bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Method for Identifying Patients with High Risk of Litigation in Plastic Surgery: Introducing the FATIMA Acronym
Authors: Vicente-Ruiz Miriam , Hontanilla Bernardo
Published: October 2024

Background

In recent years, there has been an upward tendency in the number of claims against Plastic Surgeons in some countries, while remaining among the most litigated specialists worldwide. Identifying the most frequent traits in Plastic Surgery claimants could aid surgeons in performing better patient selection and avoid liability.

Methods

The three main legal databases in Spain were consulted for Plastic Surgery litigations in Spain over a five-year period. Data from the plaintiffs, defendants and judicial processes were collected. In addition, expert witnesses were interviewed and data from the main medico-legal association in Spain was collected. This data was contrasted with the available literature regarding litigation in Plastic Surgery worldwide.

Results

A total of 199 court resolutions were analyzed, two expert witnesses were interviewed and “The Patient’s Advocate Association” of Spain was consulted. The most frequent traits observed in the plaintiffs were summarized in the acronym FATIMA that describes a Female patient using Antidepressants or Anxiolytics, presenting body Tattoos, suing after undergoing a breast surgery with the use of Implants, Middle-aged and with Access to free legal services.

Conclusions

The use of the acronym FATIMA in the identification of patients with high risk of litigation in Plastic Surgery could aid surgeons in performing adequate patient selection and avoiding medical liability.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors  www.springer.com/00266.
Epidemiological and Genetic Insights of the Circulating Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotypes in Egypt
Authors: Hassanein Rabab T. , Abdelmegeed Hala K. , Abdelwahed Dina A. , Zaki Abeer G. , Saad Alaa S. , Shahein Momtaz A. , Afify Ahmed F. , Rohaim Mohammed A.
Published: October 2024

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) remains a major threat to livestock in Egypt, with ongoing outbreaks involving serotypes A, O, and SAT2. This study aimed to improve the understanding of these circulating FMDV strains to improve control measures. Between 2022 and 2023, 134 cattle samples from across Egypt were analyzed, revealing a 67.9% positivity rate for Pan FMDV. Of these positive samples, 64 were identified as serotype A and 27 as serotype O. Genetic analysis indicated that serotype O strains clustered within the EA-3 topotype, suggesting endemic persistence and potential vaccine evasion, while serotype A strains were associated with the African topotype and linked to regions such as Ethiopia, Kenya, and Sudan. Notable amino acid mutations in the VP1 protein of both serotypes highlighted potential challenges to vaccine effectiveness. These findings underscore the need for enhanced surveillance, timely vaccine updates, and regional cooperation to effectively manage FMD outbreaks in Egypt and neighboring countries.
Einsatz symbolischer KI in Hochschulen durch formale Modellierung von Studien- und Prüfungsordnungen
Authors: von der Heyde Markus , Goebel Matthias , Lindow Stefan , Lucke Ulrike
Published: October 2024

In der modernen Hochschullandschaft ist die effiziente Verwaltung von Informationsbeständen ein zentrales Anliegen der Digitalisierung. In diesem Beitrag argumentieren wir, dass der Einsatz symbolischer künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) besonders geeignet ist, um eine konsistente Repräsentation von Studien- und Prüfungsordnungen (StPO) zu erzeugen und effektiv zu nutzen, und demonstrieren dies am Einsatz der formalen Spezifikationssprache SemaLogic. In der Einleitung erläutern wir, auf welche übergreifenden Probleme der Digitalisierung der Hochschullandschaft wir uns konzentrieren, wie unser Ansatz beschaffen ist und welche spezifischen Anwendungsanforderungen bestehen. Im Hauptteil stellen wir unseren Lösungsansatz im Detail vor: SemaLogic ermöglicht eine maschinenlesbare und formalsprachliche Repräsentation von Regelwerken, sodass eine Validierung und dynamische Visualisierung der Strukturen sowie darauf aufbauende Prozesse wie die Studienverlaufsplanung und die Qualitätssicherung während der Curriculumentwicklung möglich werden. Durch seine flexible Anpassung auf der Ebene von Symbolen, Tokens und Syntax rückt SemaLogic die formale Sprache in die Nähe natürlichsprachlicher Eingaben, was den Einsatzbereich erheblich erweitern sollte. Am Ende des Beitrags gehen wir detailliert auf Anwendungsszenarien eines KI-Assistenzsystems für die individuelle Studienverlaufsplanung oder das Qualitätsmanagement und die Unterstützung von Studienreformen ein. Der Beitrag verdeutlicht, dass die Vorteile einer flexiblen, symbolischen Repräsentation von Regelwerken im Lebenszyklus der Hochschulbildung in Datensparsamkeit, Ressourcenschonung und Interoperabilität mit existierenden Campus-Management-Systemen bestehen und sie damit übergreifende Wirkung in der Digitalisierung der Hochschullandschaft hat.
Evaluation of complications and biochemical recurrence rates after (super) extended lymph node dissection during radical prostatectomy
Authors: Baas Diederik J.H. , Israël Bas , de Baaij Joost M.S. , Vrijhof Henricus J.E.J. , Hoekstra Robert J. , Kusters-Vandevelde Heidi , Mulders Peter F.A. , Michiel Sedelaar J. P. , Somford Diederik M. , van Basten Jean-Paul A.
Published: October 2024

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of extended (e-PLND) and super-extended pelvic lymph node dissection (se-PLND) during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) by examining lymph node (LN) yield, complications, LN metastasis, and biochemical recurrence (BCR) incidence.

