bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Substitutions in SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Selected by Protease Inhibitor Boceprevir Confer Resistance to Nirmatrelvir
Authors: Gammeltoft Karen Anbro , Zhou Yuyong , Ryberg Line Abildgaard , Pham Long V. , Binderup Alekxander , Hernandez Carlos Rene Duarte , Offersgaard Anna , Fahnøe Ulrik , Peters Günther Herbert Johannes , Ramirez Santseharay , Bukh Jens , Gottwein Judith Margarete
Published: September 2023

Nirmatrelvir, which targets the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), is the first-in-line drug for prevention and treatment of severe COVID-19, and additional Mpro inhibitors are in development. However, the risk of resistance development threatens the future efficacy of such direct-acting antivirals. To gain knowledge on viral correlates of resistance to Mpro inhibitors, we selected resistant SARS-CoV-2 under treatment with the nirmatrelvir-related protease inhibitor boceprevir. SARS-CoV-2 selected during five escape experiments in VeroE6 cells showed cross-resistance to nirmatrelvir with up to 7.3-fold increased half-maximal effective concentration compared to original SARS-CoV-2, determined in concentration–response experiments. Sequence analysis revealed that escape viruses harbored Mpro substitutions L50F and A173V. For reverse genetic studies, these substitutions were introduced into a cell-culture-infectious SARS-CoV-2 clone. Infectivity titration and analysis of genetic stability of cell-culture-derived engineered SARS-CoV-2 mutants showed that L50F rescued the fitness cost conferred by A173V. In the concentration–response experiments, A173V was the main driver of resistance to boceprevir and nirmatrelvir. Structural analysis of Mpro suggested that A173V can cause resistance by making boceprevir and nirmatrelvir binding less favorable. This study contributes to a comprehensive overview of the resistance profile of the first-in-line COVID-19 treatment nirmatrelvir and can thus inform population monitoring and contribute to pandemic preparedness.
Extracellular Vesicles as a Translational Approach for the Treatment of COVID-19 Disease: An Updated Overview
Authors: Serretiello Enrica , Ballini Andrea , Smimmo Annafrancesca , Acunzo Marina , Raimo Mariarosaria , Cantore Stefania , Di Domenico Marina
Published: September 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic in the years 2020–2022. With a high prevalence, an easy route of transmission, and a long incubation time, SARS-CoV-2 spread quickly and affected public health and socioeconomic conditions. Several points need to be elucidated about its mechanisms of infection, in particular, its capability to evade the immune system and escape from neutralizing antibodies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer-delimited particles that are involved in cell-to-cell communication; they contain biological information such as miRNAs, proteins, nucleic acids, and viral components. Abundantly released from biological fluids, their dimensions are highly variable, which are used to divide them into exosomes (40 to 150 nm), microvesicles (40 to 10,000 nm), and apoptotic bodies (100–5000 nm). EVs are involved in many physiological and pathological processes. In this article, we report the latest evidence about EVs’ roles in viral infections, focusing on the dual role of exosomes in promoting and inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection. The involvement of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived EVs in COVID-19 treatment, such as the use of translational exosomes as a diagnostical/therapeutic approach, is also investigated. These elucidations could be useful to better direct the discovery of future diagnostical tools and new exosome-derived COVID-19 biomarkers, which can help achieve optimal therapeutic interventions and implement future vaccine strategies.
Streptococcus pyogenes: Pathogenesis and the Current Status of Vaccines
Authors: Wang Jiachao , Ma Cuiqing , Li Miao , Gao Xue , Wu Hao , Dong Wenbin , Wei Lin
Published: September 2023

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus; GAS), a Gram-positive coccal bacterium, poses a significant global disease burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Its manifestations can range from pharyngitis and skin infection to severe and aggressive diseases, such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. At present, although GAS is still sensitive to penicillin, there are cases of treatment failure for GAS pharyngitis, and antibiotic therapy does not universally prevent subsequent disease. In addition to strengthening global molecular epidemiological surveillance and monitoring of antibiotic resistance, developing a safe and effective licensed vaccine against GAS would be the most effective way to broadly address GAS-related diseases. Over the past decades, the development of GAS vaccines has been stalled, mainly because of the wide genetic heterogeneity of GAS and the diverse autoimmune responses to GAS. With outbreaks of scarlet fever in various countries in recent years, accelerating the development of a safe and effective vaccine remains a high priority. When developing a GAS vaccine, many factors need to be considered, including the selection of antigen epitopes, avoidance of self-response, and vaccine coverage. Given the challenges in GAS vaccine development, this review describes the important virulence factors that induce disease by GAS infection and how this has influenced the progression of vaccine development efforts, focusing on several candidate vaccines that are further along in development.
Study of Dietary Emodin on Immune Defense in Megalobrama amblycephala against Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Xu Peng , Wang Xiao-Li , Song Li-Ping , Wu Jun , Wang Bing-Li , Hu Bin , Mao Shu-Quan , Liu Bo , Ge Xian-Ping
Published: September 2023

