bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exact asymptotics of long-range quantum correlations in a non-equilibrium steady state
Authors: Fraenkel Shachar , Goldstein Moshe
Published: March 2024

Out-of-equilibrium states of many-body systems tend to evade a description by standard statistical mechanics, and their uniqueness is epitomized by the possibility of certain long-range correlations that cannot occur in equilibrium. In quantum many-body systems, coherent correlations of this sort may lead to the emergence of remarkable entanglement structures. In this work, we analytically study the asymptotic scaling of quantum correlation measures—the mutual information (MI) and the fermionic negativity—within the zero-temperature steady state of voltage-biased free fermions on a one-dimensional lattice containing a non-interacting impurity. Previously, we have shown that two subsystems on opposite sides of the impurity exhibit volume-law entanglement, which is independent of the absolute distances of the subsystems from the impurity. Here, we go beyond that result and derive the exact form of the subleading logarithmic corrections to the extensive terms of correlation measures, in excellent agreement with numerical calculations. In particular, the logarithmic term of the MI asymptotics can be encapsulated in a concise formula, depending only on simple four-point ratios of subsystem length scales and on the impurity scattering probabilities at the Fermi energies. This echoes the case of equilibrium states, where such logarithmic terms may convey universal information about the physical system. To compute these exact results, we devise a hybrid method that relies on Toeplitz determinant asymptotics for correlation matrices in both real space and momentum space, successfully circumventing the inhomogeneity of the system. This method could potentially find wider use for analytical calculations of entanglement measures in similar scenarios.
Stationary solutions to the Boltzmann equation in the plane
Authors: Arkeryd Leif , Nouri Anne
Published: March 2024

The paper proves existence of stationary solutions to the Boltzmann equation in a bounded set of

R

2

\mathbb {R}^2

for given indata, hard forces and truncation in the collision kernel for small velocities and close to parallel colliding velocities. It does not use any averaging in velocity lemma. Instead, it is based on stability techniques employing the Kolmogorov-Riesz-Fréchet theorem, from the discrete velocity stationary case, where the averaging in velocity lemmas are not valid.
Voice and Voicing Strategies Across Native and Second Language Writing: Extending the Interactional Metadiscourse Framework
Authors: Zhao Cecilia Guanfang , Wu Jincheng
Published: March 2024

Authorial voice is often identified as a key trait of successful writing in English rhetoric and composition, leading to research on its construction, development, and assessment in various types of written texts. Using Hyland’s (2008) interactional metadiscourse framework, existing studies have also examined the use of particular voice-related element(s) across different writer groups. Few, however, have examined how L2 writers may construct voice similarly or differently in their L1 and L2 writing. The present study therefore examined voice strength and voicing strategies in L1-Chinese and L2-English essays composed by the same group of Chinese EFL writers. Paired samples t-test showed, surprisingly, that writers’ L2-English voice was significantly stronger than their L1-Chinese voice, whereas subsequent text analysis of L1 and L2 writing samples further revealed differing linguistic, rhetorical, and discoursal resources employed by writers for voice construction when writing in two different language systems. Such findings extend Hyland’s (2008) interactional metadiscourse framework on voice construction and offer important implications for L2 writing instruction and assessment.
Using a Handful of Transcriptomes to Detect Sex-Linked Markers and Develop Molecular Sexing Assays in a Species with Homomorphic Sex Chromosomes
Authors: Saunders Paul A , Ferre-Ortega Carles , Hill Peta L , Simakov Oleg , Ezaz Tariq , Burridge Christopher P , Wapstra Erik
Published: March 2024

To understand the biology of a species, it is often crucial to be able to differentiate males and females. However, many species lack easily identifiable sexually dimorphic traits. In those that possess sex chromosomes, molecular sexing offers a good alternative, and molecular sexing assays can be developed through the comparison of male and female genomic sequences. However, in many nonmodel species, sex chromosomes are poorly differentiated, and identifying sex-linked sequences and developing sexing assays can be challenging. In this study, we highlight a simple transcriptome-based procedure for the detection of sex-linked markers suitable for the development of sexing assays that circumvents limitations of more commonly used approaches. We apply it to the spotted snow skink Carinascincus ocellatus, a viviparous lizard with homomorphic XY chromosomes that has environmentally induced sex reversal. With transcriptomes from three males and three females alone, we identify thousands of putative Y-linked sequences. We confirm linkage through alignment of assembled transcripts to a distantly related lizard genome and readily design multiple single locus polymerase chain reaction primers to sex C. ocellatus and related species. Our approach also facilitates valuable comparisons of sex determining systems on a broad taxonomic scale.
Longitudinal Evolution and Plasma Biomarkers for Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Lin Junyu , Li Chunyu , Ou Ruwei , Hou Yanbing , Zhang Lingyu , Wei Qianqian , Liu Kuncheng , Jiang Qirui , Yang Tianmi , Xiao Yi , Pang Dejiang , Yu Yujiao , Song Wei , Zhao Bi , Chen Xueping , Yang Jing , Wu Ying , Shang Huifang
Published: March 2024

Background

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is one of the most frequent nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, the pathogenesis of EDS is unclear, and there is a lack of information on plasma biomarkers for EDS in PD. We aimed to investigate the plasma biomarkers of EDS in a large PD cohort.

