bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teratoma of left lobe of liver in adolescent female: A rare case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Xiaoyi , Liang Jiale , Han Jingzhao , Wang Chuncheng , Wang Zepu , Tuo Hongfang
Published: April 2022

Background: Teratoma is the most common germ cell tumor, and the incidence varies greatly in different age, gender, and tissues, among which, the mature teratoma of the liver is exceedingly rare. For the present, there are fewer than 50 cases of primary hepatic teratomas reported in English literature, especially the left lobe teratoma, with a lower incidence. At present, histological examination can make a definitive diagnosis for the disease along with the assessment of maturity. Surgical resection is widely adopted as the best treatment scheme.Case presentation: A 17-year-old female complained that the liver occupied over 2 years. No obvious symptoms and special abnormalities were revealed on physical examination. She suffered from anemia and the anemia recovered after a blood transfusion. After completing tumor markers, ultrasonography (US) of abdomen, abdomen plain computed tomography (CT) scan and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the tumor was tentatively judged as benign tumor of the liver, which was detected located in the left lobe of the liver with cystic structure. Histological examination confirmed mature teratoma. The patient recovered. Nevertheless, tendency of recurrence and deterioration were hard to evaluate due to the short follow-up. Conclusion: Mature hepatic teratomas are extremely rare. The accumulation of further cases is necessary to help recognize the histology, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease.
Cooperative diffusion in body-centred cubic iron at Earth and super-Earth inner-core conditions
Authors: Ghosh Maitrayee , Zhang Shuai , Hu Suxing
Published: April 2022

The physical chemistry of iron at inner-core conditions is key to understanding the evolution and habitability of Earth-like planets. Based on full first-principles simulations, we report cooperative diffusion along the longitudinally fast〈111〉directions of body-centred cubic (bcc) iron in temperature ranges of 2000-4000 K below the melting curve and pressures up to 3 TPa. The diffusion is due to low energy barriers in the corresponding direction and accompanied by mechanical and dynamic stability of bcc iron. With the assistance of the diffusion, bcc iron demonstrates strong elastic anisotropy and variations with temperature and pressure, which is consistent with several seismological signatures of the Earth’s inner core, particularly the positive correlation between P wave velocity and attenuation. This finding also has implications for nucleation and growth of the inner core and suggests the exotic state and properties of iron need to be considered in future geophysical and planetary models.
Material characterization and thickness measurement of iron particle reinforced polyurethane multi-layer coating for aircraft stealth applications using THz-Time Domain Spectroscopy
Authors: Latha A. Mercy , Unnikrishnakurup Sreedhar , Jain Abhinandan , Pathra M. K. , Balasubramaniam Krishnan
Published: April 2022

Particle reinforced polymer matrix composites (PMC) are widely used in the military aviation industry as a stealth coating for incident radar attenuation. These coatings are made up of many layers of different materials with varying thicknesses. In this study, we used terahertz (THz) spectral range by means of time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) to examine the thickness of iron particle reinforced polyurethane Radar Absorbing Paint (FE-PU-RAP) composite coatings non-destructively. For accurate estimation of the individual layer thickness in multi-layer coatings, precise knowledge of the material properties of the individual layers is a prerequisite. Hence, standalone samples of the individual layers have been initially employed to extract the material properties, such as the refractive index, absorption coefficient, etc. Then, the accurate thickness estimation by the time-of-flight measurement principle has been carried out using the reflected THz pulses. Further, since the individual reflected pulses from the multi-layered sample are overlapping in nature due to the optically thin coating thickness, a sparse deconvolution technique has been utilized for extracting each individual reflected time instant. The scattering from the iron particles also provides a challenge to the identification of the interface signals. This was addressed by optimizing the regularization parameter in the sparse deconvolution algorithm. With this technique, accurate estimation of each of the individual layers in the multi-layer sample has been accomplished, otherwise difficult non-destructively.
Women empowerment and Health insurance utilisation in Rwanda: a nationwide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Kawuki Joseph , Gatasi Ghislaine , Sserwanja Quraish
Published: April 2022

Background: Health insurance coverage is one of the several measures being implemented to reduce the inequity in access to quality health services among the vulnerable groups. Moreover, women empowerment has been viewed as a cost-effective strategy for the reduction of maternal and child morbidity and mortality, as it enables women tackle the barriers to accessing healthcare. Our study aims at examining the prevalence of health insurance utilisation and its association with women empowerment among Rwandan women. Methods: We used Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) 2020 data of 14,634 women aged 15 to 49 years. Multistage stratified sampling was used to select study participants and we conducted multivariable logistic regression to establish the association between women empowerment and health insurance utilisation using SPSS version 25. Results: Out of the 14,634 women, 12095 (82.6%) (95% CI: 82.0-83.2) were using or had subscribed to health insurance, and the majority (77.2%) were covered by mutual/community organization insurance. Women empowerment indicators significantly associated with health insurance utilisation were; exposure to mass media, decision making and economic empowerment. Low decision making (AOR=1.195, 95% CI: 0.897-1.592), and low economic empowerment (AOR=1.128, 95% CI: 0.986-1.290) had a positive association with health insurance coverage, while high exposure to media had a negative association (AOR=0.664, 95% CI: 0.522-0.845). Other factors that were significant include; educational level, wealth index, residence, region, household size, and household head.Conclusions: Improving women's access to health facilities as well as media material tailored to the specific knowledge gaps could significantly increase enrolment rates of Rwandan women to health insurance.
Investigation of Seasonal Variation of Indoor Radon-222 Concentration
Authors: Belete Guadie Degu , Shiferaw Aragaw Msganaw
Published: April 2022

