bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It Could Have Been True: How Counterfactual Thoughts Reduce Condemnation of Falsehoods and Increase Political Polarization
Authors: Effron Daniel A.
Published: January 2018

This research demonstrates how counterfactual thoughts can lead people to excuse others for telling falsehoods. When a falsehood aligned with participants’ political preferences, reflecting on how it could have been true led them to judge it as less unethical to tell, which in turn led them to judge a politician who told it as having a more moral character and deserving less punishment. When a falsehood did not align with political preferences, this effect was significantly smaller and less reliable, in part because people doubted the plausibility of the relevant counterfactual thoughts. These results emerged independently in three studies (two preregistered; total N = 2,783) and in meta- and Bayesian analyses, regardless of whether participants considered the same counterfactuals or generated their own. The results reveal how counterfactual thoughts can amplify partisan differences in judgments of alleged dishonesty. I discuss implications for theories of counterfactual thinking and motivated moral reasoning.
Love and Organization Studies: Moving beyond the Perspective of Avoidance
Authors: Tasselli Stefano
Published: January 2018

Despite its undoubted centrality in modern society, Love has not received the attention it deserves in the study of organizations. Among the reasons for this avoidance is the fact that love is passionate and not authoritative; personal and subjective but not public. To understand the way organizational research can incorporate love, I explore and discuss three interweaving constructs. Eros (or a tale of the self) calls for an expression of the individuality in organizations, in terms of creativity, sense making and experience. Philia (or a tale of trust) contributes to explore trustworthy relationships, welcoming the other and enabling individuals to flourish in the workplace. Agape (or a tale of compassion) refers to generalized love for humanity and opens to the understanding of compassionate leadership. In the discussion, I call for new directions in the study of love as the organization and the organization as love.
Government mythology on income management, alcohol, addiction and Indigenous communities
Authors: Bielefeld Shelley
Published: January 2018

Many governments have intensified conditions on social security payments, implementing new paternalist and neoliberal policy ideals that individualise responsibility for overcoming poverty. This article explores how such policy ideals can operate with a racialised impact in the context of income management, a type of welfare conditionality in Australia that delivers cashless welfare transfers. Income management originally applied only to Indigenous welfare recipients, but has since been expanded. The government’s rationale for the scheme is to limit access to alcohol and other drugs, and promote ‘socially responsible behaviour’. However, empirical evidence indicates that income management in the Northern Territory has not been successful in achieving the government’s policy objectives. Income management is built upon a policy narrative of addiction – those subject to it are portrayed as addicted to welfare payments and to alcohol. This article critiques these depictions and outlines a range of pragmatic, political and ethical concerns about income management.
Cerebellar involvement in migraine
Authors: Kros Lieke , Angueyra Aristizábal Chantal A , Khodakhah Kamran
Published: January 2018

Background

Although there is a great wealth of knowledge about the neurobiological processes underlying migraine and its accompanying symptoms, the mechanisms by which an attack starts remain elusive, and the disease remains undertreated. Although the vast majority of literature focuses on the involvement of the trigeminovascular systems and higher systems it innervates, such as thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei, several lines of evidence implicate the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of migraine.

Aim

In this review, we aim to summarize potential cerebellar involvement seen from different perspectives including the results from imaging studies, cerebellar connectivity to migraine-related brain structures, comorbidity with disorders implying cerebellar dysfunction, similarities in triggers precipitating both such disorders, and migraine and cerebellar expression of migraine-related genes and neuropeptides. We aim to inspire an increase in interest for future research on the subject.

Conclusion

It is hoped that future studies can provide an answer as to how the cerebellum may be involved and whether treatment options specifically targeting the cerebellum could provide alleviation of this disorder.
lncRNA profiling in NCI-H292 cells after stimulation with Dermatophagoides farinae extracts
Authors: Wang Lilei , Zhou Ying , Cui Yubao
Published: January 2018

Airway epithelium cells are the first line of defense against airborne allergens. When cultured, epithelial cells can be exposed to various allergens, providing an ideal model to investigate allergic disorders. This study sought to characterize the profile of long noncoding (lnc) RNAs, which can regulate gene expression and exert functions in diverse cellular processes, in airway epithelial cells exposed to house dust mite allergens. NCI-H292 cells were exposed to house dust mite extract for 24 h. RNA expression was profiled in exposed and unexposed cells. There were 270 lncRNAs that were differentially expressed (fold change ≥ 2, P < 0.05) in NCI-H292 cells after stimulation with Dermatophagoides farinae (house dust mite) extracts. Furthermore, 119 lncRNAs and 22 messenger RNAs were co-expressed. Gene Ontology analysis showed that these under-regulated and up-regulated lncRNAs were associated with biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. After bioinformatic analysis of significantly regulated signaling pathways, we found these lncRNAs may target 16 gene pathways, including glycolysis, axon guidance, ErbB signaling, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling. The identification of differentially regulated lncRNAs in NCI-H292 cells after stimulation with Dermatophagoides farinae extracts, as well as their target gene pathways, can provide insight to the etiology and pathogenesis of allergy.
Composing for Affect, Audience, and Identity: Toward a Multidimensional Understanding of Adolescents’ Multimodal Composing Goals and Designs
Authors: Smith Blaine E.
Published: January 2018

