bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Well-Production Forecasting Using Machine Learning with Feature Selection and Automatic Hyperparameter Optimization
Authors: Zhu Ruibin , Li Ning , Duan Yongqiang , Li Gaofeng , Liu Guohua , Qu Fengjiao , Long Changjun , Wang Xin , Liao Qinzhuo , Li Gensheng
Published: January 2025

Well-production forecasting plays a crucial role in oil and gas development. Traditional methods, such as numerical simulations, require substantial computational effort, while empirical models tend to exhibit poor accuracy. To address these issues, machine learning, a widely adopted artificial intelligence approach, is employed to develop production forecasting models in order to enhance the accuracy of oil and gas well-production predictions. This research focuses on the geological, engineering, and production data of 435 fracturing wells in the North China Oilfield. First, outliers were detected, and missing values were handled using the mean imputation and nearest neighbor methods. Subsequently, Pearson correlation coefficients were utilized to eliminate linearly irrelevant features and optimize the dataset. By calculating the gray correlation degrees, maximum mutual information, feature importance, and Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) values, an in-depth analysis of various dominant factors was conducted. To further assess the importance of these factors, the entropy weight method was employed. Ultimately, 19 features that were highly correlated with the target variable were successfully screened as inputs for subsequent models. Based on the AutoGluon framework, model training was conducted using 5-fold cross-validation combined with bagging and stacking techniques. The training results show that the model achieved an R2 of 0.79 on the training set, indicating good fitting ability. This study offers a promising approach for the development of oil and gas production forecasting models.
Mechanisms and Production Enhancement Effects of CO2/CH4 Mixed Gas Injection in Shale Oil
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Liu Qicheng , Tang Jieyun , Cui Xiangdong , Zhang Shutian , Zhang Hong , Lu Yinlong , Dong Xiaodong , Yan Hongxing , Fu Mingze , Su Yuliang , Chen Zheng
Published: January 2025

Shale oil, a critical unconventional energy resource, has received substantial attention in recent years. However, systematic research on developing shale oil using mixed gases remains limited, and the effects of various gas compositions on crude oil and rock properties, along with their potential for enhanced oil recovery, are not yet fully understood. This study utilizes PVT analysis, SEM, and core flooding tests with various gas mixtures to elucidate the interaction mechanisms among crude oil, gas, and rock, as well as the recovery efficiency of different gas types. The results indicate that increasing the mole fraction of CH4 substantially raises the oil saturation pressure, up to 1.5 times its initial value. Pure CO2, by contrast, exhibits the lowest saturation pressure, rendering it suitable for long-term pressurization strategies. CO2 shows exceptional efficacy in reducing interfacial tension, though the viscosity reduction effects of different gases exhibit minimal variation. Furthermore, CO2 markedly modifies the pore structure of shale through dissolution, increasing porosity by 2% and enhancing permeability by 61.63%. In both matrix and fractured cores, the recovery rates achieved with mixed gases were 36.9% and 58.6%, respectively, demonstrating improved production compared to single-component gases. This research offers a theoretical foundation and novel insights into shale oil development.
Production of Biochar by Pyrolysis of Food Waste Blends for Negative Carbon Dioxide Emission
Authors: Dobó Zsolt , Kovács Helga , Nagy Gábor
Published: January 2025

A negative carbon emission scenario via pyrolysis of three different food waste blends was investigated. A tube reactor was utilized for pyrolysis runs at temperatures of 650 °C, 725 °C, and 900 °C, while the carbon inventory was prepared. The blend of rice and french fries resulted in the highest char yield, being 212 g/kg at 650 °C pyrolysis temperature. In this case, each kg of food waste can correspond to 536 g of captured or removed CO2 from the air. The blend of roast pork and breaded chicken showed significantly less carbon removal potential of 348 gCO2/kgsample measured at 650 °C pyrolysis temperature, compared to rice and French fries. A higher pyrolysis temperature resulted in lower char yields, but, on the other side, it resulted in a higher carbon content of char. Additionally, higher pyrolysis temperature resulted in lower carbon capture potential within the temperature range utilized in this study. The heating value of dry pyrolysis gas was between 12.0–16.6 MJ/Nm3 and 10.3–12.3 MJ/Nm3 during the heat-up and constant temperature period, respectively. Based on the results, negative CO2 emission can be reached via pyrolysis of food waste with the benefit of capturing carbon in solid form, and therefore, this method can be considered a promising and alternative method to treat food waste.
Early Detection and Suppression of Thermal Runaway in Large-Format Lithium-Ion Batteries: Insights from Experimental Analysis
Authors: Choi Sungsik , Lee Keunhyung , Kim Jaehoon , Oh Seun , Joo Jaehyun , Bae Eunsoo , Lee Hyeonu , Kim Misung
Published: January 2025

