bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric Ozone Prediction by Linear dendritic neuron model combining Seasonal-trend decomposition based on LOESS
Authors: Jia Dongbao , Xu Wei , Zhang Haochen , Kuang Zhenkun , Wang Yichen , Zhao Shiwei , Zhou Weijie
Published: August 2024

Ozone in the atmosphere is not only closely related to people's lives and production, but can also endanger health at high concentrations. However, existing methods for predicting ozone levels are not accurate enough. Therefore, a prediction model composed of Seasonal-trend decomposition based on LOESS(STL) and improved dendritic neuron model(L-DNM) is proposed to predict atmospheric ozone content by dividing the time series into three parts: seasonal, trend and residual. Then, the trend part of the sequence is smoothed using the least squares method, and the most irregular residual is used as the input of the L-DNM. During the training process, the Back-propagation (BP) algorithm is used as the training algorithm to output the predicted part of the residual. The seasonal part with regularity and the other two processed parts are added together to obtain the prediction result. Through comparison, the STL-L-DNM is the state-of-the-art method in predicting ozone levels on five datasets considering four indicators including Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE). This includes the most popular Transformer model and its variants in recent years. At the same time, The Taylor diagrams and regression diagrams show that the predicted value of STL-L-DNM is the most stable and the fluctuation is the least. The experimental results demonstrate the accuracy and stability of the proposed algorithm, which can play an important role in the prediction of ozone level.
Predicting ligand-receptor interactions based on LSTM network with the attention mechanism and its application on cell-cell communication inference
Authors: Luo Ruogu , Gao Pengfei , Chen Min , Wang Peng , Li Zejun , Deng Yingwei
Published: August 2024

Cell-cell communication (CCC) inference provides many important information for deciphering the mechanisms of various life processes. With the development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), multiple computational tools have been developed to predict CCC based on scRNA-seq data. These tools significantly improved the prediction of CCC which is mediated by ligand-receptor interactions (LRIs). In this study, we propose an LRI-mediated CCC inference method called CellAL. CellAL mainly consists of two procedures: LRI prediction by feature extraction via BioTriangle, feature selection through XGBoost, and classification using LSTM network with the attention mechanism, along with CCC inference based on LRI filtering, CCC inference and CCC network visualization. The LRI prediction performance of CellAL significantly surpassed four classical methods (i.e., ACT-SVM, decision tree, PPISP-XGBoost, and PIPR) on four LRI datasets. The identified LRIs by CellAL were validated by counting the overlapping LRIs between CellAL and four other CCC tools (i.e., CellChat, Connectome, CytoTalk, and NATMI). After that, CellAL was applied to infer CCC within melanoma and the predictions were further validated by comparing with three other representative CCC tools (i.e., CellPhoneDB, iTALK, and CellChat). The results demonstrated that caner-associated fibroblasts could have signaling with melanoma cells, which was the same as those predicted by iTALK and CellChat. Finally, the CCC network was visualized using network view and heatmap view. CellAL provides a reference for CCC prediction from single-cell resolution.
An Intelligent Framework to Generate Use Case Diagrams and Class Diagrams from Requirements Documents
Authors: ALRAWASHDEH Thamer A. , HNAIF Adnan A. , ALRIFAEE Mustafa , KAMEL Mohammed S.
Published: August 2024

Use case diagramming and class diagramming are important requirements engineering techniques that play an essential role in modeling software specifications and facilitating the software development process. Software requirements are often expressed in natural language, which can be ambiguous, noisy, unmeasurable, and open to interpretation. This research overcomes this problem by extracting the required elements to generate use cases and class diagrams automatically from software requirements documents written in a common natural language. Therefore, an automated framework is proposed based on natural language processing techniques, such as tokenization and part-of-speed tagging, to parse the software requirements syntactically using a set of heuristic rules to facilitate the extracting actors, use cases, entities, relationships, and attributes used in the background to generate the use cases and class diagrams. Furthermore, to improve the performance of the proposed framework, the k-nearest neighbor algorithm is employed by predicting the pre-processed requirements. The proposed framework is evaluated using two performance measurements: recall and precision. The experiment results show that the proposed framework can achieve an average recall of 96% and an average precision of 92%.
An Efficient Technique for Detecting SQL Injection Attack in Software Defined Networks using Machine Learning Models
Authors: Alazeb Abdulwahab , Amin Rashid , Alshehri Mohammed S. , Aqdas Aqsa , Alasbali Nada , Almujally Nouf Abdullah
Published: August 2024

