bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning-constrained projection of bivariate hydrological drought magnitudes and socioeconomic risks
Authors: Liu Rutong , Yin Jiabo , Slater Louise , Kang Shengyu , Yang Yuanhang , Liu Pan , Guo Jiali , Gu Xihui , Volchak Aliaksandr
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Climate change accelerates the water cycle and alters the spatiotemporal distribution of hydrological variables, thus complicating the projection of future streamflow and hydrological droughts. Although machine learning is increasingly employed for hydrological simulations, few studies have used it to project hydrological droughts, not to mention the bivariate risks of drought duration and severity as well as their socioeconomic effects under climate change. We develop a cascade modeling chain to project future bivariate hydrological drought characteristics in 179 catchments over China, using 5 bias-corrected GCM outputs under three shared socioeconomic pathways, five hydrological models and a deep learning model. We quantify the contribution of various meteorological variables to daily streamflow by using a random forest model, then employ terrestrial water storage anomalies and a standardized runoff index to evaluate recent changes in hydrologic drought. Subsequently, we construct a bivariate framework to jointly model drought duration and severity by using Copula functions and the most likely realization method. Finally, we use this framework to project future risks of hydrological droughts as well as associated exposure of gross domestic product and population. Results show that our hybrid hydrological-deep learning model achieves >0.8 Kling-Gupta efficiency in 161 out of 179 catchments. By the late 21st century, bivariate drought risk is projected to double over 60 % catchments, mainly located in Southwest China. Our hybrid model also projects substantial GDP and population exposures by increasing bivariate drought risks, suggesting an urgent need to design climate mitigation strategies towards a sustainable development pathway.
EKONT-2: advancement of a demonstrator for dry–mechanical decontamination of corners and inner edges in nuclear facilities
Authors: Rentschler Eric , Gentes Sascha , Villinger Martin , Heppler Kurt , Stemmle Stefan , Greb Johannes
Published: September 2023

Abstract. In order to be able to dismantle nuclear power plants after decommissioning,
all surfaces must be decontaminated before conventional demolition.
Difficulties in decontamination are not caused by large and easily
accessible areas but rather by the corners and inner edges that are
difficult to access and cannot be reached with existing machines. In
order to be able to decontaminate these areas, however, hand-held tools are
currently being used that were developed for conventional dismantling and
building renovation. In order to ensure occupational safety and to prevent
the spread of contamination, these devices must be used with an external
suction system. The area coverage that is already low is thus further reduced, and
hard-to-reach areas are even more difficult to reach. These factors and
working in protective suits make these decontamination tasks a great
challenge for the workers carrying out the work. The EKONT-2 research project was launched to make this work easier and more
efficient. This project, which is funded by the Federal Ministry of
Education and Research (BMBF), has set itself the goal of developing an
innovative, partially automated demonstrator for dry-mechanical
decontamination of corners, edges and imperfections in nuclear facilities.
For this purpose, different active principles have already been examined,
evaluated according to scientific methods and implemented in the form of
four test models. One of the test models enables material removal with high-frequency
vibrations and a diamond-coated tool. The other three demonstrators remove
the material with rotating diamond discs and rotate in different directions
depending on the design. To realise the different directions of rotation,
one of the demonstrators is equipped with a newly developed gear, for which
a patent application has already been submitted. Before the devices could go into practical testing, various performance
parameters were recorded and evaluated in a test stand specially developed
for this purpose. In addition, the reliability of the devices could already
be tested, and any problems that arose could be rectified. After this detailed test of the devices in the test stand, the test samples
could be checked for their practical suitability in the Obrigheim nuclear
power plant. Here, workers at SAT Kerntechnik GmbH tested the devices in a
real environment and were able to give mostly positive feedback on the
developed demonstrators. In addition, the feedback has revealed potential
for improvement that is to be pursued and implemented in a subsequent
project.
Evaluation of retrieval concepts for high-level radioactive waste from a deep geological disposal in operation
Authors: Hartwig-Thurat Eva , Faß Thorsten , Jendras Michael , Kühn Kerstin , Frieling Gerd
Published: September 2023

