bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Stress-Strain State in Connection Resource Defines of Volumetric Hydraulic Drive
Authors: Ionov Pavel A. , Senin Petr V. , Stolyarov Aleksey V.
Published: December 2018

Introduction. The article explores the stress-strain state of a distribution pair of aggregates of a volumetric hydraulic drive and the search for ways to increase its durability.
Materials and Methods. In the process of studying, the generally accepted principles of the theories of friction, reliability, elasticity, mechanisms and machines, and mathematical modeling were used. To simulate the stress-strain state, an engineering analysis system ANSYS was used. Distribution pairs of hydraulic pumps 313.3.112, GST-112 and Sauer Danfoss 90R075 were chosen as objects of study.
Results. As a result of the study there were obtained values of the real contact stresses and long-term current stress on the distribution of pairs of units of volumetric hydraulic drive: the 313.3.112 hydraulic pump is 26,93 MPa; for GTS-112 water pump is of 22.21 MPa for the Sauer Danfoss 90R075 hydraulic pump is 27,12 MPa. It is revealed that the area located on the discharge side is a subject to the greatest loads. This is the cause of one-sided wear of spherical surfaces, which is quite common in units decommissioned. The values of contact stresses in the joints hardened by the method of electric spark machining are on average 1.4 and 9.4 % lower than in not unhardened. In the process of electric spark machining there is a redistribution of stresses on the surface that leads to a decrease of the operating load in the connections.
Conclusions. The study allowed modelling the stress-strain state in new and hardened distribution pairs of volumetric hydraulic drive units under operating conditions and suggesting ways to increase its durability. It was established that to increase the wear resistance of a resolving compound and the durability of the volumetric hydraulic drive aggregates, it is necessary to ensure that in distribution pairs the maximum bearing capacity is greater than the maximum long-term operating load in these connections. To solve this problem, it is proposed to create coatings with high tribotechnical properties by the method of electricspark machining.

Keywords: resource-limiting compound, volumetric hydraulic drive, modeling, finite element method, bearing capacity, operating load, wear resistance, electrospark machining

For citation: Ionov P. A., Senin P. V., Stolyarov A. V. Modeling of Stress-Strain State in Connection Resource Defines of Volumetric Hydraulic Drive. Vestnik Mordovskogo universiteta = Mordovia University Bulletin. 2018; 28(4):537–551. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15507/0236-2910.028.201804.537-551

Acknowledgements: The study was conducted with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (state task, direction: development of competencies) project № 11.3416.2017/4.6 “Development of technologies and tools to improve the durability of parts, assemblies, machines and equipment by creating nanostructured coatings sources of concentrated energy”.
The Resource of Movable Sealing Joints with the O-Ring Seal
Authors: Kuznetsov Vyacheslav V.
Published: December 2018

Introduction. The problem of reliability of hydraulic drives sealing joints remains unsolved. However, the current level of computer modeling tools development allows us to solve effectively the problems of their longevity by replacing laborious experiments with high-performance computing. This paper presents the results of the approbation of the author's methodology for realizing computational approaches to determining the life of sealing joints on the basis of circular cross-section seal of hydraulic booster for MTZ (Minsk Tractor Works) tractors.
Materials and Methods. The determination of mobile sealing joints resource is based on the author's methodology, which used ANSYS for realizing a series of accelerated loading cycles that simulates real operating conditions. The developed models consider the processes of wearing, relaxation and hydrodynamic effects acting in a sealing joint.
Results. The use of the finite element modeling tools made it possible to determine the change in the stress-strain state of the power steering tightener in MTZ tractors during operation. The mechanism of joint tightness restoration on the basis of self-packing effect is revealed. The comparison of the forms of sections, obtained as a result of numerical and micrometer studies, confirms the effectiveness of the proposed methodology and the adequacy of the results obtained. The analysis of the obtained graphs shows that under normal operating conditions, the life of the sealing joint “cylinder ‒ piston” and “rod ‒ cover” is 2 and 1.12 years respectively, and as the temperature and pressure of the hydraulic fluid increase, decreases exponentially.
Conclusions. The results of the study show the high efficiency of the author's methodology. This technique can be used in researches to determine the resource and criteria for the leak-tightness of sealing joints. The graphs of the dependence of the sealing joints life on temperature and hydraulic pressure allow companies, specializing in the creation and repair of hydraulic drives, to develop schedules of preventive measures for their maintenance considering a complex of operational factors.

Keywords: seal, O-ring, hydraulic drive, reliability, life, service life, wear, relaxation, ANSYS, finite element analysis

Acknowledgements: The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Government of the Republic of Mordovia in the framework of the project “Obtaining and research of new composite polymeric materials containing finely dispersed and nanosized modifiers for machine tribo-conjugation elements” (Grant No. 18- 48-130007а_р).

