bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Danish auroral science history
Authors: Stauning P.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Danish auroral science history begins with the early auroral observations made by the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe during the years from 1582 to 1601 preceding the Maunder minimum in solar activity. Included are also the brilliant observations made by another astronomer, Ole Rømer, from Copenhagen in 1707, as well as the early auroral observations made from Greenland by missionaries during the 18th and 19th centuries. The relations between auroras and geomagnetic variations were analysed by H. C. Ørsted, who also played a vital role in the development of Danish meteorology that came to include comprehensive auroral observations from Denmark, Iceland and Greenland as well as auroral and geomagnetic research. The very important auroral investigations made by Sophus Tromholt are outlined. His analysis from 1880 of auroral observations from Greenland prepared for the significant contributions from the Danish Meteorological Institute, DMI, (founded in 1872) to the first International Polar Year 1882/83, where an expedition headed by Adam Paulsen was sent to Greenland to conduct auroral and geomagnetic observations. Paulsen's analyses of the collected data gave many important results but also raised many new questions that gave rise to auroral expeditions to Iceland in 1899 to 1900 and to Finland in 1900 to 1901. Among the results from these expeditions were 26 unique paintings of the auroras made by the artist painter, Harald Moltke. The expedition to Finland was headed by Dan la Cour, who later as director of the DMI came to be in charge of the comprehensive international geomagnetic and auroral observations made during the Second International Polar Year in 1932/33. Finally, the article describes the important investigations made by Knud Lassen during, among others, the International Geophysical Year 1957/58 and during the International Quiet Sun Year (IQSY) in 1964/65. With his leadership the auroral and geomagnetic research at DMI reached a high international level that came to be the background for the first Danish satellite, Ørsted, successfully launched in 1999 and still in operation.
2010 Karakocan-Elazig earthquake and masonry structures
Authors: Cetinkaya N.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Karakocan-Elazig-Turkey earthquake with M = 6.0 occurred on 8 March 2010 at 04:32 a.m. (local time) in eastern Turkey and caused the loss of life and heavy damages, as well. The majority of the damaged structures were seismically deficient, unreinforced masonry buildings. In this paper, a site survey of the damaged buildings is presented and the reasons behind the damages are discussed.
Large amplitude internal solitary waves over a shelf
Authors: Gavrilov N. , Liapidevskii V. , Gavrilova K.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Dynamics of large amplitude internal waves in two-layers of shallow water is considered. It is demonstrated that in laboratory experiments the subsurface waves of depression over a shelf may be simulated by internal symmetric solitary waves of the mode 2 ("lump-like" waves). The mathematical model describing the propagation and decaying of large internal waves in two-layer fluid is introduced. It is a variant of Choi-Camassa equations with hydrostatic pressure distribution in one of the layers. It is shown that the numerical scheme developed for the Green-Naghdi equations in open channel flows may be applied for the description of large amplitude internal waves over a shelf.
Interference of lee waves over mountain ranges
Authors: Makarenko N. I. , Maltseva J. L.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Internal waves in the atmosphere and ocean are generated frequently from the interaction of mean flow with bottom obstacles such as mountains and submarine ridges. Analysis of these environmental phenomena involves theoretical models of non-homogeneous fluid affected by the gravity. In this paper, a semi-analytical model of stratified flow over the mountain range is considered under the assumption of small amplitude of the topography. Attention is focused on stationary wave patterns forced above the rough terrain. Adapted to account for such terrain, model equations involves exact topographic condition settled on the uneven ground surface. Wave solutions corresponding to sinusoidal topography with a finite number of peaks are calculated and examined.
Use of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in Interpretation of Pathology Reports
Authors: Steimetz Eric , Minkowitz Jeremy , Gabutan Elmer C. , Ngichabe Joan , Attia Hagar , Hershkop Mordechai , Ozay Fatih , Hanna Matthew G. , Gupta Raavi
Published: May 2024

Importance

Anatomic pathology reports are an essential part of health care, containing vital diagnostic and prognostic information. Currently, most patients have access to their test results online. However, the reports are complex and are generally incomprehensible to laypeople. Artificial intelligence chatbots could potentially simplify pathology reports.

Objective

To evaluate the ability of large language model chatbots to accurately explain pathology reports to patients.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used 1134 pathology reports from January 1, 2018, to May 31, 2023, from a multispecialty hospital in Brooklyn, New York. A new chat was started for each report, and both chatbots (Bard [Google Inc], hereinafter chatbot 1; GPT-4 [OpenAI], hereinafter chatbot 2) were asked in sequential prompts to explain the reports in simple terms and identify key information. Chatbot responses were generated between June 1 and August 31, 2023. The mean readability scores of the original and simplified reports were compared. Two reviewers independently screened and flagged reports with potential errors. Three pathologists reviewed the flagged reports and categorized them as medically correct, partially medically correct, or medically incorrect; they also recorded any instances of hallucinations.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Outcomes included improved mean readability scores and a medically accurate interpretation.

