bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Quantitative Analysis of the Research Trends in Perovskite Solar Cells in 2009–2019
Authors: Shikoh Ali Sephar , Polyakov Alexander
Published: October 2020

In the last decade, unprecedented research interest in the area of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been observed. Undoubtedly, due to an immense increase in research activity, scientific literature related to PSCs has grown considerably. However, a comprehensive quantitative analysis of literature related to this specified field is still lacking. Herein, novel statistical analysis techniques are used and the progressive effect that published work has had on the development of PSC technology in the past 11 years (from January 2009 to December 2019), is identified using “bibliometrix” and “VOS viewer” software packages. A statistical analysis based on the annual number of publications and their citational impact is performed. Further, journals, authors, institutions, and countries are ranked according to their scientific productivity and the total number of citations gathered from their published work. A total number of 16 103 documents, consisting of research and review articles, are analyzed with subsequent scientific conclusions made. This material is of great help to new researchers in the field of perovskites, enabling them to look at all the perovskite field developments in perspective and have the data at the tips of their hands, using a single reference point in the literature search.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of two standardized extracts from a new Chinese accession of non‐psychotropic Cannabis sativa L.
Authors: Muscarà Claudia , Smeriglio Antonella , Trombetta Domenico , Mandalari Giuseppina , La Camera Erminia , Occhiuto Cristina , Grassi Gianpaolo , Circosta Clara
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of two extracts from a new Chinese accession (G‐309) of Cannabis sativa L. (Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol <0.2%) with high content of propyl side chain phytocannabinoids. Dried flowering tops, as such and after hydrodistillation of the essential oil, were extracted with acidic hexane to produce the Cannabis Chinese hexane extract 1 (CChHE1) and 2 (CChHE2), respectively. The phytochemical profile of CChHE1 and CChHE2 was investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography–diode array detector–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS) analyses. The antioxidant properties were assessed by several in vitro cell‐free assays. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans. Phytochemical analyses highlighted a high content of cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA) and tetraydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA) in CChHE1, and cannabidivarin (CBDV) and tetraydrocannabivarin (THCV) in CChHE2. Both extracts showed remarkable antioxidant activity and strong antimicrobial properties (MIC 39.06 and MBC 39.06–78.13 μg/ml) against both ATCC and methicillin‐resistant clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, standardized extracts of C. sativa Chinese accession could be promising for their possible use as novel antibacterial agents for the treatment of widespread S. aureus infections.
Protocol‐based collaborative design for discrete‐time switched systems with sojourn probabilities
Authors: Zhu Di , Wei Guoliang , Li Jiajia , Ding Derui
Published: October 2020

This article focuses on the collaborative design of a class of discrete‐time switched systems with sojourn probabilities. For the purpose of preventing the data collision, the Try‐Once‐Discard (TOD) protocol is employed to govern the information transmission between sensors and the controller. Moreover, it is worth noting that the values of sojourn probabilities, which are not given ahead, have an effect on the system stability. As a consequence, a novel collaborative design framework is established, in which the sojourn probability and static output‐feedback controller are to be designed simultaneously. By considering the effect from the TOD protocol and using the Lyapunov function related to the mode and protocol, a sufficient condition is derived to guarantee the exponential mean square stability of the closed‐loop system with a prescribed lower bound on the decay rate. Then, the desired sojourn probabilities and controller gains dependent on the corresponding mode and protocol are obtained in terms of convex optimization method with equality constraints. Subsequently, an estimation approach is provided to estimate the decay rate and decay coefficient of the closed‐loop system. Finally, one numerical example is given to testify the effectiveness of the proposed design approach.
Phosphate Anion Imprinted Cryogel Cartridges for Selective Preconcentration of Phosphorylated Amino Acids from Protein Lysate: An Alternative Sorbent for Proteome Analyses
Authors: Armutcu Canan , Tartan Çağrı , Özgür Erdoğan , Nemutlu Emirhan , Uzun Lokman
Published: October 2020

Phosphorylation are vital in many stages such as cellular communication in metabolism, protein regulation, cell division and apoptosis. Also, the rate of phosphorylation with many diseases, including cancer, is linear. Analysis of the phosphorylated proteins is classified as phosphoproteomic and samples of hydrolyzed protein are analyzed by mass spectrometry. Although there are generally 20 amino acids in biological systems; only three (tyrosine, threonine and serine) are phosphorylated based on the hydroxyl groups they have. Thus, the preconcentration of these amino acids, which are found to be relatively low in number and amount in phosphoproteomic analyses, is of great importance for diagnosing and monitoring of the treatment. Herein, it is aimed to develop phosphate‐imprinted cryogel cartridges for the preconcentration of phosphoproteomic lysates. Cryogel cartridges were synthesized in semi‐frozen medium and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phosphate adsorption conditions were optimized for cryogel cartridges and optimum adsorption conditions were determined as pH of 9.80, concentration of 125 ppm and temperature of 25 °C. The selectivity of cryogel cartridges to phosphate ion was determined using chloride and carbonate ions. According to the results, cryogel cartridges are selectively recognizing both phosphate ion and phosphorylated amino acids and are suitable for cheap, efficient and fast pre‐initiation studies with reusability.
Identification of Imidazolylpyrazole Ligands as Potent Urease Inhibitors: Synthesis, Antiurease Activity and In Silico Docking Studies
Authors: Chaudhry Faryal , Naureen Sadia , Aslam Misbah , Al‐Rashida Mariya , Rahman Jameel , Huma Rahila , Fatima Javeria , Khan Mavra , Munawar Munawar Ali , Ain Khan Misbahul
Published: October 2020

