bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Money Talks? The Effectiveness of Sanctions in the ‘Rule of Law’ Conflict in the European Union
Authors: Holesch Adam , Portela Clara
Published: October 2024

The European Union (EU) responded to democratic backsliding in Hungary and Poland by implementing a sanctions toolbox, which includes the Article 7 Treaty on European Union (TEU) mechanism, infringement procedures and funding conditionality. Whilst the Article 7 TEU procedure has been extensively studies and found to be ineffective, the efficacy of infringement procedures and the recently introduced funding conditionality – comprising the Conditionality Regulation, the Recovery and Resilience Facility and the Common Provisions Regulation – remains less understood. Drawing on the sanctions scholarship, we identify two central determinants for sanction effectiveness: the credibility of sanctions imposition and their economic costs. We then explore how they influence the effectiveness of the sanction mechanisms introduced by the EU by testing four hypotheses. The findings indicate that both infringement procedures and funding conditionality are only partially effective. This comparative analysis enhances our understanding of coercive mechanisms that can mitigate decline in democratic governance.
Real‐Time PCR as a Tool for Detection and Identification of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus Based on Trace Amounts of Their DNA Left in the Vector—The Pine Sawyer Beetle, Monochamus galloprovincialis
Authors: Filipiak Anna , Tomalak Marek
Published: October 2024

The quarantine nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a causative agent of the pine wilt disease. In Europe, the nematode is vectored by Monochamus galloprovincialis which is also a natural vector of the native, nonpathogenic B. mucronatus. Based on the established regulations, long‐term detection surveys of pine wood and vector insects for the presence of B. xylophilus are obligatory in all EU member countries. The main objective of the presented research was to use the real‐time PCR technique for the fast and precise detection, and identification of Bursaphelenchus nematodes associated with M. galloprovincialis ssp. pistor occurring in Poland. The research conducted on beetles collected in forest stands in Poland revealed exclusive presence of the native, nonpathogenic nematode B. mucronatus. At the beginning of the beetle flight season (June–July), the use of the real‐time PCR allowed detection of B. mucronatus, in the case of its physical presence in the body of the dissected M. galloprovincialis. However, at the end of the flight season (September–October), the DNA of B. mucronatus was also found in some beetles with no physical presence of nematodes in tracheas or under elytra. The univoltine biology of the beetle, gradual decline in dispersal juveniles to zero in/on the beetle body, and positive results of real‐time PCR reaction could indicate that in some of the beetles earlier loaded with nematodes, at the end of the season, only their remains were left after the live nematodes' departure during the vector's maturation feeding and/or egg laying. The obtained results confirm extremely high sensitivity of the real‐time PCR method used in detection and identification of both nematode species which may simultaneously occur in M. galloprovincialis beetles. It allows for precise detection of the nematodes based on their remains left in/on the vector insects.
Influence of the Ethanol Lure and Concentration on Captures of Ambrosia Beetles in Tree Fruits and Ornamentals
Authors: Govindaraju Ramkumar , Hayter Jensen , Chong Juang Horng , Del Pozo‐Valdivia Alejandro I. , Cottrell Ted E. , Walgenbach James F. , Scheyer Thomas W. , Blaauw Brett R. , Reding Michael E. , Ranger Christopher M. , Joseph Shimat V.
Published: October 2024

Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) and Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are major ambrosia beetle pests in tree nut and fruit orchards and ornamental nurseries in the eastern United States (USA). Ethanol‐baited bottle traps and ethanol‐infused tree stem sections (i.e., bolts) have been used to monitor ambrosia beetles, but limited studies exist on the influence of ethanol‐lure release rate on ambrosia beetle trap captures and bolt attacks. We designed this study to compare low‐release (LR) and high‐release (HR) ethanol lures in bottle traps for capturing invasive ambrosia beetles. We also compared beetle attacks among bolts pre‐soaked in ethanol solutions of low (10%) and high (90%) concentrations and bolts cored and filled with the same low and high ethanol concentrations. In 2022, experiments were conducted in ornamental nurseries and apple, peach, or pecan orchards in five USA states. Higher numbers of X. crassiusculus and X. germanus were captured in bottle traps baited with the HR ethanol lure compared to the LR lure at most of the study sites. More attacks per bolt by X. crassiusculus and X. germanus were observed at most sites on pre‐soaked and filled bolts with 90% compared to 10% solutions of ethanol. Bolts soaked in low (10%) ethanol solutions sustained more attacks from both X. crassiusculus and X. germanus than cored bolts filled with low ethanol. These results will assist with monitoring the flight activity of invasive ambrosia beetles within nut, fruit, and ornamental tree crops.
Barriers and facilitators of adherence to clinical practice guidelines in Germany—A systematic review
Authors: Shehu Eni , Kugler Charlotte M. , Schäfer Niklas , Rosen Diane , Schaefer Corinna , Kötter Thomas , Follmann Markus , Pieper Dawid
Published: October 2024

Rationale

Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) represent evidence‐based tools designed to assist healthcare practitioners and patients in decisions in clinical practice. Evidence supports the clinical benefits of adhering to CPGs. However, their successful implementation and adherence in clinical settings often encounter challenges.

