bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of pedagogical conditions for the development of logical thinking of future primary school teachers in professional training
Authors: Hryhorchuk T. V.
Published: December 2024

The author's research proposes a model of development of logical thinking of future primary school teachers in their professional training. The pedagogical experiment concerning the development of logical thinking of future primary school teachers in professional training is described. The pedagogical conditions for the effective development of logical thinking are formulated and substantiated: the use of active learning methods and game modeling in the professional training of future primary school teachers, the organization of independent activities of future primary school teachers to develop their logical thinking, the use of tasks for the development of logical thinking of future teachers in the process of professional training. The system for assessing the levels of development of future primary school teachers' logical thinking is characterized and the results of a pedagogical experiment are presented. To determine the level of development of logical thinking according to the motivational criterion, the indicators of knowledge and skills of future primary school teachers, revealed during classroom classes and independent work in academic disciplines, the study of which is aimed at forming a general understanding of work in primary school, impressions of future professional activity, were used. To determine the level of development of future primary school teachers' logical thinking according to the cognitive criterion, the results of students' performance in the disciplines whose main task is to perceive theoretical knowledge about future professional activity, planning and organization of the educational process, methods of primary school students' development were used. The basis for the diagnostics according to the activity criterion was the performance of future primary school teachers in the subjects “Computer-oriented learning technologies”, “Technologies of distance education in primary school”, pedagogical practice in general secondary education institutions, coursework, writing a diploma (qualification) work and a comprehensive exam on pedagogy and methods of forming the competencies of students. The results of the experiment revealed a significant increase in the average qualitative indicator of logical development, which indicates the effectiveness of the use of the obtained scientific results and gives the right to recommend their use in the educational process at universities.
Theoretical foundations of spiritual and intellectual upbringing and teaching
Authors: Babenko І. V.
Published: December 2024

Modern education, working primarily for the future of the country, is designed to ensure national identity and, therefore, the mission of guiding the school's worldview into the bosom of culture, morality, and spirituality. In this context, values are the determinants that not only integrate society but also influence the challenges of globalization facing humanity. The article is devoted to defining the theoretical foundations of spiritual and intellectual upbringing and teaching. Spiritual development is determined by a person's knowledge of the spiritual world, i.e. education, science, art, religion, morality and the elements that make up the spiritual culture of mankind. Spiritual development determines the further growth of a person, supports mental and physical development, and determines the purpose of life. It has been found that spiritual culture creates a special world of values that shape and satisfy our intellectual and emotional needs: basic human values (the value of life, consciousness, action, suffering, power, free will, strength, predictability, and the meaning of life) and all other interrelated moral values Virtues (justice, wisdom, courage, self-control, love of neighbor, loyalty, devotion, kindness, compassion, fidelity and trust, humility and modesty, kindness towards others); specific moral values (love of neighbor, ability to give spiritual wealth to others, personal value, love of the ideal value of others). The main criteria for the development of spiritual values of students are revealed: motivational (focus on spiritual development, attitude to spiritual values, recognition of the importance of spiritual values as determinants of personal behavior); cognitive (knowledge and understanding of spirituality and values, knowledge of the nature and structure of social and personal spiritual values); activity-practical (ability to be guided by spiritual values when assessing one's own behavior and the behavior of others, ability to actively and consciously participate in creative activity). The spiritual development of a person reflects the essence of life, its meaning and purpose. It integrates the best aspects of a person and shapes his or her personality. Values are the condition and basis of education, which is necessary for the formation of a person and society that values morality, ethics and the common good in professional activities and everyday life.
Nuevos palacios
Authors: Rimbaud Tatiana
Published: December 2024

Uruguay underwent a huge transformation process around 1900 that placed it as a modern, thriving and independent nation within the great world panorama. The architectural works produced in the country at that time were used as a demonstration of greatness, abundance and progress by advertising publications sent to Europe in order to attract potential visitors and settlers. This work addresses - through the look at the buildings portrayed in these publications - the role of architecture in the process of formation and consolidation of the republic. The analysis of the incorporation of these images is crossed by the conceptions of national identity, closely related to the modernization processes of the beginning of the 20th century. It is proposed to reflect on how the visuality of the architecture produced in that period - executed by the first professionals trained in the country - collaborated in the processes of national identification.
Reassessing the Impact of FDI and Trade Openness on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Malaysia: An Environmental Kuznets Curve Approach
Authors: Muhammad Asim Imam  , Muhammad Adeel Abbas  , Dr. Tabassum Riaz  , Ume Salma Shafiq
Published: December 2024

