bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistic inhibitory effect of scopoletin and bisdemethoxycurcumin on Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Zhang Yong-qiang , Yang Zhen-guo , Ding Wei , Luo Jin-Xiang
Published: January 2016

The study aimed to investigate the synergistic activity of scopoletin and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) against the carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus. The acaricidal activities of mixtures of scopoletin and BDMC against T. cinnabarinus female adults were measured via slide dipping and leaf disc dipping. A mathematical model was established by SPSS software. Bioassays for multiple effects including contact, ovicidal, cowpea root intake, repellency and oviposition inhibitory activity were carried out. The optimal mass ratio of the mixture of scopoletin and BDMC (at their respective LC50), the median lethal concentration (LC50) and the co-toxicity coefficient were 7:6, 0.19 mg/mL and 129, respectively. LC50 values of contact activities of the mixture at optimal ratio against adults, nymphs, larvae, and eggs were 0.19, 0.18, 0.06, and 1.52 mg/mL, respectively. LC50 values of cowpea root intake activity against adults and nymphs were 5.62 and 6.52 mg/mL, respectively. The highest repellent rates against adults and nymphs were 69.5% and 72.5%, respectively. The mixture of scopoletin and BDMC at the optimal mass ratio possessed strong acaricidal activity against T. cinnabarinus at various developmental stages.
Marxismo y ciencia ficción
Authors: Alfaro Vargas Roy
Published: January 2016

Este artículo analiza la relación entre el marxismo y la ciencia ficción, alrededor del concepto de novum y del proceso de extrañamiento cognitivo, que definen la ciencia ficción. Este artículo estudia la teoría y práctica de la ciencia ficción, en la medida que la ciencia ficción es una manifestación de la teoría crítica y, por ende, como parte de una ontología de la congruencia y de la crítica social. Además, se establece una crítica de la ciencia ficción actual que está ligada al neolibe- ralismo y al proyecto educativo del Banco Mundial.
Concurrent Ulcerative Colitis and Neurofibromatosis Type 1: The Question of a Common Pathway
Authors: Adams William , Mitchell Lisa , Candelaria-Santiago Roberto , Hefner Jody , Gramling Joseph
Published: January 2016

Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are prone to the development of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, which may present clinically with hematochezia, obstruction, or abdominal pain. These symptoms are also commonly associated with the presentation of ulcerative colitis (UC). Within the past 5 years, there have been 2 reports of concurrent NF1 and UC and a common pathophysiologic pathway involving mast cells has been postulated. We present the case of a 15-year-old boy with a known history of NF1 who presented with 3 months of hematochezia and loose stools. A colonoscopy revealed pancolitis and histology demonstrating acute cryptitis, focal crypt abscesses, and architectural distortion consistent with UC. Due to the paucity of reported cases, the findings of both diseases in the same individual could reasonably be discounted as coincidence. However, in light of increasing reports of concurrent NF1 and UC, advances in characterizing the microenvironment within neurofibromas, and recent findings regarding potential shared genetic susceptibility, it is increasingly possible that the proposed common pathway is accurate. Our case adds to the literature and underscores the need for further investigation.
Further notes on the morphology and distribution of Neopaxillus echinospermus (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in Southern Brazil
Authors: Silva-Filho Alexandre Gonçalves dos Santos , Coelho Gilberto , Cortez Vagner Gularte
Published: January 2016

Neopaxillus echinospermus is a common but poorly understood agaric species from South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay). In this paper, we discuss conflicting morphological features reported in the literature and expand the distribution of the species to Seasonal Deciduous and Semideciduous Forests from Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná states, respectively, in Southern Brazil. Hyphal structure of the pileipellis, presence of cheilocystidia and caulocystidia, presence of clamp connections and oleiferous (thrombopleurous) hyphae, and the basidiospore morphology under scanning electron microscopy are illustrated and discussed in detail.
Acad. Solomon Marcus at 85 Years (A Selective Bio-bibliography)
Authors: Filip F. G. , Dzitac I.
Published: January 2016

Professor Solomon Marcus is one of the seniors of the Romanian science and culture, with a tremendously diverse and intensive activity, with numerous, fundamental, and many times pioneering contributions to mathematics, mathematical linguistics, formal language theory, semiotics, education, and to other areas, with an impressive internal and international impact and recognition, since several decades very actively involved in the scientific and cultural life – and still as active as ever at his age. That is why the short presentation below is by no means complete, it is only a way to pay our homage to him at his 85th birthday anniversary.
 We are honored and we thank to professor Solomon Marcus for having the kindness to publish, in the first issue of this journal, an article occasioned by the Moisil centenary1.
Middleware for Smart Environments Management
Authors: Anghel Ionut , Cioara Tudor , Salomie Ioan , Dinsoreanu Mihaela , Rarau Anca
Published: January 2016

This paper introduces a self-configuring middleware that manages the processes of context information acquisition and representation from smart closed environments, targeting the development of context aware applications. The environment context information is modeled using three sets: context resources, context actors and context policies. The context model artifacts are generated and administrated at run time by a management infrastructure based on intelligent software agents. The self-configuring property is enforced by monitoring the closed environment in order to detect variations or conditions for which the context model artifacts must be updated. The middleware was tested and validated within the premises of our Distributed Systems Research Laboratory smart environment.
EWMA Algorithm in Network Practice
Authors: Cisar Petar , Bošnjak Saša , Maravic Cisar Sanja
Published: January 2016

