bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiential learning - Practical examples and trends: The importance of game, industrial speakers and field study
Authors: Nguyen Thu , Truong Thuy , Ho Trinh
Published: January 2024

This paper would like to discuss the importance of methodologies for experiential learning including games, industrial speakers, and field study. Those are real practices that have been applied to education activities in Viet Nam.
Numerical Investigation of Influence of Extent and Position of a Bypass on the Performance of a Single Unit Liquid Desiccant Based Evaporative Cooler
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andhra University College of Engineering, Andhra University,Visakhapatnam, INDIA 530003, Pamu Raja Naveen ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Raghu Engineering College (A), Visakhapatnam, INDIA 531162
Published: January 2024

Air-conditioning of buildings is more energy-consuming with widely used vapour compression refrigeration systems in hot and humid areas. Alternatively, evaporative cooling does not show much effect in sultry regions because of increased humidity despite the minimum energy consumption. Indirect evaporative cooling is a promising alternative to direct evaporative cooling systems, but it suffers from low cooling effectiveness and is unsuitable for highly humid regions. Considering the above facts an alternative liquid desiccant-assisted modified M-cycle cooling system is proposed and examined numerically in the present work. The proposed cooling and dehumidification system is a simple unit incorporating chemical dehumidification and regenerative evaporative cooling in a single unit. A simultaneous heat and mass transfer model is developed for the numerical analysis. The numerical code is written in MATLAB and is validated with results available in the literature. Further, numerical analysis was carried out for the effect of various parameters on the performance of the proposed cooling system. The study shows an improvement of 19.2% in dew point effectiveness by incorporating an intermediate opening in the plate separating the product air and working air channels.
Analytical Estimation and Experimental Validation of the Bending Stiffness of the Transmission Line Conductors
Authors:   Department of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru-560074, Karnataka, INDIA, Dulabhai Hadiya Pritesh
Published: January 2024

The bending stiffness of transmission line conductors can vary significantly, ranging from maximum stiffness when behaving monolithically to minimum stiffness when wires behave loosely. This large range makes it challenging to estimate stiffness accurately at intermittent bending stages. To address this issue, a mathematical model that accounts for both frictional forces between wires in the same layer and the clenching effects of helical wires from preceding layers is proposed in this paper. The proposed model estimates cable bending stiffness as a function of axial load and curvature for multilayered strands by considering slip caused by wire behavior. To evaluate the bending stiffness, experiments were conducted on Panther and Moose Indian Power Transmission line conductors. The proposed slip model considers Coulomb frictional effects and clenching effects caused by Hertzian contact forces, filling the void in the estimation procedure. Additionally, the model considers the wire stretch effect, a parameter not previously accounted for in cable research. The predicted numerical results of the proposed model were found to vary within a maximum of 7% from the experimental tests. The proposed mathematical model thus offers a more accurate and comprehensive way of estimating the bending stiffness of transmission line conductors, addressing the existing limitations in the estimation procedure.
Annealing Time Dependence in the Fabrication of Bismuth-based Perovskite Solar Cells (Bi-PeSCs) by the Hot Immersion Method
Authors:   Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sabah Branch, Kota Kinabalu Campus, Sabah 88997, MALAYSIA, Achoi M. F.
Published: January 2024

Lead-free perovskite solar cells have attracted attention as an environmentally friendly future energy source. However, their performance is still low at present due to the poor morphology of the film and the complicated process of fabrication. The annealing period, as a key parameter, has been identified to control the morphology of MA3Bi2I9 (MBI) perovskite film fabricated by the Hot Immersion Method (HIM) with the annealing period varying between 5 to 25 minutes. SEM images visually depicted that a longer period of annealing induced perovskite film to form a larger crystallite size with a compact film, resulting in a rougher surface. The MBI films fabricated at 25 minutes showed a high crystallinity of films and exhibited a high absorption with a longer absorption wavelength and a narrow bandgap, leading to enhanced solar cell performance. By optimizing the annealing time, the efficiency of the device has been enhanced almost eight times compared to a shorter period of annealing. Our findings suggest that the compact MBI films can be obtained by using this simple method (HIM), and yet the performance of solar cell devices can be achieved, thus providing another alternative way to fabricate MBI-based perovskite solar cells (PeSC’s) in the future.
Development of Porous Material and Hybrid Porous Ti6Al4V Dental Implants using Metal Injection Molding (MIM)
Authors:   Departemen Teknik Mesin, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, INDONESIA, Supriadi Sugeng
Published: January 2024

