bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Emotions of Those With a Gambling Disorder: Insights From Automated Text Analysis
Authors: Brown Terrence , Caruana Albert , Mulvey Michael , Pitt Leyland
Published: May 2021

The diffusion and growth of the web and the social media applications that it has provided have seen people increasingly turn to social media to express their feelings, frustrations, and ambitions and to generally share life events. Like other internet users, those with a gambling disorder are also known to use specialized online forums to read the experiences articulated by others and to open up, share, and express themselves online. In this study, we examined how those with a gambling disorder talk about their emotions and express sentiment through their online comments. Sentiment Analysis in IBM Watson was used to capture expressed emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise) and sentiments. These data were then used as input to a latent class cluster modelling procedure aimed at categorizing those with a gambling disorder into distinct groups. The findings show how qualitative online data can be transformed into quantitative insights in order to identify different categories of people with a gambling disorder. The technique offers a non-intrusive method of data collection that can provide useful insights into the emotions felt and expressed by those with a gambling disorder.Résumé L’usage répandu d’applications Internet et de médias sociaux a conduit les gens à se tourner de plus en plus vers les réseaux sociaux pour communiquer leurs sentiments, leurs ambitions et ce qui se passe dans leur vie. À l’instar d’autres internautes, les personnes qui ont des problèmes de jeu fréquentent des forums spécialisés en ligne pour s’exprimer et savoir ce que vivent des gens ayant des problèmes semblables aux leurs. Cette étude examine, à travers leurs commentaires en ligne, comment ces personnes aux prises avec une dépendance au jeu parlent de leurs émotions. Nous nous servons de la fonction d’analyse des sentiments d’IBM Watson pour capturer les émotions exprimées (colère, aversion, peur, joie, tristesse et étonnement) et autres sentiments. Ces données font ensuite l’objet d’une modélisation conjuguant l’analyse des classes latentes et l’analyse par grappe, et qui vise à constituer des sous-groupes de joueurs ayant un problème de dépendance. Les résultats font voir que les données qualitatives en ligne peuvent être transformées en données quantitatives qui permettent de distinguer des sous-groupes parmi les personnes aux prises avec une dépendance au jeu. Nous traitons dans cet article de la possibilité de traitements ciblés à l’intention de ces sous-groupes, ainsi que des limites de cette méthode.
Gambling and retirement: A qualitative study of non-problem gambling in the course of life of women
Authors: Lelonek-Kuleta Bernadeta
Published: May 2021

Studies show that differences exist in how women and men gamble. However, publications devoted to senior gamblers usually describe them as a homogeneous group without distinguishing between senior men and women. The purpose of this qualitative research was to explore the experience of gambling by older women. The article presents how interest in gambling developed in a group of older women who gamble recreationally. In-depth interviews conducted with 26 non-addicted women have revealed that in retirement they most often return to this activity known for many years, and the initiation of gambling rarely occurs during this period of life. Retired women gamble more often and more regularly than do younger women, explained by them having fewer responsibilities and more free time, yet they are able to maintain control over their spending on the game. The results of this study suggest that gambling can be valid a form of recreation in retirement, but psychoeducation about threats and the use of responsible gambling strategies is important.RésuméLes études montrent qu’il y a des différences dans la façon dont les femmes et les hommes jouent. Cependant, les publications consacrées aux aînés les décrivent généralement comme un groupe homogène, sans faire la distinction entre les hommes et les femmes. La recherche qualitative avait pour but d’examiner l’expérience du jeu chez les femmes âgées. L’article décrit la façon dont l’intérêt pour le jeu naît dans un groupe de femmes âgées qui jouent par plaisir. Des entrevues approfondies menées auprès de 26 femmes non dépendantes ont révélé qu’à la retraite, elles reviennent le plus souvent à des activités qu’elles pratiquent depuis de nombreuses années, et commencent rarement à jouer durant cette période de leur vie. Les femmes retraitées jouent plus souvent et plus régulièrement que les femmes plus jeunes, ce qu’elles expliquent par le fait qu’elles ont moins de responsabilités et plus de temps libre, mais elles arrivent toutefois à contrôler leurs dépenses en jeu. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que le jeu peut être une forme de loisir à la retraite, mais que la psychoéducation portant sur les menaces et l’emploi de stratégies de jeu responsable sont importants.
Megaliths in Tropical Africa: Social Dynamics and Mortuary Practices in Ancient Senegambia (ca. 1350 BCE – 1500 CE)
Authors: Holl Augustin F.C.
Published: May 2021

When analyzed systematically, Tropical Africa megalithism appears to have emerged in contexts of friction between different lifeways, agriculturalists versus foragers, pastoralists versus hunter-gatherers-fishermen, or agriculturalists versus fishing folks. The monuments built were clearly part of actual territorial strategies. Research conducted by the Sine Ngayene Archaeological Project (2002-2012)  frontally addressed the “Why” of the emergence of megalithism in that part of the world, and probes the reasons for the performance of the elaborate burial practices preserved in the archaeological record. This paper emphasizes the diversity and complexity of burial protocols invented by Senegambian “megalith-builders” communities from 1450 BCE to 1500 CE. Senegambian megalithism is shown to have proceeded from territorial marking imperatives, shaping a multi-layered cultural landscape through the implemented mortuary programs anchored on the construction of Ancestorhood.

