bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The transcription factor glass links eye field specification with photoreceptor differentiation in Drosophila
Authors: Bernardo-Garcia F. Javier , Fritsch Cornelia , Sprecher Simon G.
Published: March 2016

Eye development requires an evolutionarily conserved group of transcription factors, termed “retinal determination network” (RDN). However, little is known about the molecular mechanism by which the RDN instructs cells to differentiate into photoreceptors. We show that photoreceptor cell identity in Drosophila is critically regulated by the transcription factor Glass, which is primarily expressed in photoreceptors and whose role in this process was previously unknown. Glass is both required and sufficient for the expression of phototransduction proteins. Our results demonstrate that the RDN member Sine oculis directly activates glass expression, and that Glass activates the expression of the transcription factors Hazy and Otd. We identified hazy as a direct target of Glass. Induced expression of Hazy in the retina partially rescues the glass mutant phenotype. Together, our results provide a transcriptional link between eye field specification and photoreceptor differentiation in Drosophila, placing Glass at a central position in this developmental process.
Developmental origin of lung macrophage diversity
Authors: Tan Serena Y. S. , Krasnow Mark A.
Published: March 2016

Macrophages are specialized phagocytic cells, present in all tissues, which engulf and digest pathogens, infected and dying cells, and debris, and can recruit and regulate other immune cells and the inflammatory response and aid in tissue repair. Macrophage subpopulations play distinct roles in these processes and in disease, and are typically recognized by differences in marker expression, immune function, or tissue of residency. Although macrophage subpopulations in the brain have been found to have distinct developmental origins, the extent to which development contributes to macrophage diversity of other tissues and within tissues is not well understood. Here we investigate the development and maintenance of mouse lung macrophages by marker expression patterns, genetic lineage tracing and parabiosis. We show that macrophages populate the lung in three developmental waves, each giving rise to a distinct lineage. These lineages express different markers, reside in different locations, renew in different ways, and show little or no interconversion. Thus, development contributes significantly to lung macrophage diversity and targets each lineage to a different anatomical domain.
Deficiency of the placenta- and yolk sac-specific tristetraprolin family member ZFP36L3 identifies likely mRNA targets and an unexpected link to placental iron metabolism
Authors: Stumpo Deborah J. , Trempus Carol S. , Tucker Charles J. , Huang Weichun , Li Leping , Kluckman Kimberly , Bortner Donna M. , Blackshear Perry J.
Published: March 2016

The ZFP36L3 protein is a rodent-specific, placenta- and yolk sac-specific member of the tristetraprolin (TTP) family of CCCH tandem zinc finger proteins. These proteins bind to AU-rich elements in target mRNAs, and promote their deadenylation and decay. We addressed the hypotheses that the absence of ZFP36L3 would result in the accumulation of target transcripts in placenta and/or yolk sac, and that some of these would be important for female reproductive physiology and overall fecundity. Mice deficient in ZFP36L3 exhibited decreased neonatal survival rates, but no apparent morphological changes in the placenta or surviving offspring. We found Zfp36l3 to be paternally imprinted, with profound parent-of-origin effects on gene expression. The protein was highly expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast cells of the labyrinth layer of the placenta, and the epithelial cells of the yolk sac. RNA-Seq of placental mRNA from Zfp36l3 KO mice revealed many significantly up-regulated transcripts, whereas there were few changes in KO yolk sacs. Many of the up-regulated placental transcripts exhibited decreased decay rates in differentiated trophoblast stem cells derived from KO blastocysts. Several dozen transcripts were deemed high probability targets of ZFP36L3; these include proteins known to be involved in trophoblast and placenta physiology. The type 1 transferrin receptor mRNA was unexpectedly decreased in KO placentas, despite an increase in its stability in KO stem cells. This receptor is critical for placental iron uptake, and its decrease was accompanied by decreased iron stores in the KO fetus, suggesting that this intrauterine deficiency might have deleterious consequences in later life.
LHX2 is a direct NF-κB target gene that promotes primary hair follicle placode down-growth
Authors: Tomann Philip , Paus Ralf , Millar Sarah E. , Scheidereit Claus , Schmidt-Ullrich Ruth
Published: March 2016

