bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
H3K27ac mediated SS18/BAFs relocation regulates JUN induced pluripotent-somatic transition
Authors: Lin Runxia , Zhai Ziwei , Kuang Junqi , Wu Chuman , Yao Yuxiang , Shi Ruona , He Jiangping , Xu Shuyang , Li Pengli , Fan Yixin , Li Wei , Wu Zichao , Li Xiaoxi , Ming Jin , Guo Jing , Wang Bo , Li Dongwei , Cao Shangtao , Zhang Xiaofei , Li Yi , Pei Duanqing , Liu Jing
Published: June 2022

Background

The exit from pluripotency or pluripotent-somatic transition (PST) landmarks an event of early mammalian embryonic development, representing a model for cell fate transition.

Results

In this study, using a robust JUN-induced PST within 8 h as a model, we investigate the chromatin accessibility dynamics (CAD) as well as the behaviors of corresponding chromatin remodeling complex SS18/BAFs, to probe the key events at the early stage of PST. Here, we report that, JUN triggers the open of 34661 chromatin sites within 4 h, accomplished with the activation of somatic genes, such as Anxa1, Fosl1. ChIP-seq data reveal a rapid relocation of SS18/BAFs from pluripotent loci to AP-1 associated ones. Consistently, the knockdown of Brg1, core component of BAF complexes, leads to failure in chromatin opening but not closing, resulting in delay for JUN induced PST. Notably, the direct interaction between SS18/BAFs and JUN-centric protein complexes is undetectable by IP-MS. Instead, we show that H3K27ac deposited by cJUN dependent process regulates SS18/BAFs complex to AP1-containing loci and facilitate chromatin opening and gene activation.

Conclusions

These results reveal a rapid transfer of chromatin remodeling complexes BAF from pluripotent to somatic loci during PST, revealing a simple mechanistic aspect of cell fate control.
Some inequalities on multi-functions for applying in the fractional Caputo–Hadamard jerk inclusion system
Authors: Etemad Sina , Iqbal Iram , Samei Mohammad Esmael , Rezapour Shahram , Alzabut Jehad , Sudsutad Weerawat , Goksel Izzet
Published: June 2022

Results reported in this paper establish the existence of solutions for a class of generalized fractional inclusions based on the Caputo–Hadamard jerk system. Under some inequalities between multi-functions and with the help of special contractions and admissible maps, we investigate the existence criteria. Fixed points and end points are key roles in this manuscript, and the approximate property for end points helps us to derive the desired result for existence theory. An example is prepared to demonstrate the consistency and correctness of analytical findings.
Medical cannabis regulation: an overview of models around the world with emphasis on the Brazilian scenario
Authors: de Souza Maíra Ribeiro , Henriques Amélia Teresinha , Limberger Renata Pereira
Published: June 2022

Cannabis sativa has accompanied humankind since ancient times, permeating the most diverse aspects of its existence, among which the search for health promotion and well-being stands out. Nevertheless, during the twentieth century, a series of restrictions and controls have been adopted internationally to prevent the abusive use of this species. Despite that, there has been an increased demand for the medical use of cannabis and its derivatives in the last few decades, especially among patients with debilitating conditions for which the existing therapeutic alternatives are limited. Accordingly, several countries have adopted regulatory strategies to allow access to cannabis-based products. This study aimed to overview the existing regulatory frameworks for medical cannabis around the world, focusing on the current Brazilian scenario. In addition to supply and access regulation aspects, some quality-related issues regarding cannabis-based pharmaceutical products were addressed, with emphasis on risks to patients. The literature research was performed between October 2020 and March 2021. According to the retrieved information, by the time the data collection was completed, thirty-six countries had already implemented regulatory frameworks regarding medical cannabis, and sixteen countries had models under development or in the process of implementation. The characteristics of the assessed regulatory strategies vary considerably from country to country, reflecting sociocultural, historical, and political aspects. Among the key aspects that differed between the assessed models, one can highlight the type of cannabis products that are made available and the technical requirements applied to them, as well as the possible access mechanisms. Different supply regulation strategies were also observed regarding cannabis cultivation, production licensing, and distribution mechanisms. In Brazil, an evolution of the regulatory framework has been noticeable since 2015, even though pending points are still to be addressed, among which are the species’ cultivation and the access to it for scientific research purposes. Constructing a regulatory model which provides access to good quality cannabis-based medicines that may meet the patient’s needs is still a challenge in the coming years, requiring the engagement of various stakeholders, including regulators, members of the academic community, prescribing professionals, and patients.
Post-COVID-19: can digital solutions lead to a more equitable global healthcare workforce?
Authors: Khan Nagina , Gilliar Wolfgang , Bamrah J. S. , Dave Subodh
Published: June 2022

