bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating intra- and inter-subject oxygen consumption in outdoor human gait using multiple neural network approaches
Authors: Müller Philipp , Pham-Dinh Khoa , Trinh Huy , Rauhameri Anton , Cronin Neil J.
Published: September 2024

Oxygen consumption (V ˙ O 2) is an important measure for exercise test, such as walking and running, that can be measured outdoors using portable spirometers or metabolic analyzers. However, these devices are not feasible for regular use by consumers as they intervene with the user’s physical integrity, and are expensive and difficult to operate. To circumvent these drawbacks, indirect estimation of V ˙ O 2 using neural networks combined with motion features and heart rate measurements collected with consumer-grade sensors has been shown to yield reasonably accurate V ˙ O 2 for intra-subject estimation. However, estimating V ˙ O 2 with neural networks trained with data from other individuals than the user, known as inter-subject estimation, remains an open problem. In this paper, five types of neural network architectures were tested in various configurations for inter-subject V ˙ O 2 estimation. To analyse predictive performance, data from 16 participants walking and running at speeds between 1.0 m/s and 3.3 m/s were used. The most promising approach was Xception network, which yielded average estimation errors as low as 2.43 ml×min−1×kg−1, suggesting that it could be used by athletes and running enthusiasts for monitoring their oxygen consumption over time to detect changes in their movement economy.
Medioresinol from Eucommiae cortex improves myocardial infarction-induced heart failure through activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway: A network analysis and experimental study
Authors: Qin Xueting , Liu Xuan , Guo Can , Huang Li , Xu Qiyao
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aims to systematically analyze the potential active components of Eucommiae cortex in the treatment of post- myocardial infarction heart failure through network analysis and molecular docking methods. In vitro experiments were conducted to verify that medioresinol, a component of Eucommiae cortex, improves oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced cell failure through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities.

Methods

Potential active components of Eucommiae cortex were screened using specific data. The targets of these components were predicted using Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics database and TargetNet, and key targets were identified by intersecting with the disease targets of myocardial infarction and heart failure. Protein-Protein Interaction analysis was performed on the key targets to screen for core targets. Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation and Human Protein Atlas were used to identify myocardial highly expressed targets. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses were conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. Molecular docking was performed for the final components and target proteins. In vitro experiments were carried out using H9c2 cells subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation conditions to validate the effects of the screened potential active components.

Results

Network analysis revealed that Eucommiae cortex might exert its effects through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR), hypoxia-inducible factor 1, and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways, which are crucial for myocardial contraction, vascular tone regulation, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. Molecular docking indicated stable binding of the selected compounds to PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. Medioresinol was selected for further study and shown to significantly improve oxidative stress and inflammatory response in myocardial ischemia-hypoxia model cells by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Conclusion

This study confirms the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the cardiovascular protective effects of Eucommiae cortex and provides evidence at the cellular level. Medioresinol demonstrated potential therapeutic effects on myocardial infarction induced heart failure by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. These findings offer a theoretical basis for the application of Eucommiae cortex in the treatment of heart failure and support the development of new therapeutic drugs for cardiovascular diseases. Future research should further validate these effects in animal models and explore the overall efficacy of Eucommiae cortex.
Association between the composite dietary antioxidant index and constipation: Evidence from NHANES 2005–2010
Authors: Wei Shouxin , Yu Sijia , Lan Yunsheng , Jia Yingdong
Published: September 2024

Background

Dietary antioxidants have been found to improve various diseases, including digestive, cardiovascular, and urinary disorders. However, the relationship between CDAI and constipation remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the potential link between CDAI and constipation among adults in the United States.

Methods

This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected between 2005 and 2010. Dietary data from the respondents were obtained through two 24-hour dietary recall interviews. Multiple statistical methods, including multivariable logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and smooth curve fitting analysis, were used to explore the association between CDAI and chronic constipation.

Results

A total of 10,904 participants were included in the study, of whom 1,184 were identified as having chronic constipation. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that higher CDAI was significantly associated with a lower risk of constipation (OR = 0.958 [0.929, 0.987]). Compared to the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of CDAI was associated with a significantly reduced prevalence of constipation (OR = 0.704 [0.535, 0.927]). Subgroup analysis indicated that differences in gender, alcohol intake, and smoking status might influence the association between CDAI and constipation. Smooth curve analysis revealed an "n" shaped relationship between CDAI and constipation among non-alcohol consumers, with a turning point at a CDAI value of 1.08.

