bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Capabilities at Samsung: Optimizing Internal Co-Opetition
Authors: Song Jaeyong , Lee Kyungmook , Khanna Tarun
Published: August 2016

This article presents a clinical study, based on a decade of ongoing research at Samsung Group, that describes how the Samsung Group and its mobile phone division competed successfully in smartphones. The ability to manage co-opetition—simultaneous forces of competition and cooperation within the business group—is a particular dimension of dynamic capability that has stood Samsung in excellent stead. Relying on internal exhortations to cooperate often leads to a lack of dynamism, whereas untrammeled competition leaves proverbial synergies entirely untapped and spawns duplicative investments. Samsung, however, has succeeded by its ability to strike a balance between the two.
The potential role of biomarkers in predicting gestational diabetes
Authors: Brink Huguette S , van der Lely Aart Jan , van der Linden Joke
Published: August 2016

Gestational diabetes (GD) is a frequent complication during pregnancy and is associated with maternal and neonatal complications. It is suggested that a disturbing environment for the foetus, such as impaired glucose metabolism during intrauterine life, may result in enduring epigenetic changes leading to increased disease risk in adult life. Hence, early prediction of GD is vital. Current risk prediction models are based on maternal and clinical parameters, lacking a strong predictive value. Adipokines are mainly produced by adipocytes and suggested to be a link between obesity and its cardiovascular complications. Various adipokines, including adiponectin, leptin and TNF&, have shown to be dysregulated in GD. This review aims to outline biomarkers potentially associated with the pathophysiology of GD and discuss the role of integrating predictive biomarkers in current clinical risk prediction models, in order to enhance the identification of those at risk.
Epidemiological characteristics and methodological quality of meta-analyses on diabetes mellitus treatment: a systematic review
Authors: Wu Xin Yin , Lam Victor C K , Yu Yue Feng , Ho Robin S T , Feng Ye , Wong Charlene H L , Yip Benjamin H K , Tsoi Kelvin K F , Wong Samuel Y S , Chung Vincent C H
Published: August 2016

Objective

Well-conducted meta-analyses (MAs) are considered as one of the best sources of clinical evidence for treatment decision. MA with methodological flaws may introduce bias and mislead evidence users. The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics and methodological quality of MAs on diabetes mellitus (DM) treatments.

Design

Systematic review.

Methods

Cochrane Database of Systematic Review and Database of Abstract of Reviews of Effects were searched for relevant MAs. Assessing methodological quality of systematic reviews (AMSTAR) tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of included MAs. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify association between characteristics of MA and AMSTAR results.

Results

A total of 252 MAs including 4999 primary studies and 13,577,025 patients were included. Over half of the MAs (65.1%) only included type 2 DM patients and 160 MAs (63.5%) focused on pharmacological treatments. About 89.7% MAs performed comprehensive literature search and 89.3% provided characteristics of included studies. Included MAs generally had poor performance on the remaining AMSTAR items, especially in assessing publication bias (39.3%), providing lists of studies (19.0%) and declaring source of support comprehensively (7.5%). Only 62.7% MAs mentioned about harm of interventions. MAs with corresponding author from Asia performed less well in providing MA protocol than those from Europe.

Conclusions

Methodological quality of MA on DM treatments was unsatisfactory. There is considerable room for improvement, especially in assessing publication bias, providing lists of studies and declaring source of support comprehensively. Also, there is an urgent need for MA authors to report treatment harm comprehensively.
Transcription factor ZFP38 is essential for meiosis prophase I in male mice
Authors: Yan Zechen , Fan Dandan , Meng Qingjun , Yang Jinjian , Zhao Wei , Guo Fei , Song Dongjian , Guo Ruiming , Sun Ke , Wang Jiaxiang
Published: August 2016

The production of haploid gametes by meiosis is a cornerstone of sexual reproduction and maintenance of genome integrity.Zfp38mRNA is expressed in spermatocytes, indicating that transcription factor ZFP38 has the potential to regulate transcription during meiosis. In this study, we generatedZfp38conditional knockout mice (Zfp38flox/flox,Stra8-Cre, hereafter calledZfp38cKO) and found that spermatogenesis did not progress beyond meiosis prophase I inZfp38cKO mice. Using a chromosomal spread technique, we observed thatZfp38cKO spermatocytes exhibited a failure in chromosomal synapsis observed by SYCP1/SYCP3 double staining. Progression of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) repair is disrupted inZfp38cKO spermatocytes, as revealed by γ-H2AX, RAD51 and MLH1 staining. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of DSB repair enzymes and factors that guide their loading onto sites of DSBs, such as RAD51, DMC1, RAD51, TEX15 and PALB2, were significantly reduced inZfp38cKO spermatocytes. Taken together, our data suggest that ZFP38 is critical for the chromosomal synapsis and DSB repairs partially via its regulation of DSB repair-associated protein expression during meiotic progression in mouse.
Weed Decision Threshold as a Key Factor for Herbicide Reductions in Site-Specific Weed Management
Authors: San Martín Carolina , Andújar Dionisio , Barroso Judit , Fernández-Quintanilla Cesar , Dorado José
Published: August 2016

