bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting satisfaction and loyalty to online group buying
Authors: Garcia Jorge Mazza , Freire Otávio Bandeira De Lamônica , Santos Eduardo Biagi Almeida , Andrade Josmar
Published: May 2020

Purpose

In 2008, a phenomenon emerged in online retail that attracted the attention of many people, creating a new virtual model of commerce. This phenomenon was called online group buying and arrived in Brazil in 2010. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that affect satisfaction and loyalty to group buying sites.

Design/methodology/approach

Through structural equation modeling, the relationships between the attractiveness of discount rates, service quality, popularity, online brand image, antecedent word of mouth (WOM), creativity and trust in relation to consumer general satisfaction, declared loyalty, repurchase intention and positive WOM were observed. A total of 727 valid questionnaires were collected from online group buyers to test the 11 hypotheses proposed in this study.

Findings

The main contribution of this study was that it identified the strong influence of service quality, popularity and online brand image on consumer general satisfaction, and the influence of service quality, trust and general satisfaction on repurchase intention. It also identified the influence of trust, creativity and general satisfaction on declared loyalty, and finally, the influence of trust and general satisfaction on positive WOM.

Research limitations/implications

Because of the extensive and robust model, other statistical interactions among the constructs were gauged. It is possible that new structures and paths for alternative models can be proposed in the future with the inclusion of new relationships not analyzed in the present study. Furthermore, future studies should consider testing the generated model in other countries, as the particular features of collective purchasing in Brazil should be taken into account.

Practical implications

In addition to being concerned with the attractiveness of discounts, marketing managers of group buying sites should concentrate their efforts on strengthening perceived quality, image, trust and the creativity of the site to ensure customer loyalty.

Social implications

The online group buying business model that was established in Brazil differs significantly from the American and European models. As many online group buying studies have been conducted in these markets, Brazilian consumers will enjoy substantial gains in the quality of the service provided by collective purchasing sites through the development of actions that focus on improving the factors that affect these consumers.

Originality/value

The originality of this study lies in the development of a single model that tests a set of factors gauged separately in other studies related to online purchase behavior in a broader perspective.
Effect of conventional degumming methods on Eri silk fibers produced in Kenya
Authors: Oduor Edison Omollo , Ciera Lucy Wanjiru , Adolkar Vijay , Pido Odoch
Published: May 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to determine the best conventional degumming technique for use by rural farmers practicing Eri silk fiber production in Kenya.

Design/methodology/approach

Three conventional silk degumming methods (water, soap and alkali) were analyzed under the factors, namely, time, pressure and degumming media, following the multilevel factorial design of experiments. The effect of variables on degumming weight loss was determined. The effects of the conventional degumming methods that produced complete sericin removal on chemical structure, surface morphology, thermal properties, crystallinity and fiber strength on Eri silk fibers produced in Kenya were then determined. The optimal degumming condition was then evaluated.

Findings

Soap and water degumming led to incomplete sericin removal. Alkali degumming media had the most effect, especially when pressure cooked at 103 kPa. Increasing time during alkali degumming beyond 30 min did not to have any major difference on degumming loss (atp0.05). There were no major changes in chemical and thermal properties after degumming. However, the tensile strength and elongation deteriorated especially on alkali medium. Decreasing degumming time in alkali medium from 120 min to 30 min reduced the strength loss from 45% to 33%. Optimal degumming was found to be in an alkali media at 103 kPa for 30 min.

Originality/value

There is very little information available on Eri silk fibers produced in Kenya. Results of this study provide an optimized conventional degumming procedure suitable for small scale farmers in rural areas practicing Eri silk fiber production.
The impact of brand familiarity, customer brand engagement and self-identification on word-of-mouth
Authors: Acharya Anitha
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to check for the effects of brand familiarity, customer brand engagement and self-identification on word-of-mouth (WOM) communication.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic review of the literature regarding brand familiarity and customer brand engagement CBE) was conducted and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results revealed that brand familiarity had a positive impact on CBE; self-identification also had a positive impact on WOM communication.

Research limitations/implications

The model was tested in the context of service sector; future research may investigate in different context.

Practical implications

The framework advances insight into customer engagement and service dominant logic, which, despite having been recognized for their significant theoretical fit, have remained largely disparate in the literature.

Originality/value

This study is among the first few attempts to examine the impact of brand familiarity on different dimensions, namely, cognitive, affective and activation dimensions of CBE. This study contributes to a more detailed description of the brand familiarity construct and improves understanding of WOM communication. The study provides implications for practitioners and marketers.
In search of inclusive tourism in the Caribbean: insights from Aruba
Authors: Peterson Ryan R. , DiPietro Robin B. , Harrill Richard
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the evolution of inclusive tourism in a small-island tourism economy of the Caribbean. Dubbed the “One Happy Island” in the Caribbean, the operationalization and development of direct and indirect channels of inclusive tourism are studied and discussed to foster policy guidance and future studies.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on an in-depth case study of Aruba, the findings yield significant insights on the unfolding of inclusive tourism within the context of a maturing small-island tourism economy in Aruba. A mix of historical socioeconomic analysis in conjunction with community resident perspectives provides an expanded framing of small-island inclusive tourism development.

