bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The adaptation of the pedagogical knowledge and skills survey into Turkish: Validity and reliability study
Authors: GÖKÇEK Tuba , YILMAZ Aynur
Published: January 2019

This research aims to
adapt the Pedagogical Knowledge and Skills in Teaching (PKST) survey developed
by Wong, Chong, Choy and Lim (2012) to Turkish. The participants of the study
are 830 4th year students of education faculty studying at two different public
universities. Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted with total 205
pre-service teachers in which 110 (53. 6%) of female and 95 (46,4 %) of male.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was also carried out with total 625 preservice
teachers in which 330 (52. 8 %) of them are female, 295 (47. 2 %) of them are
male. Back translation was used to ensure language validity. EFA and CFA were
conducted for the construct validity and to ensure psychometric characteristics
of measurement tool. EFA show that survey has six factors and 37 items.
Coefficient was 0.94 for the survey whereas it ranged between 0.70 and 0.88 for
its factors. The analyses and findings show that the survey is a valid and
reliable data collection tool.
A tradução de um poema de Stephen Crane
Authors: Britto Paulo Henriques
Published: January 2019

O artigo analisa a tradução de um poema de Stephen Crane, feita por mim, e comenta a utilização, no texto traduzido, de recursos retóricos, lexicais e formais encontrados num poema de Castro Alves.
Machado de Assis, o escritor que nos lê
Authors: Petraglia Benito
Published: January 2019

Este texto é uma resenha do livro Machado de Assis, o escritor que nos lê, de Hélio Guimarães, e procura mostrar a propriedade com que o autor organizou a fortuna crítica de nosso maior escritor.
Costura & sutura: traduzir e editar os fascículos de Emily Dickinson
Authors: Muller Adalberto
Published: January 2019

Desde a sua publicação inicial, os manuscritos de Emily Dickinson foram submetidos a alterações, distorções e apagamentos, bem como a muita tentativa frustrada ou não tão bem-sucedida de preservar a sua singularidade no processo de edição. Em nossos dias, mais de uma edição diferente de suas obras circula em livrarias. Para o tradutor, essa instabilidade coloca o problema de definir qual dos originais que ele irá traduzir. Por isso, propomos aqui uma metodologia de tradução que consiste em duas atitudes: costura e sutura. Na costura, o tradutor desempenha um papel ativo nas escolhas editoriais de modo a criar uma estabilidade e constituir uma versão (tradução) de leitura. Numa outra mão, o processo de sutura aceita a instabilidade da obra (elipses, variantes, alternativas, apagamentos, discórdias interpretativas etc.) e incita a busca incessante de um sujeito (ou sentido) que apenas bruxuleia na cadeia discursiva e é, em sua própria natureza, inatingível. Além disso, se o processo de costura leva em consideração o contexto e o cotexto de um poema para (re)construir o sentido do conteúdo manifesto da obra, a sutura opera no nível do conteúdo latente, considerando que as elipses, variantes, alternativas, supressões etc. criam um regime de indeterminação com o qual o tradutor deve saber lidar. Por isso, a tarefa do tradutor pressupõe imposições estéticas e éticas ao mesmo tempo, pois suas escolhas são feitas antes mesmo da transferência do original para a sua própria língua. Para ilustrar isso tudo, apresentamos aqui em anexo a tradução do fascículo 34 de Emily Dickinson (1863), de acordo com a edição de Cristanne Miller em Emily Dickinson’s Poems: As She Preserved Them. (Inclui tradução do fascículo 34).
A recepção de Garrett: o Brasil e a literatura brasileira sob o olhar de um classicista romantizado
Authors: França Eduardo Melo
Published: January 2019

Pretendemos demonstrar como Almeida Garrett projetou o Brasil na sua obra e problematizou a possibilidade da emergência de uma literatura brasileira e original no século XIX.
Exofonia do hóspede: poemas de Tawada Yôko
Authors: Daudt Marianna Ilgenfritz , Cunha Andrei dos Santos , Buss Michelle Conterato
Published: January 2019

O presente texto é dividido em duas partes. Na primeira, apresentamos uma autora japonesa, Tawada Yôko, e um livro seu, Wo Europa anfängt & Ein Gast, publicado na Alemanha em 2014. Tawada é uma autora japonesa que publica obras literárias tanto em japonês como em alemão, língua do lugar onde escolheu viver sua vida adulta. O livro em questão inclui textos em prosa e uma sequência de quatorze poemas, apresentados em japonês e alemão, e nunca publicados no Japão. Dentre os principais temas dos poemas, podemos citar a ideia de “hóspede”, associada tanto ao estrangeiro como a corpos que vivem em outros organismos; o ciclo da vida e da destruição; o caráter fluido e penetrável da língua; a guerra e seus fantasmas; o corpo da mulher como origem da vida. Outro tema importante desses poemas é o conceito, caro à autora, de “exofonia”, ou “literatura que se faz do lado de fora da língua materna”. Propomos uma discussão desse conceito, associando-o a questões políticas, identitárias e tradutórias. Após um breve relato do nosso processo de tradução e de algumas concepções linguísticas e literárias que encontramos em Tawada, apresentamos, na segunda parte, os poemas traduzidos para o português do Brasil, lado a lado com os textos de partida em alemão e japonês.
Antes do original: a poesia amorosa do Egito Antigo
Authors: Flores Guilherme Gontijo
Published: January 2019

