bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN: III. Estimation of Left and Right Ventricular Size: a Compurison between Echocardiography and Angiocardiography
Authors: LUNDSTRöM NILS‐RUNE , MORTENSSON WIGHER
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Lundström, N.‐R. and Mortensson, W. (Departments of Pediatrics and Radiology, University of Lund, Sweden). Clinical applications of echocardiography in infants and children. III. Estimation of left and right ventricular size: a comparison between echocardiography and angiocardiography. Acta Paediat Scand, 63:257, 1974.–Intracardiac distances can be measured by echocardiography, which is a non‐invasive technique. The aim of the present study was to investigate if the size of the left and right ventricle could be estimated by echocardiography. This was accomplished by a comparison with angiocardiography. The left ventricular internal dimension measured by echocardiography was compared with the long axis of the left ventricle measured on an angiocardiogram in 60 patients. A comparison between a right ventricular dimension measured by echocardiography and the size of the right ventricle evaluated from an angiocardiogram was made in 84 patients. A fairly good positive correlation was found between the left ventricular internal dimension measured by echocardiography and the long axis of the left ventricle measured on the angiocardiogram (r=0.93). As regards right ventricular size, it was found that echocardiography could separate a right ventricle of normal size from a clearly enlarged right ventricle. The conclusion of this investigation is that the echocardiographic examination can serve as a useful, non‐invasive, semiquantitative method for the evaluation of left and right ventricular sizes in infants and children.
PLATELET FUNCTIONS IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Authors: GOLDSCHMIDT B.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Goldschmidt, B. (Second Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis Medical University, Budapest, Hungary). Platelet functions in children with congenital heart disease. Acta Paediat Scand, 63 271, 1974.–Examinations of platelet functions (bleeding time, capillary resistance, clot retraction, thrombocyte adhesiveness in vitro and in vivo, spontaneous platelet aggregation, ADP and collagen induced platelet aggregation) were performed in children with CHD. In the cases with acyanotic heart disease (30 cases) the platelet functions were normal. The majority of cases with cyanotic CHD (35 cases) are thrombocytopenic. In these cases protracted bleeding time, increased capillary fragility and reduced clot retraction may be 'observed. The pathologic symptoms are connected with the low number of platelets. In patients with cyanotic CHD the platelet adhesiveness shows in vitro and in vivo a statistically significant increase. In one third of cases, platelet aggregation is also increased in cyanotic patients. Following the administration of ADP and collagen the aggregation shows a normal course.
KINKY HAIR SYNDROME
Authors: MARGRETHK ANNE , MØLLEKÆR
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Møllekær, A. M. (Department of Paediatrics and the Department of Neuropathology, århus University School of Medicine, århus, Denmark). Kinky Hair Syndrome. Acta Paediat Scand, 63289, 1974.–Two brothers with Kinky Hair Syndrome are described. Both of them had hypothermia. In the younger boy low levels of serum copper and ceruloplasrnin were demonstrated. At autopsy the most surprising finding was a demyelinating process in the brain. The fact that the younger boy showed signs of Kinky Hair syndrome at birth makes it difficult to accept an 'intestinal malabsorption of copper as the only underlying defect in the disease.
NEONATAL AORTIC THROMBOSIS: A Possible Clinical Manifestation of Cangenital Antithrombin III Deficiency
Authors: BJARKE BJöRN , HERIN PETER , BLOMBåCK MARGARETA
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Bjarke, B., Herin, P. and Blombäck, M. (Department of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, S:t Göran's Children's Hospital and Department of Blood Coagulation, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden). Neonatal aortic thrombosis. Acta Paediat Scand 63:297, 1974.–Two cases of neonatal aortic thrombosis are presented. Possible etiologies, as quoted in the literature, are discussed and the fact that the etiology seems to be unknown in at least half of the cases is stressed. The mothers of the two neonates presented had an antithrombin III (AT III) deficiency, which is associated with an increased tendency to thrombosis. One of the mothers had manifested such a tendency. The AT III deficiency as an ethiological factor for the thrombus formation in the two babies is discussed.
RENAL INVOLVEMENT IN SCHÖNLEIN‐HENOCH PURPURA
Authors: KOSKIMIES O. , RAPOLA J. , SAVILAHTI E. , VILSKA J.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Koskimies, O., Rapola, J., Savilahti, E. and Vilska, J. (The Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland). Renal involvement in Schonlein‐Henoch purpura. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 357, 1974.–During the period 1964–71 Schönlein‐Henoch syndrome was found in 91 children. Fifty‐four showed no signs of renal disease and recovered rapidly. Eighteen patients with haematuria or proteinuria lasting less than 4 weeks also made full recovery. Nineteen patients had persisting urinary abnormalities and were followed‐up clinically and with biopsies. Immunotluorescent and electron microscopic studies were performed in 6 patients.

Histopathological changes correlated well with the severity of the disease. Generalized proliferative glomerulonephritis, sometimes with glomerular fibro‐epithelial crescents, signified severe disease with protracted course. Most of these cases had heavy proteinuria and often nephrotic syndrome. The outcome after a follow‐up of 2 years was good, however. Twelve patients recovered completely and 6 were clinically symtomless but showed minor urinary abnormalities. Only one died and she had showed fulminant clinical and histopathological glomerulonephritis from the beginning of the disease.

