bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol Prevents Cataract Formation by Inhibiting Pro-inflammatory Mediator-induced Dysregulation of Lens Calcium
Authors: Manikandan R.
Published: July 2020

The effect of resveratrol, a free radical scavenger, during cataract development was evaluated in the Wistar rat pup model. This study investigated the possible free radical scavenging potential of resveratrol at 40 mg/ kg body wt dose in selenite-induced cataract in rat pups. Intraperitoneal injection of sodium selenite (15 µm mol/ kg body wt) in 8 to 10 day old rat pups lead to severe oxidative stress in the tissues evidenced by decreased antioxidants and increased lipid peroxidase, nitric oxide, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical generation, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) expression levels that probably led to cataract formation. Selenite exposure also caused an increase in total calcium in the eye lens and significantly inhibited the activity of Ca2+ ATPase but not Na+/ K+ ATPase or Mg2+ ATPase. However, both pre- and co-treatments with resveratrol, but not post-treatment, led to an increase in antioxidant levels with a concomitant reduction in oxidative stress and also rescued the selenite-mediated increase in lens Ca2+ and inhibition of Ca2+ ATPase activity in the eye lens. The results of this study demonstrate antioxidants decrease and increase in free radical generation triggered by selenite causes the inactivation of lens Ca2+ ATPase leading to a rise in intracellular Ca2+ level. Resveratol treatment was able to prevent selenite-induced oxidative stress and in turn the inhibition of lens opacification. Thus, resveratrol has the potential to function as an anti-cataractogenic agent, possibly by preventing free radical-mediated accumulation of Ca2+ in the eye lens.
Climate Migrant Elderly Abuse and Neglect: A Study in Slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Amjad Karisma
Published: July 2020

Bangladesh many older people spend their life in not only the unwell health but also in poverty which is major risk for the elderly population. This is especially true for older women, who suffer from various difficulties ensuing from prejudices to gender, widowhood and old age. Climate migrants start living in urban slums are in search of better and secure life. But urban slums located mostly in low lying environmentally hazardous area coupled with inadequate facilities like food, shelter, sanitation, health care make their life even worse. Older Women are the vulnerable groups in society in terms of climate change, movement; haphazard growth and unhealthy environment are the target group for this research. This study represents the nature and extent of elderly abuse of climate migrant urban poor women slum dwellers in Dhaka city in Bangladesh context. Besides, this paper also observe the socio-economic status of the study respondents and try to find out the self-stated reasons of elderly abuse. This study conducted both quantitative and qualitative types study on two slums of Dhaka with purposive sample survey, KII and in depth qualitative interview of selected climate migrant slum dwellers while purposive sample size of 50. Decreasing in earning capacity, inability and economic dependency, health hazard, maladjustment, changing social values have a separate role in the connection of older abuse. Planned migration, awareness program implantations against elderly abuse and secured socioeconomic factors are suggested through this paper to lessen exposure to further neglecting of elderly climate migrant women in urban slums.
Therapeutic Evaluation of Neemazal® Against Experimental Eimeria Tenella Infection in Broiler Chickens, Jos - Nigeria
Authors: Dogo Goni Abraham , Markus Bi-Allah Bukar , Tizhe Emmanuel Vandi , Karaye Gloria Pisha , Oshadu David
Published: July 2020

