bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Will China's Strategic Stockpiles Provide the Security of Oil Supply it Needs for the Coming Decade?
Authors: Liu Yan , Luo Dong Kun
Published: February 2014

Chinas strategic stockpiles system was firstly built in 2004. After 8 years of preparation and construction, strategic petroleum reserve (SPR) has already gained its capacity. However, whether this growing capacity can meet the need of unexpected supply shock is still a question. This paper will analyze supply risks after making a brief study of different types of oil risks. In the second part, the paper will have a glance at the history and prospective of Chinas SPR system before trying to identify the optimal level of SPR. The paper will then have a horizontal comparison with identical countries and associations SPR policies, attempting to draw experiences from them. Based on all these discussions above, the last part will have an estimation of future SPR level and the optimal level requested. I then come to the conclusion under a series of strict assumptions that Chinas SPR will cover its supply shock in the coming decade.
The Effect of Applied Magnetic Field on the Mine Water Coagulation
Authors: Guo Zhe , Cui Jian Guo , Wei Gang
Published: February 2014

It is significant to use different techniques to improve the overall efficiency of mine water treatment, because the utilization rate of treated mine water is low and the treating cost is high. According to the characteristics of water quality of coal mine water, the influence of the magnetic field on mine water treatment was studied in this paper in order to provide a reference for mine water treatment. It was found that magnetic field has effect on surface tension and electrical conductivity of mine water. When the magnetic field strength is less than 0.3T, the surface tension of the mine water decreases with the increase of magnetic field intensity, while the magnetic field strength is more than 0.3T, the surface tension of the mine water increases with the increase of magnetic field intensity. In the range of 0.0T ~ 0.5T, the mine water conductivity increases with the increase of magnetic field intensity and, as high as 14.8 ms/cm, then along with the increase of magnetic field intensity, the conductivity remains same. The influence of magnetic field intensity, amount of coagulant and magnetization time on coagulation were studied in this paper, and their effect were also investigated by Orthogonal test. The results show that when the magnetic field intensity is 0.35 T, magnetization time is 4 min and the amount of coagulant is 3 ml/L, the coagulation effect is the best. Under the condition, the mine water turbidity fell to 0.85 NTU from 200 NTU.
Optimization of Multi-Objective Crop Pattern Based on Water and Fertilizer Resources Allocation
Authors: Hu Zhong Ke , Liu Chao , Zhuang Wen Hua , Liu Tie Gang , Li Zhuo
Published: February 2014

To enhance the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer resources, and improve agricultural ecological environment in resettlement area, a crop planting structure optimization model was established by the use of multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) method, and solved by two-phase algorithm. In this model, multiple targets, such as the economic, social and ecological benefits of this region were taken into account. The results showed that the MOLP model and its solution were feasible and practical. The optimized area of rice, corn and tobacco reduced by 16%, 100% and 76% respectively, and the optimized area of wheat and sugarcane increased by 82% and 78% compared with the current planting area. And the net economic and social benefits increased by 4% and 62%. The optimization scheme played a guiding role in the adjustment of agricultural structure, and promoted the sustainable development of agriculture in resettlement area.
Abies georgei Population Structure and Dynamics of the Baima Snow Mountain, Yunnan, China
Authors: Zhao Ru , Deng Xi Qing , Wu Gong Sheng , Li Li
Published: February 2014

Climate change will result in the distribution range of plants that have changed and the impact on wildlife habitat quality. We will explore the Baima Snow Mountain Nature Protection AreaAbies georgeipopulation structure change and climate change impact on the growth ofAbies georgeipopulation, which can offer theoretical basis for biodiversity protection. Understanding the ecological characteristics is necessary to analyse its population structure and probe into the causes. We set up 27 sample plots for field study above 3300m of Baima Snow Mountain in the northwest of Yunnan Province. We mapped age class distribution and number of survival individuals at different altitudes for analyzing the population age, structure and quantitative characteristics.Abies georgeihas a stable development on mid-altitude. The population at mid-altitude showed a growing trend with a large proportion of saplings and number of individuals decreased with increase of age. The age structure and densities of low altitude shows a distinct increase in the number of survival individuals. Compared with other altitudes,Abies georgeipopulation of each age classes is reasonable, except declining of age class I. The abnormal growth of juveniles at low and high altitudes, which may be caused by climate changes, becomes the disadvantage ofAbies georgeipopulation in the future.
Analysis on Growth Characteristics of Poa viridula
Authors: Zhou Chan , Zhang Zhuo , Guo Jun Yue , Guo Sha
Published: February 2014

Growth characteristics of nutritional and reproductive tiller of Poa viridula L. were studied with no quadrate sampling method. The results showed that the number of leaves and biomass of nutritional tiller were more than reproductive plants, but the height was less than reproductive plants. The biomass and plant height of nutritional or reproductive tiller was in line with the exponential function relationship, leaf biomass and plant biomass accorded with the linear relationship. The growth of reproductive organs spike, spike length and biomass of reproductive plants conformed to the power function relationship, and had reached a very significant level.
A Study on the Conservation and Development of Dendrocalamus sinicus Form Yunnan, China
Authors: Hui Chao Mao , Yang Xiong Yi , Liang Ni , Chen Fang
Published: February 2014

