bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Damage-induced reactive oxygen species enable zebrafish tail regeneration by repositioning of Hedgehog expressing cells
Authors: Romero Maria Montserrat Garcia , McCathie Gareth , Jankun Philip , Roehl Henry Hamilton
Published: September 2018

Many aquatic vertebrates have a remarkable ability to regenerate limbs and tails after amputation. Previous studies indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling initiates regeneration, but the mechanism by which this takes place is poorly understood. Developmental signalling pathways have been shown to have proregenerative roles in many systems. However, whether these are playing roles that are specific to regeneration, or are simply recapitulating their developmental functions is unclear. Here, we analyse zebrafish larval tail regeneration and find evidence that ROS released upon wounding cause repositioning of notochord cells to the damage site. These cells secrete Hedgehog ligands that are required for regeneration. Hedgehog signalling is not required for normal tail development suggesting that it has a regeneration-specific role. Our results provide a model for how ROS initiate tail regeneration, and indicate that developmental signalling pathways can play regenerative functions that are not directly related to their developmental roles.
The de novo design of a biocompatible and functional integral membrane protein using minimal sequence complexity
Authors: Lalaurie Christophe J. , Dufour Virginie , Meletiou Anna , Ratcliffe Sarah , Harland Abigail , Wilson Olivia , Vamasiri Chiratchaya , Shoemark Deborah K. , Williams Christopher , Arthur Christopher J. , Sessions Richard B. , Crump Matthew P. , Anderson J. L. Ross , Curnow Paul
Published: September 2018

The de novo design of integral membrane proteins remains a major challenge in protein chemistry. Here, we describe the bottom-up design of a genetically-encoded synthetic membrane protein comprising only four amino acids (L, S, G and W) in the transmembrane domains. This artificial sequence, which we call REAMP for recombinantly expressed artificial membrane protein, is a single chain of 133 residues arranged into four antiparallel membrane-spanning α-helices. REAMP was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and localized to the cytoplasmic membrane with the intended transmembrane topology. Recombinant REAMP could be extracted from the cell membrane in detergent micelles and was robust and stable in vitro, containing helical secondary structure consistent with the original design. Engineered mono- and bis-histidine residues in the membrane domain of REAMP were able to coordinate heme in vitro, in a manner reminiscent of natural b-type cytochromes. This binding shifted the electrochemical potential of the cofactor, producing a synthetic hemoprotein capable of nascent redox catalysis. These results show that a highly reduced set of amino acids is sufficient to mimic some key properties of natural proteins, and that cellular biosynthesis is a viable route for the production of minimal de novo membrane sequences.
Publisher Correction: Social context influences the expression of DNA methyltransferase genes in the honeybee
Authors: Cardoso-Júnior Carlos Antônio Mendes , Eyer Michael , Dainat Benjamin , Hartfelder Klaus , Dietemann Vincent
Published: September 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: ADAMTS-13 regulates neutrophil recruitment in a mouse model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Alflen Astrid , Prüfer Steve , Ebner Katharina , Reuter Sebastian , Lopez Pamela Aranda , Scharrer Inge , Banno Fumiaki , Stassen Michael , Schild Hansjörg , Jurk Kerstin , Bosmann Markus , Beckert Hendrik , Radsak Markus P.
Published: September 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Associations of social and economic and pregnancy exposures with blood pressure in UK White British and Pakistani children age 4/5
Authors: West Jane , Lawlor Debbie A. , Santorelli Gillian , Collings Paul , Whincup Peter H. , Sattar Naveed A. , Farrar Diane , Wright John
Published: September 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper
Author Correction: Pessimism and fearfulness in dairy calves
Authors: Lecorps Benjamin , Weary Daniel M. , von Keyserlingk Marina A. G.
Published: September 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Quantitative account of social interactions in a mental health care ecosystem: cooperation, trust and collective action
Authors: Cigarini Anna , Vicens Julián , Duch Jordi , Sánchez Angel , Perelló Josep
Published: September 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Nitrogen Dynamics in Soil Fertilized with Slow Release Brown Coal-Urea Fertilizers
Authors: Saha Biplob K. , Rose Michael T. , Wong Vanessa N. L. , Cavagnaro Timothy R. , Patti Antonio F.
Published: September 2018

Reducing the release rate of urea can increase its use efficiency and minimize negative effects on the environment. A novel fertilizer material that was formed by blending brown coal (BC) with urea, delayed fertilizer N release in controlled climatic conditions in a glasshouse, through strong retention facilitated by the extensive surface area, porous structure and chemical functional groups in the BC. However, the role of BC as a carrier of synthetic urea and the effect of their interaction with various soil types on the dynamics and mineralization of N remains largely unclear. Therefore, a soil column incubation study was conducted to assess the release, transformation and transportation of N from several different brown coal-urea (BCU) granules, compared to commercial urea. Blending and subsequent granulation of urea with BC substantially increased fertilizer N retention in soil by decreasing gaseous emissions and leaching of N compared to urea alone, irrespective of soil type. The BCU granule containing the highest proportion of BC had lower leaching and gaseous emissions and maintained considerably higher mineral and mineralizable N in topsoil. Possible modes of action of the BCU granules have been proposed, emphasizing the role of BC in enhancing N retention over a longer period of time. The results support the notion that BCU granules can be used as a slow release and enhanced efficiency fertilizer for increasing availability and use efficiency of N by crops.
Comprehensive analysis of the tumor immune micro-environment in non-small cell lung cancer for efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor
Authors: Seo Jeong-Sun , Kim Ahreum , Shin Jong-Yeon , Kim Young Tae
Published: September 2018