Dental implants are biomaterial devices implanted in the jawbone through surgery to replace missing teeth. The surface topography of dental implants with surface roughness and a porous layer made of Ti6Al4V material is recommended to improve osseointegration and induce the growth of new bone tissue (bone ingrowth) while reducing the effect of stress shielding due to the high Young's modulus of the implant material. This study presents the fabrication of porous layers, the development of dental implant design, and the manufacturing process of hybrid porous dental implants using Metal Injection Molding (MIM). Surface analysis was performed on the combination of the implant core material with the porous Ti6AL4V material after the sintering process using a temperature of 1150 °C with holding times of 60, 90, and 120 minutes under an argon atmosphere with a flow rate of 1 liter/minute. The research results showed that the sintering holding time affected the percentage of porosity and hardness of the Ti6Al4V material. Surface roughness greatly influenced the shear bond strength on the surface. The higher the surface roughness value, the higher the shear bond strength. In this study, the highest shear stress value obtained was 1.54 MPa at a surface roughness (Ra) of 2.37 μm. The green part of the hybrid porous dental implant was successfully made using MIM with a mold temperature of 180 °C.
Preliminary Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Carboxylated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (XNBR) Blended with Different Loadings of Butyl Reclaimed Rubber (BRR)
Authors:   Centre of Chemical Synthesis and Polymer Technology (CCSPT), Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA, Mamauod Siti Nur Liyana
Published: January 2024

Reclaimed rubber (RR) from butyl tubes was evaluated as a partial and full replacement of a virgin rubber which is carboxylated nitrile butadiene (XNBR). This study involves the blending of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber with butyl reclaimed rubber (XNBR/BRR) in various loadings andcured with sulfur by using a two-roll mill. The objective is to investigate the effect of RR loading on crosslink density and mechanical properties of XNBR/BRR blends. The mechanical properties such as hardness, rebound resilience, tear strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus were evaluated. In this study, the amount of reclaimed rubber varied from 0 phr to 161 phr. The results showed that the rebound resilience, tear strength, and tensile strength had a reduction of 43%, 27%, and 67%, respectively. Also, the hardness and modulus increased by 17% and 60% each. As for the elongation at break, it had a decrease of 69% and then an increment of about 77%. These results appeared due to the low molecular 1 weight of the BRR800 and the presence of processing oil and carbon black in the reclaimed rubber itself. This study could prove that reclaimed rubber can be fully utilized by putting it to good use in producing good quality rubber-based products.
Preparation and Characterization of Activated Palm Kernel Shell/Carboxylated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (APKS/XNBR) Vulcanizate
Authors:   Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA, Mamauod Siti Nur Liyana
Published: January 2024

Malaysia is one of the most important palm oil producers and exporters in the whole wide world. There has been a rapid development of new palm oil plantations and palm oil mills in this country. The palm oil industry plays a vital role in the economic growth of Malaysia. However, as the palm oil industry grows bigger and wider, a huge amount of palm oil waste is produced which is an alarming issue considering it can cause pollution and have a negative effect on the environment. Raw Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) derived from palm oil waste can be converted into Activated Palm Kernel Shell (APKS) which has the potential to be a value-added biofiller in rubber vulcanizates. Thus, in this study, APKS is prepared through a carbonization process at a temperature of 900 °C and an activation process via steam treatment and used as filler in Carboxylated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (XNBR). The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of different loading ratios of APKS on theswelling index measurement, bound rubber content (BRC), abrasion resistance, compression set, and hardness of XNBR vulcanizates. APKS is incorporated in XNBR at different loading ratios, ranging from 0 to 50 phr and these APKS-filled XNBR vulcanizates are prepared with a two-roll mill. The overall physico-mechanical properties of APKS-filled XNBR vulcanizates showed increment in terms of BRC, compression set, and hardness as the loading ratio of APKS increased. XNBR vulcanizates with a higher loading ratio of APKS also showed a decrease in swelling index measurement and volume loss which would indicate high abrasion resistance. These results could be attributed to the porosity of APKS as shown in the morphological analysis which provided a high surface area of contact for crosslinking and mechanical interlocking. This proves APKS could potentially be a semi-reinforcing filler for rubber vulcanizates, especially for XNBR vulcanizates as XNBR vulcanizates were able to achieve high abrasion resistance and high hardness with the incorporation of APKS. With this, the conversion of PKS into APKS could help to reduce palm oil waste and provide an environmentally friendly, sustainable biofiller option to rubber researchers and manufacturers who are looking for an alternative to petroleum-based fillers. This would be very beneficial for both the palm oil industry and the rubber industry.
Palm Gripper Measurement Device for Post-Stroke Rehabilitation Progressive Tracking
Authors:   School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA, Che Zakaria Noor Ayuni
Published: January 2024

