bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How can we better coordinate and make use of statistical training resources? A few reflections linked to the work of the Global Network of Institutions on Statistical Training (GIST)1
Authors: Nielsen Vibeke Oestreich
Published: August 2021

Reliable and timely data and statistics are more important than ever before. Data are being used in many contexts, often without a proper understanding of what they mean. Having visible and active national statistics producers is key to help ensure that the public receives information that is reliable and can be used for informed decision making. While many official statistics producers do their best, particularly those that operate in low-resource settings have limited capacities and lack sufficient training to respond to all needs. A number of regional and international actors support statistical training, but provision is not always well coordinated or aligned with the prioritized needs of recipients. As a response to this, the Global Network of Institutions for Statistical Training (GIST) was established in 2018 with the aim to contribute to efficient, effective, and harmonized delivery of training. Since then GIST has developed various tools and guidance materials. Moving forward, the national statistical system should take a stronger lead and set their own priorities for training needs and coordinate with partners to fill gaps. The developments in technology and tools can support this change through increased use of online materials and therefore independence to use what is most relevant.
Getting the foundations right
Authors: MacGillivray Helen
Published: August 2021

There has been increasing interest in recent years in training in official statistics with reference to the 2030 Agenda, big data, diversification of data types and sources, and data science. Backgrounds for work in official statistics are becoming more varied than ever. The official statistics community has also become progressively more aware of the importance of statistical literacy in education and trust in official statistics. Hence foundation and introductory are of as much interest to official statistics as more specialised training. At the same time, greater access to data and vast technological capabilities have seen much emphasis and discussion of the statistical and data sciences and education therein, including development of educational resources in contexts such as civic data and statistics. Data science provides opportunities to renew the decades-long push for authentic learning that reflects the practice of ‘greater statistics’ and ‘greater data science’, and to examine progress to date in implementing and sustaining the extensive work and advocacy of many. This article discusses what is needed at the foundation and introductory levels to realize this advocacy, with commentary relevant to official statistics.
Computing in the statistical office
Authors: van der Loo Mark P.J.
Published: August 2021

Computing with data is at the hart of the activities statistical office. Yet, the area of technical computing often falls between the two stools of data analysts and IT developers. In this paper we analyze the importance of computational skills in the Generic Statistical Business Process Model. Next, we give an overview of computational topics that are of importance to the statistical office. Many of these skills turn out to be of highly technical nature. After this, we try to provoke a wider discussion on the role of technical computing by 1) introducing the role of the Research Software Engineer into the field of official statistics and 2) propose a six semester bachelor’s curriculum in official statistics.
Complications following T-tube & C-tube Drainage of the Common Bile Duct
Authors: Bode Rovena , Shella Klevis , Dede Hysni , Dracini Xheladin , Celiku Etmont
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to assess the complications of T-tube (Kehr) and C- tube (Cystic) drainage used for biliary drainage, following biliary surgery. 

We evaluate all possible complications, related to the tube in situ, during cholangiography and following t- tube removal retrospectively, during a 4- year period 2016-2019.

T-tubes were inserted in 48 patients, with 11 (22.8%) patients experiencing complications related to T-tube. A broad spectrum of complications was found, ranging from biliary-specific complications such as a biliary leak, biliary peritonitis, and retained stones, to systemic general complications as wound infection, pulmonary thromboembolism, and internal hemorrhage.

Although this retrospective study has underestimated the incidence of T-tube complications, it has demonstrated significant morbidity related to T-tube use, which poses the need for replacement by minimally invasive surgical techniques.
Challenges and Problems Affecting the Development Emergency Medical Services in Kosovo.
Authors: Lenjani Basri , Šišić Merima , Mišanović Verica , Ljuhar Kenan , Lenjani Dardan
Published: August 2021

Emergency medical service is organized as a separate field of health activities in order to provide uninterrupted emergency medical care for citizens who due to illness or injury have directly threatened the life, certain organs or certain parts of the body respectively cut the optimal time of occurrence of the emergency until the start of the final treatment process. Emergence clinic for 2020. Year ED over 100. 000-cases. The emergency health system doesn’t have a consolidated network and integrated emergency medical services.  Emergency health services in Europe are being challenged by changes in life dynamics, scientific advancements, which do increase the request to further improve the way of delivering emergency services. Health-system resilience can be defined as the capacity of health actors, institutions, and populations to prepare for and effectively respond to crises, to maintain core functions when a crisis hits, and—informed by lessons learned during the crisis to reorganize if conditions require it. Emergency clinic today at UCCK offers an area of 507m2, with 22 beds in the living room (1 bed per 100,000 population). Compliance with the law on emergency medical care, support, and improvement of EMS creating a special budget for EMS. EMS Independence (Decentralization). Budget, Management, accreditation, initiation of a project of systematization doctors of nurses in an integrated system. Regulation of administrative and legal infrastructure for EMS. The increase in salary (during holidays, weekends), shortening working hours for EMS, beneficial path (stress, risk, complexity, infections, first contact with the patient), the extension of annual leave. Functionalization of the Permanent National Center for Education EMS training, licensing, relicensing (medical staff) Quality control or EMS quality.
Abdominal disturbances in children with Covid-19
Authors: Dika-Haxhirexha Ferizate , Koxha Sevdije , Qatipi Ledia , Turkeshi Shqiponja , Haxhirexha Aulona
Published: August 2021

Covid-19 continues to spread at an unprecedented pace, sparing no country in the world and including almost all ages. Although at the beginning of the pandemic, it was thought that the virus did not affect children, however over time, in different countries, more and more cases of children with Covid-19 begun to appear, though rarely among them were recorded any victims. 