Under the scope of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, this study undertakes an empirical investigation of the different dimensions influencing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in Malaysia, including economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), trade openness (TO), and urbanization (URB), for the period from 2000 to 2022. The present study employs an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to evaluate the short- and long-run relationships between the respective variables and the hidden environmental effects of growth in Malaysia. Existing studies favour the EKC theory, which reveals a U-shaped GDP-CO₂ emissions nexus, indicating that emissions fall whilst growth stays minimal, and rise whilst earnings improve. Urbanization is proven to be the key contributor towards the growth of CO₂ emissions which signifies the environmental burden of Malaya's massive urbanization development. FDI and TON contribute to emissions: FDI has a negative impact on emissions in both the short and the long term, while TON demonstrates a significant impact only in the long term. The results of this study can be useful for Malaysia in designing economically guided sustainable development strategies that do not undermine the environment.
Review of Factors Affecting Purchasing Power and Investment in Property: A Comparative Study between Indonesia and Neighboring Countries
Authors: Kusumastuti Endah , Kusmalinda Thania , Nugraha Yudistira , Albart Nicko
Published: December 2024

The disparity in purchasing power and investment in the property sector between Indonesia and neighboring countries has attracted attention in recent years. Various aspects, both macroeconomics and socio-demographics, play a role in creating the dynamics of the property market in each country. This research explores how these factors - including inflation, interest rates, national incomes, and public policies - contribute to purchasing power parity and investment patterns in property. Through the systematic literature review (SLR) approach with 12 articles reviewed. The findings show that Indonesia faces challenges of limited access to credit, unbalanced income growth, while neighboring countries such as Singapore and Malaysia followed by Thailand and Vietnam are able to encourage stronger investment with more stable and investment-friendly economic policies. Hence, the results of this study suggest that Indonesia should adopt some best practices from neighboring countries to increase purchasing power parity and investment in the property sector in a sustainable manner.
Development and Implementation of a Multicultural-Based Learning Model to Enhance Understanding of Cultural Diversity
Authors: Djafar Nurlia , Djafri Novianty
Published: December 2024

This research aims to develop and implement an effective multicultural-based learning model to enhance the understanding of cultural diversity among students of the Department of Dance and Theater, Faculty of Arts and Culture, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo in the course of Indonesian Dance. In the era of globalization, understanding cultural diversity becomes important to build tolerance and appreciation for differences. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a classroom action research design involving 30 students. The research procedure consists of the preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages, which include the use of questionnaires, interviews, and observations to collect data. The research results show that the implementation of a multicultural-based learning model significantly enhances students’ understanding of cultural diversity, as evidenced by the increase in questionnaire scores and active student participation during the learning process. This research concludes that this learning model can be an effective strategy in teaching cultural diversity through dance, as well as making a positive contribution to the development of the curriculum in the Performing Arts department.
Revealing The Impact of ERM and ESG Disclosures on The Performance of Non-Financial Public Companies in Indonesia: An Empirical Study From 2017-2022
Authors: Junaidi Wakhid , Hanggraeni Dewi
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) disclosure on working capital efficiency, profitability, and firm value of non-financial public companies in Indonesia during the period 2017-2022. Additionally, it examines the moderating role of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure on the relationship between ERM disclosure and these three variables. The research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing secondary data from companies' annual reports. Working Capital Turnover (WCT) measures efficiency, profitability is assessed by Return on Assets (ROA), and firm value is evaluated using Tobin’s Q ratio. ERM and ESG disclosures are assessed based on the COSO ERM 2017 framework and GRI Standards, respectively. The findings reveal that ERM disclosure has a significant positive impact on firm value but shows no significant effect on working capital efficiency and profitability. Furthermore, ESG disclosure positively moderates the relationship between ERM disclosure and firm value, highlighting the synergistic benefits of integrating robust ERM practices with comprehensive ESG disclosures. This study underscores the necessity for companies to enhance the quality of their risk management and ESG-related disclosures to improve financial performance and corporate value. By providing empirical evidence on the benefits of ERM and ESG disclosures, this research contributes to the literature and offers practical implications for non-financial public companies in Indonesia.
Enhancing Energy Efficiency & Productivity With Solar Cells For Wifi Operations In Mining Are-as Pt Antareja Mahada Makmur Jobsite Mifa Ber-saudara (2024)
Authors: Dananjaya Rahmad , Weldam Alfons , Biopatra Anjasmara , Batubara Haris
Published: December 2024