Various devices are used in the medical world to measure grip force. However, there is no well-defined method being used to quantify the distribution of grip forces applied by post-stroke patients. It is important to track the patient's progress in neurofeedback training throughout rehabilitation with quantitative evaluation. A palm gripper measurement device is being developed, equipped with Force Sensing Resistors (FSRs) (RP-S40-ST model) to capture grip force. The device provides valuable insights into rehabilitation progress by assessing the grip force. The analogue value from FSRs is linearly interpolated from the input range to the output range using the map function; 'map(avg_force, 0, 1023, 0, 15)' to scale the 'fsrReading' from the input range of 0 to 1023. The input range is converted into a score 0 to 15 scale of a bar graph to indicate the amount of force measured. The accuracy showed by Pearson’s r shows a correlation trend between the analogue value and length of the bar graph with 0.97651 and 0.98083, respectively. A matrix was plotted for three subjects with different object sizes for device testing which shows the adjusted R2 is 0.955 highest for big objects and the lowest adjusted R2 is 0.63672 for small objects.
Water:Ethylene Glycol Properties Alteration Upon Dispersion Of Al2O3 and SiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors:   School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 41450 Shah Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA, Zakaria Irnie Azlin
Published: January 2024

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) seems to be a popular option as a green energy carrier due to its high efficiency and pollutant-free operation. However, the slight temperature difference between the working temperature and surroundings requires innovation in cooling strategy. Active thermal management strategy is limited due to the larger space requirement. Alternatively, utilizing nanofluids as coolant as the passive cooling strategy tends to be a viable quick fix. In this research, thermophysical properties of Al₂O₃:SiO₂ hybrid nanofluids in the base fluid of water: Ethylene Glycol (EG) were discussed comprehensively concerning alterations made in thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, and electrical conductivity properties. There were four mixture ratios of 0.5% volume concentration of hybrid nanofluids considered ranging from 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, and 70:30 Al₂O₃:SiO₂. Upon completion of the study, there is an improvement of 9.8% shown in 10:90 Al₂O₃:SiO₂ hybrid nanofluids for thermal conductivity measured at 60C in comparison to the base fluid. Meanwhile, 10:90 Al₂O₃:SiO₂ hybrid nanofluids are also favorable with the lowest values of viscosity as compared to other mixture ratios resulting in lower parasitic loss. Electrical conductivity on the other hand also showed an increment in 10:90 Al₂O₃:SiO₂ hybrid nanofluids as compared to base fluid and other mixture ratios.
Mesh Independence Study on CFD for Cryo-CO2 Cooling Strategy
Authors:   School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA, Abdul Halim Nurul Hayati
Published: January 2024

This study conducts comprehensive mesh independence tests to identify the optimum mesh independence parameters that offer the most feasible Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis on cryo-CO2 temperature variations and its heat transfer performance under cryo-CO2 cooling strategy in metal cutting. ANSYS Fluent was used to conduct the CFD study with its mesh control parameters (relevance center and smoothing) designed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) under Central Composite Design (CCD). An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to analyse how the controlled factors influenced the cryo-CO2 flow temperature when it flowed from the nozzle to the tooltip. The analysis found that the relevance centre was more significant in influencing the accuracy of the response value. For optimization, the combination of medium relevance center and smoothing meshes was suggested to develop the lowest cryo-CO2 flow temperature at 256.85 K. This is crucial since most machining outputs are heat dependent. Experimental data sets were used to validate the predicted result. Distances between 3.6 to 18 mm showed an acceptable deviation of ~0.4 – 0.6% and ~0.4 – 4.2% for simulated and experimented work, respectively. This value is acceptable, and the generated quadratic model equation can be applied for prediction. The heat transfer performance of the cryo-CO2 flow at tool-chip and tool-workpiece interfaces under high-speed machining was also discussed. Moreover, further analysis using the optimal solution has led to a better understanding of heat transfer in cryogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), resulting in enhanced cooling of the cutting zone and improved machining processes.
High Power System for Acoustic Excitation of Plates
Authors: PĂUN Rusalin Lucian , GILLICH Gilbert-Rainer , CONDRATIUC Marius
Published: January 2024

This paper introduces a device dedicated to acoustic excitation for modal analysis of plates. A particular setup is requested since the system should produce acoustic excitation with high power in the 10…120 Hz frequency range. The system comprises a signal generator, an amplifier powered by a car starter or a battery, and a subwoofer. This system permits setting the generated frequency around the resonance frequency with reasonable frequency and amplitude stability. We present the system's design and test its performance on a rectangular plate. In our laboratory experiments, we achieved the desired structural behavior.
The Accounting Profession in Romania: Genesis and Key Moments
Authors: FĂRCAȘ Teodora Viorica , RĂCHIŞAN Paula Ramona , BERINDE Sorin Romulus , GROŞANU Adrian
Published: January 2024

