bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethical Issues of Fair Subject Selection in the Research
Authors: Rahman Sifat
Published: May 2016

Ethics and ethical principles extend to all spheres of human activity. They apply to our dealings with each other, with animals and the environment. They should govern our interactions not only in conducting research but also in commerce, employment and politics. Ethics serve to identify good, desirable or acceptable conduct and provide reasons for those conclusions. Fair subject selection is the first and foremost concern which must be ensured before initiating a research project.  Which subjects may enroll in the research is determined by the studys inclusion or exclusion criteria. One of the important aspects of fair subject selection is to have an oversight system through International Review Board (IRB) to review to conduct the research and to have approval whether subject selection is fair or not.
Defining Liberalism: the first Home Rule crisis in the Scottish capital
Authors: Thompson M. K.
Published: May 2016

The nature of liberalism was at the heart of the political debate surrounding the first Irish Home Rule bill in Edinburgh. The rhetoric of the campaign was dominated by the fight for the ownership of liberalism, and it was pivotal for all the candidates standing in Edinburgh to present themselves as liberals, and to define their stance on the Irish question by associating it to a core value of liberalism. Democracy and the protection of minorities were the two values used to justify the candidates’ stances on Irish Home Rule, and the perceived threat of Irish Catholicism was often the focus of the associated arguments. The discourse that resulted from this justification centred on a fight to define the essence of liberalism. Therefore, the Irish Home Rule debate in Edinburgh demonstrates that the Liberal split was more nuanced than the traditional assessment of a Whig versus Radical split. Instead, the debate on the Irish question signified the struggle of liberalism.
Assessment of Air-Pollution Control Policy’s Impact on China’s PV Power: A System Dynamics Analysis
Authors: Guo Xiaodan , Niu Dongxiao , Xiao Bowen
Published: May 2016

Recently, China has brought out several air-pollution control policies, which indicate the prominent position that PV power hold in improving atmosphere environment. Under this policy environment, the development of China’s PV power will be greatly affected. Firstly, after analyzing the influencing path of air-pollution control policies on PV power, this paper built a system dynamics model, which can be used as a platform for predicting China’s PV power development in every policy scenario during 2015–2025. Secondly, different model parameters are put into the SD model to simulate three scenarios of air-pollution control policies. Comparisons between the simulated results of different policy scenarios measure the air-pollution control policy’s impact on China’s PV power in the aspect of generation, installed capacity, power curtailment and so on. This paper points out the long-term development pattern of China’s PV power under latest incentive policies, and provides reference for the policymakers to increase the effect and efficiency of air-pollution control policies.
An Adaptive Energy Management System for Electric Vehicles Based on Driving Cycle Identification and Wavelet Transform
Authors: Zhang Qiao , Deng Weiwen
Published: May 2016

Since driving cycle greatly affects load power demand, driving cycle identification (DCI) is proposed to predict power demand that can be expected to prepare for the power distribution between battery and supercapacitor. The DCI is developed based on a learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network method, which is assessed in both training and validation based on the statistical data obtained from six standard driving cycles. In order to ensure network accuracy, characteristic parameter and slide time window, which are two important factors ensuring the network accuracy for onboard hybrid energy storage system (HESS) applications in electric vehicles, are discussed and designed. Based on the identification results, Multi-level Haar wavelet transform (Haar-WT) is proposed for allocating the high frequency components of power demand into the supercapacitor which could damage battery lifetime and the corresponding low frequency components into the battery system. The proposed energy management system can better increase system efficiency and battery lifetime compared with the conventional sole frequency control. The advantages are demonstrated based on a randomly generated driving cycle from the standard driving cycle library via simulation.
A Comparative Computational Fluid Dynamics Study on an Innovative Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Wind Turbine Generator
Authors: Tabatabaeikia Seyedsaeed , Bin Nik-Ghazali Nik , Chong Wen , Shahizare Behzad , Fazlizan Ahmad , Esmaeilzadeh Alireza , Izadyar Nima
Published: May 2016

Recovering energy from exhaust air systems of building cooling towers is an innovative idea. A specific wind turbine generator was designed in order to achieve this goal. This device consists of two Giromill vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) combined with four guide vanes and two diffuser plates. It was clear from previous literatures that no comprehensive flow behavior study had been carried out on this innovative device. Therefore, the working principle of this design was simulated using the Analysis System (ANSYS) Fluent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package and the results were compared to experimental ones. It was perceived from the results that by introducing the diffusers and then the guide vanes, the overall power output of the wind turbine was improved by approximately 5% and 34%, respectively, compared to using VAWT alone. In the case of the diffusers, the optimum angle was found to be 7°, while for guide vanes A and B, it was 70° and 60° respectively. These results were in good agreement with experimental results obtained in the previous experimental study. Overall, it can be concluded that exhaust air recovery turbines are a promising form of green technology.
Ethical Issues Surrounding End-of-Life Care: A Narrative Review
Authors: Karnik Sameera , Kanekar Amar
Published: May 2016