Se pensarmos que cada experiência tradutória demanda uma teorização pela sua especificidade, a lida com a poesia amorosa do Egito Antigo pode servir de ponto para discussão sobre o que é o estabelecimento de um texto original a ser traduzido. Neste artigo, tento ao mesmo tempo relatar um percurso pessoal e considerar algumas questões tradutórias mais gerais derivadas da transmissão e interpretação da literatura egípcia antiga. Em alguns casos é possível imaginar a tradução como algo que vem antes do original e que até mesmo o constrói.
Na presença de Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht: uma entrevista
Authors: Queiroz Luciana Molina
Published: January 2019

A entrevista tratou de temas relativos aos estudos literários, às ciências humanas, às artes, às novas tecnologias, às universidades, bem como dos planos futuros do prof. Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht.
Situação de Valéry traduzido no Brasil
Authors: Faleiros Álvaro , Zular Roberto
Published: January 2019

Este artigo trata das traduções de Paul Valéry (1971-1945) publicadas em livro no Brasil desde a década de 1930, buscando um diálogo entre os projetos tradutórios e a literatura comparada, tendo como eixo a noção de historicidade. (inclui tradução do poema “A Pítia”, ao final do artigo).
A Study of EFL Students‘ Awareness on Apology through Cross Cultural Learning Activities
Authors: Permatasari Ardiyani Widya , Kristina Diah , Sumardi Sumardi
Published: January 2019

This study was aimed at exploring what types of cross cultural learning activities used that contribute to EFL students’ awareness on apology function, and how the process occurred at an EFL  tertiary level. The data analyzed in this study were collected in Satya Wacana Christian University and Sebelas Maret University. The study was a mixed method in nature using a questionnaire and interview adapted from previous studies. The quantitative data was obtained from six Indonesian EFL students using Discourse Completion Tasks Questionnaires (DCTQ), while the qualitative data obtained from individual interviews carried out with six EFL students. The results showed that there were group discussion and role playing used as cross cultural learning activities which contributed to EFL students’ awareness on apology functions. Another finding also indicated the use of apology strategies performing those two learning activities. It was unveiled that that EFL students employed numerous apology strategies that they were well aware of how to use adequate apology forms to meet the requirement of certain situations and relationships, and that they felt the need for explaining and avoiding interpretation of their responses as an apology.
New Explanation for the Mpemba Effect
Authors: Tyrovolas Ilias
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study is to check out the involvement of entropy in Mpemba effect. Several water samples were cooled down to frozen in order to probe if preheat affects the cooling duration time. We found out that preheating of the water sample the cooling duration was reduced. Given this, we theoretically show that water gains more entropy when warmed and re-cooled to the original temperature.
Computational Comparison of Major Proposed Methods for Graph Partitioning Problem
Authors: Rais Helmi Md , Abed Saad Adnan , Watada Junzo ,   Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Petronas Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia,   High Performance Cloud Computing Center, Universiti Teknologi Petronas Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia
Published: January 2019

k-way graph partitioning is an NP-complete problem, which is applied to various tasks such as route planning, image segmentation, community detection, and high-performance computing. The approximate methods constitute a useful solution for these types of problems. Thus, many research studies have focused on developing meta-heuristic algorithms to tackle the graph partitioning problem. Local search is one of the earliest methods that has been applied efficiently to this type of problem. Recent studies have explored various types of local search methods and have improved them such that they can be used with the partitioning process. Moreover, local search methods are widely integrated with population-based approaches, to provide the best diversification and intensification for the problem space. This study emphasizes the local search approaches, as well as their combination with other graph partitioning approaches. At present, none of the surveys in the literature has focused on this class of state of the art approaches in much detail. In this study, the vital parts of these approaches including neighborhood structure, acceptance criterion, and the ways of combining them with other approaches, are highlighted. Additionally, we provide an experimental comparison that shows the variance in the performance of the reviewed methods. Hence, this study clarifies these methods to show their advantages and limitations for the targeted problem, and thus can aid in the direction of research flow towards the area of graph partitioning.
Evaluation of Vital Data by Presenting Feeling of Presence Using Modulated Infrared Rays
Authors: Sakaniwa Hidenori ,   Center for Exploratory Research, Hitachi Ltd. 1-280 Higashi-Koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
Published: January 2019

A new method of vital stimulation apart from the visual and auditory senses using modulated far-infrared rays is proposed. The somatic sense is stimulated to provide the feeling of presence of a human being. Fundamental experiments are performed, and the specifications of the stimulating device are defined. The heartbeat, breathing, and temperature change of parts of the face are observed during the irradiation of the modulated far-infrared rays. The change in the vital data of the human reaction towards the stimulation is < 3.5% and no remarkable characteristics are observed. When three subjects are questioned, a somatic sensation is reported; thus, the possibility of detecting the feeling of presence using other vital data is suggested. Further development of detection techniques using the vital data is planned in order to confirm the effectiveness of the detection of the feeling of presence.
Intelligent Control Technology of Ultra-High Voltage Grid
Authors: Li Yan ,   Inner Mongolia Eastern Power Co., Ltd. Saihan, Hohhot 010020, China
Published: January 2019

