bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REFORMULATING DRACULA IN THE EARLY 21ST CENTURY: GENRE ANALYSIS OF 24 VAMPIRE FILMS
Authors: Fuanda Nofiyanti
Published: November 2020

The vampire is a phenomenon in western literature and culture. As many literary works featuring vampire are produced every year and continue to interest of the audiences, the creature becomes even embedded in the heart of not only western people, but also most people in the world. Currently, the researches on the creature either as a part of the myth or a character in literary works is so booming. They conclude that there is transformation of vampire both in myth and literary work. The research on literary works mostly generalizes vampire and Dracula as similar terms referring to blood sucker in general. In fact, those two terms actually refer to different signifieds. Therefore, this research aims to discuss specifically the development of literary works, especially films featuring the Dracula character since Stoker’s story is still adapted in the current era. The discussion focuses on the conventions and inventions of Dracula films in the early twenty first century and how those new formulas are related to the social background. This research is qualitative research and data are collected from the library. In addition, the basic theory used is genre analysis which situates texts within textual and social contexts. In the field of American Studies, such analysis is relevant to McDowell’s theory of “past, present and future” which supports interdisciplinary studies of time development.As the finding of the research on twenty four films produced during 2000 to 2014 the researcher concludes that most of them mix the elements of some genres. There are eleven pure horror Dracula films, eight horror action, two horror drama, one horror adventure, one horror sci-fi, and one horror romance. Furthermore, the researcher found five formula inventions including: 1. the shifting themes which include the emergence of science and the blurring of sexuality; 2. the variation of the stereotypical characters which includes the turn of the villain into hero and the challenge of women as heroes; 3. the changing motive; 4. the variation of setting, and 5. the replacement of properties. In the further analysis, the development of the formulas is certainly the result of the mixing genres, and also the response to two major issues flourishes in today’s era such as the issue of modernity and rationality and the phenomenon of ‘New Women’ and ‘Now Women.’Keywords: vampire, Dracula, formula, convention, invention
THE REPRESENTATIONS OF HOMOPHOBIA IN GAY-THEMED AMERICAN MOVIES 1990s–2010s
Authors: Mere Stella Maris Saraswati
Published: November 2020

The United States is well-known for its acceptance of homosexuality. Nevertheless, homophobia remains a threat that endangers gay communities in the United States. Homophobia is an intriguing phenomenon for American filmmakers. Through gay-themed movies, those filmmakers intend to raise the awareness that homophobia is elusive to eradicate. This study scrutinizes the representations of homophobia in the United States as seen in gay-themed American movies. The study carries out Postnationalist America Studies as the paradigm of the study which encompasses the discussions of numerous phenomena in the United States. Also, the study applies theory of representation by Stuart Hall probing the representations of homophobia in gay-themed American movies of 1990s-2010s. The study uses nine gay-themed American movies of 1990s-2010s as the primary data of the research. The findings of the study show three representations of homophobia in the United States, which encompass religions, gender roles, heteronormativity, masculinity, and HIV/AIDS as the highlighted factors that incite homophobia. By highlighting those major factors of homophobia, the filmmakers come up with two major intentions. The first intention is the movies as means to criticize the society who conforms to strict religious beliefs, traditional gender roles, masculinity, and heteronormativity. The conformity has led the society to commit homophobia, hence making homophobia elusive to eradicate. The second intention is the movies are aimed at encouraging gay communities to keep fighting for their issues and equality.  Keywords: Homosexuality, Homophobia, the United States, Gay-themed American Movies
The Survival of Identity of Cherokee People in 20th Century as Depicted in Patricia Riley’s Damping Down the Road and Wisteria
Authors: Wulan Ovi Harum
Published: November 2020

The lives of the Cherokee family in the 20th Century in Patricia Riley’s Damping Down the Road and Wisteriagive a description in how the characters in the family have different viewpoint on seeing Native American, Cherokee. The research is to find out the ways used by the Cherokee people to survive in the whites’ culture society and to find the reasons for the Cherokee people survive in such way. The research is conducted under American Studies discipline, by applying postnational paradigm. Moreover, mimicry, decolonization theory proposed by Frantz Fanon, to analyze the ways used by the characters to survive in the whites’ culture society and drive theory proposed by Clark L. Hull to answer the reason for the natives to survive in such ways.The research finds that both short stories are depicted to do mimicry and to keep their Cherokee culture. The characters who do mimicry are those who want to be accepted in the whites’ culture society meanwhile the characters who keep their Cherokee culture are those who have mission in maintaining the Cherokee culture for the next generation. By doing mimicry and keeping the traditional culture, they could survive in the whites’ culture society in order to show their existence. Keywords: Cherokee, whites’ culture, mimicry, decolonization, and drive theory
THE EXPRESSIONS OF FREEDOM AND RESISTANCE IN GUNS N’ ROSES’ APPETITE FOR DESTRUCTION
Authors: Rahman Nizarur , Saktiningrum Nur
Published: November 2020

