bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bøgvadite, Na2SrBa2Al4F20, a new fluoride from the cryolite deposit, Ivigtut, S. Greenland
Authors: Pauly Hans , Petersen Ole V.
Published: August 2021

Bøgvadite, ideally Na2SrBa2A4F20 was found in the central part of a sample of the radiating aggregates in which jarlite occurs in the cryolite deposit, lvigtut, S. Greenland.
Thin sections showed b!llgvadite as rectangular, uniformly orientated crystals 0.1--0.2 mm across, arranged as a somewhat irregular pavement covering a few square centimetres. The crystals, partly overgrown with ralstonite crystals, were embedded in a matrix of a kaolin-like mineral interspersed with fine-grained barite. Fan-shaped jarlite grains were scattered in the matrix. Bands and strings of fine­grained, spherulitic K-mica transected the whole mass.
The composition of b!llgvadite is derived from the average of 11 microprobe analyses: Na 5.57% (2.0% rel.), Sr 7.03% (9.6% rel.), Ba 32.17% (3.0% rel.), AI 12.45% (0.9% rel.); calculations gave F 42.85% (0.6 rel.). F was found to be between 40% and 45%, but direct determination together with the metals could not be executed satisfactorily. As standards were used cryolite (Na, AI), b!llggildite (Sr), barite (Ba). No other elements were found in detectable amounts. Atomic absorptions spectrometry on a bulk sample showed Li to be below the detection limit (0.2 ppm). Gladstone-Dale calculations give Kc= 0.1073 and K, = 0.1118. Assuming the presence of 2.55% OH (giving F18.7 (OH)u in the formula) results in Kc= K,. Determination of OH/H20 was not possible due to the presence of kaolin and ralstonite.
Bøgvadite is orthorhombic and the crystals show {010}, {110} and {012}. They are blocky, slightly platy after {010} and slightly elongated after [100). It is transparent, colourless and has H > 3, VHN25 = 300 ± 50. D = 3.85 ± 0.02 g/cm3, D calculated is 3.898 g/cm3•
B!llgvadite is biaxial negative, a= 1.4326, 􀀕 = 1.4360, y = 1.4389 all± 0.0002; 2Va = 87° ± ½0, 2V. calculated = 85° ± 6°; a = c, 􀀕 = a and y = b; 0.A.P. = (100).
X-ray powder diffraction and single crystal studies give a = 7.110 ± 0.003, b = 19.907 ± 0.010, c = 5.347 ± 0.003A; space group Pnmn or Pn2n.
The new mineral has been named after the late chief geologist Richard B0gvad, of the cryolite company Øresund A/S.
Small groups of bøgvadite grains have been observed in thin sections from several samples of the radiating aggregates. This Ba-rich fluoride formed early in the Sr-Ba-rich accumulations within the fluorite cryolite of the deposit.
Dolomite and dedolomitization in Danian bryozoan limestone from Fakse, Denmark
Authors: Jørgensen N O
Published: August 2021

The bryozoan limestones in the middle Danian (Lower Paleocene) carbonate rock complex of Fakse Quarry, Denmark, includes small intraformational bodies of dolomite that occur in three different ways: 1) completely dolomitized bryozoan limestones; 2) partially dolomitized bryozoan limestones in which the larger skeletons have resisted total dolomitization, and 3) concretionary dolomite. Furthermore, scattered secondary rhombohedral porosity is observed in bryozoan limestones indicating former occurrences of
dolomite. The dolomites are calcian with an elemental composition of approximately (Ca.55, Mg_45)Co3• The Sr content averages 500 ppm Sr, whereas the Mn and Fe contents are relatively low, c. 200 ppm Mn and 2000-4000 ppm total Fe respectively. The oxygen and carbon isotope values (-2.3%. to -3.9%. 1'>180; + 1.9%. to +4.6%. 1'>13C) are close to the field of early diagenetic dolomite replacing marine limestones. The carbon isotopes are enriched by approximately 2%. in comparison to the host sediment, which suggests that dolomitization most likely took place in a zone of methanogenesis. Crystal chemistry and geochemistry indicate a common genetic origin for these dolomites. The dolomite formation was probably an early diagenetic event in which the sequence from occurrences of individual dolomite rhombohedra, concretionary dolomite and partially dolomitized bryozoan limestones, to completely dolomitized bryo­zoan limestones is interpreted to represent progressive dolomitization.
Dedolomitization is most pronounced in the dolomite concretions and to lesser extent in the dolom­itized bryozoan limestone beds. The isotopes of the replacive calcite suggests that dedolomitization took place under the influence of meteoric water. The progressive dedolomitization appears to be governed by the access of meteoric water along cleavage traces spreading to the entire dolomite crystals. Therefore, cleavage traces probably control dedolomitization under suitable physicochemical conditions.
Berthelsenia, ein neues cheilostomes Bryozoen­Genus aus dem Maastrichtium und Danium
Authors: Voigt E.
Published: August 2021

