bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Effects of Kaolin and Silicon Nanoparticles for Ameliorating Deficit Irrigation Stress in Maize Plants by Upregulating Antioxidant Defense Systems
Authors: Al-Mokadem Alshymaa Z. , Sheta Mohamed H. , Mancy Ahmed G. , Hussein Hebat-Allah A. , Kenawy Sahar K. M. , Sofy Ahmed R. , Abu-Shahba Mahmoud S. , Mahdy Hesham M. , Sofy Mahmoud R. , Al Bakry Alaa Fathy , Agha Mona S.
Published: June 2023

Water deficit is a significant environmental stress that has a negative impact on plant growth and yield. In this research, the positive significance of kaolin and SiO2 nanoparticles in moderating the detrimental effects of water deficit on maize plant growth and yield is investigated. The foliar application of kaolin (3 and 6%) and SiO2 NPs (1.5 and 3 mM) solutions increased the growth and yield variables of maize plants grown under normal conditions (100% available water) and drought stress conditions (80 and 60% available water (AW)). In addition, plants treated with SiO2 NPs (3 mM) demonstrated increased levels of important osmolytes, such as proline and phenol, and maintained more of their photosynthetic pigments (net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (E)) than with other applied treatments under either stress or non-stress conditions. Furthermore, the exogenous foliar application of kaolin and SiO2 NPs also reduced the amounts of hydroxyl radicals (OH), superoxide anions (O2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and lipid peroxidation in maize plants experiencing a water deficit. In contrast, the treatments led to an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GR), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Overall, our findings indicate the beneficial impact of the application of kaolin and silicon NPs, particularly the impact of SiO2 NPs (3 mM) on managing the negative, harmful impacts of soil water deficit stress in maize plants.
LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Common Commercial Mushrooms and Their Potential Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Chu Minghang , Khan Rana Dildar , Zhou Ying , Agar Osman Tuncay , Barrow Colin J. , Dunshea Frank R. , Suleria Hafiz A. R.
Published: June 2023

Mushrooms have a long history of use as food and medicine. They are rich in various nutrients and bioactive compounds, particularly phenolic compounds. In this study, ten mushroom species were selected, and solvent extraction using 80% ethanol was used to extract phenolic compounds. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total condensed tannin content (TCT) were measured to evaluate phenolic content in different mushroom varieties. In the mushroom varieties tested, brown portobello mushroom had the highest TPC (396.78 ± 3.12 µg GAE/g), white cup mushroom exhibited the highest TFC (275.17 ± 9.40 μg CE/g), and shiitake mushroom presented the highest TCT (13.80 ± 0.21 µg QE/g). Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2′-azino-bis-3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. The highest DPPH free radical scavenging ability was found in white cup mushroom (730.14 ± 55.06 µg AAE/g), while the greatest iron-reducing ability (FRAP) was recorded for shiitake mushroom (165.32 ± 10.21 μg AAE/g). Additionally, Swiss brown mushroom showed the highest ABTS antioxidant capacity (321.31 ± 5.7 μg AAE/g), and the maximum TAC value was found in shiitake mushroom (24.52 ± 1.2 μg AAE/g). These results highlight that most of the mushroom varieties studied showed high phenolic contents and demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with shiitake mushrooms standing out due to their high TCT and FRAP values, and the highest TAC value among the varieties studied. In addition, LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS was used to characterize the mushroom samples, and tentatively identified a total of 22 phenolic compounds, including 11 flavonoids, 4 lignans, 3 phenolic acids, 2 stilbenes and 2 other phenolic compounds in all mushroom samples. The research results of this study showed that mushrooms are a good source of phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant potential. The results can provide a scientific basis for the development of mushroom extracts in functional food, health products, and other industries.
COBOT Applications—Recent Advances and Challenges
Authors: Taesi Claudio , Aggogeri Francesco , Pellegrini Nicola
Published: June 2023

This study provides a structured literature review of the recent COllaborative roBOT (COBOT) applications in industrial and service contexts. Several papers and research studies were selected and analyzed, observing the collaborative robot interactions, the control technologies and the market impact. This review focuses on stationary COBOTs that may guarantee flexible applications, resource efficiency, and worker safety from a fixed location. COBOTs offer new opportunities to develop and integrate control techniques, environmental recognition of time-variant object location, and user-friendly programming to interact safely with humans. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning systems enable and boost the COBOT’s ability to perceive its surroundings. A deep analysis of different applications of COBOTs and their properties, from industrial assembly, material handling, service personal assistance, security and inspection, Medicare, and supernumerary tasks, was carried out. Among the observations, the analysis outlined the importance and the dependencies of the control interfaces, the intention recognition, the programming techniques, and virtual reality solutions. A market analysis of 195 models was developed, focusing on the physical characteristics and key features to demonstrate the relevance and growing interest in this field, highlighting the potential of COBOT adoption based on (i) degrees of freedom, (ii) reach and payload, (iii) accuracy, and (iv) energy consumption vs. tool center point velocity. Finally, a discussion on the advantages and limits is summarized, considering anthropomorphic robot applications for further investigations.
Variable Damping Actuator Using an Electromagnetic Brake for Impedance Modulation in Physical Human–Robot Interaction
Authors: Ullah Zahid , Chaichaowarat Ronnapee , Wannasuphoprasit Witaya
Published: June 2023

