bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient Perspectives on the Use of Digital Technology to Help Manage Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Watanabe Alexandre , Willis Connor , Ragsdale Russell , Biskupiak Joseph , Moore Karlene , Brixner Diana , Young David
Published: February 2022

Background Digital Health Technologies (DHTs) have shown potential to
improve health outcomes through improved medication adherence in
different disease states1,2. Cystic Fibrosis (CF) requires care
coordination across pharmacies, patients, and providers3,4. DHTs can
potentially support patients, providers, and pharmacists in diseases
like CF, where high medication burden can negatively impact patient
quality of life and outcomes. Methods In this prospective cohort study,
a CF-specific mobile application (Phlo) was distributed to adults with
CF who received care at the University of Utah Cystic Fibrosis Center,
used an iPhone, and filled prescriptions through the University of Utah
Specialty Pharmacy services. Participants were asked to use Phlo for 90
days with an optional 90-day extension period. Participants completed
four surveys at baseline and after 90 days. Changes in patient-reported
outcomes, adherence, clinical outcomes, and healthcare resource
utilization from baseline to 90 days were tracked. Results Phlo allowed
users to track daily regimen activities, contact their care team,
receive medication delivery reminders, and share progress with their
healthcare team. A web-based dashboard allowed the care team to review
reported performance scores from the app. Most patients (67%) said the
app improved confidence in and motivation for continuing their regimen.
The most important reported benefit of Phlo was having a single location
to manage their whole routine. Inpatient hospital admissions decreased
from 12 during the baseline period to 7 after the 90-day study period.
Conclusions: Phlo is a mobile health technology designed to help
patients with CF manage their treatment regimen and improve
patient-provider communication.
Office Management in the COVID-19 Era 1Adenekan, T.
Authors:   1Department of Information Management, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria 2Office Technology and Management Department, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria, Adenekan T.E.. , Idiake C. Omoye
Published: February 2022

By the time the World Health Organization ("WHO") upgraded the status of the novel Coronavirus Disease (officially known as COVID-19) outbreak from an epidemic to a global pandemic on 11th March, 2020, the virus had already travelled beyond Wuhan, China, its point of original outbreak in December 2019 and crossed international borders. Given the rapid rate of infection and increasing number of deaths in the wake of the unprecedented spread of the virus, various emergency measures were urgently deployed by local, state, national and multilateral authorities to contain the outbreak. Besides being a public health crisis, COVID-19 continues to trigger severe social and economic consequences for individuals, corporates and governments across the world. Specifically, offices were closed for several months, during this period, the office management took another dimension whereby offices are operated on-line and virtually. This paper analyses the key socio-economic consequences of COVID-19 on office Management, and measures taken by Office managers for mitigating its effect on the operations of organizations. Keywords: Office Management, COVID-19 era, Organizations.
The Import of Technology on English Language Learning in Tertiary Institutions: A Study of Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu.
Authors:   1School of Liberal Studies (English Unit) 2Department of Office Technology and Management 3School of Liberal Studies (English Unit) Lagos State Polytechnic Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria, Ero-Philips M.A , Adewumi D.O. , Akinkugbe A.I.
Published: February 2022

Modern Technology has to a great extent expanded knowledge in every sphere of disciplines with increased opportunities for students to learn new skills, especially, new languages. This paper has investigated and discussed the Import of Modern Technologies in the learning of English in a tertiary Institution such as the Lagos State Polytechnic. The focus of the paper is on the methods of innovative technologies available for learning English with ease. The study also identifies some gaps such as dearth of Language Laboratory, Students attitudes towards language learning and technology anxiety as factors that hinder an effective learning of the English language. Questionnaire was used as the major research instruments. Two hundred (200) respondents were used for the study. Samples were drawn from students of the Lagos State Polytechnic, fifty (50) students each from the NDI, NDII, HNDI and HND II levels were selected randomly, constituting a study population of two hundred (200) respondents. Data collected were presented in frequency tables and percentages, graphical representation were used to analyze, and discussions were made on each table and figure. Findings were presented and recommendations given base on the findings. Keywords: Technology, English Language, Learning, Tertiary Institutions
Development of a Risk-Factor Model for Predicting Occurrence of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors:   Department of Computer Sciences School of Pure and Applied Science Ogun State Institute of Technology Igbesa , Ogun State, Nigeria, Oladejo R.A , Achori B.T
Published: February 2022