Music and song lyrics are artistic works for people from any social group to listen to and read. Song lyrics have been situated in various social contexts. Social realities or circumstances, for example, have often been the source of inspiration for song lyrics. This kind of social aspect is apparent in Guns N’ Roses’ album Appetite for Destruction. The album presents songs with lyrics that portray various social and cultural issues in contemporary society. Through the stories of survival from the physical and mental abuse since childhood, the portrayal of those issues represents the freedom of expression and resistance. Freedom and resistance are a response to abusive behavior and social establishment. This kind of response represents the attitude demonstrated by subculture groups. The present article studies the song lyrics in Appetite for Destruction with the above mentioned topic. The topic is discussed using John Rowe’s postnationalist approach and analyzed using Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic method. The discussion also draws on the concept of subculture as described by Dick Hebdigie. The primary data are the words and sentences in the album that signify expressions of freedom and resistance. The study led to the finding that the album reveals freedom and resistance from the perspective of the victims of physical and mental abuse since childhood. The spirit of freedom and resistance is their anchor throughout their survival from abuses and pitfalls in society. It also found that the song lyrics describe the social realities of subculture groups with the same spirit in surviving life predicaments and the social establishment.Keywords: song lyrics; resistance; expression of freedom; abuse; Appetite for Destruction
Editorial
Authors: Rubikon Jurnal
Published: November 2020

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1929 YILI TÜRKİYE GÜZELLİK MÜSABAKASI İÇİN ÇEKİLEN FOTOĞRAFLAR ÜZERİNDEN DEĞERLENDİRMELER
Authors: ERUTKU Bülent Ümit
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmada ülkemizde ilk kez 1929 yılında yapılmış olan güzellik yarışmasına katılan adayların fotoğraflarını çeken gazetenin anlaşmalı olduğu fotoğrafçılar ve çektikleri portreler irdelenmiştir.
Bunun için; Cumhuriyet Gazetesi’nin 1929 yılı taranmıştır. Yarışma ile ilgili bilgiler ve fotoğraflar derlenmiştir. Fotoğrafların çekimlerini yapan fotoğrafhaneler hakkında bilgiler toplanmıştır. Fotoğrafçıların çektikleri fotoğraflar gruplandırılarak aydınlatma tarzı, kompozisyon ve fon kriterleri bakımından değerlendirilmiştir.
Gazete ilk başta fotoğraf çekimi için anlaşmalı olduğu Foto Weinberger’i (Foto Français) adres göstermiş ancak sonradan yoğunluk gerekçesiyle Foto Ferit İbrahim, Foto Femina, Foto Febüs, Foto Kanzler, Sébah & Joailler’ı çekim için başvurulabileceğini açıklamıştır. Bu fotoğrafhanelerin hepsi İstanbul’da Beyoğlu’ndadır. Bu isimler ülkemizin en önemli fotoğrafhanelerdir. Fotoğrafçıların çoğu Osmanlı’nın son döneminde padişahı ve saray erkanı’nı, Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında ise Atatürk ve devlet kademesinin portre fotoğraflarını çekmişlerdir.
Bu çalışmada, ülkemiz fotoğraf tarihi açısından da bu yarışmanın önemli olduğu düşüncesiyle, fotoğraflarını çeken gazete ile anlaşmalı fotoğrafçıların yapmış oldukları çekimler, kompozisyon yöntemi ile imaj analizi bağlamında incelenmiştir.
Türkiye’nin ilk güzellik müsabakasında adayların başvurusu için çekilen fotoğraflar üzerinden değerlendirmelere belirtilen bağlamda literatürde rastlanmamıştır.
A COLISÃO DE DEVERES EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA (COVID-19): QUAIS CRITÉRIOS OS MÉDICOS DEVEM SEGUIR?
Authors: Siqueira Leonardo , Kramer Renato
Published: November 2020

Com o surgimento da pandemia, mais especificamente da Covid-19, a comunidade científica deparou-se com situações relevantes, culminando no que se convencionou chamar de colisão de deveres. Essa temática ganhou relevância, sobretudo, no Brasil, onde a carência de respiradores artificiais é considerável em relação a países desenvolvidos, e o médico precisa, em poucos segundos, decidir entre este ou aquele paciente. Nesse sentido, o objetivo primordial do trabalho é resolver casos práticos a partir dos critérios objetivos desenvolvidos pela doutrina, possibilitando que os profissionais de saúde possam tomar, em casos semelhantes, a decisão mais justa no caso concreto. Assim, na primeira seção, será abordada a natureza jurídica da colisão de deveres; em seguida, faremos um breve estudo sobre a definição de colisão de deveres; posteriormente desenvolveremos os critérios para a hieraquização dos deveres; e, por fim, resolveremos os casos concretos apresentados na introdução, baseando-nos nos critérios escolhidos. A bibliografia empregada será, preponderantemente, a alemã, pois é onde se desenvolve com maior intensidade a literatura acerca da temática.
Engaging with ‘activists’ and ‘alternatives’ in science communication
Authors: Gregory Jane
Published: November 2020

