bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repurposing Thalidomide, its Analogue and Apremilast for Possible Antiviral in Situation of Severe COVID Cytokine Syndrome
Authors: Thangaraju Pugazhenthan , Tanguturi Yella Sree Sudha , Lingareddygari Siva Sanker Reddy , Krishna Sasanka Kota Sesha Brahma Shree
Published: August 2022

Background:

COVID-19, caused by SARS-corona virus-2, is a globally expanded public health risk at a bizarre level. In this current situation, COVID-19 has become a serious emerging pandemic. Drug reusing is a crucial step in identifying the new uses of old established drugs. To achieve a significant and healthy way of treatment in COVID patients within a short duration, drug repurposing is a novel method.

Objective:

The present study concentrated on the molecular docking of thalidomide and its analogues and Apremilast against Coronavirus infectious symptoms, and evaluated virus proteins (Spike Protein, 3cl Protease, Nucleocapsids).

Methods:

The present study explores the possibility of repurposing thalidomide for the treatment of SARS-COV-2 infection by assessing and confirming with docking affinity scores of thalidomide and its analogues and Apremilast, with spike protein, 3cl protease, and nucleocapsids.

Results:

From the study results, thalidomide, pomalidomide, lenalidomide, and Apremilast exhibited better binding affinity to N Protein (4KXJ), Protease (4WY3) and Spike Protein (5WRG). In comparison to targets, N Protein - 4KXJ is the best for the four ligands. It is finalized that all four ligands (Thalidomide -8.6, Pomalidomide -8.8, Lenalidomide, and -8.2,and Apremilast -8.1) have good docking scores with the target N Protein.

Conclusion:

The present study confirms that thalidomide and its analogues and apremilast are a better fit for treating high risk patients of COVID-19 viral infection, which are supposed to promote beneficial effects for both respiratory illnesses like COVID-19 symptoms as well as improve the pathological state of condition.
In Schizophrenia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome- and Fibromyalgia-Like
Symptoms are Driven by Breakdown of the Paracellular Pathway with
Increased Zonulin and Immune Activation-Associated Neurotoxicity
Authors: Maes Michael , Andrés-Rodríguez Laura , Vojdani Aristo , Sirivichayakul Sunee , Barbosa Decio S. , Kanchanatawan Buranee
Published: August 2022

Background:

A meaningful part of schizophrenia patients suffer from physiosomatic symptoms
(formerly named psychosomatic), which are reminiscent of chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia
(FF) and are associated with signs of immune activation and increased levels of tryptophan
catabolites (TRYCATs).

Aims:

The study aims to examine whether FF symptoms in schizophrenia are associated with the
breakdown of the paracellular pathway, zonulin, lowered natural IgM responses to oxidative specific
epitopes (OSEs); and whether FF symptoms belong to the behavioral-cognitive-physical-psychosocial-
(BCPS)-worsening index consisting of indices of a general cognitive decline (G-CoDe), symptomatome
of schizophrenia, and quality of life (QoL)-phenomenome.

Methods:

FF symptoms were assessed using the Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Rating scale in 80
schizophrenia patients and 40 healthy controls and serum cytokines/chemokines, IgA levels to TRYCATs,
IgM to OSEs, zonulin and transcellular/paracellular (TRANS/PARA) molecules were assayed
using ELISA methods.

Results:

A large part (42.3%) of the variance in the total FF score was explained by the regression on
the PARA/TRANS ratio, pro-inflammatory cytokines, IgM to zonulin, IgA to TRYCATs (all positively),
and IgM to OSEs (inversely). There were highly significant correlations between the total FF
score and G-CoDe, symtopmatome, QoL phenomenome, and BCPS-worsening score. FF symptoms
belong to a common core shared by G-CoDe, symtopmatome, and QoL phenomenome.

Conclusion:

The physio-somatic symptoms of schizophrenia are driven by various pathways, including
increased zonulin, breakdown of the paracellular tight-junctions pathway, immune activation with
induction of the TRYCAT pathway, and consequent neurotoxicity. It is concluded that FF symptoms
are part of the phenome of schizophrenia and BCPS-worsening as well.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Molecular Biology, Pathophysiology and Biomarkers
Authors: Mishra Yoganchal , Singh Sarika , Yadav Neelam
Published: August 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the
central nervous system and the leading cause of dementia in elder people. The clinical
symptoms of AD are memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. Pathologically, AD is
characterized by the deposition of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of
hyperphosphrylated tau protein in the brain and neurodegeneration. However, the cause
of AD is not known. Various genetic and non genetic factors have been involved in the
pathogenesis. The main genetic risk factor of AD is E4 allele of apolipoprotein E.
Currently; no effective treatment is available for AD. Only two classes of drugs namely
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (Galantamine, Rivastigmine, Donepezil), and N-methy-
-D-aspartate receptor antagonist (Memantine) are available for AD treatment. These
drugs have limited effectiveness and disagreeable side-effects in AD patients. This
chapter focuses on the molecular biology, pathophysiology of the disease and various
diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for the management of AD.
Molecular Diagnostics and Immunological Markers of Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Chakraborty Subhadip
Published: August 2022

