bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contact and creep characteristics of wheel–rail system under harmonic corrugation excitation
Authors: Lei Zhenyu , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: August 2020

To study the wheel–rail contact and creep characteristics and the evolution law of corrugation with different wavelengths, the wave-like wear is idealized as continuous harmonic excitations consisting of three wavelengths and wave depths, and the vehicle–track space coupled dynamic model is established for specific analysis. The results show that when the wavelength is fixed and the wave depth increases, the average values of rail/wheel vertical vibration acceleration and wheel–rail longitudinal creepage/creep force increase and the average value of transverse creepage/creep force decreases. But, when the wave depth is fixed and the wavelength increases, the average values of rail/wheel vertical vibration acceleration and longitudinal creepage/creep force decrease and the average value of transverse creepage/creep force increases. Both longitudinal and transverse creepages/creep forces contain the characteristic frequency consistent with the passing frequency of initial irregularity. The characteristic frequencies of longitudinal creepages/creep forces tend to develop in the high-frequency band with the increase of wave depth, whereas the characteristic frequencies of transverse creepages/creep forces concentrate in the low-frequency band and decrease with the increase of wave depth. Under the condition of the same wavelength, with the increase of operation times, the wear amount increases slightly in the low-frequency band but greatly in the middle- and high-frequency bands, which shows that rail corrugation will gradually develop toward short wavelength corrugation at the constant velocity. When rail corrugation is formed, its development speed will gradually slow down with the increase of vehicle running times, and the development speed of short wavelength corrugation is faster than that of long wavelength corrugation.
Motivated Fake News Perception: The Impact of News Sources and Policy Support on Audiences’ Assessment of News Fakeness
Authors: Tsang Stephanie Jean
Published: August 2020

An online experiment ( N = 280) exposed participants in Hong Kong to an anti-police WhatsApp news message during the extradition bill controversy. Although source verification is commonly recommended as a strategy to avoid being deceived by fake news, the findings did not reveal that the news source (legacy news outlet vs. online forum vs. no source) impacted the perceived fakeness of the news message. Nonetheless, participants holding opposing stances were found to perceive the same news message to be fake to significantly varying degrees, providing evidence that motivated reasoning plays in the spread of fake news.
Safety of ninety-minute daratumumab infusion
Authors: Lombardi Jeffrey , Boulin Mathieu , Devaux Madeline , Cransac Amélie , Pistre Pauline , Pernot Corinne , Payssot Alexandre , Lafon Ingrid , Caillot Denis , Gueneau Pauline
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Daratumumab is the first anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody of the class approved for recurrent and refractory multiple myeloma. Grade 3 and 4 Infusion-Related Reactions (IRRs) are frequent during the first and second infusions. Due to the risks associated with severe IRRs, daratumumab is systematically administered over a period of 3.5 hours. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of a 90-minute daratumumab infusion from the third infusion.

Patients and methods

All patients who had received two or more doses of daratumumab in monotherapy or in combination with standard infusion rates were included. We excluded patients enrolled in clinical trials. For the rapid infusion protocol, 20% of the dose was administered over 30 minutes and the remaining 80% over 60 minutes.

Results

From April 1 to May 31, 2019, 25 patients received 53 90-minute infusions of daratumumab. Premedication included corticosteroids, antipyretics, antihistamines, and if necessary a leukotriene receptor antagonist. No grade 3 or grade 4 IRRs were observed.

Conclusion

From the third infusion, we found that a rapid administration of daratumumab (90 vs 210 minutes) was well tolerated and safe. It would be interesting to test this regimen from the second infusion.
The Complementary and Substitutive Impact of Airbnb on The Bankruptcy of Traditional Hotels in The City of Barcelona
Authors: Maté-Sánchez-Val Mariluz
Published: August 2020

The effects of Airbnb on the hotel industry have been debated in different academic forums without a close answer about whether its effects on the hotel industry are complementary or substitutive. To help clarify this issue, this article proposes a business failure model to analyze the impact of Airbnb on the bankruptcy of traditional hotels. In particular, we develop a study case based on a sample of hotels in the city of Barcelona between 2015 and 2018. In addition, we distinguish Airbnb listings’ characteristics such as type of room or market concentration to show an additional understanding of Airbnb effects. Our results show that Airbnb plays a double complementary and substitutive role in traditional hotels’ disruption. In particular, we conclude that Airbnb’s private rooms and the concentration of the Airbnb market in fewer hosts are the main threats to traditional accommodation providers.
Promoting Equity in Teachers’ Use of Behavior-Specific Praise With Self-Monitoring and Performance Feedback
Authors: Knochel Ashley Elizabeth , Blair Kwang-Sun Cho , Kincaid Donald , Randazzo Anna
Published: August 2020