Compliance actuation systems are efficient and safe, drawing attention to their development. However, compliance has caused bandwidth loss, instability, and mechanical vibration in robotic systems. Variable physical damping was introduced to address these issues. This paper presents a technique for obtaining variable damping properties using an electromagnetic brake. The relationship mapping of the voltage and the braking torque is studied and applied to the variable damping concept. A new model is proposed to demonstrate the actuation system performance gained by introducing physical damping. The experimental setup comprises an electromagnetic brake and a motor with an integrated controller for speed control and torque feedback. The motor provides the motion, while the electromagnetic brake replicates the damping through a friction mechanism. The variable damping concept was evaluated experimentally using a 1-degree-of-freedom rotational system. Experimental results show that the proposed concept can generate the desired mechanical damping with a high degree of fidelity.
A Marine Small-Targets Classification Algorithm Based on Improved Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Guo Huinan , Ren Long
Published: June 2023

Deep learning, especially convolutional neural network (CNN) techniques, has been shown to have superior performance in ship classification, as have small-target recognition studies in safety inspections of hydraulic structures such as ports and dams. High-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR)-based maritime ship classification plays an increasingly important role in marine surveillance, marine rescue, and maritime ship management. To improve ship classification accuracy and training efficiency, we proposed a CNN-based ship classification method. Firstly, the image characteristics of different ship structures and the materials of ship SAR images were analyzed. We then constructed a ship SAR image dataset and performed preprocessing operations such as averaging. Combined with a classic neural network structure, we created a new convolutional module, namely, the Inception-Residual Controller (IRC) module. A convolutional neural network was built based on the IRC module to extract image features and establish a ship classification model. Finally, we conducted simulation experiments for ship classification and analyzed the experimental results for comparison. The experimental results showed that the average accuracy of ship classification of the model in this paper reached 98.71%, which was approximately 3% more accurate than the traditional network model and approximately 1% more accurate compared with other recently improved models. The new module also performed well in evaluation metrics, such as the recall rate, with accurate classifications. The model could satisfactorily describe different ship types. Therefore, it could be applied to marine ship classification management with the possibility of being extended to hydraulic building target recognition tasks.
Evaluation of a Commercial Electronic Nose Based on Carbon Nanotube Chemiresistors
Authors: Peters Ruud , Beijer Niels , ‘t Hul Bauke van , Bruijns Brigitte , Munniks Sandra , Knotter Jaap
Published: June 2023

Recently a hand-held, carbon-nanotube-based electronic nose became available on the market. Such an electronic nose could be interesting for applications in the food industry, health monitoring, environmental monitoring, and security services. However, not much is known about the performance of such an electronic nose. In a series of measurements, the instrument was exposed to low ppm vapor concentrations of four volatile organic compounds with different scent profiles and polarities. Detection limits, linearity of response, repeatability, reproducibility, and scent patterns were determined. The results indicate detection limits in the range of 0.1–0.5 ppm and a linear signal response in the range of 0.5–8.0 ppm. The repeatability of the scent patterns at compound concentrations of 2 ppm allowed the identification of the tested volatiles based on their scent pattern. However, the reproducibility was not sufficient, since different scent profiles were produced on different measurement days. In addition, it was noted that the response of the instrument diminished over time (over several months) possibly by sensor poisoning. The latter two aspects limit the use of the current instrument and make future improvements necessary.
Advanced Video-Based Processing for Low-Cost Damage Assessment of Buildings under Seismic Loading in Shaking Table Tests
Authors: Cataldo Antonino , Roselli Ivan , Fioriti Vincenzo , Saitta Fernando , Colucci Alessandro , Tatì Angelo , Ponzo Felice Carlo , Ditommaso Rocco , Mennuti Canio , Marzani Alessandro
Published: June 2023

This paper explores the potential of a low-cost, advanced video-based technique for the assessment of structural damage to buildings caused by seismic loading. A low-cost, high-speed video camera was utilized for the motion magnification processing of footage of a two-story reinforced-concrete frame building subjected to shaking table tests. The damage after seismic loading was estimated by analyzing the dynamic behavior (i.e., modal parameters) and the structural deformations of the building in magnified videos. The results using the motion magnification procedure were compared for validation of the method of the damage assessment obtained through analyses of conventional accelerometric sensors and high-precision optical markers tracked using a passive 3D motion capture system. In addition, 3D laser scanning to obtain an accurate survey of the building geometry before and after the seismic tests was carried out. In particular, accelerometric recordings were also processed and analyzed using several stationary and nonstationary signal processing techniques with the aim of analyzing the linear behavior of the undamaged structure and the nonlinear structural behavior during damaging shaking table tests. The proposed procedure based on the analysis of magnified videos provided an accurate estimate of the main modal frequency and the damage location through the analysis of the modal shapes, which were confirmed using advanced analyses of the accelerometric data. Consequently, the main novelty of the study was the highlighting of a simple procedure with high potential for the extraction and analysis of modal parameters, with a special focus on the analysis of the modal shape’s curvature, which provides accurate information on the location of the damage in a structure, while using a noncontact and low-cost method.
Leader-Based Flocking of Multiple Swarm Robots in Underwater Environments
Authors: Kim Jonghoek
Published: June 2023

