bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of 3D Virtual Reality Technology in High School Physics Direct-Type Teaching
Authors: Guan Shanchao , Li Guian , Fang Jiacheng
Published: May 2022

Virtual reality technology is a computer simulation that allows the creation and experience of virtual worlds, using computers to generate a simulated environment into which the user is immersed. Through a theoretical exposition of 3D virtual reality technology, the elements of teaching and learning and virtual reality technology are analyzed in terms of abstract virtual cognition and concrete modeling techniques, and the forms of application of virtual reality technology in high school physics teaching are described, along with associated educational technology theories. The era of core literacy development poses new challenges to basic teaching and requires new teaching methods and approaches to adapt. The development of 3D virtual reality technology has provided new opportunities for teaching reform. Firstly, the unique charm of virtual reality technology itself has deeply attracted many experts and scholars to explore its application in pedagogy. Secondly, the scale and effect of virtual reality technology in pedagogy applications are still far from the ideal goal in people’s mind, and further exploration and research are needed in the theoretical support of educational technology research. Thirdly, in the process of high school basic teaching, on the one hand, basic experiments play a crucial role, and on the other hand, transforming abstract basic principles and concepts into concrete visible and operable teaching methods is also an important direction for its future development. Combined with the development tools and software to build processes and models, the knowledge of electricity and mechanics in high school physics is modeled in 3Ds MAX and Unity3D to provide technical support for the application of virtual reality in high school physics teaching and to promote the reform of high school physics teaching. Based on an in-depth analysis of virtual reality technology in the construction of teaching resources, this paper explores the feasibility of using software systems and hardware facilities of 3D virtual reality technology in high school physics teaching, such as experimental demonstration, geometric modeling, and 3D graphic transformation. It fits the cognitive level of high school students, constructs 3D virtual scenes and virtual object motion trajectory models that meet the requirements of the high school physics curriculum, and promotes the application of virtual reality technology in high school physics teaching and visualizing abstract physics knowledge, with clear student understanding and significant improvement in learning efficiency.
Differences and Correlations of Anxiety, Sleep Quality, and Pressure-Pain Threshold between Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain and Asymptomatic People
Authors: Xu Changming , Fu Zhiwei , Wang Juan , Wu Bao , Wang Xue-Qiang
Published: May 2022

Background. Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a clinically common and expensive disease. Patients frequently take sick leaves because of pain and dysfunction, and their unpleasant life and work experiences cause psychological depression and anxiety and affect their quality of life. Sleep disturbance is a common problem among patients with low back pain (LBP) with more than 50% complaining about poor sleep quality. This study aimed to explore the correlations between anxiety, sleep quality, and pressure-pain threshold (PPT) and their differences between patients with CLBP and asymptomatic people. Methods. Forty patients with CLBP and 40 asymptomatic people were recruited. Relevant data, including State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and PPT, were individually and independently collected by blinded physiotherapists with a practicing certificate and then statistically analyzed. An independent sample t-test was used to determine the intergroup differences between patients with CLBP and asymptomatic populations. Pearson correlation coefficient was employed for correlation analysis. Results. The CLBP group had significantly higher anxiety scores (41.64 ± 9.88 vs. 36.69 ± 8.31; t = −2.496,

p
=
0.015

) than the asymptomatic group. A significant difference was found in the total score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (6.41 ± 2.43 vs. 5.09 ± 2.18; t = −2.628,

p
=
0.010

) but not in the trait anxiety (44.00 ± 7.83 vs. 42.67 ± 9.51; t = −0.695,

p
=
0.489

) of the two groups. State−Trait Anxiety Inventory showed a low to moderate negative correlation with PPT. No remarkable correlation was observed between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and PPT. Conclusions. Patients with CLBP showed considerably worse state anxiety and sleep quality than asymptomatic people; however, no substantial difference in PPT was found between the two groups. The results suggest that in clinical practice, the focus should include pain and related social and psychological factors. CLBP treatment could be considered from multiple perspectives and disciplines.This trial is registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Trial registration: ChiCTR-TRC-13003701).
Characteristics of CD8+ and CD4+ Tissue-Resident Memory Lymphocytes in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Li Pan , Zhang Yixi , Xu Yanping , Cao Hongcui , Li Lanjuan
Published: May 2022

Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) are plentiful in the memory T cell pool and persist in barrier sites without recirculating. Increasing evidence has shown that some kinds of CD8+ TRMs and CD4+ TRMs are resident in the gastrointestinal tract (GI), playing an important role in the context of microbiota-immune interactions, infections, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and tumor surveillance. Although sharing some similar phenotypes, functional properties, and transcriptional regulation with other tissue-TRMs, gastrointestinal tract TRMs (GI-TRMs) have unique phenotypic and functional characteristics reshaped by the local microenvironment. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge on the regulation, maintenance, and function of the CD8+ TRMs and CD4+ TRMs in GI, exploring how these cells contribute to local immune defense, tissue homeostasis, and tumor surveillance.
Intelligent Identification and Construction System of Prefabricated Tunnel Structure Based on BIM Technology
Authors: Liu Wenzhi
Published: May 2022