Dendrocalamus sinicus is an endemic species in southwestern Yunnan, China, and it is the the largest bamboo in the world. It can grow to more than 30m tall with 30cm in diameter. Its culms yield per unit area is 5-8 times as that of Phyllostachys pubscens that is now popularized as a major economic bamboo species in China. So it is one of the most excellent economic bamboo species in south China and in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Based On the investigation of the biological characteristics and present seed resources situation of Dendrocalamus sinicus, the paper discusses the limitations of its natural population distribution, its fragile growth and propagation, and its rich meaning in culture. The authors suggest that this species be included in the list of wild plants for priority protection in China, nature reserve of Dendrocalamus sinicus (ecological and cultural) be established in its main distribution areas and that its scientific protection and industrial development be carried out as soon as possible.
Effects of Ozone and Drought on Physiological Characteristics of Three Seedling Types in South China
Authors: Ye Long Hua , Li Qiu Jing , Xue Li , Lie Gan Wen , Hou Xiao Li , Chen Hong Yue
Published: February 2014

Seedlings ofMichelia macclurei,Cinnamomum camphoraandRhodoleiachampioniiwere placed in open-top chambers (OTC) with two ozonic treatments including E40 (nature air, 40 ppb) and E150 (150 ppb) and two water treatments. Physiological indexes such as chlorophyll, soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, MDA and SOD of three seedling types were evaluated. With increasing experimental time, chlorophyll content generally decreased or remained steady, soluble sugar content increased followed by a decrease and SOD activity increased for the three seedling types in ozone treatment, drought treatment or ozone-drought intercross treatment. Contents of soluble protein and proline increased for the three seedling types in ozone treatment and drought treatment. The MDA content increased forM. macclureiandC. camphorain ozone treatment and drought treatment and forR. championiiin the three stress treatments. Principal component analysis indicated that the resistance abilities of ozone, drought or intercross stress for the three seedling types wasC. camphoraseedlings >M. macclureiseedlings >R. championiiseedlings.
A Microfluidic Cytometer for Quantitative Evaluation of Radiation Dose by γ-H2AX
Authors: Wang Jun Sheng , Song You Nan , Sun Jin Yang , Chu Hui , Jiang Jin Hu , Pan Xin Xiang , Sun Ye Qing , Li Dong Qing
Published: February 2014

Evaluation of radiation dose is very important for the detection of radiation damage. γ-H2AX is a popular biological dosimeter to evaluate the radiation effect. Typically, bulky and expensive commercial flow cytometers are used to detect γ-H2AX. This paper presents a miniaturized and highly sensitive cytometer using a microfluidic chip for evaluating the radiation dose by detecting the mean immunofluorescence intensity of γ-H2AX. A compact optical focusing system and a shift-phase differential amplifier are designed to improve the detection sensitivity. Sample lymphocyte cells are stained by FITC fluorescent dye after being irradiated by UVC. Comparison experiments between the developed miniature cytometer and a commercial flow cytometer were conducted under different radiation doses. The developed microfluidic cytometer can also demonstrate a good linear correlation between the measured fluorescence intensity and the irradiation dose with a detection limit similar to that of the commercial flow cytometer. The developed cytometer can evaluate quantitatively the radiation dose by the mean fluorescence intensity of γ-H2AX with a significantly smaller amount of blood samples than a commercial flow cytometer.
A Portable Diagnostic and Treatment System of Abnormal Gait Using Acceleration and Gyroscope Signal
Authors: So Ha Ju , Kim Seong Hyun , Kim Dong Wook
Published: February 2014

In this study suggested a portable gait abnormality diagnosis system using a sensor signals that can identify the type of abnormality and a portable treatment system that can be used in everyday life. The gait abnormality diagnosis system is consisted of sensor and convert, a transmitter, a receiver and software. And the gait abnormality treatment system developed consists of a sensor, a signal processor, a power supply and hardware with vibratory stimulation applicator. The diagnosis and treatment system for gait abnormality designed in this study can be used for gait abnormality treatment in clinical practice. The diagnosis system for gait abnormality has many advantages. And the easy treatment option in daily life comes from accurate stimulation application sites and timings based on the diagnosis result.
The Analysis of Body Movement during a Fall by Using a Wireless Sensor Module and the Development of a Fall Detection Algorithm
Authors: Kim Seong Hyun , Kim Dong Wook
Published: February 2014

