bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing the acceptance and patronage of E-commerce logistics operations in Nigeria
Authors: Adeniran Adetayo Olaniyi , Akinsehinwa Feyisola Olajire , Olorunfemi Samuel Oluwaseyi
Published: May 2022

Background

In the global world that is technologically driven, efficiency and productivity of businesses that have decided to embrace technology are achieved by e-commerce logistics (ECL). E-commerce logistics has received momentous attention in the developed countries but less attention in the developing countries. There have been some elements of uncertainty regarding the relevance of e-commerce logistics especially in the developing countries. To fill this gap, this study explored the factor influencing the acceptance and patronage of e-commerce logistics in Nigeria.

Methods

The following e-commerce and logistics businesses: Jumia, Konga, Kobo360, Breath2Wealth, Okrikah, DeliveryBros, Cartehub, STYLISTAA, and DayDone Limited, were explored in this study. The organizations were chosen because they were known for both e-commerce and logistics business. Qualitative research method and case study research design were employed for data collection through a purposive sampling technique. Primary data were targeted at two representatives from each organization.

Conclusions

The study found that external factors, political situation, government initiatives, economic situation, geographical situation, technology infrastructure, sociocultural situation, and public wakefulness have significant influence on the acceptance and patronage of e-commerce logistics in Nigeria. The study also found that many e-commerce companies also venture into distribution, thereby providing some level of logistics such as warehousing, packaging, and transportation, but they were not well informed that their operation is beyond e-commerce. It is therefore recommended that such organization should include logistics to their operation. E-commerce logistics organization should clearly state their terms and condition regarding the law of carriage which should be in accordance to the Nigeria law of Carriage.
GC–MS profiling and antibacterial activity of Solanum khasianum leaf and root extracts
Authors: Chirumamilla Pavani , Dharavath Sunitha Bai , Taduri Shasthree
Published: May 2022

Background

Solanum khasianum is an important medicinal herb of the Solanaceae family. The present study was focused to determine the bioactive compounds in S. khasianum leaf and root extract by GC–MS analysis and their antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method.

Results

Sixteen bioactive compounds were detected in leaf extract and thirty-two compounds in root methanolic extract by GC–MS. The major potent compounds identified in leaf and root extracts were heptadecane 9-hexyl (43.65%) and stigmasterol (23.18%). The root extract showed increased antibacterial activity than leaf extract.

Conclusion

These extracts possessed significant antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial isolates in dose-dependent manner. This study provides the phytoconstituents, antibacterial property and scientific evidence for the traditional claim and use of S. khasianum.
Effects of Vernonia amygdalina methanol leaf extract and fractions on Ascaridia galli in experimentally infected birds with regard to its pathological effect
Authors: Gasaliyu Khadijat Abidemi , Ajanusi Oseka Joseph , Suleiman Mohammed Musa , Dahiru Sani , Yusuf Kuburat Hadiza , Kyari Stephen , Ogwiji Matthew , Orakpoghenor Ochuko
Published: May 2022

Background

Helminthiasis, usually a chronic problem in poultry, is the major cause of economic losses in the poultry industry. This study was undertaken with the aim of evaluating the in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic effects of Vernonia amygdalina methanol leaf extract and fractions on Ascaridia galli in experimentally infected birds. Standard protocols for extraction, phytochemical screening, isolation and infection of parasite and histological examination were followed.

Result

At 50 mg/ml albendazole (ALB) caused the highest inhibition of embryonation (97.3%) followed by crude methanol extract (CME) (94.5%), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) (81.3%) and butanol fraction (BF) (80.3%). The lowest faecal egg counts (FEC) and highest FEC at 21 days post-treatment were observed in the group treated with albendazole (99.2%) and CME at 800 mg/kg (96.9%). Deparasitization at 200 mg/kg caused by ALB was (93.8%), while at 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg, CME was (77.5%, 87.5% and 91.86%), BF was (75.51%, 79.61% and 85.73%) and EAF was (73.48%, 75.5% and 81.63%), respectively. At post-mortem, broiler chickens infected with A. galli and treated with CME, BF and EAF at 200 mg/kg had desquamation of the villi while at 400 and 800 mg/kg treatments, the intestines were intact.

Conclusion

The extract and fractions of V. amygdalina were found to possess anthelmintic activity against A. galli due to the inhibition of embryonation of eggs and the reduction in faecal egg count; further research is required to fully ascertain their mechanism of action of the extract.
Effects of d-pinitol on diabetes mellitus: an updated review
Authors: Pandi Anandakumar , Kalappan Vanitha Manickam , Chandrashekar Naveenkumar
Published: May 2022

Background

The awareness in the consumption of plant-based food has gained attention in the recent years. Phytochemicals are thought to play a critical role in health promotion and in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. These compounds have reported to produce little or no side effects and are thus significantly used in treating various ailments. d-Pinitol is the chief active compound found in soy and soy products. Several studies have shown the health benefits of d-pinitol such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. In this review, an attempt has been made to review the effects of d-pinitol against diabetes mellitus in pre-clinical and clinical studies.

