bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arşiv Belgelerine Göre İslam Hukuku’nun Geçerli Olduğu II. Meşrutiyet Döneminde Tatiller, İzinler ve Çalışma Süreleri
Authors: Doğan Hasan
Published: April 2021

Osmanlı Devleti'nde tatil ve izinler ile çalışma süreleri konusunda temelde İslam hukuku esas alınmakla birlikte değişen şartlara göre uygulamada bazı değişiklikler yaşanmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti'nin başlangıcından 19. Yüzyıla kadar resmî daire ve eğitim kurumlarında farklı gün ve sürelerde tatil yapılagelmiştir. Devlet meselelerinin yoğunluk kazandığı veya savaşların, ekonomik buhranların yaşandığı zamanlarda, bunun yanı sıra yaz ve kış mevsimlerinde mesai uygulamalarının farklılaştığı ve hatta memur izinlerinin iptal edildiği görülmektedir. Hafta tatili, izin ve mesai konularında standart oluşturma gayretlerinin, bürokrasinin yaygınlaştığı 19. Yüzyılın ortalarına doğru, özellikle Tanzimat'la birlikte arttığı bir vakıadır. Bununla birlikte 20. Yüzyıl başlarına gelindiğinde dahi hala bu alanlarda birliktelik ve süreklilik oluşturma süreci devam etmiştir. Memurların tatil, izin ve mesai kavramlarının oluştuğu II. Meşrutiyet yılları mevzuatı, Cumhuriyet Türkiye'sinin de ana hatlarını teşkil etmiştir. Bu çalışmada bürokrasi hayatının hız kazandığı II. Meşrutiyet'ten Cumhuriyet'in ilanına kadar geçen süre içerisinde tatil günleri, izinler, çalışma süreleri ve bu konudaki uygulamalar ile karşılaşılan problemler, başta Meclis-i Vükelâ kararları ile hükümet uygulamalarını içeren Osmanlı Arşivi belgeleri ve Cumhuriyet Arşivi belgeleri ışığında ele alınmıştır.
EVREN KÜÇÜK, Türkiye-İsveç İlişkileri (1914-1938) / Turkey-Sweden Relations (1914- 1938), Publications of Turkish Historical Society, Ankara 2017. [Book Review]
Authors: Bedi̇r Ayşe
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this book review is to fulfi ll the absence of comprehensive study on the Turkey-Sweden relations both Sweden and Turkey yet. Turkey-Sweden Relations (1914- 1938) is an original work, which is suitable for scientifi c criteria and prepared as a doctoral thesis, receives the details of the relations of both countries for the fi rst time in detail, and sheds light on the last years of the Ottoman Empire and the early Republican period of Turkey. Very rich sources are used in this work with a simple language and style. As it is seen that in preparation of the book the sources of the foreign archives and local archives such as Sveria Riksarkivet (Sweden State Archives), Sveria Krigsarkivet (Sweden Military Archives), Kungliga Bibliotek (Sweden Royal Library), Uppsala University, Carolina Rediviva Library, The National Archives (London), League of Nations Photo Archive, Prime Ministry Republican Archives, Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives, Red Crescent Archives, Presidency Archive, Foreign Ministry Archives, Istanbul Sea Museum Archive, Turkish Revolution History Institute Archives have been used. Additionally, the book uses domestic and foreign literature, newspapers and magazines.
Memlûk - İlhanlı Diplomatik İlişkileri
Authors: Sağlam Ahmet
Published: April 2021

Tarih boyunca devletlerarası ilişkilerde diplomasi daima belirleyici bir unsur olmuştur. Savaşlar ve barışlar da diplomatik gelişmelerin seyrine göre neticelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda tarihte devletlerin varlık mücadelesi ve amaçları gibi hususları takip ve tespit etmenin en önemli aracı diplomatik vesikalardır. Günümüzde Ortadoğu olarak isimlendirilen bölgede hâkimiyet mücadelesi vermiş İlhanlılar ve Memlûkler Hazar'dan Nil'e Karadeniz'den Yemen'e geniş bir bölgenin kaderini bir dönem belirlemiş iki devlettir. İslâm dünyası Haçlı işgalleri ve Moğol istilâlarıyla sarsılırken gelişmeler Mısır ve Suriye'de hanedanın yönetmediği kuvvet ve kudret sahibi güçlü ve nüfuzlu emirlerin sultan olabildiği siyasi bir yapının ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Bir tarafta İlhanlılar Cengiz Han'ın varisi sıfatıyla tehdit ve korkutmaya dayalı geleneksel Moğol diplomasisini sürdürürken diğer tarafta Memlûkler Müslümanları himaye politikası temelinde hilafet kurumunu yeniden tesis ederek politika geliştirmişlerdir. Memlûkler orijinal siyasi yapılarıyla İlhanlılar karşısında başarılı savunma savaşları vererek diplomatik ilişkilerin seyri zamanla değişmiş ve düşmanca ilişkiler eşitlik esasına dayalı politik münâsebetleri doğurmuştur. Sonunda barış tesis edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda Memlûk-İlhanlı diplomatik ilişkilerinin değişen seyrini karşılıklı elçilik teatileri ve mektuplaşmalar temelinde ele alıp her iki devletin karşılıklı dış politikasını ortaya koymaya çalışacağız.
İngiliz-Yunan İlişkileri Bağlamında 19. Yüzyılda Gunboat Diplomasi -Don Pacifico Örneğinde-
Authors: Çolak Songül , Aydar Metin
Published: April 2021

