bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OTOMATISASI ROTARY SAMPLE COLLECTOR DENGAN MOTOR STEPPER BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER ATMEGA8535 DAN SENSOR FOTODIODA
Authors: Fridayanti Nola , - Wildian
Published: February 2025

AbstrakTelah dirancang suatu sistem otomasi rotary sample collector berbasis mikrokontroler ATmega8535 untuk pengisian tabung reaksi secara otomatis. Rak tabung reaksi dirancang berbentuk piringan dari bahan karton tebal dengan diameter 22,7 cm dan massa 145 g, sedangkan poros pemutar piringan terbuat dari pipa PVC (polyvinyl chloride) berdiamter 2,2 cm dan massa 49,05 g. Sistem dirancang untuk mengisi dan merotasi 4 tabung reaksi. Pengisian tabung dengan zat cair dilakukan melalui kran elektrik (electric valve) yang katupnya dikontrol berdasarkan sinyal keluaran fotodioda. LED (light emitting diode) dan fotodioda berfungsi sebagai sistem sensor ketinggian zat cair dalam tabung. Ketika zat cair dalam tabung telah mencapai ketinggian tertentu, mikrokontroler mengirimkan sinyal untuk menutup katup kran, dan kemudian mengirim sinyal untuk menggerakkan motor stepper sejauh 90Â° (untuk 4 tabung). Ketika rotasi telah mencapai 90Â°, mikrokontroler mengirim sinyal untuk menghentikan motor stepper dan kemudian mengirimkan sinyal untuk membuka kran. Proses berulang hingga tabung ke-4 terisi. Tipe motor stepper yang digunakan adalah unipolar. Sistem motor stepper yang telah dibuat mampu memutar beban hinggaÂ  3445,36 g. Zat cair yang dapat dideteksi dalam sistem otomasi ini bergantung pada daya tembus cahaya yang dihasilkan LED; zat cair yang lebih bening memerlukan LED yang daya tembusnya lebih lemah.Kata kunci: rotary sample collector, motor stepper, LED dan fotodioda, ATmega8535.AbstractAn automation system of a rotary sample collector based on microcontroller ATmega8535 for filling test tubes has been designed. The test tube rack designed has a shape of disc made of a thick cardboard, diameter of 22.7 cm and mass of 145 g, while the axis of the disc rotor made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipe with a diameter of 2.2 cm and mass of 49.05 g. The system is designed to fill and rotate 4 test tubes. The liquid is filled into the tube through an electric valve where its valve is controlled according to a photodiode output signal.Â  LED (light emitting diode) and photodiode act as a sensor system to detect the level of liquid surface in the tube. When the liquid reaches a certain level, the microcontrollerÂ  sends a signal to switch-off the valve, and thenÂ  it sends a signal to drives the stepper motor to rotates 90Â° (for 4 tubes). After the 90Â° rotation is reached, the microcontrollerÂ  sends another signal to switch-on the valve. The process repeats until the forth tube filled. The type of moter stepper used is unipolar. The stepper motor system is able to rotates a load up toÂ  3445.36 g. The liquids which can be detected in this automation system depend on the light penetrability yield by the LED; the more transparent liquid requires the LED which the weaker light penetrability.Key-words: stepper motor, test tube, photodiode, microcontroller ATmega8535.
STUDI AWAL UJI PERANGKAT KAMERA GAMMA DUAL HEAD MODEL PENCITRAAN PLANAR STATIK MENGGUNAKAN SUMBER RADIASI HIGH ENERGY IODIUM-131 (I131)
Authors: Ramadayani Rima , Milvita Dian , Nazir Fadil
Published: February 2025

ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan studi awal uji perangkat kamera gamma dual head model pencitraan planar statik menggunakan sumber radiasi high energy Iodium-131 (I131) di PTKMR BATAN, Jakarta Selatan.Â  Pada penelitian dilakukan pengujian perangkat untuk mengetahui akumulasi sumber radiasi menggunakan teknik ROI (Region of Interest) dan model yang digunakan planar statik.Â  Variabel penelitian yang digunakan adalah phantom (phantom linier dan phantom BAR) variasi jarak 5 cm, 10 cm dan 15 cm selama 5 menit dan data diolah menggunakan Statistica 6.0. Untuk variasi jarak didapatkan hasil laju cacahan tanpa kolimator lebih tinggi dibandingkan menggunakan kolimator, sedangkan laju cacahan menggunakan phantom BAR lebih tinggi dibandingkan phantom linier. Hasil semua cuplikan untuk pengujian perangkat kamera gamma tidak jauh berbeda karena akumulasi sumber radiasi tersebar merata.Kata kunci : Iodium-131, Jarak, Kamera Gamma Dual Head, Kolimator HEGP, Phantom, Planar Statik.AbstractThe research conducted a preliminary study testing dual head gamma camera device models static planar imaging using high energy radiation sources Iodine-131 (I131) in PTKMR BATAN, South Jakarta. In research conducted testing device to determine the accumulation of radiation sources using techniques ROI (Region of Interest) and the models used planar static. The variables used in this study is the phantom (phantom linear and phantom BAR) variation distance of 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm for 5 minutes and the data processed using Statistica 6.0. For distance variation of counts rate showed no higher than using a collimator collimator, whereas the rate of shredded using phantomÂ  BAR higher than phantom linear. The results of all samples for testing gamma camera device is not much different because of the accumulation of radiation sources spread evenly.Keyword : Iodium-131, Distance, Camera Gamma Dual Head, HEGP Collimator, Phantom, Planar
IDENTIFIKASI SEBARAN LOGAM BERAT PADA TANAH LAPISAN ATAS DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN SUSEPTIBILITAS MAGNETIK DI BEBERAPA RUAS JALAN DISEKITAR PELABUHAN TELUK BAYUR PADANG
Authors: Yulius Ulfa , Afdal Afdal
Published: February 2025

ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian untuk menentukan kandungan logam berat dan suseptibilitas magnetik serta hubungan keduannya pada tanah lapisan atas di tiga ruas jalan menuju Pelabuhan Teluk Bayur Padang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2013 di Jalan Sutan Syahrir, Jalan By Pass dan Jalan Bungus. Sampel yang diambil berupa tanah bagian atas pada kedalaman 10 cm sebanyak lebih kurang 50 g pada tiap-tiap titik lokasi pengambilan. Sampel diambil mulai dari Pelabuhan Teluk Bayur Padang kemudian menyebar ke tiga ruas jalan dengan rentang masing-masing 5 km dengan jarak antar sampel 0,5 km. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai suseptibilitas magnetik tanah lapisan atas di lokasi penelitian berkisar antara 878,9 sampai dengan 6694,2 x 10-5 m3kg-1 dengan rata-rata keseluruhan sebesar 3415,9 x 10-5 m3kg-1. Nilai suseptibilitas yang lebih dari 1000 x 10-5 m3kg-1 termasuk kategori pencemar tinggi. Hal ini dapat juga dilihat dari konsentrasi logam berat (Pb, Cu, Cd) dimana nilainya di atas nilai baku mutu, sedangkan konsentrasi Zn adalah 6,8 ppm yang masih di bawah nilai baku mutu yaitu 50 ppm. Konsentrasi logam berat menunjukkan adanya hubungan dengan suseptibilitas, dengan koefisien korelasi 0,50 untuk Pb, 0,31 untuk Cu, 0,12 untuk Cd dan 0,17 untuk Zn. Hal ini memberi harapan bahwa suseptibilitas magnetik dapat digunakan sebagai indikator penyebaran logam berat pada tanah lapisan atas akibat polusi kendaraan bermotor.Kata kunci: suseptibilitas magnetik, logam berat, tanah lapisan atas.ABSTRACTThe heavy metal content and magnetic susceptibility and their relations to top soil in three road sides around Teluk Bayur harbor, Padang have been investigated. The samples were taken on December 2013 at Jalan Sutan Syahrir, Jalan By Pass and Jalan Bungus. 50 g of samples were taken in the depth of 10 cm where the distance between two consecutive sample points is 0.5 km. The result shows that magnetic susceptibility of top soil range from 878.9 to 6694.2 x 10-5 m3kg-1, with the average of 3415.9 x 10-5 m3kg-1. The top soil in this research has been polluted by Pb, Cu and Cd, where their concentration is higher than natural value, that is 15.6 ppm for Pb, 20.6 ppm for Cu, 10.7 ppm for Cd, while Zn concentration of 6.8 ppm is still below its natural value. The concentration of heavy metals in top soil has the same trend with its magnetic susceptibility, with correlation coefficient is 0.5 for Pb, 0.31 for Cu, 0.12 for Cd, and 0.17 for Zn. It means that magnetic susceptibility can be used as indicator of heavy metal contamination in the top soil.Keyword: magnetic susceptibility, heavy metal, top soil.
PENGARUH PROSES OKSIDASI PADA LOGAM PADUAN ZR-2,5NB UNTUK MATERIAL BIOIMPLAN
Authors: Nastiti Gemi , Handani Sri , Bandriyana B
Published: February 2025

ABSTRAKPenelitian tentang pengaruh proses oksidasi pada logam paduan Zr-2,5Nb untuk material bioimplan telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui stuktur mikro, kekerasan, ketahanan korosi dan toksisitas paduan logam Zr-2,5Nb sebelum dan sesudah dioksidasi. Pengujian stuktur mikro dengan mikroskop optik memperlihatkan paduan homogen berbentuk equiaxial. Proses oksidasi dilakukan menggunakan alat MSB selama 5 jam dengan variasi suhu 500ÂºC, 600ÂºC dan 700ÂºC. Pada oksidasi suhu 500Â°C tebal lapisan oksidaÂ  berkisar antara 4,06 â€“ 5,02 Âµm, pada suhu 600Â°C tebal lapisan antara 4,20 â€“ 7,80 Âµm danpada suhu 700Â°C tebal lapisan oksida 19,00 â€“ 23,60 Âµm. Sebelum oksidasi kekerasan sebesar 233,7 VHN. Pada logam setelah dioksidasi 500Â°C kekerasan rata-rata sebesar 242,4 VHN. Pada oksidasi 600Â°C kekerasan sebesar 261,2 VHN dan 700Â°C kekerasan sebesar 399,1 VHN. Nilai laju korosi sebelum oksidasi sebesar 0,0695 mpy. Setelah proses oksidasi nilai korosi sampel jauh lebih rendah yaitu sebesar 0,0094 mpy. Persentasi inhibisi paduan sebelum oksidasi sebesar 13,3 % dan setelah oksidasi memiliki persentasi inhibisi sebesar 0 %, yang sangat baikÂ  dimanfaatkan sebagai material bioimplan.Kata kunci : paduan zirkonium, oksidasi MSB, kekerasan, korosi, metode in vitro, bioimplanAbstractResearch on the effect of oxidation on the metal alloy Zr-2,5Nb for bioimplant material has been done. This research aims to find out the micro structure, hardness, corrosion resistance and toxicity of metal alloys Zr-2,5Nb before and after being oxidized. The micro structure tested by optical microscopy show a homogeneous alloy shaped equiaxial. The oxidation process is done using a MSB for 5 hours with temperature variations of 500ÂºC, 600ÂºC and 700ÂºC. Oxide layer thickness was measured by using SEM. At the oxidation temperature of 500Â°C the oxide layer thickness ranged from 4,06 to 5,02 Âµm, at a temperature of 600Â°C layer thickness between 4,20 and 7,80 Âµm and at temperature of 700Â°C the oxide layer thickness from 19,00 to 23,60 Âµm. Alloy hardness before oxidation Â is 233,7 VHN, whereafter oxidized of 500 Â°C the average of metal hardness is 242,4 VHN. At 600Â°C oxidation the hardness is 261,2 VHN and 700Â°C is 399,1 VHN. Corrosion rate value before oxidation is 0,0695 mpy. After the oxidation process the corrosion rate value is much lower than before oxidation and equal to 0,0094 mpy. This is due to the presence of oxygen contained in the oxide layer. The percentage inhibition of oxidation of the alloy before oxidation is 13.3% and after oxidation is 0%, which is well used as material bioimplant.Keywords : zirconium alloys, oxidation MSB, hardness, corrosion, in vitro methods, bioimplant
ANALISIS PENGARUH EL NINO SOUTHERN OSCILATION (ENSO) TERHADAP CURAH HUJAN DI KOTO TABANG SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Vitri Triana , - Marzuki
Published: February 2025