Findings

In mature, small-island tourism economies such as Aruba, social and ecological disparities are particularly evident and over an extended period have exceeded direct economic contribution. The case study reveals an Aruban community experiencing significant negative socioecological impacts and subsequent diminishing economic contribution and well-being. Concerns about environmental pollution and destruction, the loss of quality of life and income equality, in addition to over construction and crowding, indicate a growing animosity toward tourism and further tourism growth.

Research limitations/implications

Based on previous studies, this study provides an extended framing of small-island inclusive tourism, which opens opportunities for further testing and validation across other small-island tourism economies. It provides a conceptual critique of classical tourism growth maxims in small-island developing states.

Originality/value

The paper provides rich historical insights using an in-depth case study approach that extends the concept and evolution of inclusive tourism in mature, small-island tourism destinations, especially in the Caribbean, thus providing a contemporary framing of inclusive tourism.
Mediation role of diversity climate on leadership and job satisfaction in the Ghanaian public sector
Authors: Mickson Michael K. , Anlesinya Alex , Malcalm Ebenezer
Published: May 2020

Purpose

This study examines the mediation role of diversity climate in the relationship between transformational leadership, transactional leadership and job satisfaction from the two-factor perspectives of intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfactions among local government servants in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses cross-sectional data from 322 employees in local government service of Ghana in the Greater Accra Region using purposive and stratified sampling methods. Bootstrapping method of mediation estimated using structural equation modelling is employed to test the hypothesized relationships.

Findings

The results find a differential effect of leadership behaviours on intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction, where transformation and transactional leadership relate positively to intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction respectively. Furthermore, the empirical findings reveal that diversity climate has mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and intrinsic job satisfaction, implying that diversity climate is an important process through which transformational leadership behaviours can elicit intrinsic job satisfaction among local government servants. Surprisingly, however, diversity climate does not serve as an important transmission mechanism in the relationship between transactional leadership and extrinsic job satisfaction.

Practical implications

This means that public sector leaders or managers can improve intrinsic job satisfaction among local government servants and by extension public sector employees by creating an ideal climate for diversity by transforming the work environment through leadership, specifically, transformational leadership behaviours.

Originality/value

Although studies abound on the link between leadership behaviours (transformational and transactional) and job satisfaction, the mediating effect of diversity climate as a mechanism in this relationship is very scarce and rare to find. Hence, our study has made original contributions to theory and practice by highlighting the role of diversity climate in converting leadership behaviours, specifically; transformational leadership into creating intrinsically satisfied workers in the public sector.
A review of instruments measuring special educators' competencies
Authors: Lee Suk‐Hyang , Kim Yu‐Ri , Park Jiyeon
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study is to present a review of instruments developed to measure perceptions of special educators regarding their competencies and to provide a synthesis of research studies using these measurement instruments. A total of 29 studies were included in this review, and 20 instruments were used across the studies. The results were as follows. First, the majority of the instruments in this review were designed for assessing in‐service special educators. Second, there was a shortage of instruments designed for measuring necessary competencies in family supports and collaboration with families. Third, reliability and validity were reported for only 11 of the instruments. Finally, most studies utilised the tools in surveys; only two studies used the tools to investigate the effectiveness of the teacher support programmes implemented in their experiments. These results are discussed, and implications for future studies are proposed.
Intellectual property rights and the upgrading of the global value chain status
Authors: Yang Gaoju , Zhang Yilu , Yu Xiao
Published: May 2020

The present paper explores how intellectual property rights (IPR) protection affects an economy’s status in global value chains (GVC) by introducing IPR protection into the sequential production model. We find that a suitable IPR protection system that matches the phase of economic and technological development a country has reached is the key for developing countries to upgrade their status in GVC, which are dominated by multinational firms from developed countries. Empirical analysis with multinational panel data for 55 countries from 2005 to 2015 provides evidence in support of the predictions of this model, although the GVC‐enhancing effects of IPR protection are heterogeneous for developing and developed countries. The empirical conclusions are robust after using the instrumental variable method and controlling for endogeneity.
Organizational synthesis in transboundary crises: Three principles for managing centralization and coordination in the corona virus crisis response
Authors: Moorkamp Matthijs , Torenvlied René , Kramer Eric‐Hans
Published: May 2020

Boin (2019) argues that in transboundary crisis management it is almost impossible to achieve centralization and coordination. This article identifies three principles through which actors in a transboundary crisis can balance centralization with autonomy while shaping coordination along the way. We reanalysed three transboundary cases: the Dutch military mission in Afghanistan, the downing of MH17 and hurricane Irma striking Sint‐Maarten. The principles we found are as follows: (a) reformulating key strategic priorities, (b) flexible adaptation of crisis management protocols and (c) the emergence of multifunctional units. With these three principles, we reflect on challenges in the Dutch crisis response to the corona outbreak and propose improvements for progressing current crisis management efforts.
Defending British Farming Standards in Post‐Brexit Trade Negotiations
Authors: Wilkinson Derrick
Published: May 2020