Abstract. This research project evaluates retrieval concepts. For this purpose, an evaluation method for assessing retrieval concepts is developed. Safety-relevant criteria for the evaluation of individual retrieval measures and the technically necessary components have to be identified. The criteria are developed on the basis of generic,
host-rock-specific concepts. Different national and international retrieval
concepts are considered. Different repository concepts (host rocks and technical concepts) require
different retrieval concepts. The influences and effects of implementing the requirement for retrievability must already be identified and evaluated in the scope of the representative preliminary safety assessment (rvSU) included in the site selection procedure in Germany. This requires a suitable evaluation method that facilitates an assessment and classification of the different concepts, based on their measures for retrievability and their safety-related impacts. Both host-rock-specific requirements and different emplacement concepts (borehole and drift emplacement) must be considered. The BASE (German Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Management) research project “Evaluation of Retrieval Concepts” (BeRK) addresses the following research questions: how could different retrievability measures and specific retrieval concepts be comparatively evaluated? How can measures for implementing and optimising retrievability be assessed in terms of their safety significance? How can trade-offs be reconstructed? The criteria to be developed and their derivation are to be presented in a comprehensible manner and are compiled in a criteria catalogue. The research project contributes to a better understanding of the repository designs with regard to a possible retrievability and allows for better assessments regarding the preliminary safety assessments.
Antineutrino detection concepts for safeguarding spent nuclear fuel
Authors: Schnellbach Yan-Jie , Radermacher Thomas , Niemeyer Irmgard , Roth Stefan , Göttsche Malte
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) from nuclear power generation requires long-term safeguards in interim storage and final disposal. Current safeguarding approaches for spent fuel storage facilities (SFSFs) propose a combination of material accountancy, containment and surveillance, and design information verification. Antineutrino emissions from the ongoing beta decay of fission fragments could provide complementary information on the potential diversion of nuclear material and misuse of the facility or assist in reverification scenarios as antineutrinos pass through any shielding, structure, or geology effectively unhindered. Antineutrino-based safeguards approaches have been discussed and have been under development for nuclear reactor sites for several years. In this relatively recent field of applied antineutrino monitoring, several approaches have been developed, ranging from scintillator-based technologies to large water Cherenkov detectors, each of which is suitable for different deployment scenarios. Utilising this principle for SNF is uniquely challenging, as the antineutrino flux of cooling fuel elements is several orders of magnitude lower than of an active core. In addition, the typical beta decays in SNF emit a softer antineutrinos energy spectrum, requiring large detectors sensitive to signals close to the inverse beta decay energy threshold. This study investigates a range of current technologies that have been proposed for reactor monitoring, along with a novel antineutrino detection concept using a liquid organic (LOr) time projection chamber (TPC). The LOr-TPC concept combines the scalability and high-resolution particle reconstruction of TPCs with the large quantity of target hydrogen atoms provided by organic compounds. The expected signal rate, sensitivity to inventory changes, and directional
capabilities of all technologies are estimated and compared against each
other for two simplified storage sites, namely one based on an interim storage facility and one based on a geological repository. For each simplified site, varying fuel ages, cask distributions, and detector deployment scenarios are investigated. This comparison will be used to determine the feasibility and potential of antineutrino monitoring as a complementary safeguards tool for SNF storage sites.
Communicating scientific uncertainties
Authors: Seidl Roman , Mintzlaff Volker
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Communicating a message of scientific uncertainty to a general audience is
difficult because laypeople usually lack the conceptual tools to understand
uncertainty (e.g., quantification methods). In addition, uncertainties can
lead to mistrust and can be misused to prevent or delay radioactive waste
management. On the proposed poster, we report the results of an experimental study (N=177) that investigated preferences for and trust in different visualizations of simulation results and tested different modes of communication (verbal, numerical, and visual/graphical). The participants processed three different parts, namely (1) the variation in the form of presentation of a scientific result, (2) the variation in the sender/source of a scientific result in numerical format, and (3) a direct comparison of two representations of simulation results (deterministic and probabilistic). Besides socio-demographics, we used items to check for the potential impact of numeracy and verbal skills, the need for a cognition concept, and questions on science in general, as well as the acceptance of a potential deep-ground repository. The dependent variable in each part was the degree of trust in the scientific validity of the information. For an example result, see Fig. 1. Clear influences of the non-dependent variables are only evident to a limited extent. Women rate their numerical abilities less highly than men do. There is no difference in verbal skills. The latter variable is also not explanatory, while numerical ability is relevant for the choice of the
probabilistic variant and the corresponding trust rating in Experiment 3.
The most striking result is that the attitude towards a deep geological repository for high-level nuclear waste (HLW; degree of acceptance) is the decisive parameter in all experimental conditions. The oral presentation will focus on another challenge of uncertainty communication, namely unquantifiable model uncertainties. In a repository, these may arise from the heterogeneity of the host rock. One of these potential uncertainties may be an undetected fault parallel in the drift axis in clayey host rocks. At the Konrad site, an anchor failure in an infrastructure drift resulted from such a fault. To deal with this kind of uncertainty, a certain kind of flexibility is needed to react to such events. The talk should initiate a discussion on the importance of communicating these potential uncertainties and on the impact of these uncertainties on the repository program.
Selection of essential records from a repository program to inform future generations: insights from a study for the Konrad repository
Authors: Noseck Ulrich , Wellmann Peter , Rübel André , Kindlein Jonathan , Panning Diana , Wolf Jens
Published: September 2023