Berthelsenia gen. nov. is proposed for two anascan 'membranimorph' cheilostome bryozoans: Callopora subcupolata Berthelsen, 1962 (the type species) and Membranipora cupolata Brydone, 1916, from the Maastrichtian and Danian. The genus differs from other genera belonging to the Family Calloporidae Norman, 1903 in having paired, pillar-like adventitious avicularia, and hyperstomial ovicells with a median slit in the ectooecium which is prolonged into a distal point.
Fiir die beiden zu den membranimorphen Anasca gehiirigen Cheilostomata-Arten Membranipora cupolata Brydone 1916 aus dem Maastrichtium und Callopora subcupolata Berthelsen 1962 aus dem Danium wird das neue Genus Berthe/senia ('fypus-Art Callopora subcupolata Berthelsen) errichtet. Es unterscheidet sich von den iibrigen Genera der Fam. Calloporidae Norman 1903 durch seine paarigen, pfeilerfiirmigen adventiven Avicularien und die globuliisen hyperstomialen zipfel-miitzenartigen, einen medianen Schlitz des Ectooeciums aufweisenden Ooecien, deren spitzes Distalende in einen vomiiberge­neigten Zipfel verlangert ist.
Gestión de calidad en el trabajo remoto
Authors: Quispe Amelia , Barboza Efraín , Gonzales Victor , Cacho Adolfo
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue revisar información sobre la gestión de calidad para el trabajo remoto. El proceso metodológico biométrico se realizó en 3 bases de datos: Scielo, Dialnet y Redalyc. Los criterios para la selección de revistas fueron: experiencias educativas remotas, documentos aprobados y publicados entre el 2016 al 2020, además haber implementado sistemas de gestión de la calidad. El tipo y diseño de investigación fue descriptivo y la técnica aplicada fue el análisis documental. Los resultados significativos expresaron que, las temáticas publicadas están asociadas a procesos pedagógicos, liderazgo, certificación de la calidad educativa, atención tutorial, estructuras administrativas, gestión en el aula, formación profesional, y admisión universitaria; asimismo, los enfoques investigativos empleados fueron mixtos, las producciones científicas examinadas tienen mayor congruencia con investigaciones en educación superior; limitados estudios en Educación Básica; y sinergia complementaria entre la Organización Internacional de Normalización (ISO: 9001) y el Modelo Europeo de Excelencia Empresarial (EFQM). Las conclusiones confirman que, la contextualización y adaptación de la gestión de calidad genera impactos positivos sostenibles en el servicio educativo universitario, y su efectividad en el trabajo remoto está sujeto a la construcción de estructuras virtuales inteligentes eficientes y la formación de competencias digitales.
Biofertilización con micro organismos eficientes de montaña para producción de cafés especiales resilientes al cambio climático provincia de San Ignacio
Authors: Galecio Miguel , Arteaga Marcela , Rojas Bartolomé , Peña Ricardo
Published: August 2021

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de biofertilización para la producción y calidad de cafés especiales, resilentes al cambio climático. Se desarrolló en el Distrito Huabal- San Francisco de Agua Colorada a 1847 m. s. n. m. y en el Distrito de San Ignacio-Ihuamaca, a una altitud de 1956 m. s. n. m.  Se colecto los microorganismos de bosque primario aledaño. Luego en el laboratorio se realizó la prueba de papel filtro, se determinó mayor cantidad de bacterias celulolíticas, se prepararon medios de cultivo para el recuento de bacterias totales. Los biofertilizantes se prepararon añadiendo los microorganismos de montaña en el proceso de compostaje y activación. Con los tratamientos: T1(110 N, 1500 B); T2 (100 N, 3000 B); T3 (75 N, 1500 B); T4 (75N, 3000 B); T5 (50N, 1500) T6 (50N, 3000 B) y T7 (testigo) Nitrógeno y biofertilizante kg. ha-1. Se obtuvo con el tratamiento T4, 36.00 qq. ha-1 superior al resto procedente de Ihuamaca, y el tratamiento T5 logró 31.00 qq.ha-1 ligeramente fue superior al resto de tratamientos Agua Colorada. Sobre calidad en taza las muestras procedentes de Ihuamaca obtuvo 85.30 puntos café de muy buena calidad, y de San Francisco de Agua Colorada obtuvo 84.88 puntos.
Efecto del estrés hídrico sobre el comportamiento morfo-fisiológico de cinco genotipos de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Lapiz Culqui Yoiner , Neri Juan , Vilca Valqui Nuri Carito , Meléndez Mori Jegnes Benjamín , Huaman Huaman Eyner , Oliva Manuel
Published: August 2021

La deficiencia hídrica es una de las principales limitaciones para la producción de frijol común en el mundo. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la respuesta fisiológica y morfológica de cinco genotipos de frijol (INDES-01, INDES-02, INDES-03, INDES-04, INDES-05) sometidos a diferentes frecuencias de déficit hídrico (intervalos de riego de 0, 5, 10 y 15 días). Para ello, se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial, con plantas cultivadas en recipientes individuales por un periodo de 90 días. Los resultados mostraron que las condiciones de déficit hídrico afectaron el índice de clorofila, área foliar, longitud de raíz y materia seca. Asimismo, se observó que el efecto del estrés hídrico, en cuanto a magnitud, depende de los genotipos y su nivel de tolerancia al estrés hídrico.
Gestión por resultados en el desempeño de especialistas del área de Gestión Pedagógica- UGEL, Utcubamba, Amazonas
Authors: Barboza Efraín , Quispe Amelia , Cacho Adolfo , Mera Henry
Published: August 2021