After 47 years of membership, the UK has left the EU, and plans to quickly negotiate new trade agreements with the EU, US, Australia, New Zealand and others. This unique challenge has caused legitimate concerns about the UK opening its market to agri‐food products produced to lower standards. Consumers are concerned about the possible loss of valued assurances about how their food is produced, and producers are concerned about losing domestic market share to cheaper imports. Demands by farming leaders and others for legally binding assurances from the government that they will ban imports of foods produced in ways not allowed in the UK, are unrealistic. If British farmers want to defend their high production standards in the impending trade negotiations, they need to up their game, understand the legal constraints within which UK trade policy will develop, and find new and creative solutions. Equally, a great start for the UK's new trade policy would be for the UK government to provide the leadership needed to better integrate the public's new environmental and animal welfare priorities with the WTO rules. This could also be an area of trade policy that the UK and EU might work together closely to advance.
Biochemical analysis and pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi to Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae)
Authors: Naeem Afifa , Freed Shoaib , Akmal Muhammad
Published: May 2020

Asiatic citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri, Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is an economic pest of citrus groves and a vector of the bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter spp., one of the causative agents of citrus greening. In order to estimate the infectivity of six different isolates of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Isaria fumosorosea, fungal bioassay was performed on the adults of D. citri. Adults of D. citri were treated individually with 1 × 105, 1 × 106, 1 × 107, 1 × 108, 2 × 108 spores/mL fungal concentrations by the immersion method. Subsequent to fungal bioassay, treated D. citri were used to determine the levels of esterase and glutathione S‐transferases (GST) enzymes over a period of 3–7 days. The mortality results suggest that I. fumosorosea isolates (If‐02) caused 82.2% mortality on the seventh day of treatment. However, B. bassiana isolate (Bb‐08) with lowest LC50 (1.4 × 107 spores/mL) proved to be highest potential isolate against D. citri. Biochemical determination of esterase and GST activity assay showed significant differences in activities after infection of fungi. Significantly high activity of esterase was observed by Bb‐01 (27.0 unit per mg protein) on the seventh day, while Ma‐11.1 and If‐2.3 (16.9 and 36.3 unit per mg protein) on the third day post treatment. However, maximum GST's activity was showen by isolates Bb‐08,Ma‐M2 and If‐2.3 (37.6, 1.40 and 10.9 unit per mg protein) on the third day. The current investigation will help to explore the relations between the insect defense system and entomopathogenic fungi. Moreover, the determination of enzymatic activities will be useful for selecting the most pathogenic isolates.
Enhancing astaxanthin accumulation in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous by a phytohormone: metabolomic and gene expression profiles
Authors: Pan Xueshan , Wang Baobei , Duan Ran , Jia Jing , Li Jun , Xiong Weide , Ling Xueping , Chen Cuixue , Huang Xiaohong , Zhang Guoliang , Lu Yinghua
Published: May 2020

Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is a promising source of natural astaxanthin due to its ability to accumulate high amounts of astaxanthin. This study showed that 6‐benzylaminopurine (6‐BAP) is an effective substrate that enhances cell biomass and astaxanthin accumulation in X. dendrorhous. In the current study, the biomass and astaxanthin content in X. dendrorhous were determined to be improved by 21.98% and 24.20%, respectively, induced by 6‐BAP treatments. To further understand the metabolic responses of X. dendrorhous to 6‐BAP, time‐course metabolomics and gene expression levels of X. dendrorhous cultures with and without 6‐BAP feeding were investigated. Metabolome analysis revealed that 6‐BAP facilitated glucose consumption, promoted the glycolysis, suppressed the TCA cycle, drove carbon flux of acetyl‐CoA into fatty acid and mevalonate biosynthesis, and finally facilitated the formation of astaxanthin. ROS analysis suggested that the antioxidant mechanism in X. dendrorhous can be induced by 6‐BAP. Additionally, the process of 6‐BAP significantly upregulated the expression of six key genes involved in pathways related to astaxanthin biosynthesis. This research demonstrates the metabolomic mechanism of phytohormone stimulation of astaxanthin production iNn X. dendrorhous and presents a new strategy to improve astaxanthin production to prevent the dilemma of choosing between accumulation of astaxanthin and cell biomass.
Cross‐cultural adaptation and validation of the Gait, Arms, Legs, Spine locomotor screening test for detecting musculoskeletal disorders in Mexican adults
Authors: Moreno‐Torres Luis Antonio , Ventura‐Alfaro Carmelita Elizabeth , Aceves‐Ávila Francisco Javier
Published: May 2020

Aim

Developed in the United Kingdom, the Gait, Arms, Legs and Spine (GALS) sensitive screening test enables doctors to examine joints and positions at rest and during motion. Therefore, patients with an early diagnosis for musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders, can enjoy a better quality of life than those diagnosed at a later stage. The objective was to adapt and validate a Mexican‐Spanish version of the GALS measurement instrument for MSK disorders in Mexican adults.

