bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Triclabendazole-resistant liver fluke: issues and strategies
Authors: Crilly James Patrick , Anderson Fiona , McCormick Iain , O'Roarke John , Wilson Ken , Skuce Philip
Published: March 2015

Triclabendazole is the only flukicide currently available which is effective against young immature liver fluke. As such, it has become an integral part of many farms' control strategies for fasciolosis. Triclabendazole-resistant liver fluke were first reported in Australia in 1995 and are now found around the world, including in the UK. This development necessitates a change in the approach to liver fluke control on many farms if morbidity, mortality and lost production are to be avoided. This article discusses the issues raised by triclabendazole resistance and considers some of the possible strategies to prevent its import onto farms where it is not already present and how to prevent losses owing to fasciolosis when triclabendazole is no longer effective.
Research roundup: March 2015
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: March 2015

In brief

▪ Certain antibiotics may increase the risk of sudden death among older patients taking spironolactone ▪ Heavy use of anticholinergics—including some over-the-counter treatments—seems to increase the likelihood of the development of Alzheimer's disease ▪ Gastroesophageal reflux disease may promote exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among patients who do not regularly take acid suppressants ▪ Pregnancy is eight times more common among women using copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) compared with levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs
Case studies in childhood vaccination
Authors: Driver Carolyn
Published: March 2015

Immunization is one of the most important public health measures that primary care offers the population. All health professionals, regardless of whether they administer vaccines or not, should be well-informed on this topic and should know where to get the latest information on the UK national schedule and evidence-based guidelines on the use of vaccines. Nurse prescribers are in a particularly good position to make the most of opportunistic encounters to ensure that individuals who have missed routine or recommended vaccines are able to catch up without delay.
Prebiotics and probiotics as novel therapeutic agents for obesity
Authors: Burton-Shepherd Alison
Published: March 2015

The increasing number of people with obesity is a serious problem of the contemporary world. It has been thought that the main cause of this phenomenon was changes in lifestyle, including a lack of exercise and poor dietary habits. However, emerging evidence suggests the disruption of gut microbiota may play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Evidence suggests differences in the gut microbiota of lean and obese individuals. The modulation of the gut microbiome, using prebiotics and probiotics, may offer new therapeutic strategies for many diseases. This article will review the role of prebiotics and probiotics in the management of obesity.
Solve the case: Red rash around an abdominal crease
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: March 2015

Dermatological problems are common in older people ( Norman, 2003 ; Chung et al, 2013 ) and their incidence is set to increase as the population ages ( Office for National Statistics, 2012 ). This article uses a case history approach to diagnose and treat a red rash that has appeared around an abdominal crease.
Mainstream media and national identity constructions: A commentary on Kathleen Buddle’s ‘Consolidating codes: “Technosociability” and Winnipeg’s NDN youth networks’
Authors: Giang Vivian
Published: March 2015

Kathleen Buddle’s contribution ‘Consolidating codes: “Technosociability” and Winnipeg’s NDN youth networks’ to this special issue on minority media pursues a different and special track as it deals with the impact of the media on minorities, in this case Canada’s First Nations, and how Photovoice/film-making projects empowered marginalized youth in Manitoba. In addition, it addresses the mission of the Journal of Applied Journalism and Media Studies as it attempts to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Vivian Giang comments on Buddle’s article and sheds more light on the role of alternative media not only in preserving minority identity, but also in contributing to national mainstream media.
Environmental ethics and Indigenous identity in Wawatay News
Authors: Riggins Stephen Harold
Published: March 2015

This chapter is a discourse analysis of news stories about mining in northern Ontario, which were published in the Indigenous newspaper Wawatay News. It examines the claim that the traditional environmental knowledge of the Indigenous populations in North America functions as an ethnic symbol distinguishing First Nations people from other Canadians. It was found that few news stories about mining in 2011 in the territory of the readers of Wawatay News portrayed a modern version of traditional environmental knowledge. Instead, the dominant discourse in most stories was a conservative environmental ethic consistent with Euro-Canadian values. In conclusion, it is argued that the dominant environmental discourse of Wawatay News reflects the weak organizational structure of Indigenous newspapers in Canada.
Institutional learning from a newsroom minority: The case of the Swiss public service broadcasting company
Authors: Perrin Daniel
Published: March 2015

Promoting public understanding is what the programming mandate asks the Swiss public broadcasting company SRG SSR to do. From a sociolinguistic perspective, this means linking speech communities with other speech communities, both between and within the German-, French-, Italian- and Rumantsch-speaking parts of Switzerland. In the Idée suisse project, we investigated whether and how SRG, caught between public service demands and market forces, should and actually does fulfil such language policy requirements. Four research modules were combined: module A focused on language policy expectations; B on media management’s interpretation; C on media production and D on media reflection in the newsrooms. Interviews with policy-makers and media managers were triangulated with in-depth analyses of text production processes and workplace conversations. The overall findings: whereas the managers are usually frustrated by the expectations of media policy-makers, a minority of experienced journalists in the newsroom find emergent solutions to overcome the conflict between the public mandate and the market. This tacit knowledge can be identified and made explicit to the entire organization in systemic knowledge transformation.
Minority media as intercultural dialogue: Towards a communicative praxis
Authors: Banda Fackson
Published: March 2015

