bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of previous cesarean deliveries on severe maternal and adverse perinatal outcomes at a university hospital in Tanzania
Authors: Litorp Helena , Rööst Mattias , Kidanto Hussein L. , Nyström Lennarth , Essén Birgitta
Published: January 2016

Objective

To investigate if multiparous individuals who had undergone a previous cesarean delivery experienced an increased risk of severe maternal outcomes or adverse perinatal outcomes compared with multiparous individuals who had undergone previous vaginal deliveries.

Methods

An analytical cross‐sectional study at a university hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, enrolled multiparous participants of at least 28 weeks of pregnancy between February 1 and June 30, 2012. Data were collected from patients’ medical records and the hospital's obstetric database. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to compare outcomes among patients who had or had not undergone previous cesarean deliveries.

Results

A total of 2478 patients were enrolled. A previous cesarean delivery resulted in no increase in the risk of severe maternal outcomes (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.58–1.26; P = 0.46), and decreased risk of stillbirth (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.29–0.62, P < 0.001), and intrapartum stillbirth and neonatal distress (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38–0.87, P = 0.007).

Conclusion

Previous cesarean delivery was not a risk factor for severe maternal outcomes or adverse perinatal outcomes. The present study was conducted at a referral institution, where individuals with previous cesarean deliveries may constitute a healthy group. Additionally, there could be differences between the study groups in terms of healthcare‐seeking behavior, referral mechanisms, intrapartum monitoring, and clinical decision making.
The visual language of archaeology: a case study of the Neanderthals
Authors: Moser Stephanie
Published: January 2016

Two notable reconstructions of Neanderthal individuals are analysed in this perceptive study of the role of visual reconstructions in archaeological debate. The author concludes that such images are more than popular by-products of academic discussion, and play a crucial role in the construction of archaeological arguments.
The goddess of the Theban mountain
Authors: Donohue V. A.
Published: January 2016

The discovery of a colossal ‘statue group’ in the cliffs at Deir el-Bahri sheds new light on the ways in which pharaonic Egyptians experienced the dynamism of their physical environment, and made appeal to it in validation of royal legitimacy; suggests re-interpretation of the symbolic function of the memorial temple of Queen Hatshepsut; and defines a previously unrecognized tradition in rupestral architecture, spatially distributed from the Arabah to the Sudan.
Radical archaeology and middle-range methodology
Authors: Saitta Dean J.
Published: January 2016

Methodologies for learning about the past are currently at issue within archaeology. This paper considers learning from the standpoint of a ‘radical’ archaeology. One strand of a radical archaeology's approach to learning–a Marxist strand–is discussed, and its main methodological challenge identified. This challenge is the development of middle-range frameworks for recognizing what Binford and others term ‘ambiguity’ – unexpected variation in the archaeological record from which fresh insights about the past can be produced. Concepts and ideas for constructing appropriate middle-ranges for a radical archaeology are discussed.
Middle Preclassic Maya buildings and burials at Cuello, Belize
Authors: Hammond Norman , Clarke Amanda , Belli Francisco Estrada
Published: January 2016

Work in 1992 has significantly added to understanding of this important Maya site in the Middle Formative or Preclassic period (1000–450 BC). The known settled area now extends to 1.62 sq. km. One of the 14 burials was associated with rich grave-goods, suggesting that it was of a leading member of the Cuello community in the 5th century BC.
The Bronze Age of La Mancha
Authors: Martín Concepción , Fernández-Miranda Manuel , Fernández-Posse María Dolores , Gilman Antonio
Published: January 2016

Intensive work in the La Mancha region of Spain has revealed a hitherto unknown density of Bronze Age settlement. It is based on large, permanent, fortified settlements associated with intensive agriculture of modern Mediterranean type. Their sudden abandonment in the mid 2nd millennium BC is interpreted as evidence of the establishment of stronger political control by local rulers.
Theory and ideology in archaeology: Spanish archaeology under the Franco régime
Authors: Díaz-Andreu Margarita
Published: January 2016

Archaeology is notoriously vulnerable to the ideological pressures of authoritarian regimes. This paper charts the political influences that shaped archaeology in Spain for some 40 years. Following the Civil War Spanish archaeologists were isolated from mainstream theoretical evolution, a situation that was exacerbated by the exile of some leading figures. The centralizing authoritarianism of the Franco régime stifled regional autonomy in administration and research, and key archaeological appointments went to committed supporters of the régime.
Green fluorescence from the hair of Lindow Man
Authors: Smith Gerald J.
Published: January 2016

It has been suggested that the bright green fluorescence shown by the hair of Lindow Man II is due to the use of copper-based pigments for body decoration. However, scientific analysis shows that this fluorescence is due to a natural reaction of the hair keratin with acid in the peat in which the body was buried.
The origins of the Andaman Islanders: local myth and archaeological evidence
Authors: Cooper Zarine
Published: January 2016

A place named Wot-a-emi has been associated by the Andaman Islanders with the origins of their ancestors. How does this myth square with archaeological findings?
Public awareness and archaeology: a task for the voluntary sector
Authors: Knoop Riemer
Published: January 2016

