bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and quantification of fluorinated polymers in consumer products by combustion ion chromatography and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Skedung Lisa , Savvidou Eleni , Schellenberger Steffen , Reimann Anders , Cousins Ian , Benskin Jonathan
Published: September 2023

Total fluorine was determined in 44 consumer product samples from the Swedish market which were either suspected or known to contain fluorinated polymers. Product categories included cookware (70-550 000 ppm F), textiles (10-1600 ppm F), electronics (20-2100 ppm F), and personal care products (10-630 000 ppm F). To confirm that the fluorine was organic in nature, and deduce structure, a qualitative pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (pyr-GC/MS) method was validated using a suite of reference materials. When applied to samples with unknown PFAS content, the method was successful at identifying polytetrafluoroethylene in cookware, dental products, and electronics at concentrations as little as 0.1-0.2 wt%. It was also possible to distinguish between 3 different side-chain fluorinated polymers in textiles. Several products appeared to contain high levels of inorganic fluorine. This is one of the few studies to quantify fluorine in a wide range of consumer plastics and provides important data on the concentration of fluorine in materials which may be intended for recycling, along with insights into the application of pyr-GC/MS for structural elucidation of fluorinated polymers in consumer products.
Flexible and Extensive Platinum Ion Gel Condensers for Programmable Catalysis
Authors: Onn Tzia Ming , Oh Kyung-Ryul , Adrahtas Demetra Z. , Soeherman Jimmy K. , Hopkins Justin A. , Frisbie C. Daniel , Dauenhauer Paul
Published: September 2023

Catalytic condensers comprised of ion gels separating a metal electrode from a platinum-on-carbon active layer were fabricated and characterized to achieve more powerful, high surface area dynamic heterogeneous catalyst surfaces. Ion gels comprised of PVDF/ [EMIM]+[TFSI]- were spin coated as a 3.8 μm film on a Au surface, after which carbon sputtering of a 1.8 nm carbon film and electron-beam evaporation of 2 nm Pt clusters created an active surface exposed to reactant gases. Electronic characterization indicated that most charge condensed within the Pt nanoclusters upon application of a potential bias, with the condenser device achieving a capacitance of ~20 μF/cm^2 at applied frequencies up to 120 Hz. Maximum charge of ~10^14 |e-| cm^(-2) was condensed under stable device conditions at 200 °C on catalytic films with ~10^15 sites cm^(-2). Grazing incidence infrared spectroscopy measured carbon monoxide adsorption isobars indicating a change in CO* binding energy of ~16 kJ/mol over an applied potential bias of only 1.25 V. Condensers were also fabricated on flexible, large area Kapton substrates allowing stacked or tubular form factors that facilitate high volumetric active site densities, ultimately enabling a fast and powerful catalytic condenser that can be fabricated for programmable catalysis applications.
High Accuracy, ab initio Potential Energy Curves and Dipole Moment Functions for the X1Σ+ and a3Π Spin States of the CF+ Diatomic Molecule
Authors: McCarver Gavin , Hinde Robert
Published: September 2023

Potential energy curves and dipole moment functions constructed using high accuracy, ab initio methods allow for an in-depth examination of the electronic structure of diatomic molecules. ab initio methods are invaluable especially for molecules that are difficult to synthesize and examine spectroscopically such as those found in the interstellar medium (ISM) where conditions allow for the longer lifetimes of lower stability molecules. The CF+ diatomic molecule is one such molecule that has been observed spectroscopically in the ISM. Previous experimental and theoretical work have examined different spectroscopic aspects of the CF+ molecule but the development of newer, more complete potential energy curves and dipole moment functions allow for even greater insight. We constructed both potential energy curves and dipole moment functions for the ground X1Σ+ and first excited a3Π states of CF+ for both 12C and 13C isotopologues. The potential energy curves were constructed using coupled cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations (CCSD(T)) at the complete basis set limit with corrections from full triple, quadruple, quintuple, and hextuple excitations within a finite-basis coupled cluster wavefunction as well as corrections from full configuration interaction and relativistic effects. Significant multireference character was identified in the electronic structure of CF+ which prompted the need for such high-level corrections to the PEC. Rovibrational wavefunctions were calculated using a vibrational Hamiltonian matrix which moves beyond the harmonic oscillator approximation. The equilibrium bond length, vibrational constant, and rotational constant were reproduced to within 0.00013 Å, 0.28 cm-1 and 0.00045 cm-1, respectively, of experimental values. Experimental transition energies from rovibrational spectra were reproduced with an error no larger than 0.63 cm-1. The triplet excited state (a3Π) was found to lie 4.808 eV (38774.9 cm-1) higher in energy with a slightly elongated bond length of 1.21069 Å. High accuracy rovibrational line lists for the 12C and 13C isotopologues for both the X1Σ+ and the excited a3Π state were generated.
Photochemical Stability of 5-Methylcytidine Relative to Cytidine: Photophysical Insight for mRNA Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Hoehn Sean J. , Krul Sarah E. , Pogharian Michael M. , Mao Erqian , Crespo-Hernández Carlos
Published: September 2023