ABSTRAKCurah hujan merupakan parameter yang tingkat variabilitasnya tinggi terhadap lokasi maupun waktu yang disebabkan oleh faktor lokal maupun global. Di dalam tugas akhir ini diteliti pengaruh El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) terhadap curah hujan di Koto Tabang, Sumatera Barat tahun 2002-2012 yang terekam oleh Optical Rain Gauge (ORG). Pengaruh ENSO terlihat jelas dari hujan bulanan yang menyebabkan dua puncak hujan yaitu pada Oktober-November dan Maret-Mei. Lebih dari 70% total curah hujan yang terjadi di Koto Tabang berasal dari hujan jam 12-24 dengan puncak pada jam 16-17 WIB. Secara keseluruhan nilai intensitas curah hujan dari hasil pengamatan untuk persentase <0,01% lebih kecil dari rekomendasi ITU-R. Kesesuaian antara hasil pengamatan dan rekomendasi ITU-R hanya terlihat pada fasa La Nina kuat. Untuk fasa El Nino, perbedaan intensitas curah hujan hasil pengamatan dengan rekomendasi ITU-R menjadi lebih besar untuk persentase <1%.Kata kunci : El Nino Southern Oscilation (ENSO), Optical Rain Gauge (ORG), Â ITU-RAbstractRainfall has strong variability both spatial and temporal which is due to local and global factors. This thesis is devoted to investigate the impact of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the rainfall at Koto Tabang, West Sumatera using data 2002-2012 recorded by an Optical Rain Gauge (ORG). The effect of ENSO on Koto Tabang rainfall can be observed clearly from monthly data in which ENSO generates two peaks of rainfall, i.e., October-November and March-May. Approximately 70% of the rainfall amount comes from 12-24 local time with a peak around 16-17. In general, the cumulative distribution of measured rain rates at small time percentages (<0,01%)Â  is smaller than that obtained from the ITU-R model. A fairly good agreement between measurement and ITU-R model was observed during strong La Nina phase. Significant differences between the recorded data and the ITU-R model are seen during El Nino phase.Keywords : El Nino Southern Oscilation (ENSO), Optical Rain Gauge (ORG), ITU-R
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI INHIBITOR EKSTRAK DAUN KAKAO (Theobroma cacao) TERHADAP LAJU KOROSI BAJA HARDOX 450
Authors: Malfinora Anike , Handani Sri , Yetri Yuli
Published: February 2025

ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan serangkaian uji korosi dan analisis struktur mikro terhadap baja Hardox 450.Â  Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan medium korosif H2SO4 3% dan Na2SO4 3%.Â  Metode yang digunakan adalah metode weight loss untuk pengukuran laju korosi dan metode potensiodinamik untuk melihat nilai arus korosi beserta potensial korosi.Â  Baja direndam di dalam medium korosif dengan penambahan dan tanpa penambahan inhibitor.Â  Variasi konsentrasi inhibitor yang digunakan adalah dari 1% hingga 10% dengan lama perendaman lima hari.Â  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari variasi konsentrasi yang diberikan laju korosi terbesar terjadi pada baja tanpa penambahan inhibitor, sedangkan laju korosi berkurang dengan penambahan inhibitor, terlihat dari kurva Tafel yang menunjukkan penurunan Ikorosi.Â  Semakin besar konsentrasi inhibitor yang ditambahkan maka nilai laju korosi akan semakin menurun dan nilai efisiensi inhibisi korosi semakin tinggi.Â  Nilai efisiensi terbesar didapatkan pada penambahan konsentrasi inhibitor 10%, untuk medium korosif H2SO4 mencapai 63,89% dan untuk medium Na2SO4 mencapai 56,61%.Â  Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa inhibitor ekstrak daun kakao efisien dalam mengendalikan laju korosi dalam medium H2SO4 dan Na2SO4.Â  Dari analisis foto optik morfologi permukaan baja Hardox 450 memperlihatkan permukaan baja dengan penambahan ekstrak daun kakao mengalami korosi lebih sedikit.Kata kunci : laju korosi, inhibitor, efisiensi, weight loss, potensiodinamikAbstractThe corrosion test and microstructure analysis of Hardox 450 steel have been done.Â  This research was performed using H2SO4 3% and Na2SO4 3% corrosive mediums.Â  The method used were weight loss for measuring the corrosion rate and potentiodynamic method to see the value of corrosion current and corrosion potential.Â  Steel immersed in the corrosive medium with the addition and without addition of inhibitors.Â  Concentration variation of inhibitor used was from 1% to 10% with five days immersion time.Â  The result based from concentration variation was used showed that the corrosion rate occured in the steel without the addition of inhibitors, whereas the corrosion rate decreases with the addition of inhibitors, by the Tafel curves showed a decreases Icor.Â  The greater concentration of the inhibitor is added then the value of corrosion rate will lower and corrosion inhibition efficiency will increase.Â  Greatest efficiency values both for medium corrosive obtained at inhibitor concentration 10%, 63,89% in H2SO4 and 56,61% in Na2SO4.Â  It shows that the cocoa leaf extract inhibitor is efficient in controlling corrotion rate in H2SO4 and Na2SO4 medium corrosive.Â  From the optical photograph analysed on the surface morphology of Hardox 450 steel showed that the addition of cocoa leaves extract suffered less corrosion.Keywords: corrosion rate, inhibitor, efficiency, weight loss, potentiodynamic
"¡Si nunca he dicho que estuviera enamorada de él!" Sobre construcciones independientes introducidas por "si" con valor replicativo
Authors: Montolío Durán Estrella
Published: February 2025

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CLASSIFICATION OF MAJOR MAIZE HETEROTIC GROUPS BASED ON GENOTYPING-BY-SEQUENCING USING PUBLICLY AVAILABLE WGS REFERENCE SAMPLES
Authors:   All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, Voronezhskaya V.S. ,   All-Russia Research Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Obninsk,   All-Russian Research Scientific Institute of Corn, Pyatigorsk,   National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Ermolaev A.S. , Ulyanov D.S. , Dmitrieva A.R. , Syedina N.M. , Vasiliev A.V. , Sotchenko D.Yu. , Toshchakov S.V.
Published: February 2025

A method for classifying heterotic groups of maize based on genotyping results from GBS (Genotyping-by-Sequencing)
is proposed. The advantage of this method is the lack of necessity to sequence reference samples of heterotic groups, as the anchors
are derived from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of major heterotic groups available in public databases. To stratify samples of Russian-bred maize into heterotic groups, principal component analysis (PCA) and assessment of relatedness using a multilocus SNP panel
were employed.
Analysis of Influence of Gender and Religion on Positive Mental Health among the International Students Studying in Gujarat State
Authors: Ally Jaji Julius , Mathur Kamayani
Published: February 2025