This paper approaches from a historical perspective the development of the accounting profession in Romania. We aim to present, through an interpretivism methodological approach, using descriptive narrative research, the phenomena of the accounting profession in Romania and its evolution throughout history. The paper captures various stages of development, but also elements that have contributed to the development of this profession in Romania, and the role it had throughout time and the role that it fulfills today. The article highlights the fact that the development of higher education in economics was and is still essential in the existence and development of the accounting profession. By fulfilling such objectives and such performance standards, it will be possible to achieve the goal of this professional organization in terms of adapting quickly and efficiently to changes in the socio-economic environment, ensuring a high level of professionalism of members who will be constantly trained for the future, providing strategic consulting for the business environment, and finally affiliation to the position of reliable business partners. However, if we think about the way the accountant was perceived in the 19th century and the status he benefits in contemporary society, we can say with certainty that it was a battle won.
Article history: Received: November 27, 2023; Reviewed: December 10, 2023; Accepted: December 17, 2023; Available online: December 25, 2023; Available print: December 30, 2023.
JEL classification: M40, M41, N93, N94
Réflexions sur la liberté et mouvement dans les premiers siècles chrétiens
Authors: CRÎȘMĂREANU Florin
Published: January 2024

Reflections on Freedom and Movement During the First Christian Centuries. Freedom and movement are two concepts that appear to have a shared destiny. Common sense tells us that freedom means being able to move freely and at will. Philosophers have long been interested in the concept of movement, as evidenced by Aristotle’s Physics. Freedom, on the other hand, is thought to be a later concern by some scholars. The ancient Greeks exercised freedom in the public sphere without thinking about it. However, over time, Early Christian authors, influenced by Stoics, have radically changed the ancient paradigm regarding freedom and movement.
Conciliarity in the World Council of Churches Texts. Intersections, Interactions, Specific Emphases
Authors: ZAMFIR Korinna
Published: January 2024

The Synod of Bishops on Synodality has placed the church as a synodal community at the core of Catholic theological reflection. The conciliar or synodal nature of the church is also a topic of ecumenical dialogue. This essay surveys the theme of conciliarity in some WCC texts over the past 50 years, arguing that discussions of conciliarity reflect the interrelation between contemporary ecclesial events and theological developments. This diachronic analysis also indicates that while for two decades conciliarity has been regarded as a hopeful model for achieving communion and collaboration between the churches, the concept has gradually lost its appeal. The twin concept of synodality emerged in the latest ecclesiological convergence texts with a different focus. The study reveals the shift from an understanding of conciliarity centred on the people of God and baptism to one increasingly focusing on ordained ministry. At the same time, the topic of synodality, which remerged recently in Catholic theology, indicates the reception of some ideas developed in ecumenical dialogue.
Synodality Before the Synod As the Path of a Religious Community. The Theological and Social Initiatives of the Sisters of Social Service in Transylvania in the First Half of the Twentieth Century
Authors: NÓDA Mózes
Published: January 2024

As the Society of the Sisters of Social Service, an international religious community established in Hungary, celebrates the centenary of its foundation, evoking the early stages of its mission provides an opportunity for re-examining the charism of the society. The success of the Sisters of Social Service, their ability to deal effectively with the challenges of their time, in particular those emerging in the interwar period and during the second world war, was largely due to their modern and open-minded vision. This paper discusses the charism of the society, shaped by Benedictine spirituality and devotion to the Holy Spirit, focusing on two aspects of their activity, their social sensitivity and commitment to social work, and their contribution to the dissemination of the ideas of the liturgical movement. These initiatives also highlight the contribution of women to the mission of the Church before their explicit acknowledgement in contemporary synodal documents.
Das Bild der pilgernden Kirche im "Ordo Dedicationis Ecclesiae et Altaris" (1977)
Authors: NAGY Norbert
Published: January 2024

The image of the church as a pilgrimaging community under the sacramental authority of the bishop as the high priest of his flock (SC 41) is central to liturgy in which church buildings and altars are dedicated. This article sums up the reform of that part of the Roman Pontifical, which contains these rites. It also off s some liturgical and ecclesiological insights, which could be of interest in the context of the current worldwide synodal process in the Roman Catholic Church. An undoubtably positive result of the reform of these rites is the pneumatical eff rt which can be observed throughout the entire celebration. Much more important than the church building is the trinitarian focus on the church as People of God, Body of Christ and Temple of the Holy Spirit.
“Koinonia” in Reformed Theology
Authors: FAZAKAS Sándor
Published: January 2024

