bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of GIS Spatial Analysis, Remote Sensing, and Unmanned Aerial Systems in Determining the Susceptibility to Wildfires in Barber County, Kansas
Authors:   , Sill Kara
Published: February 2023

Wildfires are becoming more frequent each year not only in the United States, but throughout the world. Barber County, Kansas experienced a devastating wildfire in March 2016, and continues to be at risk of wildfires during the fire season months. This study involved creating a functional GIS Database with layers corresponding to communication, transportation, and infrastructure throughout the county. This will allow responders and officials to have one unified reference space, which will facilitate communication and navigation. Within the ArcGIS environment, route maps can be created to show potential routes and quickest drive time to the scene of the emergency. Another aspect of this project was to identify areas with the potential for large fire outbreaks. In order to monitor fire hazardous areas, Landsat imagery was utilized to identify potential outbreak areas using the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index. Using this imagery allows officials to track areas that are at risk of overgrowth and fuel build up. Imagery taken from an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) was used to provide a different perspective of the fire front. Having the vantage point being taken above the fire allows for responders to see exactly where the fire is currently active. The UAS also provided a more time efficient way of observing grassland conditions of the study area, Township 34 South, Range 13 West. While the focus of this project is in Barber County, Kansas, the techniques utilized can be transferred and set up for other counties across the United States.
Coping Styles of the Mathematically Anxious as Assessed by the Miller Behavioral Style Scale
Authors:   , Suthon Archie
Published: February 2023

Two hundred and eighteen psychology and math students of Fort Hays State University helped to investigate the relationships between math anxiety and a coping style based on the attentional process. These two constructs were measured by the Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS) and the Miller Behavioral Style Scale (MBSS). The actual investigation used two subscales from each of the measures; the Mathematics Test Anxiety Scale and the Numerical Anxiety Scale (Rounds & Hendel, 1980) from the MARS, and the Monitor and Blunter subscales from the MBSS (Miller, 1987). A monitor looks for more information when under threat while a blunter avoids seeking information when under threat. Each individual was categorized as a high or low monitor and blunter, as well as high or low anxious on both of the math anxiety subscales. Relations between subscales were examined within and between various categories of subjects. A relationship was found between the 2 high monitor categories and high math anxiety. A factor analysis of the MARS replicated the existence of the two subscales developed by Rounds and Hendel (1980).
The Development of Empathy Among Rural Nurses
Authors:   , Myers Janet
Published: February 2023

The present study examined the possible relationships among: empathy in the rural registered nurse (RN), self-concept and years of experience. Previous research had found a relationship between years of nursing experience and empathy. Other literary works suggested that self- concept may influence the ability to empathize. The purpose of this investigation was to examine whet her or not a relationship existed between empathy and each of the above variables among rural registered nurses. Erickson, Tomlin and Swain's (1988) paradigm of modeling and role-modeling provided the theoretical framework for the present study. Modeling enables the nurse to understand the client's perspective of his world. Role-modeling is accomplished by planning and implementing nursing care which is individualized and unique to the client. The nurse, in a partnership with the client, facilitates healing by promoting client control and strengths and ultimately, accomplishment of mutual goals. The present descriptive correlational study collected data from rural Kansas RNs pertaining to their empathy, self-concept, years of experience, level of education, age and gender. Eligible participants were required to have a current Kansas RN license and work in a rural health care facility located in rural Kansas. Correlational analysis was used to identify if a significant relationship existed between empathy, self-concept and years of experience. Age, gender and educational background were also examined. The ability to identify variables that correlate statistically with empathy within the health care professional would contribute to the understanding of a concept which, although essential to the profession of nursing, remains poorly understood. Being able to exhibit empathic concern for the client increases client satisfaction and enhances positive outcomes (Raudonis, 1993). In turn, this may increase personal satisfaction for the nursing professional and enhance nursing process and direct nursing care.
The Status of Journalism in Kansas High Schools and Colleges
Authors:   , Heinze Leland
Published: February 2023

The main purposes of this survey are to compare the journalism curriculums in Kansas high schools and colleges with the requirements of Kansas newspaper publishers and their demand for trained journalists.
Hemispheric Specialization for Emotion : An Eeg Study of Covert Mental Activity
Authors:   , Abraham Deborah
Published: February 2023

