bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The structural aspects of neural dynamics and information flow
Authors: Woo JunHyuk , Choi Kiri , Kim Soon Ho , Han Kyungreem , Choi MooYoung
Published: January 2022

Background: Neurons have specialized structures that facilitate information transfer using electrical and chemical signals. Within the perspective of neural computation, the neuronal structure is an important prerequisite for the versatile computational capabilities of neurons resulting from the integration of diverse synaptic input patterns, complex interactions among the passive and active dendritic local currents, and the interplay between dendrite and soma to generate action potential output. For this, characterization of the relationship between the structure and neuronal spike dynamics could provide essential information about the cellular-level mechanism supporting neural computations. Results: This work describes simulations and an information-theoretic analysis to investigate how specific neuronal structure affects neural dynamics and information processing. Correlation analysis on the Allen Cell Types Database reveals biologically relevant structural features that determine neural dynamics—eight highly correlated structural features are selected as the primary set for characterizing neuronal structures. These features are used to characterize biophysically realistic multi-compartment mathematical models for primary neurons in the direct and indirect hippocampal pathways consisting of the pyramidal cells of Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) and CA3 and the granule cell in the dentate gyrus (DG). Simulations reveal that the dynamics of these neurons vary depending on their specialized structures and are highly sensitive to structural modifications. Information-theoretic analysis confirms that structural factors are critical for versatile neural information processing at a single-cell and a neural circuit level; not only basic AND/OR but also linearly non-separable XOR functions can be explained within the information-theoretic framework. Conclusions: Providing quantitative information on the relationship between the structure and the dynamics/information flow of neurons, this work would help us understand the design and coding principles of biological neurons and may be beneficial for designing biologically plausible neuron models for artificial intelligence (AI) systems.
Screening a redox library identifies the anti-tumor drug Hinokitiol for treating intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Bai Peiying , Ge Chen , Yang Hui , Chen Haixu , Wan Lingfei , Zhang Yuchen , Zhang Biao , Zeng Quan , Fan Zeng , Pei Xuetao , Yue Wen , Yan Xinlong
Published: January 2022

Aims: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly malignant and heterogeneous cancer with a poor prognosis. At present, there is no optimal treatment except for surgical resection, and recurrence after resection will lead to death due to multidrug resistance. Changes in the redox signal have been found to be closely related to the growth and drug resistance of tumor cells. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to screen small molecule compounds from the redox library to find a drug for anti-ICC and to explore its downstream mechanism. Material and methods: Tumor clone and sphere formation of ICC cell lines, as well as mouse ICC organoid proliferation assays were utilized to screen the candidate drug in the Redox library. Western blotting, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), as well as cell apoptosis and cell cycle flow cytometry assays were used to explore the mechanism. Results: We found that Hinokitiol was a candidate drug through inhibition of tumor clone and sphere formation, and the expression of cancer stem cell (CSC)-related genes. Furthermore, Hinokitiol significantly inhibited the proliferation of ICC cells by downregulating the ERK and P38 pathways. In addition, the combination of Hinokitiol and Palbociclib showed a significant inhibitory effect on human ICC cells and mouse ICC organoids. Conclusion: Hinokitiol may have the potential to be developed as a clinical therapeutic drug for ICC treatment.
Modification Tadalafil and Macitentan tablets to aerosol
Authors: Zarogoulidis Paul , Petridis Dimitris , Sardeli Chrysa , Kosmidis Christoforos , Tsakiridis Kosmas , Matthaios Dimitris , Huang Haidong , Bai Chong , Hohenforst-Schmidt Wolfgang , Pitsiou Georgia , Kioumis Ioannis , Giannakoulas George , Petanidis Savas , Karapantzou Chrysanthi
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Aerosolised drugs have been approved for several diseases such as cystic fibrosis and diabetes. Moreover; there are already drugs for pulmonary hypertension in aerosol form already on the market. Materials and methods: Two drugs for pulmonary hypertension (Tadalafil and Macitentan) were milled and transformed from tablets to powder. Three different jet-nebulizers with seven different residual cups were combined. Moreover, we used 3 different ultrasound nebulizers with two different release methods. Results: The drug and residual cup designs produce alone or jointly different MMAD diameters. The three large (10 mls) residual cups with the jet-nebulisers produced the smallest aerosol droplets. Both ultrasound nebulisers are capable of producing optimal size aerosol droplets ≤5 μm mmad. Conclusions: These two drugs can be easily administered as aerosol and an vivo clinical study will prove the safety for the airways.
Management of macro-reentrant right atrial tachycardia around multiple leads aided by high-density mapping
Authors: Bertini Matteo , Mele Daniela , Vitali Francesco , Balla Cristina , Malagù Michele
Published: January 2022

Background: A 61-year-old male with Steinert Dystrophy and prior history of cardiac implantable device complained of highly symptomatic right atrial tachycardia. Unresponsive to pharmacological therapy. Methods: The patient underwent catheter ablation procedure aided by high-density mapping. Results: Ablation procedure was succesful. Conclusions: This unique case report highlights the role of high-density mapping in the identification of critical isthmus and management of macro-reentrant tachycardia in complex situations such as the presence of multiple leads in the chamber.
Prevalence of left ventricular ‘rigid body rotation’, the near absence of left ventricular twist (insights from the MAGYAR studies)
Authors: Nemes Attila , Kormányos Árpád
Published: January 2022