Considering underwater environments, this paper tackles flocking of multiple swarm robots utilizing one leader. The mission of swarm robots is to reach their goal while not colliding with a priori unknown 3D obstacles. In addition, the communication link among the robots needs to be preserved during the maneuver. Only the leader has sensors for localizing itself while accessing the global goal position. Every robot, except for the leader, can measure the relative position and the ID of its neighboring robots by utilizing proximity sensors such as Ultra-Short BaseLine acoustic positioning (USBL) sensors. Under the proposed flocking controls, multiple robots flock inside a 3D virtual sphere while preserving communication connectivity with the leader. If necessary, all robots rendezvous at the leader to increase connectivity among the robots. The leader herds all robots to reach the goal safely, while the network connectivity is maintained in cluttered underwater environments. To the best of our knowledge, our article is novel in developing underwater flocking controls utilizing one leader, so that a swarm of robots can safely flock to the goal in a priori unknown cluttered environments. MATLAB simulations were utilized to validate the proposed flocking controls in underwater environments with many obstacles.
Recent Progress of Atomic Magnetometers for Geomagnetic Applications
Authors: Lu Yuantian , Zhao Tian , Zhu Wanhua , Liu Leisong , Zhuang Xin , Fang Guangyou , Zhang Xiaojuan
Published: June 2023

The atomic magnetometer is currently one of the most-sensitive sensors and plays an important role in applications for detecting weak magnetic fields. This review reports the recent progress of total-field atomic magnetometers that are one important ramification of such magnetometers, which can reach the technical level for engineering applications. The alkali-metal magnetometers, helium magnetometers, and coherent population-trapping magnetometers are included in this review. Besides, the technology trend of atomic magnetometers was analyzed for the purpose of providing a certain reference for developing the technologies in such magnetometers and for exploring their applications.
IoT-Based Emergency Vehicle Services in Intelligent Transportation System
Authors: Chowdhury Abdullahi , Kaisar Shahriar , Khoda Mahbub E. , Naha Ranesh , Khoshkholghi Mohammad Ali , Aiash Mahdi
Published: June 2023

Emergency Management System (EMS) is an important component of Intelligent transportation systems, and its primary objective is to send Emergency Vehicles (EVs) to the location of a reported incident. However, the increasing traffic in urban areas, especially during peak hours, results in the delayed arrival of EVs in many cases, which ultimately leads to higher fatality rates, increased property damage, and higher road congestion. Existing literature addressed this issue by giving higher priority to EVs while traveling to an incident place by changing traffic signals (e.g., making the signals green) on their travel path. A few works have also attempted to find the best route for an EV using traffic information (e.g., number of vehicles, flow rate, and clearance time) at the beginning of the journey. However, these works did not consider congestion or disruption faced by other non-emergency vehicles adjacent to the EV travel path. The selected travel paths are also static and do not consider changing traffic parameters while EVs are en route. To address these issues, this article proposes an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) guided priority-based incident management system to assist EVs in obtaining a better clearance time in intersections and thus achieve a lower response time. The proposed model also considers disruption faced by other surrounding non-emergency vehicles adjacent to the EVs’ travel path and selects an optimal solution by controlling the traffic signal phase time to ensure that EVs can reach the incident place on time while causing minimal disruption to other on-road vehicles. Simulation results indicate that the proposed model achieves an 8% lower response time for EVs while the clearance time surrounding the incident place is improved by 12%.
Unsupervised Monocular Depth and Camera Pose Estimation with Multiple Masks and Geometric Consistency Constraints
Authors: Zhang Xudong , Zhao Baigan , Yao Jiannan , Wu Guoqing
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a novel unsupervised learning framework for estimating scene depth and camera pose from video sequences, fundamental to many high-level tasks such as 3D reconstruction, visual navigation, and augmented reality. Although existing unsupervised methods have achieved promising results, their performance suffers in challenging scenes such as those with dynamic objects and occluded regions. As a result, multiple mask technologies and geometric consistency constraints are adopted in this research to mitigate their negative impacts. Firstly, multiple mask technologies are used to identify numerous outliers in the scene, which are excluded from the loss computation. In addition, the identified outliers are employed as a supervised signal to train a mask estimation network. The estimated mask is then utilized to preprocess the input to the pose estimation network, mitigating the potential adverse effects of challenging scenes on pose estimation. Furthermore, we propose geometric consistency constraints to reduce the sensitivity of illumination changes, which act as additional supervised signals to train the network. Experimental results on the KITTI dataset demonstrate that our proposed strategies can effectively enhance the model’s performance, outperforming other unsupervised methods.
Inhibition of Histone H3K18 Acetylation-Dependent Antioxidant Pathways Involved in Arsenic-Induced Liver Injury in Rats and the Protective Effect of Rosa roxburghii Tratt Juice
Authors: Ma Lu , Hou Teng , Zhu Kai , Zhang Aihua
Published: June 2023

