bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonstationary random vibration analysis of structures with uncertain parameters based on a polynomial dimensional decomposition
Authors: Liu Fan , Zhao Yan , Li Lixiang
Published: November 2022

Based on polynomial dimensional decomposition (PDD), a novel method for analysing nonstationary random vibration of structures with uncertain parameters is proposed in this paper. The uncertain structural parameters are assumed to be independent random variables, with certain types of probability distributions; thus, the nonstationary random vibration responses of the structures become stochastic functions of these uncertain parameters. A dimensional decomposition and Fourier expansion were applied to calculate the statistical characteristics of the nonstationary random vibration responses of the structures. To calculate the conditional power spectral density (CPSD) and conditional standard deviation (CSD) of the nonstationary random vibration responses, CPSD and CSD were explicitly expressed using expansion coefficients and polynomial basis. Subsequently, the probability distributions of the structural responses can be effectively calculated in terms of these explicit expressions. Dimension‐reduction integration and Gauss numerical integration were applied to calculate expansion coefficients. The validity of the proposed method was verified by numerical examples, including a single‐degree‐of‐freedom system and a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system (reinforced concrete shear wall). The results indicate that the proposed method is as accurate as Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), whereas the proposed method requires considerably smaller number of nonstationary random vibration analyses than MCS. Moreover, the nonstationary random vibration analysis of a long‐span cable‐stayed bridge demonstrates that the proposed method is feasible for quantifying the uncertainties of the nonstationary random vibration responses of complex engineering structures with uncertain parameters.
Caregivers' depressive symptom trajectories and risk of cognitive impairment among older adults with functional limitations: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Jiang Nan , Lou Vivian W. Q.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Caregiver (CG)'s depression is common and its prevalence is rising. The relationship of CG depression with care recipients (CR)'s subsequent cognitive impairment remains unclear. This study examines the association of CG depressive symptoms trajectories with 6‐year cognitive impairment risk among care recipients (CR) who are older adults with functional limitations.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data cohorts from 2010 to 2016. The sample included 810 community‐dwelling older adults aged ≥75 years, dementia free at baseline, with their primary caregiver dyads. CG's depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The main outcomes were incident mild, moderate, and severe cognitive impairment of CRs measured using Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire. Group‐based trajectory modeling identified three CG depressive symptom trajectory groups. Competing risks regression analysis modeled the hazards as a function of CG depressive symptom trajectories.

Results

Of 810 CRs, 3% developed severe cognitive impairment, 21% had moderate cognitive impairment, and 37% had mild cognitive impairment. Only CG's “Increasing” trajectory group predicted increased risk of CR's mild and moderate cognitive impairment relative to “persistently low” group (subhazard ratio [SHR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI], p < 0.05; SHR = 1.87, 95% CI, p < 0.05, respectively).

Conclusions and Implications

Finding highlight the intricate and non‐linear association between CG depressive trajectory and CR cognitive impairment. This evidence can be used to enlighten policymakers and health providers about the need for risk stratification screening for CG mental health and early treatment for CG depression to prevent or delay CR's cognitive impairment.
Insider trading, gender diversity within the board room, CEO pay gap, and stock price crash risk
Authors: Le Viet Phuong , Nguyen Ann‐Ngoc , Gregoriou Andros
Published: November 2022

This paper investigates the impact of insider trading and managerial attributes on future stock price crashes. We conduct a series of regressions addressing the managerial attributes determinants of future stock price crashes including gender diversity, CEO age, and CEO power (measured by CEO pay disparity, CEO tenure and CEO duality). Our empirical results reveal a positive association between insider purchases and price crash risk. This implies that other than compensation and career concerns, insiders hoard bad news to fulfil their trading incentives. Our positive coefficients of insider sales also suggest that insider sellers can assess inside information promptly and anticipate shortly before the crashes. We further document that the presence of female directors on boards can mitigate stock price crash risk. However, firms with powerful or younger Chief Executive Officers are more likely to experience crashes. Overall, we highlight the importance of corporate managerial attributes in dealing with information asymmetry problems.
Impaired Bone Architecture in Peripubertal Children With HIV, Despite Treatment With Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study From Zimbabwe
Authors: Mukwasi-Kahari Cynthia , Rehman Andrea M , Ó Breasail Mícheál , Rukuni Ruramayi , Madanhire Tafadzwa , Chipanga Joseph , Stranix-Chibanda Lynda , Micklesfield Lisa K , Ferrand Rashida A , Ward Kate A , Gregson Celia L
Published: November 2022