Materials and methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional diagnostic test study among 18‐ 60‐year‐old adults in a hospital in the city of Guadalajara, Mexico. Based on international guidelines, we divided our work into 2 phases: first, we developed and adapted a cross‐cultural, Mexican‐Spanish version of the GALS; second, we validated the instrument as a diagnostic test among Mexican patients.

Results

The adapted version yielded the following scores as a measurement instrument: 0.92 under Cronbach's alpha, 0.695 (95% CI, 0.592‐0.797) in the kappa index, 98.2% (95% CI, 90.3%‐100%) in sensitivity, 80.6% (95% CI, 72.9%‐86.9%) in specificity, and 5.06 for positive likelihood ratio. It also covered an area of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85‐0.93) under the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Conclusions

The GALS diagnostic test proved valid for detecting MSK disorders among Mexican adults. It can be used by specialized physicians, family doctors, general practitioners and even physicians in training.
Effect of ethanol on Munc13‐1 C1 in Membrane: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: You Youngki , Das Joydip
Published: May 2020

Background

EtOH has a significant effect on synaptic plasticity. Munc13‐1 is an essential presynaptic active zone protein involved in priming the synaptic vesicle and releasing neurotransmitter in the brain. It is a peripheral membrane protein and binds to the activator, diacylglycerol (DAG)/phorbol ester at its membrane‐targeting C1 domain. Our previous studies identified Glu‐582 of C1 domain as the alcohol‐binding residue (Das, J. et al, J. Neurochem., 126, 715‐726, 2013).

Methods

Here, we describe a 250 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study on the interaction of EtOH and the activator‐bound Munc13‐1 C1 in the presence of varying concentrations of phosphatidylserine (PS).

Results

In this study, Munc13‐1 C1 shows higher conformational stability in EtOH than in water. It forms fewer hydrogen bonds with phorbol 13‐acetate in the presence of EtOH than in water. EtOH also affected the interaction between the protein and the membrane and between the activator and the membrane. Similar studies in a E582A mutant suggest that these effects of EtOH are mostly mediated through Glu‐582.

Conclusions

EtOH forms hydrogen bonds with Glu‐582. While occupancy of the EtOH molecules at the vicinity (4Å) of Glu‐582 is 34.4%, the occupancy in the E582A mutant is 26.5% of the simulation time. In addition, the amount of PS in the membrane influences the conformational stability of the C1 domain and interactions in the ternary complex. This study is important in providing the structural basis of EtOH's effects on synaptic plasticity.
Adolescent alcohol use disrupts functional neurodevelopment in sensation seeking girls
Authors: Zhao Qingyu , Sullivan Edith V. , Műller‐Oehring Eva M. , Honnorat Nicolas , Adeli Ehsan , Podhajsky Simon , Baker Fiona C. , Colrain Ian M. , Prouty Devin , Tapert Susan F. , Brown Sandra A. , Meloy Mary J. , Brumback Ty , Nagel Bonnie J. , Morales Angelica M. , Clark Duncan B. , Luna Beatriz , De Bellis Michael D. , Voyvodic James T. , Nooner Kate B. , Pfefferbaum Adolf , Pohl Kilian M.
Published: May 2020

Exogenous causes, such as alcohol use, and endogenous factors, such as temperament and sex, can modulate developmental trajectories of adolescent neurofunctional maturation. We examined how these factors affect sexual dimorphism in brain functional networks in youth drinking below diagnostic threshold for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Based on the 3‐year, annually acquired, longitudinal resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 526 adolescents (12–21 years at baseline) from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) cohort, developmental trajectories of 23 intrinsic functional networks (IFNs) were analyzed for (1) sexual dimorphism in 259 participants who were no‐to‐low drinkers throughout this period; (2) sex‐alcohol interactions in two age‐ and sex‐matched NCANDA subgroups (N = 76 each), half no‐to‐low, and half moderate‐to‐heavy drinkers; and (3) moderating effects of gender‐specific alcohol dose effects and a multifactorial impulsivity measure on IFN connectivity in all NCANDA participants. Results showed that sex differences in no‐to‐low drinkers diminished with age in the inferior‐occipital network, yet girls had weaker within‐network connectivity than boys in six other networks. Effects of adolescent alcohol use were more pronounced in girls than boys in three IFNs. In particular, girls showed greater within‐network connectivity in two motor networks with more alcohol consumption, and these effects were mediated by sensation‐seeking only in girls. Our results implied that drinking might attenuate the naturally diminishing sexual differences by disrupting the maturation of network efficiency more severely in girls. The sex‐alcohol‐dose effect might explain why women are at higher risk of alcohol‐related health and psychosocial consequences than men.
The experience and outcomes of a specialised preterm birth clinic in New Zealand
Authors: Dawes Lisa , Restall Antonia , de Sousa Joana , Pole James Richard , Waugh Jason , Groom Katie
Published: May 2020

Background

A greater understanding of the risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth and the importance of risk stratification to guide interventions has led to the introduction of preterm birth prevention clinics.

