bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An efficient transformation method for tannin-containing sorghum
Authors: Liang Yuan , Yan Xuehui , Xu Jingyi , Liu Yanlong , Xie Ke , Li Jieqin , Zhan Qiuwen
Published: March 2023

Background

Tannins are the main bottlenecks restricting the transformation efficiency of plants. Hongyingzi is a special tannin-containing sorghum cultivar used in brewing.

Methods

In this study, a highly efficient microprojectile transformation system for tannin-containing sorghum was successfully exploited using immature embryos (IEs) of Hongyingzi as explants.

Results

Hongyingzi presented two types of calli. Type II calli were found to be the most suitable and effective explants for transformation. After optimization of the geneticin (G418) concentration and tissue culture medium, an average transformation frequency of 27% was achieved. Molecular analyzis showed that all transgenic plants were positive and showed transgenes expression. The inheritance analyzis confirmed that the transgenes could be inherited into the next generation. Thus, we successfully established an efficient transformation system for tannin-containing sorghum and demonstrated the possibility of breaking the restriction imposed by tannins in plants.
Research on the Application of Computer-Aided Industrial Design and 3D Printing Technology: A Comprehensive Perspective Analysis
Authors: Kuang Yun
Published: March 2023

With the continuous development and popularization of computer-aided industrial design technology and 3D printing technology, the integration of the two is also receiving more and more attention. Starting from the basic principles and development history of computer-aided industrial design technology and 3D printing technology, this paper introduces the advantages and current situation of the integration of the two, and focuses on exploring the integration of computer-aided industrial design and 3D printing technology in product design, process analysis, and manufacturing process optimization. Finally, the development trend and future prospects of integration application are summarized.
Aesthetic Ideas in Japanese Classical Literature in the New Media Era
Authors: JIANG Xiaorong
Published: March 2023

With the rapid development of new media technology, people's reading and cultural consumption methods are also undergoing tremendous changes. However, under the background of this change, Japanese classical literature, as a traditional cultural form, still has rich aesthetic concepts and cultural values. From the perspective of aesthetics, this article discusses the aesthetic concepts in Japanese classical literature in the new media era, aiming to reveal its inspiration and value to contemporary culture.
Research on the High-Quality Development of Approach to the Sea Economy
Authors: Hua OU-YANG
Published: March 2023

Marine economy is one of the important strategic directions of national development. In recent years, the high-quality development of my country's marine economy has made remarkable achievements, but at the same time it is also facing many problems. This paper takes the high-quality development of Xianghai economy as the research object, analyzes its development status and existing problems, and proposes corresponding solutions. Specifically, this paper discusses issues such as the development and utilization of marine resources, environmental protection, and industrial upgrading, and puts forward suggestions such as strengthening scientific and technological innovation, strengthening industrial cooperation, and promoting the construction of marine law, in order to provide reference for the high-quality development of my country's seaward economy.
Implementation of Efficiency Tracking and Evaluation Algorithm for Agricultural Product Circulation Based on Radio Frequency Data Tags and Android Platform
Authors: Na ZHOU , Liming CHEN
Published: March 2023

The article believes that the circulation efficiency of agricultural products, especially the efficiency of the circulation system of agricultural products, is the ratio of circulation output to circulation cost in the process of circulation of agricultural products. The circulation efficiency of agricultural products cannot be measured by a single indicator. The article argues that the PCA-DEA combination evaluation model can be constructed by using the market integration degree, market concentration degree, technical efficiency, consumer satisfaction, circulation spread, transaction costs, and using the principal component weight constraint cone to objectively assign DEA values. At the same time, it is necessary to develop a circulation mode of agricultural products led by leading enterprises, promote the intensive processing of agricultural products, and improve the circulation efficiency.
Research on the Development Trend of Basic Medicine Teaching in Medical and Education Coordination Models
Authors: Yanli Tian
Published: March 2023

Basic medicine is the foundation of medical education and plays a crucial role in the cultivation of high-quality medical talents. With the development of medical education and the advancement of new medical technologies, the teaching mode of basic medicine has also undergone significant changes. This paper analyzes the development trend of basic medicine teaching in the medical and teaching coordination models, including the integration of basic medicine courses, the application of new teaching methods, and the promotion of student-centered education. Based on the analysis of current research, this paper proposes several suggestions to improve the teaching quality of basic medicine in medical and teaching coordination models.
Assessment of the Effect of Ginger Flour Addition on the Chemical and Storage Stability of Soymilk
Authors: Lemnyuy Lukong Elsie , Eke Mike Ojotu , Adie Peter Agorye , Bongjo Ndi Betrand
Published: March 2023

