bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First detection of a disk free of volatile elements around a young A-type star: A possible sign of collisions between rocky planets
Authors: van den Ancker M. E. , Gentile Fusillo N. P. , Haworth T. J. , Manara C. F. , Miles-Páez P. A. , Oudmaijer R. D. , Panić O. , Petit dit de la Roche D. J. M. , Petr-Gotzens M. G. , Vioque M.
Published: July 2021

Aims. We present the first detailed analysis of the astrophysical parameters of the poorly studied Sco-Cen member HD 152384 and its circumstellar environment.

Methods. We analyse newly obtained optical-near-IR X-shooter spectra, as well as archival TESS data, of HD 152384. In addition, we use literature photometric data to construct a detailed spectral energy distribution (SED) of the star.

Results. The photospheric absorption lines in the spectrum of HD 152384 are characteristic of an A0 V star, for which we derive a stellar mass of 2.1 ± 0.1 M⊙ and a stellar age > 4.5 Myr. Superimposed on the photospheric absorption, the optical spectrum also displays double-peaked emission lines of Ca II, Fe I, Mg I, and Si I, typical of circumstellar disks. Notably, all hydrogen and helium lines appear strictly in absorption. A toy model shows that the observed emission line profiles can be reproduced by emission from a compact (radius < 0.3 au) disk seen at an inclination of ∼24°. Further evidence for the presence of circumstellar material comes from the detection of a moderate IR excess in the SED, similar to those found in extreme debris disk systems.

Conclusions. We conclude that HD 152384 is surrounded by a tenuous circumstellar disk that, although rich in refractory elements, is highly depleted of volatile elements. To the best of our knowledge, such a disk is unique among young stars. However, it is reminiscent of the disks seen in some white dwarfs, which have been attributed to the disruption of rocky planets. We suggest that the disk around HD 152384 may have a similar origin and may be due to collisions in a newly formed planetary system.
A high pitch angle structure in the Sagittarius Arm
Authors: Kuhn M. A. , Benjamin R. A. , Zucker C. , Krone-Martins A. , de Souza R. S. , Castro-Ginard A. , Ishida E. E. O. , Povich M. S. , Hillenbrand L. A.
Published: July 2021

Context. In spiral galaxies, star formation tends to trace features of the spiral pattern, including arms, spurs, feathers, and branches. However, in our own Milky Way, it has been challenging to connect individual star-forming regions to their larger Galactic environment owing to our perspective from within the disk. One feature in nearly all modern models of the Milky Way is the Sagittarius Arm, located inward of the Sun with a pitch angle of ∼12°.

Aims. We map the 3D locations and velocities of star-forming regions in a segment of the Sagittarius Arm using young stellar objects (YSOs) from the Spitzer/IRAC Candidate YSO (SPICY) catalog to compare their distribution to models of the arm.

Methods. Distances and velocities for these objects are derived from Gaia EDR3 astrometry and molecular line surveys. We infer parallaxes and proper motions for spatially clustered groups of YSOs and estimate their radial velocities from the velocities of spatially associated molecular clouds.

Results. We identify 25 star-forming regions in the Galactic longitude range ℓ ∼ 4.​ ° 0–18.​ ° 5 arranged in a narrow, ∼1 kpc long linear structure with a high pitch angle of ψ = 56° and a high aspect ratio of ∼7:1. This structure includes massive star-forming regions such as M8, M16, M17, and M20. The motions in the structure are remarkably coherent, with velocities in the direction of Galactic rotation of |Vφ|≈240 ± 3 km s−1 (slightly higher than average) and slight drifts inward (VR ≈ −4.3 km s−1) and in the negative Z direction (VZ ≈ −2.9 km s−1). The rotational shear experienced by the structure is ΔΩ = 4.6 km s−1 kpc−1.

Conclusions. The observed 56° pitch angle is remarkably high for a segment of the Sagittarius Arm. We discuss possible interpretations of this feature as a substructure within the lower pitch angle Sagittarius Arm, as a spur, or as an isolated structure.
The spread of blood parasitic diseases in dogs in Barnaul city
Authors: Tikhaya N.V. , Ponamarev N.M. , Novikova M.Yu. , Fisenko Yu.N. , Plotnikova S.L.
Published: July 2021

Most blood parasitoses are transmitted by means of carriers - ticks or insects, which bodies undergo certain development stages or transmission is carried out mechanically. Dirofilariasis is a zoonotic disease of animals and humans carried by mosquitoes. The reasons for dirofilariasis spread are the unrestricted movement of animals from one region to another. To diagnose dirofilariasis, a microscopy method of a fresh blood drop was used. Diagnosis for babesiosis in animals was made based on clinical traits and results of microscopic examination of peripheral blood smears stained according to Romanovsky-Gimza. The study of the ixodic ticks’ prevalence as distribution sources of dog babesiosis was carried out in Barnaul in different parts of the city. The spring rise of babesiosis begins in late April and ends at the end of May, the summer period June-July is characterized by a low incidence rate. The autumn rise is from August to October, i.e., it coincides with ticks’ activity during this period. The incidence of ticks in Barnaul is not uniform. The largest range of ticks’ distribution is found in the highland part of the city.
Constitutional factors of autarcesis of the Orenburg goats
Authors: Nikitina S.V.
Published: July 2021

