bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of prior emergency departments visits associated with subsequent opioid overdose
Authors: Youssef, MD, MBA Elias , Gao, MD Han Tony , Russell, MD Conor , Hassan, MD Shorok , Ardolic, MD Brahim , Hahn, MD Barry
Published: October 2018

Objectives: In this study, we aim to identify and discuss the clinical and demographic characteristics of previous emergency department (ED) patient visits, at one of the only two medical centers in Staten Island, the epicenter of the opioid epidemic within Staten Island, who subsequently present to the ED with an opioid overdose. Design: This was a retrospective, observational study of all patients presenting to the emergency ED between July 1, 2010 and December 31, 2015.Setting: The study was conducted at Staten Island University Hospital. The ED has a census of 120,000 patient visits per year.Patients: All adult patients ≥ 18 years of age, with an ICD-9 code consistent with opioid intoxication and a history of intentional or unintentional overdose were included.Main outcome measure: Clinical and demographic characteristics of previous ED patient visits who subsequently presented to the ED with an opioid overdose.Results: One hundred and twenty-four subjects with a median age of 30 years [interquartile range, 24-40] were reviewed. Eighty-seven (70 percent) were males. Fifty-five subjects were admitted, 68 discharged, and one death. Patients were not more likely to present at any specific time of day. The most common past medical history was anxiety (21 percent), depression (20 percent), back pain (15 percent), hypertension (14 percent), and seizure disorder (11 percent). The most common past surgical history was a prior orthopedic procedure (11 percent).Conclusions: This study identified clinical and demographic characteristics of previous ED patient visits who subsequently present to the ED with an opioid overdose. These characteristics will be vital toward an increased understanding of subjects who subsequently experience an opioid overdose.
Dextropropoxyphene effects on QTc-interval prolongation: Frequency and characteristics in relation to plasma levels
Authors: Keller, MD, PhD Guillermo Alberto , Villa Etchegoyen, MD Cecilia , Fernandez, PharmD, PhD Nicolás , Olivera, PharmD, PhD Nancy Mónica , Quiroga, PharmD, PhD Patricia Noemí , Diez, PhD Roberto Alejandro , Di Girolamo, MD, PhD Guillermo
Published: October 2018

Objective: To evaluate frequency and risk factors for dextropropoxyphene-induced QT-interval prolongation in the clinical setting.Design: Prospective, noninterventional, observational, longitudinal cohort approach. Electrocardiograms were blindly evaluated by independent professionals.Setting: General ward of a public hospital of metropolitan Buenos Aires.Patients, Participants: Ninety-two patients with indication of receiving dextropropoxyphene for analgesic purposes were included consecutively. All patients finished the study.Interventions: All patients were monitored with electrocardiographic controls (previous to drug administration and during steady state) to diagnose and quantify changes in the duration of the QTc interval.Main Outcome Measure: Frequency of drug-induced QTc interval prolongation, QTc interval correlation with plasma drug, and metabolite levels.Results: Ninety-two patients were studied (50 percent males). All patients received a (mean ± SD [range]) dextropropoxyphene dose of 125 ± 25[100-150] mg/d. Dextropropoxyphene and norpropoxyphene concentrations were 112 ± 38[45-199] and 65 ± 33[13-129] ng/mL, respectively. The intra-treatment QTc interval was >450 ms in only one patient (only with the Hodge correction). There were no cases of QTc > 500 ms, and there were no significant differences in the results considering different correction formulas (Bazzet, Fridericia, Framingham, Hodges). Dextropropoxyphene concentrations correlated with QTc (R > 0.45) interval and ΔQTc (R 0.52-0.87), whereas norpropoxyphene correlation was even greater for QTc (R > 0.40-0.64) and ΔQTc (R > 0.47-0.92). Depending on the QTc correction formula, eight patients presented ΔQTc > 30 ms and one patient with ΔQTc > 60 ms. No patient presented arrhythmia during the study.Conclusions: The authors did not observe a relationship between dextropropoxyphene and QTc interval prolongation at the therapeutic doses used in Argentina.
Volume 14, Number 5
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: October 2018