A substantial body of evidence indicates that the two cerebral hemispheres differ in their contributions to emotional behavior. This research suggests that the right hemisphere plays a dominant role in the perception of affective stimuli and the production of negative mood states such as depression. Evidence also exists implicating greater left hemisphere participation in positive mood states such as euphoria. The purpose of the present study was to determine if females who engaged in self-generated emotional mentation varying in the quality of affect (positive, negative, and neutral) demonstrated asymmetries in cerebral activity. A 3 (quality of emotion) x2 (cognitive strategy) repeated measures design was used. Each of ten female subjects performed the emotional tasks using either a verbal or visual cognitive strategy. Frontal lobe EEG alpha was recorded bilaterally. The results indicated that the experience of negative emotion produced a shift towards greater right hemisphere activity that differed significantly from both the neutral and the positive emotional tasks. The positive emotional tasks produced a shift in laterality towards greater left hemisphere activity, but this shift did not differ significantly from the non-emotional condition. Heart rate served as an indicator of emotional arousal and was found to increase significantly during each of the emotional tasks, with the exception of the positive emotion induced with a visual imagery strategy. No differences in hemispheric activation during the verbal versus the visual tasks were found. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the right hemisphere serves as the mediator of emotional state, and the clinical implication of the findings are discussed.
An Interpretation of the Symbolic Significance of the Number Three in Geoffrey Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde
Authors:   , Carnaghi Raymond
Published: February 2023

The key to medieval literature was Dante’s statement, “of more senses than one”, for medieval literature must be interpreted “at one and the same time on different levels so closely interrelated that each is corrected by the other and that all are blended into an harmonious whole”. Medieval symbolism used the “symbolisms of the ages”. Furthermore, the medieval authors utilized the bestiaries, lapidaries, and other pseudo-sciences, astrology and alchemy, to symbolize natural objects. Naturally, the philosophers, the prophets, and the theologians of ancient and medieval civilizations were cognizant of number symbolism and of its significance. Aristotle noted: “three is the first number to which . . . ‘all’ has been appropriated”. St. Thomas Aquinas specified: “the Creator is threefold . . . The creature is also threefold, and its triplicity is specifically related to the Trinity”. In his Divina Commedia, Dante structurally maintained: “3 actual divisions of 34, 33, 33 cantos, . . . . Both Beatrice and the Comedy have their basis in the number 3”. Russell Peck observed: “like Dante, Chaucer uses three’s to describe both kinds of love (‘one which ennobles, and one which enthralls; one of light, one of night’).” Dante and Chaucer manipulated the number three to symbolize either the Trinity or the anti-trinity, for the three Fates were the messengers of Divine Providence, whereas the three Furies were the emissaries of Pandemonium. The Fates and Furies were antithetical agents. Russell Peck also asserted: “the three’s in the Troilus generally pertain in some way to the love theme. Their significances range from ironic indication of cupidity to affirmation of the Trinity”. Then, he presented the proper and ultimate purpose of the Chaucerian number three and the theme of love: The climax of the three symbolism occurs in the final stanza of the Troilus, in which the number is specifically associated with the Trinity, the highest expression of love against which all other forms of love should ultimately be judged. In his religious Epilogue, Chaucer concluded with an apostrophe to his readers in which he anathematized the false and pagan “corsed old rites”, as he asked: “all the ‘young fresh folks’ to look up, . . . not on Olympus but on Calvary”.
Defining the Expectations of the Roles and Functions of School Psychologists in the Implementation of the Kansas Quality Performance Accreditation Process
Authors:   , Jennings Donna
Published: February 2023

Recent concerns about the significant impact of current educational reforms in Kansas on the nature of school psychology services have surfaced. The present study is intended to provide relevant information to the profession of school psychology concerning the implementation of Kansas educational reform via the Kansas State Board of Education Quality Performance Accreditation (QPA) process. In order to obtain mutually desirable outcomes and to coordinate efforts toward achieving the outcomes, a needs assessment survey was designed to provide data that might be useful for planning and decision making. The needs assessment survey was sent to 46 pilot school districts implementing the QPA process. The survey asked a total of 131 administrators, regular educators, school psychologists, and special services personnel about the perceptions and attitudes surrounding the role of the school psychologist within the QPA process. A rank ordering of all 21 items on the survey questionnaire was examined. Factor analysis determined the presence of two factors in the questionnaire. These factors described constructs relating to a more traditional role of school psychologists and a new school psychology role of preparedness for curriculum based assessment measures. A one-way ANOVA was used to determine if differences in perceived needs existed based on educational role, educational experience, and size of school district. T-tests were used to generate additional information about differences between educational role and curriculum based assessment needs. The data examined from this study suggest that educators continue to perceive more traditional school psychological models as important. Differences existed between regular educators versus school psychologists and special services personnel on perceived curriculum based assessment need. The results of this study provide information concerning the service delivery role of the school psychologist, and the impact of this role.
An Exploration of Contrasts in Clay, Wood, Fibers, and Plexiglass
Authors:   , Peck Douglas
Published: February 2023

