bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the parent‐proxy version of the pediatric Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease quality of life instrument for children aged 0–7 years
Authors: Wu Tong Tong , Finkel Richard S. , Siskind Carly E. , Feely Shawna M. E. , Burns Joshua , Reilly Mary M. , Muntoni Francesco , Milev Evelin , Estilow Timothy , Shy Michael E. , Ramchandren Sindhu ,   Childhood CMT Study Group of the Inherited Neuropathy Consortium
Published: May 2023

Objective

To evaluate the parent‐proxy version of the pediatric Charcot Marie Tooth specific quality of life (pCMT‐QOL) outcome instrument for children aged 7 or younger with CMT. We have previously developed and validated the direct‐report pCMT‐QOL for children aged 8–18 years and a parent proxy version of the instrument for children 8–18 years old. There is currently no CMT‐QOL outcome measure for children aged 0–7 years old.

Methods

Testing was conducted in parents or caregivers of children aged 0–7 years old with CMT evaluated at participating INC sites from the USA, United Kingdom, and Australia. The development of the instrument was iterative, involving identification of relevant domains, item pool generation, prospective pilot testing and clinical assessments, structured focus group interviews, and psychometric testing. The parent‐proxy instrument was validated rigorously by examining previously identified domains and undergoing psychometric tests for children aged 0–7.

Results

The parent‐proxy pCMT‐QOL working versions were administered to 128 parents/caregivers of children aged 0–7 years old between 2010 and 2016. The resulting data underwent rigorous psychometric analysis, including factor analysis, internal consistency, and convergent validity, and longitudinal analysis to develop the final parent‐proxy version of the pCMT‐QOL outcome measure for children aged 0–7 years old.

Conclusions

The parent‐proxy version of the pCMT‐QOL outcome measure, known as the pCMT‐QOL (0–7 years parent‐proxy) is a valid and sensitive proxy measure of health‐related QOL for children aged 0–7 years with CMT.
Isolation, in vitro culture, and characterization of black crappie, Pomoxis nigromaculatus and white crappie, P. annularis ovarian tissue primary cells
Authors: Bhattarai Sujan , Jones Jacob H. , Renukdas Nilima N. , Kelly Anita M. , Perera Dayan A.
Published: May 2023

Investigations were conducted to develop a general protocol for the isolation and in vitro culture of ovary‐derived cells from black crappie, Pomoxis nigromaculatus, and white crappie, P. annularis. Five digestive enzymes: 500 U/mL collagenase type I, 500 U/mL collagenase type IV, 0.05% trypsin‐EDTA, 0.25% trypsin‐EDTA, and 1X TrypLE™ Express were evaluated for live cell isolation. The isolated cells were cultured in 10 or 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in L‐15 growth media. In addition, four incubation temperatures (15°C, 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C) were also evaluated. The number of live cells obtained from the 0.25% trypsin and TrypLE™ Express treatments was significantly higher than other treatments. No difference in cell growth was observed between the two FBS treatments. Cells isolated using TrypLE™ Express and 0.25% trypsin reached 80% to 90% confluency in 12.5 cm2 cell culture flasks within 5 days of inoculation at 20 and 25°C. At 15°C, 10 days were required to reach 80%–90% confluency. Morphologically, cells incubated at 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C appeared healthier than cells incubated at 30°C, where irregular cell shape and substrate detachment were observed. We concluded TrypLE™ Express and 0.25% trypsin were optimal for cell dissociation and isolation of crappie ovarian cells. An incubation temperature of 20°C–25°C was favorable for cell culture in L‐15 media supplemented with either 10% or 20% FBS.
Agrarian extractivism: Addressing actors and their agency at the national level
Authors: Giacalone Rita
Published: May 2023

The literature on the transformation of Latin American agrarian productive and trade patterns (1990s to 2010s) tends to overemphasize traits of the agrarian extractivism concept, such as intensive mono‐production for exportation, sectoral disarticulation, concentration of benefits and power outside the producing nation, and degradation of environmental and labor conditions. At the same time, an analysis of the experiences of the Argentine and Brazilian soy chains shows that they include characteristics that the literature does not usually incorporate. After reviewing the literature and two case studies, we discuss the need to incorporate the agency of national state and nonstate actors into the analysis of agrarian extractivism. We argue that addressing this level and these actors' agency is necessary to understand the potential link between agrarian extractivism and economic development in Latin America. Empirical research relies on publications based on fieldwork and statistics. This article theorizes that agrarian systems are made up of chains whose links specialize in different distinct functions, and their actors' economic behavior is determined by their decision‐making (agency) capacity and rational choice. Power in chains is relational and mutates over time and according to changes in context, so this configuration opens the possibility of fostering economic development options through national actors and justifies their inclusion in the analysis of agrarian extractivism.
Doing the ‘write’ thing: handwriting and typing support in secondary schools in England
Authors: Sumner Emma , Nightingale Ruth , Gurney Karen , Prunty Mellissa , Barnett Anna L.
Published: May 2023

