bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 5th Dimension and its Implications for the String Theory, Conservation of Energy and Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Authors: Bartlett Rodney
Published: October 2023

In 1919, the mathematician Theodor Kaluza began to play around with Albert Einstein’s formulas for gravity. Out of curiosity, he reworked the equations to see how they‘d look in five, rather than four, dimensions. The exercise yielded an extra set of equations, which were the same as James Clerk Maxwell’s equations for the electromagnetic field. His idea of a fifth dimension had produced a mathematical unification of gravity and electromagnetism. Since Kaluza’s calculations yielded an extra set of equations with Einstein’s formulas for gravity, it’s logical to assume that extending the number of known dimensions to five might also extend E = mc2. This article also visits conservation of mass and energy / mass-energy equivalence, Electromagnetism, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, the Matrix, Antigravitons, Incompleteness Theorems, New Irrationals, Calculus, Celluloid Motion, and Vector-Tensor-Scalar Geometry. And as the text accompanying Figure 5 says, “The counterclockwise rotation does not have to encompass 360 degrees. It can be divided into single degrees – and even arcseconds which are 3,600 times smaller than a degree. Each arcsecond (or tiny part of it) could correspond to a separate dimension and the total dimensions might make up a temporal multiverse that’s reminiscent of string theory, the cosmological framework that says particles are composed of one-dimensional objects called strings (a group of binary digits is called a single-dimensional bit string).” Finally, Heisenberg’s Principle of Indeterminacy - in which the position and the velocity of a particle cannot both be measured exactly, at the same time, even in theory - is revised. Quantum uncertainty is changed into quantum certainty by software containing a new type of irrational number – actually, irrational equations - that’s based on mathematics’ Matrix and topology’s Mobius strip, as well as being interdimensional. Ludwig Wittgenstein, an Austrian-British philosopher, once stated, "The limits of my language mean the limits of my world." Wittgenstein proposed that our understanding of the world is shaped by the language we use to describe it. This concept extends to mathematics, which can be seen as a specialized language. So if a person has no doubt that 1 + 1 = 2, he or she can never arrive at a truly Unified Theory in which only one thing exists. The maths accepted in 2023 is indispensable in enabling advancements in technology and science that have transformed our lives but is incapable of fully describing Unification. Scientific history has shown that it can go partway. Scientists consequently assume it will eventually go all the way.
Faculty’s Perspectives of/on Cultural Diversity Management in a Multicultural Classroom
Authors: Kaweesi Muhamadi , Ayebare Justin , Atibuni Dennis Zami , Olema David Kani
Published: October 2023

Higher education institutions are changing fast in terms of the inclusion of international students. Consequently, faculty are expected to provide enabling learning environments and experiences for education in diversity. Based on the beliefs and practices of social constructivism philosophy and rooted in the interpretive paradigm, this article examines how faculty in a Ugandan university manage multicultural classes and their efforts to promote inclusive classes and curriculum. Qualitative research methods were employed with a sample of eight faculty. Data were collected by means of face-to-face individual semi-structured interviews that were triangulated with document checks. Data analysis followedGay’s (2000) culturally responsive pedagogical framework, with faculty perspectives summarised in themes. The findings point to challenges in implementing a culturally relevant classroom management model, such as faculty’s inability to fully multiculturalise due to inadequate knowledge of cultural minorities’ backgrounds. However, they reveal that some faculty manage their classes adequately, show care and concern for non-Ugandan students, use several strategies to communicate with them, and endeavour to adjust to suit minority students’ learning styles. The study suggests that much remains to be done to ensure inclusivity and to promote the social constructionist perspective that is inclusive in teaching and learning.
From Contact to Online Learning in a Crisis
Authors: Varachia Zakiyyah , Cerbone Dannielle , Segal Talya
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic caused an abrupt change to the education system as most South African universities were forced to halt all face-toface teaching and learning activities and shift to an online curriculum. This study aimed to provide an initial overview of the online behaviour of second-year South African Auditing students. Using reports from the Learning Management System, it investigated the time taken by students to access online resources, the type of resources accessed and if this behaviour had an association with students’ marks. The analysis revealed that, on average, only 23% of the resources provided were accessed and also provided evidence that students did not access resources promptly. On average it took them 130 days after initial upload to access the online material. Students took longer to access tutorial videos (234 days) than other resources such as lecture videos (89 days). Significant, negative associations were established between student marks, time to access resources, and the percentage of resources accessed. This implies that, while face-to-face and online learning may be substituted for each other in an ordinarily contact university, the efficacy of online resources is dependent on the student’s online behaviour.
David G. Horrell. Ethnicity and Inclusion: Religion, Race, and Whiteness in Constructions of Jewish and Christian Identities
Authors: Joslyn-Siemiatkoski Daniel
Published: October 2023

No abstract is available.
Research on the Reform and Development of Physical Education Teaching in Colleges and Universities Based on Information Technology
Authors: Zhou Fengming
Published: October 2023