‘Alternative’ and ‘activist’ are words with meanings strongly influenced by the social context of their use. Both words refer to concepts, things or people that stand in opposition to other concepts, things and people that are often taken for granted, and not elucidated. In science communication studies, ‘science’ is often an unelucidated concept. Indeed, in recent history, efforts within academia to map the perspectives on science that we might explore with the public have proven fractious, to say the least. In everyday science communication practice, however, we can readily see that there are many differing perspectives on science (and its alternatives) and on how, as the activists urge, it should (or should not) be deployed. This commentary encourages a symmetrical approach to understanding ‘alternative’ and ‘activist’ in the context of science communication, which has the potential to bring out a range of perspectives and provide a context for democratic engagement.
Two forms of European cooperation: EU integration and Greater Europe
Authors:   European Forum Alpbach, FISCHLER FRANZ
Published: November 2020

Globalization is the greatest factor in international development. It should be noted that globalization brings enormous opportunities, but also great risks. Often one goes with the other. However, expanding international cooperation and leveraging successful partner experiences can lead to unprecedented prosperity in the world. At the same time, the risk is increasing that, as a result of globalization, this prosperity will be distributed more and more unevenly and that a growing proportion of the world’s population will be disadvantaged. The same goes for increasing wealth when it is bought at the cost of shifting the main burden on future generations. So we need a shared, responsible globalization that includes all people. Such a thing can be successful only if cooperation between states is strengthened and responsibility is shared. The author analyzes the ambitious agenda proposed by the President of the European Commission, Ms. Ursula von der Leyen, which highlights such tasks as concluding a European "green" deal; developing an economy that works for people; creating a Europe that is equipped for the digital age; protecting what makes Europe Europe; strengthening Europe in the world; giving a new impetus to democracy in Europe. It is emphasized that the Commission wants to play a responsible leadership role throughout the world. The EU has the courage to put forward new initiatives for a strong, open and fair international trade agenda. The EU is still the world's largest exporter of manufactured goods and services, as well as the largest export market for 80 countries.
Cooperation between Netherlands and Russia should develop in various fields
Authors:   Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, JONES-BOS RENEE
Published: November 2020

The interview is a reflection of the famous Dutch diplomat and politician Renee Jones-Bos, who in 2016–2019 worked as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to the Russian Federation. The main topic of the article is the need for cooperation between countries in various fields. In particular, the interview talks about interaction in the field of environmental protection, exchange of experience in the development of ‘smart cities’, and the features of the Dutch economy based on a pragmatic approach to development due to the geographical location of the country. In particular, it is noted that the achievements of the Netherlands in the field of environmental conservation are caused not only by the understanding of the importance of this topic in the issue of human survival, but, above all, are determined by the country’s characteristics: a small territory and a population that is quantitatively comparable to the population of a small Russian region. The importance of academic and university projects and exchanges as part of peopleto- people diplomacy is emphasized; the role of the undergraduate educational program in the field of Ecosystem Management ‘Eco-Management’, implemented by the Faculty of Foreign Regional Studies and Regional Administration of the IPACS of the RANEPA since 2019, is disclosed.
National projects as a qualitatively new level of state responsibility
Authors:   Federal Treasury, ARTYUKHIN ROMAN E.
Published: November 2020

The article reveals the approaches of the Russian Treasury to solving the problem of operational management of risks arising during the budget cycle, the most important parameters that affect the efficiency of the financial and budgetary system, by introducing information technologies in the activities of Control and Supervisory bodies. We are talking about increasing the degree of automation of control processes and increasing the level of openness of the government in the implementation of national projects, including those related to the creation of capital construction projects. The topic of functioning of the state integrated information system for public finance management ‘Electronic budget’, through which citizens can track the results of the state’s activities on federal and regional projects, is discussed in detail. As an effective tool for tracking control points of national (federal, regional) projects, it is proposed to introduce a unique identifier for the project result. It is important to create risk profiles for each individual project, for which the Russian Treasury, together with Rosfinmonitoring, has developed a mechanism for information interaction that allows identifying unscrupulous performers of state contracts. We are talking about the need for a risk-based approach to control, in which control and supervisory authorities can remotely analyze the object of control and coordinate their control and supervisory activities with other authorized bodies. An important condition for the sustainable development of the state is the solution of the problem of monitoring the achievement of national goals with minimal costs, without excessive pressure on the controlled environment.
Directions of improving legal education
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, ZAITSEV OLEG V. , NOVAK DENIS V. ,   Private Law Research Centre named after S.S. Alekseev under the President of the Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