End-of-life care decision making carries paramount importance due to the advancements in medical sciences. Since medical science has evolved over the time and now has a potentiality to reshape the circumstances during death and in turn prolong lives, various ethical issues surround end-of-life care. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss issues such as autonomous decision making, importance of advance directives, rationing of care in futile treatments and costs involved in providing end-of-life care. Even though much progress has been made in this area continued advancement in medical science demands further research into this topic.
Health-Related Quality of Life among Artisanal Fisherwomen/Shellfish Gatherers: Lower than the General Population
Authors: Müller Juliana , Falcão Ila , Couto Maria , Viana Wendel , Alves Ivone , Viola Denise , Woods Courtney , Rêgo Rita
Published: May 2016

Quality of life is an indicator of how well one perceives that he/she is functioning physically and mentally. The aim of this paper is to determine the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of artisanal fisherwomen/shellfish gatherers from the Saubara municipality in Bahia, Brazil in comparison to the general population. A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 209 artisanal fisherwomen selected at random. The HRQOL questionnaire, known as the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey version 1 (SF-36v01), was also used, having been translated and verified cross-culturally for the Brazilian population. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and comorbidity information was also collected. Chronic diseases and indicators of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) were self-reported. The study population consisted primarily of individuals between 30 and 45 years of age (78%), of self-classified races black or brown (96.2%), with no more than an elementary school education (77%) and married (64.6%). In all the SF-36v01 dimensions, the values in the sample were lower than in the general population of Brazil, which was used as the reference population. In the “Physical Health” domain (Physical Functioning; Physical Role Limitations; Bodily Pain; General Health Perception) a tendency toward a lower health-related quality of life was observed among those who were older, had a lower education level, and had a prevalence of MSDs, hypertension or arthritis. The interference of health conditions linked to the fisherwomen’s work activities may contribute to lower HRQOL in all analyzed aspects, in comparison to the general population. In light of these findings, public health policies must consider these informal workers who contribute greatly to Brazil’s economy and food system.
Accuracy of Body Mass Index Cutoffs for Classifying Obesity in Chilean Children and Adolescents
Authors: Gómez-Campos Rossana , David Langer Raquel , De Fátima Guimarães Roseane , Contiero San Martini Mariana , Cossio-Bolaños Marco , De Arruda Miguel , Guerra-Júnior Gil , Moreira Gonçalves Ezequiel
Published: May 2016

Objective: To determine the accuracy of two international Body Mass Index (BMI) cut-offs for classifying obesity compared to the percentage of fat mass (%FM) assessed by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in a Chilean sample of children and adolescents; Material and Methods: The subjects studied included 280 children and adolescents (125 girls and 155 boys) aged 8 to 17 years. Weight and height were measured. The BMI was calculated. Two international references (IOFT and WHO) were used as cut-off points. The %FM was assessed by DXA. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the performance of BMI in detecting obesity on the basis of %FM; Results: A high correlation was observed between the %FM measured by the DXA and the Z-scores of IOTF and WHO scores in the Chilean adolescents separated by sex (r = 0.78–0.80). Differences occurred in both references (IOFT and WHO) in relation to the criteria (p < 0.001). Both references demonstrated a good ability to predict sensitivity (between 84% and 93%) and specificity (between 83% and 88%) in both sexes of children and adolescents; Conclusions: A high correlation was observed between the Z-score of the BMI with the percentage of fat determined by the DXA. Despite this, the classifications using the different BMI cut-off points showed discrepancies. This suggests that the cut-off points selected to predict obesity in this sample should be viewed with caution.
Performance Evaluation of a Prototyped Breadfruit Seed Dehulling Machine
Authors: Anosike Nnamdi , Brown Emmanuel , Maduka Chukwnonso
Published: May 2016

The drudgery involved in dehulling breadfruit seed by traditional methods has been highlighted as one of the major problems hindering the realization of the full potential of breadfruit as a field to food material. This paper describes a development in an African breadfruit seed dehulling machine with increased throughput of about 70% above reported machines. The machine consists of a 20 mm diameter shaft, carrying a spiral wound around its circumference (feeder). The feeder provides the required rotational motion and turns a circular disk that rotates against a fixed disk. The two disks can be adjusted to maintain a pre-determined gap for dehulling. An inbuilt drying unit reduces the moisture content of the breadfruit for easy separation of the cotyledon from the endosperm immediately after the dehulling process. The sifting unit that separates the shell from the seed is achieved in this design with an electric fan. The machine is design to run at a speed of 250 rpm with an electric motor as the prime mover. The dehulling efficiency up to 86% and breakage of less than 1.3% was obtained at a clearance setting of 12.4 mm between disks. A sifting efficiency of 100% was achieved. Based on the design diameter and clearance between the dehulling disks, the machine throughput was 216 kg/h with an electric power requirement of 1.207 kW.
Role of Fungi in the Biomineralization of Calcite
Authors: Bindschedler Saskia , Cailleau Guillaume , Verrecchia Eric
Published: May 2016