In order to make up for the problems of low production efficiency, high labor cost, serious environmental pollution, and low degree of informatization of traditional tunnel construction method, an intelligent identification building system of prefabricated tunnel structure is proposed. Based on BIM Technology and integrating advanced concepts and technologies in the construction industry and management field, an intelligent construction system of prefabricated tunnel structure based on BIM is proposed, the characteristics, functions, and values of each component are introduced, and the overall architecture of the system is established, which can provide technical support for the whole life cycle construction, operation, and maintenance of prefabricated railway tunnel. Only 68% of architectural designers know BIM Technology, while only 4% of designers really use or are using BIM Technology to participate in prefabricated architectural design. Through this research, the use frequency of BIM can be greatly increased and work efficiency can be improved. To meet the requirements of railway tunnel construction for intelligent construction in the new era, the new technology and new ideas also lead the further scientific and technological innovation in tunnel engineering to a certain extent, which meets the actual needs of the development of intelligent railway construction technology and has a practical significance of improving quality and efficiency.
Abnormal Target Detection Method in Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Image Based on Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Liu Yun , Liu Jia-Bao
Published: May 2022

Abnormal target detection in hyperspectral remote sensing image is one of the hotspots in image research. The image noise generated in the detection process will lead to the decline of the quality of hyperspectral remote sensing image. In view of this, this paper proposes an abnormal target detection method of hyperspectral remote sensing image based on the convolution neural network. Firstly, the deep residual learning network model has been used to remove the noise in hyperspectral remote sensing image. Secondly, the spatial and spectral features of hyperspectral remote sensing images were used to optimize the clustering dictionary, and then the image segmentation containing target information is completed. Finally, the image was input into the deep convolution neural network with a dual classifier, and the network detects the abnormal target in the image. The test results of this algorithm show that the structural similarity of the denoised image is higher than 0.86, which shows that this method has good noise reduction performance, image details will not damage, segmentation effect is good, and it can obtain high-definition target image information and accurately detect abnormal targets in the image.
The Prognosis and Predictive Value of Estrogen Negative/Progesterone Positive (ER−/PR+) Phenotype: Experience of 1159 Primary Breast Cancer from a Single Institute
Authors: Gamrani S. , Boukansa S. , Benbrahim Z. , Mellas N. , Fdili Alaoui F. , Melhouf M. A. , Bouchikhi C. , Banani A. , Boubbou M. , Bouhafa T. , El Fatemi H.
Published: May 2022

Breast cancer is a serious worldwide public health problem and is currently the most common cancer overall. Its endocrine therapy is related to the expression of the steroid hormones, estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR). Breast cancers can be presented under multiple profiles of steroid hormones: ER(−)/PR(+), ER(+)/PR(−), double-positive/negative ER, and PR. 2–8% of all breast cancers express only PR (ER−/PR+) which is an abnormal phenotype, with less known about their behaviors and outcomes. Our study was performed on a large and well-characterized database of primary breast cancer from 2012 to 2019, up to 1159 cases. These cases were divided according to ER and PR expression, as we put all of our focus on ER-negative/PR-positive group, more specifically ER−/PR+/HER2+ and ER−/PR+/HER2− gene expressions, to highlight their features and find a pattern that links HR (hormone receptors) profiles and breast cancer subtypes. Out of the informative cases, 94 patients (8%) had ER−/PR+ breast cancers, while 676 (58.4%) had ER+/PR+, 88 (7.6%) had ER+/PR−, and 164 (14.2%) had ER−/PR− tumors. The ER−/PR+ group was statistically correlated with a high risk of recurrence and death in midway between the double-negative and double-positive HR. According to HER2 status, a low DFS was observed in patients ER−/PR+/HER2−, which is closer to the DFS of TNBC cases but worse than ER+/PR any. On the other side, the ER−/PR+/HER2+ showed also a poorer DFS closer to the HER2+ subgroup in between TNBC and ER+/PR any. The clinicopathological features of the ER−/PR+/HER2− and ER−/PR+ HER2+ have distinguished the patients into two groups with a difference in some clinicopathological characteristics: both groups had closer OS estimation, which was worse than ER−/PR any and better than TNBC and HER2. The ER−/PR+/HER2− seems to increase the risk of recurrence than ER−/PR+/HER2+ when compared to ER+/PR any. On the other hand, the ER−/PR+/HER2+ seems to increase the risk of death more than ER−/PR+/HER2− in comparison with ER+/PR any. Our results support that ER−/PR+ tumors really exist and are rare and clinically and biologically distinct subtypes of breast cancer. In addition, our analysis, which was based on dividing the groups according to HER2 expression, has revealed the existence of two distinct groups; this gave the ER−/PR+ subgroup a heterogeneity characterization. Moreover, this breast cancer subtype should not be treated as a luminal tumor but rather according to the HER2 expression status.
Experimental Closed‐Loop Control of Breast Cancer in Mice
Authors: Kovács Levente , Czakó Bence , Siket Máté , Ferenci Tamás , Füredi András , Gombos Balázs , Szakács Gergely , Drexler Dániel András
Published: May 2022

Cancer therapy optimization is an issue that can be solved using the control engineering approach. An optimal therapy generation algorithm is presented and tested using a tractable mouse model of breast cancer. The optimized therapeutic protocol is calculated in a closed‐loop manner at fixed time instants, twice in a week. The controller consists of a nonlinear model predictive controller which uses the state estimation of a moving horizon estimator. The estimator also computes parameter estimates of the prediction model such that the time varying nature of tumor evolution can be captured. Results show that remission can be induced in a 28‐day interval using the algorithm.
Design of a Professional Sports Competition Adjudication System Based on Data Analysis and Action Recognition Algorithm
Authors: Lin Qianfeng , Zou Jiashu
Published: May 2022

