bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Customized interpretation workflow for simultaneous assessment of unconventional shale-gas reservoirs and conventional reservoirs using seismic and log data
Authors: Harilal
Published: August 2016

The same geophysical and geologic data have been interpreted for both unconventional shale-gas and conventional sandstone reservoirs simultaneously by framing and using a customized workflow. Customization was needed because of property differences between the two types of resources. Unconventional shale reservoirs differ significantly from conventional reservoirs in depositional environment, diagenesis, physical properties, and production techniques. Magnitudes and patterns of reservoir properties (e.g., velocity, resistivity, radioactivity, porosity, permeability, etc.) of shales differ significantly from those of sandstone/carbonate reservoirs. In a conventional play, we generally search for intervals with relatively low gamma, high resistivity, and low neutron porosity, whereas in shale gas we search for intervals with very high gamma, relatively higher resistivity than lean shales, low velocity, and very high neutron porosity. Production from shales is largely due to horizontal drilling, hydrofracturing, and stimulations. The shale-gas reservoir properties are governed mainly by organic richness and its thermal maturation. Organic material has significant impact on the elastic/petrophysical properties, which are manifested in log and seismic responses. Thus, identification and mapping of shale-gas reservoirs is based mainly on mapping of total organic carbon- (TOC) rich zones. The customized workflow was developed for identification of shale-dominant intervals and organic-rich-zones within them by integrating log and seismic data. Shales generally show low-amplitude signals, and internal reflection configurations are not easily identified. Seismic data conditioning and seismic attributes, e.g., phase and perigram, were applied for internal geometry mapping. Once shale-gas markers were identified, mapping of shale boundary, depth, thickness, and areal extent was done similarly to conventional plays. Sweet spots were identified by generating and analyzing log-property volumes like impedance, sonic, resistivity, and neutron porosity. Natural fractures, which are helpful in designing well trajectory, were mapped through geometric seismic attributes like curvature and dip azimuth. This study has enhanced geologic understanding and, hence, mappability of shale-gas plays along with conventional plays. The customized workflow is applicable in all stages of shale-gas-play exploration and development.
SEGJ concludes successful symposium on geophysical imaging, interpretation
Authors: Matsushima Jun
Published: August 2016

The Society of Exploration Geophysicists of Japan (SEGJ) hosted its 12th International Symposium 18–20 November 2015 at the Ito International Research Center at the University of Tokyo, Japan. The symposium, which focused on geophysical imaging and interpretation, was cosponsored by nine collaborative societies: SEG, the Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists (ASEG), the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS), the Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society (EEGS), the European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers (EAGE), the Indonesian Association of Geophysicists (HAGI), the Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysicists (KSEG), the Chinese Society of Petroleum Geophysicists (SPE), and the Vietnam Association of Geophysics (VAG). The symposium welcomed 105 delegates from 14 countries, including Australia, Canada, Finland, Indonesia, Italy, Malaysia, Mongolia, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation, Singapore, Thailand, and the United States.
Lymph Node Count From Neck Dissection Predicts Mortality in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Divi Vasu , Chen Michelle M. , Nussenbaum Brian , Rhoads Kim F. , Sirjani Davud B. , Holsinger F. Christopher , Shah Jennifer L. , Hara Wendy
Published: August 2016

Purpose

Multiple smaller studies have demonstrated an association between overall survival and lymph node (LN) count from neck dissection in patients with head and neck cancer. This is a large cohort study to examine these associations by using a national cancer database.

Patients and Methods

The National Cancer Database was used to identify patients who underwent upfront nodal dissection for mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma between 2004 and 2013. Patients were stratified by LN count into those with < 18 nodes and those with ≥ 18 nodes on the basis of prior work. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was constructed to predict hazard of mortality. Stratified models predicted hazard of mortality both for patients who were both node negative and node positive.

Results

There were 45,113 patients with ≥ 18 LNs and 18,865 patients with < 18 LNs examined. The < 18 LN group, compared with the ≥ 18 LN group, had more favorable tumor characteristics, with a lower proportion of T3 and T4 lesions (27.9% v 39.8%), fewer patients with positive nodes (46.6% v 60.5%), and lower rates of extracapsular extension (9.3% v 15.1%). Risk-adjusted Cox models predicting hazard of mortality by LN count showed an 18% increased hazard of death for patients with < 18 nodes examined (hazard ratio [HR] 1.18; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.22). When stratified by clinical nodal stage, there was an increased hazard of death in both groups (node negative: HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.32; node positive: HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.19).

