bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water remains a blind spot in climate change policies
Authors: Douville Hervé , Allan Richard P. , Arias Paola A. , Betts Richard A. , Caretta Martina Angela , Cherchi Annalisa , Mukherji Aditi , Raghavan Krishnan , Renwick James
Published: December 2022

For the first time in the latest Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), water has been the focus of dedicated chapters in both Working Group 1 (Chapter 8) and 2 (Chapter 4). Nevertheless, we argue here that water has not yet received the full attention it deserves from both scientists and policymakers for several reasons. Firstly, the historical focus on temperature change has been further increased with the use of global warming levels motivated by an aim to be consistent with current policy framings. Secondly, an increasing attention paid to extreme weather has sometimes overshadowed longer time-scale changes such as the aridification of an increasing fraction of arable land and the increasing variability of the water cycle from month to month, season to season, and year to year that also yield cascading impacts on all water use sectors. Thirdly, a stronger focus is needed on understanding the effectiveness of current and future adaptation strategies in reducing water-related climate risks. Finally, the role of water has not been adequately recognized in the assessment of mitigation strategies although the compliance with the Paris Agreement and the current pledges all require a massive deployment of land-based strategies whose feasibility and efficiency heavily depend on water resources. It is thus essential to develop a more integrated approach to water and climate change, that would allow scientists and policymakers to “close the loop” between mitigation options, water cycle changes, hydrological impacts and adaptation.
Social Memory and Formation of Urban Identity of the Regional Capital City (on the Example of Saransk)
Authors: Bogatova O.A.
Published: December 2022

The subject of the study is the formation of urban identity based on group reflection on the past and present. The article summarizes the results of in-depth interviews with the experts and online observation of the thematic communities in the social network VKontakte, dedicated to the visual history of Saransk — the capital of the Republic of Mordovia and focusing on the late Soviet period as the era of its transformation into a major city, revealing the specific features of the social identity of the population of the republican capital, as well as the social functions of virtual urban communities as “assemblage points” of urban identity. Considering Saransk nostalgic communities in “new media” as a specific form of digitalization in modern “public history” and visualization of social memory, the author analyzes symbolic communication and manifestation of collective emotions of their members in modes of collective trauma and nostalgia. Author specifies the basic functions of nostalgic communities: the construction of cultural trauma of the social changes, promoting comprehension of responsibility for development of a city and stimulation of civil activity, formation of a complete image of a city in space and in time, identification of users with the generalized image of the city and urban community.
Artificial Intelligence and Anorectal Manometry: Automatic Detection and Differentiation of Anorectal Motility Patterns—A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Saraiva Miguel Mascarenhas , Pouca Maria Vila , Ribeiro Tiago , Afonso João , Cardoso Hélder , Sousa Pedro , Ferreira João , Macedo Guilherme , Junior Ilario Froehner
Published: December 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Anorectal manometry (ARM) is the gold standard for the evaluation of anorectal functional disorders, prevalent in the population. Nevertheless, the accessibility to this examination is limited, and the complexity of data analysis and report is a significant drawback. This pilot study aimed to develop and validate an artificial intelligence model to automatically differentiate motility patterns of fecal incontinence (FI) from obstructed defecation (OD) using ARM data.

METHODS:

We developed and tested multiple machine learning algorithms for the automatic interpretation of ARM data. Four models were tested: k-nearest neighbors, support vector machines, random forests, and gradient boosting (xGB). These models were trained using a stratified 5-fold strategy. Their performance was assessed after fine-tuning of each model's hyperparameters, using 90% of data for training and 10% of data for testing.

RESULTS:

A total of 827 ARM examinations were used in this study. After fine-tuning, the xGB model presented an overall accuracy (84.6% ± 2.9%), similar to that of random forests (82.7% ± 4.8%) and support vector machines (81.0% ± 8.0%) and higher that of k-nearest neighbors (74.4% ± 3.8%). The xGB models showed the highest discriminating performance between OD and FI, with an area under the curve of 0.939.

DISCUSSION:

The tested machine learning algorithms, particularly the xGB model, accurately differentiated between FI and OD manometric patterns. Subsequent development of these tools may optimize the access to ARM studies, which may have a significant impact on the management of patients with anorectal functional diseases.
Impact of the Second Examination of the Proximal Colon on the Adenoma Detection Rate: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yang Qinyu , Zhu Xiaojia , Wu Zhangxuan , Leng Fang , Shu Xu , Yang Li
Published: December 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Interval colorectal cancer identified before the next surveillance colonoscopy was more likely to be located in the proximal colon. This study aimed to determine whether a second examination of the proximal colon could increase the adenoma detection rate (ADR).

METHODS:

Patients undergoing colonoscopy for any indications were recruited for the study. After the colonoscopy was completed with the first standard forward view examination of the proximal colon, patients were randomized to either the intervention group, in which the proximal colon was once again inspected, or the control group, in which the proximal colon was inspected once. The primary outcome was the proximal colon ADR.

