bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
World Environment Day: Understanding Environmental Programs Impact on Society Using Twitter Data Mining
Authors: Zarrabeitia-Bilbao Enara , Rio-Belver Rosa-María , Alvarez-Meaza Izaskun , Martínez de Alegría-Mancisidor Itziar
Published: June 2022

Environmental sustainability awareness has encouraged the promotion of a number of environmental programs and initiatives and, accordingly, the use of social networks for the dissemination and support of these initiatives has grown significantly. Thus, the purpose of the work is to understand United Nations World Environment Day (WED) programs impact on the digital public debate using Twitter data mining. For that, an ad hoc methodology is designed to provide it to authorities and organizations that wish to analyze the impact of different initiatives or programs on society. All in all, the research carried out analyzes more than 400,000 tweets sent during the 2021 edition of the WED. The tweets have been processed using Big Data techniques and Social Network Analysis. The research reveals that the WED was a trending topic initiative that was discussed in positive terms, where collective sentiment was shown. The topics covered dealt with the event day and the different initiatives related to restoration of ecosystems. However, it is noted that: there is no coordinated action by the institutions, groups or individuals involved in the conversation and the initiative tends towards homophily; digital mobilization is mostly centered in the host country (Pakistan) and, above all, in the neighboring country (India) and, the conspicuous absence of the business sphere in the discussion.
Implementing environmental labelling of food products in France
Authors: Hélias Arnaud , van der Werf Hayo M. G. , Soler Louis-Georges , Aggeri Franck , Dourmad Jean-Yves , Julia Chantal , Nabec Lydiane , Pellerin Sylvain , Ruffieux Bernard , Trystram Gilles
Published: June 2022

Consumers increasingly demand information about the environmental impacts of their food. The French government is in the process of introducing environmental labelling for all food products. A scientific council was set up, and its main conclusions are presented in this article, through six questions: What environmental issues should be considered? What objective should be targeted? What data are needed, and for whom? What methods for assessing environmental impacts? Which environmental scores should be chosen? What label format should be proposed? By answering these questions and considering the context, the available data, the proposed methods and adjustments, and the knowledge of consumer perception of formats, the scientific council considers that a labelling scheme is feasible and relevant.
The benefits of banks’ IT investments in times of trouble: evidence from loan loss accruals during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sefried Moritz , Riepe Jan
Published: June 2022

Motivated by diverging results from the literature, we investigate whether investments in information technology (IT) help banks to assess their loan portfolio. More specifically, we focus on the consequences of accumulated expenses for data processing on banks’ ability to estimate their loan loss accruals. We further test for differences when the banks’ borrowers get hit by the economic trouble from the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a sample of US commercial banks before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, we find more precise estimates of loan loss accruals during these troublesome times in banks that accumulated higher data processing expenses. Surprisingly, we do not find significant differences in the precision of loan loss accruals by banks’ IT investments during normal times. Our findings contribute to consolidate previously diverging results by showing that IT investments help banks following a structural break, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Nearly nonstationary processes under infinite variance GARCH noises
Authors: Zhang Rong-mao , Liu Qi-meng , Shi Jian-hua
Published: June 2022

Let Yt be an autoregressive process with order one, i.e., Yt = μ + ϕnYt−1 + εt, where [εt] is a heavy tailed general GARCH noise with tail index α. Let $${{\hat \phi }_n}$$

ϕ
^

n

be the least squares estimator (LSE) of ϕn For μ = 0 and α < 2, it is shown by Zhang and Ling (2015) that $${{\hat \phi }_n}$$

ϕ
^

n

is inconsistent when Yt is stationary (i.e., ϕn ≡ ϕ < 1), however, Chan and Zhang (2010) showed that $${{\hat \phi }_n}$$

ϕ
^

n

is still consistent with convergence rate n when Yt is a unit-root process (i.e., ϕn = 1) and [εt] is a GARCH(1, 1) noise. There is a gap between the stationary and nonstationary cases. In this paper, two important issues will be considered: (1) what about the nearly unit root case? (2) When can ϕ be estimated consistently by the LSE? We show that when ϕn = 1 − c/n, then $${{\hat \phi }_n}$$

ϕ
^

n

converges to a functional of stable process with convergence rate n. Further, we show that if limn→∞kn(1 − ϕn) = c for a positive constant c, then $${k_n}({\hat \phi _n} - \phi )$$

k
n

(

ϕ
^

n

−
ϕ
)

converges to a functional of two stable variables with tail index α/2, which means that ϕn can be estimated consistently only when kn → ∞.
Evaluation of Cadmium or Lead Exposure with Nannochloropsis oculata Mitigation on Productive Performance, Biochemical, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Barki Rams
Authors: Hassan Marwa A. , Mahmoud Yasmina K. , Elnabtiti A. A. S. , El-Hawy A. S. , El-Bassiony Moharram Fouad , Abdelrazek Heba M. A.
Published: June 2022

