bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the electrical conductivity of an ionized gas based on a numerical analysis of the kinetics of electrons
Authors: Markov Mikhail Borisovich , Kosarev Oleg Sergeevich , Parot'kin Sergey Vladimirovich , Tarakanov Ilya Alekseyevich
Published: August 2023

A weakly ionized medium formed during impact ionization of a rarefied gas by fast electrons is considered. The development of a model of radiative conductivity based on approximations of the spatial homogeneity of the distribution function of slow secondary electrons and its symmetry with respect to the direction of the electric field is presented. The equations for the concentration, drift velocity, and specific energy of slow electrons are derived from the kinetic equation. The numerical solution of the exact kinetic equation is used to construct the coefficients of the equations for the moments, as well as to test the radiative conductivity model.
Pemenuhan standar layak huni infrastruktur lingkungan pada Perumnas Jeruksawit Permai di Kecamatan Gondangrejo, Kabupaten Karanganyar
Authors: Ragazza Estrelita Adriana Prima , Kusumastuti Kusumastuti , Miladan Nur
Published: August 2023

Perumahan dan permukiman merupakan kebutuhan dasar bagi masyarakat sebagai tempat tumbuh kembangnya budaya dan peradaban manusia. Perencanaan perumahan tidak hanya meliputi perencanaan dan perancangan bangunan rumah saja melainkan meliputi pula perencanaan prasarana, sarana, dan utilitas umum  yang sesuai dengan standar layak huni. Hal ini bertujuan agar lingkungan perumahan menjadi satu kesatuan fungsional dalam tata ruang fisik, kehidupan ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya. Kebijakan terkait perencanaan sarana dan prasarana lingkungan telah diatur dalam SNI 03-1733-2004 dan Kepmenkimpraswil No. 534/KPTS/M/2001. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pemenuhan standar layak huni pada Perumnas Jeruksawit Permai yang dibangun oleh PT. Perumnas dengan target pengguna untuk masyarakat menengah ke bawah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan analisis data menggunakan analisis skoring dan analisis spasial buffer. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuisioner, observasi lapangan, dan citra satelit. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan Perumnas Jeruksawit Permai telah mampu memenuhi standar layak huni walaupun masih ditemukan beberapa kelemahan, seperti keterjangkauan sarana pendidikan, kebudayaan dan rekreasi, serta kualitas air bersih.
Perubahan karakteristik aktivitas perdagangan sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19 (studi kasus : kawasan perdagangan jasa Pasar Kliwon, Surakarta)
Authors: Ari Shinta Yus , Putri Rufia Andisetyana , Mukaromah Hakimatul
Published: August 2023

Kawasan Pasarkliwon merupakan salah satu pusat pelayanan kota di Surakarta dengan fokus kegiatan perdagangan seperti diatur dalam Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota Surakarta tahun 2016-2021. Aneka ragam kegiatan perdagangan yang ada di kawasan Pasarkliwon, dari toko kelontong, swalayan, dealer, toko khusus, dan lainnya. Pada bulan Maret 2021, Indonesia dilanda wabah pandemi Covid-19 yang berdampak terhadap seluruh aktivitas manusia, termasuk aktivitas perdagangan. Sebelum pandemi Covid-19, terdapat 63% penduduk menjadi pedagang dan saat pandemi meningkat menjadi 65%. Secara spasial, perubahan terjadi mulai dari ragam sarana perdagangan, jangkauan, luas lantai, jumlah pelaku, cara belanja, dan cara pembayaran. Metodologi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seluruh karakteristik perdagangan kawasan Pasarkliwon mengalami perubahan karena harus beradaptasi dengan kebijakan pemerintah. Regulasi yang berdampak terhadap aktivitas perdagangan adalah pembatasan kegiatan masyarakat. Kebijakan  lain yang berdampak terhadap jangkauan konsumen yang semakin meluas adalah adanya regulasi untuk melakukan aktivitas jual beli secara daring saat pandemi Covid-19. Selain itu, pedagang juga memfasilitasi konsumen untuk dapat melakukan belanja secara daring, termasuk cara pembayaran yang beraneka ragam untuk memudahkan transaksi pembayaran. Perubahan tersebut merupakan adaptasi pedagang dalam menghadapi pandemi dan menyesuaikan diri dengan perubahan yang terjadi masyarakat luas.
Rekonstruksi literasi jurnal guru: Geliat publikasi dan reformulasi hasil riset pada pembelajaran
Authors: Ristanto Rizhal Hendi , Djamahar Refirman , Lisanti Elsa , Rusdi Rusdi , Alhady Muhammad , Aswida Fathan
Published: July 2023