This study evaluated the effect of adding ginger flour on the storage stability of soymilk. Fresh ginger rhizome was processed to flour by oven drying (OD), sun drying (SD) and ambient drying (AD).The ginger flour were incorporated into processed soymilk at 1 g and 2 g levels, respectively to obtain ginger spiced soymilk, which was stored for 21 days. The chemical composition and microbiological load of the soymilk were determined. The pH ranged from 6.6 to 4.7. The values decreased as storage time progressed. Total titratable acidity (TTA) ranged from 0.0015 to 0.0698 % and increased with storage time. Total soluble solids (TSS) decreased from 26.60 to 3.99 oBrix as storage time increased. Total solids (TS) decreased from 7.76 to 0.31 % during storage. The total viable counts of the control sample increased from 4.0×103 to 71×103cfu/mL while those of the treated samples increased from 0 to 33×103 cfu/mL, Coliform was not detected. Yeast and mould growth did not occur from day 0 to day 7 but increased from 2.0×103 to 5.0×103 cfu/mL on day 14 and 21, respectively. The highest microbial load was obtained in the control soymilk sample. Two grams of ginger flour preserved the soymilk better than one gram. As conclusion, the incorporation of ginger flour affected the chemical composition and microbial load of soymilk during storage at refrigeration conditions.
Educational Program Based on Virtual Environments to Improve Learning in the Physical Education Area
Authors: Quiroz – Barboza Juan Antonio
Published: March 2023

The objective of this research was to identify the levels of training in physical education, design proposals for implementation in knowledgeable virtual classrooms and improve learning based on virtual environments, validate the program and determine the technical, human and economic needs. The methodology used is descriptive and proactive. Because the planning of the virtual environment allows the planning, organization, registration and certification of the evidence requested by the students, the instrument is powerful, highly adaptable and tolerable, which allows teachers to suggest complex diagnoses. Type of research was basic. Results evidenced that 34% of the students interviewed take the EVA-based program negatively, due to connectivity, lack of interest in attending virtual classes and studying, because they are used to the presence of a teacher. 10% of students do not give importance to the proposal of an EVA program.

It is concluded that Google Classroom is a secure and easy-to-use tool that helps educators manage, measure, and improve the teaching experience.
Inclusive and Healthy Urban Environment in the Global South: Definition, Characteristics and Benefits
Authors: Adeboyejo Boluwaduro C. , Kure Miracle H. , Onamade Akintunde O. , Gbolade Oreoluwa O. , Archibong Sharon E. J.
Published: March 2023

The power that develops when communities define their urban planning agendas is now becoming more and more evident, and community-led development may offer long-lasting upgrades to metropolitan areas. A city's social and physical environment can either enable or hinder its residents' well-being and ability to become independent whereas there are still wide gaps between understanding the inclusive urban environment and a healthy environment. There remains an overwhelming reality of alienation of the users from their environment. The term inclusive cities are widely used to refer to the inclusion of marginalized communities – slum dwellers, migrants, minority groups, women or young people – in urban processes. This paper aimed at defining an inclusive and healthy urban environment in the global south, its benefits, and its characteristics to redefine the community. An empirical article review was conducted to establish the concepts.  Findings from the reviews show different indicators of urban environment exclusion and drivers of inclusivity concepts. It is therefore concluded that for urban sustainability, each community should be given priority for an inclusive healthy urban environment. Stakeholders of the global south should therefore provide policies and implement programs for total inclusiveness.
Knowledge, Atitude and Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccine among Undergradute Students in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Bademosi T. A. , Sokolo J. E. , Austin-Asomeji I. , Pius O. M. , Iyalla C. N.
Published: March 2023

Aim: The study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude, and uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among undergraduate students in a tertiary institution in Southern Nigeria.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: Rivers State University, June, 2022

Method: A validated self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on the knowledge, attitude, and uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among 410 undergraduate students. The data collected was analyzed with the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) v25 software at a 95% confidence interval.

Results: The study showed that only 16.5% of the students indicated willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine, while 95.1% had a good knowledge of COVID-19. It was also observed that 75.1% of the students had good knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine, while only 50.7% of the students had good/positive attitude to the COVID-19 vaccine and 49.3% of the students had a poor attitude to the COVID-19 vaccine. Regression analysis showed that Male gender was 1.5 times (95% C.I; 0.8 – 2.6) more likely to take the vaccine, while persons that had a comfortable income level were 1.6 times (95% C.I; 0.9 – 2.7) more likely to take the vaccine. It was also observed that good knowledge of COVID-19 was significantly associated with the willingness to take the vaccine (Chi-square = 6.80, p = 0.009). The findings of the study showed that the high level of good knowledge of COVID-19 did not correspond with the willingness to take the vaccine among the students.

Conclusion: The poor attitude towards the vaccine is relatively high among the students, making it imperative for an improved awareness on the vaccine safety and efficacy among undergraduate students to improve vaccine coverage and reach some sort of herd immunity for the COVID-19 viral infection in the country
Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Proximate Composition of Fruit of False Yam (Icacina senegalensis) and African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum)
Authors: Ekwealor Kenneth U. , Iroka Chisom F. , Nwaogaranya Uche P. , Ikegbunam Clara N. , Njom Victor S.
Published: March 2023

