bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Risks of Thromboembolism of Drospirenone-Containing and Nondrospirenone -Containing Combined Oral Contraceptive Use: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Wan-Lin , Dong Zhe , Zhang Jun-Yan , Lyu Min-Zhi , Zhang Wei , Huang Jian-Lei , Yang Xin
Published: August 2021

Abstract

This study aimed to estimate the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), arterial thromboembolism (ATE), and other side effects following the use of drospirenone (DRSP)-containing combined oral contraceptives (COCs). When compared with non-DRSP-containing COCs, DRSP-containing COCs decreased the risk of VTE by 15% in the overall study population, although this was not statistically significant (adjusted hazard ratio/risk ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.85 [0.69, 1.04]). DRSP-containing COCs also showed significant benefits in terms of ATE risk. The body mass index of the subjects significantly decreased by 0.64 kg/m2 after taking the DRSP-containing COCs for 6 months. We concluded that DRSP-containing COCs were safe for use and could be broadly recommended.
Oral disintegrating tablets
Authors: Anusha Kusuma , Rada Santosh K.
Published: August 2021

Drug carrier networks are sophisticated because pharmaceutical scientists gain a greater understanding of the performance of biochemical as well as physicochemical parameters. Oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are now more commonly available for the treatment of various diseases than other products. Due to its convenience in terms of manufacture and administration, the oral administration route is being studied as the most utilized route. ODTs, particularly for pediatric patients, are considered to be effective drug-delivery systems due to their quick disintegration properties, water-free usage, and ease of swallowing. ‘Orally disintegrating tablets’ are present in solid dosage forms that dissolve in the mouth in less than 60 s without the need for water. Rapid tablet disintegration leads to rapid dissolution and therefore rapid action. ODTs are an ideal treatment for specific populations such as unconscious patients, bedridden patients, dysphagic patients, psychotic patients, geriatric patients, pediatric patients, and young patients with underdeveloped nervous and muscular systems. The main aim of this research paper is to discuss the advantages, drawbacks, formulation problems, manufacturing methods, patented technology, evaluation tests, and marketed formulations of ODTs, their value, different technologies, ideal characteristics, and aspects of formulation and design, future perspectives, and marketed preparations, particularly for pediatric patients.
A cross-sectional study to assess the utilization pattern of maternal health services and associated factors in aspirational district of Haryana, India
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Palaniyandi Subramani , Palaniyandi Anitha , Gupta Vikas , Panika Ram Kumar , Mahore Rakesh Kumar , Goel Pawan Kumar
Published: August 2021

Background:

In India mother related mortalities and morbidities are still significantly higher even after having various maternal program and schemes at regional and national level which reflects that such services are being under-utilized.

Aim:

The current study focused in assessing utilization pattern of maternal health services and associated factors in Nuh (Mewat).

Methods:

This present cross-sectional study was done for one year (2015-16) among mothers (15-49 years) under field practice area, PHC Taoru with minimum calculated sample as 645. The selection of participants was made using simple random sampling technique from available randomized list of villages. Data was collected by home-to-home visits using pretested, predesigned, standardized questionnaire and during analysis an association between variables was considered as significant if P < 0.05.

Results:

Out of 645 participants, 632 provided consent for inclusion into study. Any ANC and full ANC services was made by only 58.3% and 11.7% of participants respectively. More than half of the participants (52.7%) had suffered from pregnancy related complications. Variables such as lower age group, low decision-making capacity were significantly associated with not obtaining full ANC services (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

In the present study major determinants of a women which influence utilization of maternal health care service includes their age, literacy status, parity, socioeconomic status and occupation. Such determinants shall be considered for upcoming intervention aiming to bring attitudinal changes and concurrently leading to improved and enhanced usage of maternal health care services.
Are patients knowledgeable of medical errors and medical complications? A cross-sectional study at a tertiary hospital, Riyadh
Authors: Alanizy Butoul Alshaish , Masud Nazish , Alabdulkarim Aljawaharah Abdulaziz , Aldihan Ghada Abdulaziz , Alwabel Reema Abdullah , Alsuwaid Shikah Mohammed , Sulaiman Ihab
Published: August 2021

Background:

Basic understanding of medical errors and medical complications is essential to ensure patient safety. Our aim in this study was to assess whether patients have sufficient knowledge of medical errors and medical complications and to identify the factors that influence their knowledge.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 400 patients with a scheduled appointment at King Abdulaziz Medical City from 2019 to 2020. A self-administered validated questionnaire was developed by the coinvestigators. The first section focused on demographic information, and the second contained 17 scenarios to assess the knowledge of the patients. The data were analyzed with Chi-square test and logistic regression.

Results:

The sample size realized as 346 (n = 346), with the majority (n = 198, 57%) female, and the mean age 39.5 ± 11 years. The mean scores for the medical errors and complications were 5.5 ± 2.10 and 4.8 ± 2.3, respectively. The participants with secondary education were less likely to have sufficient knowledge of both medical complications (OR 0.52, P = 0.016) and errors (OR 0.52, P = 0.016). In terms of age, the older participants, the 38–47 year age group, were less likely to be knowledgeable about medical complications compared to the younger age groups (OR 0.92, P = 0.046).

