bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward the identification of social signatures in ceramic production – An archaeological case study
Authors: Harush Ortal , Grosman Leore
Published: July 2021

Ceramic analysis has been concerned with categorizing types according to vessel shape and size for describing a given material culture at a particular time. This analysis’ long tradition has enabled archaeologists to define cultural units across time. However, going into the analysis of sub-typological variations is rarely done, although their meanings bear significant consequences on the understanding of ties between individuals and social units. This study, aiming to assess whether it is possible to identify social signatures, focuses on a single archaeological ceramic type. For this propose, we selected a corpus of 235 storage jars from two distinct periods: storage jars from the Intermediate Bronze Age (the 25th-20thcentury BCE); and the Oval Storage Jar type (hereafter: OSJ) from the Iron Age II (the late 9th–early 6thcentury BCE). The vessels selected were 3-D scanned to extract accurate geometric parameters and analyzed through an advanced shape analysis. The study results show that integrating computational and objective analysis methods, focusing on the “minute variation” within a single ceramic type, yields substantial insights regarding the relationship between variability and social units. In addition to the methodological guidelines and the suggested “work protocol” for further studies, the results shed light on the social organization of the Intermediate Bronze Age and the Iron Age II in Southern Levant.
University students’ strategies of coping with stress during the coronavirus pandemic: Data from Poland
Authors: Babicka-Wirkus Anna , Wirkus Lukasz , Stasiak Krzysztof , Kozłowski Paweł
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the functioning of universities worldwide. In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which radically changed students’ daily functioning. This situation clearly showed the students’ helplessness and difficulties with coping with this new, stressful situation, highlighted in many previous studies. A sudden and far-reaching change in daily functioning caused anxiety, depression, and stress in this group. Thus, from a pedagogical and psychological point of view, it is pertinent to examine the students’ strategies of coping with stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, in 2020, a sample of Polish students was anonymously measured using the Mini-COPE questionnaire. Data was gathered from 577 students from 17 universities. The statistical analysis showed that during the coronavirus pandemic, Polish students most often used the coping strategies of: acceptance, planning, and seeking emotional support. Such factors as age, gender, and place of residence influenced the choice of specific strategies of coping with stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results also showed that the youngest students had the lowest coping skills. The results allow for concluding that the students’ maladaptive strategies of coping with stress, especially during the pandemic, may result in long-term consequences for their psychophysiological health and academic achievements. Thus, based on the current results and on the participatory model of intervention, a support program for students is proposed which would involve psychological, organizational, and instrumental support.
Preventing a loss of accuracy of the tennis serve under pressure
Authors: Beckmann Jürgen , Fimpel Lukas , Wergin V. Vanessa
Published: July 2021

Dynamically squeezing the left hand (left hand dynamic handgrip) has been shown to be effective in preventing choking under pressure in right-handers in a variety of sports. The current study assessed the effectiveness of the left hand dynamic handgrip in preventing a loss of accuracy of tennis serves in competitive situations. Twenty right-handed highly skilled junior athletes performed eight tennis serves at a target without pressure (pre-test), followed by eight serves under pressure (post-test). Ten of the participants conducted the left hand dynamic handgrip prior to the post-test, while the other ten performed an equivalent handgrip with their right hand. The serving accuracy of the group performing the handgrip with their right hand decreased significantly from pre- to post-test, while the accuracy of the left hand dynamic handgrip group remained stable. The results indicate the left hand dynamic handgrip to be effective in preventing reduced accuracy of the tennis serve in competition situations as a form of choking under pressure. This technique could easily be integrated into tennis players’ serving routines and promote stable match performance in competitions.
Neuroinvasiveness of the MR766 strain of Zika virus in IFNAR-/- mice maps to prM residues conserved amongst African genotype viruses
Authors: Nakayama Eri , Kato Fumihiro , Tajima Shigeru , Ogawa Shinya , Yan Kexin , Takahashi Kenta , Sato Yuko , Suzuki Tadaki , Kawai Yasuhiro , Inagaki Takuya , Taniguchi Satoshi , Le Thuy T. , Tang Bing , Prow Natalie A. , Uda Akihiko , Maeki Takahiro , Lim Chang-Kweng , Khromykh Alexander A. , Suhrbier Andreas , Saijo Masayuki
Published: July 2021

Zika virus (ZIKV) strains are classified into the African and Asian genotypes. The higher virulence of the African MR766 strain, which has been used extensively in ZIKV research, in adult IFNα/β receptor knockout (IFNAR-/-) mice is widely viewed as an artifact associated with mouse adaptation due to at least 146 passages in wild-type suckling mouse brains. To gain insights into the molecular determinants of MR766’s virulence, a series of genes from MR766 were swapped with those from the Asian genotype PRVABC59 isolate, which is less virulent in IFNAR-/- mice. MR766 causes 100% lethal infection in IFNAR-/- mice, but when the prM gene of MR766 was replaced with that of PRVABC59, the chimera MR/PR(prM) showed 0% lethal infection. The reduced virulence was associated with reduced neuroinvasiveness, with MR766 brain titers ≈3 logs higher than those of MR/PR(prM) after subcutaneous infection, but was not significantly different in brain titers of MR766 and MR/PR(prM) after intracranial inoculation. MR/PR(prM) also showed reduced transcytosis when compared with MR766 in vitro. The high neuroinvasiveness of MR766 in IFNAR-/- mice could be linked to the 10 amino acids that differ between the prM proteins of MR766 and PRVABC59, with 5 of these changes affecting positive charge and hydrophobicity on the exposed surface of the prM protein. These 10 amino acids are highly conserved amongst African ZIKV isolates, irrespective of suckling mouse passage, arguing that the high virulence of MR766 in adult IFNAR-/- mice is not the result of mouse adaptation.
New and distinct chronic wasting disease strains associated with cervid polymorphism at codon 116 of the Prnp gene
Authors: Hannaoui Samia , Triscott Elizabeth , Duque Velásquez Camilo , Chang Sheng Chun , Arifin Maria Immaculata , Zemlyankina Irina , Tang Xinli , Bollinger Trent , Wille Holger , McKenzie Debbie , Gilch Sabine
Published: July 2021

