bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Plastic Limit Test by Means of Rolling Paths
Authors: Barnes Graham E.
Published: July 2021

The standard plastic limit test, based on Atterberg’s original manual thread rolling method, is a simple, quick, and inexpensive procedure that has received very little attention for improvement since its initial inception over a century ago even though it receives much criticism because of its poor reproducibility. An investigation into the shortcomings of the standard test by means of manual rolling path tests examines the relationships between the water content, diameter and condition of soil threads, and the distinct ductile–brittle transition that occurs at the plastic limit. The ASTM and International Standards are compared, highlighting significant differences in their procedures. Modifications of the standard method are recommended to provide coherent objectives for a consistent rolling procedure, compatible considerations of diameter, and a more precise and authentic assessment of the end criterion at the plastic limit.
Global Capitalism and the Battle for Hegemony
Authors: Harris Jerry
Published: July 2021

Facing a crisis of legitimacy, the capitalist class is constructing new hegemonic projects to stabilize their global system. This article will examine competing fractions of the transnational capitalist class (TCC), how these fractions are confronting the crisis of global capitalism, and how TCC theory analyzes the current state of conflict. TCC theorists see the development of two hegemonic projects, one based on militarized accumulation and authoritarian politics and that of green capitalist reformism. But differences exist on the evaluation of the strength and formation of these emerging blocs. The article also pays attention to the relationship between the United States and China as a battleground between globalizing projects, rather than nations.
Transection of the Superior Sagittal Sinus Enables Bilateral Access to the Rodent Midline Brain Structures
Authors: Dias Marcelo , Marques-Morgado Inês , Coelho Joana E. , Ruivo Pedro , Lopes Luísa V. , Remondes Miguel
Published: July 2021

Stereotaxic access to brain areas underneath the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) is notoriously challenging. As a major drainage vessel, covering the whole extension of the sagittal fissure, the SSS impedes direct bilateral access to underlying regions for recording and stimulation probes, drug-delivery cannulas, and injection devices. We now describe a new method for transection and retraction of the SSS in rats, that allows the accurate placement of microinjection devices, or chronic electrode probes, while avoiding hemorrhage and the ensuing deleterious consequences for local structures, animal health, and behavior. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach we evaluated its consequences acutely during surgery, and thereafter during surgical survival, recovery, behavioral testing, as well as postmortem analysis of histologic impact in the related brain structures of male rats. This method provides a new approach enabling direct access for manipulation and recording of activity in brain areas previously obstructed by the SSS.
The growth response of pokem (Setaria italica L.) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from tailings area
Authors: Suharno S , Sancayaningsih Retno Peni , Soetarto Endang Sutariningsih , Kasiamdari Rina Sri
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research was to study the growth response of pokem (Setaria italica), which was inoculated by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from the tailings area. The method used in this research was a completely randomized design of factorial pattern. The factors consisted of AMF types (M)(M0: non-mycorrhizal, M1: Claroideoglomus etunicatum BGR, M2: C. lamellosum B1107S, M3: C. etunicatum L3101D), and inoculum density (I) (I: 5 g, II: 10 g per pot of planting media) with 8 replicates. The source of inoculum C. lamellosum B1107S and C. etunicatum L3101D originated from tailings in the gold mining area of Timika. The results showed that inoculation of C. etunicatum L3101D could increase the plant growth better than C. etunicatum BGR and C. lamellosum B1107S. Significant growth occurred on the parameters of the height of the plants, leaf area, dry weight and fresh weight of the plants, relative growth rate, and phosphorus absorption by the plants. The amount of nitrogen tended to decrease with AMF treatment, but it was not significant, whereas K has insiginificantly increased. The propagule density treatment increased plant growth on all parameters. The best growth occurred if the type C. etunicatum L3101D was inoculated with 10 g of propagule per planting media.
War Crime Pardons and Presidential (Self-) Restraint
Authors: Maurer Daniel
Published: July 2021

In 2019, then-President Trump pardoned three military officers for battlefield misconduct that could have been charged as war crimes. These were the first such pardons in American history and left many current and former members of the Armed Forces bewildered: these officers had all been charged by their military chains-of-command after sufficient evidence indicated culpability, and in two of the cases, military juries (“panels”) consisting of high-ranking officials with combat experience had convicted the officers and sentenced them to hefty federal prison terms. The granting of clemency under these circumstances has proven fraught with consequences – consequences adversely affecting the relationship between the president as commander-in-chief and the senior military leaders who cautioned against such extrajudicial mercy. Nevertheless, the president’s authority to do so, under Article II of the Constitution, is nearly without limit, and no other statute, case law precedent, or other formal restriction prevents him from doing so. This article approaches the problem from an assumption that neither the Constitution itself will be amended to carve out such crimes from the president’s reach, nor that Congress will amend the Uniform Code of Military Justice or the War Crimes Statute to chip away at this power by enacting administrative conditions on its exercise. Rather, this article suggests that the most likely and practical tool to prevent such pardons in the future is the reasonable, prudential exercise of restraint by the commander-in-chief. Several contingent factors, based on the possible timing of the pardon in relation to where the case is in the military justice process, are identified as a framework for exercising this prudential restraint notwithstanding the Constitutional authority to ignore it.
Judicial Restoration of Rights as an Auxiliary to the Pardon Power
Authors: Murray JaneAnne
Published: July 2021

