bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Elderly-Friendly Public Spaces and Stakeholder Perspective on The Quality of Life in Urban Micro-Districts of Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
Authors: Zheng Lifan , Traiwannakij Surachai , Aduldaecha Sukon
Published: November 2024

Fuzhou City, located in China's Fujian Province, exemplifies the demographic transformation underway. The city's elderly population is growing, with individuals aged 60 and above constituting 16.76% of its municipal population. This demographic shift, coupled with increasing urbanization, underscores the urgent need to enhance public spaces to serve the requirements of elderly individuals better. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the influence of elderly-friendly public space and stakeholder perspective on the quality of life in urban micro-districts of Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. The quantitative method based on questionnaires is applied. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percent frequency, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation are introduced. Various inferential statistical methods are used to test the hypothesis, particularly the Independent Samples t-test, the One-way ANOVA, and the Multiple Linear Regression analysis. The results obtained from the study indicate that differences in Gender, Marital Status, Duration of Residence, Living Arrangement, Type of Housing, and Mobility Limitation generate differences in Quality of Life in urban micro-districts of Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. Differences in Elderly Utilization Patterns generate differences in Quality of Life in urban micro-districts of Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. Differences in Stakeholder Involvement in Public Space generate differences in Quality of Life in urban micro-districts of Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. The results obtained from the Multiple Linear Regression Analyses show that there are significant positive impacts of all aspects of Public Space Characteristics (Accessibility, Safety Measures, and Types of Amenities) on Quality of Life in urban micro-districts of Fuzhou City, Fujian Province.
Capital Structure Challenges: Strategic Insights from Indonesia's Energy Sector
Authors: Fadila Ardhiani , Gumanti Tatang Ary , Safitri Julia , Handriani Eka
Published: November 2024

This study examines the factors influencing the capital structure of energy sector companies in Indonesia using panel data analysis. The sample consists of 35 companies over a specified period. The results indicate that Return on Assets, Sales Growth, Asset Utilization Ratio, and Asset Structure significantly affect the capital structure, including short-term debt (STD), long-term debt (LTD), and total debt (TD). These findings align with the pecking order theory, suggesting that companies prefer internal financing over external sources, particularly when profitability is high. The managerial implication is that energy sector companies should carefully consider these variables in their capital structure decisions to enhance sustainability and optimize financial performance.
Benchmarking of Hi-C tools for scaffolding plant genomes obtained from PacBio HiFi and ONT reads
Authors: Obinu Lia , Trivedi Urmi , Porceddu Andrea
Published: November 2024

The implementation of Hi-C reads in the de novo genome assembly process allows the ordering of large regions of the genome in scaffolds and the generation of chromosome-level assemblies. Several bioinformatics tools have been developed for genome scaffolding with Hi-C, and each tool has advantages and disadvantages that need to be carefully evaluated before their adoption. We generated two de novo assemblies of Arabidopsis thaliana obtained from the same raw PacBio HiFi and Oxford Nanopore Technologies data. We scaffolded the assemblies implementing Hi-C reads with the scaffolders 3D-DNA, SALSA2, and YaHS, with the aim of identifying the tool providing the most accurate assembly. The scaffolded assemblies were evaluated according to contiguity, completeness, accuracy, and structural correctness. In our analysis, YaHS proved to be the best-performing bioinformatics tool for scaffolding de novo genome assemblies in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Targeting regulated cell death pathways in cancers for effective treatment: a comprehensive review
Authors: Saxena Ruchi , Welsh Craig M. , He You-Wen
Published: November 2024

Cancer is a complex disease characterized by specific “mission-critical” events that drive the uncontrolled growth and spread of tumor cells and their offspring. These events are essential for the advancement of the disease. One of the main contributors to these events is dysregulation of cell death pathways—such as apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, cuproptosis, parthanatos and—allows cancer cells to avoid programmed cell death and continue proliferating unabated. The different cell death pathways in cancers provide useful targets for cancer treatment. This review examines recent progresses in the preclinical and clinical development of targeting dysregulated cell death pathways for cancer treatment. To develop effective cancer therapies, it is essential to identify and target these mission-critical events that prevent tumor cells from timely death. By precisely targeting these crucial events, researchers can develop therapies with maximum impact and minimal side effects. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these regulated cell death pathways will further the development of highly effective and personalized cancer treatments.
Effect of thermal radiation on unsteady magneto-hybrid nanofluid flow in a π -shaped wavy cavity saturated porous medium
Authors: Rashad A. M. , Kolsi Lioua , Mansour M. A. , Salah T. , Mir Ahmed , Armaghani Taher , Alshammari Badr M.
Published: November 2024