Due to the large number of connected devices, expanding number of online apps, and growing number of online transactions, data traffic on the Internet is always increasing. Because attackers often target online applications first, web assaults represent a serious danger to organizations. Many solutions, including web application firewalls (WAFs), have been put forward to lessen the impact and severity of these attacks. However, by giving network managers centralized control, software-defined networking (SDN) expertise has greatly enhanced network administration and operation. In this study, we looked at the feasibility of implementing a firewall that can recognize and prevent online assaults using SDN. This research presents a system idea that may concurrently identify SQL injection threats. There isn't a mechanism in place at the moment that can simultaneously identify both threats. This technology guarantees a safe manner to share information and browse the internet. The security of web servers will improve. To anticipate the host that would be struck built on the previous information, we employ well-known machine learning algorithm K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN). Experimental findings demonstrate that Bayesian networks may achieve an average prediction accuracy of 94.56%.
Transgenic production of the mouse in vitro- and in vivo-derived embryos: Effect on the methylation pattern of OCT4 promoter, expression levels of Dnmts, and Oct4
Authors: Pashaie Nahid , Rezaee Delsuz , hosseini sara , Salehi Mohammad
Published: August 2024

We examined the methylation pattern of OCT4 promotor and expression levels of Dnmts and Oct4 genes in the transgenic mouse embryos obtained by in vivo and in vitro experiments. A gene construct consisting of selected parts of the region upstream from the human OCT4 promoter and enhanced green fluorescent protein as a reporter (OCT4-EGFP) was used for pronuclear microinjection into in vitro and in vivo-derived embryos. The rate of fertilization, cleavage and developmental competence of embryos was evaluated. Expression levels of targeted genes were investigated. DNA was extracted from embryos and treated using a bisulfite kit, and OCT4 methylation detection was done by PCR in both groups. After microinjection, GFP fluorescence was visualized in developing embryos. We observed a significant decrease in cleavage and blastulation rate in the IVM group compared with the in vivo group. Results showed higher gene expression for the selected genes in the in vivo embryos compare to the IVM. The band intensity of the PCR product loaded was different in both groups, which shows that the level of methylation is unlike in IVM and in vivo groups. DNA methylation during development plays an important role in embryonic development for the production of high-quality transgenic embryos.
Shining a light on male infertility: the power of near-infrared photobiomodulation therapy for human asthenozoospermia
Authors: Stigliani Sara , ravera silvia , Maccarini Elena , Rizzo Camilla , Massarotti Claudia , Anserini Paola , Bozzo Matteo , AMAROLI ANDREA , Scaruffi Paola
Published: August 2024

Sperm motility is a crucial factor in male fertility. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been reported to increase sperm motility but lacks a standardized protocol. We collected asthenozoospermic (n=70) and normozoospermic (n=20) semen. The asthenozoospermic samples were irradiated with an 810 nm diode laser at 0.25W, 0.5W, 1W, and 2W. Sperm motility was assessed immediately, after 30 and 60 minutes. A sample size calculator, unpaired t-test and one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD tests were used for statistics. One and 2 W were the most effective outputs in increasing progressive motility compared to control (p<0.001). The maximum effect was immediately after 1 W-PBM (p<0.001), and decreased after 60 minutes (p<0.001). Time physiologically decreased vitality (p<0.001), but less in the 1W-PBM samples (p<0.05). 1W-PBM did not affect chromatin condensation. Asthenozoospermic samples displayed an impairment of 80% in oxygen consumption and ATP production and a slight inefficiency of oxidative phosphorylation compared to normozoospermic samples (p<0.001). 1W-PBM partially restored the functionality of aerobic metabolism (p<0.001) by recovery of oxidative phosphorylation efficiency. PBM did not affect lactate dehydrogenase (glycolysis pathway). No irradiated samples increased accumulated malondialdehyde, a marker of lipidic peroxidation. In conclusion, PBM improves progressive motility in asthenozoospermia through increased mitochondrial energetic metabolism without harmful oxidative stress.
On the Stability of Blood Vessels Based on Modified Couple Stress Theory
Authors: Saadat-Davani Ali , Paparisabet Mohammad Ali , Rouholamini Reza , Bahaadini Reza
Published: August 2024

The effect of blood flow on the dynamic instability of a viscoelastic micro blood vessels (MBVs) is investigated in this study. The blood flow includes red blood cells (RBCs), blood flow profile, related modification factors and hematocrit are considered. The supporting tissues around the blood vessel are assumed as the viscous fluid. The governing equation of MBVs are obtained by the extended Hamilton’s principle based on the modified couple stress theory (MCST). The extended Galerkin approach is used in order to transform the resulting equations into general eigenvalue equations. The validity and accuracy of the present numerical scheme is confirmed by comparing the results with those obtained in literature and excellent agreement is achieved. The results show that the critical dynamic blood flow velocity, which leads to instability, is dependent on the constitutional material gradient scale, structural damping of blood vessel, viscous fluid and blood flow characteristics. Moreover, it is revealed that the MCST has a significant influence on the critical dynamic blood flow velocity of vessels. Also, it is demonstrated that by increasing the hematocrit and the mass ratio of blood flow, the critical dynamic blood flow velocity increases, while it decreases as the RBCs diameter, vessel’s diameter and internal pressure increase.
Enhancing Water Absorption in Cellulosic Composites through Hydrophilization
Authors: Лаврентьев И. В. , Дубовый В. К. , Симонова Е. И.
Published: August 2024