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of emodin on the total bacterial count and immune response in various tissues of Wuchang bream infected with A. hydrophila. The experimental diets were made by supplementing emodin at 0, 30, 100, and 150 mg kg−1 to basal (control) diet, respectively, and fed to fish with an initial weight of 50.4 ± 2.35 g. All fish were divided into five experimental groups: uninfected fish fed with basal control diet (negative control, NC), infected fish fed with the diet supplemented with 0 (positive control group, PC), 30 (30), 100 (100), and 150 mg/kg (150) of emodin. The fish were reared for 14 days and sampled at different time points. The results showed that the total bacterial count in the kidney, blood, and liver tissues of Wuchang bream infected with A. hydrophila was significantly affected by the supplementation and feeding time of emodin. At the beginning of the experiment, the difference in total bacterial count among the groups was not significant. On day 1, the total bacterial count in all groups was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the negative control group. On day 4, the total bacterial count in all the emodin groups was significantly reduced, and the best bactericidal effect was observed in the 100 mg kg−1 group. In addition, emodin had a significant effect on the immune response of Wuchang bream after infection with A. hydrophila (p < 0.05). Compared with the other groups, the respiratory burst activity, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1) content, and white blood cell count (WBC) in the 100 and 150 mg kg−1 groups could be restored to normal levels in the shortest time (p < 0.05). Furthermore, this study also measured the complement alternative pathway activity (ACH50), plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the fish. The results showed that supplying 100 mg kg−1 emodin to the diet could significantly (p < 0.05) increase the ACH50 activity of the fish. Compared with the positive control (PC) group, the addition of emodin to the diet can inhibit the decrease in SOD activity and the increase in MDA content in the plasma of infected Wuchang bream. In conclusion, supplying 100 mg kg−1 emodin to the diet can enhance the ability of Wuchang bream to resist A. hydrophila infection by reducing the total bacterial count in tissues, increasing the activity of related immune enzymes, and promoting the secretion of cytokines. This provides a theoretical basis for production practice.
Characteristics, Source and Risk Assessment of Soil Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons around Oil Wells in the Yellow River Delta, China
Authors: Wu Yuxuan , Zhao Yilei , Qi Yue , Li Junsheng , Hou Yuchen , Hao Haojing , Xiao Nengwen , Zhi Qiuying
Published: September 2023

The Yellow River Delta (YRD) is the most complete wetland ecosystem in the warm temperate zone of China and is rich in oil resources. However, with petroleum extraction and the development of the economy, pollution of the YRD has been paid increasing attention, in particular, pollution via polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as they have caused great harm to human health and the ecosystem balance. Based on the investigations of a research group in 2009, this study re-collected samples according to the same sampling points and analyzed the concentration, composition, source, ecological risk and health risk of PAHs in 2021. The concentration of ΣPAH16 in the surface soil of YRD in 2009 ranged from 2.6 to 8275.46 ng/g, with an average of 1744.41 ng/g. The concentration of ΣPAH16 in 2021 ranged from 56.25 to 582.56 ng/g, with an average of 149.63 ng/g. Therefore, the pollution situation in the YRD in 2021 was significantly improved compared with 2009. The composition of PAHs in soil in 2009 and 2021 was similar, which was dominated by low-ring PAHs. The evaluation results of the toxicity equivalent factor method showed that there was no potential ecological risk in the soil in 2009 and 2021. The evaluation results of the lifetime cancer risk increment model showed that the incremental lifetime cancer risk models (ILCRs) of soil PAHs in 2009 and 2021 were lower than the safety threshold of 10−6; therefore, there was no carcinogenic risk. The existing management measures for oil wells need to be further promoted to protect the regional ecological environment in the YRD.
Replenishment Impacts on Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality in the Hutuo River Plain
Authors: Zhang Ruolin , Zhang Baoyun , Guo Yuntong , Kong Xiangke , Li Yasong , Liu Yaci , Chen Lining , Gong Qiuli
Published: September 2023

To investigate the influence of the Hutuo River (North China) ecological water replenishment project on the hydrogeochemical processes of groundwater, 64 groundwater samples collected at different time intervals after four replenishment events, and four samples from the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project water, were analyzed for water chemistry. Hydrogeochemical methods such as the Piper diagram, chloride-alkalinity index, and ion correlation were employed to analyze the characteristics of groundwater chemical evolution through replenishment. The results demonstrated that the hydrochemical types of groundwater in the study area underwent significant changes during continuous replenishment in the Hutuo River region. During the initial replenishment period (October 2019), the dominant hydrochemical type of groundwater in the study area was Mg-Na-HCO3-SO4, whereas the dominant type in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project water was Ca-Na-SO4-HCO3. As the replenishment continued, the hydrochemical types of groundwater in the study area evolved into Ca-Na-Mg-HCO3-SO4, Na-Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4, and Ca-Na-Mg-SO4-HCO3. The groundwater experienced a dissolution of calcite, gypsum, nitratine, carbonate rocks, and gypsum, accompanied by dilution effects, resulting in reduced ion exchange as replenishment progressed. The input of the high quality Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project water effectively promoted groundwater quality improvement, leading to an overall decrease or stabilization of components other than Ca2+ in the groundwater. Water quality was assessed using the entropy water quality index, with indicators including Na+, SO42−, Cl−, pH, total dissolved solids, NO3−-N, NO2−-N, F−, Al, As, and Zn. The evaluation results showed that, except for one medium-quality water sample, the water quality of the other samples was suitable for drinking and domestic purposes during the early replenishment period. The Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project exhibited excellent quality (Rank 1), and as replenishment progressed, all water samples demonstrated good quality by October 2020, with a gradual improvement.
Who Are the Young Adults in Portugal? Daily Usage of Social Media and Mobile Phones, in a No-Kids and No-Independent Housing Context—Results from a Representative Online Survey
Authors: Antunes Eduardo , Amaral Inês , Simões Rita Basílio , Flores Ana Marta M.
Published: September 2023

