bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Diabetic Patients about Skin Care
Authors: Alam Md Rezaul , Amin Md Nurul , Ansari MH , Rahim Md Abdur
Published: April 2021

Background: Diabetes is now a public health problem in our country and it is steadily increasing. Skin manifestation is frequently common in diabetics. Care of skin is a part of management, where patient's role is no less than a physician, The patients' role includes perception and practice of the patients about their skin manifestation. This cross-sectional study was, therefore, undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of diabetic patients (respondents) about their skin care.

Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Dermatology, National Healthcare Network, Dhaka over a period of 6 months from April to September 2009. A total of 90 diabetic patients with or without skin diseases included in the study. The level of knowledge and practice was measured on a 0-4 Likert Scale.

Results: Respondents were predominantly male (60%) with mean age being 49±11.1 years.  Majority (95%) of the respondents were Muslim (95%), educated (87.7%) and middle class (83.3%). Primary and secondary level educated comprised 50% of the respondents. Over 25% was graduate and higher level educated and the rest (13.3%) illiterate. About 88% of the respondents held the view that diabetic patients were more susceptible to develop skin diseases and over 75% were aware about skin manifestations in diabetics. Although majority (98.1%) had a good knowledge about what to do in case if skin manifestation arises, less than half (45%) had knowledge about how to take care of their skin (unaware about practice). Only 36% of the respondents told that changes in skin colour should often be checked as evidence of skin manifestation (good knowledge), 31.1% told sometimes to be checked (fair knowledge) and 33.3% told never to be checked (poor knowledge). Majority of the respondents categorized pruritis (85.6%), erythema (81.1%) and impetigo (80%) as skin diseases. Pigment disorder, epidermal differentiation disorder, papules and blisters were identified by around two-thirds of the diabetics. Changes in skin pigmentation, cuts and blisters were often checked by 30% of the diabetics. Changes in red spots, swelling and sensation were often checked by 10% of the respondents. Nearly three-quarters (22%) of the respondents' knowledge about skin care was highly satisfactory in terms of Likert scale, followed by 44.4% satisfactory, 17.8%  more or less satisfactory, 10% grossly dissatisfactory and 5.6% poor.

Conclusion: The study concluded that diabetic patients are aware of their skin manifestation and its different forms. They also possess good knowledge about how to take care of those manifestations. But they are usually reluctant to bring it into practice.

Ibrahim Cardiac Med J 2012; 2(2): 31-36
Management of Post Infarction Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Paul Shimu , Islam Md Sirajul , Roy Siba Pada , Ahmed Niaz , Mina MH , Md Jalaluddin -
Published: April 2021

Ventricular septal rupture remains an infrequent but a serious, devastating and life threating complication of acute myocardial infarction. We report a case of 74 years old man with post infarction anterior ventricular septal rupture who was successfully managed. Ventricular septal rupture was closed by artificial (gortex) patch; concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting was done. Postoperative complications included reopening for excessive bleeding, low cardiac output with high inotropic support. A rapid diagnosis, aggressive medical management and prompt surgical intervention are required to optimize survival and recovery in patients who present with septal rupture complicating myocardial infarction.

Ibrahim Cardiac Med J 2013; 3(1&2): 49-52
Efficacy of Blind Tracheal Aspirate in Comparison to Bronchoalveolar Lavage for Microbiological Diagnosis of Nosocomial Pneumonia in Patients on Ventilator
Authors: Ahsan ASM Areef , Faruq Mohammad Omar , Fatema Kaniz , Ahmed Fatema , Hassan Shakera Binte
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives: For diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in patients on ventilator, invasive procedure like bronchoscopy for microscopy and quantitative cultures of lower respiratory tract samples is useful but not always possible for potential risk of the procedure and the associated cost. The non-bronchoscopic sampling of the lower airways and quantitative cultures of tracheal aspirate may offer simple and readily available alternative to bronchoscopy with promising results. This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of blind tracheal aspirate in the microbiological diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia occurring in intubated patients on mechanical ventilator.

Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Intensive Care Unit in the Department of Critical Care Medicine, BIRDEM Hospital, Dhaka over a period 16 months starting from January 2010 to April 2011. A total of 54 clinically diagnosed cases of nosocomial (hospital acquired) pneumonia who were on ventilator were consecutively included in the study based on predefined enrolment criteria. All the 54 cases were subjected to blind endotracheal aspirate (BTA) followed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for quantitative cultures of specimens and isolation of causative microorganisms from them.