As the society ages, the number of falls and fractures suffered by the elderly is increasing significantly in numbers. However, studies with reliable statistics and analysis on falls of this specific population were scarce. Fractures due to falls of the elderly are potentially of critical severity, and, therefore, it is important to detect such incidents with accuracy to prevent fractures. This necessitates an effective system to detect falls. For this reason, we induced simulated falls that resemble actual falls as much as possible by using a fall-inducing apparatus, and observed the movement of the body during the falls. The movement of the body was sensed using 3-axes acceleration sensors and bluetooth modules, which would not obstruct the movement as wired sensors or movement analysis systems would do. Using the acceleration data detected by the sensors, a fall detection algorithm was developed to detect a fall and, if any, its direction. Unlike existing studies that used sum-vectors and inclination sensors to detect the direction of falls, which took too much time, the system developed in this study could detect the direction of the fall by comparing only the acceleration data without requiring any other equations, resulting in faster response times.
Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles in the Presence of Oyster Polysaccharides and the Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Yang Meng Tao , Li Feng , Wang Yu Chao , Liu Q.Y.
Published: February 2014

A simple method for synthesis of nanoselenium using oyster polysaccharides as soft template was investigated. The uniform stable selenium polysaccharides were obtained under the condition of reaction temperature 40°C, reaction time 3 h-5 h, the content of oyster polysaccharides 400mg/L and the content of sodium selenite 1mM. The size distribution and morphology of the product were confirmed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and tansmission electronic microscope (TEM). The antioxidant activity of nanoselenium polysaccharides were studied in vitro. The results showed that nanoselenium polysaccharide is an effective hydroxyl radical and DPPH radical scavenger.
Cultivation Technique of Selenium-Enriched Cordyceps militaris
Authors: Zhang Hong , Zhang Hong Mei , Han Li , Wang Sheng Hou
Published: February 2014

Cordyceps militaris has similar chemical composition, nutrition value, and medicinal functions as Cordyceps sinensis. However, its main medical composition such as cordycepin is much higher than that of the wild C. sinensis species. In addition, it is easier to cultivate artificially than C. sinensis. Thus, C. militaris is chosen as the best substitution for C. sinensis. This paper introduces the pharmacological effects of C. militaris and the effect of selenium on human body. It also summarizes ways of improving the content of selenium in artificially cultivated C. militaris and the optimal conditions for its cultivation. Low concentration of selenium in the medium can stimulate the growth of C. militaris mycelium. However, selenium of high concentration in the medium prevents its growth and decreases the conversion efficiency from inorganic to organic selenium.
Analysis and Study on GNSS Data in the Three Gorges Area
Authors: Jia Zhi Ge , Liu Gang , Wang Wei
Published: February 2014

This paper first introduces geological background of the Three Gorges Reservoir and then reviews composition of the Three Gorges GNSS deformation monitoring network. The GNSS monitoring strategy from 2010 to 2012 is elaborately analyzed from technology design, field observation, data processing and deformation analysis. vertical deformation showed a subsidence trend in around the dam and near the Yangtze River，Vertical deformation showed a uplifting trend in TG14 station and TG13station. The results show that the three-year’s variation of the crustal deformation is small, and then the surface structure variation is stable in present around the Three Gorges Reservoir area.
A Parallel Simulation Method for Performance Analysis of GNSS
Authors: Hou Hong Tao , Li Qun , Wang Chao , Chang Qiang , Wang Wei Ping
Published: February 2014

In this paper, we proposed a parallel simulation method for performance analysis of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based on simulation model portability 2(SMP2) and service-oriented modeling method. GNSS is a space engineering system with a large-scale and complex structure, and the proposed method can be used to construct large complex simulation systems to gain the reusability, composability and interoperability of heterogeneous simulation resources. Firstly, the method including the conceptual framework, system architecture and system engineering process is introduced. Then the parallel model development, composition and schedule method are detailed respectively. Finally, a distributed M&S environment based on service-oriented SMP2 is designed, and an example of navigation system volume simulation is given to validate the whole method.
Functional Dependency Network Analysis of Security of Navigation Satellite System
Authors: Wang Yue , Zhang Wang Xun , Li Qun
Published: February 2014

Satellite navigation systems are running in complex electromagnetic and space environment. There is few research studies the threat and protect ability of navigation system. Lacking of qualitative data makes it difficult to analyse the security of it. In this paper, we applied Functional Dependency Network Analysis (FDNA) to solve this problem. FDNA studies how the impact caused directly by attack spreads in the overall system through the dependencies between function nodes of system. Then we are able to assess the operability of the application of navigation system. This method avoid considerable statistic experiments. Make full use of principle data. Provide constructive decision making comments.
Research of Transformation Models between Urban Independent Coordinates and CGCS2000 Coordinates
Authors: Meng Qing Wu , Meng Lu
Published: February 2014

In case of no errors of known coincidence points coordinates the plane coordinate transformation model equation with four parameters and the plane coordinate transformation model equation with six parameters are derived, this algorithm needs not composed normal equation from error equation, which is verified by examples about transformation between the urban plane coordinate and CGCS2000 plane coordinate. Finally the some beneficial conclusions have been got.
Characteristics of Tight Oil in the Dolomicrite Reservoir: A Case Study of Xingouzui Formation, Jianghan Basin, China
Authors: Zhou Min Yue , Wei Long Ming , He Ji Rong , Pei Qiu Ming , Li Wei , Tian Ye
Published: February 2014