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo general proponer un modelo de gestión por resultados para mejorar el desempeño de los especialistas del Área de Gestión Pedagógica de la UGEL- Utcubamba, Región Amazonas, 2020. La metodología utilizada es de tipo histórico descriptivo, con diseño descriptivo propositivo, se trabajó con una muestra de 16 especialistas del área de Gestión Pedagógica. Los resultados alcanzados concluyen que el nivel de desempeño es deficiente 37.5 % en la dimensión convivencia escolar, seguido del seguimiento a los aprendizajes 25% regular y planificación curricular 25% bueno. Concluyendo que los factores que más contribuyen al modelo de gestión por resultados en los especialistas del Área de Gestión Pedagógica de la UGEL- Utcubamba, Región Amazonas, 2020, son la planificación curricular al alcanzar un 75% nivel regular y el 25% nivel bueno, y el seguimiento a los aprendizajes que alcanzó el 6.3% nivel deficiente, el 75% nivel regular y el 18.5% nivel bueno.
Sistemas de tratamiento y reutilización de aguas mieles de café: Un enfoque de desarrollo sustentable para los caficultores de países en desarrollo
Authors: Morales Rojas Eli , Hurtado Burga Roxana , Chavez Quintanta Segundo , Collazos Silva Erick Martos , Sanchez Santillan Tito
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue revisar la literatura científica de los principales sistemas de tratamiento biológico, físico y la reutilización de aguas mieles de café, así como la eficiencia de los sistemas de tratamiento (físico y biológico) y el rendimiento en reutilización de las aguas de café. Para la búsqueda de la información se aplicó operadores boléanos. Se tomó en cuenta artículos científicos, que hayan sido revisados bajo la metodología doble ciego. Los sistemas biológicos han demostrado eficiencias en la remoción de la materia orgánica (70 a 98.7%). La remoción de turbidez ha logrado su eficacia hasta 98.7%, con respecto a los nitratos la remoción oscilo entre 20 y 100%. La reutilización de las aguas mieles del café fueron utilizadas para la producción de ácido láctico, biocombustibles y la elaboración de miel para consumo humano. Los sistemas de tratamiento biológico y físico son eficientes para minimizar el impacto ambiental. Sin embargo, las aguas mieles también muestra gran potencial para la generación de productos agroindustriales e industriales y que pueden ser adoptadas por los países en desarrollo, con la finalidad de obtener ingresos económicos para las familias dedicadas al cultivo de café.
Pediatric Digestive Health and the Gut Microbiome: Existing Therapies and a Look to the Future
Authors: Saul Samantha , Fuessel Jessika , Runde Joseph
Published: August 2021

The human gut is host to trillions of microbes that from birth begin interacting with our immune system. Over time this relationship is thought to shape critical aspects of human function such as metabolism, brain development, immune response, and overall gut health. Recent advances in technology have allowed us to begin understanding this complex relationship and have demonstrated that microbes within the gut ecosystem can be influenced by a variety of factors including mode of delivery, diet, and medication exposure, all of which can impact host health in either positive or detrimental ways. Perturbations of gut homeostasis have been implicated in many forms of digestive disease such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome,
Helicobacter pylori
infection, and even in cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. As such, researchers have sought methods to either restore gut homeostasis or prevent dysregulation of the gut community, also known as dysbiosis, through an emerging field known as microbial therapeutics. Examples of existing modalities are reviewed here such as prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbial transplantation, and dietary therapy. As these therapies become further substantiated through research and increasingly desired by patients and their families, there is a need for providers caring for children to familiarize themselves with the existing data and indications for use. As we look to the future, machine-learning algorithms and more readily available next-generation sequencing of fecal samples may allow us to harness data from a person's gut microbiota to predict response to a particular intervention and tailor therapeutic options with an aim toward precision medicine.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2021;50(8):e336–e342.]
Eosinophilic Esophagitis for the General Pediatrician
Authors: Tukan Andrea , Biank Vincent F.
Published: August 2021

This article reviews pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a clinicopathologic disorder with symptoms related to esophageal dysfunction and characterized by eosinophil-predominant inflammation present on esophageal biopsy. As part of this review, we outline the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, approved treatment options, and emerging therapies of EoE. Although previously considered a rare condition, EoE has emerged primarily in Western countries, with an estimated incidence of 4 per 100,000 persons. Understanding disease manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment options are critical for primary care physicians and specialists alike as EoE presentation varies by patient age. Several treatment options are approved for first-line management and can be used interchangeably based on symptoms and patient preference. Additionally, the collaboration of gastroenterologists, allergist-immunologists, and nutritionists is recommended for a multidisciplinary approach to long-term EoE management.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2021;50(8):e325–e329.]
COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Diseases
Authors: Rao Anita , Puertolas Mora , Runde Joseph
Published: August 2021

Since its initial onset in 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread quickly across the globe, resulting in the potentially life-threatening respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although less commonly reported, COVID-19 has also been associated with gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations, which may occur more frequently in children. This has also led to concern about the susceptibility of children to the SARS-CoV-2 virus who have underlying chronic digestive disease and may be treated with immune suppression. As such, recommendations and expert consensus regarding the management of chronic gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disease have been of great interest during the pandemic and international database reporting has informed our understanding. The impact of COVID-19 on the gastrointestinal tract and its influence on the management of pediatric digestive disease is reviewed in this article.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2021;50(8):e315–e319.]
A new method to solve the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation for a stochastic portfolio optimization model with boundary memory
Authors: Wang Xuhui , Hu Lei
Published: August 2021