Abstract. During the NEA initiative Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memories
(RK&M) Across Generations, a systemic approach was developed to establish
a diverse RK&M preservation strategy that integrates multiple and
complementary methods with varying characteristics (NEA, 2019a). One of
these methods concerns the preservation of a so-called Set of Essential
Records (SER) (NEA, 2019b). The SER is proposed as a collection of the most
important records for waste disposal selected for permanent preservation
during the repository lifetime. The goals are (i) to provide members of
future generations, primarily professionals, with knowledge of radioactive waste management (RWM), the contextual information that helps them to understand the repository system
and its implementation process on a deeper technological and societal level,
and (ii) to reduce the number of records deemed for preservation to a
manageable set and thereby rationalize required resources. On a generic abstract basis, a procedure for how to identify and select the
essential records from the vast number of records produced during a
repository program has been proposed (NEA, 2019b). However, the actual
approach for how to implement the SER has not yet been defined. The current
project tests how this abstract procedure can be implemented by
applying it to the records of a “real” repository (currently under
construction), i.e., the Konrad mine for the disposal of low- and
intermediate-level radioactive waste in Germany, anchoring it in an existing
research and technical context. This helps to check which tools can
contribute to the procedure and to evaluate how far the process can be
automatized. Special challenges arise from the fact that the license
application for construction and operation of the repository was submitted
in 1989, and many key records are already more than 30 years old. During the
course of this study, 77 016 records, including 4866 full reports, were
accessible in the Konrad record management system. Different approaches and
tools have been applied to test an efficient record-selection procedure,
which reduced the SER to about 150 records. The applied methods and current
status of the study will be presented.
Learning through participation processes
Authors: Hölzle Ingo , Krütli Pius
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The Site Selection Act (StandAG) defines the selection of a repository as a learning process (lernendes Verfahren) in § 1. Learning is also an essential aspect of transdisciplinary (td) research projects – apart from capacity and network building in addition to supporting change. Transdisciplinarity means that different academic disciplines (interdisciplinary) work together with practitioners (e.g. citizens, NGOs and government officials) to integrate the knowledge, interests and values from various sources to solve a real-world problem (Klein et al., 2001). Joint working involves a functional dynamic collaboration of disciplines and societal actors, starting with problem framing (co-design) through problem analysis and exploring the impact at the end (co-production). Learning can take place during all phases of the research process and at all levels (i.e. from the individual to the institution). Moreover, how and what is learnt is specific to the project context, topic (e.g. renewable energy) and coincidence of different knowledge types (system, transformation and target knowledge). The Transdisciplinarity Lab (TdLab) carries out the accompanying research in TRANSENS. TRANSENS is one of the few td research projects found internationally in the field of nuclear waste management. The TdLab analyses, amongst other things, the learning that stems from participation activities. Therefore, we would like to identify the manifold learning experiences of stakeholder integration during the site selection procedure, on the one hand, and of td research projects, on the other hand. Taking into account the perspectives of citizens, practitioners and scientists, this interactive workshop seeks to accomplish the following (see Fig. 1):
make visible the learning areas from participation processes in the “real world” (practice; e.g. site selection process) and under “laboratory conditions” (research projects; e.g. TRANSENS), identify the transferability of learning areas from science to practice (including limitations), determine useful learning areas from research projects for practice, and identify knowledge gaps in the “real world” for research projects in the future.
From the interactive workshop, we expect the identification of key learning areas, their specific relevance for nuclear waste management and the
identification of topics for future research.
Concretisation of host-rock-dependent canister concepts through the development of a consistent but variable multi-barrier system for the future engineered barrier system
Authors: Hassel Thomas
Published: September 2023

Abstract. A clear and necessary shift in the site selection process is emerging, as
otherwise a participatory, science-based, transparent, self-questioning,
learning and reversible process seems futile. The questions of guaranteeing
safety and the careful trade-offs to be made with extensive participation of society therefore require a rethink with regard to the time set for site
selection (StandAG – targeted site selection 2031). Since this also pushes
the decision on the selection of a host rock even further into the future,
the question arises as to how the preparation of technical developments can
be continued in a manner as concrete as possible. In particular, answering
questions about the type of technical barrier, i.e. the development of
the barrier system, therefore runs the risk of not being able to be advanced with the necessary focus (“pressure on the vessel”). In this paper, a methodical approach is presented on how the container development can be advanced in a target-oriented manner through research and development, even without a quick decision for a host rock. The basis of the approach is the division of the consideration of the engineered barrier system (EBS) development into two approaches. The first approach is from the “inside to the outside” of the inventory, so that the questions of radiological safety, heat flow and nuclide release are focused and can essentially be regarded as independent of the host rock. The second approach then focuses on the environmental influences on the container, the “outside to inside”. With this, the individual systems can be worked out depending on the host rock, which can then be coupled modularly with the first approach. It is not necessary to know the exact coupling point or the number of possible barriers in such a system. Through an intelligent choice of the coupling point later on as well as the number of barriers, the previous requirements for the repository containers for highly radioactive materials can thus be regarded, and the necessary flexibility for the requirements that still need to be further specified is maintained nevertheless. The findings on this are based on the work in the completed collaborative project ENTRIA (Entsorgungsoptionen für radioaktive Reststoffe: Interdisziplinäre Analysen und Entwicklung von Bewertungsgrundlagen), the ongoing collaborative project TRANSENS (Transdisziplinäre Forschung zur Entsorgung hochradioaktiver
Abfälle in Deutschland) and the associated interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary exchange in many scientific and societal discussions, as well as the disciplinary research project ElaBeMa (Recherche und Beschreibung für das Endlagerbehältersystem in Frage kommende Materialien), which is currently ongoing.
NMR relaxometry – a new reliable and non-destructive method to estimate the fluid content of rock salt
Authors: Dlugosch Raphael , Mertineit Michael , Schramm Michael , Hein Melanie , Kaufhold Stephan , Richter Lisa
Published: September 2023