This study identified the required risk factors for Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) patients and formulated a predictive model based on the identified variables. Extensive review of related work was done so as to understand the body of knowledge surrounding musculoskeletal related diseases and to identify knee osteoarthritis as one of the diseases under musculoskeletal condition as well as elicit the risk factors for it, these were validated from medical experts. The model to forecast knee osteoarthritis was formulated comparing four supervised machine learning algorithms namely Naïve Bayes, Multilayer perceptron, C4.5 Decision Tree and Support Vector Machine. The result of the model showed an accuracy of 97.59% considering the 36 initially identified attributes using no feature selection method, the results also showed the minimum number of variables relevant for knee osteoarthritis condition. Further results showed that all identified variables are relevant for effective and efficient development of a prognostic model for knee osteoarthritis. The study concluded that age as the most important variable for KOA and that all 36 identified attributes are relevant for predicting the risk of KOA. Keywords: Knee osteoarthritis, Prognostic Model, Machine learning.
Business Continuity Management for Organizational Success: Definitions, Triggers, and Key Processes.
Authors:   Computer Science Department Federal College of Education, Yola, Ahmed Yahya
Published: February 2022

This paper discusses the need for business continuity management and its relevance to the successful management, protection, and sustainability of businesses. Considering the dynamic nature of global events and how it affects businesses at the speed of light. The rapid growth in technological innovations has made the world a global village, where business processes are done within the shortest time possible. This has made inter-organizational linkage and dependence very easy. But there is a need for protection against any form of disruptions for business continuity. Taking into consideration the scarce resources that lead to violence and terrorism from one place to another for power and resources. The paper look into business continuity, business continuity management, the impact of not having business continuity management, the triggers of business continuity management and the procedure for effective business continuity management. Keywords: Business Continuity, Management, Organizational Success, Triggers, Key Processes.
Does the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53–8:11) Have Canonical Authority? An Interconfessional Approach
Authors: Baum Armin D.
Published: February 2022

Abstract

The historicity of the event that the pericope adulterae (John 7:53–8:11) relates has not been disproved. The orthodoxy of the words of Jesus it contains also cannot be denied. If the canonicity of the pericope is determined according to the same historical and content-related criteria that the ancient church applied during the development of the canon of Scriptures, then nothing speaks against its canonical status. This sort of assessment does not rest on an infallible and therefore binding decision of the church or its magisterium or on an internal testimony of the Holy Spirit. When the pericope adulterae is accepted into the NT, it should not be placed between chaps. 7 and 8 of the Gospel of John because it is not part of the original text of this book. Rather, it should be put after John’s Gospel, because it probably comes from the same historical root. Those who hesitate to accept the pericope adulterae as canonical can remove it from the NT without having to fear a serious loss. Everything the pericope has to say is also expressed several times in other places of the biblical canon. The additional benefit of the narrative of Jesus and the adulteress is not some singular ethical or theological statement. Its particular value lies in the fact that the pericope presents the forgiveness offered by Jesus to those who are condemned to death by the Mosaic law in a more elaborate, more colorful, and more pointed way than any other passage of the NT.
Environmental Law: Wisdom from the Ancients
Authors: Richter Sandra
Published: February 2022

All indicators are that our planet is currently facing an environmental crisis of unprecedented proportions. The effects may be mapped in every avenue of human existence from food supply and water quality to decimated landscapes and species extinction. Terms such as sustainable agriculture, environmental terrorism, and factory farming have moved into everyday parlance. Does religion and specifically Christianity have a role in shaping a response to this crisis? Is there an ecotheology to be found in the Bible, and how might the community of faith go about applying that biblical paradigm to current issues? This essay attempts to begin to answer these questions by mapping a relationship between the wisdom of the ancients and a current course of action for the Church with particular emphasis on stewardship, Sabbath, and action.
Isaiah’s Offspring: Paul’s Isaiah 54:1 Quotation in Galatians 4:27
Authors: Gignilliat Mark S.
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Paul’s Isaiah quotation in Gal 4 is ground well worked. Another scholarly contribution is warranted, however, because aspects of Isaianic research over the past several decades, research largely unexamined within Pauline scholarship, may shed light on Paul’s deployment of Isa 54:1 within his allegorical appeal to the Sarah/Hagar narrative. Moreover, Paul’s larger “offspring” theology within Gal 3 and 4 may find its substantial location within the broader cross-currents of Isaiah’s theologizing on the self-same subject matter. In particular, the identification of the “servants” of the Lord as a theme, if not the major theme, of Isaiah 54–66 opens up a dialogical conversation between Isaiah and Paul concerning a theological problem they both share, namely, “Who are the true offspring of Abraham/Zion?” Isaiah recalibrates Abraham’s promised offspring via the emerging figure of the servant of the Lord in the redemptive dynamic of Isa 40–53, and this recalibration leans into the unfolding of the servants as the progeny of the servant’s work. In summary, within an Isaianic frame, Abraham’s offspring are the servant’s offspring.
An Ontological Definition of “Canon”?
Authors: Poirier John C.
Published: February 2022

Michael Kruger’s most recent book calls for a revised understanding of “canon” as the confluence of a closed-canon definition, a “functional definition,” and an “ontological” definition. Kruger intends his call to replace the now-common understanding of “canon” as (simply) the closing of a corpus of Scripture. This article seeks to show that Kruger’s complaints against the exclusive use of the closed-canon definition of “canon” are unfounded and that his attempt at an ontological definition is problematic.
The Heart of YHWH and His Chosen One in 1 Samuel 13:14
Authors: Derouchie Jason S.
Published: February 2022