Portfolio optimization problem with memory effect, namely, taking the past performance of portfolio into account, which is motivated by the fact that the decisions of the investors are influenced by the historic performance of the portfolio, has recently been of interest to researchers. Due to the memory effect, this type of problem is challenging. The main purpose of this paper is to propose a new approach to solve the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation for the stochastic portfolio optimization model, which is more simple and generalized. We study the portfolio management problem under single investor and multi-investor framework. We establish certain conditions under which the problem can be reduced to the classical stochastic control problem and give some examples to show the advantages of our approach.
Jacobi-type vector fields on $ \mathbb{H}^3 $ and $ \mathbb{R}^3 $
Authors: Wang Yaning ,   School of Mathematics and Information Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China, Zhang Yingdong
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we determine the Jacobi-type vector fields on the hyperbolic 3-space $ \mathbb{H}^3 $ and the Euclidean 3-space $ \mathbb{R}^3 $, respectively. In terms of this, infinitely many non-trivial Jacobi-type vector fields are given.
General fixed-point method for solving the linear complementarity problem
Authors: Fang Xi-Ming ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526000, P. R. China
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we consider numerical methods for the linear complementarity problem (LCP). By introducing a positive diagonal parameter matrix, the LCP is transformed into an equivalent fixed-point equation and the equivalence is proved. Based on such equation, the general fixed-point (GFP) method with two cases are proposed and analyzed when the system matrix is a $ P $-matrix. In addition, we provide several concrete sufficient conditions for the proposed method when the system matrix is a symmetric positive definite matrix or an $ H_{+} $-matrix. Meanwhile, we discuss the optimal case for the proposed method. The numerical experiments show that the GFP method is effective and practical.
8 Pillars X 8 Layers Model of Metacognition: Educational Strategies, Exercises &Trainings
Authors: Drigas Athanasios , Mitsea Eleni
Published: August 2021

Metacognition is one of the foremost cardinal factors of achievement in the 21st century. Despite extensive research, there is still the need to build a unique model based on multidisciplinary research illuminating questions as regards the real nature of metacognition and the methods to develop metacognitive abilities. The current study presents a new layered model of metacognition based on well-established theories derived from cognitive science, psychology, physical and computer sciences, environmental and other sciences, even from philosophy. We describe in detail the cognitive and metacognitive processes involved in each layer, while particular emphasis is placed on the relation between the control processes as well as the special role of attention. According to our model, each layer of metacognition describes a higher-order control system which operates under the rule of a series of attention processes at an ever more refined, abstract, united and holistic level. The same applies to the cognitive processes and abilities such as attention, memory, perception, pattern recognition. At each higher level, they display more advanced attributes and functions responding to the necessity of creating more abstract mental representations and upper class motivations, thoughts and emotions.  In addition, we recommend a number of strategies that support the metacognitive development at each level of the hierarchy. The multi-layered model of metacognition targets at enriching our understanding of how metacognition evolves and it has the potential to guide the development of more effective strategies in educational system.
CCR6 Expression on B Cells Is Not Required for Clinical or Pathological Presentation of MOG Protein–Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis despite an Altered Germinal Center Response
Authors: Lee Dennis S W , Yam Jennifer Y , Grasmuck Camille , Dasoveanu Dragos , Michel Laure , Ward Lesley A , Rojas Olga L , Zandee Stephanie , Bourbonnière Lyne , Ramaglia Valeria , Bar-Or Amit , Prat Alexandre , Gommerman Jennifer L
Published: August 2021

B cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, but the mechanisms that guide B cell activation in the periphery and subsequent migration to the CNS remain incompletely understood. We previously showed that systemic inflammation induces an accumulation of B cells in the spleen in a CCR6/CCL20-dependent manner. In this study, we evaluated the role of CCR6/CCL20 in the context of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) protein–induced (B cell–dependent) experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We found that CCR6 is upregulated on murine B cells that migrate into the CNS during neuroinflammation. In addition, human B cells that migrate across CNS endothelium in vitro were found to be CCR6+, and we detected CCL20 production by activated CNS-derived human endothelial cells as well as a systemic increase in CCL20 protein during EAE. Although mice that lack CCR6 expression specifically on B cells exhibited an altered germinal center reaction in response to MOG protein immunization, CCR6-deficient B cells did not exhibit any competitive disadvantage in their migration to the CNS during EAE, and the clinical and pathological presentation of EAE induced by MOG protein was unaffected. These data, to our knowledge, provide new information on the role of B cell–intrinsic CCR6 expression in a B cell–dependent model of neuroinflammation.
Development of an Optimized Culture System for Generating Mouse Alveolar Macrophage–like Cells
Authors: Luo Maocai , Lai Wenlong , He Zhimin , Wu Li
Published: August 2021