Conclusion

The results of our study demonstrate a significant overall survival advantage in both patients who are clinically node negative and node positive when ≥ 18 LNs are examined after neck dissection, which suggests that LN count is a potential quality metric for neck dissection.
Mindful Economics: The Production, Consumption, and Value of Beliefs
Authors: Bénabou Roland , Tirole Jean
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we provide a perspective into the main ideas and findings emerging from the growing literature on motivated beliefs and reasoning. This perspective emphasizes that beliefs often fulfill important psychological and functional needs of the individual. Economically relevant examples include confidence in ones' abilities, moral self-esteem, hope and anxiety reduction, social identity, political ideology, and religious faith. People thus hold certain beliefs in part because they attach value to them, as a result of some (usually implicit) tradeoff between accuracy and desirability. In a sense, we propose to treat beliefs as regular economic goods and assets—which people consume, invest in, reap returns from, and produce, using the informational inputs they receive or have access to. Such beliefs will be resistant to many forms of evidence, with individuals displaying non-Bayesian behaviors such as not wanting to know, wishful thinking, and reality denial.
A Skeptical View of the National Science Foundation's Role in Economic Research
Authors: Cowen Tyler , Tabarrok Alex
Published: August 2016

We can imagine a plausible case for government support of science based on traditional economic reasons of externalities and public goods. Yet when it comes to government support of grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF) for economic research, our sense is that many economists avoid critical questions, skimp on analysis, and move straight to advocacy. In this essay, we take a more skeptical attitude toward the efforts of the NSF to subsidize economic research. We offer two main sets of arguments. First, a key question is not whether NSF funding is justified relative to laissez-faire, but rather, what is the marginal value of NSF funding given already existing government and nongovernment support for economic research? Second, we consider whether NSF funding might more productively be shifted in various directions that remain within the legal and traditional purview of the NSF. Such alternative focuses might include data availability, prizes rather than grants, broader dissemination of economic insights, and more. Given these critiques, we suggest some possible ways in which the pattern of NSF funding, and the arguments for such funding, might be improved.
What Can We Learn from Charter School Lotteries?
Authors: Chabrier Julia , Cohodes Sarah , Oreopoulos Philip
Published: August 2016

We take a closer look at what can be learned about charter schools by pooling data from lottery-based impact estimates of the effect of charter school attendance at 113 schools. On average, each year enrolled at one of these schools increases math scores by 0.08 standard deviations and English/language arts scores by 0.04 standard deviations relative to attending a counterfactual public school. There is wide variation in impact estimates. To glean what drives this variation, we link these effects to school practices, inputs, and characteristics of fallback schools. In line with the earlier literature, we find that schools that adopt an intensive "No Excuses” attitude towards students are correlated with large positive effects on academic performance, with traditional inputs like class size playing no role in explaining charter school effects. However, we highlight that No Excuses schools are also located among the most disadvantaged neighborhoods in the country. After accounting for performance levels at fallback schools, the relationship between the remaining variation in school performance and the entire No Excuses package of practices weakens. No Excuses schools are effective at raising performance in neighborhoods with very poor performing schools, but the available data have less to say on whether the No Excuses approach could help in nonurban settings or whether other practices would similarly raise achievement in areas with low-performing schools. We find that intensive tutoring is the only No Excuses characteristic that remains significant (even for nonurban schools) once the performance levels of fallback schools are taken into account.
Drosophila's contribution to stem cell research
Authors: Singh Gyanesh
Published: August 2016

The discovery ofDrosophilastem cells with striking similarities to mammalian stem cells has brought new hope for stem cell research. Recent developments inDrosophilastem cell research is bringing wider opportunities for contemporary stem cell biologists. In this regard,Drosophilagerm cells are becoming a popular model of stem cell research. In several cases, genes that controlledDrosophilastem cells were later discovered to have functional homologs in mammalian stem cells. Like mammals,Drosophilagermline stem cells (GSCs) are controlled by both intrinsic as well as external signals. Inside theDrosophilatestes, germline and somatic stem cells form a cluster of cells (the hub). Hub cells depend on JAK-STAT signaling, and, in absence of this signal, they do not self-renew. InDrosophila, significant changes occur within the stem cell niche that contributes to a decline in stem cell number over time. In case of agingDrosophila, somatic niche cells show reduced DE-cadherin and unpaired (Upd) proteins. Unpaired proteins are known to directly decrease stem cell number within the niches, and, overexpression ofupdwithin niche cells restored GSCs in older males also . Stem cells in the midgut ofDrosophilaare also very promising. Reduced Notch signaling was found to increase the number of midgut progenitor cells. On the other hand, activation of the Notch pathway decreased proliferation of these cells. Further research in this area should lead to the discovery of additional factors that regulate stem and progenitor cells inDrosophila.
Syphilis may be a confounding factor, not a causative agent, in syphilitic ALS
Authors: Tuk Bert
Published: August 2016

Based upon a review of published clinical observations regarding syphilitic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), I hypothesize that syphilis is actually a confounding factor, not a causative factor, in syphilitic ALS. Moreover, I propose that the successful treatment of ALS symptoms in patients with syphilitic ALS using penicillin G and hydrocortisone is an indirect consequence of the treatment regimen and is not due to the treatment of syphilis. Specifically, I propose that the observed effect is due to the various pharmacological activities of penicillin G (e.g., a GABA receptor antagonist) and/or the multifaceted pharmacological activity of hydrocortisone. The notion that syphilis may be a confounding factor in syphilitic ALS is highly relevant, as it suggests that treating ALS patients with penicillin G and hydrocortisone—regardless of whether they present with syphilitic ALS or non-syphilitic ALS—may be effective at treating this rapidly progressive, highly devastating disease.
Reconstruction of defects in elastic bodies by combination of genetic algorithm and finite element method
Authors: Solovyev Arkady N , Shevtsov Mikhail Y.
Published: August 2016