This article justifies the need for minority-sensitive media, setting them out as a key plank of intercultural dialogue. To advance this argument, the article analyses minority-sensitive media in terms of the increasing recognition of minorities in international human rights discourse, their continuing poor representations in the media and the democratic potential of minority discourse as intercultural dialogue. It then attempts to appropriate minority discourse as communicative praxis, sketching three key normative communicative roles for minority media actors, namely: facilitating cultural interactions, unmasking cultural stereotypes and intolerance, and forging a common cultural-pluralistic narrative.
Media in minority contexts: Towards a research framework
Authors: Le Elisabeth
Published: March 2015

This special issue on ‘Media in minority contexts’ includes some of the best papers presented at a 2012 conference on the same theme held at the University of Alberta. The issue comprises as well three articles written by media practitioners in response to the researchers’ work. It also provides a general literature review of the field distinguishing two main strands of research: the status of media in minority contexts, and the participation of minorities in national, transnational and international debates. This second strand can itself be divided into three different subfields: cultural representations, communicative structures and sociocultural conditions for media access and use. The first article is an introduction to the special issue. It underlines how each of the articles in this special issue adds to the two strands and their subfields. It lays out some questions to explore further and argues that the research framework thus outlined ought to be considered from a multidisciplinary perspective.
Identity-centered media choices: Between strategic opportunities and regulatory constraints
Authors: Hanot Muriel
Published: March 2015

Was cultural and linguistic isolationism in Belgian media unavoidable? What were the legislator’s intentions when it defined the national audio-visual framework? How did those intentions translate into real action? Looking back over the major legislative, technical and strategic choices made in the past few decades, this article shows that the legislator was driven by the will to take advantage of new technologies (to better serve cultural communities). However, this resulted in increased isolationism instead of providing the audience with more freedom of choice.
A Single Gene Causes an Interspecific Difference in Pigmentation in Drosophila
Authors: Ahmed-Braimah Yasir H , Sweigart Andrea L
Published: March 2015

The genetic basis of species differences remains understudied. Studies in insects have contributed significantly to our understanding of morphological evolution. Pigmentation traits in particular have received a great deal of attention and several genes in the insect pigmentation pathway have been implicated in inter- and intraspecific differences. Nonetheless, much remains unknown about many of the genes in this pathway and their potential role in understudied taxa. Here we genetically analyze the puparium color difference between members of the virilis group of Drosophila. The puparium of Drosophila virilis is black, while those of D. americana, D. novamexicana, and D. lummei are brown. We used a series of backcross hybrid populations between D. americana and D. virilis to map the genomic interval responsible for the difference between this species pair. First, we show that the pupal case color difference is caused by a single Mendelizing factor, which we ultimately map to an ∼11-kb region on chromosome 5. The mapped interval includes only the first exon and regulatory region(s) of the dopamine N-acetyltransferase gene (Dat). This gene encodes an enzyme that is known to play a part in the insect pigmentation pathway. Second, we show that this gene is highly expressed at the onset of pupation in light brown taxa (D. americana and D. novamexicana) relative to D. virilis, but not in the dark brown D. lummei. Finally, we examine the role of Dat in adult pigmentation between D. americana (heavily melanized) and D. novamexicana (lightly melanized) and find no discernible effect of this gene in adults. Our results demonstrate that a single gene is entirely or almost entirely responsible for a morphological difference between species.
Accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen contents in banana 'Williams' (Musa AAA) plants in Uraba, Colombia
Authors: Torres B. Jaime , Sánchez Jaiver Danilo , Cayón Gerardo , Magnitskiy Stanislav , Darghan Aquiles Enrique
Published: March 2015

Banana production for export in the Uraba region of Colombia represents economic and social benefits for the country and demands improved agronomic management practices, especially for fertilization. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of different doses of nitrogen on crop development during two production cycles in order to adjust fertilizer recommendations to values consistent with plant requirements. Sixth-generation banana Williams plants were subjected to five treatments of nitrogen doses at five stages of development and during two production cycles. Two linear models, according to the phenological stage and vegetative structures, were used, assessing the variables of dry weight and nitrogen content. The statistical differences found for the effect of the nitrogen dose on the dry matter accumulation per plant organ and nitrogen content in the plants for the development stages per production cycle and between the cycles allowed for the selection of the 321.8 and 483 kg ha-1 ha of nitrogen doses as the better ones. In this research, the nitrogen dose of 483 kg ha-1 was the most successful at obtaining the highest nitrogen content in the plants. This research confirmed the practical utility of nutrient extraction curves because they allowed for the selection of the fertilizer dose with the best response.
Pan tropical biomass equations for Mexico's dry forests
Authors: Návar José
Published: March 2015

