bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Особливості будови стравоходу та його імунних утворень перепелів
Authors: Dyshlyuk N.V. , Orlova A.V.
Published: June 2017

We investigated the structural features of the esophagus and it’s immune formations of quails aged two months (n = 4). There weren’t any preventive vaccinations for poultry. During the work, we used macro- and microscopic methods of morphological studies. These macroscopic studies showed that the esophagus of quails is similar to the tube and it starts behind the pharynx, lies above the trachea, and then, near the entrance to the body’s cavity, moves to the right side and lies on the right of the trachea. It’s caudal part passes between the bronchi, lungs, above the heart and, after being slightly narrowed, goes into the glandular part of the stomach. Before entering the chest - abdominal cavity, the wall of esophagus forms the extension – crop, which is used for accumulation and storage the feed. Crop shares the esophagus on the cranial (from pharynx to crop) and caudal (from crop to the glandular part of the stomach) parts. The length of the cranial part of quails is larger than the caudal part. Microscopic studies show that there are some small, isolated accumulations of diffuse lymphoid tissue in the mucous membrane of the quails and they are lying under the epithelium, around the esophageal glands and near the blood vessels. In the area of transition into the glandular part of the stomach, there is an esophageal tonsil, which includes all levels of structural organization of lymphoid tissues (diffuse lymphoid tissue, prenodules, primary and secondary lymphoid nodules), which indicates it’s morphofunctional and tonsil’s maturity. Among the structural levels, diffuse lymphoid tissue occupies the largest area, significantly lower – lymphoid nodules аnd the smallest – prenodules.
Вплив препарату «Трифузол» на функціональний стан печінки у курчат за еймеріозної інвазії
Authors: Kryshtalska M. , Hunchak V. , Gutyj B.
Published: June 2017

In the process of vital functions chicken blood proteins play an important physiological role in the complex processes of metabolism. Changes in blood biochemical composition of chickens according to experimental invasions reflect the development of pathological and immune processes and point on the stress of the body, which makes it possible objectively evaluate the impact of various factors on the organism of infested chickens. We have found that chickens infected eymeriozic invasion in blood serum was a low level of total protein and especially its albumin fraction. This indicates inhibition of protein synthesized liver function. In return the content of globulin in blood serum of sick chickens was 12% higher. On the background of the general hypoproteinemia was found a significant disparity between albumin and globulins in blood serum of sick chickens, as indicated by a decrease in the A/T ratio. After applying for the treatment of chickens affected eymeriozic invasion, drug «Brovafom», due to its antiprotozoic action the influence of toxins eliminates on the liver and intestinal mucosa. However, the protein synthesized function of liver at 28 day of the experiment in experimental chickens has not been completely restored. In applying the drug «Trifuzol» to chickens from the research group D3, for eymeriozic invasion we have found the level increase in total protein and albumin fractions, and also level lowering of globulin in serum of chickens throughout the experiment. At the 21st and 28th day of research in chickens from the experimental group we observe the indices normalization of protein synthesized function of the liver. Within physiological variables was also A/T ratio. Combined use of Brovafom and Trifuzol to experimental chickens for eymeriozic invasion, contributed to better normalization in protein synthesized of liver function, than the use of Brovafom.
Протеїновий і амінокислотний обмін у м’язах курчат-бройлерів кросу КОББ 500 на тлі застосування кормової добавки «Гумілід»
Authors: Myhaylenko E.O. , Dyomshyna O.O. , Stepchenko L.M.
Published: June 2017

The article presents data on the study of the impact of feed additives «Humilid» indicators on protein and amino acid metabolism of muscles of broiler chickens cross the COBB 500.The study tested that birds which additived Humilid the water increase in the muscles of total protein, which represented the largest share of the cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions. In homogenate of muscle, the total amount of protein increased by 10% in cytosolic and 20% in mitochondrial, which makes it possible to assert that stimulate the synthesis of cytosolic proteins is influenced Humilid and stimulated the formation chondriome of myocytes. Also, the data indicate an intensification of the use of amino acids for protein biosynthesis and adaptive processes, confirmed by increased in muscle mitochondrial fraction 2 times activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, which is involved in the transport of amino acids and glutathione in mitochondria that seen as a protective mechanism. The research has shown increased 3 times in cytosolic fraction activity of alanine aminotransferase and the simultaneous decrease in lactate dehydrogenase. Calculate the ratio activity of LDH/ALT showed bias towards anaerobic conversion of glucose to glucose-alanine cycle, more efficient way of recovery and using of glucose.
Підготовка компонентів селективної поверхні трансдюсера імунного біосенсора для індикації Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Novgorodova O.Ju. , Starodub M.F. , Ushkalov V.O.
Published: June 2017