-
Mechanisms of northern North Atlantic biomass variability
Authors: McKinley Galen A. , Ritzer Alexis L. , Lovenduski Nicole S.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. In the North Atlantic Ocean north of 40∘ N, intense
biological productivity occurs to form the base of a highly productive
marine food web. SeaWiFS satellite observations indicate trends of biomass
in this region over 1998–2007. Significant biomass increases occur in the
northwest subpolar gyre and there are simultaneous significant declines to
the east of 30–35∘ W. These short-term changes, attributable to
internal variability, offer an opportunity to explore the mechanisms of the
coupled physical–biogeochemical system. We use a regional biogeochemical
model that captures the observed changes for this exploration. Biomass
increases in the northwest are due to a weakening of the subpolar gyre and
associated shoaling of mixed layers that relieves light limitation. Biomass
declines to the east of 30–35∘ W are due to reduced horizontal
convergence of phosphate. This reduced convergence is attributable to
declines in vertical phosphate supply in the regions of deepest winter
mixing that lie to the west of 30–35∘ W. Over the full time frame of the
model experiment, 1949–2009, variability of both horizontal and vertical
phosphate supply drive variability in biomass on the northeastern flank of
the subtropical gyre. In the northeast subpolar gyre horizontal fluxes drive
biomass variability for both time frames. Though physically driven changes in
nutrient supply or light availability are the ultimate drivers of biomass
changes, clear mechanistic links between biomass and standard physical
variables or climate indices remain largely elusive.
The ISC-GEM Earthquake Catalogue (1904–2014): status after the Extension Project
Authors: Di Giacomo Domenico , Engdahl E. Robert , Storchak Dmitry A.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We outline the work done to extend and
improve the ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue, a dataset which
was first released in 2013 (Storchak et al., 2013, 2015). In its first
version (V1) the catalogue included global earthquakes selected according to
time-dependent cut-off magnitudes: 7.5 and above between 1900 and 1918 (plus
significant continental earthquakes 6.5 and above); 6.25 between 1918 and
1959; 5.5 between 1960 and 2009. Such selection criteria were dictated by
time and resource limitations. With the Extension Project we added both
pre-1960 events below the original cut-off magnitudes (if enough station data
were available to perform relocation and magnitude recomputation) and added
events with magnitude 5.5 and above from 2010 to 2014. The project ran over a
4-year period during which a new version of the ISC-GEM Catalogue was released each
year via the ISC website
(http://http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/, last access: 10 October 2018). For each year, not only have we added new events to the
catalogue for a given time range but also revised events already in V1 if
additional data became available or location and/or magnitude reassessments
were required. Here we recall the general background behind the production of
the ISC-GEM Catalogue and describe the features of the different periods
in which the catalogue has been extended. Compared to the 2013 release, we
eliminated earthquakes during the first 4 years (1900–1903) of the catalogue
(due to lack of reliable station data), added approximately 12 000 and 2500
earthquakes before 1960 and between 2010 and 2014, respectively, and improved
the solution for approximately 2000 earthquakes already listed in previous
versions. We expect the ISC-GEM Catalogue to continue to be one of the most
useful datasets for studies of the Earth's global seismicity and an important
benchmark for seismic hazard analyses, and, ultimately, an asset for the
seismological community as well as other geoscience fields, education and
outreach activities. The ISC-GEM Catalogue is freely available at
https://doi.org/10.31905/D808B825.
Discharge hydrograph estimation at upstream-ungauged sections by coupling a Bayesian methodology and a 2-D GPU shallow water model
Authors: Ferrari Alessia , D'Oria Marco , Vacondio Renato , Dal Palù Alessandro , Mignosa Paolo , Tanda Maria Giovanna
Published: October 2018

Abstract. This paper presents a novel methodology for estimating the unknown discharge
hydrograph at the entrance of a river reach when no information is available.
The methodology couples an optimization procedure based on the Bayesian
geostatistical approach (BGA) with a forward self-developed 2-D hydraulic
model. In order to accurately describe the flow propagation in real rivers
characterized by large floodable areas, the forward model solves the 2-D
shallow water equations (SWEs) by means of a finite volume explicit
shock-capturing algorithm. The two-dimensional SWE code exploits the
computational power of graphics processing units (GPUs), achieving a ratio of
physical to computational time of up to 1000. With the aim of enhancing the
computational efficiency of the inverse estimation, the Bayesian technique is
parallelized, developing a procedure based on the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol
that allows one to take advantage of remote high-performance computing
clusters (including those available on the Cloud) equipped with GPUs. The
capability of the methodology is assessed by estimating irregular and
synthetic inflow hydrographs in real river reaches, also taking into account
the presence of downstream corrupted observations. Finally, the procedure is
applied to reconstruct a real flood wave in a river reach located in northern
Italy.
Tensiones entre el emprendimiento y el trabajo autónomo en las políticas europeas de empleo: un nuevo capítulo en la relación entre el “trabajo como empleo” y el “trabajo sobre sí
Authors: Martínez Sordoni Laureano , Amigot Leache Patricia
Published: October 2018

Este artículo aborda las medidas sobre impulso del emprendimiento promovidas por las instituciones europeas y adoptadas en España en los últimos años. En particular, el artículo problematiza el vínculo entre “emprendimiento” y “empleo autónomo” que caracteriza al diseño de estas políticas. A partir de un análisis de fuentes documentales, se pone de relieve que la vinculación entre emprendimiento y empleo autónomo da lugar a dos procesos simultáneos: por un lado, una contradicción entre sus objetivos –la creación de empleo, el crecimiento económico y la innovación– y los instrumentos propuestos para cumplirlos. Por otro, la promoción de un modelo cultural que se construye en oposición a la idea de “empleo asalariado” y que desplaza los riesgos sociales hacia el individuo, dando lugar a una ruptura de los modelos solidaristas de políticas sociales y de empleo.
El perfil del emprendedor. Construcción cultural de la subjetividad laboral postfordista
Authors: Rodríguez López Roberto , Borges Gómez Efrén
Published: October 2018

