bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tributyltin(IV) Schiff base complexes with amino acid derivatives: synthesis, characterization and biological activity
Authors: Camacho‐Camacho Carlos , Rojas‐Oviedo Irma , Garza‐Ortiz Ariadna , Toscano Rubén Alfredo , Sánchez‐Sánchez Luis , Cardenas Jorge , López‐Muñoz Hugo
Published: January 2016

The synthesis in one‐pot reactions and structural characterization of six new tri‐n‐butyltin(IV) derivatives of Schiff bases are reported. The compounds are derived from a condensation reaction between l‐alanine, l‐valine, l‐isoleucine, l‐methionine, l‐phenylalanine or l‐tryptophan and 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde. Characterization was completed using elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, one‐ and two‐dimensional solution NMR (1H, 13C and 119Sn) as well as solid‐state 119Sn NMR. In addition, the crystal structures of three of the compounds were confirmed using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Although five‐coordinated and polymeric in the solid state, the tin compounds are four‐coordinated and monomeric in solution. The coordination environment around the triorganotin units comprises three carbon atoms and two oxygen atoms from two ligands in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry. The anti‐proliferative effect of these compounds on the cervical carcinoma cell lines HeLa, CaSki and ViBo was screened in vitro, the compounds showing cytotoxic activity against all three strains and null or low cytotoxic activity (necrotic) as well. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variation in Female Reproductive Tract Morphology of the Common Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Orbach Dara N. , Marshall Christopher D. , Würsig Bernd , Mesnick Sarah L.
Published: January 2016

Cetaceans exhibit vaginal folds, unusual protrusions of the vaginal wall into the vaginal lumen. Inconsistent terminology and a lack of anatomical landmarks in the literature have hindered comparative studies of the form and function of vaginal folds. Our objectives are to: (1) develop a standardized measurement protocol for the reproductive tracts of female cetaceans, (2) assess variation in morphometrics within the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), and (3) determine if vaginal muscle is skeletal, and therefore of somatic origin in this species. We selected 15 measurements to characterize female reproductive tracts and evaluated variability using fresh or frozen‐thawed specimens from southeastern USA representing a range of sexual maturity states and reproductive states (n = 18 specimens). Presence of skeletal muscle and variation in the density of muscle banding were assessed using 90 histological samples (n = 5 specimens). Analyses of the gross morphological data revealed that the dolphins generally had one large vaginal fold that bisected the vaginal lumen. Vaginal morphology was similar for sexually mature and immature specimens and across reproductive states. The histological data revealed that the vaginal musculature consisted of smooth muscle, consistent with other mammals, leading us to conclude that vaginal contractions are likely under autonomic rather than somatic control. No differences were found in the density of smooth muscle banding among vaginal regions or sexual maturity states. Our systematic protocol lays the foundation for evaluating the function (e.g., sexual selection, natural selection) and evolution of vaginal folds. Anat Rec, 299:520–537, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Localization of Proliferating Cells in the Inter‐Vertebral Region of the Developing and Adult Vertebrae of Lizards in Relation to Growth and Regeneration
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo
Published: January 2016

New cartilaginous tissues in lizards is formed during the regeneration of the tail or after vertebral damage. In order to understand the origin of new cartilaginous cells in the embryo and after injury of adult vertebrae we have studied the distribution of proliferating cartilaginous cells in the vertebral column of embryos and adults of the lizard Anolis lineatopus using autoradiography for H3‐thymidine and light and ultrastructural immunocytochemistry for 5BrdU. Proliferating sclerotomal cells initially surround the notochord in a segmental pattern and give rise to the chondrocytes of the vertebral centrum that replace the original chordal cells. Qualitative observations show that proliferating sclerotomal cells dilute the labeling up to 13 days post‐injection but a few maintain the labeling as long labeling retention cells and remain in the inter‐centra and perichondrium after birth. These cells supply new chondroblasts for post‐natal growth of vertebrae but can also proliferate in case of vertebral damage or tail amputation in lizards, a process that sustains tail regeneration. The lack of somitic organization in the regenerating tail impedes the re‐formation of a segmental vertebral column that is instead replaced by a continuous cartilaginous tube. It is hypothesized that long labeling retaining cells might represent stem/primordial cells, and that their permanence in the inter‐vertebral cartilages and the nearby perichondrium in adult lizards pre‐adapt these reptiles to elicit a broad cartilage regeneration in case of injury of the vertebrae. Anat Rec, 299:461–473, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effectively Improving Extinction Coefficient of Benzodithiophene and Benzodithiophenedione‐based Photovoltaic Polymer by Grafting Alkylthio Functional Groups
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Shaoqing , Xu Bowei , Ye Long , Yao Huifeng , Cui Yong , Zhang Hao , Yuan Wenxia , Hou Jianhui
Published: January 2016

Alkylthio groups have received much attention in the polymer community for their molecular design applications in polymer solar cells. In this work, alkylthio substitution on the conjugated thiophene side chains in benzodithiophene (BDT) and benzodithiophenedione (BDD)‐based photovoltaic polymer was used to improve the extinction coefficient. The introduction of alkylthio groups into the polymer increased its extinction coefficient while the HOMO levels, bandgaps, and absorption bands remained the same. Thus, the short circuit current density (Jsc) and the efficiency of the device were much better than those of the control device. Thus, introducing the alkylthio functional group in polymer is an effective method to tune the extinction coefficient of photovoltaic polymer. This provides a new path to improve photovoltaic performance without increasing active layer thickness, which will be very helpful to design advanced photovoltaic materials for high photovoltaic performance.
Uric acid quantification in fingernail of gout patients and healthy volunteers using HPLC‐UV
Authors: Li Xi‐Ling , Shi Qing , Jin Wenlong , Li Gao , Todoroki Kenichiro , Mizuno Hajime , Toyo'oka Toshimasa , Min Jun Zhe
Published: January 2016

