bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DPP-IV (CD26)-mediated immune and inflammatory responses
Authors: Lee Dae Ho
Published: May 2022

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV; also known as CD26) is a 110 kDa surface glycoprotein with dipeptidyl peptidase activity, with its expression on endothelial, epithelial, and T cells. It has a high selectivity for peptides with a proline or alanine at the second position and cleaves off dipeptides at the amino-terminus of such peptides, including GLP-l, GIP, neuropeptides, and cytokines. It also has a multitude of biological functions except for its intrinsic enzymatic activity. Especially, DPP-IVs immune regulation has been studied for several decades about T cell activation before the introduction of DPP-IV inhibitor as an antidiabetic agent. However, further researches are required to understand the function of the molecule in relation with metabolic syndrome and inflammation. This article describes our current understanding of the biological involvement of DPP-IV enzyme family.
Acute hepatitis A
Authors: Cho Yoo-Kyung
Published: May 2022

Acute hepatitis A (AHA) infection is the common cause of acute hepatitis in Korea. The incidence of symptomatic AHA has rapidly increased for the last several years especially among young adults in their twenties or thirties. Because decline seroprevalence of anti HAV with improvement of environmental hygiene. AHA shows more severe clinical manifestations with advancing years. Not only vaccination for the high risk group, also universal childhood vaccination and catch-up vaccination for young adults should be considered.
Cancer screening test
Authors: Kwon JungMi
Published: May 2022

SCreening lest is Iimited to asymptomatic individuals and its purpose is to decrease mortality. Beyond the technical issues involved in study design, other requirements addressing implementation，analysis，and interpretation including biases, must be met to demonstrate that a screening test is useful. A positive screening test may lead to early intervention that could allow "cure'' of the disease but not be efficacious for a person's general health. There are effective screening modalities for breast cancer ‘colorectal cancers , and cervical cancers，whereas no compelling evidence exists for the value to screening for lung cancer. Over the past few years ‘there have been rapid developments applying new imaging and molecular diagnostic modalities for the purpose of cancer screenings. Appropriate methods for incorporating these new techniques into screening trials must be considered.
Contrast-induced nephropathy
Authors: Jang Eun Hee
Published: May 2022

Contrast-induced nephropathy(CIN) is a common cause of hospital-acquired acute renal failure. Patients with chronic renal failure. diabetes mellitus， congestive heartfailure， older age，hypotension， and anemia are at particular risk. Typically. serum creatinine levels begin to increase at 48-72 hours. peak at 3 to 5 days ，and return to baseline within another 3 to 5 days. Although a variety of therapeutic interventions ， including saline hydration，diuretics，mannitol，dopamine agonist , and many other agent have been used to prevent the CIN. saline hydration is the sole efficacious therapy to protect against CIN. Recent advances have examined the effect of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine，iso-osmolar nonionic contrast agents. hemodialysis and hemofiltration， erythropoietin to prevent the CIN. but there are many inconsistent trial results for unknown reasons.
Anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of the ethanol extract from Citrus unshiu MARC.
Authors: Cui Yan Ji , Jung Sung-Cherl , Eun Su- Yong
Published: May 2022

Citrus peel extract has shown anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in several tissues. Therefore ，we investigated whether the ethanol extract from Fruit peel of Citrus unshiu MARC. suppresses brain insult-induced excessive microglial activation and neuronal oxidative stress. Releases of NO，the major inflammatory mediator in microglia，and iNOS mRNA expressions were markedly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner following treatment of the ethanol extract from Citrus unshiu MARC. in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia cells. In addition, the extract significantly suppressed LPS-induced mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α IL-lβ and IL-6. On the other hand, the thanol extract exerted intracellular ROS scavenging activities in HT-22 neurons in a dose dependent manner (50-400 ug/ml)， suggesting the potent anti-oxidative stress effects in neurons. Taken together，these results suggest that Citrus unshiu MARC. peel extract has therapeutic potential against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via suppression of brain insult-induced microglial activation and neuronal oxidative stresses.
The Correlation between clinical performance examination scores and written examination scores and written examination scores
Authors: Kim Woo Jeong
Published: May 2022

Clinical performance examination(CPX) is a examination for comprehensive evaluation of clinical performance in medical education ，and was introduced to various medical examination including the national examination for certified Iicense of doctor Education and preparation for CPX became one of the most important courses in medical school，so it’s needed to know the correlation between conventional written examination and CPX. This study showed the correlations between written examination scores and some parts of CPX scores and suggested the points we should pay attention to for education of medical students.
The optimal time of Fraxel laser therapy in post operative scar
Authors: Yun Byung Min , Shin Myoung Soo
Published: May 2022

The optimal time to start fractionated C02 laser treatment has not determined. So it is needed to study the fitting start time. Fourteen patients with operative scars were enrolled in this study. Scars were evaluated using Vancouver Scar Scales. These results clarify that early treatment in postoperative scar is valid.
Comparisons of six filters to remove high-frequency noises from interfered ECG
Authors: Park Jong Cook , Park Sang Hyun , Kim Hye Jin
Published: May 2022

