bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus with anti‐programmed cell death‐1 therapy
Authors: Okamoto Masahide , Okamoto Mitsuhiro , Gotoh Koro , Masaki Takayuki , Ozeki Yoshinori , Ando Hisae , Anai Manabu , Sato Asami , Yoshida Yuichi , Ueda So , Kakuma Tetsuya , Shibata Hirotaka
Published: April 2016

Anti‐programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) antibodies are regarded as a risk factor for insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus as a side‐effect. While a small number of cases have been reported, evidence remains limited. This is the first report of an Asian patient developing insulin‐dependent diabetes during anti‐PD‐1 therapy. A 55‐year‐old euglycemic woman receiving nivolumab for malignant melanoma showed abrupt onset of ketonuria, and elevated levels of plasma glucose (580 mg/dL) and hemoglobin A1c (7.0%). Over the next 2 weeks, serum C‐peptide levels fell below the limit of detection. Islet autoantibodies were negative, and the patient showed a human leukocyte antigen haplotype associated with type 1 diabetes. Anti‐PD‐1 therapy can cause rapid onset of insulin‐dependent diabetes, possibly because of inappropriate activation of T cells. Human leukocyte antigen haplotypes might be related to the onset of this disease. Physicians should be aware of this serious adverse event and carry out routine blood glucose testing during anti‐PD‐1 therapy.
Spatiotemporal fluctuations in natural selection acting on the gall‐parasitic aphid Tetraneura sorini
Authors: Muramatsu K. , Akimoto S.
Published: April 2016

The measurement of the selection gradient is crucial for understanding the magnitude of selection acting directly on a trait and predicting the evolutionary trajectory of that trait. This study evaluated the selection gradient acting on the morphology of the gall‐parasitic aphid Tetraneura sorini during the galling process and compared the strength among populations. Gall formers (first instars) frequently fight with conspecifics or heterospecifics for usurping incipient galls using their well‐developed hind legs. First instars that successfully acquired galls were found within galls, whereas those that failed were found dead on leaf surfaces. Selection gradients were estimated using logistic stepwise regression and partial least square (PLS) regression. Calculated selection differentials indicated that first instars that secured galls were larger in body size than failed individuals through all populations. However, selection gradients on weapon traits varied largely among populations or among years in the same population. We confirmed microevolutionary changes in the relationship between traits, which accorded with the expectation from changes in the selection gradients. When gall formers were transferred onto developing buds individually, individuals that successfully induced galls had smaller body size than failed individuals. Available evidence suggests that the selection gradient on body size becomes higher with an increasing proportion of T. sorini in the Tetraneura species community. Thus, we concluded that more intense fighting with conspecifics leads to stronger selective pressure on body size, but that selective pressure for each trait is variable depending on differences in the tactics and species composition among populations.
Effect of microscope parameter and specimen thickness of spatial resolution of transmission electron backscatter diffraction
Authors: WANG Y.Z. , KONG M.G. , LIU Z.W. , LIN C.C. , ZENG Y.
Published: April 2016

The spatial resolution of transmission electron backscatter diffraction (t‐EBSD) with a standard conventional EBSD detector was evaluated quantitatively based on the calculation of the correlation coefficient of transmission patterns which were acquired across a twin boundary in the sample of austenitic steel. The results showed that the resolution of t‐EBSD improved from tens of nanometres to below 10 nm with increasing accelerating voltage and thinning of specimen thickness. High voltage could enhance the penetration depth and reduce the scattering angle. And the thinning of specimen thickness would result in decreasing of the scattering events according to the theory of thermal diffuse scattering (TDS). In addition, the transmission patterns were found to be weak and noisy if the specimen was too thin, because of the decreasing intensity detected by the screen. Consequently, in this work, the best spatial resolution of 7 nm was achieved at 30 kV and 41 nm thickness. Moreover, the specimen thickness range was also discussed using Monte‐Carlo simulation. This approach was helpful to account for the differences of measured spatial resolutions, by t‐EBSD, of lamellas with different thickness.
Nuclear transport dysfunction: a common theme in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Jovičić Ana , Paul Joseph W. , Gitler Aaron D.
Published: April 2016

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are neurodegenerative diseases with overlapping genetic factors and pathology. On the cellular level, a majority of ALS and FTD cases are characterized by nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic aggregation of otherwise nuclear proteins, TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43), or fused in sarcoma. Recent studies investigating cellular pathways perturbed by genetic risk factors for ALS/FTD converge on nucleocytoplasmic transport dysfunction as a mechanism leading to disease pathophysiology.

image

We propose that mutations in FUS and hexanucleotide expansions in C9orf72 and aging all converge on the impairment of nucleocytoplasmic transport, which results in the hallmark pathological feature of ALS/FTD ‐ cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP‐43 or FUS.

This article is part of the Frontotemporal Dementia special issue.
The Odyssey of Episodic Memories: Identifying the Paths and Processes Through Which They Contribute to Well‐Being
Authors: Philippe Frederick L. , Bernard‐Desrosiers Léa
Published: April 2016

Objective:

This research highlights the processes through which lasting episodic memories and their characterized level of need satisfaction (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) can impact well‐being, both at the situational level and over time.

