bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolução de atributos físicos de solo em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária
Authors: Conte Osmar , Flores João Paulo Cassol , Cassol Luís César , Anghinoni Ibanor , Carvalho Paulo César de Faccio , Levien Renato , Wesp Cristiane de Lima
Published: December 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das alturas de pastejo e dos sucessivos ciclos de pastejo sobre os atributos físicos do solo, em um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária. O experimento foi implantado em 2001, na região do Planalto Médio, RS, em um Latossolo Vermelho, com o cultivo consorciado de azevém (Lolium multiflorum) e de aveia-preta (Avena strigosa), sob pastejo contínuo, no inverno, e o cultivo de soja (Glycine max) no verão. Os tratamentos consistiram de diferentes intensidades de pastejo, definidas pela altura da pastagem (10, 20, 30 e 40 cm), tendo-se utilizado uma área sem pastejo como controle. Foram avaliadas a densidade e a porosidade do solo após o ciclo de pastejo e de cultivo da soja, bem como a resistência mecânica do solo à penetração e a estabilidade de agregados no sétimo ano do experimento. Não houve alterações significativas na densidade e na porosidade do solo após sete anos em integração lavoura-pecuária. A resistência do solo à penetração é maior na camada superficial após o ciclo de pastejo. A agregação do solo aumenta nas áreas pastejadas, independentemente da intensidade de pastejo.
Desenvolvimento reprodutivo de tourinhos Gir selecionados para produção de leite
Authors: Martins J.A.M. , Souza F.A. , Ferreira M.B.D. , Gonçalves P.E.M. , Emerick L.L. , Dias J.C. , Leite T.G. , Graça D.S. , Andrade V.J. , Vale Filho V.R.
Published: December 2011

O estudo visou identificar tourinhos Gir precoces e não precoces quanto à puberdade e avaliar diferenças durante seu desenvolvimento reprodutivo. Peso vivo e perímetro escrotal foram mensurados mensalmente junto com a coleta e a avaliação física e morfológica do sêmen de 16 animais, dos 13 aos 23 meses de idade. Animais precoces foram mais leves na pré-puberdade e apresentaram menores idades à puberdade e à maturidade sexual - 17,0 e 18,7 meses -, respectivamente, - em relação aos não precoces - 19,2 e 20,5 meses, respectivamente. A motilidade aumentou na pré-puberdade dois meses mais cedo nos animais precoces - 1,75% a 18,4% dos 14 aos 17 meses - em relação aos não precoces - 2,5% a 12,4% dos 15 aos 18 meses de idade. Registrou-se aumento mais cedo da concentração espermática em animais precoces, a qual foi maior - 660 milhões/mL - aos 23 meses em relação aos animais não precoces -66.7 milhões/mL. As diferenças observadas no desenvolvimento dos dois grupos foram favoráveis aos animais precoces e indicam que a seleção para a maturidade sexual precoce é indicada para a antecipação da fase reprodutiva de touros Gir.
Características zootécnicas de touros da raça Nelore submetidos a um programa de seleção para precocidade sexual
Authors: Lima F.P.C. , Bergmann J.A.G. , Xavier P.R. , Marques Jr A.P.
Published: December 2011

Foram utilizados 24 tourinhos da raça Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) divididos em três grupos de oito animais cada, de acordo com o perímetro escrotal (PE): Grupo 1 (G1) - PE acima de 22,8cm; Grupo 2 (G2) - PE entre 21,6 e 22,6cm; e Grupo 3 (G3) - PE entre 20,1 e 21,2cm. Para a análise da área de olho do lombo (AOL) e espessura de gordura (EG), os 24 animais foram divididos em dois grupos : G1 (mais precoces) e G2 (menos precoces), classificados de acordo com a idade em que cada animal atingiu a puberdade. O G1 apresentou maior PE à puberdade e menor peso à desmama em comparação ao G2 e ao G3. As medidas de AOL não apresentaram diferenças entre os grupos G1 e G2. Os animais do G1 atingiram a precocidade sexual em idade menor, enquanto a deposição de gordura maior e mais cedo ocorreu nos animais do G2, considerados mais tardios. A utilização de características zootécnicas em um programa de seleção para precocidade sexual pode constituir um avanço para a produtividade pecuária, aumentando os ganhos genéticos e diminuindo os custos de produção.
Interferência da condição climática na integridade de espermatozoides ovinos submetidos à criopreservação
Authors: Silva S.V. , Soares A.T. , Batista A.M. , Almeida F.C. , Guerra M.M.P.
Published: December 2011

Avaliou-se a integridade de espermatozoides ovinos colhidos e criopreservados em diferentes situações climáticas na região semiárida do estado da Paraíba. As colheitas de sêmen foram realizadas em duas épocas do ano, período seco e período chuvoso, utilizando cinco machos adultos da raça Santa Inês, com histórico favorável de fertilidade. Os ejaculados foram avaliados quanto à motilidade, vigor, concentração e morfologia espermática, após a formação do pool e diluição em Tris-gema, na concentração final de 240x10(6) espermatozoides/mL. Motilidade total e vigor espermático não diferiram entre as épocas seca e chuvosa. Valores de integridade do acrossoma e da membrana plasmática, e o potencial de membrana mitocondrial foram mais baixos (P<0,05) na época com menor índice pluviométrico. Conclui-se que a reprodução de ovinos criados na região do semiárido paraibano sofre ação da condição climática e sugere-se que a criopreservação de espermatozoides ovinos seja realizada no período de maior índice pluviométrico na região.
Intracranial variables in propofol or sevoflurane-anesthestized dogs subjected to subarachnoid administration of iohexol
Authors: Nunes N. , Leite A.V. , Paula D.P. , Nishimori C.T.D. , Souza A.P. , Santos P.S.P. , Guerrero P.N. Henao , Lopes P.C.F.
Published: December 2011