The article presents the results of research to obtain specific components of the preparation selective biosensor surface for further development the immune biosensor test-system for the express – indication of bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their detection in biological material and in the environment. Specific antiserum and immunoglobulins to P. aeruginosa were obtained by autors. The resulting surface modification components for activity and specificity of the specific compounents were tested using analytical device imunosensor «Plasmon-6», based on surface plasmon resonance. Biosensors are defined as any measuring device that contains a biological element. It combines the exquisite selectivity of biology with the processing power of modern microelectronics and optoelectronics to offer powerful new analytical tools with major applications in the field of medicine, environmental studies, food and processing industries. These analytical devices are based on the union between biological and physio-chemical components. Biological components include macro-molecules such as antibodies, enzymes, tissue slices which are used to recognize and interact with a specific analyte. Physiochemical components are usually referred to as transducers which converts the interactions into signals; it is later amplified with respect to its concentration of analyte. The transducer may use potentiometric, amperometric, optical, magnetic, colorimetric devices. A target analyte in the external membrane must be able to enter the biosensor. The external membrane of the biosensor must be permeable to the analyte where the biosensor is sensitive to it. The biological element inside the biosensor then interacts with chemical species through a biochemical reaction which in turn produces another chemical product and characterized by change in mechanical, electrical properties. The output signal may be a conventional electrochemical signal depending on the type of transducer it uses. Assessment of P. aeruginosa was carried out using an analytical device - immunosensor, with immobilized specific antibodies on the transducer surface. The antibodies have interact with cell antigens, and the resulting shift value resonance angle recorded. Changing the angle depends on the amount of the immune complexes formed on the transducer surface. From the obtained results on the selective surface of transducer of the imunosensor, we can see, that the diagnostic system works with IgG concentration of 1 mg/ml, working titer of 1:7 in polyclonal antibodies against P. aeruginosa. The resulting antiserum specific immunoglobulins can be used in preparing the selective surface of immune biosensor.
DIFUSIVIDAD TÉRMICA DE MONO-CRISTALES DE GaSb Y Si(100)
Authors: Pulzara Mora Alvaro , Bernal Correa Roberto , Acevedo Rivas Alvaro , Rosales Rivera Andrés
Published: June 2017

En este trabajo, reportamos la caracterización de monocristales de Si(100) y GaSb(111) utilizando espectroscopia Raman y fotoacústica (principal interés) en configuración abierta y cerrada, para compuestos semiconductores III-V con estructura tipo zinc blenda, los espectros Raman generalmente muestran dos picos, un pico a baja frecuencia correspondiente a modos fononicos TO y un pico en alta frecuencia correspondiente a modos fononicos LO. Un fuerte pico es mostrado en la posición 226 cm−1 y uno un poco más débil en 237 cm−1, que son los modos TO y LO respectivamente, debido a la orientación cristalina del material. Con el fin de determinar la difusividad térmica de los materiales se utilizaron láseres con longitudes de onda de 650 nm y 535 nm. Los resultados de la difusividad térmica de los monocristales de Si y GaSb, obtenidos a partir del modelo de Rosencwaig y Gersho (RG) se analizaron en función de la orientación cristalográfica. Discutimos la recombinación no-radiativa que se origina en la superficie y en el volumen del cristal, que contribuye a la señal fotoacústica, en términos del tipo de celda y de la línea de excitación.
¿POR QUÉ ES NECESARIA LA DIVULGACIÓN Y LA FORMACIÓN EN NANOTECNOLOGÍA?
Authors: Tutor Sánchez Joaquín D. , TakeuchI Noboru
Published: June 2017

La Nanociencia es el estudio de estructuras de tamaño entre 1 y 100 nanómetros, llamadas nanoestructuras, las cuales, debido a sus pequeñas escalas de tamaño se comportan de manera diferente a la materia a escalas micro y macroscópicas. Estas nuevas propiedades de los materiales permiten la fabricación de nuevos productos y tecnologías. Son tantas las posibles aplicaciones que se habla de una nueva revolución tecnológica. En este trabajo se argumenta la importancia de la divulgación y la formación científica y tecnológica en nanociencia y nanotecnología. También se mencionan, brevemente, las acciones que acomete en este sentido la Red Internacional “José Roberto Leite” de Divulgación y Formación en Nanotecnología, NANODYF (www.nanodyf.com)
ESTUDIO DE LAS PROPIEDADES DE ENTRELAZAMIENTO ENTRE LUZ Y MATERIA INCLUYENDO DETECTORES EN UN SISTEMA MICROCAVIDAD PUNTO CUÁNTICO
Authors: Montaña Guerrero Alvaro , Vinck Posada Herbert
Published: June 2017

En trabajos recientes [1, 2], los autores incluyen detectores en una propuesta hamiltoniana para modelar procesos de experimentos en un sistema microcavidad punto cuántico. En nuestro trabajo, estudiamos las propiedades de entrelazamiento entre luz y materia como función de la constante de acople del campo con los detectores ei y el tiempo t, y analizamos el caso de los estados cuánticos protegidos.
Límites a la Universalidad de los Derechos Humanos: Representaciones Sociales en el Sistema Judicial sobre los Migrantes Internacionales como Titulares de Derechos
Authors: González Anahí
Published: June 2017

RESUMEN El presente artículo aborda las representaciones sociales presentes en el sistema judicial del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA) acerca de los derechos humanos de los migrantes internacionales llegados a la Argentina desde la mitad del siglo XX a la actualidad. A partir de una investigación de carácter cualitativo, que llevó a cabo cincuenta entrevistas en profundidad a miembros del sistema judicial del AMBA, se evidencian discursos excluyentes que se alejan de una perspectiva universalista y respetuosa de los derechos de los migrantes. Al analizar los resultados encontrados, se discuten tres dimensiones de análisis: la política migratoria anhelada, la competencia entre nativos y migrantes en el acceso a derechos económicos y sociales y, finalmente, la concepción de ciudadanía restringida.
A FACE QUALIFICADA-ESPECIALIZADA DO TRABALHO IMIGRANTE NO BRASIL: temporalidade e flexibilidade
Authors: Villen Patrícia
Published: June 2017