5-Methylcytidine (5mCyd) has recently been investigated with renewed interest for utilization in mRNA therapeutics. However, its photostability following exposure to electromagnetic radiation has been overlooked. This Letter compares the photostability and excited state dynamics of 5mCyd with those of the canonical RNA nucleoside, cytidine (Cyd) using steady-state and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy under physiologic conditions. 5mCyd is shown to have a 5-fold higher fluorescence yield and a 5-fold longer 1ππ* excited state decay lifetime. Importantly, however, the excited state population in 5mCyd decays primarily by internal conversion, with a photodegradation rate 3 times smaller than in Cyd. In Cyd, the population of a 1nπ* state with a lifetime of ca. 45 ps is implicated in the formation 6-hydroxycytidine and other photoproducts.
Ultrafast computational screening of molecules with inverted singlet-triplet energy gaps using the Pariser-Parr-Pople semi-empirical quantum chemistry method
Authors: Jorner Kjell , Pollice Robert , Lavigne Cyrille , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: September 2023

Molecules with an inverted energy gap between their first singlet and triplet excited states have promising applications in the next generation of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) materials. Unfortunately, such molecules are rare and only a handful of examples are currently known. High-throughput virtual screening could assist in finding novel classes of these molecules, but current efforts are hampered by the high computational cost of the required quantum-chemical methods. We present a method based on the semi-empirical Pariser-Parr-Pople theory augmented by perturbation theory and show that it reproduces inverted gaps at a fraction of the cost of currently employed excited state calculations.. Our study paves the way for ultra-high-throughput virtual screening and inverse design to accelerate the discovery and development of this new generation of OLED materials.
Geocoding Applications for Social Science to Improve Earthquake Early Warning
Authors: Sumy Danielle
Published: September 2023

Geocoding is a spatial analysis method that uses address information (e.g., street address, intersection, census tract, zip code, etc.) to determine geographical coordinates (latitude and longitude). In recent decades, geocoding has gone beyond its primary use for census and demographic information to novel applications in disaster risk reduction, even to earthquake early warning. Here I demonstrate the usefulness of geocoding techniques to earthquake early warning systems as applied to case studies that relied on survey response data and crowd-sourced video footage. These datasets were initially collected to understand the efficacy of tests conducted on ShakeAlert®, the earthquake early warning system for the West Coast of the United States, and how people behave during earthquakes, respectively. Geocoding these data can improve our overall technical understanding of the system, demonstrate whether individuals take protective actions such as ‘Drop, Cover, and Hold On’, and spotlight community demographics that the system is reaching or unintentionally missing. The combination of these social science datasets with geocoding information deepens our knowledge of these fundamentally human-centered systems, including how to improve the distribution of alerts for people and individuals with access and functional needs. In the future, this work may help verify U.S. Geological Survey ‘Did You Feel It?’ responses and seismic intensity, especially in regions with sparse seismic networks.
La implementación de la Inteligencia Artificial en la enseñanza de la programación. Un estudio sobre el uso ético de ChatGPT en el aula
Authors: Terán Héctor
Published: September 2023

Con la reciente masificación del uso de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA), especialmente ChatGPT, muchas instituciones educativas en representación de sus directivos y profesores han mostrado cierta preocupación en el uso de estas por parte de los estudiantes. Es así como el presente estudio se enfoca en la implementación de ChatGPT, una herramienta de IA, en la enseñanza de la programación en los primeros semestres de Ingeniería de Sistemas y así poder usar la IA en beneficio de la Educación. La IA es una de las tecnologías más prometedoras para mejorar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la programación, se podría explorar la capacidad de los modelos de lenguaje natural para generar código o proporcionar sugerencias de programación o retroalimentación personalizada en tiempo real a los estudiantes y también ayudar a los profesores. Sin embargo, también es importante considerar los aspectos éticos de la implementación de la IA en la educación. Para este estudio, se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de estudios relacionados con la implementación de la IA en la educación y el uso de ChatGPT y luego de la implementación se midió el desempeño académico y motivación de los estudiantes por medio de sus notas y una encuesta para obtener información sobre su experiencia de aprendizaje con ChatGPT. Los resultados del estudio muestran que la implementación de ChatGPT en la enseñanza de la programación puede mejorar significativamente el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Los estudiantes informaron una mayor comprensión de los conceptos de programación y una mayor confianza en su capacidad para programar lo que se tradujo en una mejor motivación hacia la programación. En conclusión, la implementación de la IA en la enseñanza de la programación es un campo en constante evolución que puede ser de gran ayuda para mejorar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes y donde los profesores deberán hacer un enfoque adecuado en la ética para reforzar la honestidad académica y evitar el plagio. Al ser un tema emergente se necesitan más estudios para comprender el potencial de la IA en la enseñanza de la programación.
Gamificación en la enseñanza de Lean Project Management en ingeniería civil
Authors: Gómez Cabrera Adriana , Sánchez Rivera Ómar Giovanny
Published: September 2023