Methodology

Journal articles were sourced and filtered with relevant keywords on “d-pinitol and diabetes mellitus”. Scientific databases, including PubMed, NCBI, Google Scholar, Science Direct, SciFinder and Web of Science, were accessed to identify the most relevant articles on the effect of d-pinitol in diabetes mellitus. The study duration was from September 2021 to February 2022.

Results

This comprehensive review demonstrates the application of d-pinitol against diabetes mellitus. Most of the animal and clinical studies included in this review reported that d-pinitol treatment effectively regulated hyperglycemia and prevented insulin resistance.

Conclusions

d-Pinitol could serve as an effective anti-hyperglycemic agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Further research to study its safety and mechanism of action is recommended in order to employ this compound for clinical trials.
Experimental cross-species infection of donkeys with equine hepacivirus and analysis of host immune signatures
Authors: Gömer André , Puff Christina , Reinecke Birthe , Bracht Stephanie , Conze Maria , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Steinmann Jörg , Feige Karsten , Cavalleri Jessika M. V. , Steinmann Eike , Todt Daniel
Published: May 2022

Background

The Equine Hepacivirus (EqHV) is an equine-specific and liver-tropic virus belonging to the diverse genus of Hepaciviruses. It was recently found in a large donkey (Equus asinus) cohort with a similar seroprevalence (30%), but lower rate of RNA-positive animals (0.3%) compared to horses. These rare infection events indicate either a lack of adaptation to the new host or a predominantly acute course of infection.

Methods

In order to analyze the susceptibility and the course of EqHV infection in donkeys, we inoculated two adult female donkeys and one control horse intravenously with purified EqHV from a naturally infected horse. Liver biopsies were taken before and after inoculation to study changes in the transcriptome.

Results

Infection kinetics were similar between the equids. All animals were EqHV PCR-positive from day three. EqHV RNA-levels declined when the animals seroconverted and both donkeys cleared the virus from the blood by week 12. Infection did not have an impact on the clinical findings and no significant histopathological differences were seen. Blood biochemistry revealed a mild increase in GLDH at the time of seroconversion in horses, which was less pronounced in donkeys. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a distinct set of differentially expressed genes, including viral host factors and immune genes.

Conclusion

To summarize, our findings indicate that donkeys are a natural host of EqHV, due to the almost identical infection kinetics. The different immune responses do however suggest different mechanisms in reacting to hepaciviral infections.
Host phylogeny, habitat, and diet are main drivers of the cephalopod and mollusk gut microbiome
Authors: Kang Woorim , Kim Pil Soo , Tak Euon Jung , Sung Hojun , Shin Na-Ri , Hyun Dong-Wook , Whon Tae Woong , Kim Hyun Sik , Lee June-Young , Yun Ji-Hyun , Jung Mi-Ja , Bae Jin-Woo
Published: May 2022

Background

Invertebrates are a very attractive subject for studying host-microbe interactions because of their simple gut microbial community and host diversity. Studying the composition of invertebrate gut microbiota and the determining factors is essential for understanding their symbiotic mechanism. Cephalopods are invertebrates that have similar biological properties to vertebrates such as closed circulation system, an advanced nervous system, and a well-differentiated digestive system. However, it is not currently known whether their microbiomes have more in common with vertebrates or invertebrates. This study reports on the microbial composition of six cephalopod species and compares them with other mollusk and marine fish microbiomes to investigate the factors that shape the gut microbiota.

Results

Each cephalopod gut consisted of a distinct consortium of microbes, withPhotobacteriumandMycoplasmaidentified as core taxa. The gut microbial composition of cephalopod reflected their host phylogeny, the importance of which was supported by a detailed oligotype-level analysis of operational taxonomic units assigned toPhotobacteriumandMycoplasma.Photobacteriumtypically inhabited multiple hosts, whereasMycoplasmatended to show host-specific colonization. Furthermore, we showed that classCephalopodahas a distinct gut microbial community from those of other mollusk groups or marine fish. We also showed that the gut microbiota of phylumMolluscawas determined by host phylogeny, habitat, and diet.

Conclusion

We have provided the first comparative analysis of cephalopod and mollusk gut microbial communities. The gut microbial community of cephalopods is composed of distinctive microbes and is strongly associated with their phylogeny. ThePhotobacteriumandMycoplasmagenera are core taxa within the cephalopod gut microbiota. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that cephalopod and mollusk gut microbiomes reflect host phylogeny, habitat, and diet. It is hoped that these data can contribute to future studies on invertebrate–microbe interactions.
Application time and persistence of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) against neuronal death resulting from transient cerebral ischemia
Authors: Lee Jong-Hun , Jung Bo Hyun , Yoo Ki-Yeon
Published: May 2022

Background

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been studied as a tool to stimulate the functional recovery of neurons after stroke. Although this device has recently begun to be utilized for providing neuroprotection in stroke, research on its application conditions is lacking. This study aimed to examine the effects of various tDCS application conditions on cerebral ischemia. Ischemia was induced for 5 min in a gerbil model. The application of tDCS comprised a 20 min stimulation—20 min rest—20 min stimulation protocol, which was implemented simultaneously with the induction of cerebral ischemia. Application time of the tDCS effect on ischemia was confirmed by sampling brain tissues after stimulation using 0.2 mA tDCS at 0, 5, 10 and 60 min after ischemia.

