bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polarization multiplexing scattering imaging
Authors: Zhao Fu , Hu Yu-Yao , Wang Peng , Liu Jun ,   State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China,   College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai 201210, China
Published: June 2023

Imaging through scattering media, such as clouds, biological tissues, and seawater, has broad application prospects in transportation, medical diagnosis, and information technology. Researchers have proposed various techniques to obtain images from scattered light passing through the scattering media, among which speckle correlation imaging has developed rapidly. Speckle correlation imaging requires non-coherent light sources due to the requirement of memory effect. This requirement makes the imaging device complex, and the light source utilization rate low. Additionally, this method is limited in its application under the illumination of spatially coherent light sources. This paper proposes a new method of speckle correlation imaging based on the illumination of spatially coherent light, which is achieved by multiplexing different polarization direction speckle patterns, called polarization multiplexing scattering imaging. To achieve the decoherence of the light source, previous approaches have used a rotating scattering medium to generate time-varying speckle patterns that are integrated over the shutter time of the camera to eliminate coherent noise, or multiplexed wavelength-dependent speckle multiplexing to achieve this. This paper uses spatially incoherent light sources to obtain different polarization direction speckle patterns by rotating polarizers placed in the illumination path. These patterns are superimposed and averaged, and phase recovery algorithm is used to reconstruct the object image. This experiment uses Ping-Pang (PP) algorithm with fusion error reduction and hybrid input-output algorithm to reconstruct targets quickly and with high quality. The comparison of the reconstruction results of different numbers of reused speckle patterns demonstrates that using more speckle patterns can achieve better image quality. Compared with conventional speckle correlation imaging technology, the proposed method reduces the requirements of light sources, improves the utilization rate of light sources, and makes the device simpler and more compact. Experimental results show that this method is feasible and has strong environmental adaptability, which can expand the application scope of speckle correlation imaging methods.
Genome editing of an African elite rice variety confers resistance against endemic and emerging Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strains
Authors: Schepler-Luu Van , Sciallano Coline , Stiebner Melissa , Ji Chonghui , Boulard Gabriel , Diallo Amadou , Auguy Florence , Char Si Nian , Arra Yugander , Schenstnyi Kyrylo , Buchholzer Marcel , Loo Eliza PI , Bilaro Atugonza L , Lihepanyama David , Mkuya Mohammed , Murori Rosemary , Oliva Ricardo , Cunnac Sebastien , Yang Bing , Szurek Boris , Frommer Wolf B
Published: June 2023

Bacterial leaf blight (BB) of rice, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), threatens global food security and the livelihood of small-scale rice producers. Analyses of Xoo collections from Asia, Africa and the Americas demonstrated complete continental segregation, despite robust global rice trade. Here, we report unprecedented BB outbreaks in Tanzania. The causative strains, unlike endemic African Xoo, carry Asian-type TAL effectors targeting the sucrose transporter SWEET11a and iTALes suppressing Xa1. Phylogenomics clustered these strains with Xoo from Southern-China. African rice varieties do not carry effective resistance. To protect African rice production against this emerging threat, we developed a hybrid CRISPR-Cas9/Cpf1 system to edit all known TALe-binding elements in three SWEET promoters of the East African elite variety Komboka. The edited lines show broad-spectrum resistance against Asian and African strains of Xoo, including strains recently discovered in Tanzania. The strategy could help to protect global rice crops from BB pandemics.
Glial-dependent clustering of voltage-gated ion channels in Drosophila precedes myelin formation
Authors: Rey Simone , Ohm Henrike , Moschref Frederieke , Zeuschner Dagmar , Praetz Marit , Klämbt Christian
Published: June 2023

Neuronal information conductance often involves the transmission of action potentials. The spreading of action potentials along the axonal process of a neuron is based on three physical parameters: the axial resistance of the axon, the axonal insulation by glial membranes, and the positioning of voltage-gated ion channels. In vertebrates, myelin and channel clustering allow fast saltatory conductance. Here, we show that in Drosophila melanogaster voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels, Para and Shal, co-localize and cluster in an area resembling the axon initial segment. The local enrichment of Para but not of Shal localization depends on the presence of peripheral wrapping glial cells. In larvae, relatively low levels of Para channels are needed to allow proper signal transduction and nerves are simply wrapped by glial cells. In adults, the concentration of Para increases and is prominently found at the axon initial segment of motor neurons. Concomitantly, these axon domains are covered by a mesh of glial processes forming a lacunar structure that possibly serves as an ion reservoir. Directly flanking this domain glial processes forming the lacunar area appear to collapse and closely apposed stacks of glial cell processes can be detected, resembling a myelin-like insulation. Thus, Drosophila development may reflect the evolution of myelin which forms in response to increased levels of clustered voltage-gated ion channels.
Diminishing neuronal acidification by channelrhodopsins with low proton conduction
Authors: Hayward Rebecca Frank , Brooks F. Phil , Yang Shang , Gao Shiqiang , Cohen Adam E
Published: June 2023