Methods

A total of 159 PD patients were included in the prospective cohort study and followed up annually for 3 years. Plasma biomarkers including glial fibrillary acidic protein, amyloid-beta, p-tau181, and neurofilament light chain (NfL), were measured using an ultrasensitive single-molecule array (Simoa) technology at each visit. EDS was evaluated using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).

Results

The frequency of EDS in PD increased from 15.1% at baseline to 25.0% after 3 years. The mean ESS scores increased from 5.1 (standard deviation [SD]: 4.8) at baseline to 6.1 (SD: 5.5) at the third year of follow-up. At baseline, compared with patients with PD without EDS, those with EDS were more likely to be male, had poorer cognitive performance, and more severe motor and nonmotor symptoms. The adjusted generalized estimating equations models showed that higher plasma NfL levels (OR: 1.047 [1.002–1.094], p = .042) were associated with EDS during follow-ups. The adjusted linear mixed-effects model showed that higher plasma NfL levels (β 0.097 [0.012–0.183], p = .026) were associated with ESS scores during follow-ups.

Conclusions

Higher plasma NfL levels were associated with EDS in PD, indicating an association between neuro-axonal degeneration and EDS in PD.
Adolescent Stress-Induced Ventral Hippocampus Redox Dysregulation Underlies Behavioral Deficits and Excitatory/Inhibitory Imbalance Related to Schizophrenia
Authors: Santos-Silva Thamyris , Lopes Caio Fábio Baeta , Hazar Ülgen Doğukan , Guimarães Danielle A , Guimarães Francisco S , Alberici Luciane Carla , Sandi Carmen , Gomes Felipe V
Published: March 2024

Background and Hypothesis

Redox dysregulation has been proposed as a convergent point of childhood trauma and the emergence of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia (SCZ). A critical region particularly vulnerable to environmental insults during adolescence is the ventral hippocampus (vHip). However, the impact of severe stress on vHip redox states and their functional consequences, including behavioral and electrophysiological changes related to SCZ, are not entirely understood.

Study Design

After exposing adolescent animals to physical stress (postnatal day, PND31–40), we explored social and cognitive behaviors (PND47–49), the basal activity of pyramidal glutamate neurons, the number of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, and the transcriptomic signature of the vHip (PND51). We also evaluated the impact of stress on the redox system, including mitochondrial respiratory function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and glutathione (GSH) levels in the vHip and serum.

Study Results

Adolescent-stressed animals exhibited loss of sociability, cognitive impairment, and vHip excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling unveiled the impact of stress on redox system- and synaptic-related genes. Stress impacted mitochondrial respiratory function and changes in ROS levels in the vHip. GSH and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels were elevated in the serum of stressed animals, while GSSG was also increased in the vHip and negatively correlated with sociability. Additionally, PV interneuron deficits in the vHip caused by adolescent stress were associated with oxidative stress.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the negative impact of adolescent stress on vHip redox regulation and mitochondrial function, which are partially associated with E/I imbalance and behavioral abnormalities related to SCZ.
Longer sleep duration and neuroinflammation in at-risk elderly with a parental history of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Baril Andrée-Ann , Picard Cynthia , Labonté Anne , Sanchez Erlan , Duclos Catherine , Mohammediyan Béry , Breitner John C S , Villeneuve Sylvia , Poirier Judes ,   PREVENT-AD Research Group, Villeneuve Sylvia , Chakravarty Mallar , Spreng Nathan , Bohbot Véronique , Collins Louis , Evans Alan , Hoge Rick , Near Jamie , Rajah Natasha , Soucy Jean-Paul , Baillet Sylvain , Poirier Judes , Auld Daniel , Multhaup Gerhard , Cuello Claudio , Morgan David G , Arbour Nathalie , Breitner John , Geddes Maiya , Ducharme Simon , Baril Andrée-Ann , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Das Samir , Madjar Cécile , Kat Justin , Tremblay-Mercier Jennifer , Dyke Stephanie , Iturria Medina Yasser , Leoutsakos Jeannie-Marie , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Mielke Michelle M , Ossenkoppele Rik , Amouyel Philippe , Labonté Anne , Picard Cynthia , Tardif Christine , Münter Lisa-Marie , Orban Pierre , Fonov Vladimir , Newbold Holly , Dadar Masha , Meyer Pierre-François , Tullo Stéphanie , Vachon-Presseau Étienne
Published: March 2024

Study Objectives

Although short sleep could promote neurodegeneration, long sleep may be a marker of ongoing neurodegeneration, potentially as a result of neuroinflammation. The objective was to evaluate sleep patterns with age of expected Alzheimer’s disease (AD) onset and neuroinflammation.

