bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Focused Crawler for Borderlands Situation Information with Geographical Properties of Place Names
Authors: Hou Dongyang , Wu Hao , Chen Jun , Li Ran
Published: September 2014

Place name is an important ingredient of borderlands situation information and plays a significant role in collecting them from the Internet with focused crawlers. However, current focused crawlers treat place name in the same way as any other common keyword, which has no geographical properties. This may reduce the effectiveness of focused crawlers. To solve the problem, this paper firstly discusses the importance of place name in focused crawlers in terms of location and spatial relation, and, then, proposes the two-tuple-based topic representation method to express place name and common keyword, respectively. Afterwards, spatial relations between place names are introduced to calculate the relevance of given topics and webpages, which can make the calculation process more accurately. On the basis of the above, a focused crawler prototype for borderlands situation information collection is designed and implemented. The crawling speed and F-Score are adopted to evaluate its efficiency and effectiveness. Experimental results indicate that the efficiency of our proposed focused crawler is consistent with the polite access interval and it could meet the daily demand of borderlands situation information collection. Additionally, the F-Score value of our proposed focused crawler increases by around 7%, which means that our proposed focused crawler is more effective than the traditional best-first focused crawler.
Ecotourism Environmental Protection Measures and Their Effects on Protected Areas in China
Authors: Wang Ling-en , Zhong Linsheng , Zhang Yangjian , Zhou Bin
Published: September 2014

Ecological and environmental protection is the core content of ecotourism development. A quantitative evaluation of the effects of ecotourism environmental protection (hereinafter referred to as EEP) measures on protected areas is conducive to a deeper understanding of the key issues related to ecotourism development in China, thus providing the theoretical basis for formulating the relevant national policies of sustainable ecotourism development in China. This paper first discusses the evaluation index system and then establishes an index evaluation model of EEP measures and their effects on protected areas. Using surveys of more than 1110 protected areas in 27 provinces (autonomous regions or municipalities), we evaluated the EEP measures and their effects from a quantitative and spatial perspective. The completeness of EEP measures for Chinese protected areas was moderately effective, and the implementation status of the protection measures varied with the protection region. The effectiveness of EEP measures in different provinces and regions showed significant differences. The effectiveness decreased from east to west. The evaluation index values of the environmental protection measures displayed a high correlation with the effects of environmental protection on protected areas. The ecological protection measures should be further improved and strengthened according to their regional differences during ecotourism development.
Evaluation of Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity and Hematotoxicity of the Recombinant Spore-Crystal Complexes Cry1Ia, Cry10Aa and Cry1Ba6 from Bacillus thuringiensis in Swiss Mice
Authors: De Souza Freire Ingrid , Miranda-Vilela Ana , Barbosa Lilian , Martins Erica , Monnerat Rose , Grisolia Cesar
Published: September 2014

The insecticidal properties of Cry-endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have long been used as spore-crystals in commercial spray formulations for insect control. Recently, some Bt-endotoxin genes have been cloned in many different plants. Toxicological evaluations of three spore-crystal endotoxins, BtCry1Ia, BtCry10Aa and BtCry1Ba6 from B. thuringiensis, were carried out on mice to understand their adverse effects on hematological systems and on genetic material. These three spore-crystals have shown toxic activity to the boll weevil, which is one of the most aggressive pests of the cotton crop. Cry1Ia, Cry10Aa and Cry1Ba6 did not increase the micronucleus frequency in the peripheral erythrocytes of mice and did not cause changes in the frequency of polychromatic erythrocytes. However, some hematologic disburbances were observed, specifically related to Cry1Ia and Cry1Ba6, respectively, for the erythroid and lymphoid lineage. Thus, although the profile of such adverse side effects can be related to their high level of exposure, which is not commonly found in the environment, results showed that these Bt spore-crystals were not harmless to mice, indicating that each spore-crystal endotoxin presents a characteristic profile of toxicity and might be investigated individually.
Solution phase synthesis of short oligoribonucleotides on a precipitative tetrapodal support
Authors: Gimenez Molina Alejandro , Jabgunde Amit M , Virta Pasi , Lönnberg Harri
Published: September 2014

An effective method for the synthesis of short oligoribonucleotides in solution has been elaborated. Novel 2'-O-(2-cyanoethyl)-5'-O-(1-methoxy-1-methylethyl) protected ribonucleoside 3'-phosphoramidites have been prepared and their usefulness as building blocks in RNA synthesis on a soluble support has been demonstrated. As a proof of concept, a pentameric oligoribonucleotide, 3'-UUGCA-5', has been prepared on a precipitative tetrapodal tetrakis(4-azidomethylphenyl)pentaerythritol support. The 3'-terminal nucleoside was coupled to the support as a 3'-O-(4-pentynoyl) derivative by Cu(I) promoted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Couplings were carried out with 1.5 equiv of the building block. In each coupling cycle, the small molecular reagents and byproducts were removed by two quantitative precipitations from MeOH, one after oxidation and the second after the 5'-deprotection. After completion of the chain assembly, treatment with triethylamine, ammonia and TBAF released the pentamer in high yields.
THE INFLUENCE OF PRESTRESS LOSSES ON THE ANCHORAGE ZONE OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE MEMBER / ĮTEMPTŲJŲ GELŽBETONINIŲ ELEMENTŲ ĮTEMPIŲ NUOSTOLIŲ ĮTAKA INKARAVIMO ZONAI
Authors: Jokūbaitis Aidas , Valivonis Juozas , Zubrus Adomas
Published: September 2014