This article considers the meaning of the prepositional phrase כלבבו, “like/according to his heart,” in 1 Sam 13:14. By assessing syntactic and semantic parallels, comparative ANE data, and the deuteronomic context of 1–2 Samuel, the study argues that the prepositional idiom is best rendered adverbially and understood to clarify the norm or standard by which YHWH sought a king to replace Saul—he did so according to his own will. This being established, the paper then explores whether God’s showing discretion and seeking one man in contrast to others necessitates that there was something about the king-elect that matched the royal image he had in mind. Specifically, while כלבבו should be read adverbially, the resulting meaning in 1 Sam 13:14 may in fact align with both the numerous texts that emphasize David’s special divine election in contrast to Saul and the many passages that stress David’s greater like-mindedness to YHWH when compared to Saul.
Salvation by Faith or by Faithfulness in the Book of Habakkuk?
Authors: CLENDENEN E. RAY
Published: February 2022

Many scholars believe the apostle Paul violated the original meaning when he quoted Habakkuk as “the just shall live by faith” in Rom 1:17 and Gal 3:11. Against a growing consensus, I argue that ʾĕmũnâ in Hab 2:4 means “faith.” First, “faith” fits the context of the vision in vv. 2–3. Second, it was also probably the meaning in 1QpHab. Third, Paul and the author of Hebrews interpreted ʾĕmũnâ as “faith.” Fourth, ʾĕmũnâ was the natural choice if Habakkuk wanted a word for “faith,” especially if he was alluding to Gen 15:6. And finally, “faith” is the quality called for by the remainder of the book (e.g., 2:14; 3:13) and exhibited by the prophet in his concluding hymn of faith in 3:16–19.
Romans 1 and Homosexuality: A Critical Review of James Brownson’s “Bible, Gender, Sexuality"
Authors: Sprinkle Preston M.
Published: February 2022

In the flurry of recent books about homosexuality and the Bible, James Brownson’s Bible, Gender, Sexuality offers a very convincing defense of same-sex marriage. However, Brownson makes several historical assumptions that are inaccurate, which end up working against his thesis. For instance, contrary to Brownson, the ancient world did hold to a form of sexual orientation and there are examples of peer homosexual relationships. Therefore, there is no reason to believe that Paul only had excessively immoral same-sex relationships in his mind when he penned Romans 1.
"Son of God” or “God’s Chosen One” (John 1:34)? A Narrative-Critical Solution to a Text-Critical Problem
Authors: SKINNER CHRISTOPHER W.
Published: February 2022

A reasoned-eclectic approach to NT textual criticism examines both external and internal evidence when evaluating textual problems. This study explores the value of narrative criticism as another internal criterion when discussing intrinsic probabilities; specific attention is given to resolving the textual problem in John 1:34 ("Son of God” versus “God’s chosen one"). After examining the external evidence, the discussion turns to the motif of incomplete understanding that emerges over the first four days of the narrative proper (1:19–51). Against the backdrop of the Johannine prologue (1:1–18), which provides the literary audience with a complete description of Jesus’ identity, this pattern of misunderstanding suggests that “God’s chosen one"—an otherwise unattested term in the Fourth Gospel—is to be preferred over the “Son of God” reading.
Characterization in the Hebrew Bible: Nabal as a Test Case
Authors: DEKKER JOHN
Published: February 2022

Literary criticism is growing in popularity in evangelical scholarship. One important aspect of literary criticism is the range of techniques used in the characterization of people in a story. These include: direct description by the storyteller, the responses of other characters in the story, a character’s words and thoughts, self-characterization, a character’s actions, a character’s name, comparisons with other characters, and the events of the story. This article examines the characterization of Nabal in 1 Sam 25 and discusses how these techniques enable the reader to evaluate the character and better understand the point of the narrative. In this way, literary techniques enable us to understand the content of the Bible as well as appreciate its form.
Mediumistic Divine Possession among Early Christians: A Response to Craig S. Keener’s “Spirit Possession as a Cross-cultural Experience”
Authors: TIBBS CLINT
Published: February 2022

Craig S. Keener’s article “Spirit Possession as a Cross-cultural Experience” explores the phenomenon of invasive spirit possession in both early Jewish/Christian cultures and modern cultures. His cross-cultural approach makes use of anthropological data on spirit possession as a means to investigate the NT and Greco-Roman data on spirit possession. In this article, I take advantage of Keener’s research into anthropological resources on spirit possession. Whereas Keener’s research shows that early Christians experienced demonic and violent possession, I find that his research can easily incorporate the position that early Christians also experienced divine possession that produced inspired speech such as prophecy and glossolalia. The coexistence of divine and demonic possession could potentially be ambiguous and create schisms among different groups as to who was really divinely possessed.
Why Did Peter Change the Septuagint? A Reexamination of the Significance of the Use of Tíθημι in 1 Peter 2:6
Authors: HIMES PAUL A.
Published: February 2022