El auge del emprendimiento en las últimas décadas es una constante en numerosos ámbitos económicos, políticos y socio-culturales. Aquel tiende a presentarse bajo la impronta de un modelo empresarial exitoso y con voluntad expansiva, pero es ineludible considerarlo a su vez en sus aspiraciones a modelo normativo para la actual subjetividad laboral. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es determinar los rasgos distintivos básicos del emprendedor. Para ello hemos analizado el discurso de la literatura de autoayuda orientada a la conformación de “subjetividades emprendedoras”. Dicha literatura se nos presenta hoy como espacio privilegiado de producción de personalidades auto-dirigidas en un ámbito cultural contemporáneo por lo demás profundamente psicologizado. Constatamos finalmente siete rasgos distintivos del emprendedor, los cuales nos remiten a un perfil esperable de éxito económico pero, a su vez, a un modelo que invisibiliza y despolitiza la gran precarización de las condiciones laborales en la nueva realidad postfordista.
Apuntes sobre las dinámicas comerciales de "Gadir" entre los siglos VI y III a.C
Authors: Sáez Romero Antonio M.
Published: October 2018

Las ánforas y los vestigios de sus centros de producción constituyen uno de los más importantes indicadores usados habitualmente para el estudio de las economías y las rutas de comercio de la Antigüedad, así como los productos involucrados en ellas. Por el contrario, las fuentes literarias suelen proporcionar una información limitada sobre estas cuestiones. En consecuencia, el análisis detallado de la documentación arqueológica y de los pasajes escritos conservados no permite en muchos casos la identificación de una buena parte de los productos comerciados. Concentrándonos en el marco general de la región del Estrecho de Gibraltar en un caso de estudio significativo como la Bahía de Cádiz en época púnica entre los siglos VI-III a.C., el principal objetivo del trabajo es reflexionar sobre los flujos y rutas comerciales regionales, prestando atención a la conexión de este extremo occidente púnico con el Atlántico, pero también con Cartago y otros centros púnicos del Mediterráneo central.
Sobre la capacidad de almacenaje de los "horrea" rurales romanos: teoría del Escepticismo Cuantitativo
Authors: Salido Domínguez Javier
Published: October 2018

Se presenta un balance sobre la información que nos aportan los análisis arqueobotánicos para el estudio del almacenaje de cereal en época romana, que requería de unas condiciones óptimas de temperatura y humedad para su conservación. El objetivo de este artículo es cuestionar algunas propuestas de capacidad de los horrea romanos indicando los múltiples factores que condicionan no sólo la construcción de los graneros, sino también la organización y disposición del cereal almacenado. En definitiva, tratamos de plantear la Teoría del Escepticismo Cuantitativo (TEC) con el fin de abordar la problemática de los cálculos de capacidad de almacenaje desde un punto de vista arqueológico.
Aspectos psicosociales de la calidad de vida en supervivientes pediátricos de tumores en el sistema nervioso central
Authors: Pérez-Campdepadrós Marta , Castellano-Tejedor Carmina , Blasco Tomás
Published: October 2018

Introducción: Los supervivientes de tumores del sistema nervioso central (TSNC) presentan peor calidad de vida en relación a la salud (CVRS) que los supervivientes de otras neoplasias y la población normativa. El tipo y gravedad de las secuelas no parecen tener un impacto claro en la CVRS, pero la afectación del cociente intelectual (CI) sí podría modular la CVRS. Además, las estrategias de afrontamiento del paciente y de los progenitores y el malestar emocional parental podrían también actuar sobre la CVRS. Objetivo: Determinar si las estrategias de afrontamiento del adolescente y su CI, y las estrategias de afrontamiento, el estrés general y el malestar emocional parental, modulan las dimensiones psicosociales de la CVRS del superviviente. Método: Estudio transversal descriptivo-correlacional. Se reclutaron 37 adolescentes (12-19 años) que llevaban ≥1 año fuera de tratamiento oncológico y 44 progenitores. Resultados: En la CVRS valorada por los adolescentes, las dimensiones Relación con los Padres y Vida Familiar, Amigos y Apoyo Social, y Entorno Escolar dependen de la estrategia de afrontamiento de resolución del problema usada por el adolescente. La dimensión Aceptación Social depende del estilo de afrontamiento improductivo del adolescente y del estilo de búsqueda de ayuda social de los padres. La CVRS valorada por los padres depende de las secuelas, el CI del adolescente y, el tipo de tratamiento oncológico recibido. Discusión y conclusiones: Las estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en la resolución del problema, deben ser consideradas para valorar e intervenir en la mejora de la CVRS de los supervivientes TSNC.
Mujeres Jóvenes con Cáncer de Mama: Necesidades de Apoyo en Atención y Resiliencia
Authors: Gálvez-Hernández Carmen Lizette , Ortega Mondragón Andrea , Villarreal-Garza Cynthia , Ramos del Río Bertha
Published: October 2018