Article briefly discusses the factors affecting bond between concrete and reinforcement of prestressed concrete member. Behavior of prestressed concrete member during release of reinforcement is discussed. Comparative analysis of equations, which describes relation between strand draw-in and transfer length, is presented. Article analyses distribution of loss of prestress at the anchorage zone of prestressed concrete member. Estimation of rational position of strands at the anchorage zone of flexural prestressed concrete member was performed. Influence of constant and linearly variable stress distribution at the end of the strand and member cross-section hight on the position of the reinforcement at the member crosssection is analysed.
Straipsnyje trumpai aptariami įtemptųjų gelžbetoninių konstrukcijų sukibimą tarp betono ir armatūros lemiantys veiksniai. Aprašoma įtemptojo gelžbetoninio elemento elgsena atleidžiant armatūrą. Pateikiama kitų autorių eksperimentiniais tyrimais nustatytų priklausomybių tarp lynų praslydimo ir įtempių perdavimo ilgio lyginamoji analizė. Straipsnyje analizuojamas įtempių nuostolių pasiskirstymas įtemptojo gelžbetoninio elemento inkaravimo zonoje, apskaičiuota racionali įtemptojo lenkiamojo gelžbetoninio elemento lynų padėtis inkaravimo zonoje. Analizuojama, kokią įtaką lynų padėčiai elemento skerspjūvyje daro nuolatinis ir kintamas įtempių pasiskirstymas lynų galuose bei elemento skerspjūvio aukštis.
Mission Possible: Twenty-Five Years of University and College Collaboration in Baccalaureate Nursing Education
Authors: Zawaduk Cheryl , Duncan Susan , Mahara M. Star , Tate Betty , Callaghan Doris , McCullough Deborah , Chapman Marilyn , Van Neste-Kenny Jocelyne
Published: September 2014

In Canada, nurse educators from five postsecondary institutions in the province of British Columbia established a collaborative nursing education initiative in 1989, with a vision to transform RN college diploma programs to baccalaureate degree programs. The principles, processes, and structures that served to develop and sustain this nursing education initiative are briefly reviewed. Curriculum, scholarship, and education legislation serve as platforms to critically explore a 25-year history (1989–2014) of successes, challenges, and transitions within this unique nursing education collaboration. The importance of curriculum development as faculty development, program evaluation as an adjunct to pedagogical scholarship, diversity of cross-institutional mandates, political interplay in nursing education, collegiality, and courageous leadership are highlighted. Nurse educators seeking to create successful collaborations must draw upon well-defined principles and organizational structures and processes to guide pedagogical practices and inquiry while remaining mindful of and engaged in professional and societal developments. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2014;53(10):580–588.]
La sciencia theorica speculativa en la construcción gótica. El promotor eclesiástico de la catedral medieval
Authors: Lluis i Ginovart Josep
Published: September 2014

La construcción de las catedrales góticas puede considerarse como un trasvase de conocimiento entre las figuras eclesiásticas del obispo y Capítulo, y el arquitecto medieval. La belleza de la catedral dependía de la practica del constructor medieval, y de la teorica de sus promotores. Una muestra de esta transversalidad es el ejemplo de la construcción de la catedral de Tortosa. La metrología y la proporción de la arquitectura de la catedral, emanan directamente de las fuentes filosóficas del orden gótico. Los principales autores de referencia están identificados en su biblioteca capitular: San Agustín (ACTo 20), Calcidio y Capella (ACTo nº 80) y Macrobio (ACTo 236). Esta circunstancia ha permitido establecer unos puntos de contacto entre los saberes del promotor y del constructor góticos.
La Vasconia de Manuel Risco y la polémica subsiguiente sobre el pasado de Navarra
Authors: Mikelarena Peña Fernando
Published: September 2014

La publicación de La Vasconia, volumen XXXII de la colección España Sagrada, de Manuel Risco generó una polémica sobre los orígenes del reino de Navarra. Sus contenidos se pueden relacionar con las ideas sobre la historia de Navarra que sostenía Campomanes. En esa polémica participaron Juan Antonio Fernández y Miguel de Hualde, que no consiguieron el apoyo de la Diputación. La obra de Risco tendría ecos en la aportación realizada sobre Navarra por Traggia en 1802 editada en el Diccionario de la Real Academia de la Historia.
Construyendo consenso y legitimidad. La proyección política del catecismo de escolástico Zegada en tiempos de la ‘Confederación’ Argentina (1853-1862)
Authors: Medina Federico
Published: September 2014

