bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Face de‐morphing based on identity feature transfer
Authors: Zhang Le‐Bing , Chen Song , Long Min , Cai Juan
Published: January 2025

Face morphing attacks have emerged as a significant security threat, compromising the reliability of facial recognition systems. Despite extensive research on morphing detection, limited attention has been given to restoring accomplice face images, which is critical for forensic applications. This study aims to address this gap by proposing a novel face de‐morphing (FD) method based on identity feature transfer for restoring accomplice face images. The method encodes facial attribute and identity features separately and employs cross‐attention mechanisms to extract identity features from morphed faces relative to reference images. This process isolates and enhances the accomplice's identity features. Additionally, inverse linear interpolation is applied to transfer identity features to attribute features, further refining the restoration process. The enhanced identity features are then integrated with the StyleGAN generator to reconstruct high‐quality accomplice facial images. Experimental evaluations on two morphed face datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, improving the average restoration accuracy by at least 5% compared with other methods. These findings highlight the potential of this approach for advancing forensic and security applications.
Searching for new variable white dwarfs: The discovery of the three new pulsating and three new binary systems
Authors: Antunes Amaral L. , Vučković M. , Pelisoli I. , Istrate A. , Kepler S. O. , Hibbert J. M.
Published: January 2025

In recent years, approximately 150 low-mass white dwarfs (WDs), typically with masses below 0.4 M⊙, have been discovered. Observational evidence indicates that most of these low-mass WDs are in binary systems, supporting binary evolution scenarios as their primary formation pathway. A few extremely low-mass (ELM) WDs in this population have also been found to be pulsationally variable. In this work we present a comprehensive analysis aimed at identifying new variable low-mass WDs. From our candidate selection, 16 objects were identified as being within the ZZ Ceti instability strip. Those objects were observed over multiple nights using high-speed photometry from the SOAR/Goodman and SMARTS-1 m telescopes. Our analysis led to the discovery of three new pulsating WDs: one pulsating ELM WD, one low-mass WD, and one ZZ Ceti star. Additionally, we identified three objects in binary systems, two with ellipsoidal variations in their light curves (one of which is likely a pre-ELM star) and a third that shows a reflection effect.
The relationship between body composition and physical fitness with primary dysmenorrhea among adolescents in urban areas
Authors: Rizki Purwaningtyas Desiani , Fitriani Anna , Darmawansyah Alnur Rony
Published: January 2025

Background: The relationship between body composition and physical fitness parameters with primary dysmenorrhea hasn’t been confirmed robustly to the best of our knowledge. Objective: This study analysed the relationship between nutritional status, body composition, and physical fitness with primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 80 adolescents from urban areas of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi Indonesia. Body composition indicators measured by the OMRON HBF 375-Karada Scan body analyser. The fitness components observed were cardiorespiratory fitness as measured by the 3- minute YMCA step test, abdominal muscle strength by 1-minute sit-ups, abdominal muscle endurance by plank, and flexibility by sit and reach. Dysmenorrhea was measured using the WaLLLID score questionnaire. Bivariate analysis used the Pearson Correlation Test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: All respondents experienced dysmenorrhea with varying levels, intensity, locations, and duration of pain. Visceral fat percentage was significantly related to duration of pain (P=0.007) while total subcutaneous and trunk fat was significantly related to pain intensity (P=0.049). Cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly related to the location of pain (P=0.016). Conclusions: Maintaining visceral, total subcutaneous, and subcutaneous trunk fat within normal limits and good cardiorespiratory fitness control menstrual pain.
Effect of ramadan fasting on body weight and percent of body fat among student from program nutrition study of UPN “Veteran” Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Ayu Nurjanah Wida , Wahyuningsih Utami , Quratul Marjan Avliyah , Fransiske Simanungkalit Sintha
Published: January 2025

Background: Overweight is a state of unbalanced body health caused by excess fat accumulation and can interfere with health. The prevalence of overweight year 2013 in Indonesia at the age of more than 18 years, namely 13.3%, increased in 2018 to 13.6%. This study aims to see the effect of Ramadan fasting on body weight and percent body fat in college students. The research design used was a quasy experimental design with one group pretest and posttest. The number of subjects was 137 UPN "Veteran" Jakarta nutrition students with ages over 18 years. Data collection was carried out 3 times, namely before fasting, the second week of fasting and after one month of fasting ended. The instruments used are BIA (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis), a 24-hour food record and PAL (Physical Activity Level). Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test and paired t test. The results obtained include: (1) there was difference between body weight before fasting and body weight during fasting in p value = 0.000 (p <0.05). Likewise, there was a difference between body weight before fasting and body weight one month after the end of the Ramadan fast in p value = 0.048 (p <0.05). (2) there was difference between percent of body fat before fasting and percent of body fat during fasting in p value = 0.000 (p <0.05). Likewise, there was difference between percent of body fat before fasting and percent of body fat one month after the end of the Ramadan fast in p value = 0.048 (p <0.05). In conclusion, Ramadan fasting can affect body weight and percent of body fat.
Relationship between variables and anemia status among female workers
Authors: Purbowati  , Nurohmi Susi , Widyan Aisya Rizki
Published: January 2025

