bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Intellectual Humility in the Context of Affective Polarization: Approaching and Avoiding Others in Controversial Political Discussions
Authors: Knöchelmann Larissa , Cohrs Christopher
Published: May 2024

Affective polarization, the extent to which political actors treat each other as disliked outgroups, is challenging political exchange and deliberation, e.g. via mistrust of the ‘political enemy’ and unwillingness to discuss political topics with them. The present experiments address this problem and study what makes people approach, and not avoid, potential discussion partners in the context of polarized political topics in Germany. We hypothesized that intellectual humility, the recognition of one’s intellectual limitations, would predict both less affective polarization and higher approach and lower avoidance tendencies toward contrary minded-others. Across four pre-registered online survey experiments (N = 1668), we manipulated how intellectually humble a target person was perceived and measured participants’ self-reported (topic-specific) intellectual humility. Results revealed that participants’ intellectual humility was consistently negatively correlated with affective polarization. Additionally, intellectual humility of both the target person and the participants was beneficial, and sometimes even necessary, to make participants approach, and not avoid, the target person. Intellectual humility was more important than moral conviction, opinion, and opinion strength. Furthermore, the effects on approach and avoidance were mediated by more positive expectations regarding the debate, and the effects on future willingness for contact by higher target liking. Our findings suggest that intellectual humility is an important characteristic to enable political exchange as it leads to seeing political outgroups more positively and to a higher willingness to engage in intergroup contact. Implications for intergroup contact of political groups as well as ideas for future research are discussed.
How Can Data Science Contribute to Understanding the Khipu Code?
Authors: Medrano Manuel , Khosla Ashok
Published: May 2024

In "How Can Spin, Ply, and Knot Direction Contribute to Understanding the Quipu Code?" (2005), mathematician Marcia Ascher referenced new data on 59 Andean khipus to assess the significance of their variable twists and knots. However, this aggregative, comparative impulse arose late in Ascher’s khipu research; the mathematical relations she had identified among 200+ previously cataloged khipus were specified only at the level of individual specimens. This article pursues a new scale of analysis, generalizing the "Ascher relations" to recognize meaningful patterns in a 650-khipu corpus, the largest yet subjected to computational study. We find that Ascher formulae characterize at least 74% of khipus, which exhibit meaningful arrangements of internal sums. Top cords are shown to register a minority of sum relationships and are newly identified as markers of low-level, "working" khipus. We reunite two fragments of a broken khipu using arithmetic properties discovered between the strings. Finally, this analysis suggests a new khipu convention—the use of white pendant cords as boundary markers for clusters of sum cords. In their synthesis, exhaustive search, confirmatory study, mathematical rejoining, and hypothesis generation emerge as distinct contributions to khipu description, typology, and decipherment.
The Effect of a Woman-Friendly Occupation on Employment: U.S. Postmasters Before World War II
Authors: Li Sophie
Published: May 2024

I examine the effect of a woman-friendly occupation on employment by exploring a unique historical setting -- the postmaster occupation during the early twentieth-century United States. Unlike many occupations that established practices to prevent married women from entering, postmasters were open to married women and offered flexible work arrangements and equal pay. With a novel dataset on postmaster appointments and census linking, I show that postmasters attracted qualified women who were not gainfully employed previously. However, the postmaster occupation offered women few benefits beyond the appointed term. Taking advantage of the fact that postmasters were presidential appointees and were rarely re-appointed after the party of the president changed, I compare the 1940 outcomes of women appointed just before and after the 1933 presidential transition in a regression discontinuity (RD) design. The RD estimates suggest that women experienced a 26.7 percentage points reduction in gainful employment after finishing their postmaster term. The negative employment effect is unique to women and does not apply to men appointed under the same circumstances. In addition, I show that women postmasters were not more likely to be employed than their women neighbors who had never been postmasters, despite their work experience. The lack of benefits for women's future employment is in part explained by state-level discrimination against married women working and the severity of the Great Depression.
The Causality between Economic Growth and Public Debt in Nepal: Toda-Yamamoto Approach
Authors: Phaju Rajan , Khadka Rupak
Published: May 2024

This research paper investigated the causality between economic growth and public debt in Nepal using the time series data from 1975 to 2020. The study applies the Granger non-causality procedure developed by Toda and Yamamoto in a vector autoregression (VAR) model. Variables are real GDP, foreign debt, domestic debt and foreign currency reserve. The empirical results point out that one-way Granger causality running from real gross domestic product to domestic debt whereas foreign debt cannot be caused by all three variables. Similarly, foreign currency reserve also cannot be caused by all three variables. No causality between foreign currency reserve and domestic debt is found. Surprisingly internal debt cannot affect real gross domestic product. This result reveals that rather one-way Granger causality running from foreign currency reserve and foreign debt to real gross domestic product for the mentioned time period. No unidirectional causality among the variables was found in the result. The policymakers should take into consideration of this conclusion and should adopt more structural reforms to collection of domestic debt.
Government Expenditure and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Analysis
Authors: Nhemhafuki Sanjeev
Published: May 2024

