bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of alternative hosts of the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in West Africa
Authors: Sawadogo Mathieu Wendnéyidé , Ahissou Regis Besmer , Somda Irénée , Nacro Souleymane , Legrève Anne , Verheggen François
Published: September 2022

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) reached West Africa in 2012 and has since become a major tomato pest. Various alternative strategies for pest control have been identified worldwide, including crop rotation, to deprive the insect of its food. However, this method can only be implemented if a good knowledge of the local host plants of the leafminer have been identified. Here, we have assessed the capacity of Tuta absoluta to develop on 27 common vegetable crops in West Africa, representing the Poaceae, Apiaceae, Convolvulaceae, Amaranthaceae, Malvaceae, Lamiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, and Amaryllidaceae. The tomato leafminer was only able to develop and complete its life cycle on crops within the genus Solanum. Among the 27 plant species tested, Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) was identified as the best host, allowing for rapid development (22.2 ± 1.4 days) and a high survival rate (84%). Solanum tuberosum L. (Irish potato) (24.4 ± 0.8 days; survival rate 40%), Solanum aethiopicum L. (African eggplant) (24.3 ± 0.6 days; survival rate 52%) and Solanum melongena L. (eggplant) (25.9 ± 1.8 days; survival rate 24%) were three other possible hosts. Larval development occurred on onion (Allium cepa L.), but not pupation. A strategy that includes a prolonged absence of the genus Solanum in a production area would be associated with a considerable reduction in leafminer population size.
Healthcare Access Among Individuals of Asian Descent in the U.S.
Authors: Al Rifai Mahmoud , Kianoush Sina , Jain Vardhmaan , Khan Minhas Abdul Mannan , Hussain Aliza , Krittanawong Chayakrit , Patel Jaideep , Agarwala Anadnita , Hanif Bashir , Samad Zainab , Yang Eugene , Virani Salim
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Some groups of Asian Americans, especially Asian Indians, experience higher rates of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) compared with other groups in the U.S. Barriers in accessing medical care partly may explain this higher risk as a result of delayed screening for cardiovascular risk factors and timely initiation of preventive treatment.
Methods. Cross-sectional data were utilized from the 2006 to 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Barriers to accessing medical care included no place to seek medical care when needed, no healthcare coverage, no care due to cost, delayed care due to cost, inability to afford medication, or not seeing a doctor in the past 12 months.
Results. The study sample consisted of 18,150 Asian individuals, of whom 20.5% were Asian Indian, 20.5% were Chinese, 23.4% were Filipino, and 35.6% were classified as “Other Asians”. The mean (standard error) age was 43.8 (0.21) years and 53% were women. Among participants with history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or ASCVD (prevalence = 25%), Asian Indians were more likely to report delayed care due to cost (2.58 (1.14,5.85)), while Other Asians were more likely to report no care due to cost (2.43 (1.09,5.44)) or delayed care due to cost (2.35 (1.14,4.86)), compared with Chinese. Results among Filipinos were not statistically significant.
Conclusions. Among Asians living in the U.S. with cardiovascular risk factors or ASCVD, Asian Indians and Other Asians are more likely to report delayed care or no care due to cost compared with Chinese.
Clinical Rotation Handbook Promotes Orthopaedic Resident Wellness: A Quality Improvement Study
Authors: Rogers Joshua , Kim Faith , Strine Brayden , Lancaster Benjamin , Hofer Kevin , Blankespoor Michael , Nentwig Michelle , Dart Bradley , Hearon Bernard
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Transitioning from one clinical rotation to the next may be particularly stressful for orthopaedic residents attempting to navigate new work environments with new faculty mentors and new patients. The purpose of this quality improvement (QI) project was to determine if resident stress could be improved by using a handbook to disseminate key rotation-specific data during quarterly rotation transition periods.
Methods. A comprehensive electronic handbook was created by residents to describe each rotation in our orthopaedic training program in terms of: (1) faculty and staff contact data, (2) daily clinic and surgery schedules, (3) resident responsibilities and faculty expectations, and (4) key resources and documents. At rotation transition, a session in the academic schedule was dedicated for outgoing residents to update the handbook and to sign-out to incoming residents. Pre- and post-handbook questionnaires were administered to assess resident perceptions of stress or anxiety, preparedness, and confidence before commencing the new rotation. Nonparametric data derived from the surveys were analyzed using the sign test choosing p < 0.05 for a two-tailed test as the level of statistical significance.
Results. Most residents perceived improvements in stress/anxiety, preparedness, and confidence understanding rotation expectations after the handbook was implemented. Changes in these three outcome parameters were statistically significant.
Conclusions. This rotation transition QI initiative consisting of a resident-authored, rotation-specific electronic handbook and dedicated verbal sign-out session enhanced resident wellness by decreasing stress, increasing preparedness, and improving confidence among residents starting a new rotation. Similar online resources may be useful for trainees in other specialties.
Создание государственных и муниципальных автономных учреждений (обзор практики)
Authors: Titova L. , Sinelnikova O.
Published: September 2022

