bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Workplace Violence on Turnover Intention: The Mediating Roles of Job Control, Psychological Demands, and Social Support
Authors: Yeh Te-Feng , Chang Yu-Chia , Feng Wei-Hsin , sclerosis Multiple , Yang Cheng-Chia
Published: December 2020

Exposing nursing staff to workplace violence workplace violence (WV) affects their psychological, emotional, and physical health; engenders increased workload; affects the medical reciprocity between nurses and patients; and ultimately leads to staff turnover intention. To preventing WV, development of intervention strategies and WV prevention measures are crucial. This study discusses the mediating effect of job control, psychological needs, and social support on WV and turnover intention. Through this discussion, this study aims to aid medical institutions in reducing their nursing staff turnover rate and to provide a reference for hospital management and decision making. A cross-sectional research method was adopted and conducted quantitative research to prove the complexity of the relationship between WV and turnover intention. Participants comprised clinical nurses working in 2 regional teaching hospital in central Taiwan. A total of 268 questionnaires were distributed, and 213 completed questionnaires were returned. Of the returned questionnaires, 198 contained valid responses, yielding a response rate of 73.9%. Our results demonstrated the mechanisms through which psychological demands and social support mediate the relationship between WV and turnover intention. This study determined the mediating effects of psychological demands and social support. The results expand the findings of previous research and demonstrate the complexity of the relationship between WV and turnover intention. Hospitals should formulate effective mechanisms for preventing and addressing incidents of WV, improve their ability to address and regulate violent incidents in clinics, reduce the psychological pressure exerted on employees, and establish communication channels for social support.
Using Multimedia for Instructor Presence in Purposeful Pedagogy-Driven Online Technical Writing Courses
Authors: Skurat Harris Heidi , Greer Michael
Published: December 2020

Teaching and composing with multimedia humanizes online technical writing and communication classes. However, students do not always see the connection between multimedia instructional materials, multimedia assignments, and the course learning outcomes. Purposeful pedagogy-driven course design uses multimedia instructional materials to connect assignments, course materials, and assessments with course outcomes. Technical writing instructors can integrate synchronous and asynchronous multimedia elements to address not only the what and why of online technical writing instruction but also the how of multimedia instructional materials. Example multimedia instructional materials and student projects discussed in the article can increase student retention and promote engaged learning.
Individual Differences in Response to Supervised Exercise Therapy for Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Whipple Mary O. , Schorr Erica N. , Talley Kristine M.C. , Wolfson Julian , Lindquist Ruth , Bronas Ulf G. , Treat-Jacobson Diane
Published: December 2020

Nonresponse to exercise has been extensively examined in young athletes but is seldom reported in studies of aerobic exercise interventions in older adults. This study examined the prevalence of nonresponse and poor response to exercise in functional and quality of life outcomes and response patterns between and among older adults undergoing 12-weeks of supervised exercise therapy for the management of peripheral artery disease ( N = 44, mean age 72.3 years, 47.7% female). The prevalence of nonresponse (no change/decline in performance) in walking distance was 31.8%. The prevalence of poor response (lack of a clinically meaningful improvement) was 43.2%. Similar patterns of response were observed in both objective and patient-reported measures of physical function. All participants improved in at least one outcome; only two participants improved in all measured outcomes. Additional research should examine modifiable predictors of response to inform programming and maximize an individual’s potential benefit from exercise therapy.
Why do small businesses seek support for managing people? Implications for theory and policy from an analysis of UK small business survey data
Authors: Antcliff Valerie , Lupton Ben , Atkinson Carol
Published: December 2020

This article explores the characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that seek external human resource (HR) support and the circumstances in which they do so, drawing on the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm and recent growth theories. Original analysis of UK Longitudinal Small Business Survey data indicates that few SMEs seek HR support and that they are more likely to seek information than strategic advice. Resource deficiencies were not found to be a driver for seeking HR support, rather this was associated with business changes or challenges. Theoretically, we develop a model that identifies dynamic capabilities for HR support, integrated within an RBV framework. This is novel in integrating the concepts of ‘human process advantage’ and ‘human capital advantage’ from the strategic HR literature with dynamic capabilities theory. We draw out the implications of the findings and the model for future research and policy development.
Book review: Anila Verghese, Swarupa Kamat and Rashna Poncha (ed.), Mumbai: Socio-cultural Perspectives—Contributions of Ethnic Groups and Communities
Authors: Ganachari Aravind
Published: December 2020

Anila Verghese, Swarupa Kamat and Rashna Poncha (ed.), Mumbai: Socio-cultural Perspectives—Contributions of Ethnic Groups and Communities. New Delhi: Primus Books, 2018. 256 pp., ₹995.
Book review: Chand Singh, Aspects of Medieval Indian Architecture
Authors: Singh Mahender
Published: December 2020

Chand Singh, Aspects of Medieval Indian Architecture. Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan, 2015, ₹2,950, 147 pp., ISBN: 9788173201554.
On the Front Lines of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Occupational Experiences of the Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Assault Workforce
Authors: Wood Leila , Schrag Rachel Voth , Baumler Elizabeth , Hairston Dixie , Guillot-Wright Shannon , Torres Elizabeth , Temple Jeff R.
Published: December 2020