The recurring theme that can be seen in my work since starting my masters program is that of combining both wheel thrown and handbuilt ceramic pieces. It was decided that this theme seemed to be an excellent thesis direction. But, so as not to find myself too limited, other contrasting materials such as wood, plexiglas and others might also be incorporated. Each material was to retain its own identity, but was to be used in combination in some form or other with clay.
Hydrogeology of the Codell Sandstone Member, Carlile Shale (Upper Cretaceous), in Western Kansas
Authors:   , Weigand Russell
Published: February 2023

The Codell Sandstone Member of the Carlile Shale is located in the northwest quarter of Kansas. As a source of groundwater, it is most frequently utilized in Ellis, Trego, Rooks, Graham, Gove and Logan counties. The aquifer is characterized by two facies. Both the King Hill facies and the Antonino facies are made up of an argillaceous sandstone interbedded with siltstones and limestones. The King Hill facies averages 30 feet (9.1 meters) in thickness and the Antonino facies averages less than 5 feet (1.5 meters). The potentiometric surface of the aquifer indicates a west -to-east groundwater-flow direction. Water quality of the Codell aquifer is very similar to the Ogallala Aquifer with differences in silica and bicarbonate concentrations. The source of groundwater recharge to the Codell aquifer is from groundwater which migrates down through the joints in the overlying Fort Hays Limestone and Smoky Hill Chalk from three major sources: 1) the Ogallala Aquifer, 2) alluvium in the major drainage systems, or, 3) direct precipitation on the exposed Fort Hays Limestone and Smoky Hill Chalk. The Codell aquifer has a low range of transmissivity and specific yield due to the abundant matrix clay in the sandstone.
Russell County, Settlement and Economic Development
Authors:   , Bowman Larry
Published: February 2023

This study is a history of Russell County, Kansas. It has been limited, in the main, to the economic aspect of the county's history. However, there are three chapters concerning settlement. The first chapter deals mainly with the physiographic nature or the Great Plains; the second treats the coming of the railroad; a chapter on the actual settlement of the county follows. The remaining four chapters deal with agriculture, oil and population. Thus this thesis will relate the events leading to settlement, economic life and a brief demographic study of the county.
Prediction of Smoking Treatment Outcomes Using Vascular Response
Authors:   , Hill Walter
Published: February 2023

Vascular response to cigarette smoking was measured by blood flow change by utilizing a photoelectric plethysmograph in 43 subjects. All subjects took part in a smoking control program consisting of self-monitoring for a two-week period. It was hypothesized that there would be a non- linear relationship between blood flow change and various measures of success in treatment. It was also hypothesized that a combination of predictor variables including blood flow change, number of years the subject had smoked, change in heart rate following smoking, age of the subject, and pre-treatment smoking rate would successfully predict success in this smoking treatment. A significant non-linear relationship was found between blood flow change and change in the number of cigarettes smoked from the beginning of the two-week treatment period to the end of the treatment phase of the study. Significant multiple correlations were found for the relationships of the pre-treatment smoking rate and magnitude of the blood flow change with post-treatment smoking rate and the smoking rate at four weeks after treatment.
Design in Wood Sculpture and Ceramic Forms from the Potters Wheel
Authors:   , Castor D.
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this abstract is to relate the nature of the problems encountered in the creative process as described in the title of this thesis. This creative thesis was an outgrowth of an assumption by the writer that a satisfactory means of pursuing his search for personal expression could be found through wood and ceramic forms.
The Effects of P.L. 94-142 on Special Education Personnel and Parents of Exceptional Children
Authors:   , Von Behren Richard
Published: February 2023

Twenty-five special education personnel of a special education cooperative in rural Kansas and 14 parents who had a child in special education in that cooperative responded to a survey. The surveys were composed of items that attempted to assess the impact of P.I. 94-142 on programs and policies in the school districts and identify problem areas concerning non-compliance and strict interpretations of P.L. 94- 142. Parents appeared to believe that progress had been made in improving the number and quality of special education programs. Progress also appears to have been made by greater parental involvement in the education of exceptional children. Parents were concerned by a perceived increase in the educational control the school has over their children. They also felt they needed more information about special education from the school. Special educators indicated concern over increasing paperwork, a perceived increase in length of time required from referral to placement and the number of regulations governing their positions. The educators saw improvements in the extent of parental participation, greater cooperation among all education personnel and a more favorable attitude toward special education in general.
Small Group Skills Based Instruction and Reading Fluency: A Fourth Grade Classroom Study
Authors: Felts Stephanie , null null , null null , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Reading fluency instruction takes place in schools across the nation. Fluency assesses how many correct words a student can read per minute, while also using speed, accuracy, and expression. Many schools across the nation report low reading fluency scores. Students who struggle with reading fluency can lead to essential problems as a child grows causing behavior and social issues, along with unemployment. Students may lack confidence or improvement when they are reading stories out of their level because of poor instruction. Reading fluency issues increase from inconsistent practice, inappropriate reading passages for their levels, and lack of differentiated instruction. Educators may lack proper training in fluency causing them to teach ineffectively or neglect fluency altogether. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of small group reading instruction and reading fluency scores compared to whole group instruction. Twenty-three fourth grade students from an urban school district will be part of a research group to test whether small group instruction using learning styles benefits their fluency scores. The independent variables are small group and whole group instruction, while the dependent variable is the FAST reading fluency score. The hypothesis is that small group instruction focused on learning styles will improve fourth grade reading fluency more than whole group instruction. The results showed both whole group and small group instruction improved reading fluency scores, but small group instruction had more improvement. The hypothesis proved to be true that small group instruction using learning styles would improve reading fluency scores more than whole group instruction.
Anxiety and Cooperation in A Non-Zero-Sum Game
Authors:   , Gates Ronald
Published: February 2023