Conclusion:

The patients had a higher level of knowledge about medical errors compared to medical complications. The level of education and the employment status significantly predicted the knowledge of both medical errors and complications.
Involvement of husband in maternal and child health care in rural field practice area of a tertiary medical college in South India—A mixed method study
Authors: DS Suryawanshi , D Rajaseharan , R Venugopal
Published: August 2021

Background:

To commemorate the 25th anniversary of International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in the pursuit of Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights views of duty bearers (men) who are mostly not involved in antenatal care in a patriarchal society like India needs to be explored.

Design:

It is a mixed method study (Triangulation).

Setting and Population:

It was conducted in a rural field practice area of a private medical college in South India covering a population of 19,200.

Objectives:

1) To determine the involvement of husband in maternal and child care. 2) To find out the perceptions of the husbands of antenatal pregnant women in maternal and child health (MCH) care.

Methods:

(Quan) A semi-structured questionnaire to find out the areas where husband is involved maximum during antenatal care (Qual). In-depth interviews was conducted to find out the factors associated with their involvement.

Results:

About 72.5% came for antenatal visits while it decreased to 27.5% during labor and further decreased to 20.3% during immunization. The reasons for decreased participation were (1) Professional Commitments, (2) Views of a Patriarchal society like India, (3) Financial Difficulties, and (4) Health Facility Related Challenges.

Conclusion:

There is a need to educate the husband regarding the importance of husband's involvement during delivery and immunization. Programs should also include men as the stakeholders for accountability and better MCH care for women.
Perception and attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Kishore Jugal , U Venkatesh , Ghai Glory , Heena  , Kumar Prem
Published: August 2021

Context:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a global pandemic taking more than 1.7 million lives. While many developed countries are starting their vaccination drive, India is not far behind but still not much is known about the willingness to get a vaccination in India.

Aims:

To find out the perception and attitude toward vaccination against COVID-19 among the adult population of India in order to know the proportion of people who are willing to get vaccinated against COVID-19.

Method:

A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 26, 2020 and November 10, 2020. Data were collected online using a self-administered and semi-structured questionnaire among adults aged 18 years or more in India via web-based links. The minimum sample size was calculated by considering the proportion of willingness to take the vaccination as 50%, 95% confidence interval, and 5% alpha error—the calculated sample size was 384. However, 467 participants completed the survey during the study period. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.

Results:

A total of 467 participants responded, out of which 329 (70.44%) showed a willingness to get vaccinated and 138 (29.55%) were hesitant to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Only 49.4% believed that people can be protected by the vaccine; 63.1% of the people were willing to get their children vaccinated; and 59.31% felt the vaccine should be free for all.

Conclusions:

The pan India survey conducted online revealed that approximately 3 in 10 adults were not willing to get vaccinated against COVID-19. This can guide policymakers to make multipronged efforts to increase the willingness to get a vaccination against COVID-19.
The silent epidemic of common oral diseases among the Arab population
Authors: Al Suwyed Abdulaziz S. , Al Zoman Khalid H. , Robert Asirvatham Alwin , Al-Nowaiser Abeer M. , Alabdely Maha Hail , Al Mubarak Sultan
Published: August 2021

Oral diseases are often ignored in public health policy within the Arab world, despite being a prevalent public health problem exerting a significant continuous increasing socioeconomic cost. This review paper explored the current status of the common oral diseases (dental caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer, and oro-facial trauma) in the Arab world through a literature search of the PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Google databases between 1998 and 2021. The literature available revealed sufficient evidence to support that oral diseases are highly prevalent in Arab nations. Collective, multi-sectorial action to reduce and eliminate oral diseases among the Arab population has become an urgent need.
Effectiveness of an institutional COVID-19 central sampling team during pandemic at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Kajal Smile , Reddy Chandra Shekar , Kumar Arvind , Sharda Radhika , Desai Devashish , Ahmed Anam , Khan Maroof Ahmad , Sivasree Anuvindha J. , Manjunath Mouna B. , Kaur Ravneet , Wig Naveet
Published: August 2021

Background:

An efficient sampling is one of the key methods to identify all those affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objectives:

To analyze how efficient setting up of a central sampling team would be to prevent any outbreak within the institution by minimizing the movement of suspected COVID-19 patients admitted in the inpatient wards. The secondary objective was to train maximum resident doctors to collect samples of admitted patients.

Methodology:

A central sampling team comprising of resident doctors from various departments was made who did sampling of the suspected COVID-19 inpatients admitted under various specialties.

Results:

There were a total of 341 patients [209 males (61.29%), 132 females (38.7%)] and 335 patients underwent sampling. There was a positive correlation between: (1) number of calls from a department vs percentage of positive samples in that department [Pearson correlation coefficient (R) = 0.47; P = 0.026], (2) number of samples taken by resident of a particular department from central sampling team vs number of positive samples taken by resident of that department [R = 0.8739, P = 0.01] and (3) number of visits to a department vs number of residents trained in that department [R = 0.93; P = 0.00001].