The biochemical composition of the seed, fruit-pulp and fruit-skin of false yam and African star apple was carried out in this study using standard techniques. The result of the mean phytochemical composition of Icacina senegalensis and Chrysophyllum albidum fruits revealed higher composition of tannin in the pulp, seed of I. senegalensis, while alkaloid and flavonoid was higher in composition in the pulp (24.22±0.141mg/100g and 16.53±0.021mg/100g), seed (25.35± 0.021mg/100g and 18.27±0.014mg/100g)and bark (24.62±0.085mg/100g and 16.94± 0.035 mg/100g) of Chrysophyllum albidum. The results were significantly different at p<0.05. The result of the percentage proximate composition of Icacina senegalensis and Chrysophyllum albidum fruits revealed higher percentage composition of carbohydrate in the pulp (51.52±0.127% and 57.02±0.141%), seed (52.42±0.085% and 56.1±0.198%) and bark (54.89±0.092% and 58.02±0.113%) of I. senegalensis and C. albidum. The result revealed high percentage composition of fat in the pulp (26.33±0.028% and 9.63±0.028%), seed (25.69±0.014% and 10.24±0.035%) and bark (23.14±0.028% and 9.28±0.071%) of I. senegalensis and C. albidum respectively.  Moisture content was also high in the pulp (12.37±0.014% and 8.35±0.042%), seed (11.45±0.021% and 7.36±0.042%) and bark (11.13±0.014% and 5.23±0.028%) of I. senegalensis and C. albidum respectively. The result of the mean mineral composition of Icacina senegalensis and Chrysophyllum albidum fruits revealed high composition of calcium in the pulp, seed and bark of I. senegalensis and C. albidum respectively. The result also revealed high composition of magnesium in the pulp, seed and bark of I. senegalensis and C. albidum.  The results from this work suggest that Icacina senegalensis and Chrysophyllum albidum may find their use in food/feed formulation/supplementation as well as nutraceutical/medicinal and industrial uses.
Episoden, Figuren - the Concept of Musical and Instrumental Theater
Authors: Pescada Gonçalo André Dias
Published: March 2023

The combination of scenic action and music, called "musical theatre", corresponds to a technique previously used in the History of Music by composers such as Satie and Debussy. In turn, the concept of "instrumental theatre" emerges as a concept where musicians assume the role of actors while playing. In this field, Mauricio Kagel assumes himself as one of the composers who most explored the aspects of staging allied to musical performance, attributing to the interpreter also actor functions, such as: adopting certain facial expressions while playing, entering the stage in a particular way, interact physically with other artists, among others. The research method used in this article it was based on analysis and performance of the work Episoden Figuren, through the audition, experience and observation with others interpreters and musicians and colleting relevant literature to understand the composer points of view.
Impact of Agro-Meteorological Advisory Services in Wheat Crop of Kushinagar District in Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Pradhan Swati Swayamprabha , Verma Sudhanshu , Pooja
Published: March 2023

A study was conducted in April 2020 to assess the impact and usefulness of agrometeorological Advisory Services in increasing the production of wheat crops under DAMU KVK, Kushinagar. The two villages were selected for this study, and two groups of farmers were selected, namely, a group adopting the agrometeorological Advisories (50 farmers), regularly in their operations (AAS Farmers), and another group of farmers not aware of the agrometeorological Advisories (Non AAS Farmers) during the rabi season. The data were recorded from both the farmer groups, particularly on crop expenditure incurred by the farmers from land preparation to harvest at every stage, and crop growth and yields were observed regularly. The impact assessment was based on feedback that indicated a significant impact in terms of the use of the agrometeorological Advisory Service by farmers. The assessment study indicated that the farmers who adopted agrometeorological advisory services on a real time basis obtained a 28% higher net return in wheat crops compared to Non-AAS farmers who benefited from timely agricultural operations, timely rainfall forecasting, recommended doses of fertilisers, efficient irrigation management, and standard plant protection majors in a required base manner during the crop growing period, as advised in biweekly bulletins. AAS farmers benefited from the timely application of fertilizers, timely and accurate weather forecasting, and timely agricultural operations to obtain a better yield in wheat crop as compared to Non-AAS farmers. Agrometeorological Advisory Services (AAS) might be used to be helpful to the farmers in managing changing weather, resulting in decreased input costs in agriculture and profitable agricultural production by adopting of weather based agrometeorological Advisory.
Impact of Land Capability Classes and Land Use on Properties and Erodibility Behaviour of Soil of Ghatampur Watershed
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Gupta Ved Prakash , Chaudhary Santosh Kumar
Published: March 2023

The study was carried out in Ghatampur Watershed district Kanpur under National Watershed Development Project Area. The soils of Ghatampur watershed region are erodible in nature. Soil erodibility increased from land use capability class II to VI in the project area. Fallow land is most erodible followed by Rangeland, woodlots, cultivated land while orchard & grooves lands are erodible on the basis of water stable aggregates, dispersion and erosion ratio as principal indices of erodibility, soil under various land use capability classes may be arranged in the order of class VI > class V > class III > class II. The erodibility of soil under different present land use was found in the order Fallow land > Rangeland > Wood lots > Cultivated land > Orchard & grooves land, Erosion ratio was significantly and negatively correlated with clay (r = -0.920***) moisture equivalent (r= -0.669), water holding capacity (r=-0.685**), water stable aggregate (r=- 0.834***), organic carbon (r=-0.780***) and clay/moisture equivalent ratio (r=- 0.660***) but a positive correlation was recorded with sand (r-0.777***), Bulk density (r=0.709**), easily dispersible silt+clay (r= 0.888***), clay ratio (r=0.745***),dispersion ratio (r= 0.908***), Erosion index (r=0.432**),the correlation between erosion ratio and silt (r=-0.432**) was recorded to be negative but significant. Among various land use capability classes, soil erodibility decreased substantially with increasing clay content but increased with increasing advancing capability class and fallow land use. Soil of Ghatampur watershed area in erodible nature and require warrant and prompt attention for implementing intensive soil conservation measures in the entire watershed in order to subside the havoc of soil erosion within safe limits because adapted soil conservation measure variably effective to control the erosion.
Diversity of Cyanobacteria and Microalgae in the Shallow Mountain Lake Paučko, Konjuh Mountain
Authors: Kamberović Jasmina , Huseinović Samira , Bektić Sanida , Selimović Samela , Murathodžić Adisa Skejić
Published: March 2023