Modeling of the non-destructive testing system of defects in solids is performed. Specifically, the inverse geometric problems of the elasticity theory for a flat rectangular area on reconstructing circular cavities and cracks breaking the body surface are considered. Additional information for solving these problems is a setting of the first four natural resonance frequencies. The inverse problem solution is based on the minimization of the residual functional between the measured input source information and the data calculated during the numerical solution of direct problems with the given parameters of defects. As a tool for solving direct problems, the finite element method implemented in FlexPDE program is used. The functional minimization is carried out by using a genetic algorithm (GA) implemented in the developed GAFEMNDT program. The program algorithm and GA settings used in the numerical experiments are described. The experiments results on determining parameters of defects (coordinates of centre, radius, coordinates of surface cracking and its size) are presented. The results demonstrate adequacy of the additional information to overcome the problem ill-posedness, as well as high efficiency of the proposed algorithm both in accuracy of detecting defects parameters, and in their search speed.
Study of access template to graphics engine GM effect on the performance
Authors: Arzumanyan RomanV. . , Sukhinov Alexander I.
Published: August 2016

The work objective is to study the effect of the graphical processor unit computational cores load level and memory access pattern on the memory bus bandwidth and scaling acceleration. The research subject is the problem of scalability of the parallel computing performance and acceleration. The following hypothesis is checked: while processing images for multi-core shared-memory systems, Gustafson - Barsis’s law is more crucial than the memory access template at the underloading of the GPU cores. The research methodology is a computational experiment with further analysis of the obtained results. The conclusions are as follows. The suggested hypothesis is proved. For that, a series of experiments on various heterogeneous computational systems with OpenCL standard support is conducted. The application field of the results obtained includes the development of algorithms and software for the highly parallel computer systems. The memory access template starts to place certain restrictions on the algorithm efficiency only when the load level of the computational cores is sufficient. Video cards with the private memory show more stable results in comparison to those which share memory with the central processing unit.
Applicability of elite samples in solving the traveling salesman problem by Goldberg model
Authors: Kobak Valery G. , Rudova Irma S.
Published: August 2016

The work objective is to study a critical traveling salesman problem which is NP complicated task of the discrete optimization. It is shown that only heuristics is appropriate in achieving this goal. The result of the ant colony algorithm (ACA) and genetic algorithm (GA) sharing is presented for the problem solution. The point is that the problem is solved using only mutations of various types (without crossover). The investigated GA is improved by the elitist strategy. The testing is done on graphs of the middle and large dimension. An “elite” sample obtained by the ACA is improved by a mean of 11%. It is shown that the efficiency of the genetic algorithm depends directly on the number of ants in the generation, and on the number of algorithm iterations. Target function values are improved more than twofold after the introduction of the elitist strategy. Increasing the number of ACA runs raises the efficiency of the algorithm by approximately 2%.
Study of kinetic performance effect on wheel and rail wear using computer simulation
Authors: Limarenko Nikolay V. , Zharov Victor P. , Panov Yury V , Shapoval Boris G
Published: August 2016

A perspective method of disinfecting liquids and spreads in agriculture is considered. The principle of the method is about an integral physical and chemical impact of the rotating alternating electromagnetic field. The implementation of the proposed method is carried out in the electromechanical activator which is an inductor. The purpose of the research is to obtain mathematic models that are able to assess quantitatively the effect of the inductor mass on the parameters featuring the inductor performance quality. Current intensity, reactive power, total electric power in the inductor circuit, and magnetic induction, are chosen as such parameters. Methods of the instrumental measurement, statistic treatment and analogue-to-digital data conversion are used. The research results are presented by the mathematic dependences which can be used for designing new inductors.
The Effectiveness of the Internal Control During the Crisis
Authors: Фазульянова  , Fazulyanova Zulfiya
Published: August 2016

Th is article describes the approaches to internal control in the crisis phenomena in the economy. Th e areas of internal control, allowing increasing its eff ectiveness in crisis conditions are highlighted.
What are the Usage Dimensions of Open?
Authors: Archambault Eric , Dempsey Lorcan , Erdmann Christopher , Fulton Stephanie , Magnoni Dee , McElroy Emily , Nurnberger Amy , Strader Ginger , Van Woert Michael
Published: August 2016

What are the usage-related challenges currently faced by open efforts? For instance, open data is intriguing in principle, but in reality, making underlying data open can be problematic, conflicting with the need for research secrecy (whether driven by the desire to be first to publish, or the desire of funders to hold onto data to protect future discovery potential), the potential for misinterpretation by other researchers, and so on. Publishing clinical trial data in open formats is also intriguing but would run afoul of many current consent agreements, particularly older consents. Open access is similarly challenged in some instances by a conflict between which version of papers is allowed appear in open repositories. What is the value of archiving non-final versions? What are the range of issues here, what are the perspectives, and what might be some possible solutions?
Report from the "Who Decides?" Workgroup
Authors: Anderson Ivy , DeSart Mel , Ean Lee Cheng , Gaillard Remi , Gibbons Susan , Huftalen Adam , Lippincott Joan , Mele Salvatore , Schimmer Ralf , Stine Deborah , Vaughan John
Published: August 2016