RESULTS:

A total of 840 patients were enrolled for intention-to-treat analysis (intervention group, n = 420; control group, n = 420). The proximal colon ADR in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (35.7% vs 25.2%, P = 0.001). The whole-colon ADR was also higher in the intervention group than in the control group (44.0% vs 34.0%, P = 0.003). The higher ADR in the intervention group was also confirmed by the per-protocol analysis. Older age, adenoma detected on the first proximal colon examination, and longer total proximal colon withdrawal time were independent factors for detecting ≥1 adenoma on the second withdrawal from the proximal colon.

DISCUSSION:

The second examination of the proximal colon significantly increased the proximal colon ADR and whole-colon ADR in patients undergoing colonoscopy for any indication.
The Lived Experience of a Non-Muslim Chinese in Indonesia's Sharia-Regulated Province of Aceh: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Abdullah Anwar , Bahri Saiful , Zainuddin Zamzami , Gunawan Taufik
Published: December 2022

This study aims to picture intergroup relationships between Muslim Acehnese and non-Muslim Chinese communities in the Peunayong-regulated province Aceh, Indonesia. A descriptive phenomenological case study methodology was employed to examine the lived experiences of a particular group of people, and at the same time to explore a particular place in Aceh called Peunayong or Chinatown, and the life of its communities. The qualitative research approach was employed in collecting the data through observations, personal interviews, and documents analysis. Phenomenological interviews were conducted from one Muslim Acehnese and one non-Muslim Chinese who have been living for a long period in Peunayong district. Three main themes were merged and discussed in the findings, namely: (a) Peunayong as the symbol of tolerance; (b) non-Muslim and the Sharia law; and (c) discrimination in the Sharia law. In general, despite the implementation of Sharia law, Aceh has been seen as tolerant since Islamic law is limited only to the Muslim population. The portrait of harmony, tolerance, and peace in social-civic between Muslim Acehnese and Non-Muslim Chinese can be witnessed around Peunayong district, either activity related to trading or business, mores, and culture. Meanwhile, this study suggests that the implementation of Sharia law in Aceh should not only to achieve the popular name of “The Veranda of Mecca” or as a symbol and a name, or for political purposes, but its implementation should provide a welfare impact to local communities including Muslim and non-Muslim alliances, also to support religious freedom and solidarity between religious communities.
The Contribution of Indonesian for Foreign Speaker (Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing/BIPA) in Islamic Universities for Developing World Civilization
Authors: Isnaniah Siti
Published: December 2022

Indonesian for Foreign Speaker or Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing (BIPA) in Islamic Universities or PTKI grows rapidly, nationally and internationally, supported by strong regulation especially by Ministry of Religion Affair. It makes the existence of BIPA is able to contribute to develop world civilization, in accordance to the functions of language namely heuristics and referential. The objective of this research is to explain the contribution of BIPA in PTKI in developing the world civilization. The research used analytical descriptive method with qualitative approach. The sources of the data were informants from UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, UIN Tulungagung. They were teachers of BIPA in PTKI; managers of BIPA PTKI; International Office PTKI, managers of Indonesian Education Department in PTKI; documents, and events. The techniques collecting the data are in-depth interview, content analysis, and observation. The data were analyzed using interactive model by Miles & Huberman. The result of the study showed that BIPA PTKI was able to develop the world civilization. It was proven by the increasing numbers of foreign students who studied in PTKI, the delegated lectures of PTKI to teach delicate Indonesian culture, introduce moderate Islam to the world’s citizens so they can be accepted well by the world’s citizen. For this reason, Indonesia, especially PTKI, language, culture, and moderate Islam are well-known by the world’s citizens resulting the increasing numbers of cooperation and MoU between PTKI and many national and international institutions.
Sufism, Orthodoxy, and Nationalism in Modern Islamic Civilization in North Africa from The 19th- 20th Century
Authors: Abdurahman Dudung , Badriza Kholili
Published: December 2022

The phenomenon of Sufism in the tariqa movements played a significant role in Islamic reform and the growth of nationalism in North Africa from the 19th to 20th centuries. This phenomenon which started as a neo-Sufism for Islamic reform, gradually turned into a nationalist movement. Therefore, Sufism is assumed to be a part of Islam that occupies the basic component of national identity and is a symbol of the struggle for independence of Muslim countries in North Africa. This study aims to discuss "the role and influence of Sufism for the revival of Islam, resistance to Western colonialism, the role of Islamic reform, and the process of nationalism and independence of Muslim countries in North Africa." These problems are analyzed based on historical, social, and political approaches related to issues of modern civilization in the Islamic world. This research concludes that, firstly the Sufism movement in the modern period in North Africa is developed in tariqa schools located in Idrisiyah, Sanusiyah, Khatmiyah, Tijaniyah, Qadiriyah, and Sammaniyah. Furthermore, the Sufism movement always shows the intertwined elements of teachings and rituals as well as the influences of social and political developments. Secondly, the teachings of the tariqa are able to increase religious awareness by fulfilling spirituality and improving people's morality, thereby developing, modifying, and actualizing leadership associated with Sufis. Thirdly, Sufism shows a very significant social force regarding the growth of nationalism in North Africa, which is used as the basis for their participation in the socio-political field, with various forms of protest or resistance. In collaboration with religious and community leaders, the leadership of the Sufis has also succeeded in bringing about the independence of national countries such as Tunisia, Libya, Algeria, Morocco, and Sudan since the mid-20th century. During that time, many Sufists occupied important positions in government.
Forgiveness in Islam: Promoting A Peaceful World
Authors: Tridiatno Yoachim Agus
Published: December 2022