Characterizing the molecular immune subtype and micro-environment of lung cancer is necessary to understand immunogenic interactions between infiltrating immune and stromal cells, and how tumor cells overcome immune checkpoint blockades. This study seeks to identify computational methodologies for subtyping gene expression-based tumor-immune micro-environment interactions, which differentiate non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) into immune-defective and immune-competent subtypes. Here, 101 lung squamous cell carcinomas (LUSCs) and 87 lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) tumor samples have been analyzed. Several micro-environmental factors differentially induce LUAD or LUSC immune subtypes, as well as immune checkpoint expression. In particular, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key immune cells play a vital role in inflammation and cancer micro-environments of LUSCs; whereas, regulatory B cells are immunosuppressive and tumorigenic in LUADs. Additionally, cytolytic activity upon CD8+ T cell activation is decreased by the abundance of B cells and macrophages in immune-competent subtypes. Therefore, identifying immune subtypes in lung cancer and their impact on tumor micro-environment will lead to clinical tools for assessing LUADs and LUSCs in patients, as well as maximize the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Distribution and phylogenetics of whiteflies and their endosymbiont relationships after the Mediterranean species invasion in Brazil
Authors: de Moraes Letícia Aparecida , Muller Cristiane , Bueno Regiane Cristina Oliveira de Freita , Santos Antônio , Bello Vinicius Henrique , De Marchi Bruno Rossitto , Watanabe Luís Fernando Maranho , Marubayashi Julio Massaharu , Santos Beatriz Rosa , Yuki Valdir Atsushi , Takada Hélio Minoru , de Barros Danielle Ribeiro , Neves Carolina Garcia , da Silva Fábio Nascimento , Gonçalves Mayra Juline , Ghanim Murad , Boykin Laura , Pavan Marcelo Agenor , Krause-Sakate Renate
Published: September 2018

The Bemisia tabaci is a polyphagous insect and a successful vector of plant viruses. B. tabaci is a species complex and in Brazil native species from the New World (NW) group, as well as the invasive species, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED) were reported. For better understanding the distribution of the different species four years after the Mediterranean species invasion in Brazil, whiteflies were collected from 237 locations throughout the country between the years of 2013 and 2017, species were identified and the facultative endosymbionts detected. The survey revealed that MEAM1 was the prevalent species found on major crops across Brazil. It is the only species present in North, Northwestern and Central Brazil and was associated with virus-infected plants. MED was found in five States from Southeast to South regions, infesting mainly ornamental plants and was not associated with virus-infected plants. The prevalent endosymbionts identified in MEAM1 were Hamiltonella and Rickettsia; and the mtCOI analysis revealed low genetic diversity for MEAM1. In contrast, several different endosymbionts were identified in MED including Hamiltonella, Rickettsia, Wolbachia and Arsenophonus; and two distinct genetic groups were found based on the mtCOI analysis. Monitoring the distribution of the whiteflies species in Brazil is essential for proper management of this pest.
Genetic structure and polymorphisms of Gelao ethnicity residing in southwest china revealed by X-chromosomal genetic markers
Authors: Chen Pengyu , He Guanglin , Zou Xing , Wang Mengge , Luo Haibo , Yu Limei , Hu Xijie , Xia Mijia , Gao Hongyan , Yu Jian , Hou Yiping , Han Yanyan
Published: September 2018

X-chromosome short tandem repeat markers (X-STRs), due to their special inheritance models, physical location on a single chromosome and the absence of recombination in male meiosis, play an important role in forensic and population genetics. While a series of genetic analyses focusing on the genetic diversity and forensic characteristics of X-STRs are well studied for ethnically/linguistically diverse and demographically large Chinese populations, genetic evidence from Gelao ethnicity is still sparse. Here, we genotyped the first batch of 19 X-STRs in 513 Chinese Gelao individuals (265 females and 248 males), and reported genetic polymorphisms, forensic characteristics based on the single locus and seven linkage groups. DXS10135 with the highest PIC (0.9106) and LG1 (DXS10148-DXS10135-DXS8378) with the largest HD (0.9970) are polymorphic and informative. The CPDs in Gelao males and females are respectively larger than 0.999999999997095 and 0.99999999999999999999918, and the combined MECs are larger than 0.999999975715109. Subsequently, we investigated the population relationships among 14 Chinese populations based on 19 X-STRs and among 23 populations based on 11 overlapped X-STRs. Our results revealed genetic differentiations among Tibeto-Burman, Altaic and other Chinese homogenous populations, and demonstrated that Guizhou Gelao has the genetically closer relationships with Han Chinese and geographically close Guizhou Miao.
Engineering chiral and topological orbital magnetism of domain walls and skyrmions
Authors: Lux Fabian R. , Freimuth Frank , Blügel Stefan , Mokrousov Yuriy
Published: September 2018

