bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Influence of Risk Communications and Subjective Norms on the Purchase Intention of Soft Structured Carriers (SSC) and Their Impact on Perceived Risk
Authors: Lestari Indah , Kurniasari Florentina , Utomo Prio
Published: October 2022

Aims: This study aims to study, analyze and reveal the factors influencing the interest in purchasing Soft Structured Carriers (SSC) in millennial mothers in the Jabodetabek area.

Study Design: Cross Sectional Quantitative Research.

Place and Duration of Study: 271 millennial parents in Jabodetabek who have bought soft structured carrier (SSC) at least once and still have kids below 1-year-old.

Methodology: This study used a quantitative with causal research approach and included 271 respondents (24 living in Depok, 32 living in Bogor, 56 living in Bekasi, 61 living in Tangerang, and 98 living in Jakarta; age range 25-40 years). The data gathered using questionnaire. Sample methods using the guideline from Hair et al. (2017); therefore, in this study, based on purposive (judgemental) sampling techniques and being analysed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (SEM).

Results: The results of this study found that the direct relationship between risk communication (RC) had a positive and significant effect on perceived risk (PR) and purchase intention (PI), PR had a positive and significant effect on PI, but for subjective norms (SN), it was found that it did not affect PI. RC to PR has the most significant influence compared to other relationships. Attention to the RC factor can increase buying interest by only causing a PR factor in people's minds. Furthermore, in the indirect relationship, it is found that PR mediates the relationship between RC and PI. Therefore, PR has effectiveness in connecting RC with purchase intention.

Conclusion: Of the five hypotheses tested, one of them has no influence where Subjective norms were found not to affect Purchase intention. In indirect hypothesis testing, it is found that Perceived risk mediates the relationship between risk communication and purchase intention.
High-Resolution Biostratigraphic, and Paleoenvironmental Analysis of AJAYI-01 Well, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi Mayowa D.
Published: October 2022

A high-resolution biostratigraphy study and paleoenvironment analysis were carried out on composited fifteen (15) ditch-cutting samples retrieved from AJAYI-01 well, offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria. The studied intervals range from 4060feet – 4960feet and were subjected to foraminifera, calcareous nannofossil and palynological analysis to determine their age, biozonation and environment of deposition. The standard laboratory preparation techniques of wet sieving, simple smear method, and Hydrofluoric (HF) and Hydrochloric (HCl) acids maceration techniques respectively. A sedimentological description of the ditch-cutting samples was carried out.

Three major foraminifera zones of Turborotalia peripheroacuta/Bolivina mandoroveensis Zone, Praeorbulina glomerosa/Nonion centrosulcatum Zone and Catapsydrax dissimilis/Buliminella subfusiformis Zone and the important marker Heterostegina sp. was recognized in the well based on the critical evaluation of bioevents and correlatable datums. The nannofossil zones of Helicosphaera ampliaperta and Sphenolithus heteromorphus were erected for this well based on the index taxa and fossil assemblage recorded. The palynological data consists of highly diversified assemblages dominated by terrestrial forms such as Zonocostites ramonae, Monoporites annulatus, Laevigatosporites sp., Verrucatosporites sp., Retitricolporites sp., Acrostichum aureum. The important marker recorded was Crassoretitriletes vanraadshooveni (FDO) at 4420feet. The well is dated early to middle Miocene (NN4 –NN5) based on the occurrence of marker species Helicosphaera ampliaperta and Sphenolithus heteromophus which corresponds to Crassoretitriletes vanraadshooveni - Echitricolporites spinosus Zone (P720-P680) subzones.

A tentative sequence stratigraphic framework for the studied sequences was established. A condensed section that is associated with the Maximum Flooding Surface (MFS) was dated 15.20Ma at 4480 feet based on peak faunal abundance and diversity. The environment of deposition has sediments deposited in the marine environment fluctuating between middle neritic and inner neritic to the littoral, including coastal deltaic settings based on deductions from foraminiferal, palynological and sedimentological data.
Development and Validation of a Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Bupropion and Dextromethorphan Using Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Form
Authors: Kumar P. Sugandha , Rambabu Kantipudi
Published: October 2022

Aims: New validated method for the simultaneous estimation of Bupropion and Dextromethorphan using HPLC.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, RVR & JC College of Engineering, Chowdavaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, between July 2022 and August 2022.

Methodology: Using Inertsil ODS 250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm column, acetonitrile and 0.1 percent formic acid (30:70 v/v) as a mobile phase, the proposed method successfully achieved effective chromatographic separation with a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a wave length of 240 nm. The Bupropion and Dextromethorphan peaks were resolved within 5 minutes of elution time, with the Bupropion peak eluting at 2.054 minutes and the Dextromethorphan peak eluting at 3.940 minutes.

Results: The proposed method displays excellent linearity in the concentration ranges of 52.5-315 µg/mL for Bupropion and 22.5-135 µg/mL for Dextromethorphan. The RSD of robustness levels has a maximum of just 2 percent.

Conclusion: The accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of the method were all found to be in line with ICH guidelines, when the procedure was developed and tested.
Comparison of Industry Payments to Physicians and Advanced Practice Clinicians
Authors: Zhang Audrey D. , Anderson Timothy S.
Published: October 2022

This study uses Open Payments data to characterize and compare payments to physicians and advanced practice clinicians.
Association of Vaginal Progesterone Treatment With Prevention of Recurrent Preterm Birth
Authors: Nelson David B. , Lafferty Ashlyn , Venkatraman Chinmayee , McDonald Jeffrey G. , Eckert Kaitlyn M. , McIntire Donald D. , Spong Catherine Y.
Published: October 2022

Importance

Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has been suggested that vaginal progesterone (VP) treatment may reduce the recurrence of PTB.

