bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An ontology to bridge the clinical management of patients and public health responses: a framework for strengthening infectious disease surveillance (Preprint)
Authors: Lim Sachiko , Johansson Paul
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Novel surveillance approaches using digital technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT), have evolved, enhancing traditional infectious disease surveillance systems by enabling real-time detection of outbreaks and reaching a wider population. However, disparate, heterogenous infectious disease surveillance systems often operate in silos due to a lack of interoperability. As a life-changing clinical use case, the COVID-19 pandemic has manifested that a lack of interoperability can severely inhibit public health responses to emerging infectious diseases. Interoperability is thus critical for building a robust ecosystem of infectious disease surveillance and enhancing preparedness for future outbreaks. The primary enabler for semantic interoperability is an ontology.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to design the IoT-based management of infectious disease ontology (IoT-MIDO) to enhance data sharing and integration of data collected from IoT-driven patient health monitoring, clinical management of individual patients and disparate heterogeneous infectious diseases disease surveillance.

METHODS

The (IoT-MIDO) was developed using the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) as the top-level ontology. We reused the classes from existing BFO-based ontologies as much as possible to maximize the interoperability with other BFO-based ontologies and databases that rely on them. We formulated the competency questions as requirements for the ontology to achieve the intended goals.

RESULTS

We demonstrate five use cases using the simplified ontological models to show the potential applications of IoT-MIDO: 1) IoT-driven patient monitoring, risk assessment, early warning, and risk management; 2) clinical patient management of infectious diseases; 3) epidemic risk analysis for timely response at the public health level; 4) infectious disease surveillance; and 5) transforming patient information into surveillance information.

CONCLUSIONS

The development of the IoT-MIDO was driven by competency questions. Being able to answer all of the formulated competency questions, we successfully demonstrated that our ontology has the potential to facilitate data sharing and integration for orchestrating IoT-driven patient health monitoring in the context of an infectious disease epidemic, clinical patient management, infectious disease surveillance and epidemic risk analysis. The novelty and uniqueness of the ontological model lie in building a bridge to link IoT-based individual patient monitoring and early warning based on patient risk assessment to infectious disease epidemic surveillance at the public health level. The ontology can also serve as a starting point to enable potential decision support systems to support public health organisations and practitioners.
Digital peer-supported self-management, co-designed by people living with Long COVID: a mixed methods proof-of-concept study (Preprint)
Authors: Wright Hayley , Turner Andy , Ennis Stuart , Percy Carol , Loftus Garry , Clyne Wendy , Matouskova Gabriela , Martin Faith
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

There are around 1.3million people in the UK living with the devastating psychological, physical and cognitive consequences of Long COVID. UK guidelines recommend that Long COVID symptoms are managed pragmatically with holistic support for patients’ biopsychosocial needs, including psychological, emotional, and physical health. Self-management strategies such as pacing, prioritisation, and goal setting are vital for the self-management of many Long COVID symptoms. This paper describes the co-development and initial testing of a digital intervention combining peer support with positive psychology approaches for self-managing the physical, emotional, psychological, and cognitive challenges associated with Long COVID.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this study were to: i) co-design an intervention with and for people living with Long COVID; ii) test the intervention and study methods; iii) measure changes in participant wellbeing, self-efficacy, fatigue and loneliness; iv) gain understand the types of self-management goals and strategies used by people living with Long COVID.

METHODS

The study employed a pre-post, mixed methods, pragmatic, uncontrolled design. Digital intervention content was co-developed with a lived experience group to meet the needs uncovered during the intervention development and logic mapping phase. The resulting 8-week digital intervention – Hope Programme for Long COVID – was attended by 47 participants, who completed pre- and post-programme measures of wellbeing, self-efficacy, fatigue and loneliness. Goal-setting data was extracted from the digital platform at the end of the intervention.

RESULTS

The recruitment rate (83.9%) and follow up rate of (59.6%) were encouraging. Positive mental wellbeing increased by 6.5 points from baseline to post-course (p<.001). Self-efficacy also improved from baseline to post-course (mean difference 1.1, p=.009). All goals set by participants mapped onto the five goal-directed everyday self-management strategies in the TEDSS taxonomy. The most frequent type of goals related to activities strategies, followed by health behaviour and internal strategies.

CONCLUSIONS

The bespoke self-management intervention -Hope Programme for Long COVID – was well-attended and follow up was encouraging. The sample characteristics largely mirrored those of the wider UK population living with Long COVID. Our next trial (ISRCTN: 11868601) will employ a non-randomised waitlist control design to further examine intervention efficacy.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
The post Roe political landscape demands a morality of caution for women’s health research (Preprint)
Authors: Goodday Sarah , Karlin Daniel , Suver Christine , Friend Stephen
Published: July 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

