bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Une littérature moyenne
Authors: Tommek Heribert
Published: April 2015

À l’instar de la production culturelle en général, le champ littéraire allemand connaît des transformations majeures depuis les années 1960. Les interactions entre le sous-champ de la production restreinte et celui de la grande production y sont fréquentes. Il convient donc d’analyser cet espace intermédiaire dans lequel les valeurs esthétiques internes au champ, les fonctions de divertissement et les critères de réussite économique s’hybrident. En prenant l’exemple du champ littéraire allemand et de son évolution depuis les années 1990, nous nous proposons ainsi de mettre en évidence une nouvelle dynamique régie par une logique horizontale qui mêle capital culturel et capital économique ; nous introduisons à cette fin le concept de « littérature moyenne » par référence au concept d’« art moyen » défini par Pierre Bourdieu. On peut, en effet, établir un parallèle entre la photographie des années 1960 et la littérature actuelle : elle oscille entre forme et fonction. Son caractère transmissible et reproductible la démarque de l’art issu de la haute culture. Mais elle se distingue également de la littérature populaire ?
La prise en charge neurosensorielle des nouveau-nés prématurés en néonatologie : où en sommes-nous aujourd’hui ?
Authors: Casper Charlotte , Lescure Sandra , Prout Céline , Pierrat Véronique , Glorieux Isabelle , Kuhn Pierre
Published: April 2015

La réanimation et les soins intensifs de néonatologie reflètent les grandes avancées technologiques de ce domaine depuis quelques décennies. Cet environnement hautement technique peut être perturbant pour le nouveau-né prématuré (procédure de soins, luminosité, volume sonore). Des données de recherche en neurosciences ont montré l’importance de l’environnement dans le développement d’un cerveau immature. Il existe une rupture entre les attentes sensorielles d’un nouveau-né et les stimulations atypiques auxquelles il est exposé dans son environnement nosocomial postnatal. Un nouveau-né, même prématuré, est capable d’interagir avec l’environnement et ses parents. L’architecture, le matériel de réanimation, les produits utilisés, les stratégies et l’organisation des soins courants peuvent l’affecter et perturber son développement. À l’inverse, des aménagements de l’environnement, des stratégies adaptées aux capacités sensorielles de l’enfant peuvent favoriser son bien-être physiologique et comportemental et ainsi favoriser son développement. Cette nouvelle approche est actuellement de plus en plus intégrée dans les pratiques cliniques afin d’optimiser l’environnement du nouveau-né prématuré.
L’éducation gnoso-praxique orale précoce au sein de l’accompagnement orthophonique chez le jeune enfant né prématuré
Authors: Thibault Catherine
Published: April 2015

Face aux troubles de succion-déglutition des prématurés et aux troubles du comportement alimentaire qui en découlent, les acteurs de la petite enfance prennent conscience du rôle de l’orthophoniste au sein de l’équipe pluridisciplinaire. Il exerce un rôle majeur dans le domaine de la prévention de la dysoralité et des troubles de la communication et plus particulièrement dans la prise en charge des stimulations oro-faciales chez l’enfant né prématuré, en partenariat avec les autres thérapeutes. Soulignons l’importance de faire le lien entre l’oralité alimentaire et l’oralité verbale dans une prise en charge globale autour de l’axe œil/langue/main.
Lenguajes híbridos y reestructuración política en las áreas sacras de la Contestania central durante el siglo III a.C.
Authors: García Cardiel Jorge
Published: April 2015

Les espaces sacrés du sud-est ibérique avaient déjà été touchés par l’influence punique lorsque les armées carthaginoises y sont arrivées. Au cours de la deuxième moitié du III e siècle avant J.-C., l’administration barcide chamboule les structures politiques de la région mais, contrairement à ce que l’on croit, elle en transforme, donc, à peine les paysages symboliques. À son tour, la conquête romaine interviendra et renversera l’ordre précédent aussi bien sur le plan symbolique, que sur ceux de la politique et de la religion. L’analyse de tous ces changements permettra de documenter des exemples intéressants d’hybridation culturelle, de rentabilisation de l’univers symbolique à des fins politiques, d’aménagement et de réaménagement de paysages culturels de la Contestania.
Le repas du nourrisson dans tous ses états
Authors: Cascales Thomas
Published: April 2015

Le repas est un temps de partage à la fois de la nourriture mais aussi des affects présents dans la relation nourrisson-parents. Ce partage, a priori ordinaire par sa récurrence et son ancrage dans le quotidien, peut être perturbé considérablement par un certain nombre de paramètres. De plus, ce qui est apparent dans la relation parents-adolescent est moins visible dans la relation entre un nourrisson et ses parents. Pour cette raison, les mouvements parentaux agressifs (au niveau intersubjectif et intrapsychique) durant les repas peuvent avoir des répercussions préjudiciables sur les acquisitions du rythme faim/satiété dont une partie du développement du nourrisson va dépendre. L’article s’intéresse également au lien entre l’éveil de l’appétit chez le nourrisson et le plaisir de manger chez les parents.
« Sésame ouvre-toi... » ou Comment créer des espaces d’expression en pédopsychiatrie
Authors: Rajablat Marie , de Truchis-Ramière Vésiane
Published: April 2015