В ходе преобразования сети бюджетных учреждений в различных сферах деятельности на всех уровнях бюджетной системы Российской Федерации создаются автономные учреждения. Полная и исчерпывающая информация о состоянии процесса реформирования в настоящее время отсутствует. Приведены систематизированные сведения из различных информационных источников о результатах и масштабах преобразований. Построены динамические ряды соответствующих показателей по годам в разрезе сфер деятельности по каждому субъекту РФ и на федеральном уровне. Выполнена оценка деятельности органов государственной исполнительной власти и местных администраций по реформированию бюджетных учреждений.
Neck and Upper Extremity Pain and Disability Experienced by University Students with Distance Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Descriptive Research
Authors: PERÇİN Alper
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective: Musculoskeletal system problems emerged in students who had to attend classes with a computer or smartphone during the weekly course hours, due to the fact that the universities providing face-to-face education switched to the online method of distance education due to the Covid-19 pandemic.Purpose of the study; To determine the severity of the pain experienced by the students, to reveal its relationship with disability, and to find the factors that induce pain and disability in daily life.Material and Methods: One hundred students between the ages of 18-25, who attended distance education for at least 2 academic semesters and met the study criteria were included in the study. After the Sociodemographic Data Questionnaire was applied to the students included in the study, the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Problems Quick Questionnaire (Q-DASH), Neck Disability Index and NRS tests were applied.Results: As a result of the Quick Questionnaire for Arm, Shoulder and Hand Problems (Q-DASH), 43% of the students included in the study had moderate disability, and according to the Neck Disability Index, 37% of the study group had complete disability. According to multivariate regression analysis, gender (p<0.05) and duration of computer or smart phone use (p<0.05) were the variables that most affected disability. A significant correlation was found between the frequency of pain and disability in the upper extremity (p<0.001).Conclusion: It is seen that excessive computer or smart phone use during distance education causes disability due to pain and joint movement limitations in the upper extremity and cervical region.
Effects of two different inspiratory muscle training devices on respiratory muscle strength, cardiopulmonary functional capacity, and quality of life of COPD patients
Authors: Oliveira Kelly Cristina da Silva , Do Nascimento Breda Melissa , Ricardo Pepe Ambrozin Alexandre
Published: September 2022

Inspiratory muscle weakness is one of the complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This condition has been minimized by inspiratory muscle training (IMT). Still, different IMT devices need to be compared to identify the best option. Objective: To evaluate the effects of two IMT devices on respiratory muscle strength, cardiorespiratory functional capacity, and life quality of COPD patients. Method: Before and after the IMT protocol, 17 patients were submitted to manovacuometry, six-minute walk test (6MWT), and questionnaire from the Saint George Hospital in Respiratory Disease (SGRQ) for inspiratory muscle strength, cardiorespiratory functional capacity, and life quality assessments, respectively. Afterwards, they were divided into two groups to perform IMT for four weeks, one by Threshold® IMT (IMTG) and the other by POWERbreathe® Classic (PG). Results: Maximal inspiratory pressure increased significantly from -62.00±16.03 to -75.55±22.84 cmH2O in IMTG, and from -56.00±22.01 to -71.25±27.67 cmH2O in PG. The distance covered in the 6MWT clinically increased with both IMTG and PG. The SGRQ answers showed improvements in all domains evaluated for both groups. However, the intergroup results showed no statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Both IMT devices increased inspiratory muscle strength, improved life quality, and optimized cardiorespiratory functionality in COPD patients. None was superior to the other for the analyzed parameters.
Цифровизация и права осужденных к лишению свободы: национальные стратегии реализации минимальных правил ООН
Authors: Петросян Олег Шагенович
Published: September 2022

Защита прав осужденных является сложной задачей, основные направления решения которой выработаны ООН. В статье приводятся результаты и перспективы использования положительного опыта тюремных систем Финляндии и России по цифровизации сферы предоставления услуг по реализации прав осужденных к лишению свободы (минимальных правил ООН).
О путях совершенствования удаленного доступа к архивным документам в условиях пандемии
Authors: Сивцев Нюргун Иванович
Published: September 2022

В статье анализируется проблема удаленного доступа к архивным фондам всех уровней собственности в Российской Федерации в условиях ограничений, связанных с пандемией. Целесообразным решением являются унификация законодательства и тотальная цифровизация архивных фондов.
Проблемы противостояния конфликтам серой зоны
Authors: Чиркунов Лев Викторович
Published: September 2022

В статье рассказывается о серой зоне и методах противостояния конфликтам в ней. Приводятся прецеденты подобных конфликтов и анализируются недочеты в процессе их урегулирования. Представлены альтернативные способы обороны в серой зоне.
Optimasi Proses Penggaraman dan Pengeringan Ikan Nike Asin Kering dengan Metode Response Surface Method
Authors: Putalan Reinal , Ariany Septian Palma , Kasadi Afriani , Hidayat Taufik
Published: September 2022

