bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Device Physics and Morphology of Polymer Solar Cells Employing Fullerenes and Non‐Fullerene Acceptors
Authors: Bloking Jason T. , Giovenzana Tommaso , Higgs Andrew T. , Ponec Andrew J. , Hoke Eric T. , Vandewal Koen , Ko Sangwon , Bao Zhenan , Sellinger Alan , McGehee Michael D.
Published: April 2014

There is a need to find electron acceptors for organic photovoltaics that are not based on fullerene derivatives since fullerenes have a small band gap that limits the open‐circuit voltage (VOC), do not absorb strongly and are expensive. Here, a phenylimide‐based acceptor molecule, 4,7‐bis(4‐(N‐hexyl‐phthalimide)vinyl)benzo[c]1,2,5‐thiadiazole (HPI‐BT), that can be used to make solar cells with VOC values up to 1.11 V and power conversion efficiencies up to 3.7% with two thiophene polymers is demonstrated. An internal quantum efficiency of 56%, compared to 75–90% for polymer‐fullerene devices, results from less efficient separation of geminate charge pairs. While favorable energetic offsets in the polymer‐fullerene devices due to the formation of a disordered mixed phase are thought to improve charge separation, the low miscibility (<5 wt%) of HPI‐BT in polymers is hypothesized to prevent the mixed phase and energetic offsets from forming, thus reducing the driving force for charges to separate into the pure donor and acceptor phases where they can be collected.
Mesoporous TiO2 Beads Offer Improved Mass Transport for Cobalt‐Based Redox Couples Leading to High Efficiency Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Heiniger Leo‐Philipp , Giordano Fabrizio , Moehl Thomas , Grätzel Michael
Published: April 2014

Overcoming ionic diffusion limitations is essential for the development of high‐efficiency dye‐sensitized solar cells based on cobalt redox mediators. Here, improved mass transport is reported for photoanodes composed of mesoporous TiO2 beads of varying pore sizes and porosities in combination with the high extinction YD2‐o‐C8 porphyrin dye. Compared to a photoanode made of 20 nm‐sized TiO2 particles, electrolyte diffusion through these films is greatly improved due to the large interstitial pores between the TiO2 beads, resulting in up to 70% increase in diffusion‐limited current. Simultaneously, transient photocurrent measurements reveal no mass transport limitations for films of up to 10 μm thickness. In contrast, standard photoanodes made of 20 nm‐sized TiO2 particles show non‐linear behavior in photocurrent under 1 sun illumination for a film thickness as low as 7 μm. By including a transparent thin mesoporous TiO2 underlayer in order to reduce optical losses at the fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO)‐TiO2 interface, an efficiency of 11.4% under AM1.5G 1 sun illumination is achieved. The combination of high surface area, strong scattering behavior, and high porosity makes these mesoporous TiO2 beads particularly suitable for dye‐sensitized solar cells using bulky redox couples and/or viscous electrolytes.
Lenalidomide‐based maintenance therapy reduces TNF receptor 2 on CD4 T cells and enhances immune effector function in acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Govindaraj Chindu , Madondo Mutsa , Kong Ying Ying , Tan Peter , Wei Andrew , Plebanski Magdalena
Published: April 2014

A major limitation to improved outcomes in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is relapse resulting from leukemic cells that persist at clinical remission. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are increased in AML patients, can contribute to immune evasion by residual leukemic cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pro‐inflammatory cytokine present at high levels within patients, can induce TNF receptor‐2 (TNFR2) expression on Tregs. We hypothesized that since TNFR2 is required for Treg stabilization and TNFR2+ Tregs are potent suppressors, targeting TNFR2+ Tregs may restore the effectiveness of immune‐surveillance mechanisms. In this pilot study, we report AML patients in clinical remission have substantially increased levels of TNFR2+ T cells, including TNFR2+ Tregs and impaired effector CD4 T cell function with reduced IL‐2 and IFNγ production. The immunomodulatory drug, lenalidomide, and the demethylating agent, azacitidine have been moderately successful in treating AML patients, but their combined effects on TNFR2+ T cells, including Tregs are currently unknown. Our data indicates that although treatment with lenalidomide and azacitidine increased cytokine production by effector T cells in all patients, durable clinical remissions may be observed in patients with a concomitant reduction in TNFR2+ T cells and TNFR2+ Tregs. In vitro studies further demonstrated that lenalidomide can reduce TNFR2 expression and can augment effector cytokine production by T cells, which can be further enhanced by azacitidine. These results indicate that reduction of TNFR2+ T cells in AML postremission phase may result from combined azacitidine/lenalidomide therapy and may contribute to an improved clinical outcome. Am. J. Hematol. 89:795–802, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Construction workers working in musculoskeletal pain and engaging in leisure‐time physical activity: Findings from a mixed‐methods pilot study
Authors: Caban‐Martinez Alberto J. , Lowe Kincaid A. , Herrick Robert , Kenwood Christopher , Gagne Joshua J. , Becker Jamie F. , Schneider Scott P. , Dennerlein Jack T. , Sorensen Glorian
Published: April 2014

Background

While exercise has been shown to be beneficial for some musculoskeletal pain conditions, construction workers who are regularly burdened with musculoskeletal pain may engage less in leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) due to pain. In a small pilot study, we investigate how musculoskeletal pain may influence participation in LTPA among construction workers.

Methods

A sequential explanatory mixed‐methods design was employed using a jobsite‐based survey (n = 43) among workers at two commercial construction sites and one focus group (n = 5).

