bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bond Market Development and Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Ejike James , Uchegbu Basil , Uzoma Samuel
Published: February 2025

This study examined the Effect of Bond Market Development on the
Economic Growth of Nigeria. The study adopts the efficient market
theory model by Fama which advocates for a capital market where
''investment capital must be allocated to its most productive use'' in one hand and
on the other hand a ''market where investors cannot beat the market or find
securities that are mispriced'' ''such that their stock constantly outperform the
market. The study employed the use of secondary data for the period of 2003-
2020 which were sourced from CBN online published bulletin and report. Bond
market capitalization, Bond market size, Government bond performances were
considered as proxies for the independent variable. Real Domestic Product
RGDP was used as proxy for dependent variable. Findings revealed that bond
market capitalization and government bond performance have insignificant
negative effect on Nigeria's RGDP whereas bond market size has insignificant
positive effect on the real RGDP. The paper concludes that government
borrowing with respect to public debt has not shown significant effect on
Nigeria's economic growth.
Political Godfatherism and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria's Fourth Republic
Authors: Ahmed Uthman , Adam Bala
Published: February 2025

In Nigeria's Fourth Republic, Political Godfatherism is not entirely a strange
concept as it is a phenomenon that has played apparently in infringing on the
country's democratic consolidation. It has grown so deeply into the political
culture of Nigerian politicians such that it is a political new normal through
which the success and relevance of any politician is deduced from the prominent
names in support of his or her political ambitions. Hence democratic
consolidation suffers as the interests and voices of political godfathers seem to
override that of the public. Therefore, this paper examines secondary data
extracted from extant literature in journal articles, textbooks, academic
researches, government publications and internet materials on the impacts of
godfatherism on democratic consolidation in Nigeria's Fourth Republic. The
paper derives its analytical anchorage from the political elite's theory and finds
out that the activities of political godfathers affect democratic consolidation in
Nigeria in several ways including electoral manipulations and distortion of
responsive and transparent governance as well as resulting to non-delivery of the
dividends of democracy. Hence, it recommends that electoral umpires should be
empowered to stand above the manipulations of political godfathers and that
leadership should be made transparently responsible to the common men and
there is need for public enlightenment on the debilitating effects of godfatherism
on development.
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria
Authors: Cinjel Nandes , Weinoh Oboromeni , Audu Atsifa
Published: February 2025

The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) is an Act that gives a person,
group, association or organisation the right to access information from
government agencies, parastatal, Federal Civil Service, among others.
th
The Act was passed by the Nigerian National Assembly on 24 May, 2011 and
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assented as a law by the President on 28 May, 2011. This study seeks to assess
the impact of FOIA on democratic consolidation in Nigeria. A cross sectional
survey design was employed for the study. The data of the study were generated
from array of documentary facts drawn from both published and unpublished
materials. Questionnaires and reports were the major instruments utilized.
ANOVA was used to test the formulated hypotheses of the study. The study
found that FOIA has helped to promote accountability, transparency,
responsiveness, etc. in governance. The study also found that some
contradictions of the sections, non-compliance, and poor culture of keeping
record, among others affect the implementation of the Act. The study
recommended that the gap in the provision should be filled, effective
compliance, adequate training for FOIA desk officers, among others.
Foreign Private Investment and Manufacturing Sector's Growth in Nigeria: A Bounds Testing Co-Integrative Approach
Authors: Ugbaka Malachy , Ojikpong Christopher
Published: February 2025

The paper examines empirically, whether or not foreign private investment
(FDI), bank credit to the private sector (BCR), manufactured goods
import (MGM), real per capita income (PCY) and inflation rate (INF)
impact significantly and positively on manufacturing output (MNQ) in Nigeria
over the sample period of twenty-seven year from 1995 and 2022. The newly
developed bounds testing approach to co-integration was adopted in the study.
The results obtained reveal that both the short-run and long-run growth effects
of manufacturing output in Nigeria are significant and positive. These findings
on foreign private investment underscores the imperative for adopting
appropriate measures that would attract more foreign investments to the
manufacturing sector in Nigeria. Having ascertained the significance of foreign
private investment positively influencing manufacturing output in Nigeria, the
study submits that a set of policies to the Nigerian government with a view to
enhancing foreign private investment and fostering manufacturing sector's
growth in Nigeria should be vigorously pursued.
Incentive Factors the Auch Chiefs' Club for Obtaining
Authors: G. Ishaan , Nuryana Ida
Published: February 2025

