bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear optical properties of GaN/AlN constant total effective radius multi-wells quantum rings
Authors: Solaimani M.
Published: October 2014

In this study, we investigate the effect of the number of wells and ring thickness on the third-order absorption coefficient as well as figure dipole matrix elements and oscillator strength of multi-wells GaN / AlN constant total effective radius multi-wells quantum rings (CTER-MWQRs). We show that order of the nonlinearity decreases by increasing of the number of wells by going from 1 to 2 numbers of wells and increases by going from 2 to 10 numbers of wells. This is just against the effect of the inner quantum ring radius R0 values, since order of the nonlinearity increases by increasing of the R0 value by going from 0 nm to 5 nm and decreases by going from 5 nm to 30 nm for an eight wells CTER-MWQRs. Finally, we prove that, if we want to construct a system which has a special peak position, changing of the R0 values is more efficient than changing of the number of wells.
Fabrication and characterization of high density silicon quantum dots in gradient Si-rich carbide films
Authors: Chen Xiaobo
Published: October 2014

Gradient Si -rich carbide (GSRC) thin films were deposited on monocrystalline silicon wafers and quartz substrates by magnetron co-sputtering, with subsequent thermal annealing by rapid thermal processing. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, grazing incident X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, and Hall measurements were used to analyze the microstructure and conductivity of the films. It was observed that bonding configurations, microstructure and conductivity properties changes with the annealing temperature from 700°C to 1000°C. The experimental results demonstrate that Si QDs with crystal volume fraction of 72.5%, average size of 4.5 nm, and number density of ~2 ×1012 cm -2 embedded in the amorphous SiC matrix can be formed using a GSRC multilayer structure, with subsequent annealing at 1000°C. The 1000°C annealed thin film possesses a conductivity of ~5 S ⋅ cm -1, which can be attributed to high carrier transport efficiency caused by high Si QD density.
The nanocrystalline structure ofTiO2film deposited by DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature
Authors: Liu Jindong , Ding Wanyu , Wang Hualin , Liu Shimin , Jiang Weiwei , Liu Chaoqian , Wang Nan , Chai Weiping
Published: October 2014

At room temperature, titanium dioxide ( TiO2) films were deposited by the direct current pulse magnetron sputtering technique. Varying O2/ Ar flow ratio, TiO2films with different nanocrystalline structures were obtained. The high resolution transmission electron microscopy results show that with O2/ Ar = 6/14, the nanocrystalline in rutile phase appears in as-deposited film. Then X-ray diffraction patterns of annealed films revealed that with O2/ Ar = 6/14, the higher weight fractions of rutile TiO2appear in films. The optical emission spectroscopy results show that with O2/ Ar < 6/14, O element was mainly existed as O-/ O+ions, instead of excited state of O atoms.
Finding the Real Differences Between Learning Algorithms
Authors: Rudolph George , Martinez Tony
Published: October 2014

In the process of selecting a machine learning algorithm to solve a problem, questions like the following commonly arise: (1) Are some algorithms basically the same, or are they fundamentally different? (2) How different? (3) How do we measure that difference? (4) If we want to combine algorithms, what algorithms and combinators should be tried? This research proposes COD (Classifier Output Difference) distance as a diversity metric. COD separates difference from accuracy, COD goes beyond accuracy to consider differences in output behavior as the basis for comparison. The paper extends earlier on COD by giving a basic comparison to other diversity metrics, and by giving an example of using COD data as a predictive model from which to select algorithms to include in an ensemble. COD may fill a niche in metalearning as a predictive aid to selecting algorithms for ensembles and hybrid systems by providing a simple, straightforward, computationally reasonable alternative to other approaches.
Recognizing Topological Analogy in Semantic Network
Authors: Trifunovic Milan , Stojkovic Milos , Misic Dragan , Trajanovic Miroslav , Manic Miodrag
Published: October 2014

Recognizing topological analogy between the parts of semantic network seems to be very important step in the process of semantic categorization and interpretation of data that are embedded into the semantic network. Considering the semantic network as a set of graphs, recognition of topological analogy between the parts of semantic network can be treated as maximum common subgraph problem which falls in the group of exact graph matching problems. In this paper authors propose a new algorithm for maximum common subgraph detection aimed to a specific semantic network called Active Semantic Model (ASM). This semantic network can be represented as the set of labeled directed multigraphs with unique node labels. The structure of these graphs is specific because associations or edges are labeled with several attributes and some of them are related to nodes connected by edge. That kind of association-oriented structure enables associations or edges to play key role in the process of semantic categorization and interpretation of data. Furthermore, this kind of structure enables modeling semantic contexts in a form of semantically designated graphs (of associations). Proposed algorithm is capable of recognizing simultaneously maximum common subgraph of input graph and each of the graphs representing different contexts in ASM semantic network.
CREDIT RISK VALUATION WITH RATING TRANSITIONS AND PARTIAL INFORMATION
Authors: HAINAUT DONATIEN , ROBERT CHRISTIAN YANN
Published: October 2014