This study examined adolescents’ perspectives on their multimodal composing goals and designs when creating digital projects in the context of an English Language Arts class. Sociocultural and social semiotics theoretical frameworks were integrated to understand six 12th grade students’ viewpoints when composing three multimodal products—a website, hypertext literary analysis, and podcast—in response to a well-known literary text. Data sources included screen capture and video observations, design interviews, written reflections, and multimodal products. Findings revealed how adolescents concurrently composed for multiple purposes and audiences during the literature analysis unit. In particular, students viewed projects as a platform to emotionally affect and entertain a broader audience, as well as a conduit through which they could represent themselves as composers. Emphasis was placed on creating cohesive compositions—ranging from close modal matching to building meaning at a thematic level and creating a multisensory experience indicative of the novel’s narrative world. These findings contribute a multidimensional understanding of adolescents’ various and interacting multimodal composing goals and have implications for leveraging modal affordances in the classroom.
Medullary Astrogliosis in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Varies With Sleeping Environment: Evidence for Different Mechanisms of Death in Alone Versus Co-sleepers?
Authors: Spinelli Jade , Byard Roger W. , Van Den Heuvel Corinna , Collins-Praino Lyndsey E.
Published: January 2018

Sudden infant death syndrome remains the leading cause of death in infants under 1 year, and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood. The current study investigated the hypothesis that co-sleepers die more rapidly from causes such as suffocation from overlaying by comparing levels of reactive astrogliosis in the medulla of infants who died sleeping alone to those who died co-sleeping. The amount of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining in alone sleepers was significantly higher than shared sleepers in 3 specific areas of the medulla, the inferior vestibular nucleus, the medial vestibular nucleus and the cochlear nucleus. Given that glial fibrillary acidic protein elevations follow a delayed time course, this suggests that death in co-sleepers was more rapid, not allowing for reactive gliosis to occur. This provides evidence of pathological differences in mechanisms of death in infants who are classified as having died from sudden infant death syndrome, suggesting potential need for refinement of categorization of these cases.
Pregnancy, Motherhood, and Academic Career Goals
Authors: Mirick Rebecca G. , Wladkowski Stephanie P.
Published: January 2018

While more doctoral students are pregnant and/or parenting in their doctoral programs than previously, little research has focused on their experiences. This qualitative study ( N = 28) explored the experiences of female doctoral students who were pregnant during their doctoral program (in a health-care field) and their decision-making about careers postgraduation. This study examined participants’ perceptions of the implicit and explicit culture, professional expectations, and the role of these experiences on career goals and trajectories. Participants described an academic culture of high expectations, in which mothers could be successful if they maintained a silence about their identity as a mother and ensured that their family life did not negatively impact their work productivity. Some perceived lost opportunities in graduate school and/or on the job market due to pregnancies and parenting during graduate school. The impact of these experiences on postgraduate careers was diverse, but the majority spoke of wanting to find a position in a family-friendly organization where family was valued and work life balance was possible. For some, this was an academic position, while for others this was a full-time practice position or part-time work.
Levitation control of permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid suspension maglev train
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Long Zhiqiang , Li Xiaolong
Published: January 2018

To improve the riding performance and levitation stability of a high-speed permanent magnet electromagnetic suspension system maglev train, a control strategy based on an integral joint structure model is proposed. First, the system model of joint structure instead of a single maglev unit is established, then a state observer is designed to observe the movement of a suspension frame, and a control strategy based on linear quadratic optimal control method is proposed. This control strategy based on a joint structure model is advantageous in suspension performance in the presence of external disturbances. Comparative simulation results show that this control strategy has a better performance under the condition of external force disturbance. An experiment on single-carriage high-speed permanent magnet electromagnetic suspension system maglev train is conducted on a 1.5-km test line; the performance is satisfactory for employment.
Science to the people: A 32-nation survey
Authors: Makarovs Kirils , Achterberg Peter
Published: January 2018

