bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive factors for effective selection of Interleukin-6 inhibitor and tumor necrosis factor inhibitor in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hayashi Shinya , Matsubara Tsukasa , Fukuda Koji , Funahashi Keiko , Hashimoto Marowa , Maeda Toshihisa , Kamenaga Tomoyuki , Takashima Yoshinori , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Niikura Takahiro , Kuroda Ryosuke
Published: October 2020

Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is aimed at long-term remission and inhibition of joint destruction by different biologic drugs. However, the choice of a particular biologic agent based on individual cases of RA remains unestablished. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor are common biologics used for the treatment of RA. This study aimed to investigate predictive factors for effective selection of tocilizumab (IL-6 inhibitor) and etanercept (TNF inhibitor) in patients with RA. This is a retrospective cohort study. The 196 patients analyzed in this study were divided into four groups: tocilizumab treatment as the first biologic group (TCZ first, 42 patients), tocilizumab as second/ third biologic group (TCZ second, 34 patients), etanercept as the first biologic group (ETN first, 103 patients) and etanercept as second/third group (ETN second, 17 patients). Visual analog scale (VAS), clinical disease activity index (CDAI), and modified health assessment questionnaire (mHAQ) scores at the initiation of biologic treatment and after 6 months of tocilizumab and etanercept therapy were measured and compared to clinical parameters and radiographical parameters among the four groups. CRP, MMP-3, VAS, CDAI, and HAQ were improved after 6 months of treatment in all groups. Improvement of clinical outcomes was correlated with CRP value, duration of RA, and Sharp scores at the initiation of treatment. Multivariate analysis demonstrated improvement in CDAI was significantly associated with the yearly progression of erosion according to the Sharp score in TCZ first group (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.03–2.07) and was negatively associated with the duration of RA (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.29–0.86) at the initiation of treatment with ETN first group. We identified the predictive factors for effective selection of tocilizumab and etanercept treatment and established the effectiveness of tocilizumab for the patients with rapid progressive joint erosion and etanercept for the early administration from diagnosis of RA.
Author Correction: Improving the efficacy of selenium fertilizers for wheat biofortification
Authors: Ramkissoon Chandnee , Degryse Fien , da Silva Rodrigo C. , Baird Roslyn , Young Scott D. , Bailey Elizabeth H. , McLaughlin Mike J.
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Space lidar observations constrain longwave cloud feedback
Authors: de Guélis Thibault Vaillant , Chepfer Hélène , Guzman Rodrigo , Bonazzola Marine , Winker David M. , Noel Vincent
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Micro and Nano-drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Mandracchia Delia , Tripodo Giuseppe
Published: October 2020

Traditional drug formulations deliver the payload by releasing it following relatively simple physical laws, such as drug solubility or controlling its diffusion. The drug cannot always be protected from being degraded by the physiologic environment, or from being released before reaching the site of action. The process of encapsulating an active principle in a micro or nanosystem surrounding the active is itself an enormous scientific advancement in pharmaceutical science. Micro and nanoencapsulation of actives requires a great effort in establishing the best experimental conditions to preserve the drug from premature degradation, to assess the best components of the micro/nanosystem, to provide the most suitable processing conditions and to guarantee the desired therapeutic effect. Last but not least, a possible industrial translation should always be taken into consideration during experimental planning. This chapter aims to give an overview of the preparation and therapeutic applications of micro/nano-drug delivery systems.
From Bench to Bedside: The Long Way Towards GMP Scale-up, Preclinical and Clinical Trials for Silk-based Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Bari Elia
Published: October 2020

The silk micro and nanosystems developed in the laboratory have been tested both in vitro and on animals in preclinical studies for the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases, ranging from cancer to osteoarticular ones. Unfortunately, even if silk-based materials are more and more capturing the interest of the scientific community, their clinical application is still far away. This chapter discusses the current challenges for translation from bench to bedside of silk-based micro and nano-drug delivery systems, ranging from the technological and GMP large-scale manufacturing challenges, including quality control and batch release requirements, to the biological ones, including the biocompatibility and safety. Potential pathways for translational development and commercialisation of silk-based drug delivery systems are also reported.
Advances in fingermark age determination techniques
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Shi Mi , Ma Rongliang , Zhang Meiqin
Published: October 2020

Technologies based on the changes of physical characteristics and chemical composition characteristics have accelerated the advances in fingermark age determination.
Aptasensor-enabled quantitative analysis of nano-sized extracellular vesicles by flow cytometry
Authors: Du Jing , Yuan Chao , Wang Weijie , Yu Zitong , Hao Rui , Zhang Yi , Guan Min , Li Nan , Yang Hui
Published: October 2020

Flow cytometry analysis of extracellular vesicles enabled by an aptamer-based biosensor to interact with tetraspanin CD63 proteins.
Wrinkled double network hydrogel via simple stretch-recovery
Authors: Wang Chen , Yang Shaohua , Guo Qirui , Xu Liju , Xu Ye , Qiu Dong
Published: October 2020

We propose a new strategy for inducing different viscoelastic behaviors inside a double network hydrogel to achieve regular wrinkles with multiple dimensions.
Method to reduce the oil pressure during HPHT diamond synthesis: FEM simulations and experiments
Authors: Wang Chunxiao , Ma Hong-an , Chen Liangchao , Miao Xinyuan , Zhao Liang , Jia Xiaopeng
Published: October 2020

Here, a new type of supercharged cell assembly is proposed that can effectively reduce the oil pressure during high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) diamond synthesis.
Metal–organic frameworks with solvent-free lanthanide coordination environments: synthesis from aqueous ethanol solutions
Authors: Litvinova Yulia M. , Gayfulin Yakov M. , Brylev Konstantin A. , Piryazev Dmitry A. , van Leusen Jan , Kögerler Paul , Mironov Yuri V.
Published: October 2020

