bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community-based fisheries management exert a vast value-added effective protection footprint in Amazonian forests
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Carla , Costa Hugo , Peres Carlos , Brondízio Eduardo , Dias Adevaldo , Dias José , Constantino Pedro , Ladle Richard , Malhado Ana , Campos-Silva Joao
Published: January 2024

Community-based conservation has gained traction in the Brazilian Amazon due to its potential in combining territorial protection, local well-being, and biodiversity conservation. Here, we conducted an innovative assessment of the effective protection footprint of the largest community-based fisheries conservation arrangement in the Amazon. Local communities effectively protected between 1 and 13 lakes, which were on average 47.4 ha in size. However, the effective protection area was approximately 8-fold larger than the extent of direct protection, defined as the immediate focal area sustaining financial returns through co-management. The additional protection of a ‘functional area’ was on average 11,188 ha, or 36-fold larger than the directly protected area. Although the average cost of effective protection was low (US$0.95 ha‒1 yr‒1), this was entirely incurred by low-income local communities Our study underscores the remarkable effort leveraged by Amazonian rural communities in protecting natural ecosystems and the imperative need to develop compensation mechanisms to financially reward them, which are currently lacking.
Improving the operational performance of a wastewater treatment plant using GPS-X simulation program: A case study in northern Taiwan
Authors: Chen Kuen-Lin , Hou Ching-Wen , Liu Chen-Wuing , Wang Han-Yi
Published: January 2024

Effectively optimizing the design process of a wastewater treatment plant to achieve higher pollutant removal rates is extremely time-consuming, and digital model simulations are an effective way to optimize the operational performance of an existing wastewater treatment plant. This study takes the oxidation channel treatment process at Guishan wastewater treatment plant as an example and uses GPS-X wastewater treatment system simulation software to simulate improvement scenarios. Five scenarios were simulated, including scenario A: increased flow rate, scenario B: increased aeration in oxidation ditches, scenario C: returned flow from the secondary settling tanks to the anoxic sections of oxidation ditches, scenario D: a combination of scenarios A + B, and scenario E: a combination of scenarios A + B + C. The simulation results revealed that among the five scenarios, scenario E exhibited the most significant improvement in ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rates. Under scenario E, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate increased from 36.4–95.0%, and the total nitrogen removal rate increased from 50.5–86.3%.
G protein beta4 as a structural determinant of enhanced
nucleotide exchange in the A2A adenosine receptor Gs complex
Authors: Yeager Mark , McIntire William , Purdy Michael , Leonhardt Susan , Kucharska Iga , Hanson Michael , Poulos Sandra , Garrison James , Linden Joel
Published: January 2024

Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AAR) evoke pleiotropic intracellular signaling events via activation of the stimulatory heterotrimeric G protein, Gs. Here, we used cryoEM to solve the agonist-bound structure of A2AAR in a complex with full-length Gs alpha and Gbeta4gamma2. The orthosteric binding site of A2AAR-Gs alpha:beta4gamma2 was similar to other structures of agonist-bound A2AAR, with or without Gs. Unexpectedly, the solvent accessible surface area within the interior of the complex was substantially larger for the complex with Gbeta4 versus the closest analog, A2AAR-miniGs alpha:beta1gamma2. Consequently, there are fewer interactions between the switch II in Gs alpha and the Gbeta4 torus. In reconstitution experiments Gbeta4gamma2 displayed a ten-fold higher efficiency over Gbeta1gamma2 in catalyzing A2AAR dependent GTPgammaS binding to Gs alpha. We propose that the less constrained switch II in A2AAR-Gs alpha:beta4gamma2 accounts for this increased efficiency. These results suggest that Gbeta4 functions as a positive allosteric enhancer versus Gbeta1.
Evaluation of retinal vascular density using OCTA in adolescents with myopia without maculopathy
Authors: Xiao Wenchao , Wei Ran , Zhao Wenting , Zhong Jingxiang
Published: January 2024

Background Myopia is a prevalent refractive disorder of the eye and is becoming a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. The incidence of myopia has been increasing steadily over the past few decades, particularly in East Asia, and is projected to grow even more rapidly in the next 50 years. With advancements in technology, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has the potential to serve as a rapid, non-invasive imaging modality for assessing microvascular changes at the capillary level. Previous studies using OCTA have shown that retinal perfusion is reduced and the area of insufficient blood flow in the choriocapillaris is increased in myopia. However, these studies had limitations, such as a wide age range (25–83 years) and a small sample size (< 50 eyes).Methods OCTA was performed on a sample of 108 teenagers aged 9 to 12. The participants were divided into three groups: LM (spherical equivalence (SE) ≥ − 3D and ≤ -1D), MM (SE ≥ − 5.75D and ≤ -3.25D), and NM (SE ≤ -6.00D). Vascular densities in the macula, including the overall macula, fovea, parafovea, superior hemi, and inferior hemi, were measured in the superficial, deep, and choriocapillaris layers of the retina.Results The study found no significant differences in terms of gender, age, K1, and K2. However, significant differences in the axis length of the eyes (p < 0.001) were observed. The vessel length density analysis revealed no significant differences in the central, inner, and outer layers (p > 0.05). Similarly, the vessel density analysis showed no significant differences in the central, inner, and outer layers (p > 0.05).Conclusion The results indicate that there were no significant differences in macular vascular density among the three groups. This suggests that spherical equivalence does not impact the vascular density of the macula in healthy myopia.
A New Multi-attribute Group Decision-making Method based on Einstein Bonferroni Operators under Interval-valued Fermatean Hesitant Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Lei Siyue , Ma Xiuqin , Qin Hongwu , Wang Yibo , Zain Jasni Mohamad
Published: January 2024

