bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy
Authors: Gaydar B V , Tsygan V N , Shvets V A , Palii K A , Tsvetkov S A , Baretskaya A E
Published: July 2021

The main events related to the assignment of the «Imperial» Medical and Surgical Academy status are considered. In the days of the celebration of the Academy’s 100th anniversary, publications dedicated to this event asserted that grateful offspring would always honor the memory of the Academy high Founders and Patrons. Our great predecessors, who celebrated the jubilee ideologically and organizationally, had recognized and honored Emperor Paul I as its founder. But the name and status the «Imperia Academy» was received from the hands» of Emperor Alexander I. On August 27, 1808, the Medical Surgical Academy, which had received Permission to be called Imperial, that was, a new quality (education) and other rights, the advantages granted to it, opened its first solemn meeting. That day, in our opinion, can claim to be considered the Birthday of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy. We emphasize that it is only about of the «Imperial» status. At that meeting the president of the academy James Wylie announced that the emperor «deigned to take on the title of Honorary Member of the Academy». On September 18, 1809, another great celebration took place in the Assembly Hall of the Academy devoted Alexander I and other High Men receiving the title of Honorary Members of the Academy. At the same time, the Emperor «showed his special favor to the Academy and bestowed upon it the Highest Charter, which «protects the rights and advantages of the Academy for all time». The most important provision of the Highest Charter was that, as a pledge of special imperial favor, the Medical and Surgical Academy was given the title of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy. That great celebration, its ritual procedure were reflected in the academic records: a thanksgiving service in the name of the Smolensk Mother of God in the academic church; the arrival of guests to a large academic audience (Assembly Hall, Conference Hall), members of the State Council, members of the Holy Synod, government ministers, foreign ministers; the arrival of Emperor Alexander I in «the Academy house»; the announcement of the Highest Diploma; the presentation of the diploma by the Minister of Internal Affairs Prince A. Kurakin to Emperor Alexander I; the highest order to present the diploma of the Academy; the receipt of the diploma by the President of the academy James Wylie and his thank-you speech; receiving diplomas Honorary Members of the Academy; election of new Honorary Members of the Academy; final speech of the President of the Academy; a visit to the Emperor of the academic church; breakfast of the Emperor in the dining room and his departure from the academy; further celebrations in the academy.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF AMINO ACIDS IN THE ORGANOTYPIC CULTURE OF THE ECTODERMAL GENESIS TISSUES AT THE CYCLOPHOSPHANE PRESENCE
Authors: Chalisova N I , Korovin A E
Published: July 2021

The effect of the 20 coded amino acids was investigated on the development of the processes of the proliferation in the organotypic tissue culture of rat skin and brain cortex. Some amino acids at 0.05 ng/ml concentration stimulated the cellular proliferation in the growth zone of explants. The other inhibited it. The combination of the stimulating and inhibiting amino acids - Leucine with Proline or Tyrosine-, lead to the proliferation stimulation by 24-32%. The mustard-like agent cyclophosphane at 1 mg/ml concentration inhibited the cellular proliferation. However, the delay of this inhibiting effect of cyclophosphane was observed by the using of combination of amino acids with cyclophosphane. Thus, the amino acids can be protectors of the cellular proliferation by the toxic effect of the cyclophosphane on the tissues of the ectodermal genesis. This effect can be used for the treatment of the mustard injury of skin, brain cortex and for the delay of the adverse effect of cytostatic in oncology
EXPERIMENTAL JUSTIFICATION OF MODELING OF THE LIVER ABCESSES
Authors: Alipov V VI , Lebedev M S , Musaelyan A G , Mustafaeva D R , Alipov A I , Avanesyan G A
Published: July 2021

Goal. Develop a model of purulent liver abscess (GAP), which corresponds to all the classic signs of a delimited abscess. Material and methods. Simulation of GAP was carried out in an experiment on 60 laboratory animals. Under ultrasound control (UC), a double-lumen Fogerty catheter was inserted into the established portion of the liver, a cystic cavity was formed in 3 days, which was infected and after 3 days GAP was obtained. In the modeling of GAP, clinical, planimetric, microbiological, morphological and instrumental methods of investigation were used. Results. On the third day of the experiment, a round cystic cavity of the liver with a diameter of 1,8 cm3 was formed. Three days after infection, a classic purulent abscess develops, surrounded by a dense wall formed from the liver parenchyma. As a result of the experiment, a clinical, microbiological, morphological and instrumental justification for modeling GAP with all its classic features was obtained. The conclusion. The proposed method for modeling purulent liver abscess is economically and technically profitable, minimally traumatic, provides guaranteed formation of classical GAP in the shortest possible time.
TRANSFISTULAR NANOELECTROIMPULSE LITHOTRIPSY IN THE TREATMENT OF CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS
Authors: Babak A I , Mozhaeva E A , Raskovalov D A , Andrienko I S , Prudkov M I
Published: July 2021