This paper empirically analyses the relationship between Economic Growth measured in terms of GDP Growth and Government Expenditure, GDP and Population. It employs annual cross-section time series data of the concerned variable of 117 countries from 2001 to 2021. Random Effect model was used for the analysis. The pool-ability of data is tested by the Breusch and Pagan LM test which confirmed that Pooled OLS is not appropriate for the model. The Hausman Specification Test was then conducted for choosing between the Fixed Effect or Random Effect model. The Hausman Specification Test for the Model suggests the Random effect model is appropriate for the analysis of the data. Thus, Random effect regression is used to find the consequences of explanatory and the control variables on the dependent variable. Government Expenditure as an explanatory variable has a positive relationship with the Economic Growth, even in the case of controlling for Population and the Trade Openness. Both the control variable is depicted to have positive relationship with the Economic Growth.
For a Justice-to-Come: Milo Rau’s Utopian Realism
Authors: Howe Steven
Published: May 2024

One of the most prolific political theatre makers in Europe today, Milo Rau is known for his commitment to a realist art of possibility—a “Möglichkeitsrealismus,” as he defines it, devoted to opening space for envisioning possible alternatives to the status quo. Drawing on Ernst Bloch’s writings on utopia, this article argues for an understanding of Rau’s artistic practice as a kind of “concrete utopianism” that materially engages the world so as to imagine—and enact—new possibilities for improvement and transformation. Via a reading of Rau’s Kongo Tribunal (2015), an attempt is made to show how, by staging the tribunal in the here and now of performance, the artist seeks to disclose the real but not yet realized possibilities available in the present, giving form to an alternative institutionality—and an alternative practice of justice—that is made fully graspable in the imagination and in reality. As a material act of imagining otherwise, the Kongo Tribunal refuses the closure of the present, inviting spectators to step back and recognize the institutionalized forms of law and justice not as fixed but variable—and thus (still) open to change.
Esporotricose felina: Sinais clínicos e prevenção em animais e humanos
Authors: Rocha Jaqueline Lemon Teixeira , Oliveira Maria Gabriela Xavier de
Published: May 2024

Sporotrichosis is a mycosis caused by the fungus Sporothrix sp, which is found in plants, trees, and soil, associated with decomposing plant remains. The disease can affect various species, especially felines which, in turn, are the main transmitters of sporotrichosis to humans. Infection by Sporothrix sp. occurs through contact between injured skin and surfaces contaminated with the fungus, or scratching or biting by diseased animals. In addition to the skin manifestation, sporotrichosis can also occur in extracutaneous form, affecting multiple organs such as the lungs, lymph nodes, liver, spleen and kidneys. There is no preventive vaccine for the disease and it is treated with synthetic fungistatic agents with a broad spectrum of antifungal activity. Sporotrichosis is considered one of the most relevant mycoses in veterinary medicine and an underdiagnosed zoonosis, mainly due to the lack of control and prevention initiatives, which consequently leads to a lack of public awareness. In the states of Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro and in some cities in states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais Bahia, Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba have compulsory notification of cases. Since December 1, 2020, the notification of sporotrichosis in dogs and cats has become mandatory in the city of São Paulo. The purpose of this review is to emphasize that sporotrichosis is an emerging zoonosis that is underdiagnosed in Brazil. Information and publicity campaigns are needed to reinforce the importance of treatment and the potential for a cure, as well as effective educational measures related to public health programs for the control of human and animal sporotrichosis. Responsible pet ownership campaigns, which emphasize the importance of neutering and restricting street access, are of paramount importance for the epidemiological control of the disease. Veterinarians have a fundamental role to play in guiding the guardian, emphasizing that the lack of treatment, in addition to causing great suffering to the affected animal, can contribute to the spread of the disease, including to humans.
The Arduous Journey: Illegal Immigration from Pakistan to the UK
Authors: Waheed Shabana , Tahir Muhammad , Jamal Atef
Published: May 2024