Aims and Objectives

This systematic review aimed to explore barriers and facilitators influencing adherence to CPGs in Germany.

Method

The protocol of this study was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) registry (DOI: 10.17605/OSF. IO/GMFUB). In November 2022 we searched on PubMed and Embase for primary studies employing qualitative, quantitative and mixed‐methods approaches that focus on barriers or facilitators to CPGs adherence in the Germany. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the studies. The collected data on barriers and facilitators of CPG adherence were systematically categorized and analyzed using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).

Results

A total of 24 studies were included, mainly focusing on adherence to national CPGs. This review introduces a new domain, guideline characteristics, reflecting the need to address barriers and facilitators to CPG development, implementation, dissemination and format, which couldn't be encompassed within the existing 14 domains of TDF framework. Among healthcare professionals, the most frequently reported influencing factors were related to the environmental context and resources (encompassing aspects such as employer support for CPG utilization), the CPG development and dissemination process (including layout, wording, and interactive tools) and beliefs about consequences (such as contradictions with practical experience). Knowledge (knowledge about the content of CPGs, awareness about published CPGs), primarily as a barrier, and reinforcement facilitators (notably financial support), were also frequently reported.

Conclusion

The findings revealed multilevel factors contributing to CPG adherence, with environmental context and resources emerging as the most frequently reported considerations. This systematic review offer holistic insights into the barriers and facilitators of CPG adherence in Germany. The results contribute to a better understanding of the topic and serve as a resource for developing targeted strategies to enhance CPG adherence and implementation within the German healthcare system.
Perspectives on how evidence‐based practice changes over time: A qualitative exploration of occupational therapy and physical therapy graduates
Authors: Thomas Aliki , Iqbal Muhammad Zafar , Roberge‐Dao Jacqueline , Ahmed Sara , Bussières André , Debigaré Richard , Letts Lori , MacDermid Joy C. , Paterson Margo , Polatajko Helene J. , Rappolt Susan , Salbach Nancy M. , Rochette Annie
Published: October 2024

Rationale

The integration of evidence‐based practice (EBP) into rehabilitation education programs has been widespread, but little is known about how graduates' EBP competencies evolve over time.

Aims and Objectives

To explore how and why the use of EBP by occupational therapists (OTs) and physical therapists (PTs) evolves during the first 3 years of clinical practice.

Method

We used an interpretive description methodology. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with OTs and PTs who participated in a minimum of three out of four time points in a previous longitudinal pan‐Canadian mixed methods study. Data analysis was guided by Braun and Clarke's approach to thematic analysis.

Results

Seventeen clinicians (13 OTs and 4 PTs) participated in the study. Our analysis identified six overarching themes: (1) evolution of “what EBP is and what it means”; (2) over time, evidence takes a back seat; (3) patients and colleagues have a vital and perennial role in clinical decision making; (4) continuing professional development plays a vital role in EBP; (5) personal attitudes and attributes influence EBP; and (6) organizational factors influence EBP.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the dynamic nature of EBP use among OTs and PTs in the first 3 years of clinical practice, emphasizing the need for contextualized approaches and ongoing support to promote evidence‐informed healthcare in rehabilitation.
Native and non‐native species response to the colonization and subsequent suppression of northern pike Esox lucius
Authors: Mayer Kent , Garrett Daniel L. , Haukenes Alf H.
Published: October 2024

The expansion of northern Pike Esox lucius outside its native range into the western states of North America is a growing problem due to their negative effects on fish communities. Illegally introduced E. lucius were first detected in Box Canyon Reservoir in northeast Washington in 2004. By 2010, the E. lucius population was estimated at more than 10,000 individuals. Between 2012 and 2019, a gillnet suppression programme was conducted, which reduced the E. lucius catch per unit effort in Box Canyon Reservoir by 97% and their biomass by 98%. Between 2004 and 2019, four standardized surveys were conducted to characterize changes in the Box Canyon Reservoir fish community. Even after E. lucius were effectively suppressed, native species showed no signs of recovery during the study. The relative abundance of all native species decreased 82% in total number and 56% in total biomass between 2004 and 2019. Conversely, the relative abundance of non‐native species increased 26% in total number and 33% in total biomass over the same period. As an apex predator, E. lucius had a significant impact on the fish community in Box Canyon Reservoir over a relatively short period of time (7 years), and appeared to act as a catalyst to increase the rate of replacement of native species with non‐native species, which likely increased the pace of taxonomic homogenization in the reservoir.
Effect of Ultrasound Conditions on Germination and Drying Characteristics of Bengal Gram (Cicer arietinum L.) and Determination of Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Flours
Authors: Choudhury Sumantra , Manind Jhumur , Srivastava Prashant Kumar , Sit Nandan
Published: October 2024

