bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of long‐term fertilizer practices on rhizosphere soil nitrogen mineralization in the double‐cropping rice field
Authors: Lihong Shi , Haiming Tang , Li Wen , Geng Sun , Kaikai Cheng , Mei Sun , Weiyan Li , Yong Guo
Published: February 2023

Nitrogen (N) was an important indictor in change of soil fertility, which was closely related with N mineralization process. However, there is still need to further study on how rhizosphere soil N mineralization in paddy field response to different fertilizer management. Therefore, the influence of long‐term (37‐years) fertilizer regime on rhizosphere soil N mineralization, ammonification and nitrification rates, and its relationship under the double‐cropping paddy field in southern of China were investigated in this study. The field experiment included following fertilizer regimes: inorganic fertilizer alone (MF), rice straw and inorganic fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% inorganic fertilizer (OM), and no application of any fertilizer as a control (CK). The result indicated that rhizosphere soil organic carbon (SOC), total N, NO3‐N, and NH4‐N contents in paddy field with OM and RF treatments were increased. The result showed that rhizosphere soil NO2−‐N and mineral N contents with OM and RF treatments were increased, and the order of soil NO2−‐N and mineral N contents with all fertilizer treatments was showed as OM > RF > MF > CK. This result proved that soil aerobic and anaerobic N mineralization rates in paddy field with OM and RF treatments were higher than that of CK and MF treatments. Compared with MF treatment, soil ammonification rate with RF and OM treatments increased by 45.16% and 67.74%, soil nitrification rate with RF and OM treatments increased by 45.71% and 77.14%, respectively. There had significantly positively correlation between soil net mineralization, nitrification rate and SOC, total N contents. As a result, applied with rice straw and organic manure was a good measure to improve soil N mineralization in the double‐cropping rice field.
Purpose: From theory to practice
Authors: Jones‐Khosla L. A. , Gomes J. F. S.
Published: February 2023

While there is abundant discussion in business journals on the “how to” of purpose to achieve social good beyond profitability, academic research addressing the theoretical and practical impact of purpose on an organization's performance is limited. Some management scholars claim that organizations that are not purpose‐driven and fail to consider the needs of their relevant stakeholders will not be able to create long term value for their companies. There is also concern that organizations may use purpose to show intention towards social good but lack tangible actions to demonstrate their commitment. To determine whether purpose impacts the long‐term value creation of organizations, this research paper examined a deeper understanding of the meaning of purpose from both individual and organizational perspectives. With clarity on individual purpose as the ability for humans to consciously set their intentions to achieve good, organizational purpose can be considered as the conscious intentions of individuals to work collectively towards social good beyond the singular goal of profitability. Building on this theoretical understanding of purpose, together with an exploration of the shift occurring in organizational responsibility from a singular focus on shareholder returns towards stakeholder inclusivity, this paper proposes a Stakeholder Purpose Framework which links the impact of purpose to long‐term value creation by aligning an organization's purpose with their stakeholders and measuring the outcomes of relevant environmental, social, and governance (ESG) metrics. Activating this framework will provide analytical data supporting whether (or not) purpose does impact an organization's ability to create long‐term value.
Microbial biomass activity of a sodic Lixisol reclaimed with gypsum and clean water irrigation in urban vegetable systems of Burkina Faso
Authors: Zongo Nongma , Dao Juliane , Lompo Désiré Jean‐Pascal , Stenchly Kathrin , Steiner Christoph , Manka'abusi Delphine , Sedogo Michel Papaoba , Buerkert Andreas , Joergensen Rainer Georg
Published: February 2023

Background

Little is known about the effects of gypsum application to remediate saline–sodic soils in the tropics and the role of microbial indicators in soil reclamation.

Aims

Our study aimed at (1) remediating a highly weathered, irrigated sodic Lixisol under prolonged urban crop production by clean water and gypsum application and (2) to determine the remediation effects on soil microbial indices.

Methods

A three‐factorial on‐farm experiment with maize (Zea mays L.) was used to study effects on soil microbial biomass of (1) soil degradation at two levels of salinity, (2) irrigation with clean water and wastewater, and (3) the impact of added gypsum during a typical growing season.

Results

At the high‐degradation site, the 0.5 M K2SO4 extractable carbon (C) content was 40% higher than at the low‐degradation site. In addition, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) were 20% lower than at the low‐degradation site, while fungal ergosterol was even 40% lower, leading to a 33% lower ergosterol/MBC ratio. Wastewater irrigation increased MBN but decreased ergosterol content at the low‐degradation site while having no effect at the high‐degradation site. Gypsum amendment led to higher MBN at the low‐degradation site but to lower MBN at the high‐degradation site. Gypsum amendment always increased the ergosterol content whereby this increase was stronger at the low‐degradation site, especially in combination with wastewater irrigation.