This paper uses data analysis and action recognition algorithms to conduct in-depth research and analysis of professional sports competition judging and designs a professional sports competition-assisted judging system for use in actual judging. In this paper, a wearable motion capture system based on an inertial sensing unit is developed and designed for kayaking technical motion monitoring to achieve the acquisition, analysis, and quantitative evaluation of kayaker motion data. To limit the gyroscope and pose estimation error, a gradient descent method is used for multisensor data fusion to achieve athlete pose update, and a quaternion-driven human skeletal vector model is proposed to reconstruct the kayaker’s paddling technical movements. By calculating the angular sequences of the left shoulder, right shoulder, left elbow, and right elbow joints of the athlete’s upper limbs and comparing them with the optical motion capture system, the results show that the motion capture system developed in this paper is comparable to the optical motion capture system in terms of measurement accuracy. It ultimately affects the result of pose estimation. Therefore, high-resolution networks and low-resolution networks can continuously maintain high-resolution features of the image by allowing each representation layer to repeatedly accept the representation information of other networks. A step matrix model is constructed to encode the multiscale global temporal information of action sequences, and action classification is achieved by calculating the response of the step matrix of test samples to the step matrix of each category of actions. The algorithm achieves 78.96%, 91.84%, and 91.18% accuracy of action classification on the Northwestern-UCLA database, MSRC-12 database, and CAD-60 database, respectively. The designed visual motion tracking system was applied to record the motion data of the experimental subjects in the fine motion assessment task and construct the motion assessment database. The experimental results show that the average error between the prediction results of the proposed action assessment method and the manual scoring is 1.83, and the automated assessment of fine movements is effectively realized.
Results on Implicit Fractional Pantograph Equations with Mittag‐Leffler Kernel and Nonlocal Condition
Authors: Almalahi Mohammed A. , Panchal Satish K. , Jarad Fahd
Published: May 2022

In this study, the main focus is on an investigation of the sufficient conditions of existence and uniqueness of solution for two‐classess of nonlinear implicit fractional pantograph equations with nonlocal conditions via Atangana–Baleanu–Riemann–Liouville (ABR) and Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo (ABC) fractional derivative with order σ ∈ (1,2]. We introduce the properties of solutions as well as stability results for the proposed problem without using the semigroup property. In the beginning, we convert the given problems into equivalent fractional integral equations. Then, by employing some fixed‐point theorems such as Krasnoselskii and Banach’s techniques, we examine the existence and uniqueness of solutions to proposed problems. Moreover, by using techniques of nonlinear functional analysis, we analyze Ulam–Hyers (UH) and generalized Ulam–Hyers (GUH) stability results. As an application, we provide some examples to illustrate the validity of our results.
Activity and Resistance of a Brain-Permeable Paradox Breaker BRAF Inhibitor in Melanoma Brain Metastasis
Authors: Bonfill-Teixidor Ester , Iurlaro Raffaella , Handl Cornelia , Wichmann Jürgen , Arias Alexandra , Cuartas Isabel , Emmenegger Jasmin , Romagnani Andrea , Mangano Luca , Lorber Thomas , Berrera Marco , Godfried Sie Christina , Köchl Fabian , Eckmann Jan , Feddersen Romi , Kornacker Martin , Schnetzler Gabriel , Cicuendez Marta , Cordero Esteban , Topczewski Thomaz E. , Ferres-Pijoan Abel , González Josep , Martínez-Ricarte Francisco , Muñoz-Couselo Eva , Tabernero Josep , Bischoff James R. , Pettazzoni Piergiorgio , Seoane Joan
Published: May 2022

The therapeutic benefit of approved BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BRAFi/MEKi) in patients with brain metastatic BRAF V600E/K–mutated melanoma is limited and transient. Resistance largely occurs through the restoration of MAPK signaling via paradoxical BRAF activation, highlighting the need for more effective therapeutic options. Aiming to address this clinical challenge, we characterized the activity of a potent, brain-penetrant paradox breaker BRAFi (compound 1a, C1a) as first-line therapy and following progression upon treatment with approved BRAFi and BRAFi/MEKi therapies. C1a activity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in melanoma cell lines and patient-derived models of BRAF V600E–mutant melanoma brain metastases following relapse after treatment with BRAFi/MEKi. C1a showed superior efficacy compared with approved BRAFi in both subcutaneous and brain metastatic models. Importantly, C1a manifested potent and prolonged antitumor activity even in models that progressed on BRAFi/MEKi treatment. Analysis of mechanisms of resistance to C1a revealed MAPK reactivation under drug treatment as the predominant resistance-driving event in both subcutaneous and intracranial tumors. Specifically, BRAF kinase domain duplication was identified as a frequently occurring driver of resistance to C1a. Combination therapies of C1a and anti–PD-1 antibody proved to significantly reduce disease recurrence. Collectively, these preclinical studies validate the outstanding antitumor activity of C1a in brain metastasis, support clinical investigation of this agent in patients pretreated with BRAFi/MEKi, unveil genetic drivers of tumor escape from C1a, and identify a combinatorial treatment that achieves long-lasting responses.