This work intends to shed some light on a new use of Phase-type distributions in credit risk, taking into account different flows of information without huge numerical calculations. We consider credit migration models with partial information and study the influence of a deficit of information on prices of credit linked securities. The transitions through the various credit classes are modeled via a continuous time Markov chain but they are not directly observable by investors in the secondary market. We first consider the case of one bond issuer and study three settings of partial information. In a first model, information about ratings arrives at predetermined dates with delay periods. In a second model, information arrives randomly according to an exogenous Poisson process, whereas in a third model, information arrives randomly according to an endogenous rule (transitions are observed only when they lead the Markov chain to a class with a lower credit rating). We infer in the three settings bonds and options prices, and we provide an explicit description of the dynamics of bond prices under real and pricing measures. We also consider the case of several bond issuers. We first study a model for two different issuers and analyze the cross effects of deficit of information and contagion on bonds prices and correlation of default times. We then propose a model for several homogeneous issuers. Finally, numerical illustrations show the relevance of taking into account deficits of information on prices of credit linked securities.
Dependent theories and the generic pair conjecture
Authors: Shelah Saharon
Published: October 2014

We try to understand complete types over a somewhat saturated model of a complete first-order theory which is dependent (previously called NIP), by "decomposition theorems for such types". Our thesis is that the picture of dependent theory is the combination of the one for stable theories and the one for the theory of dense linear order or trees (and first, we should try to understand the quite saturated case). As a measure of our progress, we give several applications considering some test questions; in particular, we try to prove the generic pair conjecture and do it for measurable cardinals.
Cleft comodules over Hopf quasigroups
Authors: Álvarez J. N. Alonso , Vilaboa J. M. Fernández , Rodríguez R. González , Calvo C. Soneira
Published: October 2014

In this paper, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a cleft right H-comodule algebra (A, ϱA) over a Hopf quasigroup H to be isomorphic as an algebra to the crossed product AH♯σAHH, where AH is the coinvariants subalgebra of A and σAH is a morphism between H ⊗ H and AH. As a consequence, we obtain the corresponding version in the nonassociative setting of the result given by Blattner, Cohen and Montgomery for projections of Hopf algebras with coalgebra splitting. Concrete examples satisfying the obtained conditions are provided.
Almost h-semi-slant Riemannian maps to almost quaternionic Hermitian manifolds
Authors: Park Kwang-Soon
Published: October 2014

We introduce the notions of almost h-slant Riemannian maps, almost h-semi-invariant Riemannian maps, and almost h-semi-slant Riemannian maps from Riemannian manifolds to almost quaternionic Hermitian manifolds. We investigate the harmonicity of such maps and the geometry of distributions. We also find the conditions for such maps to be totally geodesic, relate the notion of pseudo-horizontally weakly conformal maps to those notions, and give some examples of such maps.
Endomorphism algebras over weak (α, β)-Yetter–Drinfeld modules
Authors: Liu Ling , Shen Bingliang
Published: October 2014

Let H be a weak Hopf algebra with a bijective antipode, α, β ∈ Autweak Hopf(H) and M a finite-dimensional weak (α, β)-Yetter–Drinfeld module. Then in this paper we prove that the endomorphism algebras EndHs(M) and EndHt(M)opendowed with certain structures become algebras inH𝒲𝒴𝒟Hand we also study the isomorphic relations between different endomorphism algebras. We prove that EndHs(M) endowed with certain structures becomes an H-Azumaya algebra.
Some results on the complement of the annihilating ideal graph of a commutative ring
Authors: Visweswaran S. , Patel Hiren D.
Published: October 2014

Rings considered in this article are commutative with identity which admit at least one nonzero annihilating ideal. For such a ring R, we determine necessary and sufficient conditions in order that the complement of its annihilating ideal graph is connected and also find its diameter when it is connected. We discuss the girth of the complement of the annihilating ideal graph of R and prove that it is either equal to 3 or ∞. We also present a necessary and sufficient condition for the complement of the annihilating ideal graph to be complemented.
Group-graded and group-bigraded rings
Authors: Hoshino Mitsuo , Kameyama Noritsugu , Koga Hirotaka
Published: October 2014

Let I be a nontrivial finite multiplicative group with the unit element e and A = ⨁x∈I Ax an I-graded ring. We construct a Frobenius extension Λ of A and study when the ring extension A of Ae can be a Frobenius extension. Also, formulating the ring structure of Λ, we introduce the notion of I-bigraded rings and show that every I-bigraded ring is isomorphic to the I-bigraded ring Λ constructed above.
Simple semigroup graded rings
Authors: Nystedt Patrik , Öinert Johan
Published: October 2014

We show that if R is a, not necessarily unital, ring graded by a semigroup G equipped with an idempotent e such that G is cancellative at e, the nonzero elements of eGe form a hypercentral group and Re has a nonzero idempotent f, then R is simple if and only if it is graded simple and the center of the corner subring f ReGe f is a field. This is a generalization of a result of Jespers' on the simplicity of a unital ring graded by a hypercentral group. We apply our result to partial skew group rings and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the simplicity of a, not necessarily unital, partial skew group ring by a hypercentral group. Thereby, we generalize a very recent result of Gonçalves'. We also point out how Jespers' result immediately implies a generalization of a simplicity result, recently obtained by Baraviera, Cortes and Soares, for crossed products by twisted partial actions.
Evolution algebras and graphs
Authors: Elduque Alberto , Labra Alicia
Published: October 2014