Results

Persistence of the tDCS effect on ischemia was confirmed by sampling brain tissues 5, 7, and 10 days post stimulation, with 0.2 mA tDCS after ischemia. Furthermore, the tissues were stained with cresyl violet and Fluoro-Jade C so as to determine the reduction in neuronal death under all application conditions.

Conclusions

The application of tDCS can be used as a useful intervention for acute phase stroke due to its sustained neuroprotective effect.
Release of airborne antibiotic resistance genes from municipal solid waste transfer stations
Authors: Lü Fan , Wang Wei , Hu Tianyu , Duan Haowen , Shao Liming , Zhang Hua , He Pinjing
Published: May 2022

With urbanization, municipal solid waste (MSW) transfer station as an important link in the process of refuse collection and transportation is closer to residents’ living areas. At present, studies on airborne antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) generated during MSW management are still few and not comprehensive enough. In this study, metagenomics and high-throughput sequencing methods were used to analyze the composition and content of bioaerosol and airborne ARGs in the waste reception hall and the top vent of three MSW transfer stations. 265 ARG subtypes were detected. The main subtypes were bacA, multidrug_transporter, mexW, sul2 and macB, and the main types were multidrug resistance genes and bacitracin resistance genes. Different microbes and ARGs showed diverse release characteristics, but in general, the concentration of bacteria and ARGs at the top vent of the transfer station was higher than that in the waste reception hall, and fungi were more sensitive than bacteria when passing through the odor treatment system connecting between the top vent and the waste reception hall. For ARGs, daily intake of a worker was calculated to be 1.08 × 1010–2.79 × 1010 copies d− 1 and environmental release was 2.88 × 109–9.49 × 109 copies m− 3. Therefore, control measures for airborne ARGs and pathogenic microorganisms are urgently needed to ensure the health of workers and surrounding residents.
Preoperative Patient Expectation of Discharge Planning is an Essential Component in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Feng James E. , Anoushiravani Afshin A. , Morton Jessica S. , Petersen William , Singh Vivek , Schwarzkopf Ran , Macaulay William
Published: May 2022

Purpose

A better understanding of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) candidate expectations within the perioperative setting will enable clinicians to promote patient-centered practices, optimize recovery times, and enhance quality metrics. In the current study, TKA candidates were surveyed pre- and postoperatively to elucidate the relationship between patient expectations and length of stay (LOS).

Material and methods

This is a prospective study of patients undergoing TKA between December 2017 and August 2018. Patients were electronically administered surveys regarding their discharge plan 10 days pre-/postoperatively. All patients were categorized into three cohorts based on their LOS: 1, 2, and 3+ days. The effect of preoperative discharge education on patient postoperative satisfaction was evaluated.

Results

In total, 221 TKAs were included, of which 83 were discharged on postoperative day (POD) 1, 96 on POD-2, and 42 POD-3+. Female gender, increasing body mass index (BMI), and surgical time correlated with increased LOS. Preoperative discussions regarding LOS occurred in 84.62% (187/221) of patients but did correlate with differences in LOS. However, patients discharged on POD-1 were more inclined to same-day surgery preoperatively. Patients discharged on POD-3+ were found to be more uncomfortable regarding their discharge during the preoperative phase. Multivariable regressions demonstrated that preoperative discharge discussion was positively correlated with home discharge.

Conclusion

Physician-driven discussion regarding patient discharge did not alter patient satisfaction or length of stay but did correlate with improved odds of home discharge. These findings underscore the importance of patient education, shared decision-making, and managing patient expectations.
Functional results of multiple revision anterior cruciate ligament with anterolateral tibial tunnel associated with anterolateral ligament reconstruction
Authors: Helito Camilo Partezani , da Silva Andre Giardino Moreira , Guimarães Tales Mollica , Sobrado Marcel Faraco , Pécora José Ricardo , Camanho Gilberto Luis
Published: May 2022

Background

Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions are usually complex owing to previous tunnels. The objective of this study is to report the results of a revision ACL reconstruction technique with a tibial tunnel performed from the anterolateral plateau associated with an anterolateral ligament (ALL) reconstruction.

Methods

Patients with at least two ACL reconstructions that failed and who had significant enlargement and confluence of tunnels in the medial tibial plateau and underwent revision ACL reconstruction associated with ALL reconstruction with the tibial tunnel for the ACL performed from the lateral plateau between 2017 and 2019 were evaluated. All patients were evaluated by physical examination, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), and Lysholm functional scales.

Results

Six patients who underwent this surgical procedure were evaluated. All patients were sports practitioners and presented a grade 3 pivot shift. The mean age was 28.5 ± 8.2 years, and the mean follow-up time was 34.1 ± 12.8 months. No patient had a new graft rupture, but three (50%) had grade 1 pivot shift. Four patients had minor complications with no clinical impact on the final result. All except one patient were able to return to pre-injury type of sports, at a mean time of 14.6 ± 2.3 months after surgery.

