bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State of the Practice Worldwide: Complex Installation for In Situ Thermal Remediation Beneath an Active Manufacturing Facility
Authors: Heron Gorm , Thomas Chris , Crownover Chad , Glass Robert , Crisp Gregory , Kennington Bruce S. , Tarmann Scott , Hidalgo Luis
Published: June 2023

In situ thermal remediation (ISTR) was used to treat a vadose‐zone source of trichloroethylene present at depths of 60 to 125 ft. below an occupied building at an active manufacturing facility. ISTR required innovative methods to install 135 steel casings from inside the building that included access limitations, space constraints that required angled borings and pre‐modeling of rig mast positions, control measures to manage exhaust from up to four drill rigs operating simultaneously, adjustments to heater wiring to limit temperatures in shallow soils leading to indoor air heating and potential for vapor intrusion, and ensure proper positioning and trajectory of closely spaced heaters. The installed heater casings were surveyed using a Devi‐Flex™ tool to monitor heater placement in casings that ranged from 87 to 196 ft. at angles between 90° and 30° from horizontal and periodically had to compensate for deflections caused by cobbles and boulders. Additional casings were installed to ensure adequate heater spacings in cases where deviations exceeded design parameters. ISTR was conducted using custom‐built thermal conduction heaters designed to minimize heat output in the shallow vadose zone and inside the building while temperatures in the lower vadose zone were maintained near boiling. Cables, vapor extraction pipes, and exhaust ducts were routed overhead and through the building roof to minimize disturbance to manufacturing operations. To expedite remediation, three groups of heaters and vapor recovery wells were installed and operated in overlapping periods. The major challenges and solutions for ISTR design, construction, and operation are presented. Operations and remedial results are covered in a companion paper.
Optical In Situ Monitoring of Acid Mine Drainage Remediation: Laboratory and Model Investigation
Authors: Reuß Maximilian , Oswald Sascha E. , Munz Matthias , Kumke Michael U.
Published: June 2023

A permeable reactive barrier (PRB) can be deployed to remediate acid mine drainage. The performance of a PRB material under different boundary conditions (pH, flow velocity, and sulfate concentration) was investigated in a series of column experiments applying in‐situ optical sensing methods for pH and oxygen detection. The reactive material consisted of organic components (compost, wood, and coconut shell) mixed with calcium carbonate and fine gravel. The input concentrations were around 1000 mg/L for iron and 3000 mg/L for sulfate, and the pH value was 6.2. The remediation efficiency of iron was 14.6% and of sulfate 15.2%, but was expected to scale up when moving to a field‐site PRB with greater thickness. The iron and sulfate removal was influenced by decreasing the flow velocity and increasing the sulfate input concentration and the pH value. In an experiment with low pH boundary conditions (pH = 2.2), acidity was neutralized in the PRB by calcium carbonate during an experiment duration of 47 days. The modeling program MIN3P was used to create a simulation of the laboratory experiments. This helps to design parameters, for example, the residence time in the PRB, which is necessary for close to 100% remediation efficiency. This study shows the application of optical oxygen and pH monitoring in PRBs. In this context, they can be used to monitor the stability of a PRB for the remediation of acid mine drainage (AMD).
Microencapsulation of strawberry juice in Agave angustifolia fructans: effect of spray‐drying conditions on the anthocyanin content and physicochemical properties
Authors: Santiago‐García Patricia Araceli , León‐Martínez Frank Manuel , Gutiérrez Miguel Chávez , Aguirre‐Loredo Rocio Yaneli , Santiago‐Urbina Jorge Alejandro , Soto‐Castro Delia
Published: June 2023

The searching of alternative products that help reduce sugar consumption is a recurring objective due to the high number of overweight people in the world. The spray drying process of natural strawberry juice (SWJ) was evaluated using Agave angustifolia fructans as an encapsulating agent. Five fructan concentrations and three drying conditions were evaluated. The microcapsules obtained were characterised by anthocyanins content (UVvis), moisture percentage, hygroscopicity, colour, Tg, morphology (light scattering and SEM) and FTIR. Considering a recovery yield above 50%, the inlet/outlet temperatures of 180/90–95 °C and 15% of fructans were the conditions to obtain the powders with a hygroscopicity of 31%, anthocyanin retention of 84% and the highest Tg (54 °C). FTIR spectra and SEM evidenced that fructans can act as a homogeneous encapsulating matrix of SWJ. Therefore A. angustifolia fructans can be an alternative of low‐caloric power for the encapsulation of SWJ through spray.
Who's minding the children: Gender equity in the first 2 years of the pandemic
Authors: Marlo Joseph , Scott Marc A. , Weinberg Sharon L.
Published: June 2023

