bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step, Efficient Synthesis of Combined Threonine‐Surfactant Organocatalysts for the Highly Enantioselective Direct Aldol Reactions of Cyclic Ketones with Aromatic Aldehydes in the Presence of Water.
Authors: Wu Chuanlong , Fu Xiangkai , Ma Xuebing , Li Shi
Published: March 2011

The reaction of cyclohexanone derivatives with a wide range of aromatic aldehydes proceeds with high dia‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation of 1,3‐Dienes to Highly Enantioenriched β,γ‐Unsaturated Aldehydes with Diazaphospholane Ligands.
Authors: Watkins Avery L. , Landis Clark R.
Published: March 2011

The reaction proceeds mostly with excellent (E)‐selectivity and excellent regio‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Michael Addition/Aldol Reaction of Allenic Ketones with Alkyl Vinyl Ketones: Versatile Synthesis of 2‐Alkynyl 1,5‐Diketones, 4‐Alkynyl‐3‐hydroxycyclohexanones and 4‐Alkynylcyclohexenones.
Authors: Malhotra Deepika , Liu Le‐Ping , Hammond Gerald B.
Published: March 2011

The reaction leads to the 2‐alkynyl‐1,5‐diketones (III), when catalyzed by Bu4NF in THF at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica Supported Tungstosilicic Acid as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of β‐Acetamido Ketones (IV) via a Four‐Component Condensation Reaction
Authors: Nasr‐Esfahani Masoud , Montazerozohori Morteza , Gholampour Tahere
Published: March 2011

30 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Mediated Strecker Reaction: An Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Approach for the Synthesis of α‐Aminonitriles via a Three‐Component Condensation.
Authors: Ramesh Samikannu , Sivakumar Kulanthaivel , Panja Chiradeep , Arunachalam Pirama Nayagam , Lalitha Appaswami
Published: March 2011

α‐Aminonitriles (IV) are formed exclusively and the methodology is compatible with various types of aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Knoevenagel Condensation over Cobalt Hydroxyapatite.
Authors: Pillai Manoharan Karuppiah , Singh Sooboo , Jonnalagadda Sreekanth B.
Published: March 2011

Cobalt hydroxyapatite as catalyst in solvent‐free Knoevenagel condensations is superior over fluoroapatite and several other heterogeneous catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Sodium Hydride Catalyzed Tishchenko Reaction.
Authors: Werner Thomas , Koch Juliane
Published: March 2011

Commercially available sodium hydride efficiently catalyzes the Tishchenko dimerization of aromatic aldehydes to give benzyl benzoates (II) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Air‐Stable, Cationic, Lewis Acid, Titanocene Perfluorooctanesulfonate‐Catalyzed Reductive Cleavage of S—S Bond by Zinc and Its Application in Synthesis of Thioesters.
Authors: Qiu Ren Hua , Xu Xin Hua , Li Yin Hui , Shao Ling Ling , Zhang Guo Ping , An De Lie
Published: March 2011

The reaction is carried out at room temperature and does not require anhydrous conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Nucleophilic Substitution in 2,3,4,5,6‐Pentafluorobiphenyl as Model Compound for Supramolecular Systems. Theoretical Study of Transition States and Energy Profiles, Evidence for Tetrahedral SN2 Mechanism.
Authors: Kvicala Jaroslav , Benes Michal , Paleta Oldrich , Kral Vladimir
Published: March 2011

Pentafluorobiphenyl (I) reacts completely regioselectively with a variety of O‐, S‐, and N‐nucleophiles furnishing p‐substituted derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: An Extremely Active and General Catalyst for Suzuki Coupling Reaction of Unreactive Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Lee Dong‐Hwan , Jin Myung‐Jong
Published: March 2011

Starting from acetylacetone, a new type of air‐ and moisture‐stable palladium complexes (I) is easily prepared in three steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem [4 + 1 + 1] Annulation and Metal‐Free Aerobic Oxidative Aromatization: Straightforward Synthesis of Highly Substituted Phenols from One Aldehyde and Two Ketones.
Authors: Wang Mang , Fu Zhenqian , Feng Hui , Dong Ying , Liu Jun , Liu Qun
Published: March 2011

A facile multicomponent synthesis of substituted phenols (IV) is developed starting from readily available precursors.
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatic Compounds Mannich Reaction Using Economical Acidic Ionic Liquids Based on Morpholinium Salts as Dual Solvent‐Catalysts.
Authors: Yue Caibo
Published: March 2011

Cheap Broensted acid ionic liquids bearing a SO3H‐group in a morpholinium cation are found to act as dual solvent‐catalyst in the one‐pot three‐component Mannich‐type reaction of acetophenone, aromatic aldehydes and aromatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: ZnCl2‐Catalyzed [4 + 2] Benzannulation of 2‐Ethynylbenzaldehydes with Alkynes: Selective Synthesis of Naphthalene Derivatives.
Authors: Fang Xiao‐Li , Tang Ri‐Yuan , Zhang Xing‐Guo , Zhong Ping , Deng Chen‐Liang , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: March 2011

The title reaction allows a practical and effective access to a wide range of naphthalene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of 1‐Indanones via Pd‐Catalyzed Olefination and Ethylene Glycol‐Promoted Aldol‐Type Annulation Cascade.
Authors: Ruan Jiwu , Iggo Jonathan A. , Xiao Jianliang
Published: March 2011

Multisubstituted 1‐indanones with a high potential of pharmaceutical use are generated in a one‐pot reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Iterative Extension of Thiophene Ring Leading to Head‐to‐Tail‐Type Oligothiophenes via Stepwise CH Arylation and Halogen Exchange Sequence.
Authors: Tanba Shunsuke , Sugie Atsushi , Masuda Naoyuki , Monguchi Daiki , Koumura Nagatoshi , Hara Kohjiro , Mori Atsunori
Published: March 2011