One of the micronutrient problems that becomes a worldwide concern, including Indonesia, is iron deficiency anemia. Anemia status in workers can result in reduction of health and work productivity. This study examines anemia status and factors associated with anemia in female workers. The research was conducted among 343 female production workers at a cigarette company in Kudus Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The variables were hemoglobin levels, age, BMI, MUAC, energy and protein intake, and caffeine consumption. Instruments used include an Easy touch Hb test to check hemoglobin levels, weight scales, and microtoise for body height to calculate BMI, MUAC measuring tapes, Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) in a month for determining energy, protein, and caffeine intake. The results showed that 141 subjects (41.1%) experienced anemia, including 59 mild, 73 moderate, and 9 severe anemia. Factors related to anemia status among female workers include age, energy adequacy, protein adequacy, and caffeine consumption. Meanwhile, BMI and MUAC variables were not related to anemia status. Risk factors for anemia in women under 50 years of age include adequate/excessive energy intake, adequate protein deficit, and caffeine consumption of more than two glasses per day.
Family function, social support, postpartum depression, and maternal parenting practices: Their impact on infant growth
Authors: Ashri Nurfurqoni Fuadah , Hastuti Dwi , Sunarti Euis , Eva Riany Yulina
Published: January 2025

The postpartum period presents challenges for mothers; requiring adaptation to new roles and family functions while emphasizing the importance of social support. This transition increases the risk of postpartum depression, affecting the mother's ability to care for her baby. During the first year of birth, a baby depends entirely on the mother to grow optimally. This research aimed to analyze the direct and indirect influence of family function, social support, and postpartum depression on infant growth. The study followed a cross-sectional design and involved 130 mothers of six-month-old babies as respondents in Bogor, selected through a random sampling, and was conducted from September to April 2024. The findings revealed that maternal health-nutrition parenting practices affect infant growth (β= 0.320). There was a negative correlation between social support and postpartum depression through family function (β = -0.133). The family function positively affected maternal parenting practices through postpartum depression (β = 0.103) and contributed to infant growth through postpartum depression (β = 0.166). The study emphasizes the significance of enhancing family function to reduce postpartum depression, enhance maternal parenting practices related to nutrition and healthcare, and support optimal infant growth while reducing the risk of stunting.
Reduction of cyanide concentration in cassava by lactic acid bacteria fermentation: A meta-analysis
Authors: Jayanegara M. Asyam , Palupi Eny , Jayanegara Anuraga
Published: January 2025

Cassava is a major staple food for humans in many countries, particularly in tropical regions. However, it also contains a toxic compound, cyanide. Various treatments are required to alleviate these toxins before they can be safely consumed by humans. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cassava fermentation by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on cyanide concentration using a meta-analysis method. Nine articles, comprising 20 comparisons, were integrated into a database. The effect size used was based on the ln response ratio (ln RR). The integration of effect sizes from different studies was based on a random effect model with the DerSimonian-Laird algorithm. The results revealed that LAB fermentation reduced the total cyanide concentration with an effect size of ˗0.667 (lower bound -0.836; upper bound ˗0.499; P<0.001) or equal to an average cyanide reduction of 48.7%. The fermentation period had no effect on cyanide reduction. Fermentation of cassava enhanced lactic acid concentration and LAB population with an effect size of 2.305 (about 10 folds increase; P<0.001) and 0.757 (P<0.001), respectively. Fermentation also decreased the pH of cassava (effect size ˗0.407; P<0.001). In conclusion, LAB fermentation is an effective processing technique for reducing the poisonous cyanide in cassava.
Physical and sensory properties of meltique beef steak injected with virgin coconut oil emulsion
Authors: Apriantini Astari , Cipta Dainy Nunung , Humayrah Wardina , Nurzahra Kania , Lesa Aditia Edit
Published: January 2025

The consumption of animal-based protein in Indonesia remains low, necessitating efforts to increase its intake, particularly through beef. Beef contains complete nutrition content such as essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals (Fe, Zn). However, its thick muscle fibers, make it less tender and more difficult to consume. One potential innovation to improve beef tenderness is the injection of plant-based oil, which results in meltique beef. This study aims to investigate the physical and sensory characteristics of meltique beef injected with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) emulsion as a source of animal protein. This study employed a completely random design. Sensory evaluation was conducted using the hedonic test and sensory attribute profiling technique with 25 initiated panellists. Meltique beef injected with VCO emulsion demonstrated the same quality of physical and sensory characteristics comparable to those of wagyu beef and canola oil emulsion in terms of texture, tenderness, and oil content. Therefore, VCO emulsion-injected meltique beef can serve as a preferred and easily consumable protein source due to its soft texture and affordable prices.
Household food insecurity in rural and urban West Java: The need for coping strategies
Authors: Vipta Resti Mauludyani Anna , Khomsan Ali
Published: January 2025