Une équipe pédopsychiatrique propose ici un conte, présenté en juin 2013 lors des 28 e Journées de Saint-Alban consacrées à la psychothérapie institutionnelle. Les acteurs de ce récit sont des soignants qui ont comme intérêt commun le « soin de l’être » des enfants et des adolescents qu’ils accueillent. Et c’est au cœur du quotidien qu’ils tentent avec délicatesse, chacun à sa façon, d’amener l’enfant ou l’adolescent à reconnaître autrui sans qu’il se sente menacé dans sa propre existence. Ainsi, tour à tour, les infirmières deviennent pour un temps « tisseuses » ou « conteuses », l’aide médico-psychologique devient une « tricoteuse », l’aide-soignant, « un géant », le psychomotricien, « un troubadour » et la psychologue, « une penseuse ou panseuse ».
L’entrée des jeunes dans la vie religieuse
Authors: Bianchi Fr. Enzo
Published: April 2015

Nombreuses sont les causes du déclin des vocations à la vie religieuse en Europe de l’Ouest. La communauté religieuse a à s’interroger sur la qualité de sa vie en communauté, ainsi que sur sa radicalité dans la suite du Christ. La communauté religieuse est un lieu où l’on veille sur la question du sens, en se mettant à l’écoute de la Parole de Dieu et à l’école de la liturgie. La meilleure pastorale des vocations est celle que déploie une communauté chrétienne lorsqu’elle vit l’essentiel de la foi.
Online Learning in Illinois High Schools
Authors: Picciano Anthony G. , Seaman Jeff , Day Scott L.
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the role that online learning plays in addressing the thoughts, concerns, and issues facing Illinois high school principals. Data were collected from a sample of high school principals who were members of the Illinois Principals Association with respect to the extent, nature, and reasons for participating in online learning programs. An important aspect of this study was to compare the findings in Illinois to those collected from a national sample of high school principals. It concludes that online learning and blended learning are making inroads into the high schools in Illinois comparably to those in other parts of the country. The results of this study indicate that online and blended learning are becoming integral to a number of high school reform efforts, especially with regard to improving graduation rates, credit recovery, building connections for students to their future college careers, and differentiating instruction.
Fantasy Workshop
Authors: Haugdal Marit Grande , Sundfaer Hilde
Published: April 2015

Fantasy Workshop is a project focused on the active use of a Learning Management System (LMS), itslearning, in teaching and learning in a K-12 blended environment. As teachers in this study, the authors used an LMS as a learning platform in their 6th grade literature class. The focus for the class was creative writing and learning about Fantasy, a fiction genre. The aim of the project was to enable all students, not only those students who love to read and write, to learn about the Fantasy genre in a way that would build on their previous knowledge and interests. In addition, the project was aimed at facilitating students' writing processes in such a way that was meaningful and motivating for all students. Most importantly, as teachers, the authors used this project to establish an effective blended environment that worked for teaching and learning in the 6th grade classroom.
Internet-Based Technology Use in Second Language Learning
Authors: Guan Shuyi
Published: April 2015

Ever since computer technologies were accessible to second language learners and teachers, various types of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) have been harnessed in the service of teaching languages. Most recently, the advent of online technologies has sparked CALL practitioners to integrate this powerful form of teaching and learning into language education. This paper synthesizes the extant research on these online language education activities and the state of current understanding regarding the potential of Internet-based teaching and learning second languages. The results of analyzing extensive studies of Internet-based second language learning reveals that Internet-based technology has been widely used in second language learning. In addition, Internet-based technologies are effective instructional tools for second language learning and teaching.
Moving Beyond a Focus on Delivery Modes to Teaching Pedagogy
Authors: Estes Judi Simmons
Published: April 2015

The use of online methodologies to deliver coursework has become institutionalized in higher education. There is an urgent need to move beyond the question of which delivery model is most effective: face-to-face, fully online, or blended, and switch the focus to teaching pedagogy and strategies that effectively engage students in the learning process. This chapter posits that student-learning outcomes are less dependent on delivery mode and instead dependent on a teacher's pedagogical practices; it is the skill of the teacher as facilitator that drives the effective development of the learning community and influences student-learning outcomes. Further, it is suggested that constructivism, as a pedagogy of teaching, be considered, regardless of delivery mode; students construct their own knowledge as the teacher facilitates the process through providing opportunities for active engagement and critical inquiry within a community of learners. Teaching opportunities are adapted in response to the needs of students with technology as a tool to deliver learning outcomes.
Introducing a Teaching Innovation to Enhance Students' Analytical and Research Skills
Authors: Miniaoui Hela , Kaur Avneet
Published: April 2015

