bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Salt on the Viscosity and Microstructure of Hydrophobically Associating Water-Soluble Polymer
Authors: zhang Rui , Qin Ni , Hu Bing Yan , Ye Zhong Bing
Published: October 2011

The effects of Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ on hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymers (HAWP) were studied in this paper.Their decreased viscosity in aqueous solution at different salt concentrations were measured and the corresponding microstructure by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were determined. The results show that the destructive microstrucure was the intrinsic reason for the decresed viscosity. Among the three salt aqueous solutins, CaCl2 has the highest strong destructive capability to the microstucute of HAWP.
Supercritical Extraction Technology in Tea Polysaccharide Extracting Application
Authors: Chen Ming , Xiong Lin Yuan
Published: October 2011

The thesis analyses and compares the traditional tea polysaccharide extracting technology, goes on the experimental research of the supercritical extraction technology in tea polysaccharide extracting, and confirms the best technical parameters of the supercritical extraction in tea polysaccharide extracting.，at the condition of the grain size was 380um、20% anhydrous ethanol、extracting pressure 35Mpa、extracting temperature45°C、extracting time2h, the extraction rate of TPS could reach 92.5%.Compared with other methods, Supercritical CO2 extraction technology can keep tea polysaccharide activity better,and it has a good application prospect.
Experimental Research of Applicability Condition for Foam Flooding
Authors: Li Song Yan , Li Zhao Min , Liu Wei , Li Bin Fei
Published: October 2011

A series of experiments were conducted according the formation condition of Bohai Oilfield, and applicability conditions and optimum parameters were gained. From economic considerations, foam injection volume should be from 0.3 to 0.5 PV. Applicable permeability ratio range of foam flooding is less than 15. When permeability variation coefficient is from 0.64 to 0.72, oil recovery improvement is the highest. When water cut of produced fluid for water flooding is from 80 % to 90 %, the effect of foam injection is the best. The blocking effect of foam in core is good for gas liquid ratio from 0.5 to 2.5. Considering gas crossflow, gas water ratio should be limited from 0.5 to 1.0. Slug injection is better than continuous and SAG injection methods. If there is high-permeable layer or high capacity channel with permeability higher than 10 D, deep blankoff using blocking agent should be implemented before foam injection.
Floatation Column Test Research into Ore Way
Authors: Xiao Yao Zong , Zhang Wen Jun , Wang Bin , Tai Chun Cheng
Published: October 2011

Developed a test using column flotation device, this experiment device in the structure designing considerate multifunctional traits, realizing continuous and respectively working. In the testing platform, installing two diameter vertical and inclined floatation column, so the device can complete roughing, selection and sweep the election testing. On researching the inflatable way, designing and testing two kinds of inflatable devices, one is jet, the other is sand core type. And testing three kinds of into ore ways, conical nozzle atomizer, atomizer grid and bar nozzle device. Through a series of contrast testing, making useful testing data, the testing provide the basis for designing the floatation column.
Research on Degree Evaluation of Rural Waste Recycling of Heilongjiang Province Based on the Integrated Evaluation Method
Authors: Shang Jie , Yao Yuan
Published: October 2011

This paper has analyzed the degree of agricultural waste recycling utilization, and problems existing in current rural calculated degree of waste recycling in Heilongjiang province, using AHP and entropy weight method integrated and construct the rural waste recycling system, and points out that the evaluation index system of agricultural waste recycling after the development direction.,This paper has analyzed the degree of agricultural waste recycling utilization, and problems existing in current rural calculated degree of waste recycling in Heilongjiang province, using AHP and entropy weight method integrated and construct the rural waste recycling system, and points out that the evaluation index system of agricultural waste recycling after the development direction.
Experimental Study on Solar Ponds Combination with Solar Collector
Authors: Wu Dan , Liu Hong Sheng , Sun Wen Ce
Published: October 2011

The performance of Salt-gradient solar ponds (SGSP) with and without the solar collector are investigated experimentally in this paper. Two mini solar ponds with same structure are built, and one the them is appended with an exceptive solar collector for compared study. The salinity, temperature and turbidity of solar pond are studied contrastively for the two solar ponds under the same ambient conditions. The ambient temperatures,humidity and solar radiation are investigated during the experimental period. It was found that the temperature of the lower convective zone in the solar pond coupled with a solar collector increases by about 20% due to the introduce of solar collector.
Region City Electrical Network Electric Power Sustainable Development Research Based on State Space Law and Ecology Supporting Capacity
Authors: Zhang Xiao Hui , Zheng Yuan De , Zhang Mei Chang , He Biao , Zou Hong Liang
Published: October 2011

This article chooses Tai Zhou area power sustainable development as the research object, combining the study area-specific nature, ecology and power economic development, ecological carrying capacity of coastal areas in TAI Zhou as a precondition to achieve sustainable development objectives of power. From the resource capacity, the market capacity, and environmental carrying capacity three aspects to build a coastal area of TAI Zhou Power Development Study of ecological carrying capacity evaluation index system. State space law on the change of status of regional ecological carrying capacity is analyzed, discussed the changes in ecological carrying capacity of the main power to seek ways to achieve sustainable development of electricity method.
A Multiaxial Fatigue Reliability Analysis Method of Casing Drilling in Casing String
Authors: Wang Ping , Qu Zhan , Zhang Jiong , Zhang Jian Bing , Wang Liang
Published: October 2011