An unintended consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic has been the exponential growth of telemedicine, with automation of healthcare becoming more common. Face-to-face meetings and training events have been replaced relatively seamlessly with online versions, taking clinical or academic expertise to distant parts of the world and making them more accessible and affordable. The wide reach of digital platforms offering remote healthcare offers the opportunity of democratising access to high-quality healthcare, However, certain challenges remain: (a) clinical guidance developed in one geographical area may need adaptation for use in others; (b) regulatory mechanisms from one jurisdiction need to offer patient safety across other jurisdictions; (c) barriers created by disparity in technology infrastructure and the variation in pay for services across different economies, leading to brain drain and an inequitable workforce. The World Health Organization's Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel could offer the preliminary framework on which solutions to these challenges could be built.
Food to Overcome Outcomes Disparities: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Food Insecurity Interventions to Improve Cancer Outcomes
Authors: Gany Francesca , Melnic Irina , Wu Minlun , Li Yuelin , Finik Jackie , Ramirez Julia , Blinder Victoria , Kemeny Margaret , Guevara Elizabeth , Hwang Caroline , Leng Jennifer
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE

Food insecurity is prevalent among low-income immigrant and minority patients with cancer. To our knowledge, this randomized controlled trial is the first to prospectively examine the impact on cancer outcomes of food insecurity interventions, with the goal of informing evidence-based interventions to address food insecurity in patients with cancer.

METHODS

A three-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted among food-insecure (18-item US Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Survey Module score ≥ 3) patients with cancer (N = 117) at four New York City safety net cancer clinics. Arms included a hospital cancer clinic–based food pantry (arm 1), food voucher plus pantry (arm 2), and home grocery delivery plus pantry (arm 3). Treatment completion (primary outcome) and full appointment attendance were assessed at 6 months. Food security status, depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and quality-of-life scores (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General) were assessed at baseline and at 6 months.

RESULTS

Voucher plus pantry had the highest treatment completion rate (94.6%), followed by grocery delivery plus pantry (82.5%) and pantry (77.5%;
P
= .046). Food security scores improved significantly in all arms, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General scores improved significantly in the pantry and delivery plus pantry arms.

CONCLUSION

Our findings in this preliminary study suggest that voucher plus pantry was the most effective intervention at improving treatment completion, and it met our a priori criterion for a promising intervention (≥ 90%). All interventions demonstrated the potential to improve food security among medically underserved, food-insecure patients with cancer at risk of impaired nutrition status, reduced quality of life, and poorer survival. All patients with cancer should be screened for food insecurity, with evidence-based food insecurity interventions made available.
Metastatic Rhabdomyosarcoma: Results of the European Paediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group MTS 2008 Study and Pooled Analysis With the Concurrent BERNIE Study
Authors: Schoot Reineke A. , Chisholm Julia C. , Casanova Michela , Minard-Colin Veronique , Geoerger Birgit , Cameron Alison L. , Coppadoro Beatrice , Zanetti Ilaria , Orbach Daniel , Kelsey Anna , Rogers Timothy , Guizani Cecile , Elze Markus , Ben-Arush Myriam , McHugh Kieran , van Rijn Rick R. , Ferman Sima , Gallego Soledad , Ferrari Andrea , Jenney Meriel , Bisogno Gianni , Merks Johannes H.M.
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE

Outcome for patients with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is poor. This study presents the results of the MTS 2008 study with a pooled analysis including patients from the concurrent BERNIE study.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

In MTS 2008, patients with metastatic RMS received four cycles of ifosfamide, vincristine, and actinomycin D (IVA) plus doxorubicin, five cycles of IVA, and 12 cycles of maintenance chemotherapy (low-dose cyclophosphamide and vinorelbine). The BERNIE study randomly assigned patients to the addition or not of bevacizumab to the same chemotherapy. Local therapy (surgery/radiotherapy) was given to the primary tumor and all metastatic sites when feasible.

RESULTS

MTS 2008 included 270 patients (median age, 9.6 years; range, 0.07-20.8 years). With a median follow-up of 50.3 months, 3-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 34.9% (95% CI, 29.1 to 40.8) and 47.9% (95% CI, 41.6 to 53.9), respectively. In pooled analyses on 372 patients with a median follow-up of 55.2 months, 3-year EFS and OS were 35.5% (95% CI, 30.4 to 40.6) and 49.3% (95% CI, 43.9 to 54.5), respectively. Patients with ≤ 2 Oberlin risk factors (ORFs) had better outcome than those with ≥ 3 ORFs: 3-year EFS was 46.1% versus 12.5% ( P < .0001) and 3-year OS 60.0% versus 26.0% ( P < .0001). Induction chemotherapy and maintenance appeared tolerable; however, about two third of patients needed dose adjustments during maintenance.