This study aims to investigate the effect of ultrasound conditions on the germination kinetics and drying characteristics of a germinated Bengal gram at different drying temperatures. Ultrasound treatment was given to the Bengal gram seeds at two different conditions, that is, before (US) and after soaking (SU), which was then followed by germination. This study also determines mass transfer parameters at drying temperatures of 45°C, 55°C, and 65°C and assesses the influence on the physicofunctional characteristics of a germinated Bengal gram. The germination rate behavior was effectively predicted using a zero‐order kinetic model with the highest R2 value of 0.7974–0.8857 in each nontreated (S) and treated (SU, US) Bengal gram seed, respectively. This study showed that the ultrasound treatment effectively enhanced the germination rate in both conditions, and the highest germination rate was found in pretreated ultrasound Bengal gram samples. The logarithmic thin layer drying model, with the highest average R2 of 0.9954 and the lowest average RMSE value of 0.0160, is the best‐fitted model to predict the changes in moisture ratio in both treated and nontreated conditions. The moisture diffusivity values at drying temperatures ranging from 45°C to 65°C were found in treated (US, SU) and nontreated (S) germinated samples ranging from 3.34 × 10−8 to 4.03 × 10−8 m2/s, 1.30 × 10−8 to 2.01 × 10−8 m2/s, and 6.6 × 10−9 to 8.06 × 10−9 m2/s, respectively. The protein content increased in the ultrasound‐treated sample between 12.37% and 13.50%. The solubility ranged from 8% to 10.36% throughout the treated and nontreated germinated Bengal gram flour. This study provides a unified approach to utilizing ultrasound‐treated germinated Bengal gram seeds as an alternative option to develop a functional product with better nutritional and functional properties.
Plant Protein Resources, Novel Extraction and Precipitation Methods: A Review
Authors: Akyüz Ayça , Tekin İdil , Aksoy Zülal , Ersus Seda
Published: October 2024

This comprehensive review explores the diverse landscape of plant protein resources, focusing on novel extraction and precipitation methods that contribute to the advancement of sustainable and efficient protein production. The increasing global demand for plant‐based proteins as a key component of balanced diets has spurred research into optimizing extraction processes from various plant sources. The review encompasses a wide range of plant protein resources, including legumes, cereals, oilseeds, and other plant‐based alternatives. Special emphasis is given to innovative techniques in protein extraction, such as enzyme‐assisted extraction, aqueous extraction, and emerging technologies like ultrasound and microwave‐assisted methods. Additionally, the review investigates novel precipitation methods employed to isolate and purify plant proteins, shedding light on techniques like isoelectric precipitation, salting‐out, and membrane filtration. The integration of sustainable practices in protein extraction, coupled with a focus on minimizing environmental impact, is a central theme throughout the review. By synthesizing current research findings, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state‐of‐the‐art in plant protein extraction and precipitation methods, offering valuable insights for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers involved in the rapidly evolving field of plant‐based protein production.
The role of antibiotic exposure as risk factor for IBD epidemic: an updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Pan Rui , He Yang , Yuan Jiami , Zhao Shujie , Ma Mengye , Chai Zhenglong , Ji Xinyue , Hu Xinyi , He Canxia , Zhou Dezheng , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: October 2024

Background and Aim

The rising prevalence of IBD globally has raised concerns about antibiotic exposure. This study's meta‐analysis examines antibiotic exposure, frequency, year before diagnosis, regional differences, and IBD incidence.

Methods

The literature review used PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases up to June 2024 to explore the link between antibiotic exposure and IBD risk. Stratified analysis was conducted by years of antibiotic exposure before IBD diagnosis, frequency, and region. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined using a random effects model.

Results

Eighteen case–control studies and five cohort studies were included (n = 99, 104 IBD patients and n = 2 273 336 controls). The findings indicate that antibiotic exposure significantly has a positive association with the risk of developing IBD (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.28–2.16). Antibiotic exposure of ≥3 years (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.12–1.98), 2 years (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.37–1.55), and ≤1 year (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.17–2.04) prior to the diagnosis of IBD is associated with a higher risk of developing IBD. Cumulative exposure of ≥3 dispensations (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.49–2.74) and two dispensations (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.03–1.78) also had a positive association with IBD risk, while one dispensation did not (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.72–1.26). No significant association was found in developing countries (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 0.71–5.19), but developed countries showed a significant positive association with the risk (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.27–1.96).

Conclusion

The meta‐analysis suggests that antibiotic use has a positive association with the risk of IBD, and limiting unnecessary antibiotic use may be one way to reduce the risk of developing IBD.
Predictors of advance care planning in 11 high‐income nations
Authors: Ambade Preshit N. , Hoffman Zachary T. , Mehra Kaamya , MacKinnon Neil J.
Published: October 2024

Background

Elderly population is increasing in high‐income countries. For instance, by 2050, 21.4% of the United States population is expected to be 65+, thus making advance care planning (ACP) increasingly important. We aim to identify predictors of ACP completion in 11 high‐income countries and explore relationships between ACP and utilization factors.

Method

Using the 2021 International Health Policy (IHP) survey data, we assessed the relationship between sociodemographic factors, healthcare utilization, and ACP. The primary outcome variable was a composite of three ACP activities. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to identify predictors of ACP completion.

