bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Older adults and “scams”: evidence from the Mass Observation Archive
Authors: Bailey Jan , Taylor Louise , Kingston Paul , Watts Geoffrey
Published: January 2021

Purpose

The issue of financial abuse is highlighted in the Care Act (2014). One category of financial abuse is consumer fraud or “scams.” Evidence suggests that scams are becoming increasingly ubiquitous, yet how scams impact older adults remains under-researched. The purpose of this paper is to report data from 80 older adults’ written responses to a Mass Observation Archive Directive, commissioned in autumn 2015, which focused on scams.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative approach was used with data captured via written responses to a set of questions. There was no limit on the length of written accounts, and respondents remained anonymous. Data were analysed thematically, resulting in four key themes.

Findings

The data indicated scams impact individuals in terms of health and well-being, irrespective of whether they have experienced financial loss, and trigger implementation of strategies intended to avoid being defrauded. There was also evidence of scam-related stigma with individuals who are defrauded being subject to derision and censure.

Social implications

Individuals who have been victimised by fraudsters may need access to practical and emotional support. This requires the design of appropriate interventions and the stigma associated with being scammed to be addressed.

Originality/value

This paper adopts an original approach to collecting rich, candid data about an under-researched topic. The authors highlight that anti-scam interventions should equip individuals to identify and avoid scams without inciting fear or anxiety; proposing this may be facilitated by drawing on health and safety risk assessment protocol when designing anti-scam interventions.
New organizational changes with blockchain: a focus on the supply chain
Authors: Varriale Vincenzo , Cammarano Antonello , Michelino Francesca , Caputo Mauro
Published: January 2021

Purpose

The paper aims to present a systematic literature review (SLR) showing the benefits, challenges and future research of blockchain technology (BT) for the supply chain (SC), also suggesting how the features of BT can change the organizational aspects of the SC.

Design/methodology/approach

An SLR has been conducted to detect papers that contained the word “Blockchain” in their titles, keywords or abstracts. Consequently, a second filter to analyze BT papers for the SC was applied.

Findings

This paper shows through 31 variables classified into positive, negative and future directions of technology for the SC. For instance, BT will reduce time consuming of operations management and payments using smart contracts. In addition, integrating BT with other technologies will allow product tracking and sustainable production management.

Research limitations/implications

The selection of papers is limited to Scopus database and specifically to the Management Journal.

Practical implications

BT creates collaborative peer-to-peer and business-to-business markets. The technology automates several tasks such as order management, payment for goods, waste reduction and process control. Therefore, its use within the SCs will improve the productivity and profits of the participants.

Originality/value

This paper is focused on BT for the SC area with 60 articles analyzed. In addition, 13 variables on benefits, eight variables on challenges and 12 points on future research directions were analyzed. This work will help researchers and entrepreneurs to deepen about the changes that BT offers in SC.
People‐centered care for psoriasis and urticaria: Are we overlooking Internet addiction while only considering patients and physician settings?
Authors: Schielein Maximilian Christian , Tizek Linda , Baeumer Daniel , Hillmann Elena , Romer Katrin , Wagner Nicola , Zink Alexander
Published: January 2021

Psoriasis and chronic urticaria (CU) are chronic skin diseases with a high impact on individuals’ life and mental health. Some studies indicate a high prevalence of Internet addiction and many affected individuals seem not to utilize healthcare, but rather search for health‐related information online. The aims of the study were to assess Internet addiction as a potential comorbidity in both diseases as well as identify differences in healthcare utilization between individuals with psoriasis and CU. This cross‐sectional study is based on self‐reported data from individuals with psoriasis and CU living throughout Germany using the framework of an online survey from 12/2018 to 01/2019. Advertisements on Google and Facebook were used to address Internet users who searched online for information on psoriasis or CU. The study questionnaire comprised questions on demographics, current contact with physicians, and disease history as well as validated screening tools for well‐being and Internet addiction. Overall, 1686 participants (74.0% female, 38.5% psoriasis) with a mean age of 36.9 ± 12.9 years were analyzed. Participants with CU were more likely female (89.2% vs 49.8%, P < 0.001) and not in medical care compared to participants with psoriasis (60.3% vs 45.9%, P < 0.001). Sixteen percent of the participants overall were screened positive for Internet addiction. Furthermore, not utilizing medical care showed a significant association with being screened positive for Internet addiction in participants with CU (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–2.02), but not in those with psoriasis. The study revealed a high proportion of affected individuals not being in medical care and a high prevalence of Internet addiction, with individuals with CU not utilizing medical resources having a higher chance of being screened positive for Internet addiction. This underlines the approach of people‐centered care and highlights its importance for further research.
Trust in government increased during the Covid‐19 pandemic in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Goldfinch Shaun , Taplin Ross , Gauld Robin
Published: January 2021