Inhalation and ingestion are the two main routes upon which human beings are exposed to radon and its decay products. Due to the electrostatics nature, radon can attach to solid particles and aerosols in the surrounding air. During the inhalation of these radioactive aerosols deposition will be takes place in different regions of the human respiratory tract. The deposited aerosols carrying radon and its progeny undergo a continuous radioactive transformation and exposing the lung to the ionizing alpha radiation which can destroy sensitive cells in the lung causing a mutation that turns to cancerous. Radon which is colorless, odorless and tasteless radioactive noble gas is the major health concern which is the second leading cause of lung cancer. In this concern, indoor radon survey has been conducted in many countries in the world. The result of these surveys shows that indoor radon concentration has a seasonal variation. This is due to the fluctuation of environmental parameters and geological nature of the building. Its concentration was found maximum in cool (winter) season and minimum concentration was recorded in warm (summer) season of the year.
Improvement in texture and color of soy protein isolate gel containing capsorubin and carotenoid emulsions following microwave heating
Authors: Wang Shengnan , Li Yangyang , Liu Xiulin , Zhao Guilan , Yang Lina , Zhu Lijie , Liu He
Published: April 2022

The effects of capsorubin and carotenoid emulsions on the properties of soybean protein isolate (SPI) gels were studied following microwave heating. The data confirmed that emulsions have a protective effect on the capsorubin and carotenoid. Rheological properties and the texture of SPI gels were investigated. All SPI gels showed shear–thinning behavior, and the viscosity, G′ and G″ of SPI gels containing capsorubin and carotenoid emulsions was significantly higher than gels with added pigment aqueous solution. These results illustrate that the SPI gels containing emulsions tend to form a gel–like structure and were in a state of elastic dominance. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) methods were used to investigate the interaction between SPI and soybean soluble polysaccharide (SSPS) in the gels structure, confirming that the SPI gels have a more continuous, folded and uniformly dense three–dimensional network structure. Most importantly, the chain entanglements between proteins and polysaccharides became even tighter due to microwave heating. The overall results suggested that the emulsion had an excellent protective effect on the capsorubin and carotenoid and was beneficial to the application of pigments in food and supplements.
Anterior mediastinal seminoma with myasthenia gravis: A rare case report and literature review
Authors: WEN YEN-CHANG , HSIA JIUN-YI , KE TUAN-YING , HSU JENG-DONG
Published: April 2022

Background:Myasthenia gravis may be associated with thymic follicular hyperplasia or thymomas. We present a case of an anterior mediastinal tumor with myasthenia gravis, which turned out to be seminoma. We also review the literature on seminoma with myasthenia gravis in this article.Case presentation:A 34-year-old man presented to our hospital with a complaint of diplopia. Single fiber electromyography revealed ocular myasthenia gravis; chest computed tomography showed a 1.5 cm anterior mediastinum nodule suspected as thymoma. The patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy. Histopathological findings revealed seminoma with thymic follicular hyperplasia.Conclusion:Anterior mediastinal seminoma with thymic follicular hyperplasia is rare and extremely rare with associated myasthenia gravis. Though rare, young male patient with anterior mediastinal tumor and myasthenia gravis, thymic seminoma is one possible cause. Testicular examination can be taken into consideration before operation.
Cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid and serum as biomarkers are associated with the diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of neurosyphilis
Authors: Zhang Xiao Ying , Gesang Meiduo , Wu Sha , Chen Jie Fang , Wang Zheng , Chi Shu Mei , Jin Man , Song Ming Fen , Wang Shu Qi
Published: April 2022