HIV infection has multi-system adverse effects in children, including on the growing skeleton. We aimed to determine the association between chronic HIV infection and bone architecture (density, size, strength) in peripubertal children. We conducted a cross-sectional study of children aged 8 to 16 years with HIV (CWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and children without HIV (CWOH) recruited from schools and frequency-matched for age strata and sex. Outcomes, measured by tibial peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), included 4% trabecular and 38% cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), 4% and 38% cross-sectional area (CSA), and 38% stress–strain index (SSI). Multivariable linear regression tested associations between HIV status and outcomes, stratified by sex and puberty (Tanner 1–2 versus 3–5), adjusting for age, height, fat mass, physical activity, and socioeconomic and orphanhood statuses. We recruited 303 CWH and 306 CWOH; 50% were female. Although CWH were similar in age to CWOH (overall mean ± SD 12.4 ± 2.5 years), more were prepubertal (ie, Tanner 1; 41% versus 23%). Median age at ART initiation was 4 (IQR 2–7) years, whereas median ART duration was 8 (IQR 6–10) years. CWH were more often stunted (height-for-age Z-score <−2) than those without HIV (33% versus 7%). Both male and female CWH in later puberty had lower trabecular vBMD, CSA (4% and 38%), and SSI than those without HIV, whereas cortical density was similar. Adjustment explained some of these differences; however, deficits in bone size persisted in CWH in later puberty (HIV*puberty interaction p = 0.035 [males; 4% CSA] and p = 0.029 [females; 38% CSA]). Similarly, puberty further worsened the inverse association between HIV and bone strength (SSI) in both males (interaction p = 0.008) and females (interaction p = 0.004). Despite long-term ART, we identified deficits in predicted bone strength in those living with HIV, which were more overt in the later stages of puberty. This is concerning, as this may translate to higher fracture risk later in life. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Doubly labelled water‐calibrated energy intake associations with mortality risk among older adults
Authors: Watanabe Daiki , Yoshida Tsukasa , Watanabe Yuya , Kimura Misaka , Yamada Yosuke ,   Kyoto–Kameoka Study Group
Published: November 2022

Background

The body mass index (BMI) is closely related to mortality risk, and energy intake (EI) is essential for maintaining energy balance in weight control. However, self‐reported EI has been shown to lead to a systematic underestimation. Total energy expenditure measured using the doubly labelled water (DLW) method is considered an objective biomarker of EI and the gold standard for its estimation in individuals with stable body weight. We aimed to examine the association between DLW‐calibrated EI and BMI on overall mortality risk in older adults.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was performed using data of 8051 (4267 women and 3784 men) Japanese older adults from the Kyoto–Kameoka Study in Japan. Calibrated EI was calculated from the estimated EI using a food frequency questionnaire and equation developed based on DLW. Participants were classified by quartiles based on their EI stratified by sex. BMI was calculated using self‐reported height and body weight. Mortality data were collected between 30 July 2011 and 30 November 2016. Statistical analysis was performed using the multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazard model with a restricted cubic spline.

Results

The 8051 participants' mean (standard deviation) age and BMI were 73.5 (6.1) years and 22.6 (3.0) kg/m2, respectively. The mean (standard deviation) EI with and without calibration was 1909 (145) kcal/day and 1569 (358) kcal/day in women and 2383 (160) kcal/day and 1980 (515) kcal/day in men, respectively. During the median 4.75 years of follow‐up (36 552 person‐years), 661 deaths were recorded. In both women (hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.41, 0.98]) and men (HR, 0.62; 95% CI [0.44, 0.87]), after adjusting for confounders, the top quartile as compared with the bottom calibrated EI quartile showed a negative association with risk of all‐cause mortality. The lowest HR for all‐cause mortality was 1900–2000 kcal/day in women and 2400–2600 kcal/day in men. However, after adjusting for BMI, no significant association was observed between the calibrated EI and the risk of death. These associations could not be confirmed in the uncalibrated EI. The HR for mortality was minimal at a BMI of 23 kg/m2 in both men and women, with or without adjustment for the calibrated EI.

Conclusions

Calibrated EI was negatively associated with mortality risk but not uncalibrated EI. This may be mediated by an increase in body weight over time. Caution is required when interpreting the association between EI and mortality risk without adjusting for self‐reported measurement errors and outcomes.
Peritumoral and Intratumoral Texture Features Based on Multiparametric MRI and Multiple Machine Learning Methods to Preoperatively Evaluate the Pathological Outcomes of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Xie Ni , Fan Xuhui , Chen Desheng , Chen Jingwen , Yu Hongwei , He Meijuan , Liu Hao , Yin Xiaorui , Li Baiwen , Wang Han
Published: November 2022

Background

Radiomics‐based preoperative evaluation of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and histological grade (HG) might facilitate the decision‐making for pancreatic cancer and further efforts are needed to develop effective models.

Purpose

To develop multiparametric MRI (MP‐MRI)‐based radiomics models to evaluate LNM and HG.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

The pancreatic cancer patients from the main center (n = 126) were assigned to the training and validation sets at a 4:1 ratio. The patients from the other center (n = 40) served as external test sets.

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3.0 T and 1.5 T/T2‐weighted imaging, diffusion‐weighted imaging, and dynamic contrast enhancement T1‐weighted imaging.

Assessment

A total of 10,686 peritumoral and intratumoral radiomics features were extracted which contained first‐order, shape‐based, and texture features. The following three‐step method was applied to reduce the feature dimensionality: SelectKBest (a function from scikit‐learn package), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and recursive feature elimination based on random forest (RFE‐RF). Six classifiers (random forest, logistic regression, support vector machine, K‐nearest neighbor, decision tree, and XGBOOST) were trained and selected based on their performance to construct the clinical, radiomics, and combination models.

Statistical Tests

Delong's test was used to compare the models' performance. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Twelve significant features for LNM and 11 features for HG were obtained. Random forest and logistic regression performed better than the other classifiers in evaluating LNM and HG, respectively, according to the surgical pathological results. The best performance was obtained with the models that combined peritumoral and intratumoral features with area under curve (AUC) values of 0.944 and 0.892 in the validation and external test sets for HG and 0.924 and 0.875 for LNM.