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease affecting cervids. Polymorphisms in the prion protein gene can result in extended survival of CWD-infected animals. However, the impact of polymorphisms on cellular prion protein (PrPC) and prion properties is less understood. Previously, we characterized the effects of a polymorphism at codon 116 (A>G) of the white-tailed deer (WTD) prion protein and determined that it destabilizes PrPC structure. Comparing CWD isolates from WTD expressing homozygous wild-type (116AA) or heterozygous (116AG) PrP, we found that 116AG-prions were conformationally less stable, more sensitive to proteases, with lower seeding activity in cell-free conversion and reduced infectivity. Here, we aimed to understand CWD strain emergence and adaptation. We show that the WTD-116AG isolate contains two different prion strains, distinguished by their host range, biochemical properties, and pathogenesis from WTD-116AA prions (Wisc-1). Serial passages of WTD-116AG prions in tg(CerPrP)1536+/+ mice overexpressing wild-type deer-PrPC revealed two populations of mice with short and long incubation periods, respectively, and remarkably prolonged clinical phase upon inoculation with WTD-116AG prions. Inoculation of serially diluted brain homogenates confirmed the presence of two strains in the 116AG isolate with distinct pathology in the brain. Interestingly, deglycosylation revealed proteinase K-resistant fragments with different electrophoretic mobility in both tg(CerPrP)1536+/+ mice and Syrian golden hamsters infected with WTD-116AG. Infection of tg60 mice expressing deer S96-PrP with 116AG, but not Wisc-1 prions induced clinical disease. On the contrary, bank voles resisted 116AG prions, but not Wisc-1 infection. Our data indicate that two strains co-existed in the WTD-116AG isolate, expanding the variety of CWD prion strains. We argue that the 116AG isolate does not contain Wisc-1 prions, indicating that the presence of 116G-PrPC diverted 116A-PrPC from adopting a Wisc-1 structure. This can have important implications for their possible distinct capacities to cross species barriers into both cervids and non-cervids.
Passado, Presente e Futuro dos Direitos Humanos : Após as Comemorações dos 70 Anos da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos 1948 - 2018
Authors: Xavier João Proença , Albuquerque Cristina Pinto , Simões Jacob , Cruz Maria Teresa Lopes
Published: July 2021

As memórias da Segunda Guerra Mundial foram o mote para a criação do mais importante tratado de Direitos Humanos alguma vez ratificado pelos povos do planeta. No entanto, após o silencio que se seguiu a estas comemorações mundiais, e em resposta ao crescente sentimento mundial de insegurança das últimas duas décadas, nasceu e cresceu a presente obra, que visa chamar atenção de TODOS para a necessidade de repestinar as memórias destes escritos de 1948 e neles buscar a refundação da protecção dos Direitos Humanos, com a necessidade do reforço da sua protecção nacional e internacional, atinente à crescente nova busca de tranquilidade, de paz e do direito à “segurança”, conceito lançado pela ONU em 1994 e que se vem desenvolvendo desde as primeiras décadas do Século XXI, tão importante no que toca à Saúde, actualmente posta em risco transversalmente por esta pandemia mundial sem precedentes. Esta Obra é de incontornável leitura para os que se interessam pelo enfoque dos Direitos Humanos e Dignidade da Pessoa Humana, estudados à luz do estado de direito democrático e da responsabilidade internacional dos Estados pela assinatura e ratificação dos Tratados Internacionais de Direitos Humanos, e prima facie do respeito pelos valores plasmados na Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos de 1948.
Ver mais longe: Dois pequenos ensaios sobre Ciência
Authors: Urbano Pedro
Published: July 2021

Galileu estabeleceu um rumo, ao instituir uma forma de conceber e praticar a pesquisa científica que perdura até hoje, pousando metaforicamente a primeira pedra de um edifício que se viria a revelar formidável. A emancipação pelo conhecimento faz parte da influência libertadora da Ciência por ser uma das maiores forças que concorrem para a liberdade humana. Estes dois ensaios propõem um ponto da situação acerca de algumas questões do desenvolvimento da Ciência moderna
Sertões e Outros Mundos
Authors: Andrade Joel Carlos de Souza
Published: July 2021

