bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUSES CIRCULATING IN THE WORLD (REVIEW)
Authors: Абуова Г.Н. , Полукчи Т.В. , Бердалиева Ф.А. , Алиев Д.С. , Сарыпбекова Л.Л. , Кулемин М.В.
Published: December 2021

Вирус Конго-Крымской геморрагической лихорадки является возбудителем тяжелой клещевой, часто смертельной, Конго-Крымской геморрагической лихорадки, которая широко распространена во всем мире. Передача вируса Конго-Крымской геморрагической лихорадки к человеку происходит через укус клеща, раздавливание зараженных клещей или контакт с инфицированной кровью человека. Миграция вируса способна через клещей с животными и перелетных птиц, в связи с чем имеется возможность исследования географического распространения посредством генетического анализа. В этом обзоре мы стремимся обобщить самые последние данные о генетическом разнообразии вирусов Конго-Крымской геморрагической лихорадки, циркулирующих в мире. Временной и пространственный анализ многообразия штаммов вируса может послужить ключевым фактором для лучшего понимания связи серопозитивности и уровня летальности.

The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus is the causative agent of severe tick-borne, often fatal, zoonotic Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, which is widespread throughout the world. Transmission of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus to humans occurs through a tick bite, crushing of infected ticks or contact with infected host blood. The migration of the virus is possible through ticks with animals and migratory birds, and therefore it is possible to study the geographical distribution through genetic analysis. In this review, we aim to summarize the latest data on the genetic diversity of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses circulating in the world. The temporal and spatial analysis of the diversity of virus strains can serve as a key factor for a better understanding of the relationship between seropositivity and the mortality rate.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LHP TECHNIQUE - LASER REMOVAL OF HEMORRHOIDS
Authors: Попов И.В. , Куанышбеков А.С. , Попов Д.А.
Published: December 2021

Геморроидальная болезнь преследует человечество много тысячелетий. Основным проявлением болезни является выпадение узлов и геморроидальное кровотечение. Развитие медицинской технологии и внедрение современных методик, таких как LHP, позволяет получить хорошие результаты. При этом значительно уменьшаются страдания пациентов в послеоперационном периоде и наступает быстрая реабилитация.

Hemorrhoidal disease has been haunting humanity for many millennia. The main manifestation of the disease is the loss of nodes and hemorrhoidal bleeding. The development of medical technology and the introduction of modern techniques, such as LHP, allows you to get good results. At the same time, the suffering of patients in the postoperative period is significantly reduced and rapid rehabilitation occurs.
METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE LONG-TERM RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT ON THE SPINE AND SPINAL CORD IN CHILDREN
Authors: Сахипов М.М. , Еликбаев Г.М. , Бирючков М.Ю. , Амирали Д. , Темирбеков М.У.
Published: December 2021

Разработанная шкала применяется для оценки результатов лечения после корригирующих операций на позвоночнике и спинном мозге и является основанием для проведения патогенетически обоснованных реабилитационных мероприятий. Методика основана на балльной оценке общеклинических, неврологических, рентгенологических, функциональных показателей, в результате которой объективно отражается степень выраженности неврологических дефицитов, нарушение функций костно-суставной системы и тазовых органов. Получен патент на изобретение Республики Казахстан №26019 от 14.09.2012. Бюлл. №9

Rehabilitation actions are spent depending on a condition of the patient according to this scale. The technique allows to investigate objectively a degree of neurologic symptoms, infringements of functions of spine and urinare function after operation. The scale is based on an estimation of clinical, neurologic, radiological and functional parameters. Patent for inventions of the Republic of Kazakhstan № 26019 dated 14.09.2012 was obtained. Byul. № 9
MODERN PRINCIPLES OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH SEVERE INJURIES OF LIVER
Authors: Ибадильдин А.С. , Кравцов В.И. , Ибадильдина С.А. , Искакова Т.А.
Published: December 2021

Авторы анализируют свой опыт лечения открытых и закрытых травм печени, вопросы диагностики, информативность инвазивных и неинвазивных методов диагностики и делятся накопленным опытом лечения. Используя современный алгоритм диагностики и лечения авторам удалось снизить летальность до 8,8%.

The authors analyze their experience in the treatment of open and closed liver injuries, diagnostic issues, the informative value of invasive and non-invasive diagnostic methods and share their experience in treatment. Using a modern diagnostic and treatment algorithms, the authors managed to reduce the mortality rate to 8.8%.
FEATURE OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRODUODENAL BLEEDING
Authors: Джумабеков А.Т. , Каштаев Р.Е. , Жарменов С.М. , Жанбырбаев С.Ж. , Артыкбаев А.Ж. , Кемелханов Н.Т.
Published: December 2021

Применение принципов комплексного использования эндоскопического гемостаза и использование эрадикационной, антисекреторной терапии у больных с гастродуоденальным кровотечением, находящихся на стационарном лечении в ЦГКБ г. Алматы, позволило улучшить результаты лечения больных, значительно снизить количество осложнений после операций, сократить частоту как общей, так и послеоперационной летальности.