However, the clinical picture of infections with this virus in children was much more challenging than in adults. 

In this article, we will present the case of three children of ages 4 to 14 years, with signs of acute abdomen, respectively with acute abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and in whom acute appendicitis was suspected. In all three patients, anamnestic data showed positive family members infected with covid-19.  

All three children were sent to the surgery ward for follow-up and further treatment. 

The laboratory analyzes in all of them resulted in increased values ​​of both erythrocyte sediment and CRP, while only in one of them the values ​​of LDH and transaminases (AST, ALT) were also increased. 

Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen in two children showed the presence of a small amount of free fluid in the abdomen and mesentery thickening with several packets of enlarged lymph nodes. Radiography of the lungs did not show pulmonary lesions in any of the children. Body temperature ranged from 37.2 to 38.50C, while urine was within the normal range. 

All children were hospitalized and kept under observation for several consecutive days. At the same time, they were treated with antibiotics of the group of cephalosporins of the third generation, as well as with antipyretics (paracetamol).

As their condition improved and the abdominal pain subsided completely, they were released from the hospital with instructions to continue the rest and taking vitamins at home in the form of ready-made preparations for children.

Conclusion: While the Covid-19 pandemic is rapidly spreading and not sparing even children, pediatricians and surgeons must be very cautious in treating children with acute abdominal pain since infections with Covid-19, and not surgical diseases, might be the real cause of these concerns.
Evolución de las finanzas públicas de Cartagena, 2001 – 2018: ¿Se requiere mayor eficiencia en el recaudo?
Authors: Bonet-Morón Jaime , Reina-Aranza Yuri , Hahn-De-Castro Lucas Wilfred
Published: August 2021

Este trabajo expone un análisis descriptivo de la evolución de los ingresos, gastos y deuda pública de Cartagena entre 2001 y 2018 a la luz de la crisis gubernamental experimentada en los últimos siete años de ese período. Los resultados indican que los ingresos fiscales mantuvieron su ritmo de crecimiento a pesar de la crisis. En contraste, el ritmo al que creció el gasto público fue menor, específicamente aquel destinado a inversión. Los resultados de un ejercicio adicional de proyección en los ingresos muestran que para generar los recursos que podrían ayudar a financiar los proyectos que requiere la ciudad se necesita de una mayor recaudación efectiva frente a la potencial.
PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN PERSEPTUAL, MOTIVASI KERJA DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL (PNS) DINAS PENDIDIKAN KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO
Authors: Firdaus Muhammad Ainul , Fitriyah Anik
Published: August 2021

The objectives to be achieved in this study are to describe the perceptual ability, work motivation, work discipline on the Performance of Civil Servants (PNS) of the Bojonegoro Regency Education Office, to test and analyze perceptual abilities, work motivation and work discipline on the Performance of Civil Servants (PNS). Bojonegoro District Education Office. The population in this study were all Civil Servants (PNS) at the Bojonegoro Regency Education Office who assessed 60 people with a sample of 60 people. Total sampling technique or census sampling. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression. Based on the results of research and discussion, perceptual ability, work motivation, work discipline and the performance of the Civil Servants (PNS) of the Bojonegoro Regency Education Office are in good categories. Perceptual ability has a positive and significant effect on the Performance of Civil Servants (PNS) of the Bojonegoro Regency Education Office. Work motivation has no effect on the performance of Civil Servants (PNS) of the Bojonegoro Regency Education Office. Work discipline has a significant effect on the performance of the Civil Servants (PNS) of the Bojonegoro Regency Education Office.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN, HARGA, PROMOSI, KEAMANAN TRANSAKSI, DAN LOYALITAS PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN TIKET PESAWAT ONLINE PADA APLIKASI TRAVELOKA
Authors: Damayanti Dila , Sudarmanto Gede Elvin Febri
Published: August 2021

Based on the t test results, the quality of service has a significant effect on purchasing decisions with a significance value of 0.008 smaller than 0.05 (0.008 < 0.05), meaning the quality of service has a significant influence on the purchase decision. The price significantly affects the purchase decision with a significance value of 0.000 smaller than 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05), which means that the price has a significant influence on the purchase decision. Promotion significantly affects the purchase decision with a significance value of 0.047 smaller than 0.05 (0.047 < 0.05), meaning the promotion has a significant effect on the purchase decision. Transaction security significantly affects purchase decisions with a significance value of 0.017 less than 0.05 (0.017 < 0.05), meaning transaction security has a significant effect on the purchase decision. Company loyalty significantly affects the purchase decision with a significance value of 0.037 smaller than 0.05 (0.037 < 0.05), meaning company loyalty has a significant influence on purchasing decisions.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENERIMAAN POLISI PAMONG PRAJA (POL PP) DENGAN METODE TOPSIS (TECHNIQUE FOR ORDER OF PREFERENCE BY SIMILARITY TO IDEAL SOLUTION)
Authors: Tri susilo Andri Anto , Sunardi Lukman
Published: August 2021