Method:

Study 1 (N = 92, Mage = 42.07 years, 72% female) investigated the effect of the unconscious activation of a personal episodic memory on situational well‐being using a subliminal priming procedure. Study 2 (N = 275, Mage = 22.45 years, 84% female) followed the odyssey of an episodic memory by examining at various points over time its abstraction into perceptions of general need satisfaction and its long‐term effect on well‐being.

Results:

Study 1 revealed that the activation of a need‐satisfying memory produced an immediate increase in well‐being, whereas the triggering of a need‐thwarting memory led to an immediate decrease in well‐being compared to controls. Study 2 revealed little influence of individual differences, but need satisfaction in episodic memories had a significant cumulative impact on well‐being at different points in time over months and was abstracted into greater perceptions of general need satisfaction over time.

Conclusion:

Results provide convincing evidence for the directive function of memories on well‐being, both at the situational level and over time.
Identification of Aboriginal children using linked administrative data: Consequences for measuring inequalities
Authors: Gialamas Angela , Pilkington Rhiannon , Berry Jesia , Scalzi Daniel , Gibson Odette , Brown Alex , Lynch John
Published: April 2016

Aim

The aim of this study was to examine the identification of Aboriginal children in multiple administrative datasets and how this may affect estimates of health and development.

Methods

Data collections containing a question about Aboriginal ethnicity: birth registrations, perinatal statistics, Australian Early Development Census and school enrolments were linked to datasets recording developmental outcomes: national literacy and numeracy tests (National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy), Australian Early Development Census and perinatal statistics (birthweight) for South Australian children born 1999–2005 (n = 13 414–44 989). Six algorithms to derive Aboriginal ethnicity were specified. The proportions of children thus quantified were compared for developmental outcomes, including those scoring above the national minimum standard in year 3 National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy reading.

Results

The proportion of Aboriginal children identified varied from 1.9% to 4.7% when the algorithm incremented from once to ever identified as Aboriginal, the latter using linked datasets. The estimates of developmental outcomes were altered: for example, the proportion of Aboriginal children who performed above the national minimum standard in year 3 reading increased by 12 percentage points when the algorithm incremented from once to ever identified as Aboriginal. Similar differences by identification algorithm were seen for all outcomes.

Conclusions

The proportion of South Australian children identified as Aboriginal in administrative datasets, and hence inequalities in developmental outcomes, varied depending on which and how many data sources were used. Linking multiple administrative datasets to determine the Aboriginal ethnicity of the child may be useful to inform policy, interventions, service delivery and how well we are closing developmental gaps.
Prospective evaluation of the safety of compounded bulk material L‐asparaginase in dogs with lymphoma
Authors: Thiman J. , Northrup N. , Saba C. , Clarke D. , Regan R. , Hamilton T. , Lindell H. , Hofmeister E.
Published: April 2016

Use of compounded L‐asparaginase became routine in veterinary oncology when manufacturing of Elspar®was discontinued in 2012. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of compounded L‐asparaginase (CLASP,KRSGlobal Biotechnology, Boca Raton,FL,USA) in comparison with Elspar®(LundbeckLLC, Deerfield,IL,USA). In addition, we documented the response toCLASPin combination with a corticosteroid in this population of dogs with lymphoma. Dogs were prospectively treated with 10 000IU/m2CLASPor Elspar®subcutaneously. Corticosteroids were administered concurrently. Adverse events (AE) were assessed according to the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v1.1 (VCOG‐CTCAE). Response was recorded. Seventy‐three dogs received 75 treatments (CLASP,n = 47; Elspar®,n = 28). NoAEwere attributed toCLASP. Grade I andII AEprobably or possibly related to treatment were observed following two Elspar®treatments. The overall response rate to the combination ofCLASPand a corticosteroid was 80% (24%CRand 56%PR). In combination with a steroid, the compounded L‐asparaginase evaluated in this study is safe and demonstrates activity against canine lymphoma. In the face of the discontinuation of Elspar®, veterinarians should seek compounded LASP products that have been tested for activity, purity, and sterility.
The Gao‐Guenie impact melt breccia—Sampling a rapidly cooled impact melt dike on an H chondrite asteroid?
Authors: Schmieder Martin , Kring David A. , Swindle Timothy D. , Bond Jade C. , Moore Carleton B.
Published: April 2016