Immunotluorescent studies showed positive reactions in the mesahgium and glomerular capillaries in 4 patients. In the electron microscopy dense deposits were found at the corresponding sites. In two late biopsies immunotluorescence was negative despite definitive histological changes suggesting disappearance of the immunopathogenetic effectors of the nephritis.
A LIVEBORN TRIPLOID INFANT
Authors: HENRIKSSON P. , HÅKANSSON L. , SANDAHL B.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Henriksson, P., Håkansson, L. and Sandahl, B. (Department of Paediatrics, Allmänna sjukhuset, Malmö, University of Lund, and the Institute of Embryology, University of Lund, Sweden). A liveborn triploid infant. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 446, 1974.–A live‐born triploid infant, a boy, born after 34 weeks' gestation, is described and a short review of earlier cases is given. The phenotype agreed with that connected with triploid infants, low birth weight, low viability, adrenal hypoplasia and syndactyly of third and fourth digits. Cytogenetic studies made on cultivated leucocytes also including ahtoradiographic analyses showed triploid number of morphologically normal chromosomes. The chromosome constitution was 69/XXY. No signs of mosaicism were found.
POST‐NATAL INFARCTION OF THE RIGHT LOBE OF THE LIVER
Authors: HARTVEIT F. , MÆHLE B. , BöRSTINC S.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Hartveit, F., Mæhle, B. and Börsting, S. (The Gade Institute, Department of Pathology and The Department of Paediatrics, University of Bergen, Norway). Postnatal infarction of the right lobe of the liver. Acta Paediatr Scand 63: 453, 1974.–A case of hypoplasia of the hepatic artery with infarction of the right lobe of the liver is reported. The part played by the arterial as well as the venous blood supply to the liver cells in the immediate post‐natal period is discussed. It is stressed that infarcts of the Liver may occur in the presence of arterial insufficiency whether venous occlusion is present or not.
ENURESIS: An Attempt at Classification by Genesis
Authors: ANDERSEN OLE ORTVED , PETERSEN KNUD E.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Andersen, O. Ortved and Petersen, K. E. (Children's Hospital Fuglebakken, Copenhagen, Denmark). Enuresis. An attempt at classification hy genesis. Acta Paediatr Scand. 63: 512, 1974.—A series of 133 enuretic children aged 4–15 years is reported. Age variation. sex ratio. and distrihution of anamnestic data substantiate that the sign enuresis comprises an extremely heterogeneous group. The disease is therefore probably due to several causes. In an effort to elucidate in greater detail the causal relationship, int. al. with a view to its therapeutic significance. the material was divided into 4 groups: (A) Children with primary enuresis without behavioural disturbances. (R) Children with primary enuresis and behavioural disturbances. (C) Children with secondary enuresis without hehavioural disturbances. (D) Children with secondary enuresis and behavioural disturbances. It is demonstrated that boys, especially young boys, aged 4–6 years, usually belong to group A, whereas girls. in particular thnse aged 7–10 years, predominate in groups B+C+D. In girls the enuresis was more often of a diurnal nature, either in the form of isnlated diurnal or combined diurnal and nocturnal enuresis, especially in girls of groups B+C+D. Symptoms of urinary tract infection were also more common in girls than in boys, and predominantly among the girls nf groups B+C+D. Encopresis was twice as common in boys as in girls, also mainly in groups B+C+D. Data concerning a familial predisposition and heavy sleep could not contrihute to a further pathogenetic elucidation.
ARGININOSUCCINIC ACIDURIA: Report of Three Cases und the Effect of High and Reduced Protein Intake on the Clinical State
Authors: HAMBREUS L. , HARDELL L. I. , WESTPHAL O. , LORENTSSON ROSA , HJORTH GUNILLA
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Hambræus, L., Hardell, L. I., Westphal, O., Lorentsson, Rosa, and Hjorth, Gunilla (Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Chemistry, and Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, University of Uppsala, Sweden). Argininosuccinic aciduria. Report of three cases and the effect of high and reduced protein intake on the clinical state. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 525, 1974.—Three girls with argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA) and hyperammonemia are reported. Two of them are siblings. They showed the typical clinical findings of ASA, i.e. developmental retardation, cerebellar ataxia and short brittle hair as well as episodes of changed behaviour or unconsciousness. The dietary history revealed that they all spontaneously had chosen a low‐protein diet, thus lowering the risks of hyperammonemia. The effect of different protein intake was studied by means of short time metabolic balance studies. High protein intake provoked clinical signs of encephalopathy, objectively registered EEG changes, most probably due to subsequent hyperammonemia. During 16–17 months follow‐up on a reduced protein intake—the easiest way to minimize the risks of hyperammonemia—no acute attacks of ammonia intoxication were observed but unfortunately the patients did not gain sufficiently in length.