CONCLUSION

Outcome remains poor for patients with metastatic RMS and multiple ORFs. Because of the design of the studies, it was not possible to determine whether the intensive induction regimen and/or the addition of maintenance treatment resulted in apparent improvement of outcome compared with historical cohorts. Further studies, with novel treatment approaches are urgently needed, to improve outcome for the group of patients with adverse prognostic factors.
Financial Toxicity Intervention Improves Outcomes in Patients With Hematologic Malignancy
Authors: Knight Thomas G. , Aguiar Melissa , Robinson Myra , Morse Allison , Chen Tommy , Bose Rupali , Ai Jing , Ragon Brittany K. , Chojecki Aleksander L. , Shah Nilay A. , Sanikommu Srinivasa R. , Symanowski James , Copelan Edward A. , Grunwald Michael R.
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE:

Patients with hematologic malignancies are extremely vulnerable to financial toxicity (FT) because of the high costs of treatment and health care utilization. This pilot study identified patients at high risk because of FT and attempted to improve clinical outcomes with comprehensive intervention.

METHODS:

All patients who presented to the Levine Cancer Institute's Leukemia Clinic between May 26, 2019, and March 10, 2020, were screened for inclusion by standardized two question previsit survey. Patients screening positive were enrolled in the comprehensive intervention that used nurse navigators, clinical pharmacists, and community pro bono financial planners. Primary outcomes were defined as improvement in mental and physical quality of life in all patients and improvement in overall survival in the high-risk disease group.

RESULTS:

One hundred seven patients completed comprehensive intervention. Patients experiencing FT had increased rates of noncompliance including to prescription (16.8%) and over-the-counter medications (15.9%). The intervention resulted in statistically significantly higher quality of life when measured by using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System physical (12.5 ± 2.2 v 13.7 ± 1.8) and mental health scores (11.4 ± 2.2 v 12.4 ± 2.2; all P < .001). In patients with high-risk disease (as determined by using disease-specific scoring systems), risk of death in those receiving the intervention was 0.44 times the risk of death in those without the intervention after adjusting for race, and treatment with stem-cell transplant, oral chemotherapy, or immunotherapy (95% CI, 0.21 to 0.94; P = .034).

CONCLUSION:

Screening and intervention on FT for patients with hematologic malignancies is associated with increased quality of life and survival.
Missing Companion Diagnostic for US Food and Drug Administration–Approved Hematological and Oncological Drugs
Authors: Jørgensen Jan Trøst
Published: June 2022

Within hematology and oncology, companion diagnostics (CDxs) play an increasing role in securing an optimal therapy for individual patients, and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) consider this type of assay essential for the safe and effective use of a corresponding therapeutic product. Most CDxs are developed prospectively using the drug-diagnostic codevelopment model, which normally secures the simultaneous approval of both drugs and diagnostics. A CDx assay is an important treatment decision tool that needs to be available simultaneously with the drug. However, within the past few years, several targeted drugs and new indications have been approved by the FDA without a CDx, despite the use of a predictive biomarker assay for patient selection during clinical development. A missing analytical and clinically validated CDx assay could affect the correct use of these drugs and ultimately patient safety. An alternative to FDA-approved or FDA-cleared CDxs could be to use a laboratory-developed test, which will normally miss documentation on the clinical validity. On the basis of the information available from different publicly available FDA databases, this article briefly discusses the issue of missing CDx assays in relation to the approval of hematological and oncological drugs and new indications.
IGSF1 Deficiency Leads to Reduced TSH Production Independent of Alterations in Thyroid Hormone Action in Male Mice
Authors: Brûlé Emilie , Silander Tanya L , Wang Ying , Zhou Xiang , Bak Beata , Groeneweg Stefan , Bernard Daniel J
Published: June 2022

Loss of function mutations in IGSF1/Igsf1 cause central hypothyroidism. Igsf1 knockout mice have reduced pituitary thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor, Trhr, expression, perhaps contributing to the phenotype. Because thyroid hormones negatively regulate Trhr, we hypothesized that IGSF1 might affect thyroid hormone availability in pituitary thyrotropes. Consistent with this idea, IGSF1 coimmunoprecipitated with the thyroid hormone transporter monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) in transfected cells. This association was impaired with IGSF1 bearing patient-derived mutations. Wild-type IGSF1 did not, however, alter MCT8-mediated thyroid hormone import into heterologous cells. IGSF1 and MCT8 are both expressed in the apical membrane of the choroid plexus. However, MCT8 protein levels and localization in the choroid plexus were unaltered in Igsf1 knockout mice, ruling out a necessary chaperone function for IGSF1. MCT8 expression was low in the pituitary and was similarly unaffected in Igsf1 knockouts. We next assessed whether IGSF1 affects thyroid hormone transport or action, by MCT8 or otherwise, in vivo. To this end, we treated hypothyroid wild-type and Igsf1 knockout mice with exogenous thyroid hormones. T4 and T3 inhibited TSH release and regulated pituitary and forebrain gene expression similarly in both genotypes. Interestingly, pituitary TSH beta subunit (Tshb) expression was consistently reduced in Igsf1 knockouts relative to wild-type regardless of experimental condition, whereas Trhr was more variably affected. Although IGSF1 and MCT8 can interact in heterologous cells, the physiological relevance of their association is not clear. Nevertheless, the results suggest that IGSF1 loss can impair TSH production independently of alterations in TRHR levels or thyroid hormone action.
Estrogen Receptor Signaling in the Immune System
Authors: Chakraborty Binita , Byemerwa Jovita , Krebs Taylor , Lim Felicia , Chang Ching-Yi , McDonnell Donald P
Published: June 2022