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan agar meningkatkan literasi jurnal bagi guru selanjutnya meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan. Metode yang digunakan dalan kegiatan ini yaitu survei dengan populasi adalah guru rumpun IPA di wilayah Jabodetabek. Sampel yang telibat adalah guru MGMP IPA Kabupatenb Bekasi, Guru MGMP Biologi Kabupaten Bekasi dan calon guru Biologi wilayah Jabodetabek. Sample berjumlah 229 guru dan calon guru. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket yang diberikan pada saat sebelum kegiatan melalui google form yang memuat pertanyaan pemahaman jenis jurnal ilmiah, pengalamana menulis artikel ilmiah, pemahaman prinsip dalam penulisan publikasi ilmiah, dan keaktifan mengikuti workshop penulisan artikel ilmiah. Hasil dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa hasil kegiatan dapat meningkatkan literasi jurnal ditunjukkan dengan pemahaman pada saat diskusi selesai presentasi materi. Kegiatan literasi jurnal bagi guru diharapkan dapat terus dilaksanakan sehingga kualitas pendidikan juga meningkat.
The Contestation of Feminism and Religious Authority and Its Implication in Islamic Education
Authors: Nur Fuad Ai Fatimah , Rizky Ramadhan Alif
Published: July 2023

Feminism and religious authority are two conceptual frameworks that have been subjects of discussion in the field of Islamic education. Both concepts are an ongoing contestation due to difference of perspectives and practices within Muslim community. Feminism in one hand is a movement that advocates gender equity and criticizes the marginalization of women in society. It often questions the culture of patriarchy that limit women’s agency. On the other hand, religious authority is often described as male-dominated domain. This paper aims to elaborate how feminism challenges traditional and conservative religious authority and to what extent its implications towards Islamic education? These questions are answered through a library-based qualitative method. The finding shows that feminism challenges the dominance of male religious authority. Feminism emphasizes the need for Islamic educational institutions to implement egalitarian principles of Islam that place female and male equally and to promote women’s religious role, leadership and religious authority. This will contribute to rebuild a more egalitarian Islamic education that empower women and shape a more inclusive Muslim society.
Theological Anthropocentrism: An Interpretation of Scripture and Semitic Theodicy in Overcoming the Environmental Crisis
Authors: Nurul Huda  , Kuswanjono Arqom , Himmawan Utomo Agus
Published: July 2023

This research aims to explore by offering theodicy as the basis for anthropocentric theology to purify God of all the bad images that occur creation of God, and theological criticism of the theocentric view which positions God with his absolute will to do anything, including creating and allowing environmental crises to occur also the anthropocentric opinion which positions humans with their free will has led to an environmental crisis. The contradiction of belief in God as the Most Perfect Essence with the fact that there is a problem of evil (imperfection) in creation of God that a perennial debate that has existed since the birth of these religions. These research method uses a literature review and data analysis using a qualitative hermentic approach. The results of the study describe the views of the Bible and the Qur'an about human freedom and present theodicy debates from traditional to modern in Christian and Islamic theology, about the role and ethics of humans towards nature or the environments. The results of the research are hoped it will become theological literacy or provide theological arguments for the need for human intervention to be fair, good, and true to the environment. Apart from being an implementation of faith in the Supreme Being, this intervention is also a human responsibility as a moral agent for protecting the environment.
Perilaku Adaptif dan Sikap Moderat Guru dan Dosen Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Narulita Sari , Hadiyanto Andy , Alfurqan Alfurqan , Amaliyah Amaliyah
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh perilaku adaptif lintas budaya dan sikap moderat dosen dan guru PAI.  Sikap moderat menjadi hal penting, di tengah maraknya pemikiran yang berujung pada kekerasan yang mengatasnamakan agama. Penelitian ini menggunakan Pendekatan Kuantitatif dengan metode regresi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah dosen dan guru PAI dengan responden berjumlah 153 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dengan analisis data menggunakan program SPSS versi 29.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan tingkat perilaku adaptif lintas budaya dan sikap moderat berdasarkan profesi. Sedangkan berdasarkan jenis kelamin, afiliasi dan usia, ditemukan perbedaan pada Sebagian indikator variabel dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini pun menunjukkan adanya pengaruh perilaku adaptif lintas budaya sebesar 41.3% terhadap sikap moderat. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya mengembangkan perilaku adaptif lintas budaya sebagai upaya meningkatkan sikap moderat bagi dosen dan guru PAI.
Media Framing of QS. al-Nisā’ [4]: 34 by @quranreview on Instagram: Glorifying Women Tendencies in Interpretation
Authors: Ghozali Mahbub , Nurmadiansyah Muhammad Toriq
Published: July 2023

