bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progressive Failure Analysis of Tianshansi Slope
Authors: Yingfa LU , Lei ZHU , Jing Qing , Wansong HUANG
Published: November 2020

The physical significance of the traditional slice block method analysis of a slope is presented in this paper. The strength-softening characteristics of the geomaterial are characterized by the strength reduction coefficient of the post-failure zone of the stress–strain curve of the complete process. In the study, the transfer coefficient method (TCM) hypothesis was generalized, and the partial strength reduction method (PSRM) and perfect elastoplastic model (PEPM) were employed. The progressive failure process of a slope was simulated by the proposed generalized slice block method; a critical-stress-state determination method was proposed. The safety factor of the extended slice block method was found to be closely related to deformation of the slope, and the characteristics of the critical stress state movement were revealed by the proposed generalized sequential slice block method. The unbalanced thrust and driving sliding force gradually increase and the frictional resistance gradually decreases during deformation failure. When the last slice block is in the critical stress state, complete slope failure occurs. Taking the Tieshansi slope of Huangshi City as an example, the evolution characteristics of the physical and mechanical variables during progressive failure of the slope were revealed by the proposed generalized TCM using PSRM- and PEPM-based numerical simulations. The results show that the proposed method can describe the progressive failure process of the Tieshansi slope. The emphasis of this research is on extending the traditional strength reduction slice block method so that the results are closely related to the slope deformation.
Study on dynamic response characteristics of high and steep layered rock mass slopes using a modal analysis method
Authors: Song D Q , Huang J , Liu X L , Wang E Z , Zhang J M
Published: November 2020

The common geological bodies found in southwest China are layered mass slopes. The modal analysis method is performed on four finite element numerical models of rock slopes, including the homogeneous slope, horizontally layered slope, bedding slope, and toppling slope to investigate the dynamic deformation characteristics of the layered slopes. Their dynamic deformation characteristics are systematically studied according to the modal characteristics of slopes. By using modal analysis, the numerical results show that a series of natural frequencies and vibration modes of the slopes can be obtained. The type of structural planes affects the natural frequency of the slopes. The values of the natural frequency of the slopes are as follows: homogeneous slope > toppling slope > horizontally layered slope > bedding slope. Weak structural planes also have an amplification effect on the dynamic deformation of the slopes according to the analyses of the relative displacement (U) of the first vibration modes of the slopes. The natural frequency has a significant impact on the dynamic deformation characteristics of the slopes. Low-order natural frequency mainly induces the overall deformation of the top slope and slope surface area, whereas the high-order natural frequency mainly induces the local deformation of the slope. Modal analysis can provide a new idea for further study of dynamic characteristics of rock slopes.
Direct shear experiment on salt rock incorporating loading rate effect
Authors: Wang Derong , Xue Bing , Li Zeng , Wang Yunxiao , Dong Lu , Fan Pengxian
Published: November 2020

To investigate the shear behavior of salt rock under different loading rates, direct shear testing was conducted on high-purity salt rock obtained from Pakistan using a YZW-100 apparatus. The experimental results of the shear stress, deformation, and failure characteristics of the salt rock showed that the loading rate is an essential factor influencing the shear strength parameters of the rock. When the shear loading rate was increased, the cohesion of the salt rock significantly increased; however, the internal friction angle slightly decreased, nearly remaining unchanged. The shear failure mode of the salt rock manifested by shear stress-displacement curves tended to be ductile failure with increased normal force. The residual stress of the salt rock was large, indicating its high friction-bearing capacity. The dilatancy deformation was also subjected to shear loading. The fracture section of the salt rock exhibited visible local scratch marks. These experimental results are helpful for further understanding the failure mechanism of salt rock and the stability of underground gas storage under different gas injection and production scenarios.
Feasibility analysis of using salt caverns for storage of redox flow batteries
Authors: Guodong Huang , Jie Chen , Wei Liu , He Chen
Published: November 2020

Renewable energy holds significant promise of replacing the conventional energy sources. However, the wind and solar energy exhibit the obvious discontinuity, instability, and uncontrollability problems. Redox flow batteries are a novel energy technology, whose most appealing features are high efficiency, long life, and reduced environmental impact. Salt rock has low porosity and permeability, and can self-heal from damage. A salt chamber after water-dissolution is considered as an excellent geological body for energy storage. This study reviews in detail the current worldwide status of salt cavern utilization. Drawing on the salt-carven oil and gas storage technology, the feasibility of storing electrolytes in salt caverns is analyzed considering the physical characteristics of salt rock deposits, and economic and environmental factors. Two medium salt caverns in Jiangsu Province were selected and used as a case study for storage for the all-vanadium flow batteries. The working principle of salt cavern is introduced, and the efficiency of energy storage of the entire system is approximately calculated. Based on the assessment of the existing salt caverns in China, it has been found that using salt caves for electrolyte storage can solve the current problems of disposing old battery electrolyte.
Experimental Study on the Engineering Characteristics of Mixed Buffer/Backfill Materials
Authors: Lei JI , Chuan-le WANG , Yang HAN , Ye-chao YOU , Guo-dong XU , Hui GONG
Published: November 2020