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) play critical roles in maintaining lung homeostasis and orchestrating the immune responses. Although the essential factors known for AM development have been identified, currently an optimal in vitro culture system that can be used for studying the development and functions of AMs is still lacking. In this study, we report the development of an optimized culture system for generating AM-like cells from adult mouse bone marrow and fetal liver cells on in vitro culture in the presence of a combination of GM-CSF, TGF-β, and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonist rosiglitazone. These AM-like cells expressed typical AM surface markers sialic acid–binding Ig-like lectin-F (Siglec-F), CD11c, and F4/80, and AM-specific genes, including carbonic anhydrase 4 (Car4), placenta-expressed transcript 1 (Plet1), eosinophil-associated RNase A family member 1 (Ear1), cell death–inducing DNA fragmentation factor A–like effector c (Cidec), and cytokeratin 19 (Krt19). Similar to primary AMs, the AM-like cells expressed alternative macrophage activation signature genes and self-renewal genes. Moreover, this culture system could be used for expansion of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid–derived AMs in vitro. The AM-like cells generated from bone marrow resembled the expanded bronchoalveolar lavage fluid–derived AMs in inflammatory responses and phagocytic activity. More importantly, these AM-like cells could be obtained in sufficient numbers that allowed genetic manipulation and functional analysis in vitro. Taken together, we provide a powerful tool for studying the biology of AMs.
A local seismic survey at Denison Mine
Authors: Plouffe M
Published: August 2021

Denison Mine, Elliot Lake, was chosen as a site to conduct a seismic survey using a portable seismograph acquired by CANMET. During the approximate four-month period, 370 seismic events were recorded. Of that number, 342 were classified as blasts, and 28 as
mining induced seismic, MIS, events, including a 1.9 mN rockburst.
Waveform analysis was performed on these data and the results are in good agreement with those from other Northern Ontario mines.
A plea of those who are affected most by HIV: The utterances by women who inject Nyaope residing in the City of Tshwane Municipality, Gauteng
Authors: Lefoka Moganki H. , Netangaheni Thinavhuyo R.
Published: August 2021

Background: Nyaope injecting practice brought the field of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) together. It is complex and requires multidisciplinary approach. Women who use drugs face individual, social, and structural factors that fuel their vulnerability to contract HIV, and other blood-borne infections. Women Who Inject Drugs (WWID) are a subpopulation that is neglected from HIV prevention and SUD treatment interventions, and are hardly the subject of surveys. In order to fully address the HIV epidemic among WWID it is imperative that they become part of the process of finding solutions.Aim: This study explored the strategies to curb HIV incidence among Women Who Inject Nyaope (WWIN), residing in City of Tshwane Municipality, Gauteng Province.Setting: The research was conducted within COSUP. COSUP was considered more appropriate as it is a harm reduction based organisation.Methods: The study utilised the qualitative research approach. Semi structured interviews were conducted with 24 women with a history of injecting Nyaope aged between 19 to 35 years. The data was analysed using thematic data analysis.Results: Health intervention, economic intervention and educational intervention was stressed as key strategies to curb HIV among WWIN. Needle exchange programmes, condom distribution, PrEP, HIV Testing and Counselling, employment opportunities, support groups and awareness campaigns if implemented, can yield positive outcomes in curbing HIV among WWID.Conclusion: Mechanisms to curb HIV among WWIN exist, and when implemented, they have the potential to address high HIV incidence among women who inject Nyaope.
Potentially Inappropriate Medication Prescribing in Older Adults
Authors: Sharma Rishabh , Bansal Parveen , Garg Ravinder , Arora Malika
Published: August 2021

The present manuscript highlights Beers guidelines till date and puts them at a single platform to enable the physicians, academicians, and patients for the safe and timely use of medicines. Potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) are medications in which adverse risks exceed its health benefits. Complex and multiple comorbidities in older adults make them use multiple drugs that further become a reason for exclusion from randomized clinical trials (RCT). Hence, no set guidelines or RCT-based scientific shreds of evidence are available to support prescription decisions. PIM has become an increasingly common problem in older adults; hence the American Geriatric Society updated Beers criteria; the most crucial strategy to check its use/misuse. The Beers criteria have been formulated in 1991 with the help of validated and appropriate screening tools that explain the use/avoidance of various drugs in older adults based on their health status and are being further updated as and when required. This change in Beers criteria is due to some limitations in the study population, emerging adverse drug reactions/new drug molecules, change in pharmacodynamics of medicines with changing physiology of older adults. Beers guidelines are being updated; however, few significant issues that are not being touched by the committee responsible for constituting the criteria.
Challenges and Determinants in the Management of the Older Patients with Cancer – Report from a Low- and Middle-Income Country
Authors: Kandel Ramesh , Banerjee Joyita , Saravanan Manicka , Chatterjee Prasun , Chakrawarty Avinash , Dwivedi S. N. , Mohanti Bidhu Kalyan , Dey Aparajit Ballav
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

Cancer is a malady of old age. Older people lose autonomy and independence due to age-associated functional decline and adverse consequences of comorbidity. The impact of these variables has an effect on treatment decisions in older cancer patients.

Methods:

In an observational study, 290 cancer patients aged 60 years or more were evaluated before the initiation of the treatment. They were subjected to a geriatric assessment by various validated assessment tools. Management decisions were as per the prevailing hospital practice.