Lithium-ion batteries have been increasingly demonstrated in reuse applications for environmental and economic reasons, and stationary energy storage systems (ESS) and mobile ESS are emerging as reuse applications for electric vehicle batteries. Most mobile ESS deployments are at large scales, necessitating experimental data on thermal runaway (TR) to ensure comprehensive safety. In this study, TR induction and suppression experiments were conducted using fully charged NCM-based batteries at the cell (750 Wh), module (7.5 kWh), and pack (74 kWh) levels. The stepwise TR experiments measured changes in temperature, voltage, heat release rate, volatile organic compound concentrations, and vent gas composition. The suppression experiments assessed the effective water injection rate, timing, and volume required to mitigate TR propagation. The results demonstrate that in the case of TR caused by thermal abuse, early detection of battery abnormalities is possible through monitoring pre-TR indicators, such as temperature and vent gas concentration. It was also confirmed that CO2 injections can effectively cool the battery without causing damage. Furthermore, it is proposed that rapid water injection, directly contacting the battery immediately after the onset of TR, can successfully prevent TR propagation.
Extractive Ethanol Fermentation with Ethanol Recovery by Absorption in Open and Closed Systems
Authors: Rodrigues Kaio César da Silva , Veloso Ivan Ilich Kerbauy , Lemos Diego Andrade , Cruz Antonio José Gonçalves , Badino Alberto Colli
Published: January 2025

Conventional ethanol production has limitations, including substrate and product inhibitions, which increase both energy requirements for ethanol recovery and vinasse generation. Extractive fermentation, which removes ethanol as it is produced within the fermentation vat, offers an effective alternative to reducing the inhibitory effects in conventional processes. However, an efficient method for recovering the extracted ethanol is also crucial. Thus, this study investigated an alternative ethanol production process using extractive ethanol fermentation integrated with ethanol recovery by absorption in both open and closed systems, specifically, comparing scenarios with and without CO2 recirculation produced during fermentation. The recovery system used two absorbers connected in series using monoethylene glycol (MEG) as an absorbent. Under extractive fermentation conditions without CO2 recirculation, the conversion of 300.0 g L−1 of substrate resulted in a total ethanol concentration of 135.2 g L−1, which is 68% higher than that achieved in conventional fermentation (80.4 g L−1). The absorption recovery efficiency reached 91.6%. In the closed system, with CO2 recirculation produced by fermentation, 280.0 g L−1 of substrate was consumed, achieving ethanol production of 126.0 g L−1, with an absorption recovery percentage of 98.3%, similar to that of industrial facilities that use a gas scrubber tower. Additionally, the overall process efficiency was close to that of conventional fermentation (0.448 gethanol gsubstrate−1). These results highlight the potential of this alternative process to reduce vinasse volume and energy consumption for ethanol recovery, lowering total costs and making it a viable option for integrated distilleries that combines ethanol production with other related processing operations.
Microbial Fermentation in Food: Impact on Functional Properties and Nutritional Enhancement—A Review of Recent Developments
Authors: Sawant Shailesh S. , Park Hye-Young , Sim Eun-Young , Kim Hong-Sik , Choi Hye-Sun
Published: January 2025

The escalating global demand for nutritious and sustainable food sources has heightened interest in microbial biotransformation in food, a process in which microorganisms chemically modify food components to enhance their functional properties and nutritional content. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in microbial fermentation, focusing on its impact on food quality, nutritional enhancement, and public health. Emphasizing both traditional fermentation practices and modern biotechnological innovations, this review highlights how beneficial microorganisms transform raw food substrates into products with superior nutrient bioavailability and functional benefits. Key developments include the synthesis of bioactive compounds, reduction of anti-nutritional factors, and improvement of sensory attributes, all of which collectively contribute to disease prevention, gut health, and overall well-being. Additionally, this review addresses safety concerns and challenges in microbial fermentation, including microbiological hazards, chemical contaminants, and strategies for their management. It also explores the difficulties in scaling up these processes for industrial applications and discusses future directions for sustainable food production. By consolidating current knowledge and identifying emerging trends, this review provides a comprehensive resource for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers, offering insights into leveraging microbial biotransformation to create nutritionally enriched and functionally enhanced food products.
FI-NL2PY2SQL: Financial Industry NL2SQL Innovation Model Based on Python and Large Language Model
Authors: Du Xiaozheng , Hu Shijing , Zhou Feng , Wang Cheng , Nguyen Binh Minh
Published: January 2025

With the rapid development of prominent models, NL2SQL has made many breakthroughs, but customers still hope that the accuracy of NL2SQL can be continuously improved through optimization. The method based on large models has brought revolutionary changes to NL2SQL. This paper innovatively proposes a new NL2SQL method based on a large language model (LLM), which could be adapted to an edge-cloud computing platform. First, natural language is converted into Python language, and then SQL is generated through Python. At the same time, considering the traceability characteristics of financial industry regulatory requirements, this paper uses the open-source big model DeepSeek. After testing on the BIRD dataset, compared with most NL2SQL models based on large language models, EX is at least 2.73% higher than the original method, F1 is at least 3.72 higher than the original method, and VES is 6.34% higher than the original method. Through this innovative algorithm, the accuracy of NL2SQL in the financial industry is greatly improved, which can provide business personnel with a robust database access mode.
Analysis of Flavor Differences in Yak Milk Powder at Different Milk Production Stages by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wang Diandian , Zhou Yaxi , Zhao Jian , Guo Yu , Yan Wenjie
Published: January 2025

