bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stuck between medals and participation: an institutional theory perspective on why sport federations struggle to reach Sport-for-All goals
Authors: De Bock Thomas , Scheerder Jeroen , Theeboom Marc , Constandt Bram , Marlier Mathieu , De Clerck Tom , Willem Annick
Published: October 2022

Background

Sport-for-All emphasizes that every individual has the right to participate in sport. Despite all efforts to deliver Sport-for-All during the past decades, studies indicate that sport participation rates have been stagnating, whereas social inequalities in sport continue to exist. By applying an institutional theory lens, this study sheds light on how the dual mission of sport federations, i.e., providing Sport-for-All and high performance sport, affects the Sport-for-All projects of Flemish sport federations (e.g., amount of projects and target groups). In particular, Sport-for-All projects have to reduce barriers to engage in the sport system and be supported by a sport federation. Furthermore, this study seeks to better understand the impact of the underlying institutional logic on the institutional pressure and legitimacy of the sport federations.

Method

This study implemented a cross-sectional field study in sport federations. In particular, the sport federations selected for our study are the 47 Flemish sport federations. Both qualitative (i.e., document analysis) and quantitative research methods (i.e., a new questionnaire was developed based on institutional theory) were applied in the study.

Results

Results indicated that sport federations are important partners in support of Sport-for-All projects, but also suggested that there is a discrepancy between the projects of the high performance-oriented and the Sport-for-All-oriented federations. Specifically, the high performance-oriented federations were targeting youth participants, whereas Sport-for-all-oriented federations aimed to reach disadvantaged groups. Furthermore, the results indicated that high performance-oriented federations endured more institutional pressure than Sport-for-All-oriented federations.

Conclusion

The results of our study indicated that the Sport-for-All projects of performance-oriented federations are often more superficial compared to Sport-for-All oriented federations, and that the latter federations play an important role in attaining public health targets. Moreover, policymakers should consider how they can optimize the role of the performance-oriented federations in the Sport-for-All delivery (e.g., they could function as a bridge to guide participants who prefer a less competitive setting towards Sport-for-All oriented federations).
The effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on serum glucose levels in children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes mellitus: a single group clinical trial
Authors: Fallah Fatemeh , Alijanpour Morteza , Khafri Soraya , Pournasrollah Mohammad , Talebi Ghadam Ali
Published: October 2022

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) on serum glucose level in children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes.

Methods

This before-after, single-group, clinical trial was conducted on 29 patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus with the age range of 7–18 years. The patients underwent NMES in two 20-minute phases on the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles, three sessions per week for a period of 8 weeks. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), measured in two ways, by glucometer and laboratory testing, was considered as the primary outcome and the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the total daily dose (TDD) of insulin were measured as the secondary outcomes. The laboratory FBS and HbA1c were measured 1 day before the intervention (as a baseline value) and then 2 and 6 weeks after the last session of intervention. FBS by glucometer and total daily dose of insulin were recorded daily from 2 weeks before the intervention to the last day of the intervention and consequently, the weekly average of these variables was calculated and used for statistical analysis.

Results

The serum level of FBS (measured by glucometer) and the total daily dose of insulin reduced significantly 2 weeks after beginning of intervention. The laboratory serum level of FBS decreased significantly in the second week after the end of intervention compared to the baseline values. Although the HbA1c level decreased at follow-up period (2 and 6 weeks after the intervention), it was not significant.

Conclusion

It seems that 8 weeks of NMES has beneficial effects on the reduction of FBS and TDD of insulin therefore, it could be suggested as the contributory treatment in management of children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes.

Trial registration

The study was registered at https://fa.irct.ir/user/trial/51739/view (IRCT20100523003998N1) in date of 25/10/2020.
Factors associated with non-use of insecticide-treated bed nets among pregnant women in Zambia
Authors: Mwangu Luwi Mercy , Mapuroma Relebogile , Ibisomi Latifat
Published: October 2022

Background

Despite the Zambian government’s efforts to ensure 80% use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) among pregnant women, ITN use remains critically low. Only 49% of pregnant women reported sleeping under an ITN in 2018 in the country. This study aims to determine the prevalence of, and the factors associated with the non-use of ITNs among pregnant women in Zambia.

Methods

This study was a secondary analysis of the data collected during the 2018 Zambian Demographic and Health Survey. One thousand one hundred and thirty-eight (1 138) pregnant women were included in the study. The prevalence of the non-use of ITNs was computed and univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to determine the factors associated with the non-use of ITNs in the study population.

Results

The study found that 578 (50.8%) pregnant women reported not using an ITN the night before the survey. The results of the multivariable logistic regression indicated that, primary level education (OR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.23–3.68), ITN per household member (OR = 0.01, 95% CI 0.00–0.02), parity (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.99), moderate malaria prevalence provinces (OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.23–0.50), high malaria prevalence provinces (OR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.18–0.39) and currently in a union (OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.30–0.88) were significantly associated with the non-use of ITNs.

