bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of long non‐coding RNA ENSG00000226738 (LncKLHDC7B) is enriched in the immunomodulatory triple‐negative breast cancer subtype and its alteration promotes cell migration, invasion, and resistance to cell death
Authors: Beltrán‐Anaya Fredy Omar , Romero‐Córdoba Sandra , Rebollar‐Vega Rosa , Arrieta Oscar , Bautista‐Piña Verónica , Dominguez‐Reyes Carlos , Villegas‐Carlos Felipe , Tenorio‐Torres Alberto , Alfaro‐Riuz Luis , Jiménez‐Morales Silvia , Cedro‐Tanda Alberto , Ríos‐Romero Magdalena , Reyes‐Grajeda Juan Pablo , Tagliabue Elda , Iorio Marilena V. , Hidalgo‐Miranda Alfredo
Published: January 2019

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents an aggressive phenotype with poor prognosis compared with ER, PR, and HER2‐positive tumors. TNBC is a heterogeneous disease, and gene expression analysis has identified seven molecular subtypes. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) are involved in regulation of gene expression and cancer biology, contributing to essential cancer cell functions. In this study, we analyzed the expression profile of lncRNA in TNBC subtypes from 156 TNBC samples, and then characterized the functional role of LncKLHDC7B (ENSG00000226738). A total of 710 lncRNA were found to be differentially expressed between TNBC subtypes, and a subset of these altered lncRNA were independently validated. We discovered that LncKLHDC7B (ENSG00000226738) acts as a transcriptional modulator of its neighboring coding gene KLHDC7B in the immunomodulatory subtype. Furthermore, LncKLHDC7B knockdown enhanced migration and invasion, and promoted resistance to cellular death. Our findings confirmed the contribution of LncKLHDC7B to induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell migration and invasion, suggesting that TNBC tumors with enrichment of LncKLHDC7B may exhibit distinct regulatory activity, or that this may be a generalized process in breast cancer. Additionally, in silico analysis confirmed for the first time that the low expression of KLHDC7B and LncKLHDC7B is associated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer.
Nonmainstream Out‐Plane Fluoro‐ and Amino‐Cofunctionalized Graphene for a Striking Electrocatalyst: Programming Substitutive/Reductive Defluorination toward Graphite Fluoride
Authors: Zhao Fu‐Gang , Pan Bingyige , Kong Yu‐Ting , Dong Lei , Hu Cheng‐Min , Sang Ying‐Ji , Zhou Xianjing , Zuo Biao , Dong Xiaoping , Li Benxia , Li Wei‐Shi
Published: January 2019

It is mostly reported that graphene lattice doped/codoped with heteroatoms (e.g., nitrogen and boron) in an in‐plane fashion exhibits an impressive oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalytic efficiency when serving as a metal‐free catalyst, but the cases that graphene sheets functionalized with heteroatoms in an out‐plane scenario are rarely involved. Herein, amino (NH2)‐/fluoro (F)‐cofunctionalized graphene (NH2GF) is rationally designed and synthesized both in out‐plane modes through a programmable substitutive/reductive defluorination toward bulk graphite fluoride using NaNH2. Versatile NH2‐/F‐(co)functionalized graphene products with tunable fluorination and amination are readily yielded and their ORR electrocatalysis is evaluated. Intriguingly, the parameter of NH2/F molar ratio is determinative for their electrocatalytic performances. Consequently, graphene product (roughly formulated in (NH2)7.0C100F2.8, vide infra) dually functionalized with NH2 and F and with an optimized NH2/F factor of 2.5 outperforms others—overmuch in either NH2 only or F only. Encouragingly, (NH2)7.0C100F2.8 even delivers a slightly better electrocatalytic activity than Pt/C catalyst. This finding implies a significant synergistic effect between NH2 and F in boosting graphene electrocatalysis. Apart from fantastic electrocatalytic activity, (NH2)7.0C100F2.8 also exhibits remarkable resistance to crossover effect and exceptional cycling stability.
Ionic Gating of Ultrathin and Leaky Ferroelectrics
Authors: Sharma Yogesh , Wong Anthony T. , Herklotz Andreas , Lee Dongkyu , Ievlev Anton V. , Collins Liam , Lee Ho Nyung , Dai Sheng , Balke Nina , Rack Philip D. , Ward Thomas Z.
Published: January 2019

Ionic liquids are used to induce reversible large area polarization switching in ultrathin and highly defective ferroelectric films. Long range electrostatic charge control is induced by modifying the electric double layer at an ionic liquid–PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 interface with electrostatic and electrochemical control of polarization orientation in the ferroelectric layer. The localized nature of the ionic gating mechanism prohibits the presence of leakage current, which has historically limited the switching of ultrathin and/or electrically leaky ferroelectric films in solid metal‐gated capacitor devices. This is demonstrated on ultrathin films and in massively defective films with >30% coverage of direct conducting channels running from surface to ground. This approach opens new design possibilities for integrating ultrathin ferroelectric films in functional electronic devices.
Electrochemical Multiplexing: Control over Surface Functionalization by Combining a Redox‐Sensitive Alkyne Protection Group with “Click”‐Chemistry
Authors: Hellstern Manuel , Gantenbein Markus , Le Pleux Loïc , Puebla‐Hellmann Gabriel , Lörtscher Emanuel , Mayor Marcel
Published: January 2019