Keywords: Megaliths; Senegambia; Cultural landscape; Mortuary program; Burial practice; Monolith-circle; Sine-Ngayene;
Fireworks-related Injuries during New Year celebrations in Kosovo: A comparison of the years 2008 and 2009
Authors: Buja Z , Arifi H , Hoxha E , Martinaj M
Published: May 2021

Background: Fireworks related injuries in children occur in Kosovo particularly during New Year celebrations.Aim: To report the pattern of fireworks- related injuries in childrenup to 16 years of age treated at the Emergency Center and Plastic Surgery,University Clinical Centre of Kosovo during the 2008 and 2009 New Year celebrations.Methods: Retrospective review of hospital recordsResults: During the New Year celebrations in 2008, a total of 65 caseswere admitted, 32 (49.2%) of who were children injured by fireworks. The ages of the children ranged from 5 to 16 years with a mean of 10.5years. The modal age affected was the 10 – 14 year-old group (53.6%). Boys constituted 93.8% of patients and girls 6.3%. During the 2009 New Year celebration, 17 cases were admitted with fireworks injuries, 12 (70.58%) of who were children ranging in age from 8 to 15 years (mean 11.5 years) with a modal age group of 10 – 14 years (66.7%). Boys accounted for 88.3% and girls for 16.7% of patients.Conclusions: The frequency of fireworks injuries reduced appreciablyafter introduction of laws restricting sales of fireworks devices and banningtheir use by children.Recommendations: It is recommended that parents play a greaterrole in controlling the activities of their children during festivities. Thegovernment and police should also ensure compliance with the law onthe use of fireworks during the holidays.Key words: fireworks injury, epidemiology, wounds, prevention.
Childhood hypertension and family history of hypertension in primary school children in Port Harcourt
Authors: Okoh BAN , Alikor EAD
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine the relationship between childhood hypertension and family history of hypertension in primary school children in Port Harcourt.Methods: A stratified multi-staged sampling technique was used torecruit pupils between 6-12 years of age, from thirteen primary schoolslocated in three school districts. Data was collected using a pretestedquestionnaire completed by parents / guardians. The average of three blood pressure measurements, weight and height were taken for each pupil, using standardized techniques. Hypertension was defined as average systolic and / or diastolic blood pressure greater than or equalto the 95th percentile for age, gender and height using the standard bloodpressure charts. Family history of hypertension was defined as eitherparent indicating on the submitted questionnaire that they were hypertensive (diagnosed by a physician and/or on antihypertensive drugs)or had a family history of hypertension.Results: A total of 1302 pupils with 717 (55.1%) females and 585(44.9%) males were studied, giving a female to male ratio of 1.2:1. Themean age of pupils studied was 8.82±1.91 years. Sixty one (4.7%)of the pupils examined had hypertension. Of the 1302 pupils, 316(24.3%) had a family history of hypertension. The mean systolic(p<0.001) and diastolic (p=0.220) blood pressures were higher in childrenwith a family history of hypertension than in those without. Ofthe pupils that had a family history of hypertension, 7.9% had  hypertension, while 3.7% of those that did not have a family history, werefound to be hypertensive (p=0.001).Conclusion: A family history of hypertension was associated with a higher prevalence of childhood hypertension than was seen in children without a family history of hypertension.Key words: Childhood Hypertension, Family history.
Massive subgaleal haematoma in a 5 year old child – A case report
Authors: Adeboye MAN , Adegboye OA , Yusuf AS , Saka AO , Akintola MA , Ayeni AS , Adebayo AB , Olorunsola S , Buhari T
Published: May 2021

Subgaleal haematoma (SH) is a collection of blood between the bony skull and the loose connective tissue. It is almost a diagnosis confined to the neonatal age group with very few occurring beyond the age. Presentation could be sudden or chronic as deterioration in the cardio pulmonary status,shock, skin changes, airway obstruction and neurological sequealae.While assisted delivery with birth trauma are recognized causal factorsin the neonate, trauma to the head and blood related disorders have been reported to be major causes in older children and adults. Usually, the Small SH resolves spontaneously while the massive ones require active management; often with neuro surgical intervention. It also needs identifying the cause so as to treat and prevent a recurrence. We present a case of massive SH in a 5 year old mentally subnormal child with seizure disorder with a favourable outcome.
Nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units: Cost-effective control strategies in resource-limited countries
Authors: Uwaezuoke SN , Obu HA
Published: May 2021