This study reports a set of robust regional M-tree allometric equations for Mexico's tropical dry forests and their application to a forest inventory dataset for the States of Durango and Sinaloa, Mexico. Calculated M data from 15 reported equations were fitted, applied and validated for regional and global models. Proposed theoretical models, empirically derived equations, as well as global and local reported equations were fitted and applied to calculated M-tree data using wood specific gravity, diameter at breast height, and top height as exogenous variables. Empirically-derived, computer-based equations assessed the M-tree evaluations slightly better than the theoretical, the global and the local models. However, the theoretical models projected compatible M-tree values and deserve further attention once wood specific gravity data are collected in the field. Using the best fit equation, mean M plot density values of 30, 41 and 35 Mg ha-1 were estimated from 57 plots (1,600 m2 each), 217 plots (1,000 m2 each) and 166 plots (1,000 m2 each) in the tropical dry forests of the States of Durango, Tiniaquis and Vado Hondo (Sinaloa), respectively. The large sample size, the richness of the tested allometric models, the economic and ecological importance of this data-source, and the spatial coverage of these equations made this dataset uniquely useful for biomass, charcoal, and other bio-energy estimations, as well as for understanding the inherent heterogeneity of the stand-structure in dynamic tropical forest environments.
Determination of the minimum dry matter index for the optimum harvest of 'Hass' avocado fruits in Colombia
Authors: Carvalho Catarina Pedro , Velásquez María Alejandra , Van Rooyen Zelda
Published: March 2015

Colombia has become an important producer of 'Hass' avocado in the last three years; however, a minimum dry matter content has not been established as a maturity index for harvest. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between oil percentage and dry matter content in order to establish a minimum harvest index for 'Hass' avocado fruits grown in Colombia. Samples were collected for maturity determinations over three years of 'Hass' avocado fruit cultivation from fifteen different orchards in the department of Antioquia in order to determine the dry matter and oil percentage of fruits throughout the season. A simple linear relationship between oil content and dry matter was thus established. The equations for all of the studied orchards presented a good correlation coefficient, ranging between 0.70 on the Cartucho orchard in the municipality of Retiro and 0.99 on the Gacamayas and Paraiso orchards in the municipality of Entrerrios and Retiro. Using the minimal oil standard of 11.2% as a reference, the orchards that were found to have a high dry matter percentage at harvest were Cartucho in Retiro (26%), followed by Piedras Blancas and Santa Cruz in the municipality of Venecia (25%); while the 'Hass' avocado fruit from the Cebadero orchard in Retiro, Coconi in the municipality of La Ceja and Guacamayas in Entrerrios reached this oil standard at 22% dry matter, which could be a commercial advantage. Based on these oil content results, a minimal dry matter index of 23.5% was proposed as a harvest maturity indicator for 'Hass' avocado grown in Colombia. This harvesting index will need to be refined over time and with the addition of samples from more regions and climatic data profiles.
A score test for the agronomical overlap effect in a two-way classification model
Authors: Darghan Aquiles , Surendra Sinha , Monroy Julio
Published: March 2015

In some agricultural research, a treatment applied to an experimental unit may affect the response in the neighboring experimental units. This phenomenon is known as overlap. In this article, a test to evaluate this effect in the Draper and Guttman model was developed by imposing side conditions on the parameters of a two-way classification model to obtain a re-parameterized model which can be used in different neighboring patterns of experimental units, usually plants within a crop, whenever the nearest neighbor is considered a directly affected experimental unit and the two-way model is used. Three methods, namely maximum likelihood, least squares with side conditions and generalized inverse, were used to estimate the parameters of the original model in order to calculate the value of the test statistics for the null hypothesis associated with the absence of the overlapping effect. The three alternatives were invariant with respect to the use of test. The proposed test is simple to adopt and can be implemented in agronomy since its asymptotic nature is in agreement with the large number of experimental units which generally exist in this type of research, where each plant represents the experimental unit being assessed.
Molecular characterization of 93 genotypes of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) with random amplified microsatellites RAMs
Authors: Morillo C. Yacenia , Morillo C. Ana Cruz , Muñoz F. Jaime Eduardo , Ballesteros P. William , González Alonso
Published: March 2015

Random amplified microsatellite (RAMs) markers six were used to characterize 93 genotypes of cocoa in Tumaco (Colombia). Hundred twenty seven bands were generated. The number of polymorphic loci varied between 11 and 25 for the AG and TG primers, respectively. This study differentiated the 93 genotypes into six groups with a 0.53 similarity, 0.28 mean heterozygosity (He) for the population, and 0.12±0.02 genetic differentiation coefficient or Fst. A significant level of genetic diversity was evident in the T. cacao genotypes. This resource would benefit selection programs of individual trees or plant breeding programs. The genotypes clustered in a large proportion in accordance with the collection zone. This characteristic was associated with collection zones and along the rivers in the municipality of Tumaco. The RAM technique proved to be a useful tool for the determination of genetic diversity in Theobroma species.
Editorial
Authors: Fischer Gerhard
Published: March 2015

The Universidad Nacional de Colombia has adopted DOIs (digital object identifiers) as part of its program for increasing the visibility of its publications, in line with the goals of systemizing information and placing it within the reach of the globalized world community that are seen in the indexing systems. The Agronomia Colombiana Journal will rely on this indicator for the proper identification of each article in the information systems and in the different bibliographic indexes and databases. With this new method, the bibliographic citations that are contained in the bibliography of each article in the journal must contain DOIs. Although regional information does not rely on this indicator, the journal requests that at least 30% of the citations contain DOIs.
New records of Megalastrum in the northeastern Atlantic Forest
Authors: Farias Rafael De Paiva , Santiago Augusto César Pessôa , Pereira Anna Flora De Novaes , Araújo da Silva Ivo Abraão , Barros Iva Carneiro Leão
Published: March 2015