Results

For the 1134 reports included, the Flesch-Kincaid grade level decreased from a mean of 13.19 (95% CI, 12.98-13.41) to 8.17 (95% CI, 8.08-8.25; t = 45.29; P < .001) by chatbot 1 and 7.45 (95% CI, 7.35-7.54; t = 49.69; P < .001) by chatbot 2. The Flesch Reading Ease score was increased from a mean of 10.32 (95% CI, 8.69-11.96) to 61.32 (95% CI, 60.80-61.84; t = −63.19; P < .001) by chatbot 1 and 70.80 (95% CI, 70.32-71.28; t = −74.61; P < .001) by chatbot 2. Chatbot 1 interpreted 993 reports (87.57%) correctly, 102 (8.99%) partially correctly, and 39 (3.44%) incorrectly; chatbot 2 interpreted 1105 reports (97.44%) correctly, 24 (2.12%) partially correctly, and 5 (0.44%) incorrectly. Chatbot 1 had 32 instances of hallucinations (2.82%), while chatbot 2 had 3 (0.26%).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that artificial intelligence chatbots were able to simplify pathology reports. However, some inaccuracies and hallucinations occurred. Simplified reports should be reviewed by clinicians before distribution to patients.
Automated segmentation of liver and hepatic vessels on portal venous phase computed tomography images using a deep learning algorithm
Authors: Li Shengwei , Li Xiao‐Guang , Zhou Fanyu , Zhang Yumeng , Bie Zhixin , Cheng Lin , Peng Jinzhao , Li Bin
Published: May 2024

Background

CT‐image segmentation for liver and hepatic vessels can facilitate liver surgical planning. However, time‐consuming process and inter‐observer variations of manual segmentation have limited wider application in clinical practice.

Purpose

Our study aimed to propose an automated deep learning (DL) segmentation algorithm for liver and hepatic vessels on portal venous phase CT images.

Methods

This retrospective study was performed to develop a coarse‐to‐fine DL‐based algorithm that was trained, validated, and tested using private 413, 52, and 50 portal venous phase CT images, respectively. Additionally, the performance of the DL algorithm was extensively evaluated and compared with manual segmentation using an independent clinical dataset of preoperative contrast‐enhanced CT images from 44 patients with hepatic focal lesions. The accuracy of DL‐based segmentation was quantitatively evaluated using the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and complementary metrics [Normalized Surface Dice (NSD) and Hausdorff distance_95 (HD95) for liver segmentation, Recall and Precision for hepatic vessel segmentation]. The processing time for DL and manual segmentation was also compared.

Results

Our DL algorithm achieved accurate liver segmentation with DSC of 0.98, NSD of 0.92, and HD95 of 1.52 mm. DL‐segmentation of hepatic veins, portal veins, and inferior vena cava attained DSC of 0.86, 0.89, and 0.94, respectively. Compared with the manual approach, the DL algorithm significantly outperformed with better segmentation results for both liver and hepatic vessels, with higher accuracy of liver and hepatic vessel segmentation (all p < 0.001) in independent 44 clinical data. In addition, the DL method significantly reduced the manual processing time of clinical postprocessing (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The proposed DL algorithm potentially enabled accurate and rapid segmentation for liver and hepatic vessels using portal venous phase contrast CT images.
Measuring functions of remembering public events: Development of a functions of collective memory questionnaire
Authors: Uzer Tuğba , Akdağ Simay , Dalmış Tuğçe , Özdemir Taha Veli , Demirtaşoğlu Dilara , Hekimci İpek , Özdemir Buğra Uğur , Polat Damla , Şenyurt Seran
Published: May 2024

Previous studies have demonstrated that people share their personal experiences with others for various purposes, such as gaining self‐understanding, socializing, and seeking solutions to current problems, among others. However, it remains unclear why people share collective experiences with others or whether they do so for reasons similar to those driving the sharing of personal experiences. In this study, we developed a questionnaire to identify and measure the motivations behind sharing collective experiences, including events like military coups, earthquakes, terrorist attacks, and more. The study involved 407 participants, spanning different age groups, from Turkey. The results reveal that (a) individuals share collective memories for reasons similar to those driving the sharing of individual memories and (b) the primary functions of collective memories include creating a collective identity, strengthening social bonds, fostering learning and understanding of past history, mitigating collective negative emotions, and guiding communities into the future.
Least squares adaptive control for uncertain system based on modified predictive model
Authors: He Huanhuan , Xie Rong , Yin Haitao , Fan Xue , Song Wanghang
Published: May 2024

This research addresses the tracking problem of least squares adaptive control for a class of nonlinear system with mismatched uncertainties. Different from most of existing solutions, modified predictive model is integrated into the proposed least squares adaptive control architecture. The significant role of modified predictive model in the adaptive control architecture is to achieve smooth transient by filtering out the high‐frequency oscillations, which cannot be canceled out by use of the hypothetical parameterized uncertainty models. Meanwhile, in order to guarantee tracking performance, a generalized restricted potential function (GRPF) is designed to constrain the weighted Euclidean norm of the predictive error of the modified predictive model to be less than a predefined scalar worst‐case bound. Finally, comparative simulations via the generic transport model (GTM) are conducted to examine the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the transient performance and tracking performance of the controlled system can be improved simultaneously by the proposed method.
The “Heater” of “Cold” Tumors–Blocking IL‐6
Authors: Pu Weigao , Ma Chenhui , Wang Bofang , Zhu Weidong , Chen Hao
Published: May 2024

