bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local reduction of decadal glacier thickness loss through mass balance management in ski resorts
Authors: Fischer Andrea , Helfricht Kay , Stocker-Waldhuber Martin
Published: November 2016

Abstract. For Austrian glacier ski resorts, established in the 1970s and 1980s during a period of glacier advance, negative mass balances with resulting glacier area loss and decrease in surface elevation present an operational challenge. Glacier cover, snow farming, and technical snow production were introduced as adaptation measures based on studies on the effect of these measures on energy and mass balance. After a decade of the application of the various measures, we studied the transition from the proven short-term effects of the measures on mass balance to long-term effects on elevation changes. Based on lidar digital elevation models and differential GPS measurements, decadal surface elevation changes in 15 locations with mass balance management were compared to those without measures (apart from piste grooming) in five Tyrolean ski resorts on seven glaciers. The comparison of surface elevation changes presents clear local differences in mass change, and it shows the potential to retain local ice thickness over 1 decade. Locally up to 21.1 m ± 0.4 m of ice thickness was preserved on mass balance managed areas compared to non-maintained areas over a period of 9 years. In this period, mean annual thickness loss in 15 of the mass balance managed profiles is 0.54 ± 0.04 m yr−1 lower (−0.23 ± 0.04 m yr−1on average) than in the respective reference areas (−0.78 ± 0.04 m yr−1). At two of these profiles the surface elevation was preserved altogether, which is promising for a sustainable maintenance of the infrastructure at glacier ski resorts. In general the results demonstrate the high potential of the combination of mass balance management by snow production and glacier cover, not only in the short term but also for multi-year application to maintain the skiing infrastructure.
Modal dynamics of structures with bladed isotropic rotors and its complexity for two-bladed rotors
Authors: Hansen Morten Hartvig
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The modal dynamics of structures with bladed isotropic rotors is analyzed using Hill's method. First, analytical derivation of the periodic system matrix shows that isotropic rotors with more than two blades can be represented by an exact Fourier series with 3/rev (three per rotor revolution) as the highest order. For two-bladed rotors, the inverse mass matrix has an infinite Fourier series with harmonic components of decreasing norm; thus, the system matrix can be approximated by a truncated Fourier series of predictable accuracy. Second, a novel method for automatically identifying the principal solutions of Hill's eigenvalue problem is introduced. The corresponding periodic eigenvectors can be used to compute symmetric and antisymmetric components of the two-bladed rotor motion, as well as the additional forward and backward whirling components for rotors with more than two blades. To illustrate the use of these generic methods, a simple wind turbine model is set up with three degrees of freedom for each blade and seven degrees of freedom for the nacelle and drivetrain. First, the model parameters are tuned such that the low-order modal dynamics of a three-bladed 10 MW turbine from previous studies is recaptured. Second, one blade is removed, leading to larger and higher harmonic terms in the system matrix. These harmonic terms lead to modal couplings for the two-bladed turbine that do not exist for the three-bladed turbine. A single mode of a two-bladed turbine will also have several resonance frequencies in both the ground-fixed and rotating frames of reference, which complicates the interpretation of simulated or measured turbine responses.
James Luna and the Paradoxically Present Vanishing Indian
Authors: Hawley Elizabeth S
Published: November 2016

James Luna’s performances interrogate how representations of Native Americans have been made to fit western assumptions about the “real Indian.” Using his recognizably Native body as a marker of both presence and endangered existence, Luna links Peggy Phelan’s conception of performance as the presence of loss with the centuries-old stereotype of Native Americans as the “vanishing race”—a stereotype that continues to exert influence. In Take a Picture with a Real Indian (performed in 1992, 2001, and 2010), he invites viewers to have their photograph taken with him wearing one of three options: war dance regalia, a loincloth, or khakis and a polo shirt. Few people choose the third option. The performance foregrounds what has become a tradition of Native Americans performing/posing their native -ness as Otherness for the camera, strategically employing imagery that plays to nostalgic Western views of Native peoples as perpetually vanishing. I argue that Luna’s performances comment not only upon western preconceptions of Native Americans, but also upon the ways that Native Americans have historically reasserted their agency by manipulating such expectations, staging themselves to fit the stereotype.
David Lamelas’s The Desert People: An Odyssey for Authentic Representation
Authors: Ramirez Loretta
Published: November 2016

In The Desert People (1974) by Argentine artist David Lamelas, screened at the UCLA Hammer Museum (January-June 2016), five travelers contribute to an ethnographic documentary about the southeastern Arizonan Papago tribe. However, the travelers’ untimely doom triggers a paradox—their screened interviews could not have been filmed prior to their demise. This paradox prompts audiences to reevaluate the film’s authenticity in the representation of the Papago’s reality. The verdict may be that depiction of human relations in visual culture is inadequate. Yet, might fragmented truths that function to keep alive a dying society still be worthy alternatives to the total disappearance of a Native American culture? The Desert People explores this question.
‘They’re Very Lonely’: Understanding the Fraud Victimisation of Seniors
Authors: Cross Cassandra
Published: November 2016