Results

Over 93% of these construction workers reported engaging in LTPA and 70% reported musculoskeletal pain. Fifty‐seven percent of workers who met either moderate or vigorous LTPA guidelines reported lower extremity pain (i.e., ankle, knee) compared with 21% of those who did not engage in either LTPA (P = 0.04). Focus group analyses indicate that workers felt they already get significant physical activity out of their job because they are “moving all the time and not sitting behind a desk.” Workers also felt they “have no choice but to work through pain and discomfort [as the worker] needs to do anything to get the job done.”

Conclusion

Pilot study findings suggest that construction workers not only engage in either moderate or vigorous LTPA despite musculoskeletal pain but workers in pain engage in more LTPA than construction workers without pain. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:819–825, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence and heritability of obsessive‐compulsive spectrum and anxiety disorder symptoms: A survey of the Australian Twin Registry
Authors: López‐Solà Clara , Fontenelle Leonardo F. , Alonso Pino , Cuadras Daniel , Foley Debra L. , Pantelis Christos , Pujol Jesus , Yücel Murat , Cardoner Narcís , Soriano‐Mas Carles , Menchón José M. , Harrison Ben J.
Published: April 2014

While past twin studies indicate moderate levels of heritability of “obsessive‐compulsive related” and anxiety disorder symptoms, no single study has reported such estimates in the same twin population nor examined potential genetic sex differences. We assessed symptoms of obsessive‐compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder, hypochondriasis, panic disorder, social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder in 2,495 adult twins (1,468 female). Prevalence estimates for the corresponding symptom measures were determined using empirically derived cut‐off scores. Twin resemblance was assessed by Pearson correlations and biometrical model‐fitting analyses, incorporating sex‐specific effects, using OpenMx. Prevalence estimates ranged from 1.6% in the symptoms of generalized anxiety to 16.9% for social phobia. Female twins demonstrated significantly higher prevalence rates across all domains with the exception of obsessive‐compulsive symptoms. Additive genetic factors accounted for a moderate proportion of the total liability to each symptom domain. Evidence suggesting qualitative genetic sex differences (i.e., distinct genetic influences between genders) was observed for body dysmorphic concern and panic symptoms, while quantitative differences were observed for hoarding and social phobia symptoms, indicating stronger heritability in females. Novel findings in this study include the observation of probable genetic sex differences in liability towards hoarding symptoms and dysmorphic concern, as well as the lack of such differences in hypochondriasis. The trend towards qualitative sex differences in panic symptoms has some intuitive appeal with regard to biological‐experimental models of panic. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sinonasal lymphoma: case series and review of the literature
Authors: Peng Kevin A. , Kita Ashley E. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Bhuta Sunita M. , Wang Marilene B.
Published: April 2014

Background

Sinonasal lymphoma is a rare rhinologic entity. We present a case series and review the literature surrounding the diagnosis and management of this disease.

Methods

A pathology database spanning 22 years at a tertiary care center was searched for a diagnosis of lymphoma in the paranasal sinuses or the nasal cavity. Seventeen cases were identified, and retrospective chart review was performed.

Results

Maxillary and ethmoid sinuses were affected more frequently (n = 8 patients each) than sphenoid and frontal sinuses (n = 5 patients each). Histologically, the most common type was diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (53%, 9 patients), followed by extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKL, 21%, 3 patients). Presenting symptoms included nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea (53%, 9 patients) and diplopia (18%, 3 patients); and radiographic imaging demonstrated a discrete mass (59%, 10 patients), sinus opacification (53%, 9 patients), and/or bony erosion (35%, 6 patients). Treatment included chemotherapy alone (71%, 12 patients), chemotherapy and radiation (6%, 1 patient), and radiation alone (6%, 1 patient). The 2‐year and 5‐year overall survival rates were 75% and 53%, respectively, whereas disease‐free 2‐year and 5‐year survival rates were 70% and 49%, respectively.

Conclusion

Lymphoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is extremely rare, may mimic benign processes, and may manifest either in an isolated fashion or in conjunction with systemic disease. B‐cell lymphomas, a more favorable diagnosis, account for a majority of cases, whereas ENKL is associated with rapid disease progression and death. Chemotherapy and radiation are the main therapies. Histologic diagnosis is of paramount importance, and clinicians must remain cognizant of this entity to differentiate it from other sinonasal malignancies.
Comparison of the utility of the Pentax Airway Scope (AWS) with that of the conventional Macintosh laryngoscope during chest compression: is the AWS an easy‐to‐use device for a novice?
Authors: Kotera Atsushi , Irie Hiroki , Iwashita Shinsuke , Taniguchi Junichi , Kasaoka Shunji , Kinoshita Yoshihiro
Published: April 2014

Aim

The Pentax Airway Scope occasionally contacts the arm of the chest compressor at insertion because of its large body. Here, we test the Airway Scope's ease of use compared to that of the conventional Macintosh laryngoscope during chest compression, when operated by a novice.

Methods

We recruited 73 participants into this simulation study. Each participant carried out tracheal intubation using the two devices without and with chest compression. We recorded the time to intubation and the success rate. All of the participants completed a brief questionnaire after finishing the attempts.