The presence of elevated uric acid (UA) levels is a sign of gout, that is, hyperuricemia. In this study the monitoring of the UA levels in less‐invasive biological samples, such as the human fingernail, is suggested for the diagnosis and therapy of gout. Twenty‐six healthy volunteers (HV) and 22 gout patients (GP) were studied. The UA was extracted from human fingernail samples, then separated on an Inertsil ODS‐3 column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 4.0 μm, GL Sciences) by isocratic elution using methanol–74 mm phosphate buffer (pH 2.2) 2:98 (v/v). A UV detector was used to monitor the samples at 284 nm. Using the developed method, different UA concentrations were found in the GP and HV. When comparing the concentrations from GP with those from HV, a statistically significant correlation was observed between the UA (p < 0.01). In this study, the UA was confirmed as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and therapy of gout. We have developed a novel sensitive, and simple method for the determination of UA in the fingernails of GP and HV. The human fingernail may serve as a noninvasive biosample for the diagnosis of gout. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study finds campus sexual assaults less likely to be perpetrated by serial rapists
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: January 2016

A report published by JAMA Pediatrics investigating the serial incidences of rape on college campuses has found that, contrary to popular belief, the majority of rapes perpetrated by college students are not conducted by repeat offenders. “Many initiatives assume that most college men who perpetrate rape are serial rapists,” the report states in its abstract. However, the study found no concrete evidence to support this and, indeed, found the opposite to be true — 72.8 percent of men who committed a rape in college perpetrated sexual violence in only one academic year. The report did turn up the troubling trend that nearly twice as many men than were previously believed (nearly 11 percent of men surveyed) commit rape during either their high school or college career.
Chemical Protein Modification through Cysteine
Authors: Gunnoo Smita B. , Madder Annemieke
Published: January 2016

The modification of proteins with non‐protein entities is important for a wealth of applications, and methods for chemically modifying proteins attract considerable attention. Generally, modification is desired at a single site to maintain homogeneity and to minimise loss of function. Though protein modification can be achieved by targeting some natural amino acid side chains, this often leads to ill‐defined and randomly modified proteins. Amongst the natural amino acids, cysteine combines advantageous properties contributing to its suitability for site‐selective modification, including a unique nucleophilicity, and a low natural abundance—both allowing chemo‐ and regioselectivity. Native cysteine residues can be targeted, or Cys can be introduced at a desired site in a protein by means of reliable genetic engineering techniques. This review on chemical protein modification through cysteine should appeal to those interested in modifying proteins for a range of applications.
Viable triplet pregnancy coexisting with a complete molar pregnancy
Authors: Polonsky Ariel , Olteanu Ioana , Ben‐David Mordechai , Mamet Jacob , Agranat Avi , Fridman Eddie
Published: January 2016

Key Clinical Message

This case is extraordinary because it was never before described in English literature. The case describes a long‐standing debate about the safety of carrying this pregnancy to term. Some authors are for and some are against. The risks and benefits should be thoroughly reviewed before a decision is made.
Esophagostomy for percutaneous tube feeding in diaphragm paralysis
Authors: Toh Yoon Ezekiel Wong
Published: January 2016

Key Clinical Message

PTEG is a minimally invasive method to access the stomach or small intestine via an esophagostomy. It is used as an alternative to nasogastric tubing for gastric decompression or long‐term enteral nutrition when gastrostomy is not suitable, such as in patients with total gastrectomy or advanced gastric cancer.
Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Crotonaldehyde Catalyzed by an Au@ZIF‐8 Composite
Authors: Stephenson Casey J. , Whitford Cassandra L. , Stair Peter C. , Farha Omar K. , Hupp Joseph T.
Published: January 2016

Au nanoparticles of size 2.2 nm were encapsulated in a zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF‐8 framework (Au@ZIF‐8). The composite was used as a catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde to crotyl alcohol with 90–95 % selectivity. Hydrogenation of 1‐hexene yielded n‐hexane in approximately the same conversion as crotonaldehyde, whereas cis‐cyclohexene did not detectably react. To account for the confined environment of the ZIF, we supported Au nanoparticles on the outside of ZIF‐8 (Au/ZIF‐8). Using Au/ZIF‐8 as a catalyst, 1‐hexene and cis‐cyclohexene were hydrogenated in low conversion whereas crotonaldehyde would only react at higher pressures in 70 % selectivity towards crotyl alcohol. Post‐experiment TEM analysis of Au/ZIF‐8 showed significant sintering whereas the median particle size of Au@ZIF‐8 remained almost unchanged. Au@ZIF‐8 was recycled as a catalyst for the hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde three times without significant loss of activity or selectivity.
Electrospinning Synthesis of Bimetallic Nickel–Iron Oxide/Carbon Composite Nanofibers for Efficient Water Oxidation Electrocatalysis
Authors: Chen Hui , Huang Xiaoxi , Zhou Li‐Jing , Li Guo‐Dong , Fan Meihong , Zou Xiaoxin
Published: January 2016