Low-Xingouzui Formation II reservoir in the Xingou region of Jianghan Basin belongs to tight oil reservoir. By means of study about the geochemical characteristics of source rocks, lithology, physical property and pore structure characteristics, this paper confirms that the source rocks of Low-Xingouzui Formation II are mostly above medium in content of organic matter. The hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly of type II. The thermal maturity of most samples is immature-low mature. Dolomicrite and terrigenous clastic (intraclast) dolomite are the most favorable reservoir facies. The reservoir has mid to high porosity and extremely low permeability, and its space is dominated by dolomite dissolution with micro throat pore structure. This oil reservoir distributes widely and quasi continuous, while good conditions of petroleum formation exist. It could hopefully become new increasing point of Jianghan’s oil and gas output that has broad development prospects and studying value.
Fast Reconstruction of Velocity Structure for Seismic Logging
Authors: Han Guo Hua , Yun Peng , He Xiao Ling , Liu Rong Ping , Li Chuan
Published: February 2014

Based on the velocity contrast of rocks, the seismic logging is to study the relationship of the velocity-depth by using the seismic wave data acquired in borehole. The concept of average velocity used in conventional method of seismic logging data may lead to a wrong interpretation. With help of the raytracing technique, This paper deals with the seismic logging data by Fast Reconstruction (FR) technique to obtain a fine velocity structure in borehole. The results from numerical modeling show that the method can be used in complicated structure with a fast computation and high accuracy.
Development and Prototype Features of Evolution in the Yangtze Basin
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Liao Zong Ting
Published: February 2014

The marine sedimentary basin evolution was developed from Jinning movement in the Yangtze and the peripheral region. The continental basin had generated in Middle and Late Triassic. In the Late Proterozoic Early Paleozoic, the tectonic evolution of the phase development and evolution of the basin could be divided into three stages, namely Qingbaikou-Early Sinian, Late Sinian Middle Ordovician, and Late Ordovician Blog Silurian. Three important stages of evolution were Devonian-Early Carboniferous, Late Carboniferous-Early Permian, and Late Permian-Middle Triassic in Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic. Ancient southern continent of Asia had been further proliferation as the Indosinian movement in Middle and Late Triassic.
Applied the Prestack Fracture Prediction Technique in HSX Region
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhang Guo
Published: February 2014

The fractured reservoirs will inevitably become a significant field as the focuses of oil and gas exploitation are gradually shifted from shallow exploitation to deep one and from conventional reservoirs to unconventional ones. This paper has done a lot of study to do with the prestack seismic gathers in the HSX region, such as processing of the prestack preserved amplitude, stacking of the sub-azimuth, migration and forward modeling of the fracture segments and fracture prediction of structural causes based on the analysis of the stress fields. The paper has also detected anisotropic fractures according to the prestack azimuth AVO and QVO characteristics in this region and finally predicted the direction and density map of fractures in the HSX region.
Petrophysical Study on Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Liu Wei Fu , Liu Shuang Long , Han Hong Ying
Published: February 2014

In light of complex lithology and serious heterogeneity of carbonate reservoir, the paper presents a comprehensive study of petrophysical characteristics of it. By using available well log data and fuzzy mathematical method, a lithologic model for identification of carbonate reservoir is developed. According to recognized fractural types, a model for fractural porosity interpretation is established. By way of correction of small core sample using big sample, relationship between core porosity and effectively estimated well log porosity is built up, obtaining effective porosities. Using different fractural types and dual lateral log data, a model for fluid saturation explanation is set up. Furthermore, these models and measured information are used for feasibility evaluation of them, reaching higher consistency and satisfied results.
Inversion-Phase Tectonic Styles and its Oil and Gas Geological Significance in Hailar Basin
Authors: Zhang Shao Chen , Sun Hao , Fang Wen
Published: February 2014

In hailaer basin as an example, the paper discusses the types, characteristics, forming conditions and petroleum geological significance of the inversion-phase structures. It is summarized that the characteristics of the three structural types. Non-superimposed newborn extrusion structures, positive inversion structures, and twisting inversion structures, forming in tectonic inversion period of the basin. It also analyzes the forming conditions of the three. The forming conditions of former is the existence of strong extrusion stress field, has not suffered deformation or slight deformation of rock zone in synrift period, and that there are deep and shallow slip planes in the basin. Points out that the inversion-phase structures are the main trap types in extensional basin,that the tectonic inversion period is the mass period of oil and gas migration, which have good matching relationship with inversion-phase structures. Therefore, the traps provided by the tectonic inversion as the most favorable oil and gas gathering place.
Integrated Study of 3D Gas Reservoir Geological Modeling of North in Su11 Block
Authors: Jin Zhi Guo , Zhang Dan , Tang Da Zhen
Published: February 2014

As the reservoir heterogeneity causes that the production accumulation of gas well has the large differences among gas wells and the gas production of a few wells decline fast, the 3D gas reservoir modeling is used for the reservoir heterogeneity characterization. By the 3D gas reservoir modeling of integrating the geological facies information into the facies modeling, a reasonable model of He8 and Shan1 formation was built, which includes the structural model, the facies model, and the reservoir properties model. Based on the model analysis, the gas sandstone belt distribution lies along the direction of from north to south. The gas sandstone in the 4, 5, 6 small layers of He8 and the 8 small layer of Shan1 is better than others. The horizontal well positions were proposed in the study area with better gas sandstone in the 3D gas reservoir model.
Fatigue Analysis of Wenchuan Scientific Drilling BHA under Complex Conditions
Authors: Tang Sheng Li , Sun Li Hai , Yang Liang , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2014