Educational experience holds promises of intellectual growth and cultural exchange, it is imperative to recognize the unique challenges faced by international students, particularly in the realm of mental health. Adjustment to a new academic and cultural environment can significantly impact the psychological well-being of international students. The study Investigated the significance of positive mental health among international students in Gujarat. state, India concerning gender (male, Female) and religion (Christian, Muslim). Positive mental health encompasses self-acceptance, ego strength, and Philosophy of life. Data was collected from 142 international students studying in Gujarat State through Agashe’s Positive Mental Health Inventory (PMHI) psychometric tool. The data was statistically analyzed through a 2×2 factorial ANOVA F test with a significance level of 0.05 in find significant differences in positive mental health among international students. The findings show that there is no significant difference between groups based on gender (Male, Female) religion (Christian and Muslim), and their interaction, as the P-values are all greater than the 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: The findings revealed that the difference in gender and sex can’t be a determinant of the Mental health status of international students.
A relação da pandemia da Covid-19 com o agravo à saúde em portadores de Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo e o surgimento de novos casos
Authors: Batista Maria Vitoria da Silva , Alexandre Jéssica Rabelo Bandeira , Guedes Maria Luíza Leal Silveira , Rodriguez Ana Luísa Dias , Andrade Pedro Paulo de Deus , Barbosa João de Sousa Pinheiro
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Entender o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde mental dos indivíduos com foco no desenvolvimento e no agravo do Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo (TOC). Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa na qual foi utilizado um corte temporal de cinco anos, de agosto de 2024 a 2019. Resultados: Notou-se a piora de comportamentos compulsivos e o aumento de pensamentos intrusivos e irracionais em decorrência do isolamento, da intensificação de rituais de limpeza e do estresse relacionado ao medo de contrair o SARS-CoV-2. Além disso, foi observado o surgimento de novas dimensões de obsessões e compulsões associadas aos níveis de ansiedade desses pacientes com relação a intensidade do medo de contrair a doença. Considerações finais: Pode se considerar que os indivíduos foram gravemente impactados pelo stress, incerteza e medo desencadeados pela interrupção da normalidade, de modo que o desenvolvimento de transtornos de ansiedade, como o transtorno obsessivo compulsivo (TOC), foram potencializados, sendo fundamental manter o acompanhamento psicológico, oferecendo de modo proativo apoio aos grupos vulneráveis por meio de estratégias alternativas, como a telemedicina e a terapia online.
Avanços na reabilitação oral com prótese total utilizando tecnologia digital CAD-CAM
Authors: Sousa Gustavo Rodrigues , De Mesquita Vandré Taumaturgo , Junior Arnaldo De França Caldas
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Analisar o uso de resinas acrílicas na reabilitação oral por meio de próteses removíveis totais, comparando métodos convencionais e sistemas CAD-CAM. Revisão bibliográfica: A introdução de tecnologias digitais como CAD-CAM está substituindo os métodos tradicionais, oferecendo processos mais rápidos e eficientes. As resinas acrílicas processadas por meio de técnicas CAD-CAM demonstram superioridade em precisão, resistência e biocompatibilidade, além de reduzir tempo clínico e aumentar a satisfação do paciente. Considerações finais: As resinas acrílicas produzidas por técnicas digitais mostram desempenho clínico superior em adaptação, resistência e satisfação do paciente. A tecnologia CAD-CAM melhora a precisão e a eficiência do processo de fabricação e reduz o risco de reações adversas devido à menor quantidade de monômero residual. Embora os métodos convencionais ainda sejam valorizados por sua estética e funcionalidade, a combinação de técnicas tradicionais com inovações digitais pode proporcionar o equilíbrio ideal na reabilitação oral, assegurando melhores resultados clínicos e qualidade de vida para os pacientes.
Diverticulite complicada com fistula reto vaginal
Authors: Oliveira Beatriz Rocha de , Carvalhêdo Isabela Moreira Gomides Sardinha , Silva Gabriel Arruda , Pereira Adriana Vieira , Palhares Julia Batista Alves Martinez , Vidal Olegario Indemburgo Silva Rocha
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Relatar a evolução de um caso de diverticulite complicada com fístula reto vaginal e vesical corrigida por cirurgia de Hartmann. Detalhamento do caso: O diagnóstico se deu após história da doença atual e exame físico sobre o quadro de dor abdominal crônica reagudizada e exames complementares à investigação clínica (enema opaco, tomografia de abdômen, retossigmoidoscopia e ressonância magnética do abdome). O plano terapêutico consistia em limpeza mecânica do cólon com Manitol com retossigmoidectomia com anastomose primária do cólon com o reto, porém tal procedimento foi impossibilitado devido à obstrução intestinal e impossibilidade de limpeza mecânica do cólon. Sendo assim, foi realizado a retossigmoidectomia pela técnica de Hartmann. A peça cirúrgica retirada na operação foi enviada para estudo anatomopatológico para confirmação diagnóstica clínica e diagnóstico diferencial (tendo como principal causa o tumor de colón sigmoide). O resultado histopatológico evidenciou um quadro de diverticulite crônica reagudizada com linfadenite granulomatosa em sete linfonodos, sem evidência de processo neoplásico. Considerações finais: O relato de caso descrito apontou a consolidação de um diagnóstico de diverticulite complicada com fístula reto vaginal, a partir do estudo clínico e laboratorial, e como o plano terapêutico sofreu alteração em virtude das condições observadas durante a laparotomia exploradora.
Primary intradural extramedullary Ewing sarcoma: Review of literature and update for a standard protocol
Authors: Da Rin Vidal Tommaso , Morello Alberto , Impalà Giorgia Andrea , Meyer Anna , Lanotte Michele Maria , Bertero Luca , Garbossa Diego , Cofano Fabio
Published: February 2025

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare, undifferentiated, and malignant mesenchymal tumor primarily affecting children and young adults. It typically presents as a lytic bone lesion located in the diaphysis of long bones or the flat bones of the pelvis, with the most common sites of metastasis being the lungs, skeletal system, and bone marrow. Primary intradural extramedullary Ewing sarcoma (IEES) is extremely rare, and its clinical presentation often overlaps with that of other spinal tumors, which can complicate diagnosis and treatment. We report a case of a young male patient, who was admitted with primary intradural extramedullary ES in the lumbar region. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large intradural, extramedullary mass extending from L2 to L5, with moderate contrast enhancement, initially suggesting a diagnosis of ependymoma. Consequently, the patient underwent an L2–L5 laminotomy with partial resection of the tumor. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the diagnosis of IEES. After a multidisciplinary collegial evaluation of the case, the patient underwent adjuvant treatment with systemic chemotherapy. IEES is a rare condition, but it still merits consideration as a differential diagnosis of spinal tumors. Despite advances in treatment modalities, the literature review underscores the risk of local recurrence and distant metastasis, drawing attention to the importance of ideally pursuing radical surgery and effective oncologic treatment.
A Prospective Analysis of Assault Patients at a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Khan Najeba , Sangamesh B.T , H.M Abhijith
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Assault is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among young adults, resulting in the loss of productive lives. Violence affects the victim psychologically and financially. The economic cost includes not only missed wages and productivity but also expenses for medical care and legal counsel. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the assault cases critically.

Material and Methods

A prospective observational analytical study was conducted in a tertiary care medical college hospital between December 2022 and November 2023. All the eligible subjects of the data period were employed to recruit the study subject from the surgical department. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic details and clinical details and a thorough medical examination was done for all study subjects.

Results

A total of 281 study subjects were recruited into the study. Which majority was females (65.1%), and agriculture (48%) was the major occupation among the study subjects. The mean age of the study subjects was 28 ± 5.6 years. Most of the injuries were simple types of injuries (81.8%), and the most common weapon used was a non-metallic substance (54.4%). The time when the assault happened, and the type of weapon used were significantly associated with the type of injuries caused.