The effects of subarachnoid administration of iohexol on intracranial hemodynamic in dogs anesthetized with propofol or sevoflurane were evaluated. Thirty adult animals (10.9±2.9kg) were distributed into two groups: PG, where propofol was used for induction (10±0.5mg/kg), followed by a continuous rate infusion at 0.55±0.15mg/kg/hour, and SG, where sevoflurane was administered for induction (2.5 MAC) and for anesthetic maintenance (1.5 MAC). A fiberoptic catheter was implanted on the right superficial cerebral cortex to monitor intracranial pressure (ICP). After 30 minutes, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected at the cisterna magna and iohexol was injected. The measurements were performed before CSF collection (TA), after the iohexol injection (T0), and at 10-minute intervals (T10 to T60). Intracranial pressure decreased at T0 in SG. Cerebral perfusion pressure at T0 was higher than at TA, T50 and T60 in PG, but in SG, the mean value at T0 was higher than the ones from T20 to T60. Mean arterial pressure at T0 was higher than at TA in PG, while in SG, the values from T20 to T60 were lower than at T0. The heart rate at T60 was lower than at T0 in PG. Cardiac output at TA was lower than at T60 in SG. The cerebrospinal fluid collection and administration of iohexol promoted decrease in intracranial pressure in sevolflurane-anesthetized dogs and increase in cerebral perfusion pressure in propofol-anesthetized dogs.
Bispectral index in dogs with high intracranial pressure, anesthetized with propofol and submitted to two levels of FiO2
Authors: Lopes P.C.F. , Nunes N. , Dias L.G.G.G. , Pereira Neto G.B. , Almeida R.M. , Souza A.L.G. , Belmonte E.A.
Published: December 2011

The effects of inspired oxygen fractions (FiO2) of 1 and 0.6 on bispectral index (BIS) in dogs with high intracranial pressure, submitted to a continuous rate infusion of propofol were evaluated. Eight dogs were anesthetized on two occasions, receiving, during controlled ventilation, an FiO2 = 1 (G100) or an FiO2 = 0.6 (G60). Propofol was used for induction (10mg.kg-1, IV), followed by a continuous rate infusion (0.6mg.kg-1.minute-1). After 20 minutes, a fiber-optic catheter was implanted on the surface of the right cerebral cortex to monitor the intracranial pressure, the baseline measurements of BIS values, signal quality index, suppression ratio number, electromyogram indicator, end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure, mean arterial pressure, intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure were taken. Then, the blood flow from the right jugular vein was interrupted in order to increase intracranial pressure and after 20 minutes additional recordings were performed at 15-minute intervals (T0, T15, T30, T45 and T60). The arterial oxygen partial pressure varied according to the changes in oxygen. For the other parameters, no significant differences were recorded. The BIS monitoring was not influenced by different FiO2.
Perfis clínico e hematológico de camundongos submetidos ao envenenamento escorpiônico experimental por Tityus fasciolatus
Authors: Guimarães P.T.C. , Pinto M.C.L. , Melo M.M.
Published: December 2011

Estudou-se o quadro clínico do veneno decorrente do envenenamento por Tityus fasciolatus e sua ação refletida nos componentes hematológicos no modelo murino. Para o estudo do perfil hematológico, foram utilizados 54 camundongos Swiss CF1, machos, com 30g, distribuídos em três grupos (G) (n=18) inoculados via subcutânea com: 50µL de PBS (G1); 24µg de veneno de T. fasciolatus (G2) e 8µg de veneno de T. serrulatus (G3). Cada grupo foi subdividido em três subgrupos (n=6) de acordo com o momento da coleta de sangue que foi estipulada em uma, oito e 24h após a inoculação do veneno, e foram realizados o hemograma e a dosagem de proteínas totais e fracionadas. O veneno de T. fasciolatus na dose de 24µg causou piloereção, comportamento nociceptivo, secreção nasal e oral acentuada, dispneia, prurido na face e reflexos exacerbados. No exame hematológico, foram observadas policitemia relativa e leucocitose com linfocitose.
Uso de células mononucleares da medula óssea no tratamento de tendinites induzidas experimentalmente em equinos
Authors: Oliveira P.G.G. , Alves A.L.G. , Carvalho A.M. , Hussni C.A. , Watanabe M.J. , Amorim R.L. , Rodrigues M.M.P. , Mota L.S.
Published: December 2011

Foram induzidas lesões no tendão flexor digital superficial (TFDS) de ambos os membros anteriores de seis equinos, seguidas de implante autólogo de células da fração mononuclear de medula óssea em apenas um membro de cada animal. Os animais foram avaliados por parâmetros clínicos, ultrassonográficos, histopatológico e imunoistoquímico. Paralelamente, realizou-se o cultivo de novas amostras para a caracterização das células utilizando-se marcadores CD34 e CD45 por meio da citometria de fluxo, confirmando a presença de células mesenquimais na fração mononuclear. A caracterização das fibras colágenas tipo I e tipo III no tecido neoformado mostrou melhora na qualidade da cicatrização tendínea dos membros tratados. A terapia com implante autólogo das células da fração mononuclear melhorou a organização tecidual e a sua qualidade, apresentando maior expressão significativa para colágeno tipo I.
Suplementação da dieta de codornas com minerais nas formas orgânicas sobre o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos
Authors: Gravena R.A. , Marques R.H. , Picarelli J. , Silva J.D.T. , Roccon J. , Hada F.H. , Queiroz S.A. , Moraes V.M. B.
Published: December 2011