The recent Dobbs decision and current political landscape surrounding abortion rights in the United States has the potential to dramatically disrupt progress in women’s health research. The typical safeguards to ensure confidentiality and privacy of research participants may not hold against criminal investigations surrounding suspected pregnancy terminations. This puts women participating in health research that collects sensitive reproductive information at an increased risk of having this information being used against them by some states or other individuals. There are additional risks to women participating in women’s digital health research studies involving the use of wearable devices capable of tracking physiological measures such as body temperature and heart rate as these have shown promise for tracking conception and could be used to identify pregnancy termination signatures. There are strategies researchers can take to protect the safety of female participants in reproductive health research, while also maintaining integrity of research methods. Here, we discuss potential strategies, and invite others to join this discussion so as not let the current political landscape impede progress in women’s health research, while also protecting research participants.
Leadership Qualities and Sustainable Competitive Advantage: AnalyzingSmall and Medium-Sized Businesses in Erbil
Authors: Hussein Bikhtiyar
Published: July 2022

This article seeks to investigate the connection between leadership qualities and sustainable competitive advantage. The research was conducted at small and medium-sized businesses in Erbil. This study assessed the influence of leadership qualities (behaviour-focused strategies, natural reward strategies, and constructive thought patterns) on small and medium-sized firms' sustainable competitive advantage. The researchers employed basic regression analysis to determine the impact of each independent variable on small and medium-sized businesses' sustained competitive advantage in the Erbil City of Kurdistan. There were a total of 280 questionnaires sent, but only 228 individuals accurately filled them out. The findings suggested that behaviour-focused strategies as a leadership quality on sustainable competitive advantage had the largest effect, while constructive thinking
The real reasons for choosing bushing fiber (Luffa cylindrica): A bibliographic review
Authors: Ferreira Deolinda Lucianne , Coelho Ane Micheele Rodrigues , Gonçalves Cláudio , Neves Edivan , Silva Darío da , Mourão Andreza Bastos
Published: July 2022

Growing environmental issues and the search for alternatives to synthetic fibers have led to the development of composite materials made from natural fibers. Luffa Cylindrica has an important prominence in scientific research due to its properties presenting excellent results for the use of reinforcement in matrices. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of bushing fiber based on scientific articles. The publications were selected from a search in the databases, CAPES Periodicals, Scielo and Google Scholar, from 2003 to 2021. Thirty-three works were selected that deal with the properties of Luffa Cylindrica, with twelve articles from the years of 2017 to 2021. It was concluded, with this review, that Luffa Cylindrica encompasses ideal qualities for use as reinforcement of composite materials, as it abundant in nature, low cost and low weight, is non-toxic and has physical and chemical stability.
The Blending of Architectural Context and Clothing Art in Set of Etiquette System
Authors: Yao Yu , Lu Yuye
Published: July 2022

The culture of the Confucian "set of etiquette" has always had an impact on the development of Chinese traditional art. All dynasties placed a high value on the hierarchy of superiority and inferiority, which is reflected in ancient architectural and clothing art. Ancient architectural art and ancient clothing art are two distinct art forms, but they share some similarities in terms of design thought and layout structure. Architectural art and clothing art share artistic characteristics of the times, especially when influenced by the architectural context and set of etiquette. It also strictly adheres to the order of hierarchy in the standardization of art. The roof level of buildings and the crown shape of clothing are not only complementary, but also suggest people's reverence for heaven and earth. Architecture and clothing have evolved in tandem over the course of history.
A Review on Flow Injection Analysis for Indirect Determination of Cyanide ion in Environment by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer
Authors: Khalid Hawraz Sami , Shawket Sirwan Fadhil , Fakhre Nabil Adil
Published: July 2022

Among inorganic anions, cyanide is a potent toxicant in environment. Its species are historically known as the most harmful chemical pollutants of the environment to directly affect human health and some aquatics activity, even at minimum levels. Cyanide compounds are widely available with various chemical compositions and are applied in many industrial fields. This mini-review focused on the cyanide species and their measurement utilizing several analytical techniques. Detailed information on an indirectly determined cyanide species in various environmental samples was also reviewed using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer equipped with a flow injection system (FIA-FAAS). Obtained various analytical performance properties of an indirectly measured free cyanide ion in various samples using FAAS investigated from this study.
Métodos alternativos de solución de conflictos y la mediación penal en materia de protección de menores
Authors: Abad Arenas Encarnación
Published: July 2022

The antecedents of mediation are studied as a response to restorative justice in relation to criminal behavior and its subsequent extrapolation to Spain. Likewise, a brief allusion is made to the different institutions that operate in Spain as Courts for minors and the repercussion that they had at the time. Finally, it is analyzed in accordance with the Organic Law in force 5/2000, of January 12, regulating the criminal responsibility of affected minors, are the subjects of the mediation, as well as the repercussion that the content established in this matter presents in articles 19 and 51 to the previous one the possibility of using mediation/conciliation.
Plataforma interactiva para enseñanza de estequiometria y estructura de compuestos químicos, mediante el uso de impresión 3D
Authors: Ramirez-Tagle Rodrigo , Pinto Edith , Angulo Carla
Published: July 2022