Local functionalization of surfaces is a current technological challenge. An electrochemically addressable alkyne protection group is presented enabling the site‐selective liberation of alkynes exclusively on electrified electrodes. This controlled deprotection is based on a mendione chromophore which becomes a strong enough nucleophile upon reduction to intramolecularly attack the trialkylsilane alkyne protection group. The site‐selective liberation of the alkyne is demonstrated by immobilizing the protected alkyne precursor on a transparent TiO2 electrode and subsequently immobilizing red and blue azide dyes by azide‐alkyne “click” chemistry. While the proof‐of‐principle is based on colorations visible to the bare eye, the technique presented is generic also to nontransparent electrodes, microscale separations, and functional moieties other than dyes. It may open manifold applications where site‐selective functionalization is required but hardly realizable with conventional methods.
Copper‐Catalyzed Thioannulation of Propynamides with Sodium Sulfide for the Synthesis of Isothiazol‐3‐ones
Authors: Wang Sui‐Qian , Hu Bo‐Lun , Zhang Xing‐Guo
Published: January 2019

A method for the copper‐catalyzed thioannulation of propynamides with sodium sulfide was developed for the synthesis of isothiazol‐3‐ones. The reaction involves a nucleophilic addition and an intramolecular cross‐dehydrogenative coupling reaction. The thioannulation features the use of an inexpensive and odorless sulfur source and easily prepared propynamides with excellent functional group tolerance.

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Polymer multilayer films for high temperature capacitor application
Authors: Yin Kezhen , Zhang Jingwei , Li Zhenpeng , Feng Jingxing , Zhang Ci , Chen Xinyue , Olah Andrew , Schuele Donald E. , Zhu Lei , Baer Eric
Published: January 2019

Advanced film capacitors require polymers with high thermal stability, high breakdown strength, and low loss for high temperature dielectric applications. To fulfill such requirements, two polymer multilayer film systems were coextruded via the forced assembly technique. High glass transition temperature (T
g) polycarbonate (HTPC, Tg = 165 °C) and polysulfone (PSF, Tg = 185 °C) were multilayered with a high dielectric constant polymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), respectively. The PSF/PVDF system was more thermally stable than the HTPC/PVDF system because of the higher Tg for PSF. At temperatures lower than 170 °C, the HTPC/PVDF system exhibited comparable breakdown strength and hysteresis loss as the PSF/PVDF system. While at temperatures above 170 °C, the PSF/PVDF system exhibited a higher breakdown strength because of the higher Tg of PSF. The electric displacement‐electric field (D‐E) loop behavior of the PSF/PVDF system was studied as a function of temperature. Moreover, a melt‐recrystallization process could further decrease the hysteresis loss for the PSF/PVDF system due to better edge‐on crystal orientation. These results demonstrate that PSF/PVDF and HTPC/PVDF systems are applicable for high temperature film capacitors. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47535.
Dynamic analysis of polar metabolites and volatile compounds in sesame seeds during roasting
Authors: Zhou Qi , Geng Fang , Deng Qianchun , Huang Fenghong , Wang Jinqiu
Published: January 2019

Background and objectives

The changes in polar metabolites and volatiles in sesame seeds during roasting were analyzed to provide new information for the formation mechanism of sesame oil aroma.

Findings

The results showed that the typical sesame aroma components, heterocyclic compounds, increased with the extension of the roasting time and reached 43.78% at 12 min. However, the proportion of aliphatics and terpenoids decreased with the roasting time. In addition, the main polar metabolites in sesame seeds, free amino acids and monosaccharides, continually decreased from 497.14 μg/g and 268.85 μg/g in raw seeds to 144.59 μg/g and 7.52 μg/g in 12‐min roasted seeds, respectively.

Conclusions

Based on the changes in specific polar metabolites and volatile compounds, it could be inferred that pyrazines mainly generated through Maillard reaction with Ala and glucose as the possible primary substrates. While S‐heterocycles might be mainly formed through the thermal degradation of proteins and subsequent reactions.

Significance and novelty

The results of this study provide important information and new details for the aroma formation process of sesame seeds during roasting and would provide a reference for the study and optimization of sesame roasting and oil extraction processes, as well as the development of sesame seed products. In addition, relevant information can also provide clues for the artificial synthesis of sesame seed aroma components.
A Simple and Low‐Cost Method to Synthesize Cr‐Doped α‐Fe2O3 Electrode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Huan , Luo Shao‐hua , Zhang Dong‐xu , Hu Dong‐bei , Yi Ting‐Feng , Wang Zhi‐yuan , Zhang Ya‐hui , Liu Yan‐guo , Wang Qing , Hao Ai‐min , Liu Xuan‐wen , Guo Rui
Published: January 2019

Chromium‐doped α‐Fe2O3 samples are successfully synthesized by using a ball‐milling‐assisted rheological phase method combined with heat treatment. The electronic properties of undoped α‐Fe2O3 and 4.0 at % Cr‐doped α‐Fe2O3 are investigated by first‐principles calculations. The calculation results show that Cr doping can reduce the band gap and impurity levels that appear in the band gap. The structure and morphology of the samples are evaluated by X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The Cr‐doped α‐Fe2O3 electrode delivers a higher reversible capacity and outstanding rate capability as the anode of a lithium‐ion battery compared with the undoped α‐Fe2O3 electrode. The initial discharge/charge capacities of the 4.0 at % Cr‐doped α‐Fe2O3 electrode can reach 1624/1065.9 mAh g−1, respectively, and exhibit an excellent reversible capacity of 971.3 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g−1. Even after 200 cycles, the capacity can remain as high as 758.1 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, far beyond than that of the undoped α‐Fe2O3 electrode (376.5 mAh g−1).
Spin–Spin Coupling Between Two meta‐Benzyne Moieties In a Quinolinium Tetraradical Cation Increases Their Reactivities
Authors: Kotha Raghavendhar R. , Yerabolu Ravikiran , Ding Duanchen , Szalwinski Lucas , Ma Xin , Wittrig Ashley , Kong John , Nash John J. , Kenttämaa Hilkka I.
Published: January 2019