Results

Analyses included 18,677 older adults who answered at least one ACP question. Only 5126 (27.4%) reported completion of three ACP activities. Germany (64.7%) showed the highest completion rates, while Sweden (5.0%) and France (5.0%) showed the lowest completion rates. Predictors of ACP completion identified in the GLMM were: increasing age (incidence rate ratio [IRR] range between 1.2 and 1.5), completion of high school education or more (IRR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.1–1.1), higher income (IRR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.1–1.2), presence of two or more health conditions (IRR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0–1.1), hospital stay in the past 2 years (IRR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.1–1.1), and access to quality primary care (IRR: 1.0, 95% CI: 1.0–1.1). Male gender (IRR: 0.9, 95% CI: 0.8–0.9) had a negative association with ACP activity completion.

Conclusion

Several patient‐specific and health system utilization factors were identified as predictors of ACP activity completion, which clinicians and policymakers could use to enhance ACP completion.
Sucrose induces flowering by degradation of the floral repressor Ghd7 via K48‐linked polyubiquitination in rice
Authors: Cho Lae‐Hyeon , Yoon Jinmi , Baek Gibeom , Tun Win , Kwon Hyeok Chan , Lee Dae‐Woo , Choi Seok‐Hyun , Lee Yang‐Seok , Jeon Jong‐Seong , An Gynheung
Published: October 2024

Sucrose functions as a signaling molecule in several metabolic pathways as well as in various developmental processes. However, the molecular mechanisms by which sucrose regulates these processes remain largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that sucrose promotes flowering by mediating the stability of a regulatory protein that represses flowering in rice. Exogenous application of sucrose promoted flowering by inducing florigen gene expression. Reduction of sucrose levels in the phloem through genetic modifications, such as the overexpression of the vacuolar invertase OsVIN2 or the mutation of OsSUT2, a sucrose transporter, delayed flowering. Analysis of relative transcript levels of floral regulatory genes showed that sucrose activated Ehd1 upstream of the florigen, with no significant effect on the expression of other upstream genes. Examination of protein stability after sucrose treatment of major floral repressors revealed that the Ghd7 protein was specifically degraded. The Ghd7 protein interacted with the E3 ligase IPA INTERACTING PROTEIN1 (IPI1), and sucrose‐induced K48‐linked polyubiquitination of Ghd7 via IPI1, leading to protein degradation. Mutants defective in IPI1 delayed flowering, confirming its role in modulating proteins involved in flowering. We conclude that sucrose acts as a signaling molecule to induce flowering by promoting Ghd7 degradation via IPI1.
Activation of ionotropic and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors stimulates kisspeptin neuron activity in mice
Authors: Bearss Robin J. , Oliver Isabella A. , Neuman Peighton N. , Abdulmajeed Wahab I. , Ackerman Jennifer M. , Piet Richard
Published: October 2024

Different populations of hypothalamic kisspeptin (KISS1) neurons located in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) are thought to generate the sex‐specific patterns of gonadotropin secretion. These neuronal populations integrate gonadal sex steroid feedback with internal and external cues relayed via the actions of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. The excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, plays a role in regulating gonadotropin secretion, at least partially through engaging KISS1 signaling. The expression and function of individual glutamate receptor subtypes in KISS1 neurons, however, are not well characterized. Here, we used GCaMP‐based calcium imaging and patch‐clamp electrophysiology to assess the impact of activating individual ionotropic (iGluR) and group I metabotropic (mGluR) glutamate receptors on KISS1 neuron activity in the mouse RP3V and ARC. Our results indicate that activation of all iGluR subtypes and of group I mGluRs, likely mGluR1, consistently drives activity in the majority of KISS1 neurons within the RP3V and ARC of males and females. Our results also revealed, somewhat unexpectedly, sex‐ and region‐specific differences. Indeed, activating (S)‐α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) type iGluRs evoked larger responses in female ARCKISS1 neurons than in their male counterparts whereas activating group I mGluRs induced larger responses in RP3VKISS1 neurons than in ARCKISS1 neurons in females. Together, our findings suggest that glutamatergic neurotransmission in KISS1 neurons, and its impact on the activity of these cells, might be sex‐ and region‐dependent in mice.
Everyday State Attachment: Dynamic Features and Role of Trait Attachment
Authors: Tammilehto Jaakko , Kaurin Aleksandra , Bosmans Guy , Kuppens Peter , Flykt Marjo , Vänskä Mervi , Peltonen Kirsi , Lindblom Jallu
Published: October 2024

Objective

Attachment research has traditionally focused on traits, enhancing our understanding of attachment‐related individual differences. However, to chart the dynamic properties of the attachment system, more research is needed on the within‐person fluctuation of attachment states. In this ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study, we examined (a) the associations between the baseline, variability, and inertia of each state attachment dimension (security, avoidance, and anxiety) and (b) how trait attachment (anxiety and avoidance) predicts these dynamic features.

Method

In two adult samples (Ns = 122 and 127), trait attachment dimensions were first assessed using Experiences in Close Relationships–Revised. Then, attachment states were assessed seven or ten times a day over 1 week (4629 and 5322 successful EMA observations).

