bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As vertentes epistemológicas presentes em artigos nacionais sobre o TDAH no período de 2017 a 2021
Authors: Kojo Josiane Teixeira da Silva , Mombelli Monica Augusta , Moura Cynthia Borges de
Published: March 2022

O Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) é um tema que provoca grande debate no âmbito social e acadêmico, além de ser considerado um desafio para as áreas de saúde e educação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as vertentes epistemológicas presentes nas diferentes abordagens sobre o TDAH, através da pesquisa bibliográfica. Foram pesquisados artigos nas bases de dados: Portal CAPES, Scielo e Google Acadêmico. A pesquisa foi norteada pela pergunta: quais as motivações epistemológicas da pesquisa expressas na literatura relacionadas ao TDAH? Foram selecionados 15 artigos, através de um recorte temporal dos últimos cinco anos. O estudo demonstrou que as pesquisas referentes ao TDAH apresentam alguns aspectos de certa forma, contraditórios, sendo importante que o pesquisador, conheça o referencial teórico e metodológico dos autores e qual o seu posicionamento frente ao problema em estudo, tendo em vista, a influência direta no resultado de sua pesquisa.
Efeito antifúngico de α-pineno isolado e em associação com antifúngicos frente às cepas de Candida albicans
Authors: Barros Daniela Bomfim de , Lima Luanna de Oliveira e , Silva Larissa Alves , Fonseca Mariana Cavalcante , Diniz-Neto Hermes , Rocha Walicyranison Plinio da Silva , Beltrão Gheorgia Victoria de Medeiros , Castellano Lúcio Roberto Cançado , Guerra Felipe Queiroga Sarmento , Silva Márcia Vanusa da
Published: March 2022

Causada por fungos do gênero Candida spp., a candidíase é relatada como problema de saúde pública, ocasionando infecções superficiais e sistêmicas. O aumento de cepas resistentes isoladas e a elevada toxicidade dos antifúngicos convencionais, têm estimulado a busca por alternativas a este cenário, tais como bioprodutos ou compostos isolados, como exemplo, os terpenos.  Desta maneira, faz-se importante investigar a atividade antifúngica de α-pineno isolado e em associação com antifúngicos frente a cepas de Candida albicans. Para isso foram determinadas a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e a Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM), pela técnica de microdiluição em caldo do terpeno isolado e o ensaio de associação (checkerboard) entre o α-pineno e antifúngicos, como fluconazol e anfotericina B. O α-pineno apresentou uma CIM entre 128 e512 µg/mL e a CFM teve os mesmos valores de CIM frente às cepas 8 cepas ensaiadas. As demais concentrações não foram possíveis determinar a CFM, devido ao crescimento fúngico ser maior ou igual a CIMx4 (limite do teste). No ensaio de associação, a interação α- pineno e fluconazol foi indiferente, já as combinações entre α-pineno com a anfotericina B e a nistatina obtiveram efeitos sinérgicos. Assim, este estudo fortalece o α-pineno como um promissor agente antifúngico, pois este exibiu forte atividade inibitória frente a cepas de Candida albicans., com natureza fungicida. Adicionalmente, há a possibilidade deste ser utilizado de forma associativa aos derivados poliênicos (anfotericina B ou nistatina) como alternativa no tratamento da candidíase. Deve-se destacar que mais estudos precisam ser realizados acerca do mecanismo de ação e toxicidade deste composto.
Avaliação da orientação familiar prestada a usuários de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde no município de Lagarto
Authors: Santos Gilberta Guadalupe de Souza , Santos Marianne Dias dos , Costa Júlia Guimarães Reis da , Albuquerque Tales Iuri Paz e , Teles Claúdia Patricia Souza
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Avaliar a orientação familiar prestada a usuários de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) localizada no município de Lagarto-SE. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, analítico, transversal e quantitativo realizado com usuários maiores de 18 anos, assistidos pela Unidade Básica de Saúde Dr. Davi Marcos no município de Lagarto, Sergipe. Foram incluídas pessoas acima dos 18 anos, residentes no território área da UBS, que receberam ou estão à procura de atendimento. Foi utilizado o componente de Orientação Familiar do Instrumento Primary Case Assessment Tool (PCATool) – Brasil versão adulto, além da análise de acordo com Critério Brasil proposto pela Associação Brasileira de Empresa de Pesquisa (ABEP). Os testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis foram utilizados para verificar a associação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas. Resultados: Os dados obtidos refletem um público em sua maioria, mulheres com idade média 56, escolaridade de ensino fundamental, baixa renda e autônomas. Os doentes crônicos representaram 41% da amostra. Quanto à orientação familiar, foi obtido um valor médio de escore de 4,8, classificando-a como insatisfatória, seguindo a mesma classificação ao distinguir entre grupos de doentes e não doentes. Conclusão: O atributo de Orientação Familiar é classificado como insatisfatório no público geral da APS. Além disso, foi visto um público com a maioria mulheres, baixa renda, com ocupação de atividade do lar ou desempregadas.  Os doentes crônicos representaram boa parcela da população, e esse grupo foi representado também por mulheres e maiores de 60 anos.
Vulnerable populations in South America and facing the pandemic: what can our experiences reveal to the world?
Authors: Matias Tális Pereira , Imperador Adriana Maria , Botezelli Luciana , Riondet-Costa Daniela Rocha Teixeira , Costa Vívian Ariane de Oliveira , Moreira Letícia de Alcântara
Published: March 2022