The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) plays an essential role in epidermal appendage induction and morphogenesis. In the epidermis of mice lacking NF-κB activity, initiation of primary hair follicle pre-placode formation is observed, but these primitive structures fail to proliferate and generate placodes. NF-κB signaling is known to modulate activity of WNT and SHH signaling at early stages of hair follicle development, but these roles do not fully account for the phenotypes observed when this pathway is blocked. To identify additional NF-κB target genes we developed a novel method to isolate and transcriptionally profile primary hair follicle placodes with active NF-κB signaling. In parallel, we compared gene expression at the same developmental stage in embryos with compromised NF-κB signaling, and wild type littermate controls. In addition to corroborating established NF-κB functions, these analyses uncovered novel NF-κB target genes with potential roles in priming hair follicle placodes for down-growth. Of particular interest, we identify the LIM/homeobox transcription factor LHX2 as a direct NF-κB target gene in this system, and show that loss of LHX2 replicates a subset of the phenotypes seen in embryos with reduced NF-κB signaling. LHX2 and TGFβ2 knockout embryos exhibit very similar abnormalities in hair follicle development, including failure of E-cadherin suppression that is required for follicle down-growth. Consistent with this, we find that TGFβ2 signaling is deficient in embryos with either inhibited NF-κB signaling or loss of LHX2. Furthermore, although TGFβ2 is not a direct LHX2 target gene, we find that exogenous TGFβ2 rescues the hair follicle phenotypes of LHX2 knockout skin explants, indicating that it operates downstream of LHX2. These findings identify a novel NF-κB-LHX2-TGFβ2 signaling axis that is critical for primary hair follicle morphogenesis and may function more broadly in development and disease.
ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ
Authors: Mnimon Mnimon
Published: March 2016

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.
Η ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΔΙΠΛΩΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥ ΖΩΓΡΑΦΟΥ ΣΤΟΝ ΑΓΩΝΑ (1821-1827)
Authors: ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ - ΣΙΜΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ ΜΑΡΙΕΤΤΑ
Published: March 2016

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ΠΟΙΚΙΛΑ KPΙTIKA
Authors: ΠΡΟΜΠΟΝΑΣ ΙΩΑΝΝΗΣ Κ.
Published: March 2016

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ΟΙ ΤΑΡΑΧΕΣ ΣΤΗ ΣΥΡΑ ΤΟΝ ΑΠΡΙΛΙΟ ΤΟΥ 1830
Authors: ΓΕΩΡΓΟΠΟΥΛΑΚΗ - ΛΟΥΚΟΥ ΔΕΣΠΟΙΝΑ
Published: March 2016

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ΜΙΑ ΠΡΟΣΠΑΘΕΙΑ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΑΡΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΒΟΥΛΓΑΡΙΚΟΥ ΣΧΙΣΜΑΤΟΣ (ΝΟΕΜΒΡΙΟΣ 1912)
Authors: ΓΑΡΔΙΚΑ-ΚΑΤΣΙΑΔΑΚΗ ΕΛΕΝΗ
Published: March 2016

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Ο ΒΡΕΤΑΝΙΚΟΣ ΤΥΠΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΗ ΝΑΥΜΑΧΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΝΑΒΑΡΙΝΟΥ
Authors: ΛΟΥΛΕΣ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣ
Published: March 2016

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.
ΟΙ ΦΙΛΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΟΙ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΠΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΗ ΤΟΥ 1862. Ο ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΟΣ ΣΥΛΛΟΓΟΣ «ΡΗΓΑΣ ΦΕΡΡΑΙΟΣ»
Authors: ΛΙΑΚΟΣ ΑΝΤΩΝΗΣ
Published: March 2016

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Η ΑΣΗΜΑΝΤΗ ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ
Authors: ΒΕΡΕΜΗΣ Θ.
Published: March 2016

  Normal 0   false false false        MicrosoftInternetExplorer4  <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-fareast-language: EL; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.      /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}  
ΣΥΜΠΛΗΡΩΜΑΤΙΚΑ ΣΤΟΙΧΕΙΑ ΣΧΕΤΙΚΑ ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΤΑΣΗ ΤΟΥ Π. ΜΑΡΚΙΔΗ - ΠΟΥΛΙΟΥ ΠΑ ΕΓΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΗ ΤΥΠΟΓΡΑΦΕΙΟΥ ΣΤΑ ΕΠΤΑΝΗΣΑ
Authors: ΜΠΩΚΟΣ ΓΙΩΡΓΟΣ
Published: March 2016

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ΒΙΒΛΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΑ Α'
Authors: ΣΚΛΑΒΕΝΙΤΗΣ Τ. Ε.
Published: March 2016

  Normal 0   false false false        MicrosoftInternetExplorer4  <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-fareast-language: EL; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.      /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}  
ΧΡΟΝΙΚΟ ΤΗΣ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑΣ ΜΕΛΕΤΗΣ ΝΕΟΥ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ
Authors: Mnimon Mnimon
Published: March 2016

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ΑΝΕΚΔΟΤΑ ΚΕΙΜΕΝΑ ΓΥΡΩ ΑΠΟ ΤΟ ΚΙΝΗΜΑ ΤΗΣ 6ΗΣ ΜΑΡΤΙΟΥ 1933
Authors: ΒΕΡΕΜΗΣ ΘΑΝΟΣ
Published: March 2016

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Ο ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΟΣ ΠΟΛΥΖΩΙΔΗΣ ΚΑΙ Η ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΕΠΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΗ
Authors: ΓΑΡΔΙΚΑ ΚΑΤΕΡΙΝΑ
Published: March 2016

