bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Transitioning of Water Distribution Systems: ERC Water-Futures Project
Authors: Savic Dragan , Hammer Barbara , Koundouri Phoebe , Polycarpou Marios
Published: March 2024

The percentage of the world population living in urban settlements is expected to increase to 70% of 9.7 billion by 2050. Historically, as cities grew, the development of new water infrastructures followed as needed. However, these developments had less to do with real planning than with reacting to crisis situations and urgent needs, due to the inability of urban water planners to consider long-term, deeply uncertain and ambiguous factors affecting urban development and water demand. The “Smart Water Futures: Designing the Next Generation of Urban Drinking Water Systems” or “Water-Futures” project, which was funded by the European Research Council (ERC), aims to develop a new theoretical framework for the allocation and development decisions on drinking water infrastructure systems so that they are: (i) socially equitable, (ii) economically efficient, and (iii) environmentally resilient, as advocated by the UN Agenda 2030, Sustainable Development Goals. The ERC Synergy grant project tackles the “wicked problem” of transitioning water distribution systems in a holistic manner, involving civil engineering, control engineering, machine learning, decision theory and environmental economics expertise. Developing a theoretical foundation for designing smart water systems that can deliver optimally robust and resilient decisions for short/long-term planning is one of the biggest challenges that future cities will be facing. This paper presents an overview of related past research on this topic, the knowledge gaps in terms of investigating the problem in a holistic manner, and the key early outcomes of the project.
Pressure Sensor Placement In Water Networks Based On Sensitivity Matrix: A Real Instrumentation Project Plan
Authors: Van Eeckhout Joan , Cugueró Josep , Pérez Ramon
Published: March 2024

The instrumentation and supervision of water distribution networks (WDN) are challenging tasks as the use of monitoring devices imply a high cost including installation and maintenance. One of the emerging issues is the definition of the best possible layout of the measurements to be recorded. Considering the sampling costs and budget limitations on the number of sensors to be distributed, to determine a trade-off is mandatory. The trade-off may highly depend on the final use of these sensors. This work presents a methodology to support practitioners to decide which is the optimal pressure sensor placement and the appropriate number of pressure sensors to install on a WDN. Two main applications for demand calibration and leak detection and localisation are considered. A sensor placement methodology is applied to find the most sensible locations with respect to demand groups. Additionally, as the sensor placement methodology does not define an optimal number of sensors to be distributed in the WDN, an approach to formulate a trade-off is developed. This approach generates an indicator that quantifies the degree of relevance of the information recorded by a given sensor layout. The methodology presented is applied on a real WDN to select the most appropriate pressure measurement layout as part of an instrumentation project plan.
Roadmap Drinking Water Distribution: an inventory of the challenges of the Dutch Water companies and research needs towards a future proof water supply
Authors: Holzhaus Petra , Blokker Mirjam , Van Laarhoven Karel , Vreeburg Jan
Published: March 2024

New developments bring challenges for the water sector. While the world quickly changes, the distribution network is relatively inert and can only slowly change. The drinking water companies in the Netherlands perform a joined research program (BTO, BedrijfsTak Onderzoek) to the impact of rapid world changes to the drinking water supply and prepare measures to cope with this. In 2020 broad expert panels of all drinking water utilities participating in the BTO discussed their expected and desired future developments, ultimately leading to a new roadmap for distribution research for the period till 2050. This roadmap is the backbone for the new research period for the BTO and simultaneously serves as a reflection on the present research program. The most important societal challenges in which Dutch drinking water companies want to invest are found in in (a) cooperation in the underground, (b) customer satisfaction, (c) water quantity and quality and (d) future-proofing of the distribution network. For the research program this indicates that knowledge needs to be expanded in three directions: (1) water quality and temperature of the drinking water in the distribution network, (2) justified decisions on maintenance and replacements and (3) transition toward strategic network design.
Coupling Agent-based Modeling with Water Distribution System Models to Simulate Social Distancing and Water Infrastructure Performance during COVID-19
Authors: Vizanko Brent , Kadinski Leonid , Ostfeld Avi , Berglund Emily , Cummings Christopher L
Published: March 2024

Beside the immense impacts on public health, the COVID-19 pandemic also disrupted daily routines for people around the globe due to the adoption of social distancing measures, such as working from home and restricted travel in order to minimize viral exposure and transmission. Changes in daily routines created new water demand patterns, and the spatial redistribution of water demands in urban water distribution system networks affects water age, nodal pressures, and energy consumption. A range of factors influence individuals’ social distancing decisions including demographics, risk perceptions, and prior experience with infectious disease. This presentation reports a comprehensive modeling framework to capture decisions to social distance, the effect of social distancing on water demands, and the effects on the performance of water infrastructure. First, new Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) models are developed to simulate social distancing decision-making based on publicly available survey data describing COVID-19 risk perception, social distancing behaviors, and demographics. Data were collected in March and April of 2020 and included over N=6,991 participants from 11 countries in North America, Europe, and Asia. Feature sets are developed from participant characteristics using forward selection and Naïve Bayes classifiers to predict behaviors, including working from home. BBN model output is used within an agent-based modeling (ABM) framework to simulate how individuals interact within a community and dynamically adopt social distancing behaviors based on communication and transmission of infection. Agents represent individuals who transmit COVID-19, communicate with each other, decide to social distance, and exert water demands at residential and non-residential locations. COVID-19 transmission among agents is modelled using a susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR) model. Finally, the ABM is coupled with a water distribution model to simulate how changes in the location of demands affect water distribution metrics. The model is applied for a virtual city, Micropolis, to explore how varying population characteristics can affect water infrastructure. This research provides a new framework to develop and evaluate water infrastructure management strategies during pandemics.
Which flow and pressure constraints are required for sustainable operation of Water Distribution Systems?
Authors: Piller Olivier , Deuerlein Jochen , Elhay Sylvan , Simpson Angus R.
Published: March 2024

