bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absolute and relative reliability of SCRuM test battery components assembled for schoolboy rugby players playing competitive rugby in low-resource settings: A pragmatic in-season test-retest approach
Authors: Chiwaridzo Matthew , Tadyanemhandu Cathrine , Mkumbuzi Nonhlanhla , Dambi Jermaine M , Ferguson Gillian D , Smits-Engelsman Bouwien
Published: December 2021

Background: Schoolboy rugby is a popular sport which forms the bedrock of rugby development in many African countries, including Zimbabwe. With burgeoning talent identification programmes, the development of multi-dimensional, logically- validated, and reliable test batteries is essential to inform the objective selection of potentially talented young rugby athletes.
Objectives: This study sought evidence on the absolute and relative test-retest reliability of the component test items in the newly-assembled SCRuM test battery.
Methods: Utilising a pragmatic test-retest experimental design, a sample of 41 Under-19 schoolboy players playing competitive rugby in the elite Super Eight Schools Rugby League in Harare, Zimbabwe, participated in the study.
Results: Physiological and game-specific skills tests which showed good to excellent relative reliability and acceptable absolute reliability, included: 20 m and 40 m speed, L-run, Vertical Jump (VJ), 60 s Push-Up, 2 kg Medicine Ball Chest Throw test (2 kg MBCT), Wall Sit Leg Strength test (WSLS), Repeated High Intensity Exercise test (RHIE), One Repetition Maximum Back Squat (1-RM BS) and Bench Press tests (1-RM BP), Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 test (Yo-Yo IRT L1), Tackling Proficiency test, Passing Ability Skill test and Running and Catching Ability skill test.
Conclusion: All these tests are reliable and warrant inclusion in the SCRuM test battery for possible profiling of U19 schoolboy rugby players during the ‘in-season’ phase provided there is adequate participant familiarisation and test standardisation. The test-retest ICCs and measurement errors are generalisable to other young athletes in this population, making the tests useful for the evaluation of training and developmental effects of the measured constructs.
International procurement policies influencing renewable energy siting – implications for South Africa
Authors: Mosaka Thabang B. M. , Mararakanye Ndamulelo , Bekker Bernard
Published: December 2021

The South African Renewable Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme selects bid winners based on bid tariff (70% weighting) and various economic development criteria (30% weighting). Locating renewable energy (RE) projects in areas with better resources increases their cost competitiveness. As a result, most successful bids for wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems to date have been concentrated in the Eastern Cape and Northern Cape provinces, respectively. Studies have shown that a wider geographic distribution of wind and solar PV projects mitigates the impacts of the variability of wind and solar PV resources, eases grid congestion and generally improves the power system’s operation. This paper conducts a literature review to investigate the procurement methods used in different regions of the world to influence the placement of RE plants, the results of which then inform proposals on adjustments to the current REI4P. The study finds that, after congestion incidents due to concentration of RE plants, some regions implement location-based tariff, where high-resource areas receive the lowest tariff and vice versa. Other regions prioritise on building transmission infrastructure in high-resource areas, while others limit the size of RE installations in one area. Given the current generation and transmission constraints in South Africa, it is important to encourage geographical dispersion of RE plants and avoid RE curtailment, since this can escalate the cost of RE integration significantly.
Pinnacle Science Testo Boost Reviews: Real Pills Price & Ingredients! v1
Authors: Science Testo Boost Pinnacle
Published: December 2021

Pinnacle Science Testo Boost Testosterone Booster Canada is made under the direction of many rumored specialists and nutritionists.
Primer Design for Pyrosequencing v1
Authors: M Sapozhnikov Daniel
Published: December 2021

This is a protocol for the design of reliable primers for amplification of bisulfite-converted DNA with the intent of being used for pyrosequencing. It also includes a protocol for the design of sequencing primers for pyrosequencing and recommendations for optimization.
Sample Protocol v2
Authors: not provided Josh
Published: December 2021

abstract
Efecto de 2 y 4 meses de práctica de fútbol en el desarrollo osteogénico de niños prepuberales
Authors: Hernandez-Martin Antonio , Sanchez-Sanchez Javier , Manzano-Carrasco Samuel , Luis Felipe Jose , Gallardo Leonor , García-Unanue Jorge
Published: December 2021

