bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIW-8962, an Anti GM2 Ganglioside Monoclonal Antibody, in Previously Treated Advanced/Recurrent Lung Cancer: a Phase I/II Study
Authors: Strout Vincent , Park Keunchil , Lee Jong-Seok , Kim Sang-We , Kang Jin-Hyoung , Lee Dae Ho , Cho Byoung Chul , Shiraishi Norihiko , Kim Joo-Hang
Published: January 2019

BIW-8962 is a monoclonal antibody to GM2 ganglioside that shows pre-clinical activity towards lung cancer cell lines and in an animal model bearing small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) xenografts. In phase I, patients (N=16) with advanced, recurrent lung cancer received BIW-8962 (1-10 mg/kg) intravenously every 3 weeks. There were no dose-limiting toxicities and the maximum tolerated dose was not established. The highest dose (10 mg/kg) was administered to patients with advanced, recurrent SCLC (N=21) in phase II. The phase II study was prematurely terminated due to lack of efficacy. Objective response rate was 5% (95% CI: 0.1-24.9%) in the efficacy evaluable population (N=20). One patient showed a durable partial response and there were a few with stable disease, which was generally not durable. No pattern of consistent toxicity was observed across the phases: there were no treatment-related adverse events (AEs) grade ? 3, serious AEs, AEs leading to discontinuation of BIW-8962, or deaths. Exploratory analysis of circulating tumor cells and other potentially predictive orpharmacodynamic markers did not reveal any results consistent with an effect from BIW-8962. Given the complete lack of response in the study population, further development of BIW- 8962 has been discontinued. The reason for the lack of clinical activity with BIW-8962 is unknown. It is hoped that the negative findings of this study will contribute to other investigations of GM2 as a therapeutic target, possibly by combination therapy, and of alternative tumor markers in patients with SCLC.
Gemigliptin in Diabetic Kidney Disease in Asian Indians with Type 2 Diabetes in Real-Life Scenarios- Insights from Gem Study
Authors: Shah Kiran , Patange Sonali A , Gandhi Alka P
Published: January 2019

Diabetic Kidney disease is strongly associated with cardiovascular events, premature mortality and ESRD. Gemigliptin can be used without dose adjustment in patients with renal failure. The current study aimed to assess the possible renoprotective effects of gemigliptin, using albuminuria and eGFR as indicators. This was a multi-center real-world retrospective analysis of 146 DPP-4 inhibitor naïve type 2 diabetic patients with established moderate DKD (eGFR between 30 to 45 ml/min/1.73 m2 over last 3 months) with diabetic retinopathy who received gemigliptin 50 mg once daily for 24 weeks in addition to anti-hyperglycemic, anti hypertensive’s and statins. Goodness of fit was examined using SPSS statistics 20 and ANOVA was conducted to interpret the results. Baseline characteristics were: 71 (48.6%) males and 75 (51.4%) females, the mean age was 60.81 ± 7.42 years, mean duration was 11.92 ± 3.3 years, mean BMI was 26.54 ± 2.59 kg/m2. Gemigliptin showed significant improvements in glycaemia, renal and lipid parameters with no deterioration in retinopathy, liver enzymes and with no hypoglycemic episodes and was weight neutral. In the present study, gemigliptin reduced albuminuria independent of age, gender, duration of diabetes, Hba1c, eGFR and SBP. It could ameliorate diabetic nephropathy by reducing urine albumin excretion and mitigating the reduction of eGFR in diabetic patients.
Iguratimod, A Synthetic Disease Modifying Anti- Rheumatic Drug (Sdmard), and Various Dmards Suppress Joint Destruction. The Pathophysiological Mechanisms of the Inhibition of Bone/Cartilage Destruction
Authors: Ishikawa Koichiro , Ishikawa Junichiro
Published: January 2019

Objective: To elucidate the radiographic outcomes for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients using the synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (sDMARD) Iguratimod (IGU) and other DMARDs including injectable sodium aurothiomalate, bucillamine, salazosulphapyridine, infliximab, etanercept, tocilizumab and/or abatacept.Patients and Methods: 213 patients were enrolled in this study. Total Genant-modified Sharp scores (GSS) of hands/wrists and feet at baseline and at week 104 were calculated in 31 RA patients treated with a daily dose of 25 mg or 50 mg for 104 weeks.Results: Total GSS of 31 patients at week 104 showed no progression (total GSS  <= 0.84: the smallest detectable change) in 16 (52%) patients with a mean score reduction (95% CI) of-4.3 (-8.1 ~ -0.5) (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Treatment with the sDMARD, IGU showed no radiographic progression in 16 (52%) RA patients at week 104. Concerning the suppression mechanism of joint destruction by IGU and other DMARDs, we speculate that DMARDs prevent bone/cartilage destruction by inhibiting the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- kB) lig and (RANKL) and through other antirheumatic actions.
Bone Histomorphometric Findings in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Case Report
Authors: Kondo Naoki , Yamamoto Noriaki , Watanabe Kei , Endo Naoto
Published: January 2019