Conclusion

The anterolateral tibial tunnel technique using an Achilles tendon allograft for revision ACL reconstruction after multiple failures associated with an ALL reconstruction showed good results and no major complications. The anterolateral tunnel can be considered a good alternative in cases of medial tibial confluence or significant enlargement of the medial tunnels in re-revision procedures.
Analysis of popliteal artery location for high tibial and distal tuberosity osteotomy using contrast-enhanced computed tomography
Authors: Mori Akiyoshi , Matsushita Takehiko , Miyaji Nobuaki , Nagai Kanto , Araki Daisuke , Kanzaki Noriyuki , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Niikura Takahiro , Hoshino Yuichi , Kuroda Ryosuke
Published: May 2022

Background

Our objective was to evaluate the location of popliteal artery (PA) in osteotomy planes during high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and to determine a safer angle for screw drilling to the tibial tuberosity during distal tuberosity osteotomy (DTO).

Methods

Twenty knees in 20 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography for cardiovascular diseases were examined. Osteotomy planes for open-wedge HTO (OWHTO) and hybrid closed-wedge HTO (hybrid CWHTO) were created using three-dimensional bone models. The distance from the posterior cortex of the tibia to the PA (dPC-PA) in the osteotomy planes was measured in the virtual osteotomy planes. The dangerous point (Point D1) was defined as the point 17.5 mm away from PA, setting the working length of the bone saw as 35 mm. The distance between the most medial point of the tibial cortex (Point M) and Point D1 in OWHTO and the most lateral point (Point L) and Point D1 in hybrid CWHTO were examined (dM-D1 and dL-D1, respectively). The location of Point D1 to the osteotomy line (%D1) was expressed as percentage, setting the start and end of the osteotomy line as 0% and 100%, respectively. To determine the safe angle for screw drilling in DTO, the angle between the line tangential to the medial cortex of the tibia and that passing through the center of the tibial tuberosity and PA were measured.

Results

In OWHTO and hybrid CWHTO, the mean dPC-PA was 10.6 mm (6.9–16.5 mm) and 10.2 mm (7.3–15.4 mm), respectively. The mean dM-D1 in OWHTO was 25.9 mm (24.6–27.2 mm) and dL-D1 in hybrid CWHTO was 5.1 mm (2.9–7.4 mm). The mean %D1 was 47.6 ± 3.7% in OWHTO and 9.3 ± 4.1% in hybrid CWHTO, respectively. The minimal angle between the two lines in DTO was 35.2°.

Conclusion

PAs could run within 10 mm from the posterior cortex in the osteotomy planes of HTO. Therefore, proper posterior protection is necessary when cutting posterior cortex. An angle of less than 35° against the medial cortex line would be safe for screw fixation to avoid vascular injury in DTO.
Increased RV:LV ratio on chest CT-angiogram in COVID-19 is a marker of adverse outcomes
Authors: Tao Ran , Burivalova Zuzana , Masri S. Carolina , Dharmavaram Naga , Baber Aurangzeb , Deaño Roderick , Hess Timothy , Dhingra Ravi , Runo James , Jarjour Nizar , Vanderpool Rebecca R. , Chesler Naomi , Kusmirek Joanna E. , Eldridge Marlowe , Francois Christopher , Raza Farhan
Published: May 2022

Background

Right ventricular (RV) dilation has been used to predict adverse outcomes in acute pulmonary conditions. It has been used to categorize the severity of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) infection. Our study aimed to use chest CT-angiogram (CTA) to assess if increased RV dilation, quantified as an increased RV:LV (left ventricle) ratio, is associated with adverse outcomes in the COVID-19 infection, and if it occurs out of proportion to lung parenchymal disease.

Results

We reviewed clinical, laboratory, and chest CTA findings in COVID-19 patients (n = 100), and two control groups: normal subjects (n = 10) and subjects with organizing pneumonia (n = 10). On a chest CTA, we measured basal dimensions of the RV and LV in a focused 4-chamber view, and dimensions of pulmonary artery (PA) and aorta (AO) at the PA bifurcation level. Among the COVID-19 cohort, a higher RV:LV ratio was correlated with adverse outcomes, defined as ICU admission, intubation, or death. In patients with adverse outcomes, the RV:LV ratio was 1.06 ± 0.10, versus 0.95 ± 0.15 in patients without adverse outcomes. Among the adverse outcomes group, compared to the control subjects with organizing pneumonia, the lung parenchymal damage was lower (22.6 ± 9.0 vs. 32.7 ± 6.6), yet the RV:LV ratio was higher (1.06 ± 0.14 vs. 0.89 ± 0.07). In ROC analysis, RV:LV ratio had an AUC = 0.707 with an optimal cutoff of RV:LV ≥ 1.1 as a predictor of adverse outcomes. In a validation cohort (n = 25), an RV:LV ≥ 1.1 as a cutoff predicted adverse outcomes with an odds ratio of 76:1.