Background: Nosocomial infections or hospital-acquired infectionsconstitute a global health problem. They lead to significant morbidity and mortality in both developed and resource-limited countries. The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a suitable environment for disseminating these infections; underscoring the need for preventive intervention measures.Objectives: This review aims to highlight the global burden of nosocomialinfections in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), to discuss their epidemiology and clinical spectrum, as well as the costeffective control strategies in resource-limited settings.Sources: Sources of information were from Google searches andPubMed- linked articles using the key words- nosocomial infections,neonatal intensive care unit, control. Related articles from hard copiesof medical literature and journals were also gathered.Results: Although paucity of data exists on the incidence of nosocomialinfections in NICUs in developing countries, reports from developedcountries indicate a range of 6% to 25%. Much higher figures were noted in some developing countries. Several risk factors for nosocomial infections were identified but varied in different NICUs surveyed. Effective control strategies have been recommended but hand washing or hand hygiene appears universally applicable in both developed and resource-limitedcountries. Economic analyses of these strategies in developed countrieshave established their costeffectiveness while the adaptability of hand hygiene program to resource-limited settings has been demonstrated in a World Health Organization pilot study in sub- Saharan Africa.Conclusion: Hand washing or hand hygiene by health-care personnelremains the most important evidence-based and cost-effective controlstrategy for the spread of nosocomial infections in NICUs in resource-limited countries.Key words: nosocomial infections; neonatal intensive care unit;control.
Prelacteal feeding practices among lactating mothers in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Ibadin OM , Ofili NA , Monday P , Nwajei CJ
Published: May 2021

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is the cornerstone of adequate early infant nutrition. Despite the acknowledged gains of Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) and other interventional measures in ensuring optimal infant nutrition, it is still a common practice for newborn babies to be givensubstances other than breast milk within the first day of life.Methods: To re-examine why this is so, a prospective, cross-sectionalstudy involving mothers with recent history of lactation was carried. Itinvolved 403 mothers attending the well Baby Clinic of the Universityof Benin Teaching Hospital in 2009. A semi structured questionnairewas used in obtaining relevant information on pre-lacteal feeding.Results: The prevalence of prelacteal feeding was 11.7%. Wateronly constituted the most common (44.3%) pre-lacteal feed. Otherfeeds administered included glucose drink, (37.2%), and honey (4.6%).The reasons for pre-lacteal feeding included perceived delayed lactationand the need to keep the body warm and mouth moist. The younger the respondents, the more likely she would practice pre-lacteal feeding (X2 = 11.4; p = 0.022). Also significantly associated with pre-lacteal feeding is the route of delivery. Pre-lacteal feeding was commoner with surgical deliveries (X2 = 7.0; p = 0.05). Pre-lacteal feeding was however un-associated with respondents’ tribe, educational status, religion and place of delivery. Pre-lacteal feeding remains a challenge to adequate infant nutrition.Conclusion/Recommendations: There is need for further enlightenmenton the dangers inherent in the practice. Education of the populacewould need to be improved upon if the initial gains accruing fromBFHI are not to be reversed.Key words: Pre-lacteal feeding Infant, Nutrition, Benin City.
Pattern of acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children under five years of age in Jos Nigeria
Authors: Yilgwan CS , John C , Abok II , Okolo SN
Published: May 2021

Background: Acute respiratory infections are the commonest cause of acute morbidity in children especially those under five in the developing countries. Clinical diagnosis is of utmost importance considering the unavailability of radiological and microbiological services in most primary care settings in most developing countries.Methodology: Thirty nine children with symptoms of acute respiratoryinfection attending our emergency room over a one year period wererecruited. Each had a CXR and blood culture ordered by the attendingphysician on admission.Results: Thirty nine subjects were admitted with ARI with a hospitalprevalence of 43.5/1000 person per year (39/897). Mean age was18.75+17.23 mo, (Females =25.6+19.1, Males = 13.8+14.2, t=2.2, p=0.03). Bronchiolitis was the commonest ARI seen in infants, tonsillitis in children beyond infancy while pneumonia was seen in all age groups. The cardinal feature of each disease entity was Fever, cough, breathlessness, tachycardia and hypoxemia in those with Pneumonia; Catarrh, nasal congestion and tachypnoea in those with bronchiolitis, while fever and vomiting were seen in those with pharyngotonsilitis.Conclusion: This review highlights the common ARI in our setting.Efforts need to be intensified on the identification of children with ARIin the children emergency room with the aim of prompt and appropriatemanagement in order to meet the MDG targets.
Paediatric endoscopy in Nigeria humble beginning
Authors: Ikobah JM , Ngim OE , Adeniyi F , Ekanem EE , Abiodun P
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Paediatric gastroenterology has become an established subspecialty in the last five decades in developed and some developing countries. Endoscopy is the cornerstone of this sub-specialty. In Nigeria, it is still at its infancy stage, though with increasing local interest. This is a report of the first Paediatric Endoscopy Workshop in Nigeria organized as a pre -conference by the Paediatric Association of Nigeria (PAN) and the Nigerian Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NISPGHAN).Aim: The aim of the conference was to promote and create awareness on paediatric gastroenterology as a subspecialty and introduce participants to the practice of paediatric endoscopy.Method: This was a two day preconference workshop. Paediatricians, paediatric resisdents and nurses were in attendance. One International and three National resource persons were on ground to impart the needed knowledge and skills. Training involved didactic lectures, hands-on sessions using manikins and three live sessions involving the upper gastrointestinal tract.Results: There were 40 attendees on day 1: 22 (55%) paediatric residents, 12 (30%) consultant paediatricians and six (15%) nurses. Day 2: 22 (52%) paediatric residents, 12 (29%) consultant paediatricians and eight (19%) nurses. Three children (two females and one male) had upper GI endoscopy (with biopsy done in two cases) during the pre-conference workshop as live sessions. They were aged eight, nine and 16 years. Indications for endoscopy were recurrent haematemesis in an eight year old female patient and recurrent upper abdominal pain in the other two patients (a male and a female). Gastritis was found in the two patients and this was confirmed histologically in one of the patients.Conclusion: The training stirred up participant’s interest in this subspecialty of paediatrics. It brought to fore the need for paediatric endoscopy to be developed in Nigeria. The procedure should be performed at tertiary centres at this stage of our development and the cost of it covered by the National Health Insurance Scheme. Four training centres to aid interested paediatricians and paediatric trained nurses acquire the needed skills are recommended.Keywords: Paediatric endoscopy, Calabar, Nigeria.
Steroid-induced diabetic ketoacidosis in a 14-year-old boy with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome: Case report and literature review.
Authors: Onyiriuka AN , Iduoriyekemwen NJ , Esin RY
Published: May 2021