Shallow mountain lakes are highly sensitive to eutrophication. Cyanobacteria and microalgae in planktonic communities are the main producers in lake ecosystems, but stability of its communities is impacted by numerous factors. The aim of this study is to analyze seasonal diversity and community structure of cyanobacteria and microalgae in plankton and periphyton of the lake Paučko, physical and chemical properties of water and evaluate trophic status. The mountain lake Paučko is the shallow natural lake in Protected landscape Konjuh in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sampling of net – phytoplankton, periphyton and water for physical and chemical analysis was caried in two seasons in 2018. Light microscopes and immersion objective (magnification 1000x) were used for the identification and quantification of microalgae. Non metric multimensional scaling and Simper analysis were used to describe communities in periphytic and planktic samples. In total, 70 taxa were identified. The most numerous were Bacillariophyta with 52, and Chlorophyta with 7 taxa. Seasonal dynamics in plankton communities were observed in the direction of shift of abundant Cyclotella meneghiniana, Dinobryon divergens, Peridinum cinctum and Ankistrodesmus fusiformus in spring season to Rabdoderma lineare and Pantocsekiella comensis in summer sampling season. Physical and chemical analysis of water revealed high values of total phosphorus, which correspond to the evaluated meso to eutrophic status of the lake calculated by Rott Trophic Index. The lake Paučko is under high pressure caused by the influx and retention of nutrients, which makes it susceptible to eutrophication. The results of the study provide the first insight into the diversity of cyanobacteria and microalgae for this lake and can be useful in planning of restoration measures in the context of ecological monitoring.
Influence of Phosphorus and Potassium in Combination with Biofertilizers on Growth of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]
Authors: Lone Yasser Hussain , Sultan Tariq , Saad A. A. , Ahngar Tanveer Ahmad , Baba Z. A. , Sheikh Mohmmad Aasif , Shah Ishfaq Majeed , Bashir Moneesa , Mir Mohammad Salim , Rashid Sheikh Danish , Faisul-Ur-Rasool  , Bashir Sabiya
Published: March 2023

During the kharif season of 2018, a field experiment titled "Influence of phosphorus and potassium in combination with biofertilizers on growth of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]" was carried out at the crop research farm of the Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir. The soil in the experimental field had the texture of clay loam, was neutral in reaction (pH 6.9), had low available nitrogen, low available phosphorus, medium available potassium, and medium organic carbon. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) design with nine treatments and three replications. The results of the experiment revealed that growth of the crop was significantly influenced by different treatments and Among various treatments, application of RDF (30 N, 60 P2O5, 30 K2O) kg ha-1+ seed inoculation with Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) + Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria (KSB) significantly recorded maximum plant height (86.18 cm), leaf area index (3.62), dry matter production (16.20 q ha-1) and it also significantly increased the number of effective root nodules per plant of cowpea.
The newborn hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit and bed positioning: systematic review / O recém-nascido hospitalizado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal e o posicionamento no leito
Authors: Zwirtes Tcheice Laís , Renner Jacinta Sidegum , Santos Christian Caldeira
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: identificar quais os posicionamentos e produtos auxiliares mais indicados para o recém-nascido hospitalizado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Método: caracteriza-se como básica, de caráter exploratório e quanto aos procedimentos técnicos é uma revisão sistemática da literatura. A busca teve como bases a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Plataforma Capes e Unique, limitando as publicações realizadas entre 2011 e 2021. Obteve-se 85 resultados, sendo a análise e discussão dos dados realizada com 7 estudos. Resultados: verificou-se que existem diversos posicionamentos que podem ser utilizados nesses pacientes, como os decúbitos dorsal, ventral e lateral, sendo o ventral o mais indicado. Ademais, identificaram-se diversos produtos que podem ser utilizados para auxiliar no posicionamento dos recém-nascidos e que podem facilitar os cuidados de enfermagem. Considerações finais: observou-se que poucos estudos trouxeram um padrão e/ou um método de posicionamento vinculado com os produtos auxiliares.
Consistency of Physician Data Across Health Insurer Directories
Authors: Butala Neel M. , Jiwani Kuldeep , Bucholz Emily M.
Published: March 2023

This study assesses the consistency of information across publicly available physician directories from 5 large national health insurers.
Medicare Advantage Enrollment Among Beneficiaries With End-Stage Renal Disease in the First Year of the 21st Century Cures Act
Authors: Nguyen Kevin H. , Oh Eunhae G. , Meyers David J. , Kim Daeho , Mehrotra Rajnish , Trivedi Amal N.
Published: March 2023

Importance

Before 2021, most Medicare beneficiaries with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were unable to enroll in private Medicare Advantage (MA) plans. The 21st Century Cures Act permitted these beneficiaries to enroll in MA plans effective January 2021.