Background: An Electrocardiography obtained during operation is frequently contaminated with different types of noise. Noise sources such as an electrosurgical unit are obstacles that must be overcome by expert monitoring systems. We examined the six different low-pass filters (LPFs) designed to remove high frequency noises from an interfered ECG. Methods: ECG signals were collected using anesthesia monitors at a sampling rate of 300 Hz from 15 patients under general anesthesia. A high frequency sinusoidal noise signal of 38 Hz was added to the ECG signals to simulate - interfered ECG signals, Six LPFs (Window-sinc, 0% 6-pole, 0.6% 6-pole, 6% 6-pole, 16% 6-pole, and 26% 6-pole Chebyshev filler) were designed to remove the high frequency noise from the interfered ECG signal were constructed and their performance were tested. The one-way ANOVA was used to do statistical analysis on the differences between the LPFs. Results: In the correlation index and the reduction of magnitude of the high frequency noise, the Window-sinc filter was significantly better than the 6-pole Chebyshev groups (P< 0.01). In the 6-pole Chebyshev filters, rise in the ripple percentage increased noise reduction ratio but caused the distortion of QRS complex. Conclusions: We suggest the Window-sinc filter which performs better than 6-pole Chebyshev filters for removing noise from ECG signals. Further works are required to implement an optimized filter in real-time on an expert monitoring system.
The Obesity: Can it be the only factor of pulmonary aspiration during the induction of general anesthesia?- A case report-
Authors: Kim Hey Jin , Shin Hye Young , Park Jong Cook , Park Sang Hyun
Published: May 2022

During perioperative period, pulmonary aspiration is rare but has significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we Should keep in mind and try to prevent it. In this case that we report, even in the patient fasting 12 hours, adequate fasting before elective surgery, the patient with no risk factor except obesity (body mass index 34.9 kg/m2) underwent pulmonary aspiration. It suggests that obesity can be the only independent factor associated with pulmonary aspiration. Thus, we should be aware of unexpected aspiration pneumonia and should be particularly caution when performing induction of anesthesia in dealing with patients who are obese.
Obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension
Authors: Joo Seung-Jae
Published: May 2022

Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) is a common disorder of adults, which induces hypoxemia, hypercapnia, intrathoracic pressure change and arousals during the sleep. OSA may cause hypertension, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia(severe bradycardia, atrioventricular block, atrial fibrillation, ventricular premature beats, and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia), and stroke through intermediary mechanisms. Recent treatment guidelines of hypertension describe OSA as one of the secondary causes of hypertension, based on the cross-sectional cohort studies and longitudinal observational studies that showed the strong relationship between OSA and hypertension. Long-term nasal continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) decreases blood pressure of hypertensive patients with OSA. CPAP is especially effective in resistant hypertension, but its indications and clinical effectiveness are not still clear.
Effect of Hizkia fusiforme Okamura on the proliferation of dermal papilla celIs
Authors: Kang Jung-Il , Kim Sang-Cheol , Kim Min-Kyoung , Boo Hye-Jin , Kim Eun-Ji , Jeon You-Jin , Yoo Eun-Sook , Kang Hee-Kyoung
Published: May 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the hair-growth effects of seaweeds in Jeju by the proliferation of dermal papilla cells. Dermal papilla cells are mesenchymally-derived cells which play a pivotal role in the morphogenesis, regeneration, and growth of hair. Immortalized vibrissa dermal papilla cells were treated with algae extracts such as extract of Hizkia fusiform Okamura, extract of Padina arborescens Holmes, extract of Sargassum thunbergil, extract of Gelidium amansii, and extract of Grateloupia turuturu Yamada. Among them, the extract of H. fusiforme significantly increased proliferation of immortalized vibrissa dermal papilla cells. The results suggest that H. fusiforme extract has the potentiat to promote hair growth via the proliferation of dermal papilla cells.
Role of NOD-like receptor, caspase-1, and pyroptosis in clearance of Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Manzoor Zahid , Koh Young-Sang
Published: May 2022

Innate immune system plays a critical role in early detection of pathogen and inflammation-associated diseases. Detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) triggers the activation of inflammatory responses by the immune cells. Macrophage plays a critical role in innate immunity. Detection of pathogen by macrophages leads to activation of innate and adaptive immune response for neutralization and clearance of the pathogen. Salmonella typhimurium, an intracellular bacterium can infect and multiply in the cytosol of macrophages. NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4), a cytosolic PRR, has a vital role in detection of the infection. NLRC4 can detect flagellin of S. typhimurium which results in its clearance by pyroptosis. Clearance of S. typhimurium via pyroptosis is dependent on NLRC4- mediated activation of caspase-1, and independent of interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and IL-18. NLRC4 dependant activation of caspase-1 provides protection against a large number of translocated virulence factors. This method of innate immune detection permits the macrophage to discriminate virulent from avirulent bacteria. In this review we discuss that how S. typhimurium is detected and cleared by the innate immune system.
Differentiation and culture of dendritic cells from equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Jeung Il-Gu , Ko Eun-Ju , Kim Mi-Hyoung , Lim Yoon-Kyu , Joo Hong-Gu
Published: May 2022

