bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Na granicy człowieczeństwa. Michaela Sandela krytyka etyki udoskonalania
Authors: Merji Fatma , Urbańczyk Michał
Published: December 2024

Celem artykułu jest analiza poglądów Sandela na temat wyzwań bioetycznych, jakie mogą pojawić się w związku rewolucją biotechnologiczną i postępami inżynierii genetycznej w kontekście tzw. etyki udoskonalania, a także próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jaki sposób należy formułować wątpliwości bioetyczne wobec nieograniczonych manipulacji genetycznych, które są możliwe wskutek rewolucji biotechnologicznej. Autorzy charakteryzują Sandelowską wizję etyki udoskonalania, przedstawiają wynikające z niej wyzwania dla wolności, godności i człowieczeństwa, jak również wskazują, w jaki sposób Sandel opisuje argumenty we współczesnej debacie bioetycznej, podkreślając ich niewystarczający charakter. Do głównych wyzwań, jakie mogą pojawić się w związku z niewłaściwym wykorzystaniem odkryć biotechnologii, zaliczają: projektowanie genetyczne dzieci, udoskonalanie sportowców czy zwiększanie nierówności społecznych wynikających ze statusu genetycznego jednostki. W konkluzjach wskazują na argument „etyki wdzięczności za życie jako dar”, który według Sandela w lepszy sposób wyraża wątpliwości bioetyczne i chroni takie wartości, jak wolność, autonomia i godność człowieka.
Sprawozdanie z XVII międzynarodowego kongresu średniowiecznego prawa kanonicznego w Canterbury
Authors: Alexandrowicz Piotr
Published: December 2024

Sprawozdanie.
Podstawy prawne organizacji kształcenia kobiet w liceach żeńskich w Austrii – wybrane przykłady działalności placówek galicyjskich
Authors: Wasik Izabela
Published: December 2024

Artykuł przedstawia prawne aspekty organizacji liceów żeńskich w Austrii oraz wybrane przykłady praktyki placówek galicyjskich. Jego głównym celem jest wskazanie na przyjęte wówczas rozwiązania dotyczące statusu, kadry nauczycielskiej, nauczanych przedmiotów i przeprowadzanych egzaminów. Placówki tego typu w Galicji powstawały na początku XX wieku i miały w większym stopniu zapewnić wykształcenie dziewczętom niż funkcjonujące szkoły niższego szczebla. W badaniach wykorzystano metody historyczno-prawną i dogmatyczną. Dzięki tej pierwszej możliwe było ukazanie poszczególnych instytucji i rozwiązań prawnych w szerszym kontekście, dzięki drugiej – analiza materiału normatywnego. Przyjęte rozwiązania, mimo pozytywnego oddźwięku, nie mogą być wysoko ocenione, chociażby z uwagi na brak nauczania języków klasycznych. Bazę źródłową artykułu stanowią rozporządzenia ministra wyznań i oświaty, okólniki c.k. Rady Szkolnej Krajowej, publikowane w formie książkowej sprawozdania roczne poszczególnych placówek oraz relacje prasowe.
"Jest z Wami Oblubieniec". Soteriologiczna perspektywa Listu do rodzin
Authors: Olczyk Maciej
Published: December 2024

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie soteriologicznej perspektywy Listu do rodzin autorstwa Jana Pawła II. Stosując metodę krytycznej analizy źródła oraz analizę komparatywną tekstów, istotnych dla podjętego zagadnienia, autor starał się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, jak papieski dokument ujmuje wpływ tajemnicy Chrystusowego odkupienia na małżeństwo i rodzinę. Przeprowadzona refleksja pozwoliła na sformułowanie następujących wniosków. Jan Paweł II przypomniał rodzinom, że Chrystus, jedyny Odkupiciel człowieka, usuwa lęk i umacnia ludzką miłość, włączając ją w obieg nadprzyrodzonej miłości Bożej. W ten sposób „zbawiona miłość” pomaga prawidłowo postrzegać prawdę o człowieku jako mężczyźnie i kobiecie, o ich wzajemnym oddaniu się w osobowym darze, o macierzyństwie i ojcostwie jako służbie życiu oraz wychowaniu, o rodzicielstwie, przez które w świecie nieustannie rozlewa się życiodajność samego Boga. Chrystus, pozostając na wieki w oblubieńczym związku z Kościołem, objawia światu pełną prawdę o miłości mężczyzny i kobiety i pomaga ją zrealizować w konkretnych więziach rodzinnych.
Oddaleni w codzienności i bliscy od święta. Kultura celebrowania czasu świąt religijnych w rodzinach migracyjnych
Authors: Doiczman-Łoboda Natasza
Published: December 2024