Background
Neurosyphilis remains a chronic infectious disease within central nervous system infected by Treponema pallidum (TP). At present, the diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of neurosyphilis still facing clinical challenges. It has been reported that cytokines, which play multiple roles in neuroinflammation, showed abnormal expression patterns in neurosyphilis. To search for potential biomarkers of neurosyphilis, we analyzed the changes of cytokine profiles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of neurosyphilis. This may provide insight into clinical values for neurosyphilis.
Methods
Using the quantitative antibody array platform, we measured 80 cytokines expression in the CSF and serum of 16 subjects. 9 patients diagnosed with neurosyphilis, included samples before and after antibiotic treatment. 7 patients with non-inflammatory neurological diseases (NIND) were used as controls. Compared to the differences in cytokine expression between groups and analyzed to the correlations between cytokines and clinical CSF parameters. The ability of valuable biomarkers to diagnosis of neurosyphilis was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
Results
We observed significantly increased of multiple cytokines (26/80) in CSF of neurosyphilis were significantly increased compared to the NIND group. Concentrations of 15 cytokines were significantly decreased after treatment, of which 11 cytokines were down regulated to the levels were similar to the NIND group. Most CSF cytokine concentrations consistently correlated with clinical parameters, positively related to white blood cells (WBCs, 42/80), total protein (36/80), and albumin quotient (Qalb, 37/80) and negatively related to Glucose level (22/80). More than 40 cytokines concentrations correlated with each other in CSF, most of them were positively correlated. But correlations between CSF cytokine and serum cytokine values were scarce (6/80). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of G-CSF, ICAM-1, CCL4, CCL19 and IL-12p40 in CSF were all greater than 0.9, with high diagnostic values.
Conclusions
Our data showed that multiple CSF cytokines were highly expressed of neurosyphilis, and their levels were significantly reduced after antibiotic treatment. Meanwhile, these cytokines were significantly correlated with various CSF parameters. The AUCs of G-CSF, ICAM-1, CCL4, CCL19 and IL-12p40 were all greater than 0.9, suggesting that these cytokines may serve as potential biomarkers for neurosyphilis. Unfortunately, more meaningful results were not observed in the analysis at the serum level. Therefore, along with previous related reports, it is believed that CSF measures are irreplaceable in the current clinical diagnosis, and the combined dynamic detection of multiple cytokines such as G-CSF, ICAM-1, CCL4, CCL19 and IL-12p40 in CSF can serve as a supplementary diagnostic tool for neurosyphilis.
Co/Ni/Al-LTH layered triple hydroxides with zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) as high efficient removal of diazinon from aqueous solution
Authors: Samadi-Maybodi Abdolraouf , Ghezel-Sofla Hashem
Published: April 2022

Today, high consumption and increasing use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers to control pests of agricultural products, and the entry of these pollutants into the environment, is one of the most important environmental and health problems. Their non-biodegradability, as well as their toxicity and carcinogenicity, have generally made these compounds one of the most dangerous pollutants that cause inevitable pollution of the environmental.Among the various methods used to remove agricultural pesticide residues from the water sources, the adsorption method has received more attention due to its simplicity, cost and higher efficiency.In this research, nanocomposite of Co/Ni/Al-LTH@ZIF-8 was synthesized by in-situ growth of ZIF-8 on the Co/Ni/Al-LTH and used for the removal of diazinon pesticide from aqueous solution. Characterizations of the nanocomposite were performed by various techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Statistical evaluation was studied by BOX-Behnken design. In addition, the response surface methodology was used to optimize the factors affecting on the adsorption process. Parameters such as adsorbent dose (mg), pH, and contact time (min) were considered in this experiment. Results revealed that the removal efficiency of diazinon was significantly improve (from 64% to 84%) by loading ZIF-8 on the Co/Ni/Al-LTH. Statistical studies showed the optimum conditions achieved under pH=6.9, adsorbent dosage 25 mg, and contact time 12 min.
Identification and comparison of two risk models based on characteristic gene sets of breast cancer for predictive prognosis
Authors: Ma Chaoqun , Yu Ying , Chen Jiaying , Yao Chang , Bian Weihe , Wang Cong , Ye Bei , Shen Tong , Guo Mengmeng , Zhang Xiping , Cao Shihan
Published: April 2022