The Von Mises equivalent stress criteria is used to equivalent convert and correct the uniaxial and biaxial fatigue reliability experimental study of the casing material. And the probabilistic fatigue P–S–N curve of the casing is gained. The fatigue limit and fatigue life in test is equivalent convert to actual casing by combined stress correction factor. A multiaxial fatigue life calculation formula is proposed by correcting the probabilistic fatigue P–S–N curve.
Study of Slime Water Concentration Measurement and Influencing Factors with Ultrasonic Attenuation Theory
Authors: Wang Wei Dong , Zhang Cheng Lian , Wang Wen Jie , Fu Chang
Published: October 2011

With the increasing degree of mechanization coal mining, the coal proportion less than 0.5 mm grade was increased year by year in raw coal in our country, which increase the difficulty of the slurry water treatment. However, the treatment can reduce the concentration of Wash water, realize the closed water circuit. And the economy of water resources the reclaim of coal and the protection of ecological environment can be influenced. And the correct detection of slime water concentration is the basis of all work. At present, the gamma-ray detection method is used to test Coal Slurry water concentration, with which there are a lot of inconvenience. The ultrasonic technology is introduced to detect coal slurry water concentration. The ultrasonic attenuation rule in the slurry water and the factors of affecting the acoustic attenuation are researched. The solutions are brought up. Tests show that ultrasonic detection technology can replace the traditional gamma-ray method and has great practical value.
Application of Coupling Model of Projection Pursuit Partial Least-Square Regression Based on Real Coded Accelerating Genetic Algorithm in Land Use Change Forecasting
Authors: Wang Hai Tao , Xu Zhen Wen , Wang Bin , Li Heng
Published: October 2011

In study of Land Use Change forecasting, lots of methods have been developed ,such as Markov model、BP algorithm、Canonical correlation analysis, least-squares regression analysis ,but these methods have deficiency in decision and often inadequate in sample size. In response to these deficiencies，projection pursuit Partial Least-Square Regression based on real coded accelerating genetic algorithm model is developed to analyze and predict land use change in Yanji City. The computation results show that the relative error of Coupling Model of Partial Least-Square Regression Based on Projection Pursuit is smaller than traditional Partial Least-Square Regression model’s, and it has improved the prediction precision evidently.
Preparation and Properties of Polypropylene/Pottery Stone Composites
Authors: Song Zheng Hua , Ruphun T , Karnjanamayul T
Published: October 2011

Pottery stone (PTS) filled polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared using a twin screw extruder and injection molding machine. PTS used in this study is in a particulate form with an average particle size of 6.95 μm. The melt flow index (MFI), tensile properties (tensile strength, Young’s modulus and elongation at break), notched-impact strength, flexural strength, thermal stability and morphology of the PP/PTS composites were investigated. The results showed that the incorporation of PTS into the PP matrix caused a slight decrease in the MFI, an increase in the tensile strength (5 and 10 phr, but 10 phr optimal), Young’s modulus (all, but 20 phr optimal), impact strength (all, but 20 phr optimal), flexural strength (all, but 10 phr optimal) and thermal stability (all, but 20 phr optimal) and a decrease in the elongation at break. Therefore, PTS can be effectively used as reinforcing filler in PP. The fractured surfaces of the composites displayed the well dispersed of PTS in PP matrix and also exhibited plastic deformation feature.
The Research and First Application on Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System in Substation of AnHui
Authors: Xie Hong Fu , Zhang Ji , Zhang Ling Yi , Wang Yu
Published: October 2011

The distributed power generation is an energy development way which can most manifest the multiple advantages such as the energy saving, emission reduction, safety and flexible trait. As a kind of distributed power generation technology of renewable energy, photovoltaic power generation has already transited from supplement energy to alternative energy. Although solar photovoltaic power generation industry develops very quickly in China, actual application cases of substation photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system are few. In this paper, the research of photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system is used in Zhuishan substation in Bengbu Anhui province. The system is the first set of substation photovoltaic-connected grid power generation system in Anhui province. It has being operated for three years safety and steady. The whole application of the system is advanced and groundbreaking in the domestic.
Hg0 Removal by Activated Coke Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Wang Jun Wei , Yang Jian Li , Liu Zhen Yu
Published: October 2011