The aroma of yak milk powder is a crucial sensory indicator for evaluating its quality and flavor. Yak milk powders collected from different lactation periods exhibit distinct flavors, but no studies have thoroughly investigated the aroma characteristics and variation patterns of yak milk powders across these periods. This study identified and analyzed the volatile compounds in freeze-dried colostrum powder (YCSP), freeze-dried mature milk powder (YMMP), and freeze-dried ending milk powder (YEMP) using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and multivariate statistical analysis. A total of 48 volatile compounds were identified, with significant differences in the types and contents of these compounds across the three samples. Compared to YCSP and YEMP, YMMP contained higher levels of acids and esters, while the levels of alkanes and alcohols were lower. Principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and hierarchical clustering heatmap analysis revealed a high degree of differentiation and notable variation in volatile compounds between the samples from different lactation periods. Key compounds such as aldehydes, alcohols, and esters were found to distinguish the lactation stages, with certain compounds more prevalent in colostrum and others in mature and ending milk. These findings suggest that the methodologies employed—HS-SPME-GC-MS combined with multivariate analysis—can effectively distinguish flavor differences among yak milk powders from different lactation periods. This approach allows for the rapid and comprehensive analysis of volatile components in milk powders, aiding in the identification of collection periods and providing valuable insights for improving the flavor quality of dairy products. Furthermore, the results can benefit the dairy industry by enhancing product development, quality control, and flavor profiling of milk-based products across different stages of lactation.
Construction of Pickering Double Emulsions Based on Xanthan Gum/Lysozyme Nanoparticles: Structure, Stability, and Co-Encapsulation of Epigallocatechin Gallate and β-Carotene
Authors: Yin Yongpeng , Luo Denglin , Li Lala , Li Xingguo , Kang Mengyao , Shah Bakht Ramin , Wei Xianling , Xu Wei
Published: January 2025

The low stability of water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsions greatly limits their applications. Therefore, in this study, W1/O/W2 Pickering double emulsions (PDEs) were prepared by a two-step emulsification method using polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and xanthan gum/lysozyme nanoparticles (XG/Ly NPs) as lipophilic and hydrophilic emulsifiers, respectively. The regulation mechanism of the performance of PDEs by XG/Ly NPs was investigated, and the ability of the system to co-encapsulate epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and β-carotene was evaluated. The results showed that increasing the XG/Ly NPs concentration can enhance the stability of PDEs. At 60% W2 phase percentage and 2.0% XG/Ly NPs, the PDEs showed a smaller droplet size (23.47 ± 2.28 μm) and no phase separation after 21 days of storage. Additionally, the PDEs co-encapsulated system showed higher encapsulation efficiency (EGCG: 89.21%; β-carotene: 99.14%) and maintained high retention of active substances after 8 h of UV illumination (EGCG: 75.51%; β-carotene: 77.24%). As demonstrated by in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion assays, the bioaccessibility of EGCG and β-carotene simultaneously encapsulated was improved by 66.0% and 36.2%, respectively, compared with that of individually encapsulated EGCG and β-carotene. Overall, this study provides a new reference for the construction of highly stable PDEs and is promising as a co-encapsulation carrier for environmentally sensitive components.
Recent Advances in the Mechanisms of Quality Degradation and Control Technologies for Peanut Butter: A Literature Review
Authors: Liu Xinyan , Zhu Xuchun , Han Zhaowei , Liu Hongzhi
Published: January 2025

As the quality of life continues to improve globally, there is an increasing demand for nutritious and high-quality food products. Peanut butter, a widely consumed and nutritionally valuable product, must meet stringent quality standards and exhibit excellent stability to satisfy consumer expectations and maintain its competitive position in the market. However, its high fat content, particularly unsaturated fatty acids, makes it highly susceptible to quality deterioration during storage. Key issues such as fat separation, lipid oxidation, and rancidity can significantly compromise its texture, flavor, and aroma, while also reducing its shelf life. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that drive these processes is essential for developing effective preservation strategies. This understanding not only aids food scientists and industry professionals in improving product quality but also enables health-conscious consumers to make informed decisions regarding the selection and storage of peanut butter. Recent research has focused on elucidating the mechanisms responsible for the quality deterioration of peanut butter, with particular attention to the intermolecular interactions among its key components. Current regulatory techniques aimed at improving peanut butter quality encompass raw material selection, advancements in processing technologies, and the incorporation of food additives. Among these innovations, plant protein nanoparticles have garnered significant attention as a promising class of green emulsifiers. These nanoparticles have demonstrated potential for stabilizing peanut butter emulsions, thereby mitigating fat separation and oxidation while aligning with the growing demand for environmentally friendly food production. Despite these advances, challenges remain in optimizing the stability and emulsifying efficiency of plant protein nanoparticles to ensure the long-term quality and stability of peanut butter. Future research should focus on improving the structural properties and functional performance of these nanoparticles to enhance their practical application as emulsifiers. Such efforts could provide valuable theoretical and practical insights into the development of stable, high-quality peanut butter, ultimately advancing the field of food science and technology.
Supercritical Extraction and Compound Profiling of Diverse Edible Mushroom Species
Authors: Krivošija Slađana , Nastić Nataša , Karadžić Banjac Milica , Kovačević Strahinja , Podunavac-Kuzmanović Sanja , Vidović Senka
Published: January 2025