The resolution of inflammation is not simply the end of the inflammatory response but rather a complex process that involves various cells, inflammatory factors, and specialized proresolving mediators following the occurrence of inflammation. Once inflammation cannot be cleared by the body, malignant tumors may be induced. Among them, IL‐6, as an immunosuppressive factor, activates a variety of signal transduction pathways and induces tumorigenesis. Monitoring IL‐6 can be used for the diagnosis, efficacy evaluation and prognosis of tumor patients. In terms of treatment, improving the efficacy of targeted and immunotherapy remains a major challenge. Blocking IL‐6 and its mediated signaling pathways can regulate the tumor immune microenvironment and enhance immunotherapy responses by activating immune cells. Even transform “cold” tumors that are difficult to respond to immunotherapy into immunogenic “hot” tumors, acting as a “heater” for “cold” tumors, restarting the tumor immune cycle, and reducing immunotherapy‐related toxic reactions and drug resistance. In clinical practice, the combined application of IL‐6 inhibition with targeted therapy and immunotherapy may produce synergistic results. Nevertheless, additional clinical trials are imperative to further validate the safety and efficacy of this therapeutic approach.
Toosendanin Induces Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Apoptosis and Inhibits Tumor Progression via the BNIP3/AMPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Fabing , Wang Guangxue , Zhao Liming , Chen Guohan , Dong Lin , Li Qinchuan , Zhu Dongyi
Published: May 2024

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is the second most common type of non‐small cell lung cancer. Toosendanin can target critical cancer cell survival and proliferation. However, the function of toosendanin in LUSC is limited. Cancer cell proliferative capacity is detected using cell morphology, colony formation, and flow cytometry. The invasiveness of the cells is detected by a Transwell assay, western blotting, and RT‐qPCR. Nude mice are injected with H226 (1×106) and received an intraperitoneal injection of toosendanin every 2 days for 21 days. RNA sequence transcriptome analysis is performed on toosendanin‐treated cells to identify target genes and signaling pathways. With increasing concentrations of toosendanin, the rate of cell proliferation decreases and apoptotic cells increases. The number of migrated cells significantly reduces and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition is reversed. Injection of toosendanin in nude mice leads to a reduction in tumor volume, weight, and the number of metastatic tumors. Furthermore, KEGG shows that genes related to the AMPK pathway are highly enriched. BNIP3 is the most differentially expressed gene, and its expression along with phosphorylated‐AMPK significantly increases in toosendanin‐treated cells. Toosendanin exerts anticancer effects, induces apoptosis in LUSC cells, and inhibits tumor progression via the BNIP3/AMPK signaling pathway.
Scalable Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Fibers for Electronic Textile Applications
Authors: Jin Michael H.‐C. , Currano Luke J. , Rojas Vanessa O. , Jacque Evan D. , Korneisel Richard A. , Fairbanks Nathan J. , Freeman Adam W. , Trethewey Bruce R. , Glaros Benjamin H. , Carkhuff Bliss G. , Gerasopoulos Konstantinos
Published: May 2024

This study presents a novel method to fabricate scalable photovoltaic fibers (PVFs) by leveraging crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cell technology, known for its high‐power conversion efficiency (PCE), stable performance, and low cost. The c‐Si PVF is built on a flexible circuit strip as narrow as 400 µm, and c‐Si cells as small as 0.35 mm2 are surface‐mounted on the strip. The cells are diced from an interdigitated back‐contact c‐Si solar cell (≈153 cm2). A c‐Si PVF including a 1 mm2 cell reaches PCE up to 9.6% and 11.0% under simulated AM 1.5G illumination without and with encapsulation, respectively, the highest reported for c‐Si PVFs, while a 1.5 ft‐long fiber produces ≈37 mW m−1. Additionally, the PVF can tolerate bending fatigue with no sign of performance loss after 8000 bending cycles. To demonstrate practical applicability, the c‐Si PVFs are also woven into textile swatches. They deliver ≈10 mW cm−2 under a halogen lamp and successfully power a light‐emitting‐diode. This PVF technology is scalable with regards to both achieving thin fibers and its compatibility with roll‐to‐roll fabrication processes. The fiber concept presented here can also be extended to any chip‐scale surface mountable devices, enabling cell‐agnostic fiber technologies for multifunctional electronic textiles.
Recent Advances in Graphene Field‐Effect Transistor Toward Biological Detection
Authors: Sun Mingyuan , Zhang Congcong , Lu Shan , Mahmood Shahid , Wang Jian , Sun Chunhui , Pang Jinbo , Han Lin , Liu Hong
Published: May 2024

Recently, field‐effect transistors (FETs) have emerged as a novel type of multiparameter, high‐performance, highly integrated platform for biochemical detection, leveraging their classical three‐terminal structure, working principles, and fabrication methods. Notably, graphene materials, known for their exceptional electrical and optical properties as well as biocompatibility, serve as a fundamental component of these devices, further enhancing their advantages in biological detection. This review places special emphasis on recent advancements in graphene field‐effect transistor (GFET)‐based biosensors and focuses on four main areas: i) the basic concepts of FETs and the specific electrical properties of GFETs; ii) various state‐of‐the‐art approaches to enhance the performance of GFET‐based biosensors in terms of operating principles and the “3S”—stability, sensitivity, and specificity; iii) multiplexed detection strategies for GFET‐based biosensors; and iv) the current challenges and future perspectives in the field of GFET‐based biosensors. It is hoped that this article can profoundly elucidate the development of GFET biosensors and inspire a broader audience.
Rare‐Earth‐Based Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskites for Light Emission: Recent Advances and Applications
Authors: Rao Zhihui , Zhao Xiujian , Gong Xiao
Published: May 2024

