bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Dynamics of Offshoring and Institutions
Authors: Heyman Fredrik , Tingvall Patrik Gustavsson
Published: June 2015

Previous research has found that weak institutions can hamper investment and alter patterns of trade. However, little is known about the impact of institutional quality on offshoring. This lack of knowledge is surprising, given that offshoring has become an important part of many firms’ internationalization strategies. This study uses detailed firm-level data for the 1997–2005 period to examine the relationship between institutional quality in 113 source countries and offshoring by Swedish firms. The results suggest that weak institutions are negatively related to offshoring in general and to the offshoring of R&D- and relationship specificity-intensive inputs in particular. An analysis of learning effects suggests that the impact of weak institutions on the offshoring of relationship specificity-intensive inputs vanishes when firms return to countries from which they have previous market experience. Our results are robust to the use of various measures of institutional quality.
Are You There God? It’s Me, a College Student: Religious Beliefs and Higher Education
Authors: Routon P. Wesley , Walker Jay K.
Published: June 2015

Drawing data from a longitudinal survey of college students from 514 institutions of higher education, we add to the discussion on the education–religion puzzle by providing information on specifically which college students experience the most religiosity change, investigating multiple change measures (conviction strength, service attendance, and religious identity), and estimating which programs of study and collegiate experiences cause the most change. We also provide an analysis of students who seek or initially sought an occupation within the clergy. Among our findings, 56% of students report changes in the strength of their religious convictions during college, while 45% report changes in religious service attendance frequency. Of those who matriculate as religious, about 9% lose their religion by graduation. Of those who matriculate with no religious identity, an impressive 33% graduate with one. Choice of institution, major of study, academic success, and many other collegiate experiences are shown to be determinants of these changes.
Magnetic relaxometry as applied to sensitive cancer detection and localization
Authors: De Haro Leyma P. , Karaulanov Todor , Vreeland Erika C. , Anderson Bill , Hathaway Helen J. , Huber Dale L. , Matlashov Andrei N. , Nettles Christopher P. , Price Andrew D. , Monson Todd C. , Flynn Edward R.
Published: June 2015

Here we describe superparamagnetic relaxometry (SPMR), a technology that utilizes highly sensitive magnetic sensors and superparamagnetic nanoparticles for cancer detection. Using SPMR, we sensitively and specifically detect nanoparticles conjugated to biomarkers for various types of cancer. SPMR offers high contrast

In SPMR measurements, a brief magnetizing pulse is used to align superparamagnetic nanoparticles of a discrete size. Following the pulse, an array of superconducting quantum interference detectors (SQUID) sensors detect the decaying magnetization field. NP size is chosen so that, when bound, the induced field decays in seconds. They are functionalized with specific biomarkers and incubated with cancer cells

Superparamagnetic NPs developed here have small size dispersion. Cell incubation studies measure specificity for different cell lines and antibodies with very high contrast.
Two novel haemoglobin variants that affect haemoglobin A1c measurement by ion-exchange chromatography
Authors: Bots Michael , Stroobants An K. , Delzenne Barend , Soeters Maarten R. , de Vries Johan E. , Weykamp Cas W. , Norg Roelf J.C. , Veldthuis Martijn , Zwieten Rob van
Published: June 2015

Haemoglobin (Hb) variants are well-known factors interfering with accurate HbA

Glycated forms of novel Hb variants were recognised in the blood of two patients with diabetes mellitus screened by HbA

A fraction of 15% of abnormal Hb was observed in a 37-year-old female. DNA sequencing revealed a heterozygous mutation in the α

Close examination of HbA
Screening non-deletion α-thalassaemia mutations in the HBA1 and HBA2 genes by high-resolution melting analysis
Authors: Petropoulou Margarita , Poula Amalia , Traeger-Synodinos Jan , Vrettou Christina , Kanavakis Emmanuel , Christopoulos Theodore K. , Ioannou Penelope C.
Published: June 2015

Screening for “non-deletion” α-chain haemoglobin variants resulting from point mutations or short deletions/insertions has attracted an increased interest during recent years, especially in areas where α-thalassaemia is prevalent. We describe a method utilising high resolution melting analysis for detecting the 13 most common “non-deletion” α-thalassaemia mutations in populations around the Mediterranean and Middle East.

The method comprises: (1) amplification of a 1087 bp fragment for each of the duplicated α-globin genes (

All 13 “non-deletion” α-chain haemoglobin variants were successfully detected by high resolution melting analysis. All heterozygote samples and eight out of 10 available homozygotes were clearly differentiated from each other and from wild type in the same amplicon. Although not all homozygote samples were distinguishable from wild type samples, this should not present a problem in a clinical setting since all DNA results should be evaluated alongside the haematological and (if relevant) clinical findings in each case.