Results

For state security, individuals with high baseline exhibited lower variability. In contrast, for state avoidance, those with high baseline showed higher variability. Both trait attachment anxiety and avoidance predicted lower baseline and higher variability of state security. Moreover, both trait dimensions predicted higher baselines of the corresponding states.

Conclusions

Our findings provide insights into the real‐time regulatory dynamics of the attachment system and their interconnection with trait attachment, underscoring the importance of baseline and variability in understanding how attachment manifests in everyday life.
From Seasonality to Species Conservation: Chronobiological Research on European Hamsters in Strasbourg, France
Authors: Monecke Stefanie
Published: October 2024

The first monograph on the European hamster from the Strasbourg region dates back to 1765. By the 1930s, a long and continuous chronobiological research tradition was established for this species, starting with the works of Charles Kayser, who published between 1938 and 1971. Another early key researcher in this area was Bernhard Canguilhem with publications from 1966 to 1999. From the 1980s onwards, “the Pévets,” Paul Pévet and his wife, Mireille Masson‐Pévet, gave new energy to European hamster research. They broadened the research scope from basic hibernation research to mechanistic studies of circannual rhythms and from physiological aspects to molecular details. One main underlying question in their research was the role of melatonin. Thanks to their enthusiasm and vision, the European hamster is today one of the best – if not the best – studied circannual species. At least 73 parameters are described to cycle. Thirty‐two of them have been shown to be driven by a circannual clock. Moreover, ground‐breaking advances in our understanding of the mechanistic of hibernation, circannual clock functioning, and its entrainment were made. With most of this research being conducted in Strasbourg, Paul Pévet was instrumental in providing the necessary resources that made these innovative and unconventional long‐term animal studies possible, contributing to fundamental research and, ultimately, to species conservation.
Resting cortisol concentrations in dogs presenting to a university teaching hospital with collapse
Authors: Fernandez Gallego Ana , Breheny Craig Robert , Gow Adam G. , Boag Alisdair M.
Published: October 2024

Background

The relationship between collapse and a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism is not well understood in dogs.

Hypothesis

To assess the prevalence of episodes of collapse in dogs screened for hypoadrenocorticism, and to assess the prevalence of confirmed hypoadrenocorticism in dogs presenting with reported collapse.

Animals

Seventy‐three client‐owned dogs with resting cortisol concentrations were measured and presented to a University teaching hospital for collapse.

Methods

Retrospective review of medical records of dogs at a single center.

Results

The prevalence of episodes of collapse in dogs that had a resting cortisol measurement was 73/856 (8.5%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 6.7%‐10.6%). Resting cortisol concentration was <2 μg/dL (<55 nmol/L) in 19 dogs. Cortisol concentration after ACTH stimulation was <2 μg/dL (<55 nmol/L) in 1 of the 73 dogs in this cohort, consistent with a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism, giving a prevalence estimate of hypoadrenocorticism of 1.3% (95% CI, 0.15%‐6.2%). In 8 dogs with an initial resting cortisol concentration <2 μg/dL (<55 nmol/L), hypoadrenocorticism was excluded based on a repeat resting cortisol concentration >2 μg/dL (>55 nmol/L). The most common diagnosis was vasovagal syncope (10/73), followed by sick sinus syndrome and third‐degree atrioventricular block (2/73). The final diagnosis was unknown in 24/73 dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Hypoadrenocorticism was the final diagnosis in 1 of 73 dogs presented to a teaching hospital either in a collapsed state or with a previous history of episodes of collapse. No dog presenting as cardiovascularly stable for intermittent collapse was found to have hypoadrenocorticism.
Plant‐to‐plant defence induction in cotton is mediated by delayed release of volatiles upon herbivory
Authors: Grandi Luca , Ye Wenfeng , Clancy Mary V. , Vallat Armelle , Glauser Gaétan , Abdala‐Roberts Luis , Brevault Thierry , Benrey Betty , Turlings Ted C. J. , Bustos‐Segura Carlos
Published: October 2024

Caterpillar feeding immediately triggers the release of volatile compounds stored in the leaves of cotton plants. Additionally, after 1 d of herbivory, the leaves release other newly synthesised volatiles. We investigated whether these volatiles affect chemical defences in neighbouring plants and whether such temporal shifts in emissions matter for signalling between plants.

Undamaged receiver plants were exposed to volatiles from plants infested with Spodoptera caterpillars. For receiver plants, we measured changes in defence‐related traits such as volatile emissions, secondary metabolites, phytohormones, gene expression, and caterpillar feeding preference. Then, we compared the effects of volatiles emitted before and after 24 h of damage on neighbouring plant defences.

Genes that were upregulated in receiver plants following exposure to volatiles from damaged plants were the same as those activated directly by herbivory on a plant. Only volatiles emitted after 24 h of damage, including newly produced volatiles, were found to increase phytohormone levels, upregulate defence genes, and enhance resistance to caterpillars.