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie analizy badawczej, zawierającej wyniki badań nad funkcjonowaniem rodzin migranckich w kontekście codziennego doświadczania rozłąki i świątecznej bliskości. Dla jak najpełniejszego scharakteryzowania kultury codziennej i świątecznej istotne było dla mnie przedstawienie zachowań obecnych w rodzinach migranckich, obiektów symbolicznych oraz specyficznych zwyczajów związanych ze świętami. Uzyskane wnioski są wynikiem szczegółowej i bardzo wymagającej analizy ogromnego materiału badawczego, który uzyskałam podczas wielogodzinnych wywiadów z członkami rodzin migracyjnych – rodzicami migrantami, rodzicami przebywającymi w Polsce z dziećmi, dziećmi pozostającymi w kraju pochodzenia oraz krewnymi, którzy z różnych powodów częściowo przejęli obowiązki rodzica-migranta. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie sposobu postrzegania okresu świąt religijnych, które są również świętami rodzinnymi. Ważne było dla mnie znaczenie, jakie religii i świętom nadawali sami respondenci. Podczas wywiadów pojawiło się wiele emocjonalnych wypowiedzi narratorów.
Apostolat rodziny wielodzietnej. Studium z duszpasterstwa rodzin
Authors: Lemieszek Magdalena Ewa
Published: December 2024

Celem badań, których wyniki oraz istotne wnioski i postulaty pastoralne prezentowane są w artykule, było pokazanie autentycznego obrazu współczesnych, wielkich rodzin i pełnienie przez nie apostolatu chrześcijańskiego. Problem badawczy został rozwiązany w ramach paradygmatu analizy teologii pastoralnej. Artykuł zawiera ponadto omówienie dysertacji, użytych metod i technik badawczych oraz charakterystykę badań własnych i grupy badawczej. Kolejno zostały omówione wyniki przeprowadzonych badań, dotyczących wewnątrzrodzinnego apostolatu nauczania, apostolatu uświęcania i apostolatu służby, apostolatu w parafii, apostolatu na szczeblu ponadparafialnym, apostolatu w zrzeszeniach religijnych realizowanego przez rodziny wielodzietne oraz zaangażowanie tych rodzin w apostolat sąsiedzki, apostolat w środowiskach lokalnych i apostolat w środowiskach alternatywnych. Artykuł podsumowują istotne wnioski oraz postulaty pastoralne, dotyczące realizacji apostolatu małżonków i dzieci z rodzin „trzy plus”. Jak wynika z badań, realizowany w określonych uwarunkowaniach współczesnego świata przez rodziny wielodzietne apostolat jawi się jako skuteczne, trwałe radosne i pełne nadziei świadectwo przyjęcia przez rodziny ich powołania.
Potrzeba podniesienia świadomości społecznej oraz promocji właściwych postaw w zakresie prokreacji
Authors: Lichtenberg-Kokoszka Emilia , Gwoździewicz Tomasz
Published: December 2024

Panujące współcześnie wzorce kulturowe promujące swobodę seksualną, hedonistyczne nastawienie do życia, permisywizm moralny, kult ciała, rozdzielenie więziotwórczego i prokreacyjnego znaczenia ludzkiej seksualności, negowanie suwerennej woli Boga jako dawcy życia powoduje, że zwłaszcza młody człowiek nie potrafi odnaleźć właściwego paradygmatu ludzkiej prokreacji. Wskazuje to na pilną potrzebę podniesienia poziomu świadomości społecznej oraz promocji właściwych postaw w zakresie ludzkiej prokreacji, bazujących na założeniach antropologii chrześcijańskiej. Niniejszy artykuł ma zatem na celu ukazanie życia ludzkiego jako owocu współpracy rodziców z Bogiem oraz zagadnień związanych z odpowiedzialnym rodzicielstwem i wychowaniem seksualnym. Zastosowana metoda krytycznej analizy literatury przedmiotu z zakresu teologii, socjologii oraz familiologii pozwoliła na stwierdzenie, że chrześcijańskie podejście do małżeństwa wiąże się z odpowiedzialnym przyjęciem i podjęciem całego małżeńskiego i rodzicielskiego powołania oraz akceptacją wpisanego w akt seksualny elementu prokreacyjnego. Prawidłowe wychowanie seksualne zaś powinno ukazywać ją w pozytywny sposób, zachęcając równocześnie do wierności i odpowiedzialności za drugą osobę.
'Gratissimam sane'. Rodzina drogą Kościoła. Próby refleksji po latach
Authors: Waluś Monika
Published: December 2024

Artykuł przedstawia refleksje nad słynnym zdaniem papieża Jana Pawła II „rodzina jest drogą Kościoła”, które dedykował „każdej ludzkiej rodzinie”. Wiele z charakterystycznych dla papieża pojęć, np. godność ludzkiej rodziny, inspiracja przykładem Świętej Rodziny, znaczenie stabilności małżeństwa i rodziny wydaje się dzisiaj jeszcze bardziej aktualne. Analiza dowodzi, że niektóre tezy papieskiego Listu do rodzin okazały się prorocze; niektóre, wraz ze zmianą warunków społecznych, wymagają rozwinięcia i doprecyzowania.
Impressions on European physiology education and research—A quick view from the Portuguese experience
Authors: Rodrigues Luís Monteiro
Published: December 2024

