bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometry identifies changes in peripheral and intrathecal lymphocyte patterns in CNS autoimmune disorders and primary CNS malignancies
Authors: Räuber Saskia , Schulte-Mecklenbeck Andreas , Willison Alice , Hagler Ramona , Jonas Marius , Pul Duygu , Masanneck Lars , Schroeter Christina B. , Golombeck Kristin S. , Lichtenberg Stefanie , Strippel Christine , Gallus Marco , Dik Andre , Kerkhoff Ruth , Barman Sumanta , Weber Katharina J. , Kovac Stjepana , Korsen Melanie , Pawlitzki Marc , Goebels Norbert , Ruck Tobias , Gross Catharina C. , Paulus Werner , Reifenberger Guido , Hanke Michael , Grauer Oliver , Rapp Marion , Sabel Michael , Wiendl Heinz , Meuth Sven G. , Melzer Nico
Published: November 2024

Background

Immune dysregulation is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by an excessive immune response, and primary CNS tumors (pCNS-tumors) showing a highly immunosuppressive parenchymal microenvironment.

Methods

Aiming to provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of CNS autoimmunity and cerebral tumor immunity, we analyzed the peripheral blood (PB) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 81 autoimmune limbic encephalitis (ALE), 148 relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), 33 IDH-wildtype glioma, 9 primary diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the CNS (CNS-DLBCL), and 110 controls by flow cytometry (FC). Additionally, an in-depth immunophenotyping of the PB from an independent cohort of 20 RRMS and 18 IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients compared to 19 controls was performed by FC combined with unsupervised computational approaches.

Results

We identified alterations in peripheral and intrathecal adaptive immunity, mainly affecting the T cell (Tc) but also the B cell (Bc) compartment in ALE, RRMS, and pCNS-tumors compared to controls. ALE, RRMS, and pCNS-tumors featured higher expression of the T cell activation marker HLA-DR, which was even more pronounced in pCNS-tumors than in ALE or RRMS. Glioblastoma patients showed signs of T cell exhaustion that were not visible in RRMS patients. In-depth characterization of the PB revealed differences mainly in the T effector and memory compartment between RRMS and glioblastoma patients and similar alterations in the Bc compartment, including atypical Bc, CD19+CD20− double negative Bc, and plasma cells. PB and CSF mFC together with CSF routine parameters could reliably differentiate ALE and RRMS from pCNS-tumors facilitating early diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusions

ALE, RRMS, and pCNS-tumors show distinct but partially overlapping changes mainly in HLA-DR+ Tc, memory Tc, exhausted Tc, and Bc subsets providing insights into disease pathogenesis. Moreover, mFC shows diagnostic potential facilitating early diagnosis and treatment.

Graphical Abstract
Biovalorization of whey waste as economic nutriment for mycogenic production of single cell oils with promising antibiofilm and anticancer potentiality
Authors: Eltarahony Marwa , El-deeb Nehal , Abu‑Serie Marwa , El‑Shall Hadeel
Published: November 2024

The production of value-added bio-compounds from rejuvenated sources and their recruitment for healthcare services are paramount objectives in the agenda of white biotechnology. Hereupon, the current study focused on economic production of single cell oils (SCOs) from oleaginous fungi Alternaria sp. (A-OS) and Drechslera sp. (D-OS) using cheese whey waste stream, followed by their evaluation as antibiofilm and anticancer agents, for the first time. As a sole substrate for growth, the whey aided in lipid accumulation by 3.22 and 4.33 g/L, which representing 45.3 and 48.2% lipid content in Drechslera sp. (D-OS) and Alternaria sp. (A-OS), respectively. Meanwhile, a higher unsaturation degree was detected in A-OS by 62.18% comparing to 53.15% of D-OS, with advantageous presence of omega-6 poly unsaturated fatty acid by 22.67% and 15.04% for A-OS and D-OD, respectively, as revealed by GC-MS and FTIR characterization analysis. Interestingly, an eminent and significant (P ≤ 0.05) antibiofilm potency was observed in a dose-dependent modality upon employing both SCOs as antibiofilm agents. Whereas, 100 µg/mL of A-OS recorded superior inhibition of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans biofilms development by 84.10 ± 0.445, 90.37 ± 0.065 and 94.96 ± 0.21%, respectively. Whereas, D-OS (100 µg/mL) thwarted the biofilms of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans by 47.41 ± 2.83, 62.63 ± 5.82 and 78.67 ± 0.23%, correspondingly. Besides, the metabolic performance of cells within biofilm matrix, protein, carbohydrate contents and hydrophobicity of examined biofilms were also curtailed in a significant correlation with biofilm biomass (r ≥ 0.9). Further, as anticancer agents, D-OS recorded higher potency against A549 and CaCo-2 cell lines with IC50 values of 2.55 and 3.425% and SI values of 10.1 and 7.5, respectively. However, A-OS recorded 8.275% and 2.88 for IC50 and SI of Caco-2 cells, respectively. Additionally, A-OS activated caspase 3 by 64.23 ± 1.18% and 53.77 ± 0.995% more than D-OS (52.09 ± 0.222% and 49.72 ± 0.952%) in A549 and Caco-2 cells, respectively. Furthermore, the enzymes, which associated with cancer invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis (i.e., MMP2 and MMP9) were strongly inhibited by A-OS with 18.58% and 8.295%, respectively as IC50 values; while D-OS results recorded 23.61% and 13.16%, respectively, which could be ascribed to the higher ω-6/ω-3 contents of A-OS. The promising results of the current study opens up the vision to employ SCOs as anti-infective nutraceuticals and in complementary/alternative therapy and prophylactic programs as well.
Adverse food reactions and alterations in nutritional status in children with autism spectrum disorders: results of the NAFRA project
Authors: Coppola Serena , Nocerino Rita , Oglio Franca , Golia Paola , Falco Maria Candida , Riccio Maria Pia , Carucci Laura , Rea Teresa , Simeone Silvio , Garotti Raffaele , Marani Nadia , Bravaccio Carmela , Canani Roberto Berni
Published: November 2024

