bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in some chemical properties of saline-sodic soils over time as affected by organic residues: An incubation study
Authors: Jalali Mohsen , Saeedi Lotf Maryam , Ranjbar Faranak
Published: June 2020

Salinization and sodification of agricultural lands in arid and semi-arid regions of the world are two limiting factors in the crop production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of readily available agricultural residues on changing some chemical properties of saline-sodic soils. Wheat, potato, sunflower, and canola residues were separately added into three saline-sodic soils at a rate of 2% by weight and thoroughly mixed with soils. Control and treated soils were incubated for 168 days at a constant moisture and temperature. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soluble cations, available nitrate (NO3-) and phosphorous (P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were measured during the incubation. The EC increased in the response to the incorporation of plant residues, whereas the pH was reduced. The application of organic components in soils increased CEC and decreased ESP. The results showed that the maximum reduction in ESP was observed in the potato treatment because of the highest Ca2+ concentration. The average reduction in ESP of treated soil samples at the end of incubation followed this order: 16.1% (potato residue-treated soil) >12.7% (canola residue-treated soil) >11.1% (wheat residue-treated soil) >9.6% (sunflwer residue-treated soil). The potato residue was the most effective amendment in changing the chemical properties of saline-sodic soils in comparison with other organic residues. The results indicated that the application of organic residues had a positive impact on reducing the soil sodicity and improving the soil fertility depending on their chemical composition.
The impact of climate change on soil water balance and agricultural production sustainability in Mediterranean part of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Ljusa Melisa , Custovic Hamid , Hodzic Sabina
Published: June 2020

The world agriculture uses about 70% of the world water resources in irrigation. The concern over the sustainability of water use as demand for agricultural, industrial, and domestic uses continues to increase. Conflicts between particular sectors result in tensions, which sometimes lead to “water wars” in different parts of the world. It is the reason why many national and international organizations are putting the water quantity and quality questions on the top of the world’s open questions/problems. The main aim of this paper is to present soil water balance of the Mediterranean region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, prepared for a long-term time series for two locations (Trebinje and Mostar) annually and during the vegetation period. The mean long-term data has been used as a base for future predicted calculation. The predicted PET was based on an increase in air temperature by 2°C and predicted decrease in precipitation by 25%. With so predicted calculated data of monthly PET and monthly precipitation the predicted soil water balance was done.
Tratamiento de la infección por SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Cervera Ubierna Alfonso
Published: June 2020

Dada la reciente aparición de la infección por SARS coronavirus 2 en el mundo, no existen lineamientos definitivamente aceptados para su tratamiento. En la mayoría de los pacientes la infección se manifiesta con síntomas leves o puede ser asintomática. En la minoría de los pacientes la infección puede resultar en síndrome de insuficiencia respiratoria progresiva. Las medidas de aislamiento son decisivas para evitar la transmisión de la enfermedad a la población general y a las personas enfermas proveer tratamiento. Se han propuesto varios tratamientos, pero hasta el momento ninguno ha tenido resultados claramente positivos. El remdesivir, un medicamento que se desarrolló para tratar la infección por virus de Ébola, parece ofrecer las mejores posibilidades. Se ha recomendado la anticoagulación profiláctica porque un alto porcentaje de pacientes tiene trastornos de la coagulación. En niños y adolescentes enfermos convalecientes se ha descrito un síndrome que semeja a la enfermedad de Kawasaki.
Gestión del aprendizaje en tiempos de covid-19
Authors: Reynés Manzur José N , Vázquez Rivera Mirella , Velazquez Challa Samantha , Kuri Ayala Salim , Cravioto Quintana Patricia , Galván Castillo Fernando , Flores Landero Manuel Enrique
Published: June 2020

La crisis de salud por COVID-19 que se vive actualmente ha impactado de manera poco favorable en la formación de los médicos residentes de todo el mundo. Como respuesta, la Dirección de Enseñanza del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, en conjunto con la jefatura de médicos residentes, implementó una estrategia para promover sus actividades académicas con el apoyo de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación. Se describe la estrategia basada en cinco aspectos fundamentales: seguridad, disminución del riesgo de contagio, capacitación, gestión del aprendizaje y atención integral con apoyo a la salud mental. Finalmente, COVID-19 aceleró los planes de innovación académica iniciados por la Dirección de Enseñanza en 2017. Hoy, más que nunca, tenemos certeza de la importancia de adquirir nuevas competencias para enfrentar los retos del futuro en los servicios de salud.
Estudios de imagen en el niño con COVID- 19
Authors: De Uña Flores Armando
Published: June 2020

La diseminación rápida del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo causado por el coronavirus SARS CoV2 dio lugar a una pandemia que afecta a individuos de todas las edades y, en menor proporción, a la población pediátrica. Ante el panorama actual es urgente definir las características clínicas y radiológicas de la enfermedad. Los estudios de imagen de tórax, (placa simple y tomografía computada) juegan un papel importante en la evaluación del paciente pediátrico con COVID-19. En la actualidad se dispone de poca información que describa las manifestaciones de imagen en COVID-19 pediátrico y las recomendaciones de imagen en relación con el cuadro clínico. En este artículo se revisan las características de imagen de las lesiones pulmonares más relevantes deesta enfermedad y las recomendaciones de imagen en diversos contextos clínicos yde seguimiento.
COVID-19: consideraciones en el manejo de la vía aérea en pacientes pediátricos
Authors: Sánchez Hernández Eloy Sánchez , Rodríguez Arias Regina , Lara Cuevas Karla M , Camacho Jaramillo Néstor A
Published: June 2020