Gas-phase elemental mercury (Hg0) removal by activated coke (AC) supported metal oxide catalysts MxOy/AC (MxOy=MnO2, Fe2O3, CuO) were studied under N2+HCl atmosphere and compared with that by AC. The influences of MxOy loading, temperature and Hg0 concentration on Hg0 removal were investigated. The results indicate that the capabilities of MxOy/AC for Hg0 removal were much higher than that of AC, indicating the important role of MxOy. The capabilities were found to follow the trend MnO2/AC > Fe2O3/AC > CuO/AC, which was corresponding to the oxidation activities of MxOy. The Hg0 removal capability of MnO2/AC increased with an increase of the MnO2 loading (1-10 wt.%) and temperature (120-200 °C). Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the correlation between MnO2 and Hg adsorbed over MnO2/AC.
Discussion on Control Measures of Combined Sewer Overflows
Authors: Ou Yang Lin , Chen Zhi Li
Published: October 2011

With the acceleration of urbanization, Combined Sewer Overflows(CSOS) has become one of the important sources of polluted urban water. This paper overviewed the domestic and foreign CSOs current situation, and analysed the problems and deficiencies in the regulatory of CSOs in China. According to the characteristics of CSOs, we suggested that the regulatory of CSOs focus on the source, pipes and ends of the drainage system. The conclusion would be evidence for improving the combined sewerage system in China.
Study on the Treatment of High Concentration Dye Wastewater on Modified Active Carbon Cloth Electrode
Authors: Xia Hong
Published: October 2011

In this study, for the ﬁrst time nanostructured TiO2 and Fe2O3 was loaded on active carbon cloth (ACC) as electrodes to be used in an electrochemical oxidation system. This novel TiO2-ACC and Fe2O3 / TiO2-ACC composite electrodes(or modified electrodes) were characterized by scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM)and cyclic voltammetry(CV).During the degradation of dye wastewater, electrochemical oxidation system with TiO2-ACC and Fe2O3 / TiO2-ACC electrodes showed much higher activity than with ACC electrodes. The system with Fe2O3 / TiO2-ACC electrodes acquired the best COD removal: the COD of wastewater decreased from 33000 mg/L to 8700mg/L. The removal rate of COD reached 74%, which was 19% higher than ACC system.
Preparation and Photoelectrocatalytic Activity of CdS Particles Embedded in Highly Ordered TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Electrode for HCB Degradation
Authors: Huang Ming Xi , Xue Jian Jun , Xie Li , Ling Shi Sheng , Zhou Ning , Cai Yan Hua , Qian Jia Yan
Published: October 2011

Photoelectrocatalytic degradation performance of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was assessed with a newly designed continuous photocatalytic reactor. CdS/TiO2 NTs were successfully prepared by depositing CdS particles on the surface of TiO2 nanotube arrays.The morphology, phase structure and photoelectric properties of CdS/TiO2 NTs were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photoelectrocatalytic activity of CdS/TiO2 NTs was evaluated in degradation of HCB in aqueous solution. The experimental results show that CdS/TiO2 NTs exhibited higher photoabsorption rate under visible light, bigger photocurrent (value) and improved photocatalytic activity than TiO2 NTs.
Notch Filter Design with GUIDE
Authors: Chen Lei
Published: October 2011

Because of the mechanical construction, wind turbine control algorithm should contain notch filters to avoid pitch action at 3P and 6P. Using the interface of notch filter design and analysis based on GUIDE, the characteristics and simulation results can be displayed at the same time. The whole process from design to simulation is achieved. The development of notch filter in wind turbine control becomes easy.
Comparative Analysis on Competitiveness of the Environmental Protection Industry in the Central Part of China by Using TOPSIS Method Based on Entropy Weight
Authors: Shang Jie , Zhang Liang
Published: October 2011

According to statistical yearbook of data in the provinces and cities of China in 2010, different developing level of provinces which represents environmental protection are selected as research samples from environmental protection, they are Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Shanxi, Jiangxi and Heilongjiang. Using entropy and TOPSIS evaluating model analysis for each target to calculate weight; evaluating and analyzing competitiveness of environmental protection industry in the central region of the provinces combined with the weight. The results show that: Henan>Anhui> Hubei > Shanxi > Hunan > Jiangxi > Heilongjiang.
Processes of Water Absorption and Desorption for Intercepted Rainwater by the Leaf of Two Land Cover Plants
Authors: Liu Ying , Liang Xi , Su De Rong
Published: October 2011

Rainfall interception is an important hydrological process occurred in soil-plant-atmosphere continunm(SPAC). Understanding the hydrological response in vegetation will help us improve water use efficiency. In this paper, an investigation of leaf water absorption and desorption was conducted through two land cover plants of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall.) under simulating rainfall conditions. The purpose was to evaluate the capacity of water retention in the leaf level. The results showed that the leaf water absorption of the two plants was rapid at the initial stage of rainfall interception, tended to be slowness after one hour, and finally got a threshold, which is turgid leaf water content. While the intercepted water by leaf faded away, the leaf started to get desorption. The processes of leaf water desorption of the two plants were similar to the process of leaf water absorption. The rate of desorption was rapidly at the initial stage after water on the leaf surface faded away, then tended to be slow down while a time, and finally got a threshold of leaf water content. Relative to the process of water absorption, the process of water desorption lasted longer time. The models of both water absorption and desorption can be expressed as: C=C0(1-e-kt). The results also showed that turgid leaf water content rose linearly with the increase of SLA.
Evaluation on the Technological Innovation Capability of Rural Bioenergy Industry in China
Authors: Shang Jie , Wang Ling Ling
Published: October 2011