Foram realizados três experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da suplementação de minerais na forma orgânica na dieta de codornas japonesas na fase de postura sobre o desempenho e a qualidade de ovos das aves. Os níveis de minerais utilizados por kg de ração, para cada experimento, foram: controle, 0,35, 0,70 e 1,05mg de Se orgânico (experimento 1); controle, 50, 100 e 150mg de Zn orgânico (experimento 2) e controle, 60, 120 e 180mg de Mn orgânico (experimento 3). As aves foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, sendo oito aves por parcela e seis repetições por tratamento. Foram avaliadas as características de desempenho - consumo diário de ração, peso dos ovos, porcentagem de postura, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos e por dúzia de ovos e viabilidade - e qualidade dos ovos - unidade Haugh, índice gema, porcentagens de casca, albúmen e gema, espessura de casca e gravidade específica. O Zn orgânico suplementado à dieta melhorou o desempenho das aves e a qualidade dos ovos, o Mn orgânico melhorou a qualidade da casca e reduziu o peso dos ovos e o Se não apresentou efeitos sobre as características avaliadas.
Balanço eletrolítico da dieta e desempenho de frangos em condições naturais de estresse calórico
Authors: Matos M.B. , Ferreira R.A. , Couto H.P. , Savaris V.D.L. , Soares R.T.R.N. , Oliveira N.T.E.
Published: December 2011

Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação de eletrólitos sobre o desempenho de frangos, utilizando bicarbonato de sódio (NaHCO3) e cloreto de potássio (KCl) para ajuste do balanço eletrolítico da dieta (BED) com duas porcentagens de proteína bruta (PB). Utilizaram-se 800 frangos machos, alojados em 20 boxes, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos, cinco repetições e 40 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram: dieta basal; dieta sem redução de PB suplementada com eletrólitos para ajuste do BED para 250mEq/kg; dieta com redução de PB, sem suplementação de eletrólitos; e dieta com redução de PB, com eletrólitos para ajuste do BED para 250mEq/kg. Foram avaliados: consumo da dieta, peso final, ganho de peso, ganho de peso médio diário, conversão alimentar e calórica e eficiência de utilização de nitrogênio e lisina nas fases de sete a 21 e de sete a 42 dias. Não se observaram diferenças (P>0,05) no consumo da dieta. A correção do BED com menor teor de PB melhorou (P<0,05) o peso final, na fase inicial. Houve piora (P<0,05) no ganho de peso e na conversão alimentar nas duas fases. A redução de três pontos percentuais na PB da dieta piorou o desempenho dos frangos.
Consumo e desempenho produtivo de ovinos alimentados com dietas que continham coprodutos do desfibramento do sisal
Authors: Santos R.D. , Pereira L.G.R. , Neves A.L.A. , Brandão L.G.N. , Araújo G.G.L. , Aragão A.S.L. , Brandão W.N. , Souza R.A. , Oliveira G.F.
Published: December 2011

Avaliaram-se o desempenho produtivo e o consumo de nutrientes e frações fibrosas em ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo coprodutos do desfibramento do sisal, Agave sisalana. Foram utilizados 24 ovinos, machos, alojados em baias individuais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro dietas isoproteicas, em que: i) dieta padrão, contendo 38% de volumoso (silagem de milheto) e 62% de concentrado (milho, farelo de soja e ureia); ii) inclusão de 20% da silagem de mucilagem do sisal em substituição à silagem de milheto; iii) inclusão de 20% da silagem de mucilagem associada ao pó da batedeira como aditivo em substituição à silagem de milheto; iv) inclusão de 20% do feno da mucilagem em substituição à silagem de milheto. O peso corporal final, os ganhos médio diário e total e a conversão alimentar dos ovinos não foram influenciados pelas dietas avaliadas (P>0,05). Os consumos dos nutrientes, em g/dia e em %PC e g/kg0,75, não sofreram influência das dietas. Os resultados indicam que as dietas à base de coprodutos do sisal podem ser utilizadas como alternativa volumosa, além de possibilitar o aumento da rentabilidade da atividade na região semiárida brasileira.
Biodisponibilidade do P e digestibilidade aparente do N em dietas de suínos suplementadas com níveis crescentes de fitase, balanceadas de acordo com o conceito de proteína ideal
Authors: Moreira J.A. , Berenchtein B. , Vitti D.M.S.S. , Patino R. M. , Silva T. S. , Santos T.T. , Lopes J.B.
Published: December 2011

Avaliaram-se o efeito de inclusão crescente de fitase (unidade de fitase - UF) em dietas para suínos na fase de crescimento pela técnica de diluição isotópica. Foram utilizados 20 suínos, machos castrados, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos - 0, 250, 500, 750 e 1000UF/kg da ração - e quatro repetições. Os animais foram alojados em gaiolas metabólicas por 17 dias, sendo 10 dias para adaptação e sete dias para coleta de fezes e urina. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas por cinco dias. No primeiro dia da fase experimental, cada animal recebeu por via endovenosa em solução radioativa com 7,4MBq de 32P. A Quantum Phytase foi eficiente em disponibilizar o P fítico para suínos em crescimento até 750UF/kg de dieta, sendo que 500UF/kg da ração foi o indicado para dietas à base de milho e farelo de soja, formuladas de acordo com o conceito de proteína ideal.
Ocorrência de Aeromonas sp. e microrganismos psicrotróficos e estimativa do prazo de validade comercial de filé de pintado (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans) mantidos sob refrigeração
Authors: Lanzarin M. , Almeida Filho E.S. , Ritter D.O. , Mello C.A. , Corrêa G.S.S. , Ignácio C.M.S.
Published: December 2011