This presentation is an edited and revised version of the presentation given at the Ecumenical International Conference “Active Participation in Community”, Pannonhalma Archabbey, 21 October 2022. The theme of the conference was synodality − accordingly, this paper aims to present the basic features of Reformed ecclesiology. It highlights the fact that adapting different forms of communion from a secular context is not a viable solution for the church, even though it remains a challenge for the church today in almost all countries. Instead, the ecclesiological and practical implications of koinonia must be considered. According to Reformed theology and Confessions of faith, the ministries, services and governance of the church derive from the koinonia with Christ and with one another. Participation in this communion requires a concrete form of ecclesial and social service; it is concretized by participation in the threefold office of Christ (royal, priestly and prophetic). Last but not least, sharing in the threefold office of Christ has an as yet unexploited ecumenical potential for the common witness of Christians.
Polalanta Divorce Practices of the Banggai Tribe Community in Banggai Islands District in the Perspective of Islamic Law and Positive Law
Authors: Mutalib Adiyanto , B M Taufan , Malarangan Hilal
Published: January 2024

This study discuss the practice of Polalantadivorce practice among the Banggai ethnic community from the perspectives of Islamic law and positive law in the Mansamat B Village, South Tinangkung District, Banggai Islands Regency.The aims of this study are examine factors drive the residents of Mansamat B Village, South Tinangkung District, Banggai Islands Regency to engage in Polalanta divorce practice, and to find out the perspective of  Islamic and positive law in Polalanta divorce practice among the residents of the village. This study used a qualitative method with data collection techniques involving observation, in-depth interviews, and written document analysis. The data analysis techniques employed include data reduction, data presentation, data verification, and drawing conclusions. This study found that time efficiency and simplicity are significant factors motivating the Banggai ethnic community in Mansamat B Village to opt for divorce outside the Religious Court or Polalanta practice. Additionally, economic considerations also play a role, requires administrative expenses, which, despite subsidies for those less fortunate, are still perceived as significant by some. Hence, the choice to divorce outside the Religious Court is more appealing. Furthermore, a lack of legal awareness and personal issues contribute to this practice. We aso found that there are distinctions between positive law and Islamic law concerning divorce.  Islamic law requires only formal witnessing, whereas positive law mandates court proceedings in the Religious Court. This provision is outlined in Article 39 paragraph (1) of Law No.1 of 1974, Article 65 of Law No.3 of 2006, and Article 115 of the Compilation of Islamic Law, stipulating that divorce can only take place before a court session after the court has attempted and failed to reconcile both parties.
The Ruqyah Syar'iyah Method as an Alternative to Maintaining Family Harmony
Authors: Zakman Arief , Kamaruddin Kamaruddin , Usman Ermawati
Published: January 2024

Ruqyah therapy is a sunnah recommended by the Prophet Muhammad. Likewise, in the life of the Prophet Muhammad, doing ruqyah (prayer) for his grandchildren Hasan and Husain was commonplace. The objective of this study is to discuss the Ruqyah method as alternative to mantain families harmony. This study was conducted using qualitative method and the data was gathered through observation, in-depth interview, and written document analysis. The findings of this study show that the Ruqyah Syar'iyyah method applied by the Indonesian Ruqyah Syar'iyyah Association in Palu has met standard operational procedures. The method has three stages: pre-ruqyah, during the ruqyah action, and post-ruqyah. The technique applied by the Ruqyah Syar'iyyah Association in Palu City is following Islamic law or guidance in the Islamic religion. This is seen based on the absence of elements of shirk and haraam in the stages of the process carried out and is seen as very helpful to the community in resolving health problems and household disputes that create disharmony in the family.
Improving Junior High School Students' Speaking Skills through Role-Play and Peer Feedback
Authors: Aji Henggar Prasetyo , Irawan Rifki
Published: January 2024

Through role-play and peer feedback, this research aims to improve students' English-speaking skills in Grade VIII of junior high school in Wangon, Central Java. It used Classroom Action Research (CAR) based on Kemmis and Mc Taggart's design to solve the students' problems with English Speaking. The researcher did two cycles: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered from interview and observation results and speaking scores. The finding of this study indicated that the implementation of the role-play and peer feedback technique was successful since the success criteria were achieved. The first criterion was that 50% of students could pass the target score ≥ 70 based on the KKM. The finding showed that 48.15% of students had already achieved the target score. Besides, the second criterion was the students who become more actively involved in the teaching-learning process. The result of observation and interview showed that by using role play and peer feedback techniques, students were actively involved in the classroom activity. Based on the previous finding, the writer suggests that the English teacher could implement Role play and peer feedback techniques in teaching speaking to improve students' English-speaking skills.
Mo-doped titanate nanofibers from hydrothermal syntheses for improving bone scaffold
Authors: Tian Yang , Zhang Lu , Xiao Yiting , Collins Trenton , Akhter Abdussamad , Huang Yan , Ryan Tian Z.
Published: January 2024

