bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyimides based on aromatic diisocyanates containing pendent flexible alkoxy chains and aromatic dianhydrides: Synthesis, characterization, and liquid‐crystal alignment properties
Authors: Sarkar Anjana , Halhalli Mahadeo R. , Kulkarni Arun D. , Wadgaonkar Prakash P.
Published: January 2009

Four new aromatic diisocyanates containing pendent flexible alkoxy chains, namely, 5‐butyloxy‐1,3‐phenylenediisocyanate, 5‐octyloxy‐1,3‐phenylenediisocyanate, 5‐dodecyloxy‐1,3‐phenylenediisocyanate, and 5‐hexadecyloxy‐1,3‐phenylenediisocyanate, were synthesized by Curtius rearrangement of the corresponding 5‐alkoxy‐1,3‐phenylene diacylazides. These diisocyanates were each polycondensed with three commercially available aromatic dianhydrides: 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride, 3,3′,4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride, and 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride—in benzonitrile in the presence of 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane as a catalyst to obtain a series of polyimides with inherent viscosities in the range 0.16–0.43 dL/g. Except for 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride based polyimides, all of the polyimides were found to be soluble in dichloromethane, m‐cresol, 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone, tetrachloroethane, and pyridine either at room temperature or on heating and could be cast into tough, flexible, transparent films from a solution in m‐cresol or tetrachloroethane. X‐ray diffractograms revealed that the polyimides with longer alkoxy chains had layered structures. The glass‐transition temperature of the polyimides containing pendent flexible alkoxy chains were in the range 159–246°C as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. The temperature for the 10% weight loss of the polyimides was in the range 410–460°C in a nitrogen atmosphere, which indicated good thermal stability. A pretilt angle of 2.97° was observed for the polyimide derived from 5‐octyloxy‐1,3‐phenylenediisocyanate and 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Production of highly crosslinked microspheres by the precipitation polymerization of 2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate with two or three functional crosslinkers
Authors: Tunc Yeliz , Ulubayram Kezban
Published: January 2009

Precipitation polymerizations of 2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate were carried out with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and then trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate in acetonitrile to produce monodisperse, highly crosslinked microspheres. Poly(diethylaminoethyl methacrylate‐co‐trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate) [poly(DEAEMA‐co‐TRIM)] microspheres, in the range of 1.2–2.7 μm, were obtained with a total monomer concentration of 1 vol % with respect to the solvent, and they kept their identity with several polymerization parameters. When the total monomer concentration was increased further, individual particles lost their identity and aggregated. Poly(DEAEMA‐co‐TRIM) particles with a total monomer concentration of 1 vol % had more discrete spherical forms with smoother surfaces, whereas in the poly(diethylaminoethyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) system, sticky microspheres were obtained with a total monomer concentration of 2.1 vol %. Moreover, several polymerization parameters were investigated to control the physical properties of microspheres of poly(DEAEMA‐co‐TRIM) and to understand the nature of the precipitation polymerization. Thus, the average particle size increased from 2.3 to 2.7 μm with an increased azobisisobutyronitrile concentration and then decreased to about 1.2 μm as the polymerization temperature was increased. All the microspheres produced under different polymerization conditions were found to be monodisperse (polydispersity index <0.1) with a narrow size distribution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Tetrahydrosalen‐stabilized, chloride‐containing rare‐earth complexes: Facile initiator precursors for the preparation of hydroxytelechelic poly(ε‐caprolactone)s
Authors: Wu Guangming , Sun Weilin , Shen Zhiquan
Published: January 2009

End‐capped poly(ε‐caprolactone)s (PCLs) have been prepared elsewhere by various initiators. However, hydroxytelechelic PCLs have been reported less frequently, although there are two hydroxyl end groups in one polymer chain, which allows diversified functionalization. Two tetrahydrosalen‐backboned chlorides containing rare‐earth complexes, YbLCl(DME)2 and ErLCl(DME) {where L is 6,6′‐[ethane‐1,2‐diylbis(methylazanediyl)]bis (methylene)bis(2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenol) and DME is dimethoxyethane}, were first synthesized in this study, and they were used as initiator precursors for a ring‐opening polymerization in the presence of NaBH4 to afford hydroxytelechelic PCLs. The polymerization under different conditions was investigated, and a possible mechanism is proposed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Bridging MCl Bonds with Ambiphilic Phosphine–Borane Ligands
Authors: Bontemps Sébastien , Bouhadir Ghenwa , Apperley David C. , Dyer Philip W. , Miqueu Karinne , Bourissou Didier
Published: January 2009

Bridging or pendant? Palladium and rhodium complexes deriving from an ambiphilic phosphine–borane ligand are shown to adopt a bridging P→MCl→B coordination mode in the solid state. DFT calculations provide more insight into the Cl→B interaction and suggest the possible interconversion of the bridging and B‐pendant forms in solution.