The paper explores forgiveness in Islam starting from the Islamic bases, forgiveness as moral response, forgiveness needs repentance, and implementing forgiveness for promoting a peaceful world. It is library research based on articles and books which discussed the topics, and the secondary data about forgiveness in Islam. It aims to expose the soft side of Islam especially its struggle for peace and harmonious life.
Islam and Hegemony of Local Culture
Authors: Badrun Badrun
Published: December 2022

A global world is a paradoxical world, just like a "double-edged sword". On the one hand, globalization offers a variety of ease of life. On the other hand, it carries risks that threaten the existence of human life. It also imposes a universal culture which implies a general view that the presence of culture is always inseparable from humanity and the general acceptance of values, beliefs, orientations, and institutions by mankind around the world. However, the so-called universal culture is nothing but the West because the West, with all its superiority, is most likely to claim itself as the representation of universal civilization. When civilization is fully controlled by the West, there is a psychological burden for Islam. Islam as a force that had been a superpower of the world for approximately 12 centuries might feel uncomfortable to be the underdog. This situation has made Muslims aspire to get out of colonialism and Western hegemony. There are two responses that arise: a strong desire to re-excel in all aspects such as science, technology, politics, economy, military, etc. on the one hand, and deep hatred towards the West one the other hand. It   is this latter which may have spawned terrorism that is being countered by international communities, mainly Western nations.
Debate on Muhkamât and Mutasyahabihat A Study of Quraish Shihab’ Thought
Authors: Sukamta Sukamta
Published: December 2022

The current paper is dedicated to examine Quraish Shihab’s views on Muhkamât and Mutasyahabihat. The method applied in this study is critical analysis by comparing various reference of his works. I am interested in this topic because it is related to the Qur’anic Studies. I found that not all muhkamat verses are disputed, some of them remained clear. In the discussion around the texts of the mutasyabihat, Quraish Shihab did not mention the views of sufi thought such as Ibn Arabi who used the 'irfani’s perspective. In addition, his study of mutasyabihat verses related to God's attributes and deeds can be found deeper in other works, by using an intertextual analysis. It is found that Quraish Shihab did not relate majaz when he discussed it. The majaz style in the Qur'an, among others, is used to expand the function of the language description, to accommodate as many ideas or meanings as possible, by giving a picture or imagination in such a way as to be understood by man, as a being to whom the Qur'an is derived. Since the verses are addressed to humans to understand, the symbols used also in the form of language understood by humans.
Factores psicosociales y experiencia de engagement en el trabajo: los recursos personales como antecedentes del engagement
Authors: Vicente de Vera García Inmaculada
Published: December 2022

Los riesgos psicosociales son una de las principales causas de enfermedades y de accidentes laborales. El colectivo docente es muy proclive a sufrir burnout. Frente a este riesgo psicosocial, la resiliencia se propugna como una condición humana para rehacerse ante las dificultades. Asimismo, las últimas tendencias en el estudio del burnout han dado un giro hacia el estudio del engagement como aspecto positivo y óptimo del desarrollo profesional y, entre las principales causas del engagement, destacan los recursos personales. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las relaciones entre las percepciones de burnout, resiliencia y engagement en los participantes. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 334 docentes (26,34% de la muestra invitada) de 35 centros públicos de Educación Primaria (EP). Se trata de un estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional, respondiendo a un muestreo aleatorio simple de la población de 1.268 docentes en el curso 2017/2018, mediante participación voluntaria y anónima. Para la medida del burnout se empleó la adaptación al castellano del (MBI-GS). La resiliencia se evaluó mediante el Cuestionario de Evaluación de Resiliencia de Serrano, y el engagement se midió mediante la prueba State Work Engagement (SWE) desarrollada a partir del Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. La resiliencia y el engagement correlacionaron de forma negativa con el agotamiento y el cinismo y de forma positiva con la eficacia. Se desprende la importancia de la promoción ante los estresores de estrategias de afrontamiento resilientes y el desarrollo de recursos personales que actúan como factores de protección frente al burnout.
Herodes, Židé a jeho odpůrci
Authors: Cielontko David
Published: December 2022

Herod, Jews, and His Opponents. The reputation of the Jewish King Herod is closely linked to the legend of the massacre of the infants of Bethlehem from the Gospel of Matthew and to the hatred that Josephus Flavius says his own Jewish subjects had for him. In contrast to this tradition, this article, following contemporary Herodian scholarship, demonstrates that Herod was a good king to his subjects, who helped the Jews both within his kingdom and throughout the Roman Empire, and did much to make them visible and to protect them. It also argues that some of the negative texts about Herod, both from his reign and shortly after, should be read not as impartial historical judgments but as political propaganda by his political and religious opponents among the social elites.
Effect of rare earth Y on microstructure and texture of oriented silicon steel during hot rolling and cold rolling processes
Authors: Zhu Liguang , Li Xiangyang , Zheng Yaxu , Guo Zhihong , Zhang Yuanxiang , Sun Huilan , Liu Pengjun , Liu Yu , Cao Ruifang
Published: December 2022