The term “blended learning” has gained considerable interest in recent years as a description of particular forms of teaching combined with technology. This chapter reports in some detail the experience of a small group of undergraduate learners as they progress through their Bachelor course at University of Wollongong in Dubai (UOWD) in the United Arab Emirates. In particular, this study looks at discussion forum approach as a blended learning initiative and what that entails to the learners in terms of making the subject more interactive and enhancing students' analytical and research skills. From the findings, a conclusion has been drawn regarding the role of the Blackboard tool in learning by helping students to obtain a deep sense of understanding of how to operate in a virtual team despite the challenges.
Blended Learning Methods in Introduction to Teaching and Sociology of Education Courses at a University of Education
Authors: Ololube Nwachukwu Prince
Published: April 2015

In recent years, the use of the Blended Learning (BL) methods has experienced worldwide uptake and is responsible for enormous changes, not only in developed country education, but in developing country education, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. Given the role that blended learning can play in educational development, educational institutions, students, employers, and governments are increasingly urged to examine the economic, demographic, and technological environments of the present so as to ensure comprehensive preparedness for the future. This study employs a questionnaire for data gathering and results are analysed quantitatively. The findings reveal a significant improvement in the use of blended learning methods to achieve effective academic performance in students. The impact of blended learning in the educational sector is thus evidenced in the changing instructional pedagogies that lead to more interactive learning processes.
21st Century Distance Learning in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kumi-Yeboah Alex , Young William H. , Boadu Kankam
Published: April 2015

Distance education in Ghana is rapidly gaining recognition as a result of the increasing demand for higher education by qualified applicants, most of whom are denied admission due to the limited space and resources. Distance education promotes cross-national, multi-disciplinary perspectives in educational practice and equips students, faculty, and administrators with resources to compete in the academic world of the 21st century. Universities in Ghana have opted for distance learning as an alternative measure to reduce congestion and help remedy student admissions to the few universities available (Dzisah, 2006). However, little is known about the trend of distance and blended learning education in Ghana. This chapter addresses the trend of distance learning and university education; distance and blended learning in Ghana; information on African Virtual University and distance education, benefits, challenges, recommended strategies of distance and blended learning programs in Ghana; and a conclusion.
Case Study of a Hybrid Undergraduate Elementary Certification Program
Authors: Popa Carmen , Laurian Simona , Bochis Laura , Fitzgerald Carlton J. , Birle Delia , Bonchis Elena
Published: April 2015

The goal of this study was to assist instructors and leadership of a hybrid weekend pre-service teacher education program at the University of Oradea to improve their effectiveness with students. Specifically, this study sought to gather and analyze data from three program constituents: students, instructors, and program leadership. The preschool and primary weekend education program at the University of Oradea was developed to be suitable for students who for various reasons cannot attend the traditional day classes. In 2011, the weekend program was changed into a hybrid program in an effort to more directly meet the needs of the student population. In order to more effectively meet the needs of the students, it became obvious that the pedagogy and structure of the program needed refinement. The data gathered in this study allowed the research team to develop recommendations for program, pedagogical, and textbook improvements.
Blended Learning and Digital Curation
Authors: Ostashewski Nathaniel , Martin Romana , Brennan Andrew
Published: April 2015

This chapter presents a case of successful integration of digital curation in a repeating series of blended classroom activities. Digital curation, in education, can be understood as the collection, organization, interpretation, summary, and sharing of online resources by learners on a topic of inquiry. This research reports on a blended digital curation learning design integrated into a third-year university course. A digital curation activity sequence development process and the classroom activity structure form the basis of the educational implementation presented here. In theory, digital curation activities can support the sharing of collected resources between learners. In practice, digital curation learning activities in higher education can also support blended and flipped classroom engagement models while providing opportunities for the development of critical thinking skills. The chapter describes the activities, the learning design, and the outcomes of a digital curation activity sequence. This provides other educators with a learning design roadmap for engaging students in pre-lecture activities or blended learning that adds value to classroom lectures.
E-Learning Training Courses on Multicultural Education
Authors: Dimitriadou Catherine , Palaiologou Nektaria , Nari Eirini
Published: April 2015

The implementation of the blended learning model is one of the most flexible and effective ways to organize teacher training courses since it combines contact learning and distance learning. Furthermore, differentiated instruction is the solution of Modern Didactics to the teachers' needs concerning their response to the challenges of the multicultural school. In this chapter, a teacher training seminar combining cultural diversity issues with e-learning methods is presented. The participant teachers were asked to use posters illustrating human and citizenship rights issues in order to create teaching scenarios promoting Multicultural Education. Thus, they were expected both to meet the challenges of differentiated instruction and to be familiar with e-learning approaches. The study points out the significance of the practice of education when developed within e-learning environments, a method which enables the production of collective practice-based knowledge. The authors' main aim is to highlight the importance of the usage of media tools in an e-learning training course.
Multicultural Considerations for Curriculum Developers of Online Courses
Authors: Sargent Beth , Gautreau Cynthia , Stang Kristin
Published: April 2015

