bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved methods for detection and arrival picking of microseismic events with low signal-to-noise ratios
Authors: Tan Yuyang , He Chuan
Published: February 2016

Detection and arrival picking of microseismic events with low signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) are problematic because these events are usually obscured by ambient noise. We have developed an intraevent coherence-based event detection method to address this problem. The innovations of this method include the adaptation of a crosscorrelation, least-squares-based algorithm to achieve better moveout correction for successive record segments and the use of a multichannel semblance coefficient to identify the microseismic events. After finding the events, we adopted a new picker to determine their P- and S-wave arrival times. This picker was developed by combining three aspects of the distinction between seismic signal and ambient noise, namely, the (1) amplitude, (2) polarization, and (3) statistic property differences. We evaluated the performance of the proposed methods using a real data set recorded during an 11-stage hydraulic fracture stimulation. We have determined that, for microseismic event detection, the proposed method has an overall false trigger rate of 12%. As for arrival picking, the average picking error of the new picker is [Formula: see text] and its standard deviation is [Formula: see text]. Comparison of the results of different event detection and arrival picking methods versus the S/N of the data demonstrates that the proposed methods are more applicable for detection and arrival picking of low S/N microseismic events.
Oxygenated Cup-Stacked Carbon Nanofibers/TiO2 Composite Films with Enhanced Photocatalytic Currents
Authors: Komori Kikuo , Yamura Kentaro , Kogo Atsushi , Takahashi Yusuke , Tatsuma Tetsu , Sakoda Akiyoshi , Sakai Yasuyuki
Published: February 2016

Oxygenated cup-stacked carbon nanofibers (ox-CSCNFs), the surface of which provides highly ordered graphene edges and oxygen-containing functional groups, were introduced to a nanoporous TiO2 photoelectrode for enhanced photocatalytic currents. The ox-CSCNFs are characterized by good electric conductivity and high dispersibility in solvents. Under UV irradiation, short-circuit photocurrents based on water oxidation at the photoelectrode and oxygen reduction at a counter electrode were enhanced by about 15 times by introduction of the ox-CSCNFs. The oxygen-containing functional groups, which may facilitate good contact between the ox-CSCNFs and TiO2, are essential for the dramatic enhancement in the photocurrent. Recombination efficiency between excited electrons and generated holes may be reduced by facilitated electron transport from excited TiO2 to a substrate electrode via ox-CSCNFs. Photocurrents for photocatalytic oxidation of glucose were also enhanced by about 20-fold. The present composite materials would be applied to photocatalytic and photovoltaic cells with enhanced performances.
Axonal maintenance, glia, exosomes, and heat shock proteins
Authors: Tytell Michael , Lasek Raymond J. , Gainer Harold
Published: February 2016

Of all cellular specializations, the axon is especially distinctive because it is a narrow cylinder of specialized cytoplasm called axoplasm with a length that may be orders of magnitude greater than the diameter of the cell body from which it originates. Thus, the volume of axoplasm can be much greater than the cytoplasm in the cell body. This fact raises a logistical problem with regard to axonal maintenance. Many of the components of axoplasm, such as soluble proteins and cytoskeleton, are slowly transported, taking weeks to months to travel the length of axons longer than a few millimeters after being synthesized in the cell body. Furthermore, this slow rate of supply suggests that the axon itself might not have the capacity to respond fast enough to compensate for damage to transported macromolecules. Such damage is likely in view of the mechanical fragility of an axon, especially those innervating the limbs, as rapid limb motion with high impact, like running, subjects the axons in the limbs to considerable mechanical force. Some researchers have suggested that local, intra-axonal protein synthesis is the answer to this problem. However, the translational state of axonal RNAs remains controversial. We suggest that glial cells, which envelop all axons, whether myelinated or not, are the local sources of replacement and repair macromolecules for long axons. The plausibility of this hypothesis is reinforced by reviewing several decades of work on glia-axon macromolecular transfer, together with recent investigations of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles, as vehicles for the transmission of membrane and cytoplasmic components from one cell to another.
Nomenclature of Isotrema, Siphisia, and Endodeca, and their related infrageneric taxa of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae)
Authors: Tetsuo Ohi-Toma , Murata Jin
Published: February 2016

The circumscription of Aristolochia L. s.l. (Aristolochiaceae) and its infrageneric taxa has been variable. In some classifications, Aristolochia subg. Siphisia (Raf.) Duch. has often been recognized, but the author citation of the subgenus is incorrect because the generic name Siphisia Raf. is superfluous and illegitimate. In the course of reviewing this author citation, we noticed that the nomenclature for the related genera Isotrema Raf. and Endodeca Raf., and the subtribes Aristolochiinae H.Huber and Isotrematinae H.Huber requires reconsideration. Herein, we review the nomenclatural history of Isotrema, Siphisia, Endodeca, and related genera. We also discuss the related infrageneric taxa of Aristolochia and the subtribes Aristolochiinae and Isotrematinae. Consequently, we confirm that the types of Isotrema and Endodeca and their author citations are I. sipho (L’Hér.) Raf. ex B.D.Jacks. and E. hastata Raf., respectively. In addition, we correct the author citation for Aristolochia subg. Siphisia to (Duch.) O.C.Schmidt. Furthermore, the names Aristolochiinae and Isotrematinae are found to have been invalidly published, since they lacked a Latin description or diagnosis, or reference to earlier validly published names.
Review and typification of names of taxa proposed by J. Planellas Giralt (1820–1888)
Authors: Guàrdia Roser , Soriano Ignasi
Published: February 2016

