bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Situ Techniques for Developing Robust Li–S Batteries
Authors: Li Ming , Amirzadeh Zhila , De Marco Roland , Tan Xin Fu , Whittaker Andrew , Huang Xia , Wepf Roger , Knibbe Ruth
Published: August 2018

Rechargeable lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are of great interest in the field of energy storage due to their favorable operational characteristics, for example, high theoretical energy density and low cost. However, LSBs are limited by long‐term degradation, caused by the dissolution of intermediate lithium polysulfide phases. Further improvement of LSBs requires an in‐depth understanding of the underlying redox reactions and active‐material degradation mechanisms. Advanced characterization techniques, especially in situ/in operando characterization tools, are used and developed in the field of LSBs to probe the rate‐limiting performance and design characteristics of functional materials. Here, common in situ/in operando techniques are reviewed with regard to recent research significance and practical limitations, with the aim of providing a comprehensive treatise on in situ characterization technique selection for LSBs, thereby allowing their future development and improvement.
P2X7 Receptors Regulate Phagocytosis and Proliferation in Adult Hippocampal and SVZ Neural Progenitor Cells: Implications for Inflammation in Neurogenesis
Authors: Leeson Hannah C. , Kasherman Maria A. , Chan-Ling Tailoi , Lovelace Michael D. , Brownlie Jeremy C. , Toppinen Kelly M. , Gu Ben J. , Weible Michael W.
Published: August 2018

Identifying the signaling mechanisms that regulate adult neurogenesis is essential to understanding how the brain may respond to neuro-inflammatory events. P2X7 receptors can regulate pro-inflammatory responses, and in addition to their role as cation channels they can trigger cell death and mediate phagocytosis. How P2X7 receptors may regulate adult neurogenesis is currently unclear. Here, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from adult murine hippocampal subgranular (SGZ) and cerebral subventricular (SVZ) zones were utilized to characterize the roles of P2X7 in adult neurogenesis, and assess the effects of high extracellular ATP, characteristic of inflammation, on NPCs. Immunocytochemistry found NPCs in vivo and in vitro expressed P2X7, and the activity of P2X7 in culture was demonstrated using calcium influx and pore formation assays. Live cell and confocal microscopy, in conjunction with flow cytometry, revealed P2X7+ NPCs were able to phagocytose fluorescent beads, and this was inhibited by ATP, indicative of P2X7 involvement. Furthermore, P2X7 receptors were activated with ATP or BzATP, and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) used to observe a dose-dependent decrease in NPC proliferation. A role for P2X7 in decreased NPC proliferation was confirmed using chemical inhibition and NPCs from P2X7−/− mice. Together, these data present three distinct roles for P2X7 during adult neurogenesis, depending on extracellular ATP concentrations: (a) P2X7 receptors can form transmembrane pores leading to cell death, (b) P2X7 receptors can regulate rates of proliferation, likely via calcium signaling, and (c) P2X7 can function as scavenger receptors in the absence of ATP, allowing NPCs to phagocytose apoptotic NPCs during neurogenesis.
“Listen to Them and Give Them a King”: Self-Determination, Democracy, and the Proportionality Principle
Authors: Campagna Giordana , Fasel Raffael N.
Published: August 2018

Is a right to democracy compatible with the right to self-determination? According to some, the two rights are incompatible because a right to democracy would prevent a people from choosing not to live in a democracy. As a result, these Incompatibilists argue, there can be no right to democracy. We argue that the Incompatibilists are right in that the two rights can indeed conflict. They are wrong, however, in that such conflicts do not preclude the mutual existence of both rights. To show why, we distinguish between two elements of self-determination and argue that the right to self-determination and the right to democracy each protect a different element. Arguing that both rights are best understood as principles that can be balanced using the proportionality principle, we reveal how, depending on the concrete circumstances, one right can outweigh the other without ceasing to exist, and thereby prove the Incompatibilists wrong.
Exclusionary Reasons, Virtuous Motivation, and Legal Authority
Authors: Jordan Andrew
Published: August 2018

In this essay, I argue that the role for exclusionary reasons in a sound account of practical rationality is, at most, much more circumscribed than proponents of exclusionary reasons might suppose. Specifically, I argue that an attractive account of moral motivation is in tension with the idea that moral reasons can be excluded. Limiting ourselves to the tools of first order moral reasons—including such relations as outweighing, and disabling—allows us to preserve a more attractive account of the relationship between what there is strongest reason to do, what one is motivated to do, and that for which one is praiseworthy or blameworthy. In closing, I argue that we can capture the normativity associated with legal decision-making using only the resources of the first-order model.
THE GUNPOWDER AGE: CHINA, MILITARY INNOVATION, AND THE RISE OF THE WEST IN WORLD HISTORY
Authors: Hoffman Philip , Inkster Ian , Morillo Stephen , Parrott David , Pomeranz Kenneth
Published: August 2018

