bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep-water Raphitomidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Conoidea) from the Campos Basin, southeast Brazil
Authors: FIGUEIRA RAQUEL MEDEIROS ANDRADE , ABSALÃO RICARDO SILVA
Published: April 2019

During the program “Environmental Characterization of the Campos Basin, RJ, Brazil”, carried out from 2001 to 2003,117 stations were sampled on the continental slope of the Campos Basin off southeast Brazil, by the Research Vessel“Astro-Garoupa”. The samples were taken on soft bottoms at depths from 700 to 1950 m, with a 0.25 m2 box corer or bydredging with a Charcot dredge. Mollusks were present at all of the stations, and among the Gastropoda the Conoideashowed the highest diversity. Here we present the results obtained for the most abundant family, Raphitomidae. We found21 species in eight genera: Famelica, Eubela, Xanthodaphne, Magnella, Gymnobela, Pleurotomella, Aliceia andNeopleurotomoides. The last two genera are reported here for the first time in the South Atlantic Ocean. Among the 21species two had been previously reported for this region: Magnella malmii (Dall, 1889) and M. extensa (Dall, 1881).Three species had been reported for Brazil, but the new finds expand their known geographical distribution: Eubelalimacina (Dall, 1881), Famelica mirmidina (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1986) and Pleurotomella cala (Watson, 1885).Twelve species are reported for the first time in the South Atlantic: Aliceia aenigmatica Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897,Xanthodaphne dalmasi (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897), Xanthodaphne araneosa (Watson, 1881), Magnella watsoni(Dautzenberg, 1889), Gymnobela chyta (Watson, 1881), G. atypha (Bush, 1893), Gymnobela bairdii (Verrill & Smith,1884), Gymnobela blakeana Dall, 1881, Pleurotomella perpauxilla (Watson, 1881), P. bureaui (Dautzenberg & Fischer,1897), P. cf. anceyi (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897) and P. coelorhaphe (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896). Four species arenew to science and are described here: Neopleurotomoides aembe, Xanthodaphne pichi, Gymnobela xaioca and Pleurotomella ybessa.
New species and new geographical records in Disteniidae (Coleoptera, Chrysomeloidea) with revised keys to species of Novantinoe and American species of Distenia (Distenia)
Authors: BOTERO JUAN PABLO , ALMEIDA LÚCIA M.
Published: April 2019

Six new species of Disteniidae are described: Aiurasyma santandereana (Dynamostini), from Colombia; Distenia (D.) marinonii, Distenia (D.) normae, Paracometes solangeae, and Villiersicometes galileoae, all from Brazil, and Novantinoe vivida, from Ecuador (Disteniini). The geographical distribution of 15 species is expanded, and keys to species of Novantinoe Santos-Silva & Hovore, 2007 and American species of Distenia (Distenia) Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1828 are also provided.
A taxonomic review of the genus Diolcogaster Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) in Iran, distribution and morphological variability
Authors: MOGHADDAM MOSTAFA GHAFOURI , RAKHSHANI EHSAN , ACHTERBERG CORNELIS VAN , MOKHTARI AZIZOLLAH
Published: April 2019

The four species of the genus Diolcogaster Ashmead, 1900, present in Iran are reviewed. Field sampling was done during 2010 to 2016 in eastern and southeastern parts of Iran by various methods. The identity and morphological variability of D. alvearia (Fabricius), D. claritibia (Papp), D. mayae (Shestakov) and D. spreta (Marshall) were compared with other Palaearctic material. Three species, D. claritibia, D. mayae and D. alvearia, are illustrated and redescribed and the intraspecific variation of D. mayae is presented for the first time. Examination of the additional specimens revealed eleven new records: D. alvearia (Croatia), D. claritibia (Tunisia and Ukraine), D. mayae (Algeria, Israel, Russia and Yemen) and D. spreta (Bulgaria, Denmark, Germany and Spain). A key to the species found in Iran, as well as information about their distribution, are also provided.
Flash Drought as Captured by Reanalysis Data: Disentangling the Contributions of Precipitation Deficit and Excess Evapotranspiration
Authors: Koster R. D. , Schubert S. D. , Wang H. , Mahanama S. P. , DeAngelis Anthony M.
Published: April 2019

