bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International Influences on Policymaking in China: Network Authoritarianism from Jiang Zemin to Hu Jintao
Authors: Duckett Jane
Published: November 2018

Previous research has credited China's top leaders, Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao, with the social policies of their decade in power, arguing that they promoted these policies either for factional reasons or to achieve rational, problem-solving goals. But such arguments ignore the dominant “fragmented authoritarian” model of policymaking in China that centres on bargaining among bureaucratic agencies. This article asks whether top leadership factions, rational problem solving, or “fragmented authoritarianism” can explain the adoption of one of the Hu and Wen administration's flagship policies, New Rural Cooperative Medical Schemes. Based on a careful tracing of this policy's evolution, it finds little evidence for these explanations, and instead uncovers the role played by international events and organizations, and ideas they introduced or sustained within policy networks. The article highlights some of the effects that China's international engagement has had on policymaking and the need to go beyond explanations of the policy process that focus solely on domestic actors. It proposes a new model of policymaking, “network authoritarianism,” that centres on policy networks spanning the domestic–international, state–non-state, and central–local divides, and which takes account of the influence of ideas circulating within these networks.
Principle-guided Policy Experimentation in China: From Rural Tax and Fee Reform to Hu and Wen's Abolition of Agricultural Tax
Authors: Wang Guohui
Published: November 2018

The abolition of Agricultural Tax in 2005 was a major policy of the early Hu–Wen administration. But how and why did it happen? Drawing on abundant media reports, archive documents and internal speeches by key policymakers, as well as on the author's interviews, this article argues that this reform was pushed through (the “how”) by “principle-guided policy experimentation” with origins in the period of Jiang Zemin's leadership. Not only does this show policy continuities from the Jiang–Zhu era into the Hu–Wen period, it also reveals a different process of policy experimentation from that identified by Sebastian Heilmann in the economic policy arena. Under principle-guided policy experimentation, Chinese central decision makersfirstreached consensus on theprincipleof the Rural Tax and Fee Reform (RTFR) drawing on policy learning from prior bottom-up local experimentation, andthenformulated and implemented an experimental programme from the top-down, funding it in order to encourage local governments to participate. The evidence suggests that international, political (rural instability), economic and fiscal considerations came to explain leaders’ decisions (the “why”) on tax reform as much as their individual preferences.
Social Policy and Income Inequality during the Hu–Wen Era: A Progressive Legacy?
Authors: Gao Qin , Yang Sui , Zhai Fuhua
Published: November 2018

The Hu–Wen era saw significant expansions in social policies in China. How did these policy changes affect income inequality, and did they leave a progressive legacy? Using the China Household income Project (CHIP) 2002, 2007 and 2013 data, this article offers empirical evidence to answer these questions. We find that these social policy changes indeed led to some convergence of the divided urban–rural–migrant social welfare systems and helped curtail the growing income inequality driven by market forces. Measured as the share in household final income, the size of urban social benefits decreased, while those for rural residents and rural-to-urban migrants increased from 2002 to 2013. Social benefits – especially pensions – reduced income inequality in all three groups, although to a much smaller extent for rural residents and migrants as compared to their urban peers. Rural residents also gained from agricultural and livelihood subsidies through the “Building a new socialist countryside” initiative.
A critical review of the role of milk and other dairy products in the development of obesity in children and adolescents
Authors: Dougkas Anestis , Barr Suzanne , Reddy Sheela , Summerbell Carolyn D.
Published: November 2018

Existing reviews suggest that milk and other dairy products do not play a role in the development of obesity in childhood, but they do make an important contribution to children’s nutrient intake. It is thus curious that public health advice on the consumption of dairy products for children is often perceived as unclear. The present review aimed to provide an overview of the totality of the evidence on the association between milk and other dairy products, and obesity and indicators of adiposity, in children. Our search identified forty-three cross-sectional studies, thirty-one longitudinal cohort studies and twenty randomised controlled trials. We found that milk and other dairy products are consistently found to be not associated, or inversely associated, with obesity and indicators of adiposity in children. Adjustment for energy intake tended to change inverse associations to neutral. Also, we found little evidence to suggest that the relationship varied by type of milk or dairy product, or age of the children, although there was a dearth of evidence for young children. Only nine of the ninety-four studies found a positive association between milk and other dairy products and body fatness. There may be some plausible mechanisms underlying the effect of milk and other dairy products on adiposity that influence energy and fat balance, possibly through fat absorption, appetite or metabolic activity of gut microbiota. In conclusion, there is little evidence to support a concern to limit the consumption of milk and other dairy products for children on the grounds that they may promote obesity.
Description of the home food environment in Black, White, Hmong, Latino, Native American and Somali homes with 5–7-year-old children
Authors: Trofholz Amanda , Tate Allan , Fulkerson Jayne A , Hearst Mary O , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne , Berge Jerica M
Published: November 2018

Objective

To categorize the home food environment and dietary intake of young children (5–7 years old) from racially/ethnically diverse households using objectively collected data.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

In-home observations in Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA.

Subjects

Families with 5–7-year-old children who identified as Black, White, Hmong, Latino, Native American or Somali.