In this article, we analyze Special Eurobarometer (2010) data via multilevel regression modeling and answer two questions: (a) How a country’s democratization level is related to the rate of public engagement with science and (b) who are those citizens who participate in science policy-shaping and express their approval for democratic governance of science? Reflexive modernization and institutional alienation perspectives are used to examine those issues. It has been shown that more democratic societies on average have higher rates of public participation in science and support for democratic control of it. Moreover, those well educated and knowledgeable in the topic of science are more likely to engage with science, which supports the reflexive modernization perspective. However, distrust in scientists being considered as an indicator of institutional alienation from science is also crucial in both predicting actual engagement and support for public control over it.
Regional Differences of Housing Environments in India
Authors: Ravishankar A. K.
Published: January 2018

In this article, an attempt is made to explore the regional differences of housing environment in India. This study is based on the 69th round of the National Sample Survey conducted in 2012. Data discloses that majority of the households in western and northern part of the nation received the drinking water through ‘pipe’ supply (68.9 and 67.2%, respectively). Getting the drinking water outside premises was more common among the eastern (56.2%), central (48.6%) and southern (47.1%) parts of India. The practice of treating the water by one or more methods before drinking was not a common practice in most of the regions of the country. More than three-fifths of the households in central and eastern regions did not access the bathroom facility (62.0% and 66.9%, respectively). Similarly, more than half of the households in these regions had no latrine facility (56.7% and 50.4%, respectively). Among the regions, the west region had good garbage management system than the rest of regions. It can be concluded that the regional differences are noticed in respect of the housing environments. It is recommended that the regional specific schemes/plans should be adopted to remove the regional differences to improve the overall quality of life of Indians.
Do Gossip Functions Effect on Organizational Revenge and Job Stress Among Health Personnel?
Authors: Şantaş Gülcan , Uğurluoğlu Özgür , Özer Özlem , Demir Azime
Published: January 2018

This study aims to determine the relationship between gossip functions, organizational revenge and job stress among working personnel in hospitals. The research is conducted on working personnel in a university hospital and the data from 310 people was analyzed. Data were collected by convenience sampling. Simple correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships among the variables in the study. As a result of the analyses carried out, correlations between gossip functions and job stress are low. Correlations between gossip functions and organizational revenge and correlation between job stress and organizational revenge are average and significant. While the gossip functions explain 31.1 per cent of total variance on organizational revenge, organizational revenge explains 11.3 per cent of the variance on job stress. Limited number of works examining the gossip functions in the health sector and the relation among organizational revenge and job stress are the most important value of this study.
Private Sector in Affordable Housing? Case of Slum Rehabilitation Scheme in Ahmedabad, India
Authors: Mahadevia Darshini , Bhatia Neha , Bhatt Bijal
Published: January 2018

The trend of involving private sector in affordable housing segment is observed globally. In India, it has been mainstreamed through the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) under which one component deals with in-situ slum redevelopment through the public–private partnership (PPP) mode in which the private sector brings in finance and skills to construct housing while the public sector provides land. Taking case study of one slum site, wherein the slum rehabilitation scheme has been implemented in Ahmedabad, this article narrates the bottlenecks faced in its implementation in spite of the agency of an NGO involved as a mediator in the process.
Economic Growth and Urban Poverty in India
Authors: Dubey Amaresh , Tiwari Shivakar
Published: January 2018

Urban poverty in most of the developing world is considered a spillover of rural poverty. With increasing pace of development in these countries, urban settlements are assimilating migrants searching for better livelihood opportunities and who could be vulnerable and poor in the urban settlements. This article empirically assesses the levels of urban poverty in India at the disaggregated level and examines how recent growth episode has impacted poverty reduction. This article finds that growth in general has been reducing poverty, but its effect in reducing poverty over different geographical domain has not been uniform. We find that rising inequality is playing a significant role in differential reduction of urban poverty in India and in its states.
Mental Health Indicators of Suicide in Cambodian Women
Authors: Armes Stephanie E. , Somo Charity M. , Khann Sareth , Seponski Desiree M. , Lahar Cindy J. , Kao Sovandara , Schunert Tanja
Published: January 2018

Global suicide rates are steadily increasing, and suicide completions in Asia outnumber those in Western countries. Young females are especially at risk, with higher rates of completion and lack of suicide support because of familial and cultural stigma and constraints. Lack of infrastructure to systematically record suicide deaths and attempts makes studying suicide in low- and middle-income countries challenging. Given the critical public health need for suicide intervention and prevention, research on suicide is crucial. The present study adds to the lack of information regarding suicide in Cambodia by exploring reports of attempted suicide by women from a nationally representative sample of Cambodian women (N = 1813). In a series of logistic regression models, findings indicate that a culturally salient measure of Cambodian syndromes, symptoms of depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder contributed to increased odds of attempting to commit suicide. Implications for policymakers and interventionists within Cambodia and Asian contexts are discussed.
Is the Moderating Effect of Social Support on New Korean Mothers’ Psychological Distress Contingent on Levels of Marital Quality?
Authors: Park Ki Tae
Published: January 2018