Mushrooms are a raw material rich in many nutritional compounds, and that is why a number of them are widely known as functional food. They contain fatty acids, carbohydrates, lycopene, sterols, lovastatin, trace elements, and other valuable compounds that show a wide range of properties, such as hepatoprotective, anticancer, antiviral, etc. For more efficient utilisation of mushrooms’ biologically active substances, widespread supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (Sc-CO2) was used as an efficient way to isolate the high-value phytoconstituents from this type of raw material. Using Sc-CO2, the extracts of five types of edible mushrooms—Lycoperdon saccatum, Pleurotus ostreatus, Craterellus cornucopioides, Russula Cyanoxantha and Cantharellus cibarius—were obtained. During the Sc-CO2 process, the extraction time was reduced to 4 h compared to the prolonged process time applied in the typical traditional techniques (6–24 h). The extraction pressure (30 MPa) and temperature (40 °C) were constant. Fatty acids and the compounds of steroid structures were determined in the obtained extracts using GC–MS and GC–FID methods of analysis. The dominant compounds identified in the lipid extracts were fatty acids (linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic) and sterols (ergosterol, 7,22-ergostadienone and 7,22-ergostadienol). For complete insight into the process and to obtain the value of the extracts, chemometric analysis is provided. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), as well as k-means clustering, showed that Craterellus cornucopioides was distinguished based on the extraction yield results.
In Situ Gelling Dexamethasone Oromucosal Formulation: Physical Characteristics Influencing Drug Delivery
Authors: Krchňák Daniel , Balážová Ľudmila , Hanko Michal , Žigrayová Dominika , Špaglová Miroslava
Published: January 2025

The study focuses on the development of an in situ gelling dexamethasone (DEX) oromucosal formulation designed for the treatment of aphthous stomatitis. Three series of formulations were prepared; a first series containing DEX suspended, a second series containing DEX and, in addition, mint essential oil (EO), and a third series containing EO and DEX solubilized in propylene glycol (PG). In the composition, polymers in the role of mucoadhesive agent were interchanged (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), methyl cellulose (MC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC). Specifically, DEX was incorporated at a concentration of 0.1% (w/w) in each formulation. The influence of mint EO and DEX solubilization on the physical properties (pH measurements, rheological analysis, swelling ability, and texture analysis) and in vitro drug release was studied. Key findings revealed that HPMC-based formulation containing mint EO and PG exhibited best swelling properties (700 ± 46% after 5 h), adequate adhesiveness and in vitro drug release (34.7 ± 5.9%). Furthermore, the irritation potential assessed via the hen’s egg test on the chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) demonstrated low irritancy risk. Finally, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed no incompatibility between DEX and excipients. Overall, the research highlights the potential of mucoadhesive systems in improving the therapeutic efficacy of oromucosal drug delivery for managing painful oral lesions.
Rapid Multi-Well Evaluation of Assorted Materials for Hydrogel-Assisted Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Production: Empowering Bottom-Up Synthetic Biology
Authors: Tan Cherng-Wen Darren , Schöller Magdalena , Ehmoser Eva-Kathrin
Published: January 2025

Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are versatile cell models in biomedical and environmental research. Of the various GUV production methods, hydrogel-assisted GUV production is most easily implemented in a typical biological laboratory. To date, agarose, polyvinyl alcohol, cross-linked dextran-PEG, polyacrylamide, and starch hydrogels have been used to produce GUVs. Some leach and contaminate the GUVs, while others require handling toxic material or specialised chemistry, thus limiting their use by novices. Alternative hydrogel materials could address these issues or even offer novel advantages. To facilitate discovery, we replaced the manual spreading of reagents with controlled drop-casting in glass Petri dishes and polystyrene multi-well plates, allowing us to rapidly screen up to 96 GUV-production formulations simultaneously. Exploiting this, we rapidly evaluated assorted biomedical hydrogels, including PEG-DA, cross-linked hyaluronic acid, Matrigel, and cross-linked DNA. All of these alternatives successfully produced GUVs. In the process, we also developed a treatment for recycling agarose and polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels for GUV production, and successfully encapsulated porcine liver esterase (PLE-GUVs). PLE-GUVs offer a novel method of GUV labelling and tracing, which emulates the calcein-AM staining behaviour of cells. Our results highlight the utility of our protocol for potentiating substrate material discovery, as well as protocol and product development.
Knowledge in the Area of Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Injuries Among Nurses: Report from the Study
Authors: Przybek-Mita Joanna , Bazaliński Dariusz , Małek Ewelina , Kachaniuk Jan , Kozieł Dorota , Kózka Maria , Szewczyk Maria Teresa
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Pressure injuries represent a significant issue in nursing care, with prevalence rates ranging from 5 to 27% among hospitalized patients and 3–32% in long-term care settings. Nurses’ knowledge of pressure injury prevention and treatment plays a crucial role in reducing their incidence. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess nurses’ knowledge of pressure injury prevention and treatment, taking into account their professional and postgraduate education, self-directed learning activities, and interest in wound care. Materials and Methods: This study included 500 nurses working in hospital wards and primary healthcare settings who participated in specialized nursing training programs. The Pieper–Zulkowski Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test (PZ-PUKT), in its 2021 version and adapted into Polish was used to assess the nurses’ knowledge. The main study was conducted over five months, from March to July 2024. Results: This study revealed that nurses’ knowledge of pressure injury prevention and treatment was above average, with a mean score of 49.6 ± 5.2. Conclusions: The level of knowledge among the nurses assessed using the Polish version of the PZ-PUKT was above average. The PZ-PUKT test can be a useful tool for evaluating pressure injury knowledge among both nursing students and employed nurses and may serve as a means for identifying knowledge gaps in pressure injury prevention and treatment.
Functional and Lateral Asymmetry of the Knee Joint Muscles Measured Using Tensiomyography (TMG) in Professional Football Players of Different Playing Positions
Authors: Pajović Lazar , Toskić Lazar , Joksimović Aleksandar , Preljević Adem , Joksimović Dina , Dragosavljević Slavko , Stanić Djordje , Lilić Ljubiša , Stanković Veroljub , Cicović Borislav
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine whether different playing positions in football influence muscle asymmetry, which is a common cause of injuries in football. This study aimed to determine the difference in the functional and lateral asymmetry of the knee joint muscles measured using tensiomyography (TMG) between football players of different playing positions. Methods: This study included 52 professional football players (25.1 ± 4.7 years) divided into three groups according to their playing position: defenders—DF (N = 18), midfielders—MF (N = 15), and forwards—FW (N = 19). Functional and lateral symmetry were investigated by applying TMG on the knee joint muscles Rectus femoris, Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, Biceps femoris, and Semitendinosus of the right and left leg, and using the algorithm proposed by the manufacturer and previous studies. Results: The results of one and two-way ANOVA revealed no significant differences in functional (F = 0.596, p = 0.555, on average) and lateral asymmetry (F = 0.888, p = 0.497, on average) from the aspect of muscle contraction velocity and muscle stiffness between football players of different playing positions. Conclusions: The study results show that the specificity of the playing position in football does not influence the functional and lateral asymmetry of the knee joint muscles. However, it has been shown that there is a high percentage of players with lateral (n = 14.5, 39.6%, on average) and specifically functional asymmetry (n = 27, 51.9%, on average).
Smart Horticulture: Latest Advances and Prospects
Authors: Cogato Alessia , Sozzi Marco , Nikolić Nebojša , Laroche-Pinel Eve
Published: January 2025

The latest Hunger Hotspots Report by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the World Food Programme (WFP) of the United Nations highlighted 16 hotspots in which food insecurity is increasing due to conflict, economic instability, and extreme weather events [...]
Visual Analysis of Research Progress on the Impact of Cadmium Stress on Horticultural Plants over 25 Years
Authors: Liu Zhouli , Hu Benyang , Zhao Yi , Zhang Shuyan , Duan Xiangbo , Liu Hengyu , Meng Luyang
Published: January 2025

In recent years, there has been a significant growth in scholarly attention to the effects of Cd stress on horticultural plants, as reflected by the abundance of research articles on this issue in academic publications. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a review of current research and provide a comprehensive perspective to quickly grasp the latest developments and future trends in the research field of “horticultural plants-Cd responses”. By utilizing a visualizing bibliometric analysis software CiteSpace, this study integrated and analyzed a total of 4318 relevant research records—2311 from the Web of Science (WOS) database and 2007 from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database—related to “horticultural plants-Cd responses”, covering the period from 1999 to 2024. A visual analysis was conducted in the form of knowledge mappings, including the current research status of “horticultural plants-Cd responses”, as well as the differences in publications’ temporal distribution, spatial distribution (cooperation networks) and intellectual base between China and foreign countries, precisely uncovering the core aspects of research topics related to the field. The results indicated the following: (1) Scientific research on “horticultural plants-Cd responses” has experienced a significant increase in publication volume and has entered a phase of rapid development. Globally, there has been an annual average increase of 217 articles in the WOS since 2019, while in China, the annual average increase has been 134 articles in the CNKI since 2015. (2) China is the most productive country in terms of publication volume (1165 articles, 52.79%), engaging in active partnerships with other countries worldwide. Chinese scholars (Lin L. and Liao M.) are leading researchers in both domestic and international research fields of “horticultural plants-Cd responses”. The network of collaborations among authors and institutions in the WOS database seemed denser compared to that in the CNKI database. (3) International research hotspots have focused on accumulation, tolerance and oxidative stress, while domestically, the focus has been on antioxidant enzymes, growth and seed germination. Phytoremediation, subcellular distribution and the transcriptome are the world’s emerging topics, while in China, growth and physiological characteristics are still emerging topics. (4) In comparison, China exhibited a lagging development trend, which is reflected in the fact that it began to focus on gene expression and transcriptome research only after the global frontier shifted towards biochar and cadmium co-stress and yield response. Based on these, this study provides a systematic theoretical basis for subsequent research on “horticultural plants-Cd responses”, aiding scholars in their efforts to understand the dynamic frontiers and address the challenges in this field.
Optimizing Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) Production Using Mycorrhiza and Biostimulants to Enhance Water-Deficit Tolerance
Authors: Saravani Mahdyeh , Boogar Abdolrahman Rahimian , Aran Mehdi , Ramezan Dariush , Zargar Meisam , Diakite Simbo
Published: January 2025