The Bologna Process and the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) are celebrating 25 years of free mobility and career opportunities. Despite its progress, disparities exist in the effectiveness of this initiative across EHEA countries. Physiology is a mandatory component of health science curricula but lacks standardized educational benchmarks, leading to limited societal awareness and professional opportunities. In contrast, there is a different dynamic in the USA, where physiology is a profession with growing opportunities. Within Europe, national scientific societies are actively promoting physiology education and research but societal awareness and physiology related knowledge and opportunities are still limited. A recent study on the Portuguese reality revealed that while physiology is taught at many institutions, there is significant variability in hands‐on training between universities and technical colleges. Notably, only a small percentage of faculty have published in physiology journals, suggesting a diluted identity for the discipline. Challenges in harmonization and training reflect a need for stronger collaboration among scientific organizations to improve physiology teaching and research across Europe. By addressing these issues, the future of physiology can be strengthened, ensuring better recognition and professional development for physiologists in the EHEA.
Surface-engineered quantum dot nanocomposites for neurodegenerative disorder remediation and avenue for neuroimaging
Authors: Al-Muhanna Muhanna K. A. , Alghamdi Amani Ahmed , Alrfaei Bahauddeen , Afzal Mohammad , Al-Subaiee Reema , Haddadi Rania
Published: December 2024

This review investigates the potential of surface-engineered quantum dot (QD) nanocomposites in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and their use in neuroimaging. QDs possess distinctive properties such as adjustable fluorescence and adaptable surface modification, making them useful for both targeted drug administration and precise imaging in the complex nervous system. The report provides a concise overview of progress and obstacles, with a particular focus on concerns regarding biocompatibility, potential toxicity, and the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. The importance of continuous research in surface engineering, biocompatibility investigations, and standardization of synthesis procedures is emphasized as essential measures to overcome these obstacles. Although there are challenges, the review highlights the significant potential of surface-engineered QD nanocomposites to transform our understanding of neurodegenerative disorders and improve neuroimaging techniques. This could lead to better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for neurological health in the future.
1919–1920 metų Lietuvos nepriklausomybės karo nominacijos ir pripažinimai | Names and Recognition of the Lithuanian War of Independence, 1919–1920
Authors: Vitkus Gediminas
Published: December 2024

Correlates of War (COW), an ongoing project initiated in the United States to monitor all the wars around the globe, covers the Estonian and Latvian wars of independence, and the war between Poland and Russia, but does not represent the Lithuanian War of Independence in detail. It only includes one episode of the war, the Polish-Lithuanian war. The article points out that this is partly correlated with the lack of a single term for these events in Lithuania. The author assesses the names of the war or wars of independence circulating in Lithuania, asking to what extent their differences have had an impact on the external (non)recognition of the War of Independence. After reviewing the paradoxical situation with war names circulating in Lithuania, the essay concludes with a reflection on what caused the establishment of the plural name in Lithuania. Despite this, the author argues that, from the perspective of external recognition, a singular name would better represent the nature of the processes that occurred in 1919 and 1920, and would contribute more to the consolidation of the national identity.
(Para)medic Training for Combat Gas Attacks in 1920–1939 in Polish Vilnius and Lithuanian Kaunas: Professional and Civilian Perspectives
Authors: Žalnora Aistis , Šimkutė Viktorija
Published: December 2024

Between 1920 and 1939, Vilnius, the constitutional capital of Lithuania, was annexed by Poland, prompting the Lithuanian government and civil life to relocate to Kaunas, the temporary capital. Despite local tensions, both cities faced a shared geopolitical predicament in the 1930s, being between ‘Scylla and Charybdis’. Nazi Germany to the west and Bolshevik Russia to the east sought to revise the existing order, threatening Poland and the Baltic region respectively. Anticipating military attacks, both the Lithuanian and Polish governments began preparing in the early 1930s. Archival data reveal that the military, academic specialists and civilians underwent paramilitary training to address threats, such as gas and air attacks, and to develop crisis management strategies. Medical professionals played a critical role in devising measures to prevent and treat injuries from chemical warfare, leveraging medical expertise to mitigate potential losses. This article aims to examine and compare the medical and civilian preparedness for chemical attacks in Vilnius and Kaunas. Our research focuses on two objectives: analysing primary archival documents to uncover strategies by government bodies, military doctors, the Polish Red Cross, and related organisations; and reviewing the public press to understand societal perceptions of the looming military threat.
MODELS OF INVOLVEMENT OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN POLITICAL DECISION MAKING PROCESSES
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Bukovska Margarita
Published: December 2024