Results

There were many significant differences by race/ethnicity for child dietary intake and for the home food environment, with specific patterns emerging by race/ethnicity. For example, Somali children had high Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) scores, but low daily intakes of fruits and vegetables. Black children had low HEI-2010 scores and a pattern of low intake of healthful foods and high intake of unhealthful foods. White and Latino families had high levels of both healthful and unhealthful home food availability and children with high HEI-2010 scores.

Conclusions

Results indicate that the home food environment of young children varies across racial/ethnic group. Study findings also provide new information regarding the home food environment of young children in previously understudied racial/ethnic groups and indicate that interventions working to improve the home food environment and dietary intake of children may want to consider race/ethnicity.
Informed choice or guessing game? Understanding caregivers’ perceptions and use of infant formula labelling
Authors: Malek Lenka , Fowler Hazel , Duffy Gillian , Katzer Lisa
Published: November 2018

Objective

Although breast-feeding is the recommended way to feed an infant, a safe and nutritious substitute for breast milk is needed for infants who are not breast-fed. Labelling information on infant formula (IF) products aims to enable caregivers (who have already made the decision to use IF) to make informed product choices. Yet, there is limited data on how caregivers understand and use the information provided on IF packaging. The present study aimed to increase understanding of caregivers’ interpretation and use of the following label elements on IF products: the nutrition information statement; the ingredients list; and statements around nutrition content and health claims.

Design

Qualitative data were obtained from twenty-one focus group discussions. To enable comparison of findings by education level and ethnicity, focus group participants were homogeneous with respect to educational attainment (Australian groups) or ethnic background (New Zealand groups).

Setting

Focus groups were conducted in metropolitan and regional areas of Australia and New Zealand.

Participants

Caregivers (n 136) of formula-fed infants.

Results

Framework analysis revealed that caregivers commonly experience difficulties when using labelling information, particularly when trying to identify and understand key differences between products. Moreover, comparing products can be a complex task regardless of education level and ethnicity.

Conclusions

Further research is required to determine the most effective strategies for meeting information needs of caregivers and allowing easier identification and understanding of product differences. This is especially important given that the vast range of IF products across large price ranges in the market adds to the complexity of purchase decisions.
Study of magnetic field topology of active region 12192 using an extrapolated non-force-free magnetic field
Authors: Prasad A. , Bhattacharyya R. , Hu Q. , Nayak S. S. , Kumar Sanjay
Published: November 2018

The solar active region (AR) 12192 was one of the most flare productive region of solar cycle 24, which produced many X-class flares; the most energetic being an X3.1 flare on October 24, 2014 at 21:10 UT. Customarily, such events are believed to be triggered by magnetic reconnection in coronal magnetic fields. Here we use the vector magnetograms from solar photosphere, obtained from Heliospheric Magnetic Imager (HMI) to investigate the magnetic field topology prior to the X3.1 event, and ascertain the conditions that might have caused the flare. To infer the coronal magnetic field, a novel non-force-free field (NFFF) extrapolation technique of the photospheric field is used, which suitably mimics the Lorentz forces present in the photospheric plasma. We also highlight the presence of magnetic null points and quasi-separatrix layers (QSLs) in the magnetic field topology, which are preferred sites for magnetic reconnections and discuss the probable reconnection scenarios.
Rogue Active Regions and the Inherent Unpredictability of the Solar Dynamo
Authors: Petrovay Kristóf , Nagy Melinda
Published: November 2018

New developments in surface flux transport modeling and theory of flux transport dynamos have given rise to the notion that certain large active regions with anomalous properties (location, tilt angle and/or Hale/non-Hale character) may have a major impact on the course of solar activity in subsequent years, impacting also on the amplitude of the following solar cycles. Here we discuss our current understanding of the role of such “rogue” active regions in cycle-to-cycle variations of solar activity.
Studying solar-cycle variation of open magnetic flux regions using coronal holes
Authors: Lin Chia-Hsien , Huang Guan-Han , Lee Lou-Chuang
Published: November 2018

The process of the magnetic polarity reversal of the Sun has been an important subject in the solar physics. The objective of this study is to investigate how solar global magnetic field change over solar cycle by tracking the migration of open magnetic flux regions. The results show that the open magnetic fluxes migrate from one pole to the other crossing the equator during a solar cycle. The migration rate is approximately 10 m s−1, comparable to meridional flow. The results have been published in Scientific Reports (Huang et al. (2017)).
The coronal green line monitoring: a traditional but powerful tool for coronal physics
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Xuefei
Published: November 2018

The particular environment with high temperature and low plasma density in the corona results to the formation of some forbidden emission lines, in which the well-known green line at 530.3 nm has been utilized to diagnose the corona for a few decades. For the green line, besides its contribution on revealing the long-term coronal cycles as well as their relationship to the other solar phenomena, it is also helpful to detect limb coronal waves and ejections originated from the lower corona which seems not to be paid close attention to. Suggestions are presented that we not only need to keep the green line observation as a routine task for current coronagraph observations, but need to develop larger coronagraphs with advanced technology.
A Magnetofrictional model for the solar corona
Authors: Dash Soumyaranjan , Nandy Dibyendu
Published: November 2018

Regular reconstruction of global solar corona constrained by observational data is required to monitor the space weather variations. We develop a model for simulating the global coronal magnetic field using magnetofrictional approach. Here we perform simulations to study the evolution of the magnetic field associated with a bipolar active region in response to photospheric flows.
The new Sunspot Number: continuing upgrades and possible impacts
Authors: Clette Frédéric , Lefèvre Laure
Published: November 2018

The first-ever revision of the sunspot number was released in 2015 by the World Data Center (WDC) SILSO. We describe the main diagnosed corrections to the sunspot and group number series, and also review newly published alternate reconstructions. We show the convergence of the determinations of the 1947 scale jump in the sunspot number around a value of 1.18 for cycle maxima. We also assess new proposed reconstructions of the group number, like the “backbone” and “active-day fraction” methods. No agreement was reached yet for this series.