Volunteer associations in the field of heritage conservation, and particularly their international platform, the European Forum of Heritage Association, must concentrate on communicating with the general public, to heighten public awareness of the value of the archaeological heritage and the risks of its extinction, more than they have done so far. I will argue for a reinforcement of this lobbyist side of our programme with the help of a number of arguments.
Chickens in Africa: the importance of Qasr Ibrim
Authors: Macdonald Kevin C. , Edwards David N.
Published: January 2016

An articulated hen's skeleton, set under the doorway of a building at the celebrated desiccated site of Qasr Ibrim in Egyptian Nubia, is cause to look again at the flight of chickens into Africa.
Archaeomagnetic studies of the Urartian civilization, eastern Turkey
Authors: Saribudak M. , Tarling D. H.
Published: January 2016

Archaeomagnetic studies in the Lake Van region of eastern Turkey begin to provide a regional magnetic chronology.
A sense of place in Irish prehistory
Authors: Cooney Gabriel
Published: January 2016

Peter Woodman's survey-article in ANTIQUITY, ‘Filling the spaces in Irish prehistory’ (66: 295–314), was developed from his paper to the Prehistoric Society, ‘What's new in Irish prehistory?’ Was it actually new? Did it fill the spaces in the periods of earlier Irish prehistory that ANTIQUITYasked Professor Woodman to address? Gabriel Cooney offers a different perspective on Irish prehistory.
From Roman to medieval Worcester: development and planning in the Anglo-Saxon city
Authors: Baker Nigel , Dalwood Hal , Holt Richard , Mundy Charles , Taylor Gary
Published: January 2016

The modern plan of the west Midlands city of Worcester, like so many in England, hides a series of ancient towns under the standing streets. Archaeological and historical exploration, and the old topography that shows itself in modern plots and street lines, make possible the recovery of the early pattern.
TAG and ‘post-modernism’: a reply to John Bintliff
Authors: Thomas Julian , Tilley Christopher
Published: January 2016

Two organizers of the TAG meeting at Lampeter, December 1991, take issue with Bintliff's view of their intellectual position, starting with the label ‘post-modern’.
The politics of forced Indian labour in La Española 1493–1520
Authors: Pons Frank Moya
Published: January 2016

When Christopher Columbus arrived at La Espanola (the large island called in English Hispaniola, now divided between the modern states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic) in early December 1492, he encountered a society entirely different from the ones described by Marco Polo for Asia and India. Columbus, sailing through the Bahamas and Cuba, had already discovered indios who went about naked, did not know the wheel nor used any metal tools, practised agriculture and fishing, and had a complex social structure and an elaborated system of religious beliefs. These ‘Indians’ called themselves Tainos, to signify that they were peaceful, although they defended themselves well from their neighbouring enemies, the Caribes of the Lesser Antilles islands (Colon 1961; Las Casas 1967)
Native societies and Spanish empire in the 16th-century American Southeast
Authors: Milanich Jerald T.
Published: January 2016

But from what nation did those ancients derive their origin? How numerous were they? How long did they occupy these regions? When, and by what means, were they exterminated? Would they have lost the well known arts, especially agriculture, pottery and salt making – arts so easy to preserve, and so necessary? And to imagine that the whole people became extinct by pestilence, or some other awful catastrophe, is an extravagant hypothesis, not supported by any precedent in the annals of mankind. M. FISKE (1820: 305, 307)
Ecology and cultural syncretism in 16th-century Mesoamerica
Authors: Sanders William T.
Published: January 2016

During the 1930s and 40s most studies of Indian villages in Mesoamerica focussed on acculturation, the adoption and integration of Spanish cultural traits into the native cultural system. This paper summarizes that research, also applying an evolutionary perspective, particularly an ecosystem model. It focusses on the 16th century, when two great cultures – each the product of thousands of years of independent, parallel evolution – clashed and exchanged cultural traits. From this blend began an internal growth that continues to the present.
Weight systems in the Scandinavian Bronze Age
Authors: Malmer Mats P.
Published: January 2016

The current received view is that the economy of the Bronze Age of northern Europe was based on gift exchange rather than trade. This paper, based on a comparative analysis of three groups of Scandinavian bronze and gold artefacts – bronze statuettes of ‘goddesses with necklets’, golden ‘oath rings’ and Fårdrup bronze axes – suggest that there were one or more standard weight systems in use in Bronze Age Scandinavia. The author uses these data to state a case for a trade economy, reminiscent of the Mycenaean world.
Megalithic transport and territorial markers: evidence from the Channel Islands
Authors: Patton Mark
Published: January 2016

Evidence from the Channel Islands supports the view that long-distance transport of megaliths in the European Neolithic cannot be substantiated. Analysis of the stones at La Hougue Bie, however, shows that megaliths were regularly moved over shorter distances, and suggests that the distribution of megalithic sites within a region cannot be explained simply as a function of the availability of building materials. This view modifies the purely materialistic conclusions of Thorpe & Williams-Thorpe in their recent demolition of the Stonehenge bluestones myth (ANTIQUITY 65: 64–73).
Treasure Trove: dumb enchantment or new law?
Authors: Cookson Neil
Published: January 2016

Successive UK Governments have persisted in maintaining the archaic nonsense of Treasure Trove. This paper demonstrates the unsuitability of a medieval Royal Prerogative for protecting our archaeological heritage, and goes on to outline a more effective system. This rejects the principle of animus revertendi and concentrates on the protection of portable antiquities in its own right. It advocates a system of statutory reporting and certification, coupled with a policy of acquisition in the public interest.
Fengate to Flag Fen: summary of the soil and sediment analyses
Authors: French C.A.I.
Published: January 2016