Aim

To evaluate the experience and outcomes of the first specialised preterm birth clinic in New Zealand.

Materials and methods

This observational study reviewed pregnancies cared for in a preterm birth clinic from 2013 to 2018. Cases were identified and data collected from a maternity database and electronic medical records. Analysis was by referral type.

Results

A total of 423 cases were included; 309 elective and 22 acute referrals in pregnancy, and 92 consultations outside pregnancy. For those referred electively in pregnancy, 138/309 (44.7%) fulfilled multiple referral criteria, and 57/309 (18.4%) had ≥2 previous spontaneous preterm births or second trimester losses. Excluding five pregnancies with first trimester miscarriage, 77/304 (25.3%) were managed with a history‐indicated cerclage (11 placed pre‐conception) and 217/304 (71.4%) had cervical surveillance as primary management, of which 133 (61.3%) did not require treatment. The remaining had treatment for a short cervix; 37 (17.0%) received an ultrasound‐indicated cerclage only, 21 (9.7%) vaginal progesterone only and 26 (12.0%) both. Five women (1.6%) had a second trimester loss at 13+0–19+6 and 58/297 (19.5%) had a spontaneous preterm birth at 20+0–36+6 weeks. The ‘take home baby’ rate was 95.4%.

Conclusions

Pregnancy outcomes were similar to those reported by other preterm birth prevention clinics. The majority of women who received cervical surveillance as primary management were able to avoid additional treatment.
Metabolic shift favoring C18:0 ceramide accumulation in obese asthma
Authors: Choi Youngwoo , Kim Minji , Kim Su Jung , Yoo Hyun‐Ju , Kim Seung‐Hyun , Park Hae‐Sim
Published: May 2020

Background

Obesity associated with various complications has increased worldwide. Body weight gain alters lipid metabolites (especially sphingolipids) contributing to obesity‐induced inflammation. However, the significance of the metabolites in the development of obese asthma is not yet clear.

Methods

The serum levels of sphingolipids were measured using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry in obese controls (n = 7) and patients with asthma: the obese group (BMI > 25 kg/m2, n = 13) vs the nonobese (n = 28) group. To examine the relationship between metabolic changes in sphingolipids and macrophage polarization, public microarray data were analyzed. In addition, the alteration in sphingolipid metabolism was investigated in wild‐type BALB/c mice fed a high‐fat diet.

Results

The obese asthma had higher levels of serum C18:0 and C20:0 ceramides than the nonobese asthma group (P = .028 and P = .040, respectively). The value of the serum C18:0 ceramide (184.3 ng/mL) for discriminating the obese asthma from the nonobese asthma group showed 53.9% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity (AUC = 0.721, P = .024). The microarray data showed significantly increased ceramide synthesis and metabolic shift to ceramide accumulation during M1 macrophage polarization in humans. Increased airway hyperresponsiveness, M1 macrophage polarization, and C18:0 ceramide levels were noted in obese mice, but not in nonobese mice. Increased expression of ceramide synthase (CerS) 1 and CerS6 (not CerS2) was noted in lung tissues of obese mice.

Conclusion

Alteration in sphingolipid metabolism favoring ceramide accumulation (especially long‐chain ceramides) may contribute to developing obese asthma.
iTRAQ‐based proteomic analysis reveals potential serum biomarkers of allergic and nonallergic asthma
Authors: Nieto‐Fontarigo Juan José , González‐Barcala Francisco Javier , Andrade‐Bulos Luis Juan , San‐José María Esther , Cruz María Jesús , Valdés‐Cuadrado Luis , Crujeiras Rosa María , Arias Pilar , Salgado Francisco Javier
Published: May 2020

Background

Asthma is heterogeneous disease with different phenotypes, endotypes and severities. Definition of these subgroups requires the identification of biomarkers in biological samples, and serum proteomics is a useful and minimally invasive method for this purpose. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect serum proteins whose abundance is distinctively associated with different asthma phenotypes (allergic vs nonallergic) or severities.

Methods

For each group of donors (32 healthy controls, 43 allergic rhinitis patients and 192 asthmatics with different phenotypes and severities), we generated two pools of sera that were analysed by a shotgun MS approach based on combinatorial peptide ligand libraries and iTRAQ‐LC‐MS/MS.

Results

MS analyses identified 18 proteins with a differential abundance. Functional/network study of these proteins identified key processes for asthma pathogenesis, such as complement activation, extracellular matrix organization, platelet activation and degranulation, or post‐translational protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, our results highlighted an enrichment of the “Regulation of Insulin‐like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin‐like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs)” route in allergic asthma and the lectin pathway of complement activation in nonallergic asthma. Thus, several proteins (eg IGFALS, HSPG2, FCN2 or MASP1) displayed a differential abundance between the different groups of donors. Particularly, our results revealed IGFALS as a useful biomarker for moderate‐severe allergic asthma.