Left ventricular (LV) twist is defined as the wringing motion of the LV around its long-axis during systole generated by rotation of the LV apex in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed from the apex, while the LV base moves in a clockwise direction. In several cases, the LV apex and base move in the same direction during ejection demonstrating a special condition called as LV ‘rigid body rotation’. The present review aimed to summarize our knowledge about this rare but not fully understood entity demonstrating its theoretic pathophysiologic background, clinical significance, associated diseases, and reversibility based on available literature.
Incremental value of the measures of arterial stiffness in cardiovascular risk assessment
Authors: Lee Gwon Pung , Kim Hack-Lyoung
Published: January 2022

Predicting the occurrence of organ damage and future cardiovascular events is critical to improving patient prognosis through early personalized treatment. Although many tools have been developed and used for individuals’ cardiovascular risk, they have limitations and unmet needs for improved risk stratification. For this purpose, arterial stiffness information can be practical. Arterial walls stiffen with age or prolonged exposure to various noxious stimuli such as high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, inflammation and oxidative stress. Differently from several methods of measuring arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity (PWV) is most widely used for its non-invasive and easy measurement. It is well authorized that information on arterial stiffness is associated with the development of future cardiovascular events, independent from traditional cardiovascular risk factors, in various patient groups with specific diseases along with the general population. Moreover, when this information of arterial stiffness is associated with other risk stratification tools, it is possible to predict individuals’ cardiovascular risk easier. Herein, we will review the incremental value of the measurement of arterial stiffness in cardiovascular risk assessment when combined with other risk factors such as traditional risk factors, biomarkers, other vascular testing and non-invasive cardiac imaging.
Calcified aortic valve disease complicated with and without diabetes mellitus: the underlying pathogenesis
Authors: Chen Yujia , Xiao Feng , Wang Ruxing
Published: January 2022

As the most prevalent valvular heart disease, calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a major health problem with risk of severe morbidity and mortality in the absence of effective medical treatment beyond surgical or interventional aortic valve replacement. The pathology involved in CAVD is multifactorial, including valvular endothelial cells damage, valvular interstitial cells differentiation, extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammation, fibrosis and calcification. Various risk factors for CAVD have been reported, such as age, gender, smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity and bicuspid aortic valves. Recently, diabetes mellitus has also been shown to accelerate the progression of CAVD. CAVD patients complicated with diabetes mellitus may benefit from early aortic valve replacement when compared with those without diabetes mellitus. Hence, diabetes mellitus is considered as an independent risk factor for CAVD. Therefore, in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of these two diseases and their relationship may help us find appropriate prevention and therapeutic strategies for CAVD patients complicated with diabetes mellitus.
Sex differences in ventricular arrhythmia: epidemiology, pathophysiology and catheter ablation
Authors: Krisai Philipp , Cheniti Ghassen , Takagi Takamitsu , Kamakura Tsukasa , Surget Elodie , André Clémentine , Duchateau Josselin , Pambrun Thomas , Derval Nicolas , Sacher Frédéric , Jaïs Pierre , Haïssaguerre Michel , Hocini Mélèze
Published: January 2022

Evidence on sex differences in the pathophysiology and interventional treatment of ventricular arrhythmia in ischemic (ICM) or non-ischemic cardiomyopathies (NICM) is limited. However, women have different etiologies and types of structural heart disease due to sex differences in genetics, proteomics and sex hormones. These differences may influence ventricular electrophysiological parameters and may require different treatment strategies. Considering that women were consistently under-represented in all randomized-controlled trials on VT ablation, the applicability of the study results to female patients is not known. In this article, we review the current knowledge and gaps in evidence about sex differences in the epidemiology, pathophysiology and catheter ablation in patients with ventricular arrhythmias.
Bacteria and the growing threat of multidrug resistance for invasive cardiac interventions
Authors: Pierce Grant N. , Resch Craig , Mourin Muntahi , Dibrov Pavel , Dibrov Elena , Ravandi Amir
Published: January 2022

Invasive cardiovascular procedures which include heart transplantations, congenital heart surgery, coronary artery bypass grafts, cardiac valve repair and replacement, and interventional cardiac electrophysiology procedures represent common mechanisms to treat a variety of cardiovascular diseases across the globe. The majority of these invasive approaches employ antibiotics as a regular and obligatory feature of the invasive procedure. Although the growing incidence of bacterial resistance to currently used antibiotics threatens to curtail the use of all interventional surgical techniques, it remains an underappreciated threat within the arsenal of cardiovascular therapies. It is reasonable to expect that the continued overuse of antibiotics and the frequent management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected patients with high doses of antibiotics will inevitably accentuate the rise of multidrug resistance. The purpose of this article is to heighten awareness of the role of bacterial infections in cardiovascular disease, the use of antibiotics in today’s cardiovascular surgical theaters, the threat facing cardiovascular surgery should multidrug resistance continue to rise unabated, and the development of new antibiotic platforms to solve this problem.
Management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: challenges in patients with atrial fibrillation, renal disease and in the elderly
Authors: Kolben Yotam , Kessler Asa , Puris Gal , Nachman Dean , Alvarez Paulino , Briasoulis Alexandros , Asleh Rabea
Published: January 2022

