bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Dynamic Knee Valgus in Occurrence of Knee Injuries: A Review Study
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Norasteh Ali Asghar , Dehcheshmeh Milad Fadaei ,   Department of Sport Injuries & Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran., Shamlou Kazemi Amir ,   Department of Sport Injuries & Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims Dynamic knee valgus, as a poor movement pattern, may increase the risk of injury in the knee joint. This condition, which is related to a deviation in the lower limb alignment, can cause serious damage to the knee joint during tasks such as jump-landing, especially when bearing weight. The present study aims to investigate the role of dynamic knee valgus (DKV) in occurrence of knee injuries. Methods This is a review study. A search was conducted for the related articles published in English or Persian using the keywords Dynamic Knee Alignment, Dynamic Knee Valgus, Knee Joint Kinematics, Medial Collapse, Medial Knee Displacement, Frontal Plane Knee Excursion, Projection Angle, Dynamic Lower Extremity Valgus and Knee Injury in Science Direct, Scopus, PEDro, Google Scholar, PubMed, SID, ISC, Medlib, MagIran and IranDoc databases published from 2005 to May 2021. Initial search yielded 230 articles. After examining their full texts, 67 related articles were remained. Finally, 34 articles in the field of the role of DKV in occurrence of common knee injuries were selected for the review. Results Most of the studies were conducted on women and young people (aged 16-25 years). The DKV cause knee injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament injury (21 studies), patellofemoral pain syndrome (7 studies), tibiofemoral osteoarthritis (4 studies) and patellofemoral osteoarthritis (one study) as well as other cases such as osteoarthritis of the inner knee, chronic pain injuries in the hip and knee joints, and cartilage injuries. Conclusion DKV, as a poor movement pattern, put a person at risk of lower limb injuries. Muscle imbalance, muscle weakness, and impairment in the static alignment and its effect on dynamic alignment are among the most important mechanisms of DKV. Due to the structural and biomechanical characteristics, the most injuries caused by DKV occur in women.
Effect of Different Eye Movement Training Methods on Postural Oscillations of Older Women
Authors:   Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran., Ghalkhani Manochehr , Taheri Torbati Hamid Reza ,   Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran., Saberi Kakhki Alireza ,   Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims Postural control is one of the most important abilities to maintain body stability and upright posture in the elderly. This study aims to investigate the effect of different patterns of eye movement training on postural oscillations in older women. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design using a control group. Participants were 72 older women in Mashhad, Iran (Mean±SD age= 68.7±2.4 years, weight= 67.7±4.4 kg, height=163.1±3.2 cm) who were selected purposefully and randomly divided into four groups including three experimental groups (saccade, anti-saccadic, and pursuit training) and one control group. All groups were evaluated under four different conditions of visual stimulus presentation. The training groups performed the training for 4 weeks. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the collected data. All analyses were carried out in SPSS software, version 25. Results The results of ANOVA showed that the main effect of time for postural oscillations in the anterior-posterior and mediolateral directions was significant with the effect sizes of 0.57 and 0.492, respectively (P<0.05). This indicates that, regardless of the effect of group, postural oscillations in the experimental groups showed a significant difference over time. The interaction effect of time and group at the anterior-posterior and mediolateral directions was significant with the effect sizes of 0.168 and 0.28, respectively (P=0.010), where there was a significant decrease in the postural oscillations over time in the groups. The saccade training group showed the greatest decrease in the number of postural oscillations at the anterior-posterior and mediolateral directions (P<0.05). Conclusion Eye movement training with different patterns in older adults can reduced postural oscillations in the mediolateral and anterior-posterior directions. Saccade training cause less postural oscillation than anti-saccade and pursuit training in both directions. It is recommended that these training methods be included in the training program of the elderly to reduce their postural oscillation.
Effect of Two Types of Thoracolumbosacral Brace (With and Without Sensors) on Electromyography Activity of Selected Muscles in People With Thoracic Kyphosis During Typing
Authors:   Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, Jafarnezhadgero AmirAli , Piran Hamlabadi Milad ,   Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, Noorian Ebrahim ,   Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sports Science, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims People suffer from neck pain, headache, kyphosis and back pain while working with the computer for a long time, which seems to increase day by day with the advancement of technology. The present study aims to investigate the effect of two types of thoracolumbosacral braces (with and without sensors) on electromyography activity of selected muscles in people with thoracic kyphosis during typing. Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 15 males with thoracic kyphosis volunteered to participate in the study. Subjects performed typing task for one minute at three conditions (with no brace, with a simple brace, and with a brace having sensors). An 8-channel wireless electromyography system was used to record the activity of selected muscles in the upper limb and shoulder area. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the electrical activity of muscles between different conditions. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The median frequency of trapezius muscle was significantly lower while using the brace with sensors compared to that without using brace (P=0.005). In median frequency of other muscles, no significant differences were observed among three conditions (P>0.05). Conclusion The use of thoracolumbosacral brace with sensors can reduce the median frequency of trapezius muscle in people with kyphosis. This reduction in median frequency may be related to the passive support of the brace. Reduction of electrical activity in trapezius muscle while using thoracolumbosacral brace can increase the time to reach fatigue.