For citation: Kuznetsov V. V. The Resource of Movable Sealing Joints with the
O-Ring Seal. Vestnik Mordovskogo universiteta = Mordovia University Bulletin. 2018; 28(4):562–582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15507/0236-2910.028.201804.562-582
Evaluation of the Influence of Motor Oil Ultrasonic Processing on the Wear of Friction Pairs during Long-Term Wearing Tests
Authors: Simdiankin Arkadii A. , Davydkin Alexandr М. , Slyusarev Mikhail N. , Zemskov Alexander М.
Published: December 2018

Introduction. The influence of ultrasound parameters on the properties of processed lubricating oils and wear characteristics of friction pairs is a relevant problem in agricultural engineering. The paper presents a simple method for influencing on the lubricating oil by ultrasonic vibrations of the optimum frequency and power that results in reducing the wear of the interfaces of mechanisms and machines. The authors study the change in the physical characteristics of the oil during its ultrasound treatment and the assessment of their effect on the wear of a friction pair during long-term tests.
Materials and Methods. We used a generator with variable signal parameters, a lever scale, a burette and an alcohol thermometer to assess the change in coefficient of surface tension of engine oil during sonication. Long-term tribotechnical tests were carried out on 2070 CMT-1M friction machine according to the “roller ‒ pad” scheme. The mass of these samples after long-term tests was weighed by Sartorius company analytical scales with a measurement accuracy of 0.00001 g. A profilograph-profilometer of Taylor Hobson Company was also used.
Results. As a result of the research, the optimum frequency and power of ultrasound were revealed for lubricating oil processing. The decrease in the surface tension coefficient of oil was more than 5 %. With prolonged wear tests, the wear factor was reduced by 28 %.
Conclusions. The effect of increasing the wear resistance of friction pairs when exposed to ultrasound oil is associated with a decrease in its surface tension coefficient, which allows the oil to be distributed with minimal effort over the surfaces with forming a film of sufficient thickness, which increases the bearing capacity of rubbing surfaces.

Keywords: wear, surface tension coefficient, motor oil, tribotechnical test, ultrasound

For citation: Simdiankin A. A., Davydkin A. M., Slyusarev M. N., Zemskov A. M. Evaluation of the Influence of Motor Oil Ultrasonic Processing on the Wear of Friction Pairs during Long-Term Wearing Tests. Vestnik Mordovskogo universiteta = Mordovia University Bulletin. 2018; 28(4):583–602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15507/0236-2910.028.201804.583-602

Acknowledgments: The study was conducted with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (state task, direction: development of competencies) project no. 11.3416.2017/4.6 “Development of technologies and tools to improve the durability of parts, assemblies, machines and equipment by creating nanostructured coatings sources of concentrated energy”.
Educational Path and Neuropsychological Support for Children after Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Baulina Maria E.
Published: December 2018

Introduction. This article presents an overview of rehabilitation problems of children after cochlear implantation. Various approaches to teaching deaf children with cochlear implants existing in different countries are considered. The necessity of prolonged psycho-pedagogical support and neuropsychological assistance in choosing an educational path is ar gued.
Materials and Methods. The study used quantitative and qualitative data analysis. As the main parameters of the quantitative analysis, the percentages of the number of children with cochlear implants reaching the level of development of educational and social skills were chosen. Qualitative data analysis included selection of the most commonly found in children with cochlear implants disorders of higher mental functions described in these studies.
Results. The quantitative analysis of the distribution of the results of educational and social achievements of pupils with cochlear implants revealed a significant variation of the data presented in the studies. The greatest discrepancies were revealed in such indicators as progress in mathematics and reading, as well as in the frequency of the sign language, which characterizes the presence of a negative attitude towards the use of sign language instead of speech. Qualitative data analysis showing the specifics of the development of individual mental functions revealed a number of problems that may become targets for correctional training.
Discussion and Conclusion. In the course of advising parents on the choice of an educational pathway for a child, it is advisable to pay their attention not only to the format of the educational process and the type of institution, but also to the content characteristics of learning, including the active and regular use of visual assistive devices. The neuropsychological diagnostics is feasible of for assessment of readiness for school education and choosing an educational path for a child with a c ochlear implants.

Keywords: cochlear implantation, educational path, learning skills, communication skills, neuropsychological diagnostics
Case Method as a Tool for Evaluation and Development of Terminological Competence of Future Teachers
Authors: Bordovskaia Nina V. , Koshkina Elena A. , Tikhomirova Marina A. , Bochkina Natalia
Published: December 2018

Introduction. Theoretical and practical aspects of applying case methods have been considered for the first time as tools for developing terminological competence of students mastering educational programs in the field of pedagogics. The aim of the study is to determine scientific basis for choosing and applying cases while studying specifics of development of terminological competence in the field of didactics, and assessment of their efficiency at different levels of professional training of a teacher .
Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of solution of pedagogical cases. The data were processed using mathematical statistics methods. The sample included 860 persons, among them students currently undergoing vocational training and those receiving higher education, teachers of secondary schools and institutions of secondary vocational pedagogical education.
Results. The findings of the study indicate that object-cognitive, professional-speech and reflective-evaluation cases provide for efficient use of the case method in evaluation of the level of formedness of terminological competence. Empirical verification of the cases allowed to identify differences in the extent to which terminological competence of future teachers is formed at different stages of professional training, and the significance of object-cognitive component in ensuring that professional terminology is duly mastered. The effectiveness of completion of different case types was evaluated. This study expanded our understanding of principles of selection and structuring of case tasks to evaluate and improve development of future teachers’ terminological competence in the course of learning theoretical basics of modern teaching. The research results provide a better understanding of case methods in pedagogical education.
Discussion and conclusion. The case method is an important issue for future research. A further study of the other subject fields in professional pedagogical training with special focus on the level of terminological competence of educators in secondary and vocational schools is suggested. Practical significance of this article lies in the prospect of uncovering potential capabilities of the case method for diagnostic and didactic purposes in universities.

