bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Professional indemnity/medical malpractice insurance—Awareness among medical students and consultants of India: An online survey study
Authors: Gadhe Shashikant , Kale Sachin , Chalak Ajit , Vatkar Arvind J , Doshi Suraj S , Dey Joydeep K
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Professional indemnity (PI) or medical malpractice insurance (MMI) has been a hot topic considering the increasing number of medical negligence cases rising worldwide. However, there is a palpable difference in understanding and usage of this tool in developed countries and regions such as India.

Aim:

This study aimed to analyze the general understanding of resident doctors and consultants about MMI and knowledge about its technical jargon.

Materials and Methods:

We distributed short Google Form questionnaires about various aspects of MMI. We recorded the data from 141 resident doctors and 42 consultants in the Navi Mumbai area of India. As it was a survey, we required no ethical review.

Results:

As consultants’ experience grew, so did their understanding of medical indemnity. Approximately 90%, 64%, and 22% of consultants with 10 years, 5–10 years, and 5 years of experience had acquired PI. The AOY:AOT (any one year:anyone time) ratio was known to just 35% of these specialists. About half of the resident doctors were aware of PI and the effects of medical specialization on PI. Around a fifth of the individuals had only acquired the PI.

Conclusion:

There needs to be more clarity between the need and knowledge of MMI in India. This needs to be addressed by teaching medical postgraduates about it during training. “There should be special emphasis on medical indemnity in terms of its need, clauses, and cost during postgraduate medical training.”
Patient Education Frequency and Methods during COVID-19 Pandemic and the Use of Technology as an Alternative to Conventional Methods
Authors: Badr Aisha F. , Barboud Dana , Al-Rifae Yousra , Alzubidi Alanoud , Alghamdi Lujain
Published: March 2023

Background:

Patient education (PE) during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic faced various challenges because of social distancing that was implemented to limit the transmission of COVID-19. As a result, traditional, face-to-face PE may have been jeopardized.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to therefore compare PE frequency and methods used before and after the pandemic as well as assess the use of technology in this practice.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia targeted the public of different age groups. An electronic link was shared with questionnaire items that included: (1) respondent’s demographics, (2) PE frequency and methods used before and during the pandemic, (3) familiarity with QR code use, and (4) reasons and deterrents for its use in PE.

Results:

Our results showed that majority of respondents before COVID-19 pandemic (60.4%) relied on face-to-face method for PE; however, a switch to technology-based methods, such as phone calls 44.8% (n = 86), telehealth 29% (n = 56), and QR code 15.6% (n = 30), was perceived during COVID-19 pandemic. Most respondents (70.3%) support QR code technology for PE particularly due to ease of use (70.8%), followed by accuracy of information 65% (n = 125) and reduce medication errors 57.8% (n = 111).

Conclusion:

QR code technology suggests a futuristic way that can allow pharmacists to keep a 2-m social distance from patients to reduce the risk of human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 infection. This is an innovative way that uses technology in pharmacy and can be used even after the pandemic.
Intensified First Cycle of Rituximab Plus Eight Cycles of Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisolone with Rituximab Chemotherapy for Advanced-Stage or Bulky Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Multicenter Phase II Consortium for Improving Survival of Lymphoma (CISL) Study
Authors: Kim Yu Ri , Kim Jin Seok , Kim Won Seog , Eom Hyeon Seok , Yang Deok-Hwan , Bae Sung Hwa , Kim Hyo Jung , Lee Jae Hoon , Oh Suk-Joong , Yoon Sung-Soo , Kwak Jae-Yong , Choi Chul Won , Kim Min Kyoung , Oh Sung Young , Kang Hye Jin , Nam Seung Hyun , Shim Hyeok , Park Joon Seong , Mun Yeung-Chul , Suh Cheolwon ,   the Korean Society of Hematology Lymphoma Working Party
Published: March 2023

PurposeThis phase II, open-label, multicenter study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of a rituximab intensification for the 1st cycle with every 21-day of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP-21) among patients with previously untreated advanced-stage or bulky diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Materials and MethodsNinety-two patients with stage III/IV or bulky DLBCL from 21 institutions were administered 8 cycles of R-CHOP-21 with an additional one dose of rituximab intensification on day 0 of the 1st cycle (RR-CHOP). The primary endpoint was a complete response (CR) rate after 3 cycles of chemotherapy. ResultsAmong the 92 DLBCL patients assessed herein, the response rate after 3 cycles of chemotherapy was 88.0% (38.0% CR+50.0% partial response [PR]). After the completion of 8 cycles of chemotherapy, the overall response rate was observed for 68.4% (58.7% CR+9.8% PR). The 3-year progression-free survival rate was 64.0%, and the 3-year overall survival rate was 70.4%. Febrile neutropenia was one of the most frequent grade 3 adverse events (40.0%) and 5 treatment-related deaths occurred. Compared with the clinical outcomes of patients who received R-CHOP chemotherapy as a historical control, the interim CR rate was higher in male patients with RR-CHOP (20.5% vs. 48.8%, p=0.016). ConclusionRituximab intensification on days 0 to the 1st cycle of the standard 8 cycles R-CHOP-21 for advanced DLBCL yielded favorable response rates after the 3 cycles of chemotherapy and acceptable toxicities, especially for male patients. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01054781.
Экстремальные проблемы в геометрической теории функций
Authors: Avkhadiev Farit Gabidinovich , Kayumov Ilgiz Rifatovich , Nasyrov Semen Rafailovich
Published: March 2023