Conclusion

This study showed a high prevalence of the non-use of ITNs among pregnant women in Zambia. Factors found to be associated with the non-use of ITNs in the study population are: ITN per household member, parity, education, marital status and malaria prevalence provinces. Addressing the identified factors will require intensification of ITN programming and other malaria preventive measures.
The role of staging laparoscopy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its effect on patients’ survival
Authors: Jambor Maxwell A. , Ashrafizadeh Amir , Nahm Christopher B. , Clarke Stephen J. , Pavlakis Nick , Kneebone Andrew , Hruby George , Gill Anthony J. , Mittal Anubhav , Samra Jaswinder S.
Published: October 2022

Background

Prompt and accurate staging of pancreatic cancer is essential to distinguish patients to benefit from resection with curative intent and those with unresectable disease. A staging laparoscopy is used preoperatively to identify macroscopic or occult metastases not identified on imaging. This single-institution study aims to evaluate the role of staging laparoscopy in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its effect on overall survival.

Method

Clinicopathologic data were evaluated for all patients undergoing staging laparoscopy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma from July 2014 to December 2019. The study identified 155 patients eligible for analysis. All patients were followed for at least 2 years. Clinical backgrounds, survival curves and prognostic factors were investigated.

Results

Resectability status among the cohort was 62 (40%) upfront resectable, 53 (34%) borderline resectable and 40 (26%) locally advanced disease. The median age was 69, with 44% male patients. Median CA19-9 value was 125 kU/L, and median CA125 value was 22 kU/L. Staging laparoscopy resulted in upstaging nine (15%) upfront resectable patients, five (9%) borderline resectable patients and ten (25%) locally advanced patients. There was positive cytology in 19 (12%), peritoneal deposits in six (4%) and peritoneal liver deposits in seven (5%) patients. Overall, the number needed to treat (NNT) to avoid an unnecessary laparotomy was eight patients.

Conclusion

Staging laparoscopy continues to be a valuable investigation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In this institution, one in every eight patients undergoing a staging laparoscopy was upstaged to metastatic disease, thus avoiding an unnecessary laparotomy or a non-curative resection.
Early coagulopathy after pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zhou Dawei , Li Tong , Lv Yi , Wang Dijia , Zhang Rongli , Lin Qing , Wang Chao , Zhao Dong , Fei Shuyang , He Wei
Published: October 2022

Background

To estimate the incidence, risk factors, and impact on mortality and functional outcomes for early coagulopathy after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients.

Methods

A post hoc analysis of the Therapeutic Hypothermia after Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Out-of-Hospital (THAPCA-OH) trial was conducted. Early coagulopathy was defined as presence of at least one of the following coagulation abnormalities upon admission: international standard ratio (INR), platelets, and age-adjusted activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) within 6 h after OHCA and before therapeutic hypothermia initiation. The outcomes included 28-day mortality and functional prognosis. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore risk factors and association between early coagulopathy and outcomes.

Results

Of the 227 patients included, 152 (67%) were male and the median age was 2.3 years [interquartile range (IQR), 0.7–8.6 years]. The overall 28-day mortality was 63%. The incidence of early coagulopathy was 46%. Lower age, longer duration of chest compression, lower temperature, and higher white blood cell (WBC) upon admission increased the risk of early coagulopathy. Early coagulopathy [OR, 2.20 (95% CI, 1.12–4.39), P = 0.023] was independently associated with 28-day mortality after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusions

Early coagulopathy occurred in almost half of pediatric patients with OHCA. Lower age, longer duration of chest compression, lower temperature, and higher WBC increased the risk. The development of early coagulopathy was independently associated with increased mortality.
One-step fabrication of lidocaine/CalliSpheres® composites for painless transcatheter arterial embolization
Authors: Tian Chuan , Wang Zijian , Huang Lei , Liu Yimin , Wu Kunpeng , Li Zhaonan , Han Bin , Jiao Dechao , Han Xinwei , Zhao Yanan
Published: October 2022

Background

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is one of the first-line treatments for advanced hepatocellular cancer. The pain caused by TAE is a stark complication, which remains to be prevented by biomedical engineering methods.

Methods

Herein, a commercial embolic agent CalliSpheres® bead (CB) was functionally modified with lidocaine (Lid) using an electrostatic self-assembly technique. The products were coded as CB/Lid-n (n = 0, 5, 10, corresponding to the relative content of Lid). The chemical compositions, morphology, drug-loading, and drug-releasing ability of CB/Lid-n were comprehensively investigated. The biocompatibility was determined by hemolysis assay, live/dead cell staining assay, CCK8 assay, immunofluorescence (IHC) staining assay and quantitative real-time PCR. The thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) and edema ratio (ER) were performed to evaluate the analgesia of CB/Lid-n using a plantar inflammation model. A series of histological staining, including immunohistochemistry (IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β and Navi1.7) and TUNEL were conducted to reveal the underlying mechanism of anti-tumor effect of CB/Lid-n on a VX2-tumor bearing model.