We highlight the main impacts of those recent upgrades on different scientific applications. As this first revision also marks a transition towards a dynamical series open to future improvements, we finally introduce the ongoing collaborative process for preparing the next upgrade (Version 3). From now on, our scientific users must be prepared for a flexible integration of an evolving sunspot number series.
An Overview of Science Results Obtained From Kodaikanal Digitized White-Light Data Archive: 1921-2011
Authors: Mandal Sudip , Banerjee Dipankar
Published: November 2018

In this proceeding, we present a summary of the recent scientific results that have been derived using the newly digitized whit-light (WL) data obtained from the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory.
Propagation of MRT Unstable Plasma Spikes in the Inter-planetary Space
Authors: Mishra Sudheer K. , Singh Talwinder , Kayshap P. , Srivastava A. K.
Published: November 2018

We have used the Coronagraphic and Heliospheric Imaging data from Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) to observe a prominence which is erupted on June 7th 2011. This prominence is subjected to the morphological evolution of MRT instability from the lower solar corona upto the inter-planetary space. The unstable structures are converted into the bunch of localized plasma spikes due to the turbulent mixing, and propagate in the inter-planetary space upto 1 A.U.
Higginson Receives 2018 Fred L. Scarf Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: November 2018

Aleida Higginson will receive the 2018 Fred L. Scarf Award at AGU’s Fall Meeting 2018, to be held 10–14 December in Washington, D. C. This award is given annually to “one honoree in recognition of an outstanding dissertation that contributes directly to solar–planetary science.”
Transition of Interhemispheric Asymmetry of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly During Solstices
Authors: Huang He , Lu Xian , Liu Libo , Wang Wenbin , Li Qiaoling
Published: November 2018

The magnitudes of the two crests of equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) vary with local time. During the solstices, EIA crest in the winter hemisphere is larger than that in the summer hemisphere before noon/early afternoon. Whereafter, the crest in the summer hemisphere becomes intensified, and the stronger EIA crest transits to the summer hemisphere. Using Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate ionospheric radio occultation data, we examine the longitudinal and altitudinal variations of this interhemispheric transition in four longitudinal sectors and at seven heights under low/high solar activity conditions. The results show that during the June solstice the transition of the stronger EIA peak from the winter to the summer hemisphere is earlier in the sectors where the geomagnetic equator is further away from the subsolar point and the geomagnetic field declination is larger, while during the December solstice the longitudinal variations generally show the opposite compared with that in the June solstice. The distance between the geomagnetic equator and subsolar point and the geomagnetic field configuration control the upward/downward plasma movements in the summer/winter hemisphere, leading to the different transition times in different longitudinal sectors. For both solstices, transition times emerge earlier as height increases, which is mainly caused by the larger effective scale height in the summer hemisphere than in the winter hemisphere, resulting in a smaller electron density difference at higher altitudes with a fast transition. Solar activity alters the transition time below 320 km, whereas it has no evident effect at higher altitudes.
Thermochemical oxidation of methane induced by high-valence metal oxides in a sedimentary basin
Authors: Hu Wen-Xuan , Kang Xun , Cao Jian , Wang Xiao-Lin , Fu Bin , Wu Hai-Guang
Published: November 2018

Thermochemical oxidation of methane (TOM) by high-valence metal oxides in geological systems and its potential role as a methane sink remain poorly understood. Here we present evidence of TOM induced by high-valence metal oxides in the Junggar Basin, located in northwestern China. During diagenesis, methane from deeper source strata is abiotically oxidized by high-valence Mn(Fe) oxides at 90 to 135 °C, releasing 13C-depleted CO2, soluble Mn2+ and Fe2+. Mn generally plays the dominant role compared to Fe, due to its lower Gibbs free energy increment during oxidation. Both CO2 and metal ions are then incorporated into authigenic calcites, which are characterized by extremely negative δ13C values (−70 to −22.5‰) and high Mn content (average MnO = 5 wt.%). We estimate that as much as 1224 Tg of methane could be oxidized in the study area. TOM is unfavorable for gas accumulation but may act as a major methane sink in the deep crustal carbon cycle.
Hemocyanin facilitates lignocellulose digestion by wood-boring marine crustaceans
Authors: Besser Katrin , Malyon Graham P. , Eborall William S. , Paro da Cunha Giovanni , Filgueiras Jefferson G. , Dowle Adam , Cruz Garcia Lourdes , Page Samuel J. , Dupree Ray , Kern Marcelo , Gomez Leonardo D. , Li Yi , Elias Luisa , Sabbadin Federico , Mohamad Shaza E. , Pesante Giovanna , Steele-King Clare , Ribeiro de Azevedo Eduardo , Polikarpov Igor , Dupree Paul , Cragg Simon M. , Bruce Neil C. , McQueen-Mason Simon J.
Published: November 2018