1 Peter manifests a surprising textual diversity behind its citation of the OT. The majority of scholars hold that 1 Pet 2:6 cites a variation of the Septuagint text that was, for some reason, modified. While a few suggest that the author himself modified the text, no one has sufficiently considered the reasons behind this modification. This article will examine the various possibilities behind 1 Peter’s version of the text, including potential interrelation between 1 Peter and Romans. This article argues that the modification of the LXX έμβάλλω to τίθημι in 1 Pet 2:6 is both deliberate and exegetically significant. It was changed for lexical, theological, and discourse reasons.
SLICING THOUGHTS
Authors: Bozickovic Vojislav
Published: February 2022

According to a criterion of difference for thoughts derived from Frege, two thoughts are different if it is at the same time possible for a rational subject to take conflicting epistemic attitudes toward them. But applying this criterion to perception-based demonstrative thoughts seems to slice thoughts too finely and lead to their proliferation, which makes the criterion implausible. I argue that such a proliferation of thoughts is blocked by transforming this criterion into a related one that is shown to be essential in individuating thoughts as they are conceived of in this paper. This has to do with the fact that what makes demonstrative sense synchronically or diachronically the same is the subject’s unreflective taking-for-granted that the object that she is perceiving is a single object that does not require her to keep track of it in the sense supposed by Evans and Campbell.
INFORMATION, VERIDICALITY, AND INFERENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Fresco Nir , McGivern Patrick , Ghose Aditya
Published: February 2022

Is information always true? According to some authors, including Dretske, Grice, Barwise, and recently, Floridi, who has defended the Veridicality Thesis, the answer is positive. For, on Floridi’s view, there is an intimate relation between information and knowledge, which is always true. It is argued in this article that information used in inferential knowledge can, nevertheless, be false, thereby showing that the Veridicality Thesis is false.
DIVINE FINE-TUNING VS. ELECTRONS IN LOVE
Authors: Sinhababu Neil
Published: February 2022

I offer a new objection to the fine-tuning argument for God’s existence, which arises from the metaphysical possibility of alternative psychophysical laws that permit a wider range of physical entities to have minds. Section 1 presents the fine-tuning argument, according to which divine creation best explains why the physical constants permit intelligent life. Section 2 presents the objection that under sufficiently mind-friendly psychophysical laws, any physical constants permit intelligent life. Section 3 explains that proponents of the argument can’t deny the metaphysical possibility of such psychophysical laws because they must accept a non-physical God with a mind. Section 4 considers a version of the argument restricted to universes with actual psychophysical laws, and responds that there’s no reason God would favor such universes.
HOW TO BE OMNIPRESENT
Authors: Cowling Sam , Cray Wesley D.
Published: February 2022

Attributions of omnipresence, most familiar within the philosophy of religion, typically take the omnipresence of an entity to either consist in that entity’s occupation of certain regions or be dependent upon other of that entity’s attributes, such as omnipotence or omniscience. This paper defends an alternative conception of omnipresence that is independent of other purported divine attributes and dispenses with occupation. The resulting view repurposes the metaphysics of necessitism and permanentism, taking omnipresent entities to be those entities that exist at all regions. This view is then shown to best accommodate attributions of omnipresence to a diverse range of metaphysical posits, like abstract entities, and a more diverse class of religious posits.
NORMS OF CREDIBILITY
Authors: Lackey Jennifer
Published: February 2022

In this paper, I explore whether there is a need for a multiplicity of norms governing belief due to differences in the objects of those beliefs, particularly the difference between persons and nonpersons. I call the view according to which there is a single epistemic norm governing belief monism, and the view that there is more than one such noun pluralism. I consider three different kinds of objections to monism that stem specifically from considerations unique to assessing the credibility of persons, along with corresponding pluralist proposals. I argue not only that all of the criticisms of monism fail, but also that the proposed pluralist norms face significant problems of their own. In so doing, the aim of the paper is to clear the path for there being a single epistemic norm governing belief, despite there being important epistemic differences between how we ought to treat persons and nonpersons.
A REFINED ACCOUNT OF THE "EPISTEMIC GAME": EPISTEMIC NORMS, TEMPTATIONS, AND EPISTEMIC COOPERATION
Authors: Henderson David , Graham Peter
Published: February 2022

In "Epistemic Norms and the ’Epistemic Game’ They Regulate" (2017, 367—382), we advance a general case for the idea that epistemic norms regulating the production of beliefs might usefully be understood as social norms. There, we drew on the influential account of social norms developed by Cristina Bicchieri, and we managed to give a crude recognizable picture of important elements of what are recognizable as central epistemic norms. Here, we consider much needed elaboration, suggesting (again, highly idealized) models that help one think about epistemic communities and, ultimately, the temptations confronted in one’s epistemic life. We suggest that once "the epistemic game" is embedded into a wider set of gains and losses, one can understand the epistemic choice situation as a form of mixed-motive game. This allows one to understand epistemic games more straightforwardly using Bicchieri’s framework for thinking about social norms. That is, once the choice situation denominated only in terms of classical epistemic gains and losses is embedded in a wider accounting of goods that may compete with the production of true beliefs, one can see how an agent’s individual and community epistemic project can be furthered by social norms regulating epistemic practices. We recommend thinking of epistemic norms as analogous to social norms for hygiene.
ACCIDENTS UNMOORED
Authors: Heil John
Published: February 2022