Students must be able to produce legible and fluent text when completing classwork and for exam purposes. Some students, however, present with handwriting difficulties in secondary school. When these are significant, intervention may be necessary or alternatives to handwriting may be offered (e.g. use of a word processor). Little is known about current practice of supporting secondary students with handwriting difficulties in England and how recommendations are made to transition to typing. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 13 practitioners with a responsibility for supporting students with handwriting difficulties. Two themes were identified. The first theme, ‘doing the right thing’, illustrated the tension between practitioners' commitment to supporting students with handwriting difficulties and their uncertainty around what is the ‘right’ approach. The second theme, ‘influencing practice’, described the contextual factors (student and family, school environment and national context) that impact on practitioners' practice and their decision to transition from handwriting to typing. Findings highlight the complexities of supporting this group of students and an urgent need for guidance at a national level to assist best practice. Implications for practice are discussed. Further research examining the effectiveness of handwriting interventions with secondary students and the optimum time to start typing is warranted.
The log‐moment formula for implied volatility
Authors: Raval Vimal , Jacquier Antoine
Published: May 2023

We revisit the foundational Moment Formula proved by Roger Lee fifteen years ago. We show that in the absence of arbitrage, if the underlying stock price at time T admits finite log‐moments for some positive q, the arbitrage‐free growth in the left wing of the implied volatility smile for T is less constrained than Lee's bound. The result is rationalized by a market trading discretely monitored variance swaps wherein the payoff is a function of squared log‐returns, and requires no assumption for the underlying price to admit any negative moment. In this respect, the result can be derived from a model‐independent setup. As a byproduct, we relax the moment assumptions on the stock price to provide a new proof of the notorious Gatheral–Fukasawa formula expressing variance swaps in terms of the implied volatility.
Comparative population genetics of congeneric limpets across a biogeographic transition zone reveals common patterns of genetic structure and demographic history
Authors: Peluso Lívia , Broitman Bernardo R. , Lardies Marco A. , Nespolo Roberto F. , Saenz‐Agudelo Pablo
Published: May 2023

The distribution of genetic diversity is often heterogeneous in space, and it usually correlates with environmental transitions or historical processes that affect demography. The coast of Chile encompasses two biogeographic provinces and spans a broad environmental gradient together with oceanographic processes linked to coastal topography that can affect species' genetic diversity. Here, we evaluated the genetic connectivity and historical demography of four Scurria limpets, S. scurra, S. variabilis, S. ceciliana and S. araucana, between ca. 19° S and 53° S in the Chilean coast using genome‐wide SNPs markers. Genetic structure varied among species which was evidenced by species‐specific breaks together with two shared breaks. One of the shared breaks was located at 22–25° S and was observed in S. araucana and S. variabilis, while the second break around 31–34° S was shared by three Scurria species. Interestingly, the identified genetic breaks are also shared with other low‐disperser invertebrates. Demographic histories show bottlenecks in S. scurra and S. araucana populations and recent population expansion in all species. The shared genetic breaks can be linked to oceanographic features acting as soft barriers to dispersal and also to historical climate, evidencing the utility of comparing multiple and sympatric species to understand the influence of a particular seascape on genetic diversity.
Experiences of maintaining awake prone positioning in non‐intubated patients with COVID‐19: A qualitative study
Authors: Zhang Yan , Chen Yuhong , Shen Xiao , Feng Ping , Zhang Hao
Published: May 2023

Background

Patient compliance is crucial to maintaining the awake prone position, which has been found to be intolerable by several patients. Addressing patients’ compliance while being treated with awake prone positioning and prolonging its duration may be prerequisites for further research.

Aim

This study was conducted to explore the personal experiences of non‐intubated patients during the implementation of awake prone positioning.

Study Design

We conducted a qualitative study recruiting a purposive sample of twelve adult patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 who were previously treated with awake prone positioning. They were recruited from an intermediate care unit (that provides pre‐ and post‐intensive care) in a COVID‐19‐designated hospital in Nanjing, China from July 15, 2021, to September 20, 2021. Data were collected through individual in‐depth interviews and then analysed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method.

Results

Content analysis of the interviews revealed two main themes, each containing three and four sub‐themes, respectively, as follows: (1) barriers to the implementation of awake prone positioning, including (i) generalised discomfort, (ii) a lack of both understanding and trust, and (iii) low satisfaction with the implementation plan; (2) factors promoting the implementation of awake prone positioning, including (i) health education and supervision, (ii) self‐motivation and support from healthcare staff and family members, (iii) finding a comfortable position and having access to entertainment, and (iv) symptom improvement.

Conclusions

Healthcare staff should clarify the mechanism underlying the effectiveness of the awake prone position to patients to eliminate any doubts that they may have. Psychological support and appropriate supervision should be emphasised. Pain relief programmes should also be established, including the use of a comfortable prone posture in conjunction with access to entertainment. Finally, individualised awake prone positioning protocols should be formulated according to patients' living habits and attempted in combination with out‐of‐bed activities. These measures may help to enhance the experience and compliance of patients undergoing the treatment.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

For future instances involving the implementation of awake prone positioning, several measures should be established and implemented alongside it, including a health education programme, supervision programme, support system, and pain relief programme. Personalisation should also be considered during its implementation. These measures may help to enhance the compliance of patients and prolong the duration of the awake prone position.
Toward a better understanding of angiosperm xylogenesis: a new method for a cellular approach
Authors: Noyer Estelle , Stojanović Marko , Horáček Petr , Pérez‐de‐Lis Gonzalo
Published: May 2023

The kinetics of wood formation in angiosperms are largely unknown because their complex xylem anatomy precludes using the radial position of vessels and fibers to infer their time of differentiation.