Conclusion

An elevated CDAI is negatively correlated with the incidence of chronic constipation, suggesting that increasing dietary antioxidant intake may reduce constipation prevalence. These findings underscore the importance of dietary antioxidants in maintaining gut health and provide comprehensive guidance for clinical and public health practices.
35 years after CLIA 1988: Key insights and policy implications among laboratory professionals
Authors: Nieto Sierra Jaime A. , Gefen David
Published: September 2024

The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) regulations of 1988 required certification of some clinical laboratory professionals but not of others. Analyzing survey data 35 years later, we explore how laboratory professionals today are inadvertently affected by those regulations, specifically their sense of professional identity and their perceptions of justice—and the consequences of those on their turnover intentions. Turnover is a major concern among laboratory professionals. Survey results show that even 35 years after the unintended disenfranchisement caused by CLIA, clinical laboratory professionals whose specialty was included in CLIA have a stronger sense of being an ingroup, expressed as positive professional identity, and had a higher assessment of there being procedural and distributive justice than those excluded in CLIA. Turnover intentions, however, were primarily a matter of negative professional identity and reduced distributive justice.
Tepid splashes and mighty typhoons: Examining 70000 Tons of Metal’s (post) pandemic proxemics
Authors: Hennion Mark
Published: September 2024

Once per year in January, the 70000 Tons of Metal cruise hosts 60 heavy metal bands and 3000 fans for a five-day, four-night excursion to a Caribbean destination. Hosting passengers from as many as 75 different nations at its peak, the cruise plays an important role in uniting heavy metal artists, their fans and artists’ respective management and recording labels on an international scale. After a two-year hiatus due to COVID-19, the eleventh voyage occurred from 30 January to 3 February 2023. This article presents the results of a proxemics study conducted during the 2023 70000 Tons of Metal cruise, measuring fan concert engagement as influenced by COVID-19 precautions and limitations by observing passenger attendance and behaviour during dual indoor and outdoor performances. The results suggest how COVID-19 may continue to affect live performances, with particular consideration of how an indoor or outdoor setting may alter public participation in such events.
‘Good Times, Bad Times’: Hellfest in the days of COVID-19
Authors: Guibert Gérôme
Published: September 2024

In France, the pandemic caused by the spread of the coronavirus led to a general lockdown, under the decree of 16 March 2020. Upcoming summer festivals were cancelled in April. What, then, was to be done? This article seeks to show two things. Firstly, Hellfest faced this external shock by interacting with various parties involved, located at various places in the production chain (insurers, state, festival-goers holding entry tickets, etc.). This article also describes how Hellfest relied on the context to publicize the festival through the tools it had begun to develop in the years preceding the pandemic and that were still available, audio-visual recording and merchandising, and also through advertising of the project of a gigantic future double edition. We can then estimate that contrary to what most observers believe in 2020, the period of the pandemic has rather strengthened the event than weakened it.
Effects of dietary black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) meal on performance, blood metabolites, and digestibility in a rice straw-based diet of fattening Garut lambs
Authors: Ramdani Diky , Juandita Karina Natasya , Hernaman Iman , Alhuur Ken Ratu Gharizah
Published: September 2024

Background and Aim: During black cumin oil production, black cumin meal (BCM) is produced as a by-product. This study investigated the potential use of BCM to partly replace concentrate in a rice straw-based diet of fattening Garut lambs.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight heads of male Garut lambs aged approximately10 months with an average initial body weight of 20.7 kg/head (coefficient of variation 12.9%) were used. A completely randomized design was used to compare four different levels (0% [control], 5% [BCM-5], 10% [BCM-10], and 15% [BCM-15]) of BCM in rice straw- and concentrate-based diets on the performance of Garut lambs during 35- and 70-day feeding trials using seven replicates (n = 7). Blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility were also measured after the performance study.

Results: BCM was rich in crude protein (36.8%) and tannins (21.6%). The BCM-10 and BCM-15 treatments increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain and feed efficiency compared with the control treatment in the 35-day feeding trial. All BCM treatments had greater dry matter (DM) intake compared with the Control at 70 days (p < 0.05). Furthermore, BCM-10 and BCM-15 had greater (p < 0.05) total protein, DM, and organic matter (OM) digestibility. BCM-15 had the highest (p < 0.01) blood triglyceride while BCM-10 tended to have higher (p < 0.1) blood glucose concentrations among the other treatments.

Conclusion: BCM supplementation can partly replace concentrate and improve the overall quality of rice straw and concentrate-based diets, resulting in improved performance of fattening Garut lambs due to increased DM and OM digestibility, as well as protein and energy absorption. Approximately 10% of the BCM supplementation is suggested as the optimum level.