Twelve MOFs with a solvent-free environment of Ln3+ cations were obtained through solution synthesis in the presence of cluster anions.
Electrocatalytic oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions at Ni3B/Fe2O3 nanotube arrays under visible light radiation
Authors: Zhao Hui , Jiang Meng , Kang Qing , Liu Lequan , Zhang Ning , Wang Pengcheng , Zhou Feimeng
Published: October 2020

We demonstrate that arrays of Ni3B/Fe2O3 nanotubes supported by Fe foil can simultaneously boost the kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction after exposure to visible light radiation.
Environmental impacts of III–V/silicon photovoltaics: life cycle assessment and guidance for sustainable manufacturing
Authors: Blanco Carlos F. , Cucurachi Stefano , Dimroth Frank , Guinée Jeroen B. , Peijnenburg Willie J. G. M. , Vijver Martina G.
Published: October 2020

By requiring less materials, multijunction III–V/silicon photovoltaic cells may further reduce the life cycle environmental impacts of solar PV.
Over 14% efficiency all-polymer solar cells enabled by a low bandgap polymer acceptor with low energy loss and efficient charge separation
Authors: Fan Qunping , An Qiaoshi , Lin Yuanbao , Xia Yuxin , Li Qian , Zhang Ming , Su Wenyan , Peng Wenhong , Zhang Chunfeng , Liu Feng , Hou Lintao , Zhu Weiguo , Yu Donghong , Xiao Min , Moons Ellen , Zhang Fujun , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Inganäs Olle , Wang Ergang
Published: October 2020

A low bandgap polymer acceptor PF5-Y5 was synthesized and its all-PSCs achieved an impressive device efficiency of 14.45% with both high Voc and Jsc due to the excellent absorption coverage, small energy loss, and efficient charge separation.
Enhanced stability of silicon for photoelectrochemical water oxidation through self-healing enabled by an alkaline protective electrolyte
Authors: Fu Harold J. , Moreno-Hernandez Ivan A. , Buabthong Pakpoom , Papadantonakis Kimberly M. , Brunschwig Bruce S. , Lewis Nathan S.
Published: October 2020

The addition of [Fe(CN)6]3− to alkaline electrolytes impede the corrosion of Si photoanodes at open circuit due to the formation of a SiOx layer.
Denitrifying biofilm processes for wastewater treatment: developments and perspectives
Authors: Wu Lan , Wei Wei , Xu Juan , Chen Xueming , Liu Yiwen , Peng Lai , Wang Dongbo , Ni Bing-Jie
Published: October 2020

Biofilms can retain microorganisms with very different growth kinetics and different electron acceptor preferences, due to their natural redox zonation.
Optimization of bacterial bioaugmentation for groundwater Mn removal using a waste-based culture medium and lyophilization
Authors: Casalini Lucila Ciancio , Vidoz Micaela , Piazza Ainelén , Labanca Cintia , Pacini Virginia A. , Ottado Jorgelina , Gottig Natalia
Published: October 2020

Waste based bacterial culture media and inoculum lyophilization to optimize bioaugmentation processes applicable to Mn groundwater full-scale biofiltration.
Combination of dihydroartemisinin and resveratrol effectively inhibits cancer cell migrationviaregulation of the DLC1/TCTP/Cdc42 pathway
Authors: Gao Junying , Ma Fengqiu , Wang Xingjie , Li Guorong
Published: October 2020

Mechanism of DHA combined with RES in inhibition of cancer cell migration by DLC1/TCTP/Cdc42 signaling.
Origin of pressure-induced band gap tuning in tin halide perovskites
Authors: Coduri Mauro , Shiell Thomas B. , Strobel Timothy A. , Mahata Arup , Cova Federico , Mosconi Edoardo , De Angelis Filippo , Malavasi Lorenzo
Published: October 2020

Structural and optical high-pressure study of FASnBr3 revealed a cubic to orthorhombic phase transition near 1.4 GPa accompanied by a huge band gap red-shift from 2.4 to 1.6 eV, which is followed by a blue-shift of ∼0.2 eV upon further pressure increase.
Electrochemical properties of vertically aligned graphenes: tailoring heterogeneous electron transfer through manipulation of the carbon microstructure
Authors: Brownson Dale A. C. , Garcia-Miranda Ferrari Alejandro , Ghosh Subrata , Kamruddin Mohammed , Iniesta Jesús , Banks Craig E.
Published: October 2020

The structure of vertically aligned graphene electrodes is shown to directly affect heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics in terms of the density of active edge plane sites of the microstructure, where greater edge content results in favourable electrochemical behaviour.
Coralline-like CoP3@Cu as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic and alkaline solutions
Authors: Hou Mengyu , Xu Ying , Li Xi , Dong Yongzhi , Sun Fengke , Tang Dan , Cai Minkun , Jin Chenglong , Dong Yulin , Qu Deyu , Xie Zhizhong , Lin Yawei , Zhang Chaocan
Published: October 2020

CoP3@Cu/Cu exhibited excellent catalytic activity and stability in acidic and alkaline media.
Phosphorescent complexes of {Mo6I8}4+ with triazolates: [2+3] cycloaddition of alkynes to [Mo6I8(N3)6]2−
Authors: Mironova Alina D. , Mikhailov Maksim A. , Brylev Konstantin A. , Gushchin Artem L. , Sukhikh Taisiya S. , Sokolov Maxim N.
Published: October 2020

