bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is the Use of Biologic Additions Necessary to Optimize Periodontal Regenerative Efforts?
Authors: Rosen Paul S. , Froum Stuart J. , Reynolds Mark A.
Published: July 2013

Background: A myriad of techniques are available for clinicians attempting to regenerate periodontal osseous lesions. In the past decade, the use of biologic agents has been added to periodontal regenerative materials in an attempt to achieve optimal and predictable success. There is a clear need for these agents because graft materials and scaffolding agents vary significantly in their intrinsic inductivity and ability to attract the cells necessary to achieve the histologic endpoint of forming new bone, cementum, and a functionally oriented periodontal ligament. Moreover, biologics have been proven to enhance angiogenesis and facilitate wound closure, which may further optimize results.

Summary: The era of biologics has ushered in an opportunity for clinicians to provide their patients with predictable results that acheive not only quantitative clinical results but also qualitative histologic results that demonstrate regeneration of the lost periodontium. Clinicians must weigh the benefits versus the added risks and cost to determine the best course of treatment for their patients.

Conclusion: The addition of biologics to graft materials on a routine basis should be considered for regenerative procedures with the possible exception of the 3‐wall intrabony lesion in which many different approaches have been found to be efficacious.
On solutions of q-difference Riccati equations with rational coefficients
Authors: Jiang Yeyang , Chen Zongxuan
Published: July 2013

We consider q-difference Riccati equations in complex plane. We prove that
their transcendental meromorphic solutions are hypertranscendental, we
investigate the value distribution of their meromorphic solutions and we
consider the existence and forms of rational solutions of q-difference
Riccati equations.
Viscosities and refractive indices of binary systems acetone+1-propanol, acetone+1,2-propanediol and acetone+1,3-propanediol
Authors: Zivkovic Emila , Kijevcanin Mirjana , Radovic Ivona , Serbanovic Slobodan
Published: July 2013

Viscosities and refractive indices of three binary systems,
acetone+1-propanol, acetone+1,2-propanediol and acetone+1,3-propanediol, were
measured at eight temperatures (288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15,
313.15, 318.15, 323.15)K and at atmospheric pressure. From these data
viscosity deviations and deviations in refractive index were calculated and
fitted to the Redlich-Kister equation. The viscosity modelling was done by
two types of models: predictive UNIFAC-VISCO and ASOG VISCO and correlative
Teja-Rice and McAlister equations. The refractive indices of binary mixtures
were predicted by various mixing rules and compared with experimental data.
Gaming and the Commodities Market: An Economic-Based Game for Developing Reasoning Skills
Authors: Witschonke Christopher , Herrera Jose Maria
Published: July 2013

The authors describe an economics-based game they have developed to instruct student teachers in the value of games and gaming for developing reasoning and decision-making skills in economics in K-12 students (5–18-year-olds). The game is designed to progress through each grade level so that by high school students have a thorough appreciation and understanding of how the world economy is interconnected. Gaming is a feature that both authors are using as part of their curriculum within their social studies methods courses. In particular, the authors are encouraging the use of more sophisticated modes of instruction for elementary teachers in order to redeem the value of the social studies within the elementary curriculum.
Second-Language Pupils Talk about School Life in Sweden: How Pupils Relate to Instruction in a Multilingual School
Authors: Torpsten Ann-Christin
Published: July 2013

The purpose of this article is to show second-language pupils' experiences in school and their understanding of school through analysis of how they talk about the multilingual primary school and instruction. These stories about school life are studied with a life story approach, and the research process can be described in three steps: tell, analyse and read. The analysis is based on the pupils' own stories, interpreted with post-colonial theory and theories of social capital. Using the database Skrivbanken, 16 essays, written as part of the national exam in 2003, and with the titles ‘My School Years' or ‘My View of School’, were selected. The analysis shows that in school these pupils experience themselves as outside and without a key to the school's linguistic context. Other results show the importance of the majority language for the minority-language-speaking pupils, the pursuit of a common language, and the school's importance for pupils' increased social and cultural capital.
Financial Education for Children: The Israeli Case
Authors: Bendavid-Hadar Iris , Hadad Yaniv
Published: July 2013

This article focuses on the financial education of children. Education is a key factor in achieving economic development and socio-economic equality. Financial education can provide children with some of the additional knowledge and skills required to this end. Second and third grade Israeli students ( n = 121), enrolled in three differently situated schools (in terms of religiosity level and socio-economic status [SES]), filled in a multiple-choice questionnaire constructed especially for this study, designed as a pre-test before starting a course on financial education. The analysis included an ANOVA test and t-tests. Results revealed an overall low level of financial literacy amongst Israeli children. Religious students displayed higher financial literacy in comparison to secular students, and students of high SES showed a higher level of financial literacy compared with low SES students. Mistaken preconceptions were also revealed. The insights gained will contribute towards developing more effective financial education for children, thereby improving their chances of future success.
XBRL-Enabled, Spreadsheet, or PDF? Factors Influencing Exclusive User Choice of Reporting Technology
Authors: Janvrin Diane J. , Pinsker Robert E. , Mascha Maureen Francis
Published: July 2013

U.S. adoption of eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL)-enabled technology has been slow. Prior experimental evidence suggests that even when XBRL-enabled technology is available, almost 50 percent of participants do not use it. This study informs AIS researchers on the state of XBRL-enabled technology by using an exclusive choice experimental design to examine (1) which reporting technology nonprofessional investors will choose to complete a financial analysis task (XBRL-enabled, portable document file, or spreadsheet), and (2) why they choose the specific technology.