The wholesale changes brought about by the COVID‐19 pandemic to men and women's paid work arrangements and work–family balance provide a natural experiment for testing the common elements of two theories, needs exposure (Schafer et al. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne De Sociologie, 57(4);2020:523–549) and parental proximity (Sullivan et al. Family Theory & Review, 2018;10(1):263–279) against a third theory also suggested by Schafer et al. (2020), and labelled in this article, entrenchment/exacerbation of gender inequality. Both needs exposure and parental proximity suggest that by being home because of the pandemic, in proximity to their children, fathers are exposed to new and enduring family needs, which may move them toward more equal sharing in childcare and other domestic responsibilities. By contrast to studies that have tested such theories using retrospective, self‐report survey data over a 2‐year period, we analyse more than a decade of time‐use diary data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) that covers the first 2 years of the pandemic. We model the secular and quarterly trends to predict what would have occurred in the absence of the pandemic, contrasting this to what indeed happened. Our analyses consider aggregate and individual impacts, using methods of sequence analysis, clustering, and matching. Among our results, we find that the division of childcare responsibilities did not become more equitable during the pandemic. Suggestions for future research are provided as are suggestions for the implementation of social policies that could influence greater gender equity in unpaid work and childcare.
Occurrences of tropical, subtropical and rare marine fishes in Aotearoa New Zealand indicate biodiversity change
Authors: Middleton Irene , Francis Malcolm , Aguirre J. David , Struthers Carl , Trnski Thomas , Duffy Clinton , Anderson John , Carney Mary , Cox Nathan , Hemstalk Stephen , Herbert Blair , Johnston Craig , Middleton Crispin , Oldfield Tim , Robinson Richard , Sheath Chris , Skipworth Ian , Stancich Jakson , Whittington Hope , Liggins Libby
Published: June 2023

Aim

Climate change is driving biogeographic change globally, including poleward range shifts of species and the increasing abundance of rare species. We examine spatiotemporal patterns in the occurrences of tropical, subtropical and rare marine fishes in Aotearoa New Zealand to determine whether biodiversity change is occurring in this temperate region and to set a baseline for future monitoring of climate change impacts.

Location

Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ).

Taxon

Marine fishes.

Methods

We consolidated 100 years of unpublished records and citizen science sightings of tropical, subtropical and rare fishes to develop a focal species database for NZ. Using hotspot analysis, we identified geographic locations where the occurrence and diversity of focal species is greater than expected. We examine the spatiotemporal variation in hotspots by focal species lifestage, habitat and taxonomic family.

Results

Focal species occurrences and diversity in NZ have increased. We present 17 new‐to‐NZ marine fish species, and a new‐to‐NZ family. Focal species now account for 6.5% of pelagic fishes and 17.3% of benthic fishes in NZ. The northeast of the North Island (Te Ika‐a‐Māui) was a consistent hotspot of focal species occurrences and diversity. Hotspots of mature and pelagic fish occurrences appeared further south than juvenile and benthic species occurrences. Families with tropical affinities (Labridae and Pomacentridae) were restricted to northeastern NZ whereas hotspots of families with temperate affinities (i.e. Cheilodactylidae) extended into the South Island (Te Waipounamu).

Main Conclusions

Tropical, subtropical and rare fishes are a major component of the fish biodiversity in temperate NZ, and their occurrences and diversity has increased over the past half‐century. Northeastern NZ consistently has the highest occurrence rate and diversity of warmer‐water fishes. Our study demonstrates the value in consolidating citizen scientist observations to detect biodiversity change, and to inform current baselines and future monitoring of climate‐related biodiversity change.
Erroneous electrocardiographic interpretations and its clinical implications
Authors: Shaik Ayesha , Patel Nirav , Alvarez Chikezie , Panza Gregory , Baker William L. , McMahon Sean , Kluger Jeffrey
Published: June 2023

Introduction

The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has aided clinicians in the interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECGs) serving as an essential tool to provide rapid triage and care. However, in some cases, AI can misinterpret an ECG and may mislead the interpreting physician. Therefore, we aimed to describe the rate of ECG misinterpretation and its potential clinical impact in patient's management.

Methods

We performed a retrospective descriptive analysis of misinterpreted ECGs and its clinical impact from May 28, 2020 to May 9, 2021. An electrophysiologist screened ECGs with confirmed diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF), sinus tachycardia (ST), sinus bradycardia (SB), intraventricular conduction delay (IVCD), and premature atrial contraction (PAC) that were performed in the emergency department. We then classified the misinterpreted ECGs as wrongly diagnosed AF, ST, SB, IVCD, or PAC into the correct diagnosis and reviewed the misinterpreted ECGs and medical records to evaluate inappropriate use of antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD), beta‐blockers (BB), calcium channel blockers (CCB), anticoagulation, or resource utilization of cardiology and/or electrophysiology (EP) consultation.

Results

A total of 4969 ECGs were screened with diagnoses of AF (2282), IVCD (296), PAC (972), SB (895), and ST (638). Among these, 101 ECGs (2.0%) were misinterpreted. Wrongly diagnosed AF (58.4%) was the most common followed by wrongly diagnosed PAC (14.9%), wrongly diagnosed ST (12.9%), wrongly diagnosed IVCD (7.9%), and wrongly diagnosed SB (6.0%). Patients with misinterpreted ECGs were aged 76.6 ± 11.6 years with male (52.5%) predominance and hypertension being the most prevalent (83.2%) comorbid condition. The misinterpretation of ECGs led to the inappropriate use of BB (19.8%), CCB (5.0%), AAD therapy (7.9%), anticoagulation (6.9%) in patients with wrongly diagnosed AF, as well as inappropriate resource utilization including cardiology (41.6%) and EP (8.9%) consultations.

