bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of dairy protein during limb immobilization and recovery on muscle size and protein synthesis; a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mitchell Cameron J. , D’Souza Randall F. , Mitchell Sarah M. , Figueiredo Vandre C. , Miller Benjamin F. , Hamilton Karyn L. , Peelor Fredrick F. , Coronet Marcelli , Pileggi Chantal A. , Durainayagam Brenan , Fanning Aaron C. , Poppitt Sally D. , Cameron-Smith David
Published: November 2017

Muscle disuse results in the loss of muscular strength and size, due to an imbalance between protein synthesis (MPS) and breakdown (MPB). Protein ingestion stimulates MPS, although it is not established if protein is able to attenuate muscle loss with immobilization (IM) or influence the recovery consisting of ambulatory movement followed by resistance training (RT). Thirty men (49.9 ± 0.6 yr) underwent 14 days of unilateral leg IM, 14 days of ambulatory recovery (AR), and a further six RT sessions over 14 days. Participants were randomized to consume an additional 20 g of dairy protein or placebo with a meal during the intervention. Isometric knee extension strength was reduced following IM (−24.7 ± 2.7%), partially recovered with AR (−8.6 ± 2.6%), and fully recovered after RT (−0.6 ± 3.4%), with no effect of supplementation. Thigh muscle cross-sectional area decreased with IM (−4.1 ± 0.5%), partially recovered with AR (−2.1 ± 0.5%), and increased above baseline with RT (+2.2 ± 0.5%), with no treatment effect. Myofibrillar MPS, measured using deuterated water, was unaltered by IM, with no effect of protein. During AR, MPS was increased only with protein supplementation. Protein supplementation did not attenuate the loss of muscle size and function with disuse or potentiate recovery but enhanced myofibrillar MPS during AR.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Twenty grams of daily protein supplementation does not attenuate the loss of muscle size and function induced by 2 wk of muscle disuse or potentiate recovery in middle-age men. Average mitochondrial but not myofibrillar muscle protein synthesis was attenuated during immobilization with no effect of supplementation. Protein supplementation increased myofibrillar protein synthesis during a 2-wk period of ambulatory recovery following disuse but without group differences in phenotype recovery.
Twisted Frobenius Identities from Vertex Operator Superalgebras
Authors: Zuevsky Alexander
Published: November 2017

In consideration of the continuous orbifold partition function and a generating function for all n-point correlation functions for the rank two free fermion vertex operator superalgebra on the self-sewing torus, we introduce the twisted version of Frobenius identity.
Periodically Pulsed Immunotherapy in a Mathematical Model of Tumor, CD4+ T Cells, and Antitumor Cytokine Interactions
Authors: Wei Hsiu-Chuan , Yu Jui-Ling , Hsu Chia-Yu
Published: November 2017

Immunotherapy is one of the most recent approaches for controlling and curing malignant tumors. In this paper, we consider a mathematical model of periodically pulsed immunotherapy using CD4+ T cells and an antitumor cytokine. Mathematical analyses are performed to determine the threshold of a successful treatment. The interindividual variability is explored by one-, two-, and three-parameter bifurcation diagrams for a nontreatment case. Numerical simulation conducted in this paper shows that (i) the tumor can be regulated by administering CD4+ T cells alone in a patient with a strong immune system or who has been diagnosed at an early stage, (ii) immunotherapy with a large amount of an antitumor cytokine can boost the immune system to remit or even to suppress tumor cells completely, and (iii) through polytherapy the tumor can be kept at a smaller size with reduced dosages.
Performance Improvement of Space Shift Keying MIMO Systems with Orthogonal Codebook-Based Phase-Rotation Precoding
Authors: Al-Ansi Mohammed , Aljunid Syed Alwee , Sourour Essam
Published: November 2017

This paper considers codebook-based precoding for Space Shift Keying (SSK) modulation MIMO system. Codebook-based precoding avoids the necessity for full knowledge of Channel State Information (CSI) at the transmitter and alleviates the complexity of generating a CSI-optimized precoder. The receiver selects the codeword that maximizes the Minimum Euclidean Distance (MED) of the received constellation and feeds back its index to the transmitter. In this paper, we first develop a new accurate closed-form Bit Error Rate (BER) for SSK without precoding. Then, we investigate several phase-rotation codebooks with quantized set of phases and systematic structure. Namely, we investigate the Full-Combination, Walsh-Hadamard, Quasi-Orthogonal Sequences, and Orthogonal Array Testing codebooks. In addition, since the size of the Full-Combination codebook may be large, we develop an iterative search method for fast selection of its best codeword. The proposed codebooks significantly improve the BER performance in Rayleigh and Nakagami fading channels, even at high spatial correlation among transmit antennas and CSI estimation error. Moreover, we show that only four phases {+1,+j,-1,-j} are sufficient and further phase granularity does yield significant gain. This avoids hardware multiplication during searching the codebook and applying the codeword.
Early Human Migrations (ca. 13,000 Years Ago) or Postcontact Europeans for the Earliest Spread ofMycobacterium lepraeandMycobacterium lepromatosisto the Americas
Authors: Mark Samuel
Published: November 2017