Findings indicate that 66 percent of nonprofessional investors chose XBRL-enabled technology, while 34 percent chose spreadsheets. Participants who chose the former perceived that it reduces the time to complete the task (i.e., increases task efficiency), while participants who chose the latter indicated their choice was driven by prior technology experience. Study results have implications for the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), researchers examining nonprofessional investor behavior, user choice literature, and XBRL-enabled technology adoption.
Characterization of Water Sorption, Solubility, and Roughness of Silorane- and Methacrylate-based Composite Resins
Authors: Giannini M , Di Francescantonio M , Pacheco RR , Boaro LC Cidreira , Braga RR
Published: July 2013

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness (SR), water sorption (WS), and solubility (SO) of four composite resins after finishing/polishing and after one year of water storage.

Materials and Methods

Two low-shrinkage composites (Filtek Silorane [3M ESPE] and Aelite LS [Bisco Inc]) and two composites of conventional formulations (Heliomolar and Tetric N-Ceram [Ivoclar Vivadent]) were tested. Their respective finishing and polishing systems (Sof-Lex Discs, 3M ESPE; Finishing Discs Kit, Bisco Inc; and Astropol F, P, HP, Ivoclar Vivadent) were used according to the manufacturers' instructions. Ten disc-shaped specimens of each composite resin were made for each evaluation. Polished surfaces were analyzed using a profilometer after 24 hours and one year. For the WS and SO, the discs were stored in desiccators until constant mass was achieved. Specimens were then stored in water for seven days or one year, at which time the mass of each specimen was measured. The specimens were dried again and dried specimen mass determined. The WS and SO were calculated from these measurements. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test (α=0.05).

Results

Filtek Silorane showed the lowest SR, WS, and SO means. Water storage for one year increased the WS means for all composite resins tested.

Conclusions

The silorane-based composite resin results were better than those obtained for methacrylate-based resins. One-year water storage did not change the SR and SO properties in any of the composite resins.
Evolution of Anatomy Drawings from 16th to 19th Century
Authors: Uddin Md Mesbah
Published: July 2013

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v10i1.15369 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 2012 Vol.10(1) pp.1-3
Role of Viatmin E on Indomethacin Induced Low Epididymal Sperm Count in Long Evans Rats
Authors: Alam Jahangir , Naushaba Humaira , Paul Uttam Kumar , Begum Tahmina , Faruque ABM Omar , Mahbub Sabiha
Published: July 2013

Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, January 2012, Vol. 10 No. 1 pp 17-19 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v10i1.15752
Reduction of Masticatory Neurons in the Tooth Extracted and Aged Mouse
Authors: Rashid Mohammed Enamur , Akhter Khaleda , Maeda Norihiko
Published: July 2013

Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, January 2012, Vol. 10 No. 1 pp 37-42 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v10i1.15758
Synthesis and characterization of zeolite NaY using local rice husk as a source of silica and removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater by zeolite
Authors: Ghosh AK , Ahmed S , Mollah MYA
Published: July 2013

The Zeolite NaY in pure phase was synthesized from rice husk (RH) following a three step synthetic route. In the preliminary step seed gel was prepared from a mixture of silicate and Na-acetate solution. This step was then followed by the preparation of feedstock gel. The third or final step involved the mixing of seed gel (5%) and feedstock gel (95%) which produced the zeolite of desired phase, NaY. The synthesized zeolite was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM and DLS particle size analyzer and used to treat wastewater containing Cr (VI). The adsorption of Cr(VI) was monitored as a function of pH of the solution, contact time and initial concentration of Cr(VI). The adsorption results revealed that after scaling up the methodology, the synthesized zeolite NaY could be used as a promising cost-effective adsorbent for the treatment of wastewater containing chromium. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(2), 81-88, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i2.15737
Active carbon prepared from vegetable wastes for the treatment of Pb(II) in aqueous medium
Authors: Deb AK , Miran MS , Mollah MYA
Published: July 2013

Activated carbon was prepared from vegetable wastes collected from the residential halls of University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The carbon, produced by pyrolysis of vegetable wastes at 400°C to 600°C for 30 min under N2 atmosphere, was chemically activated with zinc chloride. The activated carbon samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Topographical and morphological characteristics were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The surface area of the activated charcoal was determined by adsorption of Methylene Blue from alcoholic solution and was found to be 53 m2g-1. The zero point charge (pHzpc) was also determined by pH titration means and obtained to be 6.10±0.1 at ambient temperature. Analyses of these experimental data lead us to conclude that the activated carbon prepared from vegetable wastes materials is a high grade active carbon in comparison with commercially available one. Activity of generated active carbon as an adsorbent was tested through adsorption of Pb(II). The results indicate that adsorption of Pb(II) on active charcoal was very fast and it followed Langmuir type of adsorption isotherm, and the dimensionless separation parameter, RL, was found to be 0<RL<1 at 30°C. It indicated that activated charcoal obtained from vegetable wastes is an effective adsorbent for removal of toxic heavy metal from industrial waste water. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(2), 97-104, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i2.15739
Antioxidant activities of Z. officinale Roscoe and A. allughas Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) Rhizomes
Authors: Sattar NA , Hussain F , Iqbal T
Published: July 2013