The Gao‐Guenie H5 chondrite that fell on Burkina Faso (March 1960) has portions that were impact‐melted on an H chondrite asteroid at ~300 Ma and, through later impact events in space, sent into an Earth‐crossing orbit. This article presents a petrographic and electron microprobe analysis of a representative sample of the Gao‐Guenie impact melt breccia consisting of a chondritic clast domain, quenched melt in contact with chondritic clasts, and an igneous‐textured impact melt domain. Olivine is predominantly Fo80–82. The clast domain contains low‐Ca pyroxene. Impact melt‐grown pyroxene is commonly zoned from low‐Ca pyroxene in cores to pigeonite and augite in rims. Metal–troilite orbs in the impact melt domain measure up to ~2 mm across. The cores of metal orbs in the impact melt domain contain ~7.9 wt% of Ni and are typically surrounded by taenite and Ni‐rich troilite. The metallography of metal–troilite droplets suggest a stage I cooling rate of order 10 °C s−1 for the superheated impact melt. The subsolidus stage II cooling rate for the impact melt breccia could not be determined directly, but was presumably fast. An analogy between the Ni rim gradients in metal of the Gao‐Guenie impact melt breccia and the impact‐melted H6 chondrite Orvinio suggests similar cooling rates, probably on the order of ~5000–40,000 °C yr−1. A simple model of conductive heat transfer shows that the Gao‐Guenie impact melt breccia may have formed in a melt injection dike ~0.5–5 m in width, generated during a sizeable impact event on the H chondrite parent asteroid.
The origins of I‐type spherules and the atmospheric entry of iron micrometeoroids
Authors: Genge Matthew J.
Published: April 2016

The Earth's extraterrestrial dust flux includes a wide variety of dust particles that include FeNi metallic grains. During their atmospheric entry iron micrometeoroids melt and oxidize to form cosmic spherules termed I‐type spherules. These particles are chemically resistant and readily collected by magnetic separation and are thus the most likely micrometeorites to be recovered from modern and ancient sediments. Understanding their behavior during atmospheric entry is crucial in constraining their abundance relative to other particle types and the nature of the zodiacal dust population at 1 AU. This article presents numerical simulations of the atmospheric entry heating of iron meteoroids to investigate the abundance and nature of these materials. The results indicate that iron micrometeoroids experience peak temperatures 300–800 K higher than silicate particles explaining the rarity of unmelted iron particles which can only be present at sizes of <50 μm. The lower evaporation rates of liquid iron oxide leads to greater survival of iron particles compared with silicates, which enhances their abundance among micrometeorites by a factor of 2. The abundance of I‐types is shown to be broadly consistent with the abundance and size of metal in ordinary chondrites and the current day flux of ordinary chondrite‐derived MMs arriving at Earth. Furthermore, carbonaceous asteroids and cometary dust are suggested to make negligible contributions to the I‐type spherule flux. Events involving such objects, therefore, cannot be recognized from I‐type spherule abundances in the geological record.
Toward a Theory of Negotiation Precedent
Authors: Crump Larry
Published: April 2016

It is remarkable that precedents and their use have not been well explored within the negotiation literature. In this article, I examine the sparse knowledge of precedents and offer a preliminary framework for understanding the role of precedents in negotiation, including how negotiators establish and apply them. Precedents can either evolve randomly or be created with strategic intent. Understanding precedents generally involves examining how negotiators build, adopt, avoid, and reject them.

In this review of the existing literature, I identify twelve concepts and paradigms that are particularly relevant to our understanding of negotiation precedents. I also establish a research agenda and identify three methods for further developing our knowledge of precedents: applying path dependence theory from the field of international relations to a negotiation context; conducting experimental research in a laboratory setting involving subjects engaged in negotiation exercises that contain opportunities to apply precedents; and conducting field research with a focus on case methodology grounded in negotiation linkage theory and theories of negotiation dynamics. Finally, in this article, I formulate a two‐part framework on building and applying precedents, and offer managerial guidance for the negotiation practitioner. Precedents serve as a strategic technique and provide a source of power at that point in a negotiation when decisions are made.
PARTICIPATORY POLICYMAKING ACROSS CULTURAL COGNITIVE DIVIDES: TWO TESTS OF CULTURAL BIASING IN PUBLIC FORUM DESIGN AND DELIBERATION
Authors: GASTIL JOHN , KNOBLOCH KATHERINE R. , KAHAN DAN , BRAMAN DON
Published: April 2016

Deliberative theorists posit that highly structured face‐to‐face policy discussions can transcend ideological differences. By contrast, cultural cognitive theorists argue that people's cultural orientations constrain policy‐relevant information processing and forestall the public's ability to reach consensus. Two studies examine whether deliberative processes can span divergent cultural orientations. The first assesses a prominent deliberative forum programme's capacity to frame policy solutions across the quadrants of a two‐dimensional cultural grid. The second study examines whether deliberation generates policy recommendations that transcend biases to yield cross‐cultural agreement. Results show that public deliberation can encompass multiple cultural orientations and encourage participants to look beyond their biases to discover common ground. When it comes to framing and implementing deliberative public forums, cultural orientations appear to be surmountable obstacles.
Somatic Mosaicism for a “Lethal” GJB2 Mutation Results in a Patterned Form of Spiny Hyperkeratosis without Eccrine Involvement
Authors: Eskin‐Schwartz Marina , Metzger Yoav , Peled Alon , Weissglas‐Volkov Daphna , Malchin Natalia , Gat Andrea , Vodo Dan , Mevorah Baruch , Shomron Noam , Sprecher Eli , Sarig Ofer
Published: April 2016

Background

Spiny hyperkeratosis refers to a rare clinical phenotype characterized by nonfollicular keratotic projections and sometimes associated with other acquired and inherited conditions. We describe a case of congenital patterned spiny hyperkeratosis.