Keywords: future teacher, terminological competence, didactic term, terminology, case method, case typology

Acknowledgements. The study was conducted with financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 16-06-00486).
Seeing the forest through different trees: A social psychological perspective of work addiction
Authors: Tóth-Király István , Bőthe Beáta , Orosz Gábor
Published: December 2018

We live in exciting times for the scientific study of work addiction, given its increased relevance and the diverse perspectives one might take to approach this phenomenon. Simultaneously, this field does not appear to be unified as a result of several misleading myths, which are addressed by the debate paper of Griffiths et al. (2018). In response, we would like to complement this study by proposing that the construct of interest should be more precisely identified in the context of related constructs and that an integrative framework should be applied, which is able to take into account not just the micro-level characteristics (i.e., individual differences), but meso- (i.e., environmental factors) and macro-level (i.e., societal factors) ones as well.
Studying the Solubility, availability, and uptake of silicon (Si) from some ore minerals in sandy soil
Authors: T. Rashad Rama , A. Hussien Rashad
Published: December 2018

The solubility and availability of Si from the feldspar, silica, and zeolite as Si-bearing minerals were studied in a sandy soil. Silicon uptake by the soybean (Glycine max L.) plant was discussed. The minerals used were applied before planting in two separate rates; rate 1 ≈ 595.2 and rate 2 ≈ 1190.5 kg ha-1 accompanied by a ≈ 4.8 kg ha-1 constant rate of the K-humate sprayed as a solution on soil after planting in a complete randomized block design. The dissolved Si from the different minerals at rate 2 followed an opposite direction to their SiO2 percentage that may be due to the structural differences: silica (1.46 mg kg-1 - SiO2 =98.4%) < zeolite (1.71 mg kg-1 - SiO2 =75.9%) < feldspar (2.09 mg kg-1 - SiO2 = 71.9%). The individual mineral treatments at rate 2 have almost decreased the available NPK estimated after soybean harvesting. The K-humate has enhanced the effect of silica at rate 2 for the available N and P. The soybean seed yield (kg ha-1) increased significantly by 117.9% for the S1 + H, 109.2% for K-humate and 57.5% for the Z2 + H. The seeds’ Si (mg kg-1) increased significantly from 3.6% to 102.9% affected by the silica treatments.
EVALUATION OF CYTOKINES AND HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN IN VIBRATION DISEASE
Authors: Bodienkova G. M. , Kurchevenko S. I.
Published: December 2018

The prolonged impact of industrial vibration on workers leads to the development of a vibrational disease (VB), which occupies a leading position in the structure of occupational pathology. VB from the impact of local vibration is a chronic occupational disease characterized by a predominant lesion of the nervous, vascular system and musculoskeletal system of the upper and lower extremities. One of the real ways to reduce the incidence is the early detection of the negative impact of vibration on the body of workers. In this regard, cytokines and heat shock proteins (HSP70) can be early and sensitive indicators that reflect the severity of health disorders from exposure to vibration. The aim of the study was to study changes in the content of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines, extracellular HSP70 and their relationship in patients with VB. In the immunological study included 43 male patients with a diagnosis of VB. The criteria for inclusion in this group were: a verified diagnosis, written informed consent to participate in the study, the harmful effects of local vibration in the workplace. According to the data of hygienic control, the working conditions of workers in dangerous occupations by vibration belong to the 4 (dangerous) class due to intensive local vibration. The content of cytokines: IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα and HSP70 in the serum of patients was determined by enzyme immunoassay. The blood sampling for the study was taken from patients only once on admission to the hospital before the treatment. Statistical processing of data was carried out with the help of packages of application programs Statistica for Windows 6.0 and Microsoft Excel. It was established that the development of VB disease is accompanied by imbalance of the cytokine profile, characterized by a decrease in the levels of IL-1β, IL-10 and an increase in IL-8. The inhibition of production of IL-1β and IL-10 is a consequence of the chronic process that has developed in the body of the patients examined. And the revealed decrease in extracellular concentration of HSP70 in comparison with practically healthy people can be caused by the accumulation of it inside the cell or on its surface. Correlation analysis revealed the relationship between a decrease in HSP70 and an increase in IL-1β, and a decrease in IL-10 levels. Synthesis of HSP is an intracellular defense mechanism that prevents cell damage by activating the synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The obtained relationships between cytokines and HSP70 testify to the involvement of HSP70 in immunoinflammatory processes in VB. The revealed changes contribute to the chronic inflammatory process and justify the progressive course of the VB.
СHANGES OF IMMUNOREGULATORY INDEXES IN CHILDREN EXPOSED TO STRONTIUM
Authors: Otavina E. A. , Dolgikh O. V. , Starkova K. G. , Kazakova O. A. , Mazunina A. A.
Published: December 2018