In this report, we described the case of a 14-year-old boy with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome who developed hyperglycaemia and ultimately, diabetic ketoacidosis, following high-dose steroid therapy for a primary renal disease. The nephrotic syndrome was diagnosed based on generalized oedema, massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and hypercholesterolaemia. Serum creatinine and random blood glucose levels were normal and there was no glycosuria. He was commenced on high dose prednisolone 40 mg 12 hourly and by the 8th day on prednisolone, he achieved remission and was discharged. However, four weeks later, he developed features of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) which was confirmed by the presence of hyperglycaemia (random blood glucose19.4 mmol/L), acidosis (serum bicarbonate 10 mmol/L) and ketonuria (2+). The DKA was managed with intravenous fluid (0.9% sodium chloride), continuous insulin infusion and antibiotics. After resolution of the DKA, he was switched to subcutaneous soluble insulin and thereafter, premixed insulin twice daily with a reduction in the dose of prednisolone and was discharged home after 30 days on admission. Blood glucose level has remained within normal range one year after discontinuing insulin and he is still in remission with regard to the nephrotic syndrome at follow up.Conclusion: The risk of diabetic ketoacidosis should be considered in the course of steroid therapy for nephrotic syndrome. To avoid missing of cases of steroid-induced diabetes mellitus, and ultimately DKA, both fasting and postprandial blood glucose values should be monitored.Key words: Adolescence, diabetes, ketoacidosis, nephrotic syndrome, steroid therapy.
Systemic lupus erythematosus in a 7-year-old girl: A first case report from northern Nigeria
Authors: Adisa AK , Adamu H , Asani MO , Aliyu I
Published: May 2021

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune multisystemic inflammatory disease that is rare in children. Though a disease of the black race it is rarely diagnosed in black African children. Only few cases have been report in Nigeria and these were in the south. We report a case of a 7-year-old girl who presented with recurrent body swellings, an unusual rash, pericardial effusion and gastro-intestinal disturbances. The diagnosis was made after serology was found to be positive for Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA). She later developed stroke which was characterized by a convulsive episode, loss of consciousness and subsequent rightsided hemiplegia. She gradually regained consciousness after three days with residual weakness of the right side of her body. She has commenced prednisolone and is currently on follow-up at our clinic. SLE though rareshould be considered in any child with multiorgan disease, nephritis or stroke, especially after common conditions in our environment have been excluded.Key words; Systemic lupus erythematosus, serositis, stroke, nephritis, rashes.
Hypomelanosis of Ito: Case report of a rare neurocutaneous syndrome in a neonate and review of the literature.
Authors: Mukhtar-yola M , Audu LI , Otuneye AT , Mairami AB , Otubelu EC , Kefas JG , Hamza N
Published: May 2021