Interval-valued Fermatean hesitant fuzzy set (IVFHFS) was presented as a novel mathematical model that handled uncertain data more effectively in 2022. In this study, firstly, we introduce the interval-valued Fermatean hesitant fuzzy Einstein Bonferroni mean (IVFHFEBM) operator and the interval-valued Fermatean hesitant fuzzy Einstein weighted Bonferroni mean (IVFHFEWBM) operator under Einstein t-norms. Our suggested aggregation operators consider the relationship between attributes and are far more flexible in comparison to the current approaches. Then, a novel multi-attribute group decision-making method on the basis of Einstein Bonferroni operators under IVFHFS environment is given. Finally, the practicality and validity of the proposed method are demonstrated by a cardiovascular disease diagnosis application.
Genetic and phenotypic differentiation in functional traits of Iris pseudacorus L. in native and introduced Mediterranean climate ranges
Authors: Gallego-Tévar Blanca , Grewell Brenda J. , Gaskin John F. , Castillo Jesús M.
Published: January 2024

Intraspecific variation in functional traits between native and alien plant species may underlie resilience and invasiveness of aliens. We explored if observed phenotypic variation of Iris pseudacorus L. between populations in the native vs. introduced ranges results from genetic differentiation and/or phenotypic plasticity. Seeds were collected from populations along estuarine stress gradients within populations in both Guadalquivir Estuary (Andalusia, Spain) and San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary (California, USA). Genetic analysis was performed on leaf tissue from plants in each seed donor population. Germinants (n = 48: 6 plants X 4 populations X 2 ranges) were grown for 12 months in a common garden experiment (CGE). We then evaluated 25 traits including growth, biomass allocation, morphological and biochemical responses. Geographic range explained relative intraspecific trait variation segregating native from alien phenotypes. Native plants had lower specific leaf area (-23%) and carbohydrate concentrations in rhizomes (-63%) than introduced plants, providing evidence of genetic differentiation. Higher genetic diversity and 27% higher phenotypic variation (CGE) of native vs. alien plants indicated longer-term adaptive processes in the native range. Genetic distance of alien populations (field) increased along with their phenotypic distance (CGE), suggesting rapid genetic differentiation. Phenotypic plasticity also explained some observed inter-range differences under field conditions not expressed by plants in the CGE. Management of the alien I. pseudacorus populations should be established urgently since they represent novel genotypes with key functional traits that can support invasiveness through increased competitive ability and physiological stress tolerances to sea level rise.
Transmission of malaria intensity in changing climate of Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Athar , Shoaib Muhammad , Saeed Fahad , Akhtar Ibrar ul Hassan
Published: January 2024

This research is carried out to determine the change in the spatio-temporal patterns in transmission of malaria intensity across Pakistan using a dynamical malaria model: VECtor borne disease community model of ICTP, TRIeste (VECTRI). The VECTRI malaria model takes into account the climatic parameters of temperature and precipitation. Thus, the impact of climate change on malaria transmission intensity is estimated over the data sparse region of Pakistan at administrative level of districts across provinces. The temperature and precipitation were derived from an ensemble of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 climate models that simulated the climate of Pakistan comparatively better. The Entomological Inoculation Rate (EIR) is considered as a measure of the intensity of malaria transmission. Additionally, standardized anomaly of projected malaria cases in Pakistan is computed and compared with the observed cases count for the recent decade of 2010–2019. It is noted that during the months of August-October, Pakistan has the largest EIR, whereas the lowest EIR occur during the months of December-March. As a consequence of changing climate, the severity and duration of malaria transmission season in the northern regions of Pakistan are projected to increase in the coming decades, as quantified in terms of EIR.
Flexural Investigation of RC Beams with Impeded Steel Truss Using Steel Angles
Authors: hassan mostafa Ahmed , Lofty Eslam A. , Hassan Khaled Mostafa , Kamal Ismail M.
Published: January 2024