Longmenshan earthquake fault zone has experienced several earthquakes in history, the formation is extremely broken and contains some very loose and strong water-sensitive shale formation. Due to the complexity of engineering of geological conditions, drilling accident-prone. In this paper, for example WFSD-4 well, and use of ANSYS Workbench to establish a simplified of fracture accident of WFSD-4 well drill collars, analysis stress and fatigue damage of BHA model. The results showed that the maximum stress occurs at the bottom of the drill string, the first position of fatigue failure is in the drill string at the bottom of the drill bit, the entire drill string fatigue life is 1.66 × 10e9 cycles, and through the analysis to guide the design, manufacture and use of BHA.
Determination Method of the Supporting Intensity of Fully-Mechanized Face in Deeply Inclined Medium-Thickness Seam
Authors: Guo Zhong Ping , Duan Hui Qiang , Feng Fan , Zhang Gui Yin
Published: February 2014

According to the occurrence conditions of deeply inclined coal seam of 81206 working face in Yanya coal mine, methods including transmission rock theory calculation and numerical calculation based on the relationship between supports and surrounding rock are used to calculate and analyze. The proper working resistance of support is 5979.2kN and the supporting intensity is 0.8~0.95MPa. The regression equation associated with roof subsidence displacement , thickness of the coal seam, working face length and supporting intensity is accomplished, which provides theoretical basis for the support selection.
Model Test and Application Research of Micro-Pile on Landslide Control
Authors: Tang Sheng Li , Zhou Le , Han Bei Bei
Published: February 2014

It is a new trend to control landslide by using anti-sliding composite structure of micro-piles combined with other engineering measures. At present, it is extensively applied to engineering practice for convenient construction, low cost, grouting pressure enhances the stability of landslide strikingly etc. Based on the analysis of the mechanism anti-sliding of micro-pile, characteristics of micro-piles under horizontal supporting force are studied by modest test. Finally, checking the sheer stability of micro-pile and combining with engineering example proves the feasibility and reliability of micro-pile on landslide control.
Research on Flotation of Copper Sulfide Ore in Yunnan Province
Authors: Zhang Tie Min , Fang Jian Jun , Jiang Tai Guo , Wang Shan , Mao Ying Bo
Published: February 2014

Floatation experimental research is carried out on a certain complicated ore containing mixed sulphides in Yannan province. For the characteristics of the mine and the scene of the test requirements, the use of mixed flotation-separation process has achieved a successful recovery of useful elements. Combination inhibitors can effectively achieve the separation of copper and sulfur .Under the proper process conditions ,the good technical indexes were obtained.
Recovery Cu from a Copper Oxide Ore by Flotation and Leaching
Authors: Lv Chao , Wen Shu Ming , Bai Shao Jun , Wang Yi Jie , Chen Ci Yun
Published: February 2014

The copper oxide ore is high oxidation ratio and the high combination ratio with a low grade of Cu 0.71%. Copper concentrate of Cu 15.02% with a recovery of 38.55% was obtained by flotation. The optimum acid leaching conditions were investigated. Effects of lixiviant concentration, solid-to-liquid ratio, leaching time were investigated. The acid leaching efficiency was 78.75% relative to flotation tailings. By the combination of flotation and acid leaching flotation tailings, most of the Cu in the minerals can be enriched, the total recovery of copper reached 86.85%.
Application of Well Temperature Logging in Coalbed Methane Well Fracture Effectiveness Evaluation
Authors: Xiong Xian Yue , Cao Dai Yong , Jiang Yun Tao , Bian Li Heng , Wang Wei , Wang Lei , Liu Qi
Published: February 2014

Mature oil well temperature logging technique was applied to coalbed methane wells in order to monitor the fracture height and guide the fracturing and drainage. The results show that, after fracture treatment, fracture height was bigger than that of perforated interval, and mainly extended upward. In the case of 11# coal seam in Taiyuan formation of Permian, Upper Palaeozoic, overlying K2 limestone were all cracked through, while in the case of 3# and 5# coal seam in Shanxi formation of Permian, Upper Palaeozoic, overlying sandstone section in some wells was cracked through. In the former case, the fracturing curve shows fracture pressure higher than 27MPa, pump off pressure higher than 20MPa, and high pressure dropping rate over 0.4MPa/min, while the fracture pressure lower than10MPa, pump off pressure lower than 5MPa and low pressure dropping rate that generally under 0.1MPa/min in the latter case. Fracture height is directly influenced by crustal stress of the rock cracked by fractures, and tends to become bigger with the increase of fracture pressure and pump off pressure. To achieve desired results after coalbed methane reservoir stimulation treatment, a restriction of fracture pressure during fracturing process is recommended to control fracture height.
An Analysis on the Current Market of Non-Agricultural Construction Land in Urban and Rural Areas of China
Authors: Yuan Ye , Ma Lu , Yang Gang Hua , Liu Jun Ting , Li Wen Yu , Jing Guo Bin , Xiang Zheng Qi
Published: February 2014