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is an increasing global pandemic affecting more than 30 million individuals worldwide. Importantly, HFrEF is frequently accompanied by the presence of cardiac and non-cardiac comorbidities that may greatly influence the management and prognosis of the disease. In this review article, we will focus on three important comorbidities in HFrEF; atrial fibrillation (AF), advanced renal disease, and elderly, which all have a paramount impact on progression of the disease, management strategies, and response to therapy. AF is very common in HFrEF and shares many risk factors. AF aggravates heart failure and contributes to HF-related adverse clinical outcomes; hence it requires special consideration in HFrEF management. The kidney function is largely affected by the reduced cardiac output developed in the setting of HFrEF, and the neurohormonal feedback effects create a complex interplay that pose challenges in the management of HFrEF when renal function is significantly impaired. Cardiorenal syndrome is a challenging sequela with increased morbidity and mortality thereby reflecting the delicate and complex balance between the heart and the kidney in HFrEF and renal failure conditions. Furthermore, patients with advanced renal failure have poor prognosis in the presence of HFrEF with limited treatment options. Finally, aging and frailty are important factors that influence treatment strategies in HFrEF with greater emphasis on tolerability and safety of the various HFrEF therapies in elderly individuals.
Sex beyond cardiovascular risk factors and clinical biomarkers of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Bergami Maria , Scarpone Marialuisa , Bugiardini Raffaele , Cenko Edina , Manfrini Olivia
Published: January 2022

In recent years, increasing attention has been reserved to the analysis of sex-related differences in pathophysiology and prognosis of ischemic heart disease (IHD). The traditional conventional cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesteremia, diabetes mellitus and cigarette smoking) are still considered the major risk factors for IHD in both sexes. Nevertheless, recent studies show that they may interact with male and female coronary anatomy in a different manner. The path to sex-specific risk stratification of IHD is also supported by differences in inflammation and necrosis biomarkers (such as C-reactive protein and troponins, respectively). Indeed, large cohort studies often show different mean values of these markers in men and women. The current review summarizes the state-of-art knowledge on sex-related differences in cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac biomarkers with a prognostic value.
Roman Catholic Church in the political life of modern Poland
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Volobuev Vadim V.
Published: January 2022

The chapter describes the influence of the Roman Catholic Church on the domestic and foreign policies of Poland from the signing of the Treaty of May 1989 between the government and episcopate to the parliamentary elections of 2019. The author shows the interaction of the clergy and parties sharing the social doctrine of the church, in particular the Law and Justice Party, and the role of the personality and views of John Paul II in current Polish politics. Finally, the author considers the disputes and conflicts within Polish Catholicism.
Left-wing spectrum of the Czechoslovak political opposition in search of new solutions. The late 1980s to early 1990s
Authors:   Institute of History, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vorachek Emil
Published: January 2022

The chapter is devoted to the history of the formation and activity of left-wing organizations in the Czechoslovak political opposition from the late 1980s to early 1990s. Those organizations were made up of diverse ideological currents from both inside and outside the ranks of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (СPCz). Attempts to develop alternative scenarios of social, political, and socio-economic changes in the country are examined. The left-wing had difficulties adaptating to the changing conditions provided by the leader of the revolution - the Civil Forum - towards the liberal transformational model. In general, during the period examined in the chapter, the forces of the left, for various reasons, failed to realize their vision for future development.
The dilemmas of Czech political life and their pragmatic solutions. 1998–2002
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zadorozhnyuk Ella G.
Published: January 2022

In 1998, the Czech Republic underwent a radical shift from the confrontational/conflicted political style of the first half of the 1990s to a pragmatic/consensual style. The leaders of the two largest political parties - the center-left Czech Social Democratic Party and the center-right Civic Democratic Party - signed the Opposition Treaty. From that point, it is possible to describe a new political mechanism that reformed the framework of cooperation between the Social Democrats and the Civil Democrats. These techniques of negotiation appeared again, and in a modified version, after another turning point in Czech political history, when the Action movement of disaffected citizens focusing on pragmatic solutions, made a compromise agreement with the CPCzM in 2011. This style of political decision-making can also be given a more expansive interpretation: it can be seen as a specific feature of the political history of a state located in the heart of Europe, economically prosperous and politically extremely turbulent.
Monument to Marshal Konev as a victim of Czech contradictions on Russia
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Trukhachev Vadim V.
Published: January 2022

The authorities of the Prague 6 district took down the monument to Marshal Konev, who liberated the Czech capital in May 1945. Russia could not prevent this, because the monument was not subject to an intergovernmental agreement. The laws of the Czech Republic allow municipal authorities to decide the fate of monuments standing on their territory. The actions of Czech politicians on a regional level appeared to demonstrate profound ingratitude in the eyes of many people - some condemned the politicians in the sharpest possible terms, but others supported and praised the decision. Representatives of the majority of political parties represented in the Czech Parliament, as well as the country's President Miloš Zeman, spoke on the topic. The “bronze Marshal” became a victim of Czech internal political disputes over relations with Russia. There is no state-level “war” against monuments to Red Army soldiers in the Czech Republic. However, decisions to remove them have been taken several times at local level.
Czechoslovakian elites before the “velvet” revolution (1985–1989)
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikitin Viktor V.
Published: January 2022