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A combined experimental/theoretical study provides insight into the bridging coordination of MCl bonds with the ambiphilic phosphine–borane ligands iPr2P‐o(C6H4)‐BR2 (PBCy2: R=Cy; PBMes2: R=Mes). Reaction of [PdCl(allyl)(PBCy2)] (3) with HCl affords the related dinuclear complex [PdCl(μ‐Cl)(PBCy2)]2 (5). Subsequent cleavage of the chloride bridge by PPh3 leads to the heteroleptic mononuclear complex trans‐[PdCl2(PPh3)(PBCy2)] (6). The solid‐state structures of complexes 5 and 6 substantiate the propensity of the PBCy2 ligand to bridge Pd‐Cl bonds via P→PdCl→B interactions. DFT calculations carried out on both the model mononuclear complexes 3* and 6* reveal that in each system the energy of the linkage isomer with a Cl→B interaction is very similar to that without. A comparison of the solution and solid‐state 11B NMR spectroscopic data for complexes 3 and 6 suggests the possible interconversion of the bridging and B‐pendant forms in solution. Bridging coordination of the PBCy2 ligand across a RhCl bond is observed in the solid‐state structure of the related complex [RhCl(nbd)(PBCy2)] (7). Replacement of the Cy groups at boron by Mes substituents illustrates the role of steric factors on the participation of the Lewis acid upon coordination, no Cl→B interaction being observed in the complex [PdCl(allyl)(PBMes2)] (8).
New absolute magnitude calibrations for WUrsa Majoris type binaries
Authors: Eker Z. , Bilir S. , Yaz E. , Demircan O. , Helvacı M.
Published: January 2009

Parallaxes of W UMa stars in the Hipparcos catalogue have been analyzed. 31 W UMa stars, which have the most accurate parallaxes (σπ /π < 0.15) which are neither associated with a photometric tertiary nor with evidence of a visual companion, were selected for re‐calibrating the Period‐Luminosity‐Color (PLC) relation of W UMa stars. Using the Lutz‐Kelker (LK) bias corrected (most probable) parallaxes, periods (0.26 < P < 0.87, P in days), and colors (0.04 < (B – V)0 < 1.28) of the 31 selected W UMa, the PLC relation have been revised and re‐calibrated. The difference between the old (revised but not bias corrected) and the new (LK bias corrected) relations are almost negligible in predicting the distances of W UMa stars up to about 100 pc. But, it increases and may become intolerable as distances of stars increase. Additionally, using (J – H)0 and (H – Ks)0 colors from 2MASS (TwoMicron All Sky Survey) data, a PLC relation working with infrared data was derived. It can be used with infrared colors in the range –0.01 < (J – H)0 < 0.58, and –0.10 < (H – Ks)0 < 0.18. Despite of the fact that the 2MASS data refer to single epoch observations which are not guaranteed to be taken at maximum brightness of theWUMa stars, the established relation has been found surprisingly consistent and reliable in predicting LK corrected distances of W UMa stars (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temporal behaviour of global perturbations in compressible axisymmetric flows with free boundaries
Authors: Zhuravlev V.V. , Shakura N.I.
Published: January 2009

The dynamics of small global perturbations in the form of a linear combination of a finite number of non‐axisymmetric eigenmodes is studied in the two‐dimensional approximation. The background flow is assumed to be an axisymmetric perfect fluid with adiabatic index γ = 5/3 rotating with a power law angular velocity distribution Γ ∝ r–q , 1.5 < q < 2.0, confined by free boundaries in the radial direction. The substantial transient growth of acoustic energy of optimized perturbations is discovered. An optimal energy growth G is calculated numerically for a variety of parameters. Its value depends essentially on the perturbation azimuthal wavenumber m and increases for higher values of m. The closer the rotation profile to the Keplerian law, the larger growth factors can be obtained but over a longer time. The highest acoustic energy increase found numerically is of order ∼102 over ∼6 typical Keplerian periods. Slow neutral eigenmodes with corotation radius beyond the outer boundary mostly contribute to the transient growth. The revealed linear temporal behaviour of perturbations may play an important role in angular momentum transfer in toroidal flows near compact relativistic objects (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
RoboNet‐II: Follow‐up observations of microlensing events with a robotic network of telescopes
Authors: Tsapras Y. , Street R. , Horne K. , Snodgrass C. , Dominik M. , Allan A. , Steele I. , Bramich D.M. , Saunders E.S. , Rattenbury N. , Mottram C. , Fraser S. , Clay N. , Burgdorf M. , Bode M. , Lister T.A. , Hawkins E. , Beaulieu J.P. , Fouqué P. , Albrow M. , Menzies J. , Cassan A. , Dominis‐Prester D.
Published: January 2009