The article examines the experience of democratic countries in involving indigenous peoples in political decision-making processes. Since many indigenous peoples were subjected to discriminatory policies in the past, they had little chance to be heard. The article explores how countries and the global community have come to recognize the rights of indigenous peoples, including their political rights, and what models of inclusion of indigenous peoples in politics have become most popular in various democratic countries, specifically in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Norway, Sweden, and Finland. The aim of the study is to examine the features of the models by which indigenous peoples are involved in political decision-making processes in democratic countries and to identify the factors influencing the choice of these models. The conclusion is that the most popular such models include the allocation of quotas in government bodies, creation of representative and consultative bodies, consultations with government agencies, as well as granting them territorial and non-territorial autonomy. It is emphasized that even in democratic countries, indigenous peoples still face difficulties in influencing politics and that the creation of special models is not always a guarantee of their full participation in political decision-making processes. One of the obstacles, in particular, is the persistence of discriminatory practices at some level towards indigenous peoples, which require resolution at the level of state policy.
THE ROLE OF THE SOVIET UNION IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR IN BRITISH HISTORY TEXTBOOKS
Authors:   MGIMO University, Pankov Evgenii
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the representation of the role of the USSR in World War II in British history textbooks: what is underscored is the great powers’ diplomatic rivalry in the pre-war period; the «turning point» in the war; the general assessment of the Soviet people’s contribution to the victory. The aim of the study is to identify the subjects that are characterized by consensus among the authors of textbooks and the events that cause disagreement among them. The study is based on a qualitative content analysis of ten textbooks published after 2000, using the comparative method. The article concludes that the representation of the role of the USSR in the war is characterized by duality: on the one hand, the Soviet Union is seen as a member of the Anti-Hitler Coalition that made a decisive contribution to the victory; on the other hand, it is seen as the embodiment of totalitarianism, which Britain fought against throughout the 20th century. At the same time, events that contradict this duality are not shown in textbooks. In this connection, without denying the contribution of the Soviet people to the defeat of Hitler’s troops, the authors of textbooks raise the question of the role of Soviet diplomacy in unleashing the conflict – here the range of positions is much more diverse. It is the first attempt to comparatively analyze the content of British history textbooks in the context of the unfolding «memory wars» between Russia and the West. In this regard, the practical usefulness of the work consists in the possibility to apply its results in identifying potential areas of rapprochement between Moscow and London for overcoming «historical traumas».
El Cid conquista el lenguaje de la historieta: un análisis de cuatro propuestas recientes en los mercados argentino y español
Authors: Randazzo Maria Belen
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo propone un análisis comparativo de cuatro historietas basadas en la historia del Cid campeador, publicadas en Argentina y en España, entre 2012 y 2020. Los textos se abordan a partir de una metodología de análisis en tres niveles, que considera la doble dimensión icónica y lingüística de la historieta, aunque concediendo especial atención al estudio de las relaciones intertextuales que se establecen entre las adaptaciones y la materia cidiana. Intentaremos demostrar que, mientras en las propuestas de origen argentino, la historia del héroe busca llegar a un lector infanto-juvenil y se construye con alto grado de fidelidad al Cantar de Mío Cid, las versiones españolas se relacionan con un repertorio de fuentes medievales mucho más amplio, a través de decisiones creativas más libres, e intentan acercar la historia del Cid a un público más heterogéneo en términos etarios. En ambos mercados editoriales se observa un interés vigente en dar difusión a través de medios de consumo popular a la historia del héroe medieval, pero factores como la mayor o menor circulación y el distinto grado de conocimiento de la materia cidiana condicionan el tipo de historietas que se produce sobre la historia real o legendaria del Cid.
Encuesta a productores ovinos y caprinos de Costa Rica: perspectivas, riesgos y desafíos sanitarios del sector
Authors: Soto-Barrientos Natalia , Vargas-Leitón Bernardo
Published: December 2024

Even though sheep and goat production has progressively grown in Costa Rica in the last few years, the information about these production systems is still scarce and imprecise. Consequently, a survey was conducted of 100 farms (64 goat farms and 36 sheep farms) to carry out a baseline diagnosis of Costa Rican sheep and goat production systems, mainly regarding nutritional, reproductive, and sanitary management. Almost all goat herds are dedicated to milk production, with an average of 17 adult females per herd, while all sheep herds are dedicated to meat production, with an average of 55 females. A frequent use of confined (52%) or semi-confined (51%) systems was observed, as well as a lower frequency of extensive grazing (28%). The average age of the producers surveyed was 45 years, with an average experience in the activity of 8.8 years. A total of 69% of producers have at least a level higher than secondary education. Most farms (88%) maintain some manual or digital record. A total of 91% of herds use natural mating with the farm’s males. The survey revealed essential deficiencies in biosafety and health management. Potential health risks were also detected. The most frequently reported health problems in the herds were abortions and calving problems, as well as respiratory problems, diarrhea, and lameness. A significant positive association was evident between biosafety risks and the prevalence of health problems. These findings offer an essential perspective to shape future policies and actions to promote the development and sustainability of the livestock industry in the country.
Síndrome del pronador redondo en el contexto de otras neuropatías compresivas del miembro superior. Presentación de un caso
Authors: Úbeda Pérez de Heredia Íñigo
Published: December 2024

