bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Chemical Approach to Optimizing Bioactive Glass Dental Composites
Authors: Aponso S. , Ummadi J.G. , Davis H. , Ferracane J. , Koley D.
Published: November 2018

The chemical microenvironment surrounding dental composites plays a crucial role in controlling the bacteria grown on these specialized surfaces. In this study, we report a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM)–based analytic technique to design and optimize metal ion-releasing bioactive glass (BAG) composites, which showed a significant reduction in biofilm growth. SECM allows positioning of the probe without touching the substrate while mapping the chemical parameters in 3-dimensional space above the substrate. Using SECM and a solid-state H+ and Ca2+ ion-selective microprobe, we determined that the local Ca2+ concentration released by different composites was 10 to 224 µM for a BAG particle size of <5 to 150 µm in the presence of artificial saliva at pH 4.5. The local pH was constant above the composites in the same saliva solution. The released amount of Ca2+ was determined to be maximal for particles <38 µm and a BAG volume fraction of 0.32. This optimized BAG-resin composite also showed significant inhibition of biofilm growth (24 ± 5 µm) in comparison with resin-only composites (53 ± 6 µm) after Streptococcus mutans bacteria were grown for 3 d in a basal medium mucin solution. Biofilm morphology and its subsequent volume, as determined by the SECM imaging technique, was (0.59 ± 0.38) × 107 µm3 for BAG-resin composites and (1.29 ± 0.53) × 107 µm3 for resin-only composites. This study thus lays the foundation for a new analytic technique for designing dental composites that are based on the chemical microenvironment created by biomaterials to which bacteria have been exposed.
Psychological Distress Transmission in Same-sex and Different-sex Marriages
Authors: Behler Rachel , Donnelly Rachel , Umberson Debra
Published: November 2018

Ample work stresses the interdependence of spouses’ psychological distress and that women are more influenced by their spouse’s distress than men. Yet previous studies have focused primarily on heterosexual couples, raising questions about whether and how this gendered pattern might unfold for men and women in same-sex marriages. We analyze 10 days of diary data from a purposive sample of men and women in same-sex and different-sex marriages ( n = 756 individuals from 378 couples) to examine psychological distress transmission between spouses and how this process may differ for men and women in same-sex and different-sex marriages. We find that women are more strongly influenced by their partners’ distress than men, regardless of whether they are married to a man or a woman, and that this relationship is particularly strong for women with male spouses.
Work and the Family in Later Life: The Effects of Role Stressors, Role Enhancement, and Role Conflict on Self-Perceptions on Aging
Authors: Quach Emma D.
Published: November 2018

The growing aging workforce comprises older workers with a concurrent family role. Guided by life span development and role theories, the primary study hypothesis was that rewards and stressors in the family and work domains would impact self-perceptions on aging because of the enhancement and conflict between these domains. The study sample consisted of workers older than 50 years with at least one of four family roles (spouse, parent of adult children, caregiver to an aging parent, and grandparent) from the 2010 and 2012 Health and Retirement Study ( N = 5,628). Results showed that self-perceptions on aging were impacted directly by family and work stressors and indirectly by these stressors through work-family enhancement and conflict . Work and family roles are thus crucial to the identity of adults in later life.
The Use of Online Panel Data in Management Research: A Review and Recommendations
Authors: Porter Christopher O. L. H. , Outlaw Ryan , Gale Jake P. , Cho Thomas S.
Published: November 2018

Management scholars have long depended on convenience samples to conduct research involving human participants. However, the past decade has seen an emergence of a new convenience sample: online panels and online panel participants. The data these participants provide—online panel data (OPD)—has been embraced by many management scholars owing to the numerous benefits it provides over “traditional” convenience samples. Despite those advantages, OPD has not been warmly received by all. Currently, there is a divide in the field over the appropriateness of OPD in management scholarship. Our review takes aim at the divide with the goal of providing a common understanding of OPD and its utility and providing recommendations regarding when and how to use OPD and how and where to publish it. To accomplish these goals, we inventoried and reviewed OPD use across 13 management journals spanning 2006 to 2017. Our search resulted in 804 OPD-based studies across 439 articles. Notably, our search also identified 26 online panel platforms (“brokers”) used to connect researchers with online panel participants. Importantly, we offer specific guidance to authors, reviewers, and editors, having implications for both micro and macro management scholars.
Proposal for a Migraine Aura Complexity Score
Authors: Petrusic Igor , Viana Michele , Dakovic Marko , J Goadsby Peter , Zidverc-Trajkovic Jasna
Published: November 2018

Objectives

Currently, there is no scoring system for assessing the complexity of migraine aura. Our goal was to develop a Migraine Aura Complexity Score that synthesizes the quantity and quality of aura symptoms and to test its applicability in neuroimaging studies.

Methods

Patients with migraine aura were interviewed in order to obtain characteristics of migraine aura. Explorative and confirmatory analyses were used to develop the Migraine Aura Complexity Score. Median values were derived from 10 consecutive migraine auras in each patient. The Migraine Aura Complexity Score was correlated with an average cortical thickness of different brain areas in studied patients. The Surface-based Morphometric Analysis approach was used to estimate cortical thickness.