This study examines @quranreview's interpretation of Qur'anic verse QS. al-Nisā' [4]: 34 on social media, focusing on the words used to convey meaning. Interpreting the Qur'an on social media is often simple and direct, as it involves exploring the meaning of verses through individual comments. However, this approach needs to improve in that it can sometimes overlook the central message of the verse due to its focus on individual words. Discovering the tendency of word choice in interpreting the Qur'an contributes to developing interpretation in social media. Through a qualitative analysis using critical discourse analysis by Teun A. van Dijk, we found that @quranreview deliberately chooses representative words to challenge the traditional interpretation of the verse, which can be discriminatory towards women. The study highlights the importance of careful word choice in interpreting the Qur'an on social media, especially when dealing with sensitive and controversial topics. It also suggests that @quranreview's tendency to glorify women in its interpretation can contribute to a broader and more nuanced understanding of the text.
An IoT measurement system for a tailored monitoring of CO2 and total volatile organic compounds inside face masks
Authors: Ruffa Filippo , Lugarà Mariacarla , Fulco Gaetano , De Capua Claudio
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes an innovative IoT-based system for monitoring air quality inside protective equipment such as FFP2 masks, which have become more widespread due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The system aims to provide diagnostic elements to specialist doctors and suggest a healthier use of the mask by monitoring the concentration of pollutants. The system aggregates data over a 15-minute window and calculates average values for each measured parameter, comparing them with reference thresholds to suggest removing the mask if necessary. An innovative aspect is personalized monitoring of exhaled breath, specifically Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), providing a customized and reliable information framework for doctors. This is possible thanks to the integration of removable memories, inside which the user's personal information and metrological characteristics of the system are stored in a standardized form. The proposed platform is accessible to both users and doctors, enabling early diagnosis by providing a complete picture of the patient's specific condition. This solution can have a strong impact on daily life and well-being, especially for diseases that increase the presence of certain compounds in the exhaled breath.
Low-cost monitoring for stimulus detection in skin conductance
Authors: Iadarola Grazia , Bruschi Valeria , Cecchi Stefania , Dourou Nefeli Aikaterini , Spinsante Susanna
Published: August 2023

Not so many consumer devices are available for minimally invasive monitoring of Skin Conductance (SC), differently from what happens for other physiological signals. In this paper, a low-cost monitoring system for SC signals is presented. For comparison purposes, the SC signals are simultaneously acquired by the low-cost monitoring system and by a ProComp Infiniti desk equipment. The paper shows that, despite the simpler design and hardware limitations exhibited by the low-cost system, the collected SC signals provide the same relevant information for stimulus detection of the SC signals acquired by a much more expensive acquisition board. Specifically, the comparison is fulfilled through the ability of the low-cost monitoring system in detecting the increase of both SC baseline and peaks after stimulation.
Nutrition Education Effect on Anemia Incidence in Female Adolescents: Meta-Analysis for Future Health Post-COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rahmiwati Anita , Djokosujono Kusharisupeni , Krianto Tri , Utari Diah Mulyawati , Djuwita Ratna , Utama Feranita
Published: August 2023

Female adolescents are at a heightened risk of anemia due to inadequate iron intake and absorption, blood loss during menstruation, and an escalated need for iron to support rapid growth. This study examined the impact of nutrition education on the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls. The investigation was conducted through a systematic review and meta-analysis, employing articles from reputable sources such as Google Scholar, JAMA Network, PubMed, ScienceDirect, The New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, and ProQuest, published between 2013 and 2021. The keywords for data retrieval were"nutrition education" and "adolescent anemia girls." Furthermore, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline was used to select and organize publications for this study. Using Review Manager 5.3 Software, full-text articles meeting meta-analysis criteria were selected, resulting in 7 out of the 257 retrieved articles being included. The findings suggested that nutrition education indeed impacts the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls (p-value<0.001; aOR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.60-2.76).
Analysis of Food Cost and Food Perception with Food Waste of The Supplemental Food for School Children in Elementary School Children at Kulon Progo District
Authors: Hartika Andi Yuniarsy , Kandarina BJ Istiti , Ihwani Nur Hadi
Published: July 2023

Background: The success of the Supplemental Food for School Children program is determined  by the child's acceptance of the food provide. Objective: to analyze appropriate costs and perceptions of food with additional food leftovers for elementary school children in Kulon Progo Regency. Methods: The research design is a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted on 89 elementary school children from grade IV to grade VI in 4 elementary schools that received PMT AS in Kulon Progo District with simple random. The research instrument used a food cost calculation form, a food perception questionnaire with a smiley face, a food weighing device, a comstock scale form with a 6-point visual estimation method. Analysis of bivariate using chi square test and multivariate using logistic regression test.Results: The bivariate analysis results showed a significant relationship between the cost of food and the perception of The Supplemental Food for School Children with p = 0.002. There is a significant relationship between food perception and food waste of The Supplemental Food for School Children with p = 0.000. Finally, there is a significant relationship between food costs and food waste with p = 0.007. The results of multivariate analysis, food costs and perceptions contributed 29% to reducing food waste. Conclusion: Appropriate food costs and perceptions of preferred the food are associated with the least leftover food waste for school children.
Key words : Food Cost, Food Perception, Food Waste
Correlation of Knowledge and Attitude of Food Handlers with The Implementation of Sanitation Hygienen in Enthong Mas Catering
Authors: Rivani Shafa Kamila , Putriningtyas Natalia Desy
Published: July 2023