Los proyectos de construcción a nivel global y a lo largo de la historia se ven enfrentados a la necesidad de aumentar su productividad. Una necesidad que surge a partir de los requerimientos de tiempo, costo y calidad que son definidos en las etapas tempranas de los proyectos. Lean Project Management agrupa los principios de las filosofías Lean Construction y Lean Thinking, permitiendo analizar la cadena de valor de los proyectos de construcción mediante la disminución de las pérdidas y reprocesos. Por lo tanto, existe la necesidad de integrar los principios y herramientas Lean a los proyectos de construcción para lograr una eficiente gestión de pérdidas. Sin embargo, la enseñanza de sistemas de producción y herramientas Lean es un reto para los educadores del área de la construcción, el cual se surge de la dificultad de simular en el aula los escenarios a los que se enfrentarán los profesionales de la industria. Así, se requiere que el desarrollo de los cursos de gestión de proyectos en ingeniería civil sea complementado con clases teóricas y prácticas que aborden diferentes actividades de gamificación y aprendizaje activo. El presente trabajo muestra los resultados de medir la eficacia de realizar diferentes juegos en el aula para formar a los estudiantes en Lean Project Management. El objetivo es el trabajo colaborativo para retroalimentar el aprendizaje, teniendo en cuenta que en la literatura la implementación de juegos pedagógicos ha tenido un alto potencial para mejorar los procesos de educación en la construcción, desarrollando ejercicios de aprendizaje activo que simulen las prácticas y vivencias del sector. Este trabajo incluye los resultados de diferentes juegos a nivel de pregrado y posgrado en el Departamento de Ingeniería Civil de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, incluyendo un juego de aviones de papel para apoyar la enseñanza de sistemas de producción; “Parade of Trades” en el cual se simula un proceso de construcción y “The Ball Game” en el cual se analiza la eliminación de pérdidas y el mejoramiento continuo, entre otros. Los resultados muestran que la enseñanza de los conceptos de Lean Project Management a través de actividades de gamificación mostró un impacto positivo en la adquisición de conocimientos, lo cual se evidencia a través de encuestas pre-juego y post-juego. Asimismo, los estudiantes manifestaron una alta aceptación hacia esta metodología de enseñanza y aprecian el aprendizaje activo, los comentarios de los estudiantes recogidos en la encuesta posterior al juego fueron positivos. Asimismo, los profesores muestran una percepción positiva del aprendizaje a través del desarrollo de estrategias sencillas de enseñanza activa y manifiestan la necesidad de ampliar la oferta y profundidad de la formación en este aspecto. Finalmente, se plantean estrategias para seguir propagando el aprendizaje activo en el aula, mejorando la experiencia de aprendizaje tanto para el profesorado como para los estudiantes.
Un panorama del emprendimiento como opción de práctica profesional de final de carrera en las principales facultades de ingeniería del Colombia
Authors: Ramírez Moreno Lineth Gisela , Morales Gualdrón Silvia Teresa , Alzate Montoya Orfi Nelly , Pantoja Quiscualtud Alexandra Carolina
Published: September 2023

El emprendimiento impulsa el crecimiento económico y social de un país, promueve la competitividad, la productividad y la creación de nuevos empleos. El Gobierno colombiano ha priorizado el emprendimiento en sus diferentes planes de desarrollo y ha materializado sus esfuerzos en la Ley 2069 de 2020, la cual apoya el surgimiento, crecimiento, consolidación y sostenibilidad de las empresas, con el fin de aumentar el bienestar social y generar equidad en Colombia. Uno de los cinco ejes en los que se fundamenta esta Ley, se enfoca en mejorar las habilidades de los emprendedores a partir de la educación en emprendimiento, debido a que dentro de las debilidades para la implementación de una cultura emprendedora se encuentra precisamente el bajo desarrollo de las habilidades blandas y duras y los conocimientos específicos para emprender. Si bien la Ley 2069 de 2020 permite el desarrollo de proyectos de emprendimiento e innovación como requisito para obtener el título profesional, no se tiene claro si en las instituciones de educación superior y particularmente en las facultades de ingeniería del país, tienen esta opción dentro de su currículo. Por tal motivo, en este estudio se hace una revisión preliminar de la existencia de este tipo de trabajo de grado para obtener el título profesional, entendiendo la práctica en emprendimiento como un espacio orientado hacia la creación y consolidación de un proyecto empresarial del estudiante. A través de un estudio descriptivo, se analiza el caso de las principales facultades de ingeniería del país. Los resultados evidencian que el 65% de las instituciones revisadas cuentan con la opción de empresarismo o emprendimiento como práctica de final de carrera para optar por el título de ingeniería. También queda en evidencia el apoyo de los programas o centros de emprendimiento propios de las instituciones, en el 77% de los casos donde existe este tipo de práctica. Igualmente, se muestran diferentes esquemas de apoyo y requisitos exigidos en los casos analizados.
Aprendizaje inmersivo de procedimientos seguros mediante realidad extendida. Taller de maderas-EDI
Authors: Bautista Rojas Luis Eduardo , Plata Carmen , Guerrero José
Published: September 2023