Results

This study included 23 (16 females and seven males) migraineurs with aura. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested the second-order model with three-factor measurement for grading migraine aura. The first factor is linked to higher cortical dysfunction during migraine aura, while the second is associated with the degree of involvement of primary visual and somatosensory cortices; the third linked symptoms of somatosensory aura and hand and head involvement. Positive correlation of Migraine Aura Complexity Score and averaged cortical thickness were found in the left and right hemispheres overall (r = 0.568, p = 0.007; r = 0.617, p = 0.003) and in some of their regions.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the Migraine Aura Complexity Score could be a valuable tool for assessing migraine aura. The score could be used in neuroradiological studies in order to achieve a stratification of patients with migraine aura.
Is complete anatomical endoscopic laser enucleation of the prostate always necessary? Yes, it is!
Authors: Castellani Daniele , Claudini Redi , Gasparri Luca , Branchi Alessandro , Pavia Maria Pia , Dellabella Marco
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

Thulium laser enucleation of the prostate is gaining popularity due to its short learning curve and low postoperative morbidity. The aim of Thulium laser enucleation of the prostate is the complete endoscopic enucleation of the adenoma. We report an unusual case of bladder outlet obstruction developed 6 weeks after Thulium laser enucleation of the prostate.

Case description:

A 74-year-old man complained of severe voiding phase symptoms lasting 2 weeks, starting 6 weeks after Thulium laser enucleation of the prostate. He underwent a transrectal ultrasound, which showed a wide prostatic fossa. A cystoscopy revealed that the prostatic fossa was filled with whitish tissue arising from two tiny residual adenomas. The obstructing tissue was resected with the aid of Thulium laser and the histopathology report showed necrotic prostatic glands.

Conclusion:

Partially enucleated and left inside adenoma may become necrotic and cause bladder outlet obstruction several weeks after Thulium laser enucleation of the prostate. Transrectal ultrasound control at the end of enucleation may help reduce this complication.
Pork, parties, and priorities: Partisan politics and overseas military deployments
Authors: Stravers Andrew
Published: November 2018

Since the end of World War II, the USA has maintained a sizable military presence around the world. As one of the main mechanisms that the USA uses to exercise its military power abroad, it is a defining characteristic of the international order. Using time-series cross-sectional models and case evidence, I show that, in addition to strategic considerations, the President’s party strength in Congress and the proportion of moderates in the Senate are key determinants of US deployment outcomes. This finding adds to the literature on causes of US troop deployments by examining the incentives for deployments within US politics.
Looking Forwards through the Past: Bukovina’s “Return to Europe” after 1989–1991
Authors: Fisher Gaëlle
Published: November 2018

This article is part of the special cluster titled Bukovina and Bukovinians after the Second World War: (Re)shaping and (re)thinking a region after genocide and ‘ethnic unmixing’, guest edited by Gaëlle Fisher and Maren Röger.

Over the course of the 1990s, the region of Bukovina, once the easternmost province of the Austrian half of the Habsburg Empire, gained unprecedented visibility abroad. This was the case in German-language space in particular. There, Bukovina became the subject of newspaper articles, books, films, and exhibitions; travel and tourism to the area developed; political agreements and partnerships were even established between German or Austrian and “Bukovinian” regions. These initiatives, across “East and West,” across the former Iron Curtain, were meant to bridge the former divide. But many were based on proclaimed historical and cultural connections: as the widespread slogan read, Bukovina “returned to Europe.” In the process, historical Bukovina, by then split between Romania and a newly independent Ukraine, was not so much rediscovered as resurrected, reconstructed, and reinvented on the basis of existing ideas and assumptions. This raises a range of questions: why Bukovina, why in these countries, and why then? In this article, I identify different groups of actors, trends, and phases in the popular resurgence of Bukovina after 1989–1991 and highlight their origins, differences, and interactions. By tracing the activities and narratives of some of the key actors of the reinvention of the region after 1989–1991, this article explores the tensions between visions of the past and visions of the future in Germany, Austria, and Europe after 1989. It thereby also contributes to a critical reflection on the meaning of the wider “return to Europe” of Central and Eastern Europe after the end of the Cold War.
A dynamic model to predict the number of pins to transmit load in a cycloidal reducer with assembling clearance
Authors: Xu Li Xin
Published: November 2018

In the ideal design of a cycloidal reducer, the tooth profile of cycloidal gear can make contact with all pin teeth on the pinwheel, wherein half of the pin teeth participate in load transmission. Meanwhile, the output holes on a cycloidal gear can maintain contact with all pins on the output disc and half of the output pins deliver load. However, under the influence of the assembling clearance caused by tooth modification, manufacturing tolerance, or machining error, the numbers of pins that participate in force transmission on both pinwheel and output disc fails to reach half of the total available. The objective of this research is to present a dynamic model to precisely predict the number of pins used to transmit load in a cycloidal reducer with assembling clearance. The methods for contact detection among the transmitting components are given in detail. In modeling of the contacts, both normal contact, and tangential friction, forces are considered. Finally, a typical cycloidal reducer with a single cycloidal gear is modeled and used as an example to analyze the variation of the number of pins that take part in load-bearing work under the influences of assembling clearance and external torque.
The elephant in the room: How a technology’s name affects its interpretation
Authors: Boersma Reginald , Poortvliet P. Marijn , Gremmen Bart
Published: November 2018