In the field of microbial biomineralization, much of the scientific attention is focused on processes carried out by prokaryotes, in particular bacteria, even though fungi are also known to be involved in biogeochemical cycles in numerous ways. They are traditionally recognized as key players in organic matter recycling, as nutrient suppliers via mineral weathering, as well as large producers of organic acids such as oxalic acid for instance, an activity leading to the genesis of various metal complexes such as metal-oxalate. Their implications in the transformation of various mineral and metallic compounds has been widely acknowledged during the last decade, however, currently, their contribution to the genesis of a common biomineral, calcite, needs to be more thoroughly documented. Calcite is observed in many ecosystems and plays an essential role in the biogeochemical cycles of both carbon (C) and calcium (Ca). It may be physicochemical or biogenic in origin and numerous organisms have been recognized to control or induce its biomineralization. While fungi have often been suspected of being involved in this process in terrestrial environments, only scarce information supports this hypothesis in natural settings. As a result, calcite biomineralization by microbes is still largely attributed to bacteria at present. However, in some terrestrial environments there are particular calcitic habits that have been described as being fungal in origin. In addition to this, several studies dealing with axenic cultures of fungi have demonstrated the ability of fungi to produce calcite. Examples of fungal biomineralization range from induced to organomineralization processes. More examples of calcite biomineralization related to direct fungal activity, or at least to their presence, have been described within the last decade. However, the peculiar mechanisms leading to calcite biomineralization by fungi remain incompletely understood and more research is necessary, posing new exciting questions linked to microbial biomineralization processes.
Novel N-Substituted 2-(2-(Adamantan-1-yl)-1H-Indol-3-yl)-2-Oxoacetamide Derivatives: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Hu Hong-Yu , Yu Xu-Dong , Wang Fei , Lin Chun-Rong , Zeng Jin-Zhang , Qiu Ying-Kun , Fang Mei-Juan , Wu Zhen
Published: May 2016

In this study, a series of novel N-substituted 2-(2-(adamantan-1-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxoacetamide derivatives were synthesized, and evaluated for their cytotoxicity in human cell lines including Hela (cervical cancer), MCF7 (breast cancer ) and HepG2 (liver cancer). Several compounds were found to have potent anti-proliferative activity against those human cancer cell lines and compound 5r showed the most potent biological activity against HepG2 cells with an IC50 value of 10.56 ± 1.14 μΜ. In addition, bioassays showed that compound 5r induced time-dependent and dose-dependent cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and also induced a dose-dependent increase in caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity, but had little effect on caspase-9 protease activity in HepG2 cells. These results provide evidence that 5r-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cell is caspase-8-dependent.
Arginase Flavonoid Anti-Leishmanial in Silico Inhibitors Flagged against Anti-Targets
Authors: Glisic Sanja , Sencanski Milan , Perovic Vladimir , Stevanovic Strahinja , García-Sosa Alfonso
Published: May 2016

Arginase, a drug target for the treatment of leishmaniasis, is involved in the biosynthesis of polyamines. Flavonoids are interesting natural compounds found in many foods and some of them may inhibit this enzyme. The MetIDB database containing 5667 compounds was screened using an EIIP/AQVN filter and 3D QSAR to find the most promising candidate compounds. In addition, these top hits were screened in silico versus human arginase and an anti-target battery consisting of cytochromes P450 2a6, 2c9, 3a4, sulfotransferase, and the pregnane-X-receptor in order to flag their possible interactions with these proteins involved in the metabolism of substances. The resulting compounds may have promise to be further developed for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
An Integrated Simulation Module for Cyber-Physical Automation Systems
Authors: Ferracuti Francesco , Freddi Alessandro , Monteriù Andrea , Prist Mariorosario
Published: May 2016

The integration of Wireless Sensors Networks (WSNs) into Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) is an important research problem to solve in order to increase the performances, safety, reliability and usability of wireless automation systems. Due to the complexity of real CPSs, emulators and simulators are often used to replace the real control devices and physical connections during the development stage. The most widespread simulators are free, open source, expandable, flexible and fully integrated into mathematical modeling tools; however, the connection at a physical level and the direct interaction with the real process via the WSN are only marginally tackled; moreover, the simulated wireless sensor motes are not able to generate the analogue output typically required for control purposes. A new simulation module for the control of a wireless cyber-physical system is proposed in this paper. The module integrates the COntiki OS JAva Simulator (COOJA), a cross-level wireless sensor network simulator, and the LabVIEW system design software from National Instruments. The proposed software module has been called “GILOO” (Graphical Integration of Labview and cOOja). It allows one to develop and to debug control strategies over the WSN both using virtual or real hardware modules, such as the National Instruments Real-Time Module platform, the CompactRio, the Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA), etc. To test the proposed solution, we decided to integrate it with one of the most popular simulators, i.e., the Contiki OS, and wireless motes, i.e., the Sky mote. As a further contribution, the Contiki Sky DAC driver and a new “Advanced Sky GUI” have been proposed and tested in the COOJA Simulator in order to provide the possibility to develop control over the WSN. To test the performances of the proposed GILOO software module, several experimental tests have been made, and interesting preliminary results are reported. The GILOO module has been applied to a smart home mock-up where a networked control has been developed for the LED lighting system.
Navigating Sustainability Embeddedness in Management Decision-Making
Authors: Le Roux Catherine , Pretorius Marius
Published: May 2016

