bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational role of homogeneous–heterogeneous chemical reactions and a mixed convective ternary hybrid nanofluid in a vertical porous microchannel
Authors: Roja Ajjanna , Saadeh Rania , Madhukesh Javali Kotresh , Shamshuddin MD. , Prasad Koushik Vijaya , Khan Umair , Prakash Chander , Hussain Syed Modassir
Published: November 2024

This article mainly scrutinizes the heat transfer and flow characteristics of a mixed convection ternary hybrid nanofluid in a porous microchannel considering the catalytic chemical reaction and nonuniform heat absorption/generation. Using appropriate similarity transformations, the modeled equations are converted into reduced ones and then solved via the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg 4th/5th order method. To strengthen this analysis, the convection mechanism has been deployed. The effect of pertinent physical parameters on the fluid motion and thermal field is displayed, including some important engineering variables like the Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and drag force. The novel outcomes display that the flow reduces with porous permeability and nanoparticle volume fraction. The temperature of the nanofluid improves with nonuniform heat absorption/generation. The concentration decreases in the presence of both homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction intensities. The heat transfer rate enhances for the Eckert number, and a similar influence on the mass transfer rate is noticed for homogeneous reaction parameters. Further, the drag force declines for the Grashof number. The outcomes show that, in all cases, the ternary hybrid nanofluid shows a greater impact than the nanofluid. The attained findings represent applications in the era of cooling and heating systems, thermal engineering, and energy production.
Assessing the effectiveness of surgical treatment in infants with choanal atresia
Authors: Breeva Olga A. , Polunin Mihail M. , Asmanov Alan I.
Published: November 2024

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of the stentless endoscopic technique for congenital choanal atresia in infants. Material and methods. Subjects: 51 infants younger than 1 year of age undergoing the stentless choanoplasty procedure. Main group: 27 children who underwent surgery for the first time Comparison group: 24 children who experienced relapse after traditional stent-tube choanoplasty. To assess results, endoscopic examinations and saturation levels were used. The quality of life was evaluated using the Qualite de vie du Nourisson questionnaire for children between 3 and 12 months of age. Parents of 45 children were involved: 25 from the main group and 20 from the comparison group. Results. An endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity/nasopharynx in 50 patients showed no signs of restenosis over a 1- to 2-year follow-up period. The saturation level increased from 98.4±2.4% in the main group to 99.4±1.0% (p=0.001) in the comparison group; in the latter, it increased from 93.5±4.7 to 99.0±1.0% (p<0.001). The assessment of the quality of life after surgery using the stentless approach in the main group showed an increase from 14.4±0.4 points to 15.3±1.8 (p=0.056); points, while in the comparison group the increase was from 14.0±0.4 points to 15.6±1.0 points (p<0.001). Conclusion. Based on the results of this study, we can conclude that the endoscopic, stentless, nasal approach to surgical treatment of congenital choanal atresia in infants is more effective than traditional choanoplastic techniques with stent tubes.
Using express cytological method for diagnosis of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients
Authors: Barsukov Vladislav Yu. , Zhandarova Lyudmila F. , Kapralov Sergey V. , Konopatskova Olga M. , Kalmykova Olga A. , Volodina Natalia G. , Mescheryakova Liliya A. , Orlova Yulia I. , Tomashevskaia Liliia S.
Published: November 2024

Objective: to assess the informativity of the use of the rapid cytological method in the study of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer. Material and methods. The study involved 46 patients from 30 to 85 years old with verified breast cancer. On the eve of the operation, about 150-200 MBq of the 99 mTc-Nanotope radiopharma-ceutical was peritumorally injected into the parenchyma of the affected mammary gland. After 1.5-2 hours, lymphos-cintigraphy was performed, followed by SPECT/CT, in which sentinel lymph nodes are zualized. The next day after the administration of the radiopharmaceutical, during surgery, sentinel lymph nodes were found using a g-detector. Further, the surgeon removed the node (or nodes) and sent them for express cytological examination. To check the informativity of this method, a comparison was made with the "gold standard" of morphological diagnostics — with histological examination of postoperative material. Results. An express cytological study revealed the presence of metastases in the sentinel lymph nodes in 12 patients, which significantly influenced the further tactics. It was found that the cytological method of the study is not inferior to the histological one, the sensitivity and specificity of the method is 100%. When comparing the results of rapid cytological and planned histological studies, there were no discrepancies in diagnoses by the state of the lymph nodes. Conclusion. Rapid cytological examination of sentinel limphatic nodes informative method for sentinel lymph node detection in breast cancer patients.
To the 50th anniversary of the first Department of An-esthesiology and Resuscitation in Saratov
Authors: Kuligin Alexander V. , Lushnikov Aleksandr V. , Loskutov Efrem S. , Zeulina Ekaterina E.
Published: November 2024

In November 2024, the Department of Emergency Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Simulation Technology in Medicine celebrates its 50th anniversary. The article reflects the work of the department under the leadership of its four heads: Alexander Terentyevich Staroverov (founder of the department), German Georgievich Zhdanov, Dmitry Vladimirovich Sadchikov, Alexander Valerievich Kuligin (current head of the department).
Experimental Analysis of Long-Term Fuel Trim Performance in a Gasoline Engine Under Various Operating Conditions
Authors: Akunov Bakytbek
Published: November 2024