Results:

The median age at the diagnosis was 65 years and two-third were males. Lung cancer was the most common (49.3%) diagnosis. The major comorbidities seen were hypertension (34.14%), diabetes (20.34%), and COPD (15%). Depression (57%), cognitive impairment (37%), malnourishment (34%), and vision problem (20%) were common age-related issues observed. Seventy-one percent were dependent in one or more domains of activities of daily living. Eighty-one percent had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status score between 0 and 2 (thereby eligible for treatment). In multivariable analysis, good functional status (P < 0.001) and performance status by Karnofsky's Performance Status Scale (P < 0.001) were associated with receiving treatment.

Conclusion:

Improvement in pretreatment functional status by initial geriatric assessment and requisite interventions may improve the access to and consideration of older cancer patients for standard treatment and care in oncology clinics.
Compliance to Gluten-Free Diet May Regenerate Probiotic Microbiota
Authors: Kumari Moni , Arora Malika , Kaur Navdeep , Singh Ranjit , Bansal Parveen
Published: August 2021

Background:

The human intestinal microbiota is very rich in probiotics which includes various species and strains of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, etc. In certain diseased conditions, friendly microbiota may get disturbed or completely eradicated. To make up the loss of such beneficial species, one has to either replenish it from external source or remove the reasons responsible for killing of the microbiota. Similarly, the intestinal microflora also gets disturbed in celiac disease (CD), an autoimmune disorder caused due to the immune-toxic gluten peptides or due to delivery of variety of antibiotics that may act as dysbiotic agents.

Aim:

The present study was aimed to investigate the replenishment of microbiota after sticking to gluten free diet in celiac disease patient.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, ten patients each of four groups were included and their faecal samples were collected. Bacterial colonies were isolated from the sample and the colonies were examined by biochemical and morphological profiling.

Results:

The biochemical and morphological profile of microbiota in faecal samples demonstrated clear-cut regeneration of probiotic species in patients complying with gluten-free diet (GFD). This is the first report on regeneration of microbiota in relation to dietary compliance in CD patients.

Conclusion:

The results of study may play a great role in detecting the patient compliance to GFD and may serve as a non-invasive prognostic tool replacing biopsy especially for paediatric population.
Types of Research Articles and Research Misconduct
Authors: Kalal Nipin , Rana Nimarta , Merchant Missam
Published: August 2021

The field of research involves persistence and hard work to conduct research and understand the results. It is a matter of concern for several initial career researchers that how to publish article. It is significant to have a comprehensive idea about the different kinds of articles that can be publish in different journals. This comprehensive book review provides ideas about types of research articles and research misconducts.
Unusual presentation of an insulinoma in an elderly male patient
Authors: Adarsh M , Salman M , Kumar M Shiva , Shetty M
Published: August 2021

Insulinoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor originating from hypersecreting beta-cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. We report a case of 72-year-old male, with chronic alcohol abuse, presenting with atypical features like refractory recurrent secondary generalized seizures and behavioral disturbances with increased irritability, initially mistreated as alcohol withdrawal. Detailed history, particularly the relationship of the symptoms with food intake, made us think of other causes of seizures. Fasting biochemical investigations and localizing studies helped clinch the diagnosis. The tumor was localized with the help of endoscopic ultrasonography and whole-body Ga68-DOTANOC PET-CT. The patient was treated conservatively with diazoxide and is doing well on follow-up. The present case report emphasizes the importance of detailed clinical history, more so in atypically presenting cases of refractory seizures. Insulinoma can be medically managed despite surgery being the gold standard curative treatment.
A literature review of consent declines and consent withdrawals in randomized controlled trials conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gogtay NJ , Sheth HJ , Maurya MR , Belhekar MN , Thatte UM
Published: August 2021

Objectives:

We evaluated the extent of consent declines and consent withdrawals during the COVID-19 pandemic as seen in published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and compared it with non-COVID-19 RCTs published at the same time and two historical controls.

Methods:

PubMed/Medline only was searched using key-word “COVID-19” and “RCTs” separately, and filtered for COVID-19 RCTs and non-COVID-19 RCTs respectively, published during a nine-month period (1 Feb - 1 Nov 2020). Exclusions were study protocols, observational studies, interim analysis of RCT data and RCTs with missing data. Primary outcome measures were the proportion of consent declines and consent withdrawals as percentage of total participants screened and randomized respectively in COVID-19 RCTs. We compared consent declines and consent withdrawals of COVID-19 RCTs with non-COVID-19 RCTs and two earlier studies on the same topic that served as historical controls (non-pandemic setting).

Results:

The search yielded a total of 111 COVID-19 RCTs and 49 non-COVID-19 RCTs. Of these, 39 (35.13%) COVID-19 RCTs and 11 (22.45%) non-COVID-19 RCTs were finally analysed. A total of 770/17759 (4.3%) consent declines and 100/7607 (1.31%) consent withdrawals were seen in 39 COVID-19 RCTs. A significant difference was observed in consent declines between COVID-19 vs non-COVID-19 RCTs [4.3% vs 11.9%, p < 0.0001] and between COVID-19 RCTs vs two historical controls [(4.3% vs 8.6%, p < 0.0001) and (4.3% vs 21.1%, p < 0.0001), respectively].