Conclusions

From a microbial perspective, high soil degradation levels should be avoided by treatment of a saline–sodic wastewater prior to its use for irrigation rather than relying on future remediation strategies of affected field sites.
Factors affecting authors' manuscript submission behaviour: A systematic review
Authors: Xu Xiaoting , Xie Juan , Sun Jianjun , Cheng Ying
Published: February 2023

As an important medium of science communication, academic journals promote the flow and growth of scientific knowledge. To examine the influence of factors on authors' choice of a journal, this paper reviews the literature on journal selection. A systematic review and critical interpretive synthesis methods were used in this study. A total of 132 articles were included and the content characteristics were extracted. Then, based on behavioural decision theory, the extracted data on journal selection factors were synthesized based on critical interpretive synthesis principles. Four synthetic constructs emerged: factors related to information acquisition, factors related to journal evaluation, factors related to submission outcome feedback, and factors related to the authors' backgrounds. The articles revealed that factors related to journal information acquisition and journal evaluation directly influenced authors' submission behaviour, while factors related to authors' backgrounds were moderating variables. Future research should focus on the processes of manuscript‐submission behaviour, to examine the relationships between the factors and identify the mechanisms.
Sorghum–mung bean combination snacks: Effect of extrusion temperature and moisture on chemical, functional, and nutritional characteristics
Authors: Kaur Jashandeep , Singh Baljit , Singh Arashdeep
Published: February 2023

Nine samples were formulated using whole sorghum–mung bean (70:30) at variable extrusion conditions: barrel temperature (130–170°C) and feed moisture (14–18%), and their effect on properties of snacks was examined. The results revealed that the elevation in temperature and moisture increased the antioxidant activity (ferric‐reducing antioxidant power and 2,2‐DiPhenyl‐2‐Picryl hydrazyl hydrate) and total phenolic content. This could be attributed to that the release of bound phenolics is accelerated by the extrusion treatment. However, higher temperature and lower moisture improved the functional properties such as expansion ratio, in vitro protein digestibility, overall acceptability, and expected glycemic index (50–51) of the snacks. A positive correlation was seen among slowly digestible starch and expected glycemic index of the snacks, water solubility index, and expansion ratio. A strong positive correlation was observed among total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Higher barrel temperature (170°C) and a lower feed moisture (14%) were found to be the best combination to produce nutritious sorghum–mung bean‐based snacks. Moreover, the snacks were found to be highly likeable among the sensory panel, which proves its commercialization properties.
Light Pareto robust optimization for IMRT treatment planning
Authors: Ripsman Danielle A. , Rahimi Fahimeh , Abouee‐Mehrizi Hossein , Mahmoudzadeh Houra
Published: February 2023

Background

Robust optimization (RO) has been proposed to mitigate breathing motion uncertainty during treatment in intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning for breast or lung cancer. RO is a pessimistic approach that implicitly trades off average‐case for worst‐case treatment plan quality. Pareto robust optimization (PRO) provides a mechanism for improving nonworst‐case plan outcomes, but often remains overly conservative in the average case.

Purpose

The goal of this study is to characterize the trade‐off between the optimality of robust IMRT plans in the worst case and the treatment quality in nonworst‐case realizations of breathing motion. We provide a light Pareto robust optimization (LPRO) method for IMRT and test its clinical viability for improving the average‐case plan quality while preserving robustness, in comparison to RO and PRO plans.

Methods

Five clinical left‐sided breast cancer patients were included in the study, each with an associated 4D‐CT dataset approximating their breathing cycle. Using simulation, 50 different breathing patterns were generated for each patient. A first‐stage optimization was solved with the objective of cardiac sparing while ensuring robustness on the target dose under breathing uncertainty. Next, a second‐stage objective of overdose minimization was considered to improve plan quality in a controlled LPRO framework. For the simulated breathing scenarios, the trade‐off between loss of average cardiac sparing at worst‐case and the overdose to the breast was quantified by calculating the accumulated dose for each plan in each breathing scenario. Finally, the RO, PRO, and LPRO plans were each evaluated using eight clinical dose–volume criteria on the target and organs at risk.

Results

The LPRO models allowed for significantly sharper dose falloffs in the expected dose instances, relative to both RO and PRO models. Plans began looking valid for delivery with average allowances of as little as +0.1 Gy additional dose to the heart, and most patients experienced diminishing returns beyond +0.2 Gy.

Conclusions

Without sacrificing robustness, the LPRO approach produces viable plans with true total‐target irradiation. Furthermore, the plans produced were able to reduce the nonworst‐case downside typical of RO, without the characteristic overdosing or average‐case pessimism seen in prior models.
Troubleshooting the pediatric gastrostomy
Authors: Blinman Thane , Hiller Dennis
Published: February 2023

Gastrostomy tubes benefit patients but also introduce hazards and costs. Most of these costs tend to be administratively invisible, but clinically expensive. Nurses, residents, emergency physicians, surgeons, and others routinely manage complaints about gastrostomy tubes or sites, and the time and effort costs are enormous. Despite widespread use of gastrostomy tubes and the large “cost of ownership,” scant instruction guides practitioners on troubleshooting the panoply of tube‐related problems. Instead, clinical folk‐wisdom leaves staff disarmed, resorting to lore or maladaptive work‐arounds that are futile or even harmful. But tubes and gastrostomies fail in predictable ways. This guide reviews commonly used gastrostomy tubes and how they are placed. Routine care of these tubes both in the immediate postoperative period and long‐term is detailed. Then, specific gastrostomy tube complications and their principle‐based countermeasures are described, organized by presenting complaint. Throughout, specific clinical pitfalls are called out along with their remedies. The aim is to demystify these devices and dispel myths that lead to error.
Mid‐infrared dual‐comb polarimetry of anisotropic samples
Authors: Hinrichs Karsten , Blevins Brianna , Furchner Andreas , Yadavalli Nataraja Sekhar , Minko Sergiy , Horvath Raphael , Mangold Markus
Published: February 2023