Results

Data are medians and ranges. The time to intubation (seconds) without and with chest compression were 11 (7–57) and 13 (7–90) by the Macintosh laryngoscope, respectively, and 14 (6–46) and 15 (6–69) by the Airway Scope, respectively. The difference in the time to intubation between the groups without and with chest compression was significant for the Macintosh laryngoscope (P = 0.0434) but not significant for the Airway Scope. The time to intubation in the Airway Scope attempts were slightly longer than those in the Macintosh laryngoscope attempts (not significant). The success rate using the Macintosh laryngoscope with chest compression was significantly lower than that without chest compression (92% versus 100%, P = 0.0124). The success rate using the Airway Scope was 100%, but an accident occurred in four attempts. The questionnaire revealed that 54 participants preferred the Airway Scope and 19 preferred the Macintosh laryngoscope.

Conclusion

The Pentax Airway Scope appears to be better than the Macintosh laryngoscope during chest compression if the operator is a novice. However, using the Airway Scope does not always reduce the time to intubation.
Organocatalytic Atroposelective Aldol Condensation: Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryls by Arene Formation
Authors: Link Achim , Sparr Christof
Published: April 2014

Axially chiral compounds are of significant importance in modern synthetic chemistry and particularly valuable in drug discovery and development. Nonetheless, current approaches for the preparation of pure atropisomers often prove tedious. We demonstrate here a synthetic method that efficiently transfers the stereochemical information of a secondary amine organocatalyst into the axial chirality of tri‐ortho‐substituted biaryls. An aromatic ring is formed during the dehydration step of the described aldol condensation cascade, leading to highly enantioenriched binaphthyl derivatives. The fundamental course of the reaction is related to the biosynthesis of aromatic polyketides.
Nonlinear rheological behavior of a novel oil displacing agent
Authors: Wu Shuyun , Han Peihui , Chen Guangyu , Yang Tingxu , Li Changqing , Xu Liping , Wang Nannan
Published: April 2014

In this work, the shear and elongational rheologies have been investigated for a newly developed oil displacing agent, polymeric surfactant‐PSf. It was found that the PSf solutions exhibited Newtonian, shear‐thinning, and shear‐thickening behavior, respectively, depending on the polymer concentration and shear rate, and Cox–Merz rule was not applicable to these systems. The first normal stress difference (N1) versus shear rate plots for PSf were complicated, which varied with the composition of the solutions. The uniaxial elongation in capillary breakup experimental results indicated that Exponential model could be used to fit the experimental data of the PSf solutions at lower polymer concentrations. In addition, it was found that PSf was more effective in improving shear viscosity than partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, but not in the case of elongational viscosity. The experimental results indicated that the microstructural mechanisms are responsible for the rheological behavior of the polymers. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40813.
Genetic diversity of the pan‐European freshwater mussel Anodonta anatina (Bivalvia: Unionoida) based on CO1: new phylogenetic insights and implications for conservation
Authors: Froufe Elsa , Sobral Carina , Teixeira Amílcar , Sousa Ronaldo , Varandas Simone , C. Aldridge David , Lopes‐Lima Manuel
Published: April 2014

The duck mussel, Anodonta anatina, has been described as abundant and widespread in Europe. However, it is listed as near threatened or threatened in several countries owing to severe declines in abundance and/or spatial distribution.

Despite its potential ecological importance and conservation status almost nothing is known regarding its genetic diversity.

As a preliminary analysis, variation within the cytochrome oxidase 1 mitochondrial gene was determined from European specimens from Portugal in the south west, to Ukraine in the east, and Sweden in the north.

Three major mtDNA clades were retrieved: clade 1 includes all the individuals from Iberia, except those from the Ebro basin; clade 2 includes all the European non‐Iberian and non‐Italian samples; and clade 3 includes all the individuals from Italy and from the Ebro basin. AMOVA analysis revealed significant genetic differences among the three clades. Within each of the major clades, several geographically related haplogroups were also retrieved, especially in Iberia, where four genetically distinct groups (North‐West, South‐Central, South‐West and Ebro) were revealed.

Given the evidence of regional declines of A. anatina in Europe, the confirmation of geographically distinct genotypes indicates a need for the development of management strategies directed towards the conservation of localized populations.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The demise of Darwin's fishes: evidence of fishing down and illegal shark finning in the Galápagos Islands
Authors: Schiller Laurenne , Alava Juan José , Grove Jack , Reck Günther , Pauly Daniel
Published: April 2014

The fauna of the Galápagos Island chain is characterized by high biodiversity and endemism. Thus, the conservation of its terrestrial and marine wildlife, including the sustainable management of local fisheries, is of paramount importance.

Although the commercial exploitation of fish in the Galápagos did not intensify until the mid‐1900s, issues of overexploitation and mismanagement are already of serious concern. However, to date, research on Galápagos fisheries has been largely species or island specific, and no long‐term cumulative catch statistics exist.

In this study, total landings associated with the industrial and artisanal fisheries of the Galápagos Islands were compiled and analysed in an effort to assess accurately the amount of seafood that has been extracted from this region over the last six decades.

The total catch for all sectors from 1950–2010 was 797 000 t, of which industrially caught tuna made up 80%.

The results also show a high degree of fishing down within the in‐shore ecosystem catch, whereby planktivorous mullets have replaced high trophic level groupers within the past three decades. This shift has coincided with the spatial expansion of the Galápagos fishing fleet to areas further off‐shore, where predatory species are not yet depleted.