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Η ΚΑΤΑΛΗΨΗ ΤΗΣ ΚΑΛΑΜΑΤΑΣ ΑΠΟ ΤΟΥΣ ΜΑΝΙΑΤΕΣ ΤΟ 1831 ΚΑΙ Η ΕΠΕΜΒΑΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΓΑΛΛΩΝ ΣΤΙΣ ΔΙΕΝΕΞΕΙΣ ΤΩΝ ΕΛΛΗΝΩΝ
Authors: ΛΟΥΚΟΣ ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ Κ.
Published: March 2016

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.
ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ ΤΟΥ ΝΕΟΥ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ 1977
Authors: Mnimon Mnimon
Published: March 2016

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.
Advances in the prevention, management, and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Pletz Mathias W. , Rohde Gernot G. , Welte Tobias , Kolditz Martin , Ott Sebastian
Published: March 2016

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the infectious disease with the highest number of deaths worldwide. Nevertheless, its importance is often underestimated. Large cohorts of patients with CAP have been established worldwide and improved our knowledge about CAP by far. Therefore, current guidelines are much more evidence-based than ever before. This article discusses recent major studies and concepts on CAP such as the role of biomarkers, appropriate risk stratification to identify patients in need of hospitalisation or intensive care, appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy (including the impact of macrolide combination therapy and antibiotic stewardship), and CAP prevention with novel influenza and pneumococcal vaccines.
The process of rehabilitation of mined forest lands toward degraded forest ecosystem recovery in Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: SUDARMADJI TRIYONO , HARTATI WAHJUNI
Published: March 2016

Sudarmadji T, Hartati W. 2016. The process of rehabilitation of mined forest lands toward degraded forest ecosystemÂ recovery in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 185-191. An overview of mined forest lands at East and Central KalimantanÂ Indonesia was conducted to determine most important influencing factors supporting degraded forest ecosystem recovery. Consecutivestages of rehabilitation processes consist of reclamation-backfilling, re-contouring, re-shaping, topsoils spreading, and revegetationland preparation, planting, maintenance covering minimum topsoils spreading, soil acidity, plant hole size, soil improvement application (dolomite, organic-inorganic fertilizers),Â vegetation plantingÂ vegetation planting (plant species selection-quality and site matching-verified plantmaterial sources, hardening-off, planting techniques), and land management implementation. The potential degraded forest ecosystem recovery was shown by cover crops and fast growing species plant and undergrowths, survive primary species, decreasing surface runoff/overlandÂ flowsÂ followingÂ increasingÂ soilÂ infiltrationÂ capacities,Â decreasingÂ soilÂ erosionÂ rateÂ andÂ itâ€™sÂ erosionÂ hazard,Â andÂ anÂ improvedÂ environments as habitat for invading wildlifes. The general characteristics of potential degraded forest ecosystem recovery after rehabilitation processes are: spread soil materials thickness > 70 cm, bulk density + 1,2 g.ml-1, soil acidity > 5,5, macro nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg)-low to moderate, decreasing overland water flow following increasing soil infiltration capacity-moderate to high, decreasing soil erosion rate-very low to moderate, decreasing erosion hazard level-very slight to moderate, growing plants of fast growing species with significant layers and land cover, and growing interline planted primary species. Viewed from the ecological aspect, in the revegetated degraded forest lands wildlife such as insects, birds, reptiles, amphibians and small mammals were found feeding and alsopermanently living in ecosystem regeneration following gradual habitat improvement. The ecosystem status was identified as a progression towards degraded forest ecosystem recovery.
Consensus Statement on Electronic Health Predictive Analytics: A Guiding Framework
to Address Challenges
Authors: Amarasingham Ruben , Audet Anne-Marie J. , Bates David W. , Cohen I. Glenn , Entwistle Martin , Escobar G. J. , Liu Vincent , Etheredge Lynn , Lo Bernard , Ohno-Machado Lucila , Ram Sudha , Saria Suchi , Schilling Lisa M. , Shah Anand , Stewart Walter F. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Xie Bin
Published: March 2016