Illegal immigration from Pakistan to the UK is a complex issue with various factors at play. Societal turmoil, political instability, and economic inequality contribute to the challenges faced by undocumented immigrants upon arrival. These include geographical risks, financial constraints, legal complexities, and social adjustment difficulties. Despite negative impacts such as resource strain and community conflict, undocumented immigrants fill labor gaps and contribute positively to local economies. Governments must address root causes, reform legal frameworks, protect refugee rights, and promote global collaboration. Tightening border control, combating human trafficking, and funding integration programs are crucial steps. Efforts should focus on dialogue, partnership, and affirming the rights of all individuals regardless of legal status.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGGUNA INTERNET, PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO PER KAPITA DAN TINGKAT KETENAGAKERJAAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF E-COMMERCE
Authors: Radjamin Irzameingindra Putri , Hermawan Jessica
Published: May 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki hubungan antara pengguna internet, PDB per kapita, dan tingkat ketenagakerjaan di industri dalam perspektif E-commerce pada era digital. Uji kausalitas Granger digunakan dalam metode penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pengguna internet sangat berpengaruh dalam perekonomian. Peningkatan pengguna internet memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi karena meningkatkan PDB per kapita dan penyerapan tenaga kerja industri. Sebaliknya, hukum Okun menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan PDB berhubungan dengan kenaikan tingkat pekerjaan, yang mengindikasikan bahwa PDB dan tingkat pekerjaan memiliki hubungan searah. Selain itu, temuan dari penelitian ini memberikan gambaran tentang bagaimana peningkatan penggunaan E-commerce oleh pengguna internet dapat meningkatkan perekonomian suatu negara secara signifikan. Isi dari jurnal ini adalah: Bagian 1 menjelaskan karakteristik dari PDB, lapangan kerja, E-commerce, dan pertumbuhan pengguna internet. Bagian 2 memberikan gambaran umum tentang data dan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian, terutama indikator penggunaan internet, PDB aktial per kapita, dan lapangan kerja industri. Bagian 3 menyajikan hasil dan pembahasan, dan terakhir pada bagian 4 disajikan kesimpulan dan saran.
ANALISIS TEKNIKAL SAHAM ENERGI MENGGUNAKAN INDIKATOR MACD DAN INDIKATOR RSI PADA INDEKS LQ45
Authors: Herlambang Maulana Yusuf , Kusuma Pradana Jati , Usman Usman , Waluyo Dwi Eko
Published: May 2024

Tujuan dari penilitian ini guna memberikan kontribusi baru dan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang penggunaan indikator teknikal, peneliti mengkaji bagaimana penggunaan indikator teknikal di pasar modal khususnya saham dengan menggunakan indikator MACD dan Indikator RSI. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dipakai dalam metode ini. Dengan memakai dua indikator dalam transaksi saham, yaitu MACD dan RSI, yang digunakan dalam melakukan tindakan analisis saham dalam mendapatkan jumlah sinyal yang dihasilkan dan sinyal keberhasilan rata-rata. Penelitian ini berfokus pada perusahaan sektor energi apa saja yang berada dalam indeks LQ45 pada tahun 2021 – 2023 dan pengambilan sampel dilaksanakan dengan memakai metode purposive sampling. Gunakan analisis data memakai Microsoft Excel serta Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) adaptation 25 guna Windows. Hasil penelitian ini menyiratkan bahwasannya penggunaan indikator MACD dan RSI dalam menganalisis saham menghasilkan rata-rata di atas 50%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua indikator tersebut memiliki tingkat akurasi yang cukup baik dalam memberikan sinyal buy dan sell. Keterbatasan penelitian ini adalah hanya berfokus pada dua indikator teknikal, yaitu MACD dan RSI, sehingga tidak mencakup semua indikator teknikal yang mungkin dipergunakan sama investor.
Clinical Evidence for GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liang Yulin , Doré Vincent , Rowe Christopher C. , Krishnadas Natasha
Published: May 2024

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. While preclinical studies have shown benefits of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) in targeting core AD pathology, clinical studies are limited.

Objective:

A systematic review was performed to evaluate GLP-1 RAs in AD for their potential to target core AD pathology and improve cognition.

Methods:

Searches were conducted via three different databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library). Search terms included Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms: ‘glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist’ and ‘Alzheimer’s disease’, as well as entry terms ‘GLP-1 RA’, ‘AD’, and three types of GLP-1 RA: ‘liraglutide’, ‘exenatide’, and ‘lixisenatide’.

Results:

A total of 1,444 studies were screened. Six articles that met criteria were included (four randomized control trials [RCTs] and two protocol studies). Two RCTs with amyloid-β and tau biomarker endpoints did not observe an end of treatment difference between the placebo and treated groups. In three RCTs with cognitive endpoints, there was no end of treatment difference between placebo and treated groups. GLP-1 RA showed metabolic benefits, such as lower body mass index and improved glucose levels on oral glucose tolerance tests in treated groups. GLP-1 RA may mitigate the decline in cerebral glucose metabolism and show enhanced blood-brain glucose transport capacity using 18F-FDG PET, however, more data is needed.