This research seeks to investigate the factors that have contributed to the
success of the top auto associations that are listed on the Indonesian
Exchange (IDX). Association size, evaluator repute, regulatory owner,
institutional belonging, actual impact, and the president boss's level of tutelage
are some of the assessment factors used to determine how well the and
including. 2016 to 2020 is the investigation's time frame. Purposive analyzing is
the model that is being employed, and there might be up to 18 numerous
different examination data testing processes. The test data results revealed that
firm size, inspector reputation, trustworthy affiliation, institutional ownership,
money related influence, and the impact of senior bosses' mentoring levels all
played a role. Benefit Although fairly, the leaders' overall regulatory ownership
has an impact on Pay the bench. Association size, the competence of the
assessor, and institutional affiliation, Impact relates to money, and senior
executives' guiding level do not consider benefits the panel.
From Policy to Prosperity: The Fiscal Path to Nigeria Economic Growth
Authors: Nwikina Christian , Nwankwo Nneka , Thankgod Tonye
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the transformative role of fiscal policy in driving economic
prosperity in Nigeria covering 1985 to 2022. By examining how federal
government domestic debt, external debt, capital expenditure, recurrent
expenditure, oil revenue and non-oil revenue as a proxy for fiscal policy correlate with
gross domestic product per capita as a proxy for economic growth. Data for the study
were obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin 2022. The
Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) method was used to conduct a unit root test on the
developed model. The variables were found to be of mixed order I(0) and I (1) according
to the results of the Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test. In order to determine
whether fiscal policy and economic growth have a long-run connection, the research
used the Auto-regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) model and conducted a bound test.
Results from the regression analysis showed that federal government domestic debt had
a negative relationship with gross domestic product per capita in the short-run, while
federal government external debt reported a negative but significant impact on gross
domestic product per capita in the long-run. The Auto-regressive Distributive Lag
(ARDL) bound test showed that fiscal policy and economic growth are correlated in the
long run. The impact on gross domestic product per capita was positive and statistically
significant for federal government recurrent spending and oil and non-oil income, while
it was negligible for federal government capital expenditure. Hence, it was concluded
that fiscal policy leads to economic prosperity significantly. It was therefore
recommended amongst other that the federal ministry of finance should prioritize
improving debt management practices to reduce the reliance on domestic debt. This
includes developing strategies for refinancing existing high interest debt with lower cost
options and integrating debt reduction into fiscal planning.
Pension Fund Assets and Reduction of Misery Index in Nigeria
Authors: Uduma Esther , Ekwe Michael , A. Nwaorgu
Published: February 2025

The study investigated the impact of pension fund assets on misery
reduction in Nigeria for the period, 2004-2022. Misery index, pension
fund assets, private sector pension fund contributions, public sector
pension fund contributions and number of retirement savings account were
variables of interest. Ex-post facto research methodology was used given the
availability of data on variables of interest. Thereafter, error correction
mechanism (ECM) test was employed to analyze the data. Findings showed that
pension fund assets had positive and significant impact on misery reduction in
Nigeria. Similarly, private sector pension fund contributions, public sector
pension fund contributions and number of retirement savings account had
positive and significant impact on misery reduction in Nigeria. The study
recommends that pension administrators in Nigeria should fashion out ways of
investing in viable assets so as to achieve increased return on assets. With this,
prompt payment of pensions to retirees would be ensured thereby reducing
misery in Nigeria.
HETEROTOPIC PREGNANCY
Authors: Majeed Sobia , Farooq Fariha , Salahuddin Nosheen
Published: February 2025

Heterotopic pregnancy is a rare type of pregnancy and this report presents a detailed overview of a case of heterotopic pregnancy with live intrauterine gestation and ruptured right adenexal gestation. Coexistence ofintrauterine and extrauterine gestation is known as heterotopic pregnancy and its incidence is 1: 30,000 of spontaneous pregnancies.1-2It is associated withsignificant maternal morbidity and mortality due to the risk of rupture of ectopic pregnancy. There is a false sense of security when an intrauterine gestational sac is seen. This results in the inadequate inspection of adenexae despite a strong initial clinical suspicion of ectopic pregnancy. Thorough holistic approach and ultrasonography are needed in managing these patients.Key Words: Heterotopic pregnancy, Acute abdomen, Salpingectomy
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FIREARM WEAPONS INJURIES AT DISTRICT HEAD QUARTERTEACHING HOSPITAL, GUJRANWALA”
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Amjad , Hanif Shahid , Naheed Kishwar , Ajmad Saad , Zawar Sadaf
Published: February 2025

Objective:Firearm weapons injuries are an important component of the medico legal examination. The current study was planned to know the epidemiology of firearm weapons injuries, to updatethe junior MedicolegalExaminersabout the appropriate recognition, interpretation and investigationof firearmweaponsinjuries.Material and method:The present study comprised offifty seven cases offirearm weapons injuries presented inTrauma Centreof D.H.Q/Teaching Hospital,Gujranwala, during the year 2012 including 50 Males(80.72 %)and07 Females(12.28 %).Their medico legalrecord wasreviewed retrospectively;Demographicprofile, includingage and sex distributionwas recorded. Firearmweaponsinjuries weredescribed according to distance, manner of infliction of injury and area of distribution.Results:The age ranged from 1to above 60 years. The maximum number22 (38.6%) were of agebetween 21-30 years (Table 1)out of 57 cases, 50 (87.72%) were male and 07 (12.28%) were female (Table 2).Cases of far distance firewere47 (82.46%),near distance firewere6(10.52%) and loose contact fire were4 (7.02%)(Table 3).Regarding manner,55 (96.49%)werehomicidal and 2 (3.51%) were by friendly hand (Table 4).Urban cases were 45 (78.95%) and ruralwere12 (21.05%)(Table 5).Conclusion:Most of firearm weapons injury cases at District Head Quarter Teaching Hospital Gujranwala are of distant fire and are homicidal. Most cases are from urban areas.Key words:Weapons,Injuries,Minor
COMPARISON OF ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS BETWEEN ATHLETE AND NON-ATHLETE FEMALE STUDENTS
Authors: Kanwal Shumaela , Qureshi Hamid Javaid , Aslam Muhammad Sohail , Masud Shahroona
Published: February 2025

Background:Participation in sports and exercise has a variety of health related benefits. This study was planned to compare the anthropometric parameters between athlete and non-athlete female students.Subjects and methods:The study population consisted of 132 female students. Of these, 66 were athletes and 66 were non-athletes. Weight and height of each participant were taken by standardized procedure. BMI of each subject was calculated using WHO criteria.Results:Results of the study showed that BMI was significantly low in athletes as compared to non-athletes (p-value˂0.05). Height of athletic students was significantly more than non-athletic students while weight was non-significantly different between two groups. Regarding groups of BMI, more students were over-weight and obese in non-athletic groups compared to athletic group.Conclusion:It was concluded that weight and BMI arelower in athlete than non-athlete students. Athlete students are taller than non-athlete students.Key Words: Athletes, Body Mass Index, Anthropometry
CLINICAL AND CYTOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ORAL MUCOSAL LESIONS IN PAN-CHEWERS FROM LAHORE, PAKISTAN
Authors: Waris Sadaf , Masood Atika , Safdar Rabia , Ali Khurshid , Rehman Abdur , Wali Nadia
Published: February 2025

Objective: The current study was performed to asses demographic, clinical and cyto-morphological features of oral mucosa in pan chewers. Methods:This was a cross-sectional, survey. After taking relevant historyand informed consent, a clinical examination was performed on300 pan usersfrom Lahore city. Cytological smears were obtained to be stained withHaematoxylin and Eosin, Giemsa and Pap’s stain. All the smears were examined under light microscope to evaluatecyto-morphological changes. Data wereanalyzed with the help of SPSS. Results:The average age for allsubjects was 32.28±0.59 and 95% were males. The majority were from poor social background and some of them gave history of smoking and alcohol etc. Many had discolored and sensitive teeth, bleeding gums and painful oral lesions. The mean duration of pan chewing was 11.47±0.39 years and majority of subjects used to chew 1-5 pans /day. On naked eye examination of oral cavity, leukoplakia, erythroleukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, erythroplakia,andgrowthwere seen in 8.7%,2.3%, 1.7%, 1%,and 1%subjects respectively. On cytological examination epithelial dysplasia, oral squamous cell carcinoma, keratosis, inflammation, bacterial and candidal loads were observed in 57.7%, 1%, 54.3%, 74.7%, 48.7%,and 7.7% subjects respectively. Conclusion: Poor orodental hygiene, inflammatoryconditions, pre-malignantlesions like leukoplakia, erythroplakia, epithelial dysplasia and malignancyof oral mucosa werealarmingly common in pan chewers from Lahore, Pakistanwho belongedto the poor socioeconomic background and do not seek medical advice. Key Words:Oral Mucosa, Leukoplakia,Keratosis, Oral submucous fibrosis
GROWING ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IS A MASSIVE THREAT TO HEALTH SYSTEM
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Shahbaz , Qureshi Muhammad Saeed , Iqbal Pervez , Ahmed Sufian , Gul Iram , Abbas Zaigham , Haq Aizaz ul
Published: February 2025

Antibiotic resistance has become a worldwide problem and a massive threat to the health system,particularly in developing countries. A number of factors such as excessive use of antibiotics in the dairy industry, poultry industry, dosage effect, non-professional doctors especially in rural areas, self-medication,and misuse of antibiotics are contributing towards antibiotic resistance. The astonishing genetic capacity of bacteria to resist antibiotics is due to over usage of antibiotics and transmission ofresistant genes to further generations through horizontal gene transfer. The basic mechanisms of antibiotic resistance are the degradation of different drugs used against bacteria by enzymes,changes in proteins thathave to be targeted by antibiotics,and alterations in permeability of membrane toward different antibiotics. The growing antibiotic resistance is a problem not only in underdeveloped countries but also in developed countries. This review addresses different aspects of antibiotic resistance, mechanisms, factors involved,and future impact of growing antibiotic resistance.Key Words:Antibiotics, Antibiotic Resistance, Enzymes
COVID-19 PATIENTS IN FAROOQ HOSPITAL, LAHORE.
Authors: Farooq Omair
Published: February 2025

COVID-19 PATIENTS IN FAROOQ HOSPITAL, LAHORE.
PERFORMING SAFE GI ENDOSCOPY AMID COVID-19 PANDEMICIN PAKISTAN
Authors: Latif Shahzad , Saleem Hafiza Bushra , Omer Raja , Qaiser Wafa , Waseem Tariq
Published: February 2025