Methods

Between January 2016 and January 2020, 354 consecutive patients with > 5% risk of lymph node involvement (LNI), as predicted by the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center nomogram, underwent RARP with (s)e-PLND at a high-volume center. The e-PLND involved removing fibrofatty lymphatic tissue around the obturator fossa, internal iliac region, and external iliac vessels. The se-PLND, performed at the discretion of the surgeons, also included lymph nodes from the pre-sacral and common iliac regions. Outcomes included histopathological findings by anatomical region; complications; and BCR incidence during follow-up.

Results

The median LNI risk was 18% (IQR 9–31%). A median of 22 LN (IQR 16–28) were removed, with se-PLND yielding a higher number: 25 (IQR 20–32) compared to e-PLND: 17 (IQR 13–24) (p < 0.001). pN1 disease was detected in 22% of patients overall, higher in se-PLND (29%) than e-PLND (14%) (p < 0.001). Of metastatic LNs, 14% were situated outside the e-PLND template. Operation time was longer for se-PLND, but perioperative complications were similar between both groups. After a median follow-up of 24 months (IQR 7–33), BCR incidence was comparable between the two groups.

Conclusion

Compared to standard extended pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND), super extended PLND increases lymph node yield and removal of metastatic deposits but does not contribute to progression free survival at mid-term.
Can Ki-67 serve as a suitable marker to indicate the necessity of staging diagnostics in cases of low-risk breast cancer?
Authors: Jung Lisa , Huwer Sarah Isabelle , Jungmann Peter , Medl Markus , Taran Florin-Andrei , Neubauer Jakob , Wilpert Carolin , Juhasz-Böss Ingolf , Müller Carolin
Published: October 2024

Background

For many years, staging tests have not been routinely employed for low-risk early breast cancer (EBC). However, the role of Ki-67 in determining the need for staging tests in low-risk EBC remains unclear. Our study aimed to assess the number and types of staging diagnostics, additional imaging, false-positive results, and rate of distant metastases in low-risk EBC with low and high Ki-67 (< / ≥ 25%).

Methods

This is a retrospective, single institution cohort study. All patients with newly diagnosed low-risk breast cancer at the University Medical Center in Freiburg in 2017 and 2021 were included. Low-risk was defined as clinical tumor stage T1/2, node negative (N0), hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative, asymptomatic EBC. Information on demographics, clinical and pathological characteristics, as well as number and type of performed staging diagnostics was obtained. Rate and type of additional imaging or follow-up diagnostics due to suspicious findings was analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups (Ki-67 < and ≥ 25%) and rates of distant metastases, performed staging diagnostics and false positive rates were compared.

Results

A total of 189 patients with low-risk EBC were identified, with 54% (n = 102) having Ki-67 < 25% and 46% (n = 87) having Ki-67 ≥ 25%. Risk for distant metastases was 0% in Ki-67 < 25% and 1.1% in patients with Ki-67 ≥ 25% (p = 0.46). Due to suspicious findings in the initial staging diagnostic, additional imaging was required for 11.8% (n = 12) of patients with Ki-67 < 25% compared to 19.5% (n = 17) of patients with Ki-67 ≥ 25% (p = 0.16). False positive rates did not differ significantly between the two groups (7.6% in Ki-67 < 25% vs. 9.8% in Ki-67 ≥ 25%; p = 0.55).

Conclusion

Distant metastases are rare in low-risk EBC. All in all, staging diagnostics should not be routinely employed in this patient population. Only patients with high Ki-67 developed distant metastases. In these cases, staging diagnostics may be discussed with the patient.
Young adult Latino testicular cancer survivors: a pilot study of Goal-focused Emotion regulation Therapy (GET)
Authors: Hoyt Michael A. , Campos Belinda , Lechuga Jose G. , Fortier Michelle A. , Llave Karen , Haydon Marcie , Daneshvar Michael , Nelson Christian J. , Wu Baolin
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Young adult Latino testicular cancer survivors experience adverse impacts after treatment. We developed Goal-focused Emotion regulation Therapy (GET) to improve distress symptoms, goal navigation skills, and emotion regulation. This open pilot trial extended GET to Latino young adult survivors of testicular cancer and assessed feasibility and tolerability as well as changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms. Secondary outcomes included goal navigation, emotion regulation, and components of hope-related goal processes (i.e., agency and pathway mapping). To assess the extent to which GET is culturally congruent or in need of adaptation, the influence of simpatía and acculturative stress were also examined.

Methods

Thirty-five eligible young adult (age 18–39) survivors treated with chemotherapy were enrolled and assessed at baseline. Study acceptability, tolerability, and therapeutic alliance were examined. Preliminary efficacy was evaluated for changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as psychological processes (goal navigation, agency, goal pathway skill, and emotion regulation) from baseline to immediate post- and 3-month post-intervention.

