bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Port economics, management and policy studies (2009–2020): a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Pallis Athanasios A. , Kladaki Paraskevi , Notteboom Theo
Published: November 2023

This paper analyses published research in port economics, policy and management (port studies) based on examining all relevant academic journal papers published from 2009 to 2020. The systematic review of all 1227 papers relies on quantitative and qualitative bibliometric tools to reveal the structures of the research community (i.e., authors’ country of affiliation, number of authors involved, and international collaboration rates) and the themes and content of port research (i.e., research approaches, units of analysis, ports and commodities examined, levels of research localisation, port markets commonly (not) studied). It also presents a taxonomy of port studies based on a content classification of the themes and sub-themes examined. The paper concludes with a citation analysis that reveals the coherence of port research. The analysis is enriched by comparing the findings with similar studies focusing on the 1997–2008 timeframe. This unique monitoring of a period that expands over a quarter of a century offers a valuable tool for better understanding the research landscape and deciding directions for future research. From a theoretical perspective, the study provides evidence of the rapid transformation of port economics, policy and management into a mature research field.
Trends in Racial Disparities in Healthcare Expenditures Among Senior Medicare Fee-for-service Enrollees in 2007–2020
Authors: Baik Seo H. , Baye Fitsum , McDonald Clement J.
Published: November 2023

Despite the universal healthcare coverages, racial disparities in healthcare expenditures among senior Medicare beneficiaries exist. A few studies explored how racial disparities in healthcare expenditures changed over past decades and how it affected differently across 4 minoritized races, by type of Medicare and poverty levels. We conducted a longitudinal study of 21 healthcare expenditures from senior Medicare fee-for-service enrollees to determine overall and secular trends in racial disparities in healthcare expenditures between 2007 and 2020, during which the Affordable Care Act (ACA) came into full force and the COVID-19 pandemic had begun. We found important disparities in healthcare expenditures across 4 minoritized races compared to Whites, even after adjusting for possible confounders for such disparities. Disparities between Hispanics/Asians and Whites were much greater than disparities between Blacks and Whites, in all Parts A, B, and D expenditures. This reality has not been sufficiently emphasized in the literature. Importantly, Black-White disparities in total Part B expenditure gradually worsened between 2007 and 2020, and Hispanic-White and Asian-White disparities worsened greatly during that time window. Health planners need to focus on these large disparities and develop methods to shrink them.
Pharmacological interventions for the management of cystinuria: a systematic review
Authors: Bhatt Nirmal Prasad , Deshpande Aniruddh Vijay , Starkey Malcolm Ronald
Published: November 2023

Background

Cystinuria is a rare genetic kidney stone disease, with no cure. Current treatments involve lowering urinary cystine levels and increasing cystine solubility. This systematic review evaluates the available literature regarding non-surgical interventions for cystinuria.

Methods

Key electronic databases were searched for studies that described the clinical management of cystinuria with high diuresis, alkalinizing agents and thiol-based drugs that were published between 2000 and 2022. Observational studies were included if they contained clinical investigation with at least one previous or current episode of cystine stones, urine cystine levels > 250 mg/L and patients being managed with urinary dilution, alkalinizing agents or other pharmacological agents. All included studies were assessed for study design, patient characteristics and outcomes. A qualitative and critical analysis was performed whereby study quality was assessed using Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS). Two authors performed the quality assessment and excluded the studies with a low MINORS score.

Results

Fourteen studies met the review inclusion and quality criteria. Of the fourteen studies, two reported treatment using alkalinizing agents, six reported treatment using thiol-based drugs, and six reported combination treatment using alkalinizing agents and thiol-based drugs. These studies indicated that first-line therapies, including high fluid intake and urinary alkalinization, increased urine volume to > 3 L/day and urinary pH > 7.0, and were associated with reduced urinary cystine levels and cystine stone formation. Second-line therapy with cystine-binding thiol drugs, such as tiopronin and D-penicillamine, reduced urinary cystine levels, cystine crystal volume and increased cystine solubility, resulting in decreased cystine stone formation and stone recurrence rate. Further, combined intervention with alkalinizing agents and thiol-based drugs synergistically reduced stone recurrence.

Conclusion

Cystinuria treatment may require a combined approach of high diuresis, alkalinization and pharmacological interventions with regular monitoring of urinary pH, cystine levels, cystine crystal volume and solubility. However, poor adherence to treatment is relatively frequent, hence the pressing urgency for improved therapies and treatments.