The effect of rare earth Y on precipitates and textures of the grain-oriented silicon steels, the composition, morphology, size, quantity of inclusions and texture evolution of hot-rolled and cold-rolled oriented silicon steel containing rare earth Y were studied using transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, and electron backscatter diffraction. The results show that there are mainly spherical or ellipsoidal Y2O2S precipitates in the Y bearing silicon steel. Rare earth treatment effectively improves the precipitates’ morphology and restrains the precipitation of the long-strip MnS in the hot-rolled plate. Meanwhile, the microstructure is more uniform, and the recrystallized grains on the surface and the fiber structure in the central layer are larger after hot rolling compared with Y-free steel. Furthermore, with the addition of rare earth Y, the unfavorable brass texture and rotational cube texture in the hot-rolled plate are reduced. Meanwhile, the number of shear bands is increased and the strength of the favorable {111} 〈112〉 texture is improved in the cold-rolled plate, which helps develop the Goss texture during the annealing process.
Enhanced mechanical stirring by eccentric impeller stirring system in zinc hydrometallurgy process for cadmium removal
Authors: Li Wenjie , Wang Shibo , Wang Hua , Li Chunlin , Zhai Yuling , Xu Jianxin , Xiao Qingtai
Published: December 2022

The fluid in the reactor can be poorly mixed, so an eccentric impeller is proposed to improve the fluid mixing efficiency. In this investigation, numerical simulations and cadmium removal experiments for the purification of zinc sulfate solution were conducted. The effect of eccentric impellers on the purification efficiency was discussed. The mechanism of the effect of concentric and eccentric arrangement of stirring impellers on mixing in the stirred tank was elucidated. The results showed that the average axial velocity of the eccentric impeller stirring system (EIS) was 131.52% of that of the concentric stirring system (CS) and 134.23% of that of the eccentric stirring system (ES). In the purification and removal of cadmium in the zinc hydrometallurgy experiment, unit ion purification energy was introduced to quantify the energy consumed for each 1% of Cd2+ removed. The eccentric impeller shortens the reaction time by 40% and reduces the reaction energy consumption by 31.8% compared to the non-eccentric impeller. Compared to CS and ES, EIS disrupts the periodicity of fluid flow and facilitates the destruction of isolated mixing regions. EIS can enhance mechanical stirring to improve purification efficiency.
Influence of process parameters of a continuous final mixer on the properties of carbon black/rubber composites
Authors: Wang Kongshuo , Han Deshang , Xiao Xinxin , Wang Luyin , Niu Guangzhi , Zhang Shoufeng , Wang Chuansheng , Bian Huiguang
Published: December 2022

As the final stage of the mixing process, the final mixing has a profound impact on the properties of rubber compounds. The influence of the process parameters of a continuous final mixer on the properties of carbon black/rubber composites is studied. It is found that there are two factors affecting the performance of the composite: the rotating speed of the dual rotors and the temperature of the continuous final mixer. When the temperature is unchanged, the extruding temperature of the final-mixing rubber compound increases with increasing rotating speed, and the Mooney viscosity, T10, T90 and rolling resistance gradually decrease. The Payne effect decreases first and then increases, and the overall trend gradually decreases. When the rotating speed is constant, as the temperature of the continuous final mixer rises, the extruding temperature also rises, and the temperature difference between feeding and extruding increases. Mooney viscosity and tensile strength increase. The Payne effect is more significant. T10, T90 and rolling resistance gradually decrease. The M300 of a vulcanized sample shows the following laws: When the control temperature is low, the influence of rotational speed is small, the fluctuation range is small, and has a steady rising trend; however, when the temperature is higher, M300 fluctuates greatly under the influence of rotational speed. The optimal process parameters of the rubber continuous final mixer are determined: the double rotor speed is 30RPM, and the temperature control temperature is 60–70 °C.
Effects of monolingual and bilingual subtitles on L2 vocabulary acquisition
Authors: Li Mingyue , Hennebry-Leung Mairin
Published: December 2022

This study investigates the differential effects of monolingual (L1 or L2) and bilingual (L1+L2) subtitles on students’ receptive vocabulary acquisition. In light of the widespread use of bilingual subtitles in videos in language classrooms with limited supportive literature available, this study aims at examining the pedagogical effects of bilingual subtitles on receptive vocabulary acquisition in the L2 classroom. A seven-week quasi-experimental study was conducted among four year-3 English-major classes in a Chinese university: three treatment groups and one control group. Adopting a counterbalanced design, students in the treatment classes were exposed to three types of subtitles within three videos. They were then tested on recall and recognition of the vocabulary target items encountered in the videos. The results demonstrate a significant advantage for bilingual subtitling in videos in terms of students’ vocabulary recognition and recall at post-test, and this advantage is maintained at the delayed post-test. Implications of the study are discussed in the context of current pedagogical practices such as a wider L1 use in the L2 classrooms.
Experimental investigation on the influence of partially stabilised nano-ZrO2 on the properties of prepared clay-based refractory mortar
Authors: Jawad Saba I. , Omar Mustafa H.
Published: December 2022