The widespread usage of information technology in today's world demonstrates its numerous practical benefits. The enhancement of higher education teaching standards, the development of athletic talent, and the overall growth of students are all factors in the reform and development of physical education instruction in colleges and universities. To achieve the innovation of teaching methods and the long-term development of college physical education teaching, the reform of college physical education teaching based on information technology must incorporate information technology into all elements of college physical education teaching. The article begins by outlining the impact of information technology on the reform of physical education instruction in colleges. It then provides strategies for utilizing information technology to improve and develop physical education instruction in colleges and breathe new life into it.
ETIKA KOMUNIKASI TENTANG KEJUJURAN DAN KEADILAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Puspitasari Yuli
Published: October 2023

Etika komunikasi pada perspektif Islam, adalah komunikasi yang islami, yaitu komunikasi ber-akhlak al-karimah atau beretika. Beberapa ayat dalam Al-qur’an dengan tegas menerangkan bagaimana seharusnya manusia berperilaku adil dan jujur terutama dalam berakhlak karimah. Diantara ayat tersebut adalah Q.S. An-Nisa ayat :135, Q.S AtTaubah :199, Q.S. Al-Baqarah: 177, Q.S Al-Nahl: 90, dan Q.S. Al- An’am: 152. Budaya kejujuran merupakan sikap yang tulus dalam melaksanakan sesuatu yang diamanatkan sekalipun itu jabatan. Sifat jujur dan terpercaya merupakan sesuatu hal yang sangat penting dalam segala aspek kehidupan, politik, birokrasi dan hidup bermasyarakat. Pentingnya kesadaran akan berperilaku jujur dan keadilan dalam berkehidupan. Meskipun sudah jelas dijabarkan dalam al-qur’an bagaimana pentingnya bersikap jujur dan adil. Namun, pada prakteknya masih banyak manusia hanya mengetahui hal tersebut hanya sekedar pengetahuan bukan dalam pemahaman dari iman. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan jurnal ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur atau studi kepustakaan. Menguraikan atau mendeskripsikan sikap aparatur pejabat negara atau pemerintahan Indonesia pada perilaku yang tidak jujur dalam pemerintahannya atau dalam menjalankan tugas sebagai pejabat negara yang akan dibahas melalui setiap data yang ditemukan baik secara online maupun jurnal-jurnal terkait.
EFEKTIVITAS KOMUNIKASI ANTARUMAT BERAGAMA PENDUDUK DESA SURO BALI KECAMATAN UJAN MAS KABUPATEN KEPAHIANG PROVINSI BENGKULU
Authors: Putry Sasty Deli
Published: October 2023

Komunikasi antar umat beragama merupakan sebuah hal yang sangat penting dalam memelihara keharmonisan dan keberagaman di masyarakat. Dalam situasi di mana perbedaan agama sering menjadi sumber konflik dan ketegangan, maka komunikasi yang efektif antarumat beragama menjadi semakin penting untuk dipelajari dan diimplementasikan. Desa Suro Bali adalah sebuah desa yang terletak di Kecamatan Ujan Mas, Kabupaten Kepahiang, Provinsi Bengkulu. Desa ini memiliki populasi yang heterogen, dengan mayoritas penduduknya beragama Islam, sementara sebagian kecil lagi beragama Kristen Protestan. Meskipun terdapat perbedaan agama di antara penduduk Desa Suro Bali, namun pada umumnya, mereka dapat hidup berdampingan dengan damai dan harmonis. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena adanya efektivitas komunikasi antarumat beragama yang baik di desa ini. Keaktifan dalam kegiatan lintas agama di desa Suro Bali sangat penting dalam menjaga keharmonisan dan kerukunan antarumat beragama. Beberapa kegiatan yang dilakukan antara lain dialog antar agama, perayaan bersama, studi kelompok, pendidikan agama, dan kegiatan sosial. Keaktifan dalam kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa penduduk di desa Suro Bali sangat terbuka dan menghargai perbedaan agama dan kepercayaan.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Amoxicillin and Potassium Clavulanate Medicated Chocolate
Authors: A. Sharma , S. Mukati , A. Koshta , S. Malviya , A. Kharia
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a formulation of amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate in chocolate form. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic belonging to the beta-lactam family. By binding to penicillin-binding proteins, beta-lactams stimulate autolytic enzymes in the bacterial cell wall, which in turn inhibits transpeptidation (the cross-linking stage in cell wall production). The streptomyces-derived, semi-synthetic beta-lactamase inhibitor potassium clavulanate. Multiple bacterial infections may be treated well with the antibiotic combination of amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate acid. It prevents germs from multiplying. Chocolate refers to a family of sweets made by combining cocoa (cacao), cocoa butter, and sugar in various proportions to form a solid. For improved patient compliance, the medicated chocolate formulation is often utilized for pediatric administration. The traditional chocolate formulation, which includes cocoa powder, moisture content, and blooming tests, is inferior to the one that incorporates carob powder, which lowers gastrointestinal troubles. The whole medication from the F4 formulation is released within 60 minutes, leading to a wide range of GIT disorders such heartburn and acid reflux. The formulation is stable throughout chocolate formulation manufacturing, with no drug excipient interactions and no drug degradation detected. The dimensions of the finished product are 28.5mm in length, 18mm in width, and 14mm in height. Batch F4 is the finest of all batches.
Demand for Traditional Medication: Emerging Herbal Remedies and Natural Products as an alternative approach for Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: A. Koshta , S. Manglwat , S. Malviya , A. Kharia
Published: October 2023

