bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Pertumbuhan Laba Pada PT. Toba Pulp Lestari Tbk
Authors: Br. Tungkir Agustina , Herosian Mila Yulia , Manalu Maria Cendika , Syahri M. Alvi
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine and analyze profit growth on financial ratios Current Ratio, Debt To Assets Ratio, and Total Assets Turn Over at the company PT. Toba Pulp Lestari Tbk. This research method is quantitative method with quantitative descriptive research. Data collection techniques using documentation techniques. The independent variables in this study are the Current Ratio, Debt To Assets Ratio, and Total Assets Turn Over. The dependent variable in this study is profit growth. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the F test value obtained is Fcount of 5.571 with a significant value of 0.065>0.05. The results of the T test show, a) the CR variable has a tcount of -0.099 with a significant value of 0.926>0.05; b) the DAR variable has a value of -tcount< ttable that is -3.662<2.0150; c) the TATO variable has a tcount of -0.916 with a significant value of 0.411>0.05. In conclusion, partially Current Ratio, Debt To Assetsratio, and Total Assets Turn Over have no effect on profit growth at PT. Toba Pulp Lestari Tbk. Simultaneously Current Ratio, Debt To Assets Ratio, and Total Assets Turn Over together affect profit growth at PT. Toba Pulp Lestari Tbk.

Keywords: Current Ratio, Debt to Assets Ratio, Profit Growth, Total Assets Turn Over
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Pendidikan, Pemuda Dan Olahraga (Disdikpora) Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Yulia Dede , Arnu Anggi Pasca
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine the partial and simultaneous influence between organizational culture, employee work environment on the performance of the employees of the Department of Education, Youth and Sports (DISDIKPORA), Karawang Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive and verification methods. The population in this study were 267 employees of the Office of Education, Youth and Sports (DISDIKPORA) Karawang Regency. The sample used in this study amounted to 157 employees. The sampling technique used in this study is a simple random sampling technique. The results showed that there was a partial influence of 28.2% between Organizational Culture on employee performance and there was a partial influence between the work environment and employee performance by 19.3%. Meanwhile, the simultaneous influence between organizational culture and work environment on employee performance is 47.5% and the influence of other variables outside the model is 52.5%. 47.5%. 

Keywords: Organizational Culture, Work Environment, Employee Performance.
Pengaruh Investment Opportunity Set Dan Kepemilikan Manajerial Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Kebijakan Hutang Sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Oktabrina Sheyla Salima , Inggarwati Komala
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of Investment Opportunity Set and Managerial Ownership to Firm Value through Debt Policy as Intervening Variable at Manufacture Company. The sample in this study were 27 companies from sub-sector Industrials. Stages of testing include outer model, reliability and consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, inner model, coefficient determinations, effect size, prediction relevance, and path coefficient. The analysis used in this research is SEM-PLS. The result showed that; (1) Investment opportunity set positively influences firm value, (2) Managerial ownership has no effect on firm value, (3) Investment opportunity set negatively influences debt policy, (4) Managerial ownership has no effect on debt policy, (5) Debt policy positively influences firm value (6) Investment opportunity set negatively influences firm value with debt policy as intervening variable, (7) Managerial ownership has no effect on firm value with debt policy as intervening variable.

Keywords: Investment opportunity set, managerial ownership, firm value, debt policy
The Pengaruh Current Ratio, Receivable Turnover Ratio Dan Debt To Asset Ratio Terhadap Profitabilitas (Studi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Tahun 2015-2020)
Authors: Nisa Fachrun , Nurhasanah Nunung , Kosasih Kosasih
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the current ratio (CR), receivable turnover ratio (RTR) and debt to asset ratio (DAR) on profitability. Profitability is measured using net profit margin (NPM). The research conducted in this research is descriptive with a quantitative approach. The population in this study are manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2015 – 2020. The sample of research data is 120. Based on the results of the study, that simultaneously CR, RTR, DAR affect NPM with a significant level of 0.008. Partially CR has a significant effect on NPM with a significant level of 0.048. Furthermore, RTR has a significant effect on NPM with a significant level of 0.003. And DAR has no effect on NPM with a significant level of 0.181.

 Keywords: CR, RTR, DAR, NPM
Pengaruh Keselamatan Kerja, Sistem Kerja, Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di Toko Jaya Raya Showroom Cabang Imam Bonjol
Authors: Sri Wahyuni Putu Mas , Adnyana I Putu Agus
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of work safety, work systems and work motivation on employee performance at the Jaya Raya Store Showroom, Imam Bonjol Branch. The questionnaire technique method (questionnaire data collection) was used in this study. The data used can be calculated directly as numbers or variables and the data that can be measured is a type of quantitative data. In this study, there were 40 employees of Toko Jaya Raya Showroom, Imam Bonjol Branch as a sample. The data analysis method applied is the multiple linear analysis method using SPSS 18.0 tools. The results of the research obtained in this study are: 1. The work safety variable (X1) has a positive and significant influence, 2. The work system variable (X2) has a positive and insignificant effect, 3. The work motivation variable (X3) has a positive and significant impact. positive and significant impact on employee performance at Toko Jaya Raya Showroom Imam Bonjol Branch.