El síndrome del pronador redondo consiste en un atrapamiento del nervio mediano en su recorrido entre los vientres musculares del músculo pronador redondo. Es un cuadro poco común que habitualmente se confunde con otras neuropatías compresivas del miembro superior. Se presenta un caso infrecuente de síndrome del pronador redondo asociado a la compresión del nervio cubital en el codo y del nervio mediano en la muñeca. El estudio electrofisiológico detectó un atrapamiento del nervio mediano en la muñeca y una neuropatía cubital a nivel del codo. La ecografía dinámica del antebrazo constató una afectación morfológicadel nervio mediano a su paso por el músculo pronador redondo. El paciente mejoró con la administración de corticoides y técnicas de rehabilitación y readaptación.
Conclusiones: Se debe sospechar un síndrome del pronador redondo en pacientes que consultan por alteraciones sensitivas en el antebrazo y la muñeca. El diagnóstico diferencial con otras neuropatías compresivas es fundamental, porque la detección precoz permite indicar medidas terapéuticas conservadoras que eviten una progresión hacia la lesión estructural del nervio.
Presentación de técnica de anclaje isométrico a doble blanda del CFCT artroscópico con movilidad precoz: resultados preliminares
Authors: Sala Juan Matías , Ledesma Aldo Daniel
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Evaluar, en forma retrospectiva, la función y los resultados de los pacientes con una lesión foveal del complejo del fibrocartílago triangular tratados con un anclaje óseo isométrico con doble sutura ligamentaria, monotúnel, por vía artroscópica.
Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluó a 14 pacientes consecutivos, en edad laboral, que tenían una lesión foveal del complejo del fibrocartílago triangular Atzei 2/3 y un seguimiento promedio de 15 meses. Todas las lesiones se repararon mediante artroscopia con una doble sutura ligamentaria, isométrica, sin nudo con anclaje foveal monotúnel. Se utilizó una sutura para fijar el ligamento radiocubital volar y otra para fijar el ligamento radiocubital dorsal a la fóvea. Se evaluaron el rango de movilidad, la fuerza de agarre, y se utilizaron la escala MWS y el puntaje DASH.
Resultados: Los puntajes de dolor y fuerza mejoraron. El puntaje de la escala MWS fue excelente y bueno. El puntaje DASH preoperatorio era de 62 y de 8 en el posoperatorio. El promedio de la fuerza comparativa contralateral fue del 80%.
Conclusiones: La reparación artroscópica de las lesiones Atzei 2/3 mediante doble sutura isométrica con anclaje ligamentario monotúnel, sin nudo logra buenos resultados: mejora el rango de movilidad, recupera la estabilidad y la fuerza en forma total o parcial. Se debe tener cuidado en el pasaje de las suturas por el complejo del fibrocartílago triangular y la fijación mediante el tornillo en la metáfisis para evitar las complicaciones comunicadas en esta serie.
Interposición artroscópica en parapente para la artrosis radiocubital distal: resultados preliminares
Authors: Sala Juan Matías , Ledesma Aldo Daniel
Published: December 2024

Objetivos: Presentar una técnica artroscópica para el tratamiento de la artrosis radiocubital distal que consiste en la interposición de un cilindro de poliéster tejido y de palmar menor, y los resultados preliminares.
Materiales y Métodos: Se analizaron, en forma retrospectiva, los resultados de esta técnica en 5 pacientes con artrosis radiocubital distal clasificada clínicamente y por vía artroscópica, en un seguimiento promedio de 11 meses. Todas las lesiones se repararon por vía artroscópica mediante una técnica de autor denominada técnica de interposición en parapente. Se evaluaron los rangos de movilidad, la fuerza de agarre con la escala MWS y el cuestionario DASH.
Resultados: Se incluyó a 5 pacientes (4 artrosis secundarias y 1 artrosis primaria). Los resultados de las pruebas de dolor y fuerza mejoraron. El rango de movilidad promedio fue: 75° de pronación, 70° de supinación, 80° de extensión y 70° de flexión. Los resultados, según la escala MWS, fueron excelentes (83%) y buenos (17%), no hubo resultados malos. El puntaje promedio del cuestionario DASH era 56 antes de la cirugía y 20 en el posoperatorio. El promedio de la fuerza comparativa contralateral fue del 70%.
Conclusiones: La técnica de interposición artroscópica en parapente propone ser una alternativa a las técnicas de salvataje articular utilizadas hoy, ya que es mínimamente invasiva, conserva estructuras de las partes blandas, es reproducible, permite la estabilización de la articulación radiocubital distal y evita el pinzamiento radiocubital proximal.
Breastfeeding Trends Following the US Infant Formula Shortage
Authors: Seoane Estruel Luis , Andreyeva Tatiana
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

Breastfeeding enhances maternal and child health, yet US breastfeeding rates remain below optimal levels and substantial disparities persist. The 2022 infant formula crisis had the potential to influence infant feeding practices due to formula shortages and fears about the safety of formula feeding in the wake of recalls. This report studies the evolution of breastfeeding-initiation trends during the infant formula crisis and compares the effects across subpopulations.

METHODS

This study analyzed 2016–2022 national birth certificate data from 47 states and the District of Columbia based on Bayesian structural time-series analysis to measure average changes in breastfeeding-initiation trends and a linear probability model to test for heterogeneous effects.

RESULTS

During the 2022 infant formula crisis, average breastfeeding-initiation rates increased by 1.96 percentage points (pp) (95% credible interval, 1.68 pp to 2.23 pp) and remained elevated above historical levels at the end of the formula crisis. The increase was particularly pronounced among mothers with lower education levels, those receiving Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children assistance, residents of less populated counties, Medicaid recipients, and Black mothers, possibly due to their higher reliance on formula feeding. Populations meeting all of these sociodemographic criteria experienced the largest increase in breastfeeding initiation at 6.06 pp (95% confidence interval, 5.26 pp to 6.87 pp). Preexisting disparities in breastfeeding initiation declined in 2022.