The immune system functions in a sexually dimorphic manner, with females exhibiting more robust immune responses than males. However, how female sex hormones affect immune function in normal homeostasis and in autoimmunity is poorly understood. In this review, we discuss how estrogens affect innate and adaptive immune cell activity and how dysregulation of estrogen signaling underlies the pathobiology of some autoimmune diseases and cancers. The potential roles of the major circulating estrogens, and each of the 3 estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ, and G-protein coupled receptor) in the regulation of the activity of different immune cells are considered. This provides the framework for a discussion of the impact of ER modulators (aromatase inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and selective estrogen receptor downregulators) on immunity. Synthesis of this information is timely given the considerable interest of late in defining the mechanistic basis of sex-biased responses/outcomes in patients with different cancers treated with immune checkpoint blockade. It will also be instructive with respect to the further development of ER modulators that modulate immunity in a therapeutically useful manner.
A PDX1 cistrome and single-cell transcriptome resource of the developing pancreas
Authors: Yang Xiaodun , Raum Jeffrey C. , Kim Junil , Yu Reynold , Yang Juxiang , Rice Gabriella , Li Changhong , Won Kyoung-Jae , Stanescu Diana E. , Stoffers Doris A.
Published: June 2022

Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) is crucial for pancreas organogenesis, yet the dynamic changes in PDX1 binding in human or mouse developing pancreas have not been examined. To address this knowledge gap, we performed PDX1 ChIP-seq and single-cell RNA-seq using fetal human pancreata. We integrated our datasets with published datasets and revealed the dynamics of PDX1 binding and potential cell lineage-specific PDX1-bound genes in the pancreas from fetal to adult stages. We identified a core set of developmentally conserved PDX1-bound genes that reveal the broad multifaceted role of PDX1 in pancreas development. Despite the well-known dramatic changes in PDX1 function and expression, we found that PDX1-bound genes are largely conserved from embryonic to adult stages. This points towards a dual role of PDX1 in regulating the expression of its targets at different ages, dependent on other functionally congruent or directly interacting partners. We also showed that PDX1 binding is largely conserved in mouse pancreas. Together, our study reveals PDX1 targets in the developing pancreas in vivo and provides an essential resource for future studies on pancreas development.
Teledentistry: a new oral care delivery tool among Indian dental professionals – a questionnaire study
Authors: Raja Kishan Paul , Pal Aindrila , Nayak Sangeeta Umesh , Pai Keshava , Shenoy Ramya
Published: June 2022

Background: The sudden massive spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a major public health emergency and changed the scene of the health care globally. During the COVID-19 pandemic, most dental treatment procedures were considered as major sources of infection transmission. Thus, the current survey aimed at evaluating knowledge, awareness and attitude of dental professional of India towards teledentistry.

Methods: A pre structured questionnaire was framed and distributed among 600 dental professionals of India using email, WhatsApp and other social media modes.  SPSS version 17 was used for data analysis. The Chi-Square, student t test and one way ANOVA test were applied to assess the association between qualification, type of practice and participant response.  Logistic regression analysis was also carried out.

Results: In total, 431 dental professionals completed the survey. Overall, 94.7% of dental professionals were aware about teledentistry and agreed it is useful in fulfilling needs of the community at great amount. A statistically significant difference was found for questions related to the application of teledentistry for all branches, whether it is a good tool to assess oral hygiene in remote areas and its usefulness in training in primary health care centre when comparison was done among dental professionals and specialist in different branches of dentistry.

Conclusions: Within the limits of the study, findings show that study participants exhibited good knowledge and awareness regarding teledentistry. The participants exhibited positive attitude towards teledentistry but at the same time expressed the uncertainty in challenges which they may face in teledentistry. Lack of training, advanced infrastructure, good connectivity and network are main issues they were concerned about. The other important point of concern is many participants felt teledentistry cannot be applied for all branches of dentistry. Future research should focus on this aspect of teledentistry.
The influence of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-13 on nasal colonisation in a controlled human infection model of pneumococcal carriage in Malawi: a double-blinded randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Morton Ben , Jambo Kondwani , Chikaonda Tarsizio , Rylance Jamie , Henrion Marc Y.R. , Banda Ndaziona Peter , Nsomba Edna , Gondwe Joel , Ferreira Daniela M. , Gordon Stephen B. ,   MARVELS Consortium
Published: June 2022

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to community acquired pneumonia, bacterial meningitis and bacteraemia worldwide. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines protect against invasive disease, but are expensive to manufacture, limited in serotype coverage, associated with serotype replacement, and demonstrate reduced effectiveness against mucosal colonisation.  For Malawi, nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine-type pneumococci is common in vaccinated children despite national roll-out of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) since 2011. Our team has safely transferred an established experimental human pneumococcal carriage method from Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine to the Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Malawi.