Who decides the future of open access, or, rather, who has the power to make decisions that can affect the future of open access? We believe that large scale, transformative, and inclusive progress on these questions can transpire when several entities, each with different complementary powers, convene to collaborate on win-win solutions. We offer three examples of such possible scenarios: the way scholars are evaluated, the way some innovations in scholarly publishing can be nurtured, and the way global cooperation can transform existing journals to open access.OSI2016 Workgroup QuestionTied to [the] question of who should decide the future of open access, who should have the power to make changes to scholarly publishing practices? Do these powers flow from publishers, institutions, tenure committees, funding agencies, authors, or all of the above? All of the above? None of the above? What are the pros, cons, and consequences of different institutions and interest groups developing and implementing their own solutions (even the one-off variety)? Is federal oversight needed? Global coordination (through an organization like UNESCO)?
Clinical Decision Support: a 25 Year Retrospective and a 25 Year Vision
Authors: Sittig D. F. , Wright A. , Middleton B.
Published: August 2016

Objective: The objective of this review is to summarize the state of the art of clinical decision support (CDS) circa 1990, review progress in the 25 year interval from that time, and provide a vision of what CDS might look like 25 years hence, or circa 2040. Method: Informal review of the medical literature with iterative review and discussion among the authors to arrive at six axes (data, knowledge, inference, architecture and technology, implementation and integration, and users) to frame the review and discussion of selected barriers and facilitators to the effective use of CDS.

Result: In each of the six axes, significant progress has been made. Key advances in structuring and encoding standardized data with an increased availability of data, development of knowledge bases for CDS, and improvement of capabilities to share knowledge artifacts, explosion of methods analyzing and inferring from clinical data, evolution of information technologies and architectures to facilitate the broad application of CDS, improvement of methods to implement CDS and integrate CDS into the clinical workflow, and increasing sophistication of the end-user, all have played a role in improving the effective use of CDS in healthcare delivery.

Conclusion: CDS has evolved dramatically over the past 25 years and will likely evolve just as dramatically or more so over the next 25 years. Increasingly, the clinical encounter between a clinician and a patient will be supported by a wide variety of cognitive aides to support diagnosis, treatment, care-coordination, surveillance and prevention, and health maintenance or wellness.
Kalėjimų ir kitų pataisos įstaigų perpildymas – Lenkijos bausmių vykdymo politikos problema
Authors: Nawój Aldona
Published: August 2016

Straipsnyje nurodoma, kad pagal dabar galiojančių teisės aktų nuostatas Lenkijoje vienam kaliniui ar laikinai sulaikytam ar suimtam asmeniui yra skiria­mi trys kvadratiniai metrai ploto patalpos, kurioje asmuo yra laikomas – Lenkija yra viena iš Europos valstybių, kuriose šis plotas yra mažiausias; nuo 2000 m. šis skaičius nuolat mažėja ir dėl nuolatinio kalėjimų ir kitų pataisos įstaigų populiacijos didėji­mo. Pateikiami kalėjimų ir kitų pataisos įstaigų per­pildymo tendenciją rodantys statistikos duomenys. Pabrėžiama, kad kalėjimų ir kitų pataisos įstaigų perpildymas pažeidžia Europos žmogaus teisių ir pa­grindinių laisvių apsaugos konvencijos 3 straipsnį; nėra tinkamai vykdoma asmenų, atliekančių bausmę tokiomis sąlygomis, resocializacija, kalinimo sąly­gos lemia negatyvios kalėjimo subkultūros didėjimą ir mažina pozityvių kalinių interakcijų galimybes, pažeidžia žmogaus teises ir sukelia didesnę infekci­nių ligų grėsmę, be to, didina įtampą ir fizinės jėgos vartojimo tarp kalinių bei tarp kalinių ir juos prižiū­rinčio personalo atvejų.Straipsnyje kritikuojama Lenkijos viešoji pozi­cija dėl pasirinktų problemos sprendimo būdų ne­veiksmingumo ir didelių išlaidų (kalėjimų ir kitų pataisos įstaigų perpildymo problemai spręsti siūlo­ma gausinti šių institucijų skaičių, apriboti lygtinio atleidimo nuo laisvės atėmimo bausmės pirma lai­ko taikymo galimybes). Autorė nurodo, kad padėtį Lenkijos penitencinėse institucijose apsunkina ir tai, kad šiuo metu apie 55,419 nuteistųjų realiai neatlie­ka laisvės atėmimo bausmės, nors ji yra jiems pa­skirta – šie asmenys sukuria potencialų kalėjimų ir kitų pataisos įstaigų populiacijos padidėjimą. Auto­rė nurodo, kad kalinimo sąlygų gerinimas, įkalinimo alternatyvų paieška, racionalios Lenkijos baudžia­mosios politikos formavimas būtų tinkamas būdas spręsti kalėjimų ir kitų pataisos įstaigų perpildymo problemą.In dem polnischen Strafvollzugssystem haben Verurteilter und der vorübergehend Inhaftierter ein An­recht auf eine minimale Normwohnzellegröße die 3m² beträgt und somit gehört Polen zu den Staaten, wo die Normgröße am niedrigsten in Europa ist.Zur punikativer Charakter des polnischen Strafsystems hat verursacht Überbelegung in den Strafvoll­zugsanstalten. Die wachsende Überbelegung führte zur drastischer Senkung der Wohnzellfläche zufal­lender auf einen Insassen in den polnischen Strafvollzugsanstalten. Es ist bekannt, dass Überbelegung viele negative Erscheinungen hervorruft. Trotzt den Lösungsversuchen der Regierung, Probleme der Überbelegung in den polnischen Strafvollzugsanstalten zu begegnen, benötigt wird hauptsächlich eine Änderung der Kriminalpolitik des Staates.
Lobizmas ir papirkimas – problemos analizė, remiantis Lenkijos Respublikos baudžiamojo kodekso nuostatomis
Authors: Łukomska Maria
Published: August 2016