Dendritic cells(DCs) derived from myeloid cells are the most potent antigen-presenting cells. In the mouse, it is possible to differentiate a number of DCs from bone marrow. However, the horse has trouble in sacrificing with economic problems. To our knowledge, the culture of equine DCs has not been performed yet in our country. Furthermore, the cytokine set for culture of equine DCs has not been established in this area. Thus, we tried some sets of cytokines and milogen for this purpose. Mononuclear cells were isolated from blood by Ficoll histopaque, versene solution and an adhesion process and then cultured for 4 days. Specific morphology and viability of DC were determined by visual observation using an optical microscope. Human Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor(GM-CSF) and equine interleukin(lL)-4 were certainly effective for culturing equine DCs. Antigen-stimulatory ability of equine DCs was confirmed by Mixed Leukocyte Reaction using 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. To verify antigen-uptake capability of DC, we usedfluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran and analyzed by using FACSCaliburⓇ flow cytometer(BD Biosciences). It was evident from our results that human GM-CSF could be used as an alternative cytokine for equine GM-CSF due to its genetic homogeneity. Taken together, this study demonstrated that human GM-CSF and equine IL-4 were effective to diflerentiate and proliferate DCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and enhanced its viability. The information from this study may provide the study of horse immunity with new insights and basic technology.
Simple Template in Craniofacial Surgery
Authors: Shin Myung-Soo , Yun Byung Min
Published: May 2022

Facial bone is composed by multiple, thin bones. When we treat facial bone fracture, most important thing is correct reduction. And then proper fixation using materials. The authors introduce the simple effective template for craniofacial surgery.
Fulminant type 1 diabetes associated with Coxsackievirus B4:A report of 2 cases
Authors: Yu Jung Re , Lee Sang Ah , Koh Gwanpyo , Lee Dae Ho
Published: May 2022

Fulminant type1 diabetes (T1 DM) has recently been identified as a new subtype of idiopathic diabeles, characlerized by rapid development of diabetes with no comorbidity of autoimmunity. Here, we report two cases of patients; each patient was presented with abrupt and extreme hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis without any evidence of previous diabetes mellitus. A 74-years-old man suffered from polydipsia for 2 days. At presentation, his serum C-peptide level was 0.06ng/ml, HbA 1c level was 6.7% and the serum Iipase was elevated. A 21-years-old man had polydipsia for 2 weeks. His serum C-peptide and HbA 1c levels were 0.73ng/ml and 17.6%, respectively. The serum lipase was normal. In both patients, anti-GAD antibody tests were negative, whereas tests for Coxsackievirus B4 virus infection were positive. Furthermore, insulin therapy is needed in both patients to control their blood glucose levels at discharges and during the follow-up period.
Appropriateness of emergency admission of cancer patients admission
Authors: Kang Young-Joon , Huh Jung-Sik
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the appropriateness of emergency admission of cancer patients and to make a policy of emergency department for diagnosing and treating of cancer patients.This study was undertaken of all cancer patients who visited during period from Jan. 1. 2007 to Dec. 31. 2008. ER records were reviewed retrospectively and ER doctor evaluated patients reason for appropriateness of emergency admission. 303 cancer patients were admitted via emergency department. 273 patients were visited by the will of patients or guardians 21 patients were transferred by the other hospital and 9 patients were referred from outpatients department. 224 patients were received the drug for pain control. Most common complaints were pain(30.4%), dyspnea(11.9%), general weakness(9.6%), fever(8.6%), mental change(7.3%), hemorrhage(5.3%), vomiting(4.3%), dysuria(3.D%), abdominal distension(2.0%). 284 patients were evaluated as appropriate. Below the age 50 and male patients referred by outpatient department were considered as statistically significant.(P=0.016)303 cancer patients visited to emergency department of Jeju National University Hospital complained pain, dyspnea, general weakness and 224 patients were received pain killer. Appropriateness of emergency admission were high but admissions in case of young age(below 50) and male patients referred by outpatients department were inappropriate.
Surgical enucleation of nasolabial cyst by sublabial approach
Authors: Kim Se-Hyung , Lim Gil Chai , Choi Seung Hyo , Hyun Chang Lim , Kim Jeong Hong
Published: May 2022

Nasolabial Cyst (also known as nasoalveolar or Klestadt’s cyst) is a rare soft tissue lesion that occurs in the region of the maxillary lip and atar base. It is usually unilaterally developmental, rather than inflammation, in origin and arises from non-odontogenic epithelium. The typical clinical feature of nasolabial cyst is a slowly enlarging asymptomatic swelling in the nasoalar base caused by a smooth and fluctuant space occupying mass. Nasolabial cyst is Iikely to remain undetected unless and until it becomes infected or associated with facial deformity. This report documents the presentation and management of nasolabial cyst in a 54-year-old female with complaint of swelling and tenderness lateral to right ala of nose for approximately 2 years and completely enucleated by sublabial surgical approach.
Genetic change of full-length hepatitis B virus in relapsed patients with chronic hepatitis B after lamivudine-induced HBeAg seroconversion
Authors: Cui Xiu Ji , Cho Yoo-Kyung , Song Byung-Cheol
Published: May 2022