Background: food is a basic need every day for humans to survive on this earth. However, there are still extraordinary incidents of food poisoning caused by the application of poor hygiene and sanitation by food handlers. The Province of the Special Region of Yogyakarta ranks 11th as the province with the most cases of Extraordinary Food Poisoning (KLB KP) in Indonesia in 2021. Objective: analyze the relationship between the knowledge and attitudes of food handlers and the application of sanitary hygiene in Enthong Mas Catering. Method: quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used total sampling 22 food handlers in the kitchen of Enthong Mas Catering and the dining room of the STPN Yogyakarta dormitory. The instrument in this study was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Fisher's test. Results: food handlers who are classified as having good knowledge (59.09%) and good attitudes (54.54%) dominate more than those who do not. Based on the Fisher test, that p-value = 0.011 <0.05, which means that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and the application of sanitary hygiene. Based on the Fisher test, that p-value = 0.004 <0.05, which means that there is a significant relationship between attitudes and the application of sanitary hygiene. Conclusion: there is a significant relationship between the knowledge and attitudes of food handlers and the application of sanitary hygiene. Age, education, and working period of food handlers have no effect on the application of sanitary hygiene.
Key words : attitude, food handlers, knowledge, sanitation
Food Diversification of Female Adolescents At Rimau Islands, Sumur Village: Case Study
Authors: Wijaya Sofyan Musyabiq , Anggraini Dian Isti , Sutarto Surarto
Published: July 2023

Background: The total nutritional needs during adolescence are higher than at any other time in the life cycle. Nutrition and physical growth are integrally related; Optimal nutrition is a condition for achieving optimal growth potential. This creates an increased need for energy and other nutrients. One of the appropriate policies to be implemented in achieving food independence and anticipating the food crisis is food diversification. Food diversification is a process of food diversity or efforts to increase the consumption of various foods with the principle of balanced nutrition.  Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the diversification of protein source food in young women in the Rimau islands of South Lampung Sumur village. Method: This study used a qualitative design (cases study) using in-depth interviews. The study was conducted within 6 months with 4 respondent Results: The results of the study explained that there limitations in obtaining animal protein sources, thus affecting the diversification of protein sources. Protein sources that are often consumed are eggs and tempeh which do not require a refrigerator in food storage while fish catch hail is sold for economic needs, and is rarely consumed alone. Conclusion: The diversity of protein sources and diet influences the nutritional status of young women at Rimau Islands, Sumur Village, South Lampung.
Drainage Strategy Optimization Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Gomes Diullei M. , Lawal Isah A.
Published: July 2023

Oil production optimization is a crucial issue in the oil industry. Simulating different production scenarios effectively and quickly enables companies to automate and optimize production systems. This paper presents a study on developing intelligent agents to aid reservoir engineers in optimizing oil production. We propose a machine learning model for optimizing oil production over time by adjusting the pressure in oil reservoirs. The proposed model architecture uses three encoders (field values encoder, well values encoder, and 3D grid values encoder) to process input data. Using the encoder outputs, a dense neural network generates a policy function that determines how much pressure adjustment is required for each well in the oil field based on the probability distribution. We evaluate the proposed approach through experimentation. It is worthwhile to mention that, in our experiments, we had to discretize the reservoir well pressure adjustments to be able to compute them. Nevertheless, the results of the experiments show that our proposed model can learn how to optimize the reservoir well pressure with an Elo rating of 349.40 points after training over eleven generations. Also, the results show that the optimization process increases oil production by 1074.5% on a simulated test reservoir with two producers and one injector well, respectively. Although our experimental results reflect only the case of a simulated reservoir environment, we can see that our implementation has huge potential in a real oil reservoir field.
Improving Velocity Model Using Double Parabolic RMO Picking (ModelC) and Providing High-End RTM (RTang) Imaging for OML 79 Shallow Water, Nigeria
Authors: Osimobi J. C , Ifeanyi Ekemezie , Onwuka Obobi , Deborah Uraechu , Kanu Magnus
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we will be discussing how we solved a legacy seismic issue using pragmatic geophysics techniques- from seismic acquisition, through processing and interpretation. The legacy seismic had an inherent seismic acquisition issue as it was a streamer acquisition acquired along the geologic structural strike direction. With the legacy seismic it was difficult to mature and explore the especially the deeper opportunities in the field and not allowing for full realization of the hydrocarbon potentials in the area. To solve these pending issues, we had a campaign to acquire one of the biggest Ocean Bottom Node (OBN) seismic dataset in the entire Shell group as at the time of the acquisition, we deployed the best of seismic pre-processing (denoise, deconvolution, de-multiple, amplitude balancing etc) tools, built a robust seismic velocity model using the Double Parabolic RMO picking methodology which gave rise a detailed and geologic velocity mode. On top of this we deployed an advanced imaging technology of Revers Time Migration (RTM) and took a longer route and more expensive flavour of RTANG option to generate at optimum stack at RFLANG 0-42 degree. Furthermore, understanding and observing residual noise in the form of conflicting dips to the geologic dips of the survey, we deployed the DIP_FLT tool which took out the conflicting dips and left us with a cleaner dataset. Higher-order double parabolic moveouts were picked in azimuthal direction to account for the velocity variations in the Residual Moveout (RMO). The picks were then inverted using conventional Travel Time Tomography (TTI) workflow. This resulted in robust velocity model, shows more realistic geological details. Sonic log (DT) also indicated that Model C was an improved Model compared to Model B. The seismic imaging approach was using the Reverse Time Migration (RTM) algorithm for BASE RTMIG image and then used the RTANG (entailed Compute angle and azimuth from local subsurface-offset analysis and reflector dips, write image, angle, azimuth volumes to disk) option to select optimum REFLECTION angle for optimum stacking, and the DSSRT post migration provided a noise filtered version of the BASE RTMIG image.
Bit Balling: Causes, Effects and Mitigation Using Bunmi-01 Well in Niger Delta as a Case Study
Authors: Kehinde Sodiq Adejuwon , Ajayi Olawale I. , Akpan Unwono , Odesa David E.
Published: July 2023