Sustainability is an essential theme for business. In order to compete, strategies need to be improvised and efficient and effective decisions need to be made for improved sustainability performance. Despite management’s apparent knowledge of this, it appears that challenges persist with sustainability’s embeddedness in decision-making and its implementation in practice. In this study we propose a metaphor applying an integrative view of sustainability as support for management. We offer six antecedents of sustainability embeddedness in decision-making that contribute to building and confirming theory, and also provide a better understanding of current practice around sustainability embeddedness so that strategies can be developed for improved sustainability performance. Employees on all management levels in a stock exchange listed company provided rich empirical data for the study. Through the analysis of data in a case study, antecedents were inductively identified, conceptualized, and presented as using descriptive labels, namely: A True North Destination—a vision of sustainability embeddedness; Mountains—three obstacles; Fog—confusion and complexity; Myopia—shortsightedness; Navigation Necessities—requirements for the journey; and finally, the Chosen Team—selected stakeholders. Sustainability embeddedness was found to be dependent on leadership, the strategy message and structures, performance measures, and policies that support a unified culture for sustainability embeddedness.
Dengue Virus Reporter Replicon is a Valuable Tool for Antiviral Drug Discovery and Analysis of Virus Replication Mechanisms
Authors: Kato Fumihiro , Hishiki Takayuki
Published: May 2016

Dengue, the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease, is caused by the dengue virus (DENV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, and is a considerable public health threat in over 100 countries, with 2.5 billion people living in high-risk areas. However, no specific antiviral drug or licensed vaccine currently targets DENV infection. The replicon system has all the factors needed for viral replication in cells. Since the development of replicon systems, transient and stable reporter replicons, as well as reporter viruses, have been used in the study of various virological aspects of DENV and in the identification of DENV inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the DENV reporter replicon system and its applications in high-throughput screening (HTS) for identification of anti-DENV inhibitors. We also describe the use of this system in elucidation of the mechanisms of virus replication and viral dynamics in vivo and in vitro.
Forecasting Tourism Demand with Google Trends For a Major European City Destination
Authors: Önder Irem , Gunter Ulrich
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether using Google Trends indices for web and image search improves tourism demand forecast accuracy relative to a purely autoregressive baseline model. To this end, Vienna—one of the top-10 European city destinations—is chosen
as a case example for which the predictive power of Google Trends is evaluated at the total demand and at the source market levels. The effect of the search query language on predictability of arrivals is considered, and differences between seasonal and seasonally adjusted data are investigated.
The results confirm that the forecast accuracy is improved when Google Trends data are included across source markets and forecast horizons for seasonal and seasonally adjusted data, leaning toward native language searches. This outperformance not only holds relative to purely autoregressive
baseline specifications but also relative to time-series models such as Holt–Winters and naive benchmarks, in which the latter are significantly outperformed on a regular basis.
Determinants of Destination Loyalty and the Mediating Role of Tourist Satisfaction
Authors: Nilplub Chartaya , Khang Do Ba , Krairit Donyaprueth
Published: May 2016

Within the tourism literature, many researchers recognize destination loyalty to be critical for the sustainable development of tourist destinations during the mature stage of life cycle. This study features a structural model designed to identify the most important determinants of tourist loyalty, with a specific focus on the complex role of tourist satisfaction. Empirical results based on a representative sample of 483 international tourists in Thailand reveal that the satisfaction of tourists fully mediates the effects of push and pull motivations and perceived value for money on destination loyalty, and that it partially mediates the relationship between perceived service quality and destination loyalty. These findings suggest that the success of efforts by destination management organizations to attract return travelers pivots on building tourist satisfaction. Destination managers should also continuously improve and measure tourists' perceptions of service quality at tourism destinations.
Understanding the Role of Social Influences In Festival Revisiting Intentions: Comparison Between First-timers and Repeaters
Authors: Choo Hyungsuk , Petrick James F.
Published: May 2016

This study examines and compares the role of social influence in festival revisit intentions between first-time and repeat visitors by adopting Kelman's social influence theory. A multiple group analysis with partial least squares was conducted using the data collected from an onsite
survey. The results of the analysis revealed that there was a distinct difference in social influence between first-time visitors' and repeat visitors' revisit intentions to the festival. It was also found that social identity was the best predictor of repeaters' revisit intentions, whereas
subjective norms were the best predictor for first-timers' revisit intentions. Conclusion and implications for research and practice are discussed.
Barcelona: New Stakeholders and New Images in Social Media Reviews
Authors: Garay Lluís , Cànoves Gemma
Published: May 2016

