bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapeando o desenvolvimento musical em alunos com as necessidades mais complexas: o projeto sounds of intent
Authors: Ockelford Adam , Welch Graham , Hamond Luciana Fernandes , Figueiredo Camila Fernandes
Published: October 2023

Este capítulo tem como foco o projeto Sounds of Intent, que visa mapear o desenvolvimento musical de jovens com as necessidades mais complexas. A partir de 2002, a equipe de pesquisa trabalhou com um grupo de profissionais que atuavam na área - musicoterapeutas, educadores musicais e outros profissionais - para desenvolver descrições precisas e interpretações compartilhadas das diferentes formas e níveis de engajamento musical que observaram entre crianças e jovens com necessidades educacionais especiais. O referencial teórico desenvolvido pela equipe é discutido nessa tradução.
Bridging the Gap between Pedagogy and Workplace Needs
Authors: Chan Mable
Published: October 2023

For a university teacher of business English to both undergraduates and postgraduates, one of the biggest challenges is the lack of suitable books with authentic texts and updated information for demonstration/illustration of workplace texts and genres. First, students nowadays expect authenticity but not dated examples from existing business English textbooks. Second, the genres and communicative functions covered in most business English textbooks are limited, and emerging features and genres of workplace texts are rarely covered. Third, research findings are highly sought after to inform how workplace texts are composed in terms of content, structure and language features. This paper will give examples of the niche that needs filling, and then discuss what ESP teachers can do.
Pendampingan Belajar Siswa Dengan Metode Two Stay Two Stray di Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an Mushala Teladan Ampang
Authors: Zaky Amertya Azahra , Kustati Martin , Gusmirawati Gusmirawati
Published: October 2023

Tujuan pendampingan pembelajaran dengan metode two stay two stray ini untuk meningkatkan kemampuasn peserta didik dalam pembelajaran siswa di TPQ Mushala Teladan Ampang, kota Padang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Participatory Action Research (PAR) dengan langkah-langkah, yang mana pendidik membagi peserta didik menjadi beberapa kelompok, dan setiap kelompok mengutus teman nya 2 orang untuk memahami materi dan menjelaskan materi yang telah dipelajari, masing-masing kelompok menyimak penjelasan dari utusan kelompok, perwakilan kelompok yang menyimak harus memberikan 1 pertanyaan terhadap kelompok yang menjelaskan, kelompok menjelaskan menjawab pertanyaan dari kelompok penanya, setelah semuanya selesai maka masing-masing kelompok harus menyimpulkan materi yang terkait. Metode two stay two stray merupakan salah satu metode dalam pembelajaran yang mana menuntut peserta didik untuk menjadi guru dan melatih speaking dalam menyampaikan materi pembelajaran, peserta didik dituntut aktif dan bekerja sama dengan kelompoknya untuk memecahkan pertanyaan yang diberikan oleh kelompok lain. Hasil dari pengabdian ini (1) siswa lebih memahami materi yang diajarkan dan antusias dalam pembelajaran, yang mana siswa dituntut terlebih dahulu membaca materi sebelum dimulainya pembelajaran, karena masing-masing siswa akan mendapatkan giliran untuk menjelaskan kepada kelompok lainnya. (2) setelah ditanyakan kembali materi yang dijelaskan siswa dapat menjawab nya dengan baik
ACORDO DE NÃO PERSECUÇÃO PENAL E A TEMPORALIDADE PARA A APLICAÇÃO DO INSTITUTO NO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Duarte do Nascimento Victória Brenda , Jacob Alexandre
Published: October 2023

O instituto do Acordo de Não Persecução Penal (ANPP) introduzido pela Lei nº. 13.964/2019, também conhecida como o "Pacote Anticrime". O ANPP é uma ferramenta que visa permitir um acordo consensual entre o Ministério Público e o réu acusado de cometer um crime, evitando assim a instauração da ação penal em certas condições. A pesquisa explora a aplicação do ANPP, seus requisitos e questões relativas à sua aplicação retroativa a casos que ocorreram antes da entrada em vigor da lei. São apontadas divergências doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais sobre quando o ANPP pode ser oferecido e em quais fases do processo ele pode ser aplicado. Ademais, destaca os benefícios da aplicação do ANPP, como a redução da carga de trabalho nos tribunais, a economia de recursos públicos e a celeridade na realização da justiça criminal. Em resumo, a pesquisa se concentra nas questões relacionadas à aplicação e à retroatividade do ANPP no contexto da legislação penal brasileira e destaca sua importância na busca por uma justiça mais ágil e eficiente.
TRABALHO ANALOGO A ESCRAVIDÃO NO ÂMBITO DAS TRABALHADORAS DOMÉSTICAS
Authors: Gomes Gusmão Hemilly , Lorrany Gomes Da Silva Souza Stefany , De Campos Araújo Amanda , Felipe Da Silva Karyny
Published: October 2023