The 13 “non-deletion” α-chain haemoglobin variants were successfully genotyped by high resolution melting analysis using LightScanner instrument and LCGreen Plus saturating dye. High resolution melting analysis is an accurate mutation scanning tool, advantageous as a closed-tube method, involving no post-PCR manipulations and requiring only around 5 min post-PCR analysis.
Centaurea cyanus L. Polysaccharides and
Polyphenols Cooperation in Achieving Strong
Rat Gastric Ulcer Protection
Authors: Pirvu Lucia , Bubueanu Corina , Panteli Minerva , Petcu Lucian , Coprean Dragomir
Published: June 2015

This work was aimed at testing gastroprotective
effects of Centaurea cyanus L. (herba) polysaccharides
(P) and polyphenols (A) fractions on stress-induced rat
ulcer model. Studies evaluating acute toxicity in rats
and antioxidant (chemiluminescence method) and
antimicrobial (on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538
and Escherichia coli ATCC8739 strains) activities of
Centaurea cyanus L. (herba) product, which combined
polysaccharides and polyphenols fractions (PA), have also
been done. Accordingly, in vivo pharmacological studies
revealed high influence of PA product (500 mg kg-1 of body
weight) on deep, moderate and superficial gastric mucosal
lesions, greater than that of chemical reference, Ranitidine.
P product was proven more effective than Ranitidine in
opposing the emergence of deep necrotic lesions only,
suggesting the ability of polysaccharides compounds to
consolidate gastric mucous layer as well as their certain
tendency for cooperation with polyphenols fractions.
The acute toxicity study indicated the lack of toxicity of
PA product and maximum tolerated doses greater than
1875 mg kg-1 of body weight. PA product provided augmented
scavenger activity and week antimicrobial activity on
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 and Escherichia coli
ATCC8739 strains, resulting in better opportunities for
valorisation of the aerial part of Centaurea cyanus L.
species in order to obtain new and effective natural
medicines.
Effect of process parameters on the concentration, current efficiency and energy consumption of electro-generated silver(II)
Authors: Mokhtari Shahrnaz , Mohammadi Fereidoon , Nekoomanesh Mehdi
Published: June 2015

Electro-membrane generation of Ag(II) in nitric acid was experimentally explored in a threeelectrode laboratory cell with respect to various operating parameters. DSA-O
The pharmacological features of bilirubin: the question of the century
Authors: Zahir Farhana , Rabbani Gulam , Khan Rizwan Hasan , Rizvi Shamim J , Jamal Mohammad Sarwar , Abuzenadah Adel M.
Published: June 2015

This review looks at the toxicity and metabolism of bilirubin in terms of its pharmacological potential. Its role has gained importance as more research has revealed the functional significance and interrelationship between the gasotransmitters nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. The biological actions of bilirubin have mostly been characterized in the high micromolar range where toxic effects occur. However, it could also prove to be an important cytoprotector for brain tissue, which is inherently less equipped for antioxidant defense. Plasma bilirubin levels negatively correlate to a number of disease states. Higher levels of bilirubin that are still within the normal range provide a protective effect to the body. The effects on various disorders could be tested using controlled pharmacological upregulation of the molecule with animal models. At nanomolar concentrations, considerable benefits have been obtained when the molecule was delivered pharmacologically under in vitro or in vivo test conditions, particularly in neurodegenerative disorders and after tissue or organ transplantation. The induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX-1) via the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor or the use of bile pigments in the harvesting of diseased tissue are novel applications, and like every new therapy, should be used with caution. HMOX-1 is tissue specific, and in exceptional states, such as schizophrenia and specific types of renal disorder, the same therapy may have disastrous effects.
Application of Post-stack migration to seismicdata associated with fault structures
Authors: Koduru Anitha , Mohanty P. R
Published: June 2015

In hydrocarbon exploration, wave-equation migrationtechniques play an important role in imaging thecomplex geological structures. Usually, post-stack migrationscheme is applied to the seismic data to improve theresolution with restoration of dipping reflectors to theirtrue position. As a result, the migrated time sections areinterpretable in terms of subsurface features. As a numericalstudy, three fault models are considered for the presentstudy. First of all, synthetic time sections are generatedcorresponding to three models. Later, post stack migrationschemes such as Gazdag(PS), Phase-shift with turningrays and reverse time migration (T-K) domain techniquesare applied in order to judge the imaging accuracy, preservationof true amplitude and computational speed. All thethree post stack time migrated sections delineate the structurewith their throw.However, the reverse time migrations(T-K) clearly delineate the reflectors in restoring the throwproperly with minimum computational time. In order totest the validity the numerical results, similar exercise hasbeen undertaken using field seismic data of KG basin, India.The results indicates that the field migrated sectionsare imaged. But, the reverse time migration (T-K ) providesthe best subsurface image with restoration of reflectorsand collapse of diffracted events with least computationaltime. Gazdag (PS) and Phase-Shift with turning migratedsection shows the reduction of amplitude whereas, the reversetime migration preserved the amplitude fully.
On the limit properties of maximal likelihood estimators in a Hilbert space
Authors: Babilua Petre , Nadaraya Elizbar , Sokhadze Grigol
Published: June 2015

We develop the method of maximal likelihood for infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces and prove several theorems about consistency and asymptotic normality.
Regular elements of the complete semigroups of binary relations of the class Σ6(X,8)
Authors: Aydın Neşet , Diasamidze Yasha , Yeşil Sungur Didem
Published: June 2015

In this paper, let X be a finite set, D be a complete X-semilattice of unions and

