bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagrammatics of Spatial Justice: Neoliberalisation, Normativity, and the Production of Space
Authors: Sotiropoulos George
Published: June 2022

This article focuses on the concept of “spatial justice” and argues for its analytical significance in a critical comprehension of a series of phenomena, from processes of neoliberalisation, socio‐geographic composition and the production of urban space to how space and justice are conceived. Being an expression of social theory’s spatial turn, the concept has served to enrich apperceptions of social justice. Nonetheless, the article adopts the contention that neither the concept’s more disturbing implications nor its radical potential have been fully attended. After contextualising the relevant theoretical problematic through an analysis of neoliberal urbanism, this radical potency is foregrounded by a Deleuzian‐inspired conceptualisation, which conceives spatial justice as a contentious process of territorialising and deterritorialising assemblages that operate and unfold diagrammatically. This conceptualisation, it will be argued, allows theory to move beyond the distributive paradigm and its anthropocentric bias, which continue to prevail in the relevant theoretical and political discourses.
The fish can rot from the heart, not just the head: Exploring the detrimental impact of transgressions by leaders at multiple levels of an organization
Authors: Maskor Mazlan , Fladerer Martin P. , Fong Polly , Steffens Niklas K. , Haslam S. Alexander
Published: June 2022

In this registered report, we examined the effect of transgressions committed by leaders working at different group levels within an organization on employee outcomes. Based on social identity theorizing, we argued that organizational leader transgressions would affect organizational members’ experiences only at the organizational level, but that workgroup leader transgressions would impact organizational members’ experiences at both workgroup and organizational levels. To test these ideas, we developed a 2 (leader group affiliation: workgroup vs. organizational) × 2 (leader behaviour: normative vs. transgressive) between‐subjects experimental paradigm. As hypothesized, both workgroup and organizational leader transgressions resulted in decreased organizational identification and perceived organizational leader effectiveness. Contrary to our prediction, transgressions of both workgroup and organizational leaders were similarly detrimental to workers’ workgroup identification. However, as predicted, a transgressive workgroup leader had a greater negative impact on perceived workgroup leader effectiveness than a transgressive organizational leader. When outliers were excluded, a workgroup leader’s transgression was found to be more detrimental to work performance than an organizational leader’s transgression. Overall, this study demonstrates that the transgressions of lower‐level workgroup leaders can be as detrimental – and in some cases more detrimental – to workers than the transgressions of higher‐level organizational leaders.
Sedimentation on structurally complex slopes: Neogene to recent deep‐water sedimentation patterns across the central Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand
Authors: McArthur Adam Daniel , Crisóstomo‐Figueroa Adriana , Wunderlich Alex , Karvelas Alex , McCaffrey William D.
Published: June 2022

Deep‐water sedimentation on active margins often entails complex sediment transport pathways through slope accommodation. Sedimentation in such settings is commonly differentiated into ‘fill and spill’ vs. ‘tortuous corridor’ models. To investigate the utility of these models in convergent settings 15,344 km2 of 3D seismic data is used to investigate sedimentation and erosion patterns across the Hikurangi subduction margin. A series of thrust‐bound trench‐slope basins, each tens of kilometres long by kilometres wide, have been diachronously forming, filling and deforming through the Neogene until today. Five primary input points delivered sediment to the basins along the studied part of the margin. Channels display both axial and transverse orientations, the run‐out lengths of which vary temporally. At various times, relatively coarse‐grained sediment was trapped in the interior basins, occasionally then to be cannibalised during landsliding or erosion of growing structures. At other times, coarse‐grained sediment was bypassed to distal basins or the trench. Multiple sediment input points and occasionally tortuous sediment dispersal corridors result in the evolution of convoluted depositional systems, often with similar styles of sedimentation occurring contemporaneously in proximal and distal basins, contrary to simple models of basin fill. A hierarchy of controls on sediment distribution can be distinguished. At the highest level, sediment distribution is controlled by external factors, for example, glacio‐eustacy and tectonics. At basin scale, the interaction of sedimentary systems with local relief (e.g. evolving seafloor structures and landslides) dictates the location and style of deposition. At the lowest level, autocyclic factors (e.g. flow response to earlier deposits) influence the spatiotemporal variation in erosion and sedimentation. The complex interplay of these factors dictates whether basins were filling, spilling or some combination at any point in time, whilst basins that were filled and spilled may subsequently resume filling due to changes in the bounding conditions. Hence simple use of ‘fill and spill’ or ‘tortuous corridor’ models to tectonically active margins is not advised. Furthermore, as sedimentation may influence structure growth, constraining the controls on sediment distribution may improve understanding of the broader evolution of convergent margins and their resource distribution.
Parent involvement and children's academic achievement: Evidence from a census of public school students in Brazil
Authors: Koepp Andrew E. , Gershoff Elizabeth T. , Marteleto Letícia J.
Published: June 2022