Este artigo demonstra a necessidade de se explorar o tema relativo ao trabalho escravo, que surgiu há muitos anos e permanece hoje, ainda após a abolição desde 13 de maio de 1888, arraigado na sociedade brasileira.  Atualmente esse é denominado trabalho escravo contemporâneo ou trabalho análogo à escravidão, tendo ainda como característica essencial a degradação da dignidade da pessoa humana. Como objetivo geral, o estudo busca explorar o trabalho doméstico, em todo o universo que envolve as mulheres de classe baixa e com pouco acesso à informação, compreendê-lo a partir do contexto histórico da escravidão no país, conceituar e distinguir entre escravidão colonial e escravidão contemporânea, tendo em conta os direitos e garantias de todos, especialmente a dignidade da pessoa humana. Também é importante notar que, apesar das dificuldades para combater essa prática, o Brasil está lutando e aos poucos, busca erradicar a escravidão de seu território.
IMPRESCRITIBILIDADE DO CRIME DE ESTUPRO
Authors: Sousa Jardim Levi , Ferreira da Cunha Bertoldo Marcos , Rodrigues Varella Fernando Henrique , Pinto Tofaneli Rafaela , Bruna Ramos Ferraz Silva
Published: October 2023

O objetivo do presente artigo é investigar a viabilidade de tornar o crime de estupro imprescritível no contexto legal brasileiro. Este estudo abordará o dilema entre a necessidade de aplicação da lei penal e a proteção dos direitos dos suspeitos. Para alcançar esse propósito, serão explorados os conceitos de prescrição penal e imprescritibilidade, bem como as características do crime de estupro. Além disso, o artigo explorará as consequências do não reconhecimento da prescrição no crime de estupro, enfatizando o impacto na justiça e na sociedade como um todo. Casos de impunidade devido à prescrição serão discutidos, realçando a necessidade de ações efetivas para combater essa problemática. Para embasar a discussão, serão fornecidos exemplos práticos de situações em que a prescrição causou impunidade nos crimes de estupro, demonstrando as falhas do sistema jurídico brasileiro no tratamento de delito tão grave. A pesquisa será fundamentada em revisão bibliográfica e seguirá uma abordagem dedutiva. A justificativa para a escolha do tema se dá em razão da necessidade de se compreender as razões pelas quais a legislação brasileira tem se mostrado incoerente em determinados temas. Com relação à metodologia, o estudo consiste em uma pesquisa básica de natureza qualitativa e fundamentada no método de abordagem exploratório. Quanto à técnica de pesquisa, foi empregada a revisão bibliográfica.
反思人类：五个基础行业遭遇的颠覆、文明的生命周期和即将到来的自由时代
Authors: Arbib James , Seba Tony
Published: October 2023

20 世纪 20 年代，关键技术将汇聚在一起彻底颠覆支撑全球经济的五个基础行业以及当今世界的各个重要行业。 在信息、能源、食品、运输和材料方面，成本将下降 10 倍或更多，而生产效率提高一个数量级的生产过程将减少使用 90% 的自然资源，减少 10 倍至 100 倍的浪费。
The Role of Higher Education and Training in Entrepreneurial Development in Afghanistan
Authors: Naveer Mohammad
Published: October 2023

Education and training stand as pivotal factors in the growth and development of entrepreneurship, capturing global attention. Various studies have demonstrated that entrepreneurial traits are predominantly acquired rather than inherited, underscoring the current emphasis on entrepreneurship education. Today, entrepreneurial education has become one of the most crucial and widespread activities within educational institutions, especially universities, worldwide. Given the substantial impact of entrepreneurship on economic and social development, governments invest considerable efforts in providing entrepreneurial education to their populace. In recent years, Afghanistan has witnessed significant endeavors by institutions and universities, establishing entrepreneurial centers and conducting various educational programs for students.

This article, based on qualitative data and employing a descriptive research method, endeavors to explore the significant role and influence of higher education and training in entrepreneurial development within the country. The research aims to shed light on the intersection of education and entrepreneurship, addressing topics such as the definition of entrepreneurship, the importance and necessity of entrepreneurship education, research objectives, questions, and hypotheses, the goals of entrepreneurial education, the need for entrepreneurship courses in universities, universities' objectives in promoting entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial characteristics of universities, social and cultural indicators of entrepreneurship at the university level. Finally, the study concludes with findings and recommendations.
Level Of Physical Freshness Of Class VII1 Students Of SMP Negeri 48 Pekanbaru
Authors: Komarudin Alim , Yulianti Mimi
Published: October 2023

This research aims to determine the level of physical freshness of class VII1 students at SMP Negeri 48 Pekanbaru. The type of this research is descriptive, descriptive research is a research method that seeks to describe the object or subject under research by what it is to systematically describe the facts and characteristics of the object being studied accurately. The population and sample in this research used a purposive sampling technique. The subjects of the sample are 17 male students of class VII1 at SMP Negeri 48 Pekanbaru. The research instrument used is the TKJI test aged 13-15 years. The data analysis technique used is to calculate the categories of physical freshness values obtained by students. Based on the results of calculating the average physical freshness it is known that the physical freshness of class VII1 male students of SMP Negeri 48 Pekanbaru is classified in the Moderate category with an average of 15.65 which lies in the interval of the TKJI value category 14-17. This means that the effectiveness of physical freshness of class VII1 students of SMP Negeri 48 Pekanbaru actually can still be improved by adding exercises and making more complete facilities so that the level of physical freshness of these students can be better and more efficient in learning.
Hubungan Keseimbangan Terhadap Hasil Sepak Sila Dalam Permainan Sepak Takraw Pada Mahasiswa Penjaskesrek Unisi
Authors: Erhas R. Desfrianto
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana hubungan keseimbangan terhadap hasil sepak sila dalam permainan sepak takraw pada mahasiswa Penjaskesrek Universitas Islam Indragiri. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Penjaskesrek Universitas Islam Indragiri yang berjumlah 17 mahasiswa sedangkan sampel penelitian diambil berdasarkan teknik total sampling dimana seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel penleitian. Instrument dan Teknik analisis data yang digunakan berdasarkan metode statistik yaitu menggunakan rumus korelasi product moment dan korelasi ganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa korfisien korelasi rxy = 0,930 > r table = 0,482 (hipotesis penelitian diterima) dan signifikan korelasi distribusi t menunjukkan (thitung = 9,782) > (ttable = 1,753) dengan demikian  maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima (signifikan). Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara keseimbangan dengan hasil sepak sila dalam permainan sepak takraw.
Bahasa Santun melalui Kalimat "Tolong, Maaf dan Terimakasih" di Taman Kanak-Kanak Islam Terpadu Cendekia, Takengon, Aceh Tengah
Authors: Bakrie Suminah
Published: October 2023