Context: The recent explosion in available electronic health record (EHR) data is
motivating a rapid expansion of electronic health care predictive analytic (e-HPA)
applications, defined as the use of electronic algorithms that forecast clinical events
in real time with the intent to improve patient outcomes and reduce costs. There is an
urgent need for a systematic framework to guide the development and application of e-HPA
to ensure that the field develops in a scientifically sound, ethical, and efficient
manner.Objectives: Building upon earlier frameworks of model development and
utilization, we identify the emerging opportunities and challenges of e-HPA, propose a
framework that enables us to realize these opportunities, address these challenges, and
motivate e-HPA stakeholders to both adopt and continuously refine the framework as the
applications of e-HPA emerge.Methods: To achieve these objectives, 17 experts with
diverse expertise including methodology, ethics, legal, regulation, and health care
delivery systems were assembled to identify emerging opportunities and challenges of
e-HPA and to propose a framework to guide the development and application of
e-HPA.Findings: The framework proposed by the panel includes three key domains where
e-HPA differs qualitatively from earlier generations of models and algorithms (Data
Barriers, Transparency, and Ethics) and areas where current frameworks are insufficient
to address the emerging opportunities and challenges of e-HPA (Regulation and
Certification; and Education and Training). The following list of recommendations
summarizes the key points of the framework:1. Data Barriers: Establish mechanisms within
the scientific community to support data sharing for predictive model development and
testing.2. Transparency: Set standards around e-HPA validation based on principles of
scientific transparency and reproducibility.3. Ethics: Develop both individual-centered
and society-centered risk-benefit approaches to evaluate e-HPA.4. Regulation and
Certification: Construct a self-regulation and certification framework within e-HPA.5.
Education and Training: Make significant changes to medical, nursing, and
paraprofessional curricula by including training for understanding, evaluating, and
utilizing predictive models.
«Del actor deste libro»: sobre el Cancionero de la Biblioteca Británica (LB1) y el de Juan del Encina (96JE)
Authors: Bustos Táuler Álvaro
Published: March 2016

El Cancionero de la Biblioteca Británica o Cancionero de Rennert (LB1) contiene una amplia selección de poetas de finales del siglo XV y comienzos del XVI. La misteriosa rúbrica del final de esta compilación plantea la posibilidad de que Juan del Encina, responsable del cancionero personal más exitoso de su tiempo (1496, 1501, 1505, 1507, 1509 y 1515), fuera también el actor deste libro. En este artículo se comparan varios aspectos de ambos cancioneros, tanto el impreso de autor (96JE) como el manuscrito colectivo (LB1), y se discute esa atribución: Encina no pudo ser el compilador de LB1 porque la perfección formal de su obra no encaja con las abundantes irregularidades de la compilación colectiva. Pero se advierte su influencia en muchos otros aspectos del cancionero: desde calcos léxicos y textuales a gustos literarios, prácticas ordenadoras, diseño de núcleos de textos, preferencias gráficas y ortográficas, maneras de rubricar y de editar los poemas, etc. Estas prácticas hermanan a ambos cancioneros y permiten sostener que aunque no pudo ser el copista ni el compilador, sí influyó notablemente en la configuración de LB1: muy posiblemente fue el ideólogo o el inspirador de esa gran compilación de poetas de la época de los Reyes Católicos.
Estudos de edición crítica e lírica galego-portuguesa, ed. Marina Arbor Aldea e Antonio F. Guiadanes
Authors: González Martínez Déborah
Published: March 2016

Estudos de edición crítica e lírica galego-portuguesa, ed. Marina Arbor Aldea e Antonio F. Guiadanes.
Esta cantiga fez Pero Velho de Taveiroos e Paai Soarez, seu irmãao... A manciña indicadora no Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional (códice 10991)
Authors: González Martínez Déborah
Published: March 2016

Case todas as anotacións de A. Colocci no Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional 10991 (B) teñen sido estudadas e valoradas polos investigadores da lírica galego-portuguesa, con frecuencia procurando respostas a diferentes problemas. No f. 35v, encóntrase o debuxo dunha manciña que sinala cara á singular razo que introduce a primeira tenzón no cancioneiro B, Vi eu donas encelado (B142), dos irmáns Pero Velho de Taveirós e Paai Soarez de Taveirós. A partir da situación desta marca colocciana, deseñada entre a rúbrica atributiva Pero Velho de Taveroos (na col. a) e a razo (na col. b), J.-M. d’Heur entendeu que o sinal estaba destinado a corrixir a disposición da rúbrica atributiva, pasando a asignar B140 (Par Deus, dona Maria, mia senhor ben talhada) e B141 (Quand’ora for a mia senhor veer) ao trobador que ten a súa obra nos folios anteriores do cancioneiro B, isto é, Nun’Eanes Cerzeo. A dúbida na autoría destas dúas cantigas callou en estudos posteriores, pero en ningún caso conduciu a unha análise dos contextos de aparición e da función da manciña colocciana no interior do cancioneiro. Con intención de reavaliar a cuestión, o noso traballo derivará no exame desta singular marca.
El fin del trovadorismo gallegoportugués en el marco de la lírica románica: un análisis comparado y algunas cuestiones de historiografía literaria
Authors: Gutiérrez García Santiago
Published: March 2016