Rather than give very detailed descriptive accounts of the eight profiles examined, what follows is a summary of the main conclusions of the soil and sediment analyses undertaken on the Fengate fen-edge at the power station subsite (1989) and Cat’s Water (1990) sub-site. The sedimentological (geochemical and mineral magnetic) analyses have been done by D. Passmore and M. Macklin, both of the Department of Geography, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and the buried soil and alluvial micromorphological analyses by the writer.
Flag Fen: the vegetation environment
Authors: Scaife Rob
Published: January 2016

The discovery of the timber platform in fen peat poses a number of questions relating to the local ecology and environment in which the structure was constructed and the character of local land use and economic subsistence. Pollen and plant macro-fossil studies were initiated at the outset of discovery of the Flag Fen structure. Special attention has been paid to the changing fen flora reflecting local hydrological changes as well as evidence for the vegetation and land use on areas of nearby dry land. In addition to the evidence for temporal changes in the environment obtained from ‘long peat cores’, sampling on a grid-square basis is being carried out on sands thought to have been floor covering. It is hoped that these will yield information on the use of the platform. Pollen data are now available from Flag Fen and the nearby Power Station site at Fengate. This short contribution seeks to provide a general summary of the vegetation and environment of the fen and its near terrestrial environs with data coming largely from the analysis of the ‘Mere Section’ (see Introduction, FIGURE 6 for location) although some reference will be made to the Fengate site (see Introduction, FIGURE6 for location). Results ofthe completed study will be presented in a forthcoming monograph.
The Coleoptera from Flag Fen
Authors: Robinson Mark
Published: January 2016

The study of insect remains, particularly Coleoptera (beetles), from archaeological deposits can give palaeoecological information on a wide range of aspects of site environment and human activity. Some of this supplements other lines of evidence, for example the results of pollen analysis and the identifications of macroscopic plant remains can be supported by the food plant requirements of the more host-specific phytophagous Coleoptera present in a sample. However, there are other aspects of site ecology for which insects provide the main evidence. In particular, there are distinct faunas associated with various categories of structural, stored and decaying organic material.
Flag Fen: the wood
Authors: Taylor Maisie
Published: January 2016

The method of excavating the platform is ostensibly simple, but every stage must be completed to a consistently high standard, particularly the maintenance of records. The amount of data generated every season is vast. For every level the procedure is the same: the wood is exposed and the surrounding peat removed so that the individual pieces are as clearly defined as possibIe whilst still in situ. The cleaned level is photographed from fixed positions in the roof of the excavation shelter. A plan is drawn, partly using the vertical photographs, but it is finished in the excavation, and amended where necessary during the lifting process. The wood is then lifted using teams of two or three excavators, at least one of whom needs to be very experienced. The wood is either allocated a number as it is lifted, or is sampled by metre square and spot height (O.D.). Provenance data, including grid reference, height O.D., and provisional measurements and description are noted on the field sheets.
Bone remains from Flag Fen platform and Fengate Power Station post alignment
Authors: Halstead Paul , Cameron Ellen
Published: January 2016

The bone assemblages from the Flag Fen platform itself and from the contemporary post alignment revealed at the Fengate Power Station site are small (respectively c. 150 and c. 600 identified pieces), but may nonetheless shed some light on the nature of human activity at the two sites. For obvious reasons, this study is principally directed towards understanding the circumstances of bone deposition rather than towards a reconstruction of local animal husbandry.
A preliminary examination of the pottery from the Fengate (Power Station) site and the Flag Fen platform
Authors: Anderson Katherine J. , Barrett John C.
Published: January 2016

The discovery of a small scatter of pottery sherds from around and to the south of the timber rows on the Fengate site and of more pottery from the Flag Fen platform enables us to undertake a comparative study which might throw some light on the history of activities associated with these two structures.

The assemblages discussed here are small, 103 sherds from Fengate and 293 sherds from the Flag Fen platform, and the procedures by which these assemblages were recovered differ. The Fengate pottery was excavated in the course of uncovering either the timbers or the metalwork. Consequently, the distribution of known material derives not from a detailed examination of the entire area but from the position of the timbers or the metal objects and where the position of the latter was indicated by metal-detector readings. These recovery procedures present us with some difficulties if we wish to seek a direct comparison between this assemblage and the material from the Flag Fen platform. The platform is being excavated fully and under closer archaeological scrutiny; the contrast is well illustrated by the fact that sherds of less than 20 mm in diameter are absent from the Fengate site but comprise about 17% of the Flag Fen assemblage.
A new aglaspidid-like euarthropod from the lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of South Australia
Authors: EDGECOMBE GREGORY D. , PATERSON JOHN R. , GARCÍA-BELLIDO DIEGO C.
Published: January 2016