Many channelrhodopsins are permeable to protons. We found that in neurons, activation of a high-current channelrhodopsin, CheRiff, led to significant acidification, with faster acidification in the dendrites than in the soma. Experiments with patterned optogenetic stimulation in monolayers of HEK cells established that the acidification was due to proton transport through the opsin, rather than through other voltage-dependent channels. We identified and characterized two opsins which showed large photocurrents, but small proton permeability, PsCatCh2.0 and ChR2-3M. PsCatCh2.0 showed excellent response kinetics and was also spectrally compatible with simultaneous voltage imaging with QuasAr6a. Stimulation-evoked acidification is a possible source of disruptions to cell health in scientific and prospective therapeutic applications of optogenetics. Channelrhodopsins with low proton permeability are a promising strategy for avoiding these problems.Acidification is an undesirable artifact of optogenetic stimulation. Low proton-permeability opsins minimize this artifact while still allowing robust optogenetic control.
β-Carotene accelerates the resolution of atherosclerosis in mice
Authors: Pinos Ivan , Coronel Johana , Albakri Asma'a , Blanco Amparo , McQueen Patrick , Molina Donald , Sim JaeYoung , Fisher Edward A , Amengual Jaume
Published: June 2023

β-Carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) catalyzes the cleavage of β-carotene to form vitamin A. Besides its role in vision, vitamin A regulates the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune cell differentiation. BCO1 activity is associated with the reduction of plasma cholesterol in humans and mice, while dietary β-carotene reduces hepatic lipid secretion and delays atherosclerosis progression in various experimental models. Here we show that β-carotene also accelerates atherosclerosis resolution in two independent murine models, independently of changes in body weight gain or plasma lipid profile. Experiments in Bco1-/- mice implicate vitamin A production in the effects of β-carotene on atherosclerosis resolution. To explore the direct implication of dietary β-carotene on regulatory T cells (Tregs) differentiation, we utilized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody infusions. Our data show that β-carotene favors Treg expansion in the plaque, and that the partial inhibition of Tregs mitigates the effect of β-carotene on atherosclerosis resolution. Our data highlight the potential of β-carotene and BCO1 activity in the resolution of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Bias in FGFR1 signaling in response to FGF4, FGF8, and FGF9
Authors: Karl Kelly , Del Piccolo Nuala , Light Taylor , Roy Tanaya , Dudeja Pooja , Ursachi Vlad-Constantin , Fafilek Bohumil , Krejci Pavel , Hristova Kalina
Published: June 2023

FGFR1 signals differently in response to the fgf ligands FGF4, FGF8 and FGF9, but the mechanism behind the differential ligand recognition is poorly understood. Here, we use biophysical tools to quantify multiple aspects of FGFR1 signaling in response to the three FGFs: potency, efficacy, bias, ligand-induced oligomerization and downregulation, and conformation of the active FGFR1 dimers. We find that the three ligands exhibit distinctly different potencies and efficacies for inducing signaling responses in cells. We further find that FGF8 is a biased ligand, as compared to FGF4 and FGF9. This bias is evident in the phosphorylation of FGFR1 and associated proteins, as well as in FGFR1-mediated functional responses. Our data suggest that the FGF bias arises due to structural differences in the FGF-FGFR1 dimers, which impact the interactions of the FGFR1 transmembrane helices, leading to differential recruitment and activation of the downstream signaling adaptor FRS2. This study expands the mechanistic understanding of FGF signaling during development and brings the poorly understood concept of receptor tyrosine kinase ligand bias into the spotlight.
A timeline of bacterial and archaeal diversification in the ocean
Authors: Martinez-Gutierrez Carolina A , Uyeda Josef C , Aylward Frank O
Published: June 2023

Microbial plankton play a central role in marine biogeochemical cycles, but the timing in which abundant lineages diversified into ocean environments remains unclear. Here, we reconstructed the timeline in which major clades of bacteria and archaea colonized the ocean using a high-resolution benchmarked phylogenetic tree that allows for simultaneous and direct comparison of the ages of multiple divergent lineages. Our findings show that the diversification of the most prevalent marine clades spans throughout a period of 2.2 Ga, with most clades colonizing the ocean during the last 800 million years. The oldest clades – SAR202, SAR324, Ca. Marinimicrobia, and Marine Group II – diversified around the time of the Great Oxidation Event, during which oxygen concentration increased but remained at microaerophilic levels throughout the Mid-Proterozoic, consistent with the prevalence of some clades within these groups in oxygen minimum zones today. We found the diversification of the prevalent heterotrophic marine clades SAR11, SAR116, SAR92, SAR86, and Roseobacter as well as the Marine Group I to occur near to the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event (0.8–0.4 Ga). The diversification of these clades is concomitant with an overall increase of oxygen and nutrients in the ocean at this time, as well as the diversification of eukaryotic algae, consistent with the previous hypothesis that the diversification of heterotrophic bacteria is linked to the emergence of large eukaryotic phytoplankton. The youngest clades correspond to the widespread phototrophic clades Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and Crocosphaera, whose diversification happened after the Phanerozoic Oxidation Event (0.45–0.4 Ga), in which oxygen concentrations had already reached their modern levels in the atmosphere and the ocean. Our work clarifies the timing at which abundant lineages of bacteria and archaea colonized the ocean, thereby providing key insights into the evolutionary history of lineages that comprise the majority of prokaryotic biomass in the modern ocean.
Supply chain resource scheduling optimization of e-commerce enterprises in international trade based on mobile edge computing
Authors: Dong Qingxia , Chen Nana , Wang Shuai
Published: June 2023