China has the abundant agro-residue resources, producing about 20% of total energy consumption in rural areas. Improving the ability of technology innovation is crucial for providing efficient utilization of bioenergy. In order to evaluate the ability of technological innovation of biomass energy industry, this thesis constructed index system, organizing data using SPASS and uses coefficient of variation to analyze the gap between China and other developed countries. The results show that the ability of China's biomass energy industry has great potential for technological innovation.
Analysis on the Occurance Regularity of High Temperature Disaster from June to September in Recent 50a in Chongqing
Authors: Zhang Jian Ping , He Yong Kun
Published: October 2011

Taking the day numbers of daily average temperature ≥30°C and the day numbers of daily maximum temperature ≥35°C as the index of high temperature disaster, the occurrence regularity of high temperature disaster for June to September was analyzed from 1961 to 2010 in Chongqing. The results showed that there was a large inter-decadal variation in occurrence of high temperature disaster. The most severe year of high temperature disaster was the year of 2006, while the year of 1987 is the lightest one. The general trend was that it was the lowest one in the 1980s and gradually increased in the 1990s, and reached the highest value in the 2000s. The spatial distribution of the day numbers of daily average temperature ≥30°C was the same as that of the day numbers of daily maximum temperature ≥35°C. The highest values were distributed at the areas of Kaixian, Yunyang, Wushan in the Northeast part and Fengdu, Fuling in the middle part and Banan,Shapingba,Beibei in urban district and Qijiang in the southwest part. The lowest values were distributed at the areas of Xiushan,Youyang,Qianjiang in the southeast part and Chengkou,Fengjie in the northeast part and Dazu,Rongchang in the west part.
Health Risk of some Trace Elements in the Water of the Subsidence Pool in Huainan
Authors: Wang Xing Ming , Dong Zhong Bing , Liu Gui Jiang , Mei Jing Liang , Yao Jie
Published: October 2011

Samples of water were collected from the subsidence pools around the coal waste rock piles and some toxic trace elements were determined. The results conclused as the mean concentrations of As, Zn and Pb ranged from 4.71E-03 to 1.78E-02, 9.22E-03 to 2.13E-02, 1.69E-03 to 5.43E-03, respectively, which were lower than the first level of surface water environment quality standards established in China. The mean concentrations of Cd and Cu ranged from 3.30E-04 to 1.25E-03, 1.04E-02 to1.85E-02, respectively, which were within the range of the second level. As the HQs of As, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu were less than 1, suggesting minimal noncarcinogenic risk to human health. Only As was evaluated with potential carcinogenic risks of 3.17E-04 and 2.02E-04 (>10-4) in the water of subsidence pools around Panyi and Guqiao coal waste rock piles via oral consumption, indicating that As had potential adverse effects on local residents in these two sites. This study is to investigate the contamination levels of trace elements and to estimate the risk to health effects in the water of the subsidence pools in Huainan.
Phosphorus Distribution in the Sediments of Rongcheng Swan Lake, China
Authors: Gao Li , Song Peng Peng , Hou Jin Zhi
Published: October 2011

Rongcheng Swan Lake is a small lagoon in eastern Shandong Peninsula, China, whose water quality and ecological environment has deteriorated in recent years. The surface and core sediments were collected from Swan Lake to investigate the concentrations and spatial-vertical distribution of total phosphorus (TP) and various P forms. TP concentrations of the surface sediments (0-10 cm) were low, ranging from 79.15 mg kg-1 to 565.12 mg kg-1. TP concentrations in sediments were relatively high in the northwestern and central lake, and low near the sand spit, which was largely influenced by the anthropogenic inputs and sediment grain size. Inorganic P (IP) was the dominant form of TP, and apatite phosphorus (AP) was the major component of IP in surface sediments. At four of the six sediment profiles, the concentrations of TP, organic P (OP) and non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) decreased rapidly with depth in the surface 0-10 cm layers, which was related to the increase of anthropogenic inputs in recent 20-30 years. In conclusion, the sediments in northwestern area had great potential for P release in the alkaline water of Swan Lake.
Growth Effect and Accumulation of as on / in Two Vegetables in Three Types of Chinese Soil
Authors: Gu Qing Bao , Peng Chang Sheng , Zhang Qian , Li Fa Sheng
Published: October 2011

