bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF MEDIA COMPOSITIONS ON AMYLASE AND D-LACTIC ACID PRODUCED BY A POTENTIAL STARCH-UTILIZING BACTERIUM
Authors: Kanklang Ekkasit , Songsiriritthigul Chomphunuch , Yongsawatdigul Jirawat , Rodtong Sureelak
Published: October 2023

The high demand for amylase and lactic acid in various industries made enzyme and acid production from cheap substrates very attractive. This study investigated the effect of major medium constituents on amylase and D-lactic acid production by the potential starch-utilizing and optical pure D-lactic acid-producing Lactobacillus sp. SUTWR 73, to provide data for the efficient application of the lactic acid bacterium. Its amylase and D-lactic acid production was considerably affected by the addition of organic nitrogen tryptone to certain cassava starch concentrations as a carbon-source. While the other medium compositions: yeast extract and cheap nitrogen sources (soy protein, defatted rice bran, and spent brewery yeast) compared to tryptone as equal total nitrogen contents, did not have any effect on either metabolite production. The medium containing cassava starch (4.0%, w/v) and tryptone (4.5%, w/v) can be satisfactorily used for both products. The initial pH of the production medium was another factor affecting metabolite production. A suitable initial pH was 8.0 and 7.0-10.0 for amylase and D-lactic acid production, respectively. Amylase activity was detected at the early log growth phase while the D-lactic acid was produced at the late log phase. Understanding the relationship between amylase and D-lactic acid production from this study is important for designing an economical operating system for the direct production of D-lactic acid from cheap cassava starch without adding any commercial amylase as a substrate in pretreatment resulting in reduction costs of the production process.
The Mediating Role of Public Identity in the Relationship Between Social Media Service Quality and Visitor’s Satisfaction in Palace Museum, China
Authors: Jia Ni Zheng , Tarofder Arun Kumar , Ahmad Albattat
Published: October 2023

Purpose: This study presented the incorporation of social media platforms within cultural institutions has brought about a paradigm shift in the manner in which museum visitors interact with their surroundings, thereby facilitating enhanced accessibility to exhibits and cultivating immersive and participatory encounters. The present study aims to explore the implications of social media usage habits and social media usage behaviour on visitor satisfaction within the renowned Palace Museum in China with the present of mediating factor of public identity.

 

Theoretical framework: This study aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by conducting a comprehensive analysis of visitor perceptions and interactions with the social media offerings of the Palace Museum. By examining the influence of social media usage habits and social media usage behaviour on visitor satisfaction, this research seeks to provide valuable insights that can be utilised to enhance the digital museum experience.

 

Design/methodology/approach: The main research methods adopted in this paper is questionnaire survey. The questionnaire items designed in this study. The questionnaire is mainly designed from the perspective of tourist experience. This paper uses PLS-SEM statistical software to test the reliability analysis of each measurement variable of the questionnaire and carries out cumulative analysis of variance for these measurement variables. PLS-SEM is used to analyse the factors, and the relevant factors and fitting indexes are obtained.

 

Findings: The attribution of the substantial influence of tourist satisfaction to both the habits of tourist social media usage and their behaviour in utilising social media can be ascribed to a confluence of psychological, social, and informational factors. This discourse explores the rationales behind the pivotal role played by these dual facets of social media involvement in shaping the overall contentment of tourists.

 

Research, Practical & Social implications: The present framework offers valuable insights into the intricate dynamics that exist between one's virtual presence and their tangible experiences, particularly in the realm of contemporary travel. Through the strategic utilisation of these mechanisms, social media exerts a profound impact on the formation of tourists' expectations, the unfolding of their experiences, and the subsequent reflections thereof, thereby exerting a discernible influence on their overall satisfaction with their travel endeavours.

 

Originality/value: The study provides valuable insight on the global trend of museums embracing digitalization, the present study provides valuable insights into the optimisation of social media strategies. By focusing on the Palace Museum and its broader implications, this research aims to enhance visitor encounters by fostering greater fulfilment and engagement.
Nonequivalence Between Imprisonment and Fines in United States Sentencing Guidelines
Authors: Gunawan Teng Junaidi , Sholehuddin Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Objective: Seeking rational uniformity and proportionality of sentencing in United States Sentencing Guidelines. The United States has been establishing and updating its sentencing guidelines and structure based on the Sentencing Reform Act since 1984, aiming to improve the ability of the criminal justice system to fight crimes through an effective and fair sentencing system. Thus the objective here is to evaluate whether that aim has been met.
 
Method: Through normative research, the economic analysis of law was utilized to study the sentencing in the 2021 United States Sentencing Guidelines and its manual, especially comparing imprisonment and fine sentences. At the same time, comparing the imprisonment sentence and the fine sentence as the imprisonment alternative with the help of local economic variables, the minimum wage. The differentiation between the fine sentence or fines and its imprisonment alternative is calculated for each statute in the US Sentencing Fine, especially under §5E1.2.(c). (3). - Fines for Individual Defendants’ Fine Table, and combining it with the minimum and maximum values in Sentencing Table in §5A to find the differentiation value or reference value or each row to analyse if any pattern emerged. Then compare it with the second objective, the United States’s national minimum wage is used to calculate the minimum and maximum imprisonment statute to calculate the amount of money a normal person working legally in the worst condition, paid in the minimum wage, can collect in the same length amount of time. 
 