The reactivity of a carbon‐centered σ,σ,σ,σ‐type singlet‐ground‐state tetraradical containing two meta‐benzyne moieties was examined in the gas phase. Surprisingly, the tetraradical showed higher reactivity than its individual meta‐benzyne counterparts. The reactivity of meta‐benzynes is controlled by their (calculated) distortion energy ΔE2.3, singlet–triplet spitting ΔES–T, and electron affinity (EA2.3) of the meta‐benzyne moiety at the transition state geometry for hydrogen‐atom abstraction reactions. The addition of a second meta‐benzyne moiety to a meta‐benzyne does not significantly change EA2.3. However, ΔE2.3 is substantially decreased for both meta‐benzyne moieties in the tetraradical, and this explains their higher reactivities. The decrease in ΔE2.3 for each meta‐benzyne moiety in the tetraradical is rationalized by stabilizing spin–spin coupling between one radical site in each meta‐benzyne moiety. Therefore, spin–spin coupling between the meta‐benzyne moieties in this tetraradical increases its reactivity, whereas spin–spin coupling within each meta‐benzyne moiety decreases its reactivity.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Single Ascending Doses of ELX‐02, a Potential Treatment for Genetic Disorders Caused by Nonsense Mutations, in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Leubitz Andi , Frydman‐Marom Anat , Sharpe Neal , van Duzer John , Campbell Kathleen C.M. , Vanhoutte Frédéric
Published: January 2019

ELX‐02 is an investigational synthetic eukaryotic ribosome–selective glycoside optimized as a translational read‐through molecule that induces read through of nonsense mutations, resulting in normally localized full‐length functional proteins. ELX‐02 is being developed as a therapy for genetic diseases caused by nonsense mutations. Two phase 1a, randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled, single‐ascending‐dose studies were conducted in healthy human subjects to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of ELX‐02. Single subcutaneously injected doses of ELX‐02 between 0.3 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg showed an acceptable safety profile without severe or serious drug‐related adverse events, including a lack of renal and ototoxicity events. Injection of ELX‐02 resulted in a rapid time to peak concentration and elimination phase, with complete elimination from the vascular compartment within 10 hours. ELX‐02 area under the concentration‐time curve to infinity showed dose‐exposure linearity (24‐fold increase for a 25‐fold dose increase), and the maximum concentration showed dose proportionality (17‐fold increase for a 25‐fold increase). The mean apparent volume of distribution was dose dependent, suggesting an increased distribution and tissue uptake of ELX‐02 at higher doses. The primary route of excretion was in the urine, with the majority of the compound excreted unchanged. These results support the evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of repeat dosing in future studies.
The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Biomarkers Consortium: Past Accomplishments and New Strategic Direction
Authors: Menetski Joseph P. , Hoffmann Steven C. , Cush Stephanie S. , Kamphaus Tania Nayak , Austin Christopher P. , Herrling Paul L. , Wagner John A.
Published: January 2019

The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Biomarkers Consortium (BC) is a public–private partnership that aims to facilitate drug development with biomarkers across a range of therapeutic areas. The BC is organized to address specific precompetitive biomarker projects, giving participating stakeholders a role in the design and conduct of projects and making the results freely public. Ultimately, the goals of the BC are to accelerate the development of new medicines, inform regulatory decision making, and improve patient care. Here, we describe how the BC works and briefly highlight its accomplishments. The BC has had many notable successful biomarker projects in the past 12 years, including I‐SPY2, which has improved clinical trials and biomarker use for breast cancer, and an evidentiary framework for biomarker qualification. Recently, the BC has undergone a strategic expansion of its scope to include related drug development tools along the lines of the Biomarkers, Endpoints, and other Tools (BEST) resource.
Effect of induction therapy with lenalidomide, doxorubicin and dexamethasone on bone remodeling and angiogenesis in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Terpos Evangelos , Katodritou Eirini , Symeonidis Argiris , Zagouri Flora , Gerofotis Antonis , Christopoulou Georgia , Gavriatopoulou Maria , Christoulas Dimitrios , Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos Ioannis , Kourakli Alexandra , Konstantinidou Pavlina , Kastritis Efstathios , Dimopoulos Meletios A.
Published: January 2019

