bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abdominal MR Multitasking for radiotherapy treatment planning: A motion‐resolved and multicontrast 3D imaging approach
Authors: Chen Junzhou , Christodoulou Anthony G. , Han Pei , Xiao Jiayu , Han Fei , Hu Zhehao , Wang Nan , Han Hui , Ling Diane C. , Chang Eric L. , Feng Mary , Scholey Jessica E. , Cui Sophia , Li Debiao , Yang Wensha , Fan Zhaoyang
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Radiotherapy treatment planning (RTP) using MR has been used increasingly for the abdominal site. Multiple contrast weightings and motion‐resolved imaging are desired for accurate delineation of the target and various organs‐at‐risk and patient‐tailored planning. Current MR protocols achieve these through multiple scans with distinct contrast and variable respiratory motion management strategies and acquisition parameters, leading to a complex and inaccurate planning process. This study presents a standalone MR Multitasking (MT)–based technique to produce volumetric, motion‐resolved, multicontrast images for abdominal radiotherapy treatment planning.

Methods

The MT technique resolves motion and provides a wide range of contrast weightings by repeating a magnetization‐prepared (saturation recovery and T2 preparations) spoiled gradient‐echo readout series and adopting the MT image reconstruction framework. The performance of the technique was assessed through digital phantom simulations and in vivo studies of both healthy volunteers and patients with liver tumors.

Results

In the digital phantom study, the MT technique presented structural details and motion in excellent agreement with the digital ground truth. The in vivo studies showed that the motion range was highly correlated (R2 = 0.82) between MT and 2D cine imaging. MT allowed for a flexible contrast‐weighting selection for better visualization. Initial clinical testing with interobserver analysis demonstrated acceptable target delineation quality (Dice coefficient = 0.85 ± 0.05, Hausdorff distance = 3.3 ± 0.72 mm).

Conclusion

The developed MT‐based, abdomen‐dedicated technique is capable of providing motion‐resolved, multicontrast volumetric images in a single scan, which may facilitate abdominal radiotherapy treatment planning.
Amphiphilic pluronic F68 biomaterial augmented oral bioavailability and anticancer activity of genistein in lung cancer treatment
Authors: Narayan Harihar , Jangid Ashok Kumar , Sharma Jiten R. , Verma Rohit , Yadav Umesh C. S. , Kulhari Hitesh , Singh Prem Prakash
Published: August 2024

Many phyto‐based drugs available suffer from adverse effects due to their lack of water solubility and poor bioavailability after oral administration. Genistein (Gen) is a plant‐derived isoflavone that possesses potent bioactive activity, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, proapoptotic, and antiproliferative properties against cancer cells. However, due to its poor aqueous solubility and restricted bioavailability, its potential therapeutic utility is limited. Among various strategies, nanomicelles have played a significant role in enhancing solubility and bioavailability, as well as delivering drugs directly to the site of action. Therefore, our study aims to synthesize SA‐modified PF68 (PF68‐SA) polymer‐based nanomicelles and evaluate their effectiveness in cancer treatment. In brief, the Gen‐loaded PF68‐SA nanomicelles (GNM) were successfully fabricated and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. In vitro cytotoxicity assays performed on human lung A549 cancer cells showed that GNM exhibited higher anticancer effects compared with bolus Gen. Additionally, the observed maximum concentration (Cmax) for GEN suspension and GNM was 1.53 and 3.21 μg/mL, respectively, indicating that GNM was absorbed faster than the suspension formulation. GNM demonstrated enhanced area under the curve (AUC0−t) (16.5 vs. 6.38), half‐life (t1/2) (3.55 vs. 2.49), and mean residence time (5.52 vs. 4.34) compared with pure GEN suspension. Thus, the observed results clearly indicate an improvement in the anticancer activity and bioavailability of GEN after its administration as a nanomicelles formulation.
High‐throughput sequencing of archival cerebrospinal fluid specimens defines B‐lymphoblastic leukemia clonal composition
Authors: Foley Karl , Adlowitz Diana G. , Baker Cameron , Rock Philip J. , Burack Richard , Fries Carol
Published: August 2024

Detailed characterization of the B‐lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) cells which invade the central nervous system (CNS) has been limited by practical challenges. To test whether the clonal composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reflects the primary B‐ALL tissue, we applied immunoglobulin (Ig) high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) of archival CSF cytospin preparations from six patients with morphologically defined CNS involvement. We discovered that most CSF clones are detectable at some timepoint in the primary tissue, but that shifting clonal abundance is prevalent across tissue sites between diagnosis and relapse. Ig HTS of CSF cytospins may improve understanding of sanctuary site dissemination in B‐ALL.
Association mapping and candidate gene identification for yield traits in European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.)
Authors: Baytar Asena Akköse , Yanar Ertuğrul Gazi , Frary Anne , Doğanlar Sami
Published: August 2024