Results

Lid was successfully loaded onto the surface of CalliSpheres® bead, and the average diameter of CalliSpheres® bead increased along with the dosage of Lid. CB/Lid-n exhibited desirable drug-loading ratio, drug-embedding ratio, and sustained drug-release capability. CB/Lid-n had mild toxicity towards L929 cells, while triggered no obvious hemolysis. Furthermore, CB/Lid-n could improve the carrageenan-induced inflammation response micro-environment in vivo and in vitro. We found that CB/Lid-10 could selectively kill tumor by blocking blood supply, inhibiting cell proliferation, and promoting cell apoptosis. CB/Lid-10 could also release Lid to relieve post-operative pain, mainly by remodeling the harsh inflammation micro-environment (IME).

Conclusions

In summary, CB/Lid-10 has relatively good biocompatibility and bioactivity, and it can serve as a promising candidate for painless transcatheter arterial embolization.
CSPG4 expression in soft tissue sarcomas is associated with poor prognosis and low cytotoxic immune response
Authors: Boudin Laurys , de Nonneville A , Finetti Pascal , Mescam Léna , Le Cesne A , Italiano Antoine , Blay Jean-Yves , Birnbaum Daniel , Mamessier Emilie , Bertucci François
Published: October 2022

Background

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are heterogeneous and pro-metastatic tumors. Identification of accurate prognostic factors and novel therapeutic targets are crucial. CSPG4 is a cell surface proteoglycan with oncogenic functions. It recently emerged as a potential target for immunotherapy, including cell therapy based on CSPG4-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected cytokine-induced killer lymphocytes (CSPG4-CAR.CIKs) in STS. However, expression of CSPG4 is poorly known in STS so far.

Methods

We analyzed CSPG4 gene expression in 1378 localized STS clinical samples, and searched for correlations with clinicopathological data, including disease-free survival (DFS), and with tumor immune features.

Results

CSPG4 expression was heterogeneous across samples. High expression was associated with younger patients’ age, more frequent undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and myxofibrosarcoma pathological subtypes, more frequent internal trunk tumor site, and more CINSARC high-risk samples. No correlation existed with pathological tumor size and grade, and tumor depth. Patients with high CSPG4 expression displayed 49% (95% CI 42–57) 5-year DFS versus 61% (95% CI 56–68) in patients with low expression (p = 3.17E−03), representing a 49% increased risk of event in the “CSPG4-high” group (HR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.14–1.94). This unfavorable prognostic value persisted in multivariate analysis, independently from other variables. There were significant differences in immune variables between “CSPG4-high” and “CSPG4-low” tumors. The "CSPG4-low" tumors displayed profiles suggesting higher anti-tumor cytotoxic immune response and higher potential vulnerability to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). By contrast, the "CSPG4-high" tumors displayed profiles implying an immune-excluded tumor microenvironment, potentially induced by hypoxia, resulting from an immature chaotic microvasculature, and/or the presence of contractile myofibroblasts.

Conclusions

Patients with “CSPG4-high” STS, theoretically candidate for CAR.CIKs, display shorter DFS and an immune environment unfavorable to vulnerability to CAR.CIKs, which could be improved by combining anti-angiogenic drugs able to normalize the tumor vasculature. By contrast, “CSPG4-low” STS are better candidates for immune therapy involving ICI.
Turning C1-gases to isobutanol towards great environmental and economic sustainability via innovative biological routes: two birds with one stone
Authors: Liang Bobo , Fu Rongzhan , Ma Yingqun , Hu Lizhen , Fei Qiang , Xing Xin-Hui
Published: October 2022

Background

The dramatic increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which causes serious global environmental issues and severe climate changes, has become a global problem of concern in recent decades. Currently, native and/or non-native C1-utilizing microbes have been modified to be able to effectively convert C1-gases (biogas, natural gas, and CO2) into isobutanol via biological routes. Even though the current experimental results are satisfactory in lab-scale research, the techno-economic feasibility of C1 gas-derived isobutanol production at the industrial scale still needs to be analyzed and evaluated, which will be essential for the future industrialization of C1-gas bioconversion. Therefore, techno-economic analyses were conducted in this study with comparisons of capital cost (CAPEX), operating cost (OPEX), and minimum isobutanol selling price (MISP) derived from biogas (scenario #1), natural gas (scenario #2), and CO2 (scenario #3) with systematic economic assessment.

Results

By calculating capital investments and necessary expenses, the highest CAPEX ($317 MM) and OPEX ($67 MM) were projected in scenario #1 and scenario #2, respectively. Because of the lower CAPEX and OPEX from scenario #3, the results revealed that bioconversion of CO2 into isobutanol temporally exhibited the best economic performance with an MISP of $1.38/kg isobutanol. Furthermore, a single sensitivity analysis with nine different parameters was carried out for the production of CO2-derived isobutanol. The annual plant capacity, gas utilization rate, and substrate cost are the three most important economic-driving forces on the MISP of CO2-derived isobutanol. Finally, a multiple-point sensitivity analysis considering all five parameters simultaneously was performed using ideal targets, which presented the lowest MISP of $0.99/kg in a long-term case study.