Effect of a Virtual Reality-based Exercise Program on Balance and Risk of Falling in Older Women
Authors:   Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran., MorchehKhorti Arezoo Heydari , Daneshjoo Abdolrasoul ,   Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims This study aims to investigate the effect of a virtual reality-based exercise program on static and dynamic balance and the risk of falling in older women. Methods The study population consists of all older women in Tehran, Iran (Mean±SD age= 64.96±0.34 years, height=163.16±0.67 cm, and body mass index= 64.27±4.91 Kg/m2). Of these, 30 women were selected by a convenience sampling method based on the inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n=15) and control (n=15). Their static and dynamic balances were assessed by Biodex balance system and their risk of falling was measured by the dynamic gait index. The women in the exercise group performed balance exercises based on virtual reality for six weeks (Three sessions per week, each for 30-45 minutes). Finally, the obtained data were analyzed by statistical tests such as t-test and analysis of covariance in SPSS software, version 21. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results Six weeks of virtual reality-based exercises had a positive and significant effect on static and dynamic balance and the risk of falling in older women (P=0.001). Conclusion The exercises based on virtual reality can improve static and dynamic balance and reduce the risk of falling in Aged women which are recommended to prevent balance disorders and its adverse outcomes in these women.
The Prevalence of Postural Abnormalities in Rural Women Based on Age and Body Mass Index in Markazi Province, Iran
Authors:   Department of Sport Injuries & Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran., Farahani Reyhane , Norasteh Ali Asghar ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Dehcheshmeh Milad Fadaei ,   Department of Sport Injuries & Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims Posture is an important factor in assessing the health of people, because any deviation in posture can lead to many disorders. The women in rural areas, due to certain characteristics, may be more affected by postural changes. This study aims to study the prevalence of postural abnormalities in rural women in Markazi Province, Iran based on age and body mass index (BMI). Methods Participants were 420 rural women at three age groups of 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 years who were selected using multi-stage sampling method from 20 villages of Markazi province. The instruments included a wall-mounted stature measuring tape (Seca, model 206), a digital scale (model 2003D), the New York Posture Rating Chart, and an optical Pedoscope (model DSI). The nearest posture observed by the researcher was recorded using the New York Posture Rating Chart and a checkerboard from various perspectives. The arch height of the foot was determined using the Pedoscope. Data analysis was done in SPSS software using descriptive statistics and chi-square test for comparison of postural abnormalities based on BMI and age. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results Among the postural abnormalities, hyperlordosis (54.6%), forward head (50.8%), uneven shoulders (39%), genu varum (34%), scoliosis (28%), kyphosis (27.4%) and hallux valgus (25.2%) were more common among rural women. In the age group of 15-30 years, forward head was the most common abnormality. In the age group of 30-45 years, hyperlordosis was more prevalent, and uneven shoulders was the most common abnormality in the age group of 45-60 years. Based on BMI, forward head was more common in women with obesity class I, and hyperlordosis was more common in overweight women. According to the chi-square test results, the difference based on age was significant in forward head, hyperlordosis, knock knee, and pes cavus. Conclusion Th increase of age and BMI can impair postural control in rural women. Proper training of different correct postures and increase of physical activity can be effective for improving the posture of rural women.
Comparing the Trunk Endurance and Strength and Balance in Female High School Students With and Without Chronic Low Back Pain in Qazvin, Iran
Authors:   Department of Physical Education (Sport Injury and Corrective Exercise), Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran., Javadipoor Zainab , Norasteh Aliasghar ,   Department of Physiotherapy ,Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Iran., Samakoush Hamed Babagoltabar ,   Department of Physical Education (Sport Injury and Corrective Exercise), Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran.
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder whose study on adolescents is important because it causes chronic, severe, and recurrent back pain in adulthood. This study aims to compare the trunk endurance and strength and balance in female high school students with and without chronic LBP in Qazvin, Iran. Methods This is a comparative study. Participants were 196 female high school students including 98 without LBP (Age=16.22±2.79 years, Height=1.60±0.05 m, Weight=54.83±10.17 kg, BMI=21.06±3.35 Kg/m2) and 98 with LBP (Age=16.01±0.84 years, Height=1.62±0.06 m, Weight=56.76±10.50 kg, BMI=21.59±3.57 kg/m2). To measure static and dynamic balances, we used the Stork and Star balance tests, respectively. The flexion and extension strength of trunk were measured by Manual muscle test. The flexion and extension endurance were measured by 60-degree flexion test and modified Biering-Sorenson test, respectively. Data analysis was done using independent t-test done. Results There was a significant difference in the flexion strength and endurance of the trunk (P=0.005), the trunk endurance ratio (P=0.004), trunk extensor strength (P=0.02), static balance (P=0.004) and total dynamic balance (P=0.02) between the two groups. Conclusion Strengthening of trunk muscles is recommended to prevent or reduce LBP in female high school girls. Periodic examination of postural disorders and imbalance in trunk muscles is also recommended to avoid postural problems and the resulting pain.
