bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiaspect identification of submerged elastic targets via wave-based matching pursuits and hidden Markov models
Authors: Runkle Paul , Carin Lawrence , Couchman Luise , Bucaro Joseph A. , Yoder Timothy J.
Published: July 2002

This paper investigates classification of submerged elastic targets using a sequence of backscattered acoustic signals corresponding to measurements at multiple target-sensor orientations. Wavefront and resonant features are extracted from each of the multiaspect signals using the method of matching pursuits, with a wave-based dictionary. A discrete hidden Markov model (HMM) is designed for each of the target classes under consideration, with identification of an unknown target effected by considering which model has the maximum likelihood of producing the observed sequence of feature vectors. HMMs are stochastic models which are well suited to describing piecewise-stationary processes, and are appropriate for multiaspect classification due to the strong aspect dependence of the scattered fields for most realistic targets. After establishing the physical and geometric correspondence between multiaspect sensing and the HMM parameters, performance is assessed through consideration of measured acoustic data from five similar submerged elastic targets. Results are presented with and without additive noise.
Edge wave on axis behind an aperture or disk having a ragged edge
Authors: Menounou Penelope , Bailey Michael R. , Blackstock David T.
Published: July 2002

Diffraction by a circular aperture or disk having a ragged edge is investigated. Theory and measurements are reported. The ragged edge is modeled as N arcs, of differing radii ai, each of which contributes a scattered signal to the edge wave on axis behind the aperture or disk. The amplitude of each scattered signal is proportional to the angle of the arc, and the corresponding time delay is ai2+s02 /c0, where s0 is the axial distance from the aperture plane and c0 is the sound speed. Kirchhoff theory is used to make the calculation. A formula is derived for the rms pressure of the edge wave in terms of the rms pressure and autocorrelation function of the incident wave. The formula can be evaluated for incident waves that are sinusoidal, random (e.g., noise), or transient. Predictions agree reasonably well with underwater measurements made with a spark-generated pulse incident on various apertures. The main result is that making the edge ragged reduces the rms pressure of the edge wave. Indeed, an edge profile is presented that, for a given frequency and axial observation point, eliminates the edge wave completely.
On the Origin of Negative Normal Stresses in Sheared or Lyotropic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Chaffey Charles E. , Porter Roger S.
Published: July 2002

In steady shear flow, sustained negative primary normal-stress differences have been reported for several liquid crystalline systems, in most detail for m-cresol solutions of helicoidal polypeptides and for copolyesters. A theoretical model is herewith proposed in which “dumbbell” molecules are constrained from rotating freely in the shear flow by the intermolecular potential that produces liquid crystalline order. In steady state, the molecules are imperfectly aligned, corresponding to a shortening or buckling of molecular layers. The tendency for the layers to straighten toward perfect order causes a compressive force along the streamlines, corresponding to a negative normal stress. For this actually to occur, a dimensionless group (containing the molecular axial ratio, shear rate, solute volume fraction and intermolecular potential) is predicted to be within a restricted range. The experimentally observed range for the polypeptide solutions is wider, probably because of polydispersity (imperfect monodispersity), and the theory underestimates the magnitude of observed negative normal stress. Although the copolyesters must be characterized by different independent variables, again one can identify a dimensionless group such that all the negative normal stresses occur within a restricted range. This simple model identifies dimensionless variables that will be important in any detailed microrheological theory based on calculating the distribution of molecular orientations.
Dynamics of a planar concentrated fiber suspension with non-hydrodynamic interaction
Authors: Toll Staffan , Månson Jan-Anders E.
Published: July 2002

Equations for particle motions and bulk stresses are derived based on a balance of frictional contact forces on a test particle. Very high particle concentrations are considered, so that contact forces dominate and hydrodynamic interaction is negligible. The analysis is restricted to homogeneous flows of statistically homogeneous suspensions in which the particles are planarly oriented and straight. An explicit solution is given for the case where the friction force between contacting particles is proportional to their relative velocity. Particle motion is then essentially affine, and stresses are quadratic in both particle concentration and particle aspect ratio.
Visualization of Parkinsonian Tongue Tremor on Ultrasonography
Authors: Hirose Masakazu , Kitagawa Takamichi , Suenaga Toshihiko
Published: August 2022

This case report describes involuntary trembling of the tongue accompanied by throat discomfort and affected voice quality in a patient with a history of hypertension and ventricular extrasystole.
Long-term Outcomes of Childhood Family Income Supplements on Adult Functioning
Authors: Copeland William E. , Tong Guangyu , Gaydosh Lauren , Hill Sherika N. , Godwin Jennifer , Shanahan Lilly , Costello E. Jane
Published: August 2022

Importance

During an ongoing longitudinal cohort study, a casino opening created a natural cash transfer experiment. Some participating families received income supplements, and others did not. The children in this study are now adults.

Objective

To assess the long-term outcomes of family income supplements received in childhood.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This community-representative longitudinal cohort study set in western North Carolina assessed 1266 participants aged 9, 11, and 13 years at intake up to 11 times up to age 30 years from January 1993 to December 2015. Data were analyzed from January to December 2021.

Exposures

In 1996, a southeastern American Indian tribe implemented a cash transfer program of approximately $5000 annually per person for tribal members. Participants were compared on whether their family ever received the cash transfers (American Indian vs non–American Indian), the duration of the transfers, and annual amount based on the number of parents.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Participants were followed up at ages 25 and 30 years to assess mental health symptoms, substance use symptoms, and functional outcomes (physical health, risky or illegal behaviors, and financial and social functioning).

Results

Of 1266 included participants, 320 (25.3%) were American Indian and 581 (49.7%) were female. Participants whose families received cash transfers during childhood reported fewer anxiety symptoms (relative risk [RR], 0.33; 95% CI, 0.25-0.44), depressive symptoms (RR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.42-0.62), and cannabis symptoms (RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27-0.82). They also reported improved physical health (RR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.55-0.80) and financial functioning (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.89) and fewer risky or illegal behaviors (RR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.46-0.72) compared with those who did not receive the cash transfer. This pattern was supported by a series of heterogeneity analyses in which children whose families received the transfers for the longest duration and whose families received the largest transfer (due to having multiple American Indian parents) had the lowest levels of symptoms and the highest levels of functioning.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this natural experiment, a family cash transfer in childhood was associated with positive adult functioning 20 years later. The findings support programs like the child tax credit or universal basic income that provide cash directly to families with children.
Reproducibility of chestwall and heart position using surface‐guided versus RPM‐guided DIBH radiotherapy for left breast cancer
Authors: Lu Wei , Li Guang , Hong Linda , Yorke Ellen , Tang Xiaoli , Mechalakos James G. , Zhang Pengpeng , Cerviño Laura I. , Powell Simon , Berry Sean L.
Published: August 2022

This study compared the reproducibility of chestwall and heart position using surface‐guided versus RPM (real‐time position management)‐guided deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) radiotherapy for left sided breast cancer. Forty DIBH patients under either surface‐guided radiotherapy (SGRT) or RPM guidance were studied. For patients treated with tangential fields, reproducibility was measured as the displacements in central lung distance (CLD) and heart shadow to field edge distance (HFD) between pretreatment MV (megavoltage) images and planning DRRs (digitally reconstructed radiographs). For patients treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), sternum to isocenter (ISO) distance (StID), spine to rib edge distance (SpRD), and heart shadow to central axis (CAX) distance (HCD) between pretreatment kV images and planning DRRs were measured. These displacements were compared between SGRT and RPM‐guided DIBH. In tangential patients, the mean absolute displacements of SGRT versus RPM guidance were 0.19 versus 0.23 cm in CLD, and 0.33 versus 0.62 cm in HFD. With respect to planning DRR, heart appeared closer to the field edge by 0.04 cm with surface imaging versus 0.62 cm with RPM. In VMAT patients, the displacements of surface imaging versus RPM guidance were 0.21 versus 0.15 cm in StID, 0.24 versus 0.19 cm in SpRD, and 0.72 versus 0.41 cm in HCD. Heart appeared 0.41 cm further away from CAX with surface imaging, whereas 0.10 cm closer to field CAX with RPM. None of the differences between surface imaging and RPM guidance was statistically significant. In conclusion, the displacements of chestwall were small and were comparable with SGRT‐ or RPM‐guided DIBH. The position deviations of heart were larger than those of chestwall with SGRT or RPM. Although none of the differences between SGRT and RPM guidance were statistically significant, there was a trend that the position deviations of heart were smaller and more favorable with SGRT than with RPM guidance in tangential patients.
Dual‐Responsive Supramolecular Antimicrobial Coating Based on Host‐Guest Recognition
Authors: Wang Yiting , Wang Gangyang , Ni Yifeng , Zhou Jiahui , Wang Shuaibing , Gu Yucong , Zhang Dong , Zheng Si Yu , Wu Zi Liang , Zheng Qiang , Zheng Jie , Yang Jintao
Published: August 2022

The adhesion and proliferation of the bacteria on biomedical surfaces have posed a great threat to patients. Developing a class of renewable bactericidal surface with excellent bacteria release capability is crucial for elongating the service life of the biomedical devices. However, releasing the bacteria fast and frequently is usually a trade‐off with releasing them thoroughly and completely regenerating the surface. Herein, a temperature/light dual‐responsive antimicrobial coating is developed. The cyclodextrin (CD)‐contained antifouling macromolecule and the thermal‐responsive azobenzene‐contained macromolecule are assembled on the CDs‐modified surface, combined with additional silver nanoparticles. The surface exhibits low bacteria attachments of 9.30 × 105 cells cm−2 (E. coli, 120 h), high bactericidal efficiency of ≈96.3%. Meanwhile, ≈86.9% of the attached bacteria can be released from the surface rapidly in response to temperature, and the residues can be thoroughly removed by irradiating UV irradiation (release ratio ≈91.0%). The functions of the surface can be resumed by switching the host‐guest network via light regulation. The 3rd regenerated surface still maintains low bacteria density of 12.4 × 105 cells cm−2, bacteria killing ratio of ≈95.0%, and bacteria release rate of ≈95.7%. The work is supposed to provide a new insight into the design of multifunctional antibacterial surface and broaden their applications.
Unraveling the biosynthesis of penicillenols by genome mining polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene clusters in Penicillium citrinum
Authors: Nie Qiuyue , Guo Shuqi , Gao Xue
Published: August 2022

Penicillenols belong to the family of tetramic acids with anticancer and antibacterial activities. Here, we report the discovery of the biosynthetic gene cluster (pnc) for penicillenol A1 and E in Penicillium citrinum ATCC9849 by genome mining. We discover the pnc cluster based on the results of gene deletions in P. citrinum and gene cluster heterologous expression in Aspergillus nidulans. We also propose the assembly line of the polyketide synthase module in PncA with the reduction by PncB provides a highly reduce polyketide chain to be further linked with an l‐threonine molecule and released from PncA to produce penicillenol E. Further formation of penicillenol A1 requires the N‐methylation of tetramic acid group by PncC. Our work deepens the understanding of the biosynthetic logic for N‐methylated tetramic acids and contributes to the discovery of new penicillenols by genome mining.
Unusual Enantiodivergence in Chiral Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation with β‐Alkenyl Allylic Boronates
Authors: Gao Shang , Duan Meng , Andreola Laura R. , Yu Peiyuan , Wheeler Steven E. , Houk Kendall N. , Chen Ming
Published: August 2022

We report herein a rare example of enantiodivergent aldehyde addition with β‐alkenyl allylic boronates via chiral Brønsted acid catalysis. 2,6‐Di‐9‐anthracenyl‐substituted chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed asymmetric allylation using β‐vinyl substituted allylic boronate gave alcohols withRabsolute configuration. The sense of asymmetric induction of the catalyst in these reactions is opposite to those in prior reports. Moreover, in the presence of the same acid catalyst, the reactions with β‐2‐propenyl substituted allylic boronate generated homoallylic alcohol products withSabsolute configuration. Unusual substrate‐catalyst C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions in the favoured reaction transition state were identified as the origins of observed enantiodivergence through DFT computational studies.
A 3D Peptide/[60]Fullerene Hybrid for Multivalent Recognition
Authors: Gallego Iván , Ramos‐Soriano Javier , Méndez‐Ardoy Alejandro , Cabrera‐González Justo , Lostalé‐Seijo Irene , Illescas Beatriz M. , Reina Jose J. , Martín Nazario , Montenegro Javier
Published: August 2022

Fully substituted peptide/[60]fullerene hexakis‐adducts offer an excellent opportunity for multivalent protein recognition. In contrast to monofunctionalized fullerene hybrids, peptide/[60]fullerene hexakis‐adducts display multiple copies of a peptide in close spatial proximity and in the three dimensions of space. High affinity peptide binders for almost any target can be currently identified by in vitro evolution techniques, often providing synthetically simpler alternatives to natural ligands. However, despite the potential of peptide/[60]fullerene hexakis‐adducts, these promising conjugates have not been reported to date. Here we present a synthetic strategy for the construction of 3D multivalent hybrids that are able to bind with high affinity the E‐selectin. The here synthesized fully substituted peptide/[60]fullerene hybrids and their multivalent recognition of natural receptors constitute a proof of principle for their future application as functional biocompatible materials.
Development of a mycolic acid‐graphene quantum dot probe as a potential tuberculosis biosensor
Authors: Kabwe Kapambwe P. , Nsibande Sifiso A. , Pilcher Lynne A. , Forbes Patricia B. C.
Published: August 2022

The development of amine‐functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) linked to mycolic acids (MAs) as a potential fluorescent biosensor to detect tuberculosis (TB) biomarkers is described. GQDs have attractive properties: high fluorescence, excellent biocompatibility, good water solubility, and low toxicity. MAs are lipids that are found in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that are antigenic, however, they are soluble only in chloroform and hexane. Chloroform‐soluble MAs were covalently linked to synthesized water‐soluble GQDs using an amide connection to create a potential fluorescent water‐soluble TB biosensor: MA‐GQDs. Fluorescence results showed that GQDs had a narrow emission spectrum with the highest emission at 440 nm, while MA‐GQDs had a broader spectrum with the highest emission at 470 nm, after exciting at 360 nm. The appearance of the peptide bond (amide linkage) in the Fourier‐transform infrared spectrum of MA‐GQDs confirmed the successful linking of MAs to GQDs. Powder X‐ray diffraction exhibited an increase in the number of peaks for MA‐GQDs relative to GQDs, suggesting that linking MAs to GQDs changed the crystal structure thereof. The linked MA‐GQDs showed good solubility in water, high fluorescence, and visual flow through a nitrocellulose membrane. These properties are promising for biomedical fluorescence sensing applications.
Nomograms and scoring system for forecasting overall and cancer‐specific survival of patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Lin Changming , Zhu Lian , Zhang Rentao , Cheng Lei , Chang Yuanyuan
Published: August 2022

Background

Estimated life expectancy is one of the most important factors in determining treatment options for prostate cancer (PCa) patients. However, clinicians have few effective prognostic tools to individually assess survival in patients with PCa.

Methods

We screened 283,252 patients diagnosed with PCa from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2015, and randomly divided them into the training and validation groups. We used univariate and multivariate Cox analyses to identify independent prognostic factors and further established nomograms to predict 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) for PCa patients. The prediction performance of nomograms was tested and externally validated by Concordance index (C‐index) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used for internal validation. We further developed PCa prognostic scoring system based on the impact of available variables on survival.

Results

The variables age, race, marital status, TNM stage, surgery method, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, PSA value, and Gleason score identified as independent prognostic factors were included in the survival nomograms. The results of training (C‐index: OS = 0.776, CSS = 0.889; AUC value: OS = 0.772–0.802, CSS = 0.892–0.936) and external validation (C‐index: OS = 0.759, CSS = 0.875) indicated our nomograms had good performance in predicting 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year OS and CSS prediction. Internal validation using the calibration curves and DCA curves demonstrated the effectiveness of the prediction models. The prognostic scoring system was more effective than the AJCC staging system in predicting the survival of PCa patients, especially for OS.

Conclusion

The prognostic nomograms and prognostic scoring system have favorable performance in predicting OS and CSS of PCa patients. These individualized survival prediction tools may contribute to clinical decisions.
Omalizumab for the treatment of severe allergic asthma in children: A tale of two
Authors: Brannick Sinéad , McDonald Mary , Greally Peter , Elnazir Basil , Ahmareen Oneza
Published: August 2022

Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody which targets immunoglobulin E. It is approved as an add‐on therapy for children with severe allergic asthma. Assessment of endotype and phenotype is necessary in order to correctly identify those patients who are most likely to respond to omalizumab. Children with severe asthma represent a complex heterogeneous group. This report outlines the background, management, and outcomes for two children initiated on omalizumab for severe allergic asthma in Children's Health Ireland at Tallaght. It demonstrates the difficulties faced by this cohort and the positive impact targeted biological therapy can have. Given the substantial cohort of children with asthma attending our tertiary center, it also indicates that comprehensive stepwise care can achieve adequate control in the vast majority of cases without the requirement for additional therapies.
Altered asymmetries of resting‐state MRI in the left thalamus of first‐episode schizophrenia
Authors: Liu Sha , Guo Zhenglong , Cao Hongbao , Li Hong , Hu Xiaodong , Cheng Long , Li Jianying , Liu Ruize , Xu Yong
Published: August 2022

Background

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex psychiatric disorder associated with widespread alterations in the subcortical brain structure. Hemispheric asymmetries are a fundamental organizational principle of the human brain and relate to human psychological and behavioral characteristics. We aimed to explore the state of thalamic lateralization of SCZ.

Methods

We used voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) analysis, whole‐brain analysis of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (fALFF), and resting‐state seed‐based functional connectivity (FC) analysis to investigate brain structural and functional deficits in SCZ. Also, we applied Pearson's correlation analysis to validate the correlation between Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) scores and them.

Results

Compared with healthy controls, SCZ showed increased gray matter volume (GMV) of the left thalamus (t = 2.214, p = 0.029), which positively correlated with general psychosis (r = 0.423, p = 0.010). SCZ also showed increased ALFF in the putamen, the caudate nucleus, the thalamus, fALFF in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and the caudate nucleus, and decreased fALFF in the precuneus. The left thalamus showed significantly weaker resting‐state FC with the amygdala and insula in SCZ. PANSS negative symptom scores were negatively correlated with the resting‐state FC between the thalamus and the insula (r = −0.414, p = 0.025).

Conclusions

Collectively, these results suggest the possibility of aberrant laterality in the left thalamus and its FC with other related brain regions involved in the limbic system.
Termanalia arjuna Waste Biomass‐Derived Porous Activated Carbons for Efficient CO2 Capture
Authors: Mallesh Dosali , Swapna Shobanaboyina , Rajitha Paka , Lingaiah Nakka
Published: August 2022

Sustainable activated carbons (ACs) with high specific surface areas were successfully prepared from Termanalia arjuna (TA) biomass using H3PO4 as activating agent in a simple two‐step activation‐carbonization procedure. The effects of the synthesis parameters on their CO2 capture ability were also examined. The ratio of biomass to activating agent mass was 1:3, and the carbonization at 800 °C for 4 h exhibited a great potential for CO2 uptake. Maximum CO2 uptake was achieved under ambient conditions. Recyclability up to five cycles with marginal change could be achieved. The high performance of CO2 adsorption capacity is due to better microporosity and the presence of basic oxygen functional groups on the carbon surfaces.
A Novel Perspective on Surface Modification of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Cathode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yang , Song Ye , Liu Lin , Ma Juanjuan , Liu Jie
Published: August 2022

High nickel ternary cathode materials have caught much consideration because of their remarkable energy density, cycling stability, and low pollution. However, the materials with the instability of nickel are prone to crack during long‐term cycling processes; secondly, the residual alkali on the surface of materials would react with the electrolyte to corrode the electrode. To solve the above problems, the particle surface is usually coated with a protective layer of Al2O3 with good compatibility and thermal stability. But this method is relatively complicated and produces toxic organic solvents. In addition, the thick coating layer increases the charge transport resistance and decreases the lithium‐ion transport rate. Herein, we design a novel surface modification strategy: nano‐Al2O3 is loaded on the micro‐particles to form a series of stable points to improve the stability of the interface boundary, while the charge transmission impedance does not change significantly. As a result, the lithium‐ion transmission coefficient is greatly improved, whose capacity retention rate is still up to 86.17 % at 1 C after 100 cycles. This surface modification strategy is simple to operate and low in cost, which could meet industrial mass production.
The first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic and health among cancer survivors in the United States
Authors: Han Xuesong , Shi Sylvia Kewei , Zhao Jingxuan , Nogueira Leticia M. , Bandi Priti , Fedewa Stacey A. , Jemal Ahmedin , Yabroff K. Robin
Published: August 2022

Background

Cancer survivors represent a population with high health care needs. If and how cancer survivors were affected by the first year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic are largely unknown.

Methods

Using data from the nationwide, population‐based Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2017–2020), the authors investigated changes in health‐related measures during the COVID‐19 pandemic among cancer survivors and compared them with changes among adults without a cancer history in the United States. Sociodemographic and health‐related measures such as insurance coverage, employment status, health behaviors, and health status were self‐reported. Adjusted prevalence ratios of health‐related measures in 2020 versus 2017–2019 were calculated with multivariable logistic regressions and stratified by age group (18–64 vs. ≥65 years).

Results

Among adults aged 18–64 years, the uninsured rate did not change significantly in 2020 despite increases in unemployment. The prevalence of unhealthy behaviors, such as insufficient sleep and smoking, decreased in 2020, and self‐rated health improved, regardless of cancer history. Notably, declines in smoking were larger among cancer survivors than nonelderly adults without a cancer history. Few changes were observed for adults aged ≥65 years.

Conclusions

Further research is needed to confirm the observed positive health behavior and health changes and to investigate the role of potential mechanisms, such as the national and regional policy responses to the pandemic regarding insurance coverage, unemployment benefits, and financial assistance. As polices related to the public health emergency expire, ongoing monitoring of longer term effects of the pandemic on cancer survivorship is warranted.
Rose Bengal Immobilized on Cellulose Paper for Sustainable Visible‐Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Nongbe Medy C. , Abollé Abollé , Coeffard Vincent , Felpin François‐Xavier
Published: August 2022

This work reports the heterogenization of Rose Bengal dye on simple cellulose paper sheets (Cell‐RB) through copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne click ligation. The photocatalytic properties of Cell‐RB under green LED irradiation were evaluated in a series of dehydrogenative transformations for the functionalization of N‐aryltetrahydroisoquinolines and quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones. The excellent photocatalytic activities observed, associated to the ease of recovery with simple tweezers, highlight the strong assets of Cell‐RB with respect to traditional homogeneous organic photocatalysts.
Bipolar Fuzzy PROMETHEE‐based Decision‐Making Trust Model for guaranteeing data dissemination reliability in Internet of Things
Authors: Duraisamy Vendhan , Amalraj Miruna Joe Amali Suthanthira , Ramaiah Alageswaran
Published: August 2022

Internet of Things (IoT) is the rapidly growing domain that facilitates seamless connectivity to physical objects that makes them suitable and ideal entity of smart environment. The enforcement of trust between the physical objects is essential for completely utilizing the significant potentiality of these connected IoT objects. The traditional security strategies are not potent enough in provisioning comprehensive protection to the smart world. In this paper, Bipolar Fuzzy PROMETHEE‐based Decision‐Making Trust Model (BFPSMTM) is proposed for determining the outranking class that aids in superior trust estimation of interconnected IoT objects to guarantee reliable data dissemination. This BFPSMTM adopted different preference functions depending on the nature and type of criteria or attributes considered for evaluating the trust of the IoT objects during data dissemination. It utilized bipolar fuzzy number for assessing trust that represents an asymmetrical associated between the different judgmental factors considered for decision making. It represented the bipolar linguistic terms into trapezoidal bipolar fuzzy numbers to handle the issue of imprecise and vague knowledge during trust computation. It utilized a trapezoidal bipolar fuzzy number‐based ranking function and identified the crisp real preferences of trusted IoT objects during data dissemination. It incorporated an entropy weighting information and computed the attribute weights based on the normality condition to prevent bias during trust estimation. The results of BFPSMTM confirmed improved throughput of 22.18%, reduced delay of 20.86%, minimized energy consumption of 19.32%, and better packet forwarding rate of 19.84%, with different number of IoT objects in the environment.
Structural characterization of functional peptides by extending the hybrid orbital theory
Authors: Zhong Jun , Ren Jiaoyan
Published: August 2022

In recent years, food‐derived functional peptides have received more and more attention because of their low toxicity, which is different from drugs. This study was based on the theory that hybrid orbitals play an important role in chemical reactions. While preserving the original physical information, a descriptor called hybrid orbitals and atomic characteristics was designed to explore the relationship between hybrid orbitals, electronegative atoms, and the function of food‐derived peptides. The classification effects of support vector machines and K‐nearest neighbor are compared and selected by machine learning KNN algorithm to predict the function of food‐derived functional peptides, including inhibitors of angiotensin‐converting enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase IV, antioxidant peptides, and antibacterial peptides, the accuracy of prediction and the area under curve value were about 0.8. Comparing the result of using hybrid orbital and electronegative atoms to predict the function of peptides, respectively, it was found that the hybrid orbital is more closely related to the function of the peptide. This study revealed that the application of hybrid orbital theory to the research of food‐derived peptides is of positive significance.
RETRACTED: Multi‐objective metaheuristic optimization‐based clustering with network slicing technique for Internet of Things‐enabled wireless sensor networks in 5G systems
Authors: Sheena B. Gracelin , Snehalatha N.
Published: August 2022

Presently, 5G communication networks have become successful in achieving maximum data rage, and different Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been employed for data collection in 5G networks. Since IoT‐enabled WSN are considered as the major supporting technology for 5G networks, energy efficiency and network slicing remain challenging issues. This study designs a novel multi‐objective improved seagull optimization‐based clustering with network slicing (MOISGO‐CNS) technique for IoT‐enabled WSN in 5G Systems. The goal of the MOISGO‐CNS technique is to construct clusters to accomplish energy efficiency and perform network slicing to balance load in 5G systems. The MOISGO‐CNS technique encompasses two major stages namely ISGO‐based clustering and IGSO with bidirectional long short‐term memory (BiLSTM) based network slicing. The IGSO‐based clustering technique derives a fitness function involving three parameters namely two‐hop connectivity ratio (2‐HCR), remaining energy, and link quality. Besides, the network slicing process includes the design of ISGO algorithm to optimally select the hyperparameters and attain maximum slicing classification performance. A wide range of experiments was carried out and the obtained results demonstrate the supremacy of the MOISGO‐CNS technique over the recent approaches. From experimental results the proposed model attained 95.261% of accuracy, 7.89 ms of End‐to‐End Delay, 14.80% of Packet Loss Ratio, and 85.20% of Packet Delivery Ratio.
Timing estimation of multiple hyperbolic frequency‐modulated signals based on multicarrier underwater acoustic communication
Authors: Cui Xuerong , Yan Peihao , Li Juan , Zhang Hao , Li Shibao , Liu Jianhang
Published: August 2022

Underwater acoustic channel is much more complex than radio channel. Background noise, multipath extension, and Doppler frequency shift are all factors that affect high‐speed and stability for underwater communication. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a modulation technology with high spectrum efficiency and strong anti‐multipath ability, usually used in high‐speed underwater acoustic communication. Signal arrival time detection and timing estimation before receiving data is an essential module in an underwater communication system. Timing estimation error will seriously affect the demodulation of the signal. In order to solve the problem of a complex channel environment in underwater acoustic communication system, a timing estimation method is proposed based on multiple hyperbolic frequency‐modulated (MHFM) signals. In order to improve the performance of underwater acoustic communication systems, this article proposes an iterative method of correlation‐sum‐mean absolute error (MAE) based on hyperbolic frequency‐modulated (HFM). The simulation results show that the proposed method can provide better performance and higher timing estimation accuracy under the conditions of low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and Doppler effect under oceanic noise channel and Doppler spread channel.
Obstetric Violence: An Intersectional Refraction through Abolition Feminism
Authors: van der Waal Rodante , Mayra Kaveri , Horn Anna , Chadwick Rachelle
Published: August 2022

Obstetric violence, a term coined by activists in Latin America to describe violence during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum, is a controversial feminist term in global health policymaking as well as in obstetric and midwifery practice and research. We reflect on the term both theoretically and autoethnographically to demonstrate its feminist value in addressing the problem of violence as embedded within the obstetric institution.

We argue that obstetric violence as an activist and critical feminist concept can only be effective for change when it is clearly understood as institutionalized intersectional violence. Therefore, we propose an abolitionist framework for further study. Through this lens, we refract the concept of obstetric violence as institutionalized, intersectional, and racializing violence by (1) making an abolitionist historiography of the obstetric institution, and (2) centering anti‐Black obstetric racism as the anchor point of obstetric violence, where the afterlife of slavery, racial capitalism, the impact of systemic racism, and the consequences of patriarchal biopolitics come together.

Abolition provides a unique approach to study obstetric violence since it not only refuses and dismantles violent institutions, but specifically focuses on building futures out of existing alternative practices toward a life‐affirming world of care. We locate the abolitionist futures of maternity care in Black, Indigenous, and independent doula and midwifery practices.
Ourselves, with Dementia
Authors: Dresser Rebecca
Published: August 2022

Fear of dementia leads some people to demand an opportunity to choose death over life with the illness. They want the power to make advance euthanasia directives and to refuse hand feeding at some point in the dementia process. But the choices we make in advance aren't always suited to the people we become. Experts and family members say people with dementia often adapt, becoming content with their lives. People should care about their future selves with dementia. Their advance instructions about dementia care should give others freedom to respond to the up‐to‐date information required for good medical decision‐making.
Ethics of a Mandatory Waiting Period for Female Sterilization
Authors: Amalraj Jessica , Arora Kavita Shah
Published: August 2022

Due to a history of coerced sterilization, a federal Medicaid sterilization policy mandates that a specific consent form be signed by a patient at least thirty days prior to when the patient undergoes sterilization. However, in contemporary obstetrical practice, the Medicaid sterilization policy serves as a policy‐level barrier to autonomously desired care. We review the clinical and ethical implications of the current Medicaid sterilization policy. After discussing the utility and impact of waiting periods for other surgical procedures, we explore the psychology of time required for decision‐making and consider scientific understanding of regret. We argue that the current Medicaid sterilization waiting period is clinically and ethically unjustifiable and that the policy ought to be revised in light of the goals, preferences, and concerns of the people most affected by it. While the need for continued protection against coercion remains, the current mandated waiting period does little to enforce the high‐quality shared decision‐making that is desired for sterilization counseling.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms associated multimodal brain networks in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Kaicheng , Zeng Qingze , Luo Xiao , Qi Shile , Xu Xiaopei , Fu Zening , Hong Luwei , Liu Xiaocao , Li Zheyu , Fu Yanv , Chen Yanxing , Liu Zhirong , Calhoun Vince D. , Huang Peiyu , Zhang Minming
Published: August 2022

Concomitant neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are associated with accelerated Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Identifying multimodal brain imaging patterns associated with NPS may help understand pathophysiology correlates AD. Based on the AD continuum, a supervised learning strategy was used to guide four‐way multimodal neuroimaging fusion (Amyloid, Tau, gray matter volume, brain function) by using NPS total score as the reference. Loadings of the identified multimodal patterns were compared across the AD continuum. Then, regression analyses were performed to investigate its predictability of longitudinal cognition performance. Furthermore, the fusion analysis was repeated in the four NPS subsyndromes. Here, an NPS‐associated pathological–structural–functional covaried pattern was observed in the frontal‐subcortical limbic circuit, occipital, and sensor‐motor region. Loading of this multimodal pattern showed a progressive increase with the development of AD. The pattern significantly correlates with multiple cognitive domains and could also predict longitudinal cognitive decline. Notably, repeated fusion analysis using subsyndromes as references identified similar patterns with some unique variations associated with different syndromes. Conclusively, NPS was associated with a multimodal imaging pattern involving complex neuropathologies, which could effectively predict longitudinal cognitive decline. These results highlight the possible neural substrate of NPS in AD, which may provide guidance for clinical management.
Liquidity constraints, cash transfers and the demand for health care in the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Belchior Carlos Alberto , Gomes Yara
Published: August 2022

This paper proposes the hypothesis that liquidity constraints may delay or even prevent sick individuals from seeking medical help. If this is the case, a cash transfer can directly increase the demand for medical care. We evaluated this hypothesis empirically in the context of the implementation of Emergency Aid (EA), a large‐scale cash transfer program in Brazil, during the Covid‐19 pandemic. We used the program's implementation calendar along with a Regression Discontinuity in Time to assess the causal effects of EA on the search for the health system. Consistent with our hypothesis, we estimate that the transfer immediately decreased the time to search for the health system by 14% and increased COVID‐19 hospitalizations by 0.015%.
Spectral quasilinearization method for Sisko nanofluid past a stretching cylinder with activation energy and entropy generation effects subject to variable thermal conductivity
Authors: Samanta Anjan , Mondal Hiranmoy
Published: August 2022

This article focuses on how activation energy and entropy generation affect the parameters involved in Sisko nanofluid with the presence of a stretching cylinder. Spectral quasilinearization method is applied to solve the ordinary differential equations representing the flow equations to have a highly accurate solution. Furthermore, all the parameters involved are graphically analyzed to see the behavior of velocity, temperature, and concentration behavior under different circumstances. With the increment of heat generation parameter, Sisko nanofluid shows an increasing nature in concentration unlike base fluids. Thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects are observed to be different than usual, especially in nearby wall zones due to activation energy and entropy terms being introduced on a stretching cylinder medium.
A comparative performance and emission investigation CI engine fuelled with neem oil esters with varying engine compression ratios
Authors: Srinidhi Campli , Jawale Mayur , Utikar Vedant , Jadhav Shraddha , Acharya Madhusudhan , Arakerimath Rachayya , Hole Jitendra A. , Channapattana Shylesh V.
Published: August 2022

The current exploration of alternative fuels to conventional engines is tested on two fronts: the thermophysical property assessment and the other, real‐time evaluation using engine testing using the fuel. The engine testing fueled with modified oils/esterified blends does give real‐time analysis but at the cost of harmful emissions dumped into the polluted environment. The current work describes the use of possible simulations and the validity of simulation confirmed from real‐time experimentation at varying engine compression ratios (CRs). Engine parameters were kept the same for simulations that were performed on the Diesel RK module and experimental analysis. Neem oil blends were prepared and tested for the composition of FFA and later the required properties were supplemented to software for possible thermal performance and emission detections. The thermal efficiency deviation observed between RK model and experimental values for CR 18 for Diesel, B20, B40, and B100 was 5.8%, 1.9%, 3.4%, and 2.1%, respectively, and for NOx, the deviation observed for Diesel, B20, B40, and B100 was 8.9% and 13.7%, 12.2% and 14.1%, and 9.4% and 11.1%, respectively. The peak HRR and cylinder pressures observed for software simulations and real‐time experimental approaches did not vary much, but the peak values do differ by 6.7% and 4.7%, respectively.
An experimental investigation of a desalination system based on an evacuated tube collector coupled with a heat exchanger
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek , Agrawal Anshu , Kumar Amit
Published: August 2022

According to the report published on global water stress, the world will face a huge water crisis by 2040, due to continuous decay of freshwater resources and an increasing population of human beings. To fulfill this increasing demand for freshwater, we need to find a new source. As the sea contains most of the water available on earth, desalination of sea water can be a solution. Furthermore, the use of solar energy for desalination process can make it a sustainable solution. This is why it is very important to work on solar thermal desalination system. In recent years, a lot of research has been reported on solar still integrated with evacuated tube collector (ETC) to improve its efficiency and productivity. But the problem of salt deposition in evacuated tubes was very common in these systems. So in the present work, a new solar thermal desalination system based on ETC is developed. In the present system, ETC is integrated with a storage tank, which further has a heat exchanger. Therminol 55 is used as a working fluid, which transfers heat from ETC to saline water. System performance is evaluated in terms of productivity, energy efficiency, exergy efficiency and economic feasibility. The productivity of the system is 4.2 L/m2/day. The average energy efficiency delivered by the system is 43.92% and average exergy efficiency to be 9.53%. The maximum mass flow rate of thermic fluid is 0.003962 kg/s. The freshwater production cost by the desalination system is 0.022 $/L.
Nuclear AREG affects a low‐proliferative phenotype and contributes to drug resistance of melanoma
Authors: Seefried Felix , Haller Lucia , Fukuda Shinji , Thongmao Aranya , Schneider Nadja , Utikal Jochen , Higashiyama Shigeki , Bosserhoff Anja Katrin , Kuphal Silke
Published: August 2022

AMPHIREGULIN (AREG) is a multifaceted molecule, which acts not only as an extracellular ligand for EGF receptor (EGFR), but also as an intracellular signaling molecule. It remains elusive, however, whether AREG has a tumor suppressive or oncogenic role in melanoma. Here, we found that several melanoma cell lines express AREG, but the expression does not correlate with that of EGFR. Recombinant AREG and the neutralizing antibody experiments showed that intracellular AREG plays an important role in melanoma, implying a divergent function of AREG in addition to the role as a ligand for EGFR. Further investigation of this mechanism revealed that particularly nuclear‐localized AREG regulates IGF‐1R, P21 (Cip1/Waf1), TP53 and JARID1B protein accumulation in the nucleus. Furthermore, manipulation of nuclear AREG levels has influence on heterochromatin condensation (HP1beta, SETDB1) and trimethylation of histones H3K9 and H3K4. As these molecules correspond to previously identified markers for slow‐cycling drug resistant cells, we speculate that nuclear AREG predisposes cells to resistance to therapy. According to the hypothesis, we detected the accumulation of AREG in the nucleus of SK‐Mel‐28‐VR, which was cultured under Vemurafenib (VR) selection pressure, and this correlates with JARID1B expression. Here, knockdown of AREG makes the previously resistant cells more sensitive to VR treatment, resulting in inhibited proliferation. Taken together, we suggest that nuclear AREG affects a slow‐cycling phenotype and increases resistance to VR, raising a possibility that AREG might be a potential therapeutic target for resistance in melanoma.
Effect of metal oxide nanoparticles on the activity of glutathione reductase, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in plants under drought
Authors: Jahantab Esfandiar , Farzadmehr Jalil , Matinkhah SayedHamid , Mohammad Abadi Nikoo Taheri , Shafeiyan Elham , Yazdanshenas Habib
Published: August 2022

There is no accurate information on the effect of metal oxide nanoparticles (MO NPs) on plant enzymatic activities (EAs) under drought stress (DS). The aim of this work was to study the effect of MO NPs on the EAs of Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn and Sanguisorba officinalis L. under DS. Foliar spray of silver oxide (AgO), iron oxide (FeO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and cadmium oxide (CdO) at levels of 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg L−1 were used on plant aerial parts under DS levels of 25–100% field capacity (FC). Glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured after 2 weeks of the experiment. The EAs changes varied depending on the plant species, levels of DS, types and levels of NPs. Application of 30–60 mg L−1 MO NPs under 25–50% FC significantly reduced EAs, especially in S. officinalis (P < 0.01). Higher concentrations of MO NPs significantly increased EAs. Decreases in CAT (20.90%, 18.80%), POD (21.30%, 17.67%) and SOD (23.14%, 16.88%) were observed using 60 mg L−1 ZnO NPs under 25–50% FC in S. officinalis and A. cristatum, respectively. High concentrations of CdO NPs (90–120 mg L−1) increased EAs (max. = 24.0%) in both species under 25% FC.