Verificou-se a ocorrência de bactérias do gênero Aeromonas e estimou-se o prazo de validade comercial de filés de pintado (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans) com pele, durante estocagem em refrigeração por meio da quantificação de microrganismos heterotróficos aeróbios psicrotróficos e análises físico-químicas para determinação do pH e detecção de amônia e gás sulfídrico. Foram utilizadas 45 amostras de filé de pintado, com aproximadamente 100 gramas cada, embaladas individualmente em polietileno de alta densidade e armazenadas em câmara frigorífica entre 0ºC e 3ºC. A cada dois a três dias de estocagem, três unidades de filés foram submetidas a análises microbiológicas e físico-químicas, totalizando 15 análises durante o período de estocagem. As contagens de Aeromonas sp. e microrganismos heterotróficos aeróbios psicrotróficos variaram de 1,89 a 9,47logUFC/g e 0 a 6,54logUFC/g, respectivamente. A variação do pH foi de 6,20 a 6,97, e as análises de amônia e gás sulfídrico foram negativas durante todo o período. O pH dos filés de pintado atingiu o limite máximo de 6,4 aos 23 dias de estocagem, e estimou-se o seu prazo de validade comercial.
Queijo de minas artesanal da Serra da Canastra: influência da altitude das queijarias nas populações de bactérias acidolácticas
Authors: Resende M.F.S. , Costa H.H.S. , Andrade E.H.P. , Acúrcio L.B. , Drummond A.F. , Cunha A.F. , Nunes A.C. , Moreira J.L.S. , Penna C.F.A.M. , Souza M.R.
Published: December 2011

Amostras de queijo de minas artesanal foram coletadas em 18 queijarias localizadas em propriedades rurais da região da Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da altitude sobre a população de bactérias acidolácticas. As queijarias estavam distribuídas nas altitudes de 600 a 900m, 900 a 1000m e mais de 1000m. Observaram-se populações mais elevadas de bactérias acidolácticas nas amostras de queijo da altitude de 600 a 900m. Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei e Lactobacillus plantarum foram os principais microrganismos isolados e identificados por PCR ARDRA 16S-23S rDNA, além de Enterococcus spp., Lactococcus spp. e outras espécies de Lactobacillus. Sugere-se que estas espécies estejam adaptadas ao ambiente de produção do queijo de minas artesanal produzido na região, o que resultaria em características sensoriais próprias do produto.
Rotinas burocráticas e linguagens do estado: políticas de registros estatísticos criminais sobre mortes violentas no Rio de Janeiro e em Buenos Aires
Authors: Miranda Ana Paula Mendes de , Pita María Victoria
Published: December 2011

Este artigo parte do interesse em produzir uma base de dados comparável das regiões metropolitanas do Rio de Janeiro e de Buenos Aires. Ao longo da pesquisa verificou-se que para atingir tal objetivo seria necessária a explicitação dos processos técnicos e das competências políticas que, no Brasil e na Argentina, deram lugar a modos específicos de produção de informação em matéria de criminalidade, com destaque às conjunturas particulares que levaram, em cada caso, a que os dados oficiais sobre criminalidade fossem objeto de disputas políticas, e à existência de conflitos intra e interinstitucionais. O que era, também, matéria de que se nutria a "opinião pública" quando o debate sobre a segurança pública ascendia no ranking da agenda pública. Tal abordagem permite concluir que as cifras falam mais sobre as instituições que a produziram do que sobre a criminalidade ou sobre a situação das mortes violentas nas regiões metropolitanas do Rio de Janeiro e de Buenos Aires. Portanto, neste artigo, tratar-se-á de apresentar como esses dados, para poderem ser considerados comparáveis entre regiões metropolitanas tão próximas e tão distantes como Buenos Aires e Rio de Janeiro, necessitaram ser (de)compostos e (des)agregados para poder-se compará-los e lê-los como indicadores de formas violentas de resolução de conflitos.
Luta social por reconhecimento: dilemas e impasses na articulação pública do desrespeito
Authors: Ventura Tereza
Published: December 2011

O artigo faz uma reconstrução da teoria de Honneth sobre o reconhecimento da imputabilidade moral e social e sua complexa articulação com a formação da identidade e de seus estados de luta. Mostra-se a inter-relação entre a comunidade de valores e as condições morais das relações jurídicas. Ou seja, os ideais de justiça e os critérios pelos quais os grupos sociais avaliam moralmente o seu meio social estão mais presentes no sentimento de desrespeito do que em uma formulação racional e crítica aos princípios de valor vigente. O desafio que se coloca é se essas zonas de conflito normativo são capazes de atingir a visibilidade e o potencial de articular e coordenar uma luta social que integre os meios semânticos, simbólicos, materiais e imateriais para além das redes emotivas e morais por em que circulam cotidianamente, sem que se deixem cooptar politicamente ou se traduzir publicamente por uma semântica inadequada a suas pretensões de reconhecimento.
Derrotas eleitorais e carreiras políticas: o caso do PT no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Louault Frédéric
Published: December 2011

