bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and gene expression analysis of circulating tumor cells with high expression of KRAS in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zheng Zhiqiang , Chen Zhichao , Lin Yonghua , Wei Jianfeng
Published: September 2023

This study aims to establish a highly sensitive and specific method for single cell screening and identification of KRAS+/epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAMs)/vimentin+/pancreatic cancer circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and to explore the clinical implications in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. A single cell separation and identification system for pancreatic cancer CTCs was constructed based on the preparation of KRAS immunolipid magnetic spheres. The function of the system was evaluated, the physical parameters of the immunoliposomes (IMLs) were characterized, and the isolation effect of the IMLs on CTCs was studied and compared with EpCAM and vimentin phenotypic CTCs. CTCs in the peripheral blood of 50 patients with pancreatic cancer confirmed by preoperative CT diagnosis and postoperative pathology were isolated and identified. The isolated CTCs were stained with CK immune antibody, observed, and identified, the number of CTCs was counted, and the relationship between the CTC count and the clinical malignant grade markers and grade indicators was examined. The consistency of the KRAS mutation rate between CTCs and tissues was analyzed and compared. It was found that the circulating tumor cell sorting system with a high expression of KRAS-ML could effectively enrich the circulating tumor cells with a positive expression of KRAS in pancreatic cancer. The pancreatic cancer CTC sorting and single-cell gene detection system can be used as a new detection technology of peripheral blood CTCs in patients with pancreatic cancer. As a minimally invasive liquid biopsy method, this technology has significant clinical practice implications for pancreatic cancer detection and effectiveness assessment.
Effect of gravity modulation on weakly nonlinear bio-thermal convection in a porous medium layer
Authors: Kopp M. I. , Yanovsky V. V.
Published: September 2023

Investigating thermal convection within porous media permeated by fluids and micro-organisms stands as a significant inquiry with broad relevance across geophysical and engineering domains. Studying convection within porous media can aid in controlling temperature and nutrient distribution for cell growth and tissue regeneration, as well as the efficiency of biofuel fermentation and production processes. Hence, the primary objective of this study is to investigate the influence of time-periodic gravitational forces on Darcy–Brinkman bio-thermal convection within a porous medium layer. This medium is saturated with a Newtonian fluid that encompasses gyrotactic micro-organisms. The gravity modulation amplitude is assumed to be very small. A weak nonlinear stability analysis is performed to analyze the stationary mode of bioconvection. The heat transport, measured by the Nusselt number, is governed by a non-autonomous Ginzburg–Landau equation. The research explores the influence of several parameters on heat transport, including the Vadaszs number, the modified bioconvective Rayleigh–Darcy number, cell eccentricity, modulation frequency, and modulation amplitude. The results are presented graphically, illustrating the impact of these parameters on heat transfer. The findings reveal that both the Vadaszs number and the modulation amplitude have a positive effect on heat transfer, enhancing the process. On the other hand, an increase in the modified bioconvection Rayleigh–Darcy number and cell eccentricity leads to a decrease in heat transfer. Furthermore, a comparison between the modulated and unmodulated systems indicates that the modulated systems have a more significant influence on the stability problem compared to the unmodulated systems. This highlights the effectiveness of external modulation in controlling heat transport within the system.
Addressing the end-of-life actions in the National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards (2nd edn): a national survey
Authors: Button Elise , Baniahmadi Sara , Chambers Shirley , Yates Patsy
Published: September 2023

Objectives To describe current and planned processes and outcome measures to address implementation of the six end-of-life actions in the National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standards (2nd edn) and explore associated barriers and enablers. Methods This study used an exploratory mixed methods national survey of acute healthcare facilities between September 2018 and March 2019. This study involved public and private facilities (N = 765) that provided end-of-life care, which are required to be accredited to the NSQHS Standards. Participants include those responsible for reporting implementation of end-of-life care actions at a facility providing end-of-life care. Participants were asked what processes and outcome measures were implemented or being planned to address the end-of-life care actions, and the associated barriers and enablers. Results Fifty respondents (6.5% response rate) from across Australia contributed data, reporting greater confidence in addressing Actions 5.16: Clinicians have access to Specialist Palliative Care Services; 5.17: Advance care plans can be received from patients and stored in medical records; and 5.18: Supervision and support is available for workforce providing end-of-life care. Barriers associated with the actions that were the most challenging to address included: competing clinical priorities, and insufficient resources to provide best practice end-of-life care; and the burdensome nature of conducting audits. Enablers included: (1) local, jurisdictional, and national strategic plans and policies; (2) support from Specialist Palliative Care Services; (3) access to resources and data; (4) standardised approaches to implementation and measuring outcomes; and (5) clinician, consumer and community engagement and education on end-of-life care. Conclusion Enablers and barriers in implementing the six end-of-life care actions were identified. Respondents reported that high-level support and direction, system-wide approaches, practical clinical support, and widespread community and clinician engagement would enable their facility to better address the end-of-life actions.
The search for linguistically coherent accents
Authors: Cole Amanda , Strycharczuk Patrycja
Published: September 2023

Linguistic research refers to many related accents in Southeast England: Standard Southern British English (SSBE), Received Pronunciation (RP), Estuary English (EE), Cockney and Multicultural London English (MLE). However, there is inconsistency and imprecision in the demarcation of these accents based on linguistic and social factors. This paper delineates accents in Southeast England based on patterns of linguistic co-variation which we then relate to social predictors. We applied functional Principal Component Analysis to F1 and F2 measurements for diphthongs extracted from wordlist and passage productions for 193 young, south-eastern speakers. Principal Components were entered into a clustering analysis that identified patterns of linguistic co-occurrence. Three clusters emerge, broadly aligning with SSBE, MLE and EE for both linguistic and social factors. We illustrate the linguistic centre of gravity of the three diphthong systems for use as reference points in future research, and we discuss the need to make explicit how accents are defined.
CLIL teacher beliefs as they emerge working in tandem
Authors: Alas Ene , Ljalikova Aleksandra , Jung Merle
Published: September 2023

The current article investigates the beliefs of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) subject and language
teacher tandems in a situation where they worked in close contact to design and deliver a CLIL course. The aim was to discover their
underlying beliefs concerning setting learning goals, developing academic language proficiency, using authentic materials and cooperative
tasks, and managing assessment. The Interpretative Phenomenological Approach revealed both overlapping and idiosyncratic beliefs involving
all of the focal aspects. Common beliefs included the dominance of subject learning goals over language goals, the need to develop academic
language proficiency, the use of authentic materials and cooperative tasks as sources of subject knowledge and skills, as well as the need
to involve appropriate assessment in the process. Differences included flexibility in the process of goal setting, the definition of
academic language proficiency, the meaning of authentic learning materials and the repertoire of tools available for scaffolding learning
and managing assessment.
What looks native-like may not necessarily be native-like
Authors: Xu Lilong , Yuan Boping
Published: September 2023

A substantial body of research has investigated null arguments in L2 Chinese, showing that they can be
native-like. However, recent linguistic research has demonstrated convincingly that some ‘missing’ arguments in Chinese should be
viewed not as ‘null’ arguments but as a result of movement and ellipsis. These advances necessitate a revaluation of the issue of
‘null’ arguments in previous L2 studies which largely overlooked the role of ellipsis in accounting for missing arguments in L2
Chinese. To fill the lacuna, this study recognises the above recent advances and examines whether missing objects in English
speakers’ L2 Chinese parallel sentences are a result of verb raising and VP ellipsis and are genuinely native-like. Results of a
picture-description task and an acceptability judgement task suggest that although L2ers, like native Chinese speakers, can accept
and produce missing objects in Chinese, their native-like performance is driven by mechanisms different from those of native
Chinese speakers (i.e., the missing objects are erroneously used as null objects in L2 Chinese). The findings advance our
understanding of L1 vs. L2 different mechanisms for phonetically unrealised objects in Chinese, suggesting that what looks
native-like in L2 may not necessarily be native-like.
A nucleotide diphosphate kinase mediates tethering between mitochondria prior to fusion
Authors: Ikeda Arisa , Iijima Miho , Sesaki Hiromi
Published: September 2023

Mitochondrial fusion plays an important role in both their structure and function. In this issue, Su et al. (2023. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202301091) report that a nucleoside diphosphate kinase, NME3, facilitates mitochondrial tethering prior to fusion through its direct membrane-binding and hexamerization but not its kinase activity.
Ultra-broadband solar energy absorber based on Ti and TiN from visible to mid-infrared
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Zuoxin , Feng Hengli , Zhou Yaxin , Sun Pengfei , Nie Sihan , Su Lijing , Gao Yang
Published: September 2023

In this work, a metamaterial absorber based on titanium (Ti) and titanium nitride (TiN) is proposed. Theoretical calculation by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method shows that the absorber could achieve a bandwidth of 3720 nm in the spectrum range of 280 nm − 4000 nm. The average absorptivity of the absorber can reach 96.9%. The physical mechanism of the absorber is analyzed from the impedance matching theory and electromagnetic field distribution. Furthermore, simulation results illustrate that the absorber is polarization-insensitive and allows a wide range of incident angles. The absorption spectrum is basically consistent with that of air mass 1.5 (AM1.5). And it can achieve high thermal conversion efficiencies over a wide range of temperatures. These results indicate that the absorber has a good development prospect in solar energy collection.
Extracting the gamma-ray source-count distribution below the Fermi-LAT detection limit with deep learning
Authors: Amerio A. , Cuoco A. , Fornengo N.
Published: September 2023

We reconstruct the extra-galactic gamma-ray source-count distribution, or dN/dS, of resolved and unresolved sources by adopting machine learning techniques. Specifically, we train a convolutional neural network on synthetic 2-dimensional sky-maps, which are built by varying parameters of underlying source-counts models and incorporate
the Fermi-LAT instrumental response functions. The trained neural network is then applied to the Fermi-LAT data, from which we estimate the source count distribution down to flux levels a factor of 50 below the Fermi-LAT threshold.
We perform our analysis using 14 years of data collected in the (1,10) GeV energy range. The results we obtain show a source count distribution which, in the resolved regime, is in excellent agreement with the one derived from cataloged sources, and then extends as dN/dS ∼ S
-2 in the unresolved regime, down to fluxes of 5 · 10-12 cm-2 s-1. The neural network architecture and the devised methodology have the flexibility to enable future analyses to study the energy dependence of the source-count distribution.
Bayesian analysis for rotational curves with ℓ-boson stars as a dark matter component
Authors: Navarro-Boullosa Atalia , Bernal Argelia , Vazquez J. Alberto
Published: September 2023

Using Low Brightness Surface Galaxies (LBSG) rotational curves we inferred the free parameters of ℓ-boson stars as a dark matter component. The ℓ-boson stars are numerical solutions to the non-relativistic limit of the Einstein-Klein-Gordon system, the Schrödinger-Poisson (SP) system. These solutions are parametrized by an angular momentum number ℓ = (N - 1)/2 and an excitation number n. We perform a bayesian analysis by modifying the SimpleMC code to perform the parameter inference, for the cases with ℓ = 0, ℓ = 1 and multi-states of ℓ-boson stars. We used the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion and the Bayes factor to compare the excited state (ℓ=1) and the multi-state case with the ground state (ℓ=0) as the base model due to its simplicity. We found that the data in most galaxies in the sample favours the multi-states case and that the scalar field mass tends to be slightly bigger than the ground state case.
Universal basis underlying temperature, pressure and size induced dynamical evolution in metallic glass-forming liquids
Authors: Zhang 张 H P 华平 , Fan 范 B B 蓓蓓 , Wu 吴 J Q 佳琦 , Li 李 M Z 茂枝
Published: September 2023

The dramatic temperature-dependence of liquids dynamics has attracted considerable scientific interests and efforts in the past decades, but the physics of which remains elusive. In addition to temperature, some other parameters, such as pressure, loading and size, can also tune the liquid dynamics and induce glass transition, which makes the situation more complicated. Here, we performed molecular dynamics simulations for Ni50Zr50 bulk liquid and nanodroplet to study the dynamics evolution in the complex multivariate phase space, especially along the isotherm with the change of pressure or droplet size. It is found that the short-time Debye–Waller factor universally determines the long-time relaxation dynamics no matter how the temperature, pressure or size changes. The basic correlation even holds at the local atomic scale. This finding provides general understanding of the microscopic mechanism of dynamic arrest and dynamic heterogeneity.
Increasing the efficiency of the forming process by the DRECE method
Authors: Szkandera P , Rusz S , Švec J , Hilšer O , Pastrňák M , Zabystrzan R
Published: September 2023

The DRECE method is a progressive method for forming sheet metal strips using the principle of severe plastic deformation (SPD). The DRECE method is characterized by extruding the sheet metal strip with a forming device which creates a forming angle of 108 ° in the deformation zone. During the practical verification of the DRECE method, it was found that the materials formed by the method show a significant increase in mechanical properties after the first pass through the forming equipment while maintaining sufficient ductility of the materials. With each subsequent pass of the material through the forming device, the mechanical properties increase. For the subsequent industrial use of the DRECE method, the key technological parameter of the forming equipment is the feed speed of the sheet metal strip. At present, the forming device makes it possible to regulate the feed speed of the sheet metal strip in the range of 10 - 100 mm / s. The device allows continuous sensing and recording of torque, extrusion force and feed rate of the sheet metal strip during the forming process. These facts are very important for the subsequent use of the method in industrial practice.
Comparison of physical, mechanical and chemical properties of barrel steel 32CrMoV12-10 and nitriding steel 31CrMoV9 after nitriding in gas
Authors: Coufal V , Hájek J , Průcha V , Šimeček J , Kučerová L , Jirková H
Published: September 2023

32CrMoV12-10 and 31CrMoV9 steels are used not only for components in the automotive industry, but also for firearms parts in the weapons industry. In these applications, high strength and surface layer hardness is required while maintaining the toughness of the core, which is achieved by nitriding. The aim of the work was to determine which of the steels exhibits better physical, mechanical and chemical properties after nitriding in a gaseous atmosphere. Metallographic samples were made to compare the structure of the nitride layer after nitriding. Hardness and fracture toughness were measured and Charpy impact testing and corrosion resistance evaluation were also carried out. The test results revealed that 31CrMoV9 steel shows better physical and chemical properties than 32CrMoV12-10 steel.
Material Properties of Nickel Based Cold Spray by Means of Small Specimens
Authors: Chocholousek M , Bricin D , Spirit Z
Published: September 2023

The article is aimed on material properties evaluation of Ni and NiCr Cold Spray layers by means of proportional small specimens. For the purpose of testing, various cold spray layers were prepared. Spraying with nozzle for inner tube application from two NiCr powders of different particle sizes and from Ni powder of one particle size was applied. In addition, spraying with nozzle type for outer tube applications from same Ni powder was applied too. The evaluation is aimed on mechanical properties and metallographic analysis of cold spray layers as received and after defined heat treatment, comparing small and standard testing specimens. It provide overview of the tensile properties at room temperature and the microstructure of used powders and final cold sprays. Ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and plastic elongation are evaluated from the mechanical point of view. Metallographic analysis is focused on particle size in powders and splat size in manufactured layers. Porosity of sprayed layers is evaluated on tested specimens and the influence of specimen dimensions is discussed.
Development of specialized disk emitters for the formation of high-intensity ultrasonic fields in gaseous media
Authors: Dorovskikh Roman , Puzhaykina Anna , Tertishnikov Pavel , Shalunov Andrey , Nesterov Victor
Published: September 2023

The article presents various types of emitter designs and schemes of emitting surfaces for the formation of ultrasonic fields with different characteristics and directivity. 4 types of emitters have been developed and their main characteristics have been determined. It has been established that a radiator with a flat frontal surface provides 167 dB and makes it possible to intensify a number of technological processes in the near zone (up to 1 meter), such as coagulation and drying. An emitter with a step-variable surface and predominant radiation of one phase of oscillations makes it possible to create a homogeneous ultrasonic field in the air at a sound pressure level of 155-157 dB at a distance of up to 2 meters to the emitter. Focusing radiators allow to provide sound pressure level up to 173 - 177 dB in the focus (at a distance of 0.3 m), while in the far zone the intensity drops significantly (up to 145-150 dB).
Regulation of the fuel injection advance angle in a transport diesel engine
Authors: Markov V A , Furman V V , Plahov S V , Shlenov M I , Yao L M , Siluyanichev A M
Published: September 2023

The toxicity indicators of exhaust gases of a diesel engine largely depend on the quality of the fuel supply process. The possibility of a significant improvement in the toxicity of the exhaust gases of a diesel engine by optimizing the phase of the start of fuel supply - the fuel injection advance angle is shown. To assess the influence of the fuel injection advance angle on the dynamic performance of the engine and the toxicity of exhaust gases, a mathematical model of the engine has been developed. The model contains differential equations for the main elements of the combined engine - its piston part, turbocharger, in take and exhaust pipelines. These equations include polynomial dependences of the main engine parameters on its operating parameters. The object of research was diesel type D-245 (4 ChN 11/12.5) produced by the Minsk Motor Plant. Calculations of the acceleration of the engine with a variable fuel injection advance angle have been carried out. The influence of the law of regulation of the advance angle of fuel injection on the duration of the transient process and emissions of normalized toxic components is determined.
A study of surface morphology of Fe/p-Si hybrid structure using atom force microscope
Authors: Arzikulov E U , Nurimov A D , Axrorov S Q , Mamatqulov N
Published: September 2023

p-Si substrate was cleaned by chemical means. After the cleaning, iron thin film was deposited on the silicon substrate by electron beam evaporation method with high purity Fe target. Then, the roughness parameters of the sample after chemical cleaning and after obtaining a thin layer were compared. Surface roughness measurement of the iron thin film in the nanometer scale can be accurately determined using the AFM. Apart from the average roughness, all the roughness parameters of the surface increased. The average roughness, average height, root mean square roughness, and other parameters are used to analyze surface morphology.
Investigation of stress-strain state of coil of tubular furnace radiant chamber at different arrangement of intermediate support
Authors: Kovshova Yu S , Rubtsov A V , Chen A I
Published: September 2023

The coils of radiant chambers of tubular furnaces are operated under especially loaded conditions in terms of temperature stress distribution. It is in the radiant sections that the feed is heated to the required maximum temperatures. Also, part of the coil structure may be in close proximity to the burners and exposed to an open flame to form superheating zones. In this regard, the elements of the coil can deform and prematurely collapse. One of the most important roles is played by the support elements of the coil in the form of suspensions, brackets, etc., which serve to prevent sagging of the coil pipes. An important role is played by the optimal location of the support elements of the coils during design in order to prevent pipe sagging during operation. In the era of rapidly developing digital technologies, the problem of optimal location of support elements at the coil, taking into account the peculiarities of the design, operating parameters, and the intensity of thermal radiation, can help solve specialized software complexes. Special programs develop a coil model taking into account all the necessary parameters and characteristics, both material and technological process. This makes it possible to detect zones of concentration of increased stresses and maximum deformations. Therefore, the actual work is the modeling of the stress-strain coil of the radiant coil, taking into account the different locations of the support elements.
Technological principles for microtexturing the operating surfaces of ceramic cutting inserts by electrical discharge machining
Authors: Volosova M A , Okunkova A A , Fedorov S V , Kolosova N V , Gkhashim K I
Published: September 2023

The article describes the technological principles of electrical discharge machining of the surface layer of SiAlON dielectric ceramics based on the artificial creation of conductive conditions of the ceramics’ surface layer, making it possible to form microtextures such as microgrooves and microwells/holes. It has been established that the processing stability between the electrode tool and the ceramic insert is increased by the deposition of electrically conductive coatings to ceramic inserts and supplying finely dispersed ZrO2 and TiO2 assisting powders into the interelectrode gap merged in a dielectric medium. The resistance tests carried out have shown that the use of compounds based on hard thermostable nitrides of refractory metals (AlCrTiNbSi)N and TiN-(AlCrTi)N as coatings with subsequent microtexturing provides a mutually reinforcing effect and makes it possible to increase the wear resistance of ceramic inserts up to 2.6 times when turning an Inconel 718 heat-resistant nickel alloy.
Certain concepts and definitions of the physical process of wear of friction discs of sewing machine clutches
Authors: Kh Dustova F , Kh Babadjanov S
Published: September 2023

The article covers analytical research of the performance of the pads of the friction clutch of the sewing machine. The results of research showed that the wear resistance of the pads decreases with increasing temperature. The wear resistance of pads made of different materials tested on the same type of friction clutch of sewing machine is different. The research has been carried out to determine the maximum value of the specific work of slipping and thermal impulse which determines the characteristics of the temperature field of the friction pair which significantly affects the wear resistance of the friction interface. The wear resistance of friction clutches which are one of the main characteristics that determine the reliability and durability of the friction assembly has been studied.
Technological principles for removal of defective surface layer on grinded ceramic products by etching with accelerated argon
Authors: Volosova M A , Mitrofanov A P , Migranov M S
Published: September 2023

The article describes the technological principles and equipment for “dry” ion-plasma etching of the surface layer of SiAlON dielectric ceramics and subsequent deposition of (TiAl)N coatings. The proposed approach made it possible to ensure the high-performance removal of a defective layer formed during diamond grinding from the ceramic samples’ surface. Accelerated argon atoms with an energy of 5 keV are used as a source of energy impact on ceramic samples, which bombard the surface layer and ensure its sputtering at a rate of 9 μm/h. It is shown that the (TiAl)N coating deposition on ceramic samples after the preliminary removal of the defective layer reduces the volumetric wear under abrasive action by a factor of 2.6 compared to the initial samples subjected to diamond grinding.
Dynamic analysis of physical and mechanical forces acting on the needle of a shoe sewing machine in the process of sewing leather
Authors: Safarov Nazirjon , Abrorov Akbar , Abdullaev Laziz
Published: September 2023

The article covers thermal treatment of the working surface of the needle of shoe sewing machines with laser beams. The degree of influence of mode factors on the quality of sewing needles treated with laser beams has been theoretically studied. A mathematical model for processing a sewing needle with a laser beam, which establishes the relationship between mode factors and the quality of the working part of the needle has been developed. The model allows evaluating the influence of each factor on the quality of the needle. An equation showing that the planetary and vertical movement of the needles have the greatest influence on the quality of the processed needles has been obtained.
Strength analysis of flat manhole cover in case of change of location and inclination angle of two mutually intersecting scratches
Authors: Rubtsov A V , Kulakov P A , Gracheva V V , Afanasenko V G , Bikmukhametova M A , Zubkova O E , Greb A V
Published: September 2023

Mechanical damages of the main structural elements of the process equipment of hazardous production facilities are quite often detected during the revision process after repairs when assessing the quality of the work performed. One of the most common mechanical damages on the surface of parts and assemblies of technical devices includes scratches and risks. Significant scratches and risks that have a relatively large area and depth and limit the commissioning of the facility are subject to sampling and removal during re-repair. Superficial and non-extended scratches and risks do not belong to unacceptable defects, the technical device should not be taken into account, and further operation occurs with their presence. During further operation of the facility, such defects may not manifest themselves in any way, but may be high-voltage concentrators, which in the vast majority of cases are not critical. However, the presence of two or more scratches on the surface of the structural elements, their different location relative to each other, and therefore different mutual influence, can have a significant effect on the redistribution of zones and values of increased stresses on the surfaces where they are located. In the current regulatory and technical documents for diagnostics, these points are not considered, and accordingly are not taken into account. Therefore, the actual work is to perform a strength analysis of a flat manhole cover with two scratches, which have a different location on the surface, and a different angle of intersection relative to each other.
Limit state analysis of the thin-walled shell using a forming limit diagram and finite element modeling
Authors: Andrianov Ivan K , Feoktistov Sergey I , Chepurnova Elena K
Published: September 2023

The study considers the problem of estimating the limiting state of thin-walled cylindrical shells loaded with internal pressure. A diagram of limiting deformations is used as a method for estimating the limiting state of shells. The upper limit of permissible deformations satisfying the kinematic criterion of limiting deformation is determined based on the Side-Rice criterion. Using the finite element method, a series of numerical experiments on the loading of the inner shell at different heights of the loaded region in comparison with the diameter of the shell were carried out. Thus, the formulation of the problem made it possible to evaluate the effect of edge effects on the deformed state of a thin-walled shell. The results of the calculation of the limiting state of the shell can be used to develop a system for detecting cracks in turbine blades due to a system of thin-walled capsules under internal pressure.
Analytical dynamic modeling of damping of a multi-hierarchical mechanical system and mobile power engine shaft with the help of multi-mass rheological models
Authors: Matmurodov Farkhod M , Boboyev Xamza X , Nugmanov Ikram N , Mamirov Sherzod Sh
Published: September 2023

The article analytically modeled a multi-hierarchical mechanical system based on the method of multi-mass rheological models. Using this model, the ways of using as an example of obtaining and modeling the motor shaft of the damper-case of a mobile power vehicle are shown. The developed model makes it possible to find the amplitude-frequency characteristics of relative displacements, vibration velocity and vibration acceleration of moving mechanisms of mobile equipment.
Improving the fuel supply process of diesel locomotive
Authors: Markov V A , Furman V V , Plakhov S V , Shlenov M I
Published: September 2023

The quality of the fuel supply process is the main criterion for ensuring the required indicators of efficiency and environmental friendliness of a diesel locomotive. The electronic control system of the ESUVT.01 type for D50 type diesel (6 CHN 31.8/33) for fuel supply control is produced by JSC Penzadizelmash developed in LLC PPP Dieselavtomatika (Saratov) is presented. Optimizing the phase of the beginning of fuel supply – the advance angle of fuel injection (AAFI) shows the possibility of a significant improvement in fuel efficiency and toxicity of diesel exhaust gases. To assess the effect of the AAFI on the diesel locomotive performance, its experimental studies were carried out. The object of bench tests was a diesel generator set of type 1-PDG4D with the specified diesel and with a traction generator MPT-84/39. During the tests, the dependencies of diesel indicators on the AAFI were obtained. The necessity of optimizing the values of the AAFI in accordance with the engine operating mode is confirmed. Optimized values of the AAFI are obtained in the modes of diesel characteristics. The toxicity indicators of diesel exhaust gases and fuel efficiency with optimized characteristics of the AAFI are determined.
Quasi-static model for estimating the forces acting on a two-axle vehicle in the problem of trajectory stabilization by applying controlled differentials
Authors: Yu Dobretsov R , Bao L , Voinash S A , Zagidullin R R , Sabitov L S , Yakushev A M , Sokolova V A
Published: September 2023

The article considers the principles for determining the gear ratios of controlled inter-axle and inter-wheel power distribution mechanisms. The methodology is based on the analysis of the distribution of normal, tangential and lateral reactions during the movement of a car under the action of a given external force. The calculated dependences are given, which allow to evaluate the values of the reactions and to estimate the required gear ratios of the power distribution mechanisms. An example of a kinematic scheme of a controlled center differential is given. Prospects for using the mechanisms of this family are formulated. The structure of the control system for such mechanisms is considered.
Estimates of Rayleigh distribution parameters in statistical methods of quality control
Authors: Grigoriev S N , Emelianov P N , Masterenko D A , Ped’ S E
Published: September 2023

The paper considers the problem of estimating of a two-parameter generalization of Rayleigh distribution and finding distributions of estimates. This problem arose from the needs of statistical sampling inspection of dimensions obtained in the production process with certain features of the part basing and cylindrical surface processing. Parameter estimates are found using order statistics. Computational procedures are constructed in the Matlab environment, which make it possible to construct distributions of estimates in the form of tables. The correctness of the calculations was verified using stochastic simulation and the construction of empirical distribution functions of estimates. The results obtained can be used to build operational characteristics of control plans and select control plans with the required producer’s and customer’s risks, as well as to build control charts for statistical control of the manufacturing process.
Traffic lights recognition in foggy weather based on YOLOv5
Authors: Zhang Huiwen
Published: September 2023

