bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equivalence Scales, Costs of Children and Wrongful Death Laws
Authors: Lewbel Arthur , Weckstein Richard
Published: October 2021

Wrongful death laws in the United States contain a concept of ‘net income', loosely defined as the deceased’s income minus his personal expenses. The family’s compensation is determined by a welfare comparison, obtained by introspection on the part of the judge or jury, but incorporating net income information that may be supplied by an economist. The relationship between equivalence scale and net income calculations are discussed, along with implications of equivalence scale identification problems for wrongful death compensation calculations. The net income concept is shown to be very closely related to the calculation of the costs of children.
A Profile of International Inequality
Authors: Podder N.
Published: October 2021

This paper attempts to portray a profile of international inequality or inequality of real income among nations, assuming that total income of every country is equally distributed among its population. Also, in an attempt to find the contributions of incomes of different groups of countries to total inequality, a new method of disaggregation of the Gini coefficient is applied to global inequality. While only two types of grouping are analyzed, the method is flexible enough to deal with any type of grouping. It is demonstrated that important questions regarding the effects of economic growth in a subgroup of countries on global inequality can be answered using this method. Thus, the elasticities of the Gini coefficient of the disparity among countries with respect to income of specific groups are presented.
Income Inequality Trends and their Challenges to Redistribution
Policies in Japan
Authors: Fukawa Tetsuo , Oshio Takashi
Published: October 2021

This article is an overview of income inequality trends during the
1980s and 1990s and a discussion of their challenges to redistribution
policies in Japan. The key results are summarized as follows. First, a
widening disparity in market income for the working-age population
has been driving rising income inequality in society as a whole, while
population aging has added to the uptrend. Second, wide income inequality
for the aged population reflects high rates of co-residency and
labor force participation among the elderly. This unique feature to the
Japanese elderly explains the fact that population aging has led to a rise
in overall inequality measures. Third, the current scheme of redistribution
policies is less effective for reducing income inequality compared
to other countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development countries (OECD), leaving distribution of disposable income
relatively uneven in Japan.
The Role of Married Women's Labor Supply on Family
Earnings Distribution in Japan
Authors: Abe Yukiko , Oishi Akiko S.
Published: October 2021

In this article, we empirically examine the impact of wives' participation
in the labor market on family earnings inequality, by paying
attention to the dynamic aspect of labor supply by wives. We find
that wives' earnings have a moderate equalizing effect on family earnings
inequality. Unlike in the United States, cohort effects in earnings
inequality are relatively small in Japan. The correlation between husbands'
and wives' earnings is small for almost every cohort in our
cross-sectional data. The analysis of panel data suggests that married
women's employment has a strong persistence, which has a significant
impact on the level of family earnings.
The Distribution of Landed Properties by Value and Area: A Methodological Essay based on Prussian Data, 1886-1913
Authors: Eddie S. M.
Published: October 2021

Land ownership primarily determines the distribution of income and wealth in an agrarian society, but lack of market value data has hitherto hindered study of the distribution of land ownership. This problem can be overcome using readily available data - tax assessments or even simple area - which prove to be remarkably good proxy variables for market value of agricultural land. The contention is argued abstractly, then illustrated using Prussian data. A regression procedure establishes what price each of 716 properties purchased between 1886 and 1913 by the Settlement Commission for Posen and West Prussia would have commanded in the market in 1913, then the distribution of these 1913 values is compared to those of the land tax assessments of the areas of these same properties. The near-identity of the distributions implies that a treasure trove of available data on land distribution awaits exploration by researchers interested in the distribution of income and wealth.
Equality and Efficiency: The Big Tradeoff or a Free Lunch
Authors: Tiemstra J. P.
Published: October 2021

Arthur Okun’s famous 1974 book codified the received wisdom in economics that there is a tradeoff between equality and efficiency. Okun thought more equality was worth the cost, even though the incidence of poverty was lower and tax rates were higher when he wrote than they are now. More recent writers have challenged the tradeoff view on the grounds that great inequality of worker compensation decreases morale and reduces mass purchasing power, but this argument does not address the cost of greater redistribution by government. This article argues that government efforts to reduce poverty will result in greater economic efficiency in the U.S. because, currently, American social values lead to policies that try to correct the costly consequences of poverty but rule out policies that address the causes of poverty and prevent its social costs.
Some Longitudinal Results of the Belgian Socio-Economic Panel
Authors: Deleeck H. , Cantillon B. , Meulemans B. , Van den Bosch K.
Published: October 2021

In this paper we present some important results on poverty in longitudinal perspective, based on two waves (1985 and 1988) of the Belgian Socio-Economic Panel, a household panel survey. The most important finding is that the number of longer term poor turns out to be considerably smaller than (about half as small as) the number of poor at one moment in time. We also investigate the characteristics of the longer term poor, as well as the incidence and outcomes of some important life events in terms of income, welfare, and poverty. The results are briefly compared with those for other European countries.
The Interpretation of Interpersonal Utility Comparisons: Positive, Normative and Descriptive
Authors: Davis J. B.
Published: October 2021