Conclusion

Our data suggest a set of serum biomarkers, especially IGFALS, capable of differentiating allergic from nonallergic asthma. These proteins reveal different pathophysiological mechanisms and may be useful in the future for diagnosis, prognosis or targeted therapy purposes.
Othering Pastoralists, State Violence, and the Remaking of Boundaries in Tanzania’s Militarised Wildlife Conservation Sector
Authors: Weldemichel Teklehaymanot G.
Published: May 2020

This paper examines the ways in which Tanzanian conservation authorities utilise biodiversity “extinction narratives” in order to legitimise the use of violence in redrawing protected areas’ boundaries. Militarisation and violence in conservation have often been associated with the “war on poaching”. Drawing on the history of conservation and violence in Tanzania, and using an empirical case from Loliondo, the paper suggests that violence in conservation may be legitimised when based on extinction narratives and a claim that more exclusive spaces are urgently needed to protect biodiversity. It argues that the emerging militarisation and use of violence in Tanzania can be associated with both global biodiversity extinction and local neo‐Malthusian narratives, which recently have regained predominance. When combined with “othering” of groups of pastoralists by portraying them as foreign “invaders”, such associations legitimise extensions of state control over contested land by any means available, including violence.
Changing Sedentary Behavior in the Office: A Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing the Effect of Affective, Instrumental, and Self‐Regulatory Messaging on Sitting
Authors: Lithopoulos Alexander , Kaushal Navin , Beauchamp Mark R. , Conner Mark , de Bruijn Gert‐Jan , Latimer-Cheung Amy E. , Rhodes Ryan E.
Published: May 2020

Background

Although avoiding sedentary behavior has many health benefits, adults often sit for long periods at work. The purpose of this study was to compare affective attitude, instrumental attitude, and self‐regulation messaging interventions on sitting in the workplace.

Methods

Using a cluster randomised controlled trial design, participants (N = 116) were assigned (by workplace) to: (a) instrumental, (b) affective, (c) self‐regulation, or (d) control (nutrition information) groups. Measurements were taken online at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks post‐baseline. The interventions comprised three presentations delivered following baseline, week 4, and week 8 assessments. The primary outcome was self‐reported average hours of sitting per day at work (registered trial number: NCT04082624).

Results

Controlling for baseline sitting, overall, the affective group sat for less time than the instrumental and self‐regulation groups. Also, at week 4, the affective group sat for less time than the instrumental and self‐regulation groups and, at week 8, the affective group sat for less time than the self‐regulation and control groups. There were no differences between the groups at week 12.

Conclusions

This investigation showed that workplace interventions targeting affective attitude can lead to less sitting time in the short term. Future research should explore additional strategies to minimise sedentary behavior in the long term.
Letter: mesalazine—a safe drug with rare serious adverse events
Authors: Scrivo Barbara , Renna Sara , Casà Angelo , Monachino Noemi , Macaluso Fabio S. , Orlando Ambrogio
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Sehgal et al and Sehgal and Narula papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14688 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15748.
Letter: the duration of a patient’s long‐term stability on anti‐TNFs should be considered before nonmedical switching to a biosimilar
Authors: Ludowyke Russell
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Feagan et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14997.
Letter: suicide risk among adult inflammatory bowel disease patients
Authors: Sánta Anett , Szántó Kata Judit , Sarlós Patrícia , Miheller Pál , Farkas Klaudia , Molnár Tamás
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Malham et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15258 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15733.
Editorial: which biologic is next for ulcerative colitis patients who fail a subcutaneous anti‐TNF?
Authors: Albshesh Ahmad , Ben‐Horin Shomron
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Hupé et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15680
Editorial: how widespread and serious is non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in the real world? Authors' reply
Authors: Loomba Rohit , Wong Robert , Fraysse Jeremy , Shreay Sanatan , Li Suying , Harrison Stephen , Gordon Stuart C.
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Loomba et al and Harris et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15679 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15714.
Letter: suicide risk among adult inflammatory bowel disease patients. Authors' reply
Authors: Malham Mikkel , Jakobsen Christian , Paerregaard Anders , Hald Mette , Virta Lauri , Kolho Kaija‐Leena , Wewer Vibeke
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Malham et al and Sánta papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15258 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15708.
Editorial: can urine‐based metabolomics improve diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD? Authors' reply
Authors: Moolla Ahmad , Tomlinson Jeremy W.
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Moolla et al and Hagström papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15710 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15744.
The first‐in‐human study of CNTO 7160, an anti‐interleukin‐33 receptor monoclonal antibody, in healthy subjects and patients with asthma or atopic dermatitis
Authors: Nnane Ivo , Frederick Bart , Yao Zhenling , Raible Donald , Shu Cathye , Badorrek Philipp , van den Boer Maarten , Branigan Patrick , Duffy Karen , Baribaud Frédéric , Fink Damien , Yang Tong‐Yuan , Xu Zhenhua
Published: May 2020

Aims

To assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and immunogenicity of CNTO 7160, an anti‐interleukin‐33 receptor (IL‐33R) monoclonal antibody, in healthy subjects and patients with asthma or atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods

In Part 1 of this Phase I, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, healthy subjects (n = 68) received single ascending intravenous (IV) CNTO 7160 dose (0.001 to 10 mg/kg) or placebo. In Part 2, patients with mild asthma (n = 24) or mild AD (n = 15) received 3 biweekly IV CNTO 7160 doses (3 or 10 mg/kg) or placebo.