This study examined the impact of teacher training interventions on establishing equity in teacher implementation of a common positive behavior classroom support strategy, behavior-specific praise (BSP), in four elementary classrooms. Teacher self-monitoring and written performance feedback were used to support teachers in improving classroom practices by establishing proportionate praise and discipline practices across racially diverse students. A multiple-baseline across participants design was used to evaluate the impact of self-monitoring and written performance feedback with and without equity-focused procedures on teacher delivery of BSP and reprimands and their perception of student classroom behavior. Results indicated that the typical self-monitoring and written performance feedback were effective in increasing the participating teachers’ overall rates of delivering BSP and reducing reprimands; however, substantial disparities in praise delivery were observed among student racial groups across teachers. Additional feedback regarding equity was necessary for reducing disparities in teacher behavior. The results also indicated that teacher perception of student classroom behavior improved, as a result of the teacher training intervention.
Short single-wedge stems have higher risk of periprosthetic fracture than other cementless stem designs in Dorr type A femurs: a finite element analysis
Authors: Nandi Sumon , Shah Anoli , Joukar Amin , Becker Kevin , Crutchfield Cody , Goel Vijay
Published: August 2020

Background:

The use of total hip arthroplasty (THA) femoral stems that transmit force in a favourable manner to the femur may minimise periprosthetic fractures. Finite element analysis (FEA) is a computerised method that analyses the effect of forces applied to a structure with complex shape. Our aim was to apply FEA to compare primary THA cementless stem designs and their association with periprosthetic fracture risk.

Methods:

3-dimensional (3D) models of a Dorr Type A femur and 5 commonly used primary THA cementless stem designs (short single wedge, standard-length single wedge, modular, double-wedge metaphyseal filling, and cylindrical fully coated) were developed using computed tomography (CT) imaging. Implant insertion, single-leg stance, and twisting with a planted foot were simulated. FEA was performed, and maximum femoral strain along the implant-bone interface recorded.

Results:

Femoral strain was highest with short single-wedge stem design (0.3850) and lowest with standard-length single-wedge design (0.0520). Location of maximum femoral strain varied by stem design, but not with implant insertion, single-leg stance, or twisting with a planted foot. Strain was as high during implant insertion as with single-leg stance or twisting with a planted foot.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest the risk of intraoperative and postoperative periprosthetic fracture with THA in a Dorr A femur is highest with short single-wedge stems and lowest with standard-length single-wedge stems. Consideration may be given to minimising the use of short single-wedge stems in THA. Implant-specific sites of highest strain should be carefully inspected for fracture.
Preemptive analgesia in hip arthroscopy: intra-articular bupivacaine does not improve pain control after preoperative peri-acetabular blockade
Authors: Kazum Efi , Rath Ehud , Shlaifer Amir , Sharfman Zachary T , Martin Hal D , Eizenberg Gilad , Reider Evgeny , Amar Eyal
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

Literature addressing postoperative pain management after hip arthroscopy is relatively scarce. This study aimed to assess if there was added analgesic benefit associated with postoperative intra-articular bupivacaine blockade for patients who received preoperative peri-acetabular blockade for hip arthroscopy procedures.

Methods:

52 patients were included in this comparative cohort study. Group 1 consisted of 20 patients who received preoperative peri-acetabular blockade and postoperative intra-articular blockade. The control group (Group 2), consisted of 32 patients who received only preoperative peri-acetabular blockade. Postoperative pain was recorded via visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, analgesic consumption, and pain diaries for 2 weeks postoperatively.

Results:

Postoperative VAS pain scores were significantly lower in the experimental group at the 30-minute recovery room assessment (VAS scores Group 1: 1.1; Group 2: 3.00, p = 0.034). Other than the 30-minute recovery room assessment, VAS pain scores, narcotic medication consumption, and non-narcotic analgesic consumption did not differ between the 2 groups at any time point in the study period.

Conclusions:

This study did not demonstrate significant clinical benefit for patients who receive postoperative intra-articular blockade in addition to preoperative peri-acetabular blockade with bupivacaine 0.5%. We recommend the use of preoperative peri-acetabular bupivacaine blockade without intra-articular blockade postoperatively for pain control in the setting of hip arthroscopy surgery.
Primary hip arthroscopy and conversion to total hip arthroplasty: trends and survival analysis in the Medicare population
Authors: Malik Azeem T , Jain Nikhil , Scharschmidt Thomas J , Glassman Andrew H , Khan Safdar N
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

With limited evidence on national incidences of hip arthroscopy in the elderly population, the current study aims to investigate trends of primary hip arthroscopies being performed in the elderly population, using the US Medicare database, and determine risk factors for conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods:

Medicare Standard Analytic Files were queried using CPT codes to retrieve records of primary hip arthroscopies done for degenerative pathology during 2005–2014. Overall and age-stratified trends in the incidence of hip arthroscopy over time were analysed. Kaplan Meier survival curves were used to assess the overall 2-year conversion rate to a THA. Cox regression analysis was implemented to study risk factors for conversion.