There is limited data regarding the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide, adriamycin and dexamethasone (RAD) combination on newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. There is also scarce information about the effect of lenalidomide on bone metabolism and angiogenesis in NDMM. Thus, we conducted a Phase 2 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RAD regimen as induction in transplant‐eligible NDMM patients and we studied the effects on bone metabolism and angiogenesis. A total of 45 patients were enrolled. Following four cycles of RAD, the overall response rate was 66.7% and after a median follow up of 29.1 months (range 21.0–34.9), the median survival outcomes have not been reached yet. RAD had a favorable toxicity profile and did not impair stem cell collection. RAD significantly reduced bone resorption markers CTX (p = 0.03) and TRACP‐5b (p < 0.01). Interestingly, RAD also increased bone formation markers bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.036), procollagen type 1 amino‐terminal propeptide (p = 0.028) and osteocalcin (p = 0.026), which has not been described before with lenalidomide‐containing regimens in the absence of bortezomib coadministration. Furthermore, the angiogenic cytokines VEGF (p = 0.01), angiogenin (p = 0.02) and bFGF (p < 0.01) were significantly reduced post‐RAD induction. Our results suggest that RAD is an effective induction regimen before autologous stem cell transplantation with beneficial effects on bone metabolism and angiogenesis.
Combination of bioactive factors and IEIK13 self‐assembling peptide hydrogel promotes cartilage matrix production by human nasal chondrocytes
Authors: Dufour Alexandre , Buffier Marie , Vertu‐Ciolino Delphine , Disant François , Mallein‐Gerin Frédéric , Perrier‐Groult Emeline
Published: January 2019

Nasal reconstruction remains a challenge for every reconstructive surgeon. Alloplastic implants are proposed to repair nasal cartilaginous defects but they are often associated with high rates of extrusion and infection and poor biocompatibility. In this context, a porous polymeric scaffold filled with an autologous cartilage gel would be advantageous. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of IEIK13 self‐assembling peptide (SAP) to serve as support to form such cartilage gel. Human nasal chondrocytes (HNC) were first amplified with FGF‐2 and insulin, and then redifferentiated in IEIK13 with BMP‐2, insulin, and T3 (BIT). Our results demonstrate that IEIK13 fosters HNC growth and survival. HNC phenotype was assessed by RT‐PCR analysis and neo‐synthesized extracellular matrix was characterized by western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. BIT‐treated cells embedded in IEIK13 displayed round morphology and expressed cartilage‐specific markers such as type II and type IX collagens and aggrecan. In addition, we did not detect significant production of type I and type X collagens and gene products of dedifferentiated and hypertrophic chondrocytes that are unwanted in hyaline cartilage. The whole of these results indicates that the SAP IEIK13 represents a suitable support for hydrogel‐based tissue engineering of nasal cartilage. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 893–903, 2019.
Biocatalytic Reduction of 2‐Monosubstituted 3‐Thiazolines Using Imine Reductases
Authors: Zumbrägel Nadine , Wagner Karla , Weißing Nils , Gröger Harald
Published: January 2019

The application of a straightforward biocatalytic technology for the reduction of racemic 2‐monosubstituted 3‐thiazolines, which are easily prepared via Asinger‐multicomponent reaction, is reported. The biocatalytic reduction yields racemic 2‐monosubstituted 3‐thiazolidines, which are difficult to be prepared by means of classic chemical routes, in moderate to high yields. Moreover, our study clarifies the stereochemical reaction course of the biocatalytic reduction. Furthermore, the efficiency of this biocatalytic technology is demonstrated in an experiment at an elevated substrate concentration of 60 mM leading to 96% conversion.
Postnatal Ultrasound to Determine the Surgical Strategy for Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Hosokawa Takahiro , Yamada Yoshitake , Takahashi Hiroaki , Tanami Yutaka , Sato Yumiko , Ishimaru Tetsuya , Tanaka Yujiro , Kawashima Hiroshi , Hosokawa Mayumi , Oguma Eiji
Published: January 2019

Objectives

To compare defect sizes in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) measured by postnatal ultrasound (US) between neonates who underwent thoracoscopic surgery and neonates who underwent open surgery and between neonates who underwent primary repair and those who underwent patch repair; additionally, to compare the accuracy of US diagnosis with that of surgical diagnosis for the location of the diaphragmatic hernia and the hernial contents.

Methods

We included 8 neonates who underwent preoperative US evaluations of CDH. We compared anterior‐to‐posterior diaphragm defect sizes between thoracoscopic and open surgery approaches and between primary and patch repair by using the Mann‐Whitney U test. The diaphragm was divided into 3 segments: anterior, lateral, and posterior. We evaluated the location of the diaphragmatic hernia and the hernial contents.

Results

Four neonates who underwent open surgery had larger diaphragmatic hernias than those who underwent thoracoscopic surgery (mean ± SD, 30.5 ± 5.6 versus 16.3 ± 3.3 mm; P = .030). They were also larger in neonates who underwent patch repair than in those who underwent primary repair (33.0 ± 3.0 versus 17.6 ± 4.2 mm; P = .037). Detection of anterior and lateral diaphragm segments was consistent between US and surgical findings. Three of 4 neonates who underwent open surgery and all 3 neonates who underwent patch repair did not show the lateral segment. The hernial contents were also consistent between US and surgical findings.