The cross-border e-commerce supply chain network (CBESCN) has extensive geographical coverage, trade barriers and complexity of cross-border logistics issues, which makes its construction and development face many challenges. This article focuses on solving the operation optimisation problem of CBESCN under the background of the Internet of Things. A genetic algorithm constructed and solved the resource scheduling model of the supply chain of e-commerce enterprises in international trade. In addition, the mobile edge computing (MEC) optimisation scheme based on partial computation unloading is involved. The initial offload ratio is set and supply chain resources are allocated, then the remaining computing resources are distributed according to the server’s computing power. Finally, the offload is optimised according to the resource allocation. The experimental results show that time delay and cost adjustment strategies can improve the CBE supply chain’s comprehensive ability. The supply chain optimisation scheme proposed in this article can effectively use supply chain resources according to the requirements of computing tasks to reduce the total delay of task execution and the consumption of node computing.
Reliability of sonographic measurements of the ulnar collateral ligament: a multi-rater prospective study
Authors: Felton Shawn D. , Van Duijn Arie J. , Cordova Mitchell L.
Published: June 2023

Background

The use of sonography is a cost-effective and reliable method to evaluate upper extremity superficial tissue structural integrity and pathology. Establishing the measurement reliability of widely used diagnostic ultrasound evaluation for musculoskeletal assessment is paramount enhance accurate clinical evaluations. The objective of this study was to establish the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of select ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) thickness measures at two distinct anatomical locations in intercollegiate baseball athletes using ultrasound imaging (USI).

Methods

This was a prospective cohort study conducted in a university research laboratory and included a total of 17 NCAA Division I baseball athletes (age 20.4 ± 1.43, height = 183.63 cm ± 6.27 cm, mass = 89.28 kg ± 8.24 kg). Two trained clinicians measured UCL mid-substance and apex thickness in the throwing extremity, prospectively, on 5 occasions at 1-month intervals during rest. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) (model 3,3), associated standard error of measurement, and 95% minimal detectable change in thickness were derived.

Results

Intrarater reliability estimates for operator 1 were 0.90–0.98 (mid-substance) and 0.91–0.99 (apex). Operator 2’s values were 0.92–0.97 and 0.93–0.99, respectively. The standard error of measurement (SEM) ranged from 0.045–0.071 cm (mid-substance) and 0.023–0.067 cm (apex). The minimal detectable difference (MDD95) was 0.12–0.20 cm (mid-substance) and 0.07–0.19 cm (apex). Interrater reliability was 0.86–0.96 (mid-substance) and 0.79–0.98 (apex); most ICCs were >0.90. Measurement of UCL thickness at two locations demonstrated very good to excellent reliability with high precision. Using this protocol, two evaluators can obtain consistent UCL measurement at two positions. This finding has significant implications for the clinical evaluation of superficial tissue pathology of the same individual by two experienced practitioners.
Assessment of aquatic food web and trophic niche as a measurement of recovery function in restored mangroves in the Southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Soria-Barreto Miriam , Pérez-Ceballos Rosela , Zaldívar-Jiménez Arturo , Gelabert Fernández Rolando
Published: June 2023

Mangroves are coastal wetlands with high biodiversity and productivity, with great interaction with coastal environments. In the face of worldwide mangrove loss, restoration projects attempt to recover ecosystem composition and functioning over time. Our objective was to examine and compare the food webs in mangrove areas with different restoration times and in a reference mangrove in Términos Lagoon, Mexico. We estimated the trophic structure, identified the carbon resources that maintain aquatic consumers through the analysis of stable isotopes, and compared the trophic niche of the restored mangroves with the reference mangrove. We analyzed environmental variables, trophic structure, and contributions of resources during three seasons: rainy, dry, and “nortes”. Environmental changes and food structure changed in response to regional seasons. Bayesian mixing models indicated that food webs varied seasonally as a response to the primary productivity developed at Términos Lagoon. As expected, the assimilation of C3 plants in the reference mangrove was highest, as a primary (“nortes” season) and secondary resource (dry and rainy seasons). The restored mangroves depended mainly on allochthonous resources (seagrass, epiphytes, and phytoplankton). The assimilation of these resources highlighted the importance of connectivity and the input of sources of carbon from nearby coastal environments. Trophic niche analysis showed that the area with longer restoration time was more similar to the reference mangrove, which is evidence of the importance and efficacy of the restoration process, as well as the restoration of the ecosystem function over time.
Digital Dentures- The Future of Complete Dentures in Oral Rehabilitation
Authors: Chabra Gokul Subhash , Nimonkar Sharayu , Belkhode Vikram , Mundhada Krishna , Madhu Priyanka Paul
Published: June 2023