Arsenic is a common environmental toxicant. Long-term arsenic exposure can induce various types of liver injury, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear, so effective prevention and treatment measures are unknown. This study aims to explore the mechanism of arsenic-induced rat liver injury based on the histone H3K18 acetylation-dependent antioxidant pathway and to identify the role of a medicinal and edible resource, Rosa roxburghii Tratt juice, in combating it. Hepatic steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in rats exposed to different doses of NaAsO2 using histopathological measurement. Increased 8-OHdG and MDA in liver tissue corroborated hepatic oxidative damage. We further found that a reduction in H3K18ac in the liver showed a dose–response relationship, with an increase in the NaAsO2 treatment dose, and it was remarkably associated with increased 8-OHdG and MDA. The results of ChIP-qPCR identified that the decreased enrichment of H3K18ac in promoters of the Hspa1a and Hspb8 genes culminated in the inhibition of the genes’ expression, which was found to be involved in the aggravation of hepatic oxidative damage induced by arsenic. Notably, Rosa roxburghii Tratt juice was found to reduce 8-OHdG and MDA in the liver, thereby alleviating the histopathological lesions induced by arsenic, which was modulated by recovering the H3K18ac-dependent transcriptional activation of the Hspa1a and Hspb8 genes. Taken together, we provide a novel epigenetics insight into clarifying the mechanism of arsenic-induced liver injury and its rescue by Rosa roxburghii Tratt juice.
Fatalities Involving Khat in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, 2018 to 2021
Authors: Shaikhain Ghassan , Gaballah Mohammed , Alhazmi Ahmad , Khardali Ibrahim , Hakami Ahmad , Oraiby Magbool , Alharbi Sultan , Tobaigi Mohammad , Ghalibi Mohammed , Fageeh Mohsen , Albeishy Mohammed , Attafi Ibraheem
Published: June 2023

Interpreting fatalities involving khat is challenging due to a lack of data on cathinone and cathine reference concentrations in postmortem tissues. This study investigated the autopsy findings and toxicological results of fatalities involving khat in Saudi Arabia’s Jazan region from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2021. All confirmed cathine and cathinone results in postmortem blood, urine, brain, liver, kidney, and stomach samples were recorded and analyzed. Autopsy findings and the manner and cause of death of the deceased were assessed. Saudi Arabia’s Forensic Medicine Center investigated 651 fatality cases over four years. Thirty postmortem samples were positive for khat’s active constituents, cathinone and cathine. The percentage of fatalities involving khat was 3% in 2018 and 2019 and increased from 4% in 2020 to 9% in 2021, when compared with all fatal cases. They were all males ranging in age from 23 to 45. Firearm injuries (10 cases), hanging (7 cases), road traffic accident (2 cases), head injury (2 cases), stab wounds (2 cases), poisoning (2 cases), unknown (2 cases), ischemic heart disease (1 case), brain tumor (1 case), and choking (1 case) were responsible for the deaths. In total, 57% of the postmortem samples tested positive for khat only, while 43% tested positive for khat with other drugs. Amphetamine is the drug most frequently involved. The average cathinone and cathine concentrations were 85 and 486 ng/mL in the blood, 69 and 682 ng/mL in the brain, 64 and 635 ng/mL in the liver, and 43 and 758 ng/mL in the kidneys, respectively. The 10th–90th percentiles of blood concentrations of cathinone and cathine were 18–218 ng/mL and 222–843 ng/mL, respectively. These findings show that 90% of fatalities involving khat had cathinone concentrations greater than 18 ng/mL and cathine concentrations greater than 222 ng/mL. According to the cause of death, homicide was the most common fatality involving khat alone (77%). More research is required, especially toxicological and autopsy findings, to determine the involvement of khat in crimes and fatalities. This study may help forensic scientists and toxicologists investigate fatalities involving khat.
Patient enablement and health-related quality of life for patients with chronic back and knee pain: a cross-sectional study in primary care
Authors: Ng Amy Pui Pui , Cheng John King Yiu , Lam Joyce Sau Mei , Wong Carlos King Ho , Cheng Will Ho Gi , Tse Emily Tsui Yee , Chao David Vai Kiong , Choi Edmond Pui Hang , Wong Rosa Sze Man , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen
Published: June 2023

Background

Chronic back and knee pain impairs health- related quality of life (HRQoL) and patient enablement can improve HRQoL.