Conclusions

Postnatal US examinations of neonates with CDH could provide surgeons with useful information to determine the surgical approach and repair method. However, since our study cohort was small, further studies are needed with a larger number of neonates with CDH.
Okay, Google!: An empirical study on voice assistants on consumer engagement and loyalty
Authors: Moriuchi Emi
Published: January 2019

E‐commerce shopping has gradually become a norm in consumers’ choice of shopping channel and part of this shopping process is aided by advance technologies including voice assistants (VA). There is a variety of artificial intelligence that is being developed in the market currently, and one of which has gradually gained its presence or information acquisition is the VA. In this paper, we propose a model that investigates the technology acceptance model constructs (perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness) and its effect on the engagement and loyalty between VA and consumers. Our model also investigates the moderating role of localizing VA between transactional and nontransactional based online activities. This study highlights the implication of technology integration in an e‐commerce environment.
Armed conflict and the increasing use of child soldiers in the Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, and South Sudan: Implications for regional security
Authors: Mlambo Victor H. , Mpanza Siphesihle , Mlambo Daniel N.
Published: January 2019

The use of child soldiers has been increasing in the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan, and the Central African Republic. To understand the implications of this on regional security, the study employed a strict textual analysis of the relevant literature on the use of child soldiers in these countries. The study found that the limited protection of refugee camps, poverty, and kidnappings are the major factors contributing to the recruitment of child soldiers. Moreover, the conflict over resources and that of religious differences has torn families apart and increase population displacement in these countries. The study concluded that the conflicts in these countries have not received the attention they deserve and although the United Nations has intervened, the lack of attention by the African Union and state governments means the problem will only escalate, threatening the livelihoods of children and regional security altogether.
Preparation and properties of novel fluorosilicone thermoplastic vulcanizate with cross‐linking–controlled core‐shell structure
Authors: Wang Yanpeng , Tang Yuan , Ren Yanrong , Ding Tao , Chen Yukun
Published: January 2019

A new fluorosilicone thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), silicone rubber (SR), and fluororubber (FKM) was successfully prepared through dynamic vulcanization. The morphological structure of the TPVs had core‐shell elastomer particles dispersed in a continuous PVDF matrix. Furthermore, the cross‐linking of core‐shell structure was controlled by adopting different curing agent. The effect of cross‐linking–controlled core‐shell structure on the morphology, crystallization behavior, stress relaxation test, solvent‐resistant properties of the obtained TPVs were investigated. It was found that the shell cross‐link had a significant influence on the crystallinity of the PVDF phase. The core‐shell bicross‐linked TPV was found to provide the lowest rate of relaxation. An obvious stress softening phenomenon was observed in the uniaxial loading‐unloading cycles in tension. The bicross‐linked TPV had good solvent resistant properties. The tensile strength of the bicross‐linked TPV was still 12 MPa even after immersed in butyl acetate for 48 hours.
Isosorbide‐based polysebacates as polymeric components for development of in situ forming implants
Authors: Śmiga‐Matuszowicz Monika , Korytkowska‐Wałach Anna , Nowak Bożena
Published: January 2019

In situ forming implants (ISFIs) appear to be a convenient drug delivery system, alternative to conventional preformed implants and microparticles for parenteral drug delivery applications. It has been shown that they offer several advantages including easy and minimally invasive application, potential for local/site‐specific drug delivery that allows reduction of side effects associated with systemic administration of drug. A few ISFI formulations based on poly(α‐hydroxy acids), solidifying by solid phase separation, are currently commercially available. In this work, polyesters based on sebacic acid, isosorbide, and optionally 1,2‐propanediol were synthesized and characterized. Poly(isosorbide sebacate‐co‐1,2‐propylene sebacate) (PISEBPG) was chosen as an essential constituent of new ISFI formulations dedicated to controlled release of doxycycline hyclate (DOXY). Basic characteristics of new ISFI formulations were investigated. In particular, the influence of addition of a relatively hydrophobic cosolvent (triacetin, TA) to a more hydrophilic 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) as well as the presence of calcium carbonate (CAC) on the morphology of resulted depots and DOXY release profile was evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the presence of TA resulted in more porous morphology of the depots. DOXY has been releasing continuously from depots in vitro within 12 weeks depending on the composition. The release profile of the PISEBPG‐based formulation containing CAC indicates that it could be useful where short‐term (up to 14 d), rapid release of the antibiotic is required, while formulation without CAC, where after 21 days about 50% of the drug loaded may still be available for release, may be better for the long‐term delivery of DOXY.
The best cutoff value of middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity for the diagnosis of fetal homozygous alpha thalassemia‐1 disease
Authors: Tongprasert Fuanglada , Srisupundit Kasemsri , Luewan Suchaya , Traisrisilp Kuntharee , Jatavan Phudit , Tongsong Theera
Published: January 2019

Objective

To determine the best cutoff value of middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA‐PSV) for the diagnosis of fetuses with homozygous alpha thalassemia‐1 disease.

Methods

Pregnancies at risk for fetal homozygous alpha thalassemia‐1 disease at 18 to 22 weeks were recruited. MCA‐PSV was measured before cordocentesis for hemoglobin typing and complete blood count. The performance of the MCA‐PSV for identifying affected fetuses was evaluated using a best cutoff value derived from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results

Among 142 fetuses at risk, 46 (32.4%) fetuses were diagnosed as affected by homozygous alpha thalassemia‐1 disease and were categorized as mild anemia (16.3%), moderate anemia (58.1%), and severe anemia (25.6%). With the best cutoff point of MCA‐PSV > 1.30 multiples of the median (MoM) or >30.0 cm/s, the sensitivity for predicting fetal homozygous alpha thalassemia‐1 was 100%.