Coronavirus (CoViD-19) is a group of viruses that mostly causes respiratory infections in the respiratory system and lungs. Cough, cold, fever, and sore throat are some of its typical symptoms. Because there are less chemicals, preservatives, and excipients used in herbal medicine than in other types of medicine, it has fewer adverse effects. Before the development of antibiotics (many of which are derived from plants), herbal herbs, plant preparations, and phytoconstituents were the only treatments available for infectious diseases. They continue to be the leading cause of mortality for people throughout the world among infectious illnesses, particularly viral infections. To ascertain their antiviral action, several phyto-constituents produced from plants have been thoroughly investigated. On the basis of this argument, a search in the internet led to the discovery of a sizable number of plant species that contain antiviral chemicals. In a significant number of cited studies, these herbal sources have each been described singly or in combination. Research into the literature has uncovered antiviral efforts against not just the rabies virus but also the human immunodeficiency virus, the Chandipura virus, the Japanese encephalitis virus, the entervirus, and the influenza A/H1N1 virus. This review focuses on all plant species that have been shown to have antiviral properties. Many newly emerging and reemerging viral illnesses have no good drug prospects and are becoming more resistant to current pharmaceutical compounds, herbal sources provide researchers with plenty of area to investigate and provide effective alternatives against viral infections.
A Review on Indian Madder as an Useful Herb
Authors: R. Dudhe , A.R. Dudhe , N. Choudhari , G. Katole , R. Mahajan , N. Pathak , A. Darode , D. Devnani
Published: October 2023

India is also known as "the botanical garden of the world". There are many plants in India that are used for the treatment of various diseases. Nowadays, people prefer herbal products to synthetic ones because they have fewer side effects and therapeutic activities. The phytochemicals in Indian madder have many therapeutic activities. Indian madder is called manjishtha and is found in hilly areas near streams and rivers. In these, we will study the various medicinal uses of Indian madder, like anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-ageing, anti-acne, anti-diabetic, anti-mutagenic, etc.
Ginecología pediátrica y de la adolescencia: Una especialidad joven
Authors: Sánchez Torrejón Milagros
Published: October 2023

Ginecología pediátrica y de la adolescencia: Una especialidad joven.
Valoración del estado nutricional de recién nacidos a término y adecuados para su edad gestacional por el método de Metcoff en el Instituto Materno Perinatal de Lima
Authors: Zubiate Toledo Mario , Doig Turkowsky Jeannette , Marcelo Salvador Aquiles , Arias Pachas Juan , Madrid Portal Gladys , Salvador Yamaguchi Alfredo , Andrade Chávez Rossana , Paredes Quiliche Tania
Published: October 2023

Introducción.- Si bien los parámetros antropométricos (peso, talla y perímetro cefálico) usados en la evaluación nutricional del recién nacido (RN) pueden ser normales, algunos RN a término (RNT) adecuados para su edad gestacional (AEG) sufren de desnutrición fetal cuando se valoran los compartimientos graso y proteico a través del test de Metcoff. El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer la incidencia de desnutrición fetal en los RNT AEG, mediante la evaluación clínica del estado nutricional (ECEN) y su calificación según Metcoff, además de conocer las características de sus madres, en el periodo de marzo del 2000 a noviembre del 2001 en el Instituto Materno Perinatal (IMP) de Lima. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo en el IMP. Se evaluó el estado nutricional de una muestra de 56 RNT AEG, vivos, de parto eutócico y único, sin la presencia de factores de riesgo que afecten la salud de la madre, el RN o de ambos. La selección fue de una muestra probabilística de tipo accidental. Los resultados se muestran en tablas y gráficos. Resultados: Se evaluaron 56 RNT AEG. Predominó el sexo femenino (55.4%) con respecto al masculino (44.6%). El promedio y desviación estándar del peso, talla y perímetro cefálico para los considerados como bien nutridos fue 3347 ± 290 g, 50.22 ± 1.17 cm y 34.29 ± 1.09 cm, respectivamente, mientras que para los desnutridos fue 3068 ± 139 g, 49.6 ± 0.55 cm y 33.4 ± 1.51 cm, respectivamente. El test de Metcoff mostró desnutrición clínica en 5 RNT AEG, lo que representa una incidencia del 8.9%.
Alergia e intolerancia alimentaria, manifestaciones gastrointestinales
Authors: Maruy Saito Aldo
Published: October 2023

El tracto gastrointestinal es capaz de desarrollar como respuesta a una condición nociva síntomas como dolor abdominal, náuseas, vómitos y diarrea. Además edemas y malnutrición si hay malabsorción o perdida de proteínas. Usualmente los responsables de estos síntomas gastrointestinales han sido los agentes infecciosos, alteraciones metabólicas e incluso defectos anatómicos. Recientemente las reacciones adversas a los alimentos: alergia o intolerancia en niños, están siendo cada vez mas reconocidas como responsables de estos síntomas sobretodo en los países desarrollados, lo que ha generado abundante información y confusión. La presente revisión pretende actualizar a los pediatras sobre las definiciones, datos epidemiológicos, conceptos sobre la patogenia, cuadro clínico, pruebas diagnosticas, como se trata y se previenen las manifestaciones gastrointestinales de la alergia alimentaria.
Gender and socio-economic differences in South African consumers’ sentiments toward marketing practices
Authors:   Department of Marketing, Supply Chain Management and Sport Management, Tshwane University of Technology, Roux Thérèse
Published: October 2023