The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic brought an unimaginable health and humanitarian crisis to humanity, in addition to the need to rethink our way of life in society. The objective of this paper was to present data on the evolution of the pandemic in South America and the first confrontation measures adopted by governments, highlight the importance of scientific dissemination and demonstrate how social inequalities, especially in traditional vulnerable communities, can further impact small isolated populations. The exploratory study used secondary data from scientific articles, legal regulations, and informational and/or official communications, in relation to the advance of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the South American continent.  The results showed the importance of science in the dissemination of measures to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the need for a prioritization and logistical plan for vaccination and disease prevention in traditional vulnerable communities, and that the lack of access to connectivity, as an alternative to educational actions in a moment of social isolation, can further increase social inequalities. It was concluded that environmental education can directly contribute to the democratization of scientific information, collaborate in the construction of strategies to face the pandemic in South American countries in partnership with Governments and Non-Governmental Organizations, and facilitate the resumption of social and educational activities, seeking the construction of inclusive public policies and environmental justice, besides reducing inequalities.
Síndrome de Apert: desafios do diagnóstico pré-natal ao tratamento com ênfase na base genética
Authors: Paz João Victor Carvalho da , Alves Luanna Oliveira , Araújo Júnior Francisco Airton Veras de , Freire Letícia Castro , Marques Júlia Gomes , Neves Milena Dara Farias de Jesus , Restier Vinícius Santos Mendes , Paz Igor Penha , Silva Ana Paula Beatriz Mendes , Lima Daniel Meira Nóbrega de , Silva Luís Carlos Machado e , Simili Amanda Barcelos , Mota Beatriz de Sá , Ferraz Renata Bezerra , Freitas Camila Melo de
Published: March 2022

Introdução: A síndrome de Apert é uma condição congênita rara caracterizada por estenose craniofacial associada à sindactilia das mãos e pés. Seu manejo deve ser precoce e multidisciplinar. Quase todos os indivíduos afetados têm craniossinostose coronal, e a maioria também tem envolvimento das suturas sagital e lambdóide. Metodologia: A plataforma de busca nos seguintes sites: SciELO, Brazilian Journal of Neurosurgery, Arquivos Ciência Saúde, Jornal americano de neurocirurgia, PUBLAB e o PUBMED. Os descritores foram: “Apert syndrome”; “Craniosynostosis”; “Fronto-orbital advancement” e “Hydrocephalus”. Resultado e Discursão: O terço médio da face na síndrome de Apert é subdesenvolvido e retruído; um subconjunto de indivíduos afetados tem fenda palatina. A mão na síndrome de Apert sempre inclui a fusão dos três dedos médios; o polegar e o quinto dedo às vezes também estão envolvidos. A sua gravidade reside na coexistência de várias malformações com risco de hipertensão intracraniana crónica responsável pela cegueira e debilidade mental. A obstrução multinível das vias aéreas pode estar presente e pode ser devido ao estreitamento das passagens nasais, obstrução das vias aéreas com base na língua e/ou anomalias traqueais. A ventriculomegalia não progressiva está presente na maioria dos indivíduos, com um pequeno subconjunto com hidrocefalia verdadeira. Uma minoria de indivíduos afetados apresenta anormalidades cardíacas estruturais, malformações gastrointestinais verdadeiras e anomalias do trato geniturinário. Conclusão: A síndrome de Apert é uma das doenças craniofaciais mais graves distúrbios. A maioria exigirá uma cirurgia de abóbada craniana intervenção, e muitos exigirão mais de uma. A necessidade para um avanço facial médio também é muito prevalente.
Resiliência e satisfação com a vida em gestantes, frente ao COVID-19, no teleatendimento multidisciplinar da Atenção Básica da Saúde no SUS
Authors: Finoti Kamila , Ferro Amanda Costa , Abreu-Pereira César Augusto , Selegato Victor Pastre , Antonelli Maria Vitoria , Moffa Eduardo Buozi , Ferreira Rebeca Garcia Rosa
Published: March 2022

A gestação é um momento importante na vida das famílias e, levando-se em consideração a psicodinâmica do puerpério, podemos considerar como uma fase de crise evolutiva. Na Atenção Básica da Saúde às gestantes, no SUS, o acompanhamento do pré-natal inicia com envolvimento de equipe multidisciplinar e atendimento integral, orientando as gestantes e realizando a promoção de saúde. Em março de 2020, a OMS decretou estado de pandemia do novo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2, e no Brasil, as gestantes e puérperas até o 14º dia após o parto foram enquadradas em grupo de risco. Com o intuito de otimizar os serviços de saúde à população geral e às gestantes, foi possível a utilização dos recursos de comunicação à distância. A resiliência é um produto dos credos individuais que leva a um estado de flexibilização para o enfrentamento das adversidades, e consequentemente, traz impactos à satisfação com a vida. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a resiliência e satisfação com a vida das gestantes no teleatendimento multidisciplinar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa longitudinal, exploratória e quantitativa. Quinze voluntárias gestantes foram recrutadas para o estudo. O instrumento utilizado foram os questionários de Resiliência e Satisfação com a Vida. Embora em um curto período de aplicação, o teleatendimento multidisciplinar, no período da pandemia da COVID-19, garantiu bons resultados em relação a resiliência e satisfação com a vida.
Avaliação do desempenho de um aerogerador de pequeno porte
Authors: De Grandi Davi José , Siqueira Jair Antonio Cruz , Bohn Carlos , Tokura Luciene Kazue
Published: March 2022

Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a viabilidade econômica de geração de energia eólica na área urbana de Cascavel – PR, com a finalidade de atender a demanda de uma residência unifamiliar. O experimento foi realizado por meio da coleta e análise de dados de desempenho de uma turbina eólica de pequeno porte da marca Greatwatt, modelo S-600, instalada no Centro de Análise de Sistemas Alternativos (CASA), do campus de Cascavel da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste).  Para isso, as informações de produção de energia elétrica da turbina e da energia eólica disponível foram obtidas em ensaio de campo, medindo os valores de velocidade de vento, tensão e corrente elétrica fornecida pela turbina eólica para um conjunto de resistências elétricas que simulam a carga da residência, e foram coletados por um sistema de aquisição de dados constituído por um datalogger Campbell CR1000. Os dados levantados ao final do experimento mostraram uma produção de 1,23 kWh nos 25 dias de coleta perante uma disponibilidade total de 6,6 kWh, resultando num rendimento de 18,7%. Foi realizada, com estes dados, uma análise da viabilidade econômica da implantação do sistema em uma residência na região, concluindo que o sistema ainda é economicamente inviável, pois não chega a cobrir seus custos de implantação ao final de sua vida útil.
“Ethnicizing” the EU's Involvement in Post-conflict Societies: The Case of Ontological Insecurity in Republika Srpska
Authors: KOČAN Faris , ZUPANČIČ Rok
Published: March 2022

The main aim of this paper is to contribute to the literature on ontological security by empirically investigating how the European Union (EU), which is perceived as one of the most important actors that provides means and/ or grounds for overcoming antagonisms through transformation of the ‘Self-Other’ dialectics, fails to become an agent of peace. Drawing on the case of Republika Srpska (RS), a political entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), we aim to understand how the EU’s post-conflict stabilization efforts, which, among others, presuppose the de-intensification of the antagonistic identity narratives, become entrapped in ethnopolitical narratives, and even ‘ethnicized’ by the ethnopolitical elite in RS. To answer these questions, we analyzed news articles at two critical junctures, namely the negotiations on the Stabilisation and Association Agreement (2005–2007) and the Butmir Process (2009), two of the most important EU-driven initiatives in post-conflict BiH. We find that those initiatives, which promised to make BiH more functional and stable, challenged the existing ethnopolitical narratives in BiH, particularly on the side of the ethnopolitical elite in RS.
Speaking Back to Sheldon: Barbara Honeyman Heath as the New ‘Doyenne of Somatotyping’
Authors: Ramachandran Aishwarya , Vertinsky Patricia
Published: March 2022

In 1991, a reviewer of Somatotyping-Development and Applications celebrated author Barbara Honeyman-Heath as the ‘doyenne of somatotyping’, crediting her for ‘entering this embattled arena 50 years after the publication that started it all, William Sheldon's Varieties of Human Physique (1940)’. Sheldon, creator of the somatotype, had been disparaged since the late 1940s for drawing undue relationships among social deviance, temperament and physique. Yet, even as constitutional research was marred by its eugenic underpinnings, interest in the potential connections between physique and temperament persisted. During the 1960s, the somatotyping system was reorganized by Honeyman-Heath, Sheldon's former assistant, who claimed to modify connections between temperament and physique. Joining Margaret Mead in New Guinea she gained access to the Manus community, somatotyping its members and using the data to develop her modified somatotype technique. Collaborating with physical educator Lindsay Carter she was primed to advertise their system widely among physical educators, especially those interested in elite sport. Indeed, the ‘Heath-Carter’ method lent itself well to analyses of sporting performance, contributing to the ongoing fascination of scientists and coaches with the perceived advantages of certain kinds of body types and compositions for athletic achievement, as well as perpetuating simple minded questions about racial differences.
Regional Determinants and Spatial Differentiation of Innovation in Turkey
Authors: TUYSUZ Suat , ALTUĞ Fatih
Published: March 2022

This study investigates the spatial distribution and regional determinants of innovation in Turkey. In this study, we applied regression analysis which is called global (GR) and geographically weighted regression (GWR). The empirical analyses show that human capital as an internal resource and export as an external resource/openness are the determinants of innovation in the Turkish case. GWR showed that these predictors do not affect innovation in every region. Our method differentiates us from other studies in the literature. The research depicted an important image reflecting the policymakers' urging to take the local and regional dynamics into account and their top-down policies on innovation. The present study proves empirically that place-based approaches are needed in innovation policy.
Ag-Incorporated Polydopamine/Tannic Acid Coating on Titanium With Enhanced Cytocompatible and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Zhang Hao , Shen Xiaolong , Fei Zhikui , Fan Xingping , Ma Lan , Wang Haibo , Tian Congxue , Zhang Bo , Luo Rifang , Wang Yunbing , Huang Shengtian
Published: March 2022