In the face of increasing risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual assault during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need to understand the experiences of the workforce providing support to survivors, as well as the evolving service delivery methods, shifting safety planning approaches, and occupational stress of frontline workers. We addressed this gap by conducting an online survey of members of IPV and sexual assault workforce using a broad, web-based recruitment strategy. In total, 352 staff from 24 states participated. We collaborated with practitioner networks and anti-violence coalitions to develop the brief survey, which included questions about work and health, safety planning, and stress. We used chi-square, t-test, and ANOVA analysis techniques to analyze differences within position and demographic variables. For qualitative data, we used thematic analysis to analyze responses from four open-ended questions. The sample was majority female-identified (93.7%) and essential workers in dual IPV and sexual assault programs (80.7%). Findings demonstrated that since the pandemic began, IPV and sexual assault staff are experiencing more personal and professional stressors, perceive a decrease in client safety, and lack resources needed to help survivors and themselves. Common problems included a lack of food or supplies at home and work and housing and financial support for survivors. There was a 51% increase in the use of video conference for work, which contributed to workforce strain. Reductions in overall service capacity and a shift to remote service provision have implications for both survivors and staff. These findings suggest a critical need for additional training, infrastructure, and support for the IPV and sexual assault workforce. There is an urgent need to classify IPV and sexual assault staff as first responders and address the occupational stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Concurrent scheduling and layout of virtual manufacturing cells considering assembly aspects
Authors: Forghani Kamran , Fatemi Ghomi S. M. T. , Kia Reza
Published: December 2020

Cell formation, scheduling, and facility layout are three main decisions in designing manufacturing cells. In this paper, we address the integration of these decisions in virtual manufacturing cells considering assembly aspects and process routing. We develop a mathematical model to determine the machine cells, the layout of machines and workstations on the shop floor, the processing route of parts, and the production sequence of operations on the machines. In this mathematical model, material handling costs and cycle time are minimized. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that concurrently addresses the scheduling and layout of virtual manufacturing cells with assembly aspects and so-called criteria. To effectively solve the problem, a Population-based Simulated Annealing (PSA) combined with linear programming is proposed. The practical usability of the developed model is demonstrated in a case study. Finally, instances from the literature are solved to evaluate the performance of the PSA. The comparison results showed the superior performance of the PSA in comparison with CPLEX solver and standard simulated annealing.
The permissible wheel load, wheel radius, and speed on a railroad
Authors: Hasan Nazmul
Published: December 2020

The paper aims to determine the permissible wheel load, wheel radius, and speed on a railroad considering fatigue shear stress in the rail head. In the literature, there are permissible wheel load and wheel radius formulae which consider shear fatigue limit as permissible shear stress; and hence do not offer acceptable wheel load, radius and speed. The deficiency lies in the permissible shear fatigue stress value. The permissible shear fatigue stress is suggested to be 24.4% of the tensile strength of rail steel with an assumed reliability of 99%. Addressing the deficiency, formulae are suggested for permissible wheel load, wheel radius and speed under three approaches. The formulae are generalised too considering the coefficient of friction at the wheel tread/rail interface. The permissible speed is suggested to be the minimum of two speeds based on the permissible shear fatigue stress at the wheel tread/rail interface and bending fatigue stress at the rail foot. A bending fatigue stress corresponding to a reliability of 95% is suggested for heavy haul because it makes a close balance between the two aforementioned speeds.
A bioprinted composite hydrogel with controlled shear stress on cells
Authors: Bakhtiiari Amirhossein , Khorshidi Rezvan , Yazdian Fatemeh , Rashedi Hamid , Omidi Meisam
Published: December 2020

In recent decades, three dimensional (3D) bio-printing technology has found widespread use in tissue engineering applications. The aim of this study is to scrutinize different parameters of the bioprinter – with the help of simulation software – to print a hydrogel so much so that avoid high amounts of shear stress which is detrimental for cell viability and cell proliferation. Rheology analysis was done on several hydrogels composed of different percentages of components: alginate, collagen, and gelatin. The results have led to the combination of percentages collagen:alginate:gelatin (1:4:8)% as the best condition which makes sol-gel transition at room temperature possible. The results have shown the highest diffusion rate and cell viability for the cross-linked sample with 1.5% CaCl2 for the duration of 1 h. Finally, we have succeeded in printing the hydrogel that is mechanically strong with suitable degradation rate and cell viability.
Hepatitis A susceptibility in newly attending men who have sex with men to an urban sexual health centre
Authors: Fitzpatrick Colin , Finnerty Fionnuala , Williams Deborah , Richardson Daniel
Published: December 2020