Results:

8100 primary hip arthroscopies for degenerative pathology were performed during 2005–2014. There was a 280% increase in overall incidence of arthroscopy. The most commonly performed arthroscopic procedure was for chondroplasty and/or resection of labrum, with 4712 (58.1%) procedures. Around 18.5% patients underwent arthroplasty within 2 years after primary arthroscopy. Following Cox regression an existing diagnosis of osteoarthritis, ages 65–69, ages 70–74, and arthroscopies done in the West were associated with higher risk of conversion to THA within 2 years. Undergoing a repeat arthroscopy was not significantly associated with a higher risk of conversion.

Conclusions:

Despite inconclusive clinical evidence, hip arthroscopies are being increasingly used in patients older than 65 in the Medicare population. We conclude that patients in the age bracket of 65–74 years and with a pre-existing diagnosis of osteoarthritis, arthroscopy should be approached with caution.
Venous catheter at alternate exit site in a 2-year-old requiring long-term antibiotics for osteomyelitis: A case report
Authors: Ostroff Matthew D , Goldberg David , Bauhman Greg , Korb and Cheri
Published: August 2020

In the pediatric population, vascular access is often challenging to secure and to maintain, especially for long-term intravenous (IV) treatment. The traditional approach for patients who require long-term IV antibiotics is placement of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). The challenge in the pediatric population is the high risk of dislodgement after PICC placement, as these patients tend to pull their line out accidentally or purposefully. Current bedside options to prevent catheter dislodgement include adhesive securement devices, subcutaneous securement devices, sutures, and wrapping the site in gauze. However, these modalities often fail, leading to delay in administration of IV therapies, including life-saving antibiotics.

A novel approach to this very common and serious issue is to tunnel the catheter subcutaneously, thereby placing the exit site in a location difficult for the patient to reach. Tunneled catheters generally are placed in children for long-term vascular access and insertion has primarily been reserved for surgeons in the operating room or by interventional radiologists. The following case report describes a central venous access catheter placed in the internal jugular vein and tunneled to the medial dorsal thoracic region successfully at the bedside, using intracavitary electrocardiogram (ECG) navigation under moderate sedation. Although a novel exit site, the technique of tunneling and use of the jugular vein is no different than traditional tunneling techniques therefore it was not deemed necessary to seek internal review board approval.
Alternatives to Arrest for Illicit Opioid Use: A Joint Criminal Justice and Healthcare Treatment Collaboration
Authors: Yatsco Andrea J , Garza Rachel D , Champagne-Langabeer Tiffany , Langabeer James R
Published: August 2020

Opioid overdoses continue to be a leading cause of death in the US. This public health crisis warrants innovative responses to help prevent fatal overdose. There is continued advocacy for collaborations between public health partners to create joint responses. The high correlation between persons with opioid use disorder who have a history of involvement in the criminal justice system is widely recognized, and allows for treatment intervention opportunities. Law enforcement-led treatment initiatives are still relatively new, with a few sparse early programs emerging almost a decade ago and only gaining popularity in the past few years. A lack of published methodologies creates a gap in the knowledge of applied programs that are effective and can be duplicated. This article seeks to outline an interagency relationship between police and healthcare that illustrates arrest is not the only option that law enforcement may utilize when encountering persons who use illicit substances. Program methods of a joint initiative between law enforcement and healthcare in a large, metropolitan area will be reviewed, supplemented with law enforcement overdose data and statistics on law enforcement treatment referrals.
Utility of Inferior Lead Q-waveforms in diagnosing Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Subramany Swathi , Kattoor Ajoe John , Kovelamudi Swathi , Devabhaktuni Subodh , Mehta Jawahar L , Vallurupalli Srikanth , Paydak Hakan , Pothineni Naga Venkata K
Published: August 2020

Background:

Electrocardiogram (ECG) differentiation of wide complex tachycardia (WCT) into ventricular tachycardia (VT) and supraventricular tachycardia with aberration (SVT-A) is often challenging.

Objective:

To determine if the presence of Q-waveforms (QS, Qr, QRs) in the inferior leads (II, III, aVF) can differentiate VT from SVT-A in a WCT compared to Brugada algorithm. We studied 2 inferior lead criteria namely QWC-A where all the inferior leads had a similar Q wave pattern and QWC-B where only lead aVF had a Q-waveform.

Methods:

A total of 181 consecutive cases of WCT were identified, digitally separated into precordial leads and inferior leads and independently reviewed by 2 electrophysiologists. An electrocardiographic diagnosis of VT or SVT-A was assigned based on Brugada and inferior lead algorithms. Results were compared to the final clinical diagnosis.

Results:

VT was the final clinical diagnosis in 24.9% of ECG cohort (45/181); 75.1% (136/181) were SVT-A. QWC-A and QWC-B had a high specificity (93.3% and 82.8%) and accuracy (78.2% and 71.0%), but low sensitivity (33.3% and 35.6%) in differentiating VT from SVT-A. The Brugada algorithm yielded a sensitivity of 82.2% and specificity of 68.4%. Area under the curve in ROC analysis was highest with Brugada algorithm (0.75, 95% CI 0.69-0.81) followed by QWC-A (0.63, 95% CI 0.56-0.70) and QWC-B (0.59, 95% CI 0.52-0.67).