This paper analyzes the effect of operating conditions on the enrichment of the fuel-air mixture in a car engine due to a decrease in air mass with increasing altitude above sea level. This study focuses on fuel trim, particularly long-term fuel trim, in optimizing the composition of the fuel-air mixture before it enters the engine's combustion chamber. Experimental studies were conducted on the Bishkek–Osh highway in the Kyrgyz Republic, a road characterized by flat, mountainous, and high-altitude sections with complex terrain. Based on the research objectives, experimental results were obtained, and graphs of long-term fuel trim as a percentage of terrain altitude were constructed and analyzed for flat, mountainous, and high-altitude sections of the Bishkek–Osh highway. The study established that fuel trim indicators can be used to analyze changes in the air-fuel mixture's air excess coefficient (λ = 1, stoichiometric ratio). The reduction in long-term fuel trim was observed in flat, mountainous, and high-altitude sections as air density and pressure decreased with increasing altitude above sea level. The results show that with a reduction in long-term fuel trim to -6.25% to -7.81% at altitudes between 1500 and 3000 meters above sea level, the air excess coefficient (λ) drops to 0.92–0.94. At an altitude of 770 meters (flat terrain), λ was measured at 0.97. The difference in λ (0.03–0.05) indicates that an increase in altitude significantly affects the air-fuel ratio (AFR), impacting mixture formation during vehicle operation in mountainous and high-altitude conditions.
Battery Electric Vehicle Lightweighting Strategies: Addressing Energy Consumption and Range Anxiety
Authors: Pollock Jason , Chong Perk Lin , Ramegowda Manu , Dawood Nashwan , Guo Pengyan , Moey Lip Kean
Published: November 2024

In general, an internal combustion engine vehicle is still the convention in personal and commercial transport, but due to its high use stage CO2 emission, a shift is occurring in propulsion methods, and the use of battery electric vehicles (BEV) will become the new norm. BEV’s curb weight is, in general, greater than that of a conventional fuelled vehicle (CFV) for equivalent classes. Consequently, it is questionable that the level of BEV’s energy consumption is acceptable. The aim of this paper is to compare the mass induced energy consumption of CFV and BEV. The expectation is that the comparative study of energy consumption between CFV and BEV will provide insight for proposing a strategy to determine the extent to which lightweighting can be introduced to a BEV. Encouragingly, less exhaustive energy consumption can help by reducing range anxiety by increasing BEV range, resolving one issue facing a BEV. With a typical road condition for hilly and flat roads, various drive cycles are also taken into consideration, and the energy consumption profiles for CFV and BEV can be determined. The vehicle model involved using the MATLAB/Simulink software underpinned by longitudinal vehicle dynamic methods. The idea is to determine the amount of lightweighting of various components of a BEV through an iterative process based on energy consumption profiles. As a function of mass reduction, for comparative energy expenditure, the results showed that a range of 28 to 36% reduction in BEV mass was achieved, which in turn can increase the driving range by 36.4 to 46.8%.
Modelling, Simulation and Testing of Steer-by-Wire System with Variable Steering Ratio Control Strategy in 14-DOF Full Vehicle Model
Authors: Azizul Muhamad Asri , Ahmad Fauzi , Karjanto Juffrizal , Che Hasan Mohd Hanif , Sulaiman Syabillah
Published: November 2024

This research explores the application of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers and Variable Steering Ratio (VSR) control strategies within a Steer-by-Wire (SbW) system, utilizing a comprehensive 14 Degrees of Freedom (DOF) full vehicle dynamic model. The study aims to advance vehicle dynamics and control through SbW technology. This research addresses the challenge of optimizing steering control by integrating an SbW system with PID and VSR strategies to overcome the limitations of traditional steering mechanisms and enhance vehicle responsiveness and stability. The SbW system, using a PID-based controller, was rigorously tested and validated using MATLAB Simulink and Hardware-in-the-Loop System (HiLS) method. The performance of the system was assessed through four distinct signal tests: step, sine, square, and sawtooth inputs. These tests confirmed the precision of the PID controller in position tracking. To improve the practical applicability of the SbW system, a 14-DOF vehicle dynamic model was developed and validated before integration with the SbW system. The integrated system accurately replicated conventional steering behavior, as validated by Step Steer Input (SSI) and Double Lane Change (DLC) tests, demonstrating less than 11% RMS percentage error - well within the acceptable threshold of less than 15%. Additionally, the study proposed and validated VSR control strategies through the DLC test. Results indicate that the PID controller effectively tracked desired signals, while the VSR strategy reduced driver workload and improved steering stability. This research offers valuable insights into enhancing SbW system performance and lays a foundation for future advancements in vehicle control systems.
Propuesta de lineamientos generales para la gestión del conocimiento en bibliotecas infantiles
Authors: Montero-Bustabad Pedro
Published: November 2024