Vascular plant names proposed by Planellas were reviewed and, when necessary and possible, typified. Eight lectotypes and one neotype have been designated.
Systematics and character evolution of Vinceae (Apocynaceae)
Authors: Simões André O. , Kinoshita Luiza S. , Koch Ingrid , Silva Márcio J. , Endress Mary E.
Published: February 2016

Vinceae comprises 9 genera and about 153 species. The genera differ greatly in a number of morphological traits, especially those relating to fruit and seeds, which resulted in their placement in different tribes and/or subtribes by earlier taxonomists. Here, 378 new chloroplast DNA sequences from 98 species from 5 tribes of the rauvolfioid grade were analyzed phylogenetically to test the monophyly of Vinceae, its 6 subtribes, and constituent genera, as well as the sectional treatments of Rauvolfia, and to find morphological synapomorphies for major clades. Vinceae, as currently circumscribed, was found to be monophyletic as were four of the six subtribes. Kopsia and Ochrosia were confirmed as successive sister groups to the rest. All nine genera currently recognized in the tribe were resolved as monophyletic, Laxoplumeria and Tonduzia for the first time. The broad circumscription of Petchia and Ochrosia proposed by previous authors was supported. The pantropical genus Rauvolfia is divided into two major lineages: one comprised entirely of paleotropical species, and the other the neotropical species, a recurring geographic pattern in the family. Surprisingly, the Hawaiian species of Vinceae have probably arisen by two different trans‐oceanic routes, either by long‐distance dispersal from Australasian (Ochrosia spp.) or Caribbean (Rauvolfia sandwicensis) ancestors. Within Rauvolfia, most of the sections, series and subseries recognized in previous classifications are paraphyletic. Only 2 of the 14 sections of Rauvolfia proposed by Pichon and 1 of the 11 sections proposed by Rao that are not monospecific were found to be monophyletic. Mapping of 30 morphological characters onto the molecular tree identified an unlobed upper wreath on the style head as an unambigous synapomorphy characterizing the tribe as well as synapomorphies for each of its genera. The two earliest‐branching genera, Kopsia and Ochrosia, have dextrorse corolla lobe aestivation, in contrast to the sinistrorse corollas of the other Vinceae and the great majority of genera throughout the rauvolfioid grade. Drupes have arisen in parallel at least three times within Vinceae. The adaptations of the endocarp for water dispersal are possibly ancestral in the tribe, and the observed morphological differences between the drupaceous fruits of Kopsia/Ochrosia versus Petchia and Rauvolfia may be due to their abiotic versus biotic dispersal mode, respectively.
Mining Brand Perceptions from Twitter Social Networks
Authors: Culotta Aron , Cutler Jennifer
Published: February 2016

Consumer perceptions are important components of brand equity and therefore marketing strategy. Segmenting these perceptions into attributes such as eco-friendliness, nutrition, and luxury enable a fine-grained understanding of the brand’s strengths and weaknesses. Traditional approaches towards monitoring such perceptions (e.g., surveys) are costly and time consuming, and their results may quickly become outdated. Extant data mining methods are unsuitable for this goal, and generally require extensive hand-annotated data or context customization, which leads to many of the same limitations as direct elicitation. Here, we investigate a novel, general, and fully automated method for inferring attribute-specific brand perception ratings by mining the brand’s social connections on Twitter. Using a set of over 200 brands and three perceptual attributes, we compare the method’s automatic ratings estimates with directly-elicited survey data, finding a consistently strong correlation. The approach provides a reliable, flexible, and scalable method for monitoring brand perceptions, and offers a foundation for future advances in understanding brand-consumer social media relationships.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0968 .
‘I'm singing in the rain, what a glorious feeling…’
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: February 2016

We are blessed with many rainy days in the UK and with appropriate clothing these can be enjoyed. Use the rain as an inspiration for art, dance and song, and explore its properties with some exciting experiments.
Itsy bitsy spider
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: February 2016

As part of a series about the insects that share our environment, Lynne Garner offers a range of activities promoting communication and language skill development, inspired by spiders.
Positive labelling
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: February 2016

Children's first experience of writing often involves learning to write their name, a skill which they will use to label their artwork. Encourage writing in your setting with the following label-making activities.
La trama social de la economía popular en el Conurbano bonaerense. Algunas precisiones conceptuales
Authors: Vio Marcela , Cabrera María Claudia
Published: February 2016