Image creation for destinations is undergoing a revolution based on the consolidation of spaces on the Internet as well as the Internet's capacity to empower new actors (or stakeholders) and discourses. The literature emphasizes the role of websites and travel blogs as key spaces in
generating this image, strengthening the actions of official entities, service providers, and travel bloggers in its projection as well as highlighting the lack of communication between them. Using the case of the Turisme de Barcelona website and TripAdvisor forum, the present article
goes a step further, analyzing the increasing role of social media in this process, as social media give both past and future travelers as well as residents the ability to generate destination images in a dialogue-based discourse that gives a deeper and clearer vision of diverse resources—particular
tourism products—and urban spaces. This user-generated content can be useful for destination management organizations in adapting resources and infrastructures to tourists as well as residents.
Tight junction between endothelial cells: the interaction between nanoparticles and blood vessels
Authors: Zhang Yue , Yang Wan-Xi
Published: May 2016

Since nanoparticles are now widely applied as food additives, in cosmetics and other industries, especially in medical therapy and diagnosis, we ask here whether nanoparticles can cause several adverse effects to human health. In this review, based on research on nanotoxicity, we mainly discuss the negative influence of nanoparticles on blood vessels in several aspects and the potential mechanism for nanoparticles to penetrate endothelial layers of blood vessels, which are the sites of phosphorylation of tight junction proteins (claudins, occludins, and ZO (Zonula occludens)) proteins, oxidative stress and shear stress. We propose a connection between the presence of nanoparticles and the regulation of the tight junction, which might be the key approach for nanoparticles to penetrate endothelial layers and then have an impact on other tissues and organs.
A robust synthesis of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin
Authors: Bender Matthias , Mouritsen Henrik , Christoffers Jens
Published: May 2016

The biosynthetic precursor of redox cofactor F420, 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin, was prepared in four steps from 6-chlorouracil, 2-chloro-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and bis-isopropylidene protected D-ribose. The latter aldehyde was transformed to the corresponding protected ribitylamine via the oxime, which was submitted to reduction with LiAlH4. Key advantage compared to previous syntheses is the utilization of a polyol-protective group which allowed the chromatographic purification of a key-intermediate product providing the target compound with high purity.
COLD MILKY WAY H i GAS IN FILAMENTS
Authors: Kalberla P. M. W. , Kerp J. , Haud U. , Winkel B. , Bekhti N. Ben , Flöer L. , Lenz D.
Published: May 2016

We investigate data from the Galactic Effelsberg-Bonn H i  Survey, supplemented with data from the third release of the Galactic All Sky Survey (GASS III) observed at Parkes. We explore the all-sky distribution of the local Galactic H i  gas with

∣

v

LSR

∣

<
25

km s−1 on angular scales of 11′–16′. Unsharp masking is applied to extract small-scale features. We find cold filaments that are aligned with polarized dust emission and conclude that the cold neutral medium (CNM) is mostly organized in sheets that are, because of projection effects, observed as filaments. These filaments are associated with dust ridges, aligned with the magnetic field measured on the structures by Planck at 353 GHz. The CNM above latitudes

∣
b
∣

>
20
°

is described by a log-normal distribution, with a median Doppler temperature T
D = 223 K, derived from observed line widths that include turbulent contributions. The median neutral hydrogen (H i) column density is N
H i
 ≃ 1019.1 cm−2. These CNM structures are embedded within a warm neutral medium with N
H i
 ≃ 1020 cm−2. Assuming an average distance of 100 pc, we derive for the CNM sheets a thickness of ≲0.3 pc. Adopting a magnetic field strength of B
tot = (6.0 ± 1.8) μG, proposed by Heiles & Troland, and assuming that the CNM filaments are confined by magnetic pressure, we estimate a thickness of 0.09 pc. Correspondingly, the median volume density is in the range 14 ≲ n ≲ 47 cm−3.
A COLD FLARE WITH DELAYED HEATING
Authors: Fleishman Gregory D. , Pal'shin Valentin D. , Meshalkina Natalia , Lysenko Alexandra L. , Kashapova Larisa K. , Altyntsev Alexander T.
Published: May 2016

Recently, a number of peculiar flares have been reported that demonstrate significant nonthermal particle signatures with low, if any, thermal emission, which implies a close association of the observed emission with the primary energy release/electron acceleration region. This paper presents a flare that appears “cold” at the impulsive phase, while displaying delayed heating later on. Using hard X-ray data from Konus-Wind, microwave observations by SSRT, RSTN, NoRH, and NoRP, context observations, and three-dimensional modeling, we study the energy release, particle acceleration, and transport, and the relationships between the nonthermal and thermal signatures. The flaring process is found to involve the interaction between a small loop and a big loop with the accelerated particles divided roughly equally between them. Precipitation of the electrons from the small loop produced only a weak thermal response because the loop volume was small, while the electrons trapped in the big loop lost most of their energy in the coronal part of the loop, which resulted in coronal plasma heating but no or only weak chromospheric evaporation, and thus unusually weak soft X-ray emission. The energy losses of the fast electrons in the big tenuous loop were slow, which resulted in the observed delay of the plasma heating. We determined that the impulsively accelerated electron population had a beamed angular distribution in the direction of the electric force along the magnetic field of the small loop. The accelerated particle transport in the big loop was primarily mediated by turbulent waves, which is similar to other reported cold flares.
THE GALACTIC O-STAR SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY (GOSSS). III. 142 ADDITIONAL O-TYPE SYSTEMS*
Authors: Apellániz J. Maíz , Sota A. , Arias J. I. , Barbá R. H. , Walborn N. R. , Simón-Díaz S. , Negueruela I. , Marco A. , Leão J. R. S. , Herrero A. , Gamen R. C. , Alfaro E. J.
Published: May 2016