Grounded in the dimensional model of national culture, the purpose of this literature review was to investigate (a) the cultural impact of globalization on online instruction (in particular Eastern and Western beliefs and values), (b) the knowledge needed by curriculum developers (i.e., instructional designers and online instructors) to create multicultural appropriate content, (c) the identification of appropriate design strategies to promote cultural inclusion; and (d) cultural and functional priorities in the global workplace. Findings from the review of pertinent literature were used to create six guidelines appropriate for curriculum developers who design content for multicultural audiences. These guidelines are intended for online curriculum developers as they design coursework using multicultural design strategies.
Defining the Survival Benchmark for Breast Cancer Patients with Systemic Relapse
Authors: Zeichner Simon B. , Ambros Tadeu , Zaravinos John , Montero Alberto J. , Mahtani Reshma L. , Ahn Eugene R. , Mani Aruna , Markward Nathan J. , Vogel Charles L.
Published: April 2015

Background

Our original paper, published in 1992, reported a median overall survival after first relapse in breast cancer of 26 months. The current retrospective review concentrates more specifically on patients with first systemic relapse, recognizing that subsets of patients with local recurrence are potentially curable.

Methods

Records of 5,168 patients from a largely breast-cancer-specific oncology practice were reviewed to identify breast cancer patients with their first relapse between 1996 and 2006 after primary treatment. There were 189 patients diagnosed with metastatic disease within 2 months of being seen by our therapeutic team and 101 patients diagnosed with metastatic disease greater than 2 months. The patients were divided in order to account for lead-time bias than could potentially confound the analysis of the latter 101 patients.

Results

Median survival for our primary study population of 189 patients was 33 months. As expected, the median survival from first systemic relapse (MSFSR) for the 101 patients excluded because of the potential for lead-time bias was better at 46 months. Factors influencing prognosis included estrogen receptor (ER) status, disease-free interval (DFI), and dominant site of metastasis. Compared with our original series, even with elimination of local-regional recurrences in our present series, the median survival from first relapse has improved by 7 months over the past two decades.

Conclusion

The new benchmark for MSFSR approaches 3 years.
Lipschitz equivalence of self-similar sets and hyperbolic boundaries II
Authors: Deng Guo-Tai , Lau Ka-Sing , Luo Jun Jason
Published: April 2015

In [13], two of the authors gave a study of Lipschitz equivalence of self-similar sets through the augmented trees, a class of hyperbolic graphs introduced by Kaimanovich in [9] and developed by Lau and Wang [10]. In this paper, we continue such investigation. We remove a major assumption in the main theorem in [13] by using a new notion of quasi-rearrangeable matrix, and show that the hyperbolic boundary of any simple augmented tree is Lipschitz equivalent to a Cantor-type set. We then apply this result to consider the Lipschitz equivalence of certain totally disconnected self-similar sets as well as their unions.
Approximation using hidden variable fractal interpolation function
Authors: Chand Arya K.B. , Katiyar Saurabh K. , Viswanathan Puthan V.
Published: April 2015

The notion of hidden variable fractal interpolation provides a method to approximate functions that are self-referential or non-self-referential, and consequently allows great flexibility and diversity for the fractal modeling problem. The current article intends to apply hidden variable fractal interpolation to associate a class of

\mathbb R^2

-valued continuous fractal functions with a prescribed continuous function. Suitable values of the parameters are identified so that the fractal functions retain positivity and regularity of the germ function. As an application of the developed theory, we obtain positive

\mathcal C^1

-cubic spline hidden variable fractal interpolation functions corresponding to a prescribed set of positive data, thus initiating a new approach to shape preserving approximation via hidden variable fractal function. Depending on the values of the parameters, these positive interpolants can reflect the self-referentiality or non-self-referentiality of the original data defining function and fractality of its derivative. Therefore, the present scheme outperforms the traditional nonrecursive positivity preserving