Flash droughts—uncharacteristically rapid dryings of the land system—are naturally associated with extreme precipitation deficits. Such precipitation deficits, however, do not tell the whole story, for land surface drying can be exacerbated by anomalously high evapotranspiration (ET) rates driven by anomalously high temperatures (e.g., during heat waves), anomalously high incoming radiation (e.g., from reduced cloudiness), and other meteorological anomalies. In this study, the relative contributions of precipitation and ET anomalies to flash drought generation in the Northern Hemisphere are quantified through the analysis of diagnostic fields contained within the MERRA-2 reanalysis product. Unique to the approach is the explicit treatment of soil moisture impacts on ET through relationships diagnosed from the reanalysis data; under this treatment, an ET anomaly that is negative relative to the local long-term climatological mean is still considered positive in terms of its contribution to a flash drought if it is high for the concurrent value of soil moisture. Maps produced in the analysis show the fraction of flash drought production stemming specifically from ET anomalies and illustrate how ET anomalies for some droughts are related to temperature and radiation anomalies. While ET is found to have an important impact on flash drought production in the central United States and in parts of Russia known from past studies to be prone to heat wave–related drought, and while this impact does appear stronger during the onset (first several days) of flash droughts, overall the contribution of ET to these droughts is small relative to the contribution of precipitation deficit.
Acenocoumarol and Pentoxifylline in Intermittent Claudication. A Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Dettori Anton G. , Pini Mario , Moratti Alfio , Paolicelli Mauro , Basevi Paolo , Quintavalla Roberto , Manotti Cesare , Di Lecce Carmelo
Published: April 2019

The efficacy and safety of pentoxifylline (400 mg tid orally) and aceno coumarol, administered singly or in combination, in the treatment of intermit tent claudication associated with chronic occlusive arterial disease were evaluated in a multi-center, randomized, factorial, blind clinical trial involving 146 patients.

The response to treatment was assessed by measuring pain-free walking time on the treadmill and by Doppler ankle/arm systolic pressure ratio at rest and after treadmill.

Both pentoxifylline and acenocoumarol were significantly more effective than placebo in increasing the proportion of patients who improved their per formance on the treadmill after one year of treatment. Benefit from active treatment was also apparent from the results of Doppler examinations per formed after physical exercise.

No significant differences were observed in comparing the effect of one ac tive drug versus the other or versus the combined treatment.

Five major hemorrhagic complications were registered in anticoagulated pa tients, two fatal cerebral hemorrhages and one gastrointestinal bleeding occur ring in the group treated with both active drugs.

The investigators conclude that (1) pentoxifylline is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with intermittent claudication (2) the benefits of oral anti coagulant therapy are outweighed by the risk of serious bleeding, and (3) the risk of bleeding is probably increased by the combined treatment with pentox ifylline.
Heparin and Prostacyclin
Authors: Camici M. , Evangelisti L.
Published: April 2019

Hemodialysis performed with prostacyclin (5 ng/kg/min) as a sub stitute for heparin was studied in 10 patients. The subjects were studied during heparin perfusion alone and during heparin perfusion together with prostacyclin. The authors inves tigated the effect of two heparin regi mens (regimen I: 2,000 U/hr and reg imen II: 500 U/hr) upon plasma anti thrombin level (IU/mL) and activated thromboplastin time (sec).

Our findings show: (1) prostacy clin can substitute for heparin anti coagulaton in hemodialysis; (2) the concomitant administration of pro stacyclin enhances the anticoagulant effect of heparin, based on the mea surement of the activated partial thromboplastin time; (3) the anti thrombin activity is increased by both treatments but more so with prostacyclin; and (4) platelet activa tion plays a role in limiting heparin anticoagulation, a conclusion partly supported by the finding that acti vated partial thromboplastin time is somewhat more prolonged by hepa rin when measured in platelet-poor rather than in platelet-rich plasma in the presence of prostacyclin. Physio pathologic implications of these pre liminary findings are discussed.
Study of the Antiischemic Action of EGb 761 in the Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease by TcPo2 Determination
Authors: Mouren X. , Caillard Ph. , Schwartz F.
Published: April 2019

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel study of 20 patients, the anti ischemic effect of EGb 761 (Ginkgo biloba Extract) was studied by measuring the tran scutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (TcPo2) during exercise. Transcutaneous oximetry during exercise provides a good, noninvasive estimation of local arterial perfusion and constitutes a real index of local and regional capillary perfusion.

Twenty patients between the ages of forty-four and seventy-three years suffering from claudicating atherosclerotic arterial occlusive disease in stage II according to the Leriche and Fontaine classification, diagnosed for more than a year and stable for three months, were included.

The eligible patients received placebo for fifteen days under single-blind conditions. At the end of this preinclusion period, the eligibility criteria were checked and the patients were randomized to two treatment groups. The first group received 320 mg per day of EGb 761 for four weeks and the second group received placebo. The treadmill walking test was performed under standardized conditions at the same time of day and by the same investigator.

In a comparison of the differences before and after treatment, the areas of ischemia decreased by 38% in the EGb 761 group but remained essentially stable (+5%) in the placebo group. This difference between groups is significant (F [1.18] =4.91; P=0.04) and the 95% confidence interval for the difference ranges from 0.89 to 3.87.