Methods

To identify the cause of this disorder, we used a combination of whole exome sequencing, direct sequencing and TaqMan assay.

Results

We found that the peculiar clinical features displayed by the patient are due to somatic mosaicism for a heterozygous mutation in the GJB2 gene.

Conclusion

Because histopathologic examination of two independent biopsies did not reveal porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus (PEODDN), previously reported to result from somatic mutations in GJB2, it appears that mutations in this gene can cause nevoid spiny hyperkeratosis in the context of PEODDN or as an isolated finding.
German Exceptionalism? An Empirical Analysis of 20 Years of Law and Order Legislation
Authors: Wenzelburger Georg , Staff Helge
Published: April 2016

German law and order policies have been described as exceptional compared to other Western industrialized countries in that they seem to have been immune to a general trend toward increased toughness. However, recent studies have cast some doubt on this finding. The present article addresses this divergence and contributes to the literature in two respects. First, drawing on a new dataset on German federal legislation on law and order (1994‐2013), we show that a slight trend toward tougher legislation is visible although talking about a “punitive turn” would be largely exaggerated. Second, we find that the explanation of this pattern is to be found in the peculiarities of the German political system which seems to have constrained any attempts to implement tougher policies: strong institutional veto points have hindered far‐reaching proposals from being adopted and have pushed German law and order policies toward a middle way.

Related Articles

Butz,Adam,Michael P.Fix, andJoshua L.Mitchell.2015. “.”Politics & Policy43():347‐377.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12116/abstract

David,Charles‐Philippe.2015. “.”Politics & Policy43():163‐195.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12106/abstract

Jenkins‐Smith,Hank C., andKerry G.Herron2009. “.”Politics & Policy37(): 1095‐1129.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00215.x/abstract

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Influence of site and stand factors on Hymenoscyphus fraxineus‐induced basal lesions
Authors: Marçais B. , Husson C. , Godart L. , Caël O.
Published: April 2016

Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is an invasive fungus in Europe and causes a severe decline affecting ash, which began in the late 1990s. One of the symptoms associated with the disease is lesions in the outer bark of the collar area. However, the aetiology of these basal lesions, and in particular the relative roles of H. fraxineus and Armillaria species, is still controversial; moreover, little is known about the influence of environmental factors on the disease epidemiology. This study therefore surveyed 42 plots located in northeastern France, in an area affected by ash decline since 2008, in order to determine which environmental factors condition the severity of lesions associated with H. fraxineus on ash collar. The spatial pattern that is a consequence of the invasive spread of the disease was taken into account in the analysis, using a spatial hierarchical Bayesian model fitted by integrated nested laplace approximation (INLA). Results show that while basal lesions are tightly associated with H. fraxineus, their severity is influenced by the Armillaria species present in the plot. Sites with vegetation indicating moist conditions, or more humid topographical positions, were associated with more developed basal lesions.
BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL AND LIPID PROFILE OF ALLOXAN–INDUCED DIABETIC RATS TREATED WITH NA-ALGINATE FROM SEAWEED Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J.Agardh
Authors: Husni Amir , Pawestri Setyaning , Isnansetyo Alim
Published: April 2016

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder due to insulin deficiency, insulin resistance or inability of β-cells of pancreas to produce insulin. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of Na-alginate from Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J.Agardh on glucose level and lipid profile in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Na-alginate was extracted from T. ornata then analyzed by TLC and FTIR. In vivo test was performed on alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic rats. In vivo parameters evaluated were body weight, blood glucose and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, and triglyceride). In vivo test was conducted by a complete randomized design with six treatments, 0.5 % CMC-Na, glibenclamide 5 mg kg–1, Na-alginate 200 mg kg–1, Na-alginate 400 mg kg–1, Na-alginate 600 mg kg–1, and NaCl 0.9 % per each five replications. The results showed that Na-alginate at 600 mg·kg–1 increased weight of rat significantly comparing to normal control. Na-alginate 600 mg kg–1also lowered preprandial and postprandial glucose better than other doses. Increasing dose of Na-alginate lowered total cholesterol, increased HDL-c, and lowered LDL-c. The higher dose of alginate gave greater effect on diabetic rats. However, Na-alginate did not affect the triglyceride.
ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF Caulerpa recemosa, Sargassum sp. AND Gracillaria verrucosa USING DIFFERENT SOLVENTS
Authors: Rusli Arham , Metusalach Metusalach , Muhammad Tahir Mulyati , Salengke Salengke , Syamsuar Syamsuar
Published: April 2016