Conclusions

MCA‐PSV > 1.30 MoM is the best cutoff value for the diagnosis of all degrees of fetal anemia from homozygous alpha thalassemia‐1 fetuses. Because of its simplicity for interpretation and high efficacy, a cutoff value of MCA‐PSV > 30 cm/s can also be used as an alternative marker for fetal anemia screening during 18 to 22 weeks of gestation.
Analysis of the Preserved Amino Acid Bias in Peptide Profiles of Iron Age Teeth from a Tropical Environment Enable Sexing of Individuals Using Amelogenin MRM
Authors: Wasinger Valerie C. , Curnoe Darren , Bustamante Sonia , Mendoza Raynold , Shoocongdej Rasmi , Adler Lewis , Baker Andy , Chintakanon Kanoknart , Boel Ceridwen , Tacon Paul S.C.
Published: January 2019

The first dental proteomic profile of Iron Age individuals (ca. 2000–1000 years B.P.), collected from the site of Long Long Rak rock shelter in northwest Thailand is described. A bias toward the preservation of the positively charged aromatic, and polar amino acids is observed. It is evident that the 212 proteins identified (2 peptide, FDR <1%) comprise a palimpsest of alterations that occurred both ante‐mortem and post‐mortem. Conservation of amino acids within the taphonomically resistant crystalline matrix enabled the identification of both X and Y chromosome linked amelogenin peptides. A novel multiple reaction monitoring method using the sex specific amelogenin protein isoforms is described and indicate the teeth are of male origin. Functional analysis shows an enrichment of pathways associated with metabolic disorders and shows a capacity for harboring these conditions prior to death. Stable isotope analysis using carbon isotopes highlights the strongly C3 based (≈80%) diet of the Long Long Rak cemetery people, which probably comprised rice combined with protein from freshwater fish among other food items. The combination of proteomics and stable isotope analysis provides a complementary strategy for assessing the demography, diet, lifestyle, and possible diseases experienced by ancient populations.
Mössbauer Effect Study of Superparamagnetic Behavior of ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles Formed in ZnO Doped with Fe2O3
Authors: Kopcewicz Michał , Grabias Agnieszka , Kuryliszyn‐Kudelska Izabela , Dobrowolski Witold
Published: January 2019

Superparamagnetic behavior of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles formed by doping ZnO with various content of α‐Fe2O3 is investigated by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements performed in a temperature range from 300 to 10 K. The nanoparticles were obtained by the hydrothermal synthesis with Fe2O3 doping ranging from 30 to 70 wt.%. The results are compared with the ZnO sample doped with 60% Fe2O3, prepared by the calcination method. At room temperature the Mössbauer spectra of all samples consist of a nonmagnetic component characteristic for Fe3+ ions in ZnFe2O4 spinel structure. Low temperature Mössbauer measurements of hydrothermally synthesized nanoparticles reveal appearance of a magnetically ordered spectral component at about 120 K for the sample doped with 70% Fe2O3 and below 30 K for all other compositions. The spectral contribution of the magnetic component increases gradually at decreasing temperature at the expense of the nonmagnetic component, indicating superparamagnetic relaxation of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. It is concluded that the spinel nanoparticles are significantly smaller in the samples obtained by the hydrothermal method than by the calcination one. The blocking temperature is found to decrease with decreasing content of Fe2O3 doping during preparation of the nanoparticles.
Rainbow matchings in Dirac bipartite graphs
Authors: Coulson Matthew , Perarnau Guillem
Published: January 2019

We show the existence of rainbow perfect matchings in μn‐bounded edge colorings of Dirac bipartite graphs, for a sufficiently small μ > 0. As an application of our results, we obtain several results on the existence of rainbow k‐factors in Dirac graphs and rainbow spanning subgraphs of bounded maximum degree on graphs with large minimum degree.
Bayesian hierarchical modeling of substate area estimates from the Medicare CAHPS survey
Authors: Cai Tianyi , Zaslavsky Alan M.
Published: January 2019

Each year, surveys are conducted to assess the quality of care for Medicare beneficiaries, using instruments from the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS®) program. Currently, survey measures presented for Fee‐for‐Service beneficiaries are either pooled at the state level or unpooled for smaller substate areas nested within the state; the choice in each state is based on statistical tests of measure heterogeneity across areas within state. We fit spatial‐temporal Bayesian random‐effects models using a flexible parameterization to estimate mean scores for each of the domains formed by 94 areas in 32 states measured over 5 years. A Bayesian hat matrix provides a heuristic interpretation of the way the model combines information for estimates in these domains. The model can be used to choose between reporting of state‐ or substate‐level direct estimates in each state, or as a source of alternative small‐area estimates superior to either direct estimate. We compare several candidate models using log pseudomarginal likelihood and posterior predictive checks. Results from the best‐performing model for 8 measures surveyed from 2012 to 2016 show substantial reductions in mean squared error (MSE) over direct estimates.
Modeling the spatial variability in the spread and correlation of childhood malnutrition in Nigeria
Authors: Gayawan Ezra , Adebayo Samson B. , Waldmann Elisabeth
Published: January 2019