To meet dietary demands and avoid nutritional issues, households experiencing food insecurity employ coping strategies. This study evaluated the degree of food insecurity and coping mechanisms used by households in rural and urban West Java. Using pretested questionnaires, this cross-sectional study collected data from 300 households in rural Cianjur and urban Sukabumi in June 2022. In both places, most households experience food insecurity (rural 70.0%, urban 63.3%). Nonetheless, relying on less-priced and less favored items was the most common coping technique among food-insecure households in both regions. Relying on less preferred and less expensive food was significantly more common in rural areas (40.7%) than urban areas (23.3%). Furthermore, a substantially greater proportion of rural households (19.3% vs. 10.0%) borrowed food or turned to friends or family for support. Overall, the occupation of the father, the level of education of the mother, and the percentage of food spending were the factors that determined household food insecurity. In conclusion, this study suggests that food-insecure households in rural and urban areas employ different coping mechanisms. Urban areas can gain advantages from subsidized food initiatives, while rural regions benefit more from agricultural support tailored to local communities.
Designing effective stunting prevention strategies for coastal households in Bengkulu Province
Authors: Yuliantini Emy , Sukiyono Ketut , Sulistyo Bambang , Yuliarso Zulkarnain
Published: January 2025

Background: The 2023 Indonesian Health Survey reported a stunting prevalence of 21.5% nationwide, with Bengkulu Province at 20.2%. Although lower, this rate still indicates a significant public health concern, as a stunting prevalence exceeding 20% is alarming. Coastal households in Bengkulu Province are particularly vulnerable, requiring targeted strategies to address stunting through collaborative public action involving multiple factors, sectors, and stakeholders. Objectives: Efforts are focused on coastal areas to support at-risk populations, address economic disparities, and achieve sustainable reductions in stunting. Methods: This study used a descriptive design with a policy analysis approach, employing SWOT analysis to evaluate strategic factors. Both internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) factors were analyzed to develop stunting prevention strategies. The research subjects consisted of data on stunting prevention in coastal households in Bengkulu Province during 2022–2023. Results: SWOT analysis positioned the strategy in Quadrant I, with a strength-weakness difference of 0.75 (x-axis) and an opportunity-threat difference of 0.203 (y-axis). This quadrant supports an aggressive or SO strategy, leveraging strengths to capitalize on opportunities. Conclusion: Collaborative partnerships, incorporating various factors, sectors, and actors, are crucial for designing and implementing effective stunting prevention strategies in the coastal households of Bengkulu Province.
The effect of water content in soil media on the hatchability of Bractocera dorsalis pupae
Authors: Leksono Amin Setyo , Yanuwiadi Bagyo , Rizali Akhmad , Gama Zulfaidah Penata , Agustina Dwi Kameluh , Tesari Tasafima , Zatim Aufa , Imam Muhamad
Published: January 2025

Fruit flies are polyphagous pests on various important fruit crops. The Bactrocera genus, including Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), undergoes a pupation process in the soil. Efforts to control this species in the pupal phase can be done by applying entomopathogenic fungi. Entomopathogenic fungi need a moist environment to grow optimally. This study aims to evaluate the effect of adding water to soil media on the success of B. dorsalis pupae becoming imago. The soil media used comes from orange fields. Soil media is sterilized first before being used to test the success of fruit fly pupation. The addition of water was carried out with the following water and media content ratios: 0 : 1, 0.075 : 1, 0.15 : 1, 0.184 : 1, 0.225 : 1, 0.3 : 1 and 0.5 :1. The pupa is placed in a mica tube with a diameter of 5 cm and poured with granulated soil, so that it reaches a height of 4 cm. Replication was carried out four times. The parameters observed include success in becoming an imago, survival, and normality. The highest percentage of pupae that hatched was found at a water to soil addition ratio of 0.15 to 1 (86.25% ± 5.54). The highest percentage of living imago was also at the same water addition concentration (27.5% ± 1.44), as was the percentage of normal imago (81.25% ± 5.90). However, the death rate at this concentration was also high (58.75& ± 4.73). The highest percentage of abnormal pupae was found in media without the addition of water (0: 1). There was a tendency for success rates to become imago, survival, and normality to decrease at higher water concentrations. The findings of the regression analysis show the survival equation y = -4.33x + 28.75. No pupae successfully hatched at a water concentration of 0.5 to 1 v/v. At concentration after two days, the soil becomes dry and hard to clot. This study recommends using a water concentration of 0.15 to 1 v/v for applications with entomopathogenic fungi to create sufficient soil moisture.
Assessment and analysis of riparian zone downstream of Brantas River at three different points in Mojokerto region, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Khalifa Abdalnasser A M , Leksono Amin Setyo , Marjono  , Rachmansyah Arief
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyse the species richness downstream of the Brantas River riparian zone in the Mojokerto Region. The research was conducted in December 2023. The method used in this study was to analyse the vegetation ecology in which the quadrat technique was applied to a 5 x 5 m plot size to collect primary data on the riparian plants. The parameters of plant composition were analysed by measuring their relative abundance (RA), relative frequency (RF) and importance value index (IVI). This study discovers a total of 50 species (Herbs 42, tree 3, liana 3 and shrubs 2). The results showed that site 1 had 8659 individuals, with 20 species belonging to 13 families. In site 2, 2872 individuals were found with 22 species in 14 families and 2361 individuals with 33 species belonging to 22 families. The plant species with high IVI was Lemna perpusilla Torr, covering 61.49% in site 1, 43.40% in site 2 and 41.97% in site 3.
Distribution of dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP) genes among bacteria based on the NCBI database
Authors: Mustafa Irfan , Suharjono  , Ardyati Tri , Jatmiko Yoga Dwi
Published: January 2025