There are many theories which seek to explain fraud victimisation. In particular, older victims find themselves at the intersection of various discourses which account for victimisation, primarily from a deficit model. This article examines two discourses relevant to older fraud victims. The first positions older victims of crime as weak and vulnerable and the second positions fraud victims generally as greedy and gullible. Using interviews with twenty-one Canadian volunteers who provide telephone support to older fraud victims (all seniors themselves), this article analyses the extent to which these two discourses are evident in the understandings of these volunteers. It finds that volunteers overwhelmingly perceive fraud to occur out of loneliness and isolation of the victim, and actively resist victim blaming narratives towards these individuals. While neither discourse is overly positive, the article discusses the implications of these discourses for the victims themselves and for their ability to access support.
Biblioteca y empoderamiento ciudadano
Authors: Alonso Arévalo Julio , Rojas González Xinia
Published: November 2016

Las bibliotecas del siglo XXI están adaptando sus funciones y necesidades a las nuevas demandas de la sociedad en la que vivimos. El papel de las bibliotecas está ampliándose para seguir siendo instituciones relevantes en un nuevo ecosistema en constante cambio. La sociedad de la información brinda grandes posibilidades a los individuos, pero también acrecienta las múltiples brechas entre los ciudadanos y países. La biblioteca en este contexto es una de los recursos estratégicos más importantes para mitigar estas dificultades e impulsar a las personas y comunidades a participar plenamente en las posibilidades que brindan las llamadas tecnologías de la información. De este modo las bibliotecas están diseñando planes y espacios para empoderar a sus comunidades con servicios innovadores que se han ido adaptando progresivamente a esta nueva situación. En consonancia con ello el papel del bibliotecario implica la ampliación de sus capacidades como uno de los recursos clave de la biblioteca del futuro. En el documento se analizan estos cambios y como las bibliotecas están respondiendo positivamente en favor de sus usuarios y sus comunidades.
La víctima simulada. Identidades forzadas en la violencia de género
Authors: Casado-Neira David , Martínez María
Published: November 2016

En las sociedades contemporáneas la figura de la víctima ya opera como sinónimo de ciudadanía. En el caso español, la víctima violencia de género ha venido a ocupar una posición central en esta generalización victimal en un proceso acentuado por la Ley Integral contra la violencia de género. Esta ha supuesto un alto grado de institucionalización en su tratamiento. Partiendo del análisis de entrevistas a mujeres objeto de malos tratos, principalmente, se plantea que la especificidad de la víctima de violencia de género no radica ni en el origen o la causa ni en su grado de sufrimiento, sino en la respuesta institucional a esa situación, en la forma en la que se activan los dispositivos institucionales y que configuran su identidad. Se identifican tres hitos en el itinerario que sigue una víctima institucionalizada de violencia de género: la revelación, la agencia y la vida simulada. Los diferentes dispositivos que se ponen en marcha dan lugar a un proceso de tutorización basado en un mandato moral para que deje de ser víctima. En una tensión paradójica ha de victimizarse para desvictimizarse, reconocerse como tal pero no consolidarse en esa identidad, ha de empoderarse a través de una toma de conciencia de su situación, y ajustarse a un patrón de la víctima creíble o buena víctima, aquella que se deja rescatar por los dispositivos, que se deja ser salvada de sí misma.
A Prediction and Simulation Model for Target-Oriented Regional Citrate-Calcium Anticoagulation in Extracorporeal Blood Purification
Authors: Brandl Martin , Kellner Karlheinz
Published: November 2016

Aims

Regional citrate-calcium anticoagulation is becoming more and more attractive for extracorporeal treatments in the clinical routine.

Methods

A prediction and simulation tool for the safe application of RCA during extracorporeal treatments was introduced. The model predicts the course of the ionized calcium level in the patient and the current anticoagulation status in the extracorporeal circuit based on the actual settings of the dialysis machine.

Results

The simulation tool delivers areas in which the blood and dialysate flow can be adjusted to reach the desired target values for RCA and predicts the time course of several parameters during treatment.
Assessing lexicalism through bimodal eyes
Authors: Branchini Chiara , Donati Caterina
Published: November 2016

The relation holding between words and syntax is at the core of a lively debate. Two competing proposals have been advanced: the lexicalist view, claiming that the lexicon and the syntax are distinct modules of the grammar, and what we shall refer to as the constructionist view typically represented by models like Distributed Morphology, advocating for the redundancy of a notion such as the lexicon and arguing for no divide between syntax and word formation. By facing the debate from the privileged point of view of the mixed production of bimodal bilinguals (Italian – Italian Sign Language), namely users of a sign and a vocal language simultaneously produced, we discuss the interaction of the two grammars at play with respect to their word order, morphology and phonology and draw some consequences relevant to the debate.
Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome, Radial Tunnel Syndrome, Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome, and Pronator Syndrome
Authors: Strohl Adam B. , Zelouf David S.
Published: November 2016

