bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Nivolumab in the Modulation of PD-1 and PD-L1 Expression in Papillary and Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma (RCC)
Authors: Bialek Joanna , Yankulov Stefan , Kawan Felix , Fornara Paolo , Theil Gerit
Published: December 2022

The expression and cellular mechanisms of programmed cell death-1 protein (PD-1) and its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) in renal cancer cells are not well known. Here, we aimed to investigate the response of renal carcinoma subtypes to the immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab and its impact on related signaling pathways. All cell lines analyzed (clear cell (cc)RCC (Caki-1, RCC31) and papillary (p)RCC (ACHN, RCC30)) expressed PD-1 and both ccRCC cell lines, and RCC30 expressed PD-L1. Nivolumab treatment at increasing doses led to increased PD-1 levels in analyzed cells and resulted in aggressive behavior of pRCC but diminished this behavior in ccRCC. The analysis of PD-1/PD-L1-associated signaling pathways demonstrated increased AKT activity in Caki-1 and RCC30 cells but decreased activity in ACHN and RCC31 cells, while ribosomal protein S6 remained largely unchanged. Androgen receptors are related to RCC and were predominantly increased in RCC30 cells, which were the only cells that formed nivolumab-dependent spheroids. Finally, all cell lines exhibited a complex response to nivolumab treatment. Since the pRCC cells responded with increased tumorigenicity and PD-1/PD-L1 levels while ccRCC tumorigenicity was diminished, further studies are needed to improve nivolumab-based therapy for renal carcinoma subtypes, especially the identification of response-involved molecular pathways.
Somatic NGS Analysis of DNA Damage Response (DDR) Genes ATM, MRE11A, RAD50, NBN, and ATR in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemo-Radiotherapy
Authors: Montori Andrea , Germani Aldo , Ferri Mario , Milano Annalisa , Ranalli Teresa Valentina , Piane Maria , Pilozzi Emanuela
Published: December 2022

Background: Neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy (nCRT) represents the standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC); however, there exists no biomarker that can predict the cancer’s response to treatment as less than 20% of patients experience pathological complete response (pCR). Ionizing radiations induce double strand breaks (DSBs) and trigger a DNA damage response (DDR) involving ATM, ATR, and the MRN complex (MRE11, Rad50, and NBS1). In this study, we performed an extensive mutational analysis of the genes involved in the DDR pathway in LARC patients who have undergone nCRT. Methods: 13 LARC patients with pCR and 11 LARC patients with partial response (pPR) were investigated using a NGS dedicated panel, designed for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, containing ATR, ATM, and MRE11-RAD50-NBN genes. The identified variants were classified according to guidelines’ recommendations. Results: Eight non-benign variants, six of which were observed in 3 (23%) out of 13 pCR patients, were identified. In particular, a pCR patient carried out a pathogenetic frameshift mutation in exon 21 of the RAD50 gene. The two remaining non-benign missense variants were found in 2 (18%) out of 11 patients in the pPR group. Conclusions: Our data show that the genes involved in the Homologous Recombination (HR) pathway are rarely mutated in LARC; however, given the identification of a missense mutation in RAD 50 in one case of pCR, it could be worth exploring its potential role as a biomarker in larger series.
An Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on Carboxylated Graphene/SPCE for IgG-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Determination
Authors: de Souza Freire Luciana , Ruzo Camila Macena , Salgado Bárbara Batista , Gandarilla Ariamna María Dip , Romaguera-Barcelay Yonny , Tavares Ana P. M. , Sales Maria Goreti Ferreira , Cordeiro Isabelle , Lalwani Jaila Dias Borges , Matos Robert , Fonseca Filho Henrique , Astolfi-Filho Spartaco , Ţălu Ştefan , Lalwani Pritesh , Brito Walter Ricardo
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the importance and urgent need for rapid and accurate diagnostic tests for detecting and screening this infection. Our proposal was to develop a biosensor based on an ELISA immunoassay for monitoring antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in human serum samples. The nucleocapsid protein (N protein) from SARS-CoV-2 was employed as a specific receptor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G. N protein was immobilized on the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with carboxylated graphene (CG). The percentage of IgG-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid present was quantified using a secondary antibody labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (anti-IgG-HRP) catalyzed using 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) mediator by chronoamperometry. A linear response was obtained in the range of 1:1000–1:200 v/v in phosphate buffer solution (PBS), and the detection limit calculated was 1:4947 v/v. The chronoamperometric method showed electrical signals directly proportional to antibody concentrations due to antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) specific and stable binding reaction.
Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors for Monitoring Animal Cell Function and Viability
Authors: Koo Kyeong-Mo , Kim Chang-Dae , Ju Fu Nan , Kim Huijung , Kim Cheol-Hwi , Kim Tae-Hyung
Published: December 2022