The development of earth‐abundant water oxidation electrocatalysts with high activity and durability is very important for many renewable energy conversion/storage processes. Herein, we report a facile synthetic method for the preparation of amorphous nickel–iron oxide/carbon composite nanofibers with high electrocatalytic activity and stability for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This method involves two main steps: (i) the electrospinning synthesis of Ni‐ and Fe‐embedded polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer nanofibers as the precursor and (ii) the thermal conversion of this precursor in air at 250 °C into nickel–iron oxide/carbon composite nanofibers. Moreover, we show that the as‐obtained composite material exhibits a comparable catalytic activity and a superior catalytic stability to IrOx/C and RuOx, which are state‐of‐the‐art noble‐metal‐based water oxidation electrocatalysts. In particular, the obtained amorphous nickel–iron oxide/carbon composite nanofibers with an optimal Ni/Fe molar ratio of 1:2 afford a small overpotential of 310 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, show high catalytic stability for >15 h, and give >90 % Faradaic yield toward the OER. The efficient catalytic activity of the material can be attributed to its overall conducive structural features for the OER, mainly including the amorphous phase structure of nickel–iron oxide, tunable Ni/Fe atomic ratio, and strongly coupled interaction between nickel–iron oxide and nanocarbon.
A Sequential Homologation of Alkynes and Aldehydes for Chain Elongation with Optional 13C‐Labeling
Authors: Brunner Andreas , Hintermann Lukas
Published: January 2016

Terminal alkynes (RCCH) are homologated by a sequence of ruthenium‐catalyzed anti‐Markovnikov hydration of alkyne to aldehyde (RCH2CHO), followed by Bestmann–Ohira alkynylation of aldehyde to chain‐elongated alkyne (RCH2CCH). Inverting the sequence by starting from aldehyde brings about the reciprocal homologation of aldehydes instead. The use of 13C‐labeled Bestmann–Ohira reagent (dimethyl ((1‐13C)‐1‐diazo‐2‐oxopropyl)phosphonate) for alkynylation provides straightforward access to singly or, through additional homologation, multiply 13C‐labeled alkynes. The labeled alkynes serve as synthetic platform for accessing a multitude of specifically 13C‐labeled products. Terminal alkynes with one or two 13C‐labels in the alkyne unit have been submitted to alkyne–azide click reactions; the copper‐catalyzed version (CuAAC) was found to display a regioselectivity of >50 000:1 for the 1,4‐ over the 1,5‐triazine isomer, as shown analytically by 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Sodium‐Ion Storage Properties of FeS–Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Powder with a Crumpled Structure
Authors: Lee Seung Yeon , Kang Yun Chan
Published: January 2016

The sodium‐ion storage properties of FeS–reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and Fe3O4‐rGO composite powders with crumpled structures have been studied. The Fe3O4‐rGO composite powder, prepared by one‐pot spray pyrolysis, could be transformed to an FeS‐rGO composite powder through a simple sulfidation treatment. The mean size of the Fe3O4 nanocrystals in the Fe3O4‐rGO composite powder was 4.4 nm. After sulfidation, FeS nanocrystals of size several hundred nanometers were confined within the crumpled structure of the rGO matrix. The initial discharge capacities of the FeS‐rGO and Fe3O4‐rGO composite powders were 740 and 442 mA h g−1, and their initial charge capacities were 530 and 165 mA h g−1, respectively. The discharge capacities of the FeS‐rGO and Fe3O4‐rGO composite powders at the 50th cycle were 547 and 150 mA h g−1, respectively. The FeS‐rGO composite powder showed superior sodium‐ion storage performance compared to the Fe3O4‐rGO composite powder.
Graphitic C3N4‐Sensitized TiO2 Nanotube Layers: A Visible‐Light Activated Efficient Metal‐Free Antimicrobial Platform
Authors: Xu Jingwen , Li Yan , Zhou Xuemei , Li Yuzhen , Gao Zhi‐Da , Song Yan‐Yan , Schmuki Patrik
Published: January 2016

Herein, we use a facile procedure to graft a thin graphitic C3N4 (g‐C3N4) layer on aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays (TiNT) by a one‐step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach. This provides a platform to enhance the visible‐light response of TiO2 nanotubes for antimicrobial applications. The formed g‐C3N4/TiNT binary nanocomposite exhibits excellent bactericidal efficiency against Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a visible‐light activated antibacterial coating, without the use of additional bactericides.
Iron‐Catalyzed Allylic Amination Directly from Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Emayavaramban Balakumar , Roy Moumita , Sundararaju Basker
Published: January 2016

Allylic amination, directly from alcohols, has been demonstrated without any Lewis acid activators using an efficient and regiospecific molecular iron catalyst. Various amines and alcohols were employed and the reaction proceeded through the oxidation/reduction (redox) pathway. A direct one‐step synthesis of common drugs, such as cinnarizine and nafetifine, was exhibited from cinnamyl alcohol that produced water as side product.
Erhöhung der Energieeffizienz von Abgasreinigungssystemen durch zeolithische Glätter
Authors: Meyer Sven , Carlowitz Otto , Napp Matthias , Poertner Martin , Pfutterer Matthias , Dammeyer Karl‐Heinz
Published: January 2016