RoboNet‐II uses a global network of robotic telescopes to perform follow‐up observations of microlensing events in the Galactic Bulge. The current network consists of three 2 m telescopes located in Hawaii and Australia (owned by Las Cumbres Observatory) and the Canary Islands (owned by Liverpool John Moores University). In future years the network will be expanded by deploying clusters of 1 m telescopes in other suitable locations. A principal scientific aim of the RoboNet‐II project is the detection of cool extra‐solar planets by the method of gravitational microlensing. These detections will provide crucial constraints to models of planetary formation and orbital migration. RoboNet‐II acts in coordination with the PLANET microlensing follow‐up network and uses an optimization algorithm (“web‐PLOP”) to select the targets and a distributed scheduling paradigm (eSTAR) to execute the observations. Continuous automated assessment of the observations and anomaly detection is provided by the ARTEMiS system (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamische Berechnung von Eisenbahnbrücken im Zuge von Hochgeschwindigkeitsstrecken – Ein alternatives Verfahren zur Simulation von Zugüberfahrten
Authors: Pircher Heinz , Stadler Christian , Glatzl Johann , Seitz Peter
Published: January 2009

Mit den neuen, EUROCODE‐gemäßen Normen werden auch baudynamische Berechnungen neu geregelt. Ein Berechnungsverfahren, einfacher und schneller anwendbar als die übliche Zeitschrittberechnung, wird für den Anwendungsfall “Dynamik von Eisenbahnbrücken im Zuge von Hochgeschwindigkeitsstrecken” gezeigt (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effektivität eines Erdbebenisolationssystems für Hochbauten mittels faserbewehrter Elastomerlager
Authors: Gerhaher Ulrich , Strauss Alfred , Bergmeister Konrad
Published: January 2009

In der hier vorgestellten Studie wird die Anwendbarkeit eines Erdbebenisolationssystems mittels faserbewehrter Elastomerlager für Hochbauten dargestellt. Ausgehend von im Wohn‐ und Bürobau üblichen Grundrissen werden Tragwerke mit drei bis zehn Geschossen bezüglich der Schnittgrößen aus Erdbebeneinfluss untersucht. Dabei wird aufgezeigt, in welchem Maße sich vor allem die zu verankernden Zugkräfte in den aussteifenden Wänden durch Einführung elastischer horizontaler Fugen reduzieren lassen. Die Effektivität verschiedener Fugenausführungen mit faserbewehrten Elastomerlagern wird diskutiert (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Berechnung dünnwandiger Stäbe mit offenem Querschnitt bei Beanspruchung durch Längskraft, zweiachsige Biegung und Torsion – ohne Bestimmung von Schwerpunkt, Schubmittelpunkt und Hauptachsen
Authors: Rubin Helmut
Published: January 2009

Für einen allgemein beanspruchten, prismatischen Stab wird ein Berechnungskonzept gezeigt, bei dem die Beziehungen zwischen den Schnittgrößen und Verzerrungen des Stabelements nicht normiert, sondern in gekoppelter Form dargestellt werden. Dies bedeutet, dass der gesamten Berechnung ein beliebig wählbares Koordinatensystem y, z im Querschnitt zugrunde gelegt wird und dass Schwerpunkt, Schubmittelpunkt und Hauptachsen mit zugehörigen Querschnittsgrößen nicht bestimmt werden müssen.

Auf Basis dieses Konzepts wird die Übertragungsbeziehung entwickelt, welche die vollständige Berechnung der Schnitt‐ und Verschiebungsgrößen eines beliebig gelagerten Stabes erlaubt. Schließlich lassen sich damit für beliebige Querschnittspunkte alle Normal‐ und Schubspannungen bestimmen (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Time‐domain power system simulator as an efficient tool for teaching and learning electric power quality phenomena
Authors: Santoso Surya
Published: January 2009

Electric power quality (PQ) phenomena involve the interaction between various elements of the power system. Due to the complex nature of the phenomena, electric PQ education at the undergraduate level is challenging. The instructional method is typically based on the traditional descriptive‐inquiry approach. This article suggests that a time‐domain computer‐based simulation tool be used to supplement the traditional approach. The combined method allows students to simulate complex phenomena in a controlled environment so as to investigate the interaction between power system elements that give rise to the phenomena, and how the phenomena impact the system. The combined method is expected to reinforce and enhance the student learning process. The article then presents three simulation examples to demonstrate how the time‐domain simulation method can be integrated into the traditional descriptive‐inquiry method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 214–224, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae20194
A fully robust PARAFAC method for analyzing fluorescence data
Authors: Engelen Sanne , Frosch Stina , Jørgensen Bo Munk
Published: January 2009

Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) is a widespread method for modeling fluorescence data by means of an alternating least squares procedure. Consequently, the PARAFAC estimates are highly influenced by outlying excitation–emission landscapes (EEM) and element‐wise outliers, like for example Raman and Rayleigh scatter. Recently, a robust PARAFAC method that circumvents the harmful effects of outlying samples has been developed. For removing the scatter effects on the final PARAFAC model, different techniques exist. Newly, an automated scatter identification tool has been constructed. However, there still exists no robust method for handling fluorescence data encountering both outlying EEM landscapes and scatter. In this paper, we present an iterative algorithm where the robust PARAFAC method and the scatter identification tool are alternately performed. A fully automated robust PARAFAC method is obtained in that way. The method is assessed by means of simulations and a laboratory‐made data set. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supramolecular Complexation of N‐Alkyl‐ and N,N′‐Dialkylpiperazines with Cucurbit[6]uril in Aqueous Solution and in the Solid State
Authors: Rekharsky Mikhail V. , Yamamura Hatsuo , Mori Tadashi , Sato Akihiro , Shiro Motoo , Lindeman Sergey V. , Rathore Rajendra , Shiba Kouhei , Ko Young Ho , Selvapalam Narayanan , Kim Kimoon , Inoue Yoshihisa
Published: January 2009

Water seeds: Complex stoichiometry/composition and degree of oligomerization (oligomeric supramolecular complex formation) of cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) with N‐alkyl‐ and N,N′‐dialkylpiperazine were investigated in aqueous solutions by means of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), ESI‐MS, NMR and light scattering measurements.

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Complex stoichiometry/composition and degree of oligomerization (oligomeric supramolecular complex formation) of cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) with N‐alkyl‐ and N,N′‐dialkylpiperazine were investigated in aqueous solutions by means of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), ESI‐MS, NMR and light scattering measurements. It was found that the complex stability and the degree of oligomerization increase with elongating the alkyl chain attached to the piperazine core. X‐ray crystallographic studies revealed a clear correlation between the structure of CB[6]–alkylpiperazine crystals obtained from aqueous solutions and the molecular weight/properties of host–guest oligomers existed in the solution as supramolecular “seeds” of crystal formation.
Electronic Structure, Chemical Bonding, and Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy of the Digallides of Ca, Sr, and Ba
Authors: Haarmann Frank , Koch Katrin , Grüner Daniel , Schnelle Walter , Pecher Oliver , Cardoso‐Gil Raul , Borrmann Horst , Rosner Helge , Grin Yuri
Published: January 2009

Delving into digallides: The characteristics of the chemical bonding of the digallides of the alkaline‐earth metals (see figure) have been studied by application of experimental methods, such as single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, in combination with quantum mechanical calculations.

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Combined application of 69,71Ga NMR spectroscopy and quantum mechanical calculations reveals the chemical bonding in the digallides of Ca, Sr, and Ba. An analysis of the electron localization function (ELF) shows honeycomb‐like 63 nets of the Ga atoms as the most prominent structural features in SrGa2 and BaGa2. For CaGa2 a description of a 3+1‐coordinated Ga atom is revealed by the ELF and by an analysis of interatomic distances. The NMR spectroscopic signal shift is mainly due to the Knight shift and is almost equal for the investigated digallides, whereas the anisotropy of the signal shift decreases with the radius of the alkaline‐earth metals. Calculated and observed values of the electric field gradient (EFG) are in good agreement for CaGa2 and BaGa2 but differ by about 21 % for SrGa2 indicating structural instability. Better agreement is achieved by considering a puckering of the Ga layers. For BaGa2 an instability of the structure is indicated by a peak in the density of states at the Fermi level, which is shifted to lower energies when taking puckering of the Ga layers into account. Both structural modifications are confirmed by crystallographic information. The Fermi velocity of the electrons is strongly anisotropic and is largest in the (001) plane of the crystal structure. This results in an alignment of the crystallites with the [001] axis perpendicular to the magnetic field as observed in 69,71Ga NMR spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility experiments. The electron transport is predominantly mediated by the Ga–Ga px‐ and py‐like electrons in the (001) plane. The specific heat capacity of BaGa2 was determined and indicated the absence of phase transitions between 1.8 and 320 K.
Conformational Change of Spermidine upon Interaction with Adenosine Triphosphate in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Maruyoshi Keisuke , Nonaka Kaori , Sagane Takeshi , Demura Tetsuo , Yamaguchi Toshiyuki , Matsumori Nobuaki , Oishi Tohru , Murata Michio
Published: January 2009

A complex rotation: The solution conformation of spermidine (SPD) was elucidated by using diastereospecifically deuterated and 13C‐labeled derivatives to diagnose the orientation of seven conformationally relevant bonds. NMR coupling constants were determined for a complex formed from spermidine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP; see figure).