Q
=
{

T
1

,

T
2

,

T
3

,

T
4

,

T
5

,

T
6

,

T
7

,

T
8

}

$Q=\lbrace T_1,T_2,T_3,T_4,T_5, T_6,T_7,T_8\rbrace $

be an X-subsemilattice of D where

T
1

⊂

T
3

⊂

T
5

⊂

T
6

⊂

T
8

$T_1\subset T_3\subset T_5\subset T_6\subset T_8$

,

T
1

⊂

T
3

⊂

T
5

⊂

T
7

⊂

T
8

$T_1\subset T_3\subset T_5\subset T_7\subset T_8$

,

T
2

⊂

T
3

⊂

T
5

⊂

T
6

⊂

T
8

$T_2\subset T_3\subset T_5\subset T_6\subset T_8$

,

T
2

⊂

T
3

⊂

T
5

⊂

T
7

⊂

T
8

$T_2\subset T_3\subset T_5\subset T_7\subset T_8$

,

T
2

⊂

T
4

⊂

T
5

⊂

T
6

⊂

T
8

$T_2\subset T_4\subset T_5\subset T_6\subset T_8$

,

T
2

⊂

T
4

⊂

T
5

⊂

T
7

⊂

T
8

$T_2\subset T_4\subset T_5\subset T_7\subset T_8$

,

T
2

∖

T
1

≠
∅

$T_2\setminus T_1\ne \emptyset $

,

T
1

∖

T
2

≠
∅

$T_1\setminus T_2\ne \emptyset $

,

T
4

∖

T
3

≠
∅

$T_4\setminus T_3\ne \emptyset $

,

T
3

∖

T
4

≠
∅

$T_3\setminus T_4\ne \emptyset $

,

T
6

∖

T
7

≠
∅

$T_6\setminus T_7\ne \emptyset $

,

T
7

∖

T
6

≠
∅

$T_7\setminus T_6\ne \emptyset $

,

T
2

∪

T
1

=

T
3

$T_2\cup T_1=T_3$

,

T
4

∪

T
3

=

T
5

$T_4\cup T_3=T_5$

,

T
6

∪

T
7

=

T
8

$T_6\cup T_7=T_8$

.
Using the characteristic family of sets, the characteristic mapping and base sources of Q, we characterize the class whose elements are each isomorphic to Q. We
generate some advanced formulas in order to calculate the number of
regular elements α of B

X
(D) satisfying

V
(
D
,
α
)
=
Q

$V(D,\alpha )=Q$

, in an
efficient way.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for the
ℍ-differentiability of quaternion functions
Authors: Dzagnidze Omar
Published: June 2015

Some necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the ℍ-derivative
of a quaternion function are given in terms of its differential.
Ligand- and catalyst-free intramolecular C-S bond formation: direct access to indalothiochromen- 4-ones
Authors: Vijay T.A. Jenifer , Sandhya Nagarakere C. , Pavankumar C.S. , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. , Mantelingu Kempegowda
Published: June 2015

An efficient ligand- and catalyst-free intramolecular S-arylation leading to the direct synthesis of indalothiochromen-4-ones from simple dithioesters under mild conditions has been developed. This method is particularly noteworthy given its experimental simplicity, high generality, and good functional group toleration.
Identity negotiation in a super-diverse community: The fuzzy languaging logic of high school students in Soweto
Authors: Nkadimeng Shilela , Makalela Leketi
Published: June 2015

This article reports on multilingual adolescent youth’s negotiation of identities in a languaging South African environment. Focus group dialogues of 17 Grade 11 multilingual students from the South Western Townships (Soweto) in Johannesburg were analysed using conversational analysis techniques from a selected data pool that was generated over a period of three hours. The results of the study show a rift between classroom language and out of school language practices. We demonstrate that (i) the Soweto youth have a wide range of linguistic flexibility that indexes the new socio-linguistic status of South Africa in the post independent era and (ii) that monolingual classroom language are no longer adequate spaces for creativity and plural identity formation. Adopting a mathematical reasoning of approximates, rather than fixed sets, we coin the concept “fuzzy languaging logic” to argue that indigenous African languages are embedded in one another and that the respondents use this hybrid language space to identify and ethnify – choosing who they want to become beyond traditional linguistic and exact ethnic affiliations. Considerations for language in motion and social change as key features of globalization are made at the end of the article.
An ethnography of the standardization reform: A case of policy-making in the context of the Upper Perené Arawak community of Peru
Authors: Mihas Elena
Published: June 2015

This study offers an on-the-ground perspective on the multi-layered process of the Ashéninka and Asháninka state-initiated standardization reform, with the Upper Perené Ashéninka of Peru being a case in point. The reform is carried out in the context of the dramatic decline in the Ashéninka Perené language use due to the community-wide shift to the national language, Spanish. Presented within the ethnographic framework, the analysis focuses on the community’s own view of the national language policy, revealed in the speakers’ language allegiances and attitudes to its own language and literacy, and that of the competing Tambo Asháninka variety, chosen by the government actors to be the written standard. On the basis of a comprehensive video and audio corpus, the ethnography considers conflictive discursive histories of the policy-makers including those of language consultants, bilingual teachers, tribal and political leadership and educational policy agents. The on-the-ground implementation of the standardization reform is supported by the younger generation of speakers who generally have a passive knowledge of the Upper Perené language. Older policy-makers, organized into a language consultant team, have launched resistance projects including the production of Upper Perené books and dictionaries which use the language community’s own spelling conventions.
Asymptotic behavior of small solutions of the Benjamin–Ono equation with time-dependent coefficients
Authors: Mammeri Youcef
Published: June 2015

We study the behavior of small solutions depending on time of the
generalized and regularized Benjamin–Ono equation in both continuous and
periodic context. In particular, we prove that these solutions remain small for
a time scale improving the natural time given by the local well-posedness. In
the continuous case, the result becomes global-in-time.
Approximate controllability of semilinear impulsive strongly damped wave equation
Authors: Larez Hanzel , Leiva Hugo , Rebaza Jorge , Ríos Addison
Published: June 2015