Water quantity and quality modelling tools are often used to understand the working and operate properly water distribution systems. In this paper, we discuss how to choose flow and pressure constraints at nodes and links in the distribution network graph for sustainable operation of these systems. Using practical and concrete examples, we show how the problem of choosing the appropriate flow and pressure constraints amounts to verifying that a certain algebraic condition of maximum rank holds (a constraint qualification condition), or equivalently that there is a corresponding spanning tree with unsaturated links and demand nodes. Some situations of non-convergence in the solution path are discussed.
pySIMDEUM - An open-source stochastic water demand end-use model
Authors: Steffelbauer David Bernhard , Hillebrand Bram , Blokker Mirjam
Published: March 2024

Water demand is a crucial input parameter in water distribution system analysis because it can fluctuate over various temporal and spatial scales. In the past, researchers developed stochastic models that can provide realistic consumption patterns for simulations to account for those demand dynamics. Parameters for stochastic models are usually retrieved by fitting these models on smart water meter data. The stochastic demand model SIMDEUM uses an entirely different approach by generating highly realistic water demands based on (country-specific) statistical information only, without the need for measurements. While this approach makes SIMDEUM widely applicable in the water sector, its widespread usage within the community has been hindered due to its software implementation and availability. We produced pySIMDEUM, an open-source and object-oriented implementation of the SIMDEUM software in the popular and freely available programming language Python. The pySIMDEUM software package is not only publicly available for usage within the water field — it is also intended to build the cornerstone of a widespread pySIMDEUM community of active developers. We want to use the WDSA/CCWI conference to address interested researchers or practitioners in the water sector and invite them to contribute to the software package as active part of the pySIMDEUM community. We will show SIMDEUM’s history and past applications, the mathematical approach behind SIMDEUM and pySIMDEUM, where to download and install the pySIMDEUM package, the structure of the program, and a minimal example of how easily pySIMDEUM can be used to generate realistic stochastic water demand patterns from scratch. Furthermore, we will highlight possible future applications of the new pySIMDEUM tool. These applications include automatic parametrisation of pySIMDEUM parameters on smart meter data, coupling stochastic demands directly with hydraulic solvers, or how to enable city-scale stochastic demand simulations.
Leakage control of water distribution system by drop-restore pressure based on viscoelastic mechanism
Authors: Gao Jinliang , Chen Jianxun , Wu Wenyan , Deng Liqun , Li Kunyi , Yuan Yi
Published: March 2024

As a common method to control leakage of water distribution system, pressure management has the advantages of reducing energy consumption, reducing the possibility of explosion and avoiding the aggravation of leakage. In recent years, with the popularization of plastic pipe in the world, it is necessary to study its leakage characteristic. Our research group carried out leakage experiments on high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe, and found that the correlation curve between leakage flow and pressure did not completely coincide in the phase of pressure boost and pressure reduction. The existing FAVAD and exponential leakage models could not explain this phenomenon, which challenges the pressure management theory dominated by a single depressing-pressure process, thus it’s necessary to explore pressure management strategies suitable for plastic pipes. Based on the viscoelastic properties of plastic pipe, we established the viscoelastic leakage model and proposed the leakage control method of drop-restore pressure, and verified its feasibility in practical engineering case. The main research objectives of this paper will be firstly to describe the strain response of leakage area in the process of continuous stress application with the Boltzmann superposition principle for HDPE pipe; the Voigt-Kelvin model is used to simulate the creep behavior of viscoelastic material, and a suitable leakage model for viscoelastic pipe is proposed to provide accurate expression of the leakage under the regulation of drop-restore pressure. Secondly, the viscoelastic pipe leakage model is embedded into the pressure-driven analysis model based on non-iterative method, and the pressure-driven viscoelastic leakage model is obtained. Finally, evaluating the proposed leakage model in the practical case. With the minimum of leakage flow as the objective function, the leakage control model of drop-restore pressure is established and solved by particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain the accurate pressure regulation scheme. After applying the scheme from the optimization, the leakage rate decreases from 37.7% to 16.8% on weekday, which is great impact on leakage control.
Water for firefighting: A comparative study across several cities
Authors: Ilemobade Adeshola Ayodeji
Published: March 2024