Electrons that are slowly moving through chiral magnetic textures can effectively be described as if they were influenced by electromagnetic fields emerging from the real-space topology. This adiabatic viewpoint has been very successful in predicting physical properties of chiral magnets. Here, based on a rigorous quantum-mechanical approach, we unravel the emergence of chiral and topological orbital magnetism in one- and two-dimensional spin systems. We uncover that the quantized orbital magnetism in the adiabatic limit can be understood as a Landau-Peierls response to the emergent magnetic field. Our central result is that the spin–orbit interaction in interfacial skyrmions and domain walls can be used to tune the orbital magnetism over orders of magnitude by merging the real-space topology with the topology in reciprocal space. Our findings point out the route to experimental engineering of orbital properties of chiral spin systems, thereby paving the way to the field of chiral orbitronics.
De novo transcriptome assembly of fluorine accumulator tea plant Camellia sinensis with fluoride treatments
Authors: Li Qing-Sheng , Li Xu-Min , Qiao Ru-Ying , Shen En-Hui , Lin Xiao-Ming , Lu Jian-Liang , Ye Jian-Hui , Liang Yue-Rong , Zheng Xin-Qiang
Published: September 2018

Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is a typical fluoride (F) hyperaccumulator enriching most F in old leaves. There is association between the risk of fluorosis and excessive consumption of teas prepared using the old leaves. It is meaningful to develop methods for controlling F levels in tea leaves. We generated a comprehensive RNA-seq dataset from tea plants grown at various F levels for different durations by hydroponics, aiming at providing information on mechanism of F metabolism in tea plant. Besides raw reads of the RNA-seq dataset, we present assembled unigenes and aligned unigenes with annotations versus the Gene Ontology (GO) databases, Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases, and Nonredundant (Nr) protein databases with low e-values. 69,488 unigenes were obtained in total, in which 40,894 were given Nr annotations.
Iridium(iii) complexes as reaction based chemosensors for medical diagnostics
Authors: Ma Dik-Lung , NG Hing Pan , Wong Suk-Yu , Vellaisamy Kasipandi , Wu Ke-Jia , Leung Chung-Hang
Published: September 2018

This frontier article introduces recent developments and applications of iridium(iii) complexes as luminescent probes for ions and biomolecules.
Generation of a functional, semisynthetic [FeFe]-hydrogenase in a photosynthetic microorganism
Authors: Wegelius Adam , Khanna Namita , Esmieu Charlène , Barone Giovanni Davide , Pinto Filipe , Tamagnini Paula , Berggren Gustav , Lindblad Peter
Published: September 2018

A functional, semi-synthetic and heterologously expressed [FeFe]-hydrogenase is generated in the photosynthetic microorganism Synechocystis, resulting in cells with sustained hydrogen production.
Emission of formic and acetic acids from two Colorado soils
Authors: Mielnik Anne , Link Michael , Mattila James , Fulgham S. Ryan , Farmer Delphine K.
Published: September 2018

Soil emissions formic acid from a forest and managed lawn increase with temperature, while acetic acid emissions increase with both temperature and moisture.
Impact of short-term flavanol supplementation on fasting plasma trimethylamine N-oxide concentrations in obese adults
Authors: Angiletta Chris J. , Griffin Laura E. , Steele Cortney N. , Baer David J. , Novotny Janet A. , Davy Kevin P. , Neilson Andrew P.
Published: September 2018

Short-term flavanol supplementation does not reduce levels of proatherogenic TMAO in adults at risk for insulin resistance.
Interactions between acid and proteins underin vitrogastric condition – a theoretical and experimental quantification
Authors: Luo Qi , Zhan Wenting , Boom Remko M. , Janssen Anja E. M.
Published: September 2018

The ionizable amino acid side groups in protein determine its buffer capacity. Buffer capacity influences the acid diffusion in protein-based structures.
Development of a novel optogenetic indicator based on cellular deformations for mapping optogenetic activities
Authors: Li Gongxin , Yang Jia , Wang Yuechao , Wang Wenxue , Liu Lianqing
Published: September 2018

We propose a novel optogenetic indicator based on cellular deformation to characterize the activities of optogenetically engineered cells.
Wulff in a cage gold nanoparticles as contrast agents for computed tomography and photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Hajfathalian Maryam , Amirshaghaghi Ahmad , Naha Pratap C. , Chhour Peter , Hsu Jessica C. , Douglas Keely , Dong Yuxi , Sehgal Chandra M. , Tsourkas Andrew , Neretina Svetlana , Cormode David P.
Published: September 2018

A core–shell nanostructure yields balanced contrast production for both CT and photoacoustics.
Facile scalable fabrication of ultra-thin freestanding SiO2-based hybrid nanosheets with multifunctional properties
Authors: Zhang Xinping , Ren Huicheng , He Aihua
Published: September 2018

A facile and scalable route has been introduced to produce ultra-thin freestanding SiO2-based hybrid nanosheets.
Synthesis of a cyclic-brush polymer with a high grafting density using activated ester chemistry via the “grafting onto” approach
Authors: Zhang Shuangshuang , Cheng Xiaoxiao , Wang Junzhi , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhang Wei , Zhu Xiulin
Published: September 2018

A concept for preparing cyclic-brush polymers with high grafting densities combining a ring-closure strategy and activated ester chemistry as a post-modification method via the grafting onto approach.
Lewis acid catalyst-steered divergent synthesis of functionalized vicinal amino alcohols and pyrroles from tertiary enamides
Authors: Xu Xin-Ming , Lei Chuan-Hu , Tong Shuo , Zhu Jieping , Wang Mei-Xiang
Published: September 2018

We report herein two Lewis acid catalyst-steered distinct reaction pathways of N-formylmethyl tertiary enamides.
Epitaxial growth and interfacial property of monolayer MoS2 on gallium nitride
Authors: Yan Pengfei , Tian Qianqian , Yang Guofeng , Weng Yuyan , Zhang Yixin , Wang Jin , Xie Feng , Lu Naiyan
Published: September 2018