Synthetic textile dyes, such as anthraquinones, are durable and persistent to microbial degradation, making them toxic to the environment. Certain bacteria have been reported to possess dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP) enzymes, which show potential for degrading anthraquinones. The isolation of local bacteria with DyP genes is crucial to addressing this issue in Indonesia. Therefore, to increase the likelihood of obtaining these potential bacteria, it is essential to gather information on the distribution of DyP genes across different bacterial species reported to date. This study was conducted in silico to investigate the distribution of DyP-coding genes in various bacterial species using the NCBI database. The results revealed that DyP enzymes are mostly found in members of the phylum Actinobacteria compared to those in the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. These findings serve as a foundational reference for guiding methods in the isolation of dye-degrading bacteria possessing DyP enzymes.
Herbal medicine and snakebite research in Southeast Asia: A bibliometric analysis (1974-2024)
Authors: Jaluludin Aflah Ilham , Stefani Widodo , Putri Damayanti Irma , Halim Shariff , Abidah Safithri , Muhammad Almanfaluthi
Published: January 2025

This study presents a bibliometric analysis of research on herbal medicine and snakebite in Southeast Asia, focusing on publications from 1974 to 2023. The investigation involved 205 documents selected using specific keywords in the Scopus database. After applying inclusion criteria such as language and regional focus, the final selection yielded 202 documents across 145 sources. The analysis reveals an annual growth rate of 4.25%, indicating a steady increase in research interest over the past five decades. With contributions from 1,049 authors and an average of 6.08 coauthors per document, the field exhibits a high level of collaboration. Notably, nearly half of the publications (49.5%) involve international coauthorship, underscoring the global significance of the research in this domain. Keyword analysis identified “snakebite,” “venom,” and “medicinal plants” as central themes. The research also emphasizes preclinical studies, which are crucial for understanding the efficacy and safety of herbal remedies for snakebite treatment. The study further identifies key contributors to the field, with prolific authors such as Tan NH, Pithayanukul P, and Gopalakrishnakone P leading the scholarly discourse. Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore are highlighted as the most productive countries, contributing significantly to the research output and citation impact.
Impact of Second Internal Thoracic Artery on Long-term Survival After Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: Gadelkarim Ibrahim , Marin-Cuartas Mateo , Leontyev Sergey , De La Cuesta Manuela , Deo Salil V , Misfeld Martin , Davierwala Piroze , Borger Michael , Verevkin Alexander
Published: January 2025

Background: The survival advantages of bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) grafts in coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to systematically evaluate the time-dependent influence of BITA on long-term survival in elective CABG patients presenting with stable multi-vessel coronary artery disease.
Methods: Data from 3,693 patients undergoing isolated CABG with single internal thoracic artery (SITA) or BITA, with or without additional vein grafts, between 2002 and 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The entire cohort was divided into BITA and SITA groups (830 vs. 2,863 patients). A 1:3 propensity score matching was performed. Subsequent analysis of a subgroup meeting ROMA trial criteria (n=1,339) followed a 1:1 matching. Differences in restricted mean survival time (RMST) estimates were used to assess the time-varying association of BITA with long-term survival.
Results: In-hospital mortality (SITA 1.8% vs. BITA 1.1%, p=0.2) and major postoperative complications were similar between the matched groups. However, long-term survival was significantly higher in BITA patients for the matched whole cohort (15-year survival: 64% vs. 51%, respectively; P<0.001) and the ROMA-like population (76% vs. 60%, respectively; P<0.001). RMST demonstrated an incremental survival advantage of BITA over SITA grafting over time for both the whole and ROMA-like populations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.1 years, and 0.1, 0.4, and 1.0 years at 5-, 10-, and 15-year follow-up, respectively)
Conclusions: BITA grafting is safe and associated with superior long-term survival compared to SITA and vein grafts, with benefits extending beyond 5 years for the entire cohort and beyond 10 years for ROMA-criteria patients.
The Use of Antibiotics Impregnated Bone Cement in Reducing Surgical Site Infections in Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Purnomo Alexander Erick , Arjuna Yang Yang Endro , Tobing Jephtah Furano Lumban
Published: January 2025