In 2003, Russian developers proposed a new method of crushing stones by electric impulses of nanosecond duration, which has several advantages over contact electrohydraulic lithotripsy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibilities of transfistular nanoelectroimpulse lithotripsy (NEIL) in the treatment of choledocholithiasis. A nanoelectroimpulse lithotriptor "Urolit", manufactured by Medline Ltd. (Tomsk, Russia), was used to break down the gallstones. 66 patients with large and/or unmovable bile duct stones and bile ducts drains were performed transfistular NEIL. It was successful in 63 patients (95.5%). NEIL made it possible to perform removal of large and/or unmovable gallstones without destroying the sphincters of the major duodenal papilla in 89% cases. Transfistular NEIL is a new highly effective and safe method of crushing gallstones.
THE STRUCTURE OF THYROID NODULES IN CHILDREN SUBJECTED TO SURGICAL TREATMENT
Authors: Gostimskii A V , Skorodok Y L , Taraikovich A A , Peredereev S S
Published: July 2021

The article provides the literary information and the results of our own research on the structure of the thyroid nodules in operated children.The clinical significance of nodular neoplasms of the thyroid gland is determined by the relatively high risk of carcinomas. Along with this, the relevance of this research is due to the increasing of surgical interventions and the fact that the features of nodules in children and tactics of management of patients remain debatable.The aim of the work was to study the structure of thyroid nodules in childrenin various age groups. The case histories of 225 operated childrenfrom 4 to 17 years oldfrom 2007 to 2017 were analyzed. Nodular neoplasms of the thyroid in children were more common. Tumor-like diseases - colloid nodes in childhood were rare, only in 2.2% of cases. The high incidence of thyroid cancer (35.6%) under the mask of nodal goiter determines active surgical tactics in patients with nodal neoplasms in childhood.
VIRIATION OF THE EXTERNAL BRANCH OF THE SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE
Authors: Malyuga V Y , Kuprin A A
Published: July 2021

Till now, there is no universal clinical classification about variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve despite the multiple classifications that was proposed. The aim of this research is identification and systematization of topographic types of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. The study is based on the autopsy material (21 complexes organs of the neck) and on identification of variations of 40 external branches of the superior laryngeal nerve. We identify two permanent landmark that are located at the minimum distance from nerve and on which we made metrical calculations: oblique line of thyroid cartilage, tendinous arch of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. The “entry” point of the nerve is always located on the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle,and not protruding beyond the oblique line of thyroid cartilage superiorly and tendinous arch of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle anteriorly. The proposed topographic classification of the location of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is based on localization of point of pierced of the nerve relating to the length of the oblique line of thyroid cartilage. In 64.2% of cases, the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was in close proximity to the upper pole of the thyroid gland, which could lead to its damage during surgery (type I and II). In type III and IV (35.8%) - the point of "entry" in the muscle was located as far as possible from the upper pole of the thyroid gland, and most of the nerve was covered by the fibers of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.
RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION IN TREATMENT OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE WITH BARRETT’S ESOPHAGUS
Authors: Puchkov K V , Khabarova E V , Tishchenko E S
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate results of treatment of patients with Barrett’s esophagus, including radiofrequency ablation of columnar epithelium with antireflux surgery. METHODS: We treated82 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease withBarrett’s esophagus between 2011 and 2018. 4 patients had low-grade dysplasia, 63 patients had hiatal hernia. We performed laparoscopic Toupet 2700 fundoplication in 58 of these patients.This allowedto perform radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedure 2-3 months later in 27 of these patients. In 12 patients without radiological signs of hiatal hernia we performed RFA as the first treatment step. Follow-up endoscopy was performed 3,6 and 12 months after RFA. RESULTS: Metaplasia eradication wasachieved in 97,5% after 1 procedure and in 100% after 2 procedures. 6 months after treatment recurrence of metaplasia was registered in 2,4% patients. CONCLUSIONS: Changing security profile of new endoscopic treatment methods indicates the need for new strategies for Barrett’s esophagus. The most effective scheme is two-step treatment including antireflux surgery and radiofrequency ablation in combination with drug therapy.
PNEUMATIC CONTACT TRANSURETHRAL ureterOLITHOTRIPSY in emergency urological practice
Authors: Ryazantsev V E , Antipkin I I , Ryazantsev E V , Khoshnaw A M , Larina V S
Published: July 2021