Hypomelanosis of Ito (HI) though said to be the third most common neurocutaneus disorder, is rarely reported in paediatric practice in Africa. A high index of suspicion must be maintained in children with cutaneous lesions as a seizure may be the first symptom that may bring the child to attention. A case of HI in a neonate is hereby reported to sensitize clinicians about this relatively uncommon disorder
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency; the single most important cause of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Farouk ZL , Ibrahim M , Ogala WN
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Glucose- 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is the most common enzymatic disorder of the red cell and an important risk factor for neonatal jaundice.Methodology: The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of G-6-PD deficiency among jaundiced neonates, and describe the associated morbidity and mortality pattern in them. A prospective cross sectional study was conducted and we studied one hundred consecutive jaundiced neonates (55 males, 45 females) presenting at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital from between 2004 and August 2005. G-6-PD activity was assayed by Quantitative spectrophotometric method of Kornberg; serum bilirubin and haemoglobin levels were estimated by standard techniques. Exposure to possible Icterogenic agents, clinical features of kernicterus and the outcome were noted.Results: The incidence of G-6-PD deficiency was found to be 46% with male to female ratio of 3:1 (Χ2 = 15, p = 0.001). A higher proportion (60.6%) of the inborn neonates had G-6-PD deficiency (X2 = 5.5, p = 0.06). Jaundice was noticed significantly earlier in the G-6-PD deficient neonates (mean = 2.0, SD = 1 days) compared to (mean = 2.7, SD = 1.6 days) in the sufficient neonates (t = 2.3, p = 0.02). Sixteen (16%) neonates developed kernicterus, of these 10 (63%) were G-6-PD deficient. The mortality rate among G-6-PD deficient neonates was 15% (7 of 46) twice as much as in the sufficient neonates 7% (4 of 54). Only six neonates 0.6% ware exposed to naphthalene of whom three were G -6PD deficient. Five babies were given traditional medicine two of which were G6-PD deficient.Conclusion: G-6-PD deficiency is an important risk factor for neonatal jaundice. Jaundice appeared early in the deficient neonates. There is high incidence of kernicterus and mortality among them. Low admission weight significantly contributed to the mortality.Key Words: G-6-PD deficiency; Neonatal Jaundice; Kernicterus
Prevalence of exchange blood transfusion in severe hyperbilirubinaemia and outcome at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Pius S , Bello M , Mava Y , Djossi S , Ambe JP
Published: May 2021

Background: Exchange blood transfusion (EBT) is carried out for the treatment of conditions presenting with severe hyperbilirubinaemia and anaemia, such as ABO incompatibility, sepsis, prematurity and birth trauma among others. While it is fast being abandoned as treatment modality for severe neonatal jaundice in the resource rich countries, it is still a backbone of treatment for severe neonatal jaundice in resource limited settings. Since such a study has not been done in this centre before now, we decided to study the positive effects of exchange blood transfusion in Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria.Objective: To determine the prevalence, indications and outcome of exchange blood transfusion at the Special Care Baby Unit of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri.Methods: This is a retrospective study which examined the records of babies admitted into the SCBU between 1st January to December 31st 2014 with the aim of determining the prevalence of EBT at the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH), Maiduguri.The indications for EBT and mortality among babies who had EBT are also highlighted.Results: A total of 639 babies with gestational ages between 30weeks to 42weeks were admitted into the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) over the period of 12 months. Of this number, 64 (10%) had neonatal jaundice. Thirty (46.9%) of the 64 neonates with NNJ had EBT, their pre- EBT, serum bilirubin (SB) level ranged from 15mg/dL to 28.5mg/ dL with mean of 21.5 ±13.0mg/dL, while the post EBT SB ranged from 3.0mg/dL to 11.3mg/dl with mean of 7.2±8.3mg/dL. The aetiological risk factors of severe hyperbilirubinaemia in the newborns who had EBT include ABO incompatibility 17(56.7%), sepsis 12 (40.0%), prematurity 10(33.3%). Out of 30 neonates had EBT, 25 (83.3%) survived and were discharged, 5(16.7%) died and 3 with bilirubin encephalopathy,1with severe perinatal asphyxia with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy stage II while the fifth death was a preterm extreme low birth weight.Conclusion: In our setting, the prevalence of exchange blood transfusion is high and this is because a large number of our patients had severe NNJ at presentation, some with bilirubin encephalopathy. Exchange blood transfusion remains one of the most reliable and effective treatment modality to prevent bilirubin encephalopathy especially in settings where babies are brought late to health facility. Effort at health education of the population at risk, especially pregnant women on early recognition and referral to appropriate health facility for prompt treatment to prevent severe NNJ and bilirubin encephalopathy is highlighted.
Staphylococcal septicaemia complicated with purulent pericarditis in an infant: A case report
Authors: Oloyede IP , Essien PU
Published: May 2021

Purulent pericarditis is a rare complication of sepsis. It is almost exclusively a complication from an underlying condition rather than a primary infection. Staphylococcus aureus is the commonest aetiologic agent. Its diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion especially in the presence of persistent fever and signs of cardiac tamponade in spite of appropriate antibiotic use. A case of purulent pericarditis in an infant is here presented to illustrate the importance of a high index of suspicion and simple investigations in its diagnosis in resource limited practice. In addition, the importance of prompt treatment with drainage of the abscess and use of appropriate antibiotics to achieve a good prognosis is shown.Key words: Staphylococcus, Purulent pericarditis
Periodic paralysis with generalized epilepsy in a Nigerian child: A case report
Authors: Imoudu IA
Published: May 2021

The periodic paralyses are a rare group of muscle channel opathies characterized by intermittent attacks of episodic muscle weakness of variable duration. Typically, symptoms begin in the first or second decade of life. This case describes a 13 year-old girl with generalized epilepsy who presented with a 9- year history of recurrent attacks of inability to walk. Attacks which occurred at a frequency of 2-3 times a year with spontaneous resolution were often triggered by exposure to cold, strenuous exercise and occasionally by convulsions. At presentation, the index episode had been on -going for 2 days. Management of the acute paralytic episode and prophylaxis were accomplished with oral acetazolamide administration. This report underscores the ease with which effective prevention of paralytic episodes in periodic paralyses could be achieved in a resourcepoorsetting.Keywords: Periodic paralyses, Channelopathies, Epilepsy, Acetazolamide, Nigerian, Child.
Gestational age-related neonatal survival at a tertiary health institution in Nigeria: The age of fetal viability dilemma
Authors: Audu L.I. , Otuneye AT , Mairami A.B. , Mukhtar-Yola M. , Mshelia L.J. , Ekhaguere O.A.
Published: May 2021

