bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Albert Valdman, Thomas A. Klingler, Margaret M. Marshall,
& Kevin J. Rottet,Dictionary of Louisiana Creole.
Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998. Pp. 656. Hb $75.00.
Authors: Coles Felice Anne
Published: July 2002

This extraordinary volume represents more than ten years
of research on Louisiana Creole (LC) by a group of outstanding
scholars from Indiana University, l'Université
Antilles-Guyane, Tulane University, and Southeastern Louisiana
University. Both historical and contemporary sources are
used for indexing, alphabetically and trilingually (English,
French, and LC), the spoken form of the LC lexical items.
The resulting collection of material is astonishing in
its scope of knowledge, and comprehensive in its depth
of detail. With more than 5,000 entries, this excellent
work provides access through vocabulary to the history
and culture of LC communities.
Laser pain fails to inhibit innocuous‐related activity in the central somatosensory pathways
Authors: Dowman Robert
Published: July 2002

Our recent work suggests that innocuous somatosensory activity elicited by a brief electrical stimulus is inhibited by pain evoked by the same electrical stimulus but not by pain evoked by continuous heat. These results led to the hypothesis, tested in the present experiment, namely that pain only inhibits innocuous somatosensation when the painful and innocuous stimuli have short durations and close temporal and spatial overlap. A painful 200‐ms laser pulse did not produce a decrease in the perceived magnitude of the innocuous electrical stimulus or in the amplitude of a scalp potential that earlier work suggested is generated by neurons involved in innocuous somatosensation. Hence, the pain‐related inhibition of innocuous somatosensation observed in these electrical studies cannot be attributed solely to the duration or to the temporal and spatial overlap of the innocuous and painful stimuli. Laser pain did produce a small increase in the subjective magnitude of the innocuous electrical stimulus, which the electrophysiological evidence suggests might be due to a change in the late‐ but not the midlatency responses in the central innocuous somatosensory pathways.
Variation in optimal human mating strategies: Effects of individual differences in competence and self-regulatory mechanisms
Authors: Alley Thomas R.
Published: July 2002

Several suggestions are made for revision of Strategic Pluralism Theory (SPT). One revision requires recognition of the impact of individual differences in cognitive and behavioral competence on optimal mating strategy. In addition, SPT may need to incorporate certain self-regulatory processes such as the impact of widespread valuation of mates with one trait on their availability.
Large-scale neocortical dynamics: Some EEG data analysis implications
Authors: Greenblatt Richard E.
Published: July 2002

The spatial time-frequency distribution matrix and associated Rényi entropy is proposed as the basis for a method that may be useful for estimating the significance of nonlocal neocortical interactions in the analysis of scalp EEG data. Implications of nonlocal interactions for source estimation are also considered.
Simple heuristics: From one infinite regress to another?
Authors: Feeney Aidan
Published: July 2002

Gigerenzer, Todd, and the ABC Research Group argue that optimisation under constraints leads to an infinite regress due to decisions about how much information to consider when deciding. In certain cases, however, their fast and frugal heuristics lead instead to an endless series of decisions about how best to decide.
Lifting the screen on Neural organization: Is computational functional modeling necessary?
Authors: Keil Damian , Davids Keith
Published: July 2002

Arbib et al.'s comprehensive review of neural organization, over-relies on modernist concepts and restricts our understanding of brain and behavior. Reliance on terms like coding, transformation, and representation perpetuates a “black-box approach” to the study of the brain. Recognition is due to the authors for attempting to introduce postmodern concepts such as chaos and self-organization to the study of neural organization. However, confusion occurs in the implementation of “biologically rooted” schema theory in which schemas are viewed as computer programs. The inclusion of an additional functional level between structure and dynamics is unnecessary in a postmodernist perspective of brain and behavior.
Is fluctuating asymmetry a signal or a marker of genetic fitness?
Authors: Mueller Ulrich
Published: July 2002

Fluctuating asymmetry is more a signal of genetic fitness than a marker observable only to the researcher. Hence, it has to be demonstrated that low FA is an honest signal of genetic quality; this has not been demonstrated in Gangestad & Simpson's otherwise useful review.
Dynamical learning algorithms for neural networks and neural constructivism
Authors: Blanzieri Enrico
Published: July 2002

The present commentary addresses the Quartz & Sejnowski
(Q&S) target article from the point of view of the dynamical
learning algorithm for neural networks. These techniques implicitly
adopt Q&S's neural constructivist paradigm. Their approach
hence receives support from the biological and psychological evidence.
Limitations of constructive learning for neural networks are discussed
with an emphasis on grammar learning.
Synthesizing synchrony versus dissecting dissonance
Authors: Treves Alessandro
Published: July 2002

A series of intriguing experiments has emphasized the need to
understand synchronization effects. Information theory is proving to
be an important tool for understanding the computations performed by
cortical circuits. Nevertheless, Phillips & Singer's target
article fails to provide a convincing correlation between synchronous
firing and information transmission, which could well prove to be
anticorrelated.
Long term potentiation: Attending to levels of organization of learning and memory mechanisms
Authors: Shapiro Matthew , Hargreaves Eric
Published: July 2002