Better theories and practices are constructed through a deep understanding of the subjects involved. In Portugal, young adults aged 18 to 30 are a group sometimes left out because the Portuguese official statistical data does not treat this as an age category by itself, dividing it either into young people or the general idea of adults. Through a social constructivist quantitative approach, this article seeks to construct a profile of young adulthood in Portugal, both in socio-demographic terms and in terms of their relationship with media. An online survey was conducted on a representative sample of young Portuguese adults (18–30 years), guaranteeing a margin of error of ±2.53% at the 95% confidence level. Results reveal that 83.5% of young adults identify themselves as heterosexual, and 83.5% do not have children. The average age of respondents with children is 26 years old. Most young adults (63.5%) live with their parents or other adult relatives, and the vast majority (82.2%) of these parents or relatives with whom they live are employed and have primary or secondary education. Mobile phones (92.8%), laptop computers (84.1%), and TV with a box (78.5%) are the primary media to which the young people in the sample have access. The mobile phone stands out in particular, as 90.2% of those inquired revealed that they use it every day. Social media are identified as the most frequently consumed type of media content (81.1% every day). These findings strengthen the idea of the centrality of the mobile phone in daily lives, especially among young adults, as well as social media platforms. This research helps to understand that the young adult profile in Portugal presents themselves as heterosexual, has no children, lives with parents or other adult relatives, and uses a mobile phone daily, despite having other media available for its use.
Characteristic of genetic variability of angelinskiy carp breeds using microsatellite loci
Authors:   Branch for Freshwater Fishery of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Russian Federation Research Institute of Fishery and Oceanography”, Russia, Moscow Region, Rybnoye, Ivanekha E.V. , Duma L.N. ,   Branch for Freshwater Fishery of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Russian Federation Research Institute of Fishery and Oceanography”, Russia, Moscow Region, Rybnoye, Shart L.A. ,   Branch for Freshwater Fishery of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Russian Federation Research Institute of Fishery and Oceanography”, Russia, Moscow Region, Rybnoye
Published: September 2023

The aim of the work was to study the genetic variability of the English scaly and Angelina mirror carp, characterized by increased resistance to rubella disease, using microsatellite analysis. Polymorphism of six microsatellite dinucleotide loci of the poly (CA) type was studied in last (twelfth) selective generations of Angelinskiy scaly carp and Angelinskiy mirror carp. All examined loci were found to be polymorphic in both Angelinskiy carp breeds. Angelinskiy scaly carps have 6–8 alleles per locus and Angelinskiy mirror carps have 2–7 alleles per locus. Minimal polymorphism level has been revealed at Angelinskiy mirror carps for locus MFW7 with only two alleles. Average allele number per locus of Angelinskiy scaly carps was greater than that of Angelinskiy mirror carps, but lower than that of Moscow Scaly and Moscow Mirror carps, Amur carps and Volga carps. Allelic polymorphism factors of microsatellite loci and high rate of heterozygotes indicated that in last selective generations of two Angelinskiy carp breeds keep high genetic variability levels. Allele length at six microsatellite loci of Angelinskiy scaly carp and Angelinskiy mirror carp and of some other examined carp groups lay in similar size ranges. No characteristic alleles for genetic identification of each from these two breeds have been found at all these loci.
Influence of oxygen regimes of water on the physiological state of fish (review)
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Integrated Fish Farming — branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center for Animal Breeding — VIZH named after academician L.K. Ernst”, Russia, pos. them. Vorovsky, Brigida A.V. , Shishanov G.A. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Integrated Fish Farming — branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center for Animal Breeding — VIZH named after academician L.K. Ernst”, Russia, pos. them. Vorovsky, Elizarova A.S. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Integrated Fish Farming — branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center for Animal Breeding — VIZH named after academician L.K. Ernst”, Russia, pos. them. Vorovsky
Published: September 2023

Breeding of sturgeon fish species in recirculating water supply systems is one of the most promising areas in modern aquaculture. With proper operation of recirculation systems and compliance with the requirements for fish breeding, it becomes possible to reduce anthropogenic pressure on fish populations living in natural reservoirs, as well as provide the country’s population with highquality fish products. The use of recirculating water supply systems for sturgeon breeding has many advantages, such as: a smaller number of compound feeds, automation of the process, saving water used and building a small plant in places near settlements, etc. The only exceptions are the two main disadvantages that cause stress in fish — a low level of oxygen dissolved in water and an increased stocking density of bred individuals. Due to the fact that the issue of stocking density regulation is quite well studied, the issue of oxygen effects on physiological changes in fish is very relevant. The aim of the work was to analyze domestic and foreign literature, which describes the effect of different levels of saturation of the aquatic environment with dissolved oxygen on the viability of sturgeons bred in recirculating water supply systems. This review reflects the existing data on the norms of consumption by sturgeons of oxygen dissolved in the aquatic environment, critical and threshold concentrations that affect the body of aquatic organisms and cause them physiological manifestations with concomitant pathologies. This review also summarizes information describing the current requirements for maintaining the oxygen regime when breeding sturgeons in recirculating water supply installations, the effect of different concentrations of oxygen dissolved in water on the pathophysiological state of aquatic organisms, depending on their weight and age. The article deals with the issue of physiological abnormalities that manifest themselves under hyper- and hypoxic exposure. The consequences of hypoxic exposure with increased planting density in containers intended for keeping aquatic organisms are described.
El lavado de activos en la legislación penal ecuatoriana: Estudio de caso
Authors: Villacreses Palomeque Jorge Luis , Herrera Sabando Williams Adrián
Published: September 2023