We analyzed xylogenesis in ring‐porous ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) and diffuse‐porous beech (Fagus sylvatica) over 1 yr and proposed a novel procedure to assess the period of vessel and fiber enlargement using a referential radial file (RRF).

Our approach captured the dynamics of wood formation and provided a robust estimation of the kinetics of vessel and fiber enlargement. In beech, fibers and vessels had a similar duration of enlargement, decreasing from 14 to 5 d between April and July. In ash, wide vessels formed in April enlarged at a rate of 27 × 103 μm2 d−1, requiring half the time of contemporary fibers (6 vs 12 d), and less time than the narrower vessels (14 d) formed in May.

These findings reveal distinct cell‐type‐dependent mechanisms for differentiation in diffuse‐porous and ring‐porous trees, enhancing our understanding of angiosperm wood cell kinetics. Our approach presents an effective method for investigating angiosperm wood formation and provides a more accurate representation of vessel and fiber morphogenesis in wood formation models.
Molecular characterization of Trichoderma spp. isolates in mushroom‐growing farms in Turkey and their effects on Agaricus bisporus production
Authors: Turgay Güneş , Eren Erkan , Eltem Rengin , Çakır Deniz , Aydemir Birsen Çakır
Published: May 2023

Mushroom production is highly affected by green mould disease, which causes severe losses worldwide. This study aimed to characterize Trichoderma spp. isolates collected from Agaricus bisporus‐ and Pleurotus ostreatus‐growing facilities based on their molecular features and evaluate their aggressiveness in mushroom production in vitro and in vivo. Fifty‐six Trichoderma isolates from mushroom farms in Aegean and Marmara regions were analysed for molecular characteristics. In a phylogenetic tree constructed based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and tef1 sequences, they were classified into five groups, which included Trichoderma spp. such as T. aggressivum, T. europaeum, T. pleuroticola, T. virens, T. harzianum and T. afroharzianum. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that tef1 sequences could distinguish between T. aggressivum f. aggressivum and T. aggressivum f. europaeum more specifically. Consequently, tef1 sequence variation identified 15 T. aggressivum f. europaeum isolates compared with ITS sequence variation. In vitro conditions based on the dual‐culture tests of the mycelial growth of A. bisporus showed growth inhibition between 50% and 75% depending on the isolates. Two Trichoderma isolates with different ITS and tef1 sequences (3/9 and 7/5 isolates, respectively) and more lytic and mycoparasitic activities were analysed further to determine their effects on yield and mushroom quality parameters. Therefore, T. aggressivum f. aggressivum is not the only species that affects mushroom production, and T. aggressivum f. aggressivum and T. aggressivum f. europaeum isolates significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited A. bisporus growth in vitro and in vivo.
Silencing SlPP2C expression delayed plant senescence and fruit ripening in tomato
Authors: Jiang Yun , Shi Zihang , Liu Wei , Qi Mingfang , Xu Tao , Wu Yuanhua , Li Tianlai
Published: May 2023

Type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) play key roles in regulating plant senescence and ripening. Here, we discovered a subfamily F PP2C, SlPP2C, associated with leaf senescence through transcriptome analysis. The gene expression, protein accumulation, and promoter activity of SlPP2C all gradually increased along with the progression of leaf and flower senescence and fruit ripening in tomato. Also, the expression of SlPP2C was highly up‐regulated by the senescent‐inducible hormone treatments, showing more sensitivity to ethylene (ETH) and abscisic acid (ABA). Meanwhile, SlPP2C RNA interference (RNAi) tomato transgenic lines showed obvious delayed senescence and ripening phenotypes of leaves, flowers, and fruits. SlPP2C RNAi lines delayed leaf senescence with higher chlorophyll fluorescence and content, and lower expressions of senescence marker genes (SlSGR1 and SlSAG12) compared to WT. SlPP2C RNAi lines clearly delayed flower senescence time; it was at least twice longer than WT. SlPP2C RNAi lines delayed fruit ripening, exhibiting higher firmness and lower polygalacturonase activity compared to WT. In addition, we proved that SlPP2C is unable to interact with any of the ABA receptors (SlPYLs). Together, the results demonstrate that SlPP2C is a senescence‐related and ripening‐related gene.
Reappraisal is less effective than distraction in downregulation of neural responses to physical threats—Anevent‐related potentialinvestigation
Authors: Adamczyk Agnieszka K. , Wyczesany Miroslaw , Roelofs Karin , van Peer Jacobien M.
Published: May 2023

Evolutionary threats (ETs), such as predatory animals and heights, elicit stronger fear responses and are more often the subject of specific phobias, as compared to modern threats (MTs, such as guns and motorcycles). Since processing of ET depends on lower‐order, phylogenetically conserved neural fear circuits, it may be less susceptible to higher‐order (vs. simpler) cognitive emotion regulation. Given the relevance for treatment of specific phobias, we tested this hypothesis in an ERP study. Sixty‐one female participants passively watched high‐ and low‐threat pictures of evolutionary (snakes, lizards) and modern (guns, water‐guns) origin, and downregulated responses to the high‐threat pictures (snakes and guns) using either cognitive reappraisal or a simpler cognitive distraction strategy. ET elicited stronger early (EPN) and sustained (LPP) attention processing compared to MT. Both strategies successfully downregulated subjective and LPP (but not EPN) responses compared to passive watching. Although reappraisal was more effective subjectively, distraction downregulated the LPPearlierandstrongerthan reappraisal, irrespective of the threat type. These findings provide novel evidence that neural responses to physical threat might be less susceptible to cognitive emotion regulation via higher‐order (reappraisal) versus simpler (distraction) strategies, irrespective of the evolutionary or modern relevance of threat. Combining both strategies could be beneficial for the emotion regulation‐enhancing interventions for specific phobias. Distraction could be used during initial exposure, to reduce immediate emotion responding and help endure the contact with the feared stimulus, whereas reappraisal could be used subsequently, when emotions are less intense, to change maladaptive thoughts about the stimulus for future encounters.
Deep‐water sand transfer by hyperpycnal flows, the Eocene of Spitsbergen, Arctic Norway
Authors: Grundvåg Sten‐Andreas , Helland‐Hansen William , Johannessen Erik P. , Eggenhuisen Joris , Pohl Florian , Spychala Yvonne
Published: May 2023