Neurodegeneration is a progressive process that occurs with normal aging
with accelerated loss of normal functioning and structure of neurons. The physiological
aging of neurons can be expedited by many different factors like neurodegenerative
diseases (NDs) including frontotemporal lobe degeneration (FTLD), Alzheimer's
disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), vascular dementia (VaD), etc. In the
clinical view, the symptoms of different types of neurological disorders have a high
degree of similarity, making it difficult for differential diagnosis. Clinicians need
strong expertise to reach a correct diagnosis for a particular disease as there are so
many established clinical guidelines for the diagnosis of different types of neurological
disorders. Here, in this chapter, we shall focus to understand the different molecular
diagnostic tools and immunological markers used for the detection of
neurodegenerative disorders
Omics for Biomarker Investigation in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Tanveer Aiman , Yadav Dinesh
Published: August 2022

: Neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s
disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia,
and the spinocerebellar ataxias is major health threat specifically in the elderly
population. Currently, the disease diagnosis and progression is tracked through the
clinical estimation which only gives a rough estimate of the disease severity. So the
biomarkers serve as an essential tool in the disease diagnosis and disease progression.
High-throughput omics-based technologies have facilitated the discovery of new
biomarkers. The analytic methods underlying the basic omics-based technologies,
genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics are now been extensively useful in the
identification of novel biomarkers. These new candidate biomarkers are helpful in the
clinical management of neurological disorders.
Fuzzy Logic in Text Mining Using Python
Authors: Mittal ​Mamta , Battineni Gopi , Usharani ​Bhimavarapu , Goyal Lalit Mohan
Published: August 2022

This chapter introduces about fuzzy logic, its membership functions, and
rules followed by various text mining concepts using the fuzzy logic using python.
Different open-source libraries for fuzzy logic, preprocessing concepts in fuzzy logic
text mining, different feature extraction techniques, fuzzy clustering concepts,
classification in fuzzy text mining, fuzzy association rule mining concepts, and
visualization in fuzzy text mining are presented.
Text Analysis with Python: A Research Oriented Guide
Authors: Mittal Mamta , Battineni Gopi , Usharani Bhimavarapu , Goyal Lalit Mohan
Published: August 2022

Text Analysis with Python: A Research-Oriented Guide is a quick and comprehensive reference on text mining using python code. The main objective of the book is to equip the reader with the knowledge to apply various machine learning and deep learning techniques to text data. The book is organized into eight chapters which present the topic in a structured and progressive way.

Key Features

· Introduces the reader to Python programming and data processing

· Introduces the reader to the preliminaries of natural language processing (NLP)

· Covers data analysis and visualization using predefined python libraries and datasets

· Teaches how to write text mining programs in Python

· Includes text classification and clustering techniques

· Informs the reader about different types of neural networks for text analysis

· Includes advanced analytical techniques such as fuzzy logic and deep learning techniques

· Explains concepts in a simplified and structured way that is ideal for learners

· Includes References for further reading

Text Analysis with Python: A Research-Oriented Guide is an ideal guide for students in data science and computer science courses, and for researchers and analysts who want to work on artificial intelligence projects that require the application of text mining and NLP techniques.
Marketing digital um estudo sob a perspectiva da rede de fast food Burger King brasil
Authors: Toledo Luciano Augusto , Lima Junior Alexandre Santos , Pace Lucas Marçal Franzé , Cunha Renan Abujamra da , Mendonça Sérgio Baeta de , Toledo Luiz Alberto
Published: August 2022

The article is structured along the lines of qualitative research. Through the case study, the premise is to investigate how digital marketing is applied in the fast food company Burger King. With the application of the Collective Subject Discourse, contextual clues are listedthat allow to investigate the use of digital marketing within the context of a food company in Brazil. Through the analysis of speeches included in the material studied, it was possible to verify that digital marketing at Burger King occurs through the application of inbound marketing. It allows the use of digital social networks for the purpose of disseminating relevant content to the target audience and potential customers.
Morphometric Characteristics of Galekan Cattle Breed Base on Principle Component Analysis (PCA)
Authors: Kuswati Kuswati , Ali Muhammad Irvan , Wahyuni Rini Dwi
Published: August 2022

This study obtained morphometric information on Galekan cattle and compared phenotypic characteristics of Galekan cattle with local breed based on previous studies. This research was a case study with purposive sampling using the snowball sampling technique. The material used was 60 cattle of Galekan cattle which were kept in the Technical Unit (UPT) at Dongko and Panggul Sub Districts. The variables observed included qualitative characteristics and quantitative characteristics of morphometric components and body weight. T2-Hotelling test, descriptive statistics, and principal component analysis are used for quantitative data. The results showed that the qualitative characteristics of Galekan cattle were dominated by light brown body color with smear body color border, black backline, black vulva, black tail tip, face color as same as dominant body color, black muzzle, black upper and lower lips, smear white eye area, dark eye circles, black eyelashes, and black ear lines. The characteristics of the body shape of Galekan cattle have upward horns, no hump, and thin dewlap. The results of the T2-Hotelling analysis in UPT showed a significant difference (p <0.05) compared to other cattle in Dongko and Panggul Sub Districts. Principal component analysis (PCA) of Galekan cattle can be characterized by body weight, chest girth, depth chest, Ossa vertebrae lumbales, Ossa metatarsal, and Ossa vertebrae thoracicae.
Twinning and Ovulation Rate for Sustainable Production in Cattle
Authors: Hamidi Kamalludin Mamat , Samsudin Anjas Asmara , Suyadi Suyadi
Published: August 2022