The average nutritional status of children in Nigeria is, just as in most developing countries, still in an alarmingly bad condition. Prior studies have shown that this status relies on a series of different influences and can be measured by three anthropometric variables for stunting, wasting, and underweight. Different regression modeling techniques have been adopted over the years to explain the determinants and spatial clustering. Those indicators, however, show patterns that are not necessarily full filling requirements for ordinary regression models for the mean and are correlated among each other, a fact that has until now been ignored by most studies. Methods to model outcomes in the light of both, the whole distribution of and the correlation between two or more outcomes based on a set of covariates, have lately been developed. The aim of this paper is to make use of those methods to explain the underlying spatial structure in malnutrition in Nigeria. The study brings to limelight the pattern of spread as well as the interwoven relationships among childhood malnutrition indicators that would have otherwise remained unknown in Nigeria.
Light‐Induced Shape Morphing of Liquid Metal Nanodroplets Enabled by Polydopamine Coating
Authors: Gan Tiansheng , Shang Wenhui , Handschuh‐Wang Stephan , Zhou Xuechang
Published: January 2019

Shape morphing nanosystems have recently attracted much attention and a number of applications are developed, spanning from autonomous robotics to drug delivery. However, the fabrication of such nanosystems remains at an early stage owing to limited choices of strategies and materials. This work reports a facile method to fabricate liquid metal (LM) nanodroplets by sonication of bulk LM in an aqueous dopamine hydrochloride solution and their application in light‐induced shape morphing at the nanoscale. In this method, dopamine acts as a surfactant, which stabilizes the LM nanodroplets dispersion during the sonication, and results in downsizing of the nanodroplets. Furthermore, by adding 2‐amino‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1,3‐propanediol to the suspension, self‐polymerization of dopamine molecules occurs, resulting in the formation of polydopamine (PDA)‐coated LM nanodroplets. Owing to the high photothermal conversion of the PDA, PDA‐coated LM nanodroplets are transformed from spherical shapes to ellipsoids by NIR laser irradiation. This study paves a simple and reliable pathway for the preparation of functional LM nanodroplets and their application as shape‐morphing nanosystems.
The bioinformatics of the yeast genome—A historical perspective
Authors: Mewes Hans‐Werner
Published: January 2019

From 1989 to 1997, the yeast genome was sequenced by a worldwide international consortium initiated and conducted by André Goffeau (1935–2018). The article describes the pioneering collaboration of yeast scientists from a bioinformatics perspective. Indeed, the yeast genome has turned bioinformatics from an exotic hobby of few nerds into a discipline indispensable for answering biological questions using computational methods.
Reproductive Viability Analysis (RVA) as a new tool for ex situ population management
Authors: Bauman Karen , Sahrmann John , Franklin Ashley , Asa Cheryl , Agnew Mary , Traylor‐Holzer Kathy , Powell David
Published: January 2019

Many animal populations managed by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums’ (AZA) Species Survival Plans® (SSPs) have low rates of reproductive success. It is critical that individuals recommended to breed are successful to achieve genetic and demographic goals set by the SSP. Identifying factors that impact reproductive success can inform managers on best practices and improve demographic predictions. A Reproductive Viability Analysis (RVA) utilizes data gathered from Breeding and Transfer Plans, studbooks, and SSP documents, and through modeling identifies factors associated with reproductive success in a given species. Here, we describe the RVA process, including different statistical models with the highest accuracy for predicting reproductive success in fennec foxes (Vulpes zerda) and Mexican wolves (Canis lupus baileyi). Results from the RVA provide knowledge that can be used to make evidence‐based decisions about pairing and breeding strategies as well as improving reproductive success and population sustainability.
The past, present and future of the heavier electroweakinos in the light of LHC and other data
Authors: Datta Amitava , Ganguly Nabanita
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to showcase the novel multilepton "Image missing" signals, hitherto unexplored at the LHC, arising from the heavier electroweakinos, in several generic pMSSMs at the upcoming LHC experiments. We first briefly review our old constraints on the full electroweakino sector of these models, containing both lighter and heavier sparticles, using the ATLAS trilepton data from the LHC Run I. Next we derive new stronger constraints on this sector for the first time using the ATLAS Run II data. We identify some benchmark points and explore the prospect of observing multilepton events in future LHC experiments. Our focus is on the channels with n > 3 which are the hallmarks of the heavier electroweakinos. If the spectrum of the lighter electroweakinos is compressed, these signals might very well be the discovery channels of the electroweakinos at the high luminosity LHC. We also discuss the implications of the new LHC constraints for the observed dark matter relic density of the universe, the measured value of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon and the dark matter direct detection experiments.
Analysis of the two-dimensional dynamics of a Mach 1.6 shock wave/transitional boundary layer interaction using a RANS based resolvent approach
Authors: Bonne N. , Brion V. , Garnier E. , Bur R. , Molton P. , Sipp D. , Jacquin L.
Published: January 2019

A two-dimensional analysis of the resolvent spectrum of a Mach 1.6 transitional boundary layer impacted by an oblique shock wave is carried out. The investigation is based on a two-dimensional mean flow obtained by a RANS model that includes a transition criterion. The goal is to evaluate whether such a low cost RANS based resolvent approach is capable of describing the frequencies and physics involved in this transitional boundary layer/shock-wave interaction. Data from an experiment and a companion large eddy simulation (LES) are utilized as reference for the validation of the method. The flow is characterized by a laminar boundary layer upstream, a laminar separation bubble (LSB) in the interaction region and a turbulent boundary layer downstream. The flow exhibits low amplitude unsteadiness in the LSB and at the reflected shock wave with three particular oscillation frequencies, qualified as low, medium and high in reference to their range in Strouhal number, here based on free stream velocity and LSB length ($S_{t}=0.03{-}0.11$, 0.3–0.4 and 2–3 respectively). Through the resolvent analysis this dynamics is found to correspond to an amplifier behaviour of the flow. The resolvent responses match the averaged Fourier mode of the time dependent flow field, here described by the LES, with a close agreement in frequency and spatial distribution, thereby validating the resolvent approach. The low frequency dynamics relates to a pseudo-resonance process that sequentially implies the amplification in the separated shear layer of the LSB, an excitation of the shock foot and a backward travelling density wave. As this wave hits back the separation point the amplification in the shear layer starts again and loops. The medium and high frequency modes relate to the periodic expansion/reduction of the bubble and to the turbulent fluctuations at the reattachment point of the bubble, respectively.
Comparison of hit-and-run, slice sampler and random walk Metropolis
Authors: Rudolf Daniel , Ullrich Mario
Published: January 2019