Studies on modern consumers’ sentiments toward marketing in an emerging market context are vital. This paper compares demographic differences in South African consumers’ sentiment toward marketing. Data were collected via a survey with 444 diverse consumers residing in the Tshwane metropolitan area. The findings revealed that South African males are significantly less satisfied with marketing communication practices compared to females. Consumers earning lower income were significantly less positive towards marketing in general as well as product quality, price, and selling practices. Afrikaans-speaking consumers’ attitudes were less positive towards marketing communication. The finding can guide the marketing industry to advance its image by adjusting its practices and coordinating with the government and other stakeholders to collaborate.
Solitary fibrous tumor in the temporalis muscle: a case report and literature review
Authors: Choi Jun Ho , Lee Soo Hyuk , Hwang Jae Ha , Kim Kwang Seog , Lee Sam Yong
Published: October 2023

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is an infrequently occurring neoplasm most commonly observed in the pleura, but it can develop in the head and neck region in occasional cases. However, no reports have described SFT in the temporalis muscle. Herein, we present the first known case of SFT in the temporalis muscle. A 47-year-old man complained of a painless palpable mass on his right temple. Facial enhanced computed tomography identified a 4.0× 2.9× 1.4 cm mass presenting as a vascular tumor in the right temporalis muscle under the zygomatic arch. The mass was excised from the right temporalis muscle under general anesthesia. A histopathologic examination revealed that the mass was an SFT. No complications occurred after surgery, including functional disability or sensory loss. The patient was followed up for 3 months without complications. Although SFT in extrapulmonary regions is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of masses that occur in the temporal area.
The Arabic Element in Scots Lexis
Authors: Smith Jeremy J.
Published: October 2023

Detailed study of individual lexemes can open up interesting angles on the cultural underpinnings needed for the understanding of linguistic history. This paper surveys that element of Scots vocabulary that has been flagged as derived, even if at several removes, from Arabic. To do so, it draws primarily on the materials supplied by the Dictionaries of the Scots Language and the Oxford English Dictionary, supplemented by wider contextual analysis.
Forgetting to Un-Forgive
Authors: Jones Lel , Tierney Hannah
Published: October 2023

Much of the literature on forgiveness is dedicated to understanding the reasons to forgive and what changes in attitude are required to do so. But philosophers have been much less attentive to what happens after agents forgive. This is a serious oversight, since the reasons to forgive do not always retain their force and it is not always possible, or advisable, to maintain the changes in attitudes that forgiveness requires. Fortunately, Monique Wonderly has begun to fill this lacuna in the literature with her recent work on un-forgiveness. According to the author, un-forgiveness involves altering our attitudes, by either reinhabiting an adversarial stance towards an agent for their wrongdoing and/or returning one’s relationship with them to the state it was in prior to forgiveness taking place. While Wonderly’s account of un-forgiveness is both novel and illuminating, it is incomplete. In this paper, we argue that one can also un-forgive by forgetting that the wrong in question occurred and/or that the previously forgiven agent was the perpetrator of the wrong. We contend that not only is it possible to un-forgive by forgetting, but doing so can be both justified and morally important. We defend our view by considering the objection that un-forgiveness by forgetting can negatively impact victims’ relationships with wrongdoers as well as addressing the concern that agents cannot exercise their agency over their memories in order to un-forgive by forgetting.
Procesos psicosociales vinculados a la memoria y al perdón en víctimas movilizadas en Colombia
Authors: Rico Revelo Diana , Cristancho Garrido Hellen , De la Cruz Barrios Andrea , Alzate Mónica
Published: October 2023

In a context marked by various transitional justice processes and still affected by dynamics of violence, in this article, we analyze psychosocial dimensions related to forgiveness and memory in experiences of members of social organizations who are victims of the Colombian armed conflict. The aim is to explore cognitive, emotional, and attitudinal processes that hinder or enable forgiveness. A mixed-methodology was used, with two studies conducted in the departments of Atlántico and Caldas. In the first study, a phenomenological design was applied to uncover ideas and emotions regarding memory and forgiveness among leaders of victim collectives. In the second study, a non-experimental design was implemented to analyze the interaction between three factors explaining the disposition to forgive (DP): enduring resentment (RD), sensitivity to circumstances (SC), and unconditional forgiveness (PI). The qualitative study revealed meanings surrounding memory that constrain forgiveness (RD, exclusive victim beliefs, and perceived obstacles to the effectiveness of transitional justice measures), as well as memory resignifications that promote forgiveness (understanding of the conflict, inclusive victim beliefs, memory linked to transitional justice, and PI). The quantitative study indicated that SC explains PI, while RD poses an obstacle. The research progresses towards a deeper comprehension of the connection between memory and forgiveness in transitional settings, unveiling challenges in effectively managing memory with forgiveness in mind. It highlights the significance of addressing RD and fostering SC to facilitate forgiveness, not only at the national level but also at the local and regional scales.
Perdón y resiliencia: reflexiones desde las experiencias de víctimas del conflicto armado colombiano en San Juan Nepomuceno, Montes de María, Colombia
Authors: Martínez Castro María José , Peñata Alejandra
Published: October 2023

