bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of electrical characteristics and stability of self-patterned In–Zn–O thin-film transistors based on photosensitive precursors
Authors: Kim Hee Jun , Jung Joohye , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: November 2020

We report a novel self-patterning method for solution-processed indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin films based on photosensitive precursors. This approach is an alternative and evolutionary approach to the traditional photoresist patterning techniques. Chelate bonds between metal ions and β-diketone compounds in ultraviolet light-exposed IZO solutions provided intrinsic photosensitivity, which resulted in a solubility difference between exposed and non-exposed regions. This difference enabled self-patterning of the IZO for thin-film transistor (TFT) fabrication. Compared with previously reported self-patterning methods based on photosensitive activators, our self-patterned IZO TFTs based on photosensitive precursors displayed excellent electrical characteristics and stability. The field-effect mobility increased from 0.27 to 0.99 cm2/Vs, the subthreshold swing decreased from 0.54 to 0.46 V/dec, and the threshold voltage shift under a positive bias stress test (1,000 s) improved from 9.32 to 1.68 V. The photosensitive precursor played a key role in these improvements permitting fewer organic species which act as defect sites after metal oxide formation. Consequently, our approach compares favorably with that of conventional fabrication process using photoresist in terms of its simplicity, cost efficiency, and electrical performance.
Author Correction: Genomic epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil
Authors: Verza Mirela , Scheffer Mara Cristina , Salvato Richard Steiner , Schorner Marcos André , Barazzetti Fernando Hartmann , de Melo Machado Hanalydia , Medeiros Taiane Freitas , Rovaris Darcita Buerger , Portugal Isabel , Viveiros Miguel , Perdigão João , Kritski Afrânio , Bazzo Maria Luiza
Published: November 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Converting histidine-induced 3D protein arrays in crystals into their 3D analogues in solution by metal coordination cross-linking
Authors: Tan Xiaoyi , Chen Hai , Gu Chunkai , Zang Jiachen , Zhang Tuo , Wang Hongfei , Zhao Guanghua
Published: November 2020

Histidine (His) residues represent versatile motifs for designing protein-protein interactions because the protonation state of the imidazole group of His is the only moiety in protein to be significantly pH dependent under physiological conditions. Here we show that, by the designed His motifs nearby the C4 axes, ferritin nanocages arrange in crystals with a simple cubic stacking pattern. The X-ray crystal structures obtained at pH 4.0, 7.0, and 9.0 in conjunction with thermostability analyses reveal the strength of the π–π interactions between two adjacent protein nanocages can be fine-tuned by pH. By using the crystal structural information as a guide, we constructed 3D protein frameworks in solution by a combination of the relatively weak His–His interaction and Ni2+-participated metal coordination with Glu residues from two adjacent protein nanocages. These findings open up a new way of organizing protein building blocks into 3D protein crystalline frameworks.
Correlating nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry and atom probe tomography analysis of uranium enrichment in metallic nuclear fuel
Authors: Kautz Elizabeth , Cliff John , Lach Timothy , Reilly Dallas , Devaraj Arun
Published: November 2020

235U enrichment in a metallic nuclear fuel was measuredviaNanoSIMS and APT, allowing for a direct comparison of enrichment across length scales and resolutions.
Evidence for the coexistence of spin-glass and ferrimagnetic phases in BaFe12O19 due to basal plane freezing
Authors: Kumar Keshav , Mishra Shrawan Kumar , Baev Ivan , Martins Michael , Pandey Dhananjai
Published: November 2020

Spin-glass freezing in BaFe12O19 without any substitutional disorder.
Halogen bonding to the azulene π-system: cocrystal design of pleochroism
Authors: Vainauskas Jogirdas , Topić Filip , Bushuyev Oleksandr S. , Barrett Christoper J. , Friščić Tomislav
Published: November 2020

A robust architecture of C–I⋯π halogen bonds enabled cocrystallisation of azulene as a functional component in the design of pleochroic behavior.
Probing the peripheral role of amines in photo- and electrocatalytic H2 production by molecular cobalt complexes
Authors: Dolui Dependu , Mir Ab Qayoom , Dutta Arnab
Published: November 2020

The photo- and electrocatalytic H2 production by the cobaloxime core improves in the presence of a primary amine group in the periphery.
Experimental and computational evidence for a stabilising C–Cl(lone-pair)⋯π(chelate-ring) interaction
Authors: Tan Sang Loon , Lee See Mun , Lo Kong Mun , Otero-de-la-Roza A. , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: November 2020

Stabilising C–Cl(lone-pair)⋯π(chelate ring) interactions are described.
On the connection between probability density analysis, QTAIM, and VB theory
Authors: Reuter Leonard , Lüchow Arne
Published: November 2020

The Lewis structures arise naturally as attractors of the all-electron probability density |Ψ|2.
Dynamic solvent effects in radical–radical coupling reactions: an almost bottleable localised singlet diradical
Authors: Akisaka Rikuo , Ohga Yasushi , Abe Manabu
Published: November 2020

The lifetime of a localised singlet diradical with bulky substituents was extended using the dynamic solvent effect and reached an almost bottleable timescale of ∼2 s under extremely viscous conditions induced by high pressure.
Semiconductor nanocrystals for small molecule activationviaartificial photosynthesis
Authors: Li Xu-Bing , Xin Zhi-Kun , Xia Shu-Guang , Gao Xiao-Ya , Tung Chen-Ho , Wu Li-Zhu
Published: November 2020