Towards discovery of effective urease inhibitors; we disclose here a hybrid series of imidazole and pyrazole motifs as potent antiurease agents. A para‐toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) catalyzed, facile synthetic approach was employed for the preparation of targeted molecular designs in good yields upto 94 %. The novel scaffolds were characterized by different spectroscopic means (FTIR, NMR, and Mass spectrometry) and elemental analysis helped to identify the purity of these compounds. Afterwards, the derivatives was tested against Jack bean's urease enzyme to explore their inhibiting potencies. All analogues (4 a‐4 l) were found active against the studied enzyme in comparison with the standard drug thiourea (IC50=21.26±0.12 μM). However, following dibromo substituted derivatives: 4 f, 4 g, 4 h, 4 i, 4 j, 4 k, and 4 l were surfaced out as potent urease inhibitors among the series. The identified lead candidates were meta‐nitro substituted 4 k with IC50=0.7±0.002 μM and a para‐nitro containing compound 4 l with IC50=1.0±0.003 μM. As observed in docking calculations, ionic and hydrogen bonding, π‐stacking, interaction with nickel ions and other hydrophobic interactions probably stabilized the ligand bindings at the active site of urease.
In Situ Polymerized Methacrylate Based Electrolyte for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Giseung , Jung Kwangeun , Yim Taeeun
Published: October 2020

We propose a novel approach for incorporating a polymer electrolyte into lithium‐ion batteries by employing a pre‐polymer electrolyte (PPE). The PPE consists of a conventional carbonate‐based electrolyte that also contains 2‐(trimethylsilyloxy)ethyl methacrylate (TSEMA) as a monomer and 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) as an initiator; this combination can form a gel‐type polymer electrolyte after being subjected to an aging process. The results confirm that aging the PPE at 45 °C leads to the successful formation of a gel‐type polymer in the cell through an in‐situ polymerization reaction. The in‐situ‐formed gel‐type polymer electrolyte demonstrates relatively low ionic conductivity compared to conventional electrolytes, but it can still be used in lithium‐ion batteries, since an ionic network is well developed on the electrode. The combination of lithium titanium oxide anode materials and this in‐situ‐formed gel‐type polymer electrolyte is compatible with high temperatures, as the cell cycled with the methacrylate‐based in‐situ‐formed electrolyte exhibits stable cycling retention after 50 cycles.
Heterogeneous Cu(I)‐SBA‐15 Mediated Catalytic Reduction of Substituted Nitroarenes
Authors: Thennila Muthukumar , Muthumanickam Shenbagapushpam , Sivabharathy Madasamy , Yuvaraj Paneerselvam , Selvakumar Kodirajan
Published: October 2020

A strategy for heterogeneous copper(I) mesoporous silica [Cu(I)‐SBA‐15] mediated catalytic reduction has been developed for the reduction of various nitroarenes in excellent yields. In addition to alcothermal strategy, other strategies have been attempted for the preparation of Cu(I) substituted mesoporous silica, however, the desired oxidation state is obtained only through alcothermal strategy. The crystalline phases and oxidation state of synthesized materials were characterized by XRD and XPS measurements and tested for catalytic reduction of nitroarenes. Among the tested materials, the best catalytic reduction of nitroarenes with an excellent substrate scope and good catalytic reusability was established by Cu(I)‐SBA‐15 material. The reduction kinetics and the controlled experimental studies reveal that the reaction proceeds through pseudo‐first‐order kinetics and nitrosobenzene intermediate pathway.
Correlative Cathodoluminescence Electron Microscopy: Immunolabeling Using Rare‐Earth Element Doped Nanoparticles
Authors: Keevend Kerda , Krummenacher Roman , Kungas Egle , Gerken Lukas R. H. , Gogos Alexander , Stiefel Michael , Herrmann Inge K.
Published: October 2020

The understanding of living systems and their building blocks relies on the assessment of structure–function relationships at the nanoscale. Although electron microscopy (EM) gives access to ultrastructural imaging with nanometric resolution, the unambiguous localization of specific molecules is challenging. An EM approach capable of localizing biomolecules with respect to the cellular ultrastructure will offer a direct route to the molecular blueprints of biological systems. In an approach departing from conventional correlative imaging, an electron beam may be used as excitation source to generate optical emission with nanometric resolution, that is, cathodoluminescence (CL). Once suitable luminescent labels become available, CL may be harnessed to enable identification of biomolecule labels based on spectral signatures rather than electron density and size. This work presents CL‐enabled immunolabeling based on rare‐earth element doped nanoparticle‐labels allowing specific molecules to be visualized at nanoscale resolution in the context of the cellular ultrastructure. Folic acid decorated nanoparticles exhibiting single particle CL emission are employed to specifically label receptors and identify characteristic receptor clustering on the surface of cancer cells. This demonstration of CL immunotargeting gives access to protein localization in the context of the cellular ultrastructure and paves the way for immunolabeling of multiple proteins in EM.
Fundamentals and Recent Progress of Photocatalytic Nitrogen‐Fixation Reaction over Semiconductors
Authors: Chen Shengtao , Liu Dong , Peng Tianyou
Published: October 2020