Graphical abstract
Conservative Hypomethylation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Secretome Restored the Follicular Development in Cisplatin-Induced Premature Ovarian Failure Mice
Authors: Nabil Salama Amira , Badr Eman Abd El-Fatah , Holah Nanis Shawky , El Barbary Ahmed A. , Hessien Mohamed
Published: November 2023

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is one of the main causes of infertility in women under the age of 40 years. Recently, epigenetic reprogramming, particularly DNA hypomethylation, has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Thus, it is crucial to elucidate how far global hypomethylation of MSCs genome can maintain their pluripotency and viability and improve their therapeutic effect in chemotherapy-induced POF mice. Herein, the genomic DNA of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) was hypomethylated by the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (5-Aza-dC), and the degree of global hypomethylation was assessed by methylation-sensitive HepII/MspI restriction analysis. Next, mildly hypomethylated cells and their secretome were independently transplanted (or infused) in POF mice, established via cisplatin-mediated gonadotoxicity. We found that conservative global hypomethylation of BM-MSCs genome with low doses of 5-Aza-dC (≤0.5 μM) has maintained cell viability and MSCs-specific clusters of differentiation (CD). Engraftment of mildly hypomethylated cells in POF mice, or infusion of their secretome, improved the concentrations of estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH). Furthermore, mice restored their normal body weight, ovarian size, and ovarian follicle count. This was associated with improved follicular development, where the populations of healthy primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles were significantly ameliorated, relative to mice transplanted with normally methylated cells. This observational study suggests that transplantation of mildly hypomethylated BM-MSCs cells and their secretome can restore the structural and functional integrity of the damaged ovaries in POF mice. Also, it presents conservative hypomethylation of BM-MSCs and their secretome as a promising alternative to MSCs transplantation.

Graphical Abstract

Transplantation of partially hypomethylated BM-MSCs improved the follicular count and integrity in the POF mouse model. Gonadotoxic drug (cisplatin) was used to establish the POF mouse model. In parallel, BM-MSCs were isolated, authenticated, and then incubated with the DNMTs inhibitor (5-Aza-dC). Partially hypomethylated cells and their secretome were independently transplanted into the POF mice, and both the follicular count, ovarian histology, and the serum levels of the fertility-related hormones (E2, AMH, and FSH) were assessed 1 week after transplantation or infusion. Hypomethylated BM-MSCs and their secretome increased the follicular count, increased the number of healthy follicles, and restricted apoptosis of the granulose cells. Also, the hormonal profile was improved compared to their corresponding level in mice transplanted with normally methylated cells.
Revolutionizing Education: Advanced Machine Learning Techniques for Precision Recommendation of Top-Quality Instructional Materials
Authors: Xu Xiaoliang
Published: November 2023

The integration of educational technology in the modern classroom has transformed the way students learn yet challenges in providing high-quality materials persist. To address this, we propose a novel support vector-based long short-term memory (LSTM) recommendation model. Our model combines support vector machines (SVM) and LSTM networks to enhance accuracy. The SVM analyzes material content, identifying key features for topic relevance. Meanwhile, the LSTM assesses word sequences to predict material relevance to the topic. We conducted experiments on a diverse instructional dataset, demonstrating superior performance in accuracy and relevance compared to existing models. Our model adapts to new data and continuously improves based on user feedback. Therefore, our Support Vector-based LSTM recommendation model can revolutionize instructional material recommendations. Its accuracy and relevance enhance student engagement and learning outcomes, optimizing the educational experience.
Exams-related stress and the pattern of substance use and misuse among Palestinian medical and health sciences students
Authors: Khalifah Wafa , Abu-Yusef Mohamad , Abed-Elhadi Ahmad , Barq Ameed , Yassen Mohamad , Hanani Ahmad , Abu Hassan Ahmad , Abuawad Mohammad , Damiri Basma
Published: November 2023

Substance use among school students is a public health concern. Exam-related anxiety is one of the main motives for drug use. This research aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of psychostimulant and antidepressants use and misuse among medical and health sciences students at two large representative medical schools in West Bank Palestine. The results of a cross-sectional study, that surveyed 984 Palestinian medical and health sciences students revealed how educational experiences and newfound independence affect substance use behaviors among Palestinian medical and health sciences students. In total, 7.7% of the students reported using illicit drugs. Hallucinogens were the most commonly used drugs (2.9%), followed by central nervous system (CNS) stimulants (2.4%) and CNS depressants (1.4%), while 4.4% were using nonprescribed antidepressants, with Fluoxetine being the most used. Most drug users (72.4%) started using before they enrolled in university, and 39.5% did not realize the potential harm of these drugs. Medical students tend to use these substances less frequently than their non-medical peers. The study indicated that exam-related stress was a crucial factor in the prevalence of drug use and misuse. Peer pressure, academic, psychological, and family pressures were other primary reasons behind drug use. The study’s results indicated that the misuse of antidepressant medications and other licit and illicit substances is highly prevalent among Palestinian medical and non-medical students. The results also underscore the importance of raising awareness about drug use and providing students with accurate information about the safe use of these substances.
Hygro-photo-thermoelastic solid cylinder under moisture and thermal diffusivity with Moore-Gibson-Thompson theory
Authors: Singh Kulvinder , Kaur Iqbal , Craciun Eduard-Marius
Published: November 2023