This study confirmed significantly the rapid antiischemic action of EGb 761 and its value in the management of peripheral arterial occlusive disease at the stage of inter mittent claudication.
Circulatory and Plasma Catecholamine Responses to Mental Stress in Young Subjects with two Different Types of Hypertension
Authors: Kawabe Hiroshi , Saito Ikuo , Hasegawa Chika , Nagano Shiro , Saruta Takao
Published: April 2019

To determine whether any differences exist between young male subjects with elevated diastolic and systolic blood pressure (BP) and those with only an elevated systolic BP, the responses of BP and plasma catecholamines to a mental arithmetic test were studied in 11 young men (mean age of nineteen years) with BP of ≥ 140/90 mm Hg at a routine health check-up (group I-hypertension [HT]), 26 age-matched men with only elevated systolic BP (≥ 140 mm Hg) (group II-HT), and 12 age-matched normotensive (NT) men (< 140/90 mm Hg). During an arithmetic test, group I-HT showed a significantly higher increment of systolic BP (+14.5-18.0%) than group II-HT (+9.3-10.2%) and NT controls (+6.4-8.2%). However, no significant difference in BP response was seen between group II-HT and NT controls. Plasma norepinephrine in group I-HT showed a significant increase after the test, (171 ±23 → 202 ±27 pg/mL), whereas group II-HT and NT controls showed no change. No significant difference occurred in epinephrine response among the three groups. These results suggest that the young male subjects with screening BP above 140/90 mm Hg are hyperreactive to a mental stress as compared with subjects with only elevated systolic BP or NT controls.
Arterial Thrombophilia in Primary Thrombocythemia
Authors: van Genderen Perry J. J. , Michiels Jan J.
Published: April 2019

The clinical course of a case of primary thrombocythemia is described, complicated by a variety of recurrent and sequential thrombotic manifestations, involving the peripheral as well as the cerebrovascular and coronary microvasculature, demonstrating that throm bocythemia should be considered as an important risk factor for thrombosis, already at platelet count states in excess of 400 x 109/L.
Concurrent Balloon Dilation in a Patient with Mitral Stenosis and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Chow Wing-Hing , Yip Alex S. B. , Chow Tsun-Cheung
Published: April 2019

A patient with coexistent mitral stenosis and coronary artery disease is described in whom a concurrent balloon dilation was performed successfully.
The pH Value as a Factor Modifying Bacterial Colonization of Sinonasal Mucosa in Healthy Persons
Authors: Morawska-Kochman Monika , Jermakow Katarzyna , Nelke Kamil , Zub Krzysztof , Pawlak Wojciech , Dudek Krzysztof , Bochnia Marek
Published: April 2019

Objective:

The aim of the present study is to determine and compare the range of pH value in nasal and sinus cavities in vivo regarding the presence of bacteria colonizing sinonasal mucosa among healthy subjects.

Methods:

The nasal pH value measurement using a portable pH meter (Dx-pH System, Restech) and the microbiological culture swab were taken from beneath the middle turbinate and in the sinus cavity in 39 healthy subjects during maxillary bone corrective osteotomy with the Le Fort I technique.

Results:

The mean pH value (independently of sex, P = .441) in the healthy sinus cavity was statistically higher than in the nasal middle meatus: 7.96 (SD ± 0.29) versus 7.83 (SD ± 0.30) ( P = .032). Forty-eight strains of bacteria were cultured from sinus maxillaries cavities—aerobic 36.8%, aerobic and anaerobic 52.6%, anaerobic only 10.5%—and 23 strains from the nasal meatus—aerobic 25%, aerobic and anaerobic 75%. A statistically significant correlation was found between the type and location of 8 microorganisms, especially Propionibacterium acnes, identified only in the sinus cavities.

Conclusions:

Differences in the pH value between the middle nasal meatus and the maxillary sinus are characteristic of healthy subjects and could be associated with the diverse bacterial flora. The role of bacteria Propionibacterium acnes seems to be crucial for the pH range and sinus flora in healthy subjects.
Dimensions of Worship in the Shema: Resources for Christian Liturgical Theology
Authors: Kervin William S.
Published: April 2019

The centrality of the Shema in Jewish faith and life serves as a rich case study for Christian liturgical theology. The role and significance of the Shema in Jewish daily prayer, liturgy and performative ritualization points to dimensions of worship in which text and action, liturgy and life, prayer and politics, converge. Liturgical, historical, performative, biblical and theological aspects of the Shema are interpreted in relation to Paul Tillich’s notion of “ultimate concern” and Walter Brueggemann’s exegesis of “God-neighbour” to advance a more holistic Christian lex orandi.
Immigration Policy from Post-War to Post-Brexit: How New Immigration Policy can Reconcile Public Attitudes and Employer Preferences
Authors: Rolfe Heather , Runge Johnny , Hudson-Sharp Nathan
Published: April 2019

As Britain prepares to leave the EU immigration policy has come to the top of the policy agenda. The Brexit vote was seen as a vote against free movement and new policies are aimed at introducing more restrictive controls. The report by the Migration Advisory Committee (MAC) in September 2018 recommended little new provision for low-skilled migration post-Brexit (MAC, 2018). This was then adopted by the Home Office in its Immigration White Paper, published in November 2018 (Home Affairs Committee, 2018). The White Paper explicitly references public concerns that migrant labour reduces opportunities for British workers and undermines their pay and conditions. Yet employers have argued that they need to be able to continue to recruit lower, as well as highly skilled labour because the supply of British workers is insufficient. The paper explores the likely impact of proposed restrictions on immigration post-Brexit, using data from NIESR studies of employers and of the general public. It combines an assessment of what is needed to meet the needs of employers, the economy and to address public concerns, finding that there is more consensus than there is often considered to be.
Is Employer Sponsorship a Good Way to Manage Labour Migration? Implications for Post-Brexit Migration Policies
Authors: Sumption Madeleine
Published: April 2019