Conclusion

It is recommended that educational initiatives and psycho-social counselling be used to reduce the incidence of violence, especially among young adults.
A Synchronous Disaster: A Rare Case of Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Jejunal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Anandan Prem Kumar , Fathima Nishath , Ravi S.
Published: February 2025

A 65-year-old male patient presented with a jejunal perforation, and was previously diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil with metastasis to the left cervical lymph node two months prior. Upon evaluation of the jejunal perforation, histopathological examination of the edge biopsy specimen revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the jejunum. This case highlights the rare occurrence of synchronous primary malignancies, specifically squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil and adenocarcinoma of the jejunum. The simultaneous presence of multiple primary malignant tumors in different organ sites presents unique challenges for diagnosis and management, underscoring the importance of thorough investigation and monitoring in such complex cases.
Motor cortex stimulation for phantom limb pain treatment
Authors: Fagundes Walter , Lobo Kaike , Rajab Numa , Reyns Nicolas , Laureau Emmanuelle , Blond Serge
Published: February 2025

Background:

Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a chronic neuropathic pain syndrome experienced by individuals following limb amputation. Despite the use of various pharmacological treatments, including opioids, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants, effective pain relief remains challenging for many patients. Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) has emerged as a promising alternative for managing PLP.

Methods:

We present the management of three patients with chronic, refractory PLP who underwent epidural MCS at Lille University Hospital Center. The quadripolar electrode lead was implanted into the epidural space under local anesthesia. Stereotactic angiography was used to determine the target coordinates, and the optimal location was confirmed with the guidance of a three-dimensional brain magnetic resonance imaging reconstruction and neurophysiological testing. Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline and at the end of the follow-up period, which had a mean duration of 7 ± 2.16 months.

Results:

Two of the three patients experienced a decrease in pain by 50%, and one had a 44.4% reduction. The average preoperative VAS score significantly decreased from 7.0 ± 1.73 to 3.67 ± 1.15 at the final follow-up (P = 0.00985). All patients reported a reduction in analgesic medication intake, and no major complications occurred.

Conclusion:

PLP is one of the most challenging conditions to treat. MCS is an adjustable and reversible technique that appears to be effective in treating patients with this chronic pain syndrome refractory to other treatment modalities.
Neuroschistosomiasis presenting as recurrent seizures: A case report
Authors: Bansal Anushree , Albano Joselv Eullaran , Jayakumar Dheeraj
Published: February 2025

Background:

Cerebral pseudotumoral schistosomiasis is an uncommon and underreported condition, posing significant diagnostic challenges due to its ability to mimic other neurological conditions, especially in patients presenting with persistent seizures and imaging findings indicative of an infectious etiology.

Case Description:

We report the case of a 16-year-old male who presented with persistent headaches and recurrent seizures despite adherence to antiseizure medications. Neuroimaging findings suggested an infectious process but were inconclusive in differentiating between a tuberculoma and cerebral schistosomiasis. Given the differing therapeutic approaches required for these conditions, a definitive diagnosis was pursued through a brain tissue biopsy, which confirmed cerebral schistosomiasis. This diagnosis guided appropriate treatment, leading to clinical improvement.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the critical role of biopsy in establishing a definitive diagnosis when imaging results are inconclusive and suggests the importance of exploring the use of adjunct diagnostic methods like magnetic resonance spectroscopy, hence decreasing or potentially eliminating the need for an open biopsy.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ АЛГОРИТМА ЛЕВЕНБЕРГА–МАРКВАРДТА ДЛЯ РЕШЕНИЯ ЗАДАЧ СОВМЕЩЕНИЯ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЙ
Authors: Роженцов А.А. , Баев А.А. , Ахмеров А.В.
Published: February 2025

На основе алгоритма ЛевенбергаМарквардта решены задачи совмещения трёхмерных точечных полей. Рассмотрены особенности реализации алгоритма с учётом требуемых преобразований систем координат в трёхмерном пространстве. Представлены примеры совмещения изображений.

Introduction. A lot of applications that deal with processing 3D images requires solving the problem of superimposing 3D point clouds to detect, recognize, estimate the parameters of 3D objects. For instance, such applications include navigation systems, medical systems associated with the reconstruction of fragments of damaged organs, augmented reality systems and so on. Currently, there are a number of approaches to superimposing 3D point clouds. For this reason, the aim of the research is to solve the problem of developing a universal algorithm for superimposing 3D point clouds that does not require the use of timeconsuming procedures for preliminary data processing. Studies focused on solving the problem with the use of the LevenbergMarquardt algorithm. Results. The paper discusses the features of the implementation of the LevenbergMarquardt algorithm for solving the image superimposing problems. We proposed a modification of the algorithm for superimposing 3D point clouds based on the transformation of coordinate systems for experimental images. The efficiency of the algorithm was experimentally verified. There is also presented a possibility of superimposing 3D unordered point clouds with a different number of samples for signaltonoise ratio over 6.
МОДЕЛЬ ПРОСТРАНСТВА СОСТОЯНИЙ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПРИГОДНОСТИ ОПЕРАТОРА
Authors: Стешина Л.А. , Глазырин А.Е. , Петухов И.В.
Published: February 2025

Предложенная модель пространства состояний профессиональной пригодности оператора позволяет в общем виде спрогнозировать эффективность эргатической системы управления через метрики эффективности оператора, состоящие из нечётких множеств. Модель может быть использована в качестве предопределённого вектора параметров состояния оператора для формирования обратной связи при реализации обучающих систем с индивидуализацией трека обучения. Полученные результаты открывают перспективы в части интеллектуализации сложных компьютерных интерактивных систем, позволяют расширить теоретические представления в области человекомашинного взаимодействия. Данная работа может представлять интерес для специалистов в области человекомашинного взаимодействия, эргатических систем управления и обучающих и тренажёрных систем.