In order to broaden findings beyond high‐income countries, this study used path models to test associations between parent involvement and student achievement in Brazil using a 2017 census of public school students in fifth grade (N = 2,167,729, Mage = 11, 49 % female, 44% Parda, 29% White, 11% Black, 3% Asian, 3% Indigenous) and ninth grade (N = 1,782,899, Mage = 15, 51% female, 46% Parda, 29% White, 12% Black, 4% Asian, 3% Indigenous). Parent involvement showed positive associations with student reading and math achievement for fifth graders (βs = .11 & .09) but essentially null associations for ninth graders (βs = −.01). Students' homework completion mediated associations in both grades (βs = .03). Parent education was not a strong moderator of associations.
Using behaviour change science to deliver oral health practice: A commentary
Authors: Asimakopoulou Koula , Kitsaras George , Newton Jonathon Tim
Published: June 2022

The aims of this commentary are threefold; firstly, we summarize changes in oral health behaviour change research and practice; secondly, we identify key barriers and challenges proposing practical ways to overcome them; and finally, we showcase key developments on the global and local stage outlining key opportunities for the future of oral health behaviour change. Not applicable. Advancements, including the Capability‐Opportunity‐Motivation (COM‐B), Motivation, Action regulation‐Prompts (MAP) and the Goal setting, Planning and Self‐Monitoring (GPS) models have showcased a range of evidence‐based opportunities to deliver oral health behaviour change. Despite their merits, oral health behaviour change still faces barriers and challenges that limit its scope, applicability and practicability for oral health professionals. Recent developments on the global and local stage have highlighted the important role oral health behaviour change has to play for the future of oral health. We provide practical examples to show how these advancements can be delivered in practice, noting that learnings from other disciplines can help shape the future of oral health behaviour change. A combination of encouraging signs and recent, positive developments have resulted in an unprecedented focus on oral health behaviour change. Through ongoing and future research, meaningful changes to the oral health of the population through applied behavioural science are in sight.
Trial protocol for COLO‐DETECT: A randomized controlled trial of lesion detection comparing colonoscopy assisted by the GI Genius™ artificial intelligence endoscopy module with standard colonoscopy
Authors: Seager Alexander , Sharp Linda , Hampton James S. , Neilson Laura J. , Lee Tom J. W. , Brand Andrew , Evans Rachel , Vale Luke , Whelpton John , Rees Colin J.
Published: June 2022

Aim

Colorectal cancer is the second commonest cause of cancer death worldwide. Colonoscopy plays a key role in the control of colorectal cancer and, in that regard, maximizing detection (and removal) of pre‐cancerous adenomas at colonoscopy is imperative. GI Genius™ (Medtronic Ltd) is a computer‐aided detection system that integrates with existing endoscopy systems and improves adenoma detection during colonoscopy. COLO‐DETECT aims to assess the clinical and cost effectiveness of GI Genius™ in UK routine colonoscopy practice.

Methods and analysis

Participants will be recruited from patients attending for colonoscopy at National Health Service sites in England, for clinical symptoms, surveillance or within the national Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. Randomization will involve a 1:1 allocation ratio (GI Genius™‐assisted colonoscopy:standard colonoscopy) and will be stratified by age category (<60 years, 60–<74 years, ≥74 years), sex, hospital site and indication for colonoscopy. Demographic data, procedural data, histology and post‐procedure patient experience and quality of life will be recorded. COLO‐DETECT is designed and powered to detect clinically meaningful differences in mean adenomas per procedure and adenoma detection rate between GI Genius™‐assisted colonoscopy and standard colonoscopy groups. The study will close when 1828 participants have had a complete colonoscopy. An economic evaluation will be conducted from the perspective of the National Health Service. A patient and public representative is contributing to all stages of the trial. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04723758) and ISRCTN (10451355).

What will this trial add to the literature?

COLO‐DETECT will be the first multi‐centre randomized controlled trial evaluating GI Genius™ in real world colonoscopy practice and will, uniquely, evaluate both clinical and cost effectiveness.
The combined effect of exposures to vapours, gases, dusts, fumes and tobacco smoke on current asthma
Authors: Hisinger‐Mölkänen Hanna , Kankaanranta Hannu , Haahtela Tari , Sovijärvi Anssi , Tuomisto Leena , Andersén Heidi , Lindqvist Ari , Backman Helena , Langhammer Arnulf , Rönmark Eva , Ilmarinen Pinja , Pallasaho Paula , Piirilä Päivi
Published: June 2022

Smoking, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and occupational exposure to vapours, gases, dusts or fumes (VGDF) increase asthma symptoms. The impact of combined exposure is less well established. We aimed to evaluate the risk of combined exposure to smoking, ETS and VGDF on the prevalence of current asthma and asthma‐related symptoms with a postal survey among a random population of 16,000 adults, aged 20–69 years (response rate 51.5%). The 836 responders with physician‐diagnosed asthma were included in the analysis. Of them, 81.9% had current asthma defined as physician‐diagnosed asthma with current asthma medication use or reported symptoms. There was a consistently increasing trend in the prevalence of current asthma by increased exposure. The highest prevalence of multiple symptoms was in smokers with VGDF exposure (92.1%) compared to the unexposed (73.9%, p = 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, combined exposure to several exposures increased the risk in all analysed symptoms (p = 0.002–0.007). In conclusion, smoking and exposure to ETS or VGDF increased the prevalence of current asthma and multiple symptoms. The combined exposure carried the highest risk. Preventive strategies are called for to mitigate exposure to tobacco smoke and VGDF.
The first hospital and the construction of leprosy
Authors: Elmore Matthew
Published: June 2022