Result: The present study showed that the mean age of the patients was 61 years (range: 24-86 years). Males were predominant in the series with male to female ratio being 7:3. Majority of the patients was haemodynamically stable as indicated by mean blood pressures, heart rate, temperature and respiratory rate. Most (83.3%) of the cases showed significant growth of microbes on culture of blind tracheal aspirates at cut-off value of 105 colony forming unit/ml (cfu/ml), while 87% of the cases exhibited positive growth on culture of bronchoalveolar lavage at cut-off value of 104 cfu/ml. Acinetobacter baumannii was the predominant organism isolated from BTA (73.3%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33.3%). An almost similar pattern of growth was evident in BAL with more than 70% being Acinetobacter baumannii and about 30% Pseudomonas aeruginosa. C. albicans. Kiebsiella sp., E. coli, and Flavobacter were less commonly observed in either group. The Kappa test revealed a good agreement (70.7%) between the two procedures suggesting that the two diagnostic modalities are almost comparable in diagnosing pneumonia in patients admitted in ICU (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The study concluded that the accuracy of blind tracheal aspirate and bronchalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia was fairly comparable. The strength of agreement between the two diagnostic modalities is also good encouraging its use instead of more invasive procedures like BAL in the diagnosis of hospital-acquired pneumonia who are on mechanical ventilator.

Ibrahim Cardiac Med J 2014; 4(2): 49-55
Potential Role of Cardiac Computed Tomography in Establishing Diagnosis of Ruptured sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm: Case Report
Authors: Ghafoor Nusrat , Siraj Nawshin , Hasan Md Sharif , Chakma Kowshik
Published: April 2021

Ruptured Valsalva aneurysm is a rare cardiac anomaly that may be congenital or acquired, a coexisting cardiac lesion might be present. The presentation may range from an asymptomatic murmur to cardiogenic shock. Most of these cases were earlier diagnosed using echocardiography and conventional angiography. But with the availability of advanced imaging modalities like cardiac CT this condition can be accurately assessed noninvasively. The high spatial resolution of cardiac CT provides anatomical details of the aneurysm by depicting a jet of contrast materials extending from the aneurysm and adjacent cardiac chamber. We report a case of ruptured aneurysm arising from the non-coronary sinus with a fistulous track connecting the sinus with the right atrium. This case was evaluated by 32 slice cardiac MDCT (Multi detector computed tomography) imaging. This was later confirmed peroperatively.

Ibrahim Cardiac Med J 2014; 4(2): 64-67
A temática da gravidez na adolescência numa feira de ciências: Contracepções, responsabilidades e impactos ambientais causados por uma criança
Authors: Fraguas Talita , Marques Ronualdo , Gonzalez Carlos Eduardo Fortes , Xavier Claudia Regina
Published: April 2021

Este é um relato de experiência sobre um trabalho realizado em uma Feira de Ciências, sobre Educação Ambiental e sustentabilidade, utilizando a temática da Gravidez na adolescência no Colégio Estadual Deputado Olívio Belich em Curitiba – Paraná. O objetivo foi sensibilizar os estudantes sobre a importância de conhecer e respeitar o próprio corpo, a seriedade da utilização dos métodos contraceptivos, as responsabilidades, o impacto ambiental causado ao meio ambiente, as despesas, e o tempo de decomposição dos produtos utilizados por uma criança nos primeiros anos de vida. Com isso, refletiu-se: como o tema métodos contraceptivos e gravidez pode ser relacionado à Educação Ambiental? No primeiro momento, explanou-se sobre as mudanças psicológicas, físicas e hormonais ocorridas na puberdade, seguindo com a apresentação dos métodos contraceptivos mais comuns e uma roda de conversa sobre a gravidez na adolescência. A partir disso, os estudantes buscaram informações sobre quais itens são utilizados pelos bebês até os três anos de idade, a quantidade, o volume de lixo produzido, o tempo de decomposição, os cuidados que se deve ter com um bebê, o preço dos métodos contraceptivos para a produção de stands na feira de ciências. Constatou-se que os estudantes tiveram participação efetiva nas atividades sobre a temática da gravidez na adolescência sensibilizando a comunidade escolar na feira de ciências sobre a importância de cuidar do próprio corpo, o uso do preservativo para evitar contaminações por doenças, a seriedade dos métodos contraceptivos, e os impactos de uma gravidez não planejada para a própria vida.
Effects of temperature, salinity, and depth on Symbiodiniaceae lineages hosted by Palythoa tuberculosa near a river mouth
Authors: Wee HB , Kobayashi Y , Reimer JD
Published: April 2021