The double perovskite material of Cs2NaRECl6‐type, utilizing rare‐earth (RE) ions as trivalent element, has attracted widespread interest due to its unique optoelectronic properties and wide range of applications. It displays rich optical properties, including visible and infrared light emission through down‐shifting, as well as up‐conversion emission and radiation‐induced emission. These exceptional optical properties make it a promising material for optoelectronic devices such as detectors, light‐emitting diodes, lasers and energy storage batteries but also show unique advantages in anti‐counterfeiting technology and imaging. In this article, the latest progress is reported and challenges in the crystal structure, material preparation, optoelectronic performance, and various applications of lead‐free halide double perovskite (HLDPs) compounds. This is also outline prospective research directions of existing materials, with the aim of facilitating the discovery of new HLDPs materials.
3D Printing of Optical Lenses Assisted by Precision Spin Coating
Authors: Shan Yujie , Hua Junyu , Mao Huachao
Published: May 2024

Though 3D printing shows potential in fabricating complex optical components rapidly, its poor surface quality and dimensional accuracy render it unqualified for industrial optics applications. The layer steps in the building direction and the pixelated steps on each layer's contour result in inevitable microscale defects on the 3D‐printed surface, far away from the nanoscale roughness required for optics. This paper reports a customized vat photopolymerization‐based lens printing process, integrating unfocused image projection and precision spin coating to solve lateral and vertical stair‐stepping defects. A precision aspherical lens with less than 1 nm surface roughness and 1 µm profile accuracy is demonstrated. The 3D‐printed convex lens achieves a maximum MTF resolution of 347.7 lp mm−1. A mathematical model is established to predict and control the spin coating process on 3D‐printed surfaces precisely. Leveraging this low‐cost yet highly robust and repeatable 3D printing process, the precision fabrication of multi‐scale spherical, aspherical, and axicon lenses are showcased with sizes ranging from 3 to 70 mm using high clear photocuring resins. Additionally, molds are also printed to form multi‐scale PDMS‐based lenses.
Self‐Assembling P38 Peptide Inhibitor Nanoparticles Ameliorate the Transition from Acute to Chronic Kidney Disease by Suppressing Ferroptosis
Authors: Xin Wang , Gong Shuiqin , Chen Yin , Yao Mengying , Qin Shaozong , Chen Jing , Zhang Aihong , Yu Wenrui , Zhou Siyan , Zhang Bo , Gu Jun , Zhao Jinghong , Huang Yinghui
Published: May 2024

Accumulating evidence highlights p38 as a crucial factor highly activated during the process of acute kidney injury (AKI), but the application of p38 inhibitor in AKI is quite limited due to the low efficiency and poor kidney‐targeting ability. Herein, a novel self‐assembling peptide nanoparticle with specific p38‐inhibiting activity is constructed, which linked mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 3b (MKK3b), the functional domain of p38, with the cell‐penetrating TAT sequence, ultimately self‐assembling into TAT‐MKK3b nanoparticles (TMNPs) through tyrosinase oxidation. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that TMNPs preferably accumulated in the renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) through forming protein coronas by binding to albumin, and strongly improved the reduced renal function of ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI)‐induced AKI and its transition to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Mechanically, TMNPs inhibited ferroptosis via its solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis‐inducing capacity and synergistic potent antioxidant property in AKI. The findings indicated that the multifunctional TMNPs exhibited renal targeting, ROS‐scavenging, and ferroptosis‐mitigating capabilities, which may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of AKI and its progression to CKD.
Air‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells with >25% Efficiency and High Stability Enabled by Crystallization Modulation and Holistic Passivation
Authors: Shi Xiaoyu , Liu Tianxiao , Dou Yunjie , Hu Xiaodong , Liu Yangyang , Wang Feifei , Wang Lingyuan , Ren Zhijun , Chen Shangshang
Published: May 2024

Organic semiconductors (e.g., PCBM and IDIC) frequently serve as interface passivants for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their beneficial passivation effects on perovskite interfaces. However, their passivation to the interiors of perovskite films is greatly limited by their poor solubility in polar solvents and compatibility issues. Here the facile synthesis of organic semiconductor nanoparticle (NP) passivants that readily disperse in perovskite inks is reported. Adding these NPs into perovskite inks not only modulates perovskite crystallization, improves film quality and conductivity, but also achieves holistic bulk film passivation. Consequently, blade‐coated p‐i‐n PSCs with ICBA NPs achieve an impressive efficiency of 25.1% (independently certified as 25.0%), the highest reported value for air‐processed PSCs irrespective of fabrication methods or device structures. This work develops a novel approach for effective and holistic perovskite passivation by converting conventional passivants to perovskite‐compatible NPs, paving the way for more efficient and stable perovskite solar devices.
Wearable Volatile Organic Compound Sensors for Plant Health Monitoring
Authors: Lee Siyoung , Kim Jinsung , Kim Dongpil , Park Hyeongmin , Myoung Sumin , Han Jaehee , Park Chulhwan , Kim Younghun , Choi Chungryong , Lee Giwon
Published: May 2024