Diplomasi, tarih boyunca, toplumlar arası ilişkilerin meydana gelmesinde ve uygulanmasında daima önemli bir araç olmuştur. Bu bakımdan diplomasi, milli menfaatlerin sağlanması ve sürdürülmesinde ehemmiyetini korumaktadır. Uluslararası düzendeki gelişmelerle birlikte ortaya çıkan sorunların çözümünde yaşanan güçlüklere ek olarak ekonomik, teknolojik ve bilimsel gelişmeler göz önüne alındığında, sabit ve tutarlı bir dış siyasetin takip edilmesi ve uygulanması olanağının zor olduğu görülmektedir. Bu sebeple, her alanda olduğu gibi, diplomasi de çeşitli dönüşümlere uğramış ve değişik zamanlarda farklı uygulamalar ile yürütülmeye devam etmiştir. Öte yandan uygulanışı bakımından geçmişi çok eski tarihlere dayalı olan diplomasinin hangi yöntemlerle gerçekleştirildiği de ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Bu açıdan bir devletin ulusal gücü dikkate alındığında, güvenliğin esas dayanağı durumunda olan askeri kuvvetler kadar donanma gücü de ayrı bir önem teşkil etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, özellikle 19. yüzyılda, donanma gücüne dayalı bir biçimde ortaya çıkan, gunboat diplomasi başvurulan diplomatik yöntemler arasında yer almıştır. Bu çalışmada gunboat diplomasi yöntemine iyi bir örnek teşkil eden ve İngiltere-Yunanistan arasında bir krize neden olan Don Pacifico sorunu bağlamında bu diplomatik yöntemin uygulanışı, mahiyeti ve özellikleri ele alınmıştır. Bu çerçevede gunboat diplomasinin siyasi bir meselenin halledilmesinde oynadığı rol ve etkileri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Improving physician diversity and inclusion benefits physicians and patients
Authors: Hillier Elizabeth , Keglowitsch Kiera , Panas Marni , Anderson Blaire , Widder Sandy , Wirtzfeld Debrah
Published: April 2021

A diverse physician workforce in the Canadian health care system would result in more cultural competence, greater patient satisfaction, and improved population health. However, increasing representation and diversity does not automatically resolve issues of inequity, inequality, and discrimination. In this article, we discuss three broad areas of health care — the clinical environment, academic advancement, and leadership — that require intentional, systemic change if we are to make a lasting impact in terms of increasing the diversity and inclusion of underrepresented groups in medicine, and consequently, improve health outcomes. Inclusive and equitable practices to target pay inequity, unconscious bias, opposition to career advancement, and sexual harassment are integral to diverse physician recruitment and retention. Equity strategies and checks to remediate systemic biases in academic advancement through grant funding, academic criteria of merit for promotion, and the acknowledgment of differences of experience can be employed to improve equity in academic medicine. The long-standing culture, policies, and traditions of institutions within the medical establishment must be combated with a collaborative effort to foster equity through the engagement of academics and physicians from underrepresented minority groups, and the implementation of implicit bias training and meaningful accountability for creating a safe, equitable work environment for diverse physicians. Any proposed solution to improve equity and diversity should not be taken as a fixed principle to follow uncritically, but rather as a starting point for understanding and implementing the unique changes required in various local contexts.
Causes of Academic Failure among Nursing Students
Authors: Wahid Sania , Hussain Muhammad , Afzal Muhammad , Gillani Syed Amir
Published: April 2021

Background: Education is the most hopeful discipline which provide pathway for a purposeful and productive life. The progress in any filed is achieved through education. Education is a complex process. Academic failure is the one of the main challenges which students face during academic years. Current study was conducted to identify the causes of academic failure among the nursing students and determine the correlation between these causes.
Materials and Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design used to explore the causes of academic failure among the nursing students and correlation between these variables. A convenient sampling technique use to collect the data. Questionnaire distributed in 134 participants. SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis.
Results: The mean score of question related to teacher behavior was 2.62 and the overall mean score was 2.62 ± 0.20. Lack of commitment to study was 2.23 and the overall mean score was 2.23 ± 0.22. Problem with learning environment mean 2.61 and the overall mean score 2.61 ± 0.26. The mean score of courses content and examination problem 2.52 and the overall mean score was 2.52 ± 0.32. The unsatisfying relation with family mean score 3.27 and the overall mean score was 3.27 ± 0.30. The future concerns related chosen field mean score was 2.64 and the overall mean score was 2.64 ± 0.20.
Conclusion: Causes of student’s failure are the unsatisfied relation with the family and psychological problems of the students. There was positive correlation between all variables except the unsatisfied relation with family and future related concern to the chosen field of study.
Поговорим об экологии
Authors: Rubakova I. I. , Mikova S. S.
Published: April 2021

Учебное пособие подготовлено на кафедре русского языка и методики его преподавания филологического факультета Российского университета дружбы народов. Оно направлено на формирование и развитие навыков и умений устной и письменной речи у иностранных студентов филологических специальностей с базовым уровнем владения русским языком.
The Impact of Stellar Clustering on the Observed Multiplicity and Orbital Periods of Planetary Systems
Authors: Longmore Steven N. , Chevance Mélanie , Diederik Kruijssen J. M.
Published: April 2021