A new euarthropod from the Emu Bay Shale (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) on Kangaroo Island, South Australia, is a rare component of this Konservat-Lagerstätte. The two known specimens ofEozetetes gemmelligen. et sp. nov., in combination, depict a non-biomineralized euarthropod with a relatively short cephalic shield lacking dorsal eyes and bearing a flagelliform antenna, 18 trunk segments with broad tergopleurae and paired axial nodes/carinae, and an elongate, styliform tailspine. The new species compares most closely with taxa in the putative clade Vicissicaudata, which groups Aglaspidida, Cheloniellida and Xenopoda. A ring-like terminal tergite inE. gemmellicorresponds to the caudal tergite in cheloniellids and xenopodans. IncorporatingEozetetesinto recent character sets for Cambrian euarthropods supports close affinities to eitherEmeraldellaor to aglaspidids, but several plesiomorphic character states are inconsistent with membership in Aglaspididasensu stricto. Eozetetesis among the earliest of various Cambrian taxa informally referred to as ‘aglaspidid-like euarthropods’.
Learning from the experiences of people with HIV using general practitioner services in London: a qualitative study
Authors: Keogh Peter , Weatherburn Peter , Reid David
Published: January 2016

Aim

To explore the experiences of people with HIV (PWHIV) using general practitioner (GP) services in order to identify barriers to use.

Background

Traditionally, GPs have little involvement in the care of PWHIV. However, as HIV becomes a chronic condition and the population of PWHIV ages, there is a need to increase this involvement. Despite high levels of GP registration, the majority of PWHIV in London report that their GP is not involved in their HIV care.

Methods

This paper presents qualitative findings from a mixed method study of PWHIV’s experiences of clinical services. Survey respondents were purposively sampled to recruit 51 PWHIV who took part in eight focus groups. Participants were asked about their experience of using GP services.

Findings

Three factors emerged which mediated experiences of GP care.Competence: respondents were concerned about the potential for misdiagnosis of symptoms, lack of awareness of the health needs of PWHIV and experiences of prescribing, which could lead to drug interactions.Continuity: not being able to get appointments quickly enough, not being able to see the same doctor twice and not being able to keep the same GP when one changed address were experienced as impediments to use.Communication: lack of communication between GPs and HIV specialists led to what participants called ‘patient ping-pong’ where they found themselves acting as a go-between for different clinical specialists trying to make sense of their care.

Conclusion

Meaningful contact between HIV specialists and GPs is likely to allay concerns about competency as treatment and care decisions can be taken collaboratively between the GP, HIV specialist and patient. A key component of acceptable GP care for PWHIV is likely to be the application of long-term condition management approaches, which includes empowered patient self-management.
Carfilzomib and the cardiorenal system in myeloma: an endothelial effect?
Authors: Rosenthal A , Luthi J , Belohlavek M , Kortüm K M , Mookadam F , Mayo A , Fonseca R , Bergsagel P L , Reeder C B , Mikhael J R , Stewart A K
Published: January 2016

Carfilzomib (Cfz) has been associated with an ~5% incidence of unexplained and unpredictable cardiovascular toxicity in clinical trials. We therefore implemented a detailed, prospective, clinical cardiac and renal evaluation of 62 Cfz-treated myeloma patients, including serial blood pressure (BP), creatinine, troponin, NT-proBNP and pre- and post-treatment echocardiograms, including ejection fraction (EF), average global longitudinal strain and compliance. Pre-treatment elevations in NT-proBNP and BP, as well as abnormal cardiac strain were common. A rise in NT-proBNP occurred frequently post-treatment often without corresponding cardiopulmonary symptoms. A rise in creatinine was common, lessened with hydration and often reversible. All patients had a normal EF pre-treatment. Five patients experienced a significant cardiac event (four decline in EF and one myocardial infarction), of which 2 (3.2%) were considered probably attributable to Cfz. None were rechallenged with Cfz. The ideal strategy for identifying patients at risk for cardiac events, and parameters by which to monitor for early toxicity have not been established; however, it appears baseline echocardiographic testing is not consistently predictive of toxicity. The toxicities observed suggest an endothelial mechanism and further clinical trials are needed to determine whether or not this represents a class effect or is Cfz specific.
A glucose biosensor based on the polymerization of aniline induced by a bio-interphase of glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase
Authors: Gong Coucong , Chen Jingyi , Song Yonghai , Sun Min , Song Yonggui , Guo Qiaohui , Wang Li
Published: January 2016

Schematic illustration of the novel glucose biosensor.
Sulfonamide-directed gold-catalyzed [2+2+2]-cycloadditions of nitriles with two discrete ynamides to construct 2,4-diaminopyridine cores
Authors: Chen Yu-Ling , Sharma Pankaj , Liu Rai-Shung
Published: January 2016

Gold-catalyzed [2+2+2]-cycloadditions of two discrete ynamides and one nitrile afford 2,4-diaminopyridine derivatives; our mechanistic analysis reveals that the reaction chemoselectivity is affected by the types of sulfonamides.
Another challenge to paramagnetic relaxation theory: a study of paramagnetic proton NMR relaxation in closely related series of pyridine-derivatised dysprosium complexes
Authors: Rogers Nicola J. , Finney Katie-Louise N. A. , Senanayake P. Kanthi , Parker David
Published: January 2016

The surprising sensitivity of the relaxation behaviour of twelve dysprosium complexes in solution highlights limitations in paramagnetic relaxation theory.
O2 adsorption and dissociation on an anatase (101) surface with a subsurface Ti interstitial
Authors: Liu Liangliang , Liu Qin , Xiao Wei , Pan Chunxu , Wang Zhu
Published: January 2016