Conclusion:

Formulation of a central sampling team led to changes like a separate donning and doffing area in each ward and training of many resident doctors posted in different wards. This made each ward self-sufficient in collection of samples. This venture also ensured minimal movement of suspected COVID-19 patients in the hospital and thus least exposure to the hospital staff.
Эффективные длины волн огибающей на поверхности воды под ледяным покровом: малые амплитуды и умеренные глубины
Authors: Il'ichev Andrej Teimurazovich
Published: August 2021

Производится сравнение длин волн огибающих, монохроматических волн и скоростей так называемых уединенных волн огибающей на поверхности идеальной жидкости (воды) под ледяным покровом, находящимся в напряженном состоянии, для жидкости умеренной глубины в рамках двух формулировок. Во-первых, используются двумерные уравнения Эйлера для описания слоя воды конечной глубины, а ледяной покров моделируется упругой геометрически нелинейной пластиной Кирхгофа-Лява (эта формулировка называется полностью нелинейной). Бегущие уединенные волны огибающей малой амплитуды, для которых фазовая скорость равна групповой скорости и соответствует возникновению минимума скорости при конечном волновом числе на дисперсионной кривой, можно асимптотически описать в этой формулировке с помощью редукции базовых уравнений на центральное многообразие и анализа квазинормальной формы уравнений на центральном многообразии. Во-вторых, для малоамплитудных и длинных волн можно использовать слабонелинейную формулировку и формально вывести нелинейное уравнение Шредингера. В этих двух формулировках однозначно определяются длины волн огибающей, монохроматической волны и фазовая скорость волны. Эти параметры сравниваются для огибающих волновых пакетов и оказывается, что они близки для небольших глубин водоемов. Обсуждается существование сингулярного предела в уравнениях полностью нелинейной формулировки, когда изгибная жесткость ледяной пластины стремится к нулю, и формально получается случай гравитационно-капиллярных волн. Обсуждается также возможность теоретического определения длин волн и скоростей волн для существенно нестацинарных уединенных волн огибающих с помощью слабонелинейной формулировки.
Фотонная структура стационарных пространств
Authors: Kobyalko Kirill Vladimirovich , Gal'tsov Dmitrii Vladimirovich
Published: August 2021

Исследуются фотонные поверхности и фотонные области в стационарных пространствах типа D по классификации Петрова, включающих черные дыры, голые сингулярности, кротовые норы и допускающих вращение, наличие электрического или магнитного заряда, параметра Ньюмена-Унти-Тамбурино, ускорения и космологической постоянной. Рассмотрение проводится на основании новой концепции частично омбилических гиперповерхностей, что позволяет описать фотонную стуктуру, не прибегая к анализу геодезических. Дана полная классификация фотонных поверхностей для различных значений параметров, включая критические, при которых происходит ее качественное изменение. Результаты визуализированы в виде диаграмм, позволяющих компактно представить информацию, необходимую для понимания сильного гравитационного линзирования и гравитационных теней.
Application - Configurable Messaging
Authors:   Truck Bus Control and Communications Network Committee
Published: August 2021

The SAE J1939 documents are intended for light, medium, and heavy-duty vehicles used on or off road as well as appropriate stationary applications which use vehicle derived components (e.g. generator sets). Vehicles of interest include, but are not limited to, on- and off-highway trucks and their trailers, construction equipment, and agricultural equipment and implements.

The purpose of these documents is to provide an open interconnect system for electronic systems. It is the intention of these documents to allow Electronic Control Units to communicate with each other by providing a standard architecture.

This particular document, SAE J1939-74, describes the message structure for a set of messages which enable the user to determine and announce to others on the network, the parameter placement within a particular message from the special set of messages defined within this document.
Tire Pressure Systems - Management (CTIS) Type for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Highway Vehicles
Authors:   Truck and Bus Tire Committee
Published: August 2021

This SAE Recommended Practice defines the system and component functions, measurement metrics, and testing methodologies for evaluating the functionality and performance of ground vehicle central tire inflation systems (CTIS), also known as tire pressure management systems or tire pressure control systems (TPCS). Systems of this type allow the driver to select the operational tire pressure set point (TPSP) based on vehicle load and surface type (highway, off-highway, off-road, etc.) and maintain the inflation pressure to the vehicle specified level.

These systems are recommended to address all serviceable tires as originally installed on a vehicle by the OEM and/or specialty vehicle manufacturer, and for the aftermarket (including replacement or spare parts) are recommended (but optional) to address all tire/rim combinations installed after initial vehicle sale or in-use dates.

Systems for use by military and some other very rigorous off-road applications require such extreme performance requirements, particularly at very high and low temperature and other combat-based extremes that such applications may fall outside the recommended parameters of the subject document. In those cases, it is the responsibility of the procuring customer, vehicle OEM, and applicable component(s) OEM to determine what compromises might be required, and the suitability of design and performance solutions that may be outside of those recommended here.