Methods

We tested 203 dementia-free participants (68.5 ± 5.4 years old, 78M). The PREVENT-AD cohort includes older persons with a parental history of AD whose age was nearing their expected AD onset. We estimated expected years to AD onset by subtracting the participants’ age from their parent’s at AD dementia onset. We extracted actigraphy sleep variables of interest (times of sleep onset and morning awakening, time in bed, sleep efficiency, and sleep duration) and general profiles (sleep fragmentation, phase delay, and hypersomnia). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory biomarkers were assessed with OLINK multiplex technology.

Results

Proximity to, or exceeding, expected age of onset was associated with a sleep profile suggestive of hypersomnia (longer sleep and later morning awakening time). This hypersomnia sleep profile was associated with higher CSF neuroinflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, MCP-1, and global score). Interaction analyses revealed that some of these sleep-neuroinflammation associations were present mostly in those closer/exceeding the age of expected AD onset, APOE4 carriers, and those with better memory performance.

Conclusions

Proximity to, or exceeding, parental AD dementia onset was associated with a longer sleep pattern, which was related to elevated proinflammatory CSF biomarkers. We speculate that longer sleep may serve a compensatory purpose potentially triggered by neuroinflammation as individuals are approaching AD onset. Further studies should investigate whether neuroinflammatory-triggered long sleep duration could mitigate cognitive deficits.
Insurance-based Disparities in Outcomes and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Utilization for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Glance Laurent G. , Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Mazzeffi Michael , Shippey Ernie , Wood Katherine L. , Yoko Furuya E. , Stone Patricia W. , Shang Jingjing , Wu Isaac Y. , Gosev Igor , Lustik Stewart J. , Lander Heather L. , Wyrobek Julie A. , Laserna Andres , Dick Andrew W.
Published: March 2024

Background

The objective of this study was to examine insurance-based disparities in mortality, nonhome discharges, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilization in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

Methods

Using a national database of U.S. academic medical centers and their affiliated hospitals, the risk-adjusted association between mortality, nonhome discharge, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilization and (1) the type of insurance coverage (private insurance, Medicare, dual enrollment in Medicare and Medicaid, and no insurance) and (2) the weekly hospital COVID-19 burden (0 to 5.0%; 5.1 to 10%, 10.1 to 20%, 20.1 to 30%, and 30.1% and greater) was evaluated. Modeling was expanded to include an interaction between payer status and the weekly hospital COVID-19 burden to examine whether the lack of private insurance was associated with increases in disparities as the COVID-19 burden increased.

Results

Among 760,846 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, 214,992 had private insurance, 318,624 had Medicare, 96,192 were dually enrolled in Medicare and Medicaid, 107,548 had Medicaid, and 23,560 had no insurance. Overall, 76,250 died, 211,702 had nonhome discharges, 75,703 were mechanically ventilated, and 2,642 underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The adjusted odds of death were higher in patients with Medicare (adjusted odds ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.21 to 1.35]; P < 0.0005), dually enrolled (adjusted odds ratio, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.30 to 1.50]; P < 0.0005), Medicaid (adjusted odds ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.20 to 1.36]; P < 0.0005), and no insurance (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.26 to 1.62]; P < 0.0005) compared to patients with private insurance. Patients with Medicare (adjusted odds ratio, 0.47; [95% CI, 0.39 to 0.58]; P < 0.0005), dually enrolled (adjusted odds ratio, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.24 to 0.43]; P < 0.0005), Medicaid (adjusted odds ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.62 to 0.79]; P < 0.0005), and no insurance (adjusted odds ratio, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.29 to 0.56]; P < 0.001) were less likely to be placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation than patients with private insurance. Mortality, nonhome discharges, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilization did not change significantly more in patients with private insurance compared to patients without private insurance as the COVID-19 burden increased.

Conclusions

Among patients with COVID-19, insurance-based disparities in mortality, nonhome discharges, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilization were substantial, but these disparities did not increase as the hospital COVID-19 burden increased.

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Non–Immunoglobulin E–Mediated Food Allergies
Authors: Weston Eva D. , Myers Esther
Published: March 2024

In food allergy, there is an unfortunate misconception that all allergies are equally dangerous. This third article on food allergies focuses on non–immunoglobulin E–mediated food allergy, which classically presents in infancy or early childhood and predominantly involves the gastrointestinal tract. Most non–immunoglobulin E–mediated food allergies have a good prognosis, with the majority outgrown in childhood, although a minority of cases do persist into adulthood.
The Prevalence and Perception of Disordered Eating and Eating Disorders Among Dietetic Students, Interns, and Graduates at a University
Authors: Ricci Lynsey M. , MacQuillan Libby , Grant-Holcomb Arlene
Published: March 2024