Обзорная статья посвящена ряду достижений в области экстремальных проблем геометрической теории функций. В основе методов и подходов к решению рассматриваемых проблем лежат конформные изоморфизмы, а также теория однолистных функций, развивавшаяся с начала XX в. Приведены результаты по интегральным средним конформных отображений круга, в частности, дано распространение неравенства Е. П. Долженко для рациональных функций на случай произвольных областей со спрямляемыми границами. Описаны исследования в области неравенств типа Бора. Особо выделены интегральные неравенства типа Харди и Реллиха, в которых аналитические свойства неравенств тесно переплетаются с геометрическими характеристиками границ областей. Представлены результаты, касающиеся решения задачи Вуоринена о поведении конформных модулей при неограниченном растяжении плоскости. Получены формулы для вариации емкостей Робена. Охарактеризованы однопараметрические семейства рациональных и эллиптических функций, критические значения которых изменяются по заданному закону. Описаны также последние результаты по гипотезе Смейла, а также дуальной гипотезе Смейла.
Библиография: 149 названий.
Геометрия диофантовых экспонент
Authors: German Oleg Nikolaevich
Published: March 2023

Диофантовы экспоненты являются одними из самых простых количественных характеристик, отвечающих за аппроксимационные свойства линейных подпространств евклидова пространства. Данный обзор посвящeн описанию современного состояния раздела теории диофантовых приближений, изучающего диофантовы экспоненты и соотношения, которым они удовлетворяют. Мы обсуждаем классические диофантовы экспоненты, возникающие в задаче приближения нуля набором значений нескольких линейных форм в целых точках, их аналоги в теории диофантовых приближений с весами, мультипликативные диофантовы экспоненты, а также диофантовы экспоненты решeток. Особое внимание уделяется принципу переноса.
Библиография: 99 названий.
Relation between understandings of linear algebra concepts in the embodied world and in the symbolic world
Authors: Kawazoe Mitsuru
Published: March 2023

For the use of embodied notions in teaching linear algebra, some studies indicate that it is helpful, whereas other studies indicate that it could be problematic or become an obstacle. Hence, additional research is needed. This study is focused on linear (in)dependence and basis, and investigates the relation between their understandings in the embodied and symbolic worlds. We also examine whether students' conceptions in the embodied world can be improved by the instruction emphasizing geometric images, as our previous studies identified some limitations of students' understanding in the embodied world. To address these issues, we designed four tasks aiming to assess students' conceptions of linear (in)dependence, basis, and dimension, and also designed linear algebra lessons emphasizing geometric images of these concepts. These tasks were conducted during the lessons and the data of 38 engineering students was collected. The analysis for the data showed that conceptions in the embodied world was positively associated with conceptions in the symbolic world; however, students' conceptions in the embodied world were not sufficiently improved by the geometric instruction implemented in this study.
Límites en la legislación española al exequatur para resoluciones de alimentos y su impacto en el desarrollo integral de niños
Authors: Guaycha Sánchez Karina Alexandra , Orellana Izurieta William Gabriel
Published: March 2023

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar las dificultades que surgen de la figura de EXEQUATUR desde los tratados internacionales, al momento de exigir el derecho de alimentos de los niños y niñas a través las resoluciones otorgadas por la justicia ecuatoriana. La metodología empleada se sustentó en el método hipotético–deductivo durante las fases de observación, formulación de hipótesis y constatación. Entre los resultados alcanzados destacan que, existen limitaciones a la homologación y ejecución de las sentencias de los tribunales ecuatorianos en España, ya que los tribunales españoles pueden modificar las sentencias en aquellos casos en los que el objeto de la sentencia no coincida con el derecho español. Se concluye, que la homologación y ejecución efectiva de una resolución ecuatoriana, en materia de pensión alimenticia, en el territorio español, requiere de procedimientos engorrosos, así como de un largo periodo de tiempo, trayendo como consecuencia la vulneración al derecho constitucional del desarrollo integral del niño, niña y adolescente.
Mulheres, corpo-território e saúde indígena no Brasil, em uma perspectiva feminista decolonial
Authors: Sabino Luíza Wehbe , Dos Santos Pollyanna
Published: March 2023

As ações em saúde para as mulheres indígenas exigem entendimentos que vão além das especificidades requeridas pela política de saúde voltada aos povos originários, visto que a categoria “mulher indígena” é duplamente alvo de discriminações e ainda há muito desconhecimento sobre suas necessidades em saúde. E, diferentemente do que se poderia inferir, determinadas pautas feministas como “o direito ao próprio corpo” não encontram eco entre as mulheres indígenas, uma vez que o corpo é entendido para além das experiências individuais que este proporciona. Diante dessas questões, este artigo objetiva, a partir do aprofundamento teórico sobre o feminismo decolonial, compreender as principais demandas das mulheres indígenas, sobretudo aquelas que as unem em suas lutas transfronteiriças, apesar da multiplicidade de povos autóctones e das suas especificidades. Essa pesquisa foi empreendida por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, em que o ponto de vista de mulheres, especialmente as indígenas, foi priorizado. Como resultados, a noção de “corpo-território” é tomada como ponto focal dos debates sobre a indissociação entre saúde e o acesso à terra, e estão no cerne da luta dos movimentos das mulheres indígenas. Ao final, destacamos o projeto organizado por um desses movimentos, o “Reflorestarmentes”, que visa organizar os conhecimentos e as tecnologias ancestrais desenvolvidos e preservados pelas mulheres indígenas. O projeto busca propagá-los para o restante da humanidade, a fim de auxiliar, a todos/as, na tomada de consciência e de atitudes urgentes em prol dos cuidados requeridos pela Mãe Terra e pelos próprios corpos-territórios, por meio do autocuidado.
Evaluación del impacto de la inversión en investigación y desarrollo y el número de investigadores en el crecimiento económico
Authors: Aali-Bujari Alí , Venegas-Martínez Francisco
Published: March 2023