Tonio Andrade'sThe Gunpowder Ageis a big book. It spans roughly 800 years, in both China and Europe. Its boldest claims concern China, but Andrade delves into European history as well, making it a challenge for any one scholar to assess his evidence and arguments. Because China specialists would want to know how historians specializing in European warfare and in Western science and technology evaluate Andrade's challenges to received wisdom, theJournal of Chinese History’s editor and editorial board invited historians outside the China field to contribute to a joint review. We succeeded in recruiting a distinguished panel, all of whom have written extensively on these issues: David Parrott, author of such books asThe Business of War: Military Enterprise and Military Revolution in Early Modern Europe; Philip Hoffman, author most recently ofWhy Did Europe Conquer the World?; Stephen Morillo, author ofWar in World History, among other books; and Ian Inkster, author ofScience and Technology in History: An Approach to Industrial Development, among other books. This introduction provides an overview of the discussion so far, and a few additional observations from a historian who has also tried his hand at Sino-European comparisons.
COMPLAINING ABOUT LIVED SPACES: RESPONSES TO THE URBAN LIVING ENVIRONMENT OF NORTHERN SONG KAIFENG
Authors: Tsui Lik Hang
Published: August 2018

This article explores the understudied issue of urban problems in pre-modern China and examines the responses to the negative impact of urban development on life in the populous city of Kaifeng in the Northern Song (960–1127). Although writers, painters, and historians have portrayed the capital city's splendor for centuries, various urban problems emerged as medieval China became a more urbanized society. This article investigates Ouyang Xiu's (1007–1072) accounts of how extreme weather conditions adversely affected the lives of Kaifeng residents. These experiences, which he discussed in letters and poems, are associated with longer trends that result in climatic anomalies and disasters in the city. Ouyang Xiu also complained about living costs and medical services in Kaifeng. These reflect the difficulties in maintaining good urban provisions and services in a city of this scale.
Holy Fabrications: The Catacomb Saints and the Counter-Reformation in Bavaria
Authors: Johnson Trevor
Published: August 2018

True to its catholicity, the Counter-Reformation was in spirit a universal movement. The new universalism of the post-Tridentine Church produced greater centralisation, enhancing the authority of the papacy, and was reflected in the attempted imposition throughout the Catholic world of institutional uniformity and liturgical, cultic and devotional standardisation. In practice, however, the Counter-Reformation must also be seen as a local phenomenon, not only in the obvious sense that it was within their immediate locality that early modern Catholics were exposed to the new impulses originating at Rome, but also in the sense that such impulses were filtered through a prism of localism. Throughout the Catholic world, individual communities sought to preserve their traditional, home-grown institutions and customs, often by imaginatively adapting the new norms to suit local requirements. The existence of a complex relationship between centre and periphery, resting on a process of often tense negotiation and cultural exchange (since it could be a dynamic and not simply a one-way affair) has provided recent historians of Catholic reform with a fresh conceptual polarity, that of local versus universal, to set alongside the more standard dichotomies of popular and elite, official and unofficial or learned and lay religion.
Intranasal Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis
Authors: Siupsinskiene N , Katutiene I , Jonikiene V , Janciauskas D , Vaitkus S
Published: August 2018

Objective

To determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in nasal biopsy specimens from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis versus control patients, and to assess the correlations between H pylori infection identified in the nasal tissue and patients’ sociodemographic data and reflux-related symptoms and signs.

Methods

Nasal biopsy samples were taken from 75 adult patients who underwent nasal surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis (clinical group, n = 45) and a deviated septum (control group, n = 30). H pylori infection was identified using histochemical and rapid urease tests.

Results

The prevalence of intranasal H pylori infection was significantly higher in the clinical group (28.9 per cent) compared to the control group (3.3 per cent) (p = 0.005). A significant yet weak association was found between positive H pylori status and laryngopharyngeal reflux related hypertrophy of the posterior commissure of the larynx. No other correlations reached statistical significance.

Conclusion

H pylori infection is potentially related to chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis. Further research is needed to clarify the role of H pylori as a risk factor for the development of sinonasal diseases and to examine its link with laryngopharyngeal reflux.
ON THE TIME-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR OF A MARKOVIAN REENTRANT-LINE MODEL
Authors: Fralix Brian
Published: August 2018

We use the random-product technique from [5] to study both the steady-state and time-dependent behavior of a Markovian reentrant-line model, which is a generalization of the preemptive reentrant-line model studied in the work of Adan and Weiss [2]. Our results/observations yield additional insight into why the stationary distribution of the reentrant-line model from [2] exhibits an almost-geometric product-form structure: indeed, our generalized reentrant-line model, when stable, admits a stationary distribution with a similar product-form representation as well. Not only that, the Laplace transforms of the transition functions of our reentrant-line model also have a product-form structure if it is further assumed that both Buffers 2 and 3 are empty at time zero.
Bounding the Number of Common Zeros of Multivariate Polynomials and Their Consecutive Derivatives
Authors: GEIL O. , MARTÍNEZ-PEÑAS U.
Published: August 2018