The article is a continuation of the expert discussion ‘Legal education and the labor market. Transformation or stagnation in the digital economy’, uniting the leaders of leading Russian and foreign law schools, the scientific, pedagogical community at the Gaidar Forum 2020. The authors consider a wide range of issues related to the characterization of the current state of legal education, its integration into the Bologna system, noting the importance of the application of traditional methods and means of teaching law, taking into account modern realities. Particular attention is paid to the traditions of teaching law laid down by Roman lawyers, the history of the formation and development of domestic jurisprudence, as well as modern discussions on a given topic, in which representatives of the scientific community and practical lawyers take part. The authors draw attention to issues related to the new content of curricula and new ways of regulating legal education. The topic of state accreditation of educational programs in the field of jurisprudence and the role of the Association of Russian Lawyers in this process also seems important. The analysis of the main features of modern law is carried out, necessitating the comprehensive improvement of modern legal education. As a possible measure of the quality of legal education, the introduction of a single exam for entering the profession is proposed.
Legal nature of the Russian development institutions
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences, SAFONOV MAXIM S.
Published: November 2020

In the article, development institution is considered from its legal form and nature, in which it can and should carry out its activities, namely, as a subject of public law. The relevance of this article is expressed by the introduction in the Russian law of a public law company concept, which is a new alternative to state-owned corporations. On July 3, 2016, Federal Law No. 236- FZ “On Public Law Companies in the Russian Federation and on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation” (with amendments and additions) was adopted. After its adoption, a new wave of discussions began to take place on the active use of such concepts as a legal entity of public law in Russian legislation. At the legislative level, it became necessary to implement general principles regarding legal entities of the same type in the framework of the legal matrix, into which it is possible to attribute all known subjects of law. The special legal nature of development institutions requires a particular legal form that would meet the goals and objectives set for them. The use of almost all the provisions of the legal entity of public law theory, in modern practice, can be the correct decision to create the necessary legal form for development institutions. This will allow taking into account the features of the property base of their activities, peculiarities of management of the development institution, setting goals when making decisions, the ability to use specific tools of state regulation of economy in the implementation of public functions assigned to the development institutions.
Recreating Discourse Community for Appropriating HOCs in Law Undergraduates’ Academic Writing
Authors: Luhach Suman
Published: November 2020

Like any other discipline, academic writing is equally crucial for law undergraduates to master. Project reports, argumentative essay writing on current socio-legal affairs and research paper writing comprise requisites in academia for law learners. Students’ appropriation of higher order concerns in academic writing is a major challenge for teachers, as the physical classroom discourse community is typically passive and does not give enough opportunities to students to think critically about their writing processes. The teacher is expected to provide feedback to students on their writing, which often leads to the creation of only one feedback centre, restriction of the scope for varied perceptions and formation of multiple small discourses where the teacher is the central point of reference in every discourse. Consequentially, students can fail to develop self/peer-critiques in the ongoing discourse. The present paper has its focus on the recreation of discourse communities using a learning management system at the Law School, Bennett University, India, to promote peer-to-peer learning for honing higher order concerns in academic writing. The paper investigates how law students behave whilst interacting in a recreated online discourse community, benefit through peer feedback, and enhance their knowledge of the academic writing genre of argumentative essays, its subject matter and rhetoric involved. The methodological triangulation of pre-test/post-test analysis, student survey and conceptual content analysis of students’ interaction transcripts support recreation of online discourse communities in academic writing instruction.
Introducing Animal-Assisted Intervention for Special Education in Integrated Farming System
Authors: Zhi eh Xian , Aziz Zalena Abdul , Taib Nooriati
Published: November 2020

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopment disorder that affects an individual’s social skills, communication skills and repetitive behaviours. Due to these factors, an autism learning environment has to be purposely-built to cater for the sensory needs of these learners. In special education practice, animal-assisted intervention has become popular over recent years to this end. This study aims to analyse the practice of animal-assisted intervention in an autism learning environment with the aid of a sustainable system called an integrated farming system. The study is conducted using mixed methods, involving content analysis of the technical information and detailed drawings of an integrated farming system, as well as an online survey about the implementation of the intervention in autism classrooms via such a system. Our findings show that the technical drawings for implementing an integrated farming system in the built environment represent an architectural intervention. The online survey also shows positive feedback from experts in autism services. The study concludes that animal-assisted autism learning is a promising future model for special education. It also suggests that an integrated farming system is a potential nature-based livestock farming solution to include animals in a farm-based autism educational setting. This could serve as a reference and basis for future architects or researchers to extend the research or implement animal-assisted interventions in real practices.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 on parents of pediatric cancer patients
Authors: guido antonella , marconi elisa , peruzzi laura , napoli nicola di , tamburrini gianpiero , Attinà Giorgio , balducci mario , Valentini Vincenzo , Ruggiero Antonio , Chieffo Daniela
Published: November 2020