The diversity of symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodiniaceae hosted by anthozoans is known to be driven by the environment where the hosts are found. This study examined how environmental variations (<1 to 100s m) can influence the diversity of Symbiodiniaceae within the zoantharian Palythoa tuberculosa. We monitored the dominant Symbiodiniaceae lineages within tagged P. tuberculosa colonies near the Hija River mouth and adjacent coastal reefs at Mizugama, Okinawa, Japan, between July 2016 and April 2018. Seven sites were chosen based on depth and distance from the river mouth, with 5 tagged colonies at each site. Water parameters of tidal pools (TPs) at the river mouth, especially temperature, were significantly different from other sites. Surprisingly, P. tuberculosa colonies at TPs were more resilient to bleaching during summers compared to colonies at other shallow sites. We observed different Cladocopium psbAncr lineages hosted by the tagged P. tuberculosa, with TPs colonies usually hosting one Cladocopium lineage (designated as lineage 4). Colonies from the deep sites and other shallow sites hosted mostly Cladocopium lineages 1 (generalist) and 2 (riverine specialist). Throughout the study period, the shallow colonies (included TPs) recorded higher rates of switching dominant Cladocopium lineages (mostly to lineage 1), whereas most deep colonies did not switch their dominant Cladocopium lineages. Our results show that Cladocopium lineage 1, previously reported as a generalist lineage in terms of environmental parameters, could also be an opportunist lineage during periods of host stress. Our study confirms that Cladocopium lineage flexibility likely helps the resilience of P. tuberculosa in such variable environments.
Methods of the diffraction theory for microwave aquametry of paper materials
Authors: Serdyuk Vladimir M. , Titovitsky Joseph A.
Published: April 2021

We present a short review of several fundamental results, which have been obtained within frameworks of one trend of the wide spread of investigations, carried out during 1970 –2010s under the leadership of doctor of science, corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus P. D. Kukharchik, whose scientific interests were connected with the study of physical properties of heterogeneous dielectric and metal-containing industrial materials by the methods of holography, holographotomography, digital radiography, microwave and infrared introscopy. In this review, by the example of several base problems, we describe the semi-analytical methods of rigorous theoretical simulation of electromagnetic fields, arising under electromagnetic diffraction by slots in perfectly conducting screens of arbitrary thickness in absence and in the presence of plane dielectrics in the plane and cylindrical geometries of electromagnetic propagation. It demonstrates application of the these methods to simulation of processes of moisture measuring of paper sheet using microwave cavities with slots, which are employed on enterprises of pulp and paper industry.
The two-photon production of W-bosons pair at colliders at the leading order and the one-loop correction
Authors: Manko Andrei Yu. , Shulyakovsky Roman G.
Published: April 2021

In this paper the process of two-photon production of W-bosons pair was studied at hadron and electron-positron colliders in the leading and the next-to-leading order approximation. The process can be used for investigation precision parameters of Standard Model (tri-linear and quartic couplings) and search effects of «new physics» (for example anomalous couplings). This process of production W-bosons has a small background therefore it can be studied at colliders with high precision. The program LoopTools was used to numerical calculate one-loop integrals, the program Mathematica and the packages FeynArts and FeynCalc were used to obtain the Feynman diagrams and amplitudes, the square of module of matrix element. The total and differential cross sections for hadron and electron-positron colliders were calculated using the approximation of equivalent of photons (Weizsäcker – Williams approximation). In this approximation, the scattering particles are detected in the forward-detectors at small angles and the production particles are detected in the main detector. The Monte-Carlo generator TwoPhotonGen written in C++ was used for simulation. It is shown, the total and differential cross section are increasing with increasing of the total energy of colliding particles.
Structure of the compact astrophysical objects in the conformally-unimodular metric
Authors: Cherkas Sergey L. , Kalashnikov Vladimir L.
Published: April 2021

A spherically symmetric solution for a gravitational field is considered in the conformally-unimodular metric. The reason for the study of this particular gauge (i. e., conformally-unimodular metric) is its relation to the vacuum energy problem. That aim connects it to other physical phenomena (including black holes), and one could argue that they should be considered in this particular class of metrics. As the vacuum solutions, so the incompressible liquid ones are investigated. In the last case, the nonsingular «eicheon» appears as a non-point compact static object that possessed different masses and structures. Such objects are a final product of the stellar collapse, with the masses exceeding the Tolman – Oppenheimer – Volkoff limit. The term «eicheon» refers to the fundamental G. Weyl’s paper «Gravitation und Elektrizität», published, in particular in the book «Das Relativitätsprinzip. Eine Sammlung von Originalarbeiten zur Relativitätstheorie Einsteins» (Berlin, 2018), where he introduced the concept of gauge invariance (German Eichtheorie) firstly in its relation to the unified field theory. Using this term to describe the compact nonsingular astrophysical objects emphasizes the decisive role of the gauge fixing by the unimodular metric. Besides, the connotation with Eichel (acorn) stresses the twofold internal structure of an object: as a point-like in the unimodular metric and a surface in the Schwarzschild one. The radial geodesic lines are investigated in the conformally-unimodular metric, as well.
Modeling of plasmon resonance in periodic multilayer structures based on chromium with a surface island layer
Authors: Koshelev Ilya R. , Mukhammad Asiya I. , Gaiduk Peter I.
Published: April 2021