Monolayer MoS2 were grown on GaN substrate by CVD method, and the interfacial property of the MoS2–GaN system were studied by first-principles density functional theory calculations.
Inheritance of spherical morphology and optimization of assembled structures during preparation of LiMnPO4 cathodes for high electrochemical properties
Authors: Pan Xiaoliang , Gao Zhi , Liu Lijun , Xiao Fan , Xiao Fen , Xie Shikun , Liu Yonghong
Published: September 2018

LiMnPO4 hollow microspheres assembled by radially aligned nanoprisms with exposed (010) facets are prepared to improve the rate capability.
Controlled hydrothermal temperature provides tunable permittivity and an improved electromagnetic absorption performance of reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Xia Yilu , Wang Jiankun , Chen Chaochan , Huo Da , Wen Yue , Wang Wenyue , Sun Mengxiao , Xu Chang , Xie Aming , Wu Fan , Feng Zhangqi
Published: September 2018

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has been prepared by a hydrothermal reduction method to explore the effects of reaction temperature on its permittivity and electromagnetic absorption (EA) performance.
A ZnO/rice husk-based hollow carbonaceous nanosphere composite as an anode for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Yi , Gao Yan , Qi Hui , Yu Kaifeng , Liang Ce
Published: September 2018

A new lithium-ion battery anode material was fabricated that had nanorod-like ZnO distributed on the surface of a rice husk-derived carbon skeleton.
A GFP-strategy for efficient recombinant protein overexpression and purification in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Radhakrishnan Anjana , Furze Christopher M. , Ahangar Mohd Syed , Fullam Elizabeth
Published: September 2018

A GFP-strategy to monitor protein expression and purification in Mycobacterium smegmatis to overcome the obstacle of producing recombinant mycobacterial proteins.
Sword-like CuO/CeO2 composites derived from a Ce-BTC metal–organic framework with superior CO oxidation performance
Authors: Wang Yin , Yang Yiqiang , Liu Ning , Wang Yuxin , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: September 2018

Porous shape-controllable metal oxide composites derived from a metal–organic framework have gained more and more attention due to their extensive applications.
Rationally designed metal nanocluster for electrocatalytic hydrogen production from water
Authors: Kwak Kyuju , Choi Woojun , Tang Qing , Jiang De-en , Lee Dongil
Published: September 2018

A tailored PtAu24 nanocluster mimicking the enzyme functions of hydrogenases can efficiently catalyze the hydrogen production.
Tunable-emission and AIPE-active heteroleptic Ir(iii) complexes for fingermark detection via a spraying technique
Authors: Song Zhongming , Liu Rui , Li Xi , Zhu Hanbin , Lu Yinghai , Zhu Hongjun
Published: September 2018

Latent fingermark detection has been a high profile issue in the field of identity authentication.
Long non-coding RNA SNHG14 exerts oncogenic functions in non-small cell lung cancer through acting as an miR-340 sponge
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua , Wang Yong , Zhang Wei , Li Junyan , Liu Weiliang , Lu Wenming
Published: September 2018

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG14 is previously found to be overexpressed in several types of cancers. However, the clinical significance and biological function of SNHG14 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are still elusive. In the present study, we found that SNHG14 was aberrantly up-regulated in NSCLC tissues from patients and cell lines compared with their normal counterparts. Increased SNHG14 expression was closely associated with aggressive tumor progression and poor clinical outcome of NSCLC patients. Knockdown of SNHG14 inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation through inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, whereas SNHG14 overexpression exerted the opposite effects. Animal experiment further revealed that down-regulated SNHG14 greatly inhibited NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. Further studies demonstrated that SNHG14 might serve as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR-340 in NSCLC cells. Taken together, our study demonstrated that SNHG14/miR-340 axis might play a novel role in regulating the malignant behaviors of NSCLC, which provided a new potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for this malignant disease.
Hybrid model for security‐aware cluster head selection in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Shankar Achyut , Jaisankar Natarajan , Khan Mohammad S. , Patan Rizwan , Balamurugan Balusamy
Published: September 2018

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is considered as the resource constraint network, in which the entire nodes have limited resources. In WSN, prolonging the lifetime of the network remains as the unsolved point. Accordingly, this study intends to propose a hybrid GGWSO (Grouped Grey Wolf Search Optimisation) algorithm to improve the performance of a cluster head selection in WSN, so that the network's lifetime can be extended. The proposed method concerns the main constraints associated with distance, delay, energy, and security. This study compares the performance of the proposed GGWSO with several traditional algorithms like artificial bee colony (ABC), fractional ABC, group search optimisation and Grey Wolf optimisation‐based cluster head selection. During the performance analysis, the various ranges of risk, such as 20, 60, and 100% are added to validate the performance variations, by evaluating the number of alive nodes, and normalised network energy remained in the network. The simulation results have shown that there is a need for a hybrid model for attaining the superior results.
Influence of tool pin and shoulder geometries on microstructure of friction stir processed AA6063/SiC composites
Authors: Gangil Namrata , Maheshwari Sachin , Siddiquee Arshad Noor
Published: September 2018