The application of the principles of the integrated use of endoscopic hemostasis and the use of eradication, antisecretory therapy in patients with gastroduodenal bleeding who are inpatient treatment at the Central City Clinical Hospital of Almaty, made it possible to improve the results of treatment of patients, significantly reduce the number of complications after surgery, and reduce the incidence of both general and postoperative mortality.
FEATURES OF THE MANIFESTATION AND ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF DYSKINETIC FORMS OF CEREBRAL PALSY IN PREMATURE INFANTS
Authors: Смагулова А.Р. , Кадржанова Г.Б. , Избасарова А.Ш. , Тулекова Н.Д.
Published: December 2021

В данной статье представлен анализ особенностей проявлений дискинетической формы церебрального паралича у недоношенных детей. В статье описаны ранние проявления данной патологии, сроки формирования гиперкинезов, этиологические факторы.

This article presents an analysis of the features of the manifestations of the dyskinetic form of cerebral palsy in premature infants. The article describes the early manifestations of this pathology, the timing of the formation of hyperkinesis, and etiological factors.
The Face of the General Elections Commission in The Case of the Code of Conduct 2018-2020
Authors: Akbar Paisal , Mohammad Taufik  , Bambang Irawan  , Sonny Sudiar
Published: December 2021

The course of the implementation of the General Election can never be separated from all kinds of ethical and criminal matters that always color in the course of the electoral stage in Indonesia. Several cases of violations of the ethics code and corruption committed by the Commissioners and Secretariat of the KPU at all levels resulted in sanctions imposed by the DKPP against the KPU. Therefore, the results of this study will look at the case of the KPU code of ethics in the DKPP decision for the 2018 to 2020 period, as well as the impact of this decision on election organizers at the KPU. This study using a qualitative descriptive research design. The data used in this study were obtained from literature studies in the form of documents of the results of the verdicts that have been issued by the DKPP obtained through the official portal website of the DKPP, with a period from 2018 to 2020. The document of the decision of the DKPP ethics case was then carefully processed by the author using the application of qualitative data processing Nvivo 12 Plus. The data processing results found that enrichment of the electoral code of conduct by-election organizers in the KPU is still felt less. All parties should highly praise preventive efforts to violate the code of conduct.
Examining of the Effects of Target-Oriented Circular Training on Biomotor Features by using Tennis Ball Throwing Machine at 12-14 Age Tennis Performance Sportsmen for 10 weeks
Authors: Çamlibel Turgut , Özal Mehmet
Published: December 2021

Aim: In this work, it is aimed that examining the effects of target-oriented circular training on biomotoric features by using a tennis ball throwing machine at 12-14 age tennis performance sportsmen for ten weeks. Method: This research was implemented on sixteen active licensed athletes who played tennis for at least four years in Ankara. The athletes were randomly divided into two separate groups as the experimental group (n=8) and the control group (n=8). After measuring the height, weight, and fat rate of the athletes, biometric tests were started. Flamingo balance, sit-reach, reaction time, five meters and twenty meters sprints, T-test, and standing long jump tests were performed, respectively. Athletes were get heated for ten minutes before the tests and they were given a trying chance. The best scores were recorded by repeating each test twice. In the statistical analysis of the collected data, IBM SPSS 19 package program was used. In repeated measurements, the results were compared by two-way ANOVA with intergroup, intragroup and post-training data. Results: As a result, between the experimental group and control group data; on averages of T-Test (p<0.139), visual reaction (p<0.001), Flexibility (p<0.024), Vertical Jump (p<0.022), Flamingo Balance right foot (p<0.046) and left foot (p<0.045) statistical significance was confirmed. Keywords: Biomotoric features, ITN test, Tennis, Tennis ball machine
Investigation and Interpretation of Maximal and Reactive Strength Index Characteristics of 16-17 Age Group Basketball Players
Authors: Kara Sinan , Özal Merve , Özal Mehmet
Published: December 2021

Aim: The aim of the study was determined as the examination of the reactive strength index parameter, which shows the maximal strength and explosive force characteristics of 16-17 age group basketball players determined by isometric test. Method: The basketball branch Xage = 16.50 ± 0.51 years, XHeight = 177.22 ± 8,56 cm, XBW= 73.14 ± 12,43 kg, XBMI= 23.26 ± 3,46 kg / m2, and XBFP = 14.72 ± 5.67% of which 32 are men. In the study, the measurements of the height of the participants were made with Holtain brand stadiometer, body weight and fat percentage ratio measurement with Tanita BC 418 MA, reactive strength index measurement with Opto Jump Next, and maximal strength measurement with Baseline brand leg dynamometers. Pearson test was used to determine the relationship between branch-specific MS and RSI. Results: According to the correlation results, no significant relationship was found between MS and RSI (p>0.05). Conclusions: As a result, it has been determined that basketball players between the ages of 16-17 do less quality work on developing MS and explosive force. Keywords: Basketball, Maximal Strength, Reactive Strength İndex.
Awareness of Dental Practitioners of The Ethical Standards in Dental Researches
Authors: Tehrani Sahar Vardian , Bazmi Shima , Bazmi Shabnam , Kiani Mehrzad , Moghadam Saedeh Atarbashi-
Published: December 2021