Profits is very important in most industries and determined by the cost and amount of products generated. In the livestock industries, higher number of viable animals produced will improve the economies of scale, hence, their profit. In general, twinning can be a good approach to increase reproductive capacity, and consequently the production volume. Cattle are monovular animal, typically give birth to one offspring and multiple birth is rare. Multiple gestation is mostly unfavorable in the dairy industry due to their negative impact on reproductive and production performance on cow and calf. Twinning is highly correlated to ovulation rate and various genes that are affecting hyperprolificacy in sheep have been identified. Many studies have reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) that are associated with high ovulation rate and twinning in cattle. Besides the genetic factor, twinning can also be induced via hormonal methods. Knowledge on the factors that causing hyperprolificacy can assist the breeders or farmers for their selection, based on their objectives and strategy.
De keerzijde van knooppuntontwikkeling?
Authors: Vincke Wout
Published: August 2022

Knooppuntontwikkeling is een populair stadsplanningsparadigma waardoor de buurt transformeert, met positieve en negatieve effecten tot gevolg. Gentrificatie is één van de mogelijke negatieve effecten. De vraag stelt zich dan ook: leidt knooppuntontwikkeling tot gentrificatie? En wat heeft dit voor gevolgen voor stadsplanning?
Infographic: Drukte in de ondergrond
Authors: AGORA Hoofdredactie
Published: August 2022

Versnipperde informatievoorziening van een verborgen wereld
Tivoli – Negotiating Directory Society in the Public Pleasure Garden 1797-1798
Authors: Pade Ane Cornelia
Published: August 2022

This paper examines the 1797-1798 public debate surrounding the Tivoli Garden, Paris. The paper explores and analyses how opposing publications in the Parisian press utilised the garden as a locus to negotiate abstract societal changes following the revolution, including women’s access to the public sphere, class identities, and consumer culture. In doing so, this paper shows how the ideas of Rousseau, particularly those presented in La nouvelle Héloïse (1761), influenced public debate over the pleasure garden, and thus adds a new chapter to the study of Rousseau’s influence on the arts. Furthermore, this paper examines the popularity of the Tivoli garden, from the perspective of the Parisian public following the Terror. This paper proposes that the highly theatrical public pleasure garden functioned as a designated testing ground for transgressive social behavior. This allowed for the rules and norms of society to be developed, tested and learned following the French Revolution. By presenting the public pleasure garden as a significant space in the societal development of post-revolutionary society, this paper presents an entirely new perspective on Parisian public pleasure gardens. Keywords: Tivoli, Rousseau, Directory, Journal des dames et des modes, Theatricality  
Haemato-Biochemical Studies on Theileria Equi Infection in Seropositive Horses
Authors: Bhojani Rakesh J , Chahar Anju , Dedar Ramesh Kumar , Kachhawa Jai Prakash
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to know the haemato-biochemical changes associated with Theileria equi (T. equi) infection in five horse-populated areas/district of Rajasthan viz., Bikaner, Ajmer, Barmer, Nagaur, and Pali. Total 151 horses, irrespective of age and sex, were screened for T.equi infection. Whole blood and sera samples of all these horses were studied for haematology (Hb, PCV, total RBC, and WBC count), serum biochemistry (SGOT, ALP, GGT, and total bilirubin), and serological test like c-ELISA. On the basis of c-ELISA test, the overall seroprevalence of T. equi was 49.66%. Haemato-biochemical studies in seropositive horses revealed none significantly low value of haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, and none significantly higher GGT, ALP, and total bilirubin when compared with apparently healthy seronegative horses. Haemato-biochemical studies in seropositive horses revealed a significantly lower value of total leucocyte count and a significantly higher value of SGOT than apparently healthy seronegative horses.
First Case of Dirofilariasis in a Dog From Goa, India
Authors: Das Nikita Sunil , Pawar Prashant Dhanaji , Mhase Prashant Patilba , Sarawade Vrushali Namdev , Dhaygude Vitthal Shrirang , Kumar Hemant . , Singla Lachhman Das
Published: August 2022

.
Ascites Associated with Ancylostomiasis in Dogs
Authors: Rao Neha , Sadhu Dashrath B , Shah Aditya I , Parmar Jignesh J , Patel Deepak M
Published: August 2022

..
Isolation, Identification, Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling of ESBL Positive E. coli Isolates of Cattle in Eastern Zone of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Yadav Vibha . , Joshi Rajesh K. , Joshi Namita . , Kumar Amit . , Srivastva Mrinal . , Singh Satyavrat . , Chaudhary Pankaj K.
Published: August 2022

.
A Novel Hospital-to-Home System for Children With Medical Complexities: Usability Testing Study
Authors: Bird Marissa , Carter Nancy , Lim Audrey , Kazmie Nadia , Fajardo Cindy , Reaume Shannon , McGillion Michael H
Published: August 2022

Background

Children with medical complexity (CMC) are a group of young people who have severe complex chronic conditions, substantial family-identified service needs, functional limitations, and high health care resource use. Technology-enabled hospital-to-home interventions designed to deliver comprehensive care in the home setting are needed to ease CMC family stress, provide proactive and comprehensive care to this fragile population, and avoid hospital admissions, where possible.