As a green energy carrier, a potential fuel and an essential chemical for the manufacturing of fertilizers, plastics, and explosives, ammonia (NH3) is currently produced by Haber−Bosch process. However, the process converting nitrogen (N2) into NH3 under strict conditions consumes substantial energy and releases enormous greenhouse gases. In the context of the global energy crisis and increasing greenhouse effect, it is urgent to explore mild, green, sustainable, and economic nitrogen‐fixation strategies. Very recently, photocatalytic nitrogen‐fixation reactions, including nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) and nitrogen oxidation reaction (NOR), have aroused widespread attention due to its environmental friendliness and cost‐effectiveness. To achieve high photocatalytic performance and selectivity, it is necessary to design photocatalyst and its photoreaction system reasonably to optimize the light absorption, charge separation, mass transport, adsorption, and activation of N2 as well as proton/electron transfer. This review gives an overview of fundamentals, performance evaluation, and recent progress of the photocatalytic nitrogen‐fixation reactions. The photocatalysts and their design strategies are classified, and several suggestions are given for the analysis of the existing photocatalytic nitrogen‐fixation systems. Finally, a short perspective on the existing challenges and future opportunities are outlined for providing insights into the development of high‐efficiency photocatalytic systems for artificial N2 fixation.
A Green Solvent Processable Wide‐Bandgap Conjugated Polymer for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Lu Hao , Jiang Pengcheng , Wei Yaoyao , Yuan Shiling , Liu Yahui , Li Wenhua , Xu Xinjun , Bo Zhishan
Published: October 2020

Herein, a novel wide‐band‐gap donor polymer, PBTVT, which comprises a bis(carboxylic ester)‐substituted thiophene–vinylene–thiophene (TVT) acceptor unit and benzodithiophene donor unit, is designed and synthesized. PBTVT displays good solubility in halogen‐free green solvents such as o‐xylene at elevated temperature. Grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurement revealed that PBTVT can form the desired face‐on orientation in the blend films. Organic solar cells are fabricated with PBTVT as the donor and ITOIC‐2F as the acceptor. Although the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level offset between PBTVT and 2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐(((4,4,9,9‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐4,9‐dihydro‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene‐2,7‐diyl)bis(3,4‐bis(hexyloxy)thiophene‐5,2‐diyl))bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile (ITOIC‐2F) is only 0.08 eV, devices still exhibit an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.04%. Especially, devices fabricated with the green solvent o‐xylene outperform those fabricated with halogenated solvents such as 1,2‐dichlorobenzene (o‐DCB).
A Coumarin‐boronic Based Fluorescent “ON‐OFF” Probe for Hg2+ in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Lin Caixia , Zhang Min , Yan Xiquan , Zhang Ruiqi , He Xiaojie , Yuan Yaofeng
Published: October 2020

In this work, we reported a simple coumarin‐boronic acid ester fluorescent probe 1, which displayed very high “ON‐OFF” fluorescence response for Hg2+ in an aqueous environment (H2O/CH3CN = 1:1, v/v) or in a PBS solution (pH = 7.4). With the addition of Hg2+ to the solution of probe, a color change from light yellow to orange could be observed by naked eye. The detection limits were lower than the permitted level of Hg2+ in drinking water defined by WHO. Infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and 1H NMR titration studies showed that probe 1 formed a 1:1 complex with Hg2+. In addition, the probe was non‐toxic to cells and could stain specifically the membrane region surrounding the HeLa cell.
Split SIMPs with decays
Authors: Katz Andrey , Salvioni Ennio , Shakya Bibhushan
Published: October 2020

Abstract

We discuss a minimal realization of the strongly interacting massive particle (SIMP) framework. The model includes a dark copy of QCD with three colors and three light flavors. A massive dark photon, kinetically mixed with the Standard Model hypercharge, maintains kinetic equilibrium between the dark and visible sectors. One of the dark mesons is necessarily unstable but long-lived, with potential impact on CMB observables. We show that an approximate “isospin” symmetry acting on the down-type quarks is an essential ingredient of the model. This symmetry stabilizes the dark matter and allows to split sufficiently the masses of the other states to suppress strongly their relic abundances. We discuss for the first time the SIMP cosmology with sizable mass splittings between all meson multiplets. We demonstrate that the SIMP mechanism remains efficient in setting the dark matter relic density, while CMB constraints on unstable relics can be robustly avoided. We also consider the phenomenological consequences of isospin breaking, including dark matter decay. Cosmological, astrophysical, and terrestrial probes are combined into a global picture of the parameter space. In addition, we outline an ultraviolet completion in the context of neutral naturalness, where confinement at the GeV scale is generic. We emphasize the general applicability of several novel features of the SIMP mechanism that we discuss here.
Nontraditional systems in aging research: an update
Authors: Mikuła-Pietrasik Justyna , Pakuła Martyna , Markowska Małgorzata , Uruski Paweł , Szczepaniak-Chicheł Ludwina , Tykarski Andrzej , Książek Krzysztof
Published: October 2020