This essay outlines the pressing need for a robust use of pardon power to address the cascading consequences of criminal convictions. It argues that a scalable auxiliary to presidential pardon power is a legislative scheme that harnesses the federal court system to conduct individualized reviews and adjudications of petitions for the restoration of rights. In the digital age, where nothing can be truly forgotten, these judicial certifications of rehabilitation, coupled with clear prohibitions on considering criminal records, are the most effective way to address the profound collateral consequences of criminal convictions.
The phenomena of globalisation in Polish consumers’ food choices
Authors:   College of Management, University of Economics in Katowice, Hanus Gabriela
Published: July 2021

Purpose – To identify and characterise the phenomena of globalisation in the food choices of Polish consumers. To identify demographic, economic and social determinants influencing the level of globalization in the dietary choices of Poles, as well as to recognise the most important factors determining consumers’ dietary choices. Research method – Direct surveys among 660 respondents using quantitative methods were used. The collected data was analysed using the factor analysis (the main component method), Cronbach’s alphafactor, structured logit models, Pearson’s χ2 and Cramer’s V coefficients, as well as descriptive statistics and structure indicators. Results – The phenomenon of globalisation is clearly visible in the nutritional choices of Poles. Its impact is manifested primarily in the purchase of fast food in fast food bars and food products in international trade chains; however, it should be noted that this phenomenon concerns primarily the younger generation (under 25), with higher education, and people assessing their income situation as very good. Implications / recommendations – Because of the fashion for healthy, plant-based nutrition, it can be assumed that today’s consumers are looking for a dietary alternative that will allow them to reduce the time it takes to prepare meals and clean up afterwards, while maintaining their health. There may be a growing demand for fast food bars offering healthy food from a proven source. Moreover, due to the increasingly prevalent demands of antiglobalists and the coronavirus crisis, the phenomena of ethnocentrism and deconsumption in consumer behaviour increasingly emerge as trends alternative to globalisation and, as such, they merit further investigation.
The engagement of universities in entrepreneurship and innovation infrastructure in Poland
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Sociology, University of Lodz, Nowakowska Aleksandra Ewa
Published: July 2021

Purpose – The paper is intended to identify the role and activity of universities in building up business environment infrastructure in Poland. It analyses centres that support innovation processes and entrepreneurship co-established by higher education institutions, such as technology and academic incubators, technology transfer centres, and science and technology parks. Research method – The research methods include: a critical analysis of subject-matter literature, the analysis of the existing data (reports and expert opinions), and three casual interviews with leaders of innovation and entrepreneurship centres in Poland. Results – After a period of dynamic development (which ended in 2012), the number of business support institutions is declining. The trend is observed, in particular, amongst technology parks and incubators. On the other hand, the engagement of universities in the development of technology transfer centres is growing while the population of university start-up incubators remains stable. The number and power of entrepreneurship and innovation support centres are strongly correlated with the economic strength of regions and their position as academic centres. University and business collaboration has been expanding together with the density of regional relationships. Originality / value – The article assesses the state and quality of operation of the academic business environment and its transformation in the last decade.
Rozwój symulatorów w technologii VR jako przykład oszczędnych innowacji
Authors:   Wydział Ekonomii, Finansów i Zarządzania, Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Markiewicz Joanna , Niedzielski Piotr ,   Instytut Bezpieczeństwa i Zarządzania, Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku
Published: July 2021

Purpose – The aim of the article is to present the use of virtual reality [VR] technology as a cost-effective method of training and improving employee competences. Thus, the article indicates the use of VR as an example of frugal innovation, which contributes to increasing the competitiveness of enterprises through cheap and effective methods of educating human resources. Research method – The research method is based on two main areas – theoretical and empirical. In theoretical considerations, a literature review was conducted, presenting theoretical issues that explain the idea of building competitiveness based on the implementation of innovations, including frugal innovations. The empirical dimension was explained by presenting a case study of VR technology applications in personnel training. Results – The use of VR solutions should be considered as a frugal innovation, as it contributes to the reduction of training costs and at the same time significantly improves the safety of training participants. Originality /value / implications /recommendations – Frugal innovations, whose roots are to be found in emerging markets, quickly aroused the interest of the scientific world in the context of a new approach to management in organizations operating in developed economies. There is still no comprehensive literature on the use of cost-effective innovations in modern enterprises, especially in the context of human resources training. The article fills this gap.
Czy firmy parkowe są bardziej innowacyjne? Przegląd badań empirycznych w Polsce i na świecie
Authors:   Wydział Prawa i Nauk Społecznych, Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Rudawska Joanna
Published: July 2021