Intrusion detection is used to monitor and capture intrusions into computer and network systems which attempt to compromise their security. Many intrusions manifest in changes in the intensity of events occuring in computer networks. Because of the ability of exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts to monitor the rate of occurrences of events based on their intensity, this technique is appropriate for implementation in control limits based algorithms. The paper also gives a review of a possible optimization method. The validation check of results will be performed on authentic network samples.
Synthetic Genes for Artificial Ants. Diversity in Ant Colony Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Negulescu Sorin C. , Dzitac Ioan , Lascu Alina E.
Published: January 2016

Inspired from the fact that the real world ants from within a colony are not clones (although they may look alike, they are different from one another), in this paper, the authors are presenting an adapted ant colony optimisation (ACO) algorithm that incorporates methods and ideas from genetic algorithms (GA). Following the first (introductory) section of the paper is presented the history and the state of the art, beginning with the stigmergy and genetic concepts and ending with the latest ACO algorithm variants as multiagent systems (MAS). The rationale and the approach sections are aiming at presenting the problems with current stigmergy-based algorithms and at proposing a (possible - yet to be fully verified) solution to some of the problems ("synthetic genes" for artificial ants). A model used for validating the proposed solution is presented in the next section together with some preliminary simulation results. Some of the conclusions regarding the main subject of the paper (synthetic genes: agents within the MAS with different behaviours) that are closing the paper are: a) the convergence speed of the ACO algorithms can be improved using this approach; b) these "synthetic genes" can be easily implemented (as local variables or properties of the agents); c) the MAS is self-adapting to the specific problem that needs to be optimized.
Implementing Web Services Using Java Technology
Authors: Pirnau Mironela
Published: January 2016

There are several essential activities that need to take place in any service-oriented environment such as: a Web service has to be created, to have its interfaces and invocation methods defined, its service has to be published to one or more intranet or Internet repositories to locate potential users. A Web service needs to be located in order to invoke potential different users. The technologies offered by Web Services enable us to cast older applications, we can use them and the packages already existing in a certain enterprise. The infrastructure associated with older applications can also be wrapped as a serial set of services. In the following pages I tried to present general characteristics of the Web services up to present, as well as the usage of Java technologies for the implementation of web services. The present paper targets a systematisation of the main web services, as well as highlighting and testing the most important technologies used to develop them.
Introducing Collaborative Practices in Small Medium Enterprises
Authors: Antonelli Dario , Chiabert Paolo
Published: January 2016

In an enterprise, collaborative working schemes are obtained only by adopting a suitable organization of the enterprise functions. At the informative level collaboration can be enabled by using suitable project management tools for the exchange of information that is the basis of collaboration. One of these tools is Product Lifecycle Management (PLM). On the basis of an exhaustive analysis of the PLM impact on the different aspects of the enterprise, the paper proposes an original methodology to evaluate the possibility of using PLM as framework in which exploit collaboration links within the enterprise. The methodology is not founded on the formal declared organization but on the actual data flows that are induced by the relations among the documents used to develop a project. Data are collected on the field using questionnaires. The links are made explicit by applying the hierarchical clustering with single linkage agglomerative technique. The attitude to the implementation of PLM is then analysed with respect to the organization and to the informative system. Such methodology is general and can be profitably applied to assist the PLM implementation in the enterprises.
Plantas trepadeiras do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (São Paulo, Brasil)
Authors: Villagra Berta Lúcia Pereira , Romaniuc Neto Sergio
Published: January 2016

O presente trabalho objetivou inventariar o componente de trepadeiras em fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Densa do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga. As coletas ocorreram entre janeiro de 2006 e junho de 2007. Foram encontradas 187 espécies, distribuídas em 109 gêneros, pertencentes a 32 famílias. Foi elaborada chave para determinação das espécies, além de ilustrações e descrições sucintas. As famílias com maior riqueza específica foram Fabaceae (21), Bignoniaceae (20) e Asteraceae (20). Os gêneros com maior riqueza em número de espécies foram Mikania e Passiflora, ambos com 12 espécies. A adaptação volúvel foi a mais frequente, ocorrendo em 40,8% das espécies. A riqueza de espécies trepadeiras encontradas na área estudada é semelhante àquela de áreas contínuas de Floresta Ombrófila Densa, ressaltando a importância e necessidade de conservação de fragmentos florestais isolados para as trepadeiras.
Novos registros de Nitella (Chlorophyta, Characeae) para regiões dos Estados de Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Bueno Norma Catarina , Meurer Thamis , Biolo Stefania , Bicudo Carlos Eduardo de Mattos
Published: January 2016