Disordered eating (DE) and eating disorders (EDs) are behaviors indicative of unhealthy relationships between food and body image. They may require mental health interventions and have implications for dietetic practice when they occur in dietetic professionals. This was a cross-sectional study about them delivered over the internet to students, interns, and graduates of nutrition and dietetics at a university. About half (53%) of respondents indicated having a personal experience with DE or an ED. The results of this study may be useful for educators in designing higher education that supports future nutrition professionals in the achievement of healthy relationships with food and body image.
Quality of Life After Lower Leg Reconstruction With the Latissimus Dorsi Free Flap in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Bustamante Atenas , Zavala Abraham , Iglesias Martin , Tornero Ray , Machaca Lucero , De Pawlikowski Wieslawa
Published: March 2024

Background

The latissimus dorsi free flap is a widely used reconstructive technique for complex lower leg defects in the pediatric population due to its reliability and anatomical features. However, the impact of this technique on the postoperative quality of life in children and adolescents, who require appropriate lower extremity function during their developmental period, remains to be analyzed.

Methods

Patients who underwent microsurgical lower leg reconstruction using the latissimus dorsi flap were analyzed retrospectively. The quality of life of these patients was assessed prospectively using the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) at a minimum of 18 months after surgical reconstruction.

Results

Sixteen pediatric patients who had severe lower extremity injuries and underwent latissimus dorsi free flap reconstruction met the inclusion criteria. The mean follow-up period was 33.9 months (22–64 months). Two patients experienced postoperative complications: one had partial flap necrosis and surgical site infection, while the other developed a surgical site infection. The LEFS scores ranged from 26 to 80, with a mean score of 64.6. Remarkably, 14 of 16 patients achieved LEFS scores consistent with at least the 10th percentile when compared with normative data. Patients with severe associated fractures presented with the lowest scores.

Conclusions

Based on our findings, the latissimus dorsi flap is reaffirmed to be an excellent choice for lower leg reconstruction in the pediatric population. It effectively restores the quality of life in patients who have experienced moderate to severe lower extremity injuries.
Industry Sponsorship Bias in Collagenase Clinical Trials for Dupuytren Disease
Authors: Gray Kelsey M. , Khatiwada Priyenka , Capito Anthony E.
Published: March 2024

Background

Collagenase clostridium histolyticum (collagenase) was introduced in 2010 creating a nonoperative treatment option for Dupuytren disease with promising results in sponsored clinical trials. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate industry sponsorship bias.

Methods

A systematic review of collagenase treatment of Dupuytren contracture was conducted. Articles containing mesh terms including “microbial collagenase” and “Dupuytren's contracture” were searched and limited to only clinical trials with similar protocols for inclusion. Meta-analysis of treatment endpoints of correction of contracture to 0–5 degrees after first and last injection was conducted comparing sponsored versus nonsponsored studies.

Results

Sixteen of the 29 identified articles met criteria for inclusion. Nonsponsored studies reported a significantly higher rate of meeting the primary treatment endpoint compared to sponsored studies after single injection for all joints (69.6% vs 56% P < 0.01), metacarpophalangeal joint (96% vs 64% P < 0.01), and proximal interphalangeal joint (67% vs 36% P = 0.011). The correction in contracture rates was similar between groups with studies evaluating more than one injection.

Conclusions

Nonsponsored studies published higher success rates in meeting the primary endpoint of full correction after single injection than sponsored studies; however, similar results with multiple injections. This study demonstrated that sponsored studies of collagenase produced highly powered studies that may be reliably depended on for evidence-based clinical application.
Combined Targeted Muscle Reinnervation With Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces Decreases Long-Term Narcotic Use in Amputees
Authors: Wee Corinne , Boas Samuel , Coquillard Cristin , Cai Yida , Kurlander David , Maasarani Samantha , Leavitt Tripp , Long Tobias , Lineberry Kyle , Khouri Joseph
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Combined targeted muscle reinnervation with regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces (“TMRpni”) is a recently described nerve management strategy that leverages beneficial elements of targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) and regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI) techniques. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TMRpni on long-term opioid consumption after amputation. We hypothesize that TMRpni decreases chronic opioid consumption in amputees.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent TMRpni between 2019 and 2021. These patients were age-matched at a 1:1 ratio with a control group of patients who underwent amputation without TMRpni. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 28.0.