Drilling operations is typically characterized by various operational challenges ranging from surface to subsurface issues. The most prevalent subsurface drilling problems include pipe sticking, lost circulation, borehole instability, bit balling, hole cleaning etc. This paper aims to analyse the causes and effects of bit balling and the mitigation strategies that can be employed in the well planning and drilling phase using Bunmi-01 well in Niger Delta as a case study. Analysis of drilling data gathered from Bunmi-01 well shows that the bit balling is more prominent at depths within the range of 3,000ft – 6,800ft, mostly in the top-hole section (17½") of the well. In the well of interest, the bit balling phenomenon was characterized by a significant drop in average ROP from 78.8ft/hr to 1.5ft/hr (with instantaneous ROP as low as 1ft/hr) and increase in standpipe pressure from 1,200psi to 1,350 psi. Mud logging data also indicated a transition in lithology from predominantly sand (Sand: 70%, Clay: 30%) to predominantly clay (Sand: 20%, Clay: 80%). A total rig time of about 16.5 hrs (NPT) was lost in tripping out of hole, breaking up and making up a new BHA and tripping in hole back to the bottom of the well. This corresponds to about $56,000 in costs incurred. As highlighted above, bit balling poses a threat to achieving desired cost savings through efficient drilling operations, hence it is necessary to put in place effective mitigation strategies both in the well planning and drilling phase to tackle its undesirable effects. This includes optimal bit selection and hydraulics, effective mud conditioning (addition of clay inhibition material – KCl polymer, glycol), proper hole cleaning practices, appropriate monitoring, and control of drilling parameters – ROP, flow rate and weight on bit (WOB) etc.
Application of ANN-Based Proxy and Metaheuristic Algorithms in Well Spacing Optimization in a Fractured Tight Reservoir
Authors: Anumah Prosper , Azadbakht Saman
Published: July 2023

Optimizing well spacing is a critical step in the development of an oilfield. Several approaches have been employed over the past decades in an attempt to obtain an efficient and cost-effective well spacing methodology. The desire to achieve a fast-paced well spacing optimization outcome is not yet realized. This study explores the use of a data-driven surrogate model and metaheuristic optimization algorithms in optimizing the well spacing in a fractured tight reservoir in Saskatchewan, Canada. The wells considered drain oil from the Viking Formation located in the Avon Hill field.

Multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network is trained to predict time-series cumulative oil and gas production. The training and testing data were obtained from the history matched numerical reservoir model of the Avon Hill field. The artificial neural network (ANN) surrogate model is then coupled with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Maximization of the net present value (NPV) is set as the objective function with well spacing, fracture conductivity, fracture half-length as the control variables. 3 well spacing optimization workflows are then developed comprising of ANN based proxy only, ANN-PSO and ANN-GA.

It is found that the use of the ANN-based proxy model enables various combinations of well spacing and fracture designs to be tested at higher computational speed compared to numerical simulation. The results also show that the PSO outperformed GA in terms of converging at a higher objective function value and at a higher convergence speed. Applying the proposed workflows to the Avon Hill field, it is found that the optimal well spacing ranges between 124 m to 132 m. This work reveals that variations in fracture geometry design significantly affects hydrocarbon recovery and economic performance of a fractured tight reservoir and these variations can be efficiently explored by the use of machine learning techniques.
Harnessing Renewable Energy (Biofuels) Potentials through Bioenergy Simulation for Economic Electricity and Heat Generation and Reduction of Net Carbon Emissions in Gombe State, Nigeria.
Authors: Dawaki A. , Abdulkadir U. , Chukwuka P. , Musa U. J. , Eme A. M.
Published: July 2023