This paper examines the implications of labour migration models that rely on employer sponsorship. According to UK government proposals, long-term migration into high-skilled jobs after Brexit will require workers to be sponsored by employers, while workers in low-skilled and low-wage jobs will receive short-term work permits that do not require an employer sponsor. The paper argues that choosing employer sponsorship over worker-driven routes has three key effects: it gives the government greater ability to regulate which jobs migrants fill; it gives employers more power over their workforce; and it increases the administrative burden associated with hiring workers from overseas. This implies that in high-skilled jobs, employer sponsorship is likely to improve the skill composition of labour migrants but reduce the total number of skilled workers admitted; and that in low-skilled positions the government faces a trade-off between the ability to channel workers to specific jobs (including those where employers struggle to attract workers) and the risk of increasing underpayment or exploitation.
“Who Do These People Want Teaching Their Children?” White Saviorism, Colorblind Racism, and Anti-Blackness in “No Excuses” Charter Schools
Authors: Sondel Beth , Kretchmar Kerry , Hadley Dunn Alyssa
Published: April 2019

In this article, we explore how White supremacist ideologies operate in “no excuses” charter schools. Drawing on critical race frameworks and qualitative data collected in two “no excuses” charter schools in New Orleans, we illustrate how anti-Blackness, White saviorism, and colorblind racism are taken up through hiring practices, discipline policies, and school culture. Collectively, these constructs are used in efforts to justify the mistreatment of Black students. We argue that it is the presence of an elite network of entrepreneurial organizations that have gained power over schools through corporate reform that allows for this unbridled racism.
Sleep—an Essential Component of Obesity Screening and Counseling: A Policy Analysis of the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Owens Heather
Published: April 2019

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) has provided access to health care for millions of people in the United States. One of the most beneficial aspects of the PPACA is the obesity screening and counseling provision. Currently, it is estimated that over 39% of US adults are obese. Research has linked sleep disturbances to obesity and obesity-related behaviors. The purpose of this article is to advocate for evidence-based care through the inclusion of sleep disturbance screening and management under the PPACA obesity screening and counseling provision. An in-depth policy analysis of the PPACA was conducted to examine the feasibility of adding sleep screenings to the obesity screening and counseling provision available under current law. Findings suggest that the adoption of this policy would require stakeholder advocacy and educational reform. Implementation of the policy would require additional economic investments, but the long-term savings could be significant. A campaign to raise awareness regarding the association between sleep disturbance and obesity among the public and health care professionals would be essential. Policy implementation would require interprofessional collaboration when performing sleep disordered screening and management. Preventative health care for individuals who have not previously accessed the health care system has the potential to socially and economically benefit society if policies provide for evidence-based care. Sleep screening and counseling is essential under the PPACA to adequately address the US obesity crisis.
Stop Smoking theEasyway: Addiction, Self-Help, and Tobacco Cessation
Authors: Marron Donncha
Published: April 2019

This article examines Easyway, a popular clinical and self-help method for the treatment of smoking addiction established by the late Allen Carr in 1984. It begins by addressing how smoking has come to be constituted as a neuropharmacological addiction and some of the issues and concerns raised against this in the social sciences. After situating its theoretical and empirical focus, the article then proceeds with an interpretative thematic analysis of a selection of Easyway self-help texts. The aims here are as follows: firstly, to show how Easyway, as a discourse, constitutes the problem of nicotine addiction in novel and distinctive ways; secondly, to elaborate how the Easyway texts seek to govern readers—paradoxically, through their free capacity for reflection, introspection, and action—to overcome their situated addiction to smoking; and thirdly, to identify and locate the significance of the author’s implicit claims to charisma in underpinning his authority to know and treat nicotine addiction.
Can School Diversity Policies Reduce Belonging and Achievement Gaps Between Minority and Majority Youth? Multiculturalism, Colorblindness, and Assimilationism Assessed
Authors: Celeste Laura , Baysu Gülseli , Phalet Karen , Meeussen Loes , Kende Judit
Published: April 2019