Straipsnyje pristatomi įvairių institucijų 2004 m. atlikti korupcijos lygio Lenkijoje tyrimų rezulta­tai, atskleidžiamas lobizmo, kaip demokratinėje visuomenėje teigiamai vertintino proceso, ir papir­kimo – nusikalstamos veikos, numatytos Lenkijos Respublikos baudžiamojo kodekso 230 straipsnio 1 paragrafe, santykis, pateikiant pagrindinius nusikals­tamos veikos – papirkimo – sudėties požymius bei skirtingas Lenkijos teisininkų mokslininkų pozicijas dėl lobizmo esmės.Straipsnyje kritikuojamas Lenkijos lobizmo pro­cesus reguliuojantis įstatymas pirmiausia dėl nusta­tytos per siauros lobizmo sampratos (lobizmas sieja­mas tik su tam tikrų socialinių grupių įtaka įstatymų leidybai), pavyzdiniu pripažįstamas Jungtinių Ame­rikos Valstijų ir Kanados lobizmo reglamentavimo apibrėžimas. Lenkijos lobizmo įstatymas kritikuoja­mas ir dėl to, kad jame expresis verbis nenurodomi veiksmai, nors ir formaliai atitinkantys lobizmo sam­pratą, tačiau nelaikytini lobizmu (remiantis Jungtinių Amerikos Valstijų ir Lietuvos teisinio reglamentavi­mo pavyzdžiais, nurodoma, kad tai yra visuomenės informavimo priemonių savininkų, mokslininkų etc. veikla). Taip pat pažymima, kad Lenkijos lobizmą reglamentuojantis įstatymas nenurodo lobistų teisių ir pareigų, taip pat asmenų, negalinčių būti lobistais, sąrašo; pabrėžiama ir tai, kad nustatytos pernelyg švelnios sankcijos už neteisėtą lobizmo veiklą.This publication is focused on functioning and legal regulation of lobbying in Poland and covers negati­ve and positive aspects of the phenomenon in question. Particular attention will also be paid to studying the corruptive nature of lobbying and requirements provided for by the legal regulations which may be used for the control purposes or in order to make a hidden lobbying revealed.
Subendrintos dalinio bausmių sudėjimo būdu bausmės skyrimas, tinkamai įgyvendinant... nulla poena sine lege principą
Authors: Chlebinskaitė Kristina
Published: August 2016

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos subendrintos bausmės skyrimo taisyklių taikymo problemos, susijusios su tin­kamu nulla poena sine lege principo įgyvendinimu.
Some problems of aggregate punishment are covered in this article in order to implement nulla poena sine lege principle correctly.
Spinal Cord Infarction in Hemoglobin SC Disease as an Amusement Park Accident
Authors: Eid Ryan , Raj Ashok , Farber Darren , Puri Vinay , Bertolone Salvatore
Published: August 2016

Spinal cord infarction (SCI) is extremely rare in children, and only 2 other reports have described the occurrence of SCI in patients with hemoglobin SC disease (HbSC). Amusement park accidents are serious injuries. Patients with preexisting conditions, such as hypertension, cardiac disease, and recent back or neck injuries, may be at an increased risk. We report the case of a 12-year-old girl with HbSC with a past history of only 2 admissions for pain crises, who presented to the emergency department with symptoms of SCI after riding a roller coaster. Fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE) is an increasingly recognized cause of SCI after events that put strain on the axial skeleton, such as many amusement park rides. Although radiologic criteria for FCE have been proposed, FCE remains a diagnosis of exclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of SCI in a patient with HbSC and the first case of FCE after an amusement park accident. This case report highlights that HbSC may confound the differential diagnosis of SCI and aims to document an association with FCE in pediatric patients.
Peyote Woman
Authors: Treat James
Published: August 2016

American Indians and their traditions are a vital nexus of religion and ecology. Even postcolonial native movements that incorporate various Christian traditions are typically grounded in the natural world. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, ethnologist James Mooney happened upon one such phenomenon while conducting research in Indian Territory. Several Southern Plains tribes had taken up the sacramental use of peyote, a small, spineless cactus endemic to the southern Rio Grande Valley and northern Mexico. Various oral accounts attribute the origin of modern peyote religion to a woman. Mooney lrst witnessed Peyote Woman's ceremony in February 1891, when he was invited to a riverside encampment several miles west of Anadarko, Oklahoma. Peyote Woman and her followers made quite an impression on Mooney. Peyote may be the indispensable element of practicing its namesake religion, but the key to understanding and interpreting this tradition is Peyote Woman.
‘Earth Eaters’ and the Spirits of Omama
Authors: Wright Robin M.
Published: August 2016