The optical properties of Cr/Si/Cr and Cr/CrSi2 /Cr structures with periodically located chromium islands are modeled using the finite-difference time domain method. These structures are characterized by the phenomenon of plasmon resonance. The dependences of the intensity and position of the plasmon absorption peak on the thickness and radius of the islands are determined. It was observed that when the island thickness increases to 120 nm, the intensity of the absorption peak increases to 69 % for the Cr/Si/Cr structure and to 55 % for the Cr/CrSi2 /Cr structure. It was found that the peak of plasmon absorption in the spectrum of the Cr/Si/Cr structure is at a shorter wavelength (8.4 µm for Cr/Si/Cr, 11.1 µm for Cr/CrSi2/Cr), and also has a higher intensity (the share of absorbed radiation is 14 % higher compared to the peak of plasmon absorption in the spectrum of the Cr/CrSi2 /Cr structure). The obtained dependences indicate that the Cr/Si/Cr and Cr/CrSi2 /Cr structures can be used as IR detectors.
Change of tension state of electrolytic nickel under exposure to plasma
Authors: Anisovich Anna G.
Published: April 2021

A study of the effect of cold air plasma on cathode nickel grade N-1 has been carried out. The changes in the microstructure, macro- and microstresses, as well as static displacements of atoms from equilibrium positions are investigated. By the method of aim metallography it was shown that the microstructure does not change under plasma exposure. X-ray structural studies have established that the level of microstresses does not change when exposed to plasma. A decrease in the magnitude of macrostresses is shown when exposed to plasma for 5 and 10 min. Macrostresses in this case vary from tensile stresses in the initial state to compressive stresses after exposure to plasma. The change in the static displacements of atoms from the equilibrium positions and their decrease when exposed to plasma have been established.
The rural community in Belarus after the abolition of serfdom
Authors: Maskevich Anna I.
Published: April 2021

The article explores the creation and the functioning of rural societies in Belarus after the abolition of serfdom. Considerable focus is given to the definition of differences between the terms «rural society» and «peasant community». Territorial differences in the activities of rural societies in Belarus are noted and their formal and informal structure is highlighted. The object of the study is the peasantry of Belarus in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. The subject of the study is the regularities and features of creation and existence of rural communities in Belarus in the post-reform period. The choice of the object and subject of the study is determined by the importance of peasantry in the population structure and the principal role of peasantry in the processes of social transformation and modernisation in Belarus in the 1860–90s. The goals of the study are to determine the roles and functions of rural society in Belarus after the abolition of serfdom by identifying the differences between the terms «society» and «community»; to investigate the official structure of rural society in Belarus; and to depict the informal influence of society and public opinion on peasant life.
Major trends in the development of business activity in Belarus in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century (the case of Minsk)
Authors: Burachonak Aliaksandr V.
Published: April 2021

The article provides analysis of major directions of entrepreneurship development in Minsk in late 19th – early 20th century, showcases dynamics of quantitative and qualitative changes in industry and trade. The paper uncovers level of credit business development as well as institutional changes in the economic life of Minsk in the post-reform period. The conclusions reveal influence of modernisation processes on the development of business activity in Minsk in the late 19th – early 20th century.
Features of Obtaining Films MnXSiY on Silicon by Solid-phase Reaction
Authors: Yakubov K. , Latipova M. , Qodirov A.
Published: April 2021

Recently, in the development of new device structures, structures with various metals on silicon have been used. Numerous studies have shown that as a result of solid-phase reactions of Mn and Si, it is possible to create heterophase systems from various manganese silicide. Such films possessing a unique set of thermoelectric properties. At the present time, obtaining a film with high values of a sufficient thermo-EMF, the maximum thermoelectric figure of merit of these materials of the pack has not yet been achieved. In this regard, there is a need for a detailed study of the structure and perfection of manganese silicide – silicon films obtained on a silicon substrate. In this work, we study the solid-phase reaction in the Mn-Si diffusion system and the process of the formation of manganese silicide phases on a silicon substrate.
The Comparison Study of Soil Permeability Characteristic From Clay - Material Mixing Crays Gilvus (Macrotermes gilvus Hagen) and Bentonite as Soil Liner
Authors: Ahmad Ridhani Noorfauzi  , Rusdiansyah
Published: April 2021

The liner has a role as a sealing or waterproof layer that was made to prevent water to be absorbed by the soil. A good liner is made within the minimum hydraulic conductivity (k) within the requirements of 1.0E-07 cm/s. This study was conducted to determine the extent of the difference between hydraulic conductivity (k) bentonite and termite nest (Macrotermes gilvus Hagen) as one of the materials that have the potential to obtain the small value of hydraulic conductivity (k). This research was conducted by examining the effect of hydraulic conductivity (k) value on the percentage of additives, such as bentonite and termite nest material (M. gilvus Hagen), and then compared the hydraulic conductivity (k) values of those two materials. The variations in the additive content percentage are 5%, 15%, and 30% with laterite as a base material. Based on the results of the falling head test at a minimum density of 95% γdmax, the smallest hydraulic conductivity (k) value was obtained by bentonite with 30% mixed percentage level of 6.9390E-08 cm/s and the smallest hydraulic conductivity (k) value of termite nests was 1.2646E-07 cm/s with the content percentage of 5% mixture.
Research on Energy Saving of 59990 t Bulk Carrier Based on Frequency Conversion Control With Pulsating Enhanced Heat Exchange
Authors: Hou Yu , Wang Jun , Levtsev A.
Published: April 2021