Results

Thirty-one age-matched pairs of patients in the TMRpni and control groups were included. At 30 days after surgery, there was no significant difference in number of patients who required an additional refill of their opioid prescriptions (45% vs 55%, P = 0.45) or patients who continued to actively use opioids (36% vs 42%, P = 0.60). However, at 90 days after surgery, there was a significantly lower number of patients from the TMRpni group who reported continued opioid use compared with the control group (10% vs 32%, P = 0.03).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that TMRpni may translate to decreased rates of chronic opiate use. Continued study is indicated to optimize TMRpni techniques and patient selection and to determine its long-term efficacy.
Infrared astronomy beyond JWST: the Moon perspective
Authors: Maillard Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2024

In the first special issue on ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades', two projects for the infrared domain, considered as justifying a lunar implementation, were presented: a general purpose light collector for the 1–200 μm range, of diameter much larger than any ELT on Earth and a specialized instrument in the very far-infrared aiming at the detection of the weak CMB spectral distortions. Learning from the launch of JWST, to surpass it in spatial, spectral resolution, spectral coverage and sensitivity, the concept of a large infrared, lunar collector is revisited to be specified on a more realistic approach. The telescope is designed to fit in its stowed configuration into the fairing of a future cargo launcher, in order to be deployed on the Moon in robotic mode from a single launch. With these constraints, its diameter is limited to 13 m, i.e. just twice JWST. The choice of the potential sites is also better defined, by selecting the coldest lunar spots that could provide a passive cooling, on average colder than is obtained for JWST at L2. In conclusion, the advantages and the requirements for the development of such a facility on the Moon in the next decades are reviewed.

This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 2)’.
Seroprevalence and risk factor analysis of brucellosis among dairy farmers in Aligarh region, North India: creating awareness of a neglected disease
Authors: Alam Alveera , Sami Hiba , Hashmi S. Zeeshan Ahmad , Gururaj K. , Khan Mohammad Azam , Khan Parvez A. , Ahmad Haleema , Fatima Nazish , Khan Haris M.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Brucellosis, a globally distributed zoonotic disease, is caused by the Gram-negative bacteria known as Brucella. Humans acquire infection through direct contact with the blood, urine and placenta of animals, inhalation of dust or aerosols at infected animal farms, and raw milk and meat intake. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of brucellosis in dairy farmers in and around the Aligarh region of North India, to document various clinical signs and symptoms in Brucella-positive individuals, and to create awareness in dairy farmers concerning brucellosis and ways to prevent it.

Methods. This was an observational study that included 125 dairy farmers in and around the Aligarh region. Serum samples were taken from this high-risk group after obtaining informed consent. Further, a pre-designed proforma was used to collect information about their knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) concerning brucellosis and assess the risk factors for the disease. The Rose Bengal test (RBT), serum agglutination test (SAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to detect the seroprevalence of brucellosis.

Result.
Brucella infection was diagnosed in 64 (51.20 %) cases by indirect ELISA (IgM+IgG), 41 (32.8 %) by RBT and 4 (3.2 %) by SAT. Significant clustering of patients was seen in the 20–55 years age group. The most common symptoms in ELISA IgM-positive patients were joint pain (16.07 %), fatigue (14.28 %), anorexia (12.50 %), weight loss (8.92 %), malaise (5.35 %), undulant fever (3.57 %), night sweats (3.57 %) and headache (1.78 %). The findings of this study indicate that ELISA (IgM+IgG) exhibits great sensitivity as compared to SAT and RBT. KAP was very poor among dairy farmers.

Conclusion. In India, Brucella is a frequent but severely underreported illness. ELISA is the most sensitive serological test for diagnosing brucellosis. No potential vaccine has yet been introduced for humans against brucellosis. Thus, it is necessary to impart awareness and sensitize high-risk groups concerning brucellosis.
Optical pumping of
5s4d1D2
strontium atoms for laser cooling and imaging
Authors: Samland Jens , Bennetts Shayne , Chen Chun-Chia , Escudero Rodrigo González , Schreck Florian , Pasquiou Benjamin
Published: March 2024

We present a faster repumping scheme for strontium magneto-optical traps operating on the broad 5s21S0−5s5p1P1 laser cooling transition. Contrary to existing repumping schemes, we directly address lost atoms that spontaneously decayed to the 5s4d1D2 state, sending them back into the laser cooling cycle by optical pumping on the 5s4d1D2−5s8p1P1 transition. We thus avoid the ∼100µs-slow decay path from 5s4d1D2 to the 5s5p3P1,2 states that is part of other repumping schemes. Using one low-cost external-cavity diode laser emitting at 448nm, we show our scheme increases the flux out of a 2D magneto-optical trap by 60% compared to without repumping. Furthermore, we perform spectroscopy on the 5s4d1D2−5s8p1P1 transition and measure its frequency νSr88=(668917515.3±4.0±25)MHz. We also measure the frequency shifts between the four stable isotopes of strontium and infer the specific mass and field shift factors, δνSMS88,86=−267(45)MHz and δνFS88,86=2(42)MHz. Finally, we measure the hyperfine splitting of the 5s8p1P1 state in fermionic strontium and deduce the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole coupling coefficients A=−4(5)MHz and B=5(35)MHz. Our experimental demonstration shows that this simple and very fast scheme could improve the laser cooling and imaging performance of cold strontium atom devices, such as quantum computers based on strontium atoms in arrays of optical tweezers.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Tailoring coupled topological corner states in photonic crystals via symmetry breaking induced by defects
Authors: Zhang Zhaojian , Yang Junbo , Lan Zhihao
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we present an effective approach to tailor the optical properties of coupled corner states in photonic crystal (PhC) supercell arrays by symmetry breaking. Defects are strategically introduced into unit cells to break the in-plane C4v symmetry, and numerical simulations confirm the preservation of the band gap and two-dimensional Zak phases, in spite of the presence of defects. Notably, the size of defects is demonstrated to play a significant role in tuning the eigenfrequencies, quality (Q) factors, and band structures of the coupled corner states. Furthermore, these defects exhibit the ability to transform topological dark states into bright states, enabling efficient excitation by external plane waves and polarization-dependent Q factors. The resonant origin of the coupled corner states is comprehensively elucidated using a multipole decomposition analysis. This study further releases the potential of the topological light-matter interaction, holding significant implications for the design and advancement of topological photonic devices with on-demand tunability and multifrequency regions for various applications such as lasing, sensing, and quantum information processing.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
A collective inquiry into betweenness: emerging scholars of color navigating the socialization process
Authors: Lim Ahreum , Jung Daeun , Lee Eunsun
Published: March 2024