A new model for the simulation of moisture and thermal diffusivity in a semiconducting solid cylinder according to the Moore-Gibson-Thompson-Photo-Thermal (MGTPT) theory of thermoelasticity has recently been presented. The purpose of this study is to investigate the photo-thermoelasticity of an infinite semiconducting solid cylinder rotating with the boundary surface being subjected to a laser pulse with variable heat flux. For this purpose, the mathematical model is solved by using the Laplace transform technique in the transformed domain. The numerical inversion of the mathematical model yields all the physical parameters in the physical domain, such as displacement components, thermal stresses, and carrier densities. To clearly illustrate the effects of reference moisture, a graphic representation of all these parameters is generated by using the MATLAB software. The results of this study will be useful in further enhancing the behavior of semiconductors under these dynamic loading conditions and hence, improve their performance in various applications.

Thus, the model provides an effective way to model the moisture and thermal diffusivities of the solid cylinder to better understand phenomena occurring in a broad range of semiconductor devices and more effectively design them.
Theoretical modeling and transmission characteristics analysis of a novel double-roller hourglass worm drive based on enveloping principle
Authors: Gao Song , Wang Xiaolin
Published: November 2023

Traditional planar double-enveloping hourglass worm pairs have the characteristics such as the strong bearing capacity, high transmission efficiency and long life-span. However, the high relative sliding velocity and the serious agglutination or abrasion may also occur at the contact point on tooth surfaces. In this paper, a novel type of double-roller hourglass worm pair is proposed and analyzed, wherein, the worm part adopts from the planar double-enveloping worm pair, the corresponding meshing tooth surface of worm gear is replaced by two rows of cylinder rollers for reducing friction and enhancing meshing efficiency. That is, the original meshing tooth surfaces in worm gear are replaced by the common tangent plane of rollers to form a special type of meshing drive, the original line-contact form between tooth surfaces was changed to point-contact so that the sliding friction was transformed into rolling friction, and the meshing efficiency can be greatly improved. The theoretical model of double-roller hourglass worm pair was established based on spatial enveloping principle, the meshing equation and tooth surface equations were derived. The solid models of worm and gear were established and assembled. The parameters of enveloping surface angle, roller radius and friction coefficient, which affecting relative motion velocity at meshing contact point and efficiency during the whole transmission process was analyzed and discussed systematically. The results showed that comparing to the traditional worm pair, the roller’s rotation greatly reduced the relative sliding velocity and improved meshing efficiency at the contact point in this double-roller hourglass worm pair.
Challenges and countermeasures of the ‘Maritime Silk Road’ in the context of green development
Authors: Yang Zhenjiao , Si Yukun , Jiang Tao
Published: November 2023

In the context of green development and implementation of the strategies of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking, the concept of energy conservation, and the environmental protection advocated by the construction of the Maritime Silk Road is in line with global development planning and layout. Over the years, China’s national rejuvenation has presented struggles, and the construction of the Maritime Silk Road lasted for a long time. In this paper, we discuss the dilemmas and difficulties associated with the construction of the Maritime Silk Road based on the background of green development and provide corresponding solution strategies by combining the development conditions at home and abroad. These strategies can further deepen China’s reform and opening up strategy and strengthen its relationship with the world. They can also strengthen the connection between China and the world, stand at the head of the times, and lead worldwide development. This paper initially focuses on the theoretical basis of the development of maritime silk governance, that is, the concept of green development, analyzes the necessity and feasibility of the Maritime Silk Road strategy proposed, and proposes means of coping with the Maritime Silk Road’s difficulties by analyzing the challenges and deep-seated causes it encounters in the context of green development. To date, China’s reform and opening up presents an inconvenience, and the domestic and international situations show increasing complexity. Against the background of unprecedented changes in the past hundred years, the construction of the Maritime Silk Road can further realize the effective cooperation between countries and countries and between regions and regions. Moreover, by building a community of humans, we can jointly deal with development problems, which have a vital role in the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In the context of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking, green development has become the key direction of development for all countries worldwide. In addition, the concepts of environmental protection and energy saving are gradually being put into practice, which is extremely important to protect the natural environment and build a better home for mankind. In the context of green development, the construction of the Maritime Silk Road will further realize economic linkage between countries and jointly promote sustainable development. Scholars can assess the challenges that impede its construction at various levels and explore strategies for resolving these dilemmas based on changing domestic and foreign situations by analyzing the importance of the Maritime Silk Road strategy and the favorable conditions for its implementation, in order to truly promote the development of the Maritime Silk Road and provide assistance in creating a favorable environment for international relations and trade.
Numerical analyses of the flow past a short rotating cylinder
Authors: Yang Yongliang , Wang Chenglei , Guo Rui , Zhang Mengqi
Published: November 2023

This work studies the three-dimensional flow dynamics around a rotating circular cylinder of finite length, whose axis is positioned perpendicular to the streamwise direction. Direct numerical simulations and global stability analyses are performed within a parameter range of Reynolds number