Background: Awareness of ethical standards in conducting research is necessary because ignoring ethical issues may not only cause harm to the research subjects but also lead to research ineffectiveness. This study aimed to investigate the awareness of dental residents and professors of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran, of the ethical standards in researches. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, performed using a validated researcher-made questionnaire. 53 professors and 74 residents of different dental specialties participated. The data were analyzed using statistical tests and SPSS 21.00 software. Findings: The male, female ratio in professors was 41.5% to 58.5% , while 62.2% of residents were female and 37.8% male. Regarding awareness of research ethics, 66% of professors and 85% of residents selected the acceptable answers. The mean and standard deviation of professors' and residents’ awareness were 0.5606±0.16230 and 0.6542±0.17693, from source1. The levels of residents' and professors’ awareness were 0.65 and 0.59, respectively, using Levene’s Test (the significance level of p=0.041). In professors’ part the lowest score belonged to “Written consent is required in intervention research” and in residents’ part the lowest one was about “In some cases, prisoners can be promised a reduced sentence as a reward for their cooperation in conducting a research project”. Conclusion: Professors and dental residents had acceptable awareness of ethics in dental researches, and the level of awareness was higher in dental residents compared to professors. There was no significant difference in the awareness of dental residents by age, gender, and field of specialty. Also, there was no significant difference in the awareness of dental professors by age, gender, specialty, years of service, and participation in the research project or dissertation. Obtaining consent for performing research and paying more attention to vulnerable groups during research projects are items that must be mentioned more. Keywords: Ethical standards, ethics in research, professors, dental students
Comparison of Iodoform and Paraminobenzoate for The Managment of Dry Socket
Authors: Panhwar Iffat , . Safia , Hussain Fida , Kumar Punjabi Suneel , Hamid Shuja , Shams Salman
Published: December 2021

Objective: The aim of present study is to compare effectiveness of two different modalities Iodoform and Para-Aminobenzoate for the management of Dry socket. Material And Methods: Patients reported with dry socket at the OPD of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, after mandibular molar tooth extraction were included After thorough irrigation with sterile saline and followed up for three alternative days by replacing dressing and then findings were recorded in the designated proforma of the patients. Pain was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: The mean age of group A was 26.18+4.41 years and mean age in group B was observed 26.0+3.92 years. Males were predominantly reported in both groups. In this study 3rd molar extraction was commonest as 81.1% in group A. Similarly 3rd molar extraction was 85.5% in group B. Most of the cases of both groups underwent surgical extraction. In our study mostly onset symptoms were seen at 72 hours in both study groups. On day 3 and 4 pain was markedly decrease in patients of group B as compared to group A, p-values were quite insignificant (p=0.001). Conclusion: Para-Aminobenzoate showed better effectiveness in decreasing the pain from day 2nd. Keywords: Dry socket, Iodoform, Para-Aminobenzoate, Pain
Outcome of Corticosteroid Injection in De Quervain's Tenosynovitis
Authors: Bakhsh Wahid , Jan Asad Ullah , Shafiq Muhammad , Iqbal Naveed , Hussain Buriro Muzafar , Mustafa Yasir
Published: December 2021

Background: De Quervain's tenosynovitis is a painful and swollen stenosing tenosynovitis of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist. After analysing the patient's medical history and doing a physical examination, a diagnosis is made. Finkelstein's test is almost always positive. Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of local corticosteroid injections in the treatment of de Quervain's tenosynovitis. Material & Methods: The study enrolled fifty patients with De Querven's Tenosynovitis. NSAIDs were provided orally and topically to all patients for an average of six weeks with no obvious improvement. Using a visual analogue scale, it was determined how much soreness would be felt in the first dorsal compartment and how much pain would be felt during the Finkelstein test. The edoema was removed by injecting a mixture of 1 mL (10 mg) triamcinolone-acetonide and 1 mL of 1% lidocain hydrochloride into the affected wrist's first dorsal compartment. They were subsequently examined every two weeks for twenty-four weeks. After a local triamcinolone acetonide injection, pain and discomfort on the radial side of the wrist were alleviated, and a negative Finkelstein test was done. Results: The mean age among the patients was 36.6 years with 12.4 SD. The maximum age was 60 years and the minimum age was 25 years old. The duration of symptoms in 4-8 weeks was observed, the mean value was 6 weeks with 1.4 as SD the minimum duration recorded was 4 weeks with 8 weeks as maximum duration. At the start of the week of appearance of symptoms the pain score was 6.44 with 1.6 as SD. The minimum pain score was 4 and maximum pain score was 8. Pain score at 4 weeks was 0.66 with 1.6 as SD. As per the independent t-test the p value was less than 0.05 so the test was significant statistically. Conclusion: One or two local steroid injections in the first dorsal compartment can give considerable pain and inflammation alleviation in people with de Quervain's tenosynovitis.
Change in Hemoglobin with Androgen and Low Dose Erythropoietin Versus Erythropoietin Alone in Patients of Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Abdul Azim Baig Muhammad , Alam Ishtiaq , Usman Sulehri Faheem , Hassan Irfana , Jafri Aliya , Ahmed Butt Hammad
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To determine the mean rise in hemoglobin with androgen and low dose erythropoietin versus erythropoietin alone in patients of anemia of chronic kidney disease. Methodology: A randomized control trial was conducted at a tertiary care hospital between October 2019 to April 2020. Both male and female from age >17years to 70 years with anemia of CKD as per operational definition were included. Patients with a history of blood transfusion in the last three months. Patients already on Erythropoietin therapy or those with uncontrolled hypertension BP >190/105 mm Hg at the time of study were excluded. Relevant data including demographic details, baseline hemoglobin was noted. Patients were randomly assigned to group A or group B by lottery method. Patients in group A were given 100mg of androgen (Nandrolone Decanoate) intramuscularly once weekly plus low dose of erythropoietin (2000 units twice weekly) subcutaneously for 6 months and patients in group B were given standard dose of erythropoietin (4000 units twice weekly) subcutaneously for 6 months. Rise in hemoglobin was recorded as per operational definition. Follow up was ensured by taking telephone contact. Data was recorded on pre-designed proforma. Results: Mean Hb levels after treatment were calculated as 12.48+1.20 in Group-A and 11.12+1.32 in Group-B, p value was calculated as 0.0001 showing a significant difference between the two groups, comparison of mean increase in Hb levels after treatment were calculated as 3.0+0.09 in Group-A and 1.72+0.67 in Group-B, p value was calculated as 0.0001 showing a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: We concluded that there was significantly greater rise in the mean hemoglobin with androgen plus low dose erythropoietin as compared to erythropoietin alone in treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease. Nevertheless, further large-scale and multi-center studies will be needed to further explore the long-term efficacy and adverse effects of androgens among patients of anemia of chronic kidney disease. Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, anemia, androgen and low dose erythropoietin versus erythropoietin alone, mean increase
Mental Toughness and Motivational Climate of Volleyball Players
Authors: Taştan Zarife
Published: December 2021