Within the UK, the majority of hepatitis A occurs in high risk groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM). It has been estimated that 70% of MSM need immunity to provide adequate herd immunity. We aimed to estimate the proportion of hepatitis A susceptibility in MSM throughout a 10-year period (2010–2019), and explore associated demographic factors. Using our Electronic Patient Record system, we extracted anonymous clinical data between for MSM at their first attendance; including hepatitis A IgG result, age, country of birth and diagnosis of an STI. Overall, 1401/6884(20%) were tested for hepatitis A IgG at their first attendance, with 626/1401 (45%, 95% CI = 42%–47%) showing susceptibility. Testing rates increased between 2010–2019 (OR = 67.79, 95%CI = 39.09–117.60, p = <0.0001); however, susceptibility remained similar (OR = 0.98, 95%CI = 0.33–2.89, p = 0.98). MSM aged 35 and under had significantly higher susceptibility vs MSM aged over 35 (OR 3.4176, 95%CI = 2.71–4.31, p = <0.0001). UK-born had significantly higher susceptibility vs non-UK born (OR 1.5, 95%CI = 1.2147–1.8618, p = 0.0002). Susceptibility of hepatitis A in MSM may be higher than necessary to control future outbreaks. It is important that effective targeting of MSM, particularly young MSM, occur at all levels of healthcare and not solely rely on opportunistic presentation at a sexual health clinic.
Effects of low- and high-frequency electroacupuncture on protein expression and distribution of TRPV1 and P2X3 in rats with peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Du Junying , Fang Junfan , Xiang Xuaner , Yu Jie , Le Xiaoqin , Liang Yi , Jin Xiaoming , Fang Jianqiao
Published: December 2020

Background:

Whether electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation at different frequencies has a similar effect on spared nerve injury (SNI) as other neuropathic pain models, and how EA at different frequencies causes distinct analgesic effects on neuropathic pain is still not clear.

Methods:

Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham SNI, SNI, 2 Hz, 100 Hz and sham EA groups. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) were measured. EA was performed once a day on days 1 to 14 after SNI. The expressions of transient receptor potential cation subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) and peripheral purinergic P2X receptor 3 (P2X3) were determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence. TRPV1 siRNA and P2X3 siRNA were administered by intrathecal injection. TRPV1 or P2X3 agonists were combined with EA.

Results:

There were significant decreases in PWT, but no changes in PWL in the 14 days after SNI. EA using 2- or 100-Hz stimulation similarly increased PWT at every time point. The cytosol protein expression of P2X3 in the L4–L6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) increased, but the expression of TRPV1 decreased in the SNI model. Both these effects were ameliorated by EA, with 2-Hz stimulation having a stronger effect than 100-Hz stimulation. Blocking either TRPV1 or P2X3 specific siRNAs attenuated the decreased PWT induced by SNI. Administration of either a TRPV1 or P2X3 agonist inhibited EA analgesia.

Conclusion:

2- and 100-Hz EA similarly induced analgesic effects in SNI. This effect was related to up-regulation and down-regulation, respectively, of cytosol protein expression of P2X3 and TRPV1 in L4–L6 DRG, with 2 Hz having a better effect than 100 Hz.
Impact of Microfinance Village Savings and Loan Associations on Women’s Empowerment and Resilience Against Vulnerability in Malawi
Authors: Maganga Andrew
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore and discuss the impact of village savings and loan associations (VSLAs) on socio-economic changes among women and resilience against vulnerability. The study employed a descriptive research design, and household-survey methods were used to obtain data from two districts: Chiradzulu Tradition Authority Maoni and Blantyre Rural Traditional Authority Kapeni. The multi-stage sampling method was used to select the samples. The sample size was 70 ( n = 70) women from VSLA groups, and the data obtained were analysed using ‘Statistical Package for the Social Sciences’ (SPSS). The findings of the study show the positive contributions of VSLAs towards women, such as an increase in the economic and social level of members. Despite these positive results, it was found that VSLA members have no access to loans from external organisations or banks, and there is also a lack of training among the VSLA members.
Psychometric Properties, Factor Structure, and Gender and Educational Level Invariance of the Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS) in Spanish Children and Adolescents
Authors: Martín-Puga M. Eva , Justicia-Galiano M. José , Gómez-Pérez M. Mar , Pelegrina Santiago
Published: December 2020

The present study aimed to investigate the factor structure and degree of measurement invariance of a Spanish adaptation of the Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS) in primary and secondary school students ( N = 1,504 students, 46.08% males, 7-19 years of age). The results of confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the original two-factor structure, although a modified two-factor model with one item loading simultaneously on both factors was better supported. Full measurement invariance was observed across gender, and partial measurement invariance was achieved across educational levels (primary and secondary education). The AMAS showed reasonable internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and convergent validity. These results highlight the utility of the AMAS as a measure of math anxiety in primary and secondary school students whose scores can be compared by gender and educational level.
Vitrectomy with air tamponade and cryotherapy for retinal detachment repair without perfluorocarbon use: A UK 12-month prospective case series
Authors: Moussa George , Mathews Namita , Makhzoum Osama , Park Dong Y
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is commonly managed by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Gas tamponade has significant clinical and quality of life factors that affect the patient. Using shorter acting air tamponade, intuitively leads to surgical concern for higher rate of primary detachment. To circumvent this, surgeons advocate the use of perfluorocarbon to maximise sub-retinal-fluid drainage when using air tamponade and/or avoid using cryotherapy due to longer duration for scar formation relative to laser. These steps are a deviation from traditional technique for otherwise routine primary RRD repair and discourages popularisation of using air tamponade despite the benefits to patients.