Research on the evolutionary and mechanistic aspects of aging and longevity has a reductionist nature, as the majority of knowledge originates from experiments on a relatively small number of systems and species. Good examples are the studies on the cellular, molecular, and genetic attributes of aging (senescence) that are primarily based on a narrow group of somatic cells, especially fibroblasts. Research on aging and/or longevity at the organismal level is dominated, in turn, by experiments onDrosophila melanogaster, worms (Caenorhabditis elegans), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and higher organisms such as mice and humans. Other systems of aging, though numerous, constitute the minority. In this review, we collected and discussed a plethora of up-to-date findings about studies of aging, longevity, and sometimes even immortality in several valuable but less frequently used systems, including bacteria (Caulobacter crescentus,Escherichia coli), invertebrates (Turritopsis dohrnii, Hydra sp., Arctica islandica), fishes (Nothobranchius sp.,Greenland shark), reptiles (giant tortoise), mammals (blind mole rats, naked mole rats, bats, elephants, killer whale), and even 3D organoids, to prove that they offer biogerontologists as much as the more conventional tools. At the same time, the diversified knowledge gained owing to research on those species may help to reconsider aging from a broader perspective, which should translate into a better understanding of this tremendously complex and clearly system-specific phenomenon.
Quality of cochlear implant rehabilitation under COVID-19 conditions
Authors: Aschendorff A. , Arndt S. , Kröger S. , Wesarg T. , Ketterer M. C. , Kirchem P. , Pixner S. , Hassepaß F. , Beck R.
Published: October 2020

Background

The rehabilitation process following cochlear implant (CI) surgery is carried out in a multimodal therapy according to German national guidelines and includes technical and medical aftercare. In times of the corona pandemic surgery and rehabilitation appointments were cancelled or delayed leading to a more difficult access to auditory rehabilitation. Newly implemented hygiene modalities due to the SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic have changed medical aftercare and the rehabilitation process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of rehabilitation under corona conditions.

Material and methods

An anonymous survey of adult cochlear implant patients was carried out by a non-standardized questionnaire. Demographics were analyzed and the quality of medical aftercare, speech therapy, technical aftercare, psychological support and the hygiene modalities were compared to previous rehabilitation stays.

Results

In total 109 patients completed the questionnaire. The quality of rehabilitation and individual therapy were rated as qualitatively similar or improved. The threat of the pandemic and fear of corona were rated unexpectedly high with 68% and 50%, respectively. The hygiene measures during the rehabilitation stay eased subjective fears at the same time. The majority of patients were annoyed by wearing face masks but visors, protection shields and social distancing were more tolerated.

Conclusion

The implementation of the new hygiene modalities within the therapeutic rehabilitation setting was well-accepted by patients allowing access to auditory rehabilitation. A successful rehabilitation should ensure a fear-free environment by adhering to the necessary hygiene modalities.
Komplementärmedizin in der gynäkologisch-onkologischen Sprechstunde: Wie mache ich mich fit dafür?
Authors: Witt Claudia M. , Müller Twyla
Published: October 2020

Das Thema Komplementärmedizin ist im gynäkologisch-onkologischen Praxisalltag relevant. Patientinnen mit Brustkrebs und gynäkologischen Tumoren haben ein hohes Interesse an komplementären Therapien und wenden sich damit an ihr Behandlungsteam. Dem Wunsch kann man mit unterschiedlichen Angeboten nachkommen. Man kann Patientinnen Informationen zu dem Thema geben, mit Patientinnen komplementäre Therapien auswählen oder auch Patientinnen mit komplementären Therapien behandeln. Die internationale Society for Integrative Oncology (SIO) hat Kompetenzen für Fachpersonal im Bereich der Integrativen Onkologie definiert, dazu gehören spezifische Kompetenzen aus den Kategorien Wissen, Fertigkeiten und Fähigkeiten. Die Ergebnisse aus einer Studie im Rahmen des Kompetenznetzwerks Komplementärmedizin in der Onkologie (KOKON) zeigen, dass nach einem entsprechenden Training (KOKON-KTO) in einem systematisch geführten Gespräch Empfehlungen zum Thema Komplementärmedizin in nur 20 min erfolgen können. Im Beitrag werden Beispiele von seriösen Informationsquellen dargestellt, die Elemente eines KOKON-KTO Gesprächsablaufs dargelegt und Fortbildungsmöglichkeiten erläutert.
Efficacy of surgical revision of mesh complications in prolapse and urinary incontinence surgery
Authors: Kowalik Claudia R. , Lakeman Mariëlle M. E. , Zwolsman Sandra E. , Roovers Jan-Paul W. R.
Published: October 2020

Introduction and hypothesis

Women with mesh-related complications in prolapse (POP) and stress-urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery may benefit from operative mesh resection to alleviate symptoms. We hypothesized that mesh resection would alleviate symptoms and aimed to evaluate risks and benefits in these women.

