bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the psychiatric care through outsourcing artificial intelligence technologies: Where are we now?
Authors: Andrić-Petrović Sanja , Marić Nađa
Published: September 2022

Currently, the world is entering the fourth industrial revolution - marked by artificial intelligence (AI) powered technologies. The growing ubiquity of AI technologies is already present in many sectors of modern society, but caution still prevails in medicine where their application is far from routine, although it is on the constant rise. Psychiatry has been recognized as one of the disciplines where significant contribution of AI technologies is expected for prediction, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of persons with psychiatric disorders. Nearly half of the world's population live in countries that have fewer than one psychiatrist per 100 000 inhabitants, which is far below the health needs as the prevalence of psychiatric disorders is within the range of 10-20%. Thus, the question arises - whether AI technologies can help to fill the gap in unmet needs in psychiatry? The main types of autonomous technologies currently applied in psychiatry are machine learning and its subsets deep learning and computer vision, alongside natural language processing and chatbots. The present review will focus on the brief history of the concept, the utility of AI technologies in psychiatry, clinicians' attitudes, ethical dilemmas, clinical and scientific challenges. This review emphasizes that the psychiatric community should not be ignorant but could try to leave the comfort zone and do more to raise the awareness of AI technologies development achievements.
Effectiveness of calibrated digital photography technique in dental shade analyses applications
Authors: ÖZDEN Yunus Emre , YALNIZ Ayse , BAL Burcu , ÖZKURT KAYAHAN Zeynep , KAZAZOĞLU Ender
Published: September 2022

Objectives: Although spectrophotometers are commonly used in shade analysis in dentistry; digital cameras, photographic lighting systems, computer programs and photographs have also become the part of this field. The aim of this study was to compare the success of spectrophotometer and calibrated digital photography on shade selection.
Materials and Methods: 3D-Master toothguide (VITA) with 29 tabs was used for the analyses. L, a, b values were determined by a spectrophotometer (Minolta CM-2300D, Konica) and these values were matched with digital photographic measurements. Photographs were transferred to an image analyzing software (Adobe Photoshop CC).
Results: There were significant differences between L* values of the spectrophotometric analyses and digital measurements in 3 different regions of the tab (p<0.05). For the evaluation of ΔE values, Post hoc Bonferroni analysis which was performed between the 3 regions of shade tabs revealed significant difference between the middle (21.92 ± 2.31), incisal (13.67 ± 1.69) and cervical (19.57 ± 2.47) region of the tabs (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Spectrophotometer was found to be a more accurate shade determination technique compared to calibrated digital photography.
Miradas desde el encuentro. Homenaje al profesor Tomás Fernández García.
Authors: Chinchurreta Santamaría Jhoana
Published: September 2022

Reseña RASE
Bulanık Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleriyle Bir Risk Analizi Uygulaması
Authors: HACIBEKTAŞOĞLU Süleyman Enes , MERTOĞLU Bülent , TOZAN Hakan
Published: September 2022

İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği (İSG) faaliyetleriyle işyerlerinde çalışanların ruhen ve bedenen tam bir iyilik halinde olması hedeflenmektedir. Bu faaliyetlerin en önemlilerinden birisi işyerlerinde uygulanacak olan risk analizleridir. Risk analizleriyle işyerlerinde mevcut olan tehlikeler ve bu tehlikelerin neden olabileceği potansiyel riskler belirlenerek iş kazalarının yaşanmaması ya da minimize edilmesi için gerekli önlemler alınmaktadır. Literatürde kullanılmakta olan çeşitli risk analiz yöntemleri bulunmaktadır. Ülkemizde en küçük işyerinden en büyük işyerine kadar yaygın bir kullanım düzeyine sahip olan Fine-Kinney yöntemi bu risk analiz yöntemlerinden birisidir. Bu çalışmada geleneksel Fine-Kinney yönteminin bulanık mantık tabanlı çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) yöntemlerine entegrasyonu ile daha kullanışlı ve hassas hibrit bir risk analizi yöntemi geliştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaç için ilgili ÇKKV yöntemleri bulanık mantık tabanlı olarak kullanılmış olup bu sayede karar verici uzmanlar için daha uygun olan sözel terimlerin kullanımıyla daha anlamlı ve kullanışlı bir yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda öncelikle çalışma için kriter olarak Fine-Kinney yönteminin olasılık, frekans ve şiddet kriterleri tercih edilmiştir. Bu kriterler iş güvenliği uzmanları tarafından f-SWARA ÇKKV yöntemi ile ağırlıklandırılmıştır. Yapılan ağırlıklandırma işlemi sonucunda olasılık, frekans ve şiddet kriterleri için sırasıyla 0,198, 0,276 ve 0,526 değerleri elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra ağırlıklı kriter değerlerinin f-VIKOR yöntemine entegrasyonu ile analizler gerçekleştirilerek tehlikelerin öncelik sıraları belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda geleneksel yöntemle yapılan analiz sonuçlarıyla önerilen hibrit f-SWARA&f-VIKOR yöntemi analizi sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmayla risk analizlerinde kullanılan kriterlerin ağırlıklandırılmasının önemli bir durum olduğu ayrıca risk analizlerinde bulanık mantık tabanlı ÇKKV yöntemlerinin kullanımının insan kaynaklı hataları minimize etmede büyük katkısı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Artificial intelligence framework for modeling and predicting crop yield to enhance food security in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Adhaileh Mosleh Hmoud , Aldhyani Theyazn H.H.
Published: September 2022