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are the most commonly used materials for bone implants. However, implant failure often happens due to bacterial infection. Developing antibacterial coatings on Ti implants is an effective strategy. Dopamine and tannic acid were cross-linked to form coating on Ti through Michael addition and Schiff base reaction. In addition, the Ag ions were grafted on the coating by the redox reaction of phenolic hydroxyl groups. Thus, an Ag-incorporated polydopamine/tannic acid coating was prepared on Ti substrate. SEM, EDS, water contact angle, FTIR, and XRD results demonstrated that the coating was formed on Ti successfully. The antibacterial activity of the coating against Gram-negative E. coli was examined, and the cytotoxicity of the coating was investigated by mouse fibroblast cells. The improvement of hydrophilicity, good cytocompatibility, and antibacterial effectiveness indicates that the coating has potential to surface modification of Ti implants.
Antihypertensive Therapy by ACEI/ARB Is Associated With Intestinal Flora Alterations and Metabolomic Profiles in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Dong Ying , Wang Pan , Jiao Jie , Yang Xinchun , Chen Mulei , Li Jing
Published: March 2022

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) are the first-line drugs for the treatment of essential hypertension (HTN), one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Intestinal flora and microbial metabolites have been demonstrated to play important roles in blood pressure (BP) regulation and HTN development. However, it remains elusive that intestinal bacteria and metabolites are associated with the protective effects of ACEI/ARB anti-hypertensive drugs against HTN. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ACEI/ARB on gut microbiome and metabolites in patients suffering from HTN. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing and fecal metabolomic analysis of 36 HTN patients placed on ACEI/ARB therapy and 19 newly diagnosed HTN patients with no history of anti-hypertensive treatment. Patients under medication treatment were further classified into well-controlled (n = 24) and poor-controlled (n = 12) groups according to their BP levels. The ACEI/ARB improved the intestinal microbiome of the HTN patients by reducing potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacter and Klebsiella and increasing beneficial bacteria such as Odoribacter. Moreover, ACEI/ARB therapy was correlated with significant metabolomic changes in the HTN patients, including progressively enhanced inositol from poor-controlled to well-controlled groups. The profiles of gut bacteria were linked to the production of metabolites, and inositol was negatively correlated with Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Proteobacteria. Our study suggests that ACEI/ARB modulates gut microbial composition and functions and alters microbial metabolites in HTN patients.
Roles of Surfactants in Oriented Immobilization of Cellulase on Nanocarriers and Multiphase Hydrolysis System
Authors: Wang Zhiquan , Fan Chunzhen , Zheng Xiangyong , Jin Zhan , Bei Ke , Zhao Min , Kong Hainan
Published: March 2022

Surfactants, especially non-ionic surfactants, play an important role in the preparation of nanocarriers and can also promote the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. A broad overview of the current status of surfactants on the immobilization of cellulase is provided in this review. In addition, the restricting factors in cellulase immobilization in the complex multiphase hydrolysis system are discussed, including the carrier structure characteristics, solid-solid contact obstacles, external diffusion resistance, limited recycling frequency, and nonproductive combination of enzyme active centers. Furthermore, promising prospects of cellulase-oriented immobilization are proposed, including the hydrophilic-hydrophobic interaction of surfactants and cellulase in the oil-water reaction system, the reversed micelle system of surfactants, and the possible oriented immobilization mechanism.
An Estimation of Online Video User Engagement From Features of Time- and Value-Continuous, Dimensional Emotions
Authors: Stappen Lukas , Baird Alice , Lienhart Michelle , Bätz Annalena , Schuller Björn
Published: March 2022

Portraying emotion and trustworthiness is known to increase the appeal of video content. However, the causal relationship between these signals and online user engagement is not well understood. This limited understanding is partly due to a scarcity in emotionally annotated data and the varied modalities which express user engagement online. In this contribution, we utilize a large dataset of YouTube review videos which includes ca. 600 h of dimensional arousal, valence and trustworthiness annotations. We investigate features extracted from these signals against various user engagement indicators including views, like/dislike ratio, as well as the sentiment of comments. In doing so, we identify the positive and negative influences which single features have, as well as interpretable patterns in each dimension which relate to user engagement. Our results demonstrate that smaller boundary ranges and fluctuations for arousal lead to an increase in user engagement. Furthermore, the extracted time-series features reveal significant (p < 0.05) correlations for each dimension, such as, count below signal mean (arousal), number of peaks (valence), and absolute energy (trustworthiness). From this, an effective combination of features is outlined for approaches aiming to automatically predict several user engagement indicators. In a user engagement prediction paradigm we compare all features against semi-automatic (cross-task), and automatic (task-specific) feature selection methods. These selected feature sets appear to outperform the usage of all features, e.g., using all features achieves 1.55 likes per day (Lp/d) mean absolute error from valence; this improves through semi-automatic and automatic selection to 1.33 and 1.23 Lp/d, respectively (data mean 9.72 Lp/d with a std. 28.75 Lp/d).
Melatonin Engineered Adipose-Derived Biomimetic Nanovesicles Regulate Mitochondrial Functions and Promote Myocardial Repair in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zhang Yang , Yang Ning , Huang Xu , Zhu Yan , Gao Shan , Liu Zhongyang , Cao Feng , Wang Yabin
Published: March 2022