Building an Inclusive Botany: The “Radicle” Dream
Authors: Mabry Makenzie , Caomhanach Nuala , Abrahams R. Shawn , Gaynor Michelle , Pham Kasey , Williams Tanisha , Murphy Kathleen , Smocovitis Vassiliki Betty , Soltis Douglas , Soltis Pamela
Published: July 2023

Driven by the national conversation on systemic racism, ongoing inequities, appeals to decolonize science, and the many recent calls for diversity, equity, accessibility, and inclusion, we use stories of plants to discuss the history of bias and exclusionary practices in scientific botany, particularly regarding access to scientific spaces, and the exploitation of marginalized peoples. We discuss the many opportunities and challenges presented by the age of information technology as we seek to create a more inclusive botany that recognizes and acknowledges the contributions of historically marginalized groups, including Black and Indigenous communities. We hope this article can be used as a conversation starter to raise awareness, encourage reflection, and promote action toward creating a more equitable and just scientific practice.
Cumulative impacts of invasive plant species in British Columbia’s riparian ecosystems: a systematic map protocol
Authors: Mologni Fabio , Moffat Chandra , Pither Jason
Published: July 2023

BackgroundGlobally, the structure and functioning of foreshore and riparian ecosystems are being dramatically impacted by non-native invasive plant species. Invasive species can outcompete and replace native species, modify geochemical and hydraulic cycles, alter trophic processes and change the composition and structure of communities above and below ground. However, these impacts are often investigated in isolation, even though one invasive species might increase or mitigate the impacts of others (i.e. cumulative impacts), potentially with cascading effects. Although cumulative impactshave long been studied within other environmental contexts, research on the cumulative impacts of invasive species is comparatively scarce. We aim to (1) develop a protocol for systematically assessing the cumulative impacts of invasive species and(2) conduct a test of this protocol using a suite of non-native plants that are invasive in foreshore and riparian ecosystems of British Columbia, Canada. The protocol itself aims to standardize future evaluations of the cumulative impacts of invasive species. Inaddition, our systematic map will identify the strengths and gaps in knowledge pertaining to invasive plant species impacts in foreshore and riparian ecosystems, with the ultimate goal of facilitating the development of evidence-based management strategies.MethodsWe identified the research topic and the primary and secondary questions with the support of stakeholders. We then devised a flexible string that allows for searching target invasive species. Using this string, we searched the literature for pilot speciesthat aided the iterative development of the protocol. Once all target species are identified, we will carry out a systematic literature search on their impacts. We will search Web of Science and the CABI compendium for invasive species. We will include studies if they (i) refer to the target invasive species, (ii) focus on itsenvironmental impacts and (iii) investigate such impacts in riparian ecosystems (iv) within North America (i.e. Canada & U.S.A.). We will use a two-stage screening process: titles and abstracts first, then the full manuscript. From each source, we willextract impact description, ecosystem component impacted, and magnitude and directionality of impacts. We will include a publicly available database of studies, descriptive statistics and a narrative summary within our synthesis outcomes.
ПРОГРАМА ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КВАЛІФІКАЦІЇ ПЕДАГОГІВ, ЯКІ НАВЧАЮТЬ ДІТЕЙ З ПОРУШЕННЯМИ СЛУХУ, В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ ТА ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ (МОДУЛІ 1-3)
Authors: Литовченко Світлана , Таранченко Оксана , Жук Валентина , Литвинова Віра , Шевченко Володимир , Вовченко Ольга
Published: July 2023

Згідно з чинним законодавством педагогічні і науково-педагогічні працівники зобов’язані постійно підвищувати свою кваліфікацію; метою підвищення кваліфікації є професійний розвиток слухачів відповідно до державної політики у галузі освіти та забезпечення якості освіти. Відділ освіти дітей з порушеннями слуху – науковий підрозділ Інституту спеціальної педагогіки і психології імені Миколи Ярмаченка НАПН України, який проводить фундаментальні та прикладні дослідження з питань розвитку та навчання дітей з порушеннями слуху, у співпраці з партнерами визначає стратегії удосконалення освіти дітей з порушеннями слуху в контексті євроінтеграційних та національних освітніх реформ, надає освітні послуги з підвищення кваліфікації керівних, педагогічних та науково-педагогічних працівників закладів освіти (Ліцензія МОН України АД № 034572). Актуальність проблеми зумовлює мету статті: представити «Програму підвищення кваліфікації педагогів, які навчають дітей з порушеннями слуху, в умовах воєнного стану та відновлення України» (модулі 1-3), підготовлену за результатами дослідження «Науково-методичне забезпечення навчання дітей раннього та дошкільного віку з порушеннями слуху». Основними методами визначено: теоретичний аналіз літературних джерел та результатів сучасних досліджень, представлених у наукових виданнях, зокрема включених до наукометричних баз даних Index Copernicus, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science та ін.; аналіз нормативно-правових документів, сайтів закладів освіти та установ; узагальнення досвіду