bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electron Beam-Induced Carbon Erosion and the Impact on Electron Probe Microanalysis
Authors: Matthews Mike B. , Kearns Stuart L. , Buse Ben
Published: November 2018

Electron beam-induced carbon contamination is a balance between simultaneous deposition and erosion processes. Net erosion rates for a 25 nA 3 kV beam can reduce a 5 nm C coating by 20% in 60 s. Measurements were made on C-coated Bi substrates, with coating thicknesses of 5–20 nm, over a range of analysis conditions. Erosion showed a step-like increase with increasing electron flux density. Both the erosion rate and its rate of change increase with decreasing accelerating voltage. As the flux density decreases the rate of change increases more rapidly with decreasing voltage. Time-dependent intensity (TDI) measurements can be used to correct for errors, in both coating and substrate quantifications, resulting from carbon erosion. Uncorrected analyses showed increasing errors in coating thickness with decreasing accelerating voltage. Although the erosion rate was found to be independent of coating thickness this produces an increasing absolute error with decreasing starting thickness, ranging from 1.5% for a 20 nm C coating on Bi at 15 kV to 14% for a 5 nm coating at 3 kV. Errors in Bi Mα measurement are <1% at 5 kV or above but increase rapidly below this, both with decreasing voltage and increasing coating thickness to 20% for a 20 nm coated sample at 3 kV.
More than a ‘moment’: Woodrow Wilson and the foundations of twentieth century Japan
Authors: Dickinson Frederick R.
Published: November 2018

Woodrow Wilson's name remains forever entwined with the Paris Peace Conference and efforts to transform geopolitics after 1918. Despite recent emphases on the power of this so-called ‘Wilsonian Moment,’ initiatives by the American president remain controversial, and his principal global legacy has come to be defined as the rise of nationalism in the developing world. In the historiography of modern Japan, Wilson and the Paris Conference have long been identified less as opportunities than as challenges, embodied unmistakably in Prince Konoe Fumimaro's 1918 condemnation of the conference and the proposed League of Nations as beneficial only to the USA and Britain. Reading back from 1931, historians of modern Japan have located in the Versailles settlement seeds of an epic new expansionary effort from the Manchurian Incident to the destruction of Imperial Japan. This paper, by contrast, analyzes the interwar years on their own terms and, in so doing, locates the structural foundations of a dramatic Japanese national departure. Wilson is more than a ‘moment’ in interwar Japan. Embraced at the very moment that a largely agricultural and regional nineteenth-century Japan becomes a twentieth-century industrial state and world power, it is potent enough to withstand the illiberal tide of the 1930s and 40s to blossom again after the Second World War.
Nambara Shigeru (1889–1974): how a Japanese liberal conceptualized eternal peace, 1918–1951
Authors: Inoguchi Takashi
Published: November 2018

Nambara Shigeru was arara avisof Japanese liberal academics at hard times in that he survived difficult times without being punished by the oppressive government in the pre-war Japan and the occupation authorities in the immediate post-war Japan. He specialized in Western political philosophy especially in Immanuel Kant and Johann Gottlieb Fichte, known as proponents of German idealism and nationalism. His magnum opus was published, without being punished, in 1944, arguing that the Nazi politics was totally against the Western political tradition. In 1945–46, he made clear his opposition to the draft new Constitution in which the emperor be symbolic and the armed forces be abolished. In 1949–1950, he made clear his view that Japan, once Japan admitted to the United Nations, what would become Japanese Self-Defense Forces should donate portions to what would become United Nations Peace Keeping Operations. On the basis of his writings in the war period and the occupation period, comparisons of his positions with Roger Scruton, Vladislav Surkov, Yanaihara Tadao, Akamatsu Kaname, Nitobe Inazo, and Yanagida Kunio on such concepts as democracy promotion, national self-determination, peace keeping are attempted to see the extent to which the pent-up Wilsonian moment burst in the immediate post-war period.
Measuring Bias against Female Political Leadership
Authors: Setzler Mark
Published: November 2018

Much research examining gender bias in politics analyzes responses to explicit survey questions asking individuals whether they prefer male over female leaders or agree that male political leaders are superior. Drawing insights from the measurement of other types of prejudice, this article explores the methodological shortcomings of a widely used question of this type. Analyzing the results of two surveys—one national and one state-level—I compare response patterns to a standard, highly explicit question that is frequently administered by the Pew Research Center with those for a modestly altered item that employs multiple strategies to reduce social desirability bias. Compared with the alternative measure, the conventional item seriously underreports prejudice against women leaders. Moreover, the underreporting of bias is especially prevalent among individuals belonging to groups that are strong advocates of gender equality.
Rules, perception and emotion: When do institutions determine behaviour?
Authors: Markey-Towler Brendan
Published: November 2018