Pensar os “sertões”, sob um ponto de vista multímodo e articulado a outras experiências em termos de espaço, temporalidade e domínios constitui a proposta que norteia os capítulos deste livro. Distantes de uma perspectiva isolacionista, exótica ou inferior em relação aos vários campos produtores e enunciadores do conhecimento, estes sertões e outros mundos se afirmam como uma proposta clara de deslocamento das relações local/regional/global. Estas conexões estão presentes nas experiências de diferentes intelectuais, memorialistas, agentes, instituições e massa anônima frente aos dilemas sociais, políticos, culturais, ambientais, científicos e jurídicos, especialmente brasileiros, e, em alguns casos, correlacionados ao universo português.
Comparing spatial and content analysis of residents and tourists using Geotagged Social Media Data. The Historic Neighbourhood of Alfama (Lisbon), a case study
Authors: Yubero Claudia , Condeço-Melhorado Ana Margarida , García-Hernández María , Fontes Ana Catarina
Published: July 2021

Tourism flows to large cities have increased drastically in the past few years. The Alfama neighbourhood in Lisbon (Portugal) is facing major changes with respect to land uses, demographic features and social appropriation patterns in public spaces, caused by the intensification of tourism. The consequences of new emerging economic and symbolic values have rapidly given rise to a scenario of touristification and gentrification in the neighbourhood. In order to address such complexities, sustainable urban planning can benefit from real-time data sources that can represent the tourism flows in spatial and temporal perspectives. The research question allows Twitter to be used as an emerging data source and for analysing spatial patterns and content, based on two sample groups: residents and tourists, and their interpretations about the use of space for leisure activities. The research method is based on an analysis of two years of geotagged tweets in the city of Lisbon, differentiating between tourist and resident users, and, in a subsequent step, in the Alfama neighbourhood. The spatial distribution analysis and the content analysis have revealed not only spatio-temporal activity patterns but also emotional responses to new trends in urban tourism uses, consumption and perception of an increasing tourism pressure in Alfama. The results are relevant in the field of tourism and sustainable urban planning.
Presentación. Compartir el pasado para compartir el futuro. Educación histórica en perspectiva europea
Authors: Sánchez Agustí María , Molina Puche Sebastián
Published: July 2021

Presentación
¿Qué hubiera pasado si...? Enseñanza de la historia y reflexión contrafáctica en los currículos noruegos del siglo XXI
Authors: Pelegrín Campo Julián
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo se propone mostrar un panorama actualizado de la enseñanza de la historia en Noruega durante la transición entre el currículo implantado en 2006 y la nueva reforma de 2020 y analizar en particular las consecuencias del reconocimiento oficial otorgado a la utilidad didáctica de la reflexión contrafáctica en el aula como resultado de su incorporación desde 2006 entre los objetivos competenciales de las enseñanzas de la materia de historia en el sistema educativo de este país tanto durante la enseñanza obligatoria como durante la educación secundaria superior.
Endemoniados, impostores o enfermos. Discernimiento de espíritus en los tratados demonológicos de la Inglaterra Reformada (1580-1630)
Authors: Méndez Agustín
Published: July 2021

A partir de un análisis de los tratados sobre brujería publicados por teólogos y ministros protestantes, el presente artículo se propone estudiar las particularidades del discernimiento de espíritus en relación al problema de la posesión espiritual en la Inglaterra de finales del siglo xvi y comienzos del xvii. En este tipo de literatura teológica, los padecimientos de los posesos eran interpretados de tres maneras diferentes: como el resultado de una invasión demoníaca, como una enfermedad de origen natural o como un fingimiento. De esta manera, se propone como hipótesis que existía un explícito rechazo a la posibilidad de que los cuerpos poseídos fuesen anfitriones de la divinidad o de alguno de sus ángeles, algo comúnmente aceptado dentro del paradigma del discernimiento contemporáneo. Esta negativa sería el resultado del modo en que el discurso demonológico inglés entendía áreas más amplias de la teología como la Providencia y su relación con el colectivo humano, los milagros y los carismas, y la santidad, así como también del carácter inherentemente polémico de la tratadística contra la brujería del periodo.
Nuevas leyes, mismos problemas: la enseñanza de la historia en España a partir de los recuerdos de los futuros profesores de Educación Secundaria
Authors: Molina Puche Sebastián , Ortuño Molina Jorge , Sánchez Agustí María
Published: July 2021

Desde 1970, en las diferentes leyes generales de Educación se ha orientado al profesorado de Ciencias Sociales a asumir planteamientos innovadores, encaminados a conferir mayor practicidad a su acción docente. Desde esta perspectiva, este artículo se plantea analizar las visiones de los futuros profesores de Historia y Geografía sobre los métodos de enseñanza, indagando en el pasado disciplinar a través de su memoria como discentes. El estudio se ha realizado en las Universidades de Murcia y Valladolid, en la especialidad de Geografía e Historia del Máster de Formación del Profesorado durante el curso 2020/2021, con un total de 55 participantes. El diseño de investigación se corresponde con un enfoque cualitativo y para la obtención de datos se ha utilizado un cuestionario abierto. Las narrativas resultantes han sido analizadas inductivamente con el software Nvivo. Los resultados recogen que, aunque hay algunas diferencias según el marco legislativo en el que se cursó la ESO, la mayoría de los participantes guarda recuerdos negativos de su experiencia como alumnos de geografía e historia, ligados a métodos docentes tradicionales como la lección magistral, el dictado de apuntes, el uso del libro de texto y la práctica ausencia del fomento del pensamiento crítico. De ahí que la clave para una auténtica transformación en la metodología docente parece estar más en una buena formación inicial, así como en una revisión de la extensión de los contenidos curriculares, que en el cambio de las leyes generales de educación.
Non-Enzymatic Glycation and Formation of Advanced Glycation End-Products
Alters the Activity and Related Kinetic Properties of Aldose Reductase
Authors: Mkhombo M.H. , Mogale M.A. , Shai L.J. , Lebelo S.L.
Published: July 2021