This essay presents the first hospital as an icon of the divine nature. Established by St. Basil in the fourth century, the hospital reconstructed the social meaning of disease and poverty. I contrast its work with my own experience working in the emergency department of a small urban hospital, where patients with low social capital were treated with contempt. I suggest that the first hospital deserves a prominent place in our collective memory, because it exemplifies a threefold ideal relevant to modern healthcare. Ethically, it promoted radical human equality. Economically, it transcended former concepts of repayment. And historically, it stands as the precedent of an indispensable institution.
Herpes zoster prophylaxis with low‐dose acyclovir in patients with malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma treated with autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Abbasov Emin , Metzner Bernd , Müller Thomas H. , Casper Jochen , Kimmich Christoph , Petershofen Eduard K. , Renzelmann Andrea , Rosien Bernd , Thole Ruth , Voß Andreas , Köhne Claus Henning
Published: June 2022

Background

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a frequent complication after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). The option of zoster prophylaxis with an antiviral drug is described in the literature, but there is no consensus on the drug and the dosage.

Patients and Methods

We analyzed the records of 310 patients treated with ASCT who were controlled regularly regarding HZ inter alia for at least 24 months following ASCT. Since 01/2015 patients received prophylactic low‐dose acyclovir (400 mg per day) during the first 12 months following discharge after ASCT (n = 107).

Results

Twenty percent of patients without this kind of prophylaxis and 2.8% of patients with prophylaxis developed HZ (p < .001). No patient with this prophylaxis developed HZ in the first year after ASCT, 2.8% of patients in the second year after ASCT. A prognostic factor was the kind of diagnosis: 30% of lymphoma patients and 14% of myeloma patients developed HZ in the first 24 months after ASCT without prophylaxis, but only 6.3% and 0% of patients with prophylaxis, respectively. Neither an increase of HZ cases following prophylaxis nor acyclovir refractory HZ cases were observed.

Conclusions

Zoster prophylaxis with low‐dose acyclovir over 12 months after ASCT is effective and well tolerated.
Investigating unfrozen water and its components during freeze–thaw action in loess using a novel NMR technique
Authors: Shi Yajun , Zhang Lianhai , Ma Wei , Yang Chengsong , Han Dawei , Shang Fei
Published: June 2022

Frost heave and thaw settlement are primarily caused by water migration. Variations in liquid water and its components during freezing and thawing are crucial variables for investigating water migration. Here, a novel soil layer‐scanning method based on magnetic resonance imaging cryogenic soil‐moisture analysis (MRI‐CSMA) was applied to measure dynamic changes of liquid water and its components in nine layers (each 11.1‐mm thick)  of four loess samples with different initial water contents (9.2%, 15.7%, 20.0%, and 30.0%) in freezing–thawing experiments under a closed system. The ice–water phase transition and water migration were key factors that controlled the liquid water and its components. During freezing, the liquid water content of each layer (except layer 7) decreased. In the frozen zone (layers 1–6), the liquid water content decreased with decreasing temperature owing to the water–ice phase transition. The lower the temperature, the higher the fraction of water that transitioned to ice. In the unfrozen zone (layers 8–9), parts of the liquid water migrated upward owing to the suction generated at the freezing front. The farther away the freezing front, the smaller the suction and quantity of water migration. During thawing, the liquid water content of each layer increased owing to the ice–water phase transition in the frozen zone and infiltrated down to the unfrozen zone. The contents of the free and adsorbed water exhibited similar change trends to the liquid water content during freezing. However, the change degree of free water was much larger than that of adsorbed water because the phase transition and migration of free water is easier than that of absorbed water. Notably, the liquid water content near the freezing front (layer 7) increased in the early stage of freezing, owing to the combined effect of soil compression and the water–ice phase transition. These results provide a reference for research on water migration in the soil during freezing–thawing and validate the advantage of MRI‐CSMA when characterising water migration in large soil samples.

Highlights

A novel device (MRI Cryogenic Soil‐Moisture Analyzer) was used.

Variations in unfrozen water and its components during freezing were studied.

Soil consolidation and pore pressure affect the liquid water change during freezing.
Mutually promoting or constraining? Disentangling the superimposed effect of velocity and illuminance on fish motion in low‐velocity flows with a novel metric
Authors: Lin Chenyu , Deng Zhiqun Daniel , Shi Xiaotao , Dai Huichao , Wang Jingxian , Huang Wenqin , Luo Jia , Huang Jie
Published: June 2022

Global climate change, species invasion, and human activities such as the construction of hydraulic facilities are contributing to the worldwide degradation of fish stocks. As a pivotal environmental factor that affects fish migration and population distribution, the low‐velocity flow has not drawn enough attention despite its extensive presence in various ecoregions.

To understand the behavioural profiles of fish in low‐velocity flow, we examined the motility and swimming performance of two representative cyprinids, grass carp (GC, Ctenopharyngodon idella) and silver carp (SC, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), under the combined effect of different flow velocities and illuminance ranges.