Conclusions:

GLP-1 RA therapy did not alter amyloid-β and tau biomarkers nor show improvements in cognition but showed potential metabolic and neuroprotective benefits.
Continuous data assimilation for the three dimensional primitive equations with magnetic field
Authors: Zhao Yongqing , Liu Wenjun , Lv Guangying , Wang Yuepeng
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the problem of continuous data assimilation of three dimensional primitive equations with magnetic field in thin domain is studied. We establish the well-posedness of the assimilation system and prove that the H 2 -strong solution of the assimilation system converges exponentially to the reference solution in the sense of L 2 as t → ∞. We also study the sensitivity analysis of the assimilation system and prove that a sequence of solutions of the difference quotient equation converge to the unique solution of the formal sensitivity equation.
Research progress on the application of magnesium phosphate bone cement in bone defect repair: A review
Authors: Tian Yongzheng , Sun Ruilong , Li Yunfei , Liu Peng , Fan Bo , Xue Yun
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Bone defects arising from diverse causes, such as traffic accidents, contemporary weapon usage, and bone-related disorders, present significant challenges in clinical treatment. Prolonged treatment cycles for bone defects can result in complications, impacting patients’ overall quality of life. Efficient and timely repair of bone defects is thus a critical concern in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the scientific progress and achievements of magnesium phosphate bone cement (MPC) as an artificial bone substitute material. Additionally, the research seeks to explore the future development path and clinical potential of MPC bone cement in addressing challenges associated with bone defects. METHODS: The study comprehensively reviews MPC’s performance, encompassing e.g. mechanical properties, biocompatibility, porosity, adhesion and injectability. Various modifiers are also considered to broaden MPC’s applications in bone tissue engineering, emphasizing drug-loading performance and antibacterial capabilities, which meet clinical diversification requirements. RESULTS: In comparison to alternatives such as autogenous bone transplantation, allograft, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and calcium phosphate cement (CPC), MPC emerges as a promising solution for bone defects. It addresses limitations associated with these alternatives, such as immunological rejection and long-term harm to patients. MPC can control heat release during the curing process, exhibits superior mechanical strength, and has the capacity to stimulate new bone growth. CONCLUSION: MPC stands out as an artificial bone substitute with appropriate mechanical strength, rapid degradation, non-toxicity, and good biocompatibility, facilitating bone repair and regeneration. Modification agents can enhance its clinical versatility. Future research should delve into its mechanical properties and formulations, expanding clinical applications to create higher-performing and more medically valuable alternatives in bone defect repair.
PCSK9 induces endothelial cell autophagy by regulating the PI3K/ATK pathway in atherosclerotic coronary heart disease
Authors: Li Wei-Wei , Guo Ze-Ming , Wang Bing-Cai , Liu Qing-Quan , Zhao Wen-An , Wei Xiao-Lan
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries, and its pathogenesis is related to endothelial dysfunction. It has been found that the protein convertase subtilin/kexin9 type (PCSK9) plays an important role in AS, but its specific mechanism is still unclear. METHODS: In this study, we first cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with 50 or 100μg/ml oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for 24 hours to establish a coronary atherosclerosis cell model. RESULTS: The results showed that ox-LDL induced HUVEC injury and autophagy and upregulated PCSK9 protein expression in HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner. Silencing PCSK9 expression with siRNA inhibited ox-LDL-induced HUVEC endothelial dysfunction, inhibited the release of inflammatory factors, promoted HUVEC proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. In addition, ox-LDL increased the expression of LC3B-I and LC3B-II and decreased the expression of p62. However, these processes are reversed by sh-PCSK9. In addition, sh-PCSK9 can inhibit PI3K, AKT and mTOR phosphorylation and promote autophagy. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our research shows that silencing PCSK9 inhibits the PI3K/ATK/mTOR pathway to activate ox-LDL-induced autophagy in vascular endothelial cells, alleviating endothelial cell injury and inflammation.
Acute Hyperglycemia Induced by Hyperglycemic Clamp Affects Plasma Amyloid-β in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rolandsson Olov , Tornevi Andreas , Steneberg Pär , Edlund Helena , Olsson Tommy , Andreasson Ulf , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj
Published: May 2024

Background:

Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have an increased risk of cognitive symptoms and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mis-metabolism with aggregation of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) play a key role in AD pathophysiology. Therefore, human studies on Aβ metabolism and T2D are warranted.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to examine whether acute hyperglycemia affects plasma Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 concentrations in individuals with T2D and matched controls.

Methods:

Ten participants with T2D and 11 controls (median age, 69 years; range, 66–72 years) underwent hyperglycemic clamp and placebo clamp (saline infusion) in a randomized order, each lasting 4 hours. Aβ1–40, Aβ1–42, and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) plasma concentrations were measured in blood samples taken at 0 and 4 hours of each clamp. Linear mixed-effect regression models were used to evaluate the 4-hour changes in Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 concentrations, adjusting for body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and 4-hour change in insulin concentration.

Results:

At baseline, Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 concentrations did not differ between the two groups. During the hyperglycemic clamp, Aβ decreased in the control group, compared to the placebo clamp (Aβ1–40: p = 0.034, Aβ1–42: p = 0.020), IDE increased ( p = 0.016) during the hyperglycemic clamp, whereas no significant changes in either Aβ or IDE was noted in the T2D group.