Greenhouse trials with brassica camprestris (BC) and raphanns sativns (RS) grown in three types of Chinese soils (Henan fluvo-aquic soil; Jilin black soil; and Hunan red soil) were conducted to evaluate the growth effect and accumulation of As on/in vegetables resulting from different arsenic contents in soils. The arsenic uptake rate of the vegetables response to type of soils and investigated plant species as well. Experimental results show that low arsenic content in soil has no effect on vegetable growth, but promote the biomass of vegetables. However, higher arsenic concentrations in soils lead to decrease in growth of both leaf- and root systems of the vegetables, especially when arsenic concentration is above 90 mg kg-1 in the soil. Arsenic levels in soils and vegetables correlated positively according to the experimental results. The tests also reveal that vegetables grown in alkali soils may accumulate more arsenic than that in acid soils, which suggests that arsenic in different types of soil may have different impacts on vegetables even with the same concentration. Arsenic concentration in RS is always higher than that in BC during the experiments, which indicates root vegetables may, have greater ability for arsenic uptake from soil than leafy vegetables potentially.
Research and Realization of the Grid-Side Converter Used in Doubly-Fed Wind Power Generation Simulation Test Platform
Authors: Mei Bai Shan , Yu Jiang , Yao Gang
Published: October 2011

The mathematical model of the grid-side converter is analyzed. A control system of the grid-side converter used in 7.5kW doubly-fed wind power generation simulation test platform is designed. The TI TMS320F28335 DSP is choosing to be the main controller. The decoupled control and the double closed loops control are adapted in the system. The control strategies of stabilizing DC-link voltage and unity power factor control operating at sub-synchronous and super-synchronous state are realized. The experimental results show that the mathematical model and control strategies are correct and effective.
What are Basic Principles in Environmental Science
Authors: Tong Zhi Qi , Gu Lei , Ma Jian Hua
Published: October 2011

Until now, there are different opinions upon basic principles of environmental science. Few scholars believe that there are no unique basic principles in environment science, but many scientists disagree with this opinion. Based on the foundations of previous work, four basic principles of environmental science are put forward in this paper: systematic principle of environment, principle of environmental capacity, symbiosis principle of human between environment, and entropy principle.
Occurrence of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Six Fish Species from Baihua Lake, China
Authors: Luo Jin , Liu Chun , Hu Ji Wei , Fu Li Ya , Jin Xiao Fei
Published: October 2011

Baihua Lake, a man-made reservoir located in a typical plateau karstic area, is one of the five drinking water sources for Guiyang city. In the present research, the organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in the muscle tissues of six fish species collected from Baihua Lake were estimated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) . The total concentration of OCPs ranged from 2.83 to 94.25 ng g-1 (dry weight), and that of PCBs ranged from ND to 4.78 ng g-1. p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDE, γ-HCH and PCB28 were detected in the majority of the samples. However the biomagnifications of OCPs and PCBs were not significant in the selected fish from the lake.
State of the Art Review on Landfill and Leachates Treatment in China
Authors: Hu Chen Yan
Published: October 2011

The main objectives of this study were to describe the municipal solid waste management, leachate characteristics of China landfills, and to summarize the present research of leachate treatments in china such as biological treatment, physical and chemical treatment and land treatment. In the survey of leachate from landfill in Chinese megapolis, the quality is characterized by chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 1500-80000 mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of 200-35000 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) of 50-2400 mg/L, total nitrogen of 80-2600 mg/L, suspended solid of 30-7000 mg/L and pH value of 5-7.8. In engineering practices of China, the biological systems are usually adopted. Meanwhile, as far as the special quality of leachate is concerned, some chemical treatments are used as the pre-treatment or post-treatment to promote the effluent or improve the biological degradability of leachate.
Flocculation of Harmful Algal Blooms by Modified Fly Ash
Authors: Miao Chun Guang , Wang Xiang Qin , Zhang Hong
Published: October 2011

The flocculants of fly ash(FA) and modified fly ash (mFA)were investigated in this study to evaluate their flocculation efficiencies in freshwater containing harmful algal blooms(HABs). The experimental results show that the efficiency of flocculation can be prominent improved by mFA.It was found that the fly ash modified by hydrochloric acid could form network structure bundle, algal cells were wrapped up through netting and bridging effect. So the method that removal of HABs with modified fly ash is low cost with high efficiency
Soil Erosion Process in Sloped Shrub Plots under Simulated Rainfall
Authors: Xiao Pei Qing , Yao Wen Yi , Wang Chang Gao
Published: October 2011

Runoff, sediment yield and infiltration process of shrub plots were studied under rainfall intensities of 45, 87 and 127 mm/h with 20° slope gradient using simulated rainfall experiment. The results showed that cumulative runoff and cumulative sediment yield of shrub plot had an obvious positive correlation with rainfall time. Under rainfall intensity of 45 mm/h, runoff and sediment yield of shrub plot kept a constant level. Under rainfall intensity of 87 mm/h, runoff kept a fluctuant increase, whereas sediment yield basically kept steady. Under rainfall intensity of 127 mm/h, runoff and sediment yield of shrub plot increased evidently due to the formation of erosion pits. Infiltration rate of shrub plot had a negative relation with runoff as well as sediment yield.
Incorporation of Cadmium into Clinker during the Co-Processing of Waste with Cement Kiln
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Run Dong , Li Yan Long , Wei Li Hong
Published: October 2011