Objective

In this usability testing study, we aimed to assess areas of strength and opportunity within the DigiComp Kids system, a hospital-to-home intervention for CMC and their families and care providers.

Methods

Hospital-based clinicians, family members of medically complex children, and home-based clinicians participated in DigiComp Kids usability testing. Participants were recorded and tasked to think aloud while completing usability testing tasks. Participants were scored on the metrics of effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction, and the total usability score was calculated using the Single Usability Metric. Participants also provided insights into user experiences during the postusability testing interviews.

Results

A total of 15 participants (5 hospital-based clinicians, 6 family members, and 4 home-based clinicians) participated in DigiComp Kids usability testing. The participants were able to complete all assigned tasks independently. Error-free rates for tasks ranged from 58% to 100%; the average satisfaction rating across groups was ≥80%, as measured by the Single Ease Question. Task times of participants were variable compared with the task times of an expert DigiComp Kids user. Single Usability Metric scores ranged from 80.5% to 89.5%. In qualitative interviews, participants stressed the need to find the right fit between user needs and the effort required to use the system. Interviews also revealed that the value of the DigiComp Kids system was in its ability to create a digital bridge between hospital and home, enabling participants to foster and maintain connections across boundaries.

Conclusions

Usability testing revealed strong scores across the groups. Insights gained include the importance of tailoring the implementation of the system to match individual user needs, streamlining key system features, and consideration of the meaning attached to system use by participants to allow for insight into system adoption and sustainment.
Photosensitivity From Avapritinib: Pharamacovigilance Analysis
Authors: Venkatakrishnan Ajit , Chu Brandon , Aggarwal Pushkar
Published: August 2022

Certain protein kinase inhibitors have been reported to cause photosensitivity. Avapritinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that was approved in January 2020. The aim of this analysis was to determine if a statistically significant signal exists between Avapritinib and photosensitivity in the real-world population. A disproportionality analysis was conducted using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. A literature review was also performed to identify case reports of Avapritinib-induced photosensitivity. A total of 13 adverse event reports with Avapritinib as the drug and photosensitivity as the reaction were identified in FAERS. Avapritinib was the suspect drug in all 13 reports, and in 12 of the 13 reports, Avapritinib was the only drug listed. Disproportionality analysis found a proportional reporting ratio of 11.0, χ21=107, reporting odds ratio of 11.0, and a lower limit of the 95% CI of the information component of 2.1. The literature review found 1 case report of Avapritinib-induced photosensitivity in a patient who had been taking Avapritinib 300 mg daily for 5 months. A statistically significant signal was found between Avapritinib use and photosensitivity. Clinicians should continue to balance the benefits and risks when prescribing Avapritinib to patients.
Pengembangan Metode Ekstraksi Alginat dari Rumput Laut Sargassum sp. sebagai Bahan Pengental
Authors: Husni Amir , Subaryono Subaryono , Pranoto Yudi , Taswir Taswir , Ustadi Ustadi
Published: August 2022

Indonesia has a lot of seaweed that have high potential as a producer of alginate, but the method of extraction has not been as expected. The objective of this study to develop a method of extraction of sodium alginate from seaweed Sargassum through the calcium alginate pathway. This study used different variations of the concentration of calcium chloride. The concentration of calcium chloride used varied 0.5, 0.75 and 1 M. As a control, the extraction of alginate performed through alginic acid pathway which was developed at the Center for Research Product Processing and Biotechnology of Marine and Fisheries, Jakarta. Quality parameters were observed including alginate yield, product appearance, viscosity and gel strength. The result showed that the yield of alginate produced successively for 32.67; 44.67 and 53.33 % and 31.67 % for controls. In appearance, the concentration of calcium chloride did not significantly affect the alginate product appearance, but darker when compared with the product extracted through the alginic acid. Viscosity alginate produced successively 149, 131 and 144 cP, while 304 cP for control. In general, the alginate gel strength extracted through of calcium alginate pathway is lower than the alginic acid pathway.ABSTRAKIndonesia  mempunyai  banyak  rumput  laut  yang  berpotensi  tinggi  sebagai penghasil  alginate,  namun  metode ekstraksinya belum sesuai yang diharapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode ekstraksi natrium alginat dari rumput laut Sargassum melalui jalur kalsium alginat. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan berbagai variasi konsentrasi kalsium klorida yang digunakan pada pemisahan alginat dari filtrat hasil ekstraksinya. Konsentrasi kalsium klorida yang digunakan divariasi 0,5; 0,75 dan 1 M. Sebagai kontrol dilakukan ekstraksi alginat melalui jalur asam alginat yang dikembangkan di Balai Besar Riset Pengolahan Produk dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan, Jakarta. Parameter kualitas alginat yang diamati meliputi rendemen alginat, kenampakan produk, viskositas dan kekuatan gel yang dihasilkan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa rendemen alginat yang dihasilkan berturut-turut sebesar 32,67; 44,67 dan 53,33 % dan untuk kontrol 31,67 %. Secara kenampakan, konsentrasi kalsium klorida tidak terlalu mempengaruhi kenampakan produk alginat yang dihasilkan, tetapi lebih gelap jika dibandingkan dengan produk hasil ekstraksi melalui jalur asam alginat. Viskositas alginat yang dihasilkan berturut-turut 149, 131 dan 144 cP, sementara untuk kontrol 304 cP. Secara umum kekuatan gel alginat yang dihasilkan dari jalur kalsium alginat lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan yang diekstrak melalui jalur asam alginat.
Perbaikan Sifat Mekanik dan Laju Transmisi Uap Air Edible Film dari Pati Ganyong Termodifikasi dengan Menggunakan Lilin Lebah dan Surfaktan
Authors: Santoso Budi , Pratam Filli , Hamzah Basuni , Pambayun Rindit
Published: August 2022