Este trabajo presenta algunas conceptualizaciones surgidas de una investigación iniciada en el año 2011 en el marco de un convenio entre el Ministerio de Desarrollo Social de la Provincia de Buenos Aires y la Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda y que continúa hasta el presente en esa Universidad. La misma tiene por objeto estudiar la economía popular realmente existente. Se presentan las dos posiciones que asumen las discusiones sobre la economía popular en la academia y se sitúa la propia investigación en función de esas posiciones. En esta discusión se jerarquiza la evidencia empírica, por lo que se avanza en reflexiones que apuntan a poner en el centro de la escena cuestiones teórico–metodológicas para el estudio de esa economía realmente existente. Puntualmente, se profundiza en las estrategias de reproducción social de los sectores populares y se propone el estudio de cuatro de ellas: las que procuran obtención de bienesde uso, obtención de ingresos, acceso al financiamiento y acumulación de un “fondo de reproducción” de los hogares.
Derechos económicos de las mujeres rurales en el proceso de cambio de Bolivia: un análisis normativo
Authors: Argandoña Bishelly Elías
Published: February 2016

El “proceso de cambio” boliviano que se inicia en el año 2006 configura un nuevo escenario para generar normas que promuevan los derechos económicos de las mujeres rurales. La Constitución Política del Estado plantea la equidad de género como un principio del sistema de gobierno, sin embargo las agendas de las organizaciones de mujeres urbanas y rurales no son las mismas; mientras que las mujeres urbanas han avanzado hacia la consolidación de la participación política, las mujeres rurales han avanzado en los derechos de acceso a la tierra y desarrollo rural. Ambos caminos presentan desafíos para lograr que la participación igualitaria de las mujeres en los distintos niveles de Estado sea una oportunidad para efectivizar los derechos de las mujeres rurales.
Breve esbozo de una propuesta para la inclusión de socios trabajadores de las Cooperativas Especializadas de Trabajo en el Sistema de Seguridad Social del Paraguay
Authors: Carosini Ruiz–Díaz Ana Leticia
Published: February 2016

El artículo se deriva de la tesis presentada en la Maestría Oficial en Economía Social, Cooperativas y Entidades No Lucrativas de la Universidad de Valencia, España, en la cual se aborda una problematización sobre políticas públicas vinculadas a la seguridad social en el Paraguay y la inclusión de los socios de las Cooperativas Especializadas de Trabajo (CET). La pregunta de investigación es la siguiente: ¿es posible estructurar el sistema de seguridad social en Paraguay de manera que incluya a los socios trabajadores de las CET?, y para responderla se traza como objetivo proponer lineamientos básicos para un Seguro Social que incluyan a los socios trabajadores de las CET en el Paraguay sobre la base del modelo español. Con un nivel de investigación exploratorio, descriptivo, explicativo y propositivo, se ha logrado analizar la situación de las CET desde el punto de vista legal e institucional en el país y esbozar algunos lineamientos principales para una intercooperación de la Economía Social y Solidaria (ESS).
De la extensión a la formación y la incubación. El desarrollo de prácticas académico–territoriales en Economía Social y Solidaria en la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes
Authors: Altschuler Bárbara , Muñoz Cancela Cecilia
Published: February 2016

¿Cuál es el aporte fundamental que puede hacer la universidad pública para el desarrollo y fortalecimiento de una economía social y solidaria y cuáles son las principales limitaciones, desafíos y potencialidades que encontramos día a día en el proceso de construcción de otra economía? El presente artículo tiene por horizonte compartir y exponer de forma ordenada algunas de las reflexiones y debates vinculados al desarrollo de la economía social y solidaria durante los últimos años en Argentina, poniendo especial atención a supresencia en el ámbito de las universidades públicas y de la articulación de éstas con las políticas públicas destinadas a su promoción. Para exponer estas reflexiones y análisis se hará pie en la experiencia real y concreta que estamos desarrollando desde el año 2011 en el marco del Programa de Economía Social y Solidaria (Programa ESS) de la Secretaría de Extensión de la Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires.
La integración institucional para el desarrollo de la Economía Social y Solidaria. La experiencia del Centro de Emprendedores de la Economía Social en Santa Fe, Argentina
Authors: Lozeco Julio
Published: February 2016

El presente trabajo tiene por fin dar cuenta del rol trascendental que posee la integración institucional y la articulación de las políticas públicas en la construcción de escenarios de intervención para el desarrollo y fortalecimiento de la Economía Social y Solidaria (EES). Se analizará el mismo a la luz de la experiencia del Centro de Emprendedores de la Economía Social (CEES) de la ciudad de Santa Fe, espacio gestionado, horizontalmente, entre la Universidad Nacional del Litoral, el gobierno de la provincia de Santa Fe y el municipio local, que busca promover, en las prácticas productivas de subsistencia de la ciudad, la adopción de estrategias colectivas integrales para la mejora sinérgica de la calidad de vida de sus integrantes.
El Almacén Autogestivo de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Desafíos en la gestión universitaria en la construcción de mercados de la Economía Social y Solidaria
Authors: Recalde Emiliano Nazareno , Chiroque Solano Henry , Guerriere María Virginia
Published: February 2016