проведення курсів підвищення кваліфікації педагогів в Інституті спеціальної педагогіки і психології імені Миколи Ярмаченка НАПН України. На виконання окреслених завдань: презентовано «Програму підвищення кваліфікації педагогів, які навчають дітей з порушеннями слуху, в умовах воєнного стану та відновлення України», зокрема мету, напрям, обсяг (тривалість), що встановлюється в годинах та кредитах ЄКТС, форми підвищення кваліфікації, перелік компетентностей, що вдосконалюватимуться, та зміст перших трьох модулів. За результатами апробації програму рекомендовано до впровадження в системі підвищення кваліфікації психолого-педагогічних кадрів (спеціальних закладів освіти, закладів з інклюзивним навчанням, інклюзивно-ресурсних центрів), а також системі вищої освіти для формування професійної компетентності майбутніх фахівців психолого-педагогічного профілю.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ МАГНІТНО РЕЗОНАНСОНОЇ ТОМОГРАФІЇ В НЕЙРОПСИХОЛОГІЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ОСНОВИ ТА ПРИКЛАДИ
Authors: Орлов Олег
Published: July 2023

Стаття присвячена загальному огляду теоретичних засад функціональної магнітно-резонансної томографії (фМРТ) та її можливостей у вивченні нейрокогнітивних функцій та процесів у людському мозку. Описано фундаментальні принципи, які лежать в основі фМРТ (BOLD-ефекти), типові експериментальні протоколи фМРТ (блочний, подієвий, змішаний), процедури аналізу результатів (загальне лінійне моделювання, аналіз головних компонент), наведено ілюстративні приклади застосування фМРТ в дослідженнях візуального сприймання, транскраніальної нейромодуляції, прикладних нейромаркетингових дослідженнях.
ДИСТАНЦІЙНЕ НАВЧАННЯ ДІТЕЙ З ОСОБЛИВИМИ ПОТРЕБАМИ: СТВОРЕННЯ МОДЕЛІ
Authors: Прохоренко Леся , Прохоренко Денис
Published: July 2023

Обґрунтовано, що здобуття повноцінної освіти є важливим фактором у житті осіб з особливими потребами. Нагальним постає питання дистанційного навчання осіб з особливими потребами, яке є альтернативною формою навчання як в умовах війни, так і в умовах різних кризових викликів, що дає змогу таким особам реалізувати себе, отримати середню/вищу освіту.

Обґрунтовано бар’єри, які виникають в осіб з особливими потребами в процесі навчання, до яких віднесено: особистісно-діяльнісні, технічні й технологічно-методичні. Запропоновано модель системи дистанційного навчання осіб з особливими потребами та озвучено рекомендації щодо удосконалення такого навчання на організаційному, особистісному, діяльнісному і контрольно-оцінному етапах. Описано мету, зміст, специфічні методи, організаційні форми, засоби навчання. Наголошено, що ефективність дистанційного навчання, з одного боку, зумовлено технологічними особливостями навчального процесу, пов’язаних з використанням комп’ютерних мереж у режимі електронної пошти та Інтернету, а з іншого – модально специфічними і модально неспецифічними особливостями дітей з особливими потребами. Водночас, наголошено, що дистанційне навчання дітей з особливими потребами можливе за умови індивідуалізації навчання та активної допомоги батьків.

У висновку заначено, що упровадження дистанційного навчання відкриває нові перспективи для осіб з особливими потребами. Дистанційне навчання має бути цілісним, синтетичним, інтегрованим, гнучким, із широким застосуванням нових інформаційних технологій, передбачати системний психолого-педагогічний супровід та корекційно-розвивальну роботу на основі нових методично-дидактичних ресурсів.
ANALYSIS OF VERTICAL FACIAL MORPHOLOGY IN ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS WITH HYPODONTIA
Authors: Ghulam Rasool  , Sana Afzal  , Fatima tu Zohra  , Farhana Afzal  , Alveena Shahab  , Ahsan Mahmood Shah
Published: July 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the vertical facial morphology in patients with hypodontia.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Orthodontics department, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, from July to December 2018. After the institutional review board approved the proposed study, a total of 155 subjects for the sample were recruited based on a convenient sampling technique.
Results: Out of 155 patients, 90 were male, and 65 were female. Age was between 18 and 25 years, with the mean age of 19.51 years. Records of the sample were evaluated. Vertical facial parameters (Sn-Mp, FMA, and MMA) were determined using lateral cephalograms. The percentage of patients with normal vertical facial morphology (45.2%) was higher than the percentage of patients with low vertical facial morphology (35.5%) and high vertical facial morphology (19.4%). There was a tendency towards low vertical facial pattern in patients with hypodontia. There was no significant difference between the vertical parameters of males and females (P = > 0.05).
Conclusion: This study concluded that patients with hypodontia tend to have a low vertical facial morphology, and the early rehabilitation of the missing teeth can facilitate the vertical growth of the collapsed jaws.
ASSOCIATION OF DIFFERENT TEACHING METHODOLOGIES WITH THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN THE ORAL PATHOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF SHARIF MEDICAL AND DENTAL COLLEGE, LAHORE. A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Hira Butt  , Nauman Rauf Khan  , Uzair Bin Akhtar  , Amna Nauman Khan
Published: July 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to do a five year retrospective analysis of employing different teaching methodologies on the academic performance of Third Year students of Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) in Sharif College of Dentistry, (SMDC), Lahore.