Results: This research shows that: a) there is no equivalence between imprisonment and a fine sentence in the United States Sentencing Guidelines, and b) imprisonment has lesser economic value than its alternative sentence. Both findings are against the purpose of seeking rational uniformity and proportionality of sentencing. The nonequivalence above demonstrates the structure and guidelines of the United States sentencing system, which have several excellences compared to the sentencing system of other countries, such as Indonesia’s prior Penal Code Book. However, the United States sentencing system is also flawed, which needs improvements in applying economic analysis and efforts to fix the flaws.
GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MANGANESE MINERALIZATION FROM THE POZHAREVO DEPOSIT, WESTERN SREDNOGORIE ZONE, BULGARIA
Authors: Hikov Atanas , Kouzmanov Kalin , Chavdarova Silvia , Stavrev Milen
Published: October 2023

The increased demand for raw materials requires to reassess some deposits that were not of economic interest in the past. Complex of modern geochemical and mineralogical methods (SEM-EDS, LA-ICP-MS, QUEMSCAN) are used to study the ore mineralization in the small scale Pozharevo manganese deposit, Western Srednogorie Zone, Bulgaria. The deposit is formed in the contact zone between Late Cretaceous andesite pyroclastic rocks and overlying volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks. Manganese mineralization forms colloform textures of alternating compositions from manganeserich phases (birnessite, hollandite, pyrolusite etc.), mixed silicon-manganese phases to silicon-rich phases and often brecciates volcanic clasts. In situ LA-ICP-MS study of trace elements shows significant amounts of Cu, Li, As, Sr, Mo, Ba, W, Tl, REE, some of them defined as critical raw materials. QUEMSCAN study demonstrates join deposition of Mn, K and Ba with volcanogenic-sedimentary origin while later pyrolusite probably is hydrothermal. Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics show hydrothermal-sedimentary origin of Mn mineralization but also it has common features with modern deep-sea polymetallic nodules and proposes similar paleogeodinamic environments. Our study shows that the Pozharevo manganese deposit has good potential for prospecting of critical elements.
GEOLOGY OF PERMIAN GRANITES OF THE KARATAU-NARYN ZONE AND THEIR PROSPECTIVE FOR RARE METALS (SOUTH KAZAKHSTAN)
Authors: Bulegenov Kanat , Rais Sayat , Muratkhanov Daulet
Published: October 2023

The studied intrusive massif is an ellipse elongated in the sublatitudinal direction. Only the eastern part, 2.2x4 km in size, is exposed on the earth surface. Under the sediments, the intrusion was traced by boreholes and aeromagnetic survey. The intrusion is a sheetlike body of a fractured nature, inclined to the southwest. A zone of marmorized limestones, as well as tremolite and wolastonite hornfelses, formed at the contact with the intrusion. Among the intrusive rocks that make up the massif, three successive igneous phases are distinguished. The first phase is represented by pyroxenites, biotite pyroxenites, alaskites, hornblendites, pyroxene-hornblende shonkinites and pseudoleucite facies, in which mesocratic and melanocratic syenites are distinguished. The rocks of the second phase are pyroxene-biotite and hornblend-biotite-pyroxene shonkinites, monzonites, syenites, which have gradual transitions. The rocks of the third intrusive phase are represented by biotite-pyroxene-hornblend syenites. A characteristic feature of syenites is the abundance of xenoliths of rocks of the first and second phases and marbles. The main rock-forming minerals of these rocks are orthoclase, hornblend, diopside-augite, minor ones: biotite, acidic or intermediate plagioclase, nepheline. The rocks of the intrusion are enriched in zinc, yttrium, copper, tin, molybdenum, vanadium, and lead. In addition, they contain increased amounts of cobalt and silver. Intrusions have been studied and their prospects for rare metals and rare earth elements have been evaluated.
LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF THE HARMANI-SOZOPOL BEACH-DUNE SYSTEM, BULGARIAN BLACK SEA COAST
Authors: Prodanov Bogdan
Published: October 2023