Objective

To examine changes in MA enrollment among Medicare beneficiaries with ESRD after enactment of the 21st Century Cures Act overall and by race or ethnicity and dual-eligible status.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional time-trend study used data from Medicare beneficiaries with ESRD (both kidney transplant recipients and those undergoing dialysis) between January 2019 and December 2021. Data were analyzed between June and October 2022.

Exposures

21st Century Cures Act.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcomes were the proportion of Medicare beneficiaries with prevalent ESRD who switched from traditional Medicare to MA between 2020 and 2021 and those with incident ESRD who newly enrolled in MA in 2021. Individuals who stayed in traditional Medicare were enrolled in 2020 and 2021 and those who switched to MA were enrolled in traditional Medicare in 2020 and MA in 2021.

Results

Among 575 797 beneficiaries with ESRD in 2020 or 2021 (mean [SD] age, 64.7 [14.2] years, 42.2% female, 34.0% Black, and 7.7% Hispanic or Latino), the proportion of beneficiaries enrolled in MA increased from 24.8% (December 2020) to 37.4% (December 2021), a relative change of 50.8%. The largest relative increases in MA enrollment were among Black (72.8% relative increase), Hispanic (44.8%), and dual-eligible beneficiaries with ESRD (73.6%). Among 359 617 beneficiaries with TM and prevalent ESRD in 2020, 17.6% switched to MA in 2021. Compared with individuals who stayed in traditional Medicare, those who switched to MA had modestly more chronic conditions (6.3 vs 6.1; difference, 0.12 conditions [95% CI, 0.10-0.16]) and similar nondrug spending in 2020 (difference, $509 [95% CI, −$58 to $1075]) but were more likely to be Black (difference, 19.5 percentage points [95% CI, 19.1-19.9]) and have dual Medicare-Medicaid eligibility (difference, 20.8 percentage points [95% CI, 20.4-21.2]). Among beneficiaries who were newly eligible for Medicare ESRD benefits in 2021, 35.2% enrolled in MA.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results suggest that increases in MA enrollment among Medicare beneficiaries with ESRD were substantial the first year after the 21st Century Cures Act, particularly among Black, Hispanic, and dual-eligible individuals. Policy makers and MA plans may need to assess network adequacy, disenrollment, and equity of care for beneficiaries who enrolled in MA.
It's a two‐way street: Photoswitching and reversible changes of the protein matrix in photoswitchable fluorescent proteins and bacteriophytochromes
Authors: Rodrigues Elsa C. , Stiel Andre C.
Published: March 2023

Chromophore‐bearing proteins that are (reversibly) altered after light illumination are major functional components of nature. They gained considerable attention in the last decades since the dynamic interactions of the chromophore and protein matrix can be used to control downstream effects altering the functionality of proteins, cells, or complete organisms with light (optogenetics). Additionally, the photophysical effects can be employed to add capabilities to optical imaging. For example, light can be used to reversibly switch the signal on or off (e.g., fluorescence). In this article, we review chromophore and protein matrix interactions, focusing on photoswitching fluorescent proteins of the GFP family (RSFPs) and natively photoswitching bacteriophytochromes (BphPs). This review aims to provide an in‐depth understanding of the dynamic interplay between photoswitching photophysics and the protein matrix and a thorough discussion on how this connection has been harnessed for the development of optogenetic and imaging tools.
Ascent adaptive energy management method for solid rocket‐powered hypersonic vehicle under uncertainties
Authors: Fu Wenzhe , Liu Lei , Wang Bo , Cheng Zhongtao , Wang Yongji
Published: March 2023

The solid rocket booster is widely used in the launch mission for hypersonic vehicles nowadays, whose ascent energy management is still a challenging problem due to the inherent dynamic nonlinearity. This paper casts the problem into an equivalent ascent guidance one and proposes a model predictive static programming (MPSP) based solution. The MPSP‐based method is a computationally efficient solver that adapts to different energy demands while guaranteeing the satisfaction of terminal constraints. To further improve the performance of MPSP in this problem, a Bézier spline guidance method is proposed to generate high‐quality reference trajectories such that the MPSP can converge with high accuracy while satisfying the real‐time requirement. Additionally, an online parameter estimation based on the extended Kalman filter is employed to avoid large terminal state deviations incurred by parametric uncertainties during the Bézier curve computation and linearization in MPSP. Numerical simulations with different hard terminal constraints and uncertainties are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can guide the hypersonic vehicle to a given terminal state under uncertainties and outperforms several existing ascent energy management methods.
Epitaxial Growth and Stray Grain Control toward Single‐Crystal Metallic Materials by Additive Manufacturing: A Review
Authors: Liu Yang , Shi Jing
Published: March 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) possesses tremendous potential in controlling epitaxial growth of deposited materials, and thus attempts have been made to employ AM technology to fabricate or repair single‐crystal (SX) metal parts in recent years. One of the key issues in producing SX structures is the elimination of stray grain (SG) formation, but the layer‐wise fabrication nature of AM processes makes SGs difficult to avoid. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art developments in this emerging research area are surveyed. It introduces the fundamental mechanisms of epitaxial growth in AM, summarizes the recent innovations and findings on using AM techniques to assist epitaxial growth and avoid SGs for SX metallic materials, discusses the relation of stray‐grain avoidance and crack‐free microstructure, and reviews the analytical and numerical modeling efforts for epitaxial growth and texture control. In addition, the challenges in achieving defect‐free SX microstructure are discussed, such that future research directions are pointed out. It is believed that this critical review provides insights on microstructure control for AM‐produced metallic materials and lays a solid foundation to stimulate more rigorous research.
Biogenic Straw Aerogel Thermal Insulation Materials
Authors: Jadhav Porus Sunil , Sarkar Arpita , Pasupathy Saikiran , Ren Shenqiang
Published: March 2023