Purpose

As emerging scholars of color with transnational backgrounds, we collectively recount our socialization experiences in US higher education institutes. We explore moments of betweenness as catalysts for envisioning a more inclusive academia that operates beyond the tokenism of diversity.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing betweener autoethnography (Diversi and Moreira, 2018), we inquire into the sense of impasse encountered by South Korean female emerging scholars in the field of education in becoming an outsider within the academic system.

Findings

Chronicling our shifts in perspectives of our positionality, we interweave inquiries motivating us to challenge normative pressures and map our betweener experiences onto the Wiedman and DeAngelo’s (2020) socialization model. Through this process, we wedge open in-between spaces in the socialization process that accommodate the nuanced positionality of transnational scholars.

Originality/value

Integrating postcolonial critiques on the Western-centric meritocratic academia, this piece sheds light on the complexity and fluidity of emerging transnational scholars’ socialization processes. The thick, nuanced description deepens the understanding of the complexity of their identity negotiation within the dominant logics of academia. Our inquiries interwoven through betweener autoethnography serve as guidance for mentoring international graduate students and transnational scholars.
The effects of world heritage status on European city residents’ subjective quality of life
Authors: Alfaro-Navarro José Luis , Andrés-Martínez María Encarnación
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Being awarded world heritage status is a distinguishing factor when it comes to promoting tourism in a city. Tourism in these cities should be developed in a way that does not compromise either the city’s heritage or the inhabitants' quality of life. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of a European city achieving world heritage status on the subjective quality of life of its citizens.

Design/methodology/approach

First of all, we classify European cities according to whether or not they have been declared world heritage sites. Then, we analyze the effect of this classification on the main aspects used to measure the residents' perception of quality of life that are available in the Flash Eurobarometer 419.

Findings

The results show that achieving world heritage status has a negative effect on residents' perceptions of the noise level, air quality and feeling of safety. However, it does not affect their perceptions of public transport or cleanliness. In addition, world heritage status positively affects residents’ perceptions of the cultural activities in the city and their ease of finding a job. Residents report high levels of happiness in both world heritage and non-heritage cities, although levels are somewhat higher in non-heritage cities.

Originality/value

Residents' perceptions of the influence of tourism on their quality of life are undoubtedly of major importance; however, due to a lack of available data, few studies have examined this subjective quality of life at the city level.
“Inclusion is definitely a possibility for all”: Promoting inclusive education through a critical professional development schools model
Authors: Sebti Latifa , Elder Brent C.
Published: March 2024

Purpose

In this article, we highlight ways in which disability critical race theory (DisCrit) (Annamma et al., 2013), inclusive education and community-based participatory research (CBPR) can be used within professional development schools (PDS) to provide students with disabilities with more access to inclusive classrooms. At a grade 4–6 elementary school, we developed a model of a critical PDS to promote inclusive education and facilitate the transition of students of color with disabilities from self-contained to inclusive classrooms. We conducted semi-structured interviews and used action plan meetings with school administrators, teachers, professionals and students with disabilities and their parents to assess the impact of our critical PDS model. Findings suggest this model had a positive impact on administrators’ and teachers’ critical consciousness, ideological and instructional practices, students of color with disabilities’ social, academic and personal outcomes, as well as a schoolwide culture of inclusion and social justice. This study can inform tailored professional development efforts to improve educators’ inclusive practices.

Design/methodology/approach

We conducted semi-structured interviews and used action plan meetings with school administrators, teachers, professionals and students with disabilities and their parents to assess the impact of our critical PDS model.

Findings

The findings of this study suggest this model had a positive impact on administrators’ and teachers’ critical consciousness, ideological and instructional practices, students of color with disabilities’ social, academic and personal outcomes, as well as a schoolwide culture of inclusion and social justice.

Practical implications

This study can inform tailored professional development efforts aiming to improve educators’ inclusive practices.

