bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Alkali Metal Ions in Cooperative Electrocatalysis by Bifunctional Co−Mn‐Mixed Phosphates
Authors: Chaudhary Savi , Murugavel Ramaswamy
Published: December 2024

Developing cost‐effective, non‐precious metal bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for advancing sustainable energy storage and conversion technologies, including zinc‐air batteries, fuel cells, and water electrolyzers. This study presents a one‐pot synthesis of cobalt‐manganese mixed phosphates as effective bifunctional electrocatalysts for both ORR and OER. Among the catalysts tested, Na−Co−Mn−P [NaCo1.5Mn1.5(HPO4)2(PO4)] exhibited the highest catalytic activity, with a minimal ΔE of 0.86 V, indicating superior performance. The incorporation of alkali metals and the synergistic effects of metal and phosphate components enhance conductivity, electrochemical surface area, and mixed valency of transition metals, contributing to improved electrocatalytic activity. This work highlights a straightforward synthesis method and the beneficial role of metal‐phosphate synergy in oxygen electrocatalysis.
A Mitochondria‐Targeted Iridium(iii) Phosphorescent Probe for Selective Detection of Hypochlorite in Living Cells
Authors: Xu Wenjuan , Wang Haoxuan , Guang Ying , Pan Zhiqiang , Chen Kai , Ma Tingchun , Zhang Jing
Published: December 2024

Hypochlorous acid(HClO)/hypochlorite ion (ClO−) is a highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a crucial role in various biological processes. In this paper, a “turn‐on” phosphorescent probe (Ir‐TPP) for detecting ClO− in mitochondria was designed and synthesized. In solution, Ir‐TPP is minimal emission due to rapid isomerization of C=N−OH as an efficient non‐radiative decay process. When Ir‐TPP was reacted with ClO− to form an oxidized carboxylate product, there is a significant enhancement both in absorbance and emission intensity, resulting in approximately 25‐fold increase in phosphorescence signal. Furthermore, the probe demonstrates high selectivity towards other anions and ROS. It also exhibits specific targeting ability towards mitochondria with a co‐staining coefficient of 94 % compared to commercial dyes, enabling “turn‐on” detection of ClO− within mitochondria.
Enhanced Synthesis, Purification, and Characterization of a Marine Bacterial Consortium‐Derived Protease Enzyme With Destaining and Keratinolytic Activity
Authors: Thakor Rashmi , Mistry Harsh , Almoallim Hesham S. , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Patel Ashish , Yadav Virendra Kumar , Sahoo Dipak Kumar , Bariya Himanshu
Published: December 2024

Two marine‐derived bacteria, Bacillus paralicheniformis (HR‐1) and Bacillus haynesii (HR‐5), were isolated from sediments and identified using 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplification and sequencing as well as biochemical analysis. The development of a bacterial consortium (HR‐1 & HR‐5) from these two bacteria was used to increase the production of the protease enzyme under various conditions, including fermentation media, carbon and nitrogen sources (1% w/v), different pH levels, incubation time, and the obtained enzyme, were detected using SDS‐PAGE followed by purification. Bacterial consortium HR‐1 & HR‐5 exhibited maximum protease production (330.42 ± 4.47 U/mL) than the individual isolates HR‐1 (156.32 ± 2.14 U/mL) and HR‐5 (185.73 ± 5.14 U/mL) on supplementing peptone (1% w/v), 2.8% skim milk + N‐broth, pH 9, and dextrose (1% w/v) after 48 h of incubation time. The purified enzyme showed increased activity at alkaline pH 9.0 and also in the presence of ions such as Ca+2, Fe+3, Mg+2, and Mn+2. The purified protease obtained from the consortium HR‐1 and HR‐5 shows improved efficiency for stain removal from cloth as well as high keratinolytic efficiency for poultry feather degradation, making this enzyme suitable for industrial use, particularly in the textile and tannery sectors.
An optimal bioenergy system design framework based on the water‐energy‐agriculture nexus
Authors: Dhanraj Rashi , Shastri Yogendra
Published: December 2024

Scaling biomass‐to‐ethanol systems in water‐stressed regions is challenging, particularly considering the impacts of climate change. This study presents an optimization model that incorporates agricultural cropping patterns as a decision variable alongside the design of lignocellulosic biorefinery systems. The model aims to identify configurations that prevent overexploitation of regional water resources. Building on a basic optimization framework previously developed for India, this work refines and extends the formulation. Key decision variables include district‐level cropping patterns for selected crops, as well as the location, size, and biomass collection strategies of biorefineries to produce ethanol. Four different objectives capture the environmental and socio‐economic dimensions of the problem. Regional precipitation is taken as the input, and surface and groundwater availability are modeled as a function of precipitation. A novel aspect of this work is the introduction of simplified linear relationships between groundwater recharge and precipitation, as well as between surface runoff and precipitation, considering regional variations in soil type, slope, and crop type. The model is applied to a case study of Maharashtra, India. The minimum ethanol production cost is ₹47/L ($ 0.56/L), and the maximum farmers' profit is approximately ₹33 550/ha ($ 400.11/ha). A 40% reduction in precipitation due to climate change can double the total irrigation water requirements. The Central Maharashtra Plateau is identified as the most important agroclimatic zone in the state. An increased ethanol blending target increases ethanol costs and reduces farmers' profits. The model can be used as a decision support tool to design the bioenergy system while staying within regional water resource sustainability constraints.
Nicorandil Ameliorates Depression‐Like Behaviors After Traumatic Brain Injury by Suppressing Ferroptosis Through the SLC7A11/GPX4 Axis in the Hippocampus
Authors: Tu Yao‐Ran , Tan Ming , Li Yao , Hong De‐Quan , Niu Fan
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Depression is a prevalent and significant psychological consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Ferroptosis, an iron‐dependent form of regulated cell death, exacerbates the neurological damage associated with TBI. This study investigates whether nicorandil, a potassium channel opener with nitrate‐like properties known for its antioxidative and neuroprotective effects, can mitigate depression‐like behaviors following TBI by modulating ferroptosis.