While interpersonal utility comparisons are indispensable to the determination of utility maxima, their interpretation as either normative or positive produces awkward conclusions. This paper alternatively reinterprets interpersonal utility comparisons as descriptive and value-laden rather than as either normative or positive. On this basis they are characterized as functional concepts, and are thus argued to be objective. This treatment suggests that it is possible to derive evaluative statements from descriptive ones, contrary to the usual view of the is-ought problem. Recent philosophy of the language results are employed to support these views.
The Preferential Option for the Poor and the Marian-Christian Perspective On Distributive Justice
Authors: Worland S. T.
Published: October 2021

Liberation Theology seems to have Roman Catholic social Teaching (1) shift from a naturalistic, Aristotelian conception of distributive justice to a Biblical perspective expresses as the preferential option for the poor, (2) advocate an ‘hermeneutic privilege for the poor’ which assigns the poor a cognitive role similar to that accorded to the proletariat by Marx. The apparent hostility to capitalism reflected in the preferential option and the espousal of such a hermeneutic privilege raise the question – according to the Church’s teaching, is a committed believer obligated to work for the overthrow of capitalism? Citing (a) the formal identity of the preferential option with the Rawls difference principle; (b) the espousal of Pareto efficiency as an appropriate policy objective in key Church documents, the author concludes that commitment to the preferential option implies commitment to 'Pareto optimality’ and that Catholic social doctrine as currently taught does not require the repudiation of capitalism.
Vitiligo and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Sandru Florica ,   Department of Dermatology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Carsote Mara ,   Department of Endocrinology, C. I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   * Corresponding Author: Mara Carsote, C.I.Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, Aviatorilor Ave 34-38, 011683, Bucharest, Romania. E-mail: carsote_m@hotmail.com, Albu Simona Elena ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Dumitrascu Mihai Cristian ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Valea Ana ,   Department of Endocrinology, Clinical County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,   Department of Endocrinology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: October 2021

Vitiligo, the discoloration of the skin, has different autoimmune mechanisms reflected by many biomarkers as shown by skin histology, staining for CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes, chemokine ligand 9 or circulating cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta, interferon (IFN)-gamma, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, antibodies, markers of oxidative stress, chemokines, and others. In this narrative review, we aim to overview vitiligo in relationship with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Regarding vitiligo, more than 50 different genetic loci have been associated with this disease, and the heritability is high. There is a 20% risk of an environmental connection which may also act as a trigger; moreover, the association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression is well recognized. The specific lesions display CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells as continuous key activators of melanocytes. The association with chronic thyroiditis is based on common autoimmune background and excessive reactive oxygen species that destroy melanocytes and thyrocytes (oxidative stress hypothesis) with thyroxine and melanin as target molecules, thus sharing a common origin: tyrosine. Moreover, common epigenetic anomalies or mutations of the Forkhead transcription factor D3 (FOXD3) have been described. Since vitiligo affects up to 1–2% of the population worldwide and 34% of patients have positive thyroid antibodies, apart from common autoimmunity background and oxidative stress toxicity, the association is clinically relevant for different practitioners.
The use of mobile health interventions for gestational diabetes mellitus: a descriptive literature review
Authors: Zahmatkeshan Maryam ,   Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran,   Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran, Zakerabasali Somayyeh ,   Department of Health Information Management, Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, Farjam Mojtaba ,   Clinical Research Development Unit, Valie-Asr Hospital, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran, Gholampour Yousef ,   Medical School, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran, Seraji Maryam ,   Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran, Yazdani Azita ,   Department of Health Information Management, Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,   * Corresponding Author: Azita Yazdani, Assistant Professor, Department of Health Information Management, Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Phone: 989171530846. E-mail: A_yazdani@sums.ac.ir
Published: October 2021

This study attempted to review the evidence for or against the effectiveness of mobile health (m-health) interventions on health outcomes improvement and/or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) management. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases were searched from 2000 to 10 July 2018 to find studies investigating the effect of m-health on GDM management. After removing duplications, a total of 27 articles met our defined inclusion criteria. m-health interventions were implemented by smartphone, without referring to its type, in 26% (7/27) of selected studies, short message service (SMS) in 14.9% (4/27), mobile-based applications in 33.3% (9/27), telemedicine-based on smartphones in 18.5% (5/27), and SMS reminder system in 7.1% (2/27). Most of the included studies (n=23) supported the effectiveness of m-health interventions on GDM management and 14.3% (n=4) reported no association between m-health interventions and pregnancy outcomes. Based on our findings, m-health interventions could enhance GDM patients' pregnancy outcomes. A majority of the included studies suggested positive outcomes. M-health can be one of the most prominent technologies for the management of GDM.
Low-level laser therapy in temporomandibular joint disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Ahmad Syed Ansar ,   Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India, Hasan Shamimul ,   Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India,   *Corresponding Author: Dr. Shamimul Hasan, Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India. Phone: 9953290676 E-mail: shasan1@jmi.ac.in, Saeed Shazina ,   Laboratory of Disease Dynamics and Molecular Epidemiology, Amity Institute of Public Health, Amity university, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, Khan Ateeba ,   Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India, Khan Munna ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
Published: October 2021