Results

CNTO 7160 was generally well tolerated, with 1 serious adverse event of severe cellulitis reported (AD, CNTO 7160, 3 mg/kg). CNTO 7160 exhibited nonlinear PK (0.01–10 mg/kg). Mean clearance decreased with increasing dose (2.43 to 18.03 mL/d/kg). CNTO 7160 PK was similar between healthy subjects and patients with asthma or AD (3 or 10 mg/kg). Free sIL‐33R suppression was rapid and dose dependent. Ex vivo inhibition of p38 phosphorylation of basophils was dose‐dependent (1–10 mg/kg) and sustained inhibition (≥75%) was observed at higher doses (3 or 10 mg/kg). PK/PD modelling and simulation suggests that 1 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks provides adequate systemic drug exposure for sustained inhibition of p38 phosphorylation of basophils. Despite confirmation of target engagement, no apparent CNTO 7160 clinical activity was observed in patients (asthma or AD).

Conclusion

This first‐in‐human study provides PK, PD and safety data, supporting further clinical investigation of CNTO 7160 in patients with asthma and AD.
Process‐Oriented Sampling
Authors: Hergesell Jannis , Baur Nina , Braunisch Lilli
Published: May 2020

Using the concepts of “duration” and “temporal patterns,” this paper discusses how key steps during sampling change, if researchers take temporality seriously: When defining cases, scholars have to select a suitable temporal scale and reflect on possible changes of boundaries and properties of cases. When defining the population or field, researchers need to set an appropriate time frame and define periods within this time frame to be analyzed. When selecting the actual cases for analysis, researchers have to choose an appropriate sampling procedure, decide upon relevant periods of analysis as well as the number of points in time to be analyzed.
Low‐carbohydrate interventions for adolescent obesity: Nutritional adequacy and guidance for clinical practice
Authors: Jebeile Hiba , Grunseit Alicia M. , Thomas Maddison , Kelly Tara , Garnett Sarah P. , Gow Megan L.
Published: May 2020

Low‐carbohydrate dietary patterns are re‐emerging as a popular method of weight reduction. However, their nutritional adequacy to meet the needs of growing adolescents should be considered. This study aimed to design theoretical low‐carbohydrate meal plans for clinical use in the management of adolescent obesity and assess nutritional adequacy. Meal plans were created for three levels of carbohydrate restriction (≤30, ≤50 and ≤120 g/day) without energy, protein or total fat restriction. Nutrient analysis was conducted using the FoodWorks Australia Ltd software (databases: AUSNUT 2013, AusBrands 2017, AusFoods 2017, NUTTAB 2010, New Zealand FOODfiles 2016), and compared with Australian Nutrient Reference Values for male and female adolescents aged 14 to 18 years. All low‐carbohydrate meal plans met the Recommended Dietary Intake, Adequate Intake or Estimated Average Requirements for most micronutrients at an energy intake of 6.3 to 7.2 MJ/day (1510‐1730 kcal/day). The proportion of energy from saturated fat exceeded recommendations across all models (11.3%‐17.1%). Dietary manipulation was required to minimize saturated fat and reach micronutrient adequacy, particularly for calcium in males and females, and iron for females. In practice, this may be challenging considering individual lifestyle and preferences. Therefore, the use of low‐carbohydrate diets with adolescents should be monitored by a trained professional to ensure nutritional adequacy.
Pediatric nomograms for left ventricle biplane 2D volumes in healthy Caucasian children
Authors: Cantinotti Massimiliano , Scalese Marco , Giordano Raffaele , Franchi Eliana , Marchese Pietro , Vicava Cecilia , Assanta Nadia , Iervasi Giorgio , Kutty Shelby , Koestenberger Martin
Published: May 2020

Background

Left ventricular (LV) volumes are basic parameters used to estimate ventricular size and function; however, normal values are not available in children. The aim of our study is to provide normal values for LV volumes (measured with the biplane Simpson method) in healthy children.

Materials and methods

We prospectively studied 1320 healthy Caucasian Italian children (age 0 days‐17 years, 49.4% female). Echocardiographic measurements on LV volumes were performed. Age, heart rate (HR), and body surface area (BSA) were used as independent variables in different analyses to predict the mean values of each measurement.

Results

Models with exponential (ln[y] = a + b*ln[x]) equations resulted in the best fit for LV volumes. The association with BSA was found to be stronger than the association of HR and age. Thus BSA was used for normalization of our data. Predicted values and Z‐score boundaries by BSA are provided.