O objetivo do artigo é mostrar a importância das derrotas na competição eleitoral, revertendo assim o enfoque clássico da análise eleitoral. Muitas vezes esquecido (ou deixado de lado) nos trabalhos de Ciência Politica, o tema da derrota eleitoral levanta problemáticas cruciais para compreender o jogo politico democrático. Estudando as experiências eleitorais do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) no Rio Grande do Sul entre 1982 e 2008, apresentamos alguns desafios das derrotas eleitorais no que diz respeito a construção das carreiras de candidatos e colaboradores: reações às derrotas e aceitação das regras do jogo; mobilização de recursos e mobilidades no campo político; rupturas políticas e saídas do espaço político profissional. Na primeira parte desse trabalho, propomos o modelo sociológico da caminhada (e mais precisamente o "submodelo bifurcativo") como quadro de análise que permite renovar a análise clássica das relações entre derrotas eleitorais e carreiras políticas. Sobre essa base, mostramos que algumas derrotas podem constituir elementos de perturbação e influenciar o percurso do pessoal político. Seguidamente, concluímos o trabalho apresentando algumas formas concretas de bifurcações direta ou indiretamente geradas por derrotas eleitorais: as bifurcações menores e as bifurcações radicais.
Mapping Giant Reed (Arundo donax) Infestations along the Texas–Mexico Portion of the Rio Grande with Aerial Photography
Authors: Yang Chenghai , Everitt James H. , Goolsby John A.
Published: December 2011

Giant reed is an invasive weed throughout the southern half of the United States, with the densest stands growing along the coastal rivers of southern California and the Rio Grande in Texas. The objective of this study was to use aerial photography to map giant reed infestations and to estimate infested areas along the Texas–Mexico portion of the Rio Grande. Aerial color-infrared photographs were taken along the Rio Grande between Brownsville and El Paso, TX, in June and July 2002. Based on the aerial photographs and ground surveys, the portion of the river from San Ygnacio to Lajitas, which has a river length of 898 km (558 mi), was found to be infested with giant reed. To estimate infested areas along both sides of the river, 65 (13.5%) of the 480 aerial photographs taken between Lajitas and San Ygnacio were randomly selected. The aerial photographs were digitized, rectified to Google Earth imagery, and then classified using maximum-likelihood classification techniques. The infested areas on both sides of the river, as well as water area and river length, from each photographic image were determined. Based on the estimates from the 65 aerial photos, the ratio of giant reed area to water area and the ratio of giant reed area to river length were calculated. The total giant reed area along the Rio Grande between Lajitas and San Ygnacio was estimated to be 5,981 ha (14,779 ac) with 3,714 ha or 62% on the U.S. side and 2,267 ha or 38% on the Mexican side. This study provides the first accurate estimates of giant reed infestations along the Texas–Mexico portion of the Rio Grande and will be useful for both land owners and government agencies for the estimation of water usage and economic loss and for the management and control of giant reed.
Efficiency and Accuracy of Wildland Weed Mapping Methods
Authors: Christensen Stephanie D. , Ransom Corey V. , Edvarchuk Kimberly A. , Rasmussen V. Philip
Published: December 2011

Land managers must set weed management priorities if limited resources are to be utilized effectively. Weed surveys and inventories assist land managers in this process by providing information regarding the identity, location, and relative abundance of weeds on their land. Although this information is vital, it can be challenging to select a method that provides the necessary data to meet management objectives while remaining accurate and cost effective. This paper critically evaluates four wildland weed mapping methods. These methods were defined as (1) paper-drawn, (2) buffered-point, (3) screen-drawn, and (4) perimeter-walked. Polygons were drawn by hand on topographic maps in the paper-drawn method. The other methods utilized handheld geographic positioning system (GPS) technology to digitally record infestations. Six experienced weed mappers independently recorded the location and size of eight sagebrush patches using each method. Time and accuracy were evaluated for each method based upon mapping time, distance walked, horizontal precision error, estimated size error, and shape error. The paper-drawn method was significantly less accurate than GPS-based methods at recording patch size and location. There was no significant difference in the accuracy of the buffered-point, screen-drawn, and perimeter-walked methods at reporting patch size and location. The need to cover land area quickly and efficiently favors the selection of the buffered-point or screen-drawn method because of time and distance factors. However, if patch shape is an important factor, the perimeter-walked or buffered-point methods may be the best choices of methods tested.
The pomelo peel and derived nanoscale-precision gradient silica foams
Authors: Van Opdenbosch Daniel , Thielen Marc , Seidel Robin , Fritz-Popovski Gerhard , Fey Tobias , Paris Oskar , Speck Thomas , Zollfrank Cordt
Published: December 2011

In this work, the three-dimensional (3D) structure and replication of pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel as silica on several hierarchical levels is reported. The native peel as well as mineralized and calcined replica were assessed by their dimensional changes and their structures investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Computed x-ray microtomography yielded a detailed 3D model of the gradient foam structure, demonstrating the true replication of the entire structure on the millimeter and micrometer scales. SAXS evidenced the replication of the single cellulose fibrils on the nanometer scale. This work therefore demonstrates the possibility of transforming complex low-density polysaccharide templates into silica with nanometer precision, yielding inorganic, temperature-resistant gradient foam structures.
Correlates of Women’s Sexual Assault Disclosure to Informal and Formal Support Sources
Authors: Starzynski Laura L. , Ullman Sarah E. , Filipas Henrietta H. , Townsend Stephanie M.
Published: December 2011