This article aims to explore the conceptions of forgiveness and resilience, and the relationship that may exist between them, from the perspective of victims of the Colombian armed conflict in the municipality of San Juan Nepomuceno in Montes de María. We followed an exploratory qualitative methodology with a descriptive and interpretative focus. The data was analyzed based on grounded theory, and a non-probabilistic snowball sampling approach was employed. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted including questions about forgiveness and resilience, whether victims believed forgiveness was possible, how they perceived resilience in their community, and their opinions on expressions of remorse by former members of armed groups. Within the framework of these two study categories, victims’ perspectives provided definitions offorgiveness and resilience. Forgiveness was described as a personal decision influenced by individual thinking, serving as a means to heal wounds and free oneself from negativeemotions while not erasing the memory of past events. Resilience, on the other hand, was perceived as the individuals’ ability to navigate through challenges and traumatic situations, to explore alternative possibilities regardless of their available resources, and to empower themselves in order to enhance their own quality of life. Individual and collective coping strategies also came to light, encompassing practices such as art, dialogue, and communal memory processes.
“Es que todo está vivo simultáneamente”. Memoria y perdón como rearmonización del territorio entre los pueblos que conforman el Consejo Regional Indígena del Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Jurado Castaño Pedro , Ruiz Romero Gabriel , Castaño Zapata Daniel
Published: October 2023

This article exposes the relationship between the narratives of memory and forgiveness within the indigenous movement in the department of Cauca (Colombia) along with the construction of their identity as subjects affected by violence. The article stems from multilocal fieldwork conducted with members of the Regional Indigenous Council of Cauca (CRIC), indigenous Nasa and Coconuco authorities and elders, and collaborators from the department’s indigenous movement. The text concludes that indigenous memory is influenced by recursive structures of time and space, where past events are still occurring in the present, as the violated subjects, especially the ancestors and the territory, remain in the here and now. This configures an ecological approach to political ontology, prompting a redefinition of the web of social interactions entangled in the genesis of armed violence, and the kinds of rituals geared towards forgiveness for the harms and violence inflicted by the armed conflict. The novelty of the article lies in its assessment of the notions of memory and forgiveness within the indigenous community of Cauca, represented by the CRIC, as a bearer of a non-anthropocentric ethical proposition to address the effects of violence from the normative perspective of reharmonization.
Development of intuitionistic fuzzy cost efficiency model in data envelopment analysis
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Sonkariya Anjali , Yadav Shiv Prasad ,   Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology
Published: October 2023

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric linear programming (LP) based technique to measure the relative efficiencies of decision-making units (DMUs). The conventional DEA models assume that input-output data is crisp, which may not always be feasible in practical situations due to the presence of ambiguity and imprecision. Therefore, to handle uncertain and imprecise data, the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS) has been introduced. In this study, the relative efficiencies of DMUs with uncertain data will be determined. For this reason, the conventional cost efficiency (CE) model of DEA is extended to IF environment. Also, the lower and upper-cost efficiency models are developed using α-cut and β-cut approach. The data for inputs, outputs and input prices are considered intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IFNs), in particular triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TIFNs). To demonstrate the practical application of the proposed intuitionistic fuzzy cost efficiency models (IFCEMs), a numerical example is presented.
Post-transcriptional splicing can occur in a slow-moving zone around the gene
Authors: Coté Allison , O'Farrell Aoife , Dardani Ian , Dunagin Margaret , Coté Chris , Wan Yihan , Bayatpour Sareh , Drexler Heather L , Alexander Katherine A , Chen Fei , Wassie Asmamaw T , Patel Rohan , Pham Kenneth , Boyden Edward S , Berger Shelly , Phillips-Cremins Jennifer , Churchman L Stirling , Raj Arjun
Published: October 2023

Splicing is the stepwise molecular process by which introns are removed from pre-mRNA and exons are joined together to form mature mRNA sequences. The ordering and spatial distribution of these steps remain controversial, with opposing models suggesting splicing occurs either during or after transcription. We used single-molecule RNA FISH, expansion microscopy, and live-cell imaging to reveal the spatiotemporal distribution of nascent transcripts in mammalian cells. At super-resolution levels, we found that pre-mRNA formed clouds around the transcription site. These clouds indicate the existence of a transcription-site-proximal zone through which RNA move more slowly than in the nucleoplasm. Full-length pre-mRNA undergo continuous splicing as they move through this zone following transcription, suggesting a model in which splicing can occur post-transcriptionally but still within the proximity of the transcription site, thus seeming co-transcriptional by most assays. These results may unify conflicting reports of co-transcriptional versus post-transcriptional splicing.
KinCytE- a Kinase to Cytokine Explorer to Identify Molecular Regulators and Potential Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Chan Marina , Kang Yuqi , Osborne Shannon , Zager Michael , Gujral Taranjit S
Published: October 2023