The objective of this research is to present a proposal for general guidelines for knowledge management in children’s libraries, taking as reference the experience of the academic activity of the School of Library Science, Documentation and Information (EBDI) of the National University (UNA) of Costa Rica with the name of the Miriam Álvarez Brenes Children’s Library (BIMAB) in the period between January 2018 and June 2020. This study had a qualitative approach and was explanatory; data collection was done primarily through bibliographic review and experiences obtained in the management of this academic activity. As main results and conclusions, it is possible to highlight the definition of a series of general guidelines for knowledge management that can be related and adjusted to the context of any children’s library; so, general guidance is provided for the continuous improvement of management processes of the information unit and to facilitate access and democratization of information products and services for its community of users.
Sobre mascaradas y disfraces en “Los celosos” de Silvina Ocampo
Authors: Mengolini Clara
Published: November 2024

In this article, I will analyze the short story “Los celosos” (1988) by the Argentine writer Silvina Ocampo. In this story, the protagonist is a woman named Irma Peinate who uses a great deal of wigs, false eyelashes, high heels, and makeup to satisfy her husband. One day, her husband sees her without any accessories and does not recognize her. I propose that the sacrifice the woman undergoes is a kind of “masquerade” of femininity. This masquerade is to be accepted by her husband, but also by a society that aspires to the prototype of European beauty. The theories put forward by Simone de Beauvoir in The Second Sex (1953), Luce Irigaray in The Sex Which is Not One (1985), and “Masquerade Reconsidered: Further Thoughts on the Female Spectator” (1989) by Mary Anne Doane have been central to examining the concept of “feminine masquerade.”
Héroes de Palmares de 1955
Authors: Valverde Barrantes Fabio
Published: November 2024

After 1948 War, Costa Rica was invaded by foreign forces supported by Anastasio Somoza, from Nicaragua, and other Latin American dictators who tried to overthrow democratic Costa Rican leader José Figueres. Twenty young men from Palmares decided to help the Government being part of ten thousand volunteer soldiers who defended their country. The story of one of them stands out.
Determination of tensile strength perpendicular to the fibers of wooden materials reinforced with basalt, glass fiber-reinforced polymer, and plaster mesh
Authors: Karaman Abdurrahman , Yeşil Hüseyin , Yazıcı Hikmet
Published: November 2024

Wood is a heterogeneous and anisotropic material, and its mechanical properties are different from other building materials. It is necessary to know the mechanical properties of wood materials in buildings, such as carriers, floor beams, roof timber, plywood roof covers, laminated beams, stair or wire poles, yacht poles, and furniture frames. Tensile strength is the resistance of wood material to two forces applied in opposite directions, trying to break and separate the fibers. This study aimed to determine the tension strength perpendicular to fibers of beech timber reinforced with basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP), glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP), and plaster mesh (PSM). One component polyurethane (PUR-D4) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc-D4) were used as the adhesive. The BFRP, GFRP, and PSM were added as one layer of reinforced materials. Experimental materials reinforced with BFRP, GFRP, and PSM were tested in the unreinforced locations, of reinforced lumber with BFRP, GFRP, and PSM. Tests were performed to investigate the tensile strength perpendicular to fiber (┴σt). The test results showed that the reinforcement process increased the (┴σ). The ┴σt value of samples reinforced with BFRP was 13%, 32%, and 66% higher than those reinforced with GFRP, unreinforced, and reinforced PSM, respectively. Accordingly, the BFRP shows potential to serve as an option for reinforced wood structural members.
Anatomical characteristics, fibre morphologies, and densities of six rattan species from Malaysia
Authors: Abdullah Siam Nordahlia , Yusoh Alia Syahirah , Mustapha Asniza , Mohd Yusoff Nur Syauqina Syasya , Mohamad Norizan Azharizan , Wan Ariffin Wan Tarmeze , Uyup Mohd Khairun Anwar
Published: November 2024

The anatomical characteristics, fibre morphologies, and densities were evaluated for six rattan species, i.e., Calamus manan, Calamus ornatus, Calamus ridleyanus, Calamus crinitus subsp. sabut, Korthalsia scortechinii, and Korthalsia tenuissima from the Forest Research Institute in Malaysia. Rattan samples of about 5 to 7 cm were cut at the middle portion of the internodes of a mature stem for assessment. The results allowed differentiation between the genera Calamus and Korthalsia based on anatomical characteristics such as the type of vascular bundle, ground tissue, and the presence of the ‘yellow cap.’ The fundamental properties of C. manan, including longer fiber length, thickest fibre wall, and higher density compared to other species, signified the superior quality of this species. Based on the density result, the study of other species of rattan would also find potential for furniture, decorations, and craft purposes.
16th Conference of the Lithuanian Sociological Association: Global challenges and future societies: Program and Abstracts, November 15–16, 2024, Vilnius University
Authors: Čiupailaitė-Višnevska Dalia , Galdauskaitė Dovilė , Poviliūnas Arūnas , Norkus Zenonas , Budginaitė-Mačkinė Irma , Pivoriūtė Milda
Published: November 2024