A digraph is attached to any evolution algebra. This graph leads to some new purely algebraic results on this class of algebras and allows for some new natural proofs of known results. Nilpotency of an evolution algebra will be proved to be equivalent to the nonexistence of oriented cycles in the graph. Besides, the automorphism group of any evolution algebra ℰ with ℰ = ℰ2 will be shown to be always finite.
Subquotients of one-sided triangulated categories by rigid subcategories as module categories
Authors: Lin Zengqiang , Zhang Yang
Published: October 2014

We prove that certain subquotient categories of one-sided triangulated categories are module categories, and in some cases, they are abelian. This unifies a result by Koenig–Zhu for triangulated categories and a result by Demonet–Liu for exact categories.
The proof of a conjecture in Jacobson graph of a commutative ring
Authors: Akbari S. , Khojasteh S. , Yousefzadehfard A.
Published: October 2014

Let R be a commutative ring with nonzero identity. The Jacobson graph of R denoted by 𝔍R is a graph with the vertex set R\J(R), and two distinct vertices x, y ∈ V(𝔍R) are adjacent if and only if 1 - xy ∉ U(R), where U(R) is the set of all unit elements of R. Let ω(𝔍R) denote the clique number of 𝔍R. It was conjectured that if [Formula: see text] is a commutative finite ring and (Ri, 𝔪i) is a local ring, for i = 1, …, n, then [Formula: see text], where Fi = Ri/𝔪i, for i = 1, …, n. In this paper, we prove that if R is a commutative ring (not necessarily finite) and R is not a field, then ω(𝔍R) = max 𝔪∈ Max (R) |𝔪| and using this we show that the aforementioned conjecture holds.
ANALYTICAL APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS TO LARGE-AMPLITUDE FREE VIBRATIONS OF UNIFORM BEAMS ON PASTERNAK FOUNDATION
Authors: YU YONGPING , WU BAISHENG
Published: October 2014

This paper is concerned with the large-amplitude vibration behavior of simply supported and clamped uniform beams, with axially immovable ends, on Pasternak foundation. The combination of Newton's method and harmonic balance one is used to deal with these vibrations. Explicit and brief analytical approximations to nonlinear frequency and periodic solution of the beams for various values of the two stiffness parameters of the Pasternak foundation, small as well as large amplitudes of oscillation are presented. The analytical approximate results show excellent agreement with those from numerical integration scheme. Due to brevity of expressions, the present analytical approximate solutions are convenient to investigate effects of various parameters on the large-amplitude vibration response of the beams.
AN INNOVATIVE PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING CONTACT FORCE DURING IMPACT
Authors: YANG YI , SUN JING , LAM NELSON , ZHANG LIHAI , GAD EMAD
Published: October 2014

Certain types of damage generated by the impact of a solid object are correlated with the amount of force that is localized around the area of contact between the impactor and the surface of the target. The stiffer the impactor, the higher the contact force when the amount of impulse delivered by the impact is held constant. Thus, realistic simulations of the contact force by finite element analysis (FEA) require representative, and detailed, information of the dynamic compressive properties of both the impactor and the target. In situations where relevant properties of the impactor material have not been documented, the estimation of contact force is filled with uncertainties. In addressing this challenge an innovative experimental–simulation calibration procedure involving the use of a custom made (inexpensive) tubular device is presented in this paper for measuring the dynamic compressive stiffness properties of impactor objects. Given the calibrated values the amount of contact force generated by the same impactor material in projected scenarios could be simulated with good accuracies for predicting damage.
Analysis of epidemic spreading with feedback mechanism in weighted networks
Authors: Zhang Jiancheng , Sun Jitao
Published: October 2014

In this paper, we investigate a new model with a generalized feedback mechanism in weighted networks. Compare to previous models, we consider the initiative response of people and the important impact of nodes with different edges on transmission rate as epidemics prevail. Furthermore, by constructing Lyapunov function, we prove that the disease-free equilibrium E0 is globally asymptotically stable as the epidemic threshold R* < 1. When R* > 1, we obtain the permanence of epidemic and the local stability of endemic equilibrium E*. Finally, one can find a good agreement between numerical simulations and our analytical results.
A computer-based image analysis for tear ferning featuring
Authors: Saad Ali S. , El-Hiti Gamal A. , Masmali Ali M.
Published: October 2014