O objeto deste artigo é a face qualificada-especializada do trabalho imigrante, relacionada com o circuito legalizado da imigração. Examina-se a bibliografia e os diferentes tratamentos teóricos do tema, enfatizando a pertinência do prisma do “mercado global dos recursos humanos qualificados”. A manifestação desses fluxos no Brasil (2007-2014) é analisada a partir das estatísticas do Ministério da Saúde e do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego sobre o regime de visto, a composição de sexo e de nacionalidade. Uma seção é dedicada aos “marítimos globais” e aos médicos cubanos, por representarem um caso emblemático das novas bases sócio-históricas de desenvolvimento do fenômeno da imigração no país. Por fim, será feito um balanço sobre a ligação desses fluxos com movimentos de precarização do trabalho, em particular no que se refere à temporalidade e à flexibilidade.
Uso de agregado leve de EVA em contrapiso argamassado para isolamento ao ruído de impacto em edificações residenciais
Authors: Tutikian Bernardo Fonseca , Zuchetto Letícia Kauer , Souza Rodrigo Périco de , Oliveira Maria Fernanda Nunes de
Published: June 2017

Resumo O copolímero etileno acetato de vinila (EVA) é largamente utilizado na indústria calçadista. Entretanto, a geração de resíduos no processo de fabricação é bastante significativa. Com a implementação da norma de desempenho, NBR 15575, os projetos de construções habitacionais devem atender aos níveis de desempenho exigidos. Dentre os requisitos prescritos pela norma está a isolação ao ruído de impacto entre pisos, a qual pode ser otimizada com a utilização de materiais de baixa massa específica. Nesse contexto, este artigo visa desenvolver uma argamassa leve, a partir da incorporação de EVA proveniente da indústria calçadista, a ser utilizada como contrapiso para isolamento acústico. Para tanto, fez-se um estudo por meio de ensaios de resistência à compressão e à tração, bem como nível de pressão sonora de impacto padronizado ponderado, realizado em câmara normatizada. Foram desenvolvidos cinco traços, com proporções de 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% e 100% de substituição da agregado miúdo por EVA, além do contrapiso convencional. Foram moldadas placas de 1 m2 de contrapiso leve, e uma amostra representativa do tamanho da laje com 16 m2, as quais diferiram em 2 dB para o isolamento acústico. O traço com melhor desempenho proporcionou uma redução de 9 dB em relação ao contrapiso convencional, mostrando ser eficaz para utilização como isolante acústico.
Improving the properties of recycled concrete aggregates by accelerated carbonation
Authors: Zhao Zengfeng , Remond Sébastien , Damidot Denis , Courard Luc , Michel Frédéric
Published: June 2017

Large amounts of construction and demolition wastes, especially concrete wastes, are generated annually. Until now, only a small fraction of concrete wastes has been reused as recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) in the manufacture of mortar and concrete. In order to optimise the use of RCA for new concrete, it is important to improve the properties of RCA. RCA are mainly composed of an intimate mix of natural aggregates and adherent hardened cement paste, which has a much larger porosity than natural aggregates. The influence of accelerated carbonation on the properties of RCA was studied in this work. Original concrete was manufactured and crushed by a jaw crusher in the laboratory. The different fractions of laboratory-produced RCA were stored in an accelerated carbonation room. The mass loss, density, porosity and water absorption of the RCA were tested before and after carbonation. Industrial RCA were also studied for comparison with the laboratory-produced RCA. The results clearly showed that, after accelerated carbonation, the density of the RCA increased due to the transformation of portlandite into calcite. The water absorption and porosity of the RCA decreased after carbonation.
El acceso a las técnicas de reproducción asistida como una garantía de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos: la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional a la luz del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos
Authors: Pabón Mantilla Ana Patricia , Upegui Toledo Óscar Andrés , Archila Julio Jessica Johanna , Otero González Maria Angélica
Published: June 2017

El presente artículo pretende mostrar al lector cómo la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional colombiana sobre el acceso a Técnicas de Reproducción Asistida, de manera tardía e influenciada por el desarrollo de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos en el ámbito del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos, se enmarca en un precedente de gran valor para su protección en el ámbito interno al replantear la discusión sobre la afectación a la autonomía y salud reproductiva por la inaccesibilidad a dichos servicios desde el enfoque de los derechos, apartándose de la concepción casi inmutable que mantuvo por 15 años sobre la efectividad de los derechos fundamentales basada en una clasificación histórico-clásica.
Evaluation of factors that affect skin to subarachnoid space distance
Authors: Sargin Mehmet , Hanedan Bülent , Aydoğan Eyüp , Akin Fatma , Özmen Sadık
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Lumbar puncture is a procedure frequently used in anesthetic practice. For the success of the procedure, prediction of skin to subarachnoid space distance (SSD) is valuable. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between SSD with age and body mass index (BMI).

Methods: Two hundred and fifty patients, ASA physical status I, II, and III scheduled to undergo elective surgery under spinal anesthesia, were studied. Spinal anesthesia was induced in the sitting position at the L3–4 vertebral level using a midline approach. Furthermore, the level of L3–L4 was identified by palpation, using Tuffier’s line as a guide. Following an intrathecal injection, the spinal needle was grasped between the thumb and the index finger during its removal from the patient’s back. From the grasping point, SSD was measured using rulers.