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the main causes of cancer related deaths in women, and also has a high mortality rate in men, resulting in great healthy problems worldwide. Because of its low cure rate, poor late prognosis, and high mortality, it is of great significance to find new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.Methods: In this study, 1030 cases of BCs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were obtained for differential expression analysis and short time-series expression miner (STEM) analysis to identify the BC development characteristic genes, divided into up-regulated genes and down-regulated genes with the development of BC. Two predictive prognosis models were both defined by Lasso. Survival analysis and ROC curve analysis were used respectively to determine the diagnostic and prognostic abilities of the two gene set models scores. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to determine whether the risk models are independent prognostic indicators and whether our models are better than the present clinicopathological features in prognosis.Results: Our findings from this study suggest both the breast cancer unfavorable (BC1) and the breast cancer favorable (BC2) gene sets are reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis and independent biomarkers for predictive prognosis of BC, while BC1 model presents better diagnostic and prognostic value than BC2 model. Associations between the models and macrophages M2, the sensitivity to Bortezomib were also found, implying that the BC unfavorable genes are significantly involved in the tumor immune microenvironment of BC.Conclusion: In conclusion, we successfully established two predictive prognosis models based on characteristic gene sets of BC, and one prognosis model (BC1) to diagnosis and predict the survival time of BC patients using a cluster of 12 DEGs. Additionally, the high infiltration of macrophages M2 and high sensitivity to Bortezomib in high risk group scored by our risk models provided theoretical support for further basic and clinical research on the tumor immune microenvironment of BC.
Evaluation of Serum Vegf - A and Interleukin 6 as Predictors of Angiogenesis During Peri-Implantation Period Assessed by Transvaginal Doppler Ultrasonography Amongst Women of Prior Reproductive Failure.
Authors: Nair Priya , Shrivastava Deepti
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND
Infertility is a wide spectrum of disorder affecting many couples and is defined as the inability of a couple to achieve pregnancy. A series of investigations are required to know the reason behind infertility, yet a small percentage (08–37%) of couples exist, in which no obvious cause is delineated. Infertility causes enormous emotional, physiological, psychological, sexual, social and financial burden on family. Different hormones, growth factors and interleukins are responsible for successful ovulation, implantation and further growth of embryo. Endometrial receptivity is an important predictor of the outcome of implantation and further growth of embryo.
METHOD
The study would be conducted in a tertiary care centre over a period of two years from July 2022 till July 2024 on non-pregnant unexplained infertile women (63) who will undergo In Vitro Fertilisation and Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET) in the following cycle and the result will be compared with the fertile women (21) with same demographic features. The levels of serum Vascular Endothelial Growth factor – A, Interleukin- 6 will be measured on day 21 of the menstrual cycle in both the group, simultaneously, transvaginal ultrasonography and doppler findings will be measured in both groups to see for endometrial receptivity. The values will be compared for any significance.
RESULTS
The values of Serum VEGF-a, IL6 and Doppler findings will be compared between fertile and infertile group to see for significance difference. The main reason behind doing research on this topic is to find a more cost effective, non-invasive and less time-consuming technique to find Endometrial Receptivity as compared to invasive Endometrial Receptivity Analysis (ERA) Technique. Also, a new scoring system will be developed considering these 3 parameters of endometrial receptivity (PREDICGIO scoring system) for better analysis of endometrial receptivity and to determine the method to be used in patients of infertility for getting pregnancy without much financial burden.
Fear of cancer recurrence and hope level in patients receiving surgery for non-small cell lung cancer : A study on the mediation role of social support
Authors: Liu Yan , Liu Man , Liu Lu , Zhang Shuoning , Li Ting , Ma Fengyan
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To study the level of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) in patients receiving surgery for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and explore related factors, so as to improve the hope level in this population, help enhance the confidence to defeat the disease and thereby increase the quality of life.Methods: A total of 327 postoperative NSCLC patients from the National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College were enrolled. All participants filled in General Questionnaire, Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), Herth Hope Index (HHI) Scale, and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Results: The mean FoP-Q-SF score was (30.3 ± 9.48) points in postoperative NSCLC patients, and that ≥ 34 points was reported by 188 patients (57.5%). Patient gender and family income were independent risk factors for FCR (both p<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a negative association between FCR and hope level (p<0.05) while a positive association between hope level and social support (p<0.05). Notably, the social support played a mediation role between FCR and hope level in patients receiving surgery for NSCLC (contribution effect: 30.24%). Conclusion: Postoperative NSCLC patients experience a moderate-level of FCR, especially the females and those with a low family income. Social support plays a partial mediation role between the FCR and hope level in this population. In that way, increase in the level of social support can elevate the hope level in patients, thereby decreasing the level of FCR and advancing recovery.
HMGB1 recruits NK cells by CXCL12/CXCR4 axis contributing to persistent airway inﬂammation and AHR during the later stage of RSV infection
Authors: Chen Sisi , Tang Wei , Yu Guangyuan , Liu Enmei
Published: April 2022

Our previous studies have shown that both high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and natural killer cells (NK cells) contribute to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) induced persistent airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Meanwhile, Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its receptor chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) were reported to play important roles in recruitment of immune cells. The relationships between them were unclear. We investigated whether HMGB1 can recruit NK cells by CXCL12/CXCR4 axis, thereby mediating RSV induced persistent airway disorders. Anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody and inhibitor of CXCR4 (AMD3100) were administered to observe the change of the percentage of NK cells and the airway disorders in nude mice. In the study, we found that mRNA and protein expression of HMGB1 were elevated in the later stage of RSV infection and persistent airway inflammation and AHR were diminished after administration of anti-HMGB1 antibodies with NK cells decreased significantly. At the same time, CXCL12 and CXCR4 were reduced after HMGB1 blockade. Treatment with AMD3100 was found to significantly suppress the recruitment of NK cells and alleviate the airway disorders. Therefore, HMGB1 recruits NK cells by CXCL12/CXCR4 axis contributing to persistent airway inflammation and AHR during the later stage of RSV infection.
Functional imaging and targeted drug delivery in mice and patient tumors with a cell nucleolus-localizing and tumor-targeting peptide
Authors: Jing Renwei , Wang Qian , Chen Lu , Li Guangtao , Li Ruibin , Zhang Leijie , Zhang Hongbing , Zuo Bingfeng , Seow Yiqi , Qiao Xin , Xu Jingyuan , Chen Jun , Song Tianqiang , Yin HaiFang
Published: April 2022