“Click” reaction of activated alkynes with [Mo6I8(N3)6]2− produces novel emissive triazolate complexes with the {Mo6I8}4+ cluster core.
A combined experimental and DFT approach on free radical induced oxidations of kynurenic acid
Authors: Prasanthkumar Kavanal P. , Sajith P. K. , Singh Beena G.
Published: October 2020

Usingin vitromethods, the one electron oxidations of kynurenic acid and its efficacy in scavenging lipid peroxidation have been demonstrated.
Flexible low-power source-gated transistors with solution-processed metal–oxide semiconductors
Authors: Li Dingwei , Zhao Momo , Liang Kun , Ren Huihui , Wu Quantan , Wang Hong , Zhu Bowen
Published: October 2020

Flexible light weight In2O3-based source-gated transistors are achieved with high gain, fast saturation and low power consumption.
Spin-wave spectroscopy of individual ferromagnetic nanodisks
Authors: Dobrovolskiy Oleksandr V. , Bunyaev Sergey A. , Vovk Nikolay R. , Navas David , Gruszecki Pawel , Krawczyk Maciej , Sachser Roland , Huth Michael , Chumak Andrii V. , Guslienko Konstantin Y. , Kakazei Gleb N.
Published: October 2020

An original spatially resolved approach is demonstrated for spin-wave spectroscopy of individual circular magnetic elements. It allows for the deduction of the saturation magnetization and the exchange stiffness of the material with high precision.
Correction: Patience is a virtue: self-assembly and physico-chemical properties of cellulose nanocrystal allomorphs
Authors: Delepierre Gwendoline , Eyley Samuel , Thielemans Wim , Weder Christoph , Cranston Emily D. , Zoppe Justin O.
Published: October 2020

Correction for ‘Patience is a virtue: self-assembly and physico-chemical properties of cellulose nanocrystal allomorphs’ by Gwendoline Delepierre, et al., Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 17480–17493, DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04491a.
Copper-promoted cyanoalkylation/ring-expansion of vinylcyclopropanes with α-C–H bonds in alkylnitriles toward 3,4-dihydronaphthalenes
Authors: Chen Zan , Zhou Quan , Chen Qing-Nan , Chen Pu , Xiong Bi-Quan , Liang Yun , Tang Ke-Wen , Xie Jun , Liu Yu
Published: October 2020

A simple and efficient copper-promoted oxidative cyanomethylation/ring-expansion of vinylcyclopropanes with α-C(sp3)–H bonds in alkyl nitriles is established for the generation of 1-cyanoethylated 3,4-dihydronaphthalenes.
Greener liquid-phase synthesis and the ACE inhibitory structure–activity relationship of an anti-SARS octapeptide
Authors: Li Haidi , Ren Jin , Li Junyou , Zhang Zixin , Chang Ninghui , Qin Chuanguang
Published: October 2020

Tri(4′-diphenylphosphonyloxylbenzoyl phenyl)phosphate (TDPBP) derivatives were developed as greener supports to aid high-efficiency liquid-phase peptide synthesis without the need for unrecyclable resin and tedious chromatographic separation.
Insight into the synthesis of N-methylated polypeptides
Authors: Muhl Christian , Zengerling Lydia , Groß Jonathan , Eckhardt Paul , Opatz Till , Besenius Pol , Barz Matthias
Published: October 2020

The ring-opening polymerization of α-substituted N-methylated N-carboxy anhydrides is reported. The polymerization was tested using various amino acids and initiators, and was found to be limited by the steric demand of N-methylated compared to conventional amino acids.
A versatile synthetic approach to tunable dual-emissive Pdots with very small-size based on amphiphilic block copolymers for cell imaging
Authors: Guan Xiaolin , Wang Lin , Liu Meina , Wang Kailong , Yang Xueqin , Ding Yuanyuan , Tong Jinhui , Lei Ziqiang , Lai Shoujun
Published: October 2020

An effective strategy was constructed for the small-scale preparation of AIE-active Pdots, which displayed reversibly distinct dual-color fluorescence in cancer cells.
Recent advances in vanadium-based cathode materials for rechargeable zinc ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Yao , Ang Edison Huixiang , Dinh Khang Ngoc , Rui Kun , Lin Huijuan , Zhu Jixin , Yan Qingyu
Published: October 2020

A comprehensive overview of the latest progress of vanadium-based nanomaterials and the challenges and prospects for zinc ion batteries are reviewed.
Hollow Co3O4 dodecahedrons with controlled crystal orientation and oxygen vacancies for the high performance oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Yang Hang , Sun Hui , Fan Xiaochen , Wang Xiaozhong , Yang Qingfeng , Lai Xiaoyong
Published: October 2020

Hollow Co3O4 dodecahedrons with the selective exposure of the (111) facet and controlled oxygen vacancies for high performance OER.
Palladium nanoparticles embedded in mesoporous carbons as efficient, green and reusable catalysts for mild hydrogenations of nitroarenes
Authors: Enneiymy Mohamed , Fioux Philippe , Le Drian Claude , Matei Ghimbeu Camelia , Becht Jean-Michel
Published: October 2020

Size induced activity and reusability of mesoporous carbons containing Pd NPs are demonstrated herein for mild and green hydrogenations of nitroarenes.
Effect of specific surface area on syngas production performance of pure ceria in high-temperature thermochemical redox cycling coupled to methane partial oxidation
Authors: Heya Manabu , Gao Xiang , Tricoli Antonio , Lipiński Wojciech
Published: October 2020

Specific surface area is a key parameter determining the rates of thermochemical redox reactions in metal oxides.
Multicomponent synthesis of dispiroheterocycles using a magnetically separable and reusable heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Tailor Yogesh Kumar , Khandelwal Sarita , Verma Kanchan , Gopal Ram , Kumar Mahendra
Published: October 2020