Two active oxygen adatoms and two strongly bonded oxygen adatoms are generated after the dissociation of two O2 molecules near a subsurface Ti interstitial.
How amino and nitro substituents direct electrophilic aromatic substitution in benzene: an explanation with Kohn–Sham molecular orbital theory and Voronoi deformation density analysis
Authors: Stasyuk O. A. , Szatylowicz H. , Krygowski T. M. , Fonseca Guerra C.
Published: January 2016

Molecular orbitals of aniline explain electrophilic substitution, whereas for nitrobenzene charge rearrangements are needed.
Filling the gap between the quantum and classical worlds of nanoscale magnetism: giant molecular aggregates based on paramagnetic 3d metal ions
Authors: Papatriantafyllopoulou Constantina , Moushi Eleni E. , Christou George , Tasiopoulos Anastasios J.
Published: January 2016

The syntheses, structures and magnetic properties of giant molecular 3d and 3d/4f paramagnetic metal clusters are surveyed. Such complexes combine fascinating crystal structures, interesting magnetic properties and sizes comparable to those of classical magnetic nanoparticles providing a powerful bottom-up approach to nanoscale magnetic materials.
Dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols and carboxylic acids with hydrosilanes catalyzed by a salen–Mn(v) complex
Authors: Vijjamarri Srikanth , Chidara Vamshi K. , Rousova Jana , Du Guodong
Published: January 2016

A manganese–salen complex is shown to be effective in catalyzing the dehydrogenative coupling of hydroxyl groups with hydrosilane.
Solubilisation and chemical fixation of copper(ii) in micronized copper treated wood
Authors: Xue Wei , Ruddick John N. R. , Kennepohl Pierre
Published: January 2016

Wood preservatives using micronized particulate copper as the main active ingredient recently introduced in the USA have generated controversies due to their limited intrinsic solubility compared to the conventional soluble copper treatments.
A series of dinuclear Dy(iii) complexes bridged by 2-methyl-8-hydroxylquinoline: replacement on the periphery coordinated β-diketonate terminal leads to different single-molecule magnetic properties
Authors: Zhang Wan-Ying , Tian Yong-Mei , Li Hong-Feng , Chen Peng , Sun Wen-Bin , Zhang Yi-Quan , Yan Peng-Fei
Published: January 2016

A series of dinuclear Dy(iii) complexes bridged by 2-methyl-8-hydroxylquinoline were reported, in which the replacement on the β-diketonate terminal leads to different structures and further affect their SMM properties.
The ameliorative effect of Monascus purpureus NTU 568-fermented rice extracts on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and the rat model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Tseng Wei-Ting , Hsu Ya-Wen , Pan Tzu-Ming
Published: January 2016

TheMonascus purpureusNTU 568-fermented rice extract contains antioxidants DMA and DFC, and it could reduce behavioral, neuronal, and biochemical characteristics in 6-OHDA-lesion rats.
Comparison of black, green and rooibos tea on osteoblast activity
Authors: Nash L. A. , Ward W. E.
Published: January 2016

Globally, tea is the second most consumed beverage after water.
A mathematical model of microbial folate biosynthesis and utilisation: implications for antifolate development
Authors: Enrique Salcedo-Sora J. , Mc Auley Mark T.
Published: January 2016

A mathematical model of the whole microbial biosynthesis of folate shows new and potentially better synergistic inhibitors.
Classification of matching molecular series on the basis of SAR phenotypes and structural relationships
Authors: Ghosh Adhideb , Dimova Dilyana , Bajorath Jürgen
Published: January 2016

Matching molecular series. Shown is a pair of structurally related matching molecular series that display different SAR characteristics.
Blue ‘turn-on’ fluorescent probes for the direct detection of free radicals and nitric oxide in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
Authors: Barzegar Amiri Olia Mina , Zavras Athanasios , Schiesser Carl H. , Alexander Stefanie-Ann
Published: January 2016

Novel blue cell-permeable ‘turn-on’ fluorescent probes have been developed to visualize and quantify nitric oxide and free radical formation and reaction within aPseudomonas aeruginosabiofilm.
The first catalytic asymmetric thioacetalization by chiral phosphoric acid catalysis
Authors: Yu Jin-Sheng , Wu Wen-Biao , Zhou Feng
Published: January 2016

We report here the first catalytic asymmetric thioacetalization of salicylaldehyde and dithiol. Chiral phosphoric acid STRIPC5is identified as a powerful catalyst for this reaction to afford various chiral dithioacetals in high to excellent yields and enantioselectivities under mild conditions.
Self-assembly of phosphorescent quantum dots/boronic-acid-substituted viologen nanohybrids based on photoinduced electron transfer for glucose detection in aqueous solution
Authors: Miao Yanming , Yang Maoqing , Yan Guiqin
Published: January 2016

We synthesized boronic-acid-substituted viologens (BBV) and designed a glucose sensor based on room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) quantum dots (QDs) and BBV.
Fluid flow analysis of continuous and segmented riblet structures
Authors: Martin Samuel , Bhushan Bharat
Published: January 2016

The scales of fast-swimming sharks contain riblet structures with microgrooves, aligned in the direction of fluid flow, that result in water moving efficiently over the surface.
Aging behavior of the silicone dielectric elastomers in a simulated marine environment
Authors: Bele A. , Stiubianu G. , Vlad S. , Tugui C. , Varganici C. D. , Matricala L. , Ionita D. , Timpu D. , Cazacu M.
Published: January 2016