We upper-bound the number of common zeros over a finite grid of multivariate polynomials and an arbitrary finite collection of their consecutive Hasse derivatives (in a coordinate-wise sense). To that end, we make use of the tool from Gröbner basis theory known as footprint. Then we establish and prove extensions in this context of a family of well-known results in algebra and combinatorics. These include Alon's combinatorial Nullstellensatz [1], existence and uniqueness of Hermite interpolating polynomials over a grid, estimations of the parameters of evaluation codes with consecutive derivatives [20], and bounds on the number of zeros of a polynomial by DeMillo and Lipton [8], Schwartz [25], Zippel [26, 27] and Alon and Füredi [2]. As an alternative, we also extend the Schwartz-Zippel bound to weighted multiplicities and discuss its connection to our extension of the footprint bound.
Morphology and Ontogeny of Statoliths in the Grooved Carpet Shell, Ruditapes decussatus
Authors: Galante-Oliveira Susana , Pereira António , Baptista Tiago , Guimarães Fernanda , Soares Jorge , Lopes José Carlos , Machado Jorge , Barroso Carlos
Published: August 2018

Statoliths are nonskeletal calcified structures included in most invertebrates’ gravireceptors. They have been identified and characterized in several gastropod and cephalopod molluscs and have proved to be very useful for age estimation, growth studies, and connectivity analysis, among other applications. Beyond the scarce available records on their occurrence in Class Bivalvia, statoliths are yet to be documented in the grooved carpet shell, Ruditapes decussatus, a species of high ecological and commercial value. An easy method for the extraction and processing of R. decussatus statoliths is described herein. The statolith growth was followed from the initial shell length (SL) of 2.5–3.5 mm (seed commercial size T1.5) for a period of 6 months in a nursery facility located in the Ria de Aveiro (an estuarine system in NW Portugal). The relationship between statolith diameter (StD) and SL follows the function StD=14.305 SL0.254 (N=173; r=0.855, p<0.001). All statoliths observed showed similar morphostructure and general chemistry: hard, translucent spheres of crystalline calcium oxalate (whewellite), with a central nucleus delimited by a growth check of 6.7±1.0 µm in diameter, possibly as a result of growth arrest during metamorphosis, a metamorphic ring, as described for their gastropod counterparts. Subsequent studies should validate this and will involve a search for the occurrence of additional checks that may potentially be present in older specimens and if they are, would open a new range of most promising applications for bivalve statoliths.
Development and identification of new syntheticT. turgidum–T. monococcumamphiploids
Authors: Li Hongyu , Liu Xiaojuan , Zhang Minghu , Feng Zhen , Liu Dengcai , Ayliffe Michael , Hao Ming , Ning Shunzong , Yuan Zhongwei , Yan Zehong , Chen Xuejiao , Zhang Lianquan
Published: August 2018

Triticum monococcumssp.monococcumhas useful traits for bread wheat improvement. The synthesis ofTriticum turgidum–T. monococcumamphiploids is an essential step for transferring genes fromT. monococcuminto bread wheat. In this study, 264 wide hybridization combinations were done by crossing 60T. turgidumlines belonging to five subspecies with 83T. monococcumaccessions. Without embryo rescue and hormone treatment, from the 10,810 florets pollinated, 1983 seeds were obtained, with a mean crossability of 18.34% (range 0–89.29%). Many hybrid seeds (90.73%, 923/1017) could germinate and produce plants. A total of 56 new amphiploids (AABBAmAm) were produced by colchicine treatment ofT. turgidum×T. monococcumF1hybrids. The chromosome constitution of amphiploids was characterized by fluorescencein situhybridization using oligonucleotides probes with different chromosome and sub-chromosome specificities. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that theGlu-A1m-b,Glu-A1m-c,Glu-A1m-dandGlu-A1m-hproteins ofT. monococcumwere expressed in some amphiploids. Despite resistance reduction in several cases, 45 out of 56 amphiploids exhibited resistance to the current predominant Chinese stripe rust races at both the seedling and adult plant stage. These novel amphiploids provide new germplasm for the potential improvement of bread wheat quality and stripe rust resistance.
Learning from interactions between the Milky Way and satellite galaxies
Authors: Ogiya Go
Published: August 2018

The Milky Way (MW) is interacting with its satellite galaxies and the tidal remnants of satellite galaxies have been observed especially in the MW halo. Understanding the spatial and velocity distributions of stars stripped from satellite galaxies will be of particular importance when interpreting the data from upcoming observations, such as Gaia, Subaru-HSC and PFS. We study tidal stripping events of satellite galaxies with various internal structures using high resolution N-body simulations. The dynamics of satellite galaxies is dominated by dark matter halos, but their density structure is still uncertain. The simulations reveal satellite galaxies with more tightly bound dark matter halos are more robust against the tidal force of the MW and have longer lifetimes than loosely bound ones (Ogiya et al., in prep.). Density scratches on the MW caused by the gravitational force of satellite galaxies and the observability are also discussed (Ogiya & Burkert 2016).
The surface mass density in the solar neighbourhood using red clumps stars in TGASxRAVE
Authors: Hagen Jorrit H. J. , Helmi Amina
Published: August 2018