Conclusion:

RCTs conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic appear to have significantly lower consent declines relative to non-COVID-19 RCTs during pandemic and RCTs conducted in non-pandemic settings.
Tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome
Authors: Alsaleem Badr M. , Hasosah Mohammed , Ahmed Amna Basheer M. , Al Hatlani Maher M. , Alanazi Aziz Helal , Al-Hussaini Abdulrahman , Asery Ali T. , Alghamdi Khalid A. , AlRuwaithi Muhanad M. , Khormi Musa Ali M. , Al Sarkhy Ahmed , Alshamrani Ali S.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Trichohepatoenteric syndrome (THES) is a very rare disorder that is characterized by intractable congenital diarrhea, woolly hair, intrauterine growth restriction, facial dysmorphism, and short stature. Our knowledge of THES is limited due to the small number of reported cases.

Methods:

Thirty patients diagnosed with THES, all molecularly confirmed by whole exome sequencing (WES) to have biallelic variants in TTC37 or SKIV2L, were included in the study. Clinical, biochemical, and nutritional phenotypes and outcome data were collected from all participants.

Results:

The median age of THES patients was 3.7 years (0.9–23 years). Diarrhea and malnutrition were the most common clinical features (100%). Other common features included hair abnormalities (96%), skin hyperpigmentation (87%), facial dysmorphic abnormalities (73%), psychomotor retardation (57%), and hepatic abnormalities (30%). Twenty-five patients required parenteral nutrition (83%) with a mean duration of 13.34 months, and nearly half were eventually weaned off. Parenteral nutrition was associated with a poor prognosis. The vast majority of cases (89.6%) had biallelic variants in SKIV2L, with biallelic variants in TTC37 accounting for the remaining cases. A total of seven variants were identified in TTC37 (n = 3) and SKIV2L (n = 4). The underlying genotype influenced some phenotypic aspects, especially liver involvement, which was more common in TTC37-related THES.

Conclusion:

Our data helps define the natural history of THES and provide clinical management guidelines.
Impact of a Mobile Health System on the Suppression of Schistosoma haematobium in Chad
Authors: Lalaye Didier , de Bruijn Mirjam E. , de Jong Tom P. V. M.
Published: August 2021

This study determined the contribution of a mobile health (M-health) system to the treatment of Schistosoma haematobium in a region of Chad where S. haematobium is endemic. M-health involves the use of a mobile phone for health care. The study compared the prevalence of schistosomiasis in an area with an M-health system, newly installed in 2014, with an area without an adequate health infrastructure. Data were gathered after the M-health system had been running for 3 years. We took urine samples from children age 1 to 15 years, for a total of 200 children in a village in the M-health area and 200 in a village in a non-M-health area. Urine was checked for urinary schistosomiasis by using dipsticks for microhematuria and, in cases of positive dipstick results, microscopy was used to detect eggs. Comparison between the areas allowed us to assess the effectiveness of the installed M-health system after 3 years of operation. Based on dipstick outcomes, the non-M-health area had an infection rate of 51.5% compared with 29% in the M-health area. Microscopy results in non-M-health and M-health were 27.5% and 21%, respectively. The dipstick result difference between M-health and non-M-health areas was statistically significant. Dipsticks were more reliable than microscopy for the detection of schistosomiasis, especially in areas without qualified personnel. Based on these results, M-health proved its ability to reduce the infection rate of urogenital schistosomiasis, and the implementation of M-health shows great promise in areas where this disease is endemic and where no mass drug administration is provided.
The Performance of Immunoassays to Measure Antibodies to the Chlamydia trachomatis Antigen Pgp3 in Different Epidemiological Settings for Trachoma
Authors: Gwyn Sarah , Nute Andrew W. , Sata Eshetu , Tadesse Zerihun , Chernet Ambahun , Haile Mahteme , Zeru Taye , Bethea Danaya , Laurent Christian , Callahan E. Kelly , Nash Scott D. , Martin Diana L.
Published: August 2021

Programs to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem use prevalence of the clinical sign trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) in 1- to 9-year-olds in endemic districts to make decisions to begin or end mass drug administration with azithromycin. Trachomatous inflammation—follicular is used as a proxy for transmission of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Long-term monitoring of previously endemic districts for recrudescence of ocular C. trachomatis infection would benefit from a simple blood test that could be integrated with other public health programs. In this study, we evaluated multiple tests to measure antibodies against the C. trachomatis antigen Pgp3—a multiplex bead assay (MBA), an ELISA, and two versions of a lateral flow assay (LFA)—in four districts of the Amhara region of Ethiopia with varying levels of TF. Seroprevalence and seroconversion rate (SCR) results were proportional to TF prevalence by district for most tests, with the notable exception of the LFA using colloidal gold as the developing reagent. Changing the test developing reagent to black latex improved agreement between serological measures and TF prevalence and in inter-rater agreement. Seroconversion rate estimates using data derived from the LFA-gold assay were inconsistent with the shape of the age-seroprevalence curve, which did not increase in older ages. These data revealed potential complications with using SCR that will need further evaluation. Data from MBA, ELISA, and LFA with the black test line showed good agreement with each other and proportionality to TF estimates, providing further data that serology has potential utility for trachoma surveillance.
Potential of Shallow Groundwater for Household Level Irrigation Practices in Tahtay Koraro Woreda, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Hagos Ermias , Girmay Amare , Gebreyohannes Tesfamichael
Published: August 2021