This paper seeks to answer the question of what psychological preconditions must exist for institutions to determine behaviour and order our societies. We defend the notion that institutional theory may gain from such a contribution. We introduce a new theory of the mind as a network structure within which the psychological process operates to integrate insights from cognitive and affective psychology into institutional theory. We discover that institutions must be expressed asrulesin mental networks which guide thinking and behaviour, be embedded within a cognitive apparatus such that they are called to mind byperceptionto so guide thinking and behaviour and be anchored toemotionsuch that they are endowed with urgency in order for them to have a hold on individual behaviour. From this theory we derive definite predictions, as well as policy insights.
The Motivation for Facebook Use – Is it a Matter of Bonding or Control Over Others?
Authors: Sariyska Rayna , Lachmann Bernd , Cheng Cecilia , Gnisci Augusto , Sergi Ida , Pace Antonio , Kaliszewska-Czeremska Katarzyna , Laconi Stéphanie , Zhong Songfa , Toraman Demet , Geiger Mattis , Montag Christian
Published: November 2018

Abstract. In the present study, we investigated individual differences in the motivation for Facebook use. In total N = 736 participants from Europe and Asia took part in the study. They filled in the Facebook questionnaire (FQ), including the two factors Attitude toward Facebook and Online Sociability, and the Unified Motive Scale (UMS-3), measuring the motives Achievement, Affiliation, Intimacy, Power, and Fear. The results showed that the Attitude toward Facebook was more positive in the subsample from Asia, but no differences could be found between the Asian and European sample with respect to the frequency of use of different activities on Facebook. The motives Fear, Power, Affiliation, and Intimacy significantly predicted the FQ factor Attitudes. Furthermore, the Attitude toward Facebook mediated the associations between the motives Power/Affiliation and Online Sociability. However, these results were only found for the European sample. The associations found suggest the important role of different motives such as Power/Affiliation for the study of Facebook use. The present work shows the possibility of motivational factors for Facebook use to differ depending on the culture. The study adds to the literature by investigating a classic motivation theory in the context of Facebook use.
Plumley Receives 2018 Donald L. Turcotte Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: November 2018

Meredith Plumley will receive the 2018 Donald L. Turcotte Award at AGU’s Fall Meeting 2018, to be held 10–14 December in Washington, D. C. This award is given annually to a recent Ph.D. recipient for “outstanding dissertation research that contributes directly to nonlinear geophysics.”
Ambient Noise Tomography Images Accreted Terranes and Igneous Provinces in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico
Authors: Quiros D. A. , Pulliam J. , Barman D. , Polanco Rivera E. , Huerfano V.
Published: November 2018

The North American‐Caribbean plate boundary near the islands of Hispaniola and Puerto Rico is a complex region in which strain is accommodated by different modes of deformation. In 2013, 16 broadband stations were deployed in the Dominican Republic to densify the local permanent network. One goal is to combine their data with those from permanent networks in the Caribbean to develop a better understanding of the crust and upper mantle structure in the Greater Antilles. Here we use the records of 204 stations spanning almost 7 years of data to obtain group velocity maps. We observe at short periods the contacts between accreted terranes and the igneous provinces of Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, at longer periods the collisional boundary between the buoyant Bahamas Carbonate Platform and Hispaniola, and the transition from Hispaniola's accreted terranes to the faster lithosphere of the Venezuelan Basin and Cayman Trough.
Inhibition of Grain Boundary Sliding in Fine‐Grained Ice by Intergranular Particles: Implications for Planetary Ice Masses
Authors: Qi Chao , Stern Laura A. , Pathare Asmin , Durham William B. , Goldsby David L.
Published: November 2018

Ice in both terrestrial and planetary settings often contains rock particles. Here we present an experimental investigation of the influence of intergranular particles on the rheological behavior of ice. Experiments were performed on samples fabricated from 10‐μm ice powders +1‐μm graphite or 0.8‐μm alumina particles and subjected to elevated confining pressures. A critical particle fraction, ∼6%, was observed, below which samples behave like pure ice and deform by both grain boundary sliding (GBS) and dislocation creep, and above which GBS creep is impeded. Above this critical fraction, ice grains occur in particle‐free clusters surrounded by bands of particles mixed with fine‐grained ice, resulting in the impedance of GBS in the bands as well as sliding between the ice clusters. Our results imply that South Polar Layered Deposits and midlatitude lobate debris aprons on Mars must contain >94% ice and that the shallow subsurface of Ceres could contain >90% ice.
Transport of Mass and Energy in Mercury's Plasma Sheet
Authors: Poh Gangkai , Slavin James A. , Jia Xianzhe , Sun Wei‐Jie , Raines Jim M. , Imber Suzanne M. , DiBraccio Gina A. , Gershman Daniel J.
Published: November 2018

We examined the transport of mass and energy in Mercury's plasma sheet (PS) using MESSENGER magnetic field and plasma measurements obtained during 759 PS crossings. Regression analysis of proton density and plasma pressure shows a strong linear relationship. We calculated the polytropic index γ for Mercury's PS to be ~0.687, indicating that the plasma in the tail PS behaves nonadiabatically as it is transported sunward. Using the average magnetic field intensity of Mercury's tail lobe as a proxy for magnetotail activity level, we demonstrated that γ is lower during active time periods. A minimum in γ was observed at R ~ 1.4 RM, which coincides with previously observed location of Mercury's substorm current wedge. We suggest that the nonadiabatic behavior of plasma as it is transported into Mercury's near‐tail region is primarily driven by particle precipitation and particle scattering due to large loss cone and particle acceleration effect, respectively.
Deep Transient Slow Slip Detected by Survey GPS in the Region of Atacama, Chile
Authors: Klein E. , Duputel Z. , Zigone D. , Vigny C. , Boy J.‐P. , Doubre C. , Meneses G.
Published: November 2018