There is minimal information on bone Histomorphometric characteristics in ankylosing spondylitis. We here report a case of a 36-year-old Japanese male that suffered from lumbago and could not gaze in the forward direction. Ultimately, a diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis was made, and vertebroplasty was performed to correct the third lumbar spine. Histomorphometry of the iliac bone showed reduced bone volume parameters (bone volume, and trabecular thickness and width) than reference values. In addition, bone formation parameters (osteoid thickness and osteoblast surface per bone surface) and bone resorption parameters (eroded surface per bone surface and osteoclast number per bone surface) were also lower than reference values, indicating low bone turnover. By contrast, there was not a clear trend in bone resorption markers: bone- pecific alkaline phosphatase (17 U/l) was normal, TRACP-5b (136 mU/dl) was slightly lower, urinary N-terminal telopeptide (45.3 nmol BCE/mmol Cr) was normal, and deoxypyridinoline (9.1 nM/mM Cre) was higher than reference values. However, there was deficiency in 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D; 14.4 ng/ml). This case highlights the rare possibility of performing bone histomorphometry, and indicates that a low bone volume and low bone turnover (in both bone formation and resorption) are characteristics of ankylosing spondylitis, although bone formation markers (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase) and bone mineral density are within the normal range. The possibility of a serum 25-OH-D deficient status in ankylosing spondylitis should be further considered.
Homogeneous Catalysts Based on Heteropoly Acid Solutions for Redox Processes. III. Development of an Effective Method for Synthesis of 2,3,5-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone
Authors: Rodikova Yu. A. , Zhizhina E. G.
Published: January 2019

Various methods for preparation of 2,3,5-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (TMQ) – the key semiproduct for synthesis of vitamin E – through catalytic oxidation of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol (TMP) are considered. Potentials of aqueous solutions of Mo-V-P heteropoly acids (HPA) as catalysts for oxidation of TMP with oxygen are shown. Various technological modes of application of HPA for the said reaction are analyzed, among which are a one-stage homogeneous acetic acid oxidation of TMP and a two-phase two-stage method. The efficiency of the two-stage method is demonstrated; it provides a high (up to 99.5 %) selectivity to TMQ and a high productivity of the catalyst for the target reaction (ca 600–800 g TMQ·Lcat–1·h–1).
The Challenges of History Education in Iceland
Authors: Margrét Gestsdóttir Súsanna
Published: January 2019

In this article the author discusses the teaching of history in Iceland, first and foremost in relation to the environment in which the subject finds itself, the legislation relating to it and the curriculum. Curriculum development over the past decades is examined, in addition to changes
in teaching material and the general attitudes that have influenced both of these from the time of the struggle for national independence in the former half of the twentieth century. There is a discussion of the disputes that have arisen as a result of tampering with the curriculum and teaching
material in history in recent years, both when new emphases were introduced in the eighties and when history teaching in upper secondary schools was substantially reduced with the new curriculum in 1999. Considerable attention is given to history teaching in upper secondary schools, despite
there being a dearth of research at this level. There is quite a degree of evidence that history is popular amongst Icelandic students and the public at large. In this article, an attempt is made to analyse the state of history as a school subject in Iceland, not least in the light of the
extensive freedom enjoyed by teachers in their jobs, bearing in mind that there are no standardized exams in the subject and no supervision of teaching methods. At present there is a review of the curricula at all school levels in Iceland and the future of history as a subject is therefore
rather uncertain.
Israeli history curriculum and the conservative - liberal pendulum
Authors: Goldberg Tsafrir , Gerwin David
Published: January 2019

At sixty-four Israel is still a comparatively young nation state, just passing from the 'developing' to the 'developed' phase. It has had five different history curricula for the Jewish 'Mamlakhti' (public non-religious) and the Arab sectors, which account for the majority of the students.
For the first five decades the history curriculum did not ignite much controversy. The first curriculum was a rallying curriculum centered on the Jewish national movement and the establishment of Israel. In 1975 an 'academized' curriculum incorporated historical thinking goals – a move
away from just an identification stance and towards an analytic stance. The mandatory baccalaureate examination, however, pushed for memorization and coverage. The fourth curriculum in 1993 integrated Jewish and world history with a slightly greater emphasis on world history, covered Israel's
first three wars, and historical Jewish Diasporas and ethnicities. One textbook in the late nineties included cases of the deportation of Palestinian civilians during Israel's independence war. The decade since the turn of the millennia has been turbulent and inconsistent. New 'heritage' projects
sponsored by right-wing Ministers of Education have alternated with curriculum emphasizing critical thinking, interpretation and multiple sources. The pendulum swung from expressive populist ethnocentricity to critical inquiry and diversity and back. New policies are haphazardly and partially
enforced until a rival coalition reaches power and 'debates' curricula by publicizing the attempts to undo or alter them. Little attention was given to the ways teachers or students actually enacted and perceived the curriculum.
The Influence of the Disintegration of Yugoslavia on Slovene Curricula for History
Authors: Trškan Danijela
Published: January 2019

In this paper the author tries to determine the influence of the disintegration of Yugoslavia of 1991 on the implementation of the subject of history in elementary and secondary schools in Slovenia. By analysing the curricula for elementary and secondary schools that were in force until
1990 and those that were issued immediately after Slovenia attained independence, the author has determined that significant changes occurred in these history curricula. Prior to the disintegration of Yugoslavia, the curricula above all emphasised familiarisation with and understanding of
the development of human society and the labour movement, as well as the history of the Yugoslav nations. They stressed the importance of the liberation struggle of the Yugoslav nations during World War II and the post-war socialist development of Yugoslavia. After the disintegration of Yugoslavia
the Slovene curricula for elementary school no longer included the history of Yugoslav nations, while the secondary school curricula preserved the history of other Yugoslav nations for a few more years. The novelty in all history curricula after 1991 was the fact that Slovene history was included
in special units or separated from European or world history and in later years gained an even greater role and scope in the Slovene curricula. The subject of history in elementary and secondary schools in Slovenia belonged to those sociological subjects that had undergone greater changes
in content precisely due to the disintegration of Yugoslavia in the beginning of the 1990s.
Current History Teaching in Turkey: Curricula, Debates and Issues
Authors: Dilek Gülçin , Dilek Dursun
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study is to review the current situation with history teaching in Turkey after the education reform introduced in 2004. Accordingly, this study mainly focuses on the structure and problems of history teaching in Turkey bothat primary and secondary levels after the education
reform, following confrontational debates about the role of history teaching in the construction of citizenship, and in the context of international relations, which is related to collaborative projects undertaken with a number of countries to rewrite history textbooks in a peaceful way. Current
research trends in this field are also mentioned briefly. Some researches show that in history teaching in Turkey the common issues that occur are related to text books, the intensity of knowledge/objectives relationships, insufficient weekly course hours and the unfamiliarity of teachers
with both new history and constructivist approaches. New history textbooks and curricula continue to be a conflict area between their respective defenders who claim in turn that history teaching should either be a vehicle for constructing national identitity or that it should be a vehicle
for constructing global, pluralist and democratic citizenship. On the other hand, mutual work with some Arabian countries to rewrite the common past in textbooks,is on Turkey's current agenda to enhance the international context of this perspective. Some researches also show that apart
from debates about the nature of history's social aims and the problems of history teaching as already indicated, teachers seem ready to adopt the new history approach. In addition to this, every passing day there is a marked and rapid increase in research into history teaching and the variety
of related research subjects are hopeful improvements.
Sanciones proporcionales, eficaces y disuasorias ante el incumplimiento del principio del préstamo responsable
Authors: Jaramillo Sierra Camila
Published: January 2019