In our country, the double track system management of land ownership and land use rights has caused the separation between urban and rural construction in land market. The collective non-agricultural construction land entering into market for transfer is inevitable for the construction of socialist market economy. But the current construction of land market is still in a state of separation in the most parts of China. Obviously, the allocation of land resources is inefficient in this state. The paper introduces emphatically the current land use situation of urban and rural construction in China from the theoretical research, the main body of urban and rural market, and the system of foundation.
Analysis on the Relationship between the Effect of Diversity and Innovation of Technology in Chinese Cities
Authors: Xia Lei , Liu Cui Cui
Published: February 2014

Improving the capacity of urban technological innovation is the only way to develop urban economy and improve national innovation capacity. From the perspective of the technology spillover effect of the different industrial agglomeration mode, we select the prefecture-level cities of 23 provinces in China from 2008 to 2010 and use empirical analysis.The results suggest that: The research on the innovation of civil technology in China imply that the relatively diverse industrial cluster, that is to say the Jacobs' externality, could accelerate this process. Both of educational expense and GDP affect the innovation of urban technology positively and significantly. FDI doesnt make a significantly effect on the innovation of urban technology.
Study on the Spatial Pattern of Urbanization Level and Economic Development Level in Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Shan Bao Yan , Meng Fei
Published: February 2014

In order to study the spatial pattern of the urbanization level and economic development and their relationships in Shandong peninsula urban agglomeration, principal component analysis (PCA) were used to calculate the comprehensive development level of urbanization and economic development, and GIS were used to analyze their spatial pattern. The research results showed that the urbanization and economic development levels have high correlation in Shandong peninsula urban agglomeration; the urbanization levels of all cities in Shandong peninsula urban agglomerations will continue to improve, but the urbanization speed is becoming slow. We get two enlightenments from the results: The current advance of urbanization in some areas of Shandong peninsula urban agglomeration phenomenon is worth of attention and vigilance; and the cause of the low level of urbanization is a relatively low level of economic development.
The Characteristics of Biological Nutrient Removal in a SBR through Aerobic Granular Sludge
Authors: Yao Wen Yi , Yang Guo Jing , Lu Chen , Xu Tao , Yuan Kai , Yang Shuang Shuang
Published: February 2014

The characteristics of biological nutrient removal was investigated with aerobic granular sludge in an anaerobic/aerobic SBR system. The anaerobic/aerobic SBR system showed a very stable phosphorus, nitrogen and organic carbon removal performance. The average removal rate for NH4+-N, total inorganic nitrogen (TIN), PO43--P and CH3COO--C reached 97.8%, 89.7%, 96.8% and 98.8%, respectively, when dissolved oxygen concentration in the aerobic phase was controlled at 1~2mg/L, with 80~90min anaerobic phase followed by 240min aerobic phase during the SBR cycle. The nitrification, denitrification, aerobic phosphate uptake and anoxic phosphate uptake could occur simultaneously in aerobic granular sludge under aerobic condition. The microorganism population in the granular sludge has a diversification, the formed microecosystem is more stable and the ability to withstand shock loading and the self-regulation ability are stronger.
Urban Green Planning and Sustainable Development: A Case of China
Authors: Dou Xiang Sheng , Wang Jing , He Ya Ting
Published: February 2014

The core and foundation of urban sustainable development is urban green planning, as urban green planning will directly determine the structure, morphology and results of the future development of city. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between urban green planning and sustainable development. The research indicates that, at this stage the focus of China's urban green planning is the construction of new production and consumption pattern oriented to low-carbonization development. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the associated legislation for urban green planning and development, to draw up and promulgate associated norms, and to reinforce evaluation and supervision for it.
Study on Sustainable Construction Characteristics of Sichuan Vernacular Architectures
Authors: Yang Chun Yan , Min Shu
Published: February 2014

With rich experience of sustainable construction, Sichuan vernacular architectures are gradually formed in a long Construction period, during which the ancient adapt to natural environment and social conditioning. This thesis summarizes some ecological characteristics of Sichuan vernacular architectures and refines some sustainable characteristics of architectures construction. By using an empirical approach, the sustainable measures of vernacular architectures are preliminarily summarized. The sustainable experience concerning Sichuan vernacular architectures, such as layout, lightening, ventilation, dehumidification, damp-proof and materials selection of roof, are expected to bring some inspirations to modern community construction.
Discussion on Evolution of Focal Points of China's Urbanization: Based on Keywords Analysis of Papers from CNKI during 1992-2011
Authors: Li Jun , Dong Suo Cheng , Li Ze Hong , Mao Qi Liang , Huang Yong Bin , Wang Fei , Guo Peng , Wang Jun Ni
Published: February 2014