Results: Mean values of SSD at the L3-4 interspace were 55.43±6.47 mm (range 35-74). Statistically significant correlations were observed between SSD with BMI and body weight (ρ=0.650, P<0.001 and ρ=0.651, P<0.001, respectively). Statistically significant correlation was not found between SSD with age, gender and body height (ρ=0.120, P=0.058; ρ=-0.047, P=0.4568 and ρ=0.089, P=0.159, respectively).

Conclusions: SSD is affected by BMI and body weight but not by age, gender and body height.
A comprehensive modular system of prevention of professional destructions of the investigators in the course of their professional formation
Authors: Kovalchishina S.
Published: June 2017

The article substantiates the need to improve the readiness of the future legal psychologists to effective coping behavior in the light output at the present time in Russia professional standards governing the activities of professionals providing psychological assistance to minors, including those who are in legally relevant situations. The aim of the presented research - the identification of typical coping strategies for students of legal psychology in the educational practice and the analysis of the relationship of coping strategies with successful performance practices. Second-year students were diagnostic practice in various educational institutions, including schools and special schools for students with deviant behavior. Probationers acted as a psychologist, a holistic diagnostic problem solving - from the receipt of the request to make recommendations on the results of the survey. The method of content analysis was processed 41 report on the practice. Fixed mention of problematic situations that have caused negative emotions in the trainees, and mention of coping behavior. Revealed the typical difficulties of students and coping strategies when performing queries on psycho-diagnostics of children with behavioral problems. We found a significant positive correlation between the success of the implementation of practice tasks students with a variety mentioned in the report difficulties with the frequency of their appearance, as well as with a variety of coping strategies. The study offers methodological tools for the preparation of the future legal psychologists in diagnostic practice.
Clinical analysis of post sterilization failure cases in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Rathod Setu , Samal Sunil Kumar
Published: June 2017

Background: The most common permanent method of family planning accepted in India is female tubal sterilization as it has a very low failure rate of 0.1-0.8% in the first year and overall pregnancy chances of 1 in 200. It can be done by open method but laparoscopic method has now gained wide popularity.Methods: Ours was a retrospective study of post sterilization failure cases admitted to Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mahatma Gandhi medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry within a 3 year time period between May 2014 to May 2017.Results: Within a 3 year period, 3 patients presented with intrauterine pregnancy whereas 28 presented as ectopic pregnancy following sterilization. Majority of patients belonged to 26-30 year age group and had 2 children. 35.7% of ectopics presented at 7-8 weeks gestational age. Over 70% of sterilization failures were done by open method and around 43% were done during caesarean section. Around 71.4% sterilization failures were seen within 5 years of sterilization but 1 patient presented as late as 17 years post sterilization.Conclusions: Female sterilization may result in failure even after years of sterilization. In present study, open sterilization had a higher failure rate than laparoscopic sterilization. The most common mode of sterilization failure was ectopic pregnancy. Therefore, patients undergoing sterilization must be counseled about chances of failure; even though it is a permanent method, and to consult immediately if missed period else at a later stage they may go in for rupture ectopic leading to high maternal morbidity and mortality.
Evaluation of the role of enhanced external counter pulsation in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Kannappan Sabapathy , Kannappan Thirumal Babu
Published: June 2017

Background: The incidence of Chronic Heart failure (CHF) has reached epidemic proportions in developing countries. The prevalence also increases as the patient population ages. Heart failure accounts for between 5% and 10% of all hospital admissions and is the most frequent cause of hospitalization in the elderly. The aim of this single centre observational study was to find out the efficacy of EECP in improving functional capacity and LV function in symptomatic chronic heart failure patients with mild to moderate LV dysfunction irrespective of their etiology.Methods: Thirty-six symptomatic patients in NYHA class II and III were included in this study. All the patients underwent one hour EECP therapy for thirty-five sessions over a period of seven weeks. NYHA classification, six-minute walk test, two dimensional and Tissue Doppler Echocardiographic examination were done before and after EECP therapy.Results: At the end of EECP therapy there was improvement in functional class. Eleven out of thirty-six patients were asymptomatic. The mean distance covered in six-minute walk test was also significantly increased after the therapy. The Echocardiographic parameters like Ejection Fraction (EF), Systolic excursion of mitral valve annulus (S'), Ratio between mitral flow E Velocity & Mitral annular E velocity (E/E’) significantly improved after EECP.Conclusions: In this study, it was concluded that there was significant improvement in symptoms, functional capacity and LV function in Chronic Heart Failure patients after EECP therapy.
Monitoring of adverse drug reactions caused by methotrexate at the dermatology department of a tertiary care centre
Authors: S. Sivakumar , K. Banupriya
Published: June 2017

Background: Dermatologists are using antineoplastic agent methotrexate for more than six decades for various skin diseases. Methotrexate is a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor and has cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and steroid sparing effect. However, long term use of methotrexate raises a concern about its safety. Careful monitoring of patients on methotrexate therapy can either minimize or prevent the adverse effects.The aim of the study was to evaluate the adverse drug reactions caused by methotrexate therapy in the treatment of dermotological diseases.