 

Keywords: work safety, work system, work motivation, and employee performance
Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance (GCG) Dan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan Yang Terdaftar Di Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)
Authors: Puspita Anisa Dewi , Kartini Tina
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is an effect of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the financial performance of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2019-2021. This study aims to influence; 1) Effect of GCG with audit committee indicators on financial performance (ROA), Effect of CSR on ROA, and 3) Effect of GCG and CSR on ROA. The variables used in this study are the independent variable and the dependent variable. This research is a research that uses quantitative research methods. The population and sample in this study are the company's financial ratio reports. In this study, the writing used data collection techniques with secondary data. Using statistical methods. The results showed that; 1) The audit committee has no positive and significant effect on banking financial performance, 2) Corporate Social Responsibility has no effect on banking financial performance, 3) the audit committee and Corporate Social Responsibility simultaneously (simultaneously) affect financial performance.

 

Keywords : Good Corporate Governance, Audit Committee, Corporate Social Responsibility, Return On Assets.
Teknik Analisa Fundamental Dalam Mempengaruhi Return Saham Dengan Harga Saham Sebagai Variabel Moderating
Authors: Affiffa Adi Mila Nur , Kartika Andi
Published: April 2023

The capital market is an important instrument in the development of the world economy. Every year the capital market develops very rapidly with evidence of an increase in the number of outstanding shares and a high volume of stock trading. This study aims to analyze fundamentals that affect stock returns including CR, DER and ROA and to test whether stock prices are able to moderate the relationship between these variables. This research was conducted on food and beverages companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2020. The data used is the financial report (annual report). The sampling method used purposive sampling method. Test to see the effect using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that CR had a significant negative effect on stock returns. DER has a significant positive effect on stock returns. ROA has a significant negative effect on stock returns. Stock prices are able to moderate the relationship of CR, DER and ROA to stock returns with a weakening function. The coefficient of determination test shows that CR, DER and ROA are able to provide an overview of changes in stock prices of 63.9% and the remaining 36.1% is influenced by other variables outside the study.

Keywords : current ratio, debt to equity ratio, return on assets, stock return, stock price
The Influence of Applying English Songs to Improve Students’ Listening, Writing and Speaking
Authors: Merina Heni
Published: April 2023

This study aims to find out the influence of applying English songs to improvestudents’listening, writingand speaking skillsat Poltekpar Palembang. What influence that embossed by English songs also will explain in this study. Through the qualitative method, the data gathered showed that English songs can improve listening, writing and speaking skill. Listening is one of skill in the English language that should be mastered, Writing is a technical skill that allows us to communicate effectively through the written word and Speaking is an activity to express oneself in a situation or to express a sequence of ideas among people in a community by using verbal and non-verbal symbols in a particular language, situation, and context. People who learn the English language should master three of them. To improve the skills, people can practicethroughEnglish songs because English songs have the benefit to improve listening, writing and speaking skills.
Pengaruh Usia dalam Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Keterikatan Kerja pada Perusahaan
Authors: Sukmarani Sukmarani
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine the relationship between transformational leadership with work engagement on employees in company X at the age as a control subject. This research method is quantitative research. The research subjects were 56 people who were selected by non-probability sampling technique, saturated sampling. Work engagement and transformational leadership are measured using a work engagement scale called UWES-17 which consists of 17 items and a transformational leadership scale. Correlation test with partial correlation technique was used to analyze SPSS 16.0 for Windows. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between transformational leadership and control of work engagement according to age with a value of r = 0.407, p = 0.002 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, work engagement and transformational leadership of Company X are high. Most aspects of transformational leadership are related to this aspect of work engagement. The correlation between transformational leadership and job involvement is influenced by various factors such as age and gender.

Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Job Engagement, Perception
Komunikasi, Disiplin Kerja, dan Motivasi terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan
Authors: Steven Michael , Yunior Khomeiny , Tommy Tommy , Vincent Vincent
Published: April 2023

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of communication, discipline, motivation on job satisfaction at PT Alfa Scorpii. This research method is quantitative with the sample used is 147 people. The sampling method is simple random sampling. Methods of data analysis using multiple linear regression. The results showed that the t test on the communication variable with value (5.136> 1.976), discipline (3.742> 1.976) and motivation (6.836> 1.976). The results of the F test show a value of 40.189> 2.67. In conclusion, partially has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction at PT Alfa Scorpii. Simultaneously, the variables of communication, discipline and motivation show a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction at PT Alfa Scorpii.