En 1855 Justo José de Urquiza -presidente de la ‘Confederación’ Argentina- resolvió reeditar con fondos públicos el catecismo Instrucciones Cristianas y recomendarlo para la formación de niños en las escuelas de primeras letras de la ‘Confederación’. El autor del texto fue el clérigo jujeño Escolástico Zegada (1813-1871). En la reescritura, exaltaba la administración de Urquiza y convocaba de forma explícita a los lectores a apoyar al gobierno. Para ello, el clérigo utilizó modelos bíblicos del catolicismo romano. En consecuencia, el presente trabajo analiza, en primer lugar, los motivos por los cuales Urquiza y miembros de su gabinete resolvieron reeditar el catecismo. En segundo lugar, se estudia cómo el clérigo construía simbólicamente el liderazgo de Urquiza al frente del gobierno nacional. Así, se busca comprender las particularidades de las relaciones entre poder temporal y poder celestial en la Argentina hacia mediados del siglo XIX.
Un templo para la nación española: la Basílica del Pilar (1854-1940)
Authors: Ramón Solans Francisco Javier
Published: September 2014

Basándonos en un análisis en la longue durée, este trabajo pretende observar como el templo del Pilar fue adquiriendo progresivamente un carácter nacional. En una coyuntura particularmente favorable a los cultos marianos, el relato del Pilar fue adaptándose a los nuevos tiempos. El desafío abierto por el Sexenio democrático impulsó el carácter nacional de su templo. Asimismo, el Pilar fue adquiriendo una dimensión histórica y militar a través de su utilización durante la conmemoración de los Sitios y la Guerra del Rif. Sólo teniendo en cuenta este proceso se puede comprender el importante papel que desempeñó su templo durante el franquismo.
Cyber Attacks on Critical Infrastructure
Authors: Kovacevic Ana , Nikolic Dragana
Published: September 2014

We are facing the expansion of cyber incidents, and they are becoming more severe. This results in the necessity to improve security, especially in the vulnerable field of critical infrastructure. One of the problems in the security of critical infrastructures is the level of awareness related to the effect of cyberattacks. The threat to critical infrastructure is real, so it is necessary to be aware of it and anticipate, predict, and prepare against a cyber attack. The main reason for the escalation of cyberattacks in the field of Critical Infrastructure (CI) may be that most control systems used for CI do not utilise propriety protocols and software anymore; they instead utilise standard solutions. As a result, critical infrastructure systems are more than ever before becoming vulnerable and exposed to cyber threats. It is important to get an insight into what attack types occur, as this may help direct cyber security efforts. In this chapter, the authors present vulnerabilities of SCADA systems against cyber attack, analyse and classify existing cyber attacks, and give future directions to achieve better security of SCADA systems.
Answering the New Realities of Stalking
Authors: Alonso de Escamilla Avelina
Published: September 2014

This chapter aims mainly to carry out a study of a new type of harassment named stalking. After the study of its contents through the opinions of the most recognized specialist on it, the chapter defines the crime based on the expert's opinion. A study of comparative law is done, and this study focuses on the different ways stalking happens. This chapter offers a critical study of the inclusion of stalking as a felony in the criminal amendment Organic Criminal Law 10/1995 of 23 November, Criminal Law Code. To finish, this chapter proposes some improvements to that regulation and focuses on the new realities that bring about cyber stalking.
Fighting Cybercrime and Protecting Privacy
Authors: Valls-Prieto Javier
Published: September 2014

This chapter is about the use of large-scale databases that has increased considerably in the last two years. It is a powerful tool to predict future situations that may affect society. The use of an environmental scanner to fight cybercrime—as an organized crime—is the project for using this technique of large-scale databases to try to guarantee the security against the risk of new, developing forms of criminal activities. On the other hand, the use of large-scale databases utilizes a great amount of personal data to try to predict where and how organized crime or new forms of criminality will develop. This means that we have to evaluate the interests of security of society and the privacy of the person, and we have to find the way to balance both in a democratic society. There are important ethical issues to be considered in the employment of this new and unregulated instrument.
Event Reconstruction
Authors: Chabot Yoan , Bertaux Aurélie , Kechadi Tahar , Nicolle Christophe
Published: September 2014

Event reconstruction is one of the most important steps in digital forensic investigations. It allows investigators to have a clear view of the events that have occurred over a time period. Event reconstruction is a complex task that requires exploration of a large amount of events due to the pervasiveness of new technologies. Any evidence produced at the end of the investigative process must also meet the requirements of the courts, such as reproducibility, verifiability, validation, etc. After defining the most important concepts of event reconstruction, the authors present a survey of the challenges of this field and solutions proposed so far.
Indirect Attribution in Cyberspace
Authors: Layton Robert , Watters Paul A.
Published: September 2014