This is the third installment of the Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS), a massive spectroscopic survey of Galactic O stars, based on new homogeneous, high signal-to-noise ratio, R ∼ 2500 digital observations selected from the Galactic O-Star Catalog. In this paper, we present 142 additional stellar systems with O stars from both hemispheres, bringing the total of O-type systems published within the project to 590. Among the new objects, there are 20 new O stars. We also identify 11 new double-lined spectroscopic binaries, 6 of which are of O+O type and 5 of O+B type, and an additional new tripled-lined spectroscopic binary of O+O+B type. We also revise some of the previous GOSSS classifications, present some egregious examples of stars erroneously classified as O-type in the past, introduce the use of luminosity class IV at spectral types O4-O5.5, and adapt the classification scheme to the work of Arias et al.
Alloimmunity and Tolerance in Corneal Transplantation
Authors: Amouzegar Afsaneh , Chauhan Sunil K. , Dana Reza
Published: May 2016

Corneal transplantation is one of the most prevalent and successful forms of solid tissue transplantation. Despite favorable outcomes, immune-mediated graft rejection remains the major cause of corneal allograft failure. Although low-risk graft recipients with uninflamed graft beds enjoy a success rate ∼90%, the rejection rates in inflamed graft beds or high-risk recipients often exceed 50%, despite maximal immune suppression. In this review, we discuss the critical facets of corneal alloimmunity, including immune and angiogenic privilege, mechanisms of allosensitization, cellular and molecular mediators of graft rejection, and allotolerance induction.
Avaliação da consulta de enfermagem aos pacientes com tuberculose na atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Oliveira Déborah Raquel Carvalho de , Enders Bertha Cruz , Vieira Caroline Evelin Nascimento Kluczynick , Mariz Larissa Soares
Published: May 2016

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a consulta de enfermagem aos pacientes com tuberculose. Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, realizado em município do nordeste brasileiro, com 60 enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde, mediante aplicação de questionário baseado no protocolo da consulta de enfermagem ao paciente com tuberculose do Ministério da Saúde. Elementos da coleta de dados eram mais abordados, ocorrendo, na anamnese e exame físico, a supervalorização das queixas (100% sempre investigavam) e da mensuração do peso do paciente (96,8% realizavam). Os diagnósticos de enfermagem, planejamento, implementação e avaliação do plano terapêutico não eram realizados completamente e aspectos socioculturais eram subestimados. Essa fragmentação pode contribuir como deficiência na operacionalização do Plano de Controle da Tuberculose. A Consulta de Enfermagem, se ampliada científica e tecnologicamente pode favorecer o desenvolvimento dos programas de saúde e a minimização de entraves que permeiam o controle da Tuberculose.
Review of the Relationship between Board Attributes and Firm Performance
Authors: Kakanda Mohammed Mahmud , Salim Basariah , Chandren Sitraselvi
Published: May 2016

Corporate governance over the years has become an issue of global concern due to the 2008 economic crisis and several financial scandals and corporate failures. This has drawn the attention of policy makers, researchers, investors and regulatory institutions. Moreover, the most significant mechanism of corporate governance is board of directors. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review previous studies that examine the relationship between board attributes and firm performance, and to identify possible literature gaps. For the purpose of this review, related materials were being gathered from Emerald management e-Journals and Research Gate database. The paper synthesizes empirical findings on the relationship between selected dimensions of board attributes and firm performance. The paper identifies shortcoming of past studies and concluded by offering some avenues for future researches in this promising area of empirical research. 
Occupy Strikes Back: Strike Debt's Slave Revolt
Authors: Julin Grant
Published: May 2016

This article offers a Nietzschean analysis of Occupy Wall Street offshoot Strike Debt to defend the movement as an authentic application of his moral theory. In addition, it argues that Strike Debt's tactics, independent of any Nietzschean justification, offer a just, nonviolent, and effective means to empower debtors against the exploitative and oppressive forces of debt culture.
Acompañando el Fortalecimiento de Capacidades Organizativas con Emprendedores y Emprendedoras Comunitarios: Lineamientos Metodológicos
Authors: Córdoba Brenes Karla , Pereyra López Jilma
Published: May 2016