$Re=DU_\infty /\nu <500$

(based on cylinder diameter

$D$

, uniform incoming flow velocity

$U_\infty$

), length-to-diameter ratio

${\small \text{AR}}=L/D\leq 2$

and dimensionless rotation rate

$\alpha =D\varOmega /2U_\infty \leq 2$

(where

$\varOmega$

is rotation rate). By solving Navier–Stokes equations, we investigated the wake patterns and explored the phase diagrams of the lift and drag coefficients. For a cylinder with

${\small \text{AR}}=1$

, we found that when the rotation effect is weak (

$0\leq \alpha \lesssim 0.3$

), the wake pattern is similar to the unsteady wake past the non-rotating finite-length cylinder, but with a new linear unstable mode competing to dominate the saturation state of the wake. The flow becomes stable for

$0.3\lesssim \alpha \lesssim 0.9$

when

$Re<360$

. When the rotation effect is strong (

$\alpha \gtrsim 0.9$

), new low-frequency wake patterns with stronger oscillations emerge. Generally, the rotation effect first slightly decreases and then sharply increases the

$Re$

threshold of the flow instability when

$\alpha$

is relatively small, but significantly decreases the threshold at high

$\alpha$

(

$0.9<\alpha \leq 2$

). Furthermore, the stability analyses based on the time-averaged flows and on the steady solutions demonstrate the existence of multiple unstable modes undergoing Hopf bifurcation, greatly influenced by the rotation effect. The shapes of these global eigenmodes are presented and compared, as well as their structural sensitivity, visualising the flow region important for the disturbance development with rotation. This research contributes to our understanding of the complex bluff-body wake dynamics past this critical configuration.
Self-excited vortex-acoustic lock-in in a bluff body combustor
Authors: Britto Abraham Benjamin , Mariappan Sathesh
Published: November 2023

We investigate self-excited vortex-acoustic lock-in in a bluff body combustor. The bluff body not only anchors the flame but also sheds vortices. Mutual interaction between vortex shedding and the combustor acoustic field leads to lock-in. A lower-order model for vortex shedding is coupled to the acoustic equations to obtain a set of discrete dynamical maps, which are then solved numerically. Lock-in is identified when a definite phase relationship between vortex shedding and acoustic field remains unaltered with time. The common frequency during (phase) lock-in is either close to the natural acoustic or vortex shedding frequencies, accordingly termed A- or V-lock-in, respectively. Instability and amplitude suppression occur with most parts of the A- and V-lock-in regions, respectively. Furthermore, we relate the lock-in and pre-lock-in regimes observed in our previous experiments (Singh & Mariappan, Combust. Sci. Technol., 2019, pp. 1–29) to A- and V-lock-in phenomena, respectively. Among the two lock-in phenomena, combustion instability is favoured by

$1:1$

A-lock-in, whose boundaries in the parameter space can be obtained from a forced response of the vortex shedding process. Finally, we discuss the bifurcations leading to lock-in.
Observations of transient wave-induced mean drift profiles caused by virtual wave stresses in a two-layer system
Authors: Weber Jan Erik H. , Whitchelo Yiyi , Pirolt Jon A. , Christensen Kai H. , Rabault Jean , Jensen Atle
Published: November 2023

An experimental study of long interfacial gravity waves was conducted in a closed wave tank containing two layers of viscous immiscible fluids. The study focuses on the development in time of the mean particle drift that occurs close to the interface where the two fluids meet. From a theoretical analysis by Weber & Christensen (Eur. J. Mech.-B/Fluids, vol. 77, 2019, pp. 162–170) it is predicted that the growing drift in this region is associated with the action of the virtual wave stress. This effect has not been explored experimentally before. Interfacial waves of different amplitudes and frequencies were produced by a D-shaped paddle. Particle tracking velocimetry was used to track the time development of the Lagrangian mean drift. The finite geometry of the wave tank causes a mean return flow that is resolved by mass transport considerations. The measurements clearly demonstrate the importance of the virtual wave stress mechanism in generating wave drift currents near the interface.
Los nadies y las nadies: The Effect of Peacebuilding on Political Behavior in Colombia
Authors: Gelvez Juan David , Johnson Marcus
Published: November 2023

How do peacebuilding institutions affect political behavior? This article studies the historic victory of the Colombian left in the 2022 presidential elections in light of the implementation of local peacebuilding programs through the 2016 Peace Accords. Using a quasi-experimental design, we show that the Development Plans with a Territorial Focus (PDET), a central component of the 2016 Peace Accords between the government and the FARC, increased the vote share for the leftist coalition, Pacto Histórico, in the 2022 elections by increasing voter turnout in PDET regions. In a departure from existing literature, we find that the explanatory effect of violence on vote share is significantly reduced when we include an indicator for PDET implementation and additional covariates. While there is a substantial body of work examining the effects of conflict violence and the presence of armed actors on elections, there has been relatively little focus on how the peacebuilding has affected vote choice and political behavior. We see our project as a bridge to fill this gap in the literature.
TESTING THE USE OF XAD RESIN TO REMOVE SYNTHETIC CONTAMINATION FROM ARCHAEOLOGICAL BONE PRIOR TO RADIOCARBON DATING
Authors: van der Sluis L G , Zazzo A , Tombret O , Thil F , Pétillon J-M
Published: November 2023