The processes leading to the “velvet” revolution in Czechoslovakia are examined in this chapter; using archival documents, the preconditions of the “perestroika” economy in the USSR and its impact on the economies of Central and Southeast European countries, including Czechoslovakia, are analyzed. Differentiation within the framework of the ruling CPCz is characterized; the attitudes of members of the federal and national governments, as well as those of deputies of the federal parliament, to the “velvet” revolution are examined; and the role of Slovak politicians in the search for ways to transform the country is emphasized.
Romania thirty years later: from a totalitarian dictatorship to a deep state?
Authors: Morozov Nikolai N.
Published: January 2022

This chapter combines an analysis of the party-political system of post-communist Romania with the impressions of a direct witness to the most important historical events in the country, tracing the political evolution of Romania over the 30 years after the December revolution of 1989, which led to the overthrow of the totalitarian regime of Ceauşescu. A review of political parties and alliances is presented, which may be of practical benefit to researchers working on this period in Romanian history. On the basis of numerous sources and direct interviews with Romanian politicians, some specific characteristics of the political process in the country are identified. An attempt has been made to show the mechanisms of political power that have emerged since the collapse of the former totalitarian system.
Milovan Djilas on the self-destruction of Communism
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Edemsky Andrei B.
Published: January 2022

The chapter presents the results of an examination of the attitude of Milovan Djilas (1911- 1995), the world's most famous opponent of Communist power and the Communist system during the Cold War, who was removed from the ranks of the political elite in the early 1950s for his critique which predicted the collapse of the Soviet bloc and the monopoly of Communist power. Djilas was convinced of the inevitability of such a finale from the second half of the 1950s, describing in his article “Storm in Eastern Europe” the theoretical beginning of the disintegration of the Soviet bloc. The validity of the three stages and the protective reaction of the USSR he predicted was confirmed in 1968 in Czechoslovakia. His hypotheses about the process of changes in Eastern Europe, the mutual influence of processes in the USSR and Eastern Europe, Stalinism as a logical continuation of Leninism, the futility of returning to Lenin's practice, and the idea of the rotting and decomposition of the governing stratum of the Communist bureaucracy (the “New Class”) as a natural result of its evolution formed the basis for his assessments of processes in the Soviet camp in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when Djilas focused in his writing mainly on the activities and personality of the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. The complex nature of Djilas's ideas and their evolution from Marxism to critical positivism are also confirmed in the third book of his trilogy Managers and the Collapse of Communism, written in the early 1990s, about the “new class” as the losing stratum of Communists.
Transformation in Eastern Europe — democracy or nationalism
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikiforov Konstantin V.
Published: January 2022

The transformation process began in Eastern Europe with the “velvet” revolutions and continued after the “color” revolutions. There is much in common between these two types of transformational revolutions, starting with the fact that both are mass protest movements based on the mixing of ideological elements of democracy and nationalism. However, elements of nationalism usually emerge not immediately after the collapse of communism, but after the first democratic changes, even if these nationalist movements are still timid and unsuccessful. That is, nationalists are taking the initiative not from communists, but from democrats.
Moscow and Podgorica in 1997–1999: in search of common interests
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Smirnov Yakov N.
Published: January 2022

The chapter highlights the process of interaction between the Russian Federation and Montenegro, which was part of the FRY, from 1997 to 1999. During this period, Russia stepped up its policy in the Balkans, particularly in Yugoslavia. Montenegro became a stronghold for Moscow. The republic itself during this time was going through a period of domestic political instability, and by the end of 1997 a controversial figure came to power in the country, one of the representatives of the local political elite - former Prime Minister Milo Djukanovic. Russian ruling circles and big business provided him with serious political and financial support in exchange for future preferences during privatisation, as well as hoping to make Montenegro a more reliable partner than it had been under the president of the FRY, Slobodan Milosevic. For Djukanovic, such support played a significant role in building up his influence and authority within the country.
The integration role of Greece in the Balkans: politics and economics
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleksandrova Anna K.
Published: January 2022

Since the mid-twentieth century, Greece has been trying, with varying degrees of success in different periods, to act as a primary agent of unification for the Balkan region. Political and economic shifts in the Balkans and in Greece itself allow us to divide the Balkan integration process into three stages. During the first stage, from the end of World War Two to the collapse of the Eastern bloc, Greece was for the most part isolated from the rest of the Balkans. The shift towards democracy and a market economy in the early 1990s marked the second stage, and this determined the growing political and economic influence of Greece in the Balkans. Greece became the primary outpost of European integration among the Balkan countries. The situation changed dramatically in 2009, after the onset of the financial and economic crisis, and represents the beginning of the third stage. The debt issues Greece faced adversely impacted the other countries and caused euroskeptic ideas to spread throughout the Balkans. The chapter thoroughly examines the integrative role of Greece in the Balkan region in each of the aforementioned stages.
Hungary thirty years after the “change of system”. Hungarian “New Economic Policy” of Viktor Orbán
Authors: Lukyanov Fedor Y.
Published: January 2022