The mid‐infrared (mid‐IR) anisotropic optical response of a material probes vibrational fingerprints and absorption bands sensitive to order, structure, and direction‐dependent stimuli. Such anisotropic properties play a fundamental role in catalysis, optoelectronic, photonic, polymer and biomedical research and applications. Infrared dual‐comb polarimetry (IR‐DCP) is introduced as a powerful new spectroscopic method for the analysis of complex dielectric functions and anisotropic samples in the mid‐IR range. IR‐DCP enables novel hyperspectral and time‐resolved applications far beyond the technical possibilities of classical Fourier‐transform IR approaches. The method unravels structure–spectra relations at high spectral bandwidth up to 90 cm−1 and short integration times of 65 μs, with previously unattainable time resolutions for spectral IR polarimetric measurements for potential studies of noncyclic and irreversible processes. The polarimetric capabilities of IR‐DCP are demonstrated by investigating an anisotropic inhomogeneous freestanding nanofiber scaffold for neural tissue applications. Polarization sensitive multi‐angle dual‐comb transmission amplitude and absolute phase measurements (separately for ss‐, pp‐, ps‐, and sp‐polarized light) allow the in‐depth probing of the samples’ orientation‐dependent vibrational absorption properties. Mid‐IR anisotropies can quickly be identified by cross‐polarized IR‐DCP polarimetry.

Key points

A novel dual‐comb laser‐based technique is established for polarization‐dependent mid‐infrared spectroscopy.

Independent measurements of spectral s‐ and p‐polarized transmission amplitudes and phases in the μs range.

Visualization of the anisotropy of nanofiber scaffolds as used for neural tissue applications.
Thermally conditioned aerospace‐grade carbon fiber reinforced polyether ketone ketone composites: Structure, impact response, and thermomechanical performance
Authors: Sukur Emine Feyza
Published: February 2023

Carbon fiber‐reinforced high‐performance thermoplastic composites have recently become an efficient alternative for aerospace engineering applications. However, the temperature sensitivity of semi‐crystalline carbon fiber/polyether‐ketone‐ketone (CF/PEKK) polymers revealed the necessity of investigating their performance in service conditions. This study aims to evaluate the effect of extreme service conditions on thermomechanical performance and fracture characteristics of CF/PEKK composite laminates. For this, aerospace‐grade composite laminates were manufactured with the automated fiber placement process and were exposed to extreme service temperatures of −50°C (Conditioned I), 180°C (Conditioned II), and initially 180°C following −50°C (Conditioned III), simulating critical service temperature ranges in aerospace applications. According to impact tests, the energy absorbance of CF/PEKK composites decreased in all thermal conditioning scenarios by up to 25%. Additionally, Conditioned I samples represented relatively low glass transition temperature and degree of crystallinity compared to the control samples; however, Conditioned II and Conditioned III samples exhibited an opposite behavior. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) investigations revealed a 13% reduction in the storage modulus for all thermal conditionings. While CF/PEKK composites represented ductile/brittle behavior at room temperature and high/low conditioning temperatures, their brittleness increased at −50°C, and the structure became ductile at 180°C. This study confirms that DMA is a powerful tool for determining the glass transition temperature for fiber‐reinforced composites with higher sensitivity and accuracy than DSC.
Relationship between high trait anxiety in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and the difficulties in medical, welfare, and educational services
Authors: Nakajima Naomi , Tanaka Miho , Kanehara Akiko , Morishima Ryo , Kumakura Yousuke , Ohkouchi Noriko , Hamada Junko , Ogawa Tomoko , Tamune Hidetaka , Nakahara Mutsumi , Mori Shunsuke , Ichihashi Kayo , Jinde Seiichiro , Kano Yukiko , Sakamoto Ichiro , Tanaka Kyoko , Hirata Yoichiro , Ohashi Hirofumi , Shinohara Tokuko , Kasai Kiyoto
Published: February 2023

Aim

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with a high prevalence of mental health comorbidities. However, not enough attention has been paid to the elevated prevalence of high trait anxiety that begins early in life and may be enduring. We sought to identify specific medical, welfare, or educational difficulties associated with high trait anxiety in 22q11DS.

Methods

A questionnaire‐based survey was conducted for the parents of 22q11DS individuals (N = 125). First, a multiple regression analysis was conducted to confirm the hypothesis that high trait anxiety in individuals with 22q11DS would be associated with parents' psychological distress. This was based on 19 questionnaire options regarding what difficulties the parents currently face about their child's disease, characteristics, and traits. Next, we explored what challenges faced in medical, welfare, and educational services would be associated with the trait anxiety in their child.