Shors & Matzel set up a straw man, that LTP is a memory
storage mechanism, and knock him down without due consideration of
the important relations among different levels of organization and
analysis regarding LTP, learning, and memory. Assessing these
relationships requires analysis and hypotheses linking specific brain
regions, neural circuits, plasticity mechanisms, and task demands. The
issue addressed by the authors is important, but their analysis is off
target.
Folk biology and the anthropology of science: Cognitive universals and cultural particulars
Authors: Atran Scott
Published: July 2002

This essay in the “anthropology of science” is
about how cognition constrains culture in producing science. The
example is folk biology, whose cultural recurrence issues from the
very same domain-specific cognitive universals that provide the
historical backbone of systematic biology. Humans everywhere think
about plants and animals in highly structured ways. People have
similar folk-biological taxonomies composed of essence-based,
species-like groups and the ranking of species into lower- and
higher-order groups. Such taxonomies are not as arbitrary in structure
and content, nor as variable across cultures, as the assembly of
entities into cosmologies, materials, or social groups. These
structures are routine products of our “habits of mind,”
which may in part be naturally selected to grasp relevant and
recurrent “habits of the world.” An experiment illustrates
that the same taxonomic rank is preferred for making biological
inferences in two diverse populations: Lowland Maya and Midwest
Americans. These findings cannot be explained by domain-general models
of similarity because such models cannot account for why both cultures
prefer species-like groups, although Americans have relatively little
actual knowledge or experience at this level. This supports a modular
view of folk biology as a core domain of human knowledge and as a
special player, or “core meme,” in the selection processes
by which cultures evolve. Structural aspects of folk taxonomy provide
people in different cultures with the built-in constraints and
flexibility that allow them to understand and respond appropriately to
different cultural and ecological settings. Another set of reasoning
experiments shows that Maya, American folk, and scientists use
similarly structured taxonomies in somewhat different ways to extend
their understanding of the world in the face of uncertainty. Although
folk and scientific taxonomies diverge historically, they continue to
interact. The theory of evolution may ultimately dispense with the
core concepts of folk biology, including species, taxonomy, and
teleology; in practice, however, these may remain indispensable to
doing scientific work. Moreover, theory-driven scientific knowledge
cannot simply replace folk knowledge in everyday life. Folk-biological
knowledge is not driven by implicit or inchoate theories of the sort
science aims to make more accurate and perfect.
The logic of null hypothesis testing
Authors: Erwin Edward
Published: July 2002

In this commentary, I agree with Chow's treatment
of null hypothesis significance testing as a noninferential procedure.
However, I dispute his reconstruction of the logic of theory
corroboration. I also challenge recent criticisms of NHSTP based on
power analysis and meta-analysis.
The frame/content model and syntactic evolution
Authors: Carstairs-McCarthy Andrew
Published: July 2002

The frame/content theory suggests that chewing was tinkered
into speaking. A simple extrapolation of this approach suggests that
syllable structure may have been tinkered into syntax. That would
explain the widely noted parallels between sentence structure and
syllable structure, and also the otherwise mysterious pervasiveness
of the grammatical distinction between sentences and noun
phrases.
To appraise developmental difficulty or mental demand, relational complexity is not enough
Authors: Pascual-Leone Juan
Published: July 2002

Two assertions of Halford et al. are critiqued: their claim
of priority in relational complexity analysis and the sufficiency for
cognitive development of their relational-complexity analysis of
tasks. Critical discussion of concrete task analyses (i.e., the
relational complexity of proportionality problems, of balance
scale problems, and the Tower of Hanoi) serves, by way of
counterexamples, to highlight problems in their method.
Parallel or serial processes in sexual differentiation?
Authors: Williams Christina L. , Sandstrom Noah J.
Published: July 2002

We argue that estrogen feminization of the brain is the result
of a series of events initiated by differential androgen exposure.
There is no need to postulate a feminizing process parallel to
androgen-induced masculinization to explain the findings.
Statistical inference: Why wheels spin
Authors: Verplanck William S.
Published: July 2002

NHSTP is embedded in the research of “cognitive
science.” Its use is based on unstated assumptions about the
practices of sampling, “operationalizing,” and using
group data. NHSTP has facilitated both research and theorizing –
research findings of limited interest – diverse theories that
seldom complement one another. Alternative methods are available for
data acquisition and analysis, and for assessing the “truth-
value” of generalizations.
What the human annals tell us
Authors: Broude Gwen J.
Published: July 2002

Evidence reveals numerous cross-cultural universals regarding
human mental processes and behavior. Similarly, cross-cultural data are
consistent with predictions from theories of kin selection, reciprocal
altruism, and sexual selection inspired by Darwin's theory of
evolution by natural selection. Thus, the “annals of human
behaviour” do provide “example[s] fitting the
sociobiological bill,” (Lifelines, p. 202) thereby,
supporting sociobiological accounts of human behavior.
Scaling the metaphorical brick wall
Authors: Bradie Michael
Published: July 2002

Palmer argues that functionalist accounts of the mind are radically incomplete in virtue of a “metaphorical brick wall” that precludes a complete treatment of qualia. I argue that functionalists should remain unmoved by this line of argument to the effect that their accounts fail to do justice to some “intrinsic” features of experience.
Whither structured representation?
Authors: Markman Arthur B. , Dietrich Eric
Published: July 2002