For over a century, it has been widely accepted that leprosy did not exist in the Americas before the arrival of Europeans. This proposition was based on a combination of historical, paleopathological, and representational studies. Further support came from molecular studies in 2005 and 2009 that fourMycobacterium lepraesingle-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and then 16 SNP subtypes correlated with general geographic regions, suggesting theM. lepraesubtypes in the Americas were consistent with European strains. Shortly thereafter, a number of studies proposed that leprosy first came to the Americas with human migrations around 12,000 or 13,000 years ago. These studies are based primarily on subsequent molecular data, especially the discovery of a new leprosy speciesMycobacterium lepromatosisand its close association with diffuse lepromatous leprosy, a severe, aggressive form of lepromatous leprosy, which is most common in Mexico and the Caribbean Islands. A review of these and subsequent molecular data finds no evidence for either leprosy species in the Americas before the arrival of Europeans, and strains of both species of leprosy found in eastern Mexico, Caribbean Islands, and Brazil came from Europe while strains found in western Mexico are consistent with their arrival via direct voyages from the Philippines.
Preparation and Characterization of Pd Modified TiO2 Nanofiber Catalyst for Carbon–Carbon Coupling Heck Reaction
Authors: Nyangasi Leah O. , Andala Dickson M. , Onindo Charles O. , Ngila Jane C. , Makhubela Banothile C. E. , Ngigi Eric M.
Published: November 2017

TiO2 fibers were prepared through electrospinning of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and titanium isopropoxide (TIP) solution followed by calcination of fibers in air at 500°C. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) protected palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) prepared through reduction method were successfully adsorbed on the TiO2 nanofibers (NF). Combined studies of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) indicated that the synthesized Pd/TiO2 had anatase. BET indicated that the synthesized TiO2 and Pd/TiO2 had a surface area of 53.4 and 43.4 m2/g, respectively. The activity and selectivity of 1 mol% Pd/TiO2 in the Heck reaction have been investigated towards the Mizoroki-Heck carbon–carbon cross-coupling of bromobenzene (ArBr) and styrene. Temperature, time, solvent, and base were optimized and catalyst was recycled thrice. 1H NMR and 13C NMR indicated that stilbene, a known compound from literature, was obtained in various Heck reactions at temperatures between 100°C and 140°C but the recyclability was limited due to some palladium leaching and catalyst poisoning which probably arose from some residual carbon from the polymer. The catalyst was found to be highly active under air atmosphere with reaction temperatures up to 140°C. Optimized reaction condition resulted in 89.7% conversions with a TON of 1993.4 and TOF value of 332.2 hr−1.
Optimized Power Allocation and Relay Location Selection in Cooperative Relay Networks
Authors: Bao Jianrong , Wu Jiawen , Liu Chao , Jiang Bin , Tang Xianghong
Published: November 2017

An incremental selection hybrid decode-amplify forward (ISHDAF) scheme for the two-hop single relay systems and a relay selection strategy based on the hybrid decode-amplify-and-forward (HDAF) scheme for the multirelay systems are proposed along with an optimized power allocation for the Internet of Thing (IoT). Given total power as the constraint and outage probability as an objective function, the proposed scheme possesses good power efficiency better than the equal power allocation. By the ISHDAF scheme and HDAF relay selection strategy, an optimized power allocation for both the source and relay nodes is obtained, as well as an effective reduction of outage probability. In addition, the optimal relay location for maximizing the gain of the proposed algorithm is also investigated and designed. Simulation results show that, in both single relay and multirelay selection systems, some outage probability gains by the proposed scheme can be obtained. In the comparison of the optimized power allocation scheme with the equal power allocation one, nearly 0.1695 gains are obtained in the ISHDAF single relay network at a total power of 2 dB, and about 0.083 gains are obtained in the HDAF relay selection system with 2 relays at a total power of 2 dB.
Identification of Factors Influencing Cumulative Long-Term Radiation Exposure in Patients Undergoing EVAR
Authors: Kalender G. , Lisy Milan , Stock U. A. , Endisch A. , Kornberger A.
Published: November 2017

Patients who undergo endovascular repair of aortic aneurysms (EVAR) require life-long surveillance because complications including, in particular, endoleaks, aneurysm rupture, and graft dislocation are diagnosed in a certain share of the patient population and may occur at any time after the original procedure. Radiation exposure in patients undergoing EVAR and post-EVAR surveillance has been investigated by previous authors. Arriving at realistic exposure data is essential because radiation doses resulting from CT were shown to be not irrelevant. Efforts directed at identification of factors impacting the level of radiation exposure in both the course of the EVAR procedure and post-EVAR endovascular interventions and CTAs are warranted as potentially modifiable factors may offer opportunities to reduce the radiation. In the light of the risks found to be associated with radiation exposure and considering the findings above, those involved in EVAR and post-EVAR surveillance should aim at optimal dose management.
Falsche Erinnerungen: Ein Problem auch in der Psychotherapie?
Authors: Hermanutz Max
Published: November 2017