Oligothiophenes are accessible in a stepwise manner by iterative extension of the thiophene ring unit.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Dibenzothiophenes — An Efficient Three‐Step Approach Based on Pd‐Catalyzed C—C and C—S Bond Formations.
Authors: Jepsen Tue Heesgaard , Larsen Mogens , Joergensen Morten , Solanko Katarzyna A. , Bond Andrew D. , Kadziola Anders , Nielsen Mogens Broensted
Published: March 2011

A three‐step protocol for the synthesis of functionalized dibenzothiophenes from readily available starting materials involves palladium‐catalyzed formation of an aromatic C—S bond in the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Route for the Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrroles.
Authors: Azizian Javad , Hosseini Javad , Mohammadi Mohammadkazem , Sheikholeslami Fatemeh
Published: March 2011

The presented mild synthesis with DEAD instead of the compound (II) as reactant is also effective.
ChemInform Abstract: Conventional and Microwave‐Assisted Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Substituted Pyrrole‐2,3,4,5‐tetracarboxylates under Neat Conditions.
Authors: Valizadeh H. , Heravi M. M. , Amiri M.
Published: March 2011

Comparable results are obtained with conventional heating under neat conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 3‐Substituted Indole Derivatives.
Authors: Hassaneen Huwaida M. E. , Pagni Richard M.
Published: March 2011

The reaction of cyanoacetyl indole (I) with phenyl isothiocyanate leads to thioacetanilide derivative (III) which is utilized as key intermediate for the synthesis of some new 1,3,4‐thiadiazole, thiophene, thiazole and benzothiazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct and Regioselective C—H Bond Functionalization/Oxidative Acetoxylation of Indoles.
Authors: Choy Pui Ying , Lau Chak Po , Kwong Fuk Yee
Published: March 2011

A facile and direct method to prepare a wide range of 3‐ acetoxylated indoles is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction of Isatins with Acrylates: Facile Creation of 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles.
Authors: Zhong Fangrui , Chen Guo‐Ying , Lu Yixin
Published: March 2011

A wide range of biologically significant substituted 3‐hydroxy‐2oxindoles is prepared with excellent enantioselectivities using β‐isocupreidine as a catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Induced Regioselective C—C and C—N Bonds Formation of N‐Protected Indoles.
Authors: Li Ying‐Xiu , Ji Ke‐Gong , Wang Hai‐Xi , Ali Shaukat , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: March 2011

A mild, efficient, and environmentally friendly method to prepare a number of 2,3′‐biindoles and 4‐(1H‐indol‐2‐yl)morpholines is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Chiral Quaternary Carbon Through Morita—Baylis—Hillmann Reaction: An Enantioselective Approach to 3‐Substituted 3‐Hydroxyoxindole Derivatives.
Authors: Guan Xiao‐Yang , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: March 2011

The method provides the hydroxyoxindoles in good yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Dichotomy with Alkynes in the Formal Hydrohydrazination/Fischer Indolization Tandem Reaction Catalyzed by a Ph3PAuNTf2/pTSA Binary System.
Authors: Patil Nitin T. , Konala Ashok
Published: March 2011

A wide range of 2,3‐disubstituted indoles is prepared from aromatic hydrazones and terminal alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Bismuth Nitrate‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Substitution of Indoles with Carbonyl Compounds under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Iglesias Laura , Aguilar Calista , Bandyopadhyay Debasish , Banik Bimal K.
Published: March 2011

An expeditious synthetic method for the preparation of bis(indolyl)methanes (III) is developed through a bismuth nitrate‐catalyzed reaction of indole with various carbonyl compounds in a mortar and pestle under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Tandem Reactions of 1‐(2‐Iodoaryl)‐2‐yn‐1‐ones with Isocyanides for the Synthesis of 4‐Oxo‐indeno[1,2‐b]pyrroles.
Authors: Cai Qian , Zhou Fengtao , Xu Tianfeng , Fu Liangbing , Ding Ke
Published: March 2011

Alkynes bearing an arylic moiety [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Isoxazoles and Pyrazoles from α,α‐Dioxoketen Dithioacetals under Solvothermal Conditions.
Authors: Musad Ebraheem Abdu , Rai K. M. Lokanatha
Published: March 2011

Starting from known α,α‐dioxoketen dithioacetals (I) some new pyrazoles and isoxazoles are synthesized by an ecofriendly procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise and Diversity‐Oriented Route Toward Polysubsituted 2‐Aminoimidazole Alkaloids and Their Analogues.
Authors: Ermolat'ev Denis S. , Bariwal Jitender B. , Steenackers Hans P. L. , de Keersmaecker Sigrid C. J. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: March 2011

Diverse iminoimidazolines (III) are synthesized from readily available polysubstituted propargylamines and thioureas in a one‐pot process using an Ag(I) catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyst Free Synthesis of Benzimidazoles and Formamidines in 1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluoro‐2‐propanol
Authors: Khaksar Samad , Heydari Akbar , Tajbakhsh Mahmood , Vahdat Seyed Mohammad
Published: March 2011

by reaction of appropriate o‐diamines or amines with orthoesters
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted and 5‐Acyl‐1,3‐Disubstituted Hydantoin Derivatives via Novel Sequential Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Attanasi Orazio A. , De Crescentini Lucia , Favi Gianfranco , Nicolini Simona , Perrulli Francesca Romana , Santeusanio Stefania
Published: March 2011

1,2‐Diaza‐1,3‐dienes are used for the construction of diversified trisubstituted 1,3,5‐hydantoins with a controlled regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: The Highly Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Alkyl Glyoxylate‐Derived Nitrones to E‐Crotonaldehyde Catalyzed by Hybrid Diamines.
Authors: Weselinski Lukasz , Slyk Edyta , Jurczak Janusz
Published: March 2011