It has recently been shown that stellar clustering plays an important role in shaping the properties of planetary systems. We investigate how the multiplicity distributions and orbital periods of planetary systems depend on the 6D phase space density of stars surrounding planet host systems. We find that stars in high stellar phase space density environments (overdensities) have a factor of 1.6–2.0 excess in the number of single-planet systems compared to stars in low stellar phase space density environments (the field). The multiplicity distribution of planets around field stars is much flatter (i.e., there is a greater fraction of multiplanet systems) than in overdensities. This result is primarily driven by the combined facts that (i) “hot Jupiters” (HJs) are almost exclusively found in overdensities and (ii) HJs are predominantly observed to be single-planet systems. Nevertheless, we find that the difference in multiplicity is even more pronounced when only considering planets in the Kepler sample, which contains few HJs. This suggests that the Kepler dichotomy—an apparent excess of systems with a single transiting planet—plausibly arises from environmental perturbations. In overdensities, the orbital periods of single-planet systems are smaller than orbital periods of multiple-planet systems. As this difference is more pronounced in overdensities, the mechanism responsible for this effect may be enhanced by stellar clustering. Taken together, the pronounced dependence of planetary multiplicity and orbital period distributions on stellar clustering provides a potentially powerful tool to diagnose the impact of environment on the formation and evolution of planetary systems.
Post-merger Jets from Supermassive Black Hole Coalescences as Electromagnetic Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Emission
Authors: Yuan Chengchao , Murase Kohta , Zhang B. Theodore , Kimura Shigeo S. , Mészáros Péter
Published: April 2021

As a powerful source of gravitational waves (GW), a supermassive black hole (SMBH) merger may be accompanied by a relativistic jet that leads to detectable electromagnetic (EM) emission. We model the propagation of post-merger jets inside a pre-merger wind bubble formed by disk winds, and calculate multiwavelength EM spectra from the forward shock region. We show that the nonthermal EM signals from SMBH mergers are detectable up to the detection horizon of future GW facilities such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Calculations based on our model predict slowly fading transients with time delays from days to months after the coalescence, leading to implications for EM follow-up observations after the GW detection.
First record of stygobiotic gastropod genus Travunijana Grego & Glöer, 2019 (Mollusca, Hydrobiidae) from Montenegro
Authors: Grego Jozef , Pešić Vladimir
Published: April 2021

The stygobiotic genus Travunijana Grego & Glöer, 2019 is one of the typical elements of the subterranean freshwater fauna of the Trebišnjica River Basin in Bosnia and Hercegovina. The previous records of the genus suggested that its distribution was limited to the basin of the Trebišnjica River and adjacent parts of the southwestern Neretva Basin. In this paper we describe a new species, Travunijana djokovicisp. nov. from “Vriješko Vrelo” spring in Montenegro. The recent finding of a new species in the Skadar Lake basin (The Drin River system) suggests the possibility of a subterranean route between the Trebišnjica and the Drin drainages, indicating that likely the endemic subterranean fauna in both basins has a lower level of historical isolation than has been considered so far.
Les avatars de l’autorité sur Twitter : l’exemple des usagers face à l’Allocution de Nouvel An du Président Macron
Authors: Sadoun-Kerber Keren
Published: April 2021

Cet article propose une étude de la réception de l’autorité d’un dirigeant politique sur Twitter. Le cas de figure analysé est celui des réactions à l’allocution de Nouvel An d’Emmanuel Macron en 2018. L’analyse discursive et argumentative des commentaires d’internautes a pour objectif d’explorer un phénomène contemporain : la mise en question de l’autorité du politique sur les réseaux sociaux, et plus particulièrement sur Twitter.
A Comparative Study on Constant Current GTAW and Constant Current GTAW with Superimposed HF Current of SDSS Grade SAF2507
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Chattopadhyaya Somnath , Kumar Sanjeev , Agrawal B.P.
Published: April 2021

This present investigation explore the microstructural properties of SDSS grade SAF2507 weldments produced by constant current GTAW and constant current GTAW with superimposed high frequency (HF) current. The macro, microstructural examination and mechanical characterization were performed. From the results, it was found that, the superimposition of high-frequency current on the welding current results in constriction of the arc during constant current GTAW with superimposed HF current. The superimposed HF current restricts the arc with for all intents and purposes a similar root and extended diameter. The weldment region unit considered the standard for mechanical and microstructural properties. The dominance of properties because of the association of inter pulse or HF current is described along with its related science concerned.
Analysis of Tungsten-Alumina Nanocomposite Thin Films on SS304 Substrate
Authors: Mohan Kumar T.R. , Srihari P.V. , Sahas  , Krupashankara M.S.
Published: April 2021