Purpose – The aim of the article is to review the research on the functioning of companies in technology parks and to try to answer the question whether companies located in such institutions are more competitive and innovative than those outside innovation centers, such as technology parks. Research method – The article uses the results of literature studies on the subject, the results of the author’s previous research, as well as observations of economic practice in the field of technology parks in Poland. Literature studies were used as the basic research method. Results – The summary of the research results does not provide unequivocal results as to whether companies located in technology parks are more innovative, competitive on the market than those outside of them. However, they indicate certain elements that distinguish park companies from others in individual areas and the methods used to study them. Originality /value – The review covers research from around the world and from Poland, compiled for the first time in this respect, including works published after 2000, covering technology parks of the fourth generation of development of such institutions.
Chronic thyroiditis in lateral ectopic thyroid mimicking cervical metastasis of thyroid cancer
Authors: Pederzoli Simone , Salviato Tiziana , Mattioli Francesco , Di Massa Gianluca , Brigante Giulia
Published: July 2021

We present the case of a 45-year-old Caucasian woman who attended the Endocrinology Unit for a left cervical mass discovered during follow-up for autoimmune chronic thyroiditis. The ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the lesion was consistent with a metastasis of follicular thyroid carcinoma. The sonographic neck evaluation revealed no thyroid nodules but three markedly hypoechoic and highly vascularized areas, with irregular margins and hyperechoic spots. In the clinical suspicion of primary thyroid neoplasm, ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of two of the three areas was performed, but both cytological reports were non-diagnostic, revealing only colloid and blood. Subsequently, the patient underwent surgical removal of the cervical mass, with the intra-operatory consultation with frozen section examination suggesting follicular-like neoplasia. For this reason, thyroidectomy with both central and lateral neck dissection was performed. Surprisingly, the final histologic examination revealed chronic thyroiditis in the thyroid specimen and no evidence of metastasis in the left neck mass. Consequently, the pathological revision of the frozen section assessment led to the final diagnosis of chronic thyroiditis on the lateral ectopic thyroid. This case represents an uncommon example of lateral ectopic thyroid tissue with coexisting normally located thyroid tissue both affected by chronic thyroiditis.

Learning points

Ectopic thyroid must be considered in the diagnostic work-up of lateral neck mass.

Even if rare, ectopic thyroid tissue can be found lateral to the carotid sheath and with coexisting normally located thyroid tissue.

As the orthotopic tissue, lateral ectopic thyroid tissue can be affected by chronic thyroiditis, which may complicate the diagnosis both on ultrasound and cytology.
100 YEARS OF INSULIN: A brief history of diabetes genetics: insights for pancreatic beta-cell development and function
Authors: Ikle Jennifer M , Gloyn Anna L
Published: July 2021

Since the discovery of insulin 100 years ago, our knowledge and understanding of diabetes have grown exponentially. Specifically, with regards to the genetics underlying diabetes risk, our discoveries have paralleled developments in our understanding of the human genome and our ability to study genomics at scale; these advancements in genetics have both accompanied and led to those in diabetes treatment. This review will explore the timeline and history of gene discovery and how this has coincided with progress in the fields of genomics. Examples of genetic causes of monogenic diabetes are presented and the continuing expansion of allelic series in these genes and the challenges these now cause for diagnostic interpretation along with opportunities for patient stratification are discussed.
Refrações medievais em Agustina Bessa Luís: Leonor Teles e Lady Macbeth
Authors: Machado Ana
Published: July 2021

O estudo da receção da Idade Média nos séculos ulteriores, sobretudo na sua vertente criativa revela imagens do medieval  e interrogações sobre o tempo presente.  Partindo dos hipotextos medievais, Agustina Bessa-Luís reconfigura a imagem de Leonor Teles através da lente de Lady Macbeth. Na abordagem do conto “D. Leonor Teles”, inserido em  Fama e Segredo na História de Portugal (2006), estudam-se as perceções do passado e interroga-se o sentido, as razões e as modalidades dessa presença medieval no imaginário contemporâneo, sendo certo que, como lembra Gómez Redondo (2006, p. 324), “toda pesquisa del pasado se practica para iluminar con ella el presente; no se ponen en pie estos ‘mundos posibles’ por simple ejercicio de arqueología literaria”. Numa perspetiva comparativa e sob o prisma do medievalismo, conclui-se que a autora concilia a atemporalidade com a referencialidade medieval para representar  Leonor Teles num “sublime negativo” (Bloom, 1997) em que supera Lady Macbeth.
Ambiguidade nas figurações femininas em Ana Teresa Pereira e Cristina Fernández Cubas
Authors: Simões Maria João
Published: July 2021

A ambiguidade e a estranheza presidem à construção das figuras fantásticas de Ana Teresa Pereira e de Cristina Fernández Cubas. As autoras desenham figuras femininas que se confrontam com contextos de poder e jogos de sedução ambivalentes. Através da utilização do “tempo expandido” ou de “tempos convergentes” (segundo D. Roas), ou da utilização de “espaços rizomáticos” (segundo P. García), as personagens enfrentam ocorrências irreais e impossíveis. Pretende-se analisar, em Inverness e El Columpio, como se dá a ver esse apagamento do real nas personagens e também como se constroem as figuras fantásticas, segundo o modelo dual de D. Mellier: fantástico explícito versus fantástico da indeterminação. Proceder-se-á à análise dos efeitos de fantástico atingidos na figuração das personagens femininas, investigar-se-á como os jogos do tempo e do espaço concorrem para a construção dessas figuras e mostrar-se-á como esta figuração questiona a condição feminina, compondo-se em metáfora da construção de subjetividades femininas.
A Tanta Gente, Mariana e o desassossego de Maria Judite Carvalho
Authors: Silva Sara Raquel Duarte Reis da
Published: July 2021