Anggota Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja( Sat Pol PP) sebagai aparat Pemerintah Daerah yang diduduki oleh pegawai negeri sipil dan diberi tugas, tanggung jawab, dan wewenang sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan dalam penegakan Peraturan Daerah dan Peraturan Kepala Daerah, penyelenggaraan ketertiban umum dan ketenteraman serta pelindungan masyarakat. Dalam proses penerimaan anggota Sat Pol PP melalui mekanisme tenaga kontrak terdapat beberapa kendala yang dihadapi yaitu belum adanya sistem yang dapat digunakan untuk mengolah data calon anggota Sat Pol PP dan harus mengkalkulasi hasil penilaian calon tenaga Sat Pol PP secara manual. Metode pendukung keputusan dalam penelitian ini adalah TOPSIS (TECHNIQUE FOR ORDER OF PREFERENCE BY SIMILARITY TO IDEAL SOLUTION). Hasil dari penelitian adalah Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Seleksi Penerimaan Tenaga Kontrak Polisi Pamong Praja (Pol PP) dengan Metode TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) Di Kota Lubuklinggau
In Situ Metallography Applications in the Pipeline Industry
Authors: Amend B , Gould M , Veloo P , Oneal O , Gonzalez R , Switzner N
Published: August 2021

The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines metallography as “a study of the structure of metals, especially with the microscope.” The structure of a steel visible at high magnification can reveal information about how the steel was formed or heat-treated, the general “quality” of the steel, whether any observed discontinuities originated during manufacturing or while the component was in service, and the extent to which properties may be consistent across the wall thickness. Microstructural features such as grain size, the amount and distribution of inclusions, and the types and amounts of different microstructural phases are known to influence a material’s properties. In some cases, the observed attributes are qualitatively characterized. In other cases, manual or digital image analysis facilitates quantitative descriptions of attributes such as grain size, the percent of a selected phase, or inclusions that are present. Typically, small sections are cut from the pipe or other component and metallographic sample preparation and examination are performed in a laboratory. When destructive sampling is impractical, the specimen preparation, visual examination, and related photo documentation can be performed nondestructively in the field. That process is known as “in situ metallography” and is the subject of this paper.
A Black Lives Matter mozgalom és a közösségi rendészet
Authors: Kovács Szitkay Eszter
Published: August 2021

Az írás a „Black Lives Matter” mozgalom tavaszi fellángolását és a hozzá köthető rendészeti kérdéseket  tárgyalja. A megmozdulások általános okainak bemutatása mellett kitér az ellenmozgalmak ismertetésére – mint az „All Lives Matter” és „Blue Lives Matter” –, valamint a közösségi rendészet jelenlegi helyzetének bemutatására is az  Amerikai Egyesült Államokban. Mindez azt a célt szolgálja,  hogy rálátást nyerjünk arra az aktuális kérdésre, hogy miért is vált az állampolgárok és a rendőrség kapcsolata olyan konfliktusossá, hogy az emberek  tüntetéssorozattal  fejezik ki tiltakozásukat – többek  között – a nem megfelelő rendőri intézkedésekkel  szemben, ott, ahol egyébként a közösségi rendészet filozófiáját alkalmazzák.
COVID-19 Tanı Testleri, Tedavisindeki Aşılar ve İlaçlar; Güncel Durum
Authors: SALMANOĞLU Derya Selcen , ÇALIŞKAN Emine Esin , SOFU Meliz , UYANIKGİL Yiğit , ÇETİN UYANIKGİL Emel Öykü
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 (Koronavirüs Hastalığı 19) olarak adlandırılan SARS-CoV-2 (Şiddetli akut solunum yolu sendromu koronavirüs-2) virüsünün neden olduğu enfeksiyon başlangıçta Aralık 2019’da Çin'de tespit edilmiştir ve daha sonra dünyaya hızla yayılmıştır. 13 Ocak 2020 tarihinde Tayland Halk Sağlığı Bakanlığı Çin'in Wuhan şehrinde yaşayan 8 Ocak 2020 tarihinde Tayland’a giden 61 yaşında Çinli bir kadında ilk importe olguyu bildirmiştir. Daha sonra 11 Mart'ta Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) bu salgını küresel bir pandemi ilan etmiştir. Hastalığın yayılmasını önlemek ve pandemiyi kontrol etmek için ilaçların etkinliği araştırılmakta olup çok sayıda COVID-19 aşı adayı ve ilaç adayı geliştirilmektedir. ABD- Gıda ve İlaç İdaresi (FDA), Aralık 2020'de sırasıyla Pfizer ve Moderna tarafından geliştirilen iki mRNA aşısı için acil kullanım onayı yayınlamıştır. Şu anda geliştirilmekte olan diğer COVID-19 aşıları mRNA, DNA, viral vektör, subünite, inaktive edilmiş ve canlı zayıflatılmış aşıları kapsayan çeşitli platformlara dayanmaktadır. Bu derlemede COVID-19 tanı ve/veya tedavisinde kullanılan testler, aşılar ve ilaçların rolünü incelenmektedir.
Online Presence System Development Website-Based using Prototype Methods
Authors: Nur Faiz Muhammad , Rahadi Nur Wahyu , Adi Prasetya Nur Wachid
Published: August 2021