Different Markov chains can be used for approximate sampling of a distribution given by an unnormalized density function with respect to the Lebesgue measure. The hit-and-run, (hybrid) slice sampler, and random walk Metropolis algorithm are popular tools to simulate such Markov chains. We develop a general approach to compare the efficiency of these sampling procedures by the use of a partial ordering of their Markov operators, the covariance ordering. In particular, we show that the hit-and-run and the simple slice sampler are more efficient than a hybrid slice sampler based on hit-and-run, which, itself, is more efficient than a (lazy) random walk Metropolis algorithm.
Preferential attachment graphs with co-existing types of different fitnesses
Authors: Jordan Jonathan
Published: January 2019

We extend the work of Antunović et al. (2016) on competing types in preferential attachment models to include cases where the types have different fitnesses, which may be either multiplicative or additive. We show that, depending on the values of the parameters of the models, there are different possible limiting behaviours depending on the zeros of a certain function. In particular, we show the existence of choices of the parameters where one type is favoured both by having higher fitness and by the type of attachment mechanism, but the other type has a positive probability of dominating the network in the limit.
On the critical threshold for continuum AB percolation
Authors: Dereudre David , Penrose Mathew
Published: January 2019

Consider a bipartite random geometric graph on the union of two independent homogeneous Poisson point processes in d-space, with distance parameter r and intensities λ,μ. For any λ>0 we consider the percolation threshold μc(λ) associated to the parameter μ. Denoting by λc the percolation threshold for the standard Poisson Boolean model with radii r, we show the lower bound μc(λ)≥clog(c∕(λ−λc)) for any λ>λc with c>0 a fixed constant. In particular, there is no phase transition in μ at the critical value of λ, that is, μc(λc) =∞.
Effective procedure of verifying stochastic ordering of system lifetimes
Authors: Rychlik Tomasz , Navarro Jorge , Rubio Rafael
Published: January 2019

The Samaniego signature is a relevant tool for studying the performance of a system whose component lifetimes are exchangeable. It is well known that the stochastic ordering of the signatures of two systems implies the same for the respective system lifetimes. We prove that the reverse claim is not true when the component lifetimes are independent and identically distributed. There exist small proportions of systems with stochastically ordered lifetimes whose signatures are not ordered. We present a simple procedure in order to check whether the system lifetimes are stochastically ordered even if their signatures are not comparable.
Some results on extension of maps and applications
Authors: Biasi Carlos , Libardi Alice K. M. , de Melo Thiago , dos Santos Edivaldo L.
Published: January 2019

This paper concerns extension of maps using obstruction theory under a non-classical viewpoint. It is given a classification of homotopy classes of maps and as an application it is presented a simple proof of a theorem by Adachi about equivalence of vector bundles. Also it is proved that, under certain conditions, two embeddings are homotopic up to surgery if and only if the respective normal bundles are SO-equivalent.
Creating a ‘monster’: the National Youth Service pre-university training programme, student activism and the Kenyan state, 1978–90
Authors: Melchiorre Luke
Published: January 2019

In May 1984, the Kenyan government of Daniel arap Moi introduced a National Youth Service pre-university training programme (NYSPUT) for prospective university students. The programme was designed to instil discipline in Kenyan university students and inculcate them with a sense of loyalty and commitment to the Moi regime prior to their arrival on campus. This article argues that, in practice, however, the scheme had unintended consequences: it served to alienate student recruits from the ruling party and helped radicalize a small but vocal group of student activists, who, when they arrived on campus, confronted the Moi state with some of its most defiant political challenges of the 1980s. Relying on extensive interviews with former student recruits and archival research, this article highlights the key role that the NYSPUT played in shaping Kenya's young generation of 1980s student activists, who represented one of the most united and militant student movements in the country's history.
‘Shama will not dance’: University of Khartoum politics, 1964–69
Authors: Glade Rebecca
Published: January 2019

In 1968, the Democratic Front organized a folkloric dance recital at the University of Khartoum as a prelude to the upcoming student union elections, a recital that was opposed by the Islamic Movement. This dispute culminated in a riot in which a student was killed, an event referred to as the ‘Ajakoincident’, which is discussed as the first recorded instance of inter-student violence at the university. Drawing on newspaper accounts from the time, secondary sources and first-hand interviews with participants, this article explores the clashing political and moral ideologies at stake within the University of Khartoum, and their links and affective power in relation to Khartoum politics more widely. In the process, it argues that the student political sphere did not simply function as a mirror to the wider political environment, but rather as a mobilizing ground for ideologically based parties, allowing more radical youth groups to influence national dialogues and put pressure on national political actors.