Methods

A controlled cortical impact (CCI) device was used to establish the TBI model. Depression‐like behaviors in rats were assessed using the sucrose preference test (SPT), the tail suspension test (TST), and the forced swimming test (FST). The antioxidant system, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis levels were evaluated. The SLC7A11/GPX4 axis was analyzed using quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot analysis.

Results

Nicorandil administration significantly ameliorated depression‐like behaviors in rats with TBI. Nicorandil administration also effectively restored the antioxidant system, substantially reduced lipid peroxidation, and attenuated ferroptosis in the hippocampus of rats with TBI. Mechanistically, nicorandil administration promoted the SLC7A11/GPX4 axis in the hippocampus of rats with TBI. Crucially, knockdown of hippocampal SLC7A11 abrogated the protective effects of nicorandil on depression‐like behaviors, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis in the hippocampus of rats with TBI.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that nicorandil ameliorates depression‐like behaviors following TBI by inhibiting hippocampal ferroptosis through the activation of the SLC7A11/GPX4 axis.
Dual‐threshold effect of resources and governance on the role of regulations in green innovation: Novel insights from a four‐regime panel approach
Authors: Tang Pengcheng , Liu Xuan , Mi Lili , Wang Guolin , Wang Junyu
Published: December 2024

Diverging from existing literature that predominantly examines the individual impacts of environmental regulations, financial resources, and governance focus on green innovation, our study introduces an innovative theoretical framework based on institutional theory, resource‐based view, and attention‐based view to elucidate the collective interplay of these factors in “going green.” Employing a state‐of‐the‐art threshold regression with two threshold variables, our empirical results highlight that only when critical values for both financial resources and governance focus on environmental concerns are simultaneously achieved, does the negative influence of environmental regulations on green innovation transform into a positive effect. Furthermore, less than 10% of observations enter the corresponding threshold interval, with financial resources acting as a peripheral condition in contrast to the central role of governance focus. These findings have significant practical implications for the implementation of environmental regulations and green financial policies, particularly in China and similar emerging economies, where governmental intervention remains pivotal in environmental stewardship.
From Niches to Global Value Chains: The Role of Firms' Collaborative Strategies in the Bioeconomy
Authors: Ayoub Martina , Befort Nicolas , Matt Mireille
Published: December 2024

The bioeconomy is expected to carry out the transition towards a bio‐based economy thanks to the transformation of petrochemical and fossil fuel value chains. Nevertheless, bio‐based innovations fail to overcome the hurdle of commercialisation and appropriation. This paper offers a renewed understanding of this problem by combining the niche‐to‐regime transition literature with the global value chain literature. The article hypothesises that to overcome the challenge of commercialisation and appropriation, bio‐based innovations need to break out of their sociotechnical niches and integrate global value chains (GVCs). To achieve this, niche players and lead firms in GVCs need to collaborate together. Using the case of microalgae, we theorise a time‐sensitive typology of collaborations according to the three phases mapped around innovation development from emergence to diffusion and commercialisation. This study highlights that the type of collaboration to adopt depends on the level of development of an innovation, suggesting that the study of collaborations as diffusion and commercial strategy deserves further attention in transition studies and GVCs literature.
Smile or Not Smile: The Effect of Virtual Influencers' Emotional Expression on Brand Authenticity, Purchase Intention and Follow Intention
Authors: Jiang Kan , Qin Meilian , Deng Dejun , Zhou Dailan
Published: December 2024