Conclusions:

Clamp-induced hyperglycemia was associated with increased IDE levels and enhanced Aβ40 and Aβ42 clearance in controls, but not in individuals with T2D. We hypothesize that insulin-degrading enzyme was inhibited during hyperglycemic conditions in people with T2D.
Olfactory Dysfunction and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review
Authors: McLaren Alexandra M.R. , Kawaja Michael D.
Published: May 2024

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, and it is one of the leading causes of death globally. Identification and validation of biomarkers that herald the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease is of paramount importance for early reliable diagnosis and effective pharmacological therapy commencement. A substantial body of evidence has emerged demonstrating that olfactory dysfunction is a preclinical symptom of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease. While a correlation between olfactory dysfunction and Alzheimer’s disease onset and progression in humans exists, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains unknown. The aim of this article is to review the current state of knowledge regarding the range of potential factors that may contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease-related olfactory dysfunction. This review predominantly focuses on genetic mutations associated with Alzheimer’s disease including amyloid-β protein precursor, presenilin 1 and 2, and apolipoprotein E mutations, that may (in varying ways) drive the cellular events that lead to and sustain olfactory dysfunction.
TLR4/Rac1/NLRP3 Pathway Mediates Amyloid-β-Induced Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zhu Mengxin , Liu Yang , Chen Chen , Chen Hao , Ni Wanyan , Song Yuanjian , Lv Bingchen , Hua Fang , Cui Guiyun , Zhang Zuohui
Published: May 2024

Background:

Neuroinflammation plays a crucial part in the initial onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). NLRP3 inflammasome was demonstrated to get involved in amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced neuroinflammation. However, the mechanism of Aβ-triggered activation of NLRP3 inflammasome remains poorly understood.

Objective:

Based on our previous data, the study aimed to identify the downstream signals that bridge the activation of TLR4 and NLRP3 inflammasome associated with Aβ.

Methods:

BV-2 cells were transfected with TLR4siRNA or pretreated with a CLI-095 or NSC23766, followed by Aβ1–42 treatment. APP/PS1 mice were injected intraperitoneally with CLI-095 or NSC23766. NLRP3 inflammasome and microglia activation was detected with immunostaining and western blot. G-LISA and Rac1 pull-down activation test were performed to investigate the activation of Rac1. Real-time PCR and ELISA were used to detect the inflammatory cytokines. Aβ plaques were assessed by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Morris water maze test was conducted to determine the spatial memory in mice.

Results:

Rac1 and NLRP3 inflammasome were activated by Aβ in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Inhibition of TLR4 reduced the activity of Rac1 and NLRP3 inflammasome induced by Aβ1–42. Furthermore, inhibition of Rac1 blocked NLRP3 inflammasome activation mediated by TLR4. Blocking the pathway by CLI095 or NSC23766 suppressed Aβ1–42-triggered activation of microglia, reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and ameliorated the cognition deficits in APP/PS1 mice.

Conclusions:

Our study demonstrated that TLR4/Rac1/NLRP3 pathway mediated Aβ-induced neuroinflammation, which unveiled a novel pathway and key contributors underlying the pathogenic mechanism of Aβ.
Association of Age with Dual-Task Objective Cognitive Indicators and Gait Parameters in Older Adults
Authors: Wang Linlin , Zhang Xuezhen , Wang Lei , Guo Miaomiao , Yang Qihang , Chen Xiaogang , Sha Hong
Published: May 2024

Background:

Early recognition of dementia like Alzheimer’s disease is crucial for disease diagnosis and treatment, and existing objective tools for early screening of cognitive impairment are limited.

Objective:

To investigate age-related behavioral indicators of dual-task cognitive performance and gait parameters and to explore potential objective markers of early cognitive decline.

Methods:

The community-based cognitive screening data was analyzed. Hierarchical cluster analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were performed on the 9-item subjective cognitive decline (SCD-9) scores, walking-cognitive dual-task performance, walking speed, and gait parameters of 152 participants. The significant differences of indicators that may related to cognitive decline were statistically analyzed across six age groups. A mathematical model with age as the independent variable and motor cognition composite score as the dependent variable was established to observe the trend of motor cognition dual-task performance with age.

Results:

Strong correlation was found between motor cognitive scores and SCD and age. Gait parameters like the mean value of ankle angle, the left-right difference rate of ankle angle and knee angle and the coefficient of variation of gait cycle showed an excellent correlation with age. Motor cognition scores showed a decreasing trend with age. The slope of motor cognition scores with age after 50 years ( k = –1.06) was six times higher than that before 50 years ( k = –0.18).

Conclusions:

Cognitive performance and gait parameters in the walking-cognitive dual-task state are promising objective markers that could characterize age-related cognitive decline.
TDP-43 Is Associated with Subiculum and Cornu Ammonis 1 Hippocampal Subfield Atrophy in Primary Age-Related Tauopathy
Authors: Youssef Hossam , Gatto Rodolfo G. , Pham Nha Trang Thu , Petersen Ronald C. , Machulda Mary M. , Reichard R. Ross , Dickson Dennis W. , Jack Clifford R. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A.
Published: May 2024

Background:

TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) has been shown to be associated with whole hippocampal atrophy in primary age-related tauopathy (PART). It is currently unknown which subregions of the hippocampus are contributing to TDP-43 associated whole hippocampal atrophy in PART.