Method:

Prospective 12-month, single centre, single surgeon, consecutive study from January to December 2019. Inclusion criteria was as per based on the pneumatic retinopexy versus vitrectomy for retinal detachment: (i) single retinal break or group of breaks, no larger than 1-clock-hour (30°), in detached retina; (ii) all breaks in detached retina lie above the 8 to 4 o’clock meridian; and (iii) breaks or lattice degeneration in attached retina at any location. We excluded PVR formation and RRD in the inferior 4 o’clock hours.

Results:

We report primary and final success rate of 96% and 100%, respectively in 23 eyes (22 macular-on and one macular-off) with RRD eyes in a 12-month period. Cryopexy was utilised in 65% patients and in isolation in 23% with no perfluorocarbon use in all eyes.

Conclusion:

We show cryotherapy can be used safely in AT-RRD without PFCL in RRD fulfilling PIVOT trial criteria with minimal cataract formation and IOP spikes and faster post-operative visual rehabilitation.
Dietary Fat Quality in Normolipidic Diets Affects Hepatocyte’s Nuclear Phenotypes
Authors: Barbutti Isabella , Laurentino Jesse C , VA da Silva Natalia , Deoclécio Vinicius S , Ferrucci Danilo , Carvalho Hernandes F
Published: December 2020

Dietary fat quality affects overall systemic parameters and produce hepatic accumulation of fat and inflammation (steatohepatitis). In this communication we have assessed how mouse liver nuclear phenotypes are influenced by diets containing 7% lipid prepared with lard, linseed oil or soybean oil for 32 weeks. Liver specimens were imprinted on glass slides, fixed and stained with DAPI. 3D confocal images were obtained and employed for the calculation of nuclear thickness, nuclear volume and DAPI-DNA intensity. Hepatocytes’ nuclei could be classified as diploid A, diploid B, tetraploid and higher ploidy levels. Linseed oil in the diet resulted in increased frequency of diploid A (more compact) and less polyploidy, while lard caused increased volume and more polyploidy. Soybean oil produced intermediate nuclear sizes. The results suggest a high demand on liver physiology promoted by lard, which has a predominance of saturated fatty acids, while linseed oil promoted the opposite effect.
‘Re-socialisation' in isolated spaces: A case study on the social organisation of Fangcang shelter hospital patients under extreme spatial conditions
Authors: Li Jie , Shu Yeshuo , Chen Ningkang , Wang Fang , Li Hui
Published: December 2020

Fangcang shelter hospitals – erected by installing medical equipment in large public venues – played an essential role during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Their isolation, interior density and patients' mutual exposure deviate from normal living conditions, necessitating the study on the adaptation, social organisation and emotional response of patients. For this purpose, we conducted spatial analysis, semi-structured interviews with patients and medical workers and social media mining. We found: (1) Patients were deprived of former identities and equalised upon hospitalisation, which formed the basis of later self-organised hierarchical social relationships. (2) Intimate spatial structures expedited relationship construction among neighbouring patients and facilitated community building by expanding the influence that the more active patients exerted on the passive ones. (3) These social situations generally helped alleviate patients' anxiety. Our study reveals the social and emotional ramifications of such emergency spaces on people, thus providing insight for pandemic response and other global emergencies. It also responds to the theory of ‘the production of space' and elucidate the theory of ‘total institutions' from a new perspective.
Exact solution for free vibration analysis of linearly varying thickness FGM plate using Galerkin-Vlasov’s method
Authors: Kumar V , Singh SJ , Saran VH , Harsha SP
Published: December 2020

The present paper investigates the free vibration analysis for functionally graded material plates of linearly varying thickness. A non-polynomial higher order shear deformation theory is used, which is based on inverse hyperbolic shape function for the tapered FGM plate. Three different types of material gradation laws, specifically: a power (P-FGM), exponential (E-FGM), and sigmoid law (S-FGM) are used to calculate the property variation in the thickness direction of FGM plate. The variational principle has been applied to derive the governing differential equation for the plates. Non-dimensional frequencies have been evaluated by considering the semi-analytical approach viz. Galerkin-Vlasov’s method. The accuracy of the preceding formulation has been validated through numerical examples consisting of constant thickness and tapered (variable thickness) plates. The findings obtained by this method are found to be in close agreement with the published results. Parametric studies are then explored for different geometric parameters like taper ratio and boundary conditions. It is deduced that the frequency parameter is maximum for S-FGM tapered plate as compared to E- and P-FGM tapered plate. Consequently, it is concluded that the S-FGM tapered plate is suitable for those engineering structures that are subjected to huge excitations to avoid resonance conditions. In addition, it is found that the taper ratio is significantly affected by the type of constraints on the edges of the tapered FGM plate. Some novel results for FGM plate with variable thickness are also computed that can be used as benchmark results for future reference.
Block models for generalized multipartite networks: Applications in ecology and ethnobiology
Authors: Bar-Hen Avner , Barbillon Pierre , Donnet Sophie
Published: December 2020