Conclusions

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the bioconversion of C1-gases into isobutanol in terms of the bioprocess design, mass/energy calculation, capital investment, operating expense, sensitivity analysis, and minimum selling price. Compared with isobutanol derived from biogas and natural gas, the CO2-based isobutanol showed better economic feasibility. A market competitive isobutanol derived from CO2 is predicable with lower CO2 cost, better isobutanol titer, and higher annual capacity. This study will help researchers and decision-makers explore innovative and effective approaches to neutralizing GHGs and focus on key economic-driving forces to improve techno-economic performance.
A review on lignin pyrolysis: pyrolytic behavior, mechanism, and relevant upgrading for improving process efficiency
Authors: Lu Xinyu , Gu Xiaoli
Published: October 2022

Lignin is a promising alternative to traditional fossil resources for producing biofuels due to its aromaticity and renewability. Pyrolysis is an efficient technology to convert lignin to valuable chemicals, which is beneficial for improving lignin valorization. In this review, pyrolytic behaviors of various lignin were included, as well as the pyrolytic mechanism consisting of initial, primary, and charring stages were also introduced. Several parallel reactions, such as demethoxylation, demethylation, decarboxylation, and decarbonylation of lignin side chains to form light gases, major lignin structure decomposition to generate phenolic compounds, and polymerization of active lignin intermediates to yield char, can be observed through the whole pyrolysis process. Several parameters, such as pyrolytic temperature, time, lignin type, and functional groups (hydroxyl, methoxy), were also investigated to figure out their effects on lignin pyrolysis. On the other hand, zeolite-driven lignin catalytic pyrolysis and lignin co-pyrolysis with other hydrogen-rich co-feedings were also introduced for improving process efficiency to produce more aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs). During the pyrolysis process, phenolic compounds and/or AHs can be produced, showing promising applications in biochemical intermediates and biofuel additives. Finally, some challenges and future perspectives for lignin pyrolysis have been discussed.
5-Hydroxymethylation alterations in cell-free DNA reflect molecular distinctions of diffuse large B cell lymphoma at different primary sites
Authors: Shen Ye , Ou Jinping , He Bo , Yang Jinmin , Liu Huihui , Wang Lihong , Wang Bingjie , Gao Liang , Yi Chengqi , Peng Jinying , Cen Xinan
Published: October 2022

Background

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), an important DNA epigenetic modification, plays a vital role in tumorigenesis, progression and prognosis in many cancers. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can involve almost any organ, but the prognosis of patients with DLBCL at different primary sites varies greatly. Previous studies have shown that 5hmC displays a tissue-specific atlas, but its role in DLBCLs at different primary sites remains unknown.

Results

We found that primary gastric DLBCL (PG-DLBCL) and lymph node-involved DLBCL (LN-DLBCL) patients had a favorable prognosis, while primary central nervous system DLBCL (PCNS-DLBCL) patients faced the worst prognosis, followed by primary testicular DLBCL (PT-DLBCL) and primary intestinal DLBCL (PI-DLBCL) patients. Thus, we used hmC-CATCH, a bisulfite-free and cost-effective 5hmC detection technology, to first generate the 5hmC profiles from plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of DLBCL patients at these five different primary sites. Specifically, we found robust cancer-associated features that could be used to distinguish healthy individuals from DLBCL patients and distinguish among different primary sites. Through functional enrichment analysis of the differentially 5hmC-enriched genes, almost all DLBCL patients were enriched in tumor-related pathways, and DLBCL patients at different primary sites had unique characteristics. Moreover, 5hmC-based biomarkers can also highly reflect clinical features.

Conclusions

Collectively, we revealed the primary site differential 5hmC regions of DLBCL at different primary sites. This new strategy may help develop minimally invasive and effective methods to diagnose and determine the primary sites of DLBCL.
Hemodynamic functional connectivity optimization of frequency EEG microstates enables attention LSTM framework to classify distinct temporal cortical communications of different cognitive tasks
Authors: Agrawal Swati , Chinnadurai Vijayakumar , Sharma Rinku
Published: October 2022

Temporal analysis of global cortical communication of cognitive tasks in coarse EEG information is still challenging due to the underlying complex neural mechanisms. This study proposes an attention-based time-series deep learning framework that processes fMRI functional connectivity optimized quasi-stable frequency microstates for classifying distinct temporal cortical communications of the cognitive task. Seventy volunteers were subjected to visual target detection tasks, and their electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional MRI (fMRI) were acquired simultaneously. At first, the acquired EEG information was preprocessed and bandpass to delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands and then subjected to quasi-stable frequency-microstate estimation. Subsequently, time-series elicitation of each frequency microstates is optimized with graph theory measures of simultaneously eliciting fMRI functional connectivity between frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices. The distinct neural mechanisms associated with each optimized frequency-microstate were analyzed using microstate-informed fMRI. Finally, these optimized, quasi-stable frequency microstates were employed to train and validate the attention-based Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) time-series architecture for classifying distinct temporal cortical communications of the target from other cognitive tasks. The temporal, sliding input sampling windows were chosen between 180 to 750 ms/segment based on the stability of transition probabilities of the optimized microstates. The results revealed 12 distinct frequency microstates capable of deciphering target detections' temporal cortical communications from other task engagements. Particularly, fMRI functional connectivity measures of target engagement were observed significantly correlated with the right-diagonal delta (r = 0.31), anterior–posterior theta (r = 0.35), left–right theta (r = − 0.32), alpha (r = − 0.31) microstates. Further, neuro-vascular information of microstate-informed fMRI analysis revealed the association of delta/theta and alpha/beta microstates with cortical communications and local neural processing, respectively. The classification accuracies of the attention-based LSTM were higher than the traditional LSTM architectures, particularly the frameworks that sampled the EEG data with a temporal width of 300 ms/segment. In conclusion, the study demonstrates reliable temporal classifications of global cortical communication of distinct tasks using an attention-based LSTM utilizing fMRI functional connectivity optimized quasi-stable frequency microstates.
Parental anxiety and form of parenting during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Khomaeny Elfan Fanhas Fatwa , Kusumaputeri Erika Setyanti
Published: October 2022