Coccidiosis in poultry is caused by protozoan parasites of the Eimeria species, which is responsible for worldwide economic losses. The aim of this study was to evaluated the therapeutic effect of NeemAzal® on Eimeria tenellain broiler Chickens as compared to Amprolium as a standard anticoccidial drug. A total of One Hundred and Sixty (160) broiler chicks were purchased, acclimatized and randomly divided into 4 groups (G1, G2, G3 & G4). G1 non-infected, non-treated (negative control), (G2) infected with 20000 E. tenella oocysts (positive control), (G3) infected and treated with Amprolium (Standard, 7 mg/kg b.w. for 5 days) and (G4) infected and treated with NeemAzal®200 mg/kg b.w. for 5 days). Evaluation was by clinical signs, performance data (weight gain, oocyst shed/gram faeces (OPG) and histopathology of the Caecum, Liver and Kidney. The data showed that birds infected with E. tenellahad an output of 1.3×105±3,333 oocysts per gram faeces on day 5 post inoculation. This output is significantly decreased to 0.37×105±3,111 oocysts in neem-treated birds. Infection with E. tenellainduced marked histopathological alterations in the caecum in the form of inflammation, vacuolation of the epithelium, and destruction of some villi. NeemAzal® decrease body weight loss of infected chickens. Moreover, the number of goblet cells stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) within the infected villi was significantly lowered (P≤0.05). The results revealed that chicks of G1 had the best performance data compared to G2, G3& G4. In G3 & G4 there were a remarkable improvement in the data on performance, clinical signs, gross and microscopically caecal lesions compared to G2. Amprolium (G3) was shown to be superior to NeemAzal® (G4) compared to G2. NeemAzal® could be a good alternative for use as a coccidiostat to supplement the expensive anti-coccidiostats in the market.
Etnomatemática e EJA: contextos e práticas evidenciadas em experiências de vida
Authors: Santos Anderson de Souza , Pereira Valesca Corrêa , Ferreira Junio Fábio , Oliveira Cristiane Coppe de , Souza Leandro de Oliveira
Published: July 2020

É comum que alunos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), sobretudo aqueles de idade mais avançada, tenham algum tipo de experiência profissional ou vivência em meio rural, sendo este um possível fator condicionante para o seu abandono e atraso escolar. Neste contexto, podemos observar alguns conhecimentos próprios que estes alunos têm e que torna evidente a etnomatemática do saber-fazer, tão comum em suas próprias experiências de vida. Com base nesta perspectiva, este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada com alunos de uma turma multisseriada do primeiro segmento da (EJA), de uma escola pública do município de Ituiutaba/MG. Para tanto, elencamos como principal objetivo um estudo de como a etnomatemática se evidencia nas vivências e experiências que estes alunos têm em meio rural, a partir da análise da transcrição dos discursos proferidos por eles. Isso é algo que foi possível por meio da realização de uma entrevista coletiva não estruturada e também pela metodologia de análise textual discursiva. Para tanto, utilizamos como elemento motivador para fomentar os diálogos, discussões e reflexões acerca do tema “grandezas e medidas”, a exibição de um vídeo didático intitulado “Matemática no sitio” da série “Matemática em toda parte”, da TV Escola. Os resultados obtidos apontam para a presença de conhecimentos informais acerca de grandezas e medidas e as suas relações com o Sistema Métrico Decimal.
Vestígios da criação do primeiro curso de formação de professores de Matemática no Alto Paranaíba, Minas Gerais: um olhar a partir da Revista Documenta
Authors: Queluz Jessiene Adriano de , Marin Douglas
Published: July 2020

Nesse artigo apresentamos resultados iniciais de um projeto em desenvolvimento cujo o objetivo é mapear movimentos da criação dos primeiros cursos que formavam professores de Matemática na região do Alto do Paranaíba, Minas Gerais. Como fonte principal, temos os pedidos de criação, conversão e/ou reconhecimento de cursos que formavam professores de Matemática, de instituições públicas federais ou privadas, publicados na revista Documenta – publicação mensal do Conselho Federal de Educação, no entanto, ressaltamos que outras fontes também foram usadas. As inspirações teóricos-metodológicas se baseiam na linha/projeto Mapeamento da formação e atuação de professores de Matemática no Brasil, do grupo de pesquisa Grupo História Oral e Educação Matemática, Ghoem. Para esse texto trouxemos resultados do primeiro curso que ocorreu nessa região, em especial, na cidade de Patos de Minas. Entre eles, imprimimos uma discussão que abrange o currículo do primeiro curso de formação de professores de Matemática, a listagem dos primeiros professores, indícios da criação da primeira Faculdade privada e de outros cursos de formação de professores, do movimento de ensino superior nessa cidade e evidências do auxílio para a criação desse movimento da Igreja Católica. Apontamos que esse estudo é assumidamente historiográfico e se inscreve no campo da História da Educação Brasileira, mais especificamente na História da Educação Matemática no Brasil.
Optimum design of 3R robot manipulador by using Improved Differential Evolution implemented in parallel computation
Authors: Brandão Milena Almeida Leite , Saramago Sezimária de Fátima Pereira , Doricio José Laércio
Published: July 2020