Woody (lignocellulosic) plant biomass is an abundant renewable feedstock, rich in polysaccharides that are bound into an insoluble fiber composite with lignin. Marine crustacean woodborers of the genus Limnoria are among the few animals that can survive on a diet of this recalcitrant material without relying on gut resident microbiota. Analysis of fecal pellets revealed that Limnoria targets hexose-containing polysaccharides (mainly cellulose, and also glucomannans), corresponding with the abundance of cellulases in their digestive system, but xylans and lignin are largely unconsumed. We show that the limnoriid respiratory protein, hemocyanin, is abundant in the hindgut where wood is digested, that incubation of wood with hemocyanin markedly enhances its digestibility by cellulases, and that it modifies lignin. We propose that this activity of hemocyanins is instrumental to the ability of Limnoria to feed on wood in the absence of gut symbionts. These findings may hold potential for innovations in lignocellulose biorefining.
Chk1 KA1 domain auto-phosphorylation stimulates biological activity and is linked to rapid proteasomal degradation
Authors: Gong Eun-Yeung , Hernández Beatriz , Nielsen Jessica Hernández , Smits Veronique A. J. , Freire Raimundo , Gillespie David A.
Published: November 2018

The DNA damage-activated protein kinase Chk1 is known to undergo auto-phosphorylation, however the sites and functional significance of this modification remain poorly understood. We have identified two novel Chk1 auto-phosphorylation sites, threonines 378 and 382 (T378/382), located in a highly conserved motif within the C-terminal Kinase Associated 1 (KA1) domain. T378/382 occur within optimal consensus Chk1 phosphorylation motifs and substitution with phospho-mimetic aspartic acid residues results in a constitutively active mutant Chk1 kinase (Chk1-DD) that arrests cell cycle progression in G2 phase of the cell cycle in the absence of DNA damage. Remarkably, the mutant Chk1-DD protein is also subject to very rapid proteasomal degradation, with a half-life approximately one tenth that of wild-type Chk1. Consistent with this, T378/T382 auto-phosphorylation also accelerates the proteasomal degradation of constitutively active Chk1 KA1 domain structural mutants. T378/382 auto-phosphorylation and accelerated degradation of wild-type Chk1 occurs at low levels during unperturbed growth, but surprisingly, is not augmented in response to genotoxic stress. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that Chk1 T378/T382 auto-phosphorylation within the KA1 domain is linked to kinase activation and rapid proteasomal degradation, and suggest a non-canonical mechanism of regulation.
Exposure of environmental Bisphenol A in relation to routine sperm parameters and sperm movement characteristics among fertile men
Authors: Ji Honglei , Miao Maohua , Liang Hong , Shi Huijuan , Ruan Dasheng , Li Yongbo , Wang Jian , Yuan Wei
Published: November 2018

Although several human studies have examined bisphenol A (BPA) exposure in relation to routine sperm parameters, evidence of BPA’s effects on sperm movement characteristics is limited. We examined associations of BPA exposure with sperm parameters including sperm movement characteristics among fertile men. The cross-sectional study was conducted in Sandu County, Guizhou Province, China. Subjects provided semen samples analyzed by computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) system and urine samples for BPA assay. They were invited to complete an in-person interview with a structured questionnaire to obtain demographics, lifestyle factors, etc. In final analyses, 500 subjects were included. We used multivariate linear regression analyses to estimate associations between BPA and sperm parameters after adjusting for potential confounders. BPA was detected in 73.6% of urine samples, with a geometric mean of 0.44 μg/gCreatinine. Compared with subjects of undetected BPA, subjects with detected BPA had increased Linearity (LIN, β: 2.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37, 4.0), Straightness (STR, β: 1.47, 95% CI: 0.19, 2.75), Wobble (WOB, β: 1.75, 95% CI: 0.26, 3.25), reduced Amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH, β: −0.26, 95% CI: −0.5, −0.02) and Mean angular displacement (MAD, β: −2.17, 95% CI: −4.22, −0.11). Subjects in the highest tertile of creatinine-adjusted BPA group had lower sperm concentration than those with undetected BPA. Dose-response relationships of BPA with LIN, WOB, ALH, MAD and sperm concentration were demonstrated by statistically significant trends across tertiles of creatinine-adjusted BPA concentrations. Similar results were obtained using unadjusted BPA concentrations. Exposure to environmental BPA would decrease sperm concentration and sperm swing characteristics (ALH and MAD), and increase sperm velocity ratios (LIN, STR and WOB), which might mediate further effects on impaired male fecundity.
Hypercapnia impaired cognitive and memory functions in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Kung Shu-Chin , Shen Yu-Chih , Chang En-Ting , Hong Ya-Ling , Wang Ling-Yi
Published: November 2018