El estudio de la literatura medieval se lleva a cabo, a menudo, a partir de los principios metodológicos que elabora la historiografía literaria. Esto se debe tanto a la naturaleza histórica de la literatura, como a su utilización como parte de los discursos identitarios sobre los que, desde el siglo xviii, se han construido las naciones contemporáneas. Sin embargo, su aplicación resulta harto problemática cuando tal metodología pretende aplicarse a una realidad prenacional, como es la medieval. El final de la lírica gallegoportuguesa constituye un buen ejemplo de tales disfunciones metodológicas, cuánto más que su ordenación historiográfica se realiza desde un sistema literario minorizado, como el gallego, en el que la historia de la literatura se carga de una funcionalidad simbólica más amplia que en aquellos otros que gozan de plenitud institucional. Uno de los recursos narrativos sobre los que la historiografía gallega explica del fin del trovadorismo será el concepto de fecha clave, que en este caso girará en torno al año 1354, en que muere don Pedro, conde de Barcelos. El análisis comparado de esta propuesta narrativa con las de otras tradiciones líricas románicas revela las limitaciones de este tipo de explicaciones y alerta acerca de la asunción acrítica de los métodos de la historiografía literaria.
Some hemato-biochemical, bacteriological and pathological effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in broiler chickens
Authors: Allam Hossam , Abdelazem Abdelazem Mohamed , Salah Halla , Hamed Abdalla
Published: March 2016

Cloacal swabs were collected from 300 broiler chicks (50 dead, 50 diseased and 200 healthy) for bacteriological examintion. Out of 300 examined cloacal swabs 26 (52%) dead, 28 (56%) diseased and 28 (14%) from healthy chicks were positive for bacteria. Moringa oleifera leaf extract inhibits growth of E. coli and Salmonella spp. Post bacteriological examination 120 chicks free from bacterial infection, one day old were divided into 3 equal groups. 1st group healthy chicks (control), 2nd and 3rd groups chicks received 200 mg/ kgm bwt watery and alcoholic moringa oleifera leaf extract daily for 30 successive days in drinking water respectively. Effect of moringa leaf extract on body weight, feed conversion rate and haemato-biochemical analysis beside pathological changes of some internal organ were study.

Moringa leaf extracts (watery & alcoholic) induced significant increase in body weight gain, RBCs, Hb, PCV% WBCs, total proteins, albumin, globulins, SOD beside significant decrease in MDA and insignificant increase in AST, ALT, ALP but urea and creatinine insignificantly decreased and improved in feed conversion rate.

Histopathological investigation revealed, Hepatic tissue, congestion and hyperplasia in bile duct epithelium. Renal tubules undergo interstitial aggregation of lymphocytes and regeneration. Intestine shows slight edema. spleen and bursa show hyperplasia of lymphocyte in white pulp.

It could be concluded that Moringa leaf extract act antibacterial, growth promoter, antioxidant and have benefits effect in immunity and hemato-biochemical parameters.
Effects of water immersion on the recovery of upper and lower body anaerobic power following a wrestling session
Authors: Cengiz Asim , Kocak Mehmet Settar
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study was to examine effects of cold-water immersion after exercise on powerresponses of wrestlers. Twenty elite male wrestlers were formed by similar age, height, weight and fitness parameters. The wrestling training session included a 60-minute of vigorous exercise. It consisted of warm-up exercises, standing technical and tactical exercises that mostly allocates arm and leg muscles. Vertical jump height, ropes climb height, and delayed onset of soreness was measured before, after, 24 h and 48 hors after the wrestling training. Cold-water immersion caused decrements in power loss at each follow-up time in comparison to a thermo neutral immersion.  It can be suggested that the longer time needed for power to return to normal levels after cold treatment and assessment of varied contraction types may present a more broad demonstration of muscle function and consequential capacity for dynamic exercise following exercise-induced muscle damage.
Relations between teachers’ organizational justice perceptions and organizational commitment and job satisfaction in the school: A meta-analysis
Authors: Demir Kamile
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this research study is to investigate the relationship between teachers’ organizational justice perceptions and organizational commitment and job satisfaction in the school via meta-analysis. An extensive literature search was conducted to identify both published and unpublished reports that examined the relationship between teachers’ perceptions of justice, job satisfaction and the organizational commitment to minimize potential availability bias. In total, research reports have identified providing usable data for 24 independent samples. Eight of these studies were published and 16 were unpublished dissertations. In this study, as indicator of effect size is chosen the correlation coefficient. Random effects model was preferred according to heterogeneity tests conducted for organizational commitment and job satisfaction. As a result of meta-analysis, it was found that distributive justice correlated positively with organizational commitment. There is a positive correlation between interactional justice and organizational commitment.  Interactional justice has a significant relationship with organizational commitment. Teachers’ overall perception of justice was positively related to organizational commitment. The distributive justice was found to have a significant relationship with teachers’ job satisfaction. Procedural justice was found to be significantly related to the teachers’ job satisfaction. There is a positive correlation between interactional justice and teachers’ job satisfaction. Finally, organizational justice positive correlated with job satisfaction.
Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation of the Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) Process
Authors: Karbasi Ehsan , Karimi-Sabet Javad , Mohammadi Roshandeh J. , Moosavian M. A. , Ahadi H.
Published: March 2016