Esta investigación analiza el impacto de la inversión en Investigación y Desarrollo (I+D) y del número de investigadores en el crecimiento económico de algunas de las economías de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE), para el periodo 1996-2016. Se realiza un análisis de causalidad en el sentido de Granger y se estima un modelo de datos panel. Los datos son obtenidos de Banco Mundial. Se encuentra evidencia empírica de una causalidad bidireccional entre la I+D y el PIB per cápita, pero predominantemente I+D causa PIB. También se encuentra una causalidad bidireccional entre el número de investigadores y el PIB per cápita, pero predominantemente el PIB causa el número de investigadores. Mientras que el modelo de panel dinámico MGM-sistema en una etapa muestra que el crecimiento económico es afectado positivamente por la inversión en I+D y el número de investigadores. Este trabajo se distingue de otros en los siguientes aspectos: 1) considera una muestra de 25 países de OCDE en el periodo 1996-2016; 2) tiene una mayor disponibilidad de datos, y 3) se realiza un análisis de datos panel dinámico que permite utilizar una mayor cantidad de países, variables y períodos.
Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Autoeficacia Empresarial en universitarios de México
Authors: González-Betanzos Fabiola , Quiñonez-Tapia Francisco , Vargas-Garduño María de Lourdes
Published: March 2023

La investigación se centró en aportar evidencias de validez de constructo, convergente y de criterio, así como de fiabilidad para la Escala de autoeficacia empresarial (ESE) y analizar la equivalencia factorial por grupos participantes: sexo, rangos de edad, estadios de desarrollo, semestre y universidades. Participaron 1,525 estudiantes de dos universidades públicas mexicanas. Se aplicó la versión adaptada al español usando el procedimiento de traducción inversa, así como la escala de emprendimiento social (SEAS). La adaptación del ESE al español reproduce los seis factores propuestos por los autores originales en un modelo de segundo orden que muestra un buen ajuste (χ² = 2,367, p < 0.05), gl = 229, RMSEA = .08, SRMR = ,04, CFI = .95, TLI = .94, AIC = 81,521). Se encontró que la autoeficacia empresarial predice el 23.3% de la intención de emprendimiento y presenta una correlación moderada con la autoeficacia del SEAS (r = 0.48). En general se encontró invarianza configuracional y métrica en cada uno de los grupos analizados (ΔCFI > -.01).  El valor del coeficiente de omega McDonald fue de .94. La Escala de Autoeficacia Empresarial aplicada a los universitarios en contextos de pobreza en México es confiable, con evidencias de validez e invariante para los distintos grupos analizados.
The Evolution of personalised nutrition
Authors: strauss Bernhard , Short Samuel , Lotfian Pantea
Published: March 2023

Health and wellbeing and susceptibility to disease are causally linked to food and nutrition intake, an observation that has informed dietary advice for centuries. However, physiological response to different food types varies greatly by individual, meaning that a “one size fits all” approach to nutritional advice may be inadequate to ensure optimum health outcomes. Personalised nutrition (PN) services, operating at the intersection between health advisory, the wellness sector, and the food system, seek to address this through individualised targeted dietary advice focused on achieving lasting dietary behaviour change that is beneficial for health. In this report we specifically analyse the evolution of personalised nutrition defined as nutritional advice based on personalised analysis of scientific data obtained from the customers’ phenotype and the scientific knowledge base underpinning such advice. We will touch on technologies that enable the personalisation of food more generally only insofar as they might impact PN in the future through wider network effects within the food system. Personalised nutrition as a clinical and academic field of study has existed for at least four decades, however recent investor interest and cheaper direct-to-consumer (D2C) testing devices have enabled a growing commercial PN sector that has evolved over the past ten years. Commercial PN services provide mostly advice, which is claimed to be based on the latest scientific evidence showing the causal connections between certain individual phenotypic traits (genes, lifestyle factors, gut microbe, blood parameters, age, sex, etc.) and the physiological response to food. In addition to advice, providers increasingly offer personalised supplements and vitamins (which are within the FSA remit) as well as personalised, tailored subscription meal plans. The sector in the UK is currently still small but represented by a number of different business models serving increasing consumer interest in health-related offerings. Moreover, there are hopes that commercial PN might, in the longer-term future, contribute to public health. In this report we have analysed the specific input trends that have enabled the emergence of the sector with the drivers and challenges that are shaping its evolution today. This analysis included a thorough assessment of the science that underpins PN services, the role of technology trends and commercial activity including an overview of the current global and UK markets, wider social trends that impact consumer uptake of PN, and the existing regulatory environment that surrounds PN, a currently unregulated commercial activity. The potential impact on public health, food safety and consumer choice as the industry develops over the coming decade were also assessed.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ РАСЧЕТОВ
ОСТОЙЧИВОСТИ И НЕПОТОПЛЯЕМОСТИ КАТАМАРАНА В ПРОГРАММНОМ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ «ДИАЛОГ-СТАТИК»
Authors: Князева А.И. , Романюта Д.А. , Чуреев Е.А. , Ариенчук А.С.
Published: March 2023