Die Emissionen organischer Lösemittel aus Chargenproduktionen stellen die Abluftreinigung vor besondere Herausforderungen, da sie auf das Konzentrations‐ und Volumenmaximum ausgelegt sein muss. Damit sind in der Regel hohe Betriebsmittelkosten verbunden. Der Einsatz von adsorptiven Glättern (Zeolithen) kann die Konzentrationsspitzen reduzieren und zu einer Vergleichmäßigung der Konzentration an Lösemitteln in der Abluft führen. Das Verhalten der Zeolithe wird anhand von Ergebnissen einer Technikumsanlage gezeigt. Weiter erfolgt eine Betrachtung wirtschaftlicher Vorteile.
Wasseradsorption und ‐diffusion in SAPO‐34 für die adsorptive Wärmetransformation
Authors: Stallmach Frank , Splith Tobias , Chmelik Christian , Füldner Gerrit , Henninger Stefan K. , Kolokathis Panagiotis T. , Pantatosaki Evangelia , Papadopoulos George K.
Published: January 2016

Die Diffusion von Wasser in SAPO‐34 wurde im Temperatur‐ und Beladungsbereich, der für Anwendungen in der adsorptiven Wärmetransformation relevant ist, experimentell untersucht. Korrigierte Diffusionskoeffizienten aus IR‐Messungen, die direkt an Adsorptionsschichten auf einem Aluminiumträger während der Adsorption und Desorption gemessen wurden und Selbstdiffusionskoeffizienten aus NMR‐Untersuchungen im thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht sind untereinander konsistent, weitgehend beladungsunabhängig und etwa zwei Größenordnungen kleiner als die Diffusion des flüssigen Wassers bei gleicher Temperatur. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Wasserdiffusion im SAPO‐34 kann mit einer Aktivierungsenergie von (11 ± 2) kJ mol−1 beschrieben werden.
Structure–Activity Studies of Bis‐O‐Arylglycolamides: Inhibitors of the Integrated Stress Response
Authors: Hearn Brian R. , Jaishankar Priyadarshini , Sidrauski Carmela , Tsai Jordan C. , Vedantham Punitha , Fontaine Shaun D. , Walter Peter , Renslo Adam R.
Published: January 2016

The integrated stress response comprises multiple signaling pathways for detecting and responding to cellular stress that converge at a single event—the phosphorylation of Ser51 on the α‐subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α). Phosphorylation of eIF2α (eIF2α‐P) results in attenuation of global protein synthesis via the inhibitory effects of eIF2α‐P on eIF2B, the guanine exchange factor (GEF) for eIF2. Herein we describe structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of bis‐O‐arylglycolamides, first‐in‐class integrated stress response inhibitors (ISRIB). ISRIB analogues make cells insensitive to the effects of eIF2α‐P by activating the GEF activity of eIF2B and allowing global protein synthesis to proceed with residual unphosphorylated eIF2α. The SAR studies described herein support the proposed pharmacology of ISRIB analogues as binding across a symmetrical protein–protein interface formed between protein subunits of the dimeric eIF2B heteropentamer.
Site‐Specific Dynamics of β‐Sheet Peptides with DPro–Gly Turns Probed by Laser‐Excited Temperature‐Jump Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Popp Alexander , Scheerer David , Chi Heng , Keiderling Timothy A. , Hauser Karin
Published: January 2016

Turn residues and side‐chain interactions play an important role for the folding of β‐sheets. We investigated the conformational dynamics of a three‐stranded β‐sheet peptide (DPDP) and a two‐stranded β‐hairpin (WVYY–DP) by time‐resolved temperature‐jump (T‐jump) infrared spectroscopy. Both peptide sequences contain DPro–Gly residues that favor a tight β‐turn. The three‐stranded β‐sheet (Ac‐VFITSDPGKTYTEVDPGOKILQ–NH2) is stabilized by the turn sequences, whereas the β‐hairpin (SWTVEDPGKYTYK–NH2) folding is assisted by both the turn sequence and hydrophobic cross‐strand interactions. Relaxation times after the T‐jump were monitored as a function of temperature and occur on a sub‐microsecond time scale, DPDP being faster than WVYY–DP. The Xxx–DPro tertiary amide provides a detectable IR band, allowing us to probe the dynamics site‐specifically. The relative importance of the turn versus the intrastrand stability in β‐sheet formation is discussed.
Plasmon‐Induced Water Splitting Using Metallic‐Nanoparticle‐Loaded Photocatalysts and Photoelectrodes
Authors: Ueno Kosei , Oshikiri Tomoya , Misawa Hiroaki
Published: January 2016

The front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Hiroaki Misawa (Hokkaido University, Japan, and National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan). The image shows a plasmon‐induced water‐splitting system, which can collect hydrogen and oxygen separately and employs a semiconductor substrate. Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/cphc.201500761
Synthesis of Titania@Carbon Nanocomposite from Urea‐Impregnated Cellulose for Efficient Lithium and Sodium Batteries
Authors: Henry Aurélien , Louvain Nicolas , Fontaine Olivier , Stievano Lorenzo , Monconduit Laure , Boury Bruno
Published: January 2016