Redox reactions in live cells are generated by involving various redox biomolecules for maintaining cell viability and functions. These qualities have been exploited in the development of clinical monitoring, diagnostic approaches, and numerous types of biosensors. Particularly, electrochemical biosensor-based live-cell detection technologies, such as electric cell–substrate impedance (ECIS), field-effect transistors (FETs), and potentiometric-based biosensors, are used for the electrochemical-based sensing of extracellular changes, genetic alterations, and redox reactions. In addition to the electrochemical biosensors for live-cell detection, cancer and stem cells may be immobilized on an electrode surface and evaluated electrochemically. Various nanomaterials and cell-friendly ligands are used to enhance the sensitivity of electrochemical biosensors. Here, we discuss recent advances in the use of electrochemical sensors for determining cell viability and function, which are essential for the practical application of these sensors as tools for pharmaceutical analysis and toxicity testing. We believe that this review will motivate researchers to enhance their efforts devoted to accelerating the development of electrochemical biosensors for future applications in the pharmaceutical industry and stem cell therapeutics.
A Microfluidic Platform with an Embedded Miniaturized Electrochemical Sensor for On-Chip Plasma Extraction Followed by In Situ High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) Detection
Authors: Lai Zhi-Xuan , Wu Chia-Chien , Huang Nien-Tsu
Published: December 2022

Blood testing is a clinical diagnostic tool to evaluate physiological conditions, the immune system response, or the presence of infection from whole blood samples. Although conventional blood testing can provide rich biological information, it usually requires complicated and tedious whole blood processing steps operated by benchtop instruments and well-experienced technicians, limiting its usage in point-of-care (POC) settings. To address the above problems, we propose a microfluidic platform for on-chip plasma extraction directly from whole blood and in situ biomarker detection. Herein, we chose C-reactive protein (CRP) as the target biomarker, which can be used to predict fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) events such as heart attacks and strokes. To achieve a rapid, undiluted, and high-purity on-chip plasma extraction, we combined two whole blood processing methods: (1) anti-D immunoglobulin-assisted sedimentation, and (2) membrane filtration. To perform in situ CRP detection, we fabricated a three-dimensional (3D) microchannel with an embedded electrochemical (EC) sensor, which has a modular design to attach the blood collector and buffer reservoir with standard Luer connectors. As a proof of concept, we first confirmed that the dual plasma extraction design achieved the same purity level as the standard centrifugation method with smaller sample (100 µL of plasma extracted from 400 µL of whole blood) and time (7 min) requirements. Next, we validated the functionalization protocol of the EC sensor, followed by evaluating the detection of CRP spiked in plasma and whole blood. Our microfluidic platform performed on-chip plasma extraction directly from whole blood and in situ CRP detection at a 0.1–10 μg/mL concentration range, covering the CVD risk evaluation level of the high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) test. Based on the above features, we believe that this platform constitutes a flexible way to integrate the processing of complex samples with accurate biomarker detection in a sample-to-answer POC platform, which can be applied in CVD risk monitoring under critical clinical situations.
Ultrasensitive Determination of Glial-Fibrillary-Acidic-Protein (GFAP) in Human Serum-Matrix with a Label-Free Impedimetric Immunosensor
Authors: Ozcelikay Goksu , Mollarasouli Fariba , Unal Mehmet Altay , Gucuyener Kıvılcım , Ozkan Sibel A.
Published: December 2022

In this work, immobilizing anti-GFAP antibodies via covalent attachment onto L-cysteine/gold nanoparticles that were modified with screen-printed carbon electrodes (Anti-GFAP/L-cys/AuNps/SPCE) resulted in the development of a sensitive label-free impedance immunosensor for the detection of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP). The immunosensor’s stepwise construction was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). L-cysteine was chosen as the linker between GFAP antibodies and Au NPs/SPCE because it enables the guided and stable immobilization of GFAP antibodies, thus resulting in increased immunosensor sensitivity. As a redox probe, 5 mM of [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− was used to measure the electron–transfer resistance (Ret), which was raised by the binding of antigens to the immobilized anti-GFAP on the surface of the modified electrode. A linear correlation between Rct and GFAP concentration was achieved under optimum conditions in the range of 1.0–1000.0 pg/mL, with an extraordinarily low detection limit of 51.0 fg/mL. The suggested immunosensor was successfully used to detect the presence of GFAP in human blood serum samples, yielding good findings. As a result, the proposed platform may be utilized to monitor central nervous system injuries.
Effect of Hidden Column Type on Seismic Performance of the Insulated Sandwich Wall Panel Joints with Ceramsite Concrete Layer
Authors: Li Lianghui , Ma Shaochun , Bao Peng , Wang Hao
Published: December 2022