The present investigation deals with the natural convection (NC) of Al2O3-Cu-water hybrid nanofluid (HNF) within a “ π”-shaped cavity under the influence of an externally applied magnetic field (MF). Also we studied the porous media with radiative effect as well as common heat transfer for better fitting to real industrial problems. The inverse U shaped-cavity design includes upper walls that are partially heated and wavy right and left walls designed for cooling purposes, while the remaining walls are maintained as adiabatic. A FORTRAN home code using finite difference method-based approach is adopted to solve the governing equations. A verification is performed by comparing with previous numerical investigations to substantiate the precision of the established numerical model. The findings are expressed in term of stream function, isotherms, and local and averaged Nusselt number. It was found that by increasing amplitude (A), location of the heater (D), thermal radiation parameter (Rd) and wavelength (λ) about 140%, 94%, 775%, and 28% Nuavg increases, respectively. In addition, by increasing Dimensionless of heat source/sink length (B), Ha, and heat generation/absorption coefficient (Q) about 20%, 1.1% and 28% Nuavg decreases, respectively. Also, Nuavg first decreases and then increases by increasing Ra.
Cardiac remodeling in elite young Asian female soccer players
Authors: Kim Narae , Park Hyunkyung , Sohn Il Suk , Yang In-Ho
Published: November 2024

Introduction

An athlete's heart (AH) varies depending on race, sex, age, and the type and intensity of training. Given that soccer is a common sport, evaluation of cardiac function in soccer players is important; however, few studies have analyzed adolescent soccer players. Therefore, this study, aimed to identify early changes in AH in soccer players by evaluating the echocardiographic findings of adolescent Asian female soccer players for whom existing data are scarce.

Methods

We evaluated 20 Korean female under-20 national soccer team players and 42 age-matched healthy females. Participants provided physical examination data such as height, weight, blood pressure, and pulse, along with echocardiographic results. On echocardiography, parameters related to the morphology of the left atrium (LA) and left ventricle (LV) and those related to the systolic and diastolic function of the LV were measured.

Results

The athlete group had a lower blood pressure and pulse rate than the control group. Echocardiography indicated that both the LA volume index and LV volume in the athlete group were large by approximately 1.5 times compared with those in the control group. The LV wall thickness and mass index were also significantly large in the athlete group. For LV diastolic function, parameters indicating early diastolic filling were substantially higher in the athlete group than in the control group.

Conclusions

Adolescent female soccer players exhibited differences in cardiac morphology and an enhanced diastolic function. Therefore, this study suggests that AH begins in adolescence, with changes in both morphology and function.
The role of elastography in determining the risk of malignant thyroid nodules in children
Authors: Kiszka-Wiłkojć Aleksandra , Taczanowska-Niemczuk Anna , Januś Dominika , Maślanka Marcin , Godlewska Joanna , Kujdowicz Monika , Wiłkojć Michał , Górecki Wojciech
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Ultrasonography is fundamental method of diagnosing focal thyroid lesions. The additional element of ultrasound examination is Strain Elastography which allows for determining the degree of elasticity of the nodule while comparing it to the surrounding thyroid parenchyma. Pediatric thyroid nodules have a higher malignancy risk than in adults, warranting the consideration of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in children.

Material and methods

A prospective data analysis of children with focal thyroid lesions treated from 2021 to 2022 was performed. The patients underwent ultrasound and elastography examinations to obtain the Strain Ratio (SR) of the nodules and were qualified for FNAB. SR was determined by the windowing method of relative strains in a semi-quantitative assessment. The FNAB score was determined on the Bethesda scale and the histological examination of the thyroid nodule was performed. The SR values were stratified in three groups: I - thyroid cancer, II - low-risk thyroid tumors, and III - benign lesion. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to find the relation between the value of SR elastography and the malignancy, with the p value < 0.05 considered significant. The data were analyzed using the multiple comparisons test.

Results

The 123 FNABs were performed in 100 patients. The final analysis included 119 nodules in 96 patients. In 19 cases, the nodule was malignant, in 5 cases they were low-risk tumors, and in 95 - benign lesions. A difference of the SR value between groups in the pairs of malignant and benign tumors, and malignant and low-risk tumors was revealed. Since no statistically significant difference in the level of elastography was found between benign and low-risk tumors, both groups were combined and formed a group of benign tumors. For the combined groups, the Man-Whitney test was performed, confirming that there was a statistically significant difference between the groups of malignant and benign tumors in the value of SR elastography. The cut-off point for SR for malignant tumors was >3.

Conclusions

The SR index of elastography is significantly higher in malignant nodules. and might be used to select changes with an increased risk of malignancy in thyroid ultrasound of children.
Advanced transient switching and coordinated power control strategies for flexible interconnection of multiple microgrids
Authors: Li Guoliang , Lin Xia , Kong Lingyuan , Xia Wenhua , Yan Shuang
Published: November 2024