This study examines how levels of marital quality change the effect of social support on postpartum psychological distress among new Korean mothers using the Panel Study on Korean Children (N = 1585). In accord with findings from previous studies, this study shows that low marital quality negatively affects new mothers’ mental health, but that social support alleviates psychological distress independent of marital quality. The main finding of this research is that the moderating effect of social support is contingent on levels of marital quality. Aggregated social support moderates the effects of marital quality on new mothers’ mental health only when the level of marital quality is low. Furthermore, each dimension of social support (emotional, informational, and instrumental) only has a moderating effect when marital quality is low. The findings highlight the fact that the moderating effect of social support varies with the individual context and so customized social support that fits individual needs matters for the mental health of new mothers.
The Taiwan Adolescent to Adult Longitudinal Study (TAALS): Methodology and Cohort Description
Authors: Chien Yu-Ning , Chen Ping-Ling , Chen Yi-Hua , Chang Hsiu-Ju , Yang Suh-Ching , Chen Yi Chun , Chiou Hung-Yi
Published: January 2018

The objective of the study was to introduce the methodology and report on cohort description of Taiwan Adolescent to Adult Longitudinal Study (TAALS). TAALS is the first nationwide longitudinal survey among Taiwan adolescents, linked with the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to obtain complete medical records of respondents in the future. The TAALS project employed the principle of probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling method. Data were collected by questionnaire from 18 064 school students participating in 2015 formal survey, with good sample representation via a goodness-of-fit test after weighting adjustments. Through expert evaluation and statistics tests, TAALS shows a well nationally representation, validity, and reliability. Results indicate that the vocational school students had poor healthy behavior than other education systems, supporting the hypothesis that different learning environment will develop different health behaviors. TAALS can serve as a foundation for analyzing health trajectories of Taiwan adolescents.
The management of young people who self-harm by New Zealand Infant, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services: cutting-edge or cutting corners?
Authors: Thabrew Hiran , Gandeza Ernest , Bahr Giselle , Bettany David , Bampton Chris , Cooney Emily , Coleman Nikki , Tiatia-Seath Jemaima
Published: January 2018

Objectives:

Self-harm is common in New Zealand (NZ) young people and can have short-term and long-term consequences, including suicide. This study was undertaken to examine the extent to which evidence-based approaches for addressing self-harm are offered by Infant, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (ICAMHS).

Methods:

A national survey of ICAMHS practitioners working with young people who self-harm was undertaken between May and July 2016.

Results:

Responses from 23 out of 30 ICAMHS confirmed self-harm was a familiar presentation and most commonly associated with diagnoses of depression, anxiety and borderline personality disorder. Cognitive behavioural therapy (47.1%, n = 8), dialectical behaviour therapy (47.1%, n = 8) and acceptance and commitment therapy (5.9%, n = 1) were the treatments of choice, but variably delivered. There were significant training gaps for all types of therapy.

Conclusions:

Although it is reassuring that many ICAMHS are using evidence-based approaches to address self-harm in young people, there is concerning variability in the way these therapies are delivered. Improvement in training in key modalities, further research into therapist performance and continuous evaluation of workforce development are needed to maximise the effectiveness of proven interventions and provide NZ young people with the state-of-the-art service they deserve.
Parents’ Perspectives of Changes Within the Family Functioning After a Pediatric Cancer Diagnosis: A Multi Family Member Interview Analysis
Authors: Van Schoors Marieke , De Mol Jan , Morren Hanne , Verhofstadt Lesley L. , Goubert Liesbet , Van Parys Hanna
Published: January 2018

Pediatric cancer is a life-threatening disease that challenges the life of the diagnosed child, the parents, and possible siblings. Moreover, it also places considerable demands on family life. The aim of this study was to explore changes in the family functioning after a pediatric cancer diagnosis. Ten couples who had a child with leukemia or non-Hodgkin lymphoma were interviewed individually about their experiences. Interviews were semistructured, and the data were analyzed using Multi Family Member Interview Analysis. Three themes emerged from the data: (a) Family Cohesion: Strengthened Versus Fragmented; (b) Educational Norms and Values: Overindulgence Versus Being Stricter, and (c) Normality: Loss Versus Preservation. The conflicting dynamics present in these emerging themes exemplify the complexity of this process of family adaptation. This study illustrates the need to take into account the family level, as well as the conflicting feelings parents may experience after a pediatric cancer diagnosis.
Ideology and Participation: Examining the Constitutional Convention of 1787
Authors: Gelman David A.
Published: January 2018