European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is an important nut crop due to its nutritional benefits, culinary uses, and economic value. Türkiye is the leading producer of hazelnut, followed by Italy and the United States. Quantitative trait locus studies offer promising opportunities for breeders and geneticists to identify genomic regions controlling desirable traits in hazelnut. A genome‐wide association analysis was conducted with 5,567 single nucleotide polymorphisms on a Turkish core set of 86 hazelnut accessions, revealing 189 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) associated with 22 of 31 traits (p < 2.9E−07). These QTNs were associated with plant and leaf, phenological, reproductive, nut, and kernel traits. Based on the close physical distance of QTNs associated with the same trait, we identified 23 quantitative trait loci. Furthermore, we identified 23 loci of multiple QTs comprising chromosome locations associated with more than one trait at the same position or in close proximity. A total of 159 candidate genes were identified for 189 QTNs, with 122 of them containing significant conserved protein domains. Some candidate matches to known proteins/domains were highly significant, suggesting that they have similar functions as their matches. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights for the development of breeding strategies and the improvement of hazelnut and enhances the understanding of the genetic architecture of complex traits by proposing candidate genes and potential functions.
The developmental party and the regulatory state in China's Internet governance
Authors: Ma Yi , Liu Chunrong
Published: August 2024

China's approach to Internet governance is increasingly perceived as a Party‐centric model, aligning the state under the Chinese Communist Party's (the Party) leadership. The division of labor between the Party and the state in the context of political centralization and Party centrality remains unclear. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by examining the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), a central player in Internet governance, which also functions as a Party organ under the name of the Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission (OCCAC). Utilizing a novel data set of policy documents, this study explores how CAC's dual Party‐state status plays out in China's Internet governance. The findings indicate that policies on Internet development are predominantly issued under the Party's name (OCCAC), while regulatory policies concerning the Internet industry are primarily issued under the state's name (CAC). Nevertheless, the Party's nameplate (OCCAC) is increasingly utilized for social regulations related to the Internet sector. These findings present nuanced insights into the practices of China's Internet governance, suggesting a conceptual need to differentiate the roles played by the Party and the state in shaping Internet governance under authoritarianism.
Development of isotactic polypropylene‐based 3D printing materials with good dimensional accuracy and excellent impact properties
Authors: Shen Weixin , Gao Xia , Luo Faliang
Published: August 2024

The main challenge of fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the limited variety of commercially available semicrystalline polymer materials. Isotactic polypropylene (iPP), with a fast crystallization rate and high crystallinity, tends to undergo extensive volumetric shrinkage during the FDM process, further inducing severe deformation and poor dimensional accuracy in 3D‐printed parts. This study aims to develop desirable iPP‐based materials for the FDM technique through physically blending iPP and thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE). TPEE retards the nonisothermal crystallization ability of iPP, as indicated by the significant decrease in crystallinity (Xc) from 47.7% for neat iPP to 28.5% for the iPP blend at a weight ratio of 30/70. The suppressed crystallization behavior accounts for a drastic decrease in the warpage degree of the 3D‐printed parts. The greater the content of TPEE is, the lower warpage the 3D‐printed parts have. Additionally, the presence of TPEE slightly influences the shear viscosity of iPP. As a result, iPP blends exhibit excellent extrudability during a typical FDM process. TPEE also enhances the impact strength of 3D‐printed parts by 168% compared to that of injection‐molded iPP. Taken together, the iPP blends developed in this work are promising FDM feedstock materials with good dimensional accuracy and excellent impact strength.
Literary evidence of the impact of nonbiological risk factors on CRMS/CFSPID: A scoping review
Authors: Rose Natalie R. , Dabbs S. Garrison , O'Hagan Emma C. , Guimbellot Jennifer S.
Published: August 2024

Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) occasionally results in an inconclusive diagnosis of this disease, and these individuals are designated as CFTR‐related metabolic syndrome (CRMS) in the United States, and CF Screen Positive Inconclusive Diagnosis (CFSPID) in other countries. Some of these asymptomatic individuals will progress to symptomatic disease, but risk factors associated with disease progression are not well understood. This scoping review was conducted to comprehensively map nonbiological risk factors in the CRMS/CFSPID literature and to identify understudied topics. Six electronic databases were systematically searched, resulting in 2951 studies. Forty nine eligible works were identified as including information on nonbiological risk factors related to CRMS/CFPSID. Eligible studies were published from 2002 to 2024, most prevalently in the United States (36.7%), and as quantitative data (81.6%). Of the 49 eligible works, 23 articles contributed only intellectual conjecture, while 26 articles contained original data, which underwent full‐text qualitative content analysis. Key themes identified in descending order of content coverage included Psychological Impact, Management Care, Newborn Screening and Diagnostics, Communicating Diagnosis, and Lifestyle and External Exposures. This scoping review identified that while nonbiological risk factors are being studied in the CRMS/CFSPID literature, there was nearly equal distribution of works gathering original data to those citing previously published information. These findings indicate a critical need for original data collection on these risk factors, particularly on understudied topics identified herein.
PM2.5 exposure and household income are associated with lung function abnormalities in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Kelchtermans Jelte , Allen Julian , Bhandari Anita
Published: August 2024

Rationale

Cardiopulmonary dysfunction is a major contributor to mortality among persons with sickle cell disease (pwSCD). Despite this, little is known regarding environmental drivers of lung function decline.

Objective

We hypothesized that environmental and socioeconomic variables have a significant effect on lung function in pwSCD that can be detected by spirometry.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed all spirometry results from pwSCD followed in the Pediatric Pulmonology clinic at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia since 1 January 2016.