Predicting crop yields is a critical issue in agricultural production optimization and intensification research. Accurate foresights of natural circumstances a year in advance can have a considerable impact on management decisions regarding crop selection, rotational location in crop rotations, agrotechnical methods employed, and long-term land use planning. One of the most important aspects of precision farming is sustainability. The novelty of this study is to evidence the effective of the temperature, pesticides, and rainfall environment parameters in the influence sustainable agriculture and economic efficiency at the farm level in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, predicting the future values of main crop yield in Saudi Arabia. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) to estimate the impact of environment factors and agrotechnical parameters on agricultural crop yields and to anticipate yields is examined in this study. Using artificial neural networks (ANNs), a highly effective multilayer perceptron (MLP) model was built to accurately predict the crop yield, temperature, insecticides, and rainfall based on environmental data. The dataset is collected from different Saudi Arabia regions from 1994 to 2016, including the temperature, insecticides, rainfall, and crop yields for potatoes, rice, sorghum, and wheat. For this study, we relied on five different statistical evaluation metrics: the mean square error (MSE), the root-mean-square error (RMSE), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R%), and the determination coefficient (R2). Analyses of datasets for crop yields, temperature, and insecticides led to the development of the MLP models. The datasets are randomly divided into separate samples, 70% for training and 30% for testing. The best-performing MLP model is characterized by values of (R = 100%) and (R2 = 96.33) for predicting insecticides in the testing process. The temperature, insecticides, and rainfall were examined with different crop yields to confirm the effectiveness of these parameters for increasing product crop yields in Saudi Arabia; we found that these items had highest relationships. The average values are R = 98.20%, 96.50, and 99.14% with for the temperature, insecticides, and rainfall, respectively. Based on these findings, it appeared that each of the parameter categories that are considered (temperature, pesticides, and rainfall) had a similar contribution to the accuracy of anticipated yield projection.
Construcción de emociones políticas: análisis del uso de Twitter en campañas electorales en Bogotá
Authors:   Universidad Externado de Colombia (Colombia), González Angie Katherine , Ferré-Pavia Carme ,   Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (España)
Published: September 2022

Esta investigación busca mostrar las principales características que definen una campaña electoral en la actualidad, casi dos décadas después del surgimiento de las redes sociales. El caso se centra en examinar todos los mensajes publicados en Twitter por los dos candidatos a la alcaldía de Bogotá, Colombia, más votados durante el período electoral 2020-2023. Se utiliza una metodología mixta, basada en el análisis de contenido, centrada en las recurrencias textuales de 2343 tuits. Los hallazgos principales evidencian que estamos en un contexto multiplataforma que obliga a los candidatos a comunicarse en diferentes lenguajes y valores, adoptando una nueva tendencia a mezclar mensajes duros y suaves en un solo tuit, y a reforzar el lado emocional con el uso de imágenes y símbolos. Se puede concluir que dentro del contenido se impone una narrativa emocional, altamente persuasiva, enfocada en historias personales que desdibujan los partidos políticos y que involucran temas de agenda en los que se mezclan valores premodernos, modernos y posmodernos.
Factores clave que determinan la relación y el uso del comercio electrónico por parte de las personas mayores en España
Authors:   Universidad CEU San Pablo (España), Pretel-Jiménez Marilé , Viñaras-Abad Mónica ,   Universidad Complutense de Madrid (España), Abad-Alcalá Leopoldo ,   Universidad CEU San Pablo (España)
Published: September 2022

Este trabajo analiza los desafíos y oportunidades del comercio electrónico para los mayores de 60 años y profundiza en las motivaciones y frenos que determinan su uso, así como en la visión de los expertos del sector sobre este público para que este segmento poblacional entre plenamente a formar parte de una sociedad digitalizada. Se estima que en 30 años la población de más de 60 años pasará de 12% a 22% (Organización Mundial de la Salud, 2018). Europa y América del Norte son las zonas más envejecidas del mundo: se calcula que, en 2050, una de cada cuatro personas podría tener 65 años o más (United Nations, 2019). En España, las proyecciones del Instituto de Mayores y Servicios Sociales apuntan a que "en el año 2065 las personas de más de 80 años representarán un 18,1% sobre el total de población" (Vidal-Domínguez et al., 2017, p. 37). El estudio utiliza una triangulación metodológica apoyada en dos técnicas cualitativas, los grupos de discusión y el método Delphi. Se han realizado cuatro focus group formados por mayores de 60 años de ambos sexos que utilizan Internet, con diverso nivel educativo y socioeconómico, residentes en zonas urbanas de tamaño variable. El Delphi se constituyó por expertos del sector privado pertenecientes al ámbito del comercio electrónico. La principal conclusión es la ausencia de estrategias y de acciones específicas en las webs comerciales hacia este grupo poblacional cada vez más numeroso y con interés en incrementar sus habilidades digitales.
Uso de cadenas nacionales para imponer el discurso oficial en Ecuador (2007-2021)
Authors:   Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil (Ecuador), Panchana-Macay Allen , Barrera Carlos ,   Universidad de Navarra (España)
Published: September 2022

