bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standard Chemoradiation and Conventional Brachytherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: Is It Still Applicable in the Era of Magnetic Resonance–Based Brachytherapy?
Authors: Mittal Prachi , Chopra Supriya , Pant Sidharth , Mahantshetty Umesh , Engineer Reena , Ghosh Jaya , Gupta Sudeep , Ghadi Yogesh , Menachery Siji , Swamidas Jamema , Gurram Lavanya , Shrivastava Shyam Kishore
Published: June 2018

Purpose

Recent guidelines recommend magnetic resonance imaging–based brachytherapy (MRBT) for locally advanced cervical cancer. However, its implementation is challenging within the developing world. This article reports the outcomes of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with chemoradiation and point A–based brachytherapy (BT) using x-ray– or computed tomography–based planning.

Methods

Patients treated between January 2014 and December 2015 were included. Patients underwent x-ray– or computed tomography–based BT planning with an aim to deliver equivalent doses in 2 Gy (EQD2) > 84 Gy10 to point A while minimizing maximum dose received by rectum or bladder to a point or 2 cc volume to < 75 Gy EQD2 and < 90 Gy EQD2, respectively. The impact of known prognostic factors was evaluated.

Results

A total of 339 patients were evaluated. Median age was 52 (32 to 81) years; 52% of patients had stage IB2 to IIB and 48% had stage III to IVA disease. There was 85% compliance with chemoradiation, and 87% of patients received four or more cycles. Median point A dose was 84 (64.8 to 89.7) Gy. The median rectal and bladder doses were 73.5 (69.6 to 78.4) Gy3 and 83 (73.2 to 90.0) Gy3, respectively. At a median follow-up of 28 (4 to 45) months, the 3-year local, disease-free, and overall survival for stage IB to IIB disease was 94.1%, 83.3%, and 82.7%, respectively. The corresponding rates for stage III to IVA were 85.1%, 60.7%, and 69.6%. Grade III to IV proctitis and cystitis were observed in 4.7% and 0% of patients, respectively.

Conclusion

This audit demonstrates good 3-year outcomes that are comparable to published MRBT series. Conventional BT with selective use of interstitial needles and MRBT should continue as standard procedures until level-I evidence for MRBT becomes available.
Assessing the performance of MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods. 8. Predicting binding free energies and poses of protein–RNA complexes
Authors: Chen Fu , Sun Huiyong , Wang Junmei , Zhu Feng , Liu Hui , Wang Zhe , Lei Tailong , Li Youyong , Hou Tingjun
Published: June 2018

Molecular docking provides a computationally efficient way to predict the atomic structural details of protein–RNA interactions (PRI), but accurate prediction of the three-dimensional structures and binding affinities for PRI is still notoriously difficult, partly due to the unreliability of the existing scoring functions for PRI. MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA are more theoretically rigorous than most scoring functions for protein–RNA docking, but their prediction performance for protein–RNA systems remains unclear. Here, we systemically evaluated the capability of MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA to predict the binding affinities and recognize the near-native binding structures for protein–RNA systems with different solvent models and interior dielectric constants (εin). For predicting the binding affinities, the predictions given by MM/GBSA based on the minimized structures in explicit solvent and the GBGBn1model withεin= 2 yielded the highest correlation with the experimental data. Moreover, the MM/GBSA calculations based on the minimized structures in implicit solvent and the GBGBn1model distinguished the near-native binding structures within the top 10 decoys for 117 out of the 148 protein–RNA systems (79.1%). This performance is better than all docking scoring functions studied here. Therefore, the MM/GBSA rescoring is an efficient way to improve the prediction capability of scoring functions for protein–RNA systems.
aMatReader: Importing adjacency matrices via Cytoscape Automation
Authors: Settle Brett , Otasek David , Morris John H , Demchak Barry
Published: June 2018

Adjacency matrices are useful for storing pairwise interaction data, such as correlations between gene pairs in a pathway or similarities between genes and conditions. The aMatReader app enables users to import one or multiple adjacency matrix files into Cytoscape, where each file represents an edge attribute in a network. Our goal was to import the diverse adjacency matrix formats produced by existing scripts and libraries written in R, MATLAB, and Python, and facilitate importing that data into Cytoscape. To accelerate the import process, aMatReader attempts to predict matrix import parameters by analyzing the first two lines of the file. We also exposed CyREST endpoints to allow researchers to import network matrix data directly into Cytoscape from their language of choice. Many analysis tools deal with networks in the form of an adjacency matrix, and exposing the aMatReader API to automation users enables scripts to transfer those networks directly into Cytoscape with little effort.
The Texas Conservation Plan has not slowed oil and gas well development in dunes sagebrush lizard habitat
Authors: Malcom Jacob , Moskwik Matthew
Published: June 2018

Background: The dunes sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus arenicolus) is an imperiled species that is restricted to shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) sand dune habitats in southeastern New Mexico and West Texas, USA. This region is also a hotspot of oil and gas development that is a major threat to the species.

Methods: Here we use well data and a natural experiment to test the effectiveness of voluntary conservation agreements for slowing or stopping oil and gas well approval in the lizard’s habitat in New Mexico and Texas.