Objective

To evaluate the association of VP treatment with prevention of recurrent PTB among patients with a singleton pregnancy.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective, observational cohort study, set in a public health care system for inner-city pregnant patients, enrolled patients with prior spontaneous PTB (gestational age, ≤35 weeks) receiving VP from May 15, 2017, to May 7, 2019. Patients who delivered between 1998 and 2011 served as a referent cohort matched 3:1 for obesity, race and ethnicity, and individual specific preterm birth history. Statistical analysis was performed from August 19, 2021, to September 2, 2022.

Exposure

Patients received 90 mg of vaginal progesterone, 8%, nightly, initiated between 16 weeks and 0 days and 20 weeks and 6 days of pregnancy until 36 weeks and 6 days of pregnancy or delivery.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was overall rate of recurrent PTB at 35 weeks or less of patients given VP compared with the 3:1 matched untreated historical controls. Secondary outcomes included assessment of PTB according to adherence (≥80% completing scheduled doses), duration of pregnancy relative to index gestational age, progesterone blood levels, and outcomes for those who declined VP.

Results

A total of 417 patients (mean [SD] age, 30.4 [5.9] years; 64 Black patients [15.3%]; 272 [65.2%] with a body mass index of ≥30) received VP and were matched with 1251 controls (mean [SD] age, 28.8 [5.7] years; 192 Black patients [15.3%]; 816 [65.2%] with a body mass index of ≥30). The overall rate of recurrent PTB was 24.0% (100 of 417; 95% CI, 20.0%-28.4%) for the VP cohort compared with 16.8% (1394 of 8278) expected in the matched historical controls. Adherence was not associated with lower rates of recurrent PTB compared with nonadherence (odds ratio, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.51-1.41]). The mean difference between historical matched controls and those using VP was 0.2 weeks (95% CI, −1.4 to 1.0 weeks) without improvement in the interval of recurrent PTB after the implementation of VP (P = .73). Progesterone blood levels for patients who were adherent compared with those who were nonadherent were not significantly different at either 24 or 32 weeks (24 weeks: 99 ng/mL [95% CI, 85-121 ng/mL] vs 104 ng/mL [95% CI, 89-125 ng/mL]; P = .16; 32 weeks: 200 ng/mL [95% CI, 171-242 ng/mL] vs 196 ng/mL [95% CI, 155-271 ng/mL]; P = .69).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study of patients with a current singleton pregnancy suggests that VP was not associated with a reduction in recurrent PTB.
Prevalence of and Factors Associated With High Blood Pressure Among Adolescents in India
Authors: Vasudevan Anil , Thomas Tinku , Kurpad Anura , Sachdev Harshpal S.
Published: October 2022

Importance

High blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents is becoming one of the most common health conditions worldwide and is much more widely prevalent than previously thought.

Objective

To estimate the prevalence of high BP in adolescents in India and identify associated factors.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study is a secondary analysis of data from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS, 2016-2018), which used a multistage, stratified, probability proportion to size cluster sampling design to enroll a nationally representative sample of households and individuals aged 10 to 19 years across all states and union territories of India. Adolescents with acute or chronic illness, physical deformity, mental illness, or cognitive disability were excluded from the survey. Because BP was measured only in children between 10 and 19 years of age, only data from children within this age group were included for secondary analyses. Data analysis was performed from March 2021 to April 2022.

Exposures

Anthropometry.

Main Outcomes and Measures

On the basis of the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines, high BP was defined as stage 1 and 2 hypertension, with BP above the 95th percentile in children younger than 13 years and greater than 130/80 mm Hg in children 13 years or older. The association of age, sex, region, socioeconomic status, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and lipid profile with high BP were examined using log binomial regression.

Results

Among 16 182 eligible children aged 10 to 19 years (mean [SD] age, 14.2 [2.8] years; 7849 [48.5%] female and 8333 [51.5%] male), 11 718 had valid BP data with 3 repeated readings. the prevalence of high BP was 35.1% (95% CI, 31.5%-38.9%) in children aged 10 to 12 years and 25.1% (95% CI, 22.5%-28.0%) in children 13 years or older. Overweight and obesity were associated with a higher risk of high BP in both younger (prevalence ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04-1.34) and older children (prevalence ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.18-1.49). The prevalence of high BP in younger children with stunting was high at 40.1% (95% CI, 31.9%-48.9%) and was 21.9% (95% CI, 18.2%-26.1%) among older children with stunting. In both age groups, high BP coexisted with other cardiovascular disease risk factors, such that adolescents with high fasting blood glucose, high hemoglobin A1c, high triglyceride, and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels had a higher risk of high BP.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of high BP, along with cardiovascular risk factors, was substantial in Indian adolescents. There is a need to screen and identify adolescents who have high BP and initiate interventions to control the burden of hypertension and its consequences in India.
The cross‐talk between Abl2 tyrosine kinase and TGFβ1 signalling modulates the invasion of clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma cells
Authors: De Marco Sofia , Torsello Barbara , Minutiello Emanuela , Morabito Ivana , Grasselli Chiara , Bombelli Silvia , Zucchini Nicola , Lucarelli Giuseppe , Strada Guido , Perego Roberto A. , Bianchi Cristina
Published: October 2022

Clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and metastatic urological cancer. Molecular players of ccRCC progression and metastasis are not completely known. Here, using primary cell cultures from patients' specimens, we found that TGFβ1/Smad signalling is more activated in high versus low grade ccRCC and inversely correlates with Abl2 tyrosine kinase protein expression. TGFβ1 treatment increased ubiquitination and degradation of Abl2 protein in ccRCC cell lines by TGFβ1/Smad pathway activation and reactive oxygen species production. 3D invasion and matrix degradation assays showed that Abl2 promoted TGFβ1‐induced ccRCC cell invasion and maturation of invadopodia, a hallmark of tumour invasion and metastasis. Our findings define Abl2 as a new downstream molecule of TGFβ1 signalling and putative target to counteract advanced ccRCC.
Effects of pregnancy on neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and predictors of related attacks
Authors: Du Qin , Shi Ziyan , Chen Hongxi , Zhang Ying , Qiu Yuhan , Lang Yanlin , Kong Lingyao , Zhou Hongyu
Published: October 2022

Objective

Our study aimed to investigate the influence of pregnancy on the course of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and to explore the independent predictors of pregnancy‐related attacks.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of patients with NMOSD based on the Wingerchuk 2006 or the revised Wingerchuk 2015 criteria. Demographic, clinical, and pregnancy data were recorded. We compared the annualized relapse rate (ARR) before, during, and after pregnancy. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was used to assess the degree of disability. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify the independent risk factors that predict pregnancy‐related attacks.

Results

There were 202 informative pregnancies following symptom onset in 112 women with NMOSD. The ARR in the first‐trimester postpartum period (1.44 ± 2.04) was higher than that before pregnancy (0.23 ± 0.48; p < 0.001) and during pregnancy. The EDSS score increased from 1.40 ± 1.38 before pregnancy to 1.99 ± 1.78 postpartum (p = 0.004). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models indicated that increased disease activity 1 year before conception (HR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.09–2.92, p = 0.021) and lack of immunotherapy during pregnancy and the postpartum period (HR = 5.25, 95% CI 1.91–14.42, p = 0.001) were independent risk factors that predicted pregnancy‐related attacks.

Interpretation

The postpartum period is a particularly high‐risk time for the onset and relapse of NMOSD. Pregnancy exerted detrimental effects on the disease courses of NMOSD. Immunotherapy during pregnancy and the postpartum period might be recommended to decrease the risk of pregnancy‐related attacks. Larger‐scale prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Energy and Space Efficient Parallel Adder Using Molecular Memristors
Authors: Yi Su‐in , Rath Santi Prasad , Deepak  , Venkatesan T. , Bhat Navakanta , Goswami Sreebrata , Williams R. Stanley , Goswami Sreetosh
Published: October 2022

A breakthrough in in‐memory computing technologies hinges on the development of appropriate material platforms that can overcome their existing limitations, such as larger than optimal footprint and multiple serial computational steps, with potential accumulation of errors. Using a molecular switching element with multiple non‐monotonic and deterministic transitions, the device count and the number of computational steps can be substantially reduced. With molecular materials, however, the realization of a reliable and robust platform is an unattained goal for decades. Here, crossbar arrays with up to 64 molecular memristors are fabricated to experimentally demonstrate 8‐bit serial and 4‐bit parallel adders that operate for thousands of measurement cycles with an estimated error probability of 10−16. For performance benchmarking, a 32‐bit parallel adder is designed and simulated with 268 million inputs including contributions from the peripheral circuitry showing a 47× higher energy efficiency, 93× faster operation, and 9% of the footprint, leading to 4390 times improved energy–delay product compared to a special purpose complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)‐based multicore adder.
Ferrielectricity in the Archetypal Antiferroelectric, PbZrO3
Authors: Yao Yulian , Naden Aaron , Tian Mengkun , Lisenkov Sergey , Beller Zachary , Kumar Amit , Kacher Josh , Ponomareva Inna , Bassiri‐Gharb Nazanin
Published: October 2022

Antiferroelectric materials, where the transition between antipolar and polar phase is controlled by external electric fields, offer exceptional energy storage capacity with high efficiencies, giant electrocaloric effect, and superb electromechanical response. PbZrO3 is the first discovered and the archetypal antiferroelectric material. Nonetheless, substantial challenges in processing phase pure PbZrO3 have limited studies of the undoped composition, hindering understanding of the phase transitions in this material or unraveling the controversial origins of a low‐field ferroelectric phase observed in lead zirconate thin films. Leveraging highly oriented PbZrO3 thin films, a room‐temperature ferrielectric phase is observed in the absence of external electric fields, with modulations of amplitude and direction of the spontaneous polarization and large anisotropy for critical electric fields required for phase transition. The ferrielectric state observations are qualitatively consistent with theoretical predictions, and correlate with very high dielectric tunability, and ultrahigh strains (up to 1.1%). This work suggests a need for re‐evaluation of the fundamental science of antiferroelectricity in this archetypal material.
When Chirophotonic Film Meets Wrinkles: Viewing Angle Independent Corrugated Photonic Crystal Paper
Authors: Lim Seok‐In , Jang Eunji , Yu Dongmin , Koo Jahyeon , Kang Dong‐Gue , Lee Kyung Min , Godman Nicholas P. , McConney Michael E. , Kim Dae‐Yoon , Jeong Kwang‐Un
Published: October 2022