In addition to the more common carpal tunnel and cubital tunnel syndromes, orthopaedic surgeons must recognize and manage other potential sites of peripheral nerve compression. The distal ulnar nerve may become compressed as it travels through the wrist, which is known as ulnar tunnel or Guyon canal syndrome. The posterior interosseous nerve may become entrapped in the proximal forearm as it travels through the radial tunnel, which results in a pain syndrome without motor weakness. The median nerve may become entrapped in the proximal forearm, which can result in a variety of symptoms. Spontaneous neuropathy of the anterior interosseous nerve of the median nerve can be observed without external compression. Electrodiagnostic and imaging studies may aid surgeons in the diagnosis of these syndromes; however, a thorough physical examination is paramount to localize compressed segments of these nerves. An understanding of the anatomy of each of these nerve areas allows practitioners to appreciate a patient’s clinical findings and helps guide surgical decompression.
Formulation of Senescent Plantain Dish with Various Local Cereal and Leguminous Flours for Feeding Rats: Growth Performance Evaluation
Authors: Joseph Kouadio N. , Edwige Akoa E. , Séverin Kra K. A. , Sébastien Niamke L.
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was to valorize senescent plantain. Therefore, a traditional dish named Dockounou was prepared with a mixture of senescent plantain and various millet, soybean, sorghum, cassava, maize or rice flours. The growth performance of several Wistar rats feed by Dockounou was followed. Thus, batches of rats were fed for 15 days with three formulations (F1, F2, F3) in proportion of 90:10, 80:20 and 75:25 (senescent plantain dough/flours) obtained after two cooking modes (dry cooking: baked ; wet cooking: boiled). The effects of these formulations were compared to control diet (C. diet). Beyond the control diet, rats fed with the soybean baked Dockounou presented, the best following growth parameters: weight gain (2.82 to 4.19 g/d), food intake (8.92 to 9.72 g/d), feed efficiency (0.10 to 0.42), proteins intake (8.28 to 19.67), proteins efficiency (0.13 to 3.15). The physicochemical and nutritive characteristics of soybean baked Dockounou were as follow: ash (2.93 ±0.15 %), proteins (10.62±0.59 %), carbohydrates (15.46±1.53 %), calcium (232.04 – 558.20 mg/100g), potassium (313.97 – 385.11 mg/100g), magnesium (42.40 – 72.22 mg/100g), sodium (211.24 – 303.85 mg/100g) and phosphorus (330.70 – 433.71 mg/100g). Also, the study showed that, two formulations, 80:20 and 75:25, have really impact on rats growth. These results suggest that soybean baked Dockounou with important proportions, 80 % and 75 %, of senescent plantain dough can be effectively used in the diet of laboratory Wistar rats regarding the good zoological performances there are obtained.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 5 No. 6
Authors: Dong Bella
Published: November 2016

Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to jfr@ccsenet.org.Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 6Alex Augusto Gonçalves, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), BrazilAncuta Elena Prisacaru, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, RomaniaAnna Iwaniak, Warmia and Mazury University, PolandAsima Asi Begic-Akagic, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, BosnianBojana Filipcev, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaConstantina Nasopoulou, University of the Aegean, GreeceElke Rauscher-Gabernig, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, AustriaGisele Fátima Morais Nunes, Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais (CEFET/MG), Belo Horizonte/MG, BrazilIlkin Yucel Sengun, Ege University, TurkeyJuan José Villaverde, INIA -National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, SpainMagdalena Surma, University of Agriculture, PolandMarco Iammarino, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, ItalyPaa Akonor, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Food Research Institute, GhanaPalmiro poltronieri, National Research Council of Italy, ItalyQinlu Lin, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, ChinaSefat E. Khuda, Centre for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, United StatesSlavica Grujic, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and HerzegovinaVioleta Ivanova-Petropulos, University "Goce Delcev" - Stip, Republic of MacedoniaYusuf Byenkya Byaruhanga, Makerere University, Uganda
Morphometric Analyses of Osun Drainage Basin, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: A. S. Akinwumiju , M. O. Olorunfemi
Published: November 2016

This study evaluated some morphometric parameters with a view to assessing the infiltration potential of Osun Drainage Basin (ODB), Southwestern Nigeria. Input data were derived from SPOT DEM using ArcGIS 10.3 platform. ODB has an area extent of 2,208.18 km2, and is drained by 1,560 streams with total length of 2,487.7 km. The Relief Ratio (5.6) suggests that ODB is characterized by topographic high and topographic low. Thus, infiltration potential would be low as surface runoff would have less time to infiltrate before entering the drainage channels. The computed values of Drainage Texture (0.52), Stream Number (1,560), Total Stream Length (2,487.7 m) and Main Stream Length (119 m) indicate that larger percentage of annual rainwater would leave ODB as river discharge. Stream Frequency, Basin Perimeter, Length of Overland Flow and Drainage Density influence Infiltration Number across the basin. Infiltration Number increases with increasing Stream Frequency (r = 0.95) and Drainage Density (r = 0.78); and Length of Overland Flow increases with decreasing Drainage Density (r = -0.83), Stream Frequency (r = -0.51) and Infiltration Number (r = -0.45). The study concluded that basin’s infiltration potential is moderate as suggested by the mean Infiltration Number.
Application of PCR in the Detection of Aflatoxinogenic and Non-aflatoxinogenic Strains of Aspergillus Flavus Group of Cattle Feed Isolated in Iran
Authors: Rahimi Sepideh , Sohrabi Noshin , Ebrahimi Mohammad Ali , Tebyanian Majid , Zadeh Morteza Taghi , Rahimi Sahar
Published: November 2016