Edible film from ganyong starch without and with modification were incorporated by CMC and lecithin as surfactants. Edible film were characterized with respect to water vapor transmission rate and mechanical properties. Incorporation of CMC 2 % and lecithin 1 % as surfactants decreased water vapor transmission rate. Puncture strength decreased but still fulfill Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) 1975 min 50 gf.  Elongation of edible film increased and not fulfill JIS 1975 min 70 %.ABSTRAKEdible film pati ganyong sebelum dan setelah dimodifikasi ditambahkan surfaktan CMC dan lesitin. Karakteristik edible film yang diamati adalah laju transmisi uap air dan sifat mekanik (kuat tekan dan persen pemanjangan). Penambahan CMC dengan konsentrasi 2 % dan lesitin 1 % menurunkan laju transmisi uap air edible film pati ganyong. Kuat tekan edible film pati ganyong mengalami penurunan, namun masih memenuhi standar JIS 1975 minimal 50gf. Nilai persen pemanjangan edible film pati ganyong meningkat tetapi belum memenuhi standar JIS 1975.
Produksi Etanol dari Tetes Tebu oleh Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pembentuk Flok (NRRL – Y 265)
Authors: Wardani Agustin Krisna , Eka Pertiwi Fenty Nurtyastuti
Published: August 2022

The potential use of sugar cane molasses by flocculant Saccharomyces cerevisiae in ethanol production was investigated. In order to minimize the negative effect of calcium on yeast growth, pretreated sugar cane molasses with dilute acid was performed. The influence of process parameters such as sugar concentration and inoculum concentration were evaluated for enhancing bioethanol production. Result showed that maximum ethanol concentration of 8,792% (b/v) was obtained at the best condition of inoculum concentration 10% (v/v) and sugar concentration 15% (b/v). Based on the experimental data, maximum yield of ethanol production of 65% was obtained. This result demonstrated the potential of molasses as promising biomass resources for ethanol production.ABSTRAKEfisiensi produksi bioetanol diperoleh melalui ketepatan pemilihan jenis mikroorganisme, bahan baku, dan kontrol proses fermentasi. Alternatif proses untuk meminimalisasi biaya produksi etanol adalah dengan mengeliminasi tahap pemisahan sentrifugasi sel dari produk karena memerlukan biaya instalasi dan biaya perawatan yang tinggi. Proses sentrifugasi merupakan tahapan penting untuk memisahkan sel mikroba dari medium fermentasi pada produksi bioetanol. Untuk meminimalisir biaya produksi akibat proses tersebut digunakan inokulum Saccharomyces cerevisiae pembentuk flok dan tetes tebu sebagai sumber gula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi penambahan inokulum Saccharomyces cerevisiae pembentuk flok dan konsentrasi sumber gula dalam tetes tebu yang tepat dalam produksi etanol yang maksimum. Saccharomyces cerevisiae sebanyak 5%, 10%, dan 15% (v/v) diinokulasikan pada medium tetes tebu hasil pretreatment dengan kandungan gula 15%, 20%, dan 25% (b/v) pada pH 5. Fermentasi dilakukan pada suhu 30°C dan agitasi 100 rpm selama 72 jam. Etanol tertinggi didapat pada kondisi konsentrasi inokulum 10% (v/v) dan konsentrasi sumber gula 15% (b/v) yaitu sebesar 8, 792% (b/v) dengan yield etanol sebesar 65%.
Triterpenoids from Stem Bark of Dysoxylum excelsum and Their Cytotoxic Activity against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Meilanie Sylvia Rachmawati , Mayanti Tri , Nurlelasari Nurlelasari , Huspa Desi Harneti Putri , Maharani Rani , Zainuddin Achmad , Darwati Darwati , Julaeha Euis , Supratman Unang , Al Anshori Jamaludin
Published: August 2022

The diversity of structures of triterpenoids provides a variety of interesting pharmacological effects, one of them being anticancer. Sources of triterpenoids are found in Dysoxylum excelsum, it is still rarely studied, and it potentially contains triterpenoids with cytotoxic activity. Therefore, the research aimed to isolate the triterpenoids from the stem bark of D. excelsum and determine their cytotoxic efficacy against the breast cancer cells of MCF-7. The dried stem bark of D. excelsum was macerated using methanol and then fractionated with n-hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain the corresponding fractions. Two triterpenoids, 3α,7α-dihydroxyapotirucalla-14,24-Z-dien-26-oic acid (1) and masticadienonic acid or 3-oxo-tirucalla-7,24-Z-dien-26-oic acid (2) were isolated in the first place from the Dysoxylum genus. Compounds 1 and 2 were assayed for their cytotoxic potency anti- MCF-7 using the MTT assay and gave moderate IC50 values of 60.87 and 72.86 µM, respectively. Based on their analogs, partial structure modification of the compounds might increase the activity; thus, it can be further utilized as better lead compounds for anticancer drugs candidate.
IN SILICO PREDICTION OF POTENTIAL INHIBITORS FOR THE M2 PROTEIN OF INFLUENZA A VIRUS USING MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES
Authors: JHA VIKAS , DHAMAPURKAR VRUSHALI , THAKUR KABIR , KAUR NAVDEEP , PATEL REETIKESH , DEVKAR SAKSHI , BHARGAVA AGRAJ , MAITI SATHI , SHAIKH MOHD. ASLAM , JAIN TISHA
Published: August 2022

