bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atomic-Scale Tracking of Topological Defect Motion and Incommensurate Charge Order Melting
Authors: Schnitzer Noah , Goodge Berit H. , Powers Gregory , Kim Jaewook , Cheong Sang-Wook , El Baggari Ismail , Kourkoutis Lena F.
Published: January 2025

Charge order pervades the phase diagrams of quantum materials where it competes with superconducting and magnetic phases, hosts electronic phase transitions and topological defects, and couples to the lattice generating intricate structural distortions. Incommensurate charge order is readily stabilized in manganese oxides, where it is associated with anomalous electronic and magnetic properties, but its nanoscale structural inhomogeneity complicates precise characterization and understanding of its relationship with competing phases. Leveraging atomic-resolution variable-temperature cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy, we characterize the thermal evolution of charge order as it transforms from its ground state in a model manganite system. We find that mobile networks of discommensurations and dislocations generate phase inhomogeneity and induce global incommensurability in an otherwise lattice-locked modulation. Driving the order to melt at high temperatures, the discommensuration density grows, and regions of order locally decouple from the lattice periodicity.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Mediating role of attitudes toward nutrigenomics in the relationship between genetics knowledge and perceptions toward nutrigenomics among health science students
Authors: Ng Yie Enn , Tan Seok Tyug , Tan Seok Shin , Hariyono Hariyono , Tsai Meng Che , Tan Chin Xuan
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the association between genetics knowledge and perceptions toward nutrigenomics and to examine whether this relationship was mediated by attitudes toward nutrigenomics.

Design/methodology/approach

An online cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire comprised of four sections: sociodemographic information, genetics knowledge, attitudes toward nutrigenomics and perceptions toward nutrigenomics. A total of 423 health science students participated in this study.

Findings

Students enrolled in dietetics and biomedical science programs possessed significantly higher (p < 0.05) genetic knowledge compared to Chinese medicine students. Additionally, students in their second and third years of study exhibited significantly greater (p < 0.05) genetic knowledge than first-year students. Genetics knowledge was found to be positively associated (p < 0.05) with attitudes and perceptions toward nutrigenomics. Attitudes toward nutrigenomics partially mediated the relationship between genetics knowledge and perceptions toward nutrigenomics.

Practical implications

This study underscores the need for a well-rounded and progressively structured genetics curriculum across all health science programs. Enhancing genetics knowledge could potentially serve as a strategy to improve attitudes and perceptions toward nutrigenomics.

Originality/value

Nutrigenomics is an evolving field that forms a junction between diet, genomics and health. Health science students are the future health-care professionals, and their current attitudes and perceptions toward nutrigenomics are crucial for predicting its applications in the future. This study contributes novel insights by revealing that attitudes toward nutrigenomics serve as a partial mediator in the association between genetics knowledge and perceptions toward nutrigenomics.
School health promotion: a professional practice in an institutional context
Authors: Elsayed Hadil
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to explore school health promotion (HP) as a set of institutionally embedded professional practices.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a qualitative study using data from nineteen interviews with school professionals in Sweden. Data analysis was informed by practice theory and an institutional logic perspective.

Findings

School professionals constructed practical understandings of HP at the intersection between institutional directives and professional values. Professionals were challenged by multiple and occasionally ambiguous policy directives as well as by multiple tiers of governance. Professional understandings of institutional directives were mediated by a bureaucratic logic and three instantiations of a professional logic (competence, pragmatic and entrepreneurial). School leadership was perceived as a crucial link between institutional directives and professional practices.

Practical implications

The findings draw attention to the need for policy revision and disambiguation as well as the need for establishing dynamic institutional dialogues across levels of governance. These measures can foster sage leadership and fruitful interprofessional collaboration within school HP.

Originality/value

The findings provide a multi-perspective view of school HP and link professional values to institutional ones. The study sheds light on the explanatory relevance of human cognition in practice contexts.
The role of the second non-vanishing terms in the material failure curve on APL 5L steel
Authors: Mouna Amara , Khedim Fatima Zahra , Didouh Hadjer , Tati Hayet , Sidamar Lamsadfa , Hadj Meliani Mohammed , Suleiman Rami K.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

It is now well-known in the fracture-mechanics community that a single fracture parameter alone may not be adequate to describe crack-tip condition. To address this problem, there has been a recent surge of interest in crack-growth behaviour under conditions of low crack-tip stress triaxiality. This paper exploited the K-A3 crack approach, which was derived from a rigorous asymptotic solution and has been developed for a two-parameter fracture.

Design/methodology/approach

The material failure curve or master curve, has been established as a result of the notched specimen tests. It was shown that the notch fracture toughness is a linear decreasing function of the stress. The use of the material failure curve to predict fracture conditions was demonstrated on gas pipes with the longitudinal surface notch.

Findings

No finding.