The protocol of artificial photosynthesis using semiconductor nanocrystals shines light on green, facile and low-cost small molecule activation to produce solar fuels and value-added chemicals.
The preparation and applications of amides using electrosynthesis
Authors: Seavill Peter W. , Wilden Jonathan D.
Published: November 2020

Given the renaissance in organic electrochemistry, a number of novel approaches to the synthesis of amides have been described that exploit this technique. This tutorial review will explore and critically assess these approaches and their associated applications.
Electrochemical oxidation as alternative for dissolution of metal oxides in deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Pateli Ioanna M. , Abbott Andrew P. , Jenkin Gawen R. T. , Hartley Jennifer M.
Published: November 2020

Anodic dissolution increases metal ion content in DES, with oxide being oxidised to form semi-stable superoxide species.
Versatile nature of anthanthrone based polymers as active multifunctional semiconductors for various organic electronic devices
Authors: Liu Qian , Wang Yang , Arunagiri Lingeswaran , Khatib Muhammad , Manzhos Sergei , Feron Krishna , Bottle Steven E. , Haick Hossam , Yan He , Michinobu Tsuyoshi , Sonar Prashant
Published: November 2020

The multi-purpose applications of low-cost anthanthrone dye based polymers in three different organic electronic devices are exploited.
A molecular electron density theory (MEDT) study of the role of halogens (X2= F2, Cl2, Br2and I2) on the aza-Michael-addition reactions
Authors: Domingo Luis R. , Seif Ahmad , Mazarei Elham , Zahedi Ehasn , Ahmadi Temer S.
Published: November 2020

The energy profile for gas phase F2-catalyzed nucleophilic attack of PYRR1on the β-conjugated carbon of MAR2marked.
A highly sensitive ratiometric fluorescent probe for imaging endogenous hydrogen sulfide in cells
Authors: An Baoshuai , Zhang Hongyi , Peng Junli , Zhu Wei , Wei Ningning , Zhang Yanru
Published: November 2020

A novel fluorescent probe (QL-N3) has high potential to detect the concentration of endogenous hydrogen sulfide in cells.
The complete catalytic mechanism of xanthine oxidase: a computational study
Authors: Ribeiro Pedro M. G. , Fernandes Henrique S. , Maia Luísa B. , Sousa Sérgio F. , Moura José J. G. , Cerqueira Nuno M. F. S. A.
Published: November 2020

In this article, quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methods were used to study the full catalytic mechanism of xanthine oxidase (XO).
Development of starch based intelligent films by incorporating anthocyanins of butterfly pea flower and TiO2 and their applicability as freshness sensors for prawns during storage
Authors: Mary Siji K. , Koshy Rekha Rose , Daniel Jomol , Koshy Jijo Thomas , Pothen Laly A. , Thomas Sabu
Published: November 2020

Anthocyanin extracted from butterfly pea flower incorporated starch/TiO2 films are excellent pH indicator for monitoring the freshness of food sample.
New details of assembling bioactive films from dispersions of amphiphilic molecules on titania surfaces
Authors: Gonçalves Dias Leonardo Francisco , Stamboroski Stephani , Noeske Michael , Salz Dirk , Rischka Klaus , Pereira Renata , Mainardi Maria do Carmo , Cardoso Marina Honorato , Wiesing Martin , Bronze-Uhle Erika Soares , Esteves Lins Rodrigo Barros , Lisboa-Filho Paulo Noronha
Published: November 2020

Structure–property relationship of amphiphilic molecules on smooth substrates was explored through a multi-step approach and its influence on biological activity.
Zinc(ii)-cyclen coordinative amphiphiles for enhanced gene delivery
Authors: Zhang Yi-Mei , Zhang Ji , Liu Yan-Hong , Guo Yu , Yu Xiao-Qi , Huang Zheng
Published: November 2020

Zn-coordination could dramatically enhance the gene transfection efficiency and reduce the cytotoxicity of conventional cyclen-based cationic liposomes.
Probing adsorbent heterogeneity using Toth isotherms
Authors: Kumar K. Vasanth , Gadipelli Srinivas , Howard Christopher A. , Kwapinski Witold , Brett Dan J. L.
Published: November 2020

Most of the adsorbents are heterogeneous and can be characterised using a binding affinity distribution function.
Construction of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous bimetal phosphides as bifunctional electrocatalysts for highly efficient water splitting
Authors: Wang Jianying , Niu Yanli , Teng Xue , Gong Shuaiqi , Huang Jiahui , Xu Mingze , Chen Zuofeng
Published: November 2020

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) bimetal phosphides are constructed as bifunctional electrocatalysts for highly efficient water splitting.
Modular design of solar-thermal nanofluidics for advanced desalination membranes
Authors: Dong Zhiyue , Zhang Chongrui , Peng Huawen , Gong Jiang , Zhao Qiang
Published: November 2020

The modular design of nanofluidic membranes was established by knitting CNTs with MOFs through a self-crosslinkable polyelectrolyte, leading to advanced solar-thermal desalination performance in various pH, solvents and fouling conditions.
A proton conductor showing an indication of single-ion magnet behavior based on a mononuclear Dy(iii) complex
Authors: Zhu Shui-Dong , Dong Lu , Hu Jun-Jie , Wen He-Rui , Lu Ying-Bing , Deng Wei-Hua , Liu Cai-Ming , Liu Sui-Jun , Xu Gang , Fu Zhi-Hua
Published: November 2020

Crystalline molecular materials exhibiting both proton conduction and single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior would offer great opportunities for applications in fuel cell, molecular spintronic, and high-density data storage technologies.
Meta-analysis based gene expression profiling reveals functional genes in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhao Lin , Li Yuhui , Zhang Zhen , Zou Jing , Li Jianfu , Wei Ran , Guo Qiang , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Chu Chu , Fu Xiaoxiao , Yue Jinbo , Li Xia
Published: November 2020

Background: Ovarian cancer causes high mortality rate worldwide, and despite numerous attempts, the outcome for patients with ovarian cancer are still not well improved. Microarray-based gene expressional analysis provides with valuable information for discriminating functional genes in ovarian cancer development and progression. However, due to the differences in experimental design, the results varied significantly across individual datasets.