Aim

To determine whether enablement was a moderator of the effect of chronic back and knee pain on HRQoL.

Design and setting

A cross-sectional study of Chinese patients with chronic back and knee problems in public primary care clinics in Hong Kong.

Method

Each participant completed the Chinese Patient Enablement Instrument-2 (PEI-2), the Chinese Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the Pain Rating Scale (PRS). Multivariable regression examined the effects of PRS score and PEI-2 score on WOMAC total score. A moderation regression model and simple slope analysis were used to evaluate whether the interaction between enablement (PEI-2) and pain (PRS) had a significant effect on HRQoL (WOMAC).

Results

Valid patient-reported outcome data from 1306 participants were analysed. PRS score was associated with WOMAC total score (β = 0.326,P<0.001), whereas PEI-2 score was associated inversely with WOMAC total score (β = −0.260,P<0.001) and PRS score. The effect of the interaction between PRS and PEI-2 (PRS × PEI-2) scores on WOMAC total score was significant (β = −0.191,P<0.001) suggesting PEI-2 was a moderator. Simple slope analyses showed that the relationship between PRS and WOMAC was stronger for participants with a low level of PEI-2 (gradient 3.056) than for those with a high level of PEI-2 (gradient 1.746).

Conclusion

Patient enablement moderated the impact of pain on HRQoL. A higher level of enablement can lessen impairment in HRQoL associated with chronic back and knee pain.
Essai de recherche des objectifs macroéconomiques. Application de l'analyse factorielle
Authors: Echard Jean-François
Published: June 2023

The induction of economic laws from direct analysis of facts implies that a specific methodological problem has to be tackled with. The search of regularities requires the use of adequate typological methods : factor analysis is the one we have selected to exhibit the « revealed » goals of macroeco- nomic activity.

After a survey focused on implicit hypotheses and the rationality of the factorial method, we give the issues of the research of the goals in the French case, and we suggest possible developments concerning the causal analysis of observed phenomena.
La planification de l'éducation en France : une critique
Authors: Jallade Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2023

Cet article présente une évaluation critique de la planification de l'éducation en France telle qu'elle a été pratiquée à l'occasion du Ve Plan. Les trois grands aspects de cette planification sont successivement analysés, à savoir (i) la détermination des besoins en main-d'œuvre qualifiée, (ii) le développement de l'offre de qualifications par le système d'enseignement, et (iii) la confrontation entre besoins et ressources en personnel qualifié. Il est montré que les hypothèses adoptées en ce qui concerne la prévision des besoins sont mal adaptées à la situation française et surtout sont impuissantes à remplacer certaines données statistiques inexistantes et pourtant indispensables à ce genre d'exercice. Quant au développement du système d'enseignement, les calculs de la Commission de l'Equipement scolaire, effectués en termes de stocks et non de flux, ne peuvent apporter que des enseignements marginaux sur le déroulement des carrières scolaires ou sur le rendement interne du système d'enseignement. Dans ces conditions, la mission de l'Intergroupe Formation - Promotion professionnelles, qui était de veiller à l'équilibre entre besoins et ressources, ne pouvait être que purement formelle. L'article se termine enfin par quelques suggestions visant à donner à l'effort de planification de l'éducation en France les dimensions qui devraient être les siennes.
Scaling Community Health Coalitions: The Well Connected Communities Pilot Initiative
Authors: Sulzer Sandra , MacArthur Stacey , Garcia Zurishaddai , Jensen Christine , Prevedel Suzanne , Voss Maren
Published: June 2023

We outline the process and development of the Well Connected Communities health initiative as undertaken in three Utah communities. This transformative community-focused alternative to addressing public health issues through Extension situates local communities as the origin for health decision making. The initiative recognizes the need for varied community statuses (i.e., planner, implementer, and innovator) based on varying levels of readiness and diversity of populations. We concluded that the Utah Well Connected Communities initiative aligns well with the 2014 Extension Committee on Organization and Policy National Framework for Health and Wellness. Replication requirements and implications for other Extension programs are presented.
Evaluation of Juntos 4-H: A Wraparound Program Helping Latinx High Schoolers Succeed
Authors: Behnke Andrew , Urieta Diana , Duan Siyu , Lewis Zach
Published: June 2023

Preprogram and postprogram surveys of 241 Latinx 4-H youths from five counties in North Carolina provided a snapshot of their experiences in the Juntos 4-H program. The study findings demonstrate that Juntos 4-H has positive impacts on academics, college readiness, parent engagement, and community engagement. Suggestions are made to help Extension professionals elsewhere develop effective programs for Latinx youths.
Recovery and confirmation of Haemonchus contortus from abomasal contents of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Eastern-Hungary (Biharugra): A diagnostic case study
Authors: Khangembam Rojesh , Tóth Mariann , Gulyas Gabriella , Czeglédi Levente , Vass Nóra
Published: June 2023