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and Lachii (Alpinia allughas Roscoe) are well known and widely used herbs. Ethanol, acetone, methanol and n-hexane extracts of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Alpinia allughas Roscoe roots were screened for their antioxidant activities in an effort to compare and validate the medicinal potential of their subterranean part. Total phenol (mg gallic acid/g dry matter) and flavonoid contents (catechin equivalents/g dry matter) were estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colorimetric tests respectively. Radical scavenging activity by DPPH methods was expressed as percent inhibition. Total phenolic contents varied from 10 ± 0.12 to 14 ± 0.03 mg gallic acid/g for Z. officinale and 5.46 ± 0.02 to 12.9 ± 0.06 mg gallic acid/g for A. allughas. Total flavonoids were 5.33 ± 0.75 to 8.34 ± 2.1 mg catechin/g for Zingiber officinale and 1.50 ± 0.447 to 9.92 ± 2.5 mg catechin/g for Alpinia allughas in four solvents. Maximum phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed in methanol extracts. The antioxidant activity (percent inhibition) of Zingiber officinale and Alpinia allughas ranged from 26.8 to 68.3 and 14.3 to 58.5 respectively in different solvents. Overall, the findings indicate that the both spices are good sources of phytochemicals which could be exploited as great potentials for drugs and/or nutritional supplements. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(2), 115-118, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i2.15742
Nutritional and anti nutritional assessment of under utilized legume D. lablab var. vulgaris L.
Authors: Kalpanadevi V , Mohan VR
Published: July 2013

Two samples of seed materials of the under utilized tribal pulse, D. lablab var. vulgaris (dark brown and pale brown coloured seed coat) were collected from Anakodi, Krishnagiri district, Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu. The mature seed samples were analysed for proximate composition, mineral profiles, vitamins, seed protein fractions, fatty acid profiles, amino acid profiles and antinutritional factors. The investigated seed samples of D. lablab var. vulgaris contained higher amounts of crude protein and crude lipid when compared with most of the commonly consumed pulses. The investigated seeds were rich in minerals such as Na, K, P, Ca, Mg and Fe. Albumin and globulin fractions constituted the major bulk of seed protein. The essential amino acid profiles of total seed proteins were compared favourably with FAO/WHO (1991) requirement pattern. The fatty acid profiles of both the samples revealed that the seed lipids contained higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids (66.78-69.08%) and had very high contents of linoleic acid (40.36-41.62%). Antinutrtional factors like total free phenolics, tannins, L-DOPA, phytic acid, hydrogen cyanide, trypsin inhibitor, oligosaccharides (raffinose, stachyose, verbascose) and phytohaemagglutinating activity were analyzed. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(2), 119-130, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i2.15743
Essential oil composition from fresh and dried leaves of C. tamala
Authors: Chowdhury JU , Shaha GC , Begum F , Bhuiyan MNH , Rahim M
Published: July 2013

The essential oil of Cinnamomum tamala Nees grown at laboratory campus of BCSIR, Dhaka was obtained from its fresh and dried leaves by hydrodistillation. The oils were analyzed by GC-MS. The major components in the fresh leaf oil were eugenol (75.28%) followed by spathulenol (10.06%), eugenyl acetate (9.82%) and in the dried leaf oil were eugenol (68.02%), spathulenol (12.73%), methyl eugenol(6.42%), ?-humulene (4.35%) & caryophyllene (3.58%). Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(2), 151-154, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i2.15747
IMMUNE RESPONSE CAPABILITY OF `SHUVRA CHICKEN
Authors: Sabrin M. S. , Saha S. , Amin M. M.
Published: July 2013

The study was carried out to determine the humoral immune response to Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and Bangladesh Agricultural University Fowl cholera (BAUFC) vaccines in Shuvra chicken, a newly develop chicken strain by BLRI (Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute). Ten Shuvra chickens were vaccinated with Baby Chick Ranikhet Disease Vaccine (BCRDV) at day 7 through intra ocular route (i/o) and with Ranikhet Disease Vaccine (RDV) at day 35 through intramuscular (i/m) route. Vaccine induced serum Haemagglunination Inhibition (HI) antibodies were measured by HI test. Two weeks after final immunization all vaccinated and control Shuvra chickens were challenged with virulent field isolates of  NDV where all the vaccinated birds survived without showing any typical signs of NDV during the period of ten days observation period and all the control chickens died.  Another 10 Shuvra were vaccinated twice with BAUFC vaccine through intramuscular route at day 42 and 70, and 10 Shuvra chickens were kept as unvaccinated control. This vaccine also induced significantly higher level of antibody titre as determined by Passive Haemagglutination (PHA) test. Vaccinated chickens showed significantly higher survival (80%) following challenge with virulent fowl cholera isolate and all the control birds died within 10 days of observation period. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15639Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2012). 10 (1&2): 1-7
FREQUENCY AND DISTRIBUTION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONTAINING PLASMA CELLS IN ILEUM REPRESENTING GUT-ASSOCIATED-LYMPHATIC TISSUES IN THE BCRDV-VACCINATED BROILER
Authors: Masum M. A. , Khan M. Z. I. , Siddiqi M. N. H. , Nasrin M. , Sultana N.
Published: July 2013