Conclusion:

QWC-A and QWC-B criteria had poor sensitivity but high specificity in diagnosing VT in patients presenting with WCT. Further research combining this simple criterion with other newer diagnostic algorithms can potentially improve the accuracy of the overall diagnostic algorithm.
‘Will God condemn me because I love boxing?’ Narratives of young female immigrant Muslim boxers in Norway
Authors: Tjønndal Anne , Hovden Jorid
Published: August 2020

This article examines the religious and gendered identities of female immigrant Muslim boxers. We aim to investigate the power relations, dominant ideologies and prejudices that are underpinning the life stories of these women boxers, as well as the moments of joy, freedom and transformation that their sport participation may include. The data are derived from life story interviews with two young female immigrant Muslim boxers in Norway. The theoretical framework is based on intersectionality and sociological theories of sport as a space for joy, self-determination and excitement. The narrative analysis shows how the interviewees endure conflict-filled relationships with their families as a result of their choice to compete in boxing. Simultaneously, they are subjected to discrimination and marginalization in the boxing environment. Strict dress codes for competitions and training, as well as a lack of understanding and respect from male leaders in the boxing community are highlighted as a main barrier for the interviewees when they describe their boxing careers. Nevertheless, the narratives express that they love boxing, because boxing represents a space for time-out, mastery and freedom and has become an all-encompassing part of their identity.
Dynamics of violent and dehumanizing rhetoric in far-right social media
Authors: Wahlström Mattias , Törnberg Anton , Ekbrand Hans
Published: August 2020

This article sheds light on mechanisms by which online social interactions contribute to instigating far-right political violence. It presents an analysis of how violence against ethnic and religious minorities is motivated and legitimized in social media, as well as the situational conditions for such violent rhetoric. Online violent rhetoric in a Swedish public far-right social media discussion group was studied using a combination of machine-learning tools and qualitative analysis. The analysis shows that violent rhetoric primarily occurs in the context of narratives about criminals and crimes with (imagined) immigrant perpetrators and often particularly vulnerable victims, linked to a social problem definition of a corrupt and failing state as well as the alleged need to deport immigrants. The use of dehumanizing and infrahumanizing expressions both legitimizes political violence and spurs negative emotions that may increase motivation for violent action.
Investigating the combined effects of group size and group composition in online discussion
Authors: Yang Tingting , Luo Heng , Sun Di
Published: August 2020

Discussion has been widely used in courses, both online and otherwise, as it provides opportunities for students to construct knowledge through interaction with peers and instructors. Grouping students is a prominent strategy in the use of discussion. However, simply dividing students cannot guarantee active participation and high learning performance. There is therefore a need to pay attention to the structure and/or features of grouping, especially group size and group composition. The study described in this article focuses on the combined effects of group size and group composition in online discussion. It investigates whether students in small groups have different participation behaviors and learning performance compared to students in whole-class discussion. In addition, the influence of group composition is examined by comparing students’ participation and learning performance from high, medium, and low social-connected groups. Furthermore, this study also investigates how students’ perceived learning experience differs among these three differently-connected group compositions. The results indicate significantly different participation behaviors and learning performance between small-group and whole-class discussion. The effects of group composition are also shown in students’ learning behaviors, performance, and perceived experience. The results also reveal both advantages and disadvantages of different group types. The findings are expected to inform the design and implementation of grouping methods and extend our understanding of online discussion.
Evening early childhood education and care: Reformulating the institutional culture
Authors: Salonen Eija , Sevón Eija , Laakso Marja-Leena
Published: August 2020

The article investigates the ongoing reformulation of the institutional culture of early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Finnish evening ECEC. Educators’ practices in implementing evening ECEC were explored and viewed through the lens of young children’s belonging. Data were collected by observing the evenings of eight children aged 20–36 months in two Finnish centers offering flexibly scheduled ECEC and analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. Three main themes of educators’ practices were identified: (1) managing a unique and changing social group, (2) fostering homeliness, and (3) maintaining routines and institutional order. While these practices mostly contributed to child-responsive interactions supportive of young children’s belonging, in some of them individual children’s initiatives were not responded to, thereby challenging their belonging. Overall, educators’ practices in implementing evening ECEC manifested the orientation of the institutional culture of ECEC toward the present ideals regarding young children’s belonging.
Situational Action Theory and the particular case of settings including a group
Authors: Kleinewiese Julia
Published: August 2020