The Bulgarian Black Sea Coast is a well-formed mosaic of pockets, small, gravellysandy beaches, and erosion-prone or erosion-resistant cliffs. A significant portion of the depositional cost along the Strandzha sector includes sand beaches with frontal and stabilized dunes, whose high-resolution mapping is a major task in this work. Currently, unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are the main method for topographic reconstruction. The world's experience in UAS surveys and the rapid capture of hard-to-reach large shore areas are the reasons why we emphasize using drones to map coastal landforms. Based on high-resolution UAS-derived data, a map of depositional landforms was created for the Harmani-Sozopol beach-dune system for the first time. Raster RGB orthophoto mosaics have been used to digitalize and classify different types of dunes. Elevation data from DSM with 15 cm resolution were used to identify beach and dune morphological features: shoreline position, dune foot line, dune crest line, and stable vegetation line. The spatial analysis in the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) of the obtained elements allows an accurate assessment of the shoreline changes (erosion/accretion) and dynamics of the dune field. For the time period of 1918-2022, using the Linear Regression Rate (LRR) indicator, an average accretion rate of +0.02 m/yr was reported for Harmani beach-dune system. For the last 100 years, the area has registered a decrease in area by over 55% from 14.5 ha to 6.5 ha. The paper aims to present a multidisciplinary approach to the study of highly dynamic coastal landforms, the results of which would benefit local authorities in drawing up management plans for the Bulgarian Black Sea coast.
THE LIMESTONES FROM THE WALLS OF SEVERAL DOBROGEAN FORTRESSES AND THEIR POSSIBLE EXTRACTION AREA
Authors: Livanov O. , Banescu A. , Simionov M. , Pindic P. , Tudor M.
Published: October 2023

From a geological point of view, Dobrogea presents a wide variety of rocks specific to all three major petrological categories. Plutonic magmatic rocks are found especially in the Macin Mountains, in the form of granites or granodiorites, rarely diorites. Basaltic volcanic igneous rocks are mainly found in the Niculi?el Hills. Metamorphic rocks outcrop in the South of Tulcea County as Micaschists, on the border with Constan?a County, in the well-known Altan-Tepe mining area, but also isolated, to the Southwest of the city of Tulcea or in the Macin Mountains. Greenschist is another metamorphic rock that outcrops over large areas in central Dobrogea. But the most common are the sedimentary rocks, which are found all over Dobrogea in the form of Pleistocene loess deposits, Jurassic, Triassic or Cretaceous limestones, and Triassic or Jurassic sandstones. The abundance of rock deposits encouraged the native population to use them for various purposes, from building fortresses to using them as tombstones or as decorative objects. Limestone, a very widespread rock, was highly valued by the natives because of its medium hardness, but malleable enough to be processed.
In the present study, we analyzed the presence of calcareous rocks found in the walls of some fortresses in the North (Noviodunum, Aegyssus, Halmyris) and the Center (Ibida, Argamum, Enisala, Carsium) of Dobrogea and we tried to identify their geological distribution on a regional level.
The identification of the calcareous lithic material in the composition of the walls is quite simple and relies on visual analysis as the main method followed by the spilling of a few drops of HCl solution (10% concentration) over the stone to confirm the presence of CaCO3. Next, the source area of the limestone is determined by analyzing the geological studies, followed by a quick field campaign in the area where the rock outcrops. After examining the results, it can be concluded that calcareous rocks are present in all studied fortresses in different ratios. Also, in all fortresses, most of the limestone originates from the nearby area but this fact cannot be archaeologically confirmed because nowadays, the traces of ancient or medieval exploitations are not always sighted. So, based on this simple petrological study, we can assess many logistical aspects of past civilizations.
INVESTIGATION OF GROUND VIBRATIONS INDUCED BY IMPACT PILES DRIVING
Authors: Polukoshko Svetlana
Published: October 2023

The impact pile driving method is widely used for the reinforced concrete piles and metal tubular piles with a large weight. Pile driving is a dynamic process: the energy of heavy hammer impact on the pile head is transmitted through the pile shaft and pile toe to the surrounding soil, exciting vibrations of the soils particles and propagation further to the ground. Propagation distance is increasing with driving depth. Impact borned waves must be taken into account during construction work near existing buildings. In this paper the example of calculation the characteristcs of waves induces during impact driving of precast concrete piles into sandy soils are presented (analogically it may be clayey or loamy soil) [1, 2] Calculation is fulfilled using a dynamics block Plaxis 8v program, based on the finite element method. Using this program you can also refine the selection of a hammer by calculating a pile settlement from one impact.
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF HAZARDOUS WEDGES IN THE CROWN OF CIRCULAR TUNNEL
Authors: Xiroudakis George , Lazos Ilias
Published: October 2023

The stability analysis of underground excavations is a crucial part of the design of underground excavations. One of the most common collapse hazards derives from rock mass cracking which creates potential wedge blocks falling or sliding into the tunnel. Many researchers have addressed this subject and are trying to resolve this critical issue for the safety of underground tunnels. The most extensive research involves implementing finite or discrete element numerical algorithms to analyze wedges. However, this analysis is time-consuming; alternative short stability assessment techniques are based on classification systems (e.g., GSI, RMR, Q etc.). Another widespread technique is block-theory, which kinematically considers the possibility of overhanging block collapse into the tunnel. These blocks' safety factor (SF) calculation is analyzed by performing several techniques. The most known is the calculation of pull-out force and stress relaxation, as well as the technique of shear strength analysis also used in Rocscience's Unwedge program. In this paper, the SF calculation techniques are reviewed and compared. An alternative methodology of calculating SF is proposed to extend their application to non-symmetric and polyhedral wedges.
A PRACTICAL STUDY ON THE AIR-SHOCK CONTROL IN URBAN MOTORWAY SLOPE EXCAVATIONS BY BLASTING
Authors: Cihangir Ferdi
Published: October 2023