El derecho en todas sus ramas tiene como objeto genérico la normativización y regulación de las relaciones sociales en la vida cotidiana, de la necesidad del hombre de sentar las reglas de juego claras en una sociedad para así evitar el desconcierto y consecuentemente la decadencia de la misma. Por ello, este estudio tiene como finalidad presentar el caso acerca de la acusación realizada por la Fiscalía General del Estado en el Proceso Nº 13283- 2020-01071 en contra del Consorcio Pedernales, por el presunto delito de Lavado de Activos, en donde se señalan cuestionamientos respecto a la objetividad que debe de tener este órgano acusador en el decurso de su intervención tanto en la fase pre procesal como procesal. El presente análisis se enfoca en determinar si Fiscalía General del Estado realizo una debida acusación por el delito de Lavado de Activos en contra de las procesados, observando los elementos que conforman el tipo objetivo en relación a todo el actuado en la fase de investigación previa y como deberá confluir la tipicidad ante la presencia de estos. En donde se concluye que la fiscalía no actuó de manera objetiva relacionando los hechos que fueron investigados y todos los indicios recabados en la indagación previa, puesto que al momento de formalizar su acusación lo hace por el Art. 317 del COIP que contempla el Lavado de Activos.
IMPLEMENTASI BUKU III KUHPERDATA TENTANG PERIKATAN PADA PERJANJIAN KERJASAMA ANTARA PT. BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA (PERSERO) TBK, DENGAN AGEN BRILINK. (STUDI PADA PT. BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA (PERSERO) TBK, UNIT STABAT)
Authors: RIYANTI TRI SUCI
Published: September 2023

Through Financial Service Authority (henceforth referred to as OJK), Indonesian Government, creates Branchless Banking to improve financial service and products. PT. Bank rakyat Indonesia (henceforth to as BRI) Tbk, launches BRILink and is bound in a cooperation agreement with BRILink agents to serve banking transactions for society. Some problems are found concerning implementation of the agreement such as imbalanced status between both parties’ causing obstacles in term of both parties’ right and obligation. These obstacles are encountered during the implementation of the agreement between BRI and BRILink agents, particularly in the working area of BRI Unit Stabat. This jurnal analyzes the implementation of principle of balance in the freedom to make agreement as well as all parties’ right, obligations and liabilities in the event of violations and the encounter of abstacles and solutions for them in the implementation of the agreement between BRI and BRILink agents.

The results of this research demonstrate that the principle of balance in the cooperation agreement between PT. BRI and BRILink agents has to be grounded on the principle of good faith in order to create mutually beneficial relationship for both parties because their status in this agreement is factually imbalenced if assesed from power, psychological, and economical sides. All parties in this agreement have rights, obligations, and liabilities specified in the clauses that shall be implemented; and, in the event of a default, they are imposed by the sanctions in line with the contents of the agreement and the prevailing laws and regulations. Consensus meeting shall be taken precedence over other method to settle any obstacles encountered during the implementation of this agreement such as transaction failure, transaction target, profit share, and force majeure.
POLITIK HUKUM PERLINDUNGAN NELAYAN TRADISIONAL TERHADAP ILLEGAL FISHING
Authors: Sitorus Andi Putra , Sinaga Dearma
Published: September 2023

The wealth of fisheries in Indonesia is very large, because Indonesia's ocean area is very wide covering two-thirds of the total territory of the State of Indonesia. This wealth will become useless when it only becomes an easy target for illegal fishing actors, whether it is carried out by corporations or individuals from foreign countries or within their own country. Traditional fishermen are always on the disadvantaged side because of their weak position both managerially and the lack of facilities and infrastructure they have. The government must make policies in the form of legal politics in favor of traditional fishermen, so that traditional fishermen are the spearhead of the management of Indonesia's marine wealth. The method used in writing this thesis is to use a normative juridical approach. The types of data used are primary data, secondary data, and tertiary data. While the method of data collection is done through library research (Library Research). The results of this study show us that the government has made legal policies/politics to protect traditional fishermen in the form of products of laws and regulations at the level of laws and regulations below. In addition, there are also several direct policies carried out in the field related to efforts to protect traditional fishermen related to illegal fishing.
TINJAUAN HUKUM TERKAIT PELANGGARAN KEKARANTINAAN PADA MASA PANDEMI
Authors: - Vellen , Khobert Clarinda , Angelina P Meisia Indah , Pakpahan Emir Syarif Fatahillah , Lubis Andi Hakim
Published: September 2023