\mathcal C^1

-cubic spline interpolation scheme and its fractal extension studied recently in the literature.
Radiative forcing and climate metrics for ozone precursor emissions: the impact of multi-model averaging
Authors: MacIntosh C. R. , Shine K. P. , Collins W. J.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Multi-model ensembles are frequently used to assess understanding of the response of ozone and methane lifetime to changes in emissions of ozone precursors such as NOx, VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and CO. When these ozone changes are used to calculate radiative forcing (RF) (and climate metrics such as the global warming potential (GWP) and global temperature-change potential (GTP)) there is a methodological choice, determined partly by the available computing resources, as to whether the mean ozone (and methane) concentration changes are input to the radiation code, or whether each model's ozone and methane changes are used as input, with the average RF computed from the individual model RFs. We use data from the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution source–receptor global chemical transport model ensemble to assess the impact of this choice for emission changes in four regions (East Asia, Europe, North America and South Asia). We conclude that using the multi-model mean ozone and methane responses is accurate for calculating the mean RF, with differences up to 0.6% for CO, 0.7% for VOCs and 2% for NOx. Differences of up to 60% for NOx 7% for VOCs and 3% for CO are introduced into the 20 year GWP. The differences for the 20 year GTP are smaller than for the GWP for NOx, and similar for the other species. However, estimates of the standard deviation calculated from the ensemble-mean input fields (where the standard deviation at each point on the model grid is added to or subtracted from the mean field) are almost always substantially larger in RF, GWP and GTP metrics than the true standard deviation, and can be larger than the model range for short-lived ozone RF, and for the 20 and 100 year GWP and 100 year GTP. The order of averaging has most impact on the metrics for NOx, as the net values for these quantities is the residual of the sum of terms of opposing signs. For example, the standard deviation for the 20 year GWP is 2–3 times larger using the ensemble-mean fields than using the individual models to calculate the RF. The source of this effect is largely due to the construction of the input ozone fields, which overestimate the true ensemble spread. Hence, while the average of multi-model fields are normally appropriate for calculating mean RF, GWP and GTP, they are not a reliable method for calculating the uncertainty in these fields, and in general overestimate the uncertainty.
Multi-model evaluation of short-lived pollutant distributions over East Asia during summer 2008
Authors: Quennehen B. , Raut J.-C. , Law K. S. , Ancellet G. , Clerbaux C. , Kim S.-W. , Lund M. T. , Myhre G. , Olivié D. J. L. , Safieddine S. , Skeie R. B. , Thomas J. L. , Tsyro S. , Bazureau A. , Bellouin N. , Daskalakis N. , Hu M. , Kanakidou M. , Klimont Z. , Kupiainen K. , Myriokefalitakis S. , Quaas J. , Rumbold S. T. , Schulz M. , Cherian R. , Shimizu A. , Wang J. , Yoon S.-C. , Zhu T.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The ability of six global and one regional model to reproduce distributions of tropospheric ozone and its precursors, as well as aerosols over Asia in summer 2008 is evaluated using satellite and in-situ observations. Whilst ozone precursors (NO2 and CO) are generally underestimated by the models in the troposphere, surface NO2 concentrations are overestimated, suggesting that emissions of NOx are too high. Ozone integrated columns and vertical profiles are generally well modeled, but the global models face difficulties simulating the ozone gradient at the surface between urban and rural environments, pointing to the need to increase model resolution. The accuracy of simulated aerosol patterns over eastern China and northern India varies between the models, and although most of the models reproduce the observed pollution features over eastern China, significant biases are noted in the magnitude of optical properties (aerosol optical depth, aerosol backscatter). These results have important implications for accurate prediction of pollution episodes affecting air quality and the radiative effects of these short-lived climate pollutants over Asia.
Radiative forcing bias of simulated surface albedo modifications linked to forest cover changes at northern latitudes
Authors: Bright R. M. , Myhre G. , Astrup R. , Antón-Fernández C. , Strømman A. H.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. In the presence of snow, the bias in the prediction of surface albedo by many climate models remains difficult to correct due to the difficulties of separating the albedo parameterizations from those describing snow and vegetation cover and structure. This can be overcome by extracting the albedo parameterizations in isolation, by executing them with observed meteorology and information on vegetation structure, and by comparing the resulting predictions to observations. Here, we employ an empirical data set of forest structure and daily meteorology for three snow cover seasons and for three case regions in boreal Norway to compute and evaluate predicted albedo to those based on daily MODIS retrievals. Forest and adjacent open area albedos are subsequently used to estimate bias in top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) radiative forcings (RF) from albedo changes (Δα, Open–Forest) connected to land use and land cover changes (LULCC). As expected, given the diversity of approaches by which snow masking by tall-statured vegetation is parameterized, the magnitude and sign of the albedo biases varied considerably for forests. Large biases at the open sites were also detected, which was unexpected given that these sites were snow-covered throughout most of the analytical time period, therefore eliminating potential biases linked to snow-masking parameterizations. Biases at the open sites were mostly positive, exacerbating the strength of vegetation masking effects and hence the simulated LULCC Δα RF. Despite the large biases in both forest and open area albedos by some schemes in some months and years, the mean Δα RF bias over the 3-year period (November–May) was considerably small across models (−2.1 ± 1.04 Wm−2; 21 ± 11%); four of six models had normalized mean absolute errors less than 20%. Identifying systematic sources of the albedo prediction biases proved challenging, although for some schemes clear sources were identified.
Local sources of global climate forcing from different categories of land use activities