Originality/value

We developed a model of a critical PDS to promote inclusive education and facilitate the transition of students of color with disabilities from self-contained to inclusive classrooms.
Who Did What to Whom and How: A Scoping Review of Interventions to Promote Children's Self‐Efficacy in Mainland China
Authors: Wang Miao , Liu Kexin , Zhou Yue , Huang Xiaoyan
Published: March 2024

Self‐efficacy refers to an individual's judgement, belief and perception of their capability to accomplish specific tasks, which is crucial for children's mental well‐being. The primary objective of this scoping review was to systematically examine intervention studies aimed at enhancing children's self‐efficacy in Mainland China, intending to inform social work practices in child services. We conducted a comprehensive search of articles in Web of Science and CNKI to review empirical intervention studies published before March 2022 in either Chinese or English. The selection criteria included all empirical intervention studies focused on improving self‐efficacy in children in Mainland China. A total of 17 studies were identified and included in the review. Among these, six studies focused on general self‐efficacy, while the remaining 11 examined domain‐specific self‐efficacy. Seven studies provided compensatory interventions to children facing adversity, five studies implemented preventive services, and another five offered developmental services to children in regular circumstances. Fourteen programmes exclusively served children, while three studies involved parents. Notably, most of the included interventions were facilitated by research teams from universities, with only one led by a social work department. Education modalities and comprehensive interventions were commonly used and found to be effective. The current state of intervention studies underscores the need for programmes that utilize effective strategies and approaches to enhance children's self‐efficacy. Social workers are encouraged to play both direct and indirect roles in services aimed at improving children's self‐efficacy.
Pathogen Avoidance and Outgroup Avoidance During the First Wave of the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Kang Youngjin
Published: March 2024

Behavioral immune system (BIS) theory explains that humans possess an adaptive psychological mechanism that helps them stay away from potential sources of pathogens. The theory claims that potential sources of pathogens also include outgroups, such as racial and ethnic minorities, because outgroup members potentially carry infectious diseases to which ingroup members have not developed immunity. In order to examine this controversial claim, the current study investigated how outgroup avoidance was associated with other types of pathogen avoidance during the COVID‐19 pandemic. During the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic, participants from the United States (N = 386) responded to questions pertaining to pathogen threat, pathogen avoidance, and outgroup avoidance. The data were statistically analyzed to identify significant associations between those variables. The results indicated that outgroup avoidance was positively associated with avoidance of personal pathogen cues (i.e., social distancing) but no other types of pathogen cues (i.e., wearing a mask and washing hands). This result aligns with the recent theoretical argument that the outgroup avoidance activated by the BIS (e.g., xenophobia) is a byproduct of avoiding infected ingroup rather than outgroup individuals.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Contemporary Education, Vol. 7, No. 1
Authors: Oscar William
Published: March 2024

International Journal of Contemporary Education (IJCE) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJCE publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 1 Aurora Q. Pestano, University of San Jose Recoletos, PhilippinesBožić-Lenard Dragana, University of Osijek Croatia, CroatiaClaire Goode, Otago Polytechnic at Te Pūkenga, New ZealandDina Radeljas, Mohawk Valley Community College, USAEdward Bolden, Case Western Reserve University, USAFederica Cornali, University of Turin, ItalyGiuseppe Maugeri, University of Urbino, ItalyInaad M Sayer, University of Human Development, IraqIvan Lenard, Elementary School Ladimirevci, CroatiaMatthew Schatt, University of Florida, USAVassiliki Pliogou, University of Western Macedonia, Greece William OscarEditorial AssistantInternational Journal of Contemporary Education------------------------------------------------------------Redfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USATel: 1-503-828-0536 ext. 509Fax: 1-503-828-0537E-mail 1: ijce@redfame.comE-mail 2: ijce@redfame.orgURL: http://ijce.redfame.com
Bistable Aerial Transformer: A Quadrotor Fixed-Wing Hybrid That Morphs Dynamically Via Passive Soft Mechanism
Authors: Weakly Jessica , Li Xuan , Agarwal Tejas , Li Minchen , Folk Spencer , Jiang Chenfanfu , Sung Cynthia
Published: March 2024

Aerial vehicle missions require navigating trade-offs during design, such as the range, speed, maneuverability, and size. Multi-modal aerial vehicles enable this trade-off to be negotiated during flight. This paper presents a Bistable Aerial Transformer (BAT) robot, a novel morphing hybrid aerial vehicle that switches between quadrotor and fixed-wing modes via rapid acceleration and without any additional actuation beyond those required for normal flight. The design features a compliant bistable mechanism made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) that bears a large mass at the center of the robot’s body. When accelerating, inertial forces transition the vehicle between its stable modes, and a four-bar linkage connected to the bistable mechanism folds the vehicle’s wings in and out. The paper includes the full robot design and a comparison of the fabricated system to the elastodynamic simulation. Successful transitions between the two modes in mid-flight, as well as sustained flight in each mode indicate that the vehicle experiences higher agility in the quadrotor mode and higher flight efficiency in the fixed-wing mode, at an energy equivalent cost of only 2 s of flight time per pair of transitions. The vehicle demonstrates how compliant and bistable mechanisms can be integrated into future aerial vehicles for controllable self-reconfiguration for tasks such as surveillance and sampling that require a combination of maneuverability and long-distance flight.
Role of amino acid 159 in carbapenem and temocillin hydrolysis of OXA-933, a novel OXA-48 variant
Authors: Rima Mariam , Oueslati Saoussen , Cotelon Garance , Creton Elodie , Bonnin Rémy A. , Dortet Laurent , Iorga Bogdan I. , Naas Thierry
Published: March 2024