Objective:

To identify which specific hippocampal subfield regions are contributing to TDP-43-associated whole hippocampal atrophy in PART.

Methods:

A total of 115 autopsied cases from the Mayo Clinic Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Neurodegenerative Research Group, and the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging were analyzed. All cases underwent antemortem brain volumetric MRI, neuropathological assessment of the distribution of Aβ (Thal phase), and neurofibrillary tangle (Braak stage) to diagnose PART, as well as assessment of TDP-43 presence/absence in the amygdala, hippocampus and beyond. Hippocampal subfield segmentation was performed using FreeSurfer version 7.4.1. Statistical analyses using logistic regression were performed to assess for associations between TDP-43 and hippocampal subfield volumes, accounting for potential confounders.

Results:

TDP-43 positive patients ( n = 37, 32%), of which 15/15 were type-α, had significantly smaller whole hippocampal volumes, and smaller volumes of the body and tail of the hippocampus compared to TDP-43 negative patients. Subfield analyses revealed an association between TDP-43 and the molecular layer of hippocampal body and the body of cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), subiculum, and presubiculum regions. There was no association between TDP-43 stage and subfield volumes.

Conclusions:

Whole hippocampal volume loss linked to TDP-43 in PART is mainly due to volume loss occurring in the molecular layer, CA1, subiculum and presubiculum of the hippocampal body.
In-silico Codon Context and Synonymous Usage Analysis of Genes for Molecular Mechanisms Inducing Autophagy and Apoptosis with Reference to Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Khandia Rekha , Gurjar Pankaj , Romashchenko Victoria , Al-Hussain Sami A. , Alexiou Athanasios , Zouganelis George , Zaki Magdi E.A.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Autophagy and apoptosis are cellular processes that maintain cellular homeostasis and remove damaged or aged organelles or aggregated and misfolded proteins. Stress factors initiate the signaling pathways common to autophagy and apoptosis. An imbalance in the autophagy and apoptosis, led by cascade of molecular mechanism prior to both processes culminate into neurodegeneration.

Objective:

In present study, we urge to investigate the codon usage pattern of genes which are common before initiating autophagy and apoptosis.

Methods:

In the present study, we took up eleven genes ( DAPK1, BECN1, PIK3C3 ( VPS34), BCL2, MAPK8, BNIP3  L ( NIX), PMAIP1, BAD, BID, BBC3, MCL1) that are part of molecular signaling mechanism prior to autophagy and apoptosis. We analyzed dinucleotide odds ratio, codon bias, usage, context, and rare codon analysis.

Results:

CpC and GpG dinucleotides were abundant, with the dominance of G/C ending codons as preferred codons. Clustering analysis revealed that MAPK8 had a distinct codon usage pattern compared to other envisaged genes. Both positive and negative contexts were observed, and GAG-GAG followed by CTG-GCC was the most abundant codon pair. Of the six synonymous arginine codons, two codons CGT and CGA were the rarest.

Conclusions:

The information presented in the study may be used to manipulate the process of autophagy and apoptosis and to check the pathophysiology associated with their dysregulation.
Design and shape optimization of interior permanent magnet synchronous machine based on hybrid cores
Authors: Zhang Shiwei , Huang Xiaorui , Liu Rongmei , Liu Chengcheng , Wang Shaopeng , Wang Youhua
Published: May 2024

By designing stator teeth using grain-oriented sheets (GO) and other parts still with non-grain-oriented sheets (NGO), the electromagnetic performance of the interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (GO-IPMSM) can be improved greatly. As the stator core of the designed GO-IPMSM is a hybrid core that is composed of two different silicon sheets, both the electromagnetic and mechanical performances are affected by the stator joint shape between GO and NGO sheets. Meanwhile, with the adoption of GO, the torque ripple of GO-IPMSM is increased though the average torque is increased as well. For reducing the torque ripple, optimizing the rotor barrier shape is an effective way. In this paper, the piecewise linear interpolation method is employed for establishing the stator joint shape between GO and NGO sheets, and the polynomial method is proposed to establish the rotor barrier shape. Through the analysis, it can be seen that the stator joint shape plays a strong role in affecting the mechanical performance of the GO-IPMSM, while the effect on the electromagnetic performance is weak. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the rotor barrier shape for achieving high average torque and low torque ripple. Lastly, a quick and accurate efficiency map calculation method based on the Kriging model is proposed for GO-IPMSM with less finite element method (FEM) samples are required.
An overview of power loss calculation methods for high-frequency litz wires
Authors: Chen Tianyuan , Zhao Zhigang , Ming Lei , Zhang Shi , Ge Yajie , Wang Huai
Published: May 2024