In addition to legally caught and exported seafood, Galápagos waters are also prone to illegal fishing. Of primary concern are shark finning practices that have escalated in intensity since the 1980s. Despite attempts at mitigation, this ecologically destructive and wasteful practice continues to occur in the Galápagos Marine Reserve.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards a comprehensive model of the cognitive process and mechanisms of individual sensemaking
Authors: Zhang Pengyi , Soergel Dagobert
Published: April 2014

This review introduces a comprehensive model of the cognitive process and mechanisms of individual sensemaking to provide a theoretical basis for:

empirical studies that improve our understanding of the cognitive process and mechanisms of sensemaking and integration of results of such studies;

education in critical thinking and sensemaking skills;

the design of sensemaking assistant tools that support and guide users.

The paper reviews and extends existing sensemaking models with ideas from learning and cognition. It reviews literature on sensemaking models in human‐computer interaction (HCI), cognitive system engineering, organizational communication, and library and information sciences (LIS), learning theories, cognitive psychology, and task‐based information seeking. The model resulting from this synthesis moves to a stronger basis for explaining sensemaking behaviors and conceptual changes. The model illustrates the iterative processes of sensemaking, extends existing models that focus on activities by integrating cognitive mechanisms and the creation of instantiated structure elements of knowledge, and different types of conceptual change to show a complete picture of the cognitive processes of sensemaking. The processes and cognitive mechanisms identified provide better foundations for knowledge creation, organization, and sharing practices and a stronger basis for design of sensemaking assistant systems and tools.
New process for sustainable fuels and chemicals from bio‐based alcohols and acetone
Authors: Breitkreuz Klaas , Menne Andreas , Kraft Axel
Published: April 2014

Synthesizing complex and large molecules out of small molecules derived by fermentation processes is a key factor for future processes based on renewable resources. Promising steps are the self‐condensation of alcohols and the cross‐condensation of alcohols with acetone. The presented continuous heterogeneous‑catalytic gas‐phase process makes it possible to condense small alcohols and ketones to larger hydrocarbon molecules containing only one atom of oxygen per molecule. After an optional oxygen‐removing step such as hydrotreatment, fuel‐identical hydrocarbons including jet fuel can be obtained. A tailor‐made carbon chain distribution and additionally carbon‐chain branching can be achieved. The choice of raw materials, the process conditions and the recycling of intermediate products are tuning factors. The crude or partially distilled product can be used neat as drop‐in fuel for diesel. The intermediates – longer ketones, primary and secondary alcohols – also serve as value‐added raw materials and intermediates for many chemical applications, i.e. plasticizers, surfactants, alkenes, solvents, fatty alcohols, and lubricants. The presented process offers an attractive alternative to other competing processes producing long‐chain hydrocarbons, like Fischer‐Tropsch or hydrotreatment of fats and oils. Being based on inexpensive, long‐term stable and commercially available catalysts and designed for a wide range of possible raw materials optionally stemming from residues, the suggested route is ready for scale‐up. Future process development can be performed on data already gathered on a bench‐scale process allowing the production of 10 liters of purified product per week.
A novel dual‐flow bioreactor simulates increased fluorescein permeability in epithelial tissue barriers
Authors: Giusti Serena , Sbrana Tommaso , La Marca Margherita , Di Patria Valentina , Martinucci Valentina , Tirella Annalisa , Domenici Claudio , Ahluwalia Arti
Published: April 2014

Permeability studies across epithelial barriers are of primary importance in drug delivery as well as in toxicology. However, traditional in vitro models do not adequately mimic the dynamic environment of physiological barriers. Here, we describe a novel two‐chamber modular bioreactor for dynamic in vitro studies of epithelial cells. The fluid dynamic environment of the bioreactor was characterized using computational fluid dynamic models and measurements of pressure gradients for different combinations of flow rates in the apical and basal chambers. Cell culture experiments were then performed with fully differentiated Caco‐2 cells as a model of the intestinal epithelium, comparing the effect of media flow applied in the bioreactor with traditional static transwells. The flow increases barrier integrity and tight junction expression of Caco‐2 cells with respect to the static controls. Fluorescein permeability increased threefold in the dynamic system, indicating that the stimulus induced by flow increases transport across the barrier, closely mimicking the in vivo situation. The results are of interest for studying the influence of mechanical stimuli on cells, and underline the importance of developing more physiologically relevant in vitro tissue models. The bioreactor can be used to study drug delivery, chemical, or nanomaterial toxicity and to engineer barrier tissues.
Breivik – The Norwegian Terrorist Case
Authors: Syse Aslak
Published: April 2014

On July 22, 2011, there were two murderous attacks in Norway. Both assaults – the bombing of governmental buildings in Oslo City center and the lethal shooting down of young members of the Labour Party on an island – were planned and accomplished by a lone perpetrator. These episodes give rise to several interesting questions. What happened really, and how could it happen? Was the perpetrator sane or insane? What was the ideological background for the attacks?

It is unnecessary to discuss in any detail whether or not these acts should be categorized as terrorism. However, there is good reason to consider what these terror attacks imply for Norwegian society at large. What significance did the attacks have for Norwegian democracy, and did they have any impact on the 2013 parliamentary elections? What will be the future for the offender, both in the short term and in years to come? What will happen to the Norwegian insanity defense? These questions are addressed in this article. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The debate over eponyms
Authors: Fargen Kyle M. , Hoh Brian L.
Published: April 2014