In order to ensure the stability and economy of ultra-high voltage grid in construction, we need to research the intelligent control method of ultra-high voltage grid. Using current method in ultra-high voltage grid construction, there is a problem of poor stability. Therefore, this paper proposed an intelligent control method of ultra-high voltage grid. This method analyzed the transmission capacity of power grid and electromagnetic loop operation, and used the genetic algorithm to compute the optimization model, finally analyzed the stability of the power frequency voltage completing the intelligent control of ultra-high voltage grid. Experimental results show that this method has high practical value.
Optimization of Orthogonal MSK Waveforms for Active Sonar Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Liu Dali , Li Lei , Chen Xinhong ,   School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin Polytechnic University No.399, BinShui West Road, XiQing District, Tianjin 300387, China,   State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 21, North 4th Ring Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China,   Physical Engineering School, Zhengzhou University No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan 450001, China,   Tianjin Railway Technical and Vocational College No.21 Jianchang Road, Hebei District, Tianjin 300240, China
Published: January 2019

In order to solve the high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) problem of pseudo random code phase modulation (PRCPM) signals, minimum shift keying (MSK) modulation waveforms with constant envelope were introduced into underwater detection. Genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed to optimize pseudo random binary codes used for MSK waveforms, in order to design sonar waveforms with various performances. After MSK complex envelope signal was obtained by theoretical analysis, the optimizing objective functions for a single waveform and a group of waveforms were presented. The optimized single waveform with low autocorrelation sidelobe values can reduce false alarm number and the difficulty of target decision. When multiple sonar systems work as a team, the optimized group of orthogonal waveforms with low autocorrelation sidelobe values and cross-correlation values can alleviate interferences between each other. In the simulation, the correlation performances of a single waveform and a group of orthogonal waveforms were presented, and ambiguity function showed that the designed waveforms had good velocity and distance resolution, which means that the optimized MSK waveforms are suitable for underwater detection.
Research on New and Old Kinetic Energy Transformation Supported by Smart City Construction in Big Data Era
Authors: Wei Liping , Hu Yannian ,   Weifang University No.5147 Dongfeng East Street, Weifang, Shandong 261061, China,   Weifang Smart City Construction Office No.5147 Dongfeng East Street, Weifang, Shandong 261061, China
Published: January 2019

The transformation of new and old kinetic energy is a new requirement for the new economy when China enters into the new era. When mankind experienced mechanization, electrification, automation, and finally entered the era of digital industry, human wisdom based on information technology will become a new energy source for the new era. The trend of Digital, networked, automated and intelligent economic development has become the main driving force of energy innovation under the background of big data, while smart city construction, as a kind of infrastructure investment, assumes the function of upstream industry and social leading capital in the conversion of new and old kinetic energy. The experience of leading the construction of smart city of Weifang based on the NB-IoT unified standards, sequential upgrading development, and people’s livelihood guidance has further proved that smart city construction is not only the specific application of big data in infrastructure construction, but a high point of development in the new round of digital economy and new and old energy conversion transformation.
Design and Implementation of Monitoring System for Extracurricular Physical Exercise Based on Energy Consumption Measurement
Authors: Cheng Xisen , Zhu Liming , Zhao Zhimin ,   College of Arts and Science, Jianghan University No.8 Sanjiaohu Rd., Caidian, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, China,   School of Physical Education, Jianghan University No.8 Sanjiaohu Rd., Caidian, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, China,   College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Pingdingshan University Weilai Rd., Xincheng District, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
Published: January 2019

Although the present attendance management system, adopted by universities, determines students’ physical presence. It does not determine whether they perform physical activities. It is important to monitor students’ extracurricular physical exercise scientifically and effectively to solve the actual effect of extracurricular physical exercise attendance and exercise. Calorie management is one solution to this problem. Additionally, an extracurricular physical exercise monitoring and management system is developed to record the energy consumption of students during their physical activities. To realize the demand for the management of calories and the monitoring and analysis of the energy consumption of students through the two development of the energy consumption instrument. This plan has certain significance for solving the actual effect of extracurricular physical training.
Hemi-paretik Serebral Palsili Çocuklarda Sanal Gerçeklik Uygulamasının Kaba Motor Becerileri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: ARAN Orkun Tahir , ŞAHİN Sedef , KÖSE Barkın , HURİ Meral
Published: January 2019