Antecedentes: las mujeres menores de 40 años con cáncer de mama (CaMa) presentan características bio-psico-sociales únicas que ameritan ser atendidas y estudiadas. Objetivo: evaluara) la percepción de necesidades de apoyo en la atención (NAT) insatisfechas y nivel de resiliencia,b) la diferencia de NAT entre pacientes en tratamiento y sobrevivientes y c) la relación entre NAT y resiliencia, y su asociación con variables clínicas y sociodemográficas, respectivamente. Método: se estudiaron transversalmente a 150 mujeres jóvenes con CaMa en tratamiento y sobrevivientes, con una encuesta de NAT y una de resiliencia mexicanas. Resultados: la mediana de edad de las participantes fue de 36 años. Las necesidades menos satisfechas fueron las de sistema de salud e información. El grupo de tratamiento presentó más NAT comparado con las sobrevivientes (p=0,005). Se encontró que cuanto más NAT insatisfechas (globales, psicológicas, cuidado y apoyo, e información), menores valores en los dominios de resiliencia (p<0,005) en ambos grupos y por separado. Conclusiones: las condiciones externas (infraestructura, servicios de salud proporcionados y apoyo en seguridad social), habilidades propias (auto-confianza, estructura y organización) y/o recursos de apoyo externo (social y familiar) pudieron contribuir a que las pacientes percibieran pocas NAT insatisfechas. Los resultados resaltan la relevancia clínica de implementar intervenciones basadas en resiliencia.
Evidencias psicométricas iniciales de una medida breve sobre preocupación por el cáncer
Authors: Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás , Ventura-León José , Noe-Grijalva Martín , Barboza-Palomino Miguel , Arias Gallegos Walter L. , Reyes-Bossio Mario , Rojas-Jara Claudio
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: La preocupación por el cáncer está asociada con los comportamientos preventivos para la detección de esta enfermedad; sin embargo, no existe un instrumento con evidencias de validez y confiabilidad para medir este constructo en países latinoamericanos, entre ellos el Perú. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar la validez basada en la estructura interna y fiabilidad de la Cancer Worry Scale (CWS) en una muestra de personas sin diagnóstico oncológico con historia familiar de cáncer. Método: Se contó con la participación de 215 personas sanas con historia familiar de cáncer que acudían al servicio de consulta externa de dos instituciones públicas y privadas de salud de la ciudad de Chimbote con una edad promedio de 42,10 años (DT = 14,05). Para el recojo de información se utilizó una ficha sociodemográfica ad hoc y la Cancer Worry Scale. Resultados: El modelo unidimensional presentó un buen ajuste de los datos (SBχ2 (8) = 14,39; SB χ2 / df = 1,79; CFI = 0,991; SRMR = 0,025; RMSEA = 0,061 [IC90%: 0,000 -0,111]; AIC = 47,701) y una confiabilidad adecuada (ωcorregido = 0,90; IC95%: 0,88-0,92). Conclusión: Se concluye que la CWS presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, siendo una medida que brinda interpretaciones válidas y fiables de la preocupación por el cáncer en el contexto peruano.
Co-speech gesture projection: Evidence from inferential judgments
Authors: Tieu Lyn , Pasternak Robert , Schlenker Philippe , Chemla Emmanuel
Published: October 2018

The nature of the semantic contribution of co-speech gestures has been the subject of recent theoretical and experimental investigation. Such gestures have been reported to give rise to cosuppositional inferences that can project out of certain linguistic environments, much in the way that presuppositions of verbal expressions do (Schlenker 2018a; b). For example, a sentence like “John will not [use the stairs]_UP”, produced with a finger pointed upwards while pronouncing the verb phrase, is argued to give rise to the inference that if John were to use the stairs, he would go up the stairs. Tieu et al. (2017) investigated the projection properties of directional inferences associated with the gestures UP and DOWN, using a Truth Value Judgment Task and a Picture Selection Task, and reported the presence of existential projection of the gestural inferences out of quantified environments. We investigated the same gestural inferences using a method that more closely tracks the introspective judgments reported in the literature on gesture projection. Participants were presented with an Inferential Judgment Task, in which they had to rate the strength of inferences arising from UP and DOWN in six different linguistic environments. Using this task, we observed projection of the conditional inference from the scope of negation and universal projection of the inference from the scope of “none” and “exactly one”, as well as suggestive evidence that the inference can be locally accommodated in the scope of negation and “none.” These main findings would be difficult to explain if gestures were posited to make at-issue contributions; the finding of local accommodation is also not straightforwardly explained on the view that co-speech gestures contribute supplement-like meanings (Ebert & Ebert 2014). On the other hand, both main findings are compatible with the view that co-speech gestures trigger cosuppositions.
Evaluation and Treatment of Patients With Acetabular Osteolysis After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Sheth Neil P. , Rozell Joshua C. , Paprosky Wayne G.
Published: October 2018

As the demand for total hip arthroplasty (THA) continues to increase, the burden of revision THA is also expected to increase. Although the quality of polyethylene has improved markedly, osteolysis continues to be a risk for older designs and younger, active patients. Although progressive but typically asymptomatic in early stages, osteolysis can result in component failure and complicate revision surgery. Serial radiographs are paramount for monitoring progression. Although select cases may be treated with observation, surgery should be considered based on age, activity level, and projected life span. Well-fixed, noncemented modular acetabular components may be treated with curettage and bone grafting, as well as having to bear liner exchange with retention of the acetabular shell. However, in the setting of osteolysis, it is controversial whether bone grafting and component retention is superior to cup revision. This review explores the pathophysiology of osteolysis after THA and provides a comprehensive analysis of the evaluation and treatment of patients with osteolysis.
Statistical Fragility and the Role of P Values in the Sports Medicine Literature
Authors: Parisien Robert L. , Trofa David P. , Dashe Jesse , Cronin Patrick K. , Curry Emily J. , Fu Freddie H. , Li Xinning
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

Comparative trials evaluating categorical outcomes have important implications on surgical decision making. The purpose of this study was to examine the statistical stability of sports medicine research.