The conventional method of fabricating Complete Dentures (CDs) consists of many clinical and laboratory steps, making it more susceptible to certain problems and inevitable errors. With the advances in the field of technology, these errors can be avoided or minimised. Digital technology making use of computers for designing and or manufacturing CDs is referred to as digital dentures. In this, entire dentures are made by machining the denture’s bases using Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/ CAM). Technology’s quick development in the form of CAD/CAM has had a significant impact on all areas of dentistry, but notably prosthodontics and restorative dentistry. This system has not only simplified the process of fabrication of CDs but also reduced the clinical chairside time, number of dental appointments and helped to deliver error free dentures. It also helps to store the data in digital form which can be utilised further for fabricating other sets of dentures for that particular patient. The most important advantage over conventional denture is that, it lacks polymerisation shrinkage of the acrylic resin and exhibit high strength. Furthermore, it also eliminates laboratory work time. The provision of prosthodontic treatment requires the patient, a qualified physician, and competent laboratory personnel on various levels. The goal of the current review article was to demonstrate how modern technology may replace the traditional approach not only by making labour easier but, also by enabling precise full denture production.
Ameliorative Effect of Grape Seed Oil on Aluminium Chloride Induced Neurotoxicity on Rats
Authors: Muralidharan P. , Swetha C.
Published: June 2023

Aims: Neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by progressive loss of structure and function of neurons. Exposure to aluminum causes neurodegenerative disorders like dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study was designed to examine the ameliorative effect of grape seed oil extraction aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats.

Methodology: Wistar rats were administered with aluminium chloride (175 mg/kg. p.o.) for 28 days to generate neurotoxicity model. Attenuation effect of grape seed oil against aluminium chloride toxicity by oral administration adjunctly from day 18. Behavioral and locomotor activity was determined using passive avoidance test, open field test, actophotometer and rota rod test. Biochemical parameter such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity andsuperoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity were assessed in brain samplesand histology of brain tissue were assessed on the final day of the experiment.

Results: Aluminium chloride treatment significantly decreases cognitive function and open field test with a significance decrease in the acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant (SOD, CAT, GR) activity level. Also, the histopathological examination shows significance decrease in the neuronal cell density in hippocampal region. Grape seed oil treated with aluminum chloride neurotoxic groups alleviates all the toxicity induced by the aluminum chloride. Histopathological studies in the hippocampus and cortex of the rat brain also supported that the grape seed oil markedly reduced the toxicity of aluminium chloride.

Conclusion: Supplementation of grape seed oilexhibited with beneficial and neuroprotective role on aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rat modelby improving the cognitive memory and antioxidant enzyme level.
Strategic Planning in Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bantilan Jecyl C. , Deguito Prima O. , Otero Archie S. , Regidor Analyn R. , Junsay Marilou D.
Published: June 2023

Problems in the educational system must be addressed immediately given their adverse effects on school operations. In dealing with these matters, strategic planning plays a vital role in creating a specific plan of action to overcome organizational issues. Thus, this systematic review explored the various literature on strategic planning in education through the PRISMA framework. Studies included in this review are focused on the challenges, processes, and impact of strategic planning in educational institutions written in the English language and conducted between 2020 and 2022 from Google Scholar. Out of 131 records identified from database searching, fifteen articles from eight countries revealed three themes for the challenges of strategic planning, namely: lack of knowledge and skills in strategic planning, improper conduct of strategic planning, and low level of stakeholder involvement in strategic planning. The analysis also showed three themes for the process of strategic planning, namely: considering organizational vision, mission, goals, and objectives, involving stakeholders in strategic planning, and evaluating the internal and external environment. Finally, the two themes about the impact of strategic planning are gaining a competitive advantage and determining the organization's present and future course. These findings necessitate the conduct of strategic planning to improve educational organization. However, schools had trouble conducting it properly. Therefore, future researchers may explore more strategies to overcome the said problems. They can also delve into issues, perspectives, and techniques of strategic planning during the implementation of a full face-to-face learning modality to examine challenges and adjustments of plans amidst transition.
Effect of Galangal (Alpinia galanga L.) Rhizome for the Health of Cultured Fish
Authors: Rosidah
Published: June 2023