The necessity of intensification of training through the individual learning scenario rose the urgency of the research. The current approach to developing static scenarios or professional training doesnt consider individual psychophysiological features that may have both temporal manifestation and depend on the operator competence. The aim of the research is to develop a model of a dynamic learning environment space for operator professional training. Findings. It was shown that the individualization of training can be achieved through the feedback from the learning environment. In other words, through the effectiveness of individual operator actions or analysis of the current professional level of the operator. We proposed to develop an individual training track through the adaptability of the learning environment, which can affect individual professional qualities and foster a point impact on the certain levels of training and mastering professional technological actions that are currently topical. The input parameter is the operators performance in the learning environment, and the output parameter is the environment response to the operators actions, that allows to implement a feedback loop. Input and output parameters can be expressed in terms of fuzzy variables due to the inaccuracy in the description of the learning environment and operator performance indicators. The fuzzy condition in this case satisfies the following limitation: a change in the performance of operator actions will be reflected in the reaction of the learning environment through the intensity of the operator work. Conclusions. The research outcomes open new perspectives in the intellectualization of complex computer interactive systems and allow to broaden theoretical concepts in the manmachine interaction. This work seems rather promising to the experts in manmachine interaction, ergatic control systems and training systems.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ КЛЕТОЧНОГО АВТОМАТА
Authors: Гончаровский О.В. , Тюрин С.Ф.
Published: February 2025

Рассмотрены вопросы моделирования клеточных автоматов. Предложен режим масштабирования функций переходов. Разработана программа на языке СИ с настройкой функций. Выполнено тестирование для автоматов, размерность таблицы переходов которых равна 64*64. Рассмотрены примеры реализации функций переходов для одномерного и двумерного автоматов.

Paper addresses to the studies of cellular automata proposed in the 40s of the XX century, literally immediately after the formation of the scientific direction “Automata” in the 30s. It was a kind of “multi-dimensional” extension of the “point” model of a finite automaton. The extension of combinatorial structures can be considered as an alternative that led to the development of block diagrams (block design), moreover, the automaton is also a combinatorial structure in some way, but rather dynamic than static, like block diagrams. The mathematical model of the cellular automaton turned out to be in demand for describing the interaction of neurons in the neural network, which can also be considered as an extension of the cellular automaton, where training mode is introduced. That is actually a double dynamic (interaction + training), which has been successfully applied in recent years in the field of machine learning. Another cutting-edge area is quantum computing. It turned out that the quantum computing model based on cellular automaton has no alternative at the nano-level. Therefore, the modeling of cellular automata is topical. The aim of the research. Development and testing of a program for modeling cellular automata. Methods. Theory of finite automata, software implementation of automata with the use of C programming. Results. A program that implements cellular automata with the possibility of changing the transition functions was developed with the use of C programming language. There are presented the examples of the functioning of a one-dimensional and two-dimensional automaton. The developed program can be used for research into the cellular automata as well as in the educational process.
РАЗРАБОТКА АЛГОРИТМА БЫСТРОГО ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ФУРЬЕ В СИСТЕМЕ СЧИСЛЕНИЯ В ОСТАТОЧНЫХ КЛАССАХ ДЛЯ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ НА ПРОГРАММИРУЕМЫХ ЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫХ СХЕМАХ
Authors: Чумычкин В.А. , Галанина Н.А.
Published: February 2025

Рассматривается проблема реализации алгоритма быстрого преобразования Фурье в системесчисления в остаточных классах. Представлены результаты исследования алгоритма, позволяющие получить наибольшее быстродействие при уменьшении аппаратных затрат на современных программируемых логических интегральных схемах. Разработан программный комплекс для подготовки конфигурационных данных для реализации на программируемых логических интегральных схемах.

Introduction. There is considered the problem of implementing the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm in the number system in residual classes (RNS). The use of RNS allows to significantly increase the speed of digital signal processing algorithms by performing parallel calculations. However, to implement the FFT algorithm in the RNS, it is necessary to solve the problem of the rapid growth of the bit depth of the output parameter at each stage of the calculation of the basic operation "butterfly" when using integer calculations. To solve this problem, two approaches are proposed. The first one is to reduce the number of consecutive multiplication operations, and the second one is to scale the intermediate results. The aim of the research is to develop algorithms and methods for implementation FFT in RNS on FPGA. Research method.Performing scaling of intermediate results in the RNS is a non-modular operation, which requires significant hardware costs. The optimal scaling algorithm is implemented with the selection of the scaling factor K that is equal to the one of the modules or the product of several modules of the RNS. To reduce the number of calculation steps, the method of interval estimates is used. In comparison with the standard scaling algorithm, an algorithm for evaluating the sign of the result and the correlation of calculations for negative numbers was added at the last stage. Conclusions. There are presented the results of a study of the implementation of the FFT algorithm in RNS, which allows to obtain the highest speed while reducing hardware costs on state-of-the-art programmable logic integrated circuits (FPGAs). A software package has been developed for the preparation of configuration data for implementation on FPGAs, which significantly simplifies the development of high-speed digital spectrum analysis devices in real time. The software package is integrated with the calculation of the total error to assess the impact of the normalization of the turning factors and the choice of the scaling factor based on the comparison of calculations in the positional number system and RNS.
Конструктивный синтез слабонаправленной антенны, выполненной с использованием метаматериала
Authors: Седельников Ю.Е. , Тутьяров Н.А. , Романов А.Г.
Published: February 2025

Рассматривается метод усовершенствования слабонаправленной антенны с добавлением специальной конструкции пассивных элементов, не меняющих её основную конструкцию и служащих лишь дополнением к антенне. Использование метаматериалов является простым и эффективным для получения заданной формы диаграммы направленности. Согласно полученным данным, требуется лишь подобрать форму, размеры и правильное расположение вставки метаматериала вблизи излучателя. Предлагаемый подход может быть полезным при построении слабонаправленных антенн, оптимизированных излучателей апертурных антенн и антенн-датчиков систем ближнепольных измерений параметров антенн.