Conclusions

In COVID-19 patients, RV:LV ratio ≥ 1.1 on CTA chest is correlated with adverse outcomes. RV dilation in COVID-19 is out of proportion to parenchymal lung damage, pointing toward a vascular and/or thrombotic injury in the lungs.
Prevalence and related factors of perinatal depression in Egyptian mothers
Authors: Elrassas Hanan , Taha Ghada Refaat , Soliman Alaa El-Din Muhammed , Madbole Sabreen Abd El Kareem , Mahmoud Dalia Abdel Moneim
Published: May 2022

Background

Early detection of perinatal depression and its cultural determinants could reduce its sequalae on mothers and their babies. This study investigated the prevalence of perinatal depression in Egyptian mothers and compare women with and without perinatal depression regarding the psychosocial factors.

Three-hundred one women were recruited (166 were pregnant and 135 were in postpartum period) from a primary healthcare unit. Full sociodemographic data, Social Classification Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were completed. Subjects with EPDS score > 9 answered the structured clinical interview (SCID-I) for diagnosis of depression and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) for depression severity.

Results

Depression with mild to moderate severity was reported in 5.4% and 3.7% of women during pregnancy and postpartum period, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between depression and employment (p = 0.031), mother-in-law disputes (p = 0.002), stigma of being the second wife (p = 0.047), and having financial burdens (p = 0.001). Marital satisfaction was a protective factor for depression (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Prevalence of perinatal depression was comparable to other developing countries. It was strongly linked to culturally related factors including marital women’s employment, mother-in-law disputes, being the second wife, and socioeconomic burdens. Early detection of perinatal depression and its culturally related factors is important for its management.
Is pneumoperitoneum specific of post-traumatic appendicitis? Case report and literature review
Authors: Kerkeni Y. , Thamri F. , Zouaoui A. , Houidi S. , Jouini R.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Acute appendicitis and blunt abdominal trauma may co-exist, imposing a dilemma of whether there is only coincidence or there is a cause to effect relationship. The etiopathogenesis of this rare association remains obscure. Pneumoperitoneum has rarely been described in patients with acute perforative appendicitis following abdominal trauma.

Case presentation

We report a rare case of acute perforated appendicitis after blunt abdominal trauma in an 8-year-old boy revealed by a pneumoperitoneum. We also reviewed the literature on this rare condition to assess the specificity of pneumoperitoneum in the diagnosis and to understand its etiopathogenesis.

Conclusion

Abdominal pain and fever several days after an abdominal trauma may be a sign of post-traumatic appendicitis in the pediatric population. Pneumoperitoneum is not specific of post-traumatic appendicitis but it can be a protective sign, since it will lead to immediate laparotomy in patients with an unrecognized surgical abdomen.
Spontaneous pneumoperitoneum in neonates: a case series
Authors: Al-Taher Raed , Mansour Hanan , Al-Qaisi Mohammad , Hamdan Ehab , Danoun Baraa , Shrouf Ali , Jumaah Mohammed , Badran Eman , Al-lawama Manar
Published: May 2022

Background

Pneumoperitoneum is defined as the presence of free air in the peritoneal cavity. It is a surgical emergency that represents in 90% of the cases with a hollow viscus perforation and its feared consequences of sepsis and death. On the other hand, spontaneous pneumoperitoneum is a benign surgical entity occurring in newborns that requires no surgical intervention.

Cases presentation

In this series, we report three cases of benign spontaneous pneumoperitoneum in neonates treated at Jordan University Hospital between 2004 and 2021. Two of them were treated by exploration laparotomy but no gross pathology could be identified; one case was successfully treated conservatively with observation alone.

Conclusion

This case series recognizes the presence of such entity which can be treated conservatively, eliminating the unnecessary burden of morbidity and mortality of surgery in such age group.
Spinal anesthesia and hypotensive events in hip fracture surgical repair in elderly patients: a meta-analysis
Authors: Messina Antonio , La Via Luigi , Milani Angelo , Savi Marzia , Calabrò Lorenzo , Sanfilippo Filippo , Negri Katerina , Castellani Gianluca , Cammarota Gianmaria , Robba Chiara , Morenghi Emanuela , Astuto Marinella , Cecconi Maurizio
Published: May 2022

Background

Spinal anesthesia (SA) is widely used for anesthetic management of patients undergoing hip surgery, and hypotension is the most common cardiovascular side effect of SA. This paper aims to assess the lowest effective dose of SA that reduces the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension in elderly patients scheduled for major lower limb orthopedic surgery.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed in elderly patients scheduled for surgical hip repair and a meta-analysis with meta-regression on the occurrence of hypotensive episodes at different effective doses of anesthetics. We searched PUBMED®, EMBASE®, and the Cochrane Controlled Clinical trials registered.

Results

Our search retrieved 2085 titles, and after screening, 6 were finally included in both the qualitative and quantitative analysis, including 344 patients [15% (10–28) males], with a median (25th to 75th interquartile) age of 82 (80–85). The risk of bias assessment reported “low risk” for 5 (83.3%) and “some concerns” for 1 (16.7%) of the included RCTs.

The low dose of SA of [mean 6.5 mg (1.9)] anesthetic was associated with a lower incidence of hypotension [OR = 0.09 (95%CI 0.04–0.21); p = 0.04; I2 = 56.9%], as compared to the high-dose of anesthetic [mean 10.5 mg (2.4)].