Studies into water for firefighting are sparse in global literature. Over the past three decades, 6 published studies have been undertaken in South Africa to quantify the extent of municipal water employed to fight fires. These studies have been necessary considering the need to conserve scarce and dwindling freshwater resources while providing adequate fire protection to many South African communities. While these studies have been driven by similar objectives, their analysis have not produced results that can easily be compared in order to extract generic highlights that can aid national firefighting efforts. In addition, the recent firefighting studies postulate that the minimum fire flows in the South African National Standard (the SANS 10090) and Guideline (The Red Book) are conservative and therefore do not promote the appropriate design of water networks. This may be attributed to the fact that the fire flows in the 1st edition of the SANS 10090 were likely over-estimated for South Africa since they were compiled with the assistance of organisations from the UK, USA, Canada, New Zealand and Germany, and have not notably changed since. This paper therefore aims to address 2 objectives. The first objective will extract as much data as is possible from each of the 6 studies and will analyse the data with the aim of comparing consistent parameters (such as fire flows). The second objective will compare results obtained from the first objective with the SANS 10090, The Red Book and available international Standards and Guidelines for firefighting. Based on the results from the second objective, this study will conclude on the appropriateness of the minimum fire flows in the SANS 10090 and The Red Book to current firefighting efforts.
Water distribution network disruptive events. Generation and exploration of an incident hub to increase the network preparedness
Authors: Ayala-Cabrera David , Francés-Chust Jorge , Hoseini-Ghafari Sotudeh , Stanton Gemma , Izquierdo Joaquín
Published: March 2024

This paper seeks to develop increased knowledge about disruptive events in a water distribution network (WDN) through the experience acquired by previous anomalous events in the system. This work explores the various relationships between several parameters in an incident hub (specifically water loss events) in a Spanish real, small WDN. The incident hub consists of basic elements recorded during an incident (e.g. breakdown, maintenance activity, among others) and the corresponding causes that generated the incident (e.g. breakage due to excess pressure, breakage due to tree roots, etc.), as well as the management times of the incident (e.g. awareness time, isolation, and repair time). The utility collected and stored these data, which were completed with direct interviews with the system operator. Measurements were performed at pressure and flow sensors, which allowed evaluating the effects of both the incident itself and the actions taken to solve it. The records of the incidents are categorised depending on the nature of the data they contain to facilitate mapping their causes and effects. To characterise the disruptive events, a feature extraction process has been proposed using a temporal-spatial approach combined with a migration proposed that describes parameters’ behaviour in the spatial dimension for a certain period of time. The characteristics obtained in the previous lessons of the incidents contained in the incident hub are compared with potential causes obtained with different control parameters. The objective is to determine the potential causal relationship of the incident that allows its characterisation. The results of this characterisation are presented and analysed in this contribution. The outcomes are promising in the sense of a clear ability to provide WDNs with key parameters that foster prediction and classification processes.
Não acho que devamos “combater” editores predatórios: uma entrevista com Jeffrey Beall
Authors: Zaccaron Rafael , Behnck Vítor Pluceno , Beall Jeffrey
Published: March 2024

A Lista de Beall foi desativada em janeiro de 2017. Ela indicava potenciais editoras predatórias, que publicavam artigos de acesso aberto, não revisados por pares, visando o lucro. Isso leva a uma poluição do corpo de textos científicos por conta de informações pseudocientíficas não revisadas, o que é danoso para a ciência como um todo. Nesta entrevista, Beall discute alguns aspectos e impactos da publicação predatória, bem como o dilema da pesquisa de acesso aberto e o que diferentes entidades podem fazer para diminuir a influência das revistas predatórias.
Skived Fin-Verfahren für Kühlkörper aus einem Block: Leistungselektronik effizient entwärmen
Authors:   Wilfried Schmitz
Published: March 2024

Stetig steigen die Leistungsanforderungen an moderne Hochleistungselektroniken – und damit auch die Anforderungen an die Kühlung. Umeine hohe spezifische Leistungsdichte bei Kühlkörpern zu gewährleisten,kann das Skived Fin­Verfahren eingesetzt werden. Durch eine neueSchälmaschine können mit diesem Verfahren nun große Kühlkörper mitnoch feineren und höheren Kühlrippen hergestellt werden
3 D-Bildverarbeitungssystem optimiert die Fertigungslandschaft: Präzise auf den Punkt gebracht
Authors:   Silke von Gemmingen
Published: March 2024

Eine vollständig KI-basierte Lösung für Robotik-Anwendungen sorgt für mehr E zienz inder Fertigung. Das System besteht unter anderem aus intelligenter Software sowie einemKameramodul, das mit je zwei Kameras ausgestattet ist. Diese nehmen ein Bild desBereichs mit den zu handhabenden Objekten auf, anhand dessen die Software die Szeneanalysieren und vorhersagen kann, wo sich Objekte und deren Pick-Punkte be nden
Obesity and Acanthosis Nigricans as the Clinical Markers of Insulin Resistance and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in Young Patients; A Case Report of Two Cases
Authors: Ahmed Moeez , Wajid Ali
Published: March 2024

Two young girls, aged 11 and 12 years, presented with obesity and Acanthosis Nigricans. They were found to have severe insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase and anti-islet cell antibodies were negative. Tests for hypothyroidism and Cushing’s syndrome were negative. They were managed with lifestyle modification and metformin.
Surgical Strategies in Placenta Accreta Spectrum; A Quasi-experimental study
Authors: Saleem Uzma , Arif Nadia , Ahmed Raja Qaseem
Published: March 2024