Methods: In the present study, the data of gene expression in ovarian cancer were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and 16 studies were included. A meta-analysis based gene expression analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The most differentially expressed genes in our meta-analysis were selected for gene expression and gene function validation.

Results: A total of 972 DEGs with P-value < 0.001 were identified in ovarian cancer, including 541 up-regulated genes and 431 down-regulated genes, among which 92 additional DEGs were found as gained DEGs. Top five up- and down-regulated genes were selected for the validation of gene expression profiling. Among these genes, up-regulated CD24 molecule (CD24), SRY (sex determining region Y)-box transcription factor 17 (SOX17), WFDC2, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM), innate immunity activator (INAVA), and down-regulated aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1) were revealed to be with consistent expressional patterns in clinical patient samples of ovarian cancer. Gene functional analysis demonstrated that up-regulated WFDC2 and INAVA promoted ovarian cancer cell migration, WFDC2 enhanced cell proliferation, while down-regulated AOX1 was functional in inducing cell apoptosis of ovarian cancer.

Conclusion: Our study shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of ovarian cancer, and facilitated the understanding of novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets in ovarian cancer.
Suivi des déformations du massif rocheux sous la fondation de la pile VII du Pont du Gard
Authors: Serratrice Jean François
Published: November 2020

Le Pont du Gard est un pont-aqueduc romain construit vers 50 après JC pour assurer le franchissement des gorges du Gardon par un aqueduc d’alimentation de la ville de Nîmes (France). Le pont-aqueduc et le pont routier attenant sont édifiés sur un entablement calcaire urgonien, karstifié et fracturé. Les ouvrages enjambent le lit mineur du Gardon par une voûte qui relie les piles VII et VIII. D’un point de vue géologique, ce chenal profond constitue une incision fracturée majeure dans ce paysage rocheux. Depuis près d’un siècle, les craintes d’une déstabilisation des flancs subverticaux de ce chenal ont motivé la mise en place de protections et de dispositifs de renforcement du massif rocheux. Un appareillage constitué par deux boulons instrumentés au moyen de capteurs extensométriques et une sonde de température a été mis en place dans l’appui rocheux de la pile VII et a fait l’objet d’un suivi pendant plusieurs années. Cette auscultation révèle des déformations de la roche qui évoluent avec le régime saisonnier des températures atmosphériques. Parmi les fluctuations journalières, des petits évènements semblent pouvoir être attribués à la variation de la température de l’eau pendant certaines crues du Gardon. Un calcul approximatif de ces variations saisonnières et momentanées a été effectué au moyen d’une formulation analytique. Un premier paragraphe présente une revue bibliographique des effets thermiques dans les massifs rocheux sous l’influence des conditions climatiques. Le paragraphe suivant est consacré à la présentation du site, de ses conditions environnementales et des travaux de renforcement. Les principales caractéristiques du dispositif d’auscultation sont présentées ensuite, puis les données recueillies. Une simulation des effets de la température est proposée enfin. Les résultats permettent d’expliquer effectivement l’ordre de grandeur des déformations observées dans la roche.
Solidaires pour la vie
Authors: Lesage Alain , Rassy Jessica , Burrows Catherine , Renaud Johanne , Lambin Michèle , Gagné Mathieu , Geoffroy Marie-Claude , Séguin Monique , Tremblay Martin , Ligier Fabienne , Daniels Sylvanne , Turecki Gustavo
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Les données probantes démontrent que seule la littératie en santé mentale est efficace pour réduire les tentatives de suicide. Au Québec, le programme de littératie « Solidaires pour la Vie » (SPLV) a été déployé comme stratégie de prévention du suicide depuis 2000. Ce programme a rejoint 50-70% des adolescents, soit plus de 1 150 000 jeunes issus d’une province de 8 millions d’habitants. Les taux de suicide des adolescents ont diminué de 65% durant cette période. Méthode. Des évaluations de programmes ont été menées et démontrent la qualité de ce programme de littératie en santé. Les statistiques des taux de suicide ont été obtenues des Agences de santé publique du Québec et du Canada. Résultats et discussion. Les évaluations de programme réalisées démontrent que le programme augmente les connaissances sur la dépression et modifie les attitudes envers la recherche d’aide. Au Québec, une augmentation des taux des suicides a été répertoriée dans les années 90, suivie d’une diminution générale entre 2001 et 2010, plus prononcée qu’ailleurs au Canada. Conclusion. Il s’agit de la première implantation populationnelle d’un programme de littératie en santé mentale en milieu scolaire démontrée efficace. Cette implantation est associée à une réduction importante des taux de suicide de façon sécuritaire. Ce programme vise la majorité de la population adolescente : inoculant une génération tout entière comme prérequis essentiel à ce programme universel populationnel de prévention du suicide.
Séries de suicide impliquant des adolescents et des jeunes : culture et transmission intergénérationnelle
Authors: Tousignant Michel , Garneau Geneviève , Carbonell Eliseu , Grandazzi Guillaume , Morin Nathalie
Published: November 2020