Keywords: black cumin meal, blood metabolites, digestibility, lamb, performance, and rice straw.
Clinical Outcomes and Complications of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With a Comparison to Full-Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy
Authors: Lee Sang Hyub , Seo Junghan , Jeong Dain , Hwang Jin Seop , Jang Jae-Won , Cho Yong Eun , Lee Dong-Geun , Park Choon Keun
Published: September 2024

Objective: The unilateral biportal endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy (UBE-PCF) has been recently adopted for unilateral radiating arm pain due to cervical herniated intervertebral disc or foraminal stenosis. We systematically meta-analyzed clinical outcomes and complications of the UBE-PCF and compared them with those of full-endoscopic PCF (FE-PCF).Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science until February 29, 2024. Clinical outcomes and complications of the UBE-PCF and FE-PCF were collected and analyzed using the fixed-effect or random-effects model. Clinical outcomes of the UBE-PCF were compared with minimal clinically important difference (MCID) following PCF to evaluate the efficacy of UBE-PCF.Results: Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the random-effects meta-analysis, the Neck Disability Index (NDI), visual analogue scale (VAS) neck, and VAS arm were significantly decreased after the UBE-PCF (p<0.001). The improvement of NDI, VAS neck, and VAS arm were significantly higher than MCID (p<0.05). The improvement of NDI, VAS neck, and VAS arm were not significantly different between the UBE-PCF and FE-PCF (p>0.05). Overall incidence of complications of the UBE-PCF was 6.2% (24 of 390). The most common complication was dura tear (2.1%, 8 of 390). The incidence in overall complications was not significantly different between the UBE-PCF and FE-PCF (p=0.813).Conclusion: We found that the UBE-PCF significantly improved clinical outcomes. Regarding clinical outcomes and complications, the UBE-PCF and FE-PCF were not significantly different. Therefore, the UBE-PCF would be an advantageous surgical option comparable to FE-PCF for unilateral radiating arm pain.
Spinal Schwannoma Classification Based on the Presumed Origin With Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Kim Tae-Shin , Kuh Jae Hee , Kim Junhoe , Yuh Woon Tak , Han Junghoon , Lee Chang-Hyun , Kim Chi Heon , Chung Chun Kee
Published: September 2024

Objective: Classification guides the surgical approach and predicts prognosis. However, existing classifications of spinal schwannomas often result in a high ‘unclassified’ rate. Here, we aim to develop a new comprehensive classification for spinal schwannomas based on their presumed origin. We compared the new classification with the existing classifications regarding the rate of ‘unclassified’. Finally, we assessed the surgical strategies, outcomes, and complications according to each type of the new classification.Methods: A new classification with 9 types was created by analyzing the anatomy of spinal nerves and the origin of significant tumor portions and cystic components in preoperative magnetic resonance images. A total of 482 patients with spinal schwannomas were analyzed to compare our new classification with the existing classifications. We defined ‘unclassified’ as the inability to classify a patient with spinal schwannoma using the classification criteria. Surgical approaches and outcomes were also aligned with our new classification.Results: Our classification uniquely reported no ‘unclassified’ cases, indicating full applicability. Also, the classification has demonstrated usefulness in predicting the surgical outcome with the approach planned. Gross total removal rates reached 88.0% overall, with type 1 and type 2 tumors at 95.3% and 96.0% respectively. The approach varied with tumor type, with laminectomy predominantly used for types 1, 2, and 9, and facetectomy with posterior fixation used for type 3 tumors.Conclusion: The new classification for spinal schwannomas based on presumed origin is applicable to all spinal schwannomas. It could help plan a surgical approach and predict its outcome, compared with existing classifications.
Climate Change Reduces Darling River Water Levels by Decreasing Eastern Australian Rainfall
Authors: S. Speer Milton , M. Leslie Lance
Published: September 2024

Significantly decreased rainfall run-off into the dams that feed the Darling River in eastern Australia during the Millennium (1997–2009) and Tinderbox (2017 –2019) Droughts coincided with reduced river levels along the Darling River. The rainfall reduction was due to accelerated global warming since the mid-late 1990s. During this period, unmonitored river water extraction from the streams that feed the Darling River was diverted to crops, on-farm dams, and to storage in the Menindee Lake system. This practice exacerbated the effect of the two droughts because streamflow that reaches the Darling River ceased in several upstream rivers, and in the Darling River. Using Darling River height levels, before and after the mid-late 1990s, it is shown that global warming is the key factor reducing Darling River levels in the last 53 years, even allowing for river water diversion and extraction. Between the periods 1972-1997 and 1998-2024 the Darling River mean heights, in the towns of Bourke, Wilcannia and Menindee, were all found to drop by statistically significant amounts. The catchment area rainfall has found to be decreasing due to global warming induced atmospheric circulation changes. Reducing water extraction either before or after it reaches the Darling River is unlikely to stop the short-medium term decline in Darling River levels.
Variceal Hemorrhage as Complication of Vascular Access for Total Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Chiodi Cristina , Liu David , Omer Endashaw
Published: September 2024

Downhill varices, a rare manifestation of venous hypertension, arise from superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction. We present a unique case of downhill varices secondary to SVC syndrome in a 69-year-old man on chronic total parenteral nutrition who presented with large volume melena and facial swelling. In this case, chronic central venous catheter use contributed to thrombotic occlusion of the SVC, leading to collateral vessel formation and variceal development. Management involves addressing the underlying cause of venous obstruction. This case highlights the importance of considering downhill varices as a complication in patients with chronic vascular access presenting with symptoms of SVC syndrome.
An Unusual Cause of Massive Per Vaginal Bleeding
Authors: Leong Justin Wen Hao , Yang Liying , Teh Kevin Kim Jun , Liou Wei Lun
Published: September 2024