This paper emphasizes on testing the flexural capacity of Hybrid Steel Truss Reinforced Concrete Beam (HSTRCB), where a prefabricated steel truss is embedded into concrete beam instead of conventional rebars, forming a composite section. Five doubly reinforced concrete beams were designed, casted, experimentally tested and analyzed to investigate the flexural behavior of HSTRCB, in comparison to ordinary reinforced concrete beams. All beams were designed according to ACI 318, having same flexural capacity. First beam is ordinary reinforced concrete beam while the other four HSTRCB were designed having identical steel angles, as compression and tension reinforcement, with different shear reinforcement alignment, and spacing. The results showed that HSTRCB improves cracking moment, stiffness, energy absorption and effective cracked moment of inertia during the entire loading stages.
The Global Evolution of Inflammatory Bowel Disease across Four Epidemiologic Stages
Authors: Kaplan Gilaad , Hracs Lindsay , Windsor Joseph , Gorospe Julia , Cummings Michael , Coward Stephanie , Buie Michael , Quan Joshua , Goddard Quinn , Caplan Léa , Markovinović Ante , Williamson Tyler , Abbey Yvonne , Abdullah Murdani , Abreu Maria , Ahuja Vineet , Ali Raja Affendi Raja , Altuwaijri Mansour , Balderramo Domingo , Banerjee Rupa , Benchimol Eric , Bernstein Charles , Brunet-Mas Eduard , Burisch Johan , Chong Vui Heng , Dotan Iris , Dutta Usha , Ouali Sara El , Forbes Angela , Forss Anders , Gearry Richard , Dao Viet Hang , Hartono Juanda , Hilmi Ida , Hodges Phoebe , Jones Gareth-Rhys , Juliao-Baños Fabián , Kaibullayeva Jamilya , Kelly Paul , Kobayashi Taku , Kotze Paulo , Lakatos Peter , Lees Charlie , Limsrivilai Julajak , Lo Bobby , Loftus Edward , Ludvigsson Jonas , Mak Joyce , Miao Yinglei , Ng Ka Kei , Okabayashi Shinji , Olén Ola , Panaccione Remo , Paudel Mukesh , Quaresma Abel , Rubin David , Simadibrata Marcellus , Sun Yang , Suzuki Hidekazu , Toro Martin , Turner Dan , Vergara Beatriz , Wei Shu Chen , Yamamoto-Furusho Jesus , Yang Suk-Kyun , Ng Siew
Published: January 2024

During the 20th century, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was considered a disease of early-industrialized regions in North America, Europe, and Oceania. At the turn of the 21st century, incidence of IBD increased in newly-industrialized and emerging regions in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, while prevalence in early-industrialized regions started to grow steadily. Changes in incidence and prevalence denote evolution of IBD across four epidemiologic stages: Stage 1 (Emergence), characterized by low incidence and prevalence; stage 2 (Acceleration in Incidence), characterized by rapidly rising incidence and low prevalence; and stage 3 (Compounding Prevalence), characterized by decelerating, plateauing, or declining incidence and steadily rising prevalence. A fourth stage (Prevalence Equilibrium) has been proposed where the slope of prevalence plateaus due to shifting demographics of an aging IBD population, but it has not yet been evidenced. To date, these stages have been theoretical without specific incidence/prevalence indicators defining transition points. Using real-world data from 490 population-based studies comprising 80 global regions and spanning over a century (1920–2023), we show spatiotemporal transitions across stages 1–3 and model transition towards stage 4. Understanding the evolution of IBD across epidemiologic stages allows healthcare systems to better prepare for the future worldwide burden of IBD.
Deep Learning revealed statistics of the MgO particles dissolution rate in a CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO slag
Authors: Brunner Roland , Chamasemani Fereshteh Falah , Lenzhofer Florian
Published: January 2024

Accelerated material development for refractory ceramics triggers enhanced possibilities in context to enhanced energy efficiency for industrial processes. Here, the gathering of comprehensive material data is essential. High temperature-confocal laser scanning microscopy (HT-CLSM) displays a highly suitable in-situ method to study the dissolution kinetics within the slag over time. However, a major challenge concerns the efficient and accurate processing of the large amount of collected image data. Here, the application of encoder-decoder convolutional network (U-Net) for the fully automated evaluation of the particle dissolution rate, overcoming manual evaluation drawbacks and providing accurate, fast and, sufficient statistical information is introduced. The developed U-Net allows an automated diameter evaluation of the MgO particles' dissolution in the silicate slag from 15 HT-CLSM experiments at three experimental temperatures 1450, 1500, and 1550°C. Moreover, the model can be applied to particle tracking and identification in various domains.
Assessment of Volumetric Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol) for selected computed tomography scanners in Uganda
Authors: Rukundo Wellen , Ninsiima Lynn , Nimbashabira Natharius , Luwalira Noah Deogratias
Published: January 2024

The Atomic Energy Council conducted routine inspections on 42 facilities with Computed Tomography (CT) scanners in Uganda to verify the compliance of their CTDIvol with the established regulatory machine performance standards. The findings of the inspections revealed that most scanners complied with the recommended regulatory dose limits for the adult abdomen, adult head, and pediatric abdomen examinations. The mean optimal doses deduced from the study were 5 mGy, 15 mGy, and 50 mGy for pediatric abdomen, adult abdomen, and head examinations respectively. However, a considerable number of scanners, 4%, 6%, and 20% produced doses exceeding the regulatory limits for pediatric abdomen, adult abdomen, and adult head respectively. It was established that some of the corrective actions for scanners that produced high doses exceeding the regulatory limit were (1) varying of tube current parameters, and (2) varying of pitch. The scanners Y and Z produced exceedingly very high doses compared to the regulatory limit and were recommended for immediate suspension to correct for the dose irregularity. The study also established that about 50% of CTs were of the modern era with improved technologies of dose optimization and minimization. However, the operators had limited access rights to interact and utilize these technological advancements. It was therefore, recommended that all stakeholders involved in supplying, acquiring, and operating these machines to ensure that the end users (radiation workers) acquire adequate end-user training and retraining programs. We also recommend the facilities to perform acceptance and commissioning tests and periodic quality control tests to ensure compliance of the CT machines with the regulatory dose limits.
The relationship between parity, mode of delivery, age at childbirth and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study
Authors: ma jinlong , Li Xiang , Li Qiuyue , Sun Zhenqian , Chen Yunzhen , Jiao Guangjun , Wang Hongliang
Published: January 2024