We investigate the kinematics of red clump stars in the Solar neighbourhood by combining data from the RAVE survey with the TGAS dataset presented in Gaia DR1. Our goal is to put new constraints on the (local) distribution of mass using the Jeans Equations. Here we show the variation of the vertical velocity dispersion as function of height above the mid-plane for both a thin and a thick disk tracer sample and present preliminary results.
Kinematics of the Milky Way disc from the RAVE survey combined with Gaia DR1
Authors: Robin Annie C. , Bienaymé Olivier , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Reylé Céline
Published: August 2018

Relying on the complementarity of Gaia proper motions with radial velocities of the RAVE survey, we attempt to constrain the kinematics of the Milky Way disc. Based on the population synthesis model, we simulate the observations, applying the detailed selection functions of the observations. The dynamics is described using a global gravitational potential computed from the mass distribution of the population model, approximated by a Stäckel potential (Bienaymé et al. 2015). We explore a set of free parameters (solar motion, age - velocity dispersion of the disc as a function of age, the velocity gradients, vertex deviation) using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. We show that the fitted model reproduces very well the radial velocity and proper motion distributions, allowing to constrain the thin and thick disc secular evolution with time.
Origin of the Galactic Halo: accretion vs. in situ formation
Authors: Spitoni Emanuele , Vincenzo Fiorenzo , Matteucci Francesca , Romano Donatella
Published: August 2018

We test the hypothesis that the classical and ultra-faint dwarf spheroidal satellites of the our Galaxy have been the building blocks of the Galactic halo by comparing their [O/Fe] and [Ba/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] patterns with the ones observed in Galactic halo stars. The [O/Fe] ratio deviates substantially from the observed abundance ratios in the Galactic halo stars for [Fe/H] > -2 dex, while they overlap for lower metallicities. On the other hand, for the neutron capture elements, the discrepancy is extended at all the metallicities, suggesting that the majority of stars in the halo are likely to have been formed in situ. We present the results for a model considering the effects of an enriched gas stripped from dwarf satellites on the chemical evolution of the Galactic halo. We find that the resulting chemical abundances of the halo stars depend on the adopted infall time-scale, and the presence of a threshold in the gas for star formation.
The CORAVEL Radial Velocity Data Base
Authors: Udry Stéphane , Marmier Maxime , Mayor Michel , Andersen Johannes , Nordström Birgitta
Published: August 2018

From 1977 to 1999, thousands of accurate radial velocities in both hemispheres were made on a large variety of programmes with the two CORAVEL scanners. The data base of ~350000 individual observations will now be made available to complement the Gaia data.
Time evolution of the properties of gaps in stellar streams in axisymmetric potentials
Authors: Koppelman Helmer H. , Helmi Amina
Published: August 2018

We present here a model that allows us to predict the properties of gaps in stellar streams, and how these depend on the parameters of the encounters (satellite mass, size and relative velocity). Since the gaps we consider are created by dark matter satellites we hope to use our understanding to constrain the properties of dark matter.
The kinematics of white dwarfs from the SDSS DR12
Authors: García–Berro E. , Skorobogatov G. , Torres S. , Anguiano B. , Rebassa-Mansergas A.
Published: August 2018

We use the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12, which is the largest available white dwarf catalogue to date, to study the evolution of the kinematical properties of the population of white dwarfs of the Galactic disk. We derive masses, ages, photometric distances and radial velocities for all white dwarfs with hydrogen-rich atmospheres. For those stars for which proper motions from the USNO-B1 catalogue are available, the three-dimensional components of the velocity are obtained. This subset of the original sample comprises 20,247 stars, making it the largest sample of white dwarfs with measured three-dimensional velocities. The volume probed by our sample is large, allowing us to obtain relevant kinematical information. In particular, our sample extends from a Galactocentric radial distance RG = 7.8 to 9.3 kpc, and vertical distances from the Galactic plane ranging from Z = +0.5 to –0.5 kpc.
A population synthesis study of the local white dwarf population
Authors: Torres Santiago , Nutten Florian , Skorobogatov Georgy , García-Berro Enrique
Published: August 2018

White dwarfs are natural cosmochronometers, and this allows us to use them to study relevant properties of the Galaxy, such as its age or its star formation rate history. Here we present a population synthesis study of the white dwarf population within 40 pc from the Sun, and compare the results of this study with the properties of the observed sample. We use a state-of-the-art population synthesis code based on Monte Carlo techniques that incorporates the most recent and reliable white dwarf cooling sequences, an accurate description of the Galactic neighborhood, and a realistic treatment of all the known observational biases.
APOGEE Chemical Anomalies discovered everywhere in the Milky Way: Giant stars with GC-like abundance patterns
Authors: Fernández-Trincado J. G.
Published: August 2018