Cytokines and chemokines are secreted proteins that regulate various biological processes, such as inflammation, immune response, and cell differentiation. Therefore, disruption of signaling pathways involving these proteins has been linked to a range of diseases, including cancer. However, targeting individual cytokines, chemokines, or their receptors is challenging due to their regulatory redundancy and incomplete understanding of their signaling networks. To transform these difficult-to-drug targets into a pharmacologically manageable class, we developed a web-based platform called KinCytE. This platform was designed to link the effects of kinase inhibitors, a well-established class of drugs, with cytokine and chemokine release and signaling networks. The resulting KinCytE platform enables users to investigate protein kinases that regulate specific cytokines or chemokines, generate a ranked list of FDA-approved kinase inhibitors that affect cytokine/chemokine activity, and explore and visualize cytokine signaling network thus facilitating drugging this challenging target class. KinCytE is freely accessible via https://atlas.fredhutch.org/kincyte.
Acetylcholine Modulates the Precision of Prediction Error in the Auditory Cortex
Authors: Pérez-González David , Lao-Rodríguez Ana B. , Aedo-Sánchez Cristian , Malmierca Manuel S.
Published: October 2023

A fundamental property of sensory systems is their ability to detect novel stimuli in the environment. The auditory brain contains neurons that decrease their response to repetitive sounds but that increase their firing rate to novel or deviant stimuli; the difference between both responses is known as stimulus-specific adaptation or neuronal mismatch (nMM). Here, we tested the effect of microiontophoretic applications of ACh on the neuronal responses in the auditory cortex (AC) of anesthetized rats during an auditory oddball paradigm, including cascade controls. Results indicate that ACh modulates the nMM, affecting prediction error responses but not repetition suppression, and this effect is manifest predominantly in infragranular cortical layers. The differential effect of ACh on responses to standards, relative to deviants (in terms of averages and variances), were consistent with the representational sharpening that accompanies an increase in the precision of prediction errors. These findings suggest that ACh plays an important role in modulating prediction error signaling in the AC and gating the access of these signals to higher cognitive levels.
Adoption Theories for Internet Banking in Uganda
Authors: Kyambade Mahadih , Ssentumbwe Abdul Male , Namatovu Afulah
Published: October 2023

A lot of academic research has been done on Internet banking (IB). This study examines the IB literature through the prisms of nine adoption hypotheses. This review indicates that IB adoption is a complicated and multifaceted process; joint consideration of customers' personal, social, psychological, utilitarian, and behavioral aspects is essential; managers and system developers ought to implement a customer-centric approach focusing on managing belief formation rather than directly impacting behavior.  However, the quality of IB research is unclear, and there is little consensus on the methodologies and conceptualizations employed to comprehend the ideas that actually shape IB behavior. There is a dearth of research on the use of interventions that can help managers make wise choices and hasten the adoption process. Understanding the cognitive, emotional, and contextual processes of the client is more crucial than adoption itself because it will ultimately lead to the desired action.
Transparency in Coverage Data and Variation in Prices for Common Health Care Services
Authors: Chartock Benjamin L. , Simon Kosali , Whaley Christopher M.
Published: October 2023

This cross-sectional study describes the health care prices publicly posted by Humana and the price variations by geography, service, and other factors.
Identification of pathogenic germline variants in a large Chinese lung cancer cohort by clinical sequencing
Authors: Yu Zhe , Zhang Zirui , Liu Jun , Wu Xiaoying , Fan Xiaojun , Pang Jiaohui , Bao Hua , Yin Jiani , Wu Xue , Shao Yang , Liu Zhengcheng , Liu Fang
Published: October 2023

Genetic factors play significant roles in the tumorigenicity of lung cancer; however, there is lack of systematic and large‐scale characterization of pathogenic germline variants for lung cancer. In this study, germline variants in 146 preselected cancer‐susceptibility genes were detected in 17 904 Chinese lung cancer patients by clinical next‐generation sequencing. Among 17 904 patients, 1738 patients (9.7%) carried 1840 pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants from 87 cancer‐susceptibility genes. SBDS (SBDS ribosome maturation factor) (1.37%), TSHR (thyroid stimulating hormone receptor) (1.20%), BLM (BLM RecQ like helicase) (0.62%), BRCA2 (BRCA2 DNA repair associated) (0.62%), and ATM (ATM serine/threonine kinase) (0.45%) were the top five genes with the highest overall prevalence. The top mutated pathways were all involved in DNA damage repair (DDR). Case–control analysis showed SBDS c.184A>T(p.K62*), TSHR c.1574T>C(p.F525S), BRIP1 (BRCA1 interacting helicase 1) c.1018C>T(p.L340F), and MUTYH (mutY DNA glycosylase) c.55C>T(p.R19*) were significantly associated with increased lung cancer risk (q value < 0.05). P/LP variants in certain genes were associated with early onset of lung cancer. Our study indicates that Chinese lung cancer patients have a higher prevalence of P/LP variants than previously reported. P/LP variants are distributed in multiple pathways and dominated by DNA damage repair‐associated pathways. The association between identified P/LP variants and lung cancer risk requires further studies for verification.
Clinical, Health‐Related Quality of Life, and Gait Differences Among Obesity Classes in Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Messier Stephen P. , Gill Malia E. , Mihalko Shannon L. , Beavers Daniel P. , Queen Kate , Miller Gary D. , Losina Elena , Katz Jeffrey N. , Loeser Richard F. , DeVita Paul , Hunter David J. , Quandt Sara A. , Lyles Mary F. , Hudson David , Callahan Leigh F.
Published: October 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine whether clinical, health‐related quality of life (HRQL), and gait characteristics in adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA) differed by obesity category.