CONCLUSION

The infant formula crisis highlights the potential for addressing breastfeeding disparities and reducing associated child and maternal health risks through targeted interventions to promote breastfeeding.
Extreme Heat Stress and Unplanned Hospital Admissions
Authors: He Wen-Qiang , Pereira Gavin , Hu Nan , Lingam Raghu , Hunt Lindsey , Gordon Adrienne , Jay Ollie , Nassar Natasha
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVES

The burden and health impact of heat stress on child hospitalization is limited. This study aims to investigate associations between extreme heat stress exposure based on a Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), emergency department (ED) visits, and ED visits that translate into unplanned hospital admissions.

METHODS

This population-based case-crossover study included all ED visits and unplanned hospital admissions among children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years from New South Wales, Australia, from July 2001 to June 2020. Heat stress was measured by heatwave days defined as 2 consecutive days or more with daily maximum UTCI in the 95th percentile or higher. Distributed lag nonlinear regression models with a quasi-Poisson distribution were applied, and the relative risks from the models were presented.

RESULTS

Totals of 8 240 170 ED visits and 1 427 736 unplanned hospital admissions were recorded. Compared with nonheatwave days, heatwave days were associated with an increased risk of ED visits and hospital admissions due to infectious diseases and infectious enteritis by 5% to 17% and heat-related illness by 78% to 104%. Findings were consistent for subgroup analyses. Children aged younger than 1 year and those from the most disadvantaged areas were more vulnerable to heat-related illness on heatwave days. Effects on hospitalization were attenuated using ambient temperature only.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides evidence of the effectiveness of UTCI to more completely demonstrate the harmful impact of extreme heat stress on increased infection and heat-related hospitalizations among children, which were not fully captured by using ambient temperature alone. Findings can inform targeted area-based strategies, particularly among vulnerable groups to mitigate the effects of extreme heat events.
VAMPIRE TRANSFORMATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE NOVEL AND FILM DRACULA
Authors: Karim Tuki Madani , Paturohmah Pepi Siti , Priyawan Pepen , Mansyur Agus Salim
Published: December 2024

This article aims to explore the intersection between comparative literature and adaptation studies, examining the theoretical frameworks and practical applications that underlie this fascinating field. By analysing the transformation of a classic work into various media, we will uncover the mechanisms of change and the cultural significance embedded in these adaptations. This article examines the film adaptation of Bram Stoker's novel Dracula by Francis Ford Coppola. A comparative analysis is conducted on the novel and film to identify significant changes that occurred in the adaptation process. These changes include the addition of scenes, character modifications, and changes to the plot. One of the main changes is the addition of a romantic element between Dracula and Mina, which is not present in the original novel. This change transforms the theme of gothic horror into a more nuanced tragic love story. The study concludes that the film adaptation of Bram Stoker's Dracula involves a number of significant changes that alter the meaning and experience of the narrative. Further research is needed to understand the motivations and impact of changes in the adaptation process, especially from a cultural and sociological perspective. In addition, a broader comparative study could be conducted by comparing different adaptations of Dracula to see the patterns of change that occur over time. It is also important to understand how changes in adaptation affect audience reception. Adaptation research methodology needs to be continuously developed by integrating digital humanities approaches and new technologies to provide a more comprehensive perspective. More systematic documentation of the decision-making process in adaptation is also needed to understand the factors that influence changes from novel to film, so as to provide deeper insight into the process of adapting literary works to visual media.

Keyword: comparative literature, adaptation studies, tramsformation, character, plot
RICH BRIAN’S RESISTANCE AGAINST RACISM IN INSTAGRAM
Authors: Syamsi Ekaprilia Mutiara , Chusna Aidatul , Trisnawati Ririn Kurnia
Published: December 2024

Racism can trigger the development of an individual's resistance due to the inequality between ethnic minority and majority groups. This study aimed to discover the forms of resistance shown by Rich Brian through his Instagram account. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method by applying the resistance theory by Ellefsen, Banafsheh, and Sandberg (2022). The data source used in this research comes from Rich Brian's Instagram account with the username @brianimanuel (https://www.instagram.com/brianimanuel/). The data used in this study are verbal and visual components of Rich Brian’s Instagram posts. The results of the analysis show that the emergence of Rich Brian's resistance against racism occur after he experiences various forms of racism while being part of an ethnic minority in the United States. Rich Brian's Instagram account only displays four of the five resistance forms identified in Ellefsen et al.'s framework: ignoring, confronting, protesting, and sharing experiences.

Keyword: racism, resistance, ethnic, instagram, social media
CODE-SWITCHING AND CODE-MIXING USED BY BOY WILLIAM AND VALENCIA TANOESOEDIBJO IN A VLOG
Authors: Fitriyah Nahda Khoirun
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the phenomena of code-switching and code-mixing as employed by Boy William and Valencia Tanoesoedibjo, focusing on identifying their types, underlying reasons, and contributing factors. Adopting a qualitative research design, the study analyzed non-numerical data, specifically the spoken utterances of Boy and Valencia in a vlog, where instances of code-switching and code-mixing occur. The classification of code-switching follows the framework proposed by Poplack (1980), while the identification of code-mixing types relies on Hoffman’s (1991) model. Additionally, Hoffman’s (1991) framework is utilized to explore the reasons behind their use of code-switching and code-mixing. To further examine the influencing factors, the study employs the theoretical framework of Bhatia and Ritchie (2004). The findings indicate that Boy and Valencia employed five of the seven identified reasons for code-switching and code-mixing: discussing specific topics, expressing emphasis, using interjections, clarifying speech through repetition, and ensuring clarity for the interlocutor. Regarding the influencing factors, the analysis reveals that participant roles and relationships, situational contexts, message-intrinsic features, and attitudes towards language, including dominance and security, are significant contributors. Moreover, an additional factor identified in the study is their prior experience of living overseas, which further shapes their linguistic choices.