European societies and schools face the challenge of accommodating immigrant minorities from increasingly diverse cultural backgrounds. In view of significant belonging and achievement gaps between minority and majority groups in school, we examine which diversity approaches are communicated by actual school policies and which approaches predict smaller ethnic gaps in student outcomes over time. To derive diversity approaches, we content-analyzed diversity policies from ( n = 66) randomly sampled Belgian middle schools. Cluster analysis yielded different approaches valuing, ignoring, or rejecting cultural diversity in line with multiculturalism, colorblindness, and assimilationism, respectively. We estimated multilevel path models that longitudinally related diversity approaches to ( N = 1,747) minority and ( N = 1,384) majority students’ school belonging and achievement (self-reported grades) 1 year later. Multiculturalism predicted smaller belonging and achievement gaps over time; colorblindness and assimilationism were related to wider achievement and belonging gaps, respectively. Longitudinal effects of colorblindness on achievement were mediated by (less) prior school belonging.
Postnational memory: Narrating the Holocaust and the Nakba
Authors: Khoury Nadim
Published: April 2019

At the heart of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict rages a struggle between two foundational tragedies: the Jewish Holocaust and the Palestinian Nakba. The contending ways in which both events are commemorated is a known feature of the conflict. Less known are marginal attempts to jointly deliberate on them. This article draws on such attempts to theorize a postnational conception of memory. Deliberating on the Holocaust and the Nakba, it argues, challenges the way nationalism structures ‘our’ and ‘their’ relationship to the past. While nationalism seeks the congruence of memory and territory, postnationalism challenges this congruence. Doing so entails (i) extending the communicative bounds of memory beyond national members, (ii) disrupting the territorialization of memory along national lines, and (iii) critically revising national narratives in light of a cosmopolitan memory. The article explores these three dimensions and offers a typology that differentiates the way nationalism and postnationalism mediate our relationship to the past.
Ileal perforation caused by a fish bone shortly after drug-eluting stent implantation for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Zhao Sheng-Gang , Xu Jian-Jiang , Xu Li , Zheng Ji-Feng , Zhou Zhong-Cheng , Jiang Li-Qin
Published: April 2019

During the past century, the incidence of myocardial infarction has markedly increased worldwide. Percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation is often considered as the first-choice treatment, especially in emergency cases. Current guidelines recommend delayed elective noncardiac surgery for such vulnerable patients. However, few suggestions are available regarding the exact treatment strategy for patients who have already undergone percutaneous coronary intervention but suddenly need emergent noncardiac surgery for an unrelated reason. We herein present a case involving a patient with acute myocardial infarction who had undergone implantation of a drug-eluting stent and developed an ileal perforation due to fish bone ingestion 3 days postoperatively. After carefully balancing the risks of stent thrombosis and uncontrollable bleeding, dual antiplatelet therapy and low-molecular-weight heparin were given with close monitoring. Emergency laparotomy and partial small bowel resection surgery were then performed, after which the patient eventually recovered. This case indicates a possible management strategy for patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by emergency noncardiac surgery.
Feeling like a caiman: Bodily experiences of corruption
Authors: Gomez-Temesio Veronica
Published: April 2019

When I started exploring water access in Senegal, the goal of my research was to test the legal-rational Weberian paradigm through an ethnography of the everyday experience of the State. In the central region of the country, a team of servants attached to the Water Supervisory Ministry were charged with the maintenance of water access. Citizens mostly depicted these agents as “caimans”: Greedy predators who were always asking for money. Witnessing illegal transactions on the field, yet they did not seem to all belong to the same moral world. Asking the protagonists to explain themselves always led to a dead end. Another type of ethnographic engagement was required. To access the inner life of the corporation, I came to work as an apprentice. Or, more accurately, to make sense of my presence I was offered the role of the apprentice by my informants. When it all began as a way of witnessing illegal transactions, my apprenticeship led me to build trust and feelings. As an apprentice, I became part of the moral economy of a particular group of street-level bureaucrats. Being an apprentice gave me a position where I could not only become a good observer or listener but a decent feeler. Accordingly, this article addresses ethnography not only as a method but as a positionality.
Clinical Presentation and Outcome in Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated With N-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Children
Authors: Kornitzer Jeffrey , Taha Firas , Segal Eric
Published: April 2019

Objective:

We present the diagnostic and clinical course of the first multicenter case series of pediatric patients with autoimmune encephalitis associated with N-type voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies.

Methods:

Data from 2 university hospitals were retrospectively reviewed and records of 3 patients with autoimmune encephalitis associated with N-type voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies were evaluated.

Results:

The 3 pediatric patients (all female) had symptoms that spanned the clinical spectrum. All 3, however, had regression of expressive language and agitation. Neuroimaging in all 3 patients was normal; electroencephalographic (EEG) findings varied among the 3 patients. Positive titers against the N-type voltage-gated calcium channel antibody were found in their cerebrospinal fluid. Following administration of intravenous immunoglobulin, all 3 had improvement in their core presenting symptoms.