Relevance. Minimally invasive methods of removing the ureteral calculus in urological practice have steadily taken the leading position. According to the Russian clinical recommendations the indications for endoscopic correction of ureteral calculus are concrements with a low probable passage, constant pain symptomatic on the background of adequate analgesia, the varying degrees of obstruction severity and impaired renal function. The purpose of the work is to assess the efficacy of transurethral pneumatic contact lithotripsy of ureteral calculus in emergency urological practice. The research tasks included the refinement of the endoscopic lithotripsy results, depending on the localization level among men and women. Materials and methods. The results of endoscopic treatment of ureteral calculus among 360 patients of both sexes, hospitalized in a urological hospital with emergency indications of a renal colic diagnosis, are presented. Results. The efficiency of retrograde pneumatic contact ureterolithotripsy reached 91.8 %. The most optimal this method is with the localization of calculus in the lower third of the ureter, regardless of the concrement size and sex. The percentage of the calculus fragmentation of the middle third of the ureter among men and women was 91.6 and 93.4 respectively. The lithotripsy in the upper part of the ureter was 23.6 % more effective among women. Operational complications were registered in 7.5 % cases.
Criteria for the morphological diagnosis of sepsis
Authors: Chirsky V. S. , Yuzvinkevich A. K. , Andreeva E. A.
Published: July 2021

80 cases of lethal outcomes with a clinical diagnosis of sepsis were analyzed. Data on the performance of in vivo microbiological blood tests were in 26 cases, and after sending blood and pieces of organs in 45 observations. Along with the estimated data of microbiological studies, an analysis of the presence and severity of gn-metastasis was carried out. In 31 cases, the pathoanatomical diagnosis was confirmed - metastatic purulent foci were found in the internal organs. When re-examining archival micropreparations, special attention is paid to finding inconspicuous small metastatic septic foci (mini foci) in the myocardium, kidneys, and brain. Signs of microcirculatory lesions were also evaluated for severity: endothelial damage, activation of the blood coagulation system, increased permeability and inflammatory response. All observations, in which an in vivo microbiological study was conducted, were divided into two groups: with gram-positive bacteremia and gram-negative bacteremia. The assessment of the severity of purulent metastasis as a function of the microflora emitted during microbiological examination was carried out. It was revealed that gram-negative microflora is characterized by the absence or minimally expressed metastatic foci in the form of mini-foci. A comparison was made of the number of signs of microcirculation disorders in gram-negative and gram-positive sepsis. The obtained ratio made it possible to consider the pronounced and widespread signs of damage to the endothelium (desquamation of the endothelium, release of single neutrophils, the phenomenon of marginal standing, fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel walls) as objective microscopic criteria in favor of gram-negative sepsis.
Puncture radiofrequency ablation for treatment of vertebral pain syndrome
Authors: Martsynishina K. Yu. , Bulyshchenko G. G. , Gaivoronsky A. I. , Lapshin R. A. , Belyakov K. V. , Bannikov S. A. , Svistov D. V.
Published: July 2021

The safety and effectiveness of puncture radiofrequency thermal and pulsed effects on the spinal nerves and their branches in the treatment of patients suffering from degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine are evaluated. The study included clinical and experimental parts. In the clinical part of the study, the treatment results of 96 patients with degenerative- dystrophic diseases of the spine were analyzed. 66 patients underwent radiofrequency denervation of the intervertebral joints and radiofrequency modulation of the spinal ganglia. 30 patients received conservative treatment. The observation period was 12 months. The dynamics of the severity of pain on a digital rating scale and the degree of disability according to the Oswestry questionnaire a year after treatment were studied. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of radiofrequency denervation of the intervertebral joints and radiofrequency modulation of the spinal ganglia with the effectiveness of conservative treatment was performed. In the experimental part of the study, histological changes in the spinal nerves and their nodes after radiofrequency pulse modulation were studied in 14 rats of the standard breed. The results of the study showed the high clinical efficacy of radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of vertebrogenic pain syndromes and the safety of the procedure, as well as its significant advantage over conservative treatment. Thus, radiofrequency denervation of the intervertebral joints and radiofrequency pulse modulation of the sensitive nodes of the spinal nerves, being relatively safe procedures, can significantly improve the quality of life and significantly reduce the severity of pain in patients with facet syndrome in the cervical spine from 7 to 0,5 points, in in the thoracic region – from 6,5 to 1 point and in the lumbar region – from 8 to 2 points, in patients with radiculopathy – from 8 to 2 points on a digital rating scale.
Comparison of ultrasound protocols in diagnostic of lesions of pneumonia
Authors: Zhirnova E. A. , Lahin R. E. , Shchegolev A. V. , Grachev I. N.
Published: July 2021