Based on 24528 papers from China Knowledge Infrastructure during 1992-2011, we analyzed evolution of topics, theories, methods, and case regions. Results showed the hottest keywords changed from township enterprises, peasant workers to urbanization agglomeration, land use and environment. Evolution of hot topics is always tracing Chinese urbanization process. Theories are appearing dynamic, micro, and comprehensive. Dynamic econometric model has been main theory in industry structure research. Micro research on institutional modeling, urban agents environmental behaviors and peasant workers phycology has emerged. Modeling on land use and ecological environment effect has been more and more comprehensive. The hottest methods are mainly from statistical analysis. Evaluation on environmental effects of urbanization increases greatly in recent years while study on mechanisms of urbanization is still increasing slowly. Hottest case regions were mainly fast urbanization regions in East China including Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong, while West China was studied as a whole.
Research on the Expropriation Compensation Scope of Farmland in China
Authors: Yuan Ye , Chen Hui Ling , Long Jing Hua , Ma Lu , Liu Jun Ting , Li Xing Yu , Yuan Yu Min , Wan Qian Shan
Published: February 2014

The scope of expropriation compensation is one basic element of the expropriation compensation system, and whether it is correct is a main measure for protecting the lost-land farmers' interests. The compensation scope of farmland expropriation in our country has some loopholes at present, needing to be perfected from different aspects.
A Study on the Evolution Rule and Culture Analysis of the Spatial Form of Ancient Towns in Yuanshui River Basin
Authors: Zhou Hong , Wu Guo Zheng , Hu Dong Xiang
Published: February 2014

The drainage basin of Hunan Yuan River is mysterious because of its multi-ethnic culture. A lot of cities and towns were built along the Yuanshui River because of its convenience in water transportation. Yuanshui River is a complete, unique, diverse and an inseparable group culture system with a series of features like environment complexity, multi-culture integration and long history. This article aims at providing a reference to the construction of modern cities and towns in this drainage basin through a thorough study on the evolution rule of the form of the historical cities and towns along Yuanshui River and a study on the unique multi-ethnic culture features that influenced the form of the ancient towns.
Architectural Art Design in Visual Field of Ecological Aesthetics
Authors: Bao Yu , Xu Bao Hui
Published: February 2014

This paper introduces the architectural art design based on ecological aesthetics. The philosophical foundation, thinking ways and research methods of ecological aesthetics are described detailedly. The architectural art design which absorbs the advantages of ecological aesthetics shows the beauty of architecture. This is beneficial attempt from three aspects, namely whole vision, cultural ecology and aesthetic participation. All these research promote the development of architectural art design.
Landscape Architectural Design of Ecological Sightseeing Park
Authors: Xu Bao Hui , Bao Yu
Published: February 2014

Ecological tourism park is a new form of tourism emerging in recent years, which have very important significance to the new rural construction. The design of landscape architecture in ecological park is still at the exploratory stage. This paper presents the design idea, design method of landscape architecture. In order to improve the design level of architectures in the ecological park, the method of integrating the architectural art, design technology and environment is proposed.
Coupling Coordinative Degree of Tourism-Economy-Environment System - Take Resource-Based Cities in Shanxi Province as a Case
Authors: Guo Peng , Dong Suo Cheng
Published: February 2014

As typical cities of natural resources exploitation and processing, to make less reliant to natural resources and to regain more Sustainable development power are important issues and pressing tasks for resource-based cities in China. Based on the theory of ecological civilization and sustainable development, this study formulated a coupling coordinative model of tourism-regional economy-ecological environment system, and made a comparison with the coupling relationship among the tourism-regional economy-ecological environment system using 2005-2010 statistics data of three typical cities in Shanxi province by entropy method, which reaches the following conclusions that: It found widespread coupling interaction in the compound system of tourism-regional economy-ecological environment in these three cities; Differences in the aspects of tourist market, geographical location, industrial structure, tourism resources, urbanization process and climatic conditions are the keys to form the coupling relationship; Evaluation on the coupling coordinative degree provides a useful reference for sustainable development of tourism industry in future.
Review of Study of Ecological Risk Management
Authors: Yang Hong Juan , Wang Lu Yao
Published: February 2014

With the development of society, the ecological risks continue to produce; ecological risk management is becoming urgent. This paper uses the literature research methods, focusing on the origin of ecological risks, the arising of ecological risk management, the ecological risk assessment model, and the relationship between ecological risk assessment and ecological risk management. Based on research at home and abroad, the paper proposes shortcomings of current research and three areas for further study in the future.
An Analysis of Decoupling of Economic Development and Environmental Pressure Based on the Park Level: A Case of TEDA
Authors: Bai Wei Nan , Qiao Qi , Yao Yang , Sun Qi Hong , Song Yu Yan , Xu Yang
Published: February 2014