This research was designed to investigate the relationship between anxiety level as measured by the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale and the willingness of individuals to cooperate in a two-person non-zero-sum game. The subjects consisted of 32 “high anxiety” and 32 “low anxiety” General Psychology students. These 64 individuals were divided into two groups on the basis of sex, and each sex group was subdivided into four groups as follows: “high anxiety” playing against “high anxiety” (HH), “high anxiety” playing against “low anxiety” (HL), “low anxiety” playing against “high anxiety” (LH), and “low anxiety” playing against “low anxiety” (LL). All individuals were scored with respect to their demonstrated cooperativeness, and an analysis of variance was done utilizing all data. This analysis revealed no reliable between groups effects. Chi square analyses indicated that a significant predominance of competitive responses did not increase significantly from the “low anxiety” to the “high anxiety” group. It was also found that the variance for “high anxiety” subjects was not significantly greater than the variance for “low anxiety” subjects. There were, however, gross behavioral and attitudinal differences between the “high anxiety” and “low anxiety” group. These differences were observed primarily in the initial conversation between each subject and the experimenter.
The Trend of Farm Population and Land Ownership In Smith County, Kansas, From 1900 and 1940
Authors:   , Easterly Charles
Published: February 2023

All through their history the American people have lived and developed in the presence of abundant land. If a farm failed to produce profitably the occupants would merely move to the frontier and take up new land. In the few years prior to nineteen hundred the frontier, as a large determining factor in the life of our people, ceased to exist. Many farm problems arose. The spread of the machine process has raised many problems which we have to puzzle over. Power farm machinery has made it possible for one man to do the work which formerly required the services of many men. One man can farm more land than formerly. A short history has been prepared as an introduction to this study of the trend of farm population and. land ownership in Smith County.
A Study of The Structure of Hair As A Means of Mammal Identification.
Authors:   , Oyer Earl
Published: February 2023

The hair of small and medium sized mammals is often found in the stomachs, feces and pellets of predators , for example in the stomachs and feces of coyotes and in the pellets regurgitated by hawks and owls. These pellets produced by hawks and owls and the feces of mammalian predators are the undigested residue of what these animals have eaten. If the hair from these sources can be identified, then much desirable information concerning the food of predators can be obtained. The purpose of this study has been to determine whether or not such identification is possible.
A Conservation Manual for the Bats of Yucatan, Mexico
Authors:   , Castillo-Vela Guillermo
Published: February 2023

This study, written in the form of a conservation manual for the general public, summarizes what is known about the identification, distribution, natural history, and conservation status of bats in the state of Yucatan, Mexico. This manual will be useful in environmental education in Yucatan and elsewhere on the Yucatan Peninsula. Accounts of species are given for each of the 35 species of bats documented in Yucatan. Bat conservation is discussed with brief comments on their ecology, conservation of forests, and protection of caves. The abundant caves of Yucatan are important bat roosts and steps should be taken to protect them as cavernous cenotes are developed as tourist attractions. In addition, further research is needed to gather information on the biology of bats in Yucatan.
The Attitude of The American People Toward War As Expressed In \The Saturday Evening Post\ and \Atlantic Monthly\ Magazines During The Years 1938 and 1939
Authors:   , Coulson Marion
Published: February 2023