Traditionally, important clinical or anatomic discoveries were labeled with the discoverer's name, to serve as both a means to recognize and reward the discoverer's contribution to the field but also because scientific names were often harder to remember and more difficult to communicate. Eponyms have been pervasive throughout anatomy and medicine over the last few centuries. Recently, some experts have argued that eponyms harbor significant limitations and have become antiquated. For instance, some eponyms fail to convey the characteristic findings associated with the disease or structure for which they are associated and eponyms are often times variable based on country and journal and in the grammatical form that is used. In fact, some individuals are going so far as to call for the removal of eponyms from published medical literature and medical textbooks going forward. In this article, we explore the arguments for and against the continued use of eponyms within medical education and practice, so that readers may understand both sides of the debate. Clin. Anat. 27:1137‐1140, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radial artery avulsion—A rare complication of transradial catheterization
Authors: Alkhouli Mohamad , Cohen Howard A , Bashir Riyaz
Published: April 2014

Transradial access is becoming the default mode of catheterization in a growing number of centers in the United States. The increasing utilization of transradial access has led to significant reduction in access site complications especially bleeding complications. We report a rare complication of transradial catheterization of radial artery avulsion, which was successfully treated in an endovascular fashion during the index procedure. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement program development: Recommendations for best practice
Authors: Hawkey Marian C. , Lauck Sandra B. , Perpetua Elizabeth M. , Fowler Jill , Schnell Susan , Speight Martina , Lisby Karen Holst , Webb John G. , Leon Martin B.
Published: April 2014

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an increasingly available therapy for the management of aortic stenosis in higher risk populations. Beyond addressing the procedural challenges, centers must attend to the unique requirements of developing TAVR programs from referral to follow‐up.

Aim

The aim of this article is to outline the recommendations for best practice for program development from centers with early and extensive experience.

Recommendations

The guideline‐recommended Heart Team approach requires interdisciplinary agreements, delineation of roles and responsibilities, and the development of the role of the TAVR Coordinator. To support appropriate case selection, the screening and evaluation must be organized in a comprehensive clinic visit. In addition to the multimodality imaging tests, the assessment of functional status and frailty is pivotal to the eligibility decision. Throughout the TAVR trajectory, careful attention must be afforded to the integration of geriatric best practices. Pre‐procedure care requires patient and family education to manage expectations and facilitate early discharge planning. Peri‐procedural care planning, including equipment requirements, monitoring protocols, and emergency intervention agreements, contributes to procedural success. The aims of post‐procedure care are to monitor the recovery, facilitate the rapid return to baseline status, and optimize length of stay. TAVR programs require data management strategies to facilitate and monitor program growth, support program evaluation, and meet the requirements for submission to national registries.

Conclusion

TAVR represents a paradigm shift in the management of structural heart disease. Programmatic success and patient outcomes depend on the development of a comprehensive and collaborative program tailored to TAVR. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Composition and Pretreatment Parameters on Activity and Stability of Cu–Al Catalysts for Water–Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Mane Rasika B. , Jeong Dae‐Woon , Malawadkar Atul V. , Roh Hyun‐Seog , Rode Chandrashekhar V.
Published: April 2014

We investigated various Cu species responsible for highly efficient Cu–Al oxide catalyst for the water–gas shift reaction (WGSR). The formation of various Cu species was achieved by systematically varying the Cu–Al composition in the coprecipitated mixed Cu–Al oxides. The Cu–Al composition of 70:30 (Cu–Al‐7) was the best for WGSR using the reformate gas composition. In addition, the Cu–Al‐7 catalyst reduced under 100 % H2, was relatively stable with time on stream of 100 h, at higher gas hourly space velocity of 36 201 h−1.The structural investigation of our coprecipitated catalysts with varying Cu–Al compositions revealed the formation of nonzero oxidation state copper and metallic Cu to be essential for the observed WGSR activity. In addition, the highest activity and stability of Cu–Al‐7 catalysts reduced under 100 % H2 at lower temperature was attributed to particle‐size stabilization and a lower extent of Cu aggregation by Cu2O and boehmite phases, respectively, along with the formation of various Cu species during the activation protocol for 12 h. Complete CO2 selectivity without methanation was observed for all the Cu–Al compositions irrespective of their pretreatment conditions.
Bifunctional Ag‐based catalyst for NOx reduction with E‐diesel fuel
Authors: Kim Pyung Soon , Cho Byong K. , Nam In‐Sik , Choung Jin Woo
Published: April 2014

The excellent low‐temperature deNOx performance of Ag/AlF3/Al2O3 by simulated E‐diesel fuel has been achieved, mainly due to the multiple roles of AlF3 impregnated onto Al2O3. It increases the formation of the highly dispersed Ag ions and the catalyst surface acidity as well as the formation of the reaction intermediates such as cyanides and isocyanates. A plausible process for the formation of the surface composition of Ag/AlF3/Al2O3 has been proposed by using the results from XPS and FTIR.
Fast Pirouetting Motion in a Pyridine Bisamine‐Containing Copper‐Complexed Rotaxane
Authors: Coronado Eugenio , Gaviña Pablo , Ponce Julia , Tatay Sergio
Published: April 2014