Light manipulation strategies of nature have fascinated humans for centuries. In particular, structural colors are of considerable interest due to their ability to control the interaction between light and matter. Here, wrinkled photonic crystal papers (PCPs) are fabricated to demonstrate the consistent reflection of colors regardless of viewing angles. The nanoscale molecular self‐assembly of a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) with a microscale corrugated surface is combined. Fully polymerizable CLC paints are uniaxially coated onto a wrinkled interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) substrate. Photopolymerization of the helicoidal nanostructures results in a flexible and free‐standing PCP. The facile method of fabricating the wrinkled PCPs provides a scalable route for the development of novel chirophotonic materials with precisely controlled helical pitch and curvature dimensions. The reflection notch position of the flat PCP shifts to a lower wavelength when the viewing angle increased, while the selective reflection wavelength of wrinkled PCP is remained consistent regardless of viewing angles. The optical reflection of the 1D stripe‐wrinkled PCP is dependent on the wrinkle direction. PCPs with different corrugated directions can be patterned to reduce the angular‐dependent optical reflection of wrinkles. Furthermore, 2D wavy‐wrinkled PCP is successfully developed that exhibit directionally independent reflection of color.
Lymph‐Node‐Targeted Drug Delivery for Effective Immunomodulation to Prolong the Long‐Term Survival After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Che Yan‐Jia , Ren Xiao‐He , Wang Zhi‐Wei , Wu Qi , Xing Kai , Zhang Min , Xu Chang , Han Di , Yuan Shun , Zheng Si‐Hao , Chen Yuan‐Yang , Liao Xin‐Ru , Shi Feng , Zhong Xiao‐Han , Cai Xin , Cheng Si‐Xue
Published: October 2022

The chronic rejection responses and side effects of the systematic administration of immunosuppressants are the main obstacles to heart allograft and patient survival. The development of xenotransplantation also urgently requires more efficient immune regulation strategies. Herein, it is demonstrated that lymph‐node (LN)‐targeted drug delivery can realize LN‐specific immunomodulation with attenuated immune suppression on distant peripheral immune organs to effectively prolong long‐term survival after heart transplantation in a chronic murine heart transplantation model. A chemokine C‐C motif ligand 21 (CCL21) specific aptamer for LN targeting is decorated onto the surface of the hybrid nanoparticular delivery vector mainly composed of CaCO3/CaP/heparin. The targeting delivery system can dramatically enhance accumulation of the loaded immunosuppressant, fingolimod hydrochloride (FTY720), in draining lymph nodes (dLNs) for inducing powerful immune suppression. By promoting the generation of endogenous regulatory T cells (Tregs) and decreasing the proportion of effector T cells (Teffs) in dLNs after heart transplantation, the LN‐targeting strategy can effectively regulate local immune responses instead of systemic immunity, which reduces the incidence of long‐term complications. This study provides an efficient strategy to improve the survival rate after organ transplantation by precise and localized immunoregulation with minimized side effects of immunosuppression.
Fully Encapsulated and Stable Black Phosphorus Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Arora Himani , Fekri Zahra , Vekariya Yagnika Nandlal , Chava Phanish , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Helm Manfred , Erbe Artur
Published: October 2022

Black phosphorus (BP) has quickly gained popularity in the scientific community owing to its interesting semiconducting properties, such as direct bandgap, high mobility, and intrinsic ambipolar behavior. However, its sensitivity to oxygen, moisture, and other air species has restricted its integration into active devices. Here, the lithography‐free via‐encapsulation scheme to fabricate fully‐encapsulated BP‐based field‐effect transistors (FETs) is employed. The full encapsulation is achieved by sandwiching the BP layers between the top and bottom hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) layers; top hBN passivating the BP layer from the environment and bottom hBN acting as a spacer and suppressing charge transfer to the BP layer from the SiO2 substrate. The embedded via‐metal electrodes allow the authors to perform reliable electrical measurements of the BP FETs. Based on these results, it is found that the electronic properties of the via‐encapsulated BP FETs are significantly improved compared to unencapsulated devices. This further establishes that the via‐contacting scheme leads to superior results compared to graphene‐hBN heterostructures and bare hBN layers combined with evaporated metal contacts (both use top and bottom hBN to encapsulate BP) by revealing higher mobility, lower hysteresis, and long‐term ambient‐stability in BP FETs.
Embedded 3D Printing of Thermally‐Cured Thermoset Elastomers and the Interdependence of Rheology and Machine Pathing
Authors: Stang Maria , Tashman Joshua , Shiwarski Daniel , Yang Humphrey , Yao Lining , Feinberg Adam
Published: October 2022