En el presente trabajo, tras presentar las Directivas 2008/48/ce y 2014/17/ue sobre contratos de crédito al consumo, en las que se recomienda a los Estados miembro la inclusión de sanciones: proporcionales, eficientes y disuasorias, ante el incumplimiento del principio de préstamo responsable, se estudia la transposición de las mismas en Bélgica, Francia, Suiza y España con el fin de observar la diversidad de regímenes sancionatorios debido a su naturaleza soft law.
A Comparison of Physicians' and Nurse Practitioners' Use of Race in Clinical Decision-Making
Authors: Abdallah Khadijah E. , Calzone Kathleen A. , Jenkins Jean F. , Moss Melissa E. , Sellers Sherrill L. , Bonham Vence L.
Published: January 2019

Objective: The debate over use of race as a proxy for genetic risk of disease continues, but little is known about how primary care providers (nurse practitioners and general internal medicine physicians) currently use race in their clinical practice. Our study in­vestigates primary care providers’ use of race in clinical practice.Methods: Survey data from three cross-sectional parent studies were used. A total of 178 nurse practitioners (NPs) and 759 general internal medicine physicians were included. The outcome of interest was the Racial At­tributes in Clinical Evaluation (RACE) scale, which measures explicit use of race in clinical decision-making. Predictor variables included the Genetic Variation Knowledge Assessment Index (GKAI), which measures the providers’ knowledge of human genetic variation.Results: In the final multivariable model, NPs had an average RACE score that was 1.60 points higher than the physicians’ score (P=.03). The GKAI score was not significantly associated with the RACE outcome in the final model (P=.67).Conclusions: Physicians had more knowl­edge of genetic variation and used patients’ race less in the clinical decision-making process than NPs. We speculate that these differences may be related to differences in discipline-specific clinical training and approaches to clinical care. Further explora­tion of these differences is needed, including examination of physicians’ and NPs’ beliefs about race, how they use race in disease screening and treatment, and if the use of race is contributing to health care dispari­ties.Ethn Dis.2019;29(1):1-8; doi:10.18865/ ed.29.1.1.
Perspective: A Call for Precision in Faith-based Initiatives Promoting Health among African Americans
Authors: Bruce Marino A. , Norris Keith C. , Beech Bettina M. , Bowie Janice V. , Thorpe, Jr. Roland J.
Published: January 2019

Ethn Dis. 2019;29(1):17-20; doi:10.18865/ed.29.1.17
Differences in Cardiovascular Mortality Risk among African Americans in the Minnesota Heart Survey: 1985-2015 vs The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Cohort: 1987-2015
Authors: George Kristen M. , Folsom Aaron R. , Steffen Lyn M. , Wagenknecht Lynne E. , Mosley Thomas H.
Published: January 2019

Geographic differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among African Americans (AAs) are well-established, but not well-characterized. Using the Minnesota Heart Survey (MHS) and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, we aimed to assess whether CVD risk factors drive geographic disparities in CVD mortal­ity among AAs.ARIC risk factors were measured be­tween1987-1989 from a population-based sample of AAs, aged 45 to 64 years, living in Jackson, MS and Forsyth County, NC. Simi­lar measures were made at MHS baseline, 1985, in AAs from Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN. CVD mortality was identified using ICD codes for underlying cause of death. We compared MHS and ARIC on CVD death rates using Poisson regression, risk factor prevalences, and hazard ratios using Cox regression.After CVD risk factor adjustment, AA men in MHS had 3.4 (95% CI: 2.1, 4.7) CVD deaths per 1000 person-years vs 9.9 (95% CI: 8.7, 11.1) in ARIC. AA women in MHS had 2.7 (95% CI: 1.8, 3.6) CVD deaths per 1000 person-years vs 6.7 (95% CI: 6.0, 7.4) in ARIC. A 2-fold higher CVD mortality rate remained in ARIC vs MHS after additional adjustment for education and income. ARIC had higher total cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, and BMI, as well as less education and income than MHS. Risk factor hazard ratios of CVD death did not differ.The CVD death rate was lower in AAs in Minnesota (MHS) than AAs in the South­east (ARIC). While our findings support maintaining low risk for CVD preven­tion, differences in CVD mortality reflect unidentified geographic variation.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(1):47-52; doi:10.18865/ ed.29.1.47
Analisis Sistem Alir Menggunakan Dua Detektor untuk Mendeteksi Besi(II) (Fe2+) dan Nitrat (NO3-) Secara Simultan
Authors: Nurjanah Lusi Ike , Mulyono Tri , Asnawati A.
Published: January 2019