Ikan nike (Awaous melanocephalus) merupakan jenis ikan endemik dan potensial yang tersebar di daerah Sulawesi. Salah satu produk olahan dari ikan tersebut adalah ikan asin kering. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh konsentrasi garam dan lama penggaraman terhadap karakteristik Ikan nike (Awaous melanocephalus)  asin kering yang dihasilkan. Melalui pengujian organoleptik mutu hedonik yang meliputi kenampakan, bau, rasa tekstur dan kadar protein. Pembuatan ikan asin menggunakan metode penggaraman kering dengan konsentrasi garam 5%, dan 10% dengan lama pengeringan 5, 6 dan 7 jam.  Hasil pengujian dianalisis sensori dengan menggunakan metode Kruskal Wallis. Kadar protein dianalisis menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial (RALF) dengan tiga kali ulangan, serta optimasi proses pengolahan ikan asin kering terhadap kandungan protein menggunakan Response Surface Method (RSM). Konsentrasi garam dan lama pengeringan berpangaruh nyata terhadap karakteristik protein ikan asin. Ikan nike asin kering memiliki nilai organoleptik 7-9. Komposisi kimia protein ikan nike protein tertinggi 25,28%. Optimasi proses penggaraman dan pengeringan terhadap kandungan protein menggunakan Response Surface Method di peroleh pada konsentrasi garam 10% dan lama waktu pengeringan 7 jam.
Penambatan Molekul Senyawa Aktif Spirulina platensis sebagai Inhibitor TMPRSS2 untuk Mencegah Infeksi SARS-COV-2
Authors: Kalontong Putu Kristiani , Safithri Mega , Tarman Kustiariyah
Published: September 2022

Spirulina platensis merupakan mikroalga spesies blue green algae (Cyanophyta) yang dimanfaatkan sebagai makanan kesehatan dan sumber berbagai jenis nutrisi yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh manusia. Senyawa yang diisolasi dari mikroalga ini telah dilaporkan sebagai penghambat yang manjur terhadap beberapa jenis virus. Penyakit COVID-19 merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus corona sindrom pernafasan akut  parah 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Secara mekanisme, spike protein SARS-CoV-2 diaktifasi oleh protein TMPRSS2 untuk memasuki sel inang. Oleh karena itu, menghambat aktivitas TMPRSS2 dapat  mencegah infeksi SARS-CoV-2.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi senyawa aktif dari berbagai ekstrak S. platensis sebagai inhibitor TMPRSS2 dalam mencegah infeksi SARS-COV-2 yang diharapkan dapat meminimalisir keparahan penyakit COVID-19. Indikator yang digunakan adalah aktivitas penambatan molekul berdasarkan energi afinitas (ΔG) dan konstanta inhibisi (Ki). Senyawa aktif yang potensial juga dibandingkan terhadap ligan alami dan nafamostat. Penambatan molekul dilakukan pada 45 senyawa dari 108 senyawa aktif S. platensis dengan protein TMPRSS2. Hasil penambatan molekuler menunjukkan bahwa quercitrin berpotensi sebagai inhibitor TMPRSS2 karena memiliki ΔG paling negatif yaitu -7,40 kkal/mol dengan konstanta inhibisi sebesar 3,77 µM. Quercitrin juga dapat dapat berikatan dengan 2 residu sisi aktif TMPRSS2 dibanding ligan alami dan nafamostat yang hanya mampu berikatan dengan 1 residu sisi aktif TMPRSS2.
Liquid biopsy for early detection and therapeutic monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Choi Eun-Ji , Kim Young-Joon
Published: September 2022

Advances in our knowledge of the molecular characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have enabled significant progress in the detection and therapeutic prediction of HCC. As a non-invasive alternative to tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy examines circulating cellular components such as exosomes, nucleic acids, and cell-free DNA found in body fluids (e.g., urine, saliva, ascites, and pleural effusions) and provides information about tumor characteristics. Technical advances in liquid biopsy have led to the increasing adoption of diagnostic and monitoring applications for HCC. This review summarizes the various analytes, ongoing clinical trials, and case studies of United States Food and Drug Administrationapproved in vitro diagnostic applications for liquid biopsy, and provides insight into its implementation in managing HCC.
Common electrocardiogram manifestations in electrolyte imbalance
Authors: Baoum Shada Omar , Matrafi Torky Mohammed Al , Alshaikh Turki Tawfik , Alluhaibi Hdayah Nassar , Alkhaldi Ghadah Nashmi , Alotaibi Mohammed Humayyed , Alharthi Faisal Sultan , Aldarorah Aqeelah Mahdi , Bawazeer Abdulaziz Abdullah , Jabal Salem Waleed Bin , Alsobhi Mosab Abed
Published: September 2022

Abnormalities in serum electrolyte levels and impaired electrolyte homeostasis may aberrate cardiac conduction by altering cardiac ion current kinetics. Oftentimes, the bedside electrocardiogram (ECG) can render expeditious insight and prompt emergency therapy while laboratory investigations of fluid, acid-base and electrolyte imbalances are underway for establishing a definitive diagnosis. The most frequent electrolyte aberrations affecting the ECG include disturbances of potassium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations. Electrolyte dyshomeostasis impacts the depolarization and repolarization phases of action potential in cardiomyocytes by modifying potentials across their cell membranes. Further, individual electrolyte disturbances often have wide-ranging consequences due to their effect on one another. Serum potassium concentration changes can cause considerable repercussions on myocyte conduction and potentially resulting in ECG changes. The ECG changes in hypokalemia mimic those of myocardial ischemia. With severe hypokalemia, the telltale ECG change is the development of U waves. In hyperkalemia, the primary ECG manifestation is T wave tenting, that is seen as a symmetrical narrowing or peaking but with oftentimes a wide deflection and high amplitude. With very severe hyperkalemia, a slurring “sine-wave” appearance may be observed on the ECG due to significant prolongation and widening of QRS complex and subsequent fusion with the T wave. Hyper-and hypo-calcemia mainly change the action potential span (phase 2), which causes either shrinking (in hypercalcemia) or extension (in hypocalcemia) of the QT interval. The effect on the QT interval is mainly the result of an alteration of the ST-segment time span. Both situations can impact T wave structure. No classic ECG presentation is observed in hypo-or hyper-states of magnesium. Bedside electrocardiography serves as an important aid in forming diagnoses and managing patients presenting with electrolytic dyshomeostasis.
Adverse effects of fluid overload in different paediatric age groups
Authors: Althagafi Tariq H. , Qartali Aminah A. , Alasmari Nader H. , Alasmree Abdulrahman D. , Alahmadi Ahmed S. , Alharbi Osama A. , Alnakhli Mohammad M. , Alraddadi Saba A. , Alkhalifah Soliman K. , Alhajooj Zahra N. , Alrehaili Ruba D.
Published: September 2022