This document is applicable to all axle and all wheel combinations for the following vehicle types, but does not preclude its use on other vehicle types—single unit powered vehicles exceeding 7257 kg (16000 U.S. pounds) gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) and multi-unit vehicle combinations, up to three towed units, which use an SAE J560 connector for power and/or communication, or equivalent successor connector technology. For combination vehicles including two or more trailers, the dolly axles are also included. The included vehicles can be newly manufactured vehicles or existing vehicles, fitted with air or hydraulic braking systems.
Efficient Monocular Depth Estimation with Transfer Feature Enhancement
Authors: Yin Ming
Published: August 2021

Estimating the depth of the scene from a monocular image is an essential step for image semantic understanding. Practically, some existing methods for this highly ill-posed issue are still in lack of robustness and efficiency. This paper proposes a novel end-to-end depth esti- mation model with skip connections from a pre- trained Xception model for dense feature extrac- tion, and three new modules are designed to im- prove the upsampling process. In addition, ELU activation and convolutions with smaller kernel size are added to improve the pixel-wise regres- sion process. The experimental results show that our model has fewer network parameters, a lower error rate than the most advanced networks and requires only half the training time. The evalu- ation is based on the NYU v2 dataset, and our proposed model can achieve clearer boundary de- tails with state-of-the-art effects and robustness.
Fostering Student Awareness of Team Skills: A Participative Team Formation Process for Class Projects
Authors: Berka Gregory , Greenwood Amber , Lee Jae Hwan
Published: August 2021

This essay outlines a participative team formation process for class projects with resources to support instructors in implementing this process. This hybrid process, integrating self-selection and teacher assigned methods, includes four touch points that foster students’ awareness of effective team behaviors and the presence (or absence) of these behaviors within themselves and in team members. The awareness can provide students the foundation for developing team skills—beneficial in both team projects and in organizational teams.
Alfabetização no meio rural e políticas públicas educacionais
Authors: Silva Arlete Lopes da
Published: August 2021

O artigo reflete sobre a relação entre educação rural e políticas públicas educacionais. No primeiro momento apresenta o cenário da Educação rural no contexto geral do Brasil, bem como reflete acerca dos conceitos de Educação rural. Posteriormente, analisa as políticas públicas voltadas para educação rural e o analfabetismo rural, os desafios encontrados na educação do campo, sabendo que, se na educação urbana já são altos os desafios, bem mais são em uma escola com poucos recursos pedagógicos e tecnológicos.
Alfabetização rural: progressos e desafios na região de Manaus
Authors: Silva Arlete Lopes da
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo reflete sobre os progressos e os desafios encontrados na educação do campo na região de Manaus. Se na educação urbana já são altos os desafios imaginamos, ainda mais desafiador é o processo educacional no âmbito rural, em escola com poucos recursos pedagógicos e tecnológicos. Por isso, o presente artigo reflete sobre a dificuldade que o professor encontra para lecionar sua matéria e aplicar seus conteúdos da melhor forma possível.
Enhancing Critical Reflection of Students During a Clinical Internship Using the Self-S.O.A.P. Note
Authors: Dye Deanna
Published: August 2021

Background and Purpose: Critical reflection is a skill all physical therapists need to develop to be successful in professional practice. Scholars have defined the varied processes, purposes and outcomes of reflection. Journaling is one technique for encouraging the process of critical reflection. While journaling can take many forms, a structured journal format with clear instructions and ongoing feedback has been found to be most successful in maintaining student engagement. Method Description and Evaluation: A journal structured in a S.O.A.P. note format was implemented as a weekly assignment during a clinical education experience. Students were required to submit the weekly self-S.O.A.P. note to the academic coordinator of clinical education (ACCE). The ACCE provided students with occasional feedback on their notes to encourage further reflection. Perceptions of the benefits and pitfalls of the activity were gathered through means of a focus group interview. Outcomes: The four students in the focus group identified several benefits which can be grouped into four categories relating to the clarity of format, effect of feedback, support of summative evaluations and self-recognition of progress. Discussion and Conclusions: Self-S.O.A.P. notes provide a familiar structure to assist students in the process of critical reflection. Further research is needed to determine the level of reflection that is occurring, the effect of feedback on the students’ critical reflection, and if a relationship exists between high levels of critical reflection and high summative evaluation ratings.
What the People Want – Delivery of Health Services in Rural and Remote Australia
Authors: Sheppard Lorraine
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the paper was to discuss directions in rural and remote health based on current policies in Australia. A review of the policy framework and consideration of health and population trends provide a basis to discuss the future rural workforce. The conclusions that are drawn support present models of rural and remote practice. A commitment to primary health and public health will be the next focus in health care. A rural health workforce can respond to this direction using existing modes of practice which emphasize working in teams, planning services based on patient need rather than clinical specialty and welcoming new service providers.
The False Wisdom of Tuition Based Ranking of Allied Health Programs: Is Your Program Affordable?
Authors: Little Tamara
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this analysis was to investigate the extent to which the ranking of programs based on total tuition cost changes when housing and program length were added to total tuition. Method: To accomplish this, the cost of tuition at 13 physical therapist education programs was compiled. Programs were ranked from most expensive to least expensive. The costs associated with housing, program length, and lost opportunity to earn wages were then added to total tuition. Programs were again ranked from most expensive to least expensive. Results: Regional differences in the cost of living and the total length of the program made a significant difference in the total cost of attending a program.Conclusions and Recommendations: Factors other than tuition may have a significant impact on the total cost of completing a program. Programs should consider how the length of the program and regional housing costs may affect the affordability of their program. Students should consider these other factors when comparing programs.
A Descriptive Study of Athletic Training Students Perception of Effective Mentoring Roles.
Authors: Pitney William , Ethlers Grey , Walker Stacy
Published: August 2021