This study aimed to analyze the bioactive compounds of Caulerpa recemosa, Sargassum sp., and Gracillaria verrucosa from Makssar Strait using three different solvents i.e. acetone, ethanol , and methanol. Samples of the seaweed C. recemosa collected from marine waters of Takalar regency, while Sargassum sp. and G. verrucosa were collected from marine waters of Pangkep regency which is part of the Makassar Strait. Seaweed crude extract qualitatively analyzed using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The treatment applied in this studi is Sargassum sp. with acetone solvent, Sargassum sp. with ethanol solvent, Sargassum sp. with methanol solvent, C. recemosa with acetone solvent, C. recemosa with ethanol solvent, C. recemosa with methanol solvent, G. verrucosa with acetone solvent, G. verrucosa with ethanol solvent, and G. verrucosa with methanol solvent. Parameters measure were the total extract yield, total phenolic content and phytochemical compound of seaweed crude extrac. The result showed that the content of bioactive compounds crude extract of seaweed is affected by the species of seaweed and solvents used in extraction process. The crude extract of C. recemosa produces better bioactive compounds than the crude extract of G. verrucosa and Sargassum sp. as shown by the yield and total phenolic content of crude extract. The best solvent used in extracting bioactive compounds of C. recemosa is methanol. Identified phytochemical compounds from the crude extract of C. recemosa, are flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenols.
STUDY OF GROWTH AND N, P CONTENT OF MICROALGAE Chlorella vulgaris CULTIVATED IN DIFFERENT CULTURE MEDIA AND LIGHT INTENSITY
Authors: Edwin Satriaji Dedi , Zainuri Muhammad , Widowati Ita
Published: April 2016

Different light intensity and different media types were used to test their effects on algal growth and biochemical composition of cell content to optimize the growth of algal biomass production. Analysis of the results includes growth calculation of Chlorella vulgaris obtained from 6 d observations for 12 h a day (06:00 am to 06:00 pm) with 3 h breaks in between observation. Laboratory analysis was done at the end of day 5th to determine the content of N, and P. Density of C. vulgaris were influenced by both light intensity and media. Differences media type and light intensity as separated parameters and their interactions significantly (p < 0.05) affected on the growth and nitrogen and phosphor content of C. vulgaris. The highest density of  2 310 × 104 cells · mL–1 was on day 4 with walne media resulting in specific growth rate (µ) of 0.43 per day with a  light intensity of 5 000 lux, and the lowest density of 725 × 104 cells · mL–1 was in day 4 with the NPK media and specific growth rate (µ) 0.25 per day with a light intensity of 4 000 lux. The highest nitrogen and phosphorus content (16.12 mg and 28.19 mg) was obtained from walne medium with a light intensity of 5000 lux, and the lowest (3.43 mg and 2.17 mg) was obtained from NPK with a light intensity of 4 000 lux.
AN INTRODUCTION TO FLOATING TREATMENT WETLANDS AND ITS APPLICATION POTENTIAL FOR REMEDIATION OF CITARUM WATERSHED, INDONESIA
Authors: Indriatmoko Indriatmoko , Pandoe Prahoro Raden
Published: April 2016

Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) are considered the most applicable and cost effective instrument for aquatic pollutant removal. This aquaponic–based bioremediation has become a potential alternative solution since inorganic (physical and chemical) treatment is seen to be ineffective for large–scale polluted objects. Numerous investigations have proved that FTWs are potential to decrease major pollutant concentration in water e.g., nitrogen, phosphate, as well as heavy metals. This treatment is applicable by using different macrophytes species. Depending on its pollutant target, the use of macrophytes will vary to its pollutant which will be removed. There are only limited reports available relating to application of macrophytes as pollutant removal applied in Indonesia. Citarum watershed is known as one of the most polluted aquatic area in Indonesia. It urgently needs a suitable method of water pollutant removal in this area. This paper aims to describe the application of FTWs as one of remediation methods that harnesses a significant potential because of its low-cost, eco-friendly, and sustainable nature for water restoration.
THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF SKIPJACK TUNA (Katsuwonus pelamis) “BAKASANG”
Authors: Robinson Wenno Max , Suprayitno Eddy , Aulanni’am Aulanni’am , Hardoko Hardoko
Published: April 2016

Bakasang is a traditional fermented fish product which is often used as condiments. This study aimed to determine the physical and chemical characteristics and potential ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibitor of bakasang. Color and viscosity were physical characteristics measured in which color was presented in value of L* (36.05), a* (18.76), b* (15.65), while viscosity value was 6 950 cP. The result of chemical characteristics including salinity, acidity, pH, TVB-N and LAB were 72 %, 2.56 %, 4.66, 36.88 mg N per 100 g and 3.32 log CFU g–1 respectively. Proximate and amino acid compositions analysis were also identified, resulting in 14.77 % protein, 1.11 % fat, 57.15 % moisture, 25.97 % ash and 1.00 % carbohydrate while the predominant amino acid found was histidine. The ACE inhibitory activity of the isolated bioactive peptides of bakasang was 68.80 %.
ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY ASSOCIATED WITH EASTERN LITTLE TUNA [Eutynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849)] CATCHES: A CASE FOR THE NORTH INDRAMAYU WATERS, JAVA SEA
Authors: Syamsuddin Mega , Sunarto Sunarto , Yuliadi Lintang
Published: April 2016