Background: Sports psychology focuses on the analysis of various psychological variables and cognitive processes that affect athletes' performance and focuses on improving their cognitive abilities to maximize efficiency. Aim: The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between mental toughness and motivational climate in licensed volleyball players studying in Coaching Education departments. Methods: In this study, the relational screening model was used to determine the relationship between mental toughness and motivational climate in licensed volleyball players studying in Coaching Education departments. Results: it was concluded that the performance climate levels of licensed volleyball players studying in coaching education departments increased as their level of confidence increased, and decreased as their constancy and control levels increased. Again, as a result of the analysis, it was observed that the variables of confidence, constancy and control had a significant role in predicting the performance climate of licensed volleyball players. Conclusion: it can be said that mental toughness predicts motivational climate in licensed volleyball players who study in coaching education departments. Keywords: Mastery Climate, Performance Climate, Mental Toughness, Coaching Education Students, Motivational Climate.
Avaliação do tratamento preventivo e manejo terapêutico da osteorradionecrose dos maxilares em pacientes submetidos a radioterapia: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Amanda Thalya Soares  da , Oliveira Ana Beatriz Lima de , Oliveira Guilherme Rodrigues Wanderley de , Souza Hellen Kevillyn Brito de , Moura Marianne Pereira de , Lemos Mariana Alves , Silva Rebeca de Almeida Buriti da , Arruda Héberte de Santana
Published: December 2021

A osteorradionecrose é complicação em decorrência da radioterapia, na qual varia de acordo com a extensão e gravidade da sintomatologia. Sendo a atenção odontológica indispensável para reduzir o desenvolvimento e progressão da doença. Objetivo: Revisar na literatura os tratamentos preventivos e terapêuticos da Osteorradionecrose. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura de artigos em inglês, publicados nos últimos 10 anos, e indexados nas Bases de Dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Pubmed/Medline. Com os descritores ‘’radiotherapy’’ “osteoradionecrosis’’, ‘’head and neck neoplasms’’, combinados através do operador booleano “AND’. Por fim, quatro artigos compuseram a amostra do estudo. Resultados: O uso de L-PRF em pacientes com câncer após radioterapia não parece oferece nenhum benefício adicional aos protocolos utilizados. Ademais, o tratamento à longo prazo com PENTOCLO é eficaz, e curativo para a osteorradionecrose (ORN) pois induz a cicatrização óssea. Conclusão: Faz-se necessário a realização de mais pesquisas acerca da temática, a fim de auxiliar o conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde e promover avanços no tratamento e manejo desses pacientes.
El delito de sedición como herramienta de persecución judicial en los años finales de la dominación española en Honduras
Authors: Cardona Amaya José Manuel
Published: December 2021

El Bicentenario de la Independencia de Centroamérica, celebrado en este año de 2021, invita a reflexionar sobre el contexto histórico en que fue declarada la libertad de esas provincias. En esta investigación se propone estudiar cómo los funcionarios de la monarquía utilizaban el delito de sedición para perseguir judicialmente a las personas que se oponían al régimen del Imperio Español. Para este propósito se rastrea la evolución del delito de sedición en el derecho castellano y cómo este fue adaptado para su aplicación en América, pasando posteriormente a estudiar los casos. Esta exploración permite demostrar que los años finales de la dominación española en Honduras fueron tumultuosos y que los operadores de justicia jugaron un importante papel en la supresión de los movimientos rebeldes. Metodológicamente se adopta una perspectiva histórica, ofreciéndose un análisis basado en fuentes documentales de la época.
Los DDHH de las Mujeres desde un Perspectiva de Género con un Enfoque Investigativo Innovador
Authors: Fernández Leal Marco Luis
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo investigativo en materia de DDHH de las mujeres, tuvo como propósito general: analizar la importancia de los DDHH de las mujeres desde una perspectiva de género con un enfoque investigativo innovador, como propósitos específicos: Develar los DDHH de las mujeres, analizar el concepto de Derechos Humanos y derechos Humanos de las Mujeres. Identificar los Instrumentos internacionales en materia de Derechos Humanos de las mujeres con perspectiva de género. Comprender el contexto de los DDHH de las mujeres desde una perspectiva de género con un enfoque investigativo innovador, desde las voces de los actores sociales. Se abordó bajo el paradigma interpretativo, enfoque cualitativo, orientado en la fenomenología, que interpreta y comprende los significados en los discursos de las personas. La técnica para la recolección de información fue la entrevista en profundidad y validación de expertos, dirigida a tres (03) profesionales, Dos (02) Abogados, un (01) Criminólogo. Los hallazgos obtenidos develaron que los DDHH de las mujeres deben ser investigados con perspectiva de género, reconocer la mujer como sujeto de derecho, resaltar los instrumentos internacionales en pro de prevenir, erradicar y sancionar cualquier tipo de discriminación, violencia que atente contra ella, con un enfoque investigativo innovador
Reflexiones en torno a la Evaluación de Proyectos de Extensión Universitaria
Authors: Monti Falic Benjamín Andrés , Rucci Juan Ignacio
Published: December 2021