Taman Kanak-Kanak Islam Terpadu Cendekia Takengon adalah salah satu lembaga pendidikan yang berada di Wilayah Tengah Aceh. Menariknya darik TK IT Cendekia adalah dalam komunikasi efektif, warga sekolah terutama guru menggunakan kalimat TMT (Tolong, Maaf, dan Terima Kasih) yang nantinya berdampak pada Bahasa Santun anak. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana konsep bahasa santun yang di terapkan di TK IT Cendekia Takengon Aceh Tengah terutama dalam menggunakan kalimat TMT (Tolong, Maaf, dannTerimakasih). Metode Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yaitu, dalam proses perolehan data sesuai dengan sasaran atau masalah penelitian. Yang diperlukan sebuah informasi yang selengkap-lengkapnya atau sedalam-dalamnya mengenai gejala-gejala yang ada dalam lingkup obyek penelitian. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deskriptif serta ilmu pendidikan yang merujuk pada teori-teori pendidikan. Hasil yang di capai secara deskriptif penggunaan Bahasa santun dengan kalimat TMT (Tolong, Maaf, dan Terima Kasih) adalah dengan konsep membangun komunikasi efektif, menjadi pendengan yang baik, memahami perasaan anak dan memberikan pujian positif di kemas dengan kegiatan pembiasaan seperti Jurnal pagi, Kegiatan sentra, kegiatan istirahat dan kegiatan penutup.
Pelibatan Keluarga dalam Program Sekolah untuk Menanamkan Kedisplinan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Rusuli Izzatur , Damayanti Safrina
Published: October 2023

Penanaman kedisiplinan di sekolah tidak dapat tercapai dengan baik apabila tidak dibarengi dengan keterlibatan keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sikap disiplin yang ditanamkan pada anak usia dini dan untuk mengetahui program yang diadakan sekolah dalam melibatkan keluarga serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan pelibatan keluarga dalam mendisiplinkan anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, guru kelas dan wali murid di TK IT Al-Hikmah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedisplinan yang muncul pada anak-anak usia dini adalah datang tepat waktu, menaati aturan, meletakkan barang pada tempatnya dan melakukan pembersihan diri. Sedangkan program pelibatan keluarga yang diadakan berupa pertemuan awal tahun, parenting, komunikasi intensif dan pendampingan pada kegiatan field trip. Faktor yang mendukung pelibatan keluarga dalam program sekolah dikarenakan adanya kesadaran dan kepedulian orang tua terhadap perkembangan anak mereka. Sedangkan faktor yang menghambatnya berupa kesibukan orang tua.
Becoming Fugitive
Authors: Gross-Wyrtzen Leslie , Vázquez López Alondra
Published: October 2023

This article tells the stories of illegalized migrant people moving through two violent, transcontinental borderscapes: the EurAfrican border that spans Western Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, and pushes further south each year across Africa; and the American border that stretches from the interior of the United States, through Mexico and Central America, and into South America and the Caribbean. Comparative analysis of these borderscapes reveals similar logics, practices, and policies of border enforcement, as well as strategies that migrant people use to subvert them. We argue that fugitivity provides a critical lens for understanding the co-constitution of borders and border transgression, and reveals how the border manufactures its objects—producing fugitive subjects, spaces, and relations across expanding spatial and temporal distances. As a lens rooted in histories of racialized control over human mobility, fugitivity allows us to chart contemporary territorializations of racial domination through bordering alongside constant challenges to these territorializations through movement. Ultimately, fugitivity provides a method that not only maps out the violence and failures of bordering, but one that imagines alternative geographies emanating from the underground of marginalized people, spaces, and relationships.
MEDIJI U SVETLU BEZBEDNOSNOG RIZIKA
Authors: Manić Mihajlo
Published: October 2023