The present study investigated the combined effect of friction stir processing (FSP) tool pin and shoulder profiles on particle distribution and microstructure of AA6063/SiC composites. Two strategies were used, in first strategy, plain cylindrical, tapered cylindrical, square and triangular tool pin profiles were used with flat shoulder design. In second strategy square and cylindrical pin profiles were used along with clock-wise (CW) and anti clock-wise (ACW) scrolled shoulder design. Single pass processing was performed to fabricate the composites. Microstructure examination of sample processed with various pin profiles and flat shoulder design reveals that tool with square pin profile was most effective. Among other shoulder profiles, ACW scrolled shoulder resulted in pancake shaped stir zone (SZ) and exhibited significant improvement in SZ size, out of which ACW scrolled shoulder with cylindrical pin profile produced uniform particle distribution without any defects.
First report on the sero-epidemiology ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in German roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Authors: Heddergott Mike , Steinbach Peter , Pohl Daniel , Frantz Alain C.
Published: September 2018

While the roe deer (Capreolus capeolus) is the most important game species in Germany and its venison is popular, there is limited knowledge about the prevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiin this animal population in the country, and in wild ungulates in Germany generally. Between 2013 and 2015, we collected 295 blood samples from roe deer belonging to a central German population. Sera were analysed using a modified agglutination test (MAT, cut-off 1:20), and antibodies were detected in 86 of the 295 samples (29%). Seroprevalence values differed significantly between the different age classes, with antibodies more frequently observed in adults. In contrast, seroprevalence did not differ significantly between the sexes or collection years. Venison is frequently consumed raw or undercooked and may be a potential source of human infection withT. gondii.
Follow-Up Studies of cf-DNA Testing from 101 Consecutive Fetuses and Related Ultrasound Findings
Authors: Basaran Seher , Has Recep , Kalelioglu Ibrahim Halil , Karaman Birsen , Kirgiz Melike , Dehgan Tahir , Satkin Bilge Nihan , Sivrikoz Tugba Sarac , Yuksel Atil
Published: September 2018

Purpose To determine the true- and false-positive rates of cf-DNA testing in a cohort of patients from tertiary care centers and assess the impact of ultrasound examinations in pregnancy management.

Materials and Methods Clinical, cytogenetic and ultrasound data of 101 consecutive fetuses were collected retrospectively. Cases were classified into five groups according to the ultrasound findings. Karyotyping, interphase FISH and microarray techniques were used for follow-up studies.

Results The overall false-positive rate was low for trisomy 21 (T21, 8.2 %), but significantly higher for trisomy 18 (T18, 40 %), monosomy X (MX, 50 %), X/Y trisomies (57.1 %), trisomy 13 (T13, 71.4 %). While single cases of trisomy 16, trisomy 22 and 8q duplication positive in cf-DNA were confirmed, 3 microdeletions (1p36 and two 22q11.2) were not. About 75 % of confirmed T21’s and all confirmed T18 and T13 had major markers and/or malformations. While false-negative cases (two T21, one T18 and one T13) were identified due to abnormal ultrasound findings, all false-positive cases were normal sonographically. Ultrasound findings of confirmed trisomy 16, 22, dup8q, monosomy X and other X/Y aneuploidies were unspecific. Term placenta studies were helpful to assess the role of confined mosaicism in unconfirmed cf-DNA test results. A vanishing twin has been observed as the likely cause of one false-positive T18.

Conclusion Our study contributes clinical data on discrepant cf-DNA testing results, corroborates the need for confirmational invasive testing and underscores the benefit of expert ultrasound in the prevention of fatal diagnostic errors.
Zu den adhäsiven Eigenschaften der Eibischwurzel Althaea officinalis L., radix
Authors: Appel Kurt , Sacha Manuel , Wegener Tankred
Published: September 2018

Für in pflanzlichen Drogen enthaltene Mucopolysaccharide wird eine Bioadhäsion an Schleimhäuten und damit ein Schutz vor irritativen Noxen beschrieben. Um hier weitere Kenntnisse zu erhalten, wurden verschiedene pflanzliche Drogen und auch Fertigprodukte in zwei verschiedenen experimentellen In-vitro-Studien unter Verwendung von buccaler Schleimhaut des Schweins untersucht. Gezeigt werden konnte zunächst ein verlangsamter Abfluss zweier unterschiedlicher Althaea-radix-enthaltender Zubereitungen auf der Schleimhaut, fixiert auf einer schiefen Ebene, was auf bioadhäsive Eigenschaften hinweist. In einem weiteren Modell mit der Franz-Diffusionszelle wurde der Einfluss auf die Permeation von Coffein durch die buccale Schleimhaut des Schweins untersucht. Hier wurde eine deutliche Hemmung der Permeation durch die Fertigprodukte (Hustensäfte bzw. Sirupe), jedoch kein oder kein eindeutiger Effekt für einen Althaea-officinalis-Extrakt als alleinigen Wirkstoff gefunden. Für die schleimhautprotektiven Wirkungen Mucopolysaccharid-haltiger Drogen dürfte zumindest gemäß den Ergebnissen in diesen Modellen auch die galenische Zusammensetzung eine bedeutsame Rolle spielen.
Reliability and Accuracy of Ball Speed During Different Strokes in Young Tennis Players
Authors: González-González Irene , Rodríguez-Rosell David , Clavero-Martín David , Mora-Custodio Ricardo , Pareja-Blanco Fernando , García Juan , González-Badillo Juan
Published: September 2018