Data Conclusion

Radiomics holds the potential to evaluate LNM and HG of pancreatic cancer. The combination of peritumoral and intratumoral features will make models more accurate.

Evidence Level

4.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.
Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) comparison to 3D‐conformal technique in lung stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR)
Authors: Mark Frances , Alnsour Anoud , Penfold Scott N. , Esterman Adrian , Keys Robert , Le Hien
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) can be a curative option for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and oligometastatic lung disease. Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) has offered further advancements in terms of radiation dose shaping without compromising treatment times however there is potential for greater low‐dose exposure to the lung. This study was to assess whether VMAT lung SABR would result in any increase to the dosimetry parameters compared with three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D‐CRT) that could confer increased risk of radiation pneumonitis.

Methods

A total of 53 and 30 3D‐CRT treatment plans of patients treated with 48 Gy in 4 fractions were compared.

Results

No statistically significant difference in planning target volumes between the VMAT 29.9 cc (range 12.4–58.5 cc) and 3D‐CRT 31.2 cc (range 12.3–58.3 cc) P = 0.79. The mean of total lung V5, ipsilateral lung V5 and contralateral lung V5 all showed a trend of being smaller in the VMAT treatment group‐ 14% versus 15.8%, 25.6% versus 30.4% and 1.6% versus 2.2%, respectively, but all were not statistically significant differences. Mean of the mean lung dose MLD, again showed a trend of being lower in the VMAT treatments but was also non‐significant, 2.6 Gy versus 3.0 Gy, P = 1.0. Mean V20 was the same in both cohorts, 3.3%.

Conclusions

The dosimetry for 3D‐CRT and VMAT plans were not significantly different including V5, and therefore we conclude that VMAT treatment is unlikely to be associated with an increased risk of radiation pneumonitis.
Future frequency and intensity of Western Disturbance(s)
Authors: Midhuna Thayyil Mandodi , Dimri Ashok Priyadarshan , Suneeth Kuniyil Viswanathan , Pattanaik Dushmanta Ranjan
Published: November 2022

Western Disturbances (WDs) are the primary contributor of winter precipitation over the Western Himalayas (WH). The precipitation falling as snow is essential for Himalayan glaciers accumulation, contributing to Himalayan rivers supporting downstream population of the Indian subcontinent. Climate change has affected the Himalayas, which is noticeable through lesser snowfall and higher melt leading to critical water resource stresses and managements. Available climate models are one of the best available tools to assess precipitation changes over and around the Himalayas. Inherent uncertainties and errors in these numerical models need a certain urge for improvement. Integration of statistical models and methods on top of dynamical models provide better insight and utility in associated processes. Thus, a statistical relationship between various predictors and precipitation over the region is investigated. Available observations from APHRODITE and ERA‐I and model fields from EC‐EARTH‐RCA4 (a CORDEX‐SA member) is used. Multiple linear regression (MLR) model is used to establish statistical estimates using meteorological variables as predictors and precipitation. The correlation between the predictors and precipitation is determined, and a contour depicting maximum correlation is used to estimate regression coefficients. The MLR model is trained during present (1987–2005) and tested during 2006–2007. Higher positive correlations between observations and MLR model are found. This developed MLR model is then implemented for assessing future WDs under RCP8.5 scenario. The intensity and frequency of WDs are calculated during the present and future. Model‐based WDs' intensities slightly deviate from the corresponding observations in present. But the model‐based WDs' frequencies match with the corresponding observations in present. The results indicate that WDs show a decreasing trend in frequency and intensity in the present and near‐future. But in far‐future intensity of WDs shows an increasing trend.
An update on the nutritional profiles of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), amaranth (Amaranthus spp.), and chia (Salvia hispanica L.), three key species with the potential to contribute to food security worldwide
Authors: Olmos Enrique , Roman‐Garcia Inmaculada , Reguera Maria , Mestanza Camilo , Fernandez‐Garcia Nieves
Published: November 2022

One of the major challenges facing the world nowadays is to ensure enough access to healthy food for a growing population. Under this food scenario, it should be noted that increasing food production is as important as improving its nutritional quality. Thus, different agronomy research and innovation programs have pursued food security through the increase in the quantity and nutritional quality of plant‐based foods. One key aspect in this respect is to increase agrobiodiversity by expanding the cultivation of underutilized highly nutritious crops such as chia, quinoa, or amaranth. The outstanding nutritional value of these crops resides in the compositional characteristics of their seeds, which include the presence of significant levels (and a good balance) of proteins, essential amino acids, lipids, and other components such as phenols, minerals, fiber, or vitamins, all contributing to support nutritious diets that also has health benefits such as the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. All of them, chia, amaranth, and quinoa, are considered emerging crops outside their center of origin (which is mainly located in South America), and their cultivation has been expanded worldwide in the last decade. This review mainly highlights recent knowledge about the nutritional characteristics of these three Latin American crops, with the aim of providing an updated information regarding the compositional profiles of their seeds.
Modulation of PPARα‐thermogenesis gut microbiota interactions in obese mice administrated with zingerone
Authors: Li Xiaoping , Yao Yexuan , Yu Chengwei , Wei Teng , Xi Qinghua , Li Jing , Chen Fang , Deng Ze‐Yuan , Luo Ting
Published: November 2022

Background

This study aimed to uncover the potential effects of zingerone (ZIN), one of the bioactive compounds in ginger, on the development of obesity as well as the mechanisms responsible for these effects in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high‐fat diet (HFD).