This improvement aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of solar cell systems in improving energy efficiency and WiFi network productivity in coal mining environments. The research method involves the installation of solar cell systems and the measurement of energy performance and productivity before and after implementation. The implementation of solar cell systems on WiFi networks in mining environments can improve energy efficiency and productivity. This study aims to analyze the influence of the implementation of solar cell systems on fossil energy use and environmental impact. The results show that the implementation of the solar cell system can reduce the use of fossil energy by 75% and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 60%. The implementation of the solar cell system can also increase productivity by 25%. Therefore, the implementation of a solar cell system on a WiFi network in a mining operational environment is highly recommended. The results showed a significant improvement in the energy efficiency and stability of the WiFi network, which had a positive impact on operational productivity. The results of the study show that the use of solar cells can significantly reduce the consumption of electricity/fossil energy, as well as increase the availability of WiFi networks to support PT AMM's operational support activities. The implication of this study is the great potential of the use of solar energy to improve operational efficiency and reduce environmental impact.
Evaluation of The Policy Implementation of The Appointment of Honorary Teachers to Become State Civil Servants with Work Agreements in Jember District
Authors: Purnamasidi Muhamad Nur , Sisbintari Ika , Wahyudi Eddy
Published: December 2024

Government Minister No. 49 of 2018 concerning the Management of Government Employees with Work Agreements (GEWA) explained that government agencies must arrange the needs of the number and type of GEWA positions based on position analysis and workload. problems with the availability of teachers in Jember Regency, especially at SMA/SMK, include a growing number of honorary teachers because many have opened their retirement period, honorary teachers are uneven and there are still non-linear in submitting study offers, supplements, and education. The Jember Regency Government has prepared 26% of the formation for Teachers in the Implementation of Appointment of Civil Servants of GEWA that is adjusted to the employee burden of 30% of the APBD. Data from BKSDM of Jember Regency recorded that the number of honorary teachers for elementary to high school/high school levels in the sub-district was around 2,787 people. and is not comparable to the 26% quota of teacher formations in the education district of Civil Servant PPK Students in Indonesia. Research results show that unsuitable and unfulfilled include effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy and equalization. Meanwhile, the other 2 dimensions including responsiveness and accuracy are appropriate and fulfilled.
The Role of Employee Engagement in Mediating Perceived Organizational Support and Employee Development on Work Motivation
Authors: Syahdi Muhammad Girindra , Widhiastuti Hardani , Dewi Rusmalia
Published: December 2024

This study was motivated by the problems of employees at PT. X who experienced fluctuating work motivation, lack of perceived organizational support, lack of employee engagement, especially in decision-making, but indirectly in terms of employee development that has been implemented, it has led to an increase in work motivation due to the absence of employee development programs to improve employee work motivation. This study aims to examine the relationship between perceived organizational support and employee development with work motivation through employee engagement as an intervening variable at PT. X. The method used in this study was a quantitative method with an explanatory research approach. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The sample in this study consisted of 164 contract employees at PT. X. The data analysis technique used was path analysis with Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that all hypotheses were accepted. Perceived organizational support and employee development have a positive effect on work motivation (t-statistic value > 1.96 and p-value < 0.05). Employee engagement is proven to strengthen the influence of perceived organizational support and employee development on work motivation (t-statistic value > 1.96 and p-value < 0.05). The conclusion of this study is that perceived organizational support and employee development have a positive relationship with employee work motivation through employee engagement as an intervening variable.
From Ratings to Results: How Feedback Orientation Bridges Rater Behavior and Job Performance
Authors: Muhammad Aamir  , Malik Ikramullah
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the effects of raters’ effective performance management behaviors on ratee job performance, with feedback orientation mediating this relationship. Grounded in social exchange theory, this dyadic study collected data from 301 rater-ratee dyads in the telecom sector Islamabad using a purposive sample and time-lag design. Self-administered questionnaires were used to gather data from both raters and ratees at two separate time points (Time 1 and Time 2). The data were analyzed using MPlus software, revealing that effective rater performance management behaviors positively impact ratee job performance. Feedback orientation emerged as significant mediators highlighting the importance of feedback processes in enhancing ratee performance. This study contributes to the existing literature by elucidating the complex dynamics of rater performance management behaviors, and feedback processes, providing valuable insights for organizations seeking to develop targeted interventions and improve rateeperformance. The findings suggest that organizations should prioritize training rater to effectively manage performance and foster open feedback cultures.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI IN UTI PATIENTS OF DISTRICT D.I.KHAN AND TO PROBE THEIR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Authors: Shakeeb Ullah  , Tooba Ali  , Syed M. Raihan Dilshad  , Amjad Hussain  , Adamu Abdul Abubaka  , Muhammad Fayyaz ul Hussan  , Muhammad Mutee us Salam  , Zulqarnain Saleem  , Kamran Safdar  , Farheen Bhatti  , Muhammad Shuaib Khan
Published: December 2024