Using an online panel, we surveyed a representative sample of 500 each in Australia and New Zealand during July 2020, in the middle of the Covid‐19 pandemic. We find trust in government has increased dramatically, with around 80% of respondents agreeing government was generally trustworthy. Around three quarters agreed management of the pandemic had increased their trust in government. Over 85% of respondents have confidence that public health scientists work in the public interest. Testing four hypotheses, we find that income and education predict trust in government and confidence in public health scientists, as does voting for the political party in government. Trust in government and confidence in public health scientists strongly predict Covid‐19 phone application use, largely through convincing people the App is beneficial. Trust in government then is both an outcome and antecedent of government effectiveness. Building trust is important for governments implementing difficult policy responses during a crisis.
Rethinking capital structure decision and corporate social responsibility in response to COVID‐19
Authors: Huang He , Ye Ye
Published: January 2021

COVID‐19 has severely constricted global economic activities. This paper examines the joint effect of capital structure and corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities on firm risk during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We find that firms having excessive debt beyond the optimal level experienced high firm risk during the pandemic and the effect is more prevalent among firms with poor CSR performance. In contrast, firms with a debt level below the optimum are self‐protected regardless of their CSR practices. Our study provides businesses with insights on post‐pandemic directions of capital structure and CSR policies to build up sustainability and resilience in a volatile market.
Scandalous decisions: explaining shifts in UK medicinal cannabis policy
Authors: Monaghan Mark , Wincup Emma , Hamilton Ian
Published: January 2021

Background and aims

Opening up access to scheduled drugs such as cannabis in the United Kingdom rarely happens, yet on 1 November 2018 the United Kingdom changed the law to allow cannabis‐derived products to be prescribed for medicinal purposes, albeit in tightly controlled circumstances. This followed substantial media interest in the cases of two children with epilepsy. This article focuses upon the role of scandal in bringing about legislative change.

Methods

We used political science and social policy theories (punctuated equilibrium theory and scandal theory) to guide a qualitative content analysis of media articles published in 2018 in UK national newspapers. We focused in particular on the 6‐month period prior to the policy change.

Results

The concentrated attention by the media given to the suffering of children with epilepsy appears to have prompted the rapid change in policy by the UK government. A variety of strategies were used to develop a highly emotive response to garner support for reform. Media stories emphasized the injustice of two extremely sick children being unable to access the medicine they apparently needed to enable them to have a ‘normal’ childhood. Three groups of ‘claim‐makers’ were identified as important in influencing public opinion: families, high‐profile individuals and campaigning groups.

Conclusions

The case of medicinal cannabis in the United Kingdom suggests that policy reform can occur when a scandal is successfully manufactured. We must be cautious, however, about over‐emphasizing the role of scandal as a driver of policy change in this context: only a limited set of circumstances will permit a prescription for cannabis‐based medicine to be issued in the United Kingdom.
Effectiveness of incentivised adherence and abstinence monitoring in buprenorphine maintenance: a pragmatic, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Elarabi Hesham Farouk , Shawky Mansour , Mustafa Nael , Radwan Doaa , Elarasheed Abuelgasim , Yousif Ali Ahmed , Osman Mona , Kashmar Ahmed , Al Kathiri Helal , Gawad Tarek , Kodera Ayman , Al Jneibi Mohammed , Adem Abdu , Lee Amanda J. , Marsden John
Published: January 2021

Background and Aim

Buprenorphine (BUP) maintenance treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) begins with supervised daily dosing. We estimated the clinical effectiveness of a novel incentivised medication adherence and abstinence monitoring protocol in BUP maintenance to enable contingent access to increasing take‐home medication supplies.

Design

Two‐arm, single‐centre, pragmatic, randomised controlled trial of outpatient BUP maintenance, with during‐treatment follow‐ups at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks.

Setting

Inpatient and outpatient addictions treatment centre in the United Arab Emirates.

Participants

Adults with OUD, voluntarily seeking treatment.

Interventions

The experimental condition was 16 weeks BUP maintenance with incentivised adherence and abstinence monitoring (I‐AAM) giving contingent access to 7‐day, then 14‐day, then 21‐day and 28‐day medication supply. The control, treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) was 16 weeks BUP maintenance, with contingent access to 7‐day then 14‐day supply.

Measurements

The primary outcome was number of negative urine drug screens (UDS) for opioids, with non‐attendance or otherwise missed UDS, imputed as positive for opioids. The secondary outcome was retention in treatment (continuous enrolment to the 16‐week endpoint).

Findings

Of 182 patients screened, 171 were enrolled and 141 were randomly assigned to I‐AAM (70 [49.6%]) and to TAU (71 [50.4%]. Follow‐up rates at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks were 91.4%, 85.7%, 71.0%, 60.0% respectively in I‐AAM and 84.5%, 83.1%, 69.0%, 56.3% in TAU. By intention‐to‐treat, the absolute difference in percentage negative UDS for opioids was 76.7% (SD = 25.0%) in I‐AAM versus 63.5% (SD = 34.7%) in TAU (mean difference = 13.3%; 95% CI = 3.2%–23.3%; Cohen's d = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.10–0.87). In I‐AAM, 40 participants (57.1%) were retained versus 33 (46.4%) in TAU (odds ratio = 1.54; 95% CI = 0.79–2.98).