Keywords: Discipline, Job Satisfaction, Communication, Motivation
Dampak Situasi Pandemi COVID-19 terhadap Tumbuh Kembang Anak
Authors: Mulyani Imas , Wanda Dessie , Agustini Nur
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic situation on children's growth and development. The method used is a systematic study examining 11 articles related to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's growth and development using ProQuest, CINAHL, Wiley, PubMed and ScienceDirect. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on children's growth, social development of children's independence, language, fine motor skills, and gross motor skills. In conclusion, the destructive effects experienced by children while at home are stress, no opportunity to play with friends, reduced activity, weight gain, longer sleep time, increased sitting time and increased screen time. The good impact of this pandemic on individual children is that there is a positive adaptation to the process of growth and development through the maturation process and the social bonding of children and parents becomes closer.

Keywords: Children, Parents, COVID-19 Pandemic, Stimulation of Growth
Efektivitas Media Video Animasi dan E-Book terhadap Pengetahuan Remaja dalam Penatalaksanaan Penyalahgunaan Narkoba
Authors: Triana Winda , Irfan Ary , Sayuti Solihin , Alfari Alfari
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of animated video media and e-books on adolescent knowledge in managing drug abuse at SMPN 19 Jambi City. The method used is a quasi-experimental two-group pretest-posttest. This research was conducted at SMPN 19 Jambi City, involving 47 respondents. The sampling technique was carried out by proportional random sampling and analyzed using the paired sample t-test. The results showed that the average value of knowledge before and after being given education with animated video media and e-books increased. The average difference in knowledge before and after being given health education with animated video media is 1.3; the difference in the average value of knowledge before and after being given health education with e-book media is 1.25%; the p-value of knowledge after providing education using animated videos is 0.001, while e-books are 0.000. In conclusion, animated video media and e-books effectively increase adolescent knowledge in managing drug abuse at SMPN 19 Jambi City. 

Keywords: E-Book, Knowledge, Youth, Animated Video
Role of Tobacco Consumption Habits in the Causation of Precancerous Lesions: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors:   SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth deemed to be University, Piparia Vadodara, SHAH Nisarg , SHAH Yash ,   SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth deemed to be University, Piparia Vadodara, SUPEDA Drupad ,   SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth deemed to be University, Piparia Vadodara, TADWALA Pawan ,   SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth deemed to be University, Piparia Vadodara, THAKER Maulik ,   SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth deemed to be University, Piparia Vadodara, CHHAYA Jatin ,   Department of Community Medicine, GMRES, Junaghadh, PANDIT Niraj ,   Department of Community Medicine, SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth deemed to be University, Piparia Vadodara
Published: April 2023

Oral carcinoma is quite common and increasing trend in India and worldwide. Smoking and smokeless tobacco both are increasing worldwide. The common oral precancerous lesions are oral leukoplakia, erythroplakia, nicotina palati and oral sub mucous fibrosis (OSMF). Screening is best tool to find out such lesions. The current study is conducted to know the prevalence of tobacco consumption and also to examine oral cavity of tobacco consumer to detect precancerous lesions among the staff. Method: The present study was cross sectional study carried out tertiary care hospital staff. The study was conducted over a period of 6 month from May 2017 to October 2017. Ethical clearance for study was obtained from Institutional Ethical Committee. The staff members of class 3 and class 4 of hospital were taken as a study participants involving both of sex and who provided written informed consent. Sample of 120 staff members were enrolled for the study from provided sampling frame with the use of random sampling method. Study participants with previous history of hospital admission for any systemic illness, immunodeficiency or immunosuppressive patients, and participants who already diagnosed to have malignant cancer lesions in any part of body were excluded. Result: Of 120 study participants, 40% were belongs to 31 – 40 years of age group and majority were male (80%) and belonged to Hindu (90.83%) religion. The prevalence of tobacco consumption in any of form is 85%; of them 43.33% used smokeless tobacco and 10.83% used to with smoking and 30.83% had both forms of tobacco. Oral Sub Mucosal Fibrosis (OSMF) was the most common (70.58%) precancerous lesion found in the present study, followed by leukoplakia (16.67%). Conclusion: Current study revealed the high prevalence. There is urgent need to plan de-addiction at various level. Also those having the precancerous lesion need to warn and treat accordingly.
SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT BERBASIS ANDROID MENGGUNAKAN METODE CERTAINTY FACTOR
Authors: Ginting Adrian Terasta , Damar Nucahyono  , M. Farman Andrijasa
Published: April 2023

The current gadget is a device that has reached almost the majority of the community, including farmers. By implementing an expert system, it is hoped that farmers will have no difficulty in determining pests and diseases on their oil palm plants. An expert system is a program that will model the ability to solve problems like an expert so that efficiency and effectiveness are obtained in getting a solution to existing problems. The increase in oil palm yields certainly cannot be separated from good productivity, the increase will decrease if many oil palm plants are attacked by disease. In this study the certainty factor method was applied to accommodate the level of expert confidence so that it could be applied to create an Expert System for Diagnosing Pests and Diseases of Oil Palm Plants using the certainty factor method and obtained the percentage of confidence values for pests or diseases and their control solutions.
ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ НЕГАТИВНИХ ЕМОЦІЙНИХ СТАНІВ В ПЕРІОД ВІЙНИ
Authors: СУРГУНД Наталія , КАПУСТІНА Вікторія
Published: April 2023