Bezbednost medijskog osoblja i vlasnika medija je od suštinskog značaja za nesmetano odvijanje demokratskih procesa. Napadi na novinare i medije ne štete samo pojedincima na meti, već i čitavoj medijskoj zajednici. A kada su mediji glasnogovornik javnosti, cenzura medija znači cenzura javnosti. Ovi napadi na medije imaju različite oblike. Novinari mogu biti eksplicitno cenzurisani oduzimanjem licenci, zabranom objavljivanja, zatvorom i drugim sredstvima. Takođe mogu biti pod pritiskom i prinuđeni na samocenzuru (autocenzuru) tako što će promeniti sadržaj vesti koju obrađuju ili jednostavno odluče da ne pokrivaju određene događaje ili pitanja. Otpuštanje ili pretnja otpuštanjem medijskih radnika radi političke ili lične koristi je uobičajen napad, iako se retko ističe i nije često vidljiv u javnosti.
TRŽIŠNO KOMUNICIRANJE U FOKUSU MASOVNIH MEDIJA (PR i marketing u funkciji tržišnog komuniciranja)
Authors: Mesić Emin , Mecan Zlatko
Published: October 2023

Pred sve snažnijim uticajem globalizacije makroekonomskih tržišnih tokova , novi mediji danas više nego ikada prije predstavljaju važnu kariku u lancu globalne trgovine, djelujući istovremeno kao istaknuti generatori ponude i potražnje. Zbog toga „stari mediji“, štampa, radio i televizija vrtoglavo gube svoju klasičnu funkciju kreatora javnog mnijenja, djelujući sve više kao servis PR komunikatora i marketinških agencija. U javnom medijskom prostoru umjesto tradicionalnih medijskih kanala, društvene mreže, online portali i različite komunikacijske web platforme imaju dominantno interakcijsko djelovanje u profiliranju javnog diskursa. Shodno tim tendencijama, promocija i tržišni komunikacijski procesi u različitim područjima ekonomije nužno se naslanjaju na nove trendove, u skladu sa modernom kulturom poslovnog komuniciranja i praksom savremenog marketinga. Očigledno je takođe da se smanjuje uticaj odnosa s javnošću (public relations) u pogledu objektivnog i pravovremenog informisanja javnosti, budući da PR komunikatori danas daju primat informacijama o novim proizvodima, specijalnim uslugama, cijenama i drugim relevantnim tržišnim činjenicama, ulazeći sve više u komunikacijsko polje marketinga, što značajno doprinosi da se u javnosti stvara povoljno mišljenje i raspoloženje za nabavku i korištenje nekog proizvoda ili usluge. Stari i novi mediji nužno su upućeni na kooperativne aktivnosti, tako da sve više djeluju kao integrativni činioci savremenog tržišnog komuniciranja. Medijske institucije kao i brojne online platforme nisu samo konkurenti na tržištu oglasa i reklama, već su jedni drugima lojalni partneri u razmjeni i plasmanu tržišnih informacija. Takođe svjedočimo vrlo uspješnim transformacijama medija (štampe, radija i televizije) koji putem Interneta, odnosno vlastitih web aplikacija, objavljuju i emituju radijske i TV programe, sadržaje novinskih izdanja, kao i reklamne i druge marketinške sadržaje. U pogledu uspješnog tržišnog komuniciranja sva pažnja je danas fokusirana na integirisane marketinške komunikacije, u kojima pored medija najaktiviju ulogu imaju marketinške i PR agencije.
THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF PEOPLE DIMENSION IN CITY BRANDING IN DIGITAL AGE
Authors: Lukić Nikolić Jelena , Dejanović Aleksandar
Published: October 2023

City branding, as a relatively new concept and research topic, has been positioned as one of the most important factors for overall city image and its further development. Besides location, infrastructure, natural beauty, heritage, prerequisites and potential, people are also seen as an integral part of city branding, especially in digital age. Local population represents an important pillar of city branding due to its characteristics, hospitality (joviality and friendliness), as well as lifestyle (relaxation, enjoyment in food and drink, friendship, music). The aim of this paper is to analyze the role and importance of the local population in city branding in the digital age. This paper may be valuable for city leaders and residents who are involved in the city branding process, because it analyzes and provides guidance on how the local population affects the general atmosphere of the city and its brand in the digital age.
Optimising Electric Bus Departure Interval Considering Stochastic Traffic Conditions
Authors: Qiu Zhenyang , Hu Xiaowei , Song Shuai , Wang Yu
Published: October 2023

Electric buses (EBs) have attracted more and more attention in recent years because of their energy-saving and pollution-free characteristics. However, very few studies have considered the impact of stochastic traffic conditions on their operations. This paper focuses on the departure interval optimisation of EBs which is a critical problem in the operations. We consider the stochastic traffic conditions in the operations and establish a departure interval optimisation model. The objective function aims at minimising passenger travel costs and enterprise operation costs, including waiting time costs, congestion costs, energy consumption costs and operational fixed costs. To solve this problem, a genetic algorithm (GA) based on fitness adjustment crossover and mutation rate is proposed. Based on the Harbin bus dataset, we find that improved GA performance is 4.481% higher, and it can solve the models more accurately and efficiently. Compared with the current situation, the optimisation model reduces passenger travel costs by 20.2% and helps improve passenger travel quality. Under stochastic traffic conditions, total cost change is small, but passenger travel costs increase significantly. This indicates the high impact degree of random traffic conditions on passenger travel. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to provide suggestions for improving the EBs operation and management.
Improving Traffic Efficiency in a Road Network by Adopting Decentralised Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning and Smart Navigation
Authors: Trinh Hung Tuan , Bae Sang-Hoon , Tran Quang Duy
Published: October 2023