В статье авторами рассмотрен вопрос о возможности выполнения расчетов остойчивости и непотопляемости катамарана на основе использования программного обеспечения «Диалог-Статик». Показаны особенности задания корпуса судна в программном обеспечении. Выполнены расчеты кривых элементов теоретического чертежа, посадки и начальной остойчивости, остойчивости на больших углах крена и непотопляемости. Расчеты в «Диалог-Статик»

сопровождались расчетами в программном обеспечении Maxsurf. Результаты расчетов показали, что большая часть данных, полученных с помощью «Диалог-Статик», соответствует аналогичным данным, полученным с использованием Maxsurf. Выделены характеристики, для

которых результаты, полученные с помощью «Диалог-Статик», отличаются от результатов

расчетов в Maxsurf на 5–29 %.
Professores de canto e fonoaudiólogos: conhecimento interdisciplinar na atuação com cantores
Authors: Colepicolo Carla Rosati , Ferreira Léslie Piccolotto
Published: March 2023

Com o objetivo de analisar a atuação conjunta de professores de canto e fonoaudiólogos com cantores, cinco professores de canto e cinco fonoaudiólogos responderam perguntas semi-dirigidas, áudio-gravadas e transcritas. Concluiu-se que professores de canto e fonoaudiólogos estabelecem entre si diferentes e peculiares relações de atuação: contato, trocas de conhecimento, encaminhamentos, apoio, reconhecimento, atuação conjunta e atuação interdisciplinar. A pesquisa envolve: diversas áreas e profissionais e variadas fontes de conhecimentos, terminologias, objetivos, comunicação, interesses, formação, concepções, reconhecimento de teorias, práticas, técnicas, produções e especialistas que fazem uso desses recursos para o bem-estar e ajustes vocais e demais demandas dos cantores.
Delmiro Gouveia, a escola e o ensino obrigatório de música
Authors: Alves Franciele Gomes , Voss Lilian Kelly de Almeida Figueiredo , Garrido Marcel Silva
Published: March 2023

O estudo tem como objetivo investigar a realidade da educação musical e do ensino obrigatório de música no contexto escolar da educação básica estadual de Alagoas, com foco no município de Delmiro Gouveia. Utiliza-se como procedimento a pesquisa bibliográfica com base nos trabalhos de Fonterrada (2008), Esperidião (2012), Penna (2008), entre outros. Salienta-se que cursar música na educação básica é um direito legal de todo aluno, porém é historicamente negligenciado por diversas justificativas que vão desde a falta de conhecimentos específicos em função da formação docente até falta de recursos específicos. Apresenta-se ainda o projeto Coral Pedagógico: Educação Musical e sua relevância para a educação musical no âmbito estadual alagoano.
Antimicrobial Activities of Medicinal Plant on the Oral Diseases
Authors:   Hilla University College, Dentistry Department, Babylon, Iraq, Sarhan Abdulridha Taha , Abdulabbas Montadher Alaa ,   Hilla University College, Dentistry Department, Babylon, Iraq, Al-Hussein Qasim Abd ,   Hilla University College, Dentistry Department, Babylon, Iraq, Huda Zahraa ,   Hilla University College, Dentistry Department, Babylon, Iraq, Mohammed Adnan ,   Hilla University College, Dentistry Department, Babylon, Iraq
Published: March 2023

Herbal therapy has long been used to treat and control human diseases including mouth diseases and disorders. Also, it can minimize the potential side effects of chemical drugs. However, may be a side effects appear from plants or herbs therapy. Most of the challenges with herbal therapy revolves around inadequate information about the effect of herbs in the mouth, the mechanism of action, and potential side effects. There are several herbs and plants described in this paper that have anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-disorders and anti-inflammatory in oral cavity. It includes 31 medicinal plants and herbs: Alakata pepper, Aloe vera, Airy shaw, Banana plant, Bird eye view, Bitter leaves, Bush pepper, Camelina, Cashew nut, Castor, Cinnamon, Clove, Common coleus, Common wire weed, Cypress, Fennel, Garcinia, Garden eggplant, Garlic, Ginger, Holy basil, Maca, Mint, Mexican tea, Neem, Okra, Onion, Orange fruits, Purple coneflower, Sunset shrub and Turmeric that act as alternative management option to current treatments for oral conditions such as caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, oral ulcers. In addition to, inflammation treatment after extraction, reduction dry mouth, pain, anesthesia, ill-fitting dentures. The current review of literature provides a summary of secondary metabolites most commonly used medicinal herbs and plants in maintaining oral health. They can be used in different forms such as mouthwashes, toothpastes, topical agents or local drug delivery devices. These findings show the role of antioxidant secondary metabolites in inhibiting the growth of oral pathogens and reducing oral diseases and mouth disorders.
Efeitos do Adensamento Construtivo Sobre Microclimas Urbanos
Authors: Machado dos Santos Mônica , Fachinello Krebs Lisandra , Holz Ribak Raischa , Couto Polidori Maurício
Published: March 2023

Tradicionalmente, o aumento do adensamento construtivo em cidades brasileiras ocorre sem a devida atenção aos efeitos sobre os microclimas, o que potencializa a criação de espaços abertos termicamente desconfortáveis. Esse estudo analisou os efeitos do aumento da densidade construída para o conforto térmico de pedestres em Bagé-RS, cidade de médio porte de clima subtropical úmido com verões quentes. A metodologia é quali-quantitativa com estudo de caso e simulação computacional dos microclimas em um recorte urbano central no período atual (cenário 1) e em um prognóstico de adensamento para 2060 (cenário 2). As análises foram feitas para os extremos de verão e de inverno. A análise de insolação e sombreamentos demonstrou que o cenário 2 reduz o tempo de insolação das calçadas ao longo do dia, o que diminui a TRM, desfavorável ao conforto no inverno e benéfico no verão. Os resultados demonstraram que o aumento do adensamento construtivo limitado a edificações com três pavimentos no período mais quente do dia (às 14:00h) altera minimamente o microclima na quadra analisada, sem alterações significativas nos fluxos de ventos.
Processos de transformação da paisagem e formas socioespaciais no Leste Metropolitano do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Pereira Rafael Carvalho Drumond , Da Silva Couto Matheus José , Tângari Vera Regina
Published: March 2023

Este trabalho busca identificar os processos de transformação da morfologia da paisagem e as formas socioespaciais nos municípios que compõem a Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, em especial no Leste Metropolitano. Esses processos, também estudados pela Rede Nacional de Pesquisa QUAPASEL para mais de 40 municípios no Brasil, são analisados em termos metodológicos em duas vertentes: revisões bibliográficas; realização e interpretação dos mapeamentos dos tecidos urbanos e rurais e dos sistemas de espaços livres públicos e privados. Esse processo possibilita a aplicação de conceitos e processos estudados na literatura relacionada aos temas e objetos de estudo. Os mapeamentos são baseados na experiência adquirida pelo Grupo SEL-RJ em mapeamentos precedentes em ambiente SIG. Nesse sentido, a aplicação de classes e subclasses de mapeamento, com categorias pré-estabelecidas para análise da cobertura da superfície de solo dos territórios analisados, permite extrair os dados sobre as características de tecidos assim como sobre a distribuição e qualificação dos espaços livres de edificação ou urbanização. Cabe destacar que as ferramentas de geoprocessamento utilizadas constituem importantes ferramentas para o planejamento de políticas públicas de âmbito urbano e ambiental. Com esse artigo buscamos destacar os possíveis desdobramentos frente ao significativo arcabouço observado.
The Outcomes of Caudal or Intravenous Addition of Morphine and Clonidine into The Caudal Block Performed with Levobupivacaine In Children; A Retrospective Study
Authors: YAŞAR Eylem , TÜTÜNCÜ Çiğdem , KAYA Güner
Published: March 2023

Ineffective post-operative pain management in children may be associated with chronic pain. 98 pediatric patients aged 6 months to 12 years who underwent caudal levobupivacaine for hypospadias surgery were evaluated retrospectively. The patients who received additional intravenous clonidine were added in group 1; the patients who received additional intravenous morphine were added in group 2, patients who received additional caudal clonidine was added in group 3, and patients who received additional caudal morphine was added in group 4. CHEOPS score was assessed 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours after the operation and patients with score 6 or higher were determined. At the 1st hour, there were 8 cases in the intravenous morphine group (40%), 5cases in the intravenous clonidine group (25%), and 3 cases in the caudal morphine group (15%). At the 12th hour, there were 5 cases in the intravenous morphine group (25%), 10 cases in the intravenous clonidine group (50%), and 4 cases in the caudal morphine group (20%). At the 24th hour, there were 10 cases in the intravenous morphine group (50%), 10 cases in the intravenous clonidine group (50%), 9 cases in the caudal morphine group (45%) and 2 cases in the caudal clonidine group (10%) (p<0.05). There was no difference between the groups in terms of sedation scores at all hours (p>0.05). The lowest pain scores at the 1st, 12th, and 24th hours were recorded in the caudal clonidine group. It had the lowest pain scores at 6 hours. By these methods, in favor of the clonidine group, we agreed that the analgesia lasts for approximately 12 hours postoperatively, so the postoperative stress that the children and their families have can be minimized.
The Relationship between IL-1β [-31 T/C] Gene Polymorphism and Symptomatic Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: ÇITIŞLI Veli , KOSELER Aylin
Published: March 2023

In this study, the relationship between IL-1β [-31 C / T] gene polymorphisms in the herniated lumbar disc is offered to be investigated. IL-1β [-31 C / T] gene was amplified by the PCR [Polymerase Chain Reaction] method. Polymorphic site cut with the restriction enzyme Alu I and genotyping were performed. Fifteen subjects (15%) were homozygous for the C/C allele at -31 position of IL-1β gene. Of the remaining 85 subjects, 64 (64%) were heterozygous for C/T and 21 (21%) were homozygous for T/T. In LDH group, fifteen subjects (30%) were homozygous for the T/T allele at -31 position of IL-1β gene. 35 subjects were heterozygous for C/T (70%). There were significant differences between control and LDH group. In LDH group, C/T and T/T genotype were higher than the control group, however in control group C / C genotype was higher. C/C genotype was not determined in LDH group. In this study, IL-1β -31T allele is shown to be associated with the Lumbar herniated disc.
CBDCs and the More Proactive Roles of International Organizations
Authors: Lee David
Published: March 2023