Flood‐generated hyperpycnal flows are dense, sediment‐laden, turbulent flows that can form long‐lived, bottom‐hugging turbidity currents, which undoubtedly transport large volumes of fine‐grained sediments into the ocean. However, their ability in transferring sand into deep‐water basins is debated. This study presents sedimentological evidence of sandy hyperpycnal flow deposits (hyperpycnites) in a series of basin floor lobe complexes associated with a progradational shelf margin in the Eocene of Spitsbergen, Arctic Norway. Four coexisting types of sediment gravity flow deposits are recognized: (i) sandy hyperpycnites deposited by quasi‐steady hyperpycnal flows; (ii) turbidites deposited by waning, surge‐type turbidity currents; (iii) hybrid event beds deposited by transitional flows; and (iv) mass transport deposits emplaced during rare slope failures. The abundance of thick‐bedded massive sandstones, frequent bed amalgamation, the distribution of hyperpycnites across the lobes and the abundance and systematic occurrence of plant‐rich hybrid event beds and associated climbing ripple cross‐laminated beds in the lobe fringes, suggest that hyperpycnal flow was the most important mechanism driving lobe progradation. Shelf‐edge positioned fluvial channels linked to the basin floor lobe complexes via deeply incised, sandstone‐filled slope channels, suggest that rivers fed directly onto the slopes where their dense, sand‐laden discharges readily generated quasi‐steady hyperpycnal flows that regularly reached the basin floor. The composite architecture and complex waxing–waning flow facies configuration of the hyperpycnites is consistent with sustained and concomitant suspension and traction deposition under fluctuating subcritical to supercritical conditions. Similar sandstone beds occur on the clinoform slopes, indicating that the hyperpycnal flows operated likewise on the slope. Plant‐rich hybrid event beds indicate transformation of initially turbulent flows by relative enrichment of clay and plant material via progressive sand deposition to such an extent that it suppressed turbulence. The multi‐faceted character of the hyperpycnites reported here, challenges traditional beliefs that hyperpycnites assumingly preserve the waxing–waning signal of single‐peaked floods.
Ten‐year mortality among older male recreational endurance athletes in the Birkebeiner Aging Study in comparison with older men from the Tromsø Study
Authors: Johansen Kristoffer R. , Ranhoff Anette Hylen , Sørensen Eivind , Nes Bjarne M. , Bucher‐Sandbakk Silvana , Wilsgaard Tom , Løchen Maja‐Lisa , Thelle Dag S. , Morseth Bente , Myrstad Marius ,   NEXAF
Published: May 2023

Background

Physical activity (PA) is associated with reduced mortality. However, whether there is an added benefit of long‐term endurance training is unclear. Thus, we aimed to examine 10‐year mortality in older male endurance athletes compared with an older male general population.

Method

Male athletes (n = 503) participating in an annual long‐distance ski race (median years of participation: 14, range: 1–53) from the Norwegian Birkebeiner Aging study (BiAS), and non‐athletic men (n = 1867) attending the sixth Tromsø Study (Tromsø6) aged ≥65 years were included. Associations with endurance sport practice and joint exposures of endurance sport practice and self‐reported leisure‐time PA with all‐cause mortality were examined. We analyzed the data with Cox proportional hazard models and regression standardization.

Results

After 10 years (median: 10.4, range: 0.5–11.1) the mortality rate was lower in athletes (hazard ratio (HR) 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24–0.49) compared with non‐athletes, corresponding to a 15% (95% CI: 12–19%) absolute risk reduction associated with endurance sport practice. In joint analyses categorized according to PA and endurance sport practice, we observed an inverse dose–response relationship with mortality (p < 0.001). Compared to inactive non‐athletes, PA was associated with lower mortality in both active non‐athletes and athletes. However, the observed benefit among participants reporting moderate‐to‐vigorous PA was larger in athletes (HR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.14–0.32) than non‐athletes (HR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.31–0.59) (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Endurance sport practice was associated with reduced 10‐year mortality, beyond the effect of PA in older men. This study suggests that long‐term endurance sport practice maintained into older adulthood promotes longevity.
How do you measure trust in social institutions and health professionals? A systematic review of the literature (2012–2021)
Authors: Aboueid Stephanie E. , Herati Hoda , Nascimento Maria H. G. , Ward Paul R. , Brown Patrick R. , Calnan Michael , Perlman Christopher M. , Meyer Samantha B.
Published: May 2023