Authors: Ward D. S. , Mahowald N. M.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Identifying and quantifying the sources of climate impacts from land use and land cover change (LULCC) is necessary to optimize policies regarding LULCC for climate change mitigation. These climate impacts are typically defined relative to emissions of CO2, or sometimes emissions of other long-lived greenhouse gases. Here we use previously published estimates of the radiative forcing (RF) of LULCC that include the short-lived forcing agents O3 and aerosols, in addition to long-lived greenhouse gases and land albedo change, for six projections of LULCC as a metric for quantifying climate impacts. The LULCC RF is attributed to three categories of LULCC activities: direct modifications to land cover, agriculture, and wildfire response, and sources of the forcing are ascribed to individual grid points for each sector. Results for the year 2010 show substantial positive forcings from the direct modifications and agriculture sectors, particularly from south and southeast Asia, and a smaller magnitude negative forcing response from wildfires. The spatial distribution of future sources of LULCC RF is highly scenario-dependent, but we show that future forest area change can be used as a predictor of the future RF from direct modification activities, especially in the tropics, suggesting that deforestation-prevention policies that value land based on its C-content may be particularly effective at mitigating climate forcing originating in the tropics from this sector. However, the response of wildfire RF to tropical land cover changes is not as easily scalable and yet imposes a non-trivial feedback onto the total LULCC RF.
Leaf Area Index in Earth System Models: evaluation and projections
Authors: Mahowald N. , Lo F. , Zheng Y. , Harrison L. , Funk C. , Lombardozzi D.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The amount of leaves in a plant canopy (measured as leaf area index, LAI) modulates key land–atmosphere interactions, including the exchange of energy, moisture, carbon dioxide (CO2), and other trace gases, and is therefore an essential variable in predicting terrestrial carbon, water, and energy fluxes. The latest generation of Earth system models (ESMs) simulate LAI, as well as provide projections of LAI in the future to improve simulations of biophysical and biogeochemical processes, and for use in climate impact studies. Here we use satellite measurements of LAI to answer the following questions: (1) are the models accurately simulating the mean LAI spatial distribution? (2) Are the models accurately simulating the seasonal cycle in LAI? (3) Are the models correctly simulating the processes driving interannual variability in the current climate? And finally based on this analysis, (4) can we reduce the uncertainty in future projections of LAI by using each model's skill in the current climate? Overall, models are able to capture some of the main characteristics of the LAI mean and seasonal cycle, but all of the models can be improved in one or more regions. Comparison of the modeled and observed interannual variability in the current climate suggested that in high latitudes the models may overpredict increases in LAI based on warming temperature, while in the tropics the models may overpredict the negative impacts of warming temperature on LAI. We expect, however, larger uncertainties in observational estimates of interannual LAI compared to estimates of seasonal or mean LAI. Future projections of LAI by the ESMs are largely optimistic, with only limited regions seeing reductions in LAI. Future projections of LAI in the models are quite different, and are sensitive to climate model projections of precipitation. They also strongly depend on the amount of carbon dioxide fertilization in high latitudes. Based on comparisons between model simulated LAI and observed LAI in the current climate, we can reduce the spread in model future projections, especially in the tropics, by taking into account model skill. In the tropics the models which perform the best in the current climate tend to project a more modest increase in LAI in the future compared to the average of all models. These top performing models also project an increase in the frequency of drought in some regions of the tropics, with droughts being defined as minus one standardized deviation events.
Effects of changes in moisture source and the upstream rainout on stable isotopes in summer precipitation – a case study in Nanjing, East China
Authors: Tang Y. , Pang H. , Zhang W. , Li Y. , Wu S. , Hou S.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. In the Asian monsoon region, variations in the stable isotopic composition of speleothems have often been attributed to the "amount effect". However, an increasing number of studies suggest that the "amount effect" in local precipitation is insignificant or even non-existent. To explore this issue further, we examined the variability of daily stable isotopic composition (δ18O) in summer precipitation of 2012–2014 in Nanjing, East China. We found that δ18O was not significantly correlated with local rainfall amount, but could be linked to changes in the location and rainout processes of precipitation source regions. Our findings suggest that the stable isotopes in precipitation could signal the location shift of precipitation source regions in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) over the course of the monsoon season. As a result, changes in moisture source location and upstream rainout effect should be taken into account when interpreting the stable isotopic composition of speleothems in the Asian monsoon region.
Temporal variations in the flow of a large Antarctic ice-stream controlled by tidally induced changes in the subglacial water system
Authors: Rosier S. H. R. , Gudmundsson G. H. , Green J. A. M.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Observations show that the flow of Rutford Ice Stream (RIS) is strongly modulated by the ocean tides, with the strongest tidal response at the 14.77 day tidal period (Msf). This is striking because this period is absent in the tidal forcing. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to account for this effect, yet previous modeling studies have struggled to match the observed large amplitude and decay length scale. We use a nonlinear 3-D viscoelastic full-Stokes model of ice-stream flow to investigate this open issue. We find that the long period Msf modulation of ice-stream velocity observed in data cannot be reproduced quantitatively without including a coupling between basal sliding and tidal subglacial water pressure variations. Furthermore, the subglacial water system must be highly conductive and at low effective pressure, and the relationship between sliding velocity and effective pressure highly nonlinear in order for the model results to match GPS measurements. Hydrological and basal sliding model parameters that produced a best fit to observations were a mean effective pressure N of 105 kPa, subglacial drainage system conductivity K of 7 × 109 m2d-1, with sliding law exponents m = 3 and q =10. Coupled model results show the presence of tides result in a ~ 12% increase in mean surface velocity. Observations of tidally-induced variations in flow of ice-streams provide stronger constraints on basal sliding processes than provided by any other set of measurements.
The Impact of Energy Prices on Green Innovation
Authors: Ley Marius , Stucki Tobias , Woerter Martin
Published: April 2015