Even though, therapy-induced HBeAg seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is durable in Western patients, frequent relapse of HBV has been reported in Korea. ln addition, HBV genotype C, which is prevalent in Korea, has been reported to be associated with relapse after lamivudine-induced HBeAg seroconversion, suggesting some viral factor might be associated with relapse after lamivudine-induced HBeAg seroconversion. Therefore. the goal of this study is to analyze the genetic changes of full-Iength HBV in relapsed 6 patients with chronic hepatitis B after lamivudine-induced HBeAg seroconversion. Full-length HBV DNA sequences at baseline. at the time of HBeAg seroconversion and relapse were analyzed. Amino acid substitutions and nucleotide changes occurred in specific regions in core protein, X protein, reverse transcriptase and basal core promoter (BCP). In the core protein. cP130T, cY88G, cE18oG were frequently detected. In X protein, xK130M, xV131F were found in all six patients at any time points. ln amino acids in reverse transcriptase, rtK267Q was observed in 4 patients. Mutations in the BCP occurred in all patients at baseline. At the time of HBeAg seroconversion, BCP mutation observed in 3 patients. However. at relapse, BCP mutation observed in 4 patients. ln patients with relapse after lamivudine-induced HBeAg seroconversion, substitution in specific amino acid and preexisting BCP mutation might contribute to the high relapse in Korean patient with chronic hepatitis B.
Treatment of skin cancer of scalp
Authors: Shin Myung Soo , Yun Byung Min
Published: May 2022

As donor sites, scalp has multiple merits of rapid wound healing, easy postoperative care, hidden donor scar. So we choice scalp skin as a skin graft donor site for defected area of wide excised skin cancer of scalp.
Update of Medical Treatment in Meniere's disease
Authors: Lim Gil Chai , Kim Jeong Hong , Choi Seung Hyo
Published: May 2022

Meniere’s disease is a chronic illness that affect a substant number of patients every year. The disease is characterized by intermittent episodes of vertigo lasting from minutes to hours, with flucluating sensorineural hearing toss (SNHL), tinnitus, and earfullness. Although there is currently no cure, patients with Meniere‘s disease are helped by either changes in Iifestyle and medical treatment, or minimally invasive surgical procedures such as intratympanic steroid therapy, intratympanic gentamicin therapy. I want to introduce update of medical treatment of Meniere’s disease.
Antioxidant effect of Codiaceae(Green algae)
Authors: Hyun Yu Jae , Piao Mei Jing , Hyun Jin Won
Published: May 2022

Ultraviolet B(UVB) increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in cellular damage. So it is important to find the antioxidant to prevent from UVB-induced skin damage. Green algae (Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, Codium platylobium Areschoug, Codium intricatum Okamura, and Codium contratum Kiellman) showed the intracellular ROS scavenging effect. However, these alge show the some cyloloxic effect in HaCaT cells at same concentration tested in 2’,7‘-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay. Therefore, it needs to evaluate cytotoloxic effect of these alge against melanoma cells.
Effects of Several Flavonoids on KU812 and RBL-2H3 mast cell line
Authors: Koo Dong-Hwan , Han Sang-Chul , Kang Gyroung-Jin , Kang Hee-Kyoung , Yoo Eun-Sook
Published: May 2022

Allergic disease including atopic dermatitis (AD), bronchial asthma and rhinitis are inflammatory responses. AD is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disease that have symptoms such as pruritus. AlIergic responses associate with mast cells which play as the major effector cells in immediate hypersensitivity (type I response) through activation via the high-affinity IgE receptor, Fce RI, although many other functions have recently been discovered for this cell type. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a cytokine that produced by various types of cells upon stimulated by antigen, inflammatory stimuli and exerts a variety of functions on mast cells and neutrophils. Release of histamine is a degranulation marker in simulated mast cells. Flavonoids are chemical substance in plants have antl-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the effects of flavonoids on the expression of IL-8 on KU812 cells using flow cytometry and the inhibition of histamine release on RBL-2H3 cells. Mast cells stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187 and treated with flavonoids suppressed IL-8 and histamine. We found that most of flavonoids inhibited the expression of IL-8 on KU812 cells and the histamine release on RBL-2H3 cells. Therefore, these results suggest that flavonoids have connection with expression of IL-8and inhibition of histamine release in mast cells.
Patient with neuropathic pain after repetitive surgical treatment
Authors: Choi Yun Suk , Park Jong Cook , Yun So Hui
Published: May 2022

Anticonvulsant drugs have been used in the management of pain since the 1960s. The clinical impression is that they are useful for neuropathic pain, especially when the pain is lancinating ar burning. We experienced a case of a 40-year-old male patient complaining of ankle neuropathic pain after repetitive surgical treatment, which was relieved after anticonvulsant medication.
Treatment of 3 patients with sudden sensorineural Hearing loss for more Than 1 year
Authors: Kang Ji-Yeon , Kim Se-Hyeong , Choi Seung-Hyo
Published: May 2022

Generally sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is progressive and intractable. However, sudden SNHL (SSNHL) is curable and has various prognosis. The prognosis of SSNHL depends on a variety of risk factors including demographics, duration of hearing loss, associated symptoms, and audiogram characteristics. Presentation to a physician less than a week after onset of SSNHL also correlates with improved oddsof hearing recovery, with chances of complete hearing recovery decreasing after that time. Nevertheless we treated 3 patients with SSNHL more than 1 year passed after onset of disease. We did intratympanic steroid injection (lTSI) to them and they took low dose oral steroid for less than 3 weeks. They recovered his hearing threshold within normal range and have maintained unlil now.
Abdominal vs Vaginal approach for pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Kim Young-Joo , Kim Sung Dae , Huh Jung-Sik
Published: May 2022