Objective: In this study, the M2 protein of influenza A virus was selected as a target for various phytochemical compounds and an attempt was made to determine their inhibitory activity against the target protein using computational biology. Thus, seeking novel therapeutic strategies against the influenza A virus. Methods: With the aid of the computational approach in biology, using in-silico techniques, the evaluation of drug-likeness, molecular properties, and bioactivity of the identified eight phytocompounds (Pseudo beta colubrine, Withaferin, Shinjulactone D, 5-Dehydrouzarigenin, Cinchonidine, Corylidin, Amarolide, and Deoxyartemisinin) was carried out using Swiss absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, while Protox-II server was used to identify its toxicity. The in silico molecular docking of the phytochemical ligands with the M2 protein motif was carried out using AutoDock (Vina), which evaluated the binding affinity for further selection of the most compatible and pharmacologically significant ligand. All the potent ligands could be considered as lead molecules based on their pharmacokinetic and drug likeness properties. Results: Results suggested that Shinjulactone D, Cinchonidine, and Deoxyartemisinin ligands with the best binding pose could be selected as promising candidate, showing high potency for drug development. Conclusion: This study concludes the relevance of selected phytochemical compounds as prospective leads for the treatment of influenza A virus.
EFFECT OF FENOFIBRATE AND GEMFIBROZIL IN SODIUM NITRITE-INDUCED ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA IN MALE WISTAR RATS
Authors: SHUJAUDDIN  , HASHILKAR NAYANA K. , MISHRA SANJAY KUMAR , ANSARI ZAFAR MASOOD
Published: August 2022

Objectives: The present study was planned to study the effect of fenofibrate and gemfibrozil on sodium nitrite-induced anterograde amnesia in male Wistar rats.
Methods: Anterograde amnesia was induced by 75 mg/kg of sodium nitrite in six groups (eight in each group) of male Wistar rats (150–180 g). Fenofibrate (21 mg/kg and 18 mg/kg) and gemfibrozil (108 and 21 mg/kg) were used as test drugs. The paradigm used was Morris water maze, where a hidden platform was kept for the rat to escape from the water. Rats were trained to locate a hidden platform by releasing them into water for 4 times a day for 4 consecutive days. The acquisition of this task was measured by noting the time taken to escape to the platform. On the 6th day of the study, retrieval of this learnt task was measured by noting the time taken to search for the missing hidden platform. The time taken by the rats during the acquisition and retrieval tasks in fenofibrate and gemfibrozil treated groups were measured and compared with disease control group. On the 6th day (retrieval trial), only vehicle (distilled water oral) was administered to the groups.
Results: Fenofibrate and gemfibrozil completely ameliorated the anterograde amnesia. The mean escape latency time of both fenofibrate and gemfibrozil administered rats was significantly reduced with respect to sodium nitrite group while, retrieval time increased significantly. However, the same group of rats showed significant retrieval of task memory.
Conclusion: In the present study, fenofibrate and gemfibrozil ameliorated chemical hypoxia-induced anterograde amnesia. Both can potentially inhibit oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration at the commonly prescribed clinical doses. In addition to their hypolipidemic effect, they can also prevent modifiable risk factors of chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Further studies are needed to substantiate these findings.
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN CAREGIVERS OF CORONAPOSITIVE PATIENTS ADMITTED IN GURU NANAK DEV HOSPITAL UNDER GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, AMRITSAR
Authors: ARORA RAJIV , SINGH KHUSHBINDER , KAUR MANMEET , SIDHU RAMINDER
Published: August 2022

Objective: The objective of the study was to find out the sociodemographic profile and psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the key caregivers of COVID-19 patients.
Methods: The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic was measured using DASS-21 scale in a sample of 100 caregivers of corona-positive patients admitted in Guru Nanak Dev Hospital under Govt. Medical College.
Results: In our study, majority of the family caregivers of corona-positive patients in the hospital setting were male (76%), belonged to 21–40 years age group (58%), wedded (64%), Sikh by religion (69%), employed (58%), and from rural region (56%). Caregivers showed extremely severe depression (30.58±6.521), extremely severe anxiety (29.34±7.130), and severe stress (29.14±5694). Participants with increasing age showed higher levels depression, anxiety, and stress scores but significant association was seen only with mean anxiety scores with increasing age (p<0.05). A significant association was seen between mean scores of stress and education status (p<0.05). A significant association was also seen between mean scores of anxiety and stress scores and nuptial status (p<0.05). No significant associations were seen between gender of caregivers, employment status, religion, family type, and mean depression, anxiety, and stress scores (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of family caregivers of COVID-19 cases is significant.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF THYROID DISORDER IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: SHEKHAR RAVI
Published: August 2022