Results

Supplementation with 0.2% (wt/wt) zingerone for 16 weeks significantly reduced the final body weight, liver weight, and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) weight without changing the food intake of the mice when compared with the HFD group. The hyperlipidemia of HFD‐fed mice was ameliorated after zingerone administration, including decreased plasma triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) level. The lipid content in liver was lower and the adipocyte size in eWAT and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) was smaller in HFD + ZIN‐fed mice compared with HFD group. Zingerone also binds with nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) with an optimal docking energy of −7.31 kJ/mol. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PPAR‐γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), and PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), the downstream genes of PPAR which are related to thermogenic function of adipocytes, were significantly increased in both brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) after zingerone administration, in comparison with HFD fed mice. Zingerone intake also restructured the community composition of gut microbiota. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was decreased, and the relative abundance of Akkermansia_mucinphila was increased.

Conclusion

Zingerone can attenuate obesity and related symptoms in HFD‐fed mice, probably through the modulation of PPARα‐thermogenesis‐gut microbiota interactions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Antioxidant addition improves cholesterol and astaxanthin stability in dry salted shrimp
Authors: Hernández‐Becerra Josafat A , Ochoa‐Flores Angélica A , Rodriguez‐Estrada María T , García Hugo S
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Traditional production of dry salted shrimp enhances cholesterol oxidation and astaxanthin degradation in the product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of the antioxidants butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) to cooked shrimp on the formation of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) and astaxanthin degradation during solar drying of shrimp.

RESULTS

The added antioxidants significantly inhibited COPs formation after the product was boiled in brine. Smaller amounts of COPs were formed in antioxidant‐treated shrimps (~−23%) as compared to untreated samples. The antioxidants continued to significantly inhibit COPs formation (~−39%) during sun drying. Similarly, TBHQ and BHT reduced by 51.3% and 37.2%, respectively, the degradation rate of astaxanthin, favoring a higher retention of this carotenoid in the final product.

CONCLUSION

The use of the antioxidants BHT and TBHQ in the preparation of dry salted shrimp significantly inhibited the formation of COPs after cooking raw shrimp and during direct solar drying. They also protected astaxanthin contained in the cooked shrimp from photodegradation. These results are technologically relevant because it is possible to prepare a product with a higher content of astaxanthin and lower the presence of hazardous COPs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Efficient optimization and development of two methods for the determination of acrylamide in deep‐frying oil by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Application of multifactor analysis assessment strategy
Authors: Zhang Yanxia , Zhao Huinan , Sun Shanshan , Lu Lanxiang , Xue Xia , Su Shufang , Gong Pixue , Zheng Wenjing , Wang Mingdong , Wang Jun , Zhu Jianhua , Liu Yanming , Zhang Feng
Published: November 2022

A new multifactor analysis assessment strategy was developed for evaluating, optimizing, and comparing analytical techniques for acrylamide in frying oils. Based on five indices (absolute recovery, absolute matrix effect, the intensity of the full ion scan, and the precursor ion scan to m/z 184 and m/z 241), the proposed strategy was performed with radar analysis, relative contribution analysis, and the entropy‐weighted technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution analysis. Two novel methods based on quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction methodology and gel permeation chromatography–liquid–liquid extraction followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry have been developed for the analysis of acrylamide in frying oils. Two methods were suitable for rapid and sensitive analysis of acrylamide in oils in different laboratories, with a limit of quantitation at 2 μg/kg, and the average recovery ranging from 92.5% to 107.8%, with relative standard deviations below 10%. When considering automation efficiency and matrix effects, gel permeation chromatography is the most efficient method, whereas the other method has an advantage when analyzing large samples. The developed methods were used in a pilot study to analyze frying oils with acrylamide content below 9.82 μg/kg, showing that the repeated frying process did not produce significant content of acrylamide in oils.
Cyclophanediene and Cyclophanetriene‐Based Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Mann Arielle , Hannigan Matthew D. , Weck Marcus
Published: November 2022