Aflatoxins are among the most important Mycotoxins that are mainly produced by various Aspergillus species, specially Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxins are carcinogenetic and immunosuppressive, so that can lead to acute liver damage, cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocarcinoma induction. Consuming the feed contaminated by Aspergillus puts humans and animals under the danger of Aflatoxins that are considered as an important threats for human and animal health. The purpose of the present study was to make distinction between Aflatoxinogenetic and non-Aflatoxinogenetic strains and Aspergillus Flavus using PCR and TLC and the expression of five Aflatoxin biosynthesis genes including aflD (nor-1), aflP( omtA), aflO (omtB), aflQ(ordA), aflR in 40 strains was investigated using PCR. In this study, a number of 40 Aspergillus flavus strains from 67 species of cattle feed from 21 industrial warehouses of various areas of Tehran and Alborz were used. After isolation and culture in exclusive environment of yeast extract of sucrose agar, the isolated Aspergillus strains were investigated by microscopic and macroscopic methods. In order to make distinction between Aflatoxinogenetic and non-Aflatoxinogenetic strains, PCR method and TLC techniques were used. The results showed that only 7 strains (1, 3, 5, 14, 22, 34, and 38) were Aflatoxin-producers fungi and the rest 33 samples were non-Afatoxin-producers fungi. Since Aspergillus flavus is the main contaminator of cattle feed, there is a need to develop a simple, rapid and sensitive method to identify Aflatoxigenetic fungi, particularly between Aflatoxinogenetic and non-Aflatoxinogenetic strains of AF.
Criminological and Legal Investigation of Independence and Despotism of the Judge in Judgment
Authors: Mahdavi Gholam-reza
Published: November 2016

The most important criteria for realization of justice are independence and impartiality of judge when he makes a decision; it means that judge must see himself in a situation that he is not afraid of anything, and he should consider merely God, law and conscience in decision-making. Judge must have many conditions to sit in this position, and the judgment is perhaps the only position that he must has all these conditions together. The most basic tool of an independent judge is his knowledge and justice, and when knowledge and justice place beside an independent character, judicial process will be complete. In the Iranian constitution it has been reflected in Articles 156, 164 and 170 which show judge's independence. But beside independence, despotism of judge in decision-making should be noted. Despite basic difference between two words of “independence” and “despotism”, there is also a tiny likeness that both of the words have same meaning of making decision without involvement of other’s comment, but the root and origin of each word is different. Also it should be emphasized that consulting have not any conflict with independence of judge, but according to the advice of Sharia in verses and traditions of Islam, consultation is necessary for intellectual enhancement and development of people, especially the judge, who determines dignity, life, property and honor of people by his decision and his independence may convert into despotism and arrogance, without consulting. Constitution and normal laws have consider some solutions in various principles and articles to prevent despotism and to protect independence of judge in Iranian law that this issue can lead to a fair judicial system in Iran.
The Dimensions of Threat and Insecurity along the Iran’s Eastern Borders with Emphasis on Drug Transit
Authors: Savarrakhsh Ahmad , Ezzati Ezzatollah
Published: November 2016

Borders are lines that separate a political unit or a country from other neighboring units or countries. The main function of the borders is determined in the interactions between surrounding countries and these mutual effects result in the governments in both sides of the border show a specific behavior towards each other.

Considering what has been pointed above, the security geography of Iran’s eastern borders is highly influenced by the two neighboring countries, Afghanistan and Pakistan, which have special problems each and impact the security of Iran’s eastern borders at national and regional levels.

The dimensions of threat and insecurity along the Iranian eastern borders are: drugs, terrorism, the Afghan immigrants, asylum-seekers and refugees, development of insecurity into Iran and religious actions. The drugs and drug transit, due to Iran’s adjacency to the golden crescent as the producer of 80 percent of opiates in the world, being between the source (Afghanistan and Pakistan) and target (Turkey and Europe) of the path and the destructive impacts of the drugs on country, in addition to the order villages and regions and the high costs that drugs have imposed on Iran, are highly and more significantly important.
Employing analytical-descriptive method and using library resources and documents, the present study aims at clarifying the way Iran’s eastern borders have been delineated, the dimensions of threat and insecurity along the aforementioned borders with emphasis on the drugs as the main case of threat and insecurity and explaining Iran’s geographical realities and capacities for drug transit from this route in the country.
A Comparative Study of Damages and Price Reduction Remedy for Breach of Sale Contract under CISG, English and Iranian Laws
Authors: Zareshahi Ali
Published: November 2016