Generalized multipartite networks consist in the joint observation of several networks implying some common pre-specified groups of individuals. Such complex networks arise commonly in social sciences, biology, ecology, etc. We propose a flexible probabilistic model named Multipartite Block Model (MBM) able to unravel the topology of multipartite networks by identifying clusters (blocks) of nodes sharing the same patterns of connectivity across the collection of networks they are involved in. The model parameters are estimated through a variational version of the Expectation–Maximization algorithm. The numbers of blocks are chosen using an Integrated Completed Likelihood criterion specifically designed for our model. A simulation study illustrates the robustness of the inference strategy. Finally, two datasets respectively issued from ecology and ethnobiology are analyzed with the MBM in order to illustrate its flexibility and its relevance for the analysis of real datasets.

The inference procedure is implemented in an R -package GREMLIN , available on Github ( https://github.com/Demiperimetre/GREMLINhttps://github.com/Demiperimetre/GREMLIN ).
Early Outcomes of Isolated Aortic Valve Replacement Through Right Anterior Minithoracotomy Using the Latest-Generation Biological Prosthesis
Authors: Amirjamshidi Hossein , Vidovich Courtney , Goodman Ariana , Knight Peter A.
Published: December 2020

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate early and intermediate outcomes and hemodynamics of the latest-generation Trifecta valve implanted using right anterior minithoracotomy.

Methods

We performed a single-center, retrospective, observational study including 175 individuals who underwent isolated minimally invasive aortic valve replacement with the latest-generation Trifecta valves through a right anterior minithoracotomy between January 2016 and January 2019. Exclusion criteria for follow-up echocardiographic study included concomitant procedures, conversion to median sternotomy, and nonsurvival during the index admission. Analyses addressed implantation safety, 30-day and intermediate-term survival and hemodynamic performance of the valves.

Results

Overall, patients were followed with duration ranging from 0.5 to 3 years. Early (<30 days) mortality occurred in 2 patients (1.1%), and there were 9 (5.1%) late (>30 days) deaths. Early thromboembolic events and postoperative bleeding requiring reoperation occurred at a rate of 4.0% ( n = 7) and 6.2% ( n = 11), respectively. Overall in 175 patients who met inclusion criteria for the follow-up echocardiography study, mean gradients across all valve sizes were 41.3 ± 14.9 (standard deviation) mm Hg preoperatively and remained low at 7.2 ± 3.9 mm Hg with mean effective orifice area of 1.8 ± 0.5 cm2 on the last follow-up echo. There was 1 case of infective prosthetic endocarditis, which did not require valve explant. There were no reoperations due to valve-related problems during the study period.

Conclusions

This is the largest series reporting on outcomes of the latest-generation Trifecta valve implanted using right anterior minithoracotomy. Our results demonstrate that this valve can be safely implanted via a minimally invasive approach with excellent early and intermediate outcomes and hemodynamic performance.
From Uncommon Infection to Multi-Cranial Palsy: Malignant External Otitis Insights
Authors: Ferlito Salvatore , Maniaci Antonino , Di Luca Milena , Grillo Calogero , Mannelli Lorenzo , Salvatore Marco , La Mantia Ignazio , Spinato Giacomo , Cocuzza Salvatore
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

The progression of the otitic infectious process toward diseases of particular severity is often unpredictable, just as it is challenging to manage the patient over time, even after the apparent resolution of the disease. We aim to define a radiological reading key that allows us to correctly and promptly treat the disease, avoiding the possible severe complications.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective study of 13 cases of basal cranial osteomyelitis (SBO) due to malignant external otitis, by the ENT Department of the University of Catania. Through a standardized approach and following the latest guidelines, we have evaluated all patients performing a standardized and personalized radiological protocol according to the stage of the patient’s pathology and modulating the treatment consequently.

Results:

Clinical signs have been observed such as otorrhea (100%), otalgia in 13/13 patients (100%), granulations in external auditory canal (100%), preauricular cellulitis in 9/13 patients (69%) headache 6/13 cases (46%), dysphonia 4/13 cases (31%). HRCT of the temporal bone proved useful in identifying even minimal bone lesions in 13/13 (100%) while improving MRI in vascular and nervous involvement, although in 1/13 patient with nerve palsy clinical symptomatology preceded radiological evidence. The 99mTc 3-phase planar bone scintigraphy was positive for SBO in 9/13 cases (69%) during the initial phase and, in 100% of the cases in images delayed to 2-3 hours. Subsequent checks up to 1 year, using the Ga 67 scintigraphy, excluded the presence of recurrences in 100% of patients.