Previous studies on buffer/backfill materials have been primarily focused on certain performances, and studies on the comprehensive screening of the engineering characteristics of such materials are scarce, and to ensure the safe operation of disposal repositories, new materials are needed. Therefore, to obtain the optimal mix ratio that meets the requirements for the operation of disposal repositories, and on the basis of existing literature, the thermal conductivity, impermeability, and shear resistance of buffer/backfill materials with different mix ratios were comprehensively screened to determine the effect of different components on these abovementioned properties. The results obtained showed that the addition of starch could improve the compactness of the mixed buffer/backfill materials, increase the contact area between the particles in the material, and improve their thermal conductivity, impermeability, and shear resistance to varying degrees. The peak value of the permeability of the mixed material was attained when the sand mixing ratio was 20%. Moreover, an increase in the dry density, starch content, and graphite content resulted in an increase in the internal friction angle and cohesion force of the composite materials. As the sand mixing ratio increased, the internal friction angle of the material first increased, and then decreased as the sand mixing ratio was further increased. At the peak sand mixing ratio (~20%), a decrease in the cohesion force was observed. Based on these results and on the engineering requirements for buffer/backfill materials destined for application in disposal repositories, the optimal mix ratio was selected according to the principle of “pilot heat, re-impermeability, and post-strength,” and the recommended formula for hybrid buffer/backfill materials was obtained.
Statistical Simplification and Discrete Element Analysis of Seepage Model for Complex Fracture Network of Dam Foundation Rock Mass
Authors: Wang Shi-Min , Tan Chun , Ma Dong-He , Liu Zhong-Fu , Gao Yin , Xu Xin-Chuan
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a model of seepage in a fracture network is analyzed by taking the rock mass of the dam foundation of Datengxia Hydropower Station, the No. 1 Project of the Ministry of Water Resources, as an example. Complex discontinuity systems are present in the rock mass of the Datengxia Hydropower Station dam foundation, and faults, soft interlayers, and structural fracture systems intersect with one another. A multi scalar structural analytical scheme that combines the deterministic analysis of large scale geological structures (i.e., faults and weak interlayers) with the statistical simulation of random discontinuities (i.e., structural fractures) is proposed in this paper to reduce the difficulty and uncertainty of the analysis of rock masses with complex structures. In particular, a chain analytical method from dominant group definition to statistical parameters (i.e., spacing and occurrence) is formed for the structural fracture system. In this way, the analysis of rock masses with complex structures is simplified to a regular and feasible scientific problem that could be solved by rock mass simulation. We then establish a seepage model of the rock mass in dam section 29# in UDEC by adopting the above structural simplification scheme. The quantitative analysis of seepage in complex structured rock masses under normal water storage and dynamic conditions is then realized. Results show that the statistical simplification of the rock mass structure and discrete element simulation can efficiently solve the seepage analysis of complex rock masses. The negative influence of pore pressure caused by seepage on the rock mass, especially under dynamic conditions, should be emphasized for safety assurance in the stability analysis of dam foundations.
Influence of fiber-optic cable structure, sand density, and acoustic frequency on DAS amplitude response: Preliminary results
Authors: Xie Tao , Zhang Cheng-Cheng , Chen Jia-Song , Fu Ya-Ping , Dai Liang , Yin Jun , Shi Bin
Published: November 2020

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is an emerging fiber-optic technology that can turn tens of kilometers long fiber-optic cables into dense acoustic sensor arrays. This technology is expected to bring new opportunities for geologic hazard characterization and mitigation. The cable structure and installation method are two critical factors affecting the performance of a DAS system. Here, we report laboratory tests performed in a sandbox to evaluate the acoustic response of different types of cables at variable sand densities and acoustic frequencies. Our initial results indicated that complex cable packaging structures had unfavorable impacts on the DAS amplitude response whereas the influence of sand density was dependent on cable structure and acoustic frequency. Further tests with refined measurement setup will improve the understanding of the combined effects of cable type, medium density, and acoustic frequency on DAS recordings.
Wellbore stability analysis for arbitrary inclined well in anisotropic formations
Authors: Ma Tianshou , Huang Jin , Jia Lichun , Liu Yang , Qiu Yi , Zhang Yun
Published: November 2020