In recent decades the great interest in Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) has boosted their development leading to a significant improvement in their efficiency and applicability. Thus, EAs have been applied to solve optimization problems in different areas of knowledge. A promising optimization method known as Differential Evolution (DE), which belongs to the class of AEs, has attracted the attention of researchers. The DE algorithm is simple, robust and efficient. However, by testing with classical optimization problems noticed that sometimes the results obtained with DE are not as satisfactory as expected or that in many cases the algorithm ends the search for the optimal solution prematurely. Recently, with the advancement and greater availability of computer technology, the scientific community has been thinking about the implementation of optimization algorithms in parallel in order to reduce the processing time. The main objective of this paper is to present an improvement of the Differential Evolution optimization method, proposing modifications to the basic algorithm by using shuffled complex and making it able to work with parallel computing. The proposed methodology is applied to the optimal design of an orthogonal 3R robot manipulator that takes into account the characteristics of its workspace. For this purpose, a multi-objective optimization problem is formulated to obtain the optimal geometric parameters for the robot. The maximum workspace volume, the maximum system stiffness and the optimum dexterity are considered as the multi-objective functions. The results show that the procedure represents a promising alternative for the type of problem presented above.
efeito do ensino de relações grafofonológicas na redução de erros ortográficos na Educação de Jovens e Adultos
Authors: Silva Francisca Aline Almeida , Lima Jr Ronaldo Mangueira
Published: July 2020

A escrita é socialmente valorizada, pois representa o saber legitimado e também possibilita o acesso aos bens de cultura. Escrever, pautado pelo que orienta a norma ortográfica, torna-se uma necessidade para que o indivíduo realize um uso eficiente da língua e não seja estigmatizado pelo domínio de apenas uma modalidade linguística. Nas várias etapas de ensino, ainda se percebem dificuldades na ortografia; entretanto, com alunos que apresentam uma trajetória escolar irregular, como os da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), as dificuldades são acentuadas.Este trabalho, portanto, objetiva avaliar os efeitos do ensino das relações grafofonológicas na redução dos casos de desvios à norma na turma de modalidade EJA nível VI (8º/9º anos).  O objeto de análise consistedos três erros mais frequentes na turma, constatados a partir de investigação diagnóstica, sendo eles o apagamento do  em coda de verbos no infinitivo, a hipercorreção da grafia da coda de verbos terminados em [w], e a monotongação de verbos no pretérito perfeito do indicativo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação com avaliação quali-quantitativa dos dados de pré e pós-testes entremeados por atividades interventivas. Os resultados apontaram a pertinência de um trabalho sistematizado com a ortografia a fim de corrigir problemas que tendem a se perpetuar na trajetória escolar dos alunos, uma vez que a quantidade de desvios diminuiu de 103 para 24 após as intervenções. Chegou-se à conclusão de que atividades ortográficas que relacionem os conhecimentos da turma a informações sobre a estrutura e sobre o funcionamento da língua ajudam a reduzir desvios à norma.
Territorialização do capital estrangeiro no setor sucroenergético de Minas Gerais
Authors: Campos Natália Lorena , Cleps Junior João
Published: July 2020