Evaluation of the immune system parameters can be used in order to assess capacity to adapt under conditions of increased external chemical load, including exposure to metals, which can exert either activating and inhibitory effects upon immune regulation parameters. The aim of this work was the analysis of immunoregulatory markers in a children’s population who consumed water with high strontium content (a sample from the Perm region). We carried out immunological evaluation of the children aged 7 to 12 years, living at a territory with a high strontium content in the drinking water. The comparison group included children from the conventionally clean region. We studied differential changes in cellular immunity (phagocytosis rates), humoral factors of immune defense (serum immunoglobulins), development of specific sensitization for strontium, as well as the processes of apoptosis triggering and regulation. A 3.68-fold increase in strontium levels was shown in fresh water within observation area, and the average  blood strontium content in the children of appropriate observation group was 1.55-fold higher than in children of the comparison group. At the same time, 1.2-fold increase in phagocytic activity determined as phagocytic number and phagocytic index was found, as compared to the control group. In 80% of the subjects, a reduction in serum IgG level was observed when compared to physiological norm, as well as a significant decrease in IgG and enhance in IgM production against the levels found in the comparison group. Wehave also shown an enhanced total sensitization in 55.0% of the observation group as shown by the total IgE test compared with normal age ranges, as well as excessive specific sensitization to strontium by 2.49 times, according to the IgG criterion. Disturbance in apoptosis triggering was associated with decreased number of CD95+ lymphocytes and TNFR1+ cells (2.8-fold compared to reference values), shifted balance in apoptogenic proteins, an average of 2.6-fold decrease in Bcl-2 expression, a 2.8-fold reduction of the p53 transcription factor expression relative to the reference interval. Thus, we have shown an ability of strontium excess in drinking water to influence the most important indices of immune regulation in pediatric population. These changes may serve as indices of populational health status under of external strontium exposure.
INTERGENIC INTERACTIONS OF CYTOKINE GENES IL1, IL1RA, IL6, IL10 AND TNFА IN PATIENTS WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS IN RUSSIAN POPULATION OF THE CHELYABINSK REGION
Authors: Stashkevich D. S. , Belyaeva S. V. , Filippova Yu. Yu. , Burmistrova A. L.
Published: December 2018

Сomplex intergenic interactions should be taken into account when predicting the risk of adverse course in a pathological process. This presumption is at the heart of evolving multifactorial diseases (ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome). A single genetic polymorphism seems to be a weak risk factor when predicting the disease evolution and it could not be used as a prognostic model for development of multifactorial pathologies, especially in cases of rare alleles. However, it is well known that the combination of unfavorable alleles of several genes with an additive effect is dangerous. Therefore, identification of such polymorphisms is very important.Previously we conducted a test panel, in order to evaluate associations of alleles and genotypes of some cytokine genes (IL1β, TNFα, IL1rа, IL10, IL6) with predisposal, or resistance for ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome in the Russian Chelyabinsk region. Distribution of alleles and genotypes of these genes have been assessed in irritation bowel disease (IBD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The following methods were used: isolation of DNA samples from whole blood, genotyping of the studied gene polymorphisms with PCR, RFLP. A comparative analysis of intergenic interactions between the cytokine genes IL1β, TNFα, IL1ra, IL10, IL6 in the IBD and UC patients was carried out by the Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction method. The analysis is based on the use of polymorphic loci of IL1β, TNFα, IL1ra, IL10, IL6 combinations chosen for analysis of intergenic interactions, with respect to the risk for IBS and UC predisposition. As a result of this study, a fourlocus model IL1β(+3953)*Т/TNFα(-308)*A/IL10(-1082)*G/IL6(-174)*G was identified for IBS, which was characterized by 90% repeatability and prediction accuracy of 74.5%. This model of gene interactions between the cytokine IL1β, TNFα, IL1ra, IL10, IL6 genes had the greatest prediction potential (p < 0.001) in IBS, whereas the model for UC was not statistically significant. The following types of genetic interactions were established: synergism between the IL1β(+3953)*Т and TNFα(-308)*A loci, whereas IL6(-174)*G и IL10(-1082)*G, TNFα(-308)*A seem to be in antagonistic relationships. The study made it possible to establish that the -174G/C IL-6 polymorphism may play a central role and provide intergenic interactions with SNPs of IL1β, TNFα, IL10 for predisposal to irritable bowel syndrome in Chelyabinsk Region of Russia.
Briefing: Case studies for movement gauges to record vertical movements in structures to ±0·1 mm
Authors: Thorniley-Walker Robert , Bowers Alice , Foley Paul , Thew Iain
Published: December 2018

Extraordinary controversy continues to exist within the engineering profession over monitoring of movements and even over the underlying reason why useful and repeatable data are needed. Previous papers on this subject have shown that cracks only indicate the symptom of movement, but cannot reliably demonstrate the cause or even the form of movement. Monitoring of just the cracks often results in inadequate or inappropriate remedial works. Movement gauges can quickly and cheaply provide readings of relative vertical movements to 0·1 mm. Case studies illustrate advantages over the Building Research Establishment’s precise levelling approach; how understanding of the characteristics of the ground movement helped forensic investigations of both a castle keep and a 1960s tower block; and how needless underpinning of a domestic property was avoided using vertical monitoring.
Quantity and Reporting Quality of Kidney Research
Authors: Chatzimanouil Markos Kyriakos Tomidis , Wilkens Louise , Anders Hans-Joachim
Published: December 2018

Background

In 2004, researchers reported that the number of nephrology clinical trials was low and that the reporting quality of such trials was suboptimal. Furthermore, the number or quality of preclinical kidney-related studies has not been systematically evaluated.

Methods

We performed a systematic review of randomized clinical trials published in 1966–2017 (listed in the Cochrane Library) and preclinical studies published in 1945–2017 (listed in PubMed). For reporting quality analysis, we evaluated the final main paper of 118 clinical trial reports and 135 preclinical studies published in leading journals in 1996, 2006, and 2016 on the basis of criteria from the widely used CONSORT and ARRIVE guidelines.