We are now in an era of cyberconflict, where nation states, in addition to private entities and individual actors, are attacking each other through Internet-based mechanisms. This incorporates cyberespionage, cybercrime, and malware attacks, with the end goal being intellectual property, state secrets, identity information, and monetary gain. Methods of deterring cybercrime ultimately require effective attribution; otherwise, the threat of consequences for malicious online behaviour will be diminished. This chapter reviews the state of the art in attribution in cyberspace, arguing that due to increases in the technical capability of the most recent advances in cyberconflict, models of attribution using network traceback and explicit identifiers (i.e. direct models) are insufficient build trustworthy models. The main cause of this is the ability of adversaries to obfuscate information and anonymise their attacks from direct attribution. Indirect models, in which models of attacks are built based on feature types and not explicit features, are more difficult to obfuscate and can lead to more reliable methods. There are some issues to overcome with indirect models, such as the complexity of models and the variations in effectiveness, which present an interesting and active field of research.
Modern Crypto Systems in Next Generation Networks
Authors: Biradar Rajashekhar C. , Nayaka Raja Jitendra
Published: September 2014

The performance of Next Generation Networks (NGN) in terms of security, speed, synchronization, latency, and throughput with variable synchronous or asynchronous packet sizes has not been sufficiently addressed in novel crypto systems. Traditional crypto systems such as block and stream ciphers have been studied and implemented for various networks such as wire line and wireless systems. Since NGN comprises of wire line and wireless networks with variable packet-based communication carrying various traffic like multimedia, video, audio, multi conferencing, and a large amount of data transfers at higher speeds. The modern crypto systems suffer with various challenges such as algorithm implementation, variable packet sizes, communication, latency, throughput, key size, key management, and speed. In this chapter, the authors discuss some of the important issues and challenges faced by modern crypto systems in Next Generation Networks (NGN) such as algorithm implementation, speed, throughput and latency in communication, point-to-multipoint, broadcast and key size, remote key management, and communication speed.
Automatic Detection of Cyberbullying to Make Internet a Safer Environment
Authors: Kovacevic Ana , Nikolic Dragana
Published: September 2014

The Internet has become an inevitable form of communication, which enables connections with colleagues, friends, or people with similar interests, regardless of physical barriers. However, there is also a dark side to the Internet, since an alarming number of adolescents admit they have been victims or bystanders of cyberbullying. In order to make the Internet a safer environment, it is necessary to develop novel methods and software capable of preventing and managing cyberbullying. This chapter reviews existing research in dealing with this phenomenon and discusses current and potential applications of text mining techniques for the detection of cyberbullying.
Internet of Things
Authors: Oriwoh Edewede , Williams Geraint
Published: September 2014

The Internet of Things (IoT), a metaphor for smart, functional Cyberphysical Environments (CPE), is finding some usefulness in various sectors including healthcare, security, transportation, and the Smart Home (SH). Within the IoT, objects potentially operate autonomously to provide specified services and complete assigned tasks. However, the introduction of new technologies and/or the novel application of existing ones usually herald the discovery of unfamiliar security vulnerabilities, which lead to exploits and sometimes to security breaches. There is existing research that identifies IoT-related security concerns and breaches. This chapter discusses existing Digital Forensics (DF) models and methodologies for their applicability (or not) within the IoT domain using the SH as a case in point. The chapter also makes the argument for smart forensics, the use of a smart autonomous system (tagged the Forensics Edge Management System [FEMS]) to provide forensic services within the self-managed CPE of the SH.
Honeypots and Honeynets
Authors: Marín José Manuel Fernández , Naranjo Juan Álvaro Muñoz , Casado Leocadio González
Published: September 2014

This chapter presents a review and a case of study of honeypots and honeynets. First, some of the most important and widely used honeypots in the current market are selected for comparative analysis, evaluating their interaction capacity with an attacker. Second, a self-contained honeynet architecture is implemented with virtual machines. An intrusion test is performed against the honeynet to observe the quality and quantity of the information collected during the attack. The final goal of this analysis is to assess the capacity of monitoring and threat detection of the honeynets and honeypots.
Infant Cry Detection and Pain Scale Assessment
Authors: Sriraam N. , Tejaswini S.
Published: September 2014