Sobald wahrgenommene Informationen als Erinnerungen gespeichert werden, können die Inhalte wieder vergessen werden oder sich mit der Zeit verändern, und im Extremfall kann es zu falschen Erinnerungen kommen. Solche Irrtümer sind den Betroffenen nicht bewusst. Sowohl bei traumatisierten Menschen, bei denen es um die Anerkennung als Asylberechtigte geht, als auch bei Patienten, die durch ihre Erinnerungen andere Personen strafrechtlich belasten, werden bei den Behörden Fragen nach der Glaubhaftigkeit von deren Aussagen gestellt. Dabei kann es wegen vermeintlicher suggestiver Erzeugung von falschen Erinnerungen, z.B. durch Psychotherapeuten, zu Vorwürfen auch gegenüber den Behandlern kommen. Die Darstellung von gedächtnisrelevanten Befunden zum normalen Vergessen bis hin zu schwerwiegenden manipulativ-suggestiven Einflussfaktoren soll Psychotherapeuten deutlich machen, welche therapeutischen Strategien das Auftreten von Gedächtnisverfälschungen bei Patienten begünstigen können. Durch das Bewusstmachen von solchen Mechanismen können Befragungen von Patienten so durchgeführt werden, dass sie möglichst wenig falsche Erinnerungen entstehen lassen. Explorationen sollten mit freien Berichten der Patienten erfolgen. Fragen sollten immer offen gestellt werden. Die Antworten darauf sind weniger anfällig für Gedächtnisverfälschungen als bei geschlossenen Fragen. Manipulationen oder Beeinflussungen, die das Auftreten von Gedächtnisverfälschungen begünstigen können, sollten vermieden werden.
Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Local Allergic Rhinitis in Children Sensitized to House Dust Mites
Authors: Ha Eun Kyo , Na Min Sun , Lee Shinhae , Baek Heysung , Lee Seung Jin , Sheen Youn Ho , Jung Young-Ho , Lee Kyung Suk , Kim Mi Ae , Jee Hye Mi , Han Man Yong
Published: November 2017

Objective: The prevalence of local allergic rhinitis (LAR) in nonatopic children remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and severity of LAR in children in comparison to classical allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR). Study Design: A total of 145 children (aged 1-18 years) were enrolled and classified into 3 groups (AR, NAR, and LAR) based on a skin prick test (SPT) and a nasal provocation test (NPT) with house dust mite, i.e., Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. NPT positivity was defined as a symptom score ≥2 standard deviations (SDs) above the healthy control score. Results: Eighty-one children had AR (55.9%), and 64 (44.1%) had symptoms of rhinitis with negative SPT; 59 NAR (40.7%) and 5 LAR (3.4%) children were identified. The κ score for agreement between the SPT and the NPT results was 0.778 (95% CI 0.726-0.830, p < 0.001). A significant correlation was observed between wheal diameter and maximum nasal symptom score provoked by D.pteronyssinus (rho = 0.589, p < 0.001). Nasal severity according to the ARIA guideline did not show any differences in the 3 groups (p = 0.693). The AR group was older than the LAR and NAR groups (AR > LAR > NAR, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Despite the evidence to support the existence of LAR in pediatric populations, we found that its prevalence was relatively low, possibly due to the high rate of agreement between SPT and NPT. Further investigations are needed to identify immunological as well as clinical implications of LAR.
Less Limb Muscle Involvement in Myositis Patients with Anti-Mitochondrial Antibodies
Authors: Uenaka Takeshi , Kowa Hisatomo , Ohtsuka Yoshihisa , Seki Tsuneyoshi , Sekiguchi Kenji , Kanda Fumio , Toda Tatsushi
Published: November 2017

Recent studies have revealed the clinical, histological, and pathophysiological characteristics in a group of inflammatory myopathies with selected autoantibodies. We retrospectively compared the clinical manifestations and histological features between 8 anti-mitochondrial (anti-M2) antibody-positive and 33 antibody-negative patients. Patients with anti-M2 antibodies have been previously reported to have delayed diagnostic confirmation and frequent cardiopulmonary complications in comparison to those without the antibodies. In our study, clinical characteristics in patients with the antibodies were as follows: lesser degree of limb muscle weakness and atrophy as well as lymphocytic infiltration in muscle biopsy specimens, and frequent paravertebral muscle atrophy. Anti-M2 antibody appeared to be a biomarker related to not only cardiopulmonary complications, but also characteristic ­distributions of affected muscles.
Cerebrospinal Fluid S100B and Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers in Hip Fracture Patients with Delirium
Authors: Hov Karen Roksund , Bolstad Nils , Idland Ane-Victoria , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Chaudhry Farrukh A. , Frihagen Frede , Ræder Johan , Wyller Torgeir Bruun , Watne Leiv Otto
Published: November 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) S100B astrocyte-derived protein and delirium and to perform stratified analyses according to clinical and CSF markers of dementia. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study in a university hospital setting. The participants were patients admitted for hip fracture (n = 98) or for elective surgery (n = 50). Delirium was assessed daily perioperatively in hip fracture patients using the Confusion Assessment Method. A consensus-based diagnosis of prefracture dementia was made using all available information. CSF was drawn at the onset of spinal anesthesia. S100B and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) concentrations were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Results: In the hip fracture population (n = 98) there was no significant difference in CSF S100B concentrations between patients with ongoing preoperative (i.e., prevalent) delirium (n = 36, median [interquartile range] 1.11 μg/L [0.91–1.29]) and patients who never developed delirium (n = 46, 1.08 μg/L [0.92–1.28], p = 0.92). In patients without preoperative delirium, those who developed delirium postoperatively (i.e., incident delirium) (n = 16, 1.38 μg/L [1.08–1.62]) had higher concentrations of S100B than the 46 who never did (p = 0.013). This difference was confined to patients with pathological concentrations of P-tau (≥60 ng/L, n = 38). We also found that P-tau and S100B were correlated in CSF in the elective surgery patients. Conclusions: CSF S100B was elevated in patients with incident delirium who also had pathological levels of the Alzheimer disease biomarker P-tau, suggesting vulnerability caused by a preexisting process of astrocytic activation and tau pathology.
A Novel Color Fluorescence Navigation System for Intraoperative Transcutaneous Lymphatic Mapping and Resection of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer: Comparison with the Combination of Gamma Probe Scanning and Visible Dye Methods
Authors: Hokimoto Norihiro , Sugimoto Takeki , Namikawa Tsutomu , Funakoshi Taku , Oki Toyokazu , Ogawa Maho , Fukuhara Hideo , Inoue Keiji , Sato Takayuki , Hanazaki Kazuhiro
Published: November 2017