Massive per vaginal bleeding from ectopic pelvic varices is an exceedingly rare presentation in patients with cirrhosis. A 60-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with massive per vaginal (PV) bleeding. Computerized tomography scan showed extensive portosystemic collaterals with a large collateral vessel from the splenic vein to the region of her previous caesarean scar, on a background of liver cirrhosis. The cause of the massive PV bleeding was identified as arising from the uterine varix. She was transferred to a tertiary liver unit where she underwent angiographic embolization of the uterine varix and splenic vein shunt with successful obliteration of the culprit collateral vessel. A high index of suspicion is required in a cirrhotic patient with massive PV bleeding for ectopic variceal bleeding. Once stabilized, prompt consultation should be made to a tertiary center for further assessment and consideration of definitive treatment with obliteration of varices and shunt, as well as transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, to reduce risk of recurrent bleeding.
Surgical Outcomes in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis–Related Liver Disease
Authors: Wang Sarah , Raasikh Taaj , Odufalu Florence-Damilola
Published: September 2024

Patients with chronic liver disease have a higher surgical risk compared with those without. For patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), literature has shown that earlier surgical intervention for those with severe IBD has led to better outcomes regarding mortality and remission. For patients who have both IBD and chronic liver disease, management can be complex. The outcomes in this population of patients who undergo surgical intervention have not been thoroughly explored. This case series aims to evaluate surgical outcomes in patients with a diagnosis of both IBD and primary sclerosing cholangitis chronic liver disease.
Maternal separation and early social enrichment increase anxiety-related behaviours of adolescent rats in the elevated plus maze
Authors: Rico Javier L. , Chaverra-Rodríguez Karen Paola , Garzón-Barbosa Natalia , Ortega Leonardo A.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Adverse or favourable rearing conditions early in life affect emotional response during adolescence. To study the effect of early rearing on emotional response, animal models such as maternal separation (MS) and social enrichment (SE) by community nesting have been useful. However, the comparison of the effect of MS and SE on anxiety-related behaviours in adolescent rats is unknown. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of MS and SE on the emotional response of adolescent rats exposed to the elevated plus-maze test (EPM). Method: Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly distributed into three groups according to the rearing condition. In the MS group, pups were separated daily from their dams for 180 minutes, from postnatal day (P) 2 to 14. In the SE group, two females that gave birth synchronously were housed in a cage with a litter of eight pups. Females from control standard housing (SH) were individually housed and kept with their offspring until weaning (P23). On P32, anxiety-related measures were evaluated using an EPM. Results: MS and SE increase anxiety-related behaviours and locomotion in rats exposed to the EPM. SE had sex-dependent effects on anxiety-related measures, increasing vertical activity in females and horizontal activity in males. MS but not SE increased body weight gain in female rats. Conclusion: Adverse or favourable rearing conditions early in life may result in an increased anxiety phenotype in the EPM during adolescence. It is likely that the favourable effect of SE depends on the number of dams per communal nest.
Psychometric Properties of the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) in a sample of Colombian children and adolescents
Authors: Agudelo Gallego Carlos Mauricio , Montoya Zuluaga Paula Andrea , Cárdenas Niño Lucila , Pino Montoya José Wilmar , Gómez-Tabares Anyerson Stiths
Published: September 2024

Objective: To establish the psychometric properties of the aggression questionnaire (AQ) in a sample of Colombian children and adolescents. Method: The AQ was submitted to the judgment of seven experts in order to verify and adjust the clarity of the items taking into account the characteristics of the Colombian population. Following this analysis and adjustment of items, the instrument was applied to a sample of 892 participants between 10 and 23 years of age. For validity, evidence of internal structure was taken into account through confirmatory factor analysis and evidence based on the relationship with other variables. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis showed two models, one of factorial correlation and the other of second order indicating a model fit. Likewise, internal consistency was calculated by means of the Omega index, which showed precision in the measures for each factor in each of the models. The analysis suggested the elimination of four items. Conclusions: The first-order model was chosen because the empirical evidence shows that it satisfactorily operationalises the theoretical model of aggressive behaviour with which the instrument was constructed, assuming that the four subscales are necessary as a whole, but by themselves are not sufficient to assess aggressive behaviour by means of its items.
Aerobic exercise elevates perceived appetite but does not modify energy intake over a 3‐day postexercise period: A pilot study
Authors: Okada Tetsuro E. , Jeromson Stewart , Rathwell Scott , Wright David C. , Bomhof Marc R.
Published: September 2024