Environmental variability during El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) derived from satellite imagery of Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll a were investigated during 2010 to 2014. This study investigates how ocean climate variability of ENSO affects environmental conditions and further addresses their relations with Eastern Little Tuna catches. Changes in environmental conditions during ENSO events resulted in perceivable variations in catches, with an average catches of 839.6 t during El Niño. The La Niña event, with an average catches of 602.6 t was less favorable for catches. Major fishing location located around 3.22-6.59ºS and 108.20-109.67ºE could have been suggested as the most favorable environmental condition to Eastern Little Tuna catch in the North Indramayu waters, Java Sea.
CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE EFFICIENCY USING ALGAE BIOLOGICAL ABSORBENT AND SOLID ADSORBENT FOR BIOGAS PURIFICATION
Authors: Gamawati Adinurani Praptiningsih , Hendroko Setyobudi Roy , Krido Wahono Satriyo , Mel Maizirwan , Nindita Anggi , Purbajanti Endang , Sisbudi Harsono Soni , Rakoto Malala Andoniana , Salafudin Salafudin , Sasmito Andi
Published: April 2016

CO2 is the main gas impurity on biogas production which must be reduced to produce optimum CH4 content of biomethane. This biogas purification research was conducted at experiment field of PT Bumimas Ekapersada, Cikarang, Bekasi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia from April until June 2013. The research purpose was compare the purification results of four sorption materials: (i) imported products of solid adsorbent; (ii) domestic products of solid adsorbent; (iii) biological absorbent of Scenedesmus sp., and (iv) wild algae which grow on cat fish (Clarias gariepinus) pond as biological liquid absorbent. This research was repeated six times to produce average (in percentage) of CO2 capture efficiency and used t test as statistical inference. Solid adsorbent test utilized a cylinder measured (diameter × length) 10 cm × 50 cm, filled with 2.3 kg to 2.5 kg adsorbent materials. Liquid absorbent test utilized a cylinder measured (diameter × length) 10 cm × 100 cm. The test results showed that there were no significant statistical different among the sorption materials. Therefore, imported products of solid adsorbent can be replaced by domestic products and solid adsorbent can be replaced also by biological absorbent of Scenedesmus sp. and/ or wild algae absorbent.
ECTOPARASITES AND VIBRIOS ASSOCIATED WITH FATTENING CULTURED MUD CRABS [Scylla serrata (Forsskal, 1775)] FROM PEMALANG COAST, INDONESIA
Authors: Sarjito Sarjito , Herjuno Condro Haditomo Alfabetian , Desrina Desrina , Bagus Ferinandika Ferdian , Setyaningsih Lilik , Budi Prayitno Slamet
Published: April 2016

Infectious of ectoparasites and vibrios were  found as a problem in fattening mud crab. The aims of this study were to determine the clinical sign of infected mud crabs and to identify the ectoparasites and generic vibrio in the fattening mud crabs from Pemalang Coast, Indonesia. Ectoparasites were collected by smear method. Whereas, 20 isolates were collected from hepatopancreas, gills, hemolymph and injured carapace of the mud crabs. Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Salt Sucrose (TCBS) medium was used to isolate suspected vibrios. The clinical signs of mud crabs infected by ectoparasites were shown through the damaged gills and the attachment of other organisms on the gills, whereas the clinical signs of mud crabs infected by vibriosis were shown through red spot on carapace and wound in carapace, claw and abdomen, followed by weak condition. It also indicated that seven ectoparasites were Ichthyobodo sp., Epistylis sp., Carchesium sp., Vorticela sp., Octolasmis sp., Lepeophtherius sp, and Copepodit sp., whilst five Vibrios were V. harveyi, V. Cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus and V. fischeri.
APPLICATION OF Spirulina platensis ON ICE CREAM AND SOFT CHEESE WITH RESPECT TO THEIR NUTRITIONAL AND SENSORY PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Winarni Agustini Tri , Farid Ma’ruf Widodo , Widayat Widayat , Suzery Meiny , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Benjakul Soottawat
Published: April 2016

Application of Spirulina platensis (Gomont) Geitler into food product can be used for producing functional food and improve its nutritional value. However, some bioactive compounds containing in S. platensis are heat sensitive, therefore processing techniques need to be strictly considered. It is necessary to observe the application of S. platensis powder into different products of ice cream and soft cheese in which the application of S. platensis was in relatively low temperature to protect its bioactive compounds from damage. S. platensis contains approximately 55 % to 70% of protein and its utilization on food product can be expected to improve the nutritional value. Innovation technique to produce such kind of product should respect to its acceptance by panelist using sensory test. Therefore, the objective of this research was to find out maximum concentration of S. platensis that can be added to the product and acceptable based on sensory and physical properties point of view. Experimental design used in this research was Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by HSD–test. The results showed that addition of 1 % and 1.2 % S. platensis were considered as the best concentration for soft cheese and ice cream, respectively. Addition of S. platensis gave significant effect to protein, water, fat, β carotene and texture (soft cheese) and protein, total solid, fat and total sugar, overrun, melting point and sensory (ice cream).
Energy Efficient Linear Drive Axis Using a Hydraulic Switching Converter
Authors: Kogler Helmut , Scheidl Rudolf
Published: April 2016