Conclusions

In the included studies of this meta-analysis, a mean dose of 6.5 mg of SA was effective in producing intraoperative comfort and motor block and associated with a lower incidence of hypotension as compared to a mean dose of 10.5 mg.

Trial registration

CRD42020193627
Cancer Groundshot: Building a Robust Cancer Control Platform in Addition To Launching the Cancer Moonshot
Authors: Mutebi Miriam , Dehar Navdeep , Nogueira Leticia M. , Shi Kewei , Yabroff K. Robin , Gyawali Bishal
Published: May 2022

Cancer Groundshot is a philosophy that calls for prioritization of strategies in global cancer control. The underlying principle of Cancer Groundshot is that one must ensure access to interventions that are already proven to work before focusing on the development of new interventions. In this article, we discuss the philosophy of Cancer Groundshot as it pertains to priorities in cancer care and research in low- and middle-income countries and the utility of technology in addressing global cancer disparities; we also address disparities seen in high-income countries. The oncology community needs to realign our priorities and focus on improving access to high-value cancer control strategies, rather than allocating resources primarily to the development of technologies that provide only marginal gains at a high cost. There are several “low-hanging fruit” actions that will improve access to quality cancer care in low- and middle-income countries and in high-income countries. Worldwide, cancer morbidity and mortality can be averted by implementing highly effective, low-cost interventions that are already known to work, rather than investing in the development of resource-intensive interventions to which most patients will not have access (i.e., we can use Cancer Groundshot to first save more lives before we focus on the “moonshots”).
DeepReGraph co-clusters temporal gene expression and cis-regulatory elements through heterogeneous graph representation learning
Authors: Cevallos Moreno Jesús Fernando , Zarrineh Peyman , Sánchez-Rodríguez Aminael , Mecella Massimo
Published: May 2022

This work presents DeepReGraph, a novel method for co-clustering genes and cis-regulatory elements (CREs) into candidate regulatory networks. Gene expression data, as well as data from three CRE activity markers from a publicly available dataset of mouse fetal heart tissue, were used for DeepReGraph concept proofing. In this study we used open chromatin accessibility from ATAC-seq experiments, as well as H3K27ac and H3K27me3 histone marks as CREs activity markers. However, this method can be executed with other sets of markers. We modelled all data sources as a heterogeneous graph and adapted a state-of-the-art representation learning algorithm to produce a low-dimensional and easy-to-cluster embedding of genes and CREs. Deep graph auto-encoders and an adaptive-sparsity generative model are the algorithmic core of DeepReGraph. The main contribution of our work is the design of proper combination rules for the heterogeneous gene expression and CRE activity data and the computational encoding of well-known gene expression regulatory mechanisms into a suitable objective function for graph embedding. We showed that the co-clusters of genes and CREs in the final embedding shed light on developmental regulatory mechanisms in mouse fetal-heart tissue. Such clustering could not be achieved by using only gene expression data. Function enrichment analysis proves that the genes in the co-clusters are involved in distinct biological processes. The enriched transcription factor binding sites in CREs prioritize the candidate transcript factors which drive the temporal changes in gene expression. Consequently, we conclude that DeepReGraph could foster hypothesis-driven tissue development research from high-throughput expression and epigenomic data. Full source code and data are available on the DeepReGraph GitHub project.
Development of the Revision Hip Complexity Classification using a modified Delphi technique
Authors: Leong Justin W. Y. , Singhal Rohit , Whitehouse Michael R. , Howell Jonathan R. , Hamer Andrew , Khanduja Vikas , Board Tim N. ,   on behalf of the BHS RHCC expert panel.
Published: May 2022

Aims

The aim of this modified Delphi process was to create a structured Revision Hip Complexity Classification (RHCC) which can be used as a tool to help direct multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussions of complex cases in local or regional revision networks.

Methods

The RHCC was developed with the help of a steering group and an invitation through the British Hip Society (BHS) to members to apply, forming an expert panel of 35. We ran a mixed-method modified Delphi process (three rounds of questionnaires and one virtual meeting). Round 1 consisted of identifying the factors that govern the decision-making and complexities, with weighting given to factors considered most important by experts. Participants were asked to identify classification systems where relevant. Rounds 2 and 3 focused on grouping each factor into H1, H2, or H3, creating a hierarchy of complexity. This was followed by a virtual meeting in an attempt to achieve consensus on the factors which had not achieved consensus in preceding rounds.

Results

The expert group achieved strong consensus in 32 out of 36 factors following the Delphi process. The RHCC used the existing Paprosky (acetabulum and femur), Unified Classification System, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification systems. Patients with ASA grade III/IV are recognized with a qualifier of an asterisk added to the final classification. The classification has good intraobserver and interobserver reliability with Kappa values of 0.88 to 0.92 and 0.77 to 0.85, respectively.