Background
As a neuro-psycho-social event, birth can impact the maternal health. The relationship between birth and bone health remains unclear, requiring further research to explore their association.
Methods
Our study was based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2005-2020). Propensity score matching, Welch's two-sample t-test, Linear mixed models and Partial correlation analysis were used to examine the relationship between birth and BMD.
Results
We obtained 5727 participants. Welch's two-sample t-test showed that delivered subjects had lower mean BMD of the lumbar spine and lower limbs. The data from the linear mixed model showed a decrease in BMD of lower limbs and a decrease in BMD of lower spine in delivered subjects compared to those who had not. The same analyses showed lower BMD. Partial correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between age at birth and BMD in women who gave birth vaginally.
Conclusions
Women who have given birth have lower BMD compared to women who have not given birth. At the same time, BMD is negatively correlated with parity and age at delivery. Most importantly, we found for the first time a damaging association between vaginal delivery and BMD of lower limbs.
Bridging the digital divide for outpatients treated with anticancer chemotherapy: A retrospective quantitative and qualitative analysis of an adapted electronic Patient Reported Outcome program
Authors: Boiteau Coralie , Alarcon Natividad , Joly Charlotte , Fenioux Charlotte , Queval Claire , Dutendas Sylvie , Bartoszczyk Isabelle , Nadji Hadjer Ben , Bouayed Meriem , Ganter Claude , Quatrehomme Naël , Agius Catherine , Tournigand Christophe , Kempf Emmanuelle
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Electronic Patient Reported Outcomes (e-PRO) improves cancer patient quality of life and overall survival. Digital divide might lead to unequal access to telehealth. The aim of this study was to evaluate how a dedicated human and IT support program could bridge the digital divide. Methods: Between February 2021 and June 2022, solid cancer outpatients undergoing chemotherapy at the Mondor Teaching Hospital, France, were provided with the e-PRO Onco’nect® tool. Patients with digital disconnection were offered an IT and human dedicated program (lending of a tablet, caregivers, educational program, technical, peer-to-peer support). We collected data on patients’ healthcare pathways, and we performed semi-structured interviews to assess patients’ challenges.Results: We enrolled 22 patients: 15 females, 50% were aged > 70 years (interquartile range (IQR), 64–74), 14 had gastro-intestinal cancer, 15 patients had metastases, 14 lived alone. Ten patients out of 22 benefited from the program and completed > 50% of the questionnaires and 5/22 (23%) completed > 75%. The majority (12/22) remained poor adherent to e-PRO during a median treatment duration of 4 months (IQR, 3–7). There was no association between the level of social deprivation and the completeness of questionnaires. The underuse of the e-PRO went beyond patients’ understanding of its clinical relevance and their technical competence and was related to a poor health literacy and an emotional burden. Conclusion: IT and human support help a significant proportion of patients to access telehealth. Most of the disconnected patients were unable to engage digital health, mainly due to their health literacy level.
Measurement of Social Support among People with Dementia in Indonesia: A Validation of the Personal Resource Questionnaire-2000 Indonesia version (PRQ2000-INA)
Authors: Vidyanti Amelia Nur , Nafiati Rizqa , Putri Galenisa Falinda Santika , Prodjohardjono Astuti , Effendy Christantie
Published: January 2024

Background
Social support may affect the clinical outcomes of people with dementia. However, studies investigating the relationship between social support and cognitive functioning in patients with dementia are still lacking due to the limited instruments available for measuring social support. The Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ2000) is an instrument used to assess perceived social support in a wide range of populations. We aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the PRQ2000 Indonesia version (PRQ2000-INA) in people with mild to moderate dementia.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. We conducted forward-backwards translation of the questionnaire. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used for the validity test. The reliability test was determined by using Cronbach's alpha value. The PRQ2000-INA has 15 questions that are divided into 3 factor dimensions of social support.
Results
The results of the CFA test of 75 respondents showed that all questions in each factor of the PRQ2000-INA were valid and had acceptable construct validity for measuring social support. The Cronbach's alpha values for factor 1, factor 2, and factor 3 were 0.903, 0.918, and 0.940, respectively, indicating that these were reliable instruments.
Conclusion
The PRQ2000-INA has good validity and reliability for measuring social support in people with mild to moderate dementia. Future studies are needed to investigate the role of social support in cognitive functioning in people with dementia.
Magnetic resonance enterography has high diagnostic accuracy in detecting fibrotic bowel strictures in Crohn’s Disease——A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Min Si , Xu Chen Yue , Dang Yan , Li Peng , Xu Li Xue , Wu Jing , Shi Hai Yun
Published: January 2024