Having come to power after the parliamentary elections of 2010, Victor Orbán's ChristianDemocratic government has radically changed the country's economic course; the previous government's economic policy nearly brought Hungary to the brink of bankruptcy. The new government has partially nationalized the backbone sectors of the economy - gas, oil, and banking. This measure was aimed at maximizing the development possibilities and attracting investors to the country, while reducing corporate and personal income taxes. The unilateral orientation to the EU market has been replaced by the policy of “Opening East”. The Hungarian NEP resulted in accelerated development of the economy. After the 2009 recession, Hungary's GDP growth rate has consistently reached 4-5%. Hungary has become the largest car manufacturer in Central and Eastern Europe. The country has managed to reduce its public debt significantly and to increase its foreign exchange reserves. Unemployment has fallen sharply. Active demographic policy has increased the birth rate.
From the GDR to Eastern Federal Lands of Germany: features of economic and political transformation (1989–2019)
Authors:   Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shanshieva Larisa N.
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses the main stages of social transformation in East Germany since 1989. The author explores the reasons for the peaceful revolution, the split of the political elite, the attempts to unite left-leaning parties, and movements around the idea of adopting a new constitution and rejecting the statehood of the GDR. The causes of the collapse of the GDR, the features of institutional changes in the eastern lands after 1990, and the protracted nature of the transformation are analyzed. The chapter also presents the data on the costs of economic recovery in the eastern federal states and the main socio-economic indicators of development in East and West Germany. Specific attention is paid to the mental differences between East and West Germans and the causes of nostalgic sentiments among the population of the Eastern lands. The question of the modern perception and study of the history of the GDR is also considered. Conclusions are drawn about the specific features of the model of social transformation in East Germany.
Thе Influеncе of Еducational Lеvеls on Wеalth of Jordanians
Authors: Lе Trаng , Nguyеn My , Le Kien
Published: January 2022

Abstract: This study aims to еxaminе whеthеr еducatеd Jordanians livе wеalthiеr lifе. According to thе study, Jordanian with morе еducation arе wеalthiеr than Jordanian with lеss еducation. In quantitativе tеrms, onе еducational yеar in Jordan is associatеd with a 0.054 standard dеviation incrеasе in Jordanian wеalth indеx, complеting primary schooling raisеs Jordanian wеalth indеx by 0.397 standard dеviations, and complеting sеcondary schooling raisеs Jordanian wеalth indеx by 0.344 standard dеviations.
Analisis Video Comments To Video Likes Ratio Instagram Pada 5 Brand Sandal Terhits Di Indonesia
Authors: Rindengan Rio Rovando
Published: January 2022

Instagram, which is usually abbreviated as IG, is a photo and video sharing application that allows users to take photos, take videos, apply digital filters, and share them on various social networking services, including Instagram's own. One unique feature on Instagram is cropping photos into square shapes, so they look like the results of Kodak Instamatic and Polaroid cameras. This is different from the 4:3 or 16:9 aspect ratio that is commonly used by cameras on mobile devices. Instagram can be used on any iPhone, iPad or iPod Touch version with the iOS 7.0 operating system or later, any Android mobile phone with the operating system version 2.2 (Froyo) and above, and Windows Phone 8. This application can be downloaded via the Apple App Store and Google Play. On April 9, 2012, it was announced that Facebook had agreed to take over Instagram for approximately $1 billion. Instagram was first released on October 6, 2010, 11 years ago, the name Instagram Instagram comes from the understanding of the overall function of this application. The word "insta" comes from the word "instant", like the polaroid camera which at that time was better known as "instant photo". Instagram can also display photos instantly, like a polaroid in its display. As for the word "gram" comes from the word "telegram" which works to send information to others quickly. Similarly, Instagram can upload photos using the Internet, so the information you want to convey can be received quickly. That's why Instagram is an extension of the words instant and telegram. On April 9, 2012, it was announced that Instagram would be taken over by Facebook for nearly $1 billion in cash and stock. On May 11, 2016, Instagram introduced a new look as well as a new icon and new app design. Inspired by previous app icons, the new icon is a simple camera and a vivid rainbow in the form of a gradient. There are 5 sandal vendors in Indonesia that use Instagram accounts as a marketing platform, namely:
The COVID States Project #77: Healthcare workers' perception of COVID-19 misinformation
Authors: Trujillo Kristin Lunz , Baum Matthew , Lazer David , Ognyanova Katherine , Druckman James , Perlis Roy , Santillana Mauricio , Uslu Ata , Quintana Alexi , Safarpour Alauna , Green Jon , Pippert Caroline H , Lin Jennifer , Qu Hong , Shere Anjuli
Published: January 2022

How significant a problem is misinformation for the delivery of healthcare services? Misinformation, and any resulting misperceptions, certainly have the potential to negatively impact people’s attitudes and behaviors surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. Whether or not someone internalizes misinformation depends on multiple factors, but one key consideration is their level of trust in established experts providing cues on COVID-19 behavior. For instance, people who do not trust sources such as the CDC will be less likely to follow its recommendations on COVID-19 prevention behaviors, and may instead opt to seek out information - which often turns out to be misinformation - on their own. Understanding the sources and effects of information and misinformation is therefore important.
ANALISIS VIDEO COMMENTS TO VIEWERS RATIO YOUTUBE PADA 7 YOUTUBER WANITA KREATIF DAN POPULER DI INDONESIA
Authors: Pratiwi Arti Amartya
Published: January 2022