Artikel ini melaporkan tentang analisis besi(II) dan nitrat secara simultan dengan Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). Metode ini menggunakan dua detektor yang dihubungkan dengan satu komputer. Flow Injection Analysis dirangkai dengan menghubungkan Three-Way Solenoid Valve, pompa peristaltik, detektor spektrofotometri dan potensiometri serta komputer. Sinyal FIA spektrofotometri didasarkan pada reaksi pembentukan senyawa komplek antara besi(II) dengan reagen 1.10-fenantrolin. Sinyal FIA potensiometri didasarkan pada keberadaan nitrat yang diperkuat dengan larutan ISA 2M ((NH4)2SO4). Salah satu parameter yang mempengaruhi metode ini yaitu volume reagen. Kinerja sistem injeksi alir didasarkan pada linieritas, limit deteksi, sensitivitas, keterulangan dan uji recovery. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa volume reagen yang optimum pada penentuan besi(II) dan nitrat yaitu 0,20 mL. Persamaan kurva kalibrasi yang diperoleh dari analisis besi(II) yaitu menunjukkan nilai linieritas sebesar 0.997, sensitivitas sebesar 0.123, limit deteksi sebesar 0.016 ppm dan nilai ketelitian terendah 99.20% serta uji recovery sebesar 98.00%. Persamaan kurva kalibrasi yang diperoleh dari analisis nitrat yaitu menunjukkan nilai linieritas sebesar 0.999, sensitivitas sebesar -96.77 mV per dekade, limit deteksi sebesar 0.36 ppm dan nilai ketelitian terendah sebesar 98.22% serta uji recovery sebesar 96.00%. Kata Kunci: Besi(II), nitrat, penentuan simultan, FIA, spektrofotometri, potentsiometri.
Kajian Fraktal k-Fibonacci Word Menggunakan Natural Drawing Rule
Authors: Prastiwi Ulfi Mega , Purnomo Kosala Dwidja , Ubaidillah Firdaus
Published: January 2019

Fraktal k-Fibonacci Word dapat dibentuk dari suatu barisan khusus dari bilangan biner {0,1}. Barisan ini didefinisikan k secara rekursif sebagai, f =0 , f =0k−1 1 , f untuk n≥2 d a n k≥1 . Pembangkitan k ,0 k ,1 k ,n = f k ,n−1 f k , n−2 fraktal k-Fibonacci word dapat dilakukan dengan cara memodifikasi barisan baru yaitu menggunakan barisan Dense Fibonacci Word untuk menghasilkan kurva fraktal dengan menggunakan tiga digit {0,1,2}, kemudian untuk membangkitkan kurva fraktalnya menggunakan aturan garis sederhana yang disebut natural drawing rule. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah bagaimana cara menerapkan natural drawing rule untuk membangkitkan kurva fraktal k-Fibonacci Word dan mengetahui perubahan bentuk kurva generalisasi k genap dan k ganjil. Karakteristik yang diperoleh untuk barisan Dense Fibonacci word generalisasi k ganjil dan k genap berbeda untuk generalisasi k ganjil mempunyai kesamaan kurva F sedangkan untuk k−2 , n generalisasi k genap mempunyai kesamaan kurva yaitu F . k−4 , n Kata Kunci: fraktal k-Fibonacci Word, barisan Dense Fibonacci Word, natural drawing rule
Sintesis Lapis Tipis Zn1-XNiXO sebagai Material Fotokatalis Pendegradasi Pewarna Tekstil
Authors: Roziqin Achmad Zainur , Haryati Tanti , Andarini Novita
Published: January 2019

Limbah cair zat warna dapat didegradasi dengan menggunakan teknik fotodegradasi katalitik menggunakan material semikonduktor dengan bantuan paparan sinar ultraviolet (UV). Salah satu material semikonduktor yang digunakan untuk proses pendegradasian adalah zink oksida (ZnO). Metode sintesis lapis tipis Zn1-xNixO adalah sistem deposisi larutan. Pengaruh dari variasi jumlah penambahan ion dopan Ni 2+ pada sintesis lapis tipis Zn1-xNixO terhadap struktur dan komposisi dikarakterisasi menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan X-Ray Fluoresence (XRF). Kinerja dari lapis tipis Zn1-xNixO sebagai fotokatalitik dipelajari melalui % degradasi limbah zat cair dalam hal ini menggunakan Procion Red MX8-B. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi diperoleh hasil semakin tinggi persentase ion dopan Ni2+ maka semakin tinggi kristanilitas dan semakin kecil ukuran kristal dari lapis tipis Zn1-xNixO. Begitu pula pada aktivitas fotokatalisnya semakin tinggi persentase ion dopan Ni2+ maka semakin tinggi pula persen degradasinya. Aktivitas fotokatalis optimum didapatkan pada lapis tipis dengan komposisi 5% Ni yaitu sebesar 34.5%. Kata Kunci: Lapis tipis Zn1-xNixO, fotodegradasi katalitik, limbah cair zat warna.
Klasifikasi Berita Politik Menggunakan Algoritma K-nearst Neighbor
Authors: Fauziah Difari Afreyna , Maududie Achmad , Nuritha Ifrina
Published: January 2019