Objective: To evaluate maternal outcome in placenta accrete spectrum with bilateral internal iliac artery ligation before and after obstetric hysterectomy.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Combined Military Hospital, Kharian Pakistan, from Oct 2022 to Sep 2023.
Methodology: Seventy patients enrolled in the study underwent peripartum hysterectomy. Bilateral Internal Iliac Ligation was performed before obstetrical hysterectomy in 40 patients of Group -1, whereas it was done after hysterectomy in 37 patients of Group-2. In all cases, the baby was delivered via classical caesarean section, with the placenta left in situ, followed by the closure of the uterine incision. The number of blood transfusions, Intensive care unit stay, post-operative haemoglobin level, post- operative recovery events, and duration of hospital stay, along with demographic details, were noted.
Results: Out of 77 patients, the mean age of patients was 28.79±3.05. Most patients (n=36, 46.8%) had the previous three scars. Fifty-four cases (70.1%) had bladder injury involving mucosa. 22(28.6%) females had post- operative haemoglobin ≤7g/dl. Our study revealed statistically significant differences in the type of bladder injury (p=0.024) and post- operative severe anaemia, i.e. Hb≤7g/dl (p=0.006) among the two groups.
Conclusion: Bilateral internal iliac artery ligation prior to obstetrical hysterectomy leads to a reduction in post-operative severe anaemia and mucosal involvement in bladder injury.
PROF MUHAMMAD NISAR KHAN (1930-2023)
Authors: Mahmud Ahmad Akhtar
Published: March 2024

Prof Muhammad Nisar Khan was born in 1930 at Mardan NWFP (now KPK) his father passed away when he was four year old was nutured by his grandfather.He obtained the MBBS Degree from King Edward Medical College Lahore (now university) joined the Army Medical Corps in 1955. In 1959, he had training in surgery under the Legendary Surgeon Shaukat Hassan Malik at AFM Armed Forces Medical College Rawalpindi (now AFPGMI) Rawalpindi.Becomes graded specialist in surgery.
Impact of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause on Wellbeing, Functioning and Quality Of Life in Postmenopausal Women: A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Batool Asma , Amin Nabila , Yazdani Tehreem , Zaheer Fareeha
Published: March 2024

Objective: To assess the impact of genitourinary syndrome of menopause on well-being, functioning and quality of life (QoL) in postmenopausal women.
Study Design: Cross-sectional survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, RawalpindiPakistan, from Sep 2019 to Mar 2020.
Methodology: The study participants aged 30-60 years old, had last menstrual period about one year ago. The day-to-day impact of vaginal ageing’’ (DIVA) questionnaire was filled by the study participants who had one vaginal symptom regardless of its intensity and who was postmenopausal to assess its impact on well-being and quality of life. The comparisons of the mean score of every domain of the day-to-day impact of the vaginal ageing questionnaire were performed for the women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause and without genitourinary syndrome of menopause.
Results: A total of 410 postmenopausal women were included in the study. A total of 302(75.3%) women reported with vaginal symptoms and genitourinary syndrome of menopause, while 99(24.68%) with no diagnosis of genitourinary syndrome of menopause. The score was significantly high (p˂0.001) in the women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause as compared to the women without genitourinary syndrome of menopause. The highest value was reported for the long in the genitourinary syndrome of the menopause Group and the lowest for the daily life activities of both groups.
Conclusion: The quality of life of postmenopausal women, their well-being and functioning are impacted by the vaginal symptoms, specifically the....
Opinions and Attitudes of Dental Practitioners towards Intracanal Separation of Endodontic Instruments
Authors: Gondal Sahibzadi Moaizza Fatima , Imran Komal , Zahra Syeda Fatima , Yousaf Ajmal , Mehmood Faisal , Rasheed Dil
Published: March 2024

Objective: To investigate the opinions and attitudes of dental practitioners towards intracanal separation of endodontic instruments and to create awareness regarding the management of separated instruments
Study Design: Cross-sectional survey
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Operative Dentistry Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar to Apr 2021.
Methodology: An online questionnaire was circulated among 374 dentists of private and public hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The questionnaire consisted of close-ended questions related to demographic details, dentists' awareness of instrument separation, the frequency of separated instruments, the causes of separation, the management of separated instruments, and the retrieval strategies if used.
Results: Out of 374 study participants, 307(82.1%) of the participants thought that operator-related factors such as improper or overuse of the instrument were considered the most common factors for instrument separation during root canal procedures. 205(54.8%) thought unwinding, defective flutes and shiny areas were the most common factors affecting instrument separation. 241(64.4%) of the instruments are separated during cleaning and shaping. 135(36.1%) K files and 119(31.8%) H files were separated in this survey.
Conclusion: Most dentists of Rawalpindi and Islamabad face the problem of endodontic instrument separation during rootcanal preparation.
Validity of Mentzer Index in Predicting Iron Deficiency Anaemia
Authors: Zulqarnain Hafiz , Nadeem Muhammad Tariq , Shahid Husnain , Mujtaba Ali , Ikram Farooq , Arshad Zain
Published: March 2024