Conclusions

Misinterpretation of ECGs may lead to inappropriate medical therapies and increased resource utilization. Therefore, it is essential to encourage physicians to carefully examine AI interpreted ECG's, especially those interpreted as having AF.
Elemi essential oil nanocapsulated drug ameliorates lung cancer via oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation pathway
Authors: Kurban Beril , Tuncel Tuğba , Görgülü Şennur , Kar Fatih , Öztürk Alper , Özek Temel
Published: June 2023

Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of death in the world. Considering the severe side effects, toxicity and high costs of chemotherapeutics used in cancer treatment, there is a need for more economical and natural treatment methods such as essential oils. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of Canarium commune (Elemi) essential oil (EO) and nanoparticles. Elemi EO is analysed by GC‐FID/MS. The antiproliferative effect of Elemi EO and prepared nanoparticles on human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and their effect on normal fibroblast cells (CCD‐19Lu) were determined by the MTT test. The levels of TAS, TOS, CYCS, CASP3, TNF‐α and IL‐6 parameters of the experimental groups were determined using specific ELISA. BAX and Bcl‐2 genes were studied with qRT‐PCR to investigate the different ways that cancer cells undergo apoptosis. Limonene (53.7%), a‐phellandrene (14.5%) and elemol (10.1%) were the major components of Elemi EO. 24‐Hour IC50 values in the cells were measured for Elemi EO; A549: 1199 μg/mL, CCD‐19Lu: 37.181 μg/mL. TAS and TOS values were found to be higher in cancer cells than in normal cells, and it was found that cancerous cells were dragged into stress and that cancer cells were directed to apoptosis. BAX genes stimulation supported the results. It was determined that Elemi EO and nanoparticles showed anticancer activity without damaging normal cells. Based on these promising results, potential drug candidate Elemi EO loaded nanoparticles may be cell‐specific targeted, oral use possible, new generation nanoparticular drugs.
Financial conflicts of interest between pharmaceutical companies and executive board members of internal medicine subspecialty societies in Japan between 2016 and 2020
Authors: Murayama Anju , Saito Hiroaki , Tanimoto Tetsuya , Ozaki Akihiko
Published: June 2023

Rationale

Pharmaceutical companies make payments to physicians such as compensations for lecturing or consulting. Of particular, financial relationships between pharmaceutical companies and leaders of professional medical societies are concern in medical community. However, little was known about them in Japan.

Aims and Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the magnitude and prevalence of personal payments to executive board members (EBMs) of 15 medical associations representing different subspecialties within the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine.

Method

All EBMs of 15 medical associations representing internal medicine subspecialties were collected from each association webpage. Payments to the EBMs were extracted from the pharmaceutical companies belonging to the Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association between 2016 and 2020. We performed descriptive analysis on the payment data.

Results

Of the 353 different EBMs identified, 350 (99.2%) received one or more personal payments from the pharmaceutical companies over the 5 years. 99.2% (350) and 97.2% (343) of all EBMs received personal payments 3 years before and in the year of their board membership. A total of $70,796,014 were made to the EBMs over the 5 years. The median 5‐year combined personal payments per EBM was $150,849 (interquartile range [IQR]: $73,412–$282,456). EBMs who were chairman or vice chairman of executive board received significantly larger median personal payments than those who were not ($225,685 vs. $143,885, p = 0.01 in the U test). Among the 15 societies, there were 12 (80.0%) societies with all (100%) EBMs receiving personal payments from the pharmaceutical companies. Although every society has their own conflicts of interest policy, none publicly discloses the financial relationships between pharmaceutical companies and their EBMs due to their privacy.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that nearly all EBMs of 15 medical associations representing internal medicine subspecialties had substantial financial relationships with the pharmaceutical companies in Japan over the past 5 years.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase SINA1 and the protein kinase BIN2 cooperatively regulate PHR1 in apple anthocyanin biosynthesis
Authors: An Jian‐Ping , Li Hong‐Liang , Liu Zhi‐Ying , Wang Da‐Ru , You Chun‐Xiang , Han Yuepeng
Published: June 2023

PHR1 (PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1) plays key roles in the inorganic phosphate (Pi) starvation response and in Pi deficiency‐induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. However, the post‐translational regulation of PHR1 is unclear, and the molecular basis of PHR1‐mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis remains elusive. In this study, we determined that MdPHR1 was essential for Pi deficiency‐induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple (Malus × domestica). MdPHR1 interacted with MdWRKY75, a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, to enhance the MdWRKY75‐activated transcription of MdMYB1, leading to anthocyanin accumulation. In addition, the E3 ubiquitin ligase SEVEN IN ABSENTIA1 (MdSINA1) negatively regulated MdPHR1‐promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis via the ubiquitination‐mediated degradation of MdPHR1. Moreover, the protein kinase apple BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 (MdBIN2) phosphorylated MdPHR1 and positively regulated MdPHR1‐mediated anthocyanin accumulation by attenuating the MdSINA1‐mediated ubiquitination degradation of MdPHR1. Taken together, these findings not only demonstrate the regulatory role of MdPHR1 in Pi starvation induced anthocyanin accumulation, but also provide an insight into the post‐translational regulation of PHR1.
Informal carer support needs, facilitators and barriers in transitional care for older adults from hospital to home: A scoping review
Authors: Allen Jacqueline , Woolford Marta , Livingston Patricia M. , Lobchuk Michelle , Muldowney Anne , Hutchinson Alison M.
Published: June 2023

Aim

To synthesise evidence about informal carers' (carers) experience of their support needs, facilitators and barriers regarding transitional care of older adults with multimorbidity.