Fluid resuscitation is a routine procedure in the treatment of critically ill patients especially in paediatric intensive care units. Fluid overload can result from instability in fluid homeostasis caused by the administration of excessive fluids. Fluid overload can have a wide range of adverse impacts on paediatric critical care patients, including increased mortality risk. Fluid overload increases the length of hospital stay and ventilation time also elevates requirement for renal replacement treatment. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about adverse effects of fluid overload in different paediatric age groups. Literature suggests that fluid overload is associated with significant morbidity and mortality among children. Fluid overload percentage greater than 10% is linked to higher mortality rates among children. Respiratory failure can be triggered by pulmonary alveolar and interstitial edema caused by hypervolemia. Children suffering from acute kidney injury or other renal diseases experience more worsened conditions in presence of fluid overload. Fluid overload can impair organ performance, which can impact disease and fatality. Excessive fluid may alter the efficiency of the heart and perhaps impair cardiac function by considerably moving ventricular compliance to the right on the Frank-Starling curve. The negative effects of fluid overload make patients more susceptible to an elevated risk of morbidity and death even if fluid overload itself is not a direct indicator of mortality. Further research can in aid in developing preventive and management strategies for the fluid balance in paediatric settings.
A scoping review protocol for the use of luminescent markers as a novel technique for teaching infection control
Authors: Shukla-Raval Surabhi , Morse Zac
Published: September 2022

Background: Globally, infection prevention and control has become a very topical matter with the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, the need for improved teaching in this area is essential. Fluorescent markers, as a novel visual tooth tool, could be useful in infection control education. The review will focus on scoping 1) the role of luminescent markers in infection control, 2) current products used in the visual observation of contaminant spread, and 3) the use of luminescent markers as an educational tool for infection control. 

Methods: This scoping review protocol was created in conformance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Medline, CINAHL and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source electronic database searches will be conducted via EBSCO, while Scopus, Google, and Google Scholar searches will be carried out independently. A narrative description of the synthesised and significant characteristics from the sources in the data chart will be presented. Gaps in the literature will be identified.

Conclusions: This review will provide a broad scoping of information sources on the use of luminescent markers as a novel technique for teaching infection control. It will provide practical implications and identify gaps in the literature which could guide future research.
Covid-19: Consumption coagulopathy with increased severity and mortality - A retrospective study
Authors: Gaur Kunal , Natarajan Suresh , Gupta Mohini
Published: September 2022

To compare quantitative values of parameters of coagulation pathway like Prothrombin Time (PT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), International Normalized Ratio (INR) and D-Dimer (DD) on date of admission versus date of patient's mortality.

A total of 50 patients who were tested positive for COVID-19 in our hospital between April 21, 2021 and May 30, 2021, were taken into this study. The changes in PT, APTT, INR and DD were compared at day of admission and day of patient's mortality.

The study involved 50 patients (36 male and 14 female). D-dimer at the day of admission (mean 1540.79 ng/ml; IQR 231-8776) was found with an elevation of 250% at the day of mortality (mean 5379.04ng/ml; IQR 434-10000). PT at the day of admission (mean 13.602; IQR 11.6-14.8) was found elevated (Normal range-10.5-13.5sec) in 19/50 patients which increased to 43/50 patients at the day of mortality, an increase of 126%.

According to the study done, the number of patients with increased levels of PT, APTT, INR and DD were substantially greater at the time of mortality compared to the same patients at their time of admission, suggesting a dynamic coagulation process in COVID-19 patients. This likely suggested that the patients were in progression from a hypercoagulating state that transforms into a fibrinolytic state as a result of the extensive use of coagulation factors.
Placental morphology in Covid-19: A study in tertiary hospital in Telangana
Authors: Shaik Reenaz , Sanjuktha P.A , Sumalini B. Roshni , Pavani M , Naseer Masrath , Begum Fakeha
Published: September 2022

Due to emerging new variants of Corona virus, study of placental histopathological changes helps in understanding its tissue tropism and effects of the virus of maternal and foetal morbidities.

Prospective Observational Study.

To evaluate and describe histopathologic findings in the placentas of women affected with COVID19.

A total of 16 placentas from pregnant women who were infected with COVID-19 in any gestational age and delivering between March 2020 and February 2022 were examined and compared with normal third trimester placentas received in the same time period.