Aldose reductase was incubated with and without either fructose or glucose for 42 days to initiate the
glycation process. The concentrations of fructosamine were measured on every 7th day using the standard
nitroblue tetrazolium reagent assay. Carboxymethyllysine formed was determined using enzyme linked
immunosorbent assay-based methods, fluorescent end-products were measured using
spectrofluorometric methods. Activities were assayed by measuring the absorbance of co-factor
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen at 340 nm. Fructosamine, carboxymethyllysine
protein adducts and fluorescent end-products were significantly higher (p < 0.001) when aldose
reductase was incubated with fructose or glucose than without. Although the glycation of aldose
reductase did not result in the alteration of both the optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme, both
the activity and Vmax were increased, whereas Km was decreased. Non-enzymatic glycation of aldose
reductase increases both its activity and Vmax, while decreasing its Km. Additionally, glycation did not
affect the pH of enzyme and temperature optima.
Influence of Variant Temperatures in Optical, Magnetic Properties of NiO
Nanoparticles and its Supercapacitor Applications via Precipitation Method
Authors: Sivakumar S. , Mala Nazir Ahmad
Published: July 2021

In this study, nickel oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized via precipitation method and calcinated
at 500, 600, 700 and 800 ºC, respectively. TG/DTA curves expose the thermal stability of the
prepared/asprepared product. The XRD results revealed that NiO nanoparticles have cubic structure.
Crystallite sizes increase with increasing calcination temperatures by using two different methods via
Scherer′s method and W-H method. The SEM and TEM images confirmed that the NiO nanoparticles
have a spherical morphology with high agglomeration. The photoluminescence (PL) and FT-IR spectra
give details of the crystal defects and functional groups present in the prepared samples. The energy
bandgap of the prepared products was observed to be decreasing (3.59 to 3.01 eV), respectively. The
VSM study confirms the occurrence of weak ferromagnetic behaviour. The highest specific capacitance
of 555.62 F g-1 at 10 mV/s was obtained for NiO (800 ºC) nanoparticles.
Phytochemical Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Pharmacological Activities,
Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Compound from the Bark of Sterculia urens Roxb.
Authors: Darapureddy Chaitanya , Prasad K.R.S. , R.S. Ch Phani
Published: July 2021

The objective of the present study is to investigate the phytochemical constituents by qualitative and
quantitative analysis, pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory,
thrombolytic and antibacterial activities of different crude extracts from bark of Sterculia urens Roxb.
Further, the preparative HPLC isolation and spectroscopic characterization of the bioactive
phytochemical constituents were also carried out. Different solvents such as n-hexane, ethyl acetate,
methanol and water were used to prepare the crude extracts from the bark using Soxhlet extraction
apparatus. DPPH free radical scavenging assay (antioxidant), α-amylase inhibition assay (antidiabetic),
albumin denaturation assay (anti-inflammatory), blood clot lysis method (thrombolytic) and
well-diffusion method (antibacterial) were performed for the determination of pharmacological activities
of the bark extracts. The preparative HPLC analysis was carried for the separation and purification of
bioactive compounds and the identification of isolated compounds was carried using 1H NMR, 13C
NMR and mass spectroscopy. The quantitative estimation studies confirmed that methanolic extract
contains 7.75 ± 0.141 GAE/g of phenolic compounds, 10.47 ± 0.033 mg of QE/g of flavonoids and
8.70 ± 0.047 mg/g of terpenoids. The ethyl acetate extract contains 2.16 ± 0.126 GAE/g of phenolic
compounds whereas the aqueous extract contains 16.53 ± 0.055 mg/g of saponins. High DPPH radical
scavenging was observed for methanolic extract with IC50 concentration of 85.38 ± 0.213 μg/mL. The
α-amylase inhibition activity with IC50 concentrations of 145.67 ± 1.87, 98.36 ± 0.47 and 194.47 ±
0.55 μg/mL for ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts respectively. The albumin denaturation
inhibition activity was found to be very high for methanolic extract with IC50 values of 132.08 ± 0.13
μg/mL which is near to the standard (107.13 ± 0.13 μg/mL). The % clot lysis of the methanolic extract
in thrombolytic activity was found to be similar to the 100 μL of streptokinase (62.36 ± 0.140 %). Two
terpenoids (One known terpenoid mansonone G and one new terpenoid) were isolated from the
methanolic extract using preparative HPLC separation. Three known flavonoids (farrerol, apigenin
and 6-hydroxyluteolin) and one new flavonoid were also isolated from the methanolic extract. The
results suggested that bark extracts of Sterculia urens Roxb. having rich phytochemical constituents
with high pharmacological activities.
ALCOHOL USE AND FRAILTY IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER PERSONS AGED 65 TO 70 YEARS
Authors: SEEMATTER-BAGNOUD L. , SPAGNOLI J. , BULA C. , SANTOS-EGGIMANN B.
Published: July 2021