Wellbore instability is a classic rock mechanics problem encountered during drilling and completing. The traditional model for wellbore stability analysis assumes that formation rocks are homogenous, continuous, and isotropic. However, most of the deep formation rocks are naturally anisotropic. Therefore, this study proposes an anisotropic wellbore stability model for an arbitrary inclined well, considering the anisotropic elastic properties, shear strength, and in-situ stress. This model was compared to the traditional model. The equivalent mud weight of collapse pressure (EMWCP) was predicted for three types of typical in-situ stress states, such as normal faulting (NF), strike-slip faulting (SSF), and reverse faulting (RF). The results show that rock anisotropy significantly influenced EMWCP compared to the traditional model. The anisotropy of in-situ stress and shear strength increase the EMWCP, whereas the anisotropy of rock elastic properties decreases the EMWCP. The optimal well path is in the ranges of the attack angle (the angle between the borehole axis and the normal of weak planes) lower than 45°. In other words, the anisotropy shear strength is harmful to keeping wellbore stability, whereas the anisotropy of rock elastic properties is conducive. Thus, the influence of anisotropic shear strength cannot be ignored for wellbore stability analysis, whereas the influence of anisotropic elasticity can be ignored. This model provides theoretical guidance for drilling mud density optimization, well trajectory optimization, and well drilling and completion safety.
Technique and Practice on Temperature Control and Crack Prevention for RCC Dam at High Altitude in Tibet
Authors: Xiang Qian , Xiong Tao
Published: November 2020

The dam in the DG Hydropower Station is currently the world’s highest roller compacted concrete gravity dam. The temperature control and crack prevention of concrete under special climatic conditions have become a key technical problem in dam construction. To avoid temperature cracks in the dam, the proportion of raw materials is determined in accordance with casting time, climatic conditions, and raw material performance parameters. Furthermore, the concrete mix ratio is optimized, and concrete with high cracking resistance, relatively low hydration heat, optimal VC value, and good rolling and bleeding properties is prepared. It effectively prevents the occurrence of temperature cracks in dams and solves the technical problem of temperature control and crack prevention for RCC dam construction in high-altitude areas.
Compaction of large buffer block for disposal of high-level radioactive waste
Authors: Shengfei Cao , Yuemiao Liu , Jingli Xie , Like Ma
Published: November 2020

The concept model of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repositories in deep geological media is based on a multi-barrier system. In accordance with this concept for the storage of spent nuclear fuel, the canister with the fuel should be surrounded by bentonite blocks. A useful technique for producing compacted blocks of bentonite is described in this work. These blocks were uniaxially compacted with a mold that yielded blocks with an outer diameter of 1200 mm, inner diameter of 600 mm, and angle of 45 degrees. A technique has been developed for manufacturing blocks from GMZ-Na bentonite using a large press machine. During these tests, blocks were compacted for studying different factors that affect the quality of the blocks. The blocks were also examined with respect to damage and cracks. The results from these tests revealed that the natural water content of the bentonite powder leads to several problems that affect the quality of the blocks. In the subsequent test, the blocks were manufactured with different compaction rates using powders with high water content. Samples (nine cylindrical samples in total) were taken from the two examined blocks, and the water content and the density were determined. The results revealed that the solid block is rather homogenous. This indicates that the technique of compacting bentonite blocks established in the present study is suitable for manufacturing buffer blocks.
Quantitative analysis of slope stability of drilling sites with complex topography in the Qiongdongnan continental slope
Authors: Sun Jin , Wang Dawei , Wu Shiguo , Ouyang Min , Liu Hailong
Published: November 2020

Due to the large slope angle and the weak strength of submarine soils, Qiongdongnan deepwater continental slopes face great instability problems. In continental slope area, evaluating the stability of the slope before drilling is important as slope instability threatens the drilling safety. Taking the Lingshui deepwater well site as an example, 2D and 3D submarine slope stability calculation models, which consider the vertical heterogeneity of soil strength, were established based on the strength reduction method and Flac3D. The vertical profile of the soil shear strength was obtained via cone penetration and geotechnical tests. The effect of returned cuttings and drilling disturbance on slope stability were analyzed, and the safety factor of the slope was calculated. In addition, the position of potential slip surfaces and the possible slip directions were analyzed. Based on this, the location of the well was determined. The results indicate that the minimum safety factor of slope, which crosses the well, is 1.32. Moreover, the risk of submarine landslide is low. One potential landslide mass exists. However, the slope near the well is stable, and the slip direction of the landslide mass does not point to the well. The returned cuttings from the borehole decrease the safety factor and increase the risk of slope instability near the well.
Discussion on Reducing the Environmental Damage Caused by Climate Change with Innovative Thinking of Financial Management
Authors: Chen Colin W.K. , Chen Yu-Ting
Published: November 2020