This study was designed to determine the lead or cadmium exposure of Barki rams and the beneficial role of Nannochlorposis oculata (N. oculata) 4% as a feed supplement, as well as its mitigating role against these elements’ impacts concerning performance, biochemical markers of liver enzymes and kidney function, thyroid hormone activity, and oxidative stress markers. Six groups of 36 Barki rams (33.63 ± 1.29 kg) were divided into G1: which served as control; G2: was given 4% dietary N. oculata; G3: was given oral 1 mg/kg cadmium chloride; G4: was given 5 mg/kg/day lead acetate; G5: was given oral 1 mg/kg cadmium chloride and 4% dietary N. oculata, and G6: was given oral 5 mg/kg/day lead acetate and 4% dietary N. oculata; and treatments were continued for 60 days. Cadmium and lead-exposed groups exhibited lower and weaker weight gain as well as feed conversion ratio, respectively, than the control and other groups. Additionally, levels of T3, T4, total proteins, albumin, and glutathione (GSH) were significantly reduced in both G3 and G4 compared to control. However, urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, total cholesterol, triglycerides, protein carbonyl content (PCC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) in cadmium and lead-exposed groups. Dietary N. oculata (4%) improves serum proteins, creatinine, urea, T4, and oxidative stress indicators as compared to the control group. Finally, 4% dietary N. oculata greatly enhances the investigated parameters in terms of performance, thyroid hormones, serum biochemical, and antioxidant activity and may assist in reducing the endocrine disrupting effects of Pb and Cd.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Mild/Borderline Hip Dysplasia with Concomitant Femoroacetabular Impingement—Literature Review
Authors: Atzmon Ran , Safran Marc R
Published: June 2022

Purpose of Review

This literature review aims to survey the current knowledge about the management FAI in the setting of borderline hip dysplasia.

Recent Findings

With better understanding, hip arthroscopy has recently been advocated for treating mild or borderline hip dysplasia (BDH) with concomitant femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) despite early studies that condemned its use. Recent outcome data have demonstrated that hip arthroscopy is a viable option in BDH, with and without FAI, and has been gaining wider acceptance. Hip arthroscopy can address the concomitant soft tissue and bony intra-articular pathologies and obviate the necessity for other surgeries. Moreover, hip arthroscopy may be used as an adjuvant treatment to other procedures such as a periacetabular osteotomy (PAO).

Hip arthroscopy for BDH is an evolving procedure with promising short- and mid-term outcomes. The combination of BDH and FAI is becoming recognized as a problem in its own right, requiring dedicated treatment.
In-situ synthesis, microstructure, and properties of NbB2-NbC-Al2O3 composite coatings by plasma spraying
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Yang Yong , Jia Shitong , Wang Yanwei , Ma Yuduo , Cui Yuhang , Wang Xingyu , Sun Wenwei , Wang Liang
Published: June 2022

The high melting point and strong chemical bonding of NbB2 pose a great challenge to the preparation of high-density nanostructured NbB2 composite coating. Herein, we report a novel, simple, and efficient method to fabricate in-situ NbB2-NbC-Al2O3 composite coating by plasma spraying Nb2O5-B4C-Al composite powder, aiming at realizing the higher densification and ultra-fine microstructure of NbB2 composite coating. The microstructure and properties of in-situ NbB2-NbC-Al2O3 composite coating were studied comparatively with ex-situ NbB2-NbC-Al2O3 composite coating (plasma spraying NbB2-NbC-Al2O3 composite powder). The reaction mechanism of Nb2O5-B4C-Al composite powder in plasma jet was analyzed in detail. The results showed that the in-situ nanostructured NbB2-NbC-Al2O3 composite coating presented a lower porosity and superior performance including higher microhardness, toughness and wear resistance compared to the plasma sprayed ex-situ NbB2-NbC-Al2O3 coating and other boride composite coatings. Densification of the in-situ NbB2-NbC-Al2O3 coating was attributed to the low melting point of Nb2O5-B4C-Al composite powder and the exothermic effect of in-situ reaction. The superior performance was ascribed to the density improvement and the strengthening and toughening effect of the nanosized phases. The in-situ reaction path could be expressed as: Nb2O5 + Al → Nb + Al2O3, and Nb + B4C → NbB2 + NbC.
Automatic hypocenter determination with the IPFx method for the 2018 Hualien earthquake sequence
Authors: Yamada Masumi , Chen Da-Yi
Published: June 2022

The extended integrated particle filter (IPFx) method is an automatic source determination algorithm designed for the Japanese earthquake early warning (EEW) system. The method improved earthquake source determination during active seismicity by incorporating the smart phase association scheme. We applied this method to the 2018 Hualien earthquake sequence and evaluated its performance by comparing it to the manual catalog. We used 1-month continuous waveforms from February 2018 at 170 stations. Owing to the higher noise level, we improved the phase association algorithm to avoid noise contamination. Out of 127 earthquakes with a seismic intensity ≥ 4, 105 were successfully detected in one month, of which 103 had good accuracy with a location error of < 30 km. The detectability of earthquakes decreased immediately following large events. The IPFx method showed good performance in detecting earthquakes with seismic intensity ≥ 4 during the 2018 Hualien earthquake sequence. The method was also applied to the 1-day continuous data on April 18, 2021, and detected 14 earthquakes with a magnitude ~ 2 that were not on the manual catalog. Currently, the Central Weather Bureau in Taiwan uses the effective epicenter method to locate earthquakes for the EEW system. However, source determination for offshore events is difficult as most of the stations are on land. We expect the IPFx method to provide better location estimates for offshore earthquakes and during the period of active seismicity. It also provides an earlier warning as it sends the first message when three stations are triggered. This new method can potentially improve the speed and accuracy of the Taiwanese EEW system.
Engagement with Activity Monitoring During a Behavioral Activation Intervention: A Randomized Test of Monitoring Format and Qualitative Evaluation of Participant Experiences
Authors: Fazzino Tera L. , Kunkel Adrianne , Bellitti Joseph , Romine Rebecca Swinburne , Yi Richard , McDaniel Courtney , Lejuez Carl W.
Published: June 2022