Virtual influencer (VI) has become a new tool for brand promotion. The existing researches mainly focus on VI's external feature cues, such as identity, appearance, and sensory factors. In addition to carefully curated images, VI can also display emotions like a human influencer. Emotional expression as a non‐verbal social cue, is a key factor influencing consumers. This research focuses on VI's emotional cues and their impact on consumers' behavioral intentions. Based on emotional contagion theory (ECT) and elaboration likelihood model (ELM), this paper discusses the emotional contagion effect of VI emotional display (smiling vs. non‐smiling) and its matching effect with brand stereotypes. The results of three online experiments (N = 691) show that: firstly, VI's smiling emotion has a stronger primitive emotional contagion. Secondly, VI emotional expression has a positive impact on brand authenticity, purchase intention, and follow intention through affective empathy and cognitive empathy. Finally, this study found that VI's smile does not always produce a more positive effect than not smiling. In advertising situations that highlight brand competence, VI without a smile is more persuasive. Our results provide a new explanation mechanism for the influence of VI emotional expression on consumers' behavioral intention and provide a new perspective and advertising strategy for VI marketing practice.
Vitamin D and Endometriosis: Is There a Mechanistic Link?
Authors: Jennings Bethany Scout , Hewison Martin
Published: December 2024

Endometriosis is a prevalent chronic gynaecological disorder, but its cause is still unclear, and both genetic and environmental factors may contribute disease aetiology. Prominent amongst the latter is vitamin D which can be obtained either by the action of sunlight on skin or from dietary sources. Serum levels of the main circulating form of vitamin D, 25‐hydroxvitamin D (25(OH)D), have been reported to be inversely correlated with endometriosis, suggesting that vitamin D‐deficiency may be a risk factor for the disease. Crucially, the active form of vitamin D, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) is known to exert many functions beyond its established role in the endocrinology of mineral homoeostasis and prevention of rickets. Several of these extra‐skeletal effects of 1,25(OH)2D may impact the risk and progression of endometriosis. The following review details the studies that have assessed associations between vitamin D status/supplementation and endometriosis severity and disease progression, but also describes the mechanistic targets for 1,25(OH)2D in endometriosis with specific reference to immunomodulatory responses and effects on angiogenesis. Endometriosis is an under‐reported health issue with poor non‐invasive options for diagnosis. Given that vitamin D‐deficiency may trigger or exacerbate key pathophysiological responses linked to endometriosis, analysis of vitamin D status in women may provide an alternative risk marker for endometriosis. Treatment options for endometriosis are also limited and the review will also consider whether vitamin D supplementation has a role in the management of endometriosis, either in prevention or treatment.
Mettl14 and Mettl3 Work Cooperatively to Regulate Retinal Development
Authors: Chen Dan , Xin Yanling , Guo Jingyi , Chen Shuyi
Published: December 2024

N6‐methylenadenosine (m6A) modification, the most abundant epitranscriptomic modification in eukaryotic mRNAs, has been shown to play crucial roles in regulating various aspects of mRNA metabolism and functions. In this study, we applied the Cre‐Loxp conditional knockout system to investigate the role of the core components of the m6A methyltransferase complex, METTL14 and METTL3, in retinal development. Our results showed that the double absence of Mettl14 and Mettl3 caused structural disturbance in the retina and prolonged the proliferation activity of retinal progenitor cells. Interestingly, the deletion of Mettl14 and Mettl3 did not affect the generation of various retinal cells, but severely disrupted their distribution. In addition, double deletion of Mettl14 together with Mettl3 caused a stronger phenotype than did single deletion of Mettl14. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that Mettl14 and Mettl3 work cooperatively to regulate retinal development.
Significant Reduction of Anode Reaction Overpotential in Alkaline Water Electrolysis by Ultrathin NiFe‐Layered Double Hydroxide in Ethanol‐Added Electrolyte
Authors: Wang Huiying , Huo Mengtian , Liang Yu , Qin Kaichi , Li Qianyu , Liu Wei , Xing Zihao , Chang Jinfa
Published: December 2024

Electrochemical alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) is regarded as an effective method for producing high‐purity hydrogen without relying on platinum group metal (PGM) as catalyst. However, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), as the anode half‐reaction, involves a four‐electron transfer process with slow kinetics, which significantly reduces the overall reaction efficiency of AWE. Although highly efficient catalysts can accelerate the OER rate, the high overpotential of the anode still remains an important factor hindering AWE. Herein, ultrathin NiFe‐layered double hydroxide (U‐NiFe LDH) nanosheet arrays were synthesized and used as anode catalysts due to their robust structure, excellent flexibility, and effective interlayer anion compensation. Only 250 mV of overpotential was required for OER to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH. Incorporating the additive ethanol into KOH electrolyte further reduces the required overpotential of AWE to 114 mV. The anode overpotential could be decreased by 130 mV at a current density of 100 mA cm−2 in a three‐electrode electrolysis system with U‐NiFe LDH as the anode. This work provides a possible approach for the development of low‐energy and green AWE technology for electrocatalytic hydrogen production.
Synthesis and Properties of Donor–Acceptor‐Type Cyclobisbiphenylenecarbonyls
Authors: Nishimoto Emiko , Ikai Tomoyuki , Shinokubo Hiroshi , Fukui Norihito
Published: December 2024