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) encompass a wide array of ailments affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), muscles of mastication, and the allied structural framework. Myofascial pain, internal derangement of the joint, and degenerative joint diseases constitute the majority of TMDs. TMDs usually have a multifactorial etiology, and treatment modalities range from conservative therapies to surgical interventions. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has evolved as an efficient non-invasive therapeutic modality in TMDs. Previously conducted systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown variable results regarding the efficiency of LLLT in TMJ disorder patients. Hence, this systematic review was carried out as an attempt to evaluate the efficacy of LLLT in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorder patients.
Knowledge, attitude and practice towards COVID-19 among individuals with associated comorbidities
Authors: Saeed Shazina ,   Laboratory of Disease Dynamics and Molecular Epidemiology, Amity Institute of Public Health, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India,   Laboratory of Disease Dynamics and Molecular Epidemiology, Amity Institute of Public Health, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India,   Laboratory of Disease Dynamics and Molecular Epidemiology, Amity Institute of Public Health, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India,   * Corresponding Author: Dr. Shazina Saeed, Laboratory of Disease Dynamics and Molecular Epidemiology, Amity Institute of Public Health, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India. E-mail: ssaeed@amity.edu, Awasthi Aanchal Anant ,   Health Data Analytics and Visualization Environment Laboratory, Amity Institute of Public Health, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India, Nandi Dhruv , Kaur Karunanidhi , Hasan Shamimul ,   Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India, Janardhanan Rajiv ,   Health Data Analytics and Visualization Environment Laboratory, Amity Institute of Public Health, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
Published: October 2021

The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the worst global crisis after World War II. Since the vaccine trials are still ongoing, the national lockdowns have been the most effective way to contain its spread. The pandemic has been extremely stressful and full of anxiety for those with comorbidities as they are the most vulnerable to the COVID-19 infections. Various efforts to assess and enhance the knowledge, attitudes, and practice, especially the high-risk groups, are critical to managing the COVID-19 pandemic successfully. A cross-sectional online survey was carried out using a self-designed questionnaire. A total of 383 participants who were 30 years or older, with at least one comorbidity, were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 50.63±11.83 years. The most common comorbidities among the included participants were hypertension, followed by diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders (48.5%, 44.7% and 23.3%, respectively). Our study also showed the education (p=0.004) and occupation (p=0.04) had a significant association with the attitude and practices towards the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, our study showed that a high level of knowledge, attitude, and practices are the backbone to combat a global crisis like COVID-19.
Private trade in the years of NEP: Russian historiography of the 1920s–1980s
Authors: Kilin Aleksei
Published: October 2021

The goal of this research lies in the analysis of Russian historiography of the 1920s–1980s dedicated to private trade in the years of NEP. The presented material is valuable for familiarization with the problem navigating through the variety of publications, as well as for in-depth study of the topic, such as writing historiographical sections of dissertations. The material is systematized on the basis of problematic-chronological approach, and includes stages that are traditional for the Russian historiography. The staged vary in content, covering NEP as a whole and its separate aspects, such as specificity of functionality of mixed economy, goods-money relations, analysis of commercial practices in different economic sectors, and social aspects of private entrepreneurship. The period of the new economic policy is the dynamic and contradictory stage of the national history; there are multiple opinions and discussions around the alternatives to the development of the country. Multistructurality of the economy implied multilayeredness and polemical sharpness of arguments that unfolded at that time and left a mark in the historiography of 1920s. On the other hand, monostructurality of the economy and ideocratic approach in science led to the interpretation of NEP as a ‘”departure”. In the historiography of 1930s – early 1980s, private trade was openly marginalized, and the variety of ongoing processes was reduced to the struggle of private owner with collectivized sector solely within the framework of the antagonistic concept of “class warfare”. Since the mid-1980, the researchers once again addressed the issues that were relevant in the 1920s. The return to variety of interpretations was on the background of convergence of the Russian and foreign historiography in the context of seeking the alternatives to the “Marxist-Leninist concept of the historical process”.
On the concept of honor in mentality of the Russian landowners of the XVII century
Authors: Tikhonova Vera Borisovna
Published: October 2021