Los Entornos Inmersivos de Aprendizaje con Realidad Extendida (XR) han transformado la educación, mejorando el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje en áreas como la seguridad industrial. Un caso de estudio en la Escuela de Diseño Industrial - UIS aborda la enseñanza de seguridad industrial en talleres de maderas. El proyecto diseñó un entorno de entrenamiento seguro para el uso de la sierra de banco, con propósitos de aprendizaje y reducción de riesgo para los estudiantes durante sus prácticas. Para el desarrollo del entorno, se efectuó un análisis cognitivo de tareas (CTA) y se aplicó un modelo instruccional de cuatro componentes (4C/ID) con escenarios que conectan el diseño de tareas con principios de diseño multimedia. Se realizó una prueba experimental con cuarenta y tres participantes. Los resultados mostraron incremento en la retención y transferencia de aprendizaje, así como un incremento en el desempeño de los participantes.
¡¡¡Ahora sí tocó poner atención porque hay que evaluar!!!
Authors: Castillo Landínez Sandra , Caicedo Rodríguez Pablo Eduardo
Published: September 2023

En los procesos de evaluación en el aula, es fundamental la participación de todos los actores que intervienen en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, por esta razón los docentes implementan diversas estrategias con el fin de hacer una medición objetiva del desempeño de sus estudiantes. Existen diferentes metodologías, técnicas e instrumentos de evaluación, cualquiera que se use debe registrar la utilidad de los conocimientos o habilidades adquiridos y enfatizar la conciencia que crea el educando acerca de su desempeño. Introducir modelos como la autoevaluación, coevaluación y heteroevaluación implican mayor participación y compromiso, ya que los estudiantes asumen dos roles: ser evaluados por su trabajo y ser evaluadores de sus pares. Este trabajo propone el uso de la coevaluación como una actividad generadora de capacidades transversales tales como disciplina, responsabilidad y empatía. La propuesta fue aplicada a un curso de fase de profundización del programa de Ingeniería de Software y Computación en la Corporación Universitaria Autónoma del Cauca. Para conocer los sentimientos que generó en los estudiantes este nuevo proceso, se aplicaron dos instrumentos: uno para indagar las condiciones iniciales de los estudiantes y el segundo enfocado en los resultados alcanzados. Como conclusión, los estudiantes lograron obtener un mejor panorama de las actividades académicas que realizan los docentes y el trasfondo de los procesos evaluativos. Sin embargo, la muestra es pequeña y homogénea y constituye un punto de partida para futuros proyectos.
Clase invertida (flipped classroom): transformando la práctica de la enseñanza para el mejoramiento del aprendizaje en la ingeniería
Authors: Ruge Ruge Ilber Adonayt , Jiménez López Fabián Rolando , Ortiz Álvare Ingrid Carolina
Published: September 2023

El aprendizaje invertido (flipp learning FL) es un enfoque pedagógico que permite aprovechar mejor el tiempo en clase. Generalmente, los profesores desarrollan contenidos dentro de clase, en un horario específico y luego dejan ciertos ejercicios o los dejan a los estudiantes para que los hagan en casa (recepción pasiva de contenidos). El enfoque FL propone presentar los contenidos antes de la clase, y en el aula desarrollar diversas actividades que promuevan el aprendizaje activo (profundizando, reflexionando, aplicando y discutiendo lo visto anteriormente). El aprendizaje activo busca que los estudiantes se involucren activamente en su aprendizaje, tomando mayor responsabilidad: Que no solo escuchen, hablen y hagan, sino que discutan, opinen, reflexionen y resuelvan problemas. Los pedagogos modernos piensan que “si enseñamos a los estudiantes de hoy, del mismo modo como enseñábamos a los de ayer, les robamos el mañana”. La clase invertida (flipped classroom) es, entonces, una metodología diferente a la hora de realizar tareas, y la oportunidad para integrar las nuevas tecnologías en las metodologías de enseñanza como un complemento a las estrategias que ya se emplean. El presente artículo expone experiencias, resultados, aciertos y desaciertos de la aplicación de la metodología de clase invertida en los cursos del área de electrónica digital de la Escuela de Ingeniería Electrónica Extensión Tunja de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. Los momentos y actividades de la metodología se organizaron así: Planificar, Crear, Proponer, Difundir, Aplicar y Evaluar. Una iniciativa cuyo objetivo es fomentar el aprendizaje en los estudiantes a partir del cambio de una cultura de aprendizaje centrada en el docente a una orientada al estudiante, involucrando ambientes flexibles y contenidos intencionales.
Caracterización de aguas subterráneas caso de estudio Institución Educativa Rural Vereda El Paraíso en el municipio de Flandes Tolima
Authors: Garay Yepes Paula Lorena , Ospitia Prada Jesús Flaminio , Penagos Cruz Genaro
Published: September 2023