Results

The study included 349 spirometry tests from 128 patients, primarily “Black or African American” (88%) and male (61%). More frequent exposure to PM2.5 above 25 μg/m3 was associated with higher odds of obstruction. Specifically, when compared to incidence of exposure to PM2.5 above 25 μg/m3 <25th percentile, both pwSCD exposed to 25th–75th percentile and pwSCD >75th percentile had higher odds of obstruction on spirometry (25th–75th: odds ratio [OR]: 9.6, p = .017; >75th: OR: 31.85, p = .002) despite correction for potential confounders. Similarly, median household income below the mean was associated with higher odds of restriction (OR: 4.37; p = .009).

Conclusions

We report higher odds of obstruction in pwSCD frequently exposed to PM2.5 concentrations above 25 μg/m3 and higher odds of restriction in pwSCD with lower household income. Our findings link spirometry patterns to modifiable risk factors indicating that there may opportunities for early intervention in pwSCD that have been referred to a pulmonology clinic. Further research is needed to assess if these findings can be generalized to the wider population of pwSCD.
Effect of aerobic and resistive exercise on lipid profile and quality of life in overweight breastfeeding women: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Anany Marwa G. , El‐Kosery Soheir M. , Ashmawy Hazem S. El , Osman Doaa A.
Published: August 2024

Background

Breastfeeding provides benefits for both mothers and babies. However, many women experience postpartum weight gain, unfavorable lipid profiles, and other postpartum problems that can adversely impact their overall quality of life (QoL).

Objective

To examine the effect of adding aerobic and resistive exercise to faradic stimulation and nutritional counseling on lipid profile and QoL in overweight breastfeeding women.

Subjects and Methods

Fifty‐four breastfeeding women were randomly allocated into two equally sized groups. Group A underwent abdominal faradic stimulation along with nutritional counseling for 12 weeks, whereas Group B received identical faradic stimulation and nutritional counseling and engaged in a combined aerobic and resistive exercise program for the same duration. Before and after treatment, the following anthropometric measurements were evaluated: body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐hip ratio (W/H); lipid profile analysis, such as high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG); and the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF‐36).

Results

All outcome measures demonstrated significant improvements within the two groups (p < 0.05). Group B showed more significant reductions in BMI, W/H ratio, and LDL, along with greater significant increases in the SF‐36 domain scores for physical functioning, physical health problems, bodily pain, general health, energy/fatigue, social activity, mental health, and the total SF‐36 score (p < 0.05) compared to group A post‐treatment. However, there were no significant differences in HDL, TG, and the score of the emotional wellbeing domain of the SF‐36 between the groups after treatment (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

12‐week aerobic and resistive exercise is effective in reducing the BMI, W/H ratio, and LDL levels and enhancing the QoL in overweight breastfeeding women.
Improved Prediction of Stabilizing Mutations in Proteins by Incorporation of Mutational Effects on Ligand Binding
Authors: Ganesan Srivarshini , Mittal Nidhi , Bhat Akash , Adiga Rachana S. , Ganesan Ananthakrishnan , Nagarajan Deepesh , Varadarajan Raghavan
Published: August 2024

While many computational methods accurately predict destabilizing mutations, identifying stabilizing mutations has remained a challenge, because of their relative rarity. We tested ΔΔG
0 predictions from computational predictors such as Rosetta, ThermoMPNN, RaSP, and DeepDDG, using 82 mutants of the bacterial toxin CcdB as a test case. On this dataset, the best computational predictor is ThermoMPNN, which identifies stabilizing mutations with a precision of 68%. However, the average increase in T
m for these predicted mutations was only 1°C for CcdB, and predictions were poorer for a more challenging target, influenza neuraminidase. Using data from multiple previously described yeast surface display libraries and in vitro thermal stability measurements, we trained logistic regression models to identify stabilizing mutations with a precision of 90% and an average increase in T
m of 3°C for CcdB. When such libraries contain a population of mutants with significantly enhanced binding relative to the corresponding wild type, there is no benefit in using computational predictors. It is then possible to predict stabilizing mutations without any training, simply by examining the distribution of mutational binding scores. This avoids laborious steps of in vitro expression, purification, and stability characterization. When this is not the case, combining data from computational predictors with high‐throughput experimental binding data enhances the prediction of stabilizing mutations. However, this requires training on stability data measured in vitro with known stabilized mutants. It is thus feasible to predict stabilizing mutations rapidly and accurately for any system of interest that can be subjected to a binding selection or screen.
The effect of curcumin‐piperine supplementation on lipid profile, glycemic index, inflammation, and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Hosseini Hanie , Bagherniya Mohammad , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Iraj Bijan , Majeed Muhammed , Askari Gholamreza
Published: August 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder associated with insulin resistance and ensuing dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. Owing to the putative metabolic benefits of curcumin–piperine combination, we explored the efficacy of this combination in improving cardiometabolic indices of patients with T2DM and hypertriglyceridemia. In this double‐blind clinical trial, 72 patients with T2DM and hypertriglyceridemia were randomized to receive either a tablet containing 500 mg of curcuminoids plus 5 mg of piperine, or a matched placebo for 12 weeks. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, glycemic indices, lipid profile, C‐reactive protein (CRP), quality of life, and mood were evaluated at baseline and end of the study. After 12 weeks of intervention, the levels of triglycerides (p‐value = 0.001) and fasting blood glucose (p‐value = 0.004) were significantly reduced in the curcumin‐piperine compared with the placebo group. CRP levels were marginally reduced in the curcumin–piperine compared with the placebo group (p‐value = 0.081). In addition, energy/fatigue significantly increased in the curcumin–piperine group compared to the control group (p‐value = 0.024). However, between‐group comparisons showed no significant change in other parameters, including anthropometric indices (waist circumference and body mass index (BMI)), biochemical parameters (low‐density lipoprotein (LDL‐c), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL‐c), and insulin), HOMA‐IR, blood pressure, quality of life, and DASS‐21 items between the studied groups (p‐value >0.05). The current study showed that curcumin–piperine supplementation can improve serum CRP, triglycerides, and glucose concentrations in patients with T2DM and hypertriglyceridemia.
An In‐Depth Review on Recent Progress in Synthetic Approaches and Biological Activities of Thiazol‐2(3H)‐Imine Derivatives
Authors: Saleem Arslan , Shabir Ghulam , Rafique Hummera , Saeed Aamer
Published: August 2024