Results

The annual number of reports of clinical kidney-related trials more than doubled between 2004 and 2014 along with reports in other medical disciplines. Hypertension remains the dominant focus of study, but ongoing trials also center on CKD, ESRD, and AKI. The reporting quality analysis revealed improvements, but deficits in reporting of clinical trial design, mode of randomization, and intention-to-treat analysis remain. Annual numbers of kidney-related preclinical studies remained low between 1945 and 2017 compared with other disciplines. Reporting quality analysis of preclinical studies revealed substantial reporting deficits across all leading journals, with little improvement over the last 20 years, especially for group size calculations, defining primary versus secondary outcomes, and blinded analysis.

Conclusions

Nephrology studies keep increasing in number but still lag behind other medical disciplines, and the quality of data reporting in kidney research can be further improved.
Aproximación a un modelo sobre antropología de la Asistencia
Authors: Comelles Josep Maria , Andreu Agustí , Ferrús Jordi , París Serra
Published: December 2018

El campo de la Antropología de la Medicina está lejos de presentar la concreción y la consistencia teórica que parecería corresponderle a tenor de su ya larga historia. Nacido a principios de siglo como una subespecialización de la Etnología de sociedades primitivas, adquiere probablemente carta de naturaleza con la publicación de Medecine, Magic and Religion por W.H.R. Rivers en 1924. Rivers formuló una primera teorización sobre dicha materia, pero su tarea debe ser entendida más que como un punto de partida, como la concreción de una serie heterogénea de intereses.
Guies de Treball sobre Assistència. Malaltia. Terapèutica i Remeis Empírics.
Authors: Comelles Josep Maria , Andreu Agustí , Ferrús Jordi , París Serra
Published: December 2018

La col·lecció de guies de treball que s’esmerça aquí té unes característiques substancialment diferents de les precedents. Aquelles suposen més que una eina de recerca de camp, una eina de classificació. Aquestes, en canvi, tot i essent també instruments útils per a la classificació de dades, s’inscriuen en canvi dins una òptica diferent, regida per una orientació metodològica, les línies generals de la qual estan descrites en les pàgines precedents. Amb això no volem dir que aquesta orientació sigui la única possible, sinó únicament una alternativa que ha estat escollida per dur a terme una política institucional determinada.
Michel Ragon: L'espace de la mort
Authors: Allué Marta
Published: December 2018

Louis-Vincent Thomas decía que “el hombre es aquel animal que entierra a sus muertos”, de ahí que para quienes se ocupen de la cultura humana, el modo cómo los hombres han dado o dan sepultura a sus difuntos haya sido un tema permanente de interés.
Miembros del Departamento de Antropología de Tarragona y Plan de Estudios
Authors: Arxiu Revista
Published: December 2018

El Departamento está constituido por cuatro profesores: Drs. Dolors Comas d'Argemir, Josep Mª Comelles, Joan Prat y Joan J. Pujadas; un becario: Jordi Ferrús; y siete colaboradores: Marta Allué, Agustí Andreu, Misericordia Domingo, Carme González, Mª Serra París, Rosa Rodríguez-Solano y Fausto Sánchez Cascado.
L'autolesió corporal: propostes per a una interpretació cultural del símptoma
Authors: Casadó Marín Lina Cristina
Published: December 2018

En la propera edició del DSM-V, que es preveu que surti publicada l’any 2013, l’autolesió corporal apareixerà definida com un nou trastorn mental sota l’etiqueta diagnòstica de non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Un dels principals motius que des de l’American Psychiatric Association (APA) es donen a la creació de la categoria clínica té a veure amb l’augment de la incidència de la conducta autolesiva i la necessitat d’implementar mesures terapèutiques específiques a aquestes accions. Al fil del que la nova edició del DSM planteja, en aquest article presento una reflexió crítica al voltant d’aquest procés. Els eixos sobre els quals pivota aquesta dissertació se centren, d’una banda, a reflexionar al voltant de les implicacions que pot generar la construcció de l’autolesió corporal com un problema de salut que afecta específicament els joves, i, de l’altra, a reivindicar la necessitat de recuperar les narratives i les interpretacions que els joves fan del seu símptoma. Amb relació a aquest darrer punt, les possibilitats que l’etnografia i l’ús de les narratives ens permet anar més enllà dels límits interpretatius del model biomèdic, i ens obre la porta a la dimensió relacional de l’autolesió com a símptoma social.
Representaciones en torno a las entidades colaboradoras de la adopción internacional (ECAI) en la prensa.
Authors: Anzil Verónica
Published: December 2018

Entre 1997 y 2010 llegaron a Cataluña 11.459 niños y niñas nacidos y adoptados en el extranjero, que ahora forman parte de familias locales. En la gran mayoría de esos procesos de adopción participó alguna de las Entidades Colaboradoras de la Adopción Internacional (ECAI) acreditadas en la comunidad autónoma. Las ECAI son asociaciones sin ánimo de lucro que realizan funciones de mediación entre los solicitantes de adopción y los países de origen del menor. Teniendo en cuenta que los medios de comunicación son una forma de construcción social de la realidad, y con el objetivo de reconstruir las representaciones (re)creadas por la prensa sobre las ECAI, realicé un análisis de los 780 artículos periodísticos aparecidos entre 1997 y 2010 en dos de los periódicos de mayor tirada en Cataluña. Analicé, además, las actas de la Comisión especial sobre adopción internacional del Senado, con fines comparativos.
Jo sóc armat. Reivindicant la identitat cristiana i local
Authors: Suñé Morales Jordi
Published: December 2018