A biological alarm system that connects mother and new born is referred as infant cry. Infant cry is a first means of communication through which mother understands the level of distress/ needs. Infant cry can be considered a multimodal behavior which involves limb movements, facial expressions which changes over time to identify the needs of an infant. The cry of the baby cannot be predicted accurately and it is hard to identify for what it cries for. The infant's cry is mainly a vocal signal which is a way of communication that aims to get attention of the listener to a physical state like hunger, pain, discomfort, fear, illness, wet diaper etc., .Pain is one of the most common symptoms experienced world over. Pain is an unpleasant feeling that is conveyed to the brain by sensory neurons. The discomfort signals actual or potential injury to the body. This pilot study gives an insight on the current state of works in infant cry analysis and pain scale assessment and also concludes with thoughts about the future directions for better representation and interpretation of infant cry signals.
Clinical Engineering in India
Authors: Sriraam N. , Deepak Nikitha , Kumar Pratibha Ashok , Gopakumar Priyanka , Sridhar Shreya , Setlur Ashwini B. , Rani Megha , R. Pooja , Eepsa
Published: September 2014

Clinical Engineering (CE), an interdisciplinary field derived from classical engineering emphasize on the importance of two important domains, medical and engineering. The field comprises of major themes that include medical terminology, clinical measurement and instruments, human factor engineering, medical ethics. As a clinical engineer, he/she makes sure on safety aspects in the hospital, ensures regular preventive maintenance procedures, evaluates new technologies, and develops a close relationship with clinicians. All this process ensures effective patient care and successful outcome of treatment. If clinical engineering procedures are incorporated in a larger scale in greater number of hospital and healthcare centers, a better patient-care outcome can be expected. The proposed work reports on the case study on need for clinical engineering and clinical engineers in India to bridge the crucial gap between engineering and medical domains. A survey was conducted to know from the public on initiating a new post graduate program on clinical electronics engineering. The outcome of the survey clearly shows an indication on the need for initiating the course in the post graduate level engineering program.
Design of Nasal Ultrasound
Authors: Arun Uma , Namitha M.K. , Venugopal Ashwini , Sharma Anima
Published: September 2014

An A-scan ultrasound gives us one dimensional information about the area of interest in the body being examined. Paranasal sinuses are empty air-filled cavities whose functions are to support the weight of the skull, introduce resonance to voice and condition the respired air. They are located in the nasal cavity -maxillary sinuses, above the eyes-frontal sinuses, between the eyes -ethmoidal sinuses and behind the ethmoids- sphenoidal sinuses. The objective of our project is to design an A-mode ultrasound system for the detection of paranasal sinusitis, primarily maxillary sinus. The existent conventionally used methods for detection of paranasal sinuses are the X-ray and CT methods. This amounts to large radiation dose every time the patient undergoes an examination and is more expensive. The reasons behind choosing to use the ultrasound method are that it is relatively inexpensive and can be made portable. It is safe as no ionizing radiation is used. Since the ultrasound technique has limited bone penetration which restricts its use to maxillary sinuses alone.
Intelligent Stethoscope
Authors: Buvaneshwari B , Rohinee NA , Roopkumar Sahana , Vittal Prabhu Ravikala
Published: September 2014

Heart valve disorders are primarily detected by auscultation, technique of listening to heart sounds. A more modern form of this technique is phonocardiography, concerned with the automated acoustic recording and processing of heart sounds.This paper presents a method that aims at development of an algorithm to detect common heart valve disorders by processing heart sounds and provision of easy access to patient data via the Internet. The proposed method uses thresholding techniques to determine certain criteria which can detect whether a heart sound recording belongs to a person suffering from valvular heart disease or not, by giving ‘diseased' or ‘not diseased' decisions (S. Ari, K. Sensharma, G. Saha, 2008). The recording in case of a ‘diseased' condition is transmitted to the hospital information system via the Internet, wherein it can be further analyzed by a doctor to diagnose the disease.
Fusing Color and Texture Cues to Identify the Fruit Diseases Using Images
Authors: Dubey Shiv Ram , Jalal Anand Singh
Published: September 2014

The economic and production losses in agricultural industry worldwide are due to the presence of diseases in the several kinds of fruits. In this paper, a method for the classification of fruit diseases is proposed and experimentally validated. The image processing based proposed approach is composed of the following main steps; in the first step K-Means clustering technique is used for the defect segmentation, in the second step color and textural cues are extracted and fused from the segmented image, and finally images are classified into one of the classes by using a Multi-class Support Vector Machine. The authors have considered diseases of apple as a test case and evaluated our approach for three types of apple diseases namely apple scab, apple blotch and apple rot and normal apples without diseases. The experimentation points out that the proposed fusion scheme can significantly support accurate detection and automatic classification of fruit diseases.
Assessing Learners' Reading Literacy through New Approaches
Authors: Nirchi Stefania
Published: September 2014