Higher solar absorptance and lower thermal emittance are the key factors for solar collectors. The use of thin films that are having mechanically resistant coatings are common practice in industries. The primary motivation of carrying this research work is to lower thermal emittance and maximize solar absorptance on SS304 substrate material. W-Al2O3 composite coatings are developed using magnetron sputtering process by considering the process parameters. The experimental plan is achieved based on Taguchi L9 orthogonal under various levels for deposition parameters. The tungsten and alumina thin films deposited using a co-sputtering were characterized using 410 - solar instrument for measuring solar absorptance and ET 100 Emissometer for measuring thermal emittance. The optimization for process parameters on thermal emittance and absorptance were carried out. It was found that for deposition parameters of DC power 750W, RF power 1050W and Argon gas flow rate of 250 sccm, absorptance of 0.758 with thermal emittance of 0.061 is observed with deposition was carried out on SS304 substrates.
Exploration of Properties of Al 6060/CNT Metal Matrix Nanocomposites
Authors: Madhusudhana Reddy B. , Akbar Hussain S.P. , Raja Sekhar K. , Anand P.
Published: April 2021

Nowadays the use of composites in all most all manufacturing sectors is developing rapidly and is likely to increase more rapidly shortly. Aluminum alloy is playing a greater role in all engineering fields. Modern mechanical parts require superior properties, the material available in pure form do not have the required mechanical properties such as strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, etc. A Composite is formed by two or more physically and chemically distinct substances and which is fabricated to enhance the distinctiveness of base metal. The Present work has focused on properties of Carbon nanoTubes (CNTs) reinforced aluminum metal matrix Al 6060; Nanocomposites. These Nanocomposites are fabricated by using the stir casting method by varying the CNT reinforcement with a multi-walled size 10 to 15 nm weight percentage (0.3%, 0.7%, and 1%) of the Al 6060 matrix. To study its properties, the fabricated specimens are tested for mechanical properties. The properties of the Nanocomposites are found to be greatly influenced by the increase in weight percentage of reinforcement. With the mixing of different weight proportion reinforced particles by stir casting process properties of Tensile, Flexural, Impact, and hardness strength of composites are increased. The experimental values obtained from tests more useful in the development of Nanocomposites for different applications.
Review on Weldability Prospects of Super Austenitic Stainless Steels
Authors: Arunkumar Srirangan , Seshadri Sridharan
Published: April 2021

Super Austenitic Stainless Steels (SASS) belongs to the category of austenitic stainless steels which were known for their excellent corrosion resistance when used in structural applications like desalination plants, oil piping systems, heat exchanger equipments which demands high temperature service and harsh environments. Several works on SASS dealt about the corrosion resistance of the material in its normal base metal form. But structural uses needs SASS to be welded with similar or dissimilar materials to fit into the applications. This study aims to present a detailed view on issues related to the weldability of super austenitic stainless steels and the future scope of welding on SASS.
Failure Analysis of Engine Valves and its Performance Evaluation under Various Titanium Based Composite Coatings Using FE Analysis
Authors: Sundara Rao R. , Reddy K. Hemachandra , Vikram Kumar Ch.R.
Published: April 2021

In an internal combustion engine poppet valve is the crucial component which often opens and closes, thereby regulating gas flow in an engine cylinder. During engine operation, the valve is exposed to high temperature gases (thermal load) along with spring and cam loads (mechanical load). Due to high temperatures and fatigue loads, the valves are subjected to metallurgical changes and leads to failure. In order to resist these extreme conditions of high temperature and mechanical loads, the engine valve should possess special properties such as high surface hardness, a good amount of thermal conductivity, and fatigue strength. In this work, the reasons for the failure of two wheeler engine valve were evaluated and found that failure takes place due to change in the chemical composition mainly due to thermal diffusion at the interfaces. Thermal barrier coatings on the valve surface arrest the temperature load and increase its life. In this work, the performance of various titanium based composite coatings, i.e., TiN, TiC, TiC-Al2O3, TiCN, TiAlN, TiN- Al2O3, DLC, and uncoated valves of two wheeler engine was simulated using Finite Element Analysis. The simulation results indicated that coated valves have less thermal and fatigue loading and have more life than the uncoated valve. The Finite element simulation results of both coated and uncoated valves are presented and analyzed in this paper.
Proprotein Convertase Is the Highest-Level Activator of the Alternative Complement Pathway in the Blood
Authors: Oroszlán Gábor , Dani Ráhel , Végh Barbara M. , Varga Dóra , Ács Andrea V. , Pál Gábor , Závodszky Péter , Farkas Henriette , Gál Péter , Dobó József
Published: April 2021

Factor D (FD) is an essential element of the alternative pathway of the complement system, and it circulates predominantly in cleaved, activated form in the blood. In resting blood, mannose-binding lectin–associated serine protease 3 (MASP-3) is the exclusive activator of pro-FD. Similarly to FD, MASP-3 also circulates mainly in the active form. It was not clear, however, how zymogen MASP-3 is activated. To decipher its activation mechanism, we followed the cleavage of MASP-3 in human hirudin plasma. Our data suggest that neither lectin pathway proteases nor any protease controlled by C1-inhibitor are required for MASP-3 activation. However, EDTA and the general proprotein convertase inhibitor decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethylketone completely prevented activation of exogenous MASP-3 added to blood samples. In this study, we show that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin (PCSK) 5 and PCSK6 are able to activate MASP-3 in vitro. Unlike PCSK5, PCSK6 was detected in human serum and plasma, and previously PCSK6 had also been shown to activate corin in the circulation. In all, PCSK6 emerges as the MASP-3 activator in human blood. These findings clarify the very first step of the activation of the alternative pathway and also connect the complement and the proprotein convertase systems in the blood.
Novel Mouse Model Reveals That Serine Phosphorylation of L-Plastin Is Essential for Effective Splenic Clearance of Pneumococcus
Authors: Anaya Edgar P. , Lin Xue , Todd Elizabeth M. , Szasz Taylor P. , Morley S. Celeste
Published: April 2021