A water deficit can significantly limit the sustainable production of plants, resulting in reduced growth, development, and flowering. The use of biostimulants improves plant stability and promotes growth under low-irrigation conditions. This study evaluated the effects of biostimulators on the growth, development, and flowering of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) under water-deficit conditions. This experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications in pots and eight treatments: four irrigation regimes (100%, 80%, 60%, and 40%), and four biostimulant treatments (foliar application of seaweed extract (SE) at concentrations of 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm; humic acid (HA) application at concentrations of 150, 300, and 600 ppm; inoculation of the bed with mycorrhiza; a control treatment without biostimulators). We measured the length, diameter, and fresh and dry weight of the flower pedicel; the number of leaves per plant; the fresh and dry weight of the leaves, stem, and root of each plant; and the content of photosynthetic pigments, phenol, proline, carbohydrates, and flavonoids. The results of this study showed that the growth and development of tuberoses were positively affected by different irrigation levels and biostimulants. The highest morphological characteristics were observed in plants irrigated at 100% field capacity. In contrast, the irrigation regime treatment of 40% of the field capacity combined with 600 mg/l of HA had the most detrimental effect on plant growth indicators. Findings suggest that application of 2000 ppm of SE biostimulant contributes to the mitigation of the negative effects of water deficit in tuberose production under greenhouse conditions as an irrigation water conservation strategy that can be exploited to maintain high yields.
Function of Nodulation-Associated GmNARK Kinase in Soybean Alkali Tolerance
Authors: Ma Huiying , Liu Xin , Zhang Rui , Li Minglong , Li Qiang , Ding Xiaodong , Xiao Jialei
Published: January 2025

Soybean (Glycine max) is a vital crop that is rich in high-quality protein and edible oil for human nutrition and agriculture. Saline–alkali stress, a severe environmental challenge, significantly limits soybean productivity. In this study, we found that the nodule receptor kinase GmNARK enhances soybean tolerance to alkali stress besides nodulation. GmNARK could be induced by alkali stress in soybean roots. Ectopic overexpression of the GmNARK gene in Arabidopsis could significantly improve plant tolerance to alkaline stress. Moreover, overexpression or silencing of the GmNARK gene in soybean hairy roots also enhanced composite soybean plant tolerance to alkaline stress on plates and in soils. Additionally, overexpression of the GmNARK gene upregulated expression levels of the genes that are involved in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways. These findings provide a critical theoretical basis for further elucidating the role of GmNARK kinase in salt–alkali resistance and lay a foundation for improving soybean productivity under salt–alkali stress.
Mapping O- and N-Glycosylation in Transmembrane and Interface Regions of Proteins: Insights from a Database Search Study
Authors: Anghelescu Giorgiana Diana Carmen , Mernea Maria , Mihăilescu Dan Florin
Published: January 2025

Glycosylation is a critical post-translational modification that influences protein folding, stability and function. While extensively studied in extracellular and intracellular regions, glycosylation within transmembrane (TM) regions and at membrane interfaces remains poorly understood. This study aimed to map O- and N-glycosylation sites in these regions using a comprehensive database search and structural validation where possible. Extensive database searches revealed glycosylation sites in a range of membrane proteins. Only the sites falling in the TM regions and at the membrane interface (according to Uniprot annotations) were retained. The location of these sites was confirmed based on available 3D structures. We identified 32 O-glycosylation sites and 7 N-glycosylation sites in the TM domains of 29 proteins. O-GlcNAc sites validated as located within TM regions presented side chains either oriented toward the lipid bilayer or buried within the protein. N-glycosylation sites predicted in protein TM regions were largely confined to interface or extracellular domains. The results obtained here highlight the occurrence of glycosylation in TM regions of proteins and at membrane interfaces. This dataset provides a valuable foundation for the further exploration of structural and functional roles of glycosylation in membrane-associated regions.
Association of Klotho Gene Polymorphism and Serum Level of α Klotho Protein with Different Tumor Grades, Overall Survival and Cytokine Profile in Glioma Patients
Authors: Zsemlye Eszter , Durmanova Vladimira , Kluckova Kristina , Kozak Jan , Rychly Boris , Svajdler Marian , Matejcik Viktor , Homolova Monika , Steno Juraj , Hunakova Luba , Bucova Maria
Published: January 2025

Gliomas are the most common and lethal forms of malignant brain tumors. We attempted to identify the role of the aging-suppressor Klotho gene and Klotho protein in the immunopathogenesis of gliomas. We examined Klotho genetic variants by PCR-RFLP and measured serum Klotho levels using the ELISA method. We found a statistically significantly increased frequency of rs1207568A allele and rs1207568 GA genotypes in co-dominant, dominant and over-dominant models in grade IV as compared to grade II and III glioma patients. The levels of soluble α Klotho (sαKL) were significantly lower in grade III and IV glioma patients than in healthy controls (p = 0.034; 0.0083). Patients with sαKL levels above 2500 pg/mL survived significantly longer than patients with sαKL below 2500 pg/mL (p = 0.038). We also found a positive correlation of the serum levels of sαKL with seven biomarkers, like angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (p = 0.0008), chemokine fractalkine (p = 0.0009), interferon γ (p = 0.003), glial derived neurotrophic factor (p = 0.0268), pro-inflammatory and pro-Th1 cytokine IL-6 (p = 0.0347), anti-inflammatory, pro-Th2 cytokines IL-4 (p = 0.0037) and IL-13 (p = 0.0004). Our results suggest the impact of Klotho genetic variants and Klotho levels on advanced-grade glioma.
Transcriptomics and Proteomics Analysis of the Liver of RAD52 Knockout Mice
Authors: Song Yingjie , Yang Lan , Han Yao , Li Wenjun , Wei Tong , Gao Yamin , Hu Qiang , Li Hao , Sun Yansong
Published: January 2025