Megalastrum indusiatum R. C. Moran et al. and Megalastrum umbrinum (C. Chr.) A. R. Sm. & R. C. Moran are reported for the first time in the Northeastern Atlantic Forest, extending the distribution of species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in about 680 and 1080 km to the north, respectively. Information on taxonomy and species distribution are provided.
Debris flow behaviour and travel distance: Col du Sabot, France
Authors: Fannin R. Jonathan , Mickovski Slobodan B. , Stokes Alexia , Eliadorani Ali Akbar , McConnell Robert
Published: March 2015

The physical characteristics and behaviour of a small-magnitude debris flow are reported for an event at Col du Sabot, France. The event occurred on a high alpine meadow. Entrainment and deposition took place along the path, which yielded a relatively small peak cumulative flow volume of nearly 200 m3 and a travel distance of 344 m to the point of terminal deposition. Volume change along the event path, from point of origin, was simulated using the model UBCDFLOW. The model determines travel distance as the point along the path of movement where the cumulative flow volume diminishes to zero. A comparison of the modelled travel distance with the actual distance from field observations shows excellent agreement.
Providing Information and Support to Postnatal Women Who Have Experienced a Cesarean Section: A Pilot Study
Authors: Martin Tracy , Fenwick Jennifer , Hauck Yvonne , Butt Janice , Wood Jennie
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUND:Australia has a low uptake of vaginal birth after cesarean despite the evidence that this is best practice. A new midwifery-led service was introduced with the overall goal to improve the quality of care offered to women and their families that have experienced a cesarean section. The postnatal arm of the service targeted women who had experienced their first cesarean section. The service included an early hospital postnatal visit from the next birth after cesarean (NBAC) midwives whereby women were given an opportunity to share their experiences. Women were subsequently given an evidence-based resource on birth after cesarean as well as the midwives’ contact details should they wish to contact them anytime during the first 6 weeks after birth.

AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness the postnatal arm of the service on women’s birth mode intentions in a subsequent pregnancy and their levels of childbirth fear and self-efficacy at 12 weeks postpartum.

METHOD:Comparative descriptive design (pre-/posttest). Fifty-three women receiving standard care (comparison group) and 50 women receiving the NBAC postnatal service completed a childbirth fear measure (Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Version B), a self-efficacy scale (New General Self-Efficacy Scale [NGSE]), and were asked their preferred birth mode for a subsequent pregnancy. Data was collected at 3–5 days and 12 weeks postpartum. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were used to test several formulated hypotheses.

RESULTS:Although women who received a visit from the NBAC midwives were more likely to state they intended to birth vaginally in a next pregnancy, compared to women receiving standard care, the finding was not significant (p= .272). Likewise, there was no difference in childbirth fear with both groups of women having high levels of childbirth fear (comparison [86.27] and NBAC group [84.67]). Comparison of self-efficacy items between groups at 12 weeks were not significant aside from NBAC women feeling more confident with their ability to complete tasks well (p= .005).

CONCLUSION:Although the findings of this small study were not statistically significant, the simple and timely nature of the intervention seems worthy of further consideration and investigation. In addition, research needs to continue to focus on how midwives can better meet women’s emotional needs in the postpartum period helping to ameliorate women’s fear and build confidence for their next pregnancy and birth experience.
Absolute Dating of the Late Bronze to Iron Age Transition and the Appearance of Philistine Culture in Qubur el-Walaydah, Southern Levant
Authors: Asscher Yotam , Lehmann Gunnar , Rosen Steven A , Weiner Steve , Boaretto Elisabetta
Published: March 2015

The Late Bronze Age to the Iron Age transition involves profound cultural and political changes in the southern Levant. The transition is dated to the 12th century BC, based on archaeological artifacts and historical documents. A more precise absolute date for this transition for the southern Levant based on radiocarbon is difficult since the14C calibration curve reduces precision significantly due to wiggles that form an approximately 200-yr-long plateau. This article analyzes14C samples from the Late Bronze Age to the Iron Age transition at Qubur el-Walaydah. To increase the resolution of14C dates within the plateau,14C samples were collected only from well-defined multilayered contexts.14C dates from 11 contexts were obtained and these were analyzed using a Bayesian model that incorporated the stratigraphic information. Using this integrative approach we date the Late Bronze Age III levels at Qubur el-Walydah, containing the initial phase of locally produced Philistine pottery between 1185–1140 BC, and the Late Bronze to Iron Age transition between 1140–1095 BC.
Comparative Dendrochronological and14C Dating of 15th Century Russian Icon
Authors: Voronin Konstantin , Dolgikh Andrey , Matskovsky Vladimir , Cherkinsky Alexander , Skripkin Vadim , Alexandrovskiy Alexander
Published: March 2015