It was the purpose of this study to discover the attitude of the American people (including various classes from the common laborer to the President) toward war as expressed in a limited body of current literature. The materials concerning war published in the Saturday Evening Post and the Atlantic Monthly magazines during the years 1938 and 1939 have been chosen for this purpose.
The Effect of Flexibility Training on Flexibility Power and Agility in Female Athletes Participating in Track and Softball
Authors:   , Lauterbach Curtis
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this investigation was to reveal (1) if there was a difference in the production of flexibility, power, and agility measures between female athletes participating in track and softball at Fort Hays State University, and (2) if there was a difference concerning the production of power and agility evident between the specific flexibility training methods for the two groups. Twenty-five females (18 softball and 7 track), ages ranging from 18 to 24, participated in this investigation. All participants in the investigation were selected based upon participation in collegiate athletics (softball or track) at Fort Hays State University during the 2004-2005 school year. Participants were asked to perform their sports- specific warm-up and flexibility training regimen prior to testing. After the warm-up and flexibility regimen were completed, participants engaged in three tests. The three tests were the Sit and Reach Test for flexibility, Vertical Jump Test for power, and the Illinois Agility Run for agility. A General Linear Model Discriminant Analysis was utilized to measure significant differences between the independent variables, the two training regimens, on the dependent variables of flexibility, power, and agility. Analysis of the effects of the two different training regimens on the production of flexibility, power, and agility revealed no significant difference at the 0.05 level. The low levels of significance could be due to the participants already being engaged in training for the particular sport.
Aspects of the Functional Morphology, Phylogeny, and Paleoecology of the North American Miocene Rhinoceros, Aphelops
Authors:   , Wilcots David
Published: February 2023

Aphelops was a hornless, cursorial, browsing, rhinoceros that lived in herds and was distinct morphologically and ecologically from the other North American Miocene rhinoceroses, Teleoceras and Peraceras. Measurements of presumptive male and female jaws show that Aphelops, like the modern Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros), was sexually dimorphic in tusk and diastemal size, but not in body size. The relative shape of the occipital condyles indicates that Aphelops was more active than Teleoceras, Peraceras, any of the extant rhinoceroses, or the hippopotamus. Cranial comparisons among Aphelops and the proboscis-bearing tapir (Tapirus) indicate that the former lacked a proboscis. However, Aphelops was a prehensile-lipped browser as evidenced by size and retraction of the narial notch, size of the infraorbital foramen, and relative brachydonty. Measurements of long bones show the possibility that later Aphelops were becoming more cursorial. Restorations of the face and body of Aphelops and its contemporaries are provided to supplement the above comparisons. Aphelops is comprised of three successive species that increased in size through the Miocene. Positions of the narial notch relative to the maxillary teeth are particular to each species. Aphelops lived in small herds on the American savanna, was the most successful aceratherine, and was one of the last American rhinoceroses to become extinct. Extinction of Apllelops resulted from the inability of it and other large browsing, non- ruminating herbivores to adapt to an increasingly continental climate.
Nesting of the House Finch (Carpodacus Mexicanus) in Hays, Kansas
Authors:   , Villasenor Laura
Published: February 2023

A nesting population of House Finches in Hays, Ellis County, Kansas, was studied during the 1987 and 1988 breeding seasons. Preferred nest sites (89 nests) were determined and 62 nests were watched until nesting was completed or failed. Most nests were 1.4- 4 .4 m above the ground in ornamental ever greens (usually Colorado blue spruce and red cedar) and faced toward W to SSE directions. Egg-laying occurred from 7 April to 22 July, and the mean laying period for individual clutches was 3.5 days. Mean clutch size was 4.4. The incubation period averaged 13.8 days. Hatching success (266 eggs) was 30.1%. The nestling period averaged 13.5 days (62 nests). Fledging occurred between 4 May and 19 August. As many as three broods may have been produced. The nest survival rate was 73% in 1987 but only 46% in 1988. The survival rate by the Mayfield method, including the hatching rate, was 29% for both years. Most losses were due to predation, desertion, weather, and cowbird parasitism.
The Comparability of a Scholastic Aptitude Test and a Study Skills Test for the Prediction of Student Grade Point
Authors:   , Hibbs Dorth
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to discover the value of the School and College Ability Test and the Tyler-Kimber Study Skills Test in predicting grade point averages. In addition, it was intended to determine whether the two tests used jointly would lead to a better predictor of college success than just the scores of the SCAT alone. In order to find answers to these questions the following correlations were felt to be necessary: (1) Correlations between the SCAT and the Tyler-Kimber, (2) Correlations between the SCAT and student grade point averages, (3) Correlations between the Tyler-Kimber and student grade point averages, (4) A multiple correlation of the SCAT and Tyler-Kimber with student grade point averages, and (5) a comparison of the Fort Hays mean scores on the SCAT and the Tyler-Kimber with those of the standardization group on which the tests were standardized.
Geologic Characteristics of the Calvert Ash Bed, Ogallala Group (Miocene), Western Kansas
Authors:   , Potter Sandra
Published: February 2023