In the Covid-19 pandemic situation, Indonesia must take a stance to suppress the spread of this virus. The spread of Covid-19 has the potential to cause a health emergency, so to prevent the spread of the impact of this virus one of which is quarantine measures. For this reason, it is necessary to study the criteria for criminal acts which are categorized as quarantine crimes, how is the application of criminal law related to quarantine crime violations during the Covid-19 pandemic and what are the judges' considerations in deciding case No. 173/Pid.Sus/2021/PT/DKI regarding violations of quarantine crimes during a pandemic. The type of research used is normative law. The nature of the research is descriptive analysis. Data collection techniques in research use libraries (Library Research). qualitative.
Émergence et évolution de la cognition humaine. Apports et limites des approches actuelles. Introduction au volume
Authors: Beaune Sophie A. de
Published: September 2023

Les contributions rassemblées ici visent à faire le point sur les moyens dont on dispose aujourd’hui pour appréhender l’origine et l’évolution de la cognition humaine. Mieux saisir les fondements de ce qui fait notre dispositif cognitif passe par la compréhension de la manière dont il s’est mis en place. Plusieurs voies sont possibles pour aborder la question des aptitudes cognitives des premiers homininés et des anciens Homo sapiens.

La première est d’interroger les vestiges archéologiques pour tenter de reconstituer les opérations techniques dont ils sont le produit et l’usage auquel ils étaient destinés. On peut ainsi faire des hypothèses sur les aptitudes de ceux qui les ont fabriqués et utilisés : leur capacité à planifier, à faire preuve de flexibilité dans la résolution des problèmes, à développer une pensée abstraite, etc. Les fossiles eux-mêmes et en particulier les calottes crâniennes peuvent par ailleurs apporter d’utiles informations sur la forme, le volume et la surface du cerveau grâce à des techniques de numérisation et de reconstitution en 3D de l’endocrâne. Une deuxième étape possible consiste à identifier expérimentalement les aires cérébrales sollicitées pendant une activité donnée puis à tenter de repérer des aires homologues sur l’endocrâne de fossiles d’homininés. À la faveur de la présentation de toutes ces approches, différentes questions sont abordées dans ce volume, telles que l’apparition du langage articulé et celle de la fabrication d’outils. Les recherches concernant l’évolution ontogénétique (c’est-à-dire de la naissance à l’âge adulte) de la cognition sont aussi évoquées dans ce volume, tant chez les Homo sapiens actuels que chez les anciens homininés. Pour les premiers, on s’appuie sur les approches expérimentales, aujourd’hui complétées par des techniques d’imagerie cérébrale et l’électroencéphalographie, voire par la robotique développementale. Pour les seconds, les techniques de numérisation et de reconstitution en 3D de l’endocrâne sont susceptibles, à partir de l’examen de spécimens immatures, d’apporter des informations sur leur croissance et l’évolution de leurs aptitudes cognitives au cours de leur développement. Les données fournies par la cognition animale peuvent également être d’un grand secours tant pour l’étude du développement ontogénétique de l’homme que celle de son évolution phylogénétique. Ces recherches invitent à chercher les continuités et les ruptures entre l’animal et l’homme tant au niveau de leurs comportements et de leurs aptitudes manuelles que de leurs facultés mentales.
İdrar Kültürlerinden İzole Edilen Mikroorganizmaların Antimikrobiyal Duyarlılık Paternlerinin Son On Yıldaki Değişimi
Authors: CİRİT Osman Sezer
Published: September 2023

