bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns of RNA Editing in Newcastle Disease Virus Infections
Authors: Jadhav Archana , Zhao Lele , Ledda Alice , Liu Weiwei , Ding Chan , Nair Venugopal , Ferretti Luca
Published: November 2020

The expression of accessory non-structural proteins V and W in Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infections depends on RNA editing. These proteins are derived from frameshifts of the sequence coding for the P protein via co-transcriptional insertion of one or two guanines in the mRNA. However, a larger number of guanines can be inserted with lower frequencies. We analysed data from deep RNA sequencing of samples from in vitro and in vivo NDV infections to uncover the patterns of mRNA editing in NDV. The distribution of insertions is well described by a simple Markov model of polymerase stuttering, providing strong quantitative confirmation of the molecular process hypothesised by Kolakofsky and collaborators three decades ago. Our results suggest that the probability that the NDV polymerase would stutter is about 0.45 initially, and 0.3 for further subsequent insertions. The latter probability is approximately independent of the number of previous insertions, the host cell, and viral strain. However, in LaSota infections, we also observe deviations from the predicted V/W ratio of about 3:1 according to this model, which could be attributed to deviations from this stuttering model or to further mechanisms downregulating the abundance of W protein.
Functional Analyses of Bovine Foamy Virus-Encoded miRNAs Reveal the Importance of a Defined miRNA for Virus Replication and Host–Virus Interaction
Authors: Cao Wenhu , Stricker Erik , Hotz-Wagenblatt Agnes , Heit-Mondrzyk Anke , Pougialis Georgios , Hugo Annette , Kuźmak Jacek , Materniak-Kornas Magdalena , Löchelt Martin
Published: November 2020

In addition to regulatory or accessory proteins, some complex retroviruses gain a repertoire of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) to regulate and control virus–host interactions for efficient replication and spread. In particular, bovine and simian foamy viruses (BFV and SFV) have recently been shown to express a diverse set of RNA polymerase III-directed miRNAs, some with a unique primary miRNA double-hairpin, dumbbell-shaped structure not known in other viruses or organisms. While the mechanisms of expression and structural requirements have been studied, the functional importance of these miRNAs is still far from understood. Here, we describe the in silico identification of BFV miRNA targets and the subsequent experimental validation of bovine Ankyrin Repeat Domain 17 (ANKRD17) and Bax-interacting factor 1 (Bif1) target genes in vitro and, finally, the suppression of ANKRD17 downstream genes in the affected pathway. Deletion of the entire miRNA cassette in the non-coding part of the U3 region of the long terminal repeats attenuated replication of corresponding BFV mutants in bovine cells. This repression can be almost completely trans-complemented by the most abundant miRNA BF2-5p having the best scores for predicted and validated BFV miRNA target genes. Deletion of the miRNA cassette does not grossly affect particle release and overall particle composition.
Major Controls on Streamflow of the Glacierized Urumqi River Basin in the Arid Region of Northwest China
Authors: Saydi Muattar , Tang Guoping , Fang Hong
Published: November 2020

Understanding the main drivers of runoff availability has important implications for water-limited inland basins, where snow and ice melt provide essential input to the surface runoff. This paper presents an analysis on the runoff response to changes in climatic and other controls of water-energy balance in an inland glacierized basin, the Urumqi River basin, located in the arid region of northwest China, and identifies the major control to which runoff is sensitive across the basin’s heterogeneous subzones. The results indicate that the runoff is more sensitive to change in precipitation in the mountainous headwaters zone of the upper reach, and followed by the impact of basin characteristics. In contrast, the runoff is more sensitive to changes in the basin characteristics in the semiarid and arid zones of the mid and lower reaches. In addition, the change in basin characteristics might be represented by the distinct glacier recession in the mountainous upper reach zone and the increasing human interferences, i.e., changes in land surface condition and population growth, across the mid and lower reach zones. The glacier wasting contributed around 7% on average to the annual runoff between 1960 and 2012, with an augmentation beginning in the mid-1990s. Findings of this study might help to better understand the possible triggers of streamflow fluctuation and the magnitude of glacier wasting contribution to runoff in inland glacierized river basins.
Pleistocene Branchiopods (Cladocera, Anostraca) from Transbaikalian Siberia Demonstrate Morphological and Ecological Stasis
Authors: Zharov Anton A. , Neretina Anna N. , Rogers D. Christopher , Reshetova Svetlana A. , Sinitsa Sofia M. , Kotov Alexey A.
Published: November 2020