Conclusions

Buprenorphine maintenance with incentivised therapeutic drug monitoring to enable contingent access to increasing take‐home medication supplies increased abstinence from opioids compared with buprenorphine maintenance treatment‐as‐usual, but it did not appear to increase treatment retention.
Behavioral counseling and abstinence‐contingent take‐home buprenorphine in general practitioners’ offices in Malaysia: a randomized, open‐label clinical trial
Authors: Schottenfeld Richard S. , Chawarski Marek C. , Mazlan Mahmud
Published: January 2021

Background and aim

To address the widespread severe problems with opioid use disorder, buprenorphine–naloxone treatment provided by primary care physicians has greatly expanded treatment access; however, treatment is often provided with minimal or no behavioral interventions. Whether or which behavioral interventions are feasible to implement in various settings and improve treatment outcomes has not been established. This study aimed to evaluate two behavioral interventions to improve buprenorphine–naloxone treatment.

Design

A 2 × 2 factorial, repeated‐measures, open‐label, randomized clinical trial.

Settings

General medical practice offices in Muar, Malaysia.

Participants

Opioid‐dependent individuals (n = 234).

Interventions

Participants were randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions and received study interventions for 24 weeks: (1) physician management with or without behavioral counseling and (2) physician management with or without abstinence‐contingent buprenorphine–naloxone (ACB) take‐home doses.

Measurements

The primary outcomes were proportions of opioid‐negative urine tests and HIV risk behaviors [assessed by audio computer‐assisted AIDS risk inventory (ACASI‐ARI)].

Findings

The rates of opioid‐negative urine tests over 24 weeks of treatment were significantly higher with [68.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 65–71] than without behavioral counseling (59.2%, 95% CI = 56–62, P < 0.001) and with (71.0%, 95% CI = 68–74) than without ACB (56.4%, 95% CI = 53–59, P < 0.001); interaction effects between and among behavioral interventions and time were not statistically significant. Scores on ACASI‐ARI decreased significantly from baseline across all treatment groups (P < 0.001) and did not differ significantly with or without behavioral counseling (P = 0.099) or with or without ACB (P = 0.339).

Conclusions

Providing opioid‐dependent patients in Muar, Malaysia with buprenorphine–naloxone and physician management plus behavioral counseling or abstinence‐contingent buprenorphine–naloxone (ACB) resulted in greater reductions of opioid use compared with providing buprenorphine–naloxone and physician management without behavioral counseling or ACB.
Alcohol and tobacco consumption: What is the role of economic security?
Authors: Bentley Rebecca , Baker Emma , Martino Erika , Li Yuxi , Mason Kate
Published: January 2021

Aims

To better understand the longstanding inequalities concerning alcohol and tobacco use, we aimed to quantify the effect of household economic security on alcohol and tobacco consumption and expenditure.

Design

Longitudinal analysis using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey (2001–2018).

Setting

Australia

Participants

A nationally representative cohort of 24 134 adults aged 25–64 years (187 378 observations).

Measurements

Tobacco and alcohol use (Yes/No), frequency of use of each per week, household expenditure on each per week, household weekly income (Consumer Price Index [CPI]‐adjusted), employment security (based on conditions of employment) and housing affordability (housing costs relative to household income).

Findings

At baseline, one‐quarter of the sample used tobacco and 87% used alcohol. Annual increases in household income were associated with the increased use of both tobacco and alcohol for people in households in the lowest 40% of the national income distribution (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.03–1.23 and OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.04–1.20, respectively) with no similar income effect observed for higher‐income households. In relation to smoking, the odds of a resident's tobacco use increased when their household was unemployed (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.07–1.62). In relation to alcohol, the odds of use decreased when households were insecurely employed or unemployed, or housing costs were unaffordable (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.77–0.98, OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.55–0.80 and OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.75–0.93, respectively). This was also reflected in the reduced odds of risky drinking (defined in accordance with Australian guidelines) when housing became unaffordable or households became unemployed (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.81–0.99; OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.69–0.98, respectively).

Conclusions

In Australia, smoking and drinking appear to exhibit different socio‐behavioural characteristics and household unemployment appears to be a strong determinant of smoking.
Hospital volume is associated with postoperative mortality after radical cystectomy for treatment of bladder cancer
Authors: Richters Anke , Ripping Theodora M. , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , Leliveld Anna M. , van Rhijn Bas W. G. , Oddens Jorg R. , van Moorselaar R. Jeroen A. , Goossens‐Laan Catharina A. , Meijer Richard P. , Boormans Joost L. ,   the BlaZIB Study Group, Witjes J. Alfred , Aben Katja K. H.
Published: January 2021

Objective

To contribute to the debate regarding the minimum volume of radical cystectomies (RCs) that a hospital should perform by evaluating the association between hospital volume (HV) and postoperative mortality.

Patients and Methods

Patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2018 were retrospectively identified from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. To create a calendar‐year independent measure, the HV of RCs was calculated per patient by counting the RCs performed in the same hospital in the 12 months preceding surgery. The relationship of HV with 30‐ and 90‐day mortality was assessed by logistic regression with a non‐linear spline function for HV as a continuous variable, which was adjusted for age, tumour, node and metastasis (TNM) stage, and neoadjuvant treatment.

Results

The median (interquartile range; range) HV among the 9287 RC‐treated patients was 19 (12–27; 1–75). Of all the included patients, 208 (2.2%) and 518 (5.6%) died within 30 and 90 days after RC, respectively. After adjustment for age, TNM stage and neoadjuvant therapy, postoperative mortality slightly increased between an HV of 0 and an HV of 25 RCs and steadily decreased from an HV of 30 onwards. The lowest risks of postoperative mortality were observed for the highest volumes.