Davi Kopenawa and Bruce Albert, The Falling Sky: Words of a Yanomami Shaman (trans. Nicholas Elliott and Allison Dundy; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013), xvii + 622 pp. [First published as La chute du ciel: Paroles d’un chaman yanomami (Paris: Plon, 2010)], $39.95 (Harvard); $28.83, ISBN 978-0-674-72468-6.
Seasonal Growth, Biomass Allocation, and Invasive Attributes Manifested by Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Air-Potato) Plants Generated from Bulbils in Florida
Authors: Rayamajhi Min B. , Pratt Paul D. , Tipping Philip W. , Lake Ellen , Smith Melissa , Rohrig Eric , Dray F. Allen , Center Ted D.
Published: August 2016

Dioscorea bulbifera is a serious invader of various ecosystems in Florida, where plants generated by its two morphotypes climb aggressively and smother supporting vegetation. There is a dearth of published research on its invasive biological attributes including vine growth and biomass production by plants generated from bulbils. Herein, we assessed these parameters in common garden studies by planting bulbils from four biomass categories (PBBCs I–IV) of both morphotypes. Vine lengths, longevity-based growth rates (VLGR), biomass, and quantities of leaves and daughter bulbils in both morphotypes showed positive correlation with the biomass of planted parental bulbils. This indicated similarity between corresponding attributes in two morphotypes. Total vine length showed strong positive correlation with VLGR, biomass, and quantities of leaves and bulbils. Overall vine longevity among plants from PBBCs I–IV did not significantly differ whereas the total vine lengths, VLGRs, number of branches, and quantities of leaves and bulbils increased with the biomass of the parental bulbils. Plants recruited by smaller bulbils allocated more biomass to leaves and tubers compared to stems and bulbils, whereas the plants recruited by larger bulbils allocated more biomass to leaves and bulbils compared to tubers and stems. Higher proportion of biomass allocation to leaves and bulbils presumably ensures immediate faster growth, longer vines, and a greater number of daughter bulbils for future recruitment of new plants. Vine length (associated with faster growth rate, capable of blanketing supporting structures and producing large quantities of bulbils) has been noted as the primary invasive biological attribute that facilitates D. bulbifera's status as a noxious exotic weed in Florida. Control measure that can reduce vine length should reduce or eliminate the invasive behavior of D. bulbifera in Florida.
Identifying urban zonal preferences: planners' perspective
Authors: Petkar Arati Siddharth , Macwan Joel E. M.
Published: August 2016

Residential location preferences depend on diversified sets of physical, social and economic parameters with highly non-linear interconnections. Factors governing residential location preferences may broadly be grouped as sociocultural, socio-economic, socio-demographic, spatial and geographical. Each of these factors incorporates a wide range of parameters that characterise residential location preference to a varying degree of significance, such as monthly household income, family size, religion, cost and so on. Estimating rapid, yet accurate, residential location requires identification of the most significant factors governing preference. Thus, a concept of extracting significant parameters and identifying their importance is carried out using the analytical hierarchy process introduced herein. Further, the most preferred zone to live is identified using the technique of order preference by similarity to ideal solution from urban planners' perspective. The study area is from the most potential developing country of the world: India. A novel application of the multi-criteria decision-making technique to residential location preferences, a complex problem in urban planning, is presented.
Did the Founding of the Federal Reserve Affect the Vulnerability of the Interbank System to Systemic Risk?
Authors: Carlson Mark , Wheelock David C.
Published: August 2016

As a result of legal restrictions on branch banking, an extensive interbank system developed in the United States during the 19th century to facilitate interregional payments and flows of liquidity and credit. Vast sums moved through the interbank system to meet seasonal and other demands, but the system also transmitted shocks during banking panics. The Federal Reserve was established in 1914 to reduce reliance on the interbank market and correct other defects that caused banking system instability. Drawing on recent theoretical work on interbank networks, we examine how the Fed’s establishment affected the system’s resilience to solvency and liquidity shocks and whether these shocks might have been contagious. We find that the interbank system became more resilient to solvency shocks but less resilient to liquidity shocks as banks sharply reduced their liquidity after the Fed’s founding. The industry’s response illustrates how the introduction of a lender of last resort can alter private behavior in a way that increases the likelihood that the lender will be needed.
LA CENTRALITÉ LINGUISTIQUE DU FRANÇAIS DANS L’AFFICHAGE PUBLICITAIRE À MÉDÉA EN ALGÉRIE
Authors: HAMIDI Djamel
Published: August 2016

RÉSUMÉ. Ce travail s’attache à approcher l’affichage publicitaire de point de vue sociolinguistique. Plus précisément, Il s’agit de voir les langues en présence dans l’espace urbain de Médéa. Pour ce faire, sur le plan théorique, nous avons inscrit notre objet d’étude dans le champ de la sociolinguistique urbaine, discipline qui questionne les pratiques sociolangagières dans leur complexité. Sur le plan méthodologique, nous nous appuyons sur un corpus constitué d’affiches publicitaires. Par le biais de ce corpus, nous focalisons notre attention, d’abord, sur la distribution des langues en contexte urbain ; puis, nous nous intéressons à la place de la langue française dans le paysage graphique urbain. Notre intérêt est donc de vérifier le poids des langues affichées dans la ville de Médéa.

 

Mots-clés : appropriation, langue, sociolinguistique.