Abstract. In the context of the site selection procedure for a
high-level radioactive waste repository in Germany (StandAG, 2017), the fluid
content of salt rocks is an important parameter to evaluate their barrier
properties, i.e. the potential for gas formation (geoscientific weighing criteria 7 – geoWK-7) and the tendency to
form fluid pathways (geoWK-6). Moreover, it can affect hydraulic
conductivity (minimum requirement 1 – MA-1, geoWK-1 and geoWK-11), heat resistance (geoWK-8) and rock
mechanical properties (geoWK-5), and it can be used for the spatial
characterisation (geoWK-3) of the host rock (e.g. Kneuker et al., 2020).
Fluids in rock salt (halite) are typically present in small, unconnected
inclusions (commonly < 25 µm) located within crystals or
arranged along crystal boundaries and fissures, and they can consist of brine,
minor amounts of gases and hydrocarbons. When estimating the fluid content
of rock salt, the main challenges are (i) the low fluid content (< 1 wt %), (ii) the low permeability of the bulk rock preventing fluid
extraction and (iii) the spatial heterogeneous fluid distribution. In
summary, the measurements are time intensive, and the results are highly
dependent on the sample selection and preparation. Nuclear magnetic relaxation (NMR) relaxometry is an established
petrophysical method in the oil and gas industry for the non-invasive
characterisation of hydrocarbon host rocks and their fluids (e.g. Dunn et al.,
2002), but it has not been used extensively for rock salt to date. We present the
first results obtained from steeply inclined Zechstein rock salt (z2HS2) and
compare them with a water content estimated by extensive grinding
(< 30 µm) of the salt samples in dried acetone and the
subsequent analysis of the extracted fluids using infrared spectroscopy
(Mertineit et al., 2022). The first results show that NMR has promising features
including (i) a low limit of detection (∼0.01 wt %), (ii)
non-destructive and (iii) quick (5–10 min) measurements, (iv) no need for
extensive sample preparation, and (v) the provision of an average fluid content over a
large sample volume (100–900 mL).
Acceleration potential of a Swiss-inspired approach to the site selection procedure
Authors: Schuck Bernhard , Richter Lisa , Dlugosch Raphael , Pollok Lukas
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The Federal Company for Radioactive Waste Disposal (BGE), the implementer of Germany's site selection procedure to identify a site suitable to safely
dispose of its high-level nuclear waste, recently proposed a timeline
suggesting the period between 2046 and 2068 as potential time slot for the
final site decision (BGE, 2022). Thus, the decision is expected to be made
substantially later than envisaged by the Site Selection Act, which states
that one should aim for 2031 (StandAG, 2017). The BGE document not only details the timeline resulting in a site decision by mid-century but also outlines an alternative exploration approach inspired by the Swiss site selection procedure, which – if pursued – would enable substantial time gains. The core of this approach is a paradigm shift from exploration programs designed to acquire all data legally required for the safety analyses to data acquisition explicitly aiming at a site comparison during the respective exploration phase. Consequently, full-scale exploration would only be performed for those
siting regions having passed the comparison. This contribution aims to detail and discuss this approach more thoroughly, based on the BGR's experience regarding the exploration of the subsurface. It focuses on the geoscientific aspects of this approach, while neglecting others such as the legal and administrative challenges. Owing to the basic idea of this alternative exploration approach, first a set of parameters suitable to differentiate potentially “better-suited” siting regions from “worse-suited” ones has to be identified. There are two main requirements for this set of parameters, namely the (i) general acceptance by the scientific community and (ii) capability to account for the specific characteristics of the individual host rock types while (still) ensuring the comparability of different rock types.
The slip tendency of 3D faults in Germany
Authors: Röckel Luisa , Ahlers Steffen , Morawietz Sophia , Müller Birgit , Hergert Tobias , Reiter Karsten , Henk Andreas , Ziegler Moritz , Heidbach Oliver , Schilling Frank
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Fault reactivation potential is a crucial aspect for many underground utilizations, such as the construction and long-term safety
of a nuclear waste repository, as seismic events can endanger these
operations. An estimation of the fault reactivation potential requires
information about the stress field, but stress data are only available
pointwise and are not evenly distributed throughout Germany. Geomechanical–numerical modeling can be used to derive a spatially continuous description of all six independent components of the stress
tensor as shown by the model of Germany by Ahlers et al. (2022). Information
about the geometry of faults extending several kilometers in depth is provided for most areas in Germany by the geological models of the federal
states and geological models created in the framework of projects such as
GeoMol (Assessing subsurface potentials of the Alpine Foreland Basins for sustainable planning and use of natural resources) or GeORG (Geopotenziale des tieferen Untergrundes im Oberrheingraben). We use the 3D fault geometries provided by such models and map the stress data from the Germany model by Ahlers et al. (2022) onto these faults. Then, assuming hydrostatic pore pressure, we
calculate the so-called slip tendency (TS), the ratio between resolved
shear stress and the effective normal stress on the fault plane as a measure
of fault reactivation potential. A fault is considered critical when its TS value exceeds its coefficient of friction. In general, TS ranges between 0 and 0.7 for the analyzed faults. The highest overall TS values are observed along the NNE–SSW-striking Upper
Rhine Graben, where TS routinely reaches and exceeds values of 0.7. In
the North German Basin, the Ore Mountains and Saxony only very few TS
values exceed 0.7. The area with the lowest overall TS is the Molasse
Basin, where the TS of the mostly WSW–ENE-striking faults only rarely exceeds values of 0.4. In general, N–S- to NNE–SSW- and NW–SE-striking faults show the highest TS values, whereas WSW–ENE-striking faults show the overall lowest values. With increasing depth, TS decreases. Pore pressure and overpressure have the potential to significantly influence the
resulting TS.
Deep-future climate change scenarios for site selection of nuclear waste disposal in Germany
Authors: Kaufhold Christine , Ganopolski Andrey
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Glacial cycles are primarily attributed to Earth's evolving orbital parameters, which change the amount of insolation received by the high latitudes in summer. Another significant aspect is how much of this solar energy is retained. Recent research (Ganopolski et al., 2016) has shown a connection between the maximum summer insolation at 65∘ N and CO2 concentration needed for glacial inception. As available fossil fuel