Рост потребления одноразовых санитарно-гигиенических изделий (памперсы, пеленки, простыни, прокладки) требует развития науки и производства целлюлозных материалов для их изготовления. Водопоглощение - это один из важнейших показателей для санитарно-гигиенической продукции. Рассмотрены теоретические представления о возникновении, развитии и управлении гидрофильностью целлюлозы. Кратко рассмотрены механизмы водопоглощения, выделены основные из них - смачивание и капиллярность. Сделан расчет удельного водопоглощения целлюлозного композита из целлюлозы сульфатной беленой из хвойной древесины по ГОСТ 9571-89 АО «Архангельский ЦБК». Показано, что у исследуемой целлюлозы водопоглощение много ниже чем у импортных образцов, поэтому исследования в области повышения гидрофильности целлюлозы, обладают высоким потенциалом и практической значимостью. Рассмотрены главные факторы повышения водопоглощения - это повышение гидрофильности целлюлозы за счет размола и использование разного волокна для формирования целлюлозного композита. Показано, что довести показатель водопоглощения до требуемого уровня импортных производителей 4-5 г/г возможно регулированием технологических факторов.

The growing consumption of disposable sanitary products (diapers, diapers, sheets, pads) requires the development of science and the production of cellulose materials for their manufacture. Water absorption is one of the most important indicators for sanitary products. The theoretical concepts of the origin, development and management of cellulose hydrophilicity are considered. The mechanisms of water absorption are briefly considered, the main ones are identified - wetting and capillarity. The calculation of the specific water absorption of a cellulose composite made of bleached sulfate cellulose from coniferous wood according to GOST 9571-89 of Arkhangelsk Pulp and Paper Mill JSC was made. It is shown that the water absorption of the cellulose under study is relatively much lower than imported samples, therefore, research in the field of increasing the hydrophilicity of cellulose has high potential and practical significance. The main factors of increasing water absorption are considered - an increase in the hydrophilicity of cellulose due to grinding and the use of different fibers for formation of a cellulose composite. It is shown that the water absorption index to the required level of imported manufacturers 4-5 g/g can be achieved by regulating technological factors.
Mecanismos de adaptación en Argentina: el caso del Municipio de Luján
Authors: Levintan Ana Lucia , Cicogna María Paula
Published: August 2024

El avance del cambio climático ha comenzado a representar un creciente desafío para los distintos gobiernos, que los interpela a planificar y diseñar nuevas políticas públicas para frenar sus efectos. En el caso de países como los que conforman a América Latina, muchas veces implica un desafío doble, ya que tomar estas decisiones requiere a su vez de la capacidad de financiamiento que posean para concretarlas. En el presente estudio, se tomará como caso a la Cuenca del Río Luján, en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, República Argentina, que ya tiene antecedentes históricos de ser un área vulnerable a la sucesión de inundaciones, en una zona en que abundantes precipitaciones se han reiterado con mayor frecuencia en los últimos años. Estetrabajo tiene como objetivos: a) analizar cómo el concepto de cambio climático se ha insertado a nivel local en la gestión pública y a la normativa, y como se plasmó en los mecanismos de adaptación en la Cuenca del Río Luján; b) examinar el papel que han tomado los organismos internacionales de financiamiento en las medidas de adaptación implementadas en la Cuenca del Río Luján; c) describir cómo se ha posicionado la ciudadanía ante la gestión pública sobre la Cuenca del Río Luján y cuál fue su participación en el proceso de diseño de mecanismos de adaptación; y d) identificar cuáles han sido las instancias de encuentro e interacción entre el Estado y la sociedad, a partir de las audiencias públicas realizadas en los últimos años sobre laCuenca del Río Luján. Para los propósitos de este estudio, resultó conveniente utilizar una metodología de tipo cualitativa, con el empleo de revisión bibliográfica de distintos trabajos realizados en la academia sobre gestión pública, cambio climático y mecanismos de adaptación, normativa nacional y provincial e informes de instituciones gubernamentales y organismosinternacionales durante los últimos 20 años. A pesar de las limitaciones con el trabajo de campo presencial a partir del COVID-19, se pudo acudir a las herramientas tecnológicas que se potenciaron a raíz de este contexto, y acceder a distintos testimonios de actores involucrados. Se ha llegado a la conclusión de que el diseño e implementación de medidas de adaptación resultancada vez más cruciales, con la ejecución de obras que requieren grandes presupuestos, en los cuales los organismos internacionales intervienen con contraprestaciones. Frente a este panorama, la ciudadanía abre nuevos canales de participación que obliga a los gobiernos a tenerlos en consideración a la hora de la toma de decisiones, incluso con debates y discusiones en su interior.
Reseña el infinito en un junco
Authors: Pineda Ahumada Steffy
Published: August 2024