Originality/value

This approach requires that the constraint in the test specimen approximate that of the structure to provide an “effective” toughness for use in a structural integrity assessment. The appropriate constraint is achieved by matching thickness and crack depth between the specimen and structure.
Strengthening Lebanese health care: exploring the impact of organizational culture on employee loyalty through trust and job satisfaction
Authors: Chaanine Johnny
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to examine the relationships between organizational culture, employee loyalty, trust and job satisfaction within the Lebanese health-care sector. It addresses the critical need to improve employee retention and organizational performance in a context marked by economic instability and political uncertainty. By analyzing data from 270 health-care professionals, the study aims to explore how different aspects of organizational culture – such as transparency, supportiveness and ethical leadership – affect employee trust and satisfaction. These factors, in turn, play a significant role in enhancing employee loyalty, which is crucial for reducing turnover and ensuring the stability of health-care services.

Design/methodology/approach

The research used a quantitative methodology, gathering data from 270 health-care professionals across various private health-care institutions in Lebanon. A structured survey was used, and responses were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the proposed hypotheses. The SEM approach was chosen for its ability to evaluate both measurement and structural models, ensuring robust validation of the theoretical framework. Partial least squares (PLS-SEM) was specifically applied, given its suitability for smaller sample sizes and complex models. After screening and cleaning the data, the final sample size was 270, ensuring a representative and accurate analysis.

Findings

The research findings reveal that a strong organizational culture significantly enhances employee loyalty, mediated by higher levels of trust and job satisfaction. Cultures characterized by transparency, supportiveness and ethical leadership are shown to build trust among employees, which directly contributes to greater job satisfaction. This satisfaction, in turn, plays a crucial role in strengthening employee loyalty, helping to reduce turnover rates and maintain organizational stability. The study underscores the importance of fostering a positive corporate culture as a strategic tool in health-care settings, particularly in challenging environments like Lebanon, to improve both employee engagement and overall performance.

Originality/value

This study offers originality by focusing on the underexplored Lebanese health-care sector, particularly in the context of organizational culture’s impact on employee loyalty, trust and job satisfaction. While much research has been conducted in more stable economies, this study addresses the unique socio-economic challenges faced by health-care institutions in Lebanon, including political instability and economic volatility. By using SEM, the research provides new insights into the critical role of transparent, supportive and ethically driven organizational cultures in enhancing employee engagement and retention. These findings offer both theoretical contributions and practical applications for similar sectors globally.
Exploring itch in hidradenitis suppurativa with lessons from atopic dermatitis and psoriasis
Authors: Trupiano Nicole , Young Kelly , Echuri Harika , Maghfour Jalal , Orenstein Lauren A. V. , Hamzavi Iltefat
Published: January 2025

Itch is a prominent symptom in many cutaneous disorders, including atopic dermatitis (AD), prurigo nodularis, and psoriasis. Itch is also a common but overlooked concern in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Currently, the mechanisms underlying itch in HS remain unclear. To gain a better understanding, we reviewed the literature on pruritus in HS and other itch‐predominant disorders, AD, and psoriasis. In HS, psoriasis, and AD, we found that itch often co‐localized with pain and occurred more frequently at night. Furthermore, itch was found to negatively affect sleep and increase the risk for comorbid psychiatric disorders in HS, psoriasis, and AD. However, HS‐, psoriasis‐, and AD‐related itch differ in temporality. Itch in AD is often described as chronic, while itch in HS and psoriasis is often described as episodic. HS‐associated itch is likely multifactorial, and several mechanisms have been proposed including peripheral sensitization, central sensitization, and neuroinflammation. Prior studies in HS highlight enhanced IgE production and a dense infiltration of mast cells, along with a variety of cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, alterations in the skin microbiome may contribute to itch in HS. To date, few therapies have been studied to treat itch in HS. Given the efficacy of several biologics and small molecules in treating itch in AD and psoriasis, similar agents may be explored in future HS studies. Alternative therapies to target neurological and psychiatric contributions to itch may include anticonvulsants, cannabinoids, and nonpharmacological treatments. In conclusion, pathomechanisms of itch in HS remain to be fully elucidated. However, we can draw on lessons from other pruritic disorders to begin addressing the symptom of it and identify important questions for future study.
Diagnostic Markers of Severe COVID‐19 and Community‐Acquired Pneumonia in Children From Southern India
Authors: Damodar Tina , Lodha Lonika , Suran Sourabh , Prabhu Namratha , Jose Maria , Kinhal Uddhav , Basavaraja G. V. , Gowda Vykuntaraju K. , Mani Reeta S.
Published: January 2025