Las cadenas nacionales en televisión han sido un mecanismo de información o de propaganda recurrente de varios gobiernos latinoamericanos desde los años setenta del siglo XX. En distinto grado según su naturaleza y alcance, a través de este recurso han buscado sostener la versión oficial de hechos relevantes y sensibles e influir en el control de la opinión pública. En el caso de Ecuador, su uso se intensificó y sistematizó durante los gobiernos de Rafael Correa (2007-2017) y Lenín Moreno (2017-2021). Con base en los hechos acaecidos en aquellos años, la legislación creada y aplicada, el análisis de contenido de distintas cadenas nacionales y entrevistas a protagonistas, se estudia su utilización como una clave estratégica de comunicación y propaganda por parte del poder político, especialmente a través de la nueva emisora pública Ecuador TV, matriz de las cadenas desde 2007.
Fact-checking en Colombia: RedCheq en las elecciones regionales de 2019
Authors:   Universidad de La Sabana (Colombia), Rodríguez-Pérez Carlos , Calvo Dafne ,   Universidad de Valencia (España), Campos-Domínguez Eva ,   Universidad de Valladolid (España)
Published: September 2022

En el contexto internacional, existe una preocupación social respecto de los efectos de la desinformación en los procesos electorales; de hecho, la comunidad de periodistas de verificación ha evaluado contenidos y declaraciones durante las elecciones. Esta investigación profundiza en el periodismo de verificación en Colombia mediante el estudio de caso de la plataforma RedCheq durante las elecciones regionales de 2019. Gracias a un análisis cuantitativo de contenido, se investiga el ámbito geográfico, la tipología de información verificada, las herramientas empleadas y las características de los actores verificados. Los resultados muestran el alcance regional del fact-checking de RedCheq en Colombia, en el que predominó la verificación a contenidos sobre asuntos electorales, de justicia y de economía. Asimismo, existió un equilibrio entre verificar declaraciones públicas y rastrear las redes sociales para la identificación de bulos. Se encontró imparcialidad ideológica al evaluar la veracidad de contenidos propagados por los partidos que concurrieron en las elecciones. Lo anterior es relevante para dotar de institucionalidad y de legitimidad al periodismo de verificación frente a ciertas declaraciones que lo acusan de seguir agendas ideológicas.
La divulgación científica en Instagram: usos y estrategias desde la praxis chilena
Authors:   Universidad de Granada (España), Martin-Neira Juan Ignacio , Trillo-Domínguez Magdalena ,   Universidad de Granada - Grupo Joly (España), Olvera-Lobo María Dolores ,   Universidad de Granada (España)
Published: September 2022

Tanto las investigaciones académicas como los informes sectoriales evidencian cómo las redes sociales han penetrado rápidamente en Latinoamérica. Desde el reto que supone hacer accesible el conocimiento especializado a la sociedad, este fenómeno constituye una oportunidad para conocer cómo los periodistas especializados, que trabajan en instituciones o centros científicos, las utilizan para comunicar la ciencia. Este estudio presta especial atención a la plataforma Instagram como herramienta de comunicación científica, la que, por sus particularidades y características visuales, está desbancando a otras aplicaciones como Twitter y Facebook en este ámbito. La investigación revela cuál es la percepción de estos periodistas institucionales y su relación con Instagram en Chile, con base en un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, 70% de los consultados sitúa a Instagram como la aplicación usada con mayor frecuencia para la divulgación científica en las redes sociales por su dinamismo y capacidades visuales para entregar los mensajes. No obstante, por más que existe una valoración positiva sobre la plataforma y su importancia como gran aliado para el proceso de difusión, también se advierte la necesidad de poder focalizar los mensajes y aplicar un criterio gráfico adecuado para una mayor efectividad en los posteos y más engagement con las audiencias.
La tribu sin suerte. Transformaciones y retos del periodismo de conflicto en España
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco (España), Unda-Endemaño Annette , Iturregui-Mardaras Leire ,   Universidad del País Vasco (España), Cantalapiedra-González María José ,   Universidad del País Vasco (España)
Published: September 2022

El artículo ahonda en las principales transformaciones que el periodismo de conflicto ha vivido en el último siglo y medio y trata de identificar los retos a los que se enfrenta en la actualidad. Para ello, además de una amplia revisión bibliográfica a trabajos académicos, biografías o libros publicados por periodistas, se han realizado 24 entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales con experiencia en la cobertura de conflictos, responsables de la sección internacional de varios diarios españoles, y a militares con experiencia en gestión de información pública en operaciones y en formación en materia de seguridad para periodistas. Entre las conclusiones destacan, por un lado, el impacto que la cobertura de conflictos ha logrado más allá de los medios y el rol de la tecnología como elemento transformador de los perfiles y la práctica profesional. Todo esto, en un contexto de aumento de la peligrosidad de la profesión y de la precarización del periodismo, también en zonas de conflicto, dejando atrás el mito del corresponsal de guerra y planteando nuevos retos, como el abordaje de la cuestión de la seguridad, la inclusión de la perspectiva de género en este ámbito o el fin del tabú que constituye el síndrome del estrés postraumático.
El perfil del profesional de las relaciones públicas en España: situación y tendencias del sector
Authors:   Universidad Loyola Andalucía (España), Del Toro-Acosta Andrés , Alcaide-Pulido Purificación ,   Universidad Loyola Andalucía (España), Lozano-Delmar Javier L. ,   Universidad Loyola Andalucía (España), Muñiz-Velázquez José Antonio ,   Universidad Loyola Andalucía (España), Tapia Frade Alejandro ,   Universidad de Cádiz (España)
Published: September 2022