Digital hydraulics uses simple and cheap on/off valves in order to replace expensive proportional valves. Furthermore, with fast switching hydraulic converters the energy efficiency can be raised compared to proportional valve control. The hydraulic buck converter (HBC) represents an energy efficient and cost-effective switched inertance system, because its inductance is realized by a simple pipe. In this paper, a prototype for a hydraulic linear cylinder drive controlled by an HBC is presented. Characteristic for this drive axis is that the HBC is directly mounted on the cylinder, which allows a reduction of the oil transport loss between the axis and the hydraulic power supply unit. Furthermore, piston accumulators are used for decoupling and pressure attenuation. Due to their robustness regarding the prepressure to operating pressure, the load pressure can be controlled arbitrary in the piston-sided chamber. The energy performance and the tracking behavior of the axis with a flatness-based control (FBC) are investigated by steady-state measurements and dynamic trajectories, respectively. The results are discussed and an outlook about further improvements of the concept is provided.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Precessing Helical Vortex in a Conical Diffuser, With Rotor–Stator Interaction
Authors: Javadi A. , Bosioc A. , Nilsson H. , Muntean S. , Susan-Resiga R.
Published: April 2016

The flow unsteadiness generated in a swirl apparatus is investigated experimentally and numerically. The swirl apparatus has two parts: a swirl generator and a test section. The swirl generator which includes two blade rows, one stationary and one rotating, is designed such that the emanating flow at free runner rotational speed resembles that of a Francis hydroturbine operated at partial discharge. The test section consists of a conical diffuser similar to the draft tube cone of a Francis turbine. Several swirling flow regimes are produced, and the laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) measurements are performed along three survey axes in the test section for different runner rotational speeds (400–920 rpm), with a constant flow rate, 30 l/s. The measured mean velocity components and its fluctuating parts are used to validate the results of unsteady numerical simulations, conducted using the foam-extend-3.0 CFD code. Furthermore, phase-averaged pressure measured at two positions in the draft tube is compared with those of numerical simulations. A dynamic mesh is used together with the sliding general grid interfaces (GGIs) to mimic the effect of the rotating runner. The delayed detached-eddy simulation method, conjugated with the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model (DDES–SA), is applied to achieve a deep insight about the ability of this advanced modeling technique and the physics of the flow. The RNG k−ε model is also used to represent state-of-the-art of industrial turbulence modeling. Both models predict the mean velocity reasonably well while DDES–SA presents more realistic flow features at the highest and lowest rotational speeds. The highest level of turbulence occurs at the highest and lowest rotational speeds which DDES–SA is able to predict well in the conical diffuser. The special shape of the blade plays more prominent role at lower rotational speeds and creates coherent structures with opposite sign of vorticity. The vortex rope is captured by both turbulence models while DDES–SA presents more realistic one at higher rotational speeds.
Effects of Joule Heating and Convective Boundary Conditions on Magnetohydrodynamic Peristaltic Flow of Couple-Stress Fluid
Authors: Noreen Saima
Published: April 2016

Peristaltic motion of couple-stress fluid with Joule heating through asymmetric channel under the effect of magnetic field is investigated. Robin-type (convective) boundary conditions are employed. The basic equations of couple-stress fluid are modeled in wave frame of reference by utilizing long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximation. Numerical solution of the resulting problem is analyzed. The effects of various parameters of interest on the velocity, pressure rise, and temperature are discussed and illustrated graphically.
Casing Treatment for Desensitization of Compressor Performance and Stability to Tip Clearance
Authors: Cevik Mert , Duc Vo Huu , Yu Hong
Published: April 2016

This paper presents the development of a novel casing treatment to reduce compressor performance and stall margin sensitivities to tip clearance increase. A linked research project on blade design strategies for desensitization had discovered two flow features that reduce sensitivity to tip clearance, namely increased incoming meridional momentum in the rotor tip region and reduction/elimination of double tip leakage flow. Double tip leakage flow is the flow that exits one tip clearance and enters the tip clearance of the circumferentially adjacent blade instead of convecting downstream out of the blade passage. A new and practical casing treatment was developed and analyzed through Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to decrease double tip leakage and reduce or even eliminate performance and stall margin sensitivity to tip clearance size. The casing treatment design consists of sawtooth-shaped circumferential indentations placed on the shroud over the rotor with a depth on the order of the tip clearance size. A detailed analysis of the flow field allowed for the elucidation of the flow mechanism associated with this casing treatment. A computational parametric study gave preliminary design rules for minimizing both performance/stall margin sensitivity to tip clearance and nominal performance loss. An improved casing indentation design was produced for which CFD simulations showed a complete desensitization of pressure ratio and stall margin while reducing efficiency sensitivity significantly for the tip clearance range studied with only a very small penalty in nominal pressure ratio. Further simulations showed that this casing treatment can be combined with desensitizing blade design strategies to further reduce tip sensitivity and reduce/eliminate/reverse nominal performance penalty. Lastly, preliminary CFD simulations on an axial compressor stage indicate that this shallow indentations' casing treatment strategy remains effective in a stage environment.
Identification of Pulsation Mechanism in a Transonic Three-Stream Airblast Injector
Authors: Strasser Wayne , Battaglia Francine
Published: April 2016