The paper shows the results of a comparative assessment of the seasonal and age patterns of autarcesis in Orenburg goats. Intact healthy goats were studied as control groups: 1st experimental group - breeding male goats (n=10), 2nd group – breeding female goats (n=10), 3rd experimental group - gimmer hogs (n=10), and 4th experimental group - young wethers (n = 10). The autarcesis is marked by humoral factors, for example, indicators of the bactericidal activity of the blood serum, lysozyme activity, and beta-lytic activity (thrombodefensin activity). The investigations have shown that the maximum values of the bactericidal activity of the blood serum were found in the autumn and winter times in the experimental groups. Their values were 73,75±1,07 %, 78,28±0,85 %, 65,89±1,16 %, and 71,16±0,71 %, respectively. The minimum values are determined in spring and summer. A similar pattern was found in the study of beta-lytic activity in the autumn-winter time, but the highest values were observed in the animals of the experimental group of 9.43±0.12% and 9.86±0.15 %, respectively. The decrease in the bactericidal activity of the blood and the beta-lytic activity in the summer time was recompensed by the values of lysozyme activity. Thus, the highest immunological indices were found in summer time. The highest values of white blood cells were found in the blood of the gimmer hogs and young wethers. Meanwhile, the studied indicators did not overstep the limits of the physiological standard. The data obtained are suggested to be used in breeding work for the reproduction of animals with a high level of autarcesis.
The current epizootic situation of rabies in Tajikistan
Authors: Muminov A.A. , Nazarova O.D. , Petrova O.G. , Kamolzoda F.B. , Pulotov F.Kh.
Published: July 2021

According to the Terrestrial Animal Health Code and the Veterinary Legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan, veterinary authorities register, give passport and vaccinate dogs and cats, but not to the full extent, which increases the risk of infection and death of people and animals with the rabies virus. This article presents the results of retrospective analysis of the epizootic and epidemiological situation and the role of carnivores and other animals in the circulation of the rabies virus in natural foci in Tajikistan’s regions close to big cities and areas under protection. Research and monitoring of the manifestation of rabies among carnivorous mammals in 4 regions of the country were carried out and the role in spreading of rabies infection was studied. As a result of study it was found that the most disadvantaged areas with high levels of rabies infection are Khatlon region and Central Tajikistan, and was explored connection between diseases of dogs and farm animals, especially cattle.
Diagnostic studies for common invasive and infectious pathologies of rabbits in the Orenburg region
Authors: Terentyeva Z.Kh. , Taiguzin R.Sh. , Matveev O.A. , Shakhbiyev Kh.Kh. , Kryazhev A.L.
Published: July 2021

Rabbits, like other animal species, are susceptible to infection with invasive and infectious diseases. Both ecto- and endoparasites are registered in them, including helminths, insects on the body, acarus scabies, protozoa. Rabbits are characterized by a high degree of precocity, high fecundity and the breadth of use of the products obtained from them. As a product of rabbit breeding, first, meat is in demand as a dietary product. Part of the products from rabbits - hair, wool-molt is obtained during the life of the animal, and meat, skins, other products - after slaughter. Skins and rabbit hair are used for the manufacture of fur products, as well as in the felt and knitting industry. In addition, biologists, doctors, veterinarians use rabbits as laboratory animals in scientific research, for testing cosmetics, as well as in laboratories and bio factories for drug testing. To preserve the population of these species, it is important to prevent infection with various pathologies inherent in rabbits, including invasive diseases.
Veterinary sanitary assessment of the quality of meat products and the morphofunctional characteristics of the muscle tissue of pigs fed a mineral adaptogen
Authors: Usevich V.M. , Drozd M.N. , Banda L.
Published: July 2021

Pigs are the most susceptible to stress. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to assess the effect of the mineral adaptogen on animal health and the quality of meat products. Research methods. The studies were conducted on piglets of a large white breed. With the use of hematological, immuno-biochemical, morphological methods of research and veterinary and sanitary assessment of the quality of meat products obtained. Results. It was found that the mineral adaptogen has a positive effect on the immune system, metabolic processes, and the reduction of stress-dependent glucose and cortisol levels. Scientific novelty. For the first time, comprehensive studies have been conducted showing the effect of mineral adaptogen not only on immunocompetent organs and immune indicators, but also a complex effect on stress resistance, reduction of toxigenic activity of feed, stabilization of metabolic processes in animals, and veterinary-sanitary and micromorphological assessment of the quality of meat products.
Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. fruits are a source of biologically active substances and high-quality feedstock for Food for Specific Health Use
Authors: Dunaevskaya E.V. , Gorina V.M. , Melkozerova E.A. , Кhеtagurov Kh.M. , Kozyrev A.Kh.
Published: July 2021