The perceptual symbol system view assumes that perceptual
representations have a role-argument structure. A role-argument
structure is often incorporated into amodal symbol systems in order
to explain conceptual functions like abstraction and rule use. The power
of perceptual symbol systems to support conceptual functions is likewise
rooted in its use of structure. On Barsalou's account, this
capacity to use structure (in the form of frames) must be
innate.
Computation, levels of abstraction, and the intrinsic character of experience
Authors: Schröder Jürgen
Published: July 2002

Palmer's color room argument is first contrasted with a different argument by Tim Maudlin against the sufficiency thesis of strong AI. This thesis turns out to be false and hence we need to determine the relevant supervenience base of phenomenal consciousness. That could be done by causal theories and intraindividual experiments. Finally, even if we cannot explain the intrinsic character of conscious states, we may be able to know what the experience of another person is like.
Syllable-sized units in visual word recognition: Evidence from skilled and beginning
readers of French
Authors: COLÉ PASCALE , MAGNAN ANNIE , GRAINGER JONATHAN
Published: July 2002

The experiments presented here used a visual version of the syllable monitoring technique
(Mehler, Dommergues, Frauenfelder, & Segui, 1981) to investigate the role of syllabic units
in beginning and adult readers. Participants responded whenever a visually presented target
syllable (e.g., BA) appeared at the beginning of a subsequently presented printed word (e.g.,
BALANCE). The target was either a consonant–vowel (CV) or
consonant–vowel–consonant (CVC) structure and either did or did not correspond
to the initial syllable of the target-bearing word. Skilled adult readers showed significant effects
of syllable compatibility (faster detection times when the targets corresponded to the initial
syllable of target-bearing words than when they did not), but this occurred only when the carrier
words had low printed frequencies. First grade readers did not show a syllable compatibility
effect when tested in February of the first year of schooling; only target length influenced
detection times. When tested four months later (June), however, the children with the highest
scores on a reading ability test did show a syllable compatibility effect. These results suggest that
reading instruction rapidly allows syllable-sized units to be accessed from print, and that this
type of coding continues to influence how adult readers process low frequency words.
Non-uniqueness of even order permutations with maximal entropy
Authors: KING DEBORAH M.
Published: July 2002

In this paper we prove that permutations of even length with maximal entropy are not unique. There are in fact two distinct permutations, $\theta_n$ and $\widetilde{\theta_n}$, with maximal entropy, both of which are self-dual and $\widetilde{\theta_n}$ is the reverse of $\theta_n$.
Rigidity for periodic magnetic fields
Authors: BIALY M. L.
Published: July 2002

We study the motion of a charge on a conformally flat Riemannian torus in the presence of a magnetic field. We prove that for any non-zero magnetic field there always exist orbits of this motion which have conjugate points. We conjecture that the restriction of conformal flatness of the metric is not essential for this result. This would provide a ‘twisted’ version of the recent generalization of Hopf's rigidity result obtained by Burago and Ivanov.
On a conjecture of Green
Authors: YUE CHENGBO
Published: July 2002

Green [5] conjectured that if $M$ is a closed Riemannian
manifold of negative sectional curvature such that the mean
curvatures of the horospheres through each point depend only on
the point, then $V$ is a locally symmetric space of rank one. He
proved this in dimension two. In this paper we prove that under
Green's assumption, $M$ must be asymptotically harmonic and
that the geodesic flow on $M$ is $C^{\infty}$ conjugate to that of
a locally symmetric space of rank one. Combining this with the
recent rigidity theorem of Besson–Courtois–Gallot [1], it
follows that Green's conjecture is true for all dimensions.
Introducing projective billiards
Authors: TABACHNIKOV SERGE
Published: July 2002

We introduce and study a new class of dynamical systems, the
projective billiards, associated with a smooth closed convex plane
curve equipped with a smooth field of transverse directions.
Projective billiards include the usual billiards along with the dual,
or outer, billiards.
No elliptic limits for quadratic maps
Authors: PETERSEN CARSTEN LUNDE
Published: July 2002

We establish bounds for the multipliers of those periodic orbits of $R_\mu(z) = z(z+\mu)/(1+\overline\mu z) $, which have a Poincaré rotation number $ p/q $. The bounds are given in terms of $ p/q $ and the (logarithmic) hororadius of $\mu$ to $e^{2\pi ip/q} $. The principal tool is a new construction denoted a ‘star’ of an immediate attracting basin. The bounds are used to prove properties of the space of Möbius conjugacy classes of quadratic rational maps. These properties are related to the mating and non-mating conjecture for quadratic polynomials lsqb;Ta]. Moreover they are also reminiscent of Chuckrows theorem on the non-existence of elliptic limits of loxodromic elements in quasiconformal deformations of Kleinian groups. We bear this analogy further by proving an analog of Chuckrows theorem for deformations of certain holomorphic maps.
Chaotic and ergodic properties of cylindric billiards
Authors: BÁLINT PÉTER
Published: July 2002