Background: Globally urinary tract infections are present predominantly and mostly UTIs are present or noticed in the developing countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh etc. There are multiple factors in spread of UTIs like microbes, taking certain medicines, sexual activities, poor hygiene, not taking enough water etc. Objectives: The prevalence of UTIs and development of resistance against the antibiotics is due to unjustified use of antibiotics. Methodology: We performed a study in a remount area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa i,e Dera Ismail Khan. We conducted a research study consist of a three months duration. Hundred (100) urine samples were collected from the patients who visited District Head Quarter (DHQ) teaching hospital Dera Ismail Khan. Patients having different age groups were included in study, Results: After processing samples, the number of samples having E.coli i,e positive samples were 73 in number, which were confirmed on the basis of different tests. The prevalence of UTIs due to E. coli organism was noticed increased in female patients (69 %) as compared to male patients and its prevalence was 31%.When the isolated E. coli strain were tested against different antibiotics, showed that those strains which were isolated from urine samples of the male patients of age group 61 to 80 years showed higher sensitivity against PTZ, NF, FOS, AK, IMP, and SCF, while in female high rate of sensitivity against PTZ, NF, FOS, AK, IMP, and SCF antibiotics was observed against E. coli strains which were isolated from the patients having age from 21 to 40 years Likewise E.coli isolates were sensitive against Imipenem, Peracillin + Tazobactam, Cefoperazone + sulbactam, Fosfomycin, Amikacin, Nitrofurantoin, Peracillin and Tambactam irrespective of age of the patients from which bacteria were isolated. Conclusion: Furthermore, present study also revealed, that the E. coli has developed resistance against commonly used antibiotics which is a serious concern to worry about and serious steps should be taken by the authorities to stop frequent use of antibiotics without proper prescription to avoid this issue.
Countering migrant smuggling in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Marković Saša
Published: December 2024

The subject of this paper is the suppression of migrant smuggling in Serbia and the analysis of the first qualified form of the criminal offense of human smuggling under Article 350, paragraph 3 of the Criminal Code, with a particular focus on the sentencing policy of the courts. Irregular migrations and human smuggling throughout the territory of Serbia via the Western Balkan migration route to the European Union countries have been ongoing since 2014. A stricter legislative sentencing policy for human smuggling in Serbia has been applied since June 1, 2017. Courts do not have the ability to reduce the minimum prescribed sentence of 2 years of imprisonment for this form of human smuggling and there is a mandatory legal obligation to confiscate the means used for smuggling, which is most frequently a motor vehicle. Considering that, for human smuggling, when the offense is committed by a group, through abuse of official position, in a manner that endangers the life or health of individuals or involves smuggling a large number of people, the maximum prescribed sentence is 12 years of imprisonment, a conditional sentence cannot be imposed, and only a prison sentence can be given, even for an attempted offense. Before the tightening of the sentencing policy, the court could replace the minimum prescribed prison sentence of one year with house arrest. Data from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, which pertains to the entire territory of Serbia and to four statistical regions individually, as well as data from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and judgments from the Higher Court in Subotica, which is responsible for the North Bačka Administrative District where there was the highest concentration of irregular migrants leaving Serbia on the way to the European Union countries, were analyzed using statistical methods, content analysis, comparative analysis, and formallogical analysis. The research conducted pertains to the period from 2018 to 2023. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the research and to determine if changes in police strategy for combating this type of crime have an impact on the state of criminality in the field of human smuggling.
The dilemmas of criminal intelligence analysis
Authors: Németh Ágota , Vari Vince
Published: December 2024

The authors in the paper examine the biases and errors that can arise in criminal analysis using human power and artificial intelligence and their impact on the final product of the analysis process. Also, the authors research the international literature on forensic analysis to determine how artificial intelligence can be used in addition to extensive data analysis to perform analytical tasks in evidence gathering in the form of mass data. There may be forensic and human analytics analysis errors, mainly related to the subject. These errors are also valid for AI analysis, where human power is also present, from the algorithms' design to the analysis's end. The subject's topicality is unquestionable, as we are faced with an everincreasing amount of information that is almost impossible to process using human power.
Economic theory of deterrence: Some basic issues
Authors: Begović Boris
Published: December 2024