The two species were exposed to two flow velocities (0.15 and 0.25 m/s) and three illuminance ranges (100.0–0.9 lx, 300.0–2.5 lx, and 700.0–4.9 lx). A novel behavioural metric, composed of light preference, swimming speed, rheotaxis index (RI), swimming stability (SS), and the probability of moving forwards/backwards over a certain distance (PMf‐0.1 and PMb‐0.1), was developed to fully characterise the motion strategy of fish.

By analysing the individual distribution in light gradient, we confirmed the scototaxis of GC and found the oscillating light preference in SC that changed from 84.41–10.18 to 6.00–2.08 lx and disappeared with increasing illuminance. The RI and SS increased at the fast flow velocity (0.25 m/s) for both species, and SC was more forward‐prone and more stable than GC. Despite the fluctuating light preference, the higher illuminances heightened the RI and SS in SC, while in GC, higher illuminances inhibited the SS and had no impact on the RI. The results of PMf‐0.1 and PMb‐0.1 indicated that a higher flow velocity could facilitate the temporary upstream swimming in both species, while illuminance could only promote the same effect in SC.

Finally, our study proposed possible manoeuvres in fine‐scale spatio‐temporal scenarios such as attraction flow and non‐traditional passages and provided valuable insights into fish community dynamics, laying the groundwork for alleviating the threat from invasive species and for future fish population recovery.
Diagnostic Tests for the Necessity of Weight in Regression With Survey Data
Authors: Wang Feng , Wang HaiYing , Yan Jun
Published: June 2022

To weight or not to weight in regression analyses with survey data has been debated in the literature. The problem is essentially a tradeoff between the bias and the variance of the regression coefficient estimator. An array of diagnostic tests for informative weights have been developed. Nonetheless, studies comparing the performance of the tests, especially for finite samples, are scarce, and the theoretical equivalence of some tests has not been investigated. Focusing on the linear regression setting, we review a collection of such tests and propose enhanced versions of some of them that require an auxiliary regression model for the weight. Further, the equivalence of two popular tests is established which has not been reported before. In contrast to existing reviews with no empirical comparison, we compare the sizes and powers of the tests in simulation studies. The reviewed tests are applied to a regression analysis of the family expenditure using the data from the China Family Panel Study.
4‐phenylpyridine suppresses UVB‐induced skin inflammation by targeting c‐Src in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kim Ju Gyeong , Kang Ha Yeong , Kim Min Jeong , Lim Seokwon , Lee Chang Joo , Kim Kyung‐Min , Jung Sung Keun
Published: June 2022

Acute or repetitive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) cause disruptions to the skin barrier and subsequent inflammatory skin disease. 4‐phenylpyridine (4‐PP) is a constituent of Brassica campestris L. ssp. Pekinensis and its effect on skin inflammation and molecular target remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to confirm the anti‐inflammatory efficacy of 4‐PP on UVB‐induced skin inflammation in human keratinocytes HaCaT and mouse skin and validation of its molecular target. 4‐PP also attenuated UVB‐induced phosphorylation of p38/mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MKK) 3/6, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase 1/2, MKK 4/7, extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase 1/2, mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1/2. Additionally, 4‐PP inhibited UVB‐induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Y1068, Y1045 and 854 residues but not the proto‐oncogene tyrosine‐protein kinase c‐Src. Drug affinity responsive target stability assay revealed that 4‐PP directly binds to c‐Src and inhibits pronase c‐proteolysis. Knockdown of c‐Src inhibited UVB‐induced COX‐2 expression and phosphorylation of MAPKs and EGFR in HaCaT cells. Dorsal treatment of 4‐PP prevented UVB (0.5 J/cm2)‐induced skin thickness, phosphorylation of EGFR and COX‐2 expression in mouse skin. Our findings suggest that 4‐PP can be used as anti‐inflammatory agent with an effect of skin inflammation by inhibiting the COX‐2 expression via suppressing the c‐Src/EGFR/MAPKs signalling pathway.
Treatment of stage IV periodontitis: The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline
Authors: Herrera David , Sanz Mariano , Kebschull Moritz , Jepsen Søren , Sculean Anton , Berglundh Tord , Papapanou Panos N. , Chapple Iain , Tonetti Maurizio S. ,   EFP Workshop Participants and Methodological Consultant
Published: June 2022

Background

The recently published clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the treatment of periodontitis in stages I–III provided evidence‐based recommendations for the treatment of periodontitis patients, defined according to the 2018 classification. Stage IV periodontitis shares the severity and complexity characteristics of stage III periodontitis, but includes the anatomical and functional sequelae of tooth and periodontal attachment loss (tooth flaring and drifting, bite collapse, etc.), which require additional interventions following completion of active periodontal therapy.

Aim

To develop an S3 Level CPG for the treatment of stage IV periodontitis, focusing on the implementation of inter‐disciplinary treatment approaches required to treat/rehabilitate patients following associated sequelae and tooth loss.