Bioenergy is one of the various renewable options available to help satisfy global energy demands and reduce carbon imprints. This research work focuses on animal wastes and agricultural residues in Gombe State to maximize the potential for bioenergy resources. The production data for major agricultural crops output and quantity of livestock available were obtained from the Gombe State Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry. For the estimation of potential bioenergy, the International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA's geospatial tool Bioenergy Simulator was utilized. The overall projected amount of agricultural residues accessible for bioenergy, according to the research, was 2.39 million tons of residue. Based on these projections, agricultural residue has the ability to generate 7.1 million gigajoules of bioenergy. The total gross power and heat generated by these agricultural wastes are estimated to be 11.47 million GJ (3.19 MWh) and 65.71 million GJ (18.925 MWh) respectively. In the case of animal manures, it is estimated that 8.17 million GJ (2.26 MWh) and 9.98 million GJ (2.77 MWh) of total gross electricity and heat will be produced. Furthermore, by utilizing the waste's gross power generated from the wastes, the emission of approximately 702,000 tCO2e from the use of grid electricity will be avoided. The study therefore recommended that the economic viability of establishing such a bioenergy project be properly studied and that the Gombe State Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy should be promoted in order to establish a stable and consistent environment for the bioenergy sector in Gombe State.
Bonga Deepwater Project Mid-Life Abandonment Campaign – A Success Story
Authors: Ojeh-Oziegbe Osehojie , Okosun Augustine , Adubi Oladokun , Ugoh Oluwatobi , Ezenwanne Elesie , Jenakumo Timi
Published: July 2023

When oil and gas wells have been produced to the end of useful life, when the cost of production relative to the value derived converge to a point when producing the well is no longer profitable, the wells are decommissioned. Oil and gas well decommissioning and restoration refers to the process of permanently sealing and abandoning oil and gas producing reservoirs within a wellbore that are no longer productive or economical to operate, in a way that ensures safety and environmental protection in accordance with industry and local regulatory standards and requirements.

As part of this philosophy, The project strategy was to decommission and abandon depleted wells as they reach their end of useful life in accordance with Shell PLC guidelines and local regulation as specified in Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry In Nigeria (EGASPIN). The field's midlife abandonment project was a first in deep water environment in Nigeria, developed and executed to permanently abandon selected wells that have reached their end of useful life by permanently isolating the reservoirs zones that are capable of flow and restoring caprock. This was achieved by recovering the completion, production and intermediate casing strings to expose the reservoirs traversed by the wellbore, then restoring the caprock using cement plugs which were set to create a rock-to-rock isolation of all zones with flow potential within the primary wellbore. The objective was to prevent crossflow between reservoir zones, isolate the reservoirs from the environment and marine life while safeguarding all subsea infrastructure from damage arising from the well abandonment operations.

In total, thirteen wells with varying degrees of complexity were successfully decommissioned and restored without incidents or accidents. The fourteenth well had to be re-suspended due to multiple complex challenges which emerged during the abandonment campaign. The well needed to be replanned, ensuring the required equipment to execute the emerging challenges were available. As with every new project, several challenges were encountered, and new ideas were developed. These ideas include achieving better well integrity coupled with improved tubing and casing recovery practices and optimized cement plug placement will be a foundation for future deep water well abandonment in Nigeria specifically and the industry at large. The learnings from the project were adopted to generate a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for deep water well abandonment. These SOPs and all other learnings and best practices that led to the success of the mid-life abandonment campaign will be adopted in executing the end of field life abandonment for the project and will be shared on this paper.
Pressures and Pressure Derivatives of Vertical and Horizontal Wells Located Within Intersecting Sealing Fault and Constant Pressure Boundary
Authors: Ojah M. G. , Adewole E. S. , Emumena E.
Published: July 2023

The optimization of the performance of oil and gas wells (whether vertical or directional) as well as well location from external reservoir boundaries or faults has been a major concern of the reservoir engineer over the years. This work presents an accurate method for evaluating the performance of both the vertical and horizontal wells each located within an intersecting sealing/no-flow boundary and a constant-pressure boundary. The main aim of this study was to investigate the transient pressure behaviour of a vertical well as well as a horizontal well located within an intersecting sealing fault and a constant pressure boundary. The methods employed in computing the dimensionless pressures and dimensionless pressure derivatives for both well types include the method of images and principle of superposition. The computations were also made using Microsoft Excel, Python and MATLAB software. The results obtained show that for the selected parameters; 1) the models give accurate estimation of distances between active and image wells, PD and PD’, 2) at 30 hours of production, both wells completely overcome the effects of the boundaries at 2000 ft. equidistant to faults, 3) for the infinite-acting reservoir, a characteristic values of PD’ for the vertical and horizontal wells are 0.5 and 0.2 respectively, 4) for both well types, the effect of the upper boundary is greatly felt between distances of 5.00ft. and 10.00 ft., and beyond this region, the effect of the lower boundary becomes gradually felt and then, greatly felt beyond 15.00 ft. The relationship between the pressures and unequal faults distances has no maximum or minimum points, 5) the point with the least effect of either or both boundaries as well as longest transient period is point 3 (equal distance of 15.00 ft. from both boundaries). This is the point of optimal productivity, 6) for a given distance, both PD and PD’ decrease as horizontal well length L increases, 7) for all the cases considered and dimensionless time tD, both PD and PD’ decrease with increasing horizontal well length. The longer the well length, the lower the drawdown required to give same effects, as would shorter lengths, on the well performance at a given time of production thereby prolonging production over time, and 8) for a given distance, the horizontal well length has no impact on the flow periods. The type curves can be used for matching of actual pressure drawdown data and determining the drainage area and relative well location with respect to physical boundaries. Worthy of future research are similar works on; 1) anisotropic reservoir, 2) larger values of faults distances, and 3) angles other than basic angles.
Volume to Value Integrated Analysis for New Opportunity. A Case Study
Authors: Nwaokorie Chukwuemeka , Festus Ogbonna
Published: July 2023