El fútbol en edad infantil o juvenil se ha utilizado como una herramienta para mejorar la salud y prevenir futuras enfermedades. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar) el efecto de la participación de 2 y 4 meses en un deporte osteogénico como el fútbol en las variables de contenido mineral óseo y densidad mineral ósea en niños prepuberales. Se incluyeron 20 niños de categoría sub-10 (9,5 ± 1,4 años) que realizaban entrenamiento de fútbol 3 horas a la semana y se encontraban en la etapa de Tanner I. Los valores de densidad mineral ósea y contenido mineral óseo se midieron mediante un absorciómetro de rayos X de doble energía. Los resultados mostraron un incremento de los valores de contenido mineral óseo y densidad mineral ósea total tras los dos meses de práctica (p<0,05; TE: 0,11 y TE: 0,27 respectivamente), valores significativamente mayores tras cuatro meses de práctica en comparación con el valor inicial y el valor tras dos meses (p<0,05; TE: 0,40 y TE: 0,13 respectivamente). Aumento significativo de contenido mineral óseo y densidad mineral ósea en las piernas a los dos y cuatro meses de práctica (p<0,05; TE: 0,43 y TE: 0,40 respectivamente). Los datos sugieren que un programa de entrenamiento de fútbol recreativo de 2 y 4 meses es beneficioso para el desarrollo osteogénico y la salud de los niños durante la etapa prepuberal.
Urban Commons and Collective Action to Address Climate Change
Authors: Colding Johan , Barthel Stephan , Ljung Robert , Eriksson Felix , Sjöberg Stefan
Published: December 2021

Climate change and the coupled loss of ecosystem services pose major collective action problems in that all individuals would benefit from better cooperation to address these problems but conflicting interests and/or incomplete knowledge discourage joint action. Adopting an inductive and multi‐layered approach, drawing upon the authors’ previous research on urban commons, we here summarize key insights on environmentally oriented urban commons and elaborate on what role they have in instigating climate‐proofing activities in urban areas. We deal with three types of urban commons, i.e., “urban green commons,” “coworking spaces,” and “community climate commons.” We describe how allotment gardens, community gardens, and other types of urban green commons contribute to environmental learning that may boost understanding of environmental issues and which constitute important learning arenas for climate‐change mitigation and adaptation. We also deal with the newly emerging phenomenon of coworking spaces that share many essential institutional attributes of urban commons and which can work for climate‐change mitigation through the benefits provided by a sharing economy and through reduction of domestic transportation and commuting distance. Community climate commons represent commons where local communities can mobilize together to create shared low‐carbon assets and which hold the potential to empower certain segments and civil society groups so that they can have greater influence and ownership of the transformation of reaching net‐zero carbon goals. We conclude this article by identifying some critical determinants for the up‐scaling of environmentally oriented urban commons.
Urolithiasis complicated by chronic obstructive pyelonephritis in patients with concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular system
Authors: Royuk R. V. , Yarovoy S. K. , Khomov R. A.
Published: December 2021

Purpose of the study. To study the features of chronic obstructive pyelonephritis in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis and concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Materials and methods. The study included a total of 618 patients suffering from recurrent nephrolithiasis complicated by ChOP. The 3 groups were formed: the first (I) of them included 42 patients with ChOP and uncomplicated coronary heart disease (CHD); the second (II)- 38 patients with CHD complicated by chronic heart failure (CHF); III (control) group consisted of 24 respondents with recurrent urolithiasis.

Results. The sample was dominated by men (78 %). In total, there were 474 (76.7 %) patients with intact cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) suffered from 144 (23.3 %) patients, 38 (26.4 %) of whom had CHF of varying severity. Exacerbations of ChOP in patients of group I developed 1.5 times more often (once in 2.8-3 years) than in patients from the control group (on average after 18 months versus 28), and in group II almost annually (1 time in 13 months). In the entire cohort (n = 618), pyelonephritis was transformed into purulent-destructive in 19 (3.1 %) cases; with concomitant CVD, this complication developed in 7 (4.9 % of 144) cases, the remaining 12 (2.5 % of 474) respondents did not suffer from CVD. In group II, the purulent-destructive form occurred in 4 (10.5 %) patients; their share in the general group of patients with CVD was 2.8 % (the differences were significant - p < 0.05). Of the 19 patients with purulent-destructive pyelonephritis on the background of nephrolithiasis, more than a third (7 people - 36.8 %) had concomitant CHD, and of the 7 patients with this terrible complication that developed on the background of concomitant CHD, more than half (4 people - 57.1 %) had CHF of varying severity. The chemical composition of the urine samples was determined using a NICOLET iS10 spectral analyzer (Thermo scientific, USA). The stages of CHF were determined in accordance with the Strazhesco-Vasilenko classification [N. D. Strazhesco, V. H. Vasilenko, 1935]. Statistical data processing was carried out using the SPSS program 19. Absolute and relative indicators were calculated, as well as the exact Fisher criterion, taking into account the Bonferroni correction; the differences were considered reliable at p < 0.05.