Blasting and mechanical excavation systems are the main methods used in the excavation of rocks masses in mining and construction works. Mechanical excavation is insufficient in the case of very hard rocks masses. Therefore, blasting is widely preferred for the excavation of hard rock masses. Environmental parameters such as ground vibrations, air-shock and fly-rock occur due to blasting. The magnitude of these parameters depend on the explosive per delay, distance between the measurement- and blasting points, geology and topography, blasting technique and blasting design. In this study, blast-induced air blast measurements were carried out at the same ground level as the blasting point and upper ground level point than the blasting point. Blastings were performed for the excavation of an urban motorway slope. Sand-bags were placed as barriers on the blast holes and capsules to investigate whether the air-shock levels could be reduced. Application of sand-bags was seen to reduce the frequencies of air-shock waves at the same- and upper level points. When the amount of explosive increased up to 2.67 times, air-shock levels only increased by 4.38% at the same level and by 5.51% at the upper level. However, frequencies of the air-shocks significantly decreased by 54.55% at the same- and by 48.51% at the upper level. This study suggests that the use of sand-bags as a barrier can significantly reduce the effects of blast-induced air shocks.
ROMANIAN COAL AND THE ENERGY TRILEMA
Authors: Tomescu Cristian , Cioclea Doru , Morar Marius , Stanila Sorina , Camarasescu Alexandru
Published: October 2023

Multiple crises in recent years, including the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the global energy crisis, the climate crisis, the decarbonization of the energy mix, the European Green Pact, the energy transition, the conflict in Ukraine, and the energy trilemma, have created the conditions for a new energy revolution.
If the listed influencing factors, the sanctions imposed on Russian oil and gas as well as the confrontation with the components of the trilemma, energy security, minimal impact on the environment and access to commercial energy for all are taken into account, ambitious commitments and programs to gradually eliminate fossil fuels (coal) from the energy equation and to replace suppliers of this type of fuels with suppliers of "clean fuels" will not be met by the established deadlines.
The economic and technical obstacles that must be surmounted to assure energy efficiency, energy independence, and sustainability impose a cost on the final consumers (domestic and industrial), who are constrained by certain affordability limits.
Can Romanian coal still be regarded a safety element for the national energy system under these circumstances? Although today's fossil fuel resources will sustain the Romanian economy at the present rate of extraction for another century, can they be adapted to meet environmental standards so that the cost of a kilowatt-hour of energy is affordable for all? Can the decarbonization of the energy sector be delayed in the current international context so as to minimize the risk of "energy poverty" among consumers and not increase Romania's electricity import?
The focus of the current research is on an analysis of the extractive industry's current state in respect to energy trends supported by the World Energy Council (WEC).
VENTILATION OF THE OSTRAVA-KARVINA COAL MINE IN ORDER TO ENSURE THE OPERATION AND EXTRACTION DURING MINING IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Authors: Vrtalova Petra , Palicka David , Hrinko Martin , Bubnik Jan
Published: October 2023

This chapter deals with the design of optimal ventilation of the Anna seam in the Ostrava � Karvina district, with regard to the parameters of the virgin mining field, depth of deposition, rock temperature, seam gasody and method of spreading. In the first part of the paper, the authors introduce a general description of the mining area, the then state of ventilation and microclimatic conditions. The second part of the paper describes the design of the method of dispersal of the Anna seam between 8�8/7 floors and the calculation of ventilation, temperature changes and necessary cooling capacities for preparatory mine workings in the Anna seam. The authors deal with the solution of wind speed, the possible use of air conditioning and ensuring the safety and health of employees at work. The authors proceeded from two options of ventilation of the proposed faces, namely ascending and descending.Each method of ventilation was individually calculated according to the conditions anticipated below, taking into account the calculations of the quantity, speed and volume flows of wind currents, with regard to the expected gas, dust and temperature at the given workplaces. The result of the work implies that it will be necessary to use portable air conditioning units when excavating the preparatory works. With regard to the economy of excavation and mining, it is clearly preferable to use the upward ventilation of the faces in the Anna seam. The whole work was aimed at ensuring the highest possible safety and health protection at the work of miners, especially to properly dilute mine gases (CH4), to achieve optimum temperature and dustiness. The increase in wind temperature by the technology used using electric motors, conveyors, loaders etc. was also taken into account. The flow rate of wind was also taken into account for the dilution of postexplosion blasting fumes.
WHOLE BODY VIBRATION EXPOSURES BETWEEN DIFFERENT QUARRY SITE VEHICLES: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Alfaro Degan Guido , Antonucci Andrea , Coltrinari Gianluca , Lippiello Dario
Published: October 2023