The present work reports the introduction of pyridine bisamine terdentate ligands in the structure of a pirouetting copper rotaxane. Rotaxane 2[PF6] constitutes the first example of the incorporation of imine‐based dynamic covalent chemistry in the synthesis of switchable copper‐complexed interlocked systems. In this rotaxane, the substitution of the classical terpyridine terdentate unit by a pyridine bisamine moiety has led to a significant stabilization of the pentacoordinated site. That fact has been evidenced by EPR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Regarding the tetracoordinated site, the congestion around the coordination sphere has been reduced to accelerate the typically slow reorganization of the CuII. Ethynyl‐3,8‐substitution on the axis phenanthroline along with the 2,9‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (dpp) present in the macrocycle afforded a very stable coordination environment for CuI, which is at the same time labile upon oxidation. In summary, the incorporation of a pyridine bisamine unit as a terdentate ligand and the optimization of the bidentate ligand of the axle not only has led to a simplification of the synthetic procedures, but it has also given rise to a bistable systems with an enhanced energetic separation between states and an acceleration of the reorganization processes. Thus far, rotaxane 2[PF6] presents the fastest switching cycle reported to date in copper‐interlocked dynamic systems.
CH Oxygenation and N‐Trifluoroacylation of Arylamines Under Metal‐Free Conditions: A Convenient Approach to 2‐Aminophenols and N‐Trifluoroacyl‐ortho‐aminophenols
Authors: Venkateswarlu Vunnam , Kumar K. A. Aravinda , Balgotra Shilpi , Reddy G. Lakshma , Srinivas M. , Vishwakarma Ram A. , Sawant Sanghapal D.
Published: April 2014

Direct ortho‐hydroxylation through CH oxygenation and N‐trifluoroacylation of anilines was achieved in a single step under metal‐free conditions by using a combination of TFA and oxone. The method allowed the formation of functionalised amino phenolic compounds such as ortho‐hydroxy‐N‐trifluoroacetanilides in good yields with broad substrate scope.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of REFe0.5Cr0.5O3 (RE: La, Tb, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu and Y) Perovskite.
Authors: Yuan Long , Huang Keke , Hou Changmin , Feng Wenchun , Wang Shan , Zhou Cuiping , Feng Shouhua
Published: April 2014

The title compounds are hydrothermally synthesized from solutions of Fe(NO3)3, CrCl3, Ln(NO3)3 (Ln: La, Tb, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu and Y), and KOH as a mineralizer (autoclave, 240 °C, 5 d) and characterized by powder XRD, SEM, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Barium Borate Fluorides ABa12(BO3)7F4 (A: Li and Na).
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li R. K.
Published: April 2014

Crystals of LiBa12(BO3)7F4 (I) and NaBa12(BO3)7F4 (II) are grown by spontaneous crystallization from a high‐temperature flux containing BaCO3:BaF2:H3BO3:Li2 CO3 (or NaF) in a ratio of 3:3:3:1 (Pt crucible, 970 °C, 12 h; controlled cooling).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Type of Orthoborates: ASr4La3(BO3)6 (A: Li, Na).
Authors: Zeng Q. D. , Li R. K.
Published: April 2014

Single crystals of LiSr4La3(BO3)6 (I) and NaSr4La3(BO3)6 (II) are obtained by spontaneous nucleation from Li2O (Na2O) /SrO/La2O3/B2O3/LiF(NaF) high‐temperature melts (Pt crucible, 900 °C; slow cooling).
ChemInform Abstract: Triniobium, Wells—Dawson‐Type Polyoxoanion, [(n‐C4H9)4N] 9P2W15Nb3O62: Improvements in the Synthesis, Its Reliability, the Purity of the Product, and the Detailed Synthetic Procedure.
Authors: Laxson William W. , Oezkar Saim , Finke Richard G.
Published: April 2014

A detailed reproducible synthesis procedure of high‐purity [Bu4N] 9P2W15Nb3O62 from Na12 [α‐P2W15O56]·56H2O is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly of {W2O4}2+: Syntheses and Structures of High‐Valent Tungsten Compounds.
Authors: Modec Barbara , Brencic Jurij V.
Published: April 2014

Green needle‐shaped crystals of compound (II) are obtained, which decompose on exposure to air.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral‐Zn(NTf2)2‐Complex‐Catalyzed Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Direct Conjugate Addition of Arylacetonitriles to Alkylidene Malonates.
Authors: Yao Jingjing , Liu Xiaohua , He Peng , Zhu Yin , Lian Xiangjin , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: April 2014

Chiral N,N′‐dioxide/Zn(NTf2)2 complexes are demonstrated to be highly effective in the direct asymmetric conjugate addition of arylacetonitriles to alkylidene malonates under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt Precursors for High‐Throughput Discovery of Base Metal Asymmetric Alkene Hydrogenation Catalysts.
Authors: Friedfeld Max R. , Shevlin Michael , Hoyt Jordan M. , Krska Shane W. , Tudge Matthew T. , Chirik Paul J.
Published: April 2014

The rapid evaluation of libraries of chiral phosphine ligands with a set of simple cobalt precursors is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Deoxycholic Acid‐Derived Biaryl Phosphites as Versatile and Enantioselective Ligands in the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Jumde Varsha R. , Iuliano Anna
Published: April 2014

A highly enantioselective conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to nitroalkenes is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic‐Carbene‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Hydroxamic Esters.
Authors: Song Xiaoxiao , Ni Qijian , Grossmann Andre , Enders Dieter
Published: April 2014

The NHC‐catalyzed reaction between aromatic/aliphatic aldehydes, nitrosobenzenes, and enals proceeds through an aza‐benzoin‐type transformation and an internal redox esterification to afford hydroxamic esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Stereochemically Defined Tetrasubstituted Enolborinates by 1,4‐Hydroboration of α,β‐Unsaturated Morpholine Carboxamides with (Diisopinocampheyl)borane.
Authors: Allais Christophe , Tsai Andy S. , Nuhant Philippe , Roush William R.
Published: April 2014