Histological studies and development of immunoglobulin containing plasma cells in ileum representing gut-associated-lymphatic tissue of various group of broiler chickens vaccinated with Baby Chick Ranikhet Disease Vaccine (BCRDV) was carried out in the Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during January to October, 2011. A total of 24 day-old broiler chickens of both sexes were divided into two groups such as vaccinated and control. Vaccinated group of broiler chickens were vaccinated at third day through ocular route. It was observed that the villi of ileum were long and slender, lined by simple columnar cells with numerous goblet cells. Scattered lymphocytes and unorganized lymphatic nodules were present in the lamina propria and core of the villi. The frequency and distribution of lymphocytes in the lamina propria and intraepithelial lymphocytes were increased with concentration in vaccinated group. The length and width of mucosa were highest at D28. In the ileum of chickens, the IgA, IgG and IgM positive cells were found in the lamina propria, around the intestinal glands and in the core of the villi of both control and vaccinated group of chickens. The IgA positive cells were significantly (p<0.01) higher than IgG and IgM positive cells in all stages of study in each group of chickens.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15641
IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL FLORA ISOLATED FROM APPARENTLY HEALTHY WATER BIRDS OF DHAKA ZOO OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Sarker M. A. H. , Jahan M. , Parvin M. N. , Malek M. A. , Hossain M. T.
Published: July 2013

A total of 72 samples (Oral swab, cloacal swab and faeccal sample) were aseptically collected from different species (Purple Heron,  Demoiselle Crane Pond Heron (adult), Pond Heron (young), Cattle Egret, Night Heron (adult),  Night Heron (young) and Little Cormorant) of apparently healthy water birds of Dhaka Zoo of Bangladesh for The isolation and identification of bacterial flora. All the collected samples were inoculated in different bacteriological media for the study of their cultural properties. Grams staining, motility test and biochemical tests were also performed for the proper diagnosis of the isolated bacteria. Slide agglutination test was also performed to confirm the suspected Salmonella. Five types of bacteria were isolated and identified. The antibiogram of five randomly selected isolated bacteria of each genus were also studied. Among the isolated bacteria the isolation rate of E. coli was 54.16 % followed by Salmonella spp.31.94 %,   Staphylococcus spp. 27.78%, Bacillus spp. 26.38 % and Proteus spp. 8.33%.  Among the isolates, E.coli was found to be most prevalent bacteria. Among the samples the isolation rate of bacteria was higher in cloacal swab 54.16%, followed by oral swab 51.38% and faecal sample 43.05%.  There was marked variation in the antibiotic sensitivity and resistant patterns of the isolated bacteria to the antibiotics available in the markets.  It was found that most of the isolated bacteria were highly sensitive to enrofloxacin and norfloxacin. Ampicillin and furazolidone could not affect the growth of any isolated bacteria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15642
DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROBES CAUSING STUNTED GROWTH IN COMMERCIAL BROILERS
Authors: Shah M. M. , Rahman M. M. , Akter M. R. , Romey R. A.
Published: July 2013

The study was conducted to isolate and characterize the microbes causing stunted growth in commercial broilers from Vai-Vai Poultry Farm (Kornai, Katapara, Dinajpur), Israfil Poultry Farm (Basherhat, Dinajpur), Guljar Poultry Farm (North Sibrampur, Dinajpur) and Maa Poultry Farm (Nayanpur, Dinajpur), during the period from January 2011 to July 2011. A total of 158 samples comprising dead birds, sick birds, litter, droppings, poultry feed and drinking water were collected among them 56 (n= 56) positive samples were isolated for this study from commercial broilers and subjected to primary isolation by propagating in nutrient broth followed by culture on selective media Brilliant Green Agar, Salmonella-Shigella Agar, Eosin Methylene Blue Agar and Sabourauds Dextrose Agar media. Gram's staining techniques were performed. Biochemical properties of the isolates were studied and reaction in TSI agar slant was also observed. Among the 56 positive isolates 9 isolates were found positive for Fungi, 37 isolates were found positive for E. coli and 26 isolates were found to be positive for Salmonella spp. that are the casual factors for stunted growth in commercial broilers. Among them 16 isolates were found mixed infection with Salmonella spp. and E. coli also included in both prevalence. The prevalence of Fungi, E. coli and Salmonella spp. were recorded as 16.07%, 66.07% and 46.42% respectively. Among the microbes isolated Escherichia coli was determined as predominant bacteria (66.07%) causing stunted growth in commercial broilers than Salmonella spp. (46.42%) and Fungi (16.07%). Litter and dropping samples were the highest sources of contamination than tracheal swabs. Fungal samples were isolated from feed, litter and drinking water samples and the prevalence of Fungi were recorded as lowest (16.07%) than other microbes causing stunted growth than Escherichia coli (66.07%) and Salmonella spp. (46.42%).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15643
EFFECTS OF TULSI, BLACK PEPPER AND CLOVES EXTRACT AS A GROWTH PROMOTER IN BROILER
Authors: Nath D. D. , Rahman M. M. , Akter F. , Mostofa M.
Published: July 2013