From the Southern Coast collection of Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. the fruits cultivars of the Nikitsky Gardens’ breeding Medovaya, Olenka, Rumyanaya Zorka and Idilliya were distinguished by their high taste qualities and the content of BAS. According to the norms of the Russian Federation, the fruits of these cultivars belong to the group of products with a high content of potassium and cuprum; satisfactory content of magnesium and ferrum, pastilles and jams from them belong to the group of products with a satisfactory content of potassium and cuprum. Cherry plum fruits, especially dark-colored ones, are a natural complex source of antioxidants, characterized by a high content of phenolic compounds and cuprum, and a satisfactory content of ascorbic acid and zinc. The content of pectin substances in the studied cultivars is comparable to that in apples. The fruits of the Idyllia cultivar with dark-colored pulp are distinguished by the maximum accumulation of pectins - 1.14%, ascorbic acid - 9.3, phenolic compounds – 441 mg/100 g, potassium – 11239, magnesium - 464, ferrum -10.81, zinc - 10.23, cuprum - 4.17, manganese - 0.228 mg/kg. Cherry plum fruits are characterized by a high content of BAS and are suitable for use in health nutrition both in fresh form and as raw materials for Food for Specific Health Use.
Changes in the amino acid composition depending on the pre-sowing treatment of seeds
Authors: Podlasova E.Yu. , Lebedev S.V.
Published: July 2021

The use of green mass of annual leguminous crops allows to get a rich amount of protein feed. Therefore, the quality of the green mass must be ensured in the context of sustainable crop production and feed efficiency. Apparently, the use of pre-sowing seed treatment with different-sized metal particles and growth regulators can affect the amino acid composition of crops. In the conducted work, it was found that pre-sowing treatment of seeds with UFP MoO2 increased the content of essential amino acids in peas - 5.75%, millet - 3.61, and in barley with UFP SiO2 - 4.01%. Similarly, UFP MoO2 stimulated the content of proline in the biomass of peas-1.82%, millet-0.15%, barley-0.32% compared to the control.In mixed crops of peas, millet, and barley, the content of leucine-isoleucine increased by -0.36%, lysine-0.13%, tyrosine - 0.04%, proline - 0.76%, threonine-0.36%, alanine - 0.27%, histidine - 0.02%, and glycine - 0.25% compared to the control. The amount of essential amino acids in the mixed crop under the action of the UFP MoO2 increased by 1.38%.
Unemployment and social security of the russian agrarian sector: theoretical-methodologic and organizational-practical aspects
Authors: Shilovtsev Andrei , Stozhko Konstantin , Stozhko Dmitri , Aleksandrov Oleg , Ojha Nishakant
Published: July 2021

The article provides a detailed analysis of causes and consequences of modern unemployment with reference to the Russian economy as a whole, and, its sector of agricultural production, in particular. The authors explore varied views on the phenomenon of unemployment in economic science. It is largely described as a consequence of a market economy deformation, resulting from the bureaucratization of management, in contrast to certain liberal treatments, focusing on a “free” (market) demand for labour. The authors give grounds for the necessity to abandon the so-called “effective contracts” as inappropriate under the conditions of the current macroeconomic instability and high socio-economic risks; in replacement, they suggest using more intensively the “social” and “fixed-term” labor contracts broadly accepted in the world.
Optimization of quality indicators of raw milk and dairy products
Authors: Ananeva Tatiana , Ostroukhova Vera
Published: July 2021

Milk is a part of many food products. In the expert assessment of raw material quality, primary attention should be paid to its microbiological safety, since poisoning with dairy products is a common cause of gastrointestinal tract diseases. The experiment was conducted on the basis of the Educational and Production Livestock Complex of the FSBEI HE RSAU – MAA n.a. K.A. Timiryazev (city of Moscow). The purpose of the study is to optimize the quality indicators of raw milk and dairy products. A method of raw milk processing has been studied to reduce the number of potentially dangerous microorganisms in the products produced from it. The fact of changes in organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters under the influence of an electromagnetic field is established; the quantitative and qualitative composition of milk and yogurt microorganisms is assessed. The article describes the issues of ensuring the microbiological safety of raw milk and suggests a method for optimizing the sanitary and hygienic indicators of dairy products, in accordance with the current requirements of regulatory documents.
Optimization of usage of the multimedia equipment
Authors: Zelenin A.N. , Jusupov M.L.
Published: July 2021

The occupations spent by means of the big screen, become more and more widespread way of training. On faculty of maintenance of transport and technological computers of faculty of transport-technological computers and tools of the Ural state agrarian university since 1996 the multimedia complex takes root into training. From the last developments it is possible to note:

*creation of a computer class of simulators-simulators of agricultural processes;

*development and implantation of interactive posters;

*development and implantation 3D computer models.