Amaç: Sanal gerçeklik (SG) uygulamasının hemiparetik serebral palsili (HSP) çocukların kaba motor beceri düzeyi üzerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla planlandı.Gereç ve yöntem: Yaş ortalaması 10,4 ± 2,92 yıl olan HSP’li çocuk (12 erkek-8 kız)  çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Bilgisayar yazılımı için özel olarak programlanmış SG oyunları, haftada bir kez 30 dakika süreyle 8 hafta boyunca çocuklara uygulandı. Kaba motor beceri düzeyleri Bruininks - Oseretsky Motor Yeterlilik Testi Kısa Formu'nun (BOMYT-KF) 1-4 alt testleri ile müdahale öncesi, 4. ve 8. Haftalarda olmak üzere 3 kez tekrarlandı. Müdahalenin etkileri tekrarlanan ölçümler ANOVA yöntemi ile analiz edildi.Bulgular: Çocukların 11'inin sağ ve 9’ununda sol HSP olduğu bulundu. Kaba motor beceri düzeyleri müdahale öncesi 7,60 ± 3,16, müdahalenin 4. Haftasında 10,75 ± 2,61, müdahale sonrası (8. haftada) 12,65 ± 2,47 olarak bulundu. BOMYT-KF’nun tüm alt testlerindeki artış, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p<0.05). 4. ve 8. Hafta ölçümleri arası ölçümlerde denge ve kuvvet alt bölümlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (p<0.05).Sonuç: HSP’li çocuklarda en az dört haftalık SG müdahalesi ile tedavi programlarının geliştirilmesinin, koşma, denge, bilateral koordinasyon ve kuvvet gibi kaba motor beceri düzeylerini artırabilir. HSP çocuklara yapılan rehabilitasyon uygulamalarında SG uygulamalarının daha yaygın olarak kullanılması ile çocukların motor becerilerinde daha fazla kazanım sağlayacağını düşünmekteyiz.
From Disaster Response to Community Recovery: Nongovernmental Entities, Government, and Public Health
Authors: Sledge Daniel , Thomas Herschel F.
Published: January 2019

In this article, we examine the role of nongovernmental entities (NGEs; nonprofits, religious groups, and businesses) in disaster response and recovery. Although media reports and the existing scholarly literature focus heavily on the role of governments, NGEs provide critical services related to public safety and public health after disasters. NGEs are crucial because of their ability to quickly provide services, their flexibility, and their unique capacity to reach marginalized populations.

To examine the role of NGEs, we surveyed 115 NGEs engaged in disaster response. We also conducted extensive field work, completing 44 hours of semistructured interviews with staff from NGEs and government agencies in postdisaster areas in Texas, Florida, Puerto Rico, Northern California, and Southern California. Finally, we compiled quantitative data on the distribution of nonprofit organizations.

We found that, in addition to high levels of variation in NGE resources across counties, NGEs face serious coordination and service delivery problems. Federal funding for expanding the capacity of local Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster groups, we suggest, would help NGEs and government to coordinate response efforts and ensure that recoveries better address underlying social and economic vulnerabilities.
Funding for Abstinence-Only Education and Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention: Does State Ideology Affect Outcomes?
Authors: Fox Ashley M. , Himmelstein Georgia , Khalid Hina , Howell Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2019

Objectives. To examine the relationship between adolescent pregnancy–prevention and sexuality and abstinence-only education funding and adolescent birthrates over time. Also, to determine whether state ideology plays a moderating role on adolescent reproductive health, that is, whether the funding has its intended effect at reducing the number of adolescent births in conservative but not in liberal states.

Methods. We modeled time-series data on federal abstinence-only and adolescent pregnancy–prevention and sexuality education block grants to US states and rates of adolescent births (1998–2016) and adjusted for state-level confounders using 2-way fixed-effects models.

Results. Federal abstinence-only funding had no effect on adolescent birthrates overall but displayed a perverse effect, increasing adolescent birthrates in conservative states. Adolescent pregnancy–prevention and sexuality education funding eclipsed this effect, reducing adolescent birthrates in those states.

Conclusions. The millions of dollars spent on abstinence-only education has had no effect on adolescent birthrates, although conservative states, which experience the greatest burden of adolescent births, are the most responsive to changes in sexuality education–funding streams.
Reconsidering Strategies for Managing Chronic Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Srivastava Karan , Bozic Kevin J. , Silverton Craig , Nelson Andrew J. , Makhni Eric C. , Davis Jason J.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total knee arthroplasty is a growing concern, as the demand for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) expands annually. Although 2-stage revision is considered the gold standard in management, there is substantial morbidity and mortality associated with this strategy. One-stage revision is associated with lower mortality rates and better quality of life, and there has been increased interest in utilizing the 1-stage strategy. However, surgeons are faced with a difficult decision regarding which strategy to use to treat these infections, considering uncertainty with respect to eradication of infection, quality of life, and societal costs with each strategy. The purpose of the current study was to use decision analysis to determine the optimal decision for the management of PJI following TKA.

Methods:

An expected-value decision tree was constructed to estimate the quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs associated with 1-stage and 2-stage revision. Two decision trees were created: Decision Tree 1 was constructed for all pathogens, and Decision Tree 2 was constructed solely for difficult-to-treat infections, including methicillin-resistant infections. Values for parameters in the decision model, such as mortality rate, reinfection rate, and need for additional surgeries, were derived from the literature. Medical costs were derived from Medicare data. Sensitivity analysis determined which parameters in the decision model had the most influence on the optimal strategy.

Results:

In both decision trees, the 1-stage strategy produced greater health utility while also being more cost-effective. In the Monte Carlo simulation for Decision Trees 1 and 2, 1-stage was the dominant strategy in about 85% and 69% of the trials, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that the reinfection and 1-year mortality rates were the most sensitive parameters influencing the optimal decision.