The scalable synthesis of figure‐eight π‐systems is challenging for the conventional bottom‐up approach. We have recently reported that the oxidative inner‐bond cleavage of commercially available dibenzo[g,p]chrysene efficiently furnishes a figure‐eight π‐acceptor, cyclobisbiphenylenecarbonyl (CBBC), in large quantity. Furthermore, its donor–acceptor‐type derivative with four N‐carbazolyl substituents at the meta‐positions of the carbonyl groups exhibited thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with a high |gCPL| value of 1.0×10−2. Herein, we synthesized nine donor–acceptor‐type CBBC derivatives by changing the donor substituents and their positions. Compared to previously reported carbazole‐substituted CBBC, tetramethylcarbazole‐ and 9,10‐dihydro‐9,9‐dimethylacridine‐substituted derivatives exhibited enhanced emission quantum yields and accelerated reverse intersystem crossing. The functionalization of the para‐positions of the carbonyl groups resulted in better tunability of emission colors rather than meta‐functionalization, whose color variation ranges from light blue to red. The incorporation of bulky substituents at the meta‐positions of the carbonyl groups induced the conformational change to a distorted ring structure. Investigation of the substituent effect on the chiroptical properties revealed that the introduction of less bulky donor units such as carbazole at the meta‐positions of the carbonyl groups is effective in achieving high |gCPL| values.
A new class of asymptotic maximin distance Latin hypercube designs
Authors: Xia Xinxin , Li Wenlong , Li Pengnan
Published: December 2024

Maximin distance Latin hypercube designs have been widely used in computer experiments because they can achieve one‐dimensional stratification and full‐dimensional space‐filling properties. In this article, we propose a new method for constructing a class of Latin hypercube designs that can accommodate many columns. We show that the resulting designs are asymptotically optimal under the maximin distance criterion, and enjoy a large proportion of low‐dimensional stratification properties that strong orthogonal arrays should have. In addition, the proposed method can be used to construct a class of asymptotically optimal sliced maximin distance Latin hypercube designs. These designs are well suited to computer experiments due to their good space‐filling properties.
The colour Technology of Under the Caribbean (Hans Hass, 1954) Through a Comparison of Original Film Sources and Archival Documents
Authors: Clemens Rita
Published: December 2024

Hans Hass' Under the Caribbean (1954, LI, AT, DE) was one of the world's first underwater colour films. As such, it provides a unique case study and raises interesting questions about the film's colour technology, combining 35 mm chromogenic negative and 16 mm Kodachrome processes with Technicolor imbibition printing in an interweaving of colour processes. Research into the vast amount of Hass' film material held at the Filmarchiv Austria has not yet revealed any of the original Kodachrome footage of this film nor its opticals. However, based on archival documents, it was possible to confirm and reconstruct the workflow Technicolor adopted for this film. Investigating the production history of Under the Caribbean not only provides film historical knowledge of this specific film, but also film technical insights into the production of other films of the early 50s, that also combine several colour processes. This research will be presented together with a discussion of the restoration possibilities offered by the source material, that is, the cut negative and several release prints.
A DFT Based Screening of the Electronic, Structural, Transport, Thermodynamic, and Optical Features of Potassium‐based K2InAsCl6 Double Perovskites for Renewable Energies
Authors: Ain Quratul , Munir Junaid , Murtaza Hudabia , Aldwayyan Abdullah S. , Ghaithan Hamid M. , Ahmed Abdullah Ahmed Ali , Qaid Saif M. H.
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, double perovskite materials are playing an exceptional role in the field of optoelectronics, spintronics, and photovoltaics as they exhibit outstanding characteristics. In the present work, a comprehensive examination of the mechanical, electrical, optical, thermal, and structural characteristics of the K2InAsCl6 double perovskite complex is conducted by using the density functional theory via Wien2k software. The K2InAsCl6 exhibits structural, thermodynamic, and mechanical stability which is evaluated through several parameters. The K2InAsCl6 possess a direct band gap of 0.5 eV which is also endorsed by the total density of states (DOS). The K2InAsCl6 exhibits ductile character and longitudinal waves are found to be predominate over transverse waves. Furthermore, the optical analysis indicates that the material's intricate electrical configuration is suitable for significant optical activity across the visible spectrum. The versatility of K2InAsCl6 is well‐proven by its robust thermal and mechanical properties. It exhibits excellent ZT value (0.92) at room temperature which confirms its potential for green energy applications.
Crystallization of α and β Polymorphs of Para Aminobenzoic Acid from Mixed Solvents by Slow Evaporation Method
Authors: Mathew Ansu , Madhesh Madhumitha , Karuppannan Srinivasan
Published: December 2024