Methods:

Comparative clinical sports medicine research studies involving anterior cruciate ligament, meniscus, and knee instability were reviewed in two journals between 2006 and 2016. The statistical stability for each study outcome was determined by the number of event reversals required to change the P value to either greater or less than 0.05. The number of patients lost to follow-up was also determined.

Results:

Of the 1,505 studies screened, 102 studies were included for analysis, 40 of which were randomized controlled trials. There were 339 total outcome events, with 98 significant and 241 not significant. The Fragility Index, or the median number of events required to change the statistical significance of the overall study, was five (interquartile range, 3 to 8) or 5.4% of the total study population. In addition, the average number of patients lost to follow-up was 7.9, which is greater than the number needed to change the significance of each study arm and the entire study population.

Conclusion:

Results in the comparative sports medicine literature may not be as stable as previously thought, with only a small percentage of outcome events needed to change study significance. Outcomes research based on a single discreet P value cutoff may be misleading.
The First Language’s Impact on L2: Investigating Intralingual and Interlingual Errors
Authors: Long Robert , Hatcho Yui
Published: October 2018

This study focused on the grammatical accuracy of Japanese students who were learning English. The database for the errors came from the Japanese University Student Corpus (JUSC) comprising 61 transcripts containing 51,061 words. An inventory, containing 400 errors in context, was taken from this corpus. The first research question related to the most common errors Japanese L2 learners made in spontaneous speech whereas the second question focused on the interpretability and recognition of errors as being intralingual or interlingual. Results showed that the primary errors were articles, verb tense, prepositions, omission, modifier errors, and subject-verb agreement. These results indicate that L1 is a factor in grammatical accuracy. We concluded that this data highlights the need for language teachers to focus on getting students to use the grammatical forms in actual dialogues.
Evaluation of Cicer Milkvetch and Alfalfa Cultivars for Nutritive Value, Anti-Quality Factors and Animal Preference
Authors: Lardner Herbert , Pearce Leah , Damiran Daalkhaijav
Published: October 2018

Cicer milkvetch (CMV; Astragalus cicer L.) is an alternative non-bloat legume to managing alfalfa. A 2-yr study was conducted to compare three CMV cultivars (Oxley II, Oxley, and Veldt) to AC Grazeland alfalfa (ALF; check forage) for nutritive value and animal preference. Each yr, replicate samples (n = 4) of each forage type were harvested late summer and analyzed for nutrient profile. Oxley II had lower (p < 0.05) fiber content than AC Grazeland, while Oxley and Veldt were similar (p = 0.48) to AC Grazeland for neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and starch. In contrast, Oxley II had higher (p < 0.05) net energy for gain (NEg) than AC Grazeland, and Oxley and Veldt were similar (p > 0.05) to AC Grazeland for NEg. All three CMV varieties had similar levels of total digestible nutrients (TDN) (63.6 ± 0.6%; p > 0.05), but had higher (p = 0.01) energy content than AC Grazeland alfalfa (54.9 ± 1.4% TDN). Selenium (Se) concentrations were similar (p > 0.05) among CVM cultivars and less than 1 mg/kg DM, and no swainsonine or nitrotoxins were detected in the CMV cultivars. The Oxley II CMV tended (p = 0.06) to have a higher (139) relative feed value (RFV) compared to AC Grazeland (94), while Oxley and Veldt had moderate RFV values (128). Dry matter intake of Oxley II, Veldt, and Oxley CMV was 4, 18, and 28% greater than AC Grazeland, respectively. Based on the relative preference index (ratio of forage DMI to AC Grazeland alfalfa DMI), forage types are ranked as follows: AC Grazeland (1.0) < Veldt (1.2) < Oxley (1.4) < Oxley II (1.7). Study results suggest that CMV cultivars harvested late summer, maintained higher forage quality with greater preference compared to alfalfa.
Cooperative Governance and the Legitimacy Dilemma: A Case Study in a Credit Cooperative
Authors: Jansen Aline Castro , Maehler Alisson Eduardo , Wegner Douglas
Published: October 2018