Context: Mentoring relationships are commonly thought to promote the learning of a professional role. Mentors can perform a variety of roles and possess many different personal characteristics, but there is limited literature related to athletic training students’ perceptions of effective mentoring roles and characteristics. Objective: To explore who athletic training students identify as a mentor and describe the students’ perceptions of the mentoring role and personal characteristics. Design: An online survey was used to collect students’ perceptions. Setting: The study was initiated from a large mid-western university and included a national sample of athletic training students with published e-mail addresses. Participants: Student members of the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) with a published electronic-mail address (N=3285) were surveyed and a total of 807 students accessed the online survey for a return rate of 24.56%. Main Outcome Measure(s): Likert scale survey items measured the extent to which students agreed with the questions; descriptive statistics, specifically frequencies, means and standard deviations, were used in the analysis.Results: The majority of students identified a current practitioner as their mentor. Role modeling, communication, feedback, encouragement, listening, providing advice, support and challenges were roles associated with effective mentoring. Students generally disagreed that similar ethnicity and gender were important personal characteristics in a mentoring relationship. Conclusions: Practitioners play a key role in mentoring athletic training students; though the mentoring role of practitioners is multidimensional. The effectiveness of a mentoring relationship can likely be improved by provided consistent availability and contact, by caring about a student's development, and by taking adequate time to communicate effectively. While doing this, athletic training practitioners should be cognizant that athletic training students do not necessarily value the mentoring roles of providing tutoring, friendship, confrontation, information delivery and problem solving assistance in comparison to the other mentoring roles evaluated. Furthermore, the focus should be on the development of a professional and nurturing relationship that is not overly confrontational but is challenging
Developing an Ethics Curriculum Using Learner-Centered Pedagogy
Authors: Fornari Alice
Published: August 2021

Objective: Ethics education is an essential component of educational preparation for health care professionals. Learner-centered pedagogy can assist in the development of curricula that actively engage and challenge learners appropriately. This article describes a method for developing a case-based ethics curriculum that highlights the 5 areas of dietetics practice. Methods: A critical incident reporting technique was adapted to solicit real ethical dilemmas facing nutrition professionals in their daily practices. Educators ranked the reported dilemmas for importance in a nutrition curriculum, discussed appropriate use in selected courses, and linked the dilemmas to the American Dietetic Association’s Code of Ethics. A representative curriculum was developed and further critiqued for content and design by selected experts both in nutrition education and in curriculum design. Results: Ninety-nine practitioners and 127 educators participated in the development of a learner-centered case-based ethics curriculum, representing a cross-section of the nutrition professionals with regard to gender, age, race/ethnic origin and highest academic degree. Applications: The curriculum developed can be a resource for educators to reinforce ethical decision-making early in students’ professional education and training. A similar curriculum development process could be used to develop case-based resources for the education of health care professionals in all areas and at all levels of training, including professional development.
Incorporating Patient Concerns into Discharge Plans: Evaluation of a Patient-Generated Checklist
Authors: Grimmer Karen , Dryden Lauren , Puntumetakul Runthip , Young Alexander , Guerin Michelle , Deenadayalan Yamini , Moss John
Published: August 2021

