bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Past ice-sheet behaviour: retreat scenarios and changing controls in the Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Halberstadt Anna Ruth W. , Simkins Lauren M. , Greenwood Sarah L. , Anderson John B.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Studying the history of ice-sheet behaviour in the Ross Sea, Antarctica's largest drainage basin can improve our understanding of patterns and controls on marine-based ice-sheet dynamics and provide constraints for numerical ice-sheet models. Newly collected high-resolution multibeam bathymetry data, combined with two decades of legacy multibeam and seismic data, are used to map glacial landforms and reconstruct palaeo ice-sheet drainage. During the Last Glacial Maximum, grounded ice reached the continental shelf edge in the eastern but not western Ross Sea. Recessional geomorphic features in the western Ross Sea indicate virtually continuous back-stepping of the ice-sheet grounding line. In the eastern Ross Sea, well-preserved linear features and a lack of small-scale recessional landforms signify rapid lift-off of grounded ice from the bed. Physiography exerted a first-order control on regional ice behaviour, while sea floor geology played an important subsidiary role. Previously published deglacial scenarios for Ross Sea are based on low-spatial-resolution marine data or terrestrial observations; however, this study uses high-resolution basin-wide geomorphology to constrain grounding-line retreat on the continental shelf. Our analysis of retreat patterns suggests that (1) retreat from the western Ross Sea was complex due to strong physiographic controls on ice-sheet drainage; (2) retreat was asynchronous across the Ross Sea and between troughs; (3) the eastern Ross Sea largely deglaciated prior to the western Ross Sea following the formation of a large grounding-line embayment over Whales Deep; and (4) our glacial geomorphic reconstruction converges with recent numerical models that call for significant and complex East Antarctic ice sheet and West Antarctic ice sheet contributions to the ice flow in the Ross Sea.
Colonização de trabalhadores de áreas de apoio hospitalar por Staphylococcus sp.: aspectos epidemiológicos e microbiológicos
Authors: Vilefort Larissa Oliveira Rocha , Vasconcelos Lara Stefânia Netto de Oliveira Leão , Costa Dayane de Melo , Lima Ana Beatriz Mori , Peleja Edgar Berquó , Prado Marinésia Aparecida do
Published: May 2016

Objetivou-se determinar a prevalência de trabalhadores colonizados por Staphylococcus sp., identificar preditores à colonização e avaliar a suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos dos isolados. Realizou-se aplicação de questionário e coleta de saliva de 130 trabalhadores de áreas de apoio de uma instituição oncológica. Análise microbiológica foi realizada segundo procedimentos padronizados. A prevalência de trabalhadores colonizados por Staphylococcus sp. foi 37,7%, sendo a maioria dos isolados Staphylococcus coagulase-negative. Resistência à meticilina foi detectada em 35,1% dos Staphylococcus coagulase-negative, sendo 12 S. epidermidis e um S. haemolyticus, destes 92,3% possuíam gene mecA. Todos S. aureus foram sensíveis à meticilina. Turno e setor de trabalho foram identificados como preditores para colonização. A colonização de trabalhadores de áreas de apoio que assistem pacientes oncológicos indica que também sejam alvos de políticas de saúde ocupacional que deveriam incluir medidas pré e pós-colonização a serem investigadas/discutidas em estudos futuros com vistas à segurança do trabalhador e do paciente.
Identificação de sintomas depressivos no período pós-parto em mães adolescentes
Authors: Cardillo Vanessa Agustinho , Oliveira Lisiane Camargo Quialheiro de , Monteiro Juliana Cristina dos Santos , Gomes-Sponholz Flávia Azevedo
Published: May 2016

Os objetivos do estudo foram determinar a prevalência de sintomas depressivos em mães adolescentes e caracterizá-las quanto aos aspectos sociodemográficos, comportamentais e de saúde mental. Estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal, desenvolvido em unidades de saúde, com 72 mães adolescentes por meio da Escala de Depressão Pós-parto de Edimburgo (EPDS) e da Escala de Avaliação para Depressão de Hamilton (HAM-D). Dentre as participantes, 20,8% apresentaram sintomas depressivos pela EPDS. As questões mais frequentes foram referentes aos sentimentos de culpa, ansiedade e ideias de fazer mal a si. Destacamos sentimentos de culpa (60%) e sentimentos de que não valia a pena viver (40%). A maioria das participantes (73,3%) não reconheceu que estava deprimida. Os resultados atentam para a importância do acompanhamento pré-natal individualizado, onde seja possível conhecer as vulnerabilidades, aspectos psicossociais pessoais e familiares, incluir o rastreamento de sintomas depressivos na anamnese e utilizar na rede de atenção, a referência e contra-referência.
Análise do Diagnóstico de Enfermagem baixo peso em adolescentes de escolas públicas
Authors: Vieira Caroline Evelin Nascimento Kluczynik , Dantas Dândara Nayara Azevedo , Oliveira Déborah Raquel Carvalho de , Mariz Larissa Soares , Enders Bertha Cruz
Published: May 2016