Conclusions:

Despite 2-stage revision being considered the current gold standard for infection eradication in patients with PJI following TKA, the optimal decision that produced the highest quality of life was 1-stage revision. These results should be considered in shared decision-making with patients who experience PJI following TKA.

Level of Evidence:

Economic and Decision Analysis Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Full-Thickness Cartilage Defects Are Important Independent Predictive Factors for Progression to Total Knee Arthroplasty in Older Adults with Minimal to Moderate Osteoarthritis
Authors: Everhart Joshua S. , Abouljoud Moneer M. , Kirven J. Caid , Flanigan David C.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) severity on radiographs is not a reliable predictor of symptom severity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether full-thickness defects or OA grade are predictive of the progression to total knee arthroplasty in older patients without end-stage arthritis.

Methods:

This study included 1,319 adults aged 45 to 79 years (mean age [and standard deviation], 61.0 ± 9.2 years) who were enrolled in the Osteoarthritis Initiative, a prospective multicenter study with median 9-year follow-up data. All participants had Kellgren-Lawrence grade-0 to 3 (no to moderate) OA on bilateral radiographs; patients with grade-4 (severe) OA were excluded. The presence and total surface area of full-thickness cartilage defects on the tibia or the weight-bearing portion of the femoral condyle were determined. The risk of total knee arthroplasty due to defect presence and size as well as OA grade was determined with Cox proportional-hazards modeling after controlling for baseline variables including, but not limited to, age, sex, race, weight, knee alignment, symptom severity, quality-of-life scores, and activity level.

Results:

Four hundred and ninety-six patients (37.6%) had full-thickness defects. The incidence of knee arthroplasty was 0.57% per person-year for adults without a full-thickness defect and 2.15% for those with a defect. After adjusting for confounders, the presence of a full-thickness defect increased the risk of total knee arthroplasty regardless of OA grade, with higher risk demonstrated for larger (≥2 cm2) defects (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.27 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.70 to 10.3]; p < 0.001) compared with smaller (<2 cm2) defects (HR = 2.65 [95% CI = 1.60 to 4.37]; p < 0.001). Compared with nonarthritic knees (grade 0 to 1), mild arthritis (grade 2) did not increase total knee arthroplasty risk (HR = 0.71 [95% CI = 0.31 to 1.60]); moderate arthritis (grade 3) increased total knee arthroplasty risk in adults without a full-thickness defect (HR = 3.15 [95% CI = 1.34 to 7.40]; p = 0.009) but not in adults with a defect (HR = 0.64 [95% CI = 0.28 to 1.49]; p = 0.30).

Conclusions:

Full-thickness cartilage defects were a major determinant of future knee arthroplasty in older adults with minimal to moderate OA, even after adjusting for baseline knee symptom severity. Baseline radiographic severity grade was only associated with future total knee arthroplasty risk in the absence of a full-thickness defect.

Level of Evidence:

PrognosticLevel IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Infantile Supracondylar Humeral Fractures (Patients Less Than Two Years of Age)
Authors: Mehlman Charles T. , Denning Jaime Rice , McCarthy James J. , Fisher Michael L.
Published: January 2019

Background:

The age range for supracondylar humeral fractures spans from 1 to 14 years of age; most published studies have analyzed patients as non-age-segregated cohorts. Some isolated studies focused on the upper age range, demonstrating a male predominance and more severe fractures. The purpose of the current study was to analyze a large cohort of patients with surgically treated supracondylar humeral fractures at the low end of the age range (<2 years of age).

Methods:

Patients <2 years of age were identified from surgical billing records. Pin constructs were categorized as lateral column-only fixation or medial and lateral column fixation. All patients were followed through fracture-healing. Substantial loss of reduction was defined as a Baumann angle that changed ≥10° between surgery and healing or as a lateral rotation percentage (i.e., Gordon index) of ≥50% at the time of healing. The Fisher exact test was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

One hundred and three patients met our inclusion criteria. There were 69 female and 34 male patients (a 2:1 female-to-male ratio). Two patients did not have adequate follow-up radiographs. Of the 46 patients with bicolumnar fixation, 5 (11%) demonstrated loss of reduction compared with 20 (36%) of 55 patients with lateral column-only fixation. This difference between the groups was significant (p = 0.005). The group with lateral column-only fixation had 4.7-times-higher odds of loss of reduction (95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 13.8). A subset of patients had in-cast imaging that allowed calculation of the posterior sagittal cast index (a measure of cast fit). Eight of 15 patients who had a posterior sagittal cast index of ≥0.20 experienced loss of reduction, while only 1 of 19 patients with a cast index value of <0.20 had loss of reduction (p = 0.004).

Conclusions:

Supracondylar humeral fractures were twice as common in females in this very young cohort. We also found a nearly 5-times-higher odds of loss of reduction when fracture fixation was of the lateral column only.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Analysis of Spinal Canal Length Increase After Surgery for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Yahara Yasuhito , Seki Shoji , Makino Hiroto , Watanabe Kei , Uehara Masashi , Takahashi Jun , Kimura Tomoatsu
Published: January 2019

Background:

The most severe complication after surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is spinal cord injury. There is a relationship between corrective surgery and subsequent elongation of the spinal canal. We sought to investigate which factors are involved in this phenomenon.