Behavioural activation (BA) is an efficacious treatment approach. Activity monitoring is a key component of brief BA treatments; however, no studies have examined the most efficacious format for monitoring. The present pilot study tested brief versus intensive activity monitoring approaches during a BA intervention administered in a college orientation course. Outcomes characterised (1) engagement with the treatment protocol via activity monitoring and (2) participant qualitative experiences with monitoring and the intervention as reported during focus group interviews. Four course sections were randomly assigned to receive monitoring forms that were brief (assessed activities three times daily) or intensive (assessed activities hourly). Forms were provided electronically to students via a web-based platform which tracked completion. There were no significant differences in monitoring frequency (38.0 vs. 23.0 days; p = .154) or the duration of monitoring engagement (62.0 vs. 36.0 days; p = .054) between the brief and intensive conditions. Qualitative findings suggested that participants in both conditions found utility in activity monitoring, particularly during the first month as they transitioned to college. Overall, findings indicated that participants may find utility in monitoring during the first month of a BA intervention using either brief or intensive monitoring forms.

Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT04038190
prepOSCE: A Virtual, Scalable Solution to Prepare Residents for Their OSCE Examination
Authors: Garofalo Laura E. , Gaikwad Nitin , Menzies Stuart , Thomas Carol , Curtis Colleen , Parpal Hélène
Published: June 2022

The Royal College Comprehensive Objective Examination in Neurology provides certification for Canadian neurologists and consists of a written examination and the Observed Structured Clinical Encounter (OSCE). The OSCE portion of the certification involves residents visiting several patient stations where they address case scenarios with an examiner. Unfortunately, residents lack exam preparation time due to demanding work hours. In response to resident needs, we created a novel, virtual preparation OSCE program – “prepOSCE” – and evaluated its efficacy. The prepOSCE program employed a proprietary virtual solution from CTC Communications Corp. Ten virtual sessions accommodated 70 residents totally. Seven Canadian physicians and two co-chairs created case scenarios for the stations. On session day, seven residents arrived in a virtual plenary room for briefing followed by assignment to a station by CTC. Residents then moved virtually through prepOSCE stations a different examiner and case scenario in each. Following their session, residents and evaluators were surveyed to capture experiences. The average program rating was 4.22 out of 5 (n= 36 residents of 70 residents who participated in the program) and 4.35 (n= 17 evaluators). Ninety-two percent of residents agreed or strongly agreed that they would recommend this program to their peers; they would like prepOSCE to continue next year; and the program was relevant and added value to their studies. The positive feedback received from prepOSCE participants indicates there is a need for a program like prepOSCE. This model has potential for expansion and it is hoped that specialties outside of neurology could benefit from a similar program.
Enemies or allies? How NGOs can push the military towards transparency around the use of force
Authors: Colli Francesca , Reykers Yf
Published: June 2022

This article examines the conditions under which non-governmental organisations (NGOs) gain access to defence administrations when campaigning for transparency around the use of military force. We theorise that gaining access in this traditionally secluded domain is a matter of supply and demand. NGOs can gain access through technical and political information, yet not without demand for these resources, dependent on the politicisation of concerns about the use of force. We focus on the activities of Airwars, an international NGO, and its campaign in the Netherlands (2015–20) to foster transparency about civilian casualties caused by Dutch airstrikes. Our analysis shows that their credible information about air strikes led to access to the defence administration and allowed them to effectively advocate for transparency, mediated by the politicisation of the issue through parliamentary and media attention. Our findings contribute both to the literature on NGO advocacy and to the field of civil-military relations.
Class Act: East-West
Authors: Flynn Molly
Published: June 2022

In the years between Ukraine’s Euromaidan Revolution (2013-14) and Russia’s full-scale invasion in February 2022, Ukraine witnessed an incredible boom in socially engaged performance. One of the most impactful was Class Act: East-West, a series of playwriting workshops for teenagers.
Interdependent Independence: Civil Self-Sufficiency and Productive Community in Kant’s Theory of Citizenship
Authors: Vrousalis Nicholas
Published: June 2022