Background: This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of a novel imaging system (HyperEye Medical System [HEMS]; Mizuho Corp., Tokyo, Japan) that uses the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence of indocyanine green to analyze sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies for the staging of breast cancer. Methods: This study enrolled 91 patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer that was clinically node negative with a tumor size <3 cm. We compared SLN identification rates between HEMS and conventional methods (gamma probe scanning using a colloidal radioisotope [RI] and a blue dye method) by analyzing the relationships of lymphatic to axillary lesions and SLNs. Results: The identification rate of SLNs was 100% using HEMS, 97.8% using the RI method, and 95.6% using the blue dye method. Two types of lymphatic pathway (LP) were detected in 39 patients (42.9%) and also clearly identified using HEMS-captured color and NIR fluorescence. The incidence of two or more SLNs was significantly higher in patients with a two-route LP to the axilla group than in those with only one route (p < 0.001; 43.6 vs. 9.6%). Conclusions: The HEMS NIR fluorescence color imaging method is a promising potential modality for higher-level identification of SLNs than a standard combination of the RI and blue dye methods.
Оптимізація регенерації кісткової тканини у пацієнтів після цистектомії
Authors: Piuryk Ya. V.
Published: November 2017

In recent decades, we observed the displacement of bone grafts with new, diverse implantation materials, in particular on the basis of synthetic calcium phosphates. However, pure hydroxyapatites and tricalcium phosphates do not have osteoinduction properties. These circumstances led to the search for composite synthetic and composite materials based on biphasic ceramics using different biomaterials, binding components, bioactive substances, pharmacological preparations.The aim of the study – to improve the effi ciency of treatment of patients with odontogenic cysts, combining autologous bone marrow and artifi cial bone replacements, creating a mixture that, when it replaces bone defects, will optimize reparative processes.Materials and Methods. 82 patients aged 18–55 years who had been operated on the basis of radicular jaw cysts were examined. The patients were on inpatient treatment at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Clinical Hospital. The results evaluation of the clinical study was performed according to the data of general-clinical, biochemical (free oxyproline, protein-bound oxyproline, aspartate-alanine aminotransferase), X-ray, echo-osteometric examination of patients. Clinical, radiological and echo-osteometric studies were performed prior to surgery and in 1,3,6, 9 and 12 months after surgical treatment.Results and Discussion. In all 3 groups of patients, the postoperative period ran with minor complications. The smallest percentage of infl ammatory complications in patients with the group III, in our opinion, can be explained by the anti-infl ammatory effect of the composite material created. The results of the ЕО of patients of the group III indicate that when performing postoperative bone jaws of the autologous bone marrow from Stimul-Oss there are active osteo-reparative processes with re-building and mineralization of the bone regenerate, since the velocity of passing ultrasound on the bone is the higher, the less its porosity and a higher concentration of calcium, phosphate and other mineral components.Conclusions. 1. The combination of artifi cial Stimul-Oss hydroxyapatite with an autologous bone marrow allows for a positive clinical outcome by strengthening the osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties of the newly developed combined graft. 2. The use of the newly created material does not affect the fermentation activity of the aminotransferase of the serum, indicating no negative effect on the patient’s body.
Вміст мінеральних компонентів у ротовій рідині дітей дошкільного віку з патологією опорно-рухового апарату
Authors: Bodnaruk N. I. , Lysak T. Y.
Published: November 2017