The ship’s central cooling water system is one of the most important systems serving the main engine. With the progress of society, the design and construction of ships increasingly need to develop in the direction of environmental protection and energy-saving. Taking the 59,990 t bulk carrier as the research object, this paper proposes that based on the frequency conversion control of the seawater pump and supplemented by the energy-saving scheme of pulsation enhanced heat exchange, the frequency conversion control of the seawater pump is realized by adjusting the speed according to different working conditions. At this time, adding pulsation enhanced heat transfer technology can generate forced convection, increase the turbulence of the fluid in the tube, and introduce convection into the boundary layer, and at the same time produce cavitation, which can improve the heat transfer efficiency of the equipment. After using the seawater pump frequency conversion control and pulsation enhanced heat exchange program, the energy consumption is about 36% of that before the system was installed. The data shows that the program achieves the purpose of environmental protection and energy-saving and has a certain reference value for engineering research.
Problems of Creation of Cotton-textile Clusters in the Kyrgyz Republic and Ways to Solve Them
Authors: Aidarbekov M. , Salpieva T.
Published: April 2021

This article substantiates the need to create cotton-textile clusters in order to increase the added value of raw cotton grown in Kyrgyzstan. The foreign and domestic experience of using clusters in the development of textile and clothing production is considered, and the existing problems and factors affecting the creation of clusters are studied; a possible model of the formation of cotton-textile clusters in the light industry of Kyrgyzstan is proposed. The object of the research was the social relations associated with the conduct economic policy of the state on the creation of cotton and textile clusters in the Kyrgyz Republic. The subject of the research is a foreign and domestic experience in the formation of cluster production and the prospects for the practice of its application in Kyrgyzstan. Research methods represent a comparative, dialectical method of cognition of socio-economic phenomena, logical. The authors came to the conclusion that in order to form cotton-textile clusters in the Kyrgyz Republic, first of all, it is necessary to restore enterprises for the production of yarn and fabric, which are the most competitive in front of other segments of the textile industry.
Legal Regulation Mechanism for Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in the Russian Federation
Authors: Zavartseva Yu. , Shumova K.
Published: April 2021

In the context of general globalization and the strengthening of the role of international law, the issues of recognition and enforcement of decisions of foreign courts are the most urgent. Today, the execution of decisions of foreign courts for the most part is made dependent on international treaties. This article discusses some of the problems of recognition of judgments. Decisions of foreign courts that do not require compulsory execution are recognized without special proceedings if there are no objections from the interested person. If there are objections, the issue will be considered in a regulated manner by the courts competent to issue permission for the execution of decisions.
Digitalization of Customs Duties
Authors: Gafforov M. , Akromaliyev O.
Published: April 2021

In this article, the transition of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Renaissance period for customs clearance, payment for participation in customs auctions for the qualification certificate of a specialist in the digitalization of world customs duties.
Differentiated Instruction in Language Teaching
Authors: Tukhtabaeva Z.
Published: April 2021

Language teachers always have diverse learners with different language proficiency levels, with individual learning preferences, interests and abilities in their classes. This usually complicates the process of addressing every student’s need in a language classroom, and the process of conducting an effective lesson that can involve all students in the procedure. Therefore, educators endeavor to employ various methods and strategies to fully benefit all learners during their teaching. This particular article analyzes the role of Differentiated Instruction employed in classes with diverse students, along with its core elements that are usually differentiated by language teachers.
The Relevance of Teaching English on the Basis of an Integrative Approach in the Natural Science Direction
Authors: Tursunbayeva M.
Published: April 2021

The analysis of teaching English to students of the Faculty of Natural Sciences in Uzbekistan on the basis of an integrative approach to the subjects of the specialty is presented. Several examples show how important it is for students to study their professional competencies in English at the same time as their mother tongue through an integrative approach. It also highlights what the teacher should look for when using this approach.
The Yenisei Script as a Historical Source in the Study of the Kyrgyz Language
Authors: Karataeva S.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this article can be described as a scientific review of the Yenisei script as a source in the study of the history of the Kyrgyz language. The Yenisei (Kyrgyz) script provided an opportunity to preserve and pass on to posterity reliable facts about significant milestones in the history of the Kyrgyz and Kyrgyz statehood. The high level of farming and the state structure of the Kyrgyz people fully corresponded to their written culture. The Yenisei script can be recognized as an indicator of the high culture of the Yenisei Kyrgyz. Undoubtedly, the Yenisei script played a huge role in the study of not only the history of the Kyrgyz people, but also in the study of the formation of their language.
Names of Words Related to Food in the Work of Mahmud Kashgari Diwan Lughat at-Turk in the Modern Kyrgyz Language
Authors: Tokosheva Zh.
Published: April 2021