Revisión de la bibliografía del coronavirus (COVID-19) y su relación con el paciente pediátrico ante la pandemia. Este material, y su aplicación en niños, tiene como propósito ofrecer orientación a los profesionales de nuestro hospital y sugerencias para tratar a los niños que requieran atención, bien sea solo para intubación por complicaciones respiratorias o, bien, porque requieren un procedimiento quirúrgico para resolver algúnproblema no relacionado con la crisis sanitaria actual.
Reanimación cardiopulmonar en el paciente pediátrico con sospecha o portador de COVID19
Authors: Correa Flores Manuel Ángel , Menéndez Suso Juan José , Pinacho Velázquez José Luis , Velasco Sanchez Eduardo , Garcia Gonzalez Eduardo Rafael , Aleman Ortega Abril Daniella
Published: June 2020

La pandemia por el virus COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2) ha impuesto un reto en los esfuerzos de resucitación que requiere modificaciones primordiales a las pautas de adiestramiento existentes. Se han creado nuevos algoritmos que permiten asegurar que los pacientes con sospecha y confirmación de COVID-19, con paro cardiorrespiratorio, tengan la mayor posibilidad de supervivencia sin poner en riesgo la seguridad de los rescatadores que deben contar con todas las medidas de seguridad y equipo de protección personal. La atención del paro cardiaco intra y extrahospitalario del paciente con COVID-19, dada su alta contagiosidad, incrementada particularmente durante las maniobras de reanimación y manipulación de la vía aérea, con repercusión en la morbilidad y mortalidad del equipo de salud.La American Heart Association (AHA), International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) y la European Resuscitation Council (ERC) recomiendan priorizar el uso de la bolsa válvula mascarilla, con filtro de alta eficiencia, y asegurar la vía aérea mediante intubación endotraqueal o dispositivo supraglótico o, cricotiroidotomía durante las maniobras de reanimación cardiopulmonar avanzada.
Representaciones sobre la Independencia de las Provincias Unidas de Sudamérica en Tucumán a finales del siglo XIX
Authors: Vignoli Marcela
Published: June 2020

El presente trabajo explora las representaciones sobre la Independencia
argentina a partir de las celebraciones impulsadas por asociaciones culturales,
estudiantes secundarios y universitarios a fines del siglo XIX. La hipótesis que guía
esta investigación sostiene que estos festejos patrios organizados desde la sociedad
civil –en particular, las peregrinaciones patrióticas de la juventud llevadas a cabo
durante la década de 1890– se instalaron como prácticas y fueron articulándose
con acciones desplegadas por el poder político tendientes a construir una memoria
colectiva homogénea sobre los orígenes de la nacionalidad, convirtiendo al recinto
donde se declaró la Independencia en capital simbólico que permitió la proyección
nacional de Tucumán. La metodología aplicada a la investigación conjuga el análisis
de fuentes primarias (documentos oficiales de gobierno, prensa periódica, libros de
actas de asociaciones) junto con fuentes editadas como revistas culturales del período
y memorias publicadas, lo que permitió establecer un diálogo con la bibliografía
especializada.
Ajuste de un modelo matemático de adsorción/desorción de un inhibidor de escamas inorgánicas
Authors: Estupiñan Lopez Carlos Eduardo , Carrillo Moreno Luis Felipe , Torres Doria Alejandro
Published: June 2020

Durante el proceso de extracción del petróleo, se pueden precipitar compuestos minerales o cristales en los poros de las vecindades del pozo y/o en las tuberías por efecto de los cambios termodinámicos del yacimiento o de las alteraciones en el agua de formación con el tiempo. Dichos compuestos se conocen como escamas inorgánicas.Este problema le cuesta a la industria petrolera billones de dólares al año. Por lo tanto, en los campos donde se presenta este problema, uno de los métodos utilizados para enfrentarlo es el uso de agentes inhibidores que eviten o mitiguen la depositación de la escama. Cuando se lleva a cabo un tratamiento de inhibición, se espera que el inhibidor inyectado en el yacimiento pueda prevenir la formación de las escamas durante cierto tiempo de permanencia en la superficie de los poros, pero tales tratamientos deben ser repetidos periódicamente, lo cual incrementa los costos de producción en estos campos.El propósito de este trabajo es ajustar la descripción matemática del fenómeno de adsorción/desorción para mejorar tanto los diseños como los tiempos computacionales. Se concluye mencionando que factores como el pH del agua de formación, la compatibilidad de los fluidos inyectados con los del yacimiento y la concentración mínima de inhibidor, en conjunto con las propiedades del yacimiento (Permeabilidad – Temperatura) son fundamentales en dicho ajuste ya que influyen en el tiempo en el que el inhibidor permanecerá en el yacimiento evitando la aparición de la escama.
Licencia social como mecanismo de desarrollo de yacimientos de hidrocarburos no convencionales en el departamento del Cesar-Colombia
Authors: Zuluaga Guerra Amat David , Monterroza Villalba Rebeca Isabel
Published: June 2020