Myocardial infarction (MI), one type of ischemic heart disease, is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Currently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) have been proven to be a potentially promising therapeutic treatment for MI. However, the inconvenience of isolation, the low productivity, and the high cost of EVs greatly limits their application in clinic. In this study, we constructed novel biomimetic ADSC-derived nanovesicles (ADSC NVs) to achieve cell-free therapy for MI. Here, we firstly developed a novel Mel@NVs delivery system consisting of engineered ADSC NVs with melatonin (Mel). Then, the characterization and properties of Mel@NVs were performed. The effect of Mel@NVs on cellular oxidative stress and myocardial infarction repair was conducted. The results showed that Mel@NVs treatment under ischemia mimic condition reduced cell apoptosis from 42.59 ± 2.69% to 13.88 ± 1.77%. Moreover, this novel engineered Mel@NVs could ameliorate excessive ROS generation, promote microvessel formation, and attenuate cardiac fibrosis, which further alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and finally enhance myocardial repair. Hence, the engineered NVs show a potential strategy for MI therapy.
PPARγ Gene Polymorphisms, Metabolic Disorders, and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Song Yongyan , Li Shujin , He Chuan
Published: March 2022

Being activated by endogenous and exogenous ligands, nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) enhances insulin sensitivity, promotes adipocyte differentiation, stimulates adipogenesis, and has the properties of anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. The Human PPARγ gene (PPARG) contains thousands of polymorphic loci, among them two polymorphisms (rs10865710 and rs7649970) in the promoter region and two polymorphisms (rs1801282 and rs3856806) in the exonic region were widely reported to be significantly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Mechanistically, PPARG polymorphisms lead to abnormal expression of PPARG gene and/or dysfunction of PPARγ protein, causing metabolic disorders such as hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, and thereby increasing susceptibility to CAD.
Characteristics of Plastic Greenhouse High-Temperature and High-Humidity Events and Their Impacts on Facility Tomatoes Growth
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhang Xinyu , Yang Zaiqiang , Huang Qinqin , Qiu Rangjian
Published: March 2022

Because of their relatively simple structures, plastic greenhouses in southern China have poor resistance to adverse external weather conditions. Adverse meteorological condition inside the greenhouse is one of the main limiting factors for facility crop production in southern China. Among them, high temperature and high humidity (HTHH) often co-occurred in greenhouses, inducing great losses. Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) are grown under protected environment worldwide. Here, characteristics of HTHH inside plastic greenhouses in southern China were analyzed and tomato was chosen as the sample facility crop to study the effects of HTHH. Daily maximum temperature and average relative humidity (RH) inside plastic greenhouses were simulated using the extreme learning machine (ELM) method to identify HTHH events. The results showed that the plastic greenhouse HTHH events mainly occurred from June to September in southern China, especially in the southernmost region. During 1990 and 2019, the occurrence times and accumulative days of the HTHH events showed a downward trend at 0.3 times/decade and 2.6 days/decade, respectively, which is mainly due to their reduction in July. HTHH affected the growth of tomato, in which high temperature plays a more important role than high RH. Days of flower bud differentiation was more sensitive to HTHH stress than other physiological indexes of tomato. With the increase of the return period of HTHH events, the corresponding losses of physiological indexes of tomato increased, except for the western region, where HTHH events rarely occurred. The results in this study could provide guidance for production and layout of greenhouse-grown tomato, and the research approach can also be applied to other greenhouse-grown crops and meteorological disasters.
Contrasting Narratives of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict in Polish History Textbooks
Authors: Hildebrandt-Wypych Dobrochna
Published: March 2022

The research critically evaluates ways of narrating the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in Polish secondary-school history textbooks. Based on a repeated critical reading and discourse analysis of both Israeli and Arab-Palestinian narratives, the study focuses on the choice of pro-Palestinian and pro-Israeli designations when naming the conflict and the incorporation or silencing of pro-Israeli and/or pro-Palestinian voices in textbook narratives. Reducing Palestinians to a displaced population and depicting Palestinian liberation movement as terrorism are some elements of the anti-Palestinian/pro-Israeli textbook narrative. Reducing Israel to the status of a Zionist State and presenting Zionism as a colonial movement are the examples of pro-Palestinian textbook narrative. The research found that although the over-simplistic “aggressor-victim” format is not dominant, the coverage of Israeli-Palestinian conflict in most of the analyzed textbooks is unbalanced, sometimes even misleading and implying asymmetrical relations between Jews/Zionists and Arabs/Palestinians.
Nature and Quality of Interactions Between Elementary School Children Using Video-Modeling and Peer-to-Peer Evaluation With and Without Structured Video Feedback
Authors: San Nick Caung , Lee Hyun Suk , Bucholtz Victoria , Fung Tak , Rafiei Milajerdi Homa , Katz Larry
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the nature and quality of interactions between 24 students (9 male, 15 female) in an Alberta elementary physical education class using video-modeling and three different peer-to-peer (P2P) evaluation methods. Nature of interaction was determined by the duration of interaction (total, on-task time, off-task time, neutral), the type of comments (positive, constructive, negative), and quality of interaction by the category of feedback (4 categories) from both the evaluators and performers. This study compared structured paper evaluation (SP), unstructured video evaluation using the video feature on iPads (UV), and structured video evaluation using a prototype app on the iPad (SV). The SV condition provided statistically significant results for evaluator on-task, evaluator off-task, and performer on-task, along with increased positive comments from evaluators. The SP condition had significantly more depth of feedback. This study concludes that the use of SV to deliver feedback in a P2P learning environment has the potential to improve the nature of feedback during peer evaluations.
Advances in Knowledge and Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Olsen T. Anders , Zhuang Tony Zibo , Caulfield Sarah , Martini Dylan J. , Brown Jacqueline T. , Carthon Bradley C. , Kucuk Omer , Harris Wayne , Bilen Mehmet Asim , Nazha Bassel
Published: March 2022