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is being declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization after itsemergencefrom China.Body secretions including respiratory aerosols and feces and environmental surfaces exposed to these secretionsare listed as the main cause of human-to-human transmission. Previous reportshavestrongly suggested that a significant number (29%) of COVID-19 patients were healthcare workers in the medical facilities. It is inevitable to avoid exposure to either respiratory or gastrointestinal fluids from patients during endoscopy. This presentsa great risk of the infectingvirus to skilled medical professionals. Various endoscopy societies and the leading organization has published a suite of recommendations based on the expert’s opinion and experiences ofhandling the pandemic. However, each society has also greatly emphasized to develop appropriate contingency plan on management and preventive measures based on specific resources and COVID-19 patients at each endoscopic center.Since the COVID-19 cases are continuing to rise, we aim to review the literature and compile a set of recommendations implacable in Pakistanto limit the spreadof COVID-19 in endoscopic facilities. Lack of awareness, poor compliance, socio-economic factors, limitations of national health resources,and lesser resilience in the health system are key challenges. However, designinga COVID-19 response management system, preparedness and use of appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) can ensurezero transmission of the contagious pathogen-associated outbreak and hygienic endoscopy services without subjecting patients and staff to undue health hazards.Key Words:COVID-19, Pandemic, Endoscopy
FREQUENCY OF CAUSAL FACTORS OFFACIAL CONTACT DERMATITIS IN DERMATOLOGY OPD OF CHARITY HOSPITAL
Authors: Anjum Rabia , Sheikh Mariam , Majeed Rabail
Published: February 2025

Background:The face is exposed to a great number of cosmetics and facial dermatitis is the prototypical presentation of cosmetic contact dermatitis.This study aimed todetermine the frequency and causesof contact dermatitis on the face of patients coming to dermatology OPD. Material and Methods:Cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of Dermatology, Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital, EME, Lahore,over six months i.e,July 2020 to December 2020. Patients between 12-71years with contact Dermatitis on the face were enrolled in the study. All data were entered in SPSS and analyzed.Results:There wasa total of 182 patients who presented with a contact dermatitis on the face. 145(79.7%) were females,and 37 (20.3%) were males. About 76(41.8%) patients had facial contact dermatitis due to the use of whitening creams, 48 (26.4%) patients had this because of steroid abuse (which are easily available in the market), In 35 (19.2%) patients,the cause was the application of mix creams whereas 23 (12.6%) patients had a history of hair dye usage.Conclusion: This study concluded a high frequency of patients with contact dermatitis. The most common causeis whitening agents available in the market.Key Words:Contact dermatitis,Cross-sectional study, Dermatitis
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF A RETAINED FOREIGN BODY IN THE PERIORBITAL AREA.
Authors: Kazmi Syeda Sadaf , Ali Waqar , Qazi Zia us Salam , Farooq Omair , Waris Sadaf , Fatima Sara
Published: February 2025

Background: Foreign object penetrations in the craniofacial region are sometimes reported as a result of occupational or work-related accidents. This can result in serious injuries because of the presence of many fragile anatomical structures in this region.Case presentation: A 25-year-oldmale working as a carpenter faced an accident when a nail gun accidentally shoots resulting in a steel nail impalement in the right side of his face, just missing the eye. His primary physician missed the diagnosis and gave him palliative treatment. For five years, the patient kept visiting different doctors for his symptoms that appeared on and off but weremedicated and sent back. After five years of this incident, he visited this hospital where his CT scan was ordered which revealed the presence of a long steel nail that was completely penetrating the right side of the face, crossing the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus to reach the maxillary bone of the left side. Surgery was done for the removal of the nail and debridement of the adjacent tissues was done. The patient was prescribed an antibiotic course.Conclusion: This is a rare case because of the time duration for which the foreign body of such a large size was retained in the skull without causing any harmful effects to the neighboringvital structures and without the patient’s knowledge.KeyWords: Surgery, Palliative Treatment, Foreign body
SUCCESS RATE OF B-LYNCH SUTURE IN THE TREATMENT OF POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE INWOMEN UNDERGOING EMERGENCY CAESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Latif Farzana , Qadir Sadia , Aslam Summera , Gondal Mehnaz , Hammad Arif Rai Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Background:Postpartum hemorrhage is one of the five maincauses of maternal mortality with an estimated prevalence of 34% in Pakistan. Uterine atony has been described as the most common underlying cause. Application of B-Lynch suture to prevent atony has been shown to successfully control postpartum hemorrhagein the previous literature. However, all of the existing studies were conducted with a very small sample size and the results were conflicting. So the purpose of this study was to repeat this trial over a larger sample size to confirm the control of PPH with B-Lynch suture in women undergoing emergency cesarean section.The objective of the study was to calculatethe frequency of successful control of PPH with B-Lynch sutures in women during emergency cesarean section.Material andMethods:This cross-sectional studywas conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahorefrom 25/11/2020 to 24/05/2021. This study involved 314 patients who underwent emergency cesarean sectionand developed PPH which was managed by B-Lynch suture. Informed consentwas taken.Results:Thepatient's mean agewas 27.46±5.61 years. Most of the patients (n=125, 39.8%) were para 2, thenpara 3 (30.9%) and para 1 (24.2%) while only 5.1% patients were para 4. Following the application of the B-Lynch suture, PPH was successfully controlled in 301 (95.9%) patients while 13 (4.1%) patients didn’t respond well and were managed by hysterectomy.When data was stratified for age groups, the frequency of successful control of PPH was 96.9% between 20-25 years, 96.0% between 26-30 years, 95.9% between 31-35 years,and 91.9% between 36-40 years of patients age, and it was astatistically insignificantdifference(p=.617). When datawasstratifiedfor parity, the frequency of successful control of PPH was 94.7% among para 1, 96.0% among para 2, 96.9% among para 3 and 93.8% among para 4, however again the observed difference was statistically insignificant (p=.874).Conclusion:B-Lynch suture was found to successfully control postpartum hemorrhage in 95.9% of patients undergoing emergency cesarean section.Key Words:Postpartum Hemorrhage,Cesarean Section, Suture
Tantangan Sekolah di Indonesia dalam Membangun Kultur Sekolah di Era Digital: Kajian Literatur Sistematis
Authors: Musa La , Dwiningrum Siti Irene Astuti , Sinaga Juniar
Published: February 2025

Era digital merupakan era di mana perkembangan tekonologi begitu pesat, tekonologi digital mudah diakses kapan saja dan menjadi bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari kehidupan manusia. Internet dan teknologi digital sangat penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, karena keberadaannya mempengaruhi banyak aspek termasuk pada bidang pendidikan. Kondisi ini mendorong sekolah-sekolah yang ada di Indonesia untuk membangun kultur yang baik dalam menghadapinya.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang bagaimana membangun kultur sekolah dalam menghadapi tantangan pendidikan di era digital. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan desain PRISMA untuk mengidentifikasi, memilih, dan menilai secara kritis penelitian yang relevan serta mengumpulkan dan menganalisis data dari studi yang ditinjau. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa untuk membangun kultur sekolah yang responsif terhadap pendidikan di era digital, diperlukan integrasi pendekatan inovatif seperti pembelajaran berbasis proyek, penggunaan teknologi dalam proses pembelajaran, dan strategi pembelajaran yang terbukti efektif seperti flipped classroom. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini secara berkelanjutan, perlu adanya komitmen yang kuat dari semua pihak terkait, termasuk pemerintah, sekolah, guru, dan industri.
Causes and consequences of Environmental Pollution in Rispana River, Dehradun, India
Authors: Chauniyal D. D. , Chauniya Savita
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study is to identify the causes and consequences of pollution in the Rispana River, as well as its impact on the environment in Dehra Dun City. The methodology employed in this study involves the use of primary and secondary data, field surveys, and observations. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The unplanned growth of slums and the expansion of the city have led to numerous environmental problems. The primary causes of pollution in the river are the unregulated development of slums encroaching on the riverbed, dumping of domestic waste, and poor policy implementation. According to the 2011 census, approximately 56% of the total slum population of Dehra Dun lives along the Rispana River and its
tributaries. Over the past 54 years, the riverbed of Rispana has shifted at a rate of 4.6 meters per year within the slum areas. Initial survey data indicates that nearly 95% of slum houses were illegally constructed on the riverbed. The results also reveal that 85% of respondents dispose of their solid waste into the river. It is estimated that approximately 659.3 metric tons per month of solid waste are dumped into the channel bed of the Rispana River. The escalating amount of waste generated in modern society has a significant and detrimental impact on the environment. Pollution adversely
affects the health of local communities, the quality of air, and the overall climate. Foul odors, dust, and burning plastic, among other factors, have adverse effects on the health of children and the elderly. In conclusion, several suggestions are proposed for mitigating pollution in the Rispana River.
Pedagogical Leadership Skills of School Heads across Kinder Teachers Challenges
Authors: Bonsol Belden S. , F. Benasa Lovely Celeste , Fiscal Rainer
Published: February 2025

Pedagogical leadership is vital for school leaders, particularly in kindergarten settings. This study investigated the school head’s pedagogical leadership skills in addressing the challenges faced by kindergarten teachers. The study’s main objective is to determine the level of pedagogical leadership skills of school heads in addressing the challenges faced by kindergarten teachers. The study adopted quantitative research design and utilized a descriptive method to collect data. Data was collected through an online survey questionnaire given to all kindergarten teachers in Santa Maria to Kalayaan sub-office. The data collected was analyzed using statistical methods to identify the different aspects of pedagogical leadership and the challenges faced by kindergarten teachers. This analysis provided valuable insights into the effectiveness of school heads’ leadership skills in addressing these challenges. The findings of the study provided valuable insights for school leaders, policymakers, and educational ins
Brand matters
Authors: Mensik Kennedy  Jennifer
Published: February 2025

The American Nurses Association continues to work for the benefit of nurses and the profession.
Can AI relieve the nursing documentation burden?
Authors: Cato Kenrick D. , Tiase Victoria L.
Published: February 2025

Your participation in the development and implementation of AI can help ensure it truly meets nurses’ and patients’ needs.
Vocal cord dysfunction
Authors: Dedo Rachel
Published: February 2025