This review presents the in‐dept analysis of the synthetic approaches towards thiazol‐2(3H)‐imine and embarks at its various biological properties published during 2000 to 2023. The most important method of synthesis involves the reaction of substituted thioureas and α‐halo carbonyl compounds, and condensation and nucleophilic addition of 2‐amino‐1,3‐thiazoline with aldehydes. Additionally, isothiocyanate‐based multicomponent synthesis, and α‐nitroepoxides have been proved as benign precursors for this motif. Several eco‐friendly and solvent‐free synthesis from diazonium salts, acetylenes, tertiary enaminones and thiosemicarbazides have also been reported. This epitome is a unique combination of synthetic methods as well as biological activities like anti‐inflammatory, anti‐bacterial, anti‐cancer, anti‐leishmanial, anti‐microbial, herbicidal, anti‐HIV, and may be a valuable tool for researchers to tailor the synthetic procedures according to specific target structures and applications. Moreover, this review enlightens the applications of thiazol‐2(3H)‐imine as platelet GPIIB/IIIA receptor antagonists, alkaline phosphatase inhibitors, neurodegenerative drug Pifithrin‐α analogues, and skin whitening agents.
Core‐shell structured P2‐type layered cathode materials for long‐life sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Wang Huili , Qi Jianing , Jiao Peixin , Wu Zhonghan , Zhang Ziheng , Jiang Na , Shi Dongjie , Li Geng , Yan Zhenhua , Zhang Kai , Chen Jun
Published: August 2024

P2‐type layered Ni–Mn‐based oxides are vital cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high discharge capacity and working voltage. However, they suffer from the detrimental P2 → O2 phase transition induced by the O2−−O2− electrostatic repulsion upon high‐voltage charge, which leads to rapid capacity fade. Herein, we construct a P2‐type Ni–Mn‐based layered oxide cathode with a core‐shell structure (labeled as NM–Mg–CS). The P2‐Na0.67[Ni0.25Mn0.75]O2 (NM) core is enclosed by the robust P2‐Na0.67[Ni0.21Mn0.71Mg0.08]O2 (NM–Mg) shell. The NM–Mg–CS exhibits the phase‐transition‐free character with mitigated volume change because the confinement effect of shell is conductive to inhibit the irreversible phase transition of the core material. As a result, it drives a high capacity retention of 81% after 1000 cycles at 5 C with an initial capacity of 78 mA h/g. And the full cell with the NM–Mg–CS cathode and hard carbon anode delivers stable capacities over 250 cycles. The successful construction of the core‐shell structure in P2‐type layered oxides sheds light on the development of high‐capacity and long‐life cathode materials for SIBs.
Advances in two‐dimensional molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2): A comprehensive review of properties, preparation methods, and applications
Authors: Shinde Pratik V. , Hussain Muzammil , Moretti Elisa , Vomiero Alberto
Published: August 2024

In the past decade, molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) has received significant attention from the scientific community due to its structural features and unique properties originate from them. In the current review, the properties, various preparation approaches, and versatile applications of MoTe2 are presented. The review provides a brief update on the state of our fundamental understanding of MoTe2 material and also discusses the issues that need to be resolved. To introduce MoTe2, we briefly summarize its structural, optoelectronic, magnetic, and mechanical properties in the beginning. Then, different preparation methods of MoTe2, such as exfoliation, laser treatment, deposition, hydrothermal, microwave, and molecular beam epitaxy, are included. The excellent electrical conductivity, strong optical activity, tunable bandgap, high sensitivity, and impressive stability make it an ideal contender for different applications, including energy storage, catalysis, sensors, solar cells, photodetectors, and transistors. The performance of MoTe2 in these applications is systematically introduced along with mechanistic insights. At the end of the article, the challenges and possible future directions are highlighted to further modify MoTe2 material for the numerous functionalities. Therefore, the availability of different phases and layer structures implies a potential for MoTe2 to lead an era of two‐dimensional materials that began from the exfoliation of graphene.
A self‐powered system to electrochemically generate ammonia driven by palladium single atom electrocatalyst
Authors: Hu Hao , Pan Shuyuan , Ma Zhiyong , Liu Kaiyi , Li Yi , Bao Haifeng , Deng Chengwei , Luo Fang , Yang Zehui
Published: August 2024