En este artículo nos proponemos analizar las motivaciones de un grupo de participantes de las procesiones de Semana Santa conocidos como los “armats” de una población de la costa catalana. Esta cofradía está formada por un grupo de unos treinta hombres. Van caracterizados com si fueran soldados romanos y acompañan a la figura de Jesucristo en las procesiones que rememoran su muerte. La identidad fuerte del grupo, conseguida a partir de un funcionamiento ritualizado, consolida una práctica de origen religioso en un contexto de reencantamiento de la vida, de multiplicidad de prácticas religiosas, del uso moderno de la tradición y de la reivindicación de la localidad en un momento de cambios fruto de la globalización.
Els malestars dels adolescents
Authors: Carceller Maicas Natalia , Martínez-Hernàez Àngel
Published: December 2018

La depressió i els malestars associats estan en auge a la nostra societat. La depressió és la quarta malaltia en termes de prevalença mundial per la població general, i es preveu que el 2020 serà la segona malaltia més prevalent del món. Els nostres adolescents i joves, que seran els adults del futur, es veuran, per tant, afectats per l’augment d’aquesta xifra.
Pràctiques i estratègies dels productors agraris a Catalunya. Trajectòries i plantejaments de futur
Authors: Soronellas Masdeu Montserrat , Casal Fité Gemma
Published: December 2018

La recerca, un contracte finançat per l’Associació Entrepobles, ha tingut l’objectiu de conèixer quines són les respostes que el món pagès català dóna als reptes plantejats pels condicionants de la globalització. Les estadístiques agràries mostren que, en la darrera dècada, s’ha tornat a reduir el nombre d’explotacions agroramaderes a Catalunya. La major part ha tancat portes després que els titulars arribessin a l’edat de jubilació i no trobessin relleu generacional per continuar l’activitat. Les que han continuat han optat per diferents alternatives: sobredimensionar l’explotació, intensificar més les produccions, canviar les orientacions productives o emprendre el camí de la transformació i la comercialització.
Una esperançada consolidació
Authors: Roca Girona Jordi
Published: December 2018

El moment més emocionant en la vida d’una revista és sens dubte l’aparició del seu primer número. És l’instant en què la idea inicial i tots els esforços que l’han seguida es veuen plasmats en una nova capçalera, amb la seva portada, els seus primers articles, etc. El segon número no és, certament, la prova de la consolidació del projecte, però si més no n’és la primera esperançada passa i la constatació que la iniciativa i el projecte no nasqueren d’una pruïja poc o gens fonamentada, sinó que s’assenten en unes bases prou sòlides. Aquest esperançador número 2 conté textos que tenen la virtut de mostrar, també, la vitalitat, la diversitat i la innovació que aquest modest enclavament de l’antropologia tarragonina és capaç de produir i transmetre a la comunitat científica a través d’aquest renovat i persistent alhora Arxiu d’Etnografia de Catalunya.
La irrupción de la cultura skater en el espacio público de Barcelona
Authors: Camino Xavier
Published: December 2018

Barcelona es escogida hoy por muchos skaters de todo el mundo como una ciudad de preferencia para vivir o visitar pues ofrece, casualmente gracias a su arquitectura y al diseño del espacio urbano, gran cantidad de espacios ideales para la práctica del skateboarding. De esta manera, muchos espacios urbanos son reinterpretados por skaters, lo que da lugar a nuevos usos y significados. A continuación presentamos los resultados de un estudio centrado en el desarrollo de esta práctica cultural en la ciudad de Barcelona. Partiendo de métodos tradicionales de la antropología como la observación distante y la observación participante, las entrevistas en profundidad, los relatos de vida y las fuentes documentales (bibliográfica, archivística e internet), el investigador ha querido presentar una etnografía como estudio de caso para estimular el debate teórico en torno a temas como la cultura y la identidad en un contexto urbano marcado por la globalización.
¿Quién escucha a los terapeutas? Representaciones de los profesionales en un CAS de Cataluña
Authors: Paz Reverol Carmen Laura
Published: December 2018

El punto de partida de esta investigación es el interés por describir y analizar las representaciones de los terapeutas y profesionales en un centro de atención para drogodependientes de una ciudad media de Cataluña. Nuestro objetivo se centra en analizar cómo los terapeutas identifican, denominan e interpretan la enfermedad en las personas con problemas de alcohol (pcpa) y cómo diseñan sus terapias y tratamientos desde el enfoque sistémicorelacional. Con este fin, se recogen las experiencias de 16 profesionales (médicos, psicólogos, psiquiatras, trabajadores sociales, enfermeros, mediadores interculturales) de dicho centro con las personas que acuden al servicio y sus narrativas en cuanto a la enfermedad y el tratamiento de los usuarios; también las reflexiones sobre la evolución y las perspectivas del Centro de Atención para Drogodependientes desde el punto de vista de los terapeutas como actores sociales. A partir de una metodología etnográfica centrada en el punto de vista del actor, la convivencia durante un año con los terapeutas ha permitido captar el sentido que adquiere para ellos la enfermedad y el tratamiento, circunscrito al ámbito biomédico. Como estrategias básicas para la recogida de información se utilizaron la observación participante y la entrevista en profundidad.
Un doble homenaje colectivo al amigo Joan Prat i Carós
Authors: Del Pino Díaz Fermín
Published: December 2018