Thermoset elastomers are widely used high‐performance materials due to their thermal stability, chemical resistance, and mechanical properties. However, established casting and molding techniques limit the overall 3D complexity of parts that can be fabricated. Advanced manufacturing methods such as 3D printing have improved design flexibility and reduced development time but have proved challenging using thermally‐cured thermosets due to their viscosity, slow gelation kinetics, and high surface tension. To address this, freeform reversible embedding (FRE) 3D printing extrudes thermosets such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer within a carbomer support bath, but due to the liquid‐like state of the prepolymer during extrusion has been limited to hollow structures. Here, FRE printing is significantly improved through rheological modification of PDMS with a thixotropic additive (1.0–10.0 wt.%) that imparts a yield stress (30–120 Pa) to help control filament morphology. Further, print process controls consisting of region‐specific slicing, filament retraction, and nonprint travel moves outside of the print to minimize the interaction of the nozzle with previously printed PDMS are implemented. The combined result is the FRE printing of PDMS in complex 3D parts with high fidelity, establishing a 3D printing methodology that can be used broadly with thermally‐cured thermoset elastomers and related polymers.
Automatic Snorkeling Electronic Equipment Enabled by Self‐Breathing Flexible Aqueous Aluminum‐Air Battery
Authors: He Ning , Ling Wei , Ji Xixi , Yu Chengrong , Liu Shang , Qin Bao , Zhang Xuan , Zhou Yexin , Mo Funian , Lei Hao , Zeng Lin , Lin Meng , Zhong Zheng , Yu Jie , Huang Yan
Published: October 2022

Snorkeling equipments have played a vitally important role in various underwater operations, such as military, rescue activities, underwater research, archeology, and so on. However, existing snorkeling styles, represented by mechanical lifting system, artificial diving, and submarine mode (water storage and drainage), still face numerous challenges in the issues of large energy loss, complex structure, or environmental unfriendliness. Especially for small flexible equipments, an efficient and convenient way of snorkeling is of prime importance to various underwater explorations for a long time. Here, for the first time, an automatic snorkeling electronic equipment driven by a self‐breathing flexible aqueous aluminum‐air battery (Self‐BAAAB) which integrates functions of the snorkeling and the electric energy supply is designed. The self‐BAAAB battery consists of naturally inspired spongy sodium polyacrylate (PANa) hydrogel that acts as a flexible electrolyte and vertical N–O doped graphene fiber (NOGF) as an ORR/OER/HER trifunctional electrocatalyst. Benefited from the trifunctional catalytic properties and the aluminum metal stripping, the Self‐BAAAB consumes oxygen gas in the routine discharge process while the gas in turn is released during the charging process due to electrolysis of water in the super‐absorbing hydrogel, which triggers the sharp density variation of Self‐BAAAB, driving the “automatic snorkeling” feature of electronic equipment underwater. This work provides new insights into the design of the snorkeling electronic equipments and would promote the high efficiency of underwater operations, especially in a complex environment.
Genome‐Wide CRISPR/Cas9 Library Screening Revealed Dietary Restriction of Glutamine in Combination with Inhibition of Pyruvate Metabolism as Effective Liver Cancer Treatment
Authors: Yang Chunxue , Lee Derek , Zhang Misty Shuo , Tse Aki Pui‐Wah , Wei Lai , Bao Macus Hao‐Ran , Wong Bowie Po‐Yee , Chan Cerise Yuen‐Ki , Yuen Vincent Wai‐Hin , Chen Yiling , Wong Carmen Chak‐Lui
Published: October 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most lethal cancer worldwide. Glutamine is an essential, extracellular nutrient which supports HCC growth. Dietary glutamine deficiency may be a potential therapeutic approach for HCC. HCC cells overcome metabolic challenges by rewiring their metabolic pathways for rapid adaptations. The efficiency of dietary glutamine deficiency as HCC treatment is examined and the adaptation machinery under glutamine depletion in HCC cells is unraveled. Using genome‐wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout library screening, this study identifies that pyruvate dehydrogenase α (PDHA), pyruvate dehydrogenase β (PDHB), and pyruvate carboxylase (PC) in pyruvate metabolism are crucial to the adaptation of glutamine depletion in HCC cells. Knockout of either PDHA, PDHB or PC induced metabolic reprogramming of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, disrupts mitochondrial function, leading to the suppression of HCC cell proliferation under glutamine depletion. Surprisingly, dietary glutamine restriction improves therapeutic responses of HCC to PDH or PC inhibitor in mouse HCC models. Stable isotope carbon tracing confirms that PDH or PC inhibitors further disrupt the metabolic rewiring of the TCA cycle induced by dietary glutamine depletion in HCC. In summary, the results demonstrate that pyruvate metabolism acts as novel targetable metabolic vulnerabilities for HCC treatment in combination with a glutamine‐deficient diet.
Engineering by Cuts: How Kirigami Principle Enables Unique Mechanical Properties and Functionalities
Authors: Tao Jiayue , Khosravi Hesameddin , Deshpande Vishrut , Li Suyi
Published: October 2022

Kirigami, the ancient art of paper cutting, has evolved into a design and fabrication framework to engineer multi‐functional materials and structures at vastly different scales. By slit cutting with carefully designed geometries, desirable mechanical behaviors—such as accurate shape morphing, tunable auxetics, super‐stretchability, buckling, and multistability—can be imparted to otherwise inflexible sheet materials. In addition, the kirigami sheet provides a versatile platform for embedding different electronic and responsive components, opening up avenues for building the next generations of metamaterials, sensors, and soft robotics. These promising potentials of kirigami‐based engineering have inspired vigorous research activities over the past few years, generating many academic publications. Therefore, this review aims to provide insights into the recent advance in this vibrant field. In particular, this paper offers the first comprehensive survey of unique mechanical properties induced by kirigami cutting, their underlying physical principles, and their corresponding applications. The synergies between design methodologies, mechanics modeling, advanced fabrication, and material science will continue to mature this promising discipline.
Interfacial 2D Montmorillonite Nanocoatings Enable Sandwiched Polymer Nanocomposites to Exhibit Ultrahigh Capacitive Energy Storage Performance at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Wang Yifei , Li Zongze , Moran Thomas J. , Ortiz Luis A. , Wu Chao , Konstantinou Antigoni C. , Nguyen Hiep , Zhou Jierui , Huo Jindong , Davis‐Amendola Kerry , Zhou Peinan , Huey Bryan D. , Cao Yang
Published: October 2022