Kant’s theory of citizenship replaces the French revolutionary triptych of liberty, equality and fraternity with freedom (Freiheit), equality (Gleichheit) and civil self-sufficiency (Selbständigkeit). The interpretative question is what the third attribute adds to the first two: what does self-sufficiency add to free consent by juridical equals? This article argues that Selbständigkeit adds the idea of interdependent independence: the independent possession and use of citizens’ interdependent rightful powers. Kant thinks of the modern state as an organism whose members are agents possessed of rightful (productive) powers, whose interdependent mode of exercise independently of unilateral permission matters for right. The empirical form of that ideal, according to Kant, is a republic of independent commodity producers. I will show that this reading of Selbständigkeit can consistently explain Kant’s disenfranchisement of women, wage labourers and landless farmers; that it offers a robust alternative to influential republican, libertarian and proprietarian interpretations of the Kantian state; and that it can buttress an original account of community as productive interdependence.
Introduction to a Two‐Way Beam Wave Method and Its Applications in Seismic Imaging
Authors: Yang Jidong , Huang Jianping , Zhu Hejun , McMechan George , Li Zhenchun
Published: June 2022

Ray theory gives a high‐frequency asymptotic solution of the wave equation, which has been widely used in the seismic study because of its high computational efficiency and good physical insights for elementary waves. However, the fundamental high‐frequency assumption makes it difficult to accurately simulate the finite‐frequency effect of wave propagations. On the other hand, the Gaussian beam, as one of the advanced ray‐based methods, overcomes the amplitude singularity problem near the caustics by introducing a complex‐valued paraxial approximation. But Gaussian beams only use the velocity and up to second‐order velocity derivative of central rays and thus does not accurately simulate the response of heterogeneity away from the rays. To bridge the gap between the ray theory and wave‐equation methods, we present a two‐way beam wave method and apply it to seismic imaging. A fan of central rays are first shot to extract local ray‐centered model parameters in the global Cartesian coordinates. Then, a finite‐difference method is used to solve the acoustic wave equation in the ray‐centered coordinates to simulate wave propagations near the central rays. The beam wave method can accurately simulate the response of the velocity heterogeneities in the ray tubes and therefore produces more accurate wavefields. In addition, we discretize the ray‐centered wave equation onto a non‐orthogonal grid, which considerably reduces the computational cost. We apply the two‐way beam wave method in seismic imaging and develop a beam wave reverse‐time migration. It inherits the advantages of both ray‐based and wave equation migrations, and produces clear images for complicated structures with fewer artifacts than traditional imaging methods.
Intensified Likelihood of Concurrent Warm and Dry Months Attributed to Anthropogenic Climate Change
Authors: Chiang Felicia , Greve Peter , Mazdiyasni Omid , Wada Yoshihide , AghaKouchak Amir
Published: June 2022

Detection and attribution studies generally examine individual climate variables such as temperature and precipitation. Thus, we lack a strong understanding of climate change impacts on correlated climate extremes and compound events, which have become more common in recent years. Here we present a monthly‐scale compound warm and dry attribution study, examining CMIP6 climate models with and without the influence of anthropogenic forcing. We show that most regions have experienced large increases in concurrent warm and dry months in historical simulations with human emissions, while no coherent change has occurred in historical natural‐only simulations without human emissions. At the global scale, the likelihood of compound warm‐dry months has increased 2.7 times due to anthropogenic emissions. With this multivariate perspective, we highlight that anthropogenic emissions have not only impacted individual extremes but also compound extremes. Due to amplified risks from multivariate extremes, our results can provide important insights on the risks of associated climate impacts.
Energetic Electron Microinjections Observed by MMS in the Dusk Plasma Sheet and Drift Resonance Interpretation
Authors: Luo Zhekai , Xie Lun , Fu Suiyan , Pu Zuyin , Xiong Ying , Zhou Xuzhi , Zong Qiugang , Li Li , Russell C. T. , Ergun R. E. , Burch J. L. , Blake J. B. , Torbert R. B. , Lindqvist P.‐A.
Published: June 2022

Microinjection phenomena, characterized by dispersive oscillations of electron fluxes at the Pc5 period and bi‐directional pitch angle anisotropy, are frequently observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale in the dusk to midnight plasma sheet. In this paper, two such events are analyzed and the features of toroidal mode drift resonance measured meanwhile are shown in detail. The prominent observation is that the fluctuations of the electron flux and the electric field have either −90° or +90° phase difference at the resonant energy, and the phase difference rises as the energy increases. We extend the present theory for drift resonance of toroidal mode wave with only the equatorial moving electrons in a dipole field to include bouncing electrons. The predicted phase differences based on the new theory are consistent well with the observations in the microinjection events. It is thus suggested that drift resonance may act as the forming mechanism for the observed microinjections.
Electron Energization by High‐Amplitude Turbulent Electric Fields: A Possible Source of the Outer Radiation Belt
Authors: Usanova M. E. , Ergun R. E.
Published: June 2022