Background and Study Aims: Spine surgeries are one of the most widely accepted method of surgery in orthopaedics. However, one of the most common complications of spine surgeries is surgical site infection (SSI), that associated with various post operative morbidities. The use of antibiotics impregnated bone cement (AIBC) is common in orthopaedics surgeries. Therefore, we aim to provide comprehensive review of AIBC use in spine surgeries.
Methods: Data was gathered from PubMed, Europe PMC, and ScienceDirect using keywords associated with AIBC and spine surgeries. We included all publications associated with AIBC and spine surgeries. Studies without full paper, non-English publications, review articles, and animal or cadaveric studies are excluded. The quality of each included studies assessed using Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Joana Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal for case reports, case series, and quasi experimental studies.
Results: 15 studies with total of 322 patients using AIBC in spine surgery were included. 10 of 15 studies reported 100% infection-free event with AIBC administration with or without given systemic antibiotics. Two studies did not report 100% infection free event due to MRSA infections and technical causes. 3 studies reported the use of AIBC without disclosing outcomes. Various types of bacteria ranging from MSSA to MRSA have been discovered, with PMMA and vancomycin being the most frequently used AIBC.
Conclusion: Antibiotics impregnated bone cement can be used to prevent post-operative infections due to its high effectiveness, easy administration, and no side effects have ever been reported. Further studies are needed to determine the most appropriate antibiotics, dose, and type of cement.
Utilization of smartphone technology and wearable technology following TKA
Authors: Gordon Adam , Hussain Awais , Mont Michael A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The widespread adoption of smartphones and wearable technology has introduced innovative approaches in healthcare, particularly in postoperative rehabilitation. These technologies hold significant promise for improving recovery following lower extremity arthroplasty, especially total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Despite growing interest, the evidence on their effectiveness and long-term impact remains variable.

Methods: This narrative review evaluates the utilization of smartphone applications, wearable devices, and their combined use in postoperative recovery after TKA. Key studies assessing adherence, functional outcomes, patient satisfaction, and healthcare utilization were analyzed to synthesize insights into their effectiveness compared to traditional rehabilitation approaches.

Results: Smartphone applications have demonstrated improvements in adherence to rehabilitation plans, pain management, and functional outcomes. For instance, interventions using text-based prompts or interactive platforms enhanced physical activity, reduced narcotic use, and improved patient-reported outcomes such as PROM adherence and range of motion (ROM). Similarly, wearable devices provided accurate feedback on activity levels and step counts, promoting early mobility and strength recovery. Combined approaches leveraging both technologies further enhanced adherence, functional recovery, and patient engagement while reducing healthcare utilization.

Discussion: The integration of smartphone and wearable technologies in TKA rehabilitation shows potential for improving recovery outcomes. While findings generally indicate noninferiority or superiority to conventional methods, limitations exist in standardization, data accuracy, and long-term benefits. Future research should focus on refining these technologies, establishing standardized guidelines, and evaluating their cost-effectiveness in diverse populations. Smartphone and wearable technologies represent safe and effective tools for enhancing postoperative outcomes in TKA patients. Their integration into clinical practice could optimize rehabilitation protocols, improve patient engagement, and potentially reduce healthcare costs.
Synthetic Applications of Amino Acid Derived Aldehydes in Asymmetric Hydroxylation Reactions Using Nitrosobenzene
Authors: Jain Vipin Kumar , Dhillon Sudeep , Kinger Mayank
Published: January 2025

This review highlights the proline-catalyzed asymmetric α-hydroxylation of aldehydes derived from amino acids. This reaction provides a robust method for introducing a hydroxyl group at the α-position of the aldehyde with high stereocontrol. The stereochemical outcome of the hydroxylation is primarily governed by the chiral environment of the proline catalyst and is further influenced by the pre-existing chiral center within the substrate. Post-hydroxylation, the aldehyde intermediates can be readily transformed into alcohols or olefins, depending on the synthetic requirements. We explore the utility of amino acid derived aldehydes, such as those obtained from l-glutamic acid, phenylalanine, proline, and l-aspartic acid, in the context of asymmetric synthesis. The scope of this methodology extends to the efficient construction of various natural products and bioactive compounds, highlighting its significance in modern organic synthesis.

1 Introduction

2 Mechanistic Overview of the Proline-Catalyzed Asymmetric α-Hydroxylation of Aldehydes

3 Review of the Proline-Catalyzed Asymmetric α-Hydroxylation of Aldehydes

4 Current Overview and Future Prospective

5 Conclusion
Epidemiological Characteristics and Maternal Risk Factors of Microtia and Aural Atresia in Kazakhstan
Authors: Imangaliyeva Assel , Suatbayeva Rimma , Slazhneva Tatyana , Medeulova Aigul , Mukanova Zhanetta , Kulimbetov Amangeldy , Mileshina Neilya , Glushkova Natalya , Izmailovich Marina , Semenova Yuliya
Published: January 2025

Introduction Microtia and aural atresia present congenital ear anomalies that affect external ear and are associated with conductive hearing loss. Both anomalies result from exposure to various prenatal risk factors, most common during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Objective This study was aimed at epidemiological analysis of microtia/atresia and associated risk factors in the Kazakhstani population.