COVID‐19 severely impacts children in India, with many developing severe pneumonia or multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS‐C). Concurrently, non‐COVID‐19 respiratory viruses causing community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) have resurged. These conditions present similarly, challenging accurate diagnosis. This study aims to compare inflammatory markers and clinical parameters in children with severe COVID‐19 pneumonia, non‐COVID‐19 CAP, and COVID‐associated MIS‐C. We assessed 12 mediators in serum from 14 children with severe COVID‐19 pneumonia, 16 with severe non‐COVID‐19 CAP, and 9 with MIS‐C. Clinical characteristics and routine laboratory findings at admission were recorded. Children with MIS‐C had significantly higher levels of IL‐1RA, IL‐8, and TNF compared with those with severe COVID‐19 pneumonia; and higher levels of CCL2, HGF, M‐CSF, and IL‐8 compared with severe non‐COVID‐19 CAP. GROα levels tended to be higher in severe COVID‐19 pneumonia. Clinical presentations were similar, but MIS‐C patients had distinct laboratory findings, including lower platelet counts and albumin levels, and higher creatinine and liver enzyme levels. MIS‐C exhibited a unique inflammatory profile. IL‐8 emerged as a potential biomarker for MIS‐C, while increased GROα levels in severe COVID‐19 pneumonia merit further exploration. Combining inflammatory markers with routine laboratory parameters may improve the diagnosis and differentiation of these conditions, enhancing patient management.
Cost‐effectiveness of plasmapheresis and hemoperfusion in COVID‐19 survivors: A six‐month follow‐up analysis after hospital discharge
Authors: Dianaty Soroush , Gholami Farshid , Gholamrezaie Hamid Reza , Mirzaei Abasat
Published: January 2025

Introduction

To evaluate the short‐ and long‐term clinical and financial outcomes of apheresis in COVID‐19 survivors after hospital discharge.

Methods

Intensive care unit‐discharged patients were followed for 6 months. Vital signs, laboratory markers, quality of life, and direct medical costs were analyzed to calculate incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICER) and to plot cost‐effectiveness planes and acceptability curves.

Results

A total of 68 patients (45 control, 18 plasmapheresis, and 5 hemoperfusion) were included. ICERs for plasmapheresis and hemoperfusion patients at discharge were $867.58 and $198.89 per quality‐adjusted life years (QALY) gained, respectively. Respiration and blood pressure improved significantly at discharge. The improvements in oxygenation markers for plasmapheresis and hemoperfusion groups were lower than controls (8.56 ± 10.31 and 11.75 ± 16.88 vs. 11.37 ± 7.28 percent for SpO2, 11.15 ± 21.15 and 11.05 ± 24.95 vs. 16.03 ± 5.61 mm Hg for PaO2, respectively) However, the respiratory rate improvements corresponded to ICERs of $1034.77 and $269.94 for plasmapheresis and hemoperfusion, respectively. The ICERs for increasing mean arterial pressure were $24.83 and $30.94 per mm Hg, and plasmapheresis was more cost‐effective than hemoperfusion in increasing serum calcium levels ($1649.35 per mg/dL). At 1‐month post‐discharge, both treatments showed worse outcomes compared to controls. At 6 months, the plasmapheresis ICER ($1884.95) exceeded the willingness‐to‐pay threshold. The ICER for plasmapheresis at 6 months was $112.83 per rehospitalization day avoided, while hemoperfusion remained less effective than controls.

Conclusion

While plasmapheresis and hemoperfusion improved some clinical outcomes, their high costs and limited long‐term cost‐effectiveness suggest that these interventions may not be economically justified for treating COVID‐19 patients. Careful evaluation is needed when considering their use in clinical practice.
Single‐egg comet assay: A protocol to quantify DNA damage in natural bioarchives
Authors: Salimraj Rejin , Perotti Alessio , Wojewodzic Marcin W. , Frisch Dagmar
Published: January 2025

The comet assay (CA), originally developed as toxicity test, quantifies DNA integrity from DNA distribution across an electric field. Compromised DNA moves across electric fields faster than intact DNA strands, leaving quantifiable signatures that resemble comet tails. Comet tail dimensions reflect relative DNA damage.

We optimised the CA protocol for individual dormant propagules (single‐egg comet assay or SE‐CA) to inform downstream analyses such as DNA sequencing of the DNA quality contained in natural genetic archives of past populations. As a model, we used dormant eggs of the microcrustacean Daphnia.

We evaluated the feasibility of the SE‐CA protocol to quantify DNA damage caused by processing and storage conditions for dormant eggs and in dormant eggs retrieved from recently deposited to centuries‐old lake sediment.

In conclusion, our protocol provides a cost‐effective method of assessing DNA damage in sedimentary propagules such as dormant Daphnia eggs. More generally, the SE‐CA is applicable to testing DNA integrity in individual propagules prior to genome sequencing or to quantify environmental impacts on natural sedimentary biobanks.
Applied Mandibular Osteometry in Young Lambs: Morphometric and Clinical Insights
Authors: de Lana Julyana Fernandes , Lopes Carolina Figueiredo , Pereira Vitor Pires , Chiarello Guilherme Pereira , Depedrini Jurema Salerno , Pérez William , de Morais‐Pinto Luciano
Published: January 2025

Osteometric studies of the mandible are useful for identifying polymorphisms that are affected by general factors of anatomical variation, such as breed and gender, but age‐related changes have not yet been reported in sheep. Our results showed that the morphometric parameters of the mandible were significantly affected by the age of the lambs. However, at 155 days of age, the mandible already presents all the morphological characteristics observed in adult animals. Furthermore, this study revealed, by analysing Person's correlation coefficient, that the position of the mental and mandibular foramen is already established at 155 days of age and will not be affected by the proportional growth of the mandible. These data have direct implications for veterinary practice, as they can increase the precision and effectiveness of clinical and anaesthetic procedures on the mandible. This contributes to maintaining the health and well‐being of animals, improving productive performance in farming systems.
An Overlooked Early Report of Chimpanzees Using Tools to Forage for Oysters
Authors: Tye Alan , Jones Adam
Published: January 2025