reserves have the capacity to impact the climate hundreds of thousands of
years into the future (Archer and Ganopolski, 2005), there is a great deal of uncertainty regarding when (and how) glacial cycles will resume under
different emission scenarios. Using the newly developed Earth system model of intermediate complexity,
CLIMBER-X (Willeit et al., 2022), in conjunction to a reduced complexity
model of glacial cycles (Talento and Ganopolski, 2021), the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) will provide a set of deep-future climate change scenarios for Germany for the next 100 000 years (more detailed scenarios) and for the next 1 million years. These experiments will be evaluated in collaboration with other project partners and seek to quantify the degree of uncertainty in Earth's climate for the site selection planning of a deep geological repository. The tuning of CLIMBER-X to current glacial conditions is displayed with
regards to paleoclimatic data. Variables in the climate, such as temperature, precipitation, and sea level, are showcased for different
emission scenarios. Conditions of the European ice sheet complex during
future glacial cycles are presented. We argue that these results should be
considered when discussing processes which effect the safety of a nuclear
waste repository, including subterranean stress, permafrost, groundwater
changes, chemical reactions, erosion, and subrosion. A detailed analysis and sensitivity study of the model simulations will be performed to assess the overall uncertainty associated with the climate response due to different cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emissions and model parameters.
Evaluating the impact of enhanced horizontal resolution over the Antarctic domain using a variable-resolution Earth system model
Authors: Datta Rajashree Tri , Herrington Adam , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Schneider David P. , Trusel Luke , Yin Ziqi , Dunmire Devon
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Earth system models are essential tools for understanding
the impacts of a warming world, particularly on the contribution of polar
ice sheets to sea level change. However, current models lack full coupling
of the ice sheets to the ocean and are typically run at a coarse resolution
(1∘ grid spacing or coarser). Coarse spatial resolution is
particularly a problem over Antarctica, where sub-grid-scale orography is
well-known to influence precipitation fields, and glacier models require
high-resolution atmospheric inputs. This resolution limitation has been
partially addressed by regional climate models (RCMs), which must be forced
at their lateral and ocean surface boundaries by (usually coarser) global
atmospheric datasets, However, RCMs fail to capture the two-way coupling
between the regional domain and the global climate system. Conversely,
running high-spatial-resolution models globally is computationally
expensive and can produce vast amounts of data. Alternatively, variable-resolution grids can retain the benefits of high
resolution over a specified domain without the computational costs of
running at a high resolution globally. Here we evaluate a historical
simulation of the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2)
implementing the spectral element (SE) numerical dynamical core (VR-CESM2)
with an enhanced-horizontal-resolution (0.25∘) grid over the
Antarctic Ice Sheet and the surrounding Southern Ocean; the rest of the
global domain is on the standard 1∘ grid. We compare it to
1∘ model runs of CESM2 using both the SE dynamical core and the
standard finite-volume (FV) dynamical core, both with identical physics and
forcing, including prescribed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea ice concentrations from
observations. Our evaluation reveals both improvements and degradations in
VR-CESM2 performance relative to the 1∘ CESM2. Surface mass
balance estimates are slightly higher but within 1 standard deviation of
the ensemble mean, except for over the Antarctic Peninsula, which is
impacted by better-resolved surface topography. Temperature and wind
estimates are improved over both the near surface and aloft, although the
overall correction of a cold bias (within the 1∘ CESM2 runs) has
resulted in temperatures which are too high over the interior of the ice
sheet. The major degradations include the enhancement of surface melt as
well as excessive cloud liquid water over the ocean, with resultant impacts
on the surface radiation budget. Despite these changes, VR-CESM2 is a
valuable tool for the analysis of precipitation and surface mass balance
and thus constraining estimates of sea level rise associated with the
Antarctic Ice Sheet.
A Code-to-Code Comparison for Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Simulation in Realistic Environmental Conditions: Quantifying the Impact of Modeling Fidelity on Different Substructure Concepts
Authors: Papi Francesco , Troise Giancarlo , Behrens de Luna Robert , Saverin Joseph , Perez-Becker Sebastian , Marten David , Ducasse Marie-Laure , Bianchini Alessandro
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Consensus is arising on considering floating offshore wind as the most promising technologies to increase renewable energy generation offshore. While evolving fast from a technological point of view, Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWTs) are challenging, as their performance and loads are governed by complex dynamics that are a result of the coupled influence of wind, waves, and currents on the structures. Many open challenges are therefore still in place, especially from a modeling perspective. This study contributes to the understanding of the impact of modeling differences on FOWT loads by comparing three FOWT simulation codes, QBlade-Ocean, OpenFAST, and DeepLines Wind® and three substructure designs, a semi-submersible, a spar-buoy, and the two-part concept Hexafloat in realistic environmental conditions. This extensive comparison represents one of the main outcomes of the H2020 project FLOATECH. In accordance with international standards for FOWT certification, multiple design situations are compared, including operation in normal power production and parked conditions. Results show that the compared codes agree well in the prediction of the system dynamics, regardless of the fidelity of the underlying modeling theories. Some differences between the codes emerged however in the analysis of fatigue loads, where, contrary to extreme loads, specific trends can be noted. With respect to QBlade-Ocean, OpenFAST was found to overestimate lifetime damage equivalent loads up to 14 %. DeepLines Wind®, on the other hand, underestimated lifetime fatigue loads by up to 13.5 %. Regardless of the model and FOWT design however, differences in fatigue loads are larger for tower base loads than for blade root loads, due to the larger influence substructure dynamics have on these loads.
Narrating the Danube Swabian Identity and Experience from Women's Perspective
Authors: Schwartz Agatha
Published: September 2023