Results: We show that the Candidate Conservation Agreement (CCA) and CCA with Assurances in New Mexico, both of which contain strong avoidance mechanisms, are associated with a steep decline in oil and gas well approval in the New Mexico portion of the lizard’s range, but not outside the lizard’s range. By contrast, the Texas Conservation Plan (TCP), which does not include mandatory avoidance, is not associated with any decline of oil and gas well approval in the lizard's Texas range relative to the broader landscape.

Conclusions: These results indicate that the TCP is insufficient to conserve the lizard in Texas, thereby jeopardizing genetic and geographic representation across the range of the species.
Estudo comparativo de programas de formação de professores para a escolarização de surdos (Brasil – França)
Authors: Silva Yrlla Ribeiro de Oliveira Carneiro da
Published: June 2018

O artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa de pós-doutorado realizado na Université Paris Descartes em 2017/2018. Esta teve por finalidade discutir a formação de professores para atuar na escolarização de surdos, usando como metodologia o estudo comparado entre o Brasil e a França. Nossas análises se fundamentaram em documentos legais, documentos institucionais, entrevistas e observação. Através desta pesquisa foi possível identificar e analisar as principais instituições, brasileiras e francesas, que propõem uma formação de professores para atuar com surdos. Alguns aspectos se destacaram nas análises: a existência de um número pequeno de programas de formação de professores, muito aquém da necessidade destes dois países, dado o modelo de inclusão presente em ambos; o lugar que ocupa a língua de sinais nas propostas de formação, já que em algumas ela é inexistente e em outras ela é colocada como ponto crucial e a importância consagrada a temas centrais nos estudos do campo da surdez, tais como: especificidade lingüística, cultura surda, identidade surda e bilingüismo, questões estas que são tratados com maior ou menor foco nas experiências estudadas. Neste artigo optamos por apresentar apenas dois programas de formação: o primeiro de uma instituição brasileira, presente em todo o território nacional e uma instituição francesa, esta responsável pela formação dos professores da educação pública de todo o país.
As mutações constitucionais inconstitucionais e o “efeito backlash” | Unconstitutional mutations and the backlash effect
Authors: Sales Tainah Simões , Araújo Martins Luana Adélia , Acácio Ingrid Thayná de Freitas
Published: June 2018

Além das mudanças formalmente previstas, as constituições podem assumir significados novos, sem que haja alteração formal do texto. Trata-se do fenômeno da mutação constitucional. Inevitável para a manutenção da ordem constitucional, as mutações devem ser analisadas com cautela em razão de duas questões principais: a existência de mutações constitucionais inconstitucionais e o efeito backlash. O objetivo deste artigo, portanto, é a discussão dessas duas questões e de seus impactos negativos para a sociedade. Realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica, descritiva, pura, quantitativa e qualitativa. Não se tem a pretensão de esgotar o estudo ou de buscar respostas a todas as questões que o tema suscita, mas de fomentar o debate e levar o leitor à reflexão sobre como frear os impactos negativos que as mutações constitucionais desenfreadas podem gerar à sociedade.
Gonzales, Procurador Geral, e outros v. Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal e outros
Authors: Fagundes André
Published: June 2018

Tradução inédita do acórdão da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos envolvendo a liberação do chá "hoasca". Tal decisão é considerada a mais importante do último século envolvendo a liberdade religiosa nos Estados Unidos, pois excepciona o uso de uma substância proibida pela Convenção da ONU sobre Substâncias Psicotrópicas em favor do exercício sincero da religião.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE TENDÊNCIAS PROTECIONISTAS PARA O SETOR TÊXTIL A PARTIR DA ANÁLISE DAS NOTIFICAÇÕES AO ACORDO TBT/WTO
Authors: Fermam Dr. Ricardo Kropf Santos
Published: June 2018

Com a liberalização do comércio internacional de produtos têxteis, em 2005, o setor se vê num cenário onde se faz necessário conhecer as tendências regulatórias dos países, em termos de exigências técnicas, a fim de poder ter acesso aos mercados importadores desses produtos. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo identificar tendências de conteúdo de futuras exigências técnicas para o setor, com base nas notificações das medidas propostas por todos os países membros da OMC, desde 2005 até 2017, no âmbito do Acordo sobre Barreiras Técnicas ao Comércio da OMC.
BIM COMO INTERFACE COLABORATIVA NO CURSO DE ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO DO IFF
Authors: Pereira Filho Zander Ribeiro , Izabel Barreto Ana Júlia Carvalhido
Published: June 2018

A partir do pressuposto de que a interdisciplinaridade é importante para a formação profissional do futuro arquiteto-urbanista, conhecer novas tecnologias e vivenciar novas metodologias de ensino torna-se fundamental para o êxito deste processo. Diante destes desafios, o BIM (Building Information Modeling) se apresenta como uma plataforma colaborativa capaz de auxiliar neste sentido. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho visa expor as experiências reais vivenciadas na aplicação de uma atividade interdisciplinar no curso de arquitetura e urbanismo do Instituto Federal Fluminense (IFF). Para isto, foi desenvolvido um projeto-piloto interdisciplinar no qual os professores utilizaram o mesmo modelo em suas disciplinas. A metodologia adotada neste trabalho conteve revisão bibliográfica; análise de cenário; pesquisa-ação e observação monitorada, envolvendo 3 professores e 40 alunos do curso. O primeiro resultado alcançado se deu no segundo semestre letivo de 2015, quando os estudantes desenvolveram na disciplina de Informática aplicada à arquitetura e urbanismo III, o modelo BIM de arquitetura do projeto-piloto. Posteriormente, este modelo acompanhou a turma, sendo utilizado nas disciplinas de Sistemas Estruturais II e Instalações Prediais II. Em razão da fase atual da pesquisa, foram apresentados apenas os resultados das disciplinas que colaboraram no momento deste estudo, logo surgirão novos resultados envolvendo as demais disciplinas analisadas. Por fim, as experiências observadas até o momento, tem contribuído para que os estudantes entendam a importância do desenvolvimento integrado entre o projeto de arquitetura e os projetos complementares.
For the thrill of it
Authors: Tovey Helen
Published: June 2018