The work Diwan Lughat at-Turk by the lexicographer, ethnographer, folklorist, geographer, historian and person considered to be a scientist of all Turkic nations in XI century Mahmud Kashgari is of incomparable value for the Turkic peoples for the fact that it has spread its roots far in the history of lexicology and for its encyclopedic value. With the help of this work, it is possible to trace the evolution of both the Turkic languages and the modern Kyrgyz language. This article examines the names of food in the work Diwan Lughat at-Turk by Mahmud Kashgari and compares them with the modern Kyrgyz language. Most of the words in the work are used in the modern Kyrgyz language in their initial form. It was considered how these words are pronounced in the Kyrgyz language, among which some were analyzed. Proof of this is the historical and semantic connection of such words as: ayran–ayran; bal–bal; kymyz–kymyz; komech–komoch and others identified on the basis of comparative analysis.
Application of Language Facilities
Authors: Turdalieva D.
Published: April 2021

This article under discussion analyzes the use of linguistic opportunities, wide and narrow possibilities, the artistic implementation of linguistic units, occlusal constructions and factors that strengthen them, and speaking skills of the writer. The author of the article believes that a number of factors create conditions for the artistic embodiment of any linguistic opportunity, guided by the author. The harmony of these factors, determining the degree of reality realization, provides the aesthetic power of the literary text. Artistic intention, aesthetic purpose, and artistic skill are the leading personal factors that ensure the poetic realization of linguistic possibility.
Phraseological Units With Cardinal Numeral Component in the English Language
Authors: Sadigova S.
Published: April 2021

Without the description of the quantitative definiteness of the reality neither knowledge, nor human practice, nor communication is possible. In English the means of expressing ideas of quantity penetrate all the levels of language structure, phraseology as well. The purpose of the article is to investigate phraseological units with cardinal numerals in the English language. The article is focused on semantic analysis of 65 phraseological units with cardinal numeral component in the English language collected from the English phraseological dictionaries by several authors. There is always a special interest in linguistics to numerical phraseological units. Phraseological studies possess great significance as it displays the interrelation between the language and the society. Numerals take active part in the formation of phraseological units thus creating a large phraseological layer. Fixed expressions with cardinal numerals are more numerous in number than those with ordinal ones and include expressions with a wide range of numerals such as two, four, five, six, eight, fifty, hundred, thousand. They are commonly used in phraseological units to form a ‘human’ concept. The results of the investigation showed that the numbers one and two are the most productive numbers in the English phraseological units. The numbers one, three, six, nine and ten are used in different senses in these set expressions. The numbers seven and eight are unproductive in the English language. The results of this work can be used for further studying the semantics of numerals in phraseological units and identifying of phraseological units with a numeral component.
The Etymological Specificity of English-language Ecology Terms
Authors: Nigmatullina A.
Published: April 2021

The anthropocentric paradigm in linguistics, which brings to the fore the study of the human-language relationship, also correlates with the socio-ecological terminology: for the humanities, which includes philology, the terms of greatest interest are those that reveal various aspects of human interaction with nature, human influence on biological processes at various levels: from the micro-level (soil cultivation, cattle breeding, etc.) to the macro-level (global environmental disasters, space debris, etc.). The present article is an attempt to study the etymological specificity of English-speaking ecology terms in terms of anthropolinguistic approach.
The Embodiment of Humiliation and Terror Against Jews in the Novel Night by Elie Wiesel
Authors: Mukhamedova Sh.
Published: April 2021

The article studies the Holocaust reflection in the novel Night by American-Romanian author, laureate of the Nobel Prize Elie Wiesel. Being a prisoner himself, created the best works about the Holocaust repressions and tortures of the Jewish nation by Nazi during the Second World War. The article is aimed to give a new definition to the concept of “Holocaust” on the basis of a literary analysis of the suffering of Jews through the eyes of survivors in concentration camps. The methodology of analysis, based on a combination of cultural, historical and biographical approaches to the novel, enables to reveal the new explanation of the phenomenon which incorporates humiliation, discrimination, repression and extermination.
Identifying Resistance to the Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) in Potato Germplasm: Review Update
Authors: Rondon Silvia I. , Feldman Max , Thompson A. , Oppedisano Tiziana , Shrestha Govinda
Published: April 2021

Developing plant germplasm that contains genetic resistance to insect pests is a valuable component of integrated pest management programs. In the last several decades, numerous attempts have been made to identify genetic sources of resistance to Colorado potato beetleLeptinotarsa decemlineataSay (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). This review focuses on compiling information regarding generalL. decemlineatabiology, ecology, and management focusing on discussing biochemical and morphological potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) plant traits that might be responsible for providing resistance; the review ends discussing past efforts to identify genetic material and highlights promising new strategies that may improve the efficiency of evaluation and selection of resistant material. Measurement strategies, that begin with field screening of segregating populations or wild germplasm to narrow research focus can be useful. Identifying particularly resistant or susceptible germplasm, will help researchers focus on studying the mechanisms of resistance in much greater detail which will help the development of long-term sustainable management program.
Strategies for Enhancing in vitro Degradation of Linuron by Variovorax sp. Strain SRS 16 Under the Guidance of Metabolic Modeling
Authors: Dhakar Kusum , Zarecki Raphy , van Bommel Daniella , Knossow Nadav , Medina Shlomit , Öztürk Basak , Aly Radi , Eizenberg Hanan , Ronen Zeev , Freilich Shiri
Published: April 2021