Background. The changes and general alarm of the current COVID-19
pandemic have amplified the sense of precariousness and vulnerability
for family members who, in addition to the emotional trauma of the
cancer diagnosis, add the distress and fear of the risks associated with
infection. The primary objectives of the present study was to
investigate the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the
parents of pediatric cancer patients, and to investigate the level of
stress, anxiety, and the child’s quality of life perceived by the
parents during the Covid-19 epidemic. Methods. The parents of 45
consecutive children with solid and haematological tumors were enrolled.
Four questionnaires (Impact of Event Scale-Revised - IES-R ; Perceived
Stress Scale - PSS; Spielberger State - Trait Anxiety Inventory - STAI-Y
; Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory - PedsQL) were administered to the
parents at the beginning of the pandemic lockdown. Results. 75% of
parents exhibited remarkable levels of anxiety, with 60 subjects in
state scale and 45 subjects in trait scale having scores that reached
and exceeded the STAI-Y cut off. The bivariate matrix of correlation
(Figure 1) found a strong significant positive correlation between the
IES-R and PSS scores (r = 0.55, P < 0.001). There was a
positive correlations between the PSS and PedsQL (emotional needs) scale
(P < 0.001) and a negative correlation between IES-R and
STAI-Y (P < 0.001). Conclusion. The results confirm that
parents of pediatric cancer patients have a high psychological risk for
post-traumatic symptoms, high stress levels, and the presence of
clinically significant levels of anxiety.
Sickle Cell Disease and COVID-19: Susceptibility and Severity
Authors: Rahimi Zohreh , Sayad Babak
Published: November 2020

Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients are immunocompromised with multiple
comorbidities and a hypercoagulation state. On the other hand COVID-19
is associated with cytokine storm and hypercoagulability. To find the
susceptibility and the clinical course of COVID-19 in SCD patients we
surveyed related published papers from USA, Europe, Middle East, few
African patients and international SCD registry. The COVID-19
presentation was mild in children and moderate in many SCD adults. To
explain these findings, possible benefits of high HbF level, and
hydroxyurea therapy could be considered. The obtained results should be
interpreted considering low cases from sub-Saharan people, younger age
of SCD patients compared to general population, a bias toward registry
of more severe form of the disease, the influence of preexisting
comorbidities with multisystem organ damage in exacerbation of the
COVID-19 and the fatality rate in SCD patients and the role of health
socio-economic determinants.
Interleukin-31: The ‘itchy’ cytokine in inflammation and therapy
Authors: Datsi Angeliki , Alam Majid , Ahmad Fareed , Steinhoff Martin , Buddenkotte Joerg
Published: November 2020

Interleukin-31 has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple
atopic disorders such as atopic dermatitis (AD), rhinitis and airway
hyperreactivity. In AD, IL-31 has been identified as one of the main
‘drivers’ of its cardinal symptom pruritus. Here, we aim to summarize
the mechanisms by which IL-31 modulates inflammatory and allergic
diseases. TH2 cells play a central role in AD and release high levels of
TH2-produced cytokines including IL-31, thereby mediating inflammatory
responses, initiating immunoregulatory circuits, and stimulating itch
and neuronal outgrowth through activation of the heterodimer receptor
IL-31 receptor alpha (IL31RA)/Oncostatin M receptor β. IL31RA expression
is found on human and murine dorsal root ganglia neurons, epithelial
cells including keratinocytes as well as various innate immune cells.
IL-31 is a critical cytokine involved in neuro-immune communication,
which opens new avenues for cytokine modulation in neuroinflammatory
diseases including AD/pruritus, as validated by recent clinical trials
using an anti-IL-31 antibody. Accordingly, inhibition of IL-31
downstream signaling may be a beneficial approach for various
inflammatory diseases including prurigo nodularis. For example, whether
downstream JAK inhibitors directly block IL-31-mediated-signaling needs
to be clarified. Targeting the IL-31/IL31RA/OSMRβ axis appears to be a
promising approach for inflammatory, neuroinflammatory and pruritic
disorders in the future.
Non-constructive Supracardiac Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection With Giant Superior Vena Cava Aneurysm
Authors: Yan Yangbo , Yu Kai , Yang Yanlin , Gan Changping
Published: November 2020

Giant superior vena cava (SVC) aneurysm in obstructive supracardiac
total anomalous venous connection (TAPVC) is rare, and there has not
been a giant SVC aneurysm reported in non-obstructive TAPVC. Here we
reported a 29‐year‐old female with non-obstructive TAPVC and a giant SVC
aneurysm. Routine TAPVC correction and partial venoctomy were done,
considering that such a giant aneurysm in a non-obstructive venous arch
might have its histological etiology and higher risk of thrombosis
and/or rupture.
Value of Influenza Vaccines in Cancer Patients during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic
Authors: Aznab Mozafar , Roozbahani Narges Eskandari , Moazen Homa
Published: November 2020