We detected a long‐term transient deformation signal between 2014 and 2016 in the Atacama region (Chile) using survey Global Positioning System (GPS) observations. Over an ∼150 km along‐strike region, survey GPS measurements in 2014 and 2016 deviate significantly from the interseismic trend estimated using previous observations. This deviation from steady state deformation is spatially coherent and reveals a horizontal westward diverging motion of several centimeters, along with a significant uplift. It is confirmed by continuous measurements of recently installed GPS stations. We discard instrumental, hydrological, oceanic, or atmospheric loading effects and show that the transient is likely due to deep slow slip in the transition zone of the subduction interface (∼40‐ to 60‐km depth). In addition, daily observations recorded by a continuous GPS station operating between 2002 and 2015 highlight similar transient signals in 2005 and 2009, suggesting a recurrent pattern.
Localized Plumes Drive Front‐Wide Ocean Melting of A Greenlandic Tidewater Glacier
Authors: Slater D. A. , Straneo F. , Das S. B. , Richards C. G. , Wagner T. J. W. , Nienow P. W.
Published: November 2018

Recent acceleration of Greenland's ocean‐terminating glaciers has substantially amplified the ice sheet's contribution to global sea level. Increased oceanic melting of these tidewater glaciers is widely cited as the likely trigger, and is thought to be highest within vigorous plumes driven by freshwater drainage from beneath glaciers. Yet melting of the larger part of calving fronts outside of plumes remains largely unstudied. Here we combine ocean observations collected within 100 m of a tidewater glacier with a numerical model to show that unlike previously assumed, plumes drive an energetic fjord‐wide circulation which enhances melting along the entire calving front. Compared to estimates of melting within plumes alone, this fjord‐wide circulation effectively doubles the glacier‐wide melt rate, and through shaping the calving front has a potential dynamic impact on calving. Our results suggest that melting driven by fjord‐scale circulation should be considered in process‐based projections of Greenland's sea level contribution.
Geophysical Monitoring of Moisture‐Induced Landslides: A Review
Authors: Whiteley J. S. , Chambers J. E. , Uhlemann S. , Wilkinson P. B. , Kendall J. M.
Published: November 2018

Geophysical monitoring of landslides can provide insights into spatial and temporal variations of subsurface properties associated with slope failure. Recent improvements in equipment, data analysis, and field operations have led to a significant increase in the use of such techniques in monitoring. Geophysical methods complement intrusive approaches, which sample only a very small proportion of the subsurface, and walk‐over or remotely sensed data, which principally provide information only at the ground surface. In particular, recent studies show that advances in geophysical instrumentation, data processing, modeling, and interpretation in the context of landslide monitoring are significantly improving the characterization of hillslope hydrology and soil and rock hydrology and strength and their dynamics over time. This review appraises the state of the art of geophysical monitoring, as applied to moisture‐induced landslides. Here we focus on technical and practical uses of time‐lapse methods in geophysics applied to monitoring moisture‐induced landslide. The case studies identified in this review show that several geophysical techniques are currently used in the monitoring of subsurface landslide processes. These geophysical contributions to monitoring and predicting the evolution of landslide processes are currently underrealized. Hence, the further integration of multiple‐parametric and geotechnically coupled geophysical monitoring systems has considerable potential. The complementary nature of certain methods to map the distribution of subsurface moisture and elastic moduli will greatly increase the predictive and monitoring capacity of early warning systems in moisture‐induced landslide settings.
Enhancing the ISIS‐I Topside Digital Ionogram Database
Authors: Benson Robert F. , Bilitza Dieter , Fung Shing F. , Truhlik Vladimir , Wang Yongli
Published: November 2018

Selected original analog telemetry tapes from three of the topside‐sounder satellites of the International Satellites for Ionospheric Studies (ISIS) program, namely Alouette 2, ISIS I, and ISIS II, were used in an earlier project to produce more than ½ million digital topside ionograms; the resulting digital topside ionograms from ISIS II were used to produce more than 86,000 globally distributed vertical topside ionospheric electron density profiles Ne(h) that cover a time span of more than a solar cycle. These Ne(h) were produced using the Topside Ionogram Scaler with True height algorithm auto‐scaling software. Before attempting to automatically process Alouette‐2 or ISIS‐I ionograms, a data‐enhancement project was initiated so as to increase the number of ionograms suitable for manual scaling and to increase the auto‐processing success rate. These enhancements were mainly to correct problems that often occurred during the analog‐to‐digital conversion of the original telemetry tapes. Here we illustrate the improvements made to the ISIS‐I digital topside ionograms and compare Ne values at the satellite altitude and Ne(h) profiles, based on the manual scaling of selected ionograms, to both the auto‐scaled values and the predictions of the International Reference Ionosphere 2016 model. The results indicate the need to improve the available auto‐processing software for the new ISIS‐I digital ionograms and that International Reference Ionosphere 2016 predicts midlatitude winter topside Ne values that are too high in the late morning and at noon but too low in the early morning.
A Foraging Mandala for Aquatic Microorganisms
Authors: Fernandez Vicente I , Yawata Yutaka , Stocker Roman
Published: November 2018