The massive development of information technology based on big data, internet, and artificial intelligence has brought fundamental changes to human patterns and lifestyles, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic that hit globally, has added to a large and complex problems in parenting, as well as demanding people to take care of their children. Parents must be able to adapt and reposition themselves with new and effective forms of parenting, this can increase parental anxiety. To determine the level of parental anxiety, this research was conducted using a quantitative descriptive method through the distribution of questionnaires based on the GAD-7 instrument. This study focuses on efforts to capture the level of parental anxiety and the need for a new form of parenting. The results can be the basis for further research to find and develop new forms of parenting. The results of research on 669 parents living in West Java, Indonesia, showed that the level of parental anxiety was 63.08% at the level of moderate and severe anxiety. The level of parental satisfaction regarding the form of parenting used is at a low level of 67.12%, while the level of parental interest in the new form of parenting is at a very high level of 98.51%. The need for the latest form of parenting that can respond to the challenges and demands of the times is very necessary to minimize parental anxiety.
Self-induced transparency in a perfectly absorbing chiral second-harmonic generator
Authors: Hou Jiankun , Lin Jintian , Zhu Jiefu , Zhao Guolin , Chen Yao , Zhang Fangxing , Zheng Yuanlin , Chen Xianfeng , Cheng Ya , Ge Li , Wan Wenjie
Published: October 2022

Transparency and perfect absorption are two contradictory terms; a perfect absorber never permits waves to transmit through. However, this statement only remains true in the linear regime, where the nonlinearity has been omitted and the physical system like the perfect absorber is not affected by the incoming waves. Here we experimentally demonstrate an intriguing self-induced transparency effect in a perfectly absorbing optical microcavity, which perfectly absorbs any incoming waves at the low power level, but allows a portion of waves to be transmitted at the higher power due to the nonlinear coupling between the fundamental and its second harmonic modes. Moreover, the asymmetric scattering nature of the microcavity enables a chiral and unidirectional reflection in one of the input ports, this leads to asymmetric and chiral coherent control of the perfect absorption states through phase varying. More importantly, such chiral behaviors also empower the chiral emission of second-harmonic generation with a high distinct ratio in the transparency state. These results pave the way for controllable transparency in a wide range of fields in optics, microwaves, acoustics, mechanics, and matter waves.
Roles of ANP32 proteins in cell biology and viral replication
Authors: Yu Mengmeng , Qu Yuxing , Zhang Haili , Wang Xiaojun
Published: October 2022

The acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 kDa (ANP32) family consists of evolutionarily conserved proteins of 220–291 amino acids characterized by an N-terminal leucine-rich repeat domain (LRR) and a C-terminal low-complexity acidic region (LCAR). ANP32 family proteins regulate a variety of physiological functions, including chromatin remodeling, apoptosis and nervous system development. Abnormal ANP32 expression is closely related to tumorigenesis. In recent years, the role of ANP32 family proteins in viral infections has received considerable attention due to their activity supporting influenza virus replication and restriction of virus cross-species transmission. Moreover, ANP32 proteins are closely related to the replication of HIV and nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses (NNSVs). In this review, the general physiological functions of ANP32 family proteins, as well as their roles in virus replication, are summarized in detail.
A conditional null allele of Dync1h1 enables targeted analyses of dynein roles in neuronal length sensing
Authors: Di Pizio Agostina , Marvaldi Letizia , Birling Marie-Christine , Okladnikov Nataliya , Dupuis Luc , Fainzilber Mike , Rishal Ida
Published: October 2022

Size homeostasis is a fundamental process in biology and is particularly important for large cells such as neurons. We previously proposed a motor-dependent length-sensing mechanism wherein reductions in microtubule motor levels would be expected to accelerate neuronal growth, and validated this prediction in dynein heavy chain 1 Loa mutant (Dync1h1Loa) sensory neurons. Here, we describe a new mouse model with a conditional deletion allele of exons 24 and 25 in Dync1h1. Homozygous Islet1-Cre-mediated deletion of Dync1h1 (Isl1-Dync1h1−/−), which deletes protein from the motor and sensory neurons, is embryonic lethal, but heterozygous animals (Isl1-Dync1h1+/−) survive to adulthood with ∼50% dynein expression in targeted cells. Isl1-Dync1h1+/− sensory neurons reveal accelerated growth, as previously reported in Dync1h1Loa neurons. Moreover, Isl1-Dync1h1+/− mice show mild impairments in gait, proprioception and tactile sensation, similar to what is seen in Dync1h1Loa mice, confirming that specific aspects of the Loa phenotype are due to reduced dynein levels. Isl1-Dync1h1+/− mice also show delayed recovery from peripheral nerve injury, likely due to reduced injury signal delivery from axonal lesion sites. Thus, conditional deletion of Dync1h1 exons 24 and 25 enables targeted studies of the role of dynein in neuronal growth.
A política de ódio contra a cidadania LGBTQIA+:
Authors: Ameno Ribeiro Ludmila
Published: October 2022