Conclusion. in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis and concomitant CVD (especially with complicated CHF), exacerbations of obstructive pyelonephritis develop more often, the inflammatory process often turns into a purulent-destructive form.
The role of classical risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in unilateral transtibial amputation
Authors: Khokhlova O I , Vasilchenko E M. , Berman A M.
Published: December 2021

The study aimed to review the literature on the classical risk factors for knee osteoarthritis and their possible role in the development of this pathology in patients with unilateral transtibial amputation in terms of potential rehabilitation prospects. A search of publications was carried out using PubMed databases of the US National Center for Biotechnology Information and the website of the Elsevier publishing house. Well-established increased risk factors for knee osteoarthritis are old age, female gender, lower limb muscle weakness, low or excessive physical activity, overweight, a history of knee joint injury or surgery, chronic knee pain. These factors are common for disabled persons with unilateral transtibial amputation, which, combined with specific mechanical factors, makes these persons more vulnerable to the development and progression of osteoarthritis. Programs aimed at eliminating modifiable risk factors for the development of knee osteoarthritis can contribute to the preservation of knee joint function in the long term and improve the quality of life of persons with unilateral transtibial amputation. This requires the well-coordinated efforts of a multidisciplinary team, as well as the participation of the disabled persons themselves. Identification and management of the potentially modifiable classical risk factors for the development of knee osteoarthritis are one of the promising pathways of rehabilitation of persons with unilateral transtibial amputation.
Justification of treatment and possible outcomes of severe COVID-19
Authors: Khamitov R F , Andreicheva E N , Hairullina A R , Mingaleeva G F
Published: December 2021

The role of hyaluronic acid in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome, including those associated with severe COVID-19, is known. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor) are strong inducers of hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS2) in CD31+ endothelial cells, EpCAM+ cells of the alveolar epithelium of the lungs and fibroblasts. Hyaluronic acid can absorb water in quantities significantly exceeding its own molecular weight. Reducing the presence or inhibiting of hyaluronic acid synthesis is of great importance for facilitating the breathing of COVID-19 patients. Hyaluronidase-based preparations can reduce the accumulation of hyaluronic acid and promote pulmonary alveoli cleansing. Respiratory viral infections, including pandemic strains of coronaviruses, especially in severe cases with acute respiratory distress syndrome, can be complicated by the development of pulmonary fibrosis. It has been shown that changes in X-ray Computed Tomography findings characteristic of fibrosis in the first year after COVID-19 can significantly regress. A clinical case from the practice of treating a patient with a severe course of COVID-19, significant cardiovascular comorbidity, grade 2 obesity, which was regarded as significant risk factors for an unfavorable outcome, is presented. The patient with signs of progressive respiratory failure was admitted to the intensive care unit. Pulse therapy with glucocorticosteroids and anticoagulants was started. Deterioration of the condition is regarded as the beginning of acute respiratory distress syndrome, which complicated the cytokine storm induced by the coronavirus. The patient was taken for high-flow oxygenation. An anti-cytokine therapy was prescribed. Reduction of inflammatory markers was obtained, but severe respiratory failure persisted. The bovgialuronidase azoximer was included in the treatment. The patient's condition began to stabilize then she was discharged in stable condition without oxygen support. The available data on the negative role of hyaluronic acid in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19, as well as the need to reduce the likelihood of developing residual fibrous changes in the lungs in patients who have undergone acute respiratory distress syndrome, suggest the need for further studies of domestic azoximer bovgialuronidase properties in the treatment of severe forms of COVID-19.
Crecimiento empresarial en tiempos de incertidumbre: resumen de experiencias de organizaciones emblemáticas en la región andina
Authors: Beverinotti Javier , Figueroa Luis , Martínez Octavio
Published: December 2021

Históricamente, la región andina se ha caracterizado por ser una región relativamente inestable en su desempeño económico, político y social. Algunos de los países que la integran han experimentado situaciones de insurgencia, cambios políticos radicales (con alguna dosis de autoritarismo) y recurrentes crisis económicas que hacen que el entorno se vuelva altamente problemático para el desarrollo de las empresas. Aun así, existen casos de firmas emblemáticas que, en medio de la alta incertidumbre, han sabido desarrollarse y crecer. El presente trabajo tiene como fin identificar las principales condiciones externas del entorno e internas de las organizaciones que se perciben como las de mayor impacto para el crecimiento histórico de 20 empresas emblemáticas seleccionadas en cinco países de la región andina.
Respuesta social a las medidas no farmacológicas para controlar la propagación del COVID-19 en Colombia
Authors: Rivillas Juan Carlos , Rivera-Montero Danny Francis , Sánchez Sandra Marcela , Murad-Rivera Rocío , Calderón-Jaramillo Mariana
Published: December 2021