The present work focuses on the development of a novel computer-based approach for tear ferning (TF) featuring. The original TF images of the recently developed five-point grading scale have been used to assign a grade for any TF image automatically. A vector characteristic (VC) representing each grade was built using the reference images. A weighted combination between features selected from textures analysis using gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), power spectrum (PS) analysis and linear specificity of the image were used to build the VC of each grade. A total of 14 features from texture analysis were used. PS at different frequency points and number of line segments in each image were also used. Five features from GLCM have shown significant differences between the recently developed grading scale images which are: angular second moment at 0° and 45°, contrast, and correlation at 0° and 45° these five features were all included in the characteristic vector. Three specific power frequencies were used in the VC because of the discrimination power. Number of line segments was also chosen because of dissimilarities between images. A VC for each grade of TF reference images was constructed and was found to be significantly different from each other's. This is a basic and fundamental step toward an automatic grading for computer-based diagnosis for dry eye.
Luminescence properties and first principles calculations of Dy3+ activated Sr3B2O6 phosphors
Authors: Cai Lihan , Li Xiaodan , Cheng Qijin , Zheng Jianghui , Fan Baodian , Chen Chao
Published: October 2014

A novel white-light-emitting Sr 3 B 2 O 6: Dy 3+ phosphor was prepared by solid-state reactions and its luminescence properties were investigated. The excitation spectrum of obtained phosphor monitored at 479 nm covers a very broad spectral region from 320 nm to 460 nm with peaks at 323, 349, 363, 386, 427 and 456 nm. Under excitation at 349 nm, the phosphor exhibits a blue emission centered at 479 nm and a yellow emission centered at 574 nm. The optimal doping concentration of Dy 3+ is obtained to be 7 mol%, and the concentration quenching is observed when the concentration of Dy 3+ exceeds 7 mol%. This concentration quenching is due to the enhanced energy exchange among Dy 3+ ions. The CIE chromaticity coordinate (0.289, 0.302) of Sr 3-0.07 B 2 O 6:0.07 Dy 3+ located in the white-light region can be achieved. Theoretical calculations of electronic properties for Sr 3 B 2 O 6: Dy 3+ phosphor in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) were carried out. Our results suggest that the Sr 3 B 2 O 6: Dy 3+ phosphor is a promising single-component white-light-emitting material.
Generalization of Brody distribution for statistical investigation
Authors: Sabri H. , Hashemi Sh. S. , Maleki B. R. , Jafarizadeh M. A.
Published: October 2014

In this paper, Brody distribution is generalized to explore the Poisson, Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble and Gaussian Unitary Ensemble limits of Random Matrix Theory in the nearest neighbor spacing statistic framework. Parameters of new distribution are extracted via Maximum Likelihood Estimation technique for different sequences. This general distribution suggests more exact results in comparison with the results of other estimation methods and distribution functions.
TeV-Scale Strings
Authors: Berenstein David
Published: October 2014

This review discusses the status of string physics where the string tension is around the TeV scale. It covers model-building basics for perturbative strings, based on D-brane configurations. The effective low-energy physics description of such string constructions is analyzed: how anomaly cancellation is implemented, how fast proton decay is avoided, and how D-brane models lead to additional Z′ particles. This review also discusses direct search bounds for strings at the TeV scale, as well as theoretical issues with model building related to flavor physics and axions.
Chirp Signal Transform and Its Properties
Authors: Horai Mio , Kobayashi Hideo , Nitta Takashi G.
Published: October 2014

The chirp signalexp(iπ(x-y)2)is a typical example of CAZAC (constant amplitude zero autocorrelation) sequence. Using the chirp signals, the chirp z transform and the chirp-Fourier transform were defined in order to calculate the discrete Fourier transform. We define a transform directly from the chirp signals for an even or odd numberNand the continuous version. We study the fundamental properties of the transform and how it can be applied to recursion problems and differential equations. Furthermore, whenNis not prime and  N=ML, we define a transform skippedLand develop the theory for it.
Block Hybrid k-Step Backward Differentiation Formulas for Large Stiff Systems
Authors: Jator S. N. , Agyingi E.
Published: October 2014

This paper presents a generalized high order block hybrid k-step backward differentiation formula (HBDF) for solving stiff systems, including large systems resulting from the semidiscretization parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). A block scheme in which two off-grid points are specified by the zeros of the second degree Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind is examined for convergence, L and A stabilities. Numerical simulations that illustrate the accuracy of a Chebyshev based method are given for selected stiff systems and partial differential equations.
Modified Negative Staining of Heine for Fast and Inexpensive Screening of Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, and Cystoisospora spp.
Authors: Khanna Vinay , Tilak Kriti , Ghosh Archi , Mukhopadhyay Chiranjay
Published: October 2014

Negative staining technique of Heine is an easy, inexpensive, and rapid way of screening for coccidian parasites of the intestinal tract. But its use as a routine technique for screening of Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, and Cystoisospora is restricted due to its sensitivity being lower than the gold standard method of modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining. This paper emphasises the modification of original Heine staining technique which has been attempted in order to increase the sensitivity and detection of oocysts of Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, and Cystoisospora. Modified Heine staining technique using malachite green is a practical, safe, and sensitive method of detecting oocysts in stool specimens. While the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique is still considered the gold standard for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp., modified negative staining technique of Heine using malachite green stain should be considered as the screening technique of first choice.
Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics Evaluation of Ranitidine Microemulsion on Experimental Animals
Authors: Jha Sajal Kumar , Karki Roopa , Puttegowda Venkatesh Dinnekere , Ghosh Amitava
Published: October 2014