Methods

This cross‐sectional analysis of 823 older adults (mean age 64.6 years, SD 7.8 years) with knee OA and overweight or obesity compared clinical, HRQL, and gait outcomes among obesity classifications (overweight or class I, body mass index [BMI] 27.0–34.9; class II, BMI 35.0–39.9; class III BMI ≥40.0).

Results

Patients with class III obesity had worse Western Ontario McMasters Universities Arthritis Index knee pain (0–20) than the overweight or class I (mean 8.6 vs 7.0; difference 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–2.1; P < 0.0001) and class II (mean 8.6 vs 7.4; difference 1.1; 95% CI 0.6–1.7; P = 0.0002) obesity groups. The Short Form 36 physical HRQL measure was lower in the class III obesity group compared to the overweight or class I (mean 31.0 vs 37.3; difference −6.2; 95% CI −7.8 to −4.7; P < 0.0001) and class II (mean 31.0 vs 35.0; difference −3.9; 95% CI −5.6 to −2.2; P < 0.0001) obesity groups. The class III obesity group had a base of support (cm) during gait that was wider than that for the overweight or class I (mean 14.0 vs 11.6; difference 3.3; 95% CI 2.6–4.0; P < 0.0001) and class II (mean 14.0 vs 11.6; difference 2.4; 95% CI 1.6–3.2; P < 0.0001) obesity groups.

Conclusion

Among adults with knee OA, those with class III obesity had significantly higher pain levels and worse physical HRQL and gait characteristics compared to adults with overweight or class I or class II obesity.

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Physical Performance in a Diverse, Population‐Based Cohort of Individuals With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Plantinga Laura C. , Bowling C. Barrett , Hoge Courtney , Dunlop‐Thomas Charmayne , Pearce Bradley D. , Lim S. Sam , Drenkard Cristina
Published: October 2023

Objective

To report the burden and correlates of poor physical performance in a diverse cohort of individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

In this single‐visit study of 446 individuals with SLE from a population‐based metropolitan Atlanta cohort, we measured physical performance via the Short Physical Performance Battery (score range 0–12; intermediate‐low [<10] vs high [≥10]). We also collected demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables and examined the associations (adjusted odds ratios [aORs]) of intermediate‐low versus high physical performance with these characteristics via multivariable logistic regression.

Results

We found that more than half (59.6%) of our participants had poorer (intermediate‐low) overall physical performance. Only 7% of the cohort received the maximum score on the lower body strength task versus 90% and 76% receiving the maximum scores on balance and gait speed tasks. Current employment status (aOR 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45–1.05) and higher cognitive functioning (aOR 0.57, 95% CI 0.42–0.77) were strongly associated with lower odds of intermediate‐low physical performance. Higher body mass index (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.01–1.56), disease activity (aOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.27–1.98), and disease burden (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.08–1.77) were associated with poorer performance, as were higher depressive symptoms, perceived stress scores, and lower educational attainment (not statistically significant).

Conclusion

In our population‐based, primarily Black cohort, we found that individuals with SLE commonly had poor physical performance. We identified both SLE‐ and non‐SLE–specific factors that could help clinicians identify those most at risk for poor physical performance and intervene to improve, maintain, and support physical performance among those with SLE.

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Smart Textile Optoelectronics for Human‐Interfaced Logic Systems
Authors: Peng Hongyun , Li Huiqiao , Tao Guangming , Xia Liangjun , Xu Weilin , Zhai Tianyou
Published: October 2023

Textiles with a freedom of form factor, unlimited scalability, and high programmability provide an ideal platform for constructing wearable optoelectronic systems. The emerging wearable technologies, like artificial intelligence and Internet of Things, have driven the development of textile optoelectronics from simple functional blocks to sophisticated logic systems, offering a seamless, breathable, and programmable on‐body platform to synergistically sense, analyze, store, and feedback information in response to complex commands. In the past few years, the creation of such smart textile optoelectronics‐based logic systems is boosted by nanomaterial science and manufacturing integration technologies and has revolutionized human–machine interaction paradigms in numerous emerging fields. Herein, in this review, the recent progress of smart textile optoelectronics for human‐interfaced logic systems is timely summarized. This review begins with a concise discussion about the wearability evaluation and integration consideration of textile optoelectronic devices. Then, important breakthroughs in human‐interfaced logic systems based on smart textile optoelectronics are demonstrated by highlighting their representative device, working principle, and application scenarios. Finally, the existing challenges and potential directions in the field of textile optoelectronics‐integrated logic systems are analyzed.
Continuous Emulsion Channels Achieved by Controlling the Aqueous–Oil Interface Solely with Rough Colloids
Authors: Chen Wenbin , Kato Airi N. , Dai Lijun , Clegg Paul S. , Li Tao
Published: October 2023