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Cyproheptadine poisoning, importance of good interrogation: report of a case
Authors: José Del Rosario Villegas Enmanuel , Delimar Gil Briceño Glasdelis , Molina Linares Ray David , Castro Oswaldo
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Cyproheptadine (CH) is a nonspecific antiserotonergic drug with antihistamine, anticholinergic and sedative properties, used as an orexigenic. It is important to know that CH is considered a safe medication in children and adolescents, since the most frequent side effect is sedation that gradually disappears with cessation of the drug. Clinical Case: Female preschooler of 4 years and 8 months of age, who developed a current illness characterized by ataxic gait, dysarthria, disorientation and acute confusional state, of sudden onset, progressively. A new multivitamin medication had been started which has CH as its active ingredient. She was kept under medical supervision for 6 hours, where improvement of the symptoms was evident. Conclusion: Although the indication of orexigenics in pediatric patients is a common practice, it should be carefully evaluated by parents and physicians, and accidental poisoning should be suspected when administering new medications to pediatric patients.
Potencial de incorporación postcosecha de microorganismos patógenos en estructuras frutales
Authors: Davidovich-Young Gabriela , De la Asunción-Romero Ruth , Acosta-Montoya Óscar
Published: November 2024

Introducción. En los últimos años se ha visto un aumento en el consumo de productos agrícolas frescos, lo que genera preocupación por brotes alimentarios relacionados con estos, debido a la incorporación de microorganismos patógenos en los frutos. Los aspectos relacionados con esta incorporación han sido estudiados en algunos frutos, sin embargo, no se ha logrado esclarecer todo lo asociado con este tema. Objetivo. Investigar y resumir lo relacionado con la incorporación de microorganismos patógenos en estructuras frutales. Desarrollo. Este trabajo se realizó en Costa Rica entre julio de 2021 y setiembre de 2022; en él se contrasta la definición de internalización e infiltración y se describen las condiciones que favorecen la incorporación de microorganismos patógenos en los frutos, así como las vías de entrada y los patrones de distribución de los microorganismos incorporados. También se discuten las estrategias de control para prevenir la incorporación de patógenos en dichas estructuras. Conclusión. La mayoría de las investigaciones sobre la incorporación de microorganismos patógenos en frutos se concentran en pocos productos y rinden resultados diversos y a veces contradictorios. Resulta pertinente orientar investigaciones futuras hacia la valoración del fenómeno en condiciones más cercanas a las de operaciones comerciales de interés, así como reforzar las estrategias que aseguren una adecuada implementación de las buenas prácticas agrícolas y las buenas prácticas de manufactura.
Effect of industrial processing of crackers on the recovery and quantitation of allergens with ELISA kits
Authors: Hidalgo-Víquez Cindy , López-Calvo Rebeca , Roda-Brenes Adrián , Cortés-Herrera Carolina , Chacón Andrea
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Processing foods may generate limitations on the recovery and quantitation of allergens. Factors such as geometry or thermal treatment can influence the veracity of the assay results. Objective. To determine the effect of processing on the recovery and quantification of allergens. Materials and methods. Study conducted in Costa Rica between 2020 and 2021 in the Compañía de galletas Pozuelo DCR. S.A. The geometry was evaluated with two cracker molds (traditional and XL). The effect of baking was evaluated with the traditional cracker type. For both experiments, samples were taken from four batches, and they were analyzed with three different kits for milk and egg analysis in an independent way. Results. The effect of geometry was observed for recovery and quantitation of egg residues was significantly affected by cracker geometry (P= 0.0228) compared to milk (P= 0.4335), regardless of the analytical kit used. The post baking decrease of quantitation effect was presented equally regardless of the kit used (P=0.4245) on egg. Very poor recovery of egg residues (4-5 %) was observed after cracker baking. For milk allergens, there was not a significant difference on the quantitation and recovery after baking among kits (P=0.1682), which is due to the variability of the data among kits. Conclusions. Processing reduces the efficacy of kits to detect the real quantity of allergens in foods. The analytical kit must be evaluated with the matrix to be analyzed, to determine how much impact the processing can have on the quantitation of allergens.
Cacao fino y de aroma: compuestos claves de aroma y comportamiento durante el proceso
Authors: Wexler-Goering Lea , Alvarado-Marenco Priscilla
Published: November 2024

Introducción. Las variedades de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) que se catalogan en el mercado mundial como finas y de aroma, representan un 6 % y se comercializan a un precio diferenciado. Estas variedades poseen características únicas determinadas por su genotipo, su complejidad de aromas es un factor fundamental que las distingue. Objetivo. Integrar información actualizada que proporcione evidencia científica sobre el cacao fino y de aroma, identificar los compuestos clave que le confieren esta denominación y describir su comportamiento durante las etapas de fermentación, secado y tostado. Desarrollo. El cacao fino y de aroma es muy apreciado en el mercado por su sabor y aromas únicos, es valorado en la elaboración de productos de tipo gourmet. El cacao de esta categoría es cultivado por pequeños productores de la región mesoamericana, que emplean sistemas de producción familiar, orgánicos y sostenibles. Esta región, la principal productora de cacao fino y de aroma, enfrenta el riesgo de perder su valiosa biodiversidad. Es crucial conservar la diversidad genética del cacao y comprender sus componentes fisicoquímicos, especialmente los volátiles responsables de sus atributos sensoriales. Conclusión. El procesamiento primario del cacao, en particular las etapas de fermentación y secado, influye significativamente en su perfil aromático. Controlarlo y estandarizarlo es esencial para que los productores obtengan su grano de cacao con una calidad diferenciada y así sea valorizado en el mercado por sus características sensoriales únicas. Futuros estudios deberían enfocarse en desarrollar métodos estandarizados para la fermentación y el secado, así como en la conservación de la diversidad genética del cacao fino y de aroma.
Efectividad del cloro y ácido peracético en la desinfección de repollo (Brassica oleracea) y plátano verde (Musa AAB) mínimamente procesado
Authors: Fatjó-Barboza Esteban , Davidovich-Young Gabriela , Wong-González Eric
Published: November 2024