Las operaciones de fracturamiento hidráulico en rocas generadoras han sido muy controversiales en los últimos años alrededor del mundo, y desde hace dos años en Colombia sin que a la fecha se haya realizado operación alguna. Esto ha permitido la formación de asociaciones ambientalistas, que en muchos casos llevan información errónea o generalizada de este tipo de operaciones para deslegitimarla sobre la base de un sofisma agua o hidrocarburos, generando miedo a las comunidades quienes de alguna manera ya se sienten inconformes con la industria. Parte de este inconformismo, tiene que ver con el poco desarrollo económico generado en sus regiones, debido a la corrupción o a la mala inversión de los recursos que recibían de regalías. La modificación de la ley de regalías aumentó el inconformismo en las regiones productoras, logrando organizar a comunidades, gremios, sindicatos, políticos y hasta parte de la institucionalidad, quienes encontraron en la protesta contra el fracturamiento hidráulico un escenario ideal para difundir su consigna “agua sí, petróleo no”. En adición a lo anterior, la desinformación general y la vulnerabilidad social por falta de conocimiento sobre la técnica ha logrado movilizar comunidades enteras para no permitir operaciones en su territorio, frenando en muchos casos el normal desarrollo de estas. La aceptación de los proyectos de yacimientos no convencionales en Colombia, dependen mucho más de la aceptación que este tenga en las comunidades de sus áreas de influencia que del cumplimiento de los requisitos legales existentes, por lo que cuando las comunidades aprueben el desarrollo de algún proyecto en su área de influencia, esta misma no permitiría la politización en sus territorios ni la llegada de grupos radicales que quieran detener los proyectos que la misma comunidad requiere
Protocolo experimental para la evaluación de microemulsiones que modifican la mojabilidad en el medio poroso. Aplicación a campos colombianos
Authors: Jaimes Manuel G. , Rojas Jorge A. , Rodríguez Milton J. , Zabala Richard D. , Dorado Ricardo
Published: June 2020

Las reservas de crudo liviano son cada vez más escasas a diferencia de los descubrimientos de crudo pesado, razón por lo cual se ha enfocado la atención en este tipo de hidrocarburos. Colombia tiene un gran potencial de crudo pesado, sobre todo en las zonas de la Cuenca de los Llanos Orientales (campos: Rubiales, Castilla, Chichimene, Apiay, Suria), cuyo desarrollo en los últimos años ha logrado que el 60% de la producción nacional este asociada a este tipo de recurso. La producción de crudo pesado no es fácil, una de las principales dificultades es la alta viscosidad del hidrocarburo, lo cual origina una baja movilidad del mismo y una temprana producción de agua en yacimientos con acuíferos activos. Una de las técnicas más utilizadas para incrementar la productividad en los yacimientos de crudos pesados es la estimulación matricial de pozos, a partir de la cual se pueden modificar las curvas de permeabilidad relativa (alteración de la humectabilidad) y así mejorar la movilidad de estos crudos. Sin embargo, es crucial la comprensión de la mojabilidad de la formación para optimizar la recuperación de petróleo. Suponer que una formación es mojable por agua, cuando en realidad no lo es, puede ocasionar daños irreversibles en el yacimiento.Por lo anterior, el presente estudio se centró en desarrollar e implementar un protocolo a nivel de laboratorio, para evaluar tratamientos de estimulación matricial base agua, que tuvieran la capacidad de invertir la mojabilidad natural (generalmente al crudo, debido a la alta afinidad entre el crudo y minerales de roca del yacimiento), hacia una mojabilidad al agua, que conduce a un mejoramiento de la permeabilidad relativa al crudo
Idea pomocniczości w myśli Władysława Piwowarskiego
Authors: Hartman Barbara Elżbieta
Published: June 2020

W artykule podejmuje się próbę przedstawienia dorobku badawczego ks.Władysława Piwowarskiego pod względem rozwoju jego oryginalnych, prekursorskich i pielęgnowanych przez prawie 40 lat przemyśleń dotyczących idei pomocniczości. Oryginalność jego prac dotyczących tej idei wynika z kilku istotnych powodów. Są to bowiem badania, które podejmował jako pierwszy z filozofów w Polsce, i które kontynuował oprócz innych, socjologicznych, aż do końca swej drogi naukowej. Reprezentował w nich śmiało nowy trend w katolickiej nauce społecznej, czyli propagowanie idei społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. Ideę subsydiarności adresował do szeroko pojmowanego społeczeństwa.
Nauczanie religii w szkole w opiniach i ocenach polskiego społeczeństwa
Authors: Jedynak Witold
Published: June 2020

Przywrócenie nauczania religii do szkół publicznych w 1990 roku zostało zaakceptowane przez większość społeczeństwa polskiego. Jednak ze strony części sił politycznych podniosły się głosy sprzeciwu i oburzenia. Przeciwnicy powrotu lekcji religii do szkół twierdzili, że katechizacja w szkole narusza świecki charakter szkoły publicznej. Pomimo powracającej z różną częstotliwością i nasileniem krytyki nauczania religii w szkole większość´ polskiego społeczeństwa, w tym uczniów i rodziców, popiera obecność katechezy w szkole. Zdecydowana większość dzieci i młodzieży uczestniczy w lekcjach religii. Oceny dotyczące jakości nauczania religii w szkole są stabilne. Uczniowie deklarują, że chodzą na zajęcia z religii, gdyż są ciekawe lub nie różnią się od innych przedmiotów, cześć uczniów twierdzi jednak, że nudzi się na lekcjach religii.
Creating, practicing, and reacting to music: A content analysis of research
Authors: Mazur Zofia , Lawendowski Rafał
Published: June 2020

Psychology of music, a science of the relations between humans and sound structures, is continuously developing. Given the growing number of publications in this domain, reviews of the literature are of value, as they integrate knowledge, informing and guiding future research endeavors. This article presents the results of a 47-year (1973–2019) content analysis of research on creating, practicing, and responding to music featured in The Psychology of Music journal. The purpose of our study was to identify and describe the themes in research on creating, practicing, and responding to music, indicating which study topics were the most often present in publications. We identified 17 categories of research topics and found that the largest number of publications dealt with predictors of music creating, self-regulated practice, or affective responses to music. Suggestions for developing and bolstering research and practice are provided.
Differences in the stress coping styles and social skills between classical and jazz musicians
Authors: Nogaj Anna Antonina , Czarnecka Izabela , Ossowski Roman
Published: June 2020