Binaphthyl based hybride diamines are found to be efficient organocatalysts for the enantioselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones to E‐crotonaldehyde.
ChemInform Abstract: DAST‐Mediated Cyclization of α,α‐Disubstituted‐α‐acylaminoketones: Efficient and Divergent Synthesis of Unprecedented Heterocycles.
Authors: Bigot Aurelien , Blythe Judith , Pandya Chirag , Wagner Trixie , Loiseleur Olivier
Published: March 2011

The title reaction affords a broad spectrum of fluorooxazoline products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isoxazoline N‐Oxides via [Hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene (HTIB)‐Mediated Oxidative N—O Coupling.
Authors: Raihan Mustafa J. , Kavala Veerababurao , Habib Pateliya Mujjamil , Guan Qiao‐Zhi , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: March 2011

as a novel, mild, and efficient method to prepare isoxazoline N‐oxides and benzisoxazole N‐oxides
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Amino‐1,2,4‐triazoles by Reductive ANRORC Rearrangements of 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles.
Authors: Piccionello Antonio Palumbo , Guarcello Annalisa , Buscemi Silvestre , Vivona Nicolo , Pace Andrea
Published: March 2011

The hydrazinolysis of the oxadiazoles under optimized conditions allows a general synthesis of functionalized aminotriazole products which are of interest due to the biological activity of the heterocyclic system.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazolines: Base‐Catalyzed Hydrazination/Cyclization Cascade of α‐Isocyano Esters and Amides.
Authors: Monge David , Jensen Kim L. , Marin Irene , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: March 2011

PPh3 can also be used instead of DBU; however, lower yields are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Mercaptotetrazoles as Synthetic Equivalents of Nitrogen‐Containing Functional Groups. The Case of the Organocatalytic Enantioselective Aza‐Michael Reaction.
Authors: Uria Uxue , Reyes Efraim , Vicario Jose L. , Badia Dolores , Carrillo Luisa
Published: March 2011

Ring cleavage of the tetrazolothione moiety permits the enantioselective preparation of important organic and medical reagents such as oxazinimines, formamidines, ureas and isoureas.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Iodine: An Efficient and Environment Friendly Catalyst for the Synthesis of 3,5‐Bis‐(arylmethylidene)‐tetrahydropyran‐4‐ones.
Authors: Reddy M. B. Madhusdana , Nizam Aatika , Pasha M. A.
Published: March 2011

The iodine‐catalyzed double condensation of aldehydes with tetrahydropyran‐4‐one is a simple, environmentally benign and fast method for the preparation of the title compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Tetracyclo‐Isocoumarins via AcOH‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of Heterocyclic Ketene Aminals with 2,2‐Dihydroxy‐2H‐indene‐1,3‐dione.
Authors: Yan Sheng‐jiao , Chen Yu‐Ian , Liu Lin , Tang Ya‐juan , Lin Jun
Published: March 2011

A cyclocondensation/rearrangement cascade of ninhydrin with cyclic ketene aminals (II) results in a convenient synthesis of tetracycloisocoumarins of potential biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Pyranochromenes via an Unpredictable Cascade Michael—Oxa‐Michael—Tautomerization Sequence.
Authors: Ren Qiao , Gao Yaojun , Wang Jian
Published: March 2011

The reaction is catalyzed by a new bifunctional indan amine‐thiourea compound to afford optically active pyranochromenes in high yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantioselective Organocatalyzed Aza‐MBH Domino Process: Application to the Facile Synthesis of Tetrahydropyridines.
Authors: Takizawa Shinobu , Inoue Naohito , Sasai Hiroaki
Published: March 2011

A chiral BINOL‐based acid‐base catalyst is found to promote the aza‐Morita—Baylis—Hillman domino reaction of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds and N‐tosylimines to yield optically active tetrahydropyridines with good e.e.‐values.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Azoles as Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Shelke Sharad , Mhaske Ganesh , Gadakh Sunil , Gill Charnsingh
Published: March 2011

All synthesized compounds exhibit moderate to excellent antibacterial and antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: 4(1H)‐Quinolinones by a Tandem Reduction‐Addition‐Elimination Reaction.
Authors: Bunce Richard A. , Nammalwar Baskar
Published: March 2011

Simple and efficient syntheses of quinolinones (IV), (VI) and (VIII) are developed using an adaption of the Leimgrueber‐Batcho indole synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous Synthesis of N‐Phenyl/Alkyl‐2‐quinolinone‐3‐carboxylic Acids from Coumarin‐3‐carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Harishkumar H. N. , Hulikal Vijay Kumar , Mahadevan K. M.
Published: March 2011

The reaction can also be conducted in a sealed tube without indium catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Pyridoquinolones and Pyridocoumarins via Molecular Iodine‐Mediated 6‐endo‐dig Electrophilic Cyclization.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Ansary Inul , Samanta Srikanta , Roy Brindaban
Published: March 2011

Propargylamino‐quinolone and coumarin derivatives undergo iodocyclization under basic conditions to afford pyridoquinolones and pyridocoumarins, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Applications of Sulfur‐Substituted Indolizidines and Quinolizidines.
Authors: Chou Shang‐Shing P. , Chung Yi‐Ching , Chen Po‐An , Chiang Shan‐Lun , Wu Chien‐Jung
Published: March 2011

The title compounds are useful synthons which can be converted into various derivatives such as (V) and (XII) as well as natural products including indolizidine 209D (VIII), epimyrtine (IXb), and epi‐dendroprimine (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Triflate: A Highly Efficient Reusable Catalyst in the Synthesis of Functionalized Quinolines via Friedlander Annulation.
Authors: Lekhok Kushal C. , Bhuyan Debajyoti , Prajapati Dipak , Boruah Romesh C.
Published: March 2011

Cyclocondensation of o‐aminoaryl ketones with β‐dicarbonyl compounds proceeds smoothly in the presence of as low as 1mol% zinc triflate under solvent‐free conditions to give fused pyridine derivatives (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Alkyl and Aryl Substituted Dibenzo[b,g][1,8]naphthyridin‐5‐ones.
Authors: Manoj M. , Prasad K. J. Rajendra
Published: March 2011