Pelvic organ prolapse(POP) is a common, affecting women of all ages and costly affliction of older women, especially. It has been known that surgical technique for POP is vaginal approach or abdominal approach with/without synthetic mesh and biological graft the common vaginal and abdominal surgical procedures for POP repair according to the defective compartment, with quoted success rates based on anatomical criteria. The objective of this review is to know pros and cons of two surgical approach. Operator needs to be proficient in many different prolapse surgical techniques so that approach of surgical treatment for POP can be tailored to patient needs.
The Mystery of Jejudo in Cholangiocarcinoma and chronic Clonorchis sinensis Infection
Authors: Bae Jong-Myon
Published: May 2022

In spite of the negligible prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection in Jejudo, the incidence rates in intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas(CCA) in women who resided in Jejudo showed the first order in Korea. This fact would bring a chance to evaluate some risk factors of CCA because approximately 10% of CCA in Korea were allegedly caused by chronic Clonorchis sinensis infections.
Effects of glucocorticoid treatment on gene expression in astrocytes and microglia
Authors: Cui Yan-Ji , Jung Sung-Cherl , Eun Su-Young
Published: May 2022

In the present study. we investigated cell type-specific effects of glucocorticoid on cellular function and gene expression in different brain cells. Dexamethasone (DEX, ㎛), a synthetic glucocorticoid, was treated for 24 h in HT-22 neurons, C6 astrocytes and BV-2 microglial cells. DEX Irealment significantly increased cellular mRNA levels of crystallin alpha B in C6 astrocytes and the effects were reversed by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU486 (Mifepristone). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 200 ng/ml) -induced NO release, nuclei translocation of NF-κB, degradation of cytosol IκB, and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha in microglia, a well-known phenomenon presenting pro-inflammatory capacity of microglia, was suppressed by DEX treatment. These effects were reversed by RU486 treatment. Our results suggest that glucocorticoid might deteriorate neuronal survival and maintenance offunction. Astrocytes and microglia might protect damaged neurons vulnerable to stress hormone. Taken together, we postulate neuron-glia interaction and the specific roles of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in stress responses and stress-related psychiatric disorders such as depression.
The Analysis of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Complications according to
Biopsy Strategy guided by Trans-Rectal Ultra Sonography(TRUS)
Authors: Lee Jong Young , Huh Jung-Sik
Published: May 2022

Purpose : Generally the diagnosis of prostate cancer has been procedured by pro state biopsy guided by transrectalultrasonography (TRUS). An increase in the number of prostate biopsy procedures, causes increase in both cancer detectionrates and associated complications. The purpose of this study is to analyze of prostate cancer detection rate and complicationsaccording to prostate biopsy strategy.Methods : We analyzed the 365 patients who visited Jeju National University(JNU) Hospital from March 2009 to January 2012,conducted the prostate biopsy guided by TRUS. The patients with prostate cancer might show the noticeable symptomsincluding high PSA level, palpable nodule in the prostate rectal examination, or low echo lesion in TRUS. We divided the patientsinto 2 groups: Comparison of sextant biopsy (group 1) and 10 prostate biopsy (group 2).Results : There was no difference in average age and past medical history such as diabetes mellitus(DM), hypertension(HTN)or cerebro vascular accident(CVA) between two groups. However, prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was higher in group 2.We detected a variety of complications such as hematuria, acute urinary retention, urinary tract infection and rectal bleeding inboth groups. Except rectal bleeding, there were no differences in the complications. The diagnosis of prostate cancer washigher in group 2, and statistically significant (p = 0.012). There was no significant difference in Gleason score between twogroups.Conclusion : The procedure of prostate biopsy guided by TRUS is generally safe, and 10 location of prostate biopsy usingTRUS can further help in prostate cancer diagnosis.
Three cases of cutaneous Munchausen's syndrome
Authors: Ock Jong-Woo , Kim Jae-Wang
Published: May 2022

Munchausen's syndrome is a rare chronic factitious disorder characterized by pathological lying, the intentional production ofphysical symptoms, and a restless wandering from hospital to hospital in order to obtain hospitalization or extensiveinterventions. Clinically, a variety of cutaneous presentations of Munchausen's syndrome may include dermatitis artefacta. Herein,we describe three cases of cutaneous Munchausen's syndrome with clinically intractable courses.
Thyroglossal tract remnants with a cyst in an adult cadaver
Authors: Kim Sung Hyun , Maeng Young Hee , Yoon Sang Pil
Published: May 2022

Although thyroglossal tract remnants are not uncommon in adults, it is still important due to the carcinomatous involvement.We found a case of thyroglossal tract remnants with a cyst formation in a 37-year-old Korean male cadaver during a routinedissection course, whose cause of death was rectal carcinoma. A left-deviated thyroglossal duct cyst was located thyrohyoidlevel and thyroglossal tract remnants connected below and above, behind the hyoid bone, the cyst. In addition, we examinedthe possible involvement of carcinoma in thyroglossal duct cyst histopathologically, but found it a simple cyst containingrespiratory epithelium and thyroid follicles. These results indicated that clinicians should keep in mind the possibility ofcarinomatous change with thyroglossal duct cyst in adult patients over fourth decades, although the prevalence is very low.
Frontal Cranioplasty Using Hydroxyapatite(Bonesourceⓡ)
Authors: Shin Myung Soo , Yun Byung Min
Published: May 2022