Aquatic environments harbor a great diversity of microorganisms, which interact with the same patchy, particulate, or diffuse resources by means of a broad array of physiological and behavioral adaptations, resulting in substantially different life histories and ecological success. To date, efforts to uncover and understand this diversity have not been matched by equivalent efforts to identify unifying frameworks that can provide a degree of generality and thus serve as a stepping stone to scale up microscale dynamics to predict their ecosystem-level consequences. In particular, evaluating the ecological consequences of different resource landscapes and of different microbial adaptations has remained a major challenge in aquatic microbial ecology. Here, inspired by Ramon Margalef’s mandala for phytoplankton, we propose a foraging mandala for microorganisms in aquatic environments, which accounts for both the local environment and individual adaptations. This biophysical framework distills resource acquisition into two fundamental parameters: the search time for a new resource and the growth return obtained from encounter with a resource. We illustrate the foraging mandala by considering a broad range of microbial adaptations and environmental characteristics. The broad applicability of the foraging mandala suggests that it could be a useful framework to compare disparate microbial strategies in aquatic environments and to reduce the vast complexity of microbe-environment interactions into a minimal number of fundamental parameters.
A high-throughput data analysis and materials discovery tool for strongly correlated materials
Authors: Hafiz Hasnain , Khair Adnan Ibne , Choi Hongchul , Mueen Abdullah , Bansil Arun , Eidenbenz Stephan , Wills John , Zhu Jian-Xin , Balatsky Alexander V. , Ahmed Towfiq
Published: November 2018

Modeling off-electron systems is challenging due to the complex interplay of the effects of spin–orbit coupling, electron–electron interactions, and the hybridization of the localizedf-electrons with itinerant conduction electrons. This complexity drives not only the richness of electronic properties but also makes these materials suitable for diverse technological applications. In this context, we propose and implement a data-driven approach to aid the materials discovery process. By deploying state-of-the-art algorithms and query tools, we train our learning models using a large, simulated dataset based on existing actinide and lanthanide compounds. The machine-learned models so obtained can then be used to search for new classes of stable materials with desired electronic and physical properties. We discuss the basic structure of ourf-electron database, and our approach towards cleaning and correcting the structure data files. Illustrative examples of the applications of our database include successful prediction of stable superstructures of double perovskites and identification of a number of physically-relevant trends in strongly correlated features off-electron based materials.
Genome-wide analysis of RNAs associated with Populus euphratica Oliv. heterophyll morphogenesis
Authors: Qin Shao-Wei , Jiang Ren-Jun , Zhang Na , Liu Zhan-Wen , Li Cai-Lin , Guo Zhong-Zhong , Bao Liang-Hong , Zhao Li-Feng
Published: November 2018

The desert plant Populus euphratica Oliv. has typical heterophylly; linear (Li), lanceolate (La), ovate (Ov) and broad-ovate (Bo) leaves grow in turn as trees develop to maturity. P. euphratica is therefore a potential model organism for leaf development. To investigate the roles of RNAs (including mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs) in the morphogenesis of P. euphratica heterophylls, juvenile heterophylls were sampled individually, and then, the expression patterns of miRNAs, mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs were analysed by small RNA sequencing and strand-specific RNA sequencing. We found that 1374 mRNAs, 19 miRNAs, 71 lncRNAs and 2 circRNAs were P. euphratica heterophyll morphogenesis–associated (PHMA) RNAs; among them, 17 PHMA miRNAs could alter the expression of 46 PHMA mRNAs. Furthermore, 11 lncRNAs and 2 circRNAs interacted with 27 PHMA mRNAs according to the ceRNA hypothesis. According to GO and KEGG pathway analysis, PHMA RNAs were mainly involved in metabolism, response to stimulus and developmental processes. Our results indicated that external environmental factors and genetic factors in P. euphratica co-regulated the expression of PHMA RNAs, repressed cell division, reinforced cell growth, and ultimately resulted in the morphogenesis of P. euphratica heterophylls.
Foxi3 transcription factor activity is mediated by a C-terminal transactivation domain and regulated by the Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) complex
Authors: Singh Sunita , Jangid Rahul K. , Crowder Alyssa , Groves Andrew K.
Published: November 2018

The Forkhead box (FOX) family consists of at least 19 subgroups of transcription factors which are characterized by the presence of an evolutionary conserved ‘forkhead’ or ‘winged-helix’ DNA-binding domain. Despite having a conserved core DNA binding domain, FOX proteins display remarkable functional diversity and are involved in many developmental and cell specific processes. In the present study, we focus on a poorly characterized member of the Forkhead family, Foxi3, which plays a critical role in the development of the inner ear and jaw. We show that Foxi3 contains at least two important functional domains, a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) and a C-terminal transactivation domain (TAD), and that it directly binds its targets in a sequence specific manner. We also show that the transcriptional activity of Foxi3 is regulated by phosphorylation, and that the activity of Foxi3 can be attenuated by its physical interaction with the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) complex.
Grail attenuates influenza A virus infection and pathogenesis by inhibiting viral nucleoprotein
Authors: Lin Hui-Tsu , Chen Cheng-Cheung , Liu Pei-Yao , Wu Hsueh-Ling , Wu Ti-Hui , Huang Chih-Heng , Chen Ying-Chuan
Published: November 2018