Poly(p‐phenylene vinylene)s (PPVs) and poly(arylene vinylene)s are key materials for a variety of applications ranging from organic light emitting diodes to fluorescent optical probes. Their syntheses, however, have been hampered by non‐living or step‐growth polymerization techniques. The development of functional‐group tolerant olefin metathesis catalysts has enabled the use of living ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cyclophane monomers yielding PPVs and poly(p‐phenylene‐co‐arylene vinylene)s in a living manner. Low dispersity and soluble PPVs are afforded with control over the number of repeat units with easy incorporation of different end‐groups at their heads or tails. In this review, a comprehensive overview of tetrasubstituted and disubstituted alkyl and alkoxy containing [2.2]paracyclophane‐1,9‐diene, [2.2]metaparacyclophane‐1,9‐diene, [2.2.2]paracyclophane‐1,9,17‐triene, and benzothiadiazole‐[2.2]paracyclophane‐1,9‐diene is provided. The high ring strain of these monomers enables efficient polymerizations with ruthenium initiators. A particular emphasis is on [2.2]paracyclophane‐1,9‐dienes as it is the most investigated class of polymerized cyclophanediene since initially reported 30 years ago. Additionally, applications for soft materials synthesized by ROMP are examined, highlighting easily accessed PPV copolymers and PPV block copolymers that can be phototriggered, as well as PPVs featuring supramolecular recognition units installed at their termini to afford orthogonally self‐assembled architectures.
Long‐Term Recording of Subthalamic Aperiodic Activities and Beta Bursts in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Darmani Ghazaleh , Drummond Neil M. , Ramezanpour Hamidreza , Saha Utpal , Hoque Tasnuva , Udupa Kaviraja , Sarica Can , Zeng Ke , Cortez Grippe Talyta , Nankoo Jean‐Francois , Bergmann Til Ole , Hodaie Mojgan , Kalia Suneil K. , Lozano Andres M. , Hutchison William D. , Fasano Alfonso , Chen Robert
Published: November 2022

Background

Local field potentials (LFPs) represent the summation of periodic (oscillations) and aperiodic (fractal) signals. Although previous studies showed changes in beta band oscillations and burst characteristics of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinson's disease (PD), how aperiodic activity in the STN is related to PD pathophysiology is unknown.

Objectives

The study aimed to characterize the long‐term effects of STN–deep brain stimulation (DBS) and dopaminergic medications on aperiodic activities and beta bursts.

Methods

A total of 10 patients with PD participated in this longitudinal study. Simultaneous bilateral STN‐LFP recordings were conducted in six separate visits during a period of 18 months using the Activa PC + S device in the off and on dopaminergic medication states. We used irregular‐resampling auto‐spectral analysis to separate oscillations and aperiodic components (exponent and offset) in the power spectrum of STN‐LFP signals in beta band.

Results

Our results revealed a systematic increase in both the exponent and the offset of the aperiodic spectrum over 18 months following the DBS implantation, independent of the dopaminergic medication state of patients with PD. In contrast, beta burst durations and amplitudes were stable over time and were suppressed by dopaminergic medications.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that oscillations and aperiodic activities reflect at least partially distinct yet complementary neural mechanisms, which should be considered in the design of robust biomarkers to optimize adaptive DBS. Given the link between increased gamma‐aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) transmission and higher aperiodic activity, our findings suggest that long‐term STN‐DBS may relate to increased inhibition in the basal ganglia. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
The use of plain radiography in diagnosing osteoarthritis: A systematic review and time trend analysis
Authors: Henry‐Blake Connor , Marshall Michelle , Treadwell Kane , Parmar Simran , Higgs Jordan , Edwards John J. , Peat George
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) suggest there is no role for routine radiography in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA). It is not known how consistent this recommendation is across international guidelines, or the impact of UK guidance on domestic OA X‐ray request rates.

Methods

A systematic search identified guideline recommendations on the role of radiography in OA diagnosis. Full texts underwent dual screening and appraisal using the AGREE II tool. A narrative synthesis was performed. Consultation data were extracted from a UK primary care database: the Consultations in Primary Care Archives (CiPCA). The annual proportion of X‐ray requests per 100 OA consulters from 2000 to 2012 were calculated. Joinpoint regression analysis examined if there were changes in the trend of X‐ray request rates and compared these with the publication dates of UK guidelines.

Results

Eighteen evidence‐based OA guidelines were included in the review. Eleven recommended a clinical diagnosis of OA without radiographic confirmation. Seven recommended routine radiography; these guidelines were predominantly for radiologists. A mean of 17.3 X‐rays per 100 patients were requested in patients consulting for OA per year between 2000 and 2012. A statistically significant reduction in X‐ray request rates was seen in 2003.

Conclusion

Recommendations on the role of radiography in OA vary between medical specialty and countries. UK guidelines appear to have had a limited impact on X‐ray request rates in OA.
Theoretical Models, Preparation, Characterization and Applications of Cyanine J‐Aggregates: A Minireview
Authors: Dar Nitzan , Ankari Rinat
Published: November 2022

Cyanines are one of the few kinds of molecules whose absorbance and emission can be shifted in a broad spectral range from the ultraviolet to the near infrared. They can easily transform into J‐aggregates with narrow absorption and emission peaks, along with a redshift in their spectra. This mini‐review presents cyanine dyes and their J‐aggregates and discusses their structure and spectral properties that illustrate their specificities. We summarize the theoretical and experimental state of the art on cyanine J‐aggregates and their applications, also laying the groundwork for cyanine J‐aggregates synthesis and characterization methods.
Ternary copolymers from carbon dioxide, cyclohexane dicarboxylic anhydride, and propylene oxide with improved thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Li Qingshuo , Zhang Ji , Zhang Yudong , Su Yue , Duan Baogen , Li Xiaohong , Zhang Zhijun , Wang Hongxia , Chang Haibo , Lin Tong
Published: November 2022