Existe un generalizado consenso acerca que nos encontramos en un cambio de época caracterizado por modificaciones estructurales en la sociedad del bienestar salarial fordista. En ese marco, las tres funciones sustantivas de la universidad, en tanto docencia, extensión e investigación, también se han visto trastocadas a partir de la crisis del 2001 en la Argentina. El desborde y desdibujamiento de las fronteras de estas tres funciones a dado lugar al surgimiento de experiencias, emprendimientos y dispositivos que marcan un cambio de paradigma, ahora no solo la universidad busca contribuir a modificar y transformar la sociedad, también los actores que intervienen, pugnan, por transformar la propia institución universitaria. En este marco, el Almacén Autogestivo de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, se propone como un emprendimiento asociativo que busca construir un punto de encuentro, visibilización e intercambio entre productores de la Economía Social y Solidaria y los consumidores de la comunidad universitaria
Una mirada sociodemográfica a los emprendedores de la Economía Social y Solidaria en San Luis. Reflexiones sobre el perfil de los sujetos de derecho vinculados al Programa Nacional de Microcrédito
Authors: Hidalgo Ana Laura
Published: February 2016

Estas notas se proponen construir un abordaje sobre la relación entre política y los sujetos de derecho que intervienen en un territorio concreto. El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cuantitativa realizada a emprendedores vinculados al Programa Nacional de Microcrédito para la Economía Social y Solidaria (ESS) de la ciudad de San Luis. Los resultados aportan una mirada socio demográfica, que supera las lecturas economicistas o instrumentales, y que apuestan a contribuir a una más adecuada implementación de las políticas públicas y a futuras políticas sociales.
Espacio y poder en las políticas de desarrollo del siglo XXI
Authors: Rosa Paula Cecilia
Published: February 2016

Editorial: CEUR/CONICET y la Agencia Nacional de PromociónCientífica y Tecnológica.Año: 2014.
THE AGRICULTURAL ADVISORY SERVICES AND AKIS SYSTEMS IN ESTONIA, LITHUANIA AND LATVIA – THE COMPARISON STUDY
Authors: VINOHRADNIK Krystyna
Published: February 2016

The paper based on the results of survey, which have been done under EU project titled „Prospects for Farmers’ Support Advisory Services in European AKIS (PRO AKIS)”, carried under FP7 in 27 EU countries. The paper contains the analysis of AKIS systems in three European Countries – Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The discussed subject is the comparison study of the chosen results of survey of agriculture, the history of creation the agricultural advisory system, and the structures of agricultural advisory and systems of knowledge, information and innovation flows. The analysed three Baltic countries, in spite of nearly half century of their links by common history and central command of economy policy, after regaining independence, they chosen individual ways to build the AKIS structures. In these processes they used patterns taken from some Western Europe countries, and reached different results. In Estonia, at the moment the AKIS structure is under discussion, because the linkages between AKIS actors are still weak. In Latvia the question is the influence inside AKIS system of three policies – for agriculture, for education and for science – giving as a result the weak cooperation between AKIS actors. In Lithuania, according experts opinion, the AKIS system is working well, and the linkages and cooperation between AKIS actors are rather good. The general conclusion of discussed subject is, that AKIS system in term of its organisation and structure, is working well only under condition, that the linkages and cooperation between its actors are very strong and integrated.
MENTAL HEALTH AND OCCUPATIONAL IDENTITY OF 1ST YEAR AGRONOMY STUDENTS IN LITHUANIA
Authors: JONUŠIENĖ Dovilė , KOVALČIKIENĖ Kristina
Published: February 2016

This study investigated the relationship between students’ occupational identity statuses and their mental health. A correlation analysis and cluster analysis were performed with a sample of 167 first-year agronomy students in Lithuania. It was expected that a higher statuses of occupational identity will be related to better mental health. Expectations have been fulfilled only for achievement status, indicating that achievement (the highest identity status) is positively related with general and all components of mental health. Moreover, foreclosure identity status also was positively related with general and three components of mental health. In addition, the results indicated that diffusion identity status was negatively related with real evaluation of subjectively perceived mental health. Clustering analysis proposed two profiles: first of students with better mental health and higher achievement and foreclosure statuses, and second cluster for students with poorer mental health and higher diffusion and higher moratorium statuses. Implications of these findings for university counsellors and for faculty are presented.
EXTRINSIC REGULATION VS. INTRINSIC MOTIVATION AS PREDICTORS OF PROFESSIONAL CHOICE SATISFACTION IN AGRICULTURE STUDY PROGRAMS
Authors: KOVALČIKIENĖ Kristina
Published: February 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive power of different types of academic motivation (especially, extrinsic vs. intrinsic) for students’ satisfaction with their professional choice. The study was conducted at Aleksandras Stulginskis University in Lithuania. 175 first-year students from agriculture study programs completed the Academic Motivation Scale and evaluated their satisfaction with professional choice in a 10-point scale. The results of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that intrinsic motivation has a significant predictive value for professional choice satisfaction of males and females. The results indicated that material external regulation negatively in males sample and social external regulation positively in females’ sample predict higher satisfaction with professional choice. In addition, amotivation is associated with lower satisfaction with professional choice in both cases. Some implications and recommendations for educators regarding dual enrollment programs, Facebook opportunities, and individualized approach are discussed.
COMPARISON OF COMPUTERISATION AND INNOVATION ACTIVITY OF THE COMPANIES IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS
Authors: Angowski Marek , JAROSZ-ANGOWSKA Aneta , LIPOWSKI Marcin
Published: February 2016