Desde meados da década de 1990 o setor sucroenergético brasileiro tem se aliado ao capital externo e a empresas estrangeiras interessadas na produção de commodities agrícolas. Minas Gerais insere-se nesse movimento na década de 2000, marcada por constantes processos de fusões e/ou aquisições, em que empresas mundiais uniram-se às agroindústrias canavieiras, num período de maior abertura econômica do setor pós crise financeira de 2008. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é compreender como esta dinâmica atual do setor ocorreu no estado, analisando a territorialização do capital externo e o processo de internacionalização das agroindústrias canavieiras, estas concentradas na mesorregião Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba. Metodologicamente, foi levantado o número de empreendimentos no estado com participação de capital estrangeiro, assim como referencial teórico relacionado à temática e análise de dados de produção, número de usinas, preço da terra, entre outros. O presente trabalho é resultado de pesquisas voltadas para a compreensão do uso corporativo do território, através da apropriação capitalista e compra de terras pelas empresas transnacionais para a produção de commodities agrícolas, sobretudo da cana-de-açúcar e etanol. O processo de internacionalização decorrente segue a dinâmica da financeirização da riqueza e compreende, inclusive, a captura dos recursos naturais, da biodiversidade atingindo os demais componentes do espaço agrário como principalmente o emprego rural.
“Pra lá e pra cá”
Authors: Teixeira Jaqueline da Silva
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho faz parte dos estudos parciais da pesquisa de dissertação, que busca compreender como o sentido do lugar e do migrar é acionado no processo migratório dos jovens rurais da comunidade de Santana do Mundo Novo, município de Juramento, Minas Gerais, e busca pesquisar também as motivações e consequências dessa migração. Para tanto, optou-se por uma metodologia qualitativa, com revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo, permeada pelas contribuições da fenomenologia, antropologia e da geografia humanista. Para a coleta de dados, estão sendo realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, que serão complementadas com uma oficina de grupo focal a ser realizada no segundo semestre de 2019. Além disso, também são utilizados o diário de campo, fotografias, e dados secundários para contextualização do lugar. A comunidade, que tem a migração como parte de sua história, continua sendo espaço de fluxos migratórios, dentre outras formas de mobilidade espacial. Rural e urbano assumem novas formas de interação no contexto atual, fazendo emergir formas de mobilidade que por vezes se tornam parte de um modo de vida, sendo necessário entender o sentido desse movimento “pra lá e pra cá” para aqueles que o vivenciam.
Actitud de combate. El policiamiento táctico en Argentina a partir de los casos del GEOF (PFA) y la UESPO (PNQN) (2016-2018)
Authors: Ginés Nabaes Jodar Santiago
Published: July 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como objeto de estudio a los Grupos Tácticos de Policía en la Argentina, a partir del trabajo de campo realizado en el grupo GEOF de la Policía Federal Argentina y el grupo UESPO de la Policía de la Provincia de Neuquén. El objetivo central es el de realizar una caracterización de sus formas de policiamiento, a partir de la descripción y el análisis de la manera en que se organizan y actúa, así como de los entendimientos que los efectivos tácticos expresan en relación a su labor. Para esto, explicaremos sus particulares procesos de reclutamiento, la forma en que entrenan y se despliegan grupalmente. Luego analizaremos la especial cultura policial que se cultiva en estos espacios, a partir de una reconceptualización de esta noción por medio de la utilización de la idea bourdeana de habitus de clase. Así, describiremos la especial relación que establecen los efectivos tácticos con la idea de «verdadero trabajo policial» las relaciones de compañerismo y solidaridad interna que desarrollan, el carácter elitista que atribuyen a este espacio y ciertos rasgos que conforman lo que llamaremos «habitus táctico».
De las detenciones contravencionales a las prácticas de hostigamiento policial. Reflexiones sobre los cambios y permanencias en los estereotipos de conflictividad policial desde la mirada de jóvenes organizados en la ciudad de Córdoba
Authors: Plaza Schaefer Valeria
Published: July 2020

Se considera que en la sociedad moderna, el ejercicio de la violencia policial es una consecuencia inevitable de la función de reproducción de un orden social determinado y que además, para poder cumplir con esa función, necesita realizar un proceso de selección de personas que se presenten como conflictivas. Esto es lo que frecuentemente en la literatura penal y criminológica se refiere como «estereotipo de criminalidad», pero sobre el que existe poca producción acerca de su definición. Por ello, en primer lugar, se analiza el proceso de diferenciación social que opera y las características asociadas al mismo, para indagar luego cuáles son las marcas relevantes en la aplicación del «estereotipo de conflictividad policial» en un caso concreto, según la perspectiva de los mismos destinatarios.