While a low degree of energy compensation is typically reported over the 24 h following a session of exercise, the prolonged impact of a bout of exercise on energy intake remains unclear. To overcome the challenge associated with accurately measuring energy intake in a free‐living environment, this study employed the use of a meal replacement beverage to assess the 3 day impact of an exercise session on energy intake. In a randomized, crossover study, 14 participants (8 male, 6 female) completed two trials: (1) EX: 75 min exercise on a motorized treadmill (75% VO2peak); and (2) SED: 75 min sedentary control session. Each condition was followed by 3 days of exclusive ad libitum consumption of a meal replacement beverage. Appetite‐regulating hormones, subjective appetite, energy intake, and energy expenditure were assessed. Exercise transiently suppressed the orexigenic hormone acyl‐ghrelin (p < 0.05) and elevated the appetite‐supressing hepatokine GDF‐15 (p < 0.05). Despite these acute changes, overall perceived appetite was elevated over the 3 day assessment period with exercise (p < 0.05). No increase in energy intake or change in postexercise physical activity patterns were observed. One acute session of moderate to vigorous exercise is unlikely to affect short‐term, three‐day energy balance in healthy individuals.
Hypertension and obesity independently drive hypertrophy and alter mitochondrial metabolism in a mouse model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Werbner Benjamin , Stephens Sophie L. , Stuart Deborah , Hotchkiss Travis M. , Chapman Jonathan , Funai Katsuhiko , Ramkumar Nirupama , Boudina Sihem
Published: September 2024

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has recently emerged as an insidiously and increasingly prevalent heart failure phenotype. HFpEF often occurs in the context of hypertension and obesity and presents with diastolic dysfunction, ventricular hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis. Despite growing study of HFpEF, the causal links between early metabolic changes, bioenergetic perturbations, and cardiac structural remodeling remain unclear. This study sought to elucidate the contribution of the respective pathophysiological drivers of the HFpEF symptom suite using a recently developed two‐hit mouse model. By studying the independent and concomitant consequences of hypertension and obesity‐driven metabolic dysfunction on cardiac structure and function, we revealed the causative drivers of cardiac functional, structural, and metabolic remodeling in male HFpEF mice. We found that hypertensive male mice developed diastolic dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy regardless of obesity status and that obese mice exhibited altered systemic glucose metabolism and increased cardiac mitochondrial fatty‐acid metabolism independent of hypertension status. Taken together, our results suggest that the cardiac structural and metabolic HFpEF symptoms in this two‐hit model occur as direct results of each of the two “hits.” The results of this study help to clarify the pathogenic HFpEF cascade, providing causal insights that may aid in the development of more precisely targeted therapeutics.
Effect of bell plate structure on high- and low-frequency characteristics of hydraulic mount
Authors: Lin Zhihong , Huang Yuedong
Published: September 2024

This study introduces a novel hydraulic mount designed to achieve broad-spectrum engine vibration isolation. While previous studies have focused on vibration isolation using hydraulic mounts, there is a scarcity of research on achieving wideband vibration isolation with such mounts. To address this gap, this article proposes a new bell plate hydraulic mount structure that includes an inertia channel, a decoupler membrane, and two bell plates. First, the study analyzes the impact of structural parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the new bell plate hydraulic mount across high and low frequencies. Second, it compares how varying the number of bell plates affects the hydraulic mount’s dynamic behavior across different frequency ranges. The findings reveal the following key points: (1) The number of bell plates has minimal influence on the low-frequency dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic mount. (2) Increasing the number of high-frequency bell plates from n = 0 to n = 2 reduces the peak dynamic stiffness of the hydraulic mount by 69.88% and decreases the hysteresis angle by 37.71%. (3) At higher frequencies, the dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic mount are notably influenced by parameters such as the equivalent cross-sectional area A

m2 of the second bell plate, the surrounding equivalent cross-sectional area of the hole A

t2, and the fluid inertia coefficient I

t2 associated with bell plate 2.
Synthesis methods and description for new derivatives associated with 8-hydroxyquinoline and their use as acidic corrosion inhibitors for steel and other alloys: a review
Authors: Rbaa Mohamed , Berdimurodov Elyor , Tüzün Burak , Berdimuradov Khasan , Zarrouk Abdelkader
Published: September 2024

The field of corrosion has recently been considered a productive field for scientific research. With the increasing use of metals in several industrial fields, such as metal construction, the construction of arches and the automobile industry, the problem of corrosion is an important issue. To solve the corrosion problem of metal materials, several methods have been discovered to combat this phenomenon, such as process control, cathodic protection, organic and inorganic coatings. Nonetheless, the presentation of corrosion inhibitors, particularly organic inhibitors, stays the least expensive and simplest technique for the insurance of metals against consumption in acidic media. In this work, it was summed up the strategies for amalgamation and portrayal of newly innovative heterocyclic complexes from 8-hydroxyquinoline, their inhibition performances for M-steel, C40E steel and C35E steel in acidic conditions, for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.
Official Misconduct – An Entrepreneurial Explanation
Authors: Sløk-Madsen Stefan Kirkegaard , Jensen Cecilie Barner , Stærk Christensen Trine
Published: September 2024