This article looks at the effect of ideology on delegate participation at the Federal Convention of 1787. Making use of an original data set on delegate verbosity and delegate speeches at the Constitutional Convention, analysis reveals that ideologically extreme Convention delegates were more likely to participate at the Convention. This leads to two conclusions. First, ideology affected delegate participation in a meaningful way. Second, claims made about the intent of the writers of the Constitution based on Convention records are biased in favor of ideologically extreme Convention delegates, as extreme delegates were more likely to be recorded.
Accessible miRNAs as Novel Toxicity Biomarkers
Authors: Bailey Wendy J. , Glaab Warren E.
Published: January 2018

Novel tissue injury biomarkers have recently been identified that outperform or add value to the conventional safety biomarkers. These novel biomarkers have enhanced sensitivity and/or specificity in monitoring drug-induced tissue injury in a variety of tissues, included liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle. Among these novel biomarkers, microRNAs (miRNAs) are one type in particular that have received much attention in recent years. These microRNAs are short, endogenous noncoding nucleic acids that are involved in modulation and regulation of mRNA transcripts. Other attributes of miRNAs are that they exist in tissues at high abundance, and individual miRNAs can be highly tissue-specific. These miRNAs can be readily assayed in blood, urine, or cerebral spinal fluid, making them attractive as accessible biomarkers of tissue injury. Further, the miRNA processing involves embedding the miRNA within a protein complex, making them stable in plasma upon leakage from injured tissues. This review article will highlight the discovery of tissue-specific miRNAs and their evolution as novel toxicity biomarkers in recent years.
Interest of Supportive and Barrier Protective Skin Care Products in the Daily Prevention and Treatment of Cutaneous Toxicity During Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Berger Antoine , Regueiro Carlos , Hijal Tarek , Pasquier David , De La Fuente Cristina , Le Tinier Florence , Coche-Dequeant Bernard , Lartigau Eric , Moyal Dominique , Seité Sophie , Bensadoun René-Jean
Published: January 2018

Purpose:

As many as 50% of patients with cancer develop acute skin reactions to some degree with radiotherapy. Proactive skin care is often recommended to minimise these skin reactions and maintain the integrity of the epidermal barrier; nevertheless, no consensual guidelines are systematically used. This multicentre, observational, prospective study evaluated the tolerability and benefit of supportive and barrier protective skin care products in preventing radiotherapy-induced skin reactions in 253 women initiating radiotherapy (exclusive or adjuvant) for breast cancer.

Methods:

Patients received a kit of 5 commercially available skin care products before the first radiotherapy treatment. The following variables were assessed: cutaneous adverse events, investigator-assessed skin reactions (oedema, erythema, dryness, desquamation) before and after radiotherapy course, investigator, and patient opinion on products benefit. Results were analysed by frequency of product use (heavy versus low).

Results:

Average age was 60 years (range: 34-85). Over 92% of patients reported good to excellent tolerance on irradiated skin for each product. During the 6-week radiotherapy period, we observed that heavy product users had less skin reactions than the low users, particularly within 10 days of radiotherapy initiation (8% versus 18%; p = .031). Positive physician’s opinion on product use was more frequent for high (66.6%) versus low (32%) users. Patient-assessed patient benefit index was generally >1, indicating relevant treatment benefit, with a tendency for better benefit in high versus low users.

Conclusions:

These results support recommendations to use skin care products to minimise the impact of secondary cutaneous reactions with radiotherapy cancer treatment.
The experience of teaching using a game based approach: Teachers as learners, collaborators and catalysts
Authors: Jarrett Kendall , Light Richard
Published: January 2018

This study focuses on the analysis of collective meaning associated with secondary physical education teachers’ ( n = 12) experiences of teaching games using a game based approach (GBA). Participants taught in one of two different international contexts, southeast Australia or southeast England, and all had some experience of using a GBA to teach games. A phenomenographic research framework was utilised to uncover the qualitatively finite number of ways that GBA-related teaching was/can be experienced. As guided by use of a phenomenographic analysis framework, three conceptions of awareness were identified that detail the collective meaning associated with participants’ experiences of teaching using a GBA, namely that of a Learner, a Collaborator and/or a Catalyst. An analysis of findings is presented with discussion focusing on what can be learnt from the different ways GBA teaching is experienced and implications for GBA teaching practice.
Ebola and healthcare worker stigma
Authors: Wester Misse , Giesecke Johan
Published: January 2018