As a new class of soft materials, continuous emulsion channels have been successfully stabilized solely by rough colloids, which exhibit unique capability in sterically controlling liquid–liquid interfaces. Once jammed at the interface, the roughness‐enhanced frictions can slow down the dynamics of phase separation, and the interlocking behaviors would constrain their relative motions and generate force structures that provide mechanical support for the created emulsions. Ethanol is used to ensure the particles’ absorption, whose migration can modify the interfacial tension, and increase the solubility of active ingredients (e.g., curcumin). Applying rough colloids in ethanol‐containing systems opens new pathways toward the generation of novel structures and materials, where the parallel but separate functionalities provided by various phases demonstrate wide‐ranging applications, especially in delivery systems with variably soluble components.
Hydrogen Bond Reorganization‐Enabled Dielectric Pulsing Effects in Polar Polymers
Authors: Li Zhenzhen , Gong Yutie , Li Hairong , Jiang Ming , Dong Lijie
Published: October 2023

Phase transition and relaxation, both essentially molecular motions, are critical mechanisms that determine the mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal behaviors of polymer materials. For decades, hydrogen bonding has played an essential role in the modulation of molecular motions and material properties. However, in the design of stimulus‐responsive dielectric materials and the modulation of their properties, the role of hydrogen bonding has been rarely investigated, and its effect on dielectric response behavior remains elusive. Here, observations and proof that hydrogen bond reorganization is able to act as the origin of the dielectric pulsing effect in polar semicrystalline polymers by in situ testing is presented. A two‐step hydrogen bond reorganization drives molecular chain relaxation in polar semicrystalline polymers causing a strong dielectric response behavior, opening up the possibility of modulating dielectric response behavior through hydrogen bonding. Moreover, electrode polarization can synergize with interfacial and dipolar polarizations to enhance the dielectric pulsing effect. This study also provides a blow‐spinning method for preparing large‐area, flat, flexible, lightweight, and recyclable thermo‐responsive dielectric films by continuous, efficient, and low‐cost processing.
Regulated Ion‐Conductive Electrode–Electrolyte Interface by In Situ Gelation for Stable Zinc Metal Anode
Authors: Meng Xinyu , Zhou Shuang , Li Jianwen , Chen Yining , Lin Shangyong , Han Chao , Pan Anqiang
Published: October 2023

Dendritic growth and severe side reactions remain challenging problems for advancing aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. Those critical issues are closely related to the interfacial chemistry, solvation structure, and transportation kinetics of zinc ions. Herein, a regulated ion‐conductive electrode–electrolyte interface (PVA‐Zn(CF3SO3)2‐Si3N4, denoted as PZS) on Zn metal has been in situ constructed, which simultaneously solves the above‐mentioned issues. PZS can effectively accelerate ion transportation and extrude interfacial water, thus endowing dendrite‐free Zn deposition and eliminating side reactions. Benefiting from these features, the PZS‐Zn exhibits stable and reversible Zn stripping/plating with an ultralong cycling life of 3800 h, and an ultrahigh Coulombi efficiency of 99.8%. The full cell paired with the NH4V4O10 cathode runs stably over 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1 with near 100% capacity retention and is demonstrated to cycle up to 200 times along with 71.94% capacity retention in a practical cathode‐anode coupling configuration pouch cell. With this interfacial design, the assembled zinc batteries display excellent cycling stability, paving a practical way for aqueous Zn‐storage systems.
Enhancing Photocatalysis: Understanding the Mechanistic Diversity in Photocatalysts Modified with Single‐Atom Catalytic Sites
Authors: Kruczała Krzysztof , Neubert Susann , Dhaka Kapil , Mitoraj Dariusz , Jánošíková Petra , Adler Christiane , Krivtsov Igor , Patzsch Julia , Bloh Jonathan , Biskupek Johannes , Kaiser Ute , Hocking Rosalie K. , Caspary Toroker Maytal , Beranek Radim
Published: October 2023

Surface modification of heterogeneous photocatalysts with single‐atom catalysts (SACs) is an attractive approach for achieving enhanced photocatalytic performance. However, there is limited knowledge of the mechanism of photocatalytic enhancement in SAC‐modified photocatalysts, which makes the rational design of high‐performance SAC‐based photocatalysts challenging. Herein, a series of photocatalysts for the aerobic degradation of pollutants based on anatase TiO2 modified with various low‐cost, non‐noble SACs (vanadate, Cu, and Fe ions) is reported. The most active SAC‐modified photocatalysts outperform TiO2 modified with the corresponding metal oxide nanoparticles and state‐of‐the‐art benchmark photocatalysts such as platinized TiO2 and commercial P25 powders. A combination of in situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and theoretical calculations reveal that the best‐performing photocatalysts modified with Cu(II) and vanadate SACs exhibit significant differences in the mechanism of activity enhancement, particularly with respect to the rate of oxygen reduction. The superior performance of vanadate SAC‐modified TiO2 is found to be related to the shallow character of the SAC‐induced intragap states, which allows for both the effective extraction of photogenerated electrons and fast catalytic turnover in the reduction of dioxygen, which translates directly into diminished recombination. These results provide essential guidelines for developing efficient SAC‐based photocatalysts.