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es aproximarse al sector de las relaciones públicas en España a través de sus profesionales. Se condujo un análisis cualitativo Delphi entre expertos y un estudio cuantitativo en Qualtrics orientado a estos profesionales. Los resultados determinan fortalezas –como el impulso del sector gracias a la diversificación, la gestión de influencers y la generación de contenidos de valor conseguidas por la transformación digital– y detallan también amenazas generadas por esa disrupción tecnológica donde el sector cambia a gran velocidad, lo que puede suponer una pérdida de confianza en el contenido que generan en los medios por la desinformación y las fake news. Los resultados podrán guiar la toma decisiones empresariales en comunicación en materia de gestión de personas, a la vez que muestran las necesidades formativas específicas de profesionales y estudiantes. La principal conclusión consiste en la exigencia de un equilibrio entre las habilidades blandas -soft- y duras -hard-: las primeras, transversales y que mantendrán su importancia en el tiempo; las segundas exigen a los profesionales una actualización continúa en aspectos técnicos.
Búsqueda, escaneo y evitación de información sobre COVID-19 en Chile
Authors:   Universidad Diego Portales (Chile), Peña y Lillo Macarena , Guzmán Pablo ,   Universidad Diego Portales (Chile)
Published: September 2022

La pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 ha traído consigo una avalancha informativa, por lo que resulta clave comprender cómo se están informando las personas en este contexto. Este estudio busca conocer los patrones de búsqueda informativa, escaneo o exposición incidental y evitación de contenidos sobre coronavirus en Chile, e identificar las características individuales que explican las tres conductas informativas. Se realizó una encuesta a 3592 personas que combinó aplicación en línea (n=1891) y telefónica (n=1701) entre septiembre y noviembre de 2020. El análisis de datos incluyó descriptivos y modelos multivariados de regresión. Se encontró que el escaneo era más prevalente que la búsqueda. La fuente preferida de escaneo fue la televisión y la de búsqueda, los medios digitales. La edad se asoció negativamente con escaneo y búsqueda y positivamente con evitación. Las mujeres buscaron menos que los hombres y evitaron en mayor medida. Las personas con menor nivel educacional escanearon y buscaron en menor grado y evitaron más que aquellas con mayor escolaridad. Este trabajo muestra importantes brechas de acceso a información acerca de la pandemia por edad, género y nivel educacional en Chile. Los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de realizar esfuerzos específicos para llegar a los segmentos menos motivados en acceder a estos contenidos y destacan la centralidad de la televisión para alcanzar a los usuarios que hacen menos esfuerzos activos.
La campaña peruana en Twitter. Análisis de la polarización afectiva durante la segunda vuelta de las elecciones generales 2021
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Perú), Ponte Torrel Juan
Published: September 2022

Twitter es uno de los espacios digitales que genera un gran atractivo para las candidaturas políticas en épocas de elecciones por su utilidad para difundir propuestas y generar debates coyunturales. Esta investigación analiza la polarización afectiva en los sentimientos y emociones contenidos en las menciones a las candidaturas presidenciales –Pedro Castillo y Keiko Fujimori– durante la segunda vuelta de las elecciones de 2021 en Perú. Se recurrió a la fuente de datos elaborada por el Monitoreo de Redes Sociales de la Dirección Nacional de Educación y Formación Cívica Ciudadana del Jurado Nacional de Elecciones. Se analizó un total de 1.202.297 tuits con el software estadístico R. Los resultados indican que la polarización afectiva se presenta en los sentimientos extremos de los usuarios hacia las candidaturas, e incluso que las cargas emocionales tienden a la inestabilidad temporal de apoyo o del rechazo.
Early returns on decriminalization in Oregon show little treatment
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: September 2022

Strikingly low engagement in substance use evaluation and subsequent treatment has renewed sharp criticism of Oregon's landmark 2020 measure to decriminalize personal‐use possession of illegal drugs. Although there is no indication that the state's leaders are ready to reverse course on an initiative voters approved as Measure 110, some are openly wondering whether a measure that virtually eliminates the role of law enforcement lacks the accountability needed to encourage drug users to pursue treatment.
Canada and US issue joint statement on overdoses
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2022

A white paper from Canada and the United States focuses on collaboration between the two countries on their commitment to deal with the overdose crisis. “Substance Use and Harms During COVID‐19 and Approaches to Federal Surveillance and Response,” issued Sept. 27, states that the increase in “substance use harms and deaths” during COVID‐19 is partly due to a decrease in access to services. The white paper itself focuses on the restrictions to methadone access in the United States and says little about the Canadian rules, but they are much more lenient.
Dyeing para‐aramid fabrics in supercritical carbon dioxide with pretreatment of nonthermal plasma induced oil polymers
Authors: Metzcar Caleb , Ye Xiaofei Philip , Wang Toni , Doona Christopher J.
Published: September 2022