We report the discovery by APOGEE of five mildly metal-poor ([Fe/H] >−1) anomalous giant stars in the halo/disk/bulge Galaxy with abundances of C, N, and Al that are typically found in globular cluster stars (GCs, see e.g. Carretta et al. 2009a; Mészáros et al. 2015; Pancino et al. 2017; Schiavon et al. 2017a; Tang et al. 2017) and in the inner Galaxy (e.g., Schiavon et al. 2017b; Recio-Blanco et al. 2017) simultaneously with atypical abundances of Mg (Mg-poor: [Mg/Fe] < 0) never before seen in Milky Way (MW) GCs, dwarf galaxies (see Hasselquist et al. 2017) neither in MW field stars. Additionally, four new moderately metal-poor ([Fe/H] <−1) anomalous giant stars (i.e., N-rich, Al-rich and C-poor) with trustly GCs second-generation like chemical patterns were identified within the Galactic bulge, halo and disk field.
The barred inner Milky Way: dynamical models from surveys
Authors: Gerhard Ortwin
Published: August 2018

The Milky Way is a barred galaxy whose central bulge has a box/peanut shape and consists of multiple stellar populations with different orbit distributions. This review describes dynamical and chemo-dynamical equilibrium models for the Bulge, Bar, and inner Disk based on recent survey data. Some of the highlighted results include (i) stellar mass determinations for the different Galactic components, (ii) the need for a core in the dark matter distribution, (iii) a revised pattern speed putting corotation at ~6 kpc, (iv) the strongly barred distribution of the metal-rich stars, and (v) the radially varying dynamics of the metal-poor stars which is that of a thick disk-bar outside ~1 kpc, but changes into an inner centrally concentrated component with several possible origins. On-going and future surveys will refine this picture, making the Milky Way a unique case for studying how similar galaxies form and evolve.
The age and abundance structure of the stellar populations in the central sub-kpc of the Milky Way
Authors: Bensby T. , Feltzing S. , Gould A. , Yee J. C. , Johnson J. A. , Asplund M. , Meléndez J. , Lucatello S. , Howes L. M.
Published: August 2018

The four main findings about the age and abundance structure of the Milky Way bulge based on microlensed dwarf and subgiant stars are: (1) a wide metallicity distribution with distinct peaks at [Fe/H] = -1.09, -0.63, -0.20, +0.12, +0.41; (2) a high fraction of intermediate-age to young stars where at [Fe/H] > 0 more than 35 % are younger than 8 Gyr, (3) several episodes of significant star formation in the bulge 3, 6, 8, and 11 Gyr ago; (4) the ‘knee’ in the α-element abundance trends of the sub-solar metallicity bulge appears to be located at a slightly higher [Fe/H] (about 0.05 to 0.1 dex) than in the local thick disk.
Cepheids as Swiss army knives for Milky Way archaeology
Authors: Lemasle B. , Kovtyukh V. , da Silva R. , Mor R. , Bono G. , Figueras F. , François P. , Inno L. , Magurno D. , Matsunaga N. , McWilliam A. , Robin A. C.
Published: August 2018

Cepheids are excellent stellar tracers: they are bright enough to be observed even at large distances; their distances can be accurately determined via period-luminosity relations; their spectra contain numerous lines that enable us to derive abundances for many α, iron-peak or neutron-capture elements. Classical Cepheids are yellow supergiants that trace the young populations (⩽ 300 Myr); Type II Cepheids are post Horizontal Branch, low-mass, Population II stars (⩾ 10 Gyr). Both can be used for many purposes in Milky Way archaeology.
Rediscovering the origins of the stellar halo with chemical tagging
Authors: Martell Sarah L
Published: August 2018

The Galactic halo has a complex assembly history, which can be seen in its wealth of kinematic and chemical substructure. Globular clusters lose stars through tidal interactions with the Galaxy and cluster evaporation processes, meaning that they are inevitably a source of halo stars. These “migrants” from globular clusters can be recognized in the halo field by the characteristic light element abundance anticorrelations that are commonly observed only in globular cluster stars, and the number of halo stars that can be chemically tagged to globular clusters can be used to place limits on the formation pathways of those clusters.
Structure in the Milky Way
Authors: Wenger Trey V. , Balser Dana S. , Anderson L. D. , Bania T. M.
Published: August 2018

The morphological and chemical structure of the Milky Way today is an important constraint on models of the formation and evolution of the Galaxy. We use H ii regions, the sites of recent massive star formation, to probe both the Galactic spiral structure and the Galactic metallicity structure. H ii regions are the brightest objects in the Galaxy at radio wavelengths and are detected across the entire Galactic disk. We derive the distances to H ii regions using parallax measurements or by deriving kinematic distances. Here we summarize ongoing work to assess the accuracy of kinematic distances and to complete the census of Galactic H ii regions in the Southern sky.
Detailed near-IR stellar abundances of red giants in the Inner Bulge and Galactic Center
Authors: Ryde N. , Rich R. M. , Thorsbro B. , Schultheis M. , Fritz T. K. , Origlia L.
Published: August 2018