Conclusion:

Autoimmune encephalitis associated with N-type voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies in the pediatric population presents with a wide clinical spectrum, although expressive language delay and agitation seem to be common symptoms. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin improves core symptoms.
Contexts of Belonging: Toward a Multilevel Understanding of Caring and Engagement in Schools
Authors: Walls Jeff , Ryu Jisu , Fairchild Linda , Johnson Jason
Published: April 2019

Policy makers are increasingly attentive to the importance of supportive school climates, even as many students report that schools seem to be uncaring places. Using recent scholarship that foregrounds the organizational and contextual dimensions of educational caring and student engagement, we use qualitative case study interview data to examine these concepts in two schools. We find that organizational and contextual factors such as students’ sense of continuity and the manner and degree of staff collaboration have important implications for caring, student engagement, and school climate writ broadly. Implications for policy makers and education leaders are discussed.
Investigation of tool wear in single point incremental sheet forming
Authors: Josue da Silva Pablo , Alvares Alberto J
Published: April 2019

This article presents a proposal for a new method to evaluate tool wear incremental sheet forming process. Incremental sheet forming is an innovative forming process with a high interest in fields of the industry due to its low preparation cost and high flexibility, allowing the production of small batches at a reduced cost. Among the various types of incremental sheet forming processes, the single point incremental sheet forming is the most cost-effective, and unfortunately, the single point incremental sheet forming process has high dimensional errors. In order to understand the process and its dimensional errors better, this article shows the study of tool wear and the quality of surface finish with the generated data can correlate with the tool life. The study is carried out by means of a sequence of experimental tests of galvanized steel sheet conformation by altering the stamping parameters (vertical step in, feed and rotation) and capturing the values of the surface roughness of the parts, the forming tool wear and processing time. After the completion of the tests, the classical formulation of the Taylor equation was utilized to obtain a mathematical model capable of estimating the lifetime of the single point incremental sheet forming tool associated with a tool wear value and the desired dimensional accuracy in relation to the processing parameters for the part or tool pair analyzed in a computer numerical control machine tool. The results of the study present an original model of prediction of tool wear in relation to the input parameters for the single point incremental sheet forming process; the overall error rate is 33.44% for the wear model of prediction and 35.94% for the lifetime model of prediction.
Optimized artificial potential field algorithm to multi-unmanned aerial vehicle coordinated trajectory planning and collision avoidance in three-dimensional environment
Authors: Tang Jun , Sun Jiayi , Lu Cong , Lao Songyang
Published: April 2019

Multi-unmanned aerial vehicle trajectory planning is one of the most complex global optimum problems in multi-unmanned aerial vehicle coordinated control. Results of recent research works on trajectory planning reveal persisting theoretical and practical problems. To mitigate them, this paper proposes a novel optimized artificial potential field algorithm for multi-unmanned aerial vehicle operations in a three-dimensional dynamic space. For all purposes, this study considers the unmanned aerial vehicles and obstacles as spheres and cylinders with negative electricity, respectively, while the targets are considered spheres with positive electricity. However, the conventional artificial potential field algorithm is restricted to a single unmanned aerial vehicle trajectory planning in two-dimensional space and usually fails to ensure collision avoidance. To deal with this challenge, we propose a method with a distance factor and jump strategy to resolve common problems such as unreachable targets and ensure that the unmanned aerial vehicle does not collide into the obstacles. The method takes companion unmanned aerial vehicles as the dynamic obstacles to realize collaborative trajectory planning. Besides, the method solves jitter problems using the dynamic step adjustment method and climb strategy. It is validated in quantitative test simulation models and reasonable results are generated for a three-dimensional simulated urban environment.
Comparing the cup deformation following implantation of a novel ceramic-on-ceramic hip resurfacing bearing to a metal standard in a cadaveric model
Authors: Farrier Adam James , Moore Lauren , Manning Will , Avila Carolina , Collins Simon N , Holland James
Published: April 2019

Hip resurfacing is an attractive alternative to total hip replacement preserving bone and reducing dislocation risk. Recent metal-on-metal designs have caused failure due to metal wear debris. Ceramic implants may mitigate this risk. Deformation of the acetabular cup can affect the lubrication, producing high friction torques between the femoral head and the cup that would increase wear and/or lead to cup loosening due to femoral head clamping. Our objective was to quantify the deformation of a novel monobloc ceramic hip resurfacing cup component compared to a metal standard, in a fresh frozen cadaveric model using a press-fit technique representative of standard surgical conditions. For this study eight acetabula were prepared from four fresh frozen cadavers. One surgeon with extensive experience in hip resurfacing surgery (J.H.) prepared the acetabulum by sequential reaming. The implants were then impacted into the acetabulum. Four ceramic and four metal implants were used of equal and varying size. Deformation was measured peri-implantation, and at 30 min, using an optical high-precision deformation sensor (GOM GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany). The maximum inscribed circle and the measurement of radial segment techniques were used. Deformation was greater in the metal implants (mean: 34–22mm) immediately after implantation. At 30 min after implantation, the deformation increased to 36mm in the metal and 26mm in the ceramic cup. Greater diameter changes were observed in larger cups. Metal and ceramic implants did not return to the initial diameter. We conclude the ceramic resurfacing acetabular implants undergo similar deformation to existing metal-on-metal implants. The deformation observed was significantly less in the ceramic component at 30 min on one measure. Less deformation may result in better surface conditions and wear characteristics. Deformation change did not resolve after 30 min for both implants.
Infrared thermography of high-speed grinding of bone in skull base neurosurgery
Authors: Shakouri Ehsan , Mirfallah Parham
Published: April 2019