Based on the decoupling elasticity model, an analysis is carried out on decoupling relationships between GDP and indicators of resource consumptions and pollutant emissions in Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA). Decoupling elastic coefficients (DECs) of GDP and energy consumption & water usage for nine years (2003-2011) along with the counterparts between GDP and emissions of COD & SO2 for six years (2006-2010), are calculated respectively. The results are as follows: first, the overall trends between development of GDP and intensity of resource consumptions and pollutant emissions per unit of GDP turn out to be almost perfect decoupling relationships. Second, the DECs of GDP and total energy consumption (TEC), along with weak or better decoupling in 6 of 7 years, displays in good condition from 2005 to 2011 and the ones of GDP and total water usage (TWU) improves a lot, compared to the period of 2004-2007, with a more favorable form of strong or weak decoupling during the period of 2008-2011. Third, strong (40%) or weak (60%) decoupling are witnessed among all the DECs between GDP and COD & SO2 for five years from 2006 to 2010. It is concluded that construction of eco-industrial park, the main practice of industrial ecology and theory of circular economy, accompanied with circulating fluidized transformation, is powerful driving force for TEDA to realize decoupling relationships between economic growth and environmental pressures and can contribute to achievement of decoupling at bigger level, country or regions.
Research of Knowledge Transfer Mechanisms and Environmental Uncertaint towards Renewable Energy in Thailand
Authors: Tsou Chun Wang , Supakarapongkul Pakarapong , Pornjirattikal Saksit , Huang Yin Tsuo
Published: February 2014

This explanatory research explores the relationship among environmental uncertainty, knowledge transfers mechanisms, dynamic capability, and competitive advantage. A total of 235 project managers employed by energy companies in Thailand were invited to participate in the study. The findings indicated that (a) through knowledge transfer mechanisms, project teams could develop an energy enterprises core competence and build its competitive advantage, (b) the relationship between environmental uncertainty and knowledge transfer mechanisms is negative, and (c) dynamic capability and competitive advantage have a positive relationship. The limitations of the study regarding generalization, and recommendations for future research to replicate the study in other countries, are also included.
Research Progress in the Effects of Heavy Metals on Activated Sludge Microorganisms
Authors: Dong Guo Ri , Yan Kai Li , Wang Ji Bin
Published: February 2014

The paper introduces the research status and progress of domestic and overseas researches on the effects of heavy metal ions on activated sludge microorganisms. The analysis of the research results show that the effects of heavy metals on microorganism vary with metal type, form and concentration.
Research on Environmental Tax to Affect the Economic Development and GHG Mitigation in Beijing, China
Authors: Zou Yu , Song Jun Nian , Mizunoya Takeshi , Yabar Helmut , Higano Yoshiro
Published: February 2014

As the most industrialized and urbanized region, Beijing plays as a demonstration role to show the impact of environmental policies on the economy development and GHG mitigation. In this paper, we constructed a dynamic input-output model introducing the different levels of environmental taxes. It not only can choose the optimal tax level, explore the relationships between economy and environment, but also can analyze the future trends of the economy and GHG intensity from 2010 to 2025. The objective function is the maximized GRP, subject to GHG emissions constraint and a series of subjective functions. The simulation results illustrated that with the GHG emissions constraint as 1.5 times of the 2010 level, carbon tax as 50 CNY/t CO2-e is effective to promote the economic development and GHG emissions mitigation. Annual growth rate of GRP can be up to 6.1%. The economic growth rate increases 0.3% compared with the condition when not introducing the policies. In 2025, the GHG intensity will be 43.5 t CO2-e/million CNY, 38.8% reduced compared with the 2010 level. This research proves that the proposed environmental tax is effective to promote the economic development and GHG mitigation.
Research on the Mechanism and Capacity of CO2 Stored in Abandoned Coal Mine Gob
Authors: Hou Xing Wu , Huang Ding Guo , Li Hang Zheng , Chen Hai Feng , Peng Xuan
Published: February 2014

To explore new pathways of CO2 geological storage, the mechanism of CO2 stored in abandoned coal mine gob was analyzed through the investigation of the gobs exploitation current situation. Methods to calculate the capacity to store CO2 was proposed based on establishing mathematical model. This paper presented suggestions about how to carry out research in the future. Research suggests that after the coal mine is abandoned, there are large underground spaces consisting of rock cavities of gob caving zone, rock fissures of fractured zone, and permanent residual laneways, which CO2 can be stored, and there will be tremendous sequestration potential. Compared with deep aquifers storage, the space has the advantages of larger scale porosity, simpler storage mechanism, easier injection, more abundant geological data, etc. At the same time, the space also remains problems such as lower seal strength and failure of overburden strata easily causing CO2 leaks, etc. This paper suggests that six aspects should be further researched in the future.
Urban Air Quality Grade Evaluation Based on Cluster Analysis
Authors: Li Xin Yan , Wang Yan , Zhang Hui , Chen Hong Jing , Zhang Jing Tian
Published: February 2014

Understanding the air quality grade difference among cities in our country plays a role in promoting the improvement of the city air quality and the sustainable development of human environment. This paper analyzes the air quality of the main 31 cities in China with the methods of cluster analysis and correspondence analysis, and according to the index related to air quality, cluster analysis classifies these areas air quality into 5 kinds. The result shows that Haikou and Lhasa rank top 2 in air quality, but Lanzhou and Urumqis air has been polluted most heavily.