Ranitidine microemulsion was investigated for its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evaluation to find out the suitability of microemulsion as a potential drug delivery system in the treatment of ulcer. The bioavailability of ranitidine after oral administration is about 50% and is absorbed via the small intestine; this may be due to low intestinal permeability. Hence the aim of present investigation was to maximize the therapeutic efficacy of ranitidine by developing microemulsion to increase the intestinal permeability as well as bioavailability. A ground nut oil based microemulsion formulation with Tween-80 as surfactant and PEG-400 as cosurfactant was developed for oral delivery of ranitidine and characterized for physicochemical parameters. In pharmacodynamic studies, significant (P<0.05) variation in parameters estimated was found between the treated and control groups. Ranitidine microemulsion exhibited higher absorption and Cmax (863.20 ng·h/mL) than the standard (442.20 ng/mL). It was found that AUC0–24 hr obtained from the optimized ranitidine test formulation (5426.5 ng·h/mL) was significantly higher than the standard ranitidine (3920.4 ng·h/mL). The bioavailability of optimized formulation was about 1.4-fold higher than that of standard drug. This enhanced bioavailability of ranitidine microemulsion may be used as an effective and alternative drug delivery system for the antiulcer therapy.
A Survey of Modelling and Identification of Quadrotor Robot
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Li Xiaoli , Wang Kang , Lu Yanjun
Published: October 2014

A quadrotor is a rotorcraft capable of hover, forward flight, and VTOL and is emerging as a fundamental research and application platform at present with flexibility, adaptability, and ease of construction. Since a quadrotor is basically considered an unstable system with the characteristics of dynamics such as being intensively nonlinear, multivariable, strongly coupled, and underactuated, a precise and practical model is critical to control the vehicle which seems to be simple to operate. As a rotorcraft, the dynamics of a quadrotor is mainly dominated by the complicated aerodynamic effects of the rotors. This paper gives a tutorial of the platform configuration, methodology of modeling, comprehensive nonlinear model, the aerodynamic effects, and model identification for a quadrotor.
A New Fractional-Order Chaotic Complex System and Its Antisynchronization
Authors: Jiang Cuimei , Liu Shutang , Luo Chao
Published: October 2014

We propose a new fractional-order chaotic complex system and study its dynamical properties including symmetry, equilibria and their stability, and chaotic attractors. Chaotic behavior is verified
with phase portraits, bifurcation diagrams, the histories, and the largest Lyapunov exponents. And we find that chaos exists in this system with orders less than 5 by numerical simulation. Additionally, antisynchronization of different fractional-order chaotic complex systems is considered based on the stability theory of fractional-order systems. This new system and the fractional-order complex Lorenz system can achieve antisynchronization. Corresponding numerical simulations show the effectiveness and feasibility of the scheme.
Deregulation of Serum MicroRNA Expression Is Associated with Cigarette Smoking and Lung Cancer
Authors: Huang Jinkun , Wu Jianjun , Li Yuanqi , Li Xun , Yang Ti , Yang Qiaoyuan , Jiang Yiguo
Published: October 2014

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death and cigarette smoking is the main risk factor for lung cancer. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered potential biomarkers of various cancers, including lung cancer. However, it is unclear whether changes in circulating miRNAs are associated with smoking and smoking-related lung cancer. In this study, we determined the serum miRNA profiles of 10 nonsmokers, 10 smokers, and 10 lung-cancer patients with miRCURY LNA microRNA arrays. The differentially expressed miRNAs were then confirmed in a larger sample. We found that let-7i-3p and miR-154-5p were significantly downregulated in the sera of smokers and lung-cancer patients, so the serum levels of let-7i-3p and miR-154-5p are associated with smoking and smoking-related lung cancer. The areas under receiver operating characteristic curves for let-7i-3p and miR-154-5p were approximately 0.892 and 0.957, respectively. In conclusion, our results indicate that changes in serum miRNAs are associated with cigarette smoking and lung cancer and that let-7i-3p and miR-154-5p are potential biomarkers of smoking-related lung cancer.
A Note on the Minimal Period Problem for Second Order Hamiltonian Systems
Authors: Xiao Huafeng
Published: October 2014

We study periodic solutions of second order Hamiltonian systems with even potential. By making use of generalized Nehari manifold, some sufficient conditions are obtained to guarantee the multiplicity and minimality of periodic solutions for second order Hamiltonian systems. Our results generalize the outcome in the literature.
Analysis of Index Gases of Coal Spontaneous Combustion Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer
Authors: Tang Xiaojun , Liang Yuntao , Dong Haozhe , Sun Yong , Luo Haizhu
Published: October 2014

Analysis of the index gases of coal for the prevention of spontaneous combustion is of great importance for the enhancement of coal mine safety. In this work, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIRS) is presented to be used to analyze the index gases of coal in real time to monitor spontaneous combustion conditions. Both the instrument parameters and the analysis method are introduced at first by combining characteristics of the absorption spectra of the target analyte with the analysis requirements. Next, more than ten sets of the gas mixture containing ten components (CH4, C2H6, C3H8,iso-C4H10,n-C4H10, C2H4, C3H6, C2H2, CO, and CO2) are included and analyzed with aSpectrum TwoFTIRS made by Perkin Elmer. The testing results show that the detection limit of most analytes is less than2×10-6. All the detection limits meet the monitoring requirements of coal spontaneous combustion in China, which means that FTIRS may be an ideal instrument and the analysis method used in this paper is sufficient for spontaneous combustion gas monitoring on-line and even in situ, since FTIRS has many advantages such as fast analysis, being maintenance-free, and good safety.
Drought Analysis for Kuwait Using Standardized Precipitation Index
Authors: Almedeij Jaber
Published: October 2014