Introducción: al inicio de la pandemia, los gobiernos para mitigar y suprimir la propagación del virus, implementaron medidas no farmacológicas ante la falta de vacunas y tratamientos farmacológicos efectivos. El gobierno colombiano emprendió acciones para controlar el contagio del COVID-19. Estas afectaron a la población, por lo cual, el país requiere una evaluación profunda de la respuesta social ante la pandemia. Objetivo: analizar la respuesta social a las medidas no farmacológicas para controlar la propagación del COVID-19 en Colombia. Metodología: estudio exploratorio descriptivo transversal. El total de personas que respondieron la encuesta fue de 3549 adultos, entre el 8 y el 20 de abril de 2020. Resultados: en el país existen tres grupos de personas que están respondiendo a la pandemia de formas diferentes: quienes se resisten (34 %), quienes sufren (26 %) y quienes la aceptan (40 %). En general, 90 % de las personas adoptó al menos una medida para protegerse y a los demás, el 68% adoptó más de tres medidas de higiene y autocuidado, un 60 % implemento más de tres medidas de distanciamiento físico. Conclusiones: al inicio de la pandemia, la ausencia de una vacuna hace que las acciones individuales sean tan importantes como las medidas implementadas por el gobierno. Sin embargo, pedagogía a nivel comunitario y el acceso a la información correcta, clara y concisa puede contribuir con cambios de comportamientos positivos en la higiene, autocuidado y adherencia a medidas de distanciamiento, todo esto es crucial para detener la propagación de COVID-19.
Prevalence of Psychological Disorders in Patients with COVID-19 Syndrome
Authors: Sheykhangafshe Farzin Bagheri
Published: December 2021

The coronavirus 2019 first broke out on December 17, 2019 in Wuhan, China, and on March 11, 2020, it was announced as a worldwide pandemic by the World Health Organization. Despite nutritious diets and promising vaccines, health tips such as wearing a mask, social distancing, home quarantine, and not traveling are still the best ways to control the spread of COVID-19.While the widespread prevalence of COVID-19, severe restrictions, lack of definitive treatment, and the high infection and mortality rates have led to cognitive psychological disorders among the general population of the world. One of the epidemic consequences of COVID-19 syndrome in people who have defeated the coronavirus was psychological disorders. Considering the role of mental health in boosting the immune system, improving the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine and accelerating the treatment process of patients, it is suggested that in the post-COVID era, more attention be paid to the psychological health of the community.
THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINATION OF THE PERSONAL CHARACTER OF TESTATOR’S OBLIGATIONS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THEIR INCLUSION IN THE MASS OF THE SUCCESSION
Authors:   Head of the Department of Civil and Legal Disciplines of the Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Cherepanova Olga S.
Published: December 2021

The article examines controversial issues related to the responsibility of the heirs for the obligations of the testator, which have a connection with his personality. The article analyzes the opposing legal positions developed by judicial practice to determine the legal nature of these obligations. The conclusion is substantiated that it is necessary to include in the hereditary mass of obligations to compensate for moral harm and to compensate for harm to life and health, as not having a personal character.
ON OPPORTUNITIES FOR BROADENING OF NOTARIES’ POWERS IN TERMS OF ORGANIZATION OF VIDEO CONFERENCING WITH COMMERCIAL AND GENERAL JURISDICTION COURTS
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Private and Public Law of the Law Institute of the Penza State University Chairman of the Penza Regional Branch of the All-Russian Public Organization Association of Lawyers of Russia LL.D., Professor, Sintsov Gleb V. , Prokhorov Aleksey A. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Private and Public Law of the Law Institute of the Penza State University, PhD (Law)
Published: December 2021

In this article, the author considers the possibility of expanding the powers of notaries in terms of granting them the right to assist the courts in organizing court sessions through videoconferencing systems. The author concludes that the legal basis for this has actually been created, and such a consolidation of additional rights of notaries will significantly simplify the procedure for the remote participation of individuals in the consideration of the case. The granting of this right to notaries is especially relevant in the light of the development of the coronavirus pandemic COVID-19, which imposes serious restrictions on the possibility of direct, full-time participation of persons in court hearings.
Peculiarities of the Judicial Representation Institution in a Civil Procedure
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil and Legal Disciplines of the Crimean Law Institute (Branch) of the University of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation PhD (History), Counsellor of Justice, Potapova Larisa V.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the relevance of the application of the rules governing judicial representation in civil proceedings. The article analyzes the scientific points of view that reveal the essential and meaningful characteristics of this term, on the basis of which it was possible to identify that judicial representation is considered as an activity, institution and legal relationship. The key features of judicial representation and its features are defined. On the basis of the research, conceptual conclusions are formulated about the significance of this institution for the entire system of civil procedure law.
Contratos de propiedad intelectual en los modelos de negocio de los influencers
Authors: Miranda Natalia
Published: December 2021

El auge de los influencers deriva de su éxito como aliados de las marcas, al emplear las plataformas digitales y su cercanía con los consumidores para transmitir diversas ideas y mensajes, desarrollando funciones de entretenimiento, creación de contenido y publicidad. Así, su popularidad adquirida por medio de likes y seguidores denota implicaciones económicas relacionadas con la creación de nuevos modelos de negocio, con los que celebran contratos cuyo objeto es la explotación de derechos de Propiedad Intelectual. Por ello, este artículo identifica a los influencers, expone sus modelos de negocio y los contratos empleados en ellos, dando cuenta de su relación con la Propiedad Intelectual y otras ramas del derecho.
The Impact of Covid-19 on Higher Education: A Review on the Moroccan Case
Authors: Khaoula Belhassan , Jalal Azegagh
Published: December 2021