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a sleep disorder involving repeated nocturnal desaturation and sleep fragmentation. OSA can result in decreased daytime alertness and neurocognitive dysfunction. Hypercapnia status is also related to neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with pulmonary diseases. We evaluated the effects of hypercapnia on cognitive performance and memory function in a prospective case-controlled study. We enrolled thirty-nine obese patients with OSA and collected their arterial blood samples. All the participants provided arterial blood samples, and completed two questionnaires (the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and six cognitive tasks (the psychomotor vigilance task [PVT], the Stroop task, the Eriksen flanker task, processing speed [DSST], and verbal and visual memory [LM&FM]), which were used to evaluate daytime sleepiness, cognitive function, and memory function within one week of a polysomnographic study. When compared to the OSA without diurnal hypoventilation, the patients with stable hypercapnia (OHS) had increased reaction times in the PVT, Stroop task, and flanker task. Hypercapnic obese patients with OSA also had comparatively significantly lower scores in the processing speed and logical memory tests. OHS had increased reaction times in the attention and cognitive function assessments, and deficits in the logical memory, when compared to those with OSA without diurnal hypoventilation.
Insights into Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks Using In Situ NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Yuan Ning , Church Tamara L. , Brandt Erik G. , Hedin Niklas , Zou Xiaodong , Bernin Diana
Published: November 2018

Postsynthetic reactions of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are versatile tools for producing functional materials, but the methods of evaluating these reactions are cumbersome and destructive. Here we demonstrate and validate the use of in situ NMR spectroscopy of species in the liquid state to examine solvent-assisted ligand exchange (SALE) and postsynthetic modification (PSM) reactions of metal-organic frameworks. This technique allows functionalization to be monitored over time without decomposing the product for analysis, which simplifies reaction screening. In the case of SALE, both the added ligand and the ligand leaving the framework can be observed. We demonstrate this in situ method by examining SALE and PSM reactions of the robust zirconium MOF UiO-67 as well as SALE with the aluminum MOF DUT-5. In situ NMR spectroscopy provided insights into the reactions studied, and we expect that future studies using this method will permit the examination of a variety of MOF–solute reactions.
Rapid characterization of secreted recombinant proteins by native mass spectrometry
Authors: Ben-Nissan Gili , Vimer Shay , Warszawski Shira , Katz Aliza , Yona Meital , Unger Tamar , Peleg Yoav , Morgenstern David , Cohen-Dvashi Hadas , Diskin Ron , Fleishman Sarel J. , Sharon Michal
Published: November 2018

Characterization of overexpressed proteins is essential for assessing their quality, and providing input for iterative redesign and optimization. This process is typically carried out following purification procedures that require pronounced cost of time and labor. Therefore, quality assessment of recombinant proteins with no prior purification offers a major advantage. Here, we report a native mass spectrometry method that enables characterization of overproduced proteins directly from culture media. Properties such as solubility, molecular weight, folding, assembly state, overall structure, post-translational modifications and binding to relevant biomolecules are immediately revealed. We show the applicability of the method for in-depth characterization of secreted recombinant proteins from eukaryotic systems such as yeast, insect, and human cells. This method, which can be readily extended to high-throughput analysis, considerably shortens the time gap between protein production and characterization, and is particularly suitable for characterizing engineered and mutated proteins, and optimizing yield and quality of overexpressed proteins.
Unified field studies of the algae testbed public-private partnership as the benchmark for algae agronomics
Authors: Knoshaug Eric P. , Wolfrum Ed , Laurens Lieve M. L. , Harmon Valerie L. , Dempster Thomas A. , McGowen John
Published: November 2018

National scale agronomic projections are an important input for assessing potential benefits of algae cultivation on the future of innovative agriculture. The Algae Testbed Public-Private Partnership was established with the goal of investigating open pond algae cultivation across different geographic, climatic, seasonal, and operational conditions while setting the benchmark for quality data collection, analysis, and dissemination. Identical algae cultivation systems and data analysis methodologies were established at testbed sites across the continental United States and Hawaii. Within this framework, the Unified Field Studies were designed for algae cultivation during all 4 seasons across the testbed network. With increasingly diverse algae research and development, and field deployment strategies, the challenges associated with data collection, quality, and dissemination increase dramatically. The dataset presented here is the complete, curated, climatic, cultivation, harvest, and biomass composition data for each season at each site. These data enable others to do in-depth cultivation, harvest, techno-economic, life cycle, resource, and predictive growth modelling analysis, as well as development of crop protection strategies throughout the algae cultivation industry.
One-month zero-order sustained release and tumor eradication after a single subcutaneous injection of interferon alpha fused with a body-temperature-responsive polypeptide
Authors: Wang Zhuoran , Guo Jianwen , Ning Jing , Feng Xiaoyu , Liu Xinyu , Sun Jiawei , Chen Xiangmei , Lu Fengmin , Gao Weiping
Published: November 2018

Upon a single subcutaneous injection, IFN-ELP in situ forms a depot, leading to one-month sustained release and dramatically enhanced tumor therapy.
A smart tumor microenvironment responsive nanoplatform based on upconversion nanoparticles for efficient multimodal imaging guided therapy
Authors: Liu Shikai , Li Wenting , Gai Shili , Yang Guixin , Zhong Chongna , Dai Yunlu , He Fei , Yang Piaoping , Suh Yung Doug
Published: November 2018

A smart tumor microenvironment responsive theranostic nanoplatform USPDF for UCL/CT dual-mode imaging and combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy.
A mitochondria-targeting photothermogenic nanozyme for MRI-guided mild photothermal therapy
Authors: Qiu Kangqiang , Wang Jinquan , Rees Thomas W. , Ji Liangnian , Zhang Qianling , Chao Hui
Published: November 2018