It is recognized that increased mechanization in mining has resulted in a larger number of workers exposed to longer durations of whole-body vibration (WBV) in mining work context. This physical agent is one of the leading causes for workplace disability and it is regarding of many mining operators that during daily activities use mining vehicles such as dozers, haul trucks, Load Haul Dump (LHD) vehicles and wheeled shovel. The present study was conducted in a typical mining context in order to investigate the effect of the WBV driver�s exposure on different vehicles and determine whether differences that exist in WBV exposures between different model trucks. The measurements WBV exposures were calculated per ISO 2631-1 (1997) by a tri-axial accelerometer fixed on the driver�s seat. The vehicles investigated are different and they carry out the same activities within the mining process. To further evaluate another important parameter, the effects of the vehicle wearing, the acceleration data were obtained on the same truck model of a precedent measurement campaign realized few years ago. The results point out that highest acceleration values were on the z-axis (vertical), the values respect the limits defined by the italian law and the data obtained in the previous campaign result comparable with the values obtained in this work.
NEAR-REAL TIME SOURCE PARAMETERS ESTIMATION OF THE INTENSE SEISMIC SEQUENCE RECORDED IN 2023 - TG. JIU AREA, ROMANIA
Authors: Craiu Marius , Craiu Andreea , Alexandru Marmureanu , Diaconescu Mihail , Mihai Marius
Published: October 2023

An intense seismic activity started on February, 2023, close to Targu Jiu city, in Gorj region (Romania), as part of the Getic Depression. The earthquakes were located nearby the contact between Getic Depression and the Carpathians orogen. The seismic sequence consisted of more than 3100 foreshocks with the highest magnitude of Mw=4.9 (occurred on 13 February 2023), respectively Mw= 5.4 (on 14 February). A stable and automatic method, implemented and optimized in the real time data acquisition and processing system (ANTELOPE) to estimate in real time the seismic moment, the moment magnitude and the corner frequency of events recorded by the velocity sensors, using spectral analysis applied to S waves. The purpose of this work consists mainly in the estimation of the source parameters (Mw, M0 and f0), combined with ground motion parameters using the velocity network of the NIEP, of more than 70 automatically located seismic events with Mw magnitude between 2.7 and 5.4. The main goals are the independent estimation of the seismic moment and common characterization for all events recorded by the velocity network.
THE GEOMAGNETIC STORM ON MARCH 13-14, 2022: SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS IN ULRA-LOW FREQUENCY RANGE
Authors: Chamati Maria
Published: October 2023

Geomagnetic storms cause disturbances in the Earth's magnetosphere, which differ in their spectral composition at different latitudes. The study of local spectral characteristics, both via remote sensing and ground-based data, provides valuable information on the dynamic processes in the Earth's magnetosphere and the longitudinal propagation of the corresponding disturbances.
The local spectral characteristics of the moderate (G2) geomagnetic storm that occurred March 13�14, 2022, are obtained. A time series of data recorded at Conrad Observatory, Austria, on the variations of the geomagnetic field along the X and Y directions in the ultra-low frequency (ULF) range corresponding to periods 1�900s is analyzed. Through the application of coherent analysis based on wavelet transformation, the time periods and frequency intervals where the two components of the geomagnetic field have a high degree of correlation with each other are determined. The Morlet wavelet method is then applied, and the power spectrum is found. Two types of ULF waves are clearly visible in the spectra of the Pc3 and Pc5 frequency bands recorded during the storm. Pc5 waves occur during all phases of the storm, while Pc3 waves mainly occur during the main phase. Their relationship with temporal changes in the parameters of the solar wind is studied.
CORE-SCALE ROCK TYPING USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
Authors: Sarmad Muhammad , Phan Johan , Ruspini Leonardo , Kiss Gabriel , Lindseth Frank
Published: October 2023

Rock typing is an essential tool for reservoir characterization and management in the petroleum industry. It is the process of grouping portions of a rock sample based on their physical and chemical properties. This process is currently done by experts in the industry, which consumes valuable industry resources. Precise and efficient rock typing can build accurate geological models, optimize exploration and production strategies, and reduce exploration and production risks. This work proposes a deep learning method to identify and classify rocks based on their pore geometry, mineralogy, and other characteristics. The proposed technique segments a micro-CT image into different rock types using a neural network for automated rock typing. We suggest using a UNet architecture for the neural network for this task. The network has been trained in a supervised manner on expert-labelled images. The method's performance has been evaluated using qualitative and quantitative metrics. The neural network takes less than 200 milliseconds to provide the rock types, which is much faster than a human expert. We perform an explainability analysis of the neural network using class activation heatmaps approach to get insight into the learned weights. Rock typing using deep learning can improve the petroleum industry's workflow.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF SURFACTANT ON SRB ACTIVITY DURING EOR
Authors: Biktasheva Liliya , Gordeev Alexander , Gilmutdinova Ilsina , Selivanovskaya Svetlana , Galitskaya Polina
Published: October 2023