In an increasingly risk-averse culture, early years expert Helen Tovey explores what risk is, and its benefits
Under the hammer
Authors: Moorhouse Pete
Published: June 2018

How can settings provide woodwork in a developmentally beneficial and safe way? Pete Moorhouse offers some tips
Resiliência Organizacional: Análise Bibliométrica de Artigos Publicados no Portal Scopus
Authors: Turra Salete , Da Silva Marcia Zanievicz
Published: June 2018

A pesquisa objetiva verificar os perfis dos estudos sobre o tema resiliência organizacional, publicados na base de dados Scopus no período de 1992 a 2015. Quanto às categorias de análise, foram estabelecidas as seguintes: distribuição da produção no período, distribuição geográfica da produção científica, distribuição científica por subárea do conhecimento, produtividade por autor, artigos com maior impacto, idade e volume de citações, artigos por revista, frequência de palavras-chave e, por fim, uma análise qualitativa dos artigos de resiliência organizacional publicados, especificamente, na área da contabilidade. Os resultados, entre outros aspectos, apontam que a produção científica em resiliência organizacional tem evoluído consideravelmente. A análise qualitativa realizada nas pesquisas de resiliência organizacional encontrou quatro estudos relacionados à contabilidade gerencial, constatando que a resiliência é empregada como resistência ou uma forma de resistir a uma mudança, e que a contabilidade pode contribuir em termos de gerenciamento da resiliência organizacional.
Legume Nosso de Cada Dia: O Hortifruti na História do Mercado Central de Belo Horizonte à Gestão Ordinária Desse Sujeito no Cotidiano
Authors: Vale Luciana Maria Eliza do , Joaquim Nathália de Fátima
Published: June 2018

Para analisar o cotidiano e as formas de gestão adotadas no Mercado Central de Belo Horizonte, partimos das narrativas de sujeitos simples para compreender este complexo contexto da cotidianidade. Por meio da história oral, investigamos as práticas de gestão ordinária, táticas e estratégias, bem como o manejo do negócio familiar e seus sentidos, tendo como pano de fundo a história do Mercado como centro de abastecimento da cidade. Ao analisar essas práticas, o que permanece são os saberes, os hábitos, as regras, as táticas e as estratégias de sobrevivência, os mecanismos de resistência, por vezes a opressão vivida no cotidiano, mas, acima de tudo, as práticas que surgem no/do cotidiano. Assim, a principal contribuição deste trabalho é a análise da gestão sob a ótica das práticas cotidianas, pois, a partir delas, se percebe que o “negociar” é muito mais amplo do que previam as escolas de administração.
Thinking fashion photographs through queer affect theory
Authors: Filippello Roberto
Published: June 2018

In this article, I suggest that the commonly used approaches to the study of fashion photographs could be fruitfully enriched by juxtaposing them with affect theory. I conduct a theoretical investigation of the benefits that affect theory, and in particular the strand articulated by queer theorists, may bring to the reflections on fashion photographs. I do so in a twofold way: by intertwining traditional visual analysis with an affective reading grounded in corporeal experience; and by illustrating how the queer affects circulating in fashion photographs might foreground issues of gender and sexuality and unfold possibilities of queer attachment. Two very different case studies, a photo spread by Corinne Day for The Face and the Gucci Pre-Fall 2016 advertising campaign, are chosen to explore how a specific affective register, i.e. ‘flat affect’, embedded in the images, might open up possibilities for envisioning queer aesthetic futures.
How to do humans with fashion: Towards a posthuman critique of fashion
Authors: Vänskä Annamari
Published: June 2018

Since the publication of Li Edelkoort’s Anti Fashion Manifesto (2015), fashion scholars are increasingly asking what will become of fashion in the third millennium. Has fashion ended, like Edelkoort claims, or, should we understand fashion differently? The article sees Edelkoort’s manifesto as representative of a moment when fashion scholarship entered a self-critical stage that aimed to redefine fashion beyond consumerism. Recent critiques of fashion have specifically focused on the lack of sustainability and have called for a more ecological and ethical production of fashion. The article argues that while this is a positive development, it is not enough. Alongside the changing landscape of manufacturing, a new definition of fashion beyond the commodity is also needed. The article shifts focus from understanding fashion as a means of constantly reconstructing one’s identity through hectically changing trends (commercial self-fashioning) to understanding fashion as a form of critical thinking and as a sustained process of conceptualizing, defining and contesting the limits of the human and humanity (fashioning the human). The article argues that this shift needs new theoretical frameworks. It therefore tests posthumanist theory to rethink what fashion can mean. It explains the theoretical points through examples where the act of becoming human is negotiated: evolutionary theory, the Bible, childhood and pet dogs. In doing so, the article aims to reconceptualize fashion as an act of hominization and as a theory of the human.
A decade of challenges and possibilities: Establishing fashion studies at Stockholm University
Authors: Wallenberg Louise
Published: June 2018