Conclusion

The RHCC has been developed through a modified Delphi technique. RHCC will provide a framework to allow discussion of complex cases as part of a local or regional hip revision MDT. We believe that adoption of the RHCC will provide a comprehensive and reproducible method to describe each patient’s case with regard to surgical complexity, in addition to medical comorbidities that may influence their management. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(5):423–431.
An Unusual Damped Stability Property and its Remedy for an Integration Method
Authors: Chang Shuenn-Yih
Published: May 2022

An unusual stability property is found for a structure-dependent integration method since it exhibits a different nonlinearity interval of unconditional stability for zero and nonzero damping. Although it is unconditionally stable for the systems of stiffness softening and invariant as well as most systems of stiffness hardening, an unstable solution that is unexpected is obtained as it is applied to solve damped stiffness hardening systems. It is found herein that a nonlinearity interval of unconditional stability for a structure-dependent method may be drastically shrunk for nonzero damping when compared to zero damping. In fact, it will become conditionally stable for any damped stiffness hardening systems. This might significantly restrict its applications. An effective scheme is proposed to surmount this difficulty by introducing a stability factor into the structure-dependent coefficients of the integration method. This factor can effectively amplify the nonlinearity intervals of unconditional stability for structure-dependent methods. A large stability factor will result in a large nonlinearity interval of unconditional stability. However, it also introduces more period distortion. Consequently, a stability factor must be appropriately selected for accurate integration. After choosing a proper stability factor, a structure-dependent method can be widely and easily applied to solve general structural dynamic problems.
Investigation of Nonlinear Thermo-Elastic Behavior of Fluid Conveying Piezoelectric Microtube Reinforced by Functionally Distributed Carbon Nanotubes on Viscoelastic-Hetenyi Foundation
Authors: Azhdarzadeh Mehdi , Jahangiri Reza , Allahverdizadeh Akbar , Dadashzadeh Behnam , Nabati Ramin
Published: May 2022

In this paper, nonlinear and nonlocal thermo-elastic behavior of a microtube reinforced by Functionally Distributed Carbon Nanotubes, with internal and external piezoelectric layers, in the presence of nonlinear viscoelastic-Hetenyi foundation, and axial fluid flow inside the microtube is studied. Nonlinear partial differential equations governing the system are derived using Reddy’s third-order shear deformations theory along with the Von-Karman theory including the effect of fluid viscosity. Then, the equations are converted to time-dependent ordinary nonlinear equations using the Galerkin method. Afterward, the governing equations of the microtube’s lateral displacements are solved using the multiple scales method. The analysis of the piezoelectric’s parametric resonance is performed by obtaining trivial and nontrivial stationary solutions and plotting characteristic curves of the frequency response and voltage response. At the end, the effect of different parameters including the flow velocity, excitation voltage, parameters of the foundation, viscosity parameter, thermal loading and nanotubes’ volume fraction index on the nonlinear behavior of the system, under parametric resonance condition, is investigated.
Nonlinear Bending and Vibration Analysis of Imperfect Functionally Graded Microplate with Porosities Resting on Elastic Foundation Via the Modified Couple Stress Theory
Authors: Hieu Dang Van
Published: May 2022

This paper represents the nonlinear bending and free vibration analysis of a simply supported imperfect functionally graded (FG) microplate resting on an elastic foundation based on the modified couple stress theory and the Kirchhoff plate theory (KPT) together with the von-Kármán’s geometrical nonlinearity. The FG microplates with even and uneven distributions of porosities are considered. Analytical solutions for the nonlinear bending and free vibration are obtained. Comparing the obtained results with the published one in the literature shows the accuracy of the current solutions. Numerical examples are further presented to investigate the effects of the material length scale parameter to thickness ratio, the length to thickness ratio, the power-law index and the elastic foundation on the nonlinear bending and free vibration responses of the FG microplate.
Material Model Calibration Using Machine Learning: A Comparative Study
Authors: Seabra Mariana , Costa Ana
Published: May 2022

A methodology based on Machine Learning, namely Fully Connected Neural Networks, is proposed to replace traditional parameter calibration strategies. In particular, the relation between hardness, yield strength and tensile strength is explored. The proposed methodology is used to predict the yield strength and the tensile strength of a Super Duplex Stainless Steel that was not included in the neural network training data base. Moreover, it is also used to determine such material parameters for individual microstructural phases, which feed a multiscale Finite Element simulation. The methodology is experimentally validated.
Women’s experience in Estonian punk scenes during the transition from Soviet to post-Soviet society
Authors: Davidjants Brigitta
Published: May 2022

The article examines women’s experiences in the punk scenes of Tallinn (Estonia) during the late Soviet (1970s–80s) and the initial post-Soviet period (1990s–2000s). The author is interested in how women perceived their identity inside those scenes and in relation to mainstream culture, as well as in the role of Tallinn’s urban space in scene creation. The article places a particular emphasis on examining the consistency in women’s experience of those scenes in the context of a society that witnessed the crumbling of Soviet rule. Theoretical background for the article is provided by subculture and gender studies. The material for analysis is drawn primarily from in-depth interviews with members of the subcultures concerned but also includes data from participatory observation and personal experience. In interpreting the data, the author has combined qualitative content analysis and discourse analysis (including context analysis).
Social Discourses on the Teacher Performance Assessment: Media Tales, Twitter Tweets and Leadership Surveys
Authors:   Griffith University, Exley Beryl , Pendergast Donna ,   Griffith University, Hoyte Frances ,   Griffith University
Published: May 2022