By preparation of bachelors in a direction «Agroengeniring» under the profile: «Technical systems in agrobusiness» at teaching discipline "Agricultural computers" for students 3 courses are applied the multimedia.
Agrarian society in transition: The adaptive potential of law
Authors: Taraborin R.S.
Published: July 2021

Agrarian society is considered in terms of the functional role of law in ensuring the adaptation of individuals and social strata (estates) to the transformations that occur in its transition to an industrial (modern) state. The universal functionalism of law is described as the most important integrating factor of agrarian society in the transition era. The special importance of civil law in realization of adaptation function of law is revealed. The dualism of positive and customary law, the reasons of its formation in agrarian society and its stabilizing influence on social and class structure and its stability are analyzed. The peculiarities of civil-legal dualism in Russian agrarian society are determined. The ways of possible transformation of legal dualism in the course of system transformation of Russian society in the second part of XIX - beginning of XX centuries are analysed in details. It proves that the insoluble dual structure of Russian civil law at legislative and law-enforcement levels has created significant limitations in the implementation of the adaptive function of law in the Russian transitional era.
Law of large numbers for a two-dimensional class cover problem
Authors: Ceyhan Elvan , Wierman John C. , Xiang Pengfei
Published: July 2021

We prove a Law of Large Numbers (LLN) for the domination number of class cover catch digraphs (CCCD) generated by random points in two (or higher) dimensions. DeVinney and Wierman (2002) proved the Strong Law of Large Numbers (SLLN) for the uniform distribution in one dimension, and Wierman and Xiang (2008) extended the SLLN to the case of general distributions in one dimension. In this article, using subadditive processes, we prove a SLLN result for the domination number generated by Poisson points in ℝ2. From this we obtain a Weak Law of Large Numbers (WLLN) for the domination number generated by random points in [0, 1]2from uniform distribution first, and then extend these result to the case of bounded continuous distributions. We also extend the results to higher dimensions. The domination number of CCCDs and related digraphs have applications in statistical pattern classification and spatial data analysis.
„Gewebehandling“ in der Thoraxchirurgie – Ergebnisse einer Delphi-Konsensuskonferenz der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie
Authors: Ried Michael , Kraus Dietmar , Kluge Jörg , Leschber Gunda
Published: July 2021

Hintergrund Ziel dieser Arbeitsgruppe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie (DGT) war die Erarbeitung eines Expertenkonsensus basierend auf dem Delphi-Verfahren zur Definition von „Gewebehandling“ (Behandlung von und Umgang mit Geweben) und Darstellung des intraoperativen Umgangs mit bestimmten anatomischen Strukturen bei thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffen.

Material und Methoden Eingeladene Experten (Fachärzte für Thoraxchirurgie; n = 93) bearbeiteten 2 aufeinanderfolgende elektronische Delphi-Fragerunden zu 4 Schwerpunkten: Durchtrennung von Lungenparenchym, Präparation/Durchtrennung von Lungengefäßen, Angioplastik/Gefäßanastomosen und Bronchusabsetzung/-plastik/-anastomose. Als Konsens wurde eine Übereinstimmung in ≥ 75% festgelegt. Bei der anschließenden Expertenkonferenz wurden die Ergebnisse der Delphi-Umfragen diskutiert und mittels TED-Abstimmung versucht, Konsens zu erzielen.

Ergebnisse In der 1. Fragerunde wurden jeweils 66 (71%) und in der 2. Fragerunde jeweils 33 (35%) Antworten gegeben. Strittige Fragen wurden durch eine finale Abstimmung bei der Expertenkonferenz (54 Teilnehmer; im Durchschnitt 55% Beteiligung) erneut diskutiert. Die Definition des Begriffs „Gewebehandling“ beinhaltet alle Verfahren zur Präparation, Durchtrennung, Versiegelung und Rekonstruktion von verschiedenen körpereigenen Geweben im Rahmen von thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffen (100% Konsens). Ebenso wurde der Begriff der „angioplastischen Erweiterung“ mit einem Konsens von 97% definiert. Ein Konsens wurde zudem bei der Technik zur Durchtrennung des Lungenparenchyms mittels Klammernahtgeräten, der erforderlichen Deckung von Anastomosen und des Bronchusstumpfes, insbesondere nach einer Vorbehandlung, erreicht (> 75%).

Schlussfolgerung Dieser Expertenkonsens definiert erstmalig den Begriff des Gewebehandlings in der Thoraxchirurgie. Des Weiteren führte dieser Delphi-Prozess zu einer umfassenden aktuellen Bestandsaufnahme unterschiedlicher intraoperativer Vorgehensweisen in der deutschen Thoraxchirurgie mit daraus abgeleiteten konsentierten Empfehlungen für das Gewebehandling an Lungenparenchym, -gefäßen und Bronchialstrukturen.
History, Variations, and Extensions of the Retrosigmoid Approach: Anatomical and Literature Review
Authors: Basma Jaafar , Anagnostopoulos Christos , Tudose Andrei , Harty Mikhail , Michael L. Madison , Teo Mario , Porter David G.
Published: July 2021

The retrosigmoid approach is the workhorse for posterior fossa surgery. It gives a versatile corridor to tackle different types of lesions in and around the cerebellopontine angle. The term “extended” has been used interchangeably in the literature, sometimes creating confusion. Our aim was to present a thorough analysis of the approach, its history, and its potential extensions. Releasing cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid spaces and meticulous microsurgical techniques allowed for the emergence of the retrosigmoid approach as a unilateral variation of the traditional suboccipital approach. Anatomical landmarks are helpful in localizing the venous sinuses and planning the craniotomy, and Rhoton's rule of three is the key to unlock difficult neurovascular relationships. Extensions of the approach include, among others, the transmastoid, supracerebellar, far-lateral, jugular foramen, and perimeatal approaches. The retrosigmoid approach applies to a broad range of pathologies and, with its extensions, can provide adequate exposure, obviating the need for extensive and complicated approaches.
Impacts of Neonatal Hospitalization on Families during the 2019 Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Vance Ashlee J. , Malin Kathryn J. , Chen Bingxin , Shuman Clayton J. , Moore Tiffany A.
Published: July 2021

Objective Limited data are available regarding family and financial well-being among parents whose infants were hospitalized during the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The study objective was to evaluate the family and financial well-being of parents whose infants were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during COVID-19.