In the current era of the Covid-19 pandemic, almost all activities use technology, such as the lecture process. Almost all of the lecturing processes in high education are carried out online because it is to reduce the risk of contracting covid-19. The manual presences system by filling out forms or signatures is no longer effective because it has to be done offline. The online presence system is a system that is needed to find out about lectures, the discipline of teaching and students. The method used in the development of this system is Prototype. This method has the advantage of paying close attention to user needs and a faster time for software development. The results of this study are a system for online presence in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic in real-time with photo evidence. Teaching can validate and change the presence of students. In addition, the admin can easily recap the number of teaching and students presences for reporting. Teaching also finds it helpful to take the results of student presences for reporting the completeness of the assessment data and the head of the study program can see the presences summary report online. This system has been tested for functionality with an average result of 83.5% so that it can be said to be successfully built according to user needs
Interpreting in Early Modern Diplomacy: Occasional Mobility and the Liminal Spaces of Trust
Authors: Rizzi Andrea
Published: August 2021

In this article, I examine the relationship between mobility and trust in the work and life of a wide range of early modern diplomatic interpreters. I address this relationship by bringing together archival material unearthed by literary scholars and social historians: specifically, historians of diplomacy, translation, and interpreting. I seek to address these documents from the perspective of occasional dragomans who found themselves performing the often-dangerous role of intercultural mediation in exchange for money, an improved social status, or freedom.
Cestus Responds to Æthiopissa
Authors: Whalen Robert
Published: August 2021

Yale Osborn MS. b 197 includes a neglected witness, one of six, to George Herbert’s “Æthiopissa ambit Cestum Diuersi Coloris Virum,” followed by the only known copy of a twenty-two-line reply, “Cesti ad Æthiopissam Responsio.” This latter cannot be said with any certainty to be Herbert’s; it is nevertheless a fascinating rejoinder to perhaps the most un-Herbertian of his poems. This paper provides edited texts, original translations, and apparatus; a description of the manuscript; and consideration of arguments for and against attributing the new poem to Herbert.
Media hysteresis
Authors: Theophanidis Philippe , Thibault Ghislain
Published: August 2021

For media scholars, locating the old in the new helps to debunk the inflation around the “newness” of contemporary media. Several approaches have been put to work in the exploration of these multiple temporalities within media: remediation, media revival, residual media, media archeology. In this article, we explore another temporal concept—hysteresis—as a way to think through the folding of time within and across media. The first part of the article presents a theoretical overview of the concept of hysteresis, from the field of experimental sciences in the late nineteenth century to Marx, Bourdieu, Baudrillard and others in the social sciences. In the second part, we introduce the concept of “media hysteresis” and illustrate it with two examples: the design of the keypad by Bell System’s push-button phones and the QWERTY keyboard. In the third and final part, we weave the concept of media hysteresis through a discussion of some of the major changes in cinema. More specifically, we examine how the aesthetic of the analogue persists in digital media and how media hysteresis can be useful to apprehend the celluloid revival. Our main argument throughout the article is the need for a theory of asynchronous simultaneity to analyse persistence and continuity across technological changes.
The Modernization of Madrasah in the Millenial Era of KH Abdul Wahid Hasyim Perspective
Authors: Muvid Muhamad Basyrul
Published: August 2021

Madrasah as a form of identity from Islamic education serves as an educational institution that not only organizes religious-based learning but also provides the general subject matter. The purpose of this research is to try to find the ideas and buzz of KH. A Wahid Hasyim in modernizing madrassas so that they can always exist in the midst of the dynamics of the times. The research method used is the study of literature which is to collect various literature relevant to the topic being studied. The results of this study show that KH. A Wahid Hasyim has a mission vision to perform various learning methods, integrate the general religious curriculum, activate the library: improve the hobby of reading, spread the motivation of learning and encourage work, gender equality in religious education, and build the ideal management of Islamic education.
THE EFFECT OF VOCABULARY TOWARDS WRITING SKILL WITH READING SKILL AS MODERATING EFFECT
Authors: Ratnaningsih Paskalina Widiastuti , Clara Catharina
Published: August 2021