The Calvert ash bed, Ogallala Group (Miocene), was examined using three geologic subdisciplines, tephrochronology, geochemistry, and stratigraphy, to identify distinctive characteristics that would allow accurate correlation of the Calvert ash and establish the Calvert as a time-stratigraphic marker. To determine these characteristics, Calvert ash collected at its type section, the Calvert Ash Mine, was the primary focus of this report. The Calvert is a light gray (N7), coarse ash containing both pyrogenic and xenocrystic minerals. These minerals include quartz, alkali feldspar (sanidine), plagioclase feldspar (oligoclase), magnetite, biotite, hematite, hornblende, zircon, clinopyroxene, apatite, and calcite. The shards are predominantly thin, iridescent, and platy, range in size from 1.41 to 0.09 mm, have an average refractive index of 1.502, and lack vesicles and inclusions. The Calvert ash was fission-track dated at 11.5 ± 0.48 Ma. Three bulk samples from the Calvert Ash Mine were analyzed by atomic absorption for major oxides and trace elements. Based upon the chemical concentrations of SiO2, Na2O, and K2O in these samples, and the IUGS classification of volcanic rocks lacking modal analysis, the Calvert is classified as a rhyolite. Optical characteristics determined by this study that are useful in distinguishing the Calvert from other Ogallala ashes found in Kansas are shard habit, shard size, and rare occurrence of vesicles. The chemical data (major oxides and trace elements) determined for the Calvert in this study cannot be considered distinctive due to alteration by hydration and groundwater leaching. Any correlations between the Calvert and other ashes based solely upon optical properties or chemical concentrations determined by this study are not reliable. Further study on the chemical composition of the Calvert is needed for accurate correlation. This study has not established the Calvert as a time-stratigraphic marker.
A Study of Independent Study
Authors:   , Utterback Herman
Published: February 2023

This study will be limited to a general survey of independent study on a national level, but study should be done on the state level relative to this very important facet of individualized instruction as far as personal educative precepts prevail, and as far as the desires of the individual is concerned. Very little, if any research has been made in the state of Kansas. The problem Independent Study will be studied as to the need for independent study, organized efforts being made to meet the need, and individual attempts being made to meet the need. Investigations have been made to find general information on the subject from the following sources: (1) Independent study, and its relative merits from a national viewpoint, College of Wooster, Ohio, and research done by the faculty in that college. (2) To ascertain the general value of independent study. (3) College and high- school drop- outs, and what they do later in independent study to further their education. (4) National Home Study Council \Blue Book,\ giving list of ac credited correspondence schools. (5) Extension divisions in charge of college correspondence in various colleges. (6) National education association. (7) Adult education council of Greater St. Louis, Missouri. (8) Pennsylvania University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Age and Growth of White Bass Morone Chrysops (Rafinesque) in Cedar Bluff Reservoir, Kansas / by George L. Capp
Authors:   , Capp George
Published: February 2023

An age and growth study was made of 685 white bass, Morone chrysops (Rafinesque), collected from Cedar Bluff Reservoir during 1968 through 1970. The body scale relationship was linear with an intercept of 45.8753 in total length. The length-weight relationship was described as, W = 1.0849 x 10-5 L3.0284 There was no significant difference in length between the sexes after the first year of growth, but females were larger during the first year. The 1968 year class was poorly represented in the sample; this probably resulted from poor spawning or hatching success. Growth compensation occurred with most growth equalized by the third year. Approximately 10% of the total sample was over 3 years old. Coefficients of condition were higher in July than in May or June. The July condition was attributed to increased feeding. Spawning began in mid-June and terminated in early July. The sex ratio was equal but females appeared longer lived.
Current Trends In Basketball Coaching
Authors:   , Suran Cade
Published: February 2023

The problem of the thesis, Current Trends~ Basketball Coaching, is a study based upon the systems of various college basketball coaches selected from representative sections of the United States. This study includes information in regard to various phases of the game of basketball as well as the ideas and philosophy of certain coaches. The Purpose of the Study The purpose of this thesis is to portray the following trends in basketball coaching, past and present, as found in certain schools of thought concerning the game: 2 (a) to show the early development of the game of basketball; (b) to present the systems of a number of contemporary college basketball coaches; (c) to determine and show trends in the offensive and defensive tactics over a period of years (d) to set up a basis f or the application of the present systems of coaching basketball; (e) to review the system of basketball coaching used currently at Fort Hays Kansas State College; (f) to show the proper relationship among players, coaches, and spectators.
The Role of Partial Reinforcement, Explicit Instructions, and Hypothesis Testing in Concept-Shift Performance
Authors:   , Kerr Robert
Published: February 2023