Asplenia imparts susceptibility to life-threatening sepsis with encapsulated bacteria, such as the pneumococcus. However, the cellular components within the splenic environment that guard against pneumococcal bacteremia have not been defined. The actin-bundling protein L-plastin (LPL) is essential for the generation of marginal zone B cells and for anti-pneumococcal host defense, as revealed by a mouse model of genetic LPL deficiency. In independent studies, serine phosphorylation of LPL at residue 5 (S5) has been described as a key “switch” in regulating LPL actin binding and subsequent cell motility, although much of the data are correlative. To test the importance of S5 phosphorylation in LPL function, and to specifically assess the requirement of LPL S5 phosphorylation in anti-pneumococcal host defense, we generated the “S5A” mouse, expressing endogenous LPL bearing a serine-to-alanine mutation at this position. S5A mice were bred to homozygosity, and LPL was expressed at levels equivalent to wild-type, but S5 phosphorylation was absent. S5A mice exhibited specific impairment in clearance of pneumococci following i.v. challenge, with 10-fold-higher bacterial bloodstream burden 24 h after challenge compared with wild-type or fully LPL-deficient animals. Defective bloodstream clearance correlated with diminished population of marginal zone macrophages and with reduced phagocytic capacity of multiple innate immune cells. Development and function of other tested leukocyte lineages, such as T and B cell motility and activation, were normal in S5A mice. The S5A mouse thus provides a novel system in which to elucidate the precise molecular control of critical immune cell functions in specific host–pathogen defense interactions.
New Insights into IgZ as a Maternal Transfer Ig Contributing to the Early Defense of Fish against Pathogen Infection
Authors: Ji Jian-fei , Hu Chong-bin , Zhang Nan , Huang Xiao , Shao Tong , Fan Dong-dong , Lin Ai-fu , Xiang Li-xin , Shao Jian-zhong
Published: April 2021

IgZ or its equivalent IgT is a newly discovered teleost specific Ig class that is highly specialized in mucosal immunity. However, whether this IgZ/IgT class participates in other biological processes remains unclear. In this study, we unexpectedly discovered that IgZ is highly expressed in zebrafish ovary, accumulates in unfertilized eggs, and is transmitted to offspring from eggs to zygotes. Maternally transferred IgZ in zygotes is found at the outer and inner layers of chorion, perivitelline space, periphery of embryo body, and yolk, providing different lines of defense against pathogen infection. A considerable number of IgZ+ B cells are found in ovarian connective tissues distributed between eggs. Moreover, pIgR, the transporter of IgZ, is also expressed in the ovary and colocalizes with IgZ in the zona radiata of eggs. Thus, IgZ is possibly secreted by ovarian IgZ+ B cells and transported to eggs through association with pIgR in a paracrine manner. Maternal IgZ in zygotes showed a broad bacteriostatic activity to different microbes examined, and this reactivity can be manipulated by orchestrating desired bacteria in water where parent fish live or immunizing the parent fish through vaccination. These observations suggest that maternal IgZ may represent a group of polyclonal Abs, providing protection against various environmental microbes encountered by a parent fish that were potentially high risk to offspring. To our knowledge, our findings provide novel insights into a previously unrecognized functional role of IgZ/IgT Ig in the maternal transfer of immunity in fish, greatly enriching current knowledge about this ancient Ig class.
Developing the Hypoglycemia-Nursing Early Warning Score System (Hy-Newss): A Pilot Study
Authors: Wibisono Ahmad Hasyim , Kurniasih Dennti , Sumartiyah Eti , Putri Rima Novia , Kurnia Dikha Ayu , Gultom Yunisar , Dahlia Debie
Published: April 2021

Background

Severe hypoglycemia occurs in 6% of type 2 DM patients with a 6 to 7% mortality rate. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a higher rate of fatality among diabetes patients, at least 22% of COVID-19 deaths in Wuhan, China. Furthermore, the condition impairs physiological defense against recurrent hypoglycemia in the future. Accordingly, the innovation in this study aims to prevent severe hypoglycemia among type 2 patients through early risk screening, the use of preventative protocols, and patient and family empowerment. This intervention bundle is called Hypoglycemia-Nursing Early Warning Score System (Hy-NEWSS).

Design and methods

The innovation was implemented in inpatient and outpatient settings, within two weeks with the following sequence: i) internal training, ii) Hy-NEWSS implementation, iii) outcomes evaluation.

Results

Of the twenty-eight patients involved in the study, 3 patients (19%) had a high risk of hypoglycemia, while the remaining had a low risk for the condition. However, at the end of the study there was no event of severe hypoglycemia (0%), and only 1 event (6.33%) of mild hypoglycemia. The results also showed that the accuracy of nurses in implementing the protocols was 93% and that during the evaluation, 95.62% of the responses of the nurses from the inpatient and outpatient settings were positive. Finally, the scores of the sensitivity and specificity evaluation were 99% and 88%, respectively.