Nanostructured TiO2 and TiO2@C nanocomposites were prepared directly from urea‐impregnated cellulose by a simple reaction/diffusion process and evaluated as negative electrode materials for Li and Na batteries. By direct treatment with TiCl4 under anhydrous conditions, the urea impregnation of cellulose impacts both the TiO2 morphology and the carbon left by cellulose after pyrolysis. Hierarchical TiO2 structures with a flower‐like morphology grown from‐and‐at the surface of the cellulose fibers are obtained without any directing agent. The resulting TiO2/cellulose composite is then transformed either into pure TiO2 flowers by calcination in air at 600 °C, or into TiO2@C nanocomposites by pyrolysis under Ar at 600 °C. Electrochemical studies demonstrate that both samples can (de)insert lithium and sodium ions and are promising electrode materials.
Proteomic analysis of the INS‐1E secretome identify novel vitamin D‐regulated proteins
Authors: Pepaj Milaim , Bredahl May K. , Gjerlaugsen Nina , Thorsby Per M.
Published: January 2016

Background

Experimental evidence indicates that vitamin D may have a beneficial role in pancreatic β‐cell function.

Methods

In the present study, stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) in combination with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantitatively assess the impact of the active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25‐(OH)2D3, on global protein expression in INS‐1E cell secretome.

Results

Twenty‐one proteins were found up‐regulated (≥1.5 fold changes) and three down‐regulated (≤0.67) after treatment of INS‐1E cells with 1,25‐(OH)2D3. Up‐regulation of proteins implicated in β‐cell growth and proliferation, such as IGF2, IGFBP7 and gelsolin, suggest that 1,25‐(OH)2D3has a positive effect on β‐cell growth and proliferation. Moreover, modulations of several proteins implicated in prohormone processing and insulin exocytosis (IGF2, IGFBP7, Scg5, ProSAAS, Fabp5, Ptprn2 and gelsolin) appear to support the hypothesis that 1,25‐(OH)2D3plays positive modulatory role in insulin processing and secretion.

Conclusions

Together, we reveal a number of novel vitamin D‐regulated proteins that may contribute to a better understanding of the reported beneficial effects of vitamin D on pancreatic β‐cells. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Persistence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) is associated with clinical characteristics of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: a prospective study with 3‐year follow‐up
Authors: Huang Gan , Yin Min , Xiang Yufei , Li Xia , Shen Wei , Luo Shuoming , Lin Jian , Xie Zhiguo , Zheng Peilin , Zhou Zhiguang
Published: January 2016

Background

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a form of autoimmune diabetes with heterogeneous features. This study aimed to investigate the persistent status of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) in patients with LADA and its association with clinical characteristics.

Methods

This 3‐year follow‐up study enrolled 107 LADA and 40 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients from October 2005 to December 2013. GADA titer, epitopes, and clinical characteristics (including fasting C‐peptide and HbA1c) in LADA patients were assayed annually. The human leukocyte antigen DQ (HLA‐DQ) genotypes were also analysed. The relationship between the persistence of GADA and the clinical characteristics was investigated in LADA patients.

Results

After 3‐year follow‐up, 36.5% (39/107) LADA patients remained GADA positive (persistently positive group), 19.6% (21/107) patients fluctuated positively and negatively (fluctuating group), and 43.9% (47/107) patients became GADA negative, among which 61.7% (29/47) seroconversions occurred within 6 months of follow‐up (transiently positive group). The GADA persistently positive group possessed higher titer of GADA than transiently positive group and fluctuant group (all p = 0.000), higher reactivities to middle and C‐terminal regions of GAD65 than those in transiently positive group (p = 0.001 andp = 0.000, respectively), and lower baseline fasting C‐peptide level than T2DM patients and transiently positive group [415(31–1862)vs620(220–1658) pmol/L,p = 0.014; and 415(31–1862)vs705(64–1541) pmol/L,p = 0.017, respectively]. The GADA transiently positive group retained a higher HbA1clevel when compared with T2DM patients (p = 0.023). In addition, the three LADA groups shared similar frequencies of HLA‐DQ susceptible haplotypes that were higher as compared with T2DM. The GADA persistently positive group had a higher annual declining rate in fasting C‐peptide than T2DM patients [−14%(−174–33%)vs−1%(−27–28%),p = 0.007].

Conclusion

The LADA patients with GADA transient positivity account for a large proportion, whose clinical characteristics and HLA‐DQ haplotypes are different from those of T2DM. The patients with high titer GADA and reactivities to GADA65 middle and C‐terminal regions showed a persistent GADA positivity, in which a worse baseline and accelerated decline ofβ‐cell function need early intervention in the practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activity and distribution of plasma platelet‐activating factor acetylhydrolase in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and their neonates
Authors: Gao Qian , He Guo‐Lin , Zhang Li , Bai Huai , Liu Xing‐Hui , Fan Ping
Published: January 2016

Background

Abnormal activity and distribution of plasma platelet‐activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF‐AH) are associated with chronic inflammatory status. In this study, we investigate the activity and distribution of plasma PAF‐AH and their association with metabolic components in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and in their neonates.

Methods

Based on the International Association of Diabetes Pregnancy Study Group criteria, we performed a case‐controlled study of 101 women with GDM, 98 women with uncomplicated pregnancies, 142 neonates of mothers with GDM and 121 neonates of mothers with uncomplicated pregnancies. Plasma PAF‐AH, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐associated PAF‐AH (H‐PAF‐AH) and apolipoprotein (apo) B‐containing lipoprotein‐associated PAF‐AH (apoB‐PAF‐AH) activities were measured using the trichloroacetic acid precipitation procedure with PAF C‐16 as a substrate.