Methods

We carried out a cross-sectional study. Primary outcome was improvement specified as better, unchanged or worsened symptoms after mesh revision surgery. Secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life (HrQol) scores of validated questionnaires, surgical characteristics and physical findings at follow-up visits. Descriptive data were reported with mean and medians. Associations were calculated with Spearman correlation coefficient and chi-square test to determine statistical differences between groups.

Results

Fifty-nine women who underwent mesh revision surgery between 2009 and 2016 were included. After a median follow-up of 1.7 (IQR: 1.1–2.4) years, 44 women (75%) reported improvement of symptoms. No significant surgical or patient characteristics were identified that could differentiate which patients did or did not experience cure or complications.A trend was observed to better HrQol scores in women who reported overall improvement after mesh revision surgery. Seventeen (29%) women needed a subsequent operation after mesh removal.

Conclusions

This cross-sectional study shows that mesh revision surgery alleviates symptoms in 75% of women with mesh-related complications. Type of revision surgery and individual characteristics did not seem to matter to the individual chance of cure or complications. These data can facilitate the counseling of women considering mesh revision surgery.
Positive Lymph Nodes in Adrenocortical Carcinoma: What Does It Mean?
Authors: Sada Alaa , Glasgow Amy E. , Lyden Melanie L. , Thompson Geoffrey B. , Dy Benzon M. , McKenzie Travis J. , Habermann Elizabeth B.
Published: October 2020

Background

The role of lymphadenectomy in adrenocortical carcinoma resection is controversial. Therefore, we conducted a population‐based study to assess the association between positive lymph nodes (LN) and survival.

Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results set of cancer registries were utilized. The associations between positive lymph nodes and tumor size, grade and laterality were assessed. Cancer specific survival (CSS) trends and factors affecting survival were analyzed.

Results

A total of 2170 adult patients were identified; 60% underwent resection. Among those resected, LN were examined in 23% and were positive in 25% of patients with LN examined. Patients with positive LN tended to have smaller tumors compared to those with negative LN (12 ± 5 vs 15 ± 11 cm, p = 0.02). The rate of positive LN was higher in right ACC, p = 0.03. Median overall CSS was 21 months, with significant differences between resection (42 months) and no resection (4 months), p < 0.01. Median CSS did not change over time when comparing ACC patients who underwent surgery before 2000, 2000–2009, and 2010–2016. On multivariable analysis including resection group, advanced age, grades III and IV, regional and distant stage, in addition to positive LN were associated with worse survival, p < 0.05.

Conclusion

Lymphadenectomy is infrequently performed during ACC resection, and when performed, regional LN involvement tends to be associated with worse survival. Neoplasm size and grade were not associated with LN involvement and therefore, do not inform lymphadenectomy need. Further studies are needed to assess the indications for, and value of lymphadenectomy in ACC.
The effect of olive leaf extract on cardiovascular health markers: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Stevens Yala , Winkens Bjorn , Jonkers Daisy , Masclee Adrian
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Overweight and obesity are associated with many health problems, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Evidence from previous studies has shown that extracts from olive leaves rich in olive phenolics are able to positively affect CVD risk factors, such as high blood pressure and dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-week olive leaf extract (OLE) administration on blood lipid profiles in overweight/obese subjects with mildly elevated cholesterol levels.

Methods

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 77 healthy adult overweight/obese subjects (aged 56 ± 10 years and BMI 29.0 ± 2.7 kg/m2) with total cholesterol levels of 5.0–8.0 mmol/L (5.9 ± 0.7 mmol/L) were randomly assigned to receive 500 mg of OLE (n = 39) or placebo (n = 38) for 8 weeks. In total, 74 subjects completed the entire study protocol. At baseline, after 4 weeks, and after 8 weeks of supplementation, blood lipid profiles, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), blood pressure, glucose, and insulin levels were assessed. In addition, liver function parameters were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.

Results

OLE supplementation did not significantly affect blood lipid levels after 4 weeks or after 8 weeks compared to placebo (all p > 0.05). For oxLDL, blood pressure, glucose, and insulin levels and liver function parameters, also no statistically significant differences were found between the two intervention groups (all p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Blood lipid profiles were not significantly affected by 8 weeks OLE supplementation in overweight/obese subjects with mildly elevated cholesterol levels.

Trial registered

The trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02990637).
Can hearing amplification improve presbyvestibulopathy and/or the risk-to-fall ?
Authors: Ernst Arne , Basta Dietmar , Mittmann Philipp , Seidl Rainer O.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The decline of sensory systems during aging has been widely investigated and several papers have correlated the visual, hearing and vestibular systems and the consequences of their functional degeneration. Hearing loss and presbyvestibulopathy have been found to be positively correlated as is with the risk-to-fall.

Material and methods

The present study was therefore designed as systematic review (due to PRISMA criteria) which should correlate hearing amplification by hearing aids and/or cochlear implants with balance outcome. However, the literature review (Cochrane, PubMed) revealed ten paper (prospective, controlled trials and acute trials) with heterogenous patient popiulations and non-uniform outcome measures (i.e., gait analysis, questionnaires, postural stabilometry) so that no quantitative, statistical analysis could be performed.