Conclusion:

The osteomyelitis of the base of the skull is a severe complication of malignant external otitis, often not always easily diagnosed. Recurrence can occur up to 1 year after stopping therapy. Imaging techniques such as Tc and MRI are relevant for the initial diagnostic approach and the staging of the pathology and its complications. Nuclear medicine imaging plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of related osteoblastic activity, especially in the remission phase of the disease.
Triterpenoids with α-glucosidase inhibitory activities from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta
Authors: Li Bing , Wang Ru-Yue , Zhao Ye , Yu Yi-Fan , Zhang Zhan-Xin , Hu Fang-Di , Gao Kun , Fei Dong-Qing
Published: December 2020

A new taraxerane-type triterpenoid, codopimodol A (1), together with two known triterpenoids (2 and 3), were isolated from the EtOH extract of the roots of Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta (Campanulaceae). The structure of the new compound was identified by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and extensive spectroscopic analyses, particularly one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR and IR. All the compounds were first isolated from C. pilosula var. modesta. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.
New psychoactive substances: a review and updates
Authors: Shafi Abu , Berry Alex J. , Sumnall Harry , Wood David M. , Tracy Derek K.
Published: December 2020

New psychoactive substances (NPS) are a heterogeneous group of substances. They are associated with a number of health and social harms on an individual and societal level. NPS toxicity and dependence syndromes are recognised in primary care, emergency departments, psychiatric inpatient and community care settings. One pragmatic classification system is to divide NPS into one of four groups: synthetic stimulants, synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic hallucinogens and synthetic depressants (which include synthetic opioids and benzodiazepines). We review these four classes of NPS, including their chemical structures, mechanism of action, modes of use, intended intoxicant effects, and their associated physical and mental health harms. The current challenges faced by laboratory testing for NPS are also explored, in the context of the diverse range of NPS currently available, rate of production and emergence of new substances, the different formulations, and methods of acquisition and distribution.
Characteristics of Femoral Torsion Angles and Relationships Between Femoral Torsion Angles and Hip Rotational Motion Variables in Adult Baseball Players
Authors: Takeuchi Satoshi , Sugimoto Katsumasa , Goto Hideyuki , Tsuchiya Atsushi , Takenaga Tetsuya , Takaba Keishi , Saito Masayoshi , Futamura Hidenori , Murakami Hideki , Yoshida Masahito
Published: December 2020

Background:

Abnormalities in hip rotational motion (HRM) are risk factors for throwing injuries. To evaluate hip rotational motion, it is necessary to assess the torsion angle. However, no studies have investigated the femoral torsion angle (FTA) in baseball players.

Purpose:

To investigate differences in hip FTA of adult baseball players through use of ultrasonography to evaluate the relationship between the FTA and HRM.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 149 elite male baseball players (mean age, 20.0 ± 1.8 years; 64 pitchers, 85 position players) were enrolled in this study. Ultrasonographic assessment of FTA was performed based on the tilting angles of the anterior surface of the femoral neck and condylar axis. The hip internal rotation (HIR) and hip external rotation (HER) were assessed at 0° and 90° of flexion. Data related to FTA and HRM were compared between hips and between pitchers and position players.

Results:

No significant difference was observed in the FTAs between hips for any player (lead hip, 20.5° ± 9.2°; trail hip, 19.6° ± 9.8°; P = .276). No significant difference was observed in FTAs of both hips between pitchers and position players (lead hip, 20.1° ± 9.4° and 20.9° ± 9.0°, respectively, P = .957; trail hip, 19.5° ± 9.8° and 19.7° ± 9.8°, P = .999). In terms of HER in 90° of hip flexion in both hips, significant differences were observed in HRM variables between pitchers and position players (lead hip, 33.0° ± 8.9° and 37.5° ± 9.8°, respectively, P = .024; trail hip, 35.6° ± 9.6° and 40.4° ± 10.2°, P = .035). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant agreement between the FTA and HIR at both 0° ( R = 0.298, P < .001) and 90° of hip flexion ( R = 0.279, P < .001).

Conclusion:

Our findings indicated that FTAs were not different between the hips of elite baseball players. Abnormalities of the HRM are not caused by differences in the FTA but rather involve soft tissue tightness around the hip area or other bony morphologic factors in the hip joint.
Who Passes Return-to-Sport Tests, and Which Tests Are Most Strongly Associated With Return to Play After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?
Authors: Webster Kate E. , Feller Julian A.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Return-to-sport (RTS) testing after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) surgery has become popular. It has been recommended that such testing should incorporate several domains, or set of tests, but it is unclear which are most associated with a successful RTS.

Purpose:

To determine (1) the proportion of patients who can pass a set of self-report and functional tests at 6 months after ACLR; (2) age, sex, and activity level differences between patients who pass and those who do not; and (3) whether specific types of tests are associated with a return to competitive sport at 12 months.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

This was a prospective longitudinal study of 450 patients who had primary ACLR. At 6 months postoperatively, patients completed 2 self-report measures, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee form and ACL–Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale, and 3 functional measures: single hop and triple crossover hop for distance and isokinetic quadriceps strength. Limb symmetry index scores of ≥90 for functional tests, IKDC scores ≥85, and ACL-RSI scores ≥65 were considered indicators of satisfactory recovery. Proportional statistics and contingency analysis were used to determine associations between age, sex, preinjury sports level, and (1) meeting test thresholds and (2) RTS at 12 months.