Background

To assess the adverse food reactions (AFR) prevalence in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and in non-ASD healthy controls (NASD). Nutritional status alterations, food selectivity and adherence to Mediterranean Diet (MD) were also evaluated.

Methods

The NAFRA (Nutritional status and Adverse Food Reactions in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder) project was an observational, case-control, comparative study conducted at a tertriary center for pediatrics involving Caucasian patients of both sexes, aged 18 months-7 years, with a diagnosis of ASD, and matched NASD controls.

Results

From October 2017 to December 2023, 100 ASD patients [79 male, mean (± SD) age 49.9 months (± 15.4)] and 100 NASD controls [75 male, mean (± SD) age 49.8 months (± 17.7)] were enrolled at the Pediatric Section of the Department of Translational Medical Science of the University of Naples Federico II. A significantly higher prevalence of AFR was observed in ASD patients if compared with NASD (16% vs. 2%, p = 0.001), mainly due to a higher prevalence of food allergy (7% vs. 1%, p = 0.03). A significantly higher prevalence of food intolerance and celiac disease was also observed in ASD children. The rate of obesity was significantly higher in ASD patients compared to NASD. Food selectivity and low MD-adherence were more frequent in ASD children (26% vs. 2%, p < 0.0001 and 28% vs. 16%, p = 0.041, respectively).

Conclusions

The high rate of AFR, obesity and unhealthy dietary habits observed in ASD children strongly suggest the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, providing early diagnosis of AFR and appropriate nutritional management to improve core and associated ASD-related conditions.

Trial registration

The NAFRA Project was registered on https://clinicaltrials.gov/ with the identifier NCT04719923. Registered 18 January 2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04719923.
Breast cancer in women with previous gestational diabetes: a nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Christensen Maria Hornstrup , Vinter Christina Anne , Olesen Thomas Bastholm , Petersen Maria Houborg , Nohr Ellen Aagaard , Rubin Katrine Hass , Andersen Marianne Skovsager , Jensen Dorte Moeller
Published: November 2024

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication characterized by insulin resistance. A link has been suggested between insulin resistance and breast cancer, which is the most common cancer in women. Hence, women with previous GDM may be at increased risk of developing breast cancer, yet, the existing evidence is conflicting. This study explored the association between GDM and incident breast cancer, including age at cancer diagnosis. Additionally, we investigated the potential impact of severity of insulin resistance during pregnancy and of subsequent diabetes development on the breast cancer risk.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide, register-based cohort study including all women giving birth in Denmark from 1997 to 2018. We defined GDM and breast cancer based on ICD-10 codes. Premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer was pragmatically defined as age at outcome < 50 years and ≥ 50 years, respectively. A proxy for severity of insulin resistance during pregnancy was based on insulin treatment; subsequent diabetes was defined as presence of ICD-10 codes and/or antidiabetic medication after pregnancy. The statistical analyses included Cox regression, logistic regression and t-test.

Results

Of 708,121 women, 3.4% had GDM. The median follow-up period was 11.9 years (range 0-21.9). The overall breast cancer risk was comparable in women with and without previous GDM (adjusted hazard ratio 0.96 [95% CI 0.83–1.12]). Premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risk also did not differ; however, women with previous GDM had a breast cancer diagnosis at younger age (42.6 vs. 43.5 years, p-value 0.01). All-cause mortality was similar regardless of GDM history. Severity of insulin resistance during pregnancy and subsequent diabetes did not affect breast cancer risk.

Conclusions

This large, population-based cohort study showed no higher risk of incident breast cancer in women with previous GDM compared to women without previous GDM after a median of almost 12 years of follow-up. This was evident irrespective of menopausal state. The breast cancer risk was not influenced by the severity of insulin resistance during pregnancy and by subsequent diabetes development. Regardless of GDM history, attention towards prevention, early detection and treatment of breast cancer should be prioritized.
Differential sensitivity and specificity of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae to adenine nucleotide phagostimulants—an all-or-none response?
Authors: Lukenge Matthew , Ignell Rickard , Hill Sharon Rose
Published: November 2024

Background

The decision to imbibe a blood meal is predominantly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of haematophagous arthropods to blood-derived adenine nucleotides, in particular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Despite previous efforts to identify and characterise the specificity and sensitivity to ATP and other adenine nucleotides, as well as the role of other blood-derived phagostimulants across the Culicidae, comparisons across species remain difficult.