Klasifikasi konten berita politik menggunakan algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor merupakan suatu proses untuk mengklasifikasikan berita politik ke dalam tiga subkategori yang lebih spesifik yaitu pilkada, UU ORMAS dan reshuffle kabinet. Algoritma yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor. Algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor merupakan suatu pendekatan klasifikasi yang mencari semua data training yang paling relatif mirip atau memiliki jarak yang paling dekat dengan data testing. Algoritma ini dipilih karena K-Nearest Neighbor merupakan algoritma yang sederhana dengan mencari kategori mayoritas sebanyak nilai K yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. nilai K yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah K=3, K=5, K=7 dan K=9. Mekanisme dari sistem klasifikasi konten berita ini dimulai dengan tahap preprocessing. Berita politik yang dimasukkan kedalam sistem akan melewati empat tahap preprocessing yaitu case folding, tokenizing, stopword dan stemming. Tahap selanjutnya yaitu tahap pembobotan term. Pembobotan atau term weighting merupakan proses mendapatkan nilai term yang berhasil diekstrak dari proses sebelumnya yaitu proses preprocessing. Algoritma yang digunakan untuk tahap pembobotan pada penelitian ini adalah algoritma TFIDF. Setelah didapatkan nilai dari bobot term, kemudian dicari nilai jarak antar dokumen menggunakan algoritma cosine similarity. Langkah berikutnya adalah melakukan pengurutan data dalam data training berdasarkan hasil perhitungan nilai jarak. Selanjutnya, dari hasil pengurutan tersebut diambil sejumlah K data yang memiliki nilai kedekatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah sistem mampu mengimplementasikan algoritma KNN pada dokumen yang memiliki similarity yang tinggi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan 3 pengujian dengan tiga variasi dataset yang berbeda dengan empat nilai K. Hasil akurasi yang terbaik didapatkan ketika sistem menggunakan nilai K=9 yang menunjukkan nilai precision sebesar 100%, recall sebesar 100% dan nilai f-measure sebesar 100%. Kata Kunci: klasifikasi, algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor, TFIDF, cosine similarity, confusion matrix.
HEALTH FACILITIES LOCATIONAL ANALYSIS IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE-NIGERIA USING GIS APPLICATION
Authors: Okosun Oboh Satur
Published: January 2019

The most important indices of defining general welfare and quality of life of people in the world are the physical and mental health of individuals. This study attempts to examine GIS solution in the spatial analysis of health facilities in Makurdi local government area of Benue State, through mapping of the existing health facilities located in the study area, their spatial distribution pattern, identify areas with marginal services and propose a model for the future development as well examine the availability and accessibility of the existing health facilities, e.g (road network, travel time, distance covered and queuing time). The” Nearest neighbour analysis” Geospatial statistical method was employed to determine the spatial distribution pattern of the existing health facilities in other to determine the area of limited service and accessibility to healthcare facilities. The findings indicated that the healthcare facilities are randomly distributed; Fiidi ward was discovered to have limited service as regards the healthcare facilities in the study area. In line with the findings, recommendations were made on the use of GIS to build a concept that can be followed and replicated in divergent social-economic and political contexts. Conclusively, the study had shown that GIS is a vital tool in healthcare facility analysis and also in live application issues and thus should be encouraged in Nigeria for national economic transformation and sustainable development.

 

keywords: Health, GIS, Mapping, Location
ANALYSIS OF VEHICLE DENSITY IN WIROLEGI, SUMBERSARI DISTRICT, JEMBER REGENCY
Authors: Pramesty Dinda Ayu , Kurnianto Fahmi Arif , Ikhsan Fahrudi Ahwan
Published: January 2019

Transportation is an important aspect of life, especially to fulfill living needs, people need transportation. Congestion that occurs in Jember Regency shows that this area is an industrial center and education center for the surrounding area, so that the high demand for goods and people in Jember Regency. This observation aims to determine the intensity of the density of motorized vehicles in Wirolegi Village, Sumbersari District, Jember Regency. Our data is obtained directly by using quantitative descriptive methods, which are supported by observation, documentation and description analysis techniques. The results of these observations show that Pakusari is the main road used by residents to go to the city center. According to data we get more people using motorbikes than other transportation, this is because motorbikes are one way to quickly get to the desired place. With the large number of motorized vehicles and causing traffic jams, it affects the surrounding air pollution.
Desenvolvendo o raciocínio espacial na formação inicial de professores dos primeiros anos
Authors: Brunheira Lina , Ponte João Pedro da
Published: January 2019

Este artigo enquadra-se numa experiência de formação inicial com futuros professores e educadores. O objetivo é compreender de que forma as tarefas exploratórias podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento do raciocínio espacial e quais os processos de raciocínio que promovem. Os dados foram recolhidos por registos áudio e vídeo e a sua análise incidiu nos processos de construção, análise e transformação de modelos mentais e operações com modelos mentais. O estudo sugere que o tipo de tarefas propostas, os recursos e as interações na sala de aula são condições relevantes para a ativação destes processos. No que respeita às tarefas, a realização de contagens de elementos dos poliedros e o estabelecimento de relações e justificações revelam-se promotores dos processos de raciocínio espacial; o material manipulável é importante como suporte, mas a sua utilização deve ser limitada; e o contexto de trabalho colaborativo favorece a comunicação do raciocínio e a estruturação espacial.
Pengaruh Kemoterapi Pada Pasien Pediatri Leukimia Limfoblastik Akut Dengan Febrile Neutropenia di Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais Jakarta
Authors: Muliyani Muliyani , Perwitasari Dyah Aryani , Andalusia Rizka , Aisyi Mururul
Published: January 2019

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian metode Observasional Crossectional dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif dan prospektif di periode bulan Maret - April 2014. Data diambil dari rekam medik pasien kemudian dianalisis dengan dekskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah episode febrile neutropenia yang terjadi pada pasien pediatri leukimia limfoblastik akut. Pada penelitian ini dapat diamati analisis faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat keparahan febrile neutropenia berdasarkan beberapa karakteristik episode febrile neutropenia yaitu, jenis protokol, fase kemoterapi, penyakit penyerta dan fenotip tidak berbeda signifikan terhadap tingkat keparahan febrile neutropenia yang terjadi pada pasien pediatri leukimia limfoblastik akut secara statistik (p>0,05). Onset demam dan durasi febrile neutropenia tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai ANC dimana signifikansinya menunjukkan (p>0,05). Drug Related Problems (DRPs) yang terjadi pada 25 episode febrile neutropenia (8 %).