Youtube merupakan sebuah situs web berbagi video yang dibuat oleh tiga mantan karyawan Paypal pada februari 2005. Situs web ini memungkinkan pengguna mengunggah, menonton, dan berbagi video. Youtube menjadi salah satu media sosial yang sangat popular, dan menjadi wadah dan peluang yang sangat besar untuk dunia marketing lewat konten atau video yang diunggah oleh youtuber sehingga bisa menarik perhatian banyak viewers. Adapun 7 Youtuber Wanita Kreatif dan Populer di Indonesia yang memanfaatkan youtube sebagai platform untuk membuat konten yang menarik yaitu : Sacha Stevenson, Natasha Farani, Rani Ramadhany, Ashilla, Dhana Xavier, Nadya cooking, dan Fathia Izzati. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kredibilitas performa dari akun YouTube 7 YouTuber Wanita Kreatif dan Populer di Indonesia menggunakan Video Comments to Viewers Ratio. Metode yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini yaitu metode eksploratif kuantitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa akun youtube Sacha Stevenson mendapatkan peringkat pertama dan memiliki kredibilitas performa akun yang baik.
The COVID States Project #78: American mask use and CDC guidance
Authors: Safarpour Alauna , Quintana Alexi , Lazer David , Perlis Roy , Baum Matthew , Ognyanova Katherine , Shere Anjuli , Trujillo Kristin Lunz , Druckman James , Santillana Mauricio , Uslu Ata , Green Jon , Chwe Hanyu , Pippert Caroline H , Lin Jennifer , Qu Hong
Published: January 2022

Late Friday, the CDC updated its guidance regarding mask types for Americans, saying that people now “can choose” to wear higher quality respirators such as N95 or KN95 masks, if they wish. The updated guidance comes on the heels of President Biden’s announcement on Thursday that the nation has more than tripled its stockpile of N95s to help ensure the masks are available to the general population. In this report, we examine Americans’ current attitudes towards mask use including whether and what type of masks Americans currently use, beliefs regarding CDC mask recommendations (attitudescollected before the CDC’s updated guidance issued January 14, 2022), beliefs about which types of masks offer the greatest protection, and how mask use has changed over thecourse of the pandemic. These data shed light on the current masking behavior of Americans and point to current popular understanding (or misunderstanding) of CDC recommendations.
Analisis Video Comments to Image Comments Ratio Instagram Pada 5 Youtuber Indonesia dengan Subscribe Terbanyak
Authors: Adnyana Bagus Made Rasa
Published: January 2022

Perkembangan teknologi informasi membawa sebuah perubahan dalam masyarakat. Lahirnya media sosial menjadikan pola perilaku masyarakat mengalami pergeseran baik budaya, etikan dan norma yang ada. Indonesia dengan jumlah penduduk yang besar dengan berbagai kultur suku, ras dan agama yang beraneka ragam memiliki banyak sekali potensi perubahan sosial. Era globalisasi ini teknologi semakin maju, tidak dapat dipungkiri hadirnya internet semakin dibutuhkan di kalangan masyarakat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, baik itu kegiatan sosialisasi, pendidikan, bisnis, dan sebagainya. Bagi masyarakat khususnya kalangan remaja, media sosial sudah menjadi candu yang membuat penggunanya tiada hari tanpa membuka media sosial. Padahal dalam masa perkembangannya, di sekolah remaja berusaha mencari identitasnya dengan bergaul bersama teman sebayanya. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti bermaksud ingin mendalami suatu fakta, gejala dan peristiwa pengaruh media sosial terhadap perilaku remaja di lapangan sebagaimana adanya dalam konteks ruang dan waktu serta situasi lingkungan remaja secara alami.
Era Digital e a Transformação 4.0
Authors: PALETTA FRANCISCO CARLOS , BARROS VICTOR F. A.
Published: January 2022

A inovação contínua nos vários setores de atividades exige dos profissionais competências cada vez mais aprofundadas no que compete às Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs). Neste sentido, a inovação contínua na formação deste profissional exige práticas pedagógicas modernas e alinhadas com as tendências da era digital. Desta forma, partimos do pressuposto que as demandas por novas competências e habilidades em um mercado de trabalho global em transformação promove uma melhoria contínua no desempenho dos alunos, oferecendo-lhes novas oportunidades de aplicação do conhecimento adquirido ao longo das disciplinas ofertadas. Neste sentido, a partir da colaboração internacional entre a Universidade de São Paulo - Brasil, e a Universidade do Minho - Portugal, este artigo apresenta projeto piloto de aplicação de prática pedagógica em duas disciplinas relacionadas com inovação e formação do profissional para as organizações em duas Instituições de Ensino Superior: a Universidade de São Paulo (USP), no Brasil e a Universidade do Minho (UMINHO), em Portugal. Com esta ação, objetivamos criar uma nova metodologia de ensino que permitirá aplicação dos conceitos teóricos discutidos nestas disciplinas em um conjunto de projetos práticos que visa apoiar a formação-prática nos futuros domínios de intervenção destes alunos para o mercado de trabalho frente aos desafios impostos pela transformação 4.0.
ZAKAT PROFESI
Authors: hasan Diva
Published: January 2022