These results indicate that the defence induction by volatiles is a specific response to de novo synthesised volatiles, suggesting that these compounds are honest signals of herbivore attack. These findings point to an adaptive origin of airborne signalling between plants.
Application of Modified Skin Stretching for Soft Tissue Defect Reconstruction in the Ankle and Foot: A Retrospective Report
Authors: Yang Xiaqing , Liu Yuping , Wang Weixing , Fang Xue , Zhang Wang , Liu Changhuan , Wang Xin
Published: October 2024

Objective

The failure rate of foot and ankle soft tissue defect reconstruction with flap is relatively high, often posing a significant burden on patients. The aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness of repeated stretch sutures in repairing skin and soft tissue defects of the ankle and foot.

Methods

Twenty‐three patients with ankle and foot skin and soft tissue defects were retrospectively analyzed between February 2016 and February 2019. Sutures were repeatedly stretched every 3–5 days. Local skin grafting was performed if necessary after wound surfaces disappeared or exposed tendons and bones were covered by soft tissue. Wound healing time, postoperative healing area, Vancouver Scar Assessment Scale, sensation, and function of the new skin were evaluated.

Results

Healing time was 17–35 (24.43 ± 5.29) days. Ten patients wholly healed, and 13 healed by approximately 70.08% ± 6.59%. The Vancouver Scar Assessment Scale average score was 2.83 ± 1.19 points, of which 15 cases were excellent (0–3 points) and 8 cases were good (4–7 points). The sensation and function of the new skin after repair were equivalent to those of normal skin after the last follow‐up.

Conclusions

Applying repeated tension sutures on the skin and soft defects of the ankle and foot reduced the skin graft area and decreased complex high‐risk surgical flaps' use and transplantation area.
Changes in Skin Barrier Function in Neonates: Daily Variation and Impact of Bathing
Authors: Tanaka Fumi , Hayashi Chiemi , Iida Mayumi , Shinya Kimika , Futamura Masaki
Published: October 2024

Background

The skin barrier function is an important predictor of neonatal barrier defects. This study aimed to investigate the daily changes in skin barrier function and the impact of bathing on skin barrier function in neonates.

Methods

We assessed the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) on the forehead, cheek, volar forearm, and chest from days 2 to 7 and at 1 month after birth. Additionally, we measured the values after bathing and compared them with the pre‐bathing values.

Results

Sixty‐six neonates were involved in the assessment, and each value at the four sites showed significant correlations. TEWL remained stable between days 2 and 7, but SCH significantly increased at most sites. Both significantly increased by 1.5–2 times in 1 month. After bathing, TEWL increased by more than 20% but decreased again after 3 h.

Conclusions

TEWL did not change significantly with age during the first week of life. To minimize the effects of bathing, TEWL should be measured at least 3 h after bathing.
Indirect Effects of Municipal Public Health Nurse Workforce on Cancer Standardized Mortality Ratios Mediated by Cancer Screening Rates
Authors: Kodama Shimpei , Hinokuma Rika
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study examined the indirect effects of the number of Japanese municipal public health nurses (PHNs) on cancer standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), using cancer screening and diagnostic follow‐up rates as mediators.

Design

Ecological study using municipalities as the unit of analysis

Measurements

Aggregate, municipal‐level government data were analyzed using a linear model with empirical Bayes estimates of SMRs (EBSMRs) for gastric, colorectal, and lung cancers as the dependent variables, and the number of PHNs, cancer screening rate, diagnostic follow‐up rate, and adjustment variables as independent variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the indirect effects of PHNs.

Results

Cancer screening rates were significantly negatively associated with EBSMR, except for gastric cancer in women. No significant association was observed between the EBSMR and diagnostic follow‐up rates. SEM revealed a significant indirect effect of the number of PHNs, most of which was due to the cancer screening rate.

Conclusions

From a population‐based public health perspective, increasing the number of PHNs and focusing on improving cancer screening rates may effectively reduce cancer SMRs.
Proteomic analysis during seed development provides insight into the early establishment of seed dormancy in Xanthium strumarium
Authors: Nemati Iman , Hamzelou Sara , Gholizadeh Somayeh , Kamath Karthik Shantharam , Haynes Paul A. , Sedghi Mohammad , Afshari Reza Tavakkol , Salekdeh Ghasem Hosseini
Published: October 2024

This experiment was carried out to provide a comprehensive insight into the protein activities involved in dormancy establishment in seeds of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), an annual plant with two dimorphic seeds contained in one casing known as a burr. These consist of a smaller dormant seed and a larger non‐dormant seed. The proteome profile was compared between developing dormant and non‐dormant seeds of Xanthium strumarium at five consecutive stages including three, 10, 20, 30, and 45 days after burr emergence (stages 1 to 5). We identified 6524 proteins in total, and approximately 3.6% of these were differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) between the two seed types. Both seed types showed fundamental changes in developmental programs during the examined stages. More than 38% of all DAPs were observed at the first stage, supporting the importance of the early developmental stage in seed fate determination. The detected DAPs at stage 1 were mainly associated with the cell division phase, which showed a delay in the dormant seeds. Over‐representation of proteins responsible for cell wall biosynthesis, cytokinesis, and seed development were detected for non‐dormant seeds at the first stage, while dormancy‐associated proteins showed less abundance. Stage 3 was the critical stage for switching processes toward seed maturation and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Interestingly, higher abundance proteins in the mature non‐dormant seed were mainly involved in the facilitation of seed germination. Taken together, the temporal pattern of the accumulated proteins in developing dormant seeds demonstrated a delay in the initiation of active cell division, enriched response to ABA, and defects in seed maturation. Moreover, stored proteins in the mature dormant seed delay germination but not dormancy induction. Finally, our results suggest that dormancy may be established at a stage of seed development earlier than previously thought.
Visions of the Whole: Scripture, the Life of Christian Doctrine, and Formation
Authors: Dominiak Paul
Published: October 2024