No presente artigo, procura-se, além de divulgar um dos nomes que, conquanto se afigure um dos mais relevantes da História literária portuguesa do século XX, aparentemente, é dos menos lidos na contemporaneidade, Maria Judite de Carvalho (1921-1998), centrar a atenção na sua obra inaugural Tanta Gente, Mariana (1959). Destacam-se as suas mais relevantes singularidades estético-literárias e ideotemáticas, acentuando a sua configuração pessoalíssima, em especial no que diz respeito à espessura verosímil da(s) figura(s) feminina(s), um conjunto de linhas que anunciam já os traços definidores da totalidade da sua escrita.
La traducción del espacio novelesco de Fernando Contreras Castro y su transferencia a la realidad alemana (la estética de la recepción y traducción como factores determinantes en la oposición «literatura universalista-literatura localista»)
Authors: Albaladejo Juan Antonio
Published: July 2021

Se señala la pertinencia, cultural e histórica de las letras costarricenses, y el escaso conocimiento en el entorno europeo. A partir del análisis de la traducción al alemán de la novela Los Peor, de Fernando Contreras, se estudian dos aspectos: la localidad esencial en la discursividad literaria del texto original, y las operaciones respectivas que desde ese mismo punto de vista se ejerce en la traducción. Se comenta como rasgo destacado el efecto de extrañamiento que emite la obra, favorable como expectativa estética en el lector europeo; ello propicia interés literario, traductológico y editorial.Reference i s made to the cultural and historical relevance of Costa Rican literature and the fact that it is not well known in Europe. With the analysis of the German translation of Los Peor by Fernando Contreras, two aspects are addressed: the essential place of the literary discourse of the original text and the respective operations which take place from that same perspective in the translation. One outstanding feature mentioned is the effect of estrangement that this novel conveys; this is considered positive by the European reader and promotes interest from the perspective of literature, translation and publishers.
La recepción del Mamita Yunai de Carlos Luis Fallas en Italia y Francia: entre la proximidad lingüística y la divergencia cultural
Authors: García Albero Javier
Published: July 2021

El siguiente texto intenta ser una aportación a la historia de la traducción. Más concretamente, se analizan aspectos sobre la recepción de Mamita Yunai de Carlos Luis Fallas en Italia y Francia. Con la observación, en un primer estadio, de las condiciones de recepción de la obra en estos países se da una idea sobre el ámbito cultural en que se movieron las traducciones. En una segunda parte, se describen las traducciones (sobre todo, en sus factores culturales) para observar si el patrimonio cultural costarricense se ha mantenido en las versiones francesa e italiana.The following text is intended as a contribution to the history of translation.  Specifically, we will analyze the reception of Mamita Yunai by Carlos Luis Fallas in Italy and France. In the first part, the observation of the conditions of reception of the novel in each of the countries provides an idea about the cultural environment where the translated versions were published. In the second part we will analyze the translations (their cultural elements, in particular) in order to observe whether the Costa Rican cultural heritage has been kept alive in the Italian and French versions.
Dualité ou triplication du protagoniste dans le conte « Histoire d'un mort racontée par lui-même », d’A. Dumas?
Authors: Jiménez Murillo Juan Carlos
Published: July 2021

Cet article prétend analyser la dépersonnalisation chez le protagoniste de la nouvelle « Histoire d’un mort racontée par lui-même » de Dumas, audelà de la simple duplicité, montrant ainsi sa triplicité. Pour le faire, on profitera tout d’abord du parallélisme ou entre rêve et réalité pour explorer sa triple identité à partir de son expérience onirique : vivant-endormi-mort. Deuxièmement, cette division s’accouplant au triptyque freudien du moi, du ça et du surmoi, on montrera son fractionnement psychique. C’est dans la convergence de ces trois notions psychanalytiques qui surgit la théorie des stades du miroir de René Zazzo comme le troisième critère permettant de focaliser la triplicité de ce héros.
Compensación humana de déficits de la traducción automática
Authors: Aguilar-Amat Anna , Torres-Hostench Olga
Published: July 2021

In the context of the transition from the information society to cyber-humanism, the human-machine relationship is explored from a user-centered psycho-translational perspective. Understanding the reasons for machine translation (MT) errors by expanding linguistic-cognitive awareness allows us to optimize message reception. Based on real examples of MT use, three types of users are distinguished and a novel nuance is formulated of the concept of 'compensation' (cognitive empathy) that completes Jakobson's communication scheme. Active and proactive cognitive-empathetic responses to MT errors are a key factor in multilingual communication.
Traducción al inglés de «Abbott y Costello», de Sergio Ramírez: una perspectiva terminológica
Authors: Chaves Fernández Lindsay , Sevilla Morales Henry
Published: July 2021