For fish farmers, the disease are the biggest cause of loss. In an effort to control the disease is often done by using synthetic antibiotics. The continuous use of synthetic antibiotics with uncontrolled doses can lead to resistance of pathogenic microbes to these antibiotics, accumulation of antibiotics in the aquatic environment and fish bodies which is certainly dangerous for human health and other aquatic biota. The use of herbal ingredients is the right strategy for disease control in fish, because it is relatively safer and cheaper. Medicinal ingredients derived from plants have been used for thousands of years as traditional medicine by people in various parts of the world. This traditional medicine is widely used by the community not only for treatment (curative), but also as an alternative to prevent disease, to rehabilitation and also to increase immunity and health. Galangal rhizome contains several chemical compounds, namely phenols/tannins, quinones, steroids/triterpenoids, flavonoids. Based on the phytochemical content, galangal rhizome has several pharmacological property that are useful for human health, namely as antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, antioxidant, immunostimulant, anti-ulcerative, anti-tumor, and anti-allergenic activities. In addition, galangal (Alpinia galanga L.) rhizomes can improve growth and feed efficiency. The purpose of this article is to describe the extent to which galangal rhizomes can be used to maintain the health of cultured fish. Based on the previou studies, galangal rhizome is potential and effective for maintaining fish health, because the antibacterial properties of legkuas rhizome can treat several species of cultured fish Cyprinus carpio, Oreochromis niloticusand Clarias gariepinus which are infected with the pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophilla. In vitro test results of galangal rhizome are bacteriostatic against pathogenic bacteria in fish, namely Edwardsiella tarda. The antifungal properties of galangal rhizomes can treat Oreochromis niloticus, Kryptoterus bicirrhis, Osphronemus gouramy and Borbonymus gonionotus infested with fungus Saprolegnia sp. As an immunostimulant, galangal rhizome is able to prevent eggs and fry of C. gariepinus from being attacked by Saprolegniasp, Pseudomnas sp. and A. hydrophilla.
Integrated Nutrient Management in Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) for Enhancing Soil Health
Authors: Sarkar Prasendip , David Arun Alfred , Thomas Tarence , Reddy Iska Srinath
Published: June 2023

Integrated nutrient management (INM) is a holistic approach that involves the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers to improve soil health and crop productivity. The research study was conducted to demonstrate the effective use of INM on soil health in Green gram. We used a randomized block design (RBD) with four levels of poultry manure @ 0, 50, 75 and 100% ha-1, four levels of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium@ 0, 50, 75 and 100% ha-1 and rhizobium seed treatment. The revealed that treatment T9 (N20P40K40 kg ha-1 + PM @ 5 t ha-1 and Rhi @ 200g 10 kg-1 Seed) resulted in a slight change in soil pH 6.82, electrical conductivity (EC) 0.198 dS m-1. In post-harvest soil of fertilizers observations showed significant increase in pore space 49.20 %, water holding capacity 47.59 %, organic carbon 0.49 %, and available N 334.23 kg ha-1, P 34.58 kg ha-1, K 202.83 kg ha-1. The increase in NPK was found to be significant (P<0.05) among other treatments in Green gram cultivation and soil quality improvement. The application of N P K with poultry manure was a magnificent source of fertilization.
Combined Effect of Vermicompost and Bonemeal on Growth and Yield of Radish (Raphanus sativus var. Hill Queen)
Authors: Yashvardhan Vidyasagar , Gautam Abhishek , Yadav Abhishek
Published: June 2023

The enquiry was done during rabi season from 21 November, 2022 to 26 January, 2023 at the research station of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture And Technology, Kalyanpur Kanpur, India .The cultivar was Hill Queen of radish (Raphanus sativus) which is one of the important variety of North Indian Plain of Indian Subcontinent. The organic fertilizer vermicompost and bonemeal as a combined effect was recorded on different aspect of growth and yield of the respected variety.

The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design on the total area of 150m2.This area was divided in two halves ,of which one half area was under Hill Queen variety with combined organic fertilizer application and the other area was allotted with no fertilizer application.

Considerable positive effect was recorded under the combined organic fertilizer on parameters like Diameter of the green foliage, Length of the roots, Diameter of the roots, Number of leaves, Total mass of the plant and Number of root hair development which is crucial for the later period of seed production. All the major parameters included had shown considerable increase and they have shown in the percentage from the counterpart of the experiment.
Influence of Sulphur and Spacing on Yield Attributes and Economics of Toria (Brassica campestris L.)
Authors: Soni Bhawna , Singh Rajesh
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. To study the Response of Sulphur and Spacing on growth and yield of Toria. The treatments consist of Sulphur 15, 30, 45 kg/ha, and Spacing 20×15, 20×20, 25×20 cm. There were 10 treatments each replicated thrice. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.2) with EC-0.187 (dS/m), available N (178.48 kg/ha). Results revealed that highest number of siliquae/plant (216.19), seeds/ siliquae (23.67), test weight (3.64 gm), seed yield (1756.67 kg/ha), stover yield (3206.67 kg/ha) and harvest index (35.39 %) were recorded with application of Sulphur 45 kg/ha + Spacing 25×20 cm. Maximum gross returns (INR 96,580.00/ha), net returns (INR 66,045.00/ha) and B:C ratio (2.16) were also recorded in treatment-9 (Sulphur 45 kg/ha + Spacing 25×20 cm).
Influence of Nitrogen Levels and Biofertilizers on the Growth and Yield of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Panda Alok Kumar , Singh Rajesh
Published: June 2023