Background & aims: According to the recommendation of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), getting Influenza Vaccines during
the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemics is especially important for people
with certain underlying medical conditions, like cancer. Due to the
similarities between the symptoms of influenza and Covid-19, receiving
the flu vaccine in suspicious cases can be helpful because it will make
it easier to request a medical test and diagnosis. In this
cross-sectional descriptive study, the value of influenza vaccination in
the cancer population was investigated. Subjects and Methods: All cancer
patients who were referred to our clinic and had eligibility to receive
the flu vaccine were included in our study for following up clinical
signs every week for one month. All patients who were vaccinated from
October 1 to 15, 2020, were investigated. The most side effects that
were followed were fever, runny nose, bone pain, life-threatening, or
persistent adverse effects. Results: From a total of 289 patients
[median age: 52 years (range 18-79), 112 (38.9 %) males and 176
(61.1%) female] with different types of cancers, only two patients
had an adverse effect of vaccination (including bone pain, runny nose,
and fatigue), and one had Covid-19 ten days after vaccination. The rest
of the patients did not show any side effects due to flu vaccination
after one month of follow-up.
Large scale multiple sequence alignment of intraspecies samples: conserved sequence analysis of influenza A virus HA segment and its application in rapid typing
Authors: Lin Qianyu , Ji Xiang , Wu Feng , Ma Lan
Published: November 2020

Background The high mutation rate of influenza A virus hemagglutinin
segment brings great challenges to its long-term effective testing and
subtyping. Method We analyzed the conserved sequences of hemagglutinin
subtype H1-H9 by breadth first, and designed primers for HA subtyping
based on conserved sequences. Results Our conserved sequence searching
method get high specificity conserved sequences on H1-H9 subtypes
respectively. And PCR experiments show that primers based on conserved
sequences can be used in influenza A virus HA subtyping. Conclusions
Conserved sequences based primers are expected to be the long-term
effective influenza A virus HA subtyping tools.
Microbial contamination of hands with or without the use of electric toilet seats with water spray (bidets) after defecation
Authors: Oie Shigeharu , Suetomi Mai
Published: November 2020

Objective: Electric toilet seats with water spray (bidets) are
gaining in popularity all over the world. However, the extent of
reduction in microbial contamination of hands with the use of bidets
after defecation is not known. Methods: The microbe
contamination of hands with and without the use of bidets after
defecation with the participation of 32 nursing students was studied.
Double gloves were worn on the dominant hand and four layers of toilet
paper were used to wipe the buttocks after defecation and the microbe
contamination of the second glove (outer glove) of the double gloves was
examined. The volunteers were free to select flow volume, wash time of
the bidet and even the type of bidet for use was left up the individual.
Results: Without the use of a bidet, the average value ±
standard deviation of the number of microbe attached to the gloves was
39,449.3 ± 77,768.3 colony forming units (cfu) / glove; however, it was
4,146.9 ± 11,427.7 cfu / glove when a bidet was used.The number of
microbe adhering to gloves was significantly reduced when a bidet was
used (p <0.0001, Wilcoxon singed-rank test).
Conclusion: It was discovered that reduction of microbe
contamination of hands was possible with the use of bidets after
defecation.
QT changes of unforeseen implications and bedaquiline: an observational study
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sandip , Dutta Samya , Ta Rupam
Published: November 2020

Background: Bedqauiline (BDQ) is a relatively new agent for multidrug
(MDR) and extremely drug resistant (XDR) TB. It is important to look for
cardiac safety and the bizarre adverse reactions after initiation of the
drugs from the real world studies. Methods: An observational study was
conducted on the institutionalized MDR and XDR patients under the
conditional access program of BDQ in India. Daily ECG, adverse events
and change in laboratory values for first two weeks were recorded with
mortality and serious adverse events till first three months of
initiation of BDQ containing regimen. Results: Among the total of 49
patients, nausea (n=33) was the most reported side effect. Though a mean
rise of QTcF (12%) was noted after 14 days, individually, both
prolongations (QTcF >440 ms) and shortening (from baseline
values) of QTcF were noted in 95.92% (n=47) and 89.8% (n=44) patients.
Three distinct QT patterns noted in ECG were, a) initial rise then fall
(n=8), b) initial fall then rise (n=9) and c) rise followed by further
rise (32). There was no serious adverse event leading to drug withdrawal
or mortality in the first three months. Conclusions: Prolongation of
QTcF occurs in alarming numbers during first two weeks of BDQ therapy as
well as shortened QT. However, BDQ was otherwise tolerated well by the
real world MDR & XDR-TB patients in short term. Intensive ECG and
clinical monitoring is recommended to detect possible serious
implications of such ECG changes in the long term.
Molecular epidemiology and survival analysis of nosocomial meningitis induced by multi-drug resistance Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Zheng Guanghui , Cao Yanfei , Qian Lingye , Cai Yumeng , Lv Hong , Zhang Lina , Zhang Guojun
Published: November 2020