In this study, for the first time, we used cyclohexane dicarboxylic anhydride (CH) as the third monomer to terpolymerize with carbon dioxide (CO2) and propylene oxide (PO) under the catalysis of zinc glutarate (ZnGA). Incorporating cis‐CH (C‐CH) and trans‐CH (T‐CH) into poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) improved the thermal and mechanical properties and increased the polymer molecular weight and yield. T‐CH showed better improvement than C‐CH because of its twist‐chair form. PPC‐CH containing 3% T‐CH exhibits the glass transition temperature (Tg) and maximum weight thermal decomposition temperature (Tmax) at 38.6 and 263°C, respectively, and shows the Young's modulus and tensile strength about 2.9 GPa and 40.5 MPa, respectively, which has comparable mechanical properties to commercial poly(butylene succinate), polypropylene, and high‐density polyethylene. PPC‐CH may form a novel method to recover CO2 in the form of polymers for various applications.
Psychosocial functioning of parents of Dutch long‐term survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: van Gorp Marloes , Joosten Mala M. H. , Maas Anne , Drenth Babet L. , van der Aa–van Delden Alied , Kremer Leontien C. M. , van Dulmen‐den Broeder Eline , Tissing Wim J. E. , Loonen Jacqueline J. , van der Pal Helena J. H. , de Vries Andrica C. H. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Ronckers Cécile , Bresters Dorine , Louwerens Marloes , Neggers Sebastian J. C. C. M. , van der Heiden‐van der Loo Margriet , Maurice‐Stam Heleen , Grootenhuis Martha A. ,   Dutch LATER study group
Published: November 2022

Objective

To describe health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), post‐traumatic stress and post‐traumatic growth of parents of long‐term survivors of childhood cancer (CCS) and study associated factors.

Methods

Parents of survivors of the Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study LATER cohort below 30 years and diagnosed 1986–2001 were invited to complete the TNO‐AZL Questionnaire for Adult's HRQoL (e.g., sleep and aggressive emotions), Self‐Rating Scale for Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder, Post‐traumatic Growth Inventory, and Illness Cognition Questionnaire. HRQoL domain scores were compared to references using Mann‐Whitney U tests. Correlations between post‐traumatic stress, growth and HRQoL were evaluated. Medical characteristics of their child and illness cognitions were studied as associated factors of HRQOL, post‐traumatic stress and growth. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Parents (n = 661 of n = 448 survivors, 56% female, mean time since child's diagnosis: 21.3 [SD: 3.3] years) reported better HRQoL in social functioning and aggressive emotions than references (r = .08–0.17). Mothers additionally reported better HRQoL in pain, daily activities, sexuality, vitality, positive and depressive emotions (r = .07–0.14). Post‐traumatic stress was symptomatic in 3%, and associated with worse HRQoL (r = −0.27–0.48). Post‐traumatic growth was positively associated to post‐traumatic stress and better HRQoL (r = 0.09–0.12). Cancer recurrence was associated to better HRQoL (β = 0.37–0.46). Acceptance illness cognitions were associated to better (β = 0.12–0.25), and helplessness to worse outcomes (β = 0.14–0.38).

Conclusions

HRQoL of parents of young adult survivors of CCS is comparable to references or slightly better. Only a small proportion reports symptomatic post‐traumatic stress. Improving acceptance and reducing feelings of helplessness may provide treatment targets for parents with psychosocial problems.
Pannier is a key regulator of embryogenesis, pupal development and female reproduction in the insect pest Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Dou Wei , He Li‐Qiang , Yu Shan‐Shan , Chen Jia‐Qing , Zheng Li‐Yuan , Wang Lin , Smagghe Guy , Wang Jin‐Jun
Published: November 2022

Background

Most arthropods are famous for their large reproductive capacity, with the ovary playing a vital role in the process. The study of the regulatory mechanisms of ovarian development may have the potential for a reproduction‐based pest management strategy. GATA‐binding transcription factors (GATAs) as important regulatory factors mediate many physiological processes, including development, immunity, insecticide resistance and reproduction. The Pannier (pnr), a member of GATA family, was confirmed to be involved in ovarian development of Bactrocera dorsalis in our previous study. However, the direct evidence of pnr regulating the fly ovarian development is still lacking.

Results

We used CRISPR/Cas9 to create Bdpnr loss‐of‐function mutations. Homozygous Bdpnr−/− mutants were nonviable, with most individuals dying during embryogenesis, some surviving to the larval stages, and the remaining few dying during pupation. In contrast, heterozygous individuals reached the adult stage, but ovarian development was disrupted, with concomitant decreases in egg laying and hatching rates. We also found that two genes encoding vitellogenin proteins (BdVg1 and BdVg2) and the vitellogenin receptor (BdVgR) were significantly down‐regulated in heterozygous mutants compared to wild‐type controls.