Ressenya del llibre: Contreras, J.; Pujadas, J.J.; Roca Girona, J. (coords.) (2012). Pels camins de l’etnografia: un homenatge a Joan Prat. Tarragona, Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Diversos autors (2012). El sofà blau. Migdiades amb el Joan Prat. Tarragona, DAFITS, ITA. Me alegra tener la oportunidad de sumarme al homenaje tributado al amigo Joan Prat, a quien conocí en el congreso de Segovia del año 1974 y con quien he compartido varios congresos posteriores, así como algunas complicidades historiográficas (todos nosotros en busca de ancestros nacionales respetables, y por medios historiográficos modernos). Eso me da la oportunidad de testimoniar la memoria que se le guarda fuera de su propio ámbito no solo por los colegas catalanes de su generación —lo que sería razonable—, sino también entre otros colectivos exteriores y anteriores (es decir, más veteranos). Ubicado en la segunda generación de antropólogos posterior a los fundadores, sin ser Joan Prat de los mayores, es verdad que ha tenido un rol articulador a nivel tanto de la comunidad catalana como de la española.
Etnografía
Authors: Cordeiro Graça Índias
Published: December 2018

Ressenya del llibre: Pujadas, Joan J. (coord.), Dolors Comas d’Argemir, Jordi Roca i Girona (2010). Etnografía. Barcelona, Editorial UOC.Etnografía é um excelente manual que consegue apresentar a riqueza inesgotável desta forma de conhecer a diversidade sociocultural das sociedades contemporâneas de perto, de dentro, numa relação próxima, e, ao mesmo tempo, ensinar a fazer etnografia, passo a passo. Publicado em catalão em 2004 é com agrado que saudamos a tradução em castelhano, disponível a partir de 2010, que alarga a sua leitura a um publico bem mais amplo. Só com uma longa experiência de investigação e de ensino foi possível produzir este livro cuja utilidade alcança vários alvos. O texto é acessível, rigoroso e detalhado e destina-se tanto ao amplo público, curioso em melhor conhecer os métodos de pesquisa social, como ao estudante, ao técnico profissional, e ao investigador que deseje aprofundar os seus conhecimentos e usá-lo como guia de trabalho e, ainda, a todos os professores de ciências sociais que encontram aqui uma fonte de inspiração teórica e metodológica apta a ser usada em sala de aula e na bibliografia dos programas dos cursos de metodologias qualitativas. A complementaridade dos seus três autores, todos professores de antropologia na Universitat Rovira i Virgili, em Tarragona, advém, em grande medida, de uma longa e sistemática colaboração partilhada em equipas de investigação, aliado a especializações pessoais em torno de interesses de pesquisa próprios, uma vez que todos são autoridades reconhecidas nas matéria dos subcapítulos que assinam – como bem exemplificam “Cartas de parentesco y genealogias”, de Dolors Comas, “Trayetorias sociales e historias de vida”, de Joan Pujadas ou “Fuentes documentales y archivos”, de Jordi Roca.
El deporte es nuestro. Experiencias de construcción de instalaciones deportivas en tiempos de crisis
Authors: Maza Gutiérrez Gaspar
Published: December 2018

“El barrio es nuestro” fue uno de los eslóganes más populares y significativos de las luchas vecinales de los movimientos sociales de los años setenta y ochenta. Los logros vecinales, asociados al desarrollo del estado de bienestar, se centraron en dotaciones de instalaciones básicas (agua, luz, aceras, iluminación…) a las que posteriormente se añadieron centros cívicos, bibliotecas, polideportivos… A la vez que se conseguían recursos se fue organizando su gestión a través de empresas especializadas (concesionarias, gestores, etc.). En este marco se generó una zonificación, de tal manera que la práctica deportiva se espacializó y se concentró en torno a zonas deportivas, de la misma forma que las industrias se concentraron en polígonos industriales.
Identidad local y multiculturalismo en un municipio rural catalán. El caso de Vila-rodona
Authors: Aguilar Cunill Carla
Published: December 2018

Este artículo pretende presentar brevemente los resultados de una investigación más amplia llevada a cabo entre 2010 y 2012 en la que analizaba la situación social existente en el municipio de Vila-rodona, un pequeño municipio rural catalán en el que conviven unas quince nacionalidades diferentes, situación a la que se ha llegado en pocos años. La población extranjera despierta sentimientos muy diferenciados dependiendo de su lugar de origen, siendo la más numerosa la de origen marroquí, que a la vez es la que lleva más tiempo en el municipio y despierta un mayor rechazo por parte de los habitantes autóctonos. Por otro lado, analizaré cómo su presencia ha fortalecido mucho el sentimiento identitario y de grupo de los habitantes “de toda la vida” o autóctonos
Dependència de l’alcohol i rituals de pas
Authors: Esteve Blanch Jaume
Published: December 2018