Materials and Methods

This S3 Level CPG was developed by the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP), following methodological guidance from the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) process. A rigorous and transparent process included synthesis of relevant research in 13 specifically commissioned systematic reviews, evaluation of the quality and strength of evidence, the formulation of specific recommendations and a structured consensus process with leading experts and a broad base of stakeholders.

Results

The S3 Level CPG for the treatment of stage IV periodontitis culminated in recommendations for different interventions, including orthodontic tooth movement, tooth splinting, occlusal adjustment, tooth‐ or implant‐supported fixed or removable dental prostheses and supportive periodontal care. Prior to treatment planning, it is critically important to undertake a definitive and comprehensive diagnosis and case evaluation, obtain relevant patient information, and engage in frequent re‐evaluations during and after treatment. The periodontal component of therapy should follow the CPG for the treatment of periodontitis in stages I–III.

Conclusions

The present S3 Level CPG informs clinical practice, health systems, policymakers and, indirectly, the public on the available and most effective modalities to treat patients with stage IV periodontitis and to maintain a healthy dentition over lifetime, according to the available evidence at the time of publication.
Immune signature as a potential marker for predicting response to immunotherapy in obesity‐associated colorectal cancer
Authors: Park Sungjin , An Jungsuk , Ha Seung Yeon , Nam Seungyoon , Kim Jung Ho
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim

It remains unclear whether immunotherapy, which is not generally considered for microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC), can be used to effectively treat select CRC patients. We investigated the feasibility of obesity‐associated MSS CRC patients for immunotherapy based on genomic alterations.

Methods

We evaluated differences in genomic alteration types and immune signatures between obese and non‐obese patients with MSS CRC. We performed genomic analyses using 434 CRC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Patients with MSS CRC were stratified into subgroups based on their BMI and numbers of nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants (nsSNVs) and frameshift insertions and deletions (fs INDELs) using machine learning.

Results

The obese subgroup showed higher incidences of single nucleotide variants (SNV) and insertions and deletions (INDELs) in comparison with healthy weight patients with MSS CRC. The subgroup, who had higher numbers of nsSNVs and fs INDLEs, exhibited increased immune signatures, increased number of SNV‐derived neoantigens, and had up‐regulated two immune checkpoint genes in comparison with healthy weight patients with MSS CRC, reflecting interactions between the cancer genome and immune system.

Conclusions

This study suggests that immunotherapy may be suitable for some obesity‐associated CRC patients.
Constraining the P–T path of (U)HP rocks with reaction overstepping during subduction; example from the Western Gneiss Region (Norway)
Authors: Faryad Shah Wali , Ježek Josef , Kulhánek Jan
Published: June 2022

This paper presents the results of petrological observations and diffusion modelling on garnet from high‐pressure to ultrahigh‐pressure ((U)HP) metamorphic rocks of the Western Gneiss Region in the Nordfjord. Garnet from kyanite‐bearing micaschist preserves two generations of garnet growth that are related to the Pre‐Caledonian granulite facies and Caledonian eclogite facies metamorphic events. Mafic eclogite, forming lenses in the micaschist, contains only eclogite facies assemblages with partial recrystallization under amphibolite facies conditions. Caledonian garnet in both the micaschist and hosting eclogite indicates reaction overstepping and nucleation near or above 550°C/2.0 GPa. Maximum pressure and temperature, calculated using pseudosection modelling for the eclogite facies event, were ~2.6 GPa and 650°C. The interface between the Pre‐Caledonian and Caledonian garnet in the micaschist shows a strong compositional gradient or possibly a compositional jump. The preservation of such a gradient together with the hummocky‐shaped composition profiles in the Caledonian garnet from the eclogite indicates either no relaxation or a short‐time of relaxation of the rocks at their peak temperature conditions, as well as their exhumation by cooling. Possibly, heating or exhuming of the rocks by isothermal decompression could have easily modified such compositional irregularities along the garnet profiles. A cooling rate of ~187°C/Ma and exhumation rate in the vertical direction of ~2.5 cm/year for the HP rocks were obtained by considering that the temperature and transport distance changes from their maximum depth and peak temperature to the surface were proportional to the time (3.5 Ma) calculated by modelling for the garnet.
Labour control regimes in the rural and urban workplaces of global production networks: The coffee case of Colombia
Authors: Baquero‐Melo Jairo
Published: June 2022

This study analyses the local labour control regimes (LCRs) in the workplaces of global production networks. Using the ethnographic approach, it examines the control strategies utilized by several stakeholders in coffee production and consumption sites in Colombia. The results demonstrate that transformations in the value chains have changed LCRs due to neoliberal openness and new consumption trends, which led to the creation of exploitation, discipline, and mobilization of labour practices. Rural production occurs in farms with predominant piecework and daily payment, where women play traditional roles that render their contributions invisible and undervalued. Employment in urban cafeterias includes stable and flexible contracts with low wages, increased activities, and supervision. Both situations link productive and reproductive work. Under these scenarios, employees manage various levels of negotiation, response, and endurance.
Influence of the Residual Ridge Widths and Implant Thread Designs on Implant Positioning Using Static Implant Guided Surgery
Authors: Thanasrisuebwong Prakan , Pimkhaokham Atiphan , Jirajariyavej Bundhit , Bencharit Sompop
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Aggressive implant macrothread designs have been widely used. However, the effects of the aggressive thread design on the accuracy of static guided surgery, especially in a case of narrow residual ridge, have not been well‐studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different implant macrothread designs and the residual ridge widths on the accuracy of tooth‐supported static guided implant surgery.