The field experiment entitled “Influence of Nitrogen levels and Biofertilizers on the growth and yield of French bean" was conducted during rabi season, 2022 at Crop Research Farm in the Department of agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh. The treatment consisted of two factors, Factor-1 levels of Nitrogen (75,100,125 kg/ha) and factor-2 Biofertilizers (Rhizobium, PSB & Rhizobium +PSB). The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. It was noticed that application of Nitrogen levels and Biofertilizers had a significant effect on Growth , yield, and yield parameters. Treatment-6 [Nitrogen 100 kg/ha + Rhizobium (10 g/kg of seed) + PSB (10 g/kg of seeds)] recorded maximum plant height (46.19 cm), dry weight (26.39 g), number of pods/plant (19.73), number of seeds/pod (5.08), seed yield (22.47 q/ha) and stover yield (50.08 q/ha).
Promising Combination Systemic Fungicides in Combating Basal Stem Rot Disease of Coconut
Authors: Surulirajan M. , Arunkumar R. , Mathirajan V. G. , Babu R. , Hegde Vinayak , Bhat Ravi
Published: June 2023

Basal stem rot disease is the most challenging disease in coconut crop, caused by Ganoderma lucidum. Combating the disease with new generation fungicides is a viable strategy for the promising disease control. Single and combination of new systemic fungicides in different commercial formulations were tested against the Ganoderma lucidum. Under in vitro study at 100, 250 and 500 ppm concentrations. The results revealed that Hexaconazole 4% + Carbendazim 16% SC, Hexaconazole 5% + Validamycin 2.5%SC and Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC W/W were found superior in inhibiting the mycelial growth of Ganoderma as compared to other fungicides. Per cent inhibition indicated the effectiveness of potent fungicides against the pathogen even at lower concentration.
Assessment of Soil Physico-chemical Properties in Direct Seeded Rice and Succeeding Lentil Crop under Integrated Nitrogen and Weed Management Practices in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Yadav Shiv Poojan , Singh Ramesh Kumar , Nayak Harsita
Published: June 2023

An experimentation was conducted during 2019-20 and 2020-21 at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, to evaluate the direct and residual effect of organic sources of nitrogen and weed management practices on various soil physico-chemical properties. The experiment was laid out in split plot arrangement having four nitrogen management treatments in main plot viz., Control (only P and K), RDF (150-60-60 kg ha-1 N-P2O5-K2O), 75% RDN (Inorganic) + 25% through FYM, 75% RDN (Inorganic) + 25% through Vermicompost and five weed management practices in subplots which consisted of Wheat residue as mulch (4 t ha-1) fb bispyribac Na 25 g a.i. ha-1 (2-4 leaf stage of weed), Pendimethalin 1 kg a.i. ha-1fb bispyribac Na 25 g a.i. ha-1 (2-4 leaf stage of weed), Sesbenia up to 30 days (Brown manuring), Two hand weeding (20 and 40 DAS) and Weedy check and replicated thrice. Results indicated that application of 25% nitrogen through farmyard manure in combination with 75% nitrogen through urea being at par with 75% RDN (Inorganic) + 25% through Vermicompost, brought significant improvement in soil chemical properties (electrical conductivity and pH) but physical property i.e., Bulk density did not turn significant after harvest of direct seeded rice. The treatment also recorded significantly maximum available soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compared to 100% nitrogen through urea and control treatment though remained comparable with 25% nitrogen through vermicompost along with 75% nitrogen through urea during both years. Whereas, in respect to the residual effect of organic sources, improvement in soil properties after harvest of succeeding residual lentil crop was observed, but failed to touch the level of significance in either year of study. Among weed management practices, maximum improvement in soil physicochemical properties was noticed with the use of Sesbania brown manuring for both years after harvest of rice as well as after harvest of succeeding lentil crop but the differences could not reach up to the level of significance.
Response of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Growth, Yield and Economics of Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Chaudhary Kiran , Debbarma Victor
Published: June 2023

The field experiment was conducted during rabi season, 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P) to study the “Response of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Growth, Yield and Economics of Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)". The results showed that treatment 9 [Nitrogen (100 kg/ha) + Phosphorus (50 kg/ha)] recorded significantly higher plant height (164.67 cm), maximum number of leaves/plant (15.24), maximum plant dry weight (75.81 g), maximum stem girth (3.33 cm), higher green forage yield (47.90 t/ha), maximum moisture content (84.02 %) and maximum crude protein content  (7.57 %) compare to other treatment. The maximum gross return (119750.00 INR/ha), maximum net return (83883.77 INR/ha) and highest B:C ratio (2.33) was also recorded in treatment 9 [Nitrogen (100 kg/ha) + Phosphorus (50 kg/ha)] as compared to other treatments.
Response of Sulphur and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)
Authors: Shiny Mandru , Singh Rajesh , Pradhan Akankhya
Published: June 2023

A field experiment entitled “Response of Sulphur and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Lentil” was conducted during Rabi season of 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. The soil in experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%). The treatments consist of three levels of Sulphur (20, 30, 40 kg/ha) and Zinc (5, 6, 7 kg/ha). The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. Application of Sulphur 40 kg/ha along with Zinc 7.0 kg/ha produces higher plant height (37.68 cm), number of nodules (19.25), plant dry weight (18.83 g/plant), crop growth rate (15.7 g/m2/day), number of pods/plant (148.77), number of seeds/pod (1.80), 1000 seed weight (25.27 g), seed yield (1.78 t/ha) and stover yield (3.05 t/ha).
Combination of soy protein isolate and calcium chloride inhibits browning and maintains quality of fresh-cut peaches
Authors: Han Peng , Guo Chun-Ping , Shui Guang-Ling , Pan Zhen-Yuan , Lin Hai-Rong , Tang Bing-Hui
Published: June 2023