Immune-oncologic (IO) therapy has revolutionized the treatment and management of oncologic disease. Immunotherapy functions by enhancing the host immune-systems ability to endogenously clear malignant cells, however, this activation can also lead to immune-mediated damage to healthy native tissues. These side effects are known as immune-related adverse events or irAEs and can even present with phenotypes similar to autoimmune diseases. IrAEs are the major consequence of checkpoint inhibitors and can have a significant impact on a patient’s cancer treatment and long-term quality of life. The management of these irAEs follows a similar approach to autoimmune diseases. More specifically, the management is akin to that of autoimmune disease exacerbations. While there is an array of immune-suppressing agents that can be used, steroids, immunomodulators and IO discontinuation are cornerstones of irAE management. The exact approach and dosing are based on the severity and subtype of irAE presented. Within recent years, there has been a push to better prevent and manage irAEs when they arise. There has been an additional effort to increase the number of steroid-sparing agents available for irAE treatment given the consequences of long-term steroid therapy as well as patient contraindications to steroids. The goals of this review are to summarize irAE management, highlight significant advances made in recent years and emphasize the future directions that will optimize the use of IO therapy in oncology.
Bone Mineral Density Assessment by Quantitative Computed Tomography in Glucocorticoid-Treated Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Linear Mixed-Effects Modeling Approach
Authors: Liu Chuan , Yang Dan-Dan , Zhang Lu , Lei Xian-Gao , Jia Feng-Lin , Liao Yi , Chen Xi-Jian , Ning Gang , Luo Wen , Qu Hai-Bo
Published: March 2022

Objective

Boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are at risk of bone damage and low bone mineral density (BMD). The aim of the study is to examine lumbar BMD values measured by QCT and identify the factors associated with BMD loss using a multilevel mixed-effects model.

Methods

Lumbar BMD was evaluated by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) at diagnosis, 1 and 2 years follow up in patients with DMD who were treated with GC. Demographic data, functional activity scores (FMSs), laboratory parameters and steroid use were recorded. A multilevel mixed-effects model was used to analyze BMD loss.

Results

Nineteen patients with DMD who had a total of sixty complete records between January 2018 and October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. At baseline, 15.8% of patients (3/19) had low lumbar BMD (Z score ≤ −2), and the mean BMD Z score on QCT was -0.85 (SD 1.32). The mean BMD Z score at 1 and 2 years postbaseline decreased to -1.56 (SD 1.62) and -2.02 (SD 1.36), respectively. In our model, BMD Z score loss was associated with age (β=-0.358, p=0.0003) and FMS (β=-0.454, p=0.031). Cumulative GC exposure and serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, 25(OH)-vitamin D and creatinine kinase did not independently predict BMD loss.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that in DMD patients, lumbar BMD decreased gradually and progressively. Age and FMS are the main contributors to BMD loss in boys with DMD. Early recognition of risk factors associated with BMD loss may facilitate the development of strategies to optimize bone health.
Copy Number Variation Analysis of Euploid Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Gu Chongjuan , Gao Huan , Li Kuanrong , Dai Xinyu , Yang Zhao , Li Ru , Wen Canliang , He Yaojuan
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Copy number variant (CNV) is believed to be the potential genetic cause of pregnancy loss. However, CNVs less than 3 Mb in euploid products of conceptions (POCs) remain largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the features of CNVs less than 3 Mb in POCs and their potential clinical significance in pregnancy loss/fetal death.

Methods: CNV data were extracted from a cohort in our institution and 19 peer-reviewed publications, and only those CNVs less than 3 Mb detected in euploid pregnancy loss/fetal death were included. We conducted a CNV map to analyze the distribution of CNVs in chromosomes using R packages karyoploteR_1.10.5. Gene names and annotated gene types covered by those CNVs were mined from the human Release 19 reference genome file and GENECODE database. We assessed the expression patterns and the consequences of murine knock-out of those genes using TiGER and Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) databases. Functional enrichment and pathway analysis for genes in CNVs were performed using clusterProfiler V3.12.0.

Result: Breakpoints of 564 CNVs less than 3 Mb were obtained from 442 euploid POCs, with 349 gains and 185 losses. The CNV map showed that CNVs were distributed in all chromosomes, with the highest frequency detected in chromosome 22 and the lowest frequency in chromosome Y, and CNVs showed a higher density in the pericentromeric and sub-telomeric regions. A total of 5,414 genes mined from the CNV regions (CNVRs), Gene Ontology (GO), and pathway analysis showed that the genes were significantly enriched in multiple terms, especially in sensory perception, membrane region, and tight junction. A total of 995 protein-coding genes have been reported to present mammalian phenotypes in MGI, and 276 of them lead to embryonic lethality or abnormal embryo/placenta in knock-out mouse models. CNV located at 19p13.3 was the most common CNV of all POCs.