Chaotic and ergodic properties are discussed for various subclasses of cylindric billiards. A common feature of the studied systems is that they satisfy a natural necessary condition for ergodicity and hyperbolicity, the so-called transitivity condition. The relation of our discussion to former results on hard ball systems is twofold. On the one hand, by slight adaptation of the proofs we may discuss hyperbolic and ergodic properties of 3 or 4 particles with (possibly restricted) hard ball interactions in any dimensions. On the other hand, a key tool in our investigations is a kind of connected path formula for cylindric billiards, which together with the conservation of momenta gives back, when applied to the special case of hard ball systems, the classical connected path formula.
Intergenerational family relationships of older women in central Minnesota
Authors: SHENK DENA
Published: July 2002

This paper applies the family lifecourse perspective to the lives of rural older women in the Midwestern United States based on the findings of the Rural Older Women’s Project, an ethnographic study of the daily lives and systems of support of 30 women. The focus is on the relationships with children, grandchildren, and parents if they are still living, of rural older women in central Minnesota. Three case studies are used to demonstrate the full range of circumstances. From those who are still actively providing support and assistance to their own parents, children, and grandchildren, to those who are primarily the recipients of care and support, to those who are unable to receive the necessary assistance from their family system. These variations are significant in terms of the ways in which each of them face the increasing needs which often come with ageing.
Making modernity in the hinterlands: new Maroon musics in the Black Atlantic
Authors: Bilby Kenneth
Published: July 2002

Introduction

Born in mortal opposition to the peculiarly modern forms of slavery that helped to usher in a new era of European world domination, the Maroon societies of the Americas have long provided theorists of identity operating in the realm that has come to be known as the Black Atlantic with a potent symbolic currency. Nowhere has this currency acquired higher value than in the Caribbean region, where questions of identity are so fundamentally bound up with histories of plantation slavery.

The runaway slave has had a special place in the literature of the anglophone Caribbean; and francophone, hispanophone and Dutch-speaking Caribbean writers have all displayed a similar fascination with the Maroon epic. In more recent times, popular music – a medium that has played a primary role in the constitution of a truly diasporic sense of identity spanning the Black Atlantic – has helped to carry consciousness of a heroic Maroon past across the globe. Both practitioners of Caribbean (or other Afro-American) popular musics and those who write about them continue to reference the Maroons of yore, often tracing the rebellious thrust of much of today's music to these original Black warriors, whose defiant spirit, it is felt, continues to inhabit and motivate the collective memory (Aly 1988, pp. 55–7, 65; Zips 1993, 1994; Leymarie 1994).
‘Or any art at all?’: Frank Zappa meets critical theory
Authors: WRAGG DAVID
Published: July 2002

Back in 1982, Max Paddison suggested that Frank Zappa's 1960s' Mothers of Invention recordings deserved to be read in the context of Adorno's views on mass culture. Based on a ‘critical, self-reflective attitude’ (Paddison 1982, p. 216) towards their musical processes, as anticipated in Adorno's essay, ‘Music and technique’ of 1959, these records could be seen to mount an incisive critique of the ‘culture industry’. The title of a series of essays in Telos (Spring 1991), ‘Special Section on Musicology: popular music from Adorno to Zappa’, locates Zappa in a debate about Adorno's continuing relevance where theories of popular music are concerned. More recently, Ben Watson's Frank Zappa, The Negative Dialectics of Poodle Play (1994) uses a theoretical admixture of Marx and Freud in which Adorno looms large. (The dust jacket photograph of Watson mirrors the photograph of Adorno at Oxford in December 1935 which now adorns the 1997 paperback edition of Paddison's Adorno's Aesthetics of Music.) The influence of Adorno remains in Watson's later essay in The Frank Zappa Companion (1997), which takes Dada as a crucial point of reference. Central to all this remains the question of Zappa's identity and status as an avant-gardist, and it is this issue which concerns me here. I agree that the Mothers' albums, together with later work, can be made to represent a radical popular music. It's the word ‘represent’ that causes the problem.
GPS latency identification by Kalman filtering
Authors: Bouvet Denis , Garcia Gaëtan
Published: July 2002

For outdoor mobile robots localisation, GPS has obvious advantages: position data are directly given in an absolute frame, and the required infrastructure is reduced to a sole fixed station in the case of differential systems. Yet, the use of this solution raises a number of issues, such as the satellite maskings, or the existence of the so-called GPS latency which delays the output of the localisation data. This paper deals with the latter problem, and proposes a method to identify this parameter without using other exteroceptive sensors. Experimental results are presented based on trials carried out at the Centre d'Expérimentations Routières (CER) in Rouen, in collaboration with the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC).
Autonomous underwater navigation and control
Authors: Williams Stefan B. , Newman Paul , Rosenblatt Julio , Dissanayake Gamini , Durrant-Whyte Hugh
Published: July 2002

This paper describes the autonomous navigation and control of an undersea vehicle using a vehicle control architecture based on the Distributed Architeclure for Mobile Navigation and a terrain-aided navigation technique based on simultaneous localisation and map building. Development of the low-speed platform models for vehicle control and the theoretical and practical details of mapping and position estimation using sonar are provided. Details of an implementation of these techniques on a small submersible vehicle “Oberon” are presented.
Web-based telerobotics
Authors: Taylor Ken , Dalton Barney , Trevelyan James
Published: July 2002

A six axis robot has been connected to the World Wide Web at http://telerobot.mech.uwa.edu.au/. The robot was made available on the World Wide Web in September 1994 and has been through many revisions since that time. The remote user receives static images of the robot's work space and can manipulate wooden blocks.