Conclusion

These results indicate that Bdpnr is required for embryonic and post‐embryonic development, including the formation of ovaries. Bdpnr could therefore be considered as a molecular target for tephritid fly pest control. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Investigation of Glucose Sensing Based on Graphene Conductance
Authors: Guo Zeling , Fang Bin , Du Xiaowei , Zhao Li , Li Xinyu , Cao Zhixiong , Huang Xuelong , Sheng Yaohuan , Zhong Juan , Zhao Gaowei , Zeng Xiangfu , Zhao Weidong , Zhong Haijian
Published: November 2022

Glucose sensing based on graphene conductance is investigated by the probe station and COMSOL Multiphysics. The current–voltage (I–V) results from the probe station show that there is a negative linear relationship between graphene conductance and glucose concentration. Using this relationship as the standard curve, the concentration of glucose on graphene can be obtained by measuring the conductance of graphene. The electrical behaviors of different glucose molecules on graphene simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics Toolbox indicate a scattering effect of glucose molecules on current and a more rapidly linear potential drop in the glucose region calculated from the equipotential line distribution, which is consistent with the experimental results. These results provide a new research perspective and method for the sensing of glucose and other biological substances.
Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic Tool for Probing the First‐Cycle Defect Evolution in Magnesium–Sulfur Battery Electrodes
Authors: Sheha Eslam Mohamed , Farrag Mohamed , Refai Hanan Saber , El-Desoky Mohamed Mahmoud , Abdel-Hady Esam
Published: November 2022

Magnesium–sulfur batteries are elusive candidates for the post‐lithium‐ion battery. Their critical challenge for commercialization is rapid capacity fading due to polysulfide shuttle dissolution and slow kinetics during cycling. Insight into the free volumes, morphology, and structural evolution of the sulfur cathode in an Mg/S battery results in a deep understanding of the electrochemical reaction mechanism to further engineer an efficient electrode. In this work, a sulfur cathode with silicon carbide and graphene‐based material S_SiC_GNP is designed and characterized. The full cell based on the Mg anode and S_SiC cathode achieves a high initial discharge capacity of ≈600 mAh g−1 with short cycle life. Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAL), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) combined with a scanning electron microscope are used to investigate defect states, free volume interconnectivity/morphology, and structure evolution of sulfur electrode at different electrochemical states. The results show growth in the free volumes and Mg2+ content upon discharge and shrinking upon recharge, while sulfur content is deficient upon demagnesiation. This work provides deep insight and an effective strategy helping to engineer an efficient cathodic material.
Commercial human pulmonary artery endothelial cells have in‐vitro behavior that varies by sex
Authors: Cox‐Flaherty Katherine , Baird Grayson L. , Braza Julie , Guarino Brianna D. , Princiotto Amy , Ventetuolo Corey E. , Harrington Elizabeth O.
Published: November 2022

It is unknown whether biological sex influences phenotypes of commercially available human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs). Ten lots of commercial HPAECs were used (Lonza Biologics; PromoCell). Five (50%) were confirmed to be genotypically male (SRY+) and five (50%) were confirmed to be female (SRY−). Experiments were conducted between passages five and eight. HPAEC phenotype was confirmed with a panel of cell expression markers. Standard assays for proliferation, migration and tube formation were performed in triplicate with technical replicates, under three treatment conditions (EndoGRO; Sigma‐Aldrich). Apoptosis was assessed by exposing cells treated with complete media or low serum media to hypoxic (1% oxygen) or normoxic (20% oxygen) conditions. Laboratory staff was blinded. The median (range) age of male and female donors from whom the HPAECs were derived was 58 (48–60) and 56 (33–67), respectively. Our results suggest decreased proliferation in genotypically female cells compared with male cells (p = 0.09). With increasing donor age, female cells were less proliferative and male cells were more proliferative (p = 0.001). Female cells were significantly more apoptotic than male cells by condition (p = 0.001). Female cells were significantly more migratory than male cells in complete media but less migratory than male cells under vascular endothelial growth factor enriched conditions (p = 0.001). There are subtle sex‐based differences in the behavior of HPAECs that depend on donor sex and, less so, age. These differences may undermine rigor and reproducibility. Future studies should define whether biological sex is an important regulator of HPAEC function in health and disease.
Structural stability, elasticity and minimum thermal conductivity of M‐doped Mg17Al12 (M = Ga, In, Ge, Sn, Pb) compounds: A first‐principles predictions
Authors: Sun Yuan , Yang Ancang , Duan Yonghua , Qi Huarong , Peng Mingjun , Shen Li
Published: November 2022

In this work, first‐principles calculations were used to study the structural, elastic and thermodynamic properties of Mg17Al12 and M‐doped Mg17Al12 (Mg16Al12M, M = Ga, In, Ge, Sn, Pb) compounds. The calculated results show that Mg16Al12M compounds have negative defect formation energies, the calculated phonon dispersions have no imaginary frequencies, and their single‐crystal elastic constants satisfy the mechanical stability criterion. Thus, Mg16Al12M compounds are thermodynamically, dynamically and mechanically stable. The calculated GH/BH, Poisson's ratio v and Cauchy pressure values indicate that Mg17Al12 and Mg16Al12M are ductile, the ductility of the doped system is greater than that of Mg17Al12. Mg17Al12 and Mg16Al12M have elastic anisotropy, and the order of anisotropy is Mg16Al12Sn > Mg16Al12Ga > Mg16Al12In > Mg17Al12 > Mg16Al12Ge > Mg16Al12Pb. Finally, the minimum thermal conductivities based on Clarke's and Cahill's models were discussed, and the results show the heat transfer rates of Mg17Al12 and Mg16Al12M along the [111] direction are faster than those along other directions.
Prescribed performance event‐triggered control for strict‐feedback switched nonlinear systems
Authors: Fan Zhida , Wang Fenglan , Long Lijun
Published: November 2022