Background: This paper reports on the effectiveness of a checklist that assists patients to transition safely and sustainably from hospital to home. Methods: Medical wards in three tertiary public hospitals in metropolitan Adelaide provided subjects during 2004. Eligible patients were English-literate and aged at least 60 years, provided written informed consent and had an unplanned hospital admission for a new medical condition. Data was excluded post-hoc if subjects had another hospital readmission for the same condition within seven days of discharge. The study had a quasi-experimental study design in which each hospital acted as its own control. In each hospital, the first half of the study period measured the outcome of usual discharge planning practices (control phase), and the second half of the study period measured the outcome following administration of the checklist (intervention). Quantitative and qualitative (grounded theory) evaluation methods were used. Results: 464 potentially eligible patients were approached and 317 (63.3%) consented to participate (210 control and 107 intervention subjects). Post-hoc exclusion and loss to follow-up reflected 60% (control) and 42% (intervention) subjects. Unplanned readmission to hospital (post hoc exclusion) reflected 21% control and 39% intervention phase subjects. A key reason for loss to follow-up was inability to contact subjects seven days after discharge (29% control, 16% intervention phases). Complete outcome data was collected from 148 subjects. For patients with family/ friends who visited them in hospital, the checklist provided the opportunity for joint discussion and decision-making prior to discharge about daily living activities. These activities were often additional to formal discharge plans. The short duration of hospital admission, and generally poor health precluded many patients without family/ friends from obtaining maximum benefit from the checklist. Conclusion: The checklist improved patients’ preparedness for discharge, particularly when family/ friends were involved.
Health Focused Education and Counseling for a Patient Diagnosed as HIV Positive
Authors: Miller Thomas , Bousaada Kate , Rodriguez Lisa-Rose , Maggio Timothy , Chadwick Jeanne
Published: August 2021

AIDS is a chronic, life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Examined is a patient education and counseling model applied to a patient with AIDS. Offered is a model utilizing problem based questions, goals and objectives and applied theory that is summarized in an algorithm of care for the patient with AIDS. Stages of HIV infection are used to facilitate clinical evaluation and plan therapeutic interventions. The process of health-focused counseling involves a number of critical components: assessment, patient education, health focused counseling, treatment intervention, and follow-up. The use of the health focused education and counseling model has been found to be relevant and appropriate when considering the need to tailor patient education and treatment to evidenced based decisions for health professionals.
Attitudes of High School Ice Hockey Players Toward Mouthguard Usage
Authors: Miller Michael , Berry David , Tittler Julia , Gariepy Gretchen
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine Michigan High School ice hockey players’ attitudes regarding the use of mouthguards and to determine the effects of mouthguard type, player position, education, and usage time with respect to attitudes. Methods: A questionnaire measuring players’ attitudes toward mouthguards was sent to six member institutions of the Michigan State High School Athletic Association (MSHSAA) located in Southwest Michigan. Out of a total of 128 players listed on the rosters of the MSHSAA, 119 (93%) players returned the surveys, with 117 surveys used in the analyses (91%).Results: Approximately 25.6% of players reported wearing mouthguards 50% of the time or greater during practices and 80.3% wearing mouthguards 50% of the time or greater during games. Seventy-two percent of the subjects had never received educational information regarding mouthguards. A 2x2x3 ANOVA revealed no significant effect between player position, previous mouthguard education, and mouthguard type with respect to mouthguard attitudes. Independent t-tests revealed players wearing mouthguards greater than 50% of the time during practice and games had more positive attitudes toward mouthguards than those who wore mouthguards less than 50% of the time. Conclusion: No one specific factor affecting attitudes of mouthguard use was identified; however, the majority of the players had no previous education on mouthguard usage. Our results show a need for more educational interventional programs by healthcare providers, dentists, and coaches.
Quantifying Instructional Interventions in Pediatric Physical therapy with the Motor Teaching Strategies Coding Instrument (MTSCI-1): A Pilot Study
Authors: Larin Helena
Published: August 2021

Purpose: This paper presents the development and preliminary psychomotor testing of a new instrument, the Motor Teaching Strategies Coding Instrument (MTSCI-1), designed to quantitatively assess motor-teaching strategies used by physical therapists during therapeutic interventions with children. Method: The MTSCI-1 was developed to evaluate the use of strategies grounded in motor learning theories and concepts. The items were generated from a review of the literature. To evaluate reliability, two physical therapists used the MTSCI-1 to code videotaped treatment sessions of pediatric physical therapists. Kappa was calculated. Validation was examined by comparing scores of physical therapists with different years of experience. Results: The resulting instrument had two main sections: (a) task/movement characteristics, and (b) before-, during- and after-task strategies. Each activity trial was analyzed and frequency of strategies used was determined. Percentage of agreement and preliminary inter- and intra-rater reliability (κ=.66-.94) as well as content and construct validation were established. The instrument differentiated the use of some strategies among groups of physical therapists with varied years of experience. Conclusions: The MTSCI-1 may be considered in research studies to document the motor-teaching strategies of physical therapists. The MTSCI-1 may also facilitate the learning and training of therapists from various fields in the application of motor learning to maximize clients’ outcomes from their motor-teaching activities.
AN ANALYSIS OF EFL TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS RELATED TO THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS: A CASE STUDY AT A FOUNDATION UNIVERSITY IN TURKEY
Authors: YOĞUN Mehmet Salih
Published: August 2021