Results:

Only 17 (3.8%) patients met all 5 test criteria at 6 months, and 95 (21%) patients did not pass any test. More of the younger patients (<21 years) passed all of the functional tests ( P < .01), and more male patients met the IKDC threshold ( P = .03). Patients who played level I sports before injury had the same pass rates as those who played level II/III sports. Patients who passed the thresholds for the ACL-RSI and IKDC scales had 4 and 3 times the odds, respectively, of RTS at 12 months (both P < .0001). Meeting the threshold for quadriceps strength or either of the hop tests at 6 months was not associated with RTS.

Conclusion:

At 6 months after ACLR, few patients met all of the thresholds of the common tests used to assess RTS ability, although younger patients had higher rates of passing the functional tests. Self-perceived symptoms/function and psychological readiness were associated with a return at 12 months.
Fighting against COVID-19: preparedness and implications on clinical practice in primary care in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Tse Desiree Man-Sik , Li Zhuo , Lu Ye , Li Yang , Liu Ying , Wong William Chi Wai
Published: December 2020

Background

The new coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) caused by COVID-19 has affected more than 46 million people worldwide. In China, primary care has played a vital role during the COVID-19 outbreak, and it is important to examine the challenges faced by general practitioners (GPs). This study investigated the roles, preparedness and training needs of GPs in China in managing the NCP outbreak. Based on the outcomes of the study, we hope to take lessons and identify how GPs could be supported in delivering their gatekeeping roles and clinical duties in times of infectious disease outbreak.

Methods

An online survey on the official website of Shenzhen Continuing Education Center. It included questions on GPs’ demographics, their awareness of COVID-19 and their preparedness in managing suspected cases of NCP, as well as referrals and their training needs. Conditional multi-variate logistic models were used to investigate the relationships between GPs’ preparedness, situational confidence and anxiety.

Results

GPs’ clinical practice was significantly affected. GPs endeavoured to answer a flood of COVID-19-related enquiries, while undertaking community preventive tasks. In addition to in-person consultations, GP promoted COVID-19 awareness and education through telephone consultations, physical posters and social media. Overall GPs in Shenzhen felt well supported with adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and resources from secondary care services. Higher levels of self-perceived preparedness (OR = 2.19; 95%CI, 1.04–4.61), lower level of anxiety (OR = 0.56; 95%CI, 0.29–1.09) and fewer perceived family worries (OR = 0.37; 95%CI, 0.12–1.12) were associated with better confidence in coping at work.

Conclusions

Training and supporting GPs while reducing their (and their families’) anxiety increase their confidence in delivering the important roles of gatekeeping in face of major disease outbreaks.
Increased care at discharge from COVID-19: The association between pre-admission frailty and increased care needs after hospital discharge; a multicentre European observational cohort study
Authors:   on behalf of the COPE Study, Vilches-Moraga A. , Price A. , Braude P. , Pearce L. , Short R. , Verduri A. , Stechman M. , Collins J. T. , Mitchell E. , Einarsson A. G. , Moug S. J. , Quinn T. J. , Stubbs B. , McCarthy K. , Myint P. K. , Hewitt J. , Carter B.
Published: December 2020

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed significant pressure on health and social care. Survivors of COVID-19 may be left with substantial functional deficits requiring ongoing care. We aimed to determine whether pre-admission frailty was associated with increased care needs at discharge for patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.

Methods

Patients were included if aged over 18 years old and admitted to hospital with COVID-19 between 27 February and 10 June 2020. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) was used to assess pre-admission frailty status. Admission and discharge care levels were recorded. Data were analysed using a mixed-effects logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, comorbidities, and admission CRP as a marker of severity of disease.

Results

Thirteen hospitals included patients: 1671 patients were screened, and 840 were excluded including, 521 patients who died before discharge (31.1%). Of the 831 patients who were discharged, the median age was 71 years (IQR, 58–81 years) and 369 (44.4%) were women. The median length of hospital stay was 12 days (IQR 6–24). Using the CFS, 438 (47.0%) were living with frailty (≥ CFS 5), and 193 (23.2%) required an increase in the level of care provided. Multivariable analysis showed that frailty was associated with an increase in care needs compared to patients without frailty (CFS 1–3). The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were as follows: CFS 4, 1.99 (0.97–4.11); CFS 5, 3.77 (1.94–7.32); CFS 6, 4.04 (2.09–7.82); CFS 7, 2.16 (1.12–4.20); and CFS 8, 3.19 (1.06–9.56).