In the future, mixed traffic flow will consist of human-driven vehicles (HDVs) and connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs). Effective traffic management is a global challenge, especially in urban areas with many intersections. Much research has focused on solving this problem to increase intersection network performance. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a new approach to optimising traffic signal lights that overcomes the disadvantages of traditional methods. In this paper, we propose an integrated approach that combines the multi-agent advantage actor-critic (MA-A2C) and smart navigation (SN) to solve the congestion problem in a road network under mixed traffic conditions. The A2C algorithm combines the advantages of value-based and policy-based methods to stabilise the training by reducing the variance. It also overcomes the limitations of centralised and independent MARL. In addition, the SN technique reroutes traffic load to alternate paths to avoid congestion at intersections. To evaluate the robustness of our approach, we compare our model against independent-A2C (I-A2C) and max pressure (MP). These results show that our proposed approach performs more efficiently than others regarding average waiting time, speed and queue length. In addition, the simulation results also suggest that the model is effective as the CAV penetration rate is greater than 20%.
El control judicial de la discrecionalidad administrativa
Authors: Castro Fuentes Camila
Published: October 2023

Este artículo tiene por objeto determinar como se efectúa el control judicial de los actos administrativos discrecionales, emanados de los órganos de la Administración del Estado. En este sentido es trascendental identificar los límites entre la discrecionalidad y arbitrariedad de un acto administrativo, como también los límites del control judicial; encontrando y revisando dos posturas existentes en el derecho español: la primera de ellas reconoce el control judicial con facultad de anular y sin sustitución; y la segunda reconoce este control con facultades del juez para sustituir el acto discrecional anulado. Para finalmente identificar algunas técnicas de control judicial.
Evaluation of Styloid Process Length using Multidetector Computed Tomography Scan in Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mathur Yashvir , Rai Roma , Sawant Milind , Aggarwal Rohit
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The length of the Styloid Process (SP) has been a subject of research since Eagle's case report on a syndrome characterised by symptoms related to a painful elongated SP. Various modalities including orthopantomogram, digital radiography, cadaveric measurements, and Multidetector Computerised Tomography (MDCT) scanning have been used to study SP length. The present study aims to determine the normal SP length in the Indian population, specifically among armed forces personnel, using MDCT scans. Aim: To measure the SP length in the Indian population using MDCT scans and establish a cut-off length to define elongation. Materials and Methods: A single centre cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Radiology, Command Hospital Pune, Maharashtra, India from January 2023 to March 2023. The SP length was measured in 402 patients referred for CT scans of the head and Paranasal Sinus (PNS), utilising 3D Multiplanar Reformation (MPR), curved reformat, and volume rendering techniques. The patients were divided into six age groups: Group I (<20 years), Group II (21 to 30 years), Group III (31 to 40 years), Group IV (41 to 50 years), Group V (51-60 years), and Group VI (>60 years). Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 28.0, and significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results: Among the 402 patients, 210 were males, and 192 were females, with a mean age of 43.8±16.7 years. The mean SP length across all patients was 23.24±3.92 mm. The mean length was 23.74±4.50 mm on the right side and 22.74±3.72 mm on the left side, with no statistically significant difference between them (p-value=0.058). There was a significant gender difference, with males having a mean length of 23.67±4.12 mm and females 22.77±3.64 mm (p-value=0.011). The SP length increased significantly with age, demonstrating a notable difference between age groups. The upper limit of normal (90th percentile) ranged from 25.74 mm for patients <20 years to 28.91 mm for patients >60 years. Conclusion: A statistically significant difference in SP length was observed between genders, with a significant increase in length with age. In the Indian population, an SP length greater than 28 mm should be considered elongated.
Evaluation of Root Dentin Removal and Apical Debris Extrusion during Root Canal Preparation Related to the Different Endodontic Access Cavities: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Modi Shreya , Joshi Chintan , Patel Aashray , Khunt Ankita , Parmar Anisha , Jadawala Kruti
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The restricted access cavity and the remaining roof of the pulp chamber may change the angle at which the instrument enters the root canal, which could have an impact on the effectiveness of chemo-mechanical canal preparation, potentially leading to endodontic mishaps. Aim: To evaluate the effect of the Traditional Endodontic Cavity (TEC) and Conservative Endodontic Cavity (CEC) on the amount of Root Dentin Removal (RDR) and the related Apical Debris Extrusion (ADE) in the curved root canals prepared with ProTaper Next (PTN) and TruNatomy (TN). Materials and Methods: The in-vitro study included a total of 120 extracted human mandibular molars, separated into four groups (n=30) based on the type of endodontic cavity and file used: TEC-TN, CEC-TN, TEC-PTN, and CEC-PTN. Before biomechanical preparation, Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans were taken. During the preparation, apically extruded debris was collected in Eppendorf tubes. After canal preparation, a post-CBCT scan was performed, and the RDR was evaluated by comparing the pre- and post-CBCT scans. To determine the amount of ADE, the weight of the clear tubes was subtracted from the weight of the tubes containing the debris. The data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey test. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Analysis and comparison of four groups each with n=-30 extracted mandibular molars was done in the present study. The CEC-PTN group showed the highest total RDR of 0.32. Additionally, the CEC-PTN group produced the highest ADE with statistically significant differences between the TECTN, CEC-TN, and TEC-PTN groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The CEC causes engagement of the rotary instrument with the dentinal wall, leading to RDR, debris production, and ultimately more ADE compared to TEC. The TN file caused less RDR and ADE in both endodontic access cavities compared to the PTN file.
Effects of Parental Migration on the Education Outcome of their Children: A Case of Sukuma Society in Tanzania
Authors: Gervas Imelda , Kalungwizi Vituce Jelacy , Lweyemamu Deus
Published: October 2023

The Purpose: To investigate the effects of parents’ migration on the schooling and education outcome of their children. The study was guided by three specific objectives, namely: (i) to find out the effects of parent migration on children's academic performance. (ii) to determine the awareness of immigrant parents towards their children academic outcome and lastly (iii) to analyze the strategies taken by different stakeholders to reduce the negative effect of migration towards children schooling and academic performance.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried in Ifakala District in Morogoro region in Tanzania from October 2022 to May 2023.