Background and Aims
Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) has been reported to identify intestinal strictures in Crohn's disease (CD) patients, and the diagnostic accuracy of MR techniques in differentiating fibrotic from inflammatory strictures remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of current modes of MRE parameters for the detection of fibrosis in stricture lesions of CD patients.
Methods
A systematic search of EMBASE and MEDLINE up to Nov 2022 identified studies examining the diagnostic accuracy of MRE in the detection of fibrotic strictures in CD patients, using histology as the reference standard. Data was pooled using a bivariate random-effects model to estimate the diagnostic efficiency of fibrotic strictures.
Results
The final analysis included 17 studies, involving 1012 stricture lesions of 544 CD patients. MRE had a pooled sensitivity of 93% (95% CI: 86%-97%) and specificity of 89% (95% CI: 82%-93%) for the diagnosis of fibrotic strictures. AUC for the detection of fibrosis was 95% (95% CI: 93%-97%). The specificity significantly increased when the diagnosis was conducted per patient (98%; 95%CI: 95%-100%) rather than per segment (84%; 95%CI:80%-88%; P = 0.01). The application of novel MR analytic parameters could significantly improve the sensitivity of MRE in the diagnosis of fibrous stenosis, compared with conventional MRE imaging (P < 0.01).
Conclusions
MRE has shown excellent potential in the detection of fibrotic strictures in CD patients, with outstanding diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. The application of novel MR analytic parameters could improve the sensitivity of MRE in the diagnosis of fibrous stenosis.
Exploring cell death mechanisms in spheroid cultures: A novel application of the RIP3-Caspase3-Assay
Authors: Philippi Clara Isabell , Hagens Johanna , Heuer Kim Marili , Schmidt Hans Christian , Schuppert Pauline , Raluy Laia Pagerols , Trochimiuk Magdalena , Li Zhongwen , Bunders Madeleine J. , Reinshagen Konrad , Tomuschat Christian
Published: January 2024

This study explores the application of the RIP3-Caspase3-assay in heterogeneous spheroid cultures to analyze cell death pathways, emphasizing the nuanced roles of apoptosis and necroptosis. By employing directly conjugated monoclonal antibodies, we provide detailed insights into the complex mechanisms of cell death. Our findings demonstrate the assay's capability to differentiate between RIP1-independent apoptosis, necroptosis, and RIP1-dependent apoptosis, marking a significant advancement in organoid research. Additionally, we investigate the effects of TNFα on isolated intestinal epithelial cells, revealing a concentration-dependent response and an adaptive or threshold reaction to TNFα-induced stress. The results indicate a preference for RIP1-independent cell death pathways upon TNFα stimulation, with a notable increase in apoptosis and a secondary role of necroptosis. Our research underscores the importance of the RIP3-Caspase3-assay in understanding cell death mechanisms in organoid cultures, offering valuable insights for disease modeling and the development of targeted therapies. The assay's adaptability and robustness in spheroid cultures enhances its potential as a tool in personalized medicine and translational research.
Development and validation of a nomogram for suicide attempts in patients with first-episode drug- naïve major depressive disorder
Authors: Liu Junjun , Tong Ruixiang , Lu Zhaomin , Wang Yangchun , Liu Yang , Yuan Hsinsung , Jia Fengnan , Zhang Xiaobin , Li Zhe , Du Xiangdong , Zhang Xiangyang
Published: January 2024

Objective: The risk of suicide can be decreased by accurately identifying high-risk suicide groups and implementing the right interventions. The aim of this study was to develop a predictive nomogram for suicide attempts (SA) in patients with first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) major depressive disorder (MDD).
Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted, enrolling 1,718 patients diagnosed with FEDN MDD who provided comprehensive clinical data between September 2016 and December 2018. Anthropometric and sociodemographic data were collected from the participants. The severity of depression and anxiety in all subjects was assessed using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), respectively. Additionally, thyroid hormone levels, lipid profile parameters, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured. The confirmation of SA history relied on an amalgamation of medical records, patient interviews, and family interviews. Random allocation assigned participants to either the training group (70%, n = 1,204) or the validation group (30%, n = 514). In the training group, LASSO analysis and multivariate regression were employed to identify the relevant variables associated with SA. Subsequently, a nomogram was developed based on the selected risk factors to predict the probability of SA within the training group. To assess the accuracy of the prediction, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was utilized, and calibration plots were employed to evaluate calibration. Additionally, decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to assess the precision of the prediction model. Finally, internal validation was carried out using the validation group.
Results: We have successfully developed a readily applicable nomogram that utilizes HAMD, HAMA, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) parameters to forecast the likelihood of SA in Chinese patients with FEDN MDD. In both our training and validation groups, the pooled area under the ROC for SA risk was determined to be 0.802 (95% CI: 0.771 to 0.832) and 0.821 (95% CI: 0.774 to 0.868), respectively. Calibration analysis demonstrated a favorable alignment between the predicted probabilities from the nomogram and the actual probabilities. Decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical utility of the nomogram. To facilitate the utilization of the nomogram by clinicians and researchers, an online version is available at https://doctorjunjunliu.shinyapps.io/dynnomapp/.
Conclusions: We constructed and validated a nomogram capable of early identification of FEDN MDD patients with a high risk of SA, thereby contributing to the implementation of effective suicide prevention programs.
Prostaglandin analogs signal detection by data mining in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database.
Authors: Contreras-Salinas Homero , Romero-López María Soledad , Olvera-Montaño Oscar , Rodríguez-Herrera Lourdes Yolotzin
Published: January 2024