El infinito en junco, escrito por Irene Vallejo, es una obra narrada en forma de ensayo que sumerge al lector en el origen y la historia de los libros en el mundo antiguo, centrándose especialmente en el imperio Alejandrino, la antigua Grecia y en la Roma Antigua. A lo largo de sus páginas la autora transporta al lector al famoso mundo antiguo en donde reinaron las 7 maravillas así mismo relata las aventuras y hazañas de lideres políticos como Alejandro Magno, los inicios de la dinastía ptolemaica en Egipto y el imperio Romano y la forma como el libro siempre estuvo presente, hizo parte y guarda las memorias de hechos que han marcado la historia mundial.
La reflexión y el diálogo como instrumentos para fomentar una sana convivencia
Authors: Pardo Maria-Victoria , Navarro Guzmán Fredy
Published: August 2024

En el presente artículo, se presenta la metodología y el análisis de datos para desarrollar un modelo pedagógico por medio de La Pastoral Educativa (PE) la cual concibe que la educación no solo debe centrarse en la adquisición de conocimientos académicos, sino también en la formación de valores y en el desarrollo de una conciencia ética y social. El proyecto: “Guía Práctica de Pastoral Educativa para la promoción del crecimiento personal y la Convivencia Saludable de Estudiantes de la Institución Educativa 14 de Febrero de Cartagena de Indias.” tuvo como meta, como lo menciona el título, el diseño de una guía pastoral educativa que se inició con un diagnóstico del entorno socioeconómico, familiar, académico y pastoral de los estudiantes con el fin de establecer las características de la población y los aspectos de mayor vulnerabilidad. De acuerdo con los resultados del diagnóstico, se desarrollaron talleres para fomentar las habilidades socioemocionales, como la empatía, la solidaridad y el respeto hacia los demás. La meta de estos talleres es fomentar, entre otros, el diálogo intercultural e interreligioso, promoviendo el respeto por la diversidad y la convivencia pacífica.
La lingüística computacional y de corpus al servicio de la investigación en Lingüística y Educación: un esbozo en Colombia
Authors: Pérez Pérez Carlos Mario , Quiroz Herrera Gabriel
Published: August 2024

N.A.
Evaluation of the Screening Performance of Ultrasonographic Abdominal Circumference and Estimated Fetal Weight in Predicting Small for Gestational age Newborns
Authors: Dal Yusuf , Akkus Fatih , Karagun Sebnem , Nessar Ahmet Zeki , Karaca Sefanur Gamze , Aytan Hakan , Coskun Ayhan
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the screening performance of estimated fetal weight (EFW) and abdominal circumference (AC) measurements in predicting newborns with birth weight (BW) less than the 10th percentile for birth age (BW <10p).
STUDY DESIGN: Three hundred thirty-one pregnant women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. The groups were divided into two groups: those diagnosed with FGR (FGR group) and those not diagnosed (non-FGR)after the 32nd week of gestation. Demographic and obstetric histories, ultrasonographic and clinical features, and neonatal outcomes of the groups were recorded, and comparisons between the groups were conducted. The screening performances of AC and EFW were compared for predicting newborns with BW<10p and assessing neonatal outcomes.
RESULTS: AC or EFW measures below 10% (AC<10p or EFW<10p) demonstrated the highest screening performance for BW<10p, with 91.7% sensitivity and 91% specificity. AC<10p demonstrated the highest performance in predicting neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, with 75.9% sensitivity and 89.1% specificity. For neonates with a 5-minute APGAR score of less than 7, AC<10p or EFW<10p had 88.2% sensitivity and 69.7% specificity.
CONCLUSION: This study shows that AC and EFW measurements can be used together or separately to predict newborns who are small for their gestational age (SGA). Using values below 10% of either AC or EFW together gives the best results in terms of sensitivity and specificity.
Determination of breakpoints and the magnitude of the jump of the original according to its Laplace image
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Lebedeva Anastasia V. , Ryabov Victor M. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2024

The application of the integral Laplace transform for a wide class of problems leads to a simpler equation for the image of the desired original. At the next step, the inversion problem arises, i. e., finding the original by its image. As a rule, it is not possible to carry out this step analytically. The problem arises of using approximate inversion methods. In this case, the approximate solution is represented as a linear combination of the image and its derivatives at a number of points of the complex half-plane in which the image is regular. However, the original, unlike the image, may even have break points. Of undoubted interest is the task of developing methods for determining the possible break points of the original and the magnitude of the original jump at these points. The proposed methods use the values of high-order image derivatives in order to obtain a satisfactory accuracy of approximate solutions. Methods for accelerating the convergence of the obtained approximations are indicated. The results of numerical experiments illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed methods are presented.
Regression models for calculating state-to-state coefficients of the rate of vibrational energy exchanges
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Isakov Andrey A. , Gorikhovskii Viacheslav I. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Melnik Maksim Yu. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2024