In this work, using experiments, we investigate the role of the name of a technology on the informed evaluation of that technology. We argue that a name can influence interpretations by activating cognitive structures. Using genomics-accelerated breeding as a case, we show that the name ‘genomics’ makes people evaluate related information as similar to genetic modification. Replacing the name ‘genomics’ with ‘natural crossing’ causes evaluations similar to those for traditional breeding. The results show that a name can have a strong influence on public attitudes, and we call for more consideration in choosing a name for a technology.
Design Antecedents of Telepresence in Virtual Service Environments
Authors: Orth Ulrich R. , Lockshin Larry , Spielmann Nathalie , Holm Mirjam
Published: November 2018

This study integrates Kaplan and Kaplan’s framework on informational variables (mystery, complexity, legibility, and coherence) with construal level theory to examine how managers can use the visual design of virtual servicescapes to achieve a sense of telepresence (the subjective experience of being in a computer-mediated environment, even when one is physically elsewhere). Three studies using mixed methods and diverse samples show that informational variables vary in their capacity to evoke telepresence and thus in their impact on consumer behavioral intention. Study 1, a content analysis, uses expert judges and a global pool of virtual servicescapes to provide initial evidence that informational variables impact telepresence. Study 2, a commercial survey, shows that telepresence mediates effects of mystery and complexity (sensorially richer variables) on consumer intentions to approach. Study 3 uses a consumer sample to replicate the mediating role of telepresence and to show that a person’s visual processing style moderates effects of mystery and complexity. The effects are robust in the presence of an alternative process path through aesthetics and occur regardless of consumers’ familiarity with the servicescape, category knowledge, and involvement. Managerial implications focus on how to increase mystery and complexity for higher telepresence.
Foreign cues and public views on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Authors: Leep Matthew , Pressman Jeremy
Published: November 2018

As foreign sources in the news might help the public assess their home country’s foreign policies, scholars have recently turned attention to the effects of foreign source cues on domestic public opinion. Using original survey experiments, we explore the effects of domestic (United States) and foreign (Israeli, British, and Palestinian) criticism of Israel’s military actions and settlements on US attitudes towards the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. We find that foreign cues by government officials and non-governmental organisations have modest effects, and are generally not more influential than domestic cues. We also show that individuals might discount foreign criticism of Israel in the context of US bipartisan support for Israel. While our experiments reveal some heterogeneous effects related to partisanship, we are sceptical of significant movement in opinion in response to foreign cues. These findings provide insights into foreign source cue effects beyond the context of the use of military force.
To What Extent Is Social Marketing Used in Demand Reduction Campaigns for Illegal Wildlife Products? Insights From Elephant Ivory and Rhino Horn
Authors: Greenfield Steven , Veríssimo Diogo
Published: November 2018

The illegal wildlife trade is a global threat to biodiversity as well as to public health and good governance. As legislation and law enforcement have been insufficient to protect many wildlife species, conservationists are increasingly focused on campaigns to help reduce demand for wildlife products. Social marketing is increasingly being used to support biodiversity conservation efforts, but the extent of its use has seldom been researched. Based on interviews with conservation practitioners, we assess the extent to which social marketing has been used in demand reduction campaign design. We do this by investigating the level to which demand reduction campaigns met the benchmarks defined by the UK’s National Social Marketing Centre. We focus on rhino horn and elephant ivory, two high-profile products in the illegal wildlife trade and in China and Vietnam given their role as key consumer countries. We also investigate how conservation practitioners view the opportunities and challenges of using social marketing in the context of reducing demand for illegally traded wildlife products. Our findings highlight that there are substantial gaps between best practice in social marketing and current practices in the design of demand reduction campaigns. However, several elements of social marketing are widely utilized and a platform exists from which to build more comprehensive behavioral influence campaigns in future. In terms of future needs, practitioners highlighted the need for independent consumer research upon which to build target audience insights, a focus on broader audience segments beyond the product consumers, and the improvement of collaborations across institutions.
What Happens When Insurers Make Insurance Laws? State Legislative Agendas and the Occupational Makeup of Government
Authors: Hansen Eric R. , Carnes Nicholas , Gray Virginia
Published: November 2018