Among the 16 placentas examined, most significant change as a sign of maternal malperfusion is increased intervillous fibrin deposition, which is seen in 81.25% cases, followed by infarction, calcification, increased syncytial knots, haemorrhage, calcification, vascular congestion and fibrin thrombi. Most significant foetal malperfusion sign is Chorangiosis which is seen in 37.5% cases, followed by thrombi in umbilical vessels. Also, 25% of the placentas examined showed Villitis, 18.75% showed Deciduitis, 6.25% showed Chorioamnionitis and 6.25% showed vasculitis.

COVID-19 placentas show increased prevalence of decidual arteriopathy and features of foeto-maternal vascular malperfusion which can be related to the consequences in foetus like Preterm delivery, IUGR and respiratory distress.
Importance of absolute eosinophil count in covid-19 patients
Authors: Gaur Kunal , Natarajan Suresh , Gupta Mohini
Published: September 2022

Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created worldwide healthcare problems and strained health resources. Reduced eosinophil levels are one of the unique discoveries that have been discovered in COVID 19 recently. The goal of this study is to establish the association between the mortality in COVID-19 with eosinopenia by retrospectively analysing data from fifty COVID-19 patients with varying illness severity, including moderate, severe, and critically ill.

Fifty patients taken from Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, of which twenty five critically ill patients and twenty-five having moderate to severe COVID-19 infection at hospital admission were enrolled. After being admitted to the hospital, information on the patient's medical history, clinical symptoms, CT severity score, and outcomes were taken from their medical records.

The study concluded that Compared to individuals with moderate and severe disorders, critical illness patients' eosinophil levels were much lower. Eosinophil levels gradually decreasing was found to be a separate factor which has been associated with mortality.

Patients with COVID-19 who have eosinopenia have a considerably higher mortality rate. These values can be obtained by simple means such as obtaining peripheral blood, so this is an easy and an effective indicator in monitoring these patients.
Evaluation of role of umbilical cord anomalies in fetal death-An institutional experience
Authors: Begum Fakeha , Mounika P. , Pavane M. , Ramya CH.
Published: September 2022

Umbilical cord plays pivotal role in development and well being of fetus. Any abnormality in the umbilical cord can affect the viability of the fetus. In spite of presence antenatal diagnostic modalities still fetal autopsy plays a vital role in identification and confirmation of the abnormalities which lead to intrauterine fetal death.

To check for incidence of variety of cord abnormalities in perinatal fetal deaths.

It is a retrospective observational study of 26 cases of perinatal deaths due to cord abnormalities taken from Jan 2013 to July 2021 in tertiary care center.

In the study 26 cases of fetal autopsy were included over a period of nine years. Mean maternal age was 26 years. 12 cases (44.3%) were of vessel number defects. In which 11 were two vessel cords and the other was 5 vessel cord, 14 cases showed short cord. 8 cases showed normal cord length. 4 cases showed long cords. True knots were seen in one case. 3 cases (28%) were involving stenosed cords. and 5 cases (28.4%) were of supercoiling 3 twisted cords. Maternal co-morbidities were present in 3 cases.

Umbilical cord anomaly is a major stress factor for fetus playing a key role in feto-maternal perfusion. Cord abnormalities can be clinically insignificant or can be severe leading to foetal death. The present study reemphasizes the importance of umbilical cord and its impact on wellbeing of foetus. Thus there is need to develop special and exclusive antenatal screening for umbilical cord abnormalities needs further research.
SkillsBank Methodology Note: Adult Training Methodology
Authors: Busso Matías , Cristia Julian P. , Messina Julián
Published: September 2022

After determining the pool of studies to be analyzed from the search protocol, we dropped all those papers that appeared twice in the dataset. Then, we focused on the title, abstract and the whole study in that order. The filters we analyzed here timing and language, population, intervention, methods, and measures, in that order.
The Potential of Smart Matching Platforms in Teacher Assignment: The Case of Ecuador
Authors: Elacqua Gregory , Gómez Leidy , Krussig Thomas , Méndez Carolina , Neilson Christopher
Published: September 2022

This paper studies the potential of personalized "smart" information interven- tions to improve teacher assignment results in the context of a centralized choice and assignment system (CCAS) in Ecuador. Specifically, we focus on the impact that a personalized non-assignment risk warning, coupled with a list of "achiev- able" teaching position recommendations, had on teacher applications in the “I Want to Become a Teacher” selection process. We study the causal effect of the intervention on teachers school choices, assessing its impact on the equilibrium probability of being assigned and on the overall results of the selection process, both in terms of the percentage of filled vacancies and the selection scores of as- signed teachers. We find that treated teachers, in equilibrium, are much more likely to modify their application and obtain an assignment. This result highlights the potential of similar information interventions in other contexts. We furthermore present evidence that the intervention led to increased overall assignment rates and selection scores.
Country Program Evaluation: Honduras 2015-2018
Authors: Bouillon César P. , Rodrigo Maria Fernanda , Rose Jonathan , Mújica María Eugenia , Maqueda Gassos Stephany , Russell Nathaniel
Published: September 2022