El artículo recoge reflexiones sobre diversas experiencias que hemos atravesado en la Extensión Universitaria, tanto en la Universidad Nacional de Rosario como en otras universidades nacionales, volcadas hacia la evaluación de proyectos pertinentes a dicha función sustantiva. En ese sentido, abordar esta temática específica surge en función de un trabajo reciente realizado para el “II Taller de Extensión Universitaria. Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Extensión Universitaria de la REXUNE (Red de Extensión Universitaria de la Universidad Nacional del Este)”. Dicha actividad motivó la necesidad de realizar una síntesis reflexiva sobre las experiencias y aprendizajes en torno a los procesos de evaluación y a poner en palabras algunas ideas sobre cómo pudieran repensarse estas instancias en las universidades nacionales. En definitiva, el presente artículo busca contribuir al fortalecimiento y consolidación de los procesos de evaluación de la función extensión (actividades, proyectos y programas), partiendo de la necesidad de repensar y transformar los formatos tradicionales en pos de otros nuevos que se adecúen mejor a las características específicas de estas experiencias territoriales.
Extensión Universitaria: alta proyección socio-educativa y un aporte significativo para el desarrollo del país
Authors: Suárez Zenayda Aurora , Téllez Marín Miriam Patricia
Published: December 2021

La Extensión Universitaria, ofrece una importante estrategia para el desarrollo del país desde diferentes ámbitos, los principales protagonistas son los estudiantes, en ellos recae una de las funciones de extensión universitaria de gran impacto social, como son: las prácticas de formación, profesionalización y pasantías, a través de las cuales, se potencializa la articulación entre la formación y la investigación, sin duda alguna, esta función favorece la integralidad de los estudiantes y de los demás miembros de la comunidad universitaria.

Formar individuos reflexivos y comprometidos es una responsabilidad compartida tanto de la universidad como la sociedad y las familias; el vínculo sociedad - universidad permite además el logro de competencias de los estudiantes en su campo de profesionalización, asimismo la inserción al campo laboral.

La institución de educación superior, tiene un fuerte compromiso social en cuanto a extender su accionar hacia los diferentes estratos de la sociedad; sin duda, permite fortalecer las relaciones de cooperación e intercambio de conocimiento, cuya estrategia es de prioridad para la institución educativa.

La gestión de la universidad, se fortalece cada vez que las estrategias desarrolladas en la práctica, tienen el reconocimiento social del impacto observado de manera satisfactoria. La misión de la universidad, incorpora los elementos claves para seguir su marcha al desarrollo y competitividad (Castillo, E, 2020).
Extensión Universitaria en la UNAN-Managua: un enfoque de desarrollo comunitario
Authors: Rojas Icabalzeta Nohemí
Published: December 2021

Este ensayo presenta el quehacer de la Extensión en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua (UNAN-Managua) como un componente clave para el desarrollo social y comunitario en Nicaragua. En este contexto, mediante un análisis documental, se registrarán los conceptos de Extensión, así como antecedentes del proceso en las instituciones de Educación Superior. Asimismo, se describe la experiencia y retos en materia de extensión de la UNAN-Managua desde el carácter de servicio público presente en la Ley de Autonomía de las Instituciones de Educación Superior. Se ausculta el papel de la Extensión Universitaria para la promoción del desarrollo de las comunidades, haciendo énfasis en el concepto y contexto de la comunidad como un modelo estratégico para las instituciones educativas, en que el proceso de comunicación universidadcomunidad desde la Extensión se dimensionan como parte de las estrategias de fortalecimiento de dicha vinculación. En este ámbito, se revisan algunos logros obtenidos desde la Extensión Universitaria para el desarrollo comunitario. Se concluye que, la Extensión en la UNAN-Managua, se ha posicionado como un proceso estratégico para el desarrollo comunitario del pueblo de Nicaragua, al tener como prioridad el bienestar social de las familias, comunidad y sociedad en general. Por tanto, se han evidenciado logros para el desarrollo y transformación de las comunidades aún sin perder de vista la oportunidad de perpetuar una visión global del conocimiento y las propuestas de desarrollo social desde el quehacer universitario.
Captura de peces elasmobranquios provenientes de la pesca artesanal en las playas de Poneloya y las Peñitas, León, Nicaragua
Authors: Hernandez-Fernandez G. M. , Quintana B. , Lara S. , Santamaria F.
Published: December 2021