We report a record made in 1682, in Sierra Leone, West Africa, of local people showing a European visitor evidence of ‘apes’ using sticks to obtain oysters as food. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the observation can only refer to the western chimpanzee Pan troglodytes verus and the West African mangrove oyster Crassostrea tulipa. This appears to be the only known record of wild chimpanzees eating marine bivalves, and of using tools to obtain any aquatic animal prey.
Clinical Trial: Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of the Alpha‐2‐Delta Ligand PD‐217,014 in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Houghton Lesley A. , Gao Simiao , Gilbert Steven A. , Coffin Benoit , Simren Magnus , Gale Jeremy D. ,   the A4451007 study investigators
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Despite the emergence of drugs to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), improving abdominal pain can still be challenging. α2δ ligands, such as gabapentin and pregabalin, are sometimes used off‐label to tackle this problem. However, evidence for efficacy is limited, and no large‐scale studies have been published.

Aim

To study the efficacy of the α2δ ligand PD‐217,014 in IBS.

Methods

This multi‐centre, double‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled, parallel group study randomised participants with Rome II‐defined IBS to 150 or 300 mg b.d. of PD‐217,014 or placebo b.d. for 4 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was responder, defined as having adequate relief of abdominal pain/discomfort for ≥ 50% of the active treatment period. Key secondary endpoints were change from baseline in abdominal pain, bloating, stool frequency/consistency, and global assessment of IBS symptoms.

Results

We randomised 330 participants [aged 19–73 years; 209 (65%) female] satisfying Rome II criteria, 322 (98%) were treated, and of whom 271 (84%) completed the study. In this study, 321 satisfied Rome IV criteria. Neither dose of PD‐217,014 improved the percentage of participants reporting adequate relief of abdominal pain/discomfort compared with placebo, either using the Rome II‐defined total cohort or Rome II and IV IBS bowel habit sub‐types. There were similar observations for secondary endpoints, and no association between abdominal pain or anxiety levels at baseline with participant improvement. PD‐217,014 was generally well tolerated.

Conclusion

This first large, dose‐ranging trial examining the efficacy of PD‐217,014 showed no significant efficacy in participants with IBS or bowel habit sub‐types, irrespective of their pain and anxiety levels.
From Participation to Presence—What Young People Have to Say About Family Group Conferences
Authors: Mischel Netanya , Shemer Orna
Published: January 2025

Family Group Conferences (FGCs) is a model for promoting child welfare created to help families in managing concerns related to at‐risk children, while respecting cultural contexts, and does so by integrally involving them and their families in solution creation and implementation. This study examines the experiences of 18 at‐risk youths in Israel's FGC pilot programme and is part of a larger scale study of the Israeli FGC pilot programme. Thematic analysis identified six key themes related to the perceived success of the conference. The first three—receiving pre‐conference information, FGC structure and setting, and perceived support, underscore the importance of implementing the FGC model effectively. The remaining three themes—participants' and their families' characteristics, perceived consequences of participation, and family dynamics, focus on the young people involved. This study emphasizes the importance of both participation and presence among young people, and their equal significance in fostering the undertaking of active roles in FGC. This study found that execution matters, as does calibrating the FGC to the unique characteristics of the at‐risk young people and their family in order to promote their participation and presence. This research uniquely amplifies young peoples' voices in FGC in Israel and underscores the necessity of considering both participation and presence in programme design for at‐risk youth.
Missing women in colonial India
Authors: Fenske James , Gupta Bishnupriya , Neumann Cora
Published: January 2025

We construct novel data on female population shares by age, district, and religion in South Asia from 1881 to 1931. Sex ratios skew male in Northern India and are more balanced in Southern and Eastern India, including Burma. Male‐biased sex ratios emerge most visibly after age 10, and this is not specific to any one region, religion, or time period. Sikhs have the most male‐biased sex ratios, followed by Hindus, Muslims, and Jains. The female share correlates across religious groups within districts. Evidence that sex ratios correlate with suitability for wheat and rice is weaker than suggested by the existing literature.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Inter‐Pulse Interval Does Not Influence Corticospinal Excitability to the Biceps Brachii During Submaximal Isometric Elbow Flexion
Authors: Imeson David H. , Gerditschke Lea , Brown Liana E. , Forman Davis A.
Published: January 2025