The use of ultrasound examination of the lungs gives an idea of the lung tissue, lesion volume and affect the tactics of treatment. However, different lungs ultrasound examination protocols gives the opportunity to get different data. Using ROC analysis by standard of computed tomography were compared the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound techniques, specifically the protocol for bedside ultrasound examination of the lungs, as well as the 4-zone and 9-zone protocols in the diagnosis of pneumonia. It was revealed that the sensitivity of the researched protocols was 97, 93 and 97%, respectively, specificity – 80, 80 and 90%, respectively. At the same time, the modified 9-zone scanning protocol makes it possible to more accurately search for pneumonic lesions, not only taking into account the lobar structure, but also taking into account the segments of the lungs. The sensitivity of the protocols of bedside ultrasound examination of the lungs, 4-zone and 9-zone in the diagnosis of pneumonic lesions in shares was 69, 80 and 97%, respectively, specificity – 60, 62 and 71%, respectively. The sensitivity of the protocols of bedside ultrasound examination of the lungs, 4-zone and 9-zone in the diagnosis of pneumonic lesions in segments was 73, 68 and 93%, respectively, specificity – 66, 68 and 92%, respectively. In the diagnosis of pneumonia, it is possible to use any of the three protocols with high specificity and sensitivity. The modified 9-zone scanning protocol makes possible to diagnose pneumonic lesions taking into account the lobar structure and taking into account the segmental structure of the lungs with higher sensitivity and specificity.
The results of estimating the quality of medical care which is presented by clinical statement of Saint-Petersburg of the «abdominal surgery» profile
Authors: Movchan K. N. , Scryabin O. N. , Tatarkin V. V. , Chernyshev D. A.
Published: July 2021

The results of surgery care of patients who have pathology of abdominal cavity in a multifunctional medical statement of Saint-Petersburg in 2017 are presented. The analysis was created via estimating the work of surgeons by quality of medical care experts. Beside of growing of operations performed by endoscopical technique, the percent of them in all operational structure is only 50% that nowadays could not be accepted. In some big hospitals of Saint-Petersburg there is no opportunity to change the balance of modes (acute/planning) of hospitalization of patients who have abdominal diseases. During some last years the balance is about 3 to 1, otherwise, the necessity of planning hospitalization cannot be ignored. Also, the effective work of medical care control staff can help guarantee the success of its activity in a whole speaking about medical care, and the organization and surgery- in particular. These services of medical care control in a medical statement allow us to considering that during the medical care of patients who have the diseases in «abdominal surgery» profile some mistakes can be occurred rarely. Some errors in surgical activity in case of these patients, are not technical, they just can be placed in errors of medical documentation that has no influence on medical care and on the exodus of a disease. By the way, these errors can cause a distortion the statistical data, misunderstanding between patients and could become a reason of quarrels of both sides. According to positive data of medical statement staff working organization of «abdominal surgery» profile, the expediency of systematical hike to estimating the results of activity of surgeons with making a decision timely is necessary.
Clinical and functional features of renal dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and arterial hypertension
Authors: Avakov B. E. , Kinvanlun I. G. , Davuzov R. R. , Dzhumabaev M. N. , Apchel V. Ya. , Dergunov A. V. , Kuttubaev O. T.
Published: July 2021

Clinical and functional features of renal dysfunction are considered in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and arterial hypertension. It was found that left atrial hypertrophy in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, without concomitant arterial hypertension, is 13,9%, with concomitant pathology – 9,37%. In the general group of patients, the frequency of the hypertrophic type of diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle occurs in 26,7% of cases. The revealed tendency to dilate the left atrium may be associated with impaired diastolic function of the left ventricle. In the group of patients with a combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and arterial hypertension, the frequency of remodeling of the right ventricle of the heart is significantly higher compared to the group of patients without arterial hypertension (21,3% versus 14%), which is due to the complex picture of structural changes in the right ventricle due to ventricular septal hypertrophy and its displacement towards the left ventricle. In addition, with a combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and arterial hypertension, the frequency of diastolic ventricular dysfunction is also significantly higher compared to the group of patients without arterial hypertension (51,1% versus 30,2%). At the same time, the frequency of right ventricular hypertrophy is less in comparison with a group of patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in combination with arterial hypertension. We believe that right ventricular myocardial hypertrophy is a very late and even optional stage in the development of chronic pulmonary heart and right ventricular heart failure, since right ventricular dilation occurs in the initial stage of the disease. Levels of cystatin C and microalbuminuria significantly increase as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease progresses. The presence of a correlation between these markers of renal dysfunction and heart remodeling parameters was revealed, which indicates the contribution of the hemodynamic factor to the progression of chronic kidney disease in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. An increase in the level of cystatin C in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is consistent with the results of studies by other authors. Moreover, such deviations are associated with the systemic effects of obstructive pulmonary disease.
Probabilistic predictive mathematical model of chronic respiratory conditions to reduce the risk of disability in case of poisoning with substances with a pulmonotoxic effect.
Authors: Vengerovich N G , Yudin M A , Konshakov Yu O , Chepur S V , Ivanov I M
Published: July 2021