Este artigo objetiva mostrar a importância de se tratar da temática diversidade de gênero no meio educacional, no momento que o Brasil é regido por um contexto político repleto de antagonismos que visam reverter as conquistas e desmerecer a luta LGBTQIA+. Para isso, adotamos a revisão bibliográfica e documental acerca das contribuições da Teoria Queer, dos documentos que relatam a violência contra as pessoas LGBTQIA+, e dos propostos pelas Diretrizes Nacionais para a Educação em Direitos Humanos - DNEDH (BRASIL, 2012).

 

Palavras-chave: LGBTQIA+. Teoria Queer. Política anti-gênero.
patrimônio imaterial nas ações vencedoras do Prêmio Rodrigo (2000 - 2020)
Authors: Amaral Marília , Almeida Márcia
Published: October 2022

Este artigo pretende explorar de que maneiras as iniciativas premiadas entre os anos 2000 e  2020 no Prêmio Rodrigo Melo Franco de Andrade, concurso promovido pelo IPHAN desde 1987, demonstram os impactos da política federal de patrimônio imaterial sobre a premiação, além de iluminarem elementos referentes a como o Prêmio contribui para fomentar processos de salvaguarda de diferentes práticas e manifestações culturais, sendo uma das ferramentas de aproximação entre detentores e a instituição.
“SAMO© à Deriva”:
Authors: Rainho Hélio Ricardo
Published: October 2022

Este artigo propõe uma interlocução dialógica entre a Teoria da Deriva - criada pelo pensador francês Guy Debord para o movimento vanguardista de confrontamento da espetacularização da cultura conhecido como 'Internacional Situacionista' (1957) – e as intervenções estéticas de Jean-Michel Basquiat pelas ruas de Nova York no filme Downtown 81 (2000), protagonizado pelo pintor americano nos primórdios de sua notoriedade na efervescência cultural nos anos 80. Pretende-se explorar as nuances da flaneurie de Basquiat - vagando pelo território do chamado Low Manhattan, transitando entre habitantes do underground citadino e grafitando as ruas com as mensagens críticas de seu heterônimo “SAMO©” - como um ato de anarquismo e intervenção do cotidiano apregoado pelos situacionistas.
produção (negra) do espaço urbano (branco) do Rio de Janeiro Setecentista - século XVIII
Authors: Vieira Coutinho Marcos Vinicius
Published: October 2022

O propósito do artigo é resgatar a história e a memória do protagonismo das irmandades negras no papel de produtoras do espaço urbano do Rio de Janeiro Setecentista – século XVIII. Na tentativa de descolonizar o conhecimento, o texto atua contra a narrativa dominante e procura retirar do silêncio os saberes produzidos por grupos historicamente marginalizados na sociedade colonial carioca. Ao destacar as experiências corporais do afro-brasileiro como promotoras de r-existências em lugares outros além da subalternidade, trazemos, igualmente, a contribuição histórica oferecida pelo “urbanismo afroconfrarial” – restituidor da memória das associações negras na lícita condição de agentes produtoras da expansão urbana de outrora.
Diante do rosto do refugiado
Authors: De Barros Matheus Guimarães
Published: October 2022

O presente artigo objetiva discutir o sentido de justiça na obra do filósofo francoargelino Jacques Derrida, entrelaçando-o aos conceitos de direito e de hospitalidade. A partir de revisão bibliográfica e de uma breve análise de caso que envolve a violação sistemática dos direitos humanos de refugiados nas fronteiras da Europa, concluímos que a justiça derridiana, uma promessa irrealizável, experiência do impossível, exige o aperfeiçoamento constante das leis e das políticas estatais realmente existentes, a fim de torná-las cada vez mais acolhedoras do rosto do outro, seja ele quem for.
Conceptualising learning healthcare systems and organisations in the context of rehabilitation: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Christophers Lauren , Torok Zsofia , Cornall Catherine , Henn Aoife , Hudson Clare , Whyte Teresa , Stokes Diarmuid , Carroll Aine
Published: October 2022

Background: Transformative system wide action is needed for healthcare systems to meet the needs of an increasing aging population and changing health needs. One idea is that health systems can become “learning organisations” (LO) or “learning healthcare systems” (LHS) that continuously generate and apply evidence, innovation, quality, and value to provide better care. This is of value to non-acute healthcare settings such as rehabilitation, which are complex, multi-dimensional and multi-disciplinary in nature. Little is known about how these frameworks have been applied to rehabilitation settings.

Objective and inclusion criteria: The aim of this scoping review is to systematically map and summarise the literature conceptualising and operationalising LHS and LO in rehabilitation settings.