Conclusion: CNVs less than 3 Mb in euploid POCs distribute unevenly in all chromosomes, and a higher density was seen in the pericentromeric and sub-telomeric regions. The genes in those CNVRs are significantly enriched in biological processes and pathways that are important to embryonic/fetal development. CNV in 19p13.3 and the variations of ARID3A and FSTL3 might contribute to pregnancy loss.
Identification of a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide From the Ancient Marine Arthropod Chinese Horseshoe Crab, Tachypleus tridentatus
Authors: Wang Wei-Feng , Xie Xiao-Yong , Huang Yan , Li Yin-Kang , Liu Hong , Chen Xiu-Li , Wang Huan-Ling
Published: March 2022

Humoral immunity is the first line of defense in the invertebrate immune system, and antimicrobial peptides play an important role in this biological process. A novel antimicrobial peptide, termed Tatritin, was identified and characterized in hemolymph of Chinese horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus, infected with Gram-negative bacteria via transcriptome analysis. Tatritin was significantly induced by bacterial infection in hemolymph and gill. The preprotein of Tatritin consists of a signal peptide (21 aa) and a mature peptide (47 aa) enriched by cysteine. The putative mature peptide was 5.6 kDa with a theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 9.99 and showed a α-helix structure in the N-terminal and an anti-parallel β-sheet structure in the cysteine-stabilized C-terminal region. The chemically synthesized peptide of Tatritin exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, Tatritin may recognize and inhibit pathogenic microorganisms by directly binding to LPS, DNA, and chitin. In addition, administration of Tatritin reduced the mortality of zebrafish after bacterial infection. Due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity in vivo and in vitro and the sensitivity to drug-resistant bacterial strains, Tatritin peptide can be used as a new type of drug for infection treatment or as an immune enhancer in animals.
YAP Transcriptional Activity Dictates Cell Response to TNF In Vitro
Authors: Caire Robin , Dalix Elisa , Chafchafi Marwa , Thomas Mireille , Linossier Marie-Thérèse , Normand Myriam , Guignandon Alain , Vico Laurence , Marotte Hubert
Published: March 2022

YAP/TAZ are transcription co-factors recently described responsive to pro-inflammatory cytokines and involved in inflammatory-related disorders. However, the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a major pro-inflammatory cytokine, on YAP signaling is not well understood and controversial. Here, we observe in vitro, using wild type and YAP knockout HEK293 cells, that TNF triggers YAP nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity, thus being dependent on Rho family of GTPases. In response to TNF, YAP transcriptional activity orientates cell fate toward survival. Transcriptional analysis with Nanostring technology reveals that YAP modulates TNF-induced increase in fibro-inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB, inflammasomes, cytokines or chemokines signaling and pro-fibrotic pathways involving TGF-β and extracellular matrix remodeling. Therefore, in response to TNF, YAP acts as a sustainer of the inflammatory response and as a molecular link between inflammation and fibrotic processes. This work identifies that YAP is critical to drive several biological effects of TNF which are involved in cancer and inflammatory disorders.
“We Want Good Education for All of Us” – A Participatory Quality Improvement Approach
Authors: Holderried Friederike , Krejci Christine , Holderried Martin , Lammerding-Koeppel Maria , Loda Teresa , Zipfel Stephan , Herrmann-Werner Anne
Published: March 2022

Introduction

In ever changing conditions, medical faculties must face the challenge of preparing their medical students as best as possible for the demands of their future work. This requires involving all stakeholders, especially medical students in the constant redefinition of medical curricula. Using the idea of “Communities of Practice” as conceptual framework, this study looks at semester spokespeople as an example for participatory quality management.

Methods

We conducted focus-group interviews with semester spokespeople at a German Medical Faculty. Data was recorded, transcribed, and analysed using MAXQDA. The interviews were analysed using meaning condensation method.

Results

Eleven out of 48 semester spokespeople took part. We found seven topics that fell within three main categories: (1) role of the semester spokesperson, (2) role of the fixed meeting, and (3) contact and commitment. Communities of Practice principles could be aligned to topics and categories.

Discussion

The idea of semester spokespeople based on the concept of Communities of Practice are useful in the quality management processes of a medical school and lead to greater involvement of medical students, identifying their needs. The reciprocal commitment among all stakeholders fosters mutual understanding and collaboration. Future studies could investigate the underlying motivational factors of dedicated students and how to transfer these characteristics to a larger cohort.
Identification of Serum Biomarkers Associated With Emergence Agitation After General Anesthesia in Adult Patients: A Metabolomics Analysis
Authors: Mi Xinning , Hong Jingshu , Li Zhengqian , Liu Taotao , Wang Qian , Zhou Jiansuo , Li Yitong , Wang Xiaoxiao , Yuan Yi , Yang Ning , Han Yongzheng , Zhou Yang , Guo Xiangyang , Li Yue , Han Dengyang
Published: March 2022

Background

Emergence agitation (EA) is a conscious disturbance after general anesthesia in adult patients that can lead to severe respiratory or circulatory complications and serious physical injury to patients and caregivers. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying EA remain unclear. The present study aimed to identify serum metabolites with significant alterations in EA patients after general anesthesia and enable inferences on their associations with EA.