The aim of the paper is to review some basic issues of the economic theory of deterrence (general prevention), using economic methods and based on the contributions in the economic theory of crime. The analysis is focused to the optimal level of deterrence and optimal composition of the deterrence components: the punishment stipulated by law and probability that this punishment will be enforced. It was demonstrated that the optimal level of deterrence is always lower than the maximum one due to its social cost, i.e. the costs of the punishment itself and costs of its enforcement, including the costs of detection of the culprit and the costs of judicial process that leads towards punishment enforcement. Due to the difference in costs function of the punishment itself and the probability of its enforcement, taking into account that the social costs of fine are negligible, optimal composition of the deterrence components is based on the maximum fine. The fine is the most efficient punishment from the economic point of view since its social costs are negligible, because it is only a welfare transfer: decrease of the culprit welfare is compensated by the increase of welfare of users of the budgetary funds or/and tax payers. The concept of the maximum fine is based on the individualized punishment and the amount of the maximum fine depends only on the culprits' wealth: all the wealth should be expropriated. There are both theoretical (the possibility of "overdeterrence" and zero marginal punishment, since probability of the punishment enforcement cannot be differentiated between the crimes, as well as the possibility of the predatory behavior of the state, i.e. maximization of budgetary revenues as a goal rather than deterrence) and practical obstacles (the concept of human right, built into constitutional constraints to punishment, as well as limited, i.e. insufficient wealth of the culprits) to the enforcement of the maximum fine as the optimal one. Modification of that optimum is based on the consideration of the marginal punishment (fine), causality link between the magnitude of punishment and the probability of its enforcement (increased magnitude leads to the decreased probability of the sentencing), possibility of introduction of the prison sentence supplementary to the fine if the culprit's wealth is too small, as well as relaxing the assumption about risk neutrality, presuming that rational individuals have aversion towards risk. If rational individual has aversion towards risk, increase in the probability of the punishment is more effective than the increase in magnitude of the punishment. It was demonstrated that, if the elasticity coefficient of expected punishment to its magnitude is bigger than one and if the potential culprits are risk averse, the optimal fine is smaller than the maximum one.
Issues of criminal transmission of HIV
Authors: Vuković Igor
Published: December 2024

Unlike many other countries, which apply existing criminal law offences to conduct that transmits HIV or risks transmission, Serbia enacted legislation that specifically prohibits and penalizes transmission of HIV as an offence against public health. Under Serbian law (according to Art. 250 of the Serbian Criminal Code), a person who knowingly endangers another person with infection by HIV virus may be guilty of a crime. The first issue this article addresses comes from the fact that this crime involves sexual act as an activity to which the participants are usually consenting. The author holds the position that a person engaging in sex does not need to know the seropositive status of the sexual partner, i. e. that the infected person does not have the obligation to disclose it's HIV infection. However, if the infected person does not reveal it's HIV-positive status, it should take some precautions to reduce the risk of transmission, usually by practicing safer sex. Only by such responsible act, infected person could avoid criminal liability. On the other hand, in contrast to other European penal codes, Serbian Criminal Code criminalizes not only the awareness of the risk of transmission (punished by imprisonment up to two years), but also the very transmission of HIV infection to another person, knowingly (punished by imprisonment of two to twelve years) or by (unconscious) negligence (punished by imprisonment up to three years). Such distinction raises questions on the matter of differentiation of the endangerment and attempted transmission, as well as the requisite mental culpability. Resolving these problems demands taking into account two important facts: low risk of HIV transmission through unprotected (vaginal, oral or anal) sex on one side and high mortality followed by long progression of the disease after the infection on the other side. The author studies different theories on distinguishing between dolus eventualis and conscious negligence (with an emphasis on the theory of acceptance of the consequences as the theory adopted by Serbian courts) and their applicability on transmission of HIV. The paper puts current criminal code provisions under analysis, emphasizing issues of attempted transmission and distinction between intended and negligent crime.
Foreign trade exchange of agricultural and food products of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Puškarić Anton , Kuzman Boris , Papić-Blagojević Nataša
Published: December 2024

The aim of the paper is to analyze the trends and structure of foreign trade in agricultural and food products between the Republic of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, classified according to the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). The analysis covers section 0-Food and live animals, section 1-Beverages and tobacco, parts of section 2-Crude materials, and section 4-Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes. The research is based on available data for the period 2019-2023. The share of individual products in total exports and imports was examined using frequency analysis and variation intervals. In the exchange of agricultural and food products with Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Serbia achieved an average surplus of 442.4 million USD during the analyzed period. By commodity division, the largest surplus was seen in the exchange of cereals and cereal preparations, averaging 116.5 million USD, while the largest trade deficit was observed in the exchange of fish and processed products, averaging 5.2 million USD. The authors concluded that good export results were achieved during the observed period, with a growth rate of 6.20%.
Joint investments of the real economy and healthcare institutions in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Čolović Mrđan , Đuranović-Miličić Jadranka , Gligović Dejan , Arnautović Ivan , Nastić Sanda , Popović Slobodan
Published: December 2024

The study presents the importance of joint financial investment between two forms of organizing the economy, more precisely between the real economy and healthcare with the aim of improving both business and the provision of health services to the population. The aim of the work was to reveal the existence of a difference in the total income generated on the basis of a joint financial investment in such a business. The work was done because there was a need for practical research that would clearly show the existence of differences regarding the formation of profits of two different organizations of economic activities. The basic results reached by the authors in this paper indicate that it is possible to predict the formation of total profit based on total income and total costs in the business of real economy companies on the one hand, and on the other hand that predicting future profit is even more reliable in the business of health institutions that are opted for joint financial investments with companies from the real economy.
Efficiency of internal controls in financial managament: A review from the audit perspective
Authors: Anačkov Darko
Published: December 2024