The period 1999-2009 was considered as “the decade of education” in Morocco because of the main projects of the overhaul of the education system launched during this period. This period has seen profound reforms which affected the organization, pedagogy, and financial management of Moroccan universities to improve their performances and to offer the market a skilled workforce. In March 2020, Morocco recorded the first positive cases of Covid-19. Following this situation and in interaction with the international circumstances, the country has embarked on an anticipatory strategy to limit the spread of this new virus through confinement that lasted from March 20 to July 10, 2020, influencing the normal functioning of most sectors and disrupting the strategies of all sectors of activity. The higher education sector has not escaped the effects of the pandemic. Through this article, we wonder about the impact of covid-19 on Moroccan higher education, scientific research, and currents project launched in this sector. We found that the learning process in universities was the most negatively impacted by the pandemic, at the same time, the scientific research mission saw improvements in publications and research funding during the crisis. Finally, the article highlights lessons from this pandemic for the Moroccan higher education sector, which could be illustrative for other developing countries.
Effects of different feed components and the treatment of the litter on the ammonia emission of equine urine
Authors: Bartos Ádám , Koltay Ilona , Ujj Zsófia , Bányai Adél , Such Nikoletta , Restás Zsuzsanna
Published: December 2021

The main goal of our research was to study the effects of different feed components and the treatment of the litter on the NH3 emission of equine urine. Four adult horses were used in the experiment. The basic diet consisted of 1500 g mashed oat, fed twice a day (morning and evening), and ad libitum hay. During the night the horses were kept separately in concrete floor boxes, the litter was wheat straw. The whole study was divided into 3 main periods. In the first period of the experiment the litter and the floor were treated with a probiotic supplement for two days in the evenings. In the second period of the experiment for 8 days the basic diet was supplemented with 40 ml of probiotic added to the oat. Before the third period of our study the horses were fed with their regular diet for two weeks. After that the oat was changed to a high-protein-value horse feed for 12 days. At the end of the second and third periods, the litter was treated again. Urine contaminated straw samples were collected after each period before and after the litter treatments from different places of the litter in the morning before the daily littering. From the samples, the dry matter content and the NH3 emission were measured. Statistical analysis was carried out with linear modelling. According to our results, both the probiotic treatment of the feed and the high-protein-value horse feed decreased the urine NH3 emission significantly (p<0.05). However, the NH3 emission was only slightly influenced by the litter treatment. Only in the case of probiotic feed supplement could a decrease in emission be detected, but the result was not significant. There was no difference in the dry matter content of the samples. Based on our results, we can conclude that both the high-protein-value horse feed and the probiotic supplement applied in our experiment can be useful to decrease urine NH3 emission by horses. The two-days litter treatment however seems to be too short to gain any positive effects.
Lightness contrast & assimilation: testing the hypotheses
Authors: Nedimović Predrag , Zdravković Sučica
Published: December 2021

Lightness contrast alters lightness of a target decreasing its similarity with neighbouring surfaces (inducers), while lightness assimilation has an opposite effect, similarity is increased. Previous studies emphasized some aspects of stimulation that favour occurrence of one or both of these two phenomena: spatial frequency of the inducers, magnitude and direction of the reflectance difference between the target and the inducers. More importantly, based on previous studies three precise hypotheses can be formulated that predict occurrence of the two phenomena: spatial frequency, differential stimulation and assimilation asymmetry.
We manipulated target and inducers’ reflectance, and inducers’ spatial frequency. This enabled us not only to test the importance of these factors, but to predict lightness for each stimulus, according to all three hypotheses. Our results confirmed the importance of tested factors for both lightness contrast and assimilation.
Unfortunately, the proposed hypotheses were poor in predicting the obtained data. Differential stimulation hypothesis correctly predicted obtained effect in less than half situations, since small reflectance differences produced contrast, and large differences produced assimilation. Spatial frequency hypothesis did not correctly predict the strength of obtained effects, and we obtained largest assimilation effects with low spatial frequency inducers. Finally, assimilation asymmetry hypothesis did not predict a single obtained effect. Contrary to this hypothesis predictions, we obtained contrast with decrement, and assimilation with increment inducers.
Competitive trait anxiety and general self-esteem of athletes according to the sport type and gender
Authors: Sanader Aleksandra A. , Petrović Jelena R. , Bačanac Ljubica , Ivković Ivan , Petrović Ivan B. , Knežević Olivera M.
Published: December 2021