A series of silicone–barium titanate composites, designed as dielectric elastomer films to be used as active elements in wave energy conversion devices, were immersed in artificial sea water in pseudo-dynamic conditions to asses their aging behavior.
Design and synthesis of new ultra-low band gap thiadiazoloquinoxaline-based polymers for near-infrared organic photovoltaic application
Authors: Keshtov M. L. , Kuklin S. A. , Radychev N. A. , Nikolaev A. Yu. , Koukaras E. N. , Sharma Abhishek , Sharma G. D.
Published: January 2016

Two D–A copolymers, F1 and F2, with fluorene and thiazole units were substituted, respectively, on a thiadiazoloquinoxaline (TDQ) unit to enhance the electron-accepting strength of TDQ.
Highly efficient removal of hexavalent chromium from electroplating wastewater using aminated wheat straw
Authors: Yao Xiaolong , Deng Shubo , Wu Rui , Hong Siqi , Wang Bin , Huang Jun , Wang Yujue , Yu Gang
Published: January 2016

Highly efficient aminated wheat straw had high adsorption and selectivity for Cr(vi) in electroplating wastewater, and some adsorbed Cr(vi) were reduced to Cr(iii) and released into solution.
Functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a catalyst to synthesize a luminescent polymer/silica nanocomposite
Authors: Tang Duihai , Zhang Wenting , Qiao Zhenan , Liu Yunling , Huo Qisheng
Published: January 2016

A luminescent polymer/silica nanocomposite was synthesized through in situ polymerization. These silica nanoparticles can act as both the catalyst support and the inorganic core of a luminescent nanocomposite.
Li4(NH2)3Cl amide-chloride: a new synthesis route, and hydrogen storage kinetic and thermodynamic properties
Authors: Gamba N. S. , Arneodo Larochette P. , Gennari F. C.
Published: January 2016

A Li4(NH2)3Cl–3LiH composite was synthesized by the milling of LiNH2–LiCl–3LiH and heating at 200 °C under 6.0 MPa of hydrogen pressure.
Retracted Article: CuS nanocrystal@microgel nanocomposites for light-regulated release of dual-drugs and chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy in vitro
Authors: Sun Jie , Gui Rijun , Jin Hui , Li Na , Wang Xiaojing
Published: January 2016

This article reported the facile synthesis of CuS nanocrystal@microgel nanocomposites that were further developed towards the light-regulated release of dual-drugs and chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy in vitro.
Synthesis of a bi-functional terminal polyhedral octasilicate-core dendrimer containing carbazole and 1,8-naphthalimide, and its photoluminescence properties, film formability, and glass transition behavior
Authors: Irie Yasuyuki , Yamanaka Takahiro , Naka Kensuke
Published: January 2016

The bi-functional terminal polyhedral octasilicate (OS)-core dendrimer containing carbazole and 1,8-naphthalimide on its peripheries was synthesized and studied its photoluminescence properties, film formability, and glass transition behavior.
Multiscale sulfur particles confined in honeycomb-like graphene with the assistance of bio-based adhesive for ultrathin and robust free-standing electrode of Li–S batteries with improved performance
Authors: Ni Wei , Cheng Jianli , Li Xiaodong , Guan Qun , Qu Guoxing , Wang Zhiyu , Wang Bin
Published: January 2016

Ultrathin honeycomb-like graphene nanocomposite membrane with biosurfactant enhanced interfacial adhesion as flexible and robust cathode may show potential for next-generation high-performance Li–S batteries.
Pt(iv) derivatives of cisplatin and oxaliplatin with phenylbutyrate axial ligands are potent cytotoxic agents that act by several mechanisms of action
Authors: Raveendran Raji , Braude Jeremy Phillip , Wexselblatt Ezequiel , Novohradsky Vojtech , Stuchlikova Olga , Brabec Viktor , Gandin Valentina , Gibson Dan
Published: January 2016

The Pt(iv) derivative of cisplatin,ctc-[Pt(NH3)2(PhB)2Cl2], is a p53 independent very potent cytotoxic agent that kills cancer cells by triggering various cellular pathways.
Facile syntheses of [3]-, [4]- and [6]catenanes templated by orthogonal supramolecular interactions
Authors: Wang Kai , Yee Chi-Chung , Au-Yeung Ho Yu
Published: January 2016

A branched [6]catenane was synthesised under aqueous conditions in high yield using orthogonal supramolecular interactions as a template.
Open boundary molecular dynamics of sheared star-polymer melts
Authors: Sablić Jurij , Praprotnik Matej , Delgado-Buscalioni Rafael
Published: January 2016

Shearing polymer melts at constant normal pressure produces different rheology than shearing at a constant volume, as revealed by AdResS-enabled open boundary MD simulations of star polymer melts.
Functionalized graphene quantum dots as a novel cathode interlayer of polymer solar cells
Authors: Ding Zicheng , Miao Zhongshuo , Xie Zhiyuan , Liu Jun
Published: January 2016

Graphene quantum dots functionalized with tetramethylammonium at the edge (GQDs-TMA) can be used as a cathode interlayer for polymer solar cells with high photovoltaic efficiency. A power conversion efficiency improvement from 7.51% to 8.80% is demonstrated by incorporatingGQDs-TMAas the cathode interlayer.
Osmo-solidification of all-aqueous emulsion with enhanced preservation of protein activity
Authors: Ma Qingming , Song Yang , Baier Grit , Holtze Christian , Shum Ho Cheung
Published: January 2016