Methods: Observational clinical study done in 56 patients with skin diseases, who were on methotrexate therapy. LFT, RFT, blood counts done at baseline and every 2 weeks till the end of six months. Adverse reactions were monitored and assessed using WHO-UMC scale.

Results: Among sixteen Psoriasis patients on methotrexate (max 15 mg/wk) therapy, 62.5% experienced adverse effects and the most common ADR being GI upset in 6 patients. Other common adverse effects observed were elevated liver enzymes, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, candidiasis and elevated serum creatinine. None of the patients in our study had pulmonary toxicity, life threatening adverse effects requiring hospitalisation or secondary lymphoma. Adverse effects caused by methotrexate were dose dependent. So low dose weekly methotrexate regimen with folate supplementation in the form of folic acid or folinic acid can minimize the adverse effects.

Conclusions: Our study was successful in identifying the adverse effects caused by methotrexate when used for various skin diseases in the department of dermatology.
Nitrobenzene Hydrogenation to N-phenylhydroxylamine: a New Approach to the Selectivity
Authors: Kushch S.D.
Published: June 2017

A new approach to resolve the problem of selectivity with respect to N-phenylhydroxylamine in nitrobenzene hydrogenation is proposed. N-phenylhydroxylamine only is the final product of nitrobenzene electroreduction in aprotic media. In this case nitrobenzene reduction carries out by alternation of electrochemical (electron transfer) and chemical (species formed protonation) stages i.e. by so-called EC mechanism. Such mechanism realization in nitrobenzene hydrogenation is possible if i) a catalyst activates hydrogen as “hydrogen electrode” i.e. serves electrons source; ii) a reaction media contains limiting proton concentration. These limitations are discharged in the media of aprotic dipolar solvent, which solvated both positive and negative species. Really, in aprotic dipolar solvents over reduced platinum complexes or lowpercentage (≤1 wt.%) platinum, iridium or osmium catalyst nitrobenzene is hydrogenated with process discontinuance after nitrobenzene total consumption. Nitrobenzene hydrogenation yields N-phenylhydroxylamine as the main (the yield is 98%) product. As these low-percentage catalysts, complex catalyst in situ is heterogeneous i.e. it represents a platinum colloid (particle size ~ 40 nm) stabilized by aprotic dipolar solvent. So, process of nitrobenzene  hydrogenation, which is similar to nitrobenzene electoreduction, can is created. A kinetic scheme proposed is analyzed and kinetic equation for initial reaction rate, which is conformed to kinetic data, is obtained.
Mechanical and Swelling Characteristics of Kappa-carrageenin/Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide Blend Hydrogels
Authors: Yalong Zhang , Yanqun Zhang , Min Yi , Hongfei Ha
Published: June 2017

Two- or multi-component hydrogels consisting of the three-dimensional network of polymer chains play more and more significant role in the field of biomaterials such as contact lens, burn dressing drug delivery systems etc or in some technical fields such as gel actuators, sensors, absorbents etc. In the work, a novel blend hydrogel composed of kappa-carrageenin (KC) and polyisopropylacrylamide (PNIPAAm) was prepared via gamma-radiation technology at room temperature. The main component of the hydrogels is a typical temperature sensitive polymer PNIPAAm. As the second component, KC is a kind of natural macromolecules. The properties of the gels, such as gel strength, and swelling behavior were investigated. The incorporation of relatively small content (up to 5 wt.%) of KC could obviously improve the mechanical properties and swelling capacity. 3% KC content in the blend hydrogel is preferable for better strength and swelling properties. On the other hand, as a kind of polysaccharide, KC would be degraded by γ-rays; so
suitable dose must be controlled carefully. Here the total dose used was controlled below 3 kGy. KC is soluble in water. If the hydrogels synthesized in the work were as usually extracted in water or other polar solvent such as methanol, the KC in hydrogels would be also washed out completely together with unreacted monomer and linear polymer, and the action of KC in the blend hydrogels would be disappeared. Otherwise, the results published before showed that the unreacted monomer and linear polymer in the hydrogels were very small, no more than 3-5%, which would not affect the properties of the hydrogels.
Avaliação histomorfométrica da combinação de rifamicina com hidroxiapatita sintética na reparação óssea em tíbia de coelhos: um estudo piloto
Authors: Palma Luiz Felipe , Paiva Thalita Caetano , Sato Nelson Masanobu , Frigo Lúcio , Kfouri Flávio De Ávila
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: realizar avaliação histomorfométrica da associação do antibiótico rifamicina SV sódica à hidroxiapatita sintética na reparação óssea em tíbia de coelhos. Material e Métodos: doze coelhos brancos machos foram igualmente divididos em Grupo Teste e Controle. Lojas ósseas foram criadas nas tíbias dos animais e preenchidas com hidroxiapatita sintética e solução fisiológica (Grupo Controle) ou associação de hidroxiapatita sintética e rifamicina SV sal sódico (Grupo Teste). Além do mais, sobre todas as perfurações foram fixadas barreiras de politetrafluoretileno expandido. Os animais foram sacrificados após 7, 14 ou 21 dias da cirurgia, lâminas para análise em microscópio óptico foram preparadas (coloração H&E) e as análises realizadas. Resultados: a associação testada demonstrou superioridade no controle microbiológico local, na velocidade de formação e na quantidade final total de deposição de matriz óssea. Conclusão: a combinação de rifamicina com hidroxiapatita sintética parece apresentar vantagens nas condições testadas, incentivando a realização de novos estudos em modelo animal.
APLICAÇÃO DE FOTOIRRADIAÇÃO SOLAR PARA TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES DE LATICÍNIOS
Authors: Maculan Jaqueline Luiza , Luzza Michel , Pokrywiecki Juan Carlos , Dusmann Elisângela , Tonial Ivane Benedetti , Pokrywiecki Ticiane Sauer
Published: June 2017