This article uses selected memoirs by American women who came from the Danube Swabian minority in present-day Hungary and Serbia (former Yugoslavia). The entire ethnic group was expelled from the region at the end of World War II. All five memoirs were published in the new millennium. This article examines how the narratives frame memories of a prewar happy childhood from young women’s perspective. The childhood memories are presented in stark contrast to the authors’ postwar experiences of expulsion, sexual violence, genocide, flight, and the eventual building of a new life in a new country. All narratives document the brutality with which the Danube Swabian communities were destroyed, particularly in Yugoslavia. Nostalgic overtones about a lost homeland intersect with a lasting feeling of being atopos—i.e., “of no place,” in exile and in the diaspora. While most of the narratives emphasize Danube Swabian victimhood, one narrative stands out in its attempt to create a more multidirectional approach to memory about World War II. agathas@uottawa.ca
Materiality and Making Meaning
Authors: Szénási Zoltán
Published: September 2023

In recent decades, scholars working in the realm of the metaphilology have focused increasingly on the materiality of texts; that is, the material aspect of texts in the making of meaning (cf.  Jerome McGann’s “bibliographic code”). This article sets out by clarifying what we mean by the materiality of a text; it does so by outlining and discussing the ideas advanced by George Bornstein. Applying the methodology of historical bibliography, it then examines how the changing material context of the poem “Fortissimo,” by one of Hungary’s towering early twentieth-century literary figures, Mihály Babits, influenced that poem’s interpretability from the first stage of its existence to its multiple republications. This poem’s publication history is exceptional from several perspectives. The March 1, 1917, issue of the journal Nyugat was confiscated because of the poem, and its author was prosecuted for blasphemy. But the poem was published in French the same year, and in two anthologies in German the following year. “Fortissimo” became available in Hungarian again only after the Aster Revolution of 1918, in the volume A diadalmas forradalom könyve (The Book of the Triumphant Revolution), alongside works by many other authors, and, within days, once again in Nyugat. Szenasi.Zoltan@abtk.hu
Joseph de Fontenay, Vilmos de Huszár, the Revue de Hongrie, and Trianon
Authors: Allen Marguerite de Huszár
Published: September 2023