Implementation of adequate measures to assess and monitor droughts is recognized as a major matter challenging researchers involved in water resources management. The objective of this study is to assess the hydrologic drought characteristics from the historical rainfall records of Kuwait with arid environment by employing the criterion of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). A wide range of monthly total precipitation data from January 1967 to December 2009 is used for the assessment. The computation of the SPI series is performed for intermediate- and long-time scales of 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. The drought severity and duration are also estimated. The bivariate probability distribution for these two drought characteristics is constructed by using Clayton copula. It has been shown that the drought SPI series for the time scales examined have no systematic trend component but a seasonal pattern related to rainfall data. The results are used to perform univariate and bivariate frequency analyses for the drought events. The study will help evaluating the risk of future droughts in the region, assessing their consequences on economy, environment, and society, and adopting measures for mitigating the effect of droughts.
Cervical Dysplasia and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections among HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Adolescent Females in South Africa
Authors: Adler David H. , Wallace Melissa , Bennie Thola , Mrubata Megan , Abar Beau , Meiring Tracy L. , Williamson Anna-Lise , Bekker Linda-Gail
Published: October 2014

Background.HIV-infected adolescents may be at higher risk for high-grade cervical lesions than HIV-uninfected adolescents. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infections and Pap smear abnormalities between these two groups.Methods.In this cross-sectional study, we compared the HPV DNA and Pap smear results between 35 HIV-infected and 50 HIV-uninfected adolescents in order to determine the prevalence of HR-HPV genotypes and cervical cytological abnormalities. Comparisons were made using Pearsonχ2and independent-samplest-tests analyses, and associations between demographic and behavioral characteristics and HPV infections were examined.Results.HIV-infected participants were more likely to be infected with any HPV (88.6% versus 48.0%;P<0.001) and with at least one HR-HPV (60.0% versus 24.0%;P=0.001), and to have multiple concurrent HPV infections (68.6% versus 22.0%;P<0.001). HPV 16 and 18 were relatively underrepresented among HR-HPV infections. Abnormal Pap test results were more common among HIV-infected participants (28.8% versus 12.0%;P=0.054). A history of smoking was associated with HR-HPV infection.Conclusions.HIV-infected adolescents have an increased risk of infection with HR-HPV and of Pap test abnormalities. The majority of HR-HPV infections among our participants would not be prevented by the currently available vaccinations against HPV.
A Secure Operational Model for Mobile Payments
Authors: Chang Tao-Ku
Published: October 2014

Instead of paying by cash, check, or credit cards, customers can now also use their mobile devices to pay for a wide range of services and both digital and physical goods. However, customers’ security concerns are a major barrier to the broad adoption and use of mobile payments. In this paper we present the design of a secure operational model for mobile payments in which access control is based on a service-oriented architecture. A customer uses his/her mobile device to get authorization from a remote server and generate a two-dimensional barcode as the payment certificate. This payment certificate has a time limit and can be used once only. The system also provides the ability to remotely lock and disable the mobile payment service.
Langevin Diffusion in Holographic Backgrounds with Hyperscaling Violation
Authors: Sadeghi J. , Pourasadollah F.
Published: October 2014

We consider a relativistic heavy quark which moves in the quark-gluon plasmas. By using the holographic methods, we analyze the Langevin diffusion process of this relativistic heavy quark. This heavy quark is described by a trailing string attached to a flavor brane and moving at constant velocity. The fluctuations of this string are related to the thermal correlators and the correlation functions are precisely the kinds of objects that we compute in the gravity dual picture. We obtain the action of the trailing string in hyperscaling violation backgrounds and we then find the equations of motion. These equations lead us to constructing the Langevin correlator which helps us to obtain the Langevin constants. Using the Langevin correlators we derive the spectral densities and simple analytic expressions in the small- and large-frequency limits. We examine our works for planar andR-charged black holes with hyperscaling violation and find new constraints onθin the presence of velocityv.
Multicentric Spinal Tuberculosis with Sternoclavicular Joint Involvement: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Saibaba Balaji , Meena Umesh Kumar , Behera Prateek , Meena Ramesh Chand
Published: October 2014

Background. Tuberculosis is a chronic disease which may have varied presentations. Though pulmonary tuberculosis is the commonest, extrapulmonary tuberculosis involving skeletal system is often seen. Individuals with poor nourishment and immunological status are especially susceptible for disseminated and multicentric tuberculosis.Case Report. We here present a case of tuberculosis involving multiple anatomical locations in an immune-competent patient which was diagnosed with radiological studies and confirmed with histological examination. Patient was put on multidrug antitubercular therapy and responded well to the treatment with improvement in clinical and radiological picture.Clinical Relevance. This report of a rare case makes us aware of the varied presentations which tuberculosis can present with. It should be kept as a differential diagnosis in patients with cough and fever but not responding to conventional treatment. This is even more important in countries with poor socioeconomic conditions.
Uniform Attractor for the Fractional Nonautonomous Long-Short Wave Equations
Authors: Ge Huanmin , Xin Jie
Published: October 2014