The effectiveness of internal controls in financial management is crucial for ensuring the integrity, accuracy, and legality of financial transactions and reports. From an audit perspective, the internal control system is analyzed to determine whether it is designed and operated in a manner that reduces risk and helps achieve business objectives. The development of auditing and internal control has evolved through numerous historical and economic changes, emphasizing the fundamental goal of establishing clear financial oversight. Consequently, this study explores the managerial impacts facilitated by internal control, focusing on the intrinsic role of audit as a component of financial oversight.
The role and importance good business negotiation skills for modern managers
Authors: Cvetković Filip , Kovačević S.Maja , Stanković Aleksandar , Andrejević Dejan , Filev Mihajlo
Published: December 2024

Negotiating represents a skill that is present in every aspect of life, whether it is everyday negotiations over simple matters, or business negotiations, which are the primary focus of this paper. Negotiation always occurs between two interested parties. This skill has existed as long as humankind, but it has never been as important as it is today. Trade gave rise to the phenomenon of negotiation, which, in ancient times, replaced violent seizure and theft. Today, business negotiation is a highly valued skill. Not every negotiator possesses a natural talent for negotiation, which is why many researchers have dedicated themselves to studying this skill, developing a wide range of theoretical frameworks to help people learn and refine their negotiation abilities. These foundational principles are the subject of this paper, along with the main elements of business negotiation, the characteristics of a successful negotiator, and numerous recommendations for honing business communication and negotiation skills. The aim of this research is to highlight the significance of the manager's role and to demonstrate that effective business negotiation requires knowledge, precision, and the ability to assess psychological factors.
The role of correctional institutions in environmental protection
Authors: Batrićević Ana
Published: December 2024

For decades, the greening of correctional institutions has contributed to the humanization of living and working conditions for both persons deprived of liberty and staff in prisons worldwide. The participation of convicted persons in various programs related to the greening of prisons, as well as areas outside them - such as planting trees, flowers, fruits, and vegetables - is extremely beneficial and has several aspects. It can be viewed as a form of work for convicted persons but also as part of their education, as they acquire knowledge, skills, and certifications that facilitate employment after serving their sentences. The greening of correctional institutions also benefits the psycho-physical well-being of convicted persons, aiding in their successful resocialization and making it easier to cope with prison deprivations. Simultaneously, greening enhances and promotes a correct attitude toward the environment in terms of its preservation, sustainable use, and improvement. Given current environmental challenges, it seems justified to prioritize environmental protection in public policies and to include correctional institutions-or continue their inclusion-in various ecological projects. Accordingly, this paper analyzes the theoretical, legal, and practical aspects of the greening of correctional institutions, viewing this greening as a field where penology and ecology intertwine and as a space for implementing innovative resocialization programs.
Animals as objects and subjects of environmental criminal and misdemeanor law, with special reference to dogs
Authors: Vince Vári
Published: December 2024

The protection of animals plays a crucial role in the legal system related to environmental protection. Act C of 2012, effective from July 1, 2013, includes a dedicated chapter on protecting the environment and wildlife. Hungarian regulations on environmental liability encompass civil, administrative, misdemeanor, and criminal liability. This paper aims to present the fundamental legal aspects of protecting animals within environmental law. It focuses on legislation and practical issues falling under penal law, particularly concerning dogs. Environmental law regarding dogs is two-fold. Firstly, it protects animals from abusive behavior, whether physical or mental. Secondly, it involves situations where dogs become a part of environmental law, such as when they are released into public areas without proper supervision. The clear delineation of specific acts poses a challenge for law enforcement, emphasizing the need to clarify the legislative environment and its practical aspects.
Graves' orbitopathy
Authors: Nedeljković-Beleslin Biljana
Published: December 2024