Owing to their extreme crowding and high and variable extinction, stars in the Galactic Bulge, within ±2° of the Galactic plane, and especially those in the Nuclear Star Cluster, have only rarely been targeted for an analyses of their detailed abundances. There is also some disagreement about the high end of the abundance scale for these stars. It is now possible to obtain high dispersion, high S/N spectra in the infrared K band (~2.0 − 2.4 µm) for these giants; we report our progress at Keck and VLT in using these spectra to infer the composition of this stellar population.
Constraining the Formation and Mass of the Milky Way Halo using Globular Cluster Orbits from HST Proper Motions
Authors: Sohn S. Tony , van der Marel Roeland P. , Deason Alis , Bellini Andrea , Besla Gurtina , Watkins Laura
Published: August 2018

The globular cluster (GC) system of the Milky Way (MW) provides important information on the MW’s present structure and past evolution. Full 3d motions, accessed through proper motions (PMs), are required to calculate accurate orbits of GCs in the MW halo. We present our HST program to create a PM database for 20 halo GCs. We demonstrate how the observed PMs of individual GCs can be used to study their origins, and we also describe how the PM measurements of our entire targets can be used to constrain the anisotropy profile. Finally, we describe how our PM results can be used for Gaia as an external check, and discuss prospects of PM measurements with HST and Gaia in the coming years.
Star formation history and dynamical evolution of the solar neighbourhood
Authors: Just Andreas , Sysoliatina Kseniia
Published: August 2018

We used our detailed analytic local disc model to compare predictions in number counts, colour distribuitons and kinematics with a data set extracted from a combination of TGAS and RAVE catalogues. We find generally a very good agreement with some deviations close to the Galactic plane.
The oldest stars of the bulge: new information on the ancient Galaxy
Authors: Cescutti Gabriele , Chiappini Cristina , Hirschi Raphael
Published: August 2018

Recently the search for the oldest stars have started to focus on the Bulge region. The Galactic bulge hosts extremely old stars, with ages compatible with the ages of the oldest halo stars. The data coming from these recent observations present new chemical signatures and therefore provide complementary constraints to those already found in the halo. So, the study of the oldest bulge stars can improve dramatically the constraints on the nature of first stars and how they polluted the pristine ISM of our Galaxy. We present our first results regarding the light elements (CNO) and the neutron capture elements. Our findings in the oldest bulge stars support the scenario where the first stellar generations have been fast rotators.
Simulations of MW-mass galaxies in the cosmological context
Authors: Scannapieco Cecilia
Published: August 2018

During the last three decades simulations of the formation of galaxies have made fantastic progress, overcoming problems such as the angular momentum catastrophe and producing galaxies that resemble disk-bulge systems similar to those observed. In this work, I discuss such progress focusing on the formation and evolution of disks in galaxies similar to our Milky Way, and on the effects of different feedback processes that affect galaxies through cosmic time.

I also present the results of simulations that use constrained initial conditions of the Local Group, and discuss environmental effects that might play a role in the formation and evolution of our Galaxy.
Galactic Archeology with 4MOST
Authors: Feltzing S. , Bensby T. , Bergemann M. , Chiappini C. , Christlieb N. , Cioni M.-R. , Helmi A. , Irwin M. , Minchev I. , Starkenburg E. , de Jong R.
Published: August 2018

4MOST is a new wide-field, high-multiplex spectroscopic survey facility for the VISTA telescope of ESO. Starting in 2022, 4MOST will deploy 2400 fibres in a 4.1 square degree field-of-view using a positioner based on the tilting spine principle. In this contribution we give an outline of the major science goals we wish to achieve with 4MOST in the area of Galactic Archeology. The 4MOST Galactic Archeology surveys have been designed to address long-standing and far-reaching problems in Galactic science. They are focused on four major themes: 1) Near-field cosmology tests, 2) Chemo-dynamical characterisation of the major Milky Way stellar components, 3) The Galactic Halo and beyond, and 4) Discovery and characterisation of extremely metal-poor stars. In addition to a top-level description of the Galactic surveys we provide information about how the community will be able to join 4MOST via a call for Public Spectroscopic Surveys that ESO will launch.
Stellar Populations of the Outer Milky-Way Halo
Authors: Santiago Baslio , Luque Elmer , Pieres Adriano , Queiroz Anna Bárbara
Published: August 2018

The stellar spheroidal components of the Milky-Way contain the oldest and most metal poor of its stars. Inevitably the processes governing the early stages of Galaxy evolution are imprinted upon them. According to the currently favoured hierarchical bottom-up scenario of galaxy formation, these components, specially the Galactic halo, are the repository of most of the mass built up from accretion events in those early stages. These events are still going on today, as attested by the long stellar streams associated to the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy and several other observed tidal substructure, whose geometry, extent, and kinematics are important constraints to reconstruct the MW gravitational potential and infer its total (visible + dark) mass. In addition, the remaining system of MW satellites is expected to be a fossil record of the much larger population of Galactic building blocks that once existed and got accreted. For all these reasons, it is crucial to unravel as much of this remaining population as possible, as well as the current stellar streams that orbit within the halo. The best bet to achieve this task is to carry out wide, deep, and multi-band photometric surveys that provide homogeneous stellar samples. In this contribution, we summarize the results of several years of work towards detecting and characterizing distant MW stellar systems, star clusters and dwarf spheroidals alike, with an emphasis on the analysis of data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We argue that most of the volume in distance, size and luminosity space, both in the Galaxy and in the Clouds, is still unprobed. We then discuss the perspectives of exploring this outer MW volume using the current surveys, as well as other current and future surveys, such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST).
The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope and Milky Way Science
Authors: Rich R. Michael
Published: August 2018