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Endogenous polyamines, represented by putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are known to exert their physiological functions by interacting with polyanionic biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and phospholipids. Very few examples of conformation analysis have been reported for these highly flexible polymethylene compounds, mainly due to the lack of appropriate methodologies. To understand the molecular basis of the weak interaction between polyamines and polyanions that underlies their physiological functions, we aimed to elucidate the solution conformation of spermidine by using diastereospecifically deuterated and 13C‐labeled derivatives (1–7), which were designed to diagnose the orientation of seven conformationally relevant bonds in spermidine. 1H–1H and 13C–1H NMR coupling constants (3JH,H and 3JC,H) were successfully determined for a spermidine–ATP complex. The relevant coupling constants markedly decreased upon complexation. The results reveal that spermidine, when interacting with ATP, undergoes changes that make the conformation more bent and forms the complex with the triphosphate part of ATP in an orientation‐sensitive manner.
Supramolecular Assembly of Self‐Labeled Amphicalixarenes
Authors: Becherer Miriam S. , Schade Boris , Böttcher Christoph , Hirsch Andreas
Published: January 2009

Shape‐persistent micelles consisting of exactly 12 molecules (see picture), which coexist with rodlike micelles, are formed by the self‐labeled amphicalixarene at pH 7. In contrast to other examples of structurally defined micelles, this new type of amphiphile serves as a fluorescence reporter and provides an extended cavity structure in the hydrophilic part, thereby facilitating the inclusion of guest molecules.

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The synthesis and precise supramolecular organization of new amphicalixarene 4 bearing four rodlike aligned fluorescent terephthalic benzamide moieties in the upper rim is reported. The aggregation of 4 was monitored by a combination of fluorescence, conductometry, and cryo‐TEM measurements at different pH values and revealed significant structural differences. Most interestingly, we found that exactly 12 molecules of 4 assemble to form a spherical and structurally persistent micelle at pH 7, which coexists with rodlike micelles. In contrast to other examples of structurally defined micelles reported previously, this new type of self‐labeled amphiphile serves as a fluorescence reporter with the terephthalic units additionally providing an extended cavity structure in the hydrophilic part, which facilitates the inclusion of guest molecules. In addition to the observed formation of well‐defined micelles, the other highly important finding from this study is the fact that guest molecules directly influence the micellar organization because they can interact with both the free amphiphiles below the critical micelle concentration (cmc) or the micellar aggregate itself. These two types of interactions are especially pronounced in the case of the cationic pyrene derivative 10, which binds electrostatically with the amphiphile 4. In addition, a very unique membrane structure exhibiting a regular hexagonal pattern of 5 nm pores is formed by 4 at pH 4.
Catalyzed Vinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions with Controlled Enantio‐ and Diastereoselectivities
Authors: Frings Marcus , Atodiresei Iuliana , Runsink Jan , Raabe Gerhard , Bolm Carsten
Published: January 2009

In control: A new catalytic vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction provides products with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to 99 % de and ee; see scheme). The relative and absolute stereochemistry of a representative product was rigorously assigned by NMR and CD spectroscopies (measured and calculated), X‐ray diffraction, and quantum‐chemical calculations.

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No Abstract
ChemInform Abstract: The Crystal Structure of SrLaFeRuO6: A New Double Perovskite Oxide.
Authors: Shaheen R. , Bashir J. , Khan M. Nasir , Rauf Raabya , Siddique M.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of the Ln4‐xIn5‐yS13 (Ln: La, Ce, Pr and Nd; x = 0.08—0.12, y = 0.21—0.24), La3In1.67S7, Gd3InS6 and La4Ag2In4S13 Compounds.
Authors: Gulay L. D. , Daszkiewicz M. , Huch M. R.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Transport Properties of Solid Solutions Sr1‐xKxPbO3‐yFy (0 ≤ x, y ≤ 0.20).
Authors: Drozd V. O. , Gabovich A. M. , Solopan S. O. , Nedil'ko S. A. , Pekala M. , Dzyaz'ko O. G.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalytic Activity of La3+/S/TiO2 Photocatalyst under Visible Light.
Authors: Xia Huili , Zhuang Huisheng , Xiao Dongchang , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of a New Four‐Layer Aurivillius Phase Bi2SrNa2Nb4O15 and Its Protonated Form.
Authors: Liang Zhenhua , Tang Kaibin , Zeng Suyuan , Wang Dong , Li Tanwei , Zheng Huagui
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Expansion of Lactones and Lactams via Propiolate 1‐Carbon Intercalation.
Authors: Grant Tina N. , Benson Chantel L. , West F. G.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Cyclohexadiene with Pd/C as a Rapid, Safe Transfer Hydrogenation System with Microwave Heating.
Authors: Quinn John F. , Razzano Dana A. , Golden Kathryn C. , Gregg Brian T.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: gem‐Difluorination in Superacid: The Dramatic Role of Halonium Ions.
Authors: Zunino Fabien , Liu Fei , Berrier Christian , Martin‐Mingot Agnes , Thibaudeau Sebastien , Jouannetaud Marie‐Paule , Jacquesy Jean‐Claude , Bachmann Christian
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Titanium‐Mediated Allylations with Modulation by Nickel or Palladium.
Authors: Campana Araceli G. , Bazdi Btissam , Fuentes Noelia , Robles Rafael , Cuerva Juan M. , Oltra J. Enrique , Porcel Susana , Echavarren Antonio M.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluoroisopropanol: A Recyclable Organocatalyst for N‐Boc Protection of Amines.
Authors: Heydari Akbar , Khaksar Samad , Tajbakhsh Mahmood
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Mixed ortho Esters.
Authors: Cosgrove Kelly L. , McGeary Ross P.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryl Norbornanes and Analogues via Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation with Arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborates.
Authors: Bartoli Gabriele , Cacchi Sandro , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Goggiamani Antonella
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vibrational Relaxation of OH and CH Fundamentals of Polar and Nonpolar Molecules in the Condensed Phase
Authors: Sibert Edwin L. III , Ramesh Sai G. , Gulmen Tolga S.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Concentrated Emulsions. Physicochemical Principles of the Preparation and Stability
Authors: Babak V. G.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of Mycotoxins in Human Foods
Authors: Shephard Gordon Seymour
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Constituents of Cucurbitaceous Plants
Authors: Kasai Ryoji
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modelling of light transmittance and reflectance in flat fluidized photoreactors
Authors: Brucato A. , Iatridis D. , Yue P. L. , Rizzuti L.
Published: January 2009