Results

The multiple regression analysis confirmed that the high trait anxiety was significantly associated with parental psychological distress (β = 0.265, p = 0.018) among the 19 clinical/personal characteristics of 22q11DS. Furthermore, this characteristic was associated with various difficulties faced in the medical care, welfare, and education services, and the parent–child relationship.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first study to clarify quantitatively how the characteristic of high anxiety level in 22q11DS individuals is related to the caregivers' perceived difficulties in medical, welfare, and educational services. These results suggest the necessity of designing service structures informed of the fact that high trait anxiety is an important clinical feature of the syndrome.
Genetic and epigenetic control of the plant metabolome
Authors: Hayashi Koki , Alseekh Saleh , Fernie Alisdair R.
Published: February 2023

Plant metabolites are mainly produced through chemical reactions catalysed by enzymes encoded in the genome. Mutations in enzyme‐encoding or transcription factor‐encoding genes can alter the metabolome by changing the enzyme's catalytic activity or abundance, respectively. Insertion of transposable elements into non‐coding regions has also been reported to affect transcription and ultimately metabolite content. In addition to genetic mutations, transgenerational epigenetic variations have also been found to affect metabolic content by controlling the transcription of metabolism‐related genes. However, the majority of cases reported so far, in which epigenetic mechanisms are associated with metabolism, are non‐transgenerational, and are triggered by developmental signals or environmental stress. Although, accumulating research has provided evidence of strong genetic control of the metabolome, epigenetic control has been largely untouched. Here, we provide a review of the genetic and epigenetic control of metabolism with a focus on epigenetics. We discuss both transgenerational and non‐transgenerational epigenetic marks regulating metabolism as well as prospects of the field of metabolic control where intricate interactions between genetics and epigenetics are involved.
The Luminescence Properties of the Interstitial Eu2+ in SrB2O4 for UV Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Jin Ye , Ran Rongxia , Lin Hong , Li Yuyan , Chen Hongtao , Fang Fei , Lin Huayan , Ren Haishen
Published: February 2023

SrB2O4:Eu2+ is prepared by the high‐temperature solid‐phase method. The structure is characterized by X‐ray diffraction, and the luminescence properties are analyzed using fluorescence spectroscopy and decay curves. SrB2O4:Eu2+ has strong absorption in the UV region and two broadband emissions in the 350–550 nm, located at 374 and 458 nm. The broadband emission around 374 nm belongs to Eu2+ emission at the Sr lattice position, and the emission around 458 nm belongs to interstitial Eu2+ ions. At low concentrations, Eu2+ replaces the position of Sr2+ first, and the emission peak of 374 nm is stronger than that of 458 nm in the emission spectrum. The luminescence at 458 nm enhances significantly as the concentration of Eu2+ ions increases. The fluorescence lifetime confirms the presence of two luminescent centers, the EuSr and the interstitial Eu2+ ions. The temperature dependence luminescence of SrB2O4:Eu2+ is explored, and the activation energy is calculated to be ΔEa = 0.3622 eV. The Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of SrB2O4:Eu2+ are in the blue area. The results indicate that the interstitial Eu2+ benefits the color‐rendering index when SrB2O4:Eu2+ is used as a blue phosphor in UV light‐emitting diode (LED).
A bivariate CUSUM control chart based on exceedance statistics
Authors: Erem Aysegul , Mahmood Tahir
Published: February 2023

In manufacturing systems, statistical process control (SPC) is used to detect unusual observations in the process. Most control charts are composed based on the normality assumptions of the observations. However, checking the normality assumption in multivariate control systems cannot be practical in real‐life applications. As a result, we propose a nonparametric bivariate cumulative sum control chart (CUSUM) based on exceedance statistics for detecting the shifts in location parameters. Since the proposed chart (BCUSUM‐EX) relied on exceedance statistics and is nonparametric, the use of the chart is straightforward and practical for users. Moreover, due to the nature of CUSUM charts, the proposed chart contains information about historical and current observations. The performance of the BCUSUM‐EX chart is compared with the spatial sign CUSUM (SS‐CUSUM) control chart under some well‐known bivariate distributions such as bivariate normal, t, and gamma. The BCUSUM‐EX chart's performance is better than the SS‐CUSUM control chart regarding run length characteristics. Lastly, to show the importance of the proposed control chart, the BCUSUM‐EX chart has been applied to the aluminium electrolytic capacitor manufacturing process.
Position of Geminal Substitution of γ Amino Acid Residues Modulates Their Ability to Form Isolated Non‐Helical C12 β‐turn Mimics
Authors: Debnath Swapna , Vignesh S. R. , Satpati Priyadarshi , Chatterjee Sunanda
Published: February 2023