For skull base tumor removal neurosurgery, skull bone grinding is required. During this process, temperature rise occurs, which may result in an irrecoverable thermal damage. In the present research, temperature variations during bone grinding have been studied. Experimental tests have been conducted in 27 states in terms of the parameters of rotational speed (three states), feed rate (three states), and cutting depth (three states) on bovine femur bone samples. Attempts have been made to determine optimal processing conditions for minimizing thermal damage during the surgery through infrared thermography and measuring thermal variations of the bone. The results indicated that the temperature rise of the bone has a direct relationship with the parameters of rotational speed, feed rate, and cutting depth. In other words, with elevation of each of these parameters, temperature rise was also intensified. Out of the cutting parameters, rotational speed had the maximum impact on temperature rise, followed by cutting depth and feed rate. Therefore, to reduce the extent of thermal damage incurred to the neural tissue, the minimum values for the cutting parameters are proposed as follows: rotational speed = 45000 r min−1, feed rate = 20–30 mm min−1 with depth of cut = 0.25 mm, and feed rate = 20 mm min−1 with cutting depth = 0.50 mm.
Mechanism of Action of Antimalarial Drugs: Inhibition of Antigen Processing and Presentation
Authors: Fox Robert I. , Kang Ho-Il
Published: April 2019

Recent studies have elucidated the steps involved in the association of antigenic peptides with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encoded proteins and have suggested how antimalarial compounds might influence this important site of immune activation. These steps of antigen presentation in the macrophage (or other antigen-presenting cells) include: (a) the partial proteolytic degradation of endogenous and exogenous proteins into peptides within the lysosome; (b) the synthesis of MHC class II (i.e. HLA-D associated) α, β, and invariant (Ii) chains in the endoplasmic reticulum; (c) the initial association of α-Ii and β-li chains in the endoplasmic reticulum and the transport of these complexes to the primary endosome; (d) the fusion of lysosomal vacuoles and endosomal vacuoles, allowing the mixtures of lysosomal enzymes, peptides, α–Ii and β–Ii; (e) the displacement of Ii chains by peptides to form α–β–peptide complexes in the endosome; and (f) the migration of α–β–peptide complexes to the macrophage cell surface where they can stimulate CD4 T cells, resulting in release of cytokines. A low pH is required for digestion of the protein by acidic hydrolases in the lysosome, for assembly of the α–β–peptide complex and for its transport to the cell surface. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are weak diprotic bases that can diffuse across the cell membrane and raise the pH within cell vesicles. This background provides the underlying basis for the theory that antimalarials may act to prevent autoimmunity by the following putative mechanism. Antimalarial compounds may: (a) stabilize the α-Ii and β-Ii interactions and prevent low-affinity peptides from forming α–β–peptide complexes; and (b) interfere with the efficient movement of α-Ii, β-Ii and α–β–peptide complexes to the correct locations within the cell cytoplasm or to the cell surfaces. Decreased presentation of autoantigenic peptides by macrophages might then lead to downregulation of autoimmune CD4+ T cells and diminish release of cytokines associated with clinical and laboratory signs of autoimmune disease.
Role of antimalarials in rheumatoid arthritis – the British experience
Authors: Davis MJ , Woolf AD
Published: April 2019

Antimalarials have been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for over 40 years, the first report of suggestive efficacy being published in 1951. Over the years they have become part of the established treatment of RA being one of a category of drugs referred to as disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). The onset of action with antimalarials is slow. Most patients use these drugs in combination with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics. This article reviews the evidence for the efficacy of antimalarials, their place in comparison to other DMARDs and comments on the current use in RA as perceived in British rheumatology.
Endothelial Progenitor Cells Conditioned Medium Supports Number of GABAergic Neurons and Exerts Neuroprotection in Cultured Striatal Neuronal Progenitor Cells
Authors: Santo Stefano Di , Seiler Stefanie , Andres Robert , Widmer Hans Rudolf
Published: April 2019