The interdisciplinary approach that takes into account various points of view allows revealing the representations of honor in mentality of the Russian landowners of the XVII century. These representations are analyzed both in the context of national mentality of the XVII century overall, and within the privileged class. The article examines different meanings of honor typical to Russia of the XVII century: ancestral, official, corporate, spiritual, as well as assumptions on the presence of personal honor. Plausible mental representations of the honor of county landowners of the XVII century are viewed from the social, legal, spiritual, moral, and military-professional perspectives. The author goes along with the concepts that attribute honor to the fundamental concepts of national mentality of the XVII century. There are several meanings of honor: the medieval ideal of honor as virtue prevalent in Moscow society, honor of the rank, although the complete dominance of the latter in mentality of the XVII century seems exaggerated. The entire privileged class of the Russian society attached great importance to the meaning of “homeland”, while the provincial landowners valued the length of service. The author believes that the idea of syncretism of honor expressed by the scholars about Middle Ages also pertains to the Moscow period. The honor of noblemen and children of court nobility on the ancestral, corporate and personal levels was an achievement based on “accumulative” principle. The resentment of duels by the Russian privileged ranks of the XVII century, who defended their honor in a lawful manner, deserves particular attention. The representations of honor of the county landowners was stressed by mass poverty and closeness to the lower social classes, which encouraged to stay in the privileged environment. This was accompanied by continuous struggle for retaining paternal, official, corporate, personal honor.
Entropy estimation of the fragments of chest X-ray images
Authors: Rumyantsev Aleksei Aleksandrovich , Bikmuratov Farkhad Mansurovich , Pashin Nikolai Pavlovich
Published: October 2021

The subject of this research is medical chest X-ray images. After fundamental pre-processing, the accumulated database of such images can be used for training deep convolutional neural networks that have become one of the most significant innovations in recent years. The trained network carries out preliminary binary classification of the incoming images and serve as an assistant to the radiotherapist. For this purpose, it is necessary to train the neural network to carefully minimize type I and type II errors. Possible approach towards improving the effectiveness of application of neural networks, by the criteria of reducing computational complexity and quality of image classification, is the auxiliary approaches: image pre-processing and preliminary calculation of entropy of the fragments. The article provides the algorithm for X-ray image pre-processing, its fragmentation, and calculation of the entropy of separate fragments. In the course of pre-processing, the region of lungs and spine is selected, which comprises approximately 30-40% of the entire image. Then the image is divided into the matrix of fragments, calculating the entropy of separate fragments in accordance with Shannon’s formula based pm the analysis of individual pixels. Determination of the rate of occurrence of each of the 255 colors allows calculating the total entropy. The use of entropy for detecting pathologies is based on the assumption that its values differ for separate fragments and overall picture of its distribution between the images with the norm and pathologies. The article analyzes the statistical values: standard deviation of error, dispersion. A fully connected neural network is used for determining the patterns in distribution of entropy and its statistical characteristics on various fragments of the chest X-ray image.
Modification of the Marquardt method for training a neural network predictor in eddy viscosity models
Authors: Pekunov Vladimir Viktorovich
Published: October 2021

The subject of this article is the numerical optimization techniques used in training neural networks that serve as predicate components in certain modern eddy viscosity models. Qualitative solution to the problem of training (minimization of the functional of neural network offsets) often requires significant computational costs, which necessitates to increase the speed of such training based on combination of numerical methods and parallelization of calculations. The Marquardt method draws particular interest, as it contains  the parameter that allows speeding up the solution by switching the method from the descent away from the solution to the Newton’s method of approximate solution. The article offers modification of the Marquardt method, which uses the limited series of random samples for improving the current point and calculate the parameter of the method. The author demonstrate descent characteristics of the method in numerical experiments, both on the test functions of Himmelblau and Rosenbrock, as well as the actual task of training the neural network predictor applies in modeling of the turbulent flows. The use of this method may significantly speed up the training of neural network predictor in corrective models of eddy viscosity. The method is less time-consuming in comparison with random search, namely in terms of a small amount of compute kernels; however, it provides solution that is close to the result of random search and is better than the original Marquardt method.
Nonlinear Filter and Neural Modeling for Calibration of Aircraft Airdata System
Authors: Mohamed Majeed , Joy Nidhin
Published: October 2021