In the experimental model of poisoning of rats with phosgene of severe degree (single administration in Tox dose 1 of Lt50 - 3.92 mgґmin/l), the parameters of the respiratory system and histopathological changes of the lung parenchyma were investigated. It was established that 45 days after exposure to phosgene, half of the surviving animals formed a complex of persistent physiological, functional, and structural changes in the syndrome of the syndrome and the chronic respiratory state (J68.4 ICD-10). The main independent predictors from the number of laboratory and functional parameters in the acute period of pulmonary toxicant poisoning (6 hours) were established by the method of mathematical analysis, on the basis of which a model was developed to predict the likelihood of chronic respiratory states in poisoned animals as consequences of severe phosgene poisoning. It is shown that an increase in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products in the blood plasma by 25% determines the likelihood of late effects of more than 0.95. The obtained mathematical model will allow predicting the characteristics of the flow of affected, in need of emergency medical prevention of chronic respiratory conditions in the provision of medical care in the acute period of pulmonary toxicity poisoning.
Transient subclinical neurological disorders after epidural anesthesia in patients operated on in the abdominal cavity
Authors: Gemua I. A. , Bogomolov B. N. , Levshankov A. I. , Tsvetkov V. G.
Published: July 2021

Subclinical signs of nerve neuropathy in the lower extremities after planned surgical intervention in the abdominal cavity are considered. It is known that the occurrence of neurological disorders in the early postoperative period is a rare complication that may be associated with regional anesthesia. The study involved 175 patients. In the first group (n=80), epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine and were combined for anesthesia. In the second group (n=95), only general combined anesthesia was performed. The study was carried out three days later and on the seventh day after the planned surgical intervention. Minimum changes in sensitivity on the lower extremities, sensory neuropathy were detected using monofilament testing and assessment of temperature sensitivity (cold test). Neurological deficits that could lead to the development of paresis, paralysis, as well as active complaints have not been established. The development of subclinical neuropathy after abdominal surgery was detected in both groups. After regional blockade (epidural anesthesia) with ropivacaine, the incidence of neuropathy on the 3rd day after surgery with monofilament testing was higher (7,5%) than after general anesthesia (2.1%; p = 0.048). The results obtained using monofilament testing were similar to the data of a cold sample (group 1 – 8,75%, group 2 – 2,1%; p=0,046). The detected sensory neuropathy was transient in nature, on the 7th day its effects regressed, residual effects of subclinical neuropathy remained in only one patient.
Parameters of the behind armor protrusion in the not penetrating of a ceramic body armor
Authors: Denisov A. V. , Tsurikov S. G. , Kotosov A. A. , Zhukov I. E. , Demchenko K. N. , Sabonis I. I.
Published: July 2021

The features of the formation of the rear deformation of the armored panel as the main mechanism for the development of an armored person’s armor injury protected by a bullet-proof vest during non-penetration using the modern research method - high-speed video filming are investigated. An analysis of the combat pathology of modern military conflicts has shown that a hit of an injuring element in a body of a serviceman protected by body armor can lead to injury to him, which differs in a number of indicators from a «classic» gunshot injury. These injuries are commonly referred to as behind armor blunt trauma in foreign literature or closed localized contusion injury in domestic sources. Closed injury of this etiology can manifest itself in the form of injuries of the skin and subcutaneous tissue with the formation of hemorrhages, and in injuries of internal organs, accompanied in severe cases by ruptures of the liver and lungs with the development of life-threatening complications – intense pneumothorax, intraperitoneal bleeding, etc. In the course of conducting experimental research, it was shown that the design of modern body armor allows effectively countering their penetration by most of the bullets of modern small arms ammunition, but does not completely level the magnitude of the impact pulse transmitted through armor to the protected object. The differences in the physical processes of the formation of rear deformation, which can lead to a direct deformation of a bulletproof vest in the case of «soft» armor based on ballistic fabrics, and to deformation with destruction in «hard» armor made of a ceramic composition are revealed. With the help of high-speed video filming of the impact of the striking element on the armor panel, the features of the behavior of the protective composition were visualized in time. The main amplitude – time parameters of the process of formation of the rear deformation (bulge) corresponding to the 2nd pressure peak in gelatin blocks and causing a local impact, characterizing the development of the temporary cavity that directly influences the severity of closed localized contusion injury, were evaluated. It is proved that the analysis of the characteristics of the subsequent process of movement of the armor plate itself, which leads to the action of a «distributed» impact on the torso, allows us to estimate the possible impact force of the entire armor panel on the object of protection and predict its biological consequences in the form of a blunt-injury blunt injury.
Social beliefs in young people of different ethno-linguistic groups
Authors: Uliukin I. M. , Berezovskii A. V. , Orlova E. S. , Sechin A. A. , Pavlova N. V.
Published: July 2021