A mitochondria-targeting photothermogenic nanozyme was used to increase localized temperature and accelerate the catalysis of H2O2 to ˙OH under NIR light irradiation for mild photothermal therapy.
H-Bonded anion–anion complexes in fentanyl citrate polymorphs and solvates
Authors: Barbas Rafael , Prohens Rafel , Bauzá Antonio , Franconetti Antonio , Frontera Antonio
Published: November 2018

We report the experimental observation (X-ray characterization) of two types of anion–anion complexes (anion = dihydrogen citrate) stabilized by H-bonds that are observed in fentanyl citrate solvates.
Design principles for the energy level tuning in donor/acceptor conjugated polymers
Authors: Hashemi Daniel , Ma Xiao , Ansari Ramin , Kim Jinsang , Kieffer John
Published: November 2018

Illustration of the charge transfer associated with the development of HOMO and LUMO levels in conjugated polymers and that the electron donating and withdrawing powers depend on the collective of atoms that carry the frontier orbitals involved in the charge transfer process.
Flower-like SnS2 composite with 3D pyrolyzed bacterial cellulose as the anode for lithium-ion batteries with ultralong cycle life and superior rate capability
Authors: Liu Xuejiao , Li Shixiong , Zai Jiantao , Jin Ying , Zhan Peng , Huang Yong , Tie Xiaoyong , Qi Rongrong , Qian Xuefeng
Published: November 2018

The enormous volume expansion during cycling and poor electron conductivity of SnS2 limit its cycling stability and high rate capability.
The trinuclear platinum(ii) complex in Vèzes’ red salt as a building block of coordination polymers
Authors: Hoshino Norihisa , Fujita Sena , Akutagawa Tomoyuki
Published: November 2018

One-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) coordination polymers comprising triangular [Pt3(NO2)6(μ3-O)]2− ([Pt3]2−) units were prepared from K2[Pt3]·3H2O (1), also known as Vèzes’ red salt.
Electrospray ionization photoelectron spectroscopy of cryogenic [EDTA·M(ii)]2− complexes (M = Ca, V–Zn): electronic structures and intrinsic redox properties
Authors: Yuan Qinqin , Kong Xiang-Tao , Hou Gao-Lei , Jiang Ling , Wang Xue-Bin
Published: November 2018

A systematic photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical study of divalent transition metal EDTA complexes illustrating the intrinsic correlations of redox properties in the gas and solution phases.
Systematic parameterization of lignin for the CHARMM force field
Authors: Vermaas Josh V. , Petridis Loukas , Ralph John , Crowley Michael F. , Beckham Gregg T.
Published: November 2018

We develop a comprehensive molecular mechanics force field for lignin and evaluate its performance in terms of thermodynamics and structure with respect to experimental observables. The developed force field can be used to model lignin polymers, including their covalent linkages to carbohydrates, and their interaction with other biomolecules.
Organoruthenium(ii) nucleoside conjugates as colon cytotoxic agents
Authors: Florindo Pedro R. , Pereira Diane M. , Borralho Pedro M. , Piedade M. F. M. , Oliveira M. Conceição , Dias Ana M. , Rodrigues Cecília M. P. , Fernandes Ana C.
Published: November 2018

Eleven organoruthenium(ii) nucleoside conjugates are reported, showing high cytotoxicity in HCT116 colon cancer cells and independent uptake of nucleoside transporters.
Microwave-assisted fabrication of multicolor photoluminescent carbon dots as a ratiometric fluorescence sensor for iron ions
Authors: Sun Zhongqi , Yang Zhaoyu , Zhao Li , Zhang Yuheng , Li Yongqi , Hou Juan , Ding Lan
Published: November 2018

Multicolor CDs were prepared by a microwave-assisted method and used as a ratiometric fluorescence sensor for the detection of iron ions.
2-Methyl-substituted monotetrazoles in copper(ii) perchlorate complexes: manipulating coordination chemistry and derived energetic properties
Authors: Zeisel Lukas , Szimhardt Norbert , Wurzenberger Maximilian H. H. , Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg
Published: November 2018

Several new energetic coordination compounds (ECC) have been prepared using two 2-methyl-substituted tetrazoles. By simply changing the reaction conditions, the coordination sphere of the metal center can be manipulated in order to obtain different complexes with varying energetic properties.
Structural characterization of heterogeneous RhAu nanoparticles from a microwave-assisted synthesis
Authors: Duan Zhiyao , Timoshenko Janis , Kunal Pranaw , House Stephen D. , Wan Haqin , Jarvis Karalee , Bonifacio Cecile , Yang Judith C. , Crooks Richard M. , Frenkel Anatoly I. , Humphrey Simon M. , Henkelman Graeme
Published: November 2018

Heterogeneity in the structure of AuRh nanoparticles, synthesized with a microwave assisted method, is quantified using a combination of experimental methods and theory.
Enhanced design and formulation of nanoparticles for anti-biofilm drug delivery
Authors: Sims Kenneth R. , Liu Yuan , Hwang Geelsu , Jung Hoi In , Koo Hyun , Benoit Danielle S. W.
Published: November 2018