Fresh-cut fruits are often more perishable and exhibit browning shortly after pulp is cut and exposed to natural atmosphere. In this study, fresh-cut peaches were treated with distilled water (control), 20 g L-1 soy protein isolate (SPI), 10 g L-1 calcium chloride (CaCl2) or 20 g L-1 soy protein isolate + 10 g L-1 calcium chloride (20 g L-1 SPI + 1.0 g L-1 CaCl2), respectively, and then stored at 0°C to assess the protective effects of these treatments on the qualities and the antioxidative system of fresh-cut peaches. The result showed that firmness, colour(∆E*) and soluble solid content (SSC) in fresh-cut peaches treated with 20 g L -1 SPI + 10 g L-1 CaCl2 were higher than control. Compared with other treatments, treatment with 20 g L-1 SPI + 10 g L-1 CaCl2 2 significantly decreased weight loss rate, bacterial growth, respiratory rate and ethylene emission of fresh-cut peaches. Treatment with 20 g L-1 SPI + 10 g L-1 CaCl2 also inhibited increase in browning degree, production of reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde and total phenols, and maintained higher activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, whereas inhibited the activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. These results suggest that treatment with 20 g L-1 SPI + 10 g L-1 CaCl2 enhanced antioxidant activities of fresh-cut peaches, inhibited browning, and was more effective in maintaining the quality of fresh cut peaches.
Keywords: Edible coating; Ethylene emission; Phenolic contents; Respiration rate; Active oxygen species
Public Health Experts Advise Clinicians to Be on the Lookout for New Mpox Cases
Authors: Malani Preeti N.
Published: June 2023

This Medical News article discusses signs of an mpox resurgence and updated prevention and treatment information.
The Case for Inclusion of a Lipid Panel in the Standard Precatheterization Laboratory Blood Draw—Stating What Should Be Obvious
Authors: Ranard Lauren S. , Duffy Eamon Y. , Kirtane Ajay J.
Published: June 2023

This Viewpoint describes the advantages of measuring a lipid panel before cardiac catheterization to optimize lipid-lowering therapy.
Erythrokeratodermia
Authors: Rozas-Muñoz Eduardo , Ramos-Arancibia Nelson , Madariaga Juan-Andres
Published: June 2023

This case report describes well-defined, polycyclic, and geographic hyperkeratotic plaques that involved the axillae, chest, flanks, inguinal folds, and buttocks.
Use of Wearable Devices in Individuals With or at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in the US, 2019 to 2020
Authors: Dhingra Lovedeep S. , Aminorroaya Arya , Oikonomou Evangelos K. , Nargesi Arash Aghajani , Wilson Francis Perry , Krumholz Harlan M. , Khera Rohan
Published: June 2023

Importance

Wearable devices may be able to improve cardiovascular health, but the current adoption of these devices could be skewed in ways that could exacerbate disparities.

Objective

To assess sociodemographic patterns of use of wearable devices among adults with or at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the US population in 2019 to 2020.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cross-sectional study included a nationally representative sample of the US adults from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). Data were analyzed from June 1 to November 15, 2022.

Exposures

Self-reported CVD (history of heart attack, angina, or congestive heart failure) and CVD risk factors (≥1 risk factor among hypertension, diabetes, obesity, or cigarette smoking).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Self-reported access to wearable devices, frequency of use, and willingness to share health data with clinicians (referred to as health care providers in the survey).

Results

Of the overall 9303 HINTS participants representing 247.3 million US adults (mean [SD] age, 48.8 [17.9] years; 51% [95% CI, 49%-53%] women), 933 (10.0%) representing 20.3 million US adults had CVD (mean [SD] age, 62.2 [17.0] years; 43% [95% CI, 37%-49%] women), and 5185 (55.7%) representing 134.9 million US adults were at risk for CVD (mean [SD] age, 51.4 [16.9] years; 43% [95% CI, 37%-49%] women). In nationally weighted assessments, an estimated 3.6 million US adults with CVD (18% [95% CI, 14%-23%]) and 34.5 million at risk for CVD (26% [95% CI, 24%-28%]) used wearable devices compared with an estimated 29% (95% CI, 27%-30%) of the overall US adult population. After accounting for differences in demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factor profile, and socioeconomic features, older age (odds ratio [OR], 0.35 [95% CI, 0.26-0.48]), lower educational attainment (OR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.24-0.52]), and lower household income (OR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.29-0.60]) were independently associated with lower use of wearable devices in US adults at risk for CVD. Among wearable device users, a smaller proportion of adults with CVD reported using wearable devices every day (38% [95% CI, 26%-50%]) compared with overall (49% [95% CI, 45%-53%]) and at-risk (48% [95% CI, 43%-53%]) populations. Among wearable device users, an estimated 83% (95% CI, 70%-92%) of US adults with CVD and 81% (95% CI, 76%-85%) at risk for CVD favored sharing wearable device data with their clinicians to improve care.