The importance of measuring trust in health systems has been accentuated due to its correlation with important health outcomes aimed at reducing COVID‐19 transmission. A systematic review published almost a decade ago identified gaps in measures including the lack of focus on trust in systems, inconsistency regarding the dimensionality of trust and need for research to strengthen the validity of measures. Given developments in our understandings of trust since its publication, we sought to identify new scales developed, existing ones adapted in response to identified gaps, and agendas for future research. Using the PRISMA approach for systematic reviews, we conducted a search in four databases. A total of 26 articles were assessed. Twelve new scales were identified, while 14 were adapted for different settings and populations. Literature continues to focus on measuring trust in health professionals rather than systems. Various shortcomings were identified, including some articles not mentioning the dimensions included in the scale and suboptimal use of validity and reliability testing and/or reporting. Moreover, a variety of terms were used for dimensions. Future research is needed to address these gaps and consequently, to understand their correlation with health behaviors and outcomes more accurately.
The development of emotion regulation in adolescence: What do we know and where to go next?
Authors: Fombouchet Yoann , Pineau Simon , Perchec Cyrille , Lucenet Joanna , Lannegrand Lyda
Published: May 2023

Emotion regulation is critical for adolescent functioning. Theories on the subject have evolved rapidly in recent years and have led to a more contextualized and dynamic conceptualization of emotion regulation processes. In this paper, based on the distinction between emotion regulation strategies and abilities, we propose future directions for research on emotion regulation development in adolescence. We first present evidence that emotional, cognitive, and social changes that occur in adolescence are central in emotion regulation development. We then review empirical findings on emotion regulation development by tying them to their conceptual foundations. We discuss their limitations and argue that building better conceptual clarity is essential to study emotion regulation. Because current knowledge on recent concepts that emerged in adult‐based models remains limited and contested in adolescence, we end this article by discussing new research perspectives to provide a better understanding of the topic. We stress the need for researchers in the field to adopt a more contextualized and person‐oriented approach, to combine different time scales and methods, and examine the predictors of emotion regulation as well as its outcomes.
Two new JK silencing alleles identified by single molecule sequencing with 20‐Kb long‐reads
Authors: Isa Kazumi , Takada Shinnosuke , Takeda Hiromi , Tsuneyama Hatsue , Ogasawara Kenichi , Takahashi Daisuke , Miyazaki Toru , Miyata Shigeki , Satake Masahiro
Published: May 2023

Background

The Kidd blood group gene SLC14A1 (JK) accounts for approximately 20 Kb from initiation codon to stop codon in the genome. In genomic DNA analysis using Sanger sequencing or short‐read‐based next generation sequencing, it is difficult to determine the cis or trans positions of single nucleotide variations (SNVs), which are occasionally more than 1 Kb away from each other. We aimed to determine the complete nucleotide sequence of a 20‐Kb genomic DNA amplicon to characterize the JK allelic variants associated with Kidd antigen silencing in a blood donor.

Study Design and Methods

The Jk(a–b–) phenotype was identified in this donor by standard serological typing. A DNA sample obtained from whole blood was amplified by long‐range PCR to obtain a 20‐Kb fragment of the SLC14A1 gene, including the initiation and stop codons. The fragment was then analyzed by Sanger sequencing and single‐molecule sequencing. Transfection and expression studies were performed in CHO cells using the expression vector construct of JK alleles.

Results

Sanger sequencing and single‐molecule sequencing revealed that the donor was heterozygous with JK*01 having c.276G>A (rs763262711, p.Trp92Ter) and JK*02 having c.499A>G (rs2298719, p.Met167Val), c.588A>G (rs2298718, p.Pro196Pro), and c.743C>A (p.Ala248Asp). The two JK alleles identified have not been previously described. Transfection and expression studies indicated that the CHO cells transfected with JK*02 having c.743C>A did not express the Jkb and Jk3 antigens.

Conclusions

We identified new JK silencing alleles and their critical SNVs by single‐molecule sequencing and the findings were confirmed by transfection and expression studies.
In vitro quality of cold and delayed cold‐stored platelet concentrates from interim platelet units during storage for 21 days
Authors: Braathen Hanne , Felli Lunde Turid Helen , Assmus Jörg , Hagen Kristin Gjerde , Kristoffersen Einar Klæboe , Strandenes Geir , Apelseth Torunn Oveland
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives

Based on previous success using apheresis platelets, we wanted to investigate the in vitro quality and platelet function in continuously cold‐stored and delayed cold‐stored platelet concentrates (PCs) from interim platelet units (IPUs) produced by the Reveos system.

Materials and Methods

We used a pool‐and‐split design to prepare 18 identical pairs of PCs. One unit was stored unagitated and refrigerated after production on day 1 (cold‐stored). The other unit was stored agitated at room temperature until day 5 and then refrigerated (delayed cold‐stored). Samples were taken after pool‐and‐split on day 1 and on days 5, 7, 14 and 21. Swirling was observed and haematology parameters, metabolism, blood gas, platelet activation and platelet aggregation were analysed for each sample point.