Se analiza la mirada de jóvenes de sectores populares organizados sobre la aplicación del estereotipo, nucleados en el Colectivo de Jóvenes por Nuestros Derechos analizando dos momentos distintos (2003-2013/ 2015-2017), a los fines de indagar sobre los cambios y continuidades en esos procesos de estereotipación en la ciudad de Córdoba.
QIṢṢAH QAṢĪRAH JIDDAN: SEBUAH GENRE TERBARU DALAM SASTRA ARAB
Authors: Tasnimah Tatik Mariyatut
Published: July 2020

This article aims to describe the development of contemporary Arabic literary genre called Qişşah Qaşīrah Jiddan (QQJ), by revealing its characteristics, its components, and the factors that influence its emergence. This research fills the gap in the study of QQJ, in terms of both theory and application, despite the fact that it has existed among classic genres. To fulfill its objectives, this research uses descriptive analysis by examining the production of the literary works, its existence, its role and social reality. To explore the connection between QQJ and the social reality that surrounds it, this research applies qualitative methods by studying the documents that focus on contextual analysis of written materials. Based on the analysis, this study found that the emergence of the QQJ genre in the repertoire of contemporary Arabic literature is a response to the demands and needs of this fast-paced technological era which requires something practical and pragmatic. Though this narrative genre stems from short story, it is neither an advancement of a short story, nor the development of its branches or the incarnation of the old Arabic literary genre. Instead, it is an autonomous genre that adopts a variety of things in its development, especially aspects underlying postmodernity such as being practical, dynamic, and digital.
LIVING HADIS DALAM TRADISI ZIARAH DAN BERSIH KUBUR DI DESA MAJAPURA, PURBALINGGA
Authors: Mustaghfiroh Avina Amalia
Published: July 2020

This paper discusses the dimensions of the pilgrimage tradition that is commonly practiced by the community. Pilgrimage is not only seen as an activity to pray for people who have died, but in it there are varied moral values. There are no specific time provisions for making pilgrimages. However, it is different from the Majapura village community who make the pilgrimage at the end of the sya’ban month (before Ramadan). Uniquely, they do this together and at the same time do community service by cleaning the tomb. Based on these phenomena, this study aims to reveal the motives and values of the practice of tomb pilgrimage using the method of phenomenological analysis of Edmund Husserl. The practice of pilgrimage and cleansing of the grave carried out by the Majapura community is part of an awareness of intentionality directed at one behavior that is in accordance with religious advice. From this awareness, the purpose of pilgrimage and tomb clean was addressed to cleanse the soul, remember death (dzikr al-maut) and others, mentioned above. While the transcendental essence that is around it is a sense of caring, compassion, empathy, and sincerity in worship.
INTERPRETASI SIMBOLIK ATAS NARASI KEAGAMAAN KH. ABDUL GHOFUR LAMONGAN
Authors: Firdaus Mohammad Fiqih
Published: July 2020

This study aims to discover the motives and content of the meaning of symbolic narratives used by scholars in Indonesia to spread and strengthen the teachings of Islam in Indonesia. The use of symbolic narratives has been widely used by early Islamic preachers in Indonesia. The narratives were presented to provide easier understanding to the people of Indonesia by their perceptions of the world. One of the scholars who preserve this missionary pattern is KH Abdul Ghofur. To obtain the meaning of the religious symbols used by the Kiai Ghofur, This study uses the semiotic method of Roland Barthes. The use of symbols in religious narratives carried out by Kiai Ghofur is at the level of connotative meaning. Meaning can be understood by looking at the concepts that are believed by the people associated with these symbols. With this concept, the meaning of the ape-snake symbol indicates Sufistic values in the Islamic tradition. The symbol of the mustard tree is intended to symbolize unity. Whereas, the symbol of boat-aircraft shows the incorporation of traditional and modern nature in the education system in his Pesantren (Islamic Boarding School).
TAUHID SEBAGAI FONDASI KEADILAN SOSIAL DALAM PEMIKIRAN TAN MALAKA
Authors: Tohis Reza D.
Published: July 2020

Researchers are hardly interested in Tan Malaka's thoughts about the concept of divinity (Tauhid). Indeed he is better known as a Marxist who does not recognize God (in the discourse of Indonesian Marxism), but in his work is found his commentary on the concept of divinity. This paper will re-examine the thoughts of Tan Malaka, especially in his main work is Madilog (Materialism, Dialectics, Logic), related to the issue of social justice. Tan Malaka defines divinity as the recognition of God's power, the Oneness of God. This confession arises based on awareness of God's laws in the universe. Based on these laws, Tan Malaka realizes that justice means equal- ity and enforcement of justice means enforcement of God's laws, which is only possible if we recognize mate- riality. As for Tan Malaka, social justice means equal ownership. Thus, the equality of ownership will not be realized, if everyone crosses the boundaries of owner- ship. This is what is happening in the social system of capitalism today. Therefore, strengthening social justice means resistance to capitalism.
DIALEKTIKA HASRAT MANUSIA DALAM NOVEL HAYY BIN YAQZAN KARYA IBN TUFAIL
Authors: Iftitah Iftitah
Published: July 2020