Do the occupational backgrounds of politicians affect the government's agenda? Businesses have long thought so. The first occupational data on state legislators were collected by the Insurance Information Institute, an interest group representing major insurance companies. In this paper, we test one potential motive for these kinds of efforts: the idea that the occupational makeup of governments affects the agendas they pursue, an argument that has been largely neglected in research on politicians' occupational backgrounds. We focus here on the insurance industry. Using original data, we find that state legislatures with more former insurers consider fewer bills regulating insurance (negative agenda control), that former insurers play a disproportionate role in drafting the insurance bills that are introduced (positive agenda control), and that the bills former insurers introduce tend to be more favorable to the industry than those that their colleagues introduce (positive agenda control). The occupational makeup of legislatures may indeed affect their agendas, as industry groups have long suspected.
Ultrasonic localization method based on receiver array optimization schemes
Authors: Luo Xiaonan , Wang Hucheng , Yan Suqing , Liu Jianming , Zhong Yanru , Lan Rushi
Published: November 2018

Ultrasonic localization system using trilateration has been adopted in various types of full-enclosed and semi-enclosed space. For small-scale or enclosed scenarios, there is an important phenomenon, that is, the ultrasonic wave may rapidly reflect back and forth between the walls to form different normal waves during the process of propagation, which may break the inverse square law of sound intensity (the sound intensity in free space is inversely proportional to the square of the distance). The other problem is that the sound intensity of some local corner points are obviously stronger than those points near the acoustic source, which may confuse the ultrasonic receivers and bring significant differences in measurement errors. To avoid excessive errors influence for the positioning accuracy, in this article, a novel ultrasonic localization method based on receiver array optimization schemes is reported. The main purpose is to activate the ultrasonic receiver in the area as well as shield the ultrasonic receiver outside the area. The system error will be reduced based on this method, and most of the redundant data will be eliminated. The simulation results are visualized and compared with the existing methods. The positioning accuracy measured by our method is increased significantly.
Storm-based distributed sampling system for multi-source stream environment
Authors: Cho Wonhyeong , Gil Myeong-Seon , Choi Mi-Jung , Moon Yang-Sae
Published: November 2018

As a large amount of data streams occur rapidly in many recent applications such as social network service, Internet of Things, and smart factory, sampling techniques have attracted many attentions to handle such data streams efficiently. In this article, we address the performance improvement of binary Bernoulli sampling in the multi-source stream environment. Binary Bernoulli sampling has the n:1 structure where n sites transmit data to 1 coordinator. However, as the number of sites increases or the input stream explosively increases, the binary Bernoulli sampling may cause a severe bottleneck in the coordinator. In addition, bidirectional communication over different networks among the coordinator and sites may incur excessive communication overhead. In this article, we propose a novel distributed processing model of binary Bernoulli sampling to solve these coordinator bottleneck and communication overhead problems. We first present a multiple-coordinator structure to solve the coordinator bottleneck. We then present a new sampling model with an integrated framework and shared memory to alleviate the communication overhead. To verify the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed model, we perform its actual implementation in Apache Storm, a real-time distributed stream processing system. Experimental results show that our Storm-based binary Bernoulli sampling improves performance by up to 1.8 times compared with the legacy method and maintains high performance even when the input stream largely increases. These results indicate that the proposed distributed processing model is an excellent approach that solves the performance degradation problem of binary Bernoulli sampling and verifies its superiority through the actual implementation on Apache Storm.
Topology optimization of transmission gearbox under multiple working loads
Authors: Liang Mingxuan , Hu Jianhong , Li Shuqing , Chen Zhigao
Published: November 2018

This article is concerned with topology optimization of transmission gearbox under multiple working loads by taking dynamic performance as research object. First, the dynamic excitation model and finite element model are established, the vibration responses of the key points on gearbox are obtained by applying dynamic excitation on finite element model based on modal dynamic method, and the simulation responses are compared with testing results to validate finite element model. Finally, the gearbox structure is optimized by utilizing topology optimization method, and the lightweight model of transmission gearbox structure is redesigned. The dynamic performance indexes such as natural frequency are improved obviously, which indicates that the topology optimization method is very effective in optimizing dynamic performance of complex gearbox structure. The research has an important theoretical significance and reference value for lightweight design of transmission gearbox structure.
Discrimination of epileptogenic lesions and perilesional white matter using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Rau Alexander , Kellner Elias , Foit Niels A , Lützen Niklas , Heiland Dieter H , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , Reisert Marco , Kiselev Valerij G , Prinz Marco , Urbach Horst , Mader Irina
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ganglioglioma (GGL), dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour (DNET) and FCD (focal cortical dysplasia) are distinguishable through diffusion tensor imaging. Additionally, it was investigated whether the diffusion measures differed in the perilesional (pNAWM) and in the contralateral normal appearing white matter (cNAWM).

Six GGLs, eight DNETs and seven FCDs were included in this study. Quantitative diffusion measures, that is, axial, radial and mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy, were determined in the lesion identified on isotropic T2 or FLAIR-weighted images and in pNAWM and cNAWM, respectively.

DNET differed from FCD in mean diffusivity, and GGL from FCD in radial diffusivity. Both types of glioneuronal tumours were different from pNAWM in fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity. For identifying the tumour edges, threshold values for tumour-free tissue were investigated with receiver operating characteristic analyses: tumour could be separated from pNAWM at a threshold ≤ 0.32 (fractional anisotropy) or ≥ 0.56 (radial diffusivity) *10–3 mm2/s (area under the curve 0.995 and 0.990 respectively).