La ciudad de Flandes cuenta con un rico recurso hídrico, el río Magdalena. Este gran río Colombia nace en la provincia del Huila, desemboca en el Mar Caribe y es navegable desde Honda hasta su desembocadura. Su principal afluente es el río Cauca. Su cuenca ocupa el 24% del territorio continental del país, y el río Magdalena atraviesa 20 de las 32 provincias de Colombia, entre ellas el Valle del Cauca, Quindío, Risaralda, Caldas y Cundinamarca, Tolima, Antioquia, Córdoba, Sucre, Bolívar. Flandes se abastece del Magdalena en una captación de agua cruda. Cuenta con dos estaciones de bombeo, cada una de ellas dotada de dos motobombas y con un caudal afluente de 122.63 litros por segundo. La planta de Tratamiento de Agua Potable es una planta convencional y está ubicada a un kilómetro y medio del parque Santander en el municipio de Flandes y cuenta con una capacidad de diseño de 145 litros por segundos. El agua es tratada por medio de procesos de coagulación, floculación y sedimentación en dos trenes de tratamiento compuestos por dos tanques floculadores-sedimentadores tipo manto de lodos, de flujo vertical por pulsos, en un proceso completamente automático y eficiente que no requiere sistemas de bombeo. Se transporta el agua mediante bombeo y las estructuras de las redes son en PVC. La red de aducción es en hierro dúctil.
Interdisciplinary Studies of the Female Burial from Vsekhsvyatskii Necropolis in Krasnoyarsk (19th Century)
Authors:   V. F. Voino-Yasenetskii Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Savenkova T. M. , Reis E. S. ,   ANO "Archaeological Research of Siberia", Averchenko I. V. ,   V. F. Voino-Yasenetskii Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Pyatkin A. N. ,   General Directorate of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia of Krasnoyarsk Region, Grevtsov Yu. A. ,   Ltd “Krasnoyarsk Archaeology of new buildings”
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results of an interdisciplinary study of the burial from Vsekhsvyatskii Orthodox necropolis (Krasnoyarsk, 18th–19th centuries). The excavations of the necropolis were carried out by Yu. A. Grevtsov in 2021.The buried individual had a pathological curvature of the spine in the sagittal plane, more than 90 degrees. The purpose of this work is to study the burial using the methods of archaeology, anthropology, forensic medicine, and forensic science. Observations during the archaeological work allowed the author of the excavations to attribute the burial to the 20–30s of the 19th century. The skeletal remains from the burial belonged to a woman whose age at the time of death was 20–25 years. According to morphological features, the woman's skull belongs to a large Caucasoid race with slight signs of miscegenation. Facial reconstruction of the woman was made on the basis of a multi-angle images of the cerebral and facial parts of the skull. In accordance with the recommendations of forensic identification of a person on the basis of appearance, her verbal portrait was compiled. Osteometric studies showed that the longitudinal dimensions of the long tubular bones were large. The bones of the postcranial skeleton of the examined woman were gracile. As a result of the forensic medical examination and X-ray examination of the skeleton, a late stage of spondylitis was discovered, which is confirmed by the age characteristic of this disease. The woman suffered tuberculosis in childhood, as a result was formed a hump. A significant absence of narrowing of the spinal canal throughout the deformed area of the spine indicates incomplete formation of the Pott triad. The development of the bones of the upper and lower extremities indicates the absence of limb paralysis of this woman. Sufficiently developed areas of muscle attachment sites on long tubular bones allow us to speak of active physical activity. Compensatory changes in the cervical spine and the structure of the chest allowed this individual to keep his head relatively straight. The woman died at a young age. The cause of death could be both tuberculosis damage to other organs, and disruption of the cardiovascular or other systems associated with chest deformity.
Cultural Trends and their Features in the Materials of Stratified Assemblages of the Lower Reaches of Selenga River (Ithantsa Depression, Southeastern Baikal Region)
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Simukhin A. I. , Lbova L. V. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University,   Novosibirsk State University
Published: September 2023

The proposed publication presents materials of multilayered geoarchaeological sites of the Southeastern Baikal Region, which have their own specifics of formation. Cultural horizons are included in deposits of subaerial genesis, which mainly form the surfaces of river terraces on the right bank of the main water artery of the region, the Selenga River in its lower reaches. Preliminary cultural and chronological definitions, based on the results of a typological analysis of archaeological collections, demonstrate the dynamics of the development of cultural phenomena from the Final Pleistocene to the Holocene. The main trend, characteristic of almost all the studied sites, demonstrates the “delay” of cultural innovations noted in the archaeological cultures of the eastern coast of Lake Baikal and Western Transbaikalia. As a result of a study of a series of sites in the Itantsa depression (lower reaches of the Selenga River) in the early 2000s, we revealed the stability of the morphological and technical and technological appearance of stone tools in the Final Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic. We also noted the uniformity of the typology of the tool set made of stone and bone, and the stability of the exploitation of a single raw material base (raw materials are of the same type in terms of isotropic characteristics). These characteristics indicate a strong tradition of stone processing for more than 10 thousand years. The situation changes about 3–4 thousand years ago (the beginning of the Paleometal era), which is expressed in the expansion of the raw material base of stone raw materials, although stone processing technologies remain in the same technical traditions. Traditions of ceramic production are represented by fragments of vessels with imprints of woven net and cord, found both in the Neolithic assemblages and in the materials of the cultural horizons of the Early Bronze Age. The obtained materials can serve as initial data for the reconstruction of the development of cultural phenomena against the background of changes in the paleoclimatic situation in the Baikal region as a whole. It should also be concluded that human stay in the southeastern Baikal region is associated with climatic fluctuations towards relatively warm conditions, while the humidity indicator did not play a big role.
Virtual assets of the distributed register
Authors: Danіch V. , Lutsenko R.
Published: September 2023