Istilah zakat profesi dipopulerkan oleh Yusuf al-Qaradhawi (1969) dalam Kitab Fiqh al-Zakâh dengan penggunakan kata kasb al-amal wa al-mihn al-hurrah yang dapat diartikan dengan pencarian dan profesi, yaitu berbagai usaha yang menghasilkan harta kekayaan berupa uang dan sebagainya. Usaha atau kegiatan tersebut dilakukan dengankemampuan fisik, keterampilan tangan atau kemampuan otak termasuk jasa dan usaha-usaha dari seseorang atau sekelompok orang. Wahbah al-Zuhayli (1997: III/1948) secara khusus mengemukakan kegiatan profesi atau pendapatan yang diterima seseorang melalui usaha sendiri seperti dokter, insinyur, ahli hukum, penjahit dan lain sebagainya.
How Internal Hiring Affects Occupational Stratification
Authors: Wilmers Nathan , Kimball William
Published: January 2022

When employers conduct more internal hiring, does this facilitate upward mobility for low-paid workers or does it protect the already advantaged? To assess the effect of within-employer job mobility on occupational stratification, we develop a framework that accounts for inequality in both rates and payoffs of job changing. Internal hiring facilitates advancement for workers without strong credentials, but it excludes workers at employers with few good jobs to advance into. Analyzing Current Population Survey data, we find that when internal hiring increases in a local labor market, it facilitates upward mobility less than when external hiring increases. When workers in low-paid occupations switch jobs, they benefit more from switching employers than from moving jobs within the same employer. One-third of this difference is due to low-paid workers isolated in industries with few high-paying jobs to transfer into. An occupationally segregated labor market therefore limits the benefits that internal hiring can bring to the workers who most need upward mobility.
Lorentzian geometrical structures with global time, Gravity and Electrodynamics
Authors: Poliakovsky Arkady
Published: January 2022

We investigate Lorentzian structures in the four-dimensionalspace-time, supplemented either by a covector field of thetime-direction or by a scalar field of the global time. Furthermore,we propose a new metrizable model of the gravity. In contrast to theusual Theory of General Relativity where all ten components of thesymmetric pseudo-metrics are independent variables, the presentedhere model of the gravity essentially depend only on singlefour-covector field, restricted to have only three-independentcomponents. However, we prove that the Gravitational field, ruled bythe proposed model and generated by some massive body, resting andspherically symmetric in some coordinate system, is given by apseudo-metrics, which coincides with thewell known Schwarzschild metric from the General Relativity. TheMaxwell equations and Electrodynamics are also investigated in theframes of the proposed model. In particular, we derive the covariantformulation of Electrodynamics of moving dielectrics andpara/diamagnetic mediums.
SISTEM PENJAMINAN MUTU INTERNAL (SPMI)
Authors: Muh Yunus S.Sos. , Rosdiana
Published: January 2022

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to look at the educational achievements of students through an internal quality assurance system and as a tool to achieve and maintain school progress. Research, with a quantative approach. The data obtained is obtained through interview techniques, observations, and library studies. The results of the study were analyzed by using data reduction, presentation of data and drawing conclusions. The findings of the meaning of the importance of SPMI are implemented in elementary school educational institutions. The study was conducted at one of SMAN 3 Wajo's schools. The results of this study show that: (1) SPMI which is carried out continuously contributes to the acquisition of superior accreditation ratings. (2) The SPMI cycle that is carried out in its entirety has guided the course of various tasks from school stakeholders. (3) Quality culture can be created through the implementation of SPMI.Keywords: Internal Quality Assurance System; Quality of SMAN 3 Wajo School
PAKRIMPUNGANG SANJAK MANGKASARAK BORIK MALABBIRITTA
Authors: Muh Yunus S.Sos.
Published: January 2022