Over the last years, the economic and social structure of enterprises has undergone some important changes, especially because of the introduction of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). ICT is one of the fundamental elements driving the innovation and competitiveness of business activities which greatly influences the development of rural areas, both in economic and social terms. This publication focuses on the analysis and evaluation of the use of ICTs by enterprises in the Lubelskie Voivodeship with particular emphasis on rural areas. In the publication the authors use statistical analyses based on information from surveys conducted among entrepreneurs by the Marshal Office of the Lubelskie Voivodeship. The paper evaluates the following issues: the degree of computerisation of the company, the use of information technology in the company, the activity of the company on the Internet. The main objective of this study is to identify the relationship between the degree of computerisation and the company's innovation-oriented activities and to identify differences between companies located in urban and rural areas. The studies carried out have demonstrated that the differences in the computerisation of enterprises located in rural and urban areas are negligible and that there is a close relationship between the degree of computerisation and innovation in enterprises located in rural areas.
THE CREATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN RURAL AREAS IN THE LUBELSKIE REGION
Authors: JAROSZ-ANGOWSKA Aneta , ANGOWSKI Marek , KIJEK Tomasz
Published: February 2016

Social capital is one of the pillars of sustainable development of rural areas because the modern village needs educated and enterprising people and communities that can adapt quickly to changes and cooperate. The main aim of this article is to evaluate the different components of social capital and attempt to answer the question whether social capital in the rural areas of the Lubelskie Voivodeship differs from the social capital in the urban areas of the region. First, the study quotes the main definitions of social capital by J. Coleman, R. Putnam and F. Fukuyama, and next, separates its components for analysis. The analysis of such components as trust, friendship, cooperation, engagement in activities for the benefit of local community, participation in organisations, obtaining information and the level of communication, participation in elections and the assessment of democracy made it possible to conclude that, in principle, there are no significant differences between social capital in rural and urban areas of the Lubelskie Region, which can be explained by the fact that rural areas are losing its traditional agricultural character, and the mixing of population – the rural population flows into urban areas and the urban population settles in the countryside. The evaluation was conducted on the basis of questionnaire research commissioned by the Marshal Office in Lublin, and carried out on a sample of 1100 residents of the Lubelskie Voivodeship.
FARMLAND ACQUISITION BY FOREIGNERS IN POLAND IN YEARS 2000–2013
Authors: MARKS-BIELSKA Renata , ZIELIŃSKA, Agata
Published: February 2016

The present study aimed at identification and evaluation the issue of agricultural land acquisition by foreigners in Poland in the years 2000–2013. The authors have used secondary data from: the Ministry of Interior, the Agricultural Property Agency (APA) and the Institute of Agricultural Economics and Food Economy. The issue of farmland acquisition regulation in UE countries was also mentioned. The area of agriculture land acquired in the analyzed time is 5 0833, 98 hectare. The phenomenon most intensively affects legal persons (with permission of Minister of Interior) who purchase 68.7 % of it. Having considered the analyzed issue from the perspective of the country of origin, Germany and Austria dominate in natural persons (49.04 %) and in the case of legal entities leaders are: Germany and the Netherlands (58.27 %).Significant for interest of polish agricultural land by foreigners was Poland’s accession to the European Community, when in the real estate market a recovery from the foreigners side happened. The future situation in the agricultural land market in Poland is determined by the political decisions and public opinion pressure, especially before 1 May 2016. Present prepositions of changes in the regulation will rather do not limit requirements in land acquisition by foreigners like in Hungary, Slovakia, Lithuania or Bulgaria.
BIOECONOMY DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL BASED ON MORE EFFICIENT LAND USE IN THE EU
Authors: PILVERE Irina , NIPERS Aleksejs , MICKIEWICZ Bartosz
Published: February 2016

Europe 2020 Strategy highlights bioeconomy as a key element for smart and green growth in Europe. Bioeconomy in this case includes agriculture, forestry, fisheries, food and pulp and paper production, parts of chemical, biotechnological and energy industries and plays an important role in the EU’s economy. The growth of key industries of bioeconomy – agriculture and forestry – highly depends on an efficient and productive use of land as a production resource. The overall aim of this paper is to evaluate opportunities for development of the main sectors of bioeconomy (agriculture and forestry) in the EU based on the available resources of land. To achieve this aim, several methods were used – monographic, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, statistical analysis methods. The findings show that it is possible to improve the use of land in the EU Member States. If all the Member States reached the average EU level, agricultural products worth EUR 77 bln would be annually additionally produced, which is 19 % more than in 2014, and an extra 5 billion m3 volume of forest growing stock would be gained, which is 20 % more than in 2010.
MANAGEMENT OF COMMUNITY PROJECTS’ EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: PILIPAVIČIUS Vytautas , ADAMONIENĖ Rūta
Published: February 2016