Buildings subjected to elevated temperatures or thermal shock can be exposed to many changes in their properties, such as phase transformation and weight loss; therefore, the thermomechanical stability of mortars is essential to maintain their properties. In this work, different ratios of partially stabilised nano-zirconium oxide (ZrO2) were used as a partial replacement by weight of kaolin to prepare a refractory mortar. Five ratios (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15%) of ZrO2, as well as unfired kaolin, water, and internal lubricant (potassium silicate) were applied to increase the specimen’s cohesion. The results showed that ZrO2 additives are suitable to be used for the production of refractory mortar as a result of increased physical and mechanical strength.
Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 ameliorated the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus mice by changing ileum FXR-CYP7A1
Authors: Chen Ye , Zhao Yaxin , Shen Xin , Zhao Feiyan , Qi Jinxin , Zhong Zhi , Li Dongmei
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 on glucolipid metabolism and gut microbiota (GM) composition in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. The glucolipid metabolic profiles were analyzed. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to investigate GM. The levels of farnesyl X receptor (FXR) and cytochrome p450 7A1 (CYP7A1) were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays. The total bile acids (TBAs), ceramide (CE), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-15 were also detected. The morphological features of liver and pancreas were also analyzed. Compared with the model group, Probio-M8 restored body weight, food intake and water intake, as well as improved hyperglycemia symptoms, serum glucolipid parameters, and the composition of intestinal microbes in T2DM diabetic mice. Moreover, the reduced level of FXR and the increased level of CYP7A1 in T2DM mice were reversed by Probio-M8 treatment. The increased levels of TBA and CE and the reduced levels of GLP-1 and FGF-15 in T2DM mice were altered after Probio-M8 stimulation. Besides, the altered morphology of liver and ileum in T2DM mice was alleviated by Probio-M8 treatment. Taken together, we suggested that the symptoms of T2DM could be ameliorated by Probio-M8 in T2DM mice.
Existence of mild solutions for nonlocal ψ−Caputo-type fractional evolution equations with nondense domain
Authors: Mfadel Ali El , Melliani Said , Kassidi Abderrazak , Elomari M’hamed
Published: December 2022

The main crux of this manuscript is to establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions for nonlocal fractional evolution equations involving ψ−Caputo fractional derivatives of an arbitrary order α ∈ (0, 1) with nondense domain. The mild solutions of our proposed model are constructed by employing generalized ψ−Laplace transform and some new density functions. The proofs are based on Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem and some basic techniques of ψ−fractional calculus. As application, a nontrivial example is given to illustrate our theoritical results.
Adhesion behaviour of 3D printed polyamide–carbon fibre composite filament
Authors: Khalid Nisa Naima , Mohd Radzuan Nabilah Afiqah , Sulong Abu Bakar , Mohd Foudzi Farhana , Hui David
Published: December 2022

Fused deposition modelling is known for its ability to customise materials at peak performance for instant use but lacks in terms of interfacial adhesion of layup sequences. Hence, the mechanism of acquiring excellent interfacial adhesion, mainly via dried-up printed sample, has been discovered, resulting in the proper bonding formation upon layers. Result reveals that the flexural strength increased by 23% under 70°C drying conditions (5 h) and the impact strength increased by 240% compared to pure polyamide. This mechanism resists the deformation growth between the layers and enhances the mechanical strength at the highest level.
Evaluation of chemicals leached from PET and recycled PET containers into beverages
Authors: Steimel Katie G. , Hwang Ruth , Dinh Dan , Donnell Melinda T. , More Sharlee , Fung Ernest
Published: December 2022

The use of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) containers, a recent shift in the beverage industry, poses new potential human health concerns including contamination from the original container; use of additives, detergents, and catalysts during recycling; and improper recycling practices. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate available data regarding: (1) chemicals leached from PET and rPET in bottle form; (2) concentration of these chemicals; and (3) trends between rPET percent and concentration of chemicals leached. This analysis identified 211 scientific articles related to recycled plastic and leachables. Three articles met the inclusion criteria: (1) plastic was in bottle form; (2) plastic was made of PET or rPET; and (3) the study analyzed both PET and rPET using the same methods. This evaluation demonstrated that only nine compounds – benzene, styrene, acetaldehyde, 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, furan, bisphenol A (BPA), 2-buta-none, acetone, and limonene – have been studied. Notably, the leachable concentration of benzene, styrene, and BPA increased as the percent of recycled content increased from 0 to 100%. However, 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane and furan implied a reverse trend, where the leachable concentration decreased as the percent of recycled content increased from 0 to 100%. The concentrations of 2-butanone, acetone, and limonene did not follow any suggested trend. Evidently, recycling PET can lead to changes in the leachables profile. This analysis further identified key areas of research, including testing a variety of liquid types, that need to be addressed to adequately conduct a human health risk assessment.
Loneliness in patients with somatic symptom disorder
Authors: Vos Anique E.C.C. , Jongen Ellen M.M. , van den Hout Anja J.H.C. , van Lankveld Jacques J.D.M.
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Patients with somatoform disorders often experience loneliness. They feel misunderstood and socially rejected. Whereas loneliness is related to several medical conditions, social support can minimize loneliness. In the current study, differences in loneliness and the evaluation of social support between patients with Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) and healthy controls were investigated using standardized questionnaires. In addition, the relation between loneliness and somatic symptoms was investigated.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study design, a group of patients with SSD (n=75) was compared to a healthy control group (n=112). It was hypothesized that [1] patients with SSD experience more loneliness and evaluate their social support more negatively than healthy controls and [2] loneliness will correlate positively with experienced somatic symptoms.