The incorporation of cadmium into clinker during the co-processing of waste with cement kiln was investigated. Cadmium contained reagent was added to the cement raw meal to produce clinkers after clinkerization process. XRD analysis and SEM-EDS analysis were employed to indentify the major mineral phase of clinker and the cadmium contained mineral phase. Leaching test, sequential extraction procedures were employed to evaluate the leaching potential of cadmium in clinker. The results show the stabilization rate of cadmium during the clinkerization process is low. The incorporation ratio of cadmium in C2S is 0.32%~1.14%, the incorporation ability of cadmium in C2S is higher than C3S. The major mineral phases of clinker with the incorporation of cadmium were CH, C3S and C2S. The average leaching concentration of cadmium of clinker was 1.4 μg/L, which was higher than the blank samples. BCR Sequential extraction procedures analysis of the clinkers show exchangeable, water and acid-soluble fraction and residual fraction were very small, while the reducible phase of cadmium was up to 95.13%.
Two-Dimensional Large-Eddy Simulation of Flow past a Wind Turbine Airfoil in Deep Fall
Authors: Fu Jie , He Bin , Zhang Hui Ling , Fan Qin Shan
Published: October 2011

In order to assess the performance of the two-dimensional (2D) large eddy simulation (LES) as a computational tool for analyzing separated flows. LES in various models has been developed to simulate turbulent flows, especially to separated flows. In this investigation, 2D LES is used to simulate flow past a wind turbine airfoil in deep stall which is a classical separated flow proved by experiments. The results of 2D LES are compared with that of a 3D model using RNS/LES hybrid methods and with experimental data. This shows that the 2D LES method can not only be used to simulate separated flows, but also the calculation time of 2D LES is significantly decreased to compare with the 3D model using RNS/LES hybrid methods.
Ecological Environment Issue in the Western Oil-Gas Resources Development
Authors: Liu Yi Fei , Chen Long Long
Published: October 2011

Abstract. In the western China, since special geographical condition, vulnerable ecological environment and environment pollution from oil development, the regional economic society suffers from dire threats. For a long time, the local economic development walks along the same path that “treatment after pollution, recovery after damage”. In order to economic development, many governments pay a little attention at environment. So, the ecological environment must be taken attention to protect and the west oil companies must undertake the society obligation and protect the environment during the domestic oil resources strategic shift from east to west. In this article, the effects on ecological environment from oil development of northwest oilfields were analyzed, and the reasonable measures were put forward to protect the vulnerable environment.
Recognition System for Digital Meter Dynamic Display from Video Based on MATLAB
Authors: Wei Bi Gui , Chang Qing , Yan Cai Yun , Zhang Guo Zhen
Published: October 2011

According to the feature of numeral image of electronic balance photographed by CCD, MATLAB, especially its video image toolbox, was used to achieve the manual character region location, automatical character segmentation and automatical digit recognition of the digit image in video signals. The method is able to recognize the values in the video signals with more than 97% correctness in multiple sampling tests. However, there were also some abnormal data caused by LED light retention in the dynamic display process and recorded by high frame rate video. The problem was solved by replacing the points outside the range with neighborhood median. This method is simple, highly adaptable and reliable, thus facilitate the research on filter media surface wettability and provide a set of reference for solution this kind of research.
Primary Design and Dynamic Analysis of an Articulated Floating Offshore Wind Turbine
Authors: Wu Hai Tao , Zhang Liang , Zhao Jing , Ye Xiao Rong
Published: October 2011

The paper focuses on floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) and makes a review of famous designs. FOWT foundation is classified into three categories based on the strategy to achieve static stability. In order for utilization, a new concept is proposed and primary design for water depth of 90m is described. Moreover, dynamic analysis of this concept under operational condition is carried out. The thrust force on the rotor is evaluated based on software analysis; the hydrodynamic forces are calculated using Morison equation. The results indicate that the concept is excellent and worth for further development.
Distinguishing the Main Pollution Source an Efficient Way in Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control
Authors: Ma Jian , Chen Xin , Shi Yi
Published: October 2011

Agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution is a growing environmental problem, contributing much to water eutrophication in China as well as in other parts of the world. NPS pollutants are heterogeneously distributed and discharged from agricultural lands and other sources, and extremely hard to control by technical measures. Hence, control of the water quality problems caused by agricultural NPS pollution becomes difficult if recommended best management practices (BMPs) can’t be well implemented. In this paper, current research progress related to distinguishing agricultural NPS pollution sources was reviewed. Three pivotal methods for identifying agricultural NPS pollution sources were introduced and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach were discussed. Finally suggestions were presented on better identifying agricultural NPS pollution sources in China.
Effects of Perinereis aibuhitensis Activities on Biomass and Absorption of Heavy Metals of Suaeda heteroptera kitagawa
Authors: He Jie , Gao Yu Ting , Yang Da Zuo , Wang Bin , Zhou Yi Bing
Published: October 2011