Based on patent data and industry specific energy prices for 18 OECD countries over 30 years we investigate on an industry level the impact of energy prices on green innovation activities. Our econometric models show that energy prices and green innovation activities are positively related and that energy prices have a significantly positive impact on the ratio of green innovations to non-green innovations. More concretely, our main model shows that a 10% increase of the average energy prices over the previous five years results in a 3.4% and 4.8% increase of the number of green innovations and the ratio of green innovations to non-green innovations, respectively. We also find that the impact of energy prices increases with an increasing lag between energy prices and innovation activities. Robustness tests confirm the main results.
Demonstrações contábeis dos clubes de futebol do Campeonato Catarinense de 2012: verificação da adequação à legislação vigente
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Frey Irineu Afonso , Zaia Robson
Published: April 2015

As entidades desportivas, após a promulgação da Lei 9.615/1998, conhecida como Lei Pelé, passaram a ser reguladas pelas leis de mercado com as mesmas obrigações das demais empresas privadas. Em 2004, por meio da resolução 1.005, o Conselho Federal de Contabilidade (CFC) aprovou a NBC T 10.13 para estabelecer critérios e procedimentos específicos de avaliação e de registros contábeis e também para a estruturação das demonstrações contábeis das entidades de futebol profissional e demais práticas desportivas profissionais. Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar se as Demonstrações Contábeis dos clubes integrantes do Campeonato Catarinense de 2012 apresentavam-se de acordo com a legislação contábil vigente. Para isso, esta pesquisa teve caráter exploratório-documental, pois observou, analisou e comparou os elementos da pesquisa. Para alcançar o resultado esse estudo utilizou as demonstrações publicadas pelos clubes e o modelo de análise adaptado de Souza (2013), com 12 itens abordados na norma NBC T 10.13, sendo realizado em seis clubes que apresentaram suas demonstrações relativas ao ano de 2012, que são: Avaí, Criciúma, Hermann Aichinger, Figueirense, Joinville e Metropolitano. Concluiu-se que, enquanto há clubes próximos do atendimento às exigências da norma, há outros que estão distantes de cumpri-la, sendo necessário mais atenção e responsabilidade dos gestores esportivos desses clubes, principalmente dos profissionais responsáveis pela contabilidade. Conclui-se também que os clubes catarinenses estão dentro da média nacional em relação à comparação realizada com o estudo de Souza (2013).
Análise da combinação do processo de inovação com as práticas ambientais
Authors:   Universidade Feevale, Schreiber Dusan , Mendes Giselly Santos
Published: April 2015

O acirramento da competição entre os agentes econômicos, notadamente nas últimas duas décadas, mudou as bases conceituais que determinavam as regras de atuação no mercado, exigindo a concepção de novos parâmetros para a posicionamento estratégico. Dentre eles destacou-se a inovação, como forma de migrar do paradigma de competição com base em custo, para a diferenciação, e gestão ambiental, como resposta à deterioração do meio ambiente, em decorrência da industrialização sem controle. No entanto na medida em que a inovação estimula o crescimento do consumo, muitas vezes reduz o ciclo de vida de produtos e aumenta a geração de resíduos, ao contrário da gestão ambiental que promove uma visão oposta, em prol da mitigação do impacto ambiental. Com o objetivo de investigar as alternativas de combinar a inovação de processos com as práticas ambientais foi realizado o estudo de caso múltiplo, em três organizações, que evidenciou as possibilidades de inovar com a redução do impacto ambiental.
Role of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in the Immunomodulation Potential of Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells
Authors: Maraldi Tullia , Beretti Francesca , Guida Marianna , Zavatti Manuela , De Pol Anto
Published: April 2015

Human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) may be useful for regenerative medicine because of their potential to differentiate into all three germ layers and to modulate immune response with different types of secretion molecules. This last issue has not been completely elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the secretome profile of the hAFSC, focusing on the role of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in immunoregulation through short and long cocultures with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We found that HGF produced by hAFSCs exerts a cytoprotective role, inducing an increase in caspase-dependent apoptosis in human immune cells. This study provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that amniotic fluid is an ideal source of stem cells for expansion and banking properties for therapeutic use. hAFSCs not only are less immunogenic but also can secrete immunoregulatory factors that may be useful in autoimmune diseases or allogenic implants.