Objective: Our goal was to analyze whether governance practices implemented by credit cooperatives, according to the guidelines of the Central Bank of Brazil (BACEN), contribute to an increase in participation by cooperative members and an increase in the legitimacy of decisions. Method: This research was developed around a case study. Data collection was conducted through interviews, non-participant observations, and documentary analysis in a credit cooperative of free admission. Originality / Relevance: We detected the need to advance the academic literature on governance issues. There is currently a lack of research that analyzes the institutional mechanisms of cooperatives that reinforce their legitimacy, such as the participation of the cooperative in decision-making processes. Results: The social programs implemented aim to increase the representativeness of the members in the cooperative. The new assembly process promoted a significant change in the participation of the members, resulting in an increase in the number of voters in the assemblies. This strengthened their involvement and increased the legitimacy of the cooperative vis-à-vis regulatory institution. Theoretical contributions: The theoretical contribution of this study is related to the advancement of issues of cooperative governance. We noticed that the demand for increased participation of members is linked to the search for legitimacy, both in relation to the market, and to the members and the BACEN.  Furthermore, the latter induces normative isomorphism through good governance practices. Management contributions: The main managerial contribution of this study is to provide credit cooperatives with awareness of the fact that governance directly influences the participation of members, which, in turn, affects the legitimacy of the institutional and social environments.
Fabrication of dye sensitized solar
cell using chemically tuned CuO nanoparticles
prepared by sol-gel method
Authors: Prabhin V.S. , Jeyasubramanian K. , Romulus N.R. , Singh N.N.
Published: October 2018

Purpose: This work details about the isolation of CuO nanoflakes by a simple precipitationtechnique. Further it is coated over ITO substrate using spin coating technique. DSS cellcapabilities were checked by placing a drop of plant dye derived from pomegranate.Design/methodology/approach: CuO nano flakes, a novel Nano sized metal oxide havebeen synthesized by sol-gel method. The synthesised flakes were characterized by usingXRD (X-ray diffraction), FESEM, UV-VIS and PL measurements techniques. XRD studiesshow that, the copper oxide formed has monoclinic structure.Findings: The grain size of the synthesized copper oxide nanoflakes were measured fromFESEM and found that the size was around 200 nm. The UV-VIS measurement show thatthe band gap of CuO nanoflakes were found to be 3.03 eV, which is in the range of a goodsemiconductor. Finally, the dye sensitized solar cell was fabricated and its power conversionefficiency η (PCE) was determined.Practical implications: The search for green sources or generators of energy is consideredas one of the priorities in today's society and occupies many policy maker’s agenda. It isbelieved that nanocrystalline photovoltaic devices are becoming viable contender for largescale future solar energy converters.
Tożsamość narodowa i nacjonalizm w Norwegii. Podróż w czasie
Authors: Rian Øystein
Published: October 2018

In contrast to the prevailing in the 70s, 80s and 90s concepts on nation-building and national consciousness, the author develops the idea of the Norwegian national identity being present in the Middle Ages, modified and strengthened in the period of the union with Denmark (16th–18th centuries), and during the union with Sweden in the 19th century. In this time, the national identity grew into a political programme of regaining independence and building a national culture.
„Nie myśl sobie, że jesteś Duńczykiem...”. O duńskiej literaturze migracyjnej w kontekście debaty o duńskości
Authors: Schab Sylwia Izabela
Published: October 2018

The aim of the article is to analyze five Danish literary examples (texts by Geeti Amiri, Yahya Hassan, Tarek Omar, Hassan Preisler and Abdel Aziz Mahmoud) in the context of the ongoing public debate on Danishness. The chosen writers deal with a migration experience and they point out the impossibleness of becoming Danish in the eyes of the ethnic Danish society. The notion of Danishness is undergoing changes, but as my reading of the texts has shown, the non-ethnic Danish writers conceptualize it as being founded in a greater degree on the unreachable criterion of being (rather than on knowing or doing) – using Joshua A. Fishman’s categories.
Na przekór przełomowi nowoczesnemu. O projekcie patriotycznym Vilhelma Andersena
Authors: Cymbrykiewicz Joanna
Published: October 2018

The article presents the patriotic project of Vilhem Andersen, one of George Brandes’s
opponents and critics of the modern breakthrough. Andersen’s main medium were literary
biographies, which he had the ambition to use to influence his contemporaries, promoting
romantic national literature and identifying the national characteristics of the Danes. The
reflections focus on the most important and most popular biography of the author entitled
Poul Møller. Hans Liv og Skrifter (1894), which is the most emphatic manifestation of
Andersen’s mission.
„Wielu, co go widzi, nie wie, czy to chłop czy niewiasta”, czyli o (nie)męskości w staroislandzkiej Sadze o Egilu i Sadze o Njalu
Authors: Jakubczyk Radosław
Published: October 2018

