26 Religious Stress Coping, Memory, and Markers of Brain Pathology in Individuals with Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease from the Colombia-Boston Biomarker Study
Authors: Martinez Jairo E , Bocanegra Yamile , Baena Ana , Aduen Paula , Cronin-Golomb Alice , Lopera Francisco , Quiroz Yakeel T 
Published: December 2023

Objective:

High levels of stress may increase risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. Religious coping practices to deal with stress (i.e., prayer, having faith, attending religious services) may reduce risk of dementia. Studying religious stress coping in cognitively unimpaired individuals with autosomal-dominant AD (ADAD), who will develop dementia later in life, may inform us about the role of religious coping in modifying the clinical trajectory from preclinical to clinical stages of the disease. We examined religious stress coping in cognitively unimpaired mutation carriers from the world’s largest ADAD kindred and its relation to markers of brain pathology and memory.

Participants and Methods:

16 cognitively unimpaired Presenilin-1 E280A mutation carriers and 19 age and education-matched noncarrier family members from the Colombia-Boston (COLBOS) Biomarker Study were included. A subsample (n=26; 13 cognitively unimpaired carriers) underwent amyloid and tau PET imaging. Participants completed the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CAE) that includes a subscale used to assess religious stress coping, where a higher score indicates more coping, and underwent memory testing using the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT). The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to assess depression. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to examine group differences in religious stress coping, brain pathology (i.e., cortical amyloid-beta, entorhinal and precuneus tau), memory, and depression. Nonparametric correlations were used to examine associations among religious stress coping, age, education, depression, memory, and pathology.

Results:

Carriers had poorer FCSRT immediate free recall than noncarriers (U=84.5, p=.024). There was no difference between groups in CAE religious stress coping, other FCSRT memory scores, nor GDS score (all p>.05). Compared to non-carriers, carriers had more cortical amyloid (U=152.0, p<.001) and more precuneus tau (U=123.0, p=.05). In carriers, religious stress coping was positively associated with education (r=.57, p=.022), FCSRT immediate free recall (a=.75, p<.001), FCSRT cued recall (a=.50, p=.047), and FCSRT delayed recall (r=.52, p=.038). After controlling for education, religious stress coping remained positively associated with FCSRT immediate free recall (r=.65, p=.009), but not other FCSRT memory scores (all p>.05). Religious stress coping was not associated with age or GDS score regardless of controlling for education (all p>.05). In carriers, religious stress coping was negatively associated with entorhinal tau (r=-.73, p=.005) and precuneus tau burden (r=-.58, p=.037). The association between religious stress coping and entorhinal tau remained significant after controlling for education (r=-.67, p=.016), but not precuneus tau (p>.05). Religious stress coping was not associated with cortical amyloid regardless of controlling for education in carriers (all p>.05). None of the associations with brain pathology or memory were significant in the non-carrier group.

Conclusions:

Religious stress coping was associated with better memory performance and a low AD pathology burden in individuals at genetic risk for developing AD dementia. Future studies with independent and larger samples should further examine religious stress coping strategies and their associations with other AD-related biomarkers, as well as with other risk and protective factors to better understand their role at the preclinical and prodromal stages of Alzheimer’s disease.