Decision-making process requires school leaders and teachers to approach problems in a systematic way with more attention as a part of their academic and administrative roles, duties and responsibilities. In this respect, it is inevitable for them to consider the complex nature of decision-making procedures that is reshaped again and again due to the stakeholders various social, educational, cultural and psychological backgrounds. Bearing these points in mind, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the EFL teachers’ perceptions of decision-making process and identify the decision-making style they follow. Additionally, it aspired after searching whether gender and teaching experience effect the EFL teachers’ decision-making styles. A qualitative case study design was applied for the present study in accordance with its purpose. 6 EFL teachers (3 females and 3 male) working at the School of Foreign Languages in a private university took part in this study as participants. Collected data was analysed with Creswell’s (2012) inductive content analysis. The findings reached as a result of the study revealed that teachers’ perceptions of decision-making process were categorized under four headings. They were (1) the careful consideration of the situation, (2) involvement of all the parties, (3) reacting to an undesired situation, and (4) feeling responsible. It was also observed that while the men utilized rational decision-making style, the women preferred dependent decision-making style. Additionally, according to the findings, all of the participants stated that teaching experience had a positive correlation with decision-making process which means that the more experience teachers have, the more successful and effective decisions they take.
Phytochemical, Antinutrients, Food Toxicants Analysis and Comparative Efficacy of Methanol Extracts of Selected Vegetables of Adamawa State Nigeria on the Haematological Parameters of Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ngozi Nwankwo Rita , Ene Ocheola-Oki Joyce , Tunrayo Monsurat Moshod
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Phytochemicals present in vegetables has been associated with the health potentials of leafy vegetables. Diabetes has been implicated with increased oxidative stress leading to alteration of haematological parameters among other complications. This study investigated the phytochemicals, antinutrients and toxicants contents of methanol extracts of Hibiscus cannabinus, Adansonia digitata, Sesamum indicum and Cassia tora leaves and compared the effect of their leaves extract on some haematological parameters of alloxan – induced diabetic rats using standard methods of analysis.Methodology: Fifty-five (55) male albino rats weighing 120 – 150g divided into 11 groups of five rats each were used.  One diabetic untreated rat group, one diabetic group treated with standard drug ,8 diabetic groups treated with graded doses of the vegetable extracts and one normal group as control. All the groups received water and feed ad libitum together with their various treatments for 23 days. At the end of the experiment, blood was taken from the rats for determination of PCV, Hb, WBC, and RBC. ANOVA was used to separate the means of all the data collected with significance at p< 0.05 using Statistical Package for Scientist and Engineers (SPSE) version 9.1.Results: Results showed reasonable levels of phytochemicals, antinutrient and toxicants levels within WHO safe limits. Results of animal studies showed that administration of 500mg of Hibiscus cannabinus leaf extract increased the PCV, HB, WBC and RBC of diabetic rats more than all the other vegetable extracts (p<0.05). It also improved the WBC and RBC better than standard drug. This shows that Hibiscus cannabinus leaf extract might improve some haematological parameters associated with diabetes mellitus, however its inhibitory effect on higher dose raised concern for further investigation.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Hibiscus cannabinus leaf extract could be used in the dietary management of haematological abnormalities associated with the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus by health care systems
INFLUENCE OF SOCIO ECONOMIC FACTORS ON STAPLE FOOD PRODUCTION. A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: KIMANI JAMES
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Agricultural management practices are key for higher production and are influenced by training as well as financial resources which enable farmers to adopt better practices as well as new farming methods. The general objective of the study was to the study was to establish influence of socio economic factors on staple food production..

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: The study found out that most of the farmers were marginalized on gender, age and education and still suffers inequalities in the development ladder. Gender inequality is still in existence and plays a major role in placing the women in informal sectors, in limited wages employment activities it is an outstanding factor that plays a major role in food insecurity at house hold level. Land is a major resource for food production and majority of the small scale farmers’ occupied land that was self-owned which was less than 1 acre and was not adequate for food production for sustainable food security

Recommendations: The study recommends that that the extension services should be improved through retraining of existing extension workers , increasing the number of the extension service providers at farm levels .The government should also increase the facilitation of extension service so as to enable service delivery through training, demonstration , farm visit as well as group trainings amongst other training avenues so as to ensure the farmers are equipped with the right knowledge and technology for staple food production
Population Dynamics of the Caroun Croaker Johnius carouna (Cuvier, 1830) in Coastal Fishing Ground in the Middle Gulf of Thailand
Authors: SAWUSDEE Amonsak , RATTANARAT Jantira
Published: August 2021

The stock status of coastal species is currently of high concern among the people. In the Gulf of Thailand, Croakers are important economic species commonly found in the coastal fishing ground, especially in Nakhon Si Thammarat province. The population dynamics of the Caroun croaker, Johnius carouna (Cuvier, 1830), was investigated using length-frequency distribution data collected from February 2019 to January 2020. The length-weight relationship equation suggested that J. carouna is isometric growth. The asymptotic total length (L∞) and curvature growth (K) were 22.28 cm and 0.72 year-1, respectively. Based on L∞ and K, the total mortality rate during the study period was estimated at 3.66 year-1; natural mortality and fishing mortality rates were estimated at 1.62 and 1.74 year-1, respectively. While biological data revealed that matured size was 15.3 cm, the fishing data suggested that the average catch size (15.12 cm) was slightly smaller than the matured size. The exploitation rate was 0.52 year-1. The result from this research suggests that current fishing pressure is slightly high. This study suggested that increasing catch size by increasing mesh size of gillnets seems to be a better solution to improve J. carouna stock in Thasala fishing ground in the future.
HIGHLIGHTS