Amaç: İdrar yolu enfeksiyonları, polikliniklere başvuran hastalara en sık antibiyotik reçete edilen enfeksiyonlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı idrar kültürlerinde üreyen mikroorganizmaların antibiyotik direnç profillerindeki on yıllık değişimi değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı'na 01.01.2013 ile 31.12.2022 tarihleri arasında gönderilen idrar kültürü sonuçları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Mikroorganizmaların tanımlanması ve antimikrobiyal duyarlılıkları iki ayrı sitemle, 2015-2016 yılları arasında BD Phoenix 100 (Becton Dickinson, Maryland, ABD) cihazıyla 2013-2014 ve 2017-2022 yılları arasında ise VITEK-2 kompakt sistemiyle (BioMérieux, Fransa) yapıldı. İzolatların antibiyotik duyarlılık sonuçları 2013-2015 yılları arasında Klinik Laboratuvar ve Standartlar Enstitüsü (CLSI) tarafından tanımlanan klinik sınır değerleri kullanılarak yorumlanırken 2015 sonrası EUCAST (Avrupa Antimikrobiyal Duyarlılık Testi Komitesi) kriterlerine göre değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: En sık görülen mikroorganizma %49 ile Eschericha coli (E. coli) (4898) olurken ikinci en sık etken %13,8 ile Klebsiella spp. (1380) gibi gram negatif mikroorganizmalardı. E. coli ve Klebsiella spp’de en duyarlı antibiyotikler karbapenem ve aminoglikozid grubuyken E. coli’de ampisilin, siprofloksasin ve sefalosporinlere direnç yüzde 60’ın üzerindeyken bu oran Klebsiella spp’de %80 civarında tespit edildi. Çalışmamızda, PİP-TZP, seftazidim, karbapenemler, aminoglikozidler ve kinolonların Acinetobacter spp’ye karşı direnç oranları Pseudomonas spp’ye göre daha yüksekti. Genel olarak direnç Acinetobacter spp. ve Klebsiella spp’da daha ciddiydi ve tüm mikroorganizmaların direnç oranlarında yıllar içinde artış eğilimi vardı.
Sonuç: Daha detaylı kümülatif antibiyogram raporlarının oluşturulması, bu raporların belirlenen sürelerde ilgili kliniklerle paylaşılması, hastanelerde enfeksiyon kontrol komiteleri ile uyum içerisinde çalışacak antimikrobiyal yönetim ekiplerinin oluşturulması, ülke çapında sürveyans programının yapılandırılması; ampirik tedavinin belirlenmesine, antimikrobiyal direnç gelişiminin önlenmesine ve hastane kaynaklı enfeksiyonların kontrolüne katkıda bulunacaktır.
Family stressors and motivation to have a child versus parental stress of mothers
Authors: Lachowska Bogusława , Waluda Marta
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Mothers differ greatly in their psychological adjustment to parenting, with some mothers being more stressed than others. This study aimed to investigate the role of family life stressors related to the relationship with children and spouse, and the motivation to have children in predicting parenting stress for mothers. The project is based on the parental stress theory and the SDT self-determination theory. We examined whether motivation to have children plays a mediating role in the relationship between family stressors and mothers’ parental stress. Method: Parental stress was measured using The Parental Stress Scale (Berry & Jones, 1995). Motivation to have a child was measured using the Motivation to Have a Child Scale (MCS) (Brenning, Soenens, & Vansteenkiste, 2015). The intensity of difficult experiences in the relationship with the child and with the spouse (family stressors) was assessed using the Family Stressors Scale. The study involved 99 mothers who are in a relationship and have at least one child up to 7 years of age. The families of the surveyed mothers had from one to seven children. Statistical analyzes were performed using SEM structural equation modeling. Results: It was found that difficult situations in relationships with children and spouse increase mothers' parental stress. Intrinsic motivation and amotivation mediate the effect that difficult situations in family relationships have on parental stress. Difficult situations in family relationships are negatively related to intrinsic motivation and positively related to amotivation. Intrinsic motivation to have a child is negatively related to parental stress, while amotivation is positively related to parental stress. There was no relationship between external, identified and introjected motivation, neither with parental stress nor with difficult situations in family relationships (family stressors). Conclusions: In confrontation with stressors, the intrinsic motivation to have a child plays a protective role against experiencing parental stress by mothers, while amotivation intensifies this stress. The implications of the results for future research and clinical interventions are discussedThe implications of the results for future research and clinical interventions are discussed
Spis artykułów w języku polskim 3(55)2023
Authors: Kwartalnika Redakcja
Published: September 2023

Spis artykułów w języku polskim 3(55)2023
Evaluation of Earthquake Impacts on Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) Using Google Earth Engine (GEE), Sentinel-2 Imageries, and Machine Learning: Case Study of Antakya
Authors: CİVELEK Neslişah , İNALPULAT Melis , GENÇ Levent
Published: September 2023

Natural disasters, especially earthquakes, known to be the most devastating process that threating human life, ecosystems, and land properties including land use and land cover (LULC). Understanding of such changes may help for rehabilitation processes, as well as presentation of baseline to develop management strategies for further steps. Remote sensing technologies have long been used for determination of change directions and magnitudes after earthquakes while development in cloud-based platforms provided users to avoid issues in storage and processing costs, effectively. In present study, it was aimed to determine LULC changes occurred around Antakya city of Hatay after February 06, 2023 and February 20, 2023 earthquakes, which caused serious losses. Moreover changes within 5 km zone from central coordinates were also investigated by considering individual subzones with 1 km width. One of the most widely used machine learning algorithm, random forest (RF), was used classify Sentinel-2 imageries via Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Accuracy assessment procedures were implemented to determine reliabilities of LULC2022 and LULC2023, and accuracies were found over 0.85. Investigation of overall changes have revealed that areas of forest (F) and cultivated fields (CF) were considerably decreased while concrete (C), natural vegetation (N) and water (W) areas have increased. Dispersal of collapse buildings resulted in increase of C class not only at city level, but also within each subzone of 5 km buffer zone. Classification of Sentinel-2 imageries through RF algorithm in GEE provided rapid and reliable results for determining changes in Antakya, whereby periodically monitoring of further changes strongly suggested.
Exploring Blind and Low-Vision Youth’s Digital Access Needs in School: Towards Accessible Instructional Technologies
Authors: Shaheen Natalie L.
Published: September 2023