Studies will be included which define a LO or LHS; or describe an operating LHS/LO; or include the translation of research evidence generated from LHS/LO data into healthcare improvement within a rehabilitation context will be included. Study designs such as quantitative, qualitative, mixed method studies, and case studies will be included.

Methods: The guidelines from the Joanna Briggs institute methodology for scoping reviews will be used for this review. The literature search will be performed using a three-step search strategy: an initial limited search of two databases has been performed to identify relevant key words and index terms. The developed search string will be adapted and applied across the following databases: OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, APA PsycINFO and COCHRANE Database of Systematic Reviews. This will be followed by search of the reference lists of selected sources and relevant data-hubs. A draft data extraction framework will be used and updated iteratively to extract data. Frequency counts and qualitative content analysis will be employed to address the research question of how LHS and LO have been conceptualised and operationalised in the context of rehabilitation.
A Unifying Framework for Submodular Mean Field Games
Authors: Dianetti Jodi , Ferrari Giorgio , Fischer Markus , Nendel Max
Published: October 2022

We provide an abstract framework for submodular mean field games and identify verifiable sufficient conditions that allow us to prove the existence and approximation of strong mean field equilibria in models where data may not be continuous with respect to the measure parameter and common noise is allowed. The setting is general enough to encompass qualitatively different problems, such as mean field games for discrete time finite space Markov chains, singularly controlled and reflected diffusions, and mean field games of optimal timing. Our analysis hinges on Tarski’s fixed point theorem, along with technical results on lattices of flows of probability and subprobability measures.

Funding: Financial support by the German Research Foundation [Collaborative Research Centre Grant 1283/2 2021–317210226] is acknowledged.
Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the perceived insufficient milk questionnaire
Authors: Wu Qian , Wacharasin Chintana
Published: October 2022

Background/Aims

This study aimed to translate the perceived insufficient milk questionnaire into the Chinese language, Mandarin, perform cultural adaptation, and evaluate its validity and reliability.

Methods

The perceived insufficient milk questionnaire was translated using a forward-backward process. An expert panel evaluated content validity with both item and scale content validity indices. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated by the Cronbach alpha coefficient. With a 1-week interval, the test-retest reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient.

Results

A total of 328 participants were recruited. The item-level content validity index was as high (0.83–1.0), and the scale-level content validity index was 0.92, indicating excellent validity. A single-factor model was verified as acceptable with good fit indices. The internal consistency (Cronbach alpha coefficient=0.943) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient range: 0.870–0.974) were good.

Conclusions

The Chinese version of the perceived insufficient milk questionnaire had acceptable validity and reliability. It is helpful for healthcare providers to evaluate mother's beliefs about breastmilk quantity and nutritional quality, preventing early cessation of breastfeeding through timely interventions.
Chronic pain in small animals: how to create a pain management plan
Authors: Ferrero Camilla , Gurney Matt
Published: October 2022

Chronic pain impairs the quality of life of pets. Although the exact prevalence is unknown, recognition of chronic painful conditions has increased in the last few decades. Osteoarthritis may affect up to 20% of the canine adult population, although sources put this figure higher, at up to 40%. Chronic pain has a complex pathophysiology and a variety of presentations. The assessment can be challenging, as there may be several pathophysiological mechanisms underlying one disease. This clinical review gives an overview of chronic pain and demonstrates how to approach two case examples using the diagnostic tools available and illustrating the treatment options.
Drug Breakdown: sildenafil (Viagra)
Authors: Rees Sharon
Published: October 2022

In this column, Sharon Rees aims to refresh knowledge and interest in some of the commonly used drugs in a series of tweets. This month she is talking about #sildenafil #viagra
Management of the palatally displaced maxillary canine. Part 2: exposure and orthodontic alignment
Authors: Frawley Tom , Parkin Nicola
Published: October 2022

In Part 2 of this article, we highlight the differences between the open and closed exposure techniques in the management of palatally displaced canines (PDCs), the mechanical principles of alignment and the management of ankylosis.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The wide positional variation in the presentation of PDCs requires a degree of clinical flexibility with different exposure techniques and treatment mechanics.
Orthodontic patient perception during the COVID era and teleorthodontics. A review of the literature
Authors: Sharara Shima , Khoshkhounejad Golfam
Published: October 2022

The use of teleorthodontics during the COVID-19 pandemic has greatly supported the provision of orthodontic care when dental services were disrupted. This disruption could adversely impact on the psychological wellbeing of orthodontic patients. To assure high-quality care, it is essential to assess the patient's perception. This article is a review of the current literature on what comprises teledentistry with a focus on patient perception of such digital technology, their orthodontic experience during the COVID-19 pandemic and our recommendations thereafter.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: An assessment of orthodontic patients' experience of using teleorthodontics during the COVID pandemic with recommendations for effective use of the technology for the provision of high-quality care.
Driving best practice security in a hybrid working world
Authors: Mullis Simon
Published: October 2022