The musical milieu raises a number of challenges for artists. Coping with these depends not only on the level of musical abilities but also on a number of personal skills. The diverse styles of music education and the expectations set for musicians performing various music genres have inspired research exploring the differences between classical and jazz musicians. Of the psychological areas important for functioning effectively as a musician, stress management styles and social skills have been examined in this study. It was assumed that the genre of publicly performed music, and thus the different modes of music education in the field of classical and jazz music performance, can cause significant differences in the psychological functioning of musicians. Of the 73 musicians who participated in the study, 38 were classical musicians and 35 were jazz musicians. The jazz musicians revealed a significantly higher level of social competence in terms of social exposure compared to the classical musicians. There were no differences in the style of coping with stress between the two groups. The results of the study might inspire psychologists working with musicians to plan therapeutic programs aimed at psychological preparation for public performances, with the specificity of musical genres taken into account. Future research may investigate the extent temperament and personality of musicians representing different specialties influence their stress coping strategies and social skills.
What do we actually measure as music-induced emotions?
Authors: Janowski Maciej , Chełkowska-Zacharewicz Maria
Published: June 2020

The paper presents the results of a systematic review of 61 empirical studies in which emotions in response to music were measured. The analysis of each study was focused on the measurement of emotion components and the conceptualization of emotion both in hypothesis and discussion. The review does not support the claim that music evokes the same emotional reactions as life events do, especially modal emotions. Notably, neither a high intensity of feelings, nor intentionality were confirmed in relation to musical experiences, the emergence of specific action tendencies, or specific physiological changes. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended to use the terms “affect” or “music emotions” with reference to emotions experienced in reaction to music and to abandon the term “emotions” as misleading.
Muʽtezile’de Zorunlu Nedensellik ve Mucize: Tabiat (Tabʽ) Teorileri Çerçevesinde Bir İnceleme
Authors: KANDEMİR Ahmet Mekin
Published: June 2020

Bu makalede, ilk dönem Muʽtezile âlimlerinden Muʽammer b. Abbâd es-Sülemî (ö. 215/830), Ebû İshâk İbrahim b. Seyyâr en-Nazzâm (ö. 231/845), Ebû Osman el-Câhız (ö. 255/869) ve Ebu’l-Kâsım el-Belhî el-Kaʽbî (ö. 319/931) tarafından savunulan tabʽ/tabiat teorisi ve bunun nedensellik ve mucize ile ilgili sonuçları ele alınmıştır. Tabʽ teorisini benimseyenler Allah Teâlâ’nın yarattığı tüm varlıklara sabit ve değişmez tabiatlar yerleştirdiğini, bu tabiatların onların tüm hareketlerini ve doğadaki olayları belirlediğini, evrende de buna dayalı zorunlu nedensel ilişkilerin hüküm sürdüğünü savunmaktadırlar. Fakat bu anlayış kelâmcıların çoğunluğu tarafından eleştirilmiş ve reddedilmiştir. Eleştirilerin odağında ise âlemde bu tarz zorunlu bir nedenselliğin kabul edilmesinin Allah’ın tabiata müdahale etmesini, yani mucize yaratmasını imkânsız kılacağı hususu yer almaktadır. Çünkü tabiat mefhumu kabul edildiğinde mucizelerin de diğer tüm fiiller gibi meydana geldiği mahallin tabiatının eseri olacağı ve bu durumda İslam inanç esaslarının temelini teşkil eden faal tanrı anlayışının ve nübüvvet inancının ispat edilemeyeceği düşünülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, tabiatçı kelâmcıların düşünce sisteminde zorunlu nedenselliğin boyutları, mucize konusunun nasıl temellendirildiği ve varlığın doğasına ilahi müdahalenin mümkün görülüp görülmediği konuları ele alınmıştır.
Ehl-i Sünnet Kelâmcılarının Eleştirileri Bağlamında İsmâilî-Bâtınî Düşüncede Melek İnancı
Authors: ERASLAN Yunus
Published: June 2020

İsmâilî/Bâtınî hareket ilk dönem Ehl-i sünnet kelam okulları tarafından değişik konularda eleştirilmiştir. Bu eleştiri noktalarından birisi de diğer inanç esaslarıyla da bağlantılı olan melek konusudur. Ancak melek konusu doğrudan bir eleştiri konusu olmayıp, daha çok bağlantılı olduğu nübüvvet ve meâd konularıyla irtibatlı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda nübüvvet ve meâd konularındaki düşüncelerinden dolayı İsmâilî/Bâtınî öğreti, özellikle bir kısım Eş’arî kelamcıları tarafından melekleri inkâr ettiği ithamına maruz kalmıştır. Hanefî-Mâtürîdî kelâmcıları ise aynı hususlarda eleştirilerde bulunmakla birlikte böyle bir itham içerisine girmezler. Öte yandan onların söz konusu görüşlerinin kaynağı olarak filozofların gösterilmesi de, bu eleştirilerin haklılık payını arttırmıştır. Bu çalışmada ilgili tarafların iddia ve ithamlarına değinildikten sonra, melek konusu nübüvvet ve meâd konularıyla irtibatlı olarak İsmâilî/Bâtınî öğreti açısından değerlendirilecektir. Bu yapılırken kendi eserlerine başvurulacaktır. Bunun sonucunda ise Ehl-i sünnet kelamcılarının eleştirileriyle İsmâilî/Bâtınî öğretinin melek konusundaki görüşleri karşılaştırılacaktır. Ayrıca ilgili düşünce okulları tarafından ortaya çıkan farklı melek anlayışlarının anlam ve önemine sonuçları açısından değinilecektir.
Muslim’s Responses to Believers of Indigenous Faiths
Authors: Kushidayati Lina , Rosyid Moh
Published: June 2020