Cette analyse porte sur deux séries de suicides d’adolescents et de jeunes adultes, l’une dans un village des Premières Nations et l’autre dans un milieu traditionnel québécois. La méthodologie repose en premier lieu sur une validation des cas à partir des rapports de coroners, et elle inclut des entrevues avec des parents, des proches, des professionnels et des leaders de la communauté qui portent sur les circonstances des décès, les liens entre les suicides et les facteurs macro-sociaux. Les observations révèlent des rapports étroits entre les suicides dans les deux villages avec une planification commune pour certains des suicides. Il peut aussi exister un temps de latence de plusieurs mois entre un suicide et un précédent auquel il est associé sans que le premier soit considéré comme un élément provocateur. Dans les deux communautés, les témoignages attribuent les suicides à la présence de ruptures dans les communications intergénérationnelles, et particulièrement par la marchandisation des rapports et par la présence d’abus sexuels chez les filles des Premières Nations. Ces problèmes peuvent entraîner de la codépendance entre jeunes, et l’accélération du passage à l’acte. Dans les deux localités, on note également un blocage dans la transition à la vie adulte à cause des perspectives d’emploi réduites.
Real-time transabdominal ultrasound-guided ERCP is feasible and effective in pregnancy: a case series
Authors: Li Suqing , Dargavel Callum , Muradali Derek , May Gary R. , Mosko Jeffrey D.
Published: November 2020

Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is commonly required in pregnancy for choledocholithiasis, however, radiation exposure is a major concern for patients. Real-time transabdominal (TA) ultrasound (US)-guided ERCP is a radiation-free technique that facilitates confirmation of biliary cannulation, equipment exchange and stone clearance. We present the largest Western case series of this modality in pregnancy and a review of the literature.

Four pregnant adult patients were referred to our tertiary center with suspected or documented choledocholithiasis and underwent real-time TA US-guided ERCP. US was successfully used to confirm positioning of the guidewire and ductal clearance. Procedures were successful in all patients with resolution of clinical symptoms and no immediate procedural complications. Two patients suffered adverse events later in their pregnancy.

Real-time TA US-guided ERCP is a technically feasible and effective modality that can be offered to obtain biliary access in a radiation-free fashion for specific subsets of pregnant patients with choledocholithiasis. Future studies are needed to confirm the safety of this technique.
Nervenkompressionssyndrome der oberen Extremität
Authors: Aman Martin , Böcker Arne , Kneser Ulrich , Harhaus Leila
Published: November 2020

Nervenkompressionssyndrome werden oft als Differenzialdiagnose von therapierefraktären orthopädischen Krankheitsbildern nicht bedacht und weisen so häufig lange Leidensverläufe auf. Neben der klinischen Diagnostik durch eine gezielte Anamnese und körperliche Untersuchung sind die zusätzliche spezifische Bildgebung sowie elektrophysiologische Untersuchung oftmals zielführend. Therapieansätze sind vielfältig und reichen von Physiotherapie und lokalen Infiltrationen bis hin zur chirurgischen Nervendekompression. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Nervenkompressionssyndrome der oberen Extremität anhand ihrer anatomischen Prädilektionsstellen aufzuzeigen, die entsprechende Diagnostik darzustellen und Therapiemöglichkeiten vorzustellen.
Handgelenkarthroskopie
Authors: Gaulke Ralph
Published: November 2020

Die Handgelenkarthroskopie hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten erhebliche Fortschritte in Bezug auf die technische Ausstattung und die therapeutischen Optionen bei zahlreichen karpalen Pathologien gemacht. So wurde die rein diagnostische Arthroskopie als häufigster Eingriff von den verschiedenen therapeutischen Arthroskopien weit in den Hintergrund gedrängt. Synovialektomien, die Entfernung von freien Gelenkkörpern und Handgelenkganglien sowie arthroskopisch assistierte Osteosynthesen und Arthrodesen können heute für den Patienten schonend und erfolgreich arthroskopisch durchgeführt werden.
Risk of ambulatory colonoscopy in patients with cirrhosis: a propensity-score matched cohort study
Authors: Huang Robert J. , Banerjee Subhas , Friedland Shai , Ladabaum Uri
Published: November 2020

Background and study aims Patients with cirrhosis demonstrate alterations in physiology, hemodynamics, and immunity which may increase procedural risk. There exist sparse data regarding the safety of performing ambulatory colonoscopy in patients with cirrhosis.

Patients and methods From a population-based sample of three North American states (California, Florida, and New York), we collected data on 3,590 patients with cirrhosis who underwent ambulatory colonoscopy from 2009 to 2014. We created a control cohort propensity score-matched for cirrhotic severity who did not undergo colonoscopy (N = 3,590) in order to calculate the attributable risk for adverse events. The primary endpoint was the rate of unplanned hospital encounters (UHEs) within 14 days of colonoscopy (or from a synthetic index date for the control cohort). Predictors for UHE were assessed in multivariable regression.

Results The attributable risk for any UHE following colonoscopy was 3.1 % (confidence interval [CI] 2.1–4.1 %, P < 0.001). There was increased risk for infection (0.9 %, CI 0.7–1.1 %), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (0.1 %, CI 0.0–0.3 %), decompensation of ascites (0.3 %, CI 0.2–0.4 %), and cardiovascular event (0.4 %, CI 0.3–0.5 %). There was no increased attributable risk for gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, or development of the hepatorenal syndrome. The presence of ascites at time of procedure was the only predictor for UHE in the fully-adjusted model (OR 2.6, CI 1.9–3.5, P < 0.001).