Multiple microgrid (MG) distribution systems are facing challenges owing to variations in the operational statuses of the individual MGs, which experience voltage and current fluctuations during transient interconnections. The impedances of the interconnecting lines further exacerbate the unevenness of power distribution among the MGs, hence threatening the operational stability of the system. To achieve flexible and seamless interconnections between multiple MGs, we fully analyzed the interconnected structures and operation modes of the MGs; then, we designed a transient switching control method based on investigation of the transient interconnection processes to ensure smooth transition of the MGs. Additionally, to balance the power distribution among the interconnected MGs, a voltage–current-based coordinated power control strategy was synthesized using advanced synchronized fixed-frequency technology. Simulation case studies were conducted, and the results indicate that the proposed coordinated power control scheme effectively facilitated instantaneous interconnections between the isolated regions, thereby avoiding voltage disturbances and current surges. Furthermore, it efficiently equalized and distributed the output power from the distributed energy sources, thereby enhancing the operational flexibilities and stabilities of the MGs and distribution system.
A storyline approach: integrating comprehensive, interdisciplinary research results to create narratives – in the context of the net-zero target in Germany
Authors: Köhnke Fiona , Steuri Bettina , Baetcke Lars , Borchers Malgorzata , Brinkmann Torsten , Dittmeyer Roland , Dornheim Martin , El Zohbi Juliane , Förster Johannes , Gawel Erik , Görl Knut , Herbst Michael , Heß Dominik , Kalhori Aram , Korte Klaas , Li Zhan , Markus Till , Mengis Nadine , Monnerie Nathalie , Oschlies Andreas , Prats-Salvado Enric , Reusch Thorsten B. H. , Rhoden Imke , Sachs Torsten , Schaller Romina , Schill Eva , Simon Sonja , Stevenson Angela , Thoni Terese , Thrän Daniela , Xiao Mengzhu , Jacob Daniela
Published: November 2024

With the amendment to the German Climate Change Act in 2021, the Federal Government of Germany has set the target to become greenhouse gas neutral by 2045. Reaching this ambitious target requires multisectoral efforts, which in turn calls for interdisciplinary collaboration: the Net-Zero-2050 project of the Helmholtz Climate Initiative serves as an example of successful, interdisciplinary collaboration with the aim of producing valuable recommendations for action to achieve net-zero CO2 emissions in Germany. To this end, we applied an interdisciplinary approach to combining comprehensive research results from ten German national research centers in the context of carbon neutrality in Germany. In this paper, we present our approach and the method behind the interdisciplinary storylines development, which enabled us to create a common framework between different carbon dioxide removal and avoidance methods and the bigger carbon neutrality context. Thus, the research findings are aggregated into narratives: the two complementary storylines focus on technologies for net-zero CO2 emissions and on different framing conditions for implementing net-zero CO2 measures. Moreover, we outline the Net-Zero-2050 results emerging from the two storylines by presenting the resulting narratives in the context of carbon neutrality in Germany. Aiming at creating insights into how complementary and related expertise can be combined in teams across disciplines, we conclude with the project’s lessons learned. This paper sheds light on how to facilitate cooperation between different science disciplines with the purpose of preparing joint research results that can be communicated to a specific audience. Additionally, it provides further evidence that interdisciplinary and diverse research teams are an essential factor for defining solution spaces for complex, interdisciplinary problems.
Subtyping colorectal cancer based on septic shock-associated genes: prognosis and immune characteristics
Authors: Zhao Jinkai , Chen Jiaan , Zhang Jiancheng , Pan Xuming , Xu Buhai , Miao Jinli , Wang Wenmin , Jin Guangjun
Published: November 2024

Background

Sepsis and colorectal cancer (CRC) are leading causes of death. Given their mutual dependence for susceptibility, we used bioinformatics to explore potential connections between septic shock (SS) and CRC.

Methods

We identified 452 co-expressed genes between SS-related differential expression genes (SS-DEGs) and CRC patient-expressed genes (TCGA-CRC genes). CRC samples were categorized into two cluster subgroups through hierarchical clustering. We then compared the prognosis and immune landscapes of the two cluster subgroups through survival analysis, immune microenvironment analysis, and immune therapy response evaluation.

Results

Clustering analysis of the 452 CRC patient-expressed SS-DEGs identified two subtypes: SS-like CRC (SL-CRC) and non-SS-like CRC (NSL-CRC). There were no significant differences in overall survival between the CRC subtypes. However, the subtypes displayed significant differences in immune score, stromal score, and ESTIMATE score. Based on immune therapy databases, there were also significant differences in responses to anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors between the subtypes.