Methods A retrospective study in two stages. First, a cross-sectional analysis of microtia/ atresia frequencies from 2015 to 2019 on the basis of official statistics obtained from the Republican Centre for E-Health. Then, a case-control study was carried out to elucidate maternal risk factors associated with occurrence of microtia/atresia. We recruited patients presented in Almaty, Kazakhstan, between September 2021 and February 2022.

Results There was a substantial regional variation in the rates of both aural atresia and microtia/anotia. Mothers of children with microtia disclosed toxoplasmosis, other agents (including HIV, syphilis, varicella), rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex (TORCH) infections during pregnancy more often than those of healthy children (45.8 versus 7.3%; p < 0.001). Exposure to different chemicals during pregnancy was mentioned more frequently by mothers of children with microtia when compared with the healthy controls (18.1 versus 8.1%; p = 0.035). Self-reporting of alcohol consumption and intake of antibiotics was also significantly higher in mothers of children with microtia (31.9 and 36.1% respectively).

Conclusion Elucidation of microtia/atresia epidemiology is important due to their imposed social and economic burden, associated with treatment and rehabilitation costs.
Seroprevalence and Associated Outcomes of Parvovirus B19 Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mohamed Sagad O. O. , Mohamedelmugadam Reem A. A. , Almardi Safa A. M. , Ahmed Tassnem H. M. , Ibrahim Malaz E. H. , Mohamedali Abdalla O. O.
Published: January 2025

Several case reports have highlighted the presence of serious clinical outcomes in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related to parvovirus B19 (PVB19). However, epidemiological studies have produced inconsistent and varying results regarding the prevalence of PVB19 and its associated clinical outcomes in this population. These inconsistencies highlight the need for a thorough summary and analysis of present data to better understand burden and impact of PVB19 on HIV patients. This review aims to provide an overview of current evidence and identify areas for further research.

Following the Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, and World Health Organization Virtual Health Library Regional Portal. The pooled prevalence with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was measured using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software version 3.3. Publication bias was estimated based on Begg's test, Egger's test, and examination of the funnel plots.

A total of 16 studies, with 2,122 HIV patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of detecting anti-PVB19 immunoglobulin G, anti-PVB19 immunoglobulin M, and PVB19 DNA particles among HIV patients was 43.6% (95% CI: 23.5–66.1%), 5.10% (95% CI: 2.10–12.10%), and 6.40% (95% CI: 4.10–9.90%), respectively. In the overall population of HIV patients, most of the included studies did not establish a statistically significant association between PVB19 infection and the occurrence of anemia.

PVB19 infection is commonly detected in individuals with HIV. However, anemia due to PVB19 is not common in this population. Findings from a few studies suggest that PVB19 infection may contribute to anemia in individuals with advanced HIV disease or significant immunosuppression. Additional research is needed to confirm and clarify these relationships in individuals with HIV, particularly those with compromised immune systems.
The mobilization of “a difficult past” in narrating the Russian invasion of Ukraine by the German and Italian backlash
Authors: Zavershinskaia Polina
Published: January 2025

The mobilization of the collective past is an important resource for civil actors to shape symbolic frameworks of their societies and foster collective solidarity by overcoming “difficult pasts.” Nevertheless, not every social actor maintains civil solidarity. This paper deals with the backlash undermining the temporal framework of the civil sphere, its exacerbation of collective traumas, and the stimulation of a feeling of crisis that erodes the civil sphere’s center. Specifically, I examine whether and how mnemonic narratives employed by the German and Italian backlash stimulated the crisis surrounding the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The findings suggest that, on the one hand, reopening the wounds of the past, the German backlash provoked an acute sense of crisis and exacerbated social polarization in the German civil sphere, which may trigger its inversion expressed in the substitution of frontlash democratic coding with backlash anticivil imitation. On the other hand, by resorting to mnemonic narration, the Italian backlash attempted to minimize the significance of the Russian invasion, antagonizing the Italian state for ignoring domestic issues. This comparative study, therefore, evidenced the different uses of “a difficult past” by the political backlash to stimulate the erosion of the civil sphere.
How well do empirical molecular mechanics force fields model the cholesterol condensing effect?
Authors: Sawdon J. , Piggot T. J. , Essex J. W.
Published: January 2025