Ceramsite concrete, with its advantages such as excellent long-term durability and thermal insulation properties, is suitable to be utilized as precast sandwich wall panels. While the lack of assessment of the seismic performance of such wall panel joints has been studied. Therefore, an experimental program was carried out to investigate and improve the seismic performance of the new type of wall panel joints. The seismic performances of the specimens were experimentally evaluated, including failure mode, loading and deformation capacity, ductility, the strain of vertically distributed steels, stiffness, and energy dissipation. The insulated sandwich wall panel joints have good seismic performance shown by the quasi-static test. The ductility coefficient of all specimens was greater than 3. The structure of the control group specimen presented a better match in stiffness, bearing capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation. The sleeve connection confirmed that the integrity of the joint, and the L-shaped hidden column could improve the ductility coefficient and equivalent viscous damping coefficient by about 4.2%. The results can promote the research of such wallboard system. This design approach of sandwich wall panel joints with lightweight concrete is broadly applicable to the exploration of more types of energy-saving wallboard systems.
Improved Bald Eagle Search Optimization with Synergic Deep Learning-Based Classification on Breast Cancer Imaging
Authors: Hamza Manar Ahmed , Mengash Hanan Abdullah , Nour Mohamed K , Alasmari Naif , Aziz Amira Sayed A. , Mohammed Gouse Pasha , Zamani Abu Sarwar , Abdelmageed Amgad Atta
Published: December 2022

Medical imaging has attracted growing interest in the field of healthcare regarding breast cancer (BC). Globally, BC is a major cause of mortality amongst women. Now, the examination of histopathology images is the medical gold standard for cancer diagnoses. However, the manual process of microscopic inspections is a laborious task, and the results might be misleading as a result of human error occurring. Thus, the computer-aided diagnoses (CAD) system can be utilized for accurately detecting cancer within essential time constraints, as earlier diagnosis is the key to curing cancer. The classification and diagnosis of BC utilizing the deep learning algorithm has gained considerable attention. This article presents a model of an improved bald eagle search optimization with a synergic deep learning mechanism for breast cancer diagnoses using histopathological images (IBESSDL-BCHI). The proposed IBESSDL-BCHI model concentrates on the identification and classification of BC using HIs. To do so, the presented IBESSDL-BCHI model follows an image preprocessing method using a median filtering (MF) technique as a preprocessing step. In addition, feature extraction using a synergic deep learning (SDL) model is carried out, and the hyperparameters related to the SDL mechanism are tuned by the use of the IBES model. Lastly, long short-term memory (LSTM) was utilized to precisely categorize the HIs into two major classes, such as benign and malignant. The performance validation of the IBESSDL-BCHI system was tested utilizing the benchmark dataset, and the results demonstrate that the IBESSDL-BCHI model has shown better general efficiency for BC classification.
Secondary Primary Cancer after Primary Gastric Cancer: Literature Review and Big Data Analysis Using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) Database of Republic of Korea
Authors: Song Jeong Ho , Lee Yeonkyoung , Heo Jaesung , Son Sang-Yong , Hur Hoon , Han Sang-Uk
Published: December 2022

Advances in cancer screening and early detection, as well as improvements in surgical techniques and therapeutics, have contributed to decreasing gastric cancer mortality. The number of gastric cancer survivors continues to rise; however, long-term follow-up has revealed an increase in the risk of post-gastrectomy symptoms or other health problems, such as extra-gastric secondary primary cancer (SPC), in these survivors. Therefore, evidence-based screening for new primary cancer is needed in these populations; however, the incidence of SPC varies by country or continent and its characteristics have not been clearly reported. The characteristics of SPC are of increasing interest to both treatment providers and gastric cancer survivors; thus, this literature review explores not only the epidemiology and biology of SPC but also clinical and biological factors that influence its prognosis.
Age, Education Years, and Biochemical Factors Are Associated with Selective Neuronal Changes in the Elderly Hippocampus
Authors: Castro Carla Cristina Miranda , Silva Sayonara Pereira , Rabelo Lívia Nascimento , Queiroz José Pablo Gonçalves , Campos Laura Damasceno , Silva Larissa Camila , Fiuza Felipe Porto
Published: December 2022

Brain aging involves regional alterations of specific cellular subpopulations in the human hippocampus: a network hub for memory consolidation. The present study investigates whether age, sex, education years, and the concentration of neuropathological and inflammatory proteins influence neuronal-type marker expression in the elderly hippocampus. We analyzed the digital images (1 µm/pixel) of postmortem hippocampal sections from 19 non-demented individuals (from 78 to 99 years). This material was obtained from the “Aging Dementia and TBI Study” open database. Brain samples were processed through in situ hybridization (ISH) for the immunodetection of VGLUT1 (glutamatergic transporter) and GAT1 (GABAergic transporter) and mRNAs and Luminex protein quantifications. After image acquisition, we delineated the dentate gyrus, CA 3/2, and CA1 hippocampal subdivisions. Then, we estimated the area fraction in which the ISH markers were expressed. Increased VGLUT1 was observed in multiple hippocampal subfields at late ages. This glutamatergic marker is positively correlated with beta-amyloid and tau proteins and negatively correlated with interleukin-7 levels. Additionally, education years are positively correlated with GAT1 in the hippocampus of elderly women. This GABAergic marker expression is associated with interferon-gamma and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. These associations can help to explain how hippocampal sub-regions and neurotransmitter systems undergo distinct physiological changes during normal aging.
Chondrocyte Hypertrophy in Osteoarthritis: Mechanistic Studies and Models for the Identification of New Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Chawla Shikha , Mainardi Andrea , Majumder Nilotpal , Dönges Laura , Kumar Bhupendra , Occhetta Paola , Martin Ivan , Egloff Christian , Ghosh Sourabh , Bandyopadhyay Amitabha , Barbero Andrea
Published: December 2022