Vocabulary is one of the English components that need to be mastered for acquiring writing and reading. Writing needs various vocabularies to build different sentences. Reading needs understanding of different meaning of vocabularies based on the context in the sentence. Hence, vocabulary is important in English language learning to support writing and reading. Regarding the importance of vocabulary, writing, and reading, the aim of this research is to test the effect of vocabulary mastery towards writing ability in English. It is also to test moderating effect of reading ability in strengthening or weakening the relation. This study used moderated regression analysis (MRA). Then, this research used the test as research instrument. The instruments had been valid and also reliable. Classical assumption tests were used before the research analysis. The samples were Management students of semester four and six. Descriptive analysis towards each variable is used to know students’ ability in English. To analyze the effect of independent variables towards dependent variable, it used linear regression analysis. To analyze moderating effect, it used moderating regression analysis. From this research result, it was proved that vocabulary had positive significant effect towards writing skill. Reading skill moderated the relation of vocabulary towards writing skill. Further research can focus on experimental research of vocabulary, writing, and reading.
THE YOUNG LEARNERS’ PERCEPTION TOWARDS ENGLISH INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES USING VIRTUAL PLATFORMS
Authors: Taman Purwanti , Nasution Sukma Septian , Hastomo Tommy , Sukmawati Nur Najibah , Kusumoriny Laksmy Ady
Published: August 2021

The popularity of virtual-learning platforms as an alternative for instructional practices during the pandemic is rocketing yet students’ perceptions to the implementation are not optimally gauged especially to young learners. This study explores the students’ perception towards learning English using two popular virtual platforms during Covid-19 pandemic. This is a case study involving 30 students in their third-year study at a private primary-school primary school in Tangerang City, Banten. Interviewing and observing all students respectively were conducted to obtain the data needed. Using descriptive analysis, it was found that the students showed negative perceptions towards the online-based learning process. Not only the media but also the whole learning process was negatively impacted. This is a voice that highlights the issue of recent education is facing. Further studies are therefore suggested to delve into effective and feasible solutions to eradicate the negative perception because the best time to return to classroom-situated instructions remains arguable for no-exact time
EMOTIONAL HEALTH OF FIRST GRADE CHILDREN ATTENDING REGULAR- AND BOARDING SCHOOLS
Authors: Kazakova E. V. , Kirichataya E. V. , Sokolova L. V.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: A substantial body of research indicates that starting school is associated with increased anxiety, fears and behavioral disorders among children. However, little is known whether emotional problems in children are associated with school type. Aim: To study whether the emotional health of first-graders in a boarding school is different from that in a regular school in a Russian setting. Methods: Altogether, 48 first-graders from a regular school and 48 first graders from a boarding school in Arkhangelsk participated in a cross-sectional studyWell-being, Activity, Mood (WAM) questionnaire, Phillips school anxiety scale; René Gilles projective method were applied. In addition, "Fears in the houses"; "The Ladder technique", "Houses", "Educational motivation" techniques were used. Subjective well-being was studied using Arkhireeva's questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U-tests were applied to compare central tendencies in two independent groups. The alfa-error level was set at 5 %. Principal component analysis with varimax normalized rotation was used out to identify the most important characteristics of the emotional health of the first-graders. Results: We observed substantial and statistically significant differences in emotional health among the first-graders in different schools. Children attending the boarding school had higher levels of activity (p = 0.004), feeling well (p = 0.005), satisfaction with relationships (p = 0.019), subjective well-being (p = 0.015), learning motivation (p = 0.014). Life management (p = 0.001), attitude towards a teacher (p = 0,022), sociability (p = 0,000) were included in the risk zone in this group. Children from a regular school had higher levels of sociability (p < 0.001), life management (p = 0.001) and emotional warmth towards the teacher (p = 0.022). Areas of concern among these children were psychological tension related to being at school (p = 0.013) and doing homework (p = 0.004), social stress (p = 0.012), proneness to conflict (p = 0.018), frustration related to the need to be successful at school (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Significant differences in first-graders' emotional health by school type were observed. Our results warrant development and implementation of mental- and emotional health promotion programs among schoolchildren, which should take into account the differences between regular- and boarding schools.
Analysis of Genetic Mutations and the Clinical Manifestations of Neurofibromatosis Type 2 in Korea: A Single Institutional Experience
Authors: Kang Hyun Tag , Lee Jae Yong , Lee Yun Ji , Lee Se A , Jeon Byung Ryul , Lee Jong Dae
Published: August 2021

Background and Objectives Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized as bilateral vestibular schwannoma (VS), various brain and spinal tumors. This study is aimed to investigate the relationship between the genotypes and phenotypes of NF2 found in the Korean population.Subjects and Method We retrospectively reviewed 11 patients who were diagnosed with NF2 and observed them for more than a year. NF2 gene mutations were detected using Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). The mutations were classified into tissue mosaicism, classic, and severe genotypes according to the UK NF2 genetic severity score. Tumor load was assessed by reviewing MR images and audiological findings were analyzed.Results We identified 7 cases (63.6%) of mutations from 11 patients who were diagnosed with NF2. While three patients showed classic and four showed severe genotypes, four patients were presumed as tissue mosaicism. The patients with severe genotypes didn’t show more severe clinical manifestations in terms of tumor load and hearing. Four patients with tissue mosaicism were detected in the older age group than those with mutation. Of the five patients who had serviceable bilateral hearing at the initial diagnosis, all maintained their serviceable hearing during the follow-up.Conclusion Our results, which showed that the clinical manifestations of NF2 found in the Korean population have no correlation with the genotype findings, are not in agreement with previous studies. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to give more appropriate counsel.
STUDI KASUS PROSES INERTING TANKI MUATAN PADA KAPAL MT. GAS WALIO DALAM RANGKA PERSIAPAN DOCKING
Authors: Purnomo Teguh , Sinaga Nazarudin , Almuzani Nafi
Published: August 2021