The first report onJohnius carouna fishery biology in coastal fishing ground in the middle Gulf of Thailand
Johniuscarouna is an isometric fish
Matured size of Johniuscarouna  is 15.3 cm
Current fishing pressure on Johniuscarouna is slightly high

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
An Adaptive Genetic Algorithm with Recursive Feature Elimination Approach for Predicting Malaria Vector Gene Expression Data Classification using Support Vector Machine Kernels
Authors: AROWOLO Micheal Olaolu , ADEBIYI Marion Olubunmi , NNODIM Chiebuka Timothy , ABDULSALAM Sulaiman Olaniyi , ADEBIYI Ayodele Ariyo
Published: August 2021

As mosquito parasites breed across many parts of the sub-Saharan Africa part of the world, infected cells embrace an unpredictable and erratic life period. Millions of individual parasites have gene expressions. Ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) is a popular transcriptional technique that has improved the detection of major genetic probes. The RNA-seq analysis generally requires computational improvements of machine learning techniques since it computes interpretations of gene expressions. For this study, an adaptive genetic algorithm (A-GA) with recursive feature elimination (RFE) (A-GA-RFE) feature selection algorithms was utilized to detect important information from a high-dimensional gene expression malaria vector RNA-seq dataset. Support Vector Machine (SVM) kernels were used as the classification algorithms to evaluate its predictive performances. The feasibility of this study was confirmed by using an RNA-seq dataset from the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. The technique results in related performance had 98.3 and 96.7 % accuracy rates, respectively.
HIGHLIGHTS

Dimensionality reduction method based of feature selection
Classification using Support vector machine
Classification of malaria vector dataset using an adaptive GA-RFE-SVM

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Sovyetler Birliği’nde Propaganda ve Ajit-Trenler
Authors: Özdemir Burcu
Published: August 2021

1917 yılındaki Ekim devriminin başarı ile sonuçlanması, Geçici Hükümet döneminin karmaşa ve belirsizliklerine son verdi ve Bolşevikleri iktidarın tek sahibi haline getirdi. Ancak bu sadece bir başlangıçtı. Bolşevikler, yeni bir düzeni -sosyalist bir toplumu- inşa etmek üzere yola çıkmıştı. Bu da şu anlama geliyordu: Sovyetler Birliği’nde siyasal ve ekonomik sisteminin yanı sıra, toplumsal ve kültürel alanda da köklü bir değişime ihtiyaç vardı. Bolşevik yöneticilerin, böylesine zor bir hedefi gerçekleştirilebilmek için her türlü vasıtadan istifade etmesi şaşırtıcı değildir. Nitekim Sovyet yöneticileri yeni politikalarını uygulamaya koyarken, bunların toplum tarafından da absorbe edilmesi için çalışmak zorunda kaldılar. Bu bakımdan, Bolşeviklerin iktidara geldikleri andan itibaren çabalarının yoğunlaştığı konulardan biri, Çarlık otokrasisi altında yüzyıllar boyunca cahil bırakılmış halkı eğitimli hale getirmek için bir seferberlik başlatmak oldu. Ancak bu, zor ve dahası uzun vadeli bir çözümdü. Oysaki, ilk yıllarda ciddi bir iç ve dış tehdit altında bulunan devrimin hayatta kalabilmesi için, daha acil bir çözüme ihtiyaç vardı. Sovyet yöneticilerine göre bunun en etkili ve kısa vadeli yöntemi, her türlü propaganda yönteminden istifade etmekti. Sovyetler Birliği’nde halk arasında ajitasyon ve propaganda çalışmalarını yürütmek üzere, “Ajitasyon ve Propaganda Birimi” (Ajit-prop) kuruldu. Bununla birlikte, Sovyetler Birliği’nde propaganda çalışmalarına yardımcı olmak, her bir Sovyet kurumunun ve her bir Sovyet vatandaşının başlıca vazifelerinden biriydi. İç Savaş yıllarında faaliyete geçirilen ajit-trenler de tam olarak bu amaca hizmet etti. Trenlerin esas işlevi, halkı Sovyet iktidarının yanına çekmek ve Sovyet ideolojisinin propagandasını yapmaktı.
Bu çalışma, Sovyetler Birliği’nde propagandanın kritik seviyedeki öneminin sebepleri, Sovyet propagandasının diğer ülkelerdeki propaganda tekniklerinden ayrılan yönleri ve esas olarak Sovyetler Birliği’ndeki propaganda çalışmalarında en sıra dışı olanlarından biri, “Ajit-trenler” (Rusça: agitpoyezd; İngilizce: agit-train) ve bu trenlerin Sovyet halkı arasındaki ideolojik propagandada nasıl bir rol oynadığı üzerine odaklanmaktadır