Results

All PCs complied with European recommendations (EDQM 20th edition). Both groups had mean platelet content >200 × 109/unit on day 21. The pH remained above 6.4 for all sample points. Glucose concentration was detectable in every cold‐stored unit on day 21 and in every delayed cold‐stored unit on day 14. The cold‐stored group showed a higher activation level before stimulation as measured by flow cytometry. The activation levels were similar in the two groups after stimulation. Both groups had the ability to form aggregates after cold storage and until day 21.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that PCs from IPUs are suitable for cold storage from day 1 until day 21 and delayed cold storage from day 5 until day 14.
The elliptic sieve and Brauer groups
Authors: Bhakta Subham , Loughran Daniel , Rydin Myerson Simon L. , Nakahara Masahiro
Published: May 2023

A theorem of Serre states that almost all plane conics over have no rational point. We prove an analogue of this for families of conics parametrised by elliptic curves using elliptic divisibility sequences and a version of the Selberg sieve for elliptic curves. We also give more general results for specialisations of Brauer groups, which yields applications to norm form equations.
Truly form-factor–free industrially scalable system integration for electronic textile architectures with multifunctional fiber devices
Authors: Lee Sanghyo , Choi Hyung Woo , Figueiredo Cátia Lopes , Shin Dong-Wook , Moncunill Francesc Mañosa , Ullrich Kay , Sinopoli Stefano , Jovančić Petar , Yang Jiajie , Lee Hanleem , Eisenreich Martin , Emanuele Umberto , Nicotera Salvatore , Santos Angelo , Igreja Rui , Marrani Alessio , Momentè Roberto , Gomes João , Jung Sung-Min , Han Soo Deok , Bang Sang Yun , Zhan Shijie , Harden-Chaters William , Suh Yo-Han , Fan Xiang-Bing , Lee Tae Hoon , Jo Jeong-Wan , Kim Yoonwoo , Costantino Antonino , Candel Virginia Garcia , Durães Nelson , Meyer Sebastian , Kim Chul-Hong , Lucassen Marcel , Nejim Ahmed , Jiménez David , Springer Martijn , Lee Young-Woo , An Geon-Hyoung , Choi Youngjin , Sohn Jung Inn , Cha SeungNam , Chhowalla Manish , Amaratunga Gehan A. J. , Occhipinti Luigi G. , Barquinha Pedro , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo , Kim Jong Min
Published: May 2023

An integrated textile electronic system is reported here, enabling a truly free form factor system via textile manufacturing integration of fiber-based electronic components. Intelligent and smart systems require freedom of form factor, unrestricted design, and unlimited scale. Initial attempts to develop conductive fibers and textile electronics failed to achieve reliable integration and performance required for industrial-scale manufacturing of technical textiles by standard weaving technologies. Here, we present a textile electronic system with functional one-dimensional devices, including fiber photodetectors (as an input device), fiber supercapacitors (as an energy storage device), fiber field-effect transistors (as an electronic driving device), and fiber quantum dot light-emitting diodes (as an output device). As a proof of concept applicable to smart homes, a textile electronic system composed of multiple functional fiber components is demonstrated, enabling luminance modulation and letter indication depending on sunlight intensity.
Neuromorphic learning, working memory, and metaplasticity in nanowire networks
Authors: Loeffler Alon , Diaz-Alvarez Adrian , Zhu Ruomin , Ganesh Natesh , Shine James M. , Nakayama Tomonobu , Kuncic Zdenka
Published: May 2023

Nanowire networks (NWNs) mimic the brain’s neurosynaptic connectivity and emergent dynamics. Consequently, NWNs may also emulate the synaptic processes that enable higher-order cognitive functions such as learning and memory. A quintessential cognitive task used to measure human working memory is the
n
-back task. In this study, task variations inspired by the
n
-back task are implemented in a NWN device, and external feedback is applied to emulate brain-like supervised and reinforcement learning. NWNs are found to retain information in working memory to at least
n
= 7 steps back, remarkably similar to the originally proposed “seven plus or minus two” rule for human subjects. Simulations elucidate how synapse-like NWN junction plasticity depends on previous synaptic modifications, analogous to “synaptic metaplasticity” in the brain, and how memory is consolidated via strengthening and pruning of synaptic conductance pathways.
In Science Journals
Authors: Vignieri Sacha , Yeston Jake , Ray L. Bryan , Cameron Craig E , Szuromi Phil , Fogg Christiana N. , Funk Michael A. , Smith Keith T. , Alderton Gemma , Grocholski Brent , Kelly Priscilla N. , Simonti Corinne , Lopez Bianca , Malo Courtney S. , Ferrarelli Leslie K.
Published: May 2023

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
In Other Journals
Authors: Lopez Bianca , Scanlon Seth Thomas , Maroso Mattia , Simonti Corinne , Funk Michael A. , Yeston Jake , Stajic Jelena
Published: May 2023

Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature
“Breath holding” as a thermoregulation strategy in the deep-diving scalloped hammerhead shark
Authors: Royer Mark , Meyer Carl , Royer John , Maloney Kelsey , Cardona Edward , Blandino Chloé , Fernandes da Silva Guilherme , Whittingham Kate , Holland Kim N.
Published: May 2023