A indústria de laticínios gera grande volume de efluentes. Estudos têm avaliado novas tecnologias para o tratamento destes efluentes, com destaque para os Processos Oxidativos Avançados. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a redução de carga orgânica de efluentes lácteos utilizando um processo fotocatalítico heterogêneo com a construção de um reator fotocatalítico (TiO2/UVsolar). O reator foi montado em escala piloto para desenvolvimento dos testes preliminares e avaliação da efetividade do tratamento. Os efluentes foram avaliados nas formas: bruto (in natura) e tratado, exposto 2 horas à radiação solar com circulação do efluente sob a placa contendo TiO2. Foram avaliados as variáveis de pH, cor, turbidez, DBO e DQO. Os resultados revelaram que houve aumento nos parâmetros: pH, cor e turbidez do efluente tratado, no entanto, houve redução de 66,1% para a DBO e 66,5% para a DQO, indicando uma considerável diminuição de matéria orgânica no efluente. Porém, novos estudos deverão ser realizados com o objetivo de minimizar principalmente a cor e turbidez a fim de possibilitar melhoria no tratamento e possível utilização em escala industrial deste equipamento.Palavras-chave: Efluente lácteo; Matéria Orgânica; Fotoirradiação solar.
Logistics Outsourcing: Why Do Not Some Italian SMEs Adopt the Externalization?
Authors: Payaro Andrea , Papa Anna Rita
Published: June 2017

Logistics is a one of the common function that companies usually outsourced. The decision to keep this function in-house or contract with one or many third-party logistics (3PL) companies is entirely strategic and can dramatically impact any organization's bottom line. 3PL users report an average of 44% of their total logistics expenditures are related to outsourcing. 72% of firms are increasing their use of outsourced logistics services in 2015, which is up slightly from the average reported in recent years. Most developed outsourcing logistics market belongs to the U.S. with 88%. It is followed by Asia 48%, and Europe – 46% (O’Reilly, 2010). In Italy some industries can reach the 70%, in particular food, groceries and fashion (Osservatorio Contract Logistics del Politecnico di Milano). There are many researches about logistics and large enterprises. There are less studies about Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and logistics outsourcing. SMEs play a major role in the Italian economic system. Their business activities have become an important component of the Italian economy.This paper aims to depict the adoption level of outsourcing by Italian SMEs. By direct interviews to 28 companies’ representatives we investigate which services or processes are outsourced. We investigate the reasons why companies adopt or don’t adopt the externalization. Moreover, for every company we calculate the logistics costs of simple logistics processes. In effect, we wish to compare the logistics costs communicated by the firms and the same costs calculated with ABC (Activity Based Cost) model. This research demonstrate that SMEs adopt 3PLs only for transportation. SMEs do not know all the logistics services offered by 3PLs and SMEs think the services are dedicated only to large enterprises. Finally, many companies are not able to calculate logistics costs, then they cannot compare a 3PL offer with their real costs.
Large-scale, Multi-temporal Remote Sensing of Palaeo-river Networks: A Case Study from Northwest India and its Implications for the Indus Civilisation
Authors: Orengo Hector A. , Petrie Cameron A.
Published: June 2017

Remote sensing has considerable potential to contribute to the identification and reconstruction of lost hydrological systems and networks. Remote sensing-based reconstructions of palaeo-river networks have commonly employed single or limited time-span imagery, which limits their capacity to identify features in complex and varied landscape contexts. This paper presents a seasonal multi-temporal approach to the detection of palaeo-rivers over large areas based on long-term vegetation dynamics and spectral decomposition techniques. The use of multi-temporal data has allowed the overcoming of seasonal cultivation patterns and long-term visibility issues related to crop selection, large-scale irrigation and land use patterns. The application of this approach on the Sutlej-Yamuna interfluve (northwest India), a core area for the Bronze Age Indus Civilisation, has enabled the reconstruction of an unsuspectedly complex palaeo-river network comprising more than 8000 kms of palaeo-channels. It has also enabled the definition of the morphology of these relict courses, which provides insights into the environmental conditions in which they operated. These new data will contribute to a better understanding of the settlement distribution and environmental settings in which this, often considered riverine, civilisation operated.
Indian Country Leads National Movement to Knock Down Barriers to Oral Health Equity
Authors: Cladoosby Brian (Speepots)
Published: June 2017

Tribal and other underserved communities are struggling under the weight of devastating oral health disparities. Tribes as sovereign nations are searching for innovative solutions to address their unique barriers to oral health care.

Dental therapists are primary oral health providers who work as part of the dental team to provide a limited scope of services to patients. They were first brought to tribal communities by the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium. Despite strong opposition from the American Dental Association aimed at protecting its monopoly on oral health care, dental therapists are sweeping the nation. Evidence shows that they are effective and provide high-quality care, particularly in underserved communities.