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are utilized as essential biomarkers for plant health and the surrounding environmental conditions in light of global imperatives surrounding food security and sustainable agriculture. However, conventional VOC detection methods have inherent limitations related to operational costs, portability, in situ monitoring, and accessibility. Wearable electronic systems have garnered significant attention as an alternative method because of their capability to detect, identify, and quantify VOCs quickly and cost‐effectively. This article presents a comprehensive perspective of recently developed wearable VOC monitoring sensors. It highlights various detection methods for VOCs related to plant metabolism, hormones, and environmental conditions and then multi‐VOC sensing based on data‐driven analysis. Emerging wearable sensor devices are comprehensively examined from the perspectives of material, structural, sensing mechanisms, and plant monitoring demonstration. The principal issues inherent in recently developed VOC monitoring techniques are discussed, and potential avenues for future research and development are identified.
Additive Manufacturing Based Dissolvable Chip Packaging for Sustainable E‐Waste Reduction
Authors: Belkadi Dhiya , Kim Min Sung , Hahn Carl P. , Saleha Sunehra , Houston Hannah L. , Hussain Muhammad Mustafa
Published: May 2024

Electronics have contributed to the advancement of healthcare, wellness, security, and mobility, resulting in a higher standard of living. However, these ever‐accelerating advancements and widespread application come at the cost of a shortened product life cycle and increase in produced E‐waste which poses a significant environmental challenge. Recycling E‐waste is challenging due to the complexity of electronics and packaging, hindering component retrieval for reuse. While sustainable materials for electronics have been researched, sustainable integrated circuit (IC) packaging for conventional electronics remains unexplored. This study introduces a method involving dissolvable additively manufactured packaging materials to recover commercial‐off‐the‐shelf (COTS) chips from used electronics, which will alleviate supply‐chain stress, reduce the need for manufacturing similar chips, and minimize environmental impact. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), are explored as potential dissolvable semiconductor packaging materials. Optimal dissolving conditions allow chip recovery in less than 11 min for PVA and 2 min for ABS. This approach offers a sustainable packaging method for commercial electronic chips that matches conventional packaging performance with the added functionality of recoverable and recyclable components, contributing to the gap in sustainability and recycling for conventional electronics.
Sub‐Nanogram Resolution Measurement of Inertial Mass and Density Using Magnetic‐Field‐Guided Bubble Microthruster
Authors: Wang Leilei , Sheng Minjia , Chen Li , Yang Fengchang , Li Chenlu , Li Hangyu , Nie Pengcheng , Lv Xinxin , Guo Zheng , Cao Jialing , Wang Xiaohuan , Li Long , Hu Anthony L. , Guan Dongshi , Du Jing , Cui Haihang , Zheng Xu
Published: May 2024

Artificial micro/nanomotors using active particles hold vast potential in applications such as drug delivery and microfabrication. However, upgrading them to micro/nanorobots capable of performing precise tasks with sophisticated functions remains challenging. Bubble microthruster (BMT) is introduced, a variation of the bubble‐driven microrobot, which focuses the energy from a collapsing microbubble to create an inertial impact on nearby target microparticles. Utilizing ultra‐high‐speed imaging, the microparticle mass and density is determined with sub‐nanogram resolution based on the relaxation time characterizing the microparticle's transient response. Master curves of the BMT method are shown to be dependent on the viscosity of the solution. The BMT, controlled by a gamepad with magnetic‐field guidance, precisely manipulates target microparticles, including bioparticles. Validation involves measuring the polystyrene microparticle mass and hollow glass microsphere density, and assessing the mouse embryo mass densities. The BMT technique presents a promising chip‐free, real‐time, highly maneuverable strategy that integrates bubble microrobot‐based manipulation with precise bioparticle mass and density detection, which can facilitate microscale bioparticle characterizations such as embryo growth monitoring.
Exploring barriers to utilizing local agricultural products in the catering industry
Authors: Liu Wan‐Yu , Lin Hsing‐Wei , Lin Chun‐Cheng
Published: May 2024

Both the proportion and expenditure of dining out and takeaway in Taiwan have been increasing year by year. This study investigates the factors influencing the catering service providers (CSPs) procurement of domestically produced or imported food materials. The empirical results showed that the procurement cost, quality, safety, and availability of ingredients were the major considerations for CSPs to purchase ingredients. Different types of CSPs had different cognitions, attitudes, and purchasing behaviors toward domestically produced and imported ingredients. Bento establishments, self‐service cafeterias, and noodle shops adopted higher proportions of domestically produced ingredients (DPIs), and they also had more confidence in these ingredients. On the contrary, table service restaurants, all‐you‐can‐eat restaurants, breakfast eateries, coffee shops, and fast food restaurants adopted higher proportions of imported ingredients. The results may be related to the food items purchased and catering services provided by different CSPs. Therefore, CSPs should be included in the scope and promotion of food and agriculture education so as to increase their emphasis on ingredients for health, increase their tendency to purchase DPIs, promote the disclosure of information on food producers and ingredients, and enhance the communications among food producers, buyers, CSPs, and dining‐out consumers.
Multicut logic‐based Benders decomposition for discrete‐time scheduling and dynamic optimization of network batch plants
Authors: Liñán David A. , Ricardez‐Sandoval Luis A.
Published: May 2024