Membrane properties are determined in part by lipid composition, and cholesterol plays a large role in determining these properties. Cellular membranes show a diverse range of cholesterol compositions, the effects of which include alterations to cellular biomechanics, lipid raft formation, membrane fusion, signaling pathways, metabolism, pharmaceutical therapeutic efficacy, and disease onset. In addition, cholesterol plays an important role in non-cellular membranes, with its concentration in the skin lipid matrix being implicated in several skin diseases. In phospholipid membranes, cholesterol increases the tail ordering of neighboring lipids, decreasing the membrane lateral area and increasing the thickness. This reduction in the lateral area, known as the cholesterol condensing effect, results from cholesterol–lipid mixtures deviating from ideal mixing. Capturing the cholesterol condensing effect is crucial for molecular dynamics simulations as it directly affects the accuracy of predicted membrane properties, which are essential for understanding membrane function. We present a comparative analysis of cholesterol models across several popular force fields: CHARMM36, Slipids, Lipid17, GROMOS 53A6L, GROMOS-CKP, MARTINI 2, MARTINI 3, and ELBA. The simulations of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) membranes with varying cholesterol concentrations were conducted to calculate the partial-molecular areas of cholesterol and other condensing parameters, which are compared to the experimental data for validation. While all tested force fields predict small negative deviations from ideal mixing in cholesterol–DOPC membranes, only all-atom force fields capture the larger deviations expected in DMPC membranes. United-atom and coarse-grained models under-predict this effect, condensing fewer neighboring lipids by smaller magnitudes, resulting in too small deviations from ideal mixing. These results suggest that all-atom force fields, particularly CHARMM36 or Slipids, should be used for accurate simulations of cholesterol-containing membranes.
Decoherence and vibrational energy relaxation of the electronically excited PtPOP complex in solution
Authors: Birgisson Benedikt O. , Dohn Asmus Ougaard , Jónsson Hannes , Levi Gianluca
Published: January 2025

Understanding the ultrafast vibrational relaxation following photoexcitation of molecules in a condensed phase is essential to predict the outcome and improve the efficiency of photoinduced molecular processes. Here, the vibrational decoherence and energy relaxation of a binuclear complex, [Pt2(P2O5H2)4]4− (PtPOP), upon electronic excitation in liquid water and acetonitrile are investigated through direct adiabatic dynamics simulations. A quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) scheme is used where the excited state of the complex is modeled with orbital-optimized density functional calculations while solvent molecules are described using potential energy functions. The decoherence time of the Pt–Pt vibration dominating the photoinduced dynamics is found to be ∼1.6 ps in both solvents. This is in excellent agreement with experimental measurements in water, where intersystem crossing is slow (>10 ps). Pathways for the flow of excess energy are identified by monitoring the power of the solvent on vibrational modes. The latter are obtained as generalized normal modes from the velocity covariances, and the power is computed using QM/MM embedding forces. Excess vibrational energy is found to be predominantly released through short-range repulsive and attractive interactions between the ligand atoms and surrounding solvent molecules, whereas solute–solvent interactions involving the Pt atoms are less important. Since photoexcitation deposits most of the excess energy into Pt–Pt vibrations, energy dissipation to the solvent is inefficient. This study reveals the mechanism behind the exceptionally long vibrational coherence of the photoexcited PtPOP complex in solution and underscores the importance of short-range interactions for accurate simulations of vibrational energy relaxation of solvated molecules.
Effects of prolonged starvation on body mass and respiratory physiology of the New Zealand abalone or pāua, Haliotis iris
Authors: Marsden Islay D. , Taylor H. Harry
Published: January 2025

Context Subtidal, adult pāua experience irregular food supply. The effects of prolonged starvation have not been examined. Aim To examine effects of 105-day starvation on body mass, respiration and haemolymph proteins. Methods Pāua, maintained at 15°C, were divided into groups that were either fed Macrocystis pyrifera, or starved; each group was further divided between pāua whose haemolymph was sampled at intervals and those sampled only at the beginning and end of the experimental period. Body mass, condition, oxygen uptake and gonad index were measured at the start and end. Key results Total mass of both fed and starved groups did not change significantly. The condition of the starved individuals decreased significantly. Haemocyanin accounts almost entirely for haemolymph proteins. The haemolymph haemocyanin concentration in fed abalone fell by 17–27% over 105 days, and by 49–63% in starved individuals. Final normoxic oxygen uptake was similar in starved and fed pāua and declined similarly during hypoxia. Conclusions Pāua may survive extended periods of starvation by metabolising body tissues and haemocyanin, with only minor changes in their mass, condition and aerobic respiration. Implications These primitive gastropods have mechanisms to survive stressors associated with low food availability. Maintenance of body volume in this osmoconformer supports gill perfusion and the functioning of the hydraulic skeleton in locomotion.
Factors influencing experiences of non-consensual sex: results from a mixed data cross-sectional online survey of Australian university students
Authors: Wenham Kathryn , Durham Jo , Mullens Amy B. , Brömdal Annette , Debattista Joseph , Parma Gianna , Gu Zhihong , Ariana Armin , Gilks Charles F. , Bell Sara F. E. , Dean Judith A.
Published: January 2025