Previous research on resting muscles has shown that inter‐pulse interval (IPI) duration influences transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) responses, which can introduce serious confounding variables into investigations if not accounted for. However, it is far less clear how IPI influences TMS responses in active muscles. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between IPI and corticospinal excitability during submaximal isometric elbow flexion. Corticospinal excitability to the biceps and triceps brachii was measured using motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited via TMS. Stimulation intensity was set to 120% of the biceps brachii's active motor threshold while participants produced 10% of their biceps' maximal muscle activity. TMS was delivered as separate trains of five stimulations, with experimental conditions differing between IPIs of 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 or 14 s. Results demonstrated that IPI had no influence on MEP amplitudes for either the biceps or triceps. However, when MEP amplitudes were expressed as a unitless ratio to pre‐stimulus muscle activity, a main effect of time was found for the biceps; MEP amplitudes progressively decreased with successive stimulations (MEP 1:32.8 ± 5.9; MEP 5:27.7 ± 4.3, p < 0.05). These results suggest that IPI is unlikely to represent a confounding variable in TMS studies utilizing active contractions. However, studies looking to compare the amplitudes of single MEPs over time should be aware of the possibility that amplitudes may decrease with continuous stimulation. Future research should seek to examine even longer IPIs and explore the influence of higher stimulation intensities.
Cenobamate as add‐on treatment for SCN8A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Gjerulfsen Cathrine E. , Oudin Madeleine J. , Furia Francesca , Gverdtsiteli Sopio , Landmark Cecilie Johannessen , Trivisano Marina , Balestrini Simona , Guerrini Renzo , Aledo‐Serrano Angel , Morcos Ricardo , Previtali Roberto , Veggiotti Pierangelo , Ricci Emilia , Rubboli Guido , Gardella Elena , Møller Rikke S.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) caused by pathogenic variants in SCN8A are associated with difficult‐to‐treat and early‐onset seizures, developmental delay/intellectual disability, impaired quality of life, and increased risk of early mortality. High doses of sodium channel blockers are typically used to treat SCN8A‐DEE caused by gain‐of‐function (GoF) variants. However, seizures are often drug resistant, and only a few patients achieve seizure freedom. In this retrospective study, the effect of cenobamate was assessed in patients with SCN8A‐DEE.

Methods

Across multiple centers and through collaborations with SCN8A patient advocacy organizations, patients with SCN8A‐DEE treated with cenobamate for ≥6 months were identified. Data were obtained from patients' caregivers or treating physicians through a (Research Electronic Data Capture) REDCap survey. The functional effect of the SCN8A variants was obtained from the literature or assessed by prediction tools.

Results

Twelve patients (3–25 years of age (median 8 years), 9 females) with presumed GoF SCN8A variants were treated with cenobamate for a mean period of 17 months (range 6–42 months). Countable motor seizures were meaningfully reduced in 10 of 12 patients (83%). Six patients experienced a seizure reduction above 70%, of which two achieved seizure freedom. In addition, two patients achieved a reduction in seizures ranging between 50% and 70%. An increase in seizure‐free days per patient was also reported. Rescue medication was decreased in six of seven patients (85%) in need. Furthermore, 80% of patients reported non–seizure‐related improvements, which included increased alertness, better sleep, and improved muscle tone. Adverse effects were reported by 50% of patients, and half resolved spontaneously or through the reduction of concomitant antiseizure medications.

Significance

Our data suggest that cenobamate is a promising and safe treatment for SCN8A‐DEE, even during early childhood. As a potential precision approach to treatment, cenobamate significantly reduced seizure burden and improved non–seizure‐related symptoms. These positive outcomes may also be achieved in patient cohorts with GoF variants in other voltage‐gated sodium channel genes.
Quasistatic Tensile and Fatigue Performances of Titanium Alloy Open Hole Structures Strengthened by Different Cold Expansion Mandrel Front Cone Angles
Authors: Chen Junpeng , Ma Yingxiang , Chen Yingxin , Zuo Yangjie
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the cold expansion test of titanium alloy open hole structures was conducted, and the fatigue performance was also assessed. A parametric study of the mandrel front cone angle revealed a correlation with the strengthening quality and fatigue performance evolution, providing valuable insight for optimization of open hole structure designs. The results showed that the strengthening resistance decreased and then increased with the increase of the front cone angle. The microhardness of the hole edge increased and exhibited obvious sensitivity to the mandrel front cone angle. As expected, the fatigue life of specimens increased after strengthening. The best fatigue life strengthening front cone angle was 15°. Although the front cone angle exhibited little influence on the location of the fatigue crack initiation zone and crack propagating direction, the crack extension rate and the stiffness degradation rate could be reduced by the proper mandrel front cone angle.
Marked Variability in Distance‐Decay Patterns Suggests Contrasting Dispersal Ability in Abyssal Taxa
Authors: Simon‐Lledó Erik , Baselga Andrés , Gómez‐Rodríguez Carola , Metaxas Anna , Amon Diva J. , Bribiesca‐Contreras Guadalupe , Durden Jennifer M. , Fleming Bethany , Mejía‐Saenz Alejandra , Taboada Sergi , Van Audenhaege Loïc , Jones Daniel O. B.
Published: January 2025

Aim

We assess the role of spatial distance and depth difference in shaping beta diversity patterns across abyssal seascape regions. We measured the decrease of faunistic similarity across the northeast Pacific seafloor, to test whether species turnover rates differ between deep and shallow‐abyssal biogeographical provinces and whether these patterns vary across functionally or taxonomically different biotic groups.

Location

Abyssal NE Pacific Ocean.

Time Period

Present.

Major Taxa Studied

Benthic Invertebrates (13 Phyla).