Pleistocene water bodies have been studied using the paleolimnological approach, which traces environmental changes using particular subfossils as ecological proxies, rather than analysis of the paleocommunities themselves. Within a given taphocoenosis, the presence and quantity of animals are related to environmental conditions rather than to community types where relationships between taxa are stabilized during their long-term co-occurrence and are (at least partially) more important than the particular environmental conditions at the time of deposition, which may have experienced significant seasonal and inter-seasonal variations. Here, we analyze Branchiopoda (Crustacea) of two paleolocalities in the Transbaikalian Region of Russia: Urtuy (MIS3) and Nozhiy (older than 1.5 million years). Cladocerans Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) magna, D. (C.) similis, D. (Daphnia) pulex, Ceriodaphnia pulchella-reticulata, C. laticaudata, Simocephalus sp., Moina cf. brachiata, M. macropopa clade, Chydorus cf. sphaericus, Capmtocercus sp. and anostracans Branchinecta cf. paludosa, and Streptocephalus (Streptocephalus) sp. are found in two localities. With the exception of the last taxon, which now occurs in the southern Holarctic, all other taxa inhabit the Transbaikalian Region. Within Eurasia, the steppe zone has the greatest diversity of large branchiopods and a high diversity of some cladocerans, such as subgenus Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) and Moina sp. Here we demonstrated that the branchiopod community in shallow steppe water bodies has been unchanged since at least the Pleistocene, demonstrating long-term morphological and ecological stasis.
Hydrological Variability Impact on Eutrophication in a Large Romanian Border Reservoir, Stanca–Costesti
Authors: Dumitran Gabriela Elena , Vuta Liana Ioana , Popa Bogdan , Popa Florica
Published: November 2020

Climate change represents one of the major challenges of our century with great potential to alter water quality, and hence, find suitable solutions becomes a must. Stanca–Costesti reservoir is one of the most important in Romania and one of the most affected by the hydrologic variability. The studies regarding the trophic state of this reservoir are few, even if there are some environmental issues in its hydrological basin that could be further investigated. According to the National Administration “Apele Romane” (ANAR) yearly reports, the Stanca–Costesti reservoir is, from the trophic state point of view, an oligotrophic lake. The current research is based on chemical and some biological data collected over 10 years (ANAR) for the trophic state of the Stanca–Costesti reservoir, using the Carlson index. The research investigates the hydrological data and spans over 10 years that were classified into three categories, namely: wet year, normal year, and dry year and the influences generated by the contrasting weather (flow and temperature changes) on the trophic state of the lake. The research findings show that the trophic state of the lake is directly influenced by the hydrological variability, namely evolving to a hypertrophic status due to concentrations of nutrients. Moreover, over the years, according to ANAR data, the water quality in the reservoir alternated. Hence, at times, the quality of the water was poor, with possible negative influences on water usage. As a consequence, we proposed that the water quality be verified monthly, and this should be done by means of a more reliable method, such as a multiparameter index or multicriteria analysis.
2019–2020 Australia Fire and Its Relationship to Hydroclimatological and Vegetation Variabilities
Authors: Ehsani Mohammad Reza , Arevalo Jorge , Risanto Christoforus Bayu , Javadian Mostafa , Devine Charles John , Arabzadeh Alireza , Venegas-Quiñones Hector L. , Dell’Oro Ambria Paige , Behrangi Ali
Published: November 2020

Wildfire is a major concern worldwide and particularly in Australia. The 2019–2020 wildfires in Australia became historically significant as they were widespread and extremely severe. Linking climate and vegetation settings to wildfires can provide insightful information for wildfire prediction, and help better understand wildfires behavior in the future. The goal of this research was to examine the relationship between the recent wildfires, various hydroclimatological variables, and satellite-retrieved vegetation indices. The analyses performed here show the uniqueness of the 2019–2020 wildfires. The near-surface air temperature from December 2019 to February 2020 was about 1 °C higher than the 20-year mean, which increased the evaporative demand. The lack of precipitation before the wildfires, due to an enhanced high-pressure system over southeast Australia, prevented the soil from having enough moisture to supply the demand, and set the stage for a large amount of dry fuel that highly favored the spread of the fires.
Past, Present, and Future of Virtual Water and Water Footprint
Authors: Ma Weijing , Opp Christian , Yang Dewei
Published: November 2020

Virtual water and water footprint have received increasing attention. However, no published research has conducted a quantitative and objective review of this field from the perspective of bibliometrics. Therefore, based on the Web of Science Core Collection, this study employs CiteSpace to quantitatively analyze and visualize information about countries, institutions, and authors that have conducted virtual water and water footprint research over the past two decades. As of July 2020, there were 1592 publications on virtual water and water footprint, showing an increasing trend overall. The annual average number of publications was only 7.4 in 1998–2008, while it was 126.5 in 2009–2019. Among them, up to 618 publications in the field of environmental science, accounting for 46%. China was the most productive country with a total of 344 articles, but the Netherlands had the strongest influence with a betweenness centrality of 0.33, indicating its leading position. It is essential to strengthen cooperation between developed (water-rich) and developing (water-poor) countries and to incorporate virtual water into social water cycle research. This study is expected to provide a new perspective for investigating the research frontiers and hot spots of virtual water and water footprint research.
Mitigation of Urban Pluvial Flooding: What Drives Residents’ Willingness to Implement Green or Grey Stormwater Infrastructures on Their Property?
Authors: Pagliacci Francesco , Defrancesco Edi , Bettella Francesco , D’Agostino Vincenzo
Published: November 2020