While diffusion parameters of FCDs differed from cNAWM (radial diffusivity (*10–3 mm/s2): 0.74 ± 0.19 vs. 0.43 ± 0.05; corrected p-value < 0.001), the pNAWM could not be differentiated from the FCD.
Charlson Comorbidity Index Predicts 5-Year Survivorship of Surgically Treated Hip Fracture Patients
Authors: Jiang Lei , Chou Andrew Chia Chen , Nadkarni Nivedita , Ng Caris En Qi , Chong Yun San , Howe Tet Sen , Koh Joyce Suang Bee
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

This study aims to assess the correlation of the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (ACCI) with 5-year mortality in a surgically treated hip fracture population.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis was performed on 1057 patients aged 60 years and above who underwent surgery for hip fracture with a minimum of 5-year follow-up (92.2% 5-year follow-up rate) in a tertiary hospital. Manual review of patients’ electronic hospital records was performed to record demographic data, comorbidities, and length of stay. Mortality data were extracted from the hospital’s electronic medical records and corroborated with the National Electronic Health Record.

Results:

Of the 1057 patients, 283 (26.8%) were male. The majority of patients were 80 years of age and above (42.5%), with the oldest patient operated on age 102 with a mean age of 77.8 (8.6) years. Four hundred eighteen (39.5%) patients sustained extracapsular intertrochanteric fractures. The mean follow-up duration was 8 years and 3 days with an overall survivorship of 37.2%. A multiple regression model constructed with ACCI, age, gender, and fracture pattern demonstrated satisfactory predictive ability with a concordance statistic of 0.68. Patients with a higher ACCI category (≥6) had an increased 5-year mortality rate (41.8%) with an odds ratio of 13.6 (6.7-31.8, P < .001) compared to those with an ACCI category of 3 and below (89.3%).

Discussion:

The study demonstrates that ACCI correlated with 5-year mortality after surgical treatment of hip fracture. This information is pertinent in the counseling of patients with regard to their midterm survival following hip fracture surgery and may inform policy makers of the varied midterm survival rates in patients with differing ACCI scores and educate the allocation of health-care resources.

Conclusion:

The ACCI correlates with 5-year mortality after surgical treatment of hip fracture.
Differences in the Mechanism of Head Impacts Measured Between Men’s and Women’s Intercollegiate Lacrosse Athletes
Authors: Le Rachel K. , Saunders Tabitha D. , Breedlove Katherine M. , Bradney Debbie A. , Lucas Jill M. , Bowman Thomas G.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Lacrosse is a rapidly growing sport in the United States. Comparing the magnitude and frequency of head impact mechanisms between sexes will provide data for injury prevention techniques and risk reduction of head injuries.

Purpose:

To compare sex-specific differences in the magnitude and frequency of head impact mechanisms in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III intercollegiate lacrosse athletes.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 31 NCAA Division III intercollegiate lacrosse athletes (16 men [mean age, 21 ± 1 years; mean height, 179.70 ± 5.82 cm; mean weight, 80.71 ± 6.33 kg] and 15 women [mean age, 20 ± 1 years; mean height, 165.43 ± 5.25 cm; mean weight, 64.08 ± 7.59 kg]) voluntarily participated in this study. Participants wore xPatch sensors at every event during the 2015 spring season. Sensors recorded the magnitude, frequency, and location of head impacts over 10 g. Linear ( g) and rotational (deg/s2) acceleration determined impact magnitudes. We calculated incidence rates (IRs; per 1000 athlete-exposures [AEs]) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% CIs to determine frequency differences. Film footage from each event was synchronized with the time of each head impact for verification and mechanism coding. Sex and impact mechanism served as the independent variables.

Results:

A significant interaction was found between impact mechanism and sex ( P < .001) and main effects for impact mechanism ( P < .001) and sex ( P < .001). The most common mechanism in men’s lacrosse was head to body (IR, 970.55/1000 AEs [95% CI, 266.14-331.98]), and in women’s lacrosse, stick to head (IR, 289.87/1000 AEs [95% CI, 124.32-184.55]) was most common. Only 9 of 419 impermissible head impacts in men’s lacrosse games were classed as penalties (2%); 7 of 25 impermissible head impacts in women’s lacrosse games were called as penalties (28%).