RAD52 plays crucial roles in several aspects of mammalian cells, including DNA double-strand breaks repair, viral infection, cancer development, and antibody class switching. To comprehensively elucidate the role of RAD52 in maintaining genome stability and uncover additional functions of RAD52 in mammals, we performed the transcriptomics and proteomics analysis of the liver of RAD52 knockout mice. Transcriptomics analysis reveals overexpression of mitochondrial genes in the liver of RAD52 knockout (RAD52KO) mice. Proteomics analysis of RAD52KO mice shows that damage recognition proteins Cul4b and Rad23a in the process of nucleotide excision repair pathway are overexpressed. Furthermore, gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analysis (accessed on 20 November 2024) from integrated omics shows that differentially expressed genes are significantly enriched in pathways related to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and nucleotide metabolism in the liver of RAD52KO mice. In addition, mRNA and protein levels of Bhmt1b are elevated in the liver of RAD52KO mice. Taken together, this study provides valuable insights into the function and mechanism of RAD52.
Insight into the Structure of Antifungal Cyrmenins: Conformational Studies of Unique Dehydroamino Acid, O-Methyldehydroserine
Authors: Banaś Karolina , Lenartowicz Paweł , Staś-Bobis Monika , Dziuk Błażej , Siodłak Dawid
Published: January 2025

O-Methyldehydroserine, ΔSer(Me), is a non-standard α,β-dehydroamino acid, which occurs naturally in Cyrmenins with potential pharmaceutical application. The C-terminal part and the side chain of the ΔSer(Me) residue constitute the β-methoxyacrylate unit, responsible for antifungal activity of Cyrmenins. The short model, Ac-ΔSer(Me)-OMe, was analyzed considering the geometrical isomer Z (1) and E (2). The Ramachandran diagrams were created for both isomers, using quantum chemical calculations, to show possible conformations for isolated molecules (in vacuo), in weakly polar (chloroform) and polar (water) environments. The Ac-(Z)-ΔSer(Me)-OMe (1) was synthesized and the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis together with FT-IR spectra were performed. The detailed analysis of the conformations of the (Z)-ΔSer(Me) residue is presented considering the intra- and intermolecular interactions as well as their influence on the β-methoxyacrylate part. It is concluded that the β-methoxyacrylate structural motif is able to maintain a planar geometry, crucial for biological activity, regardless of the conformation adopted by O-methyldehydroserine.
Effect of Different Media and Plant Hormone Concentrations on Callus Induction and Regeneration of Red Squill (Squilla maura) and Peruvian Squill (Oncostema peruviana)
Authors: Chakrane Ibtisam , Chlyah Omar , Boughribil Said , Gaboun Fatima , Mdarhri Alaoui Meriem
Published: January 2025

Two bulbous plant species, Squilla maura and Oncostema peruviana (Asparagaceae), show particularly interesting ornamental and medicinal characteristics. Micropropagation could be a promising alternative method to accelerate their naturally slow spreading pattern. This study focused on the effects of different growth regulators and culture media on callus induction and shoot regeneration, from which an effective protocol was established. Leaf explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS), MS/2, or B5 medium, containing one auxin—1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D), or 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA)—combined with the cytokinin 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), at various concentrations. All treatments resulted in callogenesis rates between 65–100% for both species. These treatments led to direct bulbil regeneration. Among the treatments, the B5 medium with 1 mgL−1 BAP and 1 mgL−1 2,4-D gave the highest regeneration rate (89.2%) for O. peruviana, while the ½MS medium with 0.5 mgL−1 BAP and 0.5 mgL−1 NAA showed the highest regeneration rate (85.5%) for S. maura. The highest mean number of bulils per explant was 7.44 for O. peruviana on the MS medium (0.5 mgL−1 BAP and 2 mgL−1 IBA), and 9.5 for S. maura on the MS medium (1 mgL−1 BAP and 0.5 mgL−1 NAA). The regenerated bulbils were transferred for multiplication to the MS medium with a hormone combination (2 mgL−1 BAP and 0.2 mgL−1 NAA) which increased the multiplication rate compared to the callus induction me dium, with a highest recorded multiplication rate of 177 (O. peruviana) and 104.33 (S. maura). The propagation stage achieved the highest number of bulbils/explant after a second subculture for the two species. An efficient micropropagation protocol was established for S. maura, which answers our main objective, and it would contribute to their conservation and sustainable use in ornamental and medicinal applications.
Depth-Adaptive Air and Underwater Invisible Light Communication System with Aerial Reflection Repeater Assistance
Authors: Kodama Takahiro , Tanaka Keita , Kuwahara Kiichiro , Kariya Ayumu , Hayashida Shogo
Published: January 2025