In handling cargo, some types of ships have different ways. On gas tankers containing LPG, a special process is required in avoiding explosions in cargo tanks and avoiding the waste of cargo into the atmosphere. The process of handling the payload is the inerting porses on the payload tank. This process includes inert gas with oxygen levels of less than 8% to prevent the formation of fire triangles in the payload tank so as to avoid explosions. Inert gas is produced by an engine in the form of an Inert Gas Generator. Inert gas generators have several components, the process of which is interconnected with each other to produce inert gases. Inert gas generators require a good and correct maintenance and repair system considering the purpose of inserting inert gas into the payload tank is significant in terms of safety and security on board. Case study on board MT. Walio gas observes the activities of the inerting process that is disrupted by the waste of inert gas into the atmosphere and has a high dew point value so that inert gas does not enter the tank load. From the results of the case study intended that the components on the gas generator inert do not function properly, some analysis is done by observing the continuity of the process and written data so that it is expected that the case study has the benefit in theory and practice in handling the continuity of the inerting process.
ANALISIS GETARAN AKIBAT MASSA YANG TIDAK SEIMBANG PADA MOTOR YANG BERPUTAR
Authors: Endriatno Nanang -
Published: August 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karekteristik perpindahan, kecepatan, dan percepatan getaran akibat peningkatan masa berputar yang tidak seimbang (unbalance mass) pada balok kantilever aluminium. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan memvariasikan massa tidak seimbang pada motor penggetar. Alat dan bahan yang digunakan dalam pengukuran langsung yaitu vibration meter, motor penggetar, balok aluminium seri 6061, dan tumpuan kantilever. Vibration meter digunakan untuk mengukur jarak perpindahan getaran, intensitas getaran atau kcepatan getaran, dan perubahan laju keceparan atau percepatan. Level getaran diukur pada dengan menambahkan massa tidak seimbang pada massa yang berputar dimotor pengetar dengan variasi penambahan massa sebesar: 1.2 gr, 1.56 gr, 1.9 gr, 2.29 gr. Alat sensor getaran diletakkan diatas balok tumpuan dari motor penggetar. Hasil pengujian eksperimental getaran menunjukkan bahwa nilai perpindahan, kecepatan, dan percepatan meningkat ketika massa ditambahkan pada motor pada radius 15 mm dari poros motor. Penambahan massa tidak seimbang akan menyebabkan gaya eksitasi bertambah dan meningkatkan level getaran. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan perpindahan getaran tertinggi pada massa (m4): 2.29 gr dengan nilai 0.72 mm dan terendah pada massa (m1): 1.2 gr dengan nilai: 0.09 mm. Kecepatan getaran (v) tertinggi dengan nilai 181.55 mm/s dan minimum pada 74.05 mm/s.  Sedangkan percepatan getaran (a) tertinggi pada 175333 mm/s2 dan terendah pada 132017 mm/s2. Kata kunci: getaran, massa tidak seimbang, aluminium, kantilever, motor
Der p 1 Disrupts the Epithelial Barrier and Induces IL-6 Production in Patients With House Dust Mite Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Ogi Kazuhiro , Ramezanpour Mahnaz , Liu Sha , Ferdoush Tuli Jannatul , Bennett Catherine , Suzuki Masanobu , Fujieda Shigeharu , Psaltis Alkis James , Wormald Peter-John , Vreugde Sarah
Published: August 2021

Background:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 1/2 (Der p 1/Der p 2) are regarded as important allergens of house dust mite (HDM). However, the effect of both products on the epithelial barrier and immune response of patients with and without HDM allergic rhinitis (AR) remains unclear.

Methods: Air–liquid interface (ALI) cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) derived from control subjects (non-AR) (n = 9) and HDM-AR patients (n = 9) were treated with Der P 1 and Der P 2, followed by testing the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), paracellular permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextrans and immunofluorescence of claudin-1 and ZO-1. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) production was evaluated by ELISA.

Results: Der p 1 reduced TEER significantly in a transient and dose-dependent manner in HNEC-ALI cultures from HDM-AR and non-AR patients, whilst the paracellular permeability was not affected. TEER was significantly reduced by Der p 1 at the 10-min time point in HDM-AR patients compared to non-AR patients (p = 0.0259). Compared to no-treatment control, in HNECs derived from HDM-AR patients, Der p 1 significantly cleaved claudin-1 after 30 min exposure (72.7 ± 9.5 % in non-AR group, 39.9 ± 7.1 % in HDM-AR group, p = 0.0286) and induced IL-6 secretion (p = 0.0271).