This publication focuses on the definition of “virtual assets of a distributed registry” as an economic category. Analysis of the term showed a lack of unity in the definition. The opportunities provided by the deployment of virtual assets in a distributed registry are new but potentially effective. Virtual assets can be distributed or unallocated registry assets, secured or unsecured. Among the virtual assets of the distributed ledger: tokenized assets and cryptocurrencies. Accordingly, these are types of virtual assets that exist exclusively in the form of a record with an information identifier. But in the case of a tokenized asset, this information is derived from the original asset. And in the case of a crypto asset, this information is not derived from the primary asset. The stakeholders of the virtual assets market are individuals, miners, mining pools, which carry out the storage, exchange, transfer, provision of intermediary services. Disadvantages of the introduction of virtual assets of the distributed register are the possibility of anonymous transfers, complicated process of identification of stakeholders in the virtual assets market, the possibility of financial speculation, money laundering, difficulties with taxation. The advantages include relatively low transaction fees, their irreversibility and rapid validation. Any changes to the data in the chain of blocks are possible only when stakeholders confirm the legitimacy of transactions in accordance with general rules and protocols. This technology prevents data loss because all network members keep an up-to-date, up-to-date copy in encrypted form. The use of blockchain eliminates the possibility of making changes to the data, so the database is considered relevant at the time of access. Data is stored on different servers, data cannot be processed with expired dates, changes are made in real time and it is impossible to forge them. It is noted that the introduction of virtual assets of the distributed register in order to stimulate economic growth requires a joint effort of the science sector, education sector, IT sector, financial sector, the sector of state regulators. The possibilities of distribution register technologies are constantly growing and opening new perspectives.
Conceptual basis of activation of innovative activities of enterprises
Authors: Shandova N. , Tarasiuk A.
Published: September 2023

The study is devoted to the problem of intensification of innovative activities of enterprises to solve the problems of liquidation of the consequences of the armed invasion of Russia and the post-war recovery of the domestic economy. The article analyzes the measures for successful innovation activity, formation of the relevant infrastructure, and state support. These measures, despite their number, are ineffective, as evidenced by the declining indicators of innovation activity of domestic industrial enterprises and the decrease in the number of employees involved in research and development. The reasons for the low innovation activity of domestic enterprises are analyzed, and it is concluded that the problems of innovative development of domestic enterprises depend on the ability to carry out innovative activities. It is proposed to solve the problems of innovative development of domestic enterprises by creating tools for managing innovation activities. These tools are able to provide conditions for: intensification of activities, orientation to the needs of consumers of innovative products, creation of opportunities for interconnection of participants in innovation activities, attraction of necessary financing. The author proposes a mechanism for ensuring the development of innovation activity based on elements of systemic, process and functional approaches, which allows choosing methodological tools, forming and technologically solving functional tasks. It is recommended to improve innovation activities by: forming organizational guidelines, which will allow to coordinate and regulate the ways of interaction between subjects and objects of management; coordinating external and internal development factors, which will allow to form the conditions for intensifying innovation activities; implementing management technologies, which will allow to carry out systematic and purposeful management of the development of innovation activities of an enterprise. The introduction of the proposed mechanism will facilitate the interaction of the state, science and industry within the framework of the exchange of knowledge and results of innovative activity, providing a basis for the formation of an innovative economy by activating the innovative activity of an individual enterprise.
Displaced higher education institutions: new challenges and prospects
Authors: Bezzubko B. , Ponomarova A.
Published: September 2023