Due to the greenhouse effect caused by greenhouse gas emissions, the earth’s climate has changed, which has brought many types of environmental disasters. This study discusses the types of these environmental disasters and explores which financial instruments can be applied to reduce these environmental disasters. This study points out that abnormal climates, temperature rises, sea levels rise, and uneven rainfall distribution have led to intensified earth and rock flows and flood disasters, all of which are environmental disasters caused by climate change. The available financial instruments include environmental taxes, carbon trading, and catastrophe insurance. The implementation and effectiveness of these methods are also discussed in this study.
Study on the Chemical Reaction and Deposition Calculation of Mercury in the Atmosphere
Authors: Chen Colin W.K. , Chen Yu-Ting
Published: November 2020

The source-attribution of atmospheric mercury is one of the important issues for public health today. This paper discussed the assessment of chemical reaction and deposition of mercury in the atmosphere. The air quality model from the chemical reaction and atmospheric diffusion aspects simulated the mercury in the ecosystem. The deposition processes of mercury were divided into the near field and far field in the atmosphere. Two air quality models, ISTST and CAMx used for the simulation of mercury transport were introduced in this study. Details on the atmospheric diffusion and the gas-phase and aqueous-phase mercury chemistry mechanisms implemented in the model were presents in this paper. The uncertainty of simulation models such as the elemental mercury, aerosol mercury, oxidized mercury, dry deposition, and wet deposition was discussed. The results of this study will aid in the implementation of mercury transport model in the regional model.
A Comparative Study on the Development Status of Environmental Education in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia
Authors: Cao Qiang
Published: November 2020

With the rapid development of the world economy, the global environment and development problems faced by mankind have become increasingly prominent. At the expense of the environment, people have created unprecedented material wealth and promoted the rapid development of the world’s material civilization. This leads to environmental deterioration, resource consumption, and serious ecological destruction. The realization of environmentally sustainable development has become a major issue of common concern for all mankind. Environmental education is a comprehensive lifelong education with the relationship between humans and the environment as the core. According to agenda 21, “education is the decisive factor in implementing sustainable development strategies and empowering people to solve environmental and development problems. Educational behavior plays an important role in sustainable development. Its main purpose is to train people to consciously protect the environment and care for the environment by using education. Environmental protection is an important part of sustainable development, and environmental education is the decisive factor to realize environmental protection. It arouses citizens’ awareness of environmental protection, improves the quality of the whole people’s environmental protection, and finally realizes sustainable development. his paper makes a comparative study on the development status of environmental education in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. By analyzing and discussing the current problems of environmental education, this paper tries to conclude the far-reaching significance of the future development of environmental education.
Study on Environmental Issues of Community Residents around Krirk University
Authors: Quan Han-Yi , Shih Kuo-Tung , Lin Chia-Jung
Published: November 2020

Humans enjoyed rich resources, location, climate and so on. Develop our technical civilization on this azure planet. Excessive use of natural resources leads to extreme weather changes, drought, acid rain, flood, animal extinction, and other disasters. The purpose of this study was to explore the environmental education literacy of residents living near Krirk University. This study used a questionnaire, issued 120 copies on campus, 81 copies issued outside the school. The total number of questionnaires is 201. The invalid questionnaire is 26. The effective questionnaire is 175. The results of this study are as follows: The first education level is related to environmental literacy. Second, the environmental literacy of males is higher than females. Third, the national environmental literacy from high to low is China, Thailand, Myanmar. Fourth, the age of environmental literacy from high to low is 46-55 years old, 26-35 years old, above 56 years old, 36-45 years old, 19-35 years old, under 18 years old. At last, the comparison of the educational level of parents is directly proportional to environmental literacy. The study concluded that environmental literacy is highly correlated with the level of education and provides a reference for future environmental education policy development based on the research results.
Research on the Influence of Mass Communication on College Students’ Environmental Behavior from the Perspective of Media Convergence
Authors: Tong Fei , Lin Chiajung
Published: November 2020

This article studies how mass communication affects the environmental protection on the behaviors of college students. With the intensification of global warming and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather, natural environmental issues have become one of the concerns of the entire human society. Mass media has infinite and vivid characteristics. Audiences obtain environmental information through various forms of mass communication activities, generate understanding, and then transform it into practical actions including pro-environmental behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study will mainly explore whether mass communication in the age of media convergence will affect the environmental behavior of college students, and verify whether the level of education will affect the environmental behavior of college students. This study surveyed the environmental behavior of 614 college students. Independent sample t-tests were performed using SPSS statistical tools, and ANOVA was used for univariate analysis. The significance level is set to α = 0.05. The results are analyzed as follows: 1. In mass communication, there are significant differences in the pro-environmental behavior of college students in interpersonal communication. 2. In mass communication, there is no significant difference in the environmental protection behavior of college students in traditional media communication. 3. In digital media communication, there is a significant difference in the private sphere of college students’ pro-environment behavior, but there is no significant difference in the public sphere. The conclusion of this study indicates that mass communication and education have important effects on the environmental behavior of college students.
Research on the Integration of Inquiry-based Approach into the Environmental Education of Sustainable Development
Authors: Yuan Weiwei , Shih Kuo-Tung , Lin Chia-Jung
Published: November 2020