Significance:

A brain-penetrant BRAF inhibitor demonstrates potent activity in brain metastatic melanoma, even upon relapse following standard BRAF inhibitor therapy, supporting further investigation into its clinical utility.
VERONICA: Randomized Phase II Study of Fulvestrant and Venetoclax in ER-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Post-CDK4/6 Inhibitors – Efficacy, Safety, and Biomarker Results
Authors: Lindeman Geoffrey J. , Fernando Tharu M. , Bowen Rebecca , Jerzak Katarzyna J. , Song Xinni , Decker Thomas , Boyle Frances , McCune Steve , Armstrong Anne , Shannon Catherine , Bertelli Gianfilippo , Chang Ching-Wei , Desai Rupal , Gupta Kushagra , Wilson Timothy R. , Flechais Aulde , Bardia Aditya
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

Despite promising activity in hematopoietic malignancies, efficacy of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) inhibitor venetoclax in solid tumors is unknown. We report the prespecified VERONICA primary results, a randomized phase II clinical trial evaluating venetoclax and fulvestrant in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, post–cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor progression.

Patients and Methods:

Pre-/postmenopausal females ≥18 years were randomized 1:1 to venetoclax (800 mg orally daily) plus fulvestrant (500 mg intramuscular; cycle 1: days 1 and 15; subsequent 28-day cycles: day 1) or fulvestrant alone. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate (CBR); secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and safety. Exploratory biomarker analyses included BCL2 and BCL extra-large (BCLXL) tumor expression, and PIK3CA circulating tumor DNA mutational status.

Results:

At primary analysis (cutoff: August 5, 2020; n = 103), venetoclax did not significantly improve CBR [venetoclax plus fulvestrant: 11.8% (n = 6/51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.44–23.87); fulvestrant: 13.7% (7/51; 5.70–26.26); risk difference –1.96% (95% CI, –16.86 to 12.94)]. Median PFS was 2.69 months (95% CI, 1.94–3.71) with venetoclax plus fulvestrant versus 1.94 months (1.84–3.55) with fulvestrant (stratified HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.61–1.45; P = 0.7853). Overall survival data were not mature. A nonsignificant improvement of CBR and PFS was observed in patients whose tumors had strong BCL2 expression (IHC 3+), a BCL2/BCLXL Histoscore ratio ≥1, or PIK3CA-wild-type status.

Conclusions:

Our findings do not indicate clinical utility for venetoclax plus fulvestrant in endocrine therapy–resistant, CDK4/6 inhibitor–refractory metastatic breast tumors, but suggest possible increased dependence on BCLXL in this setting.
Typical Face, Developmental Delay, and Hearing Loss in a Patient with 3M Syndrome: The Co-Occurrence of Two Rare Conditions
Authors: Akalın Akçahan , Şimşek-Kiper Pelin Ö. , Taşkıran Ekim , Utine Gülen E. , Boduroğlu Koray
Published: May 2022

Introduction: 3M syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by characteristic facial features, severe pre- and postnatal growth restriction (<–4 SDS), and normal mental development. 3M syndrome is genetically heterogeneous. Up to date, causative mutations have been demonstrated in 3 genes, cullin-7 (CUL7), obscurin-like 1 (OBSL1), and coiled coil domain containing protein 8 (CCDC8). Case presentation: Here, we report a patient who was referred to our clinic due to short stature and developmental delay. Physical examination revealed prenatal onset short stature, low birth weight, and normal head circumference. She displayed several dysmorphic facial features in addition to developmental delay and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. The physical findings were suggestive of 3M syndrome. Genetic assessment revealed a novel homozygous frameshift c.418_419delAC (p.Thr140Cysfs*11) variant in the CUL7 gene and a previously reported pathogenic nonsense homozygous c.942C>A (p.Cys314Ter) variant in the ILDR1 gene. The parents were heterozygous for the same variant. Discussion: 3M syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with short stature and typical facial features even if in the presence of other inconsistent features such as developmental delay. In addition, it is important to take into account the co-occurrence of rare autosomal recessive genetic disorders especially in countries with a high consanguineous marriage rate.
Apresentação: Dossiê Vicinalidades e Casas Partíveis
Authors: Pina-Cabral João de , Godoi Emília Pietrafesa de
Published: May 2022

Apresentação: Dossiê Vicinalidades e Casas Partíveis
Agnatas, vizinhos e amigos: variantes da vicinalidade em África, Europa e América
Authors: Pina-Cabral João de
Published: May 2022

A categoria vicinalidade descreve a forma como a coabitação enquanto processo constitutivo de pessoas se prolonga temporalmente para momentos mais tardios do ciclo relacional através de formas de agregação que assentam sobre identidades continuadas – isto é, sobre a continuação em momentos posteriores da vida familiar das implicações de experiências de intersubjetividade constitutiva. O texto aborda comparativamente três contextos sociais. Em cada um deles, a preferência por formas específicas de descrever relações acaba por reduzir a pluralidade e complexidade negocial das relações entre pessoas apresentando-as como relações de um tipo particular, o que permite o entrosamento das relações domésticas em processos mais abrangentes de negociação política. Assim, no caso dos Chope de Moçambique, as relações vicinais apresentam-se como relações agnáticas; no Minho (Portugal), como casas de vizinhos no interior de comunidades territorialmente determinadas; na Bahia (Brasil), como relações de amizade.
Etnografias sobre humanos e não humanos: limites e possibilidades
Authors: Rapchan Eliane Sebeika , Alves Walter Neves
Published: May 2022