Museum collections are extremely valuable sources of material for ongoing research, although the conservation history of some objects is not always recorded, which can be problematic for chemical analyses. While most contamination is removed using the acid-base-acid treatment, this may not be the case for cross-linked contamination. The XAD resin protocol was implemented at the radiocarbon (14C) laboratory in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, and the setup was tested using known age bone samples and a consolidated Palaeolithic bone. Known age samples were consolidated with shellac or Paraloid, aged for a month, treated with or without the XAD resin and14C dated. Bone blank results showed that XAD resin was able to remove shellac, which was not the case for the ABA-only method. Results from VIRI I were more variable and VIRI F was possibly too young to show the effects of the consolidants. Two14C dates on the Palaeolithic bone after XAD treatment are statistically the same, while a sample without XAD treatment was significantly older, suggesting that the contaminant was not fully removed by the ABA-only treatment. This study demonstrates the potential of the XAD treatment to clean heritage bone samples stored in museums prior to geochemical analyses.
Nostalgia in European Party Politics: A Text-Based Measurement Approach
Authors: Müller Stefan , Proksch Sven-Oliver
Published: November 2023

Traditional research on political parties pays little attention to the temporal focus of communication. It usually concentrates on promises, issue attention, and policy positions. This lack of scholarly attention is surprising, given that voters respond to nostalgic rhetoric and may even adjust issue positions when policy is framed in nostalgic terms. This article presents a novel dataset, PolNos, which contains six text-based measures of nostalgic rhetoric in 1,648 party manifestos across 24 European democracies from 1946 to 2018. The measures combine dictionaries, word embeddings, sentiment approaches, and supervised machine learning. Our analysis yields a consistent result: nostalgia is most prevalent in manifestos of culturally conservative parties, notably Christian democratic, nationalist, and radical right parties. However, substantial variation remains regarding regional differences and whether nostalgia concerns the economy or culture. We discuss the implications and use of our dataset for studying political parties, party competition, and elections.
Online pattern recognition of lower limb movements based on sEMG signals and its application in real-time rehabilitation training
Authors: Ye Ye , Zhu Ming-xia , Ou Chang-wei , Wang Bing-zhu , Wang Lu , Xie Neng-gang
Published: November 2023

An online pattern recognition method of lower limb movements is proposed based on the personalized surface electromyography (sEMG) signals, and the corresponding experimental researches are performed in the rehabilitation training. Further, a wireless wearable acquisition instrument is used. Based on this instrument, a host computer for the personal online recognition and real-time control of rehabilitation training is developed. Three time-domain features and two features in the nonlinear dynamics are selected as the joint set of the characteristic values for the sEMG signals. Then a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize the feature channels, and a k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm and the extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm are combined to classify and recognize individual sample data. Based on the multi-pose lower limb rehabilitation robot, the real-time motion recognition and the corresponding rehabilitation training are carried out by using the online personalized classifier. The experimental results of eight subjects indicate that it takes only 6 min to build an online personalized classifier for the four types of the lower limb movements. The recognition between switches of different rehabilitation training movements is timely and accurate, with an average recognition accuracy of more than 95%. These results demonstrate that this system has a strong practicability.
The Change of Heart, Moral Character and Moral Reform
Authors: Damstra Conrad
Published: November 2023

I examine Kant’s claim in part one ofReligion within the Boundaries of Mere Reasonthat moral reform requires both a ‘change of heart’ and gradual reformation of one’s sense (R,6: 47). I argue that Kant’s conception of moral reform is neither fundamentally obscure nor is it as vulnerable to serious objections as several commentators have suggested. I defend Kant by explaining how he can maintain both that we can choose our moral disposition via an intelligible choice and that we become good through a continuous struggle. I then provide an interpretation of how moral reform occurs in the phenomenal realm.
Impact of Actor’s Initial State of Engagement in a Course of Action on Judgements of Post-decisional Regret and Joy: Revisiting Kahneman and Tversky (1982)
Authors: Sepehrinia Mahya , Nejat Pegah , Baniyaghoub Reyhaneh
Published: November 2023