Introducción. El consumo de vegetales mínimamente procesados puede representar problemas para la salud, por lo que entender la efectividad de su desinfección es imperante. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto del pelado, troceado y rallado sobre la efectividad del hipoclorito de sodio o cloro (HClO) y el ácido peracético (C2H4O3) en la desinfección de repollo (Brassica oleracea) y plátano verde (Musa AAB). Materiales y métodos. La investigación se realizó en el Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Costa Rica, 2012. Se desinfectó por inmersión repollo y plátano verde (sin pelar, pelado, cortado o rallado), en soluciones de cloro (200 mg l-1) y ácido peracético (80 mg l-1), para evaluar la concentración de desinfectante en el tiempo, la reducción de Escherichia coli en la presentación rallada y sus características sensoriales. Resultados. Ambos desinfectantes fueron estables en el tiempo, excepto al desinfectar los vegetales rallados, donde la concentración disminuyó más rápido para el cloro y el plátano verde. En repollo rallado ocurrió una mayor reducción de E. coli cuando se utilizó ácido peracético (6,767 ± 0,007 log10 UCF/g) en comparación con cloro (4 ± 1 log10 UCF/g) aunque iguales al control con agua (4 ± 1 log10 UCF/g). En plátano rallado, las reducciones con cloro (6 ± 1 log10 UCF/g) y ácido peracético (5,7 ± 0,7 log10 UCF/g) fueron distintas de la del agua (3,17 ± 0,06 log10 UCF/g), pero no hubo diferencias significativas entre ellas. Se detectaron diferencias sensoriales para el repollo rallado desinfectado con cloro o ácido peracético, sin embargo, debe estudiarse la aceptación del producto por parte del consumidor. Conclusiones. El nivel de subdivisión del vegetal afectó la efectividad del cloro y el ácido peracético cuando se desinfectó repollo y plátano verde. El ácido peracético proveyó mayores reducciones de E. coli que el cloro en el caso del repollo rallado y reducciones equivalentes en plátano verde rallado.
Vinculación del Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos con el sector agroalimentario
Authors: Cortés-Muñoz Marianela , Pérez Ana M.
Published: November 2024

Se presenta el modelo de vinculación academia-sector socioproductivo del Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA) a través de ejemplos de transferencia de tecnología en el campo agroalimentario. Este modelo está organizado bajos tres figuras, asistencia técnica, transferencia y licenciamiento de tecnología, y el programa CITA Co-Lab. Desde el CITA se ha promovido el desarrollo del sector agroalimentario al mejorar formulaciones existentes, transferir nuevas tecnologías y mediante la llegada de nuevos productos al mercado. El Programa de Apoyo Tecnológico a la Industria (PATI) del CITA fue creado en 1984, mientras que el Programa CITA Co-Lab inició sus actividades dirigidas a apoyar a emprendedores en el 2020. A través de los ejemplos desarrollados en este manuscrito, se pueden entender los procesos e identificar algunos factores que inciden en que los productos puedan llevarse al mercado.
Importación de plaguicidas en El Salvador durante el periodo 2013-2021
Authors: Barrera Wilmer , Jarquín Emmanuel , Méndez Sheila
Published: November 2024

Introducción. Existe limitada información sobre volúmenes de importación, uso, destino ambiental, y efectos en la salud humana de los plaguicidas en El Salvador. Objetivo. Identificar la tendencia de importación, asi como la participación relativa de cada ingrediente activo en el volumen global importado de plaguicidas, durante el periodo de 2013-2021. Materiales y métodos. Se clasificaron los registros de importación de plaguicidas proveídos por la Unidad de Registro y Fiscalización de Importaciones del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería de El Salvador (MAG), del periodo del 1 de enero de 2013 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2021, por ingrediente activo (i.a). Para cada evento de importación se calculó la cantidad neta de cada i.a según la ficha técnica del producto comercial. Cada ingrediente activo fue incluido, según sus propiedades en una de las siguientes categorías: herbicidas, fumigantes y desinfectantes de suelo, insecticidas-nematicidas, fungicidas-bactericidas, molusquicidas, y rodenticidas Resultados. Los herbicidas se importaron en mayor volumen, seguidos por los fumigantes y desinfectantes de suelo, insecticidas-nematicidas, fungicidas-bactericidas, molusquicidas, y rodenticidas. Los herbicidas más importados fueron en orden descendiente 2,4-D, paraquat, glifosato, y atrazina; en fumigantes y desinfectantes de suelo, bromuro de metilo, fosfuro de aluminio, y metam sodio; en fungicidas-bactericidas, mancozeb, clorotalonil, carbendazim y propineb; en insecticidas-nematicidas, clorpirifos, cipermetrina, terbufos, y malatión; en molusquicidas, metaldehído; y en rodenticidas coumatetralil, y difacinona, respectivamente. Conclusiones. De 2013 a 2021, entre los ingrediente activos más importados por unidad de volumen, destacó el incremento de glifosato, clorpirifos, clorotalonil y mancozeb; mientras decrecieron las de terbufos. Otros i.a. tuvieron menor variación, se importaron en menores volúmenes, o ya no se importan en el contexto de regulación internacional al comercio y uso de sustancias químicas, y demanda de mercado.
PENTINGNYA PELATIHAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DALAM MENGHADAPI TANTANGAN GLOBAL
Authors: Zaky Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Peningkatan persaingan global membutuhkan organisasi untuk memiliki sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dan mampu beradaptasi dengan perubahan lingkungan bisnis yang cepat. Salah satu cara untuk mencapai tujuan ini adalah dengan melakukan pelatihan dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia yang efektif. Artikel ini membahas tentang pentingnya pelatihan dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia dalam menghadapi tantangan global, dengan mempertimbangkan perkembangan teknologi dan tuntutan pasar yang semakin meningkat. Dalam artikel ini, kami menganalisis peran pelatihan dan pengembangan dalam meningkatkan kompetensi karyawan, mengoptimalkan produktivitas, dan mengurangi biaya pelatihan dan perekrutan. Dengan menerapkan pelatihan dan pengembangan yang efektif, organisasi dapat meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia, meningkatkan daya saing dan memperkuat posisi mereka di pasar global. Artikel ini juga membahas beberapa strategi dan praktik terbaik dalam pelatihan dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia yang dapat membantu organisasi mencapai tujuan mereka.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND E-COMMERCE ADOPTION AMONG SMALL BUSINESSES IN DEVELOPING AFRICAN ECONOMIES: EVIDENCE FROM ETHIOPIA AND UGANDA
Authors: Moses Victor
Published: November 2024