Accurate calculation of power losses has always been important for the design and optimization of magnetic components consisting of windings and magnetic cores, such as inductors and transformers. Focusing on windings, litz wire outperforms its counterparts in terms of eddy current losses, making it particularly suitable for high-frequency (HF) applications. The power loss calculation of litz wire is however challenging due to its complex structure of thin strands twisted in multiple levels. This article therefore aims to review various kinds of litz wire power loss calculation methods from analytical methods, numerical methods to coupling ones. In addition to, the principles and applications of each method, their inherent correlation and differences are also highlighted in this article. On this basis, a comprehensive review and comparison of different calculation methods of litz-wire power loss are provided. Finally, future challenges and directions are then summarized, whose ultimate goal is to calculate the power loss of litz wire accurately and efficiently.
Chlorophyll a fluorescence and phytochemical response in blackberry species (Rubus sp) cultivated in the high tropics
Authors: Moreno-Medina Brigitte Liliana , Casierra-Posada Fánor , García-Parra Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

The evaluation of chlorophyll fluorescence activity is a useful tool for rapid and effective assessments of the effect of abiotic factors on the physiology of different crops. In Rubus, this type of measurements describes tolerance to high temperatures, sensitivity to heat and morphological alterations in flowering and chlorophyll content, as a result of plant stress.

OBJECTIVE:

The present research estimated chlorophyll fluorescence and the presence of some phenolic compounds in the leaves of three cultivars of blackberry ( Rubus sp.) established in the central region of Colombia, under conditions of open air between 2400 and 2800 masl.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

This was done through the measurement of chlorophyll a (Junior-PAM II modulated fluorometer), the quantification of phenolic compounds (Folin Ciocalteu), the determination of antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS) and the study of phenolic profiles (UHPLC) in leaves of three blackberry cultivars.

RESULTS:

Cultivars R. alutaceus (0.66), R. glaucus (0.73) and R. alpinus (0.76), presented values lower than the optimum (0.83), for the parameter F v/ F m. In addition, the direct relationships between the parameters that define the behavior of PSII and the accumulation of different polyphenols were described. Reference was also made to the content of phenolic compounds (ranging from 125 to 150 mg GA g–1 dw), which did not show significant statistical differences. The heat map and principal component analysis show the close relationship between the parameters that characterize the functioning of PSII and the accumulation of phenolic compounds, as a mechanism of adaptation to the adverse conditions of the blackberry cultivars studied.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results reveal that the leaves of the Rubus studied could be a source of functional ingredients for use in the cosmetic, nutraceutical and food industries and epigallocatechin was attributed the greatest responsibility for the antioxidant capacity.
Unsupervised fault detection approach based on depth auto-encoder for photovoltaic power generation system
Authors: Zhang Jun , Chen Zongren , Wu Weimei , Shao Liuyang , Deng Kaihuan , Gao Shixiong
Published: May 2024

Fault detection for photovoltaic power generation system is a challenging problem in condition monitoring and troubleshooting, which aims to maintain the safe operation of equipment and improve the benefit of photovoltaic industry. Aiming at the problems of frequent failures of photovoltaic power generation system, large amount of operating data and difficult to obtain fault samples, we propose an unsupervised fault detection approach for photovoltaic power generation system via bidirectional long/short memory deep auto-encoder which combines the auto-encoder in deep learning with the Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM). Specifically, We first take the statistical feature enhanced as the input of an auto-encoder based on BiLSTM. Then, we build a simulation model of Grid-connected PV system. Finally, we use the operation results under normal conditions to train the fault detection model to obtain the reconstruction error and determine the fault detection threshold, so as to judge the anomalies of the photovoltaic power generation system. We simulate the shadow occlusion fault and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the fault detection accuracy of 0.95 is achieved. Compare with other models, the results show that it could set up better dependence on multi-dimensional data in time sequences, effectively testing solar panel failures and solving insufficient data labels problems.
Financial market trend prediction model based on LSTM neural network algorithm
Authors: Dong Peilin , Wang Xiaoyu , Shi Zhouhao
Published: May 2024

The financial market has randomness, and the prediction of the financial market is an important task in the financial market. In traditional financial market prediction models, the prediction results are often unsatisfactory. So it needs to introduce new models for financial analysis. To solve this problem, this paper analyzed a financial market trend prediction model based on LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) NN (Neural Network) algorithm, and conducted an empirical analysis on the Shanghai stock index dataset. This paper first introduced the LSTM NN algorithm, and then divided it into training set, test set and comparison set according to the data characteristics. At last, this paper used the data preprocessing method to verify the LSTM NN algorithm. The experimental results showed that the LSTM NN algorithm analyzed in this paper can effectively improve the generalization ability of financial market trend prediction models while ensuring the prediction accuracy. Through experimental analysis, this paper found that the average accuracy rate of using LSTM NN algorithm was 2.25% higher than that of using traditional NN algorithm. This research is primarily aimed at developing effective methods for predicting stock market trends in the continuously evolving Chinese securities market. The core objective is to empower investors with precise guidance by enabling them to make well-informed investment decisions. Achieving accurate predictions holds the potential to significantly impact economic operations in a positive way. Therefore, this research direction is of paramount importance, offering substantial value both in academic exploration and practical application.
The impact of artificial intelligence big data technology on the development of media economy information security
Authors: Meng Yan , Jungjin Kim , Hak-Chun Lee , Je Cho Dong , Cheng Peiyun
Published: May 2024