The UK is settling into its new hybrid working routine. This is introducing new cyber security challenges for organisations. To secure personal and sensitive data across this ever-growing, sprawling and increasingly insecure environment, organisations have stepped up their use of end-to-end encryption. But this has created visibility challenges for security and compliance teams. And to many IT security professionals, it feels like a Catch-22 as they try to secure the needs of this increasingly hybrid workforce.
Femtosecond laser welding for robust and low loss optical fiber bonding
Authors: Luo Junxian , Zhou Kanghu , Ma Yingqing , Lei Yu , Liu Hanwen , Tong Hongwei , Xiao Richard , Wang Yuwen , Chen Ye , Chen Zhuo , Xu Fei
Published: October 2022

Driven by the increasing demand for faster high-performance computing (HPC) networks and higher data center fabric transmission bandwidth, to favorite the needs of machine learning, data training, and computing, the adoption of co-packaged optics (CPO) and near-packaged optics (NPO) is one of the innovations to mitigate the slowing down of Moore’s law. Because of the high temperature generated by the next generation of high-speed chips like switch ASICs, CPUs, and GPUs, coupling fibers to photonic integrated circuit (PIC) with traditional epoxy-based fiber arrays is becoming more challenging and problematic. Therefore, an epoxy-free bonding method using femtosecond laser welding borosilicate glass 3.3 and optical fibers is proposed and demonstrated. Then, a low loss and polarization independent fiber to fiber coupling was demonstrated to show the reliability of bonding. In the experiment, a V groove is used for aligning and positioning two fibers. After welding, the minimum coupling loss and polarization dependent loss is 0.347 dB and below 0.1 dB respectively. The average shear force limit of the welded samples with 0.5 mm welding length is measured to be as high as ∼0.719 N. This technology could be used for epoxy-free based edge coupling the high density multi-fibers with PIC and has potential of scalable manufacturability through automation.
Generation of Bessel beams via femtosecond direct laser writing 3D phase plates
Authors: Wang Jue , Cai Chengkun , Wang Kangrui , Wang Jian
Published: October 2022

Featuring diffracting-free propagation and self-reconstruc-tion, Bessel beams (BBs) have sparked great interest in the scientific community. These properties give the potential for application in optical communications, laser machining, and optical tweezers. However, generating such beams with high quality is still challenging. Here, by using the femtosecond direct laser writing (DLW) based on two-photon polymerization (TPP) technique, we convert phase distributions of ideal BBs with different topological charges into polymer phase plates. The experimentally generated zeroth- and higher-order BBs are propagation-invariant up to 800 mm. Our work may facilitate the applications of non-diffracting beams in integrated optics.
Nationwide public perceptions regarding the acceptance of using wastewater for community health monitoring in the United States
Authors: LaJoie A. Scott , Holm Rochelle H. , Anderson Lauren B. , Ness Heather D. , Smith Ted
Published: October 2022

To assess the levels of infection across communities during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, researchers have measured severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA in feces dissolved in sewer water. This activity is colloquially known as sewer monitoring and is referred to as wastewater-based epidemiology in academic settings. Although global ethical principles have been described, sewer monitoring is unregulated for health privacy protection when used for public health surveillance in the United States. This study used Qualtrics XM, a national research panel provider, to recruit participants to answer an online survey. Respondents (N = 3,083) answered questions about their knowledge, perceptions of what is to be monitored, where monitoring should occur, and privacy concerns related to sewer monitoring as a public health surveillance tool. Furthermore, a privacy attitude questionnaire was used to assess the general privacy boundaries of respondents. Participants were more likely to support monitoring for diseases (92%), environmental toxins (92%), and terrorist threats (88%; e.g., anthrax). Two-third of the respondents endorsed no prohibition on location sampling scale (e.g., monitoring single residence to entire community was acceptable); the most common location category respondents wanted to prohibit sampling was at personal residences. Sewer monitoring is an emerging technology, and our study sheds light on perceptions that could benefit from educational programs in areas where public acceptance is comparatively lower. Respondents clearly communicated guard rails for sewer monitoring, and public opinion should inform future policy, application, and regulation measures.
The effect of different aggregations of severity levels of crashes with pedestrians in urban areas
Authors: Nogueira Silva Mateus , Craveiro Cunto Flávio José , Timbó Lima Gomes Marcos José
Published: October 2022

Promoting a safer road environment for pedestrians requires an understanding of the risk factors associated with the injuries suffered by these users while involved in crashes. Injury levels as recorded by police reports may be subjected to bias and errors specially in adjacent and not extreme injury categories. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of different severity classification configurations on identifying factors related to crashes involving pedestrians in urban areas. Multinomial logit models were estimated using crash records from the city of Fortaleza between the years 2017 and 2019. The results indicated that the combination of some severity levels can lead to different significant variables and, thus, depending on the specification of the response variable, the influence of important risk factors may end up being ignored in the model. Among the analyzed factors, the age of pedestrians, the day of the week, the time of the crash and the type of road remained significant for the different configurations of severity levels. In addition, the model with three severity categories (mild/moderate, severe, and fatal) presented the best performance in terms of model adjustment. It was observed from this model that factors such as the advanced age of pedestrians, crashes occurring at night, with heavy vehicles, on weekends and located on arterial or expressways are associated with more severe injuries.