Conclusion

This paper, based on high‐quality data from a large nationwide population‐based cohort, suggests that increasing the RC volume criteria beyond 30 RCs annually could further decrease postoperative mortality. Based on these results, the volume criterion of 20 RCs annually, as recently recommended by the European Association of Urology Guideline Panel, might therefore be reconsidered.
Using fisheries observation data to develop a predictive species distribution model for endangered sea turtles
Authors: Degenford Jennie Hannah , Liang Dong , Bailey Helen , Hoover Aimee L. , Zarate Patricia , Azócar Jorge , Devia Daniel , Alfaro‐Shigueto Joanna , Mangel Jeffery C. , de Paz Nelly , Davila Javier Quinones , Barturen David Sarmiento , Rguez‐Baron Juan M. , Williard Amanda S. , Fahy Christina , Barbour Nicole , Shillinger George L.
Published: January 2021

The Eastern Pacific leatherback turtle population (Dermochelys coriacea) has declined precipitously in recent years. One of the major causes is bycatch from coastal and pelagic fisheries. Fisheries observations are often underutilized, despite strong potential for this data to affect policy. In this study, we created a spatiotemporal species distribution model that synthesizes fisheries observations with remotely sensed environmental data. The model will be developed into a dynamic management tool for the Eastern Pacific leatherback population. We obtained leatherback observation data from multiple fisheries that have operated in the Southeast Pacific (2001–2018). A dynamic Poisson point process model was applied to predict leatherback intensity (observation per unit area) as a function of dynamic environmental covariates. This model serves as a tool for application by managers and stakeholders toward the reduction of leatherback turtle bycatch and provides a modeling framework for analyzing fisheries observations from other vulnerable populations and species.
The impact of marijuana use on liver transplant recipients: A 900 patient single center experience
Authors: Guorgui Jacob , Ito Takahiro , Markovic Daniela , Aziz Antony , Younan Stephanie , Severance Alyscia , Lu Michelle , Lee Jane , DiNorcia Joseph , Agopian Vatche G. , Farmer Douglas G. , Busuttil Ronald W. , Kaldas Fady M.
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Increased societal prevalence of marijuana continues to challenge liver transplant (LT) programs. This study aimed to examine the potential effects of marijuana use on outcomes.

Methods

This retrospective study included recipients who underwent LT between 1/2012 and 6/2018. According to pre‐LT marijuana use, patients were classified into recent (≤6 months of LT), former (chronic use but not ≤6 months), or non‐users. Additionally, the impact of post‐LT marijuana use on survival was assessed.

Results

Of 926 eligible patients, 184 were pre‐LT marijuana users (42 recent; 142 former) (median follow‐up: 30.3 months). Pre‐users were more likely to be male, White, and have histories of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use. Additionally, recent users were of higher acuity, with higher MELD and requiring ICU admission. Patient survival at 1‐year was 89% in non‐users, 94% (HR: 0.494, 95% CI: 0.239–1.022 vs. non‐users) in former users, and 83% (HR: 1.516, 95% CI: 0.701–3.282) in recent users. Post‐operative complications in pre‐LT users and the survival analysis for post‐LT marijuana users vs. non‐users did not show significance.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated that marijuana use did not have an adverse impact on post‐LT outcomes; however, further studies utilizing larger cohorts are warranted.
Association of balanced abdominal organ transplant center volumes with patient outcomes
Authors: Adler Joel T. , Tsai Thomas C. , Jin Ginger , Cron David C. , Ross‐Driscoll Katherine H. , Malek Sayeed K. , Tullius Stefan G. , Weissman Joel S.
Published: January 2021

Background

The volume‐outcome relationship for organ‐specific transplantation is well‐described; it is unknown if the relative balance of kidney compared with liver volumes within an institution relates to organ‐specific outcomes. We assessed the association between relative balance within a transplant center and outcomes.

Methods

National retrospective analysis of isolated kidney and liver transplants in United States 2005–2014 followed through 2019. Latent class analysis defined transplant center phenotypes. Multivariate Cox models estimated death‐censored graft loss and mortality.

Results

Latent class analysis identified four phenotypes: kidney only (n = 117), kidney dominant (n = 36), mixed/balanced (n = 90), and liver dominant (n = 13). Compared to mixed centers, the risk of kidney graft loss was higher at kidney‐dominant (HR 1.07, p < .001) and liver‐dominant (HR 1.10, p < .001) centers, while kidney‐only (HR 1.06, p = .01) centers had higher mortality. Liver graft loss was not associated with phenotype, but risk of patient death was lower (HR 0.93, p = .02) at liver dominant and higher (HR 1.06, p = .02) at kidney‐dominant centers.