Traditionally, anxiety has been interpreted as a negative emotional state characterized by nervousness, worry, fret, uncertainty and vague fear which could have an adverse effect on sports achievement. On the other hand, sport type and its specific nature and demands, may also be connected with the level of state and trait anxiety. This study aimed to investigate potential differences in the competitive trait anxiety level and general self-esteem according to gender in sports of different contact level. The sample consisted of 1024 (590 males and 434 females) young athletes. Independent variables were sport contact level (non-contact, contact and collision sports) and gender. Dependent variables were measured by the adjusted versions of Sport Competition Anxiety Test and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Basic descriptive statistics was calculated for all the groups, and the differences between them were established using χ² test and MANOVA. The results suggest significant differences in trait competitive anxiety per sport type, gender and their interaction, and no differences in the general self-esteem level. The current study reveals that not only the intensity but also the intergroup relationship of a sport contact level (non-contact, contact and collision sports) is gender determined. These findings are important in psycho-diagnostic procedure and choosing appropriate coping strategies for athletes.
STUDENTS' VIEW OF CURRENT CONTRACEPTION METHOD
Authors: Kopan S. V , Andreeva M. V , Tikhaeva K. Y , Shevtsova E. P
Published: December 2021

Currently Russia is experiencing a decrease in the birth rate, the number of women of fertile age. The statistics on the decrease in abortions is not objective since a certain portion of abortions made at private clinics remain unrecorded. Risky sexual behavior of young people, their lack of awareness of the consequences of abortion and modern methods of contraception have a negative impact on the nation's reproductive potential. The paper presents findings of a questionnaire survey of medical students on reproductive behavior, complications of abortions, and contraception.
STRUCTURE OF GROWTH DELAY IN CHILDREN OF ASTRAKHAN REGION
Authors: Bezrukova D. A , Dzhumagaziev A. A , Otto N. Yu , Shtepo M. V
Published: December 2021

Growth retardation in children and adolescents occupies a significant place in the structure of endocrine morbidity. The article reveals the gender characteristics of growth retardation, comorbidities in children and adolescents who were examined in the endocrinology department of the Regional Children's Clinical Hospital in the city of Astrakhan for 12 months of 2017. Late diagnosis and, therefore, late treatment initiation worsen the growth prognosis, thereby preventing the patient from achieving socially acceptable growth.
CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE MODERN COURSE OF INFLUENZA AMONG ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: Popov S. F , Loannidi E. A , Alexandrov O. V
Published: December 2021

The article presents a survey of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory features of the modern course of influenza among elderly patients. The article demonstrates the dominance of typical moderate and severe forms of the subtype A(H1N1) influenza among unvaccinated elderly patients taking into account of concomitant chronic cardiovascular, bronchopulmonary and endocrine diseases, in conditions of untimely hospitalization.
MORPHOFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF A HARMONIOUS SMILE
Authors: Vorobyov A. A , Makedonova Yu. A , Venskel E. V , Afanaseva O. Yu , Stavskaya S. V
Published: December 2021

Smile-expressive movements of facial muscles accompanying emotions, showing a disposition to laugh and expressing pleasure, greeting, joy, goodwill, emotion, irony, disdain, ridicule, suffering. Currently, the design of a smile is quite relevant direction not only in image-making, but also in aesthetic medicine and dentistry. Nowadays, people have become more demanding about their appearance. Modern people want to have a beautiful, healthy smile. Demand creates supply. Not so long ago, aesthetic dentistry entered the dental practice as a science at the intersection of dental specialties. A relatively new direction that deals with aesthetic issues through a comprehensive, consistent approach. This article describes a harmonious smile, the factors that make up a harmonious smile, from the perspective of aesthetic dentistry. A detailed analysis of the shape of the face is carried out, and the main landmarks that should be paid attention to when determining the parameters of the face are described. Dental rows, parallelism of key lines, analysis of the gingival edge in normal and pathological conditions are described. Based on these parameters, the dentist can determine the factors of a harmonious smile, their pathology in order to make a further treatment plan in order to make the patient's smile beautiful and happy.
EFFECT OF UDENAFIL ON THE COURSE OF EXPERIMENTAL CRITICAL ISCHEMIA OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES
Authors: Feyziev E. E , Sukovatykh B. S , Zatolokina M. A , Belous A. S , Trubnikova E. V.
Published: December 2021

The paper shows a comparative assessment of the effect of udenafil (Zidena®, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Korea) on the perfusion of healthy and ischemic tissues in critical ischemia of the lower extremities simulated in rats. Formed 4 experimental groups: 1 - intact; 2 - healthy animals with the introduction of udenafil (orally 8,6 mg/kg for 28 days); 3 - animals with ischemia without treatment; 4 - animals with ischemia and monotherapy with udenafil (similar to group 2). On the 21st and 28th days in all groups, the level of blood microcirculation in the leg muscles was recorded. At the same time, 10 animals were withdrawn from the experiment by anesthesia overdose and histological preparations of the leg muscles were prepared. The results obtained showed that udenafil increases regional blood flow both in non-ischemic tissues and in critical ischemia of the lower extremities.
FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN A LARGE INDUSTRIAL CITY
Authors: Belyaeva A. V , Latyshevskaya N. I , Filatov B. N , Davydenko L. A
Published: December 2021