O texto é uma análise sobre os limites e as possibilidades do uso do método etnográfico nas pesquisas com ênfase em comportamento de chimpanzés. Para fazer isso, nós primeiro apresentamos algumas considerações sobre a ideia de “cultura” usada na primatologia e então fizemos comparações entre essas primeiras e as concepções contemporâneas de cultura usadas na antropologia sociocultural. A seguir, analisamos os contextos de pesquisa nos quais os primatólogos afirmam a existência de “culturas de chimpanzés”, as relações de objetividade, de subjetividade e de antropomorfismo na pesquisa primatológicas com ênfase em comportamento. Por fim, nós avaliamos as proposições baseadas na viabilidade da produção de conhecimento sobre os coletivos formados por humanos e animais não humanos considerando as perspectivas da antropologia sociocultural e da primatologia e enfatizando a etnografia e a etnoprimatologia.
O dono da figueira e a origem de Jesus: uma crítica xamânica ao cristianismo
Authors: Pierri Daniel Calazans
Published: May 2022

Nesse trabalho, apresento uma discussão centrada em uma narrativa a respeito da “origem de Jesus” (Tupãra’y ou filho de Tupã), coletada em uma aldeia guarani situada na região do Vale do Ribeira/SP. A referida narrativa, que evoca uma série de correspondências lógicas entre a origem dos brancos e a origem dos guarani, nos remete a uma discussão a respeito da importância do chamado “xamanismo horizontal” (Hugh-Jones, 1994) nos procedimentos de cura, ao situar a interpretação nativa do episódio da vinda de Jesus na plataforma terrestre como apenas um exemplo dentre os muitos nos quais figura a circulação de potências agentivas provenientes da morada de Tupã, na retaliação (-jepy) de infortúnios impetrados por seres invisíveis (jaexa va’e’ỹ kuery), mais especificamente o espírito dono da figueira. A discussão nos levará, enfim, a uma crítica xamânica (Albert, 2002) do “complexo da culpa cristã”, que transparecerá de um diálogo entre o cacique guarani que narra o episódio e um missionário cristão que buscava convencê-lo em vão de sua responsabilidade pela morte de Jesus. Exploro ainda os procedimentos através dos quais os Guarani incorporaram a narrativa dos missionários para criticar a sua visão, atribuindo um estatuto de verdade incompleta à religião cristã, que tomaria equivocadamente uma divindade “secundária” pelo criador da terra. Por fim, esboço hipóteses a respeito do que seria a versão guarani da “ideologia bipartida ameríndia” (Lévi-Strauss, 1994), fundada no que chamo de um “platonismo em desequilíbrio perpétuo”.
Dalila Vasconcellos de Carvalho | O Gênero da Música: A Construção Social da Vocação
Authors: Cesar Rafael do Nascimento
Published: May 2022

CARVALHO, Dalila Vasconcellos de. O Gênero da Música: A Construção Social da Vocação. São Paulo, Alameda, 2012, 209 pp.
Variações do feminino: circuitos do universo trans na Paraíba
Authors: Nascimento Silvana de Souza
Published: May 2022

Neste artigo, apresentamos resultados de uma pesquisa etnográfica, realizada entre 2008 e 2011, a respeito de trajetórias e sociabilidades de travestis, transexuais e transformistas na Paraíba. A investigação analisou circuitos que perpassam municípios em diferentes escalas, inclusive áreas rurais e indígenas, que se interconectam e criam rupturas: o da prostituição, o dos concursos de beleza (Miss Gay e Top Drag Queen) e o dos movimentos lgbts (lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais). Os concursos de beleza e as redes de prostituição conformam um conjunto que dá visibilidade a corpos e pessoas que realizam um jogo mimético com o feminino, onde a participação do público é essencial. Constroem-se modelos de beleza que se projetam em estilos metropolitanos e revelam uma feminilidade versátil, complementar à homossexualidade. Em contrapartida, as(os) atoras(os) do movimento lgbt procuram reagir a esses modelos de beleza mas acionam os circuitos dos concursos em ocasiões estratégicas, como as paradas gays, que têm se irradiado para o interior da Paraíba, da cidade para o campo.
Ciência e política na produção das diferenças: entrevista com Peter Wade
Authors: Rios Flavia , González-Zambrano Catalina
Published: May 2022

Ciência e política na produção das diferenças: entrevista com Peter Wade
Estimated Yield of Screening for Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia With and Without Genetic Testing in US Adults
Authors: Bellows Brandon K. , Khera Amit V. , Zhang Yiyi , Ruiz‐Negrón Natalia , Stoddard Henry M. , Wong John B. , Kazi Dhruv S. , de Ferranti Sarah D. , Moran Andrew E.
Published: May 2022

Background

Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common genetic disorder causing premature cardiovascular disease. Despite this, there is no national screening program in the United States to identify individuals with FH or likely pathogenic FH genetic variants.

Methods and Results

The clinical characteristics and FH variant status of 49 738 UK Biobank participants were used to develop a regression model to predict the probability of having any FH variants. The regression model and modified Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria were applied to 39 790 adult participants (aged ≥20 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to estimate the yield of FH screening programs using Dutch Lipid Clinic Network clinical criteria alone (excluding genetic variant status), genetic testing alone, or combining clinical criteria with genetic testing. The regression model accurately predicted FH variant status in UK Biobank participants (observed prevalence, 0.27%; predicted, 0.26%; area under the receiver‐operator characteristic curve, 0.88). In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the estimated yield per 1000 individuals screened (95% CI) was 3.7 (3.0–4.6) FH cases with the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network clinical criteria alone, 3.8 (2.7–5.1) cases with genetic testing alone, and 6.6 (5.3–8.0) cases by combining clinical criteria with genetic testing. In young adults aged 20 to 39 years, using clinical criteria alone was estimated to yield 1.3 (95% CI, 0.6–2.5) FH cases per 1000 individuals screened, which was estimated to increase to 4.2 (95% CI, 2.6–6.4) FH cases when combining clinical criteria with genetic testing.