Conclusions

A mixed phenotype was associated with improved kidney transplant outcomes, whereas liver transplant outcomes were best at liver‐dominant centers. While these findings need to be verified with center‐level resources, optimization of shared resources could improve patient and organ outcomes.
Hidden layers of density dependence in consumer feeding rates
Authors: Stouffer Daniel B. , Novak Mark
Published: January 2021

Functional responses relate a consumer's feeding rates to variation in its abiotic and biotic environment, providing insight into consumer behaviour and fitness, and underpinning population and food‐web dynamics. Despite their broad relevance and long‐standing history, we show here that the types of density dependence found in classic resource‐ and consumer‐dependent functional‐response models equate to strong and often untenable assumptions about the independence of processes underlying feeding rates. We first demonstrate mathematically how to quantify non‐independence between feeding and consumer interference and between feeding on multiple resources. We then analyse two large collections of functional‐response data sets to show that non‐independence is pervasive and borne out in previously hidden forms of density dependence. Our results provide a new lens through which to view variation in consumer feeding rates and disentangle the biological underpinnings of species interactions in multi‐species contexts.
Structural and functional underpinnings of precentral abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Cheng Luqi , Yuan Yumin , Tang Xie , Zhou Yuan , Luo Chunxia , Liu Daihong , Zhang Yuanchao , Zhang Jiuquan
Published: January 2021

Background and purpose

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of both upper and lower motor neurons. Studies using various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analytical approaches have consistently identified significant precentral abnormalities in ALS, whereas their structural and functional underpinnings remain poorly understood.

Methods

Using cortical thickness, fractional anisotropy (FA), and effective connectivity, we performed a multimodal MRI study to examine the structural and functional alterations associated with precentral abnormalities in patients with ALS (n = 60) compared with healthy controls (n = 60).

Results

Cortical thickness analysis revealed significant cortical thinning in the right precentral gyrus (PCG), superior frontal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus in patients with ALS. Tractwise white matter microstructure analyses revealed decreased FA in the tracts connected to the PCG cluster in patients with ALS involving the right corticospinal tract and the middle posterior body of the corpus callosum. Additionally, the cortical thickness of the PCG cluster was found to be positively correlated with FA of the tracts connected to the PCG cluster, suggesting that these two structural features are tightly coupled. Using spectral dynamic causal modelling, effective connectivity analysis among the three regions with cortical thinning revealed decreased self‐inhibitory influence in the PCG cluster in patients with ALS, which might be an endophenotypic manifestation of an imbalance in inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in this region.

Conclusions

The present data shed new light on the structural and functional underpinnings of precentral abnormalities in ALS.
Amyloid in the breast: retrospective review with clinicopathological and radiological correlation of 32 cases from a single institution
Authors: Duckworth Lauren A , Cotta Claudiu V , Rowe J Jordi , Downs‐Kelly Erinn , Komforti Miglena K
Published: January 2021

Aims

Mammary amyloid is an uncommon and easily overlooked pathological diagnosis with ambivalent presentation. Herein, we delineate the clinicopathological and radiographic characteristics of mammary amyloid.

Methods and results

The Department of Pathology database was searched from 1993 to 2019 for keywords ‘breast’ and ‘amyloid’, yielding 32 cases from 23 patients, including consultation cases. All patients were female, age range = 52–81 (mean = 67.4 years). The left breast was involved more than the right (43 versus 33%, respectively); bilateral amyloid involvement was also present (24%). Amyloid was most often associated with a benign histopathological diagnosis (57%), lymphoma in 39% [all B cell lymphomas; five of nine were mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma] and rarely with a concurrent epithelial malignancy (invasive lobular carcinoma, 4%). Of the 14 patients with available clinical history, amyloid presented as a mass clinically or radiographically (six patients, 43%), as microcalcifications (five patients, 36%), and only occasionally as an asymmetry (14%) or fibroglandular density (7%). Microscopic examination detected microcalcifications in an additional nine cases (total 14 patients; 44% of the cohort). Interestingly, one patient had concurrent epithelial and haematological malignancy and amyloid within an axillary lymph node. Co‐morbidities included autoimmune diseases and multiple myeloma.

Conclusion

The majority of mammary amyloid cases are associated with benign histopathological findings, while imaging most frequently noted microcalcifications or mass lesions. To avoid overlooking amyloid as simply fat necrosis or fibroelastotic stromal change, a low threshold for performing ancillary stains should be considered in elderly women with benign core needle findings performed for mass lesions or microcalcifications.
Hepatocellular adenomas in the Turkish population: reclassification according to updated World Health Organization criteria
Authors: Deniz Kemal , Umetsu Sarah E , Ferrell Linda , Yılmaz Funda , Güllüoğlu Mine , Sağol Özgül , Doğusoy Gülen B , Kırımlıoğlu Hale , Turhan Nesrin , Doran Figen , Kepil Nuray , Çelikel Çiğdem A , Nart Deniz , Özgüven Banu Y , Ceyran Bahar , Karadağ Neşe , Kır Gözde , Erden Esra , Yılmaz Güldal , Akyol Gülen
Published: January 2021

Aims

Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is an uncommon liver neoplasm, and studies of HCA subtypes have been primarily limited to France, the USA, and Japan. The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathological features of HCA subtypes in Turkey.