A community’s ability to develop public health policy solutions tailored to its needs and priorities is essential in eliminating health disparities and achieving health equity. The Swinomish Indian Tribal Community is leading the way to more effective and efficient dental teams and working hard to lay the groundwork for the elimination of oral health disparities.
The Preparation and Selection of Budget Methods for Promotion in Kosovo
Authors: Karaxha MSc. Halit , Karaxha MSc. Hidajet , Abazi Dr.Sc. Arjan
Published: June 2017

Selecting the adequate method for promotion has a huge importance in increasing business’s performance. Selecting the method of the budget depends from a number of factors. The formulation of budget is known as the most critical period which requires special analysis from marketing’s managers. The expenses for promotion are usually high, and every investment made in the field of promotion directly influences in the business situation. Thus, the selection and adequate formulation of budget methods for promotion influences the growth of profit. The allocated amount for promotion depends from a number of factors, such as: the size of the firm, the sector in which it operates, competition etc. After planning the budget, we have to do the budget allocation to select the promotional form which is considered to be successful by the firms in promoting the products and services and that will help the company to connect with its clients. In this paper, I have elaborated the role and importance of the preparation and selection of budget methods for promotion in the theoretical aspect and the practical one as well.
Change in Higher Education – View of Experts, Teachers and Students
Authors: Günther Dr.Sc. Johann
Published: June 2017

Our society is more mobile. This influences also our education system. It brings more international communication and cooperation. Teachers and students must change their behavior. The speed of this change is different by area. Asia has a high change rate and United States and Europe has a too slow process for adaptation.The future of education is shown in this paper from 3 perspectives:-        Teachers-        Experts-        Students
Banking system and its role in Kosovo’s economic development
Authors: Hasanaj MA. Petrit , Shala MA. Albina , Qarkagjija Dr.Sc. Jusuf
Published: June 2017

Developing a sustainable banking system is a prerequisite for developing an economy. The purpose of this paper is to extract all the important factors in the nature of banks and their direct role in economic development. This market study aims to analyze the banking system in Kosovo by determining and then analyzing its structure, the degree of concentration of commercial banks in the banking market, their behavior towards price, number of participants, banks operating in this market, types Of the products and services they provide, in order to assess the level of competition of this sector, in accordance with the right of competition. For this purpose, the study describes the functioning of the banking system as a whole and its special segments, regulatory supervisory instruments and their role not only in the functioning of the banking system but also in effective competition. Since the beginning of the operation of commercial banks, which is over 16 years old, the market still dominates high interest rates on loans, which, to some extent, is a burden on economic entities, and thus the economy as a whole.
The impact of the CEFTA trade agreement on economic development in Kosovo
Authors: Vranja MA. Leonora
Published: June 2017

Given the fact that Kosovo was in a difficult economic situation, it became a member of CEFTA, so that domestic producers could export their goods, benefit from free trade, attract foreign investors, and also it was seen as an opportunity for integration into the European Union (EU). After the signing of this agreement, eventhough expectations were optimistic about economic development, the agreement was not fully implemented. Kosovo, compared to other SouthEast European countries that are also members of this agreement, has been discriminated against in terms of export of domestic products and the number of foreign investors has decreased.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of this agreement on Kosovo's economic development.For analyzing the macroeconomic indicators affected by this agreement, analytical methods were used, and interviews were conducted with a local producer as well as with an economic expert.The results of this research show that the CEFTA 2006 agreement did not have the expected positive impact on the development of the economy in Kosovo.
WZORCE FUNKCJONOWANIA RODZINY POCHODZENIA A INTELIGENCJA EMOCJONALNA MŁODYCH DOROSŁYCH
Authors: KOROL EWA
Published: June 2017

W artykule opisano badania dotyczące związku między poziomem ogólnej inteligencji emocjonalnej oraz poszczególnych jej składników u młodych dorosłych a wzorcami ich funkcjonowania w rodzinach pochodzenia. Analizą metodologiczną objęto wyniki uzyskane od 121 osób (72 kobiet i 49 mężczyzn) w wieku 21–26 lat. Dla potrzeb niniejszej pracy rodzina rozumiana jest zgodnie z uję- ciem systemowym, inteligencja emocjonalna zaś zgodnie z modelem zdolnościowym. W związku z tym w badaniu wykorzystano następujące metody badawcze: Skale oceny rodziny (SOR), Popularny kwestionariusz inteligencji emocjonalnej (PKIE) oraz ankietę własną. Jak pokazały wyniki, istnieją zależności między określonymi wzorcami funkcjonowania rodziny pochodzenia młodych dorosłych a ich ogólnym poziomem inteligencji emocjonalnej oraz jej poszczególnymi zdolnościami.
ZACHOWANIA AUTOAGRESYWNE A OBRAZ WŁASNEGO CIAŁA U KOBIET Z ZABURZENIAMI ODŻYWIANIA SIĘ
Authors: MIODUCHOWSKA-ZIENKIEWICZ AGNIESZKA
Published: June 2017