Kata kunci: febrile neutropenia, tingkat keparahan, leukimia limfoblastik akut

ABSTRACT

This research was carried out by cross-sectional design with data was collected retrospectively and prospectively during the period of March-April 2014. The data was taken from medical records of patient. The research subjects were febrile neutropenia that occurs pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In this study, it can be observed analysis of factors affecting the severity of febrile neutropenia by some characteristic episodes of febrile neutropenia, namely, protocol type, phase of chemotherapy, concomitant diseases and phenotypes did not differ significantly to the severity of febrile neutropenia occurred in pediatric patients leukemia acute lymphoblastic statistically ( p> 0.05). Onset of fever and febrile neutropenia duration does not affect the value of the ANC which shows its significance (p> 0.05). Drug Related Problems (DRPs), which occurs in 25 episodes of febrile neutropenia (8%).

Keywords: febrile neutropenia, severity, leukemia acute lymphoblastic
Identifikasi Senyawa Kimia Ekstrak Etanol Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.) dan Ekstrak Etanol Nanas (Ananas comosus (L) Merr.)
Authors: Hakim Ali Rakhman , Saputri Rina
Published: January 2019

ABSTRAK

Bahan alam digunakan manusia sebagai obat untuk menyembuhkan, mencegah penyakit tertentu dan menjaga kondisi badan agar tetap sehat. Bahan alam yang digunakan dikenal dengan istilah obat herbal. Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L) dan Nanas (Ananas cosmosus (L) Merr) merupakan sebagian dari bahan alam yang dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan senyawa kimia pada ekstrak etanol mentimun dan ekstrak etanol nanas yaitu senyawa saponin, steroid, terpenoid, tanin dan secara kualitatif. Ekstrak etanol mentimun dan ekstrak etanol nanas didapatkan dengan metode maserasi. Hasil identifikasi senyawa kimia menunjukan ekstrak etanol mentimun mengandung senyawa kimia terpenoid, saponin dan fenolik. Ekstrak etanol nanas mengandung terpenoid dan fenolik.

Kata kunci: Identifikasi senyawa kimia, Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L), Nanas (Ananas cosmosus (L) Merr)

ABSTRACT

Natural materials has used by humans as a medicine to cure, prevent certain diseases and maintain body condition in order to stay healthy. Natural materials are used is known as herbal medicine. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) and Pineapple (Ananas cosmosus (L) Merr) is part of the natural materials that can be used as an alternative treatment. This study aims to identified the chemical compounds in extracts of cucumber ethanol and ethanol extract of pineapple there are saponins, steroids, terpenoids, tannins and qualitatively. The ethanol extract of cucumber and pineapple ethanol extracts obtained by maceration method. The results of the identification of chemical compounds showed the ethanol extract of cucumber contains chemical compounds terpenoids, saponins and phenolic. The ethanol extract of pineapple contains terpenoids and phenolic.

Keywords: Identification of chemical compounds, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L), pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr)
Rendemen dan Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Bangkal (Nauclea subdita) dengan Metode Maserasi Ultrasonikasi
Authors: Sari Destria Indah , Triyasmono Liling
Published: January 2019

ABSTRAK

Penggunaan jenis dan konsentrasi pelarut ekstraksi merupakan beberapa hal yang dapat mempengaruhi jumlah rendemen dan kandungan metabolit sekunder suatu ekstrak. Bangkal (Nauclea subdita) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan di Kalimantan Selatan, dan bagian kulit batangnya sering dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat setempat untuk mengatasi pengaruh buruk sinar matahari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan rendemen dan kandungan flavonoid total dalam ekstrak etanol kulit batang bangkal dengan metode maserasi ultrasonikasi. Konsentrasi pelarut etanol divariasikan menjadi 30%, 50%, 70%, dan 96%. Hasil rendemen yang diperoleh untuk masing-masing konsentrasi tersebut yaitu 2,60%; 1,88%; 1;88%; 1,92%. Sedangkan total flavonoid yang diperoleh dari dua replikasi sebesar 12,329 ± 0,251 EK, 8,865 ± 0,058 EK, 18,012 ± 0,461 EK, dan 44,728 ± 2,525 EK.

Kata kunci : bangkal (Nauclea subdita), rendemen, flavonoid total, maserasi ultrasonikasi

ABSTRACT

Solvent type and concentration were some factors that could effect extract yield and secondary metabolites content. Bangkal (Nauclea subdita) were one of the plant on South Kalimantan, and its bark were used to treat sunrays negative effect. This research was aimed to determined extract yield and total flavonoid content using ultrasonicated maceration methode. Ethanol concentration were varied to 30%, 50%, 70%, and 96%. Yield obtained from those concentrations were 2.06% , 1.88%, 1.88%, and 1.92%, respectively. While total flavonoid content obtained from conducted in duplication were 12.329 ± 0.251 QE, 8.865 ± 0.058 QE, 18.012 ± 0.461 QE, and 44.728 ± 2.525 QE, respectively.

Keywords: Nauclea subdita, extract yield, total flavonoid, ultrasonicated maceration.
Analisis Komponen Kimia Minyak Atsiri Pada Ekstrak Metanol Daun Kelor
Authors: Fitriana Wiwit Denny
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi senyawa daun Moringa oleifera sebagai obat herbal di Indonesia. Daun M. oleifera digunakan untuk mengurangi kadar gula darah, antiinflamasi, antioksidan dan antimikroba. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan penggunaan daun M. oleifera sebagai obat tradisional dan diidentifikasi terdapat senyawa fitokimia pada ekstrak daun M. oleifera. Pada ekstrak metanol terdapat minyak atsiri yang merupakan senyawa utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi minyak atsiri dari ekstrak daun M. oleifera. Digunakan metode kuantitatif dan eksperimental untuk mengidentifikasi minyak esensial dalam daun M. oleifera. Analisis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) dari minyak atsiri dari daun M. oleifera menunjukkan terdapat total 15 senyawa. Senyawa utama adalah asam heksadekanoat (metil ester) (No 3., 11.99%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic asam (No 5. 17,36%), fitol (No 6, 5,42%), 7,10,13- asam Hexadecatrienoic (no 8, 3,15%) dan oktadekanoat asam stearat (no 9, 2,42%).