As part of its 2017-2018 annual work program, the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) has evaluated the Country Program with Honduras 2015-2018. This is OVE's fifth independent country program evaluation (CPE) of the IDB's program with Honduras and the first to cover the work of both the IDB and IDB Invest in that county. It covers the IDB Group's program during the 2015-2018 period, which was guided by the IDB Country Strategy with Honduras 2015-2018 (document GN-2796-1). The preceding evaluations covered the periods 1990-2000 (document RE-263), 2001-2006 (document RE-328), 2007-2010 (document RE-390), and 2011-2014 (document RE-469).
SkillsBank Methodology Note. Managers Training
Authors: Busso Matías , Irazoque Nicolás , Park Kyunglin
Published: September 2022

In this note, we describe the procedure used to search, filter and code information from studies that credibly measure the impact of managerial skills training on several specific outcomes (managerial skills, productivity, profits, firm survival).
A practical guidance on estimation of european wild ungulate population density
Authors: autores Varios
Published: September 2022

Given the diversity of available methods and the geographical diversity of Europe, methodological harmonization is duly needed. The general aim of this guidance is to review the methods for estimating density in European wild ungula¬tes. This guidance is based in previous comprehensive reviews carried out by the ENETWILD Consortium, which propo¬sed general recommendations for practical implementation of methods to estimate wild ungulate density. We present 9 methods used in nineteen wild ruminant species and wild boar distributed across Europe, paying special attention to most practical methods for further implementation in the field to calculate reliable and accurate density estimates, allowing further comparable results over their distribution ranges. This guidance provides recommendations to select the methods to estimate the density and its implementations for ungulate populations with the aim of increasing the output quality (good accuracy and precision). The method should be used in a harmonized way: we provide detailed instructions for the design of most recommended methods, but specific protocols must be specifically adapted to local conditions. Every method on estimating reliable and comparable wild ungulate population density has some advanta¬ges and disadvantages depending on the habitat, the weather conditions and the benefit and do not discard their use if applied in a harmonized way. It arises from this guidance the need of developing a permanent network and a data platform to collect and share local density estimates, so as abundance in the EU.
Społeczeństwo polskie wobec uchodźców ukraińskich w pierwszym miesiącu wojny Rosji z Ukrainą w tygodnikach opinii na przykładzie „Polityki” i „Gościa Niedzielnego”
Authors: Kindziuk Milena
Published: September 2022

Po trzydziestu dniach od ataku Federacji Rosyjskiej na terytorium Ukrainy granicę na całej długości z Ukrainy do Polski przekroczyło 2,5 miliona uchodźców. Celem niniejszego artykułu było zbadanie, w jaki sposób dwa polskie tygodniki opinii, mające największy nakład: „Polityka” i „Gość Niedzielny”, ukazały reakcje społeczeństwa polskiego wobec uchodźców ukraińskich w pierwszym miesiącu wojny. Podjęto też analizę zależności współwystępowania tekstów dziennikarskich z podejmowaniem inicjatyw państwowych oraz kościelnych odnośnie do pomocy uchodźcom wojennym, a także analizę dotyczącą problemów opisywanych w związku z tym na łamach wymienionych tygodników. Jako metodę badawczą przyjęto ilościową i jakościową analizę zawartości. Pomocniczo wykorzystano też metodę analizy kontekstu dyskursu prasowego. Na potrzeby badania opracowano klucz kategoryzacyjny i sporządzono kwestionariusz. Z tekstów opublikowanych w okresie badawczym na łamach tych pism wynika, że omawianej problematyki nie podjęto w równym stopniu, chociaż zamieszczono podobną liczbę tekstów. Z artykułów obu pism wypływa różny obraz społeczeństwa polskiego, który jednak pokrywa się z linią wydawniczą tych tygodników.
Development of a Didactic Platform for Flexible Power Electronic Converters
Authors: França João Victor Guimarães , Pinto Jonathan Hunder Dutra Gherard , Mendonça Dayane do Carmo , Farias João Victor Matos , Sousa Renata Oliveira de , Pereira Heverton Augusto , Seleme Júnior Seleme Isaac , Cupertino Allan Fagner
Published: September 2022

Power electronic converters are the subject of several studies and applications. Knowledge about those converters is essential for several technical and undergraduate courses in the field of Electrical Engineering and related areas. The presence of converter modules in laboratories can be beneficial for experimental validations in academic research and educational purposes, for allowing students to have practical contact with different converter topologies and applications. However, the commercially available power converters are generally manufactured for specific applications, with poor versatility and high cost, when applied for academic purposes. For this reason, several laboratories propose the design of versatile converters, mainly for multilevel converter research. Nevertheless, most of these projects present module designs based on half bridge topology due to their low cost. Therefore, this project topology requires more modules to operate as topologies based on a full-bridge converter. Besides, modules based on full-bridge topology can also work in a half-bridge configuration. Thus, this work presents the design of full-bridge modules capable of operating as different types of converters, as well as the project of the dc-link voltage measurement, isolated power supply and bypass circuits. Moreover, this work addresses the heatsink choice, the thermal evaluation for the semiconductor devices and the realization of galvanic isolation between the signal and power circuits.
Israel`s Cash Cap and Implications on the Country’s CBDC Development
Authors: Ledwon Andreas V. , Jäger Clemens C.
Published: September 2022