Rothe's fixed-point theorem is applied to prove the interior approximate controllability of a semilinear impulsive strongly damped wave equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions in the space

Z

1
/
2

=
D

(

(
-
Δ
)

1
/
2

)

×

L
2

(
Ω
)

${Z_{1/2} = D((-\Delta )^{1/2}) \times L^{2}(\Omega )}$

, where Ω is a bounded domain in ℝ
n
(n ≥ 1). Under some conditions we prove the following statement: For all open nonempty subsets ω of Ω the system is approximately controllable on

[
0
,
τ
]

${[0, \tau ]}$

.
Moreover, we exhibit a sequence of controls steering the nonlinear system from an initial state z
0 to a neighborhood of the final state z
1 at time

τ
>
0

${\tau >0}$

.
The Use of Chicken Igy in a Double Antibody Sandwich Elisa for the Quantification of Melittin in Bee Venom and Bee Venom Melittin Content in Cosmetics
Authors: Suh Lindsey Y. K. , Kartoon Tayabaa , Gujral Naiyana , Yoon Youngmee , Suh Joo Won , Sunwoo Hoon
Published: June 2015

Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) - based detection systems: indirect competitive ELISA and biotinylated double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) were developed to determine the melittin concentration in honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom and the melittin concentration in cosmetics which contain bee venom. The indirect competitive ELISA employed chicken anti-melittin IgY. The biotinylated DAS-ELISA employed anti-melittin monoclonal antibody (MAb) and biotinylated anti-melittin IgY. To produce anti-melittin IgY; Sigma melittin was emulsified with Freund‘s incomplete adjuvant and immunised to Leghorn laying chickens intramuscularly at four different sites (50 μg/mL, 0.25 mL per site) of the breast muscles. After 5 to 8 weeks of the immunisation, anti-melittin IgY was extracted and analysed by ELISA. The anti-melittin IgY antibody produced was highly specific to melittin and did not cross-react with other bee venom proteins, as examined by ELISA and a western-blot assay. Indirect competitive ELISA demonstrated a higher range of melittin detection (2.5 to 80 μg/mL). Double antibody sandwich ELISA using MAb as the capture antibody and biotinylated polyclonal IgY as the detection antibody, provided a lower range of detection (2.5 - 40 ng/mL), which has a 1000 times higher sensitivity than that of indirect competitive ELISA. Therefore, indirect competitive ELISA is a useful tool to measure the concentration of melittin in bee venom as a raw material. Biotinylated DAS-ELISA, on the other hand, is more suitable for nanoscale quantification of melittin in commercial products.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry for Determining the Thermodynamic Properties of Selected Honeys
Authors: Tomaszewska-Gras Jolanta , Bakier Sławomir , Goderska Kamila , Mansfeld Krzysztof
Published: June 2015

Thermodynamic properties of selected honeys: glass transition temperature (Tg), the change in specifi c heat capacity (ΔCp), and enthalpy (ΔH) were analysed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in relation to the composition i.e. water and sugar content. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) of various types of honey differed significantly (p<0.05) and ranged from -49.7°C (polyfloral) to -34.8°C (sunflower). There was a strong correlation between the Tg values and the moisture content in honey (r = -0.94). The degree of crystallisation of the honey also influenced the Tg values. It has been shown that the presence or absence of sugar crystals influenced the glass transition temperature. For the decrystallised honeys, the Tg values were 6 to 11°C lower than for the crystallised honeys. The more crystallised a honey was, the greater the temperature difference was between the decrystallised and crystallized honey. In conclusion, to obtain reliable DSC results, it is crucial to measure the glass transition after the complete liquefaction of honey.
Application of Gas Chromatography with the Mass Detector (GC-MS) Technique for Detection of Beeswax Adulteration with Paraffin
Authors: Waś Ewa , Szczęsna Teresa , Rybak-Chmielewska Helena
Published: June 2015

To detect beeswax adulteration with hydrocarbons of alien origin (e.g. paraffin), gas chromatography with mass detector (GC-MS) technique was used. The method has been verified here on beeswax samples with different addition (3, 5, 10, 30, and 50%) of paraffin and validated under the conditions of repeatability and within - laboratory reproducibility. The addition of paraffin to beeswax can already be detected on the basis of an analysis of the chromatograms. The intensity of individual alkane peaks increased with the increase of the amount of paraffin added to the beeswax. This increase was the mostly visible for the alkanes with even numbers of carbon atoms in the molecule: C24H50, C26H54, C28H58, C30H62, C32H66, and C34H70. These observations have also been proven by quantitative analysis performed using the internal standard method. Adding paraffin to beeswax resulted in an increase in the total contents of n-alkanes as well as individual alkanes, and in particular, of the even-numbered alkanes. The addition of paraffin to beeswax also resulted in the appearance of alkanes containing over 35 carbon atoms in the molecule, which were not detected in beeswax. The method for determination of beeswax hydrocarbons with the GC-MS technique is characterised by satisfactory repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility. This method can be used for the detection of beeswax adulteration with hydrocarbons of alien origin (e.g. paraffin).
Thermal transport across a thin film composite due to laser short-pulse heating
Authors: Bin Mansoor Saad , Yilbas Bekir Sami
Published: June 2015