The utilization of single atoms (SAs) as trifunctional electrocatalyst for nitrogen reduction, oxygen reduction, and oxygen evolution reactions (NRR, ORR, and OER) is still a formidable challenge. Herein, we devise one‐pot synthesized palladium SAs stabilized on nitrogen‐doped carbon palladium SA electrocatalyst (Pd‐SA/NC) as efficient trifunctional electrocatalyst for NRR, ORR, and OER. Pd‐SA/NC performs a robust catalytic activity toward NRR with faradaic efficiency of 22.5% at −0.25 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), and the relative Pd utilization efficiency is enhanced by 17‐fold than Pd‐NP/NC. In addition, the half‐wave potential reaches 0.876 V versus RHE, amounting to a 58‐time higher mass activity than commercial Pt/C. Moreover, the overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 is as low as 287 mV for Pd‐SA/NC, outperforming the commercial IrO2 by 360 times in turnover frequency at 1.6 V versus RHE. Accordingly, the assembled rechargeable zinc‐air battery (ZAB) achieves a maximum power density of 170 mW cm−2, boosted by 2.3 times than Pt/C–IrO2. Two constructed ZABs efficiently power the NRR‐OER system to electrochemically generate ammonia implying its superior trifunctionality.
Agency and Register in Translanguaging: Middle School Bilingual Learners Engaging in Social Studies Inquiry
Authors: Schleppegrell Mary J. , Hernandez Garcia Mina , AL‐Banna Sally , Monte‐Sano Chauncey
Published: August 2024

We report on U.S. middle school Arabic‐speaking students who were agentive in translanguaging for disciplinary learning during social studies inquiry and suggest specific ways that students' academic learning and bilingual development can be supported through translanguaging in the context of English‐dominant classrooms. We engaged in design‐based research with teachers and students over five investigations and refined our mediating processes as we encountered challenges in supporting translanguaging in this context. Analysis of video records showed that for learners to be agentive in talking about subject matter concepts, they needed register development—not only in English but also through translanguaging. Bilingual inquiry curriculum materials and encouragement are not enough; interaction with others who can discuss disciplinary concepts through translanguaging is needed to support learners' agency in drawing on all their meaning‐making resources. The presence of recently arrived learners new to English creates contexts for translanguaging, but even fluent bilingual learners benefit from further development of Arabic social studies registers. With ongoing practice, emergent and fluent bilinguals participated in inquiry practices through translanguaging. Support for translanguaging in the context of learning school subjects can enable learners' development of their bilingual meaning‐making potential.
RETRACTED: CAB39 modulates epithelial–mesenchymal transition through NF‐κB signaling activation, enhancing invasion, and metastasis in bladder cancer
Authors: Huang Jianbiao , Deng Huanhuan , Xiao Shuaiyun , Lin Yuanzhen , Yu Zhaojun , Xu Xiangda , Peng Lifen , Chao Haichao , Zeng Tao
Published: August 2024

Bladder cancer (BC), the predominant urological malignancy in men, exhibits complex molecular underpinnings contributing to its progression. This investigation aims to elucidate the expression dynamics of calcium‐binding protein 39 (CAB39) in both healthy and cancerous tissues and to explore its functional role in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) within human bladder cancer contexts. Utilizing immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription analyses, we assessed CAB39 expression across BC specimens and cell lines. Further, we implemented wound healing, cell invasion, and CCK‐8 proliferation assays in CAB39‐knockdown cell lines, alongside a nude mouse xenograft model, to gauge the impact of diminished CAB39 expression on the invasive, migratory, and proliferative capacities of BC cells. Our gene set enrichment analysis probed into the repertoire of genes augmented by increased CAB39 expression in BC cells, with subsequent validation via western blotting. Our findings reveal a pronounced overexpression of CAB39 in both BC tissues and cellular models, inversely correlated with disease prognosis. Remarkably, the oncogenic trajectory of bladder cancer was mitigated upon the establishment of shRNA‐mediated CAB39 knockdown in vitro and in vivo, effectively reversing the cancer's invasive and metastatic behaviors and curbing tumorigenesis in xenograft models. Hence, CAB39 emerges as a critical biomarker for bladder cancer progression, significantly implicated in facilitating EMT via the upregulation of neural cadherin (N‐cadherin) and the suppression of epithelial cadherin through NF‐κB signaling pathways. CU‐T12‐9 effectively overturned the downregulation of p65‐NF‐kB and N‐cadherin, key elements involved in EMT and cell motility, induced by CAB39 knockdown. This study underscores CAB39's pivotal role in bladder cancer pathophysiology and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Supersymmetric spectrum for vector multiplet on Euclidean AdS2
Authors: Lezcano Alfredo González , Jeon Imtak , Ray Augniva
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Quantum study of supersymmetric theories on Euclidean two dimensional anti-de Sitter space (EAdS2) requires complexified spectrum. For a chiral multiplet, we showed that the spectrum of the Dirac operator acquires a universal shift of i/2 from the real spectrum to make the supersymmetry between boson and fermion manifest, where both the bosonic and fermionic eigenfunctions are normalizable using an appropriate definition of Euclidean inner product. We extend this analysis to the vector multiplet, where we show that the gaugino requires both +i/2 and i/2 shift from the real spectrum, and there is additional isolated point at vanishing spectral parameter which is mapped by supersymmetry to the boundary zero modes of the vector field. Furthermore, this spectral analysis shows that not every bosonic fields in the vector multiplet can satisfy normalizable boundary condition. Nevertheless, aided by a reorganization of fields into a cohomological form, we find the supersymmetry mapping between bosons and fermions in terms of the expansion coefficients with respect to the newly constructed basis.
Erratum to: Orbital angular momentum at small x revisited
Authors: Kovchegov Yuri V. , Manley Brandon
Published: August 2024