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of tulsi (Vitex negundo) leaves, black pepper (Piper nigrum) and cloves (Curcuma longa) extract (TBC extract) as a growth promoter in broilers. A total of 20 day-old broiler chicks were purchased from Nourish Hatchery and after seven days of acclimatization the chicks were randomly divided into two equal groups A and B. No vaccination schedule was practiced and no antibiotics were added in ration of either group A or group B. Group A served as control without any supplement while group B was supplemented with TBC extract @ 1ml/litre in drinking water. Weekly observations were recorded for live body weight gain upto 6th weeks and blood tests were performed at 21st and 42nd day to find out hematological changes between control A and treatment B group. The food conversion ratio (FCR) in group A was 1.94 while that in group B was 1.87.  The result suggests that TBC extract played a vital role in gaining body weight in the treatment group B which gained significantly (p <0.01) higher body weight (1660±32.80 gm) in comparison to control group A (1550±21.20 gm). For the hematological parameters (TEC, PCV, Hb and ESR) no significant change was observed between treatment A and control B group suggesting no side effects of herbal extracts in broiler. From the findings of the present study it can be concluded that the TBC extract is economic and safe in broiler production.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15644
PREVALENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN BLACK BENGAL GOATS IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Rahman M. S. , Mithu S. , Islam M. T. , Uddin M. J. , Sarker R. R. , Sarker M. A. S. , Akhter L.
Published: July 2013

Brucellosis is an important bacterial zoonotic disease causing significant economic loss in dairy industries worldwide including Bangladesh. But limited studies are devoted to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in goat in all districts of Bangladesh. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in Black Bengal goats in Nilphamari Sadar and Kishoreganj upazillas of Nilphamari district of Bangladesh using Rose Bengal Test (RBT) as screening test and I-ELISA as confirmatory test. A total of 154 sera samples from Black Bengal goats were collected from Nilphamari district. Epidemiological data on the selected Black Bengal goats were collected using a structured questionnaire. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was found to be 2.59% in Black Bengal goats. A significantly (p<0.01) higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in Black Bengal goats with the history of previous abortion (33.33%). An insignificant (p>0.05) but higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in adult Black Bengal goats (>24 months) than young. The prevalence was relatively higher in cross-bred than pure Black Bengal goats, in female than male and in pregnant than non-pregnant Black Bengal goats. The result of the study will provide baseline data for control of brucellosis in goat in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15646
A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT ESCHERICHIA COLI NON-0157 ISOLATED FROM CATTLE IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Musa J. A. , Kazeem H. M. , Raji M. A. , Useh N. M.
Published: July 2013

A total of two hundred and forty (240) faecal samples were obtained from apparently healthy (233) and diarrhoeic (7) cattle in 8 randomly selected commercial farms in Kaduna State, Nigeria.  Presumptive E. coli colonies from 76 (31.2 %) faecal samples were confirmed based on standard procedure. Characterization of isolates revealed three heterogeneous serogroups (O111, O118 and O126) from 6 apparently healthy cattle, while no E. coli serogroup was isolated from diarrhoeic cattle. Six (6) non-O157 serogroups obtained from cattle faeces were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The antimicrobial susceptibility test indicated that isolates from cattle faeces were 100 % resistant to nitrofurantoin, amoxicillin and cefuroxime, and 100 % sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. The study confirmed cattle as important source of antibiotic-resistant enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Kaduna state, Nigeria.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15647
CLINICAL DISEASES OF RUMINANTS RECORDED AT THE PATUAKHALI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY VETERINARY CLINIC
Authors: Rahman M. A. , Islam M. A. , Rahman M. A. , Talukder A. K. , Parvin M. S. , Islam M. T.
Published: July 2013

This study was conducted at the Patuakhali Science and Technology University Veterinary Clinic, Babugonj, Barisal during the period from January 2008 to December 2011 to report the four years clinical diseases of ruminants. A total of 1241 clinical cases (793 cattle and 448 goats) were recorded and analyzed. Diagnosis of each of the clinical cases was made on clinical history, clinical signs, and faecal examination for parasitic cases. The clinical cases were primarily categorized into three major groups, namely, (1) Medicinal, (2) Gynaeco-obstetrical and (3) Surgical cases. Medicinal cases constituted highest percentage (cattle 84.1% and goats 81.0%) in comparison to gynaeco-obstetrical (cattle 4.7% and goats 1.1%) and surgical (cattle 11.2% and goats 17.9%) cases. Among the medicinal cases in cattle, highest percentage of cases was recorded with parasitic diseases (50.4%), followed by general systemic states (14.8%) and digestive disorders (14.2%). Other cases were respiratory disorders (5.5%), infectious diseases (4.6%), skin conditions (3.4%), eye disease (3.1%), urogenital disorders (1.5%), metabolic diseases (1.3%) and musculo-skeletal disorders (0.9%). In case of goats, the highest cases was recorded with digestive disorders (22.9%), followed by parasitic diseases (20.4%) and respiratory disorders (16.8%). Other Medicinal cases in goats were eye diseases (13.5%), infectious diseases (11.8%), general systemic states (9.6%), musculo-skeletal disorder (3.3%), skin diseases (0.8%) and nutritional deficiency diseases (0.8%). Among the gynaeco-obstetrical cases, anestrus (59.5%) in cattle and metritis (40.0%) in goats were recognized as the major gynaeco-obstetric problems. Traumatic wounds (cattle - 52.8%, goat - 28.8%) and castration (31.3%) in goats were recognized as the main disorders which required surgical interventions. It may be concluded that a number of diseases with various percentages have been occurring in the Babugonj upazila and this report will help to prioritize any control measures against major disease conditions reported in this study. However, it is required to estimate the prevalence of diseases in the population of that upazila to have more comprehensive information on the diseases of cattle and goat.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15648
PREVALENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN PIGS: THE FIRST REPORT IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Rahman M. S. , Nuruzzaman M. , Ahasan M. S. , Sarker R. R. , Chakrabartty A. , Nahar A. , Uddin M. J. , Sarker M. A. S. , Akhter L.
Published: July 2013