CHLORHEXIDINE TREATMENT OF ORAL CANDIDIASIS IN SERIOUSLY DISEASED CHILDREN
Authors: LANGSLET. A. , OLSEN. I. , LIE S. O. , LØKKEN P.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Langslet, A., Olsen, I., Lie, S. O. and Lekken, P. (Department of Paediatrics, Rikshospitalet, and the Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway). Chlorhexidine treatment of oral candidiasis in seriously diseased children. Acta Paediatr Scand,63: 809, 1974.—Chlorhexidine, a broad‐spectrum antibacterial substance with antifungal activity, was tested in 8 children with acute oral pseudomembranous candidiasis (thrush) and in one child with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Five of the patients suffered from acute leukemia. The drug was administered in a 0.2% solution, either as mouth rinses of painted on the lesions, for 6–17 days for those having the acute form and for 90 days in the case with chronic candidiasis. All patients with thrush were clinically cured, and in the 6 cases where mycological examination of oral swabs was undertaken before and after therapy, the cultures became negative. Like a number of antimycotics, chlorhexidine failed to cure the oral lesions in the patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. No adverse reactions attributable to the drug were observed. The results obtained in this limited number of patients are promising, and in oral fungal infections chlorhexidine deserves further attention as an alternative to drugs like gentian violet, nystatin or amphoterian B. It is suggested that prophylactic use of chlorhexidine may be justified to obtain and maintain the best possible oral health in seriously diseased patients.
CLINICAL ASPECTS OF NEONATAL HYPOGLYCAEMIA
Authors: FLUGE GJERMUND
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Fluge, G. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway). Clinical aspects of neonatal hypoglycaemia. Acta Paediatr Scand,63: 826, 194.—Fifty cases of neonatal hypoglycaemia were detected by routine blood glucose determination in 323 low birth weight infants during a three‐year period (15.4%) and, in addition, hypoglycaemia was diagnosed in 17 full‐term infants. The patients were divided in three groups according to clinical findings, with special reference to age at diagnosis, pretreatment blood glucose values and duration of hypoglycaemia. In asymptomatic hypoglycaemia the diagnosis was made during the first few hours after birth, and the mean pretreatment blood glucose value was 14 mg/100 ml. Except for one patient, the hypoglycaemia was of short duration. Symptomatic, transient hypoglycaemia was characterized by a delay in onset of symptoms until the second and third day after birth, low pretreatment blood glucose level and hypoglycaemia of long duration. Hypoglycaemia associated with other neonatal disorders classified as secondary hypoglycaemia usually was noted during the first few hours of life, and tended to he of short duration. Frequency of hypoglycaemia in small for gestational age infants was markedly higher when toxaemia of pregnancy was noted, compared with infants born to non‐toxaemic mothers.
MALIGNANT LYMPHOMAS IN CHILDREN A CLINICO‐PATHOLOGIC RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: GARWICZ S. , LANDBERG T. , ÅKERMAN M.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Garwicr, S., Landherg, T. and Åkerman, M. (Departments of Paediatrics, Radiotherapy, Cytodiagnostics and Pathology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden). Malignant lymphomas in children—A clinico‐pathologic retrospective study. I. Hodgkin's Disease. Acta Paediatr Scand,63:673, 1974—Data on 23 children with Hodgkin's disease from a 29‐year period are given. Sixteen were boys and 7 girls. At microscopic review of the biopsy material the lesions were typed according to Lukes. Three had Lymphocyte predominance, 7 had Nodular sclerosing type, and 13 had Mixed cellularity. Viewed with the limited staging procedures that often had been used, 17 patients had at presentation localized disease (stages 1 or II), 4 had generalized lymph‐adenopathy, and 2 had extralymphatic disease. Treatment had been given with radiation therapy or chemotherapy or the two combined. Data on local recurrence after radiotherapy is in line with other reports, indicating that Hodgkin's disease in children responds in the same way to irradiation as in adults. Fifteen of the 23 are still alive mean 69 months after the initial treatment, 6 of them having been followed for at least 8 years. Of 13 patients evaluable for 5‐year survival 6 were alive at 5 years. Children with Hodgkin's disease appear to have similar distribution on histologic types, progression of disease and response to treatment as adults. It seems that similar clinical evaluation procedures and similar therapeutic techniques should he used in Hodgkin's disease in children as in adults.
NEONATAL HYPOGLYCAEMIA AND MATERNAL TOXAEMIA
Authors: KOlVlSTO M. , JOUPPILA P.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Koivisto, M., Jouppila, P. (Departments of Paediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland). Neonatal hypoglycaemia and maternal toxaemia. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63:743, 1974.–The incidence of hypoglycaemia was determined in 131 newborn infants of toxaemic mothers. The blood glucose level was determined three times daily during the first 3 days of Life.

Blood glucose levels ≥20 mg/100 ml occurred in 2496, and levels <30 mg/100 in 6596 of the whole series. The incidence of hypoglycaemia was highest, 6196 ≥20 mg/100 ml, among the infants horn to toxaemic mothers with low urinary oestriol; the. corresponding incidence for mothers with normal oestriol was 1996. The incidence was 3596 when the maternal toxaemia was severe, and 1696 when it was mild. SFD infants had an incidence of 3796, compared with 1996 for infants of normal birthweight. The relative weight of the placenta did not correlate with the occurrence of hypoglycaemia. Symptomatic hypaglycaemia was noted in 19 infants.

The reduced energy reserves in newborn infants of toxaemic mothers with severe pre‐eclampsia and/or a low urinary oestriol level and in infants with intrauterine growth retardation, together with increased utilization of carbohydrates result in a high incidence of neonatal hypoglycaemia. An added stress, such as birth hypoxia and late initiation of feeding, increase the likelihood of hypoglycaemia.