The implementation and application of this interface to telerobotics is discussed. Useability and operator behaviour are investigated through analysis of movement records. Questions addressed are: What is the level of interest in this technique and is it a practical interface for telerobotics.
A general dynamic model for a large-scale 2-DOF planar parallel
manipulator
Authors: Atia Khaled R. , Cartmell M.P.
Published: July 2002

In this work a new concept of designing two degree of freedom (2-DOF) planar parallel manipulators (PPMs) is presented. With this design the manipulator's workspace can be increased by increasing the number of cells in the manipulator. A general dynamic model is formulated for the manipulator with any number of cells. The model is adapted for SCARA and ADEPT configurations, and a new approach for balancing these type of manipulators is proposed.
A software development system for fuzzy control
Authors: Yang Jie , Guo Yingkai , Huang Xin
Published: July 2002

Fuzzy control has been widely applied in industrial controls and domestic

electrical equipment. The automatic learning of fuzzy rules is a key technique in fuzzy control. In this paper, a software development system for fuzzy control is presented. Since the learning of fuzzy rules can be seen as finding the best classifications of fuzzy memberships of input-output variables in a fuzzy controller, it can also be seen as the combination optimization of input-output fuzzy memberships. Multi-layer feedforward network and genetic algorithms (GA) can be used for the automatic learning of fuzzy

rules. The algorithms and their characteristics are described. The software development system has been successfully used for the design of some fuzzy controllers.
THE JOINT MOMENT GENERATING FUNCTION OF QUADRATIC FORMS
IN MULTIVARIATE AUTOREGRESSIVE SERIES
Authors: Abadir Karim M. , Larsson Rolf
Published: July 2002

Let {Xt} follow a discrete
Gaussian vector autoregression with deterministic components.
We derive the exact finite-sample joint moment generating
function (MGF) of the quadratic forms that form the basis for
the sufficient statistic. The formula is then specialized to the
limiting MGF of functionals involving multivariate and univariate
Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes, drifts, and time trends. Such
processes arise asymptotically from more general non-Gaussian
processes and also from the Gaussian {Xt}
and have also been used in areas other than time series, such as
the “goodness of fit” literature.
THE ERROR TERM IN THE HISTORY OF TIME SERIES ECONOMETRICS
Authors: Qin Duo , Gilbert Christopher L.
Published: July 2002

We argue that many methodological confusions in
time-series econometrics may be seen as arising out of
ambivalence or confusion about the error terms. Relationships
between macroeconomic time series are inexact, and, inevitably,
the early econometricians found that any estimated relationship
would only fit with errors. Slutsky interpreted these errors
as shocks that constitute the motive force behind business
cycles. Frisch tried to dissect the errors further into
two parts: stimuli, which are analogous to shocks, and
nuisance aberrations. However, he failed to provide a statistical
framework to make this distinction operational. Haavelmo,
and subsequent researchers at the Cowles Commission, saw
errors in equations as providing the statistical foundations
for econometric models and required that they conform to
a priori distributional assumptions specified in structural
models of the general equilibrium type, later known as
simultaneous-equations models. Because theoretical models
were at that time mostly static, the structural modeling
strategy relegated the dynamics in time-series data frequently
to nuisance, atheoretical complications. Revival of the
shock interpretation in theoretical models came about through
the rational expectations movement and development of the
vector autoregression modeling approach. The so-called
London School of Economics dynamic specification approach
decomposes the dynamics of the modeled variable into three
parts: short-run shocks, disequilibrium shocks, and innovative
residuals, with only the first two of these sustaining
an economic interpretation.
ASYMPTOTIC PROPERTIES OF WEIGHTED M-ESTIMATORS
FOR STANDARD STRATIFIED SAMPLES
Authors: Wooldridge Jeffrey M.
Published: July 2002

I provide a systematic treatment of the asymptotic
properties of weighted M-estimators under standard
stratified sampling. Simple, consistent asymptotic variance
matrix estimators are proposed for a broad class of problems.
When stratification is based on exogenous variables, I
show that the usual, unweighted M-estimator is
more efficient than the weighted estimator under a generalized
conditional information matrix equality. Hausman tests
for the exogeneity of the sampling scheme, including fully
robust forms, are derived.
QUASI-INDIRECT INFERENCE FOR DIFFUSION PROCESSES
Authors: Broze Laurence , Scaillet Olivier , Zakoïan Jean-Michel
Published: July 2002

We discuss an estimation procedure for continuous-time
models based on discrete sampled data with a fixed unit
of time between two consecutive observations. Because in
general the conditional likelihood of the model cannot
be derived, an indirect inference procedure following Gouriéroux,
Monfort, and Renault (1993, Journal of Applied Econometrics
8, 85–118) is developed. It is based on simulations
of a discretized model. We study the asymptotic properties
of this “quasi”-indirect estimator and examine
some particular cases. Because this method critically depends
on simulations, we pay particular attention to the appropriate
choice of the simulation step. Finally, finite-sample properties
are studied through Monte Carlo experiments.
TESTS FOR STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN COINTEGRATED SYSTEMS
Authors: Seo Byeongseon
Published: July 2002