It has been a great challenge to effectively dye para‐aramids. This study systematically evaluated the dyeing of textile fabrics made of woven continuous filament, highly crystalline para‐aramids in supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) at various combinations of temperature (T = 80–160°C) and pressure (P = 10–20 MPa), focusing on our new pretreatment method of using nonthermal plasma (NTP) to induce oil polymers on the surface of the fabrics for the enhancement of dyeing. We found that, without any pretreatment, the specific para‐aramid fabric used in this study is undyeable (dyed K/S value of ~0.5), even after an NTP surface treatment and undergoing a dyeing process in ScCO2, due to its high crystallinity and chemical inertness. Pretreating the para‐aramids with soybean oil, acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO), or a mixture of soybean oil and acrylic acid (AA/Soy) followed by an NTP treatment significantly improved the dyeing color strength, as measured by K/S values up to 9.7. In these cases, AESO and AA/Soy provided comparable results, better than that obtained with soybean oil. The NTP treatment is essential in inducing a cross‐linked polymer network in situ, anchoring the para‐aramids with covalent bonds and also providing functional groups that bind the dye. The new dyeing method did not compromise the strength of the para‐aramids. Further, dyes soluble in ScCO2 should be selected, since the use of dyes insoluble in ScCO2 would require the addition of co‐solvents and other auxiliary chemicals, which complicates the downstream separation of these chemicals and decreases the benefit of ScCO2 dyeing.
Improving mechanical properties of melt‐spun polyetherimide monofilaments by thermal drawing
Authors: Youn Chulmin , Gwak Hyeon Jung , Bae Younghwan , Kim Dokun , Yeang Byeong Jin , Doh Song Jun , Yeo Sang Young
Published: September 2022

Super engineering plastics, such as polyetherimide (PEI), are widely used in various fields owing to their multifunctional properties. PEI is used in automobiles, electronics, and medicine owing to its high thermal resistance, excellent mechanical strength, flame retardancy, and chemical resistance. In this study, melt‐spun PEI filaments were thermally drawn and the effect of the drawing process conditions on their mechanical properties was investigated. To understand the mechanical properties of various forms, such as films, sheets, granules, tubes, and rods of PEI postprocessing, it is based on analyzing the behavior in one‐dimensional structures. The mechanical properties of the PEI filaments were dictated by the draw ratio, process temperature, and cooling temperature of the thermal drawing process. In addition, maintaining the drawing process temperature around the glass transition temperature (220°C) of PEI elongated the filament by up to 80%. Furthermore, the optimized cooling temperature was 150°C and draw ratio was 50%. In conclusion, PEI filaments with excellent mechanical properties were obtained by optimizing the draw ratio, process temperature, and cooling temperature of thermal drawing. Through the behavior of the molecular and crystal structures by thermal drawing of PEI filament, it is expected to be applied to two‐ or three‐dimensional structures.
Preparation of flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam with bio‐based phosphorus‐containing polyols and expandable graphite
Authors: Yang Rong , Gu Guozhang , Li Mengdi , Li Jinchun
Published: September 2022

In the last decades, rigid polyurethane foam has focused on increasing renewable components and enhancing flame retardancy due to sustainable development and fire safety requirements. Herein, we report a bio‐based phosphorus‐containing polyester polyol (PMCP) that is synthesized with dimethyl methylphosphonate, malic acid, citric acid, and 1,6‐hexanediol in one pot. The hydroxyl value of PMCP is 485 ~ 512 mg KOH/g. As a result, it can be used as the sole polyol in the production of RPUF. Moreover, expandable graphite (EG) was incorporated into RPUF‐PMCP20 to enhance flame retardance. The limited oxygen index of RPUF increases from 18.3% to 24.0% with the rise in DMMP moiety in PMCP. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) significantly decreases from 264.2 to 129 kW/m2. Meanwhile, the time to ignition increases from 5 to 18 s. The flame retardant mechanism indicated that PMCP plays a dual role in the gaseous and condensed phases. The addition of EG exhibits an excellent blocking effect. The LOI increases from 22.5% to 27.3% with increasing EG content. In addition, both the PHRR and smoke release rate of RPUF are suppressed by incorporating EG.
Comparative life cycle assessment of first‐ and second‐generation bio‐isobutene as a drop‐in substitute for fossil isobutene
Authors: Fazeni‐Fraisl Karin , Lindorfer Johannes
Published: September 2022

Isobutene (IBN, C4H8) is widely used in industry. Currently, IBN production relies on petrochemical processes. The current work assesses the comparative environmental sustainability of bio‐based IBN production routes based on first‐ and second‐generation sugar compared with fossil IBN by applying the ISO 14044‐based Life Cycle Assessment methodology. In total nine scenarios are examined. Scenarios 1–6 used first‐generation sugar for IBN fermentation and scenarios 7–9 use cereal straw‐based second‐generation sugar. The scenarios also differ in their process energy source. The savings in Global Warming Potential for first‐generation IBN are up to 68% (scenario 1); for second‐generation IBN, the savings reach 105% if an avoided burden approach for utilizing lignin as an energy source is applied (scenario 8). It is found that applying renewable process energy is a prerequisite to maximizing greenhouse gas savings. Special attention has to be drawn to the eutrophication potential, were none of the scenarios show savings. This is driven by sugar crop cultivation owing to fertilizer usage, thermal energy from solid biomass or natural gas due to NOx emissions and nutrient use for fermentation (e.g. ammonia). Scenarios 4, 7 and 8 show savings in the acidification potential compared with fossil IBN. A driver of acidification is biomass‐based process energy generation, mainly due to SO2 and NOx emissions from biomass combustion. In contrast, all scenarios show a better environmental performance concerning the freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential, the abiotic depletion and the photochemical ozone creation potential. Process development should focus on conversion efficiencies and a fully renewable process energy supply. © 2022 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Fast preparation of Eu(BTB) MOFs in dielectric barrier discharge liquid plasma for luminescent sensing of trace iron
Authors: Hou Xin , Wen Xiaohui , He Juan , Hou Xiandeng
Published: September 2022