In this article, I discuss how masculinity is constructed in Old Icelandic Egils saga and Njáls saga through various kinds of unmanliness (impotence, lack of facial hair, baldness, effeminacy, cowardice, old age). Both sagas demonstrate the restrictiveness of gender roles in medieval Iceland and how men become their captives. The ideal of masculinity is so exaggerated that it becomes oppressive, because everything may be used against men. It leads to failed marriages and feuds. However, Egils saga’s and Njáls saga’s treatment of gender is critical.
Analysis of the effectiveness of teleradiotherapy
with modulation of beam intensity in the
extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and
neck region: A new look at inductive systemic
treatment
Authors: Bilski Mateusz , Grzybowska-Szatkowska Ludmiła , Grywalska Ewelina , Surdyka Dariusz , Bilska Monika , Kozakiewicz Paulina , Korona Paweł , Roliński Jacek
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a very rare malignancy. EMP is highly radiosensitive.
Local disease control can be obtained by administering a dose of 45–50 Gy. Relatively rarely,
in less than 20% of cases, a progression of EMP to the systemic form of multiple myeloma
(MM) may be observed.
Material/Methods: This paper presents a retrospective analysis of 5 patients with EMP of the head and neck
region, treated in 2009–2016 with the use of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).
In three of the five patients, the tumor was located in the larynx; in one case, it was located
in the nasopharynx and one in the maxillary sinus. All patients were qualified for definitive
radiotherapy using the IMRT technique. Two patients with EMP located in the nasopharynx
and in the maxillary sinus, with tumor sizes of 10 cm and 8 cm, respectively, received induction
systemic treatment to improve the anatomical conditions for the planned radiotherapy and
to reduce associated radiation doses in critical organs.
Results: The effect of radiotherapy with modulation of beam intensity on local, regional and remote
control in patients with EMP of the head and neck region was analyzed. The median of the dose
used was 50 Gy. During the observation period of maximum 29 months (median: 26 months),
all patients (100%) remained without disease recurrence and progression to the MM.
Conclusion: IMRT leads to very good results in the form of local and regional control in patients with EMP
of head and neck region. Based on the discussion, which is not a direct result of the study, in
cases of extensive tumor mass or close proximity of critical organs, it seems justified to use
inductive systemic treatment.
A monographic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), including a reappraisal of the taxonomic history of ‘Canthon sensu lato’
Authors: Cupello Mario , Vaz-de-Mello Fernando Z.
Published: October 2018

Although extensively studied by different authors over the past 150 years, the taxonomy of Canthon Hoffmannsegg, 1817 and allied genera (which are here informally referred to as ‘Canthon sensu lato’) still remains problematic. With the aim of resolving some of the questions surrounding these taxa, the present work reviews the taxonomy of one of them, the genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977. As defined here, Sylvicanthon is distributed mainly throughout the vast areas of tropical rainforests in the Neotropical region and includes 15 species divided into two groups: the enkerlini group, with a single species, S. enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov., and the candezei group, with five subgroups: the candezei subgroup, with S. candezei (Harold, 1869), S. genieri sp. nov. and S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920); the aequinoctialis subgroup, with S. aequinoctialis (Harold, 1868) comb. nov. and S. proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov.; the bridarollii subgroup, with S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949), S. seag sp. nov., S. edmondsi sp. nov. and S. attenboroughi sp. nov.; the furvus subgroup, with S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920), S. monnei sp. nov., S. mayri sp. nov. and S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920); and the securus subgroup, with a single species, S. securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. Three species originally included in Sylvicanthon are here (re)transferred to Canthon: Canthon xanthopus Blanchard, 1846 and C. machadoi (Martínez & Pereira, 1967) comb. nov., as well as C. cobosi (Pereira & Martínez, 1960) stat. et comb. nov., which had been previously in synonymy under C. xanthopus. Descriptions, redescriptions, illustrations and comparative tables on the external morphology (including the genital capsule) of the genus and its species are presented, as well as a detailed discussion on their biogeography, comparative morphology, hypotheses on their phylogenetic relationships, data on natural history and a detailed historical revision of the classification of ‘Canthon sensu lato’. Finally, we also discuss the so-called ‘species problem’ (i.e., the definition of the scientific term ‘species’) and its consequences to dung beetle taxonomy and favour the solution offered by the Biological Species Concept.
Produção de material instrucional e a integração com o 2º grau: situação e perspectiva
Authors: Porto Antônio Vicente L. , Figueiredo Dartanhan Baltez , Magnago Paulo Roberto
Published: October 2018

Knowing the reality of Physics teaching in the higt. School system of the region of Santa Maria, RS, the Physics Teaching Research Group Physics Department/UFSM (GEF), is taking steps toward the integration of these schools in a teaching-learning process engaged, as much as possible, with the student's every day's life. In the present. work, the basic concepts of this project are presented, the equipment. used is deescribed and the experiments which can be performed at the present status of the project as listed. Finally some considerations are made about the future possibilities of the project.
Statistical Optimization of the production of protease from Bacillus sp. MSK-01 in submerged fermentation
Authors: Kaur Kulwant , Sondhi Sonica , Kaur Palki Sahib
Published: October 2018

Protease has been in increasing demand in industries due to its hydrolytic nature. In industries, high yield of enzyme is required to meet the industrial need at a relatively cheaper cost. In the present study, the protease from Bacillus sp. MSK-01 was produced in large quantity by submerged fermentation. Statistical techniques including Plackett-Burman and Response surface methodology are useful tools for optimizing many parameters at a time and are used for increasing the protease production from Bacillus sp. MSK-01. 19 different parameters were chosen, out of which 15 factors had positive effect on protease yield. Four maximum influencing factors were peptone, magnesium sulphate, skim milk powder and casein were chosen to further increase the protease yield. 397.3 IU ml-1 of enzyme yield was obtained under optimized conditions which lead to 198 fold increase in the yield of protease from unoptimized condition.
Personalized Medicine Needs Enlightened Regulation To Realize Its Potential
Authors: Miller Henry I.
Published: October 2018