An efficient and sustainable synthetic protocol has been presented for the synthesis of dispiroheterocycles using a magnetically separable and reusable nanostructured heterogeneous catalyst.
Novel porous iron phthalocyanine based metal–organic framework electrochemical sensor for sensitive vanillin detection
Authors: Peng Jinyun , Wei Liying , Liu Yuxia , Zhuge Wenfeng , Huang Qing , Huang Wei , Xiang Gang , Zhang Cuizhong
Published: October 2020

A novel electrochemical sensor based on an iron phthalocyanine (FePc) MOF for the sensitive detection of vanillin.
Hydrothermal-template synthesis and electrochemical properties of Co3O4/nitrogen-doped hemisphere-porous graphene composites with 3D heterogeneous structure
Authors: Fan Haiyang , Yi Guiyun , Tian Qiming , Zhang Xiuxiu , Xing Baolin , Zhang Chuanxiang , Chen Lunjian , Zhang Yulong
Published: October 2020

The Co3O4/N-HPGC nanocomposites synthesized by a hydrothermal-template approach with polystyrene microspheres as the template possess excellent electrochemical performance.
Quantitative analysis of hydrogen and chalcogen bonds in two pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives, potential DHFR inhibitors: an integrated crystallographic and theoretical study
Authors: Al-Wahaibi Lamya H. , Chakraborty Kushumita , Al-Shaalan Nora H. , Syed Majeed Mohamed Yehya Annavi , Blacque Olivier , Al-Mutairi Aamal A. , El-Emam Ali A. , Percino M. Judith , Thamotharan Subbiah
Published: October 2020

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of hydrogen and chalcogen bonds in two pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives are described.
What's the gap? A possible strategy for advancing theory, and an appeal for experimental structure data to drive that advance
Authors: Sohlberg Karl , Foster Michael E.
Published: October 2020

Strong correlation between electronic structure and geometry might be capitalized upon to tune the DFT functional.
Selectivity over coverage in de novo sequencing of IgGs
Authors: den Boer Maurits A. , Greisch Jean-Francois , Tamara Sem , Bondt Albert , Heck Albert J. R.
Published: October 2020

Generating protein sequence ladders of the CDR3 variable regions of antibodies facilitates de novo sequencing by mass spectrometry.
Bis[pyrrolyl Ru(ii)] triads: a new class of photosensitizers for metal–organic photodynamic therapy
Authors: Smithen Deborah A. , Monro Susan , Pinto Mitch , Roque John , Diaz-Rodriguez Roberto M. , Yin Huimin , Cameron Colin G. , Thompson Alison , McFarland Sherri A.
Published: October 2020

Ten dinuclear Ru(ii) complexes based on the bis[pyrrolyl Ru(ii)] triad scaffold were prepared to evaluate the influence of the central organic linker on the spectroscopic and in vitro photodynamic therapy (PDT) properties of the compounds.
Metal–organic framework based bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable zinc–air batteries: current progress and prospects
Authors: Li Yanqiang , Cui Ming , Yin Zehao , Chen Siru , Ma Tingli
Published: October 2020

The research progress of MOF-based bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for zinc–air batteries is reviewed and the main challenges and prospects for developing advanced MOF-based bifunctional electrocatalysts are proposed.
Emerging layered BiO2−x for photocatalysis: status, challenges, and outlook
Authors: Li Haonan , Hu Donghui , Li Zhe , Qu Yang
Published: October 2020

An emerging layered BiO2−x is becoming hot as an efficient photocatalyst. The status, challenges and outlook for this popular photocatalyst are summarized and discussed in this perspective.
Molecular engineering of high-performance nanofiltration membranes from intrinsically microporous poly(ether-ether-ketone)
Authors: Abdulhamid Mahmoud A. , Park Sang-Hee , Vovusha Hakkim , Akhtar Faheem Hassan , Ng Kim Choon , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Szekely Gyorgy
Published: October 2020

Poly(ether-ether-ketone) obtains intrinsic microporosity with spirobisindane, Tröger's base, and triptycene contorted structures for organic solvent nanofiltration.
Targeted miR-21 loaded liposomes for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Li Minghui , Tang Xuefeng , Liu Xiaoying , Cui Xinyu , Lian Mingming , Zhao Man , Peng Haisheng , Han Xiaojun
Published: October 2020

This work designs anti-cTnT antibody-modified liposomes loading with miR-21 for treating AMI. cT-21-LIPs specifically targeted the overexpressed cTnT during AMI, followed by entering cardiomyocytes and releasing miR-21 to improve cardiac function.
Novel ceramic-based microwave absorbents derived from gangue
Authors: Li Guomin , Mao Lutao , Zhu Baoshun , Chang Xin , Wang Yake , Wang Guizhen , Zhang Kewei , Tian Yuming , Liang Liping
Published: October 2020

Compared with gangue, FeG700 exhibited high-performance microwave absorption with a reflection loss of −41.9 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.1 GHz.
High-performing D–π–A–π–D benzothiadiazole-based hybrid local and charge-transfer emitters in solution-processed OLEDs
Authors: Bala Indu , Yadav Rohit Ashok Kumar , Devi Manisha , De Joydip , Singh Nitya , Kailasam Kamalakannan , Jayakumar Jayachandran , Jou Jwo-Huei , Cheng Chien-Hong , Pal Santanu Kumar
Published: October 2020

Benzothiadiazole-based donor–acceptor emitters with hybrid local and charge transfer state exhibit high external quantum efficiency in solution-processed green OLEDs.
Chiral toroids and tendril superstructures from integrated ternary species with consecutively tunable supramolecular chirality and circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Zong Zhaohui , Zhang Peng , Qiao Hongwei , Hao Aiyou , Xing Pengyao
Published: October 2020

Synergistic coassembly of three organic species enables the formation of chiral toroidal structures with controllable supramolecular chirality.
Epenthetic Vowels and Phonemic Vowels: Same or Different?
Authors: Akbari Christina , Aoyama Katsura
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This study was designed to further investigate epenthetic vowels produced by Persian second language speakers of English. Specifically, the purpose was to compare epenthetic and phonemic vowels to determine if acoustic differences existed or if the epenthetic vowels were quantitative “copies” of their phonemic counterparts.