Polymer dielectrics are essential for advanced electrical and electronic power systems due to their ultrafast charge–discharge rate. However, a long‐standing challenge is to maintain their dielectric performance at high temperatures. Here, a layered barium titanate/polyamideimide nanocomposite reinforced with rationally designed interfaces is reported for high‐temperature high‐energy‐density dielectrics. Nanocoatings composed of 2D montmorillonite nanosheets with anisotropic conductivities are interposed at two kinds of macroscopic interfaces: 1) the interfaces between adjacent layers in the nanocomposites (inside) and 2) the interfaces between the surface of the nanocomposite and the electrode (outside). By revealing the charge transport behavior with Kelvin probe force microscope, surface potential decay, and finite element simulation, it is demonstrated that the outside nanocoatings are observed to diminish charge injection from the electrode, while the inside nanocoatings can suppress the kinetic energy of hot carriers by redirecting their transport. In this interface‐reinforced nanocomposite, an ultrahigh energy density of 2.48 J cm−3, as well as a remarkable charge–discharge efficiency >80%, is achieved at 200 °C, six times higher than that of the nanocomposite without interfacial nanocoatings. This research unveils a novel approach for the structural design of polymer nanocomposites based on engineered interfaces to achieve high‐efficient and high‐temperature capacitive energy storage.
Defect‐Induced Dense Amorphous/Crystalline Heterophase Enables High‐Rate and Ultrastable Sodium Storage
Authors: Osman Sahar , Peng Chao , Li Fangkun , Chen Haoliang , Shen Jiadong , Zhong Zeming , Huang Wenjie , Xue Dongfeng , Liu Jun
Published: October 2022

Currently, the construction of amorphous/crystalline (A/C) heterophase has become an advanced strategy to modulate electronic and/or ionic behaviors and promote structural stability due to their concerted advantages. However, their different kinetics limit the synergistic effect. Further, their interaction functions and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, a unique engineered defect‐rich V2O3 heterophase structure (donated as A/C‐V2O3−x@C‐HMCS) composed of mesoporous oxygen‐deficient amorphous − hollow core (A‐V2O3−x/HMC) and lattice‐distorted crystalline shell (C‐V2O3/S) encapsulated by carbon is rationally designed via a facile approach. Comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations disclose that the lattice distortion enlarges the porous channels for Na+ diffusion in the crystalline phase, thereby optimizing its kinetics to be compatible with the oxygen‐vacancy‐rich amorphous phase. This significantly reduces the high contrast of the kinetic properties between the crystalline and amorphous phases in A/C‐V2O3−x@C‐HMCS and induces the formation of highly dense A/C interfaces with a strong synergistic effect. As a result, the dense heterointerface effectively optimizes the Na+ adsorption energy and lowers the diffusion barrier, thus accelerating the overall kinetics of A/C‐V2O3−x@C‐HMCS. In contrast, the perfect heterophase (defects‐free) A/C‐V2O3@C‐HCS demonstrates sparse A/C interfacial sites with limited synergistic effect and sluggish kinetics. As expected, the A/C‐V2O3−x@C‐HMCS achieves a high rate and ultrastable performance (192 mAh g−1 over 6000 cycles at 10 A g−1) when employed for the first time as a cathode for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). This work provides general guidance for realizing dense heterophase cathode design for high‐performance SIBs and beyond.
Progress and Prospects of Emerging Potassium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lei Yao‐Jie , Yang Hui‐Ling , Liang Yaru , Liu Han‐Wen , Zhang Binwei , Wang Liang , Lai Wei‐Hong , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue
Published: October 2022

The potassium–sulfur battery (K–S battery) as an innovative battery technology is a promising candidate for large‐scale applications, due to its high energy density and the low cost of both K and S. The development of the K–S technology is, however, inhibited by its low reversible capacity and the safety issues related to the K metal anode. Here, the review starts by discussing the mechanism of the redox reactions for the K–S batteries and emphasizes the challenges for this battery system based on its current research status. Furthermore, the current improvement strategies for the K–S system in terms of the sulfur cathode, electrolyte, separator, and K metal anode are summarized. Finally, future perspectives on the development of the K–S system are proposed.
Novel Grasping Mechanisms of 3D‐Printed Prosthetic Hands
Authors: Moeinnia Hadi , Su Haotian , Kim Woo Soo
Published: October 2022