Keyword: code-switching, code-mixing, type, reason, factor
Grounding the Content of the Qur'an Surah Al-Fatihah in Everyday Life as a Form of Living Religion
Authors: Malik Nida Husna Abdul
Published: December 2024

This article presents a literature review of the book by Mary Pat Fisher and Robin Rinehart that discusses the concept of Living Religion and its application in everyday life, with a focus on Surah Al-Fatihah in the Qur'an. Surah Al-Fatihah, as a fundamental part of Islamic teachings, has a very deep and broad meaning, not only as a prayer in ritual worship but also as a moral and spiritual guideline in human interaction with God and others. This article explores how the values contained in Surah Al-Fatihah can be grounded in everyday life as part of a living religious practice. By applying the principles of Surah Al-Fatihah in everyday life, Muslims can face life's challenges more wisely and meaningfully. This discussion also raises the relevance of the concept of Living Religion in the modern pluralistic and dynamic world, where religious teachings need to be adapted to remain relevant and provide solutions to social and personal life problems. This article is expected to provide insight into the development of a more contextual and applicable understanding of religion, as well as encourage the application of religious values in everyday life that is more meaningful.
Contribution: The discussion extends to the concept of Living Religion within a pluralistic and dynamic world, addressing the necessity for religious teachings to evolve and remain applicable to contemporary social issues. This perspective encourages interfaith dialogue and understanding in increasingly diverse societies.
Enhancing Remote Sensing Image Quality through Data Fusion and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR): A Comparative Analysis of CNN, Lightweight ConvNet, and VGG16 Models
Authors: Anggreyni Desynike Puspa , Indriatmoko  , Arymurthy Aniati Murni , Setiyoko Andie
Published: December 2024

Remote sensing technology benefits many parties, especially for carrying out land surveillance with comprehensive coverage without needing to move the equipment close to photograph the area. However, this technology needs to improve: the image quality depends on natural conditions, so objects such as fog, clouds, and smoke can interfere with the image results. This study uses data fusion techniques to enhance the quality of remote-sensing images affected by natural conditions. The method involves using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to combine adjacent satellite images from different viewpoints, thereby improving image coverage. Three image classification models were evaluated to process the fused data: Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Lightweight ConvNet, and Visual Geometry Group 16 (VGG16). The results indicate that all three models achieve similar accuracy and execution speed, namely 0.925, with VGG16 demonstrating a slight superiority over the others, namely 0.90.
FBG in coreless silica fiber for high temperature measurements
Authors:   Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Simonov Victor A. , Golikov Evgeniy V. ,   Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Terentyev Vadim S. ,   Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dostovalov Alexander Vladimirovich ,   Novosibirsk State University
Published: December 2024

The paper demonstrates for the first time the possibility of measuring high temperatures up to 1200 °C using an FBG with central wavelength 985 nm formed in a coreless pure silica fiber using the femtosecond point-by-point FBG-writing technique. In our case, the length of the coreless fiber from the FBG to the connection with the multimode transport fiber was not less than 50 cm, and average temperature sensitivity was about 9 pm/°C. It is shown that such an FBG remains stable at temperatures up to 1150 °C for at least an hour. At 1200 °C, degradation of the reflectivity was observed. The use of a fully multimode interrogation scheme made it possible to significantly increase the intensity of reflected light and reduce the effect of mode interference on the obtained FBG spectrum, and the choice of a spectral range of up to 1100 nm makes it possible to use relatively inexpensive spectral devices based on silicon photodetectors.
Investigation of the effects of diisobutyl phthalate on rat testicular tissue: a histopathological and morphometric evaluation
Authors: BAŞIMOĞLU KOCA Yücel
Published: December 2024

Phthalates are a group of chemicals used to make plastics more durable, and they are often called plasticisers. Additionally, these chemicals are found in hundreds of products such as floor coverings, lubricating oils, and personal care products (soaps, shampoos, hair sprays). Consumer products containing phthalates can result in human exposure through direct contact and use, indirectly through leaching into the other products or general environmental contamination. In this study, the effects of Diisobutyl phthalate a commonly used phthalate, were investigated histopathologically and morphometrically to determine whether it is one of the causes of increased infertility in recent years. Two study groups of albino Wistar albino rats (total n: 40) were formed; the control group (untreated control group, solvent-corn oil the control group) and the experimental group. DiBP was administered by oral gavage to the experimental group in 3 different doses (0.25–0.5–1 mL/kg/day) mixed with corn oil every day for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, testicular tissue samples taken from all the experimental and control animals were evaluated histopathologically and morphometrically by light microscopy after routine preparation. Degeneration/atrophic tubules were quite prominent in the sections. Tubules containing degenerated germ cells and tubules devoid of germ cells were observed. It was determined that in most tubules, only tubules covered with Sertoli cells remained due to germ cell death. In addition, multinucleated giant cells were frequently encountered in such tubules. Dilatation and thickening in the basal lamina of the seminiferous tubule were accompanied by decreased PAS-positive reaction. The morphometric results supported the histopathological findings. Significant dose-related morphometrical changes (p<0.0001), including seminiferous tubule diameter, tubular lumen diameter, spermatogenic cell line height and basal lamina thickness were observed between the control and administration groups. According to the control, sham and G1, the number of these multinucleated cells (MGC) increased in G2 and G3 but these increases were statistically insignificant (p > 0.9999). In conclusion, it was observed that irreversible damage occurred in the testicular tissues of DiBP-exposed groups, and it was decided that this could be the cause of infertility. Therefore, we recommend the use of an alternative plasticiser with proven reliability.
A study on regeneration of medicinal plant Polygonatum punctatum Royle ex Kunth via callus induction from leaves and petioles
Authors: Thi Tham Dang , Thanh Hang Nguyen Thi , Thai Vinh Tran , Van Hoi Quach , Kim Cong Vu , Duy Nong Van
Published: December 2024