Conclusions

Screening for FH using a combination of clinical criteria with genetic testing may increase identification and the opportunity for early treatment of individuals with FH.
From Dynamics to Novelty: An Agent-Based Model of the Economic System
Authors: Recio Gustavo , Banzhaf Wolfgang , White Roger
Published: May 2022

The modern economy is both a complex self-organizing system and an innovative, evolving one. Contemporary theory, however, treats it essentially as a static equilibrium system. Here we propose a formal framework to capture its complex, evolving nature. We develop an agent-based model of an economic system in which firms interact with each other and with consumers through market transactions. Production functions are represented by a pair of von Neumann technology matrices, and firms implement production plans taking into account current price levels for their inputs and output. Prices are determined by the relation between aggregate demand and supply. In the absence of exogenous perturbations the system fluctuates around its equilibrium state. New firms are introduced when profits are above normal, and are ultimately eliminated when losses persist. The varying number of firms represents a recurrent perturbation. The system thus exhibits dynamics at two levels: the dynamics of prices and output, and the dynamics of system size. The model aims to be realistic in its fundamental structure, but is kept simple in order to be computationally efficient. The ultimate aim is to use it as a platform for modeling the structural evolution of an economic system. Currently the model includes one form of structural evolution, the ability to generate new technologies and new products.
Revision of Embolemidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) from the Middle East
Authors: MOGHADDAM MOSTAFA GHAFOURI , MOHEBBAN SHAHLA , OLMI MASSIMO , RAHMANI ZAHRA , RAKHSHANI EHSAN , ARIAS-PENNA DIANA CAROLINA , AHMAD ZUBAIR
Published: May 2022

The family Embolemidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) from the Middle East is taxonomically reviewed. Three species are reported, redescribed, and illustrated, Ampulicomorpha thauma Rasnitsyn & Matveev from Iran, Embolemus harteni Olmi from Yemen, and E. huberi Olmi from Iran. The extremely rare genus Ampulicomorpha Ashmead is here recorded for the first time from the Middle East. Embolemus harteni is further recorded from two more governorates of Yemen. A species identification key of Embolemidae from the Middle East, distribution maps, details of the morphological characters, and extensive colour photographs of every species are also provided. A brief discussion on the species relationships and their relevant ecoregions based on the currently limited available information is offered.
Biomedical materials to repair damaged tissues and organs in sports dance performances
Authors: Sun Shiyang , Ge Shuang
Published: May 2022

Micro-nano manufacturing of inorganic—organic composite tissue and organ engineering scaffolds is a field of biomaterial research that has emerged in recent years. Cell scaffolds for repairing damaged tissues and organs composed of degradable materials are one of its core technologies.
Based on this research background, the article analyzes the efficacy of bone scaffold biomedical materials implanted in the injured leg caused by dance exercise. And through finite element analysis and elastic modulus analysis of the bracket’s stress and strain curves. The study found
that the stiffness of the bone scaffold biomedical material is reduced after entering the human body. Biomedical materials can exert their toughness characteristics under the action of human bone proteins.
N/O dual-doped hierarchical porous carbon boosting cathode performance of lithium—sulfur batteries
Authors: Feng La-Jun , Lu Man , Shen Wen-Ning , Qiu Xin-Yu
Published: May 2022

A combination of NaOH activation and continuous pyrolysis of biomass is used to prepare N and O dual-doped hierarchical porous carbon as the carrier of Li—S batteries from egg, yolk and albumen respectively. Among the three sources, the biomass porous carbon derived from albumen
has the most abundant hierarchical pore morphology. Its specific surface area, average pore diameter, and sulfur loading are 693.0 m2 · g−1, 3.1 nm and 62.0 wt.%, respectively. The albumen-derived porous carbon/sulfur (AC/S) electrode exhibits excellent reversibility
and electrochemical performance (1115 mAh · g−1 at 0.05 C) due to the synergistic effect of hierarchical pore structure and element doping. The rate capacity of AC/S is 15% and 25% higher than that of egg-derived porous carbon/sulfur (EC/S) and yolk-derived carbon/sulfur
(YC/S) at 2 C. And the capacity retention rate of AC/S after 50 cycles is 77%, which is 15% and 11% higher than those of EC/S and YC/S, respectively.
Carbon dots with tunable emission based on pH values
Authors: Ren Xiangling , Gong Zhen , Bai Zhiqun , Chen Yongmei , Meng Xianwei
Published: May 2022

Fluorescent carbon dots are the hot topic of fluorescent nanomaterials due to their outstanding optical properties and promising practical application. However, the drawback of fluorescent carbon dots that their strong emission frequently in the blue-light region restricts their further
applications. Here, fluorescent carbon dots with tunable emission were synthesized through a simple, rapid and low-cost chemical thermal treatment method. The fluorescent carbon dots emit bright green, yellow and orange fluorescence with different pH value. This is due to the combined effect
of size and surface states of fluorescent carbon dots. Further studies show that the fluorescent carbon dots possess intrinsic horseradish peroxidase-like activity and were successfully applied to directly detect Cr3+.
Study on preparation and properties of edible carrageenan-garlic extract composite film
Authors: Fu Ruimin , Zhang Hong , Xie Yan , Yang Xue , Tang Wei , Chen Wuling
Published: May 2022