Results

The plasma PAF‐AH and apoB‐PAF‐AH activities, triglyceride (TG) levels, atherogenic index and TG/HDL‐C ratio were increased, and the H‐PAF‐AH proportions were decreased in the mothers with GDM compared with the control mothers (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that the apoB and TG levels were significant predictors of plasma PAF‐AH or apoB‐PAF‐AH activities, while the low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol levels, weight gain during pregnancy and age were associated with H‐PAF‐AH activities. The neonates of mothers with GDM had higher plasma insulin and glucose concentrations (p < 0.05) and tended to exhibit increased serum apoB levels (p = 0.062) compared with the neonates of mothers with uncomplicated pregnancies.

Conclusions

The mothers with GDM presented with a state of chronic inflammation, and these mothers and their neonates also exhibited unfavourable metabolic profiles in terms of glucose and lipids. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell type‐specific epigenome profiling using affinity‐purified nuclei
Authors: Chitikova Zhanna , Steiner Florian A.
Published: January 2016

The development of a multicellular organism from a single zygote depends on the differentiation of progenitor cells to specialized cell types. The differentiation of these cell types is associated with changes in gene expression and the underlying chromatin landscape. To understand how these processes are regulated, it is desirable to understand how the chromatin features that constitute the epigenome differ between cell types at any given time during development. INTACT, a method for the cell type‐specific purification of nuclei that can be used for the isolation of both RNA and chromatin, has emerged as a powerful tool to simultaneously study gene expression and chromatin profiles specifically in cell types of interest. In this review, we focus on the application of INTACT to different model organisms and discuss its potential for profiling cell types in their developmental context. genesis, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. genesis 54:160–169, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impacts of temperature on giant panda habitat in the north Minshan Mountains
Authors: Liu Gang , Guan Tianpei , Dai Qiang , Li Huixin , Gong Minghao
Published: January 2016

Understanding the impacts of meteorological factors on giant pandas is necessary for future conservation measures in response to global climate change. We integrated temperature data with three main habitat parameters (elevation, vegetation type, and bamboo species) to evaluate the influence of climate change on giant panda habitat in the northern Minshan Mountains using a habitat assessment model. Our study shows that temperature (relative importance = 25.1%) was the second most important variable influencing giant panda habitat excepting the elevation. There was a significant negative correlation between temperature and panda presence (ρ = −0.133, P < 0.05), and the temperature range preferred by giant pandas within the study area was 18–21°C, followed by 15–17°C and 22–24°C. The overall suitability of giant panda habitats will increase by 2.7%, however, it showed a opposite variation patterns between the eastern and northwestern region of the study area. Suitable and subsuitable habitats in the northwestern region of the study area, which is characterized by higher elevation and latitude, will increase by 18007.8 hm2 (9.8% habitat suitability), while the eastern region will suffer a decrease of 9543.5 hm2 (7.1% habitat suitability). Our results suggest that increasing areas of suitable giant panda habitat will support future giant panda expansion, and food shortage and insufficient living space will not arise as problems in the northwest Minshan Mountains, which means that giant pandas can adapt to climate change, and therefore may be resilient to climate change. Thus, for the safety and survival of giant pandas in the Baishuijiang Reserve, we propose strengthening the giant panda monitoring program in the west and improving the integrity of habitats to promote population dispersal with adjacent populations in the east.
Expanding the Family of Uranium(III) Alkyls: Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed‐Ligand Derivatives
Authors: Matson Ellen M. , Kiernicki John J. , Fanwick Phillip E. , Bart Suzanne C.
Published: January 2016

The generation of uranium(III) alkyls supported by hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate (Tp) and pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) ligands is reported. Mixed ancillary ligand frameworks were synthesized by treating TpUI2(THF)3 (1) and Cp*UI2(THF)3 with potassium hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate salts. Addition of one equivalent of potassium hydrotris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)borate (Tp*) generated TpTp*UI (2), while treatment of Cp*UI2(THF)3 with either KTp or KTp* resulted in the respective formation of Cp*TpUI(THF) (3) or Cp*Tp*UI(THF) (4). Alkylation of 2 with KCH2Ph or NaCH2SiMe3 furnished TpTp*UCH2Ph (2‐CH2Ph) or TpTp*UCH2SiMe3 (2‐CH2SiMe3). Similarly, treatment of 3 with NaCH2SiMe3 formed Cp*TpUCH2SiMe3 (3‐CH2SiMe3), whereas treatment of 4 with KCH2Ph generated Cp*Tp*UCH2Ph (4‐CH2Ph). All compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR, IR, and electronic absorption spectroscopy. Compounds 2‐CH2Ph, 3, and 3‐CH2SiMe3 were structurally characterized using X‐ray crystallography as well.
Synthesis and Characterization of Constitutionally Isomeric Oriented Calix[6]arene‐Based Rotaxanes
Authors: Zanichelli Valeria , Ragazzon Giulio , Arduini Arturo , Credi Alberto , Franchi Paola , Orlandini Guido , Venturi Margherita , Lucarini Marco , Secchi Andrea , Silvi Serena
Published: January 2016