Significance

New information about the secretome pattern is reported in this paper. Human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties involving hepatocyte growth factor production. hAFSCs could be used in immunotherapies and might be able to avoid allogenic rejection.
Preoperative Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer. An Independent Prognostic Factor Still Reliable
Authors: Li Destri Giovanni , Rubino Antonio Salvatore , Latino Rosalia , Giannone Fabio , Lanteri Raffaele , Scilletta Beniamino , Di Cataldo Antonio
Published: April 2015

To evaluate whether, in a sample of patients radically treated for colorectal carcinoma, the preoperative determination of the carcinoembryonic antigen (p-CEA) may have a prognostic value and constitute an independent risk factor in relation to disease-free survival. The preoperative CEA seems to be related both to the staging of colorectal neoplasia and to the patient's prognosis, although this—to date—has not been conclusively demonstrated and is still a matter of intense debate in the scientific community. This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. A total of 395 patients were radically treated for colorectal carcinoma. The preoperative CEA was statistically compared with the 2010 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging, the T and N parameters, and grading. All parameters recorded in our database were tested for an association with disease-free survival (DFS). Only factors significantly associated (P < 0.05) with the DFS were used to build multivariate stepwise forward logistic regression models to establish their independent predictors. A statistically significant relationship was found between p-CEA and tumor staging (P < 0.001), T (P < 0.001) and N parameters (P = 0.006). In a multivariate analysis, the independent prognostic factors found were: p-CEA, stages N1 and N2 according to AJCC, and G3 grading (grade). A statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) was evident between the DFS of patients with normal and high p-CEA levels. Preoperative CEA makes a pre-operative selection possible of those patients for whom it is likely to be able to predict a more advanced staging.
Benign Gastric Schwannoma: How Long Should We Follow Up to Monitor the Recurrence? A Case Report and Comprehensive Review of Literature of 137 Cases
Authors: Hong Xiafei , Wu Wenming , Wang Mengyi , Liao Quan , Zhao Yupei
Published: April 2015

We aimed to explore the optimal follow-up time for benign gastric Schwannoma. Benign gastric Schwannoma is an uncommon type of gastric neoplasias. Most of the studies are case reports and case series. Although it is generally considered to be benign, the optimal follow-up time and the chance of recurrence have not yet been investigated fully. We presented a case of benign gastric Schwannoma and systematically reviewed published case series with follow-up data. Eight studies were included, totaling 137 patients (44 male and 93 female) with the median follow-up time ranging from 22–132 months across different studies. No recurrence had been recorded during the follow-up period. Benign gastric Schwannoma rarely recurs after complete surgical resection. Long-term survival will be expected in most patients.
The Impact of Exposure to Liver Transplantation Anesthesia on the Ability to Treat Intraoperative Hyperkalemia: A Simulation Experience
Authors: Nguyen Dung , Gurvitz-Gambrel Shira , Sloan Paul A. , Dority Jeremy S. , DiLorenzo Amy , Hassan Zaki-Udin , Rebel Annette
Published: April 2015

The objective of this study was to assess whether resident exposure to liver transplantation anesthesia results in improved patient care during a simulated critical care scenario. Our hypothesis was that anesthesia residents exposed to liver transplantation anesthesia care would be able to identify and treat a simulated hyperkalemic crisis after reperfusion more appropriately than residents who have not been involved in liver transplantation anesthesia care. Participation in liver transplantation anesthesia is not a mandatory component of the curriculum of anesthesiology training programs in the United States. It is unclear whether exposure to liver transplantation anesthesia is beneficial for skill set development. A high-fidelity human patient simulation scenario was developed. Times for administration of epinephrine, calcium chloride, and secondary hyperkalemia treatment were recorded. A total of 25 residents with similar training levels participated: 13 residents had previous liver transplantation experience (OLT), whereas 12 residents had not been previously exposed to liver transplantations (non-OLT). The OLT group performed better in recognizing and treating the hyperkalemic crisis than the non-OLT group. Pharmacologic therapy for hyperkalemia was given earlier (OLT 53.3 ± 27.0 seconds versus non-OLT 148 ± 104.1 seconds; P < 0.01) and hemodynamics restored quicker (OLT 87.9 ± 24.9 seconds versus non-OLT 219.9 ± 87.1 seconds; P < 0.01). Simulation-based assessment of clinical skills is a useful tool for evaluating anesthesia resident performance during an intraoperative crisis situation related to liver transplantations. Previous liver transplantation experience improves the anesthesia resident's ability to recognize and treat hyperkalemic cardiac arrest.
The solar and Southern Oscillation components in the satellite altimetry data
Authors: Howard Daniel , Shaviv Nir J. , Svensmark Henrik
Published: April 2015

With satellite altimetry data accumulating over the past two decades, the mean sea level (MSL) can now be measured to unprecedented accuracy. We search for physical processes which can explain the sea level variations and find that at least 70% of the variance in the annually smoothed detrended altimetry data can be explained as the combined effect of both the solar forcing and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The phase of the solar component can be used to derive the different steric and eustatic contributions. We find that the peak to peak radiative forcing associated with the solar cycle is 1.33 ± 0.34 W/m2, contributing a 4.4 ± 0.8 mm variation. The slow eustatic component (describing, for example, the cryosphere and large bodies of surface water) has a somewhat smaller peak to peak amplitude of 2.4 ± 0.6 mm. Its phase implies that warming the oceans increases the ocean water loss rate. Additional much smaller terms include a steric feedback term and a fast eustatic term. The ENSO contributes a peak to peak variation of 5.5 ± 0.8 mm, predominantly through a direct effect on the MSL and significantly less so indirectly through variations in the radiative forcing.