Conclusion

It may be concluded from this initial study that Hy-NEWSS is effective in preventing severe hypoglycemia, accurate in identifying patient risk level for the condition, and has high applicability to be implemented in hospital settings.
The Effect of Medical History and Compressor on Barotrauma
Authors: Astari Asti Melani , Fatimah  , Andarini Sri
Published: April 2021

Background

Barotrauma causes damage to an enclosed cavity within the human body due to pressure changes inside and outside the body. This research aims to identify the effect of medical history and compressor on barotrauma.

Design and method

The case-control design and total sampling methods were used to obtained data from 174 respondents.

Results

The bivariate result showed that the value of medical history was at p=0.006, OR=2.47, with a compressor value of p=0.000, OR=16.29. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis indicated that the compressor has a dominant factor at OR=17.175. Conclusions:: Both medical history and compressor affected barotrauma incidence, with compressor as the most dominant factor.
Quality of Life and Subjective Well-Being Modeling of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Rachmawati Dhian Satya , Nursalam Nursalam , Hargono Rachmat , Widjanarko Otok Bambang
Published: April 2021

Background

Patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis and their family are often faced with psychosocial problems that cause stress, such as loss of hope, sleep disorders and interruption in period of rest. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the Quality of Life (QoL) and Subjective Well Being (SWB) of pulmonary TB patients and the affecting factors.

Design and methods

An analytical observational design with a cross sectional approach was used and a total of 73 respondents were randomly selected from 89 patients with pulmonary TB. Furthermore, a questionnaire was used as study instrument and data analysis was carried out using Partial Least Square.

Results

The results showed that with the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach, the SWB and QoL models are fit models based on R2, Q2 values. Furthermore, patient characteristics, patient factors and family factors influence subjective well-being (SWB) and quality of life (QoL). Meanwhile, the dominant influence on SWB was the patient factor, while on QoL it was the family factor.

Conclusion

This model will be the basis for further studies on how to care for pulmonary tuberculosis patients and their families in order to improve the quality of life and patient acceptance of their sick conditions.
Effect of Moringa Oleifera Supplementation during Pregnancy on the Prevention of Stunted Growth in Children between the Ages of 36 to 42 Months
Authors: Basri Hasan , Hadju Veni , Zulkifli Andi , Syam Aminuddin , Indriasari Rahayu
Published: April 2021

Background

The government has made provisions to improve the nutrition of stunted children under the age of five nationally by providing iron folic acid (IFA) tablet since conception. However, these drugs were not able to reduce the incidence of stunted growth. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of moringa intervention during pregnancy on the incidence of stunted growth in children between the ages of 36 to 42 months.

Design and methods

This study is a follow-up to an experimental RCT-DB study during pregnancy. The interventions given were PG (Moringa Flour), EG (Moringa Extract) and IG (IFA) which was used as control.

Results

The highest number of children that had stunted growth after taking the PG by IG and EG extracts were 66 (41.5%), 53 (33.3%) and 40 (25.2%), respectively. The stunted risk factor analysis did not show a significant relationship to the stunted incidence. Furthermore, the consumption and dietary patterns of children were based on only fat consumption which was associated with stunted incidence (p<0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that the EG extract was effective in reducing the incidence of stunted growth (p<0.005) and as a protective factor of 0.431 times the incidence of stunted growth (LLUL= 0.246-0.754).

Conclusions

The administration of Moringa oleifera extract during pregnancy prevents the incidence of stunted growth in children.
Differences in the Quality of Life of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Rini Ika Setyo , Rahmayani Titik , Sari Efris Kartika , Lestari Retno
Published: April 2021

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as a progressive disease that causes renal failure and requires extended and long-term therapies. CKD patients need to choose one of these therapies to improve their quality of life. This study aims to investigate differences in the quality of life of chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).

Design and methods

The study design used is similar to the cross-sectional design. Therefore, in this study observations were carried out, an EQ_5D life quality questionnaire sheet was administered to respondents, and a purposive sampling method was used. The total number of respondents was 250 and consisted of 125 hemodialysis and CAPD patients each.

Results

The results obtained using the Mann Whitney method was a p-value (0.515)>α (0.05). These results also included five components, namely the ability to move/walk to an acceptable degree, adequate self-care, performance of usual activities, minimal amount of pain/discomfort during hemodialysis and CAPD, and acceptable levels of anxiety/sadness.

Conclusions

This research concludes that there is no difference in the quality of life between CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis and CAPD.
Mental Health Policy: Protecting Community Mental Health during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lestari Retno , Setyawan Febri Endra Budi
Published: April 2021

Despite the growing interest in the treatment and management of COVID-19, communities still end up experiencing multiple stresses with mental health crisis, due to the pandemic. When this is not addressed, it causes stress in the long run, with further mental health damage in individuals and the communities. Furthermore, relevant policy related to the community mental health was identified as awareness in promoting mental issues, yet there are still failures recorded in the aspect of adequately addressing the well-being concerns. This study aims to support community mental health during the crisis, through useful information from relevant articles. It also explains some perspectives from literature reviews, case reports, with society responses from Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Proquest databases concerning recent community mental health issues, and government policy on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The inclusion criteria required articles that were peer-reviewed, by using i) English language March-September 2020; ii) Presented empirical studies related to COVID-19 (quantitative and qualitative); iii) Searched terms related to the general and community mental health, their policy, and COVID-19 pandemic. This study showed 19 articles related to community mental health issues or psychological wellbeing topics. The interventions provided to strengthen community mental health during the pandemic included emergency psychological crisis treatment, hotline assistance, online counseling service with mental care course, and outpatient consultation. Therefore, community mental health issues should be addressed with physical wellness. In addition, the community plays a key role in influencing stakeholders and governments, to increase the priority in supporting mental health.
Family Social Support and the Self-Esteem of Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Aprilianto Erik , Lumadi Sih Ageng , Handian Feriana Ira
Published: April 2021

Background

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the first step in breast cancer treatment. However, the medical procedure causes stressors on the self-concept of patients, especially low selfesteem, due to the decrease in the function of their limbs. This research aims to investigate the correlation between family social support and the self-esteem of breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. It was conducted using a cross-sectional approach.