A 15th century Russian icon from the Novgorod region was analyzed using both dendrochronological and radiocarbon methods [liquid scintillation counting (LSC) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)]. This orthodox icon represents the Mother of God (Dexiokratusa). Fine art experts attribute the icon to between the late 14th to the early 15th centuries. The last complete tree ring was dated to AD 1409. There are indications that the trees were cut down during the summer of AD 1410. Taking into account the time for seasoning (about 8 months), the icon would have been painted in AD 1411. Wiggle-matching of the six AMS samples failed. Two of six AMS dates correspond to dendrochronological dates, while four of the six AMS dates showed differences with the dendrochronological dates by 5–39 yr. This discrepancy raises the issue of a possible regional offset from the calibration curve for the 13th century AD in NW Russia.
The Tempo of Bronze Age Barrow Use: Modeling the Ebb and Flow in Monumental Funerary Landscapes
Authors: Bourgeois Quentin P J , Fontijn David R
Published: March 2015

The thousands of Bronze Age burial mounds of northwestern Europe often have complex histories, with multiple construction phases and secondary burials added to these mounds. It can be difficult to understand the dynamic nature of these events and the ebb and flow of activities in these monumental funerary landscapes. This article presents chronological models of five Bronze Age barrows from two sites. A total of 41 radiocarbon-dated cremation burials were fitted into several chronological sequences. The results from the chronological models at both sites suggest that the creation of a burial mound was just one event within a much longer funerary history. For both sites, there are indications that the deceased were buried in flat graves decades and sometimes more than a century prior to any monument construction. Once in place, the barrows were then used as a repository for the dead for decades afterwards. At the same time, a comparison of the models suggests that funerary events at both sites were punctuated. At one site, several barrows were in use simultaneously, at the other, barrows seem to be each other's successor. The models provide evidence for both protracted histories as well as punctuated events.
Floral development of Sabia (Sabiaceae): Evidence for the derivation of pentamery from a trimerous ancestry
Authors: De Craene Louis P. Ronse , Quandt Dietmar , Wanntorp Livia
Published: March 2015

• Premise of the study: Flowers of Sabiaceae diverge from basal eudicots in combining pentamery with superposed whorls of sepals, petals, and stamens and are therefore crucial in understanding origins of core eudicot flowers. Different hypotheses are tested using floral developmental evidence, whether the pentamerous flower is derived from a spiral, trimerous, or dimerous progenitor.

• Methods: The floral development of two species of Sabia was investigated with the scanning electron microscope to understand their unusual floral morphology and the origin of pentamery.

• Key results: The species show major developmental differences in their inflorescence morphology and organ initiation sequence. In S. limoniacea, flowers are subtended by a pherophyll preceding two prophylls, one of which encloses a younger flower; floral organs arise in a continuous spiral sequence without interruption between different organs. The ovary is oriented in an oblique‐median position. In S. japonica, one prophyll replaces one of the sepals, and there is a disruption in the spiral sequence. As a result, the ovary is inserted more or less transversally.

• Conclusions: The flower of Sabiaceae is structurally best interpreted as derived from a trimerous progenitor, and a derivation from a dimerous or spiral progenitor is less likely. One organ of each median adaxial whorl is interpreted as lost (from K3+3 C3+3 A3+3 G3 to K3+2 C3+2 A3+2 G2). The number of sepals is variable as pherophylls, prophylls, and sepals cannot be distinguished by shape and intergrade with each other. The floral organization of Sabia is reminiscent of trimerous Ranunculales and supports an earlier divergence of Sabiaceae relative to Proteales.
El límite imposible de un republicano cordobés, Antonio Jaén Morente (1879-1964)
Authors: Watanabe Masaya
Published: March 2015

Bref portrait de l’historien et député républicain cordouan Antonio Jaén Morente, que la victoire du franquisme en 1939 obligea, comme tant d’autres, à prendre le chemin de l’exil.
La voz de la tierra. Los movimientos campesinos en Andalucía (1868-1931)
Authors: Muñoz Manuel Morales
Published: March 2015

Avec une présence marquée de la grande propriété foncière et avec une population composée majoritairement de journaliers, marquée par la faim et l'analphabétisme, à partir du milieu du XIXe siècle, l'Andalousie a été le théâtre de fréquents conflits et mouvements sociaux comme de l'organisation d'un mouvement paysan dont le but ultime était l'accès à la propriété foncière. Le but de ce travail est d’essayer de démêler la réalité sociale en mettant un accent particulier sur l'étude du mouvement paysan depuis les années de l’intermède démocratique de 1868-1874 jusqu'à la proclamation de la Seconde République en 1931.
Paysans et mineurs. Quelques repères sur la mine comme agent de mutations sociales dans le monde rural andalou (xixe-xxe siècles)
Authors: Cohen Arón
Published: March 2015

Le bond des activités minières dans l'Andalousie contemporaine a frayé une des rares voies à la portée de nombreux paysans pauvres pour améliorer, même modestement, leurs conditions matérielles d'existence. La mine a pu disposer de la force de travail de masses rurales largement prolétarisées ; du coup, elle en a favorisé le processus de prolétarisation. Les transitions ne furent pas linéaires : les statuts « ambigus », du point de vue de l'emploi, des mineurs-paysans (journaliers « mixtes » et ouvriers-très petits propriétaires) ont été relativement fréquents et parfois durables. Surtout tant que les dimensions de l'emploi dans les mines attiraient une immigration, en même temps qu'ils retenaient l'émigration paysanne des alentours. L'Andalousie a connu, selon les moments et les lieux, des réalités variables à ce sujet, en fonction des types d'activité minière, des contextes agro-sociaux et des différences d'articulation entre ces deux piliers des formations économiques et sociales. L'analyse s'appuie sur trois exemples de portée inégale dans l'Andalousie minière.
La Grève des forgerons de François Coppée, un arma antihuelga en los escenarios españoles (1890-1923)
Authors: Brey Gérard
Published: March 2015