Reading comprehension is a process that has been the subject of studies for several years; there have been many attempts to make it a reference model, especially for teachers. Studies on the topic differ greatly depending on whether the approach is linguistic, social, or psychological. However, the common starting point of these studies is the procedural nature of comprehension and the active role played by the reader in the construction of meaning; a centrality that the reader also maintains in an era, the current, which is characterized by a nature deeply digital and in which the impact with the “text” is very strong and immediate and the dimension of participation assumes thickness in an immersion in network charge of charm. Therefore this paper represents the introduction to a thorough research that the author would develop to analyze the impact the digital reading has on the learning process of students. The survey referred, and of which it will be in the following essays to this, has as its object of study “Process and system evaluation and digital technologies.” In this paper, however, starting with a few mentions to the executive research plan we focus only on the relative in reading literacy. For this reason, this paper will examine some of the models present in the literature that are useful in providing valuable guidance to teachers on teaching /learning strategies that can promote learners' acquisition of specific reading skills. The purpose is to understand if, by changing the “medium” book, these strategies are valid and sufficient to produce learning in a context of digital reading.
Role Playing and Perspective Taking
Authors: Carlomagno Nadia , Di Tore Alfredo , Sibilio Maurizio
Published: September 2014

The rationale of this work combines the concepts of role playing and storytelling in the creation of an interactive virtual environment aimed at assessing and training students' perspective taking skill, or the ability of students in primary and secondary level to take the point of view of the characters of a narrative. The ability to take the perspective of others is extremely important from the cognitive point of view. Piaget has suggested that the moment we abandon the egocentric perspective in favor of the ability to take another point of view, takes place not earlier than seven years of age. Subsequent researches challenged the findings of Piaget. For this reason, the project will address children in the last years of primary school (aged 8-10) and the first level of secondary school (aged 11-13). From 8 years old then, in fact, the child, in the opinion of many researchers who have addressed this issue, should be out of the egocentric stage and should have acquired the skill of perspective taking. The goal of current stage is to create a tool that allows the students to take the point of view of the characters in a story and to make choices in the narrative, which are consistent with the role of the character played.
Can Marketing Strategies Enhance the Adoption of Electronic Government Initiatives?
Authors: Simintiras Antonis C. , Dwivedi Yogesh K. , Rana Nripendra P.
Published: September 2014

This article assesses the role and likely impact of marketing on the adoption of e-government initiatives. Although the role of tactical marketing in increasing awareness and enhancing adoption has been recognised, strategies required for realising the benefits of marketing e-government services have not been forthcoming. Given that citizens' usage behaviour of e-government services remains sub-optimal and the potential contribution of marketing, we propose a set of marketing-based strategic approaches and argue that they can play an essential role in enhancing adoption of e-government initiatives and propelling citizen's engagement with e-governance. Based on citizens' differential levels of usage behaviour of e-government services and benefits sought from engaging in e-governance, this article classifies citizens into six distinct segments and suggests generic strategic approaches.
Behavioral Intention Towards E-Government in Malaysia
Authors: Taiwo Ayankunle A. , Downe Alan G. , Loke Siew-Phaik
Published: September 2014

This study examines an amplified unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) in the context of eGovernment to get a better understanding of users' behaviour towards eGovernment. Two hundred and six respondents (206) participated in the study and the data was analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The study revealed that Performance Expectancy, Risk Taking Propensity, Attitude towards Computer and Web Trust dimensions are essential precursor of behavioural intention of Malaysians towards eGovernment. The study further suggests that policy-makers can increase eGovernment usage by creating applications that meets expected demands and needs of the people with provision of trust facilitating environment and security conditioned systems.
User Acceptance and Mobile Payment Security
Authors: Urmetzer Florian , Walinski Isabelle
Published: September 2014

There have been multiple studies detailing mobile payment and its market potential. There is a gap in the literature when it comes to the study of acceptance factors focusing on security and trust. The researchers asked which qualities of security have an influence on the acceptance of a mobile payment service provider. Therefore this study will focus on distinguishing security in two dimensions: objective and subjective security. Objective security represents the user's perception of existing technical safety mechanisms. Subjective security is intangible, based on the user's feelings and perception towards security (trust). The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was the theoretical model used in the study. About three hundred responses were collected using an online questionnaire. The study showed that despite the financial crisis banks are still the preferred providers for mobile payment services, where over 80% of the respondents would like to receive the service from a bank. In contrast, only 20% would like to receive such a service from a mobile phone producer. Additionally objective security does not substantially increase subjective security; hence the user trusts the provider rather than the technology itself.
The Impact of Perceived Organizational Politics on Work Attitudes
Authors: Chhetri Prerna , Afshan Nikhat , Chatterjee Srabasti
Published: September 2014