Las nuevas generaciones de la Era Digital tienen un lenguaje y manera de comunicarse interactivo y ágil. Es importante innovar en los métodos de enseñanza, y aprovechar las capacidades y habilidades que ellos poseen. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar una plataforma interactiva, implementada como sitio web , que pueda ser utilizada por estudiantes universitarios del área de la ingeniería y ciencias, para aprender la estequiometría de las reacciones, y comprender las estructuras de las moléculas químicas, mediante impresión 3D. La metodología consistió en dos trabajos principales: 1) el desarrollo de un software interactivo para formular reacciones químicas equilibradas, en formato para sitio web, y 2) el diseño en 3D de moléculas. Las moléculas fueron diseñadas de manera de ser autoexplicativas, utilizando como base moléculas diseñadas en el sitio web de libre uso MolView, y otras utilizando la Teoría de Repulsión de Pares de Electrones de Valencia (TREPEV). Se logró desarrollar una plataforma interactiva llamada “Química 3D”, en la cual se podrán formular todas las reacciones posibles, el estudiante ingresará los reactantes y productos de la reacción, y mediante un algoritmo se generarán tres alternativas de coeficientes estequiométricos, con una alternativa correcta. El estudiante debe escoger la alternativa correcta, para tener acceso para visualizar las moléculas en imagen con diseño 3D, y además descargar el archivo para impresora 3D Makerbot, y de esta manera comprender su geometría espacial y estructura.
Virtualización de clases presenciales en la universidad
Authors: Cabrera Coronel Amapola Mónica , Centurión de Gómez Noelia Susana , Mora Rojas Celso Obdulio
Published: July 2022

La pandemia de COVID-19 ha traído cambios sustanciales en los modos de vida y como parte fundamental de la transformación cultural, la educación no ha quedado fuera de la vorágine de adaptaciones a las nuevas formas de vida. El presente trabajo plantea la readecuación de la gestión académica de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (FCQ-UNA), mediante la creación del Aula Virtual 2020 como plataforma integradora que permitió dar continuidad de los procesos académicos de las siete carreras de grado ofertadas originalmente en modalidad únicamente presencial. Para su adecuada ejecución se han llevado a cabo capacitaciones dirigidas a docentes y estudiantes, que han sido encaradas con el objetivo del logro de competencias digitales en entornos virtuales de enseñanza aprendizaje. Se realizó un relevamiento de las percepciones de los docentes acerca de la modalidad implementada, cuyos resultados se presentan en el trabajo, con la finalidad de reportar la efectividad del sistema para el logro de los objetivos. Los resultados indican una alta satisfacción por parte de los docentes sobre las estrategias implementadas, las que han servido para dar un enfoque más dinámico, abierto y participativo a sus clases, tanto de teoría, prácticas de laboratorio y de resolución de problemas.
Experimental Study on Installation of Solar Panel above Industrial Junction House
Authors: Pandey Shambhu Kumar
Published: July 2022

Abstract: For promoting Renewable Energy (RE) sources, Government (state and / or central) has set targets of Renewable Power called as RPO (Renewable Power Obligations) to be fulfilled by all obligated entities. Steel industry is also an obligated entity as it consumes power from its own captive sources. To meet the RPO set targets as per Odisha Electricity Regulatory Commission (OERC) Gazette circular (2015), obligated entities will be required to generate and consume RE power from solar source and non-solar renewable sources a fixed percentage of total annual consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh) generated from captive power sources (CPP). In case, they are not able to meet this requirement, they have to purchase Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) as traded open in the Indian Energy Exchange (IEX) with floor price of solar REC, Rs. 3.5 per kWh.
Fog Computing: A Review
Authors: Gautam Monika , . Jyoti
Published: July 2022

Abstract: Fog computing provides different types of services & all these services are accessed through different AP (access points) or STB (set top boxes). The fog computing infrastructure provides different services close to client or user. In some way fog computing behaves similar to cloud computing. Both computing technologies provide application, storage, data and computing services to their registered clients. But fog computing provides services close to its end users as compared to cloud computing that provides services remotely. Also fog computing provides thick geographical distribution and having support for mobility. This paper provides literature review on Fog Computing Techniques.
HUBUNGAN KAUSALITAS ANTARA INFRASTRUKTUR, INVESTASI DAN PDRB PER KAPITA DI ACEH
Authors: Masdi Masdi , Iskandar Irham
Published: July 2022

Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kausalitas antara infrastruktur, investasi dan PDRB per kapita.Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan variabel adalah infrastruktur, investasi dan PDRB per kapita. Infrastruktur yang digunakan di sini adalah panjang jalan dalam satuan kilometer; investasi dibagi dua yaitu penanaman modal dalam negeri (PMDN) dalam satuan milyar rupiah dan penanaman modal luar negeri (PMLN) dalam satuan juta US$; Sedangkan PDRB yang digunakan adalah PDRB per kapita dalam satuan rupiah. Seluruh data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang berupa data runtut waktu selama periode 2006-2019.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, infrastruktur, PMDN, PMLN dan PDRB per kapita tidak terdapat kausalitas, namun terdapat satu hubungan satu arah, yaitu PDRB per kapita mempengaruhi PMDN; kedua, uji kointegrasi melalui Johansen Co-Integration test menunjukkan bahwa tidak ditemukan kointegrasi; ketiga, impulse respon function dan forecast error variance decomposition menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap PMDN dan PDRB perkapita adalah infrastruktur, sedangkan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap PMLN adalah PMDN; keempat, hubungan variabel berdasarkan hasil uji analisis Granger-Causality yang didukung oleh analisis impulse respon function dan variance decomposition adalah PMDN dan PDRB per kapita berpengaruh langsung terhadap infrastruktur; PDRB per kapita dan infrastruktur berpengaruh langsung terhadap PMDN; PMDN berpengaruh tidak langsung (melalui PDRB per kapita dan infrastruktur) terhadap PMLN; dan infrastruktur berpengaruh langsung terhadap PDRB per kapita.
Bilateral Stroke in Geriatric – Role of Health Care Professionals – An Evidenced Analysis for to Be Redefined
Authors: Subramanian S.S.
Published: July 2022

An increasing longevity globally were recorded associated health complications, among geriatric population like falls, stroke, and were under researched. Health care records of subjects above 80 years and bilateral stroke with their prevalence, causes functional recovery were less reported. Hence this clinical presentation with evidenced strives to analyse unaddressed bilateral stroke with its prevalence, risk factors, causes along with functional pattern of recovery gets more significant. As an increasing longevity octogenarian subjects likely to develop bilateral stroke are more in coming years. Bilateral stroke were found to diminish quality of life and increase the level of dependency especially among geriatric subjects. Equally they were linked with longer hospitalization and higher mortality. Aims and objectives of this research were to analyse causes, prognosis and functional recovery among bilateral stroke. This research analysis for 3 years on an octogenarian subject who was obese, hypertensive, diabetic, hyperlipidemia. This longitudinal research were from June 2018 - May 2021. With family support, proper medical intervention, regular physiotherapy functional independence and cognition can be promoted even at the age of 90 years were key outcome, Findings of this research can be used to identify causes, treat them towards prevention and how to functionally accelerate recovery of bilateral stroke subjects in years to come. Also every effort should be driven positively irrespective of age, major thrust of this research.
Assessment of Total Phenolic Content, In-Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Α-Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Aerial Parts of Alhagimaurorum
Authors: Patel Divya , S.Lawrence Reena , Singh Shradhanjali , raj Amrita
Published: July 2022

Alhagimaurorum is a folklore medicinal plant and a member of family Leguminaceae, the present study investigates invitro antioxidant activity, in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity, α- amylase inhibitory activity and total phenolic content from the aerial parts of Alhagi maurorum. Ethanolic extract 50% v/v of the aerial part of Alhagi maurorum(AMEE) was obtained by hot percolation method at 600C. AMEE was subjected for liquid-liquid partitioning to obtain various fractions such as ethyl acetate (AMEA), chloroform (AMCF), methanol (AMMF) and aqueous (AMAF) fractions. The ethanolic extract AMEE and its fraction AMEA were subjected for total phenolic content, preliminary phytochemical screening, TLC-vitro antioxidant activity, in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity and α-amylase inhibitory activity. Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was used to estimate total phenolic content. DPPH was used to determine in-vitro antioxidant activity. Acarbose was used to determine α-amylase inhibition and anti-inflammatory activity of aerial part was investigated by protein denaturation method. Phytochemical analysis of extract and its fraction showed presence of major classes of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, flavonoids, steroids. Aerial parts of Alhagi maurorum were found to contain 4.049 mg/g and 4.053 mg/g of Gallic acid equivalent of total phenolic in ethanolic extract and its ethyl acetate fraction respectively. But exhibited moderate antioxidant activity. Determination of the type of α-amylase inhibition by these plant extract and its fraction could provide by successful use of plant chemicals as drug targets. The results showed that the in-vitro antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity and α-amylase inhibitory activity of plant extract and its fraction was 50± 76.8 significant. It was concluded that a vast number of pharmacological and medicinal properties of Alhagi species make these plants a desirable source for development of new drugs.
Formulation and Evaluation of in Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Anticoagulant Efficacy of Tulasi Oil – A Siddha Polyherbal Formulation
Authors: Yavanarani S. , Selvakumar R. , Sathiyabama M.
Published: July 2022