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess thyroid function in diabetes mellitus by estimating free T3, free T4, and TSH in type 2 diabetic subjects, and the correlation between TSH and HbA1c.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted at the Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Science in Bengaluru, Karnataka, and a total of 75 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were enrolled for this study from January 2020 to January 2021.
Results: The prevalence of thyroid disorder among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was 14.7% (11). Out of 11 cases, 4 (5.4%) cases belonged to hypothyroidism, 1 (1.3%) case was hyperthyroidism, 6 (8.0%) cases were subclinical hypothyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism cases were not found in this study. Normal thyroid function was found in 64 (85.3%) cases.
Conclusion: Thyroid disorders are more prevalent in people with type 2 diabetes. Female diabetics are more likely to have this finding. Subclinical hypothyroidism is the most frequent thyroid disorder. Thyroid disorders are more commonly associated with diabetes among people with diabetes who have poor metabolic control.
Actigraphy to Evaluate Changes in Physical Activity After Autologous Breast Reconstruction- A Prospective Comparison Study
Authors: PRUSTY KRISHNA PRASAD
Published: August 2022

Background-Early ambulation and return to preoperative (baseline) ambulatory level is protective against postoperative venous thromboembolism. The duration of decreased physical activity after surgery is unknown for most procedures, as surgeons typically estimate physical recovery based on subjective patient reporting.

Objectives- To quantify the time it takes to return to baseline ambulatory status after breast reconstruction using actigraphy devices.

Methods- Actigraphy devices were used to evaluate preoperative and postoperative physical activity levels in patients undergoing autologous breast reconstruction at a tertiary care institution. Steps and resting heart rate (HR) were used as metrics of physical activity and physiological state. "Baseline" physical activity was defined by the average daily step count during the 14 days before surgery. "Return to baseline" occurred when the 7-day daily step average was greater than or equal to 95% of their baseline steps. SPSS (version 22.0) was used for analysis.

Results- From May 2020 to April 2021, 30 patients were enrolled in the study before deep inferior epigastric perforator breast reconstruction. The mean age was 49.2 years and mean BMI was 28.6. This cohort averaged 7918 ± 3271 preoperative steps. Two patients returned to baseline activity by postoperative day 28. In total, 8 patients returned by postoperative week 8. Preoperative resting HR average was 73.4 ± 9.33 beats per minute. Actigraphy data demonstrated an initial decrease in activity,increase in sleep variability and increased heart rate that approached the patients’pre-operative normalized data as they recovered over time.

 

Conclusions:These data demonstrate that actigraphy data would be of interest topatients making breast reconstruction decisions and that the data can be successfullycollected to inform decision-making. These findings indicate that surgeons may underestimate the impact of surgery on physical decline and, consequently, may undertreat with venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.
PREVALENCE OF HYPOMAGNESEMIA IN CIRRHOSIS OF LIVER AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH SEVERITYOF THE DISEASE
Authors: G VEENA , JAMES REBECCA
Published: August 2022

Objectives: The objectives of the study are as follows: (1) To study the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in liver cirrhosis patients. (2) To evaluate association between hypomagnesemia and severity of liver disease.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional study for 1 year. Seventy-one liver cirrhosis patients attending medicine OPD and those admitted in ward, ICU at Government Medical College, Kozhikode. Informed consent was taken from 71 liver cirrhosis patients. Samples for serum magnesium, total bilirubin, and albumin were collected from cases in blood collection tube without anticoagulant and centrifuged to get serum. Estimation of magnesium was done using colorimetric end point method. Estimation of total bilirubin was done using Diazo method and that of serum albumin with Bromocresol Green dye method. SPSS (Version 22.0) was used for analysis.
Results: Among the study patients, hypomagnesemia was prevalent in majority (71.8%) of cases. The mean magnesium levels between different grades of liver cirrhosis were statistically significant at p=0.001. Levels of serum magnesium were significantly decreased with advancement of liver cirrhosis.
Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia is prevalent in liver cirrhosis patients. Serum magnesium decreases significantly with severity of liver cirrhosis. A routine assessment of serummagnesium in liver cirrhosis patients may be effective in management protocol ofliver cirrhosis.
TOXICITY AND TREATMENT OUTCOME OF ACCELERATED FRACTIONATION RADIOTHERAPY VERSUS CONVENTIONAL FRACTIONATED CONCOMITANT CHEMORADIATION IN LOCALLY ADVANCED CERVICAL CARCINOMA: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: DARIPA SHARMISTHA , BANERJEE SAPTARSHI , SADHYA APARAJITA , BERA ANJAN
Published: August 2022

Objectives: The benefit of concurrent chemoradiation is often not achievable due to poor tolerance due to increased toxicity, which is a common problem in our setting, where a significant portion of carcinoma cervix patients presents at an elderly age, with medical comorbidities, and with poor performance status. In addition, many patients refuse chemotherapy. Accelerated radiation therapy remains one of the possible alternatives there. Hence, we would like to perform a prospective study to compare treatment results between Pure Accelerated Radiation versus Concomitant Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Cervix.
Methods: After the initial investigative work, a total of 62 histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of cervix locally advanced stage (FIGO-stage IB2 to IVA.) with ECOG performance status 0–2 patients were randomized into two arms: Arm A (Study arm, n=30) – Patients received Six fractions per week of External Beam Radiotherapy without chemotherapy and Arm B (Control arm, n=32) patients received concurrent chemoradiation with Five fractions per week of radiation with Weekly Injection of Cisplatin at the dose of 40 mg/m2.
Results: Overall response rates between the two arms were similar and statistically not significant (p=0.352). All acute late toxicities are similar in both arms except acute renal toxicity which is more in the control arm and the difference is statistically significant (p=0.005).
Conclusions: In developing countries like India with limited treatment facilities, pure accelerated RT with brachytherapy, without concurrent chemotherapy, may be a good option and it can be viewed as an equally effective option for the elderly patients, the patients who refuse, those who have contraindications for chemotherapy, or have comorbidities. Further, multicenter, controlled, and Phase III trials will be needed to prove the benefit of the shortening overall treatment time and compare the efficacy with chemoradiation.
Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Development of Escherichia coli on Different Surfaces
Authors: Monisha B. Anu , Bharathy L. Sugantha , Premkumar K. , Sathiyamurthy K.
Published: August 2022