This study proposes a novel optical wireless communication system for high-speed, large-capacity data transmission, supporting underwater IoT devices in shallow seas. The system employs a mirror-equipped aerial drone as a relay between underwater drones and a terrestrial station, using 850 nm optical signals for low atmospheric loss and enhanced confidentiality. Adaptive modulation optimizes transmission capacity based on SNR, accounting for air and underwater channel characteristics. Experiments confirmed an exponential SNR decrease with distance (0.6–1.8 m) and demonstrated successful 4K UHD video streaming in shallow seawater (turbidity: 2.2 NTU) without quality loss. The design ensures cost-effectiveness and stable optical alignment using advanced posture control.
Optimization of Bolted Steel T-Stub Connection Based on Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Grubits Péter , Balogh Tamás , Movahedi Rad Majid
Published: January 2025

The equivalent T-stub method is frequently employed in infrastructure projects, including bridge engineering, to simplify bolted connection analysis. However, steel connections remain inherently complex due to nonlinear behavior, cost considerations, and code compliance, framing the design process as a discrete structural optimization problem. This research addresses these challenges by presenting a comprehensive calculation framework that combines the finite element method (FEM) and genetic algorithm (GA) to accurately evaluate the structural performance of bolted T-stub configurations. The proposed approach accounts for nonlinear behavior, thereby reflecting realistic structural responses. To enhance the simulation efficiency and reduce the computational time without significantly compromising accuracy, the study introduces a simplified modeling methodology. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through the development and experimental validation of a selected T-stub connection. Furthermore, a parameter sensitivity analysis is conducted to showcase the range of possible outcomes, emphasizing the potential for optimization. Finally, the proposed connections were optimized using GA, highlighting the benefits of structural optimization in achieving efficient and precise designs for steel connections.
A Rapid General Synthesis and the Spectroscopic Data of 2,2′-Bis-(di-isopropylphosphino)-1,1′-dibromoferrocene, (bpdbf), 1,1′,2,2′-Tetrakis-(di-isopropylphosphino) Ferrocene, (tdipf) and Related Ligands: Taking dppf into the Future
Authors: Horton Peter N. , Coles Simon J. , Clegg William , Harrington Ross W. , Butler Ian R.
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the clean high yielding, synthesis, and structure of the tetraphosphine ligand, 1,1′,2,2′-tetrakis-(di-isopropyl-phosphino)ferrocene, (tdipf), is described. In addition, improved synthesis methods for 1,1′,2,2′-tetrakis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, (tppf), and 2,2′-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-dibromoferrocene are also reported, and the synthetic method is generalised to include the synthesis of 3,3′-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′,2,2′-tetrabromoferrocene. The related ligands 2,2′-bis-(iso-propylphosphino)-1,1′-bis-diphenylphosphinoferrocene (diprdppf) and 2,2′-bis-(di-isopropylphosphino)-dibromoferrocene have also been prepared and characterised. The crystal structure of the square planar bimetallic nickel (II) dichloride of tdipf is also described, together with a brief NMR study investigating the synthesis of this and related metal complexes. The crystal structures of the palladium and platinum dichloride complexes of 2,2′-bis-(di-isopropylphosphino)-1,1′-dibromoferrocene, bpdbf, are also discussed in the context of comparison with previously known crystal structures in the same general family. A general discussion on the synthetic methodology is given, along with indications for future research that other researchers might explore.
The Role of Advanced Cardiac Imaging in Monitoring Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Extracardiac Tumors: A Descriptive Review
Authors: Tavernese Annamaria , Cammalleri Valeria , Mollace Rocco , Antonelli Giorgio , Piscione Mariagrazia , Cocco Nino , Carpenito Myriam , Dominici Carmelo , Federici Massimo , Ussia Gian Paolo
Published: January 2025

Cardiac involvement in cancer is increasingly important in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients. A thorough cardiovascular evaluation using multimodal imaging is crucial to assess any direct cardiac involvement from oncological disease progression and to determine the cardiovascular risk of patients undergoing oncological therapies. Early detection of cardiac dysfunction, particularly due to cardiotoxicity from chemotherapy or radiotherapy, is essential to establish the disease’s overall prognostic impact. Comprehensive cardiovascular imaging should be integral to the clinical management of cancer patients. Echocardiography remains highly effective for assessing cardiac function, including systolic performance and ventricular filling pressures, with speckle-tracking echocardiography offering early insights into chemotoxicity-related myocardial damage. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) provides precise anatomical detail, especially for cardiac involvement due to metastasis or adjacent mediastinal or lung tumors. Coronary assessment is also important for initial risk stratification and monitoring potential coronary artery disease progression after radiotherapy or chemotherapeutic treatment. Finally, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the gold standard for myocardial tissue characterization, aiding in the differential diagnosis of cardiac masses. CMR’s mapping techniques allow for early detection of myocardial inflammation caused by cardiotoxicity. This review explores the applicability of echocardiography, cardiac CT, and CMR in cancer patients with extracardiac tumors.