As Charophyceae (Chlorophyta) representam uma classe única de algas devido à sua estrutura vegetativa e porte macroscópico dos gametângios. O inventário florístico do gênero Nitella (Characeae, Chlorophyta) nos Estados de Mato Grosso (18º55'05"S e 54º50'39"W) e Mato Grosso do Sul (19º12'03"S e 57º35'32"W), foi realizado a partir da análise espécimes provenientes dos herbários SP, HMS e CPAP e resultou na identificação, descrição e ilustração de sete espécies: Nitella acuminata, N. axillaris, N. flagellifera, N. gollmeriana, N. intermedia, N. mucronata e N. tenuissima.
FEI Titan 80-300 TEM
Authors: Thust Andreas , Barthel Juri , Tillmann Karsten
Published: January 2016

The FEI Titan 80-300 TEM is a high-resolution transmission electron microscope equipped with a field emission gun and a corrector for the spherical aberration (CS) of the imaging lens system. The instrument is designed for the investigation of a wide range of solid state phenomena taking place on the atomic scale, which requires true atomic resolution capabilities. Under optimum optical settings of the image CS-corrector (CEOS CETCOR) the point-resolution is extended up to the information limit of well below 100 pm with 200 keV and 300 keV electrons. A special piezo-stage design allows ultra-precise positioning of the specimen in all 3 dimensions. Digital images are acquired with a Gatan 2k x 2k slow-scan charged coupled device camera.
Analysis of the influence of various factors on the course of neurological disorders in children with spinal cord injury
Authors: Baindurashvili Alexei Georgievich , Solokhina Irina Yurievna , Kokushin Dmitriy Nikolaevich , Belyanchikov Sergei Mikhailovich
Published: January 2016

Background. The study of the influence of various factors on the course of recovery of neurological disorders in children with spinal cord injuries is an important and relevant problem. The main causes of thoracic and lumbar injuries of the spine in children are road accidents and catatraumas. Anatomical and physiological features of the spine and spinal cord in children have a significant influence on the nature of spinal cord injury, clinical manifestations of the injury, and method of treatment. The degree of spinal canal deformity at the level of the damaged segment is directly proportional to the severity of the neurological disorder. The time between injury to when surgery is performed will strongly influence the nature and course of recovery of motor functions. Aim. To assess the influence of different factors in pediatric patients with complicated injuries of the spine at the thoracic and thoracolumbar levels on the recovery of neurological disorders. Materials and methods. The analysis of results of the surgical treatment of 36 children (24 boys and 12 girls) aged 3-17 years with damage to the spine and spinal cord in the thoracic spine and thoracolumbar junction, accompanied with neurological deficit in the form of central or peripheral paresis and paralysis, was performed. All patients underwent surgical intervention depending on the type and extent of damage. Clinical methods (i.e., detailed neurological examination) as well as X-ray, CT, and MRI were used as diagnostic methods. Results. The study revealed that the most severe damage concerning neurological disorders in children with spinal cord injury occurs in the thoracic spine. The extent of neurological changes depends not only on the level of damage to the spinal column but also on the magnitude of spinal canal stenosis. Surgery performed in the first hours of the injury leads to a more rapid and full recovery of the neurological deficit. Conclusion. Therefore, this study found that several factors influence the recovery of neurological disorders in children with spinal cord injury: timing of surgery, localization of the injury, spinal stenosis, the nature of lesions of the spinal cord, and the elements involved.
Large and giant melanocytic nevi of the maxillofacial area in children: features of the morphological structure and surgical treatment
Authors: Usoltseva Anna Sergeevna , Stepanova Yulia Vladimirovna , Krasnogorskiy Ivan Nikolaevich , Tsyplakova Margarita Sergeevna
Published: January 2016

Background. Congenital melanocytic nevus is a benign pigmented neoplasm composed of nevus cells that clinically manifest at birth. When choosing a treatment for nevi, the possibility of recurrence as well as the threat of tumor malignancy should be considered. The aim of this work is to justify the surgical removal of a large and giant nevi of the face as a method of treatment justified by the pathomorphological structure. Materials and Methods. In 40 children of different ages born with large and giant nevi of the face, we used various types of plastic surgery to eliminate any defects formed after the excised nevi. We accounted for the features of the maxillofacial area: local plasty, expander dermotension, and transplantation of free skin grafts. We performed a total of 68 surgical interventions. Sixteen patients underwent the surgery once and 24 patients underwent secondary surgery (from 2 to 4). We also developed a scheme of the staged surgical treatments and conservative methods. Results. All patients had stable positive results that were studied by comparing the outcomes of different surgical treatment options and accounting for various morphological characteristics of the removed nevi.
Scientometric Analysis of Autism Research Output during 2007-2011
Authors: Jeyshankar R. , Vellaichamy A.
Published: January 2016

In the present study, we attempt to analyse 13079 global literature on Autism, indexed in Scopus database during 2007-11. Totally 70 countries contributed to the literature, majority of the papers coming from USA (49.24%), followed by United Kingdom (15.61%), Germany (4.93%) etc. The study analysed that Indian scientists together have published 134 papers on Autism research during 2007-11. India ranks 17th among the other countries in Autism research with a global publications share of 1.01% during 2007-11. In depth, this study analysed that majority of the publications are published in the form of articles (64.76%) and majority (79%) of the scientists preferred to publish their research papers in joint authorship. The study also analysed that majority of the autism research appeared in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (7.19%) followed by Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders (2.34%) and Autism (1.87%). "Nature" has highest number of citations (822) followed by "Science" (717) and "Annals of the New York Academy of Science" (628).
An Analytical Approach to User Based Studies of Five JNV's Libraries of West Bengal:Stark Realities
Authors: Chakrabarti Abhijit , Sardar Sudin Kumar
Published: January 2016