Conclusions

We report normal values for 2D biplane LV volumes in a population of healthy children. These data cover a gap in current pediatric echocardiographic nomograms and may serve as baseline for evaluation of children with cardiac defects characterized by LV dilatation or hypoplasia.
“Holes‐in‐one”: A case of concurrent windsock mitral valve, root abscess, and Gerbode defect
Authors: Wang Tom Kai Ming , Elgharably Haytham , Cremer Paul
Published: May 2020

Infective endocarditis is a heterogeneous disease with a wide array of pathological lesions. We present a 55‐year‐old man with severe mitral and aortic regurgitation on transthoracic echocardiography. Transesophageal echocardiogram characterized the mechanisms detecting a windsock mitral valve perforation, aortic root abscess, and Gerbode ventricular septal defect, with the deep transgastric view showing all three pathologies concurrently. The etiologies of mitral valve perforation and Gerbode defects are discussed. Transesophageal echocardiography remains a critical imaging modality to diagnose and evaluate the extent of infective endocarditis with superior sensitivity to transthoracic echocardiography.
The role of habitat diversity in generating the small‐island effect
Authors: Chen Chuanwu , Yang Xueru , Tan Xinwei , Wang Yanping
Published: May 2020

The small‐island effect (SIE) has become a widespread pattern in island biogeography and biodiversity research. However, in most previous studies only area is used for the detection of the SIE, while other causal factors such as habitat diversity is rarely considered. Therefore, the role of habitat diversity in generating SIEs is poorly known. Here, we compiled 86 global datasets that included the variables of habitat diversity, area and species richness to systematically investigate the prevalence and underlying factors determining the role of habitat diversity in generating SIEs. For each dataset, we used both path analysis and breakpoint regressions to identify the existence of an SIE. We collected a number of system characteristics and employed logistic regression models and an information–theoretic approach to determine which combination of variables was important in determining the role of habitat diversity in generating SIEs. Among the 61 datasets with adequate fits, habitat diversity was found to influence the detection of SIEs in 32 cases (52.5%) when using path analysis. By contrast, SIEs were detected in 26 of 61 cases (42.6%) using breakpoint regressions. Model selection and model‐averaged parameter estimates showed that Number of sites, Habitat range and Species range were three key variables that determined the role of habitat diversity in generating SIEs. However, Area range, Taxon group and Site type received considerably less support. Our study demonstrates that the effect of habitat diversity on generating SIEs is quite prevalent. The inclusion of habitat diversity is important because it provides a causal factor for the detection of SIEs. We conclude that for a better understanding of the causes of SIEs, habitat diversity should be included in future studies.
Physical health interventions on adolescent mental health inpatient units: A systematic review and call to action
Authors: Carney Rebekah , Imran Shermin , Law Heather , Firth Joseph , Parker Sophie
Published: May 2020

Aim

Physical health inequalities experienced by people with mental health conditions are labelled an international scandal; due to the 15 to 30‐year gap in life expectancy, driven mostly by physical health conditions. Lifestyle interventions are recommended to prevent the onset of poor physical health in people with mental illness. Yet, there is less high‐quality evidence for adolescents, particularly those in inpatient settings. We aimed to assess existing literature reporting physical health or lifestyle interventions conducted on adolescent mental health inpatient units.

Method

An electronic search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and AMED was conducted on 13th June 2019. Eligible studies included peer‐reviewed English language research articles of physical health interventions delivered within child and adolescent mental health inpatient services. A narrative synthesis was conducted on the data.

Results

Only three studies were identified implementing health interventions for adolescent inpatients. The interventions consisted of two physical health interventions aiming to increase activity levels within routine care (one gym‐based, one sports led) and a yoga intervention. Outcome measurements varied and benefits were observed in relation to overall health (HONOSCA), physical health (waist, hip and chest circumference) and behaviour.

Conclusions

Although preliminary results suggest lifestyle interventions may be feasible and beneficial for this group, more work is needed to fully understand the best way to implement these interventions within adolescent clinical settings. Adolescent inpatients are an important target for such interventions, affording the opportunity to prevent the onset of physical comorbidities.
Homelessness youth and mental health service utilization: A long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Russell Melissa , Soong Wei , Nicholls Craig , Griffiths Jennifer , Curtis Kerry , Follett Denise , Smith Warwick , Waters Flavie
Published: May 2020

Background

There is currently an incomplete picture of the long‐term impact of homelessness on youth with mental health issues. There are also questions regarding homelessness as a predictor of mental health re‐admissions.

Aims

To examine the mental health service presentation profile of young people affected by homelessness and mental health issues.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted of the medical records of homeless (n = 29) and non‐homeless (n = 32) youth who attended the YouthLink specialist mental health service in 2010. We tracked their pattern of mental health service admissions at five time points during a total period of 10 years, including 2 years prior to, and up to 8 years following the YouthLink presentation. A regression analysis was used to examine factors hypothesized to contribute to mental health re‐admissions.

Results

Homeless youth had significantly more frequent presentations to inpatient and outpatient mental health services, and emergency departments for mental health reasons. They were 11 times more likely to be re‐admitted to a mental health inpatient ward than non‐homeless youth. Prior hospital admission was an independent predictor, increasing by a factor of 2.2 for every inpatient admission.

Conclusion

The impact of homelessness on mental health issues is enduring, and is a long‐term predictor of hospital re‐admission.