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) occupy a leading place among the diseases affecting the dental health of children. The composition and properties of the oral fl uid are an appropriate refl ection of the various processes in the body and can help to study the pathogenesis of tooth decay associated with MSD.The aim of the study – to determine mineral ingredients composition of saliva in children with MSD and to identify its relationship with dental caries.Materials and Methods. 90 5-year old children were examined and divided into three groups of 30 persons in each: fi rst – children with dental caries and MSD; the second – children with dental caries, MSD and undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD); the third – children with dental caries without somatic pathology (comparison group). The deft values and levels of caries prevalence were evaluated. Mineral components of the saliva were determined by photometric method.Results and Discussion. The deft value was (6.17±0.52) in children with MSD, (8.00±0.50) in children with MSD and UCTD and (4.37±0.47) in children of the comparison group. In children with MSD total calcium level in the saliva was 33.80 % lower compared to that in comparison group and 25.53 % higher than in children with MSD and UCTD. The concentration of inorganic phosphorus in the saliva of children with MSD was 29.73 % lower compared to that in comparison group and 15.71 % higher than in children with MSD and UCTD. The same pattern has shown the magnesium level. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the saliva of both groups of children with MSD was lower than in comparison group.Conclusions. In the saliva of children with dental caries and MSD the defi ciencies of total calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium, as well as reduced activity of alkaline phosphatase were revealed.
O nem sempre conveniente verde: estudos preliminares de conceituação e tipificação de fitopatologias urbanas em espaços públicos
Authors: Silva Matheus Maramaldo Andrade , Lira Flaviana Barreto , Cocozza Glauco De Paula
Published: November 2017

Por meio da leitura da História percebe-se que as plantas têm ocupado importante papel na evolução do planeta e da vida – cada vez mais urbanizada. Como foco atual para a “sustentabilidade” têm se firmado como solução primeira de muitas problemáticas globais. Porém cabe perguntar: os elementos vegetais só trazem benefícios às urbes? O incorreto plantio e o crescimento natural da vegetação também podem dispor prejuízos ao cotidiano, fato que podemos denominar de fitopatologias urbanas. A partir dessas variáveis, procurou-se neste trabalho esboçar esse conceito, criar tipos de análise e produzir uma ferramenta preliminar de identificação de problemas relacionados à vegetação urbana, levantando uma Superquadra de Brasília (DF, Brasil). Isso reafirmou a necessidade de bons projetos paisagísticos e a conscientização popular, além de ter disposto o esboço de mais uma ferramenta de prevenção e diagnóstico.
Network Building Strategy and Adaptation to New Models of Commerce: An Analysis of Japan’s Trucking Industry
Authors: Sugie Ryosuke , Park Kihyun , Haney Mark , Park Young Won
Published: November 2017

This paper presents a comparative analysis of four key players in the Japanese trucking industry, Nippon Express, Fukuyama Transporting, Yamato Transport, and Sagawa Express, in order to address the question of how the sources of competitive advantage in the logistics area are changing in the face of a new global commerce model enabled by technology and characterized by an increasing number of direct-to-consumer transactions. The analysis concludes that, while efficiency remains an important success factor, network building capability and innovative partnerships are the dominant factors leading to sales, market share, and profitability in the contemporary Japanese trucking industry. Firms with the ability to build wide-reaching networks, to augment those networks through innovative partnerships, and thus fill structural holes for parties wishing to engage in business transactions have the greatest chance of success in the industry.
Naǧīb al-Kīlānī and the Islamic Storyteller
Authors: al-Khawaldeh Samira
Published: November 2017

Naǧīb al-Kīlānī is an Egyptian novelist and theorist whose work acquires more importance by virtue of its unique position as a literary manifestation of the thought and worldview of the Society of the Muslim Brotherhood. To embark on such a writing career in Egypt at mid-twentieth century meant first the antagonisation of certain power centers, leading to political jail, and ultimate diaspora; and second addressing the task of transforming the rudimentary conjecturing about an Islamic theory of art into a somewhat systematic form of theorization. The study thus aims to investigate al-Kīlānī’s contribution to the foundation of a theory of Islamic novel, focusing on his approach to the dilemmas and ambiguities surrounding the role of the modern Islamic novelist such as maintaining the intricate balance between the demands of religion and the freedom of art.
The Nature of Blood: Debating Haematology and Blood Chemistry in the Eighteenth-Century Dutch Republic
Authors: Verwaal Ruben E.
Published: November 2017

What is blood? Despite William Harvey’s discovery of the circulation of blood, many questions about blood itself remained unanswered. This article asks how and why Dutch medical men in the early eighteenth century initiated studies to understand the properties of blood. Medical professors analysed blood in chemical laboratories, as they believed that blood chemistry promoted new understandings of human physiology and pathology. Others, however, grew to be deeply sceptical about chemistry and argued that there existed a discrepancy between blood in vitro and blood in vivo. They preferred quantitative measurements, hoping that these would provide useful knowledge for making diagnoses and treating wounds. This article analyses these competing approaches to blood research, arguing that the discussion went beyond the problem of methodology and was directly linked to the question of blood’s essential yet disputed quality: was blood alive?
The dead forest on Trindade Island was not monospecific, says the wood
Authors: Witovisk Luciana , Alves Ruy J.V. , Guimarães Alessandra R. , da Silva Nilber G.
Published: November 2017