User study needs a significant amount of time and effort. The understanding of user's behavior may be achieved through a particular user study. The paper discusses the prerequisite of user study in the recent information technology enabled environment where libraries have to face a great challenge. The present study covers five selected Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas of West Bengal situated in Howrah, Mursidabad, Durgapur, Nadia and Bankura. The main objective of JNV's Library is to computerize library operations and services and to develop library infrastructure for providing equitable services to all of its students and staff of JNVs. Libraries serve as a center for providing the right information to the right people at all times. Evaluation of the library and information services is one of the major concerns and an integral part of library and information science practitioners. User studies are to be recognized as an important part of the information packages. Information providers like the library and information centers need to be aware of their users' information requirements as well as their information seeking and information retrieving methods in order that they might be able to provide better services. This paper presents the library services and its users in JNVs Libraries. This study examines several aspects of library use, including frequency of visiting the library, user satisfaction from library services and library collection. The study also covers the use of computer base services in the library. Some suggestions are also provided on the basis of study for enhancing the user satisfaction level. The understanding of user behavior that can be gained through a particular user study must be valuable enough, in terms of improving the practice of library professionals. A rationale for evidence based librarianship, based on studies of user behaviors and the information needs that motivate those behaviors will be presented. This paper undertakes to study the library services and its user's behavior in JNV libraries.
Book Review
Authors: Singh Prerna
Published: January 2016

No Abstract.
Nutritional predictors of mortality in prevalent peritoneal dialysis patients.
Authors: Malgorzewicz Sylwia , Chmielewski Michal , Kaczkan Malgorzata , Borek Paulina , Lichodziejewska-Niemierko Monika , Rutkowski Boleslaw
Published: January 2016

Malnutrition remains one of the major predictors of mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritional status of prevalent PD patients, and to determine the best predictors of outcome among anthropometric and laboratory indices of nutrition. The study included 106 prevalent PD patients from a single university-based unit. Anthropometric assessment at baseline included: body mass, body mass index (BMI), skinfold thickness, lean body mass (LBM), content of body fat (%F), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC). Laboratory analysis comprised of albumin and total cholesterol. Additionally, each patient underwent a subjective global assessment (SGA). The patients were followed for 36 months. Survival analyses were made with the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and the Cox proportional hazard model. Following SGA, malnutrition was diagnosed in 30 (28%) patients. Importantly, eight of the malnourished patients (27%) were nevertheless overweight or obese. Body weight and BMI showed complete lack of association with the outcome. In Kaplan-Meier analysis low: LBM, MAMC, albumin and cholesterol were significantly related to mortality. Cox analysis revealed that, following adjustment, LBM below median was independently associated with poor outcome (hazard ratio [HR] 3.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-8.49, p=0.02). Moreover, the lowest quartile of total cholesterol showed independent association with mortality (HR 8.68, CI 2.14-35.21, p
REDE DE APOIO SOCIAL FAMILIAR E A PROMOÇÃO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO INFANTIL
Authors: Silveira Aline Oliveira , Bernardes Rafaella Costa , Wernet Monika , Pontes Tatiana Barcelos , Silva Aline Araújo de Oliveira
Published: January 2016

Este estudo teve por objetivo descrever a percepção da família sobre os vínculos, a rede e o apoio socialpara cuidado e promoção do desenvolvimento da criança menor de cinco anos de idade. Para tanto,entrevistou-se sete famílias em vulnerabilidade social vinculadas ao sistema de saúde do Distrito Federal.Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, descritivo, sob o referencial da teoria de Rede Social Sistêmica. A análisedas narrativas deu-se pelo método qualitativo de análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados foramcategorizados sob dois temas: “rede social familiar” e “vínculos e apoio social: percepção da família”. Arede social utilizada é mínima, centrada na densidade das relações entre mãe, criança e avó, sob osustento financeiro do pai. Há proximidade da moradia ao serviço de saúde, porém dissonânciasculturais nas relações com seus profissionais. Os profissionais de saúde precisam integrar em suaspráticas o contexto microssocial e macrossocial das famílias enquanto determinantes das condições desaúde e de desenvolvimento infantil.Descritores: Família; Desenvolvimento infantil; Apoio social; Vulnerabilidade social.
SERVIÇO SOCIAL E EDUCAÇÃO PERMANENTE EM SAÚDE: A POTENCIALIDADE PARA INTEGRAÇÃO ENSINO-SERVIÇO
Authors: Sarreta Fernanda de Oliveira , Eto Fumie , Brentini Daiane Cristina dos Santos , Nogueira Danielle de Oliveira , Bisco Gabriela Cristina Braga
Published: January 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo propiciar reflexão acerca da educação permanente em saúde (EPS),estratégia adotada no Sistema Único de Saúde para a formação e o trabalho em saúde. A partir dacontribuição do método dialético, o estudo bibliográfico, a coleta de dados em grupo focal e aobservação em campo, busca-se compreender o enfrentamento dos limites e as alternativas dossujeitos no cenário contemporâneo - estudantes de serviço social e trabalhadores de saúde. Osresultados revelam que a EPS é de difícil exercício, já que busca a ruptura com práticas verticalizadas eo compromisso ético e político com a saúde pública e, coloca em foco, os valores e concepções sobre ocontexto onde se gestam as políticas públicas, o sistema capitalista. Considera-se que a estratégiapotencializa a integração ensino-serviço e a busca de respostas coletivas aos problemas.Descritores: Serviço Social; Política de saúde; Educação permanente.
DIAGNÓSTICO E TRATAMENTO DA SÍNDROME DA ARDÊNCIA BUCAL
Authors: Borges Guilherme Henrique , Araujo Marcelo Sivieri
Published: January 2016