According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), environmental literacy is an expected result of environmental education. Therefore, in the field of education, it is necessary and very important to raise the level of environmental education and to raise awareness of environmental protection. Physical education is a curriculum that is practiced by people. The purpose of this research is to design a physical education curriculum based on an inquiry-based approach and integrate environmental education issues to achieve sustainable educational goals. Therefore, in the design, we must first understand the environmental issues and then understand the exploratory teaching activities of physical education. Through the three main stages and the five main elements of the teaching process, stimulate students’ critical thinking about environmental problems, and use physical activities to solve the environment. In this course, expanding the content of physical education teaching also breaks through the traditional teaching methods based on traditional sports skills, making physical education more meaningful. Finally, it is suggested that during the course implementation, students should pay attention to students ‘problem solutions and provide reflection diary after class to observe the students’ environmental literacy learning curve.
Exploring the Skill Retention of Circuit Simulation Learning from the Perspective of Sustainability
Authors: Wu Wen-Chuan , Guo Shu-Ying , Cai Ai-Ting
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is from the perspective of sustainability, from the three aspects of sustainability: environment, society, and economy, design an experimental course to compare the skill retention about three kinds of electronic circuit teaching methods in vocational school. The experimental samples are selected from the 2nd grade students of Department of Control Engineering, Taipei Municipal Nei-Hu Industrial Vocational School. They are divided into three groups for an 8-week teaching experiment. Traditional group (TRA group) uses traditional lecture and operation methods; the second group (DB group) uses Digital Breadboard simulation software to help construct electric circuit conception and actual operation; and the third group (TINA group) uses TINA Pro simulation software to carry out conception learning for electronic circuit and actual operation. The differences in the learning retentions are analyzed using statistical software SPSS 25. For the skill retentions of circuit theory learning, after three times of non-warning methods, the post-skills retention was evaluated. After the 14th day of the experimental course, TRA group and DB group were significantly better than TINA group; and on the 42nd day after the end of the experimental course, TRA group and DB group were significantly better than TINA group; and on the 28th day after the end of the experimental course, all TRA group, DB group, and TINA group were no differences in the three groups of retention. At the same time, from the perspective of sustainable education, the teaching and evaluation of this experimental course has also achieved the purpose of sustainability.
The Impact of the Greening Tax System on Sustainable Development: A Political Economy Perspective
Authors: Lin Yu-Chih , Zhang Lu
Published: November 2020

The paper examines the impact of the greening tax system on sustainable development with a political economy perspective. The influence of greening tax system, green gross domestic product (green GDP) and education on developing sustainability are reviewed. The research shows that the greening tax system has a positive influence on developing sustainability, including decreasing air pollutant, improving the quality of marine environment, decreasing the percentage of light polluted rivers, and increasing garbage recycling rate. Furthermore, the greening tax system has a positive influence on economic growth and green GDP. Nevertheless, the innovative approach of green education is suggested for future sustainable development.
The Sustainable Development of Green Human Resource Management in Jiangxi of China
Authors: Liang Xiao Qing , Tseng Cheng-Jui
Published: November 2020

Currently, people in the whole world have recognized the necessity of sustainable development, and how to practice it takes more and more attention of scholars both home and abroad. The concept of Green is addressed in every area. But Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) is not a common concept in management practices at present in Jiangxi of China. Most of the Human Resource managers in Jiangxi are not aware of this concept and those who have heard about this concept do not have much clear concern of GHRM. This paper analyses the influencing factors of GHRM in Jiangxi. The data obtains from the questionnaire survey and is sorted out by spss23.0 and Amos21.0 software. The result is that enterprises of Jiangxi in the third-tier cities need to change the concept of leaders to implement green human resource management and pay more fines to the government in the short term.
Neo-Primitivism: The Loss, Recovery and Sustainable Development of Northern American Aboriginal Culture
Authors: Chen Wei
Published: November 2020