Partiendo de la investigación Construyendo juntos/as nuestra realidad: Propuesta de Lineamientos Metodológicos de Acompañamiento para Procesos de Fortalecimiento de Capacidades Organizativas con Emprendedores y Emprendedoras Comunitarios se presenta en este artículo el resultado del análisis documental, del Estudio de Caso y del comparativo de experiencias, desde los cuales se teoriza y se proponen Lineamientos Metodológicos de Acompañamiento, guías generales para el planeamiento y diseño de este tipo de procesos. El análisis documental permite plantear una sólida fundamentación teórica, conceptual y metodológica para el desarrollo de la investigación. Por otra parte, el Estudio de Caso permite profundizar en el proceso en estudio, su contexto, sus aciertos y desaciertos. El análisis comparativo aporta perspectiva y contexto. Se busca así, rescatar las mejores experiencias para el planteamiento de posibles escenarios futuros de implementación de procesos similares. Estos escenarios parten de la clasificación de los procesos en aquellos con Enfoque en Negocios (EN) y aquellos con Enfoque en Capacidades Organizativas (ECO), y propone que la combinación de estos elementos debe ser intencionada puesto que influye en el fortalecimiento de capacidades para la implementación de Estrategias Asociativas (EA) por parte de emprendedoras y emprendedores comunitarios.
Cooperación genuina en Red para la Educación Humanista Integral
Authors: Ortega Pantoja Beatriz , Gallardo Gómez Luis Rigoberto
Published: May 2016

El artículo expone resultados de la investigación cualitativa de una articulación de instituciones educativas de casi 3 décadas de vida. Se ha hallado que estos actores educativos institucionales diferentes, que al inicio de la experiencia se hallaban individualizados y dispersos, gracias a un largo proceso formativo que incluyó múltiples ideas y actividades, paulatinamente se han ido moviendo hacia su conformación en términos de un sujeto social con mirada EcoPerSocial, que opera mediante la cooperación genuina y se organiza en Red para impulsar un proyecto de transformación social: la educación humanista integral.
El desarrollo de los Talleres de Evaluación, Programación y Capacitación educativa TEPCE y su aplicabilidad en el aula multinivel del preescolar
Authors: Hernández Pérez Sandra Ivania , Cuadra Pineda Hosny Edith , González Vellecillo Kenia María , Benavides Laguna Juana De Jesús
Published: May 2016

Este trabajo trata sobre el Desarrollo de los Talleres de Evaluación, Programación y Capacitación Educativa (TEPCE), y su aplicabilidad en el aula de clases multinivel del preescolar Janeth Rodríguez del municipio de Pueblo Nuevo, Estelí, en el segundo semestre del año 2014. En esta investigación se analiza la relación que existe entre el desarrollo de los TEPCE y la aplicación en el aula de clases, como facilita los procesos de planificación y evaluación y su incidencia en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de los niños y niñas de Educación Inicial. El método utilizado fue el cualitativo con enfoque descriptivo el cual permitió diseñar instrumentos de recolección de la información apropiados para analizar el fenómeno de acuerdo a la realidad estudiada, entre estos esta la entrevista, observación y grupo focal. Al concluir el presente estudio se determinó que no existe relación entre las estrategias metodológicas orientadas en el desarrollo de los TEPCE y las puestas en práctica en el aula de clase, debido a que en el TEPCE no se están orientando nuevas estrategias, además se llegó a la conclusión que la principal desventaja en el desarrollo de los TEPCE es el tiempo, ya que en el tiempo asignado para su desarrollo se dan otras actividades.
Nicaragua y las energías limpias
Authors: López Herrera Eduardo
Published: May 2016

La naturaleza le ha dado a Nicaragua una gran fortaleza en cuanto a las energías limpias que posee, aptas para su explotación racional y en provecho de la población y de la preservación del medio ambiente, sobre todo en este contexto tan complejo que vivimos, signado por el calentamiento global y sus consecuencias, que hoy vivimos.
The Quality of Written Prescriptions Received at Dental Laboratories in Tabriz, Iran
Authors: Koodaryan Roodabeh , Hafezeqoran Ali
Published: May 2016

AIM: This study was aimed at evaluating the quality of written prescriptions for fixed and removable prosthesis in Tabriz, northwest Iran.

METHODS: To assess the quality of written prescriptions for fixed and removable partial dentures, a total of 600 questionnaires were distributed among 15 licensed dental laboratories receiving both fixed and removable prosthesis projects. The technicians were instructed to complete the questionnaires for all the received projects of fixed and removable partial prostheses and the responses were evaluated.

RESULTS: Only 9.3% of prescriptions had clearly mentioned the status of disinfection. The patient’s demographic data (age and sex) was noted in 41.3% of written prescription. Information about the shade, ceramic veneering area, and margin design of fixed partial dentures were determined in 82.6%, 16.3%, and 13.3% of cases, respectively. The number of pontics was mentioned in 41% and pontic design in 11% of written prescriptions. For removable partial prostheses, the clasp type and position and connector design were specified in 47.7% and 30.7% of cases, respectively. However, artificial tooth molds were only mentioned in 27.3% of prescriptions.