Blind and low-vision (BLV) youth have been excluded from technology-mediated learning in school for two decades due to the systemic inaccessibility of K-12 instructional technologies. Accessibility guidelines that address BLV youth’s needs would help schools address this systemic inequity. But such guidelines do not yet exist nor does the robust knowledgebase required to write them. Herein, I report three key findings from a mixed methods user study of BLV youth's lived experiences learning with access technologies (AT) and instructional technologies in U.S. schools. First, these youth participants are using a broader range of AT than youth in previous studies. Second, the youth in this study frequently developed their AT literacy outside of school and most did not begin developing AT literacy in earnest until they were teens. Third, the youth defined accessible instructional technologies as those that are (1) easy to learn to use and (2) easy to use to learn and they used an inquiry process to evaluate accessibility. Building on the findings, I offer six preliminary design guidelines for accessible instructional technologies. Finally, I urge other scholars to study BLV youth’s digital access needs so that standards setting bodies eventually have sufficient data to write youth accessibility guidelines.
Building Awareness about the Dangers of Smoking and Its Impact on the Environment
Authors: Achmad Musfirah , Mirza Togobu Dian , Aliyah St Nurul , Baharuddin Baharuddin
Published: September 2023

Awareness about the dangers of cigarettes and their impact on the environment is an important aspect in efforts to maintain public health and nature preservation. Strong counseling and education is key in building this awareness. This community service aims to build public awareness about the dangers of cigarettes to human health and the environment and encourage positive actions to reduce their negative impacts. The methods used in community service include three stages, namely the planning stage, the implementation stage, and the evaluation stage. In conclusion, with joint commitment from various parties, we can build strong awareness about the dangers of cigarettes and encourage positive changes in people's behavior, both in terms of personal health and environmental conservation. First, robust and ongoing education about the dangers of cigarettes should be a key focus. By providing robust and relevant information, the public can understand the serious consequences of smoking and why it is important to avoid it. Then, a community-based approach involving families, schools, communities, and workplaces is important. Collaboration between stakeholders is needed to create a culture that does not support cigarette consumption
Pelatihan Pengisian Beban Kerja Dosen (BKD) Berbasis Sistem Informasi Sumber Daya Terintegrasi (SISTER)
Authors: Iryani Iryani , Yulianto Harry
Published: September 2023

Lecturer Workload (BKD) is a detailed report on Tri Dharma Higher Education activities carried out by lecturers which includes education and teaching activities, research, community service, and supporting activities which are reported every semester. The purpose of the training activities is to increase lecturers' knowledge, understanding and skills in filling out BKD through SISTER, increase lecturers' understanding of BKD provisions in accordance with applicable operational guidelines, and increase lecturers' awareness of the obligation to complete portfolio evidence for filling in BKD independently through SISTER. The methods used to achieve the training objectives are lecture, practice and discussion methods. The results show that there is an increase in lecturers' understanding of training materials and awareness for filling out the BKD portfolio through SISTER. Recommendations for further activities in order to improve the quality and career development of lecturers, namely training in the publication of scientific articles, training and writing community service activities in community service journals.
Pendampingan Pengelolaan Keuangan Bagi Penyandang Disabilitas SLBN 1 Denpasar
Authors: Prawitasari Putu Putri , Puspadewi Anak Agung Ayu Intan , Kesuma Dewi Ni Ketut Ari
Published: September 2023

Penyuluhan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kehidupan penyandang disabilitas dan keluarganya dengan meningkatkan kesadaran dan literasi keuangan di antara mereka.Â Ketidaksetaraan serta adanya stigma negative bagi penyandang disabilitas, khususnya siswa SLBN 1 Denpasar, menggerakkan kami untuk menjembatani kesenjangan pendidikan dengan memberikan beberapa penyuluhan dan pelatihan menabung sejak dini serta investasi. Metode yang digunakan melalui penyuluhan yang bertujuan meningkatkan pemahaman serta kesadaran siswa-siswi SLBN 1 Denpasar. Penyuluhan dilaksakan secara offline bertempat di SLBN 1 Denpasar dengan 60 peserta.Â Hasil dari pelatihan dan post test yang diberikan, sebanyak 95 persen para peserta dapat menjelaskan dan paham pentingnya pengelolaan uang sejak dini dan mulai sadar akan pentingnya investasi. HalÂ Â iniÂ Â dapatÂ Â diimplikasikanÂ Â bahwa mitraÂ Â Â mendapatkanÂ Â Â signifikansiÂ Â Â pemahamanÂ Â Â dariÂ Â Â materiÂ Â Â yang disampaikanÂ Â Â pemateriÂ Â dalamÂ Â Â penyuluhan pengelolaan keuangan. SehinggaÂ Â terdapatÂ Â transferÂ Â pengetahuanÂ Â danÂ Â komparasiÂ Â efisiensi dariÂ Â sebelumÂ Â adanyaÂ Â penyuluhan pengelolaan keuangan bagi disabilitas dan pasca penyuluhan pengelolaan keuangan kepada mitra.Â
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Sumogawe dalam Pembuatan Pupuk Organik dengan Metode Fermentasi Em4
Authors: Saefudin Slamet , Apondala Apondala , Afif Ilham Yustar , Cahyandari Dini , Purnomo Purnomo , Solichan Achmad , Nugroho Hanityo Adi
Published: September 2023