Oriented rotaxanes composed of tris(N‐phenylureido)calix[6]arene wheel 1 and N,N′‐dialkyl viologen‐based axles were synthesized in which the span between the diphenylacetyl stoppers at the wheel upper and lower rim and the bis‐pyridinium cation portion of the axial component is different in length. A sequential synthetic pathway was followed to achieve the selective formation of orientational isomers, wherein the short (or long) chain of the axle is positioned either on the upper or lower rim of the wheel. The synthetic strategy adopted involves the upper rim threading of axles 2a–c to yield oriented pseudorotaxanes, which were then stoppered in situ. The structure of the oriented rotaxanes was unravelled by detailed NMR experiments, and their spectroscopic, electrochemical and dynamic properties were investigated by UV/Vis, cyclic voltammetry, and EPR measurements. The results were compared with those of their symmetric counterparts.
Removal of emerging pharmaceuticals from wastewater by ozone‐based advanced oxidation processes
Authors: Almomani Fares A. , Shawaqfah Moayyad , Bhosale Rahul R. , Kumar Anand
Published: January 2016

This study investigates the use of ozone as a pretreatment process for water containing pharmaceuticals. Experiments were carried out on synthetic wastewater, surface water, and the effluent of wastewater treatment plant. The degradation efficiencies of four groups of pharmaceuticals (antibiotics, estrogens, acidic, and neutral) were studied, and the effect of ozone dose and pH on the degradation efficiency was monitored. A Microtox™ bioassay test was used to evaluate the change in the toxicity of aqueous solutions before and after ozonation. The efficiency of oxidation of antibiotics, estrogens, and neutral pharmaceuticals increased as the ozone dose and pH increased. Ozone input dose of 188.1, 222.3, and 222.4 mg h−1was found to be optimum yielding the highest oxidation efficiency for the studied pharmaceuticals in synthetic wastewater, surface water and effluent of wastewater treatment plant, respectively. An average specific ozone dose of 2.05 for antibiotics, 1.11 for estrogens, and 1.30 mg O3/mg DOC for neutral pharmaceuticals reduced significantly the acute the toxicity of the water solutions and mineralized more than 40%, 33%, and 23% of DOC in less than 1 min. The kinetics of ozone with pharmaceuticals was modeled for synthetic wastewater as an overall second‐order reaction with a rate constant ranging from 103 to 106 M−1 s−1. The results indicate the effectiveness of ozone‐based advanced oxidation processes in removing emerging pharmaceuticals from water and wastewater. The results showed that ozonation process is more effective than other conventional oxidation processes (Cl2 and ClO2) in eliminating pharmaceuticals and reducing the toxicity of the effluent water or wastewater. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 982–995, 2016
MAC layer performance of the IEEE 802.15.7 visible light communication standard
Authors: Shams Parvaneh , Erol‐Kantarci Melike , Uysal Murat
Published: January 2016

Visible light communications (VLC) is a high‐speed wireless communication technology that has recently emerged. VLC uses the illumination infrastructure to meet broadband needs of bandwidth‐hungry devices. Its high data rate, immunity to electromagnetic interference, ability to operate in an unlicensed band and high reuse factor position VLC as a strong alternative to existing communication technologies. The physical and medium access control (MAC) layers of VLC have been standardised in IEEE 802.15.7. Yet, theoretical performance bounds of the MAC layer have not been explored in detail so far. In this paper, we derive Markov‐based performance bounds for the MAC layer of IEEE 802.15.7. We provide a thorough study of throughput, delay, power consumption, collision probability, transmission probability, access probability and packet discard probability using analytical analysis and simulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anthocyanin analyses of Vaccinium fruit dietary supplements
Authors: Lee Jungmin
Published: January 2016

Vaccinium fruit ingredients within dietary supplements were identified by comparisons with anthocyanin analyses of known Vaccinium profiles (demonstration of anthocyanin fingerprinting). Available Vaccinium supplements were purchased and analyzed, their anthocyanin profiles (based on high‐performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] separation) indicated if products' fruit origin listings were authentic. Over 30% of the Vaccinium fruit (cranberry, lingonberry, bilberry, and blueberry; 14 of 45) products available as dietary supplements did not contain the fruit listed as ingredients. Six supplements contained no anthocyanins. Five others had contents differing from labeled fruit (e.g., bilberry capsules containing Andean blueberry fruit). Of the samples that did contain the specified fruit (n = 27), anthocyanin content ranged from 0.04 to 14.37 mg per capsule, tablet, or teaspoon (5 g). Approaches to utilizing anthocyanins in assessment of sample authenticity, and a discussion of the challenges with anthocyanin profiles in quality control are both presented.
Alterations in neural systems mediating cognitive flexibility and inhibition in mood disorders
Authors: Piguet Camille , Cojan Yann , Sterpenich Virginie , Desseilles Martin , Bertschy Gilles , Vuilleumier Patrik
Published: January 2016