Articular cartilage shows limited self-healing ability owing to its low cellularity and avascularity. Untreated cartilage defects display an increased propensity to degenerate, leading to osteoarthritis (OA). During OA progression, articular chondrocytes are subjected to significant alterations in gene expression and phenotype, including a shift towards a hypertrophic-like state (with the expression of collagen type X, matrix metalloproteinases-13, and alkaline phosphatase) analogous to what eventuates during endochondral ossification. Present OA management strategies focus, however, exclusively on cartilage inflammation and degradation. A better understanding of the hypertrophic chondrocyte phenotype in OA might give new insights into its pathogenesis, suggesting potential disease-modifying therapeutic approaches. Recent developments in the field of cellular/molecular biology and tissue engineering proceeded in the direction of contrasting the onset of this hypertrophic phenotype, but knowledge gaps in the cause–effect of these processes are still present. In this review we will highlight the possible advantages and drawbacks of using this approach as a therapeutic strategy while focusing on the experimental models necessary for a better understanding of the phenomenon. Specifically, we will discuss in brief the cellular signaling pathways associated with the onset of a hypertrophic phenotype in chondrocytes during the progression of OA and will analyze in depth the advantages and disadvantages of various models that have been used to mimic it. Afterwards, we will present the strategies developed and proposed to impede chondrocyte hypertrophy and cartilage matrix mineralization/calcification. Finally, we will examine the future perspectives of OA therapeutic strategies.
Interferon Family Cytokines in Obesity and Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Huang Ling-Yu , Chiu Chiao-Juno , Hsing Chung-Hsi , Hsu Yu-Hsiang
Published: December 2022

Obesity and its associated complications are global public health concerns. Metabolic disturbances and immune dysregulation cause adipose tissue stress and dysfunction in obese individuals. Immune cell accumulation in the adipose microenvironment is the main cause of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. Infiltrated immune cells, adipocytes, and stromal cells are all involved in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in adipose tissues and affect systemic homeostasis. Interferons (IFNs) are a large family of pleiotropic cytokines that play a pivotal role in host antiviral defenses. IFNs are critical immune modulators in response to pathogens, dead cells, and several inflammation-mediated diseases. Several studies have indicated that IFNs are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. In this review, we discuss the roles of IFN family cytokines in the development of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance.
Psychological Vulnerability Indices and the Adolescent’s Good Mental Health Factors: A Correlational Study in a Sample of Portuguese Adolescents
Authors: Nobre Joana , Luis Henrique , Oliveira Ana Paula , Monteiro Francisco , Cordeiro Raul , Sequeira Carlos , Ferré-Grau Carme
Published: December 2022

Background: Psychological vulnerability (PV) indicates the individual’s inability to adapt to stressful situations. Adolescents experience negative impacts on their future mental health if they do not acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to have good mental health during their developmental stage. Aim: To compare the PV index among the three stages of adolescence and to explore the factors involved in good mental health, including the relationship between adolescents’ PV indices and sociodemographic variables, and the relationship between adolescents’ PV index and their knowledge of the factors that characterize good mental health. Method: An exploratory, cross-sectional, correlational study was carried out in three public schools in a region of Portugal, using online self-completed questionnaires: the Psychological Vulnerability Scale (PVS) and the Mental Health-Promoting Knowledge (MHPK-10). Results: Our convenience sample consisted of 260 adolescents, with a mean age of 14.07 years who were students between 5th and 12th grades, mostly female. Moderate PV indexes were obtained that were higher in late adolescence, i.e., in older adolescents, who were females in a more advanced school year, with worse self-perceptions of their physical and mental health and body image, and who frequently used a health service due to mental health problems. The association between the PV index and the level of knowledge about the factors involved in good mental health did not reach a statistical significance (p = 0.06). Conclusions: These results suggest a need for a design of personalized interventions that promote adolescents’ mental health literacy, that prevent PV, and that should be initiated in early adolescence.
Marine Heatwaves, Upwelling, and Atmospheric Conditions during the Monsoon Period at the Northern Coast of the Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Koné Mamadou , Djakouré Sandrine , Adon Marcellin , Ta Samuel , Kouadio Yves
Published: December 2022

Ocean conditions influence the economies and climate of West Africa. Based on the 30-year daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (OISST) dataset during May–October, upwelling surface variability and marine heatwaves (MHWs) at the northern coast of the Gulf of Guinea are investigated. The cooling surface decreases more rapidly around Cape Palmas than around Cape Three Points and extends eastward. MHWs variability exhibits a frequent occurrence of such events since 2015 that is consistent with the observed oceanic warming and the decrease in upwelling surface. The empirical orthogonal functions performed on the annual cumulated intensity of MHWs show four variability modes that include the whole northern coast, an east–west dipole between the two capes, a contrast between the northern coast at the two capes and the meridional section east of 5° E, and a north–south opposition. These patterns show 3-year, 6-year, and 8-year trends, and are related to coastal upwelling at the northern coast of the Gulf of Guinea. Similarly, surface ocean and atmospheric conditions are modified according to MHW periods. These changes take place before, during, and after MHW events. These results could be used to understand how this change influences the marine ecosystem, the local fisheries resources, and the extreme rainfall episodes in West Africa.
Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Fe-Based-Al2O3-B4C Composite Coatings Prepared by High-Velocity Arc Spraying
Authors: Li Hao , Huang Fang , Lin Jinran , Kang Min , Ndumia Joseph , Liu Jitao
Published: December 2022