Manuskrip ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan usaha penulis dalam memberi pemahaman kepada delapan kelompok penghayat kepercayaan di Kabupaten Kudus beserta respon Muslim terhadapnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan analisis kualitatif deskriptif mengunakan metode wawancara dan observasi. Berdasarkan Keputusan Mahkamah Konstituni No. 97/PUU-XIV/20016 yang menyatakan bahwa penghayat kepercayaan setara dalam hal keagamaan. Sehingga, mereka kemudian mengubah kolom agama pada Kartu Tanda Penduduk (KTP) mereka menjadi penghayat kepercayaan. Menggunakan tanda strip (-) pada KTP mereka merupakan salah satu wujud penolakan bagi penghayat kepercayaan Persada dan Samin. Sebaliknya, keenam kelompok penghayat kepercayaan tetap menulis Islam sebagai agama mereka karena menurut mereka, dengan mengubah agama mereka dapat menimbulkan beberapa keresahan meliputi (1) penolakan pada pemakaman umum, (2) perlakuan diskriminatif bagi anak-anak mereka yang mencari pekerjaan, dan (3) kesulitan dalam mencari pasangan hidup, terutama bagi penghayat kepercayaan wanita. Selain itu, keberadaan mereka dianggap sebagai organisasi spiritual yang tidak terkait dengan status keagamaan.
Tilawah of the Quran in Anna M. Gade’s View : Philosophical Studies and Its Relevance to the Quranic Sciences
Authors: Al-Ayyubi M. Zia
Published: June 2020

Tulisan ini merupakan ulasan pemikiran salah seorang sarjanawan Barat yang bernama Anna M. Gade tentang tilawah. Anna M. Gade sendiri merupakan seorang profesor pada bidang Studi Lingkungan di Universitas Wisconsin, Madison, Amerika Serikat. Dalam salah satu karyanya, ia spesifik menunjukkan dalam judulnya “The Quran Recitation”, yang berarti tilawah  al-Quran. Ketika disebut tilawah  al-Quran (bacaan  al-Quran), tentu ini terdapat keterkaitan dengan qira’ah al-Quran yang secara bahasa sama-sama menunjukkan arti bacaan  al-Quran. Untuk permasalah tersebut, Gade menjelaskan bahwa tilawah merupakan salah satu bagian dari qira’ah, karena cakupan dari qira’ahyang lebih umum dari pada tilawah. Selain itu, Gade juga menjelaskan tilawah pada sisi pendeskripsian  al-Quran terhadap tilawah, praktik, keindahan, hingga kompetisi tilawah  al-Quran.
Effect of Dextrose Prolotherapy, Platelet Rich Plasma and Autologous Conditioned Serum on Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pishgahi Alireza , Abolhasan Rozita , Shakouri Seyed Kazem , Soltani-Zangbar Mohammad Sadegh , Dareshiri Shahla , Ranjbar Kiyakalayeh Sepideh , Khoeilar Amirghasem , Zamani Majid , Motavalli Khiavi Farhad , Pourabbas Kheiraddin Behzad , Mehdizadeh Amir , Yousefi Mehdi
Published: June 2020