Methods and results

The resection specimens of 59 cases diagnosed as ‘hepatocellular adenoma’ collected from 15 institutions were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis and to classify them according to the current World Health Organization 2019 classification. Immunostaining for glutamine synthetase, liver fatty acid‐binding protein, C‐reactive protein, β‐catenin and reticulin was performed. Of the 59 cases, 48 (81%) were diagnosed as HCA. We identified 24 (50%) hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α)‐inactivated HCAs, five (10%) inflammatory HCAs, 15 (32%) β‐catenin‐activated HCAs, three (6%) β‐catenin‐activated inflammatory HCAs, and one (2%) unclassified HCA. HCA patients were predominantly female (female/male ratio of 5:1); they had a median age of 34 years and a median tumour diameter of 60 mm. In the β‐catenin‐activated HCA group, nine cases (19%) showed cytoarchitectural atypia, and were also referred to as atypical hepatocellular neoplasms. In the β‐catenin‐activated HCA group, three cases (6%) showed focal areas supportive of transition to HCA. The original diagnosis of HCA was changed to well‐differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in nine cases and to focal nodular hyperplasia in two cases.

Conclusion

In our series, the major HCA subtype was HNF1α‐inactivated HCA. We found a low incidence of inflammatory‐type HCA. Our data also showed that β‐catenin‐activated hepatocellular neoplasms, including cases with atypical histology, constituted a relatively high proportion of the cases. These findings are in contrast to those of most other studies of HCA subtypes.
Optimization and semi‐automatic evaluation of a frosting process for a soda lime silicate glass based on phosphoric acid
Authors: Kleiner Florian
Published: January 2021

Chemical glass frosting processes are widely used to create visual attractive glass surfaces. A commonly used frosting bath mainly contains ammonium bifluoride (NH4HF2) mixed with hydrochloric acid (HCl). The frosting process consists of several baths. Firstly, the preliminary bath to clean the object. Secondly, the frosting bath which etches the rough light scattering structure into the glass surface. Finally, the washing baths to clean the frosted object. This is where the constituents of the preceding steps accumulate and have to be filtered from the sewage. In the present contribution, phosphoric acid (H3PO4) was used as a substitute for HCl to reduce the amount of ammonium (NH4+) and chloride (Cl−) dissolved in the waste water. In combination with magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), it allows the precipitation of ammonium within the sewage as ammonium magnesium phosphate (MgNH4PO4). However, a trivial replacement of HCl by H3PO4within the frosting process causes extensive frosting errors, such as inhomogeneous size distributions of the structures or domains that are not fully covered by these structures. By modifying the preliminary bath composition, it was possible to improve the frosting result considerably. To determine the optimal composition of the preliminary bath, a semi‐automatic evaluation method has been developed. This method renders the objective comparison of the resulting surface quality possible.
Does surprise enhance infant memory? Assessing the impact of the encoding context on subsequent object recognition
Authors: Csink Viktoria , Mareschal Denis , Gliga Teodora
Published: January 2021

A discrepancy between what was predicted and what is observed has been linked to increased looking times, changes in brain electrical activity, and increased pupil dilation in infants. These processes associated with heightened attention and readiness to learn might enhance the encoding and memory consolidation of the surprising object, as suggested by both the infant and the adult literature. We therefore investigated whether the presence of surprise during the encoding context enhances subsequent encoding and recognition memory processes for the items that violated infants' expectations. Seventeen‐month‐olds viewed 20 familiar objects, half of which were labeled correctly, while the other half were mislabeled. Subsequently, infants were presented with a silent recognition memory test where the previously labeled objects appeared along with new images. Pupil dilation was measured, with more dilated pupils indicating (1) surprise during those labeling events where the item was mislabeled and (2) successful retrieval processes during the memory test. Infants responded with more pupil dilation to mislabeling compared to correct labeling. Importantly, despite the presence of a surprise response during mislabeling, infants only differentiated between the previously seen and unseen items at the memory test, offering no evidence that surprise had facilitated the encoding of the mislabeled items.
Structure‐property relations for a phase‐pure, nanograined tetragonal zirconia ceramic stabilized with minimum CaO doping
Authors: Arun Aditya , Kumar Lakshaman , Chowdhury Anirban
Published: January 2021

Dense (~97%) CaO‐stabilized ZrO2 ceramic was stabilized with minimum (3 mol%) doping (reported to date) and processed via conventional sintering at a low temperature (~1200°C); compositional analysis via X‐ray florescence confirmed the CaO doping accuracy. Phase‐pure tetragonal structure (characterized via both X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy) along with uniform nanograins (90 nm) of the ceramic ensured the evolution of no monoclinic phase even after vigorous low‐temperature degradation experiments (both thermal and hydrothermal aging for 80‐100 h). The sintered ceramic recorded a high hardness (~15 GPa); the indentation toughness value was also comparable to a 3 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia system. The remarkable structure–property correlations in the 3 mol% CaO‐stabilized ZrO2 ceramic suggests that the same may be worth examining for suitable future applications (e.g., in dental ceramics).
Brief formula low‐energy‐diet for relapse management during weight loss maintenance in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT)
Authors: Brosnahan Naomi , Leslie Wilma , McCombie Louise , Barnes Alison , Thom George , McConnachie Alex , Messow Claudia Martina , Sattar Naveed , Taylor Roy , Lean Michael E. J.
Published: January 2021

Background

Weight loss maintenance (WLM) is critical for sustaining type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission, but poorly evidenced. We evaluated brief return to formula low‐energy‐diet (LED) as relapse treatments (RTs) during the WLM phase of the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT).