The Study Design: The study adopted a qualitative research approach with a case study design.

Research Methodology: Simple randomly sampling techniques with a total of 40 respondents were used to get the respondents. Interview, questionnaire and documentary review were used to get the desired information from the selected respondents. Questionnaire approach in data collection was used to collect information asking open ended questions to the respondents. The quantitative data were collected using interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine frequency, and percentage. Data gathered was presented in tables computed using Microsoft excel.

Results: With regards to specific objectives of this study, findings of the study showed that the main effects of parents’ migration on their children among Sukuma society at Morogoro Region are, truancy, drop out from school, poverty, health problem, additional responsibility, suscept to victims of crime, lack of appropriate care and low self-esteem and emotional difficult. It was concluded that the government should put some strategies which can help the parents to overcome the effects of parents’ migration to their children’ academic outcome through educating parents on how to live with their children and motivate in their academic performance at school.
Prevalence and Causes of Software Piracy among Tertiary Students in Ghana
Authors: Armah Gabriel Kofi , Agbedemnab Peter Awonnatemi , Laar David Sanka , Aabaah Iven
Published: October 2023

In the era of the Knowledge Economy, Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) have become a crucial aspect of the twenty-first-century environment. Software piracy, characterized by the unauthorized copying, downloading, sharing, selling, or installation of copyrighted software, remains a serious problem worldwide, and Ghana is no exception. Various forms of software piracy, such as software lifting, hard disk loading, counterfeiting, and unauthorized renting, are prevalent in the country, leading to negative economic consequences. These consequences include distorted competition, loss of tax revenue and jobs due to the absence of a legitimate market, and increased costs for recovery. The impact of software piracy affects the social well-being of the Ghanaian citizenry. This research aims to explore the causes and effects of software piracy in Ghana, especially among tertiary students, and proposes potential solutions. A quantitative survey design was used via an online questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 47 students in the tertiary institutions especially public universities in Ghana with backgrounds in IT and are familiar with evolving trends in IT. The findings revealed that software piracy is prevalent in the country as a result of a lack of awareness, poor economic conditions, and weak legal framework and/or enforcement. The study recommends increased public education and awareness, strict enforcement of laws related to software piracy, and the promotion of domestic software development as measures to address the menace.
RESENHA - "Cidade feminista: a luta pelo espaço em um mundo desenhado por homens" de Leslie Kern
Authors: Rodrigues Arthur Fachini
Published: October 2023

Essa resenha refere-se ao livro “Cidade feminista: a luta pelo espaço em um mundo desenhado por homens” da escritora canadense Leslie Kern, lançado em 2021 pela Editora Oficina Raquel. Neste livro a autora problematiza a cidade e espaços urbanos, através de experiências pessoais, de olhares de mulheres e de gênero; e com o olhar da perspectiva da geografia feminista. A resenha destaca questionamentos e reflexões da autora, na qual ela compartilha experiências as quais vivenciou, como jovem, mãe, ativista e acadêmica, em diversos momentos de sua vida na cidade.
MAPPING THE BACKLASH AGAINST WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND GENDER JUSTICE IN THE BOLSONARO ERA (2019-2022)
Authors: Sardenberg Cecília , Mano Maíra Kubik , Sacchet Teresa
Published: October 2023

In January, 2020, the Nucleus of Interdisciplinary Studies on Women – NEIM, of the Federal University of Bahia, initiated a new partnership with the Institute of Development Studies – IDS, and a group of other institutions, to develop the action-research program, Countering the Backlash project, Reclaiming Gender Justice, in our countries. One of the venues of this research was the mapping of policies and practices regarding these issues throughout the life of the program (which, given the delays caused by the Covid 19 pandemics, will run for six years). Thus, after undertaking a literature review of such issues in Brazil, we chose to map and analyze four areas in which the backlash – and the counter-backlash – against women’s rights and gender justice have been especially intense during the period of the Bolsonaro government in Brazil (2019-2023): a) conditional cash transfers; sexual and reproductive rights; gender-based violence; and education and culture (Sardenberg; Mano; Sacchet, 2020).  In this report, we bring an updating of policies and practices on these issues, covering the period between May, 2021, through July, 2022. This corresponds still to the period of the Covid-19 pandemics, but one in which vaccines to combat it were available and applied free of cost to all the population that sought it. Yet, as we shall see ahead, it was a period still marked by unemployment, famine, increased rates of violence against women, particularly domestic violence, and an anti-gender standing on the part of government and institutional violence against women’s sexual and reproductive rights
Exploratory Tau Biomarker Results From a Multiple Ascending-Dose Study of BIIB080 in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Edwards Amanda L. , Collins Jessica A. , Junge Candice , Kordasiewicz Holly , Mignon Laurence , Wu Shuang , Li Yumeng , Lin Lin , DuBois Jonathan , Hutchison R. Matthew , Ziogas Nick , Shulman Melanie , Martarello Laurent , Graham Danielle , Lane Roger , Budd Haeberlein Samantha , Beaver John
Published: October 2023