We have attempted the construction of isolated αγ non‐helical C12 β‐turn mimics in Boc‐Val‐DPro‐γx,x‐Leu‐NHMe (x,x=2/2, 3/3, 4/4) peptides by the incorporation of differentially dimethyl substituted γ amino acid residues at the (i+2) position of the turn. Solution conformation was probed in detail using NMR and CD spectroscopy. Irrespective of the solvent polarity, peptide containing γ2,2 amino acid residues failed to form the isolated tight β‐turn mimetic while peptides containing γ3,3 and γ4,4 residues successfully adopted isolated non‐helical C12 β‐turn mimic structure. The conformations adopted in solution were corroborated with DFT calculations. Such difference in the stereochemical ability of these di‐substituted γ amino acid residues arose from the difference in position of the di‐substitution along the backbone of the residue. Thus prudent choice of the position of di‐substitution in ω amino acid residues might be used as a strong peptidomimetic handle to control the structural design and generate complex structures.
Chemical Oxidation Synthesized High‐yield Carbon Dots for Acid Corrosion Inhibition of Q235 Steel
Authors: Zhu Jiajia , Zhu Mengyue , He Zhongyi , Xiong Liping , Zhang Renhui , Guo Lei
Published: February 2023

In this work, high‐yield carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are successfully synthesized by a simple chemical oxidation method using acetaldehyde as raw material. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetry (TGA), and XPS are used to analyze the structural characteristics of CQDs. The results demonstrate that many oxygen‐containing functional groups are on the surface of carbon nuclei. The inhibitive efficiency of electrochemical experiments and weight loss is 87.1 % and 95.3 %, respectively. SEM observes the surface morphology of the sample after 72 h corrosion with or without CQDs, and EDS analysis confirms that CQDs are effectively adsorbed on the surface of carbon steel. Furthermore, through calculation, the standard adsorption‐free energy of CQDs is −25 kJ/mol, concluding that the adsorption process is a combination of physisorption and chemisorption. This work is helping to solve the corrosion problem of metal equipment in the acid process.
Nanozyme‐Based Colorimetric SARS‐CoV‐2 Nucleic Acid Detection by Naked Eye
Authors: He Mengya , Xu Xican , Wang Hongyu , Wu Qingyuan , Zhang Linghao , Zhou Dongsheng , Tong Yigang , Su Xin , Liu Huiyu
Published: February 2023

Fluorescence‐based PCR and other amplification methods have been used for SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnostics, however, it requires costly fluorescence detectors and probes limiting deploying large‐scale screening. Here, a cut‐price colorimetric method for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection by iron manganese silicate nanozyme (IMSN) is established. IMSN catalyzes the oxidation of chromogenic substrates by its peroxidase (POD)‐like activity, which is effectively inhibited by pyrophosphate ions (PPi). Due to the large number of PPi generated by amplification processes, SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA can be detected by a colorimetric readout visible to the naked eye, with the detection limit of 240 copies mL−1. This conceptually new method has been successfully applied to correctly distinguish positive and negative oropharyngeal swab samples of COVID‐19. Colorimetric assay provides a low‐cost and instrumental‐free solution for nucleic acid detection, which holds great potential for facilitating virus surveillance.
Metal protoporphyrin‐induced self‐assembly nanoprobe enabling precise tracking and antioxidant protection of stem cells for ischemic stroke therapy
Authors: Shu Yimeng , Shen Hui , Yao Minghua , Shen Jie , Yang Guo‐Yuan , Chen Hangrong , Tang Yaohui , Ma Ming
Published: February 2023

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐based therapy has provided a promising strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke, which is still restricted by the lack of long‐term cell tracking strategy as well as the poor survival rate of stem cells in ischemic region. Herein, a dual‐functional nanoprobe, cobalt protoporphyrin‐induced nano‐self‐assembly (CPSP), has been developed through a cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP) aggregation‐induced self‐assembly strategy, which combines CoPP and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPION) via a simple solvent evaporation‐driven method. Without any additional carrier materials, the obtained CPSP is featured with good biocompatibility and high proportions of active ingredients. The SPIONs in CPSPs form a cluster‐like structure, endowing this nano‐self‐assembly with excellent T2‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging performance. Furthermore, the CoPP released from CPSPs could effectively protect MSCs by upregulating heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) expression. The in vivo cell tracing capacity of CPSPs is confirmed by monitoring the migration of labeled MSCs with MR imaging in a middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model. More importantly, the sustained release of CoPP from CPSPs improves the survival of transplanted MSCs and promotes neural repair and neurobehavioral recovery of ischemic mice. Overall, this work presents a novel dual‐functional nanoagent with an ingenious design for advancing MSC‐based therapy.
Smart Strategies for Light and Thermal Management in High‐Efficiency Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Wang Hongqiang , Zhang Chen , Du Ai
Published: February 2023

Solar steam generation (SSG), a solar‐driven water purification technology based on ultrablack photothermal materials (PTMs) and sunlight, has attracted wide attention around the world. That is because SSGs can obtain pure water without consuming fossil energy to alleviate the shortage of drinking water around the world. So far, scientists have made many ingenious designs to improve the comprehensive performance of evaporators. Based on the structural design of PTMs, the light and thermal management strategies involved in SSGs are comprehensively summarized and discussed herein. Light management strategies include intrinsic light absorption and enhanced light absorption through structure designs of different scales to reduce reflected energy loss. Thermal management strategies include reducing conduction, radiation, convective heat loss, and even capture heat from the warm ambient for water evaporation. Using these strategies to carry out careful structure designs, the evaporators can achieve high evaporation rates and efficiencies close to or above the theoretical values. Prospects for the development of SSGs and the urgent problems that need to be solved are discussed. It is expected that this review guides researchers in exploring the fundamentals and design strategies of SSG and further guides device optimization.
Mechanical properties, durability performance and interlayer adhesion of 3DPC mixtures: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Şahin Hatice Gizem , Mardani Ali
Published: February 2023