Grail is a well-characterized mediator of metabolic disease, tumour progression, and immune response. However, its role in influenza A virus (IAV) infection remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that Grail knockdown potentiates IAV infection, whereas Grail overexpression blocks IAV replication. The intranasal administration of IAV to Grail KO mice led to a lower survival rate than in similarly infected wild-type mice. Additionally, IAV-infected Grail KO mice had higher viral titres, greater immune cell infiltration, and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines in the lungs. Mechanistically, we showed that Grail interacts with viral nucleoprotein (NP), targeting it for degradation and inhibiting IAV replication. NP expression was increased in Grail knockdown cells and reduced in cells overexpressing Grail. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Grail acts as a negative regulator of IAV infection and replication by degrading viral NP. These data increase our understanding of the host antiviral response to infection with IAV.
A simple and effective strategy for detecting artemisinin based on oxidative cyclization of vitamin B1 eliciting fluorescence turn-on
Authors: Zou Wu , Gong Fuchun , Cao Zhong , Xia Jiaoyun , Gu Tingting , Deng Renxing
Published: November 2018

Artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives are first-line treatment drugs for falciparum malaria and save millions of lives every year. A VB1-based fluorogenic probe for ART determination was developed by measuring the products of VB1 oxidized by ART.
Full compositional control of PbSxSe1−x thin films by the use of acylchalcogourato lead(ii) complexes as precursors for AACVD
Authors: Ezenwa Tagbo Emmanuel , McNaughter Paul D. , Raftery James , Lewis David J. , O'Brien Paul
Published: November 2018

Selenium and sulfur derivatives of lead(ii) acylchalcogourato complexes have been used to deposit PbSxSe1−x thin films by AACVD.
Magnetic on–off switching in redox non-innocent ligand bridged binuclear cobalt complexes
Authors: Wang Yichen , Li Jing , Zhang Li , Chen Chao , Feng Rui , Zhao Yue , Zhang Yi-Quan , Tan Gengwen , Song You , Wang Xinping
Published: November 2018

We synthesized two binuclear cobalt complexes featuring a magnetic on–off switching property based on the redox non-innocent bpym ligand.
Could resistant starch supplementation improve inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and uremic toxins levels in hemodialysis patients? A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Esgalhado Marta , Kemp Julie A. , Azevedo Renata , Paiva Bruna R. , Stockler-Pinto Milena B. , Dolenga Carla J. , Borges Natália A. , Nakao Lia S. , Mafra Denise
Published: November 2018

Prebiotic-resistant starch supplementation may be a good strategy to reduce inflammation, oxidative stress and uremic toxins in CKD patients.
Copper stress inStaphylococcus aureusleads to adaptive changes in central carbon metabolism
Authors: Tarrant Emma , P. Riboldi Gustavo , McIlvin Matthew R. , Stevenson Jack , Barwinska-Sendra Anna , Stewart Louisa J. , Saito Mak A. , Waldron Kevin J.
Published: November 2018

PathogenicStaphylococcus aureusrespond to copper stress by altering central carbon metabolism in response to a specific inhibition of the glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
A self-assembly study of PNA–porphyrin and PNA–BODIPY hybrids in mixed solvent systems
Authors: Nikoloudakis Emmanouil , Karikis Kostas , Han Jingjing , Kokotidou Chrysoula , Charisiadis Asterios , Folias Fotios , Douvas Antonios M. , Mitraki Anna , Charalambidis Georgios , Yan Xuehai , Coutsolelos Athanassios G.
Published: November 2018

In this work a peptide nucleic acid has been covalently linked with porphyrin and boron-dipyrromethene exhibiting self assembly properties and light-harvesting capability.
Understanding the formation of ultrathin mesoporous Li4Ti5O12 nanosheets and their application in high-rate, long-life lithium-ion anodes
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Shan Zhongqiang , Tian Jianhua , Chen Zheng
Published: November 2018

Ultrathin mesoporous Li4Ti5O12 nanosheets, which offer high capacity, high rate capability and excellent cycling stability, were synthesized in a controlled fashion.
Exploiting the vicinal disubstituent effect on the diastereoselective synthesis of γ and δ lactones
Authors: Brenna Elisabetta , Dalla Santa Francesco , Gatti Francesco G. , Gatti Giuseppe , Tessaro Davide
Published: November 2018

Trifluoroacetic acid catalysed lactonization of vicinal disubstituted γ-hydroxyesters was investigated in different solvents.
Identification of thienopyridine carboxamides as selective binders of HIV-1 trans Activation Response (TAR) and Rev Response Element (RRE) RNAs
Authors: Li Xue-Dong , Liu Li , Cheng Liang
Published: November 2018

The synthesis, biochemical and structural studies of two novel thienopyridine carboxamide derivatives that selectively recognize HIV-1 TAR and RRE RNAs were described.
Quantitative assessment of the association between GRIA1 polymorphisms and migraine risk
Authors: Gao Xueren , Wang Jianguo
Published: November 2018

Purpose: The association between GRIA1 rs548294 G>A and rs2195450 C>T polymorphisms and migraine risk has been reported in several case–control studies. However, the results of studies are inconsistent. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to more precisely estimate the association of the two polymorphisms with migraine risk.