Precision, or personalized, medicine, reflects that treatments -- especially those using biopharmaceuticals -- are gradually shifting from a relatively imprecise "one size fits all" approach to a more personalized one, so that patients can be matched to the best therapy based on their genetic makeup and other predictive factors. However, for the pharmaceutical industry, it could be a double-edged sword.  On the one hand, it could diminish the number of patients required to demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials, but on the other, it might narrow the approved labeling indications (uses), once the FDA allows the drug to be marketed.  Moreover, if regulators require huge safety studies, that could offset the advantage of being able to show efficacy with smaller numbers of patients.
International trade legal issues induced by biotechnology and the countermeasures
Authors: Zheng Haiying , Ma Yong
Published: October 2018

Genetically modified products have gradually entered people’s life because of the rapid development of biotechnology. With the perfection and progress of relevant technologies, genetically modified products are successfully commercialized and flourish in the international market for its special advantages. But the safety of genetically modified products has not been confirmed; hence disputes of international trade emerge. To ensure the health development of international trade of genetically modified products, different countries and regions set up different degrees of legislative limitation. Through discussing the legal system of international trade of genetically modified products, this study introduced the status and characteristics of international trade of genetically modified products, analyzed the legal causes for trade disputes, and proposed corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for perfecting system. Developing countries should positively coordinate to perfect transgenosis related system, participate in the formulation of new trade rules, promote the construction of international trade laws to seek welfare, and drive the orderly development of genetically modified products.
Evaluation on National Biotechnology Policy (NBP) 2005: Towards Achieving 20 Global Companies In NBP Phase III
Authors: Baqutayan Shadiya , Alhan Md Salimun Husni
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this paper is to discuss on the latest progress of the NBP 2005 through selecting significant performance indicators towards the end of policy tenure, which is nurturing 20 global status companies. The research was carried out through qualitative method using verbatim analysis from Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with lead implementing agencies, Bioeconomy Corporation and also supported by desktop research from the statistics provided and literature review. Through this research, general performances in NBP Phase II were examined, as they will influence the strategies execution in the Phase III. Hence, researcher was exploring the global companies in the context of NBP in term of definition, grooming programs, potential and existing companies, characteristics, niches, and other relevant information related. The findings of this research indicated that NBP Phase II showed significant achievements while general information on the global companies been obtained, mostly in 3 main biotechnology sectors the namely agriculture, healthcare and industrial biotechnology due to non- disclosure agreement with the companies. Therefore, this research is very useful, it could possibly benefit policy makers in the future on policy planning, and intervention in science, technology, and innovation related policy. Finally, originality value from this research will unlock possibility for future study to conduct quantitative survey on the respective companies and also other international benchmarking indicators. However, the study was only based on the FGD session, documents analysis, and information given from ministries and agencies officers.
A Study on Medical Biotechnology System from Legal Perspective
Authors: Fu Yeung Lap
Published: October 2018

With the progress and development of science and technology, medical biotechnology has made great progress, which created an objective market and lucrative returns for the medical and health industry as well as provided assistance for patients. However, the hidden risk of biotechnology may burst at any time and is not conducive to the health and safety of consumers and social stability. Therefore, regulation and control of the government over medical biotechnology research enterprises is particularly important, which requires the establishment of relevant legal systems. This paper attempts to find out the inadequacies of the existing laws and regulations related to medical biotechnology in China by evaluation so as to put forward some constructive suggestions to help establish a more perfect medical and biotechnology legal system.
Can there be value-based medicine without … values?
Authors: Pitts Peter J.
Published: October 2018

“Value-based” is the new, hot prefix. Value-based medicine, value-based insurance design, value-based contracting. It seems that everyone agrees that everything should be based on “value.” But do they – really? Do we really all agree that “value” is the denominator” rather than “price?” Clearly not considering that the “price of medicine” is still very much driving the media and political conversation.But “value” is what patients care about, because “value” means clinical outcomes.When patients say, “My drugs are too expensive!” – what do they mean? As a rule it means that their co-pays and co-insurance fees (their out of pocket expenses) are too high. What are we doing about that? Who sets those costs? What do they mean? How do they impact formulary design and … value-based contracting?Let’s simplify that question: How does value-based contracting impact access and affordability – the only things patients care about and generally the last things that are taken into consideration. And how does it impact PBM and payer profitability?
Biotechnology Can Address the Mystery and Urgency of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Marmor Mina , Miller Henry I
Published: October 2018

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a scourge that in time could virtually bankrupt healthcare systems worldwide, is one of the most intensively researched areas of medicine. Because of the existing uncertainty about its pathophysiology the unavailablity of reliable diagnostic tests, it is difficult to predict which prophylactic or therapeutic interventions are likely to be effective, but many biotechnology-derived drugs are prime candidates.  We summarize the most promising approaches and drugs.