Some challenges, including inappropriate distribution of currents on the membrane surface, poor hydrodynamics and existing severe temperature polarization (TP) phenomenon in MD modules, impede industrialization of MD process. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used for numerical simulation of hydrodynamics in air gap membrane distillation modules. One of two simulated modules in this work is a novel developed one in which heat and mass transfer data was compared with available literature data. Moreover, the effect of using baffles in module was investigated. Comparison between the novel module and conventional module indicates higher trans-membrane mass flux and gained output ratio (GOR) coefficient by 7% and 15%, respectively. Moreover, the effects of different operating conditions including feed temperatures and feed flow rates on permeate flux were investigated.
The effectiveness of physical factors used in the treatment of patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Literature review
Authors: Zwolińska Jolanta , Kwolek Andrzej , Gąsior Monika
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive disease of the nervous system which etiology is still unknown. Environmental factors, genetic predisposition and complex autoimmune reactions play a significant role in its pathogenesis. MS is not a fatal disease, but patients often require constant medical care and complex social welfare. Physiotherapy conducted at every stage of the disease depends on the current state of a patient and their functional capability and gradually occurring disorders and dysfunctions. Physical therapy is an important element of the therapy.

Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of physical treatments used in the treatment of the MS patients.

Material and methods: An analysis of domestic and foreign literature published between 2004 and 2014. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Science Direct, Termedia, Polish Medical Bibliography, Cochrane. The papers concerning the use of physical treatment as monotherapy and combination therapy were included.

Summary and conclusions: Numerous research confirm both safety and efficacy of physical methods used in treatment of the MS patients. The implementation of research on the mechanism of action and effectiveness of physical factors, which are well-designed in terms of methodology, allows for the selection of the optimal physical procedure. Modern equipment and current methods of physiotherapy change views on the previously used treatments, their methodology and application.
Exposure assessment of lead from food and airborne dusts and biomonitoring in pregnant mothers, their fetus and siblings in Karachi, Pakistan and Shimotsuke, Japan
Authors: Kayama Fujio , Fatmi Zafar , Ikegami Akihiko , Mizuno Atsuko , Ohtsu Mayumi , Mise Nathern , Cui Xiaoyi , Ogawa Masanori , Sakamoto Takako , Nakagi Yoshiko , Yoshida Takahiko , Sahito Ambreen , Naeem Shahla , Ghias Kulsoom , Zuberi Hina , Tariq Kanwal , Kobayashi Yayoi , Nohara Keiko
Published: March 2016

Aim: Exposure assessment of lead (Pb) and Arsenic (As) from food, water, and house dust intake were assessed among pregnant women, their children and fetuses in Pakistan and Japan, as well as their body burden of the metals in their blood.

Method: Fifty families which included a pregnant woman, a fetus and the 1–3-year-old siblings were recruited in Karachi and Khairpur in Pakistan, and Shimotsuke and Asahikawa in Japan, respectively. Their dietary exposure to Pb and As was measured in 3-day food duplicates and drinking water by ICP-MP. Pb in house dust and respirable dust was evaluated with an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Non-radioactive isotope Pb profiles of blood specimens will be compared with those of the exposure origins, such as food duplicates, respirable house dust, the soils nearby, and gasoline.

Results: Judging from the data collected and analyzed so far, contribution from dietary intake is highly correlated to higher body burden of Pb among Pakistani mothers. Additional data analyses will reveal the status of Pb and As body burden in Pakistani mothers, fetuses and their siblings, and causal sources of high body burden is delineated by Pb isotope profile analysis of different sources of Pb exposure.
Community-based efforts in health promotion in indigenous villages on the Thailand-Myanmar border
Authors: Suk Ann N.
Published: March 2016

This case study of mainly Karen and Mon communities in Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand, offers insight into the challenges that these rural villages face with regard to food security and environmental health issues. As non-Thai communities, these villages receive little support from the Thai government, and are often vulnerable in terms of access to food markets, infrastructure, and education and livelihood opportunities. This discussion further considers the involvement of Pattanarak Foundation, a Thai NGO, in health promotion and economic development in these villages as an example of a community partnership at the grassroots level. Examining Pattanarak’s efforts to build skills in household vegetable gardening and livestock-raising, raise awareness about child nutrition issues, and improve community sanitation illustrates the value of a participatory process, and also demonstrates some of the challenges associated with on-the-ground health promotion in disadvantaged rural communities. Applying a community-based participatory research (CBPR) framework to pursue partnerships between communities, NGOs, and researchers may offer an avenue for effective interventions to improve health in marginalized communities.
Pacific connections for health, ecosystems and society: new approaches to the land-water-health nexus
Authors: Parkes Margot W.
Published: March 2016