KANA PAPPAKARIOLOKupakarioloi pappalak sukkurukku mange ri Karaeng Allahu Taala nasabak Nasareku buku magassing, pappijojjok, siagang panngamaseang sanggenna akkulle kupakrappungang anne sanjak Mangkasarak bate limangku nakkulle ajjari sekre bobbok. Sanjak Mangkasarak bate ukirikku sangkamma sekre pappidalek Nasareangak Karaeng Allahu Taala.Kanniakkanna anne bobboka sannak nikarannuanna nasabak kurannna injapa sanjak-sanjak Mangkassarak makaakkulle nibaca iareka nipappilajari ri mahasiswayya kammayya tompa anak-anak pasikolayya. Jari, kuminasai kaniakkanna anne bobboka barang ajjari bobbok makaallulle niparek bacang mabajik nakkulle anngerang matu-matu, bajik na ri doseng ampanngajjarangi Puisi Mangkasaraka, guru-gurua, mahasiswayya, siagang pasikolayya.Anne sanjak-sanjakku akkullei nibassukang lanri niakna pallompoi sumangak battu ri alasiapayya tumalabbirik, kammayyami Rektor Univeritas Negeri Makassar, Dekan Fakultas Bahasa dan Sastra, Ketua Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, siagang sikamma doseng niaka anngajarak ri Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Daerah. Lanri kammannami anjo kuppabattu tarima kasi majai dudu. Dasi na dasi barang Nabalasajji pakmaik bajitta Karaeng Allahu Taala. Kupabattui pole tarima kasi assangkammayya mange ri tumalabbiritta Dr.Ery Iswari, M.Hum na Dr. Hajrah, S.S.,M.Pd. lanri eroknaja assare kana sambutan na pappakabaji ri kaniakkanna anne bobboka.Taena todong kutakkaluppa appabattu tarima kasi majai dudu mange ri Daengku Dr.H. Muh.Yahya, M.Pd. siagang anak-anak tuningaiku Nurul Fajriah yahya, S.Psi., Syahratul Hawaisa Yahya, S.Farm., Nur Fajar Malik, S.Tr.Pi. (mintu), dan Muhammad Fahmi Yahya lanri laccukna nyawana salleang akkulle kupaknassa anne sanjaka ajjari bobbok. Dasi na dasi barang anne sanjak bate limangku nakkulle anggappa panngamaseang battu ri Karaeng Allahu Taala na tuli massolong mange ruwayya tunnganakkangku.Taena rupatau sukkuk pammuntulukna, kamma tonji anne ukirang bate limangku maknassami jai kakuranganna bajik na ri bukuang kananna kammayya tompa ukiranna. Jari kupalaki pakmaij bajitta ri katte tau ambacayyai sollanna na kipakakanang punna niak kana majule na kipakanaba punna niak ukirang masala.Dasi na dasi barang Nabalasajji Karaeng Allahu Taala sikamma pakmaik bajitta. Barangkammai apa nanggeranja matu-matu na pallompoi sumangak ri katte tau ambacayaai anne sanjak-sanjak Mangkasaraka.Makassar, 1 Desember 2021Prof.Dr.Hj.Kembong Daeng,M.Hum.
Biodiversity loss and its solutions
Authors: Hanh Ha Thi Hong , Giang Hoàng Trường , Hà Chu Nguyệt , Hằng Hà Minh , Hang Duong Minh , Toan Nguyen Khanh , Đan Trần Thị Linh , Ha Nguyen Thi Thu , Hang Nguyen Thi , Ha Nguyen Mai
Published: January 2022

Biodiversity loss and its solutions
Analisis Dislikes to Subscriber Ratio Youtube Pada 4 Rekomendasi Channel Belajar Bahasa Inggris Terbaik di Youtube Indonesia
Authors: Mowisu Jeremia Axelano
Published: January 2022

Youtube merupakan sebuah aplikasi berbentuk Video Sharing dimana pengguna dapat melihat video dari pengguna lainya, karena pengguna Youtube dapat mengunggah video untuk di nikmati oleh para penggunaan Youtube yang lain atau penonton. Youtube dirasakan memiliki kekuatan ataupun pengaruh dalam industry, seperti sosial media marketing. Adapun 4 Rekomendasi Channel Belajar Bahasa Inggris Terbaik di Youtube Indonesia yang memanfaatkan Youtube sebagai platform marketing, yaitu : Aaron’s English, Kampung Inggris LC ─ Language Center, Guruku Mr D, dan Sarah Johnson. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menghitung kredibilitas dari performa akun Youtube 4 Rekomendasi Channel Belajar Bahasa Inggris Terbaik di Youtube Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini yaitu metode eksploratif kuantitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Kampung Inggris LC ─ Language Center mendapatkan peringkat pertama dan memiliki kredibilitas performa akun yang baik.
INDONESIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY
Authors: Journal of Social Justice and Policy
Published: January 2022

The concept of national identity in the midst of the development of globalization requires a country to strengthen its national identity in order to maintain the integrity and unity of the nation. This paper attempts to provide a contemporary view of the perception of national identity in a country. This paper focuses on the state of Indonesia. This paper uses discourse discourse studies and data collection uses literature studies.
statacons: An SCons-Based Build Tool for Stata
Authors: Guiteras Raymond , Kim Ahnjeong , Quistorff Brian , Shumway Clayson
Published: January 2022

This paper presents statacons, an SCons-based build tool for Stata. Because of the integration of Stata and Python in recent versions of Stata, we are able to adapt SCons for Stata workflows without the use of an external shell or extensive configuration. We discuss the usefulness of build tools generally, provide examples of the use of statacons in Stata workflows, present key elements of the syntax of statacons, and discuss extensions, alternatives, and limitations. Appendices provide installation instructions and recommendations for collaborative workflows.
Chronic loneliness: neurocognitive mechanisms and interventions
Authors: Morr Mitjan , Liu Xiqin , Hurlemann Rene , Becker Benjamin , Scheele Dirk
Published: January 2022

Loneliness has been associated with detrimental effects on mental and physical health and is increasingly recognized as a critical public health issue which may be further exacerbated by societal challenges such as increasing urbanization, an aging society as well as the COVID-19 pandemic. We here review recent findings on the neurocognitive mechanisms and brain alterations that underpin social disconnectedness, therapeutic approaches for chronic loneliness and how these lines of research can be integrated to improve the efficacy of loneliness interventions in healthy individuals and patients with mental disorders.