This paper explores the introduction of the new Teacher Performance Assessment (TPA) for graduate teachers in Australia. We investigate how the broader discussion around TPAs has been understood by multiple agents during an eight-month period from January 2019 to August 2019. Data includes legacy media, social media tweets and a survey of school leaders. The analysis draws on Bernsteinian (1975) theory about the way particular social relations produce differing sentiments of social unity. While eschewing a strict binary, legacy media was characterised by a mechanical solidarity which promoted the TPA as akin to a test. Contributions to social media and responses to the survey suggested an orientation to organic solidarity and a recognition of the complex inter-dependence of specialised roles within initial teacher education. These diverse social discourses carry the potential to influence the broader commission of what counts as graduate teacher quality.
Preparing Initial Teacher Education Students for Flexible Learning Programs
Authors:   University of Tasmania, Thomas Jeff , Coleman Bianca ,   University of Tasmania, Birgerson Ebba Herrlander ,   University of Tasmania
Published: May 2022

In Australia, there is currently no official training pathway or qualification required for working in Flexible Learning Programs (FLPs). This causes a problem for both new teachers wishing to work in this area and for employers who have no way of knowing whether a new teacher has the appropriate skills or knowledge to teach in this alternative context. To address this problem, we designed and implemented a program during which Initial Teacher Education (ITE) students were given the opportunity to experience teaching in a FLP. Here we report on the experiences and perceptions of the preparation program from the perspectives of the key stakeholders, including the ITE students, FLP staff, and the young people attending the FLP. All stakeholders perceived the project to be a success in enabling the ITE students to gain valuable theoretical knowledge and practical experience of the FLP context.
Spike protein related adverse effects and the need for more focused, if not individualized approach in COVID-19 vaccination programs
Authors: Petric Domina
Published: May 2022

Aim of this review is to discuss the need for more focused, if not individualized COVID-19 vaccination approach with a goal to prevent serious adverse effects and to establish high quality vaccination programs according to the principles of precision medicine.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: A Retrospective Analysis from a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ammad , Alam Ghanwa
Published: May 2022

Since Pakistan is adapting to the technological advancements in the procedure, and shifting to TAVI, more studies are required to evaluate the safe and efficacy of the procedure. The data on the topic is scarce, and our study will aim to fill in the literature gap.

Furthermore, by looking at the burden of cardiac diseases, a policy implementation could be put in place to guide prevention and treatment in the country. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of TAVI procedure and decide whether its a sustainable, cost effective enough of an option when compared to standard open heart surgery in the setting of low and middle income country
An Analytical Studay On The Impact Of Screen Time On Child’s Mental Development
Authors: S SHRUTHI
Published: May 2022

The children have grown up with a vast array of electronic devices at their fingertips. They can't imagine a world without smartphones, tablets, and the internet. The advances in technology mean today's parents are the first generation who have to figure out how to limit screen time for children. While digital devices can provide endless hours of entertainment and they can offer educational content, unlimited screen time can be harmful.The TV on all the time or the whole family sits around staring at their smartphones, too screen time could be harmful. The dangers of screen time focus on children. But, it's important to recognize that adults may experience many of the same harmful effects as well, like obesity and sleep problems. It's important for you to set healthy limits on your electronics use for your own sake, as well as your child's sake.With the advent of our favorite technological tools comes the responsibility to ensure our children and students are using them appropriately and in a way that benefits their well-being and education overall. Consider the following key practices to make the best use of screen time for all. parental involvement and quality programming can enhance a child’s wellbeing and education when it comes to using technology with your children. By researching your child’s apps and choosing only the highest quality programs, your child can get the most out of their screen time! As kids grow older, parenthood becomes less about play dates and changing diapers, and more about just figuring out how to manage kids’ screen time in our ever-evolving technological world! Luckily striking the right balance between technology and everything else doesn’t need to be difficult or stressful.
Sociology of labour and human resource management
Authors: Patel Hrishitva
Published: May 2022

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A Critical Study On Socializing And Its Benefits On Mental Health
Authors: S SHRUTHI
Published: May 2022

Social relationships encompasses a wide variety of aspects relating to the proximal and distal social environment. Distal environment includes the broader social structure of opportunities for social integration (e.g. cultural, labour market, neighbourhood) and its quality (e.g. social capital). Aspects of the distal social environment are excluded from this review as direct effects on health and wellbeing are usually weak or absent after analyzing their mediation through proximal factors, and as evidence for populations with disabilities is widely lacking. Our work therefore focuses on two leading sociological concepts that analyse proximal factors of social relationships, namely social networks and social support. Social networks describe the size, density, frequency and duration of social contacts, whereas social support emphasizes the functional significance in terms of providing instrumental, emotional or informational resources. Important further aspects concern the quality of and satisfaction with support received and the distinction between perceived and received support. Socialization can help improve our mental and emotional health. Spending time with your friends and family in-person alleviates symptoms of depression. Loneliness is one of the most difficult feelings a person can experience. Socializing can lower blood pressure and decrease the stress hormone cortisol.