Renewed effort to understand the social-ecological context of health is drawing attention to the dynamics of land and water resources and their combined influence on the determinants of health. A new area of research, education and policy is emerging that focuses on the land-water-health nexus: this orientation is applicable from small wetlands through to large-scale watersheds or river basins, and draws attention to the benefits of combined land and water governance, as well as the interrelated implications for health, ecological and societal concerns. Informed by research precedents, imperatives and collaborations emerging in Canada and parts of Oceania, this review profiles three integrative, applied approaches that are bringing attention to the importance the land-water-health nexus within the Pacific Basin: wetlands and watersheds as intersectoral settings to address land-water-health dynamics; tools to integrate health, ecological and societal dynamics at the land-water-health nexus; and indigenous leadership that is linking health and well-being with land and water governance. Emphasis is given to key characteristics of a new generation of inquiry and action at the land-water-health nexus, as well as capacity-building, practice and policy opportunities to address converging environmental, social and health objectives linked to the management and governance of land and water resources.
The impact of levothyroxine sodium treatment on oxidative stress in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Authors: Ates Ihsan , Altay Mustafa , Yilmaz Fatma Meric , Topcuoglu Canan , Yilmaz Nisbet , Berker Dilek , Guler Serdar
Published: March 2016

Objective

Although several studies reported increased oxidative stress in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), the effect of levothyroxine treatment on oxidative status is not studied extensively. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the effects of levothyroxine replacement on oxidative stress in HT.

Design and methods

Thirty-six patients recently diagnosed with HT-related hypothyroidism and 36 healthy controls were included in the study. Levothyroxine replacement was started to patients with hypothyroidism, and had been followed-up for 6 months.

Results

Mean basal serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total thiol, arylesterase, and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) levels were significantly lower, and serum total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were significantly higher in the patients with hypothyroid than the controls. In the hypothyroid group serum TAS, total thiol, arylesterase, and PON1 levels increased and serum TOS and OSI levels decreased significantly after levothyroxine treatment. Pretreatment serum TAS, total thiol, PON1, and arylesterase levels were positively correlated with free levothyroxine (fT4) and negatively correlated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), and antithyroglobulin (anti-TG) levels. Also, pretreatment serum TOS and OSI levels were negatively correlated with fT4levels and positively correlated with TSH, anti-TPO, and anti-TG. We have also found that the fT4and anti-TPO levels are independent predictors of the oxidative stress parameters in stepwise multivariable linear regression analysis.

Conclusion

This study suggests that levothyroxine replacement decreases oxidant status and increases antioxidant status following the 6 months of levothyroxine replacement in hypothyroidism that develops in accordance with the HT.
Derivation of a multivariate reference range for pituitary thyrotropin and thyroid hormones: diagnostic efficiency compared with conventional single-reference method
Authors: Hoermann Rudolf , Larisch Rolf , Dietrich Johannes W , Midgley John E M
Published: March 2016

Although pituitary thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormones are physiologically interrelated, interpretation of measurements is conventionally done separately. Classification of subclinical thyroid dysfunction depends by definition solely on an abnormal TSH. This study examines a composite multivariate approach to disease classification.

Methods

Bivariate and trivariate reference limits were derived from a thyroid-healthy control group (n=271) and applied to a clinically diverse sample (n=820) from a prospective study, comparing their diagnostic efficiency with the conventional method.

Results

The following 95% reference limits were derived from the control group: (i) separate reference intervals for TSH, free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3); (ii) bivariate composite reference limits for the logarithmically transformed TSH and FT4, and (iii) trivariate composite reference limits including all three parameters. A multivariate approach converts the “rectangular” or “cuboid” graphical representations of the independent parameters into an ellipse or ellipsoid. When applying these reference limits to the clinical sample, thyroid dysfunctions were classified differently, compared with the separate method, in 6.3 or 12% of all cases by the bivariate or trivariate method respectively. Of the established dysfunctions according to the separate intervals, 26% were reclassified to “euthyroid” by using the bivariate limit. Discrepancies from the laboratory-evaluated reference range were less pronounced.

Conclusions

Frequent divergencies between composite multivariate reference limits and a combination of separate univariate reference intervals suggest that statistical analytic techniques may heavily influence thyroid disease classification. This challenges the validity of the conjoined roles of TSH currently employed as both a sensitive screening test and a reliable classification tool for thyroid disease.
Reproductive alterations in hyperinsulinemic but normoandrogenic MSG obese female rats
Authors: Gaspar Renato Simões , Benevides Renata Ohana Alves , Fontelles João Lucas de Lima , Vale Caroline Castro , França Lucas Martins , Barros Paulo de Tarso Silva , Paes Antonio Marcus de Andrade
Published: March 2016

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are the common causes of reproductive and fertility disorders in women. In particular, polycystic ovary syndrome, which is clinically characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology, has been increasingly associated with metabolic disorders. However, given the broad interplay between metabolic and reproductive functions, this remains a field of intense research. In this study, we investigated the effect of monosodium l-glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity on reproductive biology of female rats. Newborn female rats were subcutaneously injected with MSG (4g/kg/day) or equiosmolar saline (CTR) each 2 days up to postnatal day (pnd) 10. On pnd 60, estrous cycle was evaluated using vaginal smears twice a day for 15 days, which showed MSG rats to be oligocyclic. Thereafter, animals were killed on estrous phase for blood and tissue collection. MSG rats had increased body mass, accumulation of retroperitoneal and visceral fat pads, and visceral adipocyte hypertrophy compared with CTR rats. MSG rats were also dyslipidemic and hyperinsulinemic but were normoglycemic and normoandrogenic. Ovarian morphology analysis showed that MSG rats had a two-fold decrease in oocyte count but a six-fold increase on ovarian follicular cysts, along with a higher number of total primordial and atretic follicles. Moreover, MSG rats had a four-fold increase in anti-Müllerian hormone immunohistochemical staining on antral follicles. Taken together, data presented here characterize MSG obesity as a unique model to study the metabolic pathways underlying reproductive disorders in the absence of overactivated hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis.
El cuerpo maltratado, sinécdoque de la violencia de género en la literatura vasca
Authors: Lasarte Gema
Published: March 2016