Treball de camp, durant un any, en tres grups d’Alcohólicos Anónimos(AA) a la ciutat de Barcelona. La investigació es va complementar amb entrevistes a informants i persones vinculades professionalment i acadèmica al món de les drogodependències. L’objectiu va consistir a entendre la dinàmica interna d’AA que, basada en un sistema normatiu tancat, és replicada arreu del món des de la seva fundació, el 1935. Interpretar aquesta normativitat específica i els seus resultats va constituir la principal tasca de recerca en aquest aspecte particular de la tesi doctoral de l’autor. El treball de camp assenyalat es va començar a cegues, o sigui, sense un hipòtesi prèvia. Les conclusions finals d’aquest article mostren que AA és una comunitat normativa amb un cerimonial proper a un ritual de pas amb llarga liminalitat i es presenten com una interpretació teòrica de la realitat observada a AA a partir de les dades empíriques de l’observació participant i de les esmentades entrevistes.
Modelling Barcelona
Authors: W. McDonogh Gary
Published: December 2018

Este texto panorámico, de carácter introductorio, sirve como presentación de un libro con el mismo título que aparecerá en el mercado norteamericano en los próximos meses. Se trata de una aproximación histórica que, tras identificar en un estilo braudeliano la ubicación de la ciudad en su contexto mediterráneo, pretende destacar las huellas de su conformación como ciudad global a través de las diferentes fases de plenitud y crisis que se han sucedido a lo largo de mil años de historia, forjando las capas que configuran hoy el palimpsesto urbano barcelonés. Las etapas que se narran son las siguientes: 1) la expansión comercial y colonial mediterránea durante la Edad Media hasta su crisis en el siglo xv, 2) los efectos en la ciudad de la vinculación dinástica de Cataluña con Castilla en la era de la expansión colonial americana, 3) la industrialización, etapa de crecimiento urbano, de luchas sociales y de conformación de la ciudad burguesa y de una identidad nacional, 4) la otra Barcelona de la industrialización: luchas sociales, conflicto y contestación urbana, 5) la Barcelona de la era franquista y 6) la Barcelona posmoderna, desde las Olimpiadas hasta la actualidad. Junto a esta visión panorámica, el texto ofrece una abundante selección bibliográfica que abarca desde estudios etnográficos e históricos hasta obras literarias y otras fuentes de documentación social.
Editorial
Authors: Arxiu Revista
Published: December 2018

El número 14 de la revista Arxiu d’Etnografia de Catalunya presenta, en l’apartat Articles, el treball dels ja doctors Jaume Esteve i Paula González; els treballs dels doctorands Manfred Egbe, Roxana Yzusqui i Vincent Maisongrande, i, finalment, el treball d’Alejandra Toriz.
Sexuality in the Bayang Community – Mamfe, South West region of Cameroon
Authors: Egbe Manfred
Published: December 2018

Este artículo describe los sistemas socioculturales, políticos, económicos e ideológicos que enmarcan la sexualidad en la comunidad Bayang. Demuestra que la iniciación en las prácticas sexuales se produce antes de los 18 años (es decir, antes de la edad en la que una persona es legalmente considerado madura/adulto en Camerún); y que las prácticas sexuales a menudo ocurren con uno o varios pareja de manera regular u ocasional. Se argumenta que el fenómeno no es exclusivo al grupo Bayang o a la comunidad pero común en otras comunidades y contextos también, y enmarcado por los sistemas políticos, socioculturales, económicos e ideológicos de la sociedad. Por lo tanto, la sexualidad en la comunidad Bayang es enmarcado por la emancipación temprana de jóvenes varones; la aceptación progresiva y creciente de “culturas occidentales” acerca de amor; la influencia del grupo de pares; la imitación y experimentación de los comportamientos observados; cambios en los sistemas de valores tradicionales y el control y autoridad parental; las dificultades económicas y; la presencia de determinados instalaciones sociales en la localidad.
El campo social de la migración rumana
Authors: Maisongrande Vincent
Published: December 2018

Partiendo de los datos etnográficos de un trabajo de tesis sobre las migraciones rumanas en Europa desde la década de 1990, el artículo explica las grandes etapas históricas del fenómeno e introduce la noción de “campo social de la migración”, ampliamente inspirada en los trabajos de Bourdieu. En una segunda parte de aplicación al tema de estudio, discutimos, mediante ejemplos, algunos de los caracteres específicos de este objeto conceptual. En este sentido, se considera muy útil para entender mejor las lógicas socioculturales de los procesos migratorios.
Crisi social, experiència individual, identitat cultural i acció col·lectiva
Authors: Olivé Conde Patrícia
Published: December 2018

Aquest article és un breu resum dels principals aspectes tractats en el projecte de tesi doctoral –en procés de realització– on s’analitzen tant la crisi econòmica i social que s’ha produït en els últims anys com els discursos explicatius que s’han traslladat a l’opinió pública, i també, finalment, com aquests han estat llegits per la ciutadania i com l’experiència dels individus i la lectura que en fan han transformat els seus valors i actituds.Farem una breu anàlisi bibliogràfica sobre dos dels aspectes claus tractats: en primer lloc, el concepte de Mediterrània com a oposat a Europa i carregat d’un simbolisme associat a estereotips negatius (irresponsabilitat, malbaratament, irracionalitat…), i en segon lloc, les principals transformacions socioeconòmiques anteriors i contemporànies a la crisi financera actual. Ambdós elements, entenem, permeten contextualitzar el procés viscut, alhora que situen els punts de vista dels informants consultats al voltant d’aspectes de la seva identitat i de l’anàlisi de la realitat socioeconòmica; les opinions dels informants constitueixen el nucli de l’article.