Conclusions There is a moderate though detectable increase in risk for adverse event following ambulatory colonoscopy in patients with cirrhosis. The presence of ascites in particular portends higher risk. These data may guide clinicians when counseling patients with cirrhosis on the choice of colorectal cancer screening modality.
COVID-19 bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Felsenstein Susanna , Hedrich Christian M.
Published: November 2020

Das neuartige Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ist der Auslöser von COVID-19, einer Erkrankung, die Millionen von Menschenleben weltweit bedroht. Ca. 10–20 % aller Erwachsenen mit COVID-19 entwickeln schwere oder lebensbedrohliche Verläufe, die von Akutem Atemnotsyndrom (ARDS), Koagulopathie und/oder Zytokinsturm gekennzeichnet sind. Kinder und Jugendliche haben ein geringeres Risiko, symptomatisch zu erkranken und/oder schwere Verläufe zu entwickeln, was vermuten lässt, dass es altersabhängige Wirtsmechanismen gibt, die schweren Verläufen entgegenwirken könnten. Obwohl kürzlich hochinflammatorische, teils lebensbedrohliche Erkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen beschrieben wurden und viel Beachtung fanden, bleiben sie insgesamt bisher relativ selten. Ob Kinder signifikant zur Transmission auf Populationsebene beitragen, ist unklar, muss aber zumindest weiter angenommen werden. Mehrere Hypothesen versuchen Unterschiede im Hinblick auf klinischen Verlauf und Erkrankungsrisiko zwischen den Altersgruppen und einzelnen Individuen zu erklären. Dieser Artikel fasst den aktuellen Wissensstand zur Immunpathogenese von COVID-19 mit Fokus auf das Kindes- und Jugendalter zusammen.
Double-Tract-Rekonstruktion nach Resektion des gastroösophagealen Übergangs wegen AEG-II- und -III-Tumoren
Authors: Hölscher Arnulf , Berlth Felix , Hemmerich Martin , Minot Stephen , Schmidt Henner
Published: November 2020

Bei selektionierten AEG-Typ-II- und -III-Tumoren (AEG = Adenokarzinome des ösophagogastralen Übergangs) der T-Kategorien 1 und 2 kann der distawle Magen nach proximaler Resektion ohne Beeinträchtigung der Radikalität und der Prognose erhalten werden. Als Rekonstruktion wird die Doppeltraktanlage mit Seit-zu-Seit-Anastomosierung des distalen Magens in die Roux-Y-Jejunumschlinge nach Ösophagojejunostomie dargestellt. Nach der Literatur hat dieses Verfahren eine niedrige Rate von postoperativer Refluxösophagitis, erfordert gegenüber der totalen Gastrektomie signifikant geringere Dosen an Vitamin-B12-Substitution und die Hämoglobinwerte sind signifikant höher.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Acyl Fluorides
Authors: Gonay Marie , Batisse Chloé , Paquin Jean-François
Published: November 2020

Acyl fluorides are valuable intermediates in organic synthesis. They are increasingly employed in peptide synthesis, in challenging esterification and amidation reactions or in transition-metal-catalyzed transformations. This review summarizes recent advances in their preparation.

1 Introduction

2 Nucleophilic Fluorination

2.1 α-Fluoroamine Reagents

2.2 Sulfur-Based Reagents

2.3 Metal Catalysts

2.4 Phosphorus-Based Reagents

2.5 N,N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/HF·Pyridine

2.6 Uranium Hexafluoride

2.7 Bromine Trifluoride

3 Radical Fluorination

4 Conclusion
Zero-viscosity–capillarity limit toward rarefaction wave with vacuum for the Navier–Stokes–Korteweg equations of compressible fluids
Authors: Li Yeping , Zhu Peicheng
Published: November 2020

We shall consider the one-dimensional Navier–Stokes–Korteweg (NSK) equations that are used to model compressible fluids with internal capillarity. Formally, the NSK equations converge, as the viscosity and capillarity vanish, to the corresponding Euler equations, and we do justify this for the case that the Euler equations have a rarefaction wave with one-side vacuum state. To prove this result, we first construct a sequence of approximate solutions to the NSK equations and then show that the sequence converges, as both viscosity and capillarity tend simultaneously to zero, to this rarefaction wave. The uniform convergence rates are also obtained. The key ingredients of our proof are the re-scaling technique and energy estimates.
Some new and modified fractional analysis of the time-fractional Drinfeld–Sokolov–Wilson system
Authors: Srivastava H. M. , Saad Khaled M.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we present a presumably new approach in order to solve the time-fractional Drinfeld–Sokolov–Wilson system, which is based upon the Liouville–Caputo fractional integral (LCFI), the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional integral, and the Atangana–Baleanu fractional integral in the sense of the LCFI by using the Adomian decomposition method. We compare the approximate solutions with the exact solution (if available), and we find an excellent agreement between them. In the case of a non-integer order, we evaluate the residual error function, thereby showing that the order of the error is very small. In all of our calculations, we apply the software package, Mathematica (Version 9).
Structures of (supersymmetric) classical W-algebras
Authors: Suh Uhi Rinn
Published: November 2020