The aims of cranioplasty are to solve cosmetic and functional problems.The authors report frontal reconstruction with Hydroxyapatite(Bonesourceⓡ) for a patient who suffered from skull deformity.
Primary Ovarian Pregnancy with intrauterine device(IUD) :
a case report and reviews of the literature
Authors: Shin Kyu-ha , Lee Jae-sung , Kim Sung-yob
Published: May 2022

Ovarian pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy, with a reported incidence of approximately 3% of all ectopicpregnancies. We report a primary ovarian pregnancy in a 29-year-old woman with a history of intrauterine device. The patientwas admitted to the emergency department with signs and symptoms of acute abdomen with hemoperitoneum. Diagnosticlaparoscopy and pelviscopic right ovarian cystectomy were performed. On histopathological examination, products of conceptionembedded in the ovarian tissue were seen, which were confirmatory of primary ovarian pregnancy. This article is to describe acase of ovarian pregnancy and to discuss reviews of the literature.
Bilateral tension pneumothorax with late-stage acute respiratory distress syndrome
without mechanical ventilation: A case study
Authors: Oh Hyun-Joo , Lee Jong Hoo
Published: May 2022

Pneumothorax associated with ventilator induced lung injury is a frequent and fatal complication for patients with acuterespiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) receiving mechanical ventilation. There have been few cases of spontaneous bilateralpneumothorax in patients with late-stage ARDS who had not received mechanical ventilation. We describe the detailed courseof our case and a brief literature review on pneumothoraces in patients with late-stage ARDS who did not receive mechanicalventilation. Our case suggests that even in patients with ARDS not receiving ventilatory support, monitoring for the presence ofpneumothorax seems to be needed.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-associated Eosinophilic Folliculitis
Authors: Lee Ji-Na , Kim Jae-Wang
Published: May 2022

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis(EPF) is a rare non-infectious chronic folliculosis of unknown cause with recurrent crops ofpruritic, folliculocentric, sterile papulopustules on the seborrheic zones and a prominent eosinophilic infiltrate. EPF can beclassified into three variants: classic type(Ofuji’s disease), human immunodeficiency virus-associated type(HIV-associatedeosinophilic folliculitis, HAEF), and infantile type. HAEF represents the different clinical features compared with classic type. Weherein report one case of HAEF occurring in a 38-year-old man who had a myriad of extremely itchy follicular papulopustules,nodules, wheal-like non-follicular papules, excoriation and crusts on his face, neck, torso and proximal limbs. The skin biopsytaken from a papular lesion on the chest revealed HAEF.
The Analysis of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms(LUTS) in the Elderly Living in Jeju Island
Authors: Choi Jung Won , Huh Jung-Sik
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS) is induced by benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH), which is highly prevalentdisease of elderly men unregulated growth of the prosate gland. We investigated on the prevalence of LUTS among men of Jejuregion above 65 years old.Method and material: 215 of 1000, who had participated in health promotion for farmers in 2012 were included. They weremeasured by blood pressure(BP), body weight, height, waist circumference, blood glucose, serum prostate specific antigen(PSA),international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life(QoL) digital rectal examination(DRE) for measuring prostate volume,and residual volume after voiding by bladder scan. We divided the participants into 3 gruops;comparison of mild. moderate, andsevere groups in IPSS.Results: The mean age, prostate volume, waist, PSA, IPSS, QoL were 74.47 years old, 24.83ml, 92.01cm, 29.48ng/dL, 11.18,3.23, respectively. There was no differnce in age, prostate volume, PSA, residual volume, IPSS in different age groups. Theprosate volume was higher in group 3(IPSS<20), and statistically significant(p=0.01). IPSS was significant relationships with QoL.Conclusions: According to our results, moderate symptom of LUTS were common in Jeju region. Because there was no pastmedical history, no current medication and small participants, we need to more investigation for elderly men.
One-stage Combined Approach to “Dumbbell” Neurogenic Tumor
Authors: Lee So Jeong , Lee Chang sub , Kim Su Wan
Published: May 2022

Mediastinal “dumbbell” tumors are constricted at the point they penetrate the intervertebral foramina or dura mater andassume an hourglass shape. Nowadays, the term is used as a conceptual term meaning separate tumors that connect andhave two or more separate regions such as intradural space, epidural space, and mediastinum. Because of their variedlocations, dumbbell tumors have variable features, clinical symptoms, and pathological characteristics different from commonspinal tumors, and therefore, their surgical treatment is also different. A 51-year-old female presented with ambiguousnumbness on her right lower back. Clinical studies revealed a large mediastinal mass in the posterior mediastinum whichpenetrated the vertebral foramen of the eleventh thoracic vertebra and was composed of dumbbell tumor. We completelyexcised the tumor through one-stage combined approach by thoracic surgery and neurosurgery.
Cervical Cancer Treatment in Pregnancy
Authors: Jung Sun-a , Kim Sung-yob
Published: May 2022