Heavy metal pollution is not only damaging to the environment, plant growth, but also harming animal and human health through the food chain. The experimental environment in this paper was coastal sediment, the effects of the biomass and the absorption of heavy metal of Suaeda heteroptera kitagawa by Perinereis aibuhitensis activities were studied by the concentration of Cu and Pb in the body of Suaeda heteroptera kitagawa and the concentration of Cu and Pb, the available N, the available P, the total organic carbon and pH value in the sediment were measured. The results showed that the pH value of sediment was increased, the available N and the available P of sediment were raised and the biomass of the plant were improved in control groups by Perinereis aibuhitensis activities, the difference of fresh weight between with worm and without worm were 134.1. Perinereis aibuhitensis activities raised the concentrations of CaCl2-Cu and DTPA-Pb in the sediment, enhanced metal bioavailability and promoted the Cu and Pb absorption of Suaeda heteroptera kitagawa, the Cu concentrations and the Pb concentrations in the body of plant of under ground with worm was 1.14-2.89 times and 1.33-7.57 times that of without worm. Those provided the basis for improving the efficiency of phytoremediation of the heavy metal contaminated sediment.
Wind Turbine Gearbox Failure Prediction Based on Time Series Analysis and Statistical Process Control
Authors: Wang Fei Fei , Xiao Xiao Qing , Zhao Hong Shan
Published: October 2011

The Time Series method and Statistical Process Control strategy is applied to predict failures of wind turbine gearboxes. First, based on the real-time temperature data of gearboxes measured by temperature sensors, the temperature prediction model under normal operating conditions is established by ARIMA model. The analysis of the predicted values and the actual values of gearbox temperature is done, and proves that its residuals are normally distributed; then combined with statistical process control (SPC) methods, the big number of temperature data is used to calculate the standard deviation(σ) of residuals, and the gearbox failure threshold will be identified; Finally, the temperature data are analyzed both in normal operating condition and the failure condition to determine the operation status of the gearbox, statistical analysis and residual charts are carried out for gearbox failure prediction, verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Study of Individual Pitch Control on Reducing The Load Fluctuation of Tower Shadow
Authors: Li Wei , Sun Hong Li , Xing Zuo Xia , Chen Lei
Published: October 2011

Load fluctuation of wind turbine under tower shadow was researched，introducing individual pitch control. First，establish the linear time-varying model of the rotor，make it into the linear time invariant model through Coleman transformation. Then，based on this model，achieving the design of individual pitch system with PID controller. Comparing the loads of wind turbine under tower shadow between individual pitch control and collective pitch control and analysing the fatigue damage of wind turbine through rainflow cycle counting.The result shows that load fluctuation of wind turbine using the individual pitch control under tower shadow has better effect and reduces the effect of tower shadow，extend the working life of wind turbine.
The Researches and Analysis on Lakes Water Quality of the Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center
Authors: Hu Quan , Wang Zhi Hong , Guo Yan , Gao Dan
Published: October 2011

The research treats the lakes of the Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center(HEMC) as the main research objects. According to the relationship of the lakes and university city drainage system,lakes are the accepter of rain and sewage.In fact, the lakes of HEMC can be divided into five categories,our researches choose the natural pond,ornamental pond , the oxidation pond as the main bodies of researches，which have a great impact on environment and people. The lakes of HEMC are not a source of drinking water. We select the phosphorus, nitrogen, COD, Fe, Mn, and ctc. as the main indexs of water quality assessment. The results of the typical sampling points are under the surface water environment quality standard for level Ⅴ. The main pollutants are TN and TP. According to the situation of the lakes, putting forward views to improve the water quality.
The Research about the Influenced Factors on the Maximum Power Injection of the Synchronization of Wind Power
Authors: Liu Xin , Li Wen Yi , Wang Wen Li , Yan Xi Yuan , Zhao Peng , Wang Yin Sha
Published: October 2011

As the influenced factors on the maximum power injection plays an important role in synchronization of wind power, this paper is based on MATLAB/Simulink what used it to constructed a model,then it analyse the influence factors of the power injection of the synchronization of wind power and adopt corresponding measures to improve efficiencies.
Research on Groundwater Quality Evaluation with Fuzzy Mathematics
Authors: Hao Jing , Zhang Yong Xiang , Jing Qi , Ning Guo Feng
Published: October 2011

Given the ambiguity of the type and classification in groundwater quality standards, this paper based on fuzzy mathematics theory, take TDS, fluoride and other components as the nine evaluation factors, determine its weight according to the pollution of different factors on water quality; using fuzzy membership to describe the classification boundaries of the evaluation in water quality. Established a number of pollution assessment factors of fuzzy sets such as evaluation set, membership function and weight set;after the compound operation of fuzzy matrixes, using the maximum membership degree law, to evaluate the groundwater quality of a monitoring well in study area ,the conclusions are objective.
Characteristic Simulation of Wind Turbine Based on an Induction Motor
Authors: Jiao Hua , Wang Shao Hua , Ma Jun Ting , Zhang Yi Gong
Published: October 2011