This paper aims to discuss the loss, recovery and sustainable development of native American culture from the perspective of the world-systems theory, and further illustrates how neo-primitivism is combined with psychotherapy to heal aboriginal individuals through reconnecting them with their sustainable tribal tradition. I will also try to clarify how Gary Snyder’s Myths & Texts, The Practice of the Wild, and The Old Ways were inspired by the sustainable native American neo-primitivism, its oral tradition and shamanism to advocate a wild culture and the concept of a poet-shaman to heal the binary opposition of Western civilization and its subsequent ecological crisis. If we can comprehend and conserve northern American aboriginal culture as it is, the goals of DESD and SDG such as good health and well-being, environmental conservation and protection, intercultural understanding (cultural diversity), reducing inequality, and sustainable cities and communities concerning northern American aboriginal culture can be realized ideologically, culturally and realistically.
Habitat preferences of current record of JHE (Nisaetus bartelsi) in lowland forest in Ujung Kulon National Park
Authors: Fahmi I , Syartinilia
Published: November 2020

Ujung Kulon National Park (TNUK) used camera traps to help monitoring the occurrence of Javan Rhinos (Rhinos sondaicus) but the result accidentally recorded the occurrence of Javan Hawk-eagle (JHE). According to the latest habitat modelling, JHE’s presence was only in highland forests. The new report of JHE occurrence in TNUK confirmed JHE’s presence in lowland forest. The objective of this study was to identify the landscape characteristics that become the habitat preferences of JHE in TNUK. Observation and analysis were conducted around the occurrence location to obtain the information about JHE’s preferences for selecting their nesting and hunting sites. Vegetation analysis was conducted to obtain Important Value Index (IVI) and diversity index that represented plants species domination. The results indicated that in TNUK lowland forest, JHE’s habitat was distinguished into two habitat preferences based on the behaviour. JHE hunted and nested around Cigenter River and its tributary with sloping ground. Hunting and nesting habitats were both dominated by bay trees (Syzygium polyanthum) with IVI of 88.97% and 69.49%, respectively. Tree dominance that provided habitats for JHE’s diet was an important factor in determining hunting preferences, while species diversity was an important factor in determining nesting preferences.
Rare raptors of Iran and recent conservation efforts
Authors: Taiyari H , Hashemi A
Published: November 2020

Approximately, 57 species of birds of prey were recorded in Iran. According to the IUCN red list of threatened species, six of these raptors are considered threatened and rare. These include Saker Falcon, Steppe Eagle, Eastern Imperial Eagle, Egyptian Vulture, Lammergeyer and Black Vulture. These raptors spend a considerable portion of their migration in Iran. Therefore, there is a need to gather and update the recent knowledge about the conservation of these raptors in Iran. Several procedures, including the systematic search throughout different databases, and search for studies in the reference list of the peer reviewed journals, were applied to achieve a high-quality list of references for this review. The general trend of conservation studies of rare raptors in Iran is more towards understanding both habitat use and habitat suitability. The findings of these studies indicated reconsideration of the boundaries of current protected areas since these reserves were initially set based on the distribution of wild mammals.
The suburban forest as a habitat of eagles (Accipitridae): a case study in Gunung Bromo University Forest, Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sugiyarto  , Nayasilana I N , Aditya
Published: November 2020

Eagles (Accipitridae) are sensitive to environmental disturbance such as fragmented environment. This study was aimed to describe the forest in Gunung Bromo as a habitat of the eagles. The research method used was the case study, habitat observation, monitoring presence of eagles, and literature review. Gunung Bromo University Forest is totally fragmented suburban forest with four types of habitat such as oligoculture forest, mixed forest, cropland and riverstream. Two species of eagles were found in the area namely Nisaetus cirrhatus and Spilornis cheela. Potential prey for the eagles found in the area was six species of snakes, eight species of amphibians, five species of lizards, 32 species of birds, and three species of small mammals. Inactive eagle’s nest was also found, and the shape of nest is a big circle with neat plaits created from branches placed in the upper canopy of Bombax ceiba tree. The nest presumed to be used by N. cirrhatus. The study also noted the competitor namely Artamus leucorynchus which often aggressively mobbing the eagles when soaring. Gunung Bromo University Forest was a good habitat for eagles, although it was fragmented. It provided four different habitats, diverse preys, and nesting site. Threats for conservation of eagles in the forest were illegal hunter and noise from visitors’ motocross.
Detection of Falculifer sp. mites in eagles in rehabilitation cage of Bali Wildlife Rescue Center
Authors: Batan I W , Ananda M K , Sembiring M S B , Sianipar D H A , Sunusi S , Noviarini D A R T , Hadi U K
Published: November 2020