Materials and Methods: A five year retrospective analysis was done using the academic records of Third Year students of Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) enrolled in Sharif College of Dentistry, Lahore. Batches were taught using the teacher centered approach, teacher student interactive approach and the student centered approach. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 and all nominal data was entered in frequencies and percentages whereas all numerical data was entered as mean with its respective standard deviation. One way ANOVA was used to determine the statistical difference between the scores of the students taught using different teaching methodologies and Chi square test was applied for determining association of different teaching approaches and the academic performance of students. P value i.e., (p<0.05) was taken as significant.
Results: Academic record of 288 Third Year BDS students of Sharif College of Dentistry was done from the year 2014 to 2018 for the subject of Oral Pathology. There was a statistically significant difference in the academic performance of students who had tutorial and practical sessions along with demonstrations of histopathological diagrams (p≤0.001). There was no significant difference in the academic performance of students who had received either demonstrations of histopathological diagrams or had been engaged in student research assignments on histopathology (p=0.104). Furthermore, that the group who had received tutorial, practical and histopathological demonstrations was the only category with students who demonstrated an excellent result. The greatest percentage of students (21.2%) with poor performance in the exam belonged to the batches that were taught using histopathological demonstrations only.
Conclusion: According to this study the teacher centered approach of teaching is an approach that the students benefit from the least. In order to improve the academic performance of students and to revive their interest in their studies, promoting and including active learning is of immense importance.
DISCRETION VALUES OF LIMBAL STEM CELL GRAFT WITH COMPARISON OF CONJUCTIVAL AUTOGRAFT IN PTERYGIUM EXCISION
Authors: Hizbur Rahman  , Tooba Rana  , Samina Karim  , Nosheen Kanwal  , Barjis Irum
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the recurrence rate of pterygium in cases treated with limbal stem stem cell graft versus connjuctival autograft.
Materials and Methods: It was a randomized clinical trial conducted in Opthalmology department of Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from January 2018 to February 2019 i.e one year study duration . A total of 60 diagnosed cases of pterygium of both sexes and all ages were included in the study . The cases were randomized into two groups i.e 30 cases were treated with stem cell graft while the other 30 cases were treated with conjunctival autograft .The recurrence rate of pterygium was determined in both the groups by following them for 6 months i.e at 1st , 3rd and 6th month of excision. Recurrence rate was calculated for both the procedures. Mean and standard deviations were used for quantitative variables while frequency and percentages were used for qualitative data.
Results: A total of 60 diagnosed cases of pterygium were included in the study. Age of the study sample ranged from 22-55 years, with mean of 37±9.3 SD. About 36 (60%) cases were males and ,14 (40%) cases were females. Recurrence rate of pterygium was 3.3% in cases treated with limbal stem cell graft technique as compared to recurrence rate of 10% which was seen in cases treated with conjunctival autograft technique.
Conclusion: Recurrence rate of pterygium was more in cases treated with conjunctival autograft as compared to those treated with limbal stem cell graft. So, limbal stem cell graft is more effective as compared to conjunctival autograft in treating pterygium and should be preferred treatment option for pterygium in order to decrease the recurrence rate and hence morbidity of the patient.
EVALUATION OF THE CAUSES OF ROOT CANAL FAILURE TREATED BY DIFFERENT OPERATOR GROUPS
Authors: Ilyas Rahman  , Khalid Rahman  , Faisal Mansoor  , Usman Nazir  , Farhad Ali  , Uzair Afridi
Published: July 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess various causes of failure of root canal treatment performed by various groups of operator.
Materials and Methods: 200 patients were evaluated, detailed relevant history; Periapical radiograph and clinical examination were recorded. Sample size was calculated through WHO scale. Patients presenting with post treatment symptoms such as pain, tenderness, swelling and sinus formation, were included in this study from June 2017 till May 2018. Teeth which had poor prognosis such as having class 3 mobility, furcation defects were excluded. The mean age group of the included patients was 15-55 years. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics for windows IBM Corp. Armont, NY. The Fisher exact test and Chi square test was applied where applicable to know the significance. ( P value≤ 0.05 was considered significant).
Results: Out of 200 patient evaluated, 105(64.0%) were under obturated, 78 (92.9%) canals were missed, 18(9%) had separated instrument, 54(62.1%) improper coronal restorations.
Conclusion: The common causes of failure of root canal treatment were under-obturation, untreated canals and improper coronal restoration. This was found in the patients treated by quacks and fresh graduates.
FREQUENCY OF HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS BASED ON REVIEW OF BONE MARROW ASPIRATION AND TREPHINE BIOPSY FINDINGS
Authors: Sultan Zeb Khan  , Asif Hussain Munir  , Sajjad Muhammad  , Khurshid Ali  , Muhammad Ihtesham Khan  , Nuzhat Sultana  , Asmat Ullah
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of various hematological disorders by using bone marrow aspirate and biopsy in a tertiary care hospital.