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) surveys have initially been optimized to omit the inner part of the Milky Way disk/bar from deep and cadence observations. However it is now clear that the LSST will be powerful for Galactic astronomy and may play a crucial role in continuing to extend the Gaia astrometric catalog until a future satellite, either optical or IR, carries on. LSST will provide metallicities and kinematics for the bulge, and will map halo structures to as distant as 450 kpc, nearly half the distance to the Andromeda galaxy. Thanks to the unprecedented calibration effort for its photometric system, and surprisingly good astrometry (transverse velocity measurements of 0.2 mas/yr at r=21; 1 mas/yr at r=24)LSST will provide photometric abundances and distance constraints for a billion or more Milky Way stars to distances of 450 kpc, and kinematics from proper motions to ~100 kpc. Single observation depths reach ~24 in theugrizybands, while depths at end of mission reach ~27. Although halo structures such as streams and dwarf galaxies are initially identified by the RR Lyrae and giants, their structure will be fleshed out by the 100× more abundant dwarfs that will be detected to 100 kpc (single observation) and ~300 kpc by end of mission. More complete mapping of stream structures may constrain the mass distribution of dark matter and perhaps confirm the interaction of dark matter halos and streams. I also describe the Blanco DECam Bulge Survey, a 200 deg2LSST pathfinder survey of the bulge inugrizyusing the Dark Energy Camera on the Blanco 4m telescope. The purpose of this article is to encourage active workers on the Milky Way and Local Volume to participate in the LSST project, in particular to urge that the Galactic Plane receive the same cadence and depth coverage as the rest of the extragalactic sky.
Rediscovering the Galactic outer disk with LAMOST data
Authors: Liu Chao , Xu Yan , Wang Haifeng , Wan Junchen
Published: August 2018

From the derived stellar density profile using LAMOST giant stars, we find that the Galactic disk does not show truncation or break, but smoothly transit to the halo from 19 kpc. The scale length of the outer disk is only 1.6 ± 0.1 kpc, substantially smaller than previous results. This implies that the shapes of the inner and outer disk are different. Meanwhile, the disk flaring is not only found in older populations, but also in younger population. Moreover, the vertical oscillations of the disk are identified in a wide range or R from 8 to 14 kpc. We also find that the velocity dispersion profile as a function of the Galactocentric radius is flat with scale length of 26.3 ± 3.2 kpc. We confirm that the radial velocity profile in outer disk is significantly affected by asymmetric motion. The bar with either a slower or a faster pattern speed can induce the similar radial asymmetric motion.
The ages of (the oldest) stars
Authors: Catelan M.
Published: August 2018

Much progress has been achieved in the age-dating of old stellar systems, and even of individual stars in the field, in the more than sixty years since the evolution of low-mass stars was first correctly described. In this paper, I provide an overview of some of the main methods that have been used in this context, and discuss some of the issues that still affect the determination of accurate ages for the oldest stars.
When do people choose to be informed? Predictors of information-seeking in the choice of primary care provider in Sweden
Authors: Hoffstedt Caroline , Fredriksson Magnus , Lenhoff Håkan , Winblad Ulrika
Published: August 2018

Improving the ability of patients to make informed choices of health care provider can give providers more incentive to compete based on quality. Still, it is not evident to what extent and when people search for information when choosing a provider. The aim of this study is to identify under what circumstances individuals seek information when choosing a primary care provider. Research to date has mostly focused on individuals’ demographic and socio-economic characteristics and the poor availability of information as barriers to information-seeking and use. Our results highlight the importance of taking individuals’ personal motivations and situational context into account when studying information-seeking behavior. Overall, these results suggest that not even individuals who are likely to search for information since they switched or considered switching primary care provider, do so to any greater extent. However, those motivated to change providers by internal factors such as dissatisfaction or a belief that other providers may provide superior services actively sought out information to a greater extent than those motivated by external factors such as the closure of their current provider, or by moving house. Gender, employment status, place of residence and education level was also significantly associated with information-seeking.
Alliance Formation in a Side-Taking Experiment
Authors: DeScioli Peter , Kimbrough Erik O.
Published: August 2018