El presente trabajo se centro en evaluar la composición de la captura, la diversidad de especies, abundancia relativa y estructura de tallas de tiburones y rayas capturados por la pesca artesanal en las playas de Poneloya y Las Peñitas. Se analizaron los organismos desembarcados durante los meses de mayo a junio. Se registraron las especies capturadas, sitio de la captura, tallas, pesos y condición reproductiva. Se analizaron 216 organismos distribuidos en 7 especies y 6 familias. Siendo la de mayor abundancia el tiburón Sphyrna lewini (67.6 %), seguida de Dasyatis brevis (13 %) y Dasyatis longa (11 %), Rhinoptera steindachneri (3.2), Aetobatus narinari (3.2 %), Gymnura marmorata (1.4 %) y Rhinobatus leucorhynchus (0.5%). Las capturas fueron realizadas con dos artes de pesca, palangre (54.5%) y red agallera (45.5%) con capturas dirigidas hacia peces óseos de alto valor comercial Sphyrna lewini se encontró un 47.3% de hembras, 52% machos y un individuo desconocido (0.7%), el 100% de machos y hembras fueron juveniles por ende se encontraron inmaduros. Dasyatis brevis el 81.5 % fueron hembras y 18.5%  machos, encontrándose diferencias significativas en la proporción sexual  (X2 = 10.7 P < 0,05). El 80 % de machos fueron inmaduros y el 20% maduros, las hembras el 95% fueron inmaduras y un 5% maduras. Dasyatis longus el 35 % fueron hembras, 52 % machos y 13% individuos desconocidos. El 58% de los machos fueron inmaduros y el 42% maduros, en el caso de las hembras el 62.5% fueron inmaduras y el 37.5% maduras.
CULTURE OF SILENCE: SCRUTINISING THE UN’S “ZERO TOLERENCE” APPROACH TO SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND ABUSE IN PEACE KEEPING OPERATIONS
Authors: PALABIYIK Adem , ORHUN Orhan , SAVAŞ Ali Rıza
Published: December 2021

The peacekeeping operations of the United Nations for bringing peace and stability, which have been accepted by the country and have great expectations from the people, sometimes fail to give the desired contribution but confront the people of the country, especially women and young girls. The habit of sexual abuse and exploitation, which is gained in almost every operation in which the United Nations intervenes and carries out a peacekeeping operation with another problem such as sexual abuse and exploitation, is now turning into a trust problem towards the United Nations. The complex post-war environment in which the United Nations intervened through peacekeepers is further complicated by this widespread and exposed problem posed by these forces. In this sense, it becomes as important as necessary to investigate the reasons why sexual abuse and exploitation are so widespread and permanent. The solutions that the United Nations tries to bring to this problem are not effective enough, and an effective method cannot be developed for the solution of this problem that has become permanent. Sexual abuse and exploitation, which is already a big problem in the legal context, is a complex problem that needs to be also solved in the illegal context. In this study, the reasons for the emergence of this problem, which has become unacceptable especially for women and young girls, have been discussed, and the efforts of the United Nations for a solution and the adequacy of this effort have been examined through examples.
STRATEGI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM MENGANTISIPASI PAHAM RADIKAL DAN INTOLERAN DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Widyastuti Retno
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to review the results of a survey conducted by LaKIP and PPIM from UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta as published in BBC Indonesia and Republika, regarding radicalism and intolerance in school. The method used is a literature review. The review concluded that the strategy anti-radicalism and intolerance can be done with two strategies. The first is a school cultural development strategy through collaboration in Wiyata Mandala program. The second, integrated learning strategies that integrate the five characters in every subject’s area. For the supervision and guidance of teachers in carrying out their profession as teachers, two strategies can be used. The first is the strategy for supervising teachers in carrying out their duties according to the discipline of civil servants regualtion. The second supervise, monitor and training for teachers.
 
Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengomentari hasil survey yang dilakukan oleh LaKIP dan PPIM dari UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta seperti yang dimuat di BBC Indonesia dan Republika mengenai paham radikalisme dan intoleransi yang terjadi di sekolah. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur yang membahas mengenai pendidikan karakter siswa dan karakter guru. Hasil analisis diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa strategi penanaman anti radikalisme dan intoleran dapat dilakukan dengan dua strategi. Pertama strategi pengembangan budaya melalui kolaborasi melalui pogram wawasan wiyata mandala.Kedua strategi pembelajaran terintegrasi yaitu guru mengajarkan nilai-nilai lima karakter ke dalam mata pelajaran yang diampunya. Untuk pengawasan dan pembinaan terhadap guru dalam menjalankan profesinya sebagai guru dapat dilakukan 2 strategi. Pertama strategi pengawasan guru dalam menjalankan tugasnya sesuai disiplin pegawai negeri. Kedua strategi pembinaan dengan menerapkan pembinaan melalui pendidikan dan latihan bagi guru.
PENDAMPINGAN DARING SUPERVISI AKADEMIK KEPALA MADRASAH DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Rindarti Eni
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This action research aims to improve the academic supervision competency of madrasa principals through technical guidance during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research was carried out in January s.d. May 2021. The Action Research involved four heads of Madrasah Aliyah in Central Jakarta as participants, researchers as mentors, and three observers. Research data were collected through observation, interviews, tests, filling out questionnaires, and document assessment. The research data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and verification, accompanied by a description of quantitative data on test results, process assessment, and document assessment. Actions are carried out in two cycles. The results of observations showed an increase in online mentoring participation from 75% in the first cycle to 87.5% in the second cycle; there was an increase in the ability of madrasah principals in preparing academic supervision from 72% in the first cycle to 92.5% in the second cycle; the increase in knowledge about academic supervision increased from 73.25 before the action to 83 after the action, and improvement in  the ability of the head of madrasah to prepare reports on academic supervision reached a score of 92.5%% at the end of the activity. Based on this research, it can be concluded that online technical guidance during the Covid-19 pandemic can improve the ability of madrasa principals to carry out academic supervision.
 