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2024)060
Orbifolded elliptic genera of non-compact models
Authors: Ashok Sujay K. , Troost Jan
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We revisit the flavored elliptic genus of the N=2 superconformal cigar model and generalize the analysis of the path integral result to the case of real central charge. It gives rise to a non-holomorphic modular covariant function generalizing completed mock modular forms. We also compute the genus for angular orbifolds of the cigar and Liouville theory and decompose it in terms of discrete and continuous contributions. The orbifolded elliptic genus at fractional level is a completed mock modular form with a shadow related to U(1) modular invariants at rational radius squared. We take the limit of the orbifolded genera towards a weighted ground state index and carefully interpret the contributions. We stress that the orbifold cigar and Liouville theories have a maximal and a minimal radius, respectively.
Unconventional conformal invariance of maximal depth partially massless fields on dS4 and its relation to complex partially massless SUSY
Authors: Letsios Vasileios A.
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Deser and Waldron have shown that maximal depth partially massless theories of higher (integer) spin on four-dimensional de Sitter spacetime (dS4) possess infinitesimal symmetries generated by the conformal Killing vectors of dS4. However, it was later shown by Barnich, Bekaert, and Grigoriev that these theories are not invariant under the conformal algebra so(2, 4). To get some insight into these seemingly contradicting results we write down the full set of infinitesimal transformations of the fields generated by the fifteen conformal Killing vectors of dS4. In particular, although the infinitesimal transformations generated by the ten dS Killing vectors are well-known (these correspond to the conventional Lie derivatives), the transformations generated by the five non-Killing conformal Killing vectors were absent from the literature, and we show that they have an ‘unconventional’ form. In the spin-2 case (partially massless graviton), we show that the field equations and the action are invariant under the unconventional conformal transformations. For spin s > 2, the invariance is demonstrated only at the level of the field equations. For all spins s ≥ 2, we reproduce the result that the symmetry algebra does not close on the conformal algebra, so(2, 4). This is due to the appearance of new higher-derivative symmetry transformations in the commutator of two unconventional conformal transformations. Our results concerning the closure of the full symmetry algebra are inconclusive. Then we shift focus to the question of supersymmetry (SUSY) on dS4 and our objective is twofold. First, we uncover a non-interacting supermultiplet that consists of a complex partially massless spin-2 field and a complex spin-3/2 field on dS4. Second, we showcase the appearance of the unconventional conformal symmetries in the commutator of two SUSY transformations. Thus, this commutator closes on an algebra that is neither so(1, 4) nor so(2, 4), while its full structure is an open question. More open questions arising from our findings are also discussed.
Security of quantum position-verification limits Hamiltonian simulation via holography
Authors: Apel Harriet , Cubitt Toby , Hayden Patrick , Kohler Tamara , Pérez-García David
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We investigate the link between quantum position-verification (QPV) and holography established in [1] using holographic quantum error correcting codes as toy models. By inserting the “temporal” scaling of the AdS metric by hand via the bulk Hamiltonian interaction strength, we recover a toy model with consistent causality structure. This leads to an interesting implication between two topics in quantum information: if position-based verification is secure against attacks with small entanglement then there are new fundamental lower bounds for resources required for one Hamiltonian to simulate another.
Aktuelle Daten kennen und die Ergebnisse von Brustoperationen verbessern
Authors: Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Weiler Karoline , Reinemer Raphael , Karsten Maria Margarete , Speiser Dorothee , Neeb Caroline , Wagner Jenny Katharina
Published: August 2024

Die Optimierung der medikamentösen Tumortherapie beim Mammakarzinom geht mit einer Deeskalation der operativen Behandlungen einher bei gleichzeitig verbesserten Heilungsergebnissen. Die Daten zu onkologischen Endpunkten und zu den Patient Reported Outcomes (PRO) zeigen schlechtere Ergebnisse für die Mastektomie (ME) im Vergleich zur brusterhaltenden Therapie. Die hautsparende Mastektomie hat vergleichbare onkologische Ergebnisse wie die ME, aber bessere PROs nach der Operation. PROs werden durch die Therapieverfahren beeinflusst und verändern sich über die Zeit. Bei Patientinnen mit einem low-risk Mammakarzinom kann auf die SNB („sentinel node biopsy“) verzichtet werden. Bei cN0 und pN1sn sollte keine ALNE (axilläre Lymphonodektomie) erfolgen, sondern eine Bestrahlung der Axilla. Patientinnen mit cN+ sollten eine neoadjuvante medikamentöse Therapie erhalten und eine SNB/TAD, wenn sie in eine cN0-Situation konvertieren. Bei ypT0 und ypN0sn kann der Verzicht auf eine Bestrahlung der Thoraxwand und LAW diskutiert werden. Die Komplikationsraten sind nach einer epimuskulären geringer als nach einer submuskulären Implantatrekonstruktion. Die komplette Rekonstruktion der Brust durch mehrmaliges Lipofilling ist eine Alternative zur Expander‑/Implantatrekonstruktion. Die intraoperative ICG(Indocyaningrün)-Angiographie, lokale Tranexamsäuregabe und postoperative topische Applikation von Nitroglycerin können die Komplikationsrate der Brustrekonstruktion reduzieren.
A boundary strip indicator for material distribution-based topology optimization
Authors: Setta Mario , Hägg Linus , Wadbro Eddie
Published: August 2024