The paper proposes an effective algorithm for solving problems of nonequilibrium gas dynamics taking into account detailed state-to-state vibrational kinetics. One of the problems of traditional methods is their high computational complexity, which requires a lot of time and memory. The work explored the possibilities of using relaxation rate prediction to improve the performance of numerical simulations of nonequilibrium oxygen flows instead of direct calculations. For this purpose, an approach based on nonlinear regression analysis was used, which made it possible to obtain computationally efficient approximation formulas for the energy exchange rate coefficients in the model of a forced harmonic oscillator, taking into account free rotations (FHO-FR), to significantly increase the calculation speed while maintaining accuracy, and to construct an optimized model FHO-FR-reg. Using the obtained regression formulas, numerical modeling was carried out, which made it possible to validate the model for the problem of oxygen flow behind an incident and reflected shock wave. A comparison between the forced harmonic oscillator (FHO) and FHO-FR models is not possible due to the high computational complexity of the second model. With the advent of a common approximation model, it became possible to compare simulation results for these models. Numerical calculations have shown that the FHO-FR-reg model gives values of gas-dynamic parameters close to the FHO model. The developed regression models make it possible to speed up the solution of the problem of modeling oxygen relaxation several times compared to other models of similar accuracy.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution, European Union competitiveness and future of international trade
Authors:   Center of Expertise on the Issues of the World Trade Organization, Medvedkov Maxim , Mikheeva Evgeniia ,   St. Petersburg State University, Khaliliulin Ildar ,   Russian Foreign Trade Academy
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to analysis of the background and trade aspects of the fourth industrial revolution, a technological component of the countries’ competitiveness, current practices used by countries, in particular European countries, to maintain their competitive advantages, as well as consequences for the international trading system. The aim of the article is to study recent measures applied by European countries to preserve their competitive positions in the markets of high-tech goods and services within the framework of the fourth industrial revolution, and to identify the consequences and possible growth vectors of the multilateral trading system. Application of statistical analysis and case study methods used for an exploration the legal framework ensured that the objective was achieved. The article provides an overview of the trade aspects of the fourth industrial revolution, current changes in the production of goods and services, and in the patterns of trade in such goods and services, which emerged because of widespread digitalization and the emergence of new technologies and directly impacted countries’ competitiveness. An analysis of the EU’s legal and program initiatives, which is aimed at limiting technology transfer and actively developing its high-tech industries through large-scale subsidies, mostly under a pretext of achieving climate goals, provides insight into the current direction of the EU’s trade policy. Based on the results obtained during the study of restrictive measures introduced by European countries, as well as the current situation in international trade caused by the fourth industrial revolution, the authors make a forecast of possible trajectory of development of the multilateral trading system and suggest directions for changing the rules governing international trade that have been in place for more than 70 years.
The effects of long-term drainage and wildfires on water table level and water chemistry of the Great Vasyugan Mire
Authors:   Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kharanzhevskaya Yulia A.
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we assessed long-term changes in water table level of the Great Vasyugan Mire, water chemistry and the removal of mineral and organic substances in the mire-river system in the taiga zone of Western Siberia under the conditions of forest reclamation, pyrogenic factor and climate change. In the drained area of the Great Vasyugan Mire, a significant decrease in water table levels and an increase in the amplitude of their fluctuations by 1.6 times were noted. The effect of the pyrogenic factor is expressed, on the contrary, in an increase in water table levels due to surface burnout. In the water of the drained part of the Great Vasyugan Mire, an increase in the concentrations of Са2+, Mg2+, Fetotal, Cl-, К+, Na+, Cl-, SО42–, NO3-, DOC was noted. An increase in the content of NH+4, Feобщ, Cl-, SO42-, NO-3, and DOC is observed in river waters. An indicator of the effect of the pyrogenic factor on the chemical composition is an increase in the pH value and the content of K+, Na+, SО42–, NО–3, HCО3– ions, as well as Са2+, Mg2+, Feобщ. In connection with the overgrowth of the ditches, the process of self-healing of the mire is observed, and backwater zones are formed near the ditches and the amplitude of level fluctuations increases, as a result, the chemical composition of the waters of the drained and natural areas of the Great Vasyugan Mire in certain periods has minimal differences. Studies have shown that the removal of mineral and organic substances from the drained area of the great Vasyugan Mire prevailed in the high-water year 2018 and amounted to 2054 tons, of which the removal of DOC was equal to 47% or 969 tons. In the future, climate change, an increase in air temperature and precipitation in the region are likely, will contribute to the removal of biogenic elements and organic substances from mires and increase their concentration in river waters.
Trends in the elements of the carbonate system of Lake Ladoga
Authors:   Berg State Research Institute on Lake and River Fisheries, Guseva Maria A. , Krylova Viktoriia Yu. ,   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPC RAS), Institute of Limnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2024