The turbulent energy cascade that is characteristic of bursty bulk flow (BBF) braking regions in the Earth's magnetotail has been shown to be the energy source of large‐amplitude electric fields (>50 mV/m) which can, in turn, result in local energetic electron acceleration. These pre‐energized electrons can move inward to stronger magnetic fields being further accelerated and can eventually supply an energetic tail to electron distributions in the outer radiation belt. Using wave and plasma measurements from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) satellites during four tail seasons from 2015 to 2019, we study the process of BBF magnetic and kinetic energy being transferred to electrons by turbulent electric fields from a statistical perspective. We identify turbulent BBF regions by the presence of high‐amplitude electric fields. We show that the high‐amplitude electric fields are associated with an increase in electron temperature by three times compared to quiet times and with a ten‐fold increase in temperature fluctuations. They are also associated with strong variations of energetic electron fluxes, indicative of local acceleration. We further discuss the implications of these findings and the role of this pre‐energized electron population in supplying the outer radiation belt.
The Permeability of Porous Volcanic Rock Through the Brittle‐Ductile Transition
Authors: Heap Michael J. , Meyer Gabriel G. , Noël Corentin , Wadsworth Fabian B. , Baud Patrick , Violay Marie E. S.
Published: June 2022

The permeability of volcanic rock controls the distribution of pore fluids and pore fluid pressure within a volcanic edifice, and is therefore considered to influence eruptive style and volcano deformation. We measured the porosity and permeability of a porous volcanic rock during deformation in the brittle and ductile regimes. In the brittle regime, permeability decreases by a factor of 2–6 up to the peak stress due the closure of narrow pore throats but, following shear fracture formation, remains approximately constant as strain is accommodated by sliding on the fracture. In the ductile regime, permeability continually decreases, by up to an order of magnitude, as a function of strain. Although compaction in the ductile regime is localized, permeability is not reduced substantially due to the tortuous and diffuse nature of the compaction bands, the geometry of which was also influenced by a pore shape preferred orientation. Although the evolution of the permeability of the studied porous volcanic rock in the brittle and ductile regimes is qualitatively similar to that for porous sedimentary rocks, the porosity sensitivity exponent of permeability in the elastic regime is higher than found previously for porous sedimentary rocks. This exponent decreases during shear‐enhanced compaction toward a value theoretically derived for granular media, suggesting that the material is effectively granulating. Indeed, cataclastic pore collapse evolves the microstructure to one that is more granular. Understanding how permeability can evolve in a volcanic edifice will improve the accuracy of models designed to assist volcano monitoring and volcanic hazard mitigation.
Air Injection Into Water‐Saturated Granular Media—A Dimensional Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ben‐Noah Ilan , Friedman Shmulik P. , Berkowitz Brian
Published: June 2022

Gas saturation degree and flow patterns are key factors for modeling and designing multiphase systems and operations. In turn, these factors are strongly related to the flow dynamics, which are controlled largely by the fluid and media properties. However, predicting the gas distribution and flow pattern remains elusive. Data from 11 series of steady air injection experiments into initially water‐saturated granular media, conducted with different media and flow geometries, are analyzed to identify the main factors governing air saturation and flow patterns. For air injection into otherwise water‐saturated granular media, the flow pattern is affected mainly by the ratio between the Capillary number (ratio of viscous to capillary forces) and the Bond number (ratio of gravitational to capillary forces), that is, by the ratio of viscous to gravitational forces. Moreover, the meta‐analysis presented here indicates that the steady air saturation degree is correlated strongly to flow velocity and grain diameter. Furthermore, analysis of experimental results from different studies of air injection into coarse, homogeneous, granular media (glass beads, sand) also suggests a significant effect of inertial forces. Both viscous and buoyancy forces increased air saturation, while capillary forces decreased the saturation degree. The ratio between capillary and buoyancy forces determines the air flow pattern during air injection into otherwise water‐saturated media.
eSCCIP-SP: Adapting an eHealth Intervention for Spanish-Speaking Parents of Children With Cancer
Authors: Canter Kimberly S. , Perez Ramirez Alejandra , Vega Gabriela , Bava Laura , Barrera Maru , Hildenbrand Aimee K. , Kazak Anne E.
Published: June 2022

Objective: Psychosocial interventions for Latinx parents of children with cancer (PCC) are scarce, despite documented psychosocial risk in this population. This article describes the development of El Programa Electrónico de Intervención para Superar el Cancer Competentemente (eSCCIP-SP), a Spanish-language psychosocial intervention for PCC, adapted from an existent eHealth intervention for English-speaking PCC (eSCCIP). Methods: The adaptation process was multifaceted and followed best practice guidelines from the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services literature. eSCCIP intervention materials were first translated and reviewed by Spanish-speaking members of the study team, consultants, and medical interpreters. New video materials were created with Spanish-speaking families, and cultural adaptations were made to intervention materials. The completed intervention was refined via Think Aloud Testing with Spanish-speaking PCC and by expert review. Results: A user-centered, multistep adaptation process was used to develop and evaluate eSCCIP-SP. Results from Think Aloud Testing were positive, with the majority of suggested comments related to phrasing and edits. Participants provided positive feedback about the intervention and its potential impact. Conclusions: The rigorous development of eSCCIP-SP provides a model for adapting psychosocial interventions for Spanish-speaking PCC. Initial results suggest that eSCCIP-SP is an acceptable psychosocial intervention.