Present investment constraints in the industry require creative thinking, analysis and improved decision-making pattern in Brown field Development, Exploration and New Frontier investments. Value driven modeling and optimization provides an integrated approach where risking, volumetric uncertainties, schedule, cost, concepts, and fiscals are covered under one umbrella providing insights into risked value. This translates to probability distributions, e.g., hydrocarbon volume, reservoir parameters and their associated value (NPV) metrics (Fig.1). The case study is an opportunity in Shallow Water offshore Nigeria.

Problem Statement

Optimal use of scarce investment resources and the need to make robust decision with end-to-end view of the risks and subsurface uncertainty impact on the project value and promised volume.

The methodology involves integration of subsurface analysis including risks/uncertainties of ten thousand (10K) realizations and stochastic surface network/Financial model analysis. These different analyses are integrated via a workflow to generate key insights in form of plots/data to enable business leaders make informed decisions having considered multiple possible realizations. These also provide insights in key drivers in an opportunity evaluation. The turnaround time is comparable to the processing of the discrete scenarios but adds much more value for the decision makers.

The results were generated with the help of spotfire tool (smart analytics tool) to give flexibility in the handling of multiple plots in 3D to enable clear view of development cut offs. Key outcomes include the plot of EUR/Well vs Field UR, Cumulative probability vs NPV (mln $), Net pay (ft) vs Porosity, Fluid contact vs Productive area, etc. Clear cut offs linking subsurface outcomes to value indicators (NPV, IRR) are established. Decisions are made quicker and with clearer perspectives especially for exploration and new frontiers opportunities
Modified Solvent-Based Mud Acid Stimulation of Condensate Gas Reservoirs: Case Study of UUU Cluster in West Niger Delta
Authors: Osode Peter , Soro Augustine , Iyama Andy , Otiede David , Olawunmi Oduyemi , Nwadiogbu Lawrence
Published: July 2023

Matrix acid stimulation has been successfully applied to remove formation damage in the high-permeability Niger Delta sandstone oil and gas reservoirs since the mid-eighties. The predominant acid treatment fluid of choice is expectedly the regular mud acid (RMA) – hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid (HCl:HF combination acid). Fluid formulation is however challenging for gas wells due condensate banking and water block development in the near-wellbore area at pressures below dew point pressure.

Candidate wells were identified for stimulation after well test data analysis and production performance evaluation. This paper focuses on selection and application of a modified solvent-based RMA to remove drilling and completion fluid-induced formation damage in addition to production-related damage in high-rate, gas-condensate wells in a cluster of western Niger Delta fields.

A low-strength alcoholic mud acid was selected primarily based on bottomhole temperature (< 220 °F), formation mineralogy – over 70% quartz with low clay content (< 5%) for the high-permeability hydrocarbon formations. The alcohol-based solvent – methanol was included in all stage treatment fluids (preflush, main treatment and overflush) for condensate bank removal and improved well production performance. Treatment fluid injection and soak treatment was applied at minimum threshold of 100 gallons per foot across the perforations using coil tubing.

The results indicated improved well-inflow performance for the old gas-condensate compared to the newly completed well after adequate clean up. Average production gain realised in the aged wells was over 50%. This paper has confirmed the applicability of this modified RMA for near-wellbore formation damage removal without increasing the producing water gas ratio (WGR) in gas wells.
Darcy-Forchheimer's Model: Application in Hydraulic Fracturing Design and Optimisation.
Authors: Hart A. F. , Omobolanle O. C.
Published: July 2023

Hydraulic fracturing is a proven stimulation technique for enhancing production and maximizing recovery from tight and unconventional reservoirs. The treatment improves the effective conductivity, enhances production and economic recovery of the reserves. This paper investigates the impact of in-situ closure pressure and bottom-hole temperature on the effective permeability of proppant-pack and inertial flow coefficient. Core samples from a sandstone formation were analyzed in this experiment; the samples were subjected to closure pressures between 1,000–10,000psi at 100°F–200°F. The corresponding proppant-pack permeabilities were measured across the core while the inertia flow co-efficient values were calculated with the Darcy-Forchheimer's model. The results show that the effective proppant-pack permeability reduces with increasing in-situ closure pressure and inertial flow coefficient.
Remedial Sand Control Using Chemical Sand Consolidation, A Field Experience
Authors: Stephen Babagbemi Adetoye , Mofunlewi Samuel , Williams Chad
Published: July 2023