Novel polymer nanoparticle formulation improved drug loading, demonstrated zero-order release, and amplified anti-biofilm activity via increased bacterial membrane localization.
Bioactive spiropyrrolizidine oxindole alkaloid enantiomers from Isatis indigotica Fortune
Authors: Liu Si-Fan , Lin Bin , Xi Yu-Fei , Zhou Le , Lou Li-Li , Huang Xiao-Xiao , Wang Xiao-Bo , Song Shao-Jiang
Published: November 2018

Four pairs of new alkaloids, isatindigotindoline A–D, were isolated from Isatis indigotica, and were evaluated for their anti-Aβ1–42 aggregation effects.
Synthetic manipulations of polyunsaturated fatty acids as a convenient strategy for the synthesis of bioactive compounds
Authors: Vik Anders , Hansen Trond Vidar
Published: November 2018

The utilization of commercial polyunsaturated fatty acids in semi-syntheses of polyunsaturated natural products and derivatives has been reviewed.
Meroterpene-like compounds derived from β-caryophyllene as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors
Authors: Ma Shuang-Jiang , Yu Jie , Yan Da-Wei , Wang Da-Cheng , Gao Jin-Ming , Zhang Qiang
Published: November 2018

Tween four meroterpene-like compounds were synthesized by combining natural moieties, which provide a new class of inhibitors against α-glucosidase.
Ring-closing metathesis of unprotected peptides in water
Authors: Masuda Shun , Tsuda Shugo , Yoshiya Taku
Published: November 2018

RCM of unprotected peptides in water was achieved using a water-soluble Ru catalyst ‘AquaMet’.
C–C couplings in water by micellar catalysis at low loadings from a recyclable polymer-supported Pd(ii)–NHC nanocatalyst
Authors: Lambert Romain , Wirotius Anne-Laure , Vignolle Joan , Taton Daniel
Published: November 2018

A robust and recyclable polymer-supported Pd(ii)–NHC2 nanocatalyst enables highly efficient micellar catalysis of the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction at low loadings with a broad substrate scope.
Racemicvs.enantiopure inert Ti(iv) complex of a single diaminotetrakis(phenolato) ligand in anticancer activity toward human drug-sensitive and -resistant cancer cell lines
Authors: Miller Maya , Tshuva Edit Y.
Published: November 2018

Racemic and optically pure tetrakis(phenolato) Ti(iv) complex exhibit high hydrolytic stability and similar cytotoxicity for both enantiomers. Higher activity of the racemate on drug-resistant lines implies a beneficial activity of both isomers.
CdS@Ni3S2 core–shell nanorod arrays on nickel foam: a multifunctional catalyst for efficient electrochemical catalytic, photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic H2 production reaction
Authors: Guan Haojian , Zhang Shengsen , Cai Xin , Gao Qiongzhi , Yu Xiaoyuan , Zhou Xiaosong , Peng Feng , Fang Yueping , Yang Siyuan
Published: November 2018

Shell thickness controllable CdS@Ni3S2 core@shell arrays for electrochemical catalytic (EC), photoelectrochemical (PEC) and photocatalytic (PC) water splitting.
Electrospun MXene/carbon nanofibers as supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Levitt Ariana S. , Alhabeb Mohamed , Hatter Christine B. , Sarycheva Asia , Dion Genevieve , Gogotsi Yury
Published: November 2018

MXene/carbon composite electrodes with high loadings of MXene were prepared via electrospinning. These flexible and free-standing electrodes exhibit high areal capacitance relative to pure carbon nanofibers and MXene-coated fibers and textiles.
Bifunctional OER/ORR catalytic activity in the tetrahedral YBaCo4O7.3oxide
Authors: Kirsanova Maria A. , Okatenko Valery D. , Aksyonov Dmitry A. , Forslund Robin P. , Mefford J. Tyler , Stevenson Keith J. , Abakumov Artem M.
Published: November 2018

Tetrahedral YBaCo4O7.3demonstrates bifunctional catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions in alkaline media.
Reversible up-conversion luminescence modulation based on UV-VIS light-controlled photochromism in Er3+ doped Sr2SnO4
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Luo Laihui , Li Kaixuan , Li Weiping , Hou Yafei
Published: November 2018

The up-conversion luminescence of Er3+ doped Sr2SnO4 can be reversibly modulated by alternating 290 nm-light and 460 nm-light irradiation based on a photochromic reaction.
Phosphofructokinase controls the acetaldehyde-induced phase shift in isolated yeast glycolytic oscillators
Authors: van Niekerk David D. , Gustavsson Anna-Karin , Mojica-Benavides Martin , Adiels Caroline B. , Goksör Mattias , Snoep Jacky L.
Published: November 2018

The response of oscillatory systems to external perturbations is crucial for emergent properties such as synchronisation and phase locking and can be quantified in a phase response curve (PRC). In individual, oscillating yeast cells, we characterised experimentally the phase response of glycolytic oscillations for external acetaldehyde pulses and followed the transduction of the perturbation through the system. Subsequently, we analysed the control of the relevant system components in a detailed mechanistic model. The observed responses are interpreted in terms of the functional coupling and regulation in the reaction network. We find that our model quantitatively predicts the phase-dependent phase shift observed in the experimental data. The phase shift is in agreement with an adaptation leading to synchronisation with an external signal. Our model analysis establishes that phosphofructokinase plays a key role in the phase shift dynamics as shown in the PRC and adaptation time to external perturbations. Specific mechanism-based interventions, made possible through such analyses of detailed models, can improve upon standard trial and error methods, e.g. melatonin supplementation to overcome jet-lag, which are error-prone, specifically, since the effects are phase dependent and dose dependent. The models by Gustavsson and Goldbeter discussed in the text can be obtained from the JWS Online simulation database: (https://jjj.bio.vu.nl/models/gustavsson5 and https://jjj.bio.vu.nl/models/goldbeter1)
Target tracking based on the cognitive associative network
Authors: Xiu Chunbo , Chai Zuohong
Published: November 2018