Brucellosis, a bacterial zoonotic disease, has been reported in ruminants but still no report in pigs in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to describe seroprevalence of brucellosis in swine in Bangladesh. Blood from a total of 105 pigs was collected from selected areas of Bangladesh. All samples were screened using Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and further confirmed by using Slow Agglutination Test (SAT). A structured questionnaire was used to collect the epidemiological data related to the animals and husbandry practices. Out of the 105 sera analyzed, 7 (6.7%) and 5 (4.8%) were found to be positive by RBT and SAT respectively. It was observed that, insignificantly higher prevalence of brucellosis based on SAT was found in female (5.6%) than male (2.9%), in aged animal (8.1%) than young (0.0%) and in pregnant animal (12.5%) than non pregnant animal (2.1%) (p>0.05). Prevalence of brucellosis was 42.9% in aborted pigs and 1.6% in non aborted pigs. The association between abortion status and prevalence of brucellosis was statistically highly significant (p<0.01). This report of prevalence of brucellosis in pigs is very important with regards to the human health and other livestock and might help Government and NGOs to design preventive measurement and establish livestock health policy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15649
INVESTIGATION ON THE COUNTERACTING EFFECT OF SPIRULINA AGAINST POTENTATED SULFONAMIDES (COTRIM DS®) SIDE EFFECTS IN RAT
Authors: Islam M. K. , Akter S. , Bala S. , Hossain M. Z. , Akter M.S.
Published: July 2013

An experiment was conducted to investigate the counteracting effects of spirulina in Long Evans rats exposed to oral potentiated sulfonamide administration. 20 rats were randomly assigned into four equal groups (A, B, C and D) and were fed with standard broiler pellet (25g/rat/day) throughout the experimental period of 60 days. Rats of Group A were fed only with pellet without any experimental diet and were defined as control. Rats  of Group B were treated with potentiated sulfonamide @ 96 mg/rat/day orally whereas Group C was treated with potentiated sulfonamide @ 96 mg/rat/day plus spirulina (Spirulina maxima) @ 50 mg/rat/day orally (low dose spirulina). In Group D, potentiated sulfonamide and spirulina (Spirulina maxima) were given through feed @ 96 mg/rat/day and @ 100 mg/rat/day (high dose spirulina) respectively. Hematological parameters (TEC, Hb and absolute count of lymphocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil) and hispathological profile of liver and kidney were recorded. The investigation revealed that the oral administration of sulfonamide significantly (p<0.01) decreased the TEC (5.93±0.24) value, number of lymphocyte (581.76±3.70) and neutrophil (581.76±3.70) compared to other treated groups and control group. On the other hand significant (p<0.01) increase (422.86±2.34) in eosinophil population has been found in rats fed on sulfonamide irrespective of spirulina supplementation on the final day of experiment compared to other treated group and control group. From this experiment it is evidenced that spirulina has a potential counteracting effect against sulfonamide. Histopathology of kidney and liver was done at the end of experiment (60 days) and no significant change was found except in the kidney of Group B and C.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15650
HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF GINGER EXTRACT IN VANASPATI FED RATS
Authors: Paul P. , Islam M. K. , Mustari A. , Khan M. Z. I.
Published: July 2013

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of ginger in vanaspati fed rats. A total of 18 rats of Long Evans strain weighing 200-250 g were randomly assigned to three groups: Group I, normal control; Group II, 5% vanaspati supplement and Group III, 5% vanaspati + ginger extract (300 mg/ 100ml/ kg b. wt./ day) orally. Serum lipid profile was measured at day 1st and day 49th. The administration of vanaspati augmented the total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides levels and decreased the HDL-C level significantly (p <0.05). Simultaneous administration of ginger extract significantly (p <0.05) prevented the rise in total cholesterol, LDL-C(bad cholesterol), triglycerides levels and rise HDL(good cholesterol). In histopathological study, no significant changes were found in the liver and aorta of all treated groups as compared with control group. It is concluded that ginger extract showed hypolipidemic effect in vanaspati supplemented rats.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15652
INTESTINAL MICROORGANISMS AFTER PROBIOTIC TREATMENT IN RAT
Authors: Mustari A. , Ahmad N. , Saha S. , Paul P.
Published: July 2013