Knowing how this condition differs from asthma can help ensure prompt and appropriate treatment.
crise pós-eleitoral em Moçambique: o reflexo de uma insatisfação social profunda
Authors: Caramba Bernardo José
Published: February 2025

Moçambique enfrenta uma crise política e social sem precedentes, desencadeada pelas controversas eleições de outubro de 2024. A violência nas ruas, a destruição de propriedades e a resposta policial desproporcional evidenciam a fragilidade do sistema de governança, caracterizado por má gestão e corrupção. O descontentamento popular é profundo, refletido em manifestações em diversas comunidades que buscam soluções para suas necessidades ignoradas pelo governo. A gestão inadequada dos recursos naturais e as condições precárias nos setores educacional e agrícola exacerbam a crise. A mobilização crescente da população exige uma resposta política urgente, com reformas estruturais e compromisso com a paz. O artigo adota uma abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa que combina pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental para fornecer uma compreensão abrangente das questões em debate A implementação de reformas administrativas, a promoção da boa governação e o fomento à investigação científica são essenciais para restaurar a confiança e garantir um desenvolvimento sustentável. Sem ações concretas e inclusivas, Moçambique corre o risco de uma crise prolongada e de graves consequências para seu futuro.
Hermenéutica y Fenomenología: el desocultamiento de lo ontológico
Authors: Díaz Perojo Roberto Luis
Published: February 2025

The shock caused by the term hermeneutics as a discipline has opened a new scale of problems in linguistic analysis. However, the possibility of its understanding is oriented to the keys of phenomenology. This is the pretext on which Heidegger, Gadamer and Ricoeur assume a set of dispositions that orient to the possibility of a phenomenological hermeneutic. The underlying task leads us to analyze what are the conditions of possibility of this phenomenological hermeneutic of linguistic and epistemological responsibility that results in an ontology of facticity.
The Dynamics of Student Mental Health in perspective Psychology of Islamic Education: Factor Analysis and Psychological Spiritual Development Strategy
Authors: Farhan Muhammad , Shobahiya Mahasri
Published: February 2025

Students' mental health is often dynamic due to various factors both internal and external. In this regard, this research aims to analyze the dynamics of students' mental health in the perspective of Islamic education psychology at the Assalaam Modern Islamic Boarding School. The focus of the research is on the factors and strategies of psychological spiritual development. This research uses phenomenological qualitative methods to uncover. Data collection methods include interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The results revealed the complexity of the santri's psychological challenges, including academic pressure, identity conflicts, and socio-spiritual dynamics in the pesantren environment. The research found that environmental factors, educational patterns, and social interactions have substantial significance to the mental health of santri. The strategies applied in coaching are integrative counseling guidance, strengthening resilience, and continuous mentoring. This study produces a comprehensive intervention model that integrates psychological approaches with spiritual guidance, aiming to optimize the mental health and character development of santri within the framework of Islamic religious education.
How The Work Environment Affects the Physical Fitness of Workers: A Survey Research on Automotive Industry in The Czech Republic
Authors: KACEROVA Ilona , KRNOUL Matej , KUBR Jan , MALAGA Miroslav
Published: February 2025

Working in the automotive industry is characterized by high complexity and places various demands on employees, which can be both physical and mental. Employees are subjected to high physical stress, which is a consequence not only of the fast pace of work but also of the constant pressure to improve the efficiency and quality of production processes. This issue is particularly relevant in the context of industrial enterprises in the Czech Republic, where increasing competitive pressure is evident in all phases of the production process. This study focuses on the results of a questionnaire survey conducted to analyze the physical overload of employees in industrial enterprises. A total of 361 people participated in the survey, providing a representative sample for assessing the current situation. The survey was conducted from October 2023 to March 2024, involving employees from various occupational sectors. It was found that 185 respondents worked in manufacturing, 102 in logistics, and 74 in administration. This study provides valuable insights into the state of physical overload in industrial enterprises and emphasizes the need to implement preventive measures and strategies to alleviate these burdens, which could lead to improved employee wellbeing and increased productivity.
Corpos danças: acessibilidade em cena
Authors: Mota Marina Alves
Published: February 2025

Quando Socorro Lima me convidou para escrever o prefácio deste livro, o primeiro pensamento que veio à cabeça foi que seria uma ousadia de minha parte aceitar, porque apesar de também ser artista da dança e pessoa com deficiência, sou uma mulher sudestina e julguei que não teria competência para escrever sobre processos criativos de artistas que vêm de uma realidade tão, aparentemente, distante da minha. “Corpos Dançantes” veio confirmar o que eu já intuía: o que nos aproxima é tão autêntico e profundo que a distância geográfica jamais poderia pressupor. A subjetividade dos movimentos de quem precisa se relacionar com o mundo fora dos padrões da normatividade e que na arte a diversidade de corpos é um campo fértil de expressividade ímpar. Sob orientação de Marina Mota, para além dos relatos do processo de pesquisa e criação de um espetáculo, este livro é o registro das palavras de quem vivencia na carne os temas: acessibilidade, capacitismo, tecnologias assistivas e pedagogias de acesso. São narrativas de possibilidades e, sobretudo, um convite a se reconhecer como um corpo dançante.
The impact of sea spray aerosol on photochemical ozone formation over eastern China: heterogeneous reaction of chlorine particles and radiative effect
Authors: Hong Yingying , Zhu Yuqi , Huang Yuxuan , Liu Yiming , Xiong Chuqi , Fan Qi
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Eastern China has suffered from severe photochemical O3 (ozone) pollution in recent years. In this coastal region, atmospheric environment can be influenced by sea spray aerosol (SSA) from marine emissions. However, the extent and mechanisms by which SSA affects O3 formation remain incompletely understood. Here, using the WRF-CMAQ model, this study investigates the comprehensive effect of SSA on radical chemistry and O3 formation in the lower troposphere across four seasons. SSA (over 50 % are particulate chlorine) can reach further inland through an atmospheric “bridge” aloft, interacting with the nitrogen-containing gases from continental anthropogenic emissions to reduce NOx levels and release Cl radicals. The NOx reduction increases O3 in VOCs-limited region while decreasing them in NOx-limited zones. Elevated Cl radicals enhances VOCs degradation and O3 formation during morning hours. Meanwhile, the scattering properties of SSA reduces daytime O3 formation by diminishing photolysis rates. Due to the contrast effect of SSA via different mechanisms, the response of O3 vary seasonally and geographically. In winter, SSA increases O3 in eastern China due to the dominant effect of NOx reduction in VOCs-limited regions. In spring and autumn, similar effects occur in North China Plain, whereas southern China sees a decrease due to the NOx reduction in NOx-limited region and reduced photolysis rates. In summer, O3 increases are observed only around Bohai, with reductions elsewhere driven by NOx reductions in NOx-limited regions and decreased photolysis. This study highlights the important, varying, but previously unreported role of SSA in shaping tropospheric photochemistry over eastern China.
Improved hydrometeor detection near the Earth’s surface by a conically scanning spaceborne W-band radar
Authors: Coppola Marco , Battaglia Alessandro , Tridon Frederic , Kollias Pavlos
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The Earth’s strong radar surface return limits the detection of clouds and precipitation in the lowest part of the atmosphere by nadir-pointing spaceborne radars such as CloudSat and EarthCARE. The strength of the Earth’s surface radar return is significantly reduced at non-zero incidence angles. The WIVERN 94 GHz radar, currently undergoing Phase A studies by ESA, employs a 3-meter antenna and conical radar sampling at high incidence angles. Here, the benefits of the narrow field of view and the reduction in the Earth’s surface return for studying clouds and precipitation in the lowest kilometers of the atmosphere are quantified. The WIVERN radar is expected to improve the signal (hydrometeors) to clutter (surface return) ratio over ice-free ocean surfaces and marginally worsen it over land and sea ice. The impact of these findings on the detection of light rainfall and snowfall near the Earth’s surface is discussed.
Shift in cold-point tropopause trends derived from radiosonde, satellite, and reanalysis data
Authors: Zolghadrshojaee Mona , Tegtmeier Susann , Davis Sean M. , Pilch Kedzierski Robin , Haimberger Leopold
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The tropical tropopause layer (TTL) is the transition region between the well-mixed convective troposphere and the radiatively controlled stratosphere and plays a crucial role for air mass transport between these layers. In this paper, we present updated trends of TTL and lower stratospheric temperature from radiosonde and Global Navigation Satellite System – Radio Occultation (GNSS-RO) data and evaluate temperature trends in the reanalysis data sets ERA5, JRA-3Q, and MERRA-2. Given its importance in determining the concentration of water vapor entering the stratosphere, we focused in particular on temperature trends at the cold point tropopause, which we determined from radiosonde observations by removing time-varying bias effects from trends based on unadjusted data. From 1980 to 2023, cold point tropopause cooling is shown in radiosondes, overestimated by JRA-3Q and underestimated by MERRA-2 and ERA5. Splitting into two periods reveals a shift in TTL temperature trends: cooling (1980–2001) to warming (2002–2023) across all datasets, highlighting post-2002 changes in tropical tropopause dynamics. Tropical upwelling estimates from the three reanalyses show opposite trends for 1980–2001 compared to 2002–2023 consistent with the cold point and lower stratosphere temperature trends. While the vertical residual circulation increased before 2000 consistent with cold point cooling, the circulation trends turned to zero (MERRA-2, JRA-3Q) or became positive (ERA5) after 2000 consistent with cold point warming. Between 2002–2023, GNSS-RO and reanalysis show significant warming at the cold point and lower stratosphere, aligning with observed patterns and seasonality. Warming trends anticorrelate with tropospheric cooling, strongest where upper troposphere cooling appears.
GravIS: mass anomaly products from satellite gravimetry
Authors: Dahle Christoph , Boergens Eva , Sasgen Ingo , Döhne Thorben , Reißland Sven , Dobslaw Henryk , Klemann Volker , Murböck Michael , König Rolf , Dill Robert , Sips Mike , Sylla Ulrike , Groh Andreas , Horwath Martin , Flechtner Frank
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Accurately quantifying global mass changes at the Earth's surface is essential for understanding climate system dynamics and their evolution. Satellite gravimetry, as realized with the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) missions, is the only currently operative remote sensing technique that can track large-scale mass variations, making it a unique monitoring opportunity for various geoscientific disciplines. To facilitate easy accessibility of GRACE and GRACE-FO (GRACE/-FO in the following) results (also beyond the geodetic community), the Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) developed the Gravity Information Service (GravIS) portal (https://gravis.gfz.de, last access: 21 January 2025). This work aims to introduce the user-friendly mass anomaly products provided at GravIS that are specifically processed for hydrology, glaciology, and oceanography applications. These mass change data, available in both a gridded representation and as time series for predefined regions, are routinely updated when new monthly GRACE/-FO gravity field models become available. The associated GravIS web portal visualizes and describes the products, demonstrating their usefulness for various studies and applications in the geosciences. Together with GFZ's complementary information portal https://www.globalwaterstorage.info/ (last access: 21 January 2025), GravIS supports widening the dissemination of knowledge about satellite gravimetry in science and society and highlights the significance and contributions of the GRACE/-FO missions for understanding changes in the climate system. The GravIS products, divided into several data sets corresponding to their specific application, are available at https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.GRAVIS_06_L2B (Dahle and Murböck, 2019), https://doi.org/10.5880/COST-G.GRAVIS_01_L2B (Dahle and Murböck, 2020), https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.GRAVIS_06_L3_ICE (Sasgen et al., 2019), https://doi.org/10.5880/COST-G.GRAVIS.5880/GFZ.GRAVIS_01_L3_ICE (Sasgen et al., 2020), https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.GRAVIS_06_L3_TWS (Boergens et al., 2019), https://doi.org/10.5880/COST-G.GRAVIS_01_L3_TWS (Boergens et al., 2020a), https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.GRAVIS_06_L3_OBP (Dobslaw et al., 2019), and https://doi.org/10.5880/COST-G.GRAVIS_01_L3_OBP (Dobslaw et al., 2020a).
EARice10: a 10 m resolution annual rice distribution map of East Asia for 2023
Authors: Song Mingyang , Xu Lu , Ge Ji , Zhang Hong , Zuo Lijun , Jiang Jingling , Ding Yinhaibin , Xie Yazhe , Wu Fan
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Timely and accurate high-resolution annual mapping of rice distribution is essential for food security, greenhouse gas emissions assessment, and support of sustainable development goals. East Asia (EA), a major global rice-producing region, accounts for approximately 29.3 % of the world's rice production. Therefore, to acquire the latest rice distribution of the EA, this study proposed a novel rice distribution mapping method based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, producing a 10 m resolution annual rice distribution map (EARice10) of EA for 2023. A new synthetic aperture radar (SAR)-based rice distribution mapping index (SRMI) was firstly proposed and combined with optical indices to generate representative rice samples. In addition, a stacking-based optical–SAR adaptive fusion model was designed to fully integrate the features of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data for high-precision rice mapping in EA. The accuracy of EARice10 was evaluated using more than 90 000 validation samples and achieved an overall accuracy of 90.48 %, with both the user accuracy and the producer accuracy exceeding 90 %. The reliability of the product was verified by R2 values ranging between 0.94 and 0.98 with respect to official statistics and between 0.79 and 0.98 with respect to previous rice mapping products. EARice10 is accessible at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13118409 (Song et al., 2024).
Nature-Based Solutions for Urban Climate Change Adaptation in Pakistan
Authors: Imran Rabiya
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the readiness of urban residents to adopt nature-based climate adaptation options in three cities of Pakistan. A systematic random sampling approach was employed for survey administration. A proportional sample of respondents was contacted from each sector or zone, based on data from the Census of Pakistan, 2017. The sample size comprised of 1000 respondents, with 250 respondents targeted from each city. Nature-based solutions have significant potential to decrease the vulnerability and enhance the resilience of cities in light of climatic change. Drawing on primary survey and econometric analysis, the study demonstrates a positive correlation between citizens' readiness to adapt and their age, exposure to harsh climates, pessimistic forecasts for the future climate, and perceived danger. Additionally, household composition, respondents’ use of recreational and environmental services, and their social collaboration appear to induce their adoption of nature-based climate adaptation options in our study areas.
PENGARUH PERENCANAAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA, REKRUTMEN, DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PUSKESMAS ANDALAS KOTA PADANG
Authors: Raudhatul Jannah Gina , Rosalina Delvi , Irawan Wera Wahyuni , Charli Chintiya Ones
Published: February 2025

Perencanaan sumber daya manusia, rekrutmen, dan budaya organisasi yang sesuai dengan pendidikan dan keterampilan dapat meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh perencanaan sumber daya manusia, rekrutmen, dan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja pegawai dengan menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 55 orang pegawai sebagai responden yaitu pada pegawai puskesmas andalas kota padang. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan alat analisis Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan menggunakan Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan perencanaan sumber daya manusia terhadap kinerja pegawai, terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan rekrutmen terhadap kinerja pegawai, terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja pegawai.