Community projects implemented by using LEADER method during the programme period of 2014–2020 have new requirements for projects‘ effectiveness that are related with business development in the context of territorial development. Practice of past period shows that while preparing and implementing local development projects most rural community organizations brought up-to-date priorities of investors, not those of development of rural territories. The problem is that during implementation of projects there is a lapse into fragments, single or short-term goals unrelated to use of project’s results for development of populated locality. Research goal – having analysed theoretical peculiarities of projects‘ management, to distinguish directions that determine effectiveness of community projects. Structure of research methodology consists of theoretical analysis of factors determining project‘s succession and research of case of community projects implemented by using LEADER method. Researches of factors determining project‘s succession are based on analysis of research of scientific projects‘ management. The case researched a succession of community projects implemented in Prienai district during the period of 2007–2013 and use of the results in designed forethoughts during the period of 2014–2020. In the article, there is a scheme of management of effectiveness of community projects prepared and directions that determine succession of community projects distinguished.
SOCRATES AND KNOWLEDGE-BASED SOCIETY, OR RURAL TRACE IN THE DIALOGUE CULTURE
Authors: ČIULDĖ Edvardas , STEIKŪNIENĖ Asta
Published: February 2016

Knowledge is the engine of change in every society, and within this structure, training of philosophical perception is essential. This article analyses how modern philosophical education is compatible with the ideal of knowledge society – how teaching material changes when knowledge becomes a commodity. The article searches for parallels between the opposition among the sophists and Socrates and the modern day approach to fostering a culture of dialogue, focusing on knowledge and innovation society.
CONSUMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR AGROECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN LITHUANIA: FIRST RESULTS FROM A CHOICE EXPERIMENT PILOT SURVEY
Authors: NOVIKOVA Anastasija , ROCCHI Lucia , VITUNSKIENĖ Vlada
Published: February 2016

The paper focuses on the presentation of the construction of the research path for eliciting willingness to pay for agroecosystem services through choice experiments in Lithuania. This paper reports on use of a survey-based choice modelling method where repetitive choice situations about alternatives of agri-environmental schemes are created, for revealing how inhabitants of Lithuania value public goods, created in agroecosystems (wildlife populations, quality of drinking water and the formation and improvement of agricultural landscape); the attitudes of the residents of Lithuania concerning the maintenance of these environmental services in the countryside; to elicit Lithuanian households' WTP and the demand for abovementioned services. Two pilot surveys were implemented between 2015 June – July in order to test and improve the choice experiment questionnaire. The result of these surveys showed that the questionnaire is accepted and well understood by the respondents. The results of the modelling shows that all the attribute coefficients are significant and the signs are as expected, positive for the environmental attributes and negative for the price attribute; moreover the model fits well and could be used for the massive survey.
LITHUANIAN REGIONS BY THE TYPE OF RURAL SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors: ATKOČIŪNIENĖ Vilma , KIAUŠIENĖ Ilona
Published: February 2016

Rural areas face constant increase of partially used rural social infrastructure (hereinafter referred to as RSI) facilities, coordination of which shows insufficient level of description and professionalism, functions performed by RSI organisations are not aligned. As a result of a bad situation of rural social infrastructure, small rural areas face with decline. The research aim – having theoretically analysed the factors that determine social infrastructure development, to make the analysis of RSI situation and the analysis of the factors that influence development in Lithuanian rural regions. The following objectives have been solved: analysed theoretically the factors determining the development of the rural social infrastructure; analysed the condition of RSI and the factors influencing upon its development in Lithuanian rural regions. The research methods are the survey and the analysis of the scientific literature, scientific literature systemization, matching and comparison, multiple-criteria statistical data analyses and syntheses, expert evaluation. Integrated RSI condition indicators were calculated for each municipality and compared with indicators established for other municipalities in order to determine the RSI development level of each region. Analysis’ results showed that the sector of communications and telecommunications is valued best, while the sector of protection of persons and property is assessed worst. Bad RSI situation is observed in 35.29 percent Lithuanian municipalities. There is no rural territory, showing perfect level of RSI development. This permits to draw a conclusion about the differences of the situation of the whole infrastructure system and social-economic problems. Problems of territorial and social cohesion are formed due to the uneven RSI development in individual regions/municipalities. Regions/municipalities with poor RSI lags behind the needs of local population are less attractive for investments, settling down, living, resting, such areas show higher unemployment rate, lower disposable incomes of households, residents are forced into a corner, limited sustainable development, and weak local economy.
THE ASSUMPTIONS OF SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TOURISM IN LITHUANIA (CASE STUDY OF EASTERN AUKŠTAITIJA REGION)
Authors: GRAŽULIS Vladimiras , NARKŪNIENĖ Ramutė
Published: February 2016