Method

Twenty Persian speakers each produced 120 target words. The target words were composed of two different double cluster compositions (obstruent + glide and obstruent + liquid) as well as obstruent + liquid triple clusters and obstruent + glide triple cluster combinations. The target words occurred in a phonetic environment that was either preceded by a consonant /t/ or occurred in isolation. This resulted in 2400 tokens. The tokens underwent Linear Predictive Coding to determine the F1 and F2 formant measurements as well as the durations of the epenthetic and phonemic vowels. Formants are the resonance of the vocal tract. F1 is the lowest-frequency formant while F2 is the next highest (Kent & Read, 2002). Linear Predictive Coding allows for the acoustic signal to be represented spectrally for analysis.

Results

A total of 236 epenthetic voamp'wels and their phonemic counterparts were acoustically analyzed. The phonemic vowels were found to be significantly longer than the epenthetic vowels. The epenthetic vowels were also found to have significantly lower F1 values. As a group, the mean F2 values were not significantly different from the F2 values of the phonemic vowels. However, significant differences in F2 values were found when specific vowel comparisons were made.

Conclusions

The data indicate that prothetic epenthetic vowels are not copies of the phonemic vowels that they precede. They differ quantitatively in terms of durations, F1, and F2 values. The findings of this study coincide with the findings of other researchers concerning the acoustic characteristics of anaptyctic epenthetic vowels. These results indicate similarities between prothetic and anaptyctic epenthetic vowels.
Reading Outcomes in Elementary School–Age Children With Hearing Loss Who Use Listening and Spoken Language: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Bharadwaj Sneha V. , Barlow Whitney
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This study examined reading outcomes and a comprehensive set of linguistic and cognitive factors considered to be associated with reading outcomes in children with hearing loss who use hearing aids or cochlear implants.

Method

Seventeen children with bilateral, prelingual hearing loss who use listening and spoken language and attended Grades 3–5 at a private oral school for the deaf participated in this study. Children were administered 13 subtests from norm-referenced tests pertaining to reading outcomes (reading comprehension and decoding), linguistic factors (vocabulary, background information, literal inferencing, nonliteral inferencing, and grammatical knowledge), and cognitive factors (verbal working memory, short-term memory, phonological short-term memory, and analytical reasoning).

Results

Performance of children with hearing loss was within normal ranges when compared to the normative means on all factors assessed except for nonword repetition. Furthermore, the performance of children with cochlear implants was comparable to that of the hearing aid users on all measures except for nonword repetition. Decoding was positively correlated with grammatical knowledge, analytical reasoning, and nonword repetition, whereas reading comprehension was positively correlated with grammatical knowledge, analytical reasoning, and inferencing.

Conclusions

Preliminary findings from this study suggest that elementary school–age children with hearing loss demonstrated positive outcomes with respect to reading outcomes and other factors assessed except for the nonword repetition task. Findings suggest that a nonword repetition task may be used to flag children with hearing loss who may experience difficulties with decoding. Given that grammatical knowledge and analytical reasoning showed moderate-to-moderately strong correlation with both reading outcome measures, it is recommended that multicomponent reading intervention programs for elementary school–age children with hearing loss incorporate explicit instruction in these domains.
Shear measurement bias
Authors: Pujol Arnau , Bobin Jerome , Sureau Florent , Guinot Axel , Kilbinger Martin
Published: October 2020

We present a new shear calibration method based on machine learning. The method estimates the individual shear responses of the objects from the combination of several measured properties on the images using supervised learning. The supervised learning uses the true individual shear responses obtained from copies of the image simulations with different shear values. On simulated GREAT3 data, we obtain a residual bias after the calibration compatible with 0 and beyond Euclid requirements for a signal-to-noise ratio > 20 within ∼15 CPU hours of training using only ∼105 objects. This efficient machine-learning approach can use a smaller data set because the method avoids the contribution from shape noise. The low dimensionality of the input data also leads to simple neural network architectures. We compare it to the recently described method Metacalibration, which shows similar performances. The different methods and systematics suggest that the two methods are very good complementary methods. Our method can therefore be applied without much effort to any survey such as Euclid or the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, with fewer than a million images to simulate to learn the calibration function.
Tango of celestial dancers: A sample of detached eclipsing binary systems containingg-mode pulsating components
Authors: Sekaran S. , Tkachenko A. , Abdul-Masih M. , Prša A. , Johnston C. , Huber D. , Murphy S. J. , Banyard G. , Howard A. W. , Isaacson H. , Bowman D. M. , Aerts C.
Published: October 2020

Context.Eclipsing binary systems with components that pulsate in gravity modes (gmodes) allow for simultaneous and independent constraints of the chemical mixing profiles of stars. The high precision of the dynamical masses and radii as well as the imposition of identical initial chemical compositions and equivalent ages provide strong constraints during the modelling ofg-mode period-spacing patterns.

Aims.We aim to assemble a sample ofg-mode pulsators in detached eclipsing binaries with the purpose of finding good candidates for future evolutionary and asteroseismic modelling. In addition, we present a case study of the eclipsing binary KIC9850387, identified as our most promising candidate, and detail the results of the observational spectroscopic, photometric, and asteroseismic analysis of the system.