In the first part of this paper, we discuss the classical W-algebra W(g,F) associated with a Lie superalgebra g and the nilpotent element F in an sl2-triple. We find a generating set of W(g,F) and compute the Poisson brackets between them. In the second part, which is the main part of this paper, we discuss supersymmetric classical W-algebras. We introduce two different constructions of a supersymmetric classical W-algebra W(g,f) associated with a Lie superalgebra g and an odd nilpotent element f in a subalgebra isomorphic to osp(1|2). The first construction is via the supersymmetric (SUSY) classical Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) complex, and the second is via the SUSY Drinfeld–Sokolov Hamiltonian reduction. We show that these two methods give rise to isomorphic SUSY Poisson vertex algebras. As a supersymmetric analog of the first part, we compute explicit generators and Poisson brackets between the generators.
A review of dynamic multiaxial experimental techniques
Authors: Nie Hailiang , Ma Weifeng , Wang Ke , Ren Junjie , Cao Jun , Dang Wei
Published: November 2020

Structures and materials are usually exposed to exploding and attacking loading, experiencing large multiaxial plastic deformation under high strain rate; thus, experimental techniques under dynamic multiaxial loading are significant and practical. In this paper, the history and progress of dynamic multiaxial loading experiment techniques are reviewed, the key technical problems in the dynamic multiaxial testing are analyzed, and a feasible solution is proposed.
Development of a new dynamic foveated imager on wide-angle infra-red thermography system to improve local spatial resolution in EAST
Authors: Zhang J. Y. , Zhang B. , Gong X. , Chang J. , Jia M. N. , Liu C. , Liang R. R. , Chen W. L. , Wu C. H. , Feng S.
Published: November 2020

A new dynamic foveated imager has been developed and commissioned on the wide-angle infra-red thermography system in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. This technique improves the local spatial resolution by a factor of 2 while maintaining the wide-angle view to ensure safety operation. Taking advantage of the new foveated imager, heat flux splitting under the application of resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) coils has been clearly observed. The results indicate that the toroidal asymmetric power load pattern is closely related to the perturbation field induced by the RMP coils.
Exploring benefits of composition grading for forward-IV characteristics of In1−xGaxAs LEDs for cryogenic applications
Authors: Wisch J. , Chu R.
Published: November 2020

The rise of cryogenic technologies such as quantum computing [P. Platzman and M. Dykman, Science 284, 1967 (1999)] calls for semiconductor devices that can operate efficiently and with low thermal leak at low temperatures. To better understand the behavior of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at these extreme temperatures, we derive the LED forward characteristics in the case of an InGaAs single-quantum well. We demonstrate the benefits of composition grading for increasing LED current, especially at low temperatures. This is done by deriving the optimum indium composition as a function of position. The results of the derivation are compared with COMSOL Multiphysics simulations and are found to match well.
The pseudo-Hopf bifurcation and derived attractors in 3D Filippov linear systems with a Teixeira singularity
Authors: Castillo Juan
Published: November 2020

Consider the generic family of 3D Filippov linear systems that possess a double-tangency singularity of Teixeira type. We are interested in finding mechanisms for the emergence of an attractor from such a singularity, like a crossing limit cycle, an invariant torus, or a strange attractor. For this, we unfold the pseudo-Hopf bifurcation for this class of systems in order to guarantee the existence of a crossing limit cycle and, subsequently, from this attractor, obtain a more intricate one. Two illustrative examples are given in order to show evidence of attractors obtained by means of the proposed strategy. Both theoretical and numerical results are provided for verification and demonstration.
Modeling the second wave of COVID-19 infections in France and Italy via a stochastic SEIR model
Authors: Faranda Davide , Alberti Tommaso
Published: November 2020

COVID-19 has forced quarantine measures in several countries across the world. These measures have proven to be effective in significantly reducing the prevalence of the virus. To date, no effective treatment or vaccine is available. In the effort of preserving both public health and the economical and social textures, France and Italy governments have partially released lockdown measures. Here, we extrapolate the long-term behavior of the epidemic in both countries using a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered model, where parameters are stochastically perturbed with a lognormal distribution to handle the uncertainty in the estimates of COVID-19 prevalence and to simulate the presence of super-spreaders. Our results suggest that uncertainties in both parameters and initial conditions rapidly propagate in the model and can result in different outcomes of the epidemic leading or not to a second wave of infections. Furthermore, the presence of super-spreaders adds instability to the dynamics, making the control of the epidemic more difficult. Using actual knowledge, asymptotic estimates of COVID-19 prevalence can fluctuate of the order of 10×106 units in both countries.
Stratification and filamentation instabilities in the dense core of exploding wires
Authors: Wang Kun , Shi Zongqian , Xu Hongfei , Zhao Jiancai
Published: November 2020

We report experiments characterizing the stratified and filamentary structures formed in the dense core of nanosecond electrical explosion of aluminum wires to understand the physical scenario of electrothermal instability. Direct experimental observations for stratification and filamentation instabilities, as well as the coexistence state of azimuthal strata and vertical filament in the dense plasma column, are presented. The wire core exhibits remarkable different patterns of instability with the decreasing wire length. The shadowgram of shorter wires demonstrates that the instability is transformed from stratified structures to filamentary structures. According to a radial magnetohydrodynamic computation, the wire enters a phase state of negative temperature dependence of resistivity before voltage breakdown. However, filamentary structures are only observed in exploding wires of 1 cm and 0.5 cm in length. The analyses based on experimental and computational results indicate that the increase in internal energy determines the manifestation of instability in the dense core. Filamentation instability occurs when the total energy input is no less than 1.5 times the vaporization energy at the moment of voltage breakdown. The lower limit of energy deposition ensures that the increase in internal energy covers vaporization energy.
Dissecting the electric quadrupolar and polarization effects operating in halogen bonding through electron density analysis with a focus on bromine
Authors: Saito Kento , Izumi Ryoma , Torii Hajime
Published: November 2020