Dans leur combat idéologique contre le socialisme et l’anarchisme, les secteurs conservateurs ont eu recours, lors de la deuxième moitié de la Restauration, à un monologue théâtral de François Coppée de 1869 qu’ils perçurent comme un avertissement contre le fait que les grèves entraînent des conséquences plus graves encore que les maux qu’elles prétendent résoudre.
Ramiro Ledesma Ramos: años de literatura (1924-1930)
Authors: Mainer José-Carlos
Published: March 2015

Cet article analyse l’œuvre littéraire de jeunesse de l’un des fondateurs du fascisme espagnol. Fils d’un instituteur de campagne, Ramiro Ledesma Ramos fut fonctionnaire des Postes et autodidacte, même s’il suivit aussi des études de mathématiques et philosophie à l’université de Madrid, sans toutefois obtenir aucun diplôme universitaire. Son roman El sello de la muerte (Le sceau de la mort, 1924), dédié avec chaleur à Miguel de Unamuno, est l’autobiographie fictice d’un écrivain à la vie difficile qui se suicide juste au moment de réussir comme artiste. Son essai El Quijote y nuestro tiempo (même date) présente l’œuvre de Cervantes comme une lutte permanente contre la frustration et la décadence. Dans les travaux des années 1928-1930, prévaut l’intérêt pour la philosophie; et l’influence du pessimisme d’Unamuno cède la place à la philosophie volontariste et davantage tournée vers l’action politique d’Ortega y Gasset.
O rio Potengi e a cidade do Natal em cinco tempos históricos. Aproximações e distanciamentos
Authors: Teixeira Rubenilson B.
Published: March 2015

A cidade do Natal, capital do Rio Grande do Norte, nasceu e se desenvolveu “à sombra” de um Rio, o Potengi. Em sua história de mais de quatrocentos anos, a cidade ora se aproxima, ora se distancia do rio, num movimento que não é somente físico, mas também social e simbólico. Este trabalho propõe a análise dessa relação segundo cinco períodos históricos - aqui chamados de “Tempos” – que expressam, em termos de predominância, esse movimento de certa maneira contraditório de aproximação e distanciamento entre cidade e rio ou entre rio e cidade. São eles: Tempo 1. O rio como aliado da cidade nascente (1599-1614); Tempo 2. O comércio, o rio e a cidade (1700-1900); Tempo 3. O rio como obstáculo para a cidade (1850-1916); Tempo 4. A aviação. Aproximando o rio à cidade (1920-1945); Tempo 5. O rio “invisível” para a cidade (desde 1945). Sem qualquer pretensão de completude – afinal, são mais de quatro séculos de história - o trabalho destaca, contudo, expressões pontuais de processos históricos bem mais longos envolvendo a relação entre a cidade do Natal e o Rio Potengi.
Gestão Integrada de Bacias Hidrográficas: paisagem cultural e parques fluviais como instrumentos de desenvolvimento regional
Authors: Ferrão André Munhoz de Argollo , Braga Luci Mehry Martins
Published: March 2015

As intervenções humanas conferem personalidade e características próprias a determinadas regiões. Dessa interação resultam paisagens culturais de relevante valor patrimonial que marcam o trabalho do homem sobre o território. A revitalização desses locais especiais é um fenômeno recorrente em diversas partes do mundo, repercutindo positivamente em processos de recuperação dos rios que cortam tais territórios e que lhes conferem identidade à paisagem correspondente. Este artigo trata de associar a ideia de Parques Fluviais e da paisagem cultural como instrumentos de desenvolvimento regional no âmbito dos programas de gestão integrada das bacias hidrográficas.
Amazônia globalizada: da fronteira agrícola ao território do agronegócio – o exemplo de Rondônia
Authors: Silva Ricardo Gilson da Costa
Published: March 2015

O avanço do agronegócio na Amazônia brasileira produz fragmentações nas coerências territoriais endógenas, impondo lógicas globais das grandes empresas aos lugares. No estado de Rondônia, o agronegócio da soja altera as formas pretéritas de uso do território, transformando-o em espaços da produção global. Essa é a geografia que se configura no sul de Rondônia, onde a regionalização do agronegócio e a territorialização do capital condicionam suas dinâmicas territoriais aos vetores da globalização.
Reflexões sobre diversidade de representações, de públicos e de estratégias interpretativas
Authors: Lourenço Andreia Vale
Published: March 2015