This study will determine potential immunological mechanisms for the differential effects of PCV13 on nasal carriage between healthy Malawian and UK populations. We will conduct a double-blinded randomised controlled trial to vaccinate (1:1) participants with either PCV13 or control (normal saline). After a period of one month, participants will be inoculated with S. pneumoniae serotype 6B to experimentally induce nasal carriage using the EHPC method. Subsequently, participants will be invited for a second inoculation after one year to determine longer-term vaccine-induced immunological effects. Primary endpoint: detection of inoculated pneumococci by classical culture from nasal wash recovered from the participants after pneumococcal challenge. Secondary endpoints: local and systemic innate, humoral and cellular responses to PCV-13 with and without pneumococcal nasal carriage

The primary objective of this controlled human infection model study is to determine if PCV-13 vaccination is protective against pneumococcal carriage in healthy adult Malawian volunteers. This study will help us to understand the observed differences in PCV-13 efficacy between populations and inform the design of future vaccines relevant to the Malawian population.

Trial Registration: Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (REF: PACTR202008503507113)
Pedagogical Rhetoric in Teaching Teacher and Student
Authors: Pervova G.
Published: June 2022

The article describes the experience of teaching pedagogical rhetoric as part of the subject of the culture of native Russian speech. The problem of the professional competence of the teacher of preschool and primary education in the field of speech activity is raised. The author briefly characterizes the history of the development of pedagogical rhetoric. A significant difference is emphasized in the quality of the language training of a teacher, educator and children, as well as ways to overcome this gap in the process of joint speech work. The styles and genres of speech inherent in the teacher as a carrier of the speech profession are characterized, methods and algorithms for their development are proposed. Additional sources of knowledge about listening and speaking as oral forms of speech of a teacher and a child, as well as speech samples from works of children's literature are named.
Artistic and Journalistic Program As a Means of Civil and Patriotic Education of Students
Authors: Andreeva S. , Sergeeva E.
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the modern socio-cultural situation associated with the educational process in higher educational institutions. The most important goal is the formation of a citizen's personality, focused on Russian traditional spiritual and moral values.

The concept of the development of forms and methods of extracurricular and educational work involves the creation of a projective model of the personality of a graduate with a higher education, the implementation of which, as the ultimate goal, should be guided by the entire educational process of the institute.

Patriotism as a value largely determines the ideas contained in the President's annual messages to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. The programs proposed by the President are aimed at harmonizing modern Russian society, focusing primarily on young people.

The main task of the educational process is to carry out systematic and purposeful work on the formation of a Russian civic identity in student youth, a feeling of love for the Fatherland, responsibility for its condition and development, an active civic position, and readiness to fulfill civic duty.

As priority values in the educational activities of the institute, the student acts as a person in his originality and uniqueness, his world in the unity of external manifestations and internal experiences, his rights and vital interests.

Technological methods of organizing art and journalistic programs are proposed for consideration and practical implementation.

The paper presents the specifics of the organization of an artistic and publicistic program in the context of modern innovative creative activity. The problem of civil-patriotic education of young people is highlighted as one of the most important problems of state youth policy. The art and journalistic program is presented as a bright spectacular form of cultural and leisure activities.
Effects of different levels of artificial defoliation on the vegetative and reproductive stages of soybean
Authors: Fernandes Eires Tosta , Ávila Crébio José , Silva Ivana Fernandes da
Published: June 2022

Any factor that may limit the leaf area of the crop in soybean may compromise its development and, consequently, its productivity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of artificial defoliation performed in the vegetative and reproductive stages of two soybean cultivars, FT Campo Mourão and Brasmax Potência. The treatments consisted in: 1) Without defoliation throughout the culture cycle; 2) 16.7% defoliation in the vegetative stage; 3) 33.3% on vegetative stage; 4) 16.7% on reproductive stage; 5) 33.3% on reproductive stage; 6) 16.7% throughout the soybean cycle; 7) 33.3% defoliation throughout the soybean cycle. Regardless of the level of defoliation performed on soybeans, it was found that the cultivar Brasmax Potência presented the higher values of plant height, number of pods/plant and green weight of the aerial part, when compared to cultivar FT Campo Mourão. However, the number of pods/plant, green weight of the areal part, grain yield and weight of the seeds were not influenced by the defoliation intensities applied to the soybean. Based on the results, the threshold level of 30% of defoliation in the vegetative stage or 15% in the reproductive stage of soybean is still considered valid for the control of defoliating caterpillars in soybean crop.
Crossref community call: the Research Nexus
Authors: Hendricks Ginny , Feeney Patricia , Rittman Martyn , Lammey Rachael , Wass Joe , Clark Rosa
Published: June 2022