During the observation period in 2003 – 2021, it was shown that the total concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon, represented in the water of Lake Ladoga mainly HCO3ˉ and CO2 has been increasing in recent years. The concentration of CO2 has a sufficiently large spatial and temporal variability and, in terms of carbon at the stations under consideration, can range from 0.6 to 47 % of the total concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon, depending on the change in the ratio of production and destruction processes in different seasons at different horizons. At the same time, a significant interannual trend of an increase in the total concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide and, accordingly, a decrease in the hydrogen index was revealed. Calculation of the balance of dissolved in water and atmospheric CO2 showed that, in general, CO2 concentrations in water exceed equilibrium, however, at the peak of the growing season, the surface layer of the lake in some cases, on the contrary, can absorb carbon dioxide from the air. This effect of the «biological pump» is most clearly manifested in the nutrient-rich and heated shallow part of the lake. However, in the main body of water, there is an interannual trend of increasing the calculated concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide relative to its equilibrium concentrations with the atmosphere. Due to the shortage of nutrients, primarily phosphorus, an increase in temperature does not lead to an increase in productivity and CO2 consumption. Stoichiometric ratios of apparent oxygen and carbon deficiency, in turn, demonstrate that the quantitative change in the content of dissolved carbon in water can be fully explained by oxidation or synthesis of organic matter in only a third of the cases considered. In the remaining 2/3 of cases, the increase in the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon may be associated with an increase in carbon runoff from the catchment area into Lake Ladoga, or with intra-reservoir processes associated with the peculiarities of accumulation and redistribution of CO2 in the water column.
Dynamics of the forest cover of raised bogs in southern taiga: Zapadnaya Dvina forest peatland station as an example (Tver region)
Authors:   Institute of Forest Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Egorov Kirill P. , Medvedeva Maria A. ,   Institute of Forest Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Galanina Olga V. ,   St. Petersburg State University,   Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to testing the hypothesis about the current increase in the forest cover of raised bogs in the forest zone, depending on changes in climatic conditions. To analyze the dynamics of forest cover using the example of raised bogs in the Tver region, a methodology was developed based on the use of different generations of Landsat satellite data. The methodology was tested on ground data and applied to analyze changes in forest cover between 1976 and 2022 in several raised bog areas, including undisturbed areas and areas drained for forestry. The study tested approximately 20 vegetation indices across a variety of surveys, including summer and winter (snow) conditions. The classification results were verified using planting taxation data on circular plots and assessed using error matrices. Moderate-resolution Landsat satellite imagery, especially winter imagery, has been found to be suitable for long-term analysis of afforestation dynamics in raised bogs. An optimal vegetation index SWVI (Short wave vegetation index) and classification technique are proposed. The results of the study showed that afforestation increases in all undrained areas of swamps, regardless of their initial state. The smallest changes are observed for areas with low crown density (0-0.1), to a greater extent for density 0.2-0.3, and the greatest changes occur in areas with high crown density (0.6-0.7 and higher).
Reconstruction of the composition and structure of the lithospheric mantle based on the major element composition of garnet and chromium diopside xenocrysts from rocks of the crater part of a kimberlite pipe (the example of the V. Grib pipe, Arkhangelsk diamondiferous province)
Authors:   Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Gudimova Alena I. ,   Novosibirsk State University, Agasheva Elena V. ,   Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Dymshits Anna M. ,   Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Kola Science Centre of Russian Academy of Science, Geological Institute
Published: August 2024