As a consequence of climate change, the impact of pluvial flooding is expected to increase in the next decades. Despite citizens’ poor knowledge, several types of stormwater infrastructure can be implemented to mitigate the impact of future events. This paper focuses on the implementation of green and grey stormwater interventions (i.e., with or without vegetation) on private properties. Framed by the Protection Motivation Theory, a survey-based case study analysis, carried out in a pluvial flooding-prone area of the Veneto Region (Italy), highlights the main factors driving people’s willingness to implement these interventions. The analysis shows that the implementation of grey stormwater infrastructures is driven by the perceived threat and the amount of past pluvial flooding damage (i.e., the direct experience as a proxy of prior knowledge) while the implementation of green stormwater infrastructures is driven also by additional factors (awareness of these interventions, age and education level of the citizens). Based on these results, lack of knowledge on innovative stormwater interventions represents a critical barrier to their implementation on private properties, and it confirms the need for specific dissemination and information activities.
Measurement of Flux at Sediment–Water Interface Using a Seepage Meter under Controlled Flow Conditions
Authors: Lee Changyong , Kim Wonbin , Jeen Sung-Wook
Published: November 2020

The accuracy of groundwater flux measurement using a seepage meter was evaluated through a series of laboratory experiments under controlled flow conditions. Simulated groundwater influx and outflux rates were measured using a seepage meter, and the results were compared with the known water flux rates in our controlled tank flow system. Differences induced by the use of two different types of collection bag (Types 1 and 2) were also evaluated. The slopes of the trend lines between the controlled influx rate and influx as measured by the seepage meter were 0.6669 (for Type 1 bag) and 0.8563 (for Type 2 bag), suggesting that the groundwater influx rate as measured by the seepage meter may be less than the actual rate. This may be due to the resistance of the collection bags and head loss induced at the tubing orifice. With respect to outflux measurement, the slopes of the trend line were 1.3534 (for Type 1 bags) and 1.4748 (for Type 2 bags), suggesting that the outflux rate as measured by the seepage meter may be more than the actual rate. The size and wall thickness of the collection bag used affected the measured flux rates. This study suggests that, as long as errors can be identified, seepage meters can be a reliable means of studying groundwater–surface water interactions.
The effectiveness of web advertising, its legal regulation and the problem of information systems security
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Proshkina Samira Ilgarovna
Published: November 2020

The work is devoted to an urgent problem — the study of the evolutionary dynamics of web advertising, its assessment and effectiveness, as well as the problem of legal support and security of information systems. The goal is a systematic analysis of web advertising in an unsafe information field, its relevance and criteria for assessing marketing efforts, minimizing risks, maximizing additional profits and image. Research hypothesis — the effectiveness of web advertising is determined by the form of advertising, place of display, location of the block, model of calculation of the advertising campaign. An approach based on the establishment of preferences, partnership between the state and business structures is emphasized. It takes into account the COVID-19 pandemic, a slowdown in the pace and features of the evolution of business companies in self-isolation. The subtasks of influence on the advertising efficiency of the site’s features and web advertising are highlighted. A comprehensive analysis of information and logical security and computational models of web advertising companies was also carried out.
Rice gamete technologies as the aspect of biologization of agroecosystems
Authors:   Federal Scientific Rice Centre, Savenko E.G. , Glazyrina V.A. ,   Federal Scientific Rice Centre, Shundrina L.A. ,   Federal Scientific Rice Centre
Published: November 2020

In vitro gamete technologies are an important source for breeders allowing rapid creation of stable genetic diversity. In addition, biotechnologies are environmentally friendly, resource- and energy-saving. These factors are the basis for the biologization and greening of agriculture. Oryza sativa L. is responsive to the anther culture (AC) in vitro, hence it became possible to obtain doubled haploids (DH) in mass quantity during the year (E.P. Aleshin et al., 1988; R.G. Butenko et al., 1990; T.I. Ditchenko, 2007). This is due to the genetic determination of the processes of callus formation and regeneration. In massive quantities, doubled rice haploids were created. Based on the results of field tests, rice varieties ‘Sonata’, ‘Sonnet’, ‘Ivushka’, ‘Privolny-4’, and ‘Vodopad’ were selected from promising DH lines with a set of economically valuable traits in a short time. They successfully passed breeding tests and are introduced into rice-growing farms of the Krasnodar region.
Change of the integral indicator of the biological condition of the Sorghum bicolor L. rhizosphere under the influence of farming systems and microbial preparations
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Abdurashytova E.R. , Melnichuk T.N. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Abdurashytov S.F. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Egovtseva A.Yu. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea
Published: November 2020