Study Design Parents were recruited for this online, cross-sectional survey via support groups on social media. Data collection was completed between May 18, 2020 and July 31, 2020. The final sample consisted of 178 parents, who had an infant hospitalized in an NICU between February 1, 2020 and July 31, 2020. The primary outcomes were impact on family life and financial stability, as measured by the Impact on Family scale, an instrument that evaluates changes to family life as a result of infant or childhood illness.

Results Of the 178 parent respondents, 173 (97%) were mothers, 107 (59.4%) were non-Hispanic White, and 127 (69.5%) of the infants were born prematurely. Parents reported significant family impact and greater financial difficulty. Extremely premature infants, lower household income, parent mental health, and lower parental confidence were predictive of greater impacts on family life.

Conclusion Parents reported significant family and financial impacts during their infant's hospitalization amid COVID-19. Further studies are needed to guide clinical practice and inform family-supportive resources that can mitigate consequences to family well-being.

Key Points
The Friulian minority
Authors: Stolfo Marco
Published: July 2021

In the framework of linguistic or national minorities in Europe, the Friulian case can be considered, from several points
of view, an exemplary one. This applies not only to the historical development of its minoritisation and to the steadiness of its claims to
recognition and protection but also to the way, during the last decades, that the community has been trying to promote its language and
concretely affirm those fundamental rights related to the use of the language itself, through laws and actions of language policy and
planning.

The contribution aims to present the Friulian case, illustrating the evolution of legislation and policies and identifying
their impact on the language itself, its formal and informal use, its social presence, the community’s legitimation, self-representation and
delimitation, and the establishment of language rights.

It is an interesting path with noteworthy results. It is also a discontinuous itinerary, with ups and downs, in which most of
the protection rules (Law 482/1999 and the Regional ones 15/1996 and 29/2007) have not found real application.

Therefore, the language is still excluded from several fundamental contexts and, despite some encouraging data coming from
the most recent sociolinguistic research, its public use and its presence in education and in the media are still victims of old prejudices,
which inspire the contradictory choices of political and institutional decision-makers.

Friulian is at the same time a resistant and emerging language and a strongly minoritized one.
Disagreement realizations in Arabic
Authors: Hamdan Hady J. , Mahadin Radwan S.
Published: July 2021

This paper examines disagreement strategies employed by speakers of Jordanian Spoken Arabic (JSA) with a view to finding out whether variables like gender and social status affect the linguistic choices and disagreement strategies they employ. The subjects are 28 Jordanian Arabic-speaking students at the University of Jordan. The researchers analyze the students’ interactional recorded responses to a set of stimuli included in an oral (recorded) discourse completion task (ODCT) prepared for this purpose. The ODCT comprises six scenarios in which the respondent is requested to disagree with two peers, two higher-status interlocutors and two lower-status interlocutors. The findings show that male and female subjects’ disagreement strategies tend to be influenced by the topic under discussion rather than by the gender and status of their interlocutor. However, some topics are found to be more provocative to females than to males.
Face-oriented acts of empathy in psychotherapy
Authors: Yijin Wu
Published: July 2021

Using Conversation Analytic (CA) methods, the present study attempts to analyze the various functions of
face-based therapist empathy, and how they are sequentially realized in different psychotherapeutic settings. Four types of
face-based therapeutic functions are discussed; more specifically, it is illustrated how therapist empathy may serve to maintain,
enhance, threaten or even save the client’s face. The findings gained could contribute to a better understanding of the face-based
therapeutic functions of empathy; also, the study may inspire researchers to further investigate other functions of therapist
empathy in psychotherapy.
Effect of Biochemical Pretreatment and Nutrient Supplementation on Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Sugarcane Press Mud and Distillery Effluent
Authors: Bamba J.N.Y. , Almendrala M.C. , Caparanga A.R. , Doma B.T.
Published: July 2021

Laboratory-scale anaerobic digesters were fabricated and used in the co-digestion of press mud and distillery effluent to investigate the effect of pretreatments (biological/enzymatic and chemical/alkaline) and nutrient supplementation for enhanced biogas production. The findings of this study showed that maximum biogas yield (502.86 mL/g TVSadded) with maximum percentage of methane (55%) was obtained in combined enzymatic and alkaline (calcium hydroxide) pretreatment with addition of nutrients (i.e., B6). Combined alkaline pretreatment and nutrient supplementation resulted to a 55.07% increase in biogas yield compared to the control. Sole nutrient addition enhanced the yield by 64.38%. However, single alkaline pretreatment presented inhibitory effect which resulted to a 22.48% decrease in biogas production. Moreover, the percentage of methane gas in the biogas samples was between 14 and 55%. Samples dosed with enzymes resulted to better methane yields (>50%) than the samples without enzymes. Highest reductions in BOD, COD and TSS were also achieved in sample B6. Thus, enzymes, especially when combined with other methods, have potential for improving biogas production from sugarcane wastes.
Lead Removal by Hydrochar from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Food Waste
Authors: Tuyen Do Thi Hoang , Le Thai-Hoang , Pham Thi Phuong Thuy
Published: July 2021