Implications for Impact Statement

eSCCIP-SP is a psychosocial eHealth intervention for Spanish-speaking parents and caregivers of children with cancer. This intervention has the potential to reduce a critical gap in care in terms of supporting this important population by providing flexible, accessible, high-quality psychosocial care to Spanish-speaking PCC.
Pharmacogenomics of Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Islam Farhana , Hain Daniel , Lewis David , Law Rebecca , Brown Lisa C. , Tanner Julie-Anne , Müller Daniel J.
Published: June 2022

Although clozapine is the most effective pharmacotherapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, it is under-utilized, and initiation is often delayed. One reason is the occurrence of a potentially fatal adverse reaction, clozapine-induced agranulocytosis (CIA). Identifying genetic variations contributing to CIA would help predict patient risk of developing CIA and personalize treatment. Here, we (1) review existing pharmacogenomic studies of CIA, and (2) conduct meta-analyses to identify targets for clinical implementation. A systematic literature search identified studies that included individuals receiving clozapine who developed CIA and controls who did not. Results showed that individuals carrying the HLA-DRB1*04:02 allele had nearly sixfold (95% CI 2.20–15.80, pcorrected = 0.03) higher odds of CIA with a negative predictive value of 99.3%. Previously unreplicated alleles, TNFb5, HLA-B*59:01, TNFb4, and TNFd3 showed significant associations with CIA after multiple-testing corrections. Our findings suggest that a predictive HLA-DRB1*04:02-based pharmacogenomic test may be promising for clinical implementation but requires further investigation.
Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 regulates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by stabilizing Keap1
Authors: Xu Qiong , Liu Mingke , Gu Jielei , Ling Sisi , Liu Xiaolin , Luo Zhenyu , Jin Yangshuo , Chai Renjie , Ou Wenchao , Liu Shiming , Liu Ningning
Published: June 2022

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a complex pathological process that is still not fully understood. The oxidative stress response has a critical role in the occurrence and progression of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. This study investigated the specific mechanism of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) regulation of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury from the perspective of proteasome degradation and its relation with the Keap1 pathway, a vital regulator of cytoprotective responses to endogenous and exogenous stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and electrophiles. Our data indicated that USP7 expression is increased during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice, while its inhibiting suppressed the generation of oxygen free radicals and myocardial cell apoptosis, reduced myocardial tissue damage, and improved heart function. Mechanistically, USP7 stabilizes Keap1 by regulating its ubiquitination. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential therapeutic effect of USP7 on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
A sound approach to advancing healthcare systems: the future of biomedical acoustics
Authors: Rufo Joseph , Zhang Peiran , Zhong Ruoyu , Lee Luke P. , Huang Tony Jun
Published: June 2022

Newly developed acoustic technologies are playing a transformational role in life science and biomedical applications ranging from the activation and inactivation of mechanosensitive ion channels for fundamental physiological processes to the development of contact-free, precise biofabrication protocols for tissue engineering and large-scale manufacturing of organoids. Here, we provide our perspective on the development of future acoustic technologies and their promise in addressing critical challenges in biomedicine.
Generation and direct observation of a triplet arylnitrenium ion
Authors: Du Lili , Wang Juanjuan , Qiu Yunfan , Liang Runhui , Lu Penglin , Chen Xuebo , Phillips David Lee , Winter Arthur H.
Published: June 2022

Nitrenium ions are important reactive intermediates in both chemistry and biology. Although singlet nitrenium ions are well-characterized by direct methods, the triplet states of nitrenium ions have never been directly detected. Here, we find that the excited state of the photoprecursor partitions between heterolysis to generate the singlet nitrenium ion and intersystem crossing (ISC) followed by a spontaneous heterolysis process to generate the triplet p-iodophenylnitrenium ion (np). The triplet nitrenium ion undergoes ISC to generate the ground singlet state, which ultimately undergoes proton and electron transfer to generate a long-lived radical cation that further generates the reduced p-iodoaniline. Ab Initio calculations were performed to map out the potential energy surfaces to better understand the excited state reactivity channels show that an energetically-accessible singlet-triplet crossing lies along the N-N stretch coordinate and that the excited triplet state is unbound and spontaneously eliminates ammonia to generate the triplet nitrenium ion. These results give a clearer picture of the photophysical properties and reactivity of two different spin states of a phenylnitrenium ion and provide the first direct glimpse of a triplet nitrenium ion.
Terahertz thermal curve analysis for label-free identification of pathogens
Authors: Jun S. W. , Ahn Y. H.
Published: June 2022