A criterion for assessing the activity of biochemical and microbiological processes in the rhizosphere is necessary to explain the direction of the reaction of organisms, communities or ecosystems in response to anthropogenic influences. The purpose of the research is to assess the influence of farming systems (traditional and no-till) and the complex of microbial preparations (СMP) together with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on microbiological processes in the rhizosphere of S. bicolor using the integral indicator of the biological condition (IIBC). Using IIBС, the direction of biological processes in the sorghum’s rhizosphere was shown. It depended both on the cultivation technology and the use of microbial preparations. IIBС of rhizosphere increased by 9.1% when using CMP and AMF in no-till, which indicated an increase in the biological activity of sorghum plants.
The influence of microbial preparations and farming systems on the structure of the microbocenosis of the rhizosphere of Triticum aestivum L.
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Egovtseva A.Yu. , Melnichuk T.N. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea
Published: November 2020

Microorganisms are the most important bioindicators of the environment and ecological risk assessment. The impact of the no-till farming system in combination with microbial preparations needs to be studied and is an urgent task aimed at preserving fertility. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of pre-sowing inoculation with complex microbial preparations (CMP) and farming systems (no-till and conventional farming system) on the microbocenosis of the rhizosphere of Triticum aestivum L. in the Crimean Steppe. Microbiological analysis of the rhizosphere showed a significant increase in the number of actinobacteria (twice). The number of micromycetes, among which there are many pathogens of various plant diseases, decreased under direct sowing by 23 % as a result of inoculation and amounted to 21.5 thousand CFU/g of soil. The number of cellulose-destroying microorganisms that form soil fertility increased under the influence of microbial preparations by 23 % under conventional farming system (10.0 thousand CFU/g of soil); by 20 % under no-till (15.4 thousand CFU/g of soil). Thus, it was found that the use of microbial preparations under both farming techniques contributed to an increase in the number of microorganisms of most ecological-trophic groups that participate in the transformation of nitrogen in the rhizosphere, enhanced enzymatic processes, reduced the development of pathogenic microbiota and, consequently, contributed to improving the state of soil biocenosis.
Influence of different methods of grafted grapes bacterization on the degree of their protection against phytopatogens at the open stratification
Authors:   Academy of Bioresources and Environmental Management (Academic Unit) of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Zotikov A.Yu. , Yakubovskaya A.I. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea
Published: November 2020

The conducted studies allow us to conclude that the complexes KMP-1 (Diazophyte, Phosphoenterin, and Biopolycid) and KMP-2 (Phosphoenterin, Biopolycid, Aurill, and Azotobacterin) in water dilution 1:10 can be recommended for varieties with increased resistance to phytopathogens during open stratification to protect grafted grape cuttings from phytopathogens, while applying partial (apical) bacterization. The effectiveness of these microbial complexes is of the same standard as the action of the traditional chemical antiseptic Chinosolum at a concentration of 0.5 %.
Influence of microbial preparations on the state of plants and microbial cenosis of the rhizosphere of Tulipa L.
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Klimenko N.N. , Klimenko O.E. ,   The Labour Red Banner Order Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleksandrova L.M. ,   The Labour Red Banner Order Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2020

Our research has shown that the greatest influence on the height of Tulipa L. plants of the ‘Anna Krasavitsa’ (‘AK’) and ‘Blushing Lady’ (‘BL’) varieties had Aurill and Complex of Microbial Preparations (CMP). The tulip plant height increased by 3-8 % compared to control. The height of the flower glass of ‘AK’ and ‘Holland Chic’ (‘HC’) varieties also increased by 6-7 % compared to control when using microbial preparations (MP). The width of the glass also increased by 4-9 % compared to control. The length of the lower leaf increased by 3-7 % compared to control under the action of Aurill and CMP, respectively. The width of the lower leaf of ‘HC’ increased by 3 % under the action of Aurill compared to the control variant. Depending on the variety and the preparation, the number of ammonifying bacteria increased by 57 % relative to control. The number of amylolytic and phosphate mobilizing bacteria increased on average by 76 % and 63 % under the influence of CMP. The number of oligonitrophilic and oligotrophic bacteria, when using CMP, significantly exceeded the control values: on average, by 60 and 74 %, respectively. The number of micromycetes under the influence of Aurill decreased by 49 % compared to control. The number of cellulolytic bacteria increased by 78 % compared to control mainly because of the introduction of CMP into the tulips rhizosphere. Thus, we found that the bacterization of the rhizosphere of tulips with Aurill and CMP positively affected the morphological characteristics of this flower. Furthermore, these preparations contributed to an increase in the number of agronomically valuable bacteria in the rhizosphere of plants.
Effect of Pisum sativum L. seed treatment with the complex of microbiological preparation on the plants’ growth and development under direct sowing
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Zhenchenko K.G. , Turin E.N. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Gongalo A.A. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea
Published: November 2020