The goal of this research is on antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli on different surfaces. 37 E.coli isolates were obtained from K.A.P. Viswanatham Government Medical College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. Biochemical assays were used to re-confirm all the isolates. Ampicillin, Cefepime, Cefotaxime, Co-trimoxazole, Tetracycline and Levofloxacin showed substantial levels of resistance. Meropenem, Tigecycline, and Colistin showed the least amount of resistance. 75.6% of the E.coli strains were multidrug resistant (MDR). Biofilm formation of E.coli was higher in TSBG than in TSB in all (polystyrene, polypropylene, glass and stainless steel) surfaces. It is evident that the presence of glucose or any sugar substrate promotes biofilm development, resulting in notable antibiotic resistance. This situation is hazardous to human health.
Management of H. pylori Induced Peptic ulcer – A Phytotherapeutic Approach
Authors: Lenka Sudhansubala , Bhuyan Ruchi
Published: August 2022

A peptic ulcer is a chronic infectious disease that creates erosion on the epithelial lining of the stomach. It is a commonly encountered problem in the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). Patients failed multiple regimens due to resistant H. pylori infection. H. pylori show maximum resistance towards Clarithromycin. Due to the consistent increase in resistance there is urgent need for the development of new drugs. Paying much for the antibiotic treatment one should go for the natural treatments with no side effects. Modern treatment of peptic ulcers emphasizes diet with routinely recommend hospitalization of several weeks. Currently, a lot of medications are coming out of natural products. The phytotherapeutic approach for the resistant H.pylori treatment is assessed. The plant produces many secondary metabolic substances which have a lot of beneficial roles in maintaining human health. Administration of plant products would prevent disease and able to eradicate resistant H.pylori. This review includes many phytoproducts having a wide range of antimicrobial activity. Reviewed phytoproducts includes Phytoceutical, Caffeic acid, phenethyl ester, Flavonoid, Capsaicin, Carotenoid, etc are effective treatment against H.pylori. To see their effect on the resistant H.pylori and to manage this resistant bacteria with an application of plant products is the prime concern of this review. The linkage between phytochemical and peptic ulcers will provide a novel framework for the future.
Exploration of NADI in Context of SHARIR
Authors: Yadav Dr. Sunil Kumar , Anita Dr.
Published: August 2022

Abstract: The word Nadi means 'flow'. In this sense, Nadis are subtle flows of energy. Nadis are not to be confused with nerves, which are related to the physical body; rather than energy body. The network of Nadis is so subtle and complex that yogic texts differ in their exact number. According to Goraksha Samhita and Hatha Yoga Pradipika Nadi are 72,000; Prapanchasara Tantra gives the number of 300,000; while the Shiva Samhita states that 350,000 Nadis emerge from the navel centre. The body of energy has its own anatomy, based on seven major energy vortices called Chakras. The word Chakra means circle, wheel or disk. The Chakra line up along a central energy channel or Nadi, which runs from the base of the spine to the the top of the head. It is called the Sushumna. The life force's main pathway through the energy body is called Sushumna (Kundalini). Primary there is central Sushumna and two others on either side. The left-side channel is the Ida. Its qualities are cool, soft, reflective, sensitive and like the moon. The Pingala or right-side channel is associated with heat, activity, and strength and much like the sun. The balance of energy flow on these two sides, affects the sensations of heat and cold in the physical body. These two channels originate in Sushumna, near the base of the spine (bulb or Kanda), and correspond to the first Chakra, Muladhara. At each of upper Chakras, as they crisscross & ascend the Sushumna. According to Gherand Samhita, “When the Nadis are full of impurities, Vayu does not enter them.” The signs of free from impurities are lean body, glowing colour, eyes are clear, body is healthy, Bindu under control, and appetite increases.
Engineering Application of Natural Fibers and Its Properties: A Review
Authors: Kumar Anil , Rana Pankaj , Singh Harpreet , Singh Jaswinder
Published: August 2022

Abstract: This paper is based on a study of natural fiber, its properties and its application in Today’s world Natural fiber composite is the vastest field of research for engineers, professionals and scientists due to its countless properties like biodegradability, less-cost material, low weight, biodegradable, good mechanical properties, ease of availability and microstructural properties. A literature survey has been done on natural fibers (jute, sisal, kenaf, cotton, cotton straw, coir, abaca banana, hemp, neem, etc) and their utilization. This paper represents a review of various natural fibers (Sisal, Abaca and Hemp), their mechanical properties and their application.