Conclusions

Around a quarter of patients admitted with COVID-19 had increased care needs at discharge. Pre-admission frailty was strongly associated with the need for an increased level of care at discharge. Our results have implications for service planning and public health policy as well as a person's functional outcome, suggesting that frailty screening should be utilised for predictive modelling and early individualised discharge planning.
How I (Gradually) Became a Labor Historian
Authors: Smith Stacey L.
Published: December 2020

Using an autobiographical approach, this essay reflects on the relationship between labor history and recent scholarship on the Civil War and Reconstruction era. The essay argues that putting these two fields back into conversation with each other will be vital to understanding the construction of the post–Civil War US state.
Surgical Management of Orbital Abscesses in Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): A report of seven cases
Authors: THOMAS ALN , KAZAKOS GM , PARDALI D. , PATSIKAS MN , KOMNENOU A. TH.
Published: December 2020

A case series of seven domestic rabbits with profound exophthalmos and epiphora are presented. Appetite and physical activity of the animals were mildly or severely reduced. Clinical and detailed ophthalmic examination including intraocular pressure measurements were performed, along with radiographic and ultrasonographic examination. In all animals retrobulbar masses were diagnosed forcing the globe to protrude. Teeth malocclusion was also noticed in most of the animals. Surgical intervention under general anaesthesia, included abscess drainage,flushing and teeth removal. During surgery, samples for bacterial culture and cytology exanimation were obtained. Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus spp and Pseudomonas spp were isolated, while cytology confirmed the clinical diagnosis of abscess formation. Surgical management resulted in retropulsion of ocular bulbi and infection elimination. Marsupialization of the abscesses facilitated flushing and topical antibiotic application postoperatively. Animals were treated postoperatively with antibiotics for at least one month, analgesics, daily wound flushing by the owner and regular debridement. Six months after surgery three rabbits had no ocular symptoms while two died in the first two months post surgically, one was lost to follow up and the other died due to unrelated cause. In conclusion, treatment of retrobulbar abscesses in rabbits may be challenging and unrewarding. Surgical management of retrobulbar abscesses without enucleation is a feasible approach, permitting vision-retaining, whereas a multimodal approach consisting of a combination of surgical and medical treatment is often necessary for a successful outcome. Τhe owner should be informed for the long lasting postoperative care as well as the high percentage of relapse.
Paradiplomacy and social cohesion: The case of the participation of the Greek municipalities in European city networks
Authors: Karvounis Antonios
Published: December 2020

The recognition of the international role of the paradiplomatic initiatives of local authorities, in combination with the limited academic attention of paradiplomacy for city networking, set the framework of the present article. Its main theme is focused on the participation of the Greek municipalities in European social city networks during the programming period 2007-2013. The general research finding of the article is that the participation of Greek municipalities in European social city networks entails changes at the levels of structures, policies and procedures, but the above results are filtered by the endogenous framework of mentalities, bureaucratic procedures and organisational deficits of local government.
Μαρία Καραµεσίνη - Jill Rubery (Επιµέλεια) Γυναίκες και Λιτότητα. Η οικονοµική κρίση και το µέλλον της ισότητας των φύλων
Authors: Στρατηγάκη Μαρία
Published: December 2020

no abstract
A Method to adjust for measurement error in multiple exposure variables measured with correlated errors in the absence of an internal validation study
Authors: Muoka Alexander K. , Agogo George O. , Ngesa Oscar O. , Mwambi Henry G.
Published: December 2020

Difficulty in obtaining the correct measurement for an individual’s longterm exposure is a major challenge in epidemiological studies that investigate the association between exposures and health outcomes. Measurement error in an exposure biases the association between the exposure and a disease outcome. Usually, an internal validation study is required to adjust for exposure measurement error; it is challenging if such a study is not available. We propose a general method for adjusting for measurement error where multiple exposures are measured with correlated errors (a multivariate method) and illustrate the method using real data. We compare the results from the multivariate method with those obtained using a method that ignores measurement error (the naive method) and a method that ignores correlations between the errors and true exposures (the univariate method). It is found that ignoring measurement error leads to bias and underestimates the standard error. A sensitivity analysis shows that the magnitude of adjustment in the multivariate method is sensitive to the magnitude of measurement error, sign, and the correlation between the errors. We conclude that the multivariate method can be used to adjust for bias in the outcome-exposure association in a case where multiple exposures are measured with correlated errors in the absence of an internal validation study. The method is also useful in conducting a sensitivity analysis on the magnitude of measurement error and the sign of the error correlation.
Publicidades em revista digital: sua relação com a homepage e implicações para leitura
Authors: Fenna Jakeline De Melo , Da Luz Tania Pereira
Published: December 2020

A linguagem digital está presente no cotidiano de muitas pessoas em diversas situações. Por esta razão, muitos gêneros e suportes do meio impresso se deslocaram e/ou adaptaram-se ao ambiente virtual. Entre eles, temos o suporte revista, com seus vários gêneros. Esta pesquisa trata das publicidades em duas revistas digitais em Língua Espanhola, sua relação com o gênero homepage e possíveis implicações na leitura. Como resultados, concluímos que a relação entre os dois gêneros analisados se dá de maneira diferente devido ao suporte em que estão inseridos.Variam, não só porque saem do meio impresso, mas, inclusive, dentro do ambiente digital. E, com isso, reforça-se a importância da leitura como uma atividade a ser ensinada, para que o leitor se torne proficiente no contato com os diversos gêneros que circulam em seu meio, tendo um posicionamento crítico e ativo no processo de compreensão leitora.