In recent years several photon induced chemical reactions involving the use of a solid catalyst have been studied. Flat fluidized beds have proved to be promising devices for carrying out these photocatalytic reactions. There is therefore a need for the modelling of light interactions within such kinds of photoreactors.

In this paper, a phenomenological model is proposed for simulating the light transmission and reflection in flat fluidized gas‐solid photoreactors. A detailed description of the model is presented. The model predictions were compared with experimental data and a satisfactory agreement was found. Correlations were also suggested for the estimation of model parameters.
Transient cooling of petroleum by natural convection in cylindrical storage tanks: A simplified heat loss model
Authors: Cotter Mark A. , Charles Michael E.
Published: January 2009

The transient cooling by natural convection of a warm crude oil contained in a large vertical cylindrical storage tank located in a cold environment is investigated. The governing mass, momentum and energy equations utilizing a temperature‐dependent apparent viscosity were solved numerically, and from the results a correlation is developed between the Nusselt number at the sidewall and the instantaneous Rayleigh number driving the time‐dependent flow. A simplified heat loss model is developed to predict the mean tank temperature over time, utilizing this correlation to calculate a time‐dependent heat transfer coefficient for the sidewall. The results from the simplified model are compared with the mean tank temperatures results from a simulation of the full natural convection equations for the cooling of a crude oil in a 60 m diameter tank, and excellent agreement is obtained.
Quasi‐steady state natural convection in a tilted porous layer
Authors: Robillard L. , Vasseur P.
Published: January 2009

Quasi‐steady state laminar natural convection in an inclined porous layer is studied analytically and numerically. On the basis of the Darcy‐Oberbeck‐Boussinesq equations, the problem is solved analytically in the limit of a thin porous layer heated on one side by a constant heat flux while the other boundaries are maintained adiabatic. For quasi‐steady state, the flow and temperature fields and overall heat transfer rates are obtained in terms of the controlling parameters and the onset of convection in a bottom‐heated horizontal system is predicted. It is also demonstrated for the case of a bottom‐heated layer that for sufficiently small inclinations, multiple unicellular quasi‐steady states exist, some of which are unstable. A numerical study of the same phenomenon, obtained by solving the complete system of governing equations, is conducted. Good agreement is found between the analytical predictions and the numerical simulation.
Modélisation d'un four de calcination du coke de pétrole: II. Simulation du procédé
Authors: Perron J. , Nguyen H. T. , Bui R. T.
Published: January 2009

Un modèle mathématique à une dimension en régime permanent a été développé sur ordinateur pour simuler en détail le procédé de la calcination du coke de pétrole dans les fours rotatifs.

Une simulation mathématique est effectuée pour reproduire les conditions d'opérations qui prévalaient lors d'une journée normale d'opération afin de valider le modèle ainsi que d' étudier en détail les principales variables du procédé. On trouve que les sources d'énergie par combustion dans le procédé proviennent à 59.5 % de l'hydrogène, 14.6 % du carbone du lit, 13.8 % des particules de poussière, 11.3 % du méthane et 0.8 % des goudrons.