The first reports of a dead forest on Trindade Island are from the 18th century. Since then, the tentative identifications of the trees with red wood included Caesalpinia, Acacia, Rapanea, Pisonia, Eugenia and Colubrina, the latter having been confirmed by three independent wood anatomists familiar with Brazilian woods. In the 1960s Johann Becker was the last to sample a live Colubrina glandulosa Perkins var. reitzii on Trindade, which was presumed to be a remnant of the extinct forest. Based on this information, along with the eradication of feral goats from the island in 2005, thousands of C. glandulosa seedlings were reintroduced to Trindade. These trees, which grew well at first, are now collectively dying, less than two decades after planting. Their wood colour is much lighter than that of the dead trees, raising doubts about the latter’s correct identification. Herein we report the first detailed descriptions of two wood types from the extinct forest of Trindade, confirming the presence of C. glandulosa and reporting the presence of Paratecoma peroba (Bignoniaceae), a novel occurrence for the island. Radiocarbon dating of a dead C. glandulosa tree confirms that it belongs to the forest which died three centuries ago. The preserved wood proves that the extinct forest was not monospecific and suggests that further sampling of the remaining dead wood may enhance the floristic knowledge of the forest which once covered most of the island with additional species.
Augustea moreirana comb. nov. (Caryophyllaceae), an endemic species from Chile
Authors: IAMONICO DUILIO , MONTESINOS-TUBÉE DANIEL B.
Published: November 2017

Iamonico (2015a) recently described the new genus Augustea to accomodate three South American species previously included in the genus Polycarpon Linnaeus (1759: 859, 881), i.e. A. suffruticosa (Grisebach 1874: 77‒78) Iamonico (2015a: 72), A. coquimbense (Gereau & Marticorena 1995: 154) Iamonico (2015a: 75), and A. anomala (Hassler 1907: 12‒13) Iamonico (2015a: 76). In fact, these species are clearly separated from the molecular point of view (see Kool et al. 2007) and they display non-involte capsules. On the contrary, the dehiscence of capsule by valves that elastically roll inwards is unique in Polycarpon representing a synapomorphy for this genus.
Phallus aureolatus (Phallaceae, Agaricomycetes), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: TRIERVEILER-PEREIRA LARISSA , DE MEIJER ANDRÉ A. R. , RECK MATEUS ARDUVINO , HOSAKA KENTARO , SILVEIRA ROSA MARA BORGES DA
Published: November 2017

Phallus aureolatus, a new gasteroid species found in the Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil, is herein described, illustrated and its phylogenetic affinities are discussed. This new species is characterized by a pinkish volva, rhizomorphs with purplish pigments, a long white indusium, and a merulioid receptacle with a prominent, pseudoparenchymatous cap on the top when just exposed. A comparison with the morphologically similar taxa is presented, and a key to identify species of Phallus sensu lato (s.l.) known to occur in Brazil is provided.
Revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental species of the genus Oides Weber, 1801 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)
Authors: LEE CHI-FENG , BEENEN RON
Published: November 2017

Forty species of the genus Oides Weber, 1801 are considered as valid in the Palaearctic and Oriental regions. Six new species are described: O. bezdeki sp. nov., O. hsui sp. nov., O. takizawai sp. nov., and O. wangi sp. nov. from Sulawesi (Indonesia); O. boreri sp. nov. from Laos; and O. geiseri sp. nov. from India, Nepal, and Myanmar. The following synonymies are proposed: O. maculicollis Jacoby, 1886 as a junior synonym of O. apicalis Jacoby, 1883; O. niasensis Bowditch, 1925 as a junior synonym of O. duodecimpunctata (Clark, 1865); A. sumatrensis Blanchard, 1853, A. philippinensis Boheman, 1859, O. flavipes Duvivier, 1884, O. abdominalis Duvivier, 1884, O. subtilissima Duvivier, 1884, O. flavida Duvivier, 1884, O. elliptica Duvivier, 1884, O. marcida Duvivier, 1884, O. rhabodscelis Weise, 1922, O. bakeri Laboissière, 1925, and O. ovalis Laboissière, 1925 as junior synonyms of O. flava (Olivier, 1807); O. bengalensis Maulik, 1936 as a junior synonym of O. innocua Gahan, 1891; O. violaceipennis Duvivier, 1884 as a junior synonym of O. metallica Jacoby, 1884; O. indosinensis Laboissière, 1927 as a junior synonym of O. palleata (Fabricius, 1801); O. sternalis Weise, 1913 as a junior synonym of O. quadriguttata Duvivier, 1884; O. gyironga Chen & Jaing, 1981 as a junior synonym of O. scutellata (Hope, 1830); O. indica Baly, 1879 and O. chinensis Weise, 1922 as junior synonyms of O. tarsata (Baly, 1865); O. tibialis Duvivier, 1884 as a junior synonym of O. vixilla Duvivier, 1884. Oides epipleuralis Laboissière is removed from synonymy with O. laticlava (Fairmaire, 1889); O. laticlava (Fairmaire, 1889) removed from synonymy with O. maculata (Olivier, 1807); O. thibettana Jacoby, 1900 and O. tibiella Wilcox, 1971 removed from synonymies with O. tarsata (Baly, 1865). Neotypes are designated for Adorium maculatum Olivier, 1807; A. subhemisphaericum Guérin-Méneville, 1830; A. diardi Guérin-Méneville, 1830; O. chinensis Weise, 1922; and O. leucomelaena Weise, 1922. Host plant information is provided when known.
A Numerical Investigation of the Potential Effects of Aerosol-Induced Warming and Updraft Width and Slope on Updraft Intensity in Deep Convective Clouds
Authors: Lebo Zachary
Published: November 2017