Calibration of aircraft airdata system deals with the reconstruction of flight path trajectories from the noisy flight data using six-degree-of-freedom equations of aircraft. Aircraft system dynamics are highly nonlinear in rapid variations of the aircraft motion and require the use of a nonlinear filtering algorithm. In this paper, a methodology based on data-driven decision making is introduced to obtain the accurate values of aircraft flow angles (angle of attack and angle of sideslip) and static pressure from its noisy measurements. For this, the integration of fault detection and isolation approach to the adaptive nonlinear filter is applied to dynamic maneuvers, and a neural model of calibration function is established over a flight envelope using the filter estimates. A deterministic airdata calibration function is derived by estimating its coefficients from the established neural model using the neural partial differentiation method. The cascading impact of adaptive estimation and neural modeling of airdata calibration function reduces the development cost of an aircraft. The investigations are initially made on simulated flight data under various conditions of wind and turbulence and later extended to the flight data of aircraft to identify the calibration function valid over a flight envelope. The complementary flight data are used to validate the calibration function and are compared with online estimation results of the robust filter. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can isolate and rectify the fault and exhibits more accurate estimates directly with neural modeling than the nonadaptive version of the filter.
Salud mental comunitaria
Authors: Méndez Montaño Jeannette Amanda
Published: October 2021

La autora presenta una revisión y reflexión que parte de la sociedad y la salud para poder pensar en salud mental comunitaria.
Comunidad con población preescolar
Authors: Duarte Torres Sylvia Cristina , Guevara Sánchez María del Pilar
Published: October 2021

Se muestran los resultados de un programa de detección de riesgos psicosociales realizado entre 1994 y 1996 en una comunidad marginal al sur oriente de Santafé de Bogotá. Para este estudio se escogió la Concentración Infantil Santo Domingo Sabio, la cual dá una cobertura a 300 niños en los niveles de prekinder, kinder y transición de ambos sexos en edades entre tres y cinco años. Se inicia con un proceso evaluativo y diagnóstico para determinar aspectos sensoriales, motores, cognitivos, lingüísticos y adaptativos de la población realizando paralelamente un análisis ambiental. La interpretación de los datos obtenidos permitió realizar un programa de promoción y prevención para ser efectuado con padres y maestros en la cotidianidad escolar y familiar. Siendo realizado con un equipo interdisciplinario, dando respuesta a las necesidades de la población de manera integral.
Hemorragia digestiva e embolização arterial no Brasil: estudo sobre a distribuição e mortalidade
Authors: Amer Shádya Teixeira , Rocha Jorge Patrick Silva da , Queiroz Apolone da Mota , Júnior José Wilker Gomes de Castro , José Bárbara Mendonça Paiva Antonio , Oliveira Charlon Costa de , Hage Lucas Dantas da Silva Mufarrej , Calvo Faustino Chaves , Santos Deivid Ramos dos , Teixeira Renan Kleber Costa
Published: October 2021

Objetivos: Analisar a ocorrência da distribuição e mortalidade relacionadas a embolização arterial da hemorragia digestiva realizados no Sistema Único de Saúde. Métodos: Pesquisa quantitativa, retrospectiva e descritiva, realizada a partir da coleta em base de dados disponibilizada pelo Sistema de Informações Hospitalares, sob o código 0406040192, referente ao procedimento de embolização arterial de hemorragia digestiva, no período de 2014 a 2020. Resultados: Foram notificados 1.435 procedimentos de embolização arterial. O Sudeste foi responsável por 48,01% casos. A Região Norte foi responsável por 0,28%. De todos os procedimentos registrados, 40,63% são decorrentes do estado de São Paulo, seguidos de Pernambuco (21,53%, n= 309) e Rio Grande do Sul (9,69%, n= 139). O Centro-Oeste foi responsável pela maior taxa de mortalidade. Conclusão: Observou-se discrepância da distribuição dos casos por estado e região. Foi identificado completa ausência de registros de mais de 7 estados durante o período estudado, apontando falta dessa modalidade terapêutica e/ou subnotificação e subinformação relacionada ao procedimento analisado.
As estratégias de enfrentamento do COVID-19 pela atenção básica
Authors: Nascimento Davi Ramos do , Costa Michela Macedo Lima , Matos Lucas Fernandes Soares , Souza Júlia Trancoso de , Mendes Lorem Iasmin Pereira , Leite Caio Ferreira , Santos Gabriela Pires dos , Sanabria John Junior Sanzetenea , Souza Tauany Maria de Cássia , Magalhães Loren Mayara Martins
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Analisar quais foram as estratégias de promoção da saúde utilizadas pela Atenção Básica no combate contra o COVID-19. Revisão bibliográfica: A Atenção Primária a Saúde (APS) se estabeleceu como um dos componentes mais abrangente na atenção à saúde, tendo em vista sua longitudinalidade para o cuidado que se traduz em uma melhora na qualidade de vida da população. Entretanto, desde o início da pandemia pelo COVID-19, declarada em 11 de março de 2020, o sistema de saúde público brasileiro vem sendo posto em prova, necessitando de medidas inovadoras que garantam a integralidade da saúde da população, tendo a APS, um papel fundamental no processo de impedimento da progressão dessa pandemia. Considerações finais: Visto o perfil desafiador da pandemia pelo COVID-19, ações como a vigilância em saúde, suporte aos pacientes com COVID-19, apoio social aos grupos vulneráveis e continuidade das ações próprias da APS se tornaram fundamentais para o combate contra a pandemia. Assim sendo, este estudo apresenta fundamentação teórica sobre as principais medidas utilizadas pela atenção primária no combate à pandemia.
Landnetz Impulse - Erprobungsfeld für digitale ländliche Netze
Authors:   Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft  und Geologie, Bergfeld Uwe , Boye Fredrik ,   Fraunhofer-Institut für Verkehrs- und Infrastruktursysteme IVI, Deutsch Maximilian ,   Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft  und Geologie, Fehrmann Jens , Fettweis Gerhard , Franchi Norman , Heisig Frank , Herlitzius Thomas , Heyde Dorothée , Kewitz Stefanie , Klingner Matthias , Kunkel Till , Lassen Vincent , Raabe Isabel , Striller Benjamin , Vetter Anja , Welsch Thomas
Published: October 2021