It is considered that people have simple ideas about the friendliness and hostility of the world, about what the essence of other people is, how they behave in relation to others and how to respond to their actions. These ideas, subsequently called social beliefs, influence the political and ideological preferences of people, and, thus, their behavior. Social beliefs (faith in a dangerous world as a belief that society is chaotic, unpredictable and aggressive, and faith in a competitive world as a conviction that people around them lie, manipulate them and strive to «beat» him) in 113 young people different ethnic-speaking groups studied (average age 22,98±1,92 years) according to the Russian version of John Duckitt’s questionnaires to measure faith in a dangerous and competitive world. A higher average value of the indicator of methods testified to a stronger faith in a dangerous, competitive world. It was established that the indicators of faith in a dangerous world in all groups slightly exceed the average value of the questionnaire, which is probably due to the fact that people who believe in a dangerous world tend to security, maintain social order (in these countries it is observed to one degree or another severity of political and socio-economic problems, caused in each case by a specific situation). It has been noted that in all groups the indicator of belief in a dangerous world is significantly higher than the indicator of faith in a competitive world, probably because people who adhere to the theory of a «dangerous world» tend to adhere to social cohesion, collective security and social traditions (which is supported by the approval of benevolent sexism who appreciates women who are sexually active and is associated with a focus on right-wing authoritarianism, which is committed to social traditions). It is considered that social beliefs impede the satisfaction of needs for competence, communication and autonomy, so situational exposure facilitates the impact of individual variables on learning motivation.
Eхperimental pharmacotherapy of chronic cholecystitis of plant extract
Authors: Ferubko E. V. , Dargayeva T. D. , Nikolayev S. M.
Published: July 2021

The cholagogue effect of the multicomponent plant extract received from flowers of Helichrysum arenarium, flowers of Tanacetum vulgare, fruits of Rosa sp., leaves of Urtica dioica, leaves of Mentha piperita, roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra is investigated. Standardization of extract is carried out on the sum of flavonoids in terms of the lyuteolin-standard and the izosalipurpozid-standard, at the same time the maintenance of the sum of flavonoids not less than 4% in the first case, and not less than 15% in the second case is regulated The expressed cholagogue effect of extract at course introduction of per os in experimentally established dose of 250 mg/kg is established to Guinea pigs of both sexes with an initial weight of 400–500 g in the conditions of model of experimental cholecystitis in comparison with reference drug Allocholum in dose of 250 mg/kg. The experimental pharmacotherapy plant extract of injury of a gall bladder at Guinea pigs is followed by early restoration of a condition of a gall bladder. The effect of the studied extract at experimental cholecystitis is caused by availability in it, first of all, of substances of the phenolic nature. Thanks to their contents also restoration of structure of body is provided acceleration of reaction of a cholepoiesis. On degree of manifestation of effect the studied extract exceeds Allocholum at this type of pathological process. On the basis of the obtained data it is possible to draw a conclusion that extract at course introduction had the expressed cholagogue effect. The received results of researches reason expediency of use of the multicomponent vegetable extract containing biologically active agents of the phenolic nature in complex prevention and treatment of diseases of a gepatobiliarny system.
Mechanical preparation of the amniotic membrane in the creation of bioengineered structures for the restoration of corneal epithelium
Authors: Gavrilyuk I. O. , Aleksandrova O. I. , Kuznetsova A. Yu. , Mashel T. V. , Seleznev A. S. , Chernysh V. F. , Churashov S. V. , Blinova M. I. , Kulikov A. N.
Published: July 2021

The «gold standard» among biological and synthetic scaffolds for cultivation is the amniotic membrane. Its preparation for the needs of tissue engineering is associated with the difficulties of transporting and preserving the native amniotic membrane. The amniotic membrane was taken after elective caesarean section. The separated amniotic membrane was fixed according to our method [5]. Scaffolds were divided into 3 groups of 5 membranes each: storage under hypothermia, cryopreservation at –20 °C and –80 °C. Stem cells of the corneal epithelium of rabbits were used as a test system, and cells cultured under standard conditions were used as a control. Viability was determined using phase contrast microscopy and microtiter test. It has been suggested that the inhibition of the state of cells cultured on the amniotic membrane by the 14th day is associated with the viability of the own cells of the amniotic membrane. To verify this assumption, a microtiter test was carried out for all scaffold groups. The described method of immobilization of the amniotic membrane provides transportation, preservation and the possibility of culturing stem cells on the amniotic membrane. For the cultivation of stem cells during the first day, all three types of preservation of the amniotic membrane are suitable. In order to create bioengineered structures for restoration of the corneal epithelium, further research is needed to find the optimal way to de-epithelialize the amniotic membrane.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of specific and nonspecific means of prevention of community-acquired pneumonia and other acute respiratory diseases in military personnel
Authors: Zhogolev S. D. , Kulikov P. V. , Aminev R. M. , Zhogolev K. D. , Kuzin A. A. , Svistunov S. A. , Gumilevskii B. Yu. , Gorenchuk A. N. , Kharitonov M. A. , Emelyanov V. N. , Dantsev V. V.
Published: July 2021