Gastrointestinal parasites are ubiquitous. They occur both in wild and domesticated animals. Among such parasites of veterinary importance is the trichostrongyle worms, out of which the Haemonchus contortus species is regarded as the most pathogenic one in the small ruminant industry. The occurrence of this parasite in the sheep flock is now very well documented and an established fact in Europe, although the parasite was original of the warmer climatic region. Studies on the cross-transmission of H. contortus between the wild and domesticated animals are also on the rise although the question of the direction of transmission is still debated. This is an important area that needs to be addressed as it could potentially contribute indirectly to mitigating anthelmintic resistance. Hungary also has reported its share of the occurrence of the parasite, mainly in the sheep flock and a certain population of roe deer. The study presented here is the preliminary results of a diagnostic case study that confirms the presence of H. contortus in wild ruminant deer species that are close to the domesticated sheep population.
Heat stress of cattle from embryonic phase until culling
Authors: Baccouri Wissem , Mikó Edit , Komlósi István
Published: June 2023

Heat stress becomes a serious problem in the livestock sector as it affects cows' performance negatively. The objective of this paper review is to investigate the effects of heat stress during the different phases of the life cycle of cows; embryos, calves, heifers, and cows. Heat stress during early maternal gestation affects the ability of embryos to develop increasing the risk of abortion and early embryonic death. Heat stress during late maternal gestation affects the performance of calves and heifers later in their life, as it reduces growth performance, conducts physiological changes, impaired immunity, changes the behavior, and reduces the length and intensity of the estrus in heifers with decreasing in milk production in the first lactation. On the level of cows, milk quality and production, meat quality, and the final body weight decrease under hot temperatures. Heat stress decreases the conception rate, alters follicle growth, and estrous symptoms. Hormones secretion and physiological changes because of the heat stress conduct to impair the immunity system, and in oxidative stress and death in some cases. Same as for calves and heifers a change in the behavior of cows was detected in order to decrease their temperature.
Organic soybean production in Hungary
Authors: Hunyadi Borbélyné Éva , Drexler Dóra , Berényi Üveges Judit , Szigeti Nóra , Fejes Tóth Péter , Ladányi Márta
Published: June 2023

Organic soy production, particularly for feedstuff in organic animal husbandry, is needed in Hungary and the EU regions. Soybean producing crop area in Hungary has increased in the last years, however, the agroecological potential would allow for a larger soybean production area. This study presents the soybean market in Hungary, and the role of soybeans in protein supply in food and feed, summarising the critical elements of organic soybean production from variety selection to marketing. During the field research, the effects of the agronomical environment on yield potential factors were examined. We aimed to determine how different row spacing and tillage systems affect organic soybean yields of different varieties, with particular attention to the dry region, and determine the specific methods and varieties of soybean that favour these areas. We found that the tillage (plough/grubber), the spacing (wide/narrow), and the variety effects were all significant on morphological variables. The most remarkable difference was seen in plant height and the number of pods per plant, while the number of nodes was also highly impacted by tillage treatment and variety. The nutrition variables were significantly different, mainly as an effect of tillage and spacing interaction with significantly different plant responses of varieties.
Unconventional Integrated Photonic Accelerators for High-Throughput Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Tsirigotis Aris , Sarantoglou George , Skontranis Menelaos , Deligiannidis Stavros , Sozos Kostas , Tsilikas Giannis , Dermanis Dimitris , Bogris Adonis , Mesaritakis Charis
Published: June 2023

We provide an overview of the rapidly evolving landscape of integrated photonic neuromorphic architectures, specifically targeting the implementation of convolutional neural networks. The exploding research momentum stems from the well-known advantages of photonic circuits compared to digital electronics, and at the same time, it is driven by the massive need for cognitive image/video processing. In this context, we provide a detailed literature review on photonic cores operating as convolutional neural networks, covering either the functionality of a conventional neural network or its spiking counterpart. Moreover, we propose 2 alternative photonic approaches that refrain from simply transferring neural network concepts directly into the optical domain; instead, they focus on fusing photonic, digital electronic, and event-based bioinspired processing to optimally exploit the virtues of each scheme. These approaches can offer beyond state-of-the-art performance while relying on realistic, scalable technology. The first approach is based on a photonic integrated platform and a bioinspired spectrum-slicing technique. The photonic chip allows feature extraction through optical filtering with low power consumption and an equivalent computational efficiency of 72 femtojoules per multiply-and-accumulate operation for 5-bit precision. When combined with typical digital neural networks, an almost 5-fold reduction in the number of parameters was achieved with a minor loss of accuracy compared to established convolutional neural networks. The second approach follows a bioisomorphic route in which miniaturized spiking laser neurons and unsupervised bioinspired training are unified in a deep architecture, revealing a noise-resilient and power-efficient proposition.
Pathological BBB Crossing Melanin-Like Nanoparticles as Metal-Ion Chelators and Neuroinflammation Regulators against Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Huang Qianqian , Jiang Chaoqing , Xia Xue , Wang Yufan , Yan Chenxing , Wang Xiaorong , Lei Ting , Yang Xiaotong , Yang Wenqin , Cheng Guo , Gao Huile
Published: June 2023