Digital transformation is a crucial driver of economic growth and innovation, particularly in developing economies. This study explores the adoption of e-commerce among small businesses in Ethiopia and Uganda, focusing on the factors influencing digital transformation in these markets. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to synthesize existing research on e-commerce adoption, technological readiness, and the socio-economic challenges faced by small businesses. The findings highlight the pivotal role of technological infrastructure, government policies, and digital literacy in shaping e-commerce adoption. Barriers such as inadequate internet access, limited financial resources, and regulatory hurdles were identified as significant challenges. Conversely, the study found that entrepreneurial orientation and market dynamics foster digital growth and e-commerce participation. This review provides a conceptual framework to understand the complexities of digital transformation in small businesses within developing economies. Recommendations are offered for policy interventions and strategic support to enhance digital integration in these contexts. The study underscores the importance of fostering an enabling environment for e-commerce to thrive among small businesses in Ethiopia and Uganda.
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN EMPOWERING RURAL ECONOMIES: A CASE STUDY OF KENYA
Authors: Dlela Martin
Published: November 2024

This study explores the role of social media in empowering rural economies, focusing on a case study in Kenya. In recent years, social media platforms have emerged as significant tools for economic development, especially in developing countries. This research investigates how rural communities in Kenya leverage social media to enhance economic activities, promote local products, and access market information. Using a mixed-method approach, the study combines qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys to analyze the impact of social media on economic empowerment. The findings reveal that social media facilitates market access, enhances networking opportunities, and provides a platform for knowledge sharing among rural entrepreneurs. However, challenges such as digital literacy, internet accessibility, and cultural barriers hinder the full potential of social media utilization in these areas. The study contributes to the understanding of digital tools in rural economic development and provides insights for policymakers and practitioners to optimize social media strategies for community empowerment.
PENGARUH PRICE DISCOUNT, CONTENT MARKETING, DAN LIVE STREAMING TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA TIKTOK @AINAFASHION.ID
Authors: Aryasa Fariq Maulana , Roosdhani Mohamad Rifqy
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Price Discount, Content Marketing, dan Live Streaming terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Keputusan pembelian menjadi hal penting untuk mempertahankan konsumen dan mendapatkan konsumen baru, oleh karena itu perlu diketahui metode promosi yang tepat untuk menarik minat konsumen. Terciptanya keputusan pembelian dapat menguntungkan penjual, yaitu dapat memaksimalkan metode penjualan yang lebih efektif untuk mendapatkan pesanan yang lebih banyak. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu kuantitatif dengan metode penyebaran kuesioner kepada 120 followers akun @ainafashion.id. Penelitian ini dibantu dengan software SmartPLS versi 4.0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Price Discount tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Sedangkan Content Marketing dan Live Streaming berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian, dan memiliki kontribusi sebesar 64% sisanya sebesar 36% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak ada di dalam penelitian ini.
Adsorption removal of copper(II) from water by zero valent iron loaded dendritic mesoporous silica
Authors: Yu Junjie , Tobilko Viktoriia
Published: November 2024