Methods.We selected all of the detached eclipsing binaries in theKeplereclipsing binary catalogue withKeplerInput Catalogue (KIC) temperatures between 6000 K and 10 000 K, and performed a visual inspection to determine the presence and density ofgmodes, and the presence ofg-mode period-spacing patterns in their frequency spectra. We then characterised our sample based on theirg-mode pulsational parameters and binary and atmospheric parameters. A spectroscopic follow-up of our most promising candidate was then performed, and the orbital elements of the system were extracted. We then performed spectral disentangling followed by atmospheric modelling and abundance analysis for the primary star. We utilised an iterative approach to simultaneously optimise the pulsational and eclipse models, and subsequently performed an analysis of the pressure- (p-) andg-mode pulsational frequencies.

Results.We compiled a sample of 93Keplereclipsing binary stars withg-mode pulsating components and identified clearg-mode period-spacing patterns in the frequency spectra of seven of these systems. We also identified 11 systems that contained hybridp- andg-mode pulsators. We found that theg-mode pulsational parameters and the binary and atmospheric parameters of our sample are weakly correlated at best, as expected for detached main-sequence binaries. We find that the eclipsing binary KIC9850387 is a double-lined spectroscopic binary in a near-circular orbit with a hybridp- andg-mode pulsating primary withMp= 1.66−0.01+0.01M⊙andRp= 2.154−0.004+0.002R⊙, and a solar-like secondary withMs= 1.062−0.005+0.003M⊙andRs= 1.081−0.002+0.003R⊙. We findℓ = 1 andℓ = 2 period-spacing patterns in the frequency spectrum of KIC9850387 spanning more than ten radial orders each, which will allow for stringent constraints of stellar structure during future asteroseismic modelling.
Extending the view of ArH+chemistry in diffuse clouds
Authors: Jacob Arshia M. , Menten Karl M. , Wyrowski Friedrich , Winkel Benjamin , Neufeld David A.
Published: October 2020

Context.One of the surprises of theHerschelmission was the detection of ArH+towards the Crab Nebula in emission and in absorption towards strong Galactic background sources. Although these detections were limited to the first quadrant of the Galaxy, the existing data suggest that ArH+ubiquitously and exclusively probes the diffuse atomic regions of the interstellar medium.

Aims.In this study, we extend the coverage of ArH+to other parts of the Galaxy with new observations of itsJ= 1−0 transition along seven Galactic sight lines towards bright sub-millimetre continuum sources. We aim to benchmark its efficiency as a tracer of purely atomic gas by evaluating its correlation (or lack of correlation as suggested by chemical models) with other well-known atomic gas tracers such as OH+and H2O+and the molecular gas tracer CH.

Methods.The observations of theJ= 1−0 line of ArH+near 617.5 GHz were made feasible with the new, sensitive SEPIA660 receiver on the APEX 12 m telescope. Furthermore, the two sidebands of this receiver allowed us to observe theNKaKc= 11,0−10,1transitions of para-H2O+at 607.227 GHz simultaneously with the ArH+line.

Results.We modelled the optically thin absorption spectra of the different species and subsequently derived their column densities. By analysing the steady state chemistry of OH+and o-H2O+, we derive on average a cosmic-ray ionisation rate,ζp(H), of (2.3 ± 0.3) × 10−16s−1towards the sight lines studied in this work. Using the derived values ofζp(H) and the observed ArH+abundances we constrain the molecular fraction of the gas traced by ArH+to lie below 2 × 10−2with a median value of 8.8 × 10−4. Combined, our observations of ArH+, OH+, H2O+, and CH probe different regimes of the interstellar medium, from diffuse atomic to diffuse and translucent molecular clouds. Over Galactic scales, we see that the distribution ofN(ArH+) is associated with that ofN(H), particularly in the inner Galaxy (within 7 kpc of the Galactic centre) with potentially even contributions from the warm neutral medium phase of atomic gas at larger galactocentric distances. We derive an average ortho-to-para ratio for H2O+of 2.1 ± 1.0, which corresponds to a nuclear spin temperature of 41 K, consistent with the typical gas temperatures of diffuse clouds.
Exploring Underwater Target Detection Algorithm Based on Improved SSD
Authors: Qiang Wei , He Yuyao , Guo Yujin , Li Baoqi , He Lingjiao
Published: October 2020

As the in-depth exploration of oceans continues, the accurate and rapid detection of fish, bionics and other intelligent bodies in an underwater environment is more and more important for improving an underwater defense system. Because of the low accuracy and poor real-time performance of target detection in the complex underwater environment, we propose a target detection algorithm based on the improved SSD. We use the ResNet convolution neural network instead of the VGG convolution neural network of the SSD as the basic network for target detection. In the basic network, the depthwise-separated deformable convolution module proposed in this paper is used to extract the features of an underwater target so as to improve the target detection accuracy and speed in the complex underwater environment. It mainly fuses the depthwise separable convolution when the deformable convolution acquires the offset of a convolution core, thus reducing the number of parameters and achieving the purposes of increasing the speed of the convolution neural network and enhancing its robustness through sparse representation. The experimental results show that, compared with the SSD detection model that uses the ResNet convolution neural network as the basic network, the improved SSD detection model that uses the depthwise-separated deformable convolution module improves the accuracy of underwater target detection by 11 percentage points and reduces the detection time by 3 ms, thus validating the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed in the paper.
Analyzing of Cooperative Locating Error and Formation Configuration of AUV Based on Geometric Interpretation
Authors: Zhang Lichuan , Qu Junqi , Pan Guang , Wang Yongzhao
Published: October 2020