The etiology of community-acquired pneumonia among conscripts was determined, the effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for the prevention of pneumonia in military teams was studied in comparison with the effectiveness of non-conjugate 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines, and the effectiveness of a number of antiviral immunotropic drugs for the prevention of acute respiratory diseases in military personnel was evaluated. It is established that in the etiology of pneumonia in military conscripts prevail S. pneumoniae and adenoviruses, whose genetic material was found in 56,3 and 35,9% of samples, respectively. 56,1% of pneumonia had mixed, mainly viral-bacterial etiology. 13-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine has been shown to be more effective in preventing community-acquired pneumonia in military teams than the commonly used non-conjugate 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine. It was found that the use of conjugate vaccines among soldiers formed a collective immunity that prevents the circulation of pneumococci and the development of diseases not only in vaccinated but also in unvaccinated persons. Vaccines of both types can equally be recommended for vaccination of conscripts one month before the conscription and soldiers not vaccinated before the conscription. The efficiency of the use of immunotropic antiviral drugs cyclopheron and kagocel together with vaccination against pneumococcal infection and influenza for the prevention of acute respiratory diseases is shown.
Experience of organization of the first meeting of chief and senior medical nurses of the Airborne Forces.
Authors: Kalinin P A , Kovaleva T V
Published: July 2021

A brief report on the first training and methodological meeting of chief (senior) nurses of medical organizations and units of the Airborne Forces for the first time conducted in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The event was held in September 2018 in the city of Ivanovo based on the 36th separate medical unit (airmobile). Competent planning and organization of fees allowed to achieve their goals.
The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on the morphological characteristics of red blood cells and the gas transmission function of blood
Authors: Khubulava G G , Romanovskiy D Yu , Volkov A M , Biryukov A V , Skibro I R , Butuzov A G , Lyubimov A I , Sizenko V V , Didenko A V
Published: July 2021

Investigate the effect of extracorporeal circulation on the erythrocyte morphology, the intensity of gas exchange in the body tissues of the patient was determined before the operation, during the operation and during the postoperative treatment using morphometric analysis of the form of erythrocytes. It was established that during the operation with artificial blood circulation, the ratio of the voltage of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial and venous blood changes, indicating a shift in the oxygen capacity of the blood. Since the oxygen concentration in the oxygenator is known and under constant control, a decrease in the oxygen capacity of the blood reflects the intensity of tissue respiration on the one hand, and the degree of mechanical damage to red blood cells on the other. The intensity of tissue respiration was judged on the basis of a previously unknown fact that the form of erythrocytes depends on the degree of their saturation with oxygen. It is noted that blood, saturated with oxygen (arterial) under normal conditions of gas exchange in the lungs, is 90-95% composed of small red blood cells (villous length 0,3-0,4 μm), venous blood is represented mainly by large vorous forms of red blood cells (villous length 0,4-1 μm). The form of red blood cells is reversible and changes both after passing through the lungs (oxygenator), and after gas exchange in the tissues. The inhibition of oxygen consumption by red blood during perfusion indicates a change in the metabolic processes, shape and resistance of red blood cells, which allows a more complete assessment of the pathophysiological changes that occur in the body in response to perfusion. The proposed methods of morphometric analysis of erythrocytes, as well as determining their osmotic resistance, can serve as express methods for analyzing red blood during heart operations using extracorporeal circulation, in order to correct it in time and replenish it.
Evaluation of cellular and humoral indicators immunity in the treatment of various types of sepsis in immunocompromised hemoblastosis patients
Authors: Yurkin A K
Published: July 2021

It was established that the course and development of sepsis in patients with hemoblastosis, are held against the background of complex violations of indicators of cellular and humoral immunity. However, in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, they are more pronounced, which most likely explains the higher mortality rate in this group of patients compared with patients suffering from lymphoproliferative diseases. Some features of the development of post-cytotoxic complications after chemotherapy in patients with hemoblastosis are identified. In addition, the most significant predictors of post-cytotoxic complications in patients with hemoblastosis, who are most susceptible to post-cytotoxic infectious complications and life- threatening emergency conditions, have been identified. The most probable causes of deaths in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies of the cytotoxic type in immunocompromised patients suffering from hemoblastosis with proven sepsis on the background of neutropenia after polychemotherapy are presented. Revealed some post-cytotoxic complications that significantly affect the course and outcome of the disease in patients with hemoblastosis. The nature of these complications and emergency conditions allows you to determine the volume and priority of ongoing proactive intensive therapy after polychemotherapy in the period of neutropenia or agranulocytosis, on the background of a violation of the immune status of patients. An assessment of some humoral and cellular indicators of the immune status of patients with various types of proven sepsis is given.
Using the Paramecium caudatum test object to determine acute toxicity of physiologically active substances
Authors: Andreev V A , Andreeva E Yu , Erdniyev L P , Stepanov Ya A , Mikshta A Yu , Mokshanov I V , Yermolayeva I A , Stepanova N V , Apchel V Ya
Published: July 2021