Abstrak
Penelitian Tindakan ini bertujuan meningkatkan kemampuan kepala madrasah melaksanakan supervisi akademik pada masa pandemi Covid-19 melalui pendampingan daring. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari s.d. Mei 2021. Penelitian Tindakan melibatkan empat kepala Madrasah Aliyah di Kota Jakarta Pusat sebagai peserta pendampingan, peneliti sebagai pendamping, dan tiga observer. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, tes, pengisian kuesioner, serta penilaian dokumen. Data penelitian dianalisis melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi, dilengkapi deskripsi data kuantitatif hasil tes, penilaian proses, dan penilaian dokumen. Tindakan dalam bentuk pendampingan daring dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Hasil observasi menunjukkan peningkatan pertisipasi pendampingan daring dari 75% pada siklus-I menjadi 87,5% pada siklus-II; terjadi peningkatan kemampuan kepala madrasah dalam menyusun program supervisi akademik dari 72% pada siklus-I menjadi 92,5% pada siklus-II; kemampuan kepala madrasah menyusun laporan supervisi akademik mencapai skor 92,5%% di akhir kegiatan, dan peningkatan pengetahuan tentang supervisi akademik meningkat dari 73,25 sebelum tindakan menjadi 83 setelah tindakan. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendampingan daring pada masa pandemi Covid-19 dapa meningkatkan kemampuan kepala madrasah dalam melaksanakan supervisi akademik.
Hubungan Pola Makan Pasien CKD dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) Pasien yang Menjalani Hemodialisa di RS Dik Pusdikkes Kodiklat AD
Authors: Devi  , Bambang S  , Sumedi W
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Dietary factors or eating patterns can cause patients to experience anorexia so that it affects the body mass index measured by CKD patients (Susetyowati, 2014). Therefore, it is important to understand the research when studying the relationship between the diet of CKD patients and the body mass index of patients undergoing hemodialysis at the Dik Pusdikkes Hospital in 2021.
Objective: This study aims to determine how big the influence of the relationship between the diet of CKD patients and the body mass index of patients undergoing hemodialysis to improve the quality of life of CKD patients.
Method: The type of research used is quantitative research with a correlational design to determine whether there is a relationship between variables using experimental research. The population in this study that became the study population were all hemodialysis patients at the AD Pusdikkes Hospital. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The research instrument used is a questionnaire. The questionnaire is not standardized so that validity and reliability tests are carried out. In this study, the analysis used the chi-square test.
Results: the results of the chi-square test showed that the p-value (0.028) <0.05 then Ha was accepted or there was a relationship between the diet of CKD patients and the patient's body mass index.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the analysis of the relationship between the evaluation of hemodialysis patients at RS Dik Pusdikkes Kodiklat AD, 9 respondents had a poor diet with a body mass index in the lean category of 6 people (66.7%) and the normal category of 3 people (33.3%). And 11 respondents have a good diet relationship with body mass index in the thin category of 2 people (40.0%) and the normal category of 12 people (60%).
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kecemasan Ibu Hamil menjelang Persalinan
Authors: Siswanto Amelia , Susaldi Susaldi , Carolina Batu Anastasia , Khafifah Wulandari Feria , Mistiana Intan , Juliska Liya , Resnawati Resnawati
Published: December 2021

Latar Belakang: Kecemasan dan kekhawatiran adalah penyakit mental yang paling umum di dunia. Kecemasan masih dianggap sebagai pengalaman alami bagi semua manusia dan telah dianggap sebagai bagian dari kehidupan sehari-hari. Namun, jika kecemasan berkepanjangan dan tidak dikelola dengan baik, dapat menyebabkan syok emosional dan efek buruk pada tubuh, yang dapat berubah menjadi penyakit kronis.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat faktor-faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan kecemasan ibu hamil menjelang persalinan di Indonesia.
Metode: Literatur review dilakukan dengan mengekstrak 6 Jurnal ilmiah tentang faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kecemasan ibu hamil menjelang persalinan di Indonesia. Jurnal ini diambil dari website Google Scholar kemudian dipilih dengan menetapkan limit atau filter yaitu antara tahun 2015-2020, formal full text dengan kata kunci: kecemasan, ibu hamil, dan persalinan.
Hasil: Hasil analisis dari literatur riview menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kecemasan ibu hamil menjelang persalinan di Indonesia dari 6 jurnal ilmiah yang dilakukan review oleh penelilti diperoleh hasil dari beberapa jurnal yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara Pengetahuan, Dukungan Keluarga, dan Paritas dengan kejadian kecemasan ibu hamil menjelang persalinan.
Kesimpulan: Adanya hubungan pengetahuan ibu hamil trisemester III, usia ibu, paritas ibu, dan dukungan keluarga terhadap tingkat kecemasan ibu hamil.
The 2001 Meetings of the World Society for Ekistics — Berlin, 24-28 October
Authors: Of Ekistics Athens Center
Published: December 2021