The objective of this research was to explore the influence that weed decision threshold (DT; expressed as plants m−2), weed spatial distribution patterns, and spatial resolution of sampling have on potential reduction in herbicide use under site-specific weed management. As a case study, a small plot located in a typical corn field in central Spain was used, constructing very precise distribution maps of the major weeds present. These initial maps were used to generate herbicide prescription maps for each weed species based on different DTs and sampling resolutions. The simulation of herbicide prescription maps consisted of on/off spraying decisions based on information from two different approaches for weed detection: ground-based vs. aerial sensors. In general, simulations based on ground sensors resulted in higher herbicide savings than those based on aerial sensors. The extent of herbicide reductions derived from patch spraying was directly related to the density and the spatial distribution of each weed species. Herbicide savings were potentially high (up to 66%) with relatively sparse patchy weed species (e.g., johnsongrass) but were only moderate (10 to 20%) with abundant and regularly distributed weed species (e.g., velvetleaf). However, DT has proven to be a key factor, with higher DTs resulting in reductions in herbicide use for all the weed species and all sampling procedures and resolutions. Moreover, increasing DT from 6 to 12 plants m−2resulted in additional herbicide savings of up to 50% in the simulations for johnsongrass and up to 28% savings in the simulations for common cocklebur. Nonetheless, since DT determines the accuracy of patch spraying, the consequences of using higher DTs could be leaving areas unsprayed, which could adversely affect crop yields and future weed infestations, including herbicide-resistant weeds. Considering that the relationship between DT and accuracy of herbicide application depends on weed spatial pattern, this work has demonstrated the possibility of using higher DT values in weeds with a clear patchy distribution compared with weeds distributed regularly.
Mangla reservoir, Pakistan – approaching 50 years of service
Authors: Ackers John , Hieatt Michael , Molyneux J. Dominic
Published: August 2016

The first issue, dated May 1967, of the newsletter of the British National Committee on Large Dams, now the British Dam Society, contained a brief item about Mangla reservoir, Pakistan: ‘The first stage impounding of water in the reservoir formed by Mangla, Sukian and Jari Dams was expected to take place in March, 1967.’ Mangla Dam project was the largest embankment dam project in the world at that time. The 260 km2 reservoir was formed by three major dams. The original designs included provision for raising the dams by up to 12 m to offset sedimentation. In 2000, the Government of Pakistan decided to exploit the raising provisions and thereby store flood water that would otherwise be routinely released. Advances in geotechnical and seismic engineering, changes in design parameters and information from 40 years performance of the dams were taken into account in revisiting the designs for the raising. Construction for a 9 m raise in conservation level began in 2004 and was completed in December 2009 requiring about 31 × 106 m3 of fill materials. The total length of dam embankment is 14 km, maximum height 148 m. It is one of the largest dam raising projects ever undertaken.
Coronary Revascularization in Patients with CKD Stage 5D: Pragmatic Considerations
Authors: Shroff Gautam R. , Herzog Charles A.
Published: August 2016

Coronary revascularization decisions for patients with CKD stage 5D present a dilemma for clinicians because of high baseline risks of mortality and future cardiovascular events. This population differs from the general population regarding characteristics of coronary plaque composition and behavior, accuracy of noninvasive testing, and response to surgical and percutaneous revascularization, such that findings from the general population cannot be automatically extrapolated. However, this high-risk population has been excluded from all randomized trials evaluating outcomes of revascularization. Observational studies have attempted to address long-term outcomes after surgical versus percutaneous revascularization strategies, but inherent selection bias may limit accuracy. Compared with percutaneous strategies, surgical revascularization seems to have long–term survival benefit on the basis of observational data but associates with substantially higher short–term mortality rates. Percutaneous revascularization with drug-eluting and bare metal stents associates with a high risk of in-stent restenosis and need for future revascularization, perhaps contributing to the higher long–term mortality hazard. Off–pump coronary bypass surgery and the newest generation of drug–eluting stent platforms offer no definitive benefits. In this review, we address the nuances, complexities, and tradeoffs that clinicians face in determining the optimal method of coronary revascularization for this high-risk population.
Associations between adolescents’ sleep duration, sleep satisfaction, and suicidal ideation
Authors: Kim Yoonjung ,   Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Kim Kyunghee , Kwon Hye-Jin , Kim Ji-su
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Introduction. Both sleep and suicide are important issues among adolescents. Despite the extensive literature explaining short sleep duration as an important suicide risk factor, most previous studies did not consider sleep quality.

Objective. This study identified associations between sleep duration, sleep satisfaction, and suicidal ideation in adolescents.

Method. This cross-sectional study analyzed 58 848 adolescents using raw data from the tenth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey conducted by Korea’s Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Analyses incorporated sampling weights to account for the complex sampling design.

Results. In multivariate analysis, suicidal ideation of participants sleeping less than four hours was 1.36 times higher than that of participants sleeping more than nine hours. Sleep satisfaction was 1.20 times higher when moderate, 1.38 times higher when dissatisfied, and 1.64 times higher when very dissatisfied than when very satisfied.