The essence of an accident consists in its relationship (dispositione) to a substance. For we should not imagine that an accident is a thing in its own right to which gets attached a relationship or a link (respectus) to a substance in which that accident exists. For if so, an accident would be something in its own right, dependent on substance only as extrinsic, and on this view, an accident could be cognized apart from the substance. These outcomes are impossible, however. Hence, what an accident is to something of the substance: either a measure (as a quantity is), or a state (as a quality is), and so on. Thus, the Philosopher says that an accident has being only because it belongs to something that has being (Oriel ms. 33 in Donati, Utram Accidens, 600 quoted in Pasnau 2011, p. 185).
BERGMANN’S UNIVERSAL REALISM: WITH AND WITHOUT FUNDAMENTAL TIE
Authors: Tegtmeier Erwin
Published: February 2022

Bergmann advocated a universal realism different from that of Plato. His universals are different, and the fundamental tie connecting universals to particulars is also in many respects different from Plato’s participation. Since Bergmann takes universals to be perceptible, it makes sense to argue empirically for the existence of the fundamental tie of exemplification. He holds that exemplification ties universals and particulars together into facts. However, finally he drops fundamental ties and attributes to diads of diversity the togetherness of universals and particulars, though he is very reluctant to give up the principle that complexes need ties to give them unity. Analyzing the ontological tradition, Bergmann claims that it mostly mistook a function for a fundamental tie.
A SPECULATIVE SOLUTION TO THE INSTANTIATION AND STRUCTURE PROBLEMS FOR UNIVERSALS
Authors: Forrest Peter
Published: February 2022

Typical structural universals are not just the mereological sum of their constituents. Hence, there is the Structure Problem of explaining this non-mereological structure. The Instantiation Problem is that the predicate "U is instantiated by x, y, etc., in that order" is ill-suited to be a primitive, unanalyzed predicate. The proposed solution to these problems is based on the observation that if universal U is said to supervene upon universals V, W, etc., then it is the instantiation of U that supervenes on the instantiation of V, W, etc. Assuming there are few subvenient universals, which is admittedly a speculation, their instantiation may be explained in ways that would be uneconomic if there were too many.
THE BASING RELATION AND THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF THE DEBASING DEMON
Authors: Bondy Patrick , Carter J. Adam
Published: February 2022

Descartes’ demon is a deceiver: the demon makes things appear to you other than as they really are. However, as Descartes famously pointed out in the Second Meditation, not all knowledge is imperiled by this kind of deception. You still know you are a thinking thing. Perhaps, though, there is a more virulent demon in epistemic hell, one from which none of our knowledge is safe. Jonathan Schaffer (2010) thinks so. The "debasing demon" he imagines threatens knowledge not via the truth condition on knowledge, but via the basing condition. This demon can cause any belief to seem like it’s held on a good basis, when it’s really held on a bad basis. Several recent critics grant Schaffer the possibility of such a debasing demon, and argue that the skeptical conclusion doesn’t follow. By contrast, we argue that on any plausible account of the epistemic basing relation, the "debasing demon" is impossible. Our argument for why this is so gestures, more generally, to the importance of avoiding common traps by embracing mistaken assumptions about what it takes for a belief to be based on a reason.
RECENT WORK ON TRUST AND TESTIMONY
Authors: McMyler Benjamin , Ogungbure Adebayo
Published: February 2022

Epistemologists have recently started appealing to the moral philosophy literature on interpersonal trust in order to help explain the epistemology of testimony. We argue that epistemologists who have given trust a significant role in their accounts of the epistemology of testimony have appealed to very different conceptions of the nature of trust, which have inevitably influenced the shape of their epistemological theorizing. Some have employed accounts of the nature of interpersonal trust according to which trust is a practical phenomenon subject to the will and to practical reasoning. Such accounts face the task of showing how the practical phenomenon that is interpersonal trust has epistemic implications for testimonial belief. Other theorists have employed accounts of the nature of interpersonal trust according to which trust is at least partly a cognitive phenomenon, itself subject to epistemic norms. Such accounts do not face the task of showing how practical rationality has implications for theoretical reason. Instead, they face the rather different tasks of showing how it is that cognitive trusting bears genuinely interpersonal features, and of how theoretical rationality can share features with practical rationality.
PAINFULNESS, DESIRE, AND THE EUTHYPHRO DILEMMA
Authors: Brady Michael S.
Published: February 2022