This article takes a unique perspective on official misconduct, viewing official misconduct as an entrepreneurial manifestation. We propose a typology of misconduct based on discovery and creation, structured around three dimensions that represent entrepreneurial choices to explore or exploit. We empirically apply this typology through an analysis of 11 official misconduct cases in Danish municipalities, a robust institutional context. This research enhances understanding of the relationship between strong institutions and unproductive entrepreneurial behavior, offering practical insights for policymakers and public administrators.
Mongolian Foreign Trade History from the Silk Road
Authors: Jargalsaikhan Tungalag , Ryenchin Sharbandi , Selenge Tuul , Ulzii-Ochir Nomintsetseg
Published: September 2024

Foreign trade is a “mirror” of the historical situation of a country. From foreign trade turnover, trading partners, the structure of export and import goods, and trade flows, it is possible to make conclusions about the country’s industrialization, acquired technology, consumption of the population, the standard of living and development. In this article, we intended to make a conclusion that the characteristics of Mongolia’s social and economic situation, production, trade, and consumption at that time were determined, through the historical conditions of Mongolia’s foreign trade at the beginning of the 20th century, as well as how foreign trade and foreign trade policies influenced the country’s choice of a new path of historical development.
Crystal structure of methyl 1-phenyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylate, C19H14N2O2
Authors: Tian Hangzhou , Chen Geyu , Chen Sen , Tang Wenqiang , Liu Bin
Published: September 2024

C19H14N2O2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 11.3111(5) Å, b = 7.2906(3) Å, c = 18.0875(10) Å, β = 102.935(2)°V = 1,453.73(12) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0545, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1389, T = 150 K.
Navigating waves: Advancing ocean dynamics through the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Iqbal Ifrah , Boulaaras Salah Mahmoud , Rehman Hamood Ur , Saleem Muhammad Shoaib , Chou Dean
Published: September 2024

The nonlinear Schrödinger equation, held in high regard in the realms of plasma physics, fluid mechanics, and nonlinear optics, reverberates deeply within the field of ocean engineering, imparting profound insights across a plethora of phenomena. This article endeavours to establish a connection between the equation’s theoretical framework and its practical applications in ocean engineering, presenting a range of solutions tailored to grasp the intricacies of water wave propagation. By employing three methodologies, namely, the simplest equation method, the ratio technique, and the modified extended tanh-function method, we delineate various wave typologies, encompassing solitons and periodic manifestations. Enhanced by visual representations, our findings have the potential to deepen the comprehension of wave dynamics, with promising implications for the advancement of ocean engineering technologies and the refinement of marine architectural design.
Demanda de inversión y evaluación de riesgos de proyectos de cooperación en infraestructura entre China y países latinoamericanos y sugerencias relevantes
Authors: Liu Peng
Published: September 2024

Durante mucho tiempo, los países latinoamericanos han enfrentado un déficit en la construcción de infraestructuras, lo cual se ha convertido en un “cuello de botella” que ha restringido su desarrollo económico sostenible. Hasta ahora, aún existe una gran brecha entre la inversión en la construcción de infraestructuras y la demanda en la región, y la calidad de la construcción deja mucho que desear. Comparando los diferentes niveles de riesgos de los proyectos de infraestructuras entre los países de América Latina y China, se revela que el nivel de gestión gubernamental de los proyectos de infraestructuras de China es inferior al promedio de los países latinoamericanos, y que los riesgos en aspectos de mercado, legal y comunitario en China son respectivamente menores que el promedio de los riesgos que las empresas afrontan en los países latinoamericanos. Por lo tanto, China debería aprovechar las oportunidades de recuperación económica post-pandemia de América Latina para explorar de forma dinámica cooperaciones en nuevas áreas de infraestructuras, priorizar la inversión en proyectos de infraestructuras relacionados estrechamente con el bienestar social, y asimismo prevenir efectivamente los riesgos asociados a dichos proyectos.
On the minimum spectral radius of connected graphs of given order and size
Authors: Cioaba Sebastian M. , Gupta Vishal , Marques Celso
Published: September 2024

In this article, we study a question of Hong from 1993 related to the minimum spectral radii of the adjacency matrices of connected graphs of given order and size. Hong asked if it is true that among all connected graphs of given number of vertices

n

n

and number of edges

e

e

, the graphs having minimum spectral radius (the minimizer graphs) must be almost regular, meaning that the difference between their maximum degree and their minimum degree is at most one. In this article, we answer Hong’s question positively for various values of

n

n

and

e

e

, and in several cases, we determined the graphs with minimum spectral radius.
How do AI and human users interact? Positioning of AI and human users in customer service
Authors: Ahn So-Yeon , Kim Seonghoon , Lee Eun-Young , Lee Hyunjong , Song Eun-Young , Song Junehwa , Won Jongseo
Published: September 2024