Inflammation is a normal defensive response to tissue damage caused by physical injury and harmful chemicals and currently, management of this condition is by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which have various adverse effects. Over activity of the coagulation cascade (hypercoagulation) increases the risk of thrombosis formation leading to thromboembolism which in turn leads to ischemia by blocking blood flow and damaging the organs. Siddha formulations afford an incredible improvement in medical practice against various metabolic and lifestyle disorders. Hence, the present study was to evaluate the preliminary phytochemicals and in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of Tulasi oil (TO) against the HRBC membrane stabilization assay, egg albumin denaturation assay and the in vitro anticoagulant analysis. Tulasi oil appears to contain chemical constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, phenols, proteins, anthocyanins and saponins. The concentration of 250 μg/ml of Tulasi oil has exhibited a maximum percentage of haemolysis (86.42 ± 0.25%) and albumin (protein) denaturation (81.15±0.82%) while the same concentration (250 μg/ml) of standard drug of hydrocortisone represented the haemolysis of 88.48 ± 0.33% and Diclofenac sodium showed 87.84±0.67 % of protein denaturation. For anticoagulant activity, the concentration of 20 mg/ml of tulasi oil showed maximum anti-coagulant activity of (1227 sec) and a minimum of 686 sec in 5 mg/ml. The standard drug EDTA and Sodium citrate showed better anti-coagulant activities of more than 30 minutes i,e., 2253 and 2156 minutes, respectively. The result of the work indicates that the polyherbal formulation of Tulasi oil has possessed remarkable in vitro anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant potential and can be applied as an alternative in the treatment of various inflammatory and cardiovascular complications.
The First Full-Genome Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Potential Recombinant Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 Isolated in China
Authors: Chen Hongjun , Guo Weiqiang , Xie Jia , Liu Jingyi , Qian Yingjuan , Jung Yong-Sam
Published: July 2022

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) is a virus of causing bovine
respiratory disease that poses significant threat to the cattle
industry. The prevalence of BHV-1 has recently increased in China.
However, information about the prevalent isolates is scarce. In this
study, we identified a novel strain of BHV-1, referred to as BHV SHJS,
isolated from nasal swabs of Holstein cows in 2020 of China. The genome
of BHV SHJS is 1,35,102 bp in length and is 99.64 % similar to that of
SP1777 (KM258883.1) strain. Mutations, insertions, or deletions mainly
occur in UL12, UL19, UL27, UL37, UL42, UL44, UL46, UL47, US6, US7, and
US8 relative to the different genomic coordinates. Phylogenetic analyses
of immunogenic proteins (gB, gC, and gD) revealed that BHV SHJS and
other China outbreak strains were displayed on different branches with
commonly used vaccine strains. Recombination analysis shown that BHV
SHJS could persist even with BoviShield IBR MLV and Arsenal IBR MLV
vaccines, suggesting that these vaccines should not completely prevent
BHV SHJS infection. These analyses partially explain why the vaccines
only partially protect against BHV-1 outbreaks in China. In conclusion,
we identified a novel and potential recombinant BHV-1 strain and for the
first time characterized BHV-1 genome with a different evolutionary
origin from that of known strains prevalent in China. This study will
enrich our knowledge regarding BHV outbreak strains in China and
contribute to the prevention and pathogenic studies of BHV-1.
Integral projection model reveals differences in individual growth performance and body mass distributions in response to three different rations in a large aquaculture experiment
Authors: Johne Alexandra , Carter Chris , Wotherspoon Simon , Hadley Scott , Symonds Jane , Walker Seumas , Blanchard Julia
Published: July 2022

Fed aquaculture is one of the fastest growing and most valuable food
production industries. The efficiency with which farmed fish convert
feed into biomass influences both environmental impact and economic
revenue. Salmonid species, such as king salmon (Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha), exhibit high levels of plasticity in vital rates such as
feed intake and growth rates. Accurate estimations of individual
variability in vital rates are important for production management. The
use of mean trait values to evaluate feeding and growth performance can
mask individual-level differences that potentially contribute to
inefficiencies. Here, we apply an integral projection model (IPM) to
investigate individual variation in growth performance of 1625
individually tagged king salmon fed one of three distinct rations and
tracked over 276 days. To capture the observed sigmoidal growth, we
compared a non-linear mixed-effects (logistic) model to a linear
regression model used within the IPM framework. Ration significantly
influenced several aspects of growth. Mean final body mass and mean
growth rate increased with ration, however, variance in body mass and
feed intake also increased significantly over time. Trends in body mass
mean and variance were captured by both logistic and linear models,
suggesting the linear model to be suitable for use in the IPM. Higher
rations resulted in a decreasing proportion of individuals reaching the
cohort’s mean size or larger by the end of the experiment. This suggests
that, in our trial, feeding to satiation did not produce the desired
effects of efficient and uniform growth in juvenile king salmon. While
monitoring individuals through time is challenging in commercial
aquaculture settings, recent technological advances combined with an IPM
approach could provide new scope for tracking growth performance in
experimental and farmed populations. The IPM framework also allows the
exploration of other size-dependent processes affecting vital rate
functions, such as competition and mortality.
The sword of Damocles in global stability
Authors: Todorovic Milos , Kalinovic Milan
Published: July 2022