O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre os fatores associados aodiagnóstico e tratamento da síndrome de ardência bucal (SAB) que o cirurgião-dentista deveestar apto a reconhecer. As bases de dados consideradas foram: PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS eSCIELO no período de 2000 a 2014, com uso de descritores ligados a SAB. Foram encontrados25 artigos e os resultados mostraram duas categorias - Diagnóstico do SAB e Tratamento doSAB. Verificaram-se diversas modalidades terapêuticas, porém estas são paliativas, na qual aassociação de transtorno psicológico, depressão e ansiedade nos pacientes é um achadocomum. Novos estudos são necessários para a elucidação da patogênese da SAB, a fim deproporcionar melhor qualidade de vida para os pacientes, e um maior conhecimento dasmodalidades de manejo e tratamento.Descritores: Diagnóstico; Síndrome da ardência bucal; Terapêutica.
APRENDIZAGEM E DESENVOLVIMENTO: EVENTOS INSTRUCIONAIS EM UM CURSO DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO
Authors: Scorsolini-Comin Fabio , Dos Santos Manoel Antônio
Published: January 2016

O objetivo do estudo foi delinear as principais contribuições da teoria da aprendizagem de RobertGagné para a educação à distância, a partir da análise dos eventos instrucionais de um curso depós-graduação lato sensu. A estratégia metodológica foi o estudo de caso. Os nove eventosinstrucionais propostos pelo modelo foram analisados a partir de elementos do curso de pósgraduação,como material didático, modelo pedagógico, ferramentas de aprendizagem, avaliação etransferência. Os resultados destacaram a importância dos feedbacks coletivos para orientar osalunos e da transferência da aprendizagem para contextos vinculados à prática em gestão social.Conclui-se que os eventos instrucionais constituem recursos potenciais para a organização demodelos instrucionais à distância, agregando qualidade ao ensino e favorecendo aprendizagensque promovam transformações no desenvolvimento dos alunos.Descritores: Aprendizagem; Educação de pós-graduação; Educação à distância.
Media Representations of Policies Concerning Education Access and their Roles in Seven First Nations Students’ Deaths in Northern Ontario
Authors: Gardam Kevin , Giles Audrey R
Published: January 2016

We employed postcolonial theory, a case study methodology, and critical discourse analysis to investigate the ways in which non-First Nations and First Nations news sources produced understandings of the role(s) that education policies may have played in the deaths of seven First Nations students in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. We found that national non-First Nations media sources produced the discourse that First Nations peoples require federal government policy as a form of intervention in their lives. Further, we found that though these media sources focused on criticizing the present state of First Nations education, they ignored the colonial processes and policies that contributed to a situation that resulted in the students attending high school in Thunder Bay, rather than their home communities. First Nations and local (Thunder Bay) non-First Nations media sources, however, emphasized the need for greater cooperation between the Canadian government and First Nations peoples to resolve the long-standing policy issues that continue to affect First Nations youth and their education in northern Ontario. These findings point to important differences in the ways in which various forms of media cover First Nations policy issues.
Theorists and Techniques: Connecting Education Theories to Lamaze Teaching Techniques
Authors: Podgurski Mary Jo
Published: January 2016

Should childbirth educators connect education theory to technique? Is there more to learning about theorists than memorizing facts for an assessment? Are childbirth educators uniquely poised to glean wisdom from theorists and enhance their classes with interactive techniques inspiring participant knowledge and empowerment? Yes, yes, and yes. This article will explore how an awareness of education theory can enhance retention of material through interactive learning techniques. Lamaze International childbirth classes already prepare participants for the childbearing year by using positive group dynamics; theory will empower childbirth educators to address education through well-studied avenues. Childbirth educators can provide evidence-based learning techniques in their classes and create true behavioral change.
Comparison of Corn, Grain Sorghum, Soybean, and Sunflower under Limited Irrigation
Authors: Schlegel Alan J. , Assefa Yared , O'Brien Dan , Lamm Freddie R. , Haag Lucas A. , Stone Loyd R.
Published: January 2016

Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] constitute a large share of the annual total irrigated planted area in the central Great Plains. This study aimed to determine the effect of limited irrigation on grain yield, water use, and profitability of corn and soybean in comparison with two crops commonly grown in water‐limited environments (grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] and sunflower [Helianthus annuus L.]). The study was conducted at Tribune, KS, from 2001 to 2008, with a mean April to October rainfall of 390 mm. Treatments were a complete factorial of four crops and three irrigation levels: 127, 254, and 381 mm. At all irrigation levels, the mean grain yield of corn was greater than that of grain sorghum, followed by soybean and sunflower. The grain yield of sorghum, soybean, and sunflower was 19%, 16%, and 33%, greater, respectively, at 254 mm than at 127 mm irrigation, but similar for the 254 and 381 mm irrigation levels. Corn grain yield was 49% greater with 254 mm than with 127 mm irrigation and increased by an additional 17% under 381 mm irrigation. Available soil water in the 0‐ to 30‐cm soil depth at harvest was ∼19 mm for corn and ∼31 mm for sorghum. Under limited irrigation conditions (127 mm), we have concluded that producers have multiple crop choices (corn, sorghum, soybean, or sunflower) with small yield and economic differences and, at higher irrigation levels (254 and 381 mm), a relative yield and economic advantage for corn.
Cotton Yield and Potassium Use Efficiency as Affected by Potassium Fertilizer Management with Stalks Returned to Field
Authors: Yang Fuqiang , Du Mingwei , Tian Xiaoli , Eneji A. Egrinya , Li Zhaohu
Published: January 2016

Widespread potassium (K) deficiencies in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) have been documented throughout cotton producing countries. Potassium fertilizer is needed for high production of cotton yield. This study was conducted to determine whether K fertilizer management can improve efficiency of K nutrition in cotton. The effects of K source, rate, and application timing on yield and K use efficiency of cotton were investigated under conditions of cotton‐stalk recycling to the field in the North China Plain (NCP). The results showed that there was no significant difference in yield between K sources of K2SO4and KCl. However, we found that the low rate produced a 2 to 4% higher K agronomic efficiency (AEK) and a 12 to 93% higher K apparent recovery efficiency (REK) than the other rates, although there was little difference in yield among different K rates (45, 90, and 180 kg K2O ha−1). In addition, our results of application timing showed that the later split application at peak bloom acquired the highest lint yield as well as a 35 to 103% higher AEK and 23 to 58% higher REK than the earlier split application at peak squaring and full dose at preplanting. In conclusion, KCl should be the preferred K source because of its lower cost and fair effect on yield compared with K2SO4. The 45 kg K2O ha−1of K rates is adequate for cotton in the NCP. The later split application of K at peak bloom is the best timing of K fertilizer for cotton yield and K use efficiency.
Combining Ability of Ginning Rate and Net Ginning Energy Requirement in Upland Cotton
Authors: Bechere Efrem , Zeng L. , Hardin R.G.
Published: January 2016

Combining ability describes the breeding value of parental lines to produce hybrids. The objectives of this study were to estimate specific (SCA) and general combining ability (GCA) for ginning rate and net ginning energy requirement in a set of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm. Ginning efficiency was based on measurements of ginning energy (watt hour [Wh] kg−1 lint) and ginning rate (g lint s−1). There is little information in the scientific literature on this topic. Crosses were made in a 5 × 8 factorial design between five female and eight male diverse cotton genotypes. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete plot design. Analysis of variance was performed using a mixed model of the GLM procedures. Even though the study indicated the presence of both additive (GCA) and nonadditive (SCA) genes controlling these traits, a preponderance of the GCA effects was evident. The cotton genotype MD 25 had the highest GCA effect for ginning rate, and AR 9317‐26 had the highest significant negative GCA effect for net ginning energy. For lowering fuzz percentage, any of the seminaked seed lines (AR 9317‐26, Tejas NS, SC 9023 NS) can be exploited. This study and other previous studies showed significant positive correlation of fuzz percentage with net ginning energy. For cultivar development, cross JJ 1145ne × SC 9023 NS may be used for improving ginning rate, crosses FM 832 × Tejas NS and JJ 1145ne × SG 747 can be used for reducing fuzz percentage, and the hybrid Phytogen 72 × TAM 98‐99ne can be exploited for improving all three traits.
Potential Molecular Markers Associated with Tuber Calcium Content in Wild Potato Germplasm
Authors: Chung Yong Suk , Palta Jiwan , Bamberg John , Jansky Shelley
Published: January 2016

High tuber Ca is associated with a reduced incidence of disease and physiological disorders in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). However, genetic variation for tuber Ca content in cultivated potato is low, limiting opportunities to study the genetic basis of this trait. We used wild germplasm to develop a population segregating for tuber Ca concentration. The high‐Ca‐accumulating potato wild relative S. microdontum Bitter (clone M15) was crossed to low‐Ca‐accumulating S. kurtzianum Bitter & Wittm. (clone K12) and 12 F1 individuals were intercrossed to create a segregating population. Significant variation in tuber Ca content was found in this population, and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were tested for association with tuber Ca content. Twelve of 42 SSRs tested were associated with tuber Ca content. SSR4743 on chromosome 7 was found to be linked to a cation exchanger‐like (CAX3‐like) gene known to be involved with Ca uptake in plants. This SSR may be used to develop a molecular marker to identify tubers with high Ca levels.
Combination of Null, Variant, and Mutant Wx Alleles in Common Wheat Leads to Amylose Variations Ranging from Waxy to Normal
Authors: Yamamori Makoto , Yasui Takeshi
Published: January 2016