An “osmo-solidification” approach that solidifies all-aqueous emulsion droplets for encapsulating proteins with superior preservation of their activity.
Correction: Singlet lifetime measurements in an all-proton chemically equivalent spin system by hyperpolarization and weak spin lock transfers
Authors: Zhang Y. , Basu K. , Canary J. W. , Jerschow A.
Published: January 2016

Correction for ‘Singlet lifetime measurements in an all-proton chemically equivalent spin system by hyperpolarization and weak spin lock transfers’ by Y. Zhang et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, 17, 24370–24375.
Renin–angiotensin system as a potential therapeutic target in stroke and retinopathy: experimental and clinical evidence
Authors: Fouda Abdelrahman Y. , Artham Sandeep , El-Remessy Azza B. , Fagan Susan C.
Published: January 2016

As our knowledge expands, it is now clear that the renin–angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) mediates functions other than regulating blood pressure (BP). The RAS plays a central role in the pathophysiology of different neurovascular unit disorders including stroke and retinopathy. Moreover, the beneficial actions of RAS modulation in brain and retina have been documented in experimental research, but not yet exploited clinically. The RAS is a complex system with distinct yet interconnected components. Understanding the different RAS components and their functions under brain and retinal pathological conditions is crucial to reap their benefits. The aim of the present review is to provide an experimental and clinical update on the role of RAS in the pathophysiology and treatment of stroke and retinopathy. Combining the evidence from both these disorders allows a unique opportunity to move both fields forward.
Corrected runs distribution test for pseudorandom number generators
Authors: Fan Limin , Chen Hua , Chen Meihui , Gao Si
Published: January 2016

Runs distribution test is an important statistical test based on Golomb's randomness postulates. It is an important randomness test included in some famous evaluation standards and statistical test suites such as Application Notes and Interpretation of the Scheme (AIS20), the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS140), CryptX, and so on. However, when it is applied on some well‐known good Deterministic Random Bit Generators (DRBGs), the test results show apparent bias from randomness. This shows that there exist some inaccuracies in the runs distribution test. The problem is solved and the runs distribution test through two ways is corrected. First, the degree of freedom of statistical value V is adjusted. Secondly, the expected number of different lengths runs is modified. The experiment results show that the corrected runs distribution test is more accurate under two‐level evaluation approach proposed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Special Publication (SP) 800–22.
Investigation of electric and magnetic coupling between two helical resonators of a wireless power transfer system
Authors: Rasti Boroujeni S. , Shahabadi M. , Rashed‐Mohassel J.
Published: January 2016

An analytical method for calculation of total coupling coefficient between two helical resonators is presented. The ratio of electric to magnetic (EMR) coupling coefficient is calculated by approximating the electric and magnetic fields of the resonator with TE10 and TM10 spherical modes. A helical resonator is wounded to verify the analysis and simulation results.
2.4 GHz CMOS bandpass filter using active transmission line
Authors: Wang Sen , Chang Ren‐Hua
Published: January 2016

A bandpasss filter (BPF) using active transmission lines (ATLs) in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology at the 2.4 GHz band is presented. The ATL consists of a passive transmission line which is loaded by Λ‐type circuits periodically. The ATL incorporating the Λ‐type circuits not only compensates its resistive losses but also increases the slow‐wave factors. Moreover, an inductor is also used in the BPF to improve the passband flatness and circuit instability. Under a power consumption of 21 mW, the BPF achieves 0.5 dB insertion loss at the centre frequency of 2.3 GHz, and a 3 dB bandwidth of 550 MHz.
High‐power LEDs using Ga‐doped ZnO current‐spreading layers
Authors: Mughal A.J. , Oh S. , Myzaferi A. , Nakamura S. , Speck J.S. , DenBaars S.P.
Published: January 2016

The performance of LEDs with Ga‐doped ZnO (Ga:ZnO) and Sn‐doped In2O3 (ITO) current‐spreading layers (CSLs) has been evaluated at high injection current densities. LEDs with electron beam‐hydrothermally deposited Ga:ZnO transparent CSLs showed improved performance compared to electron beam deposited ITO at all current densities. External quantum efficiency and wall plug efficiency were both higher for blue emitting LEDs with ZnO. Luminous efficacy increased greatly for the ZnO‐based CSL with a peak value of 113 lm/W compared to 82 lm/W for the ITO‐based CSL, a 37% improvement.
Metallic post‐array loaded cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna
Authors: Park Byeong‐Yong , Kim Tae‐Wan , Park Seong‐Ook
Published: January 2016

An investigation of a novel cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) configuration has been carried out. It is shown that two resonances including the full‐ and half‐cylindrical HE11δ ‐like modes can coexist simultaneously at different frequencies by placing a metallic post array in the resonator. Moreover, compared with the conventional HE11δ mode cylindrical DRA having the same size, the proposed antenna operates in lower frequency band and shows improved bandwidth. The experimental results including the return loss and the radiation patterns are demonstrated.
Lagrangian statistics in weakly forced two-dimensional turbulence
Authors: Rivera Michael K. , Ecke Robert E.
Published: January 2016