A longstanding interest in bone tissue engineering is the development of new bio-scaffolds that can be manufactured on a large scale with high throughput at low cost. Here, we report a low-cost and systematically optimized hydrothermal synthesis for producing Mo-doped potassium titanate nanofibers with high structural purity. This new nanosynthesis is based on bone tissue growth on an undoped titanate nanowires-entangled scaffold, as previously reported by our team. The morphological and structural characterization data suggest that the crystal structure of Mo-doped titanate nanofibers closely resembles that of the undoped ones. This resemblance is potentially valuable for assessing the role of Mo dopants in engineering bone tissue.
Once again about “global warming” and “greenhouse gases”
Authors: Kulchitskiy Alexey R.
Published: January 2024

An analysis was carried out of documents adopted at international conferences from 1992 to 2022 that reflected the current state of the planet’s climate, characterized by an increase in the average global temperature. The validity and effectiveness of the measures that were taken to reduce the rate of increase in the indicated temperature were also analyzed. The analysis took into account data characterizing the state of the climate on the planet over the past 66 million years. An analysis of documents relating to the problem of “global warming” shows that too much responsibility is placed on human activity and too little attention is paid to natural factors. At the same time, as evidence, they operate with data of several decades, in the best case, two or three centuries. But this is too small a time scale, and in this case, we can only talk about local climate change in different regions and not about global change on the entire planet. Analysis of data on a scale of hundreds of thousands and millions of years shows that periods of both cooling (ice ages) and warming occurred on our planet long before the appearance of humans. At the same time, the Little Ice Age ended only in the middle of the 19th century, and it is quite natural that a warming process is now underway. The main responsibility for global warming lies with anthropogenic influence due to the development of industry, agriculture, and deforestation. Such human activity has led to an increase in the release of so-called greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which ensures an increase in the greenhouse effect—the secondary heating of the atmosphere by long-wave (infrared) radiation from the surface of the planet absorbed by these gases. The main gas responsible for the greenhouse effect is carbon dioxide (CO2). However, it was not taken into account that water vapor has three times the ability to absorb infrared radiation. Also, scientific data obtained from the analysis of core samples recovered from deep wells in Antarctica and Greenland were not taken into account. An analysis of the composition of the air contained in the core showed that the amount of carbon dioxide does not precede warming but comes after warming since 90% of carbon dioxide is dissolved in the World Ocean. When it is heated, a huge amount of carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, and when it gets colder, the oceans easily absorb carbon dioxide. Currently, climate policy is based on inadequate models that have many shortcomings, and giving too much of a role to humans in influencing the climate will not have the expected effect.
Genetic and environmental determinants of dental occlusal variation in South Australian twins
Authors: Townsend Grant C. , Corruccini Robert S. , Richards Lindsay C. , Brown Tasman
Published: January 2024

As part of an ongoing study of dentofacial morphology in South Australian twins, several occlusal traits were compared between forty eight monozygous and thirty four dizygous twin pairs, as well as estimating genetic variances for these features. Significant genetic variance was noted for incisal overbite and overjet, sagittal molar relationship, and also rotations and displacements of anterior teeth. However, heritability estimates were low in magnitude (about 30%) emphasising the importance of environmental influences on occlusal variation.
Orthodontic Treatment Need and the Dental Aesthetic Index
Authors: Keay Peter A. , Freer Terrence J. , Basford Kaye E.
Published: January 2024

The Dental Aesthetic (DAI) was devised as a measure of dental appearance and based on lay opinions as opposed to professional assessments of need. The DAI is calculated from the weighted scores of ten occlusal variables. These same variables have been used in other malocclusion indices intended to measure morphological deviations from normality. It is, therefore, important to ask if the DAI might be used to screen both deviations of dental appearance and deviations of occlusion from accepted norms.

The original DAI design was based on analysis data from permanent dentitions. However, a large percentage of orthodontic assessments are carried out in the mixed dentition.

Therefore, the present study includes a sample of mixed dentitions to test the effectiveness of the DAI in this group. The DAI was tested against the subjective assessments of severity made by orthodontists. Sensitivity and negative predictive power were high. Performance in the mixed dentition group was slightly lower than the permauent dentition group. It is concluded that while the DAI is not sufficiently reliable for assessment of treatment need in the individual, its sensitivity and negative predictive power might provide a useful screening mechanism which reflects both the concerns of patients regarding appearance and the general treatment recommendations of orthodontists. Testing on much larger samples is now required.
Shear Bond Strength of a Mechanically Retained Ceramic Bracket
Authors: Carly Glenn , Tyas Martin J.
Published: January 2024

The failure under shear loading of mechanically retained ceramic brackets bonded to enamel was investigated.

One light-activated dual-cure and two no-mix self-cure adhesives were compared to au Adhesive Pre-coated hracket (APC).

The results indicated that the ceramic bracket bonded with the light-activated dual-cure adhesive had a significantly higher mean shear bond strength than the other adhesive systems.