The subject of this paper is the causes and consequences of the Ukrainian
crisis. The armed conflict between the two Slavic peoples is a tragic
epilogue of decades of processes in the relations between Russia and the
United States. NATO's expansion to the east, despite the promises made, has
permanently exacerbated the conflict between the two leading military
powers. The aim of this research is to discover the essence and cause of the
conflict that led to armed actions as well as the theoretical foundation of
current geopolitical processes. The concepts of Western geopoliticians,
contained in the works of Mackinder and Spikeman, offer an explanation of
the ambitions and strategic goals of Anglo-Saxon geopolitics that have not
changed since the 19th century. The basic hypothesis is that the long-term
economic goals of the dominant geopolitical forces lie behind the Ukrainian
crisis. The evolution of Ukraine's geopolitical position, which has been
torn between East and West since independence, has been followed
chronologically. The permanent deterioration of relations with Russia will
eventually lead to an armed conflict. The consequences will be felt most by
Ukraine but also by Russia, on which unprecedented sanctions have been
imposed. However, there will also be consequences for the European Union,
which is deprived of Russian energy and raw materials, world stability, and
the overall world economy, which is significantly lowering growth rates. The
solution to the deepest political, economic, and military crisis since the
Second World War will be reached when the United States and Russia agree on
it, with or without the participation of Ukraine.
Impact of the -19 pandemic on the global role of the us
Authors: Gordanic Jelica
Published: July 2022

Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, Trump?s politics of unilateralism had cast a shadow on the global role and leadership of the US. The COVID-19 pandemic is the first global crisis since the Cold War in which the US has not led the global response. On the other hand, global actors, like China and Russia, have been using the pandemic as a strategic opportunity. Medical supply donations and vaccine diplomacy have become very important tools for China and Russia to improve their global role and influence. These states have enlarged their influence in the Balkans, Latin America, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific region and improved their position as global actors. The paper examines why the US lost its global role during the pandemic and what the Biden administration can do to regain global leadership. The author considers that Trump?s handling of the pandemic has created division and confusion rather than an effective strategy on a national and global level. The author concludes that embracing the multilateralism of the Biden administration is a necessary step forward. Rejoining the WHO, cooperating with COVAX and Gavi, and forming the Quad Vaccine Partnership may be the best strategies for the United States to reclaim its global role and leadership in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Early detection mechanism for Sybil attacks on wireless multimedia sensor networks
Authors: Patil Basavaraj , Biradar Sangappa Ramachandra
Published: July 2022

The rapid developments in wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) have
increased the demand for an efficient method of safeguarding multimedia data
from attackers. As data are transmitted over a wireless medium, the
authentication process needs to be provided with some efficient detection
and prevention methods. The Sybil attack is one of the most common and
involves replicating the identity of an original node in the network and
behaving like a true node in order to retrieve/destroy information using
this fake identity. An efficient enhanced random password comparison
technique is proposed to detect and prevent Sybil attacks. The results of
simulations indicate that the proposed method detects this type of attack
more efficiently than existing methods. In addition to early detection, our
application increases the throughput and reduces the average delay with an
enhanced true detection rate. The identification of this malicious activity
in its initial phases increases the efficiency of the system in terms of the
data transmission process.
Deficient Caveolin-1 Synthesis in Adipocytes Stimulates Systemic Insulin-Independent Glucose Uptake via Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Crewe Clair , Chen Shiuhwei , Bu Dawei , Gliniak Christy M. , Wernstedt Asterholm Ingrid , Yu Xin Xin , Joffin Nolwenn , de Souza Camila O. , Funcke Jan-Bernd , Oh Da Young , Varlamov Oleg , Robino Jacob J. , Gordillo Ruth , Scherer Philipp E.
Published: July 2022

Caveolin-1 (cav1) is an important structural and signaling component of plasma membrane invaginations called caveolae and is abundant in adipocytes. As previously reported, adipocyte-specific ablation of the cav1 gene (ad-cav1 knockout [KO] mouse) does not result in elimination of the protein, as cav1 protein traffics to adipocytes from neighboring endothelial cells. However, this mouse is a functional KO because adipocyte caveolar structures are depleted. Compared with controls, ad-cav1KO mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) display improved whole-body glucose clearance despite complete loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, blunted insulin-stimulated AKT activation in metabolic tissues, and partial lipodystrophy. The cause is increased insulin-independent glucose uptake by white adipose tissue (AT) and reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, HFD-fed ad-cav1KO mice display significant AT inflammation, fibrosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysregulated lipid metabolism. The glucose clearance phenotype of the ad-cav1KO mice is at least partially mediated by AT small extracellular vesicles (AT-sEVs). Injection of control mice with AT-sEVs from ad-cav1KO mice phenocopies ad-cav1KO characteristics. Interestingly, AT-sEVs from ad-cav1KO mice propagate the phenotype of the AT to the liver. These data indicate that ad-cav1 is essential for healthy adaptation of the AT to overnutrition and prevents aberrant propagation of negative phenotypes to other organs by EVs.
Relation of incident type 1 diabetes to recent COVID-19 infection: cohort study using e-health record linkage in Scotland
Authors: McKeigue Paul M , McGurnaghan Stuart , Blackbourn Luke , Bath Louise E , McAllister David A , Caparrotta Thomas M , Wild Sarah H , Wood Simon N , Stockton Diane , Colhoun Helen M
Published: July 2022

  

Objective – Studies using claims databases reported that SARS-CoV-2 infection >30 days earlier increased the incidence of type 1 diabetes. Using exact dates of diabetes diagnosis from the national register in Scotland linked to virology laboratory data we sought to replicate this finding. 