In this study, the strength and durability performance of 3D printing concrete mixtures (3DPC) were examined in terms of the materials used in their production and printing process parameters (interlayer interval time, printing speed, and nozzle shape). Due to the anisotropic nature of 3DPC, it was understood that the compressive strength depends on the loading direction. It was emphasized that it is necessary to control the shrinkage behavior of 3DPC mixtures due to the lack of formwork and the high dosage of binders. It was reported that the interlayer adhesion of 3DPC is highly dependent on the interlayer interval time and printing speed parameters. It was understood that nozzle shape and standoff distance affect the mechanical properties and surface roughness of 3DPC specimens, and this effect is more pronounced in mixtures with high static yield stress values.
Shear performance of stirrup corroded RC beams: Effects of strengthening interventions and corrosion rates
Authors: Ke Lu , Liang Longming , Zhou Jiale , Li Cong , Li Youlin , Chen Can
Published: February 2023

This paper investigates the shear performance of corroded reinforced concrete (RC) beams with different stirrup corrosion rates and strengthening interventions. In this work, eight corroded beams strengthened with various interventions, including U‐shaped stirrup, bonded steel plate, and anchored steel plate strengthening techniques, were tested under static loading. The experimental shear capacity, load–deflection response, and failure modes of the unstrengthened and strengthened specimens were carefully studied. Three shear capacity models based on GB50010‐2010, ACI 318‐08, and Eurocode 2 codes were proposed and discussed. The results showed that all specimens have the same failure mode, that is, the shear–compression failure. The shear capacities are improved by 17.36%–23.61% and 23.76%–38.46% by these interventions for the specimens with 10% and 20% stirrup corrosion rates, respectively. The anchored steel plate technique provides the maximum improvement in the shear capacity. Additionally, the increased stiffness of corroded specimens with strengthening interventions is apparent when the corrosion rate is 10% but not obvious when the corrosion rate is 20%. The models based on GB50010‐2010 and ACI 318‐08 codes were proved to have higher accuracy but may overestimate the shear capacity. In contrast, the Eurocode 2‐based model comes with relatively low prediction accuracy but conservative results, and it is recommended for engineering design.
Numerical evaluation of seismically retrofitted bridge concrete column under extreme loading
Authors: Havaei GholamReza
Published: February 2023

Columns have the most important role for overall stability of bridges and these elements are the most vulnerable structural components under extreme loading too. Therefore, studying and improving the performance of these elements under such loads has attracted widespread attention among researchers. The main objective of this paper is investigating the performance of bridge reinforced concrete columns which seismically retrofitted by steel or CFRP jacketing under blast load via finite element method. The finite element models' assumptions in Abaqus FE software are verified using the correlated experimental data from literature and good agreements have been obtained. Parametric studies are conducted to cover a wide range of factors including transverse and longitudinal reinforcement ratios, blast load intensity, type and thickness of conventional seismic retrofitting jacket. The results reveal that the longitudinal reinforcement ratio presents more effects on decreasing extreme loading demands than the transverse reinforcing. Moreover, utilizing seismically retrofitting jacket, especially CFRP jacket, tend to be an effective way to reduce demands of reinforced concrete column under extreme loading, where its effectiveness increases, in case of more severe events. Also, the current seismic damage state and performance level, can predict the damage level of columns in good agreement with the design specifications.
Molecular phylogenetic and population genetic relationships of a putative species of sucker (Catostomus sp.) from Surprise Valley in the Great Basin, USA
Authors: Campbell Matthew A. , Badger Mary E. , Buckmaster Nick , Starostka Andrew B. , Hawks Travis , Finger Amanda J.
Published: February 2023

Objective

The ichthyofaunal diversity of the Great Basin is incompletely characterized, with the Wall Canyon Sucker Catostomus sp. being one potential species. The Wall Canyon Sucker is limited in distribution to the Wall Canyon drainage of Surprise Valley, Washoe County, Nevada, USA. It was first documented and collected by C. L. Hubbs and R. R. Miller in 1934, and no species description has been published to date. Nonetheless, the Wall Canyon Sucker has been treated as a species and has appeared in various contexts within and outside of the scientific literature as such.

Methods

We conducted phylogenetic analyses and the first population genetics study of this putative species using genome-wide sampling obtained through restriction site-associated DNA sequencing to assess the Wall Canyon Sucker's relationships and population genetic characteristics.