Conclusion

Our study reveals significant differences in the immune microenvironment and immune therapy responses between SL-CRC and NSL-CRC subtypes. These findings provide a foundation for identifying new therapeutic targets and developing personalized treatment strategies for specific CRC subtypes.
The potential of lactoferrin as antiviral and immune-modulating agent in viral infectious diseases
Authors: Eker Furkan , Duman Hatice , Ertürk Melih , Karav Sercan
Published: November 2024

Emerging infectious diseases are caused by unpredictable viruses with the dangerous potential to trigger global pandemics. These viruses typically initiate infection by utilizing the anionic structures of host cell surface receptors to gain entry. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional glycoprotein with multiple properties such as antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Due to its cationic structure, Lf naturally interacts with certain host cell receptors, such as heparan sulfate proteoglycans, as well as viral particles and other receptors that are targeted by viruses. Therefore, Lf may interfere with virus-host cell interactions by acting as a receptor competitor for viruses. Herein we summarize studies in which this competition was investigated with SARS-CoV-2, Zika, Dengue, Hepatitis and Influenza viruses in vitro. These studies have demonstrated not only Lf’s competitive properties, but also its potential intracellular impact on host cells, such as enhancing cell survival and reducing infection efficiency by inhibiting certain viral enzymes. In addition, the immunomodulatory effect of Lf is highlighted, as it can influence the activity of specific immune cells and regulate cytokine release, thereby enhancing the host’s response to viral infections. Collectively, these properties promote the potential of Lf as a promising candidate for research in viral infectious diseases.
A genome-wide cross-trait analysis identifying shared genetic basis and causal relationships between Hunner-type interstitial cystitis and autoimmune diseases in East Asian populations
Authors: Lyu Xinyi , Peng Liao , Xu Xueyuan , Fan Yang , Yang Yong , Chen Jiawei , Liu Mengzhu , Chen Yuanzhuo , Zhang Chi , Yang Shiqin , Shen Sihong , Zhang Jie , Zeng Xiao , Shen Hong , Luo Deyi , Lin Yifei
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the clinical link between Hunner interstitial cystitis (HIC) and autoimmune diseases (ADs), suggesting potential shared genetic bases for their comorbidity. We aimed to investigate the shared genetic architecture and causal relationships between HIC and ADs.

Methods

We conducted a genome-wide cross-trait study with ~170000 individuals of East Asian ancestry to investigate the shared architecture between HIC and ADs. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to assess potential causal relationships and a multi-trait analysis of GWAS (MTAG) was conducted to identify their associated pleiotropic loci. Fine-mapping analysis narrowed candidate gene susceptibility loci and colocalization analysis was performed to identify shared variants at specific locus. Lastly, transcriptome-wide association (TWAS) and functional analysis were utilized to explore potential shared gene-tissue associations.

Results

Through bidirectional MR analysis, we observed a positive causal effect of AIH(ORIVW=1.09, PIVW=1.00×10-3) and RA (ORIVW=1.47, PIVW<1.00×10-4) on HIC and a negative causal effect of UC on HIC (ORIVW=0.89, PIVW< 1.00×10-4). Furthermore, we unveiled a robust positive causal effect of HIC on T1D(ORConMix=1.05, PConMix=1.77×10-3). Cross-trait meta-analysis identified a total of 64 independent SNPs associated with HIC and ADs. Functional analysis revealed that the identified variants regulated gene expression in major tissues belonging to the autoimmune system.

Conclusions

Our findings might offer insights into the shared underlying etiology of HIC and ADs.
Non-infectious mixed cryoglobulinemia as a new clinical presentation of mutation in the gene encoding coatomer subunit alpha: a case report of two adult sisters
Authors: Leśniak Ksymena , Płoski Rafał , Rydzanicz Małgorzata , Rymarz Aleksandra , Lubas Arkadiusz , Syryło Tomasz , Niemczyk Stanisław
Published: November 2024

Cryoglobulinemia is a rare disease characterized by the presence of cryoglobulins in the blood serum. It is usually caused by autoimmune, lymphoproliferative, or infectious factors. The pathogenesis of cryoglobulinemia is not well understood, therefore, genetic testing is very important. We present the case of two adult sisters with different clinical phenotypes of non-infectious cryoglobulinemic vasculitis associated with a rare genetic variant [(Hg38) 1:160323529 C>G, NP_004362.2:p.(Gly203Ala)]. One of the sisters suffered from essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, while the other suffered from cryoglobulinemia associated with systemic connective tissue disease. In both cases, genetic tests revealed a variant in the COPA gene, encoding coatomer subunit alpha. Mutations in the COPA gene are associated with COPA syndrome, an autoimmune interstitial lung, joint, and kidney monogenic disease, found mainly in children. Only 15 pathogenic COPA variants have been reported thus far which suggests that the full spectrum of disease manifestations remains unknown. Ours is the first report of the association of the COPA gene with non-infectious cryoglobulinemic vasculitis in adults. This unexpected finding may direct research into the pathogenesis of cryoglobulinemia and new treatment strategies for this rare disease.
Role of CD38 in mediating the effect of Bacillus on acute pancreatitis: a study of mediated Mendelian randomization
Authors: Xiao Junhao , Tao Zhuoyan , Luo Mingjian , Yan Yong , Ke Shaobiao , Mao Benliang , Zhan Jiulin , Wang Zhe , Wang Bailin , Li Zhiwei
Published: November 2024

Background

Some studies suggest a potential link between intestinal flora and acute pancreatitis (AP). However, the causal relationships between specific intestinal flora and AP, and the possible mediating role of immune cell traits, remain unclear.