Food waste recently emerged as a resource with a potential to be converted to hydrochar which could be utilized in various applications. In this study, we focused on investigation of the lead removal of hydrochar obtained from hydrothermal carbonization of food waste. Hydrochar was collected after hydrothermal liquefaction of food waste at 180°C for 2 h. The adsorption of hydrochar towards Pb 2+ in aqueous solution was conducted in batch mode to investigate the sorption kinetics, isotherm and pH edge. The results showed that hydrochar derived from food waste exhibits high performance in adsorption of lead from aqueous solution, achieving 160.21 mg g −1 removal capacity within the first 2 h of reaction. This indicated promising application as heavy metal sorbents of hydrochar from hydrothermal conversion of food waste.
Removal Ability of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria (Arb) and Antibiotic Resistance Genes (Args) by Membrane Filtration Process
Authors: Guo Yuting
Published: July 2021

Recently, the environmental pollution caused by the extensive use of antibiotics is becoming more and more serious, and the existence of antibiotics may accelerate the prevalence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), and thus endangering human health. The need for wastewater reuse is increasing due to the water scarcity, and membrane process including microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) has been widely used in wastewater reclamation process. Consequently, understanding the removal efficiency of ARB and ARGs in membrane filtration process is of great significance. The main purpose of this study was to determine the removal efficiencies of ARB and ARGs by different membrane filtration processes (i.e., MF, UF, NF and RO), analyze the influencing factors, and summarize the removal ability of different membrane filtration processes. In addition, the removal ability of ARB and ARGs by membrane-based integrated processes was studied, and suggestion on future wastewater reclamation was also proposed.
Analysis of the Fickle Fires in Global Regions
Authors: Yu Leyan
Published: July 2021

Forest fires occur in a wide range with distinctive fire elements, including fire size, expansion, speed and duration. To investigate when and where fire occurs in recent years and how the four factors differ in various regions, we here to analyse the chronological and terrestrial distribution of these fires, seeing the tendency to change four main fire elements. We focus on fourteen regions, including BONA (Boreal North America), TENA (Temperate North America), CEAM (Central America), NHSA (Northern Hemisphere South America), SHSA (Southern Hemisphere South America), EURO (Europe), MIDE (Middle East), NHAF (Northern Hemisphere Africa), SHAF (Southern Hemisphere Africa), CEAS (Central Asia), SEAS (Southeast Asia), EQAS (Equatorial Asia), AUST (Australia and New Zealand), BOAS (Boreal Asia. We finally conclude that the high level of precipitation, decrease in vegetation coverage and human intervention account for the decreasing fires in NHAF, SHAF, CEAS, NHSA. We also confirm that the increasing fires in BONA, TENA and MIDE are because of the rising temperature globally or more specifically, in these areas.
Investigation on the Impact of Covid-19 on Online Activities and Ecological Environment
Authors: Du Yuexi , Zhang Wenqi , Wang Zuogong
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 significantly increased people’s online activity time and has a good impact on the ecological environment. School students and highly educated groups are more optimistic about the environmental changes caused by the increase of online communication. The government should strengthen the guidance of online life, learning and working mode and the education of ecological environment.
Study of Earthquake Clustering in the Rushan Area
Authors: Jinhua Zhao , jianchang Zheng , Hong Li , Hanpeng Lu
Published: July 2021

Using the clumping earthquake identification method based on the nearest event distance algorithm by Zaliapin et al.[1-2] to investigate the characteristics of earthquake clumping for the Lushan earthquake swarm that occurred on October 1, 2013, the analysis of the results based on the calculated sequence development at different time periods shows that the seismic events in the Lushan earthquake sequence are basically still influenced by the larger earthquakes in the sequence as time passes, and the clumping of the sequence is obvious, with only a small fraction of “background earthquakes” [3-4] reflecting the regional stress state, with a clumping rate of 96%.
The Ecological Politics of the Belu Community in Preserving Nature and Supporting Sustainable Development
Authors: Fios F , Martoredjo N T , Benny
Published: July 2021

Political ecology is the relation between ecologically rooted social science and the principles of political economy and the reality of environment exploration. It aims to represent an alternative to apolitical ecology. The field synthesizes the central questions asked by the social sciences and ethics about the relations between human society and its bio-cultural-political complexity, and a significantly humanized nature. This article discourse the phenomenon on environment reality in Belu community, East Nusa Tenggara Province -Indonesia, especially the local community in Belu in relation with the environment. Research methods use phenomenological analyzes and literature review. Finding research that the local indigenous or community in Belu is doing political ecological to counter capitalism, strengthening indigenous local values, supporting sustainable development and protecting ecological justice. This finding can give inspiring to the local people in Indonesia and the other side of the world to take action to protect the environment and supporting sustainable development concept.
Thermodynamic Multi-Objective Optimization of an ORC-LNG Combined Cycle System
Authors: Yuan Zhaokuo , Wu Lijun , Zhang Ping
Published: July 2021