We investigate in an economic experiment how people choose sides in disputes. In an eight-player side-taking game, two disputants at a time fight over an indivisible resource and other group members choose sides. The player with more supporters wins the resource, which is worth real money. Conflicts occur spontaneously between any two individuals in the group. Players choose sides by ranking their loyalties to everyone else in the group, and they automatically support the disputant they ranked higher. We manipulate participants’ information about other players’ loyalties and also their ability to communicate with public chat messages. We find that participants spontaneously and quickly formed alliances, and more information about loyalties caused more alliance-building. Without communication, we observe little evidence of bandwagon or egalitarian strategies, but with communication, some groups invented rank rotation schemes to equalize payoffs while choosing the same side to avoid fighting costs.
Dimensions of Psychopathic Traits in a Community	Sample
Authors: Eisenbarth Hedwig , Centifanti Luna C. M.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. There are valid measures of psychopathic traits in youth, such as the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI). However, it is unclear how another self-report measure, which is based on a different conceptualization of psychopathy relates to the YPI in youth and to antisocial behavior. We therefore, compared the construct validity of two measures: the personality-based Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R) and the YPI – based on adult antisocial personality traits. First, both measures showed sufficient model fit and some overlap in their variance, particularly YPI impulsive-irresponsible and grandiose-manipulative factors with PPI-R self-centered impulsivity, as well as YPI callous-unemotional with PPI-R coldheartedness. We found that although overall delinquency was correlated with PPI-R and YPI subscales, only the self-centered impulsivity factor of the PPI-R and only the Impulsive-Irresponsibility domain of the YPI were statistically predictive of self-reported antisocial behavior. Thus, the PPI-R and the YPI both show moderate construct validity and criterion validity for use among young community adults.
Longitudinal Measurement Invariance of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)-18 in Psychotherapy Patients
Authors: von Brachel Ruth , Bieda Angela , Margraf Jürgen , Hirschfeld Gerrit
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)-18 is a widely-used tool to assess changes in general distress in patients despite an ongoing debate about its factorial structure and lack of evidence for longitudinal measurement invariance (LMI). We investigated BSI-18 scores from 1,081 patients from an outpatient clinic collected after the 2nd, 6th, 10th, 18th, and 26th therapy session. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to compare models comprising one, three, and four latent dimensions that were proposed in the literature. LMI was investigated using a series of model comparisons, based on chi-square tests, effect sizes, and changes in comparative fit index (CFI). Psychological distress diminished over the course of therapy. A four-factor structure (depression, somatic symptoms, generalized anxiety, and panic) showed the best fit to the data at all measurement occasions. The series of model comparisons showed that constraining parameters to be equal across time resulted in very small decreases in model fit that did not exceed the cutoff for the assumption of measurement in variance. Our results show that the BSI-18 is best conceptualized as a four-dimensional tool that exhibits strict longitudinal measurement invariance. Clinicians and applied researchers do not have to be concerned about the interpretation of mean differences over time.
Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Explore Pediatric Heart	Transplant Recipients’ Dietary Behavior
Authors: Wray Jo , Orrells Claire , Latch Helen , Burch Michael
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Heart transplantation is the treatment of choice for children with end-stage heart disease. Coronary artery vasculopathy is, however, a significant morbidity and leading cause of late graft loss, and hyperlipidemia a risk factor for its development. Improving diet in this population could have important benefits for patients. We wanted to understand what influences decisions about food intake in this patient group. Dietary intentions and behavior were examined using a questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with 67 children who had undergone heart transplantation at least 12 months previously. The TPB model was significant for both healthy and unhealthy dietary behaviors, explaining 55% and 38% of the variance, respectively. Ten percent of children reported not eating any fruit and/or vegetables in the previous week and only 29% reported eating fruit and/or vegetables every day. The Theory of Planned Behavior provides a framework for explaining some specific dietary behaviors related to individual food groups in children who have undergone heart transplantation. These preliminary data support using this approach to inform the development of interventions to improve fruit and vegetable consumption but the approach may be less useful for explaining and developing interventions to reduce the consumption of unhealthy foods.
Propagation Characteristics of BSISO Indices
Authors: Wang Shuguang , Ma Ding , Sobel Adam H. , Tippett Michael K.
Published: August 2018

The spatial structure and propagation of tropical intraseasonal convection anomalies diagnosed with the outgoing longwave radiation‐based Madden‐Julian Oscillation index are examined in the boreal summer and winter seasons. It is shown that the outgoing longwave radiation‐based Madden‐Julian Oscillation index represents both northward and eastward propagation in summer and eastward propagation in winter in a manner consistent with Madden‐Julian Oscillation and Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation propagation as diagnosed in many previous studies. The outgoing longwave radiation‐based Madden‐Julian Oscillation index and three other widely used indices for tracking the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation are then compared in their lag correlation structure over selected reference areas, cross‐correlation coefficients of the two principal component time series, and time‐dependent phase angle composites. The outgoing longwave radiation anomalies from these different indices propagate differently according to these diagnostics. One of them exhibits little propagation at all, even though one would expect good propagation based on composites of the phases separately. This illustrates the general point that while composites of individual phases, presented in a sequence, are generally taken to imply that the phases tend to occur in that sequence in time, that need not be the case. It is suggested that propagation characteristics are relevant to the application of the indices and that smoother propagation is desirable.