Impairment in mental flexibility may be a key component contributing to cardinal cognitive symptoms among mood disorders patients, particularly thought control disorders. Impaired ability to switch from one thought to another might reflect difficulties in either generating new mental states, inhibiting previous states, or both. However, the neural underpinnings of impaired cognitive flexibility in mood disorders remain largely unresolved. We compared a group of mood disorders patients (n = 29) and a group of matched healthy subjects (n = 32) on a novel task‐switching paradigm involving happy and sad faces, that allowed us to separate generation of a new mental set (Switch Cost) and inhibition of the previous set during switching (Inhibition Cost), using fMRI. Behavioral data showed a larger Switch Cost in patients relative to controls, but the average Inhibition Cost did not differ between groups. At the neural level, a main effect of group was found with stronger activation of the subgenual cingulate cortex in patients. The larger Switch Cost in patients was reflected by a stronger recruitment of brain regions involved in attention and executive control, including the left intraparietal sulcus, precuneus, left inferior fontal gyrus, and right anterior cingulate. Critically, activity in the subgenual cingulate cortex was not downregulated by inhibition in patients relative to controls. In conclusion, mood disorder patients have exaggerated Switch Cost relative to controls, and this deficit in cognitive flexibility is associated with increased activation of the fronto‐parietal attention networks, combined with impaired modulation of the subgenual cingulate cortex when inhibition of previous mental states is needed. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1335‐1348, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survivorship care experiences, information, and support needs of patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Manne Sharon , Hudson Shawna V. , Baredes Soly , Stroup Antoinette , Virtue Shannon Myers , Paddock Lisa , Kalyoussef Evelyne
Published: January 2016

Background

There is little research documenting the posttreatment experiences and needs of oral/oropharyngeal cancer survivors.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 92 patients with oral/oropharyngeal cancer diagnosed between 2 and 5 years prior completed a survey about oral cancer information and support needs.

Results

About half retrospectively reported that they did not receive a written treatment summary. The desire for more oral cancer information was common; one‐third or more desired more information about long‐term effects, recommended follow‐up, and symptoms that should prompt contacting a doctor. Support needs were less common; only a lack of energy was rated as a significant support need. Patients who had a recurrence, did not drink alcohol, and had a greater recurrence fear desired more information. Smokers and more distressed patients reported more support needs.

Conclusion

Survivors reported the desire for more oral cancer information. A desire for assistance was less common. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1935–E1946, 2016
Goat trampling affects plant establishment, runoff and sediment yields over crusted dunes
Authors: Kidron Giora J.
Published: January 2016

Mainly attributed to goat and sheep trampling, the sand dunes at the Israeli and the Egyptian sides of the border present contrasting geomorphological conditions. In an attempt to assess the trampling effect upon vegetation, runoff and sediment yield, two pairs of plots and miniplots (each pair contains a trampled plot and a control) were constructed during 1991 and monitored during 1991–1995. In order to assess the impact on vegetation, three pairs of vegetation plots, subjected to light, medium and heavy trampling, were established during 1993 and monitored. In addition, the effect of the micro structures created by the goat hooves (mounds and depressions) were studied in three pairs of plots subjected to medium trampling during 1993 and monitored during 1993–1996. As far as trampling intensity is concerned, the findings indicate an increase in species diversity, density and biomass from the intact crusted surface to the plots subjected to light and medium trampling with a decrease thereafter at the plots subjected to heavy trampling. As for the micro scale, the findings indicate significantly higher plant biomass for the first 2 years at the hooves‐formed mini mounds and mini depressions in comparison to intact crusted surfaces, with no significant difference during the third year. Significantly lower runoff and sediment yields characterized the trampled plots implying a reduction in water redistribution. The data point to the differential effect that trampling has upon plants and soil. While increasing annual plant growth along the slope, it hinders runoff flow to the footslope, negatively affecting water availability for footslope vegetation. Recovery, as also supported by chlorophyll and microrelief measurements, was scale dependent (attributed to differential supply of aeolian sand) with estimated recovery for the plots and miniplots being 4–5 and 8–10 years, respectively. The data indicate that upon the cessation of grazing and under similar precipitation regime, recovery time of the biocrust in the Sinai sand dunes may be short, within 5–6 years. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plant Root Templated Irrigation
Authors: Qasemi Mohsen , Johnson Drew W. , Sponsel Valerie M.
Published: January 2016

A new method is explored for subsurface irrigation where the plant root structure is used as the subsurface water distribution system. Plants are severed at the stem and the stem stump is attached to a pressurized water source such that water may permeate into surrounding soil through the existing buried root system. This pressurized root system serves as a well‐ distributed buried irrigation water source to the other nearby growing plants taking up water. The feasibility of using an existing root structure in this manner to supply water at rates necessary to satisfy other growing plants was determined by conducting laboratory water hydraulic conductance studies. Laboratory growth studies were used to directly test the proposed root templated irrigation (RTI) approach. Modelling simulations were also utilized to extend laboratory findings to other scenarios and compare expected water use efficiency benefits associated with this proposed irrigation method with surface irrigation (SI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) practices. Irrigation study measurements showed that RTI provides more efficient water use as compared to SI. Modelling calculations were in qualitative agreement with the experimental studies, indicating that RTI yields improvement in root water uptake over the SI and also SDI unless SDI source spacing is narrow. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recasting wave functions into valence bond structures: A simple projection method to describe excited states
Authors: Racine Julien , Hagebaum‐Reignier Denis , Carissan Yannick , Humbel Stéphane
Published: January 2016

A method is proposed to obtain coefficients and weights of valence bond (VB) determinants from multi configurational wave functions. This reading of the wave functions can apply to ground states as well as excited states. The method is based on projection operators. Both energetic and overlap‐based criteria are used to assess the quality of the resulting VB wave function. The approach gives a simple access to a VB rewriting for low‐lying states, and it is applied to the allyl cation, to the allyl radical and to the ethene (notably to the V‐state). For these states, large overlap between VB and multi reference wave functions are easily obtained. The approach proves to be useful to propose an interpretation of the nature of the V‐state of ethene. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.