Eagle is one of the many raptors were rescued by the Bali Wildlife Rescue Centre. This institution is a non-profit conservation institution in Indonesia. The salvated eagles were obtained from confiscated proceeds from the Bali Natural Resources Conservation Centre (BKSDA). Health checks such as ectoparasite examination on eagles are important to maintain the quality of life. This study was aimed to identify the presence of ectoparasites in several eagle species in Bali Wildlife Rescue Centre/PPS Bali. The study was conducted from June to September 2019. Feather samples were taken from 15 caged eagles, including six Brahminy Kite (Haliastur indus), one Changeable Hawk-eagle (Spizaetus cirrhatus), three White-bellied Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster), one Grey-headed Fish Eagle (Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus), and four Crested Serpent Eagle (Spilornis cheela). The eagle feather samples were examined at the Denpasar Veterinary Investigation Center/BBVet for the presence of ectoparasites. This research was an observative study and the data obtained were analysed descriptively. The result showed that eight samples (two Crested Serpent Eagle, two White-bellied Sea Eagle, two Changeable Hawk-eagle, one Brahminy Kite, and one Grey-headed Fish Eagle) were found to be positively infected with mite external parasites from all examined eagles. These mites were identified belong to Arachnid class, the Astigmata order, the Falculiferidae family, and the genus Falculifer sp.
Relationship between wind incidents and wind-induced damage to construction in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sarli PW , Abdillah MR , Sakti AD
Published: November 2020

In recent decades, the wind has been a major contributor to severe damages to residential constructions in Indonesia. The province of West Java has the highest recorded wind-related damages in the country. Even more, the wind is consistently the second or third source of residential damage, which shows that there is a need to understand the nature of wind as a hazard. However, despite the many cases of destruction due to wind, the data of the destruction is not supported by the wind speed data of the area in question, which makes it difficult to understand how severe the wind condition at the time truly was. Under the classification of the Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management, all cases are classified under severe wind speed or windstorm, even when the wind data is non-existent. This paper explores incidents of wind damages in West Java and matches this data with estimated wind speed conditions obtained from numerical weather model ERA 5. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between wind incidents and wind-induced damage by estimating the wind speed at which wind incidents occur to clarify whether the occurrence is in accordance to the design wind speed, or the strong wind speed definition given by the law. The research was done using field data from the Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management and the West Java Regional Board for Disaster Management. The maximum gust wind speed was estimated from ERA5 reanalysis hourly data. From the analysis of 121 cases between 2011-2018, no gust wind speed that resulted in the damages is above the designated wind speed of 32.1 m/s. Even then, only 2% of the wind speed is above the strong wind definition by the National Board of Disasters at 12.5 m/s. The resulting fragility curve shows that even with a wind speed of 5 m/s and 8 m/s, there is a 50% and 90% possibility of wind-induced damages respectively.
Disaster learning through a map-based mobile application: an evaluation of its readability and user satisfaction
Authors: Sari K P , Komalasari R , Kanegae H
Published: November 2020

Mobile technologies have become a key potential learning tool for the public in this digital era, particularly for young people. The Indonesian government, through its National Disaster Management Agency, has developed and launched a mobile application called InaRisk Personal to help citizens become more aware of disasters. This paper aims to assess whether this map-based application is effective and efficient as a disaster learning tool for senior high school students by evaluating its readability (efficiency and accuracy of map interpretation) and overall satisfaction with the application by surveying 361 students in West Java, Indonesia. This study also compared the application with printed disaster maps obtained from local governments to roughly examine its performance. The findings show that both measurements (readability and user satisfaction) were higher for the application. We also found that most students prefer to learn about disasters through cartographic visualization on the mobile application with suggestions for improvements compared to the printed maps.
Response to changes of public transport fares on travel mode and parking area choices in Cimahi commercial area
Authors: Kusmirat I R W , Rachmat S Y
Published: November 2020

Parking is an absolute part of a journey, especially if one uses a private vehicle. Studies on parking have been conducted since the 1970s as part of the literature on individual travel, which is developing quite rapidly and is becoming increasingly important in urban planning; it is directly related to the availability of land used for parking. Public parking lots are found in the downtown area (CBD) and the commercial area. One example of cities that experience lack of available off-street parking lots in the city center is the Cimahi. Consequently, it gives rise to congestion and increased use of private vehicles that are increasingly high; with the number of vehicles being 312,033 units, around 80% were motorcycles. Based on the results of the calculation of several models, the response chosen was the response of switching to public transportation, having a Nagelkerke R Square value of 41.1%, with seven variables having a significant partial effect. Furthermore, after calculating using a probability analysis of public transport users with tariff options on stated preference responses with the lowest tariff of Rp2,000 will result in 55.65% of the opportunity to switch modes from private vehicles to public transportation.
Deconstructing water sensitivity: experiences from global cities
Authors: Mishra G , Acharya G , Iyer M , Doshi S
Published: November 2020