In order to discourage people from breaching a contract and also to compensate the injured party for any losses, the law provides several remedies for breach of contract. One of these remedies is price reduction. In this study, we aims to compare the rules of Iranian law for price reduction remedy with those provided by Convention on Contracts for the International Sale Of Goods (CISG), and English law. English law has set detailed rules for rewarding damages for breach of contract , while Iranian law has generally-defined rules. The legislator has not determined not only the types of damage, but also the criteria for assessment of the damage. The remedies provided for price reduction in the CISG for breach of contract has been adapted to requirements of international trade, while In Iranian law there is no clear rules for this purpose, except three rules including a) Giving property to the buyer instead of money, (b) Compensation for loss of legitimate business involved to the buyer, and (c) Compensation for delayed payment to the buyer.
Determination of United Nations Security Council Resolutions by States
Authors: Behfar Malihe , Savari Hassan
Published: November 2016

In United Nations history, the legality of Security Council Resolutions, in many cases, is challenged. Generally these challenges take by states that affected Security Councils decisions. With notice that states are the representative for implementation of Security Council Resolutions, they intervene their determination and interpretation in the way that implement Security Council Decisions. In some cases, domestic and regional courts determine the state action in implementation Security Council Resolutions. Although this cases couldn’t provide direct review on Resolutions but affected by way of implementation. Determination by states is probable and arises some concerns about decrease effectiveness of Security Council in maintenance of international peace and security.
Study of Contra-Scripture and Tradition Condition in Marriage
Authors: Adel Sahar , Esmaeeli Attaollah
Published: November 2016

The stipulation of marriage, that is commitment and obligation, meaning that each party to the contract are entitled to ask from the other party, a specific description, act or omission, or the result of another contract, or to get committed for the benefit of the other party. About the stipulation of marriage, it can be said that it is not true that people are entitled to sign a stipulation without any criterion, and then call it "be enforceable", rather the stipulation must be signed under the terms established by law and sacred religious of Islam. The stipulations of marriage must not be against the scripture and tradition. The majority of jurists of Imamiyeh religious, according to the Hadith "Believers should fulfill their conditions, unless these conditions turn a lawful issue into an unlawful one or an unlawful issue into a lawful one " believe that the principle is the fulfillment of any stipulation, unless it is a condition which turns a lawful issue into an unlawful one or an unlawful issue into a lawful one. The contra-scripture and tradition conditions are of those unlawful stipulations, as to not damage the marriage the main pillars; they do not cause the nullity of marriage. But if they damage the main pillars of marriage, not only the stipulation has been nullified, but the marriage itself is nullified as well. This paper scrutinizes the situation of contra-scripture and tradition, and the touchstone to distinguish such conditions, as well as to investigate the extent they influence marriage.
Mistakes in Electronic Contracts in Iranian Law and UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in Electronic Contracts
Authors: Fallah Mohammad Reza , Parsa Elahe , Dustmohamamdi Batoul
Published: November 2016

One of the most important topics in electronic contracts (e-contracts) is mistake in the process of contract formation. Mistakes can easily happen in e-contracts due to the automation and speed in the internet environment. Concerning the mistakes in e-contracts, most countries follow the general rules. In Iranian law, Articles 19 and 20 on Electronic Commerce Act have briefly discussed the mistakes in e-contracts. According to Article 20 Electronic Commerce Act, if a message is sent by mistake, the addressee is not entitled to regard the data message. Since no specific article has been issued in this regard, the general rules of contracts are applicable concerning the e-contracts. The only convention that studied the e-communication in e-contracts was UN Convention. It only discussed the mistakes in data entry and considered the right to correct the mistake as the compensation method for the wrongdoer.
Transmitters of Hadith of Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei in General Reliability
Authors: Mofateh Mohammad Hadi , Sadati Seid Mahdi
Published: November 2016

Ayatollah Khoei expressed various views by other scholars besides expressing his views on general reliabilities. Concerning People of Consensus, he believes that transmission of hadith does not mean all the hadiths narrated by each of people of consensus by Imams, but the mursal hadith or the hadith narrated by the poor narrator is acceptable, expressing the majesty and position of hadith. Concerning An Al-Saghat, he believes that Ja'far ibn Bashir has narrated from the poor narrators such as Saleh bin al-Hakam and Abdullah bin Mohammed Jaefi, however how it can say that he has been being narrated from reliability. Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr as narrated by Shaykh Tusi is among three jurists who have been being narrated from reliability. Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei has mentioned name of 115 Sheikhs among which 53 members are reliable and others are unknown, nonsense or poor. He said that there is no accompaniment between accompany and reliability, as we do not know the prophet’s accompanions just due to their accompaniment with him. Seeking for mercy and forgiveness are the assignments recommended in religion, mentioned that it can seek forgiveness for the unfaithful believers. Therefore, if the people like Sheikh Mofid or Sheikh Sadough seek forgiveness for a person, this does not mean their reliability.
Environmental Risk Trade-off for New Generation Vehicle Production: Malaysia Case
Authors: Azmi Muhammad , Tokai Akihiro
Published: November 2016