Results

The qualitative analysis oft he identified studies showed that hearing amplification in the elderly improves spatio-temporal orientation (particularly with cochlear implants) and that the process of utilizing auditory information for balance control takes some time (i.e., the neuroplasticity-based, learning processes), usually some months in cochlear implantees.

Discussion

Hearing and balance function degenerate independently from each other and large interindividual differences require a separate neurotological examination of each patient. However, hearing amplification is most helpful to improve postural stability, particularly in the elderly. Future research should focus on controlled, prospective clinical trials where a standardized test battery covering the audiological and neurotological profile of each elderly patient pre/post prescription of hearing aids and/or cochlear implantation should be followed up (for at least 1 year) so that also the balance improvements and the risk-to-fall can be reliably assessed (e.g., by mobile posturography and standardized questionnaires, e.g., the DHI).
Slip and tilt: modeling falls over railings
Authors: Muggenthaler H. , Hubig M. , Meierhofer A. , Mall G.
Published: October 2020

Falls over railings are frequent case scenarios forensic experts are confronted with. An important issue is the differentiation of accidental and non-accidental falling scenarios. From a biomechanical point of view, this is a challenging task and should be addressed in a multifactorial approach. This work presents a simplified mechanical model in terms of a cranked rod that can be used in cases without relevant dynamic components in terms of pushing or jumping. If the anti-slip and the anti-tilt condition are violated, the possibility for a person to get over a railing should be assumed and investigated in more detail. Because our approach also involves uncertainties, the formulae should be understood to be part of a multifactorial approach. Numerical simulation, experimental reconstruction, injury pattern, and trace analysis can yield additional substantial connecting facts.
Predicting biodiversity richness in rapidly changing landscapes: climate, low human pressure or protection as salvation?
Authors: Macdonald David W. , Chiaverini Luca , Bothwell Helen M. , Kaszta Żaneta , Ash Eric , Bolongon Gilmoore , Can Özgün Emre , Campos-Arceiz Ahimsa , Channa Phan , Clements Gopalasamy Reuben , Hearn Andrew J. , Hedges Laurie , Htun Saw , Kamler Jan F. , Macdonald Ewan A. , Moore Jonathan , Naing Hla , Onuma Manabu , Rasphone Akchousanh , Rayan D. Mark , Ross Joanna , Singh Priya , Tan Cedric Kai Wei , Wadey Jamie , Yadav Bhupendra P. , Cushman Samuel A.
Published: October 2020

Rates of biodiversity loss in Southeast Asia are among the highest in the world, and the Indo-Burma and South-Central China Biodiversity Hotspots rank among the world’s most threatened. Developing robust multi-species conservation models is critical for stemming biodiversity loss both here and globally. We used a large and geographically extensive remote-camera survey and multi-scale, multivariate optimization species distribution modelling to investigate the factors driving biodiversity across these two adjoining biodiversity hotspots. Four major findings emerged from the work. (i) We identified clear spatial patterns of species richness, with two main biodiverse centres in the Thai-Malay Peninsula and in the mountainous region of Southwest China. (ii) Carnivores in particular, and large ungulates to a lesser degree, were the strongest indicators of species richness. (iii) Climate had the largest effect on biodiversity, followed by protected status and human footprint. (iv) Gap analysis between the biodiversity model and the current system of protected areas revealed that the majority of areas supporting the highest predicted biodiversity are not protected. Our results highlighted several key locations that should be prioritized for expanding the protected area network to maximize conservation effectiveness. We demonstrated the importance of switching from single-species to multi-species approaches to highlight areas of high priority for biodiversity conservation. In addition, since these areas mostly occur over multiple countries, we also advocate for a paradigmatic focus on transboundary conservation planning.
European fuel economy policy for new passenger cars: a historical comparative analysis of discourses and change factors
Authors: Oki Takahiro
Published: October 2020

In April 2019, the European Union (EU) revised its fuel economy policy for new passenger cars (PC). The new standard set an ambitious policy framework that featured high CO2 caps on these vehicles from 2025 and 2030 with limited flexibility for automobile industry to comply with the new standard, reflecting European decision-makers’ aspirations for zero-emission mobility. Most literature on EU policy-making and interest representation has pointed out the power of automobile industry and argued that these industry actors were able to influence the stringency of actual emission standards in the timeframe of 2012 and 2020. However, this conventional view of the dominance of automobile industry does not sufficiently explain why European policy-makers were able to change their fuel economy policy so significantly in 2019. To fill this research gap in the existing literature, this research focuses on discourses and coalitions of actors who deployed these discourses throughout three legislative processes that have shaped the EU’s fuel economy policy: Regulation 443/2009, Regulation 2014/333 and Regulation 2019/613. This research not only considers the interests and powers of relevant actors, which are the primary focus of much of the existing literature; but also a range of ideas and discourses that they have brought to policy discussions. Drawing on the theoretical literature of argumentative discourse analysis (ADA) and policy change, this article attempts to highlight discursive battles within key actors over the stringency of EU’s fuel economy policy on PCs.
Blockchain for Collaborative Businesses
Authors: Bedin Augusto R. C. , Capretz Miriam , Mir Syed
Published: October 2020