Materials & Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive study, conducted in Pathology Department of Khyber Medical College and Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Duration of the study is one year i.e from January 2017 to December 2017. All the patients referred to the pathology department for bone marrow aspiration were included in the study. The diagnoses were noted and results were drawn accordingly.
Results: Out of 300 patients, about 105 (35%) cases were diagnosed as having leukemias. This was followed by megaloblastic anemia which was seen in 75 (25%) cases, Idiopathc Thrombocytopenic purpura which was seen in about 51 patients (17%) cases. Metastatic infiltration and leshmeniasis were seen in 3(1%) case each.
Conclusion: Leukemia was the commonest malignant hematological disorder in this study , followed by megaloblastic anemia, which was the commonest non malignant disorder.
INCIDENCE OF POST-OPERATIVE PAIN IN TEETH WITH SYMPTOMATIC IRREVERSIBLE PULPITIS WITH AND WITHOUT OCCLUSAL REDUCTION
Authors: Ajmal Yousaf  , Fatima Ali  , Mohibullah  , Syed Muzammil Hussain  , Mahnoor Maryam  , Nasrin Yousaf
Published: July 2023

Objective: To compare the incidence of post-operative pain in teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with and without occlusal reduction.
Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial was done in the Department of Operative Dentistry Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry (AFID) Rawalpindi from 1st June 2019 to 31st December 2019. A total of 262 patients from 20-50 years of age from both gender presenting with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in their mandibular 1st Molar were randomly divided into two equal groups of 131 patients with the help of scientific random number table. Endodontic therapy was initiated under rubber dam, following pulpectomy and disinfection with frequent irrigation canals were prepared, intra-canal dressing was placed and the cavity was restored with cavit after which a 2mm occlusal reduction was performed for teeth included in group A and no occlusal reduction was done for Group B. Post-operative pain was recorded at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours using the visual analogue scale. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21.
Results: There was no statistical difference in the post-operative pain between the two groups.
Conclusion: Occlusal reduction has no significant impact on post-operative pain in teeth with irreversible pulpitis.
POTENTIAL ROLE OF OSTEOCALCIN AND OSTEOPROTEGRIN IN DETERMINING THE CONNECTION BETWEEN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND PERIODONTITIS: PERSPECTIVE CASE STUDY FROM LOCAL POPULATION OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Authors: Marryam Riaz  , Zartashia Arooj  , Muhammad Sumair Farooq  , Sohaib Shujaat  , Ayesha Fahim  , Varda Jalil
Published: July 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontitis with the help of biomarkers Osteocalcin and Osteoprotegerin.
Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty subjects were enrolled using consecutive nonprobability sampling for four groups, i.e., controls, clinically diagnosed cases of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontitis, and both after informed consent (attached in the end). Serum Osteocalcin and Osteoprotegerin were measured along with Anti-CCP antibodies and clinical measures of severity of Periodontitis with the help of bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and periodontal pocket depth (PPD). ANOVA and post hoc analysis were used to determine the difference of mean in different groups using SPSS 21.
Results: Mean Osteocalcin and Osteoprotegerin were equally distributed among all four groups, although showing trends of increase and decrease in mean plots, respectively (using ANOVA, p value= 0.711, 0.15, respectively). Anti-CCP antibodies, mean CAL, mean BOP, mean PPD, and age were significantly different in four groups (p-value < 0.05 for all). Gender and RA factor were homogenous in all groups (p-value > 0.05 for both), i.e., there was the same number of males and females in each group, and the Rheumatoid factor was equally distributed in patients of all four groups. This proves the fact that the RA factor is just a sensitive test and not a specific test for the diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Conclusion: It is concluded that at the current sample size of 120 subjects, i.e., 30 controls and 30 patients each in with either Rheumatoid Arthritis or Periodontitis or both, there is no difference in mean Osteocalcin and Osteoprotegerin levels.
THE RELATION OF POSTERIOR VIBRATING LINE TO THE FOVEA PALATINE IN CLASS I, CLASS II AND CLASS III SOFT PALATE TYPES
Authors: Shafi Ullah Khan  , Akbar Khalil  , Faiza Abdul Hakam
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of the location of vibrating line with respect to fovea palatini in different soft palate types among patients.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Khyber College of dentistry, Peshawar, Pakistan. 121 subjects were included in this study. Clinical examination was carried out to examine the location of vibrating line whether it is anterior, posterior or at the fovea palatini in different soft palate types.
Results: Our study result shows that in 57(47.11%) subjects vibrating line was in front, in 63(52.06%) subjects it was at and in 1(0.83%) subject it was behind the fovea palatini. Eighty five (70.25%) patients had Class I, 29 (23.97%) patients had Class II and 7 (5.78%) patients had Class III soft palatal types.
Conclusion: The vibrating line was predominately found at or anterior to the fovea palatini in subjects with Class I, II and III soft palates.