Background

Carers provide crucial support for older adults during care transitions. Although health practitioners are well positioned to support carers, system factors including limited healthcare resources can compromise the quality of care transitions.

Design

Scoping review.

Methods

Searches were undertaken of the published literature. Five databases were searched including MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library. Two reviewers independently screened articles to identify relevant studies. Studies were retrieved from January 2000 to July 2022. Data were extracted and tabulated for study characteristics, support needs, facilitators and barriers. Key themes and patterns were synthesised across the studies.

Results

Eighteen studies including N = 3174 participants were retrieved. Most studies (n = 13) employed qualitative designs. Five studies used surveys. Carers reported their need to: be involved in coordinated discharge planning; advocate and be involved in decision‐making; and receive community‐based follow‐up. Carers described facilitators and barriers in four themes: (1) relationships with the older adult and health practitioners, (2) being involved in coordinated discharge planning; (3) communication and information strategies; and (4) community‐based follow‐up. Synthesis of themes across all studies resulted in the identification of five areas of research: carers' health literacy; community‐based care; carers' involvement in transitional care planning; inpatient and community health practitioners' communication skills; and culturally diverse carers' experiences.

Conclusion and Relevance to Clinical Practice

The review highlights the importance of quality communication and relationships between carers, older adults, health practitioners and health organisations. Although information and education are important there is a need for further research to examine systems that support communication between carers, older adults and health practitioners and health literacy for all carers including culturally diverse carers.
Smart Tech is all Around us – Bridging Employee Vulnerability with Organizational ActiveTrust‐Building
Authors: Weibel Antoinette , Schafheitle Simon , van der Werff Lisa
Published: June 2023

Public and academic opinion remains divided regarding the benefits and pitfalls of datafication technology in organizations, particularly regarding their impact on employees. Taking a dual‐process perspective on trust, we propose that datafication technology can create small, erratic surprises in the workplace that highlight employee vulnerability and increase employees’ reliance on the systematic processing of trust. We argue that these surprises precipitate a phase in the employment relationship in which employees more actively weigh trust‐related cues, and the employer should therefore engage in active trust management to protect and strengthen the relationship. Our paper develops a framework of symbolic and substantive strategies to guide organizations’ active trust management efforts to (re‐)create situational normality, root goodwill intentions, and enable a more balanced interdependence between the organization and its employees. We discuss the implications of our paper for reconciling competing narratives about the future of work and for developing an understanding of trust processes.
Learning from failure: The implications of product recalls for firm innovation
Authors: Ni John , Borisov Alexander , Modi Sachin , Huang Xiaowen
Published: June 2023

Existing research provides contrasting perspectives on the implications of product recalls for firms. While some studies find that recalls represent failures that can motivate firms to innovate, others suggest that the resource‐intensive nature of recalls may inhibit firms from innovating. This study presents a theoretical framework that reconciles these two perspectives by proposing an inverted U‐shaped relationship between a firm's product recall frequency and innovation output. The paper also evaluates the effect of the firm's growth potential on the recall frequency–innovation relationship. Analysis of data on vehicle recalls and recall‐related patents in the automotive sector from 1980 to 2019 confirms the inverted U‐shaped relationship and shows that the relationship is steepened by the growth potential of the firm. Overall, the study presents a more nuanced understanding of learning from product recalls and bridges the supply chain disruption and innovation literature in the context of product recall.
The author's moral right of withdrawal and its reasonable restriction or contractual waive
Authors: Veiksa Ingrida
Published: June 2023

Copyright protects original works of authorship by granting the author economic rights, which give the author an exclusive right of economic exploitation, and moral rights, which protect noneconomic interests of the author. Moral rights are not considered property, but an aspect of the author's personality. The aim of this study is to find a solution how to include one of the author's moral rights—the right of withdrawal—in the national legal acts, so that it meets the interests of both the author himself and the user of the work. The research question is: how much should it be necessary to limit the right of withdrawal so that neither the transferee of the economic rights nor other coauthors of the work suffer from its excessive use? To find an answer to the research question, international and national legal norms of various countries were studied, the materials of international conferences were analyzed, as well as the information available on the Internet about the origin, use, and development of moral rights were taken into account. There is a wide diversity of opinion on the application of right of withdrawal, as well as great differences in the laws of individual countries. Although the laws of Common Law countries include mandatory moral rights (according to the Berne Convention), the right of withdrawal in its classical form is not provided for in any of the analyzed countries. In Civil Law countries are different attitudes to withdrawal rights. Some Civil Law countries have and some have not included these rights in national copyright law. The right of withdrawal can be included in the catalog of moral rights of national copyright laws, but it cannot be an unlimited right. Certain limitations or exceptions must be established for specific types of work or specific situations of use. It should also be possible for the author to contractually transfer or waive certain moral rights in specific situations.
Convergent mechanisms of microglia‐mediated synaptic dysfunction contribute to diverse neuropathological conditions
Authors: Scott‐Hewitt Nicole , Huang Youtong , Stevens Beth
Published: June 2023