Chloro(III) and methoxy quinolines (V) show different reactivity in the cyclization reaction to give the title compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Convenient Methods for the Synthesis of Indolo[3,2‐c]acridines.
Authors: Prabakaran Kumaresan , Prasad Karnam Jayarampillai Rajendra
Published: March 2011

Two different approaches to novel 13H‐indolo[3,2‐c]acridines (IV) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Pyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones via Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen (SNH).
Authors: Verhelst Tom , Verbeeck Stefan , Ryabtsova Oxana , Depraetere Stefaan , Maes Bert U. W.
Published: March 2011

Regioselective nucleophilic additions to pyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones such as (I) followed by quenching with electrophiles allow double functionalization at C‐4 and C‐5 in a single step, when a leaving group is present at C‐5 [→ (IV), (VII), (X)].
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Procedure for the Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐Containing N‐(Pyridinyl‐triazolyl)pyrimidin‐2‐amines (III)
Authors: Bonacorso Helio G. , Bortolotto Guilherme P. , Navarini Jussara , Porte Liliane M. F. , Wiethan Carson W. , Zanatta Nilo , Martins Marcos A. P. , Flores Alex F. C.
Published: March 2011

14 examples
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthesis of Phosphorylated Dioxohexahydropyrimidines from N,N′‐Dimethylurea, Activated Acetylenes, and Trialkyl Phosphites.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Nematpour Manijeh , Hossaini Zinatossadat
Published: March 2011

Title reaction proceeds under mild and neutral conditions without the need for activating agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of 11‐Aryl‐1,12‐dihydro‐11H‐naphthopyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐12‐ones.
Authors: Mkaouar Kamar , Chabchoub Fakher , Samadi Abdelouahid , Contelles Jose Louis Marco , Salem Mansour
Published: March 2011

With a view to their potential biological activity novel fused heterocycles (VII) are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Polycyclic Compounds by Ugi—Pictet—Spengler Sequence.
Authors: Wang Wei , Ollio Sarah , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Doemling Alexander
Published: March 2011

Using this method a number of biologically interesting tetra‐ and pentacyclic ring systems can be prepared in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Safe and Reliable Synthesis of Diazoketones and Quinoxalines in a Continuous Flow Reactor.
Authors: Martin Laetitia J. , Marzinzik Andreas L. , Ley Steven V. , Baxendale Ian R.
Published: March 2011

An efficient, rapid, and safe process is developed for the synthesis of diazo ketones (III) and their transformation into quinoxalines such as (V), (VII), or (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Isolation of 5,6‐Dihydro‐4H‐1,3‐oxazine Hydrobromides by Autocyclization of N‐(3‐Bromopropyl)amides.
Authors: Reddy Damodara N. , Prabhakaran Erode N.
Published: March 2011

Under neutral conditions, bromides of type (I) and (III) are able to undergo cyclization to dihydrooxazine hydrobromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Intramolecular C—H Amination Through the Metalloradical Activation of Azides: Synthesis of 1,3‐Diamines under Neutral and Nonoxidative Conditions.
Authors: Lu Hongjian , Jiang Huiling , Wojtas Lukasz , Zhang X. Peter
Published: March 2011

A wide range of sulfamoyl azides smoothly undergoes Co‐catalyzed intramolecular C—H amination to give thiadiazine derivatives, e.g. (II), (IV) or (VI), in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Ethynylpyridine Macrocycles by Oxidative Coupling of an Ethynylpyridine Trimer with Terminal Acetylenes.
Authors: Abe Hajime , Kurokawa Hiroyuki , Chida Yusuke , Inouye Masahiko
Published: March 2011

These macrocycles are potential host molecules.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unsaturated Seven‐Membered Ring Lactams Through Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination and Intramolecular Cyclocarbonylation Reactions of Amines and Baylis—Hillman Acetates.
Authors: Cao Hong , Vieira Tiago O. , Alper Howard
Published: March 2011

The method includes hydroamination of the Baylis—Hillman acetate with aromatic and aliphatic amines and consequent cyclocarbonylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular [3 + 3]‐Cycloadditions of Azides with the Nazarov Intermediate.
Authors: Scadeng Owen , Ferguson Michael J. , West F. G.
Published: March 2011

The reaction of the trisubstituted 1,4‐dien‐3‐ones with azides leads to the bridged bicyclic triazenes (III) as single diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,1‐Carboboration of 1‐Alkynes: A Conceptual Alternative to the Hydroboration Reaction.
Authors: Chen Chao , Voss Tanja , Froehlich Roland , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard
Published: March 2011

Protocols are developed to prepare (Z)‐ or (E)‐alkenylboranes exclusively using the reaction of the strongly electrophilic boranes and alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Chemoselective Nickel‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Cross‐Trimerization Between Two Distinct Terminal Alkynes and an Internal Alkyne.
Authors: Ogata Kenichi , Atsuumi Yuka , Fukuzawa Shin‐ichi
Published: March 2011

A variety of symmetrical aromatic internal alkynes and a range of terminal alkynes with functional groups such as esters, ethers, halogen, secondary, tertiary and primary alkanes can be applied.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel α‐CF3‐Trifluoroalanine Derivatives Containing N‐(Diethoxyphosphoryl)difluoroacetyl Group.
Authors: Pajkert Romana , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker
Published: March 2011

A convenient and easy route to various phosphorylated α‐CF3‐trifluoroalanine derivatives, interesting compounds that could exhibit potential biological activities or useful building blocks in the synthesis of pharmacologically important peptides, is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Synthesis of Phosphinolines from Phosphonium—Iodonium Ylides.
Authors: Matveeva Elena D. , Podrugina Tatyana A. , Taranova Marina A. , Borisenko Anatolyi A. , Mironov Andrey V. , Gleiter Rolf , Zefirov Nikolay S.
Published: March 2011