The advantage of biotesting in comparison with the physicochemical analysis of the use of Paramecium caudatum for toxicological studies has been shown. Physical and chemical analysis often fails to detect unstable compounds. In addition, these tools are not possible to determine the ultra-low concentration of chemicals. In addition to the traditional use of laboratory animals, representatives of protozoa have recently been used. In connection with this, a test object of the Sim-plest type was chosen and justified. The advantages of using the simplest compared with the use of laboratory animals. The various models used to test toxic substances are described. Their advantages and disadvantages are noted. The main advantages of second-order models using alternative models (various hydrobionts, bacteria, cell cultures, etc.) are described. The relevance of using the culture of cells of the ciliate Paramecium caudatum for toxicological studies has been shown. The methodological aspects of the biotesting of organic solvents using the proposed test object are presented. A unidirectional change in the toxicometric parameters of organic solvents for two types of biological objects: a white mouse and a culture of infusoria Paramecium caudatum were revealed. The possibility of using Paramecium caudatum for toxicological studies has been shown. A correlation was noted between the indicators of the general toxicity of organic dyes and those of white mice.
Tticks collection of academician E.N. Pavlovsky and modern prospects of molecular genetic research
Authors: Solovev A I , Bondarenko E I , Timofeev D I , Rakin A I , Kravtsov V Yu
Published: July 2021

E.N. Pavlovsky is founder of doctrine about the natural foci diseases. The unique collection of ticks (Argasidae), which are highly specialized ectoparasites of terrestrial vertebrate animals. Part of the collection was formed during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1943) in Iran in the Trans-Iranian Route zone (Persian Corridor), one of the strategic directions for the delivery of American and British military aid to the Soviet Union. Currently, the richest collection of ticks is stored at the Department of Biology of the Military Medical Academy. C.M. Kirov, the permanent leader of which for over 40 years was E.N. Pavlovsky. The collection includes more than 15 thousand copies of arthropods. Among them are Ornithodorus papillitis, Ornithodorus tartakovsky, Ornithodorus lahorensis, Ornithodorus Verrucosus, Argas persicus, as well as some other carriers of human infectious diseases. The historical collection of ticks is considered as a unique resource for the study of infectious pathogens and their vectors using molecular genetic techniques. The preservation of genetic material in the museum samples of ticks was studied in order to determine the possibility of detecting in them deoxyribonucleotide markers of tick-borne pathogens (tick-borne infections).. Genetic markers of tick-borne infections were identified in 10 instances from of 48 ticks instances. The 8 samples were positive for the presence fragments of nucleic acids of tick-borne rickettsia (Rickettsia species). There were identified the genetic markers of causative agent Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi s.l.) in one of the samples. In addition, the deoxyribonucleic acid fragments specific to Q-fever (Coxiella burnetii) were discovered in one case. The obtained data testify to the high scientific significance of the E.N. Pavlovsky collection in modern conveniences. The unique biological material can be used to study the structure and evolution of the genome of ticks Argasidae, as well as etiology and the spread of tick-borne infections.
Reactive changes in the rat spinal cord in experimental neuropathy with and without magnetic stimulation
Authors: Zhivolupov S A , Rashidov N A , Onishchenko L S , Kravchuk A Yu , Kostina O V , Yakovlev E V , Trufanov A G
Published: July 2021

Performing an experiment in which electronically microscopically studied the nature of reactive changes in the structural thin section of the spinal cord, as well as their dynamics during transcranial magnetic stimulation for 1 month after experimental neuromesis and after compression-ischemic neuropathy of the sciatic nerve. The reported development of compensatory-restorative processes in neurons, glial cells and the microvasculature of the lumbar spinal cord in rats that receive treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulation has been established. It was shown, that in all groups of rats changes in the structures of the lumbar thickening of the rat spinal cord developed in the form of depletion of the cytoplasm, destruction of organelles, changes in the nuclei and development of apoptosis of neurons and glial cells, destruction of the membranes and axial cylinders of myelin fibers. Moreover, these changes are more pronounced in groups after experimental neuromesis. However, in groups of rats, both after compression-ischemic neuropathy and after experimental neuromesis after treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulation, there were signs of the development of recovery processes in the form of intracellular repair of neurons, proliferation of oligodendrocytes, restoration of the structure of myelin fibers and capillaries, and the absence of free red blood cells in the extracellular space. The obtained morphological data confirm the effectiveness of treatment of transcranial magnetic stimulation of injuries of the peripheral nervous system in relation to neurons, glial cells, myelin and non-myelin fibers of the spinal cord.