Methods

The feeding response of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti and the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae to adenine nucleotides in the presence of a carbonate buffer was assessed using a membrane feeding assay. The proportion of mosquitoes engorged and the volume imbibed by all mosquitoes was scored visually and spectrophotometrically. In addition, the proportion of prediuresing An. gambiae, as well as the volume engorged and prediuresed, was examined.

Results

Aedes aegypti was more sensitive to adenine nucleotides than An. gambiae, but both species maintained specificity to these phagostimulants, demonstrating a dose-dependent bimodal feeding pattern, thereby expanding our understanding of the all-or-none blood-feeding hypothesis. Feeding on the bicarbonate buffer by An. gambiae—but not that of Ae. aegypti—demonstrated a species-specific variation in how blood phagostimulants are encoded. Adenine nucleotides, with and without bovine serum albumin, were observed to dose-dependently regulate the proportion of An. gambiae prediuresing and the volumes prediuresed but not volumes engorged.

Conclusions

Taken together, the results of this study expand our understanding of how mosquitoes differentially assess and respond to blood meal constituents, and provide a basis for further physiological and molecular studies.

Graphical Abstract
Kidnapping-Induced Trauma and secondary stress in armed conflicts: a comparative study among women in hostage families, volunteers, and the General Population
Authors: Livne Shahar , Feldblum Ilana , Kivity Sara , Shamir-Stein Naama , Brand Einat , Cohen Shir , Rotman Eran , Levine Hagai , Saban Mor
Published: November 2024

Background

Exposure to armed conflict negatively impacts health. However, there is limited data on secondary stress from ambiguous loss contexts, such as kidnapping. In this study we aimed to quantify changes in modifiable health behaviors and well-being among women in hostage families and hostage crisis volunteers versus the general female population within the first two months of the 2023 Israel-Hamas war.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted on 318 Hebrew-speaking women aged 18–75 in Israel comparing: (1) a general population sample (n = 245); (2) hostage crisis volunteers (n = 40); and (3) hostage family members (n = 33). Participants provided demographic information, details on chronic illnesses, and responded to Likert-scale questions covering self-rated health, mental health, and lifestyle habits before the conflict and in current state.

Results

Hostage family members reported the most severe health impacts, followed by volunteers. Fair/poor physical health status increased significantly in all groups during the war, with hostages’ families reporting the highest rate (61.6%). Mental health deterioration was more pronounced among hostages’ families, with 84% expressing a need for mental health support. Hostages’ families also reported the highest rates of sleep problems, reduced adherence to a healthy lifestyle, and weight loss. Mental and physical health declined significantly across the exposed groups, as measured by multiple assessments, with hostage families experienced the most pronounced impairments across various domains of well-being.

Conclusions

This period of conflict severely harmed the well-being of all women in the study population. Women from all three groups - hostage families, volunteers, and those from the general population - experienced health deterioration due to varying levels of stress and exposure to conflict-related factors. Hostage families faced the greatest impact with nearly all members of this group showing significant health damage. Long-term support is needed to help restore post-conflict health for all affected women. Further research may be needed to determine the most effective interventions for addressing these impacts across the different groups.
Critical role of ROCK1 in AD pathogenesis via controlling lysosomal biogenesis and acidification
Authors: Song Chenghuan , Huang Wanying , Zhang Pingao , Shi Jiyun , Yu Ting , Wang Jing , Hu Yongbo , Zhao Lanxue , Zhang Rui , Wang Gang , Zhang Yongfang , Chen Hongzhuan , Wang Hao
Published: November 2024

Background

Lysosomal homeostasis and functions are essential for the survival of neural cells. Impaired lysosomal biogenesis and acidification in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis leads to proteolytic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. However, the key regulatory factors and mechanisms of lysosomal homeostasis in AD remain poorly understood.

Methods

ROCK1 expression and its co-localization with LAMP1 and SQSTM1/p62 were detected in post-mortem brains of healthy controls and AD patients. Lysosome-related fluorescence probe staining, transmission electron microscopy and immunoblotting were performed to evaluate the role of ROCK1 in lysosomal biogenesis and acidification in various neural cell types. The interaction between ROCK1 and TFEB was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance and in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA). Moreover, we performed AAV-mediated ROCK1 downregulation followed by immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and behavioral tests to unveil the effects of the ROCK1–TFEB axis on lysosomes in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.

Results

ROCK1 level was significantly increased in the brains of AD individuals, and was positively correlated with lysosomal markers and Aβ. Lysosomal proteolysis was largely impaired by the high abundance of ROCK1, while ROCK1 knockdown mitigated the lysosomal dysfunction in neurons and microglia. Moreover, we verified ROCK1 as a previously unknown upstream kinase of TFEB independent of m-TOR or GSK-3β. ROCK1 elevation resulted in abundant extracellular Aβ deposition which in turn bound to Aβ receptors and activated RhoA/ROCK1, thus forming a vicious circle of AD pathogenesis. Genetically downregulating ROCK1 lowered its interference with TFEB, promoted TFEB nuclear distribution, lysosomal biogenesis and lysosome-mediated Aβ clearance, and eventually prevented pathological traits and cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice.