In this study, we perform a thermal curve analysis with terahertz (THz) metamaterials to develop a label-free identification tool for pathogens such as bacteria and yeasts. The resonant frequency of the metasensor coated with a bacterial layer changes as a function of temperature; this provides a unique fingerprint specific to the individual microbial species without the use of fluorescent dyes and antibodies. Differential thermal curves obtained from the temperature-dependent resonance exhibit the peaks consistent with bacterial phases, such as growth, thermal inactivation, DNA denaturation, and cell wall destruction. In addition, we can distinguish gram-negative bacteria from gram-positive bacteria which show strong peaks in the temperature range of cell wall destruction. Finally, we perform THz melting curve analysis on the mixture of bacterial species in which the pathogenic bacteria are successfully distinguished from each other, which is essential for practical clinical and environmental applications such as in blood culture.
T-cell trans-synaptic vesicles are distinct and carry greater effector content than constitutive extracellular vesicles
Authors: Céspedes Pablo F. , Jainarayanan Ashwin , Fernández-Messina Lola , Valvo Salvatore , Saliba David G. , Kurz Elke , Kvalvaag Audun , Chen Lina , Ganskow Charity , Colin-York Huw , Fritzsche Marco , Peng Yanchun , Dong Tao , Johnson Errin , Siller-Farfán Jesús A. , Dushek Omer , Sezgin Erdinc , Peacock Ben , Law Alice , Aubert Dimitri , Engledow Simon , Attar Moustafa , Hester Svenja , Fischer Roman , Sánchez-Madrid Francisco , Dustin Michael L.
Published: June 2022

The immunological synapse is a molecular hub that facilitates the delivery of three activation signals, namely antigen, costimulation/corepression and cytokines, from antigen-presenting cells (APC) to T cells. T cells release a fourth class of signaling entities, trans-synaptic vesicles (tSV), to mediate bidirectional communication. Here we present bead-supported lipid bilayers (BSLB) as versatile synthetic APCs to capture, characterize and advance the understanding of tSV biogenesis. Specifically, the integration of juxtacrine signals, such as CD40 and antigen, results in the adaptive tailoring and release of tSV, which differ in size, yields and immune receptor cargo compared with steadily released extracellular vesicles (EVs). Focusing on CD40L+tSV as model effectors, we show that PD-L1 trans-presentation together with TSG101, ADAM10 and CD81 are key in determining CD40L vesicular release. Lastly, we find greater RNA-binding protein and microRNA content in tSV compared with EVs, supporting the specialized role of tSV as intercellular messengers.
Observation of anomalous amplitude modes in the kagome metal CsV3Sb5
Authors: Liu Gan , Ma Xinran , He Kuanyu , Li Qing , Tan Hengxin , Liu Yizhou , Xu Jie , Tang Wenna , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Gao Libo , Dai Yaomin , Wen Hai-Hu , Yan Binghai , Xi Xiaoxiang
Published: June 2022

The kagome lattice provides a fertile platform to explore novel symmetry-breaking states. Charge-density wave (CDW) instabilities have been recently discovered in a new kagome metal family, commonly considered to arise from Fermi-surface instabilities. Here we report the observation of Raman-active CDW amplitude modes in CsV3Sb5, which are collective excitations typically thought to emerge out of frozen soft phonons, although phonon softening is elusive experimentally. The amplitude modes strongly hybridize with other superlattice modes, imparting them with clear temperature-dependent frequency shift and broadening, rarely seen in other known CDW materials. Both the mode mixing and the large amplitude mode frequencies suggest that the CDW exhibits the character of strong electron-phonon coupling, a regime in which phonon softening can cease to exist. Our work highlights the importance of the lattice degree of freedom in the CDW formation and points to the complex nature of the mechanism.
A single-cell transcriptomic atlas tracking the neural basis of division of labour in an ant superorganism
Authors: Li Qiye , Wang Mingyue , Zhang Pei , Liu Yang , Guo Qunfei , Zhu Yuanzhen , Wen Tinggang , Dai Xueqin , Zhang Xiafang , Nagel Manuel , Dethlefsen Bjarke Hamberg , Xie Nianxia , Zhao Jie , Jiang Wei , Han Lei , Wu Liang , Zhong Wenjiang , Wang Zhifeng , Wei Xiaoyu , Dai Wei , Liu Longqi , Xu Xun , Lu Haorong , Yang Huanming , Wang Jian , Boomsma Jacobus J. , Liu Chuanyu , Zhang Guojie , Liu Weiwei
Published: June 2022

Ant colonies with permanent division of labour between castes and highly distinct roles of the sexes have been conceptualized to be superorganisms, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate caste/sex-specific behavioural specialization have remained obscure. Here we characterized the brain cell repertoire of queens, gynes (virgin queens), workers and males ofMonomorium pharaonisby obtaining 206,367 single-nucleus transcriptomes. In contrast toDrosophila, the mushroom body Kenyon cells are abundant in ants and display a high diversity with most subtypes being enriched in worker brains, the evolutionarily derived caste. Male brains are as specialized as worker brains but with opposite trends in cell composition with higher abundances of all optic lobe neuronal subtypes, while the composition of gyne and queen brains remained generalized, reminiscent of solitary ancestors. Role differentiation from virgin gynes to inseminated queens induces abundance changes in roughly 35% of cell types, indicating active neurogenesis and/or programmed cell death during this transition. We also identified insemination-induced cell changes probably associated with the longevity and fecundity of the reproductive caste, including increases of ensheathing glia and a population of dopamine-regulatedDh31-expressing neurons. We conclude that permanent caste differentiation and extreme sex-differentiation induced major changes in the neural circuitry of ants.
Lexibank, a public repository of standardized wordlists with computed phonological and lexical features
Authors: List Johann-Mattis , Forkel Robert , Greenhill Simon J. , Rzymski Christoph , Englisch Johannes , Gray Russell D.
Published: June 2022