Design and methods

A sample of 56 people was selected by a simple random sampling technique, using a family social support questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale.

Results

Based on the Spearman Rho statistical test, it was found that the p-value was 0.000 with a correlation coefficient value of 0.762. This indicated that there was a strong positive correlation between family social support and patient self-esteem.

Conclusions

Families are the closest systems to patients that play an important role as a coping strategy and in disease management. Therefore, it is suggested that family community groups should be developed among families that have breast cancer patients through social networking.
Athletic Administrators' Reporting of Emergency Preparedness Regarding Policies and Procedures in Iowa Secondary Schools
Authors: Williams Richelle M. , Root Hayley J. , Valovich McLeod Tamara C.
Published: April 2021

Context

Secondary schools that offer school-sponsored athletic events should follow best-practice guidelines to provide policies that promote student health and safety.

Objective

To assess emergency preparedness from the perspective of athletic administrators (AAs) in Iowa secondary schools.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Online survey.

Patients or Other Participants

Ninety-eight AAs from Iowa completed the survey (age = 45.33 ± 10.22 years, years as an AA = 9.37 ± 8.14, years in current role = 7.72 ± 7.09).

Main Outcome Measures(s)

The 6-section survey contained with questions about access to athletic trainers (ATs), emergency action plans (EAPs), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), automated external defibrillators (AEDs), concussions, heat illness, and other general policies. Descriptive statistics (percentages and frequencies) were reported. Relative risk was calculated to compare schools with and those without access to ATs (P < .05).

Results

Most respondents (76.5%, n = 75/98) reported their school had access to a licensed AT. The majority had a written EAP (83.3%, n = 70/84), but fewer than half (39.2%, n = 31/79) reviewed it annually and fewer than 10% (n = 6/85) reported practicing it each year. All respondents (100%, N = 78/78) stated they had an AED on campus. All respondents (N = 77/77) indicated that they were familiar with the Iowa High School Athletic Association's (IHSAA's) concussion policy and had a concussion guideline in place. Many respondents (95.9%, n = 71/74) described being familiar with the IHSAA's heat illness policy, but more than half (62.1%, n = 41/66) noted they did not have a heat illness policy in place at their school.

Conclusions

Most respondents indicated their school had access to ATs, followed the state-mandated concussion guidelines, and had an AED. Although participants reported having written EAPs in place, levels of annual EAP review and practice were low. These results suggest that schools would benefit from educational opportunities to improve safety policies.
Bilateral Asymmetries of Humeral Retroversion in Junior and Collegiate Tennis Players
Authors: Hannah Daniel C. , Scibek Jason S. , Carcia Christopher R. , Phelps Amy L.
Published: April 2021

Context

Overhead-throwing athletes consistently display substantial bilateral differences in humeral retroversion (HRV). However, evidence is limited regarding HRV asymmetries in tennis players despite similarities between the overhead throw and tennis serve.

Objective

To determine whether (1) junior and collegiate tennis players demonstrated bilateral differences in HRV and (2) the magnitude of the HRV side-to-side difference (HRVΔ) was similar across age groups.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Field-based setting.

Patients or Other Participants

Thirty-nine healthy tennis players were stratified into 3 age groups: younger juniors (n = 11, age = 14.5 ± 0.5 years), older juniors (n = 12, age = 17.1 ± 0.9 years), and collegiate (n = 16, age = 19.6 ± 1.2 years).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Three-trial HRV means were calculated for the dominant and nondominant limbs, and HRVΔ was obtained by subtracting the mean of the nondominant side from that of the dominant side. A paired-samples t test was used to determine bilateral differences in HRV, and a 1-way analysis of variance was used to compare HRVΔ among groups.

Results

For all 3 groups, HRV angle was greater in the dominant versus nondominant upper limb (younger juniors = 62.9° ± 9.1° versus 56.3° ± 6.8°, P = .039; older juniors = 75.5° ± 11.2° versus 68.6° ± 14.2°, P = .043; collegiate = 71.7° ± 8.5° versus 61.2° ± 6.9°, P = .001). However, no differences were detected in HRVΔ across age groups (P = .511).