Conclusion

In summary, our results provide a mechanistic insight into the critical role of ROCK1 in lysosomal regulation and Aβ clearance in AD by acting as a novel upstream serine kinase of TFEB.
Drosophila Toxicogenomics: genetic variation and sexual dimorphism in susceptibility to 4-Methylimidazole
Authors: Collins Katelynne M. , Howansky Elisabeth , Macon-Foley Sarah C. , Adonay Maria E. , Shankar Vijay , Lyman Richard F. , Nazario-Yepiz Nestor Octavio , Brooks Jordyn K. , Lyman Rachel A. , Mackay Trudy F. C. , Anholt Robert R. H.
Published: November 2024

Background

4-methylimidazole is a ubiquitous and potentially carcinogenic environmental toxicant. Genetic factors that contribute to variation in susceptibility to its toxic effects are challenging to assess in human populations. We used the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP), a living library of natural genetic variation, to identify genes with human orthologs associated with variation in susceptibility to 4-methylimidazole.

Results

We screened 204 DGRP lines for survival following 24-hour exposure to 4-methylimidazole. We found extensive genetic variation for survival, with a broad sense heritability of 0.82; as well as genetic variation in sexual dimorphism, with a cross-sex genetic correlation of 0.59. Genome-wide association analyses identified a total of 241 candidate molecular polymorphisms in or near 273 unique genes associated with survival. These polymorphisms had either sex-specific or sex-antagonistic effects, and most had putative regulatory effects. We generated interaction networks using these candidate genes as inputs and computationally recruited genes with known physical or genetic interactions. The network genes were significantly over-represented for gene ontology terms involving all aspects of development (including nervous system development) and cellular and organismal functions as well as canonical signaling pathways, and most had human orthologs.

Conclusions

The genetic basis of variation in sensitivity to acute exposure to 4-methylimidazole in Drosophila is attributable to variation in genes and networks of genes known for their effects on multiple developmental and cellular processes, including possible neurotoxicity. Given evolutionary conservation of the underlying genes and pathways, these insights may be applicable to humans.
Intolerance of uncertainty and repetitive negative thinking: transdiagnostic moderators of perfectionism in eating disorders
Authors: Hyde-Smith Craig , Carey Holly , Steward Trevor
Published: November 2024

Perfectionism has been identified as a vulnerability and maintenance factor across eating disorders (EDs). Additionally, research has found that intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and repetitive negative thinking (RNT) moderate the relationship between perfectionism and psychopathology. Despite this evidence, few studies have examined if these factors specifically moderate ED severity. This study aimed to fill this gap by investigating the moderating effect of IU and RNT on the relationship between perfectionism and ED symptoms, as well as the predictive power of these factors on identifying participants with clinically significant ED symptoms. 331 treatment-seeking adults from a university-affiliated community clinic and 264 undergraduate students completed measures to assess ED symptoms, RNT, perfectionism and IU. 147 participants (24.7% of the total sample) had clinically significant levels of ED symptoms as determined by the Eating Disorder Questionnaire Short-Form (EDE-QS). Multiple linear regressions found significant associations between ED symptoms and both the IU*perfectionism interaction (p < .001) and the RNT*perfectionism interaction (p < .001). A binary logistic regression identified that both the IU*perfectionism interaction (p = .03) and the RNT*perfectionism interaction (p = .001) predicted clinically significant EDE-QS scores. The findings indicate that both IU and RNT moderate the relationship between perfectionism and ED symptoms and build on previous literature recognising transdiagnostic contributors to ED symptomatology.
Correlation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Jadhav Pranali A. , Thomas Asha B. , Chopada Vinay M. , Bokaria Prajay V. , Deokate Shivam B. , Chougule Pankaj S. , Chavan Pruthviraj N. , Chitlange Sohan S.
Published: November 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegenerative disorders represent significant health challenges worldwide, with shared pathophysiological mechanisms. Evolving data indicates a bidirectional relationship between NAFLD and neurodegenerative disorders, with common risk factors, such as metabolic syndrome, inflammation, oxidative stress, and genetic predisposition, contributing to both conditions. Mechanistic links connecting NAFLD and neurodegeneration include systemic inflammation, dysregulation of the gut-liver-brain axis, and vascular dysfunction. This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between NAFLD and neurodegenerative disorders, focusing on shared pathophysiological mechanisms, common risk factors, and emerging therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, it presents evidence of the association between NAFLD and neurodegenerative disorders from clinical studies, underscoring the importance of understanding and addressing these interconnected conditions. A broad understanding of the complex linking between NAFLD and neurodegenerative disorders is essential for the advancement of future therapeutic strategies that can effectively lessen the load of these devastating conditions. By unveiling the shared pathophysiological mechanisms, common risk factors, and interconnected pathways linking NAFLD and neurodegeneration, researchers can identify novel therapeutic targets and interventions aimed at halting disease progression and preserving patient health.
Discovery of optimal cell type classification marker genes from single cell RNA sequencing data
Authors: Liu Angela , Peng Beverly , Pankajam Ajith V. , Duong Thu Elizabeth , Pryhuber Gloria , Scheuermann Richard H. , Zhang Yun
Published: November 2024

Background

The use of single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies that quantitively describe cell transcriptional phenotypes is revolutionizing our understanding of cell biology, leading to new insights in cell type identification, disease mechanisms, and drug development. The tremendous growth in scRNA-seq data has posed new challenges in efficiently characterizing data-driven cell types and identifying quantifiable marker genes for cell type classification. The use of machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence has emerged as an effective approach to study large-scale scRNA-seq data.