Tourism is one of the activities in rural areas that creates added value, rapidly becomes a part of the global economic and social processes. The authors of the article have analysed the assumptions of successful development of rural tourism in Eastern Aukštaitija region. The article provides the thoughts and reflections of the scientists and researchers in the area of the topic being analysed. What assumptions have determined successful development of rural tourism in the region? The aim of the research is to perform the analysis of development of rural tourism in Eastern Aukštaitija region and to discuss the assumptions of successful development of rural tourism in this region. The objectives of the research include the performance of theoretical analysis of development of rural tourism and the execution of the situation analysis of rural tourism in Eastern Aukštaitija region. The following methods have been applied: the analysis of scientific references, quantitative research – survey and generalization of the questionnaire data. The article includes summarized results of the research that aims at determining the assumptions of successful development of rural tourism in Eastern Aukštaitija region. Successful development of rural tourism depends on external (economical, natural, legal, political, social and technological) and internal (the size of homesteads, the number of services, the experience of the owners of the homesteads in rural business, professional knowledge of the staff and the ability to communicate in a foreign language(s), etc.) factors.
STRUCTURAL DIMENSION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN POLAND. URBAN VERSUS RURAL AREAS
Authors: WOJEWÓDZKA-WIEWIÓRSKA Agnieszka
Published: February 2016

The article refers the issues of structural capital in Poland, measured by the number of the organization and an indicator of the number of organizations per 10 thousand inhabitants. Deliberations for this component of social capital were conducted at the regional level (NUTS 2). Spatial disparities and the differences between urban and rural areas in 2005–2014 were determined. Data source was a Local Data Bank prepared by Central Statistical Office of Poland. It was a clear regional differences in terms of the activity of foundations and social organizations. In all voivodeships saw an increase in the number of foundations and associations per 10 thousand inhabitants in the analyzed period, both in urban and in rural areas. In rural areas the increase was much greater than in the towns. In comparison with rural areas, a higher level of the structural social capital was observed in towns.
New forms of belonging and of relational identity in the context of globalization.
Authors: Imbert Patrick
Published: February 2016

The myth of attachment to the land as the hermeneutic fountainhead of territoriality and as the source of identity and signification is undergoing a shift in Canada in the context of global postmodernism. No longer validating the orthodoxy’s pursuit of the ‘single, deep meaning’ of a text, the literary discourse as well as the discourse of advertising in the Americas currently work to transform their audience into producers of multiple legitimate readings. However, in the case of the discourse of the advertising industry, the resulting displacements are not identical to those created by literary postmodernism. Advertisers continue to be driven by the promotion of their service/product as the sole solution to a perceived problem, whereas literary texts continue to multiply possible problems, and/or possible resolutions. Specialized languages dynamics are therefore, in different ways, adopted to develop every citizen’s faculty for semantic production. They attempt to steer populations towards intercultural dynamics and adaptation to different cultural contexts within global postmodernism/postcolonialism. This dynamic complements Canadian laws on multiculturalism aiming at creating a society where integration is linked to the recognition of difference.
Deportations in an age of Neoliberalism
Authors: Allegro Linda G
Published: February 2016

Under policies of the new national security regime, undocumented migrants are more susceptible to being striped of due process, becoming ineligible for basic social services and facing heightened fears of deportation. Central Americans are among the national origin groups with the highest rates of criminal and non criminal forced removals. While the deportation story largely ends for the US once deportees are sent “home”, the impact for receiving nations presents an ongoing challenge as new democracies struggle with mounting gang violence contributed by expatiated youth who were “made in the USA”. Ill equipped to deal with the rise in organized crime, receiving nations have turned to mano dura or zero-tolerance strategies on the advice of regional enforcement agencies. Here we explore the deportation of undocumented migrants under the new security regime and to responses to deportations in several Central American nations.
The Psychology of the Handmaid: Margaret Atwood’s Novel Parables of the Possessed Canadian Character
Authors: Blackford Holly Virginia
Published: February 2016

The protagonists of Atwood’s novels are most often both Canadian and female, and their stories feature a common struggle for possession of themselves and their bodies, given various colonizing forces. In relation to her other novels, which I will explore in this essay, the handmaid is a symbol for Canada in relation to the U.S, which stands for “yet another” imperial power infringing upon the lives of Canadians. Atwood herself has stated that the States are extreme in philosophy, while Canadians are more middle-of-the-road. This middle-of-the-road-ness of her main characters gets them into trouble and makes them vulnerable to outside forces. Her protagonists are typically female because the female body itself is particularly open to possession—by pregnancy, rape, cancer, and the physicality of sex. Women in Atwood’s novels are also possessed by spiritual forces, including gods of the wilderness; by men who represent different nations and woo the female “territory”; and by women who represent distinct national traditions or, increasingly, the new Multicultural Canada that is displacing the British-French one. Atwood repeatedly depicts her characters as territories of others, refugees, trespassers, foreigners even on their home ground, and internally divided entities that are inhabitable by others and inaccessible even to the self. They harbor repressed memories that are foreign to their own psyches. Thus Atwood’s novels undercut the Canadian nationalist project that she embarked upon with her 1972 book on a unified Canadian literature. Her novels essentially suggest that, ironically, the uniqueness of the Canadian character lies in its propensity to be possessed.
Towards Cross-Border Environmental Policy Spaces in North America: Province-State Linkages on the Canada-U.S. Border
Authors: VanNijnatten Debora L.
Published: February 2016