Methods: Eligible studies were retrieved and screened from the online databases (EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure). The pooled odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95.0% confidence intervals (CIs) was assessed using random- or fixed-effects model.

Results: A total of 1233 cases and 1374 controls from four eligible studies were included. The pooled analysis showed that GRIA1 rs548294 G>A polymorphism was not significantly associated with migraine risk. GRIA1 rs2195450 C>T polymorphism was significantly associated with migraine risk under heterozygous model (CT vs. CC, OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.02–1.48, PZ = 0.03). Further subgroup analysis based on ethnicity showed a significant association of GRIA1 rs2195450 C>T polymorphism with migraine risk in Asian population, but not in Caucasian population.

Conclusions: Our results indicates that GRIA1 rs2195450 C>T polymorphism is significantly associated with migraine risk. However, the number of studies included in the meta-analysis was small. Thus, more high quality case–control studies with a large sample size are still required to confirm these findings.
Changes in cell fate determine the regenerative and functional capacity of the developing kidney before and after release of obstruction
Authors: Nagalakshmi Vidya K. , Li Minghong , Shah Soham , Gigliotti Joseph C. , Klibanov Alexander L. , Epstein Frederick H. , Chevalier Robert L. , Gomez R. Ariel , Sequeira-Lopez Maria Luisa S.
Published: November 2018

Congenital obstructive nephropathy is a major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. The contribution of changes in the identity of renal cells to the pathology of obstructive nephropathy is poorly understood. Using a partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (pUUO) model in genetically modified neonatal mice, we traced the fate of cells derived from the renal stroma, cap mesenchyme, ureteric bud (UB) epithelium, and podocytes using Foxd1Cre, Six2Cre, HoxB7Cre, and Podocyte.Cre mice respectively, crossed with double fluorescent reporter (membrane-targetted tandem dimer Tomato (mT)/membrane-targetted GFP (mG)) mice. Persistent obstruction leads to a significant loss of tubular epithelium, rarefaction of the renal vasculature, and decreased renal blood flow (RBF). In addition, Forkhead Box D1 (Foxd1)-derived pericytes significantly expanded in the interstitial space, acquiring a myofibroblast phenotype. Degeneration of Sine Oculis Homeobox Homolog 2 (Six2) and HoxB7-derived cells resulted in significant loss of glomeruli, nephron tubules, and collecting ducts. Surgical release of obstruction resulted in striking regeneration of tubules, arterioles, interstitium accompanied by an increase in blood flow to the level of sham animals. Contralateral kidneys with remarkable compensatory response to kidney injury showed an increase in density of arteriolar branches. Deciphering the mechanisms involved in kidney repair and regeneration post relief of obstruction has potential therapeutic implications for infants and children and the growing number of adults suffering from CKD.
Comparison of techniques for radiometric identification based on deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Baldini G. , Gentile C. , Giuliani R. , Steri G.
Published: November 2018

The authors investigate the application of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to the problem of radiometric identification, i.e. the task of authenticating wireless devices on the basis of their radio frequency (RF) emissions, which contain features directly related to the physical properties of the wireless devices. They collected digitised RF from 12 wireless devices, and used various techniques to transform the time series derived from the RF to images. A deep CNN is then applied to the images. The authors' results show that the identification performance of the combination of deep CNN with an image representation significantly outperforms conventional methods based on dissimilarity on the original time series. Moreover, a specific comparison among RF‐to‐image techniques show that on their datasets the wavelet‐based approach outperforms other approaches, also in the presence of white Gaussian noise.
Joint SCMA and waveform optimisation for WPDM‐based logging cable telemetry systems under sampling clock offset
Authors: Cui Qian , Shuang Kai
Published: November 2018

This study introduces sparse code multiple access (SCMA) and wavelet packet division multiplexing (WPDM) to logging cable telemetry systems (LCTSs). The authors study the feasibility of SCMA for LCTSs and provide a WPDM‐based system model, as well as the associated optimal waveform design under sampling clock offset (SCO) via a genetic algorithm. The performance advantages of the designed scheme over the conventional WPDM and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) are demonstrated by both analytical and simulation methods. Numerical results show the performance of the SCMA‐based mapping method over quadrature amplitude modulation in terms of improved spectral efficiency. Furthermore, the new scheme outperforms conventional WPDM and OFDM in bit error rate performance and transmission rate under SCO. Such advantages with the flexible design of basis functions make SCMA and WPDM a significant candidate for LCTSs.
Soft‐input bit‐flipping decoding of generalised concatenated codes for application in non‐volatile flash memories
Authors: Rajab Mohammed , Shavgulidze Sergo , Freudenberger Jürgen
Published: November 2018