There are millions of amputees worldwide, and amputation has significantly affected their lives. People with hand losses have difficulties performing the activities of daily living (ADLs). Prosthetic hands have been developed to perform the functions of a human hand by grasping various objects. However, mimicking the actual grasping function of a human hand is still an unresolved research topic. Researchers continue to improve the functionality of hand prostheses to create more efficient and closer to human motion. Herein, the current challenges and approaches for enhancing the grasping function of 3D‐printed hand prostheses are investigated. Three technology sectors are discussed for the efficient grasping motion of hand prosthetics: 1) how to recognize the user's desired grasping gestures by sensing systems; 2) how to power the prosthesis for grasping objects through different actuation systems; and 3) how to perform the grasping motion by 3D design and mechanisms. This article reviews valuable information regarding the current innovations toward improving prosthetic hands’ grasping function to help researchers design more functional hand prostheses.
Atroposelective Synthesis of Triaryl α‐Pyranones with 1,2‐Diaxes by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Simiao , Wang Xiaoxue , Han Li‐Li , Li Jibin , Liang Zheng , Wei Donghui , Du Ding
Published: October 2022

Atropisomers bearing multiple stereogenic axes are of increasing importance to the field of material science, pharmaceuticals, and catalysis. However, the atroposelective construction of multi‐axis atropisomers remains rare and challenging, due to the intrinsical difficulties in the stereo‐control of the multiple stereogenic axes. Herein, we demonstrate a single‐step construction of a new class of 1,2‐diaxially chiral triaryl α‐pyranones by an N‐heterocyclic carbene organocatalytic asymmetric [3+3] annulation of well‐designed alkynyl acylazolium precursors and enolizable sterically hindered 2‐aryl ketones. The protocol features broad substrate scope (>50 examples), excellent stereo‐control (most cases >20 : 1 dr, up to 99.5 : 0.5 er), and potentially useful synthetic applications. The success of this reaction relies on the rational design of structurally matched reaction partners and the careful selection of the asymmetric catalytic system. DFT calculations have also been performed to discover and rationalize the origin of the high stereoselectivity of this reaction.
Deaminative Arylation and Alkenyaltion of Aliphatic Tertiary Amines with Aryl and Alkenylboronic Acids via Nitrogen Ylides
Authors: Su Jianke , Li Chengbo , Hu Xinyuan , Guo Yu , Song Qiuling
Published: October 2022

Transition‐metal‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling has significantly advanced C−C bond formation and has been well recognized in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, materials science and other fields. In this rapid development, cross coupling without transition metal catalyst is a big challenge in this field, and using widely existing tertiary amines as electrophiles to directly couple with boronic acids has great hurdles yet significant application prospects. Herein, we report an efficient and general deaminative arylation and alkenylation of tertiary amines (propargyl amines, allyl amines and 1H‐indol‐3‐yl methane amines) with ary and alkenylboronic acids enabled by difluorocarbene under transition‐metal‐free conditions. Preliminary mechanism experiments suggest that in situ formed difluoromethyl quaternary amine salt, nitrogen ylide and tetracoordinate boron species are the key intermediates, the subsequent 1,2‐metallate shift and protodeboronation complete the new coupling reaction.
The Role of Cytochrome P450 AbyV in the Final Stages of Abyssomicin C Biosynthesis
Authors: Devine Andrew J. , Parnell Alice E. , Back Catherine R. , Lees Nicholas R. , Johns Samuel T. , Zulkepli Ainul Z. , Barringer Rob , Zorn Katja , Stach James E. M. , Crump Matthew P. , Hayes Martin A. , van der Kamp Marc W. , Race Paul R. , Willis Christine L.
Published: October 2022

Abyssomicin C and its atropisomer are potent inhibitors of bacterial folate metabolism. They possess complex polycyclic structures, and their biosynthesis has been shown to involve several unusual enzymatic transformations. Using a combination of synthesis and in vitro assays we reveal that AbyV, a cytochrome P450 enzyme from the aby gene cluster, catalyses a key late‐stage epoxidation required for the installation of the characteristic ether‐bridged core of abyssomicin C. The X‐ray crystal structure of AbyV has been determined, which in combination with molecular dynamics simulations provides a structural framework for our functional data. This work demonstrates the power of combining selective carbon‐13 labelling with NMR spectroscopy as a sensitive tool to interrogate enzyme‐catalysed reactions in vitro with no need for purification.
Site‐Selective Pyridine C−H Alkylation with Alcohols and Thiols via Single‐Electron Transfer of Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Tan Chang‐Yin , Kim Myojeong , Park Inyoung , Kim Yuhyun , Hong Sungwoo
Published: October 2022

A unified strategy for the deoxygenative or desulfurative pyridylation of various alcohols and thiols has been developed through a single‐electron transfer (SET) process of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) derived from pyridinium salts and PtBu3. Mechanistic studies revealed that N‐amidopyridinium salts serve as effective Lewis acids for the formation of FLPs with PtBu3, and the generated phosphine radical cation ionically couples with the in situ generated xanthate, eventually affording the alkyl radical through facile β‐scission under photocatalyst‐free conditions. The reaction efficiency was further accelerated by visible‐light irradiation. This method is conceptually appealing by using encounter complexes in FLP chemistry to promote SET, which provides a previously unrecognized opportunity for the selective heteroarylation of a diverse range of alcohols and thiols with various functional groups, even in complex settings under mild reaction conditions.
A Sulfoxide Reagent for One‐Pot, Three‐Component Syntheses of Sulfoxides and Sulfinamides**
Authors: Saito Fumito
Published: October 2022