Conclusion:

The impact mechanisms of head to body in men’s lacrosse and stick to head in women’s lacrosse are penalties but occur frequently, suggesting that a focus on stressing rule enforcement is warranted. Because mechanism and sex affect the magnitude of head impacts, proper offensive and defensive techniques against opponents should be encouraged to reduce head impacts.
Seeing the Unseen: Visualizing Organizational Culture in the Classroom
Authors: Black Kate , Warhurst Russell
Published: November 2018

This article describes an inquiry-based classroom activity for strategic management, human resource management, and related courses to enhance the understanding of organizational culture. We use visual methods to provide fresh insights into an organization’s culture from which we can enable students to draw conclusions upon how this culture might affect organizational strategy. Students use their camera phones to take photos that encapsulate organizational culture, with their business school used as an exemplifying case. Students present their photos explaining what, from their perspective, the photos say about culture and its influences upon strategy and organizational performance. Other students are encouraged to offer alternative readings, thereby demonstrating the multiple interpretations of culture. An instructor-led plenary focuses upon theoretical themes within the photos. These themes are plentiful, varying from class to class. In our experience, the activity has also provided opportunities for the discussion of topics such as gendering and ethnic bias.
Anticoagulating patients with high-risk acquired thrombophilias
Authors: Skeith Leslie
Published: November 2018

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria are 3 acquired thrombophilias that carry a high risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism. Management of these conditions has largely included anticoagulation with a vitamin K antagonist after an initial period of a parenteral anticoagulant, for as long as the thrombotic risk is still present. The available evidence for the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is limited and primarily consists of case series and cohort studies, which are summarized in this chapter. Randomized trials evaluating DOACs in patients with APS are reviewed. Further research is needed prior to widely adopting DOACs for use in these high-risk acquired thrombophilias; however, there may be selected low-risk subgroups where DOAC use is possible after careful consideration and patient discussion.
Prospective comparison of the HEP score and 4Ts score for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Pishko Allyson M. , Fardin Sara , Lefler Daniel S. , Paydary Koosha , Vega Rolando , Arepally Gowthami M. , Crowther Mark , Rice Lawrence , Cines Douglas B. , Cuker Adam
Published: November 2018

The HIT Expert Probability (HEP) score compared favorably with the 4Ts score in a retrospective study. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the HEP score compared with the 4Ts score in a prospective cohort of 310 patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). A member of the clinical team calculated the HEP score and 4Ts score. An independent panel adjudicated HIT status based on a clinical summary as well as the results of HIT laboratory testing. The prevalence of HIT in the study population was 14.7%. At a cutoff of ≥3, the HEP score was 95.3% sensitive (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.2-99.4) and 35.7% specific (95% CI, 29.8-42.0) for HIT. A 4Ts score of ≥4 had a sensitivity of 97.7% (95% CI, 86.2-99.8) and specificity of 32.9% (95% CI, 27.2-39.1). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) for the HEP score and 4Ts score were similar (0.81 [95% CI, 0.74-0.87] vs 0.76 [95% CI, 0.69-0.83]; P = .12). The HEP score exhibited a significantly higher AUC than the 4Ts score in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) (0.86 vs 0.79; P = .03). Among trainee scorers, the HEP score performed significantly better than the 4Ts score (AUC, 0.80 vs 0.73; P = .03). Our data suggest that either the 4Ts score or the HEP score may be used in clinical practice. The HEP score may be preferable in ICU patients and among less experienced clinicians.
Validation of a weight bearing ankle equinus value in older adults with diabetes
Authors: Searle MOsteo A. , Spink M. J. , Chuter V. H.
Published: November 2018

Background

Accurate measurement of ankle joint dorsiflexion is clinically important as a restriction has been linked to many foot and ankle pathologies, as well as increased ulcer risk and delayed ulcer healing in people with diabetes. Use of the reliable weight bearing (WB) Lunge test is limited as normal and restricted ranges for WB ankle joint dorsiflexion are not identified. Additionally the extent of WB dorsiflexion restriction that results in clinically adverse outcomes is unclear. Therefore the aim of this investigation is to validate a proposed weight bearing equinus value (dorsiflexion < 30°) in unimpaired cohorts, and secondly to investigate any clinical effects this degree of ankle dorsiflexion restriction has on forefoot plantar pressure variables in older adults with diabetes.

Methods

Ankle dorsiflexion was measured using a Lunge test with the knee extended in young adults without diabetes (YA) and older adults with diabetes (DA). In‐shoe and barefoot plantar pressure was recorded for the DA group. Spearman's correlation was calculated to determine any association between the presence of ankle equinus and plantar pressure variables in the DA group. DA group differences in people with and without an equinus were examined.

Results

A weight bearing equinus of < 30°, assessed in a lunge using an inclinometer placed on the anterior tibia, falls within the restricted range in young unimpaired cohorts. In the DA group this degree of ankle restriction had a fair and significant association with elevated barefoot forefoot peak pressure (r = 0.274, p = 0.005) and pressure‐time integrals (r = 0.321, p = .001). The DA equinus group had significantly higher barefoot peak pressure (mean kPa (SD): 787.1 (246.7) vs 652.0 (304.5), p = 0.025) and pressure‐time integrals (mean kPa (SD): 97.8 (41.6) vs 80.4 (30.5), p = 0.017) than the DA non equinus group.