Changes in synaptic function are an early hallmark of neuropathological conditions that often precede symptom onset, with mounting genetic, transcriptional, and epidemiological evidence implicating microglia in this process. The correlation between infection and neurocognitive sequelae further suggests that environmental exposures modulate neuroimmune interactions and contribute to synaptic alterations. Recent studies investigating functional roles of microglia across broad neuropathological contexts including neurodegeneration, aging, neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurotropic infections reveal convergent mechanisms underlying microglial‐mediated synaptic dysfunction. We propose that early microglial changes, driven by genetic alterations coupled with environmental neuroimmune modulation, may be a common denominator that contributes to early synaptic pathologies. Here we review the evidence and discuss how microglia respond, and contribute, to synaptopathies across diverse neurological conditions, spotlighting their importance as broadly relevant therapeutic targets within neurological diseases.
Discrimination of paediatric acuity test optotypes by 6‐year‐old children
Authors: Hussaindeen Jameel Rizwana , Ramakrishnan Bhavatharini , Ravi Aishwarya , SundarRaj Monisha , Rakshit Archayeeta , Nosofsky Robert M. , Candy T. Rowan
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To compare the discrimination performance of 6‐year‐old children for optotypes from six paediatric visual acuity tests and to fit Luce's Biased Choice Model to the data to estimate the relative similarities and bias for each optotype.

Methods

Full data sets were collected from 20 typically developing 6‐year‐olds who had passed a vision screening. They were presented with single optotypes labelled 6/12 at a distance of 9 m and were asked to identify the optotype using a matching task containing all optotypes from the relevant test. The data were combined to form a confusion matrix for each test and a biased choice model was fitted to the data.

Results

Median correct performance varied from 40% to 100% across optotypes, with the HOTV test having the highest values. Estimates of the similarity of each pair of optotypes indicated equal values for all pairs in the Landolt C, HOTV, Lea numbers and Tumbling E tests. The values differed for the picture tests, that is Lea Symbols and Allen figures. The estimates of bias for each individual optotype also indicated different values with the picture tests.

Conclusions

Previous studies of the threshold acuity of young children and adults have indicated differences in acuity estimates across paediatric tests. A recognition acuity task typically requires resolving the difference information between optotypes. The performance of the 6‐year‐olds here reveals variance in similarity and bias values for picture tests, particularly for the Allen figures when compared with the Lea Symbols. Ideally, this analysis should be performed when designing new tests, and these results motivate progression from the use of current picture tests to well calibrated letter or number tests at the earliest possible age.
Long‐term effect of eplerenone treatment in children with chronic allograft nephropathy
Authors: Baskin Esra , Siddiqui Meraj Alam , Gülleroğlu Kaan , Özdemir Binnaz Handan , Yılmaz Aysun Çaltık , Çolak Meriç Yavuz , Akdur Aydıncan , Soy Ebru Ayvazoğlu , Moray Gökhan , Haberal Mehmet
Published: June 2023

Background

Literature supports the protective role of mineralocorticoid antagonist (MRA) against the renal injury induced by aldosterone in kidney transplant recipients. However, there is limited data available regarding the safety and efficacy of MRAs in pediatric renal transplant patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of long‐term eplerenone administration in children with chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN).

Methods

Twenty‐six renal transplant children with biopsy‐proven CAN, an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR ) > 40 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and with a significant proteinuria were included. Selected patients were randomly divided into two groups as follows; Group 1 (n = 10) patients received 25 mg/day eplerenone and Group 2 (n = 16) patients did not receive eplerenone for 36 months. Patients were examined in the renal transplant outpatient clinic biweekly for the first month and once a month thereafter. The primary outcome of the patients was compared.

Results

Mean eGFR stayed stable in group 1 patients, but significantly decreased in group 2 at 36 months (57.53 ± 7.53 vs. 44.94 ± 8.04 mL/min per 1.73 m2, p = .001). Similarly, spot protein–creatinine ratio was significantly lower in group 1 compared to group 2 patients at 36 months (1.02 ± 7.53 vs. 3.61 ± 0.53, p < .001). Eplerenone associated hyperkalemia was not observed in group 1 patients (4.6 ± 0.2 vs. 4.56 ± 0.3, p = .713).

Conclusion

The long‐term eplerenone administration blunted the chronic allograft nephropathy by maintaining a stable eGFR levels and decreasing urine protein–creatinine ratio. Eplerenone associated hyperkalemia was not observed in our study.
Wheelchair rugby players maintain sprint performance but alter propulsion biomechanics after simulated match play
Authors: Briley Simon J. , O’Brien Thomas J. , Oh Yim‐Taek , Vegter Riemer J. K. , Chan Mui , Mason Barry S. , Goosey‐Tolfrey Victoria L.
Published: June 2023