O artigo procura realizar uma reflexão sobre o posicionamento dos museus na sociedade e mundo contemporâneo, influenciados pelas correntes pós-modernistas, interrogando-se sobre os públicos e os visitantes, principalmente no que concerne ao seu relacionamento com a instituição, em que são centrais questões relacionadas com as formas de representação conduzidas pelos museus e o processo de interpretação das exposições desenvolvido pelos visitantes. A partir da análise de uma seleção de bibliografia considerada relevante para os temas em análise, é efetuada uma breve contextualização sobre a sociedade contemporânea e o seu relacionamento com o universo museológico, que irá conduzir a uma série de questões/reflexões sobre os públicos, as representações e as interpretações que têm lugar nos museus. Os temas alvo de ponderação estão diretamente relacionados entre eles e participam no debate mais amplo sobre a função e o papel dos museus. Trata-se de um artigo que realiza um enquadramento sobre os pontos acima expostos e que nasce da investigação no âmbito da preparação de uma dissertação de doutoramento, num momento em que o processo de levantamento bibliográfico e de desenvolvimento do plano de investigação conduziram a uma série de interrogações e à necessidade de estabelecer um diálogo entre a prática de investigação e a de mediação na instituição museológica que é o caso de estudo.
Objetos mediadores em museus
Authors: Ferreira Inês
Published: March 2015

Um museu participativo incentiva a que a experiência da visita seja criativa e pessoal. Facilita a participação biográfica do visitante - com a sua experiência, conhecimento e interesses. Muitas exposições, porém, não promovem esse envolvimento pessoal. Neste artigo apresentamos uma revisão da literatura que indicia que a mediação com objetos mediadores facilita o envolvimento pessoal, a construção de conhecimento e a criatividade. O problema teórico que colocamos é se os museus mais tradicionais se podem abrir à participação e, neste contexto, o nosso objetivo é perceber que papel podem ter os objetos mediadores nesse processo. Discutimos o recurso a objetos mediadores como forma de adicionar múltiplos níveis de relação e modos de ver, potencial que consideramos subaproveitado em muitos museus. Começamos por apresentar o museu como espaço potencialmente participativo, que convida a um envolvimento ativo e crítico – ativo, porque o visitante é desafiado a fazer coisas; crítico, porque é estimulado a pensar, optar, discutir e refletir. Discutimos depois diferentes formas de usar objetos mediadores para incentivar o visitante a um envolvimento com os artefactos, recorrendo à memória, experiência, conhecimento e sentimentos. A participação biográfica potencia o cruzamento entre o mundo interior do visitante e os artefactos e conteúdos do museu. Esse espaço de cruzamento - inbetween - é o espaço da construção de conhecimento. Apresentamos diversas formas de um museu, mesmo não sendo interativo, se tornar mais criativo e participativo, o que pode contribuir para uma mudança nas práticas dos museus, nomeadamente na montagem e remodelação de exposições permanentes.
Le musée comme outil de remédiation identitaire : Le cas du Louvre-Lens
Authors: Morel Maia
Published: March 2015

Depuis sa création, le musée a continûment développé ses ambitions et son action pédagogiques. S’il n’a plus aujourd’hui le rôle de glorification nationale qui a longtemps été le sien, sa fonction identitaire reste cependant entière. Le texte analyse sous cet angle l’implantation d’une antenne du Musée du Louvre à Lens, une région de France durement frappée par la crise industrielle, où existe une identité locale très forte, et qui connaît un phénomène de marginalisation. Symboliquement, le musée va à la rencontre des habitants en s’installant sur les lieux mêmes où se situait l’activité industrielle. Il leur propose d’autre part une vision extrêmement consensuelle de l’art, par la sélection qui est faite et par la légitimité que donne le Louvre aux œuvres exposées. La présentation est historique et va de l’Antiquité au début du XIX° siècle, c’est-à-dire à la Révolution industrielle. Le visiteur est ainsi invité à découvrir toute l’histoire de l’humanité vue à travers une vision nationale (donnée par le Louvre) et à y rattacher sa propre histoire.
Virus
Authors: Auray Nicolas , Keck Frédéric
Published: March 2015

Ce dossier de Terrain compare la gestion des virus dans les systèmes biologiques et informatiques. Le virus étant défini comme un morceau d’information qui mute en se répliquant, il révèle les vulnérabilités des systèmes qu’il parasite. Les articles de ce dossier proposent donc une ethnographie des virus entre phénoménologie de la vigilance et écologie des infrastructures matérielles. Par-delà la fascination pour la contagion ou le poison, il s’agit de décrire ce que signifie vivre avec les virus.
Dr Popp et la disquette Sida
Authors: Casilli Antonio A.
Published: March 2015

En 1989 éclate l’affaire de la « disquette Sida », l’un des premiers scandales internationaux dans l’histoire du piratage informatique. En s’appuyant sur une enquête qui sollicite les protagonistes de l’affaire et restitue autant la réaction médiatique que la scène de l’activisme technologique de l’époque, ce texte explore les liens entre imaginaires du corps, savoirs médicaux et conflictualité politique – et montre dans quelle mesure notre compréhension actuelle du rôle socialisant des technologies numériques a été façonnée par la notion de viralité élaborée à la fin du XXe siècle.
La muse de l’anthropologie américaine
Authors: Dragani Amalia
Published: March 2015