Deciding which people to tell about sexual assault is an important and potentially consequential decision for sexual assault survivors. Women typically receive many different positive and negative reactions when they disclose sexual assault to social support sources. A diverse sample of adult sexual assault survivors in the Chicago area was surveyed about sexual assault experiences, social reactions received when disclosing assault to others, attributions of blame, coping strategies, and PTSD. Analyses were run to identify demographic, assault, and postassault factors differentiating women disclosing to informal support sources only from those disclosing to both informal and formal support sources. Women disclosing to both formal and informal support sources experienced more stereotypical assaults, had more PTSD symptoms, engaged in less behavioral self-blame, and received more negative social reactions than those disclosing to informal support sources only. Implications for future research and intervention are discussed.
Psychological Impact of Writing About Abuse or Positive Experiences
Authors: Aldridge Antal Holly M. , Range Lillian M.
Published: December 2011

Writing often helps people deal with trauma. To see if writing about childhood physical or sexual abuse, or positive experiences, helps, psychology undergraduates wrote for 20 minutes on 4 days about their abuse, a positive experience, or a trivial topic. Among 102 who began and 85 who completed pre-, post-, and 4-week follow-up measures of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideas, abuse writers were more likely to discontinue, and positive writers were more depressed and anxious. Compared to pretest, all completers were less depressed, anxious, and suicidal at follow-up, but nonsignificantly different in health visits. Completers who wrote about abuse rated the study as more valuable than did those who wrote about positive experiences. College students who wrote about childhood physical or sexual abuse benefited from any type of structured writing assignment (where they interacted with a researcher and got extra credit) in terms of reduced anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideas, but they found value in writing about their trauma more than writing about innocuous topics.
If I Can’t Have You, No One Can: Development of a Relational Entitlement and Proprietariness Scale (REPS)
Authors: Hannawa Annegret F. , Spitzberg Brian H. , Wiering Liesbeth , Teranishi Christy
Published: December 2011

Relational proprietariness and entitlement have been theoretically related to partner violence following the threat of relationship dissolution. To date, however, no measure has been employed to verify such accounts. A multistage item pool development and refinement strategy was employed, resulting in a 32-item measure with strong construct validity. An online survey administered to 279 students resulted in an interpretable factor structure of sexual proprietariness and entitlement, consisting of social, behavioral, and information control, and a potential factor of face threat reactivity. These factors added unique variance to the prediction of instrumental and expressive aggression, were related to self-esteem and attachment, and were not contaminated by social desirability. Recommendations for bolstering the face threat reactivity factor and future studies are suggested. This measure provides a new tool that contributes to the prediction of intimate partner violence.
An Examination of Pathways From Childhood Victimization to Violence: The Role of Early Aggression and Problematic Alcohol Use
Authors: Widom Cathy Spatz , Schuck Amie M. , White Helene Raskin
Published: December 2011

Using prospective data from a cohort design study involving documented cases of child abuse and neglect and a matched control group, we examine two potential pathways between childhood victimization and violent criminal behavior: early aggressive behavior and problematic drinking. Structural equation models, including controls for race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, parental alcoholism, and parental criminality, revealed different pathways for men and women. For men, child maltreatment has direct and indirect (through aggressive behavior and problematic alcohol use) paths to violence. For women, problematic alcohol use mediates the relationship between childhood victimization and violence, and, independent of child maltreatment, early aggression leads to alcohol problems, which lead to violence. Interventions for victims of childhood maltreatment need to recognize the role of early aggressive behavior and alcohol problems as risk factors for subsequent violence.
Phytogeographical analysis of vascular flora of Ravni Srem flood forests (Vojvodina, Serbia)
Authors: Jurisic Branislav , Obratov-Petkovic Dragica , Bjedov Ivana , Bojat Nenad , Stevanovic Vladimir
Published: December 2011

The aim of phytogeographical analysis was to determine the plant species
origin, genesis and migrations. The study results contribute to the knowledge
of phytogeographical classification of the particular regions. The flora
structure and composition was determined based on the effects of different
chorions. The aim of the floristic research of flood forests of Ravni Srem
was to identify the diversity of flora in the region, i.e., in a wider sense,
the diversity of flora in Serbia. The phytogeographical analysis was based on
floristic research. The identified plant species were classified into the
corresponding floral elements, area groups, and area types. The data on their
diversity and the degree of representation in the flora of Ravni Srem flood
forests were obtained based on the percentage of each area type. It was
concluded that the character of the flora of Ravni Srem flood forests was
transitional, mostly Eurasian-Central European.
Soil pro pert ies in sessile oak fore sts (Quercetum montanum typicum Cer. et Jov. 1953) in the are a of Fruska Gora
Authors: Knezevic Milan , Babic Violeta , Galic Zoran , Kosanin Olivera
Published: December 2011

The soils formed on sandstones in sessile oak forests (Quercetum montanum
typicum Cer. et Jov. 1953) were researched in the area of Fruska Gora. On
permanent sample plots established in management units ?Cortanovacka
Forest-Hopovo-Velika Remeta? and ?Beocin-Manastir-Katanske Livade-Osovlje?,
in the are of NP ?Fruska Gora?, aiming at the monitoring of the effect of
light regime on the development of sessile oak progeny in the given
environmental conditions, based on the morphogenetic characteristics of the
soil and analytic values of the soil properties, and based on the soil
classification by Skoric et al. (1985), the following two soil types were
defined: acid brown soil (dystric cambisol), and illimerised soil (luvisol).
Acid brown soil belongs to the form of medium deep soils, and illimerised
soil is classified as deep soil.
Typological classification and the existing condition of artificially established sycamore maple and Norway maple stands in the protective forest belt
Authors: Milosevic Rajko
Published: December 2011