In order to prepare edible cling film with anti-oxidation and anti-bacteria properties, in this study, a new functional food packaging film was prepared using carrageenan (CA) and garlic extract (GE) as raw materials, then based on identification of morphological and structural characteristics,
anti-oxidation analysis and anti-bacteria analysis methods were used to study the optical properties and physical and chemical characteristics of the film materials. Results indicate that the addition of garlic extract has affected the micro-structure and mechanical properties of composite
film, where the DPPH free radical scavenging rate significantly increases with the increase of extract concentration. In addition, the film with the mass concentration of 3% has a better anti-oxidation effect and the diameter of inhibition zone increases with the increase of extract concentration.
In short, the addition of garlic extract improves the biological activity of carrageenan film, having provided a theoretical basis for the production of garlic extract-carrageenan composite film.
Effect of strain on the formation of Guinier—Preston zone in Al—Cu alloys from first-principles
Authors: Ou Ling , Li Lin-Yan , He Fan-Cai , Nie Yu-Feng , Li Shi-Chen
Published: May 2022

Using first-principles calculations, we systematically investigate the energetics of Guinier—Preston zone (GPZ) formation in response to external strain in the Al—Cu system. The results show that when the applied strain exceeds a certain threshold, the precipitation of the
GPZ preferentially occurs parallel (perpendicular) to the direction of tensile (compressive) strain and the precipitation energy of the GPZ has a parabolic relationship with the magnitude of strain. The variation of precipitation energy is related to the misfit of the GPZ with the matrix,
which changes the number of bonding electrons below the Fermi level.
Autonomous damage recognition of C/SiC composite based on transfer learning
Authors: Zhou Qianbo , Chen Zhaofeng , Xu Jianyong
Published: May 2022

C/SiC composite has excellent performance, but their damage patterns cannot be effectively detected, and it is tough to obtain a large amount of label data. Therefore, an autonomous damage image recognition based on transfer learning is proposed in this paper. A C/SiC composite damage
image data set is collected from experiments and papers, including fiber pullout, matrix cracking, interface debonding, and fiber breakage images. Pre-trained DenseNet121 was transferred to train and classify this data set. Pre-trained AlexNet and other four networks are selected for comparison.
The results of experiment illustrate that the accuracy of directly using the DenseNet121 model is 70.536%, and the accuracy of the transferring pre-trained AlexNet, VGG16, ResNet18, and MobileNet-v2 on the validation set is 96.429%, 84.598%, 94.420%, 94.866%, respectively. The accuracy in
this paper is 97.098%. As the number of damage images of C/SiC composite is limited, the recognition accuracy of the method is significantly improved.
The Late-Eighteenth-Century Climate of Cape Town, South Africa, Based on the Dutch East India Company “Day Registers” (1773–91)
Authors: Grab Stefan , Williams Mark
Published: May 2022

We introduce the Dutch East India Company “day registers” as one of the world’s longest known pre-nineteenth-century corporate chronicles (1652–1791) containing near-continuous, systematic, noninstrumental daily weather information for Cape Town, South Africa. This transcript provides the longest-known continuous seventeenth- to eighteenth-century daily weather record for Africa and the Southern Hemisphere. An 18-yr (1773–91) climate chronology from this record is presented, thus providing unique insight to the late-eighteenth-century climate of Cape Town. Extraction of daily weather information for basic statistical analysis includes precipitation, wind, sky conditions, and accounts of storms, drought, and floods. From this, we provide monthly and annual number of rain days, a rain index (relative rainfall amount), hot and cold days, and occurrence of storm-strength winds. Results show extreme weather and climate variability in Cape Town during the mid- to late 1780s.
Intraseasonal Melting of Northern Barents Sea Ice Forced by Circumpolar Clockwise-Propagating Atmospheric Waves during Early Summer
Authors: Yang Jing , Li Siyu , Zhu Tao , Qi Xin , Liu Jiping , Kim Seong-Joong , Gong Daoyi
Published: May 2022

Arctic sea ice intraseasonal variation (ISV) is crucial for understanding and predicting atmospheric subseasonal variations over the middle and high latitudes but unclear. Sea ice concentration (SIC) over the northern Barents Sea (NBS) features large ISV during the melting season (April–July). Based on the observed SIC, this study finds that the NBS SIC ISV in the melting season is dominated by 30–60-day periodicity. The composite analysis, using 34 significant 30–60-day sea ice melting events during 1989–2017, demonstrates that 30–60-day circumpolar clockwise-propagating atmospheric waves (CCPW) are concurrent with the NBS SIC ISV, which features zonal wavenumber 1 along 65°N and a typical quasi-barotropic structure. Further analysis finds that the 30–60-day surface air temperature (SAT) evidently leads the SIC variations by nearly 6 days over the NBS, which is primarily caused by low-level meridional thermal advection linked with the 30–60-day CCPW. The positive anomalies of the downward sensible heat and longwave radiative fluxes, caused by the increased SAT and atmospheric moisture, play the dominant roles in melting the sea ice on the 30–60-day time scale over the NBS. The increased atmospheric moisture is mainly ascribed to the increased horizontal moisture advection influence by the 30–60-day CCPW. This study strongly suggests that the atmospheric ISV is a crucial precursor for NBS sea ice intraseasonal changes in boreal summer, and more accurate subseasonal predictions of atmospheric circulation, temperature, and moisture are indispensable for improving sea ice subseasonal prediction over the Arctic region.