URINARY EXCRETION OF ERYTHROPOIETIN AND ERYTHROPOIESIS INHIBITORS IN THE NEONATAL PERIOD
Authors: LINDEMANN ROLF
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Lindemann, R. (Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway). Urinary excretion of erythropoietin and erythropoiesis inhibitors in the neonatal period. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63:764, 1974. —The regulation and suppression of erythropoiesis in the neonatal period has been studied. Urines from normal newborn babies were collected from time of delivery and during the first week of life. Both erythropoietin (ESF) and an erythropoiesis inhibiting factor (EIF) were separated by Sephadex gel filtration. The factors were tested according to days after birth and related to the creatinine coefficient. The exhypoxic polycythemic mouse bioassay was used and the results were expressed as the per cent incorporation of 59Fe into newly formed red blood cells. A demonstrable amount of ESF was found only in the urine voided the first day of life, indicating that the ESF production is shut off immediately after birth. From the third day of Life, a marked inhibitory effect of the EIF fractions was found. This may indicate a dual mechanism behind the decrease in neonatal erythropoiesis: a shut off of the ESF production and the appearence of erythropoiesis inhibitors.
“INJURY PATTERN” FOLLOWING PAROXYSMAL SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA IN A CHILD
Authors: GHOSH A. , McCANDLESS A. E.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Ghosh, A. and McCandless, A. E. (Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liver pool, England). “Injury Pattern” following paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in a child. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63:783, 1974.—Electrocardiograms recorded after the control of a prolonged attack of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia lasting for five days in a child showed T wave inversion, notching and prolonged duration of P wave and an “injury pattern”. These electrocardiographic changes described mostly in adults are uncommon in children. Antibody titre of mumps rose from 1/40 after admission to 1/320 thirteen days later suggesting recent mumps infection. Mumps mywarditis may have caused paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in this child.
CYSTINE DEFICIENCY DURING DIETOTHERAPY OF HOMOCYSTINEMIA
Authors: SANSARICQ CLAUDE , GARG SANTOSH , PATRICIA M. , SADASHIV NORTON , PHANSALKAR V. , SNYDERMAN SELMA E.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Sansaricq, C, Garg, S., Norton, P. M., Phansalkar, S. V. and Snyderman, S. E. (Department of Pediatrics, New York University Medical Center, New York, USA) Cystine deficiency during dietotherapy of homocystinemia. Acta Paediatr Scand 64:215, 1975.–Cystine deficiency was inadvertently produced in a boy receiving specific dietary therapy for homocystinuria. This was manifested as a loss in weight, the reappearance of significant amounts of homocystine in the plasma and urine, and the elevation of the plasma methionine level. In addition, there was a significant reduction in the level of cystine in the plasma. This reduction in plasma cystine level differentiates cystine deficiency from loss of biochemical control due to failure to keep the prescribed diet. The addition of cystine to the regime of this child, without any other dietary modification, resulted in a complete remission.
HEALTH AND BEHAVIOUR IN FOUR‐YEAR‐OLD CHILDREN
Authors: KöHLER EVA‐MARI , KöHLER LENNART
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Köhler, E.‐M. and Köhler, L. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden). Health and behaviour in four‐year‐old children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:225, 1975.–A health control of an unselected population of 2447 4‐year‐oId‐children included a thorough somatic examination as well as an analysis of child upbringing practice and problems. The relation between the children's physical health, as defined by presence or absence or “functionally important health problems” and the children's behaviour, as reported by their mothers, was elucidated. On the whole, children with health problems were not perceived as more troublesome, although children with some special kinds of disturbances, e.g. neurological and dental, constituted problems in certain areas, e.g. toilet training and hyperactivity. The use of blame as a method of upbringing was very frequent and especially frequent in children with dental defects and visual disturbances. The perception of behaviour problems and the use of methods in upbringing were the same in children with newly detected health problems as in children with previously known health problems. The implications for the Child Health Service are to identify these risk‐groups, to advice and support them in order to reduce parent‐child conflicts.
GROWING PAINS AND RESTLESS LEGS
Authors: EKBOM KARL‐AXEL
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Ekbom, K. A. (Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Growing pains and restless legs. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:264, 1975.–Growing pains is a common and distressing symptom in children, but has aroused little interest. There is a similarity between growing pains and the painful form of restless legs, but it is not known if these two conditions are identical. I have recently observed a family in which the mother has growing pains since her childhood. The pain persists in adult age, which is unusual. She also has typical restless legs. Her three sons have severe growing pains. The study of this family has convinced me that growing pains and restless legs are different conditions.
CHEMICALLY DEFINED DIET IN THE TREATMENT OF KWASHIORKOR
Authors: HABTE DEMISSIE , PERSSON BENGT , STERKY GÖRAN
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Habte, D., Persson, B. and Sterky, G. (Department of Paediatrics, Haile Selassie I University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and S:t Göran's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.) Chemically defined diet in the treatment of kwashiorkor. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:267, 1975.– Kwashiorkor is associated with malabsorption of energy and nutrients. Standard diets often initiate diarrhea and a high mortality is still prevalent. A synthetic monomolecular formula has been evaluated and compared with a standard diet in the early rehabilitation phase of 21 children with kwashiorkor. The formula was well accepted by the children and initiated a satisfactory clinical response. The formula group had significantly less vomiting and reached minimum weight faster than thegroup on standard diet. Weight gain and diarrhea were similar. The rise of albumin and BUN was faster on standard diet. A significant increase in haemoglobin was seen only in the formula group. A rise in body temperature after a meal was evident in most patients and significantly more pronounced in the formula group. The lower total nitrogen content of the formula may explain the observed slower rise in albumin and BUN but the ready utilization was indicated by the favourable weight changes as well as the rise in rectal temperature. As high energy per volume was desirable the formula was not diluted to isoosmolality. However, the high glucose concentration in the experimental diet probably caused some negative effects.