Methods

We examined the relationship between compositional similarity (𝛽sim) and spatial distance, distance‐decay, in benthic megafauna communities (animals > 10 mm) based on seabed imagery data (> 36,000 specimens in 402 species) collected across 28 abyssal seascape locations spanning a total of 4000 km. By comparing the statistical parameters (intercept and slope) of decay curves, we investigated whether distance‐decay patterns differ (i) between communities above and below the carbonate compensation depth (~4400 m at N Pacific), (ii) among taxa with contrasting life‐habits and (ii) across dominant phyla.

Results

We found steeper species turnover rates in communities below 4400 m and variations in distance‐decay patterns across biotic groups. Turnover was higher for taxa facultatively growing on hard‐substratum patches (polymetallic nodules) than for sediment‐dwelling or swimming organisms. Cnidaria and Porifera, respectively, depicted the most and least evident spatial decays in community similarity.

Main Conclusions

We demonstrate the utility of combining seabed imaging with distance‐decay modelling to capture macroecological patterns in poorly explored deep‐sea ecosystems. Our results suggest that chemical boundaries associated with depth are a very relevant niche‐sorting mechanism driving large‐scale beta‐diversity patterns and an association between species life‐habits and dispersal limitation in abyssal seabed communities. These findings have important implications for biodiversity conservation plans in the deep ocean, amid the need to protect vast abyssal seascape ecosystems from globally rising human threats.
Pulp sensibility responses following complete and partial pulpotomy in mature permanent molars with carious pulpal exposure and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: Analysis of pooled data from three randomized clinical trials
Authors: Sangwan Pankaj , Ramani Ankita , Mishra Soumyashree , Durga Kanaga , Popat Shyam , Sangwan Aditi
Published: January 2025

Aim

The objective of pulpotomy is to preserve the pulp vitality. However, the assessment of pulpal status following pulpotomy is often overlooked. This retrospective analysis aimed to compare the pulp responses to EPT (Electric pulp test) and cold test in mature permanent molars that have undergone either complete pulpotomy (CP) or partial pulpotomy (PP) for managing carious pulpal exposure and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) and completed 12 months follow‐up.

Methodology

This retrospective analysis pooled data from three randomized clinical trials of pulpotomy (one using CP and two using PP) conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics of the Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, from December 2020 to May 2024. The present study included a total of 220 cariously exposed mature permanent molars with SIP, that underwent either CP (n = 45) or PP (n = 175) using ProRoot Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, and were followed‐up for 12 months. The teeth were evaluated for outcomes (clinical and radiographic), and pulp sensibility responses to EPT and the cold test, both individually and collectively as positive response to either test. Pulp sensibility responses were further analysed following teeth distribution considering variables like age, gender, number of tooth surfaces restored, preoperative pain intensity and hard tissue formation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi‐squared test, Fisher's exact test and Mann–Whitney U‐test, with significance at p < .05.

Results

At 12 months follow‐up, 209 of 220 teeth analysed had a successful pulpotomy outcome. Amongst these, PP‐treated teeth responded more predictably to EPT and cold test as compared to CP‐treated teeth. However, the difference was significant with EPT analysis only (p = .001). The proportion of teeth with a positive response was significantly higher in both the groups, when considering a combined positive response to either EPT or cold test, compared to the positive response to each test alone (p < .001). None of the included variables influenced the pulp sensibility responses in either group (p > .05).

Conclusions

PP‐treated teeth responded more predictably to EPT and cold test than CP‐treated teeth. Future studies must consider positive response to either EPT or the cold test collectively, whilst assessing the pulpal status following CP and PP.
Conceptualisation and Measurement of Resilience of Adults With Cancer: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Luo Dan , Foster Kim , White Kate
Published: January 2025

Aims

To (1) clarify the key components of resilience of adults with cancer; (2) summarise and analyse the resilience measures used in this population; and (3) discuss future evaluation directions.

Design

An umbrella review.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane library and Epistemonikos were searched in December 2023.

Methods

The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines were followed for undertaking this umbrella review. Systematic and narrative reviews that defined resilience of adults with cancer and reported resilience measures, published in English, were included. The methodological quality was assessed using the JBI appraisal tool.

Results

Fourteen eligible reviews were included. Four key resilience components from various resilience conceptualisations were identified. Twenty resilience measures were used among cancer patients, with the 25‐item Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale providing a relatively comprehensive assessment of individual resilience. Recommended future research with cancer patients includes assessing these resilience components: (1) available individual resources—key psychological factors that enhance individual resilience; (2) access to social resources—close interpersonal relationships, family cohesion and social support; (3) adaptive coping ability—problem‐solving skills, emotional management strategies and experiences in managing adversity; (4) ability to regain mental health and well‐being—the capacity to recover a relatively stable psychological state and promote positive psychological functioning.

Conclusion

The findings provide evidence for refining future resilience measurement in the adult cancer population. Examining the four key components of resilience with this population across cultures is warranted.