We firstly proved the existence and the uniqueness of the solution for the2π-periodic fractional nonautonomous long-short wave equations with translation compact force by using Galerkin method and then obtained the compact uniform attractor of the system.
Establishment of an EfficientIn VitroRegeneration Protocol for Rapid and Mass Propagation ofDendrobium chrysotoxumLindl. Using Seed Culture
Authors: Nongdam Potshangbam , Tikendra Leimapokpam
Published: October 2014

An efficientin vitroregeneration protocol from seed culture has been established successfully forDendrobium chrysotoxum, an epiphytic orchid having tremendous ornamental and medicinal values. Seed germination response was encouraging in Mitra (M) medium enriched with different combinations of auxins and cytokinins. Medium supplemented with 0.4% activated charcoal (AC), 2 mg/L 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP), and 2 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) produced best seed germination percentage in 2 weeks of culture. Incorporation of higher concentration of kinetin (KN) or BAP in combination with low auxin in medium induced pronounced shooting and leaf formation. Reduction in leaf development was evident when cytokinins exist singly in medium indicating synergistic effect of auxin and cytokinin in leaf induction. Presence of elevated level of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) with low cytokinin content in medium generated morein vitrorooting, though IBA was found to be more effective in rooting induction as compared to NAA. Thein vitroprotocol for asymbiotic seed germination developed from the present investigation can be used for rapid mass propagation of this highly importantDendrobiumorchid species.
Global Dynamics of a Discretized Heroin Epidemic Model with Time Delay
Authors: Abdurahman Xamxinur , Zhang Ling , Teng Zhidong
Published: October 2014

We derive a discretized heroin epidemic model with delay by applying a nonstandard finite difference scheme. We obtain positivity of the solution and existence of the unique endemic equilibrium. We show that heroin-using free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction numberR0<1, and the heroin-using is permanent when the basic reproduction numberR0>1.
Miniaturized Bandpass Filter Using a Meandered Stepped-Impedance Resonator with a Meandered-Line Stub-Load on a GaAs Substrate
Authors: Chuluunbaatar Z. , Wang C. , Kim N. Y.
Published: October 2014

This paper reports a compact bandpass filter with improved skirt selectivity using integrated passive device fabrication technology on a GaAs substrate. The structure of the filter consists of electromagnetically coupled meandered-line symmetric stepped-impedance resonators. The strength of the coupling between the resonators is enhanced by using a meandered-line stub-load inside the resonators to improve the selectivity and miniaturize the size of the filter. In addition, the center frequency of the filter can be flexibly controlled by varying degrees of the capacitive coupling between resonator and stub-load. To verify the proposed concept, a protocol bandpass filter with center frequency of 6.53 GHz was designed, fabricated, and measured, with a return loss and insertion loss of 39.1 dB and 1.63 dB.
Use of Attack Graphs in Security Systems
Authors: Shandilya Vivek , Simmons Chris B. , Shiva Sajjan
Published: October 2014

Attack graphs have been used to model the vulnerabilities of the systems and their potential exploits. The successful exploits leading to the partial/total failure of the systems are subject of keen security interest. Considerable effort has been expended in exhaustive modeling, analyses, detection, and mitigation of attacks. One prominent methodology involves constructing attack graphs of the pertinent system for analysis and response strategies. This not only gives the simplified representation of the system, but also allows prioritizing the security properties whose violations are of greater concern, for both detection and repair. We present a survey and critical study of state-of-the-art technologies in attack graph generation and use in security system. Based on our research, we identify the potential, challenges, and direction of the current research in using attack graphs.
Microstructural Characterization and Wear Properties of Fe-Based Amorphous-Crystalline Coating Deposited by Twin Wire Arc Spraying
Authors: Arizmendi-Morquecho Ana , Campa-Castilla Araceli , Leyva-Porras C. , Aguilar Martinez Josué Almicar , Vargas Gutiérrez Gregorio , Moreno Bello Karla Judith , López López L.
Published: October 2014

Twin wire arc spraying (TWAS) was used to produce an amorphous crystalline Fe-based coating on AISI 1018 steel substrate using a commercial powder (140MXC) in order to improve microhardness and wear properties. The microstructures of coating were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as the powder precursor. Analysis in the coating showed the formation of an amorphous matrix with boron and tungsten carbides randomly dispersed. At high amplifications were identified boron carbides at interface boron carbide/amorphous matrix by TEM. This kind of carbides growth can be attributed to partial crystallization by heterogeneous nucleation. These interfaces have not been reported in the literature by thermal spraying process. The measurements of average microhardness on amorphous matrix and boron carbides were 9.1 and 23.85 GPa, respectively. By contrast, the microhardness values of unmelted boron carbide in the amorphous phase were higher than in the substrate, approaching 2.14 GPa. The relative wear resistance of coating was 5.6 times that of substrate. These results indicate that the twin wire arc spraying is a promising technique to prepare amorphous crystalline coatings.
Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress Markers in Wistar Rats following Oral and Repeated Exposure to Fijk Herbal Mixture
Authors: Adeyemi Oluyomi Stephen , Orekoya Bukola Temitope
Published: October 2014