Methods:

Seventy-seven patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (49 with Lenke type 1 and 28 with type 2) who underwent spinal correction surgery were included. The mean patient age at surgery was 14.2 years (range, 11 to 20 years). The spines of all patients were fused within the range of T2 to L2, and computed tomography (CT) data were retrospectively collected. We measured the preoperative and postoperative lengths of the spinal canal from T2 to L2 using 3-dimensional (3D) CT-based imaging software. We also examined the association between the change in T2-L2 spinal canal length and the radiographic parameters.

Results:

The length of the spinal canal from T2 to L2 was increased by a mean of 8.5 mm in the patients with Lenke type 1, 12.7 mm in those with type 2, and 10.1 mm overall. Elongation was positively associated with the preoperative main thoracic Cobb angle in both the type-1 group (R = 0.43, p < 0.005) and the type-2 group (R = 0.77, p < 0.000001). The greatest elongation was observed in the periapical vertebral levels of the main thoracic curves.

Conclusions:

Corrective surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis elongated the spinal canal. The preoperative proximal, main thoracic, and thoracolumbar/lumbar Cobb angles are moderate predictors of postoperative spinal canal length after scoliosis surgery.

Clinical Relevance:

It is important to understand how much the spinal canal is elongated after surgery to lessen the risk of intraoperative and postoperative neurological complications.
Shale’s Big Sand Switch Is Delivering Dollars, But Not Eroding All Concerns
Authors: Jacobs Trent
Published: January 2019

Where shale producers in Texas are getting their proppant has turned out to be one of the sector’s most significant market transformations since the onset of the oil industry’s downturn.

The 4-year movement toward using regional sands from within the state has been a major

economic win for the operators leading it. The production results are encouraging. Supply chains are more efficient. Yet, there remain long-term concerns.

Distinguished by their roundness and high-crush strengths, northern white sands from the US Midwest had served as the ubiquitous proppant of choice for much of the unconventional revolution—supplying 75% of the sector’s frac sand in 2014. Then crude prices collapsed.

Northern white sand accounts for just over 40% of today’s market. Nearly a quarter of the supply now comes from within the Permian Basin thanks to more than a dozen new in-basin sand mines that opened within the past year.

The additional supplies have forced the premium northern white sand suppliers in the US Midwest into price parity with the regional sands in Texas. However, without the need for cross-country rail shipments from Wisconsin or other northern states, the all-in cost of the Texas alternatives is actually about 60% less—amounting to a reduction of $40–$50 per ton.

Previously, operators avoided the use of these regionals sands due to their lower quality. The fear was that their more brittle grains tend to compact quicker, cutting off hydrocarbon flow from within the fractured reservoir. But for the most intense horizontal well designs that use 40 to 50 million lbs of sand, the arbitrage can amount to more than $1 million of freed up capital per well.

“The way I look at it is, if you can save that much money, then it doesn’t take very long until you’ve already funded a new well,” said Scott Forbes, a proppant expert with the consultancy Wood Mackenzie.

Forbes has been visiting the in-basin mines in Texas and speaking with buyers for the past year. In terms of production issues, he has heard of isolated cases where improper sand cleaning operations at some of the new mines may have contributed to poor well completions.

Overall though, the sentiment Forbes has picked up on from the shale patch is that the gains outweigh any losses seen so far. Companies that were the first to switch to regional sands “are pretty well sold on it,” he shared, adding that their gains are creating pressure on the hold-outs to follow suit.

The big sand shift started early on in the downturn as producers in Texas sought economic refuge by “debundling” their reliance on service companies and sourced brown sands (i.e., Brady or Hickory Sands) directly from mines in the central part of the state. The second act—the arrival of the in-basin operations—is solidifying the transition sooner than many anticipated.
Flow-Simulation Model Improves Analysis of Perforated-Rock Cleanup and Productivity
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: January 2019

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 190113, “Advanced Analysis of Cleanup and Productivity From Perforated Rocks Using Computational Fluid Dynamics,” by Rajani Satti, SPE, Stephen N. Zuklic, and Derek Bale, SPE, Baker Hughes, a GE company, and Nils Koliha, Andrew Fager, SPE, Gana Balasubramanian, Bernd Crouse, SPE, and David Freed, SPE, EXA, prepared for the 2018 SPE Western Regional Meeting, Garden Grove, California, USA, 22–27 April. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Because of inherent complexities, understanding the characteristics of perforations in downhole environments is a significant challenge. Perforation-flow laboratories have been used to provide insight into cleanup and productivity mechanisms around perforation tunnels. In contrast to previous studies, the model presented in this work uses the perforation-flow laboratory, micro-computed-tomography (CT) and conventional CT imaging, and, most importantly, an advanced simulation approach to provide an accurate assessment of cleanup techniques and productivity. This full-scale 3D flow model accounts for realistic aspects of tunnel geometry, perforation damage, and blockages that impede flow.

Introduction

In recent years, numerical tools increasingly have been used in conjunction with experiments to provide better insight into the flow characteristics of perforated cores and perforated well-scale formations. Several numerical studies on perforation fluid flow have been conducted for core scale. However, comprehensive details relating to the modeling of perforation-zone damage and thickness, flow directionality, debris mechanisms, and implications for cleanup have not been studied in detail. In addition, most computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies have used traditional Navier-Stokes-based solvers. In this study, the authors have used a commercially available flow-simulation software based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to calculate the complex flow and cleanup mechanisms around the perforation tunnel.