Inflammatory responses, manifested in excessive oxidative stress and microglia overactivation, together with metal ion-triggered amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, are critical hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The intricate pathogenesis causes severe impairment of neurons, which, in turn, exacerbates Aβ aggregation and facilitates AD progression. Herein, multifunctional melanin-like metal ion chelators and neuroinflammation regulators (named PDA@K) were constructed for targeted treatment of AD. In this platform, intrinsically bioactive material polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA) with potent metal ion chelating and ROS scavenging effects were decorated with the KLVFF peptide, endowing the system with the capacity of enhanced pathological blood–brain barrier (BBB) crossing and lesion site accumulation via Aβ hitchhiking. In vitro and in vivo experiment revealed that PDA@K had high affinity toward Aβ and were able to hitch a ride on Aβ to achieve increased pathological BBB crossing. The engineered PDA@K effectively mitigated Aβ aggregate and alleviated neuroinflammation. The modulated inflammatory microenvironment by PDA@K promoted microglial polarization toward the M2-like phenotype, which restored their critical functions for neuron care and plaque removal. After 3-week treatment of PDA@K, spatial learning and memory deficit as well as neurologic changes of FAD
4T
transgenic mice were largely rescued. Transcriptomics analysis further revealed the therapeutic mechanism of PDA@K. Our study provided an appealing paradigm for directly utilizing intrinsic properties of nanomaterials as therapeutics for AD instead of just using them as nanocarriers, which largely widen the application of nanomaterials in AD therapy.
Analisis Peran Sektor Pertambangan dalam Pembangunan Regional Berkelanjutan di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan dengan Menerapkan Pendekatan Analisis Model Input-Ouput
Authors: Syaputra Rizky , Broto Santoso Andyono , Retongga Nofrohu , Alfianita Lia , Rosidatul Mu’awanah Frida , Astanto Agus Tri Heri Nur Widi
Published: June 2023

Sustainable regional development aims to increase regional competitiveness, increase economic growth, reduce regional inequality, and improve people's lives. South Sumatra Province is one of the provinces in Indonesia with excellent coal mining potential and can encourage sustainable regional development. The development of a sector cannot be separated from the support of other sectors, so optimizing the allocation of routine and development budgets into the economic sector is essential. For this reason, it is necessary to calculate the output impact analysis and analysis of the impact of gross value added on government expenditure using the input-output model. The calculation through this input-output model shows how much influence the increase or decrease in output and gross value added has on government expenditure. The role of the coal mining sector with other sectors and the condition of its existence in the economy need to be studied using the input-output table to determine the part of the mining sector in the regional economy. It can be concluded that the coal mining sector is still one of the leading sectors in economic growth in South Sumatra Province.
Stages of formation of legislation on notary activity in Russia
Authors: Bogdanova Ekaterina I. , Bril’ Gennadiy G. , Melnikov Ivan N.
Published: June 2023

The article examines the process of origin and development of notary activity in the Russian state in pre-revolutionary and Soviet times. The authors analysed the normative legal acts regulating notary activity at different stages of its formation. It is noted that the rise of the notary was due to the development of civil law relations in the Russian state. The analysis of the sources of legal regulation made it possible to carry out the notarial activity legislation formation periodisation. The authors identified ten stages of its formation – from the publication of the first acts reflecting the emergence of certain prerequisites for the emergence of a notary, to the adoption of acts that accompanied its establishment and intensive development. The authors point to the instability of the legal regulation of notary activity in the Soviet era – repeatedly, periods of improvement of the institute of notary were replaced by its regressive transformations. The paper notes that the Soviet government did repeatedly attempt to liquidate the institute of notaries; however, the notarial activity development historical analysis led to the conclusion that the normal functioning of civil law turnover is impossible without notary bodies, thus the need for the development of notaries at the present stage is indicated.
Fake nature of information: on the question of the limits of the competence of expert linguist
Authors: Akhunzianova Farida T.
Published: June 2023

The introduction of legal novelties related to the dissemination of false (fake) information raises the question of the role of an expert linguist in such cases, since we are talking about speech offences. Based on the methodological materials of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, as well as on her own expert practice, the author of the article determines the limits of the competence of an expert linguist, but at the same time demonstrates the possibility of expanding them communicatively and legally. Purpose is to determine the limits of competence of an expert linguist in cases related to the dissemination of false (fake) information, to point out the communicatively and legally justified possibility of their expansion. Methods include empirical methods of description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Results: 1) the limits of competence of an expert-linguist in cases related to the dissemination of false (fake) information are determined; 2) possibilities for expanding the limits of the competence of an expert linguist demonstrated communicative and legal justification.
Mari story of the second half of the XX century in the mirror of genre poetics
Authors: Khabibullina Flera Ya. , Ivanova Iraida G.
Published: June 2023