We studied the use of the complex microbial preparation (CMP) in 2016-2018 at the experimental field of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea. The soil is southern chernozem. Long-term annual precipitation – 428 mm; long-term annual air temperature – 12 °С. Pisum sativum L. variety – ‘Madonna’. Chemical treating agent Vitavax 200 FF (water suspension concentrate) at the rate of 0.75 l/ha was used in the control variant. Seeds were inoculated with CMP on the day of planting (FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” is the owner of CMP). The composition of the studied complex – 1) symbiotic nitrogen fixers; 2) phosphorus mobilizing microorganisms; 3) microorganisms that inhibit the growth and development of phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. On average, over three years of research, the height of pea plants was the same and amounted to 82.3 cm in the control and 80.7 cm in the experimental variant. The symbiosis of PS and CMP had a significant effect on the number of beans per plant. In the control, 7.6 pieces were formed; under the influence of CMP – 8.6. In our experiments, the grain size was influenced both by the conditions of the growing season in a particular year and the treatment with CMP. The most favorable conditions were in 2016, which contributed to the largest 1000-grain weight (on average 284 g). In extremely arid 2018, the smallest peas were formed (1000-grain weight – 258 g). On average for 2016-2018, the yield in the variant with inoculation was 0.2 t/ha higher. The small Pisum sativum L. yield in 2018 can be explained by the low air humidity and the absence of productive precipitation.
Las políticas públicas de protección de niños y sus efectos a la luz de sus destinatarios
Authors: Ciordia Carolina
Published: November 2020

El artículo analiza desde una perspectiva etnográfica cómo han sido interpretados e implementados en el campo de las políticas públicas de protección de la infancia dos derechos: el de vivir en familia y el de participación, en las situaciones en que se evalúa un cambio en los adultos responsables de los niños. A la luz de los sentidos que construyen los destinatarios de esas políticas, se analizarán las narrativas hegemónicas construidas sobre esos derechos y los efectos de las orientaciones de esas políticas. El análisis se basa en el trabajo de campo realizado en el área metropolitana de Buenos Aires y consta de entrevistas en profundidad de jóvenes adolescentes que atravesaron procesos en que se dirime quienes serán sus responsables.
Matrimonios, bautismos y tierras
Authors: Literas Luciano
Published: November 2020

El siguiente trabajo analiza las características que tuvo el liderazgo de las poblaciones nominadas por el Estado como “indios amigos”, en el transcurso de los últimos años de la Frontera Sur y en los que siguieron a las campañas de ocupación territorial de las Pampas y la Nor-Patagonia, denominadas “Conquista del Desierto” (1879-1885). Más específicamente pone el foco en el matrimonio y el bautismo como prácticas indígenas destinadas a conservar e incrementar las redes de parentesco y por esta razón, como estrategias políticas y sociales para afrontar las adversidades propias de este contexto, evaluando su incidencia en dos aspectos: la formación y consolidación de grupos y la lucha por recursos. Para ello se reconstruye el itinerario y las redes sociales y políticas del cacique Ramón Tripailaf y de sus seguidores.
Risk factors relating to the early complications of acute myocardial infarction after cardios-intervention treatment
Authors: Golovanova I. A. , Oksak G. A. , Khorosh M. V. , Tovstyak M. M.
Published: November 2020

Purpose of the study. Identify the main risk factors for early complications of acute myocardial infarction after cardiac intervention and assess the prognostic risk.

Materials and methods. To collect the statistical material to determine risk factors, the method of copying medical history data was used, and then the odds ratio was calculated. In doing so, we calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Subsequently, the risk of early complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in cardiointerventional intervention by Cox regression was predicted, which took into account the time of patient transportation by EMD team. The object of observation was to identify a patient with AMI who was delivered to a tertiary level of care.

Results. In determining the consequences of cardiovascular intervention, such complications as aneurysm, arrhythmia, decreased ejection fraction, cardiogenic shock, and pulmonary oedema were considered. Most patients experienced improvement in health status – 60,7%, single complication was 18,9%, combined complications – 15,2%, patient death – 4,1%.

Conclusions. By Cox regression analysis, it was proved that the cumulative risk of early GIM complications with cardiovascular intervention increased with 10 minutes of arrival of EMS with established ECG diagnosis (STEMI), which increased the risk of complications 1,9 times p (0,00) p (0,00) p (0,00); the presence of diabetes – 4,259 times, exp (β) 4,259 (p = 0,001); smoking – 2,988 times, exp (β) 2,988 (p = 0,001); increased BMI in the patient – 2 times, exp (β) 2,066 (p = 0,002).
IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY MEASURES TO OPTIMIZE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF CHILDREN WITH OBESITY BASED ON THE STUDY OF THE MAIN ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM
Authors: Ohnev V. A. , Pomohaybo K. G.
Published: November 2020

Purpose of the study. Identify measures to optimize the quality of life of children and adolescents with obesity.

Materials and methods. Bibliographic, statistical and sociological methods.