Discussion and conclusion. It is necessary not only to improve sleep quality, but also to extend sleep duration in order to prevent adolescent suicide. If it is actually difficult to extend sleep duration due to school, a plan to increase subjective sleep satisfaction by improving sleep quality is required. This study showed the association between sleep duration and sleep satisfaction in adolescents. Therefore, in order to prevent adolescent suicide, it is necessary not only to extend their sleep duration, but also to improve their sleep quality.
Expression of IGF1R, IGFBP4 and IGFBP5 genes in U87 glioma cells upon glutamine deprivation
Authors: Kharkova A. , Minchenko O.
Published: August 2016

We have studied the expression of insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP4 and IGFBP5) genes in U87 glioma cells upon glutamine deprivation condition in relation to inhibition of ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nuclei signaling 1), a sensor and signaling enzyme of endoplasmic reticulum stress, which control cell proliferation. It was shown that exposure control glioma cells upon glutamine deprivation condition leads to up-regulation of IGFBP4 and down-regulation of IGF1R expression at the mRNA level in control glioma cells, but IGFBP5 gene expression in these cells does not depend upon glutamine deprivation. At the same time, inhibition of IRE1 modifies the effect of glutamine deprivation on the expression of IGFBP5 gene because in glioma cells without functional activity of ERN1 glutamine deprivation leads to suppression of this IGFBP. We have also shown that the expression of all studied genes in glioma cells is regulated by ERN1 signaling enzyme at standard condition because ERN1 inhibition significantly enhances the expression of IGFBP4 and IGFBP5 genes. Proteins encoded by these genes are major inhibitors of pro-proliferative activity of insulin-like growth factors IGF1 and IGF2. We have also shown upregulation of the expression level of IGF1R gene in glioma cells with ERN1 knockdown as compared to control glioma cells. Results of this study shown that glutamine deprivation affects the expression of studied genes and that ERN1 inhibition preferentially changes these genes expression.
Representatives of the Magnoliaceae juss. family growing upon different climatic conditions from the botanical gardens collections of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and Leathuenian university
Authors: Palagecha R. , Taran N. , Galeniece A. , Tomsone S.
Published: August 2016

Has been described the phenology of deciduous magnolias growing ex situ in botanical gardens of Acad. O.V Fomin SRC "Institute of Biology" National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv and the University and Latvia (Riga). 9 species, 1 variety and 3 hybrids identical for both collections of botanical gardens were selected and used for phenological observations. The studied plants were resistant to winter and summer climatic factors, were marked the parameters that determine their plasticity in less precipitation in Ukraine and Latvia, as compared to the places of their natural habitat, and expanding the use of exotic species in landscaping design of the megapolises.
Semantic Limits of the Concept “Non-Fiction Book”
Authors: Zelinska Anastasiia
Published: August 2016

In this study, the author proposed a terminologisation of the concept “non-fiction book” in the framework of Ukrainian theory of publishing. The relevance of the study is stipulated by the emergence in Ukrainian publishing space of the concept “non-fiction book”, which is widely used by publishers, authors, booksellers, literary managers and readers, while the term “non-fiction book” is not clearly defined in Ukrainian academic sphere and is absent in Ukrainian dictionaries.

The main objectives of the study are: to summarize results of interdisciplinary discussions over the concept “non-fiction” in Ukrainian and foreign scientific discourses; to clarify the features and peculiarities of different professional approaches; and to define the semantic framework for interpretation of the concept “non-fiction book” in Ukrainian publishing.

In the study, the author applied the following research methods: bibliographical method (to study the literature sources); conceptual analysis (to work out the basic terms and concepts); analysis and synthesis (to study the nature of the usage of terms and to identify their features); synthesis (to shape the own definition of the concept “non-fiction”).

Having considered the various foreign definitions of the term “non-fiction”, the author came to the conclusions that it is predominantly used in two major senses – a broad and a narrow. In a broader sense, “non-fiction” is a literature that does not contain an artistic fiction. In this sense the term is widely used by the booksellers, authors and readers. In a narrow sense, ‘non-fiction” is a literature that is based on real events, documents, facts and biographies, interpreted by the author through artistic means without distorting the actual events of the story. The concept “non-fiction book” refers to the publications, the content of which is based not only on documents and facts, but also includes the author’s interpretation. The proposed terminologisation of the concept “non-fiction book” in the framework of Ukrainian theory of publishing can be used in further academic research in the relevant fields of study.
Catalytic Activity in CO Oxidation of MnOx Supported on Oxide and Zeolite Carriers
Authors: Lutsenko Larisa , Oleksenko Ludmila , Telbiz German , Gerasova Victoriia
Published: August 2016

Catalytic activity in CO oxidation was investigated for MnOx-containing materials, prepared by impregnation of SiO2, Al2O3 and zeolites (ZSM-5, ERI). The catalysts were characterized by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) by hydrogen, diffuse-reflectance UV–Vis (DR UV–Vis) and infra-red (IR) spectroscopy of adsorbed CO. Effect of the previous treatment of the MnOx-containing systems on the catalytic performance has been established. Higher catalytic activity in CO oxidation of the materials treated with air as compared with treated with hydrogen can be explained by presences of manganese ions in +3 and +4 oxidation states. 3%Mn-SiO2 previously treated with air at 350 °C is found to be the most active catalyst among the studied ones. MnOx, CO oxidation, TPR, IR of adsorbed CO, DR UV–Vis
Development and Validation of Methods of Quantitative Determination of Loratadine in Tablets
Authors: Logoyda L. S. , Polyauk O. B. , Korobko D. B. , Chir M. B.
Published: August 2016