Phenyl urea herbicides are being extensively used for weed control in both agricultural and non-agricultural applications. Linuron is one of the key herbicides in this family and is in wide use. Like other phenyl urea herbicides, it is known to have toxic effects as a result of its persistence in the environment. The natural removal of linuron from the environment is mainly carried through microbial biodegradation. Some microorganisms have been reported to mineralize linuron completely and utilize it as a carbon and nitrogen source. Variovorax sp. strain SRS 16 is one of the known efficient degraders with a recently sequenced genome. The genomic data provide an opportunity to use a genome-scale model for improving biodegradation. The aim of our study is the construction of a genome-scale metabolic model following automatic and manual protocols and its application for improving its metabolic potential through iterative simulations. Applying flux balance analysis (FBA), growth and degradation performances of SRS 16 in different media considering the influence of selected supplements (potential carbon and nitrogen sources) were simulated. Outcomes are predictions for the suitable media modification, allowing faster degradation of linuron by SRS 16. Seven metabolites were selected for in vitro validation of the predictions through laboratory experiments confirming the degradation-promoting effect of specific amino acids (glutamine and asparagine) on linuron degradation and SRS 16 growth. Overall, simulations are shown to be efficient in predicting the degradation potential of SRS 16 in the presence of specific supplements. The generated information contributes to the understanding of the biochemistry of linuron degradation and can be further utilized for the development of new cleanup solutions without any genetic manipulation.
Quantifying Scales of Spatial Variability of Cyanobacteria in a Large, Eutrophic Lake Using Multiplatform Remote Sensing Tools
Authors: Sharp Samantha L. , Forrest Alexander L. , Bouma-Gregson Keith , Jin Yufang , Cortés Alicia , Schladow S. Geoffrey
Published: April 2021

Harmful algal blooms of cyanobacteria are increasing in magnitude and frequency globally, degrading inland and coastal aquatic ecosystems and adversely affecting public health. Efforts to understand the structure and natural variability of these blooms range from point sampling methods to a wide array of remote sensing tools. This study aims to provide a comprehensive view of cyanobacterial blooms in Clear Lake, California — a shallow, polymictic, naturally eutrophic lake with a long record of episodic cyanobacteria blooms. To understand the spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of cyanobacterial blooms, we evaluated a satellite remote sensing tool for estimating coarse cyanobacteria distribution with coincident, in situ measurements at varying scales and resolutions. The Cyanobacteria Index (CI) remote sensing algorithm was used to estimate cyanobacterial abundance in the top portion of the water column from data acquired from the Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) sensor on the Sentinel-3a satellite. We collected hyperspectral data from a handheld spectroradiometer; discrete 1 m integrated surface samples for chlorophyll-a and phycocyanin; multispectral imagery from small Unmanned Aerial System (sUAS) flights (∼12 cm resolution); Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) measurements of chlorophyll-a, turbidity, and colored dissolved organic matter (∼10 cm horizontal spacing, 1 m below the water surface); and meteorological forcing and lake temperature data to provide context to our cyanobacteria measurements. A semivariogram analysis of the high resolution AUV and sUAS data found the Critical Scale of Variability for cyanobacterial blooms to range from 70 to 175 m, which is finer than what is resolvable by the satellite data. We thus observed high spatial variability within each 300 m satellite pixel. Finally, we used the field spectroscopy data to evaluate the accuracy of both the original and revised CI algorithm. We found the revised CI algorithm was not effective in estimating cyanobacterial abundance for our study site. Satellite-based remote sensing tools are vital to researchers and water managers as they provide consistent, high-coverage data at a low cost and sampling effort. The findings of this research support continued development and refinement of remote sensing tools, which are essential for satellite monitoring of harmful algal blooms in lakes and reservoirs.
Honey Bee Diversity Is Swayed by Migratory Beekeeping and Trade Despite Conservation Practices: Genetic Evidence for the Impact of Anthropogenic Factors on Population Structure
Authors: Kükrer Mert , Kence Meral , Kence Aykut
Published: April 2021