Results

In comparison to healthy controls, patients with SSD experienced more loneliness and their evaluation of social support was more negative. In addition, loneliness correlated positively with the degree of experienced somatic symptoms.

Conclusions

Patients with SSD experienced lower social support, more loneliness, and across the two groups loneliness was positively associated with somatic symptoms. Effect sizes were all large. Therefore, these results may have implications for the treatment of SSD.
Three months outcome of a sample of stroke patients in Erbil city
Authors: Al-Tawil Namir , Mzury Abdullah , Kheder Azad , =Al–Sulaivany Hassan
Published: December 2022

Background and objective: Stroke is still one of the major causes of death, and the incidence and mortalities are increasing. The objective of the study is to measure the three months outcome of stroke patients discharged alive from the hospital. Methods: A longitudinal study was carried out in Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil, Iraq during the period from 1st of April, 2018 to the 30th September, 2018 involving 100 patients with ischemic stroke. Results: The mean age (± SD) of patients was 64.15 ± 13.35 years, the age ranging from 26-89 years, and the median was 65 years. More than half (54%) of patients were males. Twenty (20%) patients died within three months after the development of stroke, 4% developed ischemic stroke after three months. Significantly higher rates of death were detected among those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P <0.001) and those with dysphagia (P = 0.002). No significant association was detected between the case fatality rate with age, gender, body mass index, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, ischemic heart disease, angina, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, heart valve dysfunction, strenuous physical activity, treatment for diabetes, treatment for high cholesterol, and HbA1c levels. Conclusion: The case fatality rate was relatively high three months after the development of stroke. It is recommended to strengthen the follow up measures after patients’ discharge from the hospital.
Host range and structural analysis of bat‐origin RshSTT182/200 coronavirus binding to human ACE2 and its animal orthologs
Authors: Hu Yu , Liu Kefang , Han Pu , Xu Zepeng , Zheng Anqi , Pan Xiaoqian , Jia Yunfei , Su Chao , Tang Lingfeng , Wu Lili , Bai Bin , Zhao Xin , Tian Di , Chen Zhihai , Qi Jianxun , Wang Qihui , Gao George F
Published: December 2022

Bat‐origin RshSTT182 and RshSTT200 coronaviruses (CoV) from Rhinolophus shameli in Southeast Asia (Cambodia) share 92.6% whole‐genome identity with SARS‐CoV‐2 and show identical receptor‐binding domains (RBDs). In this study, we determined the structure of the RshSTT182/200 receptor binding domain (RBD) in complex with human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) and identified the key residues that influence receptor binding. The binding of the RshSTT182/200 RBD to ACE2 orthologs from 39 animal species, including 18 bat species, was used to evaluate its host range. The RshSTT182/200 RBD broadly recognized 21 of 39 ACE2 orthologs, although its binding affinities for the orthologs were weaker than those of the RBD of SARS‐CoV‐2. Furthermore, RshSTT182 pseudovirus could utilize human, fox, and Rhinolophus affinis ACE2 receptors for cell entry. Moreover, we found that SARS‐CoV‐2 induces cross‐neutralizing antibodies against RshSTT182 pseudovirus. Taken together, these findings indicate that RshSTT182/200 can potentially infect susceptible animals, but requires further evolution to obtain strong interspecies transmission abilities like SARS‐CoV‐2.
Macrophagic AMPKα1 orchestrates regenerative inflammation induced by glucocorticoids
Authors: Caratti Giorgio , Desgeorges Thibaut , Juban Gaëtan , Stifel Ulrich , Fessard Aurélie , Koenen Mascha , Caratti Bozhena , Théret Marine , Skurk Carsten , Chazaud Bénédicte , Tuckermann Jan P , Mounier Rémi
Published: December 2022

Macrophages are key cells after tissue damage since they mediate both acute inflammatory phase and regenerative inflammation by shifting from pro‐inflammatory to restorative cells. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most potent anti‐inflammatory hormone in clinical use, still their actions on macrophages are not fully understood. We show that the metabolic sensor AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is required for GCs to induce restorative macrophages. GC Dexamethasone activates AMPK in macrophages and GC receptor (GR) phosphorylation is decreased in AMPK‐deficient macrophages. Loss of AMPK in macrophages abrogates the GC‐induced acquisition of their repair phenotype and impairs GC‐induced resolution of inflammation in vivo during post‐injury muscle regeneration and acute lung injury. Mechanistically, two categories of genes are impacted by GC treatment in macrophages. Firstly, canonical cytokine regulation by GCs is not affected by AMPK loss. Secondly, AMPK‐dependent GC‐induced genes required for the phenotypic transition of macrophages are co‐regulated by the transcription factor FOXO3, an AMPK substrate. Thus, beyond cytokine regulation, GR requires AMPK‐FOXO3 for immunomodulatory actions in macrophages, linking their metabolic status to transcriptional control in regenerative inflammation.
Genetic bases of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
Authors: Cascón Alberto , Calsina Bruna , Monteagudo María , Mellid Sara , Díaz-Talavera Alberto , Currás-Freixes Maria , Robledo Mercedes
Published: December 2022