The apparent amylose contents due to five variant or mutant Wx alleles (Wx‐A1c, ‐A1i, ‐D1f, ‐D1 g, and ‐D1h) in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were analyzed. The Wx gene encodes the granule‐bound starch synthase that produces amylose in grain starch. One wheat line was used for each Wx genotype and the genetic backgrounds of the lines were not identical. The wheat lines were ranked, from lowest apparent amylose content to highest, as follows: waxy Bandowase (Wx‐A1b, ‐B1b, ‐D1b, abbreviated as bbb), Tanikei A6599‐4 (bbf), Wx‐A1i (ibb), Wx‐A1c (cbb), K107Afpp4 (bbg), Tanikei A6099 (bbh), Wx‐A1a (abb), Wx‐D1a (bba), and Bandowase (aaa, normal amylose level: approximately 30%). The blue value and λmax of the lines were largely consistent with their rank based on apparent amylose content. A line carrying two variant alleles (ibf) produced an apparent amylose content between those of Wx‐A1i (ibb) and Wx‐A1c (cbb), and a line with cbf produced an apparent amylose content between those of Wx‐A1c and Wx‐A1a (abb). Other studies have reported that five genotypes exist between abb and aaa. Although we used only one line for each genotype, the amylose contents of wheat developed using three null and five variant Wx alleles should range from waxy in bbb to normal in aaa with approximate continuity. The mutant allele Wx‐D1g carried a C‐to‐T mutation, which changed proline to leucine at the C terminus of the protein. This explains the decrease in amylose content caused by the Wx‐D1g allele.
Tester Effect on Combining Ability and Its Relationship with Line Performance per se for Grain Iron and Zinc Densities in Pearl Millet
Authors: Kanatti Anand , Rai Kedar Nath , Radhika Kommineni , Govindaraj Mahalingam
Published: January 2016

Development of inbred lines with high general combining ability (GCA) is an important aspect of hybrid breeding research. Although broad‐based open‐pollinated populations (varieties and composites) are widely used to assess GCA of inbred lines and population progenies, identification of the most effective testers has remained a continuing challenge. Two broad‐based and diverse populations of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] were crossed with 14 diverse inbred lines in each of two experiments to produce 56 topcross hybrids, which were evaluated along with their parental lines for grain Fe and Zn densities. Results showed that there was highly significant and moderately high positive correlation between the topcross hybrid performance per se (a measure of GCA) produced with the two testers, both for Fe and Zn densities in both experiments. However, the correlation between performance per se of lines and their topcross hybrids averaged over both testers (giving more reliable estimates of GCA than individual testers) was even higher for both micronutrients and in both experiments. Thus, while each tester was effective in identifying 30 to 35% of the top‐ranking high general combiners as reflected in topcross hybrid performance, line performance per se was even more effective in identifying these top‐ranking combiners for both micronutrients in both experiments, indicating that based on performance per se lines can be selected for high GCA of Fe and Zn densities in pearl millet.
Long-term changes of the ice regime of rivers in Latvia
Authors: Latkovska Inese , Apsīte Elga , Elferts Didzis
Published: January 2016

The ice regime of rivers is considered a sensitive indicator of climate change. This paper summarises the results of research on the long-term changes in the ice regime parameters under changing climate conditions and their regional peculiarities in Latvia from 1945 to 2012. The ice cover duration on Latvian rivers has decreased during recent decades. The research results demonstrated that there is a positive trend as regards the formation of the ice cover and in 31.8% of the cases the trend is statistically significant at p < 0.05. As regards the breaking up of ice, there is a statistically significant negative trend in 93.2% of the cases at p < 0.05. This indicates an earlier ice break-up date, which in turn, displays a strong correlation with the increase of the air temperature. The same pattern applies to the reduction of the length of ice cover (a statistically significant trend in 86.4% of the cases at p < 0.05). In approximately 60% of the cases, there is a statistically significant reduction of the ice thickness. The estimated winter severity index indicates warmer winters over the last 20 years as well as regional differences in the west–east direction.
Assessment of the feasibility of floodwater utilization in North-East China
Authors: Liu Jianwei , Kou Limin , Zhou Qiang
Published: January 2016

In order to alleviate the water supply–demand problem, a flood resource utilization strategy is proposed, called ‘Flood Utilization’. The strategy focuses on building large-scale water conservancy facilities and improving management measures. This paper presents the probability analysis of floodwater utilization in a confluence area, where a tributary joins a main river. Baicheng is used as the study area, where the Taoer River joins the Nenjiang River. After a large number of analyses, the main results and conclusions are as follows: First, the upper limit of available floodwater corresponds to the Taoer River's flood with a 5% probability of occurrence. Secondly, there are compensation characteristics between the two rivers which mean that the Nenjiang River can supply water to the Taoer River area. The analysis of monthly runoff, shows that there are compensation characteristics in 50.9% of the data period. The compensation rates (CRs) for the months from June to October are 0.2, 0.27, 0.25, 0.27, and 0.2, respectively. Thirdly, the differences in the runoff characteristics show that it is suitable for floodwater utilization. Finally, it is proposed that floodwater utilization measures are based on local conditions, such as the regional water storage characteristics and the runoff characteristics of the two rivers, and should be applied for different periods.
The determinants of two-dimensional service quality in the drinking water sector – evidence from Colombia
Authors: Li Fan , Wang Wei , Gutiérrez Ramírez Luis Hernando
Published: January 2016