Blockchain applications have continuously improved ever since its first debut on cryptocurrency. From then on, its uses have branched out from the financial realm, finding their way into numerous industries such as health, environmental, and governmental. Businesses are starting to take advantage of the intrinsic traits that made blockchain so notorious into their operations, such as security, integrity, and transparency. Blockchain’s versatility allows companies to cooperate on a shielded environment with business partners safely. This paper details how permissioned blockchain networks can accommodate collaborative business models securely to provide thriving business alliances. Examples of cooperative business models and business relationship orientation are described here, as well as how they generate value when paired with permissioned blockchain networks - a more business-oriented variety of blockchain. To support this study’s endeavors, business use cases are presented to highlight how simple it is to put in place a permissioned blockchain to businesses to achieve tighter bonds with business partners. The use cases contain particular goals that enterprises seek to accomplish by partnering up with other companies, as well as how, with the employment of blockchain, they can attain them.
Party Elites’ Preferences in Candidates: Evidence from a Conjoint Experiment
Authors: Rehmert Jochen
Published: October 2020

Party elites selecting candidates are crucial for the composition of parliament. Yet, despite their pivotal position within the party, we know only little about their preferences for potential candidates and how their own backgrounds shape these preferences. This paper presents results from a conjoint experiment carried out with party delegates chosen to select the candidates for five German parties in the run-up to three state elections. Theoretical expectations derived from the principle-agent framework on delegates’ preferences in candidates are evaluated. Analyses show that delegates prefer attributes indicative of quality and socio-demographic similarity in candidates. Additionally, I show that these preferences for candidates differ between inexperienced and experienced delegates, the latter showing a stronger preference for valence attributes in candidates. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of personal attributes of selectors for candidate selection and hold crucial implications for the composition of legislatures and long-term effects on public policy.
Quality of life more than 10 years after radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer—impact of time after treatment and prescription dose
Authors: Pinkawa Michael , Gharib Amr , Schlenter Marsha , Timm Ludmila , Eble Michael J.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Analysis of quality of life changes after radiotherapy with focus on the impact of time after treatment and prescription dose.

Methods

Consecutive patients were treated with doses from 70.2/1.8 Gy (n = 206) to 72/1.8–2.0 Gy (n = 176) in a single centre and surveyed using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite questionnaire.

Results

Urinary and bowel bother scores decreased 1 / 3 / 6 points and 7 / 7 / 9 points on average 1 / 5 / 10 years after RT in comparison to baseline scores. The rate of urinary (need of pads in 8% vs. 15% before vs. 10 years after RT; p = 0.01) and bowel (uncontrolled leakage of stool in 5% vs. 12% before vs. 10 years after RT; p < 0.01) incontinence, as well as rectal bleeding (4% vs. 8% before vs. 10 years after RT; p = 0.05) increased. Sexual function scores decreased (erections sufficient for intercourse in 36% vs. 12% before vs. 10 years after RT; p < 0.01).

A higher dose had a statistically significant impact on urinary bother and stool incontinence, but also tended to decrease urinary continence. Age and comorbidities did not have an influence on score changes, but on baseline urinary function/bother and baseline sexual function.

Conclusion

Apart from an increasing rate of erectile dysfunction, urinary and bowel incontinence rates increased with increasing follow-up period. A higher dose was found to be associated with increased urinary problems and larger stool incontinence rates. Age and comorbidities were found to be relevant for baseline scores, but not for score changes.
Savage vs. Anscombe-Aumann: an experimental investigation of ambiguity frameworks
Authors: Oechssler Jörg , Roomets Alex
Published: October 2020

The Savage and the Anscombe–Aumann frameworks are the two most popular approaches used when modeling ambiguity. The former is more flexible, but the latter is often preferred for its simplicity. We conduct an experiment where subjects place bets on the joint outcome of an ambiguous urn and a fair coin. We document that more than a third of our subjects make choices that are incompatible with Anscombe–Aumann for any preferences, while the Savage framework is flexible enough to account for subjects’ behaviors.
‘Urban biocultural diversity’ as a framework for human–nature interactions: reflections from a Brazilian favela
Authors: Stålhammar Sanna , Brink Ebba
Published: October 2020

Biocultural diversity (BCD), denoting the ‘inextricable link’ between biological and cultural diversity, has traditionally highlighted the coevolution between highly biodiverse regions and the ethnic–linguistic diversity of indigenous communities. Recently, European researchers have relaunched BCD as a conceptual foundation for urban greenspace planning capable of overcoming challenges of the ecosystem services paradigm. However, the methodological foundation for this particular approach to ‘urban BCD’ is still in its infancy, obscuring preciselyhowthe framework is an advancement for studying different urban residents’ experience of and connectedness to nature and biodiversity. In this paper, we further develop the urban BCD concept by using the culturally and biologically diverse city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil as a ‘critical case’. First, we employ qualitative field methods to investigate manifestations of human–nature relationships in thefavela(informal settlement) of Rocinha and the neighbouring Tijuca Forest. Second, we reflect on how the urban BCD framework and methodology emphasise i) interrelationships, ii) varied group values and iii) participation, and iv) are sensitising and reflexive. Our findings challenge the ‘usual’ narrative aboutfavelasas places of environmental degradation and disaster risk, revealing BCD and nature connectedness that are as related to popular culture, fitness ideals and citizen-building, as to traditional livelihoods and spiritual beliefs. Departing from interrelationships, BCD can portray aspects that a narrow focus on ‘services’ and ‘disservices’ cannot, but attention should be paid to how operationalisation risks perpetuating ecosystem services thinking. Nevertheless, we identify promising avenues for its use in highly diverse cities with unequal access to natural areas.
Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic classification of Tunisian SARS-CoV-2 strains from patients of the Military Hospital in Tunis
Authors: Handrick Susann , Bestehorn-Willmann Malena , Eckstein Simone , Walter Mathias C. , Antwerpen Markus H. , Naija Habiba , Stoecker Kilian , Wölfel Roman , Ben Moussa Mohamed
Published: October 2020