Tumor-targeting peptides have profound clinical implications in early detection and delineation of microscopic lesions for surgical resection, and also delivery of therapeutics with reduced systemic toxicity. Here, we demonstrate that a peptide (RS), selected from a rationally-designed variant library of a reported hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-targeting peptide P47, enables discrimination of HCC from noncancerous tissues in orthotopic HCC mice and patient biopsies, and delineation of micrometastases in lung, with up to 21-fold contrast between tumor and surrounding liver, significantly higher than P47. Importantly, RS targets non-small cell lung (NSCLC) and colon cancers in mice and patient biopsies, with higher selectivity for highly proliferative tumor nodules. Moreover, RS localizes to cell nucleoli of HCC, NSCLC, breast, colon and cervical cancer cells and induces cell nucleolar stress when conjugated with chemotherapeutic Oxaliplatin (OXA) (RS-OXA), demonstrating both cellular and subcellular targeting. RS-delivered OXA elicits significant tumor retardation in orthotopic HCC mice with markedly reduced systemic toxicity compared to OXA alone. Injection of fluorescence-labeled RS enables dynamic visualization of tumor growth in RS-OXA-treated subcutaneous HCC mice. Our study demonstrates that RS targets a spectrum of tumors and localizes to cell nucleolus, and enables functional imaging and targeted delivery of OXA in HCC mice, and thus provides a versatile tool for tumor imaging and targeted therapeutics.
Research on Cavitation Effect of Microtextured Array
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Yan Zhijun , Zhang Shengwei , Sun Haocheng , Shen Ziyu
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the surface texture parameters and distribution patterns are studied by numerical simulation and experiment. First, a three-dimensional micro-textured CFD fluid lubrication model with cavitation effect is established, and different texture arrays are designed to study the influence of different distribution modes on bearing capacity, friction coefficient and pressure distribution of the oil film. Then, the simulation results are further analyzed and verified by the visualized plane slider experimental platform, and the formation rules of cavitation bubbles in the micro-textured array, as well as the influences of the surface shape and different distribution modes of the micro-textured array on the cavitation bubbles are discussed. The results show that the existence of cavitation is one of the main reasons for the microtexture to increase the bearing capacity of the oil film, which cannot be ignored in the simulation study. The texture array with single symmetric orientation is the best to improve the oil film bearing capacity, and the bearing performance is the best when the texture inclination angle is 26.6°.The friction coefficient of the asymmetrically oriented textured array is 29.4% lower than that of the non-textured sample.The results in the experiment are consistent with the simulation.
Analyzing Information Proliferation and Opinion Evolution in Social Networks using Nature-Inspired Algorithms
Authors: Uthirapathy Samson Ebenezar , Sandanam Domnic
Published: April 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Integrating cell interaction with transcript factors to obtain a robust gene panel for prognostic prediction and therapies in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Tingjie , Xu Chuanrui , Xu Dan , Yang Xiaofei , Liu Yaxin , Li Xiujuan , Li Zihang , Dang Ningxin , Zhang Zhijing , Ye Kai
Published: April 2022

Background
The efficacy of immunotherapy in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is blocked by its high degree of tumor heterogeneity.
Methods
We constructed empirical Bayes and Markov random field models to calculate transcription factors, interaction genes, and associated signaling pathways involved in cell-cell communication using single cell RNAseq data. Then, we analyzed the immune exhaustion mechanism in the CCA progression.
Results
We found that VEGFA positive macrophages with the high level of LGALS9 could interact with HAVCR2 to promote exhaustion of CD8 T cells in CCA. Transcript factors SPI1 and IRF1 could up-regulate the expression of LGALS9 in VEGFA positive macrophages. Subsequently, we obtained a panel containing 54 genes through the model, which could identify the subtype S2 with high expression of immune checkpoint genes that are suitable for immunotherapy. Moreover, we found that patients in subtype S2 with a higher mutation ratio of MUC16 accompanied with immune exhausted genes such as HAVCR2 and TIGIT. Finally, we constructed a nine-gene eLBP-LASSO-COX risk model which was designated as tumor microenvironment risk score (TMRS).
Conclusions
eLBP could simultaneously analyze the interaction genes, pathways and transcription factors involved in the cell communication. The TMRS panel was revealed to be a reliable tool for prognostic prediction and chemotherapeutic decision-making in cholangiocarcinoma.
Impact of Hypoglycemia at the Time of Hospitalization for Heart Failure from Emergency Department on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events with and without Type 2 Diabetes.
Authors: Cha Seon-Ah , Yun Jae-Seung , Kim Gee Hee , Ahn Yu-Bae
Published: April 2022