The genetics of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) has become increasingly complex over the last two decades. The list of genes involved in the development of these tumors has grown steadily, and there are currently more than 20 driver genes implicated in either the hereditary or the sporadic nature of the disease. Although genetic diagnosis is achieved in about 75–80% of patients, genetic etiology remains unexplained in a significant percentage of cases. Patients lacking a genetic diagnosis include not only those with apparently sporadic PPGL but also patients with a family history of the disease or with multiple tumors, that meet the criteria to be considered as candidates for carrying germline mutations in yet undiscovered genes. Mutations in known PPGL genes deregulate three main signaling pathways (hypoxia, kinase signaling, and Wnt-signaling pathways), which could be the starting point for the development of personalized treatment for PPGL patients. Furthermore, the integration of results from several genomic high-throughput platforms enables the discovery of regulatory mechanisms that cannot be identified by analyzing each piece of information separately. These strategies are powerful tools for elucidating optimal therapeutic options based on molecular biomarkers in PPGL and represent an important step toward the achievement of precision medicine for patients with metastatic PPGL.
Investorendialog und Weitergabe von Insiderinformationen – die Entscheidung der FCA gegen Sir Christopher Gent
Authors: Klöhn Lars
Published: December 2022

Die insiderrechtlichen Grenzen des Investorendialogs sind im deutschen Schrifttum vielfach behandelt, aber selten an konkreten Fällen veranschaulicht worden. Anscheinend sind solche Fälle selten. Unternehmerisch beteiligte Aktionäre sind häufig im Aufsichtsrat vertreten oder erhalten Informationen legal im Rahmen der Konzernberichterstattung. Institutionelle Anleger wie die Manager von Hedge-, Pensions- oder Indexfonds haben grundsätzlich kein Interesse an Insiderinformationen, weil sie in Kenntnis dieser Informationen nicht handeln dürfen. Selbst wenn Insiderinformationen weitergegeben werden, lässt sich dies oft nicht beweisen, so dass die Fälle im Verborgenen bleiben. Umso spektakulärer ist daher die Final Notice der FCA an Sir Christopher Gent wegen Verstoßes gegen das insiderrechtliche Weitergabeverbot der MAR. Die Entscheidung zeigt erstens, dass institutionelle Anleger sehr wohl ein Interesse am Erhalt von Insiderinformationen haben, nämlich dann, wenn diese Information impliziert, vom Handel abzusehen (Insider-Abstinenz). Zweitens macht sie deutlich, wie sorglos selbst „Veteranen“ in Führungspositionen manchmal mit Insiderwissen umgehen. Grund genug, die Entscheidung dem deutschen Publikum vorzustellen und die mit ihr verbundenen Rechtsfragen einer näheren Analyse zu unterziehen.
Tagungsbericht Konferenz „Opportunities and Risks of Digital Transformation in Finance and Beyond“
Authors: Beilner Maximilian , Pinski Marc , Ray Jessica , Schmidt Jan-Hendrik , Sehorz Jan , Tilk Philipp
Published: December 2022

Die ZEVEDI-Projektgruppe KI & Finance – Innovation, Resilienz und Verantwortung organisierte am 2. und 3. Juni 2022 an der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/M. eine Konferenz zum Thema „Opportunities and Risks of Digital Transformation in Finance and Beyond“. Angesichts der zahlreichen Möglichkeiten, welche technologische Innovationen im Finanzbereich auf der einen Seite mit sich bringen sowie der Risiken für Banken, Kunden, Aufsichtsbehörden und Zentralbanken auf der anderen Seite, bot die Konferenz die Möglichkeit eines interdisziplinären Austauschs von Wissenschaft und Praxis. Im Mittelpunkt standen Fragen der Vereinbarkeit von technologischen Innovationen mit einem verantwortungsbewussten Regulierungsrahmen in den Kernanwendungsbereichen digitaler Technologien im Finanzsektor wie algorithmischem Kreditscoring, KI-Beratung und digitalen Währungen.
Conversion of Nyamplung Oil into Green Diesel through Catalytic Deoxygenation using NiAg/ZH Catalyst
Authors: Aziz Isalmi , Adhani Lisa , Maulana Muhammad Ihsan , Marwono Mohammad Ali , Dwiatmoko Adid Adep , Nurbayti Siti
Published: December 2022