OXA-48 has rapidly disseminated worldwide and become one of the most common carbapenemases in many countries with more than 45 variants reported with, in some cases, significant differences in their hydrolysis profiles. The R214 residue, located in the ß5-ß6 loop, is crucial for the carbapenemase activity, as it stabilizes carbapenems in the active site and maintains the shape of the active site through interactions with D159. In this study, we have characterized a novel variant of OXA-48, OXA-933 with a single D159N change. To evaluate the importance of this residue, point mutations were generated (D159A, D159G, D159K, and D159W), kinetic parameters of OXA-933, OXA-48 D159G, and OXA-48 D159K were determined and compared to those of OXA-48 and OXA-244. The
bla
OXA-933
gene was borne on Tn
2208
, a 2,696-bp composite transposon made of two IS
1
elements surrounded by 9 bp target site duplications and inserted into a non-self-transmissible plasmid pOXA-933 of 7,872 bp in size. Minimal inhibitory concentration values of
E. coli
expressing the
bla
OXA-933
gene or of its point mutant derivatives were lower for carbapenems (except for D159G) as compared to those expressing the
bla
OXA-48
gene. Steady-state kinetic parameters revealed lower catalytic efficiencies for expanded spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems. A detailed structural analysis confirmed the crucial role of D159 in shaping the active site of OXA-48 enzymes by interacting with R214. Our work further illustrates the remarkable propensity of OXA-48-like carbapenemases to evolve through mutations at positions outside the β5-β6 loop, but interacting with key residues of it.
Teichmüller’s Modulsatz and the Variation of the Dirichlet Integral
Authors: Dubinin V. N.
Published: March 2024

We show that
changing the level curve of a harmonic function
with the classical Hadamard variation with a small parameter
entails a change in the Dirichlet integral of the function
which is quadratic in the parameter.
As a corollary,
we supplement the well-known theorem of Teichmüller
about the sum of moduli of doubly connected domains
into which an annulus is subdivided
by a continuum that differs little from a concentric circle.
Adsorption and formation energies of nucleobase–Fullerene: A first-principles simulation
Authors: Sari Nur Anggita , Apriati Yosephine Novita , Nugraheni Ari Dwi , Sholihun
Published: March 2024

A computational study was conducted using the density functional theory (DFT) method to determine the energy stability of a system composed of deoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid (DNA/RNA) nucleobase molecules on Fullerene C[Formula: see text] as a potential gene delivery system. The feasibility of the system for gene delivery and nanomedicine applications was assessed by examining the strong geometric bonds formed between Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, and Uracil nucleobases and C[Formula: see text]Si molecules in close proximity to Fullerene. The bonding affinities of each nucleobase with Fullerene were observed to follow the order Uracil > Guanine > Cytosine > Thymine > Adenine. Furthermore, calculations of adsorption and formation energies were performed to determine the most stable configuration within the Fullerene structure. Guanine demonstrated the highest stability, indicating its potential as an efficient carrier for the delivery of guanine-based genetic material into cells. Additionally, the Fullerene surface exhibited a high propensity for Cytosine adherence, as evidenced by the lowest adsorption energy observed for the interaction between Cytosine and Fullerene. The potential application of Si-doped Fullerene C60 as a gene delivery system was highlighted, based on the strong interactions observed with DNA/RNA nucleobase molecules. These valuable insights will contribute to the development of efficient gene delivery strategies and offer promising prospects for advancing gene therapy and nanomedicine.
Surgery for Hydrosalpinx—History, Classification, Incidence, Results, and Recommendation for Management
Authors: Petrucco Oswald Marino
Published: March 2024

Terminal tubal obstruction with formation hydrosalpinx results in cellular deciliation, hormone receptor depletion and intraluminal scarring. Fluid secretion, blood flow, and muscular contractility are similarly progressively affected to varying degrees. Intraluminal epithelial damage is best assessed by salpingoscopy or microsalpingoscopy and extratubal pathology by laparoscopy. Hydrosalpinges with severe intratubal pathology require excision and IVF management for fertility. Restorative salpingostomy can be considered at a single endoscopic procedure when salpingoscopy severity scale indicates mild or no significant change. The role of reproductive surgery should be considered complementary to IVF allowing infertile couples the possibility of recurring natural conception.