Methods

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 5,959 participants was conducted to identify genetic instrumental variables associated with 473 intestinal flora taxa. Summary statistics for AP were obtained from the UK Biobank. Immune cell traits were also identified using large-scale GWAS summary data. We employed a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal relationships between intestinal flora, immune cell traits, and AP, with inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the primary statistical method. Sensitivity analyses, including the MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran’s Q test, MR-PRESSO test, and leave-one-out test, were conducted to assess the robustness of our findings. Additionally, we explored whether immune cell traits mediate the pathway from intestinal flora to AP.

Results

11 positive and 11 negative causal relationships were identified between genetic susceptibility in intestinal flora and AP. Furthermore, 19 positive and 9 negative causal relationships were observed between immune cell traits and AP. Notably, CD38 mediated the causal relationship between Bacillus C and AP.

Conclusions

This study is the first to uncover novel causal relationships between various intestinal flora and acute pancreatitis, emphasizing the mediating role of immune cell traits in the pathway from intestinal flora to AP. It also provides new evidence supporting the conditional pathogenicity of the Bacillus genus.
The CML experience to elucidate the role of innate T-cells as effectors in the control of residual cancer cells and as potential targets for cancer therapy
Authors: Decroos Amandine , Meddour Sarah , Demoy Marine , Piccirilli Nathalie , Rousselot Philippe , Nicolini Franck E. , Ragot Stéphanie , Gombert Jean-Marc , Herbelin André , Barbarin Alice , Cayssials Emilie
Published: November 2024

Considering the general view that unconventional immune effectors play a major role in antitumor immunity, we recently postulated that the distinct new innate CD8 T-cell pool (co-expressing the transcription factor Eomesodermin and innate markers such as KIR/NKG2A) may counteract tumor cells, and thereby be potential target for cancer therapy. Here, to test this assumption, we used successfully targeted anti-leukemic therapy discontinuation (TFR) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Numerical and functional status of innate CD8 T-cells, iNKT cells and γδ T-cells, in comparison with NK cells, was compared longitudinally between non-relapsed patients (i.e., with > 12 months TFR) and relapsed patients (i.e., who experienced molecular recurrence during the first 12 months after TKI cessation) in a prospective pilot cohort (n=32), starting from treatment discontinuation (D0). Perforin, a key cytotoxic immune player, was expressed in a significantly higher proportion of both innate CD8 T-cell and NK-cell subsets in non-relapsed patients, compared with relapsed patients at D0. In parallel, we assessed the expression of PD-1, an exhaustion marker used as target in cancer therapy. For all T-cell subsets, surface-expression level of PD-1 decreased in non-relapsed patients compared with relapsed patients at D0. This was particularly the case when considering iNKT cells for which surface-expression level of PD-1 even decreased relative to healthy control subjects. Lastly, we found a negative correlation between the proportion of innate CD8 T-cells expressing PD-1 and those expressing perforin in non-relapsed patients at D0. The fact that this was not the case in conventional CD8 T-cells is compatible with a reprogrammed effector profile preferentially targeting innate CD8 T-cells in non-relapsed patients. All in all, our results highlight NK cells and innate CD8 T-cells harboring cytotoxic content, as well as global downregulation of PD-1-expression on effector T-cells, as potential predictive functional signatures for successful TFR in CML. Considering innate CD8 T-cells, further investigations are needed to determine whether their possible contributory role in cancer surveillance in CML could be extended to other cancers, and also whether their targeting by immune cheek-point inhibitors could enhance their anti-tumoral functions.
Antimicrobial neuropeptides and their therapeutic potential in vertebrate brain infectious disease
Authors: Li Xiaoke , Chen Kaiqi , Liu Ruonan , Zheng Zhaodi , Hou Xitan
Published: November 2024

The defense mechanisms of the vertebrate brain against infections are at the forefront of immunological studies. Unlike other body parts, the brain not only fends off pathogenic infections but also minimizes the risk of self-damage from immune cell induced inflammation. Some neuropeptides produced by either nerve or immune cells share remarkable similarities with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in terms of size, structure, amino acid composition, amphiphilicity, and net cationic charge. These similarities extend to a wide range of antibacterial activities demonstrated in vitro, effectively protecting nerve tissue from microbial threats. This review systematically examines 12 neuropeptides, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), orexin-B (ORXB), ghrelin, substance P (SP), adrenomedullin (AM), calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP), urocortin-II (UCN II), neuropeptide Y (NPY), NDA-1, and catestatin (CST), identified for their antimicrobial properties, summarizing their structural features, antimicrobial effectiveness, and action mechanisms. Importantly, the majority of these antimicrobial neuropeptides (9 out of 12) also possess significant anti-inflammatory properties, potentially playing a key role in preserving immune tolerance in various disorders. However, the connection between this anti-inflammatory property and the brain’s infection defense strategy has rarely been explored. Our review suggests that the combined antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory actions of neuropeptides could be integral to the brain’s defense strategy against pathogens, marking an exciting direction for future research.
Prospects of anti-GD2 immunotherapy for retinoblastoma
Authors: Zhang Xinlong , You Wulin , Wang Yuntao , Dejenie Rebeka , Wang Chenhao , Huang Yan , Li Jingjing
Published: November 2024