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the common degenerative articular disorders that are related to decreased quality of life. Currently, novel biologic therapeutic approaches are introduced in the literature for OA management. In this study, the clinical efficiency of Dextrose prolotherapy, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and autologous conditioned serum (ACS) injection on the level of pain and function in Knee OA were compared. A randomized clinical trial was directed on 92 knee OA patients. Patients were randomly divided into three groups: 30 were received dextrose prolotherapy once in a week for three weeks, 30 received autologous PRP for two times with seven days interval, and in the remaining 32 patients 2ml of ACS were injected two times every seven days. Study participants were measured through the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) score, the visual analogue scale (VAS), at baseline, 1 and 6 months post-intervention. Both ACS and PRP treated patients showed improvement in pain intensity and knee function during 1 and 6 months pursue; however, this progress was more significant in the ACS group. Dextrose prolotherapy showed no substantial changes in pain and function of the affected knee in treated patients. Treatment of Knee OA with ACS and PRP injections are associated with pain reduction and knee function improvement. Not only, ACS therapy is more effective than that of PRP, but also due to its less variability in processing and less reported side effects, it could be considered as a safe and effective non-surgical alternative for OA management.
Administration of Vitamin D3 Improves Hemoglobin Level by Regulating TNF-a and IL-6 in DSS-induced Colitis Mice
Authors: Monica Ervin , Hasanah Primayuni Dhia , Fadillah Arief , Aulia Rara , Sulistijono Eko , Wibowo Satrio
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: Anemia is frequently found in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and assumed to be related to inflammatory process. Vitamin D3 (VD) is known to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. It also has the potential to be an alternative treatment of the inflammatory process that occurs at UC, however its mechanism has not been clearly established. This study aimed to assess the effect of VD on histopathology and hemoglobin levels in UC through its regulation in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6.METHODS: Total samples of 24 mice were divided equally into Sham group, UC group, UC+VD group (given 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) followed by VD), and VD+UC group (given VD followed by 3% DSS). Mouse Colitis Histology Index (MCHI) was used to measure histopathological changes. Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in colon. Evaluation of anemia was determined by hemoglobin levels.RESULTS: Based on MCHI scores, significant epithelial damage was found in colon sample of UC group (8.25±3.05) compared to Sham (0.33±0.26), UC+VD (2.33±1.07), and VD+UC group (2.83±0.75) (p<0.05). Significant lower numbers of TNF-α were found in Sham (27.33±3.42), UC+VD (36.33±1.86), and VD+UC group (36.68±1.86) compared with UC group (44.66±4.87) (p<0.05). Significant less IL-6 expression was found in Sham (18.05±2.96), UC+VD (24.78±0.79), and VD+UC group (25.09±2.79) compared to UC group (38.85±3.51) (p<0.05). Differences in hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in UC group (11.85±0.97) compared to Sham (14.25±0.47), UC+VD (13.68±0.68), VD+UC group (13.52±1.07) (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: VD significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines, increased mucosal repair, and improved hemoglobin levels.KEYWORDS: colitis, ulcerative, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Microbiological and Biochemical Contamination Analysis of Refilled Drinking-water in Abeli, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Saimin Juminten , Hartati Hartati , Purnamasari Yenti , Mulyawati Sufiah Asri , Tien Tien , Ayitrina Pranita
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: The access to safe drinkingwater is increasingly difficult, especially in water catchment or coastal areas. Due to the difficulty, people in coastal areas tend to consume ready-to-use refilled drinking-water. However, the sanitation facilities on most drinking-water refill depots do not meet the requirements, hence really prone to microbial contamination. We conducted this study to determine the types of bacteria causing the contamination of refilled drinking-water from refill depots in Abeli, a coastal area in Kendari.METHODS: Samples were collected from all 6 drinkingwater refill depots in Abeli. Three-series fermentation tubes were used for the microbiological test, including the presumptive, confirmative and completed tests. The biochemical test was performed with indole test, methyl red test, Voges-Proskauer test, and citrate utilization test (IMViC) methods and the triple sugar iron agar (TSIA) test.RESULTS: Among 6 refilled drinking-water samples, we found the growth of coliform bacterial colonies in 3 samples, exhibiting various characteristics. Based on the characteristics, both microbiological and biochemical, the identified bacteria were Proteus sp., Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca.CONCLUSION: Bacteria that contaminated refilled drinking-water in Abeli were Proteus sp., E. coli and K. oxytoca. Continuous supervision is required to ensure the quality of water from drinking-water refill depots.KEYWORDS: bacteria, Proteus sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, coastal areas, refilled drinking water
The Sources and Impact of Stress of Teachers on the Performance of Learners: the View Point of the High School Teachers in Khomas Region in Namibia
Authors: Kaupa Stewart
Published: June 2020

Excessive pressure emanating from economic recession, heavy competition, modern and rapid technological changes, coupled with demands of jobs have emerged as key drivers of work-related stress amongst employees. Stress exists in all phases of our life and if not tactfully handled it can lead one’s mental state to depression. In the workplace, it can affect performance of employees, thus affect the productivity of an organisation. It is against this background that this study aimed at investigating the relationship between work-related stress of high teachers and the performance of learners in high schools in the Khomas Region in Namibia. 100 teachers were sampled using convenience and judgmental sampling methods. The study employed mixed methods as both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. The findings from the study revealed that work stress does exist in amongst high school teachers due to the stressful nature of their work. The key drivers of work stress amongst high school teachers were noted to be; the shortage of staff in schools, lack of resources; workload; poor remuneration and poor working conditions, resulting in, absenteeism and turnover of teachers, temper outbursts and suicidal thoughts amongst the teachers all of these having a negative impact on the performance of teachers. Based on these findings the study recommends the Ministry of Education to introduce work stress management which can take the form of workshops and training to assist teachers to better deal with work-related stress which negatively impacts on their performance and that of learners. The key limitation of the study was that some respondents were reluctant to reveal the extent of the problem amongst them as they felt that in any case the ministry will not do anything about their problems.
Biosimilars in the French and Polish System: Chosen Aspects of Reimbursement and Access
Authors: Barszczewska Olga , Chami Ralph , Piechota Anna
Published: June 2020

The EU approved the first biosimilar drug in 2006. By 2017, the EU had authorized the highest number of biosimilars worldwide, acquiring considerable experience in their use and safety. In May 2019, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) search engine showed 54 authorized biosimilars. Biosimilars reduce public expenditure; however, the discussion about their potential disadvantages is still ongoing. Each country adopts different regulations on the interchangeability, switching, and substitution of a reference medicine by its biosimilar, since the EMA does not regulate this issue. Additionally, each nation has a unique reimbursement system, which results in significant differences in patients’ access to biosimilars. The importance of securing a higher availability of these cheaper versions of biological drugs is well-recognized. The better the access to these biosimilars is, the lower the overall drug expenditure and need for rationing would be, and therefore the better treatment results. The aim of this paper is to compare selected aspects of reimbursement and access to the EMA authorized biosimilar medicines in two countries – France and Poland. The stated drug policy goal of both countries is to significantly improve biosimilar implementation in the coming years. The research is based on an analysis of four main sources: the EMA biosimilars database, the Polish reimbursement list published by the Polish Ministry of Health, and two French reimbursement databases published by the French Ministry of Health. An additional literature review was conducted. The expected results concentrate on differences in the number of reimbursed biosimilars, the average time between EMA authorization and country reimbursement decision date, and the availability of biosimilars registered outside of the centralized (EMA) procedure. These findings could identify areas of improvement and help with discussions on how to optimize the reach of biosimilars, as well as improve French-Polish collaboration on this matter.
ОБОСНОВАНИЕ РЕСУРСОЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ СЖИГАНИЯ ВОДОУГОЛЬНЫХ ТОПЛИВ С ДОБАВКАМИ БИОМАССЫ
Authors: Малышев Дмитрий Юрьевич , Сыродой Семен Владимирович
Published: June 2020