The effects of aerosol perturbations on deep convective clouds have received considerable attention in the recent literature, especially from a modeling perspective. The published responses in precipitation amount and updraft strength vary in both sign and magnitude and may be the result of different models and parameterizations. Here, a simple numerical framework is employed to determine the potential effects of warming both below the freezing level (warm invigoration) and above the freezing level (mixed-phase invigoration) due to increased aerosol loading. The role of updraft width and slope in the same framework is also examined, highlighting the relative importance of each factor on the resulting updraft strength. The results show that the potential effects of warm invigoration are 2–3 times larger than for mixed-phase invigoration. However, a relatively small response in updraft velocity to warming is found, especially in comparison with the predicted changes in updraft velocity due to small differences in system slope and width, with 87.7% and 96.4% of the subadiabatic and adiabatic realizations, respectively, showing changes in updraft velocity of less than 15% for warmings of no more than 2°C. This result suggests that observations of the aerosol effect will be largely muddled by the natural variability of convective updraft width and slope (which are related to environmental wind shear).
The Impact of a Stochastically Perturbing Microphysics Scheme on an Idealized Supercell Storm
Authors: Qiao Xiaoshi , Wang Shizhang , Min Jinzhong
Published: November 2017

The concept of stochastic parameterization provides an opportunity to represent spatiotemporal errors caused by microphysics schemes that play important roles in supercell simulations. In this study, two stochastic methods, the stochastically perturbed temperature tendency from microphysics (SPTTM) method and the stochastically perturbed intercept parameters of microphysics (SPIPM) method, are implemented within the Lin scheme, which is based on the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) model, and are tested using an idealized supercell case. The SPTTM and SPIPM methods perturb the temperature tendency and the intercept parameters (IPs), respectively. Both methods use recursive filters to generate horizontally smooth perturbations and adopt the barotropic structure for the perturbation r, which is multiplied by tendencies or parameters from this parameterization. A double-moment microphysics scheme is used for the truth run. Compared to the multiparameter method, which uses randomly perturbed prescribed parameters, stochastic methods often produce larger ensemble spreads and better forecast the intensity of updraft helicity (UH). The SPTTM method better predicts the intensity by intensifying the midlevel heating with its positive perturbation r, whereas it performs worse in the presence of negative perturbation. In contrast, the SPIPM method can increase the intensity of UH by either positive or negative perturbation, which increases the likelihood for members to predict strong UH.
Old patterns on new clothes? Populism and political scandals in the Nordic countries
Authors: Herkman Juha
Published: November 2017

The paper analyses political scandals connected to the contemporary populist parties of Denmark, Finland and Sweden. The dramaturgies of these scandals repeat the general patterns of political scandals identified in previous studies, but they also share special characteristics that make them a specific type of neo-populist scandal. The starting point of the typical neo-populist scandal occurs due to the moral transgression of a member of a populist movement, usually through the use of unacceptable language or behaviour, insulting non-native inhabitants or other minorities within the population. However, provocation and playing the role of the underdog are common strategies employed by populists, and a populist movement may even benefit from a scandal, though the consequences of the scandal depend on the life phase of the movement and on the status of the member involved in the scandal. The moral transgressions and political consequences of neo-populist scandals may serve as an indicator of the condition liberal democracy enjoys, but also reveal contextual differences in particular societies and their moral order.
Censored: Whistleblowers and impossible speech
Authors: Kenny Kate
Published: November 2017

What happens to a person who speaks out about corruption in their organization, and finds themselves excluded from their profession? In this article, I argue that whistleblowers experience exclusions because they have engaged in ‘impossible speech’, that is, a speech act considered to be unacceptable or illegitimate. Drawing on Butler’s theories of recognition and censorship, I show how norms of acceptable speech working through recruitment practices, alongside the actions of colleagues, can regulate subject positions and ultimately ‘un-do’ whistleblowers. In turn, they construct boundaries against ‘unethical’ others who have not spoken out. Based on in-depth empirical research on financial sector whistleblowers, the article departs from existing literature that depicts the excluded whistleblower as a passive victim – a hollow stereotype. It contributes to organization studies in a number of ways. To debates on Butler’s recognition-based critique of subjectivity in organizations, it yields a performative ontology of excluded whistleblower subjects, in which they are both ‘derealized’ by powerful norms, and compelled into ongoing and ambivalent negotiations with self and other. These insights contribute to a theory of subjective derealization in instances of ‘impossible speech’, which provides a more nuanced conception of excluded organizational subjects, including blacklisted whistleblowers, than previously available.
Migration politics: Mobilizing against economic insecurity in the United States and South Africa
Authors: Paret Marcel
Published: November 2017