An understanding of politics at workplace is of utmost importance as it is an inherent part of workplace activities. It is evident in processes such as decision making, allocation of resources. This study investigated the effect of perceived organizational politics (POP) on workplace attitudes such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intentions. Further, the paper investigated the role of Leader-Member-Exchange (LMX) on the relationship between perceived organizational politics and workplace attitude. The hypothesized relationship was tested on a sample of 228 employees from Indian IT sector. Factor Analysis on POP suggested that variables can be summarized by two factors; Perceived Politics in organizational management (POP1) and Perceived Politics in co-workers (POP2). The findings suggest that there exists a negative relation between POP and workplace attitude. The results show that incase of the relationship between POP and workplace attitude, the part of organizational politics related to management has shown a significant negative impact on organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and a positive relation to turnover intention. With regard to the role of LMX in the relation between POP and workplace attitudes, results of LMX as a moderator have confirmed to the hypothesis.
Information Architecture For IS Function
Authors: Carriço Nelson , Varajão João , Fernandes Vítor Basto , Dominguez Caroline
Published: September 2014

Today's complex, unstable and competitive society raises several difficulties to organisations. In this context, Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) and information itself have become resources of vital importance. The pressing need for Information Systems (IS) to meet several business requirements, in addition to the complexity involved in technology and business management, turns the IS Function one of the main areas of influence for success of modern organisations. Through its capacity of representing activities, management objects and corresponding relations, the Information Architecture of the Information Systems Function (IAISF), a technique derived from the well-known Information Architecture but exclusively focused on the Information Systems Function (ISF), allows not only the conceptualization and understanding of the ISF itself, but also of its interactions with other areas within organizations. This paper presents the main results of a case study related to the application of the IAISF technique in a computer service centre of a University.
FLINN
Authors: Pérez-Sanagustín Mar , Alario-Hoyos Carlos , Kloos Carlos Delgado
Published: September 2014

Thanks to technology, people learn continuously, anytime and anywhere, and in multiple situations that combine formal, non-formal and informal learning. However, recognizing the type of learning taking place in such technology-enhanced learning (TEL) situations is a big challenge, since the boundaries between these three kinds of learning are blurred. In this paper we present FLINN (FormaL INformal and Non-formal), a framework that defines formal, non-formal and informal learning situations as a continuum of two factors: (a) how learning is achieved; and (b) the setting where the learning situation takes place. This framework helps systematically characterize TEL situations, and as a consequence understand the kind of learning taking place, and recognize the learning opportunities that may arise in these situations. To illustrate the FLINN framework the authors describe three different scenarios, all employing interactive tags combined with other technologies for supporting collaboration in different settings, and embracing a diversity of learning objectives.
Requirement Estimation and Design of Tag software in Web Application
Authors: Gupta Karan , Goel Anita
Published: September 2014

Tag software is included in a web application to facilitate categorization and classification of information. Generally, freely available tag software is adapted, or new code is written to incorporate tagging functionality. Since there is an absence of requirement specification and design document for tag software, even academically, it becomes difficult for the user to know about the possible features that can be included in the tag software. The user has to search for those features to be able to implement them in the software. So, there is a need that the user is made aware of the features available. Moreover, not all the features are relevant for the user; hence, there is a need for some kind of mechanism to ease the decision process. This paper presents - (1) a design for tag software, and (2) categorization of requirements of tag software in a web application. The design helps the developer during updating and analysis. The logical view of design displays interaction of entities and sub-entities with users. A weighted requirement checklist is presented which segregates features in three categories based on their popularity. This eases the task of selecting the requirement of tag software for the user. A metric, software estimation, is defined for quantifying selected requirements. A case study of freely available tag software is presented, in which estimation and design is applied.
Enhanced Utility in Search Log Publishing of Infrequent Items
Authors: Belinsha S. , Raghavendra A.P.V.
Published: September 2014

Search engines are being widely used by the web users. The search engine companies are concerned to produce best search results. Search logs are the records which records the interactions between the user and the search engine. Various search patterns, user's behaviors can be analyzed from these logs, which will help to enhance the search results. Publishing these search logs to third party for analysis is a privacy issue. Zealous algorithm of filtering the frequent search items in the search log looses its utility in the course of providing privacy. The proposed confess algorithm extends the work by qualifying the infrequent search items in the log which tends to increase the utility of the search log by preserving the privacy. Confess algorithm involves qualifying the infrequent keywords, URL clicks in the search log and publishing it along with the frequent items.
Implementing Linguistic Landscape investigations with M-learning for Intercultural Competence Development
Authors: Waliński Jacek Tadeusz
Published: September 2014

Portable multimedia devices shape the intensity of intercultural contacts not only through content consumption but also through content creation. Enabling learners to participate in content exchange via the Web 2.0 paradigm (audiences as both media consumers and media creators) can be employed to create new forms of acquiring knowledge. This study demonstrates an application of m-learning in a situated in-the-field examination of cultural diversity with the Linguistic Landscape approach. The application is shown from the pedagogical perspective of authentic, informal learning activities conducted in the framework of connectivism. The examination of cultural diversity is conducted in the context of a local environment, i.e. a location familiar to learners. This paper presents a scenario of m-learning activities intended to demonstrate that cultural awareness is often biased by subjective perspectives and stereotypes. Autonomous discovery of this phenomenon results in elevation of learners' openness toward other cultures, which contributes to intercultural competence development.
Mobile Learning in Secondary Education
Authors: Montrieux Hannelore , Courtois Cédric , De Grove Frederik , Raes Annelies , Schellens Tammy , De Marez Lieven
Published: September 2014