Kata kunci: daun oleifera Moringa, minyak atsiri, Kromatografi Gas Spektrometri Massa, asam heksadekanoat

ABSTRACT

Investigations were carried out to evaluate the compounds of Moringa oleifera leaves as herbal medicines In Indonesia. M. oleifera leaves are used to reduce blood sugar level, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial. It established the medicinal uses of M. oleifera leaves and identified phytochemicals present in M. oleifera leaves extracts. The Methanol exstract present of Essential oil is the major led compounds. This study aimed to identified chemical compounds of Essential oil from M. oleifera methanol exstract. It used quantitative and experimental methods that established the uses and identified essential oil in M. oleifera leaves. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the total neutral essential oil from M. oleifera leaves showed a total of 15 compounds. The major compounds were Hexadecanoic acid (methyl ester) (no 3., 11.99%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid (no 5. 17.36%), phytol (no 6, 5.42%), 7,10,13-Hexadecatrienoic acid (no 8, 3.15%) and Octadecanoic acid Stearic (no 9, 2.42%).

Keywords: Moringa oleifera leaves, Essential oil, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, Hexadecanoic acid
Pengaruh Tingkat Pengetahuan, Motivasi dan Faktor Obat Terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pasien Hipertensi di Puskesmas Kota Banjarbaru Tahun 2017
Authors: Rusida Esty Restiana , Adhani Rosihan , Panghiyangani Roselina
Published: January 2019

Hipertensi memberikan kontribusi untuk hampir 9,4 juta kematian akibat penyakit kardiovaskuler setiap tahun. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan minum obat. Kasus/pasien hipertensi di kota Banjarbaru terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan dibanding kabupaten lain yaitu sebesar 375%. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan, motivasi, faktor obat terhadap kepatuhan minum obat pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Banjarbaru, Puskesmas Sei Besar dan Puskesmas Cempaka Kota Banjarbaru tahun 2017. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner yang diuji validitas dan reliabilitas. Analisis data yang dilakukan berupa analisis univarian, bivarian, dan multivarian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan minum obat (p Value= 0,000,Exp B=0,264). Tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara motivasi dengan kepatuhan minum obat (p value= 0,622) di Puskesmas Banjarbaru, Puskesmas Sei Besar dan Puskesmas cempaka pada tahun 2017. Ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara faktor obat dengan kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien hipertensi (p value = 0,002, Exp B= 0,022). Kesimpulan yang didapat yaitu pengetahuan merupakan faktor paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Banjarbaru, Puskesmas Sei Besar dan Puskesmas cempaka pada tahun 2017 (p value = 0,000, Exp B= 0,264).

Kata kunci: hipertensi, pengetahuan, motivasi, obat
Uji Tanggap Rasa Pasta Gigi Kombinasi Triklosan-Ekstrak Etanol Daun Suji (Pleomele angustifolia N.E Brown) dengan Bahan Pengikat CMC-Na
Authors: Zulfa Elya , Andriani Rima
Published: January 2019

Daun suji biasa digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai obat kumur untuk menghilangkan plak. Pasta gigi merupakan salah satu bentuk sediaan yang cocok untuk kesehatan mulut dengan bahan aktif triklosan, namun triklosan bersifat korosif, resisten terhadap bakteri, dan mempengaruhi sistem hormonal khusunya hormon reproduksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan variasi konsentrasi kombinasi triklosan-ekstrak etanol daun suji (T-EEDS) pada sediaan pasta gigi terhadap tanggap rasa dari masyarakat. Ekstrak etanol 70% daun suji diperoleh dengan metode maserasi, kemudian dilakukan pembuatan sediaan pasta gigi dengan variasi konsentrasi kombinasi T-EEDS yaitu FI (1:0), FII (0,5;0,5), FIII (0:1). Pasta gigi yang diperoleh dilakukan uji tanggap rasa. Hasil pengujian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa semua formula yang dibuat berada pada rangking 2 yang berarti “dislike very much”.
Kata Kunci : daun suji, triklosan, pasta gigi, tanggap rasa
Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura)
Authors: Puspitasari Anita Dwi , Wulandari Ririn Lispita
Published: January 2019

Daun kersen (Muntingia calabura ) secara empiris di masyarakat digunakan untuk mengobati berbagai macam penyakit. Salah satu potensi yang dimiliki dari daun kersen adalah sebagai antioksidan. Senyawa aktif yang dimiliki oleh daun kersen yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan diantaranya adalah fenolik, flavonoid, dan alkaloid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan penetapan kadar flavonoid total ekstrak etil asetat daun kersen (Muntingia calabura). Pembuatan ekstrak etil asetat daun kersen menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etil asetat. Analisis aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) dengan pembanding vitamin C. Penetapan kadar flavonoid total menggunakan metode spektrofotometri Ultra Ungu-Sinar Tampak dengan pembanding Quersetin. Hasil penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan adanya kandungan senyawa alkaloid, saponin, fenolik, flavonoid, dan tannin. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etil asetat daun kersen dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 53,25 µg/mL dengan penbanding vitamin C (IC50 25,74 µg/mL ). Hasil penetapan kadar flavonoid total sebesar 93,21 mgEQ/g Ekstrak.