This paper analyzes the latest developments in Israel`s law to reduce the use of cash and its implications on the Country’s retail Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) development. Hence, the goal of our paper is twofold: (1) to shed light on the latest limitations of Israel’s law to reduce the use of cash as of 1st August 2022, also known as “Locker Agreement”, and (2) highlight its implications promoting advanced means of payment and a retail CBDC as an alternative to paper-based means of payment such as cash and checks while enabling privacy. In particular, we present to the audience Israel’s latest CBDC blockchain trials aiming to overcome raised privacy concerns. We conclude by challenging the effectiveness of highlighted motivations to potentially issue a Digital Shekel and assess the desired financial inclusion from various angles, before providing an outlook in an area which would be of benefit and interest to academics and practitioners. Finally, we encourage for further empirical research contributions on this field.
Diagnóstico para elaborar un modelo que permita formalizar los centros de acopio informales de residuos segregados en el distrito de Ate (Lima, Perú)
Authors: Urbay Paz Sergio César
Published: September 2022

Esta investigación, realizada en el año 2020, tuvo como objetivo realizar un diagnóstico para elaborar un modelo de formalización en la aplicación de métodos de segregación de residuos en los centros de acopio informales ubicados entre los kilómetros 16 y 17.5 del distrito de Ate, Región Lima. El trabajo realizado fue de tipo investigación-acción, en el cual se utilizó un enfoque mixto (cualitativo-cuantitativo), mediante la aplicación de encuestas y entrevistas a trabajadores de los centros de acopio informales, recicladores, pobladores de la zona y un profesional experto en la gestión de residuos sólidos de la Municipalidad de Ate. Como resultado, se propone un modelo de formalización que cuente con métodos que ayuden a realizar una adecuada segregación de residuos en los centros de acopio informales, incorporando en cada uno de ellos un sistema de gestión integral.
O trágico na pós-modernidade
Authors: Gusmão Roney
Published: September 2022

Neste artigo são apresentadas algumas potencialidades subversivas da arte-educação na pós-modernidade, sobretudo no que tange ao borramento das fronteiras instituídas pelo racionalismo etnocêntrico da modernidade. Fazemos uso do dionisíaco como metáfora para entender como a profusão da estética no contexto recente ocorre em simultaneidade com o ressurgimento do corpo em sua força política e emancipatória.
Analysis of procedural performance after a pilot course on endovascular training for resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta
Authors: Chang Sung Wook , Kim Dong Hun , Ma Dae Sung , Chang Ye Rim
Published: September 2022

Purpose: As resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is performed in an extremely emergent situation, achieving competent clinical practice is mandatory. Although there are several educational courses that teach the REBOA procedure, there have been no reports evaluating the impact of training on clinical practice. Therefore, this study is aimed to evaluate the effects of the course on procedural performance during resuscitation and on clinical outcomes. Methods: Patients who were managed at a regional trauma center in Dankook University Hospital from August 2016 to February 2018 were included and were grouped as precourse (August 2016–August 2017, n=9) and postcourse (September 2017–February 2018, n=9). Variables regarding injury, parameters regarding REBOA procedure, morbidity, and mortality were prospectively collected and reviewed for comparison between the groups. Results: Demographics and REBOA variables did not differ between groups. The time required from arterial puncture to balloon inflation was significantly shortened from 9.0 to 5.0 minutes (P=0.003). There were no complications associated with REBOA after the course. Mortality did not show any statistical difference before and after the course. Conclusions: The endovascular training for REBOA pilot course, which uses a modified form of flipped learning, realistic simulation of ultrasound-guided catheter insertion and balloon manipulation, and competence assessment, significantly improved procedural performance during resuscitation of trauma patients.
Chronic Positive Mass Balance is the Actual Etiology of Obesity: A Living Review
Authors: Manninen Anssi
Published: September 2022

According to known laws of physics, chronic positive mass balance is the actual etiology of obesity, not positive energy balance. The relevant physical law in terms of body mass regulation is the Law of Conservation of Mass, not the Law of Conservation of Energy. A recently proposed mass balance model (MBM) describes the temporal evolution of body weight and body composition under a wide variety of feeding experiments, and it seems to provide a highly accurate description of the very best experimental human feeding data. By shifting to a mass balance paradigm of obesity, a deeper understanding of this disease may follow in the near future. The purpose of this living review is to present the core issues of the upcoming paradigm shift as well as some practical applications related to the topic.
Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Networks Identify UK Insurers’ Trends in Investor Day Transcripts
Authors: Stefan Claus , Stella Massimo
Published: September 2022