Cancer in pregnancy is a rare phenomenon. It is estimated to occur in 1:1000 pregnancies. Especially the incidence ofcervical cancer in pregnancy is approximately 1/1000-10000 pregnancies. As matenal age increases, most cancer age-relatedcancer incidence changes. Thus cervical cancer diagnosed during pregnancy increases along with the delay of childbearing.Pregnancy is an exceptional opportunity for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Because routine antenatal care includesvisual inspection, cytological examination and bimaual palpation. Although cervical cancer during pregnancy is usually operable,fetal maturity is another problem. So both patient and medical team breaks out argument. During pregnancy, high estrogen levelcan change the cervix. The change is normal physiological feature in pregnancy. But it can lead to an overestimation ofpossible lesion. There is no definitive evidence that the pregnant state shifts the characters of cervical cancer. The managementof cervical cancer during pregnancy depends on gestational age at diagnosis, stage of disease and patient desire for thepregnancy. So multidisciplinary approach is required for which includes obstetrician, gynecologic oncology, surgeon, radiationoncologist, neonatalogist, pathology.
Chest Tuberculosis: Radiological Classification According to Current Concepts
Authors: Jeong Sun Young , Kim Jeong Jae , Choi Gukmyung , Kim Seung Hyung , Hwang Im Kyung
Published: May 2022

Tuberculosis(TB) is one of the most important infectious diseases, causing high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Thetraditional imaging concept of primary and reactivation TB recently has been challenged on the basis of DNA finger printing; theradiological findings are closely related with the patient's immune status rather than the elapsed time after the infection. In thisregard, we need to use new radiological classification instead of using the inappropriate previous terminologies (primary andreactivation TB). In this paper, we will classify the imaging findings of chest TB as follows; parenchymal TB (air-spaceconsolidation, focal nodular lesion and linear density, cavity, tuberculoma, fibrosis-scar-destruction), tracheobronchial TB, miliaryTB, lymph node TB, pleural TB, and pericardial TB.
Anti-proliferative Activity of NVP-BEZ235, a Dual Inhibitor of PI3K
and mTOR, in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Park Deok Bae , Lee Youngki
Published: May 2022

In colorectal cancer diverse mutations of genes involved in signal transduction pathways for cell survival and proliferation areobserved, which have been the therapeutic targets for improvement of malignancies. The present study was undertaken toinvestigate whether NVP-BEZ235 (BEZ235), a dual inhibitor of PI3K/mTOR, shows any anti-proliferative effect on colorectal celllines harboring KRAS, and/or, PIK3CA, and/or BRAF mutations and to determine whether these mutational status affects thesensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to BEZ235. BEZ235 treatment induced growth inhibition in all four cell lines tested. HCT116cell line with both KRAS and PIK3CA mutation, and LoVo cell line with KRAS mutation showed higher IC50 values (643±19 nMand 663±7 nM, respectively) at 3 days post-treatment. On the other hand, HCT15 cell line harboring the same mutationalstatus as HCT116 with KRAS and PIK3CA mutation, and HT29 cell line with BRAF mutation were more sensitive to BEZ235 (IC50values; 25±7 nM and 213±40 nM, respectively). At suboptimal concentrations of BEZ235 (50 nM), HCT116 and LoVo cell lineswere less responsive comparing with the HCT15 and HT29 cell lines, whereas a higher doses of BEZ235 showed a similarresponse of growth inhibition in all four cell lines tested except HCT15. These studies provide the preclinical rationale forevaluating the efficacy of BEZ235.
Preliminary Results on Using Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization of Colorectal Cancer Tissues
Authors: Chang Weon-young
Published: May 2022

Recent advances in cytogenetics have provided an opportunity for improvement in the measurement of aneuploidy by comparative genomic hybridization methods. In this study, chromosomal number variation(CNV) detection for 12 human colorectal cancer DNA samples was tried. Total 82 CNV was found, 19 gains and 63 losses, which including 326 chromosomal number variation regions. These results lead us to future studies that will be required to ascertain the meaning of gains and losses of chromosomes.
The Anesthetic Management of Organ Harvesting of the Brain Dead Dnor -Case Report-
Authors: Lee Yeon Soo , Park Sun Kyung , Yun So Hui , Park Jong Cook , Choi Yun Suk
Published: May 2022

Organ transplantation by brain dead donor is a treatment option of end-stage organ disease. Brain dead donor results in a devastating physiological changes associated with deterioration of the function of other organs. Therefore, optimal anesthetic managements were required to achieve successful organ harvesting. We experienced for the first time the anesthetic management of organ harvesting of the brain dead donor in Jeju National University Hospital.
Arthroscopic-Assised Reduction and Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis for Complete Articular Fractures of the Distal Femure
Authors: Choi Ji Eun , Choi Sungvvook , Kang Sang-Min , Kim Dong-Hee
Published: May 2022

We designed a study to evaluate the effectiveness of arthroscopic-assisted reduction and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of the distal femure fracture (AO type 3.3 C). Among the patient who were treated from April 2008 to September 2011, 13 cases with complete articular fractures of the distal femure (AO type 3.3 C) arthroscopic-assisted reduction and minimally invasive plate synthesis were reviewed in this study. We reviewed the results of time to union, complications, clinical and radiologic assessments. Fourteen of 15 operative patients gained union with an average time of 15 weeks (range, 12 to 24 weeks). The average Tegner activity level was 4 (range, 2 to 6), Lysholme knee score was 90.2 points (range, 60 to 100 points). As for complications, one superficial infection, one nonunion, and one loosening of screw were seen. Although arthroscopic-assisted surgery is technically more demanding than the traditional open reduction and internal fixation, it is found to be an effective method of treating intraarticular fractures of the distal femure, because it has advantages of direct visualization of intra-articular fractures, accurate fracture reduction, simplified diagnosis and treatment of meniscal and ligamentous injuries and induces osteosynthesis with reduced of the rates of infection and nonunion.
48 Years Old Patient Bilateral Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Occurred in Order: Correlation of Hearing loss with Obstruction of Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery and Probability of Collateral Circulation of Cochlea.
Authors: Choi Seung Hyo , Lee Ho Won , Lee Si Yung
Published: May 2022