Surfactants play an important role in enhanced oil recovery by creating an oil-water emulsion that will be easier to recover from the reservoir. It is known that sulfatereducing bacteria (SRB) can use surfactants as a carbon source, which can increase the biological accumulation of sulfides and, accordingly, the corrosion of oil production equipment. Thus, all new surfactants used in oil production need to be pre-tested for SRB. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four new groups of synthesized surfactants on the growth of SRB. The well-known commercial preparation Atren SA (sample No 3) became the control sample. The results show that in the initial growth inhibition test, samples Nos. 2, 3, 5 do not allow SRB microorganisms to grow when plating. In samples No. 1 and 4, minimal growth of microorganisms was noted. In experiments on survival in samples Nos. 2, 3, 5 with a pre-extended culture, the death of SRB cells was noted within 10 days. In sample No. 1, the preservation of viable cells at the level of control values was noted, in sample No. 4, a slight growth of the culture was noted compared to the control. Thus, it can be noted that three new synthesized samples cannot consume these surfactants, and can be effectively used in the future.
HAZARD FROM ELECTRIFICATION OF MATERIALS, COMPONENTS AND TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT INTENDED FOR USE IN POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES
Authors: POPA Catalin Mihai , PAUN Florin Adrian , GABOR Dan Sorin , RADU Mirela Ancuta , TAZLAUAN Anca Alexandra
Published: October 2023

The continuous development of human society from a technical-economic point of view is closely related to the increase in energy consumption. However, this implies the rapid depletion of existing fossil fuels and an accelerated increase in global pollution.
At the moment, to counteract these impediments, one of the most important sources that can be used for the purpose of energy production, without having a negative impact on the environment, is hydrogen.
Due to the fact that, when mixed with air, hydrogen can generate potentially explosive atmospheres, it is necessary to adopt and apply protective measures aimed at ensuring an acceptable level of protection in accordance with current regulations. These measures materialize mainly through the use of appropriately protected technical equipment in locations where potentially explosive atmospheres generated by the presence of hydrogen are possible. Some of these equipment�s are provided with non-metallic casings on which the type of protection of the respective equipment depends.
That is why, in order to demonstrate the ability of the non-metallic materials that make up the equipment casings, to maintain the specific type of protection after exposure to extreme, positive and negative temperatures, it is of particular importance to determine the thermal endurance of the respective casings by performing laboratory tests.
This paper highlights the importance of determining the thermal endurance in the case of equipment with non-metallic casings and non-metallic parts of the casings intended to be used in potentially explosive atmospheres generated by hydrogen, as well as the method and equipment required to perform laboratory tests for its determination.
COMPARING EMBEDDED SOLUTIONS FOR MECHANICAL VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF A 3D-PRINTED CYCLOIDAL GEARBOX
Authors: Socholik Dawid , Skrzypiec Aleksander , Turlej Tymoteusz
Published: October 2023

The vibration study of the cycloidal gear and the prevention of vibrations are important issues in the field of mechanical engineering. Cycloidal gears are used in many different applications, including industrial machinery, industrial robots and medical devices. Vibration tests of the cycloidal gear consist in identifying the sources of vibrations and determining their characteristics. As a result of the conducted research, the sources of vibrations can be identified and strategies for their reduction can be developed. Vibration studies of the cycloidal gear include spectral analysis, time-frequency analysis, vibration analysis, as well as verification of the impact of using other control methods (e.g. microstep control) on the generation of vibrations. A cycloidal gear made in 3D printing technology was used in the research. Ultimately, the gearing is to be used to move the robot's arm. The purpose of the research is to analyze vibrations, which will be used to control the robot to minimize vibrations, which will positively affect its accuracy and life. Ultimately, an active vibration monitoring system will be developed, where an Arduinotype microcontroller will be used. This system will monitor and warn against vibrations of dangerous amplitude. For the correct implementation of this system, tests will be carried out to compare the accuracy of the measurement using the developed system based on Arduino and the professional Digiducer 333d01 sensor.
CYBERTERRORISM AND SOCIAL ENGINEERING - METHODS AND COUNTERMEASURES
Authors: Kotkova Barbora , Blahova Marta
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the topic of cyberterrorism committed with the help of social engineering. It lists the means and methods used by modern cyber-terrorists but mentions in more detail the less common ones, which have a greater chance of success because they are not widely known. In the case of cyber terrorism or cyber war, the damage can become global. It is in the existential interest of every state or company to have a sufficient level of prevention against threats to its digital space and adequate settings of functional countermeasures. The article mentions these current countermeasures, especially the selected ones that correspond to the results of the SWOT analysis presented here. The topics of cybercrime include criminally punishable harmful behavior on the Internet such as Internet piracy (making illegal copies, illegal Peer-to-Peer file sharing, violation of copyright or industrial rights), dissemination of harmful content, a serious form of cyberbullying, cyber grooming, and cyberstalking. At present, especially the enormously increasing sophisticated organized crime, identity theft, or cyber-terrorism. From a general introduction to a better understanding of the topic, it goes on to a detailed description of individual current methods and focuses on the most frequently used techniques and methods of today like Watering Hole Attack, Cryptojacking, Pivoting, Credential Stuffing Attack, Website Defacement and Formjacking for example. In particular, social engineering methods, DDoS attacks, and password-cracking methods are described. Using an overview SWOT analysis, the article points out strengths and weaknesses, threats and opportunities concerning the currently most used methods of criminals. In conclusion, it presents the current requirements and measures, due to the constantly more sophisticated methods of modern attacks, for a secure organization and offers recommended procedures.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR REAL-TIME MONITORING AND VISUALIZATION OF LOAD IN URBAN PUBLIC OPEN SPACES BASED ON SPATIAL AND STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Cekule Marita , Mitrofanovs Ingus , Cabs Kaspars
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the information technology development for monitoring and visualization of the load of urban environment public open spaces and human behaviour. The problem of urban public open space load became actual both in everyday life and in the conditions of pandemics. The offered information technology includes several dynamic or real-time data acquisition modules, data server with data processing, clustering and simulation functions and mobile application for end users on their mobile devices. A mobile application warns on public open space load at a certain level of density, recommends residents to visit territory in another times or offer less congested areas or other nearby public open spaces. The solution will also be able to facilitate the events by controlling and gradually changing the flow of visitors.
Mobile application will offer users statistical data analysed from the STATBOX registrations modules placed in the parks. This data includes information on activities of the visitors, the number of the visitors in them in real time, visitors with animals, possibilities of recreation at the territory, park load as well as distance to the park and transportation possibilities. The messaging section will provide the possibility to users to send information about pleasant/unpleasant situations as well an interactive social survey. In addition to the information technology, methodology and recommendations for urban public open space visitor load assessment is being developed.
TOPO GEODESIC MEASUREMENTS REGARDING MONITORING OVER TIME OF MOVEMENTS OCCURRING ON THE CONSOLIDATION SYSTEM FOR A HOUSING BUILDING LOCATED ON FABRICII STREET, CLUJ-NAPOCA
Authors: BONDREA Mircea Vasile , VERES Ioel , NAS Sanda , ISAC Dorin Mihai , BONDREA Bianca Raluca
Published: October 2023