A thermodynamic model of a dual loop organic Rankine cycle (ORC) combined with liquefied natural gas (LNG) expansion system has been developed to analyze the thermodynamic performance for the purpose of recovering LNG cold energy and blast furnace slag water waste heat. Furthermore, a multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to solve the optimal solutions from the viewpoints of maximizing thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency simultaneously over the whole operating range of the combined cycle system. The results show that the optimal evaporation temperature and the intermediate condensation temperature of the first ORC (cycle A) are 83 °C and 19 °C separately. The optimal condensation temperature of the secondary ORC (cycle B) is -63 °C . The optimal gasification pressure and the supply pressure of the LNG expansion are 3.92 MPa and 0.20 MPa. At the rated condition, the ORC-LNG combined cycle system has the maximum thermal efficiency of 46.12% and exergy efficiency of 51.67%, with a 4.39 MW total net power output.
Wind Resource Assessment: Analysis of the Vortex Bladeless Characteristics in Puerto Cortés, Honduras
Authors: Ordoñez Orlando , Reyes Duke A
Published: July 2021

In the department of Cortés, many cities such as San Pedro Sula and Choloma truly invest in auto consumption installations for the residential and commercial sector; however, Puerto Cortés being one of the most prominent cities in Honduras, currently lacks any incentive of interest from its residents or authorities to implement distributive generation of any kind. Under this criterion, it was sought to study a renewable alternative distinct from solar energy suitable for its implementation in Puerto Cortés; Vortex Bladeless being a new concept in wind energy technology. A technical analysis was performed for the Vortex NANO device in situ to develop projections for a Vortex Tacoma device under the same conditions. The electrical performance of the device, the behavior of the wind resource and the power coefficient (Cp) were determined; analysis and results are based of the collected date on the 3rd quarter of the year. A demand analysis (load profile) in the residential sector to determine the range covered with one (1) Vortex Tacoma device given its projections.
Replacement of Palm Methyl Ester to Rapeseed Methyl Ester for Tar Removal in the Nong Bua Dual Fluidized Bed Gasification Power Plant
Authors: Tonpakdee P , Hongrapipat J , Siriwongrungson V , Pang S , Rauch R , Messner M , Henrich C , Pessl P , Dichand M
Published: July 2021

The blockage problem of tar in a biomass power plant is a main problem and it must be removed. Rapeseed methyl ester (RME) was imported and used as scrubbing solvent to scrub tar at a 1 MWel Nong Bua prototype Dual Fluidised Bed (DFB) gasifier in Nong Bua district, Nakhonsawan province, Thailand. Using local oil in Thailand is an attractive choice from economic viewpoint. Pervious lab test study on naphthalene solubility in different local oils in Thailand was investigated. Local palm methyl ester (PME) shows the competitive performance to the RME. In this research, PME was tested to scrub tar in an oil scrubber at the Nong Bua DFB gasifier plant. Gravimetric tar content after passed a PME scrubber was measured and compared to that from a RME oil scrubber. The results show that both solvents have similar tar removal performance due to their contents of ester, methanol, and glycerin are similar. In addition, viscosity of both solvents has no significant effect on tar removal. From the current research, therefore, PME has been used as solvent in an oil scrubber at 1 MWel Nong Bua prototype DFB gasifier with technical and economic reasons.
Assessment of CO2 Emissions Reduction Based on Different Insulation Materials in Residential Buildings: Example from Turkey
Authors: Akan Aytac Perihan , Akan Ahmet Erhan
Published: July 2021

In this study, the reduction of CO2 emissions caused by energy savings due to thermal insulation materials applied to the exterior of buildings was investigated. The study includes the evaluation of four different insulation materials including XPS, EPS, PUR and Rock Wool in terms of the reduction potential of CO2 emissions for all city centers in Turkey. Moreover, the optimum insulation thicknesses of the buildings that have both heating and cooling needs were determined for these insulation materials by means of Life Cycle Cost Analysis. The annual energy needs per unit area of the external walls of the buildings, which are insulated according to their optimum insulation thickness were determined and correspondingly the amount of fuel needed to meet this energy was calculated. In the study, CO2 emission values released from buildings to atmosphere were compared in terms of fuel amounts obtained from total energy demands during heating supplied from natural gas and cooling supplied from electricity of the residential buildings insulated with diverse insulation materials. Consequently, when CO2 reduction potentials of the buildings insulated with materials in the optimum insulation thickness are compared with those of the uninsulated buildings, insulation material providing highest potential in CO2 emission mitigation was to be found as Rock wool.
Exploring Supply–Demand Patterns and Flow Determinants of Global LNG During 2000–2018
Authors: Wang Y X , Wang N
Published: July 2021