The article reports data on the concentrations of the major elements in garnet (1104 grains) and clinopyroxene (238 grains) xenocrysts extracted from rocks of the crater part of the highly diamondiferous V. Grib kimberlite pipe, located within the Arkhangelsk diamondiferous province. All garnet grains were divided into five color groups: violet (35% of the total sample), orange (40%), red (23%), red-orange (<1%) and dichroic (1.3%). The composition of garnets indicates the presence in the lithospheric mantle of lherzolites (39 %), harzburgite-dunites (up to 8 %, including 4 % of potentially diamond-bearing), as well as a significant amount of megacrysts (23 %), low-chromium pyroxenites (up to 19 %), and eclogites (11 %). The temperature varies from 900 to 1200 °С, which is the most common temperature range of diamond stability in the lithospheric mantle rocks, corresponds to 78 % of lherzolite garnets and 88 % of garnets of the harzburgite-dunite paragenesis, including 95 % of “diamond association” garnets. The bestfit geotherm was determined using the software "Gtherm" according to the calculated P-T values of chrome diopside xenocrysts and was consistent with 36.8 mW/m2 surface heat flux. Reconstruction of the structure of the lithospheric mantle indicates the location of garnets of lherzolite paragenesis throughout the entire section of the lithospheric mantle from ~ 80 to ~ 205 km, harzburgite-dunites, including potentially diamond-bearing varieties, mainly in its central and lower parts from ~ 130 to ~ 180 km. The lower boundary of the lithospheric mantle was established at a depth of ~ 230 km. The thickness of the “diamond window” is ~ 85 km. The results of the study showed that kimberlite indicator minerals from the crater parts could be suitable to predict the potential diamond content of kimberlite objects at the drilling stage.
The problem of reflecting the variability of a word in a dialect dictionary (on the material of the “Pskov Regional Dictionary with Historical Data”)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Vasilyeva Olga V.
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of reflecting the variability of the Russian dialect word in dialect dictionaries published in Russia from the 19th to the 21st centuries. The study aims to consider the method of presenting different types of variants of a dialect word in various dialect dictionaries, with the main attention being paid to the analysis of works of dialect lexicography created since the middle of the 20th century until now. The submission of variants in the “Pskov Regional Dictionary”, which has been worked on at Leningrad State University — St. Petersburg State University (and Pskov Pedagogical Institute — Pskov State University) since the 1950s, is analyzed in most detail. Research objectives: to study, based on the relevant sections of the introductions and prefaces to dialect dictionaries of the Russian language, what exactly the authors of dictionaries consider to be variants of a dialect word, what types of variants they distinguish and how they are presented in their dictionaries. The novelty of the work lies in the consideration of the problem under study on the basis of a wide range of dialect dictionaries published in different regions of Russia and differently interpreting the theory of variance and describing lexical variation. The material of the study is both the theoretical introductory sections of Russian dialect dictionaries — namely, those parts that are devoted to the variability of the dialect lexeme — and the dialect dictionaries themselves, which differently present certain types of word variants in the dictionary and in a separate dictionary entry.
The impact of communicative parameters on the speaker’s spatial orientation in virtual reality
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Belousov Konstantin I. , Taleski Aleksandar ,   Perm State University, Ryabinin Konstantin V. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Boronnikova Natalia V. ,   Perm State University
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we try to show a specificity of the speaker’s spatial orientation system as a complex of cognitive functions in virtual reality (VR). Spatial orientation can be egocentric, allocentric or geocentric depending on which verbal deictic occurs as a point of reference. The use of one or another type of spatial orientation in VR can be conditioned by various factors. We explore the impact of communicative parameters on the speaker’s spatial orientation in VR. For that purpose, a VR experiment was conducted by applying five scenes with different communicative parameters. The consideration of the connection between the communicative parameters embedded in five different scenes and cognitive processes in the speaker’s orientation in VR is a novelty. The specific features of speaker orientation are presented in terms of three different deictic and communicative aspects: the opposition person-oriented and distance-oriented systems; the communicative situations themselves and their internal parameters; the location of the referent in proximal, medial and distal positions. 24 informants participated in the experiment, and 725 reactions presented in the form of lines were obtained as material which was analyzed and processed in the Semograph Information System. The results showed that in the communication in VR, the allocentric orientation prevails even with the proximal position of the referent, the deictic coordinate system can be fully integrated into some communicative situations, and certain communicative parameters can affect the speaker’s spatial orientation. We discuss the mechanisms that might explain the results and offer recommendations for future experiments.
Social and political participation using digital services: An empty ritual or a genuine participation?
Authors:   Tyumen State University, Karagulyan Egine A. , Batyreva Maria V. ,   Tyumen State University
Published: August 2024

This article focuses on how modern digital services can involve citizens in socio-political processes. Based on a survey of residents of the Tyumen region, an assessment was made of the participation of citizens in socio-political processes, the demand for digital services by the population for the manifestation of socio-political activity, as well as the ability of these services to provide citizens with genuine political participation. The study found that only 40 % of respondents use modern services and technologies to display their socio-political activity. In the great majority of cases, the use of digital services or platforms is apolitical (solving one’s own life problems, getting information, informing the authorities). The needs of citizens related to participation in social and political processes through digital services are fully satisfied, but these services do not provide citizens with genuine participation and don’t give the opportunity to influence ongoing social and political processes. Only a few services today enable citizens to reach a high level of sociopolitical participation. Most digital services provide only symbolic political participation, but their presence improves the system of public administration and interaction between the authorities and the population. We tend to see, even in the non-political nature of digital service usage, latent political participation that can become real. The use of digital services is important for society, as they significantly expand both the audience and the repertoire of citizens’ participation in socio-political processes; have a learning effect; contribute to increasing the openness and accountability of authorities to citizens. By properly analyzing the weaknesses of digital services and the demands of citizens for their improvement, one can make significant improvements.
Formation of identity and protection of the rights of a digital citizen in a digital society
Authors:   Heilongjiang University, Gong Nan , Ma Сhangshan ,   East China University of Political Science and Law
Published: August 2024