The traditional desire view of painfulness maintains that pain sensations are painful because the subject desires that they not be occurring. A significant criticism of this view is that it apparently succumbs to a version of the Euthyphro Dilemma: the desire view, it is argued, is committed to an implausible answer to the question of why pain sensations are painful. In this paper, I explain and defend a new desire view, and one which can avoid the Euthyphro Dilemma. This new view maintains that painfulness is a property, not of pain sensations, but of a pain experience, understood as a relational state constituted by a pain sensation and a desire that the sensation not be occurring.
INTENTION AND PREDICTION IN MEANS-END REASONING
Authors: White Stephen J.
Published: February 2022

How, if at all, does one’s intention to realize an end bear on the justification for taking the means to that end? Theories that allow that intending an end directly provides a reason to take the means are subject to a well-known "bootstrapping" objection. On the other hand, "anti-psychologistic" accounts—which seek to derive instrumental reasons directly from the reasons that support adopting the end itself—have unacceptable implications where an agent faces multiple rationally permissible options. An alternative, predictive, role for intention in means-end reasoning is considered and rejected. A new proposal is then developed, according to which instrumental reasons are not merely reasons to perform an act necessary for a given end, but to perform the act for the sake of that end.
HOW TO FORMULATE ARGUMENTS FROM EASY KNOWLEDGE, AND MAYBE HOW TO RESIST THEM
Authors: Jackson Alexander
Published: February 2022

Arguments from "easy knowledge" are meant to refute a class of epistemological views, including foundationalism about perceptual knowledge. I present arguments from easy knowledge in their strongest form, and explain why other formulations in the literature are inferior. I criticize two features of Stewart Cohen’s presentation (2002, 2005), namely his focus on knowing that one’s faculties are reliable, and his use of a Williamson-style closure principle. Rather, the issue around easy knowledge must be understood using a notion of epistemic priority. Roger White’s presentation (2006) is contaminated by the so-called lottery puzzle, which is best kept separate. Distinguishing basic from non-basic visual contents limits the force of the examples discussed by Cohen, White, and Crispin Wright (2007). Finally, I present a new strategy for resisting even the best-formulated arguments from easy knowledge.
METAPHYSICS AND THE PARONYMY OF NAMES
Authors: Lycan William G.
Published: February 2022

Paronymy—ambiguity that is not sheer ambiguity—is underdiscussed by philosophers of language. And hardly anyone has noticed that proper names are paronymous; different occurrences of a single name have slightly and subtly different referents. This paper invokes that fact to illuminate some issues in metaphysics: a puzzle about fictional characters; Jennifer Saul’s phenomenon of referential opacity in the absence of opacity-inducing operators; the relation between persons and bodies; death; personal identity through time; and Peter Ludlow’s argument for the zany claim that the distinction between fiction and actuality is merely contextual.
CONCEPTUAL DISAGREEMENT
Authors: Stroud Sarah
Published: February 2022

Can you disagree with someone without thinking that what they say (or think) is false? As we shall see, this is not only possible but quite frequent. Starting with the type of disagreement most familiar from the philosophical literature, we will progressively expand the circle of genuine disagreement until it encompasses even conceptual disagreement, which might sound like a contradiction in terms. For conceptual disagreement necessarily involves the parties’ using different concepts, which one might think would preclude genuine disagreement. We shall argue otherwise, adducing three different types of case in order to demonstrate the scope of this phenomenon.
MASTERING MARY
Authors: Rabin Gabriel Oak
Published: February 2022

I make three claims about the interactions between concept mastery and the knowledge argument. First, I argue that, contra Ball (2013), the concept mastery response to the knowledge argument does not suffer from the heterogeneity of concept mastery. Second, I argue that, when doing metaphysics by relating propositions on the basis of whether a hypothetical agent who knew a base collection could infer a target proposition, it is legitimate to rely on propositions that are not contained in the base, as long as those propositions are required for mastery of relevant concepts. One upshot is that, when checking whether the physical truths a priori entail the consciousness truths, it is fair game to rely on substantive truths about consciousness. Third, I argue that the only version of the knowledge argument that has any hope of succeeding against physicalism completely lacks the argument’s driving intuition: that Mary learns something new when she emerges from the black and white room.
A CAPACITY ACCOUNT OF MEMORY
Authors: Salvaggio Mary
Published: February 2022

In this paper I argue for a capacity account of memory, according to which memory is a neurocognitive capacity to encode, store, and retrieve information. Phenomenal accounts classify memory as having a certain phenomenal character. However, the mental processes generating that phenomenal character are separate from the processes that generate content. Causal accounts require a causal connection between the subject’s current representation and their original representation. However, when memory is constructed, this connection does not exist. Unlike its major competitors, the capacity account picks out an epistemically interesting class of memory beliefs while accommodating the constructive nature of memory.
PRACTICAL IDENTITY AND DUTIES TO THE SELF
Authors: Schofield Paul
Published: February 2022