Рец. на кн.: Калашникова Л.В. Типологические разновидности марийского рассказа второй половины ХХ века (поэтика композиции). Йошкар-Ола: Мар. гос. ун-т, 2022. 180 с.
The contribution of Priest Pavel Florensky to the idea of the renewal of the Church as a historical perspective
Authors: Sazonov Dmitry I.
Published: June 2023

At the beginning of the twentieth century in the midst of the Russian Orthodox Church, a movement was most clearly manifested, which set the goal of renewal at all levels of church life. On the one hand, public discussion and the idea of renewal of the Church took shape as a movement towards the return of the canonical church system, which was subsequently embodied in the holding of the Local Council of the Russian Church in 1917–1918, on the other hand, especially among the intelligentsia – “new religious thinking”. According to the conclusions obtained as a result of the analysis of the work of the priest Pavel Florensky, we can assert that by taking the dignity and participating in the philosophical and religious understanding of the church heritage through modern scientific philosophical analysis, through positivism and neo-Kantianism, he paved the way for the return of intellectuals to the “thinking and spiritualized Church”. On the basis of the research material, the author proves that the “thinking” Church has become an authority for many neophytes who came or returned to it in Soviet times.
Correspondence between Leo Tolstoy and Nikolay Nekrasov: on the correspondents’ first and significant misunderstanding
Authors: Andreeva Valeria G.
Published: June 2023

The article deals with the correspondence of Leo Tolstoy and Nikolay Nekrasov with special attention paid to the first arguments and misunderstandings that had arisen between the correspondents mainly due to the difference in their literary experience, and attitude to the publishing process. Consistently analysing the messages of Leo Tolstoy and Nikolay Nekrasov, that had been written by them even before they met personally, the author of the article states that, despite the recognition of the of the new young magazine author’s talent, the editor-in-chief at first treated him not only quite calmly, but allowed himself too easy and somewhat indifferent attitude. The precedent of Nikolay Nekrasov’s inattention is the fact that for a long time the issue of the magazine with his first work was not sent to Leo Tolstoy. The article discusses the correspondents’ misunderstanding associated with possible reductions, changes and additions made not only by the editors of the journal, but also by the censors.
Measures of the Soviet State to strengthen labor discipline and their implementation at textile enterprises of the Ivanovo region (1939–1942)
Authors: Okolotin Vladimir Sergeevich , Safolov Dilovar Saidanvarovich
Published: June 2023

This article is devoted to the study of measures taken by the Soviet state to strengthen labor discipline at textile enterprises of the Ivanovo region in the pre-war period and in the first years of the Great Patriotic War. In the pre-war period, these measures were aimed at strengthening the efficiency of textile production, the fulfillment of planned tasks by enterprises. With the outbreak of war in the second half of 1941 under the influence of the mobilization of 27 conscription ages, the practical lack of booking of workers and engineering and technical workers, the assignment of the region to the frontline region, the situation has changed significantly. All this was reflected in the deterioration of labor discipline at textile enterprises. Despite the efforts made by the People's Commissariat of the Textile Industry and the apparatus of the Ivanovo textile glavkov, there was a general increase in such violations. The facts show that the factory directors, experiencing an acute shortage of labor, concealed the facts of violations and themselves often became the objects of disciplinary action by the prosecutor's office. In 1942, due to the shutdown of textile enterprises, workers were sent on collective leave en masse. The restoration of the work of textile enterprises could not reduce the number of violations of labor discipline. In addition to punitive effects, measures of labor and social motivation were required. As a result, in October 1942 such measures were taken by the Soviet government. To reveal the topic of the article, not only materials from periodicals and scientific publications were used, but also archival documents, a significant part of which is being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
Studying the relationship of reliability and success in the educational and professional activities of college students
Authors: Filatov Denis O.
Published: June 2023

The work is devoted to the analysis of the features of reliability and effectiveness of educational and professional activities of college students, their interrelations, identified on the basis of empirical methods and mathematical and statistical analysis. Reliability as a parameter of activity efficiency is defined by the author as an important integral characteristic of the subject. The author of the article points out the importance of the formation and development of this characteristic in the subject at the stage of mastering the future profession – during college. The typologisation of students according to the criteria – efficiency and stability in the conditions of the educational environment of the college – is proposed. On the basis of this typologisation, correlation relationships are presented and described, which allow identifying the specifics of the manifestation of reliability as a parameter of the effectiveness of educational and professional activities for 4 samples of students differentially. The article describes the results of correlation analysis between reliability and procedural, effective parameters of educational and professional activity of college students. To assess the effectiveness of the educational and professional activities of college students, taking into account the selected criteria, the method of expert assessments was carried out during the study. The presented results are characterised by practical significance, since they allow organising psychological support programmes for college students at the initial stages of their professionalisation.