The current paper proposes an English translation of the short story “Abbott y Costello”, by the Nicaraguan Sergio Ramírez. To this end, a terminological approach was used in the selection, search in equivalent texts, and English translation of 50 complex terms, based on the recommendations in Sherry E. Gapper’s Manual de gestión terminológica. In addition, a translation-based analysis is presented for the selected terms, along with concluding remarks. Implications for theory and practice are also discussed and recommendations for literary translation are provided.
Laureano Segovia: Literatura de tradición oral y resistencia política en la cultura nolhamelh
Authors: Rivera Giardinaro Pamela Rosa Amelia
Published: July 2021

La cultura indígena nolhamelh (wichí), en el territorio perteneciente a la región del Gran Chaco sudamericano, cuenta con una memoriacolectiva que, a lo largo del siglo XX, ha ido integrando la expresión escrita en coexistencia con la oralidad. Aquí me centro en los librosOlhamel Otichunhayaj. Nuestra memoria (1998) y Olhamel ta ohapehen wichi. Nosotros, los Wichí (2011) del escritor Laureano Segovia para dar cuenta de una literatura de tradición oral (Espino Relucé, 2010) que incluye el registro testimonial elaborado por el autor junto a una palabra literaria propia. Así también, esta producción continúa la elaboración de la identidad colectiva nolhamelh tematizando la relación conflictiva con el hombre blanco o criollo, el vínculo con la tierra/naturaleza y la importancia de la lengua originaria como formas actuales de resistencia cultural (Calveiro, 2018). Por ello, puede hablarse de una expresión más dentro del marco de las literaturas alternativas (Lienhard, 1992)en Latinoamérica.
Stability of solutions of Caputo fractional stochastic differential equations
Authors: Xiao Guanli , Wang JinRong
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we study the stability of Caputo-type fractional stochastic differential equations. Stochastic stability and stochastic asymptotical stability are shown by stopping time technique. Almost surly exponential stability and pth moment exponentially stability are derived by a new established Itô’s formula of Caputo version. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the main results.
ВЕНЧУРНИЙ БІЗНЕС В УКРАЇНІ ТА ЦИФРОВІ ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ХАБИ ЯК ІНСТИТУТ ЙОГО РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: ДИБА Михайло , ГЕРНЕГО Юлія
Published: July 2021

Експертні дослідження свідчать, що посилення тенденцій цифровізації, зокрема, застосування цифрових технологій у процесі розвитку інноваційного бізнесу в країнах Європи, дозволить додатково отримувати понад 110 млрд євро щороку протягом наступних п’яти років. Профільні фахівці зазначають, що подібні цифрові трансформації доцільно впроваджувати на базі спеціалізованих екосистем –– хабів, учасниками яких є широкий спектр стартапів, представники малого і середнього бізнесу, науковці та дослідники, консультанти з питань цифровізації та управління цифровим бізнесом, представники великого бізнесу, акселератори та інвестори. Спільна діяльність усіх цих суб’єктів формує синергетичний ефект для інноваційного розвитку.В основу розвитку венчурного бізнесу покладено залучення належного обсягу фінансових ресурсів, а також ряд інших консультаційних і менторських послуг. Однак специфіка такої підтримки залежить від етапу, на якому перебуває венчурний бізнес. Посівний раунд фінансування характеризується потужним фінансовим ризиком для безпосередніх інвесторів, що зумовлено поверненням інвестицій та отриманням прибутку лише в довгостроковій перспективі. Натомість саме на початковому етапі створення венчурного бізнесу часто виникають проблеми організаційного характеру, пов’язані з оформленням бізнес-планів і остаточним добором команди, зокрема, налагодженням цифрових компетенцій. У межах раундів А і В відбувається підтримка венчурного бізнесу, який уже має готовий інноваційний продукт і певну аудиторію користувачів-ентузіастів. Однак при цьому виникає нагальна потреба в комерціалізації інновації. Венчурний стартапер усе ще має проблеми з монетизацією результатів своєї діяльності, розбудовою концепції інноваційного продукту-лідера.Масштабування виробництва інноваційної продукції вимагає значних удосконалень, пов’язаних з додатковими маркетинговими дослідженнями пріоритетів цільової аудиторії на глобальному рівні, необхідністю бізнес-планування. Цифровий інноваційний хаб виступає платформою для формування синергічних кроссекторальних партнерств, що закладають основу для розбудови інноваційного бізнесу.
УПРАВЛІННЯ ОСВОЄНИМ ОБСЯГОМ: КЕЙС МОНІТОРИНГУ ВИКОНАННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ЦІЛЬОВОЇ ПРОГРАМИ В МЕДИЧНІЙ СФЕРІ
Authors: АЗАРОВА Ірина
Published: July 2021