Background: Very few studies have examined the association between hypoglycemic episodes in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular outcomes at the time of hospitalization for heart failure (HF) with or without T2DM.Methods: From March 2016 to June 2018, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate hypoglycemia during HF hospitalization from the emergency department (ED), three-point major adverse cardiovascular events (3P-MACE) and all-cause mortality and followed up through June 2021. HF hospitalization was defined according to the American Hospital Association criteria. Hypoglycemia was defined as a glucose level <3.9 mmol/L at the time of HF hospitalization. We classified the enrolled patients according to hypoglycemia and T2DM into three groups (group 1, those without T2DM; group 2, those diagnosed with T2DM without hypoglycemia; and group 3, those with hypoglycemia and T2DM). We used Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to investigate the association between the three groups and the development of the first occurrence of 3P-MACE and all-cause mortality.Results: During a median of 25 months follow-up, a total of 783 patients admitted due to HF were analyzed. In total, 159 (20.3%) cases of 3P-MACE were identified, and the mortality rate was 20.2% (n = 158). The mean age of the patients was 72.3 ± 13.8 years, and 49.0% were men. Patients with 3P-MACE had a lower body mass index (22.6 [20.4–25.1] vs. 23.8 [21.3–26.7]), higher frequency of previous history of HF (24.5% vs. 15.7%), T2DM (64.2% vs. 47.3%), higher rates of hypoglycemia at the time of HF hospitalization (19.5% vs. 7.7%), as well as lower eGFR level (61.1 [36.0–80.7] mL/min/1.73 m2 vs. 69.2 [45.8–89.5] mL/min/1.73 m2) than those without 3P-MACE. The multivariable adjusted HR of 3P-MACE was group 3 HR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.04–5.06; group 2, HR: 1.42; 95% CI: 0.86–2.33; and all-cause mortality group 3; HR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.26–5.31, group 2; HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 0.81–2.16; compared to group 1.Conclusions: T2DM and hypoglycemia are independent risk factors for 3P-MACE and all-cause mortality compared to those without hypoglycemia during HF hospitalization.
In-vitro analysis of a broad-spectrum polyspectrum formulation for treatment of neonatal eye infections
Authors: Thakur Nitika , Shukla Sudheesh K , patyal Mrinalini
Published: April 2022

Background: Infections of the neonate (newborn) acquired during prenatal development during the first four weeks of life are known as neonatal infections (neonatal period). Neonatal infections can be transmitted from mother to child, contracted during labor in the birth canal, or contracted after birth. Some newborn infections appear shortly after delivery, whereas others may appear later in life. Result: The current study focuses on a composite polyherbal eyedrop (16 different traditional medicinal and herbal extracts) that can be used to treat both bacterial and fungal newborn eye infections, as doctors currently administer two different types of eyedrops (one antibacterial and one antifungal) after a suitable time period. In-vitro testing revealed a BROADSPECTRUM SINGLE COMPOSITION of polyherbal extracts, antimicrobial compound tobramycin (0.2-0.4 percent, optimally 0.3 percent), and antifungal compound Natamycin (4 percent -6 percent, optimally 5 percent) for the treatment of both bacterial and fungal neo-natal eye infections. Due to the modest amounts of the active substances, the composition is devoid of side effects. Conclusion: Due to the presence of polyherbal extracts, it provides a variety of eye-related benefits in addition to merely healing the infection. Bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogens, and Escherichia coli) and fungus (Candida albicans) are both susceptible to the formulation. Only a single drop (about 6µl) administered 2-3 times is efficient in treating eye infections and causes no irritation, redness, or eye damage. In Vivo trails are being recommended further to give this study a thrust area in pharmaceutics sector.
The optimal angel of screws for using cement-screw technique to repair tibial defect in total knee arthroplasty: A finite element analysis
Authors: Zhao Guanghui , Yao Shuxin , Ma Jianbing , Wang Jianpeng
Published: April 2022

Background: The cement-screw technique is always used to repair tibial plateau defects in primary or revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, it is unknown which screw angle is better. This study aimed to perform a finite element analysis (FEA) to determine the optimal screw angle for the repairment of tibial plateau defects in TKA.Methods: Seven FEA models were set and two common different defects (defect 1: area<12%, depth <12 mm; defect 2: area>12%, depth >12 mm) were simulated. One screw was used in defect 1, one or two screws were used in defect 2. Screws were parallel to the proximal cortical bone (oblique screw) or perpendicular to the upper surface (vertical screw) of tibia. Contact stresses on cancellous bone in different areas were determined. Besides, maximum principal stress of cancellous bone around each screw were also compared.Results: The FEA models showed that stresses on the surface of cancellous bone in tibial defect (0.13-0.39 MPa) and stress focus spot (0.45 MPa) around the screw were lower when one vertical screw was used in defect 1. Meanwhile, stresses on the surface of cancellous bone in tibial defect (0.09-0.44 MPa), stresses in medial tibial plateau (0.14-0.21 MPa) and stress focus spot (0.42 MPa and 1.37 MPa) around the screws were lowest when two vertical screws were used in defect 2, followed by two screws consisting of one vertical and one oblique (0.16-0.48 MPa; 0.15-0.21 MPa; 1.63 MPa and 1.11 MPa). No other statistically significant difference was found.Conclusions: Either for one screw or two screws, screw perpendicular to the upper surface can achieve better stability than paralleling to the proximal cortical bone of tibia. If two vertical screws cannot be performed, one vertical screw and one oblique screw are also acceptable.
A new surgical technique for giant type AB thymoma combined with an aberrant right subclavian artery: A case report
Authors: Iijima Yoshihito , Ishikawa Masahito , Iwai Shun , Yamagata Aika , Motono Nozomu , Tsuji Hiroyuki , Uramoto Hidetaka
Published: April 2022