Laser short-pule irradiation of silicon-diamond-aluminum thin films is
considered and energy transport across the films is modelled using the
Boltzmann transport equation. Electron-phonon coupling is adopted to
formulate energy transfer across the electron and lattice sub-systems in the
aluminum film. Thermal boundary resistance is incorporated at the film
interfaces. The transfer matrix method is used to account for the
transmittance, reflection and absorption of the incident laser radiation
across the films. Equivalent equilibrium temperature is introduced to access
energy transport in the films, which represents the average energy of all
phonons around a local point when they redistribute adiabatically to an
equilibrium state. It is found that equivalent equilibrium temperature
increases sharply in the electron sub-system due to electron excess energy
gain from the irradiated field. Equivalent equilibrium temperature decays
gradually in the lattice sub-system with increasing period due to phonon
scattering in the film.
Dyshormonogenesis seems to be more frequent in a group of Cameroonian children with congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Um Sap Suzanne Ngo , Koki Paul , Dongmo Felicité Nguefack , De Djob Louis , Tedga Annie , Awa Hubert Mbassi , Chelo David , Boula Angeline
Published: June 2015

Congenital hypothyroidism is a main congenital endocrine disorder, affecting 1 in 4000 births. It is not well described in sub-Saharan countries, and to draw attention to that issue, we decided to describe affected pediatric patients. We retrospectively analyzed the records of eight patients over a period of 6 years. We analyzed clinical sings of hypothyroidism and psychomotor development; hormonal assays and thyroid ultrasound were performed. We included four boys and four girls aged from 3 to 84 months at diagnosis with a median thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level of 156.5 mUI/L. All except one present with a moderate psychomotor delay. Other clinical signs were classical for hypothyroidism. Thyroid ultrasound performed showed a goiter in half of patients, a normal gland in three of them and a hypoplasic gland in the last one, consonant with dyshormonogenesis. We therefore concluded that dyshormonogenesis seems to be more frequent in our context, and this raised the issue of neonatal screening of hypothyroidism in Africa.
On the smoothness of the free boundary
in a nonlocal one-dimensional parabolic
free boundary value problem
Authors: Semerdjieva Rossitza
Published: June 2015

We consider one-dimensional parabolic free boundary value problem with a nonlocal (integro-differential)
condition on the free boundary. Results on Cm-smoothness of the free boundary are obtained. In particular, a
necessary and sufficient condition for infinite differentiability of the free boundary is given.
Two bounds on the noncommuting graph
Authors: Nardulli Stefano , Russo Francesco G.
Published: June 2015

Erdős introduced the noncommuting graph in order to study the number of commuting elements in a
finite group. Despite the use of combinatorial ideas, his methods involved several techniques of classical analysis.
The interest for this graph has become relevant during the last years for various reasons. Here we deal with a
numerical aspect, showing for the first time an isoperimetric inequality and an analytic condition in terms of Sobolev
inequalities. This last result holds in the more general context of weighted locally finite graphs.
A signature-based algorithm for computing
Gröbner-Shirshov bases in skew solvable
polynomial rings
Authors: Zhao Xiangui , Zhang Yang
Published: June 2015

Signature-based algorithms are efficient algorithms for computing Gröbner-Shirshov bases in commutative
polynomial rings, and some noncommutative rings. In this paper, we first define skew solvable polynomial
rings, which are generalizations of solvable polynomial algebras and (skew) PBW extensions. Then we present a
signature-based algorithm for computing Gröbner-Shirshov bases in skew solvable polynomial rings over fields.
On Poincaré duality for pairs (G,W)
Authors: Andrade Maria Gorete Carreira , Fanti Ermínia de Lourdes Campello , Fêmina Lígia Laís
Published: June 2015

Let G be a group and W a G-set. In this work we prove a result that describes geometrically, for a Poincaré
duality pair (G, W ), the set of representatives for the G-orbits in W and the family of isotropy subgroups. We also
prove, through a cohomological invariant, a necessary condition for a pair (G, W ) to be a Poincaré duality pair when
W is infinite.
Chaotic and hypercyclic properties of the quasi-linear Lasota equation
Authors: Hung Cheng-Hung
Published: June 2015

In this paper we describe an explicit solution semigroup of the quasi-linear Lasota equation. By
constructing the relationship of this solution semigroup with the translation semigroup we obtain some sufficient
and necessary conditions for the solution semigroup of the quasi-linear Lasota equation to be hypercyclic or chaotic
respectively.
Do Group Exams Support English as an Additional Language Student Learning?
Authors: Caldecott Marion , Emmioglu Esma
Published: June 2015

Team-based learning (TBL) has been shown to improve many aspects of student learning, but no previous research has systematically examined the effects of group exams on English as an Additional Language (EAL) students in university classrooms. This study is a small-scale action research examining the role of students’ English language status in their perceptions of and performance in group exams within TBL. The data were collected from 29 students – (13 EAL) and 16 English as a first language (EL1) – attending a third-year university linguistics class in Vancouver, Canada. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used for the data analysis. Results of the study revealed no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of perceptions or performance. Both groups had positive perceptions about group exams and the increase in their performance over the course of the semester was statistically significant. Qualitative results showed that students found group exams helpful for learning and reducing exam anxiety. Students also enjoyed the experience of taking group exams and stated that their attitudes toward the group exams were more positive at the end of the semester.
Performance and field implementation of a new fracturing fluid consisting of hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide and anionic surfactant
Authors: Zhao Zhongcong , Liu Tongyi , Luo Pingya , Li Yan , Liu Jianxin , Cheng Jiangmin , Yu Yi
Published: June 2015