In order to better research wind power generation technology in the laboratory, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the wind turbine. Then on the basis of the analysis results, a wind turbine simulation model is built in MATLAB/SIMULINK and a simple torque imitation scheme is proposed. The program imitates the output torque characteristics of wind turbine, by controlling the induction motor torque current to control its output torque. The simulation results verify the feasibility of the wind turbine imitation program. It lays the foundation for the wind energy study.
The Modeling and Simulation of Wind Turbines and the Design of Pitch Control System
Authors: Lan Zhi Chao , Hu Lin Tao , Xue Yin , Zen De Liang
Published: October 2011

An increasing number of large wind turbines with a variable-speed variable pitch control mechanism are developed to improve the response speed of wind turbines and get maximum active power .Designing a reasonable pitch control system requires both a good control scheme and a more accurate wind turbine model. Base on the analysis of wind turbines’ principle, a local linearization model of wind turbine is built by using linearization method of small deviation in this paper. The model’s inputs are the data of wind speed and pitch angle, and the output is the active power. The accuracy of the model is verified by studying the active power output of wind turbine under different circumstances in which the pitch angle changes with a constant wind speed and the wind speed changes with a constant pitch angle. At the same time, this paper provides pitch control program based on internal model control after analyzing the disadvantages of PID pitch controller. When the wind speed is beyond the rating, the active power can be limited reasonably around the power rating of wind turbines by adjusting the pitch angle.
Application of Status Monitoring of Wind Turbines Based on Relevance Vector Machine Regression
Authors: Sun Jian Ping , Hu Lin Tao
Published: October 2011

Based on the single kernel function relevance vector machine(RVM) models，a multiple load-forecasting model has been established and simulated with several compound kernel functions, including Gauss kernel, Laplace, linear compounded by Gauss and Laplace, Gauss and polynomial kernel. Each model gained comparatively reasonable results in simulation .Moreover, multi linear-compound kernel RVMs performed better than single kernel RVMs in terms of most evaluating indicators, which prove that RVM is an appropriate machine learning method in monitoring status of components of wind turbines.
A Coherency-Based Equivalent Model of a Large Scale Wind Farm
Authors: Fu Rong , Wang Bao Yun , Sun Wan Peng
Published: October 2011

With increasing installation capacity and wind farms penetration, wind power plays more important role in power systems, and the modeling of wind farms has become an interesting research topic. In this paper, a coherency-based equivalent model has been discussed for the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). Firstly, the dynamic models of wind turbines, DFIG and the mechanisms are briefly introduced. Some existing dynamic equivalent methods such as equivalent wind model, variable speed wind turbine model, parameter identification method and modal equivalent method to be used in wind farm aggregation are discussed. Then, considering wind power fluctuations, a new equivalent model of a wind farm equipped with doubly-fed induction generators is proposed to represent the interactions of the wind farm and grid. The method proposed is based on aggregating the coherent group wind turbines into an equivalent one. Finally, the effectiveness of the equivalent model is demonstrated by comparison with the wind farm response obtained from the detailed model. The dynamic simulations show that the present model can greatly reduce the computation time and model complexity.
Experimental Investigation on Reaeration Performance in Parallel Flashboard Spillway
Authors: Chu Ke Jian , Hua Zu Lin , Gu Li , Liu Xiao Dong , Li Qi Ming
Published: October 2011

The reaeration performance in smooth and parallel flashboard spillways with 3cm, 6cm and 9cm board space over curve dams has been experimentally investigated respectively. Reaeration efficiencies of different types of spillways, in particular the effects of varying discharge rate of overflow and drop-water depth have been taken account in detail. The test data illustrates that the reaeration efficiency increases with increasing drop-water depth, and decreases with increasing discharge current; the flashboard spillways appear to offer markedly higher reaeration efficiency than the smooth spillway, which increases gradually with reduction of the space between streamwise adjacent flashboards. Empirical correlations predicting spill Froude number Fdo, relative weir depth hw/h and reaeration efficiency of different types of spillways on curve dams are developed. The results indicate that flashboard spillways are effective for oxygen transfer.
Vegetation Change Detection Based on TM and SPOT Images Spectrum Fusion in the Typical Area of Xishuangbanna Area
Authors: Li Ya Fei , Liu Gao Huan
Published: October 2011

There are many tropical forest resources in Xishuangbanna area; it is a very important status in China. But because a large number of rubber plantations are expanding as far as possible and the areas of urban construction land are increasing, the areas of tropical forest are decreasing rapidly, which lead to serious fragmentation. In the paper, we choose the typical area of Xishuangbanna area as the research area to study the vegetation change trajectory using ETM and SPOT images acquired on different time. On the base of data pretreatment, two aspects researches were carried out. On the one hand, spectral information and NDVI information of each type of vegetation were analyzed to classify the ETM and SPOT images using the method of decision tree respectively. By classification post-processing, we could get the ways of the vegetation type conversion. On the other hand, ETM and SPOT PAN Images were integrated by the PCA to acquire the information of vegetation change including vegetation gain or loss. Finally, comprehensive information on two aspects of the vegetation changes was analyzed to acquire the vegetation change trajectory from 2000 to 2007 in the Xishuangbannan area. The result showed vegetation conversions that changed from one type to another type were frequent. A larger proportion of other type vegetation was transformed to rubber plantations.