The field of construction is currently one of the most stable and active fields of activity. It presents complex activities that are done in phase and chronologically until the end of completion execution stage. Realization of the foundation or its characteristic elements it includes a number of preparatory activities such as: land preparation and release of various tasks, shoveling and ground consolidation. The type of consolidation it is chosen according to the depth of the escape and It is about choosing a suppor solution that take over the earth's push and the overloads generated by neighboring constructions, respectively to ensure their non-affect. One type of consolidation It is the solution withe bore pilots which at the top are solidarised by means of a continuous coronation beam, perimeter and reinforced concrete. The main objective of this article It involves follow Up the building behavior of a coronament beam under the action of various disruptive factors. Data relating to certain movements or deformations are obtained from cycles of measurements made at approximately equal intervals of time. In the stabilization of certain deficiencies, the climatic conditions at the moment of the measurements are taken into account, excavations that are carried out in the pilot area, the aggregates layers established by the geotechnical study and other types of works that are carried out according to the execution schedule. The data obtained is used to ensure a normal performance of the execution stage.
"GURGISTAN VILAYET MAP" CARTOGRAPHIC-GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Nikolaishvili Dali , Tskhvaradze Maia , Sartania David , Tolovardava Revaz , Maglakelidze Robert
Published: October 2023

Analysis of old cartographic sources provides an opportunity to create a retrospective picture of the past. One of these important sources for study is "Map of Gurjstani vilayet" published by Al. Aslanikashvili in 1953, The map (which) was compiled according to the Ottoman document of the 16th century. The document reflects the period when the southern part of South Georgia was part of the Ottoman Empire under the name of the province of Gurjistani Vilayet (Samtskhe-Saatabago). Today, the largest part of this territory is included in Samtskhe-Javakheti region of Georgia, and the rest is outside of Georgia. In different sources, this area is known as South-west Georgia. The research was carried out in a interdisciplinary manner. As a result of the research, the Ottoman notebooks of the XVI-XIX centuries were analysed, based on which a number of objects were identified and their localization (political-administrative / physicalgeographic) was determined. A number of socio-economic indicators of the administrative-territorial units of the Georgian Vilayet (Liva, Nahye) were also analysed: the number and density of the population, the peculiarities of the territorial distribution of the agricultural structure and the main agricultural branches, traces of the presence of the Georgian substratum.
ANALYSIS OF MICROPOLLUTANTS IN URBAN WATER RUN-OFF
Authors: Hrudkova Lenka , Wittmanova Reka , Skultetyova Ivona , Stanko Stefan , Hrudka Jaroslav
Published: October 2023