This article proposes a boundary strip indicator for density-based topology optimization that can be used to estimate the design’s surface area (perimeter in 2D) or identify a coating layer. We investigate the theoretical properties of the proposed boundary strip indicator and propose a differentiable approximation that preserves key properties, such as non-negativity. Finally, we use the boundary strip indicator in a heat conduction design optimization problem for a coated structure. The resulting designs show a strong dependence on the properties of the coating.
On the Gromov hyperbolicity of the minimal metric
Authors: Fiacchi Matteo
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we study the hyperbolicity in the sense of Gromov of domains in $$\mathbb {R}^d$$

R

d

$$(d\ge 3)$$

(
d
≥
3
)

with respect to the minimal metric introduced by Forstnerič and Kalaj (Anal PDE 17(3):981–1003, 2024). In particular, we prove that every bounded strongly minimally convex domain is Gromov hyperbolic and its Gromov compactification is equivalent to its Euclidean closure. Moreover, we prove that the boundary of a Gromov hyperbolic convex domain does not contain non-trivial conformal harmonic disks. Finally, we study the relation between the minimal metric and the Hilbert metric in convex domains.
Monotone Families of Circle Diffeomorphisms Driven by Expanding Circle Maps
Authors: Bjerklöv Kristian , Krikorian Raphaël
Published: August 2024

We consider monotone families of circle diffeomorphisms forced by the strongly chaotic circle endomorphisms $$x\mapsto bx \mod 1$$

x
↦
b
x

mod

1

, where the integer b is large. We obtain estimates of the fibered Lyapunov exponents and show that in the limit as b tends to infinity, they approach the values of the Lyapunov exponents for the corresponding random case. The estimates are based on a control of the distribution of the iterates of almost every point, up to a fixed (small) scale, depending on b.
Riparian Landscape Change: A Spatial Approach for Quantifying Change and Development of a River Network Restoration Model
Authors: Stieger Martin , Mckenzie Paul
Published: August 2024

Natural river landscapes can be biodiversity hotspots but are one of the most human altered ecosystems with habitats significantly damaged around the world, and a third of fish populations threatened with extinction. While riparian ecosystems have been negatively altered by anthropogenic activities, effective planning and restoration strategies can reverse negative impacts by improving habitat quality. However, restoring rivers requires appropriate data on current riparian health while also considering priorities for different stakeholders. To address this, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to create a new and transferable restoration priority model based on a section of the river Linth in Switzerland as a case study. The restoration priority model is founded on connectivity, river condition, national priority species and species hotspots. Landscape change of the riparian zone was analyzed using aerial imagery and landscape metrics. Almost a quarter of rivers within the study area were considered high or very high restoration priority, with many aquatic species set to benefit from restoration. From 1946 to 2019, the riparian landscape became highly fragmented due to significant growth in impervious surfaces and a concomitant loss of agricultural land. The GIS model provides a tool by which environmental agencies can manage natural features over large scales, while also planning priorities and targeting conservation strategies to the areas of greatest need.
Venous thromboembolism risk in adults with hereditary thrombophilia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alnor Anne B. , Gils Charlotte , Vinholt Pernille J.
Published: August 2024

This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk in adults with hereditary thrombophilia, including Factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation, prothrombin G20210A (FII) mutation, compound heterozygosity, protein C (PC), protein S (PS), and antithrombin (AT) deficiency. Eligibility criteria included studies suitable for quantitative synthesis with extractable information on VTE risk in adults (> 15 years). There were no restrictions on VTE type, location, or occurrence. Two authors reviewed all studies and extracted data from 107 publications, encompassing 107,130 individuals (21,560 experiencing VTE). We used a random effects model and calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The highest risk was associated with homozygous FVL (OR 5.58, 95% CI 4.61–6.74), homozygous FII (OR 5.16, 95% CI 3.12–8.52), and compound heterozygosity (OR 4.64, 95% CI 2.25–9.58). In contrast, VTE risk was lowest for FVL heterozygosity (OR 2.97, 95% CI 2.41–3.67) and FII heterozygosity (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.70–2.87), whereas PC (OR 3.23, 95% CI 2.05–5.08), PS (OR 3.01, 95% CI 2.26–4.02), and AT deficiency (OR 4.01, 95% CI 2.50–6.44) demonstrated an intermediate VTE risk. These results highlight an increased risk of venous thromboembolism in adults with hereditary thrombophilia. However, the risk for patients with PC, PS, and AT deficiency appears to be lower than previously stated, likely due to varying thrombogeneity of the underlying genetic mutations. Further research addressing this aspect of VTE risk in hereditary thrombophilia is imperative to improve patient management.