ORAL ULCERS IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS – RELATIONSHIP WITH DISEASE DURATION AND SEVERITY
Authors: Shamaila Mumtaz  , Misbah Ali  , Nauman Bari Khan  , Benish Mehmood  , Muhammad Azhar  , Farah Farhan
Published: July 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of oral ulceration among systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Pakistan and their relationship with disease duration and severity.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Clinic for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, DHQ Hospital, Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan. 75 adult patients, fulfilling the 1997 American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria for SLE, between January and December 2018 were included in the study. Clinical signs comprising of oral cavity were documented and their relationship to disease duration in years and organ damage using SLICC/ACR-DI score was studied. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed for statistical assessment.
Results: 75 patients with SLE were included in the study. Female to male ratio was 9.5:1 (94.7% females and 5.3% males) and mean age of patients was 30.65 ± 10.71 years. 34 patients (45.3%) had oral ulcers. No significant association was observed between presence of oral ulcers with age (p-value= 0.43), with gender (p-value= 0.618) and disease duration (p-value=0.10). However, mean SLICC/ACR-DI score for SLE patients with oral ulcers was 2.0 as compared to 0.8 for the patients without oral ulcers (p-value=0.001).
Conclusion: This study found that Pakistani patients with SLE have high prevalence (45.3%) of oral ulceration, especially in patients with poorly controlled disease and more evidence of organ damage. This warrants the need to create awareness about disease among healthcare workers and patients.
FREQUENCY OF HEPATITIS B AND C POSITIVE CASES AMONG BLOOD DONORS VISITING BLOOD TRANSFUSION CENTRES OF DISTRICT ABBOTTABAD
Authors: Muhammad Kaleem Khan  , Salma Shazia  , Haroon Ur Raheed  , Shoukat Sohail  , Ajmal Hussain  , Zahoor Ahmed  , Sunia Qasuria Khan
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of hepatitis B and C positive cases among Blood donors visiting Blood Banks of District Abbottabad.
Materials and Methods: A total of 23596 subjects were screened for HBs Ag and anti-HCV in this descriptive study conducted from 1st January 2017 to 30 June 2018. Patients of either sex and more than 18 years of age were screened for both hepatitis B and C. Patients with evidence of hepatitis B or C in the past were excluded. The HBs Ag and Anti-HCV screening was performed through Immunochromatographic (ICT) method. All sera showing reactivity were then confirmed with Enzyme Linked Immumo-sorbent Assay (ELISA). The information of the patients was recorded on a proforma and analyzed.
Results: The frequency of hepatitis B was found to be 928 (3.93%). Prevalence of hepatitis C was 294 (1.24%). Overall prevalence of hepatitis was more common in rural population than the urban population.
Conclusion: Hepatitis B is more common than hepatitis C in District Abbottabad. The high frequency of hepatitis needs to launch a major public awareness program and preventive measures to prevent its further spreading.
FREQUENCY OF TORUS PALATINUS AND TORUS MANDIBULAR IN PATIENTS VISITING A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN PESHAWAR.
Authors: Kamal Khan Hoti  , Rizwan Arshad  , Imran Salem Qureshi  , Muhammad Muddassar  , Muhammad Osman Masood  , Imran Khan Khattak
Published: July 2023

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in patients visiting the outpatient department of Sardar Begum Dental Hospital, Peshawar.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on dental patients attending the OPD of Sardar Begum Dental College (Hospital), Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan. The study included 236 patients, who attended the outpatient department (OPD), Sardar Begum Dental College (Hospital), Gandhara University, Peshawar for their dental problems from November 2012 to April 2013. The presence or absence of torus palatinus (TP) and torus mandibularis (TM) were examined by clinical inspection and palpation.
Results: The frequency of TP and TM in the current study was 12 (5.10%) and 13 (5.50%), respectively. Both TP and TM were found only in 03 (1.30%). TM was found in 07 males and 06 females, respectively. Whereas 05 male and 07 females respectively. Conclusion: This study indicated that the prevalence of TP and TM in Peshawar was 5.10% and 5.50% respectively in our population. Results showed a significant relationship between the occurrences of tori with gender.
AWARENESS AND PRACTICES REGARDING MENSTURAL HYGIENE IN FEMALE PATIENTS OF REHMAN MEDICAL INSTITUTE.
Authors: Waqar Ali  , Amna Ejaz  , Izma Khan  , Haider Sami  , Nousheen Jabbar  , Nazma Khan  , Arshi Nisar  , Fawad Ahmed  , Zunnoor Ahmad
Published: July 2023

Objective: To know the awareness regarding menstrual hygiene among female patients. 2. To know the knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene among female patients.
Materials & Methods: A community based, cross-sectional study was conducted at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar. A total of 230 female patients of the age group between 14-45 years were included. Patients were selected randomly and data will be collected via convenient sampling technique.
Results: The study showed 93.5% of girls believed menstruation is a normal process. Regarding the cause of menstruation, 69.1% girls said the cause is hormonal. Majority (63.9%) of the respondents believed the origin of blood is from the uterus. 54.3% were not aware about menstruation before menarche while 45.7% had knowledge about menstruation before menarche. Mothers were the source of information in majority (56.5%) of the girls. Many girls (63%) thought there is a foul smell associated with menstruation. 94.8% of the girls said menstrual blood is unhygienic. Regarding the type of absorbent material used, 77% used sanitary pad and 20% used cloth. 95.7% of the girls clean their genital area after menstruation.