This article addresses the still-perplexing question, as put by historian Andrew Ludányi: “Why were [Hungarians] punished the most severely by the Entente?” It does so by contextualizing Viscount Joseph de Fontenay’s influence on Hungary’s fate before, during, and after World War I. Events while Fontenay was French consul to Hungary (1906–1912) embittered him against his former Hungarian friends. He expressed his rancor in a 1920 letter to the French leader who implemented the Treaty of Versailles after Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau resigned. While in Budapest, Fontenay had founded the successful Hungarian cultural journal, Revue de Hongrie, in French, to form “a durable bond” between the two countries. Vilmos Huszár, editor-in-chief and later owner of the Revue, worked closely with Fontenay. However, historical events drove the journal’s focus toward political issues and support for Austria-Hungary, France’s enemy. Fontenay’s involvement in shaping postwar alliances and sentiment had a negative effect on Hungary’s fate. Huszár’s diplomatic appointment in 1916 to counter Entente propaganda from Switzerland broadened his outlook on events, offering him unique insights that allowed him to bear witness to the devastating effects of false and misleading Entente propaganda and practices in a book of polemical essays. m.dehuszar@gmail.com
Possibilities for a New Social Model?
Authors: Zachar Péter Krisztián
Published: September 2023

One of the most important terrains of the European search for new ways in politics between the two world wars was the debate on the reorganization and tasks of the state and, within it, of the economy and society. This topic dominated academic discourse in the 1920s and 1930s. The thinkers who sought answers—economists, philosophers, historians, sociologists, and ecclesiastics—could build on the work of early predecessors, reaching back as far as Thomas Aquinas’s “organic view of society,” later embodied in the economic and political theory of Jesuit solidarism. The common feature of the theories that emerged in the interwar period was that they approached the construction of the state not from the point of view of the individual, but from that of social groups. Vid Mihelics, a prominent exponent of these ideas in Hungary, devoted his journalistic, scientific, and political activities to the Hungarian Catholic revival. His interests focused on social issues and related teachings of the Church. His writings sought solutions through the ideas of Christian humanism, which for him was “the inalienable essence of true Europeanism.” His writings can help us better understand how interconnected Hungarian intellectual life was with European trends in the interwar period. zachar.peter.krisztian@uni-nke.hu
Indução percutânea de colágeno no tratamento de cicatrizes de acne: relato de técnica
Authors: Cansado Valéria Dal Col , Dias Fernanda Ferreira
Published: September 2023

As cicatrizes resultantes das lesões de acne podem levar à problemas psicológicos e sociais. O objetivo de estudo foi relatar um caso de tratamento de cicatrizes de acne associando a hidroxiapatita de cálcio diluída e subcisão, à técnica de indução percutânea de colágeno com infusão de ativos com toxina botulínica e peelings - PROTOCOLL®, finalizado com preenchimento de ácido hialurônico. Trata-se de um paciente saudável, com cicatrizes permanentes decorrentes da acne. A hidroxiapatita de cálcio 30% foi diluída na proporção 1:1 com anestésico, e distribuída na camada subdérmica com auxílio de uma cânula logo após a realização da subcisão. Posteriormente, o PROTOCOLL® foi realizado utilizando um dispositivo de administração composto por microagulhas isoladas, a fim de proporcionar a penetração dos ativos desejados em várias profundidades na epiderme e na derme. As cicatrizes de acne melhoraram com o protocolo proposto, promovendo mínimo tempo de inatividade e satisfação da paciente. A associação de técnicas na redução das cicatrizes de acne se mostrou promissora em relação às técnicas usuais.
Mechanics of The Medial Gastrocnemius–Tendon Unit in Behaving more Efficiently in Habitual Non-Rearfoot Strikers than in Rearfoot Strikers during Running
Authors: Deng Liqin , Zhang Xini , Dai Boyi , Xiao Songlin , Zhang Faning , Fu Weijie
Published: September 2023

This study aims to quantify how habitual foot strike patterns would affect ankle kinetics and the behavior and mechanics of the medial gastrocnemius–tendon unit (MTU) during running. A total of 14 runners with non-rearfoot strike patterns (NRFS) and 15 runners with rearfoot strike patterns (RFS) ran on an instrumented treadmill at a speed of 9 km/h. An ultrasound system and a motion capture system were synchronously triggered to collect the ultrasound images of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and marker positions along with ground reaction forces (GRF) during running. Ankle kinetics (moment and power) and MG/MTU behavior and mechanical properties (MG shortening length, velocity, force, power, MTU shortening/lengthening length, velocity, and power) were calculated. Independent t-tests were performed to compare the two groups of runners. Pearson correlation was conducted to detect the relationship between foot strike angle and the MTU behavior and mechanics. Compared with RFS runners, NRFS runners had 1) lower foot strike angles and greater peak ankle moments; 2) lower shortening/change length and contraction velocity and greater MG peak force; 3) greater MTU lengthening, MTU shortening length and MTU lengthening velocity and power; 4) the foot strike angle was positively related to the change of fascicle length, fascicle contraction length, and MTU shortening length during the stance phase. The foot strike angle was negatively related to the MG force and MTU lengthening power. The MG in NRFS runners appears to contract with greater force in relatively isometric behavior and at a slower shortening velocity. Moreover, the lengthening length, the lengthening velocity of MTU, and the MG force were greater in habitual NRFS runners, leading to a stronger stretch reflex response potentially.
The first-party professional certification body: hope and reality
Authors: Darmawijaya I Gede
Published: September 2023