Die produzierende Landwirtschaft kann mit Hilfe geeigneter digitaler Werkzeuge und deren Einsatz in den Prozessabläufen den steigenden Anforderungen an eine moderne und zukunftsfähige Landbewirtschaftung erfolgreich begegnen. Eine dafür wesentliche Voraussetzung, die der drahtlosen Kommunikation, steht aktuell jedoch weder flächendeckend und durchgängig noch zuverlässig zur Verfügung. Das Experimentierfeld LANDNETZ adressiert diese Herausforderung und entwickelt und erprobt Strategien zur völligen Vernetzung sowie zum adäquaten Datenaustausch als grundlegende Bedingung für eine Landwirtschaft 4.0. In diesem Whitepaper beleuchten wir aktuelle in der Landwirtschaft genutzte Vernetzungslösungen und stellen mit Mobilfunk-Campusnetzen einen alternativen Lösungsansatz für digitale Anwendungen in der Landwirtschaft vor. Die im Zuge digitaler Prozesse erhobenen Daten bedürfen sowohl einer sicheren Verarbeitung als auch eines geschützten Austauschs. Unter diesem Aspekt erörtern wir die Frage nach Datensouveränität und zeigen aktuelle Trends und Möglichkeiten für den sicheren Austausch von Daten auf. Im Experimentierfeld LANDNETZ werden im Zusammenspiel mit zahlreichen Kooperationspartnern digitale Anwendungsfälle in der Tierhaltung, des Obst und Weinbaus sowie des Pflanzenbaus konzipiert, erprobt und optimiert. Im Beitrag betrachten wir exemplarisch drei Anwendungsfälle im Hinblick auf die jeweils erforderliche Kommunikationsinfrastruktur und den Datenaustausch näher.
Adverse reactions following Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine among ”Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Psychiatry Hospital medical staff
Authors: Cristiana Ţăpoi
Published: October 2021

From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, health organizations and medical scientists worked hard to develop a vaccine that can protect against COVID-19. Given the increased interest of the general population in the side effects occurring after being vaccinated, the aim of this study is to illustrate their frequency and their sub­jec­tive intensity. The ”Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Cli­ni­cal Psy­chia­try Hospital medical staff members who re­ceived the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine between January 2021 and March 2021 were questioned about the ad­verse reactions after the first and the second dose. The ques­tion­naires were anonymous. A total of 201 persons answered the ques­tion­naire after the first vaccine dose, and 150 persons answered after the second shot. 91% of the respondents experienced at least one local reaction at the injection site after the first dose, compared to 87.33% after the second dose. The most frequent local reactions were represented by pain at the site of injection and difficulty moving the arm. Systemic reactions were more frequently reported after booster shot, compared to the first dose (p=0.002): 49.8% of the subjects had systemic reactions after the first dose, while 66.7% experienced them after the second one. The most frequently reported systemic reactions were drowsiness, fatigue, myalgia, headache, low-grade fever and chills. The intensity of adverse effects was mild to moderate, with 72% of the subjects considering the intensity of adverse reactions after the second shot as being greater than after the first shot. No anaphylactic reactions or other complications or severe side effects were mentioned in the analyzed group.
A Review on Veterinary Drug Management, Handling, Utilization and Its Resistance Side Effects
Authors:   University Of Gondar, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gondar, Ethiopia, A Mengesha
Published: October 2021