Background: Although the official age of fetal viability in Nigeria is 28 weeks, there are pockets of reports some anecdotal, of survival of babies  delivered at younger gestational age (GA) from different parts of the country. The routine resuscitation and management of premature infants born before the official age of fetal viability (28 weeks) is likely to generate important ethical and medical concerns that are bound to influence our  approach to the management of such infants.
Aim: To determine the GAspecific neonatal mortality and survival among preterm deliveries at the National Hospital Abuja.
Subjects and Methods: A retrospective review of relevant data from the National Hospital Neonatal Registry Database based on the Research Electronic Data Capture software (REDCap) was undertaken to determine the mortality rate of preterm babies managed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from January 2017 to February 2018. Disaggregated GA specific mortality rates were also computed to determine the fetal age at which extra uterine neonatal survival rate was at least 50%. Gestational age estimation was based on mothers’ last menstrual period (LMP) in over  96% of cases.Results: Sixty-three (63) of 305 preterm babies admitted died during hospitalization giving a mortality rate of 20.7%. This was significantly higher than the mortality rate among term babies (7.5%, P=0.01) hospitalized over the same period. Antenatal corticosteroid use was low (11.2%), 188  (25.8%) received CPAP for Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), and none of the babies received surfactant or mechanical ventilation. There were no survivors among babies delivered at GA of 22-25 weeks (11, 3.6%). However, the survival rate at 26 weeks gestation was 53.8%, and this  subsequently increased, reaching a peak of 96.5% survival at 35 weeks. RDS accounted for 53.9% of all deaths.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the survival rate (53.8%) of babies at GA of 26 weeks despite minimal antenatal interventions and limited postnatal  respiratory support was reasonably high, and this could serve the basis for discussions for a downward review of the age of fetal viability in Nigeria.
Key words: Gestational age. Fetal viability
Cardiovascular determinants of renal dysfunction among children and adolescents in South West Nigeria
Authors: Akinbodewa A.A. , Adejumo O.A. , Ogunleye A. , Oluwafemi T.T. , Lamidi O.A.
Published: May 2021

Background: New evidences reveal significant association of cardiovascular risk factors to development of chronic kidney disease among children and adolescents but there is paucity of data from Africa.
Objectives: We examined the association of cardiovascular risk factors to renal dysfunction among Nigerian pediatric subjects.
Materials and method: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study of pediatrics aged 2 to 17 years. Blood pressure, body mass index, serum lipids and creatinine were determined. Their glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the revised Schwartz equation. Data was analyzed with SPSS 20. Test of association was by Chi square at P <0.05.
Results: We studied 114 children and adolescents. There were 55 (48.2%) males and 59 (51.8%) females with mean age of 8.99±4.26 years. There were 68 (53.5%) children and 53 adolescents (46.5%). Four (3.5%) subjects had proteinuria ≥1+. Renal dysfunction (eGFR <60ml/ min/1.73m2) was found among 9 (7.9%) participants. Renal dysfunction was higher among children than adolescents (13.1% v 1.9%) (p = 0.027). The presence and clustering of risk factors were higher among subjects with renal dysfunction (p value 0.466, 95% CI 0.19-28.3). Low HDL-c (44.4%), prehypertension(22.2%) and overweight (22.2%) were the most prevalent risk factors among those with renal dysfunction. Only age demonstrated relationship to renal dysfunction in terms of mean difference (p value 0.007, 95% CI, 1.125-6.818).
Conclusions: The prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors is higher among children with renal dysfunction. Age showed association  to renal dysfunction. Dyslipidemia and high body mass have propensity to influence the development of pediatric CKD.
Keywords: Cardiovascular risk factors, renal dysfunction, association, pediatrics, Nigeria, Africa.
Comparing neonatal outcomes in women with preeclampsia and those with normal pregnancy
Authors: Yilgwan C.S. , Pam V.C. , Yilgwan G. , Ige O.O. , Golit W.N. , Anzaku S. , Sagay A.S. , Bode-Thomas F. , Laima C. , Simon M. , Zoakah A.
Published: May 2021