ENDOCRINOLOGICAL ASPECTS AT FOLLOW‐UP STUDIES IN NEONATAL HYPOGLYCAEMIA
Authors: FLUGE G. , STØA K. F. , AARSKOG D.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Fluge, G., Støa, K. F. and Aarskog, D. (Department of Paediatrics and Hormone Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway). Endocrinological aspects at follow‐up studies in neonatal hypoglycaemia. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 280, 1975.–Thirty‐seven cases of neonatal hypoglycaemia were studied at follow‐up at the age of 2 6/12 ‐ 4 9/12 years. Two of them had had hypoglycaemia after the newborn period, and another patient died in a hypoglycaemic state following surgery at 10 weeks of age. Twenty‐three children had oral glucose tolerance tests and intravenous insulin tolerance tests performed. Diabetic glucose tolerance was noted in 3 children. None of them showed symptoms of diabetes mellitus, neither was there any family history of diabetes. One of these patients had experienced hypoglycaemia after the newborn period and responded with hyperinsulinism during the glucose tolerance test. The other hypoglycaemic patient showed an exaggerated insulin release in response to tolbutamide. Deficient serum Cortisol response to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia was demonstrated in 7 patients and 6 of these had concomitant minimal growth hormone response. One of these patients also had a diabetic glucose tolerance. None were of short stature. It is probable that a disturbance in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis may contribute to an impaired carbohydrate metabolism in some patients with neonatal hypoglycaemia.
THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS THERAPEUTIC TRIALS ON THE PORPHYRIN EXCRETION IN A CASE OF CONGENITAL ERYTHROPOIETIC PORPHYRIA
Authors: ERIKSEN LEIF , SEIP MARTIN
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Eriksen, L. and Seip, M. (Institute of Physiology, University of Oslo, and Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Oslo, Norway). The effect of various therapeutic trials on the porphyrin excretion in a case of congenital erythropoietic porphyria. Acta Paediatr Scand 64:287, 1975.–A patient with a biochemically “new” type of congenital erythropoietic porphyria has been studied under various therapeutic trials. Splenectomy had no demonstrable effect on porphyrin excretion or clinical picture. Vitamin E caused a moderate fall in porphyrin excretion, however, there was no significant improvement in light tolerance and tendency to hemolysis. β‐carotene reduced skin photosensitivity appreciably, while total porphyrin excretion remained unchanged and the tendency to develop hemolytic anemia showed only slight improvement. Red cell transfusion caused a rapid, dramatic fall in porphyrin excretion (in 4–5 days) and a transient increase in light tolerance, while the distribution of the different porphyrins excreted remained unchanged. These observations indicate that all or nearly all the abnormal porphyrins excreted are of erythropoietic origin, and that the overwhelming part of the porphyrins originate from an abnormal population of shortlived red cells. Findings on fluorescence microscopy of blood and bone marrow support this view. Meticulous protection against light of the shorter wavelengths caused a similar rise in hemoglobin level as produced by red cell transfusion, however, in this instance the total excretion of porphyrins did not fall. It is suggested that the inhibitory effect of transfusion on erythropoiesis (and thereby porphyrin excretion) might be due partly to a depression of erythropoietin formation, partly to the presence of an erythropoiesis inhibiting factor (chalone) in the transfused red cells.
RENAL BIOPSY STUDIES IN 150 CHILDREN WITH NON‐SPECIFIC GLOMERULOPATHY
Authors: ACKER K. J. VAN , BRANDE J. VANDEN , HOLVOET H.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Van Acker, K. J., Vanden Brande, J. and Holvoet, H. (Departments of Paediatrics and Pathology, State University, Gent, Belgium). Renal biopsy studies in 150 children with non‐specific glomerulopathy. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63:345, 1974.–The experience with light microscopic examination of kidney biopsies in 150 children with nonspecific glomerulopathy is reported. Most major types of glomerular lesions, as they are at present known, were observed but in a very uneven distribution. Four groups of clinical symptoms were observed in the primary as well as in the associated non‐specific glomerulopathies: hematuria, proteinuria, acute nephritic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome. Although in a number of instances, the histologic lesio.i was suggested by the clinical picture, a correlation was lacking in most instances. More information was obtained from the histology when the evolution was considered, particularly in the primary nephrotic syndrome and the Schonlein‐Henoch nephropathy.
MANIFEST INTESTINAL INVOLVEMENT DURING BONE‐MARROW REMISSION IN A CASE OF ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA
Authors: ARONSON A. S. , GARWICZ S. , LANDBERG T. , NELSON O. , BRUN A.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Aronson, A. S., Garwicz, S., Landbcrg, T., Nelson, O. and Brun, A. (Departments of Paediatrics, Radiotherapy, Paediatric Surgery, Pathology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden). Manifest intestinal involvement during bone‐marrow remission in a case of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:369, 1975.–Massive leukaemic involvement of the intestine appeared in a 9‐year‐old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The unusual feature in this case was that the gut involvement occurred during complete haematolog‐ical remission. Surgical and subsequent radiological treatment completely eradicated the engagement and at autopsy 9 months later there were no signs of the intestinal involvement.