The study results on the typological classification of the artificially
established sycamore maple and Norway maple stands included in the
shelterbelt along the ?Belgrade-Zagreb? highway are presented. The
environmental conditions of the sycamore and Norway maple plantation have
been typologically defined in specific typological entitities at the
ecological level (ecological units). In this context, the specific site
conditions were characterised and defined as: a) Forest of common oak
(Tilio-Quercetum crassiusculae typicum) on leached chernozem, b) Forest of
common oak (Tilio-Quercetum crassiusculae typicum) on moderately deep to deep
calcareous chernozem, c) Forest of common oak (Tilio-Quercetum crassiusculae
typicum) on shallow to moderately deep calcareous chernozem. The
inter-relationship between sycamore maple and Norway maple regarding the
ecological and coenological optimum differs within the above ecological
units. The diversity reflects the sycamore and Norway maple bioecology and
the site typology of the particular ecological units.
Wood dimensions and value in the Austrian pine plantations in Forest Estate "Sombor"-Forest Unit "Subotica"
Authors: Rankovic Nenad , Vuckovic Milivoj
Published: December 2011

The relationship and interaction between quantitative (number and dimensions
of trees) and value indicators in Austrian pine plantations were researched
in Forest Management Unit ?Suboticke Sume? (Forest Estate ?Sombor? - FA
?Subotica?). As the measurement of quantitative elements is more simple,
their effect on wood value can be used as a rather reliable support in the
value estimation of standing trees. The analysis of the research results
shows that there is a strong inter-relationship of the study elements, so
they can be a good foundation for the estimation of standing timber value in
artificial Austrian pine plantations at the given site.
Speleological exploration results for Kamena Gora and Petnja, SW Serbia
Authors: Nesic Dragan , Rabrenovic Milan
Published: December 2011

Speleomorphological exploration in the Kamena Gora village area and Petnja
depression, parts of the Jabuka-Babine plateau bordering on Montenegro in the
extreme SW of Serbia, is described in this paper in the sections on
morphology, survey methods and general speleomorphologic and morphogenetic
features of caves. The results of particular note are the two cave systems in
Petnja depression: the Petnja Caves 551 m long and the Kurtova Jama system
650 m long, the latter probably being one of major speleologic features in
Serbia. The big and small Mujova Caves and Bezdan are the three caves
explored in Kamena Gora. The exploration should be continued at a general
survey level.
Regularities of cartographic generalization of the density of river basin and proportion of the degree of generalization on the maps of different scales
Authors: Filipovic Ivan , Radivojevic Aleksandar , Dimitrijevic Ljiljana
Published: December 2011

Cartographic generalization of the rivers is a very complex process in
cartography. Cartographic generalization involves reduction of water flows,
their length, width and the density of river basin with the reducing of the
map scale. In this study we analyzed the ratio of the density of river basin
and the size of the degree of generalization of the maps of different scale.
The example is the Velika Morava river basin. Based on the results given here
we get to the basic regularities of proportion of the degree of
generalization of the density of river basin.
Phase composition of Bi2O3 specimens doped with Ti, Zr and Hf
Authors: Poleti Dejan , Karanovic Ljiljana , Zdujic Miodrag , Jovalekic Cedomir
Published: December 2011

Powder mixtures of ?-Bi2O3 containing 2, 5 and 10 mole % of TiO2, ZrO2 or
HfO2 were homogenized, heated at 820?C for 24 h and quenched in air. X-ray
powder diffraction technique was used to characterize the prepared samples.
In all cases metastable Bi2O3 polymorphs, ?-Bi2O3 or ?-Bi2O3, are found as
single or major phases. Addition of Ti4+ ions stabilizes ?-Bi2O3 polymorph,
while either Zr4+ or Hf4+ ions stabilize ?-Bi2O3 polymorph. In the samples
with 2 and 5 mole % of TiO2 the presence of even two ?-Bi2O3 phases
(Bi12TiO20 compound and a very low Ti-doped ?-Bi2O3) was established.
Similarly, in the sample with 2 mole % of HfO2 two ?-Bi2O3 phases were found.
Phase composition of prepared samples, values of unit cell parameters and the
appearance of two polymorphs with identical crystal structure but different
unit cell parameters are discussed and compared with known data.
Native Teachers' Beliefs and Practices: Choosing Language and Cultural Revitalization over Uniformity and Standardization
Authors: Yazzie-Mintz Tarajean
Published: December 2011

The goal of implementing a culture-based curriculum that draws upon indigenous knowledge, traditions, and language is currently in competition with demands placed on schools by high stakes educational reform to implement a standards-based curriculum in schools. Though often left out of the policy conversation, Native teachers in particular have much to contribute to understandings of how such reform discourse may derail Indigenous-centered discussions about education. This article draws from interview and observational data collected during a three-year (2005–2008) qualitative study of Native teacher beliefs and practices. Participants in the study included nine teachers who implement a language- and culture-based curriculum. Classroom observations, interviews, and focus groups were conducted to gather information about instructional practices in one Native language immersion school (pre-kindergarten to third grade). Findings indicate the teachers' perspectives on the ways in which their language instruction is compromised in light of pressures to teach to narrow conceptions of academic subject knowledge emergent from high-stakes policy and testing discussions. Teachers are neither passive recipients of curricular goals nor passive instructional directors of standards-based curriculum. Recommendations include cautioning tribal nations to find ways to buffer outside high stakes pressures impacting promising practices of immersion language teachers in early childhood education.
A Contested Space: The Dialogic Intersection of ICT, Multiliteracies, and Early Childhood
Authors: Hesterman Sandra
Published: December 2011