Lanthanide metal–organic frameworks Eu(BTB) MOFs was synthesized in low‐temperature plasma produced by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). This DBD synthesis possesses the characteristics of rapid reaction (within 20 min), mild condition (low temperature and atmospheric pressure) and simple operation compared with many traditional synthesis methods. The prepared Eu(BTB) MOF material exhibits typical red light emitting of europium (Eu3+) at 617 nm, which can selectively and sensitively be quenched in the presence of trace iron(III) ion (Fe3+). A simple, fast and sensitive fluorescence sensing strategy of Fe3+ was thus constructed, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 μM. Compared with reported fluorescence probes, Eu(BTB) MOFs have also demonstrated the advantages of low cost, easy and fast preparation, great stability, and excellent optical properties, thus making them a promising fluorescence candidate for trace Fe3+ sensing for the potential application in biological systems in the future.
The association between trait anxiety and the fear of being laughed at in college: A preliminary study with a Brazilian sample
Authors: Rêgo Tainá S. , Pires Diógenes E. S. , Melo Eline M. , Aristizabal Juan‐Pablo , Pereira Antonio
Published: September 2022

Aim

To evaluate how gelotophobia correlates with trait anxiety in a sample of Brazilian college students.

Methods

We evaluated the association of GELOPH < 15 > scores with both self‐reported experiences of bullying victimization and trait anxiety measures assessed by the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The study consisted of a sample of 65 adult volunteers (M = 21.48, SD = 2.54 years, 38 females), recruited through social media or flyer distribution, and submitted to online versions of the gelotophobia assessment instrument (GELOPH < 15 >) and the STAI.

Results

Most participants (N = 56, 86.15%) had an STAI‐T score indicative of high trait anxiety. The average GELOPH < 15 > score of the sample was 2.69 (0.65) and 39 of the subjects (60%) were considered gelotophobes. There was a strong positive correlation between the GELOPH < 15 > and STAI‐T scores but no correlation between bullying and either the STAI‐T and GELOPH < 15 > scores. However, the great majority of subjects with gelotophobia reported been previously bullied.

Conclusion

In our sample, all gelotophobes had trait anxiety, but only a fraction of anxious subjects had gelotophobia. These preliminary findings expand on previous reports underscoring the high prevalence of mental health problems afflicting higher education students in Brazil.
How and when does personal life orientation predict well‐being?
Authors: Gillet Nicolas , Morin Alexandre J. S. , Huyghebaert‐Zouaghi Tiphaine , Austin Stéphanie , Fernet Claude
Published: September 2022

We examined the direct and indirect––as mediated by job satisfaction––effects of personal life orientation on life satisfaction. We also examined whether these direct and indirect associations differed between employees working onsite or remotely. Using data from 432 employees (152 working onsite and 280 working remotely), our results revealed that personal life orientation was positively related to life satisfaction and negatively related to job satisfaction. Moreover, both of these direct associations were stronger among onsite employees than among remote employees. As a result, the indirect effects of personal life orientation on life satisfaction were significantly mediated by job satisfaction among employees working onsite, but not among employees working remotely. This study thus reveals that working remotely may act as a double‐edged sword by buffering the negative effects of personal life orientation on job satisfaction, but also by limiting the positive effects of personal life orientation on life satisfaction.
Detection of talcum powder content in wheat flour by near infrared spectroscopy based on multilevel feature selection
Authors: Du Chengsi , Sun Laijun , Bai Hongyi , Zhao Zhide , Wang Jiaying , Bai Songning
Published: September 2022

In this study, the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology was used to quantitatively detect talcum powder in 82 wheat flour samples. Based on anomaly detection, sample division, and spectral preprocessing, four models were established to predict the content of talcum powder in wheat flour. Among them, the performance of Bayesian ridge regression (BRR) combined with second derivative (2D) was proved to be the best. In addition, 46 effective features were selected using a multilevel feature method combining improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA). At this time, the coefficient of determination (R2_PRE), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), and relative percent difference (RPD) values of the BRR model on the prediction set reached 0.9802, 0.8914, and 6.9263. The results showed that NIRS technology was feasible in detecting the content of talcum powder in wheat flour. At the same time, the effectiveness of multilevel method was better than that of single‐level method, and the performance of improved POS was better than that of PSO.
Potassium Acetate/18‐Crown‐6 Pair: Robust and Versatile Catalyst for Synthesis of Polyols from Ring‐Opening Copolymerization of Epoxides and Cyclic Anhydrides†
Authors: Dou Xiaoqing , Liu Xiao‐Hui , Wang Bin , Li Yue‐Sheng
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Efficient synthesis of polyester polyols with tunable molecular weight and microstructures from cyclic anhydride/epoxide mixtures by taking advantage of chain transfer reaction remains a great challenge, because most of the catalysts exhibit poor tolerance to chain transfer agent (CTA). In this contribution, we demonstrated that potassium acetate (KOAc) and 18‐crown‐6 (18‐C‐6) combination has great potential in the synthesis of diverse polyester polyols with controllable molecular weight and high‐end group fidelity. Compared with KOAc, KOAc/18‐C‐6 pair could induce a much faster chain transfer between the active and dormant chains, and thus produce polyester polyols with narrow and monomodal distribution. In addition, polyester polyols could be efficiently prepared in laboratory by using commercially available cyclic anhydride without further purification (containing about 2% diacid residual as CTA) with an extremely low catalyst loading ([catalyst pair] : [anhydride] : [epoxide] = 1 : 50000 : 250000, [catalyst pair] = 0.0004 mol%). KOAc/18‐C‐6 could also promote the self‐switchable copolymerization of cyclic anhydride/epoxide/cyclic ester mixtures. Ring‐ opening copolymerization of cyclic ester was initiated automatically after the full conversion of cyclic anhydride, finally producing polyester polyols with ABA‐type block structure.
Epithelial PD‐L1 expression at tumor front predicts overall survival in a cohort of oral squamous cell carcinomas from Sudan
Authors: Gaafar Nuha M. , Osman Tarig Al‐Hadi , Elsheikh Mariam , Ahmed Israa Abdulrahman , Dongre Harsh , Fromreide Siren , Suleiman Ahmed M. , Johannessen Anne C. , Nginamau Elisabeth S. , Costea Daniela‐Elena
Published: September 2022