According to the phenomenon commonly known as action effect and vastly replicated across the judgment and decision-making literature, more regret is associated with decisions resulting from action than inaction. Action vs. inaction, however, might either refer to change vs. no change or doing something vs. not doing something. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of this variation in operationalization of action-inaction on the strength of action effect, for both positive and negative outcomes, across four different domains of employment, finance, education, and health. This was an experimental scenario-based study (N = 215) with four between-subjects conditions varying in outcome valence and the actor’s initial state as either engaged or non-engaged in a particular course of action. Action effect was found to be stronger with respect to the initially engaged than the initially non-engaged decision-maker (ηp2 = .04), indicating that action as change results in a stronger action effect than action as doing something. The effect of the initial state was also moderated by domain. In addition, we both replicated and went beyond prior empirical literature regarding the effect of outcome valence and domain on action effect, with our findings being mostly consistent across joy and regret. Findings are discussed in light of the norm theory and its key concept of normality and contribute to the literature on moderators of action effect.
Effects of Idle Time on Well-Being: An Experimental Study
Authors: Zeschke Martin , Schubert Karoline , Zacher Hannes
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Idle time is a time during which employees are unable to complete work tasks for reasons beyond their control, which negatively impacts their performance and well-being. However, it has not yet been examined whether the objective event or the subjective appraisal of this situation causes these effects. Drawing on affective events theory, we conducted an experiment ( N = 338) in which we manipulated objective idle time and measured the effects on well-being, mediated by subjective idle time. We found that objective idle time positively predicted subjective idle time, which in turn was negatively related to affect but not to task satisfaction. We found indirect effects of objective idle time on affect through subjective idle time. Boredom proneness was positively and age was negatively associated with subjective idle time. The results are consistent with affective events theory and suggest that idle time is appraised as such and negatively influences affect.
Collaborative Memory: What Happens With Remote	Communication?
Authors: Conte Nadia , Padulo Caterina , Fairfield Beth
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Information and communication technologies have profoundly changed the way people daily remember and discuss opinions and information while interacting and collaborating with common everyday activities such as working, teaching, and studying. Indeed, the rise of Internet connectivity and rapidly expanding social media platforms raises new questions about how false and true memories spread across social connections and is critical to further understanding everyday human memory functioning. Here, we adopted a classic collaborative memory paradigm and investigated memory performance across two different experimental conditions: in-person and computer-mediated communication via video calls on Teams to evaluate the effects of remote collaboration on memory recall. Results showed that individuals who collaborated in presence and individuals who collaborated via computer had comparable memory performance when communication was enriched with verbal and nonverbal cues.
Association of Equatorward Extended Auroral Streamers With Overshielding Conditions at Equatorial Latitudes: First Observations
Authors: Yadav Sneha , Lyons Larry. R. , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Weygand James M. , Liu Jiang , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Tian Sheng , Zou Ying , Donovan Eric F.
Published: November 2023

We report the first observations of the association between equatorward extending streamers and overshielding using the THEMIS all‐sky imagers and ground magnetometers. Because auroral streamers indicate plasma sheet flow bursts, these observations uncover the effect of flow bursts on overshielding. Results show that, in general, bright equatorward extended streamers were associated with an increase in equatorial electrojet (EEJ) on the nightside and a decrease in the dayside EEJ, indicating a striking correspondence between auroral streamers and overshielding conditions. Thus, the driving of overshielding at equatorial latitudes can be identified via bright equatorward extended streamers, indicating that flow bursts are an alternate means to discern the earthward injections that increase the region 2 field aligned currents and associated overshielding electric fields. Repetitive auroral streamers were associated with repetitive overshielding, resulting in a stepwise development of the dayside and nightside EEJ. The stepwise intensifications were also observed in the midlatitude positive bay and Pi2 pulsations. Our results could explain the occurrence of overshielding conditions at equatorial latitudes during substorms and nonsubstorm times without a northward turning of IMF‐Bz. As seen through streamers, the localized current structures (wedgelets) associated with flow bursts giving injection that leads to overshielding is titled northeast‐to‐southwest. Our results add a new element to the understanding of high‐to‐low latitude electrodynamical coupling by demonstrating the association between bright equatorward extended auroral streamers and enhanced shielding electric fields caused by earthward injections associated with flow bursts.
The Role of Plasmasphere in the Formation of Electron Heat Fluxes
Authors: Khazanov George V. , Pierrard Viviane , Ma Qianli , Botek Edith
Published: November 2023

Plasmasphere plays an important role in the magnetospheric physics, defining many important inputs to the ionosphere from the middle to the auroral latitudes. Among them are electron thermal heat fluxes resulting from the Coulomb interaction of superthermal electrons (SE) and cold plasmaspheric electrons. These fluxes define the electron temperature at the upper ionospheric altitudes and are the input to the global ionospheric modeling networks. As was previously found from the calculation of lower energy SE and thermal heat fluxes, the knowledge of field‐aligned cold plasma distribution in the plasmasphere is a very sensitive parameter that introduces the most uncertainties in the calculation of these values. To verify the previously used SuperThermal Electron Transport code assumptions regarding plasmaspheric field‐aligned density structure ∼[B(s)/Bo]a, we used the latest version of 3D plasmaspheric model developed by Pierrard, Botek, and Darrouzet (2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2021.681401). Such an assumption is found to be very reasonable in the calculations of electron thermal heat fluxes entering upper ionospheric altitudes and the associated electron temperature formation for the two selected dayside and nightside electron precipitation events driven by whistler‐mode wave activity.
ENSO‐Related Interannual Variability of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea Since the Mid‐2000s
Authors: Qiao Yu‐Xiang , Nakamura Hirohiko , Tomita Tomohiko , Kako Shinichiro , Nishina Ayako , Zhu Xiao‐Hua , Liu Zhao‐Jun
Published: November 2023