In this paper, I appeal to the notion of practical identity in order to defend the possibility of synchronic duties to the self—that is, self-directed duties focused on one’s present self as opposed to one’s future self. While many dismiss the idea of self-directed duties, I show that a person may be morally required to act in ways that advance her present interests and autonomy by virtue of her occupying multiple practical identities at a single moment.
THE END OF MYSTERY
Authors: Baron Sam , Colyvan Mark
Published: February 2022

Tim travels back in time and tries to kill his grandfather before his father was born. Tim fails. But why? Lewis’s response was to cite “coincidences”: Tim is the unlucky subject of gun jammings, banana peels, sudden changes of heart, and so on. A number of challenges have been raised against Lewis’s response. The latest of these focuses on explanation. This paper diagnoses the source of this new disgruntlement and offers an alternative explanation for Tim’s failure, one that Lewis would not have liked. The explanation is an obvious one but controversial, so it is defended against all the objections that can be mustered.
EACH THING IS FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Fiocco M. Oreste
Published: February 2022

Each thing is fundamental. Not only is no thing any more or less real than any other, but no thing is prior to another in any robust ontological sense. Thus, no thing can explain the very existence of another, nor account for how another is what it is. This surprising conclusion is reached by undermining two important positions in contemporary metaphysics: hylomorphism and hierarchical views employing so-called building relations, such as grounding. The paper has three main parts. First, it is observed that hylomorphism is alleged by its proponents to solve various philosophical problems. However, it is demonstrated, in light of a compelling account of explanation, that these problems are actually demands to explain what cannot be but inexplicable. Second, it is shown how the argument against hylomorphism illuminates an account of the essence of a thing, thereby providing insight into what it is to exist. This indicates what a thing, in the most general sense, must be and a correlative account of the structure in reality. Third, it is argued that this account of structure is incompatible not only with hylomorphism, but also with any hierarchical view of reality. Although hylomorphism and the latter views are quite different, representing distinct philosophical traditions, it is maintained that they share untenable accounts of structure and fundamentality and so should be rejected on the same grounds.
THE “NEGATION PROBLEM” FOR METAETHICAL ERROR THEORY
Authors: Pravato Giulia
Published: February 2022

This paper investigates an objection often raised against metaethical error theory. The challenge runs as follows. Metaethical error theory says that all substantive ethical sentences are false. But if a sentence p is false, then given a standard semantics for “not,” ¬p must be true, and vice versa. On the face of it, one can’t hold that p and ¬p are both false. After presenting a more refined version of the challenge (in the form of a set of initially plausible and yet jointly inconsistent principles), the paper examines a common way out of the puzzle, finds it unsatisfactory, and offers some alternative escape routes that, it is submitted, fare better than the standard one.
SUPEREROGATION AND THE CASE AGAINST AN “OVERALL OUGHT”
Authors: Ventham Elizabeth
Published: February 2022

This paper argues against a kind of “overall ought.” The main argument is a version of the paradox of supererogation. The problem is this: obligating an agent to do what’s overall best will, when that differs from what’s they morally ought to do, obligate the agent to not do what’s they morally ought to. This, the paper will argue, is implausible. For each of four possible interpretations of this overall ought concept, it will either come across a form of this paradox or no longer look like the targeted “overall ought” concept at all.
RECENT WORK ON EPISTEMIC ENTITLEMENT
Authors: Graham Peter J. , Pedersen Nikolaj J. L. L.
Published: February 2022

Tyler Burge and Crispin Wright distinguish between justification and entitlement. For both entitlement is the new notion. For Burge, entitlement is warrant without reasons. Burge’s account of reasons is explained. For Wright, entitlement is a non-evidential right to claim knowledge of authenticity-conditions. Wright’s account is motivated by warrant transmission failure. Burge and Wright mean different things by entitlement; they do not share a common project. Burge’s use connects to mainstream epistemological inquiry into knowledge and warrant. Wright’s use connects to mainstream epistemology inquiry into skepticism and warrant transmission. Recent work from and about both is discussed. Among other results, it is shown that Burge’s distinction is not a version of the internalism vs. externalism distinction. For Burge, both justifications and entitlements are externalist.
HUME ON THE DEFEASIBLE JUSTIFICATION OF THE VULGAR BELIEF IN BODY
Authors: Sasser Nathan
Published: February 2022

I argue that the vulgar belief in continued and distinct existences, as Hume describes it in Treatise 1.4.2, “Of Scepticism with Regard to the Senses,” is defeasibly justified. Prior to and apart from the rebutting defeater that Hume brings forward as an argument from perceptual relativity in paragraphs 44 and 45, the vulgar belief is perfectly in order, philosophically speaking. For Hume, a belief is defeasibly justified if and only if it is produced by permanent, irresistible, and universal principles of the imagination. The vulgar belief meets these conditions and thus is defeasibly justified—even though it suffers eventual defeat.
CONNOTATION AND FREGE’S SEMANTIC DUALISM
Authors: Hicks Michael R.
Published: February 2022