This article offers a recount of the establishment and the development of the Centre for Fashion Studies at Stockholm University, Sweden, inaugurated in 2006. The centre, which was initially located in conjunction with the Department of Art History and later at the Department of Media Studies, has often been referred to as the very ‘first’ fashion studies institution ever to be positioned within the university (and not within a design school context). The article reflects on the possibilities, challenges and difficulties that creating and developing a space for a ‘new’ field have entailed – both within the local context (in this case, a rather traditional university context) and within a larger scholarly context (which, to a large extent, is dominated by Anglo-American institutions). Where does one look for inspiration? With whom does one create alliances to be able to offer a solid fashion studies ground (when there is none)? Also, how does one create curricula that both include and deviate from the ‘canon’ of previous fashion studies so that the Anglo-American dominance becomes less prominent?
Entanglement, affect and experience: Walking and wearing (shoes) as experimental research methodology
Authors: Sampson Ellen
Published: June 2018

Wearing is fundamental to our experience of cloth and of clothing; though we experience our garments through other senses it is a relationship predicated on touch. It is through the tactile experience of our garments that we come to know them; to comprehend texture, fit and form. Drawing upon both a phenomenological and a psychoanalytic approach to touch and wear this article examines the possibility of wearing as a methodology for practice and performance based research, wearing as a means of ‘doing’ research. This article presents the act of wearing, the embodied experience of clothing and the body together, as a tool for developing knowledge, of ‘being in’ or ‘being with’ rather than observing from outside. Building on the work of phenomenologists Schilder and Merleau-Ponty, it proposes a methodology of entanglement – a methodology that draws upon and abstracts the idea of participant observation. This article explores the possibility of a wearing-based research, as an addendum or adjunct to the more widely understood practice and performance based research. It asks if wearing as a research practice might open up new avenues in fashion and textile knowledge, uncovering different aspects of our lived experience of cloth and clothes. What might the parameters of wearing as performance practice be and how might it differ from wearing as a habitual embodied experience.
Las políticas públicas ante el Poder Judicial
Authors: Resende De Barros Sérgio
Published: June 2018

Este artículo analiza los parámetros de actuación del Poder Judicial en el examen de políticas públicas procedentes de principios constitucionales programáticos. Se busca establecer la visión de que la anterior situación de inmunidad “discrecional” del administrador público ahora tiende a ceder ante un nuevo parecer respecto a la legalidad administrativa e de las políticas públicas, las cuales buscan hacer efectivos en la práctica social los derechos difusos, previstos en la Constitución brasileña de 1988. La conclusión expresada en el artículo es que la imposibilidad de que el juez indague el mérito del acto administrativo, lo que procede de una ideología liberal no intervencionista, viene venciéndose por la jurisprudencia, abriendo espacios para una concepción principiológica de que el Poder Judicial puede analizar razones de conveniencia y oportunidad. En ese sentido, la orientación que se construye a lo largo del trabajo es que el magistrado puede y debe ordenar que el administrador público proceda a motivar la imposibilidad de implementación de políticas públicas, especialmente cuando involucren derechos indisponibles individuales o colectivos.
La identificación de las responsabilidades políticas e institucionales por las graves violaciones de derechos humanos durante la dictadura en Brasil (1964-1985). La contribución del Informe de la Comisión Nacional de la Verdad
Authors: Saboia Martins André
Published: June 2018

El presente artículo discute la contribución del Informe de la Comisión Nacional de la Verdad (CNV) a la identificación de las responsabilidades de autoridades que, a un alto nivel gubernamental, determinaron, permitieron y controlaron la práctica de graves violaciones de derechos humanos durante la dictadura en Brasil (1964 - 1985). El perfil del artículo es histórico, político y jurídico, utilizando como fuentes documentos y testimonios mencionados por la CNV en su Informe.
La nueva sala de aula
Authors: Niskier Arnaldo
Published: June 2018

No sólo la escritura ha evolucionado con las nuevas tecnologías. El lector también se ha transformado. Es necesario buscar una nueva forma de ver la Educación, ya que los alumnos de hoy no son los mismos de antes. La preocupación  que permanece es: nuestros niños, en la mayoría de las escuelas, no están aprendiendo a pensar, sacrificando, de alguna forma, la existencia de un desarrollo científico y tecnológico prometedor. El nativo tecnológico no es sólo un consumidor, sino que quiere participar. Ante de la pluralidad de opciones en el mundo occidental, ¿cómo tomar decisiones correctas? La Educación debe tratar ese aspecto.
Estudios contemporáneos sobre la población brasileña en Portugal: procesos de identidad, clase, género y raza
Authors: Vaz Feijó Glauco
Published: June 2018

El artículo identifica tres temas en torno a los estudios sobre inmigración brasileña a Portugal: clase y trabajo, género y prostitución y procesos de identidad. En el primer tema, se considera la división de los flujos migratorios a Portugal en dos "olas" diferenciadas por la pertenencia de clase de los sujetos migrantes. En el segundo tema, género y prostitución, se pone en cuestión la pregunta abierta sobre la genealogía de la "marca de la prostitución" que estigmatizaría a la inmigración brasileña. En el tercer tema se abordan los procesos de identidad desde la ambivalencia del mestizaje, componente de una imaginada identidad brasileña y de una imaginada identidad portuguesa.
Solicitantes de asilo y sus familias en Bodo, Noruega ¿Sin espacio para la resiliencia?
Authors: Valencia Londoño Paula Andrea , Salazar Serna Karla
Published: June 2018