Materials and methods

Forty implant fixtures with two different macrodesigns: a conventional thread design bone level tapered (BLT), and an aggressive thread design bone level tapered (BLX) were placed in 40 simulated polyurethane models with narrow and wide residual ridges. The placed implant positions were compared with the planned implant position and angulational deviation, as well as three‐dimensional (3D) deviations at the entry and apex of the implant were measured. One‐way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons (ɑ = 0.05) were used to determine level of significance between the mean and variance deviation values. 95% confidence intervals and box plots were used to demonstrate the means and ranges of precision.

Results

In terms of angulational deviation, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean deviations for both types of implants, p = 1.55 and p = 0.84 for wide and narrow ridge groups, respectively. However, the range of deviation was much larger in the narrow ridge of the BLX group compared to the BLT group. In both narrow ridge and wide ridge, the BLX group had lower mean 3D deviation values at both the entry and the apex with statistically significant differences for both entry point of the wide ridge (p = 0.027) and narrow ridge (p = 0.022) as well as at the apex of the wide ridge (p = 0.006) but not the apex of the narrow ridge (p = 0.142).

Conclusion

The aggressive larger thread design of dental implants may influence the accuracy of implant placement more than the ridge dimension.
Auditory stimulation in‐phase with slow oscillations to enhance overnight memory consolidation in patients with schizophrenia?
Authors: Weinhold Sara Lena , Lechinger Julia , Timm Nele , Hansen Anja , Ngo Hong‐Viet V. , Göder Robert
Published: June 2022

Sleep‐dependent memory consolidation is disturbed in patients with schizophrenia, who furthermore show reductions in sleep spindles and probably also in delta power during sleep. The memory dysfunction in these patients is one of the strongest markers for worse long‐term functional outcome. However, therapeutic interventions to normalise memory functions, e.g., with medication, still do not exist. Against this backdrop, we investigated to what extent a non‐invasive approach enhancing sleep with real‐time auditory stimulation in‐phase with slow oscillations might affect overnight memory consolidation in patients with schizophrenia. To this end, we examined 18 patients with stably medicated schizophrenia in a double‐blinded sham‐controlled design. Memory performance was assessed by a verbal (word list) and a non‐verbal (complex figure) declarative memory task. In comparison to a sham condition without auditory stimuli, we found that in patients with schizophrenia, auditory stimulation evokes an electrophysiological response similar to that in healthy participants leading to an increase in slow wave and temporally coupled sleep spindle activity during stimulation. Despite this finding, patients did not show any beneficial effect on the overnight change in memory performance by stimulation. Although the stimulation in our study did not improve the patient's memory, the electrophysiological response gives hope that auditory stimulation could enable us to provide better treatment for sleep‐related detriments in these patients in the future.
Glomerular hyperfiltration in morbid obesity: Role of the inflammasome signalling
Authors: Moriconi Diego , Antonioli Luca , Masi Stefano , Bellini Rosario , Pellegrini Carolina , Rebelos Eleni , Taddei Stefano , Nannipieri Monica
Published: June 2022

Aim

Obesity is associated with glomerular hyperfiltration which may precede the development of overt renal damage. Few studies evaluated the link between inflammasome signalling and hyperfiltration. The aim is to evaluate the relationship between IL1‐β/Caspase‐1, insulin sensitivity and hyperfiltration in subjects with severe obesity, before and after weight loss.

Methods

Forty‐six patients with BMI > 35 kg/m2, without type‐2‐diabetes or hypertension, were evaluated at baseline and 6 months after bariatric surgery with oral glucose tollerance test, bioimpedance analysis and blood tests. The eGFR was calculated according to EPIcr‐cys formula and insulin sensitivity by Oral Glucose Insulin Sensitivity. IL‐1β/Caspase‐1 were measured with the ELISA‐kit. HF was defined as eGFR ≥ 140 ml/min (non‐indexed for BSA).

Results

Sixteen subjects at baseline had hyperfiltration, with a higher insulin resistance, BMI, lean mass and plasma levels of IL‐1β/Caspase‐1. After surgery, there was a reduction in BMI and improvement in insulin resistance in all patients. However, in 8 of 16 patients hyperfiltration persisted and IL‐1β/Caspase‐1 levels did not decrease (3.22 ± 0.79 vs. 3.13 ± 1.03 and 23.7 ± 12.1 vs. 20.6 ± 9.1, pre vs. post, pg/ml), while cytokines normalized in all the other patients in parallel with the eGFR. In a logistic regression model, correcting for the main covariates, lean mass and IL‐1β before surgery (p = .01 and p = .03, respectively), were the only predictors of hyperfiltration.