This study determined the effect of the oral and repeated administration of Fijk herbal mixture on rat biochemical and morphological parameters. Twenty-four Wistar rats were distributed into four groups of 6. Group A served as control and received oral administration of distilled water daily. The experimental groups B, C, and D were daily and orally exposed to Fijk herbal mixture at 15, 30, and 45 mg/kg, respectively. Treatments lasted for 21 days. The rats were sacrificed under mild diethyl ether anesthesia 24 hr after cessation of treatment. The blood and liver samples were collected and used for the biochemical and morphological analyses. Oral exposure to Fijk caused elevated levels of rat plasma ALT, AST, triglycerides, LDL, and MDA. In contrast, rat plasma HDL, GSH, and ALP levels were lowered by Fijk oral exposure. Also, the herbal remedy caused a dose-dependent elevation in the plasma atherogenic index. The histopathology examinations of rat liver sections revealed inimical cellular alterations caused by repeated exposure to Fijk. Study provides evidence that oral and repeated exposure to Fijk in rats raised the atherogenic index and potentiated oxidative stress as well as hepatic injury.
An Allometric Algorithm for Fractal-Based Cobb-Douglas Function of Geographical Systems
Authors: Luo Hongyu , Chen Yanguang
Published: October 2014

The generalized Cobb-Douglas production function has been derived from a general input-output relation based on fractality assumptions. It was proved to be a useful self-affine model for geographical analysis. However, the ordinary least square calculation is always an ineffectual method for the Cobb-Douglas modeling because of the multicollinearity in the logarithmic linear regression. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to build the geographical Cobb-Douglas models. Combining the concept of allometric scaling with the linear regression technique, we obtain a simple algorithm that can be employed to estimate the parameters of the Cobb-Douglas function. As a case, the algorithm and models are applied to the public transportation of China’s cities, and the results validate the allometric algorithm. A conclusion can be drawn that the allometric analysis is an effective way of modeling geographical systems with the general Cobb-Douglas function. This study is significant for integrating the notions of allometry, fractals, and scaling into a new framework to form a quantitative methodology of spatial analysis.
Evaluation of a new nanoparticle-based lateral-flow immunoassay for the exclusion of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Authors: Hesberg Jakob , Santoso Sentot , Bein Gregor , Bakchoul Tamam , Sachs Ulrich
Published: October 2014

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an adverse complication of heparin caused by HIT antibodies (abs) that recognise platelet factor 4-heparin (PF4/hep) complexes. Several laboratory tests are available for the confirmation and/or refutation of HIT. A reliable and rapid singlesample test is still pending. It was the objective of this study to evaluate a new lateral-flow immunoassay based on nanoparticle technology. A cohort of 452 surgical and medical patients suspected of having HIT was evaluated. All samples were tested in two IgG-specific ELISAs, in a particle gel immunoassay (PaGIA) and in a newly developed lateral-flow immunoassay (LFI-HIT) as well as in a functional test (HIPA). Clinical pre-test probability was determined using 4T's score. Platelet-activating antibodies were present in 34/452 patients, all of whom had intermediate to high clinical probability. PF4/hep abs were detected in 79, 87, 86, and 63 sera using the four different immunoassays. The negative predictive values (NPV) were 100% for both ELISA tests and LFI-HIT but only 99.2% for PaGIA. There were less false positives (n=29) in the LFI-HIT compared to any other test. Additionally, significantly less time was required to perform LFI-HIT than to perform the other immunoassays. In conclusion, a newly developed lateral-flow assay, LFI-HIT, was capable of identifying all HIT patients in a cohort in a short period of time. Beside an NPV of 100%, the rate of false-positive signals is significantly lower with LFI-HIT than with other immunoassay(s). These performance characteristics suggest a high potency in reducing the risk and costs in patients suspected of having HIT.
Bargaining over Weapons: Justice and Effectiveness in Arms Control Negotiations
Authors: Albin Cecilia , Druckman Daniel
Published: October 2014

This article explores the relationship between justice and effectiveness in bilateral and multilateral arms control negotiations. A set of hypotheses, derived from earlier research about the impacts of procedural and distributive justice on negotiation outcomes is evaluated. The sample consists of twenty cases, ten bilateral and ten multilateral. The results of statistical analyses show strong effects of procedural justice on the effectiveness of bilateral, but not multilateral, negotiations. Further analyses indicate that the effects are largely accounted for by half of the bilateral cases. Case-by-case analyses reveal some of the conditions that explain the correlation betweenpjprinciples and effective outcomes. Distributive justice correlated with more substantial agreements in the multilateral cases. Reasons for the limited effects of procedural justice on multilateral outcomes are discussed. The article concludes with more general implications and suggestions for further research.