This paper considers tests for structural change
of the cointegrating vector and the adjustment vector in
the error correction model with an unknown change point.
This paper derives new tests for structural change, which
are applicable to maximum likelihood estimation. Our tests
for structural change of the cointegrating vector have
the same nonstandard asymptotic distributions that have
been found by Hansen (1992a, Journal of Business and
Economic Statistics 10, 321–335). In contrast,
the tests on the adjustment vector have the same asymptotic
distributions that have been found by Andrews and Ploberger
(1994, Econometrica 62, 1383–1414) for models
with stationary variables. Asymptotic critical values are
provided.
Yellow-billed malkohas (Phaenicophaeus calyorhynchus) following moor macaques (Macaca maurus) in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: MATSUMURA SHUICHI
Published: July 2002

Several authors have reported associations between birds and monkeys in tropical forests (Boinski & Scott 1988,
Huettmann 1999, Ruggiero & Eves 1998, Terborgh 1990). By such associations birds are considered to get some benefit, such as protection from predators
and/or greater feeding efficiency (Terborgh 1990). In Southeast Asia, however, few reports on such interspecific associations
have been available (galetti & McConkey 1998). The exception concerns several species of macaques living on Sulawesi Island, Indonesia (Fooden 1969). Associations
between birds and Sulawesi macaques have been descibed by researchers as well as bird-watchers (Coates et al. 1997,
Jepson & Ounsted 1997, Martarinza et al. 1994, Whitten et al. 1988). Local people in Sulawesi
also know of associations between macaques and certain birds, particularly hair-crested drongo (Dicrurus hottentotus)
and yellow-billed malkoha (Phaenicophaeus calyrhynchus). The farmers call these birds ‘burung monyet’
(monkey birds) and use the conspicuous calls of drongos and malkohas as signs of macaques' approaches
to their fields (S. Matsumara, pers. obs.).
Validation and verification of knowledge-based systems: report on EUROVAV99
Authors: COENEN FRANS , BENCH-CAPON TREVOR , BOSWELL ROBIN , DIBIE-BARTHÉLEMY JULIETTE , EAGLESTONE BARRY , GERRITS RIK , GRÉGOIRE ERIC , LIGE¸ZA ANTONI , LAITA LUIS , OWOC MIECZYSLAW , SELLINI FLORENCE , SPREEUWENBERG SILVIE , VANTHIENEN JAN , VERMESAN ANCA , WIRATUNGA NIRMALIE
Published: July 2002

Knowledge-Based (KB) technology is being applied to complex problem solving and safety and business critical tasks in many application domains. Concerns have naturally arisen as to the dependability of Knowledge-Based Systems (KBS). As with any software, attention to quality and safety must be paid throughout development of a KBS, and rigorous Verification and Validation (V&V) techniques must be employed. Research in V&V of KBSs has emerged as a distinct field only in the last decade, and is intended to address issues associated with quality and safety aspects of KBSs, and to provide such applications with the same degree of dependability as conventional applications. In recent years, V&V of KBSs has been the topic of annual workshops associated with the main AI conferences, such as AAAI, IJCAI and ECAI.
Application of artificial intelligence and computer-based methods to predicting chemical toxicity
Authors: RICHARD ANN M.
Published: July 2002

The toxicity prediction problem lies squarely at the interface of biology, chemistry and computational domains and will require the integrated application of knowledge and approaches from each domain for its solution. It is not a single modeling problem, but rather multiple levels of modeling compartments derived from the goals of toxicity risk assessment. These compartments include different categories and characteristics of toxicity (e.g., cancer vs. non-cancer, acute vs. delayed) and, therein, different levels of biofunctional organization and multiple mechanisms of toxicity extending to the level of individual chemical structures. A toxicity prediction model should strive to resolve the global toxicity prediction problem to local modeling compartments that reflect coherent biofunctional mechanisms and common modes of action while retaining some level of useful generalizations. This paper attempts to use these general concepts to frame the challenges and opportunities for application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and computer-based methods to the goal of chemical toxicity prediction.
LINGUISTICS: AN INTRODUCTION. Andrew Radford, Martin
Atkinson, David Britain, Harald Clahsen, and Andrew Spencer. New York: Cambridge
University Press, 1999. Pp. xvi + 438. $22.95 paper.
Authors: Fantuzzi Cheryl
Published: July 2002

The authors begin this introductory text by posing four major questions for the study of
language: what is the nature of language, how do we acquire it, how do we use it in speech
production and comprehension, and how is it represented in the brain? These questions also define
the orientation of the book, which aims to introduce the reader to the study of linguistics through
four interrelated subfields: linguistics proper, developmental linguistics, psycholinguistics, and
neurolinguistics. Conspicuously absent from the list, of course, is a fifth fundamental question
about language: what is the relationship between language use and social structure?
Sociolinguistics is only briefly defined and introduced, and discussion of sociolinguistics
throughout the text is limited to the relationship between social structure and language variation
and change.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF PROFESSIONAL DISCOURSE.Britt-Louise
Gunnarsson, Per Linell, & Bengt Nordberg (Eds.). London: Longman,
1997. Pp. xiv + 328. $31.15 paper.
Authors: Trechter Sara
Published: July 2002