Para aminobenzoic acid (p‐ABA), a well‐known pharmaceutical material with a challenging polymorphic nature, is chosen for study in this paper. The material has four reported polymorphs, containing two solution forms (α and β), a vapor form, and a high‐pressure form. The solution‐grown forms α and β are experimentally grown using mixed solvents of water and isopropyl alcohol with nine different mixing compositions at temperatures of 298, 303, and 308 K. The solubility of the commercially available p‐ABA is calculated gravimetrically, and the polymorphic crystals are grown using the slow solvent evaporation method for all the mixing ratios at different temperatures. A ternary diagram constructed on the solubility of p‐ABA in mixed solvents gives an insight into the nucleation nature of two polymorphs. To understand the nature of nucleation and growth of two forms of p‐ABA, an in situ microscopic study is carried out, and the grown crystals are characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. This also confirmed that the grown crystals are two solutions grown polymorphs of para aminobenzoic acid, both belonging to monoclinic systems with P21/n space group.
Acute effects of supramaximal loaded back squat activation on countermovement jump performance, muscle mechanical properties, and skin surface temperature in powerlifters
Authors: Perenc Dawid , Stastny Petr , Urbański Robert , Krzysztofik Michał
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of performing either eccentric‐only (ECC) or eccentric‐concentric (ECC‐CON) back squats (BS) with a supramaximal load on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Changes in front thigh skin surface temperature and mechanical properties (oscillation frequency and stiffness) of the vastus lateralis were also examined. Fourteen male powerlifters participated in this study (age: 22.5 ± 2.3 years, body weight: 84.2 ± 11.1 kg, height: 178 ± 7 cm, training experience: 5.4 ± 1.6 years, BS one‐repetition maximum [1RM]: 177 ± 22.8 kg). The experimental sessions included 2 sets of 2 BS at 110% 1RM of either ECC‐CON (load distributed by half on the barbell [55%] and on weight releasers [55%]) or ECC (only eccentric phase of BS) and CTRL with no CA applied. CMJ performance, mechanical properties, and skin surface temperature were measured before and at the third, sixth, ninth, and 12th min. After each protocol, only the ECC‐CON condition led to a significant increase in CMJ height after individual optimal rest time compared to pre‐CA (38.1 ± 5.2 vs. 39.8 ± 5.0 cm; p = 0.003; effect size [ES] = 0.32; Δ = 4.9 ± 5.0%) with a significant rise in skin surface temperature (32.98 ± 1.24 vs. 33.69 ± 0.96°C; p = 0.006; ES = 0.62; Δ = 2.2 ± 2.6%) and no significant changes in mechanical properties of the vastus lateralis. The ECC‐CON condition led to a significant acute improvement in CMJ height and an increase in front thigh skin surface temperature among powerlifters. The ECC‐CON supramaximal lower limb PAPE protocol should be effectively used among males representing high levels of lower limb muscle strength (>2 × body mass).
Distributions of Trace Elements and Their Relationships With Heavy Minerals in Some Chinese Low‐Rank Coals
Authors: Jin Peng , Tian Chong , Huang Yuxuan , Gong Bengen , Wang Xiaochuan
Published: December 2024

To better understand the properties of low rank coals, especially the correlation information between the trace elements (TEs) and minerals, four typical low‐rank coals in China, namely Xiaolongtan (XLT), Shenbei (SB), Huolinhe (HLH), and Shengli (SL) were quantitatively studied for their mineralogical characteristics and TEs distributions, to provide a basis for proposing methods to remove impurities from low‐rank coal and reduce environmental pollution. Results show that light mineral fractions (LMFs, ρ < 2.89 g/cm3) are more than 90% (wt.%) in the four low‐rank coals with clay minerals dominating in composition. Minerals in the heavy mineral fractions (HMFs, ρ > 2.89 g/cm3) vary from coal to coal. Rare heavy mineral particles including zircon, sphalerite, and gypsum are observed in HMFs from four low‐rank coals. Minerals are the major carriers of the TEs, and different kinds of minerals carry different kinds of TEs. TEs such as Cu, Zn, Tl, As, Cd, Sn, Ni, Sb, Pb have an affinity to occur in pyrite; Gd, Sr, Ba, Eu, and Bi are associated with barite; Cr, Mo are abundant in Fe‐bearing carbonate.
Effect of Proppant on Seepage and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Fractured Granite of Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Systems
Authors: Dong Xu , Wu Yu , Li Decheng , Hao Yang , Geng Haozhe
Published: December 2024

The seepage and heat transfer characteristics of fractured rock are critical issues in hot dry rock exploitation. This paper investigates the effects of proppant on the seepage characteristics under different conditions through seepage experiments on split granite fractures. Subsequently, seepage–heat transfer coupling mechanisms in fractured granite are elucidated through numerical simulations. The results indicate that the flow rate increases in fractures with large crack widths as temperature rises, while in fractures with small crack widths, an increase in temperature reduces the flow rate. Additionally, normal constraint force increases with rising confining pressure, consequently reducing the flow rate. Extension of seepage paths is favored by higher injection pressures, thereby improving flow rates. The inclusion of proppant effectively supports the fracture, expanding its width and significantly increasing the flow rate. Furthermore, injection into the reservoir forms a low‐temperature cooling zone, which gradually advances towards the outlet over time. Initially, the outlet temperature and extract heat rate remain stable before decreasing almost linearly. Proppant filling accelerates the heat transfer rate and significantly boosts the initial extract heat rate; however, it also leads to a faster decline in reservoir heat quantity, resulting in a subsequent extract heat rate lower than that of unfilled fractures. These findings underscore the importance of balanced extract heat efficiency and enhanced geothermal system reservoir longevity for the sustained exploitation of geothermal energy.
Reliability analysis and design of soil slopes considering spatial variability under rainfall infiltration
Authors: Zhu Wen‐Qing , Zhao Shuang‐Lin , Han Han , Liu Lei‐Lei , Zhang Wen‐Gang , Zhang Shao‐He , Cheng Yung‐Ming
Published: December 2024