Methods

NS-Forest is a random forest machine learning-based algorithm that aims to provide a scalable data-driven solution to identify minimum combinations of necessary and sufficient marker genes that capture cell type identity with maximum classification accuracy. Here, we describe the latest version, NS-Forest version 4.0 and its companion Python package (https://github.com/JCVenterInstitute/NSForest), with several enhancements to select marker gene combinations that exhibit highly selective expression patterns among closely related cell types and more efficiently perform marker gene selection for large-scale scRNA-seq data atlases with millions of cells.

Results

By modularizing the final decision tree step, NS-Forest v4.0 can be used to compare the performance of user-defined marker genes with the NS-Forest computationally-derived marker genes based on the decision tree classifiers. To quantify how well the identified markers exhibit the desired pattern of being exclusively expressed at high levels within their target cell types, we introduce the On-Target Fraction metric that ranges from 0 to 1, with a metric of 1 assigned to markers that are only expressed within their target cell types and not in cells of any other cell types. NS-Forest v4.0 outperforms previous versions in simulation studies and on its ability to identify markers with higher On-Target Fraction values for closely related cell types in real data, and outperforms other marker gene selection approaches for cell type classification with significantly higher F-beta scores when applied to datasets from three human organs—brain, kidney, and lung.

Discussion

Finally, we discuss potential use cases of the NS-Forest marker genes, including for designing spatial transcriptomics gene panels and semantic representation of cell types in biomedical ontologies, for the broad user community.
Pociągi pospieszne w Polsce w latach 1945–1989 – ewolucja i rozwój oferty
Authors: Massel Andrzej , Soczówka Andrzej
Published: November 2024

Pierwsze pociągi pospieszne na ziemiach polskich uruchamiano już w XIX w. Na najbardziej popularnych trasach krajowych i międzynarodowej kursowały również w okresie międzywojennym. Po zakończeniu II wojny światowej powróciły do rozkładów jazdy, a w kolejnych rozkładach jazdy liczba pociągów pospiesznych stopniowo wzrastała. Celem badań jest analiza kierunków rozwoju i ewolucji systemu połączeń pospiesznych w Polsce w latach 1945–1989. Główny materiał źródłowy stanowiły historyczne rozkłady jazdy pociągów, a wyniki przedstawiono w formie kartodiagramów wstęgowych. Artykuł jest syntetyczną analizą rozwoju i ewolucji tej kategorii przewozów, nie tylko w kontekście sieci i liczbie połączeń, statystycznych danych o przewozach pasażerskich, ale również próbą objaśnienia czynników infrastrukturalnych i taborowych kształtujących rozwój tej kategorii pociągów. Przegląd literatury wykazał, że publikacje o pociągach pospiesznych w Polsce przed 1989 r. są nieliczne, brakuje prac o charakterze syntetyzującym. Zrealizowane badanie częściowo uzupełnia powstałą niszę. Geograficznymi kierunkami rozwoju siatki połączeń były ówczesne miasta wojewódzkie i dojazd do stolicy kraju. Przez większą część okresu badań sieć połączeń pospiesznych rozwijała się systematycznie, chociaż dosyć powoli, dopiero w drugiej połowie lat 80. XX w. nastąpił wyraźniejszy rozwój tych połączeń i znacząco wzrosła liczba pociągów. Historycznie niektóre pociągi pospieszne okresowo zamieniano na ekspresy. W latach gospodarki planowej zarówno liczba pociągów tej kategorii, jak i długość składów nie nadążały za zapotrzebowaniem na przewozy. Podstawowym problemem były duże opóźnienia i duże przepełnienia, zwłaszcza w okresie wakacji, ferii lub dni świątecznych.
Occurrence of canine and human leishmaniosis between 2020 and 2022 in the Alto Tâmega region (Portugal): a descriptive study of seropositivity in clinically suspected dogs, a status report on the occurrence of cases in humans and perception of the disease by pet tutors
Authors: Rodrigues M , Cardoso L , Costa JÁ
Published: November 2024