Most of the 14 papers in this volume were presented at the 1992 conference on Discourse
and the Professions in Sweden. The collection focuses on diverse professional contexts and
discourses (law, medicine, social work, mediation, teaching, economics, and science) as well as
written, spoken, and nonverbal communication in European languages. The papers range from
speech-act analyses of legal documents such as wills, patents, and contracts to the sociopolitical
critique of the discursive practices surrounding doctors, patients, and the recipients of social
assistance. The volume is held together thematically by each researcher's effort to
demonstrate how professional ways of speaking are constantly being enacted, reenacted, and
adapted in society.
Asymptotic series for double zeta, double gamma, and Hecke L-functions
Authors: MATSUMOTO KOHJI
Published: July 2002

Asymptotic expansions of the Barnes double zeta-function

formula here

and the double gamma-function Γ2(α, (1, w)),

with respect to the parameter w, are
proved. An application to Hecke L-functions of real
quadratic fields is also discussed.
Evaluating riparian vegetation in semi-arid Mediterranean watercourses in the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: SALINAS M. JACOBA , BLANCA GABRIEL , ROMERO ANA T.
Published: July 2002

Riparian vegetation is vulnerable to human impact worldwide, and this is especially so in arid areas, yet there have been few quantitative studies and this is especially so in Spain. The state of the riparian vegetation along three major rivers and seasonal watercourses of south-eastern Spain was evaluated during 1992–93, using the species composition and community structure in watercourses of different sizes under different management. Reaches of the watercourses were classified using five vegetation indices, namely percentage cover, species richness, degree of connectivity between patches of the plant communities, number of exotic species, and evidence of natural regeneration. With the integration of these into one index, the degradation state of the riparian vegetation in each reach was quantified. In addition, types of human activities exerting the greatest impact were noted, and a scale to evaluate the intensity of each impact was established. The indications are that agriculture has very substantially altered the natural vegetation, and this index has served to highlight the most altered zones, and thus those in most urgent need of restoration. Less-degraded zones could serve as models and sources of plant species for future restoration. The degradation index made it possible to establish quickly, easily, and with a high degree of accuracy, the state of conservation of the riparian vegetation in the study area.
Islam and environmental conservation
Authors: Kula E.
Published: July 2002

Over thirty years ago a debate began as to whether religion in general, or the Judaeo-Christian faith in particular, were in some sense responsible for the present environmental predicament. Islam, as a major world religion which shares the same Abrahamic roots as the Judaeo-Christian tradition, has been largely absent from this debate. Most conservationists now believe that it is essential that there be comprehensive discussion not only of environmental policies, but also of the ethics underlying environmental protection. This paper looks at the importance of the environment in the main sources of Islamic instruction, namely the Koran and Prophet's Hadiths (teachings). These texts turn out to be on the side of conservation, the emphasis being on respect for creation, the protection of the natural order and avoidance of all wasteful activities which may cause injury to the environment. These positions are contrasted with views expressed by political Islam, which has become influential in a large part of the Muslim world and rejects the conservation measures advocated by Western writers.
Environmental carrying capacity and tourism development in the Maldives and Nepal
Authors: BROWN KATRINA , TURNER R. KERRY , HAMEED HALA , BATEMAN IAN
Published: July 2002

Tourism is regarded by many countries, particularly resource-poor countries, as a potential stimulus to the economy. Yet tourism, by the nature of the activities involved, is constrained by the natural resource base and infrastructure, and by the pollution and other environmental and social impacts of tourist numbers. Tourism development strategies of national governments have been diverse in the face of this complex relationship between the economic costs and benefits of tourism. This paper examines tourist development based on concepts of open access and renewable natural resources. The experiences of two economies highly dependent on tourism, the Maldives and Nepal, are compared and contrasted. Although these countries offer very different attractions to tourists, they are faced with similar problems in terms of adverse environmental impacts of tourism. The dominant impacts in both areas are those associated with solid waste disposal and water resources, compounded by the depletion of natural resources. Both countries are currently employing 'dispersal' techniques to overcome the adverse impacts of tourism, but such strategies do not address the fundamental problem of maintaining tourism revenues whilst minimizing environmental damage. Even if an ecological carrying capacity can be defined, the experiences of these two countries indicate that impacts on local communities may well exceed so-called cultural carrying capacity.
A method for the automatic deduction of priority lists of
entities and tasks from the design knowledge
Authors: DRAKATOU S.P. , DENTSORAS A.J.
Published: July 2002