Conclusions: Our results suggest that patients with HDM-AR are more sensitive to Der p 1 than non-AR patients with increased effects of Der p1 on the mucosal barrier and induction of inflammation, indicating an important role for Der p1 in sensitization and HDM-AR development.
Mixed Acid Fermentation of Carbohydrate-Rich Dairy Manure Hydrolysate
Authors: Ingle Abel T. , Fortney Nathaniel W. , Walters Kevin A. , Donohue Timothy J. , Noguera Daniel R.
Published: August 2021

Dairy manure (DM) is an abundant agricultural residue that is largely composed of lignocellulosic biomass. The aim of this study was to investigate if carbon derived from DM fibers can be recovered as medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), which are mixed culture fermentation products of economic interest. DM fibers were subjected to combinations of physical, enzymatic, chemical, and thermochemical pretreatments to evaluate the possibility of producing carbohydrate-rich hydrolysates suitable for microbial fermentation by mixed cultures. Among the pretreatments tested, decrystalization dilute acid pretreatment (DCDA) produced the highest concentrations of glucose and xylose, and was selected for further experiments. Bioreactors fed DCDA hydrolysate were operated. Acetic acid and butyric acid comprised the majority of end products during operation of the bioreactors. MCFAs were transiently produced at a maximum concentration of 0.17 mg CODMCFAs/mg CODTotal. Analyses of the microbial communities in the bioreactors suggest that lactic acid bacteria, Megasphaera, and Caproiciproducens were involved in MCFA and C4 production during DCDA hydrolysate metabolism.
A Role for Frizzled and Their Post-Translational Modifications in the Mammalian Central Nervous System
Authors: Pascual-Vargas Patricia , Salinas Patricia C.
Published: August 2021

The Wnt pathway is a key signalling cascade that regulates the formation and function of neuronal circuits. The main receptors for Wnts are Frizzled (Fzd) that mediate diverse functions such as neurogenesis, axon guidance, dendritogenesis, synapse formation, and synaptic plasticity. These processes are crucial for the assembly of functional neuronal circuits required for diverse functions ranging from sensory and motor tasks to cognitive performance. Indeed, aberrant Wnt–Fzd signalling has been associated with synaptic defects during development and in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. New studies suggest that the localisation and stability of Fzd receptors play a crucial role in determining Wnt function. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Fzd are emerging as an important mechanism that regulates these Wnt receptors. However, only phosphorylation and glycosylation have been described to modulate Fzd function in the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we discuss the function of Fzd in neuronal circuit connectivity and how PTMs contribute to their function. We also discuss other PTMs, not yet described in the CNS, and how they might modulate the function of Fzd in neuronal connectivity. PTMs could modulate Fzd function by affecting Fzd localisation and stability at the plasma membrane resulting in local effects of Wnt signalling, a feature particularly important in polarised cells such as neurons. Our review highlights the importance of further studies into the role of PTMs on Fzd receptors in the context of neuronal connectivity.
Non-codon Optimized PiggyBac Transposase Induces Developmental Brain Aberrations: A Call for in vivo Analysis
Authors: Vierl Franziska , Kaur Manpreet , Götz Magdalena
Published: August 2021

In this perspective article, we briefly review tools for stable gain-of-function expression to explore key fate determinants in embryonic brain development. As the piggyBac transposon system has the highest insert size, a seamless integration of the transposed sequence into the host genome, and can be delivered by transfection avoiding viral vectors causing an immune response, we explored its use in the murine developing forebrain. The original piggyBac transposase PBase or the mouse codon-optimized version mPB and the construct to insert, contained in the piggyBac transposon, were introduced by in utero electroporation at embryonic day 13 into radial glia, the neural stem cells, in the developing dorsal telencephalon, and analyzed 3 or 5 days later. When using PBase, we observed an increase in basal progenitor cells, often accompanied by folding aberrations. These effects were considerably ameliorated when using the piggyBac plasmid together with mPB. While size and strength of the electroporated region was not correlated to the aberrations, integration was essential and the positive correlation to the insert size implicates the frequency of transposition as a possible mechanism. We discuss this in light of the increase in transposing endogenous viral vectors during mammalian phylogeny and their role in neurogenesis and radial glial cells. Most importantly, we aim to alert the users of this system to the phenotypes caused by non-codon optimized PBase application in vivo.
Role of Autophagy in the Maintenance of Stemness in Adult Stem Cells: A Disease-Relevant Mechanism of Action
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Wang Wenqi , Tan Hor-Yue , Lu Yuanjun , Li Zhiping , Qu Yidi , Wang Ning , Wang Di
Published: August 2021