The object of research is synthesized dendritic mesoporous nanoscale silica (DMSN) modified with zero-valent iron (Fe0@DMSN). This material exhibits a high adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions, in particular copper, whose increased content in the aquatic environment poses a threat to living organisms. In this regard, the main physicochemical features of the removal of copper cations from the aqueous medium using the obtained sample were investigated.
The morphology of the obtained dendritic silicas was studied by electron microscopy and the presence of a layer of zero-valent iron was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The parameters of the porous structure of the synthesized materials were determined. It was found that after modification of mesoporous silica with particles of zero-valent iron, the value of its specific surface area decreased from 504 m2/g to 312 m2/g. This may be due to the formation of a Fe0 layer not only on their surface but also in the channels of the inorganic matrix, which has a unique dendritic structure characteristic of this type of particles. At the same time, the number of active centers increases due to the enrichment of the silica surface with functional modifier groups that show a high affinity for metal cations.
The adsorption capacity of Fe0@DMSN towards Cu2+ ions has been studied and it has been shown that the maximum adsorption value is 39.8 mg/g, which is significantly higher than that of the initial synthesized DMSN sample (0.7 mg/g).
The experimental data obtained indicate that the obtained sorption material based on dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a layer of reactive zero-valent iron can be used for the purification of water contaminated with metal ions. In addition, the magnetic properties of such materials, known and proven by various scientists, will make it easy to separate the solid phase in the processes of sorption water purification using magnetic separation.
Sustainability
Authors: Paz-Pacheco Elizabeth
Published: November 2024

The Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies (JAFES) stands at a crucial juncture as we navigate the evolving landscape of academic publishing. Our commitment to open access publishing has fostered a rich environment for enhancing research and collaboration. This accessibility is vital for advancing the field of endocrinology in our region, where disparities in healthcare resources often limit access to essential research findings. However, maintaining the quality and accessibility of our journal requires a sustainable financial model that supports our operational needs. The costs associated with editorial management, peer review, and online hosting are substantial.
Daily temperature amplitude plays a key role in the metabolic adaptation to high-temperature stress in the rupicolous bromeliad Alcantarea imperialis (Carrière) Harms
Authors: Nascimento Gabriela M. C. , Silva Priscila P. A. , Mollo Luciana , Tiné Marco A. S. , Nievola Catarina C.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT (Daily temperature amplitude plays a key role in the metabolic adaptation to high-temperature stress in the rupicolous bromeliad Alcantarea imperialis (Carrière) Harms). Climatic variations predicted for a future scenario may influence nitrogen metabolism, affecting the survival of plants in the face of climate change. The objective of this work was to investigate the tolerance of plants of Alcantarea imperialis to different temperatures. This species is native from inselbergs where daily temperatures vary from 5 to 40 °C. Three-month-old plants were kept at 15 °C, 25 °C, 37 °C and 37 °C/15 °C (day/night) for 15 days. The activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), ammonium content, growth and photosynthetic parameters (pigments and Fv/Fm ratio) were measured. Only 40% of plants under constant 37 °C survived, showing an increase in the ammonium concentration and GDH activity while photosynthetic pigment content, Fv/Fm ratio and GS activity decreased. All plants under other temperatures survived without damage. This result showed that cool nights are necessary for the plant to recover from the stress of the high diurnal temperature. These insights are crucial to understand the response of plants to temperature increases in a climate change scenario, constituting essential knowledge for the formulation and implementation of biodiversity conservation policies.
Adaptação e validação do “questionário de satisfação académica” junto de estudantes portugueses do 3.º ciclo do ensino básico e do ensino secundário
Authors:   Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Faria António , Miranda Guilhermina Lobato ,   Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa
Published: November 2024

Neste artigo é apresentado o processo de adaptação e validação do Questionário de Satisfação Académica (QSA), desenvolvido para estudantes portugueses e brasileiros do ensino superior, para estudantes portugueses do 3.º ciclo do ensino básico (versão QSA-EB) e estudantes do ensino secundário (versão QSA-ES). A adaptação foi autorizada pelos autores da versão original e feita pelos dois autores do artigo. O processo de validação consistiu em determinar as qualidades psicométricas destas duas novas versões do questionário, através dos indicadores estatísticos de Sensibilidade dos itens, Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE) e Precisão de cada fator que emergiu após a realização da AFE. Os resultados foram todos positivos para a sensibilidade dos itens, a AFE fez emergir as dimensões teóricas do constructo e os índices de precisão de cada fator, determinado através do Alfa de Cronbach, podem ser considerados bastante fiáveis e fiáveis.
Smart Cities e Sustentabilidade: Análise bibliométrica através do VOSviewer
Authors:   Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Morais Elisabete Paulo
Published: November 2024

Uma smart city sustentável é uma cidade inovadora que utiliza as Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) e outros meios para melhorar a qualidade de vida, a eficiência das operações e serviços urbanos e a competitividade, assegurando simultaneamente a satisfação das necessidades das gerações presentes e futuras em termos económicos, sociais, ambientais e culturais. O objetivo deste artigo é descobrir as principais contribuições da literatura científica sobre smart cities e sustentabilidade. Para o efeito, foi efetuada uma análise bibliométrica sobre o tema das cidades inteligentes sustentáveis, utilizando a base de dados Scopus. Esta pesquisa resultou numa lista de 6891 documentos, que foram posteriormente analisados com recurso ao software VOSviewer, incluindo vários métodos analíticos e unidades de análise. A análise das palavras-chave identificou seis grupos temáticos: (1) Qualidade de vida; (2) IoT, Big Data e tecnologias de computação em nuvem; (3) eficiência energética; (4) informação e comunicação associadas ao crescimento urbano; (5) alterações climáticas e poluição; e (6) transportes urbanos.
Sistemas Expertos y su Impacto en el Control y Evaluación del Desarrollo en Niños: Revisión Sistemática de Literatura
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Mayor San Marcos Lima, Paredes-Mamani Gloria
Published: November 2024