Polygonatum punctatum Royle ex Kunth is a rare medicinal plant species in Vietnam, with rhizomes used as a tonic for kidney yang deficiency, for treating joint pain, and for pain relief. Overexploitation of natural medicinal plants has driven the need for propagation techniques to meet increasing demand, compensate for habitat degradation, and conserve rare species. In this study, tissue culture techniques were applied to investigate the effects of different growth regulators on the in vitro regeneration of P. punctatum. The results showed that sterilizing young leaf and petiole samples with 0.1% HgCl2 for 6 minutes achieved optimal effectiveness. The MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D was identified as the most suitable for inducing callus formation from young leaves and petioles. The MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BA and 0.2 mg/L NAA yielded the best results for shoot regeneration, while the 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L NAA was appropriate for root formation. The in vitro propagation results of P. punctatum contribute to the conservation and sustainable development of this valuable medicinal plant and aim towards the rapid multiplication of healthy plantlets for commercialization.
Evaluation of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) and brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) growth
Authors: Shyam Dipsikha , Narzary Diganta
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the potential of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains, isolated from the rhizosphere of Oroxylum indicum, to enhance the growth of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) and brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). With the increasing global demand for sustainable agricultural practices, PGPR offers an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The research involved screening ten PGPR strains and their consortia for compatibility, followed by evaluating their effects on plant growth parameters, including plant height, shoot biomass, and root biomass, under controlled conditions. Statistical analysis indicated that both individual and consortia PGPR treatments significantly improved growth performance compared to untreated controls. Results demonstrated that three individual strains (Btr-7, Bcer-24, and Bcer-25) significantly enhanced plant height and biomass in chilli plants. For brinjal plants, the strains Erog-1 and Bcer-21 showed significant growth improvements when applied individually. Additionally, the use of PGPR consortia, specifically Btro-7+Bcer-13, Ptai-40+Sarl-43, Bthu-4+Bcer-24, and Bcer-24+Bcer-25, led to substantial increases in plant height and biomass for both chilli and brinjal plants. These findings highlight the potential of PGPR, both as individual strains and in consortia, to promote sustainable crop production, reducing the reliance on chemical fertilizers. Future research should focus on field trials to validate these results under diverse agro-climatic conditions and explore the commercialization potential of effective PGPR strains.
Quick Computing CFD Model to Predict Chemical Pollution in Room
Authors: Biliaiev M. M. , Biliaieva V. V. , Berlov O. V. , Kozachyna V. A. , Mashykhina P. B. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose. The problem of accidental contamination of workspaces attracts special attention, since in the event of such extreme situations, intense chemical contamination of the air in work areas occurs. This poses a threat of toxic exposure to workers. When assessing the consequences of such situations, it is necessary to take into account the time factor, in particular, to quickly determine the creation of concentrations of chemically hazardous substances. In this regard, an urgent task is to develop effective mathematical models for rapid assessment of the consequences of extreme situations in the working areas of chemically hazardous facilities. The paper considers a CFD model for analyzing the process of chemical air pollution in a workspace during an accidental release of a chemically hazardous substance. The solution of the problem is based on the numerical integration of the fundamental equations of continuum mechanics. Methodology. To calculate the air velocity field in the working room during the operation of supply and exhaust ventilation, a mathematical model of the motion of an inviscid fluid was used. The equation of convective diffusion motion was used to calculate the concentration of a chemically hazardous substance in the workspace. The integration of the modeling equations was carried out using finite difference schemes. Findings. A dynamic model has been created to calculate the spread of a chemically hazardous substance in a workspace. On the basis of the built CFD model, a computer program was created to conduct a computational experiment. Originality. A CFD model has been created to predict the level of air pollution in a workspace in the event of toxic gas emissions. The model is based on the fundamental equations of aerodynamic mechanics and mass transfer. The model makes it possible to determine the effect of the ventilation mode, the intensity of emission of a chemically hazardous substance, the location of equipment in the workspace, and the dynamics of the formation of concentration fields. Practical value. The developed CFD model can be used to quickly analyze the consequences of accidental emissions of a chemically hazardous substance in a workplace and assess the risk of toxic exposure of workers.