The aldol reaction of stereodefined tetrasubstituted enolborinates, derived from the reaction of α,β‐unsaturated carboxamides with enantiopure diisopinocampheylborane, with aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Heck Coupling of Allylic Amines with 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl (TEMPO) as Oxidant for the Preparation of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes.
Authors: He Zhiheng , Wibbeling Birgit , Studer Armido
Published: April 2014

Moreover, the corresponding tetrasubstituted alkenes are obtained with complete E‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Oxide as a Traceless Oxidizing Directing Group: Mild Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Olefination for the Synthesis of ortho‐Alkenylated Tertiary Anilines.
Authors: Huang Xiaolei , Huang Jingsheng , Du Chenglong , Zhang Xingyi , Song Feijie , You Jingsong
Published: April 2014

A novel strategy based on N‐oxide substituents as traceless directing groups is developed to achieve selective ortho C—H functionalization of N,N‐dialkylated anilines.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoscale Fe2O3‐Based Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes to Anilines.
Authors: Beller Matthias , et al. et al.
Published: April 2014

Pyrolysis of iron‐phenanthroline complexes on carbon furnishes a unique structure in which the active Fe2O3 particles are surrounded by a nitrogen‐doped carbon layer.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Synthesis of Aryl Ethers in Water.
Authors: Lindstedt Erik , Ghosh Raju , Olofsson Berit
Published: April 2014

Diaryliodonium triflates allow the arylation of various alcohols to give the corresponding aryl ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine Catalyzed Three‐Component Synthesis of β‐Amino‐β‐keto‐esters and Their Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Kataki Dolly , Bhattacharyya Pranabananda , Deka Manab , Jha Dhruba Kumar , Phukan Prodeep
Published: April 2014

New compounds (IVb) and (IVc) show good antimicrobial activities against all the tested bacterial and fungal pathogens, however, their activities are not on par with the standard antimicrobial agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenyl Hydrazine as Initiator for Direct Arene C—H Arylation via Base Promoted Homolytic Aromatic Substitution.
Authors: Dewanji Abhishek , Murarka Sandip , Curran Dennis P. , Studer Armido
Published: April 2014

It is demonstrated that phenylhydrazine is a cheap initiator for the direct arylation of unactivated arenes with diverse aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Ag‐Promoted Azido‐Carbocyclization of Activated Alkenes via C—H Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Yuan Yizhi , Shen Tao , Wang Kui , Jiao Ning
Published: April 2014

An efficient silver‐promoted azido‐carbocyclization of activated alkenes leading to azido oxindoles is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Accelerated Pd‐Catalyzed Desulfitative Direct C2‐Arylation of Free (NH)‐Indoles with Arylsulfinic Acids.
Authors: Miao Tao , Li Pinhua , Wang Guan‐Wu , Wang Lei
Published: April 2014

The selective direct C2‐arylation of indoles with arylsulfinic acids proceeds through a microwave‐accelerated palladium‐catalyzed desulfitation reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Free Regioselective C‐3 Amidation of Indoles with N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide.
Authors: Liu Hai‐Hong , Wang Yi , Deng Guojun , Yang Luo
Published: April 2014

A direct transition metal‐free regioselective C‐3 amidation of electron‐deficient indoles is developed with commercially available N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) as the nitrogen source.
ChemInform Abstract: A Diastereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized 3‐Pyrazolidinones from Hydrazines, Aromatic Aldehydes, and Acylketene.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Bayat Mohammad J. , Skoulika Stavroula
Published: April 2014

Acylketene, generated in situ from 1,3‐dioxinone (I) reacts with phenylhydrazine and aromatic aldehydes to give pyrazolidinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Tungstate Sulfuric Acid (TSA): A Green and Highly Efficient Catalyst for Novel and Known Polysubstituted Imidazoles Synthesis
Authors: Karami Bahador , Eskandari Khalil , Azizi Mahboobeh
Published: April 2014

via multicomponent reactions
ChemInform Abstract: A Photoreducible Copper(II)‐Tren Complex of Practical Value: Generation of a Highly Reactive Click Catalyst.
Authors: Harmand Lydie , Lambert Romain , Scarpantonio Luca , McClenaghan Nathan D. , Lastecoueres Dominique , Vincent Jean‐Marc
Published: April 2014

A detailed study on the photoreduction of a copper(II) precatalyst to generate a highly reactive cuprous species for the copper(I)‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: An Iron/Amine‐Catalyzed Cascade Process for the Enantioselective Functionalization of Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Quintard Adrien , Constantieux Thierry , Rodriguez Jean
Published: April 2014

A novel bicatalytic system consisting of an in situ generated Fe‐complex, obtained by CO‐decoordination with Me3NO, and L‐diphenylsilylprolinol allows the transformation of allylic alcohols into β‐chiral alcohols with high enantioselectivities (up to 90% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Mediated Addition of Diethyl Bromomalonate to Alkynes for the Cascade Reaction Towards Polysubstituted Pyranones and Tetracarbonyl Derivatives.
Authors: Miersch Anne , Harms Klaus , Hilt Gerhard
Published: April 2014

In case of the aryl substituted products (IVb) and (IVc) partial migration of the double bond towards the Knoevenagel product occurs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiinflammatory Activity of Novel Furochromenes.
Authors: Malnar Ivica , et al. et al.
Published: April 2014

New furochromenes are synthesized from 4‐hydroxycoumarin derivatives and evaluated for their antiinflammatory activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective α‐Arylation of Coumarins via Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Activation/Desulfitative Coupling.
Authors: Jafarpour Farnaz , Olia Mina Barzegar Amiri , Hazrati Hamideh
Published: April 2014