The fundamental cause of the proppant suspension behavior in hydraulic fracturing fluids lies in its internal microcosmic network structure and structural strength. In addition to chemical crosslinking, another method to form a network structure is established in this paper. Hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide and an anionic surfactant self-assembly process was applied to form a network structure. Compared with crosslinked hydroxypropyl guar gel, the new fracturing fluid even has better proppant suspending properties in static conditions. The capability does not result from crosslinkage but from reinforced physical associations between chains. The performance of this new fracturing fluid was tested and the results showed that it can fully satisfy the requirement of fracturing fluid. Field test shows excellent stimulation effects during its applications in 400 wells in eight oilfields in China.
Application of the fractional-stable distributions for approximation of the gene expression profiles
Authors: Saenko Viacheslav , Saenko Yury
Published: June 2015

Nowadays, there are reliable scientific data highlighting that the probability density function of the gene expression demonstrates a number of universal features commonly observed in the microarray experiments. First of all, these distributions demonstrate the power-law asymptotics and, secondly, the shape of these distributions is inherent for all organisms and tissues. This fact leads to appearance of a number of works where authors investigate various probability distributions for an approximation of the empirical distributions of the gene expression. Nevertheless, all these distributions are not a limit distribution and are not a solution of any equation. These facts, in our opinion, are essential shortcoming of these probability laws. Besides, the expression of the individual gene is not an accidental phenomenon and it depends on the expression of the other genes. This suggests an existence of the genic regulatory net in a cell. The present work describes the class of the fractional-stable distributions. This class of the distributions is a limit distribution of the sums of independent identically distributed random variables. Due to the power-law asymptotics, these distributions are applicable for the approximation of the experimental densities of the gene expression for microarray experiments. The parameters of the fractional stable distributions are statistically estimated by experimental data and the functions of the empirical and theoretical densities are compared. Here we describe algorithms for simulation of the fractional-stable variables and estimation of the parameters of the the fractional stable densities. The results of such a comparison allow to conclude that the empirical densities of the gene expression can be approximated by the fractional-stable distributions.
Metaphor and the notion of control in trauma talk
Authors: Tay Dennis , Jordan Jennifer
Published: June 2015

Metaphor use in psychotherapy practice has been influenced by conceptual metaphor theory and the “internal target–external source” assumption, where targets comprise abstract therapeutic issues, while sources comprise concrete conceptual materials external to the therapeutic setting. The relevance of metaphor is hence questionable in trauma talk, since traumatic events involve intense bodily experiences which are already concrete and do not require any external inferential support. We examine transcripts of semi-structured interviews with 14 subjects following the 2010–2012 earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand, focusing on the role of metaphor in their conceptualization of a sense of “control” over their immediate physical environment, and more abstract aspects of their lives in the earthquakes’ aftermath. We discuss four discursive patterns which show how speakers used metaphor as a mechanism to extend or refocus initial discussion of physical control, to subsequent discussion of abstract control. This suggests that metaphor goes beyond a conceptualization role to play a “scaffolding” role in trauma talk, where an initial target topic may serve as a source concept for a subsequent target topic. Therapists therefore do not necessarily have to “look externally” for productive source domains, but could capitalize upon conceptual materials which present themselves as therapeutic interaction unfolds.
Analysis of Ablative Performance of C/C Composite Throat Containing Defects Based on X-ray 3D Reconstruction in a Solid Rocket Motor
Authors: Hui Wei-Hua , Bao Fu-Ting , Wei Xiang-Geng , Liu Yang
Published: June 2015

In this paper, a new measuring method of ablation rate was proposed based on X-ray three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. The ablation of 4-direction carbon/carbon composite nozzles was investigated in the combustion environment of a solid rocket motor, and the macroscopic ablation and linear recession rate were studied through the X-ray 3D reconstruction method. The results showed that the maximum relative error of the X-ray 3D reconstruction was 0.0576%, which met the minimum accuracy of the ablation analysis; along the nozzle axial direction, from convergence segment, throat to expansion segment, the ablation gradually weakened; in terms of defect ablation, the middle ablation was weak, while the ablation in both sides was more serious. In a word, the proposed reconstruction method based on X-ray about C/C nozzle ablation can construct a clear model of ablative nozzle which characterizes the details about micro-cracks, deposition, pores and surface to analyze ablation, so that this method can create the ablation curve in any surface clearly.
La formación-acción en equipos de trabajo Un estudio de caso con estudiantes de traducción e interpretación en la Universidad de Valladolid
Authors: Gómez Susana
Published: June 2015

El objetivo de este artìculo es describir una enriquecedora experiencia de aprendizaje que se está llevando a cabo en la Universidad de Valladolid con estudiantes de traducciñn e interpretaciñn y expertos en el área participantes de un proyecto de innovaciñn docente de excelencia.