Background:Alcohol use has beneficial as well as adverse consequences on health, but few studiesexamined its role in the development of age-related frailty. Objectives:To describe the cross-sectional andlongitudinal association between alcohol intake and frailty in older persons. Design:The Lausanne cohort 65+population-based study, launched in 2004. Setting:Community. Participants:One thousand five hundred sixty-four persons aged 65-70 years. Measurements:Annual data collection included demographics, health andfunctional status, extended by a physical examination every 3 years. Alcohol use (AUDIT-C), and Fried’s frailtycriteria were measured at baseline and 3-year follow-up. Participants were categorized into robust (0 frailtycriterion) and vulnerable (1+ criteria). Results:Few participants (13.0%) reported no alcohol consumption overthe past year, 57.8% were light-to-moderate drinkers, while 29.3% drank above recommended thresholds (18.7%“at risk” and 10.5% “heavy” drinkers). At baseline, vulnerability was most frequent in non-drinkers (43.0%),least frequent in light-to-moderate drinkers (26.2%), and amounted to 31.9% in “heavy” drinkers showing areverse J-curve pattern. In multivariate analysis, compared to light-to-moderate drinkers, non-drinkers had twicehigher odds of prevalent (adjOR: 2.24; 95%CI:1.39-3.59; p=.001), as well as 3-year incident vulnerability(adjOR: 2.00; 95%CI:1.02-3.91; p=.043). No significant association was observed among “at risk” and “heavy”drinkers. Conclusion:Non-drinkers had two-times higher odds of prevalent and 3-year incident vulnerability,even after adjusting for their baseline poorer health status. Although residual confounding is still possible, theseresults likely reflect a healthy survival effect among drinkers while those who experienced health- or alcohol-related problems stopped drinking earlier.
THE ROLE THE FRAILTY SYNDROME CAN PLAY IN ADVOCACY AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION FOR OUR AGEING POPULATION – FINDINGS IN A DUBLIN DAY HOSPITAL
Authors: NTLHOLANG O. , KELLY R.E. , ROMERO-ORTUNO R. , COSGRAVE S. , KELLY D. , CROWE M. , COLLINS O. , BARRY J.J. , COGAN L. , HUGHES G. , O’SHEA D.
Published: July 2021

Frail individuals are at higher risk of adverse outcomes, and need identification and priority access toComprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA). We prospectively collected data on new referrals to our dayhospital. Levels of frailty were measured with the SHARE Frailty Instrument for Primary Care (SHARE-FI). Of257 patients assessed (90 men, 167 women), 110 (43%) were non-frail, 66 (26%) pre-frail and 81 (32%) frail.Mean age was 82 years for the non-frail, 83 for the pre-frail and 84 for the frail. Forty-one percent of the frailreported two or more falls in the preceding year, compared to 38% of the pre-frail and 21% of the non-frail (P fortrend = 0.003). Of 27 patients who were referred for ongoing multidisciplinary assessment and rehabilitation, 16(59%) were frail. The frailty syndrome has the potential to become an advocacy tool for older people and helptarget effective, but finite, CGA resources.
The importance of melatonin in the regulation of metabolism, eating behavior, sleep, and the prospects for the use of melatonin drugs for obesity treatment
Authors: Tsvetkova E. S. , Romantsova T. I. , Poluektov M. G. , Runova G. E. , Glinkina I. V. , Fadeev V. V.
Published: July 2021

Melatonin is a special hormone that act as an internal synchronizer of circadian rhythms, the organism physiology and behavior to the environmental day and night and seasons of the year. The present urban society and the industrial production processes as organized should be considered, as both depend on the presence of indoor lights during the night and include the profuse use of electronic devices whose screens are rich in blue wavelength light. Light during the night delays the beginning of the secretory episode of melatonin and blunts its peak, causing chronic hypomelatoninemia. Hypomelatonemia, that causes deprivation of sleep and eating behavior disorders, along with low physical activity, can be the reason of the obesity, «non-infectious epidemic of the 21st century». According to this, the use of melatonin drugs for obesity treatment can be effective. Further prospective, controlled, randomized trials in this area are required to confirm this hypothesis.
To the question of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the influence of obesity on the level of vitamin D
Authors: Suplotova L. A. , Avdeeva V. A. , Rozhinskaya L. Y.
Published: July 2021

The influence of obesity on human health, as a multifactorial and multigenic disorder, is a rather complex, interdisciplinary and at the same time extremely urgent problem of modern society. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the consequences of obesity that negatively affects a person’s life expectancy. Vitamin D deficiency is rightfully considered a silent, non-infectious metabolic pandemic of the 21st century. Its significant role in the functioning of the human body is deep and multifaceted, since vitamin D is an integral regulator of the transcriptional activity of genes that control 3–5% of the human genome. There are ongoing discussions among experts in the medical community about the negative impact of obesity on 25 (OH) D levels, and the opposite hypothesis is also being discussed, where vitamin D deficiency is considered an independent risk factor for obesity. Both external causes of the formation of vitamin D deficiency against the background of excessive deposition of adipose tissue and internal metabolic processes underlying the pathogenetic association are analyzed two pathological conditions.
Risk Factors for Obesity Development in Different Periods of Childhood
Authors: Chubarov T. V. , Bessonova A. V. , Zhdanova O. A. , Artyushchenko A. A. , Sharshova O. G.
Published: July 2021