Irradiation of phosphonium—iodonium ylides with terminal alkynes results in formation of phosphinolines and/or 1,3‐cycloaddition products depending on the nature of ylide and alkyne substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Baylis—Hillman‐Derived Phosphonated 3‐(Benzylaminomethyl)coumarins.
Authors: Rashamuse Thompo J. , Klein Rosalyn , Kaye Perry T.
Published: March 2011

Phosphonate esters (V) are prepared via Arbuzov reaction as potential HIV‐1 protease inhibitors.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Enantioselective [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Epoxides to Arylisocyanates: Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Oxazolidinone Phosphonates.
Authors: Barros Maria Teresa , Faisca Phillips Ana Maria
Published: March 2011

The [3 + 2] cycloaddition of phosphonyloxirane (I) with aryl isocyanates (II) is smoothly catalyzed by SmCl3 or YbCl3 to give 5‐substituted oxazolidinone phosphonates (III) with excellent regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Mercuration of 2‐Hydroxy Nile Red and Its Application Towards Chemodosimetric Hg2+‐Selective Signaling.
Authors: Lee Haekyung , Choi Myung Gil , Yu Hyo‐Yeon , Ahn Sangdoo , Chang Suk‐Kyu
Published: March 2011

2‐Hydroxy Nile Red (I) exhibits significant chromogenic and fluorescence responses toward Hg2+ ions by selective mercuration in aqueous environments.
ChemInform Abstract: Spirocurcasone, a Diterpenoid with a Novel Carbon Skeleton from Jatropha curcas.
Authors: Chianese Giuseppina , Fattorusso Ernesto , Aiyelaagbe Olapeju O. , Luciano Paolo , Schroeder Heinz C. , Mueller Werner E. G. , Taglialatela‐Scafati Orazio
Published: March 2011

Title compound (I) is identified together with two other new diterpenoids, i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation of 2 New Naphthablin Analogues, JBIR‐79 (I) and JBIR‐80 (II), from Streptomyces sp. RI24
Authors: Izumikawa Miho , Nagai Aya , Hashimoto Junko , Takagi Motoki , Shin‐ya Kazuo
Published: March 2011

isolation, structure elucidation and radical scavenging activities
ChemInform Abstract: New Oenotheralanosterol A and B Constituents from the Oenothera biennis Roots.
Authors: Ahmad Ateeque , Ali Mohd , Tandon Sudeep
Published: March 2011

The new title compounds (I) and (II), resp., are isolated along with four known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Inositol‐Based Antagonists for the D‐myo‐Inositol 1,4,5‐Triphosphate Receptor.
Authors: Keddie Neil S. , Ye Yulin , Aslam Tashfeen , Luyten Tomas , Bello Davide , Garnham Clive , Bultynck Geert , Galione Antony , Conway Stuart J.
Published: March 2011

Compounds (Ia), (Id) act as InsP3 receptor agonists, while derivatives (Ib) and (Ic) are InsP3 antagonists.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Armepavines and (.+‐.)‐Nuciferines from (2‐Nitroethenyl)benzene Derivatives.
Authors: Chang Chia‐Fu , Huang Chu‐Yun , Huang Yu‐Chao , Lin Kuan‐Yu , Lee Yean‐Jang , Wang Chau‐Jong
Published: March 2011

The key steps in the synthesis of the title compounds (IV), (V), and (VIII) are the radical cyclization with Bu3SnH and the Pictet‐Spengler reaction under conditions A.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short Synthesis of Benzomorphane Analgesics (.+‐.)‐Metazocine and (.+‐.)‐Phenazocine.
Authors: Singh Kamal Nain , Singh Pushpinder , Sharma Arvind Kumar , Singh Paramjit , Kessar Satinder V.
Published: March 2011

A novel route to racemic metazocine (Va) and phenazocine (Vb) with overall yields of 42% and 27%, respectively, is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Dually Branched 5′‐Norcarbocyclic Adenosine Phosphonodiester Analogue as a New anti‐HIV Prodrug.
Authors: Oh Chang Hyun , Liu Lian Jin , Hong Joon Hee
Published: March 2011

Following an acyclic stereoselective route, a norcarbocyclic adenosine phosphonic acid is synthesized from 4‐hydroxybutan‐2‐one.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antioxidant Effect of Caffeic Acid Analogues Bearing a Carboxy and Hydroxymethyl Group.
Authors: Park Ju‐Young , Kim Seung‐Woo , Park Ho‐Joon , Im Weon Bin , Lee Ja‐Kyeong , Yoon Sung‐Hwa
Published: March 2011

Title compounds (I) and (II) are synthesized starting from 4‐amino‐ or 5‐iodosalicylic acid, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Antioxidant and Radical Scavenging Activities of Ascorbic Acid Derivatives Conjugated with Organogermanium.
Authors: Oh Changwon , Li Minghua , Kim Eun‐Hye , Park Jun Seok , Lee Jong‐Chan , Ham Seung Wook
Published: March 2011

L‐Ascorbic acid derivatives (I) are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Dicarboxylic Acid from the Giant Jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai.
Authors: Liu Juan , Kim Eun La , Hong Jongki , Lee Chong‐O. , Kim Euikyung , Yoon Won Duk , Li Famei , Jung Jee H.
Published: March 2011

isolation, structure and cytotoxicity of nemopilemic acid (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic Aromatic Compounds from Hericium erinaceum.
Authors: Ma Bing‐Ji , Yu Hai‐You , Shen Jin‐Wen , Ruan Yuan , Zhao Xu , Zhou Han , Wu Ting‐Ting
Published: March 2011

isolation and structure elucidation of two new aromatic compounds, hericenone I (I) and hericene D (II), with marked cytotoxic activity against EC109 cell line
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Single‐Crystalline Nanoplates by Spray Pyrolysis: A Metathesis Route to Bi2WO6.
Authors: Mann Amanda K. P. , Skrabalak Sara E.
Published: March 2011