The past decades have seen substantial growth in digital data on the world’s languages. At the same time, the demand for cross-linguistic datasets has been increasing, as witnessed by numerous studies devoted to diverse questions on human prehistory, cultural evolution, and human cognition. Unfortunately, most published datasets lack standardization which makes their comparison difficult. Here, we present a new approach to increase the comparability of cross-linguistic lexical data. We have designed workflows for the computer-assisted lifting of datasets to Cross-Linguistic Data Formats, a collection of standards that make these datasets more Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR). We test the Lexibank workflow on 100 lexical datasets from which we derive an aggregated database of wordlists in unified phonetic transcriptions covering more than 2000 language varieties. We illustrate the benefits of our approach by showing how phonological and lexical features can be automatically inferred, complementing and expanding existing cross-linguistic datasets.
Fabrication and improved response of ZnO-CdO composite films under different laser irradiation dose
Authors: Zargar Rayees Ahmad
Published: June 2022

Promising Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Cadmium Oxide (CdO) alloy (ZnO-CdO) films were fabricated on glass substrates by screen printing route for optoelectronic applications. The Nd:YAG green diode laser of wavelength 532 nm and laser fluence of 1.8 J/cm2 was used to irradiate the fabricated films at room temperature. The characterization of these films were systematically studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis, photoluminescence (PL), Raman spectroscopy and two probe method for conductivity measurement. The XRD pattern shows that all the films were well crystallized with maximum diffraction of (101) plane and mixed phases of ZnO and CdO were detected. The structure, space group and other crystal related parameters were confirmed from Rietveld refinement of XRD data. The basic optical parameters (band gap, refractive index and extinction coefficient) have been estimated using absorbance spectra. The PL spectrum of ZnO-CdO composite films exhibits red shift and blue- green emissions shift upon laser irradiation were confirmed from CIE 1931 diagram. The Raman spectroscopy indicates that the quality of the ZnO-CdO films was increased while their structure defects were increased. DC conductivity measurement confirms semiconductor behaviour. All the parameters such as particle size, optical constants, colour emission and activation energy have been significantly improved upon laser irradiations dose of 1.8 J/cm2 for different durations of time. This study could be appropriate for optoelectronic applications.
Partial randomized benchmarking
Authors: Dubovitskii Kirill , Makhlin Yuriy
Published: June 2022

In randomized benchmarking of quantum logical gates, partial twirling can be used for simpler implementation, better scaling, and higher accuracy and reliability. For instance, for two-qubit gates, single-qubit twirling is easier to realize than full averaging. We analyze such simplified, partial twirling and demonstrate that, unlike for the standard randomized benchmarking, the measured decay of fidelity is a linear combination of exponentials with different decay rates (3 for two qubits and single-bit twirling). The evolution with the sequence length is governed by an iteration matrix, whose spectrum gives the decay rates. For generic two-qubit gates one slowest exponential dominates and characterizes gate errors in three channels. Its decay rate is close, but different from that in the standard randomized benchmarking, and we find the leading correction. Using relations to the local invariants of two-qubit gates we identify all exceptional gates with several slow exponentials and analyze possibilities to extract their decay rates from the measured curves.
Stretchable printed device for the simultaneous sensing of temperature and strain validated in a mouse wound healing model
Authors: Jose Manoj , Bronckaers Annelies , Kumar Rachith Shanivarasanthe Nithyananda , Reenaers Dieter , Vandenryt Thijs , Thoelen Ronald , Deferme Wim
Published: June 2022

Temperature and strain are two vital parameters that play a significant role in wound diagnosis and healing. As periodic temperature measurements with a custom thermometer or strain measurements with conventional metallic gauges became less feasible for the modern competent health monitoring, individual temperature and strain measurement modalities incorporated into wearables and patches were developed. The proposed research in the article shows the development of a single sensor solution which can simultaneously measure both the above mentioned parameters. This work integrates a thermoelectric principle based temperature measurement approach into wearables, ensuring flexibility and bendability properties without affecting its thermo-generated voltage. The modified thermoelectric material helped to achieve stretchability of the sensor, thanks to its superior mechano-transduction properties. Moreover, the stretch-induced resistance changes become an additional marker for strain measurements so that both the parameters can be measured with the same sensor. Due to the independent measurement parameters (open circuit voltage and sensor resistance), the sensing model is greatly attractive for measurements without cross-sensitivity. The highly resilient temperature and strain sensor show excellent linearity, repeatability and good sensitivity. Besides, due to the compatibility of the fabrication scheme to low-temperature processing of the flexible materials and to mass volume production, printed fabrication methodologies were adopted to realize the sensor. This promises low-cost production and a disposable nature (single use) of the sensor patch. For the first time, this innovative temperature-strain dual parameter sensor concept has been tested on mice wounds in vivo. The preliminary experiments on mice wounds offer prospects for developing smart, i.e. sensorized, wound dressings for clinical applications.