Розглянуто практичні засади використання методу управління освоєним обсягом проєктів публічної сфери на прикладі моніторингу реалізації Загальнодержавної цільової соціальної програми протидії захворюванню на туберкульоз на 2012––2016 роки. Розкрито сутність цього методу, досліджено основні напрями та галузі його використання в проєктному менеджменті такими установами, як Міністерство оборони і Міністерство транспорту США, NASA. При цьому зазначено, що метод не згадується в жодному методичному документі з розробки та моніторингу виконання вітчизняних цільових програм. Отже, з метою обґрунтування доцільності використання методу управління освоєним обсягом для контролю та моніторингу виконання проєктних дій в публічному секторі України продемонстровано практичний приклад його використання для контролю за витратами в ході виконання вітчизняної державної цільової програми. Для цього планові та звітні показники Загальнодержавної цільової соціальної програми протидії захворюванню на туберкульоз порівнюються з базовими показниками методу освоєного обсягу і на їх основі отримано прогнозні значення необхідних показників за допомогою побудови лінії тренда в Microsoft Excel. Одержані прогнозні значення проаналізовано за параметром відхилення від фактичних показників виконання даної програми. Доведено, що отримані на базі лінії тренда прогнозні моделі здатні адекватно описувати динаміку виконання проєктних робіт у публічному секторі, у тому числі й прогнозування можливих обсягів їх фінансування. Визначено подальші перспективи використання методу управління освоєним обсягом для моніторингу і контролю виконання проєктів і програм у публічній сфері.
Variation in Intravenous Acetaminophen Use in Pediatric Hospitals: Priorities for Standardization
Authors: Toomey Vanessa , Randolph Adrienne , Bourgeois Florence , Graham Dionne
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVES

The primary objective was to evaluate hospital variation in intravenous (IV) acetaminophen use across pediatric patient populations. The secondary objective was to identify populations with high use of IV acetaminophen and wide variation in practice to identify priority areas for cost reduction and practice standardization.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective study of children ≤18 years old hospitalized in 2019 in 48 US pediatric hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System. Primary measures included IV acetaminophen use (percentage of encounters) and total days of therapy (DOT). A multivariable analysis identified clinical and demographic factors associated with IV acetaminophen use. High-priority groups for practice standardization were the All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups in the top quartile of DOT, with wide variation of use across hospitals (interquartile range >50%).

RESULTS

Among 866 346 encounters, 14.4% received 1 dose of IV acetaminophen with 287 935 DOT, costing $29.8 million. In multivariable analysis age, payer, surgical procedure, ICU admission, total parenteral nutrition, and case mix index remained significantly associated with IV acetaminophen use. After multivariable adjustment, variation in hospital use ranged from <0.1% to 31% of all encounters. Twenty diagnosis groups accounted for 47% of total DOT (135 910 days) and 48% of cost ($14.2 million). Appendectomy, tonsil and adenoidectomy, and craniotomy were identified as top candidates for standardization efforts.

CONCLUSIONS

We observed large variation in IV acetaminophen use across pediatric hospitals and within diagnosis groups. These diagnoses represent candidates for practice standardization.
Interpreter Use for Limited English Proficiency Patients/Families: A QI Study
Authors: Rajbhandari Prabi , Keith Mary F. , Braidy Roula , Gunkelman Samantha M. , Smith Elizabeth
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Communication is fundamental to high-quality health care. Despite federal requirements to provide interpreters and growing evidence favoring the benefits of interpreter use, providers’ use of interpreters remains suboptimal. In acute care settings, where decisions need to be made rapidly on the basis of changing clinical circumstances, this has proven to be challenging.

METHODS

We designed a quality improvement project using the model for improvement methodology for patients admitted to the pediatric hospital medicine service. A multidisciplinary team developed interventions focused on provider education and leveraging health information technology (IT). We used health IT to improve the identification of families with limited English proficiency, improve access to various modalities of interpreting, standardize workflow to request face-to-face (F2F) interpreters, and create a designated place in the electronic health record for interpreter use documentation. The use of all forms (telephone, video, and F2F) of interpreter service, documentation of interpreter uses, and F2F interpreter overload were tracked monthly for 3 years.

RESULTS

The baseline use of interpreter services for the pediatric hospital medicine inpatient service was 64%. After starting the project, the use of interpreter service increased to 97% and has sustained for more than a year since the project’s completion. The use of F2F interpreters also increased from a baseline of 20% to 54% post intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

We successfully achieved and sustained our goals of improving interpreter use through supportive leadership and a multidisciplinary approach using quality improvement methodology. Future efforts should be focused on defining and standardizing metrics for families with limited English proficiency across institutions and using health IT to improve care.
Trends in Technology Assistance Among Patients With Childhood Onset Chronic Conditions
Authors: Boggs Elizabeth F. , Foster Carolyn , Shah Parag , Goodman Denise M. , Hall Matthew , Garfield Craig F.
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

To describe the prevalence, types, and trends over time of medical technology assistance (TA) in patients at the age of transition to adult care with childhood onset chronic conditions (COCCs) cared for at children’s hospitals.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

In this retrospective repeated annual cross-sectional cohort study of the Pediatric Health Information Systems inpatient data, patients with at least 1 hospitalization from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018 with a selected COCC were included. The COCCs investigated were brain and spinal cord malformation, cerebral palsy, heart and great vessel malformation, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and chronic renal failure. TA was defined as requiring an indwelling medical device to maintain health status. Trends over time in TA were analyzed with the Cochran–Armitage test and generalized linear models.