Background: Adverse Events (AEs) which are not mentioned in the safety information label the any drug, are considered “unexpected” and must be regarded and analyzed as a safety signal. Prostaglandins cause effects on different cell types around the body, triggering diverse actions, and due to the analogy of an endogenous prostamida of the prostaglandin’s analogs, it is essential to identify the possible association that could cause the use of these drugs in ophthalmologic practice. This study aims to identify safety signals of ophthalmic prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) through data mining the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.
Methods: A data mining search by proportional reporting ratio, reporting odds ratio, Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, information component 0.25, and Chi-squared for safety signals detection was conducted to the FAERS database for the following ophthalmic medications: latanoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, and bimatoprost for the identification AE with statistical associations.
Results: Twelve preferred terms were statistically associated: diabetes mellitus, n=2; hypoacusis, n=2; malignant mediastinal neoplasm, n=1; blood immunoglobulin E increased, n=1; cataract, n=1; blepharospasm, n=1; full blood count abnormal, n=1; skin exfoliation, n=1; chest discomfort, n=1; and dry mouth, n=1.
Conclusions: Of the twelve PTs analyzed, eight of them found information on the possible relationship due to the biological plausibility derived from information from previous research; for this reason, it is relevant to continue investigating the possible drug-event association, whether to refute the safety signal or identify a new risk with its consequent minimization.
From Chronic Pain to Function: A Case Report of Successful Surgical Management of Chronic Osteomyelitis of Jaw.
Authors: Wadde Kavita , Shelke Harshvardhan , Khaire Sameer , Nadkarni Shambhavi
Published: January 2024

Osteomyelitis is a bone inflammation that starts as a medullary cavity infection, spreads quickly to the haversian system and periosteum. Can develop in the jaws due to chronic odontogenic infection, trauma, inadequate treatment of fracture, or jaw irradiation. Untreated acute osteomyelitis can become chronic. Diagnosis involves conventional radiography, culture, bone biopsy, radioisotope bone scan, laser doppler flowmetry, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. we want to highlight various steps involved in diagnosis & management of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis.
Effects of early enteral nutrition on persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome in critically ill patients
Authors: Kashiwagi Shizuka , Kanda Naoki , Yoshida Minoru , Wakimoto Yuji , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Nakamura Kensuke
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Early enteral nutrition (EEN) is controversial whether to reduce infectious complications via preserving intestinal immunity in critically ill patients. Herein, we investigated the association between EEN and an immunocompromised state after critical illness as persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS).
Methods: This propensity score matching analysis utilized the administrative claims database of inpatients. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for more than 3 consecutive days were included. A composite of mortality and PICS: at least two of the following conditions of CRP >2.0 mg/dL, albumin <3.0 g/dL and a lymphocyte count <800/μL on day 14 after admission, was compared as the primary outcome between the EEN group, which received enteral nutrition (EN) on the first 3 days (day 0, 1, or 2), and the late EN (LEN) group, which received EN on days 3 through 7.
Results: 7,530 matched pairs were generated. The primary outcome was significantly lower in the EEN group (risk difference -3.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -4.5 to -1.4%), whereas mortality did not significantly differ. The 28-day composite outcome was also similar. There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality between the EEN and LEN groups; however, the Barthel index at discharge was higher in the EEN group (the medians, 50 vs 45, P=0.001). Laboratory data showed lower Albumin and CRP on day 14 in the EEN group.
Conclusions: EEN was associated with a lower incidence of PICS on days 14 and 28 in the critically ill patients.
Trajectories and Predictors of Emotional Exhaustion in Clinical Nurses in the Context of Healthcare Crisis: A Case Study in Xi'an, China
Authors: Wu Chao , He Chunyan , Zhang Hongli , Lin Yawei , Li Lu , He Jing , Cheng Feixia , Ji Zhaohua , Lang Hongjuan
Published: January 2024

Background
In response to the diminishing toxicity and fatality of the novel coronavirus, China implemented a policy shift at the end of 2022 to relax its control measures pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, a rapid surge in community-level infections ensued, exerting a pronounced strain on the medical and healthcare systems and posing significant challenges and pressures for healthcare workers.
Objective
This study investigated the growth trajectory of emotional exhaustion and its predictors in clinical nurses in the context of healthcare crisis.
Methods
A total of 422 frontline clinical nursing staff from Xi’an, China, were followed up three times over two months, and data from the final 358 clinical nurses were analyzed. The growth mixed model (GMM) was used to identify the trajectory categories, and the predictive factors of the trajectory types were analyzed by logistic regression. The relationship of the trajectory types of emotional exhaustion with psychological capital were analyzed by variance analysis.
Results
The best-fit growth mixture modeling revealed three class models: Class 1 characterized by high and increasing levels of emotional exhaustion, Class 2 characterized by moderate and decreasing levels of emotional exhaustion, and Class 3 characterized by low and decreasing levels of emotional exhaustion. These classes accounted for 9.78%, 83.52%, and 6.70% of clinical nurses, respectively. The results of the univariate analysis indicated that age, years of working experience, gender, past participation in emergency public health event rescue, and sleep quality were associated with the trajectory of emotional exhaustion. Different groups of nursing personnel had varying levels of psychological capital, with higher levels of emotional exhaustion associated with lower levels of psychological capital. Logistic regression analysis revealed that gender, past participation in emergency public health event rescue, and sleep quality were independent predictors of the emotional exhaustion trajectory. Female clinical nurses who had not participated in emergency public health event rescue and had poor sleep quality were more likely to experience persistent high levels of emotional exhaustion.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated the heterogeneity of emotional exhaustion among frontline clinical nursing personnel in coping with healthcare system overload, and the significant impact of gender, past participation in emergency public health event rescue, and sleep quality on the development of emotional exhaustion in clinical nurses. Healthcare administrators should prioritize their attention to clinical nurses who are at a higher risk of developing a persistent high emotional exhaustion pattern and provide targeted interventions.
METTL3-mediated m6A modification of ULK2 regulates autophagy to promote hypertrophic scar progression
Authors: Chen Wei-Wei , Tian Fan , Chen Meng-Nan , Wu Jun-Jie , Zhang Zhen-Yu , Yuan Zheng-Dong , Zhang Kai-Wen , Jia Yuan , Fu Yi-Fei , Chen Yue-Chun , Yuan Feng-Lai
Published: January 2024

Background: The role of autophagy in hypertrophic scar (HS) development and its mechanisms aren't completely understood yet. This study aimed to investigate the role and regulatory mechanisms of fibroblasts and their autophagy in the progression of HS.
Results: Dermal tissues were collected from healthy individuals and those with HS. First, fibroblast autophagy was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. Autophagy increased markedly with the progression of HS in patients and rabbit models, resulting in the activation of fibroblast-associated α-SMA and COL-I. Impaired autophagy via 3-MA reduced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Second, the role of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) in the regulation of autophagy was explored using N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-methylated RNA assays. Excessive m6A modification positively regulated autophagy in fibroblasts from hypertrophic scars (HSF); mechanistically, METTL3-mediated m6A modification increased the expression of unc-51-like kinase 2 (ULK2), which possibly plays redundant roles in autophagy initiation by promoting RNA stability. Third, western blotting, collagen gel contraction, and immunofluorescence assays were performed to determine the effects of autophagy and METTL3 on HS cells, and the regulatory effect of METTL3 on HS was investigated using a rabbit-ear hypertrophic scar model. METTL3 silencing impaired autophagic flux and inhibited fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Subcutaneous injection of METTL3 siRNA suppressed cellular autophagy propagation in HSs and ameliorated HS formation in rabbit ears.
Conclusions: Our study reveals an important role of autophagy in the progression of HS. Targeted METTL3 inhibition can alleviate autophagy in HSF and limit HS development in experimental animal models, thus providing a potential strategy for HS therapy.
Nonlinear Analysis of Irregular Building Due to Intensive Earthquakes
Authors: Pachla Filip , Tatara Tadeusz , Aldabbik Waseem
Published: January 2024

In the twenty-first century, the seismic design of buildings seems to have become a fully recognised topic. There are guidelines and standards which should be taken into account by designers in seismic areas. Designers using modern international guidelines have ascertained that the behaviour of structures is not as expected. New challenges in the construction industry result in the construction of structures with new, unusual shapes. These are structures that do not meet the assumptions of safe construction in seismic areas. Contemporary buildings are also characterized by their irregular distribution of structural elements. Such solutions are not beneficial from the point of view of seismic engineering and can lead to reduced dynamic resistance and damage in such structures. In this paper, a five-storey, irregular-shaped RC building model was subjected to different earthquakes with varying magnitudes, PGA and PGV values, and duration of the intense shock phase. Once the model was verified using previous in-situ measurements, the building model was subjected to five earthquakes. Numerical nonlinear analysis of the building was performed using a verified FEA model in the time domain through non-linear time history analysis with the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) method. The building's dynamic properties were measured using various methods of excitation. The model was influenced, among others, by two far-field representative events caused by the last earthquake in Turkey, which resulted in strong ground motion. The analysis results identified the locations of structural damages and allowed for the assessment of the structure's dynamic resistance. The results of the calculations prove that the duration of the intensive phase of extortion is one of the reasons for the building damage in earthquake-prone. Building collapses occur with earthquakes which are characterized by a long duration of the intensive phase of excitation and high values of velocity of earthquake components. The article highlights inadequate dynamic resistance of the building, leading to excessive drift and unfavourable structural solutions.
Small-molecule RAS/RAF Binding Inhibitors Allosterically Disrupt RAF Conformation and Exert Efficacy Against a Broad Spectrum of RAS-driven Cancers
Authors: Shima Fumi , Yoshikawa Yoko , Makino Yoshiteru , Kubota Hirokazu , Kawamura Takashi , Matsumoto Shigeyuki , Yuki Hitomi , Shibaike Akira , Okamura Megumi , Okada Tomoyo , Horikawa Manabu , Horie Kazumasa , Koyanagi-Aoi Michiyo , Aoi Takashi , Kataoka Tohru , Honma Teruki , Kumasaka Takashi , Koyama Hiroo
Published: January 2024