New Generation Vehicle such as Hybrid Electric (HEV) and Battery Electric Vehicles (EV) have higher efficiency compared to conventional vehicles, and therefore releasing less carbon emissions. However, arguments arise whether this kind of New Generation Vehicle is truly clean compared to the existing system, especially in developing country such as Malaysia since current knowledge only focus on Greenhouse Gas (GHG) generation. This study aims on provide better understanding of the environmental consequences of the compact vehicle production activities based on 5 impact classifications which is GHG generation, Acidification, Eutrophication, Carcinogenic Effect, and Human Health measured in “Disability Adjusted Life-Year” (DALY) using Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Analysis under local electricity mix in 2017 and 2030. A trade-off comparison then can be made to assess the current vehicle technologies with high potential of mass usage in Malaysia– Conventional Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle (CV), EV, and HEV vehicles with two types of batteries; Nickel Magnesium Hydride (HEV-NiMH), and Lithium Nickel-Magnesium-Cobalt (HEV-NMC). This study found that EV have slightly higher potential to cause a global warming (5,791kg of CO2 equivalent emission), follow by HEV-NiMH (4,814kg), HEV-NMC (4,596kg) and CV (4,166kg) embodied per vehicle. Cradle-to-gate of CV is better in term of GHG emission and Carcinogenic impact compared to all the studied subjects but in overall measurement, it is not the best solution for human health, measured in DALY. Conversely, HEV have high environmental impact on the same categories. DALY for 2017 EV production is at 0.0014, CV at 0.0019, HEV-NiMH at 0.0036 and HEV-NMC at 0.0022. The situation created a trade-off between having higher Acidification and Eutrophication from CV production against having higher GHG emission of its replacement EV production. 
Calculation of Monetary Values of Environmental Impacts from Emissions and Resource Use The Case of Using the EPS 2015d Impact Assessment Method
Authors: Steen Bengt
Published: November 2016

Monetary values of environmental impacts from emissions and from use of natural resources help in understanding the environmental significance of human activities. It is however a complicated and time consuming task to determine these values, and the values are easy to uncritically accept without understanding the many ways they may be determined, the many preferences they may represent and the different contexts for which they may be relevant.

This article aims at increasing the usefulness of monetary valuation and decreasing some of its shortcomings by demonstrating a way to model and calculate monetary values of environmental impacts from emissions and use of natural resources, highlight subjective choices that have to be made in modelling and calculations, and discuss how some of them influence the values assessed.

The method we use is based on the principles of the EPS default impact assessment method, which comply with the requirements of the ISO 14044 life cycle assessment standard.

Monetary values for 98 endpoint category indicators are determined, and calculations of characterization factors are demonstrated for CO2, N2O, CH4, and NOx.
Two methodological choices have proven particularly important for the values obtained. One is the long term perspective and intergenerational equity. The other is the approach to uncertainty. Both is important for what is included in the assessments and to what extent.
Rethinking Slums: An Approach for Slums Development towards Sustainability
Authors: Elrayies Ghada Mohammad
Published: November 2016

Slums have become an unavoidable reality in many countries of the world, particularly the developing world. Although there are various slums upgrading models and approaches to address the urban poverty in developing countries, the number of slum dwellers has actually grown and the problem is expected to become worse. Other public policies have to eradicate slums and didn't take into account the resources and the potentials that slums offer. This refers to the need to change the procedures followed in the development processes. Along with the human-related problems associated with slums, slums cause serious impacts on the environment and natural resources. In this context, sustainable development is the main outlet to achieve a real boom of the developing world that consequently confirms the need to develop slums in an integrated manner. So, this paper adopts a concept of investing the positive aspects of the slums' community in conjunction with developing a thorough framework based on the three pillars of sustainability, economy, society, and environment. From this vein, the research is guided by a set of successful practices of many of developing countries through an approach grounded on the three pillars of sustainability. The objectives of this paper are; 1) shedding light on the positive human power of slum dwellers, 2) disseminating best practices on sustainable approaches, from which it can be developed and adapted to fit in the context of the urban slums of developing countries, and 3) providing a comprehensive framework for developing sustainable slums.
Cambio climático y política turística en España: diagnóstico del litoral mediterráneo español
Authors: Olcina Cantos Jorge , Vera-Rebollo J. Fernando
Published: November 2016

El litoral mediterráneo español es una de las áreas de Europa donde pueden ser más
evidentes los cambios en las condiciones climáticas durante las próximas décadas. La
subida de temperaturas y el descenso de precipitaciones son factores que obligan a tomar
medidas de adaptación que reduzcan el disconfort térmico previsto y la escasez de recursos
de agua convencional derivada de una disminución de las lluvias. La actividad turística
es un sector vulnerable ante el cambio climático y sus riesgos asociados y ha de ir adaptándose
a la nueva realidad climática prevista. Junto a los protocolos internacionales de
reducción de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, se han puesto en marcha planes
de adaptación al cambio climático, con medidas concretas para cada sector económico.
Se analizan las políticas de adaptación al cambio climático desarrolladas en España en
los últimos años, con especial detalle en las regiones del litoral mediterráneo, por la gran
importancia económica y territorial de la actividad turística en ellas y los preocupantes
efectos que se señalan en los modelos de cambio climático para las próximas décadas en
estos territorios.
Fotografía, turismo e identidad nacional en el primer franquismo (1939-1959): Rafael Calleja y la Apología Turística de España
Authors: Ramón Gabriel María , García Álvarez Jacobo
Published: November 2016

Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de una obra de gran interés para entender la política
turística del primer franquismo (1939-1959): Apología turística de España. Publicada en
1943 por la Dirección General de Turismo, fue editada y prologada por Rafael Calleja, en
aquel entonces jefe de la Sección de Propaganda y Publicaciones del citado organismo, y
contiene una selección de 439 fotografías de paisajes, monumentos y escenas y tipos humanos
de las distintas regiones históricas españolas. Como se intenta mostrar en este artículo,
esta obra compendia algunas de las claves principales del discurso turístico oficial del régimen,
así como de su concepción de la identidad nacional española.
Influencia de las características demográficas y situacionales en la satisfacción y toma de decisiones de las actividades turísticas a través del mobile marketing
Authors: Florido-Benítez Lázaro
Published: November 2016

La democratización del medio digital en las polis turísticas, ha hecho que los humanos
se transformen en personas bifuncionales (Humano-smartphone), estos dispositivos han
cambiando el paradigma en la toma de decisiones de las actividades turísticas cuando
viajamos y, por ende, condicionan al turista su nivel de satisfacción global de su entorno más
inmediato. Las factores demográficos y situacionales, son el germen de la adopción de la
toma de decisiones de actividades como: búsqueda de información, nuevas experiencias o la
compra de productos y servicios a través de los teléfonos inteligentes.
Análisis longitudinal de los sitios web de las estaciones de esquí y montaña de España, Andorra y Pirineo de Francia. Temporadas 2009-10 y 2013-14
Authors: García Lastra Óscar , Escalera Izquierdo Gregorio
Published: November 2016

En el presente estudio se realiza un análisis longitudinal, entre las temporadas 2009-10 y
2013-14, de los sitios Web de las Estaciones de Esquí y Montaña de España, Andorra y Pirineo
de Francia, adaptando el modelo eMICA (Extended Model of Internet Commerce Adoption)
planteado por los autores Burgess y Cooper (2000) y adaptado por García y Escalera (2008).
Un método de carácter exploratorio, que recoge las características y funcionalidades que el
sitio Web de una estación de esquí y montaña debe tener. Los resultados son heterogéneos, y
siguen mostrando un bajo grado de madurez funcional.
„ЗЛАТНА БАЈКА О ЉУДИМА“ – БAШТA СЉЕЗОВЕ БОЈЕ БРAНКА ЋОПИЋА И УСМЕНА КЊИЖЕВНОСТ**
Authors: Пешикан-Љуштановић Љиљана Ж.
Published: November 2016

Апстракт: Рад испитује како се жанрови, поступци и значења српскеусмене књижевности рефлектују у збирци приповедака Башта сљезове боје Бран-ка Ћопића, и то превасходно у карактеризацији ликова и песничком језику, али ина нивоу укупне структуре и дубинских значења појединих приповедака. Посебнапажња посвећује се указивању на слојевитост и разуђеност ових веза, које се кре-ћу од преузимања образаца усмене књижевности, преко њихове индивидуалне, најчешће пародијске и хуморне ресемантизације, до пуне инверзије поступка. Показу-је се, притом, да Ћопићеве везе са усменом књижевношћу нису епигонске и да се уњиховој сложености и разноврсности испољава, пре свега, стваралачка индивиду-алност писца, који успоставља естетски и значењски продуктиван дијалог с кул-туром властитог народа.
ЉУБОМИР ЗУКОВИЋ О СРПСКИМ НАРОДНИМ ПЈЕВАЧИМА ИЗ БОСНЕ
Authors: Кнежевић Саша Д.
Published: November 2016

Апстракт: Љубомир Зуковић је највећи дио свог плодотворног научногстваралаштва посветио пјевачима епских пјесама рођеним на просторима дана-шње Босне и Херцеговине. У овом раду акценат је стављен на пјеваче из Босне ко-ји су у студијама Љубомира Зуковића добили свог најзначајнијег проучаваоца.
L’espace dans la lutte contre la pauvreté au Québec: quel rôle dans les politiques régionales et dans les pratiques territoriales?
Authors: Molinari Paolo
Published: November 2016