RESULTS

During the study, 381 289 unique patients accounted for 940 816 hospitalizations. Transition-aged patients (19–21 years old) represented 2.4% of all included hospitalizations over the 11-year period, whereas patients ages 21 and above represented 2.7%. The annual proportion of patients with TA increased significantly from 31.3% in 2008 to 36.9% in 2018, a 17.9% increase (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

In this cohort of patients with select COCCs hospitalized at children’s hospitals, a substantial and growing number of patients at the age of transition to adult care required TA. Identifying adult providers with resources to manage COCCs and maintain medical devices placed in childhood is challenging. These trends warrant special attention to support the timely and successful transition of medically complex patients from pediatric to adult care.
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Testing and Treatment Among Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Desai Sanyukta , Hall Matthew , Lipsett Susan C. , Shah Samir S. , Brogan Thomas V. , Hersh Adam L , Williams Derek J. , Grijalva Carlos G. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Blaschke Anne J. , Neuman Mark I. , Ambroggio Lilliam
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVES

To describe testing and treatment practices for Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) among children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Pediatric Health Information Systems database. We included children 3 months to 18 years old hospitalized with CAP between 2012 and 2018 and excluded children who were transferred from another hospital and those with complex chronic conditions. We examined the proportion of patients receiving Mp testing and macrolide therapy at the hospital level and trends in Mp testing and macrolide prescription over time. At the patient level, we examined differences in demographics, illness severity (eg, blood gas, chest tube placement), and outcomes (eg, ICU admission, length of stay, readmission) among patients with and without Mp testing.

RESULTS

Among 103 977 children hospitalized with CAP, 17.3% underwent Mp testing and 31.1% received macrolides. We found no correlation between Mp testing and macrolide treatment at the hospital level (R2 = 0.05; P = .11). Patients tested for Mp were more likely to have blood gas analysis (15.8% vs 12.8%; P < .1), chest tube placement (1.4% vs 0.8%; P < .1), and ICU admission (3.1% vs 1.4%; P < .1). Mp testing increased (from 15.8% to 18.6%; P < .001), and macrolide prescription decreased (from 40.9% to 20.6%; P < .001) between 2012 and 2018.

CONCLUSIONS

Nearly one-third of hospitalized children with CAP received macrolide antibiotics, although macrolide prescription decreased over time. Clinicians were more likely to perform Mp testing in children with severe illness, and Mp testing and macrolide treatment were not correlated at the hospital level.
Restrictive Eating Disorders: Accelerating Treatment Outcomes in the Medical Hospital
Authors: Brynes Nicole , Tarchichi Tony , McCormick Andrew A. , Downey Amanda
Published: July 2021

Pediatric patients with anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa may present to hospitals with significant vital sign instability or serum laboratory abnormalities necessitating inpatient medical hospitalization. These patients require specialized care, numerous resources, and interdisciplinary collaboration during what can be a protracted admission. Recent evidence informs areas in which care can be accelerated, and published protocols from major children’s hospitals are helpful roadmaps to creating a streamlined hospitalization. In our narrative review, we focused on 3 key areas: (1) implementation of a rapid nutritional rehabilitation program; (2) assessment and management of the refeeding syndrome; and (3) early integration of psychoeducation and therapeutic interventions during inpatient hospitalization. A practical review of the literature in these 3 areas will give concrete, actionable information to pediatric hospitalists as they care for young people with restrictive eating disorders.
Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management Strategies of Neonatal Wound Care
Authors: Amer Yomna , Bridges Catherine , Marathe Kalyani
Published: July 2021

Guidelines for neonatal skin care are scarce, and there is no consensus on the best management practices for neonatal skin breakdown. This review presents the pathology and phases of wound healing, reasons for neonatal skin fragility, and approaches to recognition of commonly encountered neonatal wounds. This review also provides general strategies for neonatal wound prevention, care, dressing, and management to avoid further damage to the fragile neonatal skin. The importance and role of retaining moisture in expediting wound healing is discussed, as well as updated classifications on how to grade and assess pressure ulcers and the role of negative pressure wound therapy and silver dressings. Lastly, this review discusses prevention and treatment options for surgical wounds, intravenous extravasation wounds, congenital wounds, and thermal injuries, in addition to how to differentiate these wounds from the common diaper dermatitis and contact dermatitis.
Childhood Gun Access, Adult Suicidality, and Crime
Authors: Copeland William E. , Tong Guangyu , Gifford Elizabeth J. , Easter Michele M. , Shanahan Lilly , Swartz Marvin S. , Swanson Jeffrey W.
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVES:

To test the associations of childhood domestic gun access with adult criminality and suicidality.