Methods

EA patients were identified by Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) ≥ + 2 among a cohort of adult patients who received elective surgery under general anesthesia in Peking University Third Hospital between 01 June 2020 and 30 December 2020. We further selected sex-, age-, and surgery type-matched non-EA control patients at a 1:1.5 ratio. Postoperative serum samples were collected from both groups of patients. An untargeted metabolic method was used to identify differences in serum metabolomic profiles between the EA patients and the non-EA patients.

Results

A total of 19 EA patients and 32 matched non-EA patients were included in the study. After screening and mapping with a database, 12 metabolites showed significant postoperative alterations in EA patients compared with non-EA patients, and were mainly involved in lipid, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism pathways. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicated that vanillic acid, candoxatril, tiglylglycine, 5-methoxysalicylic acid, decanoylcarnitine, and 24-epibrassinolide may be involved in EA pathogenesis after general anesthesia.

Conclusion

In this study, we found differences in the serum levels of vanillic acid, candoxatril, tiglylglycine, 5-methoxysalicylic acid, decanoylcarnitine, and 24-epibrassinolide involved in fatty acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism pathways in EA patients compared with non-EA patients, which may demonstrate an EA pathogenesis-associated molecular pattern and contribute toward better understanding of EA occurrence.
Longitudinal Changes in Refractive Error Among Preschool Children Aged 1–6 Years: The Changsha Children Eye Study
Authors: You Yuxia , Xu Ming , Song Yali , Zhou Huanfen , Wei Shihui
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To investigate the longitudinal changes in refractive error of preschool children and explore the factors related to these changes and the timing of intervention.

Methods

The refractive data of preschool children aged 1–6 years were collected from 16 community Health Service Centers in Changsha during April 2016 to July 2019 for the retrospective cohort study. The refractive data of each participant was measured with a hand-held vision screener without cycloplegia. A follow-up for all the included participants was performed. The spherical equivalent change was calculated, subsequently, an analysis of risk factors related to the change was performed.

Results

Four thousand nine hundred twenty-one cases were included in the study with the follow-up for 1–2 years. The refractive status was found smoothly changed in 67.8% of children. The overall initial SE was 0.62 ± 1.13 D, and the average SE change was −0.20 ± 1.23 D per year. However, profound myopic shift was observed in 32.2% of children. The change of SE in 3-year-old group is most overt. The proportions of 1–6 years old who showed moderate and severe myopic shift (SE change ≥–1.00 D) were 21.6, 18.9, 28.2, 25.5, 13.4, and 10%, respectively. At the first visit, the younger children with greater hyperopic state exhibited more noticeable myopic shift, no significant difference was found in gender.

Conclusion

The shift from hyperopia to myopia in preschool children is smooth, with −0.20D change on average per year. We suggest that an optometry screening should start at 3-year-old to track children's refractive status. We recommend that preschool children whose SE changes more than −1.00 D per year go to the ophthalmology department for further examination. Our study also found that at the first visit, the younger the child is and the more positive initial SE is, the degree of shift of myopia is greater.
IL-17 Producing Lymphocytes Cause Dry Eye and Corneal Disease With Aging in RXRα Mutant Mouse
Authors: Alam Jehan , Yazdanpanah Ghasem , Ratnapriya Rinki , Borcherding Nicholas , de Paiva Cintia S. , Li DeQuan , Guimaraes de Souza Rodrigo , Yu Zhiyuan , Pflugfelder Stephen C.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To investigate IL-17 related mechanisms for developing dry eye disease in the Pinkie mouse strain with a loss of function RXRα mutation.

Methods

Measures of dry eye disease were assessed in the cornea and conjunctiva. Expression profiling was performed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to compare gene expression in conjunctival immune cells. Conjunctival immune cells were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The activity of RXRα ligand 9-cis retinoic acid (RA) was evaluated in cultured monocytes and γδ T cells.

Results

Compared to wild type (WT) C57BL/6, Pinkie has increased signs of dry eye disease, including decreased tear volume, corneal barrier disruption, corneal/conjunctival cornification and goblet cell loss, and corneal vascularization, opacification, and ulceration with aging. ScRNA-seq of conjunctival immune cells identified γδ T cells as the predominant IL-17 expressing population in both strains and there is a 4-fold increased percentage of γδ T cells in Pinkie. Compared to WT, IL-17a, and IL-17f significantly increased in Pinkie with conventional T cells and γδ T cells as the major producers. Flow cytometry revealed an increased number of IL-17+γδ T cells in Pinkie. Tear concentration of the IL-17 inducer IL-23 is significantly higher in Pinkie. 9-cis RA treatment suppresses stimulated IL-17 production by γδ T and stimulatory activity of monocyte supernatant on γδ T cell IL-17 production. Compared to WT bone marrow chimeras, Pinkie chimeras have increased IL-17+γδ T cells in the conjunctiva after desiccating stress and anti-IL-17 treatment suppresses dry eye induced corneal MMP-9 production/activity and conjunctival goblet cell loss.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that RXRα suppresses generation of dry eye disease-inducing IL-17 producing lymphocytes s in the conjunctiva and identifies RXRα as a potential therapeutic target in dry eye.