Aims: Exposure to infection is a risk for all healthcare workers. This risk acquires another dimension in an outbreak of highly contagious, lethal disease, such as the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014. Healthcare workers are usually well and correctly informed about the risks from such diseases, but family, neighbours, friends, or colleagues may react strongly to the risk that staff might bring infection home from an epidemic overseas. Research around such stigmatization is scarce. We wanted to investigate how common it is, which expressions it assumes and how it is influenced by dissemination of information. Methods: We interviewed a sample of Swedish healthcare workers who had worked in West Africa during the 2014 outbreak of Ebola, as well as one close contact for each of them, about reactions before leaving and after returning, and also about information received. Results and conclusions: The majority of contact persons reported no or little concern, neither when the healthcare worker revealed the plan to leave, nor on the healthcare worker’s return. The prevailing reason was trust in the judgement of ‘their’ healthcare worker, mainly using information received from the healthcare worker to assess risks, and relying little on other information channels. This means that the person assessing the risk was at the same time the hazard. There were indications that instructions regarding quarantine and self-isolation were less stringently followed by healthcare workers than by other aid workers in the outbreak, which could give confusing signals to the public. Simple, clear and non-negotiable rules should be preferred – also from an information perspective.
‘But I’d rather have raisins!’: Exploring a hybridized approach to multimodal interaction in the case of a minimally verbal child with autism
Authors: Doak Lauran
Published: January 2018

This article explores a ‘hybridized approach’ to multimodal research drawing on video data of classroom communication involving children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The focus is a short video of ‘Luke’, aged six, who at snack time declines to request an available food item (carrot, tomato or apple) with the available Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS); instead deploying embodied, idiosyncratic communication including gaze, vocalisation and object manipulation to request raisins. The article explores the potential of a hybridized approach for understanding Luke’s communicative competencies which draws upon the theoretical perspectives of Ethnography of Communication, Conversation Analysis and Multimodal (Inter)Action Analysis; and uses two forms of multimodal transcription (the multimodal matrix and annotated video stills). It is argued that each tradition brings distinct affordances to our understanding of this short interaction and that together they can permit inferences which would not have been possible working with one approach alone.
Reducing Food Waste
Authors: Pearson David , Perera Anji
Published: January 2018

This article specifies behavior changes and identifies content for an integrated social marketing communication campaign to reduce amount of food wasted by individuals. The findings are based on a review of literature and discussions with experts. After gaining attention, the campaign will need to inform individuals of negative environmental impact, social injustice, and economic costs of wasting food. Individual behavior changes required are to plan purchases and store correctly, which will reduce amount of spoilage, and to prepare appropriate amounts, which will reduce food waste from leftovers. In addition, individuals are required to redistribute or recycle inevitable food waste rather than throwing it out as rubbish. Identification of these behavior changes will be useful for practitioners in industry, government, and not-for-profit sectors who are engaging in activities encouraging individuals to reduce food waste. Due to wide variations in food provisioning behaviors across different cultures and geographies, additional market research on the population of interest is required to design content for the campaign. This will allow for framing message and selection of media to appeal to identified target groups of individuals who both waste large amounts of food and, importantly, are receptive to changing their behaviors to reduce amount of food wasted. And finally, the success of any such “downstream” behavior change campaign will be increased when it is supported by enabling “upstream” contextual influences associated with supportive social networks, communities, infrastructure, and regulation.
Do Spanish Medical Students Understand the Concept of Brain Death?
Authors: Ríos Antonio , López-Navas A. , López-López A. , Gómez F. J. , Iriarte J. , Herruzo R. , Blanco G. , Llorca F. J. , Asunsolo A. , Sánchez P. , Gutiérrez P. R. , Fernández A. , de Jesús M. T. , Alarcón L. Martínez , del Olivo M. , Fuentes L. , Hernández J. R. , Virseda J. , Yelamos J. , Bondía J. A. , Hernández A. M. , Ayala M. A. , Ramírez P. , Parrilla P.
Published: January 2018

Objective:

To analyze the level of understanding of the brain death concept among medical students in universities in Spain.

Methods:

This cross-sectional sociological, interdisciplinary, and multicenter study was performed on 9598 medical students in Spain. The sample was stratified by geographical area and academic year. A previously validated self-reported measure of brain death knowledge (questionnaire Proyecto Colaborativo Internacional Donante sobre la Donación y Transplante de Organos) was completed anonymously by students.

Results:

Respondents completed 9275 surveys for a completion rate of 95.7%. Of those, 67% (n = 6190) of the respondents understood the brain death concept. Of the rest, 28% (n = 2652) did not know what it meant, and the remaining 5% (n = 433) believed that it did not mean that the patient was dead. The variables related to a correct understanding of the concept were: (1) being older ( P < .001), (2) studying at a public university ( P < .001), (3) year of medical school ( P < .001), (4) studying at one of the universities in the south of Spain ( P = .003), (5) having discussed donation and transplantation with the family ( P < .001), (6) having spoken to friends about the matter ( P < .001), (7) a partner’s favorable attitude toward donation and transplantation ( P < .001), and (8) religious beliefs ( P < .001).