The aim of the article is to elaborate directions for the development of displaced higher education institutions (HEIs) based on the study of the impact of hostilities. The study analyses the main consequences of hostilities for higher education in Ukraine. The study reveals: large-scale displacement of higher education institutions as a result of hostilities; significant destruction and damage to the material and technical base of higher education institutions; reduction of the staff of teachers and employees of higher education institutions and the contingent of applicants/students; deterioration of the psycho-emotional state of participants in the educational process. During the period (2014-2022), there were some negative changes in a number of displaced HEIs, which were not always able to restore their human resources, production facilities and libraries. The number of teachers, applicants and students in these higher education institutions has sharply decreased. Many of the displaced universities have significantly deteriorated their positions in Ukrainian university rankings. The war has complicated access to education, deepened educational inequality, and negatively affected the quality of the educational process and students' academic performance compared to existing standards. A comparison of the displacement of Ukrainian higher education institutions as a result of hostilities in 2014-2015 and in 2022 revealed a difference in the scale of displacement, the directions of national and international assistance to higher education institutions, and the model of displacement. It is established that in the process of relocation of higher education institutions, a special role was played by changes in the regulatory mechanism of higher education management through the adoption of new and improvement of existing regulations. The author describes the regulatory documents adopted by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine in connection with the introduction of martial law: those aimed at minimising losses from Russian aggression; those on relocation of higher education institutions and their separate structural subdivisions; and orders amending existing documents. For further development, the displaced higher education institutions should choose development directions. The choice of direction and strategy should take into account the type of resources used (budgetary resources; international technical assistance, a combination of budgetary and international resources); existing opportunities and threats. It is proposed to implement: the choice of the direction of further development of displaced HEIs depending on the type of resources used; digitalization of management and educational processes. Changes in the state of higher education necessitate the development of strategies for the further functioning of displaced higher education institutions, as well as the adjustment of the existing Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in Ukraine for 2022-2032.
The influence of Ukraine on the dynamics of consumer goods prices in the world
Authors: Nikiforova A.
Published: September 2023

The war in Ukraine in 2022 significantly shook not only the Ukrainian economy, but also left a negative impression on the whole world. An increase in the level of hunger, a jump in prices, the introduction of restrictions on supplies, a change in approaches to foreign economic activity – similar headlines can be found more and more often, which indicates an increased interest and the need to analyze the impact of Ukraine on the dynamics of consumer goods prices in the world. Moreover, this war is the largest full-scale war in Europe since the Second World War. The work analyzed Ukraine's position on consumer goods markets, divided into 3 periods, for each of which the structure of export and import, their dynamics, and key features of Ukraine's foreign economic activity at that time were characterized. To visualize data on the dynamics of prices for consumer goods in the world, the Global Food Prices Database dataset was processed, followed by the creation of consolidated tables and construction of histograms with grouping, which revealed the main trends in price changes for the main categories of products. A dataset of 105 countries was also created and processed, with their distribution into the main world regions: Asia-Pacific and Central Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and North Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Europe and North America. Self-organizing maps and clustering models made it possible to identify 5 clusters, each of which corresponds to a set of countries with similar characteristics regarding the impact of the war in Ukraine on these countries. Four quantitative variables were used for clustering: average salary, GDP per capita, price index, % of imports from Ukraine.
Adoption of smart urban farming to enhance social and economic well-being of
elderly: a qualitative content analysis
Authors: Khan N. , Lau T.C. , Tan B.C.
Published: September 2023

Urban farming has progressively gained attention as it promotes innovation and
contributes to the modernisation of the agricultural sector. The inclusion of smart
technologies helps to accomplish greater efficiency and sustainability in urban farming.
Nevertheless, the knowledge of the relationship between population ageing and urban
change and the demand to adopt urban farming with the inclusion of technologies from the
perspectives of the elderly is still under-explored. This study aimed to investigate the role
of social entrepreneurship and the adoption factors in accepting smart urban farming that
led to the social and economic well-being of the elderly. The study uses the framework
method, which is an excellent tool for qualitative content analysis. An interview was
conducted to gather feedback from the elderly through the purposive sampling technique.
This study employed the diffusion of innovation theory and the theory of planned
behaviour to investigate the adoption behaviour of smart urban farming among the elderly.
According to the findings, having a positive attitude and a positive social influence on
urban farming help to increase the adoption of smart urban farming. It is also discovered
that using technology in farming could help them survive in farming. Most importantly,
the findings revealed that effective social entrepreneurship involvement provided them
with information and technical advice that influenced smart urban farming adoption.
Consequently, the adoption of smart urban farming enhances the elderly well-being. The
ease of use of farming technology is the most important factor in the adoption of smart
urban farming. Furthermore, the adoption of smart urban farming is influenced by both
attitude and subjective norms. Social entrepreneurs could play a role in enhancing elderly
knowledge and understanding of smart urban farming.
Performance evaluation of a lowland cabbage harvester prototype
Authors: Mohd Shahmihaizan M.J. , Mohd Nadzim N. , Hafidha A. , M. Mohd Fazly
Published: September 2023