Cities around the world today are facing common issues of rapid urbanization, varying climatic conditions, and challenging economies, which are known to impact the environment and quality of life. In response, multiple concepts have emerged related to water management practices over the past few decades. One such recently discussed concept is of Water Sensitive Cities, which envisions a place that judiciously uses its existing resources, building resilience for tomorrow by simultaneously ensuring community participation for sustainability. Synonymous with this notion, there exist other overlapping concepts such as Water Sensitive Urban Design, Low Impact Development, Best Management Practices, Green Infrastructure, and the like. This research intends to deconstruct these concepts and their practices through a review of 120 case studies located across different agro-climatic and water-stressed regions globally. These cases were analyzed for their inclination to three thematic components: society, water sensitive urbanism, and technologies. The evidence suggests that there is not a single water sensitive city in the world today. This paper discusses the Utopian nature of this notion and identifies relevant pathways to explore to reach the destined vision of Water Sensitive Cities.
GIS-based environmental assessment of selected prioritized tourist attractions on Lombok Island
Authors: Suhono H A R , Pratiwi R A , Kurniadhi A
Published: November 2020

As the national priority tourism destination, Lombok Island requires the implementation of strategic tourism development, bearing in mind that tourism is one of the economic development pillars of Indonesia’s Vision 2045. The diversity of attractions on the island of Lombok, whether natural, man-made, or cultural, need to pay attention to environmental threats, including the potential of natural disasters in each attraction. One of the disasters that have occurred is the earthquake in 2018 which had impacts on the infrastructure and productive economy, including the tourism sector. Therefore, it is needed to map attractions that are suitable for the capabilities and characteristics of the environment. The primary objective of this research is to provide the environmental assessment of priority attractions that can be optimally developed, limitedly developed, or cannot be developed. In providing these recommendations, this study conducted 5 stages of analysis, those are tourist attractions validation, GIS-based suitability mapping, multi-criteria readiness scoring, and GIS-based environmental carrying capacity (ECC) and hazard assessment. Of the 32 selected attractions, there are 20 priority attractions, of which 5 of them are in ideal conditions. Those are Senggigi Beach, Narmada, Suranadi, Selong Belanak Beach, and Lembah Sembalun. This indicates that the 5 priority attractions have a suitable carrying capacity and low risk of natural hazards. The other attractions were also assessed based on the capability and the characteristic of the environment, so it can be a recommendation for the government in developing prioritized attractions for sustainable development and in the preparation of the spatial plan and tourism development documents.
Spatial impact of the Semarang old town revitalization: the emergence of formal and informal space
Authors: Dewi S P , Susanti R , Wungo G L
Published: November 2020

Old Town is a historic area and also a highly prospective tourism destination in Semarang city. Beforehand, this area faced some problems such as tidal flood, costly building maintenance, and high building taxes. As a result, many historic buildings are abandoned by their owners and become unkempt. Responding to this, the government decided to revitalize the Old Town areas, focusing on physical improvements like fixing roads, drainage, and adding infrastructure. This revitalization transforms the area’s spatial use, allowing more activities convened on the site. However, this transformation also triggers irregular space usage and informal space. In this study, we emphasize the emergence of formal and informal areas due to revitalization. It is essential to find out the emergence of these spaces as part of spatial management. We start by identifying elements in the revitalization process, comparing the land and space utilization before and after revitalization, and analyze its impact on the emergence of formal and informal spaces. We will collect the data through field observations, interviews, and literature review, and we utilize descriptive analysis and geographic information systems as a method of analysis. The results show that revitalization is indeed changing space utilization. Informal activities such as illegal dwellings, cockfights, prostitution, illegal street vendors, and unlawful parking are no longer present in the Old Town area. Informal activities have changed into formal activities as Semarang City Government provides avenues for service providers, pedestrians, and traders to utilize the space.
Toll road development impact on tourism sector: macro and micro analyses
Authors: Andani I G A , Rahayu L , Iscahyono A F , Desiana R
Published: November 2020

This study investigates the effects of toll road development on tourism growth in the traversed area, using a case study in the Jakarta and Bandung region the largest urban area in Indonesia. In doing so, firstly, we carried out a statistical analysis on the data of economic indicators and regional tourism travel trends. Lastly, we estimated an ordinal logit model on leisure trip frequency via a toll road based on a household survey among 1,188 respondents who live in the proximity of toll gates. Our analysis showed that there is a correlation between the development of toll roads and the increased tourism activities in the area traversed by the toll roads. This finding is supported by the estimation results of the ordinal logit model that the closer the residential location of a respondent to a toll gate, the respondent would be more frequent to travel via a toll road. Despite the benefit that comes with toll roads, this study also highlights that its development should address its equity implications, which is the distribution of benefits across different segments of income.