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the Mentzer index as a screening tool for iron deficiency anaemia, using an iron profile as the gold standard in patients presenting with hypochromic microcytic anaemia.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatrics, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Dec 2021 to May 2022.
Methodology: Data was collected from 163 patients with hypochromic microcytic anaemia. Red cell indices were noted for each patient and recorded on a defined proforma.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 8.23±3.57 years. 85(52.1%) patients were males and 78(47.9%) were females. Moreover, out of 163 patients, the specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of the Mentzer index for the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia were 90.1%, 90.1%, 84.6%, 93.8%, and 90.8%, respectively.
Conclusion: The cell-count-based indices, especially the Mentzer index, are reliable and available methods for diagnosing iron deficiency anaemia. They have an accurate discrimination ability.
A Quality Improvement Initiative To Reduce Invasive Candidiasis In Extremely Low Birth Weight Neonates
Authors: Saleem Syed Muzaffar , Jiwani Uswa , Hussain Ali Shabbir , Kumar Manoj , Kumar Radhika Suresh , Ariff Shabina
Published: March 2024

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a quality improvement (QI) initiative, which included a Fluconazole prophylaxis protocol and provider education on neonatal Candidiasis.
Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study.
Place and Duration of Study: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Aga Khan University, Karachi Pakistan, from Apr 2015 to Dec 2019.
Methodology: All extremely low birth weight neonates (ELBW) neonates admitted to the NICU between April 2015 and March 2017 were included in the pre-implementation phase. All ELBW neonates admitted between April 2017 and December 2019 were included in the post-implementation phase. Data were collected from medical records. The primary outcome was the frequency of Invasive Candidiasis (IC) before and after the QI initiative.
Results: Altogether, 272 neonates were included in the study, with 115 neonates in the Pre-Implementation Group and 157 neonates in the Post-Implementation Group. The frequency of IC was 6(5.2%) in the pre-implementation and 1(0.6%) in the post-implementation period, (p=0.044). Candida parapsilosis 2(40%) and Candida glabrata 2(40%) were the organisms most commonly isolated from blood cultures. All organisms were sensitive to Fluconazole in both the pre-and post-implementation cohorts. There was no difference in mortality (54(50.5%) vs. 69(44.2%), p=0.32) or length of stay (19.6±13.3 vs. 23.4±18.4 days,p=0.061) before and after Fluconazole prophylaxis.
Conclusion: The frequency of invasive Candidiasis in ELBW neonates was successfully reduced by introducing a Fluconazole prophylaxis protocol in the NICU as a QI initiative. A team-based approach and provider education ensured high compliance.
Comparison Between Conservative and Operative Management of Diabetic Foot Having Bone Involvement
Authors: Qayyum Hammad , Imran Ashraf  , Waqas Farooq Ali  , Muhammad Shahzad  , Sultan Ahmed Minhas  , Abdul Rehman Rashid
Published: March 2024

Objective: To compare the efficacy of conservative and operative management of diabetic foot having bone involvement.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of study: Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from May to Dec 2022.
Methodology: The study included all the patients with neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers worsened by bone involvement/osteomyelitis. All the included patients were divided randomly into two equal groups, A and B (Conservative and Operative Management Groups, respectively). They were followed up for the study period to assess the healing of the wound. All the participants of the study were given antibiotics. Outcome measures were the proportion of patients achieving primary wound healing, hospitalization time, and wound healing time.
Results: In our study, we included 302 patients, amongst which 206(68.20%) were male subjects and 96(31.80%) were female subjects. The mean age was 33.89±7.57 years. The proportion of patients achieving primary wound healing in the Conservative Management-Group was 121(80.13%), and in the Operative Management-Group, it was 132(87.42%) (p=0.086). However, the difference between the duration of hospitalization and the time of wound healing was statistically insignificant (p-values of 0.199 and 0.538, respectively).
Conclusion: Conservative management with antibiotics alone may be a good alternative to operative management, avoiding surgical complications and costs.
Assessing the Dependence of Feeding Gastrostomy Tube in Patients of Head and Neck Carcinomas
Authors: Sheikh Rabeeta , Nadeem Muhammad Sohaib , Nadia Khaleeq  , Muhammad Fawad Ul Qamar  , Irfan Haider
Published: March 2024

Objective: To investigate the dependency on feeding gastrostomy tubes in patients with head and neck cancers treated with radiotherapy alone or concurrent chemo-radiotherapy.
Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi and Shaukat Khanum Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan, from Jan and Jul 2022.
Methodology: A total of 115 patients with head and neck cancers having no baseline dysphagia and having gastrostomy tubes were included. All had received an equivalent of 60 greys in 30 fractions or more of radiotherapy. Their swallowing was evaluated weekly during radiotherapy and then every 4–6 weeks on post-treatment follow-up. The total time duration of patient dependency on feeding gastrostomy tube after treatment completion was noted for each head and neck cancer subsite.Results: Of a total of 115 patients, 49(43%) of the patients had nasopharyngeal cancers, 22(19%) had laryngeal, 29(24%) oral cavity, 7(6%) hypopharyngeal and 9(8%) had cervical esophageal cancers. Proportion retaining gastrostomy tube for more than six months of treatment was 8.7% (median duration of retention was five months) with hypopharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, oral cavity, and laryngeal cancer were 14%, 9%, 9% and 5%, respectively.
Conclusion: The proportion of patients with head and neck cancers requiring more than six months of a gastrostomy tube is 5-14%. Baseline assessment of swallowing and nutrition and prophylactic feeding gastrostomy can avoid treatment interruptions. Longer duration of retention of a gastrostomy tube is associated with poor quality of life in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiation or concurrent chemo-radiation.
Elite Threats and Punitive Violence in Autocratic Regimes:
Authors: Matthews Austin S.
Published: March 2024