The study was carried out to know the effect of probiotics (Bio-Top®, Curd) supplementation on intestinal microorganisms in rats (Rattus norvegicus) during the period of 01 March to 20 April 2011. A total of twelve (12), one month old rats were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: A, B and C, with 04 rats in each group. Group C was fed with commercial rat pellet (20 gm/rat) without supplementation of probiotics (control), group A was fed with commercial ration (20 gm/rat) with addition natural probiotic (Curd) and group B was fed with commercial ration (20 gm/rat) with the addition of commercial probiotic (Bio-Top®) feed for 7 weeks. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. The result showed that intestinal bacterial population changed in probiotics treated groups compared to control group. Bacillus spp. was isolated from Bio-Top®, Curd and Probiotic treated rats. Whereas E. coli was present in control rats, indicating environmental contamination which is hazardous for public health.  The study suggests that probiotics supplementation helps in maintaining normal haematobiochemical values and beneficial gut microbes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15654
VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IS ENDEMIC IN GOLDEN JACKALS OF BANGLADESH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, A THREAT FOR EXPANDING FUTURE ZOONOTIC VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS
Authors: Khan M. A. H. N. A. , Khanm S. S. , Bashu J. , Rima U. K. , Pervin M. , Hossain M. Z. , Habib M. A. , Chowdhury G. A. , Hossain M. M.
Published: July 2013

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), now a day, is an endemic protozoal disease of human in Bangladesh. The disease is transmissible to canids and endemic in canids in many parts of the world including western China and India. In Bangladesh, the occurrence of VL in canids is unknown. Golden jackals, a common wild canid of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Campus, living with street dogs, cats and often get closure to human shelter. It is not surprising to find VL in golden Jackals of BAU campus, Mymensingh and this study was, therefore, aimed to identify the occurrence of leishmanial infection in their visceral organs. Venous blood, liver, kidney, spleen and bone marrow from the jackals (N=5) were collected, impression smears from these organs were made onto clean slides and stained with Giemsas stain. Leishmanial pro - and amastigote stages of the parasite were detected in the impression smears made from liver, spleen, kidney and bone marrow in all jackals. Leishmanial amastigote stage of the parasite was seen in the macrophages of blood, spleen and liver. Part of liver, kidney, spleen and bone marrow from the jackal were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Histopathological study revealed scatteredly distributed microgranuloma in the hepatic parenchyma, consisting of closely packed collection of macrophages and lymphocytes with fibrous tissue encapsulation. In kidney, chronic glomerulonephritis was seen; the inflamed areas were infiltrated with lymphocytes and macrophages. Specific pathology in spleen and bone marrow was not observed. Genomic DNA was extracted from the liver, kidney, spleen and bone marrow of jackals. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with species specific primers were used to identify the species of leishmanial protozoa involved. Results of PCR showed 145bp amplicon, specific for Leishmania donovani infection in all five jackals. This is the first report in Bangladesh describing the occurrence of VL in golden jackals. This result reinforce the assumption that golden jackals of BAU campus harbour leishmanial protozoa, could serve as a symptomless carrier and transmit the infection to other canids and human, require further investigation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15655
DETECTION OF ARSENIC IN ANIMAL FEED CHAIN: BROKEN RICE AND WATER HYACINTH
Authors: Haq M. R. , Rahman M. M. , Islam P. , Awal M. A. , Chakma S. , Roy U. K.
Published: July 2013

Currently arsenic contamination in Bangladesh is considered to be the biggest natural calamity in the world in the terms of total population affected in an area. Arsenic is spreading in various ways in the environment and significantly threatening the public health as well as animal health of Bangladesh. With a view to detect the level of arsenic concentration in animal feed chain this study was performed by using the FI-HG-AAS (Flow Injection Hydride Generator Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) method. Broken rice and water hyacinth samples, two commonly used animal feeds, were collected from arsenic contaminated areas of Comilla district. After collection, the samples were prepared by a series of steps such as, washing, drying and digestion; finally arsenic was detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. Atomic absorption measures the amount of energy absorbed by the samples. Through this method the type of metal absorbed by the sample can be determined. The mean arsenic concentration in broken rice and water hyacinth were 0.213±0.125 ppm (n=35) and 0.487±0.172 ppm (n=29), respectively. In this study it is found that the level of arsenic both in broken rice and water hyacinth is greater than that of the maximum permissible level in drinking water (0.05 ppm). From the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that in the same arsenic contaminated area, the level of arsenic in water hyacinth is nearly the double of that found in rice due to arsenic accumulating nature of water hyacinth.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15656
99mTc-Szintigraphie versus Farbduplex-Sonographie
Authors: Truong P. N. , Bockisch B. , Zaplatnikov K. , Kranert W. T. , Korkusuz H. , Ackermann H. , Grünwald F. , Happel C.
Published: July 2013

Since the development of colour coded duplex-sonography (ccds), several attempts have been made to implement this technique for diagnosis of focal lesions in the thyroid. There are controversial discussions on whether ccds might replace thyroid scintigraphy in diagnosis of hyperfunctional thyroid nodules. Aim of this study was the comparison of ccds and thyroid scintigraphy in diagnosis of functional thyroid autonomy. Patients, material and methods: 192 patients with thyroid nodules > 10mm detected by conventional sonography underwent thyroid scintigraphy. Additionally, these patients were subjected to ccds of the thyroid. In total, 286 thyroid nodules were examined by scintigraphy, ccds and blood tests. Results: Thyroid scintigraphy showed 67% of thyroid nodules as hyperfunctional, 19% indifferent and 14% as hypofunctional. Mean 99mTc uptake of hyperfunctional nodules was 2.19%, of indifferent nodules 1.12% and of hypofunctional nodules 1.06% respectively. The ccds allowed perinodular measurement of flow speed (hyperfunctional: 0.23 ± O.1 m/s; hypofunctional: 0.22 ± 0.1; indifferent: 0.21 ± 0.09), resistance index (hyperfunctional: 1.21 ± 1.16; hypofunctional: 0.62 ± 0.48; indifferent: 0.93 ± 1.02) and pulsatility index (hyperfunctional: 0.97 ± 0.45; hypofunctional: 0.84 ± 0.4; indifferent: 1.04 ± 0.6) in all nodules as well as intranodular measurement in some of the nodules (24% in hyperfunctional, 2% in indifferent and 15% in hypofunctional nodules). Statistic analysis of the obtained ccds data did not show any practically relevant correlations (p>0.05) with 99mTc uptake, basal TSH, fT3 or fT4. Conclusion: Thyroid scintigraphy cannot be replaced by ccds for diagnosis of functional thyroid autonomy. Reliable diagnostics still require a combination of thyroid scintigraphy, sonography and blood tests.
Development and testing of new gene‐homologous EST‐SSRs for Eucalyptus gomphocephala (Myrtaceae)
Authors: Bradbury Donna , Smithson Ann , Krauss Siegfried L.
Published: July 2013