All adhesive systems usually failed cohesively with adhesive remaining attached to the bracket and enamel surfaces. There was no significant difference in failure site.

There was a significant difference in the amount of adhesive remaining attached to the enamel surface. The light-activated dual-cure adhesive and Adhesive Pre-coated brackets failed in 50% and 80% of instances respectively, with less than 10% of the adhesive remaining attached to the enamel surface. Self-cure adhesives failed usually with 10-90% of the adhesive remaining attached to the enamel surface. There were no instances of enamel damage. Three cases of bracket fracture occurred, one of these being associated with the highest recorded bond strength.
The Don Spring Memorial Oration - Part II: Early Management of the Developing Class III Malocclusion
Authors: Turley Patrick K.
Published: January 2024

This article is the second in the two-part series comprising The Don Spring Memorial Oration delivered by Dr Patrick Turley at the Hamilton Island meeting of the Australian Foundation for Research and Education, in September 1992. The article has been reprinted with the permission of the Editor of the Pacific Coast Society of Orthodontists’ Bulletin. Both articles in the series have been smnmarized by Andrea L. Feature D.D.S., M.S..
Expert Systems in Orthodontic Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: Grant Peter D. , Freer Terrence J.
Published: January 2024

Computer-aided diagnosis of orthodontic anomalies is of particular interest in the screening of potential patients.

General practitioners and public dental health workers would find considerable benefit in a reliable automated system capable of reflecting the clinical assessments of orthodontists. This study investigates the application of an expert system (Xpert Rule™) to the assessment of treatment need using thirteen traits of malocclusion to construct a knowledge base. Decision trees were generated using a pruning option available with the expert system.

The results of the study are encouraging and suggest that an expert system is able to generate a useful clinical screening device.

Further modification of the knowledge base is required to provide a broader range of case types, particularly those of less common occurrence. lt is also suggested that the random aggregation of cases is not the most effective means of developing a knowledge base.
Protective Efficacy of a Locally Prepared Bivalent Duck Viral Hepatitis “Serotypes 1 and 3” Inactivated Vaccine
Authors: Omar Dalia M. , Abdrabo Mohamed A. , Monir Nermin M. , Marden Nermeen A. , Abdelaziz Heba M.G. , El Sayed Walaa A. , Yehia Nahed , Omar Sabry E. , Erfan Ahmed M. , Arafa Abdel-Satar , Shahein Momtaz A. , Omar Lamiaa M.
Published: January 2024

The spread of duck hepatitis virus (DHV) in Egypt with its’ most prevalent genotypes (1 and 3) causes vast economic losses in the duck industry despite the regular vaccination with live attenuated vaccines. However, the use of live-vaccines is considered a potential risk for the non-vaccinated birds due to the viral shedding from vaccinated populations. The current study aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy and safety of two inactivated monovalent and one bivalent vaccines against DHV 1 and 3 genotypes. The inactivated monovalent (DHAV-1, DHAV-3) and bivalent (DHAV-1+3) vaccines were produced by using Montanide ISA 70 oil as an adjuvant. Three groups of 4-week-old ducklings (n=50) were vaccinated with one of the three vaccines, respectively. One group of ducklings was used as negative control (n=25). The immune-response of the vaccinated groups was measured by Virus Neutralization Test and expressed with Neutralizing Indices (NIs). The NIs for the bivalent vaccine group (5.6 and 5.4) were higher compared to the monovalent vaccine groups (5.0 and 4.7). In conclusion, the use of inactivated bivalent DHV vaccine could produce higher protective efficacy compared to the monovalent DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 vaccines.
Research on the effect of temperature increase during flow forming without cooling on 6060 aluminum alloy
Authors: Gądek Tomasz , Majewski Marcin
Published: January 2024

This paper presents the results of flow forming tests for the 6060 aluminum alloy in the T5 heat treatment condition. The tests were conducted on a cylindrical mandrel using two forming rollers without the use of a cooling agent. The purpose of the study was to conduct two experiments. In both experiments, the final gap between the roller and the mandrel was designed to be the same. The impact of the deformation value on the change in the mechanical properties of the material with the simultaneous impact of the number of forming passes was determined. In addition, the effect of the elimination of a coolant on the process was analyzed. The material temperature rise caused by friction between a pair of working parts: the roller—and the workpiece—were examined with a thermal imaging camera.