Conclusions

We support a preliminary weight bearing ankle equinus value of < 30°. This value represents a restricted range in young adults and is correlated with increased forefoot plantar pressure variables in older adults with diabetes. Mean population weight bearing ankle dorsiflexion data presented here for older adults with diabetes, will allow use of the more functional Lunge test with knee extended in research and clinical practice.
Leveraging Human Genetics to Guide Cancer Drug Development
Authors: Kinnersley Ben , Sud Amit , Coker Elizabeth A. , Tym Joseph E. , Di Micco Patrizio , Al-Lazikani Bissan , Houlston Richard S.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The high attrition rate of cancer drug development programs is a barrier to realizing the promise of precision oncology. We have examined whether the genetic insights from genome-wide association studies of cancer can guide drug development and repurposing in oncology.

Materials and Methods

Across 37 cancers, we identified 955 genetic risk variants from the National Human Genome Research Institute-European Bioinformatics Institute genome-wide association study catalog. We linked these variants to target genes using strategies that were based on linkage disequilibrium, DNA three-dimensional structure, and integration of predicted gene function and expression. With the use of the Informa Pharmaprojects database, we identified genes that are targets of unique drugs and assessed the level of enrichment that would be afforded by incorporation of genetic information in preclinical and phase II studies. For targets not under development, we implemented machine learning approaches to assess druggability.

Results

For all preclinical targets incorporating genetic information, a 2.00-fold enrichment of a drug being successfully approved could be achieved (95% CI, 1.14- to 3.48-fold; P = .02). For phase II targets, a 2.75-fold enrichment could be achieved (95% CI, 1.42- to 5.35-fold; P < .001). Application of genetic information suggests potential repurposing of 15 approved nononcology drugs.

Conclusion

The findings illustrate the value of using insights from the genetics of inherited cancer susceptibility discovery projects as part of a data-driven strategy to inform drug discovery. Support for cancer germline genetic information for prospective targets is available online from the Institute of Cancer Research.
Apneic Oxygenation With High-Flow Nasal Cannula and Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide Monitoring During Airway Surgery: A Case Series
Authors: Ebeling Callie Gittemeier , Riccio Christina Anne
Published: November 2018

Three patients underwent laryngeal and tracheal surgeries under apneic conditions using transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO2) levels were recorded throughout the apneic period to detect rates of CO2 rise. Conventional airway management was initiated after 15 minutes of apnea with either tracheal intubation or jet ventilation. No patient experienced oxygen desaturation <97%. The average rate of transcutaneous CO2 rise (1.7 mm Hg/min) was higher than previously reported using this technique. This suggests a need for further investigation into the utility of transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange for airway surgery and adequate ventilation during apnea.
Program Text, Programming Style, Programmer Labor
Authors: Lennon Brian
Published: November 2018

Computer programming can be understood as both a kind of writing and a special class of human labor activity facilitating the automation of other human labor activities, not excluding itself. From the very beginning of the history of computer programming, it was recognized that the technical logic of programming is a logic of automation, indeed, a logic of self-automation or even recursive automation. This article suggests that a syntactic feature common to all programming languages used today serves as a register of this logic of automation, leaving traces in code that are legible if one knows where to look. That feature is the comment: natural-language text within a computer program that is written exclusively for human readers of the program and is separated from executable code, though it stands alongside it. At their most interesting, in patterns of use to which a managerial discourse of software craftspersonship is actively hostile, yet to which so-called literate programming practice is indifferent, program comments are traces of a mode of technical labor whose privilege and precarity both rest on its obscurity, an obscurity in no way resistant to reading.
Gli2 modulates cell cycle re-entry through autophagy-mediated regulation of the length of primary cilia
Authors: Hsiao Ching-Ju , Chang Chia-Hsiang , Ibrahim Ridwan Babatunde , Lin I-Hsuan , Wang Chun-Hung , Wang Won-Jing , Tsai Jin-Wu
Published: November 2018

The primary cilium is a tiny cell protrusion known to transduce key extracellular signals, including those of the sonic hedgehog pathway, which activates Gli transcription factors for various cellular functions. To understand the significance of the Gli2 transcription factor in fibroblasts, we establish a Gli2-knockout NIH3T3 cell line by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Surprisingly, NIH3T3 fibroblasts lacking Gli2 expression through gene knockout or RNA interference possess longer primary cilia after stimulation of ciliogenesis by serum starvation. This lengthening of primary cilia is associated with enhanced autophagy-mediated Ofd1 degradation, and can be reversed by pharmacological and genetic inhibition of autophagy. Meanwhile, flow cytometry reveals that Gli2−/− NIH3T3 fibroblasts exhibit a delay in cell cycle re-entry after serum re-stimulation. Ablation of their primary cilia through Kif3a knockdown rescues the delay in cell cycle re-entry. These results suggest that Gli2 plays an unexpected role in cell cycle re-entry through an autophagy-mediated regulation on ciliary length in fibroblasts.
Association of thrombocytopenia with splenomegaly in malaria patients in East Kalimantan: A cross-sectional, retrospective study
Authors: Siagian Loly R.D. , Lumbantoruan Vera M. , Hasanah Nurul , Sihotang Fransiska A. , Gunawan Carta
Published: November 2018

Background: Malaria still presents as a major health problem in Indonesia and specifically in East Kalimantan. One common finding in malaria is thrombocytopenia, the mechanism of which is still unclear. Several studies have suggested some mechanisms, one of which is splenomegaly. This study aimed to discover the association between thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly of malaria patients in East Kalimantan.