Conclusions

Consistent with the findings of previous studies of overhead-throwing athletes, we demonstrated greater measures of HRV in the dominant limb of tennis players. Furthermore, HRV asymmetries appeared to have developed before the teenage years, as no changes were observed in HRVΔ among age groups.
La independencia de los periodistas frente a los regalos e interferencias económicas; una perspectiva comparada entre periodistas y ciudadanía
Authors: Suárez Villegas Juan Carlos , Díaz del Campo Jesús , Rodríguez-Martínez Ruth
Published: April 2021

Dentro del proyecto de I+D+I,  “MediaACES. Accountability y Culturas Periodísticas en España. Impacto y propuesta de buenas prácticas en los medios de comunicación españoles”, financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España, se ha llevado a cabo un trabajo de campo entre periodistas y ciudadanos sobre las buenas prácticas periodísticas y los sistemas de rendición de cuenta. Entre las cuestiones formuladas se ha planteado de qué manera los periodistas podría ver comprometida su independencia informativa ante relaciones más o menos estrechas con poderes políticos y económicos, así como cuando puedan mediar regalos que puedan  ir desde un simple gesto de cortesía institucional a ciertas formas de compensación por un tratamiento informativo favorable. En esta comunicación se analiza la posición de los profesionales y de los ciudadanos.
Antimicrobial and wound healing properties of the methanol extract of Ficus platyphylla Del. (Moraceae) stem bark
Authors: Sheidu Azeez Raji , Zezi Abdulkadir Umar , Ahmed Abubakar , Chindo Ben Ahmed , Magaji Garba Mohammed
Published: April 2021

Ficus platyphylla (Fp) has been used in Nigerian traditional medicine for the management of pain, ulcer, wound, epilepsy and inflammation. The efficacy of its gum from the stem bark for the management of wound has been widely acclaimed among the Hausa communities of Northern Nigeria and therefore, this study was aimed at examining the antimicrobial and wound healing potential of methanol extract of F. platyphylla stem bark (MEFpSB) in order to provide scientific basis for its antimicrobial and wound healing properties. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done and antimicrobial activity using some pathogenic micro-organisms were evaluated following its wound healing effectiveness in Wistar rats using the model of superficial skin excision wound. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnet’s t-test. The results of preliminary phytochemical screeningrevealed the presence of carbohydrate, cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, triterpenes, tannins, alkaloids with anthraquinones absent. The extract showed antimicrobial activity on Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhi and significant (p< 0.05, p< 0.001) decrease in wound measurement for 11 days. This study demonstrated that MEFpSB possesses antimicrobial activity with wound healing properties that justifies the ethno-medicinal use of the plant in wound/ulcer healings.

Keywords: Wound healing; Antimicrobial; Ficus platyphylla; Formulation; Topical
Acceptability of Intermittent Screening and Treatment (IST) versus Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) for the control of malaria in pregnancy: perspective of the Nigerian pregnant woman
Authors: Dayom Danlami W. , Enato Ehijie F.O. , Ekpe Godwin P. , Kamal Ibrahim A.
Published: April 2021

This study qualitatively compared the acceptability of intermittent preventive therapy with an alternative intervention - intermittent screening and treatment for prevention of malaria in pregnancy (MiP) among postpartum women in Edo State, Nigeria. Four focused group discussions were held with postpartum women who participated in a multi-center clinical trial that compared intermittent preventive therapy and intermittent screening and treatment for malaria in pregnancy between 2014 and 2015. The focus group discussions were guided by semi-structured open ended questions covering topics related to their experiences and choice of either interventions. Discussions were analyzed inductively based on emerged themes. Intermittent screening and treatment was most preferred and acceptable by the study participants compared to the intermittent preventive treatment approached. The quest to know their health status through the investigations was a motivation for their choice of the intervention. The rejection of intermittent  preventive therapy was due to the general fear of medication use during pregnancy without apparent indication considering theside effects experienced with SP-based intermittent preventive therapy by women who considered themselves healthy. A properly designed and implemented intermittent screening and treatment programme could therefore be more effective in reducing the burden of malaria in pregnancy in the country.

Keywords: Acceptability; Focus group discussions; Malaria prevention; Pregnant women
Testicular function following oral exposure to Tramadol and Cannabis sativa ethanol extracts in male Wistar rats
Authors: Ige A.O. , Oluwole D.T. , Olaoye M.O. , Adewoye E.O.
Published: April 2021

Objective: Substance abuse is a global challenge. This study investigated the effects of two commonly abused substances, tramadol and/or  Cannabis sativa ethanol extracts (ECS), on testicular function in Wistar male rats.Methods: Twenty-animals were equally divided into 4groups that received 0.9%NaCl (0.2ml), tramadol (40mg/kg), ECS (2mg/kg) and tramadol + ECS for 30days, respectively (daily p.o). Following anesthesia, blood samples were obtained and serum testosterone was determined. Testes and  epididymis were harvested and weighed. Sperm motility, viability and counts were evaluated in the epididymis while superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and histology (Haematoxylin & Eosin) were evaluated in the testis.Results: Sperm motility, viability, counts, testosterone level and testicular CAT was reduced in all experimental groups compared to control. Relative epididymal weights increased in tramadol only and ECS only compared to control. Testicular SOD was decreased only in the tramadol only and co-treatment (tramadol + ECS), respectively. LDH was increased in the tramadol only treatment group. Testicular histology in tramadol and co-treatment groups showed structural aberrations that are consistent with impaired spermatogenesis, antioxidant depletion and oxidative stress.Conclusion: Abuse of tramadol and/or Cannabis sativa ethanol extracts may predispose to testicular dysfunction resulting from decline in testicular antioxidants, testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis.

Keywords: Tramadol, Cannabis sativa, spermatogenic function, oxidative stress, testicular architecture