Impact

Understanding the key components of resilience of cancer patients can help healthcare professionals identify individuals who may need further support and facilitate early intervention or referral to psychosocial support services. The 25‐item Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale is recommended over other tools for use in the cancer population.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patient or public involvement is not applicable in this study.
In situ quantification of ribosome number by electron tomography
Authors: El Hankouri Mounir , Nousch Marco , Poddar Aayush , Müller‐Reichert Thomas , Fabig Gunar
Published: January 2025

Ribosomes, discovered in 1955 by George Palade, were initially described as small cytoplasmic particles preferentially associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Over the years, extensive research has focused on both the structure and function of ribosomes. However, a fundamental question – how many ribosomes are present within whole cells – has remained largely unaddressed. In this study, we developed a microscopic method to quantify the total number of ribosomes in hTERT‐RPE‐1 cells and in nematode cells from various tissues of Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites. Using electron tomography of high‐pressure frozen, freeze‐substituted and resin‐embedded samples, we determined that the ribosome number in hTERT‐RPE‐1 cells is in the same order of magnitude as biochemical measurements obtained via RNA capillary electrophoresis. As expected, control worms exhibited a higher number of ribosomes compared to RNA polymerase I A subunit (RPOA‐1)‐depleted worms in two out of three analysed tissue types. Our imaging‐based approach complements established biochemical methods by enabling direct quantification of ribosome numbers in specific samples. This method offers a powerful tool for advancing our understanding of ribosome localisation and distribution in cells and tissues across diverse model systems.
Enhancing Communication and Empathy Skills in Geriatric Care: Nurses' Reflections on Simulation‐Based Training for Patient Interaction and Education
Authors: Mohammed Sobhia Ahmed Abdel Kader , Shaban Mostafa
Published: January 2025

Aim

To explore the impact of simulation‐based training on communication and empathy skills among nurses working with elderly patients in the Abha region of Saudi Arabia. The study also aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to applying these skills in real‐world clinical practice.

Design

A qualitative study.

Method

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted between June and July 2024 with 17 nurses from urban and rural healthcare settings in the Abha region. Data were analysed using both deductive framework analysis, guided by social support theory, and inductive thematic analysis to identify key themes related to communication, empathy, and the application of simulation‐based skills in practice. We adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist.

Results

The study involved 17 participants aged 22–50 years, with diverse educational backgrounds and work experience. The findings indicated that simulation‐based training significantly improved nurses' confidence in delivering difficult news and their ability to empathise with elderly patients. Nurses working in urban settings with regular access to simulation training reported better outcomes compared to those in rural settings with less frequent training opportunities.

Conclusion

Simulation‐based training has a positive impact on enhancing communication and empathy skills among nurses, but challenges in real‐world application remain. Efforts should be made to improve the accessibility of simulation training and address the barriers preventing its effective implementation in clinical practice.

Implication for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Healthcare practitioners and policymakers should prioritise simulation‐based training in nursing education and professional development to improve the quality of care for elderly patients.

Reporting Method

The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).

Patient or Public Contribution

The engagement and interview data from nursing participants provided valuable insights into the impact of simulation‐based training on communication and empathy in elderly care.
Social jetlag decreases across the lifespan: A prospective big data analysis of objective sleep metrics
Authors: Gottlieb Elie , Gupta Supaksh , Gahan Luke , Raymann Roy J. , Watson Nathaniel F.
Published: January 2025

Changes in social zeitgebers across the lifespan affect the interaction between biological and social clocks, potentially contributing to social jetlag. Extant literature suggests a reduction in social jetlag given declining social obligations occurring after retirement, but is limited to self‐reported methods and cross‐sectional designs. Leveraging longitudinal and ecologically valid data from consumer sleep technology, we analysed objective sleep data from 2439 users of the polysomnography‐validated SleepScore mobile application, encompassing 500,415 total nights recorded. We examined the relationship between age as a continuous variable, age as a proxy for retirement status, and social jetlag. Additional linear models were employed to assess the effect of self‐reported chronotype, average reported daily caffeine, alcohol and stress on social jetlag. There was a significant negative association between overall age and social jetlag (β = −0.64, t = −9.90, p < 0.001, effect size = 0.040), such that every 1‐year increase in age corresponded with a 0.64‐min reduction in social jetlag. The inclusion of self‐reported chronotype, stress, caffeine and alcohol increased the explanatory power of our models slightly, but the effect of age remained consistent (β = −0.642, t = −8.91, p < 0.001, effect size = 0.046). Retirement‐aged individuals exhibited nearly 50% less reduction in social jetlag than pre‐retirement (30.6 ± 48.2 min versus post‐retirement: 15.8 ± 41.6 min, p < 0.0001). While social jetlag after retirement was most pronounced for strong evening chronotypes (β = −0.41, t = −2.876, p = 0.004, effect size = −0.4276), pairwise comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences in the slopes between chronotypes (p > 0.05). Thus, social jetlag decreases across the lifespan, and its reduction appears to be amplified post‐retirement even after accounting for behavioural factors.
Characterisation of a Betasatellite Associated With Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Guangdong Virus and Discovery of an Unusual Modulation of Virus Infection Associated With C4 Protein
Authors: Li Zhenggang , Tang Yafei , She Xiaoman , Yu Lin , Lan Guobing , Ding Shanwen , He Zifu
Published: January 2025