The form of the electron density change (or difference) is usable as a kind of fingerprint of the electronic structural origin or mechanism that gives rise to intermolecular interactions. Here, this method is applied to halogen-bonding brominated systems to dissect the electric quadrupolar effect (arising from the anisotropic distribution of the valence electrons and intrinsic to the s2px2py2pz electronic configuration) and the polarization effect (induced by a partial negative charge of the halogen-bond accepting atom). It is shown that a suitable location of the “extra point” for placing a partial positive charge to represent the former is crucial and is clearly found from the electron density difference from the spherically isotropic Br− ion, while the latter consists of the dipolar polarization of the Br atom and the delocalized polarization of the whole molecule. A practical way for application to molecular dynamics simulations, etc., to represent these two factors is discussed.
Epilepsy surgery: Evaluating robustness using dynamic network models
Authors: Junges Leandro , Woldman Wessel , Benjamin Oscar J. , Terry John R.
Published: November 2020

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions affecting over 65 million people worldwide. Over one third of people with epilepsy are considered refractory: they do not respond to drug treatments. For this significant cohort of people, surgery is a potentially transformative treatment. However, only a small minority of people with refractory epilepsy are considered suitable for surgery, and long-term seizure freedom is only achieved in half the cases. Recently, several computational approaches have been proposed to support presurgical planning. Typically, these approaches use a dynamic network model to explore the potential impact of surgical resection in silico. The network component of the model is informed by clinical imaging data and is considered static thereafter. This assumption critically overlooks the plasticity of the brain and, therefore, how continued evolution of the brain network post-surgery may impact upon the success of a resection in the longer term. In this work, we use a simplified dynamic network model, which describes transitions to seizures, to systematically explore how the network structure influences seizure propensity, both before and after virtual resections. We illustrate key results in small networks, before extending our findings to larger networks. We demonstrate how the evolution of brain networks post resection can result in a return to increased seizure propensity. Our results effectively determine the robustness of a given resection to possible network reconfigurations and so provide a potential strategy for optimizing long-term seizure freedom.
Dynamics of two-dimensional binary dusty plasma in liquid-like state
Authors: Yang F. , Kong W. , Liu S. F. , Li Yunlong
Published: November 2020

Using a driven-dissipative Langevin dynamics simulation, the dynamics of two-dimensional binary dusty plasma in the liquid-like state has been investigated. The system consists of charge-asymmetric microparticles with an identical charge-mass ratio. To include the effect of particle size on the dynamics of the system, a modified Yukawa potential with consideration of the particle radius is employed to account for the electrostatic interaction between the charged particles. It is found that the mean squared displacement (MSD) of the system changes little when the ratio of particle radius to interparticle spacing is up to the order of magnitude of one tenth. By analyzing MSD at different time scales, coexistence of the distinct self-diffusion regimes for the two species is observed. The compositions of the two species together with the effective coupling strength of the system are responsible for the motion separation of the two species.
Computing Floquet Hamiltonians with symmetries
Authors: Loring Terry A. , Vides Fredy
Published: November 2020

Unitary matrices arise in many ways in physics, in particular as a time evolution operator. For a periodically driven system, one frequently wishes to compute a Floquet Hamiltonian that should be a Hermitian operator H such that e−iTH = U(T), where U(T) is the time evolution operator at time corresponding to the period of the system. That is, we want H to be equal to −i times a matrix logarithm of U(T). If the system has a symmetry, such as time reversal symmetry, one can expect H to have a symmetry beyond being Hermitian. We discuss here practical numerical algorithms on computing matrix logarithms that have certain symmetries, which can be used to compute Floquet Hamiltonians that have appropriate symmetries. Along the way, we prove some results on how a symmetry in the Floquet operator U(T) can lead to a symmetry in a basis of Floquet eigenstates.
A constant-frequency feedback loop for non-contact frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy via root locus: Implemented on a single-board field-programmable gate array device
Authors: Davis Solomon , Obstbaum Tal , Ben Ari Gil , Sivan Uri
Published: November 2020

Non-contact, frequency modulated atomic force microscopy is often operated in the constant-frequency mode to obtain a height map of the sample’s surface. Once linearized, the dynamics of the constant-frequency closed-loop system are reduced to a single transfer function. By modifying the bandwidth of this transfer function, a tradeoff is achieved between image noise and imaging speed. In this article, a new constant-frequency feedback loop is developed, utilizing the self-excitation technique for resonating the cantilever. Along with the proposed controller, it will be shown with the root locus that one needs to vary a single parameter, the loop gain, to modify the closed-loop bandwidth. The result is a robust, low-order, real-poled, feedback loop that is very easy to tune. The methodology is validated experimentally on a single-board field-programmable gate array device.
Characteristics of self-oscillating jets in a confined cavity
Authors: Mosavati M. , Barron R. M. , Balachandar R.
Published: November 2020