This study presents the first application of a logic‐based Benders decomposition (LBBD) technique in the field of simultaneous scheduling and dynamic optimization (SSDO), applied to network batch processes with a discrete‐time scheduling formulation. The proposed algorithm employs neighborhood information of ordered discrete decisions (e.g., batching variables) to generate cuts, rather than relying on traditional cut generation techniques based on dual information that are implemented in generalized Benders decomposition (GBD) algorithms. The proposed algorithm relies on solving multiple subproblems per iteration, which is a feature that allows the generation of multiple cuts per iteration thus producing accurate approximations of the objective function in shorter computational times. This results in the herein proposed multicut logic‐based discrete Benders decomposition (MLD‐BD) algorithm, which enables features such as a pruning strategy, and a cut‐off technique. Two case studies are used to demonstrate the computational advantages of the MLD‐BD framework against GBD and heuristic methodologies.
Rett syndrome diagnostic odyssey: Limitations of NextGen sequencing
Authors: Abbott Megan , Angione Katie , Forbes Emily , Stoecker Mikayla , Saenz Margarita , Neul Jeffrey L. , Marsh Eric D. , Skinner Steven A. , Percy Alan K. , Benke Tim A.
Published: May 2024

Typical (or classic) Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X‐linked neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a period of regression, partial or complete loss of purposeful hand movements, and acquired speech, impaired gait, and stereotyped hand movements. In over 95% of typical RTT, a pathogenic variant is found in the methyl‐CPG binding protein 2 gene (MECP2). Here, we describe a young woman with clinically diagnosed typical RTT syndrome who lacked a genetic diagnosis despite 20 years of investigation and multiple rounds of sequencing the MECP2 gene. Recently, additional genetic testing using next‐generation sequencing was completed, which revealed a partial insertion of the BCL11A gene within exon 4 of MECP2, resulting in a small deletion in MECP2, causing likely disruption of MeCP2 function due to a frameshift. This case demonstrates the ever‐changing limitations of genetic testing, as well as the importance of continual pursuit of a diagnosis as technologies improve and are more widely utilized.
Oxidative Upcycling of Polyethylene to Long Chain Diacid over Co‐MCM‐41 Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Qiang , He Jiajia , Wei Xiangyue , Shen Chengfeng , Ye Pengbo , An Wenli , Liu Xuehui , Li Haoze , Xu Shimei , Su Zhishan , Wang Yu‐Zhong
Published: May 2024

Plastic pollution is an emerging global threat due to lack of effective methods for transforming waste plastics into useful resources. Here, we demonstrate a direct oxidative upcycling of polyethylene into high‐value and high‐volume saturated dicarboxylic acids in high carbon yield of 85.9 % in which the carbon yield of long chain dicarboxylic (C10‐C20) acids can reach 58.9% over cobalt‐doped MCM‐41 molecular sieves, in the absence of any solvent or precious metal catalyst. The distribution of the dicarboxylic acids can be controllably adjusted from short‐chain (C4‐C10) to long‐chain ones (C10‐C20) through changing cobalt loading of MCM‐41 under nanoconfinement. Highly and sparsely dispersed cobalt along with confined space of mesoporous structure enables complete degradation of polyethylene and high selectivity of dicarboxylic acid in mild condition. So far, this is the first report on highly selective one‐step preparation of long chain dicarboxylic acids. The approach provides an attractive solution to tackle plastic pollution and a promising alternative route to long chain diacids.
Indonesiaʼs energy transition: Dependency, subsidies and renewables
Authors: Wong Ryan , Dewayanti Aninda
Published: May 2024

Indonesiaʼs economy is highly dependent on the fossil fuel industry as evidenced in measures of non‐taxable revenue, energy subsidy, energy mix and regulatory flexibility. To cut carbon emissions by 41% in 2030, the energy system needs to transition faster than anticipated through progressive reforms and investment. Policy makers understandably are fearful of the shocks and unrests resulted from fossil fuel subsidy reform. However, the fears were shown to be an over‐reaction, especially if poorer households were supported. The state‐owned enterprise, Perusahaan Listrik Negara, is the central player in the tug of war between the fossil fuel and renewable sectors. The government should signal unwavering support for international investment in the renewables, and update the regulation on rooftop solar that boosts return on investment for domestic households. International investors will need modelling of cost competitiveness of wind farms against coal‐fired plants in more remote areas.
A literature review on pharmacological aspects, docking studies, and synthetic approaches of quinazoline and quinazolinone derivatives
Authors: Ghoneim Mohammed M. , Abdelgawad Mohamed A. , Elkanzi Nadia A. A. , Parambi Della Grace Thomas , Alsalahat Izzeddin , Farouk Amr , Bakr Rania B.
Published: May 2024