Single‐crystalline nanoplates of the title compound are prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of an aqueous precursor dispersion containing Na2WO4 and BiCl3.
ChemInform Abstract: New Ferromagnetics Based on Manganese‐Alloyed Chalcopyrites AIIBIVC
Authors: Novotortsev V. M. , Kochura A. V. , Marenkin S. F.
Published: March 2011

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ten‐Year Perspective on Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors and Oxides
Authors: Dietl Tomasz
Published: March 2011

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Productions of Intermetallic Compound Powders by a Mechanochemical Approach: Solid—Liquid Reaction Ball Milling
Authors: Chen Ding , Jiang Yong , Cai Jian‐Guo , Chen Zhen‐Hua , Huang Pei‐Yun
Published: March 2011

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: ZnS Nanostructure Arrays: A Developing Material Star
Authors: Fang Xiaosheng , Wu Limin , Hu Linfeng
Published: March 2011

Review: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Materials and Devices for the 21st Century: Stronger, Lighter, and More Energy Efficient
Authors: Gutfleisch Oliver , Willard Matthew A. , Brueck Ekkes , Chen Christina H. , Sankar S. G. , Liu J. Ping
Published: March 2011

Review: 134 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Hydrogen Adsorption and Absorption. Part 1: Underpotential Deposition of Hydrogen
Authors: Jerkiewicz Gregory
Published: March 2011

Review: 134 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: C—F Bond Activation of Highly Fluorinated Molecules at Rhodium: From Model Reactions to Catalysis
Authors: Braun Thomas , Wehmeier Falk
Published: March 2011

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The [4 + 3]‐Cycloaddition Reaction: Heteroatom‐Substituted Allylic Cations as Dienophiles
Authors: Harmata Michael
Published: March 2011

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Applications of Ring‐Closing Metathesis in the Synthesis of Lactams and Macrolactams
Authors: Hassan Hani Mutlak A.
Published: March 2011

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oximes of Six‐Membered Heterocyclic Compounds with Two and Three Heteroatoms. Part 2. Reactions and Biological Activity
Authors: Abele E. , Abele R. , Golomba L. , Visnevska J. , Beresneva T. , Rubina K. , Lukevics E.
Published: March 2011

Review: pyridazines, pyrimidines, pyrazines, triazines etc.; 272 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Limonoid Natural Products.
Authors: Heasley Brian
Published: March 2011

Review: 156 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Centers by Geminal Disubstitution of Carbonyl Oxygens
Authors: Seebach Dieter
Published: March 2011

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Insights into Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of BcR‐Abl
Authors: Schenone S. , Bruno O. , Radi M. , Botta M.
Published: March 2011

Review: 173 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Next Ten Stories on Antiviral Drug Discovery. Part E. Advents, Advances, and Adventures
Authors: De Clercq Erik
Published: March 2011

Review: 251 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Allenes as Three‐Carbon Units in Catalytic Cycloadditions: New Opportunities with Transition‐Metal Catalysts
Authors: Lopez Fernando , Mascarenas Jose Luis
Published: March 2011

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbon—Cyano Bond Cleavage Reactions Using Organosilicon Reagents
Authors: Kita Yusuke , Tobisu Mamoru , Chatani Naoto
Published: March 2011

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Toward Ideal Arene Assembly: Catalytic C—H Bond Arylation of Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Itami Kenichiro
Published: March 2011

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Asymmetric Catalysis Based on Dinuclear Schiff Base Complexes
Authors: Shibasaki Masakatsu , Matsunaga Shigeki
Published: March 2011

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Soft Materials: Nanostructured Liquid Crystals and Self‐Assembled Fibrous Aggregates
Authors: Kato Takashi , Shoji Yoshiko , Yoshio Masafumi , Yamane Shogo , Yasuda Takuma
Published: March 2011

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Methods for Heterocycles and Carbocycles Bearing Fluorinated One‐Carbon Units (=CF2, CHF2, or CF3): Intramolecular Reaction of 2‐Trifluoromethyl‐1‐alkenes
Authors: Ichikawa Junji
Published: March 2011

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of P‐Spiro Chiral Aminophosphonium Salts as a New Class of Versatile Organic Molecular Catalyst
Authors: Uraguchi Daisuke , Ooi Takashi
Published: March 2011

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd0‐Mediated Rapid C‐[11C]Methylations and C‐[18F]Fluoromethylations: Revolutionary New Methodologies for the Synthesis of Short‐Lived PET Molecular Probes
Authors: Suzuki Masaaki , Doi Hisashi
Published: March 2011

Review: about 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Catalytic Technology in Japan. Part 2. (1994‐2009)
Authors: Muroi Takashiro , Nojiri Naohiro , Deguchi Takashi
Published: March 2011

Review: 189 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogenization of Homogeneous Catalysts on Dendrimers
Authors: Yazerski Vital A. , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M.
Published: March 2011

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Glucopyranosidic Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors That Bind at the Catalytic Site of Glycogen Phosphorylase
Authors: Gimisis T.
Published: March 2011

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Knoevenagel Reaction of Unprotected Sugars
Authors: Scherrmann Marie‐Christine
Published: March 2011

Review: 122 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exchange‐Enhanced Reactivity in Bond Activation by Metal‐Oxo Enzymes and Synthetic Reagents
Authors: Shaik Sason , Chen Hui , Janardanan Deepa
Published: March 2011

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Ensembles
Authors: Petracic O.
Published: March 2011

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Human Rhinovirus: Human‐Pathological Impact, Mechanisms of Antirhinoviral Agents, and Strategies for Their Discovery
Authors: Rollinger Judith M. , Schmidtke Michaela
Published: March 2011

Review: 359 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Current Bioactive Azole‐containing Natural Products
Authors: Fontana Gianfranco
Published: March 2011