The present study assessed the performance of kindergarten subjects on a two dimensional concept-shift task. Subjects were 32 children (16 males and 16 females) ages 63 months to 75 months. The task required the subject to choose one stimulus (large or small, black or white circle) from a pair of stimuli which differed in both size and brightness. Two main questions were investigated: (1) Are kindergarten subjects capable of using hypotheses when the stimulus complexity of the shift is reduced, and (2) under such conditions of reduced stimulus complexity, what effect if any, does partial reinforcement have on ease of shift when instructions are specific to the solution? Subjects were randomly assigned to four equal groups of eight subjects per group. All subjects received errorless pre-training for 20 trials and then were shifted to their respective conditions. Three non-reversal groups were given one of three partial reinforcement conditions during pre-training (20%, 50%, or 80%); the reversal group received no partial reinforcement during pre-training. Nineteen of the 32 subjects were found to have tested hypotheses. Hypothesis-testing appeared to be independent of age and sex but was found to be related to efficient shift solution performance. Reversal shift subjects net the criterion of ten consecutive correct responses in significantly fewer errors than any of the non-reversal groups. No specific effect of amount of partial reinforcement was found. It was concluded that: (1) kindergarten children are indeed capable of testing hypotheses when the stimulus dimensions are reduced, and that (2) under conditions of reduced stimulus complexity partial reinforcement in any of the three experimental amounts impedes non-reversal shift performance. These outcomes were thought to be related to specificity of instructions. Since it was shown that such changes as stimulus simplification and explicit instructions can enable a kindergarten child to demonstrate concept-shift learning at a level of proficiency formerly attainable only by older children, it may be that kindergarten children are capable of learning at a more advanced level than presently thought possible. Such a demonstration might indicate that educators need to critically evaluate current kindergarten curriculum and teaching goals.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization and Irrigation on Yields of Shortgrass Rangeland on the Central Great Plains
Authors:   , Blocksome Carolyn
Published: February 2023

A 4-year experiment was conducted to assess the effect of added water and nitrogen on biomass yields of mixed shortgrass prairie in western Kansas. Treatments consisted of water, nitrogen, water + nitrogen, and control. Irrigated plots were sprinkled with 2.54 cm of water weekly during the growing season. Fertilized plots had 56 kg/ha nitrogen applied each spring. Fertilized plots had 56 kg/ha nitrogen applied each spring. Subplots were clipped with hand clippers in July and October, sorted, dried, and weighed. Species involved were buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.), blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud.), western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Love), Japanese brome (Bromus japonicas Thunb. ex Murr.), and western ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya D.C.). Added water and nitrogen, singly or in combination, increased forage yields of buffalograss or blue grama in some years (P<0.05). Nitrogen additions increased yields of Japanese brome (P<0.05). Added water increased yields of ragweed (P<0.05). Total forage was increased by water plus fertilizer (P<0.05). Warm-season native grasses (buffalograss and blue grama) produced a smaller percentage of the total forage when water, nitrogen, or water + nitrogen were added. Although biomass was increased with irrigation and fertilization, it may contain larger amounts of less-desirable species.
Pensamiento Poetico Espanol Contemporaneo
Authors:   , Choung Won
Published: February 2023

La literatura contemporanea espanola empieza con la llamada \Generacion del 1898\. Este nombre se aplica colectivamente al grupo de autores mas directamente afectados por la decadencia de Espafia desde un punto de vista espiritual, cuyo punto esta representado por la catastrofe producida en la guerra con los Estados Unidos.
A Karst Feature Predictability Model within Barber County, Kansas
Authors:   , Kelner Gary
Published: February 2023