In the modern era, driven by the information revolution, an individual or individual citizen increasingly presents himself as a “digital person” or a “digital citizen”. The connotation and extension of the rights of an individual (citizen) are also undergoing a deep digital reconstruction. This is how “digital rights” appeared, and “puts on the agenda” the confirmation of identity and the protection of the rights of a digital citizen. It should be noted that digital survival has become the main attribute and the main mechanism of human life, and the problem of identity of a digital citizen arises in accordance with the requirements of the time. A digital citizen is a digital embodiment and digital expression of a natural citizen, carrying within himself the identity, logic of action, as well as the rights and responsibilities of a citizen in digital public life. The imbalance between digital capabilities and technological capabilities has led to the digital citizen facing the dilemma of mechanical isolation, which is especially manifested in the marginalization of the digital citizen in platform architecture, the isolation of the digital citizen from algorithmic decision — making, the objectification of the digital citizen in digital control, the disconnection of the digital citizen in technological capabilities and depersonalization of the digital citizen in technological rationality, etc. The mechanical isolation of the digital citizen poses a serious challenge to the values of equality, freedom, fundamental rights of citizens, as well as democracy and the rule of law. In order to eliminate the mechanical isolation of the digital citizen, strengthen the legal protection of the rights of the digital citizen and preserve the fairness of the digital society, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of the “human — centered” digital rule of law, carry out the legalization and confirmation of the identity of the digital citizen, as well as build a digital democratic mechanism of inclusivity and shared governance, increasing literacy and digital citizen qualifications.
System-wide and targeted principles of legal provision of national tax security
Authors:   Financial Research Institute of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, Maslov Kirill V. ,   Dostoevsky Omsk State University
Published: August 2024

The principles, acting as the basis of any social system, are of particular importance for the legal provision of national tax security as a systematic public management activity carried out in a legal form and aimed at countering threats to the accumulation of tax revenues. The importance of principles is not limited to their ontological, axiological, epistemological and pedagogical roles, but also manifests itself in purely applied functions: conflictological, hermeneutic and directly regulatory. The principles of legal provision of national tax security are defined as ideas and attitudes that form conceptual and organizational basis for the emergence, modification and termination of legal relations that develop inside and outside the system of public administration. Such relations are concerned with receiving into the budget system such an amount of taxes that corresponds to the planned, taking into account the need for full financing of the functions and tasks of the state both in the current period and for the purposes of long-term development. The following groups of principles of legal provision of national tax security are identified: system-wide, targeted, functional, organizational and procedural. Two groups of principles that determine the functioning of all subsystems of administrative activities to ensure the national tax security are described in detail: system-wide and targeted. The first group includes legality; systematic and comprehensive application by public authorities of measures to ensure tax security; priority of public interests while taking into account the legitimate interests of individuals; mutual responsibility of the state and the individual; priority of preventive measures to ensure tax security. The following principles are targeted: the adequacy of administrative activities in tax and related areas to the nature and scale of threats; effectiveness, continuity and timeliness of legal response to threats; avoiding the creation of risks and uncertainty by state actions; support for innovative development.
The ratio decidendi of the decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia from the perspective of legal positivism
Authors:   Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember, Rumawi Rumawi , Ali Mohammad ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Syakur Abdul ,   Universitas PGRI Delta Sidoarjo, Supianto Supianto ,   Universitas Islam Jember
Published: August 2024

Indonesia is currently facing economic problems related to the lack of investment and lack of job opportunities, as well as the difficulty of licensing. Therefore, the preparation of laws and regulations using the omnibus law method was then carried out to overcome these conditions so that Indonesia succeeded in issuing Law Nо. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. Even though the existence of the Law is critical because of the various shortcomings in it, ranging from the mechanism for its preparation, the involvement of the parties, excessive (over regulation) to the level of norms which experts and legal observers feel need a more in-depth study. Based on this fact, the question then arises: What is the ratio decidendi of the Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Nо. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020? And is the decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Nо. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 in accordance with the perspective of legal positivism? The method in this manuscript uses normative legal research. Based on the analysis, Law No. 11 of 2020 was decided as conditionally unconstitutional. So that the legislators need to improve no less than two years since the decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Nо. 91/PUUXVIII/2020 was pronounced. So that Law Nо. 11 of 2020 in the context of legal positivism can also be said to be contrary to the constitution and declared to have no legal consequences.