Trial registration

PROSPERO registration number CRD42022376757.
Vascular function in patients with advanced heart failure and continuous-flow or pulsatile ventricular assist devices
Authors: Rossi Valentina A. , Nebunu Delia , Nägele Matthias P. , Barthelmes Jens , Haider Thomas , Laptseva Natallia , Bitos Konstantinos , Kreysing Leonie , Frank Michelle , Enseleit Frank , Wilhelm Markus J. , Dzemali Omer , Ruschitzka Frank , Sudano Isabella , Flammer Andreas J.
Published: August 2024

Background

A significant proportion of patients with heart failure (HF) progress to an advanced stage, which is associated with a substantial increase in morbidity and mortality. These patients may be eligible for advanced treatment strategies such as mechanical circulatory support with ventricular assist devices (VAD). Vascular dysfunction is a hallmark of heart failure pathophysiology and prognosis. However, whether and to what degree the hemodynamic benefits of VADs influence vascular function remain unknown.

Methods and results

In this study, we evaluated endothelial vascular function with flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) and with flicker-light induced retinal vasodilatation (FID). 34 patients with a VAD (age 58 ± 10 years, 85% male, 74% ischemic heart disease, 26 continuous-flow (CF)-LVAD, and 8 pulsatile biventricular (bi)-VAD) were compared to 34 propensity-matched patients (mean age 62 ± 9 years, 68% male, 59% ischemic heart disease) with advanced HF (AdvHF). Endothelial function of larger arteries (FMD) was significantly better in patients after VAD implantation compared to matched AdvHF patients (7.2 ± 4.6% vs. 5.0 ± 3.2%, p = 0.03), whereas microvascular arteriolar function (FIDart) did not differ (0.99 ± 1.43% vs. 1.1 ± 1.7%, p = 0.78). The arterio-venous ratio (AVR) was higher in the VAD group (0.90 ± 0.06 vs 0.85 ± 0.09, p = 0.01), reflecting wider retinal arteriolar and narrower venular diameters. There was no difference in vascular function between patients with CF-LVAD and pulsatile Bi-VAD.

Conclusion

In patients with advanced heart failure, VAD implantation was associated with better endothelial function at the level of large arteries, but not in the microcirculation.
Variability in morphology and immunohistochemistry of Crohn’s disease-associated small bowel neoplasms: implications of Claudin 18 and Cadherin 17 expression for tumor-targeted immunotherapies
Authors: Iwaya Mai , Kodama Makoto , Abe Keiko , Maeda Kahoko , Nakajima Tomoyuki , Uehara Takeshi , Nishio Risa , Yamana Tetsuo , Riddell Robert , Ota Hiroyoshi
Published: August 2024

Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal carcinomas are known to have different morphology, immunoprofile, and genetic findings from sporadic colorectal carcinomas; however, little is known for Crohn’s disease-associated small bowel neoplasms (CD-SBNs). Cadherin 17 is a useful biomarker of adenocarcinomas with intestinal phenotype and recently reported as an ideal target for chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) therapy for gastrointestinal carcinoma. Claudin 18 is a cell adhesion protein, and Claudin18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2) is frequently expressed at high levels in gastric-type adenocarcinoma. Zolbetuximab, a targeted monoclonal antibody, has been developed for CLDN18.2-positive gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. We examined a series of CD-SBNs for both Cadherin 17 and Claudin 18, and also hypothesized that expression of Claudin 18 was associated with gastric phenotype.

Methods and results: We performed histological and immunohistochemical examinations on 25 CD-SBNs. Most of adenocarcinomas showed tubular morphology as seen in gastric carcinomas, whereas a subset of dysplasia was morphologically similar to that of the large bowel. Cadherin17 and Claudin 18 expression was identified in 93% and 57% CD-associated adenocarcinomas respectively. In Cadherin 17-positive CD-SBNs, frequent MUC5AC, MUC6, and Claudin18 expression was identified (61%, 57%, and 57%, respectively). Claudin 18-positive CD-SBNs showed significantly more MUC5AC and MUC6 expression than Claudin 18-negative CD-SBNs (P = 0.005, < 0.001 respectively).

Conclusion: In CD-associated small bowel adenocarcinomas, Cadherin 17 expression was frequently retained and Claudin 18 was frequently co-expressed. Claudin 18 had a positive correlation with the expression of gastric mucins. These results suggest that CD-associated small bowel adenocarcinomas may be candidates for Cadherin 17- and Claudin 18-targeted immunotherapies.
Weighted sums and Berry-Esseen type estimates in free probability theory
Authors: Neufeld Leonie
Published: August 2024

We study weighted sums of free identically distributed self-adjoint random variables with weights chosen randomly from the unit sphere and show that the Kolmogorov distance between the distribution of such a weighted sum and Wigner’s semicircle law is of order $$n^{-\frac{1}{2}}$$

n

-

1
2

with high probability. Replacing the Kolmogorov distance by a weaker pseudometric, we obtain a rate of convergence of order $$n^{-1}$$

n

-
1

, thus providing a free analog of the Klartag-Sodin result in classical probability theory. Moreover, we show that our ideas generalize to the setting of sums of free non-identically distributed bounded self-adjoint random variables leading to a new rate of convergence in the free central limit theorem.