The study aimed to explore the influence of a sports‐specific intermittent sprint protocol (ISP) on wheelchair sprint performance and the kinetics and kinematics of sprinting in elite wheelchair rugby (WR) players with and without spinal cord injury (SCI). Fifteen international WR players (age 30.3 ± 5.5 years) performed two 10‐s sprints on a dual roller wheelchair ergometer before and immediately after an ISP consisting of four 16‐min quarters. Physiological measurements (heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and rating of perceived exertion) were collected. Three‐dimensional thorax and bilateral glenohumeral kinematics were quantified. Following the ISP, all physiological parameters significantly increased (p ≤ 0.027), but neither sprinting peak velocity nor distance traveled changed. Players propelled with significantly reduced thorax flexion and peak glenohumeral abduction during both the acceleration (both −5°) and maximal velocity phases (−6° and 8°, respectively) of sprinting post‐ISP. Moreover, players exhibited significantly larger mean contact angles (+24°), contact angle asymmetries (+4%), and glenohumeral flexion asymmetries (+10%) during the acceleration phase of sprinting post‐ISP. Players displayed greater glenohumeral abduction range of motion (+17°) and asymmetries (+20%) during the maximal velocity phase of sprinting post‐ISP. Players with SCI (SCI, n = 7) significantly increased asymmetries in peak power (+6%) and glenohumeral abduction (+15%) during the acceleration phase post‐ISP. Our data indicates that despite inducing physiological fatigue resulting from WR match play, players can maintain sprint performance by modifying how they propel their wheelchair. Increased asymmetry post‐ISP was notable, which may be specific to impairment type and warrants further investigation.
The Movement Against Democratic Backsliding in Israel
Authors: Shultziner Doron
Published: June 2023

The movement against democratic backsliding in Israel was perhaps the most powerful social movement that Israel has seen, spanning over 3 months. It is credited with halting the right‐wing coalition's anti‐democratic constitutional and judicial reforms. The paper analyzes and highlights key factors in the origins, protest, and outcome stages of the movement. The movement is interesting in how experiences and personal challenges of negative emotions were addressed and overcome by protesting. The movement is also marked by a strategy that helped separate local protest initiatives to coalesce into national disruption events. The most effective forms of pressure are analyzed: resistance headquarters, direct pressures on politicians, pressures by army veteran volunteers, the public involvement of experts, favorable media coverage, and pressures from international players. The movement's impact on stopping the legislation and turning public opinion against the government coalition is finally observed, alongside suggestions for future research.
Expanding Frontiers of Commercial Gentrification: Rent Gap and Sequential Gentrification in Taikoo Li of Chengdu, China
Authors: Huang Xing , Gu Hao
Published: June 2023

Gentrification has become one of the planetary processes in reorganising urban spaces. China is not immune to the process. Generations of scholarship on gentrification in China have generated considerable insights into its varying logics, morphologies and mechanism in the Chinese context. Yet, most research tends to focus on a geographically well‐demarcated area, driven either by the state or capital, while overlooking the externalities of these projects over time. Through the notion of the rent gap and the empirical case of Taikoo Li in Chengdu, we develop the new dynamic formation of the rent gap theoretical framework to explain how a commercial gentrification project changed the urban centre space and trigger new rounds of the effects of gentrification in surrounding neighbourhoods. In so doing, we underscore the hitherto overlooked roles of time and scale in theorising rent gap and gentrification in China.
The Impossible Portrait
Authors: DATTATREYAN ETHIRAJ GABRIEL
Published: June 2023

This article focuses on a portrait of a young Somali man living in Delhi, India. The portrait depicts him in a park in South Delhi wearing a cap distributed by the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) during their insurgent 2012‐2013 campaign to establish themselves as an alternative political force. I argue this parodic portrait and the text it accrues in its circulations on Facebook functions as anetworked image‐eventthat evinces the impossible contradictions that Somalis face in India. Tracing this networked image event reveals how a surging antiblackness linked to the rise of the AAP Party in Delhi punctuates the in‐betweenness that Somalis experience while they wait for life elsewhere.
Cyclical 10‐day dosing of melphalan for canine multiple myeloma
Authors: Teddy Lucy , Sylvester Skylar R. , O'Connor Kelly S. , Hume Kelly R.
Published: June 2023

Canine multiple myeloma (MM) is typically treated with melphalan chemotherapy. A protocol with repeated 10‐day cyclical dosing of melphalan has been used at our institution but has not been described in the literature. Our objectives were to describe the outcome and adverse events of this protocol in a retrospective case series. We hypothesised the cyclical 10‐day protocol would have similar outcomes compared to other reported chemotherapy protocols. Dogs diagnosed with MM that received melphalan treatment at Cornell University Hospital for Animals were identified through a database search. Records were retrospectively reviewed. Seventeen dogs met inclusion criteria. Lethargy was the most common presenting complaint. The median duration of clinical signs was 53 days (range, 2–150 days). Seventeen dogs had hyperglobulinemia with 16/17 having monoclonal gammopathies. Sixteen dogs had bone marrow aspiration and cytology performed at initial diagnosis and plasmacytosis was diagnosed in all. Based on serum globulin concentrations, 10 of 17 dogs (59%) achieved complete response (CR), and 3 dogs (18%) achieved partial response (PR), for an overall response rate of 76%. The median overall survival time was 512 days (range, 39–1065). Retinal detachment (n = 3) and maximum response of CR/PR (n = 13) were associated with overall survival on multivariate analysis (p = .045 and .046, respectively). Adverse events were minimal with diarrhoea being the most reported (n = 6). This cyclical 10‐day protocol was better‐tolerated with fewer adverse events than with other reported chemotherapy protocols, but response rate was also lower, likely due to a lower dosing intensity.
Perbualan berimplisit dalam Filem-Filem Klasik Malaysia (P. Ramlee): Analisis Semantik Inkuisitif
Authors: Hedel Nur Ezatull Fadtehah , Subet Mary Fatimah
Published: June 2023