With the rise of cryptocurrency, along with the downward trend of physical currency usage, which was especiallyaccelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic, many national governments are exploring the idea of implementingcentral bank digital currencies (CBDCs). While CBDCs are like cryptocurrencies in that they are digital, theiroverarching concept is different. They are issued by a country’s central bank or monetary authority undergovernment control, so they are centralized and equal in value to the nation’s fiat currency. This article aims toprovide a succinct summary of what CBDC implementation could mean for nations and their citizens, with a focuson the possible routes in and impacts on developing countries in light of the potential that CBDCs could providethem. Section 1 explores the rise of CBDCs, namely, the recent surge in developing nations’ interest in themworldwide. Section 2 discusses the benefits of CBDCs, partitioning the potential upsides into four majorpoints—greater accessibility, easier domestic and cross-border transactions, cost-efficient management, and moretransparent foreign aid—with a focus on developing countries. Section 3 provides a list of the challengesaccompanying CBDC implementation, such as an exhaustive complex framework, questionable financial stability,and technological infrastructure. Section 4 presents the roles that international organizations, such as the IMF andthe BIS, could play in the entire process writ large, ranging from setting international standards, intervening duringfinancial crises, and providing infrastructural support to incentivizing CBDC adoption. Section 5 concludes thearticle.
In Silico Approach to Predict Indian Pharmacogenomics Variants Based on Analysis of Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) and Expression Quantitative Trait Locus (eQTL)
Authors: Kumar P  , Khanam A  , Satyam S  , Ghime D  , Seth S
Published: March 2023

The drug response can vary based on ethnicity as it arises from differences in genetic makeup among the individuals and is associated with drug action, metabolism and action. The efficacy of drugs can be determined by genetic variation and may also lead to adverse effects. The drug responsive variants (Single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) are obtained from pharmacogenomics studies based on the Indian population. We have used GTEx, Top LD, and LDlink computational tools to predict the LD and eQTL score. Furthermore, the Indian allelic frequency is predicted using the IndiGenome database. A total of 11 SNPs (rs1979277, rs3758149, rs1799853, rs9923231, rs2244500, rs4244285, rs10509681, rs1057910, rs749292, rs4775936 and rs700518) has been predicted to have significant LD and eQTL score to associate with the different drugs across the Indian population. The presented data helps in identification of drug target sites in a more appropriate way in the Indian population. Moreover, our findings highlight the importance of ethnicity based drug response and ultimately reduce and avoid the adverse effect of drugs and ensure effective drugtreatment.
Mesâi-i Lisâniye ve Cenab Şahabeddin
Authors: NURDAN Gülçin Tuğba
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmada İstanbul Darülfunun bünyesinde Mart 1916 tarihinde çıkartılmaya başlanan Darülfunun Edebiyat Mecmuası’nın ilk sayısında Cenab Şahabeddin tarafından yazılan üç buçuk sayfalık “Mesâi-i Lisâniye” başlıklı yazısına odaklanılmıştır. Metnin aslı üç buçuk sayfa olup çalışmanın ekler bölümüne de yerleştirilmiştir. Bu yazı çerçevesinde Cenab Şahabeddin’in ve dönemin dil meseleleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Servet-i Fünun Dönemine bakıldığında lügat eksikliği ve bundan kaynaklı olarak da dilde çokça yabancı kelimeler barındırması oldukça dikkat çeken bir husustur. Cenab Şahabeddin bu yazısında bir dil müessesinin kurulmasının ne kadar elzem olduğu konu üzerinde durur. Bunun için ise dil komitelerinin kurulmasını ve sistemli bir şekilde çalışılmasını öneren Cenab Şahabeddin bu dil meselelerinin eğitim temelli olması gerektiğini de vurgulamaktadır. Sonuç olarak dil meselesinin önemini vurgulayan Cenab Şahabeddin, bu mevzunun her açıdan büyük bir özenle ilgilenilmesi gerektiğinin altını çizer. Makalesinde de bunu başarabilmek için de çeşitli önerilerde bulunmuştur. Bu bağlamda Cenab Şahabeddin’in bu tavrını dönemi için oldukça ilerici bir olarak değerlendirmek mümkündür.
KÜLTÜREL MİRAS EĞİTİMİNDE CİNSİYET ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ: SPOR LİSELERİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Bademci Fikret , Halaç Hicran Hanım
Published: March 2023

Kültürel miras aktarımının sürdürülebilir olmasında eğitim, tanıtım ve farkındalık arttırma çalışmaları rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmaların özellikle genç bireylere yönelik yapılması gerekmektedir. Gençlerin gelecekte topluma yön verecek ve kendilerinden sonraki gelecek nesle model olacakları unutulmamalıdır. Bu bağlamda toplum içerisinde ön planda olan kişilerin kültürel miras farkındalık düzeylerinin yüksek olması toplumun farkındalığının yükselmesini sağlayacaktır. Günümüzde sporcuların toplum tarafından model alındığı göz önüne alındığında genç sporcuların kültürel mirasları tanımaları ve aktarımında rol almaları önemlidir.
Çalışmanın amacı spor lisesi öğrencilerinin kültürel miras farkındalık düzeylerini arttırmak ve bu tür çalışmalarda cinsiyet etkisini incelemektir. Çalışmanın kapsamını Türkiye’deki Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı resmi spor liselerinin öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmaya Türkiye’nin 7 coğrafi bölgesinden eşit sayıda olmak üzere toplam 210 öğrenci katılmıştır. Katılımcıların 105 tanesi erkek, 105 tanesi kız öğrencidir. Çalışmada ön test – son test deneysel desen tercih edilmiştir. Testler arasında katılımcılara sosyal medya üzerinden paylaşılan infografiklerle müdahale edilmiştir. Testlerden gelen veriler IBM SPSS STATISTICS 22 adlı programa aktarılarak frekans değerleri incelenmiş ve bağımsız örneklem t testi uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak uygulamanın her iki cinsiyetteki katılımcıların farkındalık düzeylerini arttırdığı ve cinsiyetin katılımcıların farkındalıklarının artması üzerinden istatistiki bakımdan anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği görülmüştür.
Dijital Arkeoloji Uygulamaları: Ayanis Örneği
Authors: KÖSE Sefa
Published: March 2023