Slope reliability analysis is a critical aspect of geotechnical engineering, particularly under conditions of rainfall infiltration, where the spatial variability of soil parameters can significantly affect the reliability of slopes. Traditional methods like Monte Carlo simulation are often computationally intensive, severely challenging the design of cutting slopes considering the spatial variability of multiple soil parameters. To address this challenge, this study proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based surrogate model to efficiently assess the reliability of unsaturated soil slopes. The CNN model is trained to establish an implicit relationship between the random field inputs of soil parameters and the corresponding slope stability outcomes, enabling rapid calculation of the probability of failure (Pf) under varying conditions. The results indicate that as rainfall intensity increases, the Pf rises. For the same slope cutting distance, a greater slope cutting angle leads to a higher Pf. Similarly, for the same slope cutting angle, increasing the slope cutting distance results in a higher Pf; and the impact of slope cutting distance on slope reliability is more significant than that of slope cutting angle. Additionally, for various rainfall conditions and slope cutting scenarios, the CNN‐based surrogate model is integrated into the full probability reliability design method, and a design response surface is used to establish the relationship between design variables and reliability responses. It is found that the proposed approach can efficiently evaluate the reliability of all design schemes. A strategy for determining the optimal slope cutting scheme is finally provided as practical guidance to meet the target reliability.
A High‐Order Finite Element Method for Solving Two‐Dimensional Fractional Rayleigh–Stokes Problem for a Heated Generalized Second Grade Fluid
Authors: Ngondiep Eric
Published: December 2024

This article develops a high‐order finite element scheme in an approximate solution of the two‐dimensional Rayleigh–Stokes problem for a heated generalized second‐grade fluid with fractional derivatives. The constructed approach consists of approximating the exact solution by interpolation in time while the finite element technique is used in the approximation of the spatial derivatives. This combination is simple and easy to implement. The stability and error estimates of the developed strategy are deeply analyzed in the ‐norm. The theoretical studies suggest that the proposed method is unconditionally stable, convergent with order , faster, and more efficient than a broad range of numerical schemes discussed in the literature for the considered time fractional partial differential equation. Some numerical examples are carried out to show the applicability and viability of the new algorithm.
Nano‐Coating Loaded With Leaf and Flowers of Pelargonium graveolens Plant Extract Stabilized With Fenugreek Seed Gum and Soy Protein Isolate in Increasing the Shelf Life of Mutton Fillet
Authors: Ebrahimi Farzad , Habibi Nader , Hosseini Mohammadyar
Published: December 2024

In this study, the extract of leaf and flower of Pelargonium graveolens was obtained using an ultrasonic‐assisted extraction method. The extraction yield and the content of phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol compounds in the flower extract were higher (13.93%, 74.97 mg GAE g DM−1, 31.93 mg QE g DM−1, and 9.08 mg QEE g DM−1) than leaf extract (10.69%, 67.46 mg GAE g DM−1, 23.04 mg QE g DM−1, and 11.34 mg QEE g DM−1). Both extracts demonstrated antioxidant properties in tests involving the scavenging of DPPH radicals and the ferric reduction assay. Extracts exhibited antimicrobial properties. MIC of flower extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were 2500 and 5000, while MBC of leaf extract were 15,000, and 20,000 ppm, respectively. The concentration of 2000 ppm of extracts was encapsulated in fenugreek seed gum (FSG) and soy protein isolate (SPI) produced by the emulsification method. All nano‐coatings exhibited a nanometric size range between 172.75 to 255.21 nm, and encapsulation efficiency higher than 80.0% (80.82% to 89.59%). The application of nano‐coatings significantly reduced microbial counts and delayed lipid oxidation in mutton meat during 12 days of cold storage at 4°C, enhancing meat quality and extending shelf life. The inclusion of bioactive compounds like polyphenols in the coatings contributed to antimicrobial and antioxidant effects, decreasing pH levels and preventing spoilage. The findings indicated that the combination of edible FSG and SPI as wall materials with 2000 ppm of P. graveolens extract demonstrated efficacy in implementation bacterial growth and lipid oxidation in fresh mutton meat.
Association of Dietary Intake of Vitamin A With Adolescent Hypertension: A Cross‐Sectional Study Based on NHANES 1999–2018
Authors: Mao Yukang , Chen Lin , Wang Yuli , Wu Lida , Xu Guidong , Kong Xiangqing , Chen Chao , Weng Jiayi
Published: December 2024

We aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake of vitamin A and risk of hypertension during adolescence. We interrogated the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, from which individual‐level data on dietary intake of vitamin A were garnered from 13,909 adolescents (aged 10–19 years) participating in the 1999–2018 study cycle. After dividing vitamin A intake into four quartiles, we leveraged weighted multivariate logistic regression to investigate the association of vitamin A intake with hypertension by each quartile, with the restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve plotted to assess the nonlinearity of association. Additionally, we performed subgroup analysis to examine whether gender remarkably affects vitamin A's effect on hypertension. Of all the adolescent participants, 1477 (10.6%) were found to have hypertension. Following thorough adjustments for confounding factors, per 1‐SD increment in vitamin A intake was associated with a 23%, 26%, and 31% reduction in the risk of hypertension for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles, respectively. Consistently, the RCS curve indicated that the risk of adolescent hypertension presented a decreasing trend as vitamin A intake creeped up. Intriguingly, gender‐stratified subgroup analysis demonstrated that the observed association between vitamin A and adolescent hypertension was more pronounced in boys. Together, our findings outlined vitamin A as a protective dietary factor against hypertension among US adolescents. When using vitamin A supplements for preventing hypertension, boys may gain more practical benefits.
The Improvement Effects of Sika Deer Antler Protein in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model via the Microbe–Gut–Brain Axis
Authors: Li Lei , Wang Lulu , Ding Weixing , Wu Jianfa , Liu Fei , Liu Jiansong , Zhang Jing , Wang Jing
Published: December 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. The interplay between the intestinal microbiota and metabolites is believed to influence brain function and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative conditions through the microbe–gut–brain axis. Sika deer antler protein possesses neuroprotective properties; however, the precise mechanism by which it improves AD remains unclear. Sika deer antler protein ameliorated AD in vivo by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. The metabolome of brain and intestinal tissues and the microbiota of intestinal contents were tested and analyzed according to the microbe‐gut‐brain theory. Sika deer antler protein increased beneficial bacterial levels and decreased harmful bacterial levels. Correlation analyses using the gut flora–metabolomics pathway ultimately revealed that sika deer antler protein modulated the brain and intestinal tract bi‐directionally via the tyrosine metabolism pathway, thereby establishing a connection within the microbe–gut–brain axis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of the differential metabolite targets of the DAP4 group showed that the enriched pathways mainly included PI3K/AKT, which was consistent with the findings of the pharmacodynamic mechanisms observed in in vivo experiments. This suggests that antler protein may be involved in microbe‐gut‐brain interactions through tyrosine metabolism and may improve AD by activating the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway. These findings add to our understanding of the microbe–gut–brain axis facilitated by sika deer antler protein and offer novel insights for further research on sika deer antler protein in alleviating AD.
Optimizing Printability of Rice Protein‐Based Formulations Using Extrusion‐Based 3D Food Printing
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Trang , Ahmadzadeh Safoura , Schöberl Helmut , Ubeyitogullari Ali
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of an innovative extrusion‐based 3D food printing (3DFOODP) technique in developing rice protein‐starch (RP‐S) gel‐based products. The effects of 3DFOODP conditions were examined, which included variations in the concentrations of rice protein (RP) and corn starch (S) (15, 17.5, and 20 wt.%), nozzle size (0.8, 1.5, and 2.5 mm), printing temperature (40°C, 60°C, and 80°C), and ingredient flow speed (5.7, 6.3, and 6.9 mL/min). A hollow cylindrical model was chosen as a test object to determine the printability of RP‐S gels. The best 3D printability was achieved using an RP concentration of 17.5% and an S concentration of 15% at 60°C printing temperature with a nozzle size of 1.5 mm, and ingredient flow speed of 6.3 mL/min. With increasing the RP concentration, a rise in apparent viscosity, loss, and storage moduli was observed. The recovery test showed the gels' rapid and reversible response. The freeze‐dried 3D‐printed RP‐S gels showed a porous granular structure, depending on the printing temperature. No chemical interactions between the RP and S were observed as analyzed by FTIR. Overall, RP, in combination with S, provides a new opportunity for the 3DFOODP and their utilization by the alternative protein industry.
Exploring the Anticancer Effect of Artemisia herba‐alba on Colorectal Cancer: Insights From Eight Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Bou Malhab Lara J. , Harb Amani A. , Eldohaji Leen , Taneera Jalal , Al‐Hroub Hamza M. , Abuhelwa Ahmad , Alzoubi Karem H. , Abu‐Irmaileh Bashaer , Hudaib Mohammad , Almaliti Jehad , Abdel‐Rahman Wael M. , Shanableh Abdallah , Semreen Mohammad H. , El‐Huneidi Waseem , Abu‐Gharbieh Eman , Bustanji Yasser
Published: December 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and deadly disease, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. Traditional chemotherapy often encounters drug resistance and adverse side effects, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. Artemisia herba‐alba, a plant rich in phytochemical constituents, was investigated for its potential as an anticancer agent against colorectal cancer (CRC). The primary objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of the methanolic extract of A. herba‐alba on eight CRC cell lines including: Caco‐2, DLD1, RKO+/+p53, RKO−/−p53, HCT+/+p53, HCT−/−p53, SW620, and SW480. Specifically, the study investigated the extract's impact on cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and effects on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Chemical derivatization and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including ephedrine, hydroxyflavone, quinolinic acid, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, borneol, β‐eudesmol, and camphor, known for their cytotoxic properties. The methanolic extract of A. herba‐alba exhibited varying degrees of cytotoxicity across a panel of CRC cell lines, with IC50 values indicating differential sensitivity. The extract triggered apoptosis in many cell lines, irrespective of p53 status. Importantly, A. herba‐alba extract caused G2‐M phase cell cycle arrest in CRC cells, accompanied by a decrease in Cyclin B1 and CDK1 expression. Furthermore, the extract demonstrated an inhibitory effect on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, crucial in cancer progression. These findings highlight the promising anticancer potential of Artemisia herba‐alba as a valuable resource for innovative CRC treatments. Further research is warranted to elucidate its specific anticancer characteristics and explore its potential incorporation into future cancer therapy approaches.
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and Postoperative Outcomes Following Head and Neck Cancer Surgery
Authors: Kaki Praneet C. , Patel Aman M. , Brant Jason A. , Cannady Steven B. , Rajasekaran Karthik , Brody Robert M. , Carey Ryan M.
Published: December 2024