Background The high prevalence of non-consensual sex, including physical force, verbal threats, intimidation, and/or verbal coercion and rape among university students, has prompted urgent calls for action from governments, statutory, and university bodies. This research aims to identify key factors students see as contributing to non-consensual sex with a view to developing effective strategies to address these issues. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was administered to 4291 university students attending universities in south-east Queensland, Australia. Participants were recruited via email, print media, and face-to-face invitations. The survey contained closed and open-ended questions on a range of sexual health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours, including non-consensual sexual experiences. A subset of students (n = 199) who responded ‘yes’ to engaging in sexual acts against their consent were the primary participants for this paper. Descriptive statistical analysis and thematic analysis, employing the theory of planned behaviour, were conducted using the quantitative and qualitative data regarding non-consensual sex, respectively. Results Immediate and longer-term fear and partner eagerness were the most commonly identified influences on non-consensual sex. An inability to give consent due to lack of consciousness or intoxication were also frequently cited factors contributing to non-consensual sex. Conclusions Interventions acknowledging and addressing sociocultural factors are needed. Sexuality and relationship education encompassing effective communication, relationship boundaries, and safe use of alcohol and drugs could substantially reduce the incidence of non-consensual sex. Importantly, such education should be non-judgmental and place greater responsibility on perpetrators than victim-survivors.
Organismal complexity strongly correlates with the number of protein families and domains
Authors: Alvarez-Ponce David , Krishnamurthy Subramanian
Published: January 2025

In the pregenomic era, scientists were puzzled by the observation that haploid genome size (the C-value) did not correlate well with organismal complexity. This phenomenon, called the “C-value paradox,” is mostly explained by the fact that protein-coding genes occupy only a small fraction of eukaryotic genomes. When the first genome sequences became available, scientists were even more surprised by the fact that the number of genes (G-value) was also a poor predictor of complexity, which gave rise to the “G-value paradox.” The proposed explanations usually invoke mechanisms that increase the information content of each individual gene (protein–protein interactions, intrinsic disorder, posttranslational modifications, alternative splicing, etc.). Less attention has been paid to mechanisms that increase the amount of genetic material but do not increase (or not to the same extent) the amount of information encoded in the genome, such as gene duplication and domain shuffling. Proteins belonging to the same family and/or sharing the same domains often carry out similar or even redundant functions. We thus hypothesized that an organism’s number of different protein families and domains should be suitable predictors of organismal complexity. In agreement with our hypothesis, we observed that the number of protein families, clans, domains, and motifs increases from simple to progressively more complex organisms. In addition, these metrics correlate with the number of cell types better than and independently of the number of protein-coding genes and several previously proposed predictors of organismal complexity. Our observations have the potential to represent a resolution to the G-value paradox.
Structural insights into the role of reduced cysteine residues in SOD1 amyloid filament formation
Authors: Baek Yeongjin , Kim Hyunmin , Lee Dukwon , Kim Doyeon , Jo Eunbyul , Roh Soung-Hun , Ha Nam-Chul
Published: January 2025

The formation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) filaments has been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although the disulfide bond formed between Cys57 and Cys146 in the active state has been well studied, the role of the reduced cysteine residues, Cys6 and Cys111, in SOD1 filament formation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of reduced cysteine residues by determining and comparing cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of wild-type (WT) and C6A/C111A SOD1 filaments under thiol-based reducing and metal-depriving conditions, starting with protein samples possessing enzymatic activity. The C6A/C111A mutant SOD1 formed filaments more rapidly than the WT protein. The mutant structure had a unique paired-protofilament arrangement, with a smaller filament core than that of the single-protofilament structure observed in WT SOD1. Although the single-protofilament form developed more slowly, cross-seeding experiments demonstrated the predominance of single-protofilament morphology over paired protofilaments, regardless of the presence of the Cys6 and Cys111 mutations. These findings highlight the importance of the number of amino acid residues within the filament core in determining the energy requirements for assembly. Our study provides insights into ALS pathogenesis by elucidating the initiation and propagation of filament formation, which potentially leads to deleterious amyloid filaments.
AMH protects the ovary from doxorubicin by regulating cell fate and the response to DNA damage
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Minh Phuong , Chang Eun Mi , Chauvin Maeva , Sicher Natalie , Kashiwagi Aki , Nagykery Nicholas , Chow Christina , May Phoebe , Mermin-Bunnell Alana , Cleverdon Josephine , Duong Thy , Kano Motohiro , Godin Philippe , Meinsohn Marie-Charlotte , Gao Dadi , Donahoe Patricia K. , Pepin David
Published: January 2025

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) protects the ovarian reserve from chemotherapy, and this effect is most pronounced with Doxorubicin (DOX). However, DOX toxicity and AMH rescue mechanisms in the ovary have remained unclear. Herein, we characterize the consequences of these treatments in ovarian cell types using scRNAseq. DOX-induced DNA damage activates
Tp53
class mediators across ovarian cell types. In the mesenchyme, cotreatment with AMH halts theca progenitor differentiation and reduces apoptotic gene expression. In preantral granulosa cells, DOX upregulates the cell cycle inhibitor Cdkn1a and dysregulates Wnt signaling, which are ameliorated by AMH cotreatment. Finally, AMH induces
Id3
, a gene involved in DNA repair, which is necessary to prevent the accumulation of DNA lesions marked by γ-H2AX. Altogether these mechanisms of AMH protection contribute to sustained fertility in mice, offering promising broad avenues for fertility preservation in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.