Methods for the quantitative determination of loratadine tablets by differential spectrophotometry and photo-colorimetry have been developed. During the procedure parameters (range of application methods, stability, specificity, robasnist, convergence, internal laboratory accuracy (precision), accuracy, reproducibility) have been considered. The results indicate that the method photo-colorimetry has not met modern criteria for analytical methods for quantitative determination of parameters such as stability, accuracy and linearity, so other validation parameters (robasnist, convergence and inter-laboratory precision) have been determined only by spectrophotometric methods. It is found that the technique of quantitative determination of loratadine by differential spectrophotometry is accurate, correct, reproducible and linear, to determine its suitability for use in pharmaceutical analysis.
Effect of Algerian Varieties Dates on Glycemic, Arterial Blood Pressure and Satiety Responses
Authors: Freha Gourchala , Fatma Mihoub , Meriem Derradj , Cherifa Henchiri
Published: August 2016

The purpose of our study is to determine the Glycemic Indexes (GIs) of three Algerians varieties of dates in healthy subjects evaluate the satiety and effect on arterial pressure after their consumption. We have first documented the chemical composition of the dates. 10 healthy subjects consumed the dates (carbohydrates content of 50 g) in order to determine the GIs. The responses of glycaemia were monitored during two hours after the dates taking and compared to the reference glucose. In a randomized trial, 20 healthy adults consumed the dates after 12h of fast. We reported the level of satiety on a Visual Analog Scale for 2h further to the ingestion of the dates. Furthermore, 28 normotensives and 45 hypertensive individuals ingested the three varieties in randomized order during 21 days to assess their impact on the Pressure Arterial Systolic (PAS) and Pressure Arterial Diastolic (PAD). We noted significant differences (p<0.05) for the different fractions of sugars, soluble fibers, polyphenols, K+, Mg2+. The low GIs are denoted among 44.31-52.35, deducting a moderate impact on blood glucose level. The dates reduced hunger and increased satiety. Our varieties studied following their ingestion induced a significant hypotensive activity (p<0.05) on the PAS and, PAD from hypertensive subjects.
Isolation and Analytical Method Development of Flavonol Glycoside, Quercetin-3-O-β-D-Glucoside: A Review
Authors: Desai Sonal , Tatke Pratima
Published: August 2016

Quercetin-3-O-β-D-Glucoside (QG) is well known phytoconstituents with antioxidant property that has been studied extensively. QG has been used as marker compound alone or along with other plant molecules for standardization of plant extracts. The article discusses various reported methods for isolation and analytical methods for QG to assist phytochemists
Evaluation of In Vitro Antidandruff Activity of Biotransformed Material (Extract) of Nicotiana tabacum Leaves
Authors: Itankar Prakash
Published: August 2016

The methods of preparing new derivatives of known substrates were applied to modify organic compounds like Carbohydrates, steroids, sterols, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, antibiotics, amino acids etc. Such alteration encompasses many changes in the substrate moiety by the addition, degradation or modification. When basic structure of resultant molecule remains unaltered, the microbial biotransformation can be applied for formation of desired derivatives of precursor. Aim: To determine the in-vitro anti-dandruff activity of biotransformed material of Nicotiana tabacum leaves. Material and Method: The collected leaves about 200 g were macerated in cow urine (1 L) for time period of 28 days. After the completion of this time period, the biotransformed material was harvested, lyophilized and powdered (20 g). Regular aqueous extract of the leaves was also prepared for comparative study. Various concentrations, such as 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 500 mg/ml, of aq. extract and biotransformed material of Nicotiana tabacum leaves were prepared and tested for in vitro anti dandruff activity using strain of Malassezia (Pityrosporum) furfur and compared with marketed ayurvedic, homoepathic and allopathic (Ketoconazole 2 %) formulations. Result: The regular extract and the biotransformed material were screened for phytochemicals. It showed the presence of alkaloids, prominently. The strains responsible for the biotransformation process were also evaluated and identified as Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus megaterium. The biotransformed material of Nicotiana tabacum leaves shows promising effect against Malassezia (Pityrosporum) furfur, in terms of zone of inhibition of about 7 mm at 100 mg/ml 26 mm at 500 mg /ml, respectively. The results were found promising as compared to the regular aqueous extract, marketed formulations including Ketoconazole 2 % preparation. Conclusion: The study shows the improved potential of the cow urine biotransformed material over the normal extract of the same plant. It was evident that the dandruff growth was significantly inhibited by treatment with biotransformed material. Hence, in vitro studies of microbial biotransformed Nicotiana tabacum leaves was found to have a potential anti-dandruff activity between 100 mg/ml to 500 mg/ml, compared with its aqueous extract, marketed ayurvedic, homoepathic and allopathic formulations.
Discovery of Natural SGLT2-Inhibitors for Type 2 Diabetes – Possible Way to Reduce Side Effects
Authors: Semwal D. K. , Semwal R. B.
Published: August 2016