Retinoblastoma is the most common type of eye tumor in infants and children. Current treatments for retinoblastoma include intravenous chemotherapy, intra-arterial chemotherapy, intravitreal chemotherapy, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. However, these treatments come accompanied by adverse effects such as the toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, post-operative complications including blindness after surgery, or other complications caused by radiotherapy. Immunotherapy is more promising for its low toxicity on normal cells and effectively improves the quality of life of patients. Disialoganglioside (GD2), a sphingolipid expressed on the surface of retinoblastoma, is a potential therapeutic target for retinoblastoma. We summarized immunotherapeutic approaches for both preclinical studies and clinical trials of GD2. An anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody (Dinutuximab), which has been approved for the treatment of high-risk neuroblastomas, has shown promising efficacy in improving patients’ prognosis. Additionally, chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-T therapy, GD2 vaccines and nanoparticles are also potential therapeutics. Finally, we discuss the prospects and current limitations of these immunotherapeutic approaches for treating retinoblastoma, as well as how to address these problems.
Utilization of cement deep mixing pile for soft soil foundation: a malaysian case study
Authors: Xue Zhiguo , Zhang Wenfeng , Zhao Xiaobo , Meng Fanjie , Qin Fang , Xiao Guliang , Nie Zhenyu , Chen Jiantao
Published: November 2024

Cement deep mixing piles, as representatives of deep mixing technology, are mature and widely applied. However, effective application cases of cement deep mixing piles are relatively scarce in countries like Malaysia in Southeast Asia. In this paper, the application of cement deep mixing pile reinforcement in Malaysia is presented. Solidifying material was selected for deep mixing piles based on the soil conditions using unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. The relationship between the strength of deep mixing piles on-site and soil properties (type, organic matter content, and ion content) was analyzed. And a quality evaluation of the deep mixing piles in the project is conducted based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) tests and relevant standards. Results show that fly ash cement is suitable as a solidifying agent for acidic soil layers containing organic matter in the local area. The strength of piles is significantly related to the soil condition. The UCS of cement mixing piles in silty clay and peat soils is smaller than clay. The overall correlation between organic matter content in the soil and UCS is negative, particularly when the organic matter content ranges from 10% to 14%, resulting in a significant drop in UCS. The bilateral significance probability is greater than 0.05 in K-S test, indicating that the UCS results in the projectconform to a normal distribution. Additionally, the evaluation of the overall quality of the mixing piles aligns with the requirements in the Japanese standard “Manual of Deep Mixing Construction Technology for Harbors and Airports” and the Chinese standard “Technical Code for Building Foundation Detection”.
Efficiency and safety of Buzhong Tiaogan granule for treating the colorectal cancer patients with liver metastasis: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hao Shu-Lan , Zhou Yan-Chen , Li Xiao-Li , Zhong Qi-Ming , Liu Li-Kun , Gao Yu , Wang Xi-Xing , Yang Wen-Hui , Yang Li-Fang
Published: November 2024

Objective

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Buzhong Tiaogan granule (BTG) in treatment of colorectal cancer patients with liver metastasis and provide high-level evidence for clinical practice.

Methods and analysis

This is a prospective, randomized, controlled, multi-center controlled trial. A total of 210 patients diagnosed with spleen deficiency and liver depression, as well as colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) of the stasis and toxin interception type, will be enrolled in the study. The participants will be randomly allocated into two groups: a treatment group that will receive BTG plus conventional first-line anti-tumor therapy and a control group that will receive conventional first-line anti-tumor therapy alone. The primary outcomes are progression-free survival (PFS) and quality of life scores. The secondary outcomes are as follows: (a) overall survival (OS); (b) objective response rate (ORR); (c) liver-specific progression-free survival; (d) disease control rate (DCR); (e) traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score; (f) Piper Fatigue Scale, and (g) Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score. Safety evaluations will be conducted throughout the study period.

Discussion

The results of this trial will provide scientific and objective data necessary for the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of BTG for colorectal cancer patients with liver metastasis.

Clinical trial registration

The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ChiCTR2400084861) on May 27, 2024.
The effect of three urease inhibitors on H. pylori viability, urease activity and urease gene expression
Authors: Shaalan Hanaa , Azrad Maya , Peretz Avi
Published: November 2024

Background

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections is challenged by antibiotic resistance. The urease enzyme contributes to H. pylori colonization in the gastric acidic environment by producing a neutral microenvironment. We hypothesized that urease inhibition could affect H. pylori viability. This work aimed to assess the effects of acetohydroxamic acid (AHA), ebselen and baicalin on urease activity, bacterial viability and urease genes expression in H. pylori isolates.