Introduction. Recently, the focus has moved towards antennas and microwave devices designed with the use of metamaterials. Due to their specific properties (negative dielectric and magnetic permeability), it is possible to improve characteristics, in particular, related to correction of the radiation pattern. The aim of the research was to review approaches for the constructive synthesis of antennas that have fragments made of a material with a negative dielectric or magnetic permeability to ensure a certain radiation pattern. Findings. The method of designing weakly directional antennas with the use of metamaterial fragments is an effective and simple way to ensure the required characteristics. The outcomes of the analysis showed that the use of metamaterials allows one to form the certain radiation pattern of a weakly directional antenna. The main advantage is that there is no need to change the design of the emitter, but according to the studied approach, it is required to correctly select the parameters of the metamaterial fragment and install it in the right place. The simplicity of production of metamaterials and their low cost make the approach to designing a weakly directional antenna with a metamaterial fragment affordable for different practical applications. Conclusion.The proposed approach can be used to design weakly directional antennas, including optimized emitters of aperture antennas, antenna sensors of near-field measurement systems, as well as antennas of moving objects with improved directivity.
Антенна-аппликатор для раннего выявления врождённых или приобретённых аномалий тканей головного мозга
Authors: Седельников Ю.Е. , Садыков А.Р. , Скачков В.А.
Published: February 2025

Статья посвящена разработке антенны-аппликатора для медицинской диагностики, основанной на принципе регистрации присущего тканям человеческого организма радиоизлучения на примере работы с серым веществом мозга. Проведён оценочный анализ преимуществ предложенного варианта антенны в сравнении с уже существующими. Изготовлен и проверен предложенный вариант антенны-аппликатора.

Introduction. Radiothermography is a promising diagnostic tool in medicine. It operates based on the principle of detecting radio emissions from human body tissues. Changes in their physiological properties result in alterations of both the absolute temperature and electrophysical properties of the screening area, which can cause deviation from the normal noise temperature. These changes are captured by radiothermography. The method enables a non-invasive and safe screening of the entire body, as it does not utilize active radiation. The tasks that it solves are highly relevant and crucial, as early diagnosis of the body enables the formulation of recommendations for maintaining patient health, detecting congenital or acquired injuries in the structure and function of organs and systems, determining the degree of their impact on the patient's life, and developing recommendations for preventing progression of a possible disease or minimizing its consequences. The objective of this research is to design and develop an antenna-applicator that meets specific requirements. The proposed approachin the development of this antenna-sensor is novel compared to existing alternatives and has the benefit of reducing the form factor of the sensor while increasing its sensitivity in radiothermography. The smaller size of the sensor opens up the possibility of using antenna arrays, which can enhance the product's resolution. The measurement of human radiation in the microwave range enables detection of temperature anomalies to a depth of several centimeters. The practical signilicance. The authors have developed the antenna-sensor, which boasts reduced dimensions as its main advantage. The performance of this version of the antenna has been confirmed through electrodynamic modeling and experimental results.
Способ повышения пропускной способности радиотехнической системы с последовательной передачей информации в узкополосных КВ-каналах связи на базе теории разрешающего времени
Authors: Лернер И.М.
Published: February 2025

В работе представлен концепт фазовой радиотехнической системы с последовательной передачей информации для ионосферных среднеширотных декаметровых каналов связи, в которой адаптивное управление режимами работы достигается за счёт использования теории разрешающего времени. На основании проведённого в работе численного моделирования с помощью ранее разработанного программного обеспечения, реализующего элементы теории разрешающего времени, определены требования к её ключевым подсистемам по вычислительной производительности. Разработаны временные структуры, представленные в виде диаграмм, которые доказывают возможность её практической реализации с использованием отечественной элементной базы. Указаны системные критерии, предъявляемые к каждой из её подсистем. Ключевые слова: теория разрешающего времени; последовательная передача информации; фазовые РСПИ ППИ; временные структуры; функциональная схема

Introduction.Currently, one perspective approach to solve the problem with capacity increasing is utilizing of adaptive control of operating modes ReDTS. In this paper algorithms of the theory of resolution time (TRT) are used to develop the concept of such system for serial data transmission through HF narrowband channel (3-12 kHz bandwidth). To accomplish the goal the following tasks were solved: 1) creating a functional diagram of the phase radio engineering system with serial data transmission, 2) formulating the necessary technologies and technical solutions for implementing its key components. The solution of these problems was carried out by simulating in Matlab environment with the use of previously developed author's software and widely used software tests. Results: 1) a new functional diagram of a serial ReDTS, based on TRT, is developed for mid-latitude narrowband HF channel. The main requirements for its subsystems are determined; 2) average calculation time per one signal constellation is estimated which demonstrate that these algorithms can be executed in real-time; 3) the requirements for utilizing TRT algorithms on Elbrus architecture are formulated; 4) Time schedules for the operation of the proposed ReDTS have been developed.