The paper discusses Ibn Tufail's work, Hayy bin Yaqzan, which describes the differences in the potential for thinking of humans and animals. As perfect beings, humans realize their lives more dynamically than animals. How- ever, humans have a desire that always develops beyond all their needs. In this case, humans have a lack and always tries to fulfill it even though it will never end. Therefore, humans always lead to tension between their identities and others. The article will analyze the stages of human psychological development based on Jacques Lacan's psychoanalytic concept of desires such as the real, the imaginary, and the symbolic. Consequently, human life is not to keep apart from dialectics at these stages and their identities.
MATTHEW LIPMAN’S PRAGMATISM THE RELEVANCE OF PHILOSOPHY FOR CHILDREN (P4C) TO CHILDREN’S EDUCATION IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Ismail Salma binti
Published: July 2020

Matthew Lipman’s pragmatism, built and developed “Community of inquiry” (CI) in “Philosophy for Children” (P4C) starting from negative experiences while teaching philosophy to college students in the late 60's. P4C success- fully becomes part of the solution and developed in the community. P4C can not only be material for children’s education but also can be a basic principle of value edu- cation and life education for children. Through the Socra- tic Method, children have the ability to express opinions and think critically; these two abilities are very impor- tant in the process of philosophizing. In P4C, the children learn to think and make their own decisions without being enslaved by dogmatic thinking or relativism. These abilities are very important to be able to live in harmony and develop in a plural and democratic society such as Malaysia.
Performanceras brasileñas y sus narrativas insurgentes
Authors: Emilia Sardelich María
Published: July 2020

El sistema del arte en Brasil está marcado por las mismas relaciones de la sociedad brasileña: violencia, racismo, colonialidad y naturalización de las diferencias sociales. En consecuencia, tiene dificultades para ver y hacer ver la herida colonial, los conflictos y contradicciones de esa sociedad. Ese racializado sistema del arte dificulta su ocupación por las poblaciones negras e indígenas, ignorando una diversa producción artística. Este artículo presenta las performances “Bombril”, de Priscila Rezende y “White Face and Blonde Hair”, de Renata Felinto que, en sus acciones artísticas plasman no solo sus problemáticas personales, también producen narrativas insurgentes. Propongo el concepto de narrativas insurgentes para denominar la forma por la que esas artistas dan sentido al contexto social de las amefricanas, haciendo ver las condiciones de existencia que crean y mantienen conflictos sociales.
Símbolo de legalidad: interpretaciones artísticas a partir del cuerpo religioso
Authors: Ruiz Cruz Camila Alexandra
Published: July 2020

Cuando pensamos en el cuerpo religioso, directamente pensamos en su valor sagrado y profano, si enfrentamos estos dos conceptos tendemos a contraponerlos, ya que, aparentemente, no pueden compartir un mismo lugar o si lo comparten, van a estar eclipsándose o anulándose constantemente. De ahí parte la necesidad de hacer interpretaciones del cuerpo religioso desde el arte y la religión, no desde el contexto histórico que muestra como estas dos instituciones se han complementado, sino desde los conflictos que generan en una persona que es artista y que al mismo tiempo se define como creyente cristiana evangélica pentecostal, puesto que se comprender como contrarias. El presente artículo parte de una investigación autorreferencial que se basa en la importancia del cuerpo dentro de una producción artística profanadora que no recurre al uso clásico de la iconografía religiosa, sino que hace uso de simbolismos y reflexiones de un contexto cercano que va desde el ámbito confesional sagrado, hasta el uso de materiales profanos y mundanos.
Fantasmas, espectros, sirenas y otros zumbidos. Otros cuerpos recorren el mundo
Authors: Díaz Barrios Jaidy Astrid
Published: July 2020

Desde la urgencia de la catástrofe humanitaria ocasionada por las grