bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A MILITARY BESIEGED: THE ARMED FORCES, THE POLICE, AND THE PARTY IN BIN ʿALI’S TUNISIA, 1987–2011
Authors: Nassif Hicham Bou
Published: February 2015

This article draws on extensive fieldwork and original data to trace the transformation of civil–military relations in Tunisia during the tenure of the former president Zayn al-ʿAbidin bin ʿAli (1987–2011). The republican ethos of the Tunisian Armed Forces (al-Quwwat al-Musallaha al-Tunusiyya) is often stressed to explain its traditional political quiescence. However, I maintain that it was the active hostility of the military's rivals within the Bin ʿAli regime that prevented Tunisian generals from playing a greater role in their country's public life. I disaggregate Bin ʿAli's regime into its fundamental institutional components—namely, the presidency, the party, the police, and the military—and investigate rivalries and alliances that structured the struggle for influence and power between Bin ʿAli's rise to the presidency and his downfall. I argue that there is a direct and causal relationship between the 2010–11 uprising and inter- and intrainstitutional dynamics within the regime. In other words, the study of contemporary Tunisian civil–military relations is critical to understanding the breakdown of the Bin ʿAli regime.
Sperm ultrastructure in two species of Brachidontes (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) from the south-western Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Torroglosa María Eugenia , Giménez Juliana
Published: February 2015

Brachidontes rodriguezii and Brachidontes purpuratus have a wide geographic distribution along the Argentinean coast. Both species are abundant in the intertidal area of rocky shores. We used transmission electron microscopy to study the spermatogenesis of B. rodriguezii and the structure of mature spermatozoa from B. rodriguezii and B. purpuratus. Our results show that spermatogenesis in B. rodriguezii is very similar to that reported in other mytilids. The spermatozoa of both Brachidontes are of the primitive or ect-aquasperm type showing a spherical nucleus capped by a conical acrosome with an anterior extension. The chromatin was electron-dense, homogeneous and compact. The mid-piece region consisted of 5 spherical mitochondria grouped in a ring around a pair of short cylindrical centrioles. The flagellum exhibit the typical 9 + 2 microtubule structure. Studies of spermatozoa ultrastructure are considered a useful tool in bivalve phylogeny. Characters in the spermatozoa morphology of these two species were observed and a brief discussion about the sperm morphology along the distribution of both species is presented. We suggest that the acrosome complex presents the most significant differences between both species.
Strengthening the conservation value of ex situ tree collections
Authors: Cavender Nicole , Westwood Murphy , Bechtoldt Catherine , Donnelly Gerard , Oldfield Sara , Gardner Martin , Rae David , McNamara William
Published: February 2015

With 10% of trees (> 8,000 species) threatened with extinction there is an urgent need for botanical gardens to protect threatened trees in dedicated conservation collections. Species conservation is mentioned in the mission statements of most major botanical gardens, yet the actual conservation value of existing ex situ tree collections is low. We conducted interviews with members of the botanical garden community and organized a symposium at the 5th Global Botanic Gardens Congress to identify challenges and collect recommendations to improve living ex situ tree collections. We summarize and evaluate this information to facilitate gardens becoming more effective agents for global tree conservation. Experts agree that gardens offer valuable strengths and assets for tree conservation. Some challenges exist, however, including a lack of strategic conservation focus, collection management limitations, gaps in fundamental biological information for trees, and a lack of global coordination. Solutions are offered to facilitate gardens and arboreta of all sizes to participate more effectively in tree conservation. Prioritizing genetically diverse tree collections, participating in conservation networks, developing tree-specific conservation models and guidelines, and strengthening tree science research efforts are a few examples. Most importantly, a more coordinated global effort is needed to fill knowledge gaps, share information, and build conservation capacity in biodiversity hotspots to prevent the loss of tree species.
Driving energy: the enactment and ambitiousness of state renewable energy policy
Authors: Berry Michael J. , Laird Frank N. , Stefes Christoph H.
Published: February 2015

U.S. states have led the federal government in instituting policies aimed at promoting renewable energy. Nearly all research on renewable portfolio standards (RPSs) has treated RPS adoption as a binary choice. Given the substantial variation in the renewable energy goals established by RPSs, we propose a new measure of RPS ambition that accounts for the amount of additional renewable energy production needed to reach the RPS goal and the number of years allotted to reach the standard. By measuring RPS policy with more precision, our analysis demonstrates that many factors found to affect whether a state will adopt an RPS do not exert a similar effect on the policy’s ambitiousness. Most notably, our analysis demonstrates that Democratic control of the state legislature is the most consequential factor in determining the ambitiousness of state RPS policies.
The politics of fiscal consolidation revisited
Authors: Hübscher Evelyne
Published: February 2015

This paper examines the capacity of governments to implement fiscal reforms in times of austerity. Unlike existing studies, which mostly focus on gradual policy changes like government spending, this analysis distinguishes between consolidation events and consolidation size to examine fiscal reforms. This strategy clarifies contradictory results in previous research and yields new insights into the underlying mechanism of fiscal reform. Based on an action-based data set that includes information about discretionary changes in taxation and government spending policies from 1978 until 2009 for 16 advanced (OECD) countries, the study shows that left and right governments are equally likely to implement cuts. Strategic considerations play a major role for the timing of fiscal consolidation, as the probability of fiscal cuts is highest at the beginning of the legislative term. When governments reform, the left cut as much as necessary, whereas right governments take the opportunity to reduce spending more.
Screening the Psychological Laboratory: Hugo Münsterberg, Psychotechnics, and the Cinema, 1892–1916
Authors: Blatter Jeremy
Published: February 2015

Argument

According to Hugo Münsterberg, the direct application of experimental psychology to the practical problems of education, law, industry, and art belonged by definition to the domain of psychotechnics. Whether in the form of pedagogical prescription, interrogation technique, hiring practice, or aesthetic principle, the psychotechnical method implied bringing the psychological laboratory to bear on everyday life. There were, however, significant pitfalls to leaving behind the putative purity of the early psychological laboratory in pursuit of technological utility. In the Vocation Bureau, for example, psychological instruments were often deemed too intimidating for a public unfamiliar with the inner workings of experimental science. Similarly, when psychotechnical means were employed by big business in screening job candidates, ethical red flags were raised about this new alliance between science and capital. This tension was particularly evident in Münsterberg's collaboration with the Paramount Pictures Corporation in 1916. In translating psychological tests into short experimental films, Münsterberg not only envisioned a new mass medium for the dissemination of psychotechnics, but a means by which to initiate the masses into the culture of experimental psychology.
The Surgical Elimination of Violence? Conflicting Attitudes towards Technology and Science during the Psychosurgery Controversy of the 1970s
Authors: Casey Brian P.
Published: February 2015

Argument

In the 1970s a public controversy erupted over the proposed use of brain operations to curtail violent behavior. Civil libertarians, civil rights and community activists, leaders of the anti-psychiatry movement, and some U.S. Congressmen charged psychosurgeons and the National Institute of Mental Health, with furthering a political project: the suppression of dissent. Several government-sponsored investigations into psychosurgery rebutted this charge and led to an official qualified endorsement of the practice while calling attention to the need for more “scientific” understanding and better ethical safeguards. This paper argues that the psychosurgery debate of the 1970s was more than a power struggle between members of the public and the psychiatric establishment. The debate represented a clash between a postmodern skepticism about science and renewed focus on ultimate ends, on the one hand, and a modern faith in standards and procedures, a preoccupation with means, on the other. These diverging commitments made the dispute ultimately irresolvable.
PhD Abstracts
Authors: HUTTON GRAHAM
Published: February 2015

Many students complete PhDs in functional programming each year, but there is currently no common location in which to promote and advertise the resulting work. The Journal of Functional Programming would like to change that!
Water Supply Facility Damage and Water Resource Operation at Disaster Base Hospitals in Miyagi Prefecture in the Wake of the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Matsumura Takashi , Osaki Shizuka , Kudo Daisuke , Furukawa Hajime , Nakagawa Atsuhiro , Abe Yoshiko , Yamanouchi Satoshi , Egawa Shinichi , Tominaga Teiji , Kushimoto Shigeki
Published: February 2015

Introduction

The aim of this study was to shed light on damage to water supply facilities and the state of water resource operation at disaster base hospitals in Miyagi Prefecture (Japan) in the wake of the Great East Japan Earthquake (2011), in order to identify issues concerning the operational continuity of hospitals in the event of a disaster.

Methods

In addition to interview and written questionnaire surveys to 14 disaster base hospitals in Miyagi Prefecture, a number of key elements relating to the damage done to water supply facilities and the operation of water resources were identified from the chronological record of events following the Great East Japan Earthquake.

Results

Nine of the 14 hospitals experienced cuts to their water supplies, with a median value of three days (range = one to 20 days) for service recovery time. The hospitals that could utilize well water during the time that water supply was interrupted were able to obtain water in quantities similar to their normal volumes. Hospitals that could not use well water during the period of interruption, and hospitals whose water supply facilities were damaged, experienced significant disruption to dialysis, sterilization equipment, meal services, sanitation, and outpatient care services, though the extent of disruption varied considerably among hospitals. None of the hospitals had determined the amount of water used for different purposes during normal service or formulated a plan for allocation of limited water in the event of a disaster.

Conclusion

The present survey showed that it is possible to minimize the disruption and reduction of hospital functions in the event of a disaster by proper maintenance of water supply facilities and by ensuring alternative water resources, such as well water. It is also clear that it is desirable to conclude water supply agreements and formulate strategic water allocation plans in preparation for the eventuality of a long-term interruption to water services.

MatsumuraT, OsakiS, KudoD, FurukawaH, NakagawaA, AbeY, YamanouchiS, EgawaS, TominagaT, KushimotoS. Water supply facility damage and water resource operation at disaster base hospitals in Miyagi Prefecture in the wake of the Great East Japan Earthquake. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(2):1-5.
Preparing for Euro 2012: Developing a Hazard Risk Assessment
Authors: Wong Evan G. , Razek Tarek , Luhovy Artem , Mogilevkina Irina , Prudnikov Yuriy , Klimovitskiy Fedor , Yutovets Yuriy , Khwaja Kosar A. , Deckelbaum Dan L.
Published: February 2015

Introduction

Risk assessment is a vital step in the disaster-preparedness continuum as it is the foundation of subsequent phases, including mitigation, response, and recovery.

Hypothesis/Problem

To develop a risk assessment tool geared specifically towards the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Euro 2012.

Methods

In partnership with the Donetsk National Medical University, Donetsk Research and Development Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Donetsk Regional Public Health Administration, and the Ministry of Emergency of Ukraine, a table-based tool was created, which, based on historical evidence, identifies relevant potential threats, evaluates their impacts and likelihoods on graded scales based on previous available data, identifies potential mitigating shortcomings, and recommends further mitigation measures.

Results

This risk assessment tool has been applied in the vulnerability-assessment-phase of the UEFA Euro 2012. Twenty-three sub-types of potential hazards were identified and analyzed. Ten specific hazards were recognized as likely to very likely to occur, including natural disasters, bombing and blast events, road traffic collisions, and disorderly conduct. Preventative measures, such as increased stadium security and zero tolerance for impaired driving, were recommended. Mitigating factors were suggested, including clear, incident-specific preparedness plans and enhanced inter-agency communication.

Conclusion

This hazard risk assessment tool is a simple aid in vulnerability assessment, essential for disaster preparedness and response, and may be applied broadly to future international events.

WongEG, RazekT, LuhovyA, MogilevkinaI, PrudnikovY, KlimovitskiyF, YutovetsY, KhwajaKA, DeckelbaumDL. Preparing for Euro 2012: developing a hazard risk assessment. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(2):1-6.
A Literature Review of Medical Record Keeping by Foreign Medical Teams in Sudden Onset Disasters
Authors: Jafar Anisa J. N. , Norton Ian , Lecky Fiona , Redmond Anthony D.
Published: February 2015

Background

Medical records are a tenet of good medical practice and provide one method of communicating individual follow-up arrangements, informing research data, and documenting medical intervention.

Methods

The objective of this review was to look at one source (the published literature) of medical records used by foreign medical teams (FMTs) in sudden onset disasters (SODs). The published literature was searched systematically for evidence of what medical records have been used by FMTs in SODs.

Findings

The style and content of medical records kept by FMTs in SODs varied widely according to the published literature. Similarly, there was great variability in practice as to what happens to the record and/or the data from the record following its use during a patient encounter. However, there was a paucity of published work comprehensively detailing the exact content of records used.

Interpretation

Without standardization of the content of medical records kept by FMTs in SODs, it is difficult to ensure robust follow-up arrangements are documented. This may hinder communication between different FMTs and local medical teams (LMTs)/other FMTs who may then need to provide follow-up care for an individual. Furthermore, without a standard method of reporting data, there is an inaccurate picture of the work carried out. Therefore, there is not a solid evidence base for improving the quality of future response to SODs. Further research targeting FMTs and LMTs directly is essential to inform any development of an internationally agreed minimum data set (MDS), for both recording and reporting, in order that FMTs can reach the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for FMT practice.

JafarAJN, NortonI, LeckyF, RedmondAD. A literature review of medical record keeping by foreign medical teams in sudden onset disasters. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(2):1-7.
MAKING PUNISHMENT PAY
Authors: Hagan John , Plickert Gabriele , Palloni Alberto , Headworth Spencer
Published: February 2015

Sociologists have neglected the politically channeled and racially connected role of leveraged debt in mass incarceration. We use qualitative and quantitative data from California, circa 1960–2000, to assess how Republican entrepreneurial leveraging of debt overcame contradictions between parochial preferences for punishment and resistance to paying taxes for building prisons. The leveraging of bond debt deferred and externalized the costs of building prisons, while repurposed lease revenue bonds massively enlarged and extended this debt and dispensed with the requirement for direct voter approval. A Republican-dominated punishment regime capitalized debt to build prisons in selected exurban Republican California counties with growing visible minority populations. We demonstrate that the innovative use of lease revenue bonds was the essential element that enlarged and extended funding of California prison construction by an order of magnitude that made this expansion a boom. With what Robert Merton called the consequences of imperious interest, this prison expansion enabled the imprisonment of an inordinately large and racially disproportionate inmate population.
Interferometry meets the third and fourth dimensions in galaxies
Authors: Trimble Virginia
Published: February 2015

Radio astronomy began with one array (Jansky's) and one paraboloid of revolution (Reber's) as collecting areas and has now reached the point where a large number of facilities are arrays of paraboloids, each of which would have looked enormous to Reber in 1932. In the process, interferometry has contributed to the counting of radio sources, establishing superluminal velocities in AGN jets, mapping of sources from the bipolar cow shape on up to full grey-scale and colored images, determining spectral energy distributions requiring non-thermal emission processes, and much else. The process has not been free of competition and controversy, at least partly because it is just a little difficult to understand how earth-rotation, aperture-synthesis interferometry works. Some very important results, for instance the mapping of HI in the Milky Way to reveal spiral arms, warping, and flaring, actually came from single moderate-sized paraboloids. The entry of China into the radio astronomy community has given large (40-110 meter) paraboloids a new lease on life.
The Recent Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies as Seen in their Cold Gas
Authors: Young Lisa M.
Published: February 2015

I present an overview of new observations of atomic and molecular gas in early-type galaxies, focusing on the Atlas3D project. Our data on stellar kinematics, age and metallicity, and ionized gas kinematics allow us to place the cold gas into the broader context of early-type galaxy assembly and star formation history. The cold gas data also provide valuable constraints for numerical simulations of early-type galaxies.
Dissecting the 3D structure of elliptical galaxies with gravitational lensing and stellar kinematics
Authors: Barnabè Matteo , Spiniello Chiara , Koopmans Léon V. E.
Published: February 2015

The combination of strong gravitational lensing and stellar kinematics provides a powerful and robust method to investigate the mass and dynamical structure of early-type galaxies. We demonstrate this approach by analysing two massive ellipticals from the XLENS Survey for which both high-resolution HST imaging and X-Shooter spectroscopic observations are available. We adopt a flexible axisymmetric two-component mass model for the lens galaxies, consisting of a generalised NFW dark halo and a realistic self-gravitating stellar mass distribution. For both systems, we put constraints on the dark halo inner structure and flattening, and we find that they are dominated by the luminous component within one effective radius. By comparing the tight inferences on the stellar mass from the combined lensing and dynamics analysis with the values obtained from stellar population studies, we conclude that both galaxies are characterised by a Salpeter-like stellar initial mass function.
The star formation history of galaxies in 3D: CALIFA perspective
Authors: Delgado R. M. González , Fernandes R. Cid , García-Benito R. , Pérez E. , de Amorim A. L. , Cortijo-Ferrero C. , Lacerda E. A. D. , Fernández R. López , Sánchez S. F. , Asari N. Vale ,   CALIFA collaboration
Published: February 2015

We resolve spatially the star formation history of 300 nearby galaxies from the CALIFA integral field survey to investigate: a) the radial structure and gradients of the present stellar populations properties as a function of the Hubble type; and b) the role that plays the galaxy stellar mass and stellar mass surface density in governing the star formation history and metallicity enrichment of spheroids and the disks of galaxies. We apply the fossil record method based on spectral synthesis techniques to recover spatially and temporally resolved maps of stellar population properties of spheroids and spirals with galaxy mass from 109 to 7×1011 M⊙. The individual radial profiles of the stellar mass surface density (μ⋆), stellar extinction (AV), luminosity weighted ages (〈logage〉L), and mass weighted metallicity (〈log Z/Z⊙〉M) are stacked in seven bins of galaxy morphology (E, S0, Sa, Sb, Sbc, Sc and Sd). All these properties show negative gradients as a sight of the inside-out growth of massive galaxies. However, the gradients depend on the Hubble type in different ways. For the same galaxy mass, E and S0 galaxies show the largest inner gradients in μ⋆; and Andromeda-like galaxies (Sb with log M⋆ (M⊙) ∼ 11) show the largest inner age and metallicity gradients. In average, spiral galaxies have a stellar metallicity gradient ∼ −0.1 dex per half-light radius, in agreement with the value estimated for the ionized gas oxygen abundance gradient by CALIFA. A global (M⋆-driven) and local (μ⋆-driven) stellar metallicity relation are derived. We find that in disks, the stellar mass surface density regulates the stellar metallicity; in spheroids, the galaxy stellar mass dominates the physics of star formation and chemical enrichment.
The Kinematic Morphology-Density Relation from the SAMI Pilot Survey
Authors: Fogarty L. M. R. ,   the SAMI Galaxy Survey Team
Published: February 2015

We present the kinematic morphology-density relation in three galaxy clusters, Abell 85, 168 and 2399, using data from the SAMI Pilot Survey. We classify the early-type galaxies in our sample as fast or slow rotators (FRs/SRs) according to a measured proxy for their projected specific stellar angular momentum. We find each cluster contains both fast and slow rotators with and average fraction of SRs in the sample of fSR=0.15 ± 0.04. We investigate this fraction within each cluster as a function of local projected galaxy density. For Abell 85 we find that fSR increases at high local density but for Abell 168 and 2399 this trend is not seen. We find SRs not just at the centres of our clusters but also on the outskirts and hypothesise that these SRs may have formed in group environments eventually accreted to the larger cluster.
Counter-rotating disks in galaxies: dissecting kinematics and stellar populations with 3D spectroscopy
Authors: Coccato Lodovico , Morelli Lorenzo , Pizzella Alessandro , Corsini Enrico Maria , Bontà Elena Dalla , Fabricius Maximilian
Published: February 2015

We present a spectral decomposition technique that separates the contribution of different kinematic components in galaxies from the observed spectrum. This allows to study the kinematics and properties of the stellar populations of the individual components (e.g., bulge, disk, counter-rotating cores, orthogonal structures). Here, we discuss the results of this technique for galaxies that host counter-rotating stellar disks of comparable size. In all the studied cases, the counter-rotating stellar disk is the less massive, the youngest and has different chemical content (metallicity and α-elements abundance ratio) than the main galaxy disk. Further applications of the spectral decomposition technique are also discussed.
LOFAR and Radio-Loud AGN
Authors: Williams Wendy L. , Röttgering Huub J. A. ,   on behalf of the LOFAR collaboration
Published: February 2015

At very low frequencies, the new pan-European radio telescope, LOFAR, is opening the last unexplored window of the electromagnetic spectrum for astrophysical studies. Operating at frequencies from 15 to 240 MHz, its superb sensitivity, high angular resolution, large field of view and flexible spectroscopic capabilities represent a dramatic improvement over previous facilities at these wavelengths. LOFAR will carry out a broad range of fundamental astrophysical studies in a number of key science topics including the formation and evolution of clusters, galaxies and black holes. In this contribution we describe some of the capabilities of LOFAR and present some recent results from the ongoing imaging efforts. We also discuss the impact of LOFAR on our studies of radio-loud AGN. Our recent study of the evolution of radio-loud AGN as a function of host stellar mass shows a clear increase in the fraction of lower mass galaxies which host radio-loud AGN at 1 < z < 2 while the fraction for higher mass galaxies remains the same. This shows that the upturn in the radio luminosity function is driven by increasing AGN activity among low mass galaxies at higher redshifts. New LOFAR observations will allow us to build statistically large samples at high redshifts to constrain this evolution for the different accretion modes of AGN.
3D spectroscopy of Wolf-Rayet HII galaxies
Authors: Kehrig C. , Pérez-Montero E. , Vílchez J. M. , Brinchmann J. , Kunth D. , Durret F. , Iglesias-Páramo J. , Hernández-Fernández J.
Published: February 2015

Wolf-Rayet HII galaxies are local metal-poor star-forming galaxies, observed when the most massive stars are evolving from O stars to WR stars, making them template systems to study distant starbursts. We have been performing a program to investigate the interplay between massive stars and gas in WR HII galaxies using IFS. Here, we highlight some results from the first 3D spectroscopic study of Mrk 178,the closest metal-poor WR HII galaxy, focusing on the origin of the nebular HeII emission and the aperture effects on the detection of WR features.
News from the isolated ellipticals NGC 5812, NGC 7507, and NGC 7796
Authors: Richtler Tom , Salinas Ricardo , Lane Richard , Hilker Michael , Caso Juan Pablo , Bassino Lilia P.
Published: February 2015

We report on ongoing photometric and spectroscopic work on a sample of isolated elliptical galaxies. We investigate their globular cluster systems, and use the kinematics of globular clusters and the integrated galaxy light to constrain their dark halos, which are not found in the cases of NGC 5812 and NGC 7507.
Galactic bulges: the importance of early formation scenarios vs. secular evolution
Authors: Seidel Marja K. , Cacho R. , Ruiz-Lara T. , Falcón-Barroso J. , Pérez I. , Sánchez-Blázquez P. , Vogt F. P. A. , Ness M. , Freeman K. , Aniyan S.
Published: February 2015

We study the stellar content of three galactic bulges with the high resolution gratings (R=7000) of the WiFeS integral field unit in order to better understand their formation and evolution. In all cases we find that at least 50% of the stellar mass already existed 12 Gyrs ago, more than currently predicted by simulations. A younger component (age between ∼1 to ∼8 Gyrs) is also prominent and its present day distribution seems to be much more affected by morphological structures, especially bars, than the older one. This in-depth analysis supports the notion of increasing complexity in bulges which cannot be achieved by mergers alone, but requires a non-negligible contribution from secular evolution.
The beauty of resolution: The SN Ib factory NGC 2770 spatially resolved
Authors: Thöne C. C. , Christensen L. , Gorosabel J. , de Ugarte Postigo A.
Published: February 2015

The late-type spiral NGC 2770 hosted 3 Type Ib supernovae (SNe) in or next to star-forming regions in its outer spiral arms. We study the properties of the SN sites and the galaxy at different spatial resolutions to infer propeties of the SN progenitors and the SF history of the galaxy. Several 3D techniques are used and, for the first time, we present images of metallicity, shocks and stellar population ages from OSIRIS/GTC imaging with tunable narrowband filters.
3D Studies of Galaxies in Compact Groups
Authors: de Oliveira Claudia Mendes , Torres-Flores Sergio , Amram Philippe , Plana Henri , Epinat Benoit
Published: February 2015

Fabry-Perot data of compact group galaxies have been used to show that the Tully-Fisher relation in any photometric band, for galaxies with vmax > 100 km/s, is very similar to that for galaxies in other less dense environments. In the low-luminosity end, however, a few compact group galaxies fall above the relation apparently because they are too bright for their mass. Here we show that if the mass is properly computed from spectral energy distribution fitting or mass modelling, for the low-luminosity galaxies, their positions in the stellar-mass or baryonic Tully-Fisher relation are what is expected for a normal Tully-Fisher relation and the outlying positions observed in the B and K Tully-Fisher relation could be explained by brightening of the low-luminosity interacting galaxies due to strong star formation or AGN activity.
Models of AGN feedback
Authors: Combes Françcoise
Published: February 2015

The physical processes responsible of sweeping up the surrounding gas in the host galaxy of an AGN, and able in some circumstances to expel it from the galaxy, are not yet well known. The various mechanisms are briefly reviewed: quasar or radio modes, either momentum-conserving outflows, energy-conserving outflows, or intermediate. They are confronted to observations, to know whether they can explain the M-sigma relation, quench the star formation or whether they can also provide some positive feedback and how the black hole accretion history is related to that of star formation.
Kinematics of superdense galaxies in clusters
Authors: Moretti Alessia , Poggianti Bianca , Bettoni Daniela , Cappellari Michele , Fasano Giovanni ,   the WINGS team
Published: February 2015

We present the first results obtained by analyzing the detailed kinematics of a subsample of 9 massive and compact galaxies found in the WINGS survey. The observed galaxies are very old (both luminosity and mass- weighted age are on average ≥ 10 Gyr), while they resemble more typical galaxies in the other characteristics. The total M/L ratio is determined using as free parameters the anisotropy β and the galaxy inclination i.
The Cosmic Skidmark: witnessing galaxy transformation at z = 0.19
Authors: Murphy David N. A.
Published: February 2015

We present an early-look analysis of the “Cosmic Skidmark”. Discovered following visual inspection of the Geach, Murphy & Bower (2011) SDSS Stripe 82 cluster catalogue generated by ORCA (an automated cluster algorithm searching for red-sequences; Murphy, Geach & Bower 2012), this z = 0.19 1.4L⋆ galaxy appears to have been caught in the rare act of transformation while accreting onto an estimated 1013–1014h−1 M⊙-mass galaxy group. SDSS spectroscopy reveals clear signatures of star formation whilst deep optical imaging reveals a pronounced 50 kpc cometary tail. Pending completion of our ALMA Cycle 2 and IFU observations, we show here preliminary analysis of this target.
Blowin' in the wind: both ‘negative’ and ‘positive’ feedback in an outflowing quasar at z∼1.6
Authors: Cresci Giovanni
Published: February 2015

Quasar feedback in the form of powerful outflows is invoked as a key mechanism to quench star formation, preventing massive galaxies to over-grow and producing the red colors of ellipticals. On the other hand, some models are also requiring ‘positive’ AGN feedback, inducing star formation in the host galaxy through enhanced gas pressure in the interstellar medium. However, finding observational evidence of the effects of both types of feedback is still one of the main challenges of extragalactic astronomy, as few observations of energetic and extended radiatively-driven winds are available. We present SINFONI near infrared integral field spectroscopy of XID2028, an obscured, radio-quiet z=1.59 QSO, in which we clearly resolve a fast (1500 km/s) and extended (up to 13 kpc from the black hole) outflow in the [OIII] lines emitting gas, whose large velocity and outflow rate are not sustainable by star formation only. The narrow component of Hα emission and the rest frame U band flux show that the outflow position lies in the center of an empty cavity surrounded by star forming regions on its edge. The outflow is therefore removing the gas from the host galaxy (‘negative feedback’), but also triggering star formation by outflow induced pressure at the edges (‘positive feedback’). XID2028 represents the first example of a host galaxy showing both types of feedback simultaneously at work.
Is there a dependence in metallicity evolution on galaxy structures?
Authors: Kuchner U. , Maier C. , Ziegler B. , Verdugo M. , Czoske O. , Rosati P. , Balestra I. , Mercurio A. , Nonino M. ,   CLASH-, CLASH-VLT-team
Published: February 2015

We investigate the environmental dependence of the mass-metallicty (MZ) relation and its connection to galaxy stellar structures and morphologies. In our studies, we analyze galaxies in massive clusters at z ∼ 0.4 from the CLASH (HST) and CLASH-VLT surveys and measure their gas metallicities, star-formation rates, stellar structures and morphologies. We establish the MZ relation for 90 cluster and 40 field galaxies finding a shift of ∼ − 0.3 dex in comparison to the local trends seen in SDSS for the majority of galaxies with logM < 10.5. We do not find significant differences of the distribution of 4 distinct morphological types that we introduce by our classification scheme (smooth, disc-like, peculiar, compact). Some variations between cluster and field galaxies in the MZ relation are visible at the high mass end. However, obvious trends for cluster specific interactions (enhancements or quenching of SFRs) are missing. In particular, galaxies with peculiar stellar structures that hold signs for galaxy interactions, are distributed in a similar way as disc-like galaxies - in SFRs, masses and O/H abundances. We further show that our sample falls around an extrapolation of the star-forming main sequence (the SFR-M∗ relation) at this redshift, indicating that emission-line selected samples do not have preferentially high star-formation rates (SFRs). However, we find that half of the high mass cluster members (M∗ > 1010M⊙) lie below the main sequence which corresponds to the higher mass objects that reach solar abundances in the MZ diagram.
Early-type galaxy formation: understanding the role of the environment
Authors: Demarco Ricardo , Rettura Alessandro , Lidman Chris , Nantais Julie , Jaffe Yara , Rosati Piero
Published: February 2015

One of the most characteristic features of galaxy clusters is the so-called “red sequence” (RS) of early-type galaxies. Since these galaxies are, in general, devoid of gas and dust, their red colors are mainly a consequence of their passive nature. However, the physical mechanisms responsible for quenching their star formation, thus originating the RS, are poorly understood. Environmental effects should play a significant role in the formation of the RS by transforming the observed galaxy properties from late to early-type ones. In this respect, we have initiated a KMOS program aimed at studying the kinematical structure of cluster galaxies at 0.8 < z < 1.7 in an effort to disentangle the physical mechanisms responsible for cluster galaxy evolution and the formation of the RS.
Spatially resolved Lyman-alpha emission from a virtual dwarf galaxy
Authors: Verhamme Anne
Published: February 2015

In the context of the first light of MUSE, Integral Field Unit (IFU) spectrograph of second generation installed recently at VLT, we compute mock IFU Lyman-alpha (lyα) observations of a virtual dwarf galaxy, to help understanding and interpreting forthcoming observations. This study is an extension of the work carried out in Verhamme et al. (2012), where we studied the spatially integrated lyα properties of a dwarf galaxy. With the same data, we now investigate the spatial variations of lyα spectra.
A low-luminosity type-1 QSO sample: Insight from integral-field spectroscopy
Authors: Busch Gerold , Smajić Semir , Moser Lydia , Valencia-S. Mónica , Zuther Jens , Scharwächter Julia , Eckart Andreas
Published: February 2015

The properties of the host galaxies of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) are essential for the understanding of the suspected coevolution of central supermassive black holes (BHs) and their host galaxies. In Busch et al. (2014), we present a study of 20 low-luminosity type-1 QSOs (LLQSO; Busch et al.2012) that have been selected from the Hamburg/ESO survey for bright UV-excess QSOs (z ≤ 0.06). Performing careful decomposition of deep near-infrared J,H,K images, we found that the observed sources do not follow published MBH – Lbulge relations for inactive galaxies, supporting similar results found for type-1 AGN in the optical. This can be explained by overluminous bulges with very young stellar populations or undermassive black holes that are observed in a phase of growth. We use 3d-spectroscopy in the optical and near-infrared as a powerful tool to analyze gas and stellar kinematics, determine gas masses, star formation rate, trace underlying stellar continuum, etc. (e.g., Smajić et al.2014) and thereby constrain possible evolution scenarios. The results will be interpreted in the context of galaxy evolution and particularly the still unknown role of the AGN in this process. Here, we show first results for HE 1029-1831.
Fabry-Perot spectroscopy: a powerful method for detecting superbubbles in galaxy discs
Authors: Camps-Fariña A. , Beckman J. , Zaragoza-Cardiel J. , Font J. , Fathi K.
Published: February 2015

We present a new method for the detection and characterization of large scale expansion in galaxy discs based on Hα Fabry-Perot spectroscopy, taking advantage of the high spatial and velocity resolution of our instrument (GHαFaS). The method analyses multi-peaked emission line profiles to find expansion along the line of sight on a pixel-by-pixel basis. At this stage we have centred our attention on the large scale structures of expansive gas which show a coherent gradient of velocities from their centres as a result of both bubble shape and projection effect. The results show a wide range of expansion velocities in these superbubbles, ranging from 30-150 km/s, with the expected trend of finding the higher velocities in the more violent areas of the galaxies. We have applied the technique to the Antennae and M83, obtaining spectacular results, and used these to investigate to what extent kinematically derived ages can be found and used to characterize the ages of their massive star clusters.
Star Formation in the Local Universe from the CALIFA sample: calibration and contribution of disks to the SFR density
Authors: Catalán-Torrecilla Cristina , Gil de Paz Armando , Castillo-Morales África , Iglesias-Páramo Jorge , Sánchez Sebastián F. ,   CALIFA Collaboration
Published: February 2015

The study of the star formation rate (SFR) is crucial for understanding the birth and evolution of the galaxies (Kennicutt 1998), with this aim in mind, we make use of a well-characterized sample of 380 nearby galaxies from the CALIFA survey that fill the entire color-magnitude diagram in the Local Universe. The availability of wide-field CALIFA IFS ensures a proper determination of the underlying stellar continuum and, consequently, of the extiction-corrected Hα luminosity. We compare our integrated Hα-based SFRs with single and hybrids tracers at other wavelengths found in the literature (Calzetti 2013). Then, we provide a new set of single-band and hybrid calibrators anchored to the extinction-corrected Hα luminosities. In the case of the hybrid calibrators we determine the best fitting aIR coefficients for different combinations of observed (UV or Hα) and dust-reprocessed (22μm or TIR) SFR contributions (where SFR ∝ Lobs + aIR × L[IR]). This analysis allow us to provide, for the first time, a set of hybrid calibrations for different morphological types and masses. These are particularly useful in case that the sample to be analyzed shows a different bias in terms of morphology or, more commonly, luminosity or stellar mass. We also study the dependence of this coefficient with color and ionized-gas attenuation. The distributions of aIR values are quite wide in all cases. We found that not single physical property can by itself explain the variation found in aIR.

Finally, we explore the spatial distribution of the SFR by measuring the contribution of disks to the total SFR in the Local Universe. Our preliminary spatially-resolved analysis shows that the disk to total (disk + spheroidal component) SFR ratio is on average ∼ 88%. The use of the 2D spectroscopic data is critical to properly determine the Hα luminosity function and SFR density in the Local Universe per galaxy components, the ultimate goal of this project.
Metallicity gradients in the Milky Way thick disk as relic of a primordial distribution
Authors: Curir Anna , Serra Ana Laura , Lattanzi Mario G. , Spagna Alessandro , Re Fiorentin Paola , Diaferio Antonaldo
Published: February 2015

We examine the evolution induced by secular processes of an initial, cosmologically motivated, radial chemical distribution, in a barred and an unbarred disk.
A dust radiative transfer study of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 5908
Authors: De Geyter G. , Baes M. , Camps P. , Fritz J. , Viaene S.
Published: February 2015

We present a dust radiative transfer analysis of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 5908. In our previous analysis, it was found that the standard assumption of a double-exponential dust distribution resulted in a poor fit. We investigate the possibility of the dust being distributed in one or more rings. The parameters are constrained using FitSKIRT, a code used to automatically determine the best fitting radiative transfer model given a set of observations. We discuss the possible implications of this dust distribution on the predicted spectral energy distribution.
The new method of investigating the orientation of galaxies and their clusters
Authors: Godłowski Włodzimierz , Pajowska Paulina , Flin Piotr , Panko Elena
Published: February 2015

We present a new method of analyzing galaxy alignments in clusters originaly proposed by Godowski 2012 and now improved.
Construction of luminosity function for galaxy clusters
Authors: Godłowski Włodzimierz , Popiela Joanna , Bajan Katarzyna , Biernacka Monika , Flin Piotr , Panko Elena
Published: February 2015

The luminosity function is an important quantity for analysis of large scale structure statistics, interpretation of galaxy counts (Lin & Kirshner 1996). We investigate the luminosity function of galaxy clusters. This is performed by counting the brightness of galaxies belonging to clusters in PF Catalogue. The obtained luminosity function is significantly different than that obtained both for optical and radiogalaxies (Machalski & Godowski 2000). The implications of this result for theories of galaxy formation are discussed as well.
Radio-optical properties of extragalactic populations in the VIPERS Survey
Authors: Zanichelli A. , Gregorini L. , Bondi M. ,   VIPERS Team
Published: February 2015

The radio and optical characteristics of faint radio sources are investigated thanks to the VIPERS spectroscopic and photometric data, and radio data from the VLA FIRST survey at 1.4 GHz.
Dust as a tracer of gas in galaxies
Authors: Groves Brent , Schinnerer Eva ,   KINGFISH team
Published: February 2015

We use a sample of 36 galaxies to study empirical relations between Herschel infrared (IR) luminosities and the total mass of the interstellar gas (H2 + HI). Such a comparison provides a simple empirical relationship without introducing the uncertainty of dust model fitting. We find tight correlations, and provide fits to these relations, between Herschel luminosities and the total gas mass integrated over entire galaxies, with the tightest, almost linear, correlation found for the longest wavelength data (SPIRE500). However, we find that accounting for the gas-phase metallicity (affecting the dust-to-gas ratio) is crucial when applying these relations to low-mass, and presumably high-redshift, galaxies. When examining these relations as a function of galactocentric radius, we find the same correlations, albeit with a larger scatter, up to radius of r ∼ 0.7r25 (containing most of a galaxy's baryonic mass). The tight relations found for the bulk of the galaxy's baryonic content suggest that total gas masses of disk-like (non-merging/ULIRG) galaxies can be inferred from far-infrared continuum measurements in situations where only the latter are available. This work is to appear in Groves et al. (2014).
Survey of lines in M 31: [CII] as SFR tracer at ~ 50 pc scales
Authors: Kapala M. J. , Sandstrom K. , Groves B.
Published: February 2015

The [CII] 158 μm line is typically the brightest far-IR emission line from star-forming galaxies. As such, this line is a possible tracer of star-formation, but to do so we need the relative contributions of different ISM phases. Using high physical resolution observations of the [CII] 158 μm line from Herschel PACS in five 3'×3' field in M 31 and optical IFU spectra from PPaK and ancillary IR data, we are able to spatially separate out the ISM phases Kapala. We find that a large fraction of [CII] emission in M 31 arises from diffuse gas (~20–90), with a sub-linear relation of [CII]–SFR at ~50 pc scales. However, on ~kpc scales, the observed empirical [CII]–SFR relation is in agreement with other extragalactic studies.
The interaction of the outflow with the molecular disk in the Active Galactic Nucleus of NGC 6951
Authors: May D. , Steiner J. E. , Ricci T. V. , Menezes R. B. , Andrade I. S.
Published: February 2015

Context: we present a study of the central 200 pc of NGC 6951, in the optical and NIR, taken with the Gemini North Telescope integral field spectrographs, with resolution of ~ 0”.1 Methods: we used a set of image processing techniques, as the filtering of high spatial and spectral frequencies, Richardson-Lucy deconvolution and PCA Tomography (Steiner et al.2009) to map the distribution and kinematics of the emission lines. Results: we found a thick molecular disk, with the ionization cone highly misaligned.