Objectives: To evaluate the molecular epidemiology and mortality risk
factors of nosocomial meningitis (NM) induced by multi-drug resistance
Enterobacteriaceae (MDRE) in China. Methods: We performed a multi-center
study of MDRE NM patients in 2 neurosurgical centers in China from 2014
to 2019. Molecular and phenotype microbiology epidemiology of each MDRE
were reviewed and tested, and 21 clinical variables on mortality risk
factors were extracted and evaluated by multivariate Cox analysis for
NM. Results: In total, 90 MDRE NM patients were included in this study.
Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae occupied the highest proportion (51.11%,
46/90), 44 (44.44%) were meropenem-resistant, ceftriaxone resistance in
target MDRE was relatively high (92.22%, 83/90), blaKPC (67.50%,
27/40) was the predominant carbapenem resistance gene, and blaCTX-M-1,
blaTEM and blaCTM-M-9 were the three most popular extended spectrum
β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing genes of the MDRE. Multivariate Cox
analysis showed that external ventricular drainage (EVD, odds ratio (OR)
2.524, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.101-5.787, P = 0.029) and Glasgow
Coma Scale (GCS) ≤8 (OR 4.033, 95% CI 1.526-10.645, P = 0.005) were
mortality risk factors of MDRE NM. Conclusions: NM caused by MDRE is an
important sign of the failure of neurosurgery, and MDRE has multiple
drug resistance genotypes, and EVD and GCS≤8 are independent mortality
risk factors of MDRE NM, which deserves the attention of microbiologist
and neurosurgical clinicians.
Efficacy and prognosis of CT-guided of 125I radioactive seeds implantation brachytherapy as salvage treatment for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma after external beam radiotherapy--A long-term experience at a single institution
Authors: li xuemin , Jiang Yuliang , Ji Zhe , Peng Ran , Guo Fuxin , Chen Yi , Wei Shuhua , Sun Haitao Haitao , Fan Jinghong , Li Weiyan , Wang Junjie
Published: November 2020

Background: To assess the efficacy and prognosis of computed tomography
(CT)-guided 125I radioactive seeds implantation brachytherapy (RSI-BT)
for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after external beam
radiotherapy (EBRT). Methods: Thirty-one patients with recurrent NPC
(forty-one lesions) after EBRT from February 2003 to January 2019 were
enrolled in this retrospective study. The work-follow of CT-guidance
RSI-BT was: indication selection, patient set-up and immobilization on
CT couch, CT-simulation, preoperative planning, prescription doses (PD)
definition of 110-160Gy, seed implantation, postoperative dosimetric
evaluation and postoperative follow-up. Median radioactivity of RSI was
0.43 (range 0.22-0.79, average 0.61) mCi. Median actuarial number of
125I seeds was 24 (range 3-83, average 37). Median value of
post-operative D90 was 118.5 (range 62.4-246, average 136.2) Gy. Local
control (LC) and overall survival (OS) were investigated for their
relationship with the prognosis. The adverse events were evaluated by
the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) classification criteria.
Results: Median follow-up was 41.9 (range 2.1-60.2, average 44.1)
months. Median LC was 35.8 (range 2.1-60.2, average 34.9) months. LC at
1-, 3- and 5-year was 71.3%, 41.9% and 27.9%, respectively. Median OS
was 22.6 (range 2.1~60.2, average 27.1) months. OS at
1-, 3- and 5-years was 57.7%, 23.8% and 11.9%, respectively.
Univariate analysis suggested that sex (P=0.037) and frequency of
previous EBRT (P=0.001) were prognostic factors influencing LC.
Moreover, univariate analysis also suggested that frequency of previous
EBRT (P=0.012) was prognostic factors influencing OS. Prevalence of side
effects (≥grade 3) was 6.5%. Conclusion: 125I RSI-BT was a safe and
feasible salvage treatment for recurrent NPC after EBRT. Key words:
recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma; External beam radiotherapy; 125I
seed implantation brachytherapy; overall survival; local control; side
effects.
China and Africa in the Fight against COVID-19
Authors: Deych T. L.
Published: November 2020