This research consisted of two topics: 1) geographic predictive models of karst features and 2), a petrographic study examining the lithology of the study area. The study area is a privately owned ranch in the Gypsum Hills of Barber County, Kansas and is known to have karst features. Two predictive models for karst features were utilized. Previously identified features, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) imagery aided in the creation of these predictive models. These predictability models also used the ESRI ArcMap software platform. The data for these models consists of slope, aspect, nearest neighbor elevation, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), land cover/land use, distance to geomorphic features, surface geology, and other attributes calculated in ArcMap. Other software platforms were also used in the creation of these models (Microcomputer Digital Elevation Models (MicroDEM), System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA) GIS and Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) for imagery analysis). To test these models, features were identified using the sink-fill function in ArcMap on hillshade layers generated from LiDAR data. Field validation of these models successfully identified 52% of the validation points as having karst features, as well as 12 additional points in high probability areas that were visited. A total of 38 additional points (a 51% increase in the karst database) were added to the karst inventory for the property. Understanding the distribution and occurrence of karst features will help landowners mitigate risk such as collapse leading to structural damage and aquifer contamination. Although this model focused on Barber County, Kansas, the techniques and approaches used by these two models may be useful in creating future predictive models in other karst areas. The petrographic portion of this research identified two geologic sedimentary facies using petrographic thin sections from various karst features. The two facies were: 1) Algal Mat and 2) Peloidal. These facies are very close to one another spatially when plotted by sample location within the property. The relative elevation of these facies places the Algal Mat facies below the Peloidal facies. This suggests that there are multiple facies that control karst feature formation as opposed to only the basal carbonates suggested by previous studies.
Study Skills in High School
Authors:   , Zachman David
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the impact of a study skills class on student's achievement test scores. The independent variables were participation in the study skills class, gender and socioeconomic status. The dependent variables were California Test of Basic Skills scores (Reading, Language, Mathematics, Study Skills, Social Studies and Total Battery). The students in the present study were freshmen. The experimental group was made up of 17 students enrolled in the study skills class. The control group consisted of 19 freshmen who had not enrolled in the study skills class. Three composite null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level. A pretest/posttest single-factor analysis of covariance was employed. A total of 18 comparisons were made. Two of the 18 comparisons were statistically significant at the .05 level. The statistically significant comparisons were for the following: 1. the independent variable participation type and the dependent variable Reading, and 2. the independent variable participation type and the dependent variable composite score. The results of the present study indicated the following: 1. the control group had a statistically larger adjusted posttest mean Reading score that the participating group, and 2. the control group had a statistically larger adjusted posttest mean composite score than the participating group. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations; 1. a study skills class of the type examined in this study is not effective in improving standardized achievement test results, 2. the gender of students participating in the Study Skills class is not associated with content achievement, and 3. the socioeconomic status of students participating in the Study Skills class is not associated with content achievement.
A Study of Desirable Procedures For Administering The Work Experience Phase of The Practical Arts Program In Selected Kansas High Schools
Authors:   , Hawks Lowell
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is three-fold. First, to prepare a background for research in the field. Second, to provide a review of some of the available literature for others interested in the field, particularly in this institution. Third, to discover what some of the present problems are in regard to schizophrenia and the extent to which solutions have been found. There have been no previous investigations similar to this at Fort Hays Kansas State College. The sources of mf data are listed in the bibliography. This material was made available to me by the Fort Hays Kansas State College Library and the Fort Hays Kansas State College Psychological clinic, with the exception of case studies which were obtained at the Kansas State Hospital at Larned, Kansas. The method of procedure was essentially to review the disease from the available literature. I consider the data significant to the extent that it fulfills the three purposes given above. The limitations of the report arise out of the nature of the study. Certain aspects of schizophrenia are unknown to us at the present time. Also in reviewing the literature, data were selected by the author and some had to be omitted. However, in this study, the advantages outweigh the limitations. It is my hope that this report may help others as it has helped me in understanding schizophrenia.
Facial Recognition Accuracy as a Function of Depth of Processing and Age in Children
Authors:   , Taylor Lynda
Published: February 2023

Subjects studied pictures of faces while making judgments of likeableness (semantic processing) or gender identification (sensory processing). In Experiment I, 6-year old boys and girls made one of the two required judgments and were subsequently tested on recognition accuracy. Eleven-year old boys and girls also made one of the two required judgments and were subsequently tested on recognition accuracy. Subject performance was compared for age, processing level, and sex. In Experiment II, additional groups of 11 year old boys and girls were given the same task of making one of the two required judgments, but exposure of the target faces was restricted in time. Performance was compared for exposure time, processing level, and sex. It was found that processing level instructions produced no overall effects; older children demonstrated superior facial recognition accuracy; longer exposure time increased facial recognition accuracy; and girls tended to demonstrate superior facial recognition accuracy. Possible explanations for these findings were offered and suggestions for future research were made.
An Investigation For Viable Seeds In The Surface Soils of Various Sites In A Mixed Prairie Near The Cedar Bluff Reservoir
Authors:   , Schwartzkopf Everett
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine what species of plants emerge from samples of surface soils taken from various sites in a mixed prairie at the Cedar Bluff Reservoir.
Fishes in Depositional and Erosional Habitats of the Missouri River near Atchison, Kansas
Authors:   , Blodig Jeffery
Published: February 2023

A total of 4,297 fishes were collected in three depositional and two erosional habitats of the Missouri River near Atchison, Kansas, from May of 1993 through March of 1994. Relative abundance, spatial and temporal distribution, species diversity, and catch-per-unit-of-effort of fishes were assessed. Sixty-four bighead carp were collected. There are no published reports of this exotic species from the Missouri River. Also, three blue suckers, uncommon in Kansas, were collected. The most abundant species collected were gizzard shad, goldeye, common carp, channel catfish, and freshwater drum. / Some species were abundant in both depositional and erosional habitats, but others preferred one or the other. At all sites, fish communities were similar within each season, but changed between seasons. Diversity generally was greater at depositional sites, presumably because variations in depth current velocity, substrate, and shoreline structure provided more habitat types. Hoop-netting and electrofishing was most effective at high river stages.