Biogenic wheat straw is a carbon‐storing building insulation material. However, the enzymatic hydrolysis ratio of its cellulose is relatively low due to the presence of hemicellulose and lignin hindering its thermal insulation performance. Herein, aerogel and straw composites are reported with thermal conductivity of 35 mW m−1 K−1, while high‐cellulose fiber conversion in straw is obtained using a hybrid mechanical and chemical process. Furthermore, it is shown that the in situ cellulose‐reinforced silica aerogel nanocomposites exhibit an optimal thermal conductivity of 32 mW m−1 K−1 using 50 wt% of aerogel. Moreover, the hydrophobic aerogel–cellulose composites show a low density, high porosity (90%), high compression modulus (1.9 MPa), superhydrophobicity, and superior reusability. Herein, a cost‐effective and facile method to manufacture biogenic composites from agriculture waste materials, promising for carbon‐sequestration building insulation applications is provided.
A General Method for the Large‐Scale Preparation of Multifunctional Magnetic Sm‐Fe/Co Nanomaterials
Authors: Ma Zhenhui , Liu Hu , Luo Zhikun
Published: March 2023

A general method is reported to prepare single crystal Sm‐Fe/Co nanoparticles (NPs) on a tens of grams scale without Ca‐reduction process. The preparation starts with the fabrication of size‐controllable SmH2 NPs via evaporation‐condensation route, and then Co NPs produced from solvothermal approach are assembled with SmH2 to form SmH2/Co nanocomposites, which are directly annealed at 700 °C for 1.5 h, yielding 160 ± 15 nm SmCo5 single crystal NPs. Compared with conventional Ca‐reduction process, the method allows more low annealing temperature, and avoids the employment of Ca and the corresponding water washing process, leading to the stable SmCo5 NPs without obvious oxidation. The SmCo5 NPs show a large coercivity of 35.4 kOe and high saturated magnetic moment of 86.2 emu g−1. Furthermore, the method is extended to synthesize Sm2Fe17 NPs, which exhibits good electromagnetic wave absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss of −45.2 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth of 5.61 GHz (9.22–14.83 GHz) at 1.2 mm. More importantly, the method is very suitable to large‐scale synthesis. One synthesis can generate ≈ 42.25 g of SmCo5 or 43.30 g of Sm2Fe17 NPs, which demonstrates a promising novel strategy to scale up preparation of RE‐Co/Fe NPs for multifunction magnetic applications.
Silk Fibroin and Sericin Differentially Potentiate the Paracrine and Regenerative Functions of Stem Cells Through Multiomics Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Sheng Renwang , Chen Jialin , Wang Hongmei , Zhu Yue , Cao Zhicheng , Zhao Xinyi , Wang Zhimei , Liu Chuanquan , Chen Zhixuan , Zhang Po , Kuang Baian , Zheng Haotian , Shen Chuanlai , Yao Qingqiang , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2023

Silk fibroin (SF) and sericin (SS), the two major proteins of silk, are attractive biomaterials with great potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, their biochemical interactions with stem cells remain unclear. In this study, multiomics are employed to obtain a global view of the cellular processes and pathways of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) triggered by SF and SS to discern cell–biomaterial interactions at an in‐depth, high‐throughput molecular level. Integrated RNA sequencing and proteomic analysis confirm that SF and SS initiate widespread but distinct cellular responses and potentiate the paracrine functions of MSCs that regulate extracellular matrix deposition, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation through differentially activating the integrin/PI3K/Akt and glycolysis signaling pathways. These paracrine signals of MSCs stimulated by SF and SS effectively improve skin regeneration by regulating the behavior of multiple resident cells (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages) in the skin wound microenvironment. Compared to SS, SF exhibits better immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo, indicating its greater potential as a carrier material of MSCs for skin regeneration. This study provides comprehensive and reliable insights into the cellular interactions with SF and SS, enabling the future development of silk‐based therapeutics for tissue engineering and stem cell therapy.
Coordination Chemistry of Large‐Sized Yttrium Single‐Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Ji Bifa , Gou Jiali , Zheng Yongping , Pu Xiuhao , Wang Yehai , Kidkhunthod Pinit , Tang Yongbing
Published: March 2023