Background: Abnormal tumor vascularization and escalating tumor size represent two major impediments that make cancer surgery impossible or complicated. Case presentation: Here, we report the case of a giant thymoma (type AB) in a 58-year-old woman who presented with cough and yellow sputum. The thymoma grew extensively from the neck to the upper mediastinum. The patient exhibited an aberrant right subclavian artery and a non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve. Intraoperative nerve monitoring facilitated the identification and preservation of vital nerves spanning the neck and chest, including the non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve. Furthermore, the tumor was divided naturally along the constriction, and a good field of view was acquired to identify abnormal right subclavian arteries and nerves that ran deep in the tumor and the surgical field. The tumor was safely removed without complications using intraoperative nerve monitoring.The thymoma that grew extensively from the neck to the upper mediastinum and was associated with an aberrant right subclavian artery was resected. Conclusion: Intraoperative nerve monitoring was helpful in identifying the non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve and left recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Clinical evaluation of miniprobe endoscopic ultrasonography in the T stage of early gastric cancer
Authors: Zheng Xiuli , Wu Mingli , Liu Yao , Er Limian , Wang Hongcai , Liu Zhihuan
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study was performed to evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for early gastric cancer (EGC) based on pathological results and to analyze the factors that may affect EUS misdiagnosis, especially underestimation.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 1075 cases of EGC which underwent EUS before ESD or surgery at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from September 2015 to April 2021. We collected data on sex, age, tumor location, macroscopic type, tumor size, ulceration, histopathological type (differentiated or undifferentiated), depth of pathological diagnosis, and treatment for each case.
Results
The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of EUS were 79.3%, 88.0% and 42.1%, respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 86.6% and 45.5%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, a tumor diameter ≥ 15 mm and the presence of ulceration were found to be independent risk factors for misdiagnosis. In the multivariate analysis of EGC with pT1b, the location of the tumor in the cardia, the lesion less than 15mm, and the absence of ulcers were independent risk factors that were underestimated. In the multivariate analysis of EGC with pT1a, lesion ≥ 15 mm and the presence of ulceration were independent risk factors that were overestimated.
Conclusion
This study confirmed that microprobe ultrasonic gastroscopy has high accuracy in judging the depth of EGC infiltration and is suitable for application. However, attention should be paid to factors affecting its specificity, especially in EGC located in the cardia, less than 15mm and without ulceration.
Peripheral blood cellular dynamics of Rheumatoid arthritis treatment informs about efficacy of response to disease modifying drugs
Authors: Jelinsky Scott A. , Hedman Åsa K. , Winter Eitan , Yoosuf Niyaz , Benita Yair , Berg Louise , Brynedal Boel , Folkersen Lasse , Klareskog Lars , Maciejewski Mateusz , Sirota-Madi Alexandra , Spector Yael , Ziemek Daniel , Padyukov Leonid , Shen-Orr Shai S.
Published: April 2022

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation and is mediated by multiple immune cell types. In this work we aimed to determine the relevance of changes in cell proportions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during development of disease and during treatment. MethodsSamples from healthy blood donors, newly diagnosed RA patients, and established RA patients that had an inadequate response to MTX and were about to start tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) treatment were collected before and after 3 months treatment. We used in parallel a computational deconvolution approach based on RNA expression and flow cytometry to determine the relative cell-type frequencies.ResultsWe showed that monocytes (both classical and non-classical) and CD4+ cells (Th1 and Th2) were increased in RA patients compared to controls, while NK cells and B cells (naïve and mature) were significantly decreased in RA patients. Treatment with MTX caused a decrease in B cells (memory and plasma cell), and a decrease in CD4 Th cells (Th1 and Th17), while treatment with TNFi resulted in a significant increase in the population of B cells. Conclusion Characterization of the RNA expression patterns and found that most of differentially expressed genes in RA subjects after treatment can be explained by changes in cell frequencies (98% and 74% respectively for MTX and TNFi).
Monocyte driven system-level inflammatory and immunometabolic dysregulation during prolonged successful HIV-1 treatment
Authors: Akusjärvi Sara Svensson , Krishnan Shuba , Ambikan Anoop , Mikaeloff Flora , Ponnan Sivasankaran , Vesterbacka Jan , Lourda Magda , Nowak Piotr , Sönnerborg Anders , Neogi Ujjwal
Published: April 2022

People living with HIV-1 on ART (PLWHART) display convoluted metabolism and immune cell functions during prolonged suppressive therapy and are not well evaluated. Using the multi-omics methodologies, we detected increased levels of glutamate, lactate, and pyruvate by plasma metabolomics and increased inflammatory markers (e.g., CCL20 and CCL7) in PLWHART compared to HIV-negative controls (HC) by multiplex protein array. The metabolite transporter detection by flow cytometry in T-cells and monocytes indicated an increased expression of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT-1) in PLWHART. Single cell-type metabolite measurement identified decreased glucose, glutamate, and lactate in monocytic cell populations in PLWHART. Deep-immunophenotyping of myeloid cell lineages subpopulations showed no difference in cell frequency but expression levels of CCR5 were increased on classical monocytes and some dendritic cells. Our data thus suggest that the myeloid cell populations potentially constitute a significant contributor to the modulated metabolic environment during suppressive HIV-1 infection.
Metagenomics for Potential Emerging Infectious Pathogens Identification in Blood Donors with a Molecular Epidemiology Investigation of Human Parvovirus B19: A Multi-center Study in China
Authors: ZHAO Mengyi , LI Yuhui , LI Shilin , LI Yujia , GAO Zhan , YUE Lan , HUANG Mei , WAN Jianhua , HE Weilan , MAO Wei , CAI Jie , ZHOU Jingyu , YIN Yijing , GUO Yanli , ZHONG Qiulei , HUANG Yang , CHEN Limin , HUA Shan , HE Miao , FAN Zhengxin
Published: April 2022

Background:
Emerging infectious pathogens in blood donors may be transmitted through blood components or plasma derivatives transfusion. Currently, Chinese blood centers only routinely screen HBV, HCV, HIV, and Syphilis for donors, which would lead to some emerging infectious pathogens transmitted via transfusion.Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) with bioinformatics analysis was employed in this study to investigate the microbial components with revealing theemerging infectious pathogens in blood donations from Chinese multi blood centers to enhance the blood safety.
Results:
A total 562 GB clean data was obtained in donation samples from 7 Chinese regions. The principal pathogens identified were Serratia sp. (5.0176%), Pseudomonas sp. (0.6637%), and Burkholderia sp. (0.5544%). Several transfusion transmitted pathogens including human parvovirus B19, Leishmania sp., Toxoplasma gondii, etc. were identified as potential threats for Chinese blood safety. Subsequently, 9 (0.08%) specimens were found positive for B19V DNA with quantitative DNA levels ranged from 5.58% × 102 to 7.24 × 104 IU/ml. Phylogenic analyses showed B19-1A subtype as the prevalent genotypes.
Conclusions:
Emerging infectious pathogens including human parvovirus B19, Leishmania sp., Toxoplasma gondii, etc., may pose transfusion risks in China. Therefore we strongly advise that mNGS surveillance should be wildly and continually implemented in blood centers. In addition, blood safety measures in China should take B19V risk into consideration in some endemic regions in China.
Neurobiological predispositions for musicality: White matter in infancy predicts school-age music aptitude
Authors: Zuk Jennifer , Vanderauwera Jolijn , Turesky Ted , Yu Xi , Gaab Nadine
Published: April 2022

Musical training has long been viewed as a model for experience-dependent brain plasticity. Reports of musical training-induced brain plasticity are largely based on cross-sectional studies comparing musicians to non-musicians, which cannot address whether training itself is sufficient to induce these neurobiological changes or whether pre-existing neuroarchitecture before training predisposes children to succeed in music. Here, in a longitudinal investigation of children from infancy to school age, we find brain structure in infancy that is prospectively associated with subsequent music aptitude skills at school age. Among inter-hemispheric white matter pathways traditionally linked with musical training, we find that structural organization of these pathways in infancy is associated with later music aptitude in early childhood. Our findings suggest predispositions prior to the onset of musical training from as early as infancy may serve as a scaffold upon which ongoing musical experience can build.
Effect of diabetes mellitus control on diabetes burden in elderly Egyptians patients
Authors: Abdel-Hamed Eslam , Helaly Mohamed A.
Published: April 2022

Older adults with diabetes have a higher risk for hypoglycemia due to altered adaptive physiologic responses to low glucose levels. Patients also have comorbidities, such as cognitive and functional loss, that interfere with prompt identification and/or appropriate treatment of hypoglycemia.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diabetic state control on diabetes burden in elderly.Methods: Our study was a case control pilot study conducted on 100 old patients (> 65 years) with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. All patients recruited from Mansoura Specialized Medical Hospital in the period from April 2019 to February 2020. Medical consents were taken from all patients.Patients were divided into 2 groups: those with HBA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin A1c) > 8.5% were the cases group whereas control subjects were those having HBA1c ˂ 8.5%.Calculation of Burden state is based on Elderly diabetes Burden scale (EDBS); Which is 23-item consisting of 6 subscales including symptom burden, social burden, burden of dietary restrictions, burden of worry about diabetes, burden of treatment dissatisfaction, and burden of treatment. Total score of the scale ranges between 19 and 92.Results: our Study showed no statistically significant difference between two groups regarding serum creatinine, and albumin/creatinine ratio, polyuria, paresthesia, visual disturbance, oedema, chest pain and dyspnea, treatment dissatisfaction, while there was statistically significant difference between two groups regarding fasting Glucose, symptom burden, social burden, dietary restrictions, worry about diabetes, burden by tablets or insulin and total score EDBS being higher in cases than control subjects.Conclusion: EDBS may be a simple and rapid questionnaire to assess effect of diabetes control on quality of life in elderly patients.