Par la suite, une comparaison est faite avec les modèles existants pour dégager les points communs aux différents fours à l'étude et proposer des règles générates s'appliquant aux autres fours non étudiés. Dans le cas des fours étudiés, il apparaît que la température maximale du coke est atteinte entre 45 % et 55 % de la longueur totale du four, tandis que le dégagement des matières volatiles s'effectue entre 5 % et 60 % de la longueur comptée à partir de l'alimentation en coke.
Le cyclone: Un réacteur chimique. Application à la réaction de décarbonatation de NaHCO3
Authors: Lédé J. , Li H. Z. , Villermaux J.
Published: January 2009

Le présent article a pour objet l'étude expérimentale et théorique du comportement du réacteur cyclone en maquette chaude. La réaction modèle utilisée est la décarbonatation de NaHCO3. Moyennant l'utilisation de connaissances acquises sur le fonctionnement de ce type de réacteur en maquette froide et tiède, il est possible de déterminer des constantes cinétiques en très bon accord avec les valeurs de la littérature obtenues dans des conditions totalement diffé‐rentes. Les mesures sont effectuées dans un très large domaine de conditions expérimentales (granuloméres, temps de passage de particules, températures de paroi et débits de solides). Les résultats révelènt le double intérêt du réacteur cyclone : dispositif de mesure de constantes cinétiques et réacteur de production à forte capacité de traitement.
An apparatus for phase equilibrium studies of carbon dioxide+heavy hydrocarbon systems
Authors: Han Buxing , Peng Ding‐Yu , Fu Cheng‐Tze , Vilcsak George
Published: January 2009

An apparatus for measuring the solubility of gas in liquid and that of liquid or solid in gas has been constructed. The apparatus can be used at system temperatures ranging from 20 to 70°C and at system pressures up to 15 MPa. The solubilities were determined by means of gravimetric measurements. The solubilities measured in this study for the carbon dioxide+n‐decane and carbon dioxide + naphthalene systems agree very well with the literature values. The vapor‐liquid equilibria of the carbon dioxide+Peace River bitumen system at 45 and 55 °C were studied. The new data indicate that the supercritical‐fluid carbon dioxide can extract a fair amount of the light components from Peace River bitumen.
Behavioral, social, and educational outcomes after pediatric stem cell transplantation and related factors
Authors: Barrera Maru , Atenafu Eshetu , Pinto Jennifer
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND:

The purpose of the current study was to investigate longitudinally children's behavioral and social competence outcomes up to 2 years after pediatric stem cell transplantation (SCT) and related factors.

METHODS:

Ninety‐nine mothers and 24 youths completed standardized questionnaires (Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL] and Youth Self‐Report [YSR]) pre‐SCT, and 12 and 24 months after SCT; 26 teachers completed Teacher Report Form (TRF) at 24 months. Information regarding clinical (eg, diagnosis, cranial radiation, graft vs host disease [GVHD]), child (eg, age, sex, physical health), and familial (eg, maternal age, education, distress) factors was also obtained.

RESULTS:

Linear mixed regression models with compound covariance structure followed by adjusted pairwise analyses yielded significant improvements from pre‐SCT to 1 and 2 years after SCT in total scores; in externalizing and internalizing scores from pre‐SCT to 2 years after SCT; and in total competence from pre‐SCT to 1 year after SCT. Child's physical health, maternal age, and depression were found to be significantly associated with the total, internalizing, and externalizing CBCL scores, whereas GVHD, mother's age, and time since diagnosis were associated with CBCL competence scores. Diagnosis, cranial radiation, GVHD, child's physical health, and maternal age and education were associated with YSR total behavioral and competence scores. Finally, total TRF scores were associated with time since diagnosis; TRF educational and adaptability scores were associated with maternal education, age, and distress.

CONCLUSIONS:

Clinical, personal, and familial factors must be considered to understand the psychosocial outcomes of these survivors up to 2 years after SCT. This study has important implications for psychosocial interventions for this population. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
The Effect of Platinum on Diffusion Kinetics in β‐NiAl: Implications for Thermal Barrier Coating Lifetimes
Authors: Marino Kristen A. , Carter Emily A.
Published: January 2009

Platinum is added to thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) as it is observed empirically to extend their lifetime, but the mechanism by which Pt acts is unknown. Since Pt has been proposed to alter diffusivities in NiAl, a key component of TBCs, we use first‐principles quantum mechanics calculations to investigate atomic level diffusion mechanisms. Here, we examine the effect of Pt on five previously proposed mechanisms for Ni diffusion in NiAl: next‐nearest‐neighbor jumps, the triple defect mechanism, and three variants of the six jump cycle. We predict that Pt increases the rate of Ni diffusion by stabilizing point defects and defect clusters that are diffusion intermediates. Previously, we predicted the triple defect mechanism to be a dominant Ni diffusion mechanism; it simultaneously results in long‐range Al diffusion in the opposite direction. Since Pt increases the rate of Ni diffusion, it also increases Al diffusion in NiAl, which may be key to extending the coating lifetime.
Absolute CD4+ cell count using a plastic microchip and a microscopic cell counter
Authors: Bae Sook Young , Park Hae Chul , Oh Jun Seo , Yoon Soo‐Young , Park Dae Won , Choi In Keun , Kim Hae Joong , Oh Jong Hyun , Hur Dae Sung , Chung Chanil , Chang Jun Keun , Robinson J. Paul , Lim Chae Seung
Published: January 2009