Este artículo analiza dos novelas de autoría femenina: Tango Urdina, de Aitziber Etxeberria, que trata especificamente sobre el maltrato, y Aulki Jokoa, de Uxue Alberdi, que aborda el tema de la violencia sufrida por las mujeres en tiempos de guerra. Estas dos novelas se han puesto en comparación con otras tres novelas contemporáneas de autoría masculina: Zoaz infernura, laztana, de Anjel Lertzundi; Zureak egin du, de Iñaki Friera, y Golgota, de Xabier Montoya. Las dos primeras tienen como eje temático los malos tratos y la última incorpora el tema de la violencia ejercida contra las mujeres en las contiendas bélicas.
Canción do Sur, ou como Disney transformou ao tío Remus no tío Tom
Authors: Míguez López María
Published: March 2016

Na nómina de películas de Disney hai unha que chama especialmente a atención: Canción do Sur, que a compañía ten prohibida por racista. Esta adaptou os libros de Joel Chandler Harris nos que un escravo, o tío Remus, lle conta ao fillo da súa ama unhas fábulas animadas. O protagonista destas é Brer Rabbit, mito entre a poboación negra, a cal tiraba ensinanzas deste coello avezado que por medio do enxeño vence aos seus inimigos. Porén, na adaptación ao cinema, Remus, que nos libros goza dunha posición privilexiada na plantación e incluso ostenta certa autoridade, é un home dócil e sumiso, que só busca a felicidade dos seus patróns, e as fábulas dos animais aparecen despoxadas desa lectura subversiva.
Detecting and Quantifying Changing Selection Intensities from Time-Sampled Polymorphism Data
Authors: Shim Hyunjin , Laurent Stefan , Matuszewski Sebastian , Foll Matthieu , Jensen Jeffrey D
Published: March 2016

During his well-known debate with Fisher regarding the phenotypic dataset of Panaxia dominula, Wright suggested fluctuating selection as a potential explanation for the observed change in allele frequencies. This model has since been invoked in a number of analyses, with the focus of discussion centering mainly on random or oscillatory fluctuations of selection intensities. Here, we present a novel method to consider nonrandom changes in selection intensities using Wright-Fisher approximate Bayesian (ABC)-based approaches, in order to detect and evaluate a change in selection strength from time-sampled data. This novel method jointly estimates the position of a change point as well as the strength of both corresponding selection coefficients (and dominance for diploid cases) from the allele trajectory. The simulation studies of this method reveal the combinations of parameter ranges and input values that optimize performance, thus indicating optimal experimental design strategies. We apply this approach to both the historical dataset of P. dominula in order to shed light on this historical debate, as well as to whole-genome time-serial data from influenza virus in order to identify sites with changing selection intensities in response to drug treatment.
Genetically Determined Variation in Lysis Time Variance in the Bacteriophage φX174
Authors: Baker Christopher W , Miller Craig R , Thaweethai Tanayott , Yuan Jeffrey , Baker Meghan Hollibaugh , Joyce Paul , Weinreich Daniel M
Published: March 2016

Researchers in evolutionary genetics recently have recognized an exciting opportunity in decomposing beneficial mutations into their proximal, mechanistic determinants. The application of methods and concepts from molecular biology and life history theory to studies of lytic bacteriophages (phages) has allowed them to understand how natural selection sees mutations influencing life history. This work motivated the research presented here, in which we explored whether, under consistent experimental conditions, small differences in the genome of bacteriophage φX174 could lead to altered life history phenotypes among a panel of eight genetically distinct clones. We assessed the clones’ phenotypes by applying a novel statistical framework to the results of a serially sampled parallel infection assay, in which we simultaneously inoculated each of a large number of replicate host volumes with ∼1 phage particle. We sequentially plated the volumes over the course of infection and counted the plaques that formed after incubation. These counts served as a proxy for the number of phage particles in a single volume as a function of time. From repeated assays, we inferred significant, genetically determined heterogeneity in lysis time and burst size, including lysis time variance. These findings are interesting in light of the genetic and phenotypic constraints on the single-protein lysis mechanism of φX174. We speculate briefly on the mechanisms underlying our results, and we discuss the potential importance of lysis time variance in viral evolution.