A novel regioselective α‐arylation of coumarins with readily available arenesulfonyl chlorides via palladium‐catalyzed direct C—H functionalization under mild reaction conditions is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Synthesis of 3‐Allyl‐chromones from Alkynones and Allylic Alcohols under Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Wang Xuesong , Cheng Guolin , Cui Xiuling
Published: April 2014

21 Variously substituted 3‐allyl‐chromones are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkylation of β‐Keto Esters with Xanthydrols.
Authors: Trillo Paz , Baeza Alejandro , Najera Carmen
Published: April 2014

The novel green process produces water as the only by‐product and is applied to a wide range of keto esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial, Antiinflammatory and Psychotropic Activity of New N‐[1,3‐(Benzo)thiazol‐2‐yl]‐ω‐ [3,4‐dihydroisoquinolin‐2(1H)‐yl]alkanamides.
Authors: Zablotskaya Alla , Segal Izolda , Geronikaki Athina , Eremkina Tatiana , Belyakov Sergey , Petrova Marina , Shestakova Irina , Zvejniece Liga , Nikolajeva Vizma
Published: April 2014

9 Title compounds of type (III) are prepared and tested for their anti‐inflammatory and psychotropic activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of cis or trans 4‐Heteroaromatic Substituted Furano and Pyrano[3,2‐c]tetrahydroquinolines by One‐Pot Imino Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: He Gu , et al. et al.
Published: April 2014

A mild and efficient method for the synthesis of a wide range of different substituted quinoline derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Indoloquinolizidines via Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation/Lactamization of Imino Diesters.
Authors: Liu Yong , Wang Qun , Zhang Ying , Huang Jianbiao , Nie Linlin , Chen Jie , Cao Weiguo , Wu Xiaoyu
Published: April 2014

The application of this method is demonstrated by total syntheses of natural alkaloids isogeissoschizol (V), geissoschizol (VI), and dihydrocorynantheol (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted [3 + 2] Cycloaddition and Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling for a Concise Access to Polyaromatic Scaffolds.
Authors: Hedou Damien , Deau Emmanuel , Dubouilh‐Benard Carole , Sanselme Morgane , Martinet Anthony , Chosson Elizabeth , Levacher Vincent , Besson Thierry
Published: April 2014

Under these conditions a number of novel pyridopyrimidinone and quinazolinone derivatives can be prepared rapidly.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticancer Potential of Benzothiazole Linked Phenylpyridopyrimidinones and Their Diones as Mitochondrial Apoptotic Inducers.
Authors: Kamal Aehmed , Ashraf Md. , Vardhan M. V. P. S. Vishnu , Faazil Shaikh , Nayak V. Lakshma
Published: April 2014

Among the new compounds (III) and related diones (V), compound (IIIb) shows significant cytotoxicity against human cervical cancer cell line ME‐180.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 7‐Substituted Pyrido[2′,3′:4,5]furo[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐amines (VII) and Their N‐Aryl Analogues (IX) and Evaluation of Their Inhibitory Activity Against Ser/Thr Kinases.
Authors: Deau Emmanuel , Loidreau Yvonnick , Marchand Pascal , Nourrisson Marie‐Renee , Loaec Nadege , Meijer Laurent , Levacher Vincent , Besson Thierry
Published: April 2014

Among the compounds synthesized derivative (VIIb) shows the best inhibitory activity and appears to be specific to CLK1 among the panel of the tested kinases.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective NHC‐Catalyzed [4 + 3] Annulation of Enals, Aldehydes and N‐Phenyl Urea/Thiourea for the Synthesis of Monocyclic trans‐1,3‐Diazepanes.
Authors: Siddiqui Ibadur R. , Srivastava Anjali , Shamim Shayna , Srivastava Arjita , Shireen Shireen , Waseem Malik A. , Singh Rana K. P.
Published: April 2014

Under optimized conditions, the simple one‐pot process affords trans‐1,3‐diazepines of potential pharmaceutical interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific N‐Heteroarylation of Amidines for Full‐Color‐Tunable Boron Difluoride Dyes with Mechanochromic Luminescence.
Authors: You Jingsong , et al. et al.
Published: April 2014

Various boron difluoride dyes are synthesized through a one‐pot procedure consisting of a catalytic N‐heteroarylation followed by complexation with boron trifluoride (15 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—H Activation/Cyclization for the Synthesis of Phosphaisocoumarins and Phosphorous 2‐Pyrones.
Authors: Park Youngchul , Seo Jungmin , Park Sangjune , Yoo Eun Jeong , Lee Phil Ho
Published: April 2014

Rhodium‐catalyzed cyclizations of phosphinic acids and phosphonic monoesters with alkynes are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Hetero‐Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction of Phosphites: A Catalytic Metal‐Free Phosphorylation of Amines and Alcohols.
Authors: Dhineshkumar Jayaraman , Prabhu Kandikere Ramaiah
Published: April 2014

A convenient synthesis of phosphoramidates and phosphorous triesters is achieved via iodine catalyzed coupling of phosphites with amines, alcohols, and sulfoxime (VII), in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Trinorditerpenes from the Roots of Flueggea virosa
Authors: Chao Chih‐Hua , Cheng Ju‐Chien , Hwang Tsong‐Long , Shen De‐Yang , Wu Tian‐Shung
Published: April 2014

isolation and structure elucidation flueggrenes A (I) and B (II), two novel trinorditerpenes with anti‐HCV activity