This study aimed to examine the relationship between anthropometric and sport level (SL) variables and both ball speed and accuracy in young male competitive tennis players. A secondary aim of this study was to analyze the possible differences in ball speed and accuracy between players of different competitive levels. A total of 85 players (age: 14.7±2.4 years; height: 1.65±0.12 m; body weight: 56.3±13.4 kg) were divided into five groups according to their positions in the ranking list. To measure stroke performances, the goal was to hit 20 balls at the maximum possible speed inside the court, with the opportunity of hitting a maximum of 30 balls for each groundstroke and 40 for serve. Accuracy was calculated by dividing the number of balls inside the default surface by the total number of hits. The ball speed showed high reliability for all three strokes assessed. The ball speed progressively increased as SL increased for all strokes, whereas accuracy remained unchanged across SL groups. All independent variables presented significant relationships (r=0.59–0.85, p<0.05–0.001) with ball speed for all strokes. However, after applying partial correlations these relationships decreased substantially (r=0.02–0.51). The accuracy showed significant relationships with SL only in the serve (r=0.31, p<0.05) and backhand (r=0.26, p<0.05) strokes. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that tennis performance depends on increasing ball speed while maintaining a relatively stable level of accuracy.
Die Rasch Progessive Glomerulonephritis im Kindesalter
Authors: Mayer Ulrike , Bräsen Jan , Pape Lars
Published: September 2018

Die rasch progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) im Kindesalter stellt eine seltene aber schwere Erkrankung dar, die häufig zu einer dialysepflichtigen Niereninsuffizienz führt. In diesem Review wird die Definition der RPGN dargestellt und das grundsätzliche diagnostische und therapeutische Vorgehen inklusive Nierenbiopsie werden diskutiert. Darüber hinaus werden die Besonderheiten einzelner Krankheitsentitäten beschrieben, die eine RPGN verursachen können und entsprechende diagnostische und therapeutische Besonderheiten dargestellt.
Correlations Between Ultrasonographic Findings of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast and Intrinsic Subtypes
Authors: Wen Xin , Yu Yingjiao , Yu Xiwen , Cheng Wen , Wang Zhuozhong , Liu Lin , Zhang Lei , Qin Ling , Tian Jiawei
Published: September 2018

Purpose To analyze the ultrasonographic findings of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast in 360 women and the correlations between the characteristics and the intrinsic subtypes.

Materials and Methods We evaluated the imaging findings according to the lexicon of the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). The included ultrasonographic features were shape, orientation, margin, echo pattern, posterior features, calcifications, the vascularity of the masses and the presence of architectural distortions. The associations between those features and the intrinsic ILC subtypes were investigated.

Results The most common manifestations of ILC on ultrasound (US) were hypoechoic masses with irregular shape, parallel orientation, spiculated margin, posterior acoustic shadowing, no calcification and blood vessels in the rim. The patients in the luminal A subtype were the youngest, and the patients in the HER2 overexpression subtype were the oldest (p = 0.01). On US, the HER2 overexpression subtype was characterized by microlobulated margins (p = 0.002), while the luminal A subtype and the luminal B subtype mostly had spiculated margins. The basal-like subtype was distinctive in that it had no posterior features (p = 0.041), rather than acoustic shadowing, and the masses in the HER2 and basal-like subtypes were larger than in the other two groups (p = 0.03).

Conclusion There were significant differences and several trends in the ultrasonographic characteristics of different intrinsic subtypes, which may supply accurate imaging diagnostic criteria to assist in the management of individuals with ILC.
Effects of Repeated-Sprint Training in Hypoxia on Tennis-Specific Performance in Well-Trained Players
Authors: Brechbuhl Cyril , Brocherie Franck , Millet Gregoire , Schmitt Laurent
Published: September 2018

This study examined the physiological, physical and technical responses to repeated-sprint training in normobaric hypoxia [RSH, inspired fraction of oxygen (FiO2) 14.5%] vs. normoxia (RSN, FiO2 20.9%). Within 12 days, eighteen well-trained tennis players (RSH, n=9 vs. RSN, n=9) completed five specific repeated-sprint sessions that consisted of four sets of 5 maximal shuttle-run sprints. Testing sessions included repeated-sprint ability and Test to Exhaustion Specific to Tennis (TEST). TEST’s maximal duration to exhaustion and time to attain the ‘onset of blood lactate accumulation’ at 4 mMol.L−1 (OBLA) improvements were significantly higher in RSH compared to RSN. Change in time to attain OBLA was concomitant with observations similar in time to the second ventilatory threshold. Significant interaction (P=0.003) was found for ball accuracy with greater increase in RSH (+13.8%, P=0.013) vs. RSN (–4.6%, P=0.15). A correlation (r=0.59, P<0.001) was observed between change in ball accuracy and TEST’s time to exhaustion. Greater improvement in some tennis-specific physical and technical parameters was observed after only 5 sessions of RSH vs. RSN in well-trained tennis players.
Kapitalmarktreaktionen regulatorischer Interventionen im Krankenhausmarkt
Authors: Schöne Lukas , Meser Michael , Reinbacher Philipp
Published: September 2018

Zielsetzung Krankenhäuser müssen Renditeforderungen von Kapitalgebern erfüllen und gleichzeitig in einem stark regulierten Ordnungsrahmen ihrem
öffentlichen Versorgungsauftrag nachkommen. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, in welchem Verhältnis diese beiden Paradigmen stehen.

Methodik Die Analyse basiert auf einer Ereignisstudie, wonach Auswirkungen von Ereignissen auf Unternehmen anhand der Reaktionen ihrer Wertpapiere
gemessen werden. Als Ereignisse dienen fünf Gesetzesinitiativen im Krankenhausmarkt. Die Bestimmung der Wertpapierreaktionen erfolgt über die Messung der
abnormen Rendite, also der Differenz zwischen der erwarteten Rendite eines Wertpapiers, die mithilfe eines Schätzmodells ermittelt wird, und der tatsächlich
beobachteten Rendite nach Eintreten des Ereignisses.