The number of patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in all over the world has risen ominously in the past few decades, in which majority of cases belongs to type 2 diabetes. Previously, type 2 diabetes was known as adult-onset and noninsulin-dependent but now it can be seen at any stage including childhood. Various recent researches revealed that type 2 diabetes can be treated by inhibiting sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2), a protein which facilitates glucose reabsorption in the kidney. SGLT2 inhibitors can reduce the blood sugar level by blocking reabsorption of glucose in the kidney and increasing glucose excretion. In the past couple of years, many SGLT2 inhibitors have been discovered but owing to serious side effects, their use is completely banned. Hence, the discovery of natural SGLT2 inhibitors can be helpful in treating type 2 diabetes without any adverse effects.
Expression profiles of MGMT, p16, and APC genes in tumor and matching surgical margin from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Strzelczyk Joanna Katarzyna , Gołąbek Karolina , Krakowczyk Łukasz , Owczarek Aleksander J.
Published: August 2016

The aim of the study was to assess the expression of MGMT, p16, and APC genes in tumors and matching surgical margin samples from 56 patients with primary OSCC. We also analyzed the association of the clinical variables with the expression of the studied genes. After RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis gene expression levels were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. Two-sided parametrical Student's t-test for independent groups with equal/unequal variances showed no statistically significant differences in genes' expression in tumor compared to margin samples. No association was found between the genes' expression and clinical parameters, except for MGMT, whose low expression was probably associated with smoking (0.87 vs 1.34, p=0.065). 'Field cancerization' is an area with genetically or epigenetically altered cells and at the same time a risk factor for cancer. Disturbances in gene expression could also be the source of damages leading to cancerization. In conclusion, it is important to mention that the field remaining after a surgery may pose an increased risk of cancer development. It may be suggested that the diagnosis and treatment of cancers should not be concentrated only on the tumor itself, but also on the cancer field effect. Therefore, further molecular analysis on surgical margins and additional research regarding their assessment are required.
FILOSOFIA, ANTROPOLOGIA E REPORTAGEM EM RIBANCEIRA: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O DESVIVER NA AMAZÔ- NIA DE DALCÍDIO JURANDIR
Authors: Silva Edilson Pantoja da
Published: August 2016

Ribanceira (1978), último romance da série Extremo Norte, escrito por Dalcídio Jurandir, resulta de pelo menos duas estadias do autor na cidade de Gurupá, Baixo-Amazonas. A primeira, entre 1929 e 1930, quando ali foi secretário do intendente; a segunda, em 1945, quando acompanhou o antropólogo Charles Wagley, que, em 1948, lá retornou com EduardoGalvão em expedição antropológica, e que resultou, respectivamente, nas publicações de Uma comunidade amazônica (1953) e Santos e visagens (1955). O artigo analisa paralelos etnográficos entre as três obras, assim como elementos filosóficos, literários e jornalísticos em Ribanceira, e lhe propõe outro lugar no conjunto da referida série.Palavras-chave: Etnografia, romance, reportagem, pessimismo, esperança.
ENTRE A FICÇÃO E A HISTÓRIA: O FELIPPE PATRONI DE HAROLDO MARANHÃO
Authors: LIMA João Marcelo Vieira
Published: August 2016

Esse artigo apresenta a questão do entrecruzamento histórico ficcional no romance biográfico Cabelos no Coração, de Haroldo Maranhão. Utilizando as Obras Escolhidas de Felipe Patroni, o autor reabilita a utilização da técnica do pastiche e da colagem, ao mesmo tempo em que redimensiona a escritura histórico- biográfica situada em um espaço intervalar entre a realidade factual e a imaginação narrativa. PALAVRAS- CHAVE: romance histórico; biografia; Haroldo Maranhão; ficção; pastiche.
CARTA A UNA SEÑORITA EN PARÍS: EXPERIÊNCIAS NEOFANTÁSTICAS, OU INEXPLICAVEIS DA REALIDADE
Authors: ALVES Wanderlan da Silva
Published: August 2016

Analisamos o conto “Carta a uma señorita em París”, de Julio Cortázar, focalizando o trabalho de escrita que se realiza nessa narrativa, a partir da invasão da anormalidade no espaço e na vivencia cotidiana do protagonista. Ao ver-se envolvida numa realidade que não pode ser negada nem racionalizada, a personagem principal tanto experimenta a angustia de situar-se numa condição e num espaço que não se se submetem, quanto amplia sua concepção de realidade, percebendo que, no contexto em que se insere, realidade é tudo aquilo que é pensável. Desse modo, a personagem reconhece a natureza da comunicação de experiências humanas, realizada via linguagem, como um conjunto de interações pautadas em relações instáveis e marcadas por jogos de poder. Nesse contexto, a experiência com o fantástico se intensifica e leva a personagem e, mesmo o leitor, a questionar seus próprios limites de ação, dentro do universo que se insere.
EXISTÊNCIAS INFAMES E NOMES SECRETOS: A PARTIR DE A HERMENÊUTICA DO SUJEITO, DE MICHEL FOUCAULT
Authors: STUDART Júlia Vasconcelos
Published: August 2016

Este texto parte do livro de Michel Foucault A Hermenêutica do sujeito, para armar uma série possível de leitura em algum movimento que está em certa narrativa brasileira que se desdobra em problemas da literatura e do sujeito contemporâneos. Mais especificamente, retomar aqui um impasse, quando se diz de certa experiência deste sujeito contemporâneo consigo, com o outro, com o mundo (se numa abrangência generalizada como política, num mover propositivo: como estar no mundo) e com a própria literatura. Assim, esse texto gera uma discussão sobre o caráter da experiência contemporânea, como vida infame, como devir e também como elemento questionador do lugar da literatura como problema, como experiência e como experiência textual, discurso etc, sempre como um gesto radical ao que seria a experiência pura, como um estatuto original da experiência.PALAVRAS- CHAVE: Experiência; vida infame; devir.
Mulher e testemunho: das (im)possibilidades de lembrar, esquecer e dizer
Authors: CRUVINEL Monica Vasconcellos
Published: August 2016