Because the evaluation of the location performance of AUVs with the lower bound of the Cramer-Rao inequality is not intuitive, the geometric interpretation method is proposed based on geometric ellipse. The Fisher information matrix is used to replace the Cramer-Rao inequality. The priori information matrix and the measurement information matrix are synthesized into the posterior information matrix through singular value decomposition. The geometric ellipse is used to geometrically represent the posterior information matrix. The posterior information ellipse area is used to establish the location performance evaluation function. By analyzing the performance evaluation function, the optimal formation configurations of single-master, dual-master and three-master AUVs are designed. The implementation of the special formation configuration for the three-master AUV formation proposed in the paper is easier, while the location performance of the optimal formation configuration is not much inferior. The simulation results verify that the optimal formation configuration has a higher location accuracy and that the special formation configuration is effective.
An HI Extraction Framework for Lithium-Ion Battery Prognostics Based on SAE-VMD
Authors: Wang Zhuqing , Guo Yangming , Xu Cong
Published: October 2020

The signals of lithium-ion battery degradation are non-stationary and nonlinear. To adaptively extract the health indicator(HI) that can accurately represent the battery degradation characters and improve the prediction precision of battery remaining useful life (RUL), a stacked auto encoder-variational mode decomposition(SAE-VMD) based HI construction framework is proposed. Firstly, the stacked auto encoder(SAE) is used to reduce the noises of battery parameters and lower the data dimensionality and construct a syncretic HI that contains the battery degradation characters. Then the variational mode decomposition(VMD) is employed for effectively separating the syncretic HI into three modalities: the global attenuation, the local regeneration and the noises. The three modalities are selected as HIs to eliminate the HI noises and improve the RUL prediction precision. The RUL prediction results of lithium-ion battery indicate that the HI extracted by using the present method can obtain a better RUL prediction precision and verify the high quality of the extracted HI.
Erratum to the paper “Extinction and ergodic stationary distribution of a Markovian-switching prey-predator model with additional food for predator”
Authors: Guo Xiaoxia , Ruan Dehao
Published: October 2020

In this work we have studied a stochastic predator-prey model where the prey grows logistically in the absence of predator. All parameters but carrying capacity have been perturbed with telephone noise. The prey’s growth rate and the predator’s death rate have also been perturbed with white noises. Both of these noises have been proved extremely useful to model rapidly fluctuating phenomena Dimentberg (1988). The conditions under which extinction of predator and prey populations occur have been established. We also give sufficient conditions for positive recurrence and the existence of an ergodic stationary distribution of the positive solution, red which in stochastic predator-prey systems means that the predator and prey populations can be persistent, that is to say, the predator and prey populations can be sustain a quantity that is neither too much nor too little. In our analysis, it is found that the environmental noise plays an important role in extinction as well as coexistence of prey and predator populations. It is shown in numerical simulation that larger white noise intensity will lead to the extinction of the population, while telephone noise may delay or reduce the risk of species extinction.
La Covid, la science, les controverses et nous
Authors: Klein Étienne
Published: October 2020

Pendant la crise de la Covid-19, les Français ont entendu beaucoup de scientifiques s’exprimer à la télévision et dire « ne pas savoir, hésiter, être en désaccord les uns avec les autres, se tromper aussi ». Quelles conséquences cela peut-il avoir sur la confiance des Français vis-à-vis des scientifiques ? Pensez-vous que cette expérience a fait progresser la compréhension qu’ils ont de la méthode scientifique et des controverses scientifiques ?
Nucléaire : du nouveau sur les réseaux sociaux
Authors: Guillaume Nathalie
Published: October 2020

Ils ne s’expriment pas au nom de leur entreprise, mais ne font pas mystère de leur rattachement à leur employeur. Comme ils se plaisent à le rappeler, ils ne font pas de communication, ne portent pas la parole officielle de leur entreprise, mais assument leurs messages à titre personnel. Ce sont ces « nouveaux citoyens », animés par le désir de partager leurs compétences sur les réseaux sociaux et de ne pas laisser passer les idées reçues et les fausses informations. Avec eux, quelque chose est en train de changer dans l’information du public sur le nucléaire. Un changement culturel indéniable, alors qu’apparaissent les signaux, de moins en moins faibles, d’une évolution dans le ton des conversations.
Le nucléaire et les valeurs des Français en 2020
Authors: Witkowski Didier
Published: October 2020

Le Baromètre des Énergies, réalisé chaque année par le CSA pour EDF, permet de suivre l’évolution de l’opinion sur la production d’électricité en France. Mais il enregistre également, avec des questions plus générales, la toile de fond sociologique sur laquelle s’impriment les thématiques énergétiques. L’énergie nucléaire s’inscrit-elle en écho ou en résistance avec les dynamiques sociales actuelles ?
Effect of Hamstring-to-quadriceps Ratio on Knee Forces in Females During Landing
Authors: Heinert Becky L. , Collins Tia , Tehan Carly , Ragan Robert , Kernozek Thomas W
Published: October 2020

ACL injuries in the athletic population are a common occurrence with over 70% associated with non-contact mechanisms. The hamstring to quadriceps ratio is a widely used clinical measure to assess an athlete’s readiness to return to sport; however, its relationship to knee forces and ACL tension during landing is unknown. Baseline isokinetic testing was completed on 100 college-aged females. Subjects with strength ratios 0.4 (n=20) and those with ratios of 0.6 (n=20) returned for an assessment of their drop landing. A sagittal plane knee model determined the low ratio group demonstrated 16.6% larger ligament shear (p=0.000), a 26% increase in tibiofemoral shear force (p=0.026) and a 6% increase vertical force between the femur and tibial plateau (p=0.026) compared to the high hamstring ratio group within 100 ms upon impact. The lower ratio group also demonstrated 9.5% greater maximal quadriceps (p=0.028) force during landing. These findings suggest that the hamstring to quadriceps ratio may be related to knee forces and ACL loading during landing. This metric may augment clinical decision making regarding an athlete’s readiness to return to sport or relative risk for re-injury.
Nebenwirkungen immunonkologischer Therapien
Authors: Benesova Karolina , Leipe Jan
Published: October 2020