METHODS:

Analyses were based on a 20+ year prospective, community-representative study of 1420 children, who were assessed up to 8 times during childhood (ages 9–16; 6674 observations) about access to guns in their home. Participants were then followed-up 4 additional times in adulthood (ages 19, 21, 25, and 30; 4556 observations of 1336 participants) about criminality and suicidality.

RESULTS:

During childhood, the 3-month prevalence of having a gun in the home was 55.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52.1%–58.7%). Of the children in homes with guns, 63.3% (95% CI: 59.7%–66.9%) had access to a gun, and 25.0% (95% CI: 21.2%–28.8%) owned a gun themselves. Having gun access as a child was associated with higher levels of adult criminality (odds ratios = 1.1–3.5) and suicidality (odds ratios = 2.9–4.4), even after adjusting for childhood correlates of gun access. Risk of adult criminality and suicidality among those with childhood gun access was greatest in male individuals, those living in urban areas, and children with a history of behavior problems. Even in these groups, however, most children did not display adult criminality or suicidality.

CONCLUSIONS:

Childhood gun access is prospectively associated with later adult criminality and suicidality in specific groups of children.
A statistics-based review of microgrid protection with a concentration on adaptive protection
Authors: Damanjani Amin , Abardeh Mohamad Hosseini , Azarfar Azita , Hojjat Mehrdad
Published: July 2021

Microgrid (MG) is a system of production and distribution of electrical energy that can operate both in grid-connected and islanded modes. This capability leads to significant variations in the fault current level. Moreover, dynamic changes corresponding to the line outage contingencies or outages of the distributed generations (DGs) that are implemented for local generation in the MGs lead to the changes in the fault current level. These changes in the fault current level make some miscoordination between the overcurrent relays (OCRs) in the conventional protection schemes. To overcome this drawback, there is a need for an adaptive protection scheme that can adapt to both operational and dynamic changes and takes effective protection decisions accordingly. This paper first presents a statistic-based review of MG and its protection including total publications, type of publications, the ten most researchers, and the ten most sources. Finally, comprehensive remarks of the 30 most cited papers related to adaptive protection of MG are presented. This paper will help the researchers of the MG protection to learn the most desirable techniques and the concentration of studies in adaptive protection of MGs for future works.
Architectural tunability of mechanical metamaterials in the nanometer range
Authors: Kurpiers Chantal Miriam , Hengsbach Stefan , Schwaiger Ruth
Published: July 2021

Mechanical metamaterials can exhibit extraordinary mechanical properties due to a specific architecture rather than the base material. When the structural dimensions reach the sub-micrometer range, such micro- and nanolattices may also benefit from size-affected mechanical properties. However, well-defined geometric adjustments on this length scale are limited by the resolution limits of the underlying manufacturing technology. Here, we used a 3D direct laser writing (3D-DLW) process with integrated laser power variation to fabricate polymeric microlattices, which were then pyrolized to obtain glassy carbon structures. The laser power was varied by a quadratic function along the beams from one node to another over the length of a unit cell, thus enabling geometric adjustments in the range of a few nanometers. Rounded and notch-like joints were realized by increased and reduced laser power at the nodes, respectively. Furthermore, the beam cross section was varied along the beam length, thereby creating convex or concave beam shapes. A laser power variation opens up new design possibilities for micro- and nanolattices in the sub-micrometer range by overcoming process related limitations.
Recitation: An Alternative Method For Virtual Nahwu Learning
Authors: Akmalia Frida , Faizin Khoirul
Published: July 2021

This research is based on the learning state that requires maximum learning even during the pandemic. The researchers assume that the recitation method in virtual nahwu learning can be used to overcome this problem. Then the researchers conducted an initial study, observation, and conducted experiments in a particular class. With observation, the researchers can examine the implementation of virtual nahwu learning. Whereas with experiments, the researchers found that this method is very relevant and could be an option for virtual nahwu learning at STAI Attanwir. It is evidenced by the results of the experimental class's average values before using this method were 67.94 (experimental) and 66.93 (control). After applying the learning method, it was found that the average value was 85.2 for the experimental group and 74.7 for the control group. This result is helpful as an illustration of the virtual Nahwu learning method and a reference for future researchers.
Os/as robôs têm sexo? Uma análise a partir da categoria de gênero a respeito da representação de mulheres em máquinas
Authors: Ulrich Claudete Beise , Oliveira Vinicius Silva de
Published: July 2021

Os/as robôs estão cada vez mais sofisticados, fazendo parte de nossos cotidianos, nos diferentes contextos. Será que eles/as tem sexo? Se sim, qual será o sexo: masculino, feminino e/ou outro? O presente texto busca refletir sobre esta questão: Se os/as robôs tem sexo? Objetivamos realizar uma análise da relação do ser humano masculino com a máquina/robô a partir da categoria analítica de gênero. Levantamos uma discussão sobre os/as sexbots, e como esses robôs refletem antigos arquétipos em relação ao papel das mulheres na sociedade ocidental. Consideramos que este tema necessita ser refletido e aprofundado, numa perspectiva ética feminista, pois as mulheres continuam sendo coisificadas e submetidas, nas relações seres humanos-máquinas.