Este trabalho tem como objetivo problematizar o estatuto do testemunho como discurso político que (re)clama a urgência de uma escuta pública para restituir um espaço de memória e de dizer, justamente onde a linguagem e o sujeito foram violentamente interditados. Estabelecemos um diálogo teórico entre a Análise do Discurso, a Teoria Literária e os Estudos de Gênero. O corpus é constituído por testemunhos de prisioneiras e ex-prisioneiras políticas, que participaram como combatentes e militantes do Partido Comunista do Peru - Sendero Luminoso, na guerra interna que viveu o país. As análises demonstram como estas mulheres conseguiram elaborar suas perdas, durante os anos de confinamento, a través de processos de subjetivação y práticas de resistência realizadas em “trincheira” (prisão), sustentadas por relações de frátria. Ao testemunharem se inscrevem na história, reivindicam uma memória e enfrentam o desafio de lembrar, esquecer e dizer o que é (im)possível, com a expectativa de romper com o silêncio que lhes foi imposto.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sendero, Discurso, Feminismo.
EFFECTS OF EARLY PROTEIN MALNUTRITION AND REPEATED TESTING UPON LOCOMOTOR AND EXPLORATORY BEHAVIORS IN THE ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE
Authors: Almeida Sebastião De Sousa , Garcia Ricardo A. , De Oliveira Luiz Marcellino
Published: August 2016

An elevated plus-maze was used to investigate the effects of repeated testing on the locomotor and exploratory behaviors of malnourished rats. Pup malnutrition was induced during the lactation period (0 to 21 days of age) by feeding the dams a protein-deficient diet (6% protein) and the animals were allowed to recover from weaning to 70 days of age by eating a commercial lab chow diet. Control animals were suckled by dams receiving normal protein diet (16% protein) during the lactation period and were fed a commercial lab chow diet after weaning. At 70 days, malnourished and control animals were placed on the central platform of the elevated plus-maze facing an enclosed arm and allowed to explore for 5 min. This procedure was repeated at 24-h intervals of 6 days. The repeated testing in the elevated plus-maze did not change the total number of arm entries and attempts to enter open arms, but decreased the percentage of open arm entries, time spent in open arms, and total time spent on the central platform. These data suggest an increase in anxiety with repeated testing in the elevated plus-maze. In addition, the malnourished animals showed a large number of these animals as compared to control. The elevated plus-maze proved to be useful animal model to evaluate exploratory behaviors in early protein malnourished animals. Keywords: Early protein malnutrition Elevated plus-maze Impulsiveness Exploration Anxiety Repeated testing
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PROTEIN AND ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULATION ON THE BEHAVIOR OF YOUG RATS TESTED IN THE ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE
Authors: Riul Tania Regina , Almeida Patrícia S. , Carvalho Andréa F. , Almeida Sebastião De Sousa , De Oliveira Luiz Marcellino
Published: August 2016

The interaction between the effects of different levels of protein malnutrition and environmental stimulation was investigated in young male rats in the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Litters (dam plus 6 male and 2 female pups) were fed a 16% (Control: C), 10% (Malnourished: M10) or 6% (Malnourished: M6) protein diet. Half of the litters were daily exposed to additional stimulation (CS, MS10 or MS6), while the other half was maintained in normal rearing conditions (CN, MN10 or MN6). The stimulation (handling) consisted of holding the rat in one hand and gently touching the dorsal part of the body with the fingers for3 min. On the 22nd day of life (weaning), two male pups from each group were tested in the plus-maze. Two male pups continued to receive the same diet their mothers, and other two were fed a non-purified lab chow diet until 35 days of age when they were tested in the plus-maze (LN, LS, LN10, LS10, LN6 and LS6 groups). Results showed that environmental simulation increased open arms exploration both at 22 and 35 days of age, indicating an anxiolytic effect of this procedure. Younger rats (22 days of age) explored significantly more the open arms of the maze as compared with older rats (35 days of age), indicating an increase in anxiety with age. M6 animals showed significantly higher percentages of open arm entries and less frequent attempts to enter open arms in the maze as compared with C and M10 animals. These results suggest that even a short period of protein deficiency can produce alterations in the emotional response of rats in the elevated plus-maze. In addition, the data demonstrated that protein deficiency more severe than 10% is necessary to produce behavior alterations in the EPM test. Keywords: Age, Anxiety, Environmental stimulation, Impulsiveness, Plus-maze test, Protein malnutrition levels.
DISCRIMINAÇÃO SIMPLES ENTRE ESTÍMULOS VISUAIS E REVERSÕES SUCESSIVAS DE DISCRIMINAÇÃO EM ABELHAS (MELIPONA QUADRIFASCIATA)
Authors: Moreno Antonio Maurício , Rocca Julia Zanetti , De Souza Deisy Das Graças
Published: August 2016