The first-party professional certification body in higher educational institutions plays a significant role in filtering the quality of the graduates as it certifies the students' competency. The low quality of the assessment process and the negative perceptions of the graduates indicated the mismanagement of this body that motivated the researcher to investigate the understanding of this body’s stakeholders toward the qualification scheme of competency. The objectives of this research were to identify the needs of five stakeholders and their understanding of the qualification scheme. This research made use of the deep interview to collect data from purposively listed informants. The analysis method applied for this research was Stakeholder Analysis and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The results showed that the needs of stakeholders were not identified, so they were not addressed in designing the business process and its cascading assessment instruments. The second finding was that the understanding of the stakeholders toward the qualification scheme was very low, affecting their low performance in conducting competency assessments. The implications of the findings are the advisory and management teams need to identify the needs of stakeholders. Furthermore, dissemination or training or workshop on designing qualification schemes and their cascading instruments are urgently needed.
Penerapan Protokol Kesehatan Terhadap Penanganan Tamu Check-In Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Six Senses Uluwatu Bali
Authors: Sunarsa I Wayan , Lesmanawati Ni Kadek Anggairah , Iswarini Ni Ketut
Published: September 2023

This study aims to determine the application of health protocols to the handling of check-in guests during the covid-19 pandemic at Six Senses Uluwatu Bali. Methods of data collection with documentation, observation and interviews. The data analysis used by the researcher is a qualitative descriptive technique. This study uses the CHSE (cleanliness, health, safety, environment sustainability) implementation guideline which is a benchmark for the standard of reception of check-in guests at Six Senses Uluwatu Bali during the covid-19 pandemic. The results showed that the application of health protocols to the handling of check-in guests carried out by the receptionist during the covid-19 pandemic at Six Senses Uluwatu Bali was basically in accordance with the standard operating procedure. It was said that from 2 activities, namely preparation and reception of check-in guests with 22 criteria, there were 12 criteria that had been applied 100% and 10 criteria had not been applied 100%. From the results of the study, it can be recommended that receptionist officers are expected to be able to carry out the process of cleaning the work area before starting work (2) periodically spraying disinfectant at least 3 times a day, (3) and ensuring check-in equipment is complete and sterile.
Persediaan Lena pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Novotel Bali Nusa Dua & Residences
Authors: Samita Ni Kadek Eky , Wulan Anak Agung Istri Ratna Sari , Seniartha I Wayan
Published: September 2023

Proyek akhir ini adalah “Persediaan Lena Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Novotel Bali Nusa Dua & Residences”. Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini untuk mengetahui persediaan lena pada masa pandemi covid-19 di Novotel Bali Nusa Dua & Residences. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dengan teknik wawancara dan teknik dokumentasi yang dilakukan secara daring serta analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah deskripti f kualitatif yakni dengan menganalisis sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan persediaan lena yang ada di Hotel Novotel Bali Nusa Dua & Residence dengan mengacu pada teori yaitu, menurut Rumekso (2001:165), Minimal persediaan lena yang harus dimiliki oleh suatu hotel dalam operasionalnya adalah 3 par stock yaitu: 1 par terpasang, 1 par kotor, 1 par siap pakai. Kemudian membandingkan dan menganalisis dengan teori tersebut sampai mendapatkan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persediaan lena pada masa pandemi Covid-19 yang dimiliki Novotel Bali Nusa Dua sebagian besar kurang dengan persentase 20% yang diakibatkan karena adanya lena yang kotor, robek serta rusak.

Kata kunci:

Persediaan, par stock, lena, pandemi, Covid-19, housekeeping
Implementasi Prosedur Penyiapan Kamar Tamu Di Hotel Golden Tulip Jineng Resort Bali
Authors: Kumara Luigi Viriya , Seniartha I Wayan , Arthini Ni Nyoman Suci
Published: September 2023

This study aims to determine the implementation of the application of guest room preparation at the Golden Tulip Jineng Resort Bali Hotel. This research is carried out to find out things of a negative nature or shortcomings that need to be corrected. To obtain data, data collection techniques are applied in the form of observations and interviews. The analysis method used is descriptive qualitative, in this writing the data obtained such as: the results of observations regarding the implementation of the implementation of guest room preparation at the Golden Tulip Jineng Resort Bali Hotel which refers to the established standard operating procedures. The results of this study show that the implementation of the implementation of guest room preparation at the Golden Tulip Jineng Resort Bali Hotel is not satisfactory. Golden Tulip Jineng Resort Bali Hotel needs to improve several services by the Room Attendant to always follow the standard operating procedures set from the hotel. This aims to reduce the number of guest complaints