Стаття присвячена проблемі подолання негативних емоційних станів в період війни. Війна викликає в людини сильний стрес внаслідок впливу різноманітних екстремальних подій та ситуацій, пов’язаних із постійною загрозою життю. У воєнний час такі екстремальні стресогенні фактори негативно впливають на психіку людини, порушують її емоційну сферу, викликаючи розвиток негативних емоційних станів, зокрема депресії та тривоги. В статті розглянуто результати емпіричного дослідження проявів симптомів розвитку депресивних станів серед жінок у період війни. На основі отриманих даних проаналізовано прояви депресії та тривожності в даний період серед досліджуваних, що дозволило зробити висновок про необхідність психологічної роботи для подолання високого рівня тривожності серед жінок в період війни.
Wokół problematyki karalności przerywania ciąży w Polsce
Authors: Borkowska Katarzyna , Guzik-Makaruk Ewa , Pływaczewski Emil
Published: April 2023

The right to abortion is a human right and as such occupies an important role in public discourse. In the study, its authors point to the history of Polish abortion law, outline the current legal status in this respect, paying attention to the provisions penalizing abortion related crimes.
Role of the World Health Organization in Management of Gastrointestinal Diseases Caused by Contaminated Water in Children in the Middle East: A Review Article
Authors:   Ghaemshahr Islamic Azad University, Ghaemshahr, Iran., Alijanzadeh Maliji Behzad , Babayeemehr Ali ,   Department of Law, Faculty of Law, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, Iran., Mehrabani Sanaz ,   Non-Communicable Pediatric Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran., Aghajanpour Faeze ,   The Clinical Research Development Unit of Amirkola Children's Hospital, Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Published: April 2023

Background: The world health organization (WHO), as the international authority on public health and water quality, directs and monitors global efforts to prevent the transmission of waterborne diseases and advises governments on the development of health-based goals and regulations. Objectives: This review study aims to investigate the management methods, including control, prevention, and treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in children in the Middle East caused by contaminated water through WHO. Methods: For this purpose, Scopus, Google scholar, PubMed, SID, Irandoc, and up-to-date databases were searched without time limitation. Keywords included contaminated water, pediatric, GI diseases, and WHO. In this study, the full text of various articles in Persian and English was used. After removing duplicate articles and articles that did not fit the topic of the study, 54 articles were finally selected. Results: Based on the findings, the world health organization has reported that diarrhea, polio, hepatitis A, and cholera are the most common GI infectious diseases caused by contaminated water in children in the Middle East. The present reports of waterborne disease represent only a small proportion of the total number of cases of this disease in the population. In some areas, it has been shown that investments in water and wastewater supply by responsible institutions can provide a net economic gain by reducing negative health impacts and healthcare costs. Results The results of this study indicate that most of the diseases caused by contaminated water affect children, due to low ability to observe personal hygiene and the state of the child’s immune system, which often leads to the death of children. Conclusions: The lack of diagnosis and insufficient prevalence of these diseases in some Middle Eastern countries, followed by the lack of attention to the prevention and control of waterborne diseases, threatens the health policies of these countries. International organizations, especially the world health organization and the united nations children’s fund, play a vital role in addressing and controlling this problem.
Deney Hayvanları Araştırmalarında Standardizasyonun Yeri ve Önemi: Geleneksel Derleme
Authors: ÇELİK Aslı , BAKSİ Nazan , GÜNELİ Mehmet Ensari
Published: April 2023