Background: Preeclampsia has remained an important public health problem in the developing world where it is associated with a five-fold increase in perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Objective: We set out to compare neonatal outcomes between women with preeclampsia and those with normal pregnancy. We also sought to evaluate factors associated with poor outcome in the neonates.
Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study that enrolled 90 women (45 with preeclampsia and 45 with normal pregnancy) after 20 weeks gestation. Maternal socio-demographic and clinical information was obtained at enrolment and delivery using questionnaire. Neonatalanthropometric and physiologic data was obtained at delivery and used for classifying the birth weight according to the WHO classification. APGAR score was used to evaluate the presence of birth asphyxia. We defined poor outcome as the presence of at least one of low birth weight,  prematurity, birth asphyxia and need for admission. SPSS version 25 was used in all analysis. Significance testing was set at p=0.05.
Results: The women with preeclampsia were significantly heavier at booking (BMI 29.0±6.9 Kg/ m2 vs 25.0±5.2. p=0.005), have higher mean booking systolic blood pressure (122.±22.6 mmHg vs 111.5±12.7mmHg, p=0.003) and diastolic blood pressure ( 7 9 . 8 ± 1 4 . 3mm Hgvs 68.8±9.0mmHg, p<0.001). Neonates of women with preeclampsia were significantly more premature ( meangestational age = 36 . 8 ± 3 . 2 week svs 38.7±2.0weeks, p=0.001) and lighter (mean birth weight =2,529±817.5g vs 3,079.2±527.4g, p<0.001). Overall, 22 (49.4%) of the neonates of women with preeclampsiahad significantly poor outcome compared with 12(27.4%) of the neonates of women with normal pregnancy (p=0.01). Univariate logistic analysis showed only being a male neonate, maternal preeclampsia and admission in index pregnancy were significantly associated with poor outcome.  Multivariable logistic regression showed only being a male neonate to be 3 times more likely to have a poor outcome (Wald=5.34. OR=3.2, p=0.02)
Conclusions: Intrauterine exposure to preeclampsia is associated with poor neonatal outcomes especially in males
Key words: infant outcome, preeclampsia, Nigeria
Probable horizontal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in an asymptomatic neonate: A case report
Authors: Ibhanesebhor S.E. , Manjunatha C.M.
Published: May 2021

Horizontal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is the more likely mode of transmission in this neonate rather than vertical transmission. Neonates are more  likely to be asymptomatic carriers of SARSCoV- 2 therefore health care workers should observe strict infection control practices, like hand hygiene and use of PPE (including face shield) during all clinical encounters. Parents may not provide a history suggestive of COVID-19 clinical symptoms in the family members, unless specifically asked for. We report a case of SARS-CoV-2 in an asymptomatic neonate who presented to the outpatient  clinic of a private multispecialty hospital for routine follow up. The hospital caters for approximately 5000 deliveries per year with pediatric inpatient and outpatient facilities, neonatal intensive care unit with facilities for advanced respiratory support, therapeutic cooling, with supporting radiology and full laboratory services.
Accidental childhood poisoning in Paediatrics department of a tertiary care facility: A retrospective review
Authors: Obu D.C. , Orji M.C. , Muoneke U.V. , Asiegbu U.V. , Ezegbe G.O.
Published: May 2021

Background: Accidental childhood poisoning is a recognized preventable cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. This studywas aimed at determining the prevalence, pattern, and outcome of childhood poisoning among children in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State.
Material and Methods: Medical records of all cases of accidental childhood poisoning admitted into Children’s emergency room (CHER) of the health facility of study between January 2014 and December 2018 were retrospectively identified and relevant data extracted and analyzed usingSPSS version 22.
Results: Out of the 7,700 children that presented to CHER over a 5- year period, 42 were cases of poisoning, giving prevalence rate of 0.5%. Of the 42 cases, only 20 case notes were retrieved. The male to female ratio was 2.3:1 while the ages ranged between 6months and 14 years with the mean age of 3.06±2.88. Kerosene poisoning had the highest proportion of 50.0% (10/20) with the overall mortality rate of 5.0% (1/20).The relationship between age, place of residence and outcome in poisoned children was statistically significant (p = 0.038, 0.045 respectively).
Conclusion: Accidental childhood poisoning is common in Abakaliki. Kerosene still remained the major agent while male toddlers were most  vulnerable. There is need to intensify enlightenment campaigns and education of the public about the hazard of improper storage of kerosene and other implicated substances at home.
Keywords: Accidental poisoning, Childhood, Kerosene
Prevalence and factors associated with non-adherence to antiepileptic drugs among children with epilepsy in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Ejeliogu E.U. , Courage A.
Published: May 2021

Background: Childhood epilepsy causes a tremendous burden for the child, the family, society as well as the healthcare system. Adherence toantiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is key to treatment success, one of the main causes of unsuccessful treatment for epilepsy is poor adherence to medications. Nonadherence in children with epilepsy presents a potential ongoing challenge for achieving a key therapeutic goal of seizure control.Aim: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with nonadherence to AEDs among children with epilepsy at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.Methodology: This cross sectional study was done to assess the prevalence and factors associated with non-adherence to AEDs among children with epilepsy from November 2019 to February 2020. A structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant information on the adherence of studysubjects to AEDs based on self/ caregiver report. Part of the questionnaire was derived from Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8).Results: One hundred and ninety four subjects were recruited for the study. The prevalence of nonadherence to AEDs was 44.8%. Factors significantly associated with non-adherence were low socioeconomic status, multiple drug therapy and long duration of treatment. The main reasons for nonadherence were financial constraint, forgetfulness, lack of improvement and medication side effects.Conclusion: Non-adherence to medication is common among children with epilepsy and it hampers the key therapeutic goal of seizure control. Improving per capita income of families, providing universal health insurance, medication reminders and appropriate education/counseling will reduce non-adherence and improve the long term outcome of childhood epilepsy in our region.
Key words: Epilepsy, Children, Ant i -epilept ic drugs, Nonadherence, Prevalence, Associated factors, Jos, Nigeria.
Paediatricians and trainee paediatricians perspectives on industrial action by medical doctors in Nigeria
Authors: Okechukwu C. , Briggs D.C.
Published: May 2021