Anadolu toprakları geçmişten günümüze değin sayısız medeniyete ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Yapılan bu ev sahipliği sayesinde Anadolu coğrafyasının her noktasında medeniyetlerin çeşitliliklerden doğan zengin tarihi, kültürel, mimari ve arkeolojik eserlere sahip olmamıza olanak sağlamıştır. Medeniyetlerden arda kalan tüm eserler ülkemizin tarihi çevresini oluşturmaktadır. Bu tarihi değerler en iyi şekilde korunmalı ve gelecek nesillere mümkün olan en sağlam şekilde aktarılmalıdır. Sanal gerçeklik teknolojisi ile bu yapılar mevcut durumunda korunurken, ziyaretçiler bilgisayar ortamında yapının orijinal halini yaşayabilmektedirler. Arkeolojik yerleşimlerde bu yönde dünya çapında birçok çalışma olmasına rağmen ülkemizde daha az örneğe sahiptir. Bu çalışma kapsamında Urartu Krallığının ana hâkimiyet bölgesinde yer alan Ayanis Kale/Kenti 3 boyutlu olarak yeniden yapılandırıldı. Bu yöntem ile günümüzde var olmayan ve asla var olmayacak veya ulaşılması zor olan bu yapıları, uygarlığın kültürünü yansıtan gerçekçi ortamlarda, mimari dokusuyla sanki o yılda yaşıyormuş gibi deneyimleme imkânı sunmaktayız.
Yönetişim, İnovasyon ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkiler: Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülke Örnekleri
Authors: İmamoğlu İlyas Kays , Özdemir Dilek
Published: March 2023

Ülkeler arası gelir farklılıkları iktisat biliminin temel inceleme alanına girmektedir. Ülkeler arasındaki bu farklılıkları yönlendiren unsurların ele alınması ülkelerin ekonomik yönden büyüyebilmesi ve kalkınabilmesi için anahtar faktörlerin belirlenmesi sürdürülebilir büyümenin tesis edilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu nedenle çalışmada, gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan üst orta ve alt orta gelirli ülkelerde 2006-2017 dönemi için yönetişim, inovasyon ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Çalışmada ele alınan değişkenler arasındaki ilişki panel veri varsayımlarındaki sapmalara karşı dirençli bir tahminci olan Driscoll-Kraay tahmincisiyle test edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; her üç ülke grubunda yönetişim ile büyüme arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki, inovasyon ile büyüme arasında ise yalnızca gelişmekte olan üst orta gelirli ülkelerde pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan alt orta gelirli ülkelerde ise inovasyon ve büyüme arasında herhangi bir anlamlı ilişki tespit edilememiştir. Ayrıca yönetişim ve inovasyon ve büyüme ilişkisindeki aracılık etkisinin test edildiği araştırma modelinde ise her üç ülke grubunda da yönetişim ve inovasyonun büyüme üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF FAVIPIRAVIR TREATMENT ON MORTALITY IN COVID-19 PATIENTS: EARLY PANDEMIC EXPERIENCE
Authors: Safiye Bilge Guclu Kayta , Alkan Sevil , Doğan Ebru , Kartal Hakan , Şener Alper
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The superiority of favipiravir which is one of the agents
used in the treatment of COVID-19, over other treatments is still
controversial. With this study, we aimed to show whether there is a
difference between the initial or subsequent addition of the drug to
the treatment on the treatment success and 28-day mortality in
hospitalized patients receiving favipiravir, and to contribute to the
literature on this subject.
Material and method: PCR-positive patients who were hospitalized
in our hospital with the diagnosis of COVID-19 between June 1 and
July 1, 2020 were included in the study. The data of the patients
were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into 3
groups: those who started treatment with favipiravir, those who added
favipiravir to the treatment regimen because there was no response
to the first-line treatment, and those who did not receive favipiravir.
Results: A total of 662 patients, mean age of 58.38±18.86 years and
59.4% male were included in the study. Mortality developed in 74
people, and the mortality rate was 11.17%. More than 50% involvement
was detected in thorax CT in 69% of hospitalized COVID-19 PCR
positive patients. The mean age of those who added favipiravir to the
treatment was 66.95±15.88 years, which was statistically significantly
higher than the group that was not added. Those who received
favipiravir from baseline had higher viral clearance rates. In our study,
it was found that 17.9% of those who received it from the beginning
and 34.0% of those who were added later developed mortality on the
28th day, and there was a statistically significant difference between
these groups.
Conclusion: Those who received favipiravir from baseline had higher
viral clearance rates and lower mortality. It can be concluded that late
initiation of favipiravir treatment increases mortality.
DETERMINING THE STRESS AND ANXIETY LEVELS OF MOTHERS WITH INFANTS IN THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Şayık Dilek , Mumcu Özlem , Açıkgöz Ayfer
Published: March 2023