En la última década, millones de personas en el mundo han sido desplazadas por la violencia de sus lugares de origen, aumentando la demanda de asilo internacional. Ante tal situación, los países Europeos han endurecido sus políticas migratorias, aumentando el número de personas que permanecen en sus territorios bajo la condición de solicitantes de asilo. Este artículo busca identificar, a partir de un estudio cualitativo realizado en 2013 en Bodo (Noruega), los límites a los procesos de resiliencia de la población en esta condición; desde lo individual, explorando sus formas de vida en el lugar de llegada y los condicionamientos que ofrece la política de atención; y desde lo familiar, a partir de las pérdidas y rupturas derivadas de la migración forzada y la política de dispersión implementada por el país de acogida. Se concluye cómo los recursos individuales, colectivos e institucionales inciden de forma directa sobre los procesos de resiliencia y las dinámica de inclusión social.
Differences between sheep and red deer in in vitro apparent and true digestibility of commonly used red deer feeds
Authors: LAVRENČIČ Andrej , VETERNIK Darko
Published: June 2018

The nutritive value of red deer feeds is frequently determined by sheep despite the ultimate arbitrator of the nutritive value of any feed is the host animal. The objective of the trial was to determine the influence of rumen fluid donor (sheep vs red deer) on in vitro dry matter (DMD), neutral-detergent fibre (NDFD) and true digestibility (ivTD) of eleven substrata, naturally occurring in Slovenian forests (chestnut fruits, acorns of common and sessile oak, two fresh grasses) and those frequently used in supplemental red deer feeding (two grass hays and two grass silages, apple pomace and sugar beet roots). Only the fresh grass from Jelendol had greater (p < 0.05) DMD (646 vs 508 g/kg) when incubated in red deer inoculum. The NDFD and ivTD were always numerically greater when substrates were incubated in red deer inocula, however the NDFD and ivTD were significantly greater (p < 0.05) only when fresh grass from Jelendol (590 vs 343 g/kg and 801 vs 681 g/kg, respectively), grass silage from Kokra (541 vs 359 g/kg and 742 vs 639 g/kg, respectively) and apple pomace (428 vs 328 g/kg and 704 vs 653 g/kg, respectively) were incubated in the inoculum prepared from red deer rumen contents. These results indicate that rumen fluid from sheep can be used to predict in vitro digestibility in red deer and that these parameters can be used in the formulation of deer diets.
Analysis of Changes in Fiber Density Distribution in a Cotton Combed Spinning System Using Modified Regulation of the Sliver Draft
Authors: Idzik Marek
Published: June 2018

Shortening the technological spinning processes, aiming at the reduction in production costs, causes problems with keeping up a high quality of yarn. Of great significance is the use of autolevellers that not only equalize the distribution of fiber linear density but also straighten the fibers and lay them parallel to the product axis. Consequently, they replace the machines eliminated from technological lines and contribute to the improvement in the quality of intermediate products and yarns. Using an example of the cotton combed spinning system, the article presents the analysis of the possibilities of using a short-term autoleveller with a modified operation algorithm that takes into account the phenomenon of sliver retardation after the process of short-term regulation. The regulation of draft was used before and after combing. The quality parameters of slivers used for feeding roving frames or rotor spinning machines were analyzed.
Electron density: historical remarks with a focus on the Berlin school
Authors: Zobel Dieter , Strumpel Marianna
Published: June 2018

The history of electron density (ED) research is surveyed and its historical highlights in the 20th century are summarized. The progress, reached at the beginnig of the 21st century, is described including contributions from the Berlin school. Key experimental advances concern X-ray sources and synchrotron radiation, measuring reflection data at very low temperatures (down to ~10 K), as well as the introduction of area detectors. Methodological progress was reached by new software systems for the refinement and analysis of ED data sets. This allowed to obtain quantitative ED properties, making use of Bader’s Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM). More recently methods, which combine experimental X-ray data and quantum-chemically derived wave functions, established the rapidly developing new field of “Quantum Crystallography.”
Effects of a Hip Flexor Stretching Program on Running Kinematics in Individuals With Limited Passive Hip Extension
Authors: Mettler Jeffrey H. , Shapiro Robert , Pohl Michael B.
Published: June 2018

Mettler, JH, Shapiro, R, and Pohl, MB. Effects of a hip flexor stretching program on running kinematics in individuals with limited passive hip extension. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3338–3344, 2019—Tightness of the hip flexor muscle group may theoretically contribute to altered kinematics of the lumbo-pelvic-hip (LPH) complex during dynamic movements. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a 3-week home-based stretching program on passive hip extension and sagittal plane kinematics of the LPH complex when running. Twenty healthy subjects with limited passive hip extension underwent a 3D gait analysis both before (PRE) and after (POST) a hip flexor stretching program. After the stretching program, passive hip extension increased significantly (p < 0.001), whereas no improvements during running were reported for active hip extension, anterior pelvic tilt, or lumbar spine extension (p ≥ 0.05). In addition, no relationship was found between the change in passive hip extension with either the change in active hip extension, anterior pelvic tilt, or lumbar spine extension. A 3-week static stretching program of the hip flexor muscle group resulted in an increase in passive hip extension, but the sagittal plane kinematics of the LPH complex during running remained unchanged. The results suggest that passive hip joint flexibility may be of limited importance in determining the kinematics of the LPH complex during submaximal running. However, it is possible that an increase in the range of motion at the hip may be beneficial when running at or near maximal speeds.
Insight Into the Development and Competitiveness of Male UK-Based Stand-up Paddleboard Flatwater Distance Racing From 2013 to 2017
Authors: Dyer Bryce
Published: June 2018