Situated at the intersection of language, discourse, and communication studies, the present study delves into the dynamics of human-artificial intelligence (AI) interactions. Our study centers on AI-based voice assistants which employ natural language processing to communicate with human users. With a dataset derived from 200 recorded interactions between human users and AI-based voice assistants of a leading Korean telecommunications provider, we investigate the intricate dialogue patterns that emerge within these exchanges. Employing the lens of conversation analysis, especially focusing on adjacency pairs, first pair-part (FPP) and second pair-part (SPP), our analysis elucidates how AI agents and human users negotiate meaning and interactional roles. We identify four distinct response types from the users’ SPP, revealing a variety of interactional patterns. The findings reveal that the users frequently respond to AI-initiated prompts with keywords, reflecting a strategy to efficiently retrieve information, and highlight instances of no verbal response. Additionally, the use of honorifics in Korean AI voice assistants underlines the influence of linguistic and cultural norms on the dynamics of human-AI interaction, emphasizing the need for AI systems to navigate social hierarchies effectively. Our study underscores the importance of enhancing human-AI dialogue and provides valuable implications for interdisciplinary research and practice in the rapidly evolving field of AI-based communication.
Influence of tellurium on physical properties of ZnIn2Se4 thin films solar cell
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science / Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Mahmood H. K. , Hussein B. H. ,   Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science / Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: September 2024

ZnIn2(Se1-xTex)4 (ZIST) chalcopyrite semiconductor thin films at various contents (x = 0.0, 0.2, and 0.4) are deposited on glass and p type silicon (111) substrate to produce heterojunction solar cell by using the thermal evaporation technique at RT where the thickness of 500 nm with a vacuum of 1×10-5 mbar and a deposited rates of 5.1 nm/s. This study focuses on how differing x content effect on the factors affecting the solar cell characteristics of ZIST thin film and n-ZIST/p-Si heterojunction. X-ray diffraction XRD investigation shows that this structure of ZIST film is polycrystalline and tetragonal, with (112) preferred orientation at 2θ ≈ 27.01. Moreover, atomic force microscopy AFM is studying the external morphology of film, and it is shown that both surface roughness and average diameter increase with increasing x content, hence increasing the crystallite size of thin films. UV/visible spectrophotometer was analyse the optical features of ZIST films, such as absorption coefficient, optical energy, and these films possessed a direct gap that decreased with increase of x content until it reached its lowest value of 1.6 eV at x = 0.4. Hall measurement displayed that the ZIST thin film is n-nature semiconductors with a maximum carrier concentration NH = 6.2 × 1018 (1/cm3) , minimum resistivity 0.047 Ω.cm. The illumination current-voltage characteristics revealed that the n-ZIST/p-Si solar cell heterojunction at x = 0.4 content has a maximum efficiency of 2.97%.
The visceral fat area/subcutaneous fat area ratio is positively associated with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hu Dandan , Cong Xiangguo , Gao Beibei , Wu Ying , Shen Qiong , Chen Lei
Published: September 2024

Background

Evidence has demonstrated that visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) have different influences on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to investigate the relationship between the visceral fat area (VFA), the subcutaneous fat area (SFA) ratio (V/S), and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) in patients with T2DM.

Methods

From January 2018 to May 2023, 1838 patients with T2DM admitted to the National Metabolic Management Centre in our hospital were assigned to two groups based on comorbid CAS. Dual bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure the VAF and SFA, and the V/S was calculated. Patient characteristics and serum biochemical indices were compared between groups. Factors influencing comorbid CAS were determined, and correlations between V/S and other clinical indices were analyzed.

Results

The group with comorbid CAS included 858 individuals and 980 without comorbid CAS. Those with comorbid CAS were older and had a longer disease duration, more significant systolic blood pressure, and greater V/S. The proportions of patients with comorbid hypertension increased significantly with the V/S ratio. The V/S ratio positively correlated with triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and waist circumference. According to binary logistic regression analysis, V/S was an independent risk factor for CAS.

Conclusion

Elevated V/S is an independent risk factor for CAS in patients with T2DM.
IMPROVEMENT OF MINING AND PROCESSING FLOWSHEETS AT STRUCTURALLY COMPLEX ORE DEPOSITS
Authors: РАССКАЗОВ И.Ю. , ЧЕБАН А.Ю. , ЛИТВИНОВА Н.М. , КОНАРЕВА Т.Г. , АНДРЮЩЕНКО А.С.
Published: September 2024

Представлены результаты комплексных аналитических исследований и геотехнологического тестирования проб взорванной руды одного из золоторудных месторождений с разделением их по классам крупности. Определены параметры объединенных фракций для переработки по различным технологиям. Разработана схема добычи и переработки руд сложноструктурного выемочного блока. Предложена усовершенствованная технология освоения сложноструктурных месторождений. После селективной выемки руд проводится грохочение с разделением на фракции, обогащенные и обедненные полезным компонентом. Полученные фракции рудной массы шихтуются, при этом шихта с рядовым содержанием полезного компонента перерабатывается с применением флотации, а бедная рудная масса направляется на кучное выщелачивание. Выделенная из богатых руд фракция с повышенным содержанием полезного компонента перерабатывается с применением двухстадийного сорбционного выщелачивания с предокислением, обеспечивающим высокое извлечение металла.