Slides from the June 14, 2022 Crossref community call.
Intra-articular versus systemic vancomycin for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection after debridement and spacer implantation in a rat model
Authors: Wei Jian , Tong Kai , Wang Hui , Wen Yinxian , Chen Liaobin
Published: June 2022

Aims

Treatment outcomes for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) using systemic vancomycin and antibacterial cement spacers during two-stage revision arthroplasty remain unsatisfactory. This study explored the efficacy and safety of intra-articular vancomycin injections for PJI control after debridement and cement spacer implantation in a rat model.

Methods

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA), MRSA inoculation, debridement, and vancomycin-spacer implantation were performed successively in rats to mimic first-stage PJI during the two-stage revision arthroplasty procedure. Vancomycin was administered intraperitoneally or intra-articularly for two weeks to control the infection after debridement and spacer implantation.

Results

Rats receiving intra-articular vancomycin showed the best outcomes among the four treatment groups, with negative bacterial cultures, increased weight gain, increased capacity for weightbearing activities, increased residual bone volume preservation, and reduced inflammatory reactions in the joint tissues, indicating MRSA eradication in the knee. The vancomycin-spacer and/or systemic vancomycin failed to eliminate the MRSA infections following a two-week antibiotic course. Serum vancomycin levels did not reach nephrotoxic levels in any group. Mild renal histopathological changes, without changes in serum creatinine levels, were observed in the intraperitoneal vancomycin group compared with the intra-articular vancomycin group, but no changes in hepatic structure or serum alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase levels were observed. No local complications were observed, such as sinus tract or non-healing surgical incisions.

Conclusion

Intra-articular vancomycin injection was effective and safe for PJI control following debridement and spacer implantation in a rat model during two-stage revision arthroplasties, with better outcomes than systemic vancomycin administration. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(6):371–385.
Percepciones sobre el aprendizaje-servicio en profesores en formación
Authors: Castillo Patricia , Acosta Katherine , Villalobos Inelia
Published: June 2022

El aprendizaje-servicio se considera como una metodología activa participativa cuyo objetivo es enriquecer el aprendizaje junto con la comunidad, promoviendo los valores cívicos, participación y responsabilidad ciudadana. El presente artículo tiene como propósito analizar las percepciones que emergen respecto al aprendizaje-servicio en 19 estudiantes pertenecientes a las carreras de Educación Parvularia y Pedagogía en Educación Básica de una universidad ubicada al norte de Chile. El campo de acción del proyecto ejecutado se sitúa en el trabajo con niños institucionalizados en una de las residencias del ex Servicio Nacional de Menores (SENAME, CHILE) durante 6 meses y en el marco de la práctica docente. Se realiza un estudio exploratorio y se suministra un cuestionario de autoinforme. Respecto a las competencias, capacidades y habilidades desarrolladas, se perciben con alto valor los comportamientos profesionales éticos que emergen de la experiencia. Paralelamente, los resultados destacan el alto valor que le otorgan las estudiantes a la formación de competencias de carácter cívico-social y los principios éticos de la profesión para la que se están preparando y que son atribuidos al compromiso social de la universidad.
Depth random-access two-photon Bessel light-sheet imaging in brain tissue
Authors: Xu Dongli , Ding Jun B. , Peng Leilei
Published: June 2022

Two-photon light-sheet fluorescence microscopy enables high-resolution imaging of neural activity in brain tissue at a high frame rate. Traditionally, light-sheet microscopy builds up a 3D stack by multiple depth scans with uniform spatial intervals, which substantially limits the volumetric imaging speed. Here, we introduce the depth random-access light-sheet microscopy, allowing rapid switching scanning depth for light-sheet imaging. With a low-cost electrically tunable lens and minimum modification of an existing two-photon light-sheet imaging instrument, we demonstrated fast random depth hopping light-sheet imaging at 100 frames per second in the live brain slice. Through depth random-access, calcium activities for an astrocyte were recorded on four user-selected detection planes at a refreshing rate of 25 Hz.
Frequency behavior of AlInAsSb nBn photodetectors and the development of an equivalent circuit model
Authors: Chen Dekang , Sun Keye , Shen Yang , Jones Andrew H. , Dadey Adam A. , Guo Bingtian , McArthur J. Andrew , Bank Seth R. , Campbell Joe C.
Published: June 2022