Protection of the reproductive health of adolescent girls is a priority medical and social problem. The aim of the study was to provide a scientific justification for improving the system of medical and social assistance aimed at preserving the reproductive potential of girls, taking into account the characteristics of urbanized territories. It is shown that on the industrial territory of the city, an environment is formed that hinders the formation of reproductive potential: high prevalence of unfavorable environmental, medico-biological, social and hygienic factors, a higher prevalence of somatic and gynecological pathology of adolescent girls was established. Taking into account the peculiarities of the territory allows us to develop an effective algorithm of medical, social and preventive care for the protection of reproductive health of children and adolescents.
BUILDING A MODEL OF THE BUSINESS PROCESS OF STORING GOODS IN PHARMACY ORGANIZATIONS BASED ON AN INTEGRATED APPROACH
Authors: Vetiutneva N. A , Ovsyankina N. V
Published: December 2021

Based on the results of a comparative content analysis of the provisions of the main regulatory documents, ISO 9000 series standards, as well as studies of the process of storing pharmaceutical goods in pharmaceutical organizations, an integrated approach to building a model of the business process of storing drugs and medical products, taking into account their assortment, is justified. An optimized block diagram of the standard operating procedure for storing various groups of goods in the pharmacy range has been developed.
RANGE OF DIRECT-ACTING ANTI-VIRAL DRUGS FOR TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C LISTED BY THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE VOLGOGRAD REGION
Authors: Ganicheva L. M , Panfilova O. A , Voronova A. V
Published: December 2021

Viral hepatitis is an international public health threat. With the adoption of the UN Assembly Resolution in 2016, the problem of hepatitis no longer remains in the shadows. An important step towards eradicating chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is the introduction of direct-acting antiviral drugs into treatment standards. They appeared in the WHO List of Essential Medicines for the first time since 2014. On the territory of the Russian Federation, the number of registered international nonproprietary names increased in 2014-2020 by 3.5 times and at the time of 2020 it was 10. Direct-acting antiviral drugs were included in the Vital and most Essential Drugs List since 2017 (10 %), and by 2020 this indicator had increased by 7 times. In general, in the Russian Federation since 2017, there has been progress in solving a global problem through the use of more effective drugs, which cannot be said about the regions of our country. So, in the Volgograd region, not a single Direct-acting antiviral drugs of preferential leave for the treatment of CHC on an outpatient basis has been registered.
COVID-19 IN YOUNG PATIENTS WITH COMORBIDAL PATHOLOGY ON THE BACKGROUND OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION (CASES REPORT)
Authors: Ermilov V. V , Smirnov A. V , Dorofeev N. A , Grigorieva N. V , Barkanova O. N , Barkanov V. B , Bykhalov L. S , Poplavsky A. E , Goryachev Yu. N , Trubachev M. A , Kurganskaja M. A
Published: December 2021

Analyzed 2 deaths from pathological and forensic practice in order to show that comorbid diseases in young patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic increase the risk of an adverse outcome due to the potentiation of the systemic damaging action of the viral agent, decompensation of chronic therapeutic pathology, the development of acute complications and status, possible drug interactions. The management of this category of patients requires knowledge of the characteristics of a viral infection, its clinical manifestations in combination with comorbid diseases.
TYPE I EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION AS AN IMPORTANT BIOLOGICAL PROCESS IN EMBRYOGENESIS
Authors: Dvoryashina I. A , Velikorodnaya Yu. I , Terentev A. V , Zagrebin V. L
Published: December 2021

Epithelial-mesenchymal (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial (MEP) transitions play a significant role in the processes of embryogenesis, organogenesis and cell differentiation. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition also promotes the regeneration of damaged tissues, but in the case of its aberrant activation, it can initiate and aggravate the course of pathological processes such as fibrosis, metastasis, and carcinogenesis. In this review, we described the history of the study of these processes in the context of embryonic development, and also discussed the problems of terminology and different views on the concept of the determinism of the pathway of mature cells.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROBLEM - BASED LEARNING APPROACH AS A NEW TECHNOLOGY IN THE MEDICAL EDUCATION
Authors: Vinokur V. A , Boluchevskaya V. V.
Published: December 2021