Objective: The hospitalization of a newborn for any reason and the
separation of mother and infant can be a source of stress during the
Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to determine the stress
and anxiety levels of mothers with babies in the neonatal intensive
care unit (NICU) during the pandemic.
Methods: This descriptive study was carried out with 105 mothers
whose babies were hospitalized in the NICU of a hospital in Eskisehir
province in Turkey between May 14 and June 14, 2020.
Results: Participants ranged in age from 18 to 42 years old, with
an average age of 29.63±5.78. It was determined that 54.3% of the
infants (n=57) were admitted to the NICU immediately after birth
and remained in the NICU for an average of 7.61±15.18 days. It
was found that mothers experienced moderate stress (PSS: NICU
score 3.48±0.99) and anxiety (PSAS score 82.07±21.41) during
the pandemic. A significant positive relationship was found between
PSAS and PSS: NICU (p=.003; r=0.290).
Conclusions: It was concluded that in order to reduce levels of stress
and anxiety, mothers with babies in the NICU during the pandemic
period should increase the time they spend with their baby, and both
doctors and nurses should provide mothers with information about the
infant’s condition.
Impactos econômicos da saúde para populações vulneráveis: uma visão panorâmica
Authors: Sperancini José Henrique Bassi Souza
Published: March 2023

https://doi.org/
Prevalence of Anxiety Related Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms Among Medical Students of Rawalpindi
Authors: Hisam Aliya , Mashhadi Syed Fawad , Ashfaq Maryam , Javed Hajra , Ahmed Haseeb , Waqas Muhammad , Amtal Tooba
Published: March 2023

Objective: The aim of the study was to find prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), compare its prevalence among male and female students and find association of IBS with anxiety among medical students of Rawalpindi.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: It was conducted among the Medical Students of Army Medical College and Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar to May 2021.
Methodology: A structured, self-administered questionnaire was distributed after obtaining consent. Systematic Random Sampling was done. Sample size was 363. Questionnaire consisted of two parts; IBS Questionnaire for healthcare professionals and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS 26.
Results: All the questionnaires were inquired from the age group of 15 to 30 years. A total of 243 responses were collected from females and 120 from males. Analysis of the data revealed that 84 out of 363 respondents (23.1%) had probable IBS. There was a preponderance of females with IBS (26.7%) over males (15.8%). There was significant association of IBS with Gender. Out of 243 females, 37 had severe anxiety, 46 had moderate anxiety, 96 had mild anxiety and 64 had no anxiety. Six males had severe anxiety, 20 had moderate anxiety, 29 had mild anxiety and 65 had no anxiety. Overall prevalence of severe anxiety was 11.845%. 20.2% individuals with probable IBS had severe anxiety. Data analysis revealed (p<0.05) implying that the association of IBS with anxiety is highly significant.
Conclusions: The overall prevalence of Probable IBS was found to be 23.1%. A significant association was found between IBS and gender as well as IBS and anxiety levels. The problem can be addressed by managing the stress levels among medical students.
Comparison of the Functional Outcomes of Close Reduction Percutaneous Pinning Versus Open Reduction Internal Fixation with Pinningin Children with Gartland Type III Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus
Authors: Ali Pervez , Khan Kashif Mehmood , Khoso Riaz Elahi , Soomro Shazia , Kumar Ranjeet , . Annam
Published: March 2023

Objective: To compare the functional outcomes of close reduction percutaneous pinning versus open reduction internal fixation with pinning in children with Gartland type-III supracondylar fracture of the humerus.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study

Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi Pakistan,from Sep 2019 to Aug 2020.

Methodology: A total of 98 patients aged of 2 to 15 years, of either gender, with Gartland type III supracondylar fracture were included in the study. By blocked randomization, patients were randomly assigned into two groups (49 each), Group-A (CRPP) and Group-B (ORIF). All of the patients were prospectively followed up after six months, assessed for the functional outcome according to Flynn's criteria, and classified as satisfactory and unsatisfactory based on functional and cosmetic factors.

Results: The mean age in our study population was 8.2±3.4 years and 7.1±2.3 years in ORIF and CRPP Groups, respectively.The right arm was shown to be more commonly involved than the left arm in our population demographics, and RTA was determined to be the most frequent cause of supracondylar fractures. Functional outcomes were satisfactory for 68 individuals (69.4%), out of which 40(40.8%) belonged to the ORIF Group, and 28(28.6%) belonged to the CRPP Group, respectively.

Conclusion: It is to be concluded that a significant difference was noted in terms of satisfactory outcomes between CRPP versus ORIF in the treatment of supracondylar fracture of humerus in children and that ORIF can be considered a valid firstline treatment for Type III supracondylar humer........
Comparison of Various Clinical Risk Assessment Tools in Predicting Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients Presenting in Emergency Department with Undifferentiated Cardiac Chest Pain
Authors: Bakhsh Karim , Pervez Tamkeen , Ashraf Muhammad Nadeem , Rizwan Muhammad Hamza , Chaudhary Nayab , Hussain Muhammad Saddam
Published: March 2023

Objective: To compare the “HEART (History, ECG, Age, Risk factors, Troponin), GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events), and TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction)” scores in predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients reporting with undifferentiated cardiac chest pain to the Emergency Department (ED).

Study Design: Cross-sectional validation study

Duration and place of Study: Emergency Department, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Jun 2021.

Methodology: Two hundred and thirty-seven adult patients with atraumatic cardiac-like chest pain and non-diagnostic electrocardiogram (ECG) reporting to the ED were included in the study. HEART, GRACE and TIMI scores were calculated from the data. The number of patients with low risk was identified by each score and compared at a fixed safety level of minimum 95% sensitivity. The potential occurrence of MACE was confirmed using a telephonic follow-up six weeks after the presentation.

Results: At an absolute safety level of minimum 95% sensitivity, the HEART score determined 101 patients as “low-risk” with 1.98% MACE missed. The GRACE score identified 49 “low-risk” patients with 4.08% MACE missed, and the TIMI score identified 66 “low-risk” patients with 3.03% MACE missed.

Conclusion: Among the three scores under comparison, the HEART score performed better than the GRACE and TIMI scores at the same safety level and surpassed them in differentiating between those with MACE and without MACE.