Conclusion

Weight loss is effective in reducing hyperfiltration in most, but not all patients. Hyperfiltration remains unchanged in subjects who do not have a reduction in IL‐1β/Caspase‐1, suggesting a pathogenetic role of the inflammasome signalling in the early stages of nephropathy.
Biotic and abiotic controls of nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria–moss associations
Authors: Rousk Kathrin
Published: June 2022

Most mosses are colonized by nitrogen (N)‐fixing cyanobacteria. This discovery is relatively recent, which can explain the large knowledge gaps the field is now tackling. For instance, while we have a good understanding of the abiotic controls (e.g. nutrient availability, increased temperature), we still do not know much about the biotic controls of N2 fixation in mosses. I propose here that we should endeavour to position moss–cyanobacteria associations along the mutualism–parasitism continuum under varying abiotic conditions (e.g. nutrient availability). This would finally unravel the nature of the relationship between the partners and will be a big leap in our understanding of the evolution of plant–bacteria interactions using moss–cyanobacteria associations as a model system.
The effectiveness of technology‐based interventions for weight loss maintenance: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials with meta‐analysis
Authors: Mamalaki Eirini , Poulimeneas Dimitrios , Tsiampalis Thomas , Kouvari Matina , Karipidou Melina , Bathrellou Eirini , Collins Clare E. , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B. , Yannakoulia Mary
Published: June 2022

Objective

To systematically review and meta‐analyze randomized controlled trials on the effects of technology‐based interventions for maintenance of lost weight.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials with at least one intervention arm delivered through the internet or mobile application, published in English until September 2021. Weight change at the end of the weight loss maintenance phase was considered the primary outcome.

Results

Twelve manuscripts with 2941 adults were included in the review; 10 studies were meta‐analyzed. Included interventions had a duration of 3–30 months and were tested compared with minimum interventions (no contact with the study staff or intervention with only a limited number of features) or in‐person groups. Technology‐based interventions resulted in similar weight regain when compared with minimum interventions (ES = −0.07 kg; 95% CI = [−0.57, 0.42]; p = 0.770). However, when compared with in‐person interventions, technology‐based interventions were found to lead in significantly higher weight regain (ES = 1.36 kg; 95% CI = [0.29, 2.43]; p = 0.010).

Conclusion

Web‐ and app‐based interventions for weight loss maintenance produced similar results with minimum interventions and resulted in greater weight regain compared with in‐person interventions. Appropriate interventions for weight loss maintenance provide benefits against weight regain, only when provided in‐person.
Driving and exceptional cases: Supporting relicensing evaluation in patients whose visual fields fail to meet standards
Authors: Harper Robert A. , Parkes Jeremy A. , Dickinson Christine M.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The UK Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency's (DVLA) visual field criteria mean that homonymous defects close to fixation are not usually acceptable for driving. Here, we illustrate cases where patients with field defects failing to meet standards had their licences revoked but subsequently were permitted to drive again through exceptional case provisions.

Methods

Clinical assessment of two patients with homonymous loss: a 62‐year‐old man (PWT) with a dense left upper homonymous quadrantanopia secondary to a right occipital lobe stroke and a 48‐year‐old woman (JC), only aware of right upper homonymous quadrantanopia following routine primary care assessment and subsequently attributed to left middle cerebral artery stroke from perinatal intracranial haemorrhage.

Results

PWT's Esterman test showed a significant central defect failing to meet the standard. His subsequent ophthalmic examination was otherwise unremarkable with excellent visual functions. Clinical evidence was provided supporting his relicensing application, and in time, a practical DVLA driving assessment indicated adaptation had been successful, and his licence was restored. JC's defect also failed to meet the standard, and her licence was revoked. Her ophthalmic examination was otherwise unremarkable, and her condition was attributed to a nonprogressive, isolated perinatal event. The DVLA accepted supporting clinical evidence; her subsequent practical driving assessment demonstrated successful adaptation and her licence was also restored.

Conclusions

Conventional visual field tests are not necessarily predictive of real‐world driving performance, with drivers' adaptive strategies not being accommodated. In the UK, individuals with visual field loss failing to meet the standard may be eligible for relicensing as exceptional cases if specific criteria can be met. For exceptional cases potentially licensable under these criteria, the DVLA requires clinician support and a satisfactory practical driving assessment. Similar provisions exist internationally. Clinicians need to be aware of the role they may play in such scenarios.
Celecoxib‐tramadol co‐crystal in patients with moderate‐to‐severe pain following bunionectomy with osteotomy: A phase 3, randomized, double‐blind, factorial, active‐ and placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Viscusi Eugene R. , de Leon‐Casasola Oscar , Cebrecos Jesús , Jacobs Adam , Morte Adelaida , Ortiz Esther , Sust Mariano , Vaqué Anna , Gottlieb Ira , Daniels Stephen , Gimbel Joseph S. , Muse Derek , Winkle Peter , Kuss Michael E. , Videla Sebastián , Gascón Neus , Plata‐Salamán Carlos
Published: June 2022

Background

Celecoxib‐tramadol co‐crystal (CTC) is a first‐in‐class analgesic co‐crystal of celecoxib and racemic tramadol with an improved pharmacologic profile, conferred by the co‐crystal structure, compared with its active constituents administered alone/concomitantly.