Veterinary drugs play an important role in the control and prevention of animal diseases and animal sufferings, however it have the potential to cause harm if it is not used properly. Successful animal health service provision needs the availability of safe, effective and affordable drugs of the required quality and quantity. The available drugs must be prescribed, presented, transported, dispensed, labeled, packaged, measured and used rationally. Rational use of drugs in veterinary medicine has manifold significance; it can be either public health significance, improve food safety concern, reduce the development of drug resistance and residue or economic significance; the need to rely on more expensive drugs and international trade barrier. The potential public health hazard as a result of irrational drug use in food animals includes limited efficacy, increase risk of unwanted effects such as the emergence of drug resistance and drug residue, waste of resources and psychosocial impacts. Irrational drug using is characterized by over-prescription, inappropriate dosage, incorrect duration and unnecessary risk. There are several reasons which may contribute to irrational use of drugs. Some of them are lack of information, inadequate training and education of graduates of veterinary medicine, poor communication between veterinarian and owner, lack of diagnostic facilities, demand from the animal owner, and promotional activities of pharmaceutical industries. This paper had induced to document and aware procedures and necessary activities to have rational drug use, and it would helps to have proper drug measurement and dose calculation as well as it tell us about 0drug resistance and its public health effects. Over all This review hoped that as it would be help to animal health professionals and enhance the quality of veterinary pharmaceutical services so that decrease the economic loss and public health hazard due to diseases of livestock and protects the impacts of drug resistance and its residue.
Association of ABO and RH Blood Groups with Diabetes
Authors: Falah Mahdi Thahad  , Rasmiya Hadi Basal  , Athar Hassan Abdullah
Published: October 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) expresses a so-called metabolic abnormality resulting from a defect in the secretion of insulin secreted by the pancreas, and this causes a metabolic disorder, i.e. the metabolic syndrome of both triglycerides and carbohydrates, which in turn leads to high blood sugar as well. DM consists of two types, one insulin-dependent and the other non-insulin-dependent. In the past years, researchers have found a relationship between each of the ABO blood groups with susceptibility to certain diseases, as it was found that peptic ulcer disease is most affected by people with blood type O. The vast majority of them suffer from stomach cancer in addition to increased susceptibility to sweating. In our current research, our study includes DM metabolic disorder and its relationship to each of the different blood groups of people as well as the ABO/Rhesus (Rh.) factor.
A Review on The Complications and Management of Osteoporosis
Authors: Mohsin Aijaz Soomro  , Raheel Akbar Baloch  , Najeeb ur Rehman  , Niaz Hussain Keerio  , Muhammad Faraz Jokhio  , Ajmal Khan Silro  , Syed Shahid Noor
Published: October 2021

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease that is characterized by low bone mineral density. It also disrupts the microarchitectural of the bone. In leads to increased bone fragility and risk of fractures. Even while it occurs in persons of various ages and ethnicities (including Caucasians and whites), it is more common among Caucasians (whites), elderly people, and women. Osteoporosis is becoming a global epidemic as the world's population ages and lives longer. Osteoporosis affects an estimated 200 million individuals worldwide. It affects a 3rd of women and one in every 12 men. This increases morbidity as well as mortality due to several complications. Moreover, It also reduces the patient's quality of life, lengthens their life expectancy when they are disabled, and places a heavy financial load on the health insurance systems of countries that are responsible for their care. Thus, it is essential to improve diagnostic methods and to introduce early intervention to prevent this disease. Lifestyle modification is an important recommendation for the population at risk. There are several pharmacological interventions that could be taken to prevent osteoporosis as vitamin D and calcium supplements and to treat osteoporosis as bisphosphonates and anabolic drugs. The most important step in the treatment is tailored to the individual patients and to optimize the treatment according to each case individually. Therefore, increasing doctor awareness, which promotes improved awareness among the general public, will be useful in averting this epidemic.
Optimization of Silver Nanoparticles Production using Aspergillus niger and Study of Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Suguna Selvakumaran  , Kayathri Marimuthu  , Thiruvany Poopalan  , Kalaiyarasi Tamil Selvan  , Nozieana Khairuddin
Published: October 2021

Silver nanoparticles have attracted high attention worldwide for their various applications. The physiochemical parameters such as temperature, media, mixing ratio affect the rate of synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their yield. Thus, optimization of these physiochemical parameters is needed to enhance the production of silver nanoparticles. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Aspergillus niger culture supernatant. The produced silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible Spectrophotometer at 200 nm to 700 nm, which had a peak at 450 nm, indicates the formation of silver nanoparticles. It was found that Sabouraud Dextrose Broth (SDB) as optimum media, 40 ml of supernatant and 10 ml of silver nitrate as optimum mixing ratio and 65°C as optimum temperature to produce silver nanoparticles. The optimized silver nanoparticles were subjected to antimicrobial activity, and it was found that it is highly effective towards gram-negative bacteria than gram-positive bacteria where the zone of inhibition for Escherichia coli was  7 ± 2.7 mm and 5.3 ± 2.1 mm for Staphylococcus aureus.
Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in gynaecologists working during COVID-19 pandemic - In private practitioners at Tamilnadu
Authors: Parimala A  , Rajalekshmi M  , Nasreen Banu M
Published: October 2021