Fe-based-Al2O3-B4C coating was prepared on the low-carbon steel substrates using high-velocity arc spraying. The effects of voltage, current, and distance on the porosity and microhardness of the coating were studied by an orthogonal test, and the optimum spraying parameters were determined. The microstructure and properties of Fe-based-Al2O3-B4C coatings prepared under optimum process parameters were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), microhardness and friction wear tester. The results showed that the optimum process parameters were a spraying voltage of 41 V, a spraying current of 200 A, and a spraying distance of 150 mm. The porosity was 2.24 ± 0.32%, and the microhardness was 1543 ± 145 Hv0.1, which was 8 times that of the substrate. Under the same load of 4.2 N and varying sliding speeds of 500 t/min, 750 t/min, and 1000 t/min, the coefficient of friction of the coating was less than that of the low-carbon steel, and the wear rate of the coating was 65%, 70%, and 63% lower than that of the low-carbon steel, respectively. The main wear mechanism of the coating was material spalling, accompanied by slight oxidative wear and abrasive wear.
Interfacial Dynamics of Adsorption Layers as Supports for Biomedical Research and Diagnostics
Authors: Santini Eva , Nepita Irene , Bykov Alexey G. , Ravera Francesca , Liggieri Libero , Dowlati Saeid , Javadi Aliyar , Miller Reinhard , Loglio Giuseppe
Published: December 2022

The input of chemical and physical sciences to life sciences is increasingly important. Surface science as a complex multidisciplinary research area provides many relevant practical tools to support research in medicine. The tensiometry and surface rheology of human biological liquids as diagnostic tools have been very successfully applied. Additionally, for the characterization of pulmonary surfactants, this methodology is essential to deepen the insights into the functionality of the lungs and for the most efficient administration of certain drugs. Problems in ophthalmology can be addressed using surface science methods, such as the stability of the wetting films and the development of artificial tears. The serious problem of obesity is fast-developing in many industrial countries and must be better understood, while therapies for its treatment must also be developed. Finally, the application of fullerenes as a suitable system for detecting cancer in humans is discussed.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Optical Properties of a Trinuclear Zinc(II) Complex with Rhodamine B
Authors: Răducă Mihai , Ionescu Sorana , Mădălan Augustin M.
Published: December 2022

A heteroleptic homotrinuclear complex, [Zn3(valhydr)2(RhB)2(EtOH)2](ClO4)2 (H2valhydr = 1,2-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine, RhB = rhodamine B), was synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction on single crystal. In the centrosymmetric complex, the zinc ions are positioned in a linear manner. The external zinc ions are pentacoordinated with a distorted square pyramidal stereochemistry, while the central zinc ion presents an elongated octahedral geometry. Luminescent properties of the complex were investigated in solid state and solution.
Development of Tb1.5Gd1.5Al5O12:Ce Single-Crystalline Film Converters for WLED Using a Liquid Phase Epitaxy Growth Method
Authors: Markovskyi Anton , Gorbenko Vitaliy , Zorenko Tetiana , Bartosiewicz Karol , Fedorov Alexander , Zorenko Yuriy
Published: December 2022

The investigation of the structural, luminescent and photoconversion properties (color coordinates, correlated color temperature, color rendering index and luminous efficacy) of the single-crystalline films of Ce3+-doped Tb1.5Gd1.5Al5O12:Ce mixed garnet with variable film thickness was performed in this work. These film converters were grown on undoped Y3Al5O12 substrates using the liquid phase epitaxy technique. When combined directly with blue LEDs that were commercially available in the market, the developed garnet film converters were responsible for producing white light. The trend line on the color coordinate diagram was obtained for the first time for the Tb1.5Gd1.5Al5O12:Ce converters with the systematic variation in film thickness in the range of 45–82 µm. Under 464 nm blue LED excitation, the investigated converters with a thickness of 55 µm resulted in an ideal white color.
Study of the Applicability of Magnetic Iron-Containing Nanoparticles in Hyperthermia and Determination of Their Resistance to Degradation Processes
Authors: Nazarova Assel , Kozlovskiy Artem L. , Rusakov Vyacheslav S. , Egizbek Kamila B. , Fadeev Maxim S. , Prmantayeva Bekzat A. , Chudoba Dorota , Zdorovets Maxim V. , Kadyrzhanov Kayrat K.
Published: December 2022