With the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data (BD), they provide people with new ways and tools in information acquisition, processing and dissemination. The purpose of this study is to deeply discuss the influence of AI and BD technologies on the development of Information Security (InfoSec) in media economy, and analyze the opportunities and challenges it brings. Firstly, the evaluation system of the influence of BD technology on the development of InfoSec, a media enterprise, is constructed. Then, this study discusses the development mode of the multilateral platform of media economy supported by BD technology. Finally, taking S company and X platform as examples, this study analyses the influence of BD technology on the development of InfoSec and the development mode of media economy supported by BD technology. The research results show that with the support of BD technology, the proportion of InfoSec products in enterprises has reached 0.2426, and the InfoSec score of S company has reached 77.74, reaching a high level. The profit margin of digital network media is three times that of traditional media. The number of users of multilateral digital media economic platform X has increased by 21%, and its turnover has increased by 54%. AI and BD technologies have brought opportunities and challenges to the InfoSec development of media economy. While applying these technologies, it is necessary to take effective measures to protect users’ privacy and strengthen the information review and verification mechanism to ensure the sustainable development of media economy. The uniqueness of this study lies in the construction of a comprehensive BD technology impact assessment system and the discussion of the development model of multilateral media economic platform, which provides a powerful reference and guidance for media enterprises. In addition, this study also reveals the positive influence of BD technology on InfoSec and the development of media economy, which provides beneficial enlightenment for the future development of media industry. In response to the challenges of privacy and InfoSec, this study puts forward important policy and practical suggestions to ensure the sustainable growth of media economy and the protection of users’ rights and interests. Therefore, this study has important contribution and innovative value in both theory and practice.
Multi-time scale economic regulation model of virtual power plant considering multiple uncertainties of source, load and storag
Authors: Dou Zhenlan , Zhang Chunyan , Duan Chuanxu , Wen Xuan , Sun Chen
Published: May 2024

A novel multi-stage time scale economic dispatch scheme is proposed for virtual power plants, taking into account the uncertainties arising from the connection of distribution network sources. This research introduces specific scheduling schemes tailored to various time scales within distribution networks, including a fuzzy optimized day ahead scheduling scheme, an intra-day scheduling scheme combined with Deep Q Network, and an adaptive optimized real-time scheduling scheme. This plan mainly considers the impact of photovoltaic output and conducts scheduling one day in advance through fuzzy optimization. In the intraday scheduling, different strategies were adopted in the study. By combining with Deep Q Network, research on scheduling for intraday demand within the power system. The analysis is conducted through rigorous modeling. Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes. The day ahead dispatching primarily considers the impact of photovoltaic output and calculates the cost associated with each link in the grid under three different meteorological conditions. In the intra-day scheduling, the total costs for Scenario 1, Scenario 2, and Scenario 3 are found to be 34,724.5 yuan, 36,296.5 yuan, and 33,275.8 yuan, respectively. Notably, strategies 1 and 2 demonstrate lower costs compared to the pre-day scheduling, with the exception of Scenario 3. In real-time scheduling, considering the matching between sources and sources, the matching rate between sources and sources can be maintained at over 95%, and the stability and cost of the power grid have significantly decreased. In summary, by proposing a multi-stage time scale economic scheduling scheme, this study fully considers the uncertainty of the power supply of the distribution network access, as well as the different needs of day, day and real-time scheduling, providing an effective solution for the power dispatching of virtual power plants and providing important technical support for the reliability and economy of the power system.
Enterprise asset management and accounting using the Internet of Things and big data
Authors: Zhu Yansha , Qin Jiansen
Published: May 2024

With the rapid development of information technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data have gradually become the core tools of modern enterprise management and decision-making. This study explores the application and potential value of IoT and big data in the field of enterprise assets and accounting. Through strategic questionnaire design and multi-channel data collection, a corresponding data model is constructed, and the effectiveness of the model is further verified. The results show that these technologies can not only improve the management efficiency of enterprises, but also provide more accurate and timely data support for corporate decision-making. However, in practical applications, enterprises also need to face data integrity, technology updates, and a host of other challenges. This study not only provides enterprises with an opportunity to gain an in-depth understanding of these technologies, but also provides valuable implications for future research and applications.