We report the frequency response of Al0.3InAsSb/Al0.7InAsSb nBn photodetectors. The 3-dB bandwidth of the devices varies from ∼ 150 MHz to ∼ 700 MHz with different device diameters and saturates with bias voltage immediately after the device turn on. A new equivalent circuit model is developed to explain the frequency behavior of nBn photodetectors. The simulated bandwidth based on the new equivalent circuit model agrees well with the bandwidth and the microwave scattering parameter measurements. The analysis reveals that the limiting factor of the bandwidth of the nBn photodetector is the large diffusion capacitance caused by the minority carrier lifetime and the device area. Additionally, the bandwidth of the nBn photodetector is barely affected by the photocurrent, which is found to be caused by the barrier structure in the nBn photodetector.
High-resolution, wavefront-sensing, full-field polarimetry of arbitrary beams using phase retrieval
Authors: Jacobs Matthew N. , Esashi Yuka , Jenkins Nicholas W. , Brooks Nathan J. , Kapteyn Henry C. , Murnane Margaret M. , Tanksalvala Michael
Published: June 2022

Recent advances in structured illumination are enabling a wide range of applications from imaging to metrology, which can benefit from advanced beam characterization techniques. Solving uniquely for the spatial distribution of polarization in a beam typically involves the use of two or more polarization optics, such as a polarizer and a waveplate, which is prohibitive for some wavelengths outside of the visible spectrum. We demonstrate a technique that circumvents the use of a waveplate by exploiting extended Gerchberg–Saxton phase retrieval to extract the phase. The technique enables high-resolution, wavefront-sensing, full-field polarimetry capable of solving for both simple and exotic polarization states, and moreover, is extensible to shorter wavelength light.
Inverse regular perturbation with ML-assisted phasor correction for fiber nonlinearity compensation
Authors: Dzieciol Hubert , Koike-Akino Toshiaki , Wang Ye , Parsons Kieran
Published: June 2022

We improve an inverse regular perturbation (RP) model using a machine learning (ML) technique. The proposed learned RP (LRP) model jointly optimizes step-size, gain and phase rotation for individual RP branches. We demonstrate that the proposed LRP can outperform the corresponding learned digital back-propagation (DBP) method based on a split-step Fourier method (SSFM), with up to 0.75 dB gain in a 800 km standard single mode fiber link. Our LRP also allows a fractional step-per-span (SPS) modeling to reduce complexity while maintaining superior performance over a 1-SPS SSFM-DBP.
Dual-mode optical thermometry design in K3YSi2O7:Eu multi-site phosphor
Authors: Wang Jiawen , Feng Qingyang , Lei Ruoshan , Chen Xiaohan , Deng Degang , Xu Shiqing
Published: June 2022

In this study, a dual-mode optical thermometer is designed based on radiative transitions from Eu3+ and Eu2+ ions at different K3YSi2O7 lattice sites. In the luminescence-intensity-ratio strategy, a ratiometric signal composed of Eu3+:5D0→7F1 and Eu3+:5D0→7F2 emissions at 593 and 616 nm, respectively, is employed. Meanwhile, the intensity ratio of the 593-nm emission under O2−→Eu3+ charge transfer excitation (λex = 249 nm) to that upon Eu2+:4f7→4f65d1 excitation (λex = 349 nm) is selected as a thermometric parameter in the single-band-ratio approach. The study findings show that combining the two strategies is conducive to the improvements in sensing-sensitive and anti-interference performance.
Elliptical plasmonic near-field transducer and v-shape waveguide designs for heat assisted magnetic recording
Authors: Ali Mugahid , Bello Frank , Abadía Nicolás , Huang Fumin , Donegan John
Published: June 2022

We proposed a new elliptical near-field transducer (NFT) and V-shaped waveguide design, which provides multiple pathways to control and optimise the thermal performance of the optical delivery paths for heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR). The principle of operation of the design utilises the properties of the localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the metallic elliptical NFT. We demonstrated a peak temperature in the recording media normalised to the incident laser power (T
Media
/P
In
) ranging from ∼ 128 K/mW to more than 181 K/mW. We also achieved tunable thermal gradients as high as 23.0 K/nm and 18.7 K/nm in the recording media’s down-track and cross-track directions, respectively. Moreover, we exemplified that the inevitable temperature rise in the plasmonic NFT could be tuned to remain under 400 K for maximum heat in the recording media > 700 K. The best thermal performance obtained corresponded to the aspect ratio of the antenna a/b ∼ 0.89 with the minor axis of the antenna a = 85 nm.
Nonlinear multimode photonics: nonlinear optics with many degrees of freedom
Authors: Wright Logan G. , Renninger William H. , Christodoulides Demetri N. , Wise Frank W.
Published: June 2022