Одной из наиболее актуальных проблем современности является экологическая безопасность. Загрязнение атмосферы Земли в последние десятилетия обусловлено в значительной степени работой тепловых электрических станций, сжигающих уголь, на территориях наиболее развитых государств (США, Китай, Индия и др.). Использование нового класса топлива – био-водоугольного – может позволить существенно снизить выбросы антропогенных газов, образующихся при сжигании углей в топках паровых и водогрейных котлов, в атмосферу Земли, расширить сырьевую базу современных тепловых электрических станций и повысить в целом ресурсоэффективность угольной теплоэнергетики. Цель: исследование влияния концентрации древесной биомассы в жидких композиционных топливах на интегральные характеристики процесса зажигания капель био-водоугольных топлив в условиях высокотемпературного нагрева. Объект: водоугольная суспензия на основе угля марки Т, воды и еловой хвои. Экспериментальные исследования проведены при следующих массовых концентрациях угля и биомассы: 50/0 %, 45/5 %, 40/10 %, 35/15 %, соответственно (50 % – вода). Метод: экспериментальное определение с использованием высокоскоростной видеокамеры Photron FASTCAM СА4 временных характеристик процессов зажигания капель био-водоугольных суспензий в условиях, соответствующих по интенсивности нагрева камерам сгорания паровых и водогрейных котлов; регистрация температуры среды с использованием хромель-алюмелевых термопар. Результаты. Установлено влияние массовой концентрации лесного горючего материала на времена задержки зажигания (tign) водоугольных топлив. Показано, что при содержании в топливной композиции 15 % биомассы времена задержки зажигания уменьшаются более чем в три раза по сравнению с водоугольным топливом без добавления биомассы при относительно низких температурах топочной среды. Результаты выполненных экспериментальных исследований также являются базой для развития моделей горения жидких композиционных топлив.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ВЫСШИХ ГАРМОНИК НА РАБОТУ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЯ ЧАСТОТЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПОДЗЕМНОГО РУДНИКА
Authors: Егоров Айаал Николаевич , Харитонов Яков Станиславович , Шевчук Владислав Алексеевич , Семёнов Александр Сергеевич
Published: June 2020

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью выявления причин выхода из строя узлов и деталей преобразователя частоты, а также конденсатора фильтрокомпенсирующего устройства в системе электропривода скиповой подъемной установки. Выход из строя этого узла при отработке алгоритма защиты приводит к наложению предохранительного тормоза на подъемную машину, обладающую достаточно большой кинетической энергией, которая в свою очередь, рассеиваясь в узлах и деталях подъемной машины, приводит к сокращению их срока службы. Цель: определить степень влияния высших гармоник в системе электроснабжения подземного рудника на элементы преобразователя частоты системы электропривода скиповой подъемной установки и предложить методы по их снижению. Объекты: преобразователь частоты, система электропривода подъемной установки, система электроснабжения подземного рудника, другие технологические установки и их системы электропривода, влияющие на генерацию высших гармоник. Методы: инструментальный контроль показателей качества электрической энергии в соответствии с требованиями ГОСТ 32144-2013; математическая обработка и анализ полученных результатов при помощи программного обеспечения MathCAD; компьютерное моделирование режимов работы системы электропривода в среде MatLab. Результаты. Дана характеристика скиповой подъемной машины слепого скипового ствола и её системы электропривода. Проанализированы результаты обследования системы электропривода, полученные как до, так и после ввода установки в промышленную эксплуатацию. Исследованы причины выхода из строя фильтрокомпенсирующего устройства, а также проанализированы причины отказов в работе преобразователя частоты. Сделаны выводы о влиянии высших гармоник на работу преобразователя частоты в условиях подземного рудника. Предложены меры защиты электроустановок от высших гармоник и методы по их снижению.
МИНЕРАЛОГО-ГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ХАЛЬКОПИРИТА РУД ЮБИЛЕЙНОГО МЕДНОКОЛЧЕДАННОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ (ЮЖНЫЙ УРАЛ) ПО ДАННЫМ ЛА-ИСП-МС
Authors: Целуйко Александр Сергеевич , Масленников Валерий Владимирович , Аюпова Нурия Радитовна , Масленникова Светлана Петровна , Артемьев Дмитрий Александрович , Блинов Иван Александрович
Published: June 2020