This paper presents the results of microhardness tests and analyzes the impact of the forming parameters on the strength properties of the alloy. Because the forming process was done without cooling, the impact of the temperature prevailing during the deformation process on the change in the strength of the alloy was studied and analyzed. The deformation zone in which intensive grain deformation took place was determined.
Management of Post-traumatic Dental Immature Teeth at the Growing Phase
Authors: Fitriani Yufita , Juniar Eriza
Published: January 2024

Background: Anterior dental trauma is common in children. Traumatic dental injury in children's teeth can interfere with the function of speech, mastication, aesthetics, eruption of permanent teeth, and the growth and development of teeth and jaws. An unclosed and wide-open apex (immature tooth) is a complex case for a pediatric dentist due to multiple stages of treatment and different options compared to adults. Objective: To explain the management of post-traumatic dental immature teeth. Case: An eight-year-old male child came to the clinic one month after getting a dental injury. This case is classified into Class IV Ellis and Davey's traumatic dental injury classification with immature teeth. Case Management Apexification uses Ca(OH)2 paste followed by an acrylic provisoris restoration while the jaw grows. Conclusion: Apexification using Ca(OH)2 paste followed by acrylic provisions crown restoration is a proper treatment in this case.
Ideas of Multipolarity in the Conceptual Frame of the Soviet Diplomacy during the Final Phases of the Great Patriotic war (1943–1945)
Authors: Magadeev I. E.
Published: January 2024

This article endeavors to delineate the conceptual landscape occupied by the notions of prospective multipolarity within the strategic discourse of Soviet diplomacy during the latter phases of the Great Patriotic War. Particular emphasis is placed on the intellectual contributions of two prominent Soviet diplomats, M.M. Litvinov and I.M. Maisky. The author substantiates these insights by drawing upon both published and archival source materials, including the diaries and records maintained by officials within the Soviet Foreign Office, as well as documents emanating from the "Litvinov commission."

While the diplomatic theories formulated by Litvinov and Maisky during the years 1943–1945 have been subject to analysis by Russian and international scholars, the majority of extant scholarship has traditionally focused on the content and nuances of their perspectives on specific international "questions." Departing from this convention, this article adopts a methodological approach that seeks to explore the underlying conceptual foundations upon which the ideas of Litvinov and Maisky were constructed. Additionally, the essay introduces a novel dimension by surveying the viewpoints of other Soviet diplomats (S.A. Lozovskii, B.E. Shtein, Ia.Z. Surits, E.V. Tarle), who have garnered relatively less scholarly attention.

Of paramount interest is the manner in which Litvinov and Maisky envisaged the post-World War II international landscape, albeit without explicitly employing the term "multipolarity." The article addresses critical questions, such as their perception of the global scenario following WWII, their consideration of the inevitability of Soviet-American bipolarity, and the factors and circumstances that influenced their conceptualizations. The contemporary resurgence of discussions surrounding the trajectory of multipolarity in the twenty-first century underscores the pertinence of this historical inquiry.The article's key conclusion posits that the conceptual framework embraced by Soviet diplomats during 1943–1945 was not centered on notions of bipolarity or an imminent Cold War. While acknowledging the potential escalation of tensions between the USSR and Western nations led by the USA and Great Britain, they favored collaboration among the principal powers of the antiHitlerite coalition, grounded in an implicit understanding of their respective "spheres of influence." Although Soviet Foreign Office officials did not discount the possibility of the formation of a united Anglo-American front against the USSR, they believed that Soviet diplomacy should actively work to prevent such an outcome by capitalizing on the fissures between Washington and London.
Exploring Lessons from Soviet Diplomacy and Western Allied Cooperation in World War II
Authors: Pechatnov V. O.
Published: January 2024

Based on an analysis of documentary sources from Russian, American, and British archives, this article delves into the intricacies of coalition diplomacy among the Allies during World War II. It places special emphasis on the adherence to obligations and coalition behavior norms, encompassing respect for partners' interests, maintaining unity amidst divergences, coordinating actions towards shared objectives, and avoiding actions that risk coalition breakdown. The comparative analysis of Soviet and Anglo-American diplomacy reveals that the principal members of the anti-Hitler coalition generally adhered to these norms, contributing to the ultimate defeat of their common adversary. However, the study indicates that the Soviet Union exhibited greater fidelity in fulfilling its obligations and was more proactive in institutionalizing the coalition for enhanced stability and equal participation in strategic decision-making for war conduct and postwar arrangements. This quest for parity was often impeded by the Western powers' reluctance to accept the Soviet Union as an enduring, equal partner and legitimate member of the great powers' club, both during and after the war. This hesitance, the article argues, was rooted not just in geopolitical considerations but also in deep-seated cultural factors, particularly the traditional Western sense of superiority and perception of Russia as a 'lesser' civilization not fit for inclusion in the Euro-Atlantic community. The article brings to light lesser-known documents from US and UK archives to illustrate this mindset. It also acknowledges dissenting voices in Anglo-American political spheres who advocated for a more equitable relationship with the USSR. However, these perspectives did not significantly alter the overarching direction of Western policy.