Nyamplung oil (Calophyllum inophyllum L) can be converted into green diesel by the catalytic deoxygenation method. Bimetallic catalyst NiAg supported by hierarchical natural zeolite (NiAg/ZH) can be used in this method. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the NiAg/ZH catalyst and the optimal conditions for the catalytic deoxygenation of nyamplung oil into green diesel. The NiAg/ZH catalyst was synthesized by wet impregnation with a total metal concentration of 10% and a mass ratio of Ni/Ag of 4. X-Ray Diffraction, Surface Area Analyzer and NH3-TPD characterized the catalyst. Catalytic deoxygenation of Nyamplung oil was carried out by varying the temperature (325, 350 and 375 °C) and reaction time (1, 2 and 3 hours) with a catalyst dosage of 5%. The composition of the product was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. The catalyst XRD spectrum showed a peak at 2θ = 22.38° (clinoptilolite zeolite), 44.42° (Ni) and 38.21° (Ag). The surface area of the catalyst is 46.7024 m2/g, the pore volume is 0.0813 cc/g, the average pore diameter is 6.9632 nm, and the deposit is 1.6882 mmol/g. The optimum catalytic deoxygenation of nyamplung oil was obtained at 350 °C and 3 hours with a gasoline selectivity of 3.51%, kerosene 4.73%, and 62.02% green diesel.
Breastfeeding Handbook for Physicians
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: December 2022

The Breastfeeding Handbook for Physicians, 3rd Edition, is the definitive resource on breastfeeding initiation, maintenance, support, and advocacy. Jointly developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), this must-have handbook features the most important and up-to-date developments in breastfeeding practice, research, policies, and outreach guidance, assembled by an expert physician panel. Available for purchase at https://www.aap.org/breastfeeding-handbook-for-physicians-3rd-edition-paperback/
ACOG Bulletin No. 821: Barriers to Breastfeeding: Supporting Initiation and Continuation of Breastfeeding
Authors:   Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women Breastfeeding Expert Work Group
Published: December 2022

Breastfeeding has maternal, infant, and societal benefits. However, many parents experience obstacles to achieving their breastfeeding goals, leading to reduced rates of breastfeeding initiation and continuation. Despite efforts to increase rates of breastfeeding initiation and continuation, inequities still persist. The factors that influence an individual’s desire and ability to breastfeed are varied and include individual parent considerations; practitioner influences; hospital barriers; societal factors, such as workplace and parental leave policies; access to lactation support; and social support of their breastfeeding goals. A multidisciplinary approach that involves community, family, parents, and health care professionals will strengthen the support for parents and help them achieve their breastfeeding goals.
The Transfer of Drugs and Therapeutics Into Human Breast Milk: An Update On Selected Topics
Authors: Sachs Hari Cheryl ,   COMMITTEE ON DRUGS
Published: December 2022

Many mothers are inappropriately advised to discontinue breastfeeding or avoid taking essential medications because of fears of adverse effects on their infants. This cautious approach may be unnecessary in many cases, because only a small proportion of medications are contraindicated in breastfeeding mothers or associated with adverse effects on their infants. Information to inform physicians about the extent of excretion for a particular drug into human milk is needed but may not be available. Previous statements on this topic from the American Academy of Pediatrics provided physicians with data concerning the known excretion of specific medications into breast milk. More current and comprehensive information is now available on the Internet, as well as an application for mobile devices, at LactMed (http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov). Therefore, with the exception of radioactive compounds requiring temporary cessation of breastfeeding, the reader will be referred to LactMed to obtain the most current data on an individual medication. This report discusses several topics of interest surrounding lactation, such as the use of psychotropic therapies, drugs to treat substance abuse, narcotics, galactagogues, and herbal products, as well as immunization of breastfeeding women. A discussion regarding the global implications of maternal medications and lactation in the developing world is beyond the scope of this report. The World Health Organization offers several programs and resources that address the importance of breastfeeding (see http://www.who.int/topics/breastfeeding/en/). Pediatrics 2013;132:e796-e809
Niemann-Pick disease: symptoms, diagnostics, treatment
Authors:   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine, Sinchuk N.І. , Demianyhsyna V.V. ,   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine
Published: December 2022

Among all inborn errors of metabolism lysosomal storage diseases occupy an important place, because they have a diverse clinical symptoms, manifest at different ages and are disguised as different diseases, which makes the diagnosis of these diseases quite difficult and long-term. Niemann-Pick disease, a rare inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by a disruption of intracellular lipid metabolism, is one such disease. The clinical manifestations of this disease are quite nonspecific, including neurological, visceral, or psychiatric symptoms, and can appear both in childhood and adulthood, which complicates diagnosis. Although this disease belongs to orphan diseases, doctors of many specialties may encounter such a patient - general practitioners, pediatrician, neonatologist, neurologist, gastroenterologist, hepatologist, hematologist and psychiatrist. Due to the specifics of the clinic, insufficient awareness of this disease, referral to a medical geneticist is late and patients remain unrecognized for years. The purpose - to provide up-to-date data on Niemann-Pick type C disease, clinical manifestations, diagnostic difficulties, and information on disease treatment options to increase awareness and awareness of the disease among physicians of various specialties. The article discusses the features of clinical manifestations, basic information about the possibilities of laboratory diagnostics, tools for early detection of the disease and achievements in the treatment of the disease. Management of patients with Niemann-Pick disease is complex, requires a multidisciplinary approach, and can only slow the progression of the disease. That is why early diagnosis of the disease is critically important, because specific treatment started as early as possible gives a chance to slow down the development of complications. Spreading knowledge about this disease will shorten the path to diagnosis and improve the provision of medical care to patients. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.