Graves' orbitopathy (GO) represents eye changes that most often occur in patients with autoimmune hyperthyroidism-Graves' disease (GD), although they can also occur much less frequently in euthyroid and hypothyroid patients. About 30% of patients with Graves' disease have GO, while less than 10% develop a more severe form that requires treatment. The choice of treatment should be based on the assessment of clinical activity and severity of GO. Activity represents the degree of inflammation while severity of GO reflects the degree of functional and cosmetic changes. Patients with mild orbitopathy usually recover spontaneously, so therapy is not always necessary. General measures to control risk factors and local treatments are usually sufficient. Treatment of active moderate-to-severe forms of GO still relies in most cases on high-dose systemic-intravenous glucocorticoids as monotherapy or in combination with mycophenolate. Second-line treatments for moderate-to-severe and active GO include the second course of i.v. methylprednisolone; oral prednisone combined with either cyclosporine or azathioprine; orbital radiotherapy combined with i.v. glucocorticoids; teprotumumab; rituximab and tocilizumab. Sight-threatening GO is treated with several high single doses of i.v. methylprednisolone per week and, if unresponsive, with urgent orbital decompression. Rehabilitative surgery (orbital decompression, squint, and eyelid surgery) is indicated for inactive residual GO manifestations.
Clinical manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Sparić Radmila , Zlatar Jelena , Nikolić Luka , Opalić-Palibrk Milica , Radić Lena , Bjekić-Macut Jelica , Ognjanović Sanja , Macut Đuro
Published: December 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome, commonly abbreviated as PCOS, as the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, is a multifaceted disease characterized by various hormonal imbalances and a great degree of variation in its clinical presentation. This, coupled with its etiology and pathogenesis being incompletely understood, results in a broad disease spectrum that is challenging to accurately diagnose and manage. The primary clinical features which PCOS commonly manifests with include hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology, though all three are not necessarily present in all PCOS patients. Hyperandrogenism, manifesting as hirsutism, acne, and male-pattern alopecia, significantly affects both the physical and psychological wellbeing of these patients. Ovulatory dysfunction, presenting as irregular menstrual cycles due to oligo/anovulation, is an important element of PCOS's clinical presentation and leads to the infertility that some of these patients' experience. PCOS is commonly associated with insulin resistance and consequent hyperinsulinemia and metabolic disorders, seen in these patients. Subsequently, women affected with PCOS are at a greater risk of obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, particularly later in life. The rate of mood disorders, namely depression and anxiety, is also increased in this population. The complex nature of this syndrome makes difficulties in patient care, and its chronic nature emphasizes a proactive stance when it comes to treatment, but also a careful assessment of all the elements of the disease.
Reduced ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome risk with Follitropin-d in ovarian stimulation
Authors: Perović Milan , Zečević Nebojša , Bojović-Jović Dragana , Nožić-Zečević Tatjana , Stojsavljević Aleksandar , Nikolić Gorana , Nikolić Ana
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Ovarian stimulation (OS) during assisted reproductive technology (ART) carries the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). The risk is increased in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Recombinant DNA technologies have brought new generations of gonadotropins, such as Follitropin-d. Individualized Follitropin-d dosing, based on patient's body weight (BW) and Anti-Müellerian hormone (AMH), reduces OHSS risk. Aim: To compare the prevalence of OHSS and the efficacy of OS with individualized Follitropin-d and standard dosing with old generation gonadotropins in women with PCOS. Material and methods: Case-control study encompassed 24 women stimulated with individualized Follitropin-d dosing (Study Group) and 48 women with standard old generation gonadotropin dosing (Control Group). The inclusion criterion was PCOS. The exclusion criteria included other causes of infertility. Study participants were matched according to age, BW, AMH, and smoking status. Results: Prevalence of moderate (0% vs. 5.9%) and severe (0% vs. 17.6%) OHSS were significantly lower in Study Group (p=0.009). Duration of OS (9.06±1.53 vs. 10.00±1.13 days, p=0.01) and total gonadotropin dose (1,117.95±234.90 vs. 1,940.33±501.20 IU, p<0.001) were significantly lower in Study group. The number of good quality embryos was significantly higher in Study group (3.33±1.13 vs. 2.20±0.96 embyos, p<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of moderate and severe OHSS is lower in OS with individualized Follitropin-d dosing compared to standard dosing with older generations of gonadotropins. The effectiveness of OS in the study groups did not differ significantly, except for the shorter duration of OS, a lower applied total gonadotropin dose and significantly higher number of good quality embryos, which were recorded in Study group.
Održavanje zaliha zamrznute sveže plazme u Zavodu za transfuziju krvi Vojvodine
Authors: Klašnja Jelena , Bujandrić Nevenka , Gulan Zdravko , Krga-Milanović Mirjana , Budakov-Obradović Zorana , Grujić Jasmina
Published: December 2024