Conclusions and Relevance

Among individuals with or at risk for CVD, fewer than 1 in 4 use wearable devices, with only half of those reporting consistent daily use. As wearable devices emerge as tools that can improve cardiovascular health, the current use patterns could exacerbate disparities unless there are strategies to ensure equitable adoption.
Preliminary Evidence for Genetic Nurture in Depression and Neuroticism Through Polygenic Scores
Authors: Tubbs Justin D. , Sham Pak C.
Published: June 2023

Importance

Modeling genetic nurture (ie, the effects of parental genotypes through influences on the environment experienced by their children) is essential to accurately disentangle genetic and environmental influences on phenotypic variance. However, these influences are often ignored in both epidemiologic and genetic studies of depression.

Objective

To estimate the association of genetic nurture with depression and neuroticism.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study jointly modeled parental and offspring polygenic scores (PGSs) across 9 traits to test for the association of genetic nurture with lifetime broad depression and neuroticism using data from nuclear families in the UK Biobank, with data collected between 2006 and 2019. A broad depression phenotype was measured in 38 702 offspring from 20 905 independent nuclear families, with most of these participants also reporting neuroticism scores. Parental genotypes were imputed from sibships or parent-offspring duos and used to calculate parental PGSs. Data were analyzed between March 2021 and January 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Estimates of genetic nurture and direct genetic regression coefficients on broad depression and neuroticism.

Results

This study of 38 702 offspring with data on broad depression (mean [SD] age, 55.5 [8.2] years at study entry; 58% female) found limited preliminary evidence for a statistically significant association of genetic nurture with lifetime depression and neuroticism in adults. The estimated regression coefficient of the parental depression PGS on offspring neuroticism (β = 0.04, SE = 0.02, P = 6.63 × 10−3) was estimated to be approximately two-thirds (66%) that of the offspring’s depression PGS (β = 0.06, SE = 0.01, P = 6.13 × 10−11). Evidence for an association between parental cannabis use disorder PGS and offspring depression was also found (β = 0.08, SE = 0.03, P = .02), which was estimated to be 2 times greater than the association between the offspring’s cannabis use disorder PGS and their own depression status (β = 0.04, SE = 0.02, P = .07).

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this cross-sectional study highlight the potential for genetic nurture to bias results from epidemiologic and genetic studies on depression or neuroticism and, with further replication and larger samples, identify potential avenues for future prevention and intervention efforts.
Surface Effect on Phase Transformation of Single Crystal NiTi Shape Memory Alloys Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Liu Bingfei , Wang Yuyang , Li Junchao , Wu Wenping
Published: June 2023

Surface effect on phase transformation of single crystal (SC) NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) with various thicknesses and various Ni contents is studied by molecular dynamics simulation. For the SMAs with various thicknesses considering surface effect, the residual strain, the average atomic potential energy, and the four characteristic phase transformation temperatures all increase, and fewer twinned martensite boundaries are left after cooling compared to the sample without considering surface effect. Moreover, with increasing thickness of the sample, the surface effect is gradually weakened, and there is no obvious regularity in phase transformation characteristics. For the SMAs with various Ni contents considering surface effect, segmental martensite phase transformation, phase transformation fluctuation, and wider phase transformation temperature ranges are observed, whereas these phenomena do not occur in the sample without considering surface effect. With the increasing of Ni contents, for both cases of considering surface effect or not, the critical stress of phase transformation, average atomic potential energy, the modulus of detwinned martensite increase, but the phase transformation temperature and modulus of twinned martensite decrease.
Green‐Solvent‐Processed High‐Performance Ternary Organic Solar Cells Comprising a Highly Soluble and Fluorescent Third Component
Authors: Lu Hao , Ran Guangliu , Liu Yuqiang , Pei Zengliang , Liu Wenxu , Liu Yahui , Tang Zheng , Zhang Wenkai , Bo Zhishan
Published: June 2023

Nowadays, it is still a great challenge to obtain high‐performance green‐solvent‐processed organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, a ternary blend strategy (one donor and two acceptors, 1D/2A) is developed to solve the difficulty of film morphology modulation during the fabrication of high‐performance green‐solvent‐processed OSCs. A typical high‐performance halogenated‐solvent processable binary system D18:BTP‐eC9‐4F is selected as the host, its green‐solvents‐processed devices show an inferior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ≈16%. SM16 with two 3D shape persistent end groups is selected as the third component due to its high fluorescence quantum yield, reduced intermolecular interaction, good solubility, and moderate crystallinity. As a result, the ternary devices display bicontinuous interpenetrating networks, reduced energy loss, and suppressed charge carrier recombination losses. Hence, an excellent PCE of 18.20% is achieved for the D18:BTP‐eC9‐4F:SM16 ternary devices, which is much higher than D18:BTP‐eC9‐4F‐based binary ones and also one of the highest PCEs for the green‐solvents‐processed OSCs. Besides, this strategy also demonstrates a good universality for other binary systems and becomes an effective pathway for the development of green‐solvent processable high‐performance OSCs.