to saturated air from cooling tower and made air leaved far from saturation area thereby to control the visible plume. Thermodynamic analysis shows that this scheme is feasible, and economical analysis also shows that this scheme is feasible when heat resource of absorption-type heat pump using waste heat.
Comparative Study of Pile-Soil Interaction Analysis Methods
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Fa Bo , Xu Xue Yong , Song Qing Tao
Published: June 2012

m-method is a widely used method for pile-soil interaction analysis. The main shortcoming of traditional m-method is ignoring the non-linear of soil. The actual relationship between the m and the displacement of pile (y) caused by loads is non-linear; however, it is unreasonable to used a linear curve and a fixed value of m during the calculation. Two methods for getting the m-y curve based on the p-y curve and the NL method are given. Linear spring is used and the m is dynamic modified based on the m-y curve by iteration. A test problem of a large-diameter monopile for offshore wind turbine is given and the dynamic modification of m of the full-range, the shallow and the deep-seated soil are carried out. It reveals that the dynamic modification of m by iteration made it possible to consider the non-linear of soil; the difference between the traditional m-method and the p-y curve method or NL method is caused by the way that using one and fixed m value and it is reasonable to use the non-linear m-y curve obtained by in-situ test; the lateral load-bearing capacity of the pile is influenced mainly by the soil between the mud-line and the depth of 3~5D (pile diameter), so that the dynamic modification of the m can be carried out for this part of soil to raise efficiency.
The Influence of Buried Tube Depth and Operational Mode on Heat Exchanger Performance
Authors: Zheng Min , Li Bai Yi
Published: June 2012

Ground coupled heat pump has become an attractively alternative way to cool and heat buildings in China, however, in practice their operation and effect especially on the performance of heat exchanger are unsatisfied. In this paper, the influence of buried tube depth and operational mode on heat exchange performance were studied by experiment. The experimental results showed that intermittent operation mode will help to improve energy efficiency of buried tube,and improve the host operating efficiency. In the operation, buried tube will produce inevitably cold and heat accumulation effect in surronding rock mass, and result in water temperature of buried tube oulet rising (summer) or decreasing(winter), cooling temperature of the condenser (summer) increasing, evaporation temperature of evaporator decreasing (winter), then the operating efficiency of host machine in the actual operation would be decreased. It is suggested that ground source heat pump system with auxiliary cold/hot equipment should be considered in practice.
Exergy Analysis of Cascade Ethylene-Propane Rankine Cycle with Cold Energy Recovery of LNG
Authors: Zhu Hong Mei , Liu Hong Wei , Sun Heng
Published: June 2012

Cascade Rankine power cycle is suitable for cold recovery in a CCHP system which uses LNG as the primary energy. It has the advantages of low operating pressure and high energy efficiency. Exergy analysis of a typical cascade ethylene-propane Rankine power cycle is conducted. The results show that the exergy losses mainly occur in the low temperature part of the cycle. The exergy loss in the LNG-ethylene heat exchanger could reach about 46% of the total exergy loss. Therefore, the reduction of the exergy losses in the low temperature is important for the improvement of the performance of cascade power cycle.
Factor Analysis of the Eight Kinds of Hot Wet Feeling in Subjective Comfort
Authors: Wu Xuan Run , Cao Jian Da
Published: June 2012

This paper chooses 7 kinds of fabrics and made stretch tight pants on the subjective comfort experiment. Gotten the sports time 0, 15, 30 minutes, 30 minutes of subjective feeling, the results showed that at the static, the feeling of stretch tight pants is mainly static comprehensive intimacy and touch feeling in the sensory threshold region. At Sports time to 15 minutes, subjective feeling of stretch tight pants is mainly weight feeling and sticky feeling in the sensory threshold region. At Sports time to 30 minutes, subjective feeling of stretch tight pants is mainly burns feeling, weight feeling and sticky feeling in the sensory threshold region.
Performance Investigation of Bell Mouth of the Multi-Blade Centrifugal Fan in Floor Standing Air-Conditioner
Authors: Wan Zhong Min , Zheng Zu Yi , Wan Jun Hua , Liu Jing , Xu Wen Ming
Published: June 2012

Three types of bell mouth with the inward bell mouths whose exit diameter are larger than the impeller inner diameter of multi-blade centrifugal fan used in floor standing air-conditioner are investigated by using the numerical simulation method. Three bell mouths are as follows: The first type of bell mouth is the inward inlet used in the original air-conditioner. The second type is the inward inlet whose axial height is larger than the first type. The third type is the new mold line inward inlet with smaller slope angle than the first type. Calculation results show that the later two type bell mouths can help to improve air volume flow ratio, reduce the vortex in the back of volute exit and increase the air volume flow rate of 6.8 % and 4.2% respectively. The experimental verification was conducted for the simulation results and the experimental results shows that the air volume rates increase 4.7 % and 3% respectively, the level of noise is constant. The entire performances of the two types are both improved.
Step by Step Calculation and Application of Multi-Type-Pile Composite Foundation
Authors: Mao Xiao Hui , Yue Qiang
Published: June 2012

The flexible pile and the rigid pile, the gravel pile and CFG pile are arranged in a group as compound piles, which utilize their merits and avoid their shortcomings. Based on the study of the existing calculation methods for the bearing capacity of multi-pile composite foundation, the working behavior of loaded multi-pile composite foundation and the general influence of different construction methods to the bearing capacity of the soil are considered. The coefficient of the bearing capacity exertion of master piles, the coefficient of the bearing capacity exertion of minor piles, the coefficient of the bearing capacity exertion of the soil between piles and the coefficient of the bearing capacity improvement of the soil are introduced. The new step-by-step calculation method for the bearing capacity of multi-pile composite foundation is put forward. Through designed a high-rise frame structure with multi-type-pile composite foundation, the results show that the multi-type-pile composite foundation is more whole and possess stronger capacity of load transfer compared with single-type-pile composite foundation. It can satisfy the requirements of load bearing capacity and deformation under special foundation conditions.
Numerical Analysis of Soil Temperature Distribution around Buried Tube for Ground-Source Heat Pump
Authors: Wang Fa Hui , Sang Jun Yong , Zhang Dan
Published: June 2012

The main objective of this work is to introduces the finite difference method based on calculation ground-coupled heat pump implanted tube temperature distribution in the soil around the calculation method of the buried depth, and calculated the 1-m, different quality bury pipe flow around the change rule of soil temperature. The calculation results show that: buried tube weeks with the temperature distribution in soil of fluid flow pipe changes, the change rule is, the greater the fluid quality. Discharge inside around burying tube soil temperature is lower.
Application of WSHP in Air Conditioning System within Hospital Buildings
Authors: Wei Yi Ran
Published: June 2012

Based on practical applications of WSHP (Water Source Heat Pump) system, equipment selection, operation management, economic performance of the system, etc. have been analyzed and expounded All of our work is helpful and valuable for peer reference.
Ultimate Load Analysis of Single-Layer Lattice Shells under Temperature Action
Authors: Liu Shu Tang , Long Qi Liang , Wang Long
Published: June 2012

Stability is an important measurement index of reticulated shell structure to security and reliability. Considering the temperature change, using structural buckling analysis in ANSYS, the stability of reticulated shell structure was invested. Analysis shows that stability of reticulated shell structure affected by temperature change impact; as the temperature goes down, the safety factor (stability coefficient) continually decrease. The conclusion showed that: 1) reticulated shell construction is suitable in summer; 2) Insulated curing of shell should be paid attention in cold season, and which will be useful on design, construction and use of structure.