This paper examines the school-wide introduction of the tablet computer as a mobile learning tool in a secondary school in Belgium. Drawing upon the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior, we question during three waves of data collection which factors influence teachers' and students' acceptance and use of these devices for educational purposes. The first wave indicated that attitudes towards the rollout are generally positive. Teachers and students are intrinsically motivated, welcoming it as an instrumental, and for students enjoyable, learning tool. However students do report feelings of social pressure. While after three months, the prior expectations hold up for both stakeholders, results of the third wave show a different pattern. Teachers' acceptance seems to be related to attaining a positive attitude, social influence and the sense to master the new technology while regarding students' results; only behavioral control remains significant. These results challenge teaching practices and invite manifold areas for further research.
Imbalances in the Cadastre and Land Book
Authors: Dobre Ramona
Published: September 2014

The present paper aims to highlight the Romanian necessity to eliminate the imbalances from cadastre and land book. For this purpose are identified the main causes that determined the current factual situation and at the same time there are elaborated a set of solutions in order to correct those imbalances. Furthermore the paper aims to anticipate the beneficial effects that these solution have on the agriculture and rural development. The research methods utilized in this paper consist in documentary synthesis and analysis of specialized paper works and studies from France and United Kingdom and the Romanian legislation in force in the field.
Evaluating the use of microscopic examination and rapid diagnostic tests to diagnose malaria in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Omalu Innocent C. , Uzoaga George , Olayemi Israel Kayode , Mgbemena Charles , Hassan Suleiman , Pam Victoria , Lateef Adeniran , Eke Samuel Sunday
Published: September 2014

The global impact of malaria has spurred interest in developing prompt and accurate diagnostic strategies to provide an effective management of the disease. The aim of this study was to compare rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for malaria with routine microscopy. Samples were collected randomly from 364 febrile out-patients with clinical suspicion of malaria from four hospitals in North Central Nigeria. Results from the rapid diagnostic kits were analysed and compared to those obtained by general microscopy. Of the 364 out-patients involved in the study, 218 (59.89%) tested positive for Plasmodium falciparum by RDTs, whereas 263 (72.256%) tested positive by microscopy. There are significant differences (P<0.05) in infection rates between RDT and microscopy. The sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive values of RDTs compared to microscopy are low, while the positive predictive value is high. Evaluation of RDTs against the parasite-positive panel with parasite densities of <1000 parasites/μL, between 1000-5000 parasites/μL and above 5000 parasites/ μL was 11.73, 30.61, 57.65% for RDTs compared to 6.11, 27.95 and 65.94% for microscopy, respectively. Test line intensity increases with increase in parasite densities for both methods.
The story of the hashtag(#): A practical theological tracing of the hashtag(#) symbol on Twitter
Authors: Van den Berg Jan Albert
Published: September 2014

The phenomenon relating to the popularity and impact of social media as an important expression of the new digital world, is already widely known and well-documented. In this research, the main focus will fall on a specific manner of expression associated with social media and, in particular, with the Twitter platform, namely the hashtag (#) symbol. This symbol has come to comprise an important expression in popular culture, and is generally associated with various dimensions of activities in the social media environment. Through the use of several examples from the recent past, the development and meaning of the hashtag will be explored and described. As part of this description, a motivation will be put forward as to why it is important, for the purposes of a practical theological involvement as expressed in the dimensions of a lived spirituality, to take cognisance of the hashtag and the world that is associated with it. Arising from this motivation, and in congruence with the strategic character of practical theology, perspectives will be mapped out with a view to the further use and meaning of a dynamic reading of the hashtag.
Giant adenomatous polyp of stomach: Case report of a rare tumor with unusual features
Authors: Dudani Sharmila , Sahai Kavita , KR Rathi , Mehta Ritu
Published: September 2014

Adenomatous polyps of the stomach are rare tumors and comprise <10% of gastric polyps. They are usually located in the antrum and arise in a background of chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. These tend to remain asymptomatic, but do carry significant risk of malignant change wherein underlies their importance. The magnitude of the risk of malignancy is not precisely defined, but is considered to be in the range of 5-15%, which increases with the size of the tumor. In this case report, we would like to highlight a large adenoma of stomach measuring 9 cm. This is the first case to the best of our knowledge to have attained such a huge dimension without any associated gastric pathology. Since synchronous carcinomas are known to exist in a large percentage of adenomas greater than 4 cm in size, this association should be kept in mind by both the gastroenterologist and pathologist so that any focus of malignancy if present, is not advertently missed.