Quinazoline and quinazolinone derivatives piqued medicinal chemistry interest in developing novel drug candidates owing to their pharmacological potential. They are important chemicals for the synthesis of a variety of physiologically significant and pharmacologically useful molecules. Quinazoline and quinazolinone derivatives have anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticonvulsant, antiviral, and antimicrobial potential. The increased understanding of quinazoline and quinazolinone derivatives in biological activities provides opportunities for new medicinal products. The present review focuses on novel advances in the synthesis of these important scaffolds and other medicinal aspects involving drug design, structure–activity relationship, and action mechanisms of quinazoline and quinazolinone derivatives to help in the development of new quinazoline and quinazolinone derivatives.
Model adaptive reference tracking control for uncertain robotic manipulators with input disturbance
Authors: Pham Thiem V. , Nguyen Quynh T. Thanh
Published: May 2024

This article presents a simple approach for designing a linear adaptive controller, employing the model reference systems concept, to enable the tracking of uncertain robotic manipulators under the influence of input disturbances. The combined impact of model uncertainties and matched disturbances on the robot's behavior is considered as a total matched disturbance, attributed to a double integral system. Subsequently, a novel linear disturbance estimator, augmented by a feed‐forward correction term, is employed to estimate this lumped disturbance within the double integrator system. As a result of this procedure, the requisite adaptive law, based on the model reference system, is formulated for the nominal control parameter instead of arbitrary free‐parameter selections. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is theoretically justified and further supported by its application in the analysis of an active magnetic bearing system.
A comprehensive insight into the immunomodulatory role of MSCs‐derived exosomes (MSC‐Exos) through modulating pattern‐recognition receptors (PRRs)
Authors: Alshahrani Mohammad Y. , Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Altalbawy Farag M. A. , Bansal Pooja , Kaur Harpreet , Al‐Hamdani Mais Mazin , Deorari Mahamedha , Abosaoda Munther Kadhim , Hamzah Hamza Fadhel , A. Mohammed Bahira
Published: May 2024

Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes (MSC‐Exos) are emerging as remarkable agents in the field of immunomodulation with vast potential for diagnosing and treating various diseases, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. These tiny vesicles are laden with a diverse cargo encompassing proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and bioactive molecules, offering a wealth of biomarkers and therapeutic options. MSC‐Exos exhibit their immunomodulatory prowess by skillfully regulating pattern‐recognition receptors (PRRs). They conduct a symphony of immunological responses, modulating B‐cell activities, polarizing macrophages toward anti‐inflammatory phenotypes, and fine‐tuning T‐cell activity. These interactions have profound implications for precision medicine, cancer immunotherapy, autoimmune disease management, biomarker discovery, and regulatory approvals. MSC‐Exos promises to usher in a new era of tailored therapies, personalized diagnostics, and more effective treatments for various medical conditions. As research advances, their transformative potential in healthcare becomes increasingly evident.
MicroRNA‐29‐mediated cross‐talk between metabolic organs in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications: A narrative review
Authors: Yesuf Hassen Ahmed , Molla Meseret Derbew , Malik Tabarak , Seyoum Wendimagegn Zeru , Yimer Yadelew
Published: May 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by hyperglycemia. Microribonucleic acids (microRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules synthesized in the nucleus, modified, and exported to the extracellular environment to bind to their complementary target sequences. It regulates protein synthesis in the targeted cells by inhibiting translation or triggering the degradation of the target messenger. MicroRNA‐29 is one of noncoding RNA that can be secreted by adipose tissue, hepatocytes, islet cells, and brain cells. The expression level of the microRNA‐29 family in several metabolic organs is regulated by body weight, blood concentrations of inflammatory mediators, serum glucose levels, and smoking habits. Several experimental studies have demonstrated the effect of microRNA‐29 on the expression of target genes involved in glucose metabolism, insulin synthesis and secretion, islet cell survival, and proliferation. These findings shed new light on the role of microRNA‐29 in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications, which plays a vital role in developing appropriate therapies. Different molecular pathways have been proposed to explain how microRNA‐29 promotes the development of diabetes and its complications. However, to the best of our knowledge, no published review article has summarized the molecular mechanism of microRNA‐29‐mediated initiation of DM and its complications. Therefore, this narrative review aims to summarize the role of microRNA‐29‐mediated cross‐talk between metabolic organs in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications.
Hypereosinophilic syndrome with cardiac and cutaneous involvement: Missed treatment opportunity of a case from Ethiopia
Authors: Tukeni Kedir Negesso , Gemechu Tadesse Dukessa , Abafogi Mohammed , Ashine Amare , Woyimo Tamirat Godebo , Abafogi Abdo , Asefa Elsah Tegene
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Understand the importance of considering alternative diagnosis in patients presenting with atypical features. Understand the importance of considering common presentations of rare cases. Underscoring the critical importance of timely recognition and appropriate management of potentially life‐threatening condition.
Microwave‐Driven Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste into Carbon Nanotubes and Hydrogen Using Spinel Ferrites
Authors: Shoukat Bilal , Naz Muhammad Yasin , Yaseen Muhammad , Noreen Saima
Published: May 2024