Autophagy is an intracellular scavenging mechanism induced to eliminate damaged, denatured, or senescent macromolecular substances and organelles in the body. The regulation of autophagy plays essential roles in the processes of cellular homeostasis and senescence. Dysregulated autophagy is a common feature of several human diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. The initiation and development of these disorders have been shown to be associated with the maintenance of disease-specific stem cell compartments. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role of autophagy in the maintenance of stemness. Specifically, we focus on the intersection between autophagy and adult stem cells in the initiation and progression of specific diseases. Accordingly, this review highlights the role of autophagy in stemness maintenance from the perspective of disease-associated mechanisms, which may be fundamental to our understanding of the pathogeneses of human diseases and the development of effective therapies.
Cell Interplay in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Li Zihao , Huang Ziyu , Bai Lunhao
Published: August 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease and a significant health concern that needs to be urgently solved. OA affects the cartilage and entire joint tissues, including the subchondral bone, synovium, and infrapatellar fat pads. The physiological and pathological changes in these tissues affect the occurrence and development of OA. Understanding complex crosstalk among different joint tissues and their roles in OA initiation and progression is critical in elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of OA. In this review, we begin with an overview of the role of chondrocytes, synovial cells (synovial fibroblasts and macrophages), mast cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, various stem cells, and engineered cells (induced pluripotent stem cells) in OA pathogenesis. Then, we discuss the various mechanisms by which these cells communicate, including paracrine signaling, local microenvironment, co-culture, extracellular vesicles (exosomes), and cell tissue engineering. We particularly focus on the therapeutic potential and clinical applications of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, which serve as modulators of cell-to-cell communication, in the field of regenerative medicine, such as cartilage repair. Finally, the challenges and limitations related to exosome-based treatment for OA are discussed. This article provides a comprehensive summary of key cells that might be targets of future therapies for OA.
Different Heterotrimeric G Protein Dynamics for Wide-Range Chemotaxis in Eukaryotic Cells
Authors: Kamimura Yoichiro , Ueda Masahiro
Published: August 2021

Chemotaxis describes directional motility along ambient chemical gradients and has important roles in human physiology and pathology. Typical chemotactic cells, such as neutrophils and Dictyostelium cells, can detect spatial differences in chemical gradients over a background concentration of a 105 scale. Studies of Dictyostelium cells have elucidated the molecular mechanisms of gradient sensing involving G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. GPCR transduces spatial information through its cognate heterotrimeric G protein as a guanine nucleotide change factor (GEF). More recently, studies have revealed unconventional regulation of heterotrimeric G protein in the gradient sensing. In this review, we explain how multiple mechanisms of GPCR signaling ensure the broad range sensing of chemical gradients in Dictyostelium cells as a model for eukaryotic chemotaxis.
A Novel Biomimetic Nanoprobe as a Photoacoustic Contrast Agent
Authors: Huang Xin , Shen Ao , Peng Rui , Chen Sheng , Lin Shitao , Ding Shangwei , Li Huan , Zhou Dazhi
Published: August 2021

Specific detection of tumors is of pivotal importance to cancer prevention and therapy yet a big challenge. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) as an emerging non-invasive modality has shown great potential in biomedical and clinical applications. The performance of PAI largely depends on the light-absorption coefficient of the imaged tissue and the PAI contrast agent being used, either endogenously or exogenously. The exogenous contrast agents developed so far have greatly helped to improve PAI, but still have some limitations, such as lack of targeting capacity and easy clearance by the host immune system. Herein, we fabricated a biomimetic nanoprobe with cell membrane coating as a novel PAI contrast agent, namely, MPD [membrane-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/dye]. In brief, the organic dye 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide (DiR) was encapsulated by the Food and Drug Administration–approved polymer, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), to form polymer nanoparticles by emulsification. The nanoparticles are further coated with the cancer cell membrane to form MPD. MPD has outstanding biocompatibility, tumor specificity, and in vivo stability. Thus, MPD is a versatile NIR-I theranostic nanoplatform for PAI-guided cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Dynamicity in Host Metabolic Adaptation Is Influenced by the Synergistic Effect of Eugenol Oleate and Amphotericin B During Leishmania donovani Infection In Vitro
Authors: Kar Amrita , Jayaraman Adithyan , Kumar Avanthika , Kar Mahapatra Santanu
Published: August 2021

Immune metabolic adaptation in macrophages by intracellular parasites is recognized to play a crucial role during Leishmania infection. However, there is little accessible information about changes in a metabolic switch in L. donovani infected macrophages. In previous studies, we have reported on the anti-leishmanial synergic effect of eugenol oleate with amphotericin B. In the present study, we demonstrated that glycolytic enzymes were highly expressed in infected macrophages during combinatorial treatment of eugenol oleate (2.5 µM) and amphotericin B (0.3125 µM). Additionally, we found that the biphasic role in arachidonic acid metabolite, PGE2, and LTB4, is released during this treatment. In vitro data showed that COX-2 mediated PGE2 synthesis increased significantly (p<0.01) in infected macrophages. Not only was the level of prostaglandin synthesis decreased 4.38 fold in infected macrophages after treatment with eugenol oleate with amphotericin B. The mRNA expression of PTGES, MPGES, and PTGER4 were also moderately expressed in infected macrophages, and found to be decreased in combinatorial treatment. In addition, NOS2 expression was activated by the phosphorylation of p38MAPK when combination-treated macrophages were promoted to kill intracellular parasites. The findings of the present study indicate that the synergism between eugenol oleate and amphotericin B could play an important role in immune metabolism adaptation with a concomitant increase in host immune response against the intracellular pathogen, L. donovani.