Kata kunci: antioksidan, flavonoid total, muntingia calabura
Formulasi dan Karakterisasi Fisik Tablet Floating Mukoadhesif Ranitidin HCl
Authors: Putri Aristha Novyra , Forestryana Dyera
Published: January 2019

Gastrotentive Drug Delivery System merupakan sistem penghantar yang bermanfaat untuk memperpanjang waktu tinggal sediaan di dalam lambung yang bertujuan untuk pemberian obat lokal pada saluran cerna bagian atas ataupun untuk efek sistemik. Ranitidin hydrochloride (RHCl) adalah golongan histamine H2 receptor antagonist memiliki waktu paro ranitidine HCl yaitu 2 – 3 jam, bioavailabilitas absolut ranitidine HCl 50%, ranitidin HCl sangat baik diabsorbsi di lambung, dan dimetabolisme di kolon, sehingga bioavailabilitas di kolon sangat rendah, sehingga cocok dikembangkan dalam bentuk Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System (GRDDS). Penilitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi sediaan tablet floating mukoadhesif Rantidin HCl berdasarkan rancangan formula factorial design 23, sehingga menghasilkan 8 formula. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji karakteristik fisik granul dan tablet tablet floating mukoadhesif Rantidin HCl. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kecepatan alir granul ada rentang 4,599±0,115 - 7,615±0,081 gr/detik; sudut diam pada rentang 26,47±0,164 - 30,31°±1,769; fisik tablet keseluruhan formula berbentuk bulat; warna putih kekuningan; memiliki diameter 12,9 mm; ketebalan tablet 2,8 ± 0,05 - 3,53 ± 0,05 mm; rentang rata – rata bobot tablet 8 formula adalah 478,2±0,81 - 578,3±0,64 mg; friability pada rentang 0,28±0,002 - 0,47±0,002 %; dan uji swelling index terjadi pengembangan tablet dari waktu ke waktu selama 6

Kata kunci: Ranitidin HCl, floating-muccoadhesive, swelling index, Gastroretentive, Factorial Design
Formulasi Dan Uji Stabilitas Gel Antijerawat Yang Mengandung Kuersetin Serta Uji Efektivitas Terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Apriana Rina , Rahmawanty Dina , Fitriana Mia
Published: January 2019

Jerawat adalah abnormalitasnya produksi sebum pada kelenjar sebasea yang biasanya disebabkan oleh bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Kuersetin adalah kelompok flavonoid yang memiliki senyawa fenol sehingga dapat menghambatStaphylococcus epidermidis pada konsentrasi 0,05% b/b.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menetapkan pengaruh penambahan konsentrasi kuersetin terhadap efektifvitas penghambatan Staphylococcus epidermidis dan untuk menentukanpengaruh penambahan kuersetin terhadap sifat fisika kimia dan stabilitas fisika kimia gel kuersetin. Gel yang sudah diformulasi dilakukan evaluasi fisika kimia sediaan dan dilakukan uji efektivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis dengan menggunakan media Mueller Hinton agar. Evaluasi sediaan gel kuersetin meliputi organoleptis seperti bau dan warna, daya sebar, daya lekat, pH, viskositas dan sediaan di uji stabilitas selama 12 minggu dengan suhu 4ºC, 28±2ºC dan 40ºC. Analisa data menggunakan ANOVA Test hasil uji statistik menunjukkan dengan penambahan konsentrasi kuersetin dalam sediaan gel memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus epidermidisyang ditunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna (p0,05). Hasil uji stabilitas fisika kimia gel yang diperoleh dengan penambahan kuersetin dalam sediaan gel tidak memberikan pengaruh yang ditunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini dengan penambahan konsentrasi kuersetin dalam sediaan gel memberikan pengaruh dalam penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidisyang ditunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna (p0,05).Penambahan konsentrasi kuersetin dalam sediaan gel tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap stabilitas gel kuersetin yang ditunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05).

kata kunci : Jerawat, Kuersetin, Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Jenis Pati Pada Karakteristik Fisik Sediaan Edible Film Peppermint Oil
Authors: Cahyani Intan Martha , Anggraini Intan Aprilia Choirul , Sari Melvina Findyana , Tamara Sita , Zaemonah Siti
Published: January 2019

Peppermint oil adalah minyak atsiri yang diperoleh dengan destilasi uap dari bagian di atas tanah tanaman berbunga Mentha Piperita Linne. Kandungan utama dari peppermint oil adalah menthol (35-55%) yang mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antibakteri dan penyegar mulut. Hal inilah yang menjadikan dasar untuk diformulasikannya peppermint oil dalam sediaan edible film sebagai penyegar mulut dengan menggunakan pati yang merupakan pembentuk film yang baik karena mengandung amilosa cukup tinggi. Amilosa bersifat tidak larut dalam air dingin tetapi menyerap sejumlah besar air dan mengembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan jenis pati pada karakteristik fisik sediaan edible film peppermint oil. Pati yang digunakan berasal dari pati gandum, pati garut, pati jagung, dan pati kentang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan konsentrasi 025% tiap pati. Uji karakteristik fisik meliputi organoleptis, waktu hancur, tensile strength, percentage elongation, young’s modulus, dan percentage LoD. Uji tanggapan pengguna meliputi aspek warna, bentuk, bau, dan rasa serta uji Angka Lempeng Total. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan jenis amilum yang berbeda berpengaruh signifikan pada karakteristik fisik dan tanggapan pengguna. Peningkatan kadar amilosa pada pati meningkatkan waktu hancur, tensile strength, young’s modulus, dan menurunkan percentage elongation serta percentage LoD dari edible film peppermint oil antar formula. Hasil uji Angka Lempeng Total memenuhi syarat yaitu < 104 koloni/g.

Kata kunci : edible film, karakteristik fisik, peppermint oil, pati