Conclusion: Majority of the female patients were aware regarding menstrual hygiene and its implications on the reproductive health. This information about awareness and practice regarding menstruation and menstrual hygiene in female patients needs to be considered and health promotion programs should be implemented.
INCIDENCE OF HYPOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH DYSPHAGIA
Authors: Said Wali Khan  , Muhammad Junaid  , Muhammad Umair  , Zakir Ullah  , Muhammad Irfan  , Naik Muhammad
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the incidence of hypopharyngeal carcinoma in patients presenting with dysphagia
 Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at ENT, Head & Neck Surgery Department, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, for one year. All patients who presented with dysphagia for more than three weeks, of both genders and above 15 years of age were included in the study.
Results: A total of 342 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 60 years, with a standard deviation ± 1.87. Seventy percent of patients were male, and 30% of patients were female. Hypopharyngeal carcinoma was found in 24 patients (7%) patients.
Conclusion: Hypopharyngeal cancer should be ruled out if a patient between 40 to 70 years of age presents with dysphagia, cervical lymphadenopathy, and has a history of smoking.
USAGE OF TOLUIDINE BLUE IN EARLY DETECTION OF MALIGNANT AND PREMALIGNANT LESIONS
Authors: Tariq Khan  , Shams ul Alam  , Muhammad Aamir  , Sultan Zeb  , Mehwish Waris  , Umar Hussain  , Asmat Ullah
Published: July 2023

Objective: To Test the utility of toluidine blue staining in the early diagnosis of malignant and premalignant lesions.
Materials and Methods: This was a Randomized control clinical trial, carried out at Oral and Maxillofacial Department Gajju Khan Medical College, Bacha Khan Medical Complex, Swabi from 15th April 2019 to 15th April 2020. Twenty two patients with the clinical suspicious lesions were selected. Oral rise was done with 1% acetic acid and later Toluidine blue (1%W/W) was applied with sterile swab stick. Again oral rise was done with normal saline. Colour of the lesion was noted. Later incisional biopsy was taken as gold standard.
Results: Total of 22 cases the males were 14(63.6%) and females were 8(36.4%). The sensitivity and specificity of toluidine blue against gold standard of histopathology were 88.89% and 61.54% % respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of toluidine blue was 72.73%.
Conclusion: Toluidine blue is very good, effective and simple staining procedure. The staining method is more tolerable by the patient. It may help not only in detecting early dysplastic and malignant lesions but will also help in determining the site of biopsy to be taken.
POST-ORTHODONTIC PERIODONTAL SURGERY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF EXCESSIVE GINGIVAL DISPLAY. A REVIEW AND CASE REPORTS
Authors: Tariq Ali khan  , Safia Rehmat  , Hussam  , Zeeshan Danish  , Muhammad Naveed  , Jamil Orakzai
Published: July 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to discuss altered passive eruption as one of the etiological factors of Excessive gingival display, its diagnosis, and the periodontal surgical approach to treat Excessive gingival display after orthodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods: We present a case series of 10 patients reported to the Department of Periodontology, Khyber College of Dentistry during the year 2018 and 2019. The chief complaint of an excessive gingival display during a smile. Most of them were found with short clinical crowns, fibrotic gums, thick and flat biotype in maxillary and mandibular segments. The diagnoses were made based on classification given by Coslet et al. Periodontal surgical Flap procedure were performed, including osseous recontouring. All of these cases were treated under Local Anaesthesia.
Results: The 6 to 12 months follow up of these patients showed excellent color and contour of the gingiva. Healing was uneventful in the follow-up visits.
Conclusion: Correction of an excessive gingival display with esthetic mucogingival procedure gives esthetic and cosmetic benefits. Conventional surgical procedure using surgical blades was used as it is known to be an excellent tool as compared to other electrosurgical procedures in terms of patient and operator comfort.
PERCEPTION AND PRACTICE ABOUT DRUG PRESCRIPTION AMONG DENTAL STUDENTS OF BOLAN MEDICAL COLLEGE/SANDEMAN PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL QUETTA
Authors: Abdul Samad Gichki  , Khalil Ahmed  , Gulrukh Shah  , Zahra khan
Published: July 2023

Objective: This study aimed to assess the perception and practiceoft drug prescription among Dental Students of Bolan Medical College/Sandeman Provincial Hospital Quetta.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out from January 2019 to July 2019. A total of 50 Dental Students participated in the Study.
Results: 29% of respondents were females, and 21% were male. The age ranged from 21-25 years. Majority of the respondents were between 22-23 years. The mean age was 22 years. According to a present survey, 97% of the respondents considered dental prescription writing vital for dentists, and only 26% had exposure to new scientific knowledge for prescription writing. 88.9% considered that drugs do have a contraindication to some patients as well as to different health conditions.
Conclusion: One of the most important problems faced by Dental Students during their study year and house job training was prescription writing. For this, they should have proper knowledge regarding prescription writing and their side effects as well as their interaction with other drugs. Shows that maximum Dental Students have good prescription writing skills along with adequate pharmacological knowledge.