Methods: This study was a descriptive retrospective study with clinical and laboratory data obtained from the medical records of malaria patients in four major public hospitals from January 2015 to July 2018. The association between thrombocytopenia with splenomegaly was analysed using Chi-Square test.

Results: A total of 215 patients were included; 189 male (87.9%) and 26 female (12.1%). The most common aetiology were Plasmodium vivax (43.2%), P. falciparum (42.8%), and mixed infection (P. falciparum and P. vivax) (4.6%). The distribution of thrombocyte count were normal in 28 patients (13%) and decreased in 187 patients (87%). Among patients with thrombocytopenia, the percentage of mild, moderate and severe thrombocytopenia was 18.2%, 43.8% and 33%, respectively. Splenomegaly was found in only 11 patients (5.1%). We found no association between thrombocytopenia with splenomegaly (p=0.61).

Conclusions: We conclude that thrombocytopenia is not associated with splenomegaly in these malaria patients.
Communication in the System of Professional Activity
Authors: Каргин Н. , Kargin N. , Лаамарти Юлия , Laamarti Yuliya
Published: November 2018

Activity and communication are the main categories of modern management concepts. Understanding their interaction is the key to success in most managerial decisions. The changes that have taken place led to a rethinking of social theories and the proposal of new methodological approaches to comprehension, understanding and attempts to develop new ways of managing society.
Linguo-Semiotic Dominants of Political and Religious Discourses
Authors: Боженкова Н. , Bozhenkova N. , Боженкова Р. , Bozhenkova R.
Published: November 2018

The authors of this article put semasiologically integral multi-code practices unified by definite axiological and ideological characteristics in the focus of the study. Particular attention is herewith paid to the description of correlative components of discursive interaction which objectify typological features of political and religious social and communicative systems in the Russian language.
Communicative Practicians of Cultural and Behavioural Interaction of the Population and Local Governments
Authors: Скрипникова Н. , Skripnikova N. , Скрипникова Н. , Skripnikova N.
Published: November 2018

Social and economic and political transformations of the last decade give the grounds to claim about creation in Russia of prerequisites of formation of open information space. However the lack of effective information policy of authorities on places is one of the reasons of decrease in trust to institutes of the power of federal, regional and local levels. For this reason subjects of information policy of municipality are faced by problems of improvement of cultural and behavioral relationship between executive (administration of municipal unit), representative bodies of the power, media and the population of municipal unit; development of communicative and information technologies and networks; formations of uniform information and communicative space of municipal unit.
Aesthetic and Cultural Aspects of Visual Communications
Authors: Бердичевский Е. , Berdichevskiy E.
Published: November 2018

The developed classification of the main estetico-culturological aspects of visual communications is given. Semantic characteristics of each aspect, the field of their optimum use are defined. Interrelations between aspects in art and in an applied vizualistica are considered. The conclusion is drawn on expediency of a combination in one communication of several strategic approaches and aspects. Ways of increase in creativity of visual advertizing communications are created.
Efeito de dois programas na promoção da atividade física em idosos
Authors: Scherer Fabiana Cristina , Gerage Aline Mendes , Borges Lucélia Justino , Borges Rossana Arruda , Melo Fernanda Cristiane de , Teixeira Denilson de Castro , Benedetti Tânia Rosane Bertoldo
Published: November 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito de dois programas de promoção da atividade física (AF) nos níveis da AF de idosos usuários das Unidades Básicas de Saúde em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Participaram do estudo 50 idosos (68,30 ± 7,01 anos), randomizados em três grupos: a) mudança de comportamento (programa Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saúde – VAMOS); b) exercício físico; c) controle. Para avaliar a AF utilizou-se o acelerômetro (GT3x, Actigraph) no baseline, três (término dos programas), seis e 12 meses (follow-up). Verificou-se efeito isolado do momento para a AF leve e AF moderada/vigorosa, aos seis e três meses, respectivamente, para cada nível da AF. Foram identificados aumentos significativos nos minutos/dia despendidos em AF em relação ao baseline (p < 0,050), independente do grupo. Não foi identificado efeito isolado do grupo ou interação grupo vs. momento, o que indica que os grupos submetidos aos programas de AF não se diferiram entre si e do grupo controle ao longo do tempo. Não houve influência significante da assiduidade nos programas de intervenção de prática da AF (min/dia). Assim, conclui-se que os programas de promoção da AF avaliados não foram capazes de aumentar o tempo diário despendido em AF, sugerindo a necessidade de adaptações na forma de estruturação e implementação destes programas.
Practice Summary: Deriving the Optimal Location of a Biorefinery in Northern Spain
Authors: Serrano-Hernandez Adrian , Pintor Jesus M. , Faulin Javier , Fikar Christian , Alegria Irantzu , Astiz Pablo
Published: November 2018

The authors developed a mathematical programming model to assist the Government of Navarre in Spain in determining the best location for a biorefinery in northern Spain.