Com exceção dos estudos pioneiros de Isaías Pessotti sobre aprendizagem discriminativa em abelhas, outros trabalhos frequentemente empregaram procedimentos com características que dificultam o controle experimental rigoroso e uma interpretação segura dos dados (por exemplo, definição ambígua da resposta, treino simultâneo de vários sujeitos e análise de dados agrupados). Além disso, poucos estudos investigaram a aprendizagem discriminativa em outras espécies além de Apis mellifera e Bombus terrestris. O objetivo do Experimento 1 foi estabelecer discriminações simples entre cores e entre padrões em preto e branco em vinte abelhas individuais, da espécie Melipona quadrifasciata. No Experimento 2, o objetivo foi estabelecer discriminações simples e reversões de discriminação com quatro melíponas individuais em equipamento automatizado e pressão à barra como resposta operante. Todas as abelhas aprenderam a discriminar entre cores no Experimento 1, mas os dados de discriminação entre padrões em preto e branco mostraram grande variabilidade. No Experimento 2, as quatro abelhas aprenderam a discriminação inicial e também aprenderam entre uma e 11 reversões de discriminação. Os resultados de ambos os experimentos confirmam que melíponas podem aprender tarefas discriminativas, incluindo reversões sucessivas, mas também sugerem que os desempenhos podem variar consideravelmente a depender dos estímulos a serem discriminados. Palavras-chave: discriminação simples, reversão de discriminação, estímulos visuais, abelhas, Melipona quadrifasciata
Socratic Questions With Children: Recommendations and Cautionary Tales
Authors: McLachlan Niel Hugo , Eastwood Lynne , Friedberg Robert D.
Published: August 2016

This clinically focused article offers cognitive behavior therapists recommendations and cautionary tales for using the Socratic method when working with children. The importance of the therapeutic relationship in combination with developmental considerations is discussed. The use of Socratic method in various cognitive behavioral modules is illustrated by means of case examples. Dialogues provide examples of how the cognitive specificity hypothesis and downward arrow technique can be used to support young clients in eliciting negative automatic thoughts. The importance of pacing, the mixing of closed and open-ended questions, and behavioral experiments to aid cognitive restructuring are also highlighted through extracts from clinical conversations. Finally, the article emphasizes that the purpose of the Socratic method is to broaden thinking and to access new knowledge rather than just giving young clients new thoughts and problem solving strategies.
Two Interventions Decrease Anxiety Sensitivity Among High Anxiety Sensitive Women: Could Physical Exercise Be the Key?
Authors: Sabourin Brigitte C. , Watt Margo C. , Krigolson Olav E. , Stewart Sherry H.
Published: August 2016

A brief group-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), with running as an interoceptive exposure (IE) component, was effective in reducing anxiety sensitivity (AS) levels in undergraduate women (Watt, Stewart, Lefaivre, & Uman, 2006). This study investigated whether the CBT/IE intervention would result in decreases in AS and emotional distress that would be maintained over 14 weeks. Female undergraduates, high (n = 81) or low (n = 73) in AS, were randomized to 3-day CBT plus forty-two 10-min running IE trials (n = 83) or 3-day health education control (HEC) with interactive discussions and problem solving on exercise, nutrition, and sleep (n = 71). The CBT/IE intervention led to decreases in AS, depression, and stress symptoms for high AS participants, which were maintained at 14 weeks. Unexpectedly, HEC participants experienced similar and lasting decreases in AS, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, there were no post-intervention differences between CBT/IE and HEC participants in any of the outcomes. Low AS participants experienced few sustained changes. Clinical implications and the possible role of aerobic exercise in explaining outcomes of both interventions are discussed.
Empirical Evaluation of International Health System Data Interoperability: Mapping the Wanda Horta Theory to the Omaha System Ontology
Authors: Pruinelli Lisiane , Lucena Amalia de F. , Monsen Karen A.
Published: August 2016

Structured health care data has played a critical role in improving quality of care and achieving better patient outcomes. Despite increased use of terminology standards within the electronic health records (EHRs), there is a need to map multi-institutional data that represent patient observations to develop standardized information models. The purpose of this study was to conduct an empirical evaluation of the potential for international health system data interoperability with the Wanda Horta theory using the Omaha System ontology. The 2 frameworks were mapped and validated by a panel of experts. The results showed that the majority (80.95%) of the Wanda Horta theory concepts were mapped at a high level of agreement. Such mappings show that the information models have the potential to facilitate and enhance communication and improve practices between organizations internationally.
Memórias de um esgrimista: entrevista com o campeão paralímpico Jovane Guissone
Authors: Carmona Eduardo Klein , Ledur Josiana Ayala , Mazo Janice Zarpellon
Published: August 2016

O presente texto apresenta o registro de uma entrevista realizada com o atleta Jovane Guissone, primeiro brasileiro a conquistar uma medalha em Jogos Paralímpicos na esgrima em cadeira de rodas. O atleta sul-rio-grandense treina em Porto Alegre e faz parte da equipe da Associação de Servidores da Área de Segurança Portadores de Deficiência. Por meio da entrevista, buscamos conhecer sua história no esporte, destacando-se o envolvimento com a prática da esgrima, as condições de treinamento, a participação nos Jogos Paralímpicos de 2012, a conquista da medalha inédita e, por fim, evidenciar como o atleta percebe o esporte paralímpico no Brasil.
Understanding Farmers’ Decision Making in Agricultural Water Fee Payment in China: The Role of Mental Accounting
Authors: Zhang Weikang , Fu Xinhong , Lu Jing , Zhang Lin , Michael Kwamega , Liu Guoqiang , Liu Yuying , Yang Fan
Published: August 2016