Objetivou-se analisar o Diagnóstico de Enfermagem baixo peso e fatores relacionados em adolescentes. Estudo transversal desenvolvido em 2013, com 372 adolescentes de escolas estaduais de Natal/RN, submetidos a exame físico e ao preenchimento de formulário. Três grupos foram formados: adolescentes com o Diagnóstico baixo peso (n=52), eutróficos (n=247) e com excesso de peso (n=73). Os dados do terceiro grupo não foram considerados nas comparações. A prevalência de adolescentes com o Diagnóstico baixo peso foi de 14%. Os fatores relacionados a esse diagnóstico foram: baixa renda e escolaridade materna; baixo consumo de leite e queijo; médias inferiores de índice de massa corporal, percentual de gordura e tecido ósseo; médias superiores de água e músculo. Verificou-se elevada prevalência do Diagnóstico de Enfermagem baixo peso em adolescentes. Aspectos socioeconômicos, sociais, alimentares e clínicos apresentaram associação a esse Diagnóstico e, portanto, devem ser alvo de ações de prevenção e intervenção de Enfermagem.
Security issues and threats that may affect the hybrid cloud of FINESCE
Authors: Sánchez Julia , Corral Guiomar , Martín de Pozuelo Ramon , Zaballos Agustín
Published: May 2016

FINESCE is the Smart Energy use case project of the Future Internet Public Private Partnership Programme. It aims at defining an open infrastructure based on Information and Communications Technology (ICT) used to develop new solutions and applications in all fields of Future Internet related to the energy sector. To accomplish this goal a cloud-based environment is proposed, providing high scalability, fast provisioning, resilience and cost efficiency, while facilitating the deployment of applications and services for utilities.The proposed solution for Smart Energy system encompasses Cloud Computing technologies taking advantage of the service delivery models that it provides (Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)) over different cloud deployment solutions (Private, Public, Hybrid, Community). Therefore, it is necessary to study their implications, particularly with regard to security and data privacy, whether in transit or stored data, of the cloud solution chosen.The present paper aims to gather basic security requirements in deploying a solution based on Cloud Computing highlighting issues in hybrid clouds because this is the deployment model used in Smart Energy use case. It also exposes attacks and vulnerabilities related to Cloud Computing to be considered for implementing a secure environment for FIDEV, the private platform implementation. Moreover, the security requirements for Smart Energy use case are defined. And, finally, the results of a security audit performed over the testbed platform that simulates a distributed storage solution for FINESCE project are presented.
Velar palatalization in Chilean public speech
Authors: Flores Tanya L.
Published: May 2016

This is a socio-phonetic study that employs an acoustic analysis and a speech accommodation analysis following a variationist sociolinguistic framework. The acoustic analysis provides a phonetic characterization of the variation of /x/ in Chilean Spanish using spectrographic support, which fills a gap in current literature on this specific sound change. The linear regression analysis and speech accommodation analysis work together to identify the motivators for velar palatalization in this variety of Spanish and its acquisition of overt prestige. The results of this study update previous literature on Chilean palatalization regarding internal and external motivators, while adding variant usage patterns based on interlocutor age effects and speech style differences. Public speech data is used in this study to show the extension of velar palatalization into the most formal registers of Chilean Spanish.
La importancia de la persona docente en la promoción de estrategias colaborativas en ambientes virtuales
Authors: Lazo Alfaro Mónica Margarita
Published: May 2016

En este artículo, la autora analiza la importancia de la persona docente en la promoción de estrategias colaborativas en los ambientes virtuales. Dentro de esta dimensión de la persona docente destaca algunos aspectos que constriñen y posibilitan su acción pedagógica de las cuales depende el éxito de la experiencia educativa virtual y que están mediadas por aspectos de personalidad, conocimientos, competencias comunicativas y motivadoras. Enfatiza aquí la docencia virtual como una opción responsable que implica una formación y una cualificación permanente. Destaca además, la importancia del uso de estrategias colaborativas como mediación pedagógica para aprendizajes significativos cuya acción y éxito está igualmente anclada al rol de la persona docente. Como un apartado final, la autora ejemplifica la función docente en la mediación educativa en entornos virtuales con una experiencia concreta desarrollada con estrategias colaborativas en cursos universitarios donde se detallan los logros, las dificultades y las lecciones aprendidas.Diá-logos 16, 9-20.
Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the prostate treated by radical cystoprostatectomy and chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Kim Sun Wook , Kim Woohyun , Cho Yong-Hyun , Kim Tae-Jung , Woo Insuk , Sohn Dong Wan
Published: May 2016

Primary signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the prostate is very rare. Although SRCC is primarily found in the stomach and colon, it can also be found in the pancreas, breast, thyroid, bladder, and prostate. We recently diagnosed and treated a case of primary SRCC of the prostate. A 56-year-old Korean man was referred to our institution for evaluation of a one-month history of hematuria and recently identified bladder mass. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumour was performed and histological and immunohistochemical evaluation revealed a diagnosis of SRCC with tumour invading into the outer half of the deep muscularis propria. After three weeks, the patient had radical cystoprostatectomy with ileal conduit. Tumour involved both prostate and bladder, but the centre of the tumour was located in the prostate. Duodenoscopy and colon fibroscopy both indicated no evidence of tumour origin in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Overall, this tumour was regarded as primary SRCC of the prostate. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) using leucovorin and fluorouracil was initiated two months later. The patient eventually developed bone and liver metastases and died of hepatopathy.
Disease characteristics and survival outcomes of extragonadal primary germ cell tumour in two Canadian tertiary cancer centres
Authors: Ko Jenny J. , Asif Tehmina , Li Haocheng , Alimohamed Nimira , Nguyen Phuong Thao , Heng Daniel Y.C.
Published: May 2016

Introduction: Extragonadal germ cell tumours (EGCTs) are a heterogeneous group with distinct natural history and responses to treatmentmodalities. We sought to evaluate characteristics and survival outcomes in men with EGCTs.Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis on a consecutive list of men diagnosed with EGCT in two Albertan cancer centres between 1990 and 2013. Demographic characteristics and outcomes, stratified by primary site, were evaluated.Results: Sixty-nine cases were identified. The median age was 29 (range 15–76) and 48 cases (70%) were non-seminomatous. Twenty-four (35%) belonged to International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) favourable risk group, 14 (20%) to intermediate, and 31 (45%) to poor. Thirty (43%) had mediastinal primary (MPs); 29 were treated with first-line bleomycin, etoposide,and cisplatin (BEP). Seventeen (57%) relapses occurred, of which three patients achieved long-term survival. Seventeen (25%) had a central nervous system (CNS) primary, with eight (47%) classic germinoma. Seven (41%) received primary chemotherapy alone; 5 (29%) received primary radiotherapy alone, and 5 (29%) received both. Nineteen (28%) had a retroperitoneal primary (RPs) and received first-line chemotherapy; all but two received BEP and eight (42%) had surgical resection. Three (5%) had other or unknown primary. Five-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival for all patients were 56% and 44%, respectively; for MPs, 44% and 34%; for CNS primary, 76% and 53%; for RPs, 58% and 53%. Factors that correlated with decreased OS were elevated alpha fetoprotein (AFP) (p<0.001) or human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) (p=0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (p=0.028), bone metastasis (p<0.001), lung metastasis (p<0.001).Conclusions: EGCT is a rare, but important subset of GCT. Patients with EGCTs, despite aggressive treatments, still have poorer outcomes than gonadal primary.
An unusual case of polyembolokoilamania: Urethral avulsion from foreign object use during sexual gratification
Authors: Chan Garson , Mamut Adiel , Tatzel Stephanie , Welk Blayne
Published: May 2016

Polyembolokoilamania is the insertion of foreign objects into body orifices for sexual gratification. While the retrieval of these objects from the urethra and bladder is a well-known task among urologists, we present a rare case of an usual and serious injury from this practice: complete avulsion of the urethra at the penoscrotal junction. A single-stage urethroplasty was used to reconstruct the urethra with good result. The patient motivation, as well as concomitant medical or psychological conditions, should be explored in order to prevent further occurences.
A Comparative Analysis of Lexical Bundles Used by Native and Non-native Scholars
Authors: Gungor Fatih , Uysal Hacer Hande
Published: May 2016

In the recent years, globalization prepared a ground for English to be the lingua franca of the academia. Thus, most highly prestigious international journals have defined their medium of publications as English. However, even advanced language learners have difficulties in writing their research articles due to the lack of appropriate lexical knowledge and discourse conventions of academia. Considering the fact that the underuse, overuse and misuse of formulaic sequences or lexical bundles are often characterized with non-native writers of English, lexical bundle studies have recently been on the top of the agenda of corpus studies. Although the related literature has represented specific genres or disciplines, no study has scrutinized lexical bundles in the research articles that are written in the educational sciences. Therefore, the current study compared the structural and functional characteristics of the lexical-bundle use in L1 and L2 research articles in English. The results revealed the deviation of the usages of lexical bundles by the non-native speakers of English from the native speaker norms. Furthermore, the results indicated the overuse of clausal or verb-phrase based lexical bundles in the research articles of Turkish scholars while their native counterparts used noun and prepositional phrase-based lexical bundles more than clausal bundles.
Comparison of Mean Platelet Volume in Acute Myocardial Infarction vs. Normal Coronary Angiography
Authors: Rai Alireza , Saidi Mohammadreza , Salehi Nahid , Sahebjamei Farzad , Jalilian Masoud , Janjani Parisa
Published: May 2016

Considering the importance of cardiovascular disease and the role that platelets have in thrombosis formation in the coronary arteries, this study was done in order to assess platelet-related indices in patients who suffered acute myocardial infarction (MI) and compare them with those who had normal coronary angiography results.In this descriptive-analytical study, 200 patients who were admitted to our university hospital due to chest pain were included. The patients were divided into five groups including ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI), non-STEMI, unstable angina (UA), stable angina (SA), and healthy subjects (as control group). Platelet-related indices including platelet count as well asmean platelet volume (MPV) was determined. For this purpose, blood samples were taken from the patients upon admission and platelet count and volume were measured within three hours of admission.There was no statistically significant difference regarding MPV between the study groups (P> 0.05).

MPV did not have any role in diagnosing various types of coronary artery disease (CAD).
Rapid Screening of Ergot Alkaloids in Sclerotia by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sivagnanam Kumaran , Komatsu Emy , Patrick Susan , Rampitsch Christoph , Perreault Hélène , Gräfenhan Tom
Published: May 2016

Ergot is a common disease of wheat and other cereal grains that is predominantly caused by Claviceps purpurea in the field, often affecting crop yield in addition to the environment. Infected grain can be contaminated with dark sclerotia, which contain fungal metabolites such as ergot alkaloids. The occurrence of ergot alkaloids in cereal grain is a major health concern for humans and livestock. Effective and rapid screening of these mycotoxins is crucial for producers, processors, and consumers of cereal-based food and feed grain. Established methods of ergot alkaloid screening based on LC-MS or GC-MS require laborious processes. A novel method using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)–time-of-flight (TOF) MS was developed to identify four ergot alkaloids. Using dihydroxybenzoic acid as the matrix, ergosine, ergocornine, ergocryptine, and ergocristine were readily detected in individual sclerotia of C. purpurea. The accuracy of the identified ergot alkaloids was further confirmed by tandem MS analysis. MALDI-TOF MS is suitable for high-throughput screening of ergot alkaloids because it permits rapid and accurate identification, simple sample preparation, and no derivatization or chromatographic separation.
Sound Off!: The High School Mathematics Curriculum—What Can We Learn from History?
Authors: Reys Robert , Reys Barbara
Published: May 2016

This op-ed piece gives a historical perspective on curriculum change.
Errors in Mathematics Aren't Always Bad
Authors: Gordon Sheldon P.
Published: May 2016

We tell students that mathematical errors should be avoided, but understanding errors is an important tool in developing numerical methods.
Delving into Limits of Sequences
Authors: Cory Beth , Smith Ken W.
Published: May 2016

Through these calculus activities, students reach an understanding of the formal limit concept in a way that enables them to construct the formal symbolic definition on their own.
Activities for Students: The Hands Project
Authors: Mahoney John F.
Published: May 2016

The author presents an activity in which the lines in students' hands are analyzed, with curves and lines fit to each one.
Technology Tips: Constructing the Square Root of a Complex Number
Authors: Livermore John M.
Published: May 2016

The author uses The Geometer's Sketchpad first to construct the square root of an arbitrary real number and then to construct the square root of a complex number.
The Back Page: My Favorite Lesson: What's the Difference?
Authors: Meredith Joyce M.
Published: May 2016

A short, easy lesson to introduce standard deviation involves calculator use and pencil and paper computation.
A novel synaptic plasticity rule explains homeostasis of neuromuscular transmission
Authors: Ouanounou Gilles , Baux Gérard , Bal Thierry
Published: May 2016

Excitability differs among muscle fibers and undergoes continuous changes during development and growth, yet the neuromuscular synapse maintains a remarkable fidelity of execution. Here we show in two evolutionarily distant vertebrates (Xenopus laevis cell culture and mouse nerve-muscle ex-vivo) that the skeletal muscle cell constantly senses, through two identified calcium signals, synaptic events and their efficacy in eliciting spikes. These sensors trigger retrograde signal(s) that control presynaptic neurotransmitter release, resulting in synaptic potentiation or depression. In the absence of spikes, synaptic events trigger potentiation. Once the synapse is sufficiently strong to initiate spiking, the occurrence of these spikes activates a negative retrograde feedback. These opposing signals dynamically balance the synapse in order to continuously adjust neurotransmitter release to a level matching current muscle cell excitability.
The wiring diagram of a glomerular olfactory system
Authors: Berck Matthew E , Khandelwal Avinash , Claus Lindsey , Hernandez-Nunez Luis , Si Guangwei , Tabone Christopher J , Li Feng , Truman James W , Fetter Rick D , Louis Matthieu , Samuel Aravinthan DT , Cardona Albert
Published: May 2016

The sense of smell enables animals to react to long-distance cues according to learned and innate valences. Here, we have mapped with electron microscopy the complete wiring diagram of the Drosophila larval antennal lobe, an olfactory neuropil similar to the vertebrate olfactory bulb. We found a canonical circuit with uniglomerular projection neurons (uPNs) relaying gain-controlled ORN activity to the mushroom body and the lateral horn. A second, parallel circuit with multiglomerular projection neurons (mPNs) and hierarchically connected local neurons (LNs) selectively integrates multiple ORN signals already at the first synapse. LN-LN synaptic connections putatively implement a bistable gain control mechanism that either computes odor saliency through panglomerular inhibition, or allows some glomeruli to respond to faint aversive odors in the presence of strong appetitive odors. This complete wiring diagram will support experimental and theoretical studies towards bridging the gap between circuits and behavior.
The leak channel NALCN controls tonic firing and glycolytic sensitivity of substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons
Authors: Lutas Andrew , Lahmann Carolina , Soumillon Magali , Yellen Gary
Published: May 2016

Certain neuron types fire spontaneously at high rates, an ability that is crucial for their function in brain circuits. The spontaneously active GABAergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), a major output of the basal ganglia, provide tonic inhibition of downstream brain areas. A depolarizing 'leak' current supports this firing pattern, but its molecular basis remains poorly understood. To understand how SNr neurons maintain tonic activity, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to determine the transcriptome of individual mouse SNr neurons. We discovered that SNr neurons express the sodium leak channel, NALCN, and that SNr neurons lacking NALCN have impaired spontaneous firing. In addition, NALCN is involved in the modulation of excitability by changes in glycolysis and by activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Our findings suggest that disruption of NALCN could impair the basal ganglia circuit, which may underlie the severe motor deficits in humans carrying mutations in NALCN.
Massive normalization of olfactory bulb output in mice with a 'monoclonal nose'
Authors: Roland Benjamin , Jordan Rebecca , Sosulski Dara L , Diodato Assunta , Fukunaga Izumi , Wickersham Ian , Franks Kevin M , Schaefer Andreas T , Fleischmann Alexander
Published: May 2016

Perturbations in neural circuits can provide mechanistic understanding of the neural correlates of behavior. In M71 transgenic mice with a “monoclonal nose”, glomerular input patterns in the olfactory bulb are massively perturbed and olfactory behaviors are altered. To gain insights into how olfactory circuits can process such degraded inputs we characterized odor-evoked responses of olfactory bulb mitral cells and interneurons. Surprisingly, calcium imaging experiments reveal that mitral cell responses in M71 transgenic mice are largely normal, highlighting a remarkable capacity of olfactory circuits to normalize sensory input. In vivo whole cell recordings suggest that feedforward inhibition from olfactory bulb periglomerular cells can mediate this signal normalization. Together, our results identify inhibitory circuits in the olfactory bulb as a mechanistic basis for many of the behavioral phenotypes of mice with a “monoclonal nose” and highlight how substantially degraded odor input can be transformed to yield meaningful olfactory bulb output.
Engineering vanilloid-sensitivity into the rat TRPV2 channel
Authors: Zhang Feng , Hanson Sonya M , Jara-Oseguera Andres , Krepkiy Dmitriy , Bae Chanhyung , Pearce Larry V , Blumberg Peter M , Newstead Simon , Swartz Kenton J
Published: May 2016

The TRPV1 channel is a detector of noxious stimuli, including heat, acidosis, vanilloid compounds and lipids. The gating mechanisms of the related TRPV2 channel are poorly understood because selective high affinity ligands are not available, and the threshold for heat activation is extremely high (>50°C). Cryo-EM structures of TRPV1 and TRPV2 reveal that they adopt similar structures, and identify a putative vanilloid binding pocket near the internal side of TRPV1. Here we use biochemical and electrophysiological approaches to investigate the resiniferatoxin(RTx) binding site in TRPV1 and to explore the functional relationships between TRPV1 and TRPV2. Collectively, our results support the interaction of vanilloids with the proposed RTx binding pocket, and demonstrate an allosteric influence of a tarantula toxin on vanilloid binding. Moreover, we show that sensitivity to RTx can be engineered into TRPV2, demonstrating that the gating and permeation properties of this channel are similar to TRPV1.
Avoiding a lost generation of scientists
Authors: Taylor Justin Q , Kovacik Peter , Traer James , Zakahi Philip , Oslowski Christine , Widge Alik S , Glorioso Christin A
Published: May 2016

By sharing their experiences, early-career scientists can help to make the case for increased government funding for researchers.
Rectification of Lamb wave propagation in thin plates with piezo-dielectric periodic structures
Authors: Iwasaki Yuhei , Tsuruta Kenji , Ishikawa Atsushi
Published: May 2016

Based on a heterostructured plate consisting of piezoelectric-ceramic/epoxy-resin composites with different periodicities, we design a novel acoustic diode for the symmetrical/asymmetrical (S/A) mode of Lamb wave at audible ranges. The acoustic diode is constructed with two parts, i.e., the mode conversion part and the mode selection part, and the mode conversion mechanism at the interface is applied to the mode hybridization from S to S+A and for the mode conversion from A to S. The phonon band structures for each part are calculated and optimized so that the mode selection is realized for a specific mode at the junction. Finite-element simulations prove that the proposed acoustic diode achieves efficient rectification at audio frequency ranges for both S and A mode incidences of the Lamb wave.
Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide addition on ultrasonic degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Shimakage Kaho , Kobayashi Daisuke , Naya Masakazu , Matsumoto Hideyuki , Shimada Yuichiro , Otake Katsuto , Shono Atsushi
Published: May 2016

The ultrasonic degradation of methylene blue was carried out in the absence and presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a radical scavenger for various frequencies, and the effects of DMSO addition on the degradation rate constant estimated by assuming first-order kinetics were investigated. The degradation reaction rate decreased with DMSO addition, and hydroxyl radicals were observed to play important roles in the degradation of methylene blue. However, the degradation reaction did not stop with DMSO addition, and the degradation rate constant in the presence of DMSO was not affected by ultrasonic frequency.
Arctic layer salinity controls heat loss from deep Atlantic layer in seasonally ice‐covered areas of the Barents Sea
Authors: Lind Sigrid , Ingvaldsen Randi B. , Furevik Tore
Published: May 2016

In the seasonally ice‐covered northern Barents Sea an intermediate layer of cold and relatively fresh Arctic Water at ~25–110 m depth isolates the sea surface and ice cover from a layer of warm and saline Atlantic Water below, a situation that resembles the cold halocline layer in the Eurasian Basin. The upward heat flux from the Atlantic layer is of major concern. What causes variations in the heat flux and how is the Arctic layer maintained? Using observations, we found that interannual variability in Arctic layer salinity determines the heat flux from the Atlantic layer through its control of stratification and vertical mixing. A relatively fresh Arctic layer effectively suppresses the upward heat flux, while a more saline Arctic layer enhances the heat flux. The corresponding upward salt flux causes a positive feedback. The Arctic layer salinity and the water column structures have been remarkably stable during 1970–2011.
Conduit dynamics and post explosion degassing on Stromboli: A combined UV camera and numerical modeling treatment
Authors: Pering T. D. , McGonigle A. J. S. , James M. R. , Tamburello G. , Aiuppa A. , Delle Donne D. , Ripepe M.
Published: May 2016

Recent gas flux measurements have shown that Strombolian explosions are often followed by periods of elevated flux, or “gas codas,” with durations of order a minute. Here we present UV camera data from 200 events recorded at Stromboli volcano to constrain the nature of these codas for the first time, providing estimates for combined explosion plus coda SO2 masses of ≈18–225 kg. Numerical simulations of gas slug ascent show that substantial proportions of the initial gas mass can be distributed into a train of “daughter bubbles” released from the base of the slug, which we suggest, generate the codas, on bursting at the surface. This process could also cause transitioning of slugs into cap bubbles, significantly reducing explosivity. This study is the first attempt to combine high temporal resolution gas flux data with numerical simulations of conduit gas flow to investigate volcanic degassing dynamics.
A comparison between large‐scale irregularities and scintillations in the polar ionosphere
Authors: Wang Y. , Zhang Q.‐H. , Jayachandran P. T. , Lockwood M. , Zhang S.‐R. , Moen J. , Xing Z.‐Y. , Ma Y.‐Z. , Lester M.
Published: May 2016

A comparison tool has been developed by mapping the global GPS total electron content (TEC) and large coverage of ionospheric scintillations together on the geomagnetic latitude/magnetic local time coordinates. Using this tool, a comparison between large‐scale ionospheric irregularities and scintillations is pursued during a geomagnetic storm. Irregularities, such as storm enhanced density, middle‐latitude trough, and polar cap patches, are clearly identified from the TEC maps. At the edges of these irregularities, clear scintillations appeared but their behaviors were different. Phase scintillations (σφ) were almost always larger than amplitude scintillations (S4) at the edges of these irregularities, associated with bursty flows or flow reversals with large density gradients. An unexpected scintillation feature appeared inside the modeled auroral oval where S4 were much larger than σφ, most likely caused by particle precipitations around the exiting polar cap patches.
Evidence and effects of the sunrise enhancement of the equatorial vertical plasma drift in the F region ionosphere
Authors: Zhang Ruilong , Liu Libo , Le Huijun , Chen Yiding
Published: May 2016

Recent studies based on the satellite observations demonstrated that the equatorial vertical plasma drift can also enhance near sunrise in a way similar to the prereversal enhancement. However, it is not clear whether the signature of this sunrise enhancement appears in observations with other sounding techniques. In this work, we explore the Jicamarca (12°S, 283.2°E) incoherent scatter radar measurements to present the evidence of sunrise enhancement in vertical plasma drift on 12 May and 10 June 2004, which are under magnetically quiet and solar minimum conditions. The effects of the sunrise enhancement on the ionosphere are, for the first time, investigated by analyzing the ionograms recorded by the Digisonde Portable Sounder at Jicamarca and conducting the Theoretical Ionospheric Model of the Earth in Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The observations showed that, during the sunrise enhancement, the F2 layer peak height is lifted remarkably, and the F2 layer peak density and bottomside electron density tend to decrease compared to the days without sunrise enhancements. The simulations indicated that the sunrise enhancement drift can lift the equatorial ionosphere to higher heights and distort the equatorial electron density profiles. What is more, the simulations display an F3 layer in the equatorial F region during the sunrise enhancement, and a new F2 layer develops at lower altitudes under the jointed control of the usual photochemical and dynamical processes.
The observed compression and expansion of the F2 ionosphere as a major component of ionospheric variability
Authors: Lynn K. J. W , Gardiner‐Garden R. S. , Heitmann A.
Published: May 2016

This paper examines a number of sources of ionospheric variability and demonstrates that they have relationships in common which are currently not recognized. The paper initially deals with medium to large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances. Following sections deal with nontraveling ionospheric disturbance (TID) ionospheric variations which are often repetitious from day to day. The latter includes the temporary rise in F2 height associated with sunset in equatorial latitudes resulting from strong upward drift in ionization driven by an E × B force. The following fall in height is often referred to as the premidnight collapse and is accompanied by a temporary increase in foF2 as a result of ionospheric compression. An entirely different repetitious phenomenon reported recently from middle latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere consists of strong morning and afternoon peaks in foF2 which define a midday bite‐out and occur at the equinoxes. This behavior has been speculated to be tidal in origin. All the sources of ionospheric variability listed above exhibit similar relationships associated with a temporary expansion and upward lift of the ionospheric profile and a fall involving a compression of the ionospheric profile producing a peak in foF2 at the time of maximum compression. Such ionospheric compression/decompression is followed by a period in which the ionospheric profile recovers. Such relationships in traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) have been noted previously. The present paper establishes for the first time that relationships hitherto seen as occurring only with TIDs are also present in association with other drivers of ionospheric variability.
Recognition Practice Results in a Generalizable Skill in Older Adults: Decreased Intrusion Errors to Novel Objects Belonging to Practiced Categories
Authors: Maxcey Ashleigh M. , Bostic Jessica , Maldonado Ted
Published: May 2016