Fish moving between different thermal environments experience heat exchange via conduction through the body wall and convection from blood flow across the gills. We report a strategy of preventing convective heat loss at the gills during excursions into deep, cold water by the tropical scalloped hammerhead shark (
Sphryna lewini
). Adult scalloped hammerhead sharks dive rapidly and repeatedly from warm (~26°C) surface waters to depths exceeding 800 meters with temperatures as low as 5°C. Biologgers attached to adult sharks show that warm muscle temperatures were maintained throughout the deepest portion of each dive. Substantive cooling only occurred during the latter stages of the ascent phase and, once initiated, was rapid. Heat transfer coefficient modeling indicated that convective heat transfer was suspended, probably by suppressing gill function during deep dives. This previously unobserved strategy has broad similarities to marine mammal “breath hold” diving.
Demographic history and genetic structure in pre-Hispanic Central Mexico
Authors: Villa-Islas Viridiana , Izarraras-Gomez Alan , Larena Maximilian , Campos Elizabeth Mejía Perez , Sandoval-Velasco Marcela , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Juan Esteban , Bravo-Lopez Miriam , Moguel Barbara , Fregel Rosa , Garfias-Morales Ernesto , Medina Tretmanis Jazeps , Velázquez-Ramírez David Alberto , Herrera-Muñóz Alberto , Sandoval Karla , Nieves-Colón Maria A. , Zepeda García Moreno Gabriela , Villanea Fernando A. , Medina Eugenia Fernández Villanueva , Aguayo-Haro Ramiro , Valdiosera Cristina , Ioannidis Alexander G. , Moreno-Estrada Andrés , Jay Flora , Huerta-Sanchez Emilia , Moreno-Mayar J. Víctor , Sánchez-Quinto Federico , Ávila-Arcos María C.
Published: May 2023

Aridoamerica and Mesoamerica are two distinct cultural areas in northern and central Mexico, respectively, that hosted numerous pre-Hispanic civilizations between 2500 BCE and 1521 CE. The division between these regions shifted southward because of severe droughts ~1100 years ago, which allegedly drove a population replacement in central Mexico by Aridoamerican peoples. In this study, we present shotgun genome-wide data from 12 individuals and 27 mitochondrial genomes from eight pre-Hispanic archaeological sites across Mexico, including two at the shifting border of Aridoamerica and Mesoamerica. We find population continuity that spans the climate change episode and a broad preservation of the genetic structure across present-day Mexico for the past 2300 years. Lastly, we identify a contribution to pre-Hispanic populations of northern and central Mexico from two ancient unsampled “ghost” populations.
Effects of hunger on neuronal histone modifications slow aging in
Drosophila
Authors: Weaver K. J. , Holt R. A. , Henry E. , Lyu Y. , Pletcher S. D.
Published: May 2023

Hunger is an ancient drive, yet the molecular nature of pressures of this sort and how they modulate physiology are unknown. We find that hunger modulates aging in
Drosophila
. Limitation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) or activation of hunger-promoting neurons induced a hunger state that extended life span despite increased feeding. Alteration of the neuronal histone acetylome was associated with BCAA limitation, and preventing these alterations abrogated the effect of BCAA limitation to increase feeding and extend life span. Hunger acutely increased feeding through usage of the histone variant H3.3, whereas prolonged hunger seemed to decrease a hunger set point, resulting in beneficial consequences for aging. Demonstration of the sufficiency of hunger to extend life span reveals that motivational states alone can be deterministic drivers of aging.
Calculating the future
Quantum Supremacy: How the Quantum Computer Revolution Will Change Everything
Michio Kaku
Doubleday, 2023. 352 pp.
Authors: Greenbaum Dov , Gerstein Mark
Published: May 2023

A quantum computing primer offers insights into the technology’s most promising potential applications
Investigating and Treating a Corneal Ulcer Due to Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Morelli Morgan K. , Kloosterboer Amy , Fulton Scott A. , Furin Jennifer , Newman Nicholas , Omar Ahmed F. , Rojas Laura J. , Marshall Steven H. , Yasmin Mohamad , Bonomo Robert A.
Published: May 2023

Resistant Gram-negative bacteria are a growing concern in the United States, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. We identified a 72-year-old female patient who presented with unilateral vision loss.
Fine Regulation of Influenza Virus RNA Transcription and Replication by Stoichiometric Changes in Viral NS1 and NS2 Proteins
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Yingying , Shao Yuekun , Guo Jiamei , Gao George F. , Deng Tao
Published: May 2023

In order to ensure efficient multiplication, influenza virus transcribes and replicates its segmented, negative-sense viral RNA genome in highly ordered dynamics across the virus life cycle. How the virus achieves such regulation remains poorly understood.
The effects of changing the deviatoric and spherical stresses during cyclic loading on the drained response of a sand
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Xiao Junhua , Xue Jianfeng , Liu Mengbo
Published: May 2023

Changing the deviatoric and spherical stresses could affect the accumulative deformation behaviour of soils under cyclic loading. Drained cyclic triaxial loading tests were performed on saturated sand to study the dependence of cyclic loading-induced axial and volumetric strain accumulations on changing the deviatoric and spherical stresses in between loading cycles. The change in the stresses was simulated by changing cell pressure and axial load along different stress paths. The variation of axial and volumetric strain accumulations before and after changing the stresses is compared and discussed. It is found that changing the stresses could have different impacts on the axial and volumetric strain accumulations, as the accumulations are affected by different mechanisms. The axial strain accumulation after changing the stresses is affected by the average stress ratio and precedent stress history. The volumetric strain accumulation is hardly affected by changing the stresses unless an increase in the average stress ratio is caused. Both axial and volumetric strain accumulations show independence on the stress path of the disturbance. For the samples with decreasing average stress ratio, the strain accumulation direction after changing the stresses cannot be fully described using Modified Cam Clay flow rule.
Investigating shear behaviour of fibreglass rock bolts reinforcing infilled discontinuities for various pretension loads
Authors: Gregor Peter , Mirzaghorbanali Ali , McDougall Kevin , Aziz Naj , Jodeiri Shokri Behshad
Published: May 2023