Results. It is noted an insufficient level of registration of obesity among children. During the study it was found that true prevalence of obesity and overweight in children and adolescents in Kharkiv was 151,0 ± 5,2. 22 factors of risk had a reliable impact on the development of overweight in children and adolescents. The main risk factors for the formation of the overweight were biological and social and hygienic. It was proved that the relative average life quality index of children and adolescents with obesity was 60,7 ± 0,5%, and the most significant were restrictions in the physical (Rx = –6,8) and psychological and emotional (Rx = –4,4) spheres. The revealed shortcomings of medical assistance were: insufficient level of timely detection of the disease, medical-diagnostic process, a very low level of coverage by clinical supervision (29,6 ± 2,7%), insufficient medical and hygienic education of the parents and, as a result and an unreasonable loading on specialized care. Based on the results of the research, the main measures to optimize the quality of life of obese children were identified.

Conclusions. Thus, to solve the problem of obesity in children such structures as local governments, educational institutions, healthcare institutions and public organizations should be obligatory involved. In particular, leading measures to optimize medical care were identified.
Translations of Different Subjects in Different Media and the Cultural Politics of Transliterations
Authors: Jeyasankar S
Published: November 2020

A subject matter is being expressed or communicated in different meaning and in interpretation among people in different ways and in different periods. The subject matter represents the values of social hierarchies as well as the resistance to oppression too.Exploring the differences of meanings and interpretations and reformulate the subject with the participation of the particular societies in order to celebrate the values of differences instead of hierarchies.Transforming hierarchical values into values of differences is a way of decolonizing program.
Thinai Paal Adippadaiyil Sol Pagupaadu
Authors: Kasthuri C
Published: November 2020

This article is based on the Kilaviyakkam of Tolkappiam. All the objects of the world are classified into two as superior and inferior. The rational people, God and Hell, are subdivided into supernatural and irrational living and inanimate into sublime. There is no definition in nouns of what sex it means. But in the verbs the definition of what is meant by sex is clear.
Las pretensiones en el proceso contencioso administrativo
Authors: Salas Ferro Percy
Published: November 2020

La pretensión es una de las instituciones centrales del proceso contencioso administrativo porque incide en su inicio, desarrollo y culminación. En el presente artículo el autor aborda, desde una perspectiva teórico-práctica, los aspectos fundamentales de cada una de las pretensiones que se pueden plantear en el proceso contencioso administrativo; entre ellas, la pretensión de nulidad o ineficacia; la pretensión de reconocimiento o restablecimiento del derecho; la pretensión de declaración contraria a derecho y cese de una actuación material; la pretensión de cumplimiento y la pretensión de indemnización. Con el propósito de contribuir a la adecuada formulación y evaluación de cada una de las pretensiones indicadas, se plantean algunos casos prácticos al final del trabajo
Tutela del consumidor contra cláusulas abusivas
Authors: Rodríguez Chávez Reyler Yulfo
Published: November 2020

En el presente trabajo se abordan los mecanismos de tutela del consumidor contra las cláusulas abusivas en los contratos de consumo que se hayan celebrado por adhesión o con arreglo a cláusulas generales de contratación. Estas modalidades contractuales imperantes en el mercado, si bien tienen la ventaja de establecer relaciones jurídicas patrimoniales entre proveedores y consumidores de manera rápida, eficiente y reduciendo al mínimo los costos de transacción (tiempo, dinero y esfuerzo que demanda contratar en el mercado), son contratos en los cuales el proveedor desarrolla todo su poder económico y su prevalencia en el manejo de la información, incluyendo en el contenido contractual cláusulas abusivas que desequilibran los derechos y obligaciones del consumidor, limitando, reduciendo o excluyendo sus derechos, o aumentando su obligaciones y cargas contractuales en contravención a la buena fe y el equilibrio contractual. Para hacer frente a las cláusulas abusivas, se han instituido un conjunto de mecanismos de tutela del consumidor, que van desde la tutela privada a cargo del consumidor directamente perjudicado o mediante asociaciones representativas de los consumidores e incluso mediante el llamado autocontrol a cargo de los propios proveedores; así como también se cuenta con mecanismos de tutela estatales agrupados en controles de tipo administrativo, legislativo y judicial. La finalidad de todos estos mecanismos de tutela es la de proteger al consumidor previniendo o, en su caso, contrarrestando los efectos perjudiciales que las cláusulas abusivas causen en el contrato de consumo.
Modern concepts of auxin’s action. 1. History of discovery, metabolism, transport
Authors:   Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Dzhamieiev V. Y.
Published: November 2020