The intense admixture of honey bee (Apis melliferaL.) populations at a global scale is mostly attributed to the widespread migratory beekeeping practices and replacement of queens and colonies with non-native races or hybrids of different subspecies. These practices are also common in Anatolia and Thrace, but their influence on the genetic make-up of the five native subspecies of honey bees has not been explored. Here, we present an analysis of 30 microsatellite markers from honey bees from six different regions in Anatolia and Thrace (N= 250 samples), with the aim of comparing the impact of: (1) migratory beekeeping, (2) queen and colony trade, and (3) conservation efforts on the genetic structure of native populations. Populations exposed to migratory beekeeping showed less allegiance than stationary ones. We found genetic evidence for migratory colonies, acting as a hybrid zone mobile in space and time, becoming vectors of otherwise local gene combinations. The effect of honey bee trade leaves very high introgression levels in native honey bees. Despite their narrow geographic range, introgression occurs mainly with the highly commercial Caucasian bees. We also measured the direction and magnitude of gene flow associated with bee trade. A comparison between regions that are open and those closed to migratory beekeeping allowed the evaluation of conservation sites as centers with limited gene flow and demonstrated the importance of establishing such isolated regions. Despite evidence of gene flow, our findings confirm high levels of geographically structured genetic diversity in four subspecies of honey bees in Turkey and emphasize the need to develop policies to maintain this diversity. Our overall results are of interest to the wider scientific community studying anthropogenic effects on the population diversity of honey bees and other insects. Our findings on the effects of migratory beekeeping, replacement of queens and colonies have implications for the conservation of honey bees, other pollinators, and invertebrates, in general, and are informative for policy-makers and other stakeholders in Europe and beyond.
COVID-19 in Rural India, Algeria, and Morocco: A Feminist Analysis of Small-Scale Farmers' and Agricultural Laborers' Experiences and Inventive Practices
Authors: Leonardelli Irene , Bossenbroek Lisa , Ftouhi Hind , Kadiri Zakaria , Bhat Sneha , Kulkarni Seema , Hamamouche Meriem Farah , Saidani Mohamed Amine , Zwarteveen Margreet , Kemerink-Seyoum Jeltsje Sanne
Published: April 2021

In this paper we present a situated analysis of the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the life of small-scale farmers and agricultural laborers in India, Algeria, and Morocco. We draw on data collected through phone interviews since April 2020. Inspired by feminist scholars, we analyze our findings thinking with—and entangling—the concepts of intersectionality, resilience and care. We firstly document the material impacts of the lockdown measures, focusing particularly on the experiences of single women farmers and laborers, whose livelihood and well-being have been notably compromised. Secondly, we unfold how different agricultural actors have come up with inventive ways to respond to the unexpected situation which they are facing. In doing so, we highlight the importance of considering the multiple and entangled socionatural challenges, uncertainties, and marginalizations that different agricultural actors experience, as well as the transformative potential of their inventive practices, which are often motivated and informed by notions of care.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Induces Psoriatic Arthritis Flares and Enthesis Resident Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Type-1 Interferon Inhibition by JAK Antagonism Offer Novel Spondyloarthritis Pathogenesis Insights
Authors: Zhou Qiao , Vadakekolathu Jayakumar , Watad Abdulla , Sharif Kassem , Russell Tobias , Rowe Hannah , Khan Almas , Millner Peter A. , Loughenbury Peter , Rao Abhay , Dunsmuir Robert , Timothy Jake , Damiani Giovanni , Pigatto Paolo D. M. , Malagoli Piergiorgio , Banfi Giuseppe , El-Sherbiny Yasser M. , Bridgewood Charlie , McGonagle Dennis
Published: April 2021

Objective

Bacterial and viral infectious triggers are linked to spondyloarthritis (SpA) including psoriatic arthritis (PsA) development, likely via dendritic cell activation. We investigated spinal entheseal plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 and 9 activation and therapeutic modulation, including JAK inhibition. We also investigated if COVID-19 infection, a potent TLR-7 stimulator triggered PsA flares.

Methods

Normal entheseal pDCs were characterized and stimulated with imiquimod and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) to evaluate TNF and IFNα production. NanoString gene expression assay of total pDCs RNA was performed pre- and post- ODN stimulation. Pharmacological inhibition of induced IFNα protein was performed with Tofacitinib and PDE4 inhibition. The impact of SARS-CoV2 viral infection on PsA flares was evaluated.

Results

CD45+HLA-DR+CD123+CD303+CD11c- entheseal pDCs were more numerous than blood pDCs (1.9 ± 0.8% vs 0.2 ± 0.07% of CD45+ cells, p=0.008) and showed inducible IFNα and TNF protein following ODN/imiquimod stimulation and were the sole entheseal IFNα producers. NanoString data identified 11 significantly upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including TNF in stimulated pDCs. Canonical pathway analysis revealed activation of dendritic cell maturation, NF-κB signaling, toll-like receptor signaling and JAK/STAT signaling pathways following ODN stimulation. Both tofacitinib and PDE4i strongly attenuated ODN induced IFNα. DAPSA scores elevations occurred in 18 PsA cases with SARS-CoV2 infection (9.7 ± 4 pre-infection and 35.3 ± 7.5 during infection).

Conclusion

Entheseal pDCs link microbes to TNF/IFNα production. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with PsA Flares and JAK inhibition suppressed activated entheseal plasmacytoid dendritic Type-1 interferon responses as pointers towards a novel mechanism of PsA and SpA-related arthropathy.