Este proyecto supone una experiencia formativa y colaborativa en la que los estudiantes participantes reciben una formaciñn práctica como complemento a sus estudios (de gran utilidad en su tarea diaria y de cara a su futuro profesional), y los expertos actúan como mentores en una relaciñn horizontal de ayuda, apoyo, confianza y refuerzo positivo caracterìstica del liderazgo transformacional. El objetivo principal es fomentar que los estudiantes aprendan a trabajar en equipo de forma eficaz viéndose a sì mismos como profesionales actuando en un contexto real y significativo en el que se contemplan y valoran sus ideas, destrezas y fortalezas.
Il problema della traduzione e il “linguaggio dell‟ineffabile” nella Commedia di Dante in rapporto alla traduzione russa del poema
Authors: Landa Kristina
Published: June 2015

Riassunto

Il presente articolo tratta del ―linguaggio dell‘ineffabilità‖ di Dante Alighieri alla luce della teoria della traduzione, e di alcune strutture di questo linguaggio nella traduzione russa della Divina Commedia di M.L. Lozinskij. Molti hanno scritto sul linguaggio di Dante come mezzo d‘espressione delle verità mistiche. Eppure non esiste un lavoro critico in cui questo tema si studi dal punto di vista della scienza traduttiva. Il nostro obiettivo è dimostrare l‘importanza del tema della ―traduzione‖ delle verità divine nel linguaggio umano per la poetica dantesca e scoprire come tale ―traduzione‖ si effettui nella traduzione russa della Commedia ad alcuni livelli testuali.
Cyclophanes, Part 73: diastereoselective dimerization of an α,β-unsaturated ketone. Structure of all-trans-1,3-dibenzoyl-2,4-di([2.2]paracyclophan-4-yl)cyclobutane
Authors: Hopf Henning , Dix Ina , Jones Peter G.
Published: June 2015

The dimerization of an α,β-unsaturated ketone led to a product that consists of a single diastereomer with all-trans configuration, as shown by an X-ray structure investigation. We postulate that the steric bulk of the 4-[2.2]paracyclophanyl substituent is responsible for the diastereoselectivity. The central cyclobutane ring is puckered, with a fold angle of 27.9(1)°. The cyclophane units show the usual distortions associated with the bridge strain.
Synthesis and characterization of some new fluoroquinolone-barbiturate hybrid systems
Authors: Sweidan Kamal , El-Abadelah Mustafa M. , Haddad Salim F. , Voelter Wolfgang
Published: June 2015

New hybrid molecules containing fluoroquinolone-barbiturate moieties were synthesized via simple routes, followed by characterization using various spectroscopic approaches. The THF solvent molecule was incorporated into compounds 2 and 3 through its oxygen atom based on its nucleophilicity. Facile displacement of the chloride ion in 4-oxoquinoline-3-carbonyl chloride by the nucleophilic methylene carbon of 1,3-dialkylbarbiturate/thiobarbiturate afforded the respective hybrids 5 and 6.
Consider the Ravens
Authors: Myhren Brett Garcia
Published: June 2015

Eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century foreign literature on Alta California depicts the Hispanic population as indolent and inefficient at developing the region’s natural bounty, providing a justification for conquest. California’s early representation as an island conveyed connotations of escape and undeveloped paradise. The Black Legend reinforced the laziness trope. Spanish observers were defensive on the issues of leisure and labor, while Native American Pablo Tac described the unceasing labor of the mission Indians.
Looking for the Founders of the Historical Society of Southern California
Authors: Ovnick Merry
Published: June 2015

New and old research methods applied to the task of finding out the identities of the twenty-one individuals who founded the Historical Society of Southern California in 1883 serve as a demonstration of methodology while uncovering the interesting variety among the founders.
Steroidogenic enzyme profile in an androgen-secreting adrenocortical oncocytoma associated with hirsustism
Authors: Tetsi Nomigni Milène , Ouzounian Sophie , Benoit Alice , Vadrot Jacqueline , Tissier Frédérique , Renouf Sylvie , Lefebvre Hervé , Christin-Maitre Sophie , Louiset Estelle
Published: June 2015

Hirsutism induced by hyperandrogenism can be associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, 21-hydroxylase (OH) deficiency or androgen-secreting tumors, including ovarian and adrenal tumors. Adrenal androgen-secreting tumors are frequently malignant. Adrenal oncocytomas represent rare causes of hyperandrogenism. The aim of the study was to investigate steroidogenic enzyme expression and steroid secretion in an androgen-secreting adrenal oncocytoma in a young woman presenting with hirsutism. Hyperandrogenism was diagnosed on the basis of elevated plasma Δ4-androstenedione and testosterone levels. Pelvic ultrasound was normal, CT scanning revealed a right adrenal mass. Androgens were assessed in adrenal and ovarian vein samples and proved a right adrenal origin. Adrenalectomy normalized androgen levels and the adrenal tumor was diagnosed as an oncocytoma. Real time-PCR, immunohistochemistry and cell culture studies were performed on tumor explants to investigate the steroid secretion profile. Among enzymes required for cortisol synthesis, 17α-OH and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (3β-HSD2) were highly expressed whereas 21-OH and 11β-OH were weakly produced at the mRNA and/or protein levels. Enzymes involved in testosterone production, 17β-HSD5 and 17β-HSD3, were also detected. ACTH receptor was present in the tissue. Cortisol, Δ4-androstenedione and testosterone secretions by cultured cells were increased by ACTH. These results provide the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of abnormal expression profile of steroidogenic enzymes in an adrenocortical oncocytoma. Our results also indicate that Δ4-androstenedione hypersecretion resulted from high 17α-OH and 3β-HSD2 expression in combination with low expression of 21-OH and 11β-OH. Testosterone production was ascribed to occurrence of 17β-HSD5 and 17β-HSD3. Finally, our results indicate that androgen secretion was stimulated by ACTH.
Rising trend in vitamin D status from 1993 to 2013: dual concerns for the future
Authors: McKenna Malachi J , Murray Barbara F , O'Keane Myra , Kilbane Mark T
Published: June 2015

Background

The Institute of Medicine 2011 Report on Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D specified higher intakes for all age groups compared to the 1997 report, but also cautioned against spurious claims about an epidemic of vitamin D deficiency and against advocates of higher intake requirements. Over 40 years, we have noted marked improvement in vitamin D status but we are concerned about hypervitaminosis D.