To extend the application of the cognitive associative network and improve the performance of the target tracking method, a novel tracking method based on the new network is proposed, i.e. the cognitive associative network is transformed and used to perform the target tracking. The local hue histograms are used to model the target, and the circle matching criterion is used to locate the target, which can restrain the disturbance from the adjacent regions in the background. It can also adjust adaptively the size of the tracking target according to the local matching results. Therefore, the tracking method based on the cognitive associative network has good invariability to the scale, the rotation, and the partial occlusion. Simulation results show that the tracking method can perform the target tracking in the disturbance environment or in the scene of the complex motion. The tracking method can locate the target more accurately than the common tracking methods such as the Camshift method or the compressive tracking method.
Substrate size selection of microstrip‐fed cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas for lowering the cross‐polarisation
Authors: Ojha Anuj Kumar , Ambattu Vijayaraghavan Praveen Kumar
Published: November 2018

A cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) has been excited with a microstrip line in the HEM11δ mode. It is demonstrated that at the operating frequency, minimum cross‐polarisation occurs when the lateral dimension of the substrate is slightly higher than half a free‐space wavelength (λ0). This occurs when direct waves from the DRA interfere appropriately with the waves that are diffracted from the substrate edges. For a 50 Ω microstrip‐fed cylindrical DRA, numerical prediction suggests a substrate of lateral dimension 0.58λ0 for the lowest possible cross‐polarisation. In addition, the above optimum substrate size is constant irrespective of the substrate shape (square or circle) or dielectric resonator (DR) properties (permittivity and aspect ratio) for a given substrate permittivity. Numerical results are experimentally verified for a DRA with permittivity 24 and aspect ratio 1.33, for both square and circular substrates at the respective operating frequencies.
Analysis of inverter non‐linearity influence on modulation technique selection in a dual three‐phase induction machine drives
Authors: Milicevic Dragan , Popadic Bane , Vukajlovic Nikola , Dumnic Boris , Corba Zoltan
Published: November 2018

This study aims to investigate the correlation between inverter non‐linearity and modulation technique selection in a dual three‐phase induction machine (D3IM) drives. Even though vector space decomposition (VSD) technique is in the literature perceived as the most suited and well‐adapted control strategy for D3IM, herein conducted analysis has established that VSD vector selection principle together with inverter non‐linearity effects can lead to a significant decrease in the performance of a driven machine. It is demonstrated that by changing vector selection principle, the influence of the mentioned inverter limitations could be reduced without any major negative influence on other important aspects that determine technique suitability for the use in D3IM drives. The experimental results gathered from two separate test stations undoubtedly show the mutual impact of the inverter non‐linearity and vector selection strategy on the drive overall performance.
Ultra‐low light reflection surface using metal‐coated high‐aspect‐ratio nanopillars
Authors: Jung Ju Ho , Han Eui Don , Kim Byeong Hee , Seo Young Ho , Park Yong Min
Published: November 2018

The study investigated the anti‐reflective properties of metal‐coated nanopillar arrays with high‐aspect ratio. Aluminium oxyhydroxide nanopillar arrays were prepared by using aluminium anodic oxidation, hydrothermal synthesis, and platinum sputtering on their surface. The anti‐reflective properties were evaluated on four types of nanostructures such as nanolens and nanopillar arrays with aspect ratios of 1:0.5, 1:3, 1:9, and 1:14. The nanopillar arrays with an aspect ratio of 1:14 demonstrated extremely low reflectance <0.18% at 550 nm wavelength of all measured incident angles.
Mesoporous structure TiO2/SiO2 composite for methylene blue adsorption and photodegradation
Authors: Wang Jidong , Gu Zhijie , Zhang Jialin , Chen Xin , Li Mengjuan , Yu Yuan , Ge Mingqiao , Li Xiaoqiang
Published: November 2018

In this work, a mesoporous structure TiO2/SiO2 (M‐TS) composite with excellent adsorption and photocatalytic properties was fabricated by a sol–gel process combined with calcination. The structure of the samples was characterised by scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. The factors influencing the adsorption behaviours of methylene blue (MB) onto M‐TS, including ingredient, dosage, initial concentration and temperature were investigated. The M‐TS was produced by removing poly(vinylpyrrolidone) from the precursor gel was vital to the excellent adsorption capacity. Furthermore, the isotherm and kinetic data were fitted by using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order equations, and the intra‐particle diffusion model. The Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics were the most suitable models for describing the adsorption of MB onto M‐TS. It was also found that the adsorption capacity of cationic dyes on M‐TS is better than that of anionic dyes. The experimental results of adsorption and photodegradation proved that improvement of adsorption capacity enhances the decolourisation efficiency. This work shows that the M‐TS could be used as an effective adsorbent and photocatalyst to remove cationic dyes from wastewater.