The idea of ‘Christian doctrine’ has become sundered over time from its spiritual roots as part of the formative Christian life shaped by a vision of the whole that sees everything in integral and open‐ended relation to God. This review article explores some of the reasons behind this severing of Christian doctrine from everyday Christian practice. It then unpacks how the unity between Christian doctrine and spiritual formation is retrieved in three recent publications that variously explore the nature of Christian doctrine. Together, they offer a vibrant account of Christian doctrine, its formative power and its calling to be humbly confident as a form of life under God.
A new exceptionally preserved sawfly fossil (Hymenoptera: Pergidae) and an evaluation of its utility for divergence time estimation and biogeography
Authors: Rodriguez Juanita , Frese Michael , Dettmann Mary , Chavoshi‐Jolfaei Mahin , Macdonald John
Published: October 2024

We report the discovery of the first fossil of an Australian species of Pergidae, Baladi warru gen. et sp. n., found at McGraths Flat, a newly discovered Miocene Konservat‐Lagerstätte in central New South Wales. Using morphological data from the well‐preserved fossil, along with a previously published molecular dataset of 59 taxa and a newly generated molecular dataset for 8 taxa, we constructed a data matrix and generated the first chronogram for Pergidae that incorporates internal calibration points. Our data reveal that Baladi warru belongs to the subfamily Perginae and is closely related to the Australian genera Cerealces and Xyloperga (tribe Cerealcini). According to our analysis, the origin of Pergidae appears slightly younger than previously hypothesised; however, additional calibration points are needed for a more detailed age constraint. Furthermore, ancestral character reconstruction indicates four independent adaptations to toxic Myrtaceae as host plants, while biogeographic analyses suggest that sympatry followed by founder events were the primary processes shaping the current disjunct distribution of pergids. Two significant founder events correspond with transitions to utilising Myrtaceae as host plants. With the approval of the Mudgee Local Aboriginal Land Council, Wiradjuri words were used to name the newly described species. ‘Baladi’ means ‘saw’ and ‘warru’ means ‘wasp’. This name honours the Traditional Owners of the lands on which the fossil was collected.
A Novel HLA‐DPA1 Allele, HLA‐DPA1*01:204, Was Identified by Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: He Xiong‐jie , Wang Kun‐Xiang , Zhang Peng , Huang Ti‐Long , Zhang Xian‐Wen
Published: October 2024

HLA‐DPA1*01:204 has a single nucleotide substitution at position 426G > T when compared to the HLA‐DPA1*01:03:01:15 allele.
Ultrasonographic assessment of the normal ileocecocolic junction in dogs
Authors: Azoulay Florian , Fritz Julien , Rault Delphine , Cauvin Eddy , Besson Julie , Graille Mélanie , Rousseau Khadija Serghini , Couturier Laurent
Published: October 2024

The ultrasonographic appearance of the ileocecocolic junction (ICCJ), comprising the ileocolic junction (ICJ) and the cecocolic junction (CCJ), has not been established in dogs. The purpose of this prospective study was (1) to evaluate the feasibility and technique of systematic ultrasonographic evaluation of the ICJ and CCJ and (2) to describe its ultrasonographic features. Abdominal ultrasound was performed in 102 fasted dogs, free of digestive signs. The time required to identify the ICJ using a standardized method was recorded for each operator and compared among four experienced ultrasonographers (ECVDI certified and associated member ECVDI) and two previously trained ECVDI residents to evaluate the feasibility of the technique. Measurements were obtained for the ICJ wall thickness. Evaluation of the contents and peristalsis of the ICJ was recorded for descriptive purposes. The easiest way to identify the ICJ was to follow the colon proximally from the urinary bladder to the ICJ. The probe was then rotated anticlockwise and shifted slightly laterally while increasing the pressure to obtain a longitudinal section of the ICJ. The ICJ was identified in less than 2 min in 98% of cases by experienced ultrasonographers and in 86% of cases by ECVDI residents. The canine ICJ appears as a short invagination of the ileum into the colon, whereas the CCJ appears as a small opening of the colon within the cecum. This study suggests that it is possible to nearly systematically identify the ICCJ with ultrasound in dogs using the described method and provides reference values for its ultrasonographic measurements.
Strip deformations of decorated hyperbolic polygons
Authors: Panda Pallavi
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we study the hyperbolic and parabolic strip deformations of ideal (possibly once‐punctured) hyperbolic polygons whose vertices are decorated with horoballs. We prove that the interiors of their arc complexes parametrise the open convex set of all uniformly lengthening infinitesimal deformations of the decorated hyperbolic metrics on these surfaces, motivated by the work of Danciger–Guéritaud–Kassel. We also give a version of this result for the undecorated ideal polygons and once‐punctured ideal polygons.
On the analytical construction of radially symmetric solutions for the relativistic Euler equations
Authors: Hu Yanbo , Zhang Binyu
Published: October 2024