As part of its multiple activities, the World Society for Ekistics organizes a series of annual meetings which consist of:

An Executive Council Meeting

A C.A. Doxiadis Lecture

A Symposion on a theme corresponding to its program of priorities, and

A General Assembly of members

At the 2000 meetings in Čelákovice, Czech Republic, the General Assembly expressed interest in having the 2001 meetings in Berlin. In response, the President, Professor Udo E. Simonis, extended an invitation to the Society to hold the meetings on the premises of the Science Center Berline on 24-28 October.
Cities and energy: The sustainability (r)evolution
Authors: Mega Voula
Published: December 2021

The author graduated as an engineer from the National Technical University of Athens, and completed her DEA at the National Geographical Institute in Paris. She continued with a DEA at the French Institute of City Planning where she also obtained her Ph.D. Her post-doctorate studies include research on Regional Policy at Oxford Brookes University and Environmental Economics at Harvard University. She started her career as Special Adviser to the Greek Ministry of Transport and Communications, and the European Union. She has been an official of the European Union and Research Manager at the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. She has co-written 25 EU publications, and has published nearly 100 articles on sustainable development, urban dynamics, regional capital, city and spatial policy and cultural value-added. She worked as a consultant on issues of sustainable development at the Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). She is now Scientific Officer at the Directorate General for Research, European Commission, Brussels, where her main duties are on energy research. The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper presented at the World Society for Ekistics Symposion"Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.
Principles of intelligent urbanism: The case of the new Capital Plan for Bhutan
Authors: Benninger Christopher Charles
Published: December 2021

Christopher Benninger has lived and worked in India for the past 30 years. He founded the School of Planning at Ahmedabad (1971) and the Centre for Development Studies and Activities in Pune ( 1976). He studied Urban Planning at M.l.T. and architecture at Harvard, where he was later a professor of architecture. While at Harvard he became actively involved with the World Society for Ekistics (WSE) through his colleagues Barbara Ward and Jaqueline Tyrwhitt. He attended the 1967 Delos Symposion, where he was deeply influenced by C.A.Doxiadis and the Ekistics movement. Benninger has prepared urban plans for Bhutan, where he is designing the new capital, India and Sri Lanka. He has been involved in advisory work for the World Bank, the UNO and the Asian Development Bank in Africa, Southeast Asia and the Subcontinent. His architectural studio has won the Designer of the Year Award (1999); American Institute of Architect's Award (2000) and other awards. He has published articles in journals in America, Europe and Asia. He is on the Board of Editors of Cities, U.K. The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.
Part 3: Anthropos
Authors: Of Ekistics Athens Center
Published: December 2021

This section introduces Part 3: Anthropos of the current issue, vol. 69, no. 412-414.
Urban intensification in New Zealand
Authors: Rae Barry
Published: December 2021

The author is a consultant urban designer/planner/architect and Director of Barry Rae Transurban Ltd, consultants on urban development, based in Auckland, New Zealand. He is a graduate of the Athens Center of Ekistics and a member of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.
A future for Athens
Authors: Papageorgiou-Venetas Alexander
Published: December 2021

The author, an architect and town planner, graduated from the Faculty of Architecture of the Athens Technical University, specialized in town planning in Paris, and obtained his Ph. D in urban design at the Technical University of West Berlin. After a ten-year period of practicing architecture in Athens where he conducted several studies for the Greek Tourism Organization (hotels), the Archaeological Service of Greece (landscaping of excavation areas) and private clients, he has been working mainly in Germany (Berlin and Munich) as well as in Greece as an urban designer in a wide scope of activities, including teaching, research and a planning consultancy. His special interest focuses on urban conservation, planning and urban history. He has worked with the Freie Planungsgruppe Berlin and the Burckhard Planconsulť Basel.He has elaborated major planning development and preservation schemes for the Greek state (Chios Tourist Development, Mykonos-Delos Development Plan, Chania Old Town Preservation Scheme) and acted as an expert for UNESCO (1970, Iran) and the UNCHS (1982, Yugoslavia). As an advisor to the Greek Minister of Culture ( 1974- 1977) he coordinated the Greek participation in the U.N. Vancouver Conference on Human Settlements (1976) and in the European Architectural Heritage Year (1975). He has also acted as the liaison officer between the National Greek Committee and the UNESCO experts for the Acropolis conservation campaign. He has taught as a visiting professor in Berlin (1969-1970), Stuttgart (1981-1982) and Munich (1996-1997) and was for 10 years (1976-1985) Professor of Urban History at the Post-Graduate Center "Raymond Lemaire" for the Conservation of the Architectural and Urban Heritage in Bruges and Louvain/Belgium. He has elaborated major research studies on European planning history and planning issues of his native town Athens, and is considered an authority on the town planning history of modern Athens.