PHOSPHORUS DEPLETION IN CHILDREN ON LONG‐TERM TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION1
Authors: RICOUR C. , MILLOT M. , BALSAN S.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Ricour, C, Millot, M. and Balsan, S. (Laboratoire des tissus calcifies and Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies du Métabolisme chez l'Enfant, Hopital des Enfants Malades, Paris, France). Phosphorus depletion in children on long‐term total parenteral nutrition. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:385, 1975.–The retention of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus was studied in nine infants on total parenteral nutrition. The amounts of calcium, nitrogen and phosphorus were varied singly or simultaneously. The results demonstrate close interrelationships in the retention of these three elements. Not only the absolute amount of phosphorus perfused daily but also the amounts of nitrogen and/or calcium perfused simultaneously account for the phosphorus depletion that may lead to severe hypophosphatemia. The decrease in serum phosphorus concentration with a simultaneous fall of urinary phosphorus excretion to undetectable levels and a rise in urinary calcium output to 10 mg/kg/24 hours or more are warning symptoms of phosphorus depletion. Such a complication was observed in our first seven children on total parenteral nutrition. Phosphorus depletion can be prevented by using the following amounts of these elements in the perfusate: per 100 Kcal/kg/24 hours, 400 mg/kg/24 hours of nitrogen, 35 mg/kg/24 hours of calcium and 40 mg/kg/24 hours of phosphorus. With such a technique no phosphorus depletion was observed in any of the 63 subsequent patients whom we treated with total parenteral nutrition for periods varying from 20 days to 9 months.
INFANTILE SUB‐LOBAR EMPHYSEMA AND TRACHEAL BRONCHUS
Authors: IANCU T. , BOYANOVER Y. , EILAM N. , ELIAN E. , LERNER M. A.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Iancu, T., Boyanover, Y., Eilam, N., Elian, E. and Lerner, M. A. (Departments of Paediatrics and Radiodiagnosis, Sharon Hospital, Petach‐Tikvah, and Tel Aviv University Medical School, Israel). Infantile sub‐lobar emphysema and tracheal bronchus. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:551, 1975.–Localised disturbance of aeration in children is as often the result of mucosal swelling due to infection as resulting from an inhaled foreign body. The present report adds another cause: tracheal bronchus. Elucidation of the cause of localised disturbance of aeration usually includes bronchoscopy, the anesthesia and direct trauma involved being highly undesirable if infection is the cause. The case for limited, careful bronchography, before or instead of bronchoscopy, when the history of foreign body is lacking, is presented.
THE SEX VARIABLE IN CHILDHOOD URINARY‐TRACT INFECTION
Authors: BAHNA SAMI L. , TORP K. H.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Bahna, S. L. and Torp, K. H. (Department of Paediatrics, County Hospital of Troms, Tromsö, Norway). The sex variable in childhood urinary‐tract infection. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:581, 1975.–Sex differences in childhood urinary‐tract infection have been looked for by reviewing the medical records of all patients who were admitted to one medical centre during a certain time period. There were 240 patients; 26 males and 214 females, all under 14 years of age. The disease in boys–as compared with that in girls–was found to be characterized by an earlier onset, a shorter delay in diagnosis, and a shorter duration; but a higher frequency of malformations, a greater number of ^hospitalizations, and a greater need for surgical intervention. Proteus infection was found more frequently in boys, while Enterococcus and Staphylococcus were more frequent in girls. The initial symptomatology did not show any significant sex difference except in late childhood where the non‐specific symptoms were more common in females. No sex difference was noted with respect to the frequency of vesicoureteric reflux or of bacteriuria without pyuria. It seems that the sex variable in this disease is worth considering in dealing with individual patients as well as in presenting data on a series of patients.
NEUROLOGICAL FINDINGS AT FOLLOW‐UP IN NEONATAL HYPOGLYCAEMIA
Authors: FLUGE GJERMUND
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Fluge, G. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway). Neurological findings at follow‐up in neonatal hypoglycaemia. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:629, 1975.–Follow‐up examination was carried out in 37 children who had been hypoglycaemic during the neonatal period. Mean age was 3 1/2 years. Five out of 7 children with asymptomatic hypoglycaemia neonatally were completely normal, while minimal brain dysfunction was evident in one, and another child showed pathological EEC Symptomatic, transient hypoglycaemia seemed to carry a poor prognosis as only one out of 9 individuals was normal. Four patients in this group had convulsions after the neonatal period; two of these had recurrence of hypoglycaemia. One had infantile spasms and was severely mentally retarded with spastic diplegia and epilepsy. One girl was blind due to optic nerve atrophy. Four cases of cerebral palsy were detected in this group. Among 21 cases of secondary hypoglycaemia there were no cases of serious neurological sequelae. It is reasonable to assume that neonatal hypoglycaemia is an important prognostic factor. The deleterious effect on the CNS seems to be related to the duration and severity of the hypoglycaemia.
CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY OF KRABBE'S DISEASE
Authors: VANIER MARIE THERESE , SVENNERHOLM LARS
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Vanier, M.‐Th. and Svennerholm, L. (Department of Neurochemistry, Psychiatric Research Centre, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden). Chemical pathology of Krabbe's disease. III. Ceramide‐hexosides and gangliosides of brain. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:641, 1975.–Neutral ceramide‐hexosides and gangliosides in cerebral cortex and white matter of children who had died in Krabbe's disease were quantitatively isolated and characterized. The concentrations of galactosylceramides, lactosylceramides and glucosylceramides were normal or slightly increased in cerebral cortex, but all the three glycolipids were diminished in white matter, particularly the galactosylceramides. More complex ceramide‐hexosides, globotriose, globotetraose and blood‐group substance H, present in trace amounts in normal brain, were much more abundant in cerebral cortex and especially in white matter of brains affected by Krabbe's disease. The composition of the ceramide portion suggested that these glycolipids as well as a portion of the lactosylceramides and glucosylceramides were structural components of the globoid cells. The ganglioside distribution was severely altered. GD1a and GM1 were severely reduced in cerebral cortex and white matter, while GD1b and GT1 were slightly decreased in cerebral cortex, but increased in white matter. Normally minor brain gangliosides metabolically related to GD1b and GT1, i.e. GD2, GD3 and GM3, were strongly increased in cerebral cortex and in white matter.

For the first time galactosylsphingosine (psychosine) was demonstrated in normal infant brain. In cerebral tissue affected by Krabbe's disease the concentration of psychosine was at least 10 times higher. The large increase in this cytotoxic substance might be the primary lesion in Krabbe's disease.
PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS IN TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
Authors: RODRIGUEZ‐SORIANO J. , VALLO A. , CHOUZA M. , CASTILLO G.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Rodriguez‐Soriano, J., Vallo, A., Chouza, M. and Castillo, G. (Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Infantil de la Seguridad Social, Bilbao, Spain). Proximal renal tubular acidosis in tetralogy of Fallot. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:671, 1975.–A 9‐year‐old girl presented with tetralogy of Fallot and moderate metabolic acidosis. Despite a Blalock's fistula there was evidence of chronic hypoxia with cyanosis, clubbing of fingers and toes and very elevated blood hematocrit values. Renal acidification and bicarbonate titration demonstrated the existence of proximal renal tubular acidosis: renal bicarbonate threshold was low (18 mmoles/1) and normal urinary acidification was present at subthreshold serum bicarbonate levels. Following corrective heart surgery, blood acid‐base values and renal reabsorption of bicarbonate became normal. A causal relationship between extracellular fluid volume expansion dependent on the high hematocrit and proximal renal tubular acidosis is suggested.
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF DISACCHARIDE TOLERANCE TESTS IN CHILDREN
Authors: KRASILNIKOFF P. A. , GUDMAND‐HØYER E. , MOLTKE H. H.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Krasilnikoff, P. A., Gudmand‐Høyer, E. and Moltke, H. H. (From the Department of Paediatrics and the Medical Gastroenterological Department B, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark). Diagnostic value of disaccharide tolerance tests in children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:693, 1975.–The diagnostic value of oral lactose and sucrose tolerance tests was investigated in 61 children. A total of 105 oral disaccharide tests were carried out. When the rise in blood sugar was low, the same disaccharide was, as a control measure, instilled directly into the small intestine through a tube. This was carried out in 40 cases. In 21 patients the rise in blood sugar following the two forms of administration was correlated with the disaccharidase activity in a peroral small‐intestine biopsy. The incidence of false‐positive oral lactose tests was between23 and 30%, that of false‐positive oral sucrose tests between 24 and 33 %. A border value of 20 mg per 100 ml in the rise in blood glucose within the first hour following a direct intra‐intestinal administration affords a very satisfactory distinction between patients with and without disaccharide malabsorption. Blood glucose determinations exceeding one hour were found to be without diagnostic value.
ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA IN SCHOOL GIRLS
Authors: LINDBERG U.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Lindberg, U. (Department of Paediatrics and Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Goteborg, Goteborg, Sweden). Asymptomatic bacteriuria in school girls. V. The clinical course and response to treatment. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:718, 1975.–The short‐term prognosis of 116 school girls with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) treated or left untreated is reported. In untreated girls a spontaneous remission was obtained in 11% within one year. A short course of nitrofurantoin eliminated the bacteriuria in 93% of the girls in the treatment group. The recurrence rate was 30% in one year in the patients that became abacteriuric spontaneously, after a bladder washout test or after treatment with penicillin or nitrofurantoin. The first recurrence occurred within 3 months in 79% (19/24). Nineteen of the 24 patients with recurrences (79%) had a third infection within 9 months. In patients with parenchymal reduction or reflux the renal concentrating capacity increased significantly after treatment of the bacteriuria. All the girls left untreated had normal renal concentrating capacity on detection and this remained unchanged during the year of follow‐up. One of 28 untreated girls attracted a symptomatic pyelonephritis caused by a strain different from that at detection of the ABU. Of 81 girls cured from the bacteriuria 24 recurred, 5 with a' symptomatic pyelonephritis and 3 with cystitis. It is concluded that strains isolated from girls with ABU do not commonly cause symptomatic pyelonephritis.
MUSCULAR EXERTION: A TEST OF PITUITARY FUNCTION IN CHILDREN
Authors: GARLASCHI C. , GUERCIO M. J. DEL , NATALE B. DI , CACCAMO A. , CHIUMELLO G.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Garlaschi, C, Del Guercio, M. J., Di Natale, B., Caccamo, A. and Chiumello, G. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Milan, Italy). Muscular exertion: a test of pituitary function in children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:752, 1975.–The elevated level of growth hormone after moderate standardized physical exercise was compared with that induced by intravenous arginine infusion and by insulin induced hypoglycemia in children with normal pituitary function. Tests were performed on 49 prepubertal children (34 boys and 15 girls); in 42 cases the increase was significant for all three tests, in 5 cases the response was minimal after insulin stimulation but normal after arginine and physical exertion; in 1 case arginine produced no response but the other tests were positive; in 1 case there was a response to arginine but none to insulin or physical exertion. The results indicate that frequently more than one test is necessary for the diagnosis of normal pituitary function; physical exertion being a physiologic test, is simple to perform, acceptable to the children and without side effects. It appears the test of first choice because it can be used in patients seen ambulatorily, other tests being performed in case of doubt or negative response.