Result

We found the Wall Canyon Sucker to be sister to the Warner Sucker C. warnerensis with high support and a median divergence time of 2.12 million years. Population genetic analyses supported that the Wall Canyon Sucker is a single genetic population with a high degree of isolation. Principal components and admixture analyses did not indicate recent admixture of the Wall Canyon Sucker with the Warner Sucker. Substantial differences in allele frequencies between the Wall Canyon and Warner suckers were apparent (genetic differentiation index FST = 0.15–0.21). Nucleotide diversity in the Wall Canyon Sucker was the lowest of all observations, and Tajima's D was greater than zero (D = 1.96), indicating population contraction and a lack of rare alleles, congruent with the desiccation of Lake Surprise and the persistence of the fish in a very restricted recent range. We undertook species delimitation with publicly available mitochondrial gene sequence data and found that a species-level designation of the Wall Canyon Sucker is appropriate in that framework as well.

Conclusion

The results of this study are consistent with recognition of the Wall Canyon Sucker as a species; however, it still requires a formal taxonomic description.
Applications of Zwitterions and Zwitterionic Polymers for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yoshizawa‐Fujita Masahiro , Ohno Hiroyuki
Published: February 2023

A zwitterion is a neutral compound that has both a cation and an anion in the same molecule. Quaternary ammonium cations are frequently used for zwitterions. Zwitterions with quaternary ammonium cations are also common in biological molecules, such as phospholipids, which are the main components of cell membranes. Chemically, they have broad applicability because they are dielectric, non‐volatile, and highly polar compounds with a large dipole moment. In addition, after salt addition, ion exchange does not occur in the presence of zwitterions. Owing to these characteristics, zwitterions have been applied as novel electrolyte materials targeting high ionic conductivity. In this review, application of zwitterions and their polymers for Li‐ion batteries is addressed.
Basic Research on Automatic Tying Equipment for Reinforced Steel Skeletons of Precast Shear Walls
Authors: Guo Zhenlei , Gao Zhijie , Duan Zhongjian , Zhang Jiayang
Published: February 2023

In order to study the parameters of the automatic tying equipment for steel skeletons of precast shear walls, 19 precast-shear-wall projects and 16,036 precast-shear walls have been explored, with the thickness of the steel skeletons being studied according to the specifications and sleeve diameters, and the difference between production with and without edge forms being analyzed. The study displays that the automatic tying equipment for steel skeletons should be able to produce wall panels with a height of 2.5–2.95 m and a width of 0.8–5.9 m; the equipment should be able to produce 6–25 types of reinforcement bars with a diameter of 6–25 mm; the minimum spacing between the steel skeletons produced by the equipment should be 5 mm; the equipment should be able to produce shear-wall skeletons with a thickness of 150–170 mm; in case that the equipment producing the steel skeletons with side forms is more problematic, they should be produced without such edge forms.
Experimental Study on the Self-Repair Properties of Shape Memory Alloy Concrete Beam
Authors: Zhang Yue , Cui Xian
Published: February 2023

The one-way memory composite super-elastic shape memory alloy wires were laid on the bottom of the reinforced concrete beam to make the intelligent concrete beam. The paper compares the self-repair properties of each test beam, and analyzes the influence of different memory filament ratio and different damage degree on the self-repair properties of SMA reinforced concrete beams. The test results suggest that the shape memory alloy can improve the self-repair ability of the concrete beam, the best when the damage degree is 70 and 50%.
Torus one-point correlation numbers in minimal Liouville gravity
Authors: Artemev A. , Belavin V.
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We present a method for the first principles calculation of tachyon one-point amplitudes in (2, 2p + 1) minimal Liouville gravity defined on a torus. The method is based on the higher equations of motion in the Liouville CFT. These equations were earlier successfully applied for analytic calculations of the amplitudes in the spherical topology. We show that this approach allows to reduce the moduli integrals entering the definition of the torus amplitudes to certain boundary contributions, which can be calculated explicitly. The results agree with the calculations performed in the matrix models approach.
Analytic two-loop master integrals for tW production at hadron colliders. Part II
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Yefan
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We present analytic results of the two-loop master integrals for hadronic tW production that contain two massive propagators. For the planar integral family, we succeed in constructing the canonical basis, so the results are written in terms of multiple polylogarithms. The master integrals in the non-planar integral families have been calculated by Taylor series expansion around $$ {m}_W^2 $$

m
W
2

= 0. Even with this simplification, there are multiple square roots involved in the differential equations, which can not be rationalized simultaneously. We find that a proper linear combination of the integral basis alleviates the problem so that the results are expressed by multiple polylogarithms or single integrals over multiple polylogarithms up to weight four. These single integrals can be evaluated using the classic Newton-Cotes formulas. Our analytic results of master integrals would be used in the computation of the two-loop amplitudes for tW production.
Visualizing a Task Performer’s Gaze to Foster Observers’ Performance and Learning—a Systematic Literature Review on Eye Movement Modeling Examples
Authors: Emhardt Selina N. , Kok Ellen , van Gog Tamara , Brandt-Gruwel Saskia , van Marlen Tim , Jarodzka Halszka
Published: February 2023