Using observational and reanalysis data sets, we investigated interannual variability in the Kuroshio in the East China Sea (ECS‐Kuroshio). We exhibited that the surface velocity and position of the ECS‐Kuroshio were synchronized on a quasi‐3‐year interannual timescale during 2005–2016. We further demonstrated that: (a) during 2005–2016, wind stress curl variability related to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) played a leading role in the interannual ECS‐Kuroshio variability by exciting baroclinic Rossby waves along the subtropical countercurrent (STCC) zone east of Taiwan; (b) mesoscale eddy activities in the STCC zone, especially long‐lived (≥150‐day lifetime) cyclonic eddies, probably played a secondary role in the interannual ECS‐Kuroshio variability. In addition, we showed that the occurrence of the quasi‐3‐year interannual variability of the ECS‐Kuroshio since 2005 was likely linked to the following changes in the ENSO‐related atmospheric circulation: (a) The primary ENSO timescale changed from a quasi‐5‐year period in 1993–2004 to a quasi‐3‐year one in 2005–2016; (b) Over the central equatorial Pacific along with the eastern tropical Indian Ocean, the sea surface temperature in 2005–2016 varied with a more intense amplitude than in 1993–2004, which resulted in a different western North Pacific atmospheric response to the ENSO in 2005–2016 from that in 1993–2004.
Drift Correction and Sub‐Ensemble Predictive Skill Evaluation of the Decadal Prediction Large Ensemble With Application to Regional Studies
Authors: Rosa‐Cánovas J. J. , García‐Valdecasas Ojeda M. , Romero‐Jiménez E. , Yeste P. , Gámiz‐Fortis S. R. , Castro‐Díez Y. , Esteban‐Parra M. J.
Published: November 2023

A large ensemble of experiments is required to reveal the predictable climate signal masked by the background noise in the decadal climate prediction (DCP). This is one of the main obstacles which complicates the generation of high‐resolution decadal climate information at regional scale, given the computing cost of the task. In this study, a set of representative sub‐ensembles of three members (ENS3) from the Decadal Prediction Large Ensemble has been selected to produce dynamically downscaled DCPs in future studies, minimizing the amount of computing resources required to conduct the regionalization while reducing as much as possible the loss of predictive skill with respect to the full ensemble (ENS40). The procedure to follow comprises two steps: first, an analysis to choose the most appropriate method of drift correction to remove the model drift; second, the selection of three members to build ENS3 and the evaluation of its performance and the impact of ensemble size on sub‐ensemble performance. The study has been focused on sea surface temperature (SST), near‐surface temperature anomaly and sea level pressure over some Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment regions: Europe, South America and North America. The initial condition‐based approach has been shown to be the most suitable method in the three domains. Although there is an inevitable loss of predictive skill when reducing the ensemble size, ENS3 has shown to be a relatively good alternative to ENS10 and ENS40 when facing computing constraints and the analysis is focused on SST.
Simulating Radiative Heat Transfer in Multi‐Scattering Irregular Surfaces: Application to Snow and Ice Morphologies on Europa
Authors: Carreon Anthony , Macias Antonio , Hsu Andy , Berisford Daniel F. , Goldstein David B. , Varghese Philip , Trafton Laurence , Hand Kevin P. , Steckloff Jordan , Mahieux Arnaud
Published: November 2023

We developed a Monte‐Carlo‐based radiative heat transfer model capable of simulating solar exposure and subsequent warming of rough snow and ice surfaces on ice‐covered airless solar system bodies. The model accounts for wavelength‐dependent internal light scattering and heat conduction in the snow interior down to meter‐scale depths. We validated the model against analytical and experimental test cases with relevant applications to Europa, one of Jupiter's moons. We examined differential heating across the surface, from the centimeter to meter scale, to reveal potential patterns of preferential sublimation that could lead to rough ice morphologies, such as penitentes. An exploration of parameters such as penitente height‐width ratios, shape, size, snow grain size, and thermal properties revealed that taller, thinner, larger penitentes with sharper peaks, coarser snow grain sizes, and lower thermal inertias are more likely to grow in Europa's environment near the equator.
Ecological Restoration Effectively Mitigated pCO2 and CO2 Evasions From Severely Polluted Urban Rivers
Authors: Wang Jilong , Wang Xiaofeng , Liu Tingting , Chen Huai , He Yixin , Yuan Xingzhong
Published: November 2023