With the advent of approved subtype-specific RAS inhibitors targeting KRASG12C mutation, the development of RAS inhibitors effective regardless of RAS mutation status is the next major challenge to address clinically prevalent RAS mutations and further overcome RAS-driven acquired resistance to currently available drugs.
Here our multi-module drug screening for compounds capable of RAS/RAF-binding inhibition, and subsequent structural study discovered small-molecule compounds which covalently bind to a unique site in the regulatory domain of RAF, and disrupt RAF conformation allosterically, thereby preventing RAS/RAF-interaction and downstream signals. The compounds exhibit anti-tumor efficacy to multiple cancer types with broad-spectrum RAS mutations including clinically predominant G12D and G12V KRAS, NRAS and HRAS in pre-clinical models. Furthermore, the compounds effectively suppress tumor growth of BRAFV600E-melanoma with acquired resistance to RAF kinase inhibitor.
Collectively, our study provides effectiveness for designing RAF-targeting drugs, and potentially therapeutic RAS/RAF-signaling inhibitors with novel mechanism to overcome broad-range RAS-driven cancers.
Material Type Prediction Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Ray Debmalya Ray Debmalya
Published: January 2024

In materials science, traditional experimental and computational approaches require the investment of enormous amounts of time and resources, and the experimental conditions limit the use of these methods. Sometimes, traditional approaches may not yield satisfactory results for the desired purpose. Therefore, it is essential to develop a new approach to accelerate experimental progress and avoid unnecessary waste of time and resources.
Advanced magnetic resonance imaging detects altered placental development in pregnancies affected by congenital heart disease
Authors: Cromb Daniel , Slator Paddy , Hall Megan , Price Anthony , Alexander Daniel , Counsell Serena , Hutter Jana
Published: January 2024

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital malformation and is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The placenta is crucial for healthy fetal development and placental development is altered in pregnancy when the fetus has CHD. This study utilized advanced combined diffusion-relaxation MRI and a data-driven analysis technique to test the hypothesis that placental microstructure and perfusion are altered in CHD-affected pregnancies. 48 participants (36 controls, 12 CHD) underwent 67 MRI scans (50 control, 17 CHD). Significant differences in the weighting of two independent placental and uterine-wall tissue components were identified between the CHD and control groups (both pFDR<0.001), with changes most evident after 30 weeks gestation. A significant trend over gestation in weighting for a third independent tissue component was also observed in the CHD cohort (R = 0.50, pFDR=0.04), but not in controls. These findings add to existing evidence that placental development is altered in CHD. The results may reflect alterations in placental perfusion or the changes in fetal-placental flow, villous structure and maturation that occur in CHD. Further research is needed to validate and better understand these findings and to understand the relationship between placental development, CHD, and its neurodevelopmental implications.
Ileosigmoid knotting: experience from resource limited setup a retrospective review of cases at leku general hospital, sidama, Ethiopia
Authors: Kibret Asfaw
Published: January 2024

Introduction; Ileosigmoid knotting is an uncommon cause of acute intestinal obstruction where the ileum wraps around the base of the sigmoid colon. The condition rapidly progresses to gangrene of the ileum and sigmoid colon.Due to the unfamiliarity of this entity and confusing and contradictory features of the disease preoperative exact diagnosis is not easy.
Methodology ;this is a retrospective cross sectional 3years case management review of ileosigmoid knotting in Leku general hospital which is resource limited and district hospital and the aim is to share little experience in managing this cases, as well to add the existing data to the research community.
Result; a total of only 5 ileosigmoid knotting cases were encountered in the last 3 years at Leku general hospital emergency surgery department.4 of the patients were male and the remaining 1case was female. The mean age was 43.8yrs.All the cases were presented with gangrenous bowel segment, both small bowel and sigmoid colon except, 1 viable sigmoid colon among. Resection and primary anastomosis done for all patients (both small bowel and sigmoid colon).No stoma done. All patients were discharged alive. Only 1 patient developed surgical site infection.
Conclusion; Ileosigmoid knotting is very rare surgical emergency surgeons may encounter in their practice and should be considered as a cause of acute intestinal obstruction with strangulation. Adequate resuscitation and surgery improves prognosis. Based on the patients and bowel condition small bowel as well as colonic primary anastomosis has favorable outcome