Methods

Forty-nine H. pylori clinical isolates were collected. Urease activity was assessed using the phenol red method. The urease inhibition assay assessed inhibitors' effects on urease activity. Flow cytometry assessed the effect of inhibitors on bacterial viability. Real time PCR was used to compare urease genes expression levels following urease inhibition.

Results

Urease activity levels differed between isolates. Acetohydroxamic acid inhibited urease activity at a concentration of 2.5 mM. Although baicalin inhibited urease activity at lower concentrations, major effects were seen at 8 mM. Ebselen's major inhibition was demonstrated at 0.06 mM. Baicalin (8 mM) significantly reduced ATP production compared to untreated isolates. Baicalin, ebselen and acetohydroxamic acid significantly reduced H. pylori viability. Increased urease genes expression was detected after exposure to all urease inhibitors.

Discussion

In conclusion, higher concentrations of baicalin were needed to inhibit urease activity, compared to acetohydroxamic acid and ebselen. Baicalin, ebselen and acetohydroxamic acid reduced H. pylori viability. Therefore, these inhibitors should be further investigated as alternative treatments for H. pylori infection.
Microbial communities during the composting process of Agaricus subrufescens and their effects on mushroom agronomic and nutritional qualities
Authors: Wang Chunxia , Wang Dongxia , Li Chao , Ge Zhaopeng , Hao Liubin , Albasher Gadah , Feng Fan , Sun Yue , Lyu Yanfen , Zheng Suyue
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Tunnel composting technology for preparing Agaricus subrufescens cultivation media can achieve a higher biological efficiency (BE) and a lower contamination rate (CR). However, this technology lacks in-depth and systematic study.

Methods

In the present study, the changes in the microbiome and microbial metabolic functions were surveyed using metagenomic analysis. The physicochemical parameters, agronomic properties and nutritional qualities were also evaluated.

Results and discussion

Results showed that the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin dropped to 10.18, 11.58, 27.53%, respectively at the end of composting. The tunnel composting technology led to significant increases in crude protein content (32.56%) and crude fiber content (13.68%). Variations of physicochemical characteristics led to different successions of microbial communities. Bacteria manifested significantly higher abundance than fungi. Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, Chloroffexi and Deinococcota were the predominant bacterial phyla. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal phyla in the thermophilic phase. Pseudonocardia, Truepera, and Thermopolyspora were positively correlated with the yield of A. subrufescens. In addition to TN, most of the physicochemical properties were significantly correlated with fungal communities in the thermophilic phase. The metabolisms of carbohydrate, amino acid and energy were the primary enrichment pathways. These findings deepen the understanding of microbial communities composition during the composting of A. subrufescens substrates. Moreover, this study provides a basis for improving tunnel composting technology.
Enhanced biosorption of cadmium ions on immobilized surface-engineered yeast using cadmium-binding peptides
Authors: Wang Songting , Sun Yongmei , Wang Shihong , Fan Chunkun , Wang Daojie , Liu Fei , Zhang Haiyan
Published: November 2024

A new type of cadmium (Cd) ion cell surface adsorbent was developed by integrating bacteriophage display peptide library technology with cell surface display technology. Cd2+ chelating resin served as the target molecule in screening experiments, leading to the identification of four Cd2+ −binding peptides. These peptides were introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae via the pYD1 plasmid using lithium acetate heat shock transformation. Adsorption efficiency tests indicated that the engineered yeasts adsorbed more Cd2+ than the control strain EBY100 when exposed to the same amount of Cd2+. Among these peptides, sequence 3-containing strain was demonstrated to have the highest Cd2+ adsorption efficiency, being 35% higher than the control strain. Additionally, when this recombinant yeast strain was immobilized using sodium alginate, the adsorption efficiency was increased by 55.7% compared to the control strain.
Harnessing AI for advancing pathogenic microbiology: a bibliometric and topic modeling approach
Authors: Tian Tian , Zhang Xuan , Zhang Fei , Huang Xinghe , Li Minglin , Quan Ziwei , Wang Wenyue , Lei Jiawei , Wang Yuting , Liu Ying , Wang Jia-He
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in pathogenic microbiology has accelerated research and innovation. This study aims to explore the evolution and trends of AI applications in this domain, providing insights into how AI is transforming research and practice in pathogenic microbiology.

Methods

We employed bibliometric analysis and topic modeling to examine 27,420 publications from the Web of Science Core Collection, covering the period from 2010 to 2024. These methods enabled us to identify key trends, research areas, and the geographical distribution of research efforts.

Results

Since 2016, there has been an exponential increase in AI-related publications, with significant contributions from China and the USA. Our analysis identified eight major AI application areas: pathogen detection, antibiotic resistance prediction, transmission modeling, genomic analysis, therapeutic optimization, ecological profiling, vaccine development, and data management systems. Notably, we found significant lexical overlaps between these areas, especially between drug resistance and vaccine development, suggesting an interconnected research landscape.