From the mid-2000s, the United States and South Africa, respectively, experienced significant pro-migrant and anti-migrant mobilizations. Economically insecure groups played leading roles. Why did these groups emphasize politics of migration, and to what extent did the very different mobilizations reflect parallel underlying mechanisms? Drawing on 41 months of ethnographic fieldwork and 119 interviews with activists and residents, I argue that the mobilizations deployed two common strategies: symbolic group formation rooted in demands for recognition, and targeting the state as a key source of livelihood. These twin strategies encouraged economically insecure groups to emphasize national identities and, in turn, migration. Yet, they manifested in different types of mobilization due to the varying characteristics of the groups involved, and the different national imaginaries and organizing legacies they had to draw upon. The analysis demonstrates the capacity of economically insecure groups to make collective claims. It also shows that within the context of anti-migrant nationalism, economic insecurity amplifies the significance of national belonging, citizenship, and migration as important terrains of collective struggle.
Air parcel network design considering pure freighters
Authors: Wang Huaizhu , Zhang Mengjie , Chen Chao , Yao Baozhen
Published: November 2017

This paper proposes a selection model of candidate nodes and an air parcel network hub location model to estimate the efficiency of the parcel network when adding pure freighters. Using the data on real demands among airports in practice, this article analyzes the hub location problem of the parcel network for DHL Express in the Asia-Pacific region. We find that Beijing, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Mascot are potential choices to be hub airports. The four hubs have parcel production of 10.1, 5.36, 2.75 and 0.84 million tons in the planning horizon, respectively. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to analyze the influence of different numbers of pure freighters on the air parcel network and the results indicate that the number of pure freighters can alleviate parcel pressure.
Young adults’ sibling relationships: Italian adaptation and validation of the Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale
Authors: Sommantico Massimiliano , Donizzetti Anna Rosa , De Rosa Barbara , Parrello Santa
Published: November 2017

To deepen our understanding of young adults’ sibling relationships in the Italian context, this study examines the psychometric properties of the Italian adaptation and validation of the Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale (LSRS) in a sample of 350 Italian university students (68.6% females, 31.4% males; ages 19–30 year, M = 23.6, SD = 3.2). Confirmatory factor analysis showed the expected six-factor structure and a close correlation between factors and scales. Internal consistency was adequate and correlation analysis with the Adult Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (ASRQ) confirmed the theoretical relations among the constructs. The findings confirm the transcultural validity of the LSRS. Moreover, results are consistent with research findings, indicating that women show a more positive attitude toward sibling relationships, especially when reporting their relationship with sisters, older siblings show a more positive attitude toward sibling relationships, and perception of current maternal and paternal partiality is related to negative attitudes toward sibling relationships.
Masculine harps and feminine horns: Timbre and pitch level influence gender ratings of musical instruments
Authors: Stronsick Lisa M. , Tuft Samantha E. , Incera Sara , McLennan Conor T.
Published: November 2017

We examined whether timbre (instrument), pitch level, or both influence gender ratings of musical instruments. According to previous research, a variety of musical instruments are categorized or rated as masculine, neutral, or feminine in a relatively consistent way. Gender associations to musical instruments have been rather reliable across time and across participant populations. We investigated the gender ratings of nine musical instruments (three masculine, three neutral, and three feminine) each heard at low, medium, and high pitch levels within the playable range of each instrument. Both timbre and pitch level influenced participants’ gender ratings. The effect of timbre is consistent with results of previous studies, further demonstrating that participants rate instruments fairly consistently. One novel finding is that pitch level also played a role in participants’ gender ratings. The ratings of all instruments heard in low pitch levels were shifted in the masculine direction, and the ratings of all instruments heard in high pitch levels were shifted in the feminine direction. These results provide evidence for the notion that participants are influenced by associations to both timbre and pitch level when rating musical instruments on gender.
Effects of early break intervals on musicians’ and nonmusicians’ skill learning
Authors: Simmons Amy L , Allen Sarah E , Cash Carla Davis , Duke Robert A
Published: November 2017

We measured the extent to which motor skill performance is advantaged by break intervals that include varied types of cognitive activity interposed early in a training session, directly comparing the performances of musicians and nonmusicians. Participants ( N = 118; 59 music majors, 59 nonmusicians) learned a 5-element keypress sequence on a digital piano during 12 min training sessions. Participants in three conditions took a 5 min break after 3 min of practice, and either practiced a new 5-element sequence (Break-motor), memorized word pairs (Break-word pair), or conversed with the proctor (Break-talk). Those in the fourth condition took no break (No-break). Participants were tested 12 hr later, following a night of sleep. Participants made significant performance gains across training and test, but musicians significantly outperformed nonmusicians at all timepoints. Nonmusicians made greater percentage gains than did musicians over the 5 min break interval and overnight, and participants in the Break-motor condition made significantly smaller gains over the 5 min break interval than did participants in the Break-talk and Break-word pair conditions. These results demonstrate that tasks involving declarative memories do not diminish performance enhancements that accrue during breaks early in motor skill practice, but these enhancements can be inhibited by engaging in competing motor tasks.