ABSTRACT. This work deals with the urban publicity boards from a sociolinguistic point of view. Mainly, it does deal with the languages presented in urban places of Médéa town. For that, theoretically, we have chosen to subscribe our object of study under the urban sociolinguistic field. This later studies sociolinguistic practices with their various complexities. From a methodological side, we have chosen a corpus consists of billboards. Using that corpus, we have focused first on the distribution of the languages on urban spaces, and after that, we have dealt with the place of French in this urban area. So, our objective is to know the value of all the languages in the city of médéa.

 

Keywords: appropriation, language, sociolinguistic.
RÉÉCRITURE ET APPROPRIATION DES TECHNIQUES RÉDACTIONNELLES DES ÉCRITS PROFESSIONNELS
Authors: KOAMA Clément
Published: August 2016

RÉSUMÉ. Cet article présente les résultats d’analyse d’une activité de réécriture en contexte universitaire. Au regard de ses préoccupations préprofessionnelles, le français sur objectifs universitaires accorde une grande importance à l’apprentissage de la rédaction des écrits professionnels. Toutefois, la bonne maîtrise de ces écrits est tributaire de la qualité des activités d’apprentissage proposées. La recherche de cette qualité oriente sans cesse vers l’exploration de nouvelles pistes. L’activité dont les résultats sont ici exposés mesure la plus-value de la réécriture en termes d’appropriation des techniques rédactionnelles du rapport, à partir de productions réécrites de manière collaborative.

 

Mots-clés: apprentissage, didactique de l’écrit, rédaction professionnelle, réécriture.

ABSTRACT. This article presents the results of analysis of a university context rewriting activity. In relation to its pre-vocational concerns, French for academic purposes attaches great importance to learning the writing of professional writing. However, tight control of these writings is dependent on the quality of the proposed learning activities. The research of this quality oriented continually towards exploring new avenues. The activity whose results are here exposed measure the added value of rewriting in terms of ownership drafting the report techniques, from productions rewritten collaboratively.

 

Keywords: Learning, teaching of writing, professional writing, rewriting.
BACK MATTER
Authors: Editor IJAL
Published: August 2016

Subject Index, Author Index, Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement, IJAL SUbscription Form, Note for Contributors
FEMTOSPEX Molecules and Surfaces: Electron spectroscopy setup for time-resolved laser-pump/ X-ray-probe experiments at BESSY II
Authors: Sorgenfrei Florian
Published: August 2016

The flexible end station “FEMTOSPEX Molecules and Surfaces”, which will enable time resolved photoemission studies in the future at HZB, is presented.
PARASITOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF CONTAMINATION AT SAND OF BEACHES AND MONITORING BY TRADITIONAL METHODS AND IMMUNOENZYMATIC ASSAY
Authors: Amaral L. S. , Duarte A. N. , Silva V. L. , Pinna L. C. L. , Sotero-Martins A.
Published: August 2016

Intestinal helminths are among the pathogens most often found in humans and can result in serious pathological, such as visceral larva migrans syndrome. Domestic animals serve as the natural hosts, but under certain conditions humans can acquire infection, developing an atypical cycle. Thus, the contamination for animal droppings in public spaces, such as beaches, poses risk factor in the transmission, increasing the incidence of these zoonoses. In this context, informations about environmental health is necessary because the monitoring would be the first step for treating unhealthy environments. Therefore, the study monitored the sand of beaches of two islands within Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro state, was carried out by traditional methods (Lutz and Baermann) and the ELISA immunological test, in order to determine the level and the influence of seasonality on this contamination. Among the genera detected, Ascaris sp. and Ancylostoma sp. occurred with greatest frequency, functioning as important biological markers of environmental contamination. The highest frequency of parasite structures occurred in the summer, meaning a greater risk of disease transmission. The results evidence the high level of environmental contamination and the seasonal variations of this contamination. Additionally, the data obtained from ELISA confirm the sensitivity of this technique to detect cysts and oocysts of protozoa in the sand samples analyzed.
DETERMINATION OF SHELF-LIFE OF JABOTICABA´S FRUITS CV. ‘SABARÁ’
Authors: Henrique C.M. , Prati P. , Parisi M. M. C. , Tavares S.
Published: August 2016

The jaboticaba is a fruit tree with great potential, both for fresh consumption, as for industrialization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the shelf-life of jaboticabas’s fruits cv. ‘Sabará’ stored under refrigeration and at room temperature. After harvest, the fruits were washed, screened, packed in plastic trays, in single layer, and stored under refrigeration (5 °C, and 49% UR), and at room temperature (27 ºC, and 33% UR). The determinations performed in triplicate immediately after harvest and every other day, until the disposal of the fruit, were: pH, soluble solids (°Brix), total titratable acidity (% citric acid), total and reducer sugars (%), vitamin C (mg/100g) and phytopathological. The design adopted was entirely randomized, realized the analysis of variance (F test) and comparison of averages by Tukey test to 5% of significance. Under refrigeration, the storage was more than 9 days to 12 days, the fruits showed intense shriveling (loss of moisture), being unsuitable for marketing. The soluble solids remained stable during this period, but there was decrease of pH and the levels of total and reducer sugars, in addition to increased acidity, facts that indicate occurrence of fermentation process. The losses of vitamin C were of the order of 72,5, from 4,952mg/100g in zero time, and 3,593mg/100g at the end of this period. The stored fruits at room temperature were discarded at the beginning of storage, by shriveling, incidence of microorganisms and strange odor.
Research on Building Information Model (BIM) Technology
Authors: Yang Tianqi , Liao Lihui
Published: August 2016