Background

We recently described the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) from Sudan by assessing the core of the lesions. However, the invasive tumor front (ITF) is the most active part of OSCC lesions; thus, TIME should also be characterized at the ITF in this patient cohort.

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate patterns of immune cell infiltration at the ITF in a cohort of OSCC patients from Sudan previously investigated at the tumor center and their association with clinicopathological parameters.

Methods

This study was performed on a prospective cohort of 22 OSCC patients attending Khartoum Dental Teaching Hospital with a median follow‐up of 48 months. Inflammatory infiltrate densities of CD4‐, CD8‐, FoxP3‐, CD20‐, CD66b‐, M1 (CD80/CD68)‐, M2 (CD163/CD68)‐, and PD‐L1‐positive cells were assessed at the ITF by immunohistochemistry, followed by digital quantitative analysis at the stromal and epithelial compartments separately. Histopathological parameters such as the worst pattern of invasion, differentiation, and tumor budding (TB) were also assessed. Correlations between clinicopathological parameters and survival analysis were investigated using SPSS.

Results

All inflammatory cell subsets investigated were found to be higher in the stromal compartment as compared to the epithelial one, except for the PD‐L1+ subset. Stromal infiltration with the CD8+ cell subset was associated with low TB. Kaplan–Meier analyses identified higher epithelial and stromal CD4+ cell subsets. The presence of PD‐L1 was found to be associated with unfavorable overall survival. Further, Cox's regression analysis using an age‐ and tumor‐stage‐adjusted model identified epithelial PD‐L1 expression at the ITF as the only independent prognosticator.

Conclusions

Epithelial PD‐L1 expression at the ITF was found to be an independent prognostic biomarker for OSCC in a cohort of Sudanese patients.
Inhibition of ROCK ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing M2 macrophage polarisation through phosphorylation of STAT3
Authors: Li Qingfang , Cheng Yuan , Zhang Zhe , Bi Zhenfei , Ma Xuelei , Wei Yuquan , Wei Xiawei
Published: September 2022

Background

Emerging evidence provides mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and rare anti‐PF therapeutic method has promising effect in its treatment. Rho‐associated coiled‐coil kinases (ROCK) inhibition significantly ameliorates bleomycin‐induced PF and decreases macrophage infiltration, but the mechanism remains unclear. We established bleomycin and radiation‐induced PF to identify the activity of WXWH0265, a newly designed unselective ROCK inhibitor in regulating macrophages.

Methods

Bleomycin‐induced PF was induced by intratracheal instillation and radiation‐induced PF was induced by bilateral thoracic irradiation. Histopathological techniques (haematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemistry) and hydroxyproline were used to evaluate PF severity. Western blot, quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) were used to verify their therapeutic effect. Clodronate liposomes were applied to deplete macrophages and to identify the therapeutic effect of WXWH0265.

Results

Therapeutic administration of ROCK inhibitor ameliorates bleomycin‐induced PF by inhibiting M2 macrophages polarisation. ROCK inhibitor showed no significant anti‐fibrotic effect in macrophages‐depleted mice. Treatment with WXWH0265 demonstrated superior protection effect in bleomycin‐induced PF compared with positive drugs. In radiation‐induced PF, ROCK inhibitor effectively ameliorated PF. Fibroblasts co‐cultured with supernatant from various M2 macrophages phenotypes revealed that M2 macrophages stimulated by interleukin‐4 promoted extracellular matrix production. Polarisation of M2 macrophages was inhibited by ROCK inhibitor treatment in vitro. The p‐signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in lung tissue and BMDMs was significantly decreased in PF in vivo and vitro after treated with ROCK inhibitors.

Conclusion

Inhibiting ROCK could significantly attenuate bleomycin‐ and radiation‐induced PF by regulating the macrophages polarisation via phosphorylation of STAT3. WXWH0265 is a kind of efficient unselective ROCK inhibitor in ameliorating PF. Furthermore, the results provide empirical evidence that ROCK inhibitor, WXWH0265 is a potential drug to prevent the development of PF.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of perampanel in children diagnosed with epilepsy: Focus on influencing factors on the plasma concentration‐to‐dose ratio
Authors: Li Yue , Dong Na , Qin Yu‐Xin , Dai Hao‐Ran , Hu Ya‐Hui , Zhao Yue‐Tao , Guo Hong‐Li , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Chen Jing , Lu Xiao‐Peng , Chen Feng
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of perampanel (PER) therapy and to optimize a specific plasma reference range for PER in children. Another major aim was to evaluate the potential determinators of PER concentration.

Methods

Concentrations obtained from 80 children were analyzed for routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) between 2021 and 2022. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of these patients and assessed the efficacy at 3 months after treatment initiation. Trough concentration‐to‐dose ratio (C0/Dose ratio) of PER was compared among patients on various potential influencing factors.