Актуальность. Исследования сульфидов методом ЛА-ИСП-МС является одним из перспективных направлений изучения рудных месторождений. Понимание трендов минералого-геохимической эволюции сульфидов позволяет интерпретировать процессы дифференциации вещества на стадиях гидротермального седиментогенеза и литогенеза колчеданных месторождений, что актуально для создания и развития минералого-геохимических моделей сульфидного аутигенеза на новом уровне. Цель: сопоставление минералого-геохимической специализации генетических разновидностей халькопирита для выявления тренда эволюции сульфидных отложений Юбилейного медноколчеданного месторождения (Южный Урал). Методы. Выявление морфогенетических типов халькопирита проводилось на основе рудно-фациальных исследований. Изучение минеральных особенностей халькопирита выполнено на оптическом микроскопе Olympus BX51. Состав редких минералов получен с помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа Tescan Vega 3 sbu. Содержания элементов-примесей в халькопирите получены методом ЛА-ИСП-МС на масс-спектрометре Agilent 7700x, оборудованного приставкой для лазерной абляции New Wave Research UP-213 в ЮУ ФНЦ МиГ УрО РАН. Предварительные ЛА-ИСП-МС анализы халькопирита сделаны в Тасманийском университете (г. Хобарт, Австралия). Результаты. Разновидности халькопирита подразделены на две группы: гидротермальную и постседиментационную. Гидротермальная группа включает в себя субгедральные разновидности халькопирита пирит-халькопиритовых, сфалерит-пирит-халькопиритовых, и халькопирит-пирит-сфалеритовых труб палеокурильщиков. Во второй группе, сформированной по рудокластитам, выделены псевдоморфные, цементационные, конкреционные, а также прожилковые динамометаморфические разновидности халькопирита. Каждая разновидность халькопирита характеризуется своими минеральными ассоциациями и вариациями содержаний элементов-примесей, отражающими различия в процессах и условиях минералообразования. В ряду от пирит-халькопиритовых к существенно сфалеритовым гидротермальным трубам палеокурильщиков наблюдается смена копьевидных и дендритовидных кристаллов халькопирита графическими и эпитаксиальными сростками халькопирита и сфалерита. В этом же направлении в гидротермальном халькопирите снижаются медианные содержания элементов высокотемпературной (Se, Bi), среднетемпературной (Te, Sb) и низкотемпературной (Tl) ассоциаций. Постседиментационные разновидности халькопирита отличаются от гидротермальных аналогов пониженными концентрациями Sn и отсутствием существенных вариаций содержаний Se. Во временном ряду постседиментационного халькопирита (псевдоморфный→цементационный→конкреционные→прожилковый) постепенно убывают медианные значения содержаний примесей Mn, Co, Ni, Mo, As, Tl, Au, Ag, Bi и Te.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ДАВЛЕНИЯ НА СТРУКТУРУ КАОЛИНИТА В ОГНЕУПОРНЫХ ГЛИНАХ НИЖНЕ-УВЕЛЬСКОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ ПО ДАННЫМ ИК-СПЕКТРОСКОПИИ
Authors: Ситева Ольга Сергеевна , Медведева Наталья Александровна , Середин Валерий Викторович , Иванов Дмитрий Владимирович
Published: June 2020

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью изучения структуры каолиновых глин в связи с их широким промышленным применением. Физические и физико-химические свойства глин изменяются при различных техногенных воздействиях на них, что обусловлено преобразованием кристаллической структуры. Цель: изучение влияния давления на структуру каолинита. Объект: каолиновая глина Нижне-Увельского месторождения Челябинской области. Метод: инфракрасная спектроскопия. Инфракрасные спектры регистрировались на ИК Фурье-спектрометре в интервале 400…3800 см–1. Обработка ИК-спектров проводилась с помощью программного обеспечения Fspec. Результаты экспериментальных исследований показали, что обогащенная каолиновая глина Нижне-Увельского месторождения Челябинской области, не подверженная воздействию давлением, характеризуется частично упорядоченной (дефектной) структурой. При воздействии давлений от 10 до 650 МПа глина характеризуется частично упорядоченной структурой, при давлениях от 700 до 800 МПа – слабо и неупорядоченной структурой. Обработка каолина давлением повышает дефектность структуры на уровне пакета. Связи между Al-OH, Si-O-Al, внутренними и внутриповерхностными гидроксилами разрушаются, что приводит к вытеснению Al из октаэдрического и Si из тетраэдрического листов и формированию «дырочных» энергетических центров в кристаллической решетке каолинита. При этом влияние давления до 150 МПа на формирование дефектов в каолините выше, чем при давлениях от 150 до 800 МПа. Кроме того, при обработке каолина давлением происходит образование дефектов структуры на межпакетном уровне за счет скольжения, вращения и прокатки структурных пакетов между собой
Examination of organizational commitment levels of the academic staffs employed in sports sciences in Turkey
Authors: Bingol Hulya
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research is to examine the organizational commitment perceptions of academics who teach in the sports fields. Population of the research is composed of academics who teach in the sports fields as part of the academic staff. The research group consists of 408 academics who work in the field of sports sciences. In the research, a questionnaire form was used as a data collection tool. The questionnaire consists of two parts. In the first part, there are 5 questions to determine the demographic and employment characteristics of the individuals, and in the second part, there are 18 questions in the form of a 5-point Likert scale to determine the perception of organizational commitment. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS 16 package program. When the organizational commitment perception according to demographic and employment characteristics was examined, it was found that emotional commitment perception differed only by the title variable. It has been found that academics with the title of Professor have higher emotional commitment than others.
Keywords: Organizational Commitment, Academic Personnel, Sports Sciences
‘FITNA’ IN EVERYDAY LIFE: Phenomena of the Digital Behavior of Indonesian Muslim Society on Dajjal Hadith
Authors: Putra D.I Ansusa
Published: June 2020

Dajjal appearance discussion in the last decade has been the trending among Muslim. There are massive search for religious doctrines text on Dajjal in digital media. This is oriented towards certain views about the world, social and cultural conditions, political project, political subjectivity, attitudes, and practice or competence. The behavior affects social-political life through the contextualization of hadith about Dajjal. This study aims to obtain a complete picture of digital media behavior in understanding religious doctrines related to  Fitna of Dajjal among Muslims. This article combines Muslim theory of Cosmopolitanism Khairuddin Aljunied and living hadith approach, supported by data from google trend search throughout 2019. The results showed that there were four digital behaviors of Indonesian Muslim related to Dajjal hadith, first, searching instantaneously; second, reviewing from internet; third, joining the contextualisation discussion; and fourth, liking the personalization and illustration. The most frequently sought topic is about the prayer to be protected from Fitna of Dajjal. In addition, the study also tried to prove that this digital behavior is formed massively because of supply and demand pattern. It means that there are groups producing Dajjal hadith in public sphere regularly since they are supported by the many interests of consumers.