The article describes the integrated analytical studies and geotechnical assaying of blasted ore samples with size classification at a gold deposit. The parameters of mixed fractions for processing using different technologies are determined. The ore mining and processing flowsheet is developed for a structurally complex extraction block. An improved technology is proposed for the structurally complex ore deposit. Selective ore extraction is followed with screening and size classification into fractions with high and low contents of useful component. The fractions are blended, the blend with the high content of useful component is subjected to flotation, and the blend with the low content of useful component goes to heap leaching. The fraction with the increased content of useful component from rich ore is treated by two-stage sorption and leaching pre-oxidation, which ensures high metal recovery.
JUSTIFICATION OF EFFICIENT ENGINEERING DATA FOR MULTI-DRIVE HIGH-DUTY BELT CONVEYORS
Authors: ОРДИН А.А. , НИКОЛЬСКИЙ А.М. , ПОДУГОЛЬНИКОВ Е.В.
Published: September 2024

Изложена постановка и приведено решение задачи по обоснованию рациональных технических параметров многоприводных высокопроизводительных ленточных конвейеров для транспортирования насыпной угольной массы. Рассмотрены теоретические основы тягового расчета ленточных конвейеров, включающие в себя основное уравнение динамики работы ленточных конвейеров, особенности расчета при стационарном и пусковом режимах работы с учетом кривизны трассы в плане и по профилю. Дано обоснование рациональной ширины ленты и производительности ленточного конвейера. Рассчитаны силы тяги и мощности электродвигателей многоприводного ленточного конвейера. Осуществлена проверка выбранной конвейерной ленты по условиям прочности. Приведен пример расчета с помощью разработанной программы “ЛЕНТА 1.0” многоприводного ленточного конвейера шахты “Инаглинская” Южно-Якутского угольного бассейна.

The authors present the formulation and solution of a problem on the efficient engineering data of multi-drive high-duty belts for bulk coal. The theoretical framework for calculating the belt thrust includes the main equation of the belt conveyor dynamics, and features of calculations in stationary mode and in starting conditions with the regard to horizontal and vertical curvature of the belt route. The rational width and production capacity of a belt conveyor are substantiated. The hauling power and capacity of drives of a multi-drive belt are calculated. The strength test of a selected belt is performed. The calculation using the developed program LENTA 1.0 is presented as a case-study of a multi-drive belt conveyor in Inaglinskaya Mine in the South Yakutia coal field.
FORMATION OF UNDERSPOIL WATER COMPOSITION AT COPPER-PYRITE DEPOSIT IN THE MIDDLE URALS
Authors: РЫБНИКОВА Л.С. , РЫБНИКОВ П.А. , ГАЛИН А.Н.
Published: September 2024

Рассмотрена концентрация химических элементов в подотвальной воде в зависимости от сезона и климатических условий. Особенности состава подотвальных вод проанализированы по сравнению с химическим составом пород отвала с помощью их водной и кислотной вытяжек. Для большинства изученных элементов наблюдается хорошая корреляция между их содержанием в кислотной вытяжке и содержанием в породе отвала. При этом результаты водной вытяжки не могут использоваться в качестве надежного основания для прогноза состава подотвальных вод.

The authors discuss concentration of chemical elements in underspoil water subject to a season and to climatic conditions. The features of underspoil water composition are analyzed with respect to chemical composition of spoil rocks in water and acid extracts. Majority of the test elements correlate well with their composition in the acid extract and with the spoil rocks composition. The water extract is assumed to be unreliable to predict composition of underspoil water.
Influence of the shape of the knife’s cutting edge on the cutting force in the chipless cutting of three tree species
Authors: Kováč Ján , Kuvik Tomáš , Krilek Jozef , Tylek Pawel
Published: September 2024

This article presents results obtained for the chipless cutting of wood using different cutting heads. Wood processing in forestry and the demand for firewood are currently increasing, so it is necessary to apply appropriate tools to the existing process, which will be sufficient for fast and high-quality operations. Four groups of cutting knives were used for experimental measurements, where the influence of the cutting knife edge on the cutting process was determined. The cutting knives were always made of the same material and with the same blade angle ∢ 30°. Measurements were made on spruce (Picea abies), beech (Fagus sylvatica), and willow (Salix caprea) trees. The size of the Fc cutting force was selected as the monitored variable, and then the dependent factors (kind of wood, wood diameter, cutting knife) were monitored in terms of their influence on the size of this Fc cutting force and thus also on the energy consumption. Based on the statistical evaluation, the most suitable shape of the cutting edge of the knife was selected, with this shape of the cutting edge, a reduction in the cutting force Fc was achieved for selected woods.