Ergebnisse Für zwei der fünf untersuchten Gesetzesinitiativen lassen sich eindeutige abnorme Renditen beobachten, sodass davon ausgegangen werden kann,
dass diese die Erwartungen hinsichtlich des künftigen Unternehmenserfolgs aus Sicht der Eigenkapitalgeber verändern. Die anderen drei Gesetzesinitiativen zeigen
inkonsistente Ergebnisse.

Schlussfolgerung Obgleich die Ereignisstudie mit methodischen Fallstricken versehen ist, kann insgesamt davon ausgegangen werden, dass regulatorische
Eingriffe im Krankenhausmarkt nicht – wie vielfach vermutet – in einer Konkurrenzbeziehung zu Renditeansprüchen der Eigenkapitalgeber stehen.
Is There a Difference in Hospital Stay between Patients undergoing Translabyrinthine or Retrosigmoid Surgery for Vestibular Schwannoma Stratified by Tumor Size?
Authors: Visagan Ravindran , Hall Andrew , Bradford Robert , Khalil Sherif , Saeed Shakeel Riaz
Published: September 2018

Objective To date, no European study has compared approach-specific outcome data in vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery stratified by tumor size. We analyzed hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive therapy/high-dependency unit (ITU/HDU) LOS, and complications in patients undergoing VS surgery via the translabyrinthine (TL) versus retrosigmoid (RS) approaches, stratifying for tumor size.

Design Prospective database undergoing retrospective review.

Setting Tertiary center.

Participants A total of 117 patients with VS undergoing TL (n = 71) or RS (n = 46) surgical resection from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed. Data including age, gender, surgical approach, tumor size, hospital, and ITU/HDU LOS and postoperative complications were evaluated.

Intervention(s) Therapeutic—VS surgery via either TL or RS approach.

Main Outcome Measure(s) LOS (hospital/intensive care unit).

Results Hospital LOS was significantly greater in patients undergoing the RS approach versus TL approach in VS between 31 and 40 mm (11 versus 7 days, p < 0.0006). The mean ITU/HDU LOS was greater in the RS group compared with the TL group (4.6 versus 1, p > 0.05). Reported complications were higher in the RS group (n = 40 versus 22). A post hoc analysis of the 31 to 40 mm group revealed no statistically significant difference in the American Society of Anesthesiologists grade or preoperative performance status.

Conclusions In our practice, in VS sized 31 to 40 mm patients stay 4 days longer post RS compared with TL surgery. This translates to £1600 extra per patient in the UK. Our data may inform decision-making during the skull base multidisciplinary team and the consent process to help decide the ideal operative approach for the patient.
Microsurgical Decompression of Trigeminal Neuralgia Caused by Simultaneous Double Arterial (SCA and AICA) and Petrosal Vein Complex Compression
Authors: Gajski Domagoj , Dennis Alicia , Arnautović Kenan
Published: September 2018

Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic pain disorder affecting the face. In approximately 80% of cases, it is most commonly caused, when the root entry zone (REZ) of the trigeminal nerve is compressed by the superior cerebellar artery (SCA). The etiology of the remaining 20% of cases is distributed among venous, arteriovenous malformations, posterior fossa tumors, multiple sclerosis plaque compressions, and other pathologies. Combinations of those compressive factors are very rare.1
2
3
4 Herein, we present a video clip of microvascular decompression (MVD) in a 73-year-old female, who has failed conservative treatment with 6 medications over 10 years. She was affected by a unique triple compression of the right REZ by the SCA, anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), and petrosal vein complex (Fig. 1A). Right-sided microsurgical decompression of the REZ of the trigeminal nerve through standard retrosigmoid craniotomy was performed by the senior author (K.I.A.). The SCA and AICA were separated from the nerve using Teflon pledgets. The petrosal vein complex was coagulated and divided, freeing up the right trigeminal nerve (Fig. 1B). The patient was discharged home on the third postoperative day with complete resolution of trigeminal neuralgia.

The link to the Video can be found at: https://youtu.be/PYVvImGW0yE.
Microsurgical Gross Total Resection of a WHO Grade II Cerebellopontine Angle Ependymoma in an Adult
Authors: Sayyahmelli Sima , Ucer Melih , Baskaya Mustafa
Published: September 2018

Infratentorial ependymomas that arise in the fourth ventricle and extend into the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) through the foramina of Luschka are well described. However, a primary CPA location of an ependymoma is distinctly uncommon. In this video, we present a 46-year-old man with episodes of dizziness, left-sided tinnitus, imbalance, double vision, and nausea. An magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the head showed a large mass lesion centered in the CPA with heterogenous enhancement. Differential diagnosis included ependymoma, meningioma, schwannoma of the vestibular nerve, or lower cranial nerves, and choroid plexus papilloma. He underwent microsurgical gross total resection of the tumor via a retrosigmoid approach. Direct stimulation of the cranial nerves was performed throughout the case and there was no attachment of the tumor to any cranial nerve to suggest that this might be a schwannoma. The tumor encased important vasculature, including the posterior-inferior cerebellar artery. The histopathology was a grade II ependymoma. The patient tolerated the surgery well and his postoperative course was uneventful. He remained neurologically intact. He received radiation therapy and there was no recurrent or residual disease on follow-up studies. This video demonstrates important steps of the surgical approach and microsurgical resection techniques for this type of challenging tumor.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/KK-y6EYh888.
A Rare Complication of Endovascular Embolization: Extruded Onyx on Trigeminal Nerve
Authors: Eser Ocak Pinar , Başkaya Mustafa
Published: September 2018

Objectives To demonstrate a rare complication of endovascular tumor embolization with onyx.