Auxin (indolyl-3-acetic acid, IAA) is one of the key classical phytohormones with a very wide range of physiological effects. The first part of the scientific lecture describes the main stages of discovery of the hormone. The main pathways of auxin synthesis in plant tissues, which is carried out in two different ways: tryptophan-dependent and tryptophan-independent, are considered in detail. At the same time, multiple pathways of the auxin formation from tryptophan have been found in plant tissues. Among them, the mechanisms that occur with the formation of such intermediate metabolites as indole-3-acetaldoxime, indole-3-pyruvate and indole-3-acetamide are considered. The indole-3-pyruvate pathway is currently considered the main mechanism of hormone synthesis. Experimental evidence has also been obtained for the functioning of the tryptophan-independent pathway of auxin synthesis, the key enzyme of which is cytoplasmic indole synthase. It is assumed that the precursor of auxin in the tryptophan-independent pathway may be some intermediate metabolite between anthranilic acid and tryptophan. The article also describes the routes of auxin inactivation through the formation of conjugated forms and oxidation. A brief characterization of IAA dioxygenases, belonging to the 2-oxoglutarate-Fe (II)-oxygenases family, which are currently considered the main catalytic systems for auxin oxidation, is presented. The mechanisms and significance of polar and lateral transport of auxin are discussed. The characteristics of transmembrane auxin transporters belonging to the families PIN/PIL, ABCB/PGP and AUX/LAX are given.
Studi Corporate Information Transparency On The Internet (e-CTI) Pada Bursa Efek Indonesia, Malaysia, Dan Thailand
Authors: Alexander Freddy Nathaniel , Suganda Tarsisius Renald , Cahyadi Sendy
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of macro and micro factors on e-CTI in three countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The three countries have a partnership called Indonesia Malaysia Thailand - Growth Triangle (IMT-GT). The research sample consisted of 90 of the most liquid companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (LQ45), the Malaysian Stock Exchange (KLCI), and the Thailand Stock Exchange (SET50). The results showed that the size of the board of directors had an influence on e-CTI. If there are more boards of directors, it will increase its ability to encourage management to be more transparent. With the existence of regulations in the three countries that regulate the duties and responsibilities of the board of directors towards stakeholders, it will encourage management to be more transparent.
Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Dana Desa
Authors: Kristini Mita Ayu , Luhsasi Dwi Iga , Ismanto Bambang
Published: November 2020

This study aims to find about village funds management which focuses on administration and reporting in Bendungan Village, Pabelan District, Semarang Regency in the 2018 budget year. The research method used is qualitative with descriptive type. Data collection techniques are done by observation, interview and documentation. Analysis of the data used according to Miles and Huberman was done interactively and survived to completion. The activities of analyzing qualitative data are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the Bendungan Village Government had applied 5 principles recommended by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), namely transparency, controllability, liability, responsiveness, and responsibility in management the village fund. However, the village head must improve his performance in reporting on the APBDesa Implementation Report in a timely manner.Â
Kepemilikan Publik, Tipe Industri Dan Pengungkapan Lingkungan: Studi Komparatif Indonesia Dan Singapura
Authors: Aryanti Fitri , Aryani Y Anni
Published: November 2020

This study examines the differences in the level of environmental disclosure of companies in Indonesia and Singapore, and test the influence of public ownership and industry types on environmental disclosures. We use public ownership and industry type as independent variables, and use company age, firm size, debt to equity and profitability as control variables. Measuring the level of environmental disclosure using the GRI-G4 index,the population of this research is the company that issued a sustainability report and is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and the Singapore Stock Exchange (SGX). By using purposive sampling method, the research sample used was 103 companies from Singapore and 42 companies from Indonesia. Test analysis proves that there are differences in the level of environmental disclosures in Indonesia and Singapore. From the results of multiple linear regression tests it can be concluded that public ownership does not have a positive effect on environmental disclosure, but the type of industry, and the size of the company has a significant positive effect on environmental disclosure.
Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Corporate Image pada Perusahaan Rokok di Indonesia
Authors: Pramono Sigit , Safitri Rini , Barinta Dunga Dwi
Published: November 2020

This study aims to measure the effect of CSR on Corporate Image. The research approach used explanatory research analysis. The sample of this research is people who know about CSR which is applied in cigarette companies. The implementation of CSR for cigarette companies is important as a form of contribution to society. However, the implementation of CSR in cigarette companies is still considered as part of a promotional strategy alone. The debate on the application of CSR to the cigarette industry is an interesting part to discuss. The results of this study reveal that CSR is a determining factor in shaping and strengthening a company's image. In addition, the findings in this study confirm that Altruistic Responsibility which focuses on improving the welfare of the community will have a big impact on the company, the role of Altruistic Responsibility as a component of CSR that shapes the company's image will have an impact on company profitability, logistical support, and strengthen public trust.
Pengaruh Komite Audit dan CEO Tenure Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan
Authors: Sumayyah S , Ladepi Nanda
Published: November 2020

This study investigates the effect of committee audit on the quality of financial statements with proxies of real earnings management, and CEO tenure involvement in real earnings management for firms listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The study uses a Â sample of 265 observation of publicly listed companies on the IDX for the fiscal year that ends on December 31, 2017 through 2019. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis using eviews statistic. The result show that Â audit committee negatively affects real earnings management while CEO tenure positively affects real earnings management practices.
Agricultural Labour Colonies of Smolensk Governorate, 1918–1929
Authors: Yankovich Pavel
Published: November 2020