Situational Action Theory (SAT) postulates that personal crime propensity and the setting’s criminogenic features are direct causes of crime. This perspective also places a central focus on the moral factors involved. The moral norms of settings have not yet been exhaustively examined in regard to the aspects that may influence them. This theoretical article applies SAT to the particular case of settings including a group. Building upon previous literature on social cohesion in groups (such as team spirit/esprit de corps), the group present in the setting is presumably more likely to be identified by the individual if such group cohesiveness is high. When perceived, the moral norms of the group and deterrence should have an influence through becoming part of the setting in the causation of crime, according to SAT. This application suggests that SAT is a fruitful approach for explaining the impacts of groups on crime.
Unwinding Complexities of Diabetic Alzheimer by Potent Novel Molecules
Authors: Gupta Sumeet , Nair Anroop , Jhawat Vikas , Mustaq Nazia , Sharma Abhishek , Dhanawat Meenakshi , Khan Shah Alam
Published: August 2020

Diabetes mellitus is one of the aggressive disorders in global society. No pharmacotherapy is available for permanent diabetes cure, although management is possible with drugs and physical activities. One of the recent complications noticed in type 2 diabetes mellitus includes diabetes-induced Alzheimer. It has been proposed that the possible diabetes-induced Alzheimer could be of type 3 diabetes. A variety of cross-sectional studies have proved that type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the factors responsible for the pathophysiology of Alzheimer. New drug molecules developed by pharmaceutical companies with adequate neuroprotective effect have demonstrated their efficacy in treatment of Alzheimer in various preclinical diabetic studies. Patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus may show the benefit with existing drugs but may not cause complete cure. Extensive studies are being carried out to find new drug molecules that show their potential as antidiabetic drug and could treat type 2 diabetes–induced Alzheimer as well. This review provides an overview about the recent advancement in pharmacotherapy of diabetes-induced Alzheimer. The pathomechanistic links between diabetes and Alzheimer as well as neurochemical changes in diabetes-induced Alzheimer are also briefed.
Development of Professional Care Program for Nurses in Dementia Wards and Its Educational Effects
Authors: Takeuchi Yoko , Kato Mayumi , Kitamura Tatsuru , Toda Daisuke , Taniguchi Yoshimi , Shogenji Miho , Tsujiguchi Hiromasa
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

To develop an education program for nurses specializing in dementia care, and to investigate its effects.

Methods:

An intervention study of nurses was conducted using a quasi-experiment with 3 randomly assigned groups. Participants were 51 nurses from a psychiatric hospital dementia ward, divided into an intervention program group (17 nurses), a knowledge-acquisition-only group (16 nurses), and a usual-care group (18 nurses) as controls. The program group intervention comprised 3 frameworks: motivation for achieving the task, acquisition of professional knowledge required for dementia care, and sharing of successful experiences based on professional knowledge. The knowledge-acquisition-only group received only the acquisition of professional knowledge framework, and the usual-care group received only the usual-care framework. The intervention period was 3 months.

Results:

Post-intervention, the program group had a significantly greater sense of self-efficacy associated with professional knowledge and significantly greater self-efficacy associated with practice compared with the knowledge-acquisition-only and the usual-care groups. Professional knowledge was acquired by 80% of the program group, compared with 70% of the knowledge-acquisition-only group. A co-occurrence network diagram of the multivariate analysis results produced by text mining of the descriptive data indicated that nurses provided care for symptoms specific to different diseases based on their pathological mechanisms.

Conclusion:

Program implementation led to the acquisition of deeper knowledge and greater self-efficacy by sharing expertise-based practices and successful experiences, compared with desk-based learning in a single workshop lecture, suggesting the program’s usefulness in clinical practice.
The Effect of Cold Water on Pain Evaluation During Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Dressing Changes: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Chattinnakorn Suphot , Suwajo Poonpissamai , Meevassana Jiraroch , Nilprapha Kasama , Pungrasmi Pornthep , Promniyom Pasu , Iamphongsai Seree , Jindarak Sirachai , Angspatt Apichai
Published: August 2020

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a technique using vacuum dressing to promote wound healing in complicated wound. However, for many patients, the application and removal of the NPWT is source of procedural pain. The authors hypothesized that administering cold sterile water into the NPWT sponge would decrease pain during dressing changes. A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted on 27 patients who were undergoing 81 NPWT wound dressing changes (n = 81) at a single institution between October 2016 and September 2017. Each patient had 3 NPWT dressing changes. Cold sterile water (5.74 °C), room temperature sterile water (26.89 °C), and nothing were randomized and administered in the NPWT tubing into the sponge 10 minutes before changing the dressing in each and every procedure. Pain scores were assessed using a 0 to 10 numeric pain scale. Patients administered with cold water reported less pain than those administered with room temperature sterile water during the dressing change (4 vs 5.67; P < .003), and much less pain than those with nothing instilled before dressing change (4 vs 6.59; P < .001). There is no statistically significant difference in pain score between using the room temperature sterile water group and the control group that instilled nothing (5.67 vs 6.59; P = .065). This study has shown that cold water administered through the suction tubing before the dressing change had a better reduction in pain score than using room temperature sterile water and the control group.
Research Progress of Radiolabeled Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) Peptides for Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Zhu Liqin , Ding Zhikai , Li Xingliang , Wei Hongyuan , Chen Yue
Published: August 2020

Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) motifs have vasculature-homing properties via interactions with the aminopeptidase N (CD13) expressed on tumor neovasculature. Numerous NGR peptides with different molecular scaffolds have been exploited for targeted delivery of different compounds for imaging and therapy. When conjugated with NGR, complexes recognize the CD13 receptor expressed on the tumor vasculature, which improves the specificity to tumor and avoids systematic toxic reactions. Both preclinical and clinical studies performed with these products suggest that NGR-mediated vascular targeting is an effective strategy for delivering bioactive amounts of cytokines to tumor endothelial cells. For molecular imaging, radiolabeled peptides have been the most successful approach and have been translated into clinic. This review describes current data on radiolabeled tumor vasculature-homing NGR peptides for imaging and therapy.
First Bite Syndrome: Presentation of a Patient Status-Post Right Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Charles-Harris Håkan , Rodriguez Betsy
Published: August 2020

First bite syndrome (FBS) is a sharp unilateral pain in the vicinity of the angle of the mandible after taking the first bite of a meal that presents typically after surgery in the area of the ipsilateral parapharyngeal space. It is not confirmed what the pathophysiology is that causes this pain, but the proposed mechanism is the iatrogenic damage of sympathetic fibers that extend from the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) to innervate the parotid gland. The presentation of this syndrome has been acknowledged in patients who have undergone head and neck tumor resections, but it has not been documented in the same thorough manner among vascular surgery cases in the parapharyngeal space, possibly because of a higher risk of development in other head and neck surgeries, or to under-reporting of cases. To date, only 5 cases of FBS status post carotid endarterectomy have been documented in the literature. Definitive treatment of FBS has not been established. Some studies have shown improvement with amitriptyline, and carbamazepine as well as botulinum toxin injections. We will present the case of a 75 year old male who developed first bite syndrome after a right carotid endarterectomy with efforts of raising awareness of a potential acute complication of carotid endarterectomy.
Harmonious Relations: A Framework for Studying Varieties of Peace in Music-Based Peacebuilding
Authors: Howell Gillian
Published: August 2020

This article presents an analytical framework for systematically studying the relationships portrayed within music-based peacebuilding and their respective representations of peace. Music activities with peacebuilding objectives work predominantly within a relational concept of peace, bringing into existence relationships between sounds, people, and spaces through which behaviours such as non-dominance and cooperation can be enacted. However, each of these relationships can communicate different ideas about peace and its manifestation, communications that may be inconsistent with each other and with the activity’s peaceful intentions. The “harmonious relations” framework that this article introduces is a tool for capturing and analysing these embedded relationships and representations. It uses concepts of harmony as a heuristic for critically appraising music’s potential contributions to peace in development contexts, synthesising ideas about relationships in peace and music from peace studies, musicology, philosophy and anthropology. The case of the Zohra Ensemble from Afghanistan illustrates its application.
Prefrontal Cortex Activity During Walking: Effects of Aging and Associations With Gait and Executive Function
Authors: Nóbrega-Sousa Priscila , Gobbi Lilian Teresa Bucken , Orcioli-Silva Diego , Conceição Núbia Ribeiro da , Beretta Victor Spiandor , Vitório Rodrigo
Published: August 2020

Background

Declines in gait parameters are common with aging and more pronounced in tasks with increased executive demand. However, the neural correlates of age-related gait impairments are not fully understood yet.

Objectives

To investigate ( a) the effects of aging on prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity and gait parameters during usual walking, obstacle crossing and dual-task walking and ( b) the association between PFC activity and measures of gait and executive function.

Methods

Eighty-eight healthy individuals were distributed into 6 age-groups: 20-25 (G20), 30-35 (G30), 40-45 (G40), 50-55 (G50), 60-65 (G60), and 70-75 years (G70). Participants walked overground under 3 conditions: usual walking, obstacle crossing, and dual-task walking. Changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in the PFC were recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Gait spatiotemporal parameters were assessed using an electronic walkway. Executive function was assessed through validated tests.

Results

Between-group differences on PFC activity were observed for all conditions. Multiple groups (ie, G30, G50, G60, and G70) showed increased PFC activity in at least one of the walking conditions. Young adults (G20 and G30) had the lowest levels of PFC activity while G60 had the highest levels. Only G70 showed reduced executive function and gait impairments (which were more pronounced during obstacle crossing and dual-task walking). PFC activity was related to gait and executive function.