Quality of drinking water service is considered in two dimensions: tangibles (measured by sediment, taste, smell, and color) and reliability (measured by service continuity). Using a large and unique household-level dataset, we study important factors that are related to these dimensions in the Colombian drinking water sector. Based on the network design of pumping, purification, and delivery, our main findings are: (1) compared to users who do not receive a subsidy for water consumption, users who receive a subsidy report less reliable service while tangibles of water quality do not show significant difference between the reports of these two types of users; and (2) compared to water supplied by public providers, water supplied by community providers shows worse tangibles, while service reliability does not show significant difference between these two types of providers. These results suggest that Colombia water reform should not only aim to expand service and prompt water usage for the poor, but also strengthen quality control in multiple dimensions.
Design of a generalized predictive controller for a biological wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Sadeghassadi M. , Macnab C. J. B. , Westwick D.
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a generalized predictive control (GPC) technique to regulate the activated sludge process found in a bioreactor used in wastewater treatment. The control strategy can track dissolved oxygen setpoint changes quickly, adapting to the system uncertainties and disturbances. Tests occur on an Activated Sludge Model No. 1 benchmark of an activated sludge process. A T filter added to the GPC framework results in an effective control strategy in the presence of coloured measurement noise. This work also suggests how a constraint on the measured variable can be added as a penalty term to the GPC framework which leads to improved control of the dissolved oxygen concentration in the presence of dynamic input disturbance.
A Novel Controllable BIST Circuit for embedded SRAM
Authors: Lin Zhiting , Peng Chunyu , Wang Kun
Published: January 2016

With increasingly stringent requirements for memory test, the complexity of the test algorithm is increasing. This will make BIST (Build-In-Self-Test) circuit more complex and the area of BIST circuit larger. This paper proposes a novel controllable BIST circuit. The controllable BIST circuit provides a cost-effective solution that supports a variety of March algorithms and SRAM embedded testing operation modes. It controls the test patterns with three additional input ports. And it indicates the algorithm progress, the test result and the number of fails with three output ports. To achieve test patterns generation, analy-sis and test results recording, the proposed BIST circuit contains five internal functional modules, which are Address Gener-ator, Control Generator, Data Generator, Data Comparator and Fail Accumulator. The test patterns of the proposed BIST cir-cuit are controlled by external signals. It is not only suitable for any existing march algorithms but also leaves room for ex-tension if needed.
Association Study of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Rs4552569/Rs17095830 with Ankylosing Spondylitis in A Chinese Population
Authors: Wang Qingwen , Yang Yuanyuan , Lv Jiyang , Lin Qi , Wang Luo , Fang Zhengyu
Published: January 2016

Genetics play a key role in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). A previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) showed that rs4552569 (on 5q14.3) and rs17095830 (on 12q12) were associated with the risk of AS in Han Chinese, which was not replicated in other two studies. In the current study, rs4552569 and rs17095830 were genotyped in 735 Han Chinese AS patients and 1204 healthy controls using high resolution melting analysis (HRMA). We compared the distributions of genotypes and alleles between AS cases and healthy controls. Rs30187 and rs10865331, which were reported to be associated with AS susceptibility in various populations, were also genotyped and analyzed as positive controls. The results showed that no association between rs4552569/rs17095830 polymorphisms and AS susceptibility was found. On the other hand, an association between rs17095830 and one of AS complication (inflammatory bowel disease) was observed (allelic P value=0.0180; odds ratio[OR]=1.739; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.146-2.639).
The role of conodonts in the global stratigraphic correlation on example of southern Siberia (Russia) and eastern Serbia
Authors: Rodygin Sergei
Published: January 2016

Conodonts are very precise tools for global stratigraphic correlation of
Devonian deposits. They can be correlated at the level of standard conodont
zones even for basins having very different geological structure. In this
paper Devonian conodont correlations between north-western margin of the
Kuznetsk Basin (Siberia) and eastern Serbia are demonstrated. The geology of
both regions is quite different. East Serbian zone is the southern tip of the
Carpathian folded area (Carpatho-Balkanides). Middle Paleozoic carbonate and
terrigenous deposits (Silurian, Devonian and Lower Carboniferous) are
replaced by Hercynian molasse, and sedimentation continued throughout the
Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras. Rocks were exposed to repeatedly tectonic
effects, olistoliths, olistostromes are widespread. Middle Paleozoic
sediments, including Devonian, are localized within separate small tectonic
blocks, often shifted from its place and form allochthons. In the western
part of the Altai-Sayan folded area the Middle Paleozoic sediments have
undergone folding and orogeny during the Hercynian phase of tectonic and
magmatic activity, but since that time the continental conditions have been
dominant in this region. The Devonian deposits are well represented in the
marginal parts of the Kuznetsk Basin. In both regions the Devonian rocks have
been well studied and the standard conodont zones varcus, gigas (rhenana) -
linguiformis, crepida, expansa and praesulcata were established.