This paper presents a method for the automatic deduction
of priority lists of input information as well as for
the extraction of task relations from the available
design knowledge. The method is based on multiple extensive
searches of the design space and produces a final priority list
for the instantiation of the primary design entities. If followed,
this list ensures the generation of the most decisive design
information at the very beginning of the design process.
Additionally, the method can produce a priority list of design
tasks, which represents the order of completion of these tasks.
Finally, it offers a representation platform for tracking the
evolution of the design process. First, a brief overview of
the current literature is presented, after which the method
is presented in detail. Entities, descriptors, and tasks are
used for the representation of the design knowledge. They are
linked in order to form multiple design relations, formally
represented by digraphs. Simple set relations and graph
theories are used as mathematical background to the method.
Design experience is also taken into account through a weighting
process of the primary design entities. Finally, an example
of a belt conveyor design is presented, followed by a discussion
of the results and some general conclusions. The method may
be considered as a design-assisting tool that dynamically processes
pieces of design knowledge and suggests corresponding design
paths. Additionally, it relates the design tasks in a ordered
form. Its extension—currently under elaboration—is
expected to treat systematically the problem of identifying
and handling the design knowledge inconsistencies.
The role of young children in a community-wide outbreak of
hepatitis A
Authors: SMITH P. F. , GRABAU J. C. , WERZBERGER A. , GUNN R. A. , ROLKA H. R. , KONDRACKI S. F. , GALLO R. J. , MORSE D. L.
Published: July 2002

An Hasidic Jewish community has experienced recurrent hepatitis A
outbreaks since 1980. To
assess risk factors for illness during a 1985–6 outbreak, the authors
reviewed case records and
randomly selected 93 households for an interview and serologic survey. In
the outbreak, 117
cases of hepatitis A were identified, with the highest attack rate
(4·2%) among 3–5 year olds.
Among the survey households, the presence of 3–5 year olds was the only
risk factor that
increased a household's risk of hepatitis A (indeterminant relative
risk, P=0·02). Furthermore,
case households from the outbreak were more likely to have 3–5 year
olds than were control
households from the survey (odds ratio=16·4, P<0·001).
Children 3–5 years old were more
likely to have hepatitis A and may have been the most frequent transmitters
of hepatitis A in
this community. Hepatitis A vaccination of 3–5 year olds can protect
this age group and might prevent future outbreaks in this community.
Swimming-associated haemorrhagic colitis due to Escherichia
coli O157[ratio ]H7 infection: evidence of prolonged contamination
of a fresh water lake
Authors: ACKMAN D. , MARKS S. , MACK P. , CALDWELL M. , ROOT T. , BIRKHEAD G.
Published: July 2002

We describe an Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 outbreak
associated with a fresh water lake at a
county park. Campers were surveyed for diarrhoeal illness within 10
days of their visit, and a
case-control study of day visitors was conducted. A confirmed case was a
symptomatic person
with a stool culture positive for E. coli O157[ratio ]H7
and a probable case was a person with
bloody diarrhoea. Clinical isolates of E. coli O157 were subtyped
by pulsed field gel
electrophoresis (PFGE). In the camper survey, 12 (38%) of 32 swimmers
had a diarrhoeal
illness (relative risk [RR]=12·4; 95% confidence
interval [RR]=1·7–89·7). For the case-control
study, the 12 cases were more likely than controls to have purposefully
ingested lake water
(odds ratio [OR]=6·9, 95% CI=0·9–55·8).
The PFGE patterns of six clinical isolates were
indistinguishable. This report further demonstrates that contaminated
fresh-water lakes can be
the source of community outbreaks of E. coli O157[ratio ]H7.
An outbreak of infection due to verocytotoxin-producing

Escherichia coli O157 in four families: the influence of

laboratory methods on the outcome of the investigation
Authors: CHAPMAN P. A. , SIDDONS C. A. , MANNING J. , CHEETHAM C.
Published: July 2002

Three members of family A, who had diarrhoea on 20 October, lived
on

a small arable farm

which had 10 cattle. Manure from the animals was used to fertilize the

ground for growing

potatoes which were then offered for retail sale, unwashed, directly from

the farm. The mother

from family B bought potatoes, which were covered with manure, from

family A in early

November and over the subsequent 10 days she became ill with diarrhoea
and

her daughter and son both became ill with bloody diarrhoea. The mother
from family C

visited family B

while the daughter from the latter family was symptomatic; the mother

developed diarrhoea

several days later. The mother and two sons from family D visited family

B while the son from

the latter family was symptomatic; the first son developed bloody diarrhoea

6 days later which

progressed to development of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. Direct culture

of faecal samples

onto cefixime rhamnose sorbitol MacConkey agar failed to isolate E.

coli O157 from any of

the symptomatic patients, and direct culture onto cefixime tellurite

sorbitol MacConkey agar

isolated the organism from only one patient. In contrast, a combination
of

isolation of E. coli

O157 by immunomagnetic separation and detection of E. coli

O157-specific secretory IgA,

suggested E. coli O157 infection in all eight symptomatic patients,

but not in any of the family

members who were not ill. Two children who excreted the organism for 60
and 89 days

respectively were the only two patients who did not develop a secretory

IgA response. E. coli

O157 was not isolated from potatoes from the farm and faecal samples from

the farm animals were not available for examination. The study illustrates

the need to use the most sensitive

methods available during the investigation and follow up of cases of

E. coli O157 infection.
A simple device for the exposure of animals to infectious

microoganisms by the airborne route
Authors: PHILLPOTS R. J. , BROOKS T. J. G. , COX C. S.
Published: July 2002

Epidemiol. Infect.118 (1997), 71–5

Figure 3, page 73: the horizontal x axis should

be labelled ‘Spores/ml in spray fluid

(log10)’. The corrected figure is shown

below: