bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Porphyrin Production by Corynebacterium diphtheriae Strains from Clinical Isolates
Authors: Alves Gabriela Batista , da Costa Marques Calderari Mônica Regina , da Fonseca Eduardo Nunes , dos Santos Louisy Sanches , de Mattos‐Guaraldi Ana Luiza
Published: August 2024

Porphyrins are intermediate metabolites involved in the biosynthesis of vital molecules, including heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll. Bacterial porphyrins are known to be proinflammatory and are associated with biofilm formation. This study investigated porphyrin production by strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae using emission spectroscopy, high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, diode array detector, and mass spectrometry. Emission spectroscopy revealed characteristic porphyrin emission spectra in all strains, with coproporphyrin III predominating. Qualitative analysis by different chromatographic methods identified coproporphyrin III, uroporphyrin I, and protoporphyrin IX in all strains. Quantitative analysis revealed strain‐dependent coproporphyrin III production. Further studies are required to investigate the relationship between porphyrin production and the virulence potential of Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Discovery of a Highly Promising Disulfide Derivative Scaffold as Inhibitor of SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Protease
Authors: Xu Yin‐Sui , Xiang Yang , Zhai Le , Chen Cheng , Wu Xiao‐Rong , Chen Wei‐Ya , Liu Lu , Zhao Mu‐Han , Liu Xiao‐Long , Yang Ke‐Wu
Published: August 2024

The main protease (Mpro) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) represents a promising target for antiviral drugs aimed at combating COVID‐19. Consequently, the development of Mpro inhibitor is an ideal strategy for combating the virus. In this study, we identified twenty‐two dithiocarbamates (1 a–h), dithiocarbamate‐Cu(II) complexes (2 a‐hCu) and disulfide derivatives (2 a–e, 2 i) as potent inhibitors of Mpro, with IC50 value range of 0.09–0.72, 0.9–24.7, and 15.1–111 μM, respectively, through FRET screening. The enzyme kinetics, inhibition mode, jump dilution, and DTT assay revealed that 1 g may be a partial reversible inhibitor, while 2 d and 2 f‐Cu are the irreversible and dose‐ and time‐dependent inhibitors, potentially covalently binding to the target. Binding of 2 d, 2 f‐Cu, and 1 g to Mpro was found to decrease the stability of the protein. Additionally, DTT assays and thermal shift assays indicated that 2 f‐Cu and 2 d are the nonspecific and promiscuous cysteine protease inhibitor. ICP‐MS implied that the inhibitory activity of 2 f‐Cu may stem from the uptake of Cu(II) by the enzyme. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that 2 d and 1 g exhibit low cytotoxicity, whereas 2 f‐Cu show certain cytotoxicity in L929 cells. Overall, this work presents two promising scaffolds for the development of Mpro inhibitors to combat COVID‐19.
The California Community Colleges dual enrollment student journey: An equitable journey from participation to matriculation?
Authors: Adan Sara , Diaz Amparo , Leal‐Carrillo Nadia , Beer Allison , Lundy‐Wagner Valerie , Lowe Aisha
Published: August 2024

Across the nation, community colleges have expanded dual enrollment programs to increase college enrollment and completion, particularly among historically underserved populations. The California Community College system—the largest system in the nation—is no different and recently expanded its dual enrollment programming to include College and Career Pathways Partnerships, in addition to Middle College High School and Early College High School. This article presents an original analysis of California Community Colleges Chancellor's Office system data to understand the dual enrollment student journey and any equity gaps that might exist in participation and outcomes, including college‐level math and/or English participation and completion, award attainment, and postsecondary matriculation. Though dual enrollment programs can be strategy to support equity, the authors find racial and regional equity gaps persist in both students’ access to these programs and their success. However, practitioners can take action to ensure it is an equitable journey at their school or college.
How they did it: Homeschooled students share their top tips to succeed in dual enrollment and beyond
Authors: Crouch Micheal
Published: August 2024

This article examines how personal characteristics contribute to the success of homeschooled students in dual enrollment programs and their transition to higher education, the workforce, or the military. It emphasizes the effectiveness of metacognitive strategies in improving academic achievement and challenges misconceptions about socialization outcomes. The review also acknowledges diverse motivations, methods, and approaches used by homeschooling families. Empirical evidence reveals that homeschooled students excel academically, exceeding national averages in tests and college performance. Interviews with three homeschooled students in dual enrollment programs highlight the significance of parental involvement, self‐knowledge, time management, collaboration, seeking support, and personal growth through social interactions. The findings emphasize the unique benefits of homeschooling, including flexibility, self‐direction, and skill development. The article concludes by discussing the implications for educational practitioners, urging them to utilize the experiences of homeschooled students to adapt their programs to better support dual credit students as a whole.
Building community college capacity to enhance student success and equity in dual enrollment
Authors: Duncheon Julia C. , Buchanan Shasta
Published: August 2024

This article uses Austin Community College (ACC) as a case study to illustrate how community colleges can build institutional capacity to provide dual enrollment. First, the manuscript synthesizes background literature on the growth of dual enrollment and implications for community colleges. Then, drawing on interviews from relevant stakeholders and institutional data, the authors describe how ACC reorganized internally to streamline dual enrollment structures and processes. In turn the college was able to strengthen partnerships with the school districts, manage growing enrollments, improve the student experience, and prioritize equity.
Exploring the dynamics of concurrent enrollment in rural spaces through the narrative of a small community college
Authors: Ramaeker Rachel , Thornton Zoë M.
Published: August 2024

This article describes the narrative of one small rural community college's concurrent enrollment program, seeking to highlight and make sense of the particular dynamics of operating this type of programing in rural spaces. Dual or concurrent enrollment options can offer students increased access to postsecondary options in rural education deserts, as well as contribute to the economic health of the region through workforce development. However, the same challenges and benefits of rural life also comprise the dynamics within which this programing must operate. The manuscript concludes with recommendations for practice, research, and policy, relevant to both concurrent enrollment program operation and the broader college mission of rural community development.
Two‐year follow‐up of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in low‐risk patients with symptomatic severe bicuspid aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Merdler Ilan , Rogers Toby , Case Brian C. , Zhang Cheng , Gordon Paul , Ehsan Afshin , Parikh Puja , Bilfinger Thomas , Buchbinder Maurice , Roberts David , Hanna Nicholas , Ben‐Dor Itsik , Reddy Pavan K. , Sawant Vaishnavi , Satler Lowell F. , Waksman Ron
Published: August 2024

Background

In 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for low‐risk patients with symptomatic severe tricuspid aortic stenosis. However, bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients were included only in single‐arm registries of pivotal low‐risk TAVR trials, resulting in limited data for this subgroup.

Methods

The LRT (Low Risk TAVR) trial was an investigator‐initiated, prospective, multicenter study and the first FDA‐approved investigational device exemption trial to evaluate the feasibility of TAVR with balloon‐expandable or self‐expanding valves in low‐risk patients with symptomatic severe BAV stenosis. This analysis reports 2‐year follow‐up, assessing the primary outcome of all‐cause mortality and evaluating clinical outcomes.

Results

From 2016 to 2019, a total of 72 low‐risk patients diagnosed with symptomatic, severe BAV stenosis underwent TAVR across six centers. Six patients were lost to follow‐up. At 2‐year follow‐up, mortality was 1.5% (1 of 66 patients). Among the remaining 65 patients, four experienced nondisabling strokes (6.2%), while 2 (3.1%) developed infective endocarditis. No new permanent pacemakers were required beyond the 30‐day follow‐up, and no patients, including those with endocarditis, needed aortic valve re‐intervention. At the 2‐year echocardiography follow‐up (n = 65), 27.8% of BAV patients showed mild aortic regurgitation, with none exhibiting moderate or severe regurgitation. The mean aortic gradient was 12.1 ± 4.1 mmHg, and the mean valve area was 1.7 ± 0.5 cm².

Conclusion

The 2‐year follow‐up confirms commendable clinical outcomes of TAVR in patients with bicuspid aortic stenosis, establishing its evident safety.
Isolated unilateral ptosis as a complication of sinusitis: A case report and literature review
Authors: El Sayed Ahmad Youssef , Kazemizadeh Gol Mohammad Abraham
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Ptosis associated with rhinosinusitis may indicate orbital or cavernous sinus involvement, typically accompanied by various other symptoms. However, isolated ptosis is a rare occurrence. This explains the diverse treatment approaches found in this literature review, ranging from conservative management to surgery. Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis and treatment planning.

Isolated upper lid ptosis is a rare manifestation of acute rhinosinusitis, typically occurring without other neuro‐ophthalmological or orbital signs. This report presents a case of unilateral isolated ptosis in an adult male with acute rhinosinusitis. A 30‐year‐old male with asthma and bipolar disorder, and recent intranasal drug use, presented with nasal congestion, facial pressure, headache, and left eye droopiness. Neurological examination found left ptosis as the only abnormality. Lab results were normal, and COVID‐19 PCR was negative. Imaging showed pansinusitis without complications. The patient received IV antibiotics and steroids, followed by oral antibiotics and steroids. Ptosis resolved within 3 days and did not recur at three‐month follow‐up. Only seven cases of isolated ptosis with rhinosinusitis have been reported, all in males, most recovering with medical therapy alone. This is the first case treated with high‐dose steroids in addition to antibiotics. Isolated ptosis may be due to inflammation of the oculomotor nerve's distal branch or related muscular structures. Isolated ptosis in rhinosinusitis has a favorable prognosis. Imaging is crucial to exclude severe complications. The role of steroids needs further evaluation, and the timing for considering surgery remains to be defined.
Adverse effects from counterfeit and mislabeled medicine containing tapentadol and carisoprodol
Authors: Plæhn Gitte , Fuglsang Thomas , Hindersson Peter , Breindahl Torben
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

When self‐administration with counterfeit or mislabeled medicine is suspected, comprehensive laboratory analysis should be preferred over immunoassay screening to avoid false negative results. Carisoprodol, which was formerly a popular muscle relaxant drug in many countries, has reappeared on illegal drug markets, and may cause an itching, purple‐colored rash, even after a single dose.
Epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma occurrence in the site of previously treated ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: Imaging features with histopathologic correlation, a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Hui Jessica , Zhan Xin , Bashir Amani , Policeni Fabiana , Kim Hsieh Su
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast is an extremely rare biphasic tumor. This report documents the first case of epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma presenting in the location of a previously treated ductal carcinoma in order to increase the awareness of this entity as a potential differential for recurrent breast lesions.

Epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast is an exceedingly rare biphasic tumor, seldom documented in medical literature. This report describes the first known case of this entity at the site of a previously treated neoplasm in a 75‐year‐old female with a history of high‐grade ductal carcinoma in situ who presented with a new breast mass. Imaging demonstrated an oval shaped mass with microlobulated borders and hypoechoic echogenicity on ultrasound. Following multidisciplinary discussion, she underwent a mastectomy, revealing epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma with metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma. The patient began chemotherapy but discontinued due to poor tolerance and neurological complications. Generally, prognosis for epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma (World Health Organization Classification of Breast Tumors 2019, 8562/3) is highly variable, with limited available data suggesting that epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma may follow a course similar to that of breast adenocarcinomas with both hematogenous and lymphatic spread. Treatment typically involves curative excision, though the role of axillary lymph node sampling remains under discussion. This case underscores the need for vigilance in post‐treatment surveillance for breast cancer and highlights the importance of recognizing this entity in recurrent breast pathology.
Right sided posterior diaphragmatic hernia with liver incarceration: A case report
Authors: Alexi Boitsios , Sacha Lacroix , François Jehaes , Benoit Monami
Published: August 2024

Key clinical Message

Right sided posterior diaphragmatic hernias are a rare diagnosis, especially in adult populations. This patient presented with right thoracic pain for 20 years before investigation. Imaging has provided an accurate diagnosis in this case. Repair can be done safely laparoscopically.
Silicalite‐1 Encapsulated Cu‐Based Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation of Maleic Anhydride to γ‐Butyrolactone
Authors: Si Wuqiang , Liu Xuangan , Xu Zhiren , Chen Shuyao , Kou Shunli , Zhang Meixiao , Yao Su , Huang Weiguo , Xing Chuang , Sun Jian
Published: August 2024

γ‐Butyrolactone (GBL) is a crucial product derived from the hydrogenation of maleic anhydride (MA). This study synthesized a Cu@Silicalite‐1 (Cu@S1) catalyst with 20 % Cu loading through a combination of impregnation and solid‐phase synthesis methods. The impact of Cu and Silicalite‐1 zeolite binding techniques on the MA hydrogenation was systematically investigated. The results show MA conversion of 96.2 % and GBL selectivity of 27.6 % at 240 °C, with sustained catalytic activity even after 150 hours of propionic acid corrosion on the Cu@S1 catalyst. The Silicalite‐1 zeolite plays a pivotal role in enhancing MA selective hydrogenation over Cu‐based catalysts, improving GBL selectivity, and minimizing the formation of propionic acid by‐products. The encapsulation of Cu particles by Silicalite‐1 zeolite facilitates improved dispersion of the metal and enhanced adsorption of reactants, thereby serving as a valuable catalyst for enhancing the acid and water resistance in GBL production.
S‐Scheme MnO2/Co3O4 Sugar‐Gourd Nanohybrids with Abundant Oxygen Vacancies for Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven CO2 Reduction
Authors: Jin Linfeng , Yu Hangjing , Wang Chenhui , Guo Changfa , Wabaidur Saikh Mohammad , Zhong Yijun , Hu Yong
Published: August 2024

Converting CO2 to carbon‐based fuels using solar energy via photocatalysis is a promising approach to boost carbon neutrality. However, the solar‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency is hampered by interconnected multiple factors including insufficient light absorption, low separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers as well as complex and sluggish surface reaction kinetics. Herein, we incorporate MnO2 nanowires and Co3O4 hollow polyhedrons with abundant oxygen vacancies (VO) into MnO2/Co3O4 sugar‐gourd nanohybrids for boosting CO2 photoreduction. The MnO2/Co3O4 nanohybrids not only display strong absorption in the visible–near infrared region, but also facilitate the separation of photogenerated carriers in terms of S‐scheme transfer pathway, supplying abundant electrons for CO2 reduction reaction. Furthermore, the presence of VO enhances the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers and promotes the chemical adsorption to CO2 molecules. In addition, the interfacial electronic interaction between MnO2 and Co3O4 also contributes to the chemical adsorption and activation to CO2. Owing to the synergy of S‐scheme transfer pathway and VO, the MnO2/Co3O4 hybrids exhibit greatly enhanced photocatalytic activity towards CO2 reduction under the irradiation of visible light in comparison with bare MnO2 and Co3O4, delivering a CO evolution rate of 15.9 umol g−1 h−1 with a 100 % selectivity.
Dynamic Metabolic Bottlenecks of a Geobacter Sulfurreducens Bioelectrochemical System Studied Using Microfluidics and the Arrhenius Equation
Authors: Khodaparastasgarabad Nastaran , Couture Manon , Greener Jesse
Published: August 2024

To target development of bioelectrochemical systems, we developed an advanced microfluidic method to identify reaction bottlenecks in the metabolic activity of a pure‐culture Geobacter sulfurreducens electroactive biofilm (EAB). The microfluidic system was devised to include perpendicular flow orientation for improved boundary layer uniformity and was combined with an embedded 3‐electrode system to accurately apply a constant potential during the entire experimental duration which lasted se. A 3‐sensor temperature control system provided the basis of accurate temperature pulsing, which modified the EAB metabolic activity over short time intervals relative to the bacterial doubling rate. The system, together with the unique ability to control hydrodynamic, electrochemical, and thermal conditions, was used as the basis for an Arrhenius approach to obtain activation energy barrier values at different growth times, acetate concentrations, and flow rates. The results indicated that bottlenecks in the overall metabolic activity after 1 month of growth time were related to electron transfer through extracellular cytochrome c. After the EAB further matured to 4 months old, the bottleneck appeared to switch to enzyme‐driven acetate oxidation. Based on this hypothesis, we observed after 4‐months, that strong increases in effective enzyme concentration were primarily obtained by increasing flow rate, and secondarily by increasing acetate concentration
Attenuating Nucleophilicity of Titanocene Hydrides Beyond Steric Effects en Route to Fatty Alcohols
Authors: Höthker Sebastian , Goli Harie , Klare Sven , Krebs Tim , Schacht Jonathan H. , Gansäuer Andreas
Published: August 2024

Here, we introduce a new class of titanocene catalysts for epoxide hydrosilylation that frustrates their hydridicity and thereby emphasizes their electron transfer reactivity. This unique attenuation of hydridicity is accomplished by introducing Lewis acidic silicon centers to the cyclopentadienyl ligands for an intramolecular coordination of the titanium‐bound hydride. The superiority of our rationally designed catalysts over classic titanocenes with alkyl‐substituted cyclopentadienyl ligands is demonstrated in the dramatically improved regioselectivity of the hydrosilylation of monosubstituted epoxides to primary alcohols.
Inherently Chiral Oligomers Based on Indole–Benzothiophene Core
Authors: Bonczak Bartlomiej , Grecchi Sara , Niamlaem Malinee , Salinas Gerardo , Cirilli Roberto , Arnaboldi Serena
Published: August 2024

In recent years, transductors of chiral information based on conducting polymers have gained considerable attention. In particular, inherently chiral materials, which allow differentiation between the antipodes of a chiral analyte in terms of energetic variations, are highly desired. In this work, we successfully synthesized a novel inherently chiral oligomer based on an indole–benzothiophene core, namely, 2‐([2,2′‐bithiophen]‐5‐yl)‐3‐(2‐([2,2′‐bithiophen]‐5‐yl)benzo[b]thiophen‐3‐yl)‐N‐methylindole (BTIndT4). The electrochemical characterization evidences a stabilization of electrogenerated radical cations due to the presence of the indole group, which guides the oligomerization, producing well‐ordered polymeric matrices. Furthermore, the in situ electrochemical conductance analysis demonstrates a simultaneous intrachain and interchain transfer of charge carriers. Finally, the highly efficient enantiorecognition capabilities of the antipodes of the oligo‐BTIndT4 films toward the enantiomers of tryptophan and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), as model chiral analytes, were demonstrated.
Surface Defects, Ni3+ Species, Charge Transfer Resistance, and Surface Area Dictate the Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity of Mesoporous NiCo2O4 Thin Films
Authors: Dubai Erik , Wu Qingyang , Lauterbach Stefan , Hofmann Jan P. , Einert Marcus
Published: August 2024

For catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction, earth‐abundant materials with high activity and stability need to be developed. NiCo2O4 has been proven to show high OER activity, however facile and inexpensive techniques for preparation of this compound as mesostructured thin film, possessing a high surface area, is lacking. In this study, the sol‐gel synthesis of nanocrystalline, mesoporous spinel NiCo2O4 thin films by dip‐coating and soft‐templating using the evaporation‐induced self‐assembly approach and utilizing the tri‐block‐copolymer Pluronic® F‐127 as structure‐directing agent is reported. The morphology and crystallographic structure were thoroughly probed by various physicochemical characterization techniques collectively validating the development of uniform mesoporous NiCo2O4 architectures crystallizing exclusively in the cubic spinel phase after calcination in air at ether 300 °C, 400 °C, or 500 °C. The surface area of thin films increased from 300 °C to 400 °C owing to degradation of the organic template, while the growth of the mesopores from 400 °C to 500 °C resulted in significant decline of the overall (electrochemical) surface area. XPS investigations showed that the amount of octahedrally coordinated Ni3+ and defective (low‐coordinated) oxygen species increased for decreasing calcination temperatures. The nanomorphology and presence of catalytically active surface sites of the mesoporous NiCo2O4 electrodes were correlated with the electrochemical properties, presenting that the overall surface area, Ni3+ content, charge transfer resistance, and amount of defective oxygen sites collectively control the OER performance. After an optimized annealing procedure at 300 °C and chronopotentiometric analysis at 10 mA/cm2 for 1.5 h, a low overpotential of 330 mV vs. RHE at 10 mA/cm2 in alkaline solution was achieved. The results highlight the necessity of precise selection of the appropriate calcination temperature and tailoring of the nanostructure and electrochemical pre‐treatment conditions of NiCo2O4 sol‐gel thin films for adjusting the concentration of electrocatalytically active reaction sites.
Perceived Change Processes in Dialectical Behaviour Therapy From the Perspective of Clients With a Diagnosis or Traits of Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Middlehurst Ruth , Moghaddam Nima , Dawson David L. , Reeve Andy
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To synthesise qualitative research on individuals diagnosed with (or reportedly showing traits of) borderline pattern personality disorder who underwent dialectical behaviour therapy, aiming to comprehend their perceptions of change processes and the therapy's effects.

Method

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple online databases and grey literature sources. Papers were quality appraised using an adapted version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. A metaethnographic approach was employed during the synthesis.

Results

Eleven studies met criteria for inclusion in the review. The main themes identified through the synthesis process were the impact of DBT, the supportive structure and the 1:1 therapy component.

Conclusions

The synthesis uncovered the importance of various processes within DBT that patients perceived as active ingredients for their change. Many of these processes aligned with proposed theoretical processes of change and quantitative research on DBT's effectiveness.
High‐selectivity wideband four‐way filtering power divider with input absorptive feature
Authors: Zhang Siran , Liu Hongmei , Wang Zhongbao , Fang Shaojun
Published: August 2024

In the paper, a high‐selectivity wideband four‐way filtering power divider with input absorptive feature is presented. It consists of two parallel‐coupled lines (CLs), two three‐coupled lines (TCLs), two open‐ended stepped branches, one absorptive branch, and two isolation resistors. The wideband filtering response is achieved by cascading the TCLs and CLs. While high selectivity is obtained by loading the open‐ended stepped branch, where two extra transmission zeros are generated. In addition, wide absorptive bandwidth with good isolations between adjacent output ports are realized by combining the absorptive branch with the isolation resistors. Equations are derived by using the two‐parity mode analysis, and main parameters are investigated in detail. For validation, a prototype was designed and fabricated. Test results show that the 3‐dB FBW can reach 87% with a 10‐dB input absorptive FBW of 200%. Besides, for the output ports with 10‐dB return loss and 10‐dB isolation, the FBWs are 94% and 91.5%, respectively. It also features high frequency selectivity and low insertion loss.
Exosomal circ‐0100519 promotes breast cancer progression via inducing M2 macrophage polarisation by USP7/NRF2 axis
Authors: Zhuang Minyu , Zhang Xiaoqiang , Ji Jie , Zhang Hongfei , Shen Li , Zhu Yanhui , Liu Xiaoan
Published: August 2024

Background

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumours that threatens women health worldwide. It has been reported that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in regulating tumour progression and tumour microenvironment (TME) remodelling.

Methods

Differentially expression characteristics and immune correlations of circRNAs in BC were verified using high‐throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Exosomes were characterised by nanoparticle transmission electron microscopy and tracking analysis. The biological function of circ‐0100519 in BC development was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting, RNA pull‐down, RNA immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry, and luciferase reporter were conducted to investigate the underlying mechanism.

Results

Circ‐0100519 was significant abundant in BC tumour tissues and related to poor prognosis. It can be encapsulated into secreted exosomes, thereby promoting BC cell invasion and metastasis via inducing M2‐like macrophages polarisation.Mechanistically, circ‐0100519 acted as a scaffold to enhance the interaction between the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin‐specific protease 7 (USP7) and nuclear factor‐like 2 (NRF2) in macrophages, inducing the USP7‐mediated deubiquitination of NRF2. Additionally, HIF‐1α could function as an upstream effector to enhance circ‐0100519 transcription.

Conclusions

Our study revealed that exosomal circ‐0100519 is a potential biomarker for BC diagnosis and prognosis, and the HIF‐1α inhibitor PX‐478 may provide a therapeutic target for BC.
Genetic erosion in domesticated barley and a hypothesis of a North African centre of diversity
Authors: Civáň Peter , Fricano Agostino , Russell Joanne , Pont Caroline , Özkan Hakan , Kilian Benjamin , Brown Terence A.
Published: August 2024

Barley is one of the founder crops of the Neolithic transition in West Asia. While recent advances in genomics have provided a rather detailed picture of barley domestication, there are contradictory views on how the domestication process affected genetic diversity. We set out to revisit this question by integrating public DNA sequencing data from ancient barley and wide collections of extant wild and domesticated accessions. Using two previously overlooked approaches – analyses of chloroplast genomes and genome‐wide proportions of private variants – we found that the barley cultivated six millennia ago was genetically unique and more diverse when compared to extant landraces and cultivars. Moreover, the chloroplast genomes revealed a link between the ancient barley, an obscure wild genotype from north‐eastern Libya, and a distinct population of barley cultivated in Ethiopia/Eritrea. Based on these results, we hypothesize past existence of a wider North African population that included both wild and cultivated types and suffered from genetic erosion in the past six millennia, likely due to a rapid desertification that ended the Holocene African humid period. Besides providing clues about the origin of Ethiopian landraces, the hypothesis explains the post‐domestication loss of diversity observed in barley. Analyses of additional samples will be necessary to resolve the history of African barley and its contribution to the extant cultivated gene pool.
Masked invader in Iran! Habitat suitability analysis for invasive raccoon (Procyon lotor) in the west of Guilan Province
Authors: Hekmat Amin , Naderi Saeid , Zamani Wahid
Published: August 2024

Nowadays, in addition to the destruction and fragmentation of the world's habitats, invasive species, and damage caused by them, are one of the most important factors in the destruction of ecosystems. The raccoon (Procyon lotor) is a medium‐sized mammal that is placed in mid‐levels of the food web and can affect a wide range of species. Considering the damage done to local ecosystems by this invasive species, habitat assessment and determining the factors affecting its habitat suitability would be a key step in managing this species. In this study, using the MaxEnt model and examining 12 environmental parameters (elevation, slope, aspect, geological units, soil type, vegetation, land use, distance to villages, distance to main roads, distance to waterways, average temperature, and rainfall) in the west of Guilan Province, habitat suitability of this alien species was determined, and the most important factors affecting this suitability were investigated. Results showed that the validity value of the model (AUC) was estimated to be 0.852 and parameters such as distance to village (34.5%), elevation (24.2%), and land use (15.9%) are among the most important and effective factors. Also, the results showed that 0.60% of the study area has high suitability, 6.14% moderate, 24.87% low, and 68.36% unsuitable areas for raccoons. The overall result shows that despite the lack of vast favorable areas for this invasive species, an increase in the number and expansion of this species is very likely because of its omnivorous diet, high adaptability to different environments and conditions, as well as extensive niche. All of these factors cause raccoons to spread further in the region and consequently increase the risks and damages to the native ecosystem.
Plant resistance and predators influence the density dependence of herbivore survival and distribution of herbivory
Authors: Paniagua Montoya Monica , Forde Alexander J. , Inouye Brian , Underwood Nora
Published: August 2024

Plant resistance and predators can influence density‐dependent survivorship and growth of herbivores, and their damage to plants. Although the independent effects of plant resistance and predators on herbivores and herbivory are well known, little is known about their interactive and density‐dependent effects on herbivores and the amount and distribution of damage on plants. These relationships are important for understanding how herbivore and plant populations influence each other. We used a laboratory density‐manipulation experiment to determine how plant resistance (three treatments: jasmonate‐insensitive, unmanipulated wild type, and jasmonate‐sprayed wild‐type plants) and predation (two treatments: predator or no predator) affect the survivorship and growth of an herbivore, as well as per capita damage and the distribution of damage on plants. We found evidence that the density dependence of herbivore survivorship was influenced by predators and an interactive effect of plant resistance and predation. Herbivore growth was reduced by higher plant resistance but was not density‐dependent nor affected by predation. Per capita plant damage was reduced by plant resistance, predation, and herbivore density. The within‐plant distribution of damage became more even with increasing herbivore density but was not affected by predation or the independent effect of plant resistance. The distribution of damage was also affected by an interaction between plant resistance and herbivore density; damage became less aggregated with density across all plant resistance treatments, but the decrease was strongest for the jasmonate‐insensitive plants. These results show that predators influence herbivore density dependence, and that plant resistance can affect the impact of predators on herbivores. Though plant resistance, predation, and herbivore density all reduced per capita herbivore damage to plants, only herbivore density and plant resistance affected the distribution of damage. Distributions of herbivory can influence plant success; documenting patterns of herbivory is an under‐appreciated avenue for integrating effects of plant resistance, predators, and herbivore density on plant–herbivore interactions.
Does habitat modification impact morphology, performance, and inflammatory responses in an amphibian with limited dispersal capacity (Lisssotriton helveticus)?
Authors: Bettencourt‐Amarante Soline , Furet Robin , Abensur Raphaëlle , Herrel Anthony
Published: August 2024

The environment of an organism exerts selective pressures that affect mobility, feeding, reproduction as well as predator–prey and conspecific interactions. Land use changes induced by human activities modify these selective pressures and may result in the adaptation of organisms. Amphibians are ectotherms that typically show a biphasic life cycle with an aquatic and terrestrial phase, which makes them particularly sensitive to environmental change. We studied the impact of habitat modifications on palmate newt populations in the Ile de France region across four types of habitats: urban, mixed, agricultural, and natural with at least two replicates for each habitat type. We measured the morphology of newts using callipers, quantified maximal running and swimming speed and acceleration using high‐speed video recordings, and quantified the swelling of the hind limb linked to an inflammatory reaction. Our results show that in urban habitats, newts are larger and heavier and have a better body condition. Females, moreover, have a larger head in natural habitats, possibly due to diet specialisation of females during the breeding season. In mixed and agricultural habitats, newts have longer limbs and show a tendency to run faster, possibly associated with the selective pressures on movement in mixed habitats. Differences in inflammatory responses were observed between sexes but not habitat types. Overall, our results show differences in morphology and trends for differences in performance in newts living in different habitats suggesting that animals are adapting to human‐induced changes in their environment.
Spiny lobster predation of barrens‐forming sea urchins is not limited by body size, but may be overstated
Authors: Day Jeremy K. , Knott Nathan A. , Swadling Daniel S. , Ayre David , Huggett Megan J. , Gaston Troy F.
Published: August 2024

Worldwide, lobsters are considered key predators that control urchin populations. It has been widely reported that lobster size plays a significant role in the size of urchins they feed on, as does the size of the urchin. Generally, it is thought that small palinurid “spiny” lobsters measuring less than 120 mm carapace length (CL) are morphologically incapable of eating urchins, while large lobsters are voracious predators. Urchin size is expected to affect predation with larger urchins of greater than 90 mm test diameter (TD) presenting the most difficult prey. These generalities, however, have not been quantitatively tested for the eastern spiny lobster Sagmariasus verreauxi and recently the accepted size paradigm for lobsters eating urchins has come into question. The aim of this study was to assess whether lobster predation on urchins would differ with urchin size or species, or the size of lobster. Our results indicate that S. verreauxi does not fit the common lobster patterns regarding urchin predation. There were generally low rates of predation and a significant negative relationship between feeding and both lobster size and urchin size. We found that small lobsters were capable urchin predators with a higher likelihood of eating urchins than larger lobsters, which were more reluctant predators. While we did find the expected effect of smaller urchins being significantly more vulnerable prey, there was none of the expected size limitations for small lobsters eating large urchins and predation did not differ between urchin species, indicating that this was a general pattern. Overall, we observed low rates of predation, suggesting that either S. verreauxi may not be a key urchin predator like other lobster species elsewhere, or that small lobsters are underestimated as urchin predators in temperate marine ecosystems.
An improved preconditioned conjugate gradient method for unconstrained optimization problem with application in Robot arm control
Authors: Muhammad Lawal , Waziri Mohammad Y. , Sulaiman Ibrahim Mohammed , Moghrabi Issam A.R. , Sambas Aceng
Published: August 2024

This work suggests improved conjugate gradient methods for enhancing the efficiency and robustness of the classical conjugate gradient methods. The study modifies the diagonal of the inverse Hessian approximation of the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) quasi‐Newton update in order to build a preconditioner for nonlinear conjugate gradient (NCG) methods applied to large‐scale unconstrained optimization problems. Damping techniques were embedded into the algorithm to impose the positive definiteness of the diagonal approximation. This made the methods easy to use and presented a viable way to increase the effectiveness of unconstrained optimization techniques. Experimental findings from a collection of benchmark problems demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method when compared to five other existing NCG algorithms. Moreover, the successful application of the algorithm to manipulate robotic planar motion control systems with 3 degrees of freedom has been demonstrated, highlighting the practicality of the proposed approach.
Implementing Substrate Treatments to Enhance Adhesion and Facilitate Cyrene as an NMP Alternative for Sustainable Printed Nickel–Manganese–Cobalt‐Based Battery Cathodes
Authors: Roy Ivy Saha , Taponen Harri , Välikangas Juho , Hannila Esa , Lassi Ulla , Fabritius Tapio , Sliz Rafal
Published: August 2024

This study proposes a greener approach for electrode preparation using cyrene, a bio‐derived and fully biodegradable green solvent, as a potential N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone substitute for fabricating high‐performance nickel–manganese–cobalt oxide (NMC88) lithium‐ion battery cathodes by screen‐printing method. This study also investigates the replacement of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder with Arkema Kynar HSV1810 homopolymer, a crucial substitution for enabling the effective utilization of cyrene, addressing the solvent inadequacy associated with PVDF dissolution. Alongside the ink formulation, the electrode preparation process is optimized by investigating current collector surface treatments using plasma, ultraviolet, and citric acid to enhance substrate wetting, leading to improved printability, adhesion, and cathode layer performance. Cyrene‐based screen‐printed NMC cathodes are analyzed using various characterization techniques, including microscopy, optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, adhesion tests, and electrochemical performance tests for assembled batteries. The results demonstrate that cyrene‐based slurries exhibit improved wettability and adhesion on substrates/current collectors when surface treatments are applied. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of cells based on surface‐treated NMC88 electrodes prepared with cyrene shows adequate cycling performance and rate capability. As a proof of concept, the study presents an alternative green and sustainable approach for electrode preparation in screen‐printed Li‐ion batteries using cyrene.
Biochar as a Sustainable Alternative to Pulverized Coal: Comprehensive Analysis of Physicochemical Properties, Combustion Performance, and Environmental Impact
Authors: Liu Yuyan , Sun Wenqiang
Published: August 2024

This study comprehensively evaluates the potential of biochar as a substitute for high‐rank pulverized coal in various aspects including physicochemical properties, combustion performance, environmental emissions, and application costs. Biochar, characterized by its small particle size, reduced emissions, high volatility, elevated calorific value, and facile combustion, emerges as a promising alternative fuel to pulverized coal. Despite a lower ignition temperature, biochar demonstrates superior burnout efficiency and combustion kinetics, as indicated by its lower activation energy compared to pulverized coal. Moreover, considering China's substantial energy consumption, the substitution of coal with biochar could significantly reduce CO2 and SO2 emissions, making it a viable strategy for mitigating environmental pollution. In addition, the application cost of biochar is not higher than that of pulverized coal. This study underscores the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing biochar as a sustainable alternative to high‐rank pulverized coal, offering valuable insights into cleaner and more efficient energy utilization.
The method based on ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy combined with feature variable selection for the boletus species and origins identification
Authors: Ji Zhiyi , Liu Honggao , Li Jieqing , Wang Yuanzhong
Published: August 2024

Wild boletus mushrooms, which are macrofungi of the phylum Basidiomycetes, are a nutritious and unique natural food that is widely enjoyed. Since boletus are consumed with problems of indistinguishable toxic and non‐toxic species and heavy metal enrichment, their species identification and traceability are crucial in ensuring quality and safety of consumption. In this study, the attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy technique combined with three feature variable extraction methods, manual selection method, semi‐manual selection method, and algorithm method, were used to improve the accuracy and computational speed of the model identification, and the models were established for the identification of boletus species with an accuracy of up to 100% as well as for the identification of boletus origin with an accuracy of 86.36%. It was found that the best methods to improve the accuracy of the models were semi‐manual selection, manual selection and algorithmic selection in that order. This study can provide rapid and accurate species identification and origin traceability of wild boletus, and provide theoretical basis for the rational use of feature variable selection methods.
Reality Capturing – Innovativer Einsatz von Drohnen bei der Planung, Dokumentation und Beweissicherung im Spezialtiefbau
Authors: Meißner Simon , Allinger Manuel , Cronen Bernd , Lemmer Manuel
Published: August 2024

Auf dem Gelände der ehemaligen Reemtsma Zigarettenfabrik in Berlin‐Schmargendorf entsteht derzeit das Gewerbehöfequartier GoWest – ein zukunftsorientierter nachhaltiger Gewerbestandort nach historischem Berliner Vorbild. Auf einer Fläche von ca. 50.000 m2 entstehen zwölf Gewerbehöfe mit bis zu sechs Obergeschossen. Das gesamte Quartier wird vollflächig 3‐geschossig unterkellert. Die Sicherung der 14 m tiefen Baugrube erfolgt mit einer Stahlbetonschlitzwand in Verbindung mit einem vorgesetzten Trägerbohlverbau. Die Stahlbetonschlitzwand dient im Endzustand als Außenwand der geplanten Untergeschosse. Bei der Baugrubenplanung und der Dokumentation der Bauausführung kommt ein mittels Reality Capturing erstelltes digitales 3D‐Drohnenmodell des Baufeldes zum Einsatz. Die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten eines solchen Modells werden in diesem Beitrag dargelegt.
Chromosome‐scale genome assembly of the autoalloenneaploid Arundo donax
Authors: Ren Mengmeng , Liu Fupeng , Han Xiaohong , Wu Daohong , Peng Hai
Published: August 2024

Background

Arundo donax L. has great potential as an energy crop due to its high biomass yield and broad adaptability, while lack of a reference genome is a hindrance to genetic improvement efforts for this species.

Methods

Genome assembly of A. donax was conducted by utilizing PacBio SMRT sequencing and high‐throughput chromosome conformation capture technology, with further analysis exploring the plant's ploidy, whole‐genome duplication event, and evolutionary history through comparative genomics.

Results

The genome assembly of A. donax consists of 1.30 Gb with a contig N50 size of 33.15 Mb. A total of 74 403 gene models were identified, with over 90% of genes being functionally annotated. Karyotype and synteny analyses revealed that A. donax is an autoalloenneaploid (3n = 9x = 108) and has experienced significant gene family expansion and two whole‐genome duplication events during its evolutionary history. Furthermore, utilizing the genome assembly, a variety of salinity stress‐related genes were uncovered through the analysis of public RNA‐seq data.

Conclusions

This study presents the initial chromosome‐scale genome assembly of A. donax, which will advance genetic comprehension and support the genetic enhancement of this important energy crop.
Air pollution, viral spread and health outcomes evidence from strikes in France
Authors: Godzinski Alexandre , Suarez Castillo Milena
Published: August 2024

To evidence the impact of air pollution on the health of urban populations, several studies use natural experiments that shift commuting from public transport to cars (or vice‐versa). However, as public transport use declines, reduced interpersonal contact may lead to slower virus spread and thus lower respiratory morbidity. Using a difference‐in‐differences strategy, we show that respiratory hospitalisations are both positively affected by air pollution and negatively affected by viral spread following partial unavailability of public transport due to strikes in the ten most populated French cities during the period 2010–2015. Our results are in line with studies in other countries that have found a significant increase in urgent respiratory hospitalisations following a public transport strike, most likely due to car pollution, but we also find a detectable interaction with viral spread, which should not be overlooked when interpreting these studies.