Methods

This post‐hoc evaluation included all participants commencing the WLM phase of DiRECT. The protocol offered RT when regain of >2 kg occurred.

Results

In total, 123/149 (83%) DiRECT intervention participants commenced the WLM phase after 26 (17%) had withdrawn prior to the WLM phase. Most participants [99/123 (80%)] regained >2 kg during the WLM phase, among whom 60/99 (61%) were recorded as using RT and 39/99 (39%) not using any RT. At baseline, RT users had a higher mean (SD) body mass index [35.8 (4.9) kg m−2 vs. 33.8 (3.9) kg m−2, p = 0.0231] and had greater social deprivation (P = 0.0003) than non‐users, although otherwise the groups were similar. Weight loss ≥ 2k g was achieved in 30/93 (32%) of RT attempts. At 2 years, those regaining >2 kg and using RT (n = 60) had mean (SD) weight losses of 7.4 (6.1) kg, with 25 (42%) remissions and 7 (12%) programme withdrawals. Those regaining >2 kg but not using RT (n = 39) had weight losses of 8.8 (6.0) kg, with 21 (54%) remissions and 4 (10%) programme withdrawals (all not significant). Twelve participants were never recorded as having regained >2 kg or using RTs and, at 2 years, their weight losses were 12.9 (9.2) kg, with 4 (33%) remissions and 8 (67%) programme withdrawals.

Conclusions

Most people with T2D experience weight regain >2 kg during the 2 years after substantial weight loss with a LED. Only one‐third of RTs corrected their 2‐kg regain, resulting in similar weight losses, remissions and programme withdrawals at 2 years compared to those not using RTs; however, both groups had weight losses below those not recorded as regaining >2 kg during WLM.
Dietary exposures in childhood and adulthood and cardiometabolic outcomes: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Lukomskyj Natalya , Allman‐Farinelli Margaret , Shi Yumeng , Rangan Anna
Published: January 2021

Associations between diet and cardiometabolic outcomes are often based on a single measurement of diet in adulthood. Dietary exposures in childhood are thought to influence cardiometabolic disease development and individuals’ diets can change over time, therefore dietary exposure in childhood and over long periods are both important to consider. This scoping review aimed to identify and characterise the literature on associations between diet measured in both childhood and adulthood and cardiometabolic outcomes. Seven databases were searched; eligible evidence sources were original analyses published as a journal article in English. Exposures included measures of dietary intake, diet quality and eating behaviours measured in both childhood and adulthood with at least five years between first and last measurements. Cardiometabolic outcomes included measures of anthropometry, biochemistry, vascular structure/function and disease states/scores. We identified 37 eligible articles from nine cohort studies. Dietary exposures were measured between two and eight times and most often assessed by food frequency questionnaire or diet history. The dietary exposures most frequently examined were protein, fat, carbohydrate, fruit, vegetables, sugar‐sweetened beverages and breakfast. Cardiometabolic outcomes were predominantly based on risk markers. Authors utilised a variety of analytical approaches to transform and analyse repeated measures of diet, providing insights relevant to different lifespan nutrition concepts. The literature on associations between diet in childhood and adulthood and cardiometabolic outcomes is limited, but such studies have great potential to extend our knowledge in ways only possible with repeated measures of diet over time. Further research is needed to develop the evidence base for diet‐disease relationships from a life course perspective, accounting for diet in both childhood and adulthood.
Registered dietitians' perceptions and use of the plant‐based recommendations in the 2019 Canada's Food Guide
Authors: Asher K. E. , Doucet S. , Luke A.
Published: January 2021

Background

In 2019, Canada's Food Guide underwent its first transformation in over a decade. The change received considerable attention given the increased focus on plant‐based proteins and the decision to eliminate the milk and alternatives food group. Yet little is known about health professionals' views of these updates. In response, the present study examined Canadian dietitians' attitudes and behaviours towards the guide's expanded plant‐based recommendations.

Methods

A pan‐Canadian cross‐sectional online survey was administered from January to March 2020 to currently practicing registered dietitians. The study was pre‐registered, piloted and received ethical approval. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed and open‐text responses underwent thematic analysis.

Results

In total, 411 dietitians from 10 provinces and various work settings participated. Most dietitians (82.8%) consider the food guide's recommendation to choose protein foods that come from plants more often is evidence‐based. Compared to its predecessor, dietitians encourage their patients/clients to choose protein foods that come from plants (p < 0.001) and non‐dairy sources of calcium (p < 0.001) significantly more frequently under the new guide. A slight majority of dietitians (57.7%) agree with the decision to omit the standalone milk and alternatives group in favour of bringing dairy into the protein category.