Urban rivers are significant hotspots of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, playing important roles in global carbon emission inventories. However, little is known about the effect of ecological restoration on CO2 dynamics in severely polluted urban rivers, and this strongly hindering our understanding of the positive effects of human activities on CO2 emissions in urbanized aquatic ecosystems. We measured CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and fluxes in nine severely polluted urban rivers with varying degrees of ecological restoration, and assessed the relationships with water physicochemical parameters, pollution levels and basin environmental investment. Our results indicate that urban rivers with high pollution loadings were indeed hotspots of CO2 evasion. However, fully restored rivers had generally lower pCO2 and CO2 emissions than partially restored rivers and were observably lower than unrestored rivers, suggesting that watershed eco‐restoration could effectively reduce CO2 evasion. In particular, environmental investment per unit basin area had a significant negative correlation with CO2 evasion and could explain 51%–85% and 51% of total variability in pCO2 and CO2 fluxes among nine urban rivers respectively, emphasizing the potential benefits of carbon emission regulation resulting from positive environmental management. Nutrient removal and sewage interception during watershed eco‐restoration were key processes reducing pCO2 and CO2 fluxes in polluted urban rivers. pH alteration kept close correlations with pCO2 and acted as a sensitive regulator of CO2 evasion in the nine rivers. We highlight the importance of considering the coupling effects of pollution and restoration on the spatiotemporal variability of CO2 evasion and the uncertainty of related monitoring methods in urban watersheds.
Forecasting Ionospheric foF2 Using Bidirectional LSTM and Attention Mechanism
Authors: Tang Jun , Yang Dengpan , Ding Mingfei
Published: November 2023

The critical frequency of ionospheric F2 layer (foF2) is an important ionospheric characteristic parameter. In this paper, a deep learning model based on Bidirectional long short‐term memory (BiLSTM) and attention mechanism is implemented for predicting the foF2 parameter. The inputs of models are the foF2 of globally available ionospheric ionosonde stations, geographic longitude and latitude, world time (UT), geomagnetic activity index, and solar activity index from 2015 to 2017. The superiority of the model is analyzed from different latitudes, seasons, and geomagnetic conditions. The results show that the prediction performance of the Bidirectional long short‐term memory model based on attention mechanism (BiLSTM‐Attention) is better than other models. The performance of the prediction model is optimal at high latitudes. The root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R) of the BiLSTM‐Attention model are 0.539 MHZ and 0.908 MHz at high latitudes, respectively. In terms of RMSE, it is 25.243%, 18.209%, and 11.203% lower than those of the international reference ionosphere (IRI), LSTM, and BiLSTM models, respectively. The prediction results of the four seasons show that the models are more applicable in winter. Compared with the IRI model, the RMSE of the BiLSTM‐Attention model in spring, summer, autumn, and winter is reduced by 24.344%, 21.181%, 25.058%, and 30.948%, respectively. The prediction effect of the BiLSTM‐Attention model is improved in the magnetic quiet period, the magnetic moderate period and the magnetic storm period. Also, the improvement effect is more obvious in the magnetostatic day, and the RMSE is reduced by 27.462% compared with the IRI model.
Exosome-targeted delivery of METTL14 regulates NFATc1 m6A methylation levels to correct osteoclast-induced bone resorption
Authors: Yang Jin-Gang , Sun Bao , Wang Zheng , Li Xing , Gao Jia-hui , Qian Jia-jun , Li Jiang , Wei Wen-jia , Zhang Ping , Wang Wei
Published: November 2023

Osteoporosis has a profound influence on public health. First-line bisphosphonates often cause osteonecrosis of the jaw meanwhile inhibiting osteoclasts. Therefore, it is important to develop effective treatments. The results of this study showed that the increased level of NFATc1 m6A methylation caused by zoledronic acid (ZOL), with 4249A as the functional site, is highly correlated with the decreased bone resorption of osteoclasts. Upstream, METTL14 regulates osteoclast bone absorption through the methylation functional site of NFATc1. Downstream, YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 show antagonistic effects on the post-transcriptional regulation of NFATc1 after the m6A methylation level is elevated by METTL14. In this study, meRIP-Seq, luciferase reporter assays, meRIP and other methods were used to elucidate the NFATc1 regulatory mechanism of osteoclasts from the perspective of RNA methylation. In addition, EphA2 overexpression on exosomes is an effective biological method for targeted delivery of METTL14 into osteoclasts. Importantly, this study shows that METTL14 released by exosomes can increase the m6A methylation level of NFATc1 to inhibit osteoclasts, help postmenopausal osteoporosis patients preserve bone mass, and avoid triggering osteonecrosis of the jaw, thus becoming a new bioactive molecule for the treatment of osteoporosis.