Accessing memories is often accompanied by both positive and negative consequences. For example, practice recognizing some visual images held in memory can improve memory for the practiced images and hurt memory for related images (i.e., recognition‐induced forgetting). However, visual stimuli have been shown to improve memory for older adults by decreasing false memories. This suggests that older adults may be immune to recognition‐induced forgetting and that recognition practice may decrease susceptibility to intrusion errors. We first tested the hypothesis that older adults are immune to recognition‐induced forgetting. We found older adults exhibit recognition‐induced forgetting. Next, we tested the hypothesis that recognition practice decreases older adult's rates of intrusion errors. We found lower intrusion errors for novel objects from practiced categories. This represents a generalizable learning effect; practice recognizing a target object (e.g., your pill bottle) improves the rejection of new lures (e.g., identifying the pill bottle that is not yours).Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Whole exome sequencing identifies the first STRADA point mutation in a patient with polyhydramnios, megalencephaly, and symptomatic epilepsy syndrome (PMSE)
Authors: Bi Weimin , Glass Ian A. , Muzny Donna M. , Gibbs Richard A. , Eng Christine M. , Yang Yaping , Sun Angela
Published: May 2016

Polyhydramnios, megalencephaly, and symptomatic epilepsy syndrome (PMSE) is an ultra rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe, infantile‐onset intractable epilepsy, neurocognitive delay, macrocephaly, and craniofacial dysmorphism. The molecular diagnosis of this condition has thus far only been made in 16 Old Order Mennonite patients carrying a homozygous 7 kb founder deletion of exons 9–13 of STRADA. We performed clinical whole exome sequencing (WES) on a 4‐year‐old Indian male with global developmental delay, history of failure to thrive, infantile spasms, repetitive behaviors, hypotonia, low muscle mass, marked joint laxity, and dysmorphic facial features including tall forehead, long face, arched eyebrows, small chin, wide mouth, and tented upper lip. A homozygous single nucleotide duplication, c.842dupA (p.D281fs), in exon 10 of STRADA was identified. Sanger sequencing confirmed the mutation in the individual and identified both parents as carriers. In light of the molecular discoveries, the patient's clinical phenotype was considered to be a good fit for PMSE. We identified for the first time a homozygous point mutation in STRADA causing PMSE. Additional bi‐allelic mutations related to PMSE thus far have not been observed in Baylor ∼6,000 consecutive clinical WES cases, supporting the rarity of this disorder. Our findings may have treatment implications for the patient since previous studies have shown rapamycin as a potential therapeutic agent for the seizures and cognitive problems in PMSE patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PARK16 is associated with PD in the Malaysian population
Authors: Gopalai Aroma Agape , Ahmad‐Annuar Azlina , Li Hui‐Hua , Zhao Yi , Lim Shen‐Yang , Tan Ai Huey , Lim Thien Thein , Eow Gaik Bee , Santhi Puvanarajah , Shanthi Viswanathan , Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim , Aziz Zariah Abdul , Lim Soo Kun , Tan Chong Tin , Tan Eng‐King
Published: May 2016

PARK16 was identified as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease in a Japanese cohort; however, subsequent studies in the other populations including the Chinese, European, Caucasian, and Chilean have shown a protective role instead. To investigate this locus in our Malaysian cohort, 1,144 individuals were screened for five SNPs in the PARK16 locus and logistic regression analysis showed that the A allele of the rs947211 SNP reduced the risk of developing PD via a recessive model (Odds ratio 0.57, P‐value 0.0003). Pooled analysis with other Asian studies showed that A allele of the rs947211 SNP decreased the risk of developing PD via a recessive model (Odds ratio 0.71, P‐value 0.0001). In addition, when meta‐analysis was performed with other Asian population, three SNPs (rs823128, rs823156, and rs11240572) reduced risk of developing PD via a dominant model. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EU‐12: A Small‐Pore, High‐Silica Zeolite Containing Sinusoidal Eight‐Ring Channels
Authors: Bae Juna , Cho Jung , Lee Jeong Hwan , Seo Sung Man , Hong Suk Bong
Published: May 2016

Zeolite EU‐12, the framework structure of which has remained unsolved during the past 30 years, is synthesized at a specific SiO2/Al2O3 ratio using choline as an organic structure‐directing agent, with both Na+ and Rb+ ions present. Synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction and Rietveld analyses reveal that the EU‐12 structure has a two‐dimensional 8‐ring channel system. Among the two distinct 8‐ring (4.6×2.8 and 5.0×2.7 Å) channels along c axis, the smaller one interconnects with the sinusoidal 8‐ring (4.8×3.3 Å) channel along a axis. The other large one is simply linked up with the sinusoidal channel by sharing 8‐rings (4.8×2.6 Å) in the ac plane. The proton form of EU‐12 was found to show a considerably higher ethene selectivity in the low‐temperature dehydration of ethanol than H‐mordenite, the best catalyst for this reaction.
Development of a DNA‐Templated Peptide Probe for Photoaffinity Labeling and Enrichment of the Histone Modification Reader Proteins
Authors: Bai Xue , Lu Congcong , Jin Jin , Tian Shanshan , Guo Zhenchang , Chen Pu , Zhai Guijin , Zheng Shuzhen , He Xiwen , Fan Enguo , Zhang Yukui , Zhang Kai
Published: May 2016

Histone post‐translational modifications (HPTMs) provide signal platforms to recruit proteins or protein complexes to regulate gene expression. Therefore, the identification of these recruited partners (readers) is essential to understand the underlying regulatory mechanisms. However, it is still a major challenge to profile these partners because their interactions with HPTMs are rather weak and highly dynamic. Herein we report the development of a HPTM dual probe based on DNA‐templated technology and a photo‐crosslinking method for the identification of HPTM readers. By using the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4, we demonstrated that this HPTM dual probe can be successfully utilized for labeling and enrichment of HPTM readers, as well as for the discovery of potential HPTM partners. This study describes the development of a new chemical proteomics tool for profiling HPTM readers and can be adapted for broad biomedical applications.
Uptake of Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Solution by Encapsulation in Acyclic Cucurbit[n]uril‐Type Molecular Containers
Authors: Lu Xiaoyong , Isaacs Lyle
Published: May 2016

The ability of two water‐soluble acyclic cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) type containers, whose hydrophobic cavity is defined by a glycoluril tetramer backbone and terminal aromatic (benzene, naphthalene) sidewalls, to act as solubilizing agents for hydrocarbons in water is described. 1H NMR spectroscopy studies and phase‐solubility diagrams establish that the naphthalene‐walled container performs as well as, or better than, CB[7] and CB[8] in promoting the uptake of poorly soluble hydrocarbons into aqueous solution through formation of host–hydrocarbon complexes. The naphthalene‐walled acyclic CB[n] container is able to extract large hydrocarbons from crude oil into aqueous solution.
Why direct effects of predation complicate the social brain hypothesis
Authors: van der Bijl Wouter , Kolm Niclas
Published: May 2016

A growing number of studies have found that large brains may help animals survive by avoiding predation. These studies provide an alternative explanation for existing correlative evidence for one of the dominant hypotheses regarding the evolution of brain size in animals, the social brain hypothesis (SBH). The SBH proposes that social complexity is a major evolutionary driver of large brains. However, if predation both directly selects for large brains and higher levels of sociality, correlations between sociality and brain size may be spurious. We argue that tests of the SBH should take direct effects of predation into account, either by explicitly including them in comparative analyses or by pin‐pointing the brain‐behavior‐fitness pathway through which the SBH operates. Existing data and theory on social behavior can then be used to identify precise candidate mechanisms and formulate new testable predictions.
Continuous body emotion recognition system during theater performances
Authors: Senecal Simon , Cuel Louis , Aristidou Andreas , Magnenat‐Thalmann Nadia
Published: May 2016

Understanding emotional human behavior in its multimodal and continuous aspect is necessary for studying human machine interaction and creating constituent social agents. As a first step, we propose a system for continuous emotional behavior recognition expressed by people during communication based on their gesture and their whole body dynamical motion. The features used to classify the motion are inspired by the Laban Movement Analysis entities and are mapped onto the well‐known Russell Circumplex Model . We choose a specific case study that corresponds to an ideal case of multimodal behavior that emphasizes the body motion expression: theater performance. Using a trained neural network and annotated data, our system is able to describe the motion behavior as trajectories on the Russell Circumplex Model diagram during theater performances over time. This work contributes to the understanding of human behavior and expression and is a first step through a complete continuous emotion recognition system whose next step will be adding facial expressions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Heronamides A–C: Stereochemical Confirmation and Impact of Long‐Range Stereochemical Communication on the Biological Activity
Authors: Kanoh Naoki , Itoh Shunya , Fujita Kohei , Sakanishi Kohei , Sugiyama Ryosuke , Terajima Yuta , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu , Nishimura Shinichi , Kakeya Hideaki
Published: May 2016

Heronamides are biosynthetically related metabolites isolated from marine‐derived actinomycetes. Heronamide C shows potent antifungal activity by targeting membrane phospholipids possessing saturated hydrocarbon chains with as‐yet‐unrevealed modes of action. In spite of their curious hypothesized biosynthesis and fascinating biological activities, there have been conflicts in regard to the reported stereochemistries of heronamides. Here, we describe the asymmetric total synthesis of the originally proposed and revised structures of heronamide C, which unambiguously confirmed the chemical structure of this molecule. We also demonstrated nonenzymatic synthesis of heronamides A and B from heronamide C, which not only proved the postulated biosynthesis, but also confirmed the correct structures of heronamides A and B. Investigation of the structure–activity relationship of synthetic and natural heronamides revealed the importance of both long‐range stereochemical communication and the 20‐membered macrolactam ring for the biological activity of these compounds.
The Total Synthesis of Starfish Ganglioside GP3 Bearing a Unique Sialyl Glycan Architecture
Authors: Goto Kenta , Sawa Maki , Tamai Hideki , Imamura Akihiro , Ando Hiromune , Ishida Hideharu , Kiso Makoto
Published: May 2016

The total synthesis of ganglioside GP3, which is found in the starfish Asterina pectinifera, has been accomplished through stereoselective and effective glycosylation reactions. The sialic acid embedded octasaccharide moiety of the target compound was constructed by [4+4] convergent coupling. A tetrasaccharyl donor and acceptor that contained internal sialic acid residues were synthesized with an orthogonally protected N‐Troc sialic acid donor as the key common synthetic unit, and they underwent highly stereoselective glycosidation. The resulting sialosides were subsequently transformed into reactive glycosyl acceptors. [4+4] coupling furnished the octasaccharide framework in 91 % yield as a single stereoisomer. Final conjugation of the octasaccharyl donor and glucosyl ceramide acceptor produced the protected target compound in high yield, which underwent global deprotection to successfully deliver ganglioside GP3.
ChemInform Abstract: Candidate Materials for the Sulfur Electrode Current Collector.
Authors: TISCHER R. P. , WINTERBOTTOM W. L. , WROBLOWA H. S.
Published: May 2016

Certain Al/SiC composites combine corrosion resistance with high conductivity and potential ability to produce inexpensive well‐adhering linings or coatings.