El control y desarrollo infantil asistido por sistemas expertos es esencial para la detección, diagnóstico y prevención en la salud de los niños, contribuyen significativamente a la accesibilidad, precisión y calidad de la atención infantil. Esta revisión analiza el impacto de los sistemas expertos en el control y evaluación del desarrollo en niños, desde 2017 a 2023. La estrategia de búsqueda identificó 22,164 estudios de fuentes como Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, EBSCO host y ETH Zúrich. Tras aplicar criterios rigurosos de exclusión de búsqueda, se evidencia los estudios que proporcionan un aporte significativo son procedentes de Asia, los sistemas expertos fortalecen el diagnóstico y control de 52 enfermedades que afectan la salud infantil, de las cuales son 49 aportan a la salud física y 11 al área de salud mental. La revisión evidencia impacto significativo en la atención al niño es en el diagnóstico, prevención y evaluación.
The Implied Author in the Old English Poems of the ‘School of Caedmon’ and the ‘School of Cynewulf’
Authors:   Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Yatsenko Maria V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the problem of identifying the author’s self-manifestation in Old English poetry. The problem of author and authorship is relevant for medieval literature and for Old English epic as well. The author of the article compares the main cases of the use of first-person narration in Old English poems attributed to Caedmon or the so-called ‘school of Caedmon’ (Genesis, Exodus, Daniel, Christ and Satan) and Cynewulf or the so-called ‘school of Cynewulf’ (Elene, The Fates of the Apostles, Juliana, etc.). As the borders between these ‘schools’ have not yet been distinctly determined, the article attempts at comparing the poems of both groups. The author of the article sheds fresh light on the widely used comparison of the contents of these poems with a detailed analysis of the episodes with first-person narration. The study of these passages shows the use of traditional oral epic reference to the authority of an oral singer (the ‘I heard’ formula) and that of the written sources (‘as the books say’ formula) in the poems attributed to Caedmon. It is concluded that the so-called Caedmonian poems (poems of the ‘school of Caedmon’) do not possess the fully articulated figure of the narrator. Their implied author does not exactly express his own point of view or present his personality, but mainly gives the narrative thread to the characters. The use of the collective ‘we’ in the epilogue of the poem Exodus is viewed as a rhetorical device of a direct appeal to the audience that is highly characteristic of the Caedmonian poems. The epilogues of the poems attributed to Cynewulf (or the ‘school of Cynewulf’) mainly contain first-person reflections and contemplations. The article proposes that the pronounced presence of the author (i.e., an implied author) in them should be viewed as a marker of the ‘school of Cynewulf’.
‘Slovak Spelling Rules’ of 1940 and the Stabilization of the Slovak Literary Language Norms
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lifanov Konstantin V.
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the reasons behind the appearance of the Slovak Spelling Rules of 1940, the most important changes introduced in the codification of the Slovak literary language, and their significance in the development of the language. The need to develop new spelling rules arose immediately after the publication of the Slovak Spelling Rules of 1931, which were not accepted by the majority of Slovak intelligentsia, who perceived them as the first stage on the way to the absorption of the Slovak language by the Czech one. The new rules were prepared mainly by the leader of the purist movement in Slovakia, H. Bartek, who completed his work in 1939. That version, however, was not approved by the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic and was sent for revision. The Rules were published the following year in a modified form and affected the morphology, lexical composition, and orthography of the Slovak literary language. Among the most important changes were the unification of the -l participles in plural forms, a significant reduction of doublet forms by abolishing forms coinciding with the Czech language, the written marking of actually pronounced long vowels in words of foreign origin, the removal from the literary language of a number of lexemes common with Czech, and others. Practically all the changes made contributed to the stabilization of the Slovak literary language norms and were confirmed in the subsequent Slovak Spelling Rules of 1953. Moreover, in 1953 even the proposals of H. Bartek rejected in 1940 were adopted.
A sintaxe espacial como ferramenta de análise de ocupação urbana
Authors: Tochetto Fernanda , Neckel Alcindo , Silva Caliane Christie Oliveira de Almeida , Schmitz Guilherme Peterle
Published: November 2024

The lack of planning and effective housing policies has encouraged the search for housing in informal settlements, generally located on the outskirts of cities and segregated by urban sprawl. Space syntax is an important tool for analyzing urban configuration, allowing us to understand the geographical space as a whole, with its limitations and potential, capable of understanding the levels of integration and segregation, improving its flow and connectivity possible. This article analyzes connectivity and integration, using the spatial syntax of vulnerable occupation areas in the city of Erechim/RS (southern Brazil). This study was divided into five stages: a) bibliographical research; b) identification of the areas of occupation in Erechim; c) preparation of an axial map of the city; d) axial analysis using the Detphtamp 0.50 software and, finally; e) cross-referencing the information using the Qgis software. We identified the presence of occupations in green areas, mostly on the outskirts of the city, segregated to the other regions of the city, with a general average integration of 1.514 pixels, where the areas with the best economic value (between 1,720.01 and 5,231.01 reais) have the best connectivity.