He lost suddenly right hearing 2 months ago, but he didn't his sudden sensori neural hearing loss (SSNHL). He had left SSNHL 1 day ago, he visited Jeju National University Hospital. He only complained of hearing loss. In pure tone audiometry (PTA), his hearing was measured 62dB/24% at right side and 87dB/0% at left side respectively. The magnetic resonance image (MRI) and angiography (MRA) of the brain showed total occlusion of right internal carotid artery and both anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) was invisible in MRA. There was no AICA infarction in diffusion image of brain MRI. We treated him with high dose methylprednisolone, intratympanic dexamethasone injection (ITDI), IV alprostadil 10pg, ginkobiloba, pentoxifyline and aspirin. In addition, we detected hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) and treated diseases with department of internal medicine. After treatment for 2 months brain MRI and MRA showed more abundant collateral circulation of brain than initial MRA.But both AICA was invisible. After treatment for 4 months his left hearing was measured 30dB/90% at left side in PTA.
Treatment, Management and Prevention of Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Kim Young-Joo , Park Kyung-kgi , Huh Jung-Sik , Kim Sung Dae
Published: May 2022

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most commonly occurring nosocomial infection worldwide, accounting for approximately 40% of all hospital acquired infections. A lot of hospitalized patients undergo insertion of a urinary catheter at some time during their hospital days, and the use of indwelling urinary catheters appears to be increasing. And 80% of urinary tract infection is related to urinary catheterization. Unfortunately, many physicians don' t know about appropriate indications for use of indwelling urethral catheters as well as accurate criteria of CAUTI. Therefore, these could result in a potential source of CAUTI, leading to unnecessary use of antibiotics for treatment of asympk)matic bacteriuria, inducing of resistant organisms. Most CAUTI are derived from the patient's own colonic flora and the catheter predisposes to UTI in several ways. The most important risk factor for the development of CAUTI is the duration of catheterization. The clinician should be aware of two priorities： the catheter system should remain closed and the duration of catheterization should be minimal. While the catheter is in place, systemic antimicrobial treatment of asymptomatic catheter-associated bacteriuria is not recommended, except for some special cases.
Colletotrichum keratoscleritis Diagnosed by 18S rDNA Sequencing
Authors: Cho Minchoel , Kim Young Ree , Kang Sung Ha , Kim Sun Hyung , Jung Jin Ho , Lee Keun Hwa
Published: May 2022

The Colletotrichum, well-known plant pathogens were increasingly reported to cause human ophthalmic infections inworldwide and until now, only one case of Colletotrichum keratitis was reported in our country. Although it is an uncommoncause of keratitis, usually secondary to corneal erosion caused by plant material, but, should be included in the differentialdiagnosis of fungal keratitis. In our Jeju Province, some peoples may be usually exposed to plants during farming. Weintroduce here a case of ophthalmic infections, keratoscleritis due to the Colletotrichum species in an immunocompetent farmerwith underlying diabetes mellitus and hypertension, initially not suspected by SDA and LPCB stain and revealed by PCR and18S rDNA sequencing as the Colletotrichum species.
The Efficacy of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Treatment in Prepubertal Children
with Short Stature due to Small for Gestational Age
Authors: Shin Kyung-Sue
Published: May 2022

Recombinant human growth hormone (GH) has been recognized as an effective treatment for short-statured children bornsmall for their gestational age (SGA). This report described the treatment of recombinant human GH in prepubertal children withshort stature due to SGA. Recombinant human GH was administered with a subcutaneous dose of 0.1 IU/kg/day(0.033mg/kg/day) for 6 days per week. Height velocity and height standard deviationscore (SDS) were increased, and recombinanthuman GH was well tolerated and relatively safe. However, despite similar circumstance, there were some differences betweentwo cases with a gained height velocity and height SDS. Although the response to GH treatment is influenced by the dose, ageat start, stature at start, and means parental height, further studies are necessary to predict the efficacy of GH treatment inshort-statured children born small for SGA.
Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis Caused by a Mutation in the
Sodium Channel SCN4A Gene
Authors: Kim Youn Kyoung , Kang Sa-Yoon
Published: May 2022

Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HyperPP) is an autosomal dominant muscle sodium channelopathy characterized by recurrentepisode of reversible paralysis with concomitant hyperkalemia. The diagnosis of HyperPP is suggested by a history of attacks ofparalysis, positive family history, and the presence of myotonia. A 19-year-old man presented with recurrent generalized limbweakness since childhood. The paralysis often followed by fatigue, exercise, and fasting. His parents were clinically unaffectedand had never experienced paralytic symptoms. Electromyographic evaluation demonstrated myotonic discharge. Directsequencing of SCN4A exon 24 revealed a heterozygous A>G transition at nucleotide 4774, resulting in the substitution of amethionine by a valine at codon 1592 (Met1592Val). We report a patient with HyperPP confirmed by Met1592Val mutation inSCN4A gene.