Conclusions:

Sixty-seven percent of medical students know the concept of brain death, and knowledge improved as they advanced in their degree.
How Courts Structure State-Level Representation
Authors: Kastellec Jonathan P.
Published: January 2018

I examine how courts condition the relationship between state-level public opinion and policy. The system of federalism in the United States allows federal and state courts to establish the types of policies that states are constitutionally allowed to implement. In particular, federal courts can set “federal floors” for policy, below which no states can go. State courts, in turn, can raise the level of this floor. Thus, both federal and state courts shape whether state policy can match the preferences of the median voter in a given state. Analyzing data on public opinion, judicial decisions, and state-level policy on the issue of abortion, from 1973 to 2012, I show that changes in the set of allowable abortion restrictions, according to the combined decisions of state and federal courts, significantly affect whether states implement majority-preferred policies. I also show that ignoring the influence of courts on the policymaking environment significantly affects the estimated level of policy congruence and thus conclusions about the scope of representation. These results demonstrate the importance of placing courts in the larger study of state-level representation.
Compensation Strategies in Older Adults: Association With Cognition and Everyday Function
Authors: Tomaszewski Farias Sarah , Schmitter-Edgecombe Maureen , Weakley Alyssa , Harvey Danielle , Denny Katherine G. , Barba Cheyanne , Gravano Jason T. , Giovannetti Tania , Willis Sherry
Published: January 2018

Background/Rationale:

Compensation strategies may contribute to greater resilience among older adults, even in the face of cognitive decline. This study sought to better understand how compensation strategy use among older adults with varying degrees of cognitive impairment impacts everyday functioning.

Methods:

In all, 125 older adults (normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, dementia) underwent neuropsychological testing, and their informants completed questionnaires regarding everyday compensation and cognitive and functional abilities.

Results:

Cognitively normal and mild cognitive impairment older adults had greater levels of compensation use than those with dementia. Higher levels of neuropsychological functioning were associated with more frequent compensation use. Most importantly, greater frequency of compensation strategy use was associated with higher levels of independence in everyday function, even after accounting for cognition.

Conclusion:

Use of compensation strategies is associated with higher levels of functioning in daily life among older adults. Findings provide strong rational for development of interventions that directly target such strategies.
Relationship Between Children’s Lexical Diversity in Written Narratives and Performance on a Standardized Reading Vocabulary Measure
Authors: Wood Carla L. , Bustamante Kristina N. , Schatschneider Christopher , Hart Sara
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine construct validity of methods of calculating lexical diversity in written narrative samples relative to children’s performance on a reading vocabulary measure. For 234 children in first to fifth grade, written narratives were examined and compared between grades for number of different words (NDW), total number of words (TNW), NDW in a truncated 50 word sample, and type token ratio (TTR). The relationship between lexical diversity in written narratives and a standardized reading vocabulary measure ( Gates–McGinitie Reading Test–Fourth Edition [GMRT-4]) was analyzed by comparing correlations. Grade differences were observed in measures of lexical diversity and productivity. Lexical diversity showed a significant moderate correlation with the GMRT-4. NDW had a stronger relationship to GMRT-4 scores than TTR for participants in first and second grade. Considering length (TNW, NDW constrained to 50 words, or TTR) did not result in a stronger relationship with reading vocabulary. Following additional study establishing probe equivalence, NDW in written narratives may be an efficient, educationally relevant, marker of language maturity, and a good predictor of performance on a standardized reading vocabulary measure.
Targeting HER2 in Nuclear Medicine for Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Massicano Adriana V. F. , Marquez-Nostra Bernadette V. , Lapi Suzanne E.
Published: January 2018

Since its discovery, the human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) has been extensively studied. Presently, there are 2 standard diagnostic techniques to assess HER2 status in biopsies: immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. While these techniques have played an important role in the treatment of patients with HER2-positive cancer, they both require invasive biopsies for analysis. Moreover, the expression of HER2 is heterogeneous in breast cancer and can change over the course of the disease. Thus, the degree of HER2 expression in the small sample size of biopsied tumors at the time of analysis may not represent the overall status of HER2 expression in the whole tumor and in between tumor foci in the metastatic setting as the disease progresses. Unlike biopsy, molecular imaging using probes against HER2 allows for a noninvasive, whole-body assessment of HER2 status in real time. This technique could potentially select patients who may benefit from HER2-directed therapy and offer alternative treatments to those who may not benefit. Several antibodies and small molecules against HER2 have been labeled with different radioisotopes for nuclear imaging and/or therapy. This review presents the most recent advances in HER2 targeting in nuclear medicine focusing on preclinical and clinical studies.
The Life Story Board as a Tool for Qualitative Research
Authors: Chongo Meck , Chase Robert M. , Lavoie Josée G. , Harder H. G. , Mignone Javier
Published: January 2018