The ability to identify and rank risk is essential for efficient and effective supervision of financial service firms, such as banks and insurers. Risk ranking ensures limited resources are allocated where they are most needed. Today, automatic risk identification within insurance supervision primarily relies on quantitative metrics based on numerical data (e.g. returns). The purpose of this work is to assess whether Natural Language Processing (NLP) and cognitive networks can achieve similar automated risk ranking and identification by analysing textual data, i.e. NIDT=829 investor transcripts from Bloomberg. To this aim, this work explores and tunes 3 NLP techniques: (1) keyword extraction enhanced by cognitive network analysis; (2) valence/sentiment analysis; and (3) topic modelling. Results highlight that keyword analysis, enriched by term frequency-inverse document frequency scores and semantic framing through cognitive networks, could detect events of relevance for the insurance system like cyber-attacks or the COVID-19 pandemic. Cognitive networks were found to highlight events that related to specific financial transitions: The semantic frame of "climate" grew in size by +538% between 2018 and 2020 and outlined an increased awareness that agents and insurers expressed towards climate change. A lexicon-based sentiment analysis achieved a Pearson’s correlation of ρ=0.16 (p<0.001,N=829) between sentiment levels and daily share prices. Although relatively weak, this finding indicates that insurance jargon is insightful to support risk supervision. Topic modelling is considered less amenable to support supervision, because of a lack of results’ stability and an intrinsic difficulty to interpret risk patterns. We discuss how these automatic methods could complement existing supervisory tools in automated risk ranking.
Bioinformatic Methods for Identifying Differentially Abundant Subpopulations in scRNA-seq Data
Authors: Kleinberg Giona , Shinde Ashwini , Batchu Sai , Diaz Michael , Root Kevin , Lucke-Wold Brandon
Published: September 2022

Single-cell RNA sequencing data facilitates investigation of cell heterogeneity and subpopulations as well as differentially abundant states however modern single-cell RNA sequencing datasets are growing in size and complexity requiring advances in the bioinformatic methods that analyze them. Many methods exist for each step of analysis including read alignment, normalization, quality control, batch effect correction, imputation and dimensionality reduction. With so many options to choose from at each step of the analysis, benchmarking and a synthesis of the literature on the methods available is necessary to inform biological researchers on the most optimal workflow for their data. Here, recent key methods of analysis are highlighted with a focus on methods that facilitate identification of cell subpopulations and differentially abundant cell states. With a constantly expanding toolset for each step in single-cell RNA sequencing dataset analysis, biological researchers should stay informed to utilize the most applicable methods for their own analyses.
Stable Runge – Kutta methods of 2nd and 3rd order for gas dynamics simulation using discontinuous Galerkin method
Authors: Lukin Vladimir Vladimirovich
Published: September 2022

The Runge – Kutta methods with stability region including the circle of maximum radius are considered. The methods are used to approximate gas dynamics system of equations using the discontinuous Galerkin method. Three second-order and one third-order methods fulfiling maximum disk property are proposed and investigated. Test problems for the 1D and 2D gas dynamics are considered. The ability of the obtained methods to maintain the stability and monotonicity of the numerical solution at the maximum avaliable time steps is studied.
Comparison of three mathematical models of directional crystallization
Authors: Gusev Andrey Olegovich
Published: September 2022

The paper provides the comparison of three mathematical models of directional crystallization. The one-dimensional models of crystal growth assuming complete mixing in the melt and no mixing in the melt are examined. The mathematical model of crystallization process in cylindrical ampoule, which accounts for crystallization interface movement, convective heat and mass transfer in the solution, diffusion heat and mass transfer in the crystal, is considered. The ranges of growth regime parameters, for which the simplified models are valid, are determined numerically.
Age-Stratified Outcomes of Mehta Casting in Idiopathic Early-Onset Scoliosis
Authors: Fedorak Graham T. , MacWilliams Bruce A. , Stasikelis Peter , Szczodry Michal , Lerman Joel , Pahys Joshua M. , D’Astous Jacques
Published: September 2022

Background:

This study provides age-stratified outcomes of cast treatment for idiopathic early-onset scoliosis.

Methods:

This is a multicenter, retrospective review of patients with idiopathic early-onset scoliosis treated with Mehta casting at 4 tertiary children’s hospitals between 2001 and 2016. The inclusion criteria were idiopathic early-onset scoliosis and a minimum follow-up of 2 years after casting ended. The exclusion criteria were <2 casts, >3 casts at an outside facility, and a major curve of <20° pre-treatment. Subjects were grouped by age at first cast: <18 months, 18 to <24 months, 2 to <3 years, 3 to <4 years, and ≥4 years.

Results:

There were 134 patients with a mean follow-up of 5.2 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.8 to 5.5 years) after casting. Prior to treatment, the major curve was not significantly different between the various age groups and was a mean of 50.4° (95% CI, 48.0° to 52.8° [range, 22° to 109°]). Of the <18-month group (n = 59), at the final follow-up at a mean of 7.4 years (95% CI, 6.8 to 8.1 years) of age, 75% had scoliosis of <15°, and 6.8% had undergone a surgical procedure or had a major curve of ≥50°. The results declined in the 18 to <24-month group (n = 30), with a major curve of <15° at the final follow-up at 8.5 years (95% CI, 7.3 to 9.7 years) of age in 33% (p < 0.001), and 17% having undergone a surgical procedure or had a major curve of ≥50°, with results nearly identical in the 2 to <3-year group (n = 21). The results continued to decline with increasing age; 23% of the 3 to <4-year group had a major curve of <15° at the final follow-up, and 31% had undergone a surgical procedure or had scoliosis of ≥50°. Of the ≥4-year group, just 9.1% had scoliosis of <15° (p < 0.0001 compared with the <18-month group), and 64% had undergone a surgical procedure or had scoliosis of ≥50°.

Conclusions:

Children who underwent casting prior to 18 months of age were more likely to have a major curve of <15° at a minimum 2-year follow-up after casting.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.