Tomato yellow leaf curl Guangdong virus (TYLCGdV), a monopartite begomovirus first identified in 2004, remains poorly characterised. In this study, we demonstrate that TYLCGdV associates with a betasatellite, TYLCGdB, and the βC1 protein encoded by TYLCGdB is essential for symptom development. We also explore the role of TYLCGdV C4 protein by generating a C4‐deficient infectious clone (TYLCGdVmC4), revealing a dynamic role for TYLCGdV C4. Specifically, viral accumulation in TYLCGdVmC4/TYLCGdB‐inoculated plants was significantly lower than that in TYLCGdV/TYLCGdB‐inoculated plants at 7 and 14 days post‐inoculation (dpi), but surpassed that of TYLCGdV/TYLCGdB‐inoculated plants by 25 dpi. Furthermore, although C4 proteins in other begomoviruses typically exhibit one or more of the following properties: (i) suppression of post‐transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), (ii) suppression of transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), (iii) enhancement of pathogenicity in potato virus X (PVX) and (iv) symptom induction when transgenically expressed, TYLCGdV C4 did not exhibit any of these properties. However, the dynamic role of TYLCGdV C4 in viral infection appears to result from its effects on viral DNA methylation. At 7 dpi, the cytosine methylation level in the TYLCGdVmC4 genome was notably elevated compared to that of the wild‐type virus. However, this trend reversed by 14 dpi, with the wild‐type virus exhibiting a higher methylation level. By 25 dpi, the cytosine methylation levels of both TYLCGdVmC4 and TYLCGdV were comparable. These results indicate that TYLCGdV C4 modulates viral infection via an unconventional mechanism. This novel observation highlights the need for further investigation into the diverse roles of C4 proteins in begomoviruses.
Lower Risk of New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Conduction System Pacing Compared With Right Ventricular Pacing
Authors: Li Feng , Zhang You , Huang Jian , Peng Si‐Liang , Jin Meng‐Chao , Geng Chi , Ravi Venkatesh , Sharma Parikshit S. , Vijayaraman Pugazhendhi , Li Hui
Published: January 2025

Background

Conduction system pacing (CSP) has been reported to improve clinical outcomes in comparison of right ventricular pacing (RVP). However, the performance between CSP and RVP on the risk of new‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF) remains elusive.

Methods

Four online databases were systematically searched up to July 1, 2024. Studies comprising the rate/risk of new‐onset AF between CSP and RVP group were included. Subgroup analysis was performed to screen the potential determinants for the new‐onset AF risk for CSP therapy. The pooled risk of new‐onset AF based on ventricular pacing burden (Vp) between CSP and RVP group were evaluated.

Results

A total of six studies including 1577 patients requiring pacing therapy were eligible. The pooled new‐onset AF rates for CSP and RVP group were 0.09 and 0.27, respectively. Compared with RVP group, CSP group showed a lower pooled risk (risk ratio [RR] 0.38, p = 0.000) and adjusted risk (hazard ratio [HR] 0.32, p = 0.000) of new‐onset AF. Meanwhile, a significant intervention–covariate interaction for the adjusted risk of new‐onset AF between CSP and RVP group was identified with Vp < 20% and Vp ≥ 20%.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that CSP is associate with a significantly lower occurrence of new‐onset AF compared with RVP. The Vp ≥ 20% may be the key determinant on the lower risk of new‐onset AF with CSP therapy.

Trial Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023492551, identifier (CRD42023492551)
A Genome‐Wide Association Screen for Genes Affecting Leaf Trichome Development and Epidermal Metal Accumulation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Bezvoda Radek , Landeo‐Ríos Yazmín Mónica , Kubátová Zdeňka , Kollárová Eva , Kulich Ivan , Busch Wolfgang , Žárský Viktor , Cvrčková Fatima
Published: January 2025

To identify novel genes engaged in plant epidermal development, we characterized the phenotypic variability of rosette leaf epidermis of 310 sequenced Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, focusing on trichome shape and distribution, compositional characteristics of the trichome cell wall, and histologically detectable metal ion distribution. Some of these traits correlated with cLimate parameters of our accession's locations of origin, suggesting environmental selection. A novel metal deposition pattern in stomatal guard cells was observed in some accessions. Subsequent GWAS analysis identified 1546 loci with protein sequence‐altering SNPs associated with one or more traits, including 5 genes with previously reported relevant mutant phenotypes and 80 additional genes with known or predicted roles in relevant developmental and cellular processes. Some candidates, including GFS9/TT9, exhibited environmentally correlated allele distribution. Several large gene famiLies, namely DUF674, DUF784, DUF1262, DUF1985, DUF3741, cytochrome P450, receptor‐Like kinases, Cys/His‐rich C1 domain proteins and formins were overrepresented among the candidates for various traits, suggesting epidermal development‐related functions. A possible participation of formins in guard cell metal deposition was supported by observations in available loss of function mutants. Screening of candidate gene lists against the STRING interactome database uncovered several predominantly nuclear protein interaction networks with possible novel roles in epidermal development.