Error correction coding based on soft‐input decoding can significantly improve the reliability of non‐volatile flash memories. This work proposes a soft‐input decoder for generalised concatenated (GC) codes. GC codes are well suited for error correction in flash memories for high reliability data storage. The authors propose GC codes constructed from inner extended binary Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) codes and outer Reed–Solomon (RS) codes. The extended BCH codes enable an efficient hard‐input decoding. Furthermore, a low‐complexity soft‐input decoding method is proposed. This bit‐flipping decoder uses a fixed number of test patterns and an algebraic decoder for soft‐decoding. An acceptance criterion for the final candidate codeword is proposed. Combined with error and erasure decoding of the outer RS codes, this acceptance criterion can improve the decoding performance and reduce the decoding complexity. The presented simulation results show that the proposed bit‐flipping decoder in combination with outer error and erasure decoding can outperform maximum‐likelihood decoding of the inner codes.
Experimental research on insulation properties of C6F12O/N2 and C6F12O/CO2 gas mixtures
Authors: Tian Shuangshuang , Zhang Xiaoxing , Xiao Song , Deng Zaitao , Li Yi , Tang Ju
Published: November 2018

This study investigates the insulation performance of the new environmental friendly insulation gas C6F12O mixed with N2 and CO2 under the AC frequency voltage under 0.10–0.30 MPa. Firstly, the mixing ratio of C6F12O in the mixed gas is discussed by the gas phase state equation. The breakdown voltage of C6F12O gas mixtures under quasi‐uniform electric field and the initial voltage of partial discharge in the highly non‐uniform field are measured by the experimental method, and the insulation characteristics of SF6 gas mixtures are compared. The self‐recovery performance of the gas mixture is analysed as well. Experimental results show that the mixing ratio of C6F12O is lower than 7% under 0.10 MPa, such that the operation requirements of the equipment can be satisfied. The breakdown voltage of 3% C6F12O gas mixtures is the same as that of 10% SF6 gas mixtures. The partial discharge inception voltage of 6% C6F12O gas mixtures is close to that of 10% SF6 gas mixtures. After 100 times of breakdown, the breakdown voltage of C6F12O gas mixtures does not decrease. Compared with N2, the breakdown voltage of C6F12O mixed with CO2 shows a more dispersive trend.
Effect of load models on angular and frequency stability of low inertia power networks
Authors: Adrees Atia , Milanović Jovica
Published: November 2018

This study presents a thorough analysis of the effect of load models on frequency response, small and large disturbance stability of the power system, in order to identify the type of stability exhibiting most sensitivity to load models, and for each type of studied stability to pinpoint the load model that has the worst effect. The presented analysis shows clearly that transient stability is the most sensitive to load models. The number of unstable cases varies considerably with each type of studied load model. The effect of the load model magnifies with the reduction in headroom of synchronous generators. The results of frequency response of the system following an active power disturbance demonstrate that the influence of constant power loads can be significant if the system is operating with reduced primary frequency response at high load. High integration of renewable energy sources (RES) increases the variation in the damping of electromechanical modes due to increased uncertainties, and a high proportion of induction machines can reduce the damping of inter‐area modes considerably, making a well stable mode unstable for certain operating points. The influence of load models has been illustrated using a 68‐bus system with 30% and 52% penetration of RES.
Robust model for optimal allocation of renewable energy sources, energy storage systems and demand response in distribution systems via information gap decision theory
Authors: Hooshmand Ehsan , Rabiee Abbas
Published: November 2018

Considering increasing distributed energy resources and responsive loads in smart grid paradigm, this study proposes a new approach for robust hourly energy scheduling of distribution systems at the presence of severe uncertain renewable energy sources (RES). Wind and photovoltaic power generations are considered as the RESs. The aim is to minimise the total energy procurement cost, while considering the participation of RESs, by their optimal allocation in the network. The inherent uncertainty of RESs is handled via information gap decision theory. One of the features of the proposed model is to consider the impact of demand response and energy storage system as the effective tools to reduce unintended costs due to uncertainty of RESs. Also, the proposed model handles the uncertainty of multiple RESs in a way that maximum tolerable uncertainty of RESs is achieved for a given worsening of total energy procurement cost. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear optimisation problem and is implemented in general algebraic modelling system environment. The model is applied on the IEEE standard 33‐bus radial test system, and the obtained results substantiate that the utilisation of ESS and DR can reduce the impact of RESs' uncertainty on the energy cost.
Asynchronous fault location scheme for half‐wavelength transmission lines based on propagation characteristics of voltage travelling waves
Authors: Nan Peng , Menghan Cheng , Rui Liang , Zare Firuz
Published: November 2018

Due to prominent attenuation of travelling waves, double‐end fault location method produces considerable errors when applied to ultra‐high voltage AC half‐wavelength transmission (UAHT) lines. In order to address this problem, this study presents a novel fault location scheme based on the attenuation, refraction and reflection principles of aerial‐mode voltage travelling waves (AVTWs). In the scheme, the faulted section of an UAHT line is first determined according to the accumulated amplitude ratio of the pre‐determined frequency components of AVTWs asynchronously sampled at both terminals of the line. Then, the Teager energy of the first two wavefronts of the AVTW – measured at the terminal in the faulted section – is used to define two factors for selecting the appropriate accurate fault location method. Finally, the single‐end travelling wave method is adopted for locating the faults near the line terminal. The presented double‐end method utilises the amplitude ratio of AVTWs to locate the faults far from the line terminal. A 1000 kV UAHT line model is considered with various fault conditions in PSCAD/EMTDC simulations. The simulation results and analysis demonstrate that the proposed fault location scheme is accurate and immune to fault distances, fault types, fault impedances and fault inception angles.
Robust subsynchronous damping control to stabilise SSR in series‐compensated wind power systems
Authors: Zhang Xu , Xie Xiaorong , Liu Hui , Li Yunhong
Published: November 2018