Eye movement modeling examples (EMMEs) are instructional videos (e.g., tutorials) that visualize another person’s gaze location while they demonstrate how to perform a task. This systematic literature review provides a detailed overview of studies on the effects of EMME to foster observers’ performance and learning and highlights their differences in EMME designs. Through a broad, systematic search on four relevant databases, we identified 72 EMME studies (78 experiments). First, we created an overview of the different study backgrounds. Studies most often taught tasks from the domains of sports/physical education, medicine, aviation, and STEM areas and had different rationales for displaying EMME. Next, we outlined how studies differed in terms of participant characteristics, task types, and the design of the EMME materials, which makes it hard to infer how these differences affect performance and learning. Third, we concluded that the vast majority of the experiments showed at least some positive effects of EMME during learning, on tests directly after learning, and tests after a delay. Finally, our results provide a first indication of which EMME characteristics may positively influence learning. Future research should start to more systematically examine the effects of specific EMME design choices for specific participant populations and task types.
A Culture of Consent: Legal Practitioners’ Experiences of Representing Women Who Have Been Misidentified as Predominant Aggressors on Family Violence Intervention Orders in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Reeves Ellen
Published: February 2023

There is currently unprecedented attention in Australia on the misidentification of women victim-survivors as family violence ‘predominant aggressors’—this focus has largely been oriented towards the role of the police. Less research has considered court responses to misidentification and specifically, the role that legal practitioners play in recognising and responding to clients who have been misidentified. This article addresses this key gap in the literature through an exploration of 18 legal practitioners’ experiences of representing misidentified clients in the civil protection order system in the Australian state of Victoria. The findings suggest that legal practitioners face a number of challenges when representing clients who have been misidentified and that the magistrates’ courts are ill-equipped to respond to misidentification. As a consequence, a culture of respondents consenting to orders that should never have been made against them is maintained. This article calls for a greater focus on the role that the courts can play in providing a ‘safety net’ for victim-survivors who have been misidentified.
Challenges and opportunities in the use of ponds and pondscapes as Nature-based Solutions
Authors: Cuenca-Cambronero M. , Blicharska M. , Perrin J.-A. , Davidson T. A. , Oertli B. , Lago M. , Beklioglu M. , Meerhoff M. , Arim M. , Teixeira J. , De Meester L. , Biggs J. , Robin J. , Martin B. , Greaves H. M. , Sayer C. D. , Lemmens P. , Boix D. , Mehner T. , Bartrons M. , Brucet S.
Published: February 2023

Ponds and “pondscapes” (networks of ponds) are crucial habitats for biodiversity and for delivering multiple benefits to humans, so-called “Nature’s Contribution to People”, such as climate mitigation and adaptation to climate change, creation, and maintenance of habitat for biodiversity, water purification, flood mitigation and cultural benefits (e.g., recreational possibilities). However, ponds are not often considered as Nature-based Solutions to provide all these benefits. In addition, there is insufficient knowledge on how to manage and restore ponds to maximise their role to increase the resilience of ecosystems and society to climate change. To facilitate improved implementation of ponds as Nature-based Solutions for the delivery of a wide range of Nature Contributions to People, it is important to generate and integrate biodiversity, ecosystems, societal, economic and policy knowledge. Hence, there is a need for evidence-based guidance to support the broader use of ponds. Here, we review the role of ponds and pondscapes in delivering Nature’s Contributions to People and provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities for their broader implementation as Nature-based Solutions. Finally, we propose a conceptual framework that can help the implementation of pond Nature-based Solutions, and that outlines future research needs.
An Extended (2 + 1)-dimensional Coupled Burgers System in Fluid Mechanics: Symmetry Reductions; Kudryashov Method; Conservation Laws
Authors: Adem A. R. , Muatjetjeja B. , Moretlo T. S.
Published: February 2023

The Burgers-type equations are noticed in plasma astrophysics, ocean dynamics, atmospheric science, computational fluid mechanics, cosmology, condensed matter physics, statistical physics, nonlinear acoustics, vehicular traffic, electronic transport, etc. This prompts us to examine an extended (2 + 1)-dimensional coupled Burgers system in fluid mechanics. We determine novel exact solutions by the Lie symmetry method in conjunction with Kurdyshov method. Finally, conservation laws of the abovementioned system are generated. The findings can well mimic complex waves and their dealing dynamics in fluids.
Non-linear Manifold Reduced-Order Models with Convolutional Autoencoders and Reduced Over-Collocation Method
Authors: Romor Francesco , Stabile Giovanni , Rozza Gianluigi
Published: February 2023

Non-affine parametric dependencies, nonlinearities and advection-dominated regimes of the model of interest can result in a slow Kolmogorov n-width decay, which precludes the realization of efficient reduced-order models based on linear subspace approximations. Among the possible solutions, there are purely data-driven methods that leverage autoencoders and their variants to learn a latent representation of the dynamical system, and then evolve it in time with another architecture. Despite their success in many applications where standard linear techniques fail, more has to be done to increase the interpretability of the results, especially outside the training range and not in regimes characterized by an abundance of data. Not to mention that none of the knowledge on the physics of the model is exploited during the predictive phase. In order to overcome these weaknesses, we implement the non-linear manifold method introduced by Lee and Carlberg (J Comput Phys 404:108973, 2020) with hyper-reduction achieved through reduced over-collocation and teacher–student training of a reduced decoder. We test the methodology on a 2d non-linear conservation law and a 2d shallow water models, and compare the results obtained with a purely data-driven method for which the dynamics is evolved in time with a long-short term memory network.