Conclusions

Aging causes a gradual increase in PFC activity during walking. This compensatory mechanism may reach the resource ceiling in the 70s, when reduced executive function limits its efficiency and gait impairments are observed.
Antegrade Cardioplegia Decannulation Made Simple With the Cor-Knot System: Technique and Tips After 20 Consecutive and Controlled Patients
Authors: Panos Aristotelis , Mpellos Kyriakos , Vlad Sylvio , Myers Patrick O.
Published: August 2020

Closing the cardioplegia cannulation site can be challenging in minimally invasive video-assisted cardiac surgery. The Cor-Knot system is used to tie down valve sutures within the heart efficiently, although erosions to neighboring structures are reported. We hypothesized that a modification of the Cor-Knot system could enable safe hemostasis of the cardioplegia aortic root site and avoid erosions of the aorta or right atrium. This is a single-arm prospective study including 20 consecutive patients operated through a video-assisted method at our clinic between January 2019 and February 2019. At the end of the procedure, the suture was passed through a Cor-Knot device and crimped on a band of Teflon-felt. The two tips of the Teflon-felt toward the right atrium were put together and tightened with a 5/0 Prolene suture in order to protect the sharp ends of the device. Hemostasis was achieved using the technique in all 20 patients, with no requirement for further suture placement to ensure hemostasis of the cardioplegia cannulation site. The device was protected from the right atrial appendage and there was no bleeding. At 6-month follow-up, no patients required a reoperation for aortic or right atrial erosion. The Cor-Knot system was used off-label to close the cardioplegia cannulation site in minimally invasive surgery. This appears safe and effective in our initial 20-patient experience.
Superselective Arterial Embolization of Arteriovenous Malformation of Internal Pudendal Artery, a Rare Cause of Hematuria: A Case Report
Authors: Qiu Shixiang , Wei Xin , Hu Hong , Zhao Xiaowei , Wen Xiaoxia , Zhong Li-Ming
Published: August 2020

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a common form of vascular malformation, an abnormal direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the capillaries. AVM may just present as hematuria without plain or other symptoms. The article presents a case of a 52-year-old male with gross hematuria diagnosed as AVM of internal pudendal artery, which was successfully managed with superselective arterial embolization using temporary embolization materials.
Contralateral approach to transverse-sigmoid sinus stenting
Authors: Gordon Weston , Abraham Michael
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Endovascular dural venous sinus stenting (DVSS) has emerged as a safe and effective therapy for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in patients with transverse-sinus stenosis associated with an elevated mean pressure gradient (MPG). The typical antegrade approach, jugular to sigmoid to transverse, is not always technically feasible due to the degree of stenosis and other anatomic factors. To this point, there has been no reported cases of contralateral DVSS. We describe four cases of DVSS from a contralateral transverse-sigmoid sinus approach.

Methods

We describe 4 patients presenting with symptoms of IIH between 2019 and 2020 who we treated with contralateral transverse-sigmoid sinus stenting. Cases were reviewed for clinical data including initial presenting symptoms, devices used, other attempted IIH treatments, and follow up symptoms.

Results

Four female patients were identified and treated under general endotracheal anesthesia. Stenoses measured 72%, 78%, 67%, and 70% with MPGs across the transverse-sigmoid sinus of 19, 16, 9 and 13 mmHg, respectively. Post-stenting MPGs were 1, 0, 1 and 1 mmHg, respectively. Three patients had complete resolution of symptoms and 1 had partial resolution. No complications occurred.

Conclusions

This case series demonstrates successful transverse-sigmoid sinus stenting from the contralateral dural sinus and provides an alternative approach to DVSS in patients with IIH.
Challenges and prospects in Chinese pharmaceutical regulatory environment
Authors: Tripathy Swagat , Murthy PN , Patra BP , Mehra Pooja , Dureja Harish
Published: August 2020

Background

China’s pharmaceutical market is growing at a healthy pace. This is due to potential rising per capita income, an increasing elderly population, urbanisation demographics and more access to health care.

Methodology

The methodology used is a comparative study on the basis of original empirical research. More specifically, the part of examination facts and regulation has been written by conducting empirical research on current international and national resource concerning the subject from books, various guidelines, rules and regulation, articles, published reports and internet.

Results

Generally the regulatory environment in China has been considered as an very challenging one. From regulatory perspective, CFDA regulations have not been stringent enough nor has it been robust enough to create a quality supply of medications, with (1) concerns in the subject matter, quality comparison between international regulatory standard and usually accepted local products and manufactures set standards; (2) a timeline for regulatory assessment and authorization of new drugs which is much longer in comparison to most countries; (3) less number of regulatory reviewer which has led to a backlog of earlier application. The journey to reshape China from ‘made-in-China’ to ‘discovered-in-China’ is highly challenging. (4) Complications with local protection, corruption and a lack of transparency. The directives from Government has recognized the need for significant system-level transformations for streamlining the pharmaceutical regulatory environment.