All above this paper is to give the BIM scientific definition, describes the BIM six technical characteristics and points out the essence of BIM Technology, creatively put forward the mature styling BIM seven technical standards, depicting the BIM Technology Development Tools, and other technical fusion development realize the feasibility of the technical route, show the BIM building life cycle management strategies and methods based on, from the two dimensions of qualitative and quantitative, symbiosis is the example of the fused BIM Technology and energy consumption analysis tool. In the realization of green, smart and sustainable design BIM technology advantages to focus attention, the article finally, the BIM technology in China's engineering practice in the application of the prospects for the future.
Time-averaging e suas implicações para o registro fóssil marinho
Authors: Ritter Matias do Nascimento , Erthal Fernando
Published: August 2016

A Tafonomia é uma área da Paleontologia que estuda como a informação biológica é alterada na rota teórica vivo-mortofóssil. Esta ciência tem se tornado cada vez mais quantitativa e se utilizado de estudos em ambientes modernos para generalizar os efeitos ao registro fóssil. Aqui é apresentada uma extensa revisão sobre o processo tafonômico denominado time-averaging, no qualfósseis não contemporâneos são encontrados em uma mesma camada fóssil, com base principalmente em invertebrados marinhos (moluscos). Além dos efeitos ao registro fóssil, são apresentadas as principais variáveis que atuam na formação do registro fóssil em um ambiente marinho de margem passiva.
A modelação aplicada à temática dos riscos naturais: O caso concreto de instituições de ensino superior em Portugal
Authors: Moutinho Sara Batista Gomes , Moura Rui Miguel Marques , Vasconcelos Clara Maria da Silva
Published: August 2016

O recurso à modelação como metodologia de ensino é relevante no processo de recriação e simulação de fenómenos naturais, nomeadamente fenómenos geológicos e ambientais. Pretendendo-se verificar se o recurso à modelação é uma metodologia significativa no sucesso da aprendizagem dos estudantes de riscos naturais do ensino superior português, foram analisadas as fichas das unidades curriculares que abordam temáticas de riscos naturais nas universidades públicas portuguesas, tendo-se optado por selecionar apenas unidades curriculares do primeiro ciclo de estudos – licenciatura. No total foram analisadas, com recurso a uma grade de análise, oito fichas de unidades curriculares, ministradas em sete universidades públicas portuguesas. Asevidências encontradas indicam que nenhum dos documentos em análise contempla a utilização da modelação como metodologia de ensino de temáticas de riscos naturais, predominando um ensino essencialmente tradicional, sobressaindo a necessidade de intervenção ao nível das metodologias de ensino valorizando-se a manipulação e a exploração de modelos no ensino superior.
Static Formation Temperature Prediction Based on Bottom Hole Temperature
Authors: Liu Changwei , Chen Youguang , Jia Lin , Ma Dong , Li Kewen
Published: August 2016

The static formation temperature (SFT) is required to determine the thermophysical properties and production parameters in geothermal and oil reservoirs. However, the SFT is not easy to be obtained by both experimental and physical methods. In this paper, a mathematical approach to predicting SFT based on a new model describing the relationship between bottom hole temperature (BHT) and shut-in time was proposed. The unknown coefficients of the model were derived from least squares fit by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Besides, the ability to predict SFT based on a few BHT data (such as first 3, 4, or 5 ones of a data set) was evaluated. The accuracy of the proposed method to predict SFT was testified with a deviation percentage less than ±4% and high values of regression coefficient R2 (>0.98). The proposed method could be used as a practical tool to predict SFT in both geothermal and oil wells.
Propositions for Confidence Interval in Systematic Sampling on Real Line
Authors: Çankaya Mehmet Niyazi
Published: August 2016

Systematic sampling on real line (R) when using the different probes is very attractive method within which the biomedical imaging is consulted by a surgery, etc. This study is an extension of [16], and an exact calculation method is proposed for the calculation of constant λq of confidence interval for the systematic sampling. If the smoothness constant q of measurement function occurred by slicing the three dimensional object is estimated to be enough small mean square error, we can make the important remarks for the design-based stereology used as a method to get the quantitative results from the tissues and the radiological images. Synthetic data can support the results of real data. The currently used covariogram model proposed by [28] is tested for the different measurement functions to see the performance on the variance estimation. The exact value of constant λq is examined for the different measurement functions as well.
Techno-Economic Modeling and Analysis of Redox Flow Battery Systems
Authors: Noack Jens , Wietschel Lars , Roznyatovskaya Nataliya , Pinkwart Karsten , Tübke Jens
Published: August 2016

A techno-economic model was developed to investigate the influence of components on the system costs of redox flow batteries. Sensitivity analyses were carried out based on a example of a 10 kW/120 kWh vanadium redox flow battery system and the costs of the individual components were analyzed. Particular consideration was given to the influence of material costs and resistances of bipolar plates and energy storage media as well as voltages and electric currents. Based on the developed model it was possible to formulate statements about the targeted optimization of existing battery systems and general aspects for future developments of redox flow batteries.