Nowadays the necessity of implementation of new learning technologies in medical education is considered more and more actively. These technologies allow to move from the teacher-centered approach, which is based on the directive style of learning programs mainly because they are overloaded by lectures, to the student-centered approach which suggests more active educational technologies, such as problem-based learning. The principal ground of education in medicine is aimed mainly at receiving a new information but not at development of practical skills so the compliance between the educational and professional activities, knowledge and skills becomes the essential divergence instead. The experience obtained in different countries allows consider the problem-based learning as the most effective educational technology. It's main principle is a self-directed learning via active group work and supportive, stimulative and facilitative activity of a teacher. In these circumstances the acceptance of new knowledge becomes easier the students this process has internal stimuli while the proper group process supports the carrying out this motive. Key words of this approach are “find, create, master”. These principles are fulfilled in the creation of skills which are necessary for the successful practice. Among the skills to be developed here are hard - skills and especially soft - skills, related to a creativity, competence in communication, cooperation in a team, cognitive flexibility, the ability to cope the emotional arousal in the work etc. The effectiveness of a problem-based learning helps to solve the tasks, related to the medical staff education and training and could be essentially increased while using the new information technologies. The active learning makes the process of acceptance and mastering of knowledge and skills more individually based. The paper presents the reasons for the advanced implementation of the problem-oriented learning into the structure of the postgraduate medical studies. The psychological aspects of this process, methods and stages are described. The role of a teacher in this process and the core aspects of the carrying out of the problem-oriented learning are analyzed.
ETHICS OF DECISION MAKING IN MEDICINE IN THE ERA OF TECHNICAL REVOLUTION
Authors: Sedova Natalya N. , Guba Tatyana I.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Which way do world outlooks, scientific findings and empiric evaluations correlate with each other in decision making in medicine? The answer to this question is given in the scientific context. There is a theory of decision making which is in demand by medical professionals, though not enough yet [1, 2]. So, what is the theory of decision making and to what extent its advancement may be applied to medicine with growing contradictions of technological revolution and human bioevolution? The choice of tactics in a patients management does not depend exclusively on clinical decisions. A doctors moral stand plays a significant role in decision making in medicine. This article deals with some factors that have effect on this stand. The role of ethical expert examination is substantiated. It is particularly important due to implementation of human enhancement technologies in medical practice. Decision making is always associated with a choice of options. Moral considerations are a key point that must influence this choice under uncertain predictions concerning application of new biotechnologies.
CONTENT ANALYSIS OF TYPES OF RATIONALITY IN THE CONCEPTS OF MEDICINE OF THE FUTURE
Authors: Serova Irina A. , Yagodina Anna U. , Abramenko Vyacheslav I.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In this article content analysis is used to examine medical students' views on the standards of rationality in medicine of the past, present, and future. The study involved 229 residents of 32 specialties. A quantitative analysis of keywords in views of the future of medicine revealed indicators of all types of rationality. Postmodern ideals of superhealth and immortality became trends in medical futurology even though a tenth of respondents considered them illusory. Young doctors placed the basic tenet of the Hippocratic Oath, "Healing," back among the top keywords for medicine of the future. Faith, authority, dialogue, consent, and self-treatment have lost much of their appeal.
Information and Analytical Bulletin (INAB). Structural aspects of digital inequality
Authors:   Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chernysh Mikhail F. , Korotaev Sergei A. ,   National Research University «Higher School of Economics»; Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Epikhina Yulia B. ,   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

В Информационно-аналитическом бюллетене представлены статьи, в которых раскрываются структурные аспекты цифрового неравенства: факторы сегментации интернет-медиа, гендерное неравенство, рынок труда и занятость, социальная мобильность. Внимание уделяется теоретическому осмыслению цифровизации как новому стратифицирующему фактору. Анализ проведен на основе масштабных международных проектов.
Digitalization and inequality
Authors:   Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Chernysh Mikhail F.
Published: December 2021

В статье предложен ряд теоретических подходов, позволяющих оценить возможные последствия цифровизации. Подчеркивается, что в 90-е гг. ХХ в. внедрение цифровых технологий рассматривалось, прежде всего, как средство преодоления временных и пространственных ограничений, сдерживающих развитие современного общества. В 2000-е гг. возможное влияние цифровых технологий не ограничивалось только теми преимуществами, которые оно давало производительным силам. В научный оборот, благодаря работам У. Бека, вошли понятия «риск», «катастрофа» и «незнание», необходимые для анализа непреднамеренных последствий активного внедрения новых технологий. Основу цифровых технологий составляют алгоритмы – обезличенный синтаксис, все шире применяемый в сфере управления обществом. Как правило, алгоритмы формируются специалистами, которые не несут прямой ответственности за те последствия, которые влечет их применение. Широкое применение цифровых технологий в период эпидемии коронавируса COVID-19 продемонстрировало, что обезличенность и отчуждение становятся закономерными спутниками цифровых технологий в обществе. Особенно важны для современных обществ области применения цифровых технологий в сфере занятости. Дистантные формы занятости приводят к росту численности прекарных, нестабильных рабочих мест. В статье делается вывод о необходимости постоянного научного сопровождения процесса цифровизации, а также возможных рисков, которые он создает в современных обществах.