In Malaysia, round cabbage was planted in an area of 3,424 ha and 80,641 MT was
produced in 2020. The shortage of workers is a major issue in large-scale cabbage
cultivation. The most tedious and costly part was during the harvesting period since more
workers were required. This article explained a modification and performance evaluation
of a lowland cabbage harvester prototype. The prototype was designed and developed by
MARDI in 2020. However, a few modifications were required to enhance the performance
and efficiency of the developed prototype. A mechanism, which was called the reel
system, was designed to ensure increased harvesting efficiency. The reel functioned as a
puller mechanism to make sure the harvested cabbage was pulled smoothly to the
conveyor system. The reel system also prevented the harvested cabbage from becoming
stuck in the two cutting blades. It was driven by a 12V electric motor with 200W of power
and connected to a gearbox, chain, and sprocket to increase the torque delivery. An
evaluation performance test was carried out and the results showed that the effective field
capacity was 0.065 ha/hr, with an average speed of 0.54 km/hr and 60.2% machine field
efficiency. Only 14.4 man-hr/ha was required for the cabbage harvester while manual
harvesting required 28.9 man-hr/ha. This represents a labour saving of about 50% when
using the cabbage harvester.
The potential of Pseudomonas fluorescens as biological control agent against
sheath blight disease in rice: a systematic review
Authors: S. Nur Mawaddah , A.W. Mohd Zafri , Sapak Z.
Published: September 2023

Rice is a staple food source for more than 3.5 billion people. However, rice production can
be hampered by several factors and disease is one of them. Sheath blight disease caused
by Rhizoctonia solani is a serious disease that can cause huge losses. Several control
methods have been practised by rice growers to manage the disease; however, chemical
fungicides remain a main preference. Unfortunately, heavy reliance on chemical
fungicides could lead to many other problems including resistant development,
environmental pollution, and harmful to non-target organisms and humans. Managing rice
disease through biological control is considered an alternative approach. Exploration of
Pseudomonas fluorescens as a biocontrol agent against rice disease pathogens is an
explicit example of biological approach. The potential of this bacterium has been
highlighted by many researchers. This review provides insight into the potential of P.
fluorescens against R. solani in rice. Three databases were used to collect reliable articles
with four keywords. The Preferred Reporting Items for the Systematic Reviews approach
were used to systematically screen the research articles and evaluate eligibility and
exclusion. A total of 5930 articles were found but only 22 articles were selected after
eliminating the duplicate articles and further eligibility was screened based on title and
abstract. The highest number of published articles on P. fluorescens as a bioagent to
control sheath blight was from India. The agent was used either alone or in combination
with seed, root, soil, and foliar treatments to control sheath blight. Most of the research
findings showed the agent successfully reduced the disease severity, promoted plant
growth and increased rice yield. However, there are obstacles to commercial P.
fluorescens-based products due to the instability of the agent at different soil types. More
intensive research works are needed to enhance the efficacy of the agent in the real
environmental setting
Application interval and concentration effect of gamma degraded chitosan on
mulberry plant
Authors: Mahmud M. , Talip N. , Yacob N. , S. Idris
Published: September 2023

Gamma radiation is one of the established tools to induce chain-scission of chitosan for
low molecular weight chitosan preparation. The introduction of various radiation doses to
chitosan powder produces degraded chitosan with various molecular ranges. They indicate
different physicochemical and biological properties which are very important in product
development. This study aimed to produce low molecular weight chitosan with an average
molecular weight below 20 000 Da by exposing chitosan powder to gamma radiation at
doses of 25, 50, 75 and 100 kGy. Then, to observe its growth-promoting activity on
mulberry plants. The gamma-degraded chitosan was characterized by size exclusion
chromatography-multi-angles laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS) and Fourier-Transform
infrared (FTIR) to determine its weight-average molecular weight and molecular
composition changes, respectively. After that, the gamma-degraded chitosan powder was
dissolved in an acidic solution before spraying into mulberry. In the field, the mulberry
plants were treated with 40, 80 and 100 ppm of degraded chitosan by foliar application.
Each treatment consisted of 5 replicates of 2- 3 months-old mulberry plants which were
randomly picked from the nursery. The control plants were treated with commercial
growth promoter at concentration of 100 ppm which was applied weekly according to the
farmer's practice. The study was carried out for 4.5 months at 2 different application
intervals which were every two- and four-weeks’ time. The mulberry plants treated with
80 ppm and 100 ppm degraded chitosan every two- and four-weeks showed better results
on an average number of leaves and fruit, respectively compared to control.
The effect of paddy husk biochar towards zinc availability in contaminated soil
Authors: A.R. Nur Firdaus , H. Nurul Wahida , A.R. Nurfatin Soleha
Published: September 2023

Soils polluted with heavy metals have become common across the plantation sector. There
is a reduction in plant growth as well as the yield of the plants that have been planted on
heavy metal-contaminated soil. Uses of fertilizers and other soil amendments also add
small amounts of heavy metals to the soil, which can develop over time with repeated
applications. This study was conducted to identify the appropriate rate of paddy husk
biochar applied to soil in order to reduce the presence of heavy metals. The main focus
was to determine the availability of heavy metals in soil such as zinc. Next, is to know the
best possible measure of biochar towards the contaminated soil to decrease the metal
availability. The treatment of this experiment is different rates of biochar which are 0 g,
15 g, 20 g, 30 g and 40 g. This research measured the available Zn in the soil before and
after applying PHB, which takes 3 weeks to let them interact. The biochar significantly
influenced the Zn availability in soil. This study has shown that the application of PHB to
soil has the potential to reduce the availability of Zn.