Le but principal de cet article est de mettre en évidence le rôle joué par l’espace dans les politiques régionales et dans les pratiques territoriales de lutte contre la pauvreté mises en place au Québec à différents échelons, du niveau provincial au niveau local. D’abord, on proposera une analyse de contexte rapide du phénomène de la pauvreté laquelle, avec la crise économique, est revenue rapidement à la surface et frappe même les sociétés des pays les plus développés, tels que le Canada. Ensuite, on essayera de saisir l’importance attribuée à l’espace dans le domaine de la lutte contre la pauvreté dans la “Belle Province”. L’approche géographique est au coeur de cette réflexion pour les formes spatiales engendrées et pour les découpages territoriaux impliqués. Cette démarche nous permettra d’avancer des réflexions préliminaires sur la capacité sociale, économique et politique du Québec de faire face aux inégalités et à l’exclusion dans son territoire, ainsi que de vérifier s’il existe une voie locale originelle dans la poursuite de l’inclusion active.
Enhanced chromium adsorption capacity via plasma modification of natural zeolites
Authors: Cagomoc Charisse Marie D. , Vasquez Magdaleno R.
Published: November 2016

Natural zeolites such as mordenite are excellent adsorbents for heavy metals. To enhance the adsorption capacity of zeolite, sodium-exchanged samples were irradiated with 13.56 MHz capacitively coupled radio frequency (RF) argon gas discharge. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] was used as the test heavy metal. Pristine and plasma-treated zeolite samples were soaked in 50 mg/L Cr solution and the amount of adsorbed Cr(VI) on the zeolites was calculated at predetermined time intervals. Compared with untreated zeolite samples, initial Cr(VI) uptake was 70% higher for plasma-treated zeolite granules (50 W 30 min) after 1 h of soaking. After 24 h, all plasma-treated zeolites showed increased Cr(VI) uptake. For a 2- to 4-month period, Cr(VI) uptake increased about 130% compared with untreated zeolite granules. X-ray diffraction analyses between untreated and treated zeolite samples revealed no major difference in terms of its crystal structure. However, for plasma-treated samples, an increase in the number of surface defects was observed from scanning electron microscopy images. This increase in the number of surface defects induced by plasma exposure played a crucial role in increasing the number of active sorption sites on the zeolite surface.
Prevalence of birth defects in Risaralda, 2010-2013
Authors: Porras-Hurtado Gloria Liliana , León-Castañeda Olga Mercedes , Molano-Hurtado Jaime , Quiceno Sandra Lorena , Pachajoa Harry , Montoya Juan José
Published: November 2016

como Colombia son escasos.Objetivo. Describir la prevalencia de anomalías congénitas en el departamento de Risaralda, Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se incluyeron los neonatos con defectos estructurales y funcionales entre junio de 2010 y diciembre de 2013, cuyos casos fueron notificados al Instituto Nacional de Salud por ser de interés en salud pública. Se compararon con los nacidos en el mismo periodo en una clínica de la región inscrita en el Estudio Colaborativo de Malformaciones Congénitas. Los datos se analizaron con el programa Stata 10®.Resultados. La prevalencia entre los nacidos vivos en el periodo de estudio fue de nueve casos por cada 1.000 recién nacidos en el departamento. En la clínica inscrita en el Estudio Colaborativo de Malformaciones Congénitas, se encontró una prevalencia de 34 casos por cada 1.000 nacimientos; el primer lugar lo ocuparon las cardiopatías, seguidas por el labio y paladar hendido, los defectos de la pared abdominal (no especificados), la displasia esquelética, la hidrocefalia, la polidactilia y el síndrome de Down.Conclusión. El establecimiento de una línea de base sobre la prevalencia de los defectos congénitos en Risaralda es de gran utilidad para la adopción de políticas preventivas que lleven a la disminución de la incidencia y de la gravedad de las discapacidades; la inclusión de los hospitales materno-infantiles en la red del Estudio Colaborativo de Malformaciones Congénitas mejora el registro nacional y la notificación de los defectos congénitos.
Mortality by homicides in Colombia, 1998-2012
Authors: Chaparro-Narváez Pablo , Cotes-Cantillo Karol , León-Quevedo Willian , Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos
Published: November 2016

Introducción. Se hizo homicidio es un indicador universal de violencia social con grandes consecuencias en salud pública.Objetivo. Describir la mortalidad por homicidios, y analizar su tendencia y su distribución geográfica en Colombia entre 1998 y 2012.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo basado en la información de las bases de datos sobre mortalidad y las proyecciones de población del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, DANE. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad específica y ajustada por edad y sexo. Se analizó la distribución geográfica del promedio de tasas ajustadas a nivel municipal.Resultados. En Colombia se registraron 331.470 homicidios entre 1998 y 2012. La tasa cruda promedio fue de 51,5 por 100.000 habitantes: 95,9 en hombres y 8,2 en mujeres. A partir del 2003 se observó una disminución en el número de muertes y tasas de mortalidad. El 91,9 % de las víctimas fueron hombres. Las tasas de mortalidad más altas se observaron en el grupo de 20 a 29 años. El mecanismo más frecuentemente involucrado fue el arma de fuego: en ocho de cada diez homicidios en hombres y en siete de cada diez en mujeres. De los 1.122 municipios, 186 estaban en el quintil más alto y acumularon el 50,1 % de las defunciones.Conclusión. En Colombia los homicidios han sido una de las principales causas de muerte, con una distribución geográfica heterogénea y una tendencia hacia la reducción después de 2002. El análisis y la comprensión de este problema de salud pública exigen el uso de metodologías analíticas multidisciplinarias.