Preklinik çalışmalar, tıp bilimlerinin farklı disiplinlerdeki birçok araştırmanın temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmaların önemli bir bölümünde yer alan deney hayvanları; biyolojik, fizyolojik ve patolojik mekanizmaları anlamak, sistem yanıtlarını incelemek ve türler arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya çıkarmak için kullanılan canlı organizmalardır. Deney hayvanları araştırmalarında standardizasyon, deneysel bulgulara etki eden biyolojik ve çevresel faktörlerin benzer olmasını ifade eder. Böylece, benzer araştırma prosedürleri sabit koşullarda bir başka laboratuvarda uygulandığında, eşdeğer ve birbiri ile karşılaştırılabilir sonuçların alınması sağlanır. Standardizasyonu etkileyen öncelikli faktörler, deney içi ve deneyler arası varyasyonların bütünü olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu varyasyon kaynakları ile deneyler etkilenir ve farklı bulguların ortaya çıkmasına sebep olur. Standardizasyonun asıl amacı, deneydeki varyasyonları azaltmaktır. Varyasyonların azaltılması istatistiksel olarak çalışmalarda kullanılan hayvan sayısının azaltılmasını ve hayvan refahının artmasını sağlar. Ayrıca, varyasyonların azaltılması zaman ve para israfını da önler. Standardize deneyler; tekrar edilebilirliğe, laboratuvarlar arası karşılaştırılabilirliğe ve bilimsel güvenilirliğe olanak sağlar. Araştırmanın hipotezine uygun deneysel süreç yönetiminin planlanması, prosedürlerdeki yanlılığın en aza indirilmesi, eğer varsa araştırmaya uygulanan iyileştirme tekniklerinin belirtilmesi bilimsel araştırmaların kalitesini artırır. Deney hayvanları araştırmalarında deneysel tasarımdan itibaren uygulanan standardizasyon ile nitelikli araştırmalar artar, bilimsel ilerlemeye katkı sağlar. Dolayısıyla bu derlemenin amacı, güncel paradigmalar ışığında hayvan deneylerinin standartlaştırılmasında, kullanılan deney hayvanlarının çevre, barınma, beslenme koşullarının ve uygulanan deneysel yöntemlerin sabit tutulması ile kontrol altına alınmasının önemini vurgulamak, bu konuda farkındalık yaratmak ve standardize olan ya da olmayan deneylerin hayvan refahı ve araştırma sonuçları üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymaktır.
Analisis Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Ukuran perusahaan dan Kepemilikan institusional terhadap Tax avoidance
Authors: Denastri sarimin Maria , Oktari Yunia
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, ukuran perusahaan, dan kepemilikan institusional terhadap tax avoidance. Populasi yang ada dalam penelitian adalah laporan keuangan perusahaan manufaktur subsektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada periode 2017-2021. Pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 22 perusahaan selama periode pengamatan 5 tahun berturut-turut sehingga total sampel sebanyak 110. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan program SPSS versi 25 dengan uji statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, dan uji hipotesis . Hasil penelitian yang telah diolah menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikan profitabilitas dengan alat ukur ROA yaitu 0,407, nilai signifikan leverage dengan alat ukur DER yaitu 0,425, nilai signifikan ukuran perusahaan yaitu 0,049, dan nilai signifikan kepemilikan institusional yaitu 0,866. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tax avoidance, leverage tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tax avoidance, ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tax avoidance, dan kepemilikan institusional tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tax avoidance.
Acquired Male Urethral Diverticula: Diagnosis and Surgical Management
Authors: Ferreira Natália , Gaspar Sandro , Oliveira Pedro , Oliveira Tiago , Santos Dias José , Lopes Tome
Published: April 2023

Background: A urethral diverticulum (UD) constitutes a localised saccular dilation that forms out of any point in the urethra’s length, contiguous with the true urethral lumen through an orifice with a variable size neck. Disturbance of urine drainage from this outpouching leads to urinary stasis, recurrent urinary tract infections, lithiasis formation, an increase in UD size, urinary leakage or fistulas, incontinence, or even a palpable penoscrotal mass. UD occurs far more frequently in women and is very rare in men, with the incidence and prevalence in males remaining largely unknown.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to present an updated review of acquired male UD, according to clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging findings, management, complications, and outcomes.

Material and Methods: Literature searches were conducted using Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases in June 2015 to identify papers related to acquired male UD, concerning type, aetiology, presentation, radiologic and/or surgical intervention, and outcomes.

Discussion: The most common symptoms are obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms along with haematuria. Additionally, both congenital and acquired diverticula at the penoscrotal angle are frequent. Diagnosis alternates between physical examination and specific imaging, with individualised treatment now being standard practice varying with the location and size of the diverticulum. Besides conservative and observational follow-up, endoscopic and open surgical techniques are the selected definitive management options.

Conclusion: An acquired male UD is rare and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of suspicious penile and scrotal masses. If there is significant urinary stasis, recurrent urinary tract infections, or urethral calculi, a rigorous and thorough clinical examination followed by surgical correction is most often standard procedure, allowing for treatment of symptoms and aetiology simultaneously. Reconstructive urethral surgical corrections are very complex and require a specialised approach, often found only in high-volume surgical centres.
How do necrotic cells expose phosphatidylserine to attract their predators—What’s unique and what’s in common with apoptotic cells
Authors: Furuta Yoshitaka , Zhou Zheng
Published: April 2023

Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a lipid component of the plasma membrane. It is asymmetrically distributed to the inner leaflet in live cells. In cells undergoing apoptosis, phosphatidylserine is exposed to the outer surfaces. The exposed phosphatidylserine acts as an evolutionarily conserved “eat-me” signal that attracts neighboring engulfing cells in metazoan organisms, including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and mammals. During apoptosis, the exposure of phosphatidylserine to the outer surface of a cell is driven by the membrane scramblases and flippases, the activities of which are regulated by caspases. Cells undergoing necrosis, a kind of cell death frequently associated with cellular injuries and morphologically distinct from apoptosis, were initially believed to allow passive exposure of phosphatidylserine through membrane rupture. Later studies revealed that necrotic cells actively expose phosphatidylserine before any rupture occurs. A recent study in C. elegans further reported that the calcium ion (Ca2+) plays an essential role in promoting the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surfaces of necrotic cells. These findings indicate that necrotic and apoptotic cells, which die through different molecular mechanisms, use common and unique mechanisms for promoting the exposure of the same “eat me” signal. This article will review the mechanisms regulating the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surfaces of necrotic and apoptotic cells and highlight their similarities and differences.
Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase deficiency in tumors: A compelling therapeutic target
Authors: Fan Na , Zhang Yi , Zou Suyun
Published: April 2023

The methionine salvage pathway is responsible for recycling sulfur-containing metabolites to methionine. This salvage pathway has been found to be implicated in cell apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation and inflammatory response. Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of 5′-methylthioadenosine, a by-product produced from polyamine biosynthesis. The MTAP gene is located adjacent to the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A gene and co-deletes with CDKN2A in nearly 15% of tumors. Moreover, MTAP-deleted tumor cells exhibit greater sensitivity to methionine depletion and to the inhibitors of purine synthesis. In this review, we first summarized the molecular structure and expression of MTAP in tumors. Furthermore, we discussed PRMT5 and MAT2A as a potential vulnerability for MTAP-deleted tumors. The complex and dynamic role of MTAP in diverse malignancies has also been discussed. Finally, we demonstrated the implications for the treatment of MTAP-deleted tumors.
The myth of reproducibility: A review of event tracking evaluations on Twitter
Authors: Mamo Nicholas , Azzopardi Joel , Layfield Colin
Published: April 2023

Event tracking literature based on Twitter does not have a state-of-the-art. What it does have is a plethora of manual evaluation methodologies and inventive automatic alternatives: incomparable and irreproducible studies incongruous with the idea of a state-of-the-art. Many researchers blame Twitter's data sharing policy for the lack of common datasets and a universal ground truth–for the lack of reproducibility–but many other issues stem from the conscious decisions of those same researchers. In this paper, we present the most comprehensive review yet on event tracking literature's evaluations on Twitter. We explore the challenges of manual experiments, the insufficiencies of automatic analyses and the misguided notions on reproducibility. Crucially, we discredit the widely-held belief that reusing tweet datasets could induce reproducibility. We reveal how tweet datasets self-sanitize over time; how spam and noise become unavailable at much higher rates than legitimate content, rendering downloaded datasets incomparable with the original. Nevertheless, we argue that Twitter's policy can be a hindrance without being an insurmountable barrier, and propose how the research community can make its evaluations more reproducible. A state-of-the-art remains attainable for event tracking research.
Multiple transcriptome comparisons reveal the essential roles of FLOWERING LOCUS T in floral initiation and SOC1 and SVP in floral activation in blueberry
Authors: Song Guo-qing , Carter Benjamin B. , Zhong Gan-Yuan
Published: April 2023

The flowering mechanisms, especially chilling requirement-regulated flowering, in deciduous woody crops remain to be elucidated. Flower buds of northern highbush blueberry cultivar Aurora require approximately 1,000 chilling hours to bloom. Overexpression of a blueberry FLOWERING LOCUS T (VcFT) enabled precocious flowering of transgenic “Aurora” mainly in non-terminated apical buds during flower bud formation, meanwhile, most of the mature flower buds could not break until they received enough chilling hours. In this study, we highlighted two groups of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in flower buds caused by VcFT overexpression (VcFT-OX) and full chilling. We compared the two groups of DEGs with a focus on flowering pathway genes. We found: 1) In non-chilled flower buds, VcFT-OX drove a high VcFT expression and repressed expression of a major MADS-box gene, blueberry SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (VcSOC1) resulting an increased VcFT/VcSOC1 expression ratio; 2) In fully chilled flower buds that are ready to break, the chilling upregulated VcSOC1 expression in non-transgenic “Aurora” and repressed VcFT expression in VcFT-OX “Aurora”, and each resulted in a decreased ratio of VcFT to VcSOC1; additionally, expression of a blueberry SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (VcSVP) was upregulated in chilled flower buds of both transgenic and non-transgenic’ “Aurora”. Together with additional analysis of VcFT and VcSOC1 in the transcriptome data of other genotypes and tissues, we provide evidence to support that VcFT expression plays a significant role in promoting floral initiation and that VcSOC1 expression is a key floral activator. We thus propose a new hypothesis on blueberry flowering mechanism, of which the ratios of VcFT-to-VcSOC1 at transcript levels in the flowering pathways determine flower bud formation and bud breaking. Generally, an increased VcFT/VcSOC1 ratio or increased VcSOC1 in leaf promotes precocious flowering and flower bud formation, and a decreased VcFT/VcSOC1 ratio with increased VcSOC1 in fully chilled flower buds contributes to flower bud breaking.
Causal association between obstructive sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhu Qianyin , Hua Lijiangshan , Chen Lingshan , Mu Tingyu , Dong Die , Xu Jiayi , Shen Cuizhen
Published: April 2023

Objectives: Correlations between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have been detected in previous observational studies. However, this association remains uncertain due to the potential presence of selection and confounding biases. Therefore, this bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to evaluate the causal relationship between OSA and GERD.