Entering the 21st century, global liquefied natural gas (LNG) flows have undergone a structural change. Especially over the past few years, LNG supply-demand landscape has increased the complexity and unpredictability in the face of ever-changing energy markets. According to the data for LNG export-import, production-consumption, gas proven reserve, sea transport distance, trade price and energy policy, this study thus endeavors to explore global LNG supply-demand patterns during 2000–2018, highlighting recent development of LNG by regions and nations. Further, seven factors are considered in an extended gravity model of LNG to quantitatively assess the driving factors of LNG flows. Finally, policy implications are put forward, which provide useful information for energy sectors to understand the dynamic LNG markets and the determinants of these changes.
Automatic Optimization of Vertical Long-shaft Fire Pump Overload Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Jinfeng , Yang Zhijun , Lai Liangqing , Song Haiqing , Jing Chengming
Published: July 2021

As a typical large-flow high-head pump, the vertical long-axis fire pumps have the advantages of rapid startup, superior structure, and strong applicability in multiple occasions. In order to shorten the non-overload optimization cycle, CFturbo, ICEM and CFX are integrated by writing batch processing commands to achieve automatic multi-load and no-load optimization of vertical long-axis fire pumps based on Isight’s multi-disciplinary optimization platform. With the objective of achieving the non-overload characteristics of vertical long-axis fire pumps, the optimal Latin hypercube design is used to spatially sample the design variables of the impeller. After sampling, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize the design. The results show that, vertical long-axis fire pumps achieve non-overload characteristics within 1.5Q
0 after optimization, while the head and efficiency at the rated operating point are almost unchanged.
Impact of Al-doping on structural, electrical, and optical properties of sol-gel dip coated ZnO:Al thin films
Authors: Khlayboonme S Tipawan , Thowladda Warawoot
Published: July 2021

Aluminum-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films were coated on glass substrates using the sol-gel dip-coating technique. We investigated the effect of Al-doping level on the surface morphology, crystal structure, atomic bonding, and optical and electrical properties of the AZO films. The Al-doping levels in the sol-gel solution were 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 1.5, and 3.0% with a Zn precursor concentration of 0.50 M. The results show that the grain boundary increased with the doping level, while the crystallite size decreased from 27.2 to 14.2 nm. The AZO films were subjected to tensile stress. The Al-doping levels ≤ of 1.5% encouraged the intensity of the (002) x-ray diffraction peak. The center of the (002) peak shifted from 34.46° to 34.51°, and that of the

E

2

high

Raman mode shifted from 435.0 to 432.4 cm−1. Doping with 1.5% Al resulted in a maximum electron concentration of 4.7 × 1018 cm−3 with a minimum resistivity of 2.6 × 10−1 Ω cm and a mobility of 5.14 cm2/V.s. The Urbach energy increased from 88 to 120 meV with increasing doping level. For the AZO films doped with Al (≤1.5%), the analysis of the UV–vis spectra reveals that the position of the conduction band (CB) minimum of the films shifted from −0.16 to −0.21 eV and shifted outward from the valence band (VB). Further Al doping to 3.0% resulted in a VB shift toward CB. The optical band gap reached a maximum of 3.33 eV at 1.5% Al. The combination of tensile stress and electron density due to Al doping influences the shift in the optical band gap of the AZO films. The crystal structure, atomic bonding, and electronic band structure of ZnO films can be modified by Al doping.
Recovery of cellulose diacetate from cigarette butts and its use for formulation of hot melt adhesive
Authors: Kim Yong-Ho , To Kwang-Il , Om Chol-Yi , Hwang Yong-Su , Jo Myong-Il , Hong Yong-Bom , Mun Ho-Yong
Published: July 2021

Cigarette butts are one of the toxic residues and have a very serious impact on the environment. Recycling cigarette butts has a great advantage in saving the natural source and solving environmental problems. Cellulose diacetate obtained from extraction, purification and acid hydrolysis of cigarette butts and then was blended with low molecular weight partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol. The blend of cellulose diacetate and partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. To evaluate the viscoelastic properties of the blends dynamic mechanical analysis was performed. The lap shear strength and the 180° peel strength of the adhesive were estimated according to the content of the blends and the biodegradability in water was confirmed. The experimental results showed that the use of cellulose diacetate obtained from cigarette butts in the composition of biodegradable hot melt adhesives can be of great help in solving environmental problems caused by petroleum-based polymers and waste.
Conformal manufacturing of soft deformable sensors on the curved surface
Authors: Zhang Wanqing , Zhang Ling , Liao Yabin , Cheng Huanyu
Published: July 2021

Health monitoring of structures and people requires the integration of sensors and devices on various 3D curvilinear, hierarchically structured, and even dynamically changing surfaces. Therefore, it is highly desirable to explore conformal manufacturing techniques to fabricate and integrate soft deformable devices on complex 3D curvilinear surfaces. Although planar fabrication methods are not directly suitable to manufacture conformal devices on 3D curvilinear surfaces, they can be combined with stretchable structures and the use of transfer printing or assembly methods to enable the device integration on 3D surfaces. Combined with functional nanomaterials, various direct printing and writing methods have also been developed to fabricate conformal electronics on curved surfaces with intimate contact even over a large area. After a brief summary of the recent advancement of the recent conformal manufacturing techniques, we also discuss the challenges and potential opportunities for future development in this burgeoning field of conformal electronics on complex 3D surfaces.