The research paper titled the Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and stress in gynaecologists working during the COVID-19 pandemic in private practitioners at Tamil Nadu. The objective is to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in Gynaecologist who are working during the COVID-19 pandemic practicing privately in Tamil Nadu. Descriptive research is applied using the convenience method of sampling with 118 gynaecologists. Most respondents were female, and the majority of the age group were less than 29 years. It is found that the high prevalence of mental health conditions amongst doctors’ demonstration that mental health carries within the speciality and the key contributory factors to poor mental health. Health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could be psychologically stressed. To assess the magnitude of mental health outcomes and associated factors among health care workers treating patients exposed to COVID-19. This cross-sectional, survey-based, region-stratified study collected demographic data and mental health measurements from 118 health care workers. Health care workers in hospitals equipped with fever clinics or wards for patients with COVID-19 were eligible. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on public mental health. Therefore, monitoring and oversight of the population mental health during crises such as a pandemic is an immediate priority. The aim of this study is to analyze the existing research works and findings in relation to the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Kinomics platform using GBM tissue identifies BTK as being associated with higher patient survival
Authors: Al Shboul Sofian , Curran Olimpia E , Alfaro Javier A , Lickiss Fiona , Nita Erisa , Kowalski Jacek , Naji Faris , Nenutil Rudolf , Ball Kathryn L , Krejcir Radovan , Vojtesek Borivoj , Hupp Ted R , Brennan Paul M
Published: October 2021

Better understanding of GBM signalling networks in-vivo would help develop more physiologically relevant ex vivo models to support therapeutic discovery. A “functional proteomics” screen was undertaken to measure the specific activity of a set of protein kinases in a two-step cell-free biochemical assay to define dominant kinase activities to identify potentially novel drug targets that may have been overlooked in studies interrogating GBM-derived cell lines. A dominant kinase activity derived from the tumour tissue, but not patient-derived GBM stem-like cell lines, was Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK). We demonstrate that BTK is expressed in more than one cell type within GBM tissue; SOX2-positive cells, CD163-positive cells, CD68-positive cells, and an unidentified cell population which is SOX2-negative CD163-negative and/or CD68-negative. The data provide a strategy to better mimic GBM tissue ex vivo by reconstituting more physiologically heterogeneous cell co-culture models including BTK-positive/negative cancer and immune cells. These data also have implications for the design and/or interpretation of emerging clinical trials using BTK inhibitors because BTK expression within GBM tissue was linked to longer patient survival.
Clinico-morphological pattern of breast lump in tertiary care hospital
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, SRTR Medical College Ambajogai, Beed, Maharashtra, INDIA., Jumnake Nitesh
Published: October 2021

Background: For developing countries, where the facility for detecting cancer at an early stage is not possible, symptomatic findings can be used as an indication for early diagnosis which could prevent the women from late stage presentation of disease. Aim: To describe some of the clinico-morphological features of the breast lump cases seen at a tertiary level hospital. Material and Methods: In clinically selected 100 cases, triple approach including clinical examination coupled with ultrasonographic examination (USG) and mammography was also carried out. USG was carried out to assess the extent of the axillary lymph nodes more precisely. Diagnosis was confirmed by core-cut biopsy, tru-cut biopsy and frozen section biopsy. Results: Out of 52 clinically diagnosed as carcinomas 50 were proved correct on histopathologically while 86 fibroadenomas diagnosed on clinical examination 2 turned out to be malignant on histopathology. Conclusion: Patients of breast cancer are coming to a tertiary level hospital very late, mostly with clinical features of advanced disease. Understanding its clinical and morphological features holds a great promise for early detection and prevention of this cancer.
Diagnóstico y terapéutica en pediatría
Authors: Espín De la Torre Pablo Antonio , Castañeda Morales Duban Hernando , Tixe Lluglla Jonathan Fabián , Vélez Quinteros Esteban Paul , Quinatoa Caba Gabriela Giovanna , Toscano Ponce Andrés Gustavo , Montaluisa Pilatasig Johana Natali , Ramos Cevallos José Francisco , Lluglla López Jocelyne Carolina , Álvarez Gavilánez Jessica Johanna , Carrera Zurita Lucía de los Ángeles , Auqui Carangui Diego Armando
Published: October 2021

Este texto es consecuencia de un trabajo de investigación documental relacionado con temas de interés en el campo pediátrico, en especial por el rol que juegan estos profesionales en la salud y en la asistencia médica del neonato, lactantes, niños en edad pre-escolar y escolar, y de adolescentes. En un esfuerzo por contribuir al conocimiento de la dimensión de la asistencia médica para la población infantil se presenta un recorrido temático sobre diversas enfermedades que pueden generar problemas de salud en los infantes, tanto más significativa por el hecho de que puede contribuir a la detección temprana de patologías para reducir el índice de mortalidad infantil. La trayectoria teórica permite acercarse a variados escenarios de enfermedades que impactan la salud del niño e inciden sobre calidad de vida del menor.