Desa Sumogawe, Kecamatan Getasan, Kabupaten Semarang, mayoritas penduduknya adalah peternak susu sapi yang menghasilkan limbah kotoran sapi melimpah. Banyaknya kotoran sapi yang dihasilkan sampai saat ini belum mampu dimanfaatkan dengan baik oleh masyarakat sebagai produk yang bermanfaat. Pemanfaatan kotoran sapi salah satunya dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan pupuk organik. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan masyarakat desa Sumogawe dengan memberikan informasi dan praktik cara pembuatan pupuk organik dengan fermentasi menggunakan bakteri Effective Microorganisms 4 (EM4). Metode yang dilakukan meliputi sosialisasi dan pelatihan pembuatan pupuk organik dari limbah kotoran sapi yang dicampur dengan air cucian beras dan bakteri EM4. Setelah dilakukan sosialisasi masyarakat menyadari pentingnya pengolahan limbah sapi dan cara pengolahan menjadi pupuk dengan fermentasi bakteri EM4. Kegiatan pelatihan dengan praktik langsung telah berhasil membuat produk pupuk berbahan kotoran sapi yang dikemas dengan baik. Dari kegiatan ini, masyarakat mendapat pengetahuan dan mampu membuat pupuk organik untuk tanaman warga tanpa harus membeli pupuk di pasaranKata kunci: Pupuk organik, Kotoran sapi, Fermentasi, EM4
Hemocromatosis hereditaria y la importancia de las mutaciones en el gen HFE
Authors: Obelleiro-Campos Alexandre Xabier , Ribera-Pérez Marta , Malagón-Corominas Cristian , Aharchi-Amghar Jamila , Claver-Belver Natalia
Published: September 2023

La hemocromatosis hereditaria (HH) es un trastorno genético recesivo del metabolismo del hierro, que causa la acumulación de hierro en los órganos y tejidos. La HH está relacionada con mutaciones en el gen HFE, la C282Y más frecuente, y secundariamente las mutaciones H63D y S65C. Estas mutaciones impiden la ubicación correcta de la proteína HFE en la membrana celular, resultando en un aumento en la absorción intestinal y la acumulación de hierro intracelular. A pesar de que la HH es un trastorno genético común en caucásicos, la penetrancia de la enfermedad es relativamente baja, la que resulta en una gran variabilidad en los fenotipos clínicos y bioquímicos. Los exámenes bioquímicos son la primera herramienta para abordar el diagnóstico de estos pacientes, principalmente la saturación de la transferrina y la ferritina sérica, y su diagnóstico genético se realiza mediante la identificación de mutaciones en el gen HFE o en otros no-HFE. De igual forma, es crucial evaluar periódicamente el metabolismo del hierro en individuos con antecedentes familiares de la enfermedad o en pacientes que presentan aumentos inexplicables de la ferritina o del hierro sérico, ya que una identificación precoz mejora considerablemente el pronóstico de la HH, permitiendo un manejo terapéutico acorde al genotipo HFE o no-HFE, y grado de expresión de la enfermedad.
Machine learning-based energy use prediction for the smart building energy management system
Authors: Sari Mustika , Berawi Mohammed Ali , Zagloel Teuku Yuri , Madyaningarum Nunik , Miraj Perdana , Ramadhan Pranoto Ardiansyah , Susantono Bambang , Woodhead Roy
Published: September 2023

Smart building is a building development approach utilizing digital and communication technology to improve occupants' comfort inside the building and help increase energy usage efficiency in building operations. Despite its benefits, the smart building concept is still slowly adopted, particularly in developing countries. The advancement of computational techniques such as machine learning (ML) has helped building owners simulate and optimize various building performances in the building design process more accurately. Therefore, this study aims to assist energy efficiency design strategies in a building by identifying the features of the smart building characteristics that can potentially foster building energy efficiency. Furthermore, an ML model based on the features identified is then developed to predict the level of energy use. K-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) algorithm is employed to develop the model with the openly accessible smart building energy usage datasets from Chulalongkorn University Building Energy Management System (CU-BEMS) as the training and testing datasets. The validation result shows that the predictive model has an average relative error value of 17.76%. The energy efficiency levels obtained from applying identified features range from 34.5% to 45.3%, depending on the reviewed floor. This paper also proposed the dashboard interface design for ML-based smart building energy management.
DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO DAN CURRENT RATIO DALAM MENENTUKAN HARGA SAHAM MELALUI RETURN ON ASSET PADA PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN SUB SEKTOR BATU BARA TBK DI BEI TAHUN 2018-2021
Authors: Syah Aditiya Risqiyanto , Wahyuni Ika , Subaida Ida
Published: September 2023

Mining companies are companies that engage in various production activities such as general research, exploration, feasibility studies, construction, mining, management and refining, transportation and sales, as well as post-mining management. Mining companies are one of the main contributors to Indonesia's foreign exchange earnings. The purpose of this research is to analyze and determine the impact of Debt to Equity Ratio and Current Ratio on stock prices through Return on Assets in the coal mining sub-sector of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The analysis and testing method used in this research is the Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM).

The hypothesis testing results using Smart PLS 3.0 application indicate that Debt to Equity Ratio has a postive but not significant effect on Return on Assets. Current Ratio has a negative and not significant effect on Return on Assets. Debt to Equity Ratio has a positive and significant effect on stock prices. Current Ratio has a negative and not significant effect on stock prices. Return On Assets has a positive but not significant effect on stock prices. The indirect hypothesis testing results show that Debt to Equity Ratio has a positive but not significant effect on stock prices through Return on Assets, and Current Ratio has a negative and not significant effect on stock prices through Return On Assets.