The article deals with the problem of China’s medical assistance to African countries and, first of all, of its participation in the fight against the coronavirus pandemic on the continent. The author analyzes the features of Sino-African cooperation in the field of medicine as of important tool of Beijing’s “soft power” policy. The role of both the state and Chinese companies and private businesses in this cooperation, as well as the role of classical and traditional Chinese medicine in the fight against diseases such as malaria, HIV - AIDS, and the Ebola epidemic in Africa, is considered. The article examines the factors that allowed Beijing to cope with the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic in the country and to gain experience that has found application in the practice of Chinese assistance to African countries. The author analyzes the features of the COVID-19 pandemic on the African continent, where its spread is fraught with a serious threat. The focus is on the specifics of China’s medical assistance to African countries in the fight against this threat: sending medicines and protective equipment, doctors and medical personnel, and building and refurbishing hospitals. At the same time, the article analyzes the problem of eliminating the economic consequences of the pandemic for Africa and China’s participation in the recovery of the African economy, as well as the role that the global Chinese project “One belt, one road” is intended to play in these processes.
The Pandemic Strategies of the Far-Right Parties in Western Europe
Authors: Badaeva A. S.
Published: November 2020

The author explores the behavior of the West-European far-right parties under the coronavirus crisis circumstances. In the beginning stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020 opposition right-wing nationalist parties tried immediately to take advantage of the difficult health situation and of the following social shock and economic problems. The actions and the rhetoric of these parties varied depending on the each country specific circumstances: number of pandemic casualties, strictness and effectiveness of measures taken by the government, national characteristic. Right-wing nationalist were able to achieve success exactly in those West-European countries, where the society was not enough consolidated. For example, Vlaams Belang in Belgium and Brothers of Italy became very popular. In front of this national cohesion and unity of society have created a formidable opposition to anti-government right-wing agitation. Political campaigns of Scandinavian far-right parties, Alternative for Germany, National Rally and the Freedom Party of Austria were almost ineffective. The current situation is unprecedented and indefinite. All sides of the political process are under tension and they are trying to calculate all possible scenarios for further development of events.
Radiation Treatment of Synchronous Gynaecologic Cancer: a Clinical Case
Authors: Lushnikova P. A. , Sukhikh E. S.
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Recent years have witnessed an increased incidence of multiple neoplasms. In multiple combined cancer, the choice of treatment strategy remains challenging, as two or more tumours require treatment in the shortest perspective. However, an intense treatment may induce many and severe complications with co-located organs and systems. No universal protocol or treatment standard for managing multiple primary cancers is accepted in Russia or worldwide.

Materials and methods. The clinical case describes radiation treatment of a female patient with synchronous gynaecologic cancer of vagina and endometrium at the “TOOD” medical facility’s radiotherapy unit. Our treatment was designed to maximise the dosage targeting at a minimal off-coverage of healthy tissues. The treatment was conducted in two steps on an Elekta Synergy Platform S instrument, with the total duration of 62 days.

Results and discussion. After radiotherapy, the patient had an oncologic and gynaecologic observation for one year. A complete tumour regression in two localities was confirmed visually, cytologically and instrumentally.

Conclusion. A treatment strategy in multiple primary cancers should be personalised. With unfeasible “standard therapy”, alternative approaches for the patient’s treatment are to be explored. We report a successful therapy in a woman with synchronous gynaecologic cancer by applying remote conformal radiation in regional uterine cancers with simultaneous integrated boost to the vaginal tumour during the first radiation step. Brachytherapy at the second step was replaced with stereotactic radiation due to vaginal constriction, pain syndrome and unfeasible applicator installation.
MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN CHILDREN ASSOCIATED WITH NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION (COVID-19): CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL COMPARISONS
Authors:   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Ovsyannikov D.Yu. ,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Novikova Yu.Yu. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Abramov D.S. ,   National Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia, Angel A.E. ,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Glazyrina A.A. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Kantemirova M.G. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Kislyakov A.N. ,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Kryshova E.S. ,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Kurbanova S.Kh. ,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Petryaykina E.E. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Rtishchev A.Yu. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Tigai Zh.G. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Kharkin A.V. ,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Shalatonin M.P. ,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), with signs of Kawasaki disease (KD) and toxic shock syndrome, well-defined diagnostic criteria, is the most severe manifestation of COVID-19 in pediatric patients. MIS-C is analogous to the cytokine storm in children with COVID-19. The article presents a clinical observation of a child with MIS-C with a lethal outcome. Clinical and anamnestic data, the results of laboratory and instrumental research allowed to diagnose MIS-C in a 2-year-old girl with full KD form. Autopsy results, detailed microscopic examination, which revealed systemic vasculitis of small and mediumsized vessels, inflammatory infiltrates in different organs, are presented, clinical and morphological comparisons are made.
HAIR LOSS (ALOPECIA) IN CHILDREN: ETIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Authors:   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, Antonova S.B. ,   Sverdlovsk Oblast Regional Dermatovenerologic Dispensary, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, Ufimtseva M.A. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, Bochkarev Yu.M. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, Nikolaeva K.I. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, Savchenko N.V. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia
Published: November 2020

The article presents epidemiological data, age-related characteristics of hair and scalp diseases in children, and presents clinical cases with typical and rare dermatoses of this localization.