Jets emanating into a confined cavity exhibit self-oscillating behavior. This study is focused on evaluating characteristics of oscillating square and round jets. The jet exits from a submerged square or round nozzle of the same hydraulic diameter into a thin rectangular cavity at a Reynolds number of 54 000 based on the nozzle hydraulic diameter and average jet exit velocity. An investigation of the three-dimensional self-oscillatory flow structures is conducted using the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the Reynolds stress turbulence model. Vortex identification using the λ2-criterion is used to investigate the flow dynamics. For the oscillating square jet, vortex rings initially have a square shape near the nozzle exit, before axis-switching and transforming into a circular ring. Upon impact on the walls, two tornado-like vortices are produced. The decay rate of oscillating square and round jets initially shows a trend traditionally noted in the corresponding free jets but changes significantly with distance from the nozzle as the effects of oscillation and confinement begin to dominate. Reynolds stress profiles for both types of jets are qualitatively similar and show two peaks on either side of the centerline, which convert to mild peaks farther downstream. Spread and decay rates of oscillating square jets are higher, while oscillating round jets have higher turbulence intensities near the jet center. Compared to free jets, more uniform Reynolds stresses at farther distances from the jet centerline in oscillating jets will enhance heat transfer over a larger area, making oscillating jets suitable in many cooling applications.
Ultrafast dynamics in rubrene and its spectroscopic manifestation
Authors: Hu Wangjun , Sun Kewei , Xu Quan , Chen Lipeng , Zhao Yang
Published: November 2020

A multimode Brownian oscillator model is employed to investigate absorption line shapes of rubrene in solutions and thin films. Excellent agreement has been obtained between simulated and measured absorption spectra. Furthermore, using the parameters obtained from the fitting absorption spectra of rubrene, the dynamics of singlet fission is explored by the Dirac–Frenkel time-dependent variation with multiple Davydov trial states. By comparing the absorption spectra between a conical intersection model and the multimode Brownian oscillator model, the optimal system–bath coupling parameter of η = 0.2 is determined, and ensuing population dynamics of the S1 state is found to concur with a previously proposed coherent singlet fission mechanism. We further simulate the two-dimensional spectra to reveal the wavepacket dynamics on both excited state and ground state potential energy surfaces. It is demonstrated that the wavepacket motion of tuning modes plays a significant role in the evolution of two-dimensional spectra.
Pedestal electron collisionality and toroidal rotation during ELM-crash suppression phase under n = 1 RMP in KSTAR
Authors: Kim Minwoo , Lee J. , Ko W. H. , Hahn S.-H. , In Y. , Jeon Y. M. , Suttrop W. , Kim S. K. , Park G. Y. , Juhn J.-W. , Lee J. H.
Published: November 2020

Excellent reproducibility of KSTAR resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP)-driven, edge-localized mode (ELM)-crash suppression enables us to construct a database reliably for the study of ELM-crash suppression conditions. To establish a high-fidelity database, we have selected one of the frequently used RMP configurations in KSTAR, n = 1, +90° phasing RMP-coil configuration. A series of fitting curves based on edge profile diagnostics data is used for normalized electron collisionality (νe*) and plasma toroidal rotation (Vtor) at pedestal top. Since ITER is expected to employ slowly rotating, low-collisionality, high-density plasmas whose conditions are not readily accessible in the existing devices, the exploration and understanding of these two parameters would be important not only for RMP-driven, ELM-crash-suppression physics but also for the success of ITER. The data points for the ELM-crash suppression phase are in the range of 0.2 < νe,ped*< 1.1 with Zeff = 2 assumption and Vtor,ped> 40 km/s. Suppression thresholds or boundaries in νe,ped* or Vtor,ped are not confirmed in the investigated parameter ranges so far. The KSTAR database still needs additional experimental datasets in ITER-relevant conditions (νe,ped* ∼ 0.1 and low-torque low-rotation) to confirm the boundary of the ELM-crash suppression window in KSTAR and reduce the uncertainties of the RMP ELM-crash control technique in ITER. In both νe,ped* and Vtor,ped parameters, the phase-space distribution of the ELM-crash suppression has no clear distinction from that of the ELM-crash mitigation. Linear discriminant analysis provides a linear combination of parameters relevant to ELM-crash suppression, best separating two data categories. Recursive feature elimination indicates that ne,ped and IRMP, as well as νe,ped* and Vtor,ped, are critical variables in the separation of the data groups.
Design and preliminary experiment of a disk-beam relativistic klystron amplifier for Ku-band long-pulse high power microwave radiation
Authors: Dang Fangchao , Ju Jinchuan , Yang Fuxiang , Ge Xingjun , Zhang Jun , He Juntao , Zhang Xiaoping
Published: November 2020

Spatial coherent combination of multiple high power microwave (HPM) sources is considered as a promising scheme to improve the equivalent radiation power of the HPM system dramatically. Relativistic klystron amplifier (RKA) is one of the most suitable sources for the coherent power combination owing to its specific capabilities of stable microwave frequency and controllable phase. However, the RKAs operating at high frequency-band are severely limited by the problems of the intense space-charge effect and radio frequency breakdown. The radial-line HPM sources driven by the disk-shape electron beam may provide the potential to alleviate this issue due to its attractive features of the weak space-charge effect, the high power handling capacity, and the strong electron collection ability. In this paper, a disk-beam relativistic klystron amplifier (DB-RKA) is proposed and physically designed aiming to generate long-pulse HPM radiation at Ku-band. The physical idea, design principles, and simulation results are presented in detail. In a preliminary experiment, the disk-shape intense electron beam is well focused with an axial-width of 1.2 mm by an improved magnetic-excited method. Furthermore, the DB-RKA is demonstrated to be capable of generating Ku-band HPMs typically with peak power of 320 MW, pulse duration of 100 ns, and gain of 42 dB.