Background: Industrial actions have become a common means by which medical doctors attempt to communicate their grievances to the  government. Paediatricians are frequently caught between a desire to support the course of their professional association and caring for their patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the opinion of paediatricians and trainee paediatricians regarding strike actions, the likely cause(s) and their reasons for and against industrial actions as a means for communicating grievances to the government.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using self-administered questionnaires randomly distributed to consenting participants at the 48thAnnual Scientific Conference of the Paediatric Association of Nigeria. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20.Results: A total of 102 respondents from the 6 geopolitical zones in Nigeria returned appropriately filled forms. Fifty-seven (55.9%) were females, 91 (81.2%) were married, 72 (70.6%) were Christians and 49 (48%) were Consultant paediatricians. Poor remuneration (36%), poor working conditions(24.3%) and failure of the government to keep promises to doctors (19.9%) were the top three reasons given for the incessant industrial actions in the recent past. Forty-nine percent of respondents did not support industrial actions, 65% responded that strikes affect the quality of training and practice and (84.3%) volunteer their services during a strike.Conclusions: Industrial actions are not the paediatricians’ preferred means of communicating grievances. Other methods should, therefore, be explored to limit the deleterious effects of industrial actions.
Keywords: Paediatrician, Nigeria, industrial action, strike, medical doctors, trainee
The Analysis Critical-Thinking Skills of Junior High School Students on Geoscience
Authors: Anggraeni Rusmia Putri  , Eko Hariyono  , Erman
Published: May 2021

This research aims to analyze the critical-thinking skill of the junior high school student in Mojokerto. This research describes students geoscience conception by using question instruments related to students' critical-thinking skills. The method that used in this research was pre-experimental design with one-shot case study design and descriptive quantitative approach. The test is done online via google form. The question instrument contains 20 questions related to geoscience concept, disasters, and mitigation materials that have been validated by a validator. This research involved 107 students who were on the 7th grade of junior high school in Mojokerto. The results showed that the analysis related to geoscience knowledge of students got an average of 48.79% which was included as very low category, while the critical-thinking skills got 43% on the interpretation indicator, 52% analysis, 79% evaluation, 40% inferential, explanation. 54%, and self regulation 40% with an average critical-thinking skills of 51% which concluded in the very low category. These critical-thinking skills must be built, especially in geoscience conceptl. The accuracy of the analysis of critical-thinking skills in this research only shows the results in the Mojokerto area.
Analysis of Junior High School Students Creative Thinking Skills in Distance Learning
Authors: Nisa Auliyah  , Elok Sudibyo  , Munasir
Published: May 2021

Purpose of this study is to analyze the creative thinking skills of junior high school students in physics in distance learning. This study describes students' creative thinking skills in physics using question instruments related to creative thinking. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative method. The test is conducted online via google form. The instrument contains eight questions related to the physical matter of substance pressure and its application in everyday life. The subjects of this study were 32 students of VIII Junior High School in Gresik. The results showed that the analysis related to students creative thinking ability in physics obtained an average of 51.5% which was included in the creative enough category. On the fluency indicator it was 37% with the less creative category, 58% on the flexible thinking indicator (Flexibility). with the creative enough category, 64% on the original thinking indicator (Originality) with the creative category, 53% on the detailed thinking indicator (Elaboration) with the creative enough category and 43% on the metaphorical thinking indicator (metaphorical thinking) with the creative enough category. From these results it can be concluded that the creative thinking skills of student’s physics in distance learning are still in the sufficient category so that it needs to be improved especially in distance learning at this time, so that alternatives are needed in learning that is suitable for distance learning. Creative thinking skills are one of the important skills to be trained in the 21st century today.
An Investigation of School Improvement Recognition Towards Madrasah’s Teachers in East Java
Authors: Ali Mustofa  , Mukhlas Samani  , Soedjarwo
Published: May 2021

This study aimed at investigating the relationship between school improvement and demographic variables such as age, gender, length of teaching, teacher’s employment status and educational background. Involving 400 participants of Madrasah Tsanawiyah’s (Islamic junior high schools) teachers in East Java and using school improvement scale, this study found that the higher teacher’s educational qualification is, the better the performance shown, which subsequently had consequences for school improvement in assisting students’ achievement. Likewise, the length of teaching and teachers’ employment status were found bringing influence on school improvement although their correlation directions vary. Meanwhile, gender and age are not related to school improvement. This study suggested teachers’ professional development to enable assistance for students’ success and eventually lead to school improvement.