To better understand farmers’ refusal, as well as their corresponding negative emotions, to pay agricultural water fee under current policy in rural China, this paper applies mental accounting, a behavioral economics framework, to explore how the reform of rural taxes and fees, direct agricultural subsidy programs and agricultural water fee influence farmers’ decisions in paying agricultural water fee. Using fieldwork data from 577 farmers and 20 water managers in Sichuan, we explore farmers’ information processing regarding the payment decisions of agricultural water fee via three sequential mental accounting processes, with the associated underlying principles and measures behind each process. We find that the information processing in three mental accounting scenarios related to the agricultural water fee elucidates farmers’ observed behaviors in rural China. Generally, in the three mental accounting scenarios, two conditional intuitive expectations and nine other conditional intuitive preferences are formed; however, these conditions cannot be matched with the facts due to the reform of rural taxes and fees, the direct agricultural subsidy programs and the internal attributes of agricultural water fee. Additionally, this paper offers a view into how previous policies create negative psychological externalities (such as farmers’ psychological dependence on the government) through mental accounting that negatively influences agents’ subsequent decision making; it highlights the significance of underlying mental factors and information processing of negative behaviors in policymaking for managing or conserving common pool resources.
Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Black Shales after CO2-Water-Rock Interaction
Authors: Lyu Qiao , Ranjith P.G. , Long Xinping , Ji Bin
Published: August 2016

The effects of CO2-water-rock interactions on the mechanical properties of shale are essential for estimating the possibility of sequestrating CO2 in shale reservoirs. In this study, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) tests together with an acoustic emission (AE) system and SEM & EDS analysis were performed to investigate the mechanical properties and microstructural changes of black shales with different saturation times (10 days, 20 days and 30 days) in water dissoluted with sub-/super-critical CO2. According to the experimental results, the values of UCS, Young’s modulus and brittleness index decrease gradually with increasing saturation time in water with sub-/super-critical CO2. Compared to intact samples, 30-days’ saturation causes reductions of 56.43% in UCS and 54.21% in Young’s modulus for sub-critical saturated samples, and 66.05% in UCS and 56.32% in Young’s modulus for super-critical saturated samples, respectively. The brittleness index also decreases drastically from 84.3% for intact samples to 50.9% for samples saturated in water with sub-critical CO2, to 47.9% for samples saturated in water with super-critical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). SC-CO2 causes a greater reduction of shale’s mechanical properties. The crack propagation results obtained from the AE system show that longer saturation time produces higher peak cumulative AE energy. SEM images show that many pores occur when shale samples are saturated in water with sub-/super-critical CO2. The EDS results show that CO2-water-rock interactions increase the percentages of C and Fe and decrease the percentages of Al and K on the surface of saturated samples when compared to intact samples.
Treating Blast and Explosion Victims: An Overview
Authors: Krishnamurti Chandrasekhar
Published: August 2016

Blast injuries result from explosions that have the capability to cause multisystem, life-threatening injuries in single or multiple victims simultaneously. The injury patterns following such events are a product of the composition and amount of the materials involved, the surrounding environment, delivery method (if a bomb), the distance between the victim and the blast, and any intervening protective barriers or environmental hazards.  These types of events present complex triage, diagnostic, and management challenges for the health care provider.
An Introduction of Scientific Survey of Francis Buchanan “Hamilton”
Authors: Kumari Deepali
Published: August 2016

This paper devotes an introduction of scientific survey of Francis Buchanan ‘Hamilton’. Science is called the greatest triumph of the human mind over nature. Natural sciences focused attention on the investigation of the Indian environment and even placed Indians themselves towards scrutiny & their will themselves never be any great enthusiasm for belonging to a society which is not going forward, our culture is full of unformulated rules of conventional behaviour, and we have placed a perfectly absurd value on the ability to confirm to those rules & thus to preserve the whole system whose behaviour they are supposed to regulate. Just like that a Scottish physician Buchanan ‘Hamilton’ recognised for making significant contributions as a Geographer, zoologist, Botanist & as a historian while living in India.
Improving flow distribution in influent channels using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Park No-Suk , Yoon Sukmin , Jeong Woochang , Lee Seungjae
Published: August 2016

Although the flow distribution in an influent channel where the inflow is split into each treatment process in a wastewater treatment plant greatly affects the efficiency of the process, and a weir is the typical structure for the flow distribution, to the authors' knowledge, there is a paucity of research on the flow distribution in an open channel with a weir. In this study, the influent channel of a real-scale wastewater treatment plant was used, installing a suppressed rectangular weir that has a horizontal crest to cross the full channel width. The flow distribution in the influent channel was analyzed using a validated computational fluid dynamics model to investigate (1) the comparison of single-phase and two-phase simulation, (2) the improved procedure of the prototype channel, and (3) the effect of the inflow rate on flow distribution. The results show that two-phase simulation is more reliable due to the description of the free-surface fluctuations. It should first be considered for improving flow distribution to prevent a short-circuit flow, and the difference in the kinetic energy with the inflow rate makes flow distribution trends different. The authors believe that this case study is helpful for improving flow distribution in an influent channel.