The traditional distinction between Millian and Fregean theories of names presupposes that what Mill calls ‘connotation’ lines up with what Frege calls ‘sense.’ This presupposition is false. Mill’s talk of connotation is an attempt to bring into view the line of thought that crystallizes in Frege’s distinction between concept and object. This latter is the semantic dualism of my title.
C. I. LEWIS WAS A FOUNDATIONALIST AFTER ALL
Authors: Klemick Griffin
Published: February 2022

While C. I. Lewis was traditionally interpreted as an epistemological foundationalist throughout his major works, virtually every recent treatment of Lewis’s epistemology dissents. But the traditional interpretation is correct: Lewis believed that apprehensions of “the given” are certain independently of support from, and constitute the ultimate warrant for, objective empirical beliefs. This interpretation proves surprisingly capable of accommodating apparently contrary textual evidence. The non-foundationalist reading, by contrast, simply cannot explain Lewis’s explicit opposition to coherentism and his insistence that only apprehensions of the given enable us to answer the regress problem—and so vindicate the possibility of empirical justification.
MEANING MAKING INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE ACADEMIC ARENA: INVESTIGATING THE CONTEXTUALITY OF EPISTEMOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: Pizzolato Jane Elizabeth
Published: February 2022

By investigating undergraduates’ epistemological orientations and processes in academic and personal contexts, this study examined whether and how epistemological development in one context is related to development in another context. It is difficult to know how holistic epistemological development is. Our findings suggest there are contextual differences in students’ epistemologies.
GENERAL EDUCATION COURSES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA: APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF REASONED ACTION IN MEASURING COURSE OUTCOMES
Authors: Garg Deepti , Garg Ajay K.
Published: February 2022

This study applied the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Technology Acceptance Model to measure outcomes of general education courses under the University of Botswana Computer and Information Skills program. An exploratory model was validated for responses from 298 students. The results have implications for course design and resource utilization.
İçsel Pazarlama Uygulamalarının Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışına Etkisi: Kamu Kurumunda Bir Uygulama
Authors: Akyüz Ahmet Mutlu , Yazıcı Yusuf
Published: February 2022

Kurumlar, çalışanlarının gelişiminde ve kurum içi iş süreçlerinin daha etkin ve verimli bir şekilde yürütülmesinde çeşitli içsel pazarlama faaliyetleri organize etmektedirler. Yürütülen bu faaliyetlerle çalışanların kuruma bağlılıklarını arttırmayı ve daha başarılı bir iş süreci yürütmelerini sağlamayı hedeflemektedirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı yürütülen içsel pazarlama faaliyetlerinin çalışanların örgütsel vatandaşlık (diğergamlık) davranışı gösterme eğilimleri üzerindeki olası etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmanın evrenini Trabzon ilinde bulunan bir kamu kurumunun çalışanları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma modelini test etmede gereken veriler kolayda örneklem kullanılarak anket yöntemi ile toplanmış olup, 210 adet katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır.
Verilerin analiziyle elde edilen bulgular neticesinde içsel pazarlama faaliyetlerinin alt boyutlarını oluşturan eğitim ve gelişim boyutu ile iç iletişim alt boyutlarının örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı değişkenini oluşturan bireysel vatandaşlık davranışı ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı alt boyutlarının her ikisi üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı etkilerinin olduğu gözlemlenirken, diğer alt boyutlardan ücret ve ödüllendirme boyutu ile personel güçlendirme boyutunun anlamlı etkiye sahip olmadıkları tespit edilmiştir.
Causas de deserción y estrategias de retención en la formación complementaria virtual del SENA
Authors: Angel Benavides Wilmer Ismael , Ramos Mejía Rhina María , Chimbí Sánchez Lizeth Andrea
Published: February 2022

La deserción en cursos virtuales, masivos y abiertos es tema de debate por la alta tasa de abandono de la formación. Con el fin de mejorar la calidad de la educación virtual y generar estrategias de retención, el equipo de Ejecución de la Formación desarrolló un estudio para identificar las causas de deserción en los cursos cortos virtuales del Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA. Partiendo de una metodología descriptiva, se obtuvieron datos de tipo cuantitativo y cualitativo de una muestra de 20.903 aprendices que no se certificaron en el curso corto matriculado en el 2020. La recolección de información se realizó a través de dos instrumentos elaborados a partir del análisis de la literatura sobre deserción en cursos virtuales, masivos y abiertos, ajustados a las particularidades de la formación complementaria del SENA. A través del análisis, se identificó que el comportamiento de la población de los cursos cortos del SENA varía significativamente respecto a los hallazgos de estudios precedentes sobre los cursos abiertos, masivos y en línea; así, las causas de deserción en la entidad responden a las particularidades de esta población. Por último, se orientan estrategias de retención, de acuerdo con las causas identificadas en el estudio.