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total (Bio)synthesis. Strategies of Nature and of Chemists
Authors: Roberts Alexandra A. , Ryan Katherine S. , Moore Bradley S. , Gulder Tobias A. M.
Published: March 2011

Review: 243 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies for the Intracellular Delivery of Nanoparticles
Authors: Chou Leo Y. T. , Ming Kevin , Chan Warren C. W.
Published: March 2011

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fukui Function and Local Softness as Reactivity Descriptors
Authors: Chandra Asit K. , Nguyen Minh Tho
Published: March 2011

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Model Studies in Catalysis
Authors: Nilius N. , Risse T. , Schauermann S. , Shaikhutdinov S. , Sterrer M. , Freund H.‐J.
Published: March 2011

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Noncovalent Organocatalysis Based on Hydrogen Bonding: Elucidation of Reaction Paths by Computational Methods
Authors: Etzenbach‐Effers Kerstin , Berkessel Albrecht
Published: March 2011

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Paramagnetic Complexes
Authors: Voronov V. K. , Ushakov I. A.
Published: March 2011

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress on Polymer‐Based Fluorescent and Colorimetric Chemosensors
Authors: Kim Ha Na , Guo Zhiqian , Zhu Weihong , Yoon Juyoung , Tian He
Published: March 2011

Review: 64 refs.
The significant effect of the choice of ionic current integration method in cardiac electro‐physiological simulations
Authors: Pathmanathan Pras , Mirams Gary R. , Southern James , Whiteley Jonathan P.
Published: March 2011

Finite element (FE) cardiac electro‐physiology solvers commonly have ionic current determined at mesh nodes but required element interiors. We consider two interpolation approaches: (i) ionic current interpolation (ICI), where nodal ionic currents are linearly interpolated into the element and (ii) state variable interpolation (SVI), where cell model state variables are interpolated instead, from which the ionic current is evaluated. We explain why SVI leads to a method which is massively more computationally demanding than ICI (more than might originally be expected), and then demonstrate that the difference in results can be surprisingly large even on what are generally considered suitably fine meshes. We explain why the conduction velocity in ICI simulations is generally too large, identify how ICI can give ‘accidentally’ accurate conduction velocities through two particular sources of error balancing, and illustrate how the difference between ICI and SVI can be huge in anisotropic problems. We also characterize the ICI/SVI difference over a range of cell models, in terms of model upstroke‐velocity and formulation of the fast sodium current. Finally, we propose and evaluate a hybrid method which provides the accuracy of SVI, while retaining the efficiency of ICI. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Macrovascular angiopathy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Giannini Cosimo , Mohn A. , Chiarelli F. , Kelnar C. J. H.
Published: March 2011

Diabetes represents one of the most common diseases globally. Worryingly, the worldwide incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is rising by 3% per year. Despite the rapid increase in diabetes incidence, recent advances in diabetes treatment have been successful in decreasing morbidity and mortality from diabetes‐related retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. In contrast, there is clear evidence for the lack of improvement in mortality for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This emphasizes the importance of focusing childhood diabetes care strategies for the prevention of CVD in adulthood. Furthermore, although most work on diabetes and macrovascular disease relates to type 2 diabetes, it has been shown that the age‐adjusted relative risk of CVD in T1D far exceeds that in type 2 diabetes. As T1D appears predominantly during childhood, those with T1D are at greater risk for coronary events early in life and require lifelong medical attention. Because of the important health effects of CVDs in children and adolescents with T1D, patients, family members, and care providers should understand the interaction of T1D and cardiovascular risk. In addition, optimal cardiac care for the patient with diabetes should focus on aggressive management of traditional cardiovascular risk factors to optimize those well‐recognized as well as new specific risk factors which are becoming available. Therefore, a complete characterization of the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of macrovascular angiopathy is needed. Furthermore, as vascular abnormalities begin as early as in childhood, potentially modifiable risk factors should be identified at an early stage of vascular disease development. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Soft” tissue patterning: Muscles and tendons of the limb take their form
Authors: Hasson Peleg
Published: March 2011

The musculoskeletal system grants our bodies a vast range of movements. Because it is mainly composed of easily identifiable components, it serves as an ideal model to study patterning of the specific tissues that make up the organ. Surprisingly, although critical for the function of the musculoskeletal system, understanding of the embryonic processes that regulate muscle and tendon patterning is very limited. The recent identification of specific markers and the reagents stemming from them has revealed some of the molecular events regulating patterning of these soft tissues. This review will focus on some of the current work, with an emphasis on the roles of the muscle connective tissue, and discuss several key points that addressing them will advance our understanding of these patterning events. Developmental Dynamics 240:1100–1107, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Foxn4 influences alveologenesis during lung development
Authors: Li Shengguo , Xiang Mengqing
Published: March 2011

The terminal stage of lung development begins with the formation of the terminal sacs followed by subdivision of these sacs by septa into numerous alveoli to maximize the gas‐exchange surface. This process requires coordinated action of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors as well as interaction of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. We show here that during murine lung development, the Foxn4 transcription factor is expressed in proximal airways by a subpopulation of postmitotic epithelial cells which are distinct from basal and ciliated cells and of which only a small fraction are Clara cells. Targeted inactivation of Foxn4 causes dilated alveoli, thinned alveolar walls, and reduced septa in the distal lung but no overt gross alterations in proximal airways. The alveolar defects in mutants may result from decreased platelet‐derived growth factor‐A (PDGFA) signaling and reduced surfactant protein B (SFTPB) expression. These data together suggest that Foxn4 may have a non–cell‐autonomous role critical for alveologenesis during lung development. Developmental Dynamics 240:1512–1517, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of the venous pole of the heart in the frog Xenopus laevis: A morphological study with special focus on the development of the venoatrial connections
Authors: Jahr Maike , Männer Jörg
Published: March 2011