Uvod: Održavanje stabilnih rezervi krvnih komponenti je kompleksan proces, na koje utiče kako adekvatna upotreba krvi, tako i stopa odbačenih jedinica krvi ("stopa rasipanja") kao jedan od najznačajnih indikatora kvaliteta transfuzijske službe. Cilj rada: utvrditi razloge za odbacivanje zamrznute sveže plazme (ZSP) kao i količinu odbačene ZSP u Zavodu za transfuziju krvi Vojvodine (ZZTKV) na osnovu kojih bi mogli da se uvedu protokoli koji će pomoći da se minimizira odbacivanje krvnih komponenti. Materijal i metode: Retrospektivnom studijom je analiziran period od januara do decembra 2021. godine u ZZTKV, najvećem distributeru krvi i krvnih produkata u Vojvodini (za 8 bolničkih banki krvi i 19 bolnica). Relevantni podaci su dobijeni iz informacionog sistema ZZTKV. Statistička analiza podataka je radjena testom Analizeom varijanse (ANOVA) grupisanjem podataka po razlozima odbacivanja jedinica zamrznute sveže plazme (ZSP) i upoređivanjem prosečnih vrednosti za različite kategorije odbacivanja, sa ciljem da utvrdimo da li postoji statistički značajna razlika u prosečnom broju odbačenih jedinica među ovim grupama. Rezultati: Od ukupnog broja prikupljenih jedinica (43073 jedinica krvi) napravljena je 34831 (80,86%) jedinica ZSP. Za terapijsku upotrebu je iskorišćeno 19556/34831 (56,14%), dok je 15275/34831 (43,86%) bilo odbačenih produkata. Glavni razlozi za odbacivanje ZSP bili su: lipemični produkti 8974/34831 (25,76%), tehničke greške 5759/34831 (16,05%), pozitivni rezultati testiranja na transmisivne bolesti 139/34831 (0,40%), istekao rok trajanja 56/34831 (0,16%) i ostali razlozi 403/34831 (1,16%). Zaključak: Zavod za transfuziju krvi Vojvodine je 2021. godine napravio 34831 (80,86%) jedinicu zamrznute sveže plazme ZSP. Za terapijsku upotrebu je iskorišćeno samo 56,14%, dok je ostalih 43,86% odbačeno, najviše zbog lipemičnih produkata (25,76%). Odbačene lipemične plazme 8974 produkata su činile više od pola (58,75%) odbačenih produkata ZSP. Glavni razlog povećanog broja donacija lipemične plazme predstavlja činjenica da se u Vojvodini konzumira tradicionalna hrana bogata masnoćama a učestvuje i genetski faktor za hiperlipoproteinemije. Edukacija davalaca krvi može da podstakne da se stvore zdravije navike ishrane. Smanjen broj tehničkih greški može se postići boljom opremom (centrifuge, separatori), kao i pažljivim rukovanjem napravljenim produktima krvi.
Urinarne infekcije i mikrobiološka dijagnostika
Authors: Urošević Ivica
Published: December 2024

Urinarne infekcije su među najčešćim bakterijskim infekcijama, obuhvatajući cistitis i pijelonefritis. Dijagnoza se postavlja na osnovu kliničkih simptoma kao što su disurija, učestalo mokrenje, bol u donjem delu stomaka i analize urina putem specifičnih laboratorijskih markere kao što su leukociti, nitriti, proteinurija, bakteriurija i urinokulture. Koriste se tri tehnike uzorkovanja urina: tehnika srednjeg mlaza, suprapubična punkcija i uzimanje uzorka preko katetera. Važno je pravilno uzimanje uzorka kod pacijenata sa urinarnim kateterima (čest izvor kontaminacije) i trudnica kao i pravilno skladištenje uzorka pre analize kako bi se izbegli lažno pozitivni ili negativni rezultati. U mikrobiološkim laboratorijama se koriste automatizovani sistemi i klasične tehnike za obradu urina, a broj bakterijskih kolonija je od presudnog dijagnostičkog značaja. Bakterije u urinarni trakt mogu ući ushodnim, hematogenim ili limfatičnim putem, a urinarne infekcije su češće kod žena i određenih rizičnih grupa. Normalnu bakterijsku floru oko otvora urete čini najvećim delom Staphylococcus epidermidis. Urinarni kateteri su jedan od čestih uzroka urinarnih infekcija i to bakterijama E.coli, enterokok, stafilokok i gljivicama roda kandida. Trudnice i pacijenti sa transplantacijom bubrega imaju povećan rizik od ovih infekcija, kao i pacijenti sa kateterima. Prisustvo bakterija u urinu kod dece može ukazivati na povećan rizik od urinarnih infekcija kasnije u životu. Urinarne infekcije mogu biti simptomatske ili asimptomatske, a kod komplikovanih infekcija potrebno je pažljivo lečenje. Infekcije izazvane bolničkim sojevima bakterija često su otporne na antibiotike, što zahteva pažljivu dijagnozu i lečenje. ZAKLjUČAK: Dijagnoza urinarnih infekcija se oslanja na simptome i analizu urina, a tri tehnike uzorkovanja urina uključuju tehniku srednjeg mlaza, suprapubičnu punkciju i uzimanje uzorka preko katetera .U mikrobiološkim laboratorijama se koriste automatizovani sistemi i klasične tehnike za obradu urina, a broj bakterijskih kolonija je od presudnog dijagnostičkog značaja. Cilj je izbor adekvatnog antibiotika, koji će imati baktericidno dejstvo na izolovanu bakteriju i sprečavanje upotrebe antibiotika na koje su bakterije urođeno ili stečeno rezistentne.