Acoustics and ligament formation within a self-generating and self-sustaining pulsating three-stream injector are analyzed and discussed due to the importance of breakup and atomization of jets for agricultural, chemical, and energy-production industries. An extensive parametric study was carried out to evaluate the effects of simulation numerics and boundary conditions using various comparative metrics. Numerical considerations and boundary conditions made quite significant differences in some parameters, which stress the importance of using documented and consistent numerical discretization recipes when comparing various flow conditions and geometries. Validation exercises confirmed that correct droplet sizes could be produced computationally, the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of droplets/ligaments could be quantified, and the trajectory of a droplet intersecting a shock wave could be accurately tracked. Swirl had a minor impact by slightly moving the ligaments away from the nozzle outlet and changing the spray to a hollow cone shape. Often, metrics were synchronized for a given simulation, indicating that a common driving mechanism was responsible for all the global instabilities, namely, liquid bridging and fountain production with shockletlike structures. Interestingly, both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the experimental non-Newtonian primary droplet size results, when normalized by distance from the injector, showed an inversely proportional relationship with injector distance. Another important outcome was the ability to apply the models developed to other nozzle geometries, liquid properties, and flow conditions or to other industrial applications.
Parametric Analysis of a PULSCO Vent Silencer
Authors: Tohid Usama , Genger Chris , Kaiser John , Accorsi Ilaria , Pacheco-Vega Arturo
Published: April 2016

We have conducted a parametric study via numerical simulations of a PULSCO vent silencer. The overall objective is to demonstrate the existence of an optimum system performance for a given set of operating conditions i.e., temperature, pressure, mass flow-rate and the working fluid, by modifying the corresponding geometry of the device. The vent silencer under consideration consists of a perforated diffuser, the silencer body and a tube module. The tube module consists of a set of tubes through which the working fluid passes. The flow tubes are perforated and surrounded with acoustic packing that is responsible for the attenuation. The mathematical model of the vent silencer is built upon Helmholtz equation for the plane wave solution, and the Delany-Bazley model for the acoustic packing. The geometrical parameters chosen for the parametric study include: the porosity of the diffuser and the flow tubes, the type of packing material used for the tube module, bulk density for the acoustic packing and the hole diameter of the perforated diffuser and flow tubes. The equations of the mathematical model are discretized over the computational domain and solved with a finite element method. Numerical results in terms of transmission loss, for the system, indicate that diffuser hole size of 1/4” with porosity of 0.1, flow tube hole size of 1/8” with porosity of 0.23, packing density of 16 kg/m3 for TRS-10 and 100 kg/m3 for Advantex provided the optimum results for the chosen set of conditions. The numerical results were found to be in agreement with experimental data.
Self-Assembly of Ordered SiO2@Au Core-Shell Nanoparticle Arrays
Authors: Yang Huan , Shao Jinyou , Li Ben Q.
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a wet-based self-assembly process for nano-fabricating 1-D arrays of spherical nanoparticles and/or gold-nanoshells with controllable inter-particle distance for near infrared optical communications and for plasmon polariton waveguides featured with the lateral mode size below the optical diffraction limit. The process entails two main procedures. First, the SiO2 nanoparticle colloidal solution was restricted to flow through the gap between the patterned substrate and the cover slip, and the particles, trapped in the patterned, recessed regions, self-assembled to form closely arranged SiO2 particle arrays. These SiO2 particle arrays then acted as a template with which SiO2@Au nanoshell particle arrays of interest with desirable interparticle distance were obtained by repeating the above procedure with SiO2@Au dispersed solution. The needed high quality SiO2@Au core-shell nanoparticles with tunable surface plasma resonance also were synthesized in our laboratory using the seed-and-grow method. Results show that, with this method, the interparticle distance of the nanoshell particle arrays can be controlled by a proper selection of the patterned groove and the sizes of SiO2 and SiO2@Au nanoshell particles. As demonstrated by experiment, the method is general and can be applied to obtain nanoparticle particle arrays of other materials with controllable distance.
Predictive Model for the Cell Passing Pressure in Deformation-Based CTC Chips
Authors: Zhang Zhifeng , Xu Jie , Chen Xiaolin
Published: April 2016

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood stream have known to have cancer seeding effects and cause cancer metastases. Detection of CTCs plays an important role in early cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. A new technique of using microfluidic devices for CTC detection (CTC-chips) provides a promising solution. Among various CTC-chip designs, label-free chips based on cell size and deformability have the advantages of structural simplicity, stable performance, low cost and ease of use. In deformation-based CTC-chips, the threshold pressure required to pass CTCs through the chips is a key parameter of informing the CTC filtering capability and device sensitivity. Most existing models for the threshold pressure in deformation-based CTC-chips are based on quasi-static Young-Laplace surface tension model. However, for modeling high throughput CTC-chips, dynamic terms such as pressure drop in the surrounding flow should be taken into consideration. In the present work, we consider liquid-liquid (cell-medium) interfacial tension along with the effect of fluid flow in the threshold pressure prediction, and propose a second order relationship between the threshold pressure and the reciprocal of hydraulic diameter of the filter channel. Based on the new equation, the effect of parameters such as surface tension coefficient, viscosity, velocity and channel roundness are studied. This predicative model can be a valuable tool to aid future design of high throughput CTC-chips.