The heart of lung‐breathing vertebrates normally shows an asymmetric arrangement of its venoatrial connections along the left‐right (L‐R) body axis. The systemic venous tributaries empty into the right atrium while the pulmonary venous tributaries empty into the left atrium. The ways by which this asymmetry evolves from the originally symmetrically arranged embryonic venous heart pole are poorly defined. Here we document the development of the venous heart pole in Xenopus laevis (stages 40–46). We show that, prior to the appearance of the mouth of the common pulmonary vein (MCPV), the systemic venous tributaries empty into a bilaterally symmetric chamber (sinus venosus) that is demarcated from the developing atriums by a circular ridge of tissue (sinu‐atrial ridge). A solitary MCPV appears during stage 41. From the time point of its first appearance onwards, the MCPV lies cranial to the sinu‐atrial ridge and to the left of the developing interatrial septum and body midline. L‐R lineage analysis shows that the interatrial septum and MCPV both derive from the left body half. The CPV, therefore, opens from the beginning into the future left atrium. The definitive venoatrial connections are established by the formation of a septal complex that divides the lumen of the venous heart pole into systemic and pulmonary venous flow pathways. This complex arises from the anlage of the interatrial septum and the left half of the sinu‐atrial ridge. Developmental Dynamics 240:1518–1527, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DFT Study on Alkyl‐ and Haloborylene Complexes of Manganese and Rhenium: Structure and Bonding Energy Analysis in [(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2M(BR)] and [(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2M(BX)] (M = Mn, Re; R = Me, Et, iPr, tBu; X = F, Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Pandey Krishna K. , Braunschweig Holger , Dewhurst Rian D.
Published: March 2011

Electronic, molecular structures, and bonding analysis of the terminal neutral alkylborylene and haloborylene complexes of manganese and rhenium [(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2M(BR)] and [(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2M(BX)] (M = Mn, Re; R = Me, Et, iPr, tBu; X = F, Cl, Br, I) were investigated at the DFT/BP86/TZ2P level of theory. The calculated geometry of the manganese alkylborylene complex [(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2Mn(BtBu)] is in excellent agreement with the experimentally derived structural data. Pauling bond order of the optimized structures shows that the M–B bonds in these complexes are almost M=B double bonds, which is also supported by the performed energy decomposition analysis. The orbital interactions between the metal and boron arise mainly from M←BR σ donation, while the π bonding contribution is relatively small (22.6–25.8 % of total orbital contributions). The M–B π bond orbitals are highly polarized towards the metal atom and the contributions of boron are very small. In the BX ligands, σ bonding, interaction energies, electrostatic interactions and bond dissociation energies are smaller than those in the BR ligands. The contributions of the electrostatic interactionsΔEelstat are significantly larger in all borylene complexes than the covalent bonding ΔEorb: the [M]=BR bonding in the alkylborylene and haloborylene complexes has a greater degree of ionic character (ca. 61.7 % for the complexes I–IV, ca. 65.7 % for the complexes V–VIII, 53.9–56.2 % for the complexes IX–XII and 58.5–60.4 % for the complexes XIII–XVI). The chloroborylene complexes [(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2M(BCl)] possess the highest electrostatic interactions, ΔEelstat of all haloborylene complexes [(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2M(BX)], whereas the iodoborylene complexes [(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2M(BI)] display the highest orbital interactions, ΔEorb. The dimerization of the terminal borylene complex [(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2Mn(BCl)] to [{(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2Mn}2(η:η:μ‐B2Cl2)] is a strongly exothermic process (21.04 kcal/mol below the starting monomers) and the energies are in favor of a dimerization reaction.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Structural Studies on Vanadium(V) Periodates
Authors: Hector Andrew L. , Levason William
Published: March 2011

Reactions of V2O5 or NH4VO3 with periodic acid under basic conditions followed by acidification result in precipitates of general formula M5V4I2O19(OH)·nH2O (M = Na, n = 10; M = K, n = 5; M = Rb, n = 4; M = Cs, n = 3; M = NH4, n = 11). These are amorphous, and attempts at crystallisation failed, but spectroscopic measurements and analysis show similar features and compositions throughout this series of compounds. V and I K‐edge extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra show a polymeric structure containing edge‐linked octahedral periodate and square‐pyramidal vanadyl groups.
Numerical analysis of a synthetic jet using an automated adaptive method
Authors: Chila Ronald J. , Kaminski Deborah A.
Published: March 2011

An automated adaptive remeshing methodology is applied to a synthetic jet. A set of two‐dimensional, axisymmetric, time‐dependent Computational Fluid Dynamics analyses are performed. Grid independence is achieved via successive levels of adaptive refinement using a novel methodology. The method employs adaptive remeshing, performed in an automated fashion. Adaptation criteria are based upon the undivided differences in select field variables. Sensors are placed at strategic locations within the flow field, which are used to aid in judging grid independence. The resulting analytical predictions are compared to an experimental dataset. The automated methodology yields both a verified and validated set of analysis results for the synthetic jet. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into functional oligodendrocytes
Authors: Czepiel Marcin , Balasubramaniyan Veerakumar , Schaafsma Wandert , Stancic Mirjana , Mikkers Harald , Huisman Christian , Boddeke Erik , Copray Sjef
Published: March 2011

The technology to generate autologous pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) from almost any somatic cell type has brought various cell replacement therapies within clinical research. Besides the challenge to optimize iPS protocols to appropriate safety and GMP levels, procedures need to be developed to differentiate iPS cells into specific fully differentiated and functional cell types for implantation purposes. In this article, we describe a protocol to differentiate mouse iPS cells into oligodendrocytes with the aim to investigate the feasibility of IPS stem cell‐based therapy for demyelinating disorders, such as multiple sclerosis. Our protocol results in the generation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) that can develop into mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes in‐vitro (co‐culture with DRG neurons) as well as in‐vivo (after implantation in the demyelinated corpus callosum of cuprizone‐treated mice). We report the importance of complete purification of the iPS‐derived OPC suspension to prevent the contamination with teratoma‐forming iPS cells. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.