Zoonotic visceral leishmaniosis is a severe neglected zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Leishmania infantum with dogs as the major reservoir hosts. Although the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) reported, in 2022, no human or animal cases in the Alto Tâmega region between 2009-2020, the truth is that there were notified cases. The present study main objective was to determine the occurrence of infection and disease among 217 clinically suspected dogs subjected to serological tests in a Reference Veterinary Clinic in the Alto Tâmega region and among human patients of the Public Health Unit of Alto Tâmega e Barroso actuation area, in northern Portugal. In addition, a questionnaire was presented to 100 of the clinic's clients during the last fortnight of October 2022. The majority of sampled dogs had no defined breed (43.7%), they were mainly males (56.7%) and under 10 years of age (29.5%). Between January 2020 and September 2022, there were 64 seropositive dogs among those subjected to anti-Leishmania antibody detection, indicating that canine leishmaniosis (CanL) had 29.5% of occurrence within the sample of the population studied. Among the seropositive dogs, 44.4% were mongrel dogs and 56.52% were males. There were no reported human cases between 2020 and 2022. The majority of the questionnaire respondents believed that leishmaniosis does not affect humans (39.0%) and that is not a public health issue (33.0%) and a considerable part of the sample does not have a position about those questions (33.0% and 42.0%, respectively). Based on the survey sample collected, most people may not associate the disease with a zoonosis and, therefore, there may be a risk of underdiagnosis and underreport, as there is no demand for treatment and medical diagnosis directed towards some suspected cases or because human cutaneous leishmaniosis is not a notifiable disease. An improvement in education of the population in areas of endemicity is needed to reach the objective of minimizing the impact of leishmaniosis, perform a proper diagnosis and treatment, and ensure a safer bond between animals and humans.
Effects of exogenous progesterone on the ovine serum progesterone profile during the non-breeding season
Authors: Barati F , Hosseini P , Azari M
Published: November 2024

Exogenous progesterone (PRG) sources are used to induce ovine estrus during the non-breeding season. Intramuscular injection (IM) of PRG is an uncommon route for this purpose. This study investigated serum progesterone (P4) levels after IM administration of 50 mg of two different PRG products. Ten ewes were selected and received two consecutive PGF2α injections at 24-h intervals. Serum samples were collected (Time 0), followed by the injection of single doses of Fertigest® or Vetagesterone®. Serum P4 levels were assayed at times (T) 0, 30 min, 3,6,12,24,48,72,96, and 120 h after injection. A large variation in the serum P4 levels at T0 was detected. The serum P4 level at T0 was 4.3 ng/mL, which is considerable for anestrus ewes, following PGF2α administration. The mean time to reach maximum serum P4 concentration was 5.8 h, with a mean concentration of 22.5 ng/mL. Serum P4 levels returned to basal values (T0) after 48 h. An increased P4 production rate (PR) was detected following PRG administration, which continued for 24 h. A single injection of PRG reduced the variety of serum P4 levels from 24 h onward. The two different PRG generated different serum P4 concentrations. This study indicates an unusual change in serum P4 levels in anestrus ewes following PGF2α administration. 48 h after 50 mg PRG injection, the plasma levels of P4 reached basal levels in anestrus ewes.
Addition of the By-Pass Fat into Diet of Awasi Sheep on Milk Composition
Authors: Senyuz HH , Gümüş AE
Published: November 2024

By-pass fat is an important source of essential fatty acids for ruminants. It affects yield rather than maintenance requirements. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of adding by-pass fat into diet of dairy sheep on milk components. The study was carried out in a private dairy sheep farm in Konya. For this purpose, 99 Awassi sheep were used after 1 month of the birth during the fresh lactation period. The sheep were randomly divided into 2 groups, the control (C) group (n=54) was fed with total mixed ration (TMR) twice a day, the by-pass fat (BF) group (n=45) was fed with TMR twice a day and 30 g/day of commercial Ca-soap palm oil by-pass fat was given individually during milking. The trial last 15 days with 11 days of adaptation and 4 days of sample collection. The animals in the experimental group consumed 30 g/day of Ca-soap by-pass fat individually during morning milking. The animals were milked for once with an automatic milking system and the lambs were suckled for once by creep. Milk yields of the animals were recorded automatically during the sample collection period, also 50 ml milk samples were taken from each animal at the milking times on the 2nd and 3rd days, and milk fat, non-fat dry matter, protein, lactose, density, freezing point, and somatic cell counts were determined. Fat, non fatty dry matter, density, protein, lactose and somatic cell were respectively; 4.50±0.14 and 5.65±0.17%, 10.86±0.07 and 11.16±0.12%, 34.66±0.45 and 34.33±0.64%, 5.42±0.06 and 5.70±0.10%, 4.49±0.01 and 4.47±0.01%, 121.556±16987 and 171.222±28348 in the C and BF groups, Among milk components, while fat, nonfat dry matter and protein were higher in BF group than C group (p<0.05), density, lactose and somatic cell were similar between groups (p>0.05). It can be concluded that the even though addition of 30 g of Ca soap by-pass fat significantly improved milk fat, non-fat dry matter and protein in dairy sheep fed with TMR at the level of maintenance and yield.
Combining single nucleotide polymorphisms and gene expression of LEP, FABP4, STAT5A and DGAT1 genes for improvement of body weight in Holstein calves
Authors: Mostafa RM , Elgamal RM , Khadra NH , Helal NG , Khedr NM , El-Sherbeny GA , Safhi FA , Sakr SA , Ateya AI
Published: November 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the possible association of single nucleotide polymorphisms and gene expression of leptin (LEP), fatty acid binding protein (FABP4), signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) genes with body weight in Holstein calves. For the RNA extraction process, blood samples from 100 Holstein bull calves were taken. According to farm records, the acquired bull calves were weaned at a body weight of roughly 90 kg, with birth weights ranging from 31 to 38 kg and weaning ages ranging from 60 to 100 days. To account for the non-genetic causes, the dairy calves' body weight was changed to their 205-day body weight. Nucleotide sequence changes in the form of SNPs were found in the LEP, FABP4, STAT5A, and DGAT1 genes in the investigated Holstein calves. The identified SNPs and corrected 205-day body weight showed a significant correlation (P < 0.05). According to ΔCT values, a significant relationship between the mRNA levels of the LEP, FABP4, STAT5A, and DGAT1 genes and body weight was also found (P < 0.05). The effectiveness of the LEP, FABP4, STAT5A, and DGAT1 genes as proxies for growth qualities in Holstein dairy calves is highlighted by this study. Therefore, it was possible to select an animal with a high rate of growth.
In ovo injection of organic zinc effects on hatching rate of broiler breeder hen eggs and productivity of broilers
Authors: Ghane-Khoshkebijari F , Seidavi A , Bouyeh M
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of in ovo injection of organic zinc on the characteristics of broiler chickens and the performance of broiler chickens A total of 320 eggs from Ross 308 strain with an average weight of 65 grams were randomly divided into four groups, negative control (no injection), positive control (in ovo injection of 0.272 ml of normal saline solution) and two experimental groups, eggs in the first received in ovo injection of 0.272 mg of organic zinc whereas in the second the eggs were injected with 0.544 mg of the same organic zinc. The injection was done in the amniotic sac on the 10th day of incubation. The effect of injection on hatching traits and then on functional traits, blood parameters, immune response, carcass characteristics and cecal microbial population of resulting broilers were measured. The results showed that the percentage of hatched broiler chickens in the zinc-treated groups was significantly lower compared to the two control groups. However, the intraocular injection of zinc caused a significant increase in the final weight gain of the birds and their feed consumption. Blood parameters were also affected in experimental treatments and blood glucose increased and blood triglyceride, cholesterol and lipoproteins decreased compared to negative and positive control (P<0.01). On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was observed in the immune response, microbial population and carcass characteristics among the experimental groups. In conclusion, the intra egg injection of organic zinc can show favorable results in the performance indicators of broiler chickens, although it had no effect on the immune response and microbial population.
The influence of the homofermentative lactic acid bacteria and enzymes on the nutritional value, health safety, and aerobic deterioration of the different maize hybrid silages
Authors: Ivetić A , Stojanović B , Puvača Nikola , Radulović S , Ćosić M , Bajagić M , Petrujkić B
Published: November 2024