Objective

We sought to evaluate the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) trend over 20 years.

Design

We retrieved all results of serum 25OHD from 1993 to 2013 (n=69 012) that was trimmed to one sample per person (n=43 782). We conducted a time series analysis of the monthly averages for 25OHD using a simple sequence chart and a running median smoothing function. We modelled the data using univariate auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and forecast 25OHD levels up to 2016.

Results

The time series sequence chart and smoother function demonstrated a steady upward trend with seasonality. The yearly average 25OHD increased from 36.1 nmol/l in 1993 to 57.3 nmol/l in 2013. The ARIMA model was a good fit for the 25OHD time series; it forecasted monthly average 25OHD up to the end of 2016 with a positive stationary R2 of 0.377.

Conclusions

Vitamin D status improved over the past 40 years, but there remains a dual problem: there are groups at risk of vitamin D deficiency who need public health preventative measures; on the other hand, random members of the population are taking unnecessarily high vitamin D intakes for unsubstantiated claims.
Impact of a novel 14 bp MEN1 deletion in a patient with hyperparathyroidism and gastrinoma
Authors: Birla Shweta , P Jyotsna Viveka , Singla Rajiv , Tripathi Madhavi , Sharma Arundhati
Published: June 2015

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) is a rare autosomal-dominant disease characterized by tumors in endocrine and/or non endocrine organs due to mutations in MEN1 encoding a nuclear scaffold protein‘menin’ involved in regulation of different cellular activities. We report a novel 14 bp MEN1 deletion mutation in a 35-year-old female with history of recurrent epigastric pain, vomiting, loose stools and weight loss. On evaluation she was diagnosed to have multifocal gastro-duodenal gastrinoma with paraduodenal lymph nodes and solitary liver metastasis. She was also found to have primary hyperparathyroidism with bilateral inferior parathyroid adenoma. Pancreatico-duodenectomy with truncalvagotomy was performed. Four months later, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of segment 4 of the liver was done followed by three and a half parathyroidectomy. MEN1 screening was carried out for the patient and her family members. MEN-1 sequencing in the patient revealed a heterozygous 14 bp exon 8 deletion. Evaluation for pathogenicity and protein structure prediction showed that the mutation led to a frameshift thereby causing premature termination resulting in a truncated protein. To conclude, a novel pathogenic MEN1 deletion mutation affecting its function was identified in a patient with hyperparathyroidism and gastrinoma. The report highlights the clinical consequences of the novel mutation and its impact on the structure and function of the protein. It also provides evidence for co-existence of pancreatic and duodenal gastrinomas in MEN1 syndrome. MEN1 testing provides important clues regarding etiology and therefore should be essentially undertaken in asymptomatic first degree relatives who could be potential carriers of the disease.

Learning points

Identification of a novel pathogenic MEN1 deletion mutation.

MEN1 mutation screening in patients with pituitary, parathyroid and pancreatic tumors, and their first degree relatives gives important clues about the etiology.

Pancreatic and duodenal gastrinomas may co-exist simultaneously in MEN1 syndrome.
Spontaneous cervical haemorrhage of a parathyroid adenoma
Authors: Ulrich Lara , Knee Graham , Todd Colin
Published: June 2015

Haemorrhage of a parathyroid adenoma is a rare clinical presentation. This report describes a previously fit and well 54-year-old woman who presented with acute neck swelling and pain with an overlying ecchymosis. Admission laboratory tests revealed a raised parathyroid hormone and hypercalcaemia. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed widespread anterior cervical haemorrhage and a lesion at the inferior pole of the left thyroid gland. A working diagnosis of spontaneous haemorrhage from a parathyroid adenoma was made. As she was haemodynamically stable, she was treated conservatively with a period of observation in hospital to monitor for signs of neck organ compression. Follow-up imaging with CT, ultrasound and sestamibi confirmed the likely source of haemorrhage as a parathyroid nodule with significant vascularity. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathological analysis after elective surgical exploration of the neck 6 months after her presentation. This revealed a benign parathyroid adenoma with evidence of acute and chronic bleeding. The patient made a full recovery with immediate normalisation of her biochemistry post-operatively. Despite developing a hoarse voice in the immediate post-operative period, this resolved completely within 1 month. This case report provides further evidence to support a minimal delay for elective surgery after conservative management to reduce the risks associated with recurrent bleeding.

Learning points

Haemorrhage of a parathyroid adenoma should be a differential for all cases of acute cervical swelling or ecchymosis with no precipitating factor.

The clerking should identify any risk factors for endocrine disease.

Blood tests to screen for abnormal parathyroid biochemistry should be performed on admission.

Detailed imaging of the neck is essential to identify the source of haemorrhage and risk of compression to vital neck organs.

Conservative management is a suitable option for patients who remain haemodynamically stable but all should undergo a period of observation in hospital.

Conservatively managed patients should be considered for definitive surgical exploration within a month of presentation to avoid the risks of recurrent bleeding.