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie zjawiska zaburzeń odżywiania się, obrazu własnego ciała i zachowań autoagresywnych, a także próba przedstawienia zależności między tymi zmiennymi u kobiet z zaburzeniami ożywiania się. Grupę badawczą (kliniczną) w projekcje stanowiło 25 kobiet ze zdiagnozowaną anoreksją lub bulimią, grupę kontrolną zaś – 30 kobiet zdrowych. Do badań wykorzystano Kwestionariusz Ja cielesnego (Skala J-C) Beaty Miruckiej oraz Inwentarz psychologicznego syndromu agresji (IPSA-II) Zbigniewa B. Gasia. Analiza uzyskanych wyników pokazuje, że kobiety z anoreksją i bulimią, w porównaniu do kobiet zdrowych, przejawiają większe tendencje autoagresywne. Ponadto w grupie badawczej niewłaściwy wizerunek ciała istotnie koreluje z nasileniem autoagresji. Uzyskane rezultaty przedyskutowano w świetle dotychczasowych wyników badań i teorii.
EFFECTS OF ORAL ALFACALCIDOL ON MATURATION OF DENDRITIC CELLS IN GRAVES’ DISEASE PATIENTS: A DOUBLE-BLINDED RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: Purnamasari Dyah , Djauzi Samsuridjal , Setiati Siti , Harahap Alida , Gde Pemayun Tjokorda , Prihartono Joedo , Soewondo Pradana
Published: June 2017

Maturity level of dendritic cells (DC) plays a pivotal role in initiating and regulating autoimmunity. In graves’ disease (GD), DCs have more active immune responses than those in healthy subjects. Our previous study demonstrated immunoregulatory effects of in vitro 1,25-D3 on maturation of DC in GD patients. This study aims to evaluate the effect of oral 1α-D3 on DC maturation in GD patients. Methods: Twenty five GD patients with thyrotoxicosis were divided into two groups: 12 GD patients receiving oral 1α-D3 and 13 GD patients receiving placebo, in addition to treatment of propylthiouracil. Comparison of DC maturation were performed before and after the oral 1α-D3. DC maturation was assessed based on the expression of DC markers (HLA-DR, CD80, CD40, CD83, CD14 and CD206) and the ratio of cytokines interleukin-12/IL-10.Results: After 8 weeks, 8 out of 12 GD patients in treatment group and 6 out of 13 GD patients in placebo group still had high fT4 level. The expression of CD80 decreased (p=0.48) and CD206 increased (p=0.47) insignificantly among treatment group. The IL-12/IL-10 ratio decreased along with the improvement of fT4 level in both groups. No difference of the IL-12/IL10 ratio between treatment and placebo group. Conclusion: The effects of oral 1α-D3 on DC maturation of GD patients have not been clearly demonstrated in this study yet.
SURVEILLANCE OF MORTALITY: FROM A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL OF EASTERN INDIA IN PERSONS WITH AND WITHOUT DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Kabi Shobhitendu , Dhar Shrikant Kumar , Panda Baikuntha Nath , Das Chandan , Jena Kamal Kant , Sahu Mahesh Chandra
Published: June 2017

Objective: There is abundant knowledge about the gravity of global load of diabetes mellitus (DM). There are conflicting reports on the cause of death from different parts of the world. In India, there are not enough studies to establish the cause of death in DM. To find out the mortality pattern in DM and non-DM (NDM) in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India.Methods: Retrospective analysis of in-hospital mortality in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India, from January 2012 to December 2015.Results: There were a total of 1590 deaths of which 442 were having DM and 1148 did not have DM (NDM). Mean age of death for nondiabetics was 66.4 years (M:F = 67.5:65.3) and that for diabetics were 62.7 years (M:F = 63.5:60.04) which was not statistically significant (p=0.9) though diabetics died younger by 4 years. On analyzing the specific cause of death, coronary artery disease (CAD) was 14.71% in DM and 1.57% in NDM (p=0.0001). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was 18.55% in DM and 1.92% in NDM (p=0.0001). Congestive heart failure was 7.27% in DM and 1.83% in NDM (p=0.0001). CVA was 13.57% in DM and 1.66% in NDM (p=0.0001). Infection was the most common cause of death (39.37%) in DM, but in NDM also this was quite high 34.41% (p=0.21). The death due to CVA in DM was more in hemorrhage as compared to ischemic (p=0.00001).Conclusion: We found causes of death in DM were an infection, CKD, CAD, CVA, and CHF in descending order in this part of the world. The diabetes patients had lesser hospital stay than nondiabetes patients (p=0.009).
THE ROLE OF THE CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR ASSAYS IN PROSTATE CANCER DETECTION
Authors: Mansouri Fatemeh
Published: June 2017

To assess the correlation between the clinical and molecular assays in identify early and robust prostate cancer detection. Early detection, management of cancer and decision about the disease are important for beneficial treatment of prostate cancer. We used a computerized search of the Medline/ PubMed databases with the key words prostate cancer, biomarker, and early detection. Clinical management of cancer is facilitated by a conventional test such as prostate-specific antigen and digital rectal exam for application in clinical practice. Although these tests have significantly reduced the mortality with prostate cancer, but have some drawbacks and false positive rate. Fortunately, there are strong correlations between the clinical and molecular assays in identifying early and robust cancer detection, because molecular assays are less invasive and reliable. The use of genetic markers has the potential to providing useful prognostic or predictive information into clinically useful diagnostic tests to improve clinical decision-making and enhance therapeutic success. Different clinical and molecular assays are for detecting prostate cancer and use the biomarkers as potential tumor markers could be a useful predictor in the screening and monitoring to avoid over treatment prostate cancer.