There is growing evidence that stem and progenitor cells exert regenerative actions by means of paracrine factors. In line with these notions, we recently demonstrated that endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-derived conditioned medium (EPC-CM) substantially increased viability of brain microvascular cells. In the present study, we aimed at investigating whether EPC-CM supports cell survival of cultured striatal progenitor cells. For that purpose, primary cultures from fetal rat embryonic (E14) ganglionic eminence were prepared and grown for 7 days in vitro (DIV). EPC-CM was administered from DIV5–7. Treatment of the striatal cultures with EPC-CM resulted in significantly increased densities of GABA-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, but not of the ROCK pathway, significantly attenuated the EPC-CM induced increase in GABA-ir cell densities. Similar results were observed when EPC-CM was subjected to proteolytic digestion and lipid extraction. Furthermore, inhibition of translation abolished the EPC-CM induced effects. Importantly, EPC-CM displayed neuroprotection against 3-nitropropionic acid induced toxicity. These findings demonstrate that EPC-derived paracrine factors substantially promote survival and/or differentiation of cultured striatal progenitor cells involving both proteinaceous factors and lipidic factors. In sum, EPC-CM constituents might lead to a novel cell-free therapeutic strategy to challenge neuronal degeneration.
Everyday ethical challenges of nurse-physician collaboration
Authors: Sabone Motshedisi , Mazonde Pelonomi , Cainelli Francesca , Maitshoko Maseba , Joseph Renatha , Shayo Judith , Morris Baraka , Muecke Marjorie , Wall Barbra Mann , Hoke Linda , Peng Lilian , Mooney-Doyle Kim , Ulrich Connie M
Published: April 2019

Background:

Collaboration between physicians and nurses is key to improving patient care. We know very little about collaboration and interdisciplinary practice in African healthcare settings.

Research question/aim:

The purpose of this study was to explore the ethical challenges of interdisciplinary collaboration in clinical practice and education in Botswana Participants and research context: This qualitative descriptive study was conducted with 39 participants (20 physicians and 19 nurses) who participated in semi-structured interviews at public hospitals purposely selected to represent the three levels of hospitals in Botswana (referral, district, and primary).

Ethical considerations:

Following Institutional Review Board Approval at the University of Pennsylvania and the Ministry of Health in Botswana, participants’ written informed consent was obtained.

Findings:

Respondents’ ages ranged from 23 to 60 years, and their duration of work experience ranged from 0.5 to 32 years. Major qualitative themes that emerged from the data centered on the nature of the work environment, values regarding nurse–doctor collaboration, the nature of such collaboration, resources available for supporting collaboration and the smooth flow of work, and participants’ views about how their work experiences could be improved.

Discussion:

Participants expressed concerns that their work environment compromised their ability to provide high-quality and safe care to their patients. The physician staffing structure was described as consisting of a few specialists at the top, a vacuum in the middle that should be occupied by senior doctors, and junior doctors at the bottom—and not a sufficient number of nursing staff.

Conclusion:

Collaboration between physicians and nurses is critical to optimizing patients’ health outcomes. This is true not only in the United States but also in developing countries, such as Botswana, where health care professionals reported that their ethical challenges arose from resource shortages, differing professional attitudes, and a stressful work environment.
Foreign Exchange Exposure of Indonesian Listed Firms
Authors: Anisak Nurul , Mohamad Azhar
Published: April 2019

Foreign exchange exposure or exchange rate exposure is the risk that a firm’s cash flows and earnings may be affected by exchange rate movements. For multinationals that have several subsidiaries overseas, exchange rate movements may have an adverse effect on a huge number of contractual transactions. The exchange rate movements may have an impact on future cash flows, generated by the firm’s production and marketing operations. For example, a rising Indonesian rupiah may result in Indonesian goods becoming more expensive, leading to Indonesian exporters selling less in the future, resulting in unfavourable future cash flows. Lower future cash flows mean the firm’s stock valuation may decline and investors may not be attracted to investing in the firm’s stock. In this paper, we examine the effect of exchange rate movements on Indonesian listed firms’ stock prices using a multivariate model with six bilateral exchange rates. We further add a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH (1,1)) model for each of 100 Indonesian listed firms’ monthly closing prices from the period of January 1994 through to November 2015, and the GARCH (1,1) results are summarized and presented in Tables 1 – 4 , 7 and 8 . We find a total of 80 per cent of our sample firms to have significant exchange rate exposure. The overall results show that most of the Indonesian listed firms under study are exposed to Japanese yen, Great Britain pound and Malaysian ringgit. We posit that this sensitivity of their stock prices may be due to the fact that most of these Indonesian firms are net importers. Interestingly, the agricultural sector comes out as the most stable sector, having the least exposure and exhibiting stable performance during the Asian financial crisis of 1997/1998. For overall exchange rate exposure across all firms, we run a pooled generalized least squares model. We find that the exchange rate exposure of the Indonesian sample firms is time-variant, or in other words, very much dependent on the subperiods (before crisis, during crisis and after crisis) under study.
Gender Preference and Child Labor in Indonesia
Authors: Abang Ali Dayang Haszelinna binti , Arabsheibani Reza
Published: April 2019

This study examines the prevalence of son preference among ever-married women aged between 15 and 49 years in Indonesia. A continuing longitudinal socioeconomic and health survey data, Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS, Wave 4) 2007, were used by implementing multiple classification analysis (MCA) as a method to analyze interrelationships between several predictor variables and a dependent variable within the context of an additive model. The variables used were women’s characteristics including age, education, number of living and died children, covering both rural and urban areas. The findings revealed that son preference remained as the principal determinant for future birth even after controlling the effect of factors and covariates. In addition, factors such as having at least one son in the family, married late in life, and level of educations highly influenced the desire among Indonesian women for future birth.