Within the context of a study about the lived experiences of Indigenous males living with HIV in Vancouver, Canada, we explored the utilization of an innovative method of collecting the narratives of study participants. This article describes and assesses the use of the Life Story Board (LSB) as a potentially rich interview tool for qualitative research and explores the process, as well as its advantages and challenges. The LSB uses sets of cards, markers, and notation on a play board to create a visual representation of a verbal narration about someone’s life situation or story. Five study participants took part in a conventional face-to-face interview and 4 months later were interviewed with the use of the LSB. These study participants were asked toward the end of the LSB session about their experience of being interviewed with and without the LSB. Data were also gathered from the interviewers’ experience. The findings suggested that the LSB offers interesting opportunities when used in qualitative research. Study participants found it to facilitate a reflective and more in-depth narration of their lived experience. The interviewer’s perspective for the most part corroborated these observations.
Aerodynamic design schemes of the inlet guide vane in a core-driven fan stage
Authors: Cao Hui , Zhou Zhenggui , Zhang Jinhuan
Published: January 2018

A core-driven fan stage operates in both single bypass and double bypass modes. There are large differences in aerodynamic parameters between the two modes. To accommodate the differences, the inlet guide vanes must turn in a very large angle, which may cause significant flow losses. To reduce the flow losses, this article investigates three design schemes in detail using the flow field simulation method. The three schemes investigated include the inlet guide vanes adjusting entirely (Scheme 1), the rear part of the inlet guide vanes adjusting (Scheme 2), and both the front and rear part of the inlet guide vanes adjusting (Scheme 3). Comparisons of the three design schemes suggest that the flow losses in Scheme 1 are higher than those in the other two schemes and that the flow losses in Scheme 3 are not evidently lower than those in Scheme 2. The key geometrical parameters of Schemes 1 and 2 are determined for low flow losses and are used to design the inlet guide vanes. The inlet guide vanes are applied to a core-driven fan stage, and the flow fields are simulated by a three-dimensional flow simulation method to confirm the designs.
Active 6-D position-pose estimation of a spatial circle using monocular eye-in-hand system
Authors: Ma Xin , Feng Junbing , Li Yibin , Tan Jindong
Published: January 2018

Nuts and bolts are common components in assembly lines. Their position and pose estimation is a vital step for automatic assembling. Although many approaches using a monocular camera have been proposed, few works consider a monocular camera’s active movements for improving estimation accuracy. This article presents an active movement strategy for a monocular eye-in-hand camera for high position and pose estimation accuracy of a spatial circle. Extensive experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for position and pose estimation of circles printed on paper, real circular flat washers, and nuts.
Bridging the gap between research and frontline youth justice practice
Authors: Ugwudike Pamela , Morgan Gemma
Published: January 2018

Although the Risk, Need, Responsivity model of rehabilitation is rooted in a substantial body of research evidence, several studies of the model’s efficacy in youth and adult justice settings within England and Wales have revealed modest outcomes. In this article, we contend that the findings do not necessarily reflect deficits in the model. Rather, a growing corpus of research now indicates that poor practice integrity or inadequate implementation of the model’s principles is a key but under-researched factor that undermines the efficacy of interventions based on the model. We also present the findings of a study that explored applications of the model in three Welsh youth justice services and we examine possible means of bridging the gap between research evidence and real-world practice.
Chronicles, memory and autobiography in Reformation England
Authors: Walsham Alexandra
Published: January 2018

This article argues that reports of ‘the death of the chronicle’ in the early modern period have been exaggerated. Through a close analysis of three manuscript chronicles from Worcester, Chester and Shrewsbury, it underscores the vitality and creative evolution of the genre against the backdrop of religious, cultural and technological changes that seriously challenged traditional modes and patterns of memory and commemoration. It explores their role as a mechanism for remembering a contentious recent past and considers how they functioned as a repository or archive of public and private information created by their compilers to be transmitted down the generations. It also probes the relationship between the chronicle and contemporary forms of life-writing that have been described as ‘diaries’ and ‘autobiographies’.
Memory and memorialization in the Psalmes of Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke
Authors: Clarke Danielle
Published: January 2018

This article argues that early modern memory practices are intimately bound up with questions of subject formation, and that questions of gender and agency are central to debates over these practices, both within and beyond educational sites. Taking Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke as the example, it argues that rote-learning, copying, and memorization are key elements of the poetics of the Sidney Psalter, and that these functions have a very specific aim, namely, to create a literary monument, through stylistic, poetic, and theological allusions, to the powerfully authorizing figure of her brother, Sir Philip Sidney.