Conclusions

Canadian dietitians generally look favourably upon the new plant‐based recommendations and have adjusted their nutrition counselling in response. The findings are considered to be the first to characterise how dietitians view changes to the plant‐based content of one of the most recognisable diet‐related educational tools in Canada.
Generalized essential telangiectasia treated with PDL
Authors: Powell Emily , Markus Ramsey , Malone Cedar H.
Published: January 2021

Generalized essential telangiectasia (GET) is a rare, clinically benign condition but a source of cosmetic concern for affected patients. There is a dearth of publications and known treatment options for GET. This case report reviews the clinical course of a 54‐year‐old woman who presented with a long‐standing history of telangiectatic patches on her dorsal feet and ankles with progressive spread to the lower extremities consistent with GET. The patient proceeded with two pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatments and had complete resolution of her skin findings maintained at her 1.5‐year follow‐up appointment.
An observational study of hypoactive delirium in the post‐anesthesia recovery unit of a pediatric hospital
Authors: Lee‐Archer Paul F. , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S. , Reade Michael C. , Law K.C. , Long Deborah
Published: January 2021

Background

Hypoactive delirium is present when an awake child is unaware of his or her surroundings, is unable to focus attention, and appears quiet and withdrawn. This condition has been well‐described in the intensive care setting but has not been extensively studied in the immediate post‐anesthetic period.

Aim

To determine if hypoactive emergence delirium occurs in the recovery unit of a pediatric hospital, and if so, what proportion of emergence delirium is hypoactive in nature.

Methods

We conducted an observational study using the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium in a cohort of 4424 children recovered at a tertiary pediatric hospital. The incidence of emergence delirium detected using the Pediatric Anesthetic Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale was also recorded for comparison.

Results

There were 74 cases of emergence delirium detected during the study period using the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (1.7%). Only 57 cases were detected using the Pediatric Anesthetic Emergence Delirium scale. The additional 17 cases detected using the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Dlirium represent cases of hypoactive delirium. In this cohort of pediatric patients, 23% of all cases of emergence delirium were hypoactive in nature.

Conclusion

The significance of hypoactive delirium in this population is unknown; however, previous studies have shown that emergence delirium can result in post‐operative behavior changes and may affect compliance with future episodes of care. However, hypoactive delirium is often missed without active screening. The prevalence detected in this study therefore suggests hypoactive delirium warrants further investigation.
Fontan‐associated plastic bronchitis waitlist and heart transplant outcomes: A PHTS analysis
Authors: Bearl David W. , Cantor Ryan , Koehl Devin , Gossett Jeffrey G. , Bock Matthew J. , Halnon Nancy , Glass Lauren , Exil Vernat , Musselwhite Courtney , Kirklin James K. , Godown Justin , Ravishankar Chitra
Published: January 2021

Plastic bronchitis is a rare post‐Fontan complication with limited treatment options. Heart transplantation has evolved as a potential curative option, but outcomes have not been well‐defined. This study aims to assess contemporary waitlist and post‐transplant outcomes in patients with plastic bronchitis. All Fontan patients were identified in the PHTS database (2010 ‐ 2018). Waitlist and post‐transplant outcomes were compared between Fontan patients with and without plastic bronchitis. Competing outcomes and Kaplan‐Meier analyses were used to assess the impact of plastic bronchitis on waitlist and post‐transplant survival. A secondary analysis excluded those with PLE from the comparison cohort. Of 645 Fontan patients listed for heart transplant, 69 (11%) had plastic bronchitis. At listing, patients with plastic bronchitis were younger (8.9 vs 11.1 years, P = .02), but had few other differences in baseline characteristics. A fewer Fontan patients with plastic bronchitis were listed in the more recent era (46 [15.4%] in 2010‐2014 vs 23 [6.6%] in 2015‐2018, P < .01). Overall, there was no difference in waitlist (P = .30) or post‐transplant (P = .66) survival for Fontan patients with and without plastic bronchitis. The results were similar after excluding patients with PLE. Contrary to prior reports, this relatively large series showed that plastic bronchitis did not have a negative impact on survival to or after heart transplantation in Fontan patients. Our study also found a 50% reduction in listing in the current era, which may indicate evolution in management of Fontan patients.
Pediatric discard risk index for predicting pediatric liver allograft discard
Authors: Malik Tahir , Joshi Manasi , Godfrey Elizabeth , Galvan Thao , O’Mahony Christine A. , Cotton Ronald , Goss John , Rana Abbas
Published: January 2021

Background

Of the 600 pediatric candidates added to the liver waiting list annually, 100 will remain waiting while over 100 liver allografts are discarded, often for subjective reasons.

Methods

We created a risk index to predict discard to better optimize donor supply. We used the UNOS database to retrospectively analyze 17 367 deceased donors (≤18 years old) through univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Deceased donor clinical characteristics and laboratory values were independent variables with discard being the dependent variable in the analysis. Significant univariate factors (P‐value < .05) comprised the multivariate analysis. Significant variables from the multivariate analysis were incorporated into the pDSRI, producing a risk score for discard.

Results

From 17 potential factors, 11 were identified as significant predictors (P < .05) of pediatric liver allograft discard. The most significant risk factors were as follows: DCD; total bilirubin >10 mg/dL, and alanine transaminase (ALT) ≥500 IU/L. The pDSRI has a C‐statistic of 0.846 for the training set and 0.840 for the validation set.

Conclusion

The pDSRI uses 11 significant risk factors, including elevated liver function tests, donor demographics, and donor risk/type to accurately predict risk of pediatric liver allograft discard and serve as a tool that may maximize donor yield.