Results

Among the 35 men assessed at baseline, 54% initiated intervention sessions. Among these, 94.7% completed all study procedures. Helpfulness ratings of intervention components and therapeutic alliance scores were strong. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms from pre- to post-intervention with sustained change at the 3-month follow-up. Favorable patterns of change were also observed in GET-related psychological processes. Simpatía was associated with less depressive symptoms at post-intervention, but not change in anxiety. Acculturative stress was associated with increased anxiety and depressive symptoms over time.

Conclusion

GET is a feasible and acceptable intervention for reducing adverse outcomes after testicular cancer for young adult Latino men. Results should be considered preliminary but suggest meaningful changes in emotional and psychological outcomes.
Prediction of single cell mechanical properties in microchannels based on deep learning
Authors: Gong Jiajie , Liu Xinyue , Zhang Yancong , Zhu Fengping , Hu Guohui
Published: October 2024

Traditional methods for measuring single-cell mechanical characteristics face several challenges, including lengthy measurement times, low throughput, and a requirement for advanced technical skills. To overcome these challenges, a novel machine learning (ML) approach is implemented based on the convolutional neural networks (CNNs), aiming at predicting cells’ elastic modulus and constitutive equations from their deformations while passing through micro-constriction channels. In the present study, the computational fluid dynamics technology is used to generate a dataset within the range of the cell elastic modulus, incorporating three widely-used constitutive models that characterize the cellular mechanical behavior, i.e., the Mooney-Rivlin (M-R), Neo-Hookean (N-H), and Kelvin-Voigt (K-V) models. Utilizing this dataset, a multi-input convolutional neural network (MI-CNN) algorithm is developed by incorporating cellular deformation data as well as the time and positional information. This approach accurately predicts the cell elastic modulus, with a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.999, a root mean square error of 0.218, and a mean absolute percentage error of 1.089%. The model consistently achieves high-precision predictions of the cellular elastic modulus with a maximum R2 of 0.99, even when the stochastic noise is added to the simulated data. One significant feature of the present model is that it has the ability to effectively classify the three types of constitutive equations we applied. The model accurately and reliably predicts single-cell mechanical properties, showcasing a robust ability to generalize. We demonstrate that incorporating deformation features at multiple time points can enhance the algorithm’s accuracy and generalization. This algorithm presents a possibility for high-throughput, highly automated, real-time, and precise characterization of single-cell mechanical properties.
Phase equilibria and thermodynamic analysis of liquid–liquid immiscibility in the system SiO2–Na2O–MoO3
Authors: Sugawara Toru , Ohira Toshiaki , Kondo Ryoichi , Jin Kousuke
Published: October 2024

Phase equilibrium experiments were carried out in the SiO2–Na2O–MoO3 system at 1200ºC and 1000ºC. We found that immiscible phase region in this system is narrower than that reported previously. By combining phase relationship and thermodynamic data and assuming associate species model, interaction parameters to describe enthalpy of mixing of SiO2–Na2O–MoO3 liquid were optimized by CALPHAD methodology. The thermodynamic database can be applied to thermodynamic calculations of silicate systems containing molybdenum, such as the vitrification process of high-level radioactive waste.
Accumulation of Oncogenic Mutations During Progression from Healthy Tissue to Cancer
Authors: Zhang Ruibo , Bozic Ivana
Published: October 2024

Cancers are typically fueled by sequential accumulation of driver mutations in a previously healthy cell. Some of these mutations, such as inactivation of the first copy of a tumor suppressor gene, can be neutral, and some, like those resulting in activation of oncogenes, may provide cells with a selective growth advantage. We study a multi-type branching process that starts with healthy tissue in homeostasis and models accumulation of neutral and advantageous mutations on the way to cancer. We provide results regarding the sizes of premalignant populations and the waiting times to the first cell with a particular combination of mutations, including the waiting time to malignancy. Finally, we apply our results to two specific biological settings: initiation of colorectal cancer and age incidence of chronic myeloid leukemia. Our model allows for any order of neutral and advantageous mutations and can be applied to other evolutionary settings.
Language Operative Capacity in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
Authors: Tibrewal Ankita , de Jong Ad , Parkes Geoff , Tenzer Helene , Bel-Lahsen Melissa
Published: October 2024

Language-related IB research predominantly targets large MNCs, often overlooking the challenges that internationalizing SMEs face in effectively utilizing their limited language resources. To address this gap and assist SMEs in overcoming their unique language challenges, we develop a scale for language operative capacity (LOC), which measures a firm’s capacity to deploy language resources most productively throughout its global operations. We validate this instrument with data from 417 SMEs and examine its impact on two critical internationalization metrics: export performance and international networking capability. Our study makes three key contributions to language-related IB research and capacity research. First, we provide a comprehensive and robust LOC instrument, incorporating distinctions between potential and realized capacity from the capacity literature. Second, we offer a deeper understanding of language as a multi-level phenomenon by highlighting the interaction between individual-level language skills and organizational-level capacities. Third, we extend the scarce language-related IB research on SMEs by offering a nuanced understanding of LOC as a strategic resource, by validating the LOC instrument in the context of internationalizing SMEs, and by demonstrating its explanatory power for essential internationalization metrics. Additionally, our research provides SMEs with an actionable tool to assess their linguistic capacities, develop their language resources and optimize the use of these language resources in international operations.
Diagnostic of the Liquid Injection Behavior in the Case of Axial Suspension Plasma Spray (ASPS)
Authors: Gaudin Maxime , Goutier Simon , Rivaud Geoffroy , Joulia Aurélien , Béchade Emilie , Kéromnès Alan
Published: October 2024

In thermal spraying, controlling particles injection into the plasma plume is crucial and different injection techniques could be used, in particular axial injection. Understanding the impact of axial injection parameters (co-injector gas flow rate and suspension feed rate) is an essential factor in optimizing the coating processes and thus controlling the coating microstructure. Optical (shadowgraphy and particle image velocimetry) and thermal (hot zone length) diagnostics highlighted that the co-injector gas used on the Axial III Plus torch in Suspension Plasma Spraying had no positive effect on suspension atomization and treatment. In the absence of plasma gases, increasing the co-injector gas flow rate significantly improves suspension atomization. However, this benefit is not maintained in the presence of plasma jet because the co-injector gas constricts the suspension in the center of the plasma jet, delaying fragmentation and decreasing particle velocity in the plasma plume. Nevertheless, as the co-injector gas variations are minimal compared to the plasma gas flow, the influence on the microstructure remains relatively low, for example in thermal barrier coating applications. It is recommended to use the lowest possible co-injector gas flow rate to minimize its effect on the kinetic treatment of the particles.
Impact analysis of ethylene antagonists, storage environments and storage periods on postharvest physiology of ‘Cripps Pink’ apple fruit
Authors: Tokala Vijay Yadav , Afrifa-Yamoah Eben , Singh Zora
Published: October 2024

Ethylene management and manipulating storage conditions are crucial elements that impact the postharvest quality of apple fruit. This study demonstrated the optimal approach for preserving the quality of ‘Cripps Pink’ apple fruit during storage by minimizing ethylene production and action, respiration rate, physiological loss of weight (PLW), and textural changes. Ethylene antagonist treatment had the greatest impact on suppressing ethylene and respiration peaks, while storage duration notably influenced fruit firmness and PLW. Fumigation treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP), 1H-cyclopropabenzene (BC), and 1H-cyclopropa[b]naphthalene (NC) effectively reduced ethylene and respiration peaks. Storage conditions (cold, controlled atmosphere, and photocatalytic oxidation) affected ethylene production and respiration, with ozonized storage showing higher rates. Prolonged storage led to increased PLW, ethylene production, and decreased fruit firmness. The most effective treatment combination for ethylene action antagonism and maintaining fruit quality was MCP treatment in ozonized cold storage for 120 d.
Vascular Stress Markers Following Inhalation of Heated Tobacco Products: A Study on Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Antoniewicz Lukasz , Melnikov Georgy , Lyytinen Gustaf , Blomberg Anders , Bosson Jenny A. , Hedman Linnea , Mobarrez Fariborz , Lundbäck Magnus
Published: October 2024

The advent of heated tobacco products (HTPs) has introduced new variables in the study of nicotine delivery systems and their health implications. Amidst concerns over cardiovascular effects, this study aims to elucidate the acute impact of HTP inhalation on extracellular vesicles (EV) levels in young, healthy individuals. In this controlled, acute exposure study, 23 young, healthy volunteers were subjected to HTP inhalation. EV levels of endothelial and platelet origin were quantified through flow cytometry before and after exposure. Data analysis was performed using multiple measures ANOVA to assess changes in EV concentrations. Our findings reveal a significant increase in EVs of endothelial and platelet origin following short-term HTP inhalation with nicotine. Notably, no significant change was observed in leukocyte- and neutrophil-derived EVs. This increase in EVs suggests acute vascular stress, with peak levels observed 4 h post-exposure. The rise in endothelial and platelet-derived EVs aligns with documented responses to acute vascular injury, paralleling the effects seen with traditional cigarette and e-cigarette use. Despite HTPs being marketed as safer alternatives, our results indicate that nicotine-containing HTPs may still pose significant vascular risks. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence cautioning against the perceived safety of HTPs and reinforce the importance of regulatory oversight and public health initiatives targeting nicotine delivery technologies. Trial Registrations: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04824495, registered 2021–01-07.
Too many spines, or an integrative foundation of the Echiniscus spinulosus morphogroup (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae)
Authors: Gąsiorek Piotr , Sørensen Martin V.
Published: October 2024

Historical taxonomic bias has started to be effectively removed in tardigrade taxonomy in the last two decades by the application of modern statistical, genetic and morphological tools. Many of the “old” tardigrade taxa have been redefined, and their succinct original diagnoses—refined, finally resulting in making them properly identifiable and less enigmatic. At the same time, many of the “old” species were synonymised and perished in the taxonomic wastebasket. Herein, we address the species distinction between Echiniscus spiniger Richters, 1904 and Echiniscus spinulosus (Doyère, 1840) by means of integrative analyses of 11 European populations collected in the Mediterranean, the Carpathians and the Baltic Sea islands of Öland and Gotland, covering the southern distribution zone and northernmost known localities within trustworthy geographic range of these species. We disclose that, as previously hypothesised, E. spiniger is conspecific with E. spinulosus, and synonymised accordingly. We deliver morphological evidence supporting the triphyly of the morphogroup, with all tropical and subtropical species truly lacking intracuticular pillars, whereas the Palaearctic lineage corresponding solely to E. spinulosus and Afrotropical lineage represented by E. belloporus Gąsiorek and Kristensen, 2018—occasionally exhibiting pillars in some specimens. A synopsis and key to all representatives of the E. spinulosus morphogroup are provided, pinpointing to some problems that must be taken into consideration during identification and solved in the future.
A classification scheme for urban agriculture combining technical properties with characteristics related to the economic and social sustainability
Authors: Douziech Mélanie , Mann Stefan , Galley Stefan , Lansche Jens
Published: October 2024

Urban agriculture is often associated with sustainable agricultural practices. However, the variety of systems qualifying as urban agriculture and the limited information available about their sustainability question this direct relationship. To better understand differences in intra-urban agriculture systems and their sustainability, this paper proposed an holistic classification of urban agricultural systems and collected knowledge about the environmental, social, and economic sustainability of these systems. Such a classification is important to evaluate sustainability claims on urban agricultural systems, anticipate potential sustainability trade-offs between urban agricultural systems and propose preventive measures to address these, and ultimately guide the sustainable deployment of these systems. Compared with existing classifications, the novel classification scheme proposed here accounts for technological, social and economic characteristics of urban agriculture systems to better distinguish between all systems. It was built on 91 scientific papers. The economic intensity of production was, for example, an important characteristic to coherently group urban agriculture systems. The intensity of cooperation between all actors was another characteristic emphasized for certain urban agriculture systems. One end of the classification scheme describes ground-based open, socially motivated urban agriculture systems with high cooperation intensity and low production intensity. The other end of the classification scheme describes building-integrated quasi-closed systems with high production intensity. In between, we find: building-integrated conditioned systems, ground-based conditioned systems, and building-integrated open systems. Mapping sustainability claims from literature in the classification scheme supported its definition along the three characteristics. For example, urban farming was associated with job creation, food safety, water savings, and higher yields while urban gardening with educational potentials, biodiversity improvements, and lower yields. Their display in the classification scheme was therefore supported. To further support the use of the proposed scheme, additional quantitative research to better understand and quantify the sustainability of urban agriculture systems is required.
Comparative Analysis of Tsunami Casualty Estimation Approaches: Agent-Based Modeling versus Simplified Approach in Japanese Coastal Cities
Authors: Takabatake Tomoyuki , Hasegawa Nanami , Yamaguchi Keita , Esteban Miguel
Published: October 2024

Estimating potential casualties from a significant earthquake and tsunami event is crucial to enhance disaster preparedness and response. Although various approaches exist to assess potential casualties, few studies have made direct comparisons between them. The present study aimed to clarify the differences in the estimation of casualties between an agent-based model (ABM), which can capture detailed evacuation behavior but demands significant computational resources, and a simplified approach at less computational cost by assuming that evacuees would move along a straight line from their initial location to the closest evacuation destination. These different approaches were applied to three coastal cities in Japan—Mihama, Kushimoto, and Shingu in Wakayama Prefecture—revealing significant differences in the estimated results between the ABM and the simplified approach. Notably, when the effects of building collapse due to an earthquake were considered, the mortality rates estimated by the ABM were higher than those estimated by the simplified approach in the three cities. There were also significant differences in the spatial distribution of the estimated mortality rates between the ABM and the simplified approach. The findings suggest that while the simplified approach can yield results more quickly, casualty estimates derived from such models should be interpreted with caution.
Enhancing the MCL-SLAM algorithm to overcome the issue of illumination variation, non-static environment and kidnapping to present the NIK-SLAM
Authors: Agunbiade Olusanya Yinka
Published: October 2024

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is a major challenge that has been comprehensively investigated by scholars. SLAM’s ability to support autonomous navigation helps the robot to move from one place to another without being controlled by humans. This achievement has attracted the attention of scholars towards focusing on this area. Over the decades, countless procedures have been developed with extraordinary accomplishments. However, some problems can degrade the efficiency of SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) technique, and examples of such problems include environmental noises (light intensity and shadow), non-static environment, and kidnap robots. These problems create inconsistency in measurement that can lead to erroneous navigation for an unmanned vehicle. In minimizing the effect of these problems, a novel SLAM technique based on several re-modifications of MCL is presented in this paper. This innovative technique is known as NIK-SLAM. The NIK-SLAM is equipped with filters alongside some modifications of the original Monte-Carlo algorithm (MCL) to maximize its performance. The filters were employed to overcome the effect of shadow and light intensity while the re-modification of MCL is used to overcome the limitation of kidnapping and non-static objects. A publicly available dataset (TUM-RGBD) and a private dataset were used for evaluation. Matlab was used for simulation while assessments were based on quantitative and qualitative validation. The results demonstrated a better performance of the NIK-SLAM, attaining a lower trajectory error for most experiments when compared to the original MCL and other SLAM algorithms found in the literature, but at the expense of delayed processing time. Furthermore, this accomplishment supports pathway planning, and exploration into unstable environments while it decreases accident rates/human fatalities, and in the future study, the issue of delayed processing time will be addressed.
Post-Bruner Reflections on the Human Mind
Authors: Klempe Sven Hroar
Published: October 2024

After a short presentation of some key aspects of Jerome Bruner’s theories of the mind, this paper aims to assess his thinking on the mind in light of a broader context. This is done from three different angles: (1) By focusing on Roman Jakobson’s theories about language, which Bruner refers to. (2) By bringing in some post-structuralist perspectives that problematize narratives and logocentric entrenchments in scientific thinking. (3) By analyzing the eighteenth-century German discussion among Christian Wolff, Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten and Immanuel Kant about the role of metaphysics in their understanding of psychology. The findings indicate that Roman Jakobson, with his poetic understanding of language, may point to a valid path for future research on the mind. Moreover, Jakobson’s understanding is also compatible with Baumgarten’s use of poetic aspects. Both manage to subvert the logocentric aspect of humans’ use of language and by this demonstrate how metacognition has to be understood through esthetic functions that go beyond a logocentric use of language. The Wolffian emphasis on mathematics and logic in Wolff’s understanding of psychology is comparable with many of the premises for the cognitive revolution in the 1950s. The Kantian focus on concepts and rule-governed understanding also points in this direction. Bruner seems to ignore the historical background for discussions of psychology in the twentieth century, and because of this has problems moving beyond the logocentric premises that govern most of the cognitive sciences.
Enhancement of the anaerobic biodegradation efficiency of azo dye by anthraquinone-loaded biochar biofilm: factors affecting biofilm formation and the enhancement mechanism
Authors: Wang Guangyuan , Cui Chenhao , Wang Yuqian , Pang Jiwei , Yang Shanshan , Wu Chuandong , Fang Rui , Zhang Luyan , Ren Nanqi , Ding Jie
Published: October 2024

Carbon-based materials that serve as microbial carriers, and the role of surface-formed biofilms in anaerobic digestion, merit further investigation. This study explored the role and mechanism behind the biodegradation enhancement of biofilms formed onto anthraquinone-loaded biochar (AQS-BC) surfaces through the anaerobic decolorization process of azo dye Reactive Red 2, and optimized the conditions for AQS-BC biofilm formation. The results indicated that the AQS-BC biofilm system exhibited high treatment efficiency and stability in RR2 anaerobic decolorization. RR2 led to the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and inhibition of methane production, while the presence of AQS increased methane production. The effects of sludge concentration, contact time, carbon source concentration, and RR2 concentration on biofilm maturity were also analyzed. Combining biochemical characteristics, electrochemical properties, surface structure, and microbial community analysis, a mechanism for the anaerobic decolorization of RR2 via AQS-BC as a microbial carrier was proposed. This study provides insights into the roles of biofilms in the anaerobic wastewater treatment processes.

Graphical Abstract
Blending BDI Agents with Object-Oriented and Functional Programming with JaKtA
Authors: Baiardi Martina , Burattini Samuele , Ciatto Giovanni , Pianini Danilo
Published: October 2024

The popularity of multi-paradigm languages is on the rise, enabling developers to select the most appropriate paradigm for each task. While object-oriented and functional programming are commonly combined, other paradigms can also be hybridized. This paper introduces JaKtA, an internal Domain-Specific Language designed to support the definition of Belief-Desire-Intention agents in Kotlin. Our work represents an initial exploration into blending Agent-Oriented Programming with other prevalent paradigms, emphasizing the potential benefits of using internal Domain-Specific Languages. We demonstrate, through JaKtA, how this approach facilitates the creation of compact and expressive Belief-Desire-Intention agents that seamlessly integrate with the host language, its libraries, and tooling.
Comparison of current and proposed travel modes for students considering travelling and sustainable indicators
Authors: Farooq Abdus Samad , Akhtar Ayesha , Javid Muhammad Ashraf , Zafar Sameer , Khan Zahid Ullah
Published: October 2024

In the twenty-first century, global warming has become one of the severe challenges. Around one-fourth of the total carbon footprint is contributed by transport vehicles. It is crucial to provide alternative solutions to unsustainable transportation systems. This study compares the present travel modes of students of the Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, with the proposed sustainable travel mode. A campus survey (N = 565) was conducted to understand travel choices, travel times, origin and destinations, and student preferences, considering university buses and private vehicles. A comparison was made between the travel time analysis of university bus users and non-bus users. A sustainability analysis has been conducted to evaluate the effects of the present travel modes on students and the proposed university bus transport system. Five main factors were compared: fuel consumption and associated fuel costs, carbon and vehicular emissions, traffic noise pollution, traffic congestion, and accident ratio. The results show that 38% of students commute by private cars and 18% by motorbikes. Around 25% of the students avoid university buses due to long travel times, and 30% prefer because their parents ask them. On average, university buses take 56.8 min, and non-bus transports take 38.8 min for one-way travel. If all students travel by university busses, they could be 86% more sustainable in fuel costs and carbon emissions than non-bus travel modes. These results give useful policy implications for providing sustainable travel alternatives to educational institutions.
Zinc metalloprotease FgM35, which targets the wheat zinc-binding protein TaZnBP, contributes to the virulence of Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Wang Xin-tong , Liu Kou-han , Li Ying , Ren Yan-yan , Li Qiang , Wang Bao-tong
Published: October 2024

Metalloproteinases are ubiquitous in organisms. Most metalloproteinases secreted by pathogenic microorganisms are also called virulence factors, because they degrade proteins in the external tissues of the host, thereby reducing the host’s immunity and increasing its susceptibility to disease. Zinc metalloproteinase is one of the most common metalloproteinases. In our report, we studied the biological function of zinc metalloprotease FgM35 in Fusarium graminearum and the pathogen–host interaction during infection. We found that the asexual and sexual reproduction of the deletion mutant ΔFgM35 were affected, as well as the tolerance of F. graminearum to metal stress. In addition, deletion of FgM35 reduced the virulence of F. graminearum. The wheat target TaZnBP was screened using a wheat yeast cDNA library, and the interaction between FgM35 and TaZnBP was verified by HADDOCK molecular docking, yeast two-hybrid, Bi-FC, Luc, and Co-IP assays. The contribution of TaZnBP to plant immunity was also demonstrated. In summary, our work revealed the indispensable role of FgM35 in the reproductive process and the pathogenicity of F. graminearum, and it identified the interaction between FgM35 and TaZnBP as well as the function of TaZnBP. This provides a theoretical basis for further study of the function of metalloproteinases in pathogen–host interactions.
Sustainable transformation of end-of-life tyres into value-added products using thermochemical processes
Authors: Han Bing , Kumar Dileep , Pei Yang , Norton Michael , Adams Scott D. , Khoo Sui Yang , Kouzani Abbas Z.
Published: October 2024

The end-of-life tyres (ELTs) are currently critical environmental and societal problems due to their large quantity and chemical structure. The thermochemical process has been acknowledged as a viable option for extracting material and energy from ELTs. This review outlines the cutting-edge thermochemical techniques for recycling tyres, encompassing gasification, pyrolysis, and incineration. Additionally, it delves into the primary by-products, including oil, gas, and char. The advantages and disadvantages of each process are discussed in terms of energy efficiency, product yield, and environmental impact. The optimal reaction conditions for each product yield and quality are identified and described. The correlation between process parameters and product composition, yield and quality is clarified. Products after further processing are illustrated with specific examples. Future research directions such as upgrade of char product using low-temperature partial-oxidation process are given. This review is novel in its comprehensive synthesis of the latest advancements in thermochemical techniques for recycling ELTs, highlighting recent innovations in gasification, pyrolysis, and incineration methods. It is also a timely review due to the urgent need for sustainable waste management solutions amidst growing environmental concerns and stringent regulations on tyre disposal.

Graphical Abstract
Impact of internal wave drag on Arctic sea ice
Authors: Flocco Daniela , Feltham Daniel , Schroeder David , Aksenov Yevgeny , Siahaan Antony , Tsamados Michel
Published: October 2024

A parameterization of the impact of internal waves on momentum transfer at the sea-ice–ocean interface based on previous work by McPhee has been implemented in a sea-ice model for the first time. The ice–ocean drag from internal waves is relevant for shallow mixed layer depth and the presence of a density jump at the pycnocline and is also a function of the strength of the stratification beneath the ocean mixed layer and geometry of the ice interface. We present results from a coupled sea-ice–ocean model where the parameterization of internal wave drag has been implemented. We conducted simulations spanning the years from 2000 to 2017. We find a deceleration of ice drift by 5–8% in both winter and summer, but with significant spatial and temporal variation reaching seasonal average values of ~10%. The spatial variation of ice transport leads to local impacts on deformed ice of magnitude ~0.05 m (2–5%), and reductions in ocean-to-ice heat fluxes of ~1 W m−2, and a decrease in bottom melt of ~0.02–0.04 cm d−1. There is an increase of up to 15% in thickness and ice concentration in the Canadian Arctic and a 10% overall impact on the total sea-ice volume.
Comparing heterogeneity of sea-ice models with viscous-plastic and Maxwell elasto-brittle rheology
Authors: Bourgett Mirjam , Losch Martin , Plante Mathieu
Published: October 2024

Classical sea-ice models in climate model resolution do not resolve the small-scale physics of sea ice. New methods to address this problem include modifications to established viscous-plastic (VP) rheology models, sub-gridscale parameterizations or new rheologies such as the Maxwell elasto-brittle (MEB) rheology. Here, we investigate differences in gridscale dynamics simulated by the VP and MEB models, their dependency on tunable model parameters and their response to added stochastic perturbations of material parameters in a new implementation in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model. Idealized simulations are used to demonstrate that material parameters can be tuned so that both VP and MEB rheologies lead to similar cohesive stress states, arching behaviour and heterogeneity in the deformation fields. As expected, simulations with MEB rheology generally show more heterogeneity than the VP model as measured by the number of simulated linear kinematic features (LKFs). For both rheologies, the cohesion determines the emergence of LKFs. Introducing gridscale heterogeneity by random model parameter perturbation, however, leads to a larger increase of LKF numbers in the VP simulations than in the MEB simulations and similar heterogeneity between VP and MEB models.
Why aren't we teaching writing?: The advantages of early explicit writing instruction in linguistics
Authors: Doner Julianne , Sullivan Lisa , Melara Emilia , Yawney Heather
Published: October 2024

Linguistics faculty are sometimes reluctant to provide explicit writing instruction in their courses. One major point of hesitancy is that there is not enough time to “add” writing to the curriculum. We argue, in contrast, that spending strategic time on writing reinforces and enriches the linguistics curriculum, rather than detracting from it. When students apply linguistics to the real world through relevant writing assignments, linguistics becomes more meaningful, which increases student engagement and improves the perception of linguistics. Explicit writing instruction is beneficial for all students, but especially marginalized students. Teaching students how to write also provides them with transferable skills that they can take with them to their future careers.
Preparedness and Response Strategies for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Incidents in the Middle East and North Africa: An Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Delphi Approach
Authors: Farhat Hassan , Alinier Guillaume , Bajow Nidaa , Batt Alan , Helou Mariana Charbel , Campbell Craig , Shin Heejun , Mortelmans Luc , Dehghani Arezoo , Dumbeck Carolyn , Mugavero Roberto , Abougalala Walid , Zelfani Saida , Laughton James , Ciottone Gregory , Dhiab Mohamed Ben
Published: October 2024

Objective

Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) incidents require meticulous preparedness, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This study evaluated CBRN response operational flowcharts, tabletop training scenarios methods, and a health sector preparedness assessment tool specific to the MENA region.

Methods

An online Delphi survey engaging international disaster medicine experts was conducted. Content validity indices (CVIs) were used to validate the items. Consensus metrics, including interquartile ranges (IQRs) and Kendall’s W coefficient, were utilized to assess the panelists’ agreement levels. Advanced artificial intelligence computing methods, including sentiment analysis and machine-learning methods (t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding [t-SNE] and k-means), were used to cluster the consensus data.

Results

Forty experts participated in this study. The item-level CVIs for the CBRN response flowcharts, preparedness assessment tool, and tabletop scenarios were 0.96, 0.85, and 0.84, respectively, indicating strong content validity. Consensus analysis demonstrated an IQR of 0 for most items and a strong Kendall’s W coefficient, indicating a high level of agreement among the panelists. The t-SNE and k-means identified four clusters with greater European response engagement.

Conclusions

This study validated essential CBRN preparedness and response tools using broad expert consensus, demonstrating their applicability across different geographic areas.
Impact of COVID-19 on Incidence, Treatment, and Survival of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Netherlands
Authors: Furumaya Alicia , van Delden Otto M. , de Wilde Roeland F. , de Vos-Geelen Judith , van der Geest Lydia G.
Published: October 2024

Objective

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) care is unclear. This study reports on HCC patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with HCC between 2017 and 2020 were identified from the Netherlands Cancer Registration. Monthly incidence rates were compared between 2020 and 2017–2019. Patient, tumor, process, and treatment characteristics and survival were compared between 2020 and 2017–2019, and between COVID-high (April and May 2020) and COVID-low (June and July 2020) months.

Results

The incidence of HCC was lower in May 2020 (IRR 0.56, P = 0.001) and higher in June 2020 (IRR 1.32, P = 0.05) compared to the same months in 2017–2019. In 2017–2019, 2134 patients presented with HCC, compared to 660 in 2020. Time-to-treatment was shorter in 2020 (median 60 vs. 70 days, P < 0.001). The percentage of patients undergoing any treatment did not differ, yet if treatment was not performed this was more commonly due to comorbidity in 2020 (52 vs. 39%, P < 0.001). No other differences were found in patient, tumor, process and treatment characteristics and survival between COVID-high and COVID-low months.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated no impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HCC patients, despite a decrease in HCC diagnoses.
How and when candidate race affects inferences about ideology and group favoritism
Authors: Wu Jennifer D. , Huber Gregory A.
Published: October 2024

How does a candidate's racial background affect the inferences voters make about them? Prior work finds that Black candidates are perceived to be more liberal. Using two survey experiments, we test whether this effect persists when candidate partisanship and issue positions are specified and also consider other consequential voter perceptions. We make two contributions. First, we show that while Black candidates are perceived to be more liberal than White candidates with the same policy positions, this difference is smaller for Black candidates who adopt more conservative positions on race-related issues. Second, we find that voters, both Black and White, believe Black candidates will prioritize the interests of Black constituents over those of White constituents, regardless of candidate positions.