Filem-filem klasik P. Ramlee turut menggunakan perbualan tersirat dalam menyampaikan sesuatu mesej namun tidak dapat diterjemah secara harfiah. Bagi merungkai perkara tersebut, maka, dua objektif diketengahkan iaitu mengenal pasti ujaran berimplisit dalam karya filem P. Ramlee dan menganalisis pemikiran dan keintelektualan masyarakat Melayu dalam filem tersebut. kajian kualitatif dengan menggunakan reka bentuk deskriptif dan analisis kandungan. Kajian kali ini hanya mengetengahkan lima buah data filem P. Ramlee yang mendapat jumlah tontonan yang tinggi di aplikasi YouTube daripada 10 filem yang terpilih. Namun, kajian ini hanya membincangkan filem Seniman Bujang Lapok yang melimitkan dua data untuk dianalisis. Data dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan semantik inkuisitif (SI) oleh Jalaluddin (2014), dibantu dengan aplikasi teori relevans (TR) daripada Sperber dan Wilson (1986, 1995) dan Rangka Rujuk Silang (RRS) daripada Kempson (1986). Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa filem-filem P. Ramlee mengandungi unsur pemikiran dan keintelektualan masyarakat Melayu yang terserlah daripada ujaran berimplisit tersebut. Oleh itu, berpandukan pendekatan SI, TR dan RRS, pengkaji dapat mengetahui asbab penggunaan ujaran berimplisit diujarkan dalam filem P. Ramlee dengan hubung kait data, teori, kognitif dan falsafah demi mencungkil akal budi penuturnya.
 
Ramlee’s classic films use implicit conversation to convey a message that cannot be translated literally. To unravel this, two objectives are highlighted, which is to identify implicit conversation and to analyze the thoughts and intellect of Malay society in that films. This qualitative study uses a descriptive design and content analysis. The study focuses on five P. Ramlee films with the high views on YouTube out of ten selected films. However, this study only focuses on “Seniman Bujang Lapok” film which only limits two data for analysis. The data is analyzed using the inquisitive semantics (SI) approach by Jalaluddin (2014), assisted by the Relevance Theory (RT) by Sperber and Wilson (1986, 1995) and Bridging Cross Reference (BCR) approach by Kempson (1986). The study found that P. Ramlee’s films contain elements of Malay society’s thoughts and intellect are highlighted through implicit conversation. Therefore, by using the IS, RT and BCR, the researcher can understand the reasons using implicit conversation in P. Ramlee’s films by connecting data, theory and philosophy in order to explore the wisdom of the people in the past that are high in intellect
The Realisation of Request Strategies among Malaysian Chinese Undergraduates
Authors: Michelle Gan , Lavania Manivannan Marsha
Published: June 2023

The speech act of request is the most generally employed speech act in social interaction (Wang, 2011) and one of the essential areas in the field of study (Muthusamy, 2016). This study focusses on the realisation of the speech act of request in the academic context. Specifically, this paper aims to address the request strategies, level of directness and request perspectives employed by the Malaysian Chinese ESL undergraduates. Written Discourse Completion Task was adapted to collect responses from 60 undergraduates at a private educational institution in the state of Johor, Malaysia. The results showed that most participants prefer query preparatory strategy at the conventionally indirect level and used the hearer-oriented perspective in most of their requests.
An Integrated Model of Autonomous Learning in Chinese-English Translation Learning: A Conceptual Paper
Authors: Liu Qian , Abdullah Tina , Myoung Sook Kang
Published: June 2023

Chinese-English (C-E) translation plays an essential role in China for its communication with the world, thus cultivating high-quality translators is of great value. Numerous attempts have recently been made to explore effective C-E translation learning methods. The present paper draws upon the findings of previous studies and integrates two theoretical pillars of autonomous learning and translation process to construct an integrated model of autonomous learning (IMAL) in C-E translation learning. This model involves learners, peers, and teachers with each playing their respective role in the autonomous learning process. Further theoretical and pedagogical underpinnings for this IMAL are discussed.
Fracture Resistance of Chemo-Mechanically Coupled Solid Solutions
Authors: Wang Xueju , Lu Mu , Zhou Min , Xia Shuman
Published: June 2023

Fracture in solid solutions, such as electrodes for lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells, is mediated by intricate interactions between solid-state diffusion and crack propagation. In this work, we developed a composition-dependent cohesive zone model and integrated it with a chemo-mechanical coupling constitutive model to study the fracture mechanisms of solid solutions. The computational framework was used to investigate the effective fracture properties of chemo-mechanically coupled solid solutions over a wide range of crack growth velocities and compositional dependence of intrinsic fracture energy. The results revealed an important characteristic crack velocity, which is set by the ratio of the diffusivity to the intrinsic fracture energy and dictates the effective fracture resistance of the material. We also applied the model to study the fracture behavior of two-phase lithiated silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) nanostructures as candidate high-capacity anodes for next-generation lithium-ion batteries, and showed that Ge nanostructures are more fracture resistant than their Si counterparts. The computational study presented here provides important insights for the rational design, operation, and mechanical testing of chemo-mechanically active material systems for their use in energy storage and conversion.
Bounds on the Poisson’s Ratios of Diamond-Like Structures
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhang Chunbo , Yang Hang , Gao Enlai
Published: June 2023