If students are to be equipped with skills necessary to meet the challenging and diverse demands of different forms of communication brought about by the introduction of new technologies, then a broader definition of literacy is required. A pedagogy of multiliteracies recognises that there are multiple modes of representation that communicate meaning beyond language alone. As debate on information and communication technology (ICT) integration and literacy definition intensifies, early childhood teachers contemplate how they will accommodate these changes. How will early childhood education facilitate young children's use of ICT to support multiliteracies learning? This study investigated how two Western Australian teachers integrated ICT to support multiliteracies learning in early childhood classrooms. Two case studies, constructed over a nine-month period and employing ethnographic methodology, illustrated how different curricular, pedagogical, and classroom designs impact on children's early literacy experiences. An analysis across the two cases illuminated how different pedagogy, definitions, support, resources and curriculum shaped the dialogic intersection of ICT and multiliteracies in early childhood education.
On the Human Challenges of Multiliteracies Pedagogy
Authors: Simon Rob
Published: December 2011

Drawing on examples from classroom practice, this article explores implications of regarding multiliteracies pedagogy in early childhood settings as relationally and culturally situated. The author argues that investigating human dimensions of multiliteracies pedagogy involves interrogating assumptions about children and their capacities—viewing their cultural legacies and languages as powerful resources for teaching and learning, embedded in social contexts and relationships—as well as teachers—considering their positions in classrooms as sites from which theories of literacy learning can not only be applied, but also developed.
Contextual Worlds of Child Art: Experiencing Multiple Literacies through Images
Authors: Binder Marni
Published: December 2011

This article draws from a larger study that examines the multiple literacies inherent in children's drawings. The author discusses a qualitative research project conducted with a split grade one and two classroom in Toronto, Canada. She argues that pictorial images can be read as a form of literacy, where thought is made public through visual narratives. The author's prime focus was to interpret the children's artwork as communication on a par with other semiotic modes and to explore the images as an important vehicle for teaching and learning.
Accessing Pedagogical Territories That Can't Be Put into Words: Using Video to Build Understandings of Children's Multimodal Meaning-Making
Authors: Haggerty Maggie
Published: December 2011

This article outlines ways in which video can further our understanding of how different modes of communication and meaning-making shape learning and learners in the early years. It focuses on a dramatic play and writing episode videoed during a three-year action research study investigating children's use of different semiotic modes in the curriculum of a New Zealand kindergarten. It highlights the capacity of video to enable closer attention to be paid to the pedagogical significance of modes such as the visual, gestural, mimetic, spatial and kinaesthetic as well as the verbal. It explores how differences in media (e.g. computer, video, book, screen) interact with differences in mode, and the ways in which the collaborative viewing of video recordings of ‘everyday’ episodes in early childhood settings, by teachers, researchers and parents, can serve as a platform for inquiry about children's meaning-making processes.
On the Use of Grounded Theory as a Basis for Research on Strategic and Emerging Technologies in Accounting
Authors: Sutton Steve G. , Reinking Jeff , Arnold Vicky
Published: December 2011

Research on emerging technologies in accounting has often proven difficult to conduct while maintaining the meaningfulness of a new technology-driven phenomena and the rigor expected for accounting research. Grounded theory is proposed in this paper as a method that has not been oft used in the discipline, but may be highly applicable in such an emergent domain. Grounded theory was first put forth by Glaser and Strauss (1967); but in subsequent years, each of the authors has diverged from the other in their perspectives on how “good” grounded research should be conducted. We explore and compare the two approaches to grounded theory as an introduction for researchers who may find the research method desirable in their research. We also overview a program of research in the area of B2B e-commerce risk and assurance that applies grounded theory in an emerging technology area of accounting, providing both an overview and critique of its implementation. We conclude with some perspectives on the use of grounded theory for emerging technologies research in accounting. An objective of the paper is to help researchers know when to pursue a grounded theory approach and to provide the foundations for undertaking such an endeavor.
A well-posed multiscale regularization scheme for digital image denoising
Authors: Prasath V.
Published: December 2011

A well-posed multiscale regularization scheme for digital image denoising

We propose an edge adaptive digital image denoising and restoration scheme based on space dependent regularization. Traditional gradient based schemes use an edge map computed from gradients alone to drive the regularization. This may lead to the oversmoothing of the input image, and noise along edges can be amplified. To avoid these drawbacks, we make use of a multiscale descriptor given by a contextual edge detector obtained from local variances. Using a smooth transition from the computed edges, the proposed scheme removes noise in flat regions and preserves edges without oscillations. By incorporating a space dependent adaptive regularization parameter, image smoothing is driven along probable edges and not across them. The well-posedness of the corresponding minimization problem is proved in the space of functions of bounded variation. The corresponding gradient descent scheme is implemented and further numerical results illustrate the advantages of using the adaptive parameter in the regularization scheme. Compared with similar edge preserving regularization schemes, the proposed adaptive weight based scheme provides a better multiscale edge map, which in turn produces better restoration.