Significance Statement

Northern Barents Sea (NBS) sea ice intraseasonal variation (ISV) is crucial for understanding mid- to high-latitude climate variations as well as new trans-Arctic shipping predictions but lacks solid knowledge. This study found that the 30–60-day variation is the dominant ISV periodicity of NBS sea ice change during summer, which is essentially modulated by circumpolar clockwise-propagating atmospheric waves. The atmospheric wave-induced meridional thermal advection modulates the surface temperature and atmospheric moisture, causes the changes of downward sensible heat and longwave radiative fluxes, and eventually dominantly regulates the 30–60-day sea ice variations. The mechanism of sea ice ISV strongly suggests that accurately predicting the atmospheric fields is indispensable for obtaining more accurate sea ice subseasonal prediction.
The British–Okhotsk Corridor Pattern and Its Linkage to the Silk Road Pattern
Authors: Xu Peiqiang , Wang Lin , Dong Zizhen , Li Yanjie , Shen Xiaocen , Chen Wen
Published: May 2022

Based on observation and reanalysis datasets, numerical experiments with a simple dynamical model, and climate model outputs, this study investigates the second leading waveguide teleconnection along the summer polar front jet (PFJ) over Eurasia on the interannual time scale, the British–Okhotsk Corridor (BOC) pattern. The BOC pattern explains 20.8% of the total variance over northern Eurasia, which is only slightly lower than the first leading teleconnection, the British–Baikal Corridor pattern. It consists of four zonally oriented action centers over the British Isles, western Russia, northern Siberia, and the Sea of Okhotsk. It is primarily confined to northern Eurasia and leads to wavelike temperature and precipitation anomalies along its routine. Besides, it is occasionally coupled to the dominant waveguide teleconnection along the subtropical jet (STJ), the Silk Road pattern (SRP). A bifurcated wavelike pattern appears over Eurasia when the coupling is strong, with two branches of waves over the PFJ and the STJ, respectively. The fluctuations of the BOC–SRP linkage play a profound role in shaping the dominant climate variability modes over Eurasia. Numerical experiments with a simple dynamical model suggest that the basic flow cannot directly influence the BOC–SRP linkage by affecting the propagation condition of Rossby waves. Nevertheless, the basic flow can indirectly influence the linkage by changing the exciting locations of the BOC pattern through modulating the wave–mean flow interaction at the exit of the Atlantic jet stream. The climate model INMCM4.0 can reproduce the observed BOC–SRP linkage and its time-varying characteristics, supporting the observation and the proposed mechanism.

Significance Statement

Over Eurasia, extreme summer weather events are often related to long-lasting stagnant atmospheric circulation anomalies in the upper troposphere, which can be well determined by a few recurring modes called atmospheric teleconnections. Atmospheric teleconnections over Eurasia usually propagate along the subtropical jet (STJ) and the polar front jet (PFJ). Although the teleconnections along the STJ have been well understood, the teleconnections along the PFJ are currently not fully understood. This paper investigates the British–Okhotsk Corridor (BOC) pattern, a newly defined major summer teleconnection along the PFJ. The BOC pattern can be occasionally coupled to a dominant teleconnection along the STJ. Fluctuations of this linkage play a profound role in shaping the dominant surface climate variability modes over Eurasia. Observation and reanalysis datasets, numerical experiments with a simple dynamical model, and climate model output are used to understand this linkage in the study.
Wind Drift in a Homogeneous Equilibrium Sea
Authors: Samelson R. M.
Published: May 2022

A simple dynamical model is proposed for the near-surface drift current in a homogeneous, equilibrium sea. The momentum balance is formulated for a mass-weighted mean in curvilinear surface-conforming coordinates. Stokes drifts computed analytically for small wave slopes by this approach for inviscid linear sinusoidal and Pollard–Gerstner waves agree with the corresponding Lagrangian means, consistent with a mean momentum balance that determines mean parcel motion. A wave-modified mixing length model is proposed, with a depth-dependent eddy viscosity that depends on an effective ocean surface roughness length z0o, distinct from the atmospheric bulk-flux roughness length z0a, and an additional wave-correction factor ϕw. Kinematic Stokes drift profiles are computed for two sets of quasi-equilibrium sea states and are interpreted as mean wind drift profiles to provide calibration references for the model. A third calibration reference, for surface drift only, is provided by the traditional 3%-of-wind rule. For 10-m neutral wind U10N ≤ 20 m s−1, the empirical z0o ranges from 10−4 to 10 m, while ϕw ranges from 1.0 to 0.1. The model profiles show a shallow log-layer structure at the smaller wind speeds and a nearly uniform near-surface shear at the larger wind speeds. Surface velocities are oriented 10°–20° from downwind for U10N ≤ 10 m s−1 and 20°–35° from downwind for 10 ≤ U10N ≤ 20 m s−1. A small correction to the drag coefficient is implied. The model predictions show a basic consistency with several sets of previously published near-surface current measurements, but the comparison is not definitive.