Background

The geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) is a tool to assess preoperative nutritional status that can be calculated simply based on height, weight, and serum albumin. This study assesses the utility of GNRI in predicting postoperative complications in patients undergoing major head and neck cancer (HNC) surgery.

Methods

Retrospective review of the 2016–2020 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Patients were categorized into GNRI > 98 (normal nutritional status), GNRI 92–98 (moderate malnutrition status), and GNRI < 92 (severe malnutrition status). Univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results

Sixteen thousand seven hundred eight‐nine patients undergoing HNC resection were included. On multivariable analysis, moderate and severe malnourishment based on GNRI remained significantly associated with any surgical complication, any medical complication, any complication, Clavien‐Dindo grade IV complications, and 30‐day mortality.

Conclusions

GNRI may have utility as a potentially modifiable preoperative prognostic factor that can be optimized to improve complications and mortality following HNC resection.

Level of Evidence

Level 4.
On TRacK With Larotrectinib in a Neonate With a Giant Congenital ETV6::NTRK3 Fusion‐Positive Infantile Fibrosarcoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Cardesa‐Salzmann Teresa M. , Sparber‐Sauer Monika , Hingst Peter , Erbersdobler Andreas , Schneider Bjoern , Hühns Maja , Jakob Andre , Terpe Friederike , Spang Christian , Stalmann Dorothea , Bierwirth Claudia , Hauenstein Christina , Märzheuser Stefanie , Ballmann Manfred , Classen Carl Friedrich
Published: December 2024

Background

Infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS) is a rare pediatric tumor of intermediate malignancy with high local aggressiveness that typically presents in young infants. Its occurrence in the head and neck region is rare. Complete non‐mutilating surgical resection is often not possible, requiring multimodal treatment. IFS frequently harbors neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) fusions. Targeted therapy with NTRK inhibitors is modifying treatment paradigms of IFS.

Methods

Herein, we report the case of a neonate with a giant unresectable congenital ETV6::NTRK3 (+) IFS of the head and neck region without rapid response to chemotherapy who was treated with larotrectinib oral suspension.

Results

Larotrectinib was well tolerated and induced an impressive clinical and radiologic response.

Conclusions

This case illustrates an example of pediatric precision oncology in a neonate with an ETV6::NTRK3 (+) congenital IFS of the head and neck region and provides further reference for the use of larotrectinib in the neonatal period.
Exploring the Active Lithium Loss in Anode‐Free Lithium Metal Batteries: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Strategies
Authors: Duan Xuzhi , Sun Jinran , Shi Liang , Dong Shanmu , Cui Guanglei
Published: December 2024

Anode‐free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs), also known as lithium metal batteries (LMBs) with zero excess lithium, have garnered significant attention due to their substantially higher energy density compared to conventional lithium metal anodes, improved safety characteristics, and lower production costs. However, the current cycling stability of AFLMBs faces formidable challenges primarily caused by significant lithium loss associated with the deposition of lithium metal. Therefore, this review focuses on the crucial aspects of lithium metal nucleation and growth on the anode side. Respectively, aiming to provide an in‐depth understanding of the deposition mechanisms, comprehensively summarize the corresponding scientific influencing factors, and analyze specific strategies for addressing these issues through the integration of relevant exemplary cases. Importantly, this review endeavors to offer a profound explication of the scientific essence and intricate mechanisms that underlie the diverse modification strategies. This review possesses the inherent capacity to greatly facilitate the progress and enlightenment of research in this field, offering a valuable resource for the researchers.
Reassessing the Predictive Power of the Yield Spread for Recessions in the United States
Authors: Coe Patrick J. , Vahey Shaun P.
Published: December 2024

Rudebusch and Williams (2009) predict recessions in the United States utilising a probit model with the lagged yield spread as a real‐time predictor. Mindful of the importance of recent yield curve movements, we update their analysis and evaluate quarterly forecasts from their probit model up to the end of 2023. We also analyze lagged financial conditions as an alternative real‐time predictor. We find that both the yield spread and financial conditions perform relatively well at the longer horizons considered by the experts in the Survey of Professional Forecasters.