This study presents a robust subsynchronous damping control (RSDC) to mitigate the subsynchronous resonance (SSR) in a practical wind power system with series capacitor compensations. Firstly, the configuration of the RSDC including the subsynchronous damping calculator and the subharmonic voltage source converter is proposed. Then, the impedance‐based network model for the whole system is established and the stability criteria is introduced. Thirdly, to increase the robustness of the proposed controller, its parameters are optimised for the varying operation conditions. Finally, the RTDS‐based hardware‐in‐loop tests with the physically implemented RSDC have fully demonstrated its effectiveness in stabilising SSR under different operation conditions and disturbing scenarios, including the switch‐on of series capacitors, ramp‐down of wind speed and the variation in the number of online wind turbine generators.
Multi‐GRU prediction system for electricity generation's planning and operation
Authors: Li Weixian , Logenthiran Thillainathan , Woo Wai Lok
Published: November 2018

Electricity generation's planning and operation have been key factors for any economic development in the power industries but it can only be achieved if the generation was accurately forecasted. This made forecasting systems essential to planning and operation in the electricity market. In this study, a novel system called multi‐GRU (gated recurrent unit) prediction system was developed based on GRU models. It has four level of prediction process which consists of data collection and pre‐processed module, multi‐features input model, multi‐GRU forecast model and mean absolute percentage error. The data collection and pre‐processed module collect and reorganise the real‐time data using the window method. Multi‐features input model uses single input feeding method, double input feeding method, and multiple feeding method for features input to the multi‐GRU forecast model. Multi‐GRU forecast model integrates GRU variation such as regression model, regression with time steps model, memory between batches model, and stacked model to predict the future electricity generation and uses mean absolute percentage error to evaluate the prediction accuracy. The proposed systems achieved high accuracy prediction results for electricity generation.
Distributed multi‐area load flow for multi‐microgrid systems
Authors: Zheng Weiye , Wu Wenchuan
Published: November 2018

Due to deregulation of distribution network investment businesses, geographically divided microgrids may be owned and operated by different entities. In this study, distributed multi‐area load flow (LF) calculation method that can preserve the operational independence of each entity is necessary. However, conventional fixed‐point iteration‐based distributed LF (DLF) algorithm may encounter convergence problems in active distribution networks integrated with high penetration of distributed generators (DGs). In this work, the authors propose a more general and novel DLF algorithm to better accommodate the integration of DGs. In this algorithm, the original non‐convex LF model for multi‐microgrid systems is convexified into a second‐order conic LF problem and then decomposed into a regional LF subproblem using a modified alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). The conventional ADMM is enhanced by asymmetric decomposition and partial boundary penalty relaxation with regard to the specific LF problem structure to accelerate the convergence procedure. Numerical tests on an IEEE 69‐bus distribution system and a 345‐bus system show that the proposed method outperforms the fixed‐point iteration‐based DLF method.
Fast active learning for hyperspectral image classification using extreme learning machine
Authors: Pradhan Monoj K. , Minz Sonajharia , Shrivastava Vimal K.
Published: November 2018

Owing to undulating and complexity of the earth's surface, obtaining the training samples for remote sensing data is time‐consuming and expensive. Therefore, it is highly desirable to design a model that uses as few labelled samples as possible and reducing the computational time. Several active learning (AL) algorithms have been proposed in the literature for the classification of hyperspectral images (HSIs). However, its performance in terms of computational time has not been focused yet. Here, the authors have proposed AL approach based on extreme learning machine (ELM) that effectively decreases the computational time while maintaining the classification accuracy. Further, the effectiveness of the proposed approach has been depicted by comparing its performance with state‐of‐the‐art AL algorithms in terms of classification accuracy and computational time as well. The ELM‐based AL with different query strategies were conducted on two HSI data sets. The proposed approach achieves the classification accuracy up to 90% which is comparable to support vector machine‐based AL approach but effectively reduces the computational time significantly by 1000 times. Thus, the proposed system shows the encouraging results with adequate classification accuracy while reducing the computation time drastically.
LC–CLC compensation topology for capacitive power transfer system to improve misalignment performance
Authors: Luo Bo , Mai Ruikun , Guo Limou , Wu Dong , He Zhengyou
Published: November 2018

To improve the coupler misalignment performance, this study proposes an LC–CLC compensation topology for high‐power and long‐distance capacitive power transfer system. The LC circuit in the transmitter and the CLC circuit in the receiver are adopted as the resonant tank for the capacitive coupler. The fundamental harmonics approximation method is employed to analyse the system working principle. Considering the misalignment of coupler, the characteristic of output power is provided against the variation of coupler capacitance. A 1 kW CPT system with 150 mm transfer distance is set up to validate the proposed compensation circuit under various misalignment conditions. The experiment results show that the system can transfer 1009 W output power with 90.56% DC–DC efficiency at 150 mm transfer distance when the coupler is well aligned. When the misalignment is 325 mm, the variation of the output power is only 10.6% in X‐direction and 15.2% in Y‐direction. The proposed system can achieve high anti‐misalignment performance.