Conclusion

Continuing on the route of reform is promising that all Chinese citizens is eventually having access to safe, effective and high-quality medications in affordable price. These reformations are encouraging and promising not only for China’s health care system, but also for global Pharmaceutical industry and that’s the reason, now many big Pharma companies are considering China as a prime focus. The companies need to make use of the new opportunities, accessible to experience the benefit of faster time-to-market, and cause rewarding growth prospect for both domestic/ multinational companies.
Unconsented acknowledgments as a form of authorship abuse: What can be done about it?
Authors: Koljatic Mladen
Published: August 2020

Unwelcome or unconsented acknowledgments is an unethical practice seldom addressed. It constitutes a form of authorship abuse perpetrated in the acknowledgments section of published research, where the victim is credited as having made a contribution to the paper, without having given their consent, and often without having seen a draft of the paper. The acknowledgment may be written in such a way as to imply endorsement of the study’s data and conclusions. Through a real-life case, this paper explores the issue of unconsented acknowledgments and makes recommendations to prevent its occurrence, thereby promoting research integrity.
Differential induction of innate memory in porcine monocytes by β-glucan or bacillus Calmette-Guerin
Authors: Byrne Kristen A , Tuggle Christopher K , Loving Crystal L
Published: August 2020

Innate immunomodulation via induction of innate memory is one mechanism to alter the host’s innate immune response to reduce or prevent disease. Microbial products modulate innate responses with immediate and lasting effects. Innate memory is characterized by enhanced (training) or depressed (tolerance) innate immune responses, including pro-inflammatory cytokine production, to secondary exposure following a priming event. To investigate the ability of β-glucans and bacillus Calmette-Guerin to induce innate training or tolerance in pig cells, porcine monocytes were cultured with priming agonist (β-glucans or bacillus Calmette-Guerin) then re-stimulated 5 d later with a heterologous microbial agonist to determine induction of innate memory. Priming with β-glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae depressed IL-1β and TNF-α cytokine responses to re-stimulation with LPS, indicative of a tolerized state. However, bacillus Calmette-Guerin priming induced a trained state in porcine monocytes, as LPS re-stimulation enhanced IL-1β and TNF-α gene expression and protein production. We present the first evidence of innate memory in pig monocytes, with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (training) or Saccharomyces cerevisiae β-glucan (tolerance). Induction of a trained or tolerized state in vitro is a first step to identify agonists to alter the innate immune system at the animal level with the intent of enhancing disease resistance.
Surfactant replacement might help recovery of low-compliance lung in severe COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Busani Stefano , Dall’Ara Lorenzo , Tonelli Roberto , Clini Enrico , Munari Elena , Venturelli Sophie , Meschiari Marianna , Guaraldi Giovanni , Cossarizza Andrea , Ranieri V. Marco , Girardis Massimo
Published: August 2020

The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
The Hedonic Character of Nostalgia: An Integrative Data Analysis
Authors: Leunissen Joost , Wildschut Tim , Sedikides Constantine , Routledge Clay
Published: August 2020

We conducted an integrative data analysis to examine the hedonic character of nostalgia. We combined positive and negative affect measures from 41 experiments manipulating nostalgia ( N = 4,659). Overall, nostalgia inductions increased positive and ambivalent affect, but did not significantly alter negative affect. The magnitude of nostalgia’s effects varied markedly across different experimental inductions of the emotion. The hedonic character of nostalgia, then, depends on how the emotion is elicited and the benchmark (i.e., control condition) to which it is compared. We discuss implications for theory and research on nostalgia and emotions in general.
A Text Messaging Intervention With Financial Incentive for Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Kaushal Tara , Katz Lorraine E. Levitt , Joseph Janet , Marowitz Michelle , Morales Knashawn H. , Atkins Daniel , Ritter Dean , Simon Reid , Laffel Lori , Lipman Terri H.
Published: August 2020

Background:

Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have higher hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels than others. In general, adolescents engage with text messaging (TM) and financial incentives, both associated with improved diabetes outcomes. This study aimed to assess the impact of a TM intervention with financial incentives on self-care behaviors and HbA1c.

Methods:

A six-month randomized controlled trial compared MyDiaText™, a TM education and support application, with standard care. The sample included 166 teens with T1D, 12-18 years old, attending a diabetes clinic. The intervention group received one daily TM and were instructed to respond. Participants who responded to TMs for the most consecutive days were eligible for a financial reward biweekly via lottery. All participants received prompts to complete the self-care inventory (SCI) at baseline, 90, and 180 days. HbA1c was collected at clinic visits. Changes in SCI and HbA1c were analyzed using a multilevel mixed-effects linear regression model. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were performed.

Results:

The median TM response rate was 59% (interquartile range 40.1%-85.2%) and decreased over time. After adjustment for baseline characteristics, in per-protocol analysis, there was a statistically significant difference in SCI score increase in those receiving one TM per day vs control ( P = .035). HbA1c decreased overall, without significant difference between groups ( P = .786).

Conclusions:

A TM intervention with financial incentives for adolescents with T1D in suboptimal control was associated with increasing self-care report; however, glycemic control did not differ from controls. Further research is needed to develop digital health interventions that will impact glycemic control.