CAUSES OF DEATH IN TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIES
Authors: LANDTMAN B. , LOUHIMO I. , RAPOLA J. , TUUTERI LEENA
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Landtman, B., Louhimo, I., Rapola, J. and Tuuteri, Leena. (The Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.) Causes of death in transposition of the great arteries. A clinical and autopsy study of 140 cases. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 785, 1975.–The causes of death were assessed in 140 infants and children with transposition of the great arteries studied clinically and post mortem. Half of the children were under one month old. Death occurred during the first year of life in 118 cases. Balloon atrial septostomy and/or cardiac surgery were performed in 37 cases, and 7 patients died following operations for extracardiac malformations. Congestive heart failure was the most common single cause of death, occurring in 109 cases. All but 7 patients were cyanotic. Extracardiac malformations were encountered in 39 patients and were considered a main cause of death in 22 of these. Various infections, mostly pneumonia, occurred in half of the cases. Forty‐one patients had vascular accidents in various organs. These complications were more common in operated than in nonoperated cases. Miscellaneous causes of death, including hyaline membrane disease and/or pulmonary atelectases, occurred in 30 patients. The study illustrated the complex symptomatology and therapeutic problems presented by critically ill infants with transposition of the great arteries.
HEALTH SCREENING OF FOUR‐YEAR‐OLDS IN A SWEDISH COUNTY
Authors: SUNDELIN C. , VUILLE J.‐C.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Sundelin, C. and Vuille, J.‐C. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden and the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland). Health screening of four‐year‐olds in a Swedish county II. Effectiveness in detecting health problems. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 801, 1975.–Quantitative results obtained during the first 3 years of operation of a routine health screening program for 4‐year‐olds are presented. From these figures it is concluded that the effectiveness in detecting previously unknown health problems needing treatment is high enough to justify the continuation of this systematic health screening by the ordinary child health staff. However, the total prevalence of newly detected anomalies was lower in our population than in similar studies where the screening was performed by a few teams of specially trained professionals. The consequences of this observation are briefly discussed.
SERUM LYSOZYME ACTIVITY IN CHILDREN WITH HEMATOLOGICAL AND MALIGNANT DISORDERS
Authors: MOE PETER JOHAN , HANEBERG BJøRN , FINNE PER H.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Moe, P. J., Haneberg, B. and Finne, P. H. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Tromsø, Tromsø and Department of Paediatrics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway). Serum lysozyme activity in children with hematological and malignant disorders. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 830, 1975.–Pretreatment serum lysozyme activity was high in 2 children with myelomonocytic leukemia, 800 and 1000′/ig/ml, normal in all 10 cases of acute myelocytic leukemia and subnormal in 21 of 34 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Normal values were found in all but one case of acute lymphocytic leukemia during complete remission including 8 cases after all therapy had been discontinued. All 8 are still in complete remission. Low serum lysozyme activity was found in 5 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia in complete relapse, this could possibly be helpful in the diagnosis of early relapse. Activity was subnormal in 5 of 17 children with malignant tumours, and in 3 of 65 cases of various benign hematological disorders.
GENERALIZED MYOPATHY AND CEREBRAL MALFORMATIONS POSSIBLY RELATED TO AN ENTEROVIRAL INFECTION
Authors: HANSSON O. , KRISTENSSON K. , LYCKE E. , SOLYMAR L. , SOURANDER P.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Hansson, O., Kristensson, K., Lycke, E., Solymar, L. and Sourander, P. (Departments of Paediatrics II, Virology and Pathology I, University of Gothenburg, Sweden). Generalized myopathy and cerebral malformations possibly related to an enteroviral infection. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 881, 1975–A study was made on a case of generalized muscular hypotonus manifested at birth. Serological findings and epidemiological data suggested an association to a recently described enterovirus infection (enterovirus candidate 71) known to cause neurological disease in man. Autopsy revealed cerebral malformations and generalized myopathy compatible with a viral etiology of the disease.
I. VALIDITY OF DICHROMATIC EARPIECE DENSITOMETRY FOR QUANTITATIVE STUDIES IN CHILDREN WITH SHUNT‐FREE CARDIOVASCULAR MALFORMATIONS
Authors: WALLGREN C. GÖRAN , HANSON JOHN S. , KRETZSCHMAR GÜNTER , ZETTERQVIST PER
Published: January 2008

Abstract: Cardiac output was assessed in 16 children without evidence of cardiovascular shunts from simultaneously recorded earpiece and cuvette densitometric tracings. The earpiece set‐up was calibrated by the end‐tail method. Both instruments gave linear response to dye concentrations used. There was a close correlation between cardiac output figures recorded by the two methods (r=0.95) and no systematic difference occurred.

It is concluded that in infants and children earpiece densitometry constitutes a rapid and accurate method for quantitative circulatory studies.