We have designed and evaluated the performance of a simple, rapid, and affordable method for counting CD4+ T‐cells with the use of plastic microchips. This new system is an adaptation of a “no‐lyse, no‐wash,” volumetric single platform assay, and absolute CD4+ counts are determined with the use of a microscopic scanning cell counter. To assess the CD4+ count test precision and linearity of the system, measured CD4+ counts were compared with two other reference assays (single and dual platform flow cytometry) with the use of 123 clinical samples including samples obtained from 35 HIV‐infected patients, and artificially diluted samples. A correlation between the results from the use of the new method and from the use of the two other reference assays was r = 0.98 for the clinical samples. A dilution test of the new method demonstrated a linearity of r ≥ 0.99, with coefficients of variation ≤7.6% for all concentration levels. Our findings suggest that the new CD4+ counting device can be potentially be applied for other diagnostic procedures that measure quantities of characteristic antigens or other materials on cells. © 2009 Clinical Cytometry Society
Expression of the Pax2 transcription factor is associated with vestibular phenotype in the avian inner ear
Authors: Warchol Mark E. , Richardson Guy P.
Published: January 2009

The paired‐domain transcription factor Pax2 is involved in many facets of inner ear development, but relatively little is known about the expression or function of Pax2 in the mature ear. In this study, we have used immunohistochemical methods to characterize the expression patterns of Pax2 in the sensory organs of inner ears from posthatch chicks. Immunoreactivity for Pax2 was observed in the nuclei of most hair cells and supporting cells in the vestibular organs. In contrast, Pax2 expression in thechick cochlea was limited to hair cells located in the very distal (low frequency) region. We then used organotypic cultures of the chick utricle to examine changes in Pax2 expression in response to ototoxic injury and during hair cell regeneration. Treatment with streptomycin resulted in the loss of most Pax2 immunoreactivity from the lumenal (hair cell) stratum of the utricle. During the early phases of regeneration, moderate Pax2 expression was maintained in the nuclei of proliferating supporting cells. Expression of Pax2 in the hair cell stratum recovered in parallel with hair cell regeneration. The results indicate that Pax2 continues to be expressed in the mature avian ear, and that its expression pattern is correlated with a vestibular phenotype. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2009
Division‐linked differentiation can account for CD8+ T‐cell phenotype in vivo
Authors: Schlub Timothy E. , Venturi Vanessa , Kedzierska Katherine , Wellard Cameron , Doherty Peter C. , Turner Stephen J. , Ribeiro Ruy M. , Hodgkin Philip D. , Davenport Miles P.
Published: January 2009

The CD8+ T‐cell response to infection involves a large initial expansion in the numbers of responding cells, accompanied by differentiation of these cells. Expression of the adhesion molecule CD62L is high on naïve cells and rapidly downregulated on the surface of the majority (∼90%) of cells during the ‘effector’ phase of acute infection. Adoptive transfer studies have been used to study differentiation in this system; however, relatively little work has investigated the phenotype of cells in the endogenous repertoire. We demonstrate that the extent of CD62L down‐regulation is positively correlated with clone size in vivo, consistent with division‐linked differentiation of responding cells. Other features of the endogenous CD62Lhi and CD62Llo repertoire are that the CD62Llo repertoire is less diverse than the CD62Lhi repertoire and represents a subset of clonotypes found in the CD62Lhi repertoire. To test whether these observations are compatible with a mechanism of division‐linked differentiation, we developed a mathematical model, where there is a probability of CD62L down‐regulation associated with cell division. Comparison of model results with experimental data suggests that division‐linked differentiation provides a simple mechanism to explain the relationship between clone size and phenotype of CD8+ T cells during acute infection.
Internalization of Dectin‐1 terminates induction of inflammatory responses
Authors: Hernanz‐Falcón Patricia , Joffre Olivier , Williams David L. , Reis e Sousa Caetano
Published: January 2009

Dectin‐1 is a pattern‐recognition receptor recognizing β‐(1,3)‐glucans found on fungal cell walls. Dectin‐1 plays an important role in immunity to fungi by mediating phagocytic clearance of fungal particles and inducing transcription of innate response genes. We show here that the two processes are linked and that Dectin‐1 signalling for inflammation is attenuated by phagocytosis. Blocking Dectin‐1 ligand‐dependent internalization using either actin polymerization or dynamin inhibitors, large non‐phagocytosable β‐glucan particles or poorly phagocytic cells leads in all cases to enhanced and sustained activation of downstream signalling pathways and culminates in production of high levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. These findings establish the importance of phagocytosis not only in the clearance of pathogens, but also in the modulation of pattern‐recognition receptor signalling and strongly suggest that internalization is the first step to attenuation of Dectin‐1‐mediated pro‐inflammatory responses.