Importance

Accumulation of hyperphosphorylated, tangled microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD) associated with disease progression and cognitive decline.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of tau synthesis reduction on tau biomarkers in patients with mild AD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This randomized clinical trial was a double-blind, placebo-controlled 36-week multiple-ascending dose (MAD) phase 1b trial (October 2017 to September 2020), followed by a 64- or 71-week open-label long-term extension (LTE) (October 2019 to May 2022). After being assessed for eligibility at 12 sites in Canada and Europe, participants with mild AD and confirmed amyloid pathology were randomized 3:1 (BIIB080:placebo) in 4 dose cohorts.

Intervention

Intrathecal administration of BIIB080, a MAPT-targeting antisense oligonucleotide, or placebo. Active dose arms included 10 mg every 4 weeks, 30 mg every 4 weeks, 60 mg every 4 weeks, and 115 mg every 12 weeks during the MAD period and 60 mg every 12 weeks or 115 mg every 12 weeks during the LTE.

Main Outcome and Measures

The original primary end point was safety. Additionally, BIIB080, total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau181) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations were evaluated. Tau positron emission tomography (PET) was collected in a substudy, and standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were calculated in a priori-defined composite regions of interest.

Results

Of 102 participants assessed for eligibility, 46 participants with mild AD were enrolled; 23 (50%) were female, and mean (SD) age was 65.8 (5.70) years. BIIB080 was generally well tolerated and was associated with a dose-dependent reduction in CSF t-tau and p-tau181 in the MAD period (56% reduction; 95% CI, 50% to 62%; and 51% reduction; 95% CI, 38% to 63%, of CSF t-tau in the 2 higher-dose cohorts) that continued and/or was maintained through quarterly dosing in the LTE. Tau PET demonstrated reduced accumulation vs placebo at week 25 (n = 13). At week 100, tau PET showed a reduction from baseline across all regions assessed (n = 12), with the largest reductions from baseline observed in the temporal composite (−0.71 SUVR; 95% CI, −1.40 to −0.02). A moderate correlation was observed between model-predicted cumulative CSF drug exposure and tau PET change.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this randomized clinical trial, BIIB080 reduced tau biomarkers, including CSF t-tau, CSF p-tau181, and tau PET, which is associated with cognitive decline, in participants with mild AD. Effects of BIIB080 on biomarkers and clinical outcomes are being further evaluated in a phase 2 trial.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03186989
Nanobdellia
Authors: Kato Shingo , Itoh Takashi , Ohkuma Moriya
Published: October 2023

Na.no.bdel'li.a. N.L. fem. n.
Nanobdella
, the type genus of the type order of the class; L. neut. pl. n. suff. ‐
ia
, ending to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Nanobdellia
, the class
Nanobdella
.

Nanobdellota / Nanobdellia

Currently,
Nanobdellia
(formerly called “
Nanoarchaeia
”) contains solely the order with the validly published name
Nanobdellales
and several order‐level clades of uncultured archaea. Cultivated members of this class are obligate symbionts, only growing in coculture with their specific archaeal hosts. Depending on their hosts, they grow under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Cells are small cocci and occur singly or attached to the cell surface of their hosts. The genome size of the members of this order range between 0.49 and 0.67 Mb.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 24.2–32.2.

Type order
:
Nanobdellales
Kato et al. 2022
VP
.
Nanobdellaceae
Authors: Kato Shingo , Itoh Takashi , Ohkuma Moriya
Published: October 2023

Na.no.bdel.la.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Nanobdella
, the type genus of the family; L. fem. pl. n. suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Nanobdellaceae
, the family
Nanobdella
.

Nanobdellota / Nanobdellia / Nanobdellales / Nanobdellaceae

Currently,
Nanobdellaceae
is the sole family of the order
Nanobdellales
and contains the sole genus
Nanobdella
including the only species with a validly published name,
Nanobdella aerobiophila
. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the genera
“Nanopusillus”
and “
Nanoclepta
” should be included in this family. Although these genera were described earlier than
Nanobdella
, their names have not been validly published. Thus, these genera cannot serve as the nomenclatural types of the higher taxa. Members of this family are obligately symbiotic, only growing in coculture with their specific archaeal hosts. Depending on their hosts, they grow under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Cells are small cocci and occur singly or attached to the cell surface of their hosts. The genome size of the members of this family range between 0.58 and 0.67 Mb.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 24.2–32.2.

Type genus
:
Nanobdella
Kato et al. 2022
VP
.
Anatilimnocola
Authors: Dedysh Svetlana N. , Ivanova Anastasia A. , Kulichevskaya Irina S.
Published: October 2023

A.na.ti.lim.no'co.la. L. fem. n.
anas
, duck; Gr. fem. n.
limnê
, water, ditch; L. masc./fem. n. suff.
‐cola
, an inhabitant, dweller; N.L. fem. n.
Anatilimnocola
, an inhabitant of a duck pond.