In the present work, two complete genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were obtained from nasal swab samples of Tunisian SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients using nanopore sequencing. The virus genomes of two of the patients examined, a Tunisian soldier returning from a mission in Morocco and a member of another Tunisian family, showed significant differences in analyses of the total genome and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Phylogenetic relationships with known SARS-CoV-2 genomes in the African region, some European and Middle Eastern countries and initial epidemiological conclusions indicate that the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 into Tunisia from two independent sources was travel-related.
The Global Study of Philanthropic Behavior
Authors: Wiepking Pamala
Published: October 2020

While there is apparent evidence that individual philanthropic behavior and the motivations for this behavior are at least to some extent universal, there is also evidence that people across the world do not equally display this behavior. In this conceptual article, I explore how we can study philanthropic behaviors from a global perspective. I contend that the macro-level study of philanthropy is underdeveloped, because of three problems intrinsic to the study of global philanthropy: problems with geographical orientation, connotations and definitions. As a first step to overcome these problems, I suggest the use of the term generosity behavior over philanthropic behavior, as this term appears more inclusive of the multitude of definitions and connotations across cultures. I conclude by formulating a collaborative research agenda for a more inclusive study and understanding of global generosity behavior, focused on generating publicly accessible knowledge and informing policy.
Comparing Extraction Methods for Biomarker Steroid Characterisation from Soil and Slurry
Authors: Manley Amber , Collins Adrian L. , Joynes Adrian , Mellander Per-Erik , Jordan Phil
Published: October 2020

Clean water is a precious resource, and policies/programmes are implemented worldwide to protect and/or improve water quality. Faecal pollution can be a key contributor to water quality decline causing eutrophication through nutrient enrichment and pathogenic contamination. The robust sourcing of faecal pollutants is important to be able to target the appropriate sector and to engage managers. Biomarker technology has the potential for source confirmation, by using, for example the biomarker suite of steroids. Steroids have been used in the differentiation of human and animal faeces; however, there is no unequivocal extraction technique. Some of the methods used include (i) Soxhlet extraction, (ii) Bligh and Dyer (BD) extraction, and (iii) accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). The less costly and time intensive technique of ASE is particularly attractive, but a current research gap concerns further comparisons regarding ASE lipid extraction from soils/slurries compared with the more traditional Soxhlet and BD extractions. Accordingly, a randomised complete block experiment was implemented to assess differences between the three extraction methods, differences between the different sample types, and the interactions between these two factors. Following GC-MS, it was found that there was no significant difference between the results of the steroid extraction methods, regardless of the type of sample used, for the quantity of each steroid extracted. It was concluded that ASE could be used confidently instead of the more established steroid extraction methods, thereby delivering time and cost savings.
Residency training in the time of COVID-19: A framework for academic medical centers dealing with the pandemic
Authors: Abdel-Razig Sawsan , Ahmad Waqaas , Shkoukani Mahdi A. , Nusair Ahmad , Ramirez Antonio , Siddiqi Kashif , Akmal Yasir , Khusaibi Ziyana Al , Tuzcu E. Murat
Published: October 2020

Background As cases of COVID-19 climb worldwide, academic medical centers (AMCs) are scrambling to balance the increasing demand for medical services while maintaining safe learning environments. The scale and nature of the current pandemic, limitations on key resources, risks of transmission, and the impact on trainee wellbeing pose additional challenges to AMCs. We propose a framework for AMCs to utilize in facilitating health system, organization and program-level adjustments to meet the needs of medical trainees during the pandemic.

Approach In February 2020, we developed a three-level approach to the pandemic response of training programs at our AMC. The first level involved AMC alignment and engagement with regulatory stakeholders. The second level utilized the graduate medical education committee and leveraged organizational functions such as human resources, finance, and clinical departments. The third level of intervention focused on common approaches used by programs to ensure continuity of learning in the context of dynamic changes in workflows and service operations.

Evaluation Outcomes at each level are reported. These include the co-development of a national framework on medical trainee responses to COVID-19, the composition of an operational guidance document, organizational protocols to accommodate novel challenges posed by the pandemic, and multiple program-level interventions.

Reflection This methodical approach, employed during a global crisis, was critical in facilitating interventions required to fulfill the mission of AMCs. Future steps include assessing the impact of these changes on trainee performance and the applicability of the approach in diverse settings.