Weak and loose sand grains that make up oil and gas formation matrix can be strengthened by chemical bonding while still maintaining the desired permeability for optimum production. This case study involves a well with high sand production rate that led to surface equipment failure and eventual shut down of an entire flow station for months. This paper discusses the application and results of the deployment of a chemical sand consolidation fluid system on the candidate well. The process involves mixing and squeezing the system into the formation and allow it to set. Once cured, the system forms an artificial core with a high compressive strength and permeability thereby preventing the well from producing sand. The system is externally catalyzed with two major additives in the mix that work in synergy to enhance wettability of the formation materials and to increase unconfined compressive strength of unconsolidated sand. In selecting a candidate well, formation data including bottom hole temperature and pressure, interval length, permeability, porosity and mineralogy were carefully studied and analyzed to build a geo-mechanical model that predicts minimum unconfined compressive strength (UCS) for sand sand-free production. Laboratory model and sanding assessment were carried out by developing cores using actual well formation materials. The fluid system was prepared and flown through cylindrical cores in the laboratory under reservoir conditions. Actual field deployment was carried out using coiled tubing. The well was shut-in for 24hrs after treatment and opened up for sand free production. Post treatment analysis of the surface cores made during deployment yielded a UCS of 789Psi and permeability to brine that stabilized at 1963mD.
Offline Production Tree Installation: Key Decisions, Value Drivers and Lessons Learnt
Authors: Elendu C. , Bajomo V. M. , Enuneku N. , Nwamara N. J.
Published: July 2023

After successfully drilling and completing 40 wells with 5000 psi rated production trees in the swamp operation within a 5-year campaign the diverter deck on the Swamp Rig barge never posed a challenge until 6650 psi production tree had to be installed on two non-associated gas wells. The Field Development Plan (FDP) was approved in 2013 and it contained a 2-well (NAG-1A and NAG-2A) development plan for the target reservoirs with estimated recovery of 213 BCF of rich gas and 4.6 MMSTB of pool condensate at initial production rates of 35 MMSCFD and 1,380 BCPD each for both wells.

Gas production from these wells will bulk flow to the NAG separator located at the Production Flow Station where the pool condensate will be separated from it. The rich gas will subsequently be transported to the gas plant onshore bypass for supply to the domestic market through the ELPS.

NAG-1A and NAG-2A wells are part of the Non-Associated Gas (NAG) development and were completed as single string deviated gas producers with HRWP completions to meet target production rates and reserve recovery.

After successfully drilling and completing the NAG-1A well, it was later discovered that the diverter deck of the rig was going to impact the 6650 psi production tree while moving the rig onto the NAG-2A well slot on the same jacket.

This paper sets out to give an overview of the planning, risks assessment and execution for using a crane barge to successfully install two 6650 psi production trees on two NAG wells incidents free, after the drilling rig departed location due to the diverter deck limitation. Lessons learned and best practices were captured as well as the resultant cost savings from using the crane barge instead of the rig to install the production trees on the two NAG wells.

The total number of days to complete the offline XMT installation using a crane barge was 5 days for both wells while working daylight hours only. This resulted in a cost savings of 154,200 USD per well.
A Production-Allocation Method for Two-Zone Downhole Commingling in Semi-Intelligent Oil Wells
Authors: Olabimtan D. , Lawal K. A. , Owolabi S. , Mumuni O. T. , Omion O. O. , Jimkuta M. , Dimari A. M. , Okeke H. C. , Obinna-Ewuzie U. , Mmata B. , Onyekonwu M.
Published: July 2023

Downhole commingling is a production-optimization method for producing multiple reservoirs (zones) via a single wellbore. It offers cheap exploitation of small reservoirs that would have remained stranded for uneconomic offtake rates and recovery. Although this method reduces development costs and environmental footprints, production allocation is a concern, especially in the absence of intelligent completion. Here, an intelligent commingling employs active inflow control valves (ICV) across individual zones. Nevertheless, this ideal scenario of full intelligence is not always available in practice. Considering the opportunities and challenges of stranded hydrocarbon resources amid tightening global energy supply and drive for cleaner fuel, this paper considers semi-intelligent commingled production (SICP) as an enabler for production acceleration. An SICP has a permanent downhole gauge for real-time pressure and temperature measurements but, unlike its intelligent counterpart, SICP lacks ICVs for zonal surveillance and control. We develop a fit-for-purpose method and workflow for back-allocation in a two-zone SICP. It is a semi-empirical approach premised on pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) characterization. Different mixing proportions of fluid samples from target contributing zones are baselined in terms of compositions and aggregate properties. These same properties of commingled stream are monitored over time to back-allocate produced gas, oil and water phases. Unlike production logging and conventional fingerprinting that require frequent well re-entry and large spectrum of fluid components respectively, our method is cheap and minimizes well re-entry and its associated risks. Specifically, we exploit C1, C7+, and salinity (Cl−) as markers to uniquely characterize the gas, oil and water phases of individual zones, respectively. Given the challenges posed by highly biodegraded oil reservoirs and reservoirs with similar PVT properties, we propose augmenting our back-allocation method with the use of biomarkers from saturate and aromatic fractions of the oil in such cases.