Discussion

AI is increasingly moving from laboratory research to clinical applications, enhancing hospital operations and public health strategies. It plays a vital role in optimizing pathogen detection, improving diagnostic speed, treatment efficacy, and disease control, particularly through advancements in rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing and COVID-19 vaccine development. This study highlights the current status, progress, and challenges of AI in pathogenic microbiology, guiding future research directions, resource allocation, and policy-making.
How can manufacturers identify the conditions for financially viable product-as-a-service?
Authors: Vogt Duberg Johan , Sakao Tomohiko
Published: November 2024

Introduction

With the much-needed transformation from linear to more circular resource flows, it is imperative for enterprises to understand their financial prospects. Transforming towards Product-as-a-Service (PaaS) with circular elements introduces new considerations that must be addressed to ensure profitability and sustainability. However, there is a lack of comprehensive financial assessments based on empirical cases to guide companies in assessing the lucrativeness of their transformations. This paper addresses this gap by proposing a simple-to-use and flexible financial assessment model for PaaS, helping practitioners identify the conditions necessary for financial viability from both provider and user perspectives.

Methods

Grounded in transdisciplinary research, this study focuses on a construction machine manufacturer's transformation from a traditional one-off sales business model to PaaS. The transformation is analysed through the development of a life cycle costing financial assessment model that addresses relevant cost drivers.

Results

Using discounting methods, the model can help practitioners generate scenarios to identify feasible solutions for profitable PaaS setups. Additionally, the paper presents an analytical procedure to identify conditions for a financially viable PaaS. The procedure includes scenario-based analysis that accounts for systemic changes often necessary for successfully realising PaaS.

Discussion

By following the proposed procedure, along with the financial assessment model, manufacturers can streamline their financial assessments to identify necessary changes. For the analysed case company, the modelling results indicate that it must redesign its products for PaaS to outperform its previous business model.
Predictive effect of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy on the development of cerebral small vessel disease: a retrospective study
Authors: Han Xu , Li Hongyang , Meng Zhaoyang , Wang Yanling
Published: November 2024

Objective

The study aims to determine the correlation between cerebral small vessel diseases (SVDs) and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Additionally, investigate whether NAION raises the risk of an increased total cerebral small vessel disease score (CSVD score) compared to control group without ocular conditions.

Methods

101 controls without any retinal illness and 61 individuals with NAION were enrolled for this retrospective case control study. Ophthalmic examinations and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed on all participants. Data on demographics and clinical characteristics were obtained from hospital medical records. We evaluated and compared the distribution of SVDs and rated the total CSVD score based on SVD indications observed on MRI scans.

Results

SVDs were more frequently in NAION individuals than in control group (82%, p < 0.001), and their odds ratio was 4.11 (95%CI: 1.93–8.79, p < 0.001). The ordinal logistic regression showed patients in NAION group had 3.08-, 5.66- and 2.90-times higher risk than in control group, at each point of the white matter hyperintensity (WMH) score (95%CI: 1.43–6.79, p = 0.003), perivascular spaces (PVS) score (95%CI: 2.31–14.9, p < 0.001) and CSVD score (95%CI: 1.32–6.51, p = 0.005) respectively. Dyslipidemia presented a higher risk in the presence of SVDs (p = 0.008, OR = 2.31, 95%CI: 1.20–4.44) and WHM score (p = 0.018, OR = 2.22, 95%CI: 1.07–4.70). There was no significant difference between NAION group and controls in sex, age, or other past medical characteristics.

Conclusion

The predictive effect of NAION on SVDs is possible as NAION patients have an increased risk with SVDs. Brain MRI scans and the control of risk factors associated with SVDs should be recommended for individuals who develop NAION.
The regulatory effects of bioactive polysaccharides on intestinal function and bile acids: chemical structures, bioactivities, and mechanisms
Authors: Wang Anqi , Xiong Wugui , Li Jing , Hu Yingfan , Zou Liang , Liu Ying
Published: November 2024

Polysaccharides are one of the important components of the human diet, offering a wide range of biological activities, especially in improving inflammation in the digestive system and addressing metabolic diseases. Among all the reported bioactivities of polysaccharides, their regulation effects on intestinal function and bile acids (BAs) are gradually attracting the attention of more researchers. Bile acids, the main components of intestinal lipid digestive fluid, are also key signal factors for metabolic homeostasis and impact overall health. Polysaccharides usually interact directly or indirectly with the gut and gut microbiota to participate in the regulation process of reabsorption, metabolism, and excretion of bile acids in humans, thereby exerting their role in the intervention of human diseases. In this review, we comprehensively reviewed the effects of bioactive polysaccharides on the regulation of intestinal function and bile acids. The chemical structures, bioactivities, and potential mechanisms for their activities were also reviewed. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive reference for future research on the activities and mechanisms of polysaccharides, as well as to offer important strategies and insights for the development of bioactive polysaccharides to prevent inflammatory and metabolic diseases.