Methods: In this study, instrumental variables (IVs) for OSA were selected from publicly available genetic summary data (27,207 cases and 280,720 controls). Summary statistics for GERD were obtained from a genome-wide association study of 602,604 individuals. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main MR method. The MR-Egger intercept test, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, and leave-one-out analysis were used to detect pleiotropy. Heterogeneity was detected by Cochran’s Q test.

Results: The IVW results revealed that OSA [odds ratio (OR): 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.28, p = 8.88E-07] was causally associated with the incidence of GERD. Moreover, there was evidence of GERD leading to OSA in the IVW analysis (OR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.33–1.57, p = 7.74E-19). No directional pleiotropy was detected by the MR-Egger intercept test (all p > 0.05).

Conclusion: This study found that OSA is linked to a higher incidence of GERD, and vice versa. This finding might be helpful for the screening and prevention of these two diseases.
Role of antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin in thrombosis and thromboinflammation
Authors: Zhang Qing , Ul Ain Qurrat , Schulz Christian , Pircher Joachim
Published: April 2023

Thrombosis is a frequent cause of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization. Current antithrombotic strategies, however, target both thrombosis and physiological hemostasis and thereby increase bleeding risk. In recent years the pathophysiological understanding of thrombus formation has significantly advanced and inflammation has become a crucial element. Neutrophils as most frequent immune cells in the blood and their released mediators play a key role herein. Neutrophil-derived cathelicidin next to its strong antimicrobial properties has also shown to modulates thrombosis and thus presents a potential therapeutic target. In this article we review direct and indirect (immune- and endothelial cell-mediated) effects of cathelicidin on platelets and the coagulation system. Further we discuss its implications for large vessel thrombosis and consecutive thromboinflammation as well as immunothrombosis in sepsis and COVID-19 and give an outlook for potential therapeutic prospects.
Opportunities and challenges to engineer 3D models of tumor-adaptive immune interactions
Authors: Visalakshan Rahul M. , Lowrey Mary K. , Sousa Mauricio G. C. , Helms Haylie R. , Samiea Abrar , Schutt Carolyn E. , Moreau Josh M. , Bertassoni Luiz E.
Published: April 2023

Augmenting adaptive immunity is a critical goal for developing next-generation cancer therapies. T and B cells infiltrating the tumor dramatically influence cancer progression through complex interactions with the local microenvironment. Cancer cells evade and limit these immune responses by hijacking normal immunologic pathways. Current experimental models using conventional primary cells, cell lines, or animals have limitations for studying cancer-immune interactions directly relevant to human biology and clinical translation. Therefore, engineering methods to emulate such interplay at local and systemic levels are crucial to expedite the development of better therapies and diagnostic tools. In this review, we discuss the challenges, recent advances, and future directions toward engineering the tumor-immune microenvironment (TME), including key elements of adaptive immunity. We first offer an overview of the recent research that has advanced our understanding of the role of the adaptive immune system in the tumor microenvironment. Next, we discuss recent developments in 3D in-vitro models and engineering approaches that have been used to study the interaction of cancer and stromal cells with B and T lymphocytes. We summarize recent advancement in 3D bioengineering and discuss the need for 3D tumor models that better incorporate elements of the complex interplay of adaptive immunity and the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we provide a perspective on current challenges and future directions for modeling cancer-immune interactions aimed at identifying new biological targets for diagnostics and therapeutics.
Bee breweries: The unusually fermentative, lactobacilli-dominated brood cell microbiomes of cellophane bees
Authors: Hammer Tobin J. , Kueneman Jordan , Argueta-Guzmán Magda , McFrederick Quinn S. , Grant Lady , Wcislo William , Buchmann Stephen , Danforth Bryan N.
Published: April 2023