Immunonkologische Therapien und insbesondere die Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren (ICPi) als Hauptvertreter dieser neuen Substanzklasse kommen bei zunehmender Anzahl von soliden und teils auch hämatologischen Tumorentitäten und Indikationen zum Einsatz. Die relativ hohen (Langzeit-)Tumoransprechraten auch in fortgeschrittenen und therapierefraktären Stadien haben die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten der Onkologie geradezu revolutioniert. Gleichzeitig bringt der zunehmende Einsatz von ICPi auch neue Herausforderungen: Immunonkologische Therapien verursachen ein breites Spektrum an autoimmunen Nebenwirkungen, sogenannten „immune-related adverse events“ (irAEs), die teilweise klassischen Autoimmunopathien ähneln und jedes Organsystem betreffen können. Die große Mehrheit der ICPi-behandelten Patienten erlebt ein irAE an mindestens einem Organsystem und davon weisen ca. 5–20% ein rheumatisches irAEs auf. Diese sind interessanterweise mit einem besseren Tumoransprechraten bei ICPi-Therapie assoziiert und können entweder die Erstmanifestation einer klassischen entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankung oder auch nur eine transiente Nebenwirkung mit spezifischen Charakteristika sein. Zweifelsohne wird das interdisziplinäre Management immunvermittelter Nebenwirkungen auch den Rheumatologen in den nächsten Jahren zunehmend beschäftigen. Der vorliegende Artikel fasst die Erkenntnisse zum klinischen Management von irAEs für den praktizierenden Rheumatologen zusammen.
Status Quo – Die Anforderungen an die medizinische Habilitation in Deutschland
Authors: Strauss Markus , Ehlers Jan , Gerß Joachim , Klotz Luisa , Reinecke Holger , Leischik Roman
Published: October 2020

Hintergrund In Deutschland gilt die Habilitation als Nachweis der Qualifikation zur selbstständigen Forschung und Lehre und ist die Voraussetzung zur Erlangung der Lehrbefähigung im jeweiligen Fachgebiet. Die Voraussetzungen sind in den Habilitationsordnungen der Universitäten und gleichgestellten Institutionen festgelegt. Dieser Übersichtsartikel verfolgt das Ziel, die Anforderungen an die Habilitation der medizinischen Fakultäten aufzuzeigen und Verbesserungsvorschläge hinsichtlich dessen darzulegen.

Methoden Die gültigen Habilitationsordnungen und Ausführungsbestimmungen aller 39 deutschen medizinischen Fakultäten wurden auf folgende Zielkriterien analysiert: Gesamtpublikationen (n), Erst- und Letztautorenschaften (n), Lehrleistungen, Berücksichtigung von Drittmitteleinwerbung, Patentrechte, Abstracts auf Kongressen, Teilnahme an didaktischen Fortbildungen, kumulative Habilitation, Voraussetzung von Promotion oder äquivalenten Leistungen, Gutachter (n) und deren Zugehörigkeit, Abhaltung eines hochschulöffentlichen und wissenschaftlichen Vortrags sowie einer Lehrprobe.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 37 Habilitationsordnungen in die Analyse einbezogen. Die Habilitationsanforderungen unterscheiden sich in mehreren zentralen Punkten, vor allem in der Zahl der geforderten Erst- und Letztautorenschaften, Gesamtanzahl der Publikationen und Bewertung der Publikationsleistung. Eine kumulative Habilitation ist an 97 % (n = 36) der Universitäten möglich. Deutliche Unterschiede bestehen auch in Bezug auf die Auswahl der Gutachtenden (nur Interne, Interne und Externe, nur Externe).

Schlussfolgerung Die quantitativen und qualitativen Anforderungen und deren Gewichtung sind zwischen den Ordnungen häufig uneinheitlich. Zur Steigerung der Transparenz und Würdigung der erbrachten wissenschaftlichen Leistung erscheint eine Vereinheitlichung der Anforderungen zielführend.
Investigating the Effect of Fresh Frozen Plasma and Albumin on DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Poisoning Cases by Organophosphates
Authors: Afzali Saeed , Karami Manoochehr , Kheyripour Nejat , Ranjbar Akram
Published: October 2020

The efficacy of albumin and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and their effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress has been evaluated. In a randomized clinical control trial, 33 poisoned patients by Organophosphate (OP) were enrolled in the research and divided into three groups. The first group underwent conventional treatments by atropine and pralidoxime (control group); the second and third groups, in addition to traditional treatments, received albumin and FFP. Cholinesterase (ChE) enzyme activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), serum thiol groups (TTG), malonyl aldehyde (MDA) and DNA damage were measured in all treatment and control groups. Patients were matched in terms of demographic characteristics at the beginning of the study. ChE activity was increased in all three groups during treatment, which was more noticeable in the FFP group and was statistically significant in both albumin and FFP group compared to the control group (p<0.05). TAC increased, and TTG decreased in FFP and albumin groups compared to the control group; no significant difference was observed. MDA decreased in albumin and FFP and was significantly different in the FFP group compared to the control group (p<0.05). The amount of DNA damage in FFP and albumin groups decreased, and there was a significant difference compared to the control group (p<0.05). According to the results of this study, due to the decrease of oxidative damage parameters and the increase of antioxidant parameters in albumin and specially FFP groups, FFP may be considered as an adjunctive treatment for OP poisoning.