The research aimed to determine the impact of identic inoculants of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with enzymes (ENZ) on the silage quality of 5 different corn hybrids (Zea mays).  Hybrids (Pioneer Hi-Bred DuPont) differed by FAO maturity group (from early H1, mid-early H2, medium H3, mid-late H4 to late H5).  Inoculant LAB consisted of a mixture of homofermentative bacteria: Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus salivarius, and ENZ:  cellulase, α- amylase, hemicellulase, xylanase. Ensiling was done at the laboratory conditions, where the green mass of corn hybrids has been inoculated with LAB and ENZ were added, before ensiling. The process of ensiling lasted 60 days. The addition of LAB inoculants with ENZ is frequently used to speed up the ensiling process, prevent the growth of harmful microorganisms, protect the aerobic stability of silage, and improve the silage quality of different crops. The phase of aerobic degradation of silage begins immediately after exposure to silage to air. This stage is inevitable during feeding with silage and takes place in all silages, regardless of quality.
The same pattern of reaction on identic LAB and EFEs addition was not found in silages ensiled from different hybrids. Among the evaluated corn hybrids, the additive to H1 early maturity hybrid had significantly improved the silage quality, and prolonged the time of aerobic stability, mainly due to the significantly highest CP, lowest ADL, and highest LA content. The chemical composition, fermentation, and microbiology profiles of silage significantly influence CO2 production in a test of aerobic stability (AS), and this is a causal relationship of aerobic stability duration. The results of this trial showed that the lower butyric acid, total microorganisms number, count of yeasts and mold, pH, and higher LAB, lactic acid, and acetic acid levels (P<0.05), are accompanied by the production of lower CO2 (P<0.05). The current research and previous studies suggest that nutritional value, health safety, and aerobic deterioration of the different maize hybrid silages are under the influence of epiphytic microflora of ensiled plants, used LAB inoculum, and EFEs addition in the appropriate amount, and the type of hybrid ensiled as well.
Typology of Mixed Sheep and Goat Production System in the Regional Unit of Larissa, Greece
Authors: Kaimakamis I , Dotas V , Gourdouvelis D , Chatzizisis L , Koidou M
Published: November 2024

The study was carried out using a structured questionnaire in 162 sheep and goat farms of mixed production system in the Regional Unit of Larissa during February 2020 - February 2021. The Hierarchical Cluster Analysis application has shown three basic production systems. Cluster 1 consists of medium size holdings (233.02 livestock units), which earn additional income from other activities. Cluster 2 consists of rather large size farms (1,825.66 livestock units) with a net profit per female 2.61 euros. This type of farms breed livestock based on the semi-intensive and intensive production system, have large rented areas for the cultivation of feed, while the contribution of subsidies is especially high to the shaping of their gross income. The largest percentage (59.88%) of the holdings falls under the third cluster. These are specialized types of livestock farming, which present the largest net profit per livestock animal. 4% of this type of holdings breeds animals based on the semi-nomadic system while 100% uses common pastures as feed source.
Plant extracts and essential oils in rabbit diet: A practical green-way for sustainable and resilient production systems
Authors: Pugliese G , Losacco C , Laudadio V , Schiavitto M , Tufarelli V
Published: November 2024