Results

A 3‐month PER therapy produced a ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency in 58.8% of patients. Twelve patients reported at least one adverse effect (AE), mainly dizziness. The monitoring data showed that the median C0 was 325.5 ng/mL. Under maintenance dosages, approximately 75% of the C0 values were 180.0‐610.0 ng/mL. The C0/Dose ratio in patients aged 1 to <4 was significantly lower by twofold than in those aged 4 to ≤12 years (P = 0.001). Enzyme‐inducing ASMs (EIASMs) decreased the C0/Dose ratio of PER by 25.9% (P = 0.165). In addition, seizure frequency reduction in responders was achieved at a median PER C0 value of 357 ng/mL, which was similar to the value of 314 ng/mL found in nonresponders (P = 0.288). No significant difference was found in PER C0 values between patients with and without AEs (P = 0.082).

Significance

In this study, PER treatment showed acceptable efficacy and tolerance in Chinese children with epilepsy. Contributing factors like age to variable C0/Dose ratios were identified, and complex PER‐ASMs interactions were observed. Notably, the reference range, that is, 180.0‐610.0 ng/mL, for routine PER monitoring may be more applicable for them. Routine TDM should be considered a positive attempt to manage the effectiveness and safety of PER.
European consumer and societal stakeholders' response to crop improvements and new plant breeding techniques
Authors: Nair Abhishek , Fischer Arnout R. H. , Moscatelli Silvana , Socaciu Carmen , Kohl Christian , Stetkiewicz Stacia S. , Menary Jonathan , Baekelandt Alexandra , Nanda Amrit K. , Jorasch Petra , Davies Jessica A. C. , Wilhelm Ralf
Published: September 2022

The global demand for providing nutritious, sustainable, and safe diets for a 10 billion population by 2050 while preserving affordability, reducing environmental impacts, and adapting to climate change will require accelerating the transition to sustainable agri‐food systems. A plausible way to help tackle these challenges is by developing new plant varieties that have improved crop yield, plant nutritional quality, and sustainability (or resilience) traits. However, stakeholders, consumers, and citizens' concerns and appreciation of future‐proofing crops and the acceptability of new plant breeding strategies are not well‐established. These groups are actors in the agri‐food systems, and their views, values, needs, and expectations are crucial in helping to co‐design fair, ethical, acceptable, sustainable, and socially desirable policies on new plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) and the transition to sustainable agri‐food systems. In this study, we engaged with consumer experts and societal stakeholders to consider their perceptions, expectations, and acceptability of improving crops and NPBTs for future‐proofing the agri‐food systems. Our analysis points to a need for governments to take a proactive role in regulating NPBTs, ensure openness and transparency in breeding new crop varieties, and inform consumers about the effects of these breeding programmes and the risks and benefits of the new crop varieties developed. Consumer experts and societal stakeholders considered these strategies necessary to instil confidence in society about NPBTs and accelerate the transition to sustainable agri‐food systems.
Partial laryngectomy for naïve pT3N0 laryngeal cancer: Systematic review on oncological outcomes
Authors: Campo Flaminia , Mazzola Francesco , Bianchi Giulia , Manciocco Valentina , Ralli Massimo , Greco Antonio , Sperduti Isabella , de Vincentiis Marco , Pellini Raul
Published: September 2022

The first aim was to define the oncologic outcomes of open partial laryngectomy (OPL) in naïve pT3 laryngeal cancer. The second aim was to analyze the outcomes after OPL versus total laryngectomy (TL). A literature search was conducted in three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) until January 2022. In 805 patients treated with OPL, 5‐year OS, DSS, DFS and LFS were 80.5% (95% CI 70.6–87.6), 83.4% (95% CI 75.7–89), 77.4% (95% CI 66.3–85.7) and 77.9% (95% CI 68.7–85), respectively. Three articles compared TL versus OLP: 5‐year OS, DSS and DFS risk difference were 0.100 (95% CI −0.092 to 0.291), 0.067 (95% CI −0.085 to 0.220) and 0.018 (95% CI −0.164 to 0.201) respectively. OPL for selected pT3 laryngeal cancer is able to guarantee a high percentage of oncological success. Accurate patient selection is of utmost importance to differentiate advanced disease amenable to conservative surgery.
Hippocampal neurogenesis promotes effortful responding but does not regulate effort‐based choice
Authors: Seib Désirée R. , Princz‐Lebel Oren , Chahley Erin R. , Floresco Stan B. , Snyder Jason S.
Published: September 2022

A fundamental trait of depression is low motivation. Hippocampal neurogenesis has been associated with motivational deficits but detailed evidence on how it regulates human‐relevant behavioral traits is still missing. We used the hGFAP‐TK rat model to deplete actively dividing neural stem cells in the rat hippocampus. Use of the effort‐discounting operant task allowed us to identify specific and detailed deficits in motivation behavior. In this task, rats are given a choice between small and large food rewards, where 2–20 lever presses are required to obtain the large reward (four sugar pellets) versus one press to receive the smaller reward (two sugar pellets). We found that depleting adult neurogenesis did not affect effort‐based choice or general motivation to complete the task. However, lack of adult neurogenesis reduced the pressing rate and thus increased time to complete the required presses to obtain a reward. In summary, the present study finds that adult hippocampal neurogenesis specifically reduces response vigor to obtain rewards and thus deepens our understanding in how neurogenesis shapes depression.