Lattice-based methods, an alternative to traditional CFD methods, track the advection and collisions of fluid particles on a computational grid. Because the average number of particles per grid cell far exceeds the computing power required to track them individually, the particles are grouped into an integer number of discrete velocities. LBM has been well validated and is in common use for many flow applications. The flow solver used here includes a turbulence model that is similar conceptually to the large-eddy simulation approach. The flow solver also includes a porous-media model that is used, in this study, to model the rock. The porous-media model invokes a Darcy-type pressure loss by applying a flow resistance determined from the known permeability of the rock. The resistance can include a viscous (linear) and an inertial (quadratic) term with respect to local velocity and can be made to vary spatially to model rock heterogeneity.
Winter Pea, Crimson Clover, and Hairy Vetch Planted in Mixture with Small Grains in the Southeast United States
Authors: Vann R. A. , Reberg‐Horton S.C. , Castillo M.S. , McGee R.J. , Mirsky S.B.
Published: January 2019

Core Ideas

Legume and small grain cover crops are combined in mixture to provide N fertility and weed suppression for the following cash crop.

In environments where winter pea growth is not restricted by cold, winter pea can produce as much biomass in mixture with small grains as crimson clover and hairy vetch.

Hairy vetch was the most competitive legume with the small grains across environments and restricted small grain biomass production.

The variability in total biomass composition across environments in this study demonstrates the importance of site specific cover crop species selection and mixture seeding rate recommendations.

Legume and small grain cover crop mixtures may simultaneously fix N and suppress weeds. Studies were conducted from 2015 to 2017 in Maryland and North Carolina to compare winter pea (Pisum sativumL.) to crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosaRoth) for cover crop use in mixture with small grains. Five winter pea genotypes, one crimson clover cultivar, and one hairy vetch cultivar were screened in mixture with barley (Hordeum vulgare), oats (Avena sativa), and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Cold injury of the pea genotypes in Maryland severely impacted pea biomass. Peas were able to recover from cold injury in North Carolina. A robustly growing small grain aided in legume cold tolerance in some environments. In the Coastal Plain environments, all legume genotypes generally contributed to at least 50% of mixture biomass production. In the Maryland and Piedmont environments, the small grain dominated the cover crop mixture. Oats were generally more competitive with the legume species than barley or wheat. In the North Carolina Coastal Plain and Piedmont, several winter pea genotypes produced as much biomass in mixture as crimson clover and hairy vetch. Hairy vetch was the most competitive legume with the small grains across environments. The variability in total biomass composition across environments in this study demonstrates the importance of site specific cover crop species selection and mixture seeding rate recommendations.
A Review of Soybean Yield when Double‐Cropped after Wheat
Authors: Santos Hansel Damaris Sulzbach , Schwalbert Rai A. , Shoup Douglas E. , Holshouser David L. , Parvej Rasel , Prasad P.V. Vara , Ciampitti Ignacio A.
Published: January 2019

Core Ideas

Relative to full‐season soybeans, the double‐crop soybean yield gap is delayed and full‐season soybean yields improved.

As wheat yield improved, double‐crop soybean has lower probability of presenting greater yields than wheat.

Previous wheat yield, and soybean planting date and maturity groups influenced the attainable yield for double‐crop soybeans.

Soybean (Glycine Max L.) planted after wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest in same season (double cropped [DC]) has the potential to increase productivity and sustainability. The objectives of this synthesis review were to (i) quantify attainable yield for DC soybean benchmarking against full‐season (FS) soybean; (ii) determine and build probabilistic response models on the effect of previous wheat productivity on DC soybean yields; and (iii) detect and rank factors influencing DC soybean yields via a decision inference tree analysis. A global database on DC soybean studies collected from 1976 to 2017 was divided into three data sets: (i) FS and DC soybean (n = 141 data points); (ii) wheat and DC soybean (n = 463); and (iii) production factors and DC soybean (n = 547). Analysis showed that the yield gap between FS and DC soybeans increased from ‐31 to 1160 kg ha−1 as FS yield improved from 1500 to 3000 kg ha−1. Even though the proportion of the variation accounted for wheat yields in the DC soybean/wheat yield ratio was low (R2 = 0.15), the probability of soybean yield being equal to wheat yield was 0, 20, 30, and 55% for wheat yields of ≥6, ≥4 and <6, ≥2 and <4, and <2 Mg ha−1. Inference tree analysis indicated that the major factor impacting success of the DC system was wheat yield followed by soybean planting date and maturity group.
Photoperiod Response of Annual Wild Cicer Species and Cultivated Chickpea on Phenology, Growth, and Yield Traits
Authors: Sharma Shivali , Upadhyaya Hari D.
Published: January 2019