The article presents the results of evaluating the applicability of various types of iron-containing nanoparticles in magnetic hyperthermia, as well as determining the degradation resistance of nanoparticles. The objects of study were iron-containing nanoparticles obtained by chemical precipitation and subsequent modification with gold, gadolinium, and neodymium. The main methods for studying the properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were transmission electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Evaluation of the efficiency of the use of the synthesized nanoparticles in magnetic hyperthermia showed that Fe3O4@GdFeO3 nanoparticles, for which the specific absorption rate was more than 120 W/g, have the highest efficiency. An assessment of the resistance of the synthesized nanoparticles to corrosion in water at different temperatures showed that Fe2O3@NdFeO3 and Fe3O4@GdFeO3 nanoparticles have the highest resistance to degradation. It has been established that in the case of the initial Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the degradation processes are accompanied by partial destruction of the particles, followed by amorphization and destruction, while for Fe2O3@NdFeO3 and Fe3O4@GdFeO3 nanoparticles, the degradation processes proceed much more slowly, due to the presence of interfacial boundaries, which slow down the corrosion processes. The obtained results of corrosion tests in aqueous media make it possible to predict the area and time frame of applicability of iron-containing nanoparticles when using them in the biomedical direction, as well as to determine storage conditions.
Recoverable Broadband Absorption Based on Ultra-Flexible Meta-Surfaces
Authors: Tan Pham , Ha Duong , Tung Bui , Khuyen Bui , Chi Do , Lam Vu , Chen Liangyao , Zheng Haiyu , Lee Youngpak
Published: December 2022

In this work, we demonstrated a tunable metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) with broadband absorption by tuning the different states of flexible sandwiched structures (graphene conductive ink/rubber/metallic layers). The broadband absorption spectrum was tuned mechanically by changing the concave-up/down states of flexible hemispherical unit-cells. When the unit-cell was concave-up, our proposed MPAs played as a broadband absorber with a fractal bandwidth (FBW) of 107% (since an absorption over 90% ranges from 5.28 to 17.6 GHz) at the normal incidence; at the same time, this broadband absorption feature could remain well at large incident angles up to 40 deg. and regardless of polarization of the incoming electromagnetic waves. In the case of the concave-down state, a narrow FBW of only 6.8% was noticed. These results could promote great application potential, such as regarding advanced stealth devices, advances in the biomedical and the communication fields, and more.
Herbivore Influence on Post-Fire California Sage Scrub Plant and Soil Microbial Assemblages
Authors: Meyer Wallace M. , Halligan Caitlin , Thomey Lilleana , Madunich-Arévalo Kyra , Parry Celia , Scaff Riley , Macy Rowan , Jones Ivy , Halligan Erin , Jaramillo Ana , Phan Amy N. T. , Thierry Sindimwo , Crane Edward J. , Cavalcanti André R. O.
Published: December 2022

California sage scrub (CSS) is an endangered, shrub-dominated, southern California ecosystem type threatened by increasing fire frequencies and conversion to non-native grasslands. As CSS harbors a rich endemic flora and fauna and is critical for maintaining key ecosystem services; significant attention has been focused on understanding how many key factors (N-deposition, drought, and competition with non-natives) influence post-fire CSS recovery. Unfortunately, few studies have examined the role of herbivores. For five years, we investigated the influence of herbivores on post-fire CSS succession by annually surveying plant assemblages in control (herbivores allowed access) and experimental (herbivore excluded) plots at the Bernard Field Station following a fire in May 2017. We found that herbivores reduce the cover of both invasive grasses and native shrubs, and negatively impact Artemisia californica survivorship. Consequently, post-fire plant restoration efforts should not discount the effects of herbivores. While native forb cover was elevated in plots that permitted herbivores, plots near the fire edge experienced increased herbivory pressure and lower cover of most plants. Despite modifications in plant assemblages, we did not observe differences in soil microbe abundances, fungi assemblage structure, or nutrient concentrations. We suggest that restoration practitioners consider caging ‘shrub regeneration’ areas to facilitate post-fire CSS recovery.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Activity of Hydroxymethylnitrofurazone Nanocrystals against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp.
Authors: Scarim Cauê , de Souza Aline , Marins Débora , Santos Elda , de Figueiredo Diniz Castro Lívia , Caldas Ivo , Espuri Patrícia , Marques Marcos , Ferreira Elizabeth , Bou-Chacra Nadia , Chin Chung
Published: December 2022

Hydroxymethylnitrofurazone (NFOH) is a prodrug of nitrofurazone devoid of mutagenic toxicity, with in vitro and in vivo activity against Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) and in vitro activity against Leishmania. In this study, we aimed to increase the solubility of NFOH to improve its efficacy against T. cruzi (Chagas disease) and Leishmania species (Leishmaniasis) highly. Two formulations of NFOH nanocrystals (NFOH-F1 and NFOH-F2) were prepared and characterized by determining their particle sizes, size distribution, morphologies, crystal properties, and anti-trypanosomatid activities. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assays were performed. The results showed that the optimized particle size of 108.2 ± 0.8 nm (NFOH-F1) and 132.4 ± 2.3 nm (NFOH-F2) increased the saturation solubility and dissolution rate of the nanocrystals. These formulations exhibited moderate anti-Leishmania effects (Leishmania amazonensis) in vitro and potent in vitro activity against T. cruzi parasites (Y strain). Moreover, both formulations could reduce parasitemia (around 89–95% during the parasitemic peak) in a short animal model trial (Y strain from T. cruzi). These results suggested that the increased water solubility of the NFOH nanocrystals improved their activity against Chagas disease in both in vitro and in vivo assays.
Cystic Neutrophilic Granulomatous Mastitis Treatment with Consecutive Dapsone and Adalimumab
Authors: Kamat Samir , Schaffenburg William , Bongiorno Michelle
Published: December 2022

Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis is a rarely reported, benign, mastitis that is not associated with lactation. The pathophysiology is still unknown; however, there is often a relationship with Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii. Cystic neutrophilic mastitis can have deep seated tender nodules and cutaneous ulceration which can clinically resemble pyoderma gangrenous. It can be treatment refractory and can progress to a point where mastectomy is required. This case series reports two patients treated with adalimumab with remission of disease. One patient first received dapsone with remission of symptoms, but incompatible side effects resulted in discontinuation. Both dapsone and adalimumab appear to provide disease remission in patients with cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis.
Computational Evidence for Laboratory Diagnostic Pathways: Extracting Predictive Analytes for Myocardial Ischemia from Routine Hospital Data
Authors: Liniger Zara , Ellenberger Benjamin , Leichtle Alexander Benedikt
Published: December 2022

Background: Laboratory parameters are critical parts of many diagnostic pathways, mortality scores, patient follow-ups, and overall patient care, and should therefore have underlying standardized, evidence-based recommendations. Currently, laboratory parameters and their significance are treated differently depending on expert opinions, clinical environment, and varying hospital guidelines. In our study, we aimed to demonstrate the capability of a set of algorithms to identify predictive analytes for a specific diagnosis. As an illustration of our proposed methodology, we examined the analytes associated with myocardial ischemia; it was a well-researched diagnosis and provides a substrate for comparison. We intend to present a toolset that will boost the evolution of evidence-based laboratory diagnostics and, therefore, improve patient care. Methods: The data we used consisted of preexisting, anonymized recordings from the emergency ward involving all patient cases with a measured value for troponin T. We used multiple imputation technique, orthogonal data augmentation, and Bayesian Model Averaging to create predictive models for myocardial ischemia. Each model incorporated different analytes as cofactors. In examining these models further, we could then conclude the predictive importance of each analyte in question. Results: The used algorithms extracted troponin T as a highly predictive analyte for myocardial ischemia. As this is a known relationship, we saw the predictive importance of troponin T as a proof of concept, suggesting a functioning method. Additionally, we could demonstrate the algorithm’s capabilities to extract known risk factors of myocardial ischemia from the data. Conclusion: In this pilot study, we chose an assembly of algorithms to analyze the value of analytes in predicting myocardial ischemia. By providing reliable correlations between the analytes and the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia, we demonstrated the possibilities to create unbiased computational-based guidelines for laboratory diagnostics by using computational power in today’s era of digitalization.
Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminotomy for Foraminal Stenosis in Spondylolisthesis: Two-Year Follow-Up Results
Authors: Rhee Do Yeon , Ahn Yong
Published: December 2022

Full-endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (FELF) under local anesthesia has been developed as a minimally invasive alternative for lumbar foraminal stenosis. Some authors have described this technique for treating various lumbar spondylolisthesis. However, few studies have reported the outcomes of FELF for foraminal stenosis in patients with stable spondylolisthesis. This study aimed to demonstrate the specific technique and clinical outcomes of FELF for foraminal stenosis in patients with spondylolisthesis. Twenty-three consecutive patients with foraminal stenosis and stable spondylolisthesis were treated with FELF. Among them, 21 patients were followed up for 2 years. Full-endoscopic foraminal decompression via the transforaminal approach was performed by a senior surgeon. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the visual analog pain score (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and modified MacNab criteria. The VAS and ODI scores significantly improved at the two-year follow-up. The global effects were excellent in six patients (28.6%), good in 13 (61.9%), and fair in two (9.5%). Therefore, all patients showed clinical improvement, with a success (excellent/good) rate of 90.5%. No significant surgical complications or signs of further instability were observed. FELF can be used for foraminal stenosis in patients with stable spondylolisthesis. A specialized surgical technique is required for foraminal decompression of spondylolisthesis.
Classification of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Using Raman Spectroscopy of Blood and Automated Computational Detection Methods: A Novel Tool for Future Diagnostic Testing
Authors: Callery Emma L. , Morais Camilo L. M. , Nugent Lucy , Rowbottom Anthony W.
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to explore the proof of concept for using Raman spectroscopy as a diagnostic platform in the setting of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We sought to identify unique Raman signatures in serum blood samples to successfully segregate SLE patients from healthy controls (HC). In addition, a retrospective audit was undertaken to assess the clinical utility of current testing platforms used to detect anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies (n = 600). We examined 234 Raman spectra to investigate key variances between SLE patients (n = 8) and HC (n = 4). Multi-variant analysis and classification model construction was achieved using principal component analysis (PCA), PCA-linear discriminant analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). We achieved the successful segregation of Raman spectra from SLE patients and healthy controls (p-value < 0.0001). Classification models built using PLS-DA demonstrated outstanding performance characteristics with 99% accuracy, 100% sensitivity and 99% specificity. Twelve statistically significant (p-value < 0.001) wavenumbers were identified as potential diagnostic spectral markers. Molecular assignments related to proteins and DNA demonstrated significant Raman intensity changes between SLE and HC groups. These wavenumbers may serve as future biomarkers and offer further insight into the pathogenesis of SLE. Our audit confirmed previously reported inconsistencies between two key methodologies used to detect anti-dsDNA, highlighting the need for improved laboratory testing for SLE. Raman spectroscopy has demonstrated powerful performance characteristics in this proof-of-concept study, setting the foundations for future translation into the clinical setting.
Improving the Response of Health Systems to Female Genital Schistosomiasis in Endemic Countries through a Gender-Sensitive Human Rights-Based Framework
Authors: Vlassoff Carol , Arogundade Kazeem , Patel Kruti , Jacobson Julie , Gyapong Margaret , Krentel Alison
Published: December 2022