This paper deals with the results of a pilot study conducted to estimate the shallow groundwater resource potential and irrigation capacity at the household level in Tahtay Koraro Woreda, northwestern zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. The potential evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration of the study area are estimated to be 1484 mm/year and 814 mm/year respectively. The runoff is approximately calculated to be 280 mm/year and the annual groundwater recharge is estimated to be 29 mm/year. The total annual groundwater abstraction for human, livestock, and irrigation is estimated to be 25 mm/year. It should be noted that the groundwater recharge rate is expected to remain constant while the total annual groundwater discharge is expected to increase from year to year. This relation when projected over a long period may result in a negative groundwater budget which can result in depletion of groundwater (lowering of groundwater levels), reduced baseflow to streams, and deterioration of water quality.  The computed values for hydraulic conductivity of the aquifers range from 1.63 m/day to 7.27 m/day with an average value of 4.9 m/day and transmissivity from 48.9 m2/day to 218.1 m2/day with an average value of 147.14 m2/day. The aquifers in the highly weathered basalt and highly weathered siltstone – sandstone intercalation have transmissivity values ranging from 99 m2/day to 218.1 m2/day with an average value of 157 m2/day and are grouped into the moderate potentiality aquifers category. The aquifers in the slightly weathered and fractured metavolcanics grouped under low potentiality based on the lower transmissivity values (<50 m2/day). The study area has low to moderate groundwater potentiality, hence, large-scale groundwater pumping is not possible. Therefore, the current activity of using hand dug wells for household-level irrigation is the best way of using groundwater for irrigation and other uses as well. Increasing the depth of the existing hand dug wells that are constructed in highly weathered basalt and highly weathered siltstone – sandstone intercalation can also enhance the yield of the hand dug wells. It is recommended to use water-saving irrigation technologies rather than increasing the number of wells. This will also help in increasing the irrigation area. Groundwater recharge enhancement structures such as trenches, percolation ponds, and check dams be constructed in scientifically selected localities to further enhance the groundwater potential.
No Tropos da Formação de Professores de Matemática
Authors: Fernandes Filipe Santos
Published: August 2021

Este texto apresenta questões teóricas e metodológicas presentes nos artigos que compõem a edição temática "Problematizações sobre a Formação Matemática na Licenciatura em Matemática". Junto à ideia de "tropos", palavra grega de significado duplo, "direção" ou "volta", argumenta-se como a formação de professores de matemática transita entre direções, proposições e orientações demandadas pelo Estado ao mesmo tempo que exige modificações, tensionamentos e subversões para assumir posições políticas outras.
Gaining Glycemic Control in Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes in Rural Health
Authors:   , Childs-Hicks Demetric
Published: August 2021

Practice Problem: Diabetes is a significant global healthcare problem. The number of individuals diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is alarmingly high and the numbers are steadily increasing. Because of various barriers, individuals living in rural communities are at greater risk of having uncontrolled T2D. PICOT: The PICOT question that guided this project was “Will patients with uncontrolled T2D in rural health have better control of their glucose levels when using telephone or web-based monitoring by healthcare providers than patients with uncontrolled T2D in rural health who do not use technology to achieve glycemic control as evidenced by lower pre-prandial blood glucose levels over 8 weeks?” Evidence: Evidence indicates that implementing telehealth strategies significantly lowers pre-prandial blood glucose levels in patients with uncontrolled T2D in rural participants. Intervention: Telemedicine was utilized as an innovative approach to coach and monitor patients in efforts to gain glycemic control. Coaching provided nutritional intake for meal planning, dietary tips to modify diet, and various low-impact exercises to increase physical activity; monitoring motivated patients to keep a daily log of their fasting blood sugars and assessed accountability. Outcome: The goal was to have a 25% reduction in fasting blood sugars in participants using the intervention, but findings surpassed that with a 45% reduction in pre-prandial glucose using telemedicine. Conclusion: Using telemedicine to gain glycemic control is statistically and clinically significant. This innovative approach not only improves health outcomes, but it increases access to care for those living in rural communities.
La Revolución Ciudadana y las organizaciones sociales. Ecuador (2007-2017). El caso de la Red de Maestros
Authors: Ortiz Crespo Santiago
Published: August 2021

Santiago Ortiz desmenuza la política para las organizaciones sociales del gobierno de Rafael Correa (2007-2017) a partir de uno de sus ejemplos mejor logrados: la cruzada estatal contra la Unión Nacional de Educadores y el esfuerzo por construir otra entidad, la Red de Maestros y Maestras por la Revolución Educativa. Armado del arsenal teórico en que se entrecruza el tema de los movimientos sociales con aquel de las oportunidades, abiertas o cerradas, por los regímenes políticos, en este libro se detalla cómo se pasó de una organización sindical a una red descentralizada. Mientras la primera tenía su base en la figura de la militancia, la segunda se enfocó en asegurar la gobernabilidad de la política educativa del gobierno y se dedicó –tal como explica uno de sus dirigentes– “solo a sugerir”. El epígrafe del libro ilustra magníficamente la mejor conclusión que cabe luego de estudiar el caso: el gobernante, como el panadero virtuoso de su oficio, brinda un servicio. A sus beneficiarios les cabe apoyar, cuando el pan es bueno, o dejar de comprarlo (o elegirlo), cuando es malo. A los consumidores, como a los maestros, o a la ciudadanía, no les sienta para nada el protagonismo, ni de palabra ni de obra.