Design Operative video.

Setting Department of neurological surgery in a university hospital.

Participants A 39-year-old male who was diagnosed with a right sided hemangioblastoma.

Main Outcome Measures Surgical resection of the tumor, preservation of the cranial nerves and extruded embolization material on trigeminal nerve.

Results The tumor was embolized with onyx the day before surgery. Patient woke up with no sensation in the right side of his face. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a small restricted diffusion area within the right superior cerebellar vermis. Microsurgical resection of the tumor was uneventful and complete resection was achieved (Fig. 1). After the resection was completed, the trigeminal nerve was identified. Some of the capillaries overlying the nerve as well as the cerebellum and brain stem had extruded onyx-embolic material (Fig. 2). Some of the onyx over the cerebellum was removed; however, the ones on the trigeminal nerve and brain stem were not removed due to the risk of injury to the nerve. Postoperative MRI confirmed total resection. Patient made excellent recovery except he continued to have no sensation in the right side of his face.

Conclusion Preoperative embolization is an important adjunct to resection of large hemangioblastomas in selected cases because it may facilitate circumferential dissection and debulking of the tumor. Although extrusion of the embolization material is relatively common, immediate extrusion of onyx and its transfixion on a cranial nerve has not been reported before. Judicial selection of preoperative embolization is required in hemangioblastomas.

The link to the Video can be found at: https://youtu.be/s0DjD26Xkas.
Retrosigmoid Approach for Resection of Cerebellopontine Angle Meningioma
Authors: Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , Gozal Yair , Alzhrani Gmaan , Couldwell William
Published: September 2018

This video depicts the case of an 81-year-old man who presented with a 3-month history of left-sided facial numbness and gait imbalance. On examination, he had gait ataxia and decreased left facial sensation in the V2 and V3 distribution. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large homogenously enhancing lesion arising from the inferior surface of the tentorium toward the left cerebellopontine angle causing significant brainstem compression (Fig. 1A and 1B). The differential diagnoses for this lesion included meningioma and trigeminal nerve schwannoma. Given the patient's symptoms, the size of the lesion, and the severity of brainstem compression, surgical resection was recommended. The patient underwent a left retrosigmoid craniotomy for resection of the mass (Fig. 2). The patient tolerated the procedure well with no new postoperative neurological deficit. Histopathological examination of the lesion revealed a World Health Organization (WHO) grade I meningioma. Postoperative MRI was consistent with gross total resection of the tumor (Fig. 1C and 1D). The patient was discharged home on postoperative day 4. At his last follow-up appointment, 1 month after surgery, the patient reported complete resolution of his imbalance and left-sided facial numbness. The patient gave consent for publication.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/xoHmhv7bme4.
Retrosigmoid Approach to the Posterior Fossa Trigeminal Schwannoma
Authors: Yang Alexander , Kunigelis Katherine , Youssef A.
Published: September 2018

We present a case of a posterior fossa trigeminal schwannoma in a 31-year-old gentleman. Preoperative symptomatology included headaches and dizziness of 6 months in duration. Trigeminal schwannomas isolated to the posterior fossa, not extending into Meckel's Cave, may be adequately resected via a retrosigmoid approach. Thus, a tailored retrosigmoid approach was planned with navigation assistance. A key point to highlight is the difficult identification and preservation of trigeminal nerve fascicles within the tumor mass. In this operative video we show a nerve preservation technique. By identifying the nerve at the anticipated anatomical location and utilizing sharp dissection, we create a dissection plane from the nerve fascicles. The surgical strategy of near total resection and leaving minimal tumor tissue on the nerve should be pursued in return for anatomical preservation of the nerve. Postoperative course was significant for facial hypoesthesia, abducens partial palsy, and gradual improvement of headaches.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/JsE1-Eonr0k.
Presigmoid Approach to Dumbbell Trigeminal Schwannoma
Authors: Kunigelis Katherine , Craig Daniel , Yang Alexander , Gubbels Samuel , Youssef A.
Published: September 2018

This case is a 15-year-old male, presenting with headaches, right face, and arm numbness, and ataxia. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) revealed a large right sided dumbbell shaped lesion, extending into the middle and posterior fossa with compression of the brainstem consistent with a trigeminal schwannoma. Treatment options here would be a retrosigmoid suprameatal approach or a lateral presigmoid approach. Given the tumor extension into multiple compartments, a presigmoid craniotomy, combining a middle fossa approach with anterior petrosectomy, and retrolabyrinthine approach with posterior petrosectomy were used to maximize the direct access corridor for resection. The petrous apex was already expanded and remodeled by the tumor. Nerve fascicles preservation technique is paramount to the functional preservation of the trigeminal nerve. The extent of resection should be weighed against the anatomical functional integrity of the nerve. Near total resection is considered if that means more nerve preservation. Postoperatively, the patient had a slight (House–Brackman grade II) facial droop, which resolved over days and developed right trigeminal hypesthesia at several weeks. This case is presented to demonstrate a combined petrosectomy technique for resection of lesions extending into both the middle and posterior cranial fossa with near total resection and trigeminal nerve preservation.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/kA9GyFhL1dg.