Obesity is an important health problem in many countries. Obesity among the child population is growing steadily, including the Russian Federation. Development of this disease often occurs in childhood and sometimes the origin of obesity goes back to prenatal period. There are a number of endogenous and exogenous factors than play an important role in development of obesity. These are heredity, socioeconomic status of the family, factors which are revealed during pregnancy and child delivery — weight gain, administration of antibacterial drugs and hyperglycemia in mother during her pregnancy, mode of delivery, feeding type and time of complementary food introduction, excessive consumption of calories with food, improper daily routine and lack of sleep, skipping meals, use of gadgets and associated physical inactivity and excessive food intake, marketing of high-calorie foods and others. Prevailing risk factors can be identified for each age period. Study and early identification of risk factors taking into account age of a child is necessary to take timely prevention measures and inform parents and their children about possible reasons and consequences of obesity.
¿Del monólogo al diálogo de saberes? Una reflexión epistemológica y pedagógica sobre la incorporación de los saberes tradicionales indígenas en la educación intercultural básica en México
Authors: Rosa Carlo
Published: July 2021

Con el presente artículo propongo un análisis del concepto de diálogo de saberes en la educación intercultural. Para ello, la reflexión gira en torno a tres puntos: la dificultad teórica de hacer conciliar inclusión y diálogo; el cuestionamiento de la pertinencia de los métodos e instrumentos de la epistemología occidental para sistematizar los saberes indígenas; la crítica a la propuesta de incorporación de los saberes indígenas reflejada en los Marcos Curriculares de Educación Indígena y de la Población Migrante. Se sostiene que el sistema educativo mexicano, al encontrarse aún inmerso en una ideología sustancialmente inclusivista y homogeneizadora, está muy lejos de pasar del monólogo cultural, pedagógico y epistemológico al diálogo. Se concluye que el desafío consiste en hacer efectivo el ideal de una educación intercultural para todos y en fomentar la reflexión epistemológica para la comprensión de los saberes indígenas, con el fin de evitar aplicar procesos de sistematización erróneos para su incorporación en la escuela.
Planejamento da educação básica na Espanha 1978-2016: Conceitos, leis e modelos
Authors: Souza Donaldo Bello de
Published: July 2021

Este estudo visa à análise do Planejamento da Educação Básica na Espanha (1978-2016), à luz das suas repercussões em três dimensões básicas: teórico-conceitual, jurídico-normativa e metodológica. Respectivamente, objetiva sinalizar os consensos e os dissensos entre as várias perspectivas sobre o conceito de Planejamento da Educação, identificar os contextos e as vinculações das reformas educacionais ao planejamento da educação e distinguir os modelos de planejamento a partir das tipologias de George Psacharopoulos e Hans Weiler. Resulta de levantamento documental exaustivo, realizado no período 2017-2018, in loco, em torno de artigos em revistas científicas, teses de doutorado, livros e capítulos de livro publicados neste país. Como conclusão mais geral, postula que o planejamento da educação vem transitando das abordagens quantitativas para as qualitativas, das estreitas vinculações aos planejamentos econômico-desenvolvimentistas para a consolidação de sentidos e valores político-sociais de maior amplitude, do monopólio das administrações centrais para as esferas regionais e locais, da centralidade dos sistemas de ensino para os contextos intraescolares, dos cartéis da tecnocracia e da expertise para os processos participativos referentes a atores sociais diversos, coerentemente a uma agenda global para as políticas públicas de educação e à integração econômica e cultural da Espanha ao cenário internacional.
New sequencing methods
Authors: Bösl Elsbeth , Samida Stefanie
Published: July 2021

Today, DNA sequencing is part of the standard repertoire of biological and medical research. Next generation sequencing (NGS), established around the mid-2000s, was the main catalyst for this development. NGS has led to major knowledge gains in the molecular life sciences. However, the new technology provides data that pose new challenges that both science and society still must learn to deal with. A technology-driven dynamic can already be observed in this field, leading to transformation processes in science, where new fields of research are emerging, but also in society, where questions of identity are increasingly being negotiated based on genetic analyses.
The unevenly absorbed and induced intra-regional Facebook adoption in Western Ukraine
Authors: Puhach Serhii , Mezentsev Kostyantyn
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to reveal and explain the spatial pattern of Facebook adoption in Western Ukraine. It discusses how to trace the fragmented nature of social networking services’ (SNS) penetration at the intra-regional level using Facebook data analysis. This study has confirmed the expectation that in Western Ukraine Facebook adoption is predominantly an urban phenomenon, but with some peculiarities depending on the local context. The largest cities and regional centers attract the highest number of users, while peripheral and the economically least developed places have the lowest Facebook penetration rate. However, there are some areas with a higher number of Facebook adopters caused by a specific rural settlement system and the location in the Carpathians with no large cities ‘pulling’ the audience. The spatial pattern of Facebook adoption in Western Ukraine is an intricate and intertwined mosaic of ‘SNS hubs’ and peripheries, suggesting a ‘digital differentiation’ rather than a ‘digital divide’.
Poly(propylene carbonate) networks with excellent properties: Terpolymerization of carbon dioxide, propylene oxide, and 4,4ʹ-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride
Authors: Zhang Yi-Le , Wang Wen-Zhen , Wang Li , Li Lei-Lei , Zhang Kai-Yue , Zhao Sai-Di
Published: July 2021

Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) is an emerging low-cost biodegradable plastic with potential application in many fields. However, compared with polyolefin plastics, the major limitations of PPC are its poor mechanical and thermal properties. Herein, a thermoplastic PPC containing cross-linked networks, one-pot synthesized by the copolymerization of carbon dioxide, propylene oxide, and 4,4ʹ-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride, had excellent thermal and mechanical properties and dimensional stability. The weight-average molecular weight and the polymer yield of the PPC5 were up to 212 kg mol−1 and 104 gpolym gcat
−1, respectively. The 5% thermal weight loss temperature reached 320°C, and it could withstand a tensile force of 52 MPa. This cross-linked PPC has excellent properties and is expected to be used under extreme conditions, as the material can withstand strong tension and will not deform.
Role of dry ozonization of basalt fibers on interfacial properties and fracture toughness of epoxy matrix composites
Authors: Kim Seong-Hwang , Park Sun-Min , Park Soo-Jin
Published: July 2021

The mechanical properties of basalt fiber-reinforced epoxy composites (BFRPs) are significantly dependent on the interfacial adhesion between basalt fibers (BFs) and the epoxy matrix. In this study, we proposed a simple and efficient method for deep and stable penetration of BFs into the epoxy matrix through dry-ozone treatments. To confirm the efficiency of the proposed method, BFRPs were fabricated using two types of composites: untreated BFs and dry-ozonized BFs in varying amounts, and the optimum amount of BFs for all the composites fabricated in this work was 60 wt%. With the addition of this amount of dry-ozonized BFs, the interlaminar shear strength and fracture toughness of the composites were enhanced by 21.2 and 23.2%, respectively, as compared with untreated BFs. The related reinforcing mechanisms were also analyzed, and the enhanced interfacial adhesion was mainly attributed to the mechanical interlocking effect. This approach shows that the dry-ozone treatment of BFs is a simple and efficient method for the preparation of BFRPs with excellent interfacial adhesion, which can be a potential application in the auto parts industry.
Duelling contexts: how action misalignment leads to impoliteness in a courtroom
Authors: Mitchell Nathaniel
Published: July 2021

This paper investigates linguistic and non-linguistic markers of negative evaluations of situated behaviours, termed impoliteness (Culpeper, Jonathan. 2011. Impoliteness: Using language to cause offence. In Drew Paul, Marjorie H. Goodwin, John J. Gumpertz & Deborah Schiffrin (eds.), Studies in interactional linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). The paper takes an interactional pragmatic approach to a fixed institutional setting (a courtroom) to investigate how (not why) a series of reprimands and sanctions unfolded. It shows that the key participants, the judge and the defendant, orient to separate interactional cues from their unshared overhearing audiences (their unshared contexts), whilst orienting to each other’s institutional interaction turns (their shared context). This paper suggests that their contexts create competing architectures of intersubjectivity, termed duelling contexts, because the participants are not co-locative (in separate rooms connected through closed circuit TV).
Recent advances in the corpus-based study of ongoing grammatical change in English
Authors: Mair Christian
Published: July 2021

Comparing early and current corpus-based work on ongoing grammatical change in English, the present study argues that progress tends to manifest itself in the more comprehensive and systematic coverage of changes known to be under way rather than in the discovery of genuinely new diachronic processes. As will be shown in two case studies on modal/semi-modal verbs and the progressive, there are three reasons for this. First, corpus research on ongoing change has been helped by increases in the size of available corpora and even more so by better coverage of spoken English. Secondly, researchers have a much wider range of statistical methods to choose from. Thirdly, conceptual advances have been made in theoretical models of change, particularly with regard to the impact of language ideologies and prescriptivism. In the study of ongoing changes, the corpus-based approach remains indispensable because it remedies the errors of impressionistic observation and helps shift attention from a small number of shibboleths important to prescriptivists to the groundswell of grammatical change that generally proceeds below the level of speakers’ conscious awareness.
Итоги первого года правительства Б. Джонсона
Authors: Ananieva Elena , Babynina Lyudmila , Godovanyuk Kira , Eremina Natalia , Kapitonova Natalia , Kovalev Igor , Ostapenko Galina , Okhoshin Oleg , Polyakova Elena , Susloparova Elena , Khesin Efim , Shein Sergey , Shkrobtak Igor
Published: July 2021

Коллективная монография посвящена политическим и эко- номическим изменениям в Великобритании в преддверии и по- сле досрочных выборов в Соединённом Королевстве в декабре 2019 г. Первый год премьерства Б. Джонсона ознаменован не только такими судьбоносными для Соединённого Королевства событиями, как Соглашение о выходе из ЕС в январе 2020 г. и завершение переходного периода в декабре 2020 г., но и панде- мией COVID-19. Авторы анализируют замедление темпов раз- вития, социально-экономические последствия коронакризиса, рост противоречий между центром и регионами, антирасистские демонстрации летом 2020 г. В монографии рассмотрена эволю- ция государственного управления и партийно-политической си- стемы. Исследованы направления внешней политики Британии в свете модернизации её вооружённых сил, а также влияние вну- триполитических факторов на российско-британские отношения.
Development of improved SRC-3 inhibitors as breast cancer therapeutic agents
Authors: Qin Li , Chen Jianwei , Lu Dong , Jain Prashi , Yu Yang , Cardenas David , Peng Xiaohui , Yu Xiaobin , Xu Jianming , Wang Jin , O’Malley Bert W , Lonard David M
Published: July 2021

Steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) possess specific and distinct oncogenic roles in the initiation of cancer and in its progression to a more aggressive disease. These coactivators interact with nuclear receptors and other transcription factors to boost transcription of multiple genes, which potentiate cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor angiogenesis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Targeting SRCs using small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) is a promising approach to control cancer progression and metastasis. By high-throughput screening analysis, we recently identified SI-2 as a potent SRC SMI. To develop therapeutic agents, SI-10 and SI-12, the SI-2 analogs are synthesized that incorporate the addition of F atoms to the SI-2 chemical structure. As a result, these analogs exhibit a significantly prolonged plasma half-life, minimal toxicity and improved hERG activity. Biological functional analysis showed that SI-10 and SI-12 treatment (5–50 nM) can significantly inhibit viability, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and repress the growth of breast cancer PDX organoids. Treatment of mice with 10 mg/kg/day of either SI-10 or SI-12 was sufficient to repress the growth of xenograft tumors derived from MDA-MB-231 and LM2 cells. Furthermore, in spontaneous and experimental metastasis mouse models developed from MDA-MB-231 and LM2 cells, respectively, SI-10 and SI-12 effectively inhibited the progression of breast cancer lung metastasis. These results demonstrate that SI-10 and SI-12 are promising therapeutic agents and are specifically effective in blocking tumor metastasis, a key point in tumor progression to a more lethal state that results in patient mortality in the majority of cases.
Независимо используемый дательный падеж в литовском, русском и словенском языках: некоторые замечания к сопоставительному анализу
Authors: Коницкая Елена
Published: July 2021

The present article examines independent or non-subcategorized uses of the dative case in three languages: Lithuanian, Russian, and Slovenian. The analysis is based on the classification of the dative functions proposed in the literature on Lithuanian (Holvoet & Čižik-Prokaševa 2005; Rembiałkowska 2007): 1) dativus ethicus, 2) dativus iudicantis; 3) dativus sympatethicus; 4) dativus commodi. The comparative methodology is based on establishing similarities and differences between the examples in each group identified in Lithuanian and their Slavic counterparts. The analysis shows that the first group is represented in all three languages, while in the other three groups considerable differences are observed. In some cases, in the second group, the Lithuanian non-subcategorized dative corresponds to the Russian construction для (‘for’) + GEN, and to the Slovenian construction za (‘for’) + ACC. In the third and fourth groups, the Lithuanian dative case, which usually represents an external possessor, often corresponds to the Slovenian dative, differing nonetheless from Russian where the construction y (‘at’) + GEN is used.
Differential Source Marking in the languages of Europe
Authors: Zaika Natalia M.
Published: July 2021

The article deals with encoding Source arguments of the predicate ‘take’ in the languages of Europe and identifies factors involved in Differential Source Marking. Animacy turns out to play the crucial role in this respect: while the encoding of animate Sources is rather homogeneous, inanimate Sources are encoded in different ways depending on the localization. The encoding of animate source can coincide with that of one of the two (or both) basic localizations: IN or ON or be different from it. Differential Marking of animate Sources is attested in Central Europe and implies recipient-like vs. ablative-like alternation where the encoding depends on whether something is taken for good or not and whether some extra force is applied or not. Differential Marking of inanimate Sources occurs in quite a number of European languages with different localizations; it is not always symmetrical to Differential Translocation Marking and can depend on the topicality on the argument or its semantic type.
Curatives in the Old-Lithuanian Bible translations
Authors: Brudzyński Paweł
Published: July 2021

The subject of the paper is curatives, a special type of causative verbs in Lithuanian, in the Bible translations by Johannes Bretke (1579–1590), Samuel Boguslaw Chylinski (1660), Samuel Bythner (1701), Philipp Ruhig (1727) and Juozapas Arnulfas Giedraitis (1816). Curatives are a special type of causation implementing the causee-suppressing valency (CSP) pattern. In the analyzed texts, one can notice several morphological, semantic or syntactic features coinciding with contemporary curative constructions. However, in addition to the morphology and semantics of curatives, the article discusses also some rare and interesting cases that can be interpreted as expressing the causee and includes remarks on the lexicalization processes.
Trauma-Informed Care
Authors: Forkey Heather , Szilagyi Moira , Kelly Erin T. , Duffee James ,   THE COUNCIL ON FOSTER CARE, ADOPTION, AND KINSHIP CARE, COUNCIL ON COMMUNITY PEDIATRICS, COUNCIL ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT, COMMITTEE ON PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF CHILD AND FAMILY HEALTH, Springer Sarah H. , Fortin Kristine , Jones Veronnie Fay , Vaden Greiner Mary Booth , Ochs Todd J. , Partap Anu N. , Davidson Sagor Linda , Allen Staat Mary , Thackeray Jonathan D. , Waite Douglas , Weber Zetley Lisa
Published: July 2021

Most children will experience some type of trauma during childhood, and many children suffer from significant adversities. Research in genetics, neuroscience, and epidemiology all provide evidence that these experiences have effects at the molecular, cellular, and organ level, with consequences on physical, emotional, developmental, and behavioral health across the life span. Trauma-informed care translates that science to inform and improve pediatric care and outcomes. To practically address trauma and promote resilience, pediatric clinicians need tools to assess childhood trauma and adversity experiences as well as practical guidance, resources, and interventions. In this clinical report, we summarize current, practical advice for rendering trauma-informed care across varied medical settings.