Research Design and Methods – A cohort of 1,849,411 individuals aged <35 years without diabetes, including all those in Scotland who subsequently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, was followed from 1 March 2020 to 22 November 2021. Incident type 1 diabetes was ascertained from the national registry. Using Cox regression we tested the association of time-updated infection with incident diabetes. Trends in incidence of type 1 diabetes in the population from 2015-2021 were also estimated in a generalised additive model. 

Results – There were 365,080 individuals who had at least one detected SARS-CoV-2 infection during follow-up and 1074 who developed type 1 diabetes. The rate ratio for incident type 1 diabetes associated with first positive test for SARS-CoV-2 (reference category: no previous infection) was 0.86 (95% CI 0.62 to 1.21) for infection > 30 days earlier and 2.62 (95% CI 1.81 to 3.78) for infection in the previous 30 days. However negative and positive SARS-CoV-2 tests were more frequent in the days surrounding diabetes presentation. In those aged 0-14 years incidence of type 1 diabetes during 2020-2021 was 20% higher than the 7-year average. 

Conclusions – Type 1 diabetes incidence in children increased during the pandemic. However the cohort analysis suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection itself was not the cause of this increase. 
Analytical Solution of a Multi-Winding Coil Problem With an Air Core in Spherical Coordinates
Authors: YILDIZ Hüseyin , UZAL Erol , ÇALIK Hüseyin
Published: July 2022

In this study, electromagnetic fields and mutual inductance of two interacting coils were computed analytically, and the results were compared with numerical solutions and measurements. For the analytical solution, the fields were expressed in spherical coordinates in each coil’s frame. The total field due to two coils was calculated using superposition, resulting in infinite series involving associated Legendre functions. The numerical computations were carried out by finite element analysis capabilities of ANSYS Maxwell. At the end, the self-inductances and the mutual inductance coefficients between the coils (which depend on the angle between the coils) were computed. The results (analytical, finite element method, and the measurements) were compared, obtaining good agreement for various relative positions of the coils.
Design and Optimisation of Microstrip Bowtie Antenna Based on Graphene Material for Terahertz Applications
Authors: M. MARHOON Hamzah
Published: July 2022

The developments of the wireless communications technology, the Terahertz (THz) frequency band of the electromagnetic spectrum becomes promising and recently has the researchers’ attention to be utilized in several applications such as medical, indoor communications for personal networks, and the military applications. The main issues in this frequency band are the construction of a compact, high-performance antenna design; as in this frequency band, the material properties for conduction decrease as the frequency increases, and therefore the performance of the antenna diminishes. In this paper, we propose a graphene-based bowtie microstrip antenna, the performance of the graphene material in the THz frequency band is analysed based on the finite integration of the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. The graphene-based bowtie patch printed on a silicon dioxide substrate with a fully copper ground plane printed on its bottom. The proposed graphene plasmonic bowtie antenna covers a range of 0.1-10 THz band frequency with good gain in the range of 2-19 dBi in the mentioned band.
Efecto de la incorporación de polialcoholes, fructooligosacáridos y péptidos antihipertensivos en un masmelo depositado
Authors: Sánchez Orozco Mike Douglas , Gomez Daza Juan Carlos , Giraldo Carlos Julian
Published: July 2022

Los masmelos tradicionales se elaboran con sacarosa y jarabe de glucosa, una opción para elaborar masmelos libres de sacarosa, saludables y con componentes funcionales, es el uso de polialcoholes, fructooligosacáridos (FOS) y péptidos antihipertensivos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la inclusión de Nutraflora® (FOS), maltitol (M), jarabe de sorbitol (JS) y péptidos antihipertensivos en un masmelo, sobre el módulo elástico (ME) de los prototipos elaborados. Para esto, se planteó un arreglo factorial (AF) 3x2² sobre el ME de los prototipos, también, un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) para comparar un masmelo control y uno de mezclas de vértices extremos (DMVE) para optimizar la formulación. Finalmente, se determinó el perfil de textura (TPA) del masmelo desarrollado. Las proporciones de polialcoholes en el AF y el DCA causaron efecto sobre el ME (p<0.05). El DMVE determinó las proporciones correspondientes de 8.45% de FOS; 46.55% de M y 25% de JS. El modelo de regresión obtuvo un r² = 93.60, r² (ajustado) = 90.40 y un r² (predicción) = 80.03.
Analysis of Sterols in Human T Helper Cells
Authors:   , Yutuc Eylan
Published: July 2022