Which autocratic elites are more likely to be punished after being removed from office? Purges are an important tool of autocratic survival, helping dictators to eliminate potential rivals. However, expulsion is not always the end for victims, as some also suffer detention or execution.
Although we have compelling theories on why certain elites are purged, we still lack strong understanding of why punishments may differ. Using individual-level data on autocratic elites from communist Eastern Europe between 1917‐1991, I find evidence that military and internal security elites
are more likely to be detained than civilians, owing to the higher coup risk they pose. Internal security elites are also more likely to be executed than other elites, due to long-term threats of their professional knowledge.
Interpretación de transmisión de vivienda habitual por divorciados que no viven en ella
Authors: Banacloche Palao Carmen
Published: March 2024

La Consulta de la Dirección General de Tributos V2588/2023, de 27 de septiembre, relativa a la exención por transmisión de vivienda habitual por un mayor de 65 años, modifica su criterio sobre la interpretación del concepto «vivienda habitual» para las personas divorciadas que se ven obligadas por decisión judicial a abandonar el domicilio habitual, a la luz de la Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo 553/2023, de 5 de mayo, estableciendo la siguiente doctrina:
«A efectos de lo dispuesto en el artículo 41.bis 3 del Reglamento del IRPF, en los supuestos de separación, divorcio o nulidad del matrimonio que determinen para uno de los cónyuges el cese de la residencia en la que había sido la vivienda habitual del matrimonio, se entenderá que este está transmitiendo la vivienda habitual cuando, para el cónyuge que permaneció en la misma, constituya su vivienda habitual en ese momento, o hubiera tenido tal consideración hasta cualquier día de los dos años anteriores a la fecha de transmisión».
Estado, redes técnicas e Políticas Públicas – aproximação e reflexões analíticas
Authors: Rocha André Santos , Lopes Artur Sergio , Oliveira Floriano Godinho
Published: March 2024

Na medida em que as transformações técnicas avançam em diferentes porções do território, os processos de reestruturação espacial ganham novos contornos políticos. Esse movimento suscita dos estudos econômico-espaciais uma renovada e necessária compreensão do modo como os sistemas de ações articulam escalas de forças envolvendo Estado, grupos corporativos e um intrincado (e conflituoso) processo de luta popular frente às imposições hegemônicas. Na atualidade, esses fatores demandam da ciência novos parâmetros analíticos para compreensão das múltiplas determinações econômicas e sociais de diferentes redes técnicas. Neste sentido, reflexões e discussão sobre transportes, logística, redes portuárias, redes de energia e de telecomunicações, redes de água e de esgotamento sanitário se tornam fundamentais para compreensão das mutações recentes e nossa sociedade, bem para subsidiar as políticas públicas que possam favorecer a sociedade de forma geral. Assim, o presente texto surge como apresentação do “Dossiê Estado, redes técnicas e Políticas públicas” além de levantar reflexões analíticas que atravessam as infinitas possibilidades de estudos nestas temáticas.
Expediente da Edição ano 11, n.23, jul-dez de 2023
Authors: Editorial Equipe
Published: March 2024

expediente da edição
Sumário/ Summary /Sumario
Authors: Editorial Equipe
Published: March 2024

Sumário do n23, jul-dez, 2023
VALIDITAS E-MODUL BERBASIS ESD TOPIK PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH RUMAH TANGGA UNTUK SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Susanti Yunita , Hamdu Ghullam , Putri Agnestasia Ramadhani
Published: March 2024

Dalam pembelajaran, diperlukan sebuah wadah berupa bahan ajar atau alat bantu ajar yang dapat memudahkan pendidik dalam menyampaikan materi di abad 21 yang menggunakan teknologi sebagai penunjang pembelajaran. Bahan pembelajaran harus berisi tidak hanya teks, tetapi juga elemen yang mampu menarik perhatian istilah-istilah penting dan terus memotivasi peserta didik dengan tetap berorientasi terhadap kompetensi yang ingin dicapai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar berupa modul elektronik yang telah dikategorikan layak untuk diujicobakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan DBR atau Design Based Research. Namun, pada penelitian ini tidak melakukan uji coba pada peserta didik dikarenakan keterbatasan waktu, tenaga, dan   sumber   daya. Oleh karena itu   pada tahap   uji coba dan refleksi tidak dilaksanakan.  Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan studi literatur. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner berbentuk rating scale yang diujikan kepada ahli media dan ahli materi menggunakan skala likert. Hasil perolehan penilaian pada validasi ahli media mendapatkan skor 91,6% dan ahli materi mendapatkan skor 91% dengan kategori sangat layak. Dengan kesimpulan bahwa pengembangan e-modul dinyatakan layak diujicobakan pada pembelajaran.
MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS PUISI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Agustin Noor Evita , Nuroh Ermawati Zulikhatin
Published: March 2024