Frequent utilization of wild Cicer species in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) improvement programs, as well as the regeneration of these wild species for efficient conservation in genebanks, is hindered due to photoperiod and/or temperature sensitivity (vernalization). In this study, the response to four extended photoperiod treatments (15, 18, 21, and 24 h) was compared with a control (12 h) for phenology and growth in terms of reduction in number of days to first flowering, as well as for yield‐related traits in cultivated chickpea and seven annual wild Cicer species. The study revealed that wild Cicer species required long photoperiods (varying from 15 to 18 h) for transition from the vegetative to reproductive phase. Optimum photoperiods also improved agronomic traits such as pod number and seed yield per plant. Of the photoperiods studied, 18 h was the most appropriate photoperiod treatment for both reducing the vegetative phase and for efficient regeneration in C. reticulatum Ladiz. Fifteen hours was the most appropriate photoperiod in C. judaicum Boiss. and C. yamashitae Kitamura. Both 15 and 18 h were the most appropriate photoperiods in C. bijugum K.H. Rech. and C. pinnatifidum Jaub. & Sp., depending on the objective (15 h for regeneration and 18 h for reducing vegetative phase). Cicer chorassanicum (Bunge) M. Pop. and C. cuneatum Hochst. ex A. Rich. showed a weak response to all the extended photoperiod treatments. These results contribute to enhanced utilization of wild Cicer species for chickpea improvement through synchronization of flowering facilitating hybridization and for efficient regeneration by using species‐specific extended photoperiod treatments.
The Importance of Problem Based Learning in Islamic Higher Education
Authors: Kholis Nur
Published: January 2019

This article aims to explain the importance of applying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) method in Islamic Religious Colleges (PTKI). this study uses literature review. The results of the study indicate that PBL is a constructive learning method that uses problems as a trigger for the learning process. This method is important for students in Islamic higher education in constructing their own learning experiences and knowledge, to improve critical thinking skills, problem solving, train communication skills, and improve student learning outcomes. AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan memaparkan tentang pentingnya penerapan metode Problem Based Learning (PBL) di Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam (PTKI). penelitian ini menggunakan kajian kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PBL adalah metode pembelajaran konstruktivistik yang menggunakan masalah sebagai pemicu proses pembelajaran. Metode ini penting untuk mahasiswa di pendidikan tinggi Islam dalam mengkonstruk pengalaman belajar dan pengetahuan sendiri, untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis, pemecahan masalah, melatih keterampilan komunikasi, dan meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa.
Islamic Education in Supporting De-radicalization: A Review of Islamic Education in Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Haryani Tiyas Nur , Amin Muhammad Ikhsanul , Arifah Nur Hidayatul , Husna Arina Mardhiyana
Published: January 2019

This article present of the result of research about pondok pesantren (Islamic religious boarding school) education in confronting radicalism, focusing in researching the efforts of Pondok Pesantren Darusy Syuhadah in confronting radicalism. Collecting qualitative data through observation, documentation, and purposively sampled interviews. The result shows that pesantrens have a significant role in overcoming radicalism through its management of education model and curricula. Pondok Pesantren Darusy Syuhadah with Salaf education model build teaching and education to create generation of da’i (Islamic missionaries) and teachers of Islamic religion, so the curriculum prioritizes politeness and away from radicalism. AbstrakArtikel ini mempresentasikan hasil penelitian tentang pendidikan pondok pesantren dalam menghadapi radikalisme, memfokuskan pada upaya yang dilakukan pesantren Salaf di Pondok Pesantren Darusy Syuhadah dalam menghadapi radikalisme. Data kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara purposive sampeling. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pesantren memiliki peran yang signifikan dalam mengatasi radikalisme melalui pengelolaan model pendidikan dan kurikulumnya. Pondok Pesantren Darusy Syuhadah dengan model pendidikan Salaf membangun pengajaran dan pendidikan untuk menciptakan generasi da'i dan guru agama Islam, sehingga kurikulumnya mengutamakan kesantunan dan jauh dari radikalisme.
The Search For Islamic Studies Information Through Smartphones By Visual Impairments Disability
Authors: Hafiar Hanny , Subekti Priyo , Budiana Heru Ryanto
Published: January 2019

This study will find out the pattern of information retrieval about Islamic studies carried out by visual impairments people. This study uses a case study method. Respondents in this study were Muslim women with disabilities in the rehabilitation complex of the blind Wiyataguna, Bandung. The results showed that people with visual impairments used narrative sounds on their mobile phones to capture narrative voice abilities that were arranged at high speed. At first they used standard speed settings, but when the skill of capturing audio through the sense of hearing increased, they set the pace of the narrative to be very fast, so that other people had difficulty listening to it.AbstrakPenelitian ini berusaha untuk mengetahui pola pengambilan informasi mengenai studi Islam yang dilakukan oleh orang yang mengalami gangguan penglihatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah perempuan Muslim penyandang cacat yang berada di komplek rehabilitasi orang buta Wiyataguna, Bandung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orang-orang dengan gangguan penglihatan menggunakan suara naratif pada handphone untuk menangkap kemampuan suara naratif yang diatur dengan kecepatan tinggi. Pada mulanya mereka menggunakan pengaturan kecepatan standar, namun ketika  keterampilan  menangkap audio melalui indera pendengaran meningkat, mereka mengatur laju narasi menjadi sangat cepat, sehingga orang lain sulit untuk mendengarkannya.