The right to health was enshrined in the constitution of the World Health Organization in 1946 and in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, which also guaranteed women’s fundamental freedoms and dignity. The Declaration of Human Rights was signed by almost every country in the world. Nonetheless, gender inequalities in health and health systems continue to persist, especially in lower and middle income countries that are disproportionately affected by a litany of neglected diseases. In this paper, we focus on one of the most neglected human rights, development, and reproductive health issues globally, female genital schistosomiasis (FGS), which imposes enormous unacknowledged suffering on an estimated 56 million women and girls in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite increasing calls for attention to FGS, no country has fully incorporated it into its health system. An appropriate response will require a comprehensive approach, guided by human rights mandates and the redress of FGS-related gender inequalities. In this paper, we propose the application of existing human rights and its clients, women, and girls affected by FGS as rights holders. Within the different components or building blocks of the health system, we propose elements of an appropriate health system response using the four components identified within the FGS Accelerated Scale Together (FAST) Package—awareness raising, prevention of infection, training of health personnel, and diagnosis and treatment. The framework is aspirational, its recommended elements and actions are not exhaustive, and countries will need to adapt it to their own situations and resource availability. However, it can be a useful guide to help health systems define how to begin to incorporate FGS into their programming in a way that responds to their human rights obligations in a gender- and culturally sensitive manner.
Computer Vision Based Path Following for Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Systems in Unburied Pipeline Onshore Inspection
Authors: da Silva Yago , Andrade Fabio , Sousa Lucas , de Castro Gabriel , Dias João , Berger Guido , Lima José , Pinto Milena
Published: December 2022

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are becoming more attractive in diverse applications due to their efficiency in performing tasks with a reduced time execution, covering a larger area, and lowering human risks at harmful tasks. In the context of Oil & Gas (O&G), the scenario is even more attractive for the application of UAS for inspection activities due to the large extension of these facilities and the operational risks involved in the processes. Many authors proposed solutions to detect gas leaks regarding the onshore unburied pipeline structures. However, only a few addressed the navigation and tracking problem for the autonomous navigation of UAS over these structures. Most proposed solutions rely on traditional computer vision strategies for tracking. As a drawback, depending on lighting conditions, the obtained path line may be inaccurate, making a strategy to force the UAS to continue on the path necessary. Therefore, this research describes the potential of an autonomous UAS based on image processing technique and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) strategy to navigate appropriately in complex unburied pipeline networks contributing to the monitoring procedure of the Oil & Gas Industry structures. A CNN is used to detect the pipe, while image processing techniques such as Canny edge detection and Hough Transform are used to detect the pipe line reference, which is used by a line following algorithm to guide the UAS along the pipe. The framework is assessed by a PX4 flight controller Software-in-The-Loop (SITL) simulations performed with the Robot Operating System (ROS) along with the Gazebo platform to simulate the proposed operational environment and verify the approach’s functionality as a proof of concept. Real tests were also conducted. The results showed that the solution is robust and feasible to deploy in this proposed task, achieving 72% of mean average precision on detecting different types of pipes and 0.0111 m of mean squared error on the path following with a drone 2 m away from a tube.
Manfred Deistler and the General-Dynamic-Factor-Model Approach to the Statistical Analysis of High-Dimensional Time Series
Authors: Hallin Marc
Published: December 2022

For more than half a century, Manfred Deistler has been contributing to the construction of the rigorous theoretical foundations of the statistical analysis of time series and more general stochastic processes. Half a century of unremitting activity is not easily summarized in a few pages. In this short note, we chose to concentrate on a relatively little-known aspect of Manfred’s contribution that nevertheless had quite an impact on the development of one of the most powerful tools of contemporary time series and econometrics: dynamic factor models.