Mengingat pentingnya model pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh guru, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model problem based learning (PBL) terhadap peningkatan keterampilan menulis puisi siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Jemirahan Kec. Jabon. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quiasi experiment, pengambilan sampel penelitian dilakukan dengan nonrandom. Penelitian ini melibatkan 40 siswa kelas IV yang dibagi menjadi dua kelas yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol yang masing-masing berjumlah 20 siswa. Instrumen untuk pengumpulan data adalah tes dalam bentuk pre-test dan post-test. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji t. Dari hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, maka uji Independent Sampel T-test nilai sig.(2-tailed) 0,002 < 0,005 menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan yang terjadi setelah perlakuan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran problem based learning yang dilakukan dalam menulis puisi pada kelas eksperimen. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil uji-t test Sig dan t-hitung (4,388) lebih besar dari t-tabel (2.052). Jadi, ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil keterampilan menulis puisi kelas eksperimen yang menerapkan model problem based learning dan kelas kontrol yang menerapkan model konvensional. Ini menunjukkan bahwa para siswa di SD Negeri Jemirahan Kec. Jabon Kab. Sidoarjo lebih terampil dalam mempelajari mata pelajaran bahasa indonesia dengan penggunaan model pembelajaran problem based learning. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa perlakuan yang berbeda akan mendapatkan hasil yang berbeda juga.
PERAN GURU DALAM MENGOPTIMALKAN MODEL-MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERORIENTASI PADA KETERAMPILAN ABAD 21
Authors: Rakhmawati Devi , Hendracipta Nana , Pribadi Reksa Adya , Nurhasanah Ana
Published: March 2024

Pekerjaan guru di abad 21 sangat kompleks dan berubah cepat karena kemajuan ilmu dan teknologi, perubahan demografi, globalisasi, dan lingkungan. Pendidikan abad 21 menekankan keterampilan 4C: kreativitas, berpikir kritis, komunikasi, dan kolaborasi. Guru harus menjadi pembelajar dan agen perubahan sekolah, serta mengintegrasikan teknologi dalam pembelajaran. Berkaitan dengan yang dilakukan oleh SDIT Irysadul Ibad Pandeglang dengan menghadirkan pembelajaran tersebut melalui penggunaan model-model pembelajaran yang sesuai, seperti cooperative learning, problem-based learning, project-based learning, dan discovery learning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perencanaan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model-model yang berorientasi pada keterampilan abad 21, proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model-model yang berorientasi pada keterampilan abad 21, hasil dari pelaksanaan model-model pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada keterampilan abad 21. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif metode deskriptif dimana pengumpulan datanya menggunakan data yang berupa kata-kata, dan gambar. Narasumber pada penelitian ini berjumlah 55. Terdiri dari 1 Orang Kepala Sekolah, 2 Orang Guru, dan 26 Peserta Didik Kelas Abu Ubaidillah dan 26 Peserta didik kelas Jafar. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kegiatan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model cooperative learning, problem based learning, project based learning, dan discovery learning berjalan dengan lancar sesuai dengan perencanaan yang disusun para modul ajar dan melaksanakan sintak model-model yang digunakan, hal tersebut dilakukan sebagai sarana pengembangan keterampilan 4C (kreativitas, berpikir kritis, komunikasi, dan kolaborasi) peserta didik.
Risk Factors for Leptospirosis in Rural Communities of Bungoma County, Kenya: A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Nanyende David W. , Namasaka Donald S. , Makhanu Ferdinand N. , Wakhungu Jacob W.
Published: March 2024

Leptospirosis is an important re-emerging zoonosis of worldwide public health concern. Leptospirosis is caused by a bacteria of the genus Leptospira. There was an outbreak of leptospirosis in humans in Bungoma County in 2004 with severe consequences. Leptospirosis is enzootic in cattle in Bungoma County. This study was conducted to determine the risk factors for leptospirosis in humans in Bungoma County. The risk factors considered in this study were; rainfall patterns, livestock management practices (grazing and watering system), home slaughter of livestock, consumption of un-inspected meat, rodent infestation in homes, and frequency of contact of livestock keepers with veterinary extension staff. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Kimilili and Mt Elgon sub-counties of Bungoma County, Kenya. The study was conducted between April and July of 2017. The locations were then sampled, and 400 households selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Questionnaires were administered to heads of the identified households. Descriptive statistics and the chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Secondary data from medical records in Kimilili and Webuye health facilities were taken to show the disease trends in the year 2004. The study reveals the risk factors for leptospirosis in Bungoma County which include the close association of the community and their livestock (87.9%, n=400), rodent infestation in homes (92.3%, n=400), slaughter of animals in non-designated areas (83.8%, n=400), consumption of un-inspected meat (83.0%, n=400) and low contact of the population with veterinary extension staff (63.7%, n=400). The risk factors under consideration in this study were observed in over 80% of the study population. The study recommends that knowledge of leptospirosis and its risk factors be enhanced for effective control and prevention program.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA ECLAMPSIA EM PACIENTES QUE APARECERAM NO HOSPITAL GERAL DA CELA 2021/2022
Authors: Kamalanga Herculano Calandula , Chaves Josias Justino Cambindja , Lukamba Edith Salomé Chipindo , Palanka Domingas Albino Munda , Nelson Maria de Fatima Feliciano , Palanca António Lumbombo Agostinho
Published: March 2024