Measurements of Lagrangian single-point and multiple-point statistics in a quasi-two-dimensional stratified layer system are reported. The system consists of a layer of salt water over an immiscible layer of Fluorinert and is forced electromagnetically so that mean-squared vorticity is injected at a well-defined spatial scale ri. Simultaneous cascades develop in which enstrophy flows predominately to small scales whereas energy cascades, on average, to larger scales. Lagrangian correlations and one- and two-point displacements are measured for random initial conditions and for initial positions within topological centers and saddles. Some of the behavior of these quantities can be understood in terms of the trapping characteristics of long-lived centers, the slow motion near strong saddles, and the rapid fluctuations outside of either centers or saddles. We also present statistics of Lagrangian velocity fluctuations using energy spectra in frequency space and structure functions in real space. We compare with complementary Eulerian velocity statistics. We find that simultaneous inverse energy and enstrophy ranges present in spectra are not directly echoed in real-space moments of velocity difference. Nevertheless, the spectral ranges line up well with features of moment ratios, indicating that although the moments are not exhibiting unambiguous scaling, the behavior of the probability distribution functions is changing over short ranges of length scales. Implications for understanding weakly forced 2D turbulence with simultaneous inverse and direct cascades are discussed.
Doping He droplets by laser ablation with a pulsed supersonic jet source
Authors: Katzy R. , Singer M. , Izadnia S. , LaForge A. C. , Stienkemeier F.
Published: January 2016

Laser ablation offers the possibility to study a rich number of atoms, molecules, and clusters in the gas phase. By attaching laser ablated materials to helium nanodroplets, one can gain highly resolved spectra of isolated species in a cold, weakly perturbed system. Here, we present a new setup for doping pulsed helium nanodroplet beams by means of laser ablation. In comparison to more well-established techniques using a continuous nozzle, pulsed nozzles show significant differences in the doping efficiency depending on certain experimental parameters (e.g., position of the ablation plume with respect to the droplet formation, nozzle design, and expansion conditions). In particular, we demonstrate that when the ablation region overlaps with the droplet formation region, one also creates a supersonic beam of helium atoms seeded with the sample material. The processes are characterized using a surface ionization detector. The overall doping signal is compared to that of conventional oven cell doping showing very similar dependence on helium stagnation conditions, indicating a comparable doping process. Finally, the ablated material was spectroscopically studied via laser induced fluorescence.
Observation of “wired” cell communication over 10-μm and 20-μm poly(dimethylsiloxane) barriers in tetracycline inducible expression systems
Authors: Kuo Ching-Te , Chi Cheng-Yu , Wu Pei-Yi , Chuang Fang-Tzu , Lin Yueh-Chien , Liu Hao-Kai , Huang Guan-Syuan , Tsai Tzu-Ching , Wo Andrew M. , Lee Hsinyu , Lee Si-Chen
Published: January 2016

Communication between cells and extracellular environments is of interest because of its critical roles in cell development and differentiation. Particularly, this signal transduction is commonly believed to rely on the contact and binding of the participating molecules/proteins, suggesting that the binding distance needed is less than a few nanometers. However, it is difficult to precisely match the rapidly binding interaction which depends on the probability of molecular collision in living systems, raising a hypothesis that another mechanism exists, could promote this signal communication, and remains unknown. Here we report that a long-range signal delivery over 10-μm and 20-μm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) barriers can be observed in microfluidically tetracycline (Tet) inducible expression systems. Results show that a significant increment of the long-range induced green fluorescent protein in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK 293T) cells by the stimulation of Tet is demonstrated, and that such a signal induction is not dominated by Tet diffusion and displays a specific bindingless property. In addition, our experimental results, combined with theoretical modeling, suggest that this communication exhibits a bump-shaped characteristic depending on barrier thickness, materially structural property, surface roughness, and agonist concentration. It strongly relies on the PDMS barrier to delivery signal; therefore, we call such a mechanism as “wired” cell communication instead of wireless. These results could ignite interests in the novel and “wired” cell communication, which we call it X-signal, and in the use of such systems for the study of cellular biology and development of new drug.
Invited Article: High resolution angle resolved photoemission with tabletop 11 eV laser
Authors: He Yu , Vishik Inna M. , Yi Ming , Yang Shuolong , Liu Zhongkai , Lee James J. , Chen Sudi , Rebec Slavko N. , Leuenberger Dominik , Zong Alfred , Jefferson C. Michael , Moore Robert G. , Kirchmann Patrick S. , Merriam Andrew J. , Shen Zhi-Xun
Published: January 2016

We developed a table-top vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) laser with 113.778 nm wavelength (10.897 eV) and demonstrated its viability as a photon source for high resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). This sub-nanosecond pulsed VUV laser operates at a repetition rate of 10 MHz, provides a flux of 2 × 1012 photons/s, and enables photoemission with energy and momentum resolutions better than 2 meV and 0.012 Å−1, respectively. Space-charge induced energy shifts and spectral broadenings can be reduced below 2 meV. The setup reaches electron momenta up to 1.2 Å−1, granting full access to the first Brillouin zone of most materials. Control over the linear polarization, repetition rate, and photon flux of the VUV source facilitates ARPES investigations of a broad range of quantum materials, bridging the application gap between contemporary low energy laser-based ARPES and synchrotron-based ARPES. We describe the principles and operational characteristics of this source and showcase its performance for rare earth metal tritellurides, high temperature cuprate superconductors, and iron-based superconductors.