Although being transition metals, the Fenton‐inactive group 3–4 elements (Sc, Y, La, Ti, Zr, and Hf) can easily lose all the outermost s and d electrons, leaving behind ionic sites with nearly empty outermost orbitals that are stable but inactive for oxygen involved catalysis. Here, it is demonstrated that the dynamic coordination network can turn these commonly inactive ionic sites into platinum‐like catalytic centers for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Using density functional theory calculations, a macrocyclic ligand coordinated yttrium single‐atom (YN4) moiety is identified, which is originally ORR inactive because of the too strong binding of hydroxyl intermediate, while it can be activated by an axial ligand X through the covalency competition between YX and YOH bonds. Strikingly, it is also found that the binding force of the axially coordinated ligand is an effective descriptor, and the chlorine ligand is screened out with an optimal binding force that behaves self‐adaptively to facilitate each ORR intermediate steps by dynamically changing its YCl covalency. These experiments validate that the as‐designed YN4‐Cl moieties embedded within the carbon framework exhibit a high half‐wave potential (E1/2 = 0.85 V) in alkaline media, the same as that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst .
Thermally Latent Bases in Dynamic Covalent Polymer Networks and their Emerging Applications
Authors: Reisinger David , Kriehuber Matthias Udo , Bender Marcel , Bautista‐Anguís Daniel , Rieger Bernhard , Schlögl Sandra
Published: March 2023

A novel strategy allowing temporal control of dynamic bond exchange in covalently crosslinked polymer networks via latent transesterification catalysts is introduced. Obtained by a straightforward air‐ and water‐tolerant synthesis, the latent catalyst is designed for an irreversible temperature‐mediated release of a strong organic base. Its long‐term inactivity at temperatures below 50 °C provides the unique opportunity to equip dynamic covalent networks with creep resistance and high bond‐exchange rates, once activated. The presented thermally latent base catalyst is conveniently introducible in readily available building blocks and, as proof of concept, applied in a radically polymerized thiol–ene network. Light‐mediated curing is used for 3D‐printing functional objects, on which the possibility of spatially controlled reshaping and welding based on dynamic transesterification is illustrated. Since the catalyst is thermally activated, limitations regarding sample geometry and optical transparency do not apply, which facilitates a transfer to well‐established industrial technologies. Consequently, fiber‐reinforced and highly filled magneto‐active thiol–ene polymer composites are fabricated by a thermal curing approach. The on‐demand activation of dynamic transesterification is demonstrated by (magneto‐assisted) reshaping experiments, highlighting a wide range of potential future applications offered by the presented concept.
Highlighting the Rich Chemistry of the Allenone Moiety
Authors: Alonso José M. , Almendros Pedro
Published: March 2023

Conjugated and non‐conjugated allenones appear as recurring motifs in organic synthesis, natural products and mechanistic investigations showing unique properties and applications. The ability of allenones to build cycles has provided a direct access to strained systems, medium‐sized rings, arenes, heterocycles and complex polycycles. In addition, allenones have served as models in mechanistic investigations and catalysis. The critic compilation herein presented will provide an exhaustive overview of the synthetic possibilities allenones may offer, which certainly will inspire our community in their search of more efficient synthetic methodologies, preparation of biological and pharmaceutical targets, and improve our knowledge in theoretical organic chemistry. Great part of this review will discuss synthetic aspects, catalysis innovation and mechanistic insights of the chemical transformations implying the allenone motif. In addition, many examples on total synthesis and pharmacologically active compounds will be described. We hope that this overview will be attractive to the organic chemistry, synthetic chemistry, catalysis, theoretical chemistry, natural products and medicinal chemistry communities.

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Ohio grain crop response to sulfur fertilization
Authors: Fleuridor Louceline , Fulford Anthony , Lindsey Laura E. , Lentz Ed , Watters Harold , Dorrance Anne , Minyo Richard , Richer Erich , Chaganti Vijayasatya , Subburayalu Sakthi , Culman Steven W.
Published: March 2023

Continuous declines in atmospheric sulfur (S) deposition along with increased S removal rates with crop harvest has the potential to lead to S deficiency in Ohio field crops. As a result, S fertilization has become more common over the past decade. However, the extent of S deficiency is unknown, as inherent soil properties and management practices influence S availability and uptake. We conducted 96 replicated trials, from 2013 to 2021 to (1) examine the response of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr], and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to S application on a wide range of Ohio soils and differing management practices and (2) determine the ability of Mehlich‐3 extractable S in soil, leaf S, and grain S concentrations to predict grain yield response to S fertilizer. Our results showed limited grain yield increases to S fertilization with an overall response rate of 7.3% (4 of 50 corn trials, 3 of 34 soybean trials, and 0 of 12 wheat trials). Sulfur fertilization increased leaf and grain S concentrations by 19.4% and 12% in corn, by 22.2% and 7.7% in soybean, and by 41.7% and 0% in wheat, respectively. These increases in leaf or grain S concentrations were not directly related to yield responses. Diagnostic tools of Mehlich‐3 soil S, leaf S, and grain S concentrations failed to predict yield response to S. We conclude that S deficiency is not widespread in Ohio soils and that optimizing grain crop production does not currently require S fertilization.
A High‐Performance n‐Type Thermoelectric Polymer from C−H/C−H Oxidative Direct Arylation Polycondensation
Authors: Shi Yibo , Zhang Xuwen , Du Tian , Han Yang , Deng Yunfeng , Geng Yanhou
Published: March 2023