Aim

We evaluated CTC in moderate‐to‐severe acute postoperative pain.

Materials and Methods

This randomized, double‐blind, factorial, active‐ and placebo‐controlled phase 3 trial (NCT03108482) was conducted at 6 US clinical research centers. Adults with moderate‐to‐severe acute pain following bunionectomy with osteotomy were randomized to oral CTC (200 mg [112 mg celecoxib/88 mg rac‐tramadol hydrochloride] every 12 h), tramadol (50 mg every 6 h), celecoxib (100 mg every 12 h), or placebo for 48 h. Patients, investigators, and personnel were blinded to assignment. The primary endpoint was the 0–48 h sum of pain intensity differences (SPID0–48) in all randomized patients. Pain intensity was assessed on a 0–10 numerical rating scale (NRS). Safety was analyzed in patients who received study medication. Funded by ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals.

Results

In 2017 (March to November), 1323 patients were screened and 637 randomized to CTC (n = 184), tramadol (n = 183), celecoxib (n = 181), or placebo (n = 89). Mean baseline NRS was 6.7 in all active groups. CTC had a significantly greater effect on SPID0–48 (least‐squares mean: −139.1 [95% confidence interval: −151.8, −126.5]) than tramadol (−109.1 [−121.7, −96.4]; p < 0.001), celecoxib (−103.7 [−116.4, −91.0]; p < 0.001), or placebo (−74.6 [−92.5, −56.6]; p < 0.001). Total treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were 358 for CTC and 394 for tramadol. Drug‐related TEAEs occurred in 37.7% patients in the CTC group, compared with 48.6% in the tramadol group. There were no serious TEAEs/deaths.

Conclusion

CTC provided greater analgesia than comparable daily doses of tramadol and celecoxib, with similar tolerability to tramadol. CTC is approved in the United States.
Cardiac magnetic resonance diastolic indices correlate with ventricular filling pressures in pediatric heart transplant recipients
Authors: Belay Wubishet , Godown Justin , Chan Kak‐Chen , Bearl David W. , George‐Durrett Kristen , Slaughter James C. , Crum Kimberly , Dodd Debra A. , Chrisant Maryanne , Hernandez Lazaro , Soslow Jonathan
Published: June 2022

Background

Atrial and ventricular filling pressures are routinely used in pediatric heart transplant (PHTx) recipients to assess graft function. We hypothesized that cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) diastolic indices correlate with filling pressures, providing a noninvasive method of hemodynamic assessment.

Methods

Pediatric heart transplant recipients were prospectively enrolled at the time of cardiac catheterization. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and right atrial pressure (RAP) were measured. CMR included standard volumetric analysis. Filling curves were calculated by contouring every phase in the short‐axis stack. Global longitudinal and circumferential strain (GLS, GCS) were calculated using feature tracking. Atrial volumes and ejection fraction were calculated from 4‐chamber and 2‐chamber cine images. Correlations were analyzed using Spearman's Rho; modeling was performed with multivariable logistic regression.

Results

A total of 35 patients with a mean age of 15.5 years were included, 12 with acute rejection. The median time post‐transplant was 6.2 years. Peak filling rate (PFR) and peak LV ejection rate/end‐diastolic volume (PER/EDV) correlated with PCWP (rho = 0.48 p = .005, and rho = −0.35 p = .046, respectively) as did GLS and GCS (rho = 0.52 p = .002, and 0.40 p = .01). Indexed maximum and minimum left atrial (LA) volume correlated with PCWP (rho = 0.41, p = .01, rho = 0.41 p = .01), and LA ejection fraction inversely correlated with PCWP (rho = −0.40, p = .02). GLS and GCS correlated with RAP (rho = 0.55, p = .001 and rho = 0.43, p = .01). A model including LV GLS and PFR estimated PCWP ≥12 mmHg with an area under the curve of 0.84.

Conclusions

Cardiac magnetic resonance can be a useful noninvasive modality to assess for signs of diastolic dysfunction after PHTx.
Maladaptation to the transition period and consequences on fertility of dairy cows
Authors: Pascottini Osvaldo Bogado , Leroy Jo L. M. R. , Opsomer Geert
Published: June 2022

After parturition, dairy cows undergo a plethora of metabolic, inflammatory, and immunologic changes to adapt to the onset of lactation. These changes are mainly due to the homeorhetic shift to support milk production when nutrient demand exceeds dietary intake, resulting in a state of negative energy balance. Negative energy balance in postpartum dairy cows is characterized by upregulated adipose tissue modelling, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. However, half of the postpartum cows fail to adapt to these changes and develop one or more types of clinical and subclinical disease within 5 weeks after calving, and this is escorted by impaired reproductive performance in the same lactation. Maladaptation to the transition period exerts molecular and structural changes in the follicular and reproductive tract fluids, the microenvironment in which oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo development occur. Although the negative effects of transition diseases on fertility are well‐known, the involved pathways are only partially understood. This review reconstructs the mechanism of maladaptation to lactation in the transition period, explores their key (patho)physiological effects on reproductive organs, and briefly describes potential carryover effects on fertility in the same lactation.