• Premise of the study: New microsatellite (simple sequence repeat [SSR]) primers were developed from Eucalyptus expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and optimized for genetic studies of the southwestern Australian tree E. gomphocephala, which is severely impacted by tree health decline and habitat fragmentation.

• Methods and Results: A total of 133 gene‐homologous EST‐SSR primer pairs were designed for Eucalyptus, and 44 were screened in E. gomphocephala. Of these, 17 produced reliable amplification products and 11 were polymorphic. Between two and 13 alleles were observed per locus, and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.172 to 0.867. All 17 EST‐SSRs that amplified E. gomphocephala cross‐amplified to at least one of E. marginata, E. camaldulensis, and E. victrix.

• Conclusions: This set of EST‐SSR primer pairs will be valuable tools for future population genetic studies of E. gomphocephala and other eucalypts, particularly for studying gene‐linked variation and informing seed‐sourcing strategies for ecological restoration.
Isolation and X-ray characterization of palladium–N complexes in the guanylation of aromatic amines. Mechanistic implications
Authors: Grirrane Abdessamad , Garcia Hermenegildo , Álvarez Eleuterio
Published: July 2013

In the context of palladium-catalyzed guanylation of anilines herein, we have been able to characterize and isolate bis(anilino) and bis(guanidino)Pd(II) complexes using reaction conditions under which stoichiometric amounts of palladium salts are used. Characterization of these palladium complexes strongly supports a mechanistic proposal for the catalytic guanylation of anilines using PdCl2(NCCH3)2as catalyst that involves the intermediacy of these Pd(II) complexes.
Libre-échange et changements climatiques : “soutien mutuel” ou divergence ?
Authors: Abbas Mehdi
Published: July 2013

Cet article aborde les dimensions théoriques et institutionnelles des relations entre l’agenda de la lutte contre les changements climatiques et la globalisation économique. Il développe une analyse critique de la thèse du soutien mutuel entre libéralisation des échanges et réduction des gaz à effet de serre. Cette analyse se prolonge par une réfutation de la thèse du soutien mutuel entre le régime de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce et le régime climatique international.
Les clauses environnementales dans les accords de libre-échange entre pays développés et pays émergents. Analyse des déterminants
Authors: Tariq Rana Arslan , Saucier Philippe
Published: July 2013

S’appuyant sur la base de données de la Banque mondiale “ Global Preferential Trade Agreements Data Base ” qui recense 268 accords de libre-échange, l’article analyse les clauses environnementales figurant dans ces accords, en particulier dans ceux impliquant pays développés et pays émergents. Une première partie, qualitative, dégage les traits essentiels des phénomènes observés. Une seconde, économétrique, fondée sur la méthode logit, identifie les facteurs déterminants de l’introduction, sous leurs différentes formes, des clauses environnementales, dans les accords de libre-échange, régionaux ou non, multilatéraux ou bilatéraux, et tente de dégager les enjeux environnementaux dans les négociations Nord-Sud.
Réforme des industries de réseau en Afrique et développement durable : le cas du transport ferroviaire au Cameroun
Authors: Biwolé Fouda Jean
Published: July 2013

Dans les pays africains comme le Cameroun, la réforme des industries de réseau intervient dans un contexte caractérisé par l’absence de marché financier, un manque de culture actionnariale, une absence de régulation et une inefficacité de l'actionnariat public : d'où la question de savoir si, dans un tel contexte, le développement durable de ces industries est possible. Nous étudions le cas du transport ferroviaire au Cameroun et montrons que dans de telles conditions, l'industrie traverse successivement les phases d'opportunisme et de responsabilité sociale, pour atteindre celle de maturité. Ce n'est qu'à la dernière phase qu'elle amorce éventuellement un développement durable.
Comment adapter une méthode comptable pour quantifier les mutations économiques ?
Authors: Alary Pierre
Published: July 2013

Les indicateurs de richesse (PIB, etc.) permettent de comparer les résultats économiques de pays très différents. Le cadre logique à partir duquel ils sont calculés est conçu pour des économies où l'échange marchand est déterminant au sein d'un espace national relativement unifié et dans un contexte où le pluralisme monétaire n'influence pas les logiques de croissance. Ces caractéristiques ne se retrouvent pas dans beaucoup d'économies rurales et nous adaptons une méthode, à partir d'un exemple réel (le Nord-Laos), pour calculer plus finement ces indicateurs.