This article is concerned with the problem of prescribed performance event‐triggered tracking control for a class of strict‐feedback switched uncertain nonlinear systems. A prescribed performance event‐triggered adaptive fuzzy control approach for solving the problem is set up by exploiting backstepping and the average dwell time (ADT) technique. Compared with the existing prescribed performance control designed in the continuous‐time context, the proposed approach constructs a prescribed performance event‐triggered adaptive fuzzy controller for each subsystem and a switching event‐triggered mechanism (ETM), which can largely save communication resources. Meanwhile, the issue of asynchronous switching between candidate subsystems and candidate controllers is dealt with, and transient and steady‐state performance of tracking error is ensured under a class of switching signals with ADT. Moreover, the result above is extended to switched uncertain nonlinear systems with vanishing control gains at some points by developing a hysteresis‐type switching signal. Also, Zeno phenomenon is excluded for the switching ETM and the hysteresis‐type switching signal. Finally, two examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the obtained two results, respectively.
Two‐Dimensional Nanofluidic Membranes with Intercalated In‐Plane Shortcuts for High‐Performance Blue Energy Harvesting
Authors: Yan Pan‐Ping , Chen Xia‐Chao , Liang Zi‐Xuan , Fang You‐Peng , Yao Juming , Lu Chun‐Xin , Cai Yurong , Jiang Lei
Published: November 2022

Two‐dimensional nanofluidic membranes offer great opportunities for developing efficient and robust devices for ionic/water‐nexus energy harvesting. However, low counterion concentration and long pathway through limited ionic flux restrict their output performance. Herein, it is demonstrated that rapid diffusion kinetics can be realized in two‐dimensional nanofluidic membranes by introducing in‐plane holes across nanosheets, which not only increase counterion concentration but also shorten pathway length through the membranes. Thus, the holey membranes exhibited an enhanced performance relative to the pristine ones in terms of osmotic energy conversion. In particular, a biomimetic multilayered membrane sequentially assembled from pristine and holey sections offers an optimized combination of selectivity and permeability, therefore generating a power density up to 6.78 W m−2 by mixing seawater and river water, superior to the majority of the state‐of‐the‐art lamellar nanofluidic membranes. This work highlights the importance of channel morphologies and presents a general strategy for effectively improving ion transport through lamellar membranes for high‐performance nanofluidic devices.
Liquid‐Metal‐Assisted Synthesis of Single‐Crystalline TiC Nanocubes with Exposed {100} Facets for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Jeong Kyoung‐Jin , Lee Yohan , Huynh Thanh‐Nam , Nersisyan Hayk , Suh Hoyoung , Lee JongHyeon
Published: November 2022

Although TiC nanostructures show promise as non‐noble‐metal‐based electrocatalysts, improved synthesis methods are required. Herein, single‐crystalline TiC nanocubes with exposed {100} facets are grown by combusting TiO2 + kMg + C reactive mixtures (k = 4–6.5 mol) in argon. During the synthesis, the temperature increases to 1200–1550 °C and excess Mg (2–4.5 mol) forms a liquid pool. The obtained TiC nanocubes have edge lengths of 50–300 nm and surface areas of 12.2–30.05 m2 g−1. Insights into the TiC nanocube formation mechanism are obtained using density functional theory modeling of the surface energies of TiC nanocrystals and shape visualization using the Wulff construction method. During TiC nucleation and growth within the Mg melt, liquid Mg likely acts as a capping agent for {111} facets, thus promoting the formation of {100} facets. The TiC nanocubes show high electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction, with a lower overpotential (0.298 V at 10 mA cm−2) than other TiC nanostructures (0.400–0.815 V).
Die sechs Subsidiary Governance Inhaltsmodule
Authors: Renz Patrick , Böhrer Nikola , Peter Marc K.
Published: November 2022

Das Subsidiary Governance Modell besteht aus den sechs Inhaltsmodulen System, Mission, Integrität, Stakeholder, Risiko und Audit. System-Management beschäftigt sich mit dem ganzheitlichen Verständnis des Unternehmens, seiner Umwelt, der Anspruchsgruppen und des Kontexts. Die Kenntnis der Zusammenhänge innerhalb eines Systems (Strukturen, Prozesse, Abhängigkeiten, Rollen) und der Positionierung von Mutterhaus und Tochtergesellschaft intern und gegenüber der Umwelt ist entscheidend für eine zielorientierte Subsidiary Governance.
Mission Management befasst sich mit Strategie, Struktur und Kultur – Elemente, die Ordnung ins System Unternehmen bringen.
Integritätsmanagement beschäftigt sich mit den Werten guter Zusammenarbeit. Durch Bewusstseinsförderung und das Einrichten von Prozessen und Instrumenten können Compliance und ethisches Verhalten sichergestellt und Reputationsverluste vermieden werden. Stakeholdermanagement besteht aus Definition, Identifizierung, Management und Kontrolle der Stakeholder.
Risikomanagement beinhaltet den gesamten Risikomanagementprozess, von der Risikodefinition über die Bewertung der hierarchiestufengerechten Risiken bis hin zur Schulung spezifischer Risiken.
Audit Management beschäftigt sich sowohl mit den gesetzlichen Anforderungen als auch mit der Effektivität, Effizienz, Erfolgsrelevanz und Rolle interner und externer Audits.