n‐Type conjugated polymers (CPs) are crucial in the applications of organic electronics. Direct coupling of electron‐deficient C−H monomer via selective C−H activation, namely C−H/C−H oxidative direct arylation polycondensation (Oxi‐DArP), is an ideal approach toward such CPs. Herein, Oxi‐DArP is firstly adopted to synthesize a high‐performance n‐type CP using a newly developed monomer, i.e., 3,6‐di(thiazol‐5‐yl)‐diketopyrrolopyrrole (Tz‐5‐DPP). Tz‐5‐DPP based homopolymer PTz‐5‐DPP with a molecular weight of 22 kDa has been synthesized via Oxi‐DArP. After n‐doping, PTz‐5‐DPP films exhibited electric conductivity values up to 8 S cm−1 and power factors (PFs) up to 106 μW m−1 K−2. Notably, this PF value is the highest for n‐type polymer thermoelectric materials to date. The Oxi‐DArP synthesis and the excellent n‐type performance of the polymer make this work an important step toward the straightforward and sustainable preparation of high‐performance n‐type polymer semiconductors.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Orthorhombic Sn3O4 Polymorph
Authors: Liu Yang‐Shin , Yamaguchi Akira , Yang Yue , Aisnada An Niza El , Uchida Sho , Abe Hideki , Ueda Shigenori , Yamaguchi Kenji , Tanabe Toyokazu , Miyauchi Masahiro
Published: March 2023

An unexplored tin oxide crystal phase (Sn3O4) was experimentally synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. After tuning the often‐neglected parameters for the hydrothermal synthesis, namely the degree of filling of the precursor solution and the gas composition in the reactor head space, an unreported X‐ray diffraction pattern was discovered. Through various characterization studies, such as Rietveld analysis, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and first‐principles calculations, this novel material was characterized as orthorhombic mixed‐valence tin oxide with the composition SnII2SnIVO4. This orthorhombic tin oxide is a new polymorph of Sn3O4, which differs from the reported conventional monoclinic structure. Computational and experimental analyses showed that orthorhombic Sn3O4 has a smaller band gap (2.0 eV), enabling greater absorption of visible light. This study is expected to improve the accuracy of hydrothermal synthesis and aid the discovery of new oxide materials.
Protein‐based Nanoparticles: From Drug Delivery to Imaging, Nanocatalysis and Protein Therapy
Authors: Kaltbeitzel Jonas , Wich Peter R.
Published: March 2023

Proteins and enzymes are versatile biomaterials for a wide range of medical applications due to their high specificity for receptors and substrates, high degradability, low toxicity, and overall good biocompatibility. Protein nanoparticles are formed by the arrangement of several native or modified proteins into nanometer‐sized assemblies. In this review, we will focus on artificial nanoparticle systems, where proteins are the main structural element and not just an encapsulated payload. While under natural conditions, only certain proteins form defined aggregates and nanoparticles, chemical modifications or a change in the physical environment can further extend the pool of available building blocks. This allows the assembly of many globular proteins and even enzymes. These advances in preparation methods led to the emergence of new generations of nanosystems that extend beyond transport vehicles to diverse applications, from multifunctional drug delivery to imaging, nanocatalysis and protein therapy.
Structure and Bonding in Amorphous Red Phosphorus**
Authors: Zhou Yuxing , Elliott Stephen R. , Deringer Volker L.
Published: March 2023

Amorphous red phosphorus (a‐P) is one of the remaining puzzling cases in the structural chemistry of the elements. Here, we elucidate the structure, stability, and chemical bonding in a‐P from first principles, combining machine‐learning and density‐functional theory (DFT) methods. We show that a‐P structures exist with a range of energies slightly higher than those of phosphorus nanorods, to which they are closely related, and that the stability of a‐P is linked to the degree of structural relaxation and medium‐range order. We thus complete the stability range of phosphorus allotropes [Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 11629] by now including the previously poorly understood amorphous phase, and we quantify the covalent and van der Waals interactions in all main phases of phosphorus. We also study the electronic densities of states, including those of hydrogenated a‐P. Beyond the present study, our structural models are expected to enable wider‐ranging first‐principles investigations—for example, of a‐P‐based battery materials.
A Sustainable Wood‐Based Iron Photocatalyst for Multiple Uses with Sunlight: Water Treatment and Radical Photopolymerization
Authors: Guo Xiaolin , Zhao Xinpeng , Luo Xiongfei , Pang Yulian , Tian Bing , Liu Shouxin , Li Shujun , Li Jian , Strehmel Bernd , Chen Zhijun
Published: March 2023

A sustainable photocatalyst for use with multiple purpose comprising demethylated lignin (Fe3O4@D‐wood) was made by treatment of wood and iron oxide. Characterization followed by XRD, UV/Vis, photo‐current studies, and electrochemical measurements. This material became subject of photocatalytic explorations for water treatment and material synthesis by radical photopolymerization. Exposure ofFe3O4@D‐woodwith artificial sunlight showed an improved activity considering photochemical oxidation of organic pollutants in the presence of H2O2. The efficient generation of reactive radicals brought this system also to photopolymerization. Here, radicals based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the catalytic cycle can be seen as the dominating species to initiate radical polymerization. A mixture ofUDMAandTPGDAshowed good reactivity with cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). Photocatalyst used for water treatment facilitates reuse for photopolymerization.