Autonomous driving technology has gradually matured. The main application is unmanned vehicles, which have begun to test on the road. However, there is a critical technical problem with mitigating interfering factors in efficient traffic light detection and recognition. Due to the size of traffic lights and the complex road conditions, the detection accuracy is not up to satisfactory. This paper proposes a Traffic Light Recognition system based on YOLOv5, which has high speed and accuracy. The system also tests foggy data which gain from image processing. The experimental results show that the method achieved 0.9943 in normal conditions and 0.9937 in foggy conditions. Overall, the efficiency of YOLOv5 meets the practical application requirements.
A new computationally efficient method to tune BERT networks – transfer learning
Authors: Wang Zian
Published: September 2023

BERT is a pre-trained language model that achieves state-of-the-art performance on natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Once it was published, it quickly became one of the most popular models in the NLP field. The official recommended method for applying BERT to downstream tasks is fine-tuning. However, we argue that transfer learning is also a very practical approach to applying BERT, and this approach has its own advantages compared to fine-tuning. In this paper, we explore the advantages of the transfer learning approach through the method that uses transfer learning and fine-tuning approaches separately to apply BERT to the same eight GLUE benchmark tasks and compare the training time spent and model performance scores, such as accuracy or F1 score, of the two approaches. Finally, this paper finds that among all eight GLUE tasks and on small training sets, transfer learning saves 30% to 50% of the time compared to a fine-tuning approach to train the models on the data of downstream tasks and can achieve very similar performance. Besides, for the same amount of time, transfer learning can obtain higher performance scores than fine-tuning on larger training sets. In conclusion, on small training sets, transfer learning has a huge advantage in time consumption under the premise of approximate performance, and it also performs better on large training sets under the same length of time, compared to fine-tuning.
Dynamic gesture recognition based on compressed video for UAV control
Authors: Yang Yuchen
Published: September 2023

As a multifunctional aircraft with small size, low cost and easy control, UAVs can be used in many fields such as gardening, plant protection, mapping, logistics, military, etc. For a more convenient human-machine interaction mode, the user interacts with the UAVs in the form of dynamic gestures. The current traditional approach is to train convolutional neural networks with images as direct inputs to the system for the purpose of controlling UAVs. However, this approach leaves the temporal representation information between images missing, resulting in poor training results or over-reliance on computing resources. Therefore, this paper proposes an efficient processing strategy, that is, for simple gesture tasks, the optimized frame extraction algorithm is adopted to process picture-based gesture recognition; for complex gesture tasks, compressed video is used as system input to complete video-based gesture recognition. Based on the training results in action recognition datasets, UCF-101 and HMDB-51, the efficiency of compressed video in gesture recognition tasks has been verified, which can be applied to UAV dynamic gesture control.
Neural network modelling of vehicle fuel consumption and NOx emissions based on data clustering
Authors: Yang Xinhao
Published: September 2023

Since automobiles are becoming increasingly popular, fuel consumption has become a crucial factor to consider when purchasing a vehicle. Car emissions, one of the causes of global warming, have become a big worry as the planet warms. As a result, the fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions of automobiles are tracked in this article using neural networks based on DBSCAN clustering. This study uses DBSCAN to cluster and model NOx emissions and vehicle fuel consumption. Using DBSCAN, the vehicle speed, acceleration, fuel use, and NOx emission data are first grouped and pre-processed into many data clusters. Then, each data cluster develops a corresponding feedforward neural network model to simulate NOx emission. The experimental results show that the method suggested in this study substantially improves the model’s dynamic reaction time and modeling accuracy.
Performance comparison of representative methods for few-shot speech gender analysis
Authors: Li Songling , Pan Haoyu , Zhang Haoming , Zhang Junzhan
Published: September 2023

As one of the basic tasks of the famous and important speech emotion recognition system, gender recognition based on speech analysis has attracted a lot of research interests in recent year. This paper considers the model performance of different machine learning methods on gender recognition in few-shot learning. In this article, we use three types of methods, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Random forest. Among them, in the experiments of the SVM method, we report the linear SVM and nonlinear SVM models separately. Different experiments were performed with respect to the number of features and number of iterations and the results and possible issues were evaluated.
Prediction and classification of skin melanoma cancer using active hybrid machine learning technique
Authors: Saravanan S , Sathishkumar V E , Rajalakshmi N.R , Sukumar R , Muthukumaran V.
Published: September 2023

Melanoma is a dangerous skin cancer that may spread if not detected early. Thus, the medical industry has evolved with automated diagnostic tools that may assist physicians and even regular people diagnose an illness. Here, we provide a combined method for identifying melanomas on the skin. For our proposed approach, we make use of three forecasts. This problem was solved by training a neural network and two-learning machine classifiers on data describing the borders, textures, and colours of skin lesions. These tactics are combined for maximum effectiveness by majority voting. Tests show that using all three methods simultaneously improves precision.
Music classification with convolutional and artificial neural network
Authors: Li Zuge , Peng Haitao , Tan Siwei , Zhu Fangyu
Published: September 2023

Music genre classification focus on efficiently finding expected music with a similar genre through numerous melodies, which could better satisfy the tastes and expectations of the users when listening to music. This paper proposes a new method to classify different kinds of music with Artificial Neural networks (ANN) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). First, Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) are used to preprocess the Mel-frequency cepstrum (MFC). Then, we upgrade Anupam’s CNN model. Since the extracted features only by MFC are not suitable for CNN to learn as a small dataset like this. Multiple features are then exacted for each audio file. The two most correlated features on the datasets are adopted as the input of an ANN. To verify the proposed method’s effectiveness, we compare our method with other state-of-the-art methods on the GTZAN dataset. The experimental results show that we can get higher accuracy compared to Anupam. If using only one MFCC feature, Conv-Conv-Pool, a sub-structure that we add two convolutional layers before each max pooling layer, performs better than Conv-Pool, and Conv-Pool performs better than ANN. However, by concatenating another correlated feature, spectral centroid means, which is a measure used in digital signal processing to characterize a spectrum, a simple ANN can have much higher accuracy than the one utilizing only a single MFCC feature with an accuracy of about 94.1%.
Galaxy morphology classification with densenet
Authors: Wang Guangze
Published: September 2023

The classification of galaxies has always been an essential topic in astronomy, which can help to understand how galaxies form and evolve. This paper uses an effective deep-learning architecture, DenseNet-201, to classify galaxy morphology. Because galaxies are only concentrated in the center of the images, we preprocess the data in the way of reframing the images from the size of 256 × 256 × 3 to 224 × 224 × 3 which can eliminate all random noises like any other sub-object. The proposed method, DenseNet, connects all layers to each other. By using the DenseBlock+Transition structure, it realizes feature reuse and reduces the number of features, which could improve computational efficiency. We compare DenseNet-201 with VGG16 and MobileNetV2. VGG16 is very neat and contains multiple Conv->Conv->Max_pool structures, and the essential part of MobileNet is depthwise separable convolution. The whole network appears to be stacks of deeply detachable convolution modules. Applying DenseNet-201 to the dataset, Galaxy10 DECals, we achieved 84.1% accuracy of classification, higher than VGG16 of 79% and MobileNetV2 of 78%.
Mining requests in Brazil’s indigenous lands finally removed, but the battle continues
Authors: Verstegen Judith A , Rorato Ana C
Published: September 2023

Mining causes intense socio-environmental impacts and threatens Indigenous peoples in Brazil, exposing them to violence, contagious diseases, mercury contamination, and loss of livelihoods. Recent collaborative efforts by society achieved positive advances against mining in Indigenous Lands (ILs). Notably, the National Mining Agency (ANM) has revoked thousands of mining requests that encroached upon ILs for decades, marking a historic but underpublicized milestone. However, in recent months, the National Congress has approved a series of counter-attacks against Indigenous rights. Despite these advancements, it is imperative for society to sustain pressure in combating illegal mining in ILs and the ongoing attacks by ruralist and mining groups, who have a long history of undermining Indigenous rights.
Low-dimensional van der Waals materials for linear-polarization-sensitive photodetection: materials, polarizing strategies and applications
Authors: Ma Yuhang , Yi Huaxin , Liang Huanrong , Wang Wan , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Yao Jiandong , Yang Guowei
Published: September 2023

Detecting light from a wealth of physical degrees of freedom (e.g. wavelength, intensity, polarization state, phase, etc) enables the acquirement of more comprehensive information. In the past two decades, low-dimensional van der Waals materials (vdWMs) have established themselves as transformative building blocks toward lensless polarization optoelectronics, which is highly beneficial for optoelectronic system miniaturization. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the recent development of low-dimensional vdWM polarized photodetectors. To begin with, the exploitation of pristine 1D/2D vdWMs with immanent in-plane anisotropy and related heterostructures for filterless polarization-sensitive photodetectors is introduced. Then, we have systematically epitomized the various strategies to induce polarization photosensitivity and enhance the degree of anisotropy for low-dimensional vdWM photodetectors, including quantum tailoring, construction of core–shell structures, rolling engineering, ferroelectric regulation, strain engineering, etc, with emphasis on the fundamental physical principles. Following that, the ingenious optoelectronic applications based on the low-dimensional vdWM polarized photodetectors, including multiplexing optical communications and enhanced-contrast imaging, have been presented. In the end, the current challenges along with the future prospects of this burgeoning research field have been underscored. On the whole, the review depicts a fascinating landscape for the next-generation high-integration multifunctional optoelectronic systems.