No presente trabalho fez-se uma abordagem acerca dos cuidados que se devem ministrar a doentes com eclampsia. A pré-eclâmpsia é uma doença multifatorial e multissistêmica, específica da gestação, classicamente diagnosticada pela presença de hipertensão arterial associada à proteinúria, que se manifesta em gestante previamente normotensa, após a 20ª semana de gestação. A presente investigação surge como necessidade para a preparação do trabalho de fim do curso, visando a obtenção do grau de técnico médio em enfermagem geral com o regulamento em vigor no Núcleo do Instituto Técnico de Saúde da Cela; Estudar o comportamento da Eclâmpsiaem pacientes internadas com diagnóstico da Eclâmpsiano Hospital Geral da Cela de Dezembro de 2021-Abril de 2022. O tipo de estudo utilizado para confeição do trabalho foi prospectivo, descritiva, quali-quantitativa, fundamental, de controle longitudinal, sendo realizada através de pesquisas bibliográficas e  trabalho de campo para a recolha de dados com uma amostra de 30 gestantes; Os métodos utilizados foram, Métodos matemáticos, teóricos e empíricos; O perfil clínico epidemiológico foi caracterizado por mulheres jovens dos 14 à 30 anos de idade, de menor renda, e na sua maioria estudantes e que ignoram as consultas pré-natais.
PENGARUH BEBAN KERJA DAN STRES KERJA TERHADAP TURNOVER INTENTION MELALUI PAY GRADE PADA KARYAWAN DI INDUSTRI KECIL SIDOARJO
Authors: Yulianita Putri Egalita Dian , Pujianto Wahyu Eko
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine the Effect of Workload and Work Stress on Turnover intention through Pay grade in Sidoarjo small industry employees. The data collection technique uses saturated samples by distributing questionnaires with a sample of 99 respondents. The data analysis method used is descriptive quantitative analysis with a research design using partial least squares (PLS) using the SmartPLS Version 3.0 software program. The results obtained in this study stated that 4 of the 5 formulated hypotheses were accepted and 1 hypothesis was rejected. It is proven that one of the hypotheses has a t statistic value of 0.724 <1.96 with a P value of 0.353. this indicates that workload has a negative and insignificant effect on turnover intention through pay grade. While workload, work stress, pay grade have a positive and significant effect on turnover intention. Furthermore, in the results of the mediation test, the results of Workload -> Pay grade -> Turnover intention have a P Value of 0.734 which means it is not significant because the P Value > 0.05 and the T statistic value < 1.96 so it can be said that pay grade does not mediate workload on turnover intention. While Work Stress-> Pay grade-> Turnover intention has a P Value of 0.000 which indicates that this variable has a significant effect and has a statistical T value <1.96 so that it can be said that Pay grade mediates Job Stress Against Turnover intention.
Model Pengukuran Working Out Loud (WOL) Terhadap Adopsi Enterprise Social Networks (ESNs)
Authors: Sulistiyono Enggar , Kustami Endang
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine the concept of Working Out Loud (WOL) in measuring the success rate of implementing Enterprise Social Networks (ESNs) in companies. The adoption of this technology has not been widely implemented by companies in Indonesia. Implementing ESNs in companies as a tool to drive increased employee collaboration requires integration of social media and enterprise technology infrastructure. This platform does provide benefits for companies in the areas of innovation, increased productivity, and also employee engagement; but on the other hand there are several failures caused by employee factors that only focus on implementing technology without changing employee behavior patterns and also how to measure this behavior. The concept of Working Out Load (WOL) is an indicator tool that can be used to measure the success of ESNs implementation. Although the concept of WOL is still unclear, it provides many benefits. Not much research has discussed the benefits that exist in this relationship. The initial hypothesis of this study is that the two behavioral factors above exist and influence each other but are different, so measurements can be made with the developed scale. This study uses a survey distributed to employees of PT. Djarum (one of the large companies in Indonesia) which has implemented ESNs technology in the period October - November 2022. Processing exploratory analysis and data confirmation using SPSS 22 and AMOS 22 with a total of 313 respondents; which was divided randomly with 200 respondents for confirmation analysis and the rest as data for exploratory analysis. Departing from the abnormal nature and ordinal nature of the item scale used, this study uses the Spearman method (not Pearson). This aims to confirm the hypothesis so as to produce a rating scale for individuals and groups of WOL, so that researchers and practitioners can find WOL behavior in a company as a continuous process. The results of this study can be used as a reference for companies in Indonesia to develop ESN technology and measure the success rate of their operations.