In this study, NiFe2O4, ZnFe2O4, and MgFe2O4 catalysts are utilized to decompose plastic into hydrogen gas, liquids, and carbon nanotubes. Ferrite nanoparticles worked as a catalyst and heat susceptors for microwaves. MgFe2O4 catalyst resulted in highly structured carbon residue with fewer impurities than other catalysts. The oil yield of 13.5, 14, and 9.5 wt. % was obtained with NiFe2O4, ZnFe2O4, and MgFe2O4, respectively. Similarly, gas evolution was about 14, 13, and 12.5 wt. %, respectively. MgFe2O4 displayed superior H2 production efficiency of 90 % compared to the other two catalysts. These findings suggest high activity of MgFe2O4 catalyst compared to NiFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4 catalysts. This catalyst also showed stronger magnetic characteristics and reactivity.
Upgrading of Biogas Generated from Shrimp Processing Effluent Using Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption
Authors: Ardhan Natthaphon , Tongpadungrod Pensiri , Songkasiri Warinthorn , Suttikul Thitiporn , Phalakornkule Chantaraporn
Published: May 2024

In this study, a field study was presented on upgrading the biogas generated from shrimp processing wastewater (sfw‐biogas) that had H2S of 5000–6000 ppm, CO2 13–32 %, and CH4 68–87 % using the oxidative absorption of H2S in iron‐chelated solution in series with vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA). The regeneration of the adsorbent treating sfw‐biogas required a shorter evacuation time than that of treating the biogas with a typical composition of 60 % CH4 (t‐biogas). The VPSA process treating sfw‐biogas required half the evacuation time and 26 % lower energy consumption. However, the methane recovery decreased from 80 % for t‐biogas to 65 % for sfw‐biogas.
An overview of dental glass–ceramics: From material design to the manufacturing process
Authors: Jiang Yongfang , Zhang Changbo , Xu Jie , Xu Jiamin , Zhan Xue‐Qing , Ma Ning , Tsai Fang‐Chang
Published: May 2024

As a subserie of the dental ceramic material family, glass–ceramics are favored for their excellent aesthetic properties. The feasibility of current commercially available dental glass–ceramics applications has been proven, while the assurance and development of more functional properties for them are still being explored. Effective utilization of various modification mechanisms by adjusting the chemical composition and microstructure is essential to improve the mechanical properties, aesthetic properties, and other properties such as biocompatibility of dental restorative materials. Among them, the mechanical properties of restorations should take into account the mechanical properties of glass ceramics and the final restoration (restoration and tooth set) in the mechanical behavior. This paper provides an overview of the chemical composition design, classification of microstructure, property requirements, and strengthening methods applied to dental glass–ceramics, including ion exchange, chain effects, heat treatment modulation, and strengthening mechanisms. In addition, research on traditional hot pressing, subtractive manufacturing, and newly developed additive manufacturing in glass–ceramics are systematically presented. Finally, the tendency of dental glass–ceramics was forecasted by analyzing the relationship between glass–ceramic composition, process, and mechanical properties.
Effect of ionic liquid on CH4 hydrate formation thermodynamics
Authors: Yue Gang , Liu Yu , Qin Yong‐hua , Tian Zong‐ming , Zhao Xin‐mei , Liu Xiao‐xue , Du Zhen , Zhang Xin‐bo , Guo Xu‐qiang
Published: May 2024

In this work, experiment results of CH4 hydrate formation pressure in four imidazole ionic liquid solutions have been determined. Hydrogen bond interaction between ionic liquids and water molecules has been simulated by conductor like screening model for real solvents model (COSMO‐RS). Hydrogen bond energy has been calculated. Variation of hydrogen bond energy between ionic liquid and water molecules was obtained by COSMO‐RS simulation. The inhibition effect of four ionic liquids on water activity was listed from strong to weak in order: [BMIm]Br > [BMIm]BF4 > [BMIm]PF6 > [OMIm]BF4. Compared with experimental results of CH4 hydrate formation pressure in ionic liquid aqueous solution, hydrogen bond interaction between ionic liquid and water molecules obtained by COSMO‐RS is basically consistent with experimental results of hydrate formation pressure in ionic liquid. The study could provide better theoretical basis for ionic liquid selection on gas hydrate study. The simulation would be better as one method to chose admirable ionic liquid in the area of hydrate additives usage.
Microwave‐Assisted Pyrolysis‐A New Way for the Sustainable Recycling and Upgrading of Plastic and Biomass: A Review
Authors: Jiang Zhicheng , Liang Yuan , Guo Fenfen , Wang Yuxuan , Li Ruikai , Tang Aoyi , Tu Youjing , Zhang Xingyu , Wang Junxia , Li Shenggang , Kong Lingzhao
Published: May 2024

The efficient utilization of organic solid waste resources can help reducing the consumption of conventional fossil fuels, mitigating environmental pollution, and achieving green sustainable development. Due to its dual nature of being both a resource and a source of pollution, it is crucial to implement suitable recycling technologies throughout the recycling and upgrading processes for plastics and biomass, which are organic solid wastes with complex mixture of components. The conventional pyrolysis and hydropyrolysis were summarized for recycling plastics and biomass into high‐value fuels, chemicals, and materials. To enhance reaction efficiency and improve product selectivity, microwave‐assisted pyrolysis was introduced to the upgrading of plastics and biomass through efficient energy supply especially with the aid of catalysts and microwave absorbers. This review provides a detail summary of microwave‐assisted pyrolysis for plastics and biomass from the technical, applied, and mechanistic perspectives. Based on the recent technological advances, the future directions for the development of microwave‐assisted pyrolysis technologies are predicted.