The overall goal of photonics research is to understand and control
light in new and richer ways to facilitate new and richer
applications. Many major developments to this end have relied on
nonlinear optical techniques, such as lasing, mode-locking, and
parametric downconversion, to enable applications based on the
interactions of coherent light with matter. These processes often
involve nonlinear interactions between photonic and material degrees
of freedom spanning multiple spatiotemporal scales. While great
progress has been made with relatively simple optimizations, such as
maximizing single-mode coherence or peak intensity alone, the ultimate
achievement of coherent light engineering is complete,
multidimensional control of light–light and light–matter interactions
through tailored construction of complex optical fields and systems
that exploit all of light’s degrees of freedom. This capability is now
within sight, due to advances in telecommunications, computing,
algorithms, and modeling. Control of highly multimode optical fields
and processes also facilitates quantitative and qualitative advances
in optical imaging, sensing, communication, and information processing
since these applications directly depend on our ability to detect,
encode, and manipulate information in as many optical degrees of
freedom as possible. Today, these applications are increasingly being
enhanced or enabled by both multimode engineering and nonlinearity.
Here, we provide a brief overview of multimode nonlinear photonics,
focusing primarily on spatiotemporal nonlinear wave propagation and,
in particular, on promising future directions and routes to
applications. We conclude with an overview of emerging processes and
methodologies that will enable complex, coherent nonlinear photonic
devices with many degrees of freedom.
Orchestrated neuronal migration and cortical folding: A computational and experimental study
Authors: Wang Shuolun , Saito Kengo , Kawasaki Hiroshi , Holland Maria A.
Published: June 2022

Brain development involves precisely orchestrated genetic, biochemical, and mechanical events. At the cellular level, neuronal proliferation in the innermost zone of the brain followed by migration towards the outermost layer results in a rapid increase in brain surface area, outpacing the volumetric growth of the brain, and forming the highly folded cortex. This work aims to provide mechanistic insights into the process of brain development and cortical folding using a biomechanical model that couples cell division and migration with volumetric growth. Unlike phenomenological growth models, our model tracks the spatio-temporal development of cohorts of neurons born at different times, with each cohort modeled separately as an advection-diffusion process and the total cell density determining the extent of volume growth. We numerically implement our model in Abaqus/Standard (2020) by writing user-defined element (UEL) subroutines. For model calibration, we apply in utero electroporation (IUE) to ferret brains to visualize and track cohorts of neurons born at different stages of embryonic development. Our calibrated simulations of cortical folding align qualitatively with the ferret experiments. We have made our experimental data and finite-element implementation available online to offer other researchers a modeling platform for future study of neurological disorders associated with atypical neurodevelopment and cortical malformations.
Disparities in self-reported extreme weather impacts by race, ethnicity, and income in the United States
Authors: Zanocco Chad , Flora June , Boudet Hilary
Published: June 2022

Extreme weather events are expected to increase in frequency and severity due to climate change. However, we lack an understanding of how recent extreme weather events have impacted the U.S. population. We surveyed a representative sample of the U.S. public (n = 1071) in September 2021 about self-reported impacts they experienced from six types of extreme weather events within the past three years. We find that an overwhelming majority (86%) of the U.S. public reported being at least slightly impacted by an extreme weather event, and one-third (34%) reported being either very or extremely impacted by one or more types of extreme weather events. We clustered respondents into four impact groups, representing a composite of self-reported impacts from multiple types of extreme weather events. Respondents in the highest extreme weather impact group are more than 2.5 times as likely to identify as Black or Hispanic and 1.89 times more likely to live in a household with income levels below the Federal poverty level. We also observe reports of higher extreme weather impacts from respondents who are female, do not have a bachelor’s degree and live in a rural area. Our results indicate that extreme weather impacts are being felt by a broad cross-section of the U.S. public, with the highest impacts being disproportionately reported by populations that have previously been found to be more vulnerable to natural disasters and other extreme events.
Goal language is associated with attrition and weight loss on a digital program: Observational study
Authors: Ho Annabell Suh , Behr Heather , Mitchell E. Siobhan , Yang Qiuchen , Lee Jihye , May Christine N. , Michaelides Andreas
Published: June 2022

Behavioral weight loss reduces risk of weight-related health complications. Outcomes of behavioral weight loss programs include attrition and weight loss. There is reason to believe that individuals’ written language on a weight management program may be associated with outcomes. Exploring associations between written language and these outcomes could potentially inform future efforts towards real-time automated identification of moments or individuals at high risk of suboptimal outcomes. Thus, in the first study of its kind, we explored whether individuals’ written language in actual use of a program (i.e., outside of a controlled trial) is associated with attrition and weight loss. We examined two types of language: goal setting (i.e., language used in setting a goal at the start of the program) and goal striving (i.e., language used in conversations with a coach about the process of striving for goals) and whether they are associated with attrition and weight loss on a mobile weight management program. We used the most established automated text analysis program, Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC), to retrospectively analyze transcripts extracted from the program database. The strongest effects emerged for goal striving language. In striving for goals, psychologically distanced language was associated with more weight loss and less attrition, while psychologically immediate language was associated with less weight loss and higher attrition. Our results highlight the potential importance of distanced and immediate language in understanding outcomes like attrition and weight loss. These results, generated from real-world language, attrition, and weight loss (i.e., from individuals’ natural usage of the program), have important implications for how future work can better understand outcomes, especially in real-world settings.