Planctomycetota / Planctomycetia / Pirellulales / Pirellulaceae / Anatilimnocola

The genus
Anatilimnocola
accommodates bacteria with a Gram‐stain‐negative cell envelope and ellipsoidal‐ to pear‐shaped cells, which occur singly, in pairs, in aggregates, or in characteristic flower‐shaped rosettes. Cell division occurs by means of polar budding; daughter cells are motile, while mature cells are nonmotile. Cells are covered by bundles of fimbriae; crateriform‐like structures are distributed on a reproductive cell pole. Stalks are not formed. Colonies are small and unpigmented. These bacteria are mesophilic aerobic chemoorganotrophs, which utilize sugars and some polysaccharides. The major fatty acids are C
18:1
ω9
c
, C
16:0
, and C
16:1
ω7
c
. The major polar lipids are diacylglyceryl‐(
N
,
N
,
N
)‐trimethylhomoserine lipids. The genus belongs to the phylum
Planctomycetota
, class
Planctomycetia,
order
Pirellulales
, and family
Pirellulaceae
. The type species is
Anatilimnocola aggregata
. The main habitats of these bacteria are eutrophic freshwater bodies.

DNA G
 + 
C content
(
mol%
): 57.8 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Anatilimnocola aggregata
Kallscheuer et al. 2021, VL208.
Nanobdellales
Authors: Kato Shingo , Itoh Takashi , Ohkuma Moriya
Published: October 2023

Na.no.bdel.la'les. N.L. fem. n.
Nanobdella
, the type genus of the order; L. fem. pl. n. suff. ‐
ales
, ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Nanobdellales
, the order
Nanobdella
.

Nanobdellota / Nanobdellia / Nanobdellales

Currently,
Nanobdellales
is the sole order of the class
Nanobdellia
. This order contains the validly named family
Nanobdellaceae
and the family “
Nanoarchaeaceae
,” whose name has not been validated, as supported by phylogenetic analysis. Members of this order are obligately symbiotic, only growing in coculture with their specific archaeal hosts. Depending on their hosts, they grow under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Cells are small cocci and occur singly or attached to the cell surface of their hosts. The genome size of the members of this order range between 0.49 and 0.67 Mb.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 24.2–32.2.

Type genus
:
Nanobdella
Kato et al. 2022
VP
.
Serum neurofilament light chain and cognition decline in US elderly: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Chen Jun , Meng Chen , Zhou Lan , Liu Yong
Published: October 2023

Objective

Early identification of cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial. Neurofilament, a potential biomarker for neurological disorders, has gained attention. Our study aims to investigate the relationship between serum neurofilament light (sNfL) levels and cognitive function in elderly individuals in the United States.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study analyzed data from participants aged 60 and above in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2014). We collected sNfL levels, cognitive function tests, sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and other variables. Weighted multiple linear regression models examined the relationship between ln(sNfL) and cognitive scores. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) visualization explored nonlinear relationships. The stratified analysis examined subgroups' ln(sNfL) and cognitive function association.

Results

The study included 446 participants (47.73% male). Participants with ln(sNfL) levels between 2.58 and 2.81 pg/mL (second quintile) performed relatively well in cognitive tests. After adjusting for multiple factors, ln(sNfL) levels were negatively correlated with cognitive function, with adjusted β (95% CI) as follows: immediate recall test (IRT): −0.763 (−1.301 to −0.224), delayed recall test (DRT): −0.308 (−0.576 to −0.04), animal fluency test (AFT): −1.616 (−2.639 to −0.594), and digit symbol substitution test (DSST): −2.790 (−4.369 to −1.21). RCS curves showed nonlinear relationships between ln(sNfL) and DRT, AFT, with inflection points around 2.7 pg/mL. The stratified analysis revealed a negative correlation between ln(sNfL) and cognition in specific subgroups with distinct features, with an interaction between diabetes and ln(sNfL).

Interpretation

Higher sNfL levels are associated with poorer cognitive function in the elderly population of the United States. sNfL shows promise as a potential biomarker for early identification of cognitive decline.
Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells with an Evaporated Ultra‐Thin Perovskite Absorber
Authors: Zhang Zongbao , Ji Ran , Jia Xiangkun , Wang Shu‐Jen , Deconinck Marielle , Siliavka Elena , Vaynzof Yana
Published: October 2023

Metal halide perovskites are of great interest for application in semitransparent solar cells due to their tunable bandgap and high performance. However, fabricating high‐efficiency perovskite semitransparent devices with high average visible transmittance (AVT) is challenging because of their high absorption coefficient. Here, a co‐evaporation process is adopted to fabricate ultra‐thin CsPbI3 perovskite films. The smooth surface and orientated crystal growth of the evaporated perovskite films make it possible to achieve 10 nm thin films with compact and continuous morphology without pinholes. When integrated into a p‐i‐n device structure of glass/ITO/PTAA/perovskite/PCBM/BCP/Al/Ag with an optimized transparent electrode, these ultra‐thin layers result in an impressive open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.08 V and a fill factor (FF) of 80%. Consequently, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.6% with an AVT above 50% is demonstrated, which is the first report for a perovskite device of a 10 nm active layer thickness with high VOC, FF and AVT. These findings demonstrate that deposition by thermal evaporation makes it possible to form compact ultra‐thin perovskite films, which are of great interest for future smart windows, light‐emitting diodes, and tandem device applications.