CONCLUSION: Unfortunately, written prescriptions were mostly incomplete which may adversely affect the quality of prosthetic treatment. 
Barriers and Challenges of Female Adult Students Enrolled in Higher Education: A Literature Review
Authors: Lin Xi
Published: May 2016

The present study is a review of the literature concerning the barriers and challenges of female adult students enrolled in colleges and universities in the United States. Findings indicated that the commitments of multiple roles, lower level of self-confidence, and insufficient family and social support were the most significant variables related to the barriers and challenges of this population. Suggestions and implications of assisting this student group are discussed. The purpose of the current study is to raise people’s awareness and to understand the difficulties female adult students endure. It is also expected that family, peers, schools, and communities will offer more help to this special student group.
President Jacob Zuma and South Africa’s Financial Crisis: A Machivellian Debacle
Authors: Karodia Anis Mahomed , Soni Paresh
Published: May 2016

The paper is a continuation of a research article published in the same journal in the month of March, 2016. A new dimension has now entered the equation in terms of the fiscal and economic quagmire and, crisis that, South Africa is confronted with. The paper argues President Jacob Zuma’s (South African President) Machiavellian tendencies in respect of moving from one blunder to another by removing the capable and performing Minister of Finance, Nene and replacing him with a novice in the form of David Desmond van Rooyen, a Parliamentary backbencher, and without any tangible experience. Former Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan was recalled as Finance Minister having served in this position from May 2009 to May 2014. This was a blunder of gigantic proportions. South Africa therefore had three Ministers of Finance within one week. The paper will attempt to unpack these and many other issues in this article which adds to the woes of South Africa’s economic and fiscal crisis. Technically, the paper will argue that the Machiavellian President scorns the economy and, is obsessed with power at any cost.
Cell-Assisted Lipotransfer Using Autologous Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells for Alleviation of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema
Authors: Toyserkani Navid Mohamadpour , Jensen Charlotte Harken , Sheikh Søren Paludan , Sørensen Jens Ahm
Published: May 2016

Lymphedema is one of the most frequent side effects following cancer treatment, and treatment opportunities for it are currently lacking. Stem cell therapy has been proposed as a possible novel treatment modality. This study was the first case in which freshly isolated adipose-derived stromal cells were used to treat lymphedema. Treatment was given as a cell-assisted lipotransfer in which 4.07 × 107 cells were injected with 10 ml of lipoaspirate in the axillary region. Four months after treatment, the patient reported a great improvement in daily symptoms, reduction in need for compression therapy, and volume reduction of her affected arm. There were no adverse events. The outcome for this patient provides support for the potential use of cellular therapy for lymphedema treatment. We have begun a larger study to further test the feasibility and safety of this procedure (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02592213).

Significance

Lymphedema is a very debilitating side effect of cancer treatment and has very few treatment options. Stem cell therapy has the potential to change the treatment paradigm from a conservative to a more curative approach. Freshly isolated, autologous, adipose-derived stromal cells were combined with a fat-graft procedure to treat lymphedema. The treated patient had great improvement in daily symptoms, a reduced need for compression therapy, and a reduction in arm volume after 4 months. There were no adverse events. The use of cellular therapy for lymphedema treatment is supported by this patient's outcome. A phase II study has begun to further test its feasibility and safety.
Art-gumentación en un discurso turístico virtual. Madrid en la página web de Turespaña: Spain.info
Authors: Chapuis Laurence , Herrero Riquelme Rocío , Gomes-Franco e Silva Flávia
Published: May 2016

Turespaña es un organismo creado con el propósito de acometer acciones en el exterior para la promoción de España como destino turístico, por lo que era fundamental que tuviera una persuasiva presencia en Internet. Basándonos en el análisis argumentativo de Amossy, estudiamos la estrategia discursiva desarrollada en la página de Madrid del portal de Spain.info para convencer al visitante virtual de viajar a la capital. Así, en ese contexto digital, mostramos cómo el locutor construye su imagen (ethos) y la de su destinatario, y maneja las relaciones entre ambos para cumplir con sus objetivos.
Q de calidad y satisfacción del turista en el sector hotelero español
Authors: Fuentes Medina M. Lilibeth , Hernández Estárico Estefanía , Morini Marrero Sandra
Published: May 2016

España ha centrado la mejora de la competitividad de sus destinos turísticos en la calidad del servicio, desarrollado a través de la marca «Q de calidad turística». En este trabajo, se contrasta si el esfuerzo realizado por los hoteles en alcanzar este estándar de calidad, es percibido por el turista que se aloja en el mismo de manera general o si se centra en alguna dimensión particular del servicio. Los resultados revelan que, para la muestra analizada, la calidad reconocida influye en la satisfacción que obtiene el cliente en ese establecimiento de forma diferente según la dimensión objeto de estudio.
El perfil del visitante en Santiago de Compostela: tradición y actualidad
Authors: Pérez Guilarte Yamilé , Lois González Rubén Camilo
Published: May 2016

Este trabajo estudia el perfil del visitante en Santiago de Compostela y lo compara con el de otros destinos culturales del mundo. Se tomó como base la metodología de ATLAS y se realizaron 400 encuestas a visitantes. Se aprecia el perfil del tradicional turista cultural de edad madura que viaja por vacaciones. Experimenta más motivación por el ambiente del lugar que por el aporte de conocimiento. Asimismo, considera que la arquitectura histórica es el mayor atractivo de Santiago, aunque muestra interés por actividades culturales que impliquen una experiencia más creativa y participativa.