In this paper, eight shear tests were carried out utilising a double shear with infilled shear interfaces after determining an appropriate experimental design and modified testing scheme. For this, two rock bolts, 20 and 30 tonnes, were tested with modified double shear testing apparatus at different pretension loads. The infilled test scheme was conducted with 5 mm thick sandy clay infilled shear interfaces. A 40 MPa small aggregate concrete was used for all samples to simulate the host rock. Based on the shear profiles, it was found that all samples followed a three-part failure profile consisting of elastic, strain softening, and failure regions. The results of double shear tests revealed that the 20 tonne rock bolt saw a significant overall decrease of approximately 30% in its failure displacement response as opposed to the 30 tonne samples, which saw a 6% increase. Also, it was concluded that the 30 tonne samples outperformed the 20 tonne rock bolts by up to 30%, irrespective of initial pretension settings. Comparing the physical failure characteristics of the samples found that both the 20 and 30 tonne samples exhibited the same response to increased pretension. As the pretension increased, the angle experienced at the hinge point also increased incrementally.
Propagation of spinors on a noncommutative spacetime: equivalence of the formal and the effective approach
Authors: Dimitrijević Ćirić Marija , Konjik Nikola , Samsarov Andjelo
Published: May 2023

Some noncommutative (NC) theories posses a certain type of dualities that are implicitly built within their structure. In this paper we establish still another example of this kind, and we do this perturbatively in the first order of the Seiberg–Witten expansion. More precisely, we show that a particular model of noncommutative $$U(1)_{\star } $$

U

(
1
)

⋆

gauge field coupled to a NC scalar field and to a classical geometry of the Reissner–Nordström (RN) type is to a first order in deformation completely equivalent at the level of equations of motion to the commutative U(1) gauge theory coupled to a commutative scalar field and to a classical geometry background, different from the starting RN background. The new (effective) metric is obtained from the RN metric by switching on an additional nonvanishing $$r-\phi $$

r
-
ϕ

component. Using this first order duality between two theories and physical systems they describe, we formulate an effective approach to studying a dynamics of spin $$\frac{1}{2}$$

1
2

fields on the curved background of RN type with an abiding noncommutative structure. As opposed to that, we also investigate in a more formal way a dynamics of spin $$\frac{1}{2}$$

1
2

fields, and we do this perturbatively, within a first order in deformation parameter, by studying a semiclassical theory which describes the NC $$U(1)_{\star } $$

U

(
1
)

⋆

gauge field coupled to NC spin $$\frac{1}{2}$$

1
2

field and also coupled to gravity, which is however treated classically. Upon utilising the Seiberg–Witten (SW) map in order to write the NC spinor and NC gauge fields in terms of their corresponding commutative degrees of freedom, we find that the equation of motion for the fermion field obtained within the formal approach exactly coincides with the equation of motion obtained within the effective approach that utilises first order noncommutative duality. Therefore, linearized equations of motion for a spinor field in SW expansion turn out to be the same as equations of motion in a perturbed metric. We then use these results to analyze the problem of stability of solutions of the equations of motion and the associated issue of superradiance, as related to fermions in RN spacetime with an all-pervasive noncommutative structure.
Entrepreneurial Competencies: An Extended Construct
Authors: Li Zhaoyang , Antoncic Bostjan
Published: May 2023

When involved in entrepreneurship activities, the competencies of entrepreneurs are made tangible as entrepreneurs interact with their environment. This study focuses on a framework for entrepreneurial competencies. The entrepreneurial competencies held by entrepreneurs are explored from the perspectives of conative, social, and cognitive competencies. The multidimensional construct of entrepreneurial competencies is extended based on these perspectives, past studies, and an empirical study that uses data concerning entrepreneurs in China. This study contributes to science by developing a three-component construct of entrepreneurial competencies that has four elements (cognitive–education, cognitive–experience, conative, and social).
Cardiovascular responses to static handgrip exercise and postexercise ischemia in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Bunsawat Kanokwan , Clifton Heather L. , Ratchford Stephen M. , Vranish Jennifer R. , Alpenglow Jeremy K. , Haykowsky Mark J. , Trinity Joel D. , Ryan John J. , Fadel Paul J. , Wray D. Walter
Published: May 2023

The current investigation has identified a diminution in the exercise-induced rise in arterial blood pressure (BP) that persisted during postexercise ischemia (PEI) in an intensity-dependent manner in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) compared with older, healthy controls. These findings suggest that the pressor response to exercise is reduced in patients with HFpEF, and this deficit may be mediated, in part, by a blunted muscle metaboreflex, highlighting the consequences of impaired neural cardiovascular control during exercise in this patient group.
Improving pulmonary perfusion assessment by dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography in an experimental lung injury model
Authors: Xin Yi , Kim Taehwan , Winkler Tilo , Brix Gunnar , Gaulton Timothy , Gerard Sarah E. , Herrmann Jacob , Martin Kevin T. , Victor Marcus , Reutlinger Kristan , Amato Marcelo , Berra Lorenzo , Kalra Mannudeep K. , Cereda Maurizio
Published: May 2023

Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT using a lower-viscosity contrast agent in combination with tracer-kinetic analysis by the steepest-slope model improves pulmonary blood flow measurements and assessment of regional distributions of lung perfusion.