Pathogens and parasites of solitary bees have been studied for decades, but the microbiome as a whole is poorly understood for most taxa. Comparative analyses of microbiome features such as composition, abundance, and specificity, can shed light on bee ecology and the evolution of host–microbe interactions. Here we study microbiomes of ground-nesting cellophane bees (Colletidae: Diphaglossinae). From a microbial point of view, the diphaglossine genus Ptiloglossa is particularly remarkable: their larval provisions are liquid and smell consistently of fermentation. We sampled larval provisions and various life stages from wild nests of Ptiloglossa arizonensis and two species of closely related genera: Caupolicana yarrowi and Crawfordapis luctuosa. We also sampled nectar collected by P. arizonensis. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we find that larval provisions of all three bee species are near-monocultures of lactobacilli. Nectar communities are more diverse, suggesting ecological filtering. Shotgun metagenomic and phylogenetic data indicate that Ptiloglossa culture multiple species and strains of Apilactobacillus, which circulate among bees and flowers. Larval lactobacilli disappear before pupation, and hence are likely not vertically transmitted, but rather reacquired from flowers as adults. Thus, brood cell microbiomes are qualitatively similar between diphaglossine bees and other solitary bees: lactobacilli-dominated, environmentally acquired, and non-species-specific. However, shotgun metagenomes provide evidence of a shift in bacterial abundance. As compared with several other bee species, Ptiloglossa have much higher ratios of bacterial to plant biomass in larval provisions, matching the unusually fermentative smell of their brood cells. Overall, Ptiloglossa illustrate a path by which hosts can evolve quantitatively novel symbioses: not by acquiring or domesticating novel symbionts, but by altering the microenvironment to favor growth of already widespread and generalist microbes.
Fungal gut microbiota dysbiosis in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Yang Ping , Xu Rui , Chen Fei , Chen Shanshan , Khan Adeel , Li Liang , Zhang Xiaoshan , Wang Yanbo , Xu Zhipeng , Shen Han
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Despite recent developments in our comprehension of how the gut microbiota and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are related. The mycobiome: which is a small but crucial part of the gut microbiota and is involved in hosts’ homeostasis and physiological processes, remained unexplored in SLE.

Methods

We profiled the gut fungal mycobiota based on internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1) sequencing for the gut microbial DNA from the SLE individuals with lupus nephritis (LN) (n = 23), SLE without LN (n = 26) and healthy controls (n = 14) enrolled in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School.

Results

The ITS sequencing generated a total of 4.63 million valid tags which were stratified into 4,488 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and identified about 13 phyla and 262 genera. Patients with SLE were characterized with unique fungal flora feature. The fungal microbiomes of the three groups displayed distinct beta diversity from each other. Compared with HC group, the abundance of fungal dysbiosis was reflected in a higher ratio of opportunistic fungi in SLE or LN group, as well as the loss of Rhizopus and Malassezia. The main principal components of the flora between the SLE and LN group were generally consistent. The relative abundance of Vanrija in the fecal fungal community was higher in LN group, while the relative abundance of Fusarium was higher in SLE group. Moreover, our data revealed superior diagnostic accuracy for SLE with the fungal species (e.g. Candida, Meyerozyma). Correlations between gut fungi and clinical parameters were identified by Spearman’s correlation analysis. Interestingly, Aspergillus in SLE patients was positively correlated with ACR, 24 h proteinuria, proteinuria, anti-dsDNA, ANA, and SLEDAI, while Rhizopus was negatively correlated with lymphocytes and Hb. Finally, we successfully cultured the fungi and identified it as Candida glabrata by microscopic observation and mass spectrometry.

Discussion

We first explored the highly significant gut fungal dysbiosis and ecology in patients with SLE, and demonstrated the applicability of fungal species as SLE diagnostic tools, signifying that the gut fungal mycobiome-host interplay can potentially contribute in disease pathogenesis.
Corchorus olitorius extract exhibit anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory properties in rodent models of obesity and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mokgalaboni Kabelo , Phoswa Wendy Nokhwezi
Published: April 2023

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are chronic conditions with detrimental impacts on the overall health of individuals. Presently, the use of pharmacological agents in obesity and T2D offers limited benefits and pose side effects. This warrant studies on remedies that are less toxic and inexpensive while effective in ameliorating secondary complications in obesity and T2D. Plant-based remedies have been explored increasingly due to their remarkable properties and safety profile. We searched for pre-clinical evidence published from inception until 2023 on PubMed, Scopus, Google, and Semantic scholar on Corchorus olitorius (C. olitorius) in both obesity and T2D. Our focus was to understand the beneficial impact of this plant-based remedy on basic glycemic, lipid, inflammatory, and biomarkers of oxidative stress. The evidence gathered in this review suggests that C. olitorius treatment may significantly reduce blood glucose, body weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in concomitant with increasing high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) in rodent models of obesity and T2D. Interestingly, this effect was consistent with the reduction of malonaldehyde, superoxide dismutase and catalases, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukins, and leptin. Some of the mechanisms by which C. olitorius reduces blood glucose levels is through stimulation of insulin secretion, increasing β-cell proliferation, thus promoting insulin sensitivity; the process which is mediated by ascorbic acid present in this plant. C. olitorius anti-hyperlipidemia is attributable to the content of ferulic acid found in this plant, which inhibits 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors and thus results in reduced synthesis of cholesterol and increased hepatic LDL-c receptor expression, respectively. The present review provides extensive knowledge and further highlights the potential benefits of C. olitorius on basic metabolic parameters, lipid profile, inflammation, and oxidative stress in rodent models of obesity and T2D.