Cet article porte sur la pratique poétique des anthropologues américains, à la fois révélatrice d’enjeux institutionnels majeurs et catalyseur d’une densité relationnelle conséquente. Il met en évidence trois occurrences successives dans l’histoire de l’anthropologie américaine, où les chercheurs ont montré un intérêt prononcé pour la poésie, soit parce qu’ils en produisaient eux-mêmes, soit parce qu’ils trouvaient un intérêt particulier à l’étudier. Une première période coïncide avec les années de la fondation de la discipline (1920-1930) et c’est l’activité poétique d’Edward Sapir et de Ruth F. Benedict qui est examinée, surtout sous l’angle des hésitations qu’ont pu connaître l’un et l’autre représentant de l’école « culture et personnalité » dans le choix entre des carrières de poète ou d’anthropologue. Une deuxième période montre le lien entre les poètes de la beat generation et les ethno-poètes fondateurs de la revue Alcheringa Ethnopoetics (1960-1970). Une dernière période prend en compte les années du poetic turn et du post-modernisme (à partir de 1980) qui coïncident avec des publications individuelles et collectives de field poetry (poésie anthropologique) et l’instauration d’institutions telles que les concours et les prix de poésie anthropologique.
Vade retro virus
Authors: Bardini Thierry
Published: March 2015

Avec l’aide de récents résultats de la virologie, le présent article se concentre sur les virus en tant que participants d’une possible redéfinition de la frontière inférieure de la vie, en tant que vie minimale. À l’heure du triomphe de la viralité dans la cyberculture contemporaine, l’auteur avance que l’on devrait considérer les virus comme les premières formes d’entités convergentes, c’est-à-dire existant par-delà la division du monde en deux phases distinctes et incompatibles, numérique et analogique. En considérant les virus comme des agents fondamentaux de l’évolution du vivant, il insiste sur le fait qu’il est grand temps de dépasser une conception purement négative de ces formes de vie, jusqu’à il y a peu uniquement regardées en tant que parasites ou agents infectieux.
L’invisible et le clandestin
Authors: Auray Nicolas
Published: March 2015

L’article étudie les êtres spécifiques de l’écologie virale du monde numérique (vers géants, virus et « machines zombies ») en insistant sur deux caractéristiques. D’une part, le fait que les vers informatiques, entités de taille aujourd’hui titanesque, sont un mixte d’émergence par pression sélective dans le milieu et de « contrôle intentionnel planifié », par des êtres humains organisés. D’autre part, le fait que leur propagation repose sur l’exploitation de la curiosité des internautes. L’insécurité liée à la menace qu’ils font planer sur le réseau se nourrit ainsi des failles d’un agir exploratoire à la direction forcément imprédictible. De ce point de vue, l’article documente une fragilité au centre de la « société de l’information ». L’enquête ethnographique étudie les méthodes de chasse et d’endiguement mises en place par les industriels informa- tiques pour amoindrir cette vulnérabilité.
Traverser sur un fil
Authors: Pescayre Charlotte
Published: March 2015

La maroma (corde épaisse utilisée par les marins) a donné son nom à une expression spectaculaire, rituelle et festive pratiquée par des groupes d’artistes-paysans indigènes et métis dans les régions rurales du Sud du Mexique. Le « spectacle » inclut des acrobates, danseurs de corde, clowns, trapézistes, musiciens, et s’effectue à l’occasion de festivités communautaires. Actuellement, les collectifs de maromeros sont à la fois pris dans des processus de patrimonialisation et de « cirquisation ». Ce dernier s’instaure à partir de l’autodéfinition des collectifs de maromeros en tant que « cirque indigène » et de la revendication de cette tradition indigène par des cirques classiques qui souhaitent asseoir leur réputation. Cet article examine ces différents processus ainsi que les transformations esthétiques, sociales et culturelles qu’ils engendrent au niveau local.
D’un mirage, l’autre
Authors: Piniès Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2015

Ultime étape dans la volonté de reproduction du réel, la photographie est longtemps apparue comme un instrument privilégié de l’ethnographie tant elle prétendait réduire la distance à l’imaginaire pour sacrifier au fait. Des générations de praticiens, de Walker Evans à Henri Cartier-Bresson ont mis fin à ce leurre en montrant que, art avant tout, la photographie ne saurait se laisser enfermer dans un tel carcan. À son tour, Sylvie Goussopoulos s’essaie à l’exploration de ce territoire où le témoignage sait laisser toute sa place à la vision personnelle. Photographiant les femmes au travail, pêcheuses de coquillages de l’étang de Thau ou femmes des mers du Sud de la Chine, elle ouvre ainsi un large champ à une réflexion sur le travail et l’imaginaire que ces femmes mettent en place tout en montrant l’impossible sécabilité, pour le photographe, entre son désir de dire le cœur du monde et celui d’exalter la création esthétique.
L’alarme d’Antigone
Authors: Keck Frédéric
Published: March 2015

Cet article retrace la controverse qui eut lieu en 2011-2013 autour de la mutation du virus de grippe H5N1, le rendant transmissible entre mammifères. Cette controverse portait sur des questions de biosécurité, en invoquant la possibilité d’un usage terroriste ou d’une échappée accidentelle du virus mutant. En suivant la perspective d’un de ses acteurs principaux, Ron Fouchier, professeur de virologie au centre médical Érasme de Rotterdam, l’article montre qu’il s’agit pour les virologues d’anticiper en laboratoire les mutations des virus dans la nature, et interroge les critiques internes au monde des « chasseurs de virus » au sujet de leurs stratégies de communication.