Since the second half of the XVIII century a new view of the punishment

purpose in criminal law has been formed. According to the theory of the great

Italian thinker and jurist C. Beccarria the purpose of punishment «is not to torture

and torment a person, but to prevent the perpetrator from harming society

again and to keep others from doing the same». This formulation of the definition

gave a new impetus to the development of Russian penitentiary system. New

methods have been actively used to correct the prisoner. Gradually, work becomes the main way to influence prisoners, its main task is to train prisoners to

work and earn money in honest way, to give them an opportunity to acquire some professional skills, so that after serving their sentence they can more easily

adapt to the life outside the correctional institution, thereby it reduces the number of recidivism.

On November 22, 1918 the Central Punitive Department of the People’s Commissariat of Justice of the RSFSR issued a circular «On the Creation of Agricultural

Labor Colonies». As a result, various colonies were created everywhere, including in Smolensk Governorate. In the article the author describes types of agricultural activities carried out by the colonists in the governorate, their work specifics, as well as the role of agricultural colonies in the domestic

penitentiary system in the 1920s.
Características de la imaginación en distintos campos creativos
Authors: Pérez-Fabello María José
Published: November 2020

La imaginación constituye una base importante de la vida psíquica, actúa como soporte del pensamiento e interviene en los procesos de conocimiento. Una de las características más interesantes de la imaginación es su capacidad evocadora que permite al individuo liberarse del entorno inmediato del mundo físico y construir un mundo interior distanciado de la realidad. Así podemos fantasear, soñar y crear. El objetivo de este trabajo fue hacer una revisión de los últimos descubrimientos sobre la implicación de los distintos estilos cognitivos en diferentes campos creativos. Partiendo de la definición de las imágenes mentales como fruto de imaginación, se hizo un recorrido por distintas medidas de las imágenes mentales, desde los cuestionarios subjetivos, fruto de la introspección, pasando por las medidas objetivas, ligadas fundamentalmente a habilidades espaciales, para finalizar con los métodos fisiológicos y las nuevas medidas de la neurociencia. Se dedicó un epígrafe a los estilos de procesamiento de información: Imagen de objeto, espacial y verbal, que caracterizan los tipos de imaginación en distintos ámbitos del conocimiento, y se analizaron los estudios llevados a cabo en diferentes ámbitos profesionales y titulaciones universitarias. Los resultados de estudios previos, lejos de dar respuesta a las múltiples cuestiones, abren nuevas vías de investigación, tanto acerca de la necesidad de crear nuevas medidas de habilidad de imagen, como la forma de abordar las habilidades de imagen en los distintos ámbitos.
The influence of internal control on fraud prevention (Case study at Bank BRI of Cimahi City)
Authors:   Universitas Widyatama, Nugraha Rahadiyan , Indah Bayunitri Bunga ,   Universitas Widyatama
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to determine how much the influence of Internal Control against Fraud Prevention at Bank BRI of Cimahi City. Internal control is an interlocking set of activities that are carried out by the board of directors, management, and other personnel. It is designed to provide confidence in achieving certain goals within the organization. Fraud Prevention is a precautionary measure by creating policies, procedures, organization, control techniques, and employee participation. Research methodology: The research method used in this study was explanatory method. The number of samples in this study were 46 employees of Bank BRI of Cimahi City. The analytical method used in this study was Partial Hypothesis Test (T-Test) with significance level of 5%. The program used to analyze data was Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Ver20.00. Result: According to this research, internal control has a significant effect on fraud prevention by 50.2% Limitation: This research only described Bank BRI of Cimahi City. Contribution: This study can be useful for students, banking employees, and future researchers. Keywords: Bank BRI of Cimahi City, Fraud prevention, Internal control
Modelling inflation-interest rate nexus for Ghana
Authors:   School of Business and Management Studies, Sunyani Technical University, Ghana, Asuamah Yeboah Samuel
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The research assesses the interest rates-inflation association in the case of Ghana between 2007 and 2013. Monthly and quarterly data were used. Research Methodology: The model of the vector error correction and Johansen were used to investigate the long-term and short-term association in the model estimated respectively. The vector autoregression (VAR) test was used to model the joint dynamics between the variables. GRETL software was used in these tests. Granger predictive test was done with the EViews software. Results: The findings of the result confirm both long-run and a short-run association in the model and as well as neutral granger predictive causality. Limitations: Though the Johansen test is more appropriate for multivariate modelling, Engle-Granger test is considered to be more robust in most cases and as such future studies should consider using the two models in a comparative study to assess whether the current conclusions can collaborate. Contribution: The paper contributes to knowledge in the field of inflation and Interest rates association, in relation to the financial markets. Future Research models that account for structural breaks and panel works are worth doing. Keywords: Fisher effect, Treasury bill rates long run, Johansen model