Sulfoxides and sulfinamides represent versatile sulfur functional groups found in ligands, chiral auxiliaries, and bioactive molecules. Canonical two‐component syntheses, however, rely on substrates with a preinstalled C−S bond and impede efficient and modular access to these sulfur motifs. Herein is presented the application of an easily prepared, bench‐stable sulfoxide reagent for one‐pot, three‐component syntheses of sulfoxides and sulfinamides. The sulfoxide reagent donates the SO unit upon the reaction with a Grignard reagent (RMgX) as a sulfenate anion (RSO−). While subsequent trapping reactions of this key intermediate with carbon electrophiles provide sulfoxides, a range of tertiary, secondary, and primary sulfinamides can be prepared by substitution reactions with electrophilic amines. The syntheses of sulfinamide analogs of amide‐ and sulfonamide‐containing drugs illustrate the utility of the method for the rapid preparation of medicinally relevant molecules.
The Anionic Chemistry in Regulating the Reductive Stability of Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yao Nan , Sun Shu‐Yu , Chen Xiang , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Shen Xin , Fu Zhong‐Heng , Zhang Rui , Zhang Qiang
Published: October 2022

Advanced electrolyte design is essential for building high‐energy‐density lithium (Li) batteries, and introducing anions into the Li+ solvation sheaths has been widely demonstrated as a promising strategy. However, a fundamental understanding of the critical role of anions in such electrolytes is very lacking. Herein, the anionic chemistry in regulating the electrolyte structure and stability is probed by combining computational and experimental approaches. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, the solvents and anions in Li+ solvation sheaths exhibit enhanced and decreased reductive stability compared with free counterparts, respectively, which agrees with both calculated and experimental results of reduction potentials. Accordingly, new strategies are proposed to build stable electrolytes based on the established anionic chemistry. This work unveils the mysterious anionic chemistry in regulating the structure–function relationship of electrolytes and contributes to a rational design of advanced electrolytes for practical Li metal batteries.
Self‐assembled Ru(bda) Coordination Oligomers as Efficient Catalysts for Visible Light‐Driven Water Oxidation in Pure Water
Authors: Schlossarek Tim , Stepanenko Vladimir , Beuerle Florian , Würthner Frank
Published: October 2022

Water‐soluble multinuclear complexes based on ruthenium 2,2′‐bipyridine‐6,6′‐dicarboxylate (bda) and ditopic bipyridine linker units are investigated in three‐component visible light‐driven water oxidation catalysis. Systematic studies revealed a strong enhancement of the catalytic efficiency in the absence of organic co‐solvents and with increasing oligomer length. In‐depth kinetic and morphological investigations suggest that the enhanced performance is induced by the self‐assembly of linear Ru(bda) oligomers into aggregated superstructures. The obtained turnover frequencies (up to 14.9 s−1) and turnover numbers (more than 1000) per ruthenium center are the highest reported so far for Ru(bda)‐based photocatalytic water oxidation systems.
Preparation of laminated safety glass based on high strength polyurethane film by solution annealing
Authors: Ding Wenhe , Zhan Siqi , Liu Hongyan , Bo Yanyan , Sun Zhongliang , Wang Shiwei , Zhang Mingyao
Published: October 2022

Compared with the traditional polyvinyl butyral (PVB) laminated glass, the polyurethane (PU) based laminated glass has the advantages of higher impact strength and longer service life. Thus, aromatic polyurethane films have attracted more attentions in recent years due to their high light transmittance, adhesion and functionality. In this paper, the tensile strength of polyurethane films based on bis(4‐isocyanatocyclohexyl)‐methane (HMDI) have been increased from 27 to 51 MPa and their elongation at break have been increased from 330% to 525% after solvent annealing in toluene. It is attributed to molecular segments with high crystallization and hydrogen bond formation of PU, which are confirmed by FT‐IR and XRD characterization. Based on this, laminated glasses with higher impact strength based on the thermoplastic polyurethane films are constructed successfully.
Fabrication of Highly Resistive NiO Thin Films for Nanoelectronic Applications
Authors: Mohr Johannes , Hennen Tyler , Bedau Daniel , Nag Joyeeta , Waser Rainer , Wouters Dirk J.
Published: October 2022

Thin films of the prototypical charge transfer insulator nickel oxide appear to be a promising material for novel nanoelectronic devices. The fabrication of the material is challenging, however, and mostly a p‐type semiconducting phase is reported. Here, the results of a factorial experiment are presented that allow optimization of the properties of thin films deposited using sputtering. A cluster analysis is performed, and four main types of films are found. Among them, the desired insulating phase is identified. From this material, nanoscale devices are fabricated, which demonstrate that the results carry over to relevant length scales. Initial switching results are reported.
Bi‐Functional On‐Surface Molecular Assemblies Predicted From a Multifaceted Computational Approach
Authors: Packwood Daniel M.
Published: October 2022

Molecular self‐assembly will not become a routine method for building nanomaterials unless our ability to predict the outcome of this process is dramatically improved. Even then, reliable strategies for realizing molecular assemblies with novel functionality are required for building nanomaterials for specific device applications. On the basis of a multifaceted computational approach that integrates several state‐of‐the‐art methods, this paper predicts that bi‐functional on‐surface assemblies of metal phthalocyanine molecules can be realized through the simple strategy of introducing asymmetry into the phthalocyanine ligands. This bi‐functionality arises from a combination of antiferromagnetic ordering within the assembly and presence of locally fluctuating magnetic moments, and has potential applications as non‐Gaussian noise sources in nanodevices.