Dyer, B. Insight into the development and competitiveness of male UK-based stand-up paddleboard flatwater distance racing from 2013 to 2017. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 535–541, 2021—An analysis of 2 stand-up paddleboard “distance” events was undertaken to investigate any change in their participation, racing behavior, and whether such events should be approached differently by practitioners. The completion time paddler-to-paddler gap was investigated as a means of assessing the performances in 2 flatwater distance events from 2013 to 2017. The level of participation at these events had not noticeably changed. An analysis indicated that both events did not significantly change in their completion time paddler-to-paddler range from year to year when looking at 3 subgroups (p > 0.05) and did not differ significantly in behavior when normalized against each other (p > 0.05). Post hoc tests revealed that the paddler time gaps at an event held in 2015 were significantly different when compared with all the other years it had taken place (p < 0.05). The use of a performance intensity chart indicated that there was different finishing paddler-to-paddler gap behavior between the 2 events. Ultimately, it is proposed that athletes and coaches should be aware that 2 events with the same generic classification of being designated a “distance event” may warrant different training methodologies and tactical decision-making.
Residual Strength and Fracture Toughness of 0.3C-CrMoV(ESR) Ultrahigh-Strength Steel Used for Solid Booster Motor Cases
Authors: Manikandan P. , Rao G. Sudarsana , Murty S. V. S. Narayana , Nayak Goutam , Mishra A. K. , Narayanan P. Ramesh , Ramkumar P. , Venkitakrishnan P. V.
Published: June 2018

0.3C-CrMoV(ESR) steel is an ultrahigh-strength low-alloy steel developed primarily for use as a cost-effective material for aerospace pressure vessel applications. These large-sized (Ø 2,800 mm) pressure vessels are manufactured by auto Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding of plates/end domes. During the welding process, defects are likely to be generated, which will reduce the strength of the material. Therefore, residual strength in the presence of a possible missed defect has to be analyzed to qualify the pressure vessel for aerospace applications. In order to evaluate the residual strength and fracture toughness of welded specimens using surface crack tension specimens, mechanical tests were conducted as per the ASTM E740/E740M-03(2010) standard, Standard Practice for Fracture Testing with Surface-Crack Tension Specimens. Plates of 7.6 mm were TIG welded with filler wire matching the chemical composition of the base metal. The welded plates were hardened at 920 ± 10°C and tempered at 505 ± 5°C. The material exhibited a 0.2 % proof strength of 1,417 MPa, ultimate strength of 1,466 MPa, residual strength (σr) of 1,301 MPa, and apparent fracture toughness (KIe) of 86.5 MPa√m in the presence of a surface crack, sized 6 by 2 mm.
Movimento Quilombola na Paraíba: algumas considerações sobre a organização social pelo direito à terra
Authors: Da Costa Iany Elizabeth
Published: June 2018

Neste artigo, apresentamos algumas considerações sobre a emergência do Movimento Quilombola na Paraíba, e no Brasil, a partir, das entidades representativas a CECNEQ (Paraíba) e a CONAQ (Brasil). Para isso, realizamos um levantamento teórico sobre a relação do Movimento Negro e do Movimento Quilombola, na luta por direitos sociais, por meio da crítica à categorização criada pela Constituição de 1988 e a necessidade de se ressignificar a identidade quilombola, por meio, da identidade de resistência. Visando compreender os avanços e limites no estudo dessas organizações sociais, a fim, de perceber como as antigas comunidades negras rurais adquirem espaço na luta dos movimentos sociais brasileiros, no pós-1988.Palavras-chave: Território Étnico, Movimento Quilombola, Direitos Sociais.
TERAPÊUTICA DA ESPOROTRICOSE: REVISÃO
Authors: Rosa Cristiano Silva da , Meinerz Ana Raquel Mano , Osório Luiza Da Gama , Cleff Marlete Brum , Meireles Mário Carlos Araújo
Published: June 2018

A esporotricose é considerada uma micose emergente de importância para a saúde pública, especialmente devido aos frequentes relatos zoonóticos envolvendo o felino doméstico. São crescentes as casuísticas animal e humana da micose, assim como os relatos de casos refratários à terapia convencional, principalmente nos casos de esporotricose felina. Nesse sentido, o trabalho descreve e discute as opções terapêuticas mais utilizadas, além de citar alternativas disponíveis para o tratamento da micose. Os resultados indicam ser o itraconazol o fármaco de primeira escolha, especialmente nos felinos domésticos, tendo o iodeto de potássio, terbinafina e cetoconazol como alternativas de tratamento. O estudo ressalta o uso da anfotericina B nos casos resistentes, assim como descreve as intervenções cirúrgicas e a termoterapia nos casos de falha terapêutica e quando as lesões eram localizadas. Com esses resultados o estudo conclui que dentre as terapias utilizadas para a esporotricose nos animais, o itraconazol mesmo com os crescentes relatos de falhas terapêuticas, permanece sendo o fármaco de primeira escolha, especialmente nos casos da micose em felinos. As demais opções são utilizadas nos casos mais graves da micose ou em situações em que o itraconazol não se mostra efetivo frente ao agente.
SÍNDROME DA MÁ ADAPTAÇÃO EM Caiman latirostris (JACARÉ-DO-PAPO-AMARELO)
Authors: Menezes Paulo Quadros de , Schulz Érica Thurow , Melz Gabriela Aline , Moretti Valéria Defavari , Zitelli Larissa Caló , Brauner Rodrigo Kegles , Coimbra Marco Antônio Afonso , Bandarra Paulo Mota
Published: June 2018