Oxysterols are oxidised cholesterol species which can be in the form of one or more hydroxyl, carbonyl, epoxide and carboxylic acid of cholesterol and its precursors. They are intermediates in bile acid and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway and were initially thought not to have any biological activity but now emerged to have roles in lipid homeostasis, embryonic development and immunity. Specifically, activation of macrophages leads to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) production which contributes to suppression of viral entry and replication. In addition, 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-DiHC) has been identified as a ligand for Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 which influences B-cell migration and function. Key to coordinating effective immune responses are CD4 T cells. However, studies involving these cells and oxysterols are currently limited, especially in human CD4+ T cells. Moreover, there are currently no optimised mass spectrometry methods for sterol analysis of T cells. This study was inspired with the identification of autoimmune-associated TH17 cells and sterol ligand-activated RORγt as its master regulator, prompting a need for a method in analysing sterols in T cells. Here, in vitro cultures of cells isolated from healthy human donors were utilised to study and profile CD4+ T cell sterol production using an enzyme assisted derivatisation method and HPLC-ESI-MSn analysis. The function of the produced sterols and the mechanisms of production were also investigated using inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and downstream T cell receptor signalling. In addition, different subsets of CD4 T cells were also screened for sterols to link sterol production and immune function. Several oxysterols were detected in activated CD4+ T cells, including 25-HC, 7α,25-DiHC and 24S,25-epoxycholesterol (24S,25-EC), which increases with time but were absent in resting cells. The production of 25HC was seen to be unaffected by suppression of cholesterol biosynthesis compared to 24S,25-EC. Activation of CD4+ T cells stimulates several intracellular signalling pathways, and the PKC and MAPK pathways were found to have most influence in sterol production. However, the relationship between interferon and 25-HC in human CD4+ T cells was not observed in the current study. Lastly, differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells towards the Treg-polarising conditions saw increased production of 7α,24S,25-trihydroxycholeterol not seen in either TH0- or TH2-polarising conditions. This study paves the way to progress the field of sterolomics and T cell immunology and to understand further the crosstalk between sterol metabolism and immune function.
Influence of Integrated Nutrient and Weed Management on Growth, Yield and Quality of Soybean
Authors:   Dept. of Agronomy, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema,  Nagaland (797 106), India, Apon M. , Nongmaithem D. ,   Dept. of Agronomy, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema,  Nagaland (797 106), India
Published: July 2022

A study was carried out at the experimental farm of School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema campus, dist. Nagaland, India during the Kharif season (June to October) of 2017 and 2018 to assess the influence of integrated nutrient and weed management on soybean growth, yield and quality. The split-plot design was used with three replications: three nutrient management treatments and five weed management treatments in the main-plot and sub-plot, respectively. The pooled results revealed that the application of 50% RDF+50% organic through Rhizobium+Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria recorded significantly lower weed density and weed dry weight. Plant height (46.12 cm), plant dry matter (10.00 g plant-1), number of pods plant-1 (53.97), seed yield (16.28 q ha-1), straw yield (22.69 q ha-1), oil content (18.70%) and protein content (38.10%) were recorded highest under 75% RDF+25% organic through FYM+Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria. All of the weed treatments recorded lower weed density and dry weight over the weedy check significantly. Weed free treatment (hand weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS) gave highest seed yield (20.67 q ha-1) and straw yield (26.28 q ha-1). It was followed by propaquizafop @ 0.075 kg a.i. ha-1+hand weeding at 45 DAS and pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i. ha-1+hand weeding at 30 DAS. Weed free registered highest oil content (19.38%) and protein content (38.97%) which was statistically at par with propaquizafop @ 0.075 kg a.i. ha-1+hand weeding at 45 DAS and pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i. ha-1+hand weeding at 30 DAS.
Exploration of Risk Attitude of Vegetable Farmers in Kerala, India
Authors:   Dept. of Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural University, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala (695 522), India, Raj Navitha , Thomas Allan ,   Communication Centre, Kerala Agricultural University Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala (680 651), India
Published: July 2022

The study was conducted in Alappuzha, Thrissur, Palakkad and Idukki districts of Kerala, India during 2020–2021 to analyse the risk attitude of vegetable farmers. The study examined the personal and social characteristics of respondents and the association of these characteristics with risk attitude. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 270 vegetable farmers from 6 panchayats representing the Special Agricultural Zones for vegetables in Kerala. Collected data were analyzed using statistical methods like mean, Kruskal-Wallis test, correlation coefficient and multiple regressions. The study revealed that majority (74.07%) of the farmers belonged to a medium category of risk attitude. Majority (55.18%) of the farmers were in the age group of 35−55 years, 46.29% had gone up to middle school, 72.59% of the farmers had an area below 2.31 acres and 67.4% respondents were engaged in vegetable farming and allied works and 54.07% had economic water scarcity. It was noticed that majority of the respondents were in the low category in the case of vegetable farming experience (61.48%), annual income (55.56%), innovative proneness (56.67%), economic motivation (56.3%), extension participation (70%), social participation (94.44%) and high category with regard to credit orientation (53.7%). Correlation analysis revealed that variables area under vegetable cultivation, education, annual income, irrigation potential, extension participation, innovative proneness, economic motivation and social participation were positively and significantly corelated with risk attitude of respondents at 1% level and at 5% level. Regression analysis revealed that 60% of the variation in farmer risk attitude was explained by the independent variables.