A growing number of case studies have painted a picture of a burgeoning network of subnational and cross-border regional environmental linkages along the Canada-United States border, a development which may indicate an evolution in governance arrangements such that cross-border environmental policy spaces are being created. In addition to increasing in number, this literature suggests that cross-border interactions have become more formalized, more functionally intense and increasingly multilateral, or regional, in orientation. This paper explores in a comprehensive, cross-regional manner the finding of these case studies with regard to the extent and intensity of subnational activity by examining the findings of a 2005 survey of environmental linkages between states and provinces along the Canada-U.S. border. The survey findings indicate that subnational and regional interactions have been institutionally and functionally ‘intact’ for longer than most observers of Canada-U.S. environmental relations might expect. One of the most interesting findings is that subnational and regional cross-border environmental linkages, contrary to conventional wisdom, have become more numerous over time but not necessarily more intense in functional terms. Moreover, as expected, environmental linkages are clearly regionally concentrated; clusters of highly linked states and provinces can be found along the Canada-U.S. border, particularly in New England, the Great Lakes and the Pacific Northwest. Each of the clusters – or environmental regions – exhibits unique characteristics in terms of the extent and intensity of cross-border linkages.
L'impact de la globalisation sur les politiques de contrôle migratoire au Canada
Authors: Dorais Sophie
Published: February 2016

Les derniers changements législatifs et politiques canadiens en matière d’immigration témoignent de la volonté de l’État de réaffirmer sa souveraineté à l’échelle globale, par la mise en place de contrôles migratoires. Bien que le droit canadien comme le droit international sanctionne le pouvoir souverain dont dispose l’État Nation de contrôler les entrées sur son territoire, l’usage abusif de cette prérogative démontre toutefois l’adhésion plus marquée de l’État aux impératifs des idéologies néolibérale et sécuritaire, à la mode américaine, et contribue à l’érosion des droits des demandeurs d’asile. Néanmoins, trop peu d’entre nous n’osent encore remettre en question leur légitimité.
Exiled in Turkey from Nazi Rule, Eminent Biochemist Felix Haurowitz Became Indiana’s Adopted Son
Authors: Reisman Arnold
Published: February 2016

This paper discusses a dimly lit and largely unknown time in the life of a great biochemist. Felix Haurowitz survived extermination because starting in 1933, Turkey reformed its higher education by inviting many intellectuals fleeing the Nazis and for whom America was out of reach because of restrictive immigration laws and wide spread anti-Semitic hiring and gender bias at its universities. This visionary act on the part of Turkey’s government had the collateral benefit of placing in escrow an intellect that went on and helped to expand America’s view of biochemistry and immunology.
An update on reservoir safety legislation in Wales
Authors: O'Brien Matthew
Published: February 2016

Natural Resources Wales (NRW) is the enforcement authority for the Reservoirs Act 1975 in Wales. A primary driver for this role is to be able to provide public assurance on the safety of Welsh reservoirs. This paper summarises the expected changes to be introduced by schedule 4 of the Flood and Water Management Act 2010 , for which NRW maintains responsibility for ensuring that the undertakers observe and comply with the law.
What Happened in Money Markets after the Fed's December Rate Increase?
Authors: Anderson Alyssa , Ihrig Jane , Meade Ellen , Weinbach Gretchen
Published: February 2016

At its December 2015 meeting, the Fed's policymaking committee, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), announced an increase in the target range for the federal funds rate of 25 basis points, the first increase in the policy rate since June 2006.
Mother Knows Best? Evaluating the Roles of Stoic Parents in Gladiator (2000)
Authors: Larson Krysta
Published: February 2016

My paper uses the 2000 Ridley Scott film Gladiator as a vehicle for exploring Stoicism, specifically the ways that Stoic parents ought to behave in different situations. The film includes a portrayal of the historic emperor and Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius and uses Stoic themes. I explore the ways in which two of the main characters, the general Maximus and Marcus Aurelius’ daughter Lucilla, demonstrate Stoic values through their parenting. Through an analysis of the works of Stoic philosophers Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius, I examine these characters’ decisions and ultimately conclude that Maximus upholds Stoic values better than Lucilla. Through my paper I hope to invite a unique perspective on parenting that differs greatly from the modern, Christian-centered tradition and to give readers a clearer understanding of Stoicism. 