Rabbits, integral to global agriculture, play a significant role in meat production in many developed and developing countries. As the demand for sustainable and natural farming practices rises, the utilization of plant extracts and essential oils in rabbit nutrition has garnered attention. Both plant extracts and essential oils offer multifaceted benefits in rabbit nutrition, positively impacting growth, digestion, and immune health. This comprehensive review consolidates the current understanding of the effects of plant extracts and essential oils on rabbit health and digestion, drawing from recent scientific literature. Emphasis is also placed on growth performance, nutrient utilization, immune response, and overall well-being. The outcomes underscore the practical significance of natural feed additives, paving the way for sustainable and resilient rabbit production systems.
Efficiency and somatic cell count: Unraveling Holstein cow productivity through stochastic frontier modeling
Authors: Tosun Hİ
Published: November 2024

The yield and quality decrease due to high somatic cell counts caused by mastitis, and this also negatively affects the profitability, efficiency, and sustainability of dairy farms. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of somatic cell counts on yield, milk chemicals, and the technical efficiency of Holstein dairy cows. A total of 165 lactating cows were involved in the research, and all cows were fed the diets as a total mixed ration three times a day. Milk samples were collected each day during milking and analyzed for chemical composition and somatic cell counts (SCC). The daily milk production of each cow was obtained from the SCR herd management program, which is integrated with the parlor. In conclusion, it was determined that for each group, the efficiency scores, SCC, and milk yield of cows varied between 0.80 and 0.99, 322.000 and 557.857 cells/mL, and 33.13 and 48.90 Kg/d, respectively; they also differed significantly in each group. Considering the findings, milk production can be increased by 7% without changing any input. Additionally, every 1% decrease in SCC will increase the efficiency of milk production by 0.55%. Cows with low technical efficiency (TE) scores produced 2.87 kg/d/cow less milk compared to animals with high TE. Reducing the SCC of the group with a low TE (456.878 cells/mL) to a SCC of high TE (438.869 cells/mL) will increase milk yield by 2.87 kg/d/cow on average. In conclusion, minimizing losses due to mastitis is paramount for enhancing dairy farm efficiency. This research underscores the interplay between TE and udder health, providing a comprehensive understanding of individual cow performance. Addressing inefficiencies and promoting udder health can significantly contribute to sustainable and economically viable dairy farming practices.
Keywords: Dairy farm; Mastitis; Somatic cell count; Stochastic frontier analysis; Technical efficiency
Studying enterococci isolated from artisanal feta produced with mountain and low land milk
Authors: Psomas E , Sakaridis I , Boukouvala E , Papatsaroucha E , Apostolidi ED , Skarlatoudi T , Ekateriniadou LV , Samouris Georgios
Published: November 2024

Enterococci are commonly part of natural milk cultures that are used to produce cheese and have a strong influence on ripening, and aroma development in feta cheese. Despite their unique benefits in cheese production, Enterococci have also been identified as opportunistic pathogens that can cause various human diseases and their use remains controversial due to the possibility of antimicrobial resistance transfer to human strains. The objective of the present study was to detect, identify, and analyze characteristics of Enterococcus spp. from different samples of the artisanal feta cheese produced with mountain or low land milk and finally to evaluate its potential use for enhancing the sensory characteristics of fermented milks and cheeses without compromising the safety of the products. Twenty-five strains of enterococci from mountain areas and twenty-five from low land areas were selected from the cheesemaking trials. Based on the desired technological characteristics, twelve strains were selected for analytical identification, study of antibiotic resistance and further study by molecular techniques. Eleven of those were found to be sensitive to vancomycin (lower to 10μg/ml), one was resistant up to 20μg/ml and therefore are even more promising, in terms of their safety, for their potential use as adjunct cultures and worth further analysis.
Evaluation of the use of L-carnosine in short-term storage of ram semen with spermatological and flow-cytometric analyzes
Authors: Güngör İH , Gür S , Koca RH , Çakır Cihangiroğlu A , Güler Ekmen E , Acısu TC , Badıllı N , Özer Kaya Ş , Yüce A , Sönmez M , Türk G
Published: November 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of adding different doses of L-carnosine to semen in vitro on the short-term storage of semen. Semen taken from 6 Akkaraman rams was used in the research. Semen taken from each animal was pooled. It was diluted with tris+egg yolk extender containing L-carnosine at different doses (1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 mM) and stored at +4°C for 96 hours. It was determined that 1, 5, 10, 20 mM L-carnosine doses increased total, progressive and rapid motility, kinematic parameters VCL, VSL, VAP values and high mitochondrial membrane potential level during short-term storage. It was also determined that these doses protected membrane integrity, reduced the rate of abnormal spermatozoon, acrosomal damage and low mitochondrial membrane potential level. It was determined that a dose of 200 mM L-carnosine had a toxic effect and negatively affected the parameters.
            As a result, when ram semen is desired to be stored for a short time (for 96 hours), it may be recommended to add 1, 5, 10 and 20 mM L-carnosine amino acid to the semen extenders in order to preserve spermatological parameters.