Poisson’s ratios of diamond-like structures, such as cubic C, Si, and Ge, have been widely explored because of their potential applications in solid-state devices. However, the theoretical bounds on the Poisson’s ratios of diamond-like structures remain unknown. By correlating macroscopic elastic constants with microscopic force constants of diamond-like structures, we here derived analytical expressions for the minimum Poisson’s ratio, the maximum Poisson’s ratio, and the Poisson’s ratios averaged by three schemes (i.e., Voigt averaging scheme, Reuss averaging scheme, and Hill averaging scheme) as solely a function of a dimensionless quantity (λ) that characterizes the ratio of mechanical resistances to the angle bending and bond stretching. Based on these expressions, we further determined the bounds on the Poisson’s ratios, the minimum Poisson’s ratio, the maximum Poisson’s ratio, and the Poisson’s ratios averaged by three schemes (i.e., Voigt averaging scheme, Reuss averaging scheme, and Hill averaging scheme), which are (−1, 4/5), (−1, 1/5), (0, 4/5), (−1, 1/2), (−1/3, 1/2), and (−2/3, 1/2), respectively. These results were well supported by atomistic simulations. Mechanism analyses demonstrated that the diverse Poisson’s behaviors of diamond-like structures result from the interplay between two deformation modes (i.e., bond stretching and angle bending). This work provides the roadmap for finding interesting Poisson’s behaviors of diamond-like structures.
Randomized evaluation of a school-based, trauma-informed group intervention for young women in Chicago
Authors: Bhatt Monica P. , Guryan Jonathan , Pollack Harold A. , Castrejon Juan C. , Clark Molly , Delgado-Sanchez Lucia , Lin Phoebe , Lubell Max , Pinto Poehls Cristobal , Shaver Ben , Sumners Makenzi
Published: June 2023

This study explores whether a school-based group counseling program for adolescent girls, implemented at scale, can mitigate trauma-related mental health harms. In a randomized trial involving 3749 Chicago public high school girls, we find that participating in the program for 4 months induces a 22% reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and find significant decreases in anxiety and depression. Results surpass widely accepted cost-effectiveness thresholds, with estimated cost-utility well below $150,000 per quality adjusted life year. We find suggestive evidence that effects persist and may even increase over time. Our results provide the first efficacy trial of such a program specifically designed for girls, conducted in America’s third largest city. These findings suggest the promise of school-based programs to mitigate trauma-related harms.
3D deconvolution of human skin immune architecture with Multiplex Annotated Tissue Imaging System
Authors: Scholaert Manon , Houmadi Raissa , Martin Jeremy , Serhan Nadine , Tauber Marie , Braun Emilie , Basso Lilian , Merle Eric , Descargues Pascal , Viguier Manuelle , Lesort Cécile , Chaput Benoît , Kanitakis Jean , Jullien Denis , Livideanu Cristina Bulai , Lamant Laurence , Pagès Emeline , Gaudenzio Nicolas
Published: June 2023

Routine clinical assays, such as conventional immunohistochemistry, often fail to resolve the regional heterogeneity of complex inflammatory skin conditions. We introduce MANTIS (Multiplex Annotated Tissue Imaging System), a flexible analytic pipeline compatible with routine practice, specifically designed for spatially resolved immune phenotyping of the skin in experimental or clinical samples. On the basis of phenotype attribution matrices coupled to α-shape algorithms, MANTIS projects a representative digital immune landscape while enabling automated detection of major inflammatory clusters and concomitant single-cell data quantification of biomarkers. We observed that severe pathological lesions from systemic lupus erythematosus, Kawasaki syndrome, or COVID-19–associated skin manifestations share common quantitative immune features while displaying a nonrandom distribution of cells with the formation of disease-specific dermal immune structures. Given its accuracy and flexibility, MANTIS is designed to solve the spatial organization of complex immune environments to better apprehend the pathophysiology of skin manifestations.
Complex organosulfur molecules on comet 67P: Evidence from the ROSINA measurements and insights from laboratory simulations
Authors: Mahjoub Ahmed , Altwegg Kathrin , Poston Michael J. , Rubin Martin , Hodyss Robert , Choukroun Mathieu , Ehlmann Bethany L. , Hänni Nora , Brown Michael E. , Blacksberg Jordana , Eiler John M. , Hand Kevin P.
Published: June 2023

The ROSINA (Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis) instrument aboard the Rosetta mission revolutionized our understanding of cometary material composition. One of Rosetta’s key findings is the complexity of the composition of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Here, we used ROSINA data to analyze dust particles that were volatilized during a dust event in September 2016 and report the detection of large organosulfur species and an increase in the abundances of sulfurous species previously detected in the coma. Our data support the presence of complex sulfur-bearing organics on the surface of the comet. In addition, we conducted laboratory simulations that show that this material may have formed from chemical reactions that were initiated by the irradiation of mixed ices containing H
2
S. Our findings highlight the importance of sulfur chemistry in cometary and precometary materials and the possibility of characterizing organosulfur materials in other comets and small icy bodies using the James Webb Space Telescope.