Changing climatic conditions in urbanized areas enormously impact the quality of life in urbanized areas. Persistent prolonged dry periods, extreme downpours with heavy heaviness or prolonged rainfall are an extreme problem for effective water management in cities. Extreme weather changes also risk the environment when infiltrating or relieving highly contaminated water from the first run-off. These wastewaters are a potential source of groundwater and surface water pollution in which various pollutants are concentrated. In our research, we focus on evaluating water quality from surface run-off with an emphasis on concentrations of micropollutants. The analyses aim to assess concentrations of heavy metals, microplastics, and other pollutants in surface run-off concerning recipient water quality and groundwater quality. The research focuses on evaluating the current state of stormwater management in urbanized areas with a focus on the spread of pollution and the possibility of capturing such contaminated water with subsequent disposal to a wastewater treatment plant.
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE NEW FISHING PORT ON THE HYDRO AND MORPHODYNAMIC REGIME IN CHERNOMORETS BAY
Authors: Eftimova Petya , Valchev Nikolay , Andreeva Nataliya , Prodanov Bogdan , Dimitrov Lyubomir
Published: October 2023

Since putting in operation of Chernomorets fishing port (Sozopol municipality, southern Bulgarian Black Sea coast) in January 2016, a number of negative effects have been observed in the area. The disturbance in the existing hydrodynamic balance led to intense coastal erosion and unwanted sand accumulation in the wave shadow area. Additionally, the coastal water quality has deteriorated in the port area. In order to undertake measures to mitigate the observed adverse effects, it is necessary to assess in detail the impact of the new facility on the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic regime in Chernomorets Bay.
The assessment was done through geospatial morphological analysis based on satellite images, historical and present field observations, on one hand, and hydrodynamic and morphodynamic modelling, on the other one, which took into account the setting before and after the port construction. Typical seasonal wave conditions, related sea level variations, and a real storm situation based on field measurements during a storm surge event were simulated. The geospatial morphological analysis shows that there was a balance in the distribution of sandy material along the beach before the port construction. After the construction, a fast modification of the beach and bottom slope morphology has taken place resulting in ever increasing erosion in the north-western and western part of the bay and accumulation in the central and south-eastern one, accompanied by slope flattening. The modelling showed that the effect of the new port on the sediment dynamics is significant and completely irreversible in natural manner. This is due to the severely reduced natural system control on sediment fluxes balance. The presently observed beach erosion and coastal abrasion are expected to pursue, thus expanding the affected by both erosion and unwanted accumulation areas.
THE PROBLEM OF SAFETY DRINKING WATER SUPPLY IN TBILISI
Authors: Tsivtsivadze Nodar , Bregvadze Giorgi , Trapaidze Vazha , Lagidze Lamzira , Tsintsadze Nunu
Published: October 2023

Among the many factors affecting the average life expectancy and mortality of the population, along with the effective services of the health care system, an important place is occupied by the ecological condition of the environment, in particular, the quality of the security of its resources for human health. Providing the population with safe, clean, drinking water is one of the most important factors in the world and among them in Georgia. According to the data of the World Health Organization, almost 2 billion people around the world suffer from a shortage of safe drinking water. Today, 1 billion 200 million people around the world suffer from a lack of safe drinking water.
The water consumed by modern society contains hundreds of thousands of different types of pollutants. Contaminated drinking water accelerates the aging process of the body by 30%. Under drinking water, we mean such water, the consumption of which does not cause negative changes in the health of the population. Problem urgency in Georgia has become due to increment of frequency, number infectious and carcinogenic diseases of unknown origin. Presumably one of the main reasons of population low life expectancy, infants and maternal mortality high rate, women breast cancer cases increment, pregnancy interruption etc. in country is the drinking water low quality and its disinfection by chlorine. In the presented article the results of drinking water supply main reservoir of Tbilisi ecological state research are discussed.
USE OF COPERNICUS METEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR THE PURPOSES OF HYDROLOGICAL MODELING
Authors: Koshinchanov Georgy , Stoyanova Silviya
Published: October 2023

Floods are one of the most devastating hazardous events often causing destruction of infrastructure and loss of lives. In order to mitigate negative flood impact a reliable hydrological forecast is of great importance. Thus using trustworthy information on the meteorological elements that mostly contribute to the occurrence of floods � precipitation and temperatures, is essential.
Although the accuracy of the global forecasting models like ECMWF, GFS etc. has improved a lot, still sometimes there are extreme meteorological events not well forecasted or even missed. Given these cases hydrological forecasts also show to be ineffective with not having well forecasted certain events neither having warnings issued. That is why it is important to have robust meteorological analysis and reanalysis data using any available information from stations, radars, satellites, etc.
An assessment of the results of modelling the hydrological processes in a watershed using Copernicus� ERA5 climate reanalysis data is presented in this paper. MIKE 11-NAM hydrological module for rainfall-runoff modelling was applied over Fakiyska river basin in Bulgaria and two meteorological datasets (dry temperature at 2 m and precipitation) for the period 2017-2022 were used: one with observed data and the other one with Copernicus� ERA5 climate reanalysis.
As a first iteration the hydrological model was applied using observed meteorological data and was further calibrated and validated towards measured discharge data. Next the hydrological processes in the watershed were simulated again using meteorological information for the same period from ERA5 climate reanalysis data.
An analysis of the observed meteorological data and the ERA5 dataset was performed prior to comparing the results of the hydrological modelling with the ERA5 dataset to the results of the modelling with observed data. Finally the results of both the scenarios were analyzed for evaluating model performance using ERA5 dataset.