This paper is concerned with the analytical construction of piecewise smooth solutions containing a single shock wave for the radially symmetric relativistic Euler equations with polytropic gases. We derive meticulously the a priori ‐estimates on the Riemann invariants of the governing system under some assumptions on the piecewise initial data. Based on these estimates, we show that the long time of existence of smooth solutions in the angular region bounded by a characteristic curve and a shock curve. The piecewise smooth initial conditions ensured the existence of smooth solutions in the angular region are discussed. Moreover, it is verified that the existence time is proportional to the initial discontinuous position.
Growth curve models for weight among infants: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Alves Marta , Serra Sofia , Costa Teresa , Brás-Geraldes Carlos , Papoila Ana Luisa , Heleno Bruno
Published: October 2024

Objective:

This scoping review aims to provide a systematic overview of the literature on statistical models to estimate weight growth curves among infants, examining key features such as study design, sample size, and statistical approaches.

Introduction:

Growth models were first developed to estimate individuals’ growth curves by modeling each individual separately. Later, with the aim of estimating mean trajectories, approaches using mixed effects regression models were proposed. More flexible models were also applied in this context, enabling the estimation of more parameters (eg, Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape; SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation models).

Inclusion criteria:

Studies of statistical/mathematical methodologies for estimating weight growth curves of infants under 24 months of age, based on prospective/retrospective cohorts, or cross-sectional studies will be included. Only studies published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish will be considered. Case series reports, reviews, short letter publications, books, and abstract-only papers, such as conference proceedings, will be excluded.

Methods:

This review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, SciELO, and LILACS will be searched for published studies, while ProQuest and RCAAP will be searched for unpublished studies. Search results will be imported into Rayyan to remove duplicates. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. Any disagreements will be resolved through discussion or with a third reviewer. The resulting data, namely mathematical/statistical approaches and models, will be summarized in tabular format, accompanied by a narrative summary.

Review registration:

Open Science Framework https://osf.io/95udq
A Finite Difference-Based Adams-Type Approach for Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations: A Fractional Lotka–Volterra Model as a Case Study
Authors: Odibat Zaid
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we developed an efficient Adams-type predictor–corrector (PC) approach for the numerical solution of fractional differential equations (FDEs) with a power law kernel. The main idea of the proposed approach is to use a linear approximation to the nonlinear problem and then implement finite difference approximations of derivatives. Numerical comparisons with the fractional Adams method are made and simulation results are demonstrated to evaluate the approximation error of the proposed approach. The efficiency of this approach has been depicted by presenting numerical solutions of some test fractional calculus models. Numerical simulation of a fractional Lotka–Volterra model is provided, as a case study, using the proposed approach. The advantage of the proposed approach lies in its flexibility in providing approximate numerical solutions with high accuracy.
Continuum Mechanics Applied to the Biomechanics of Motion
Authors: Federico Salvatore
Published: October 2024

Continuum mechanics is the discipline that studies the motion and deformation of material bodies and is at the basis of both solid mechanics and fluid mechanics. This work aims at highlighting how a basic education in modern continuum mechanics can be of fundamental importance not only in the biomechanics of tissue but also in the biomechanics of movement. The latter is largely based on rigid body mechanics, which can be considered as a simple particular case of the general theory of continuum mechanics. As an example, a straightforward methodology for the extraction of the angular velocity from motion analysis data is illustrated. The method is based on a quantity that is more primitive than the angular velocity: the spin tensor.
Design, Analysis, and Testing of an Additively Manufactured Catalytic Combustor for a Micro-Wave Rotor Turbine
Authors: Tüchler S. , Adamou Adamos , Akbari P. , Copeland C. D.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, an additively manufactured (AM) Inconel catalytic combustor was tested in combination with a microwave rotor turbine with nonaxial channels designed for shaft power extraction. This was done in an open-loop configuration over a range of operating conditions in order to characterize the behavior of the wave rotor and combustor separately. The catalytic combustor data yielded low pressure losses of approximately 1% and provided stable and continuous operation up to outlet temperatures of 900 °C and combustion efficiencies of up to 99%. The data also revealed a high sensitivity to local over-fueling and hotspots that severely reduced service life. This is attributed to the additive manufacturing process producing uneven fuel injector hole sizes that cause uneven fuel mixing upstream of the catalytic reactor. However, it showed that first, it is possible to manufacture and coat an additively manufactured catalytic core. Second, it showed that the design freedom of AM could be used to make catalytic combustors viable in commercial applications.