A Síndrome da má adaptação ao cativeiro em Caiman latirostris está relacionada ao estresse crônico, sendo suas causas mais comuns oscilações térmicas exageradas e recintos inadequados. O desencadeamento desta síndrome tem como consequência a depleção do organismo, levando a perda de peso, desenvolvimento de lesões ulcerativas rostrais, dermatites necróticas, apatia, anorexia, desidratação e morte. O prognóstico é reservado e o tratamento da anorexia é difícil, considerando a dificuldade por parte desses animais em se alimentar sozinhos. Um espécime de C. latirostris, fêmea, juvenil, medindo 45 centímetros de comprimento total, foi recebido pelo Núcleo de Reabilitação de Fauna Silvestre e Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (NURFS-CETAS/UFPEL) em março de 2017 e após passar por avaliação clínica e exames complementares, como raio-X e endoscopia, o indivíduo foi isolado por um período de duas semanas, em um recinto enriquecido, associado à minimização das contenções, a fim de estimular o aparecimento dos comportamentos típicos da espécie. Tal manejo teve efeito evidenciado no ganho de peso, atividade e independente alimentação do cativo.
Spiritualist Angels, Masonic Stars, and the Douglass Temple of Universal Brotherhood
Authors: Strom Sharon Hartman
Published: June 2018

Between 1900 and 1930, Los Angeles attracted thousands of white and black migrants from the Midwest and the South. Many had attachments to Protestant churches. But they also arrived with commitments to Freemasonry, Spiritualism, and social reform causes. This paper argues that these religionists in Los Angeles covered a broad spectrum of faiths, including Free Thought, innovative versions of Protestantism, and Freemasonry, and that traditional accounts of religion in the city have ignored these aspects of religious life and civic engagement. As World War I ushered in conservatism in every aspect of public life, the Los Angeles Times, the City Council, and the Protestant churches combined in an effort to squash these challenges to orthodoxy. In profiling two prominent Spiritualists, African American George W. Shields and white midwesterner Cynthia Lisetta Vose, this article illustrates the wide ranging civil and religious engagement of two committed Spiritualists. By the end of the 1920s, the fragmentation of Los Angeles neighborhoods and the growing racism of the city had nearly destroyed what had been a vigorous religion and a thriving commitment to progressive reform. Segregated white women's clubs and Freemasonry organizations turned the worship of California into a replacement for older forms of religious practice and civic engagement.
Deferred Lynching and the Moral High Ground in Charles W. Chesnutt’s The Marrow of Tradition
Authors: Seger Maria
Published: June 2018

Maria Seger, “Deferred Lynching and the Moral High Ground in Charles W. Chesnutt’s The Marrow of Tradition” (pp. 94–118)

As a literary trope, deferred lynching can attempt to establish lynching as a moral act: the deferral implies that mobs never lynch innocent men or that they always allow the law to take its course under normal (unexceptional) circumstances. But in some canonical literature at the end of the nineteenth century, the deferred lynching instead serves to critique this alleged morality of lynching. Throughout these texts, the persistent underlying threat of extralegal violence is revealed to undergird a system of exploitation on which racial capitalism depends. Taken together, then, this body of work featuring deferred lynching suggests how racial capitalism has managed to escape blame for extralegal violence for so long: by constructing its own generosity as the reason for lynching’s deferment rather than recognizing its structural role in inspiring and profiting from lynching violence. In Charles W. Chesnutt’s The Marrow of Tradition (1901), the deferred lynching of a black servant, brokered through a gentlemen’s agreement between elite white men, demonstrates that the forces encouraging the mob are not motivated by doing the right thing but instead by economic and political gain. But by deferring the lynching instead of executing it, the white elite maintains its claim to the moral high ground while still reaping the economic and political benefits that executed lynchings provided. In exposing the paradoxical rhetoric of lynching in this way, Chesnutt’s novel attends to the parallels between the white elite’s justification of lynching and the defense of unequal personhood and uneven risk under racial capitalism.
Managing hyperglycaemia in patients with diabetes and diabetic nephropathy–chronic kidney disease Summary of recommendations 2018
Authors: Winocour Peter , Bain Stephen C , Chowdhury Tahseen A , De Parijat , Pokrajac Ana , Fogarty Damian , Frankel Andrew , Banerjee Debasish , Wahba Mona , Dasgupta Indranil
Published: June 2018

The ABCD Renal Association guidelines on managing hyperglycaemia in patients with diabetes and kidney disease (DM CKD) are evidence based with recommendations graded accordingly. Audit standards and areas for further research are proposed. Glycaemic targets should vary according to the type of diabetes and the stage of kidney disease. All anti-hyperglycaemic agents can be used in DM CKD but dosage will vary according to the degree of renal disease and certain therapies are currently contraindicated in advanced renal disease. Therefore surveillance for changes in renal function is vital to pre-emptive changes in therapy. Certain combination therapies are either inappropriate of illogical in DM CKD and all with DM CKD should be afforded Sick day Guidance to afford temporary withdrawal of certain therapies. Newer classes of anti-hyperglycaemic agents appear to have renal benefits independent of blood glucose lowering effects but these need clarification from additional studies with hard renal outcomes as primary end points, including evaluation in non–DM CKD.
The delayed effects of antibiotics in type 2 diabetes, friend or foe?
Authors: Fu Lihong , Qiu Yixuan , Shen Linyan , Cui Canqi , Wang Shuang , Wang Shujie , Xie Yun , Zhao Xinjie , Gao Xianfu , Ning Guang , Nie Aifang , Gu Yanyun
Published: June 2018

An increasing amount of evidence suggests that the delayed effect of antibiotics (abx) on gut microbiota after its cessation is not as favorable as its immediate effect on host metabolism. However, it is not known how the diverse abx-dependent metabolic effects influence diabetic subjects and how gut microbiota is involved. Here, we treated db/db mice with abx cocktail for 12 days and discontinued for 24 days. We found that db/db mice showed decreased body weight and blood glucose after abx treatment, which rapidly caught up after abx cessation. Twenty-four days after abx withdrawal, db/db mice exhibit increased plasma, hepatic total cholesterol (TC) levels and liver weight. The gut microbiota composition at that time showed decreased relative abundances (RAs) of Desulfovibrionaceae and Rikenellaceae, increased RA of Erysipelotrichaceae and Mogibacteriaceae, which were correlating with the reduced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in gut content, such as propionic acid and valeric acid and with the elevated fecal taurine-conjugated bile acids (BAs) levels. The molecular biology studies showed inhibited hepatic BA synthesis from cholesterol, impeded intracellular transportation and biliary excretion of cholesterol that all conferred to liver TC accumulation. The associations among alterations of gut microbiota composition, microbial metabolite profiles and host phenotypes suggested the existence of gut microbiota-linked mechanisms that mediate the unfavorable delayed effects of abx on db/db mice cholesterol metabolism. Thus, we call upon the caution of applying abx in diabetic animal models for studying microbiota-host interaction and in type 2 diabetes subjects for preventing chronic cardiovascular consequences.
CFTR is required for the migration of primordial germ cells during zebrafish early embryogenesis
Authors: Liao Huijuan , Chen Yan , Li Yulong , Xue Shaolong , Liu Mingfeng , Lin Ziyuan , Liu Yanyan , Chan Hsiao Chang , Zhang Xiaohu , Sun Huaqin
Published: June 2018

Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene affect fertility in both sexes. However, the involvement of CFTR in regulating germ cell development remains largely unknown. Here, we used zebrafish model to investigate the role of CFTR in primordial germ cells (PGCs) development. We generated acftrframeshift mutant zebrafish line using CRISPR/Cas9 technique and investigated the migration of PGCs during early embryo development. Our results showed that loss of Cftr impairs the migration of PGCs from dome stages onward. The migration of PGCs was also perturbed by treatment of CFTRinh-172, a gating-speciﬁc CFTR channel inhibitor. Moreover, defected PGCs migration incftrmutant embryos can be partially rescued by injection of WT but not other channel-defective mutantcftrmRNAs. Finally, we observed the elevation ofcxcr4b, cxcl12a, rgs14aandca15b, key factors involved in zebrafish PGCs migration, incftr-mutant zebrafish embryos. Taken together, the present study revealed an important role of CFTR acting as an ion channel in regulating PGCs migration during early embryogenesis. Defect of which may impair germ cell development through elevation of key factors involved in cell motility and response to chemotactic gradient in PGCs.
Idiopathic Scoliosis Families Highlight Actin-Based and Microtubule-Based Cellular Projections and Extracellular Matrix in Disease Etiology
Authors: Baschal Erin E , Terhune Elizabeth A , Wethey Cambria I , Baschal Robin M , Robinson Kandice D , Cuevas Melissa T , Pradhan Shreyash , Sutphin Brittan S , Taylor Matthew R G , Gowan Katherine , Pearson Chad G , Niswander Lee A , Jones Kenneth L , Miller Nancy H
Published: June 2018

Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a structural lateral spinal curvature of ≥10° that affects up to 3% of otherwise healthy children and can lead to life-long problems in severe cases. It is well-established that IS is a genetic disorder. Previous studies have identified genes that may contribute to the IS phenotype, but the overall genetic etiology of IS is not well understood. We used exome sequencing to study five multigenerational families with IS. Bioinformatic analyses identified unique and low frequency variants (minor allele frequency ≤5%) that were present in all sequenced members of the family. Across the five families, we identified a total of 270 variants with predicted functional consequences in 246 genes, and found that eight genes were shared by two families. We performed GO term enrichment analyses, with the hypothesis that certain functional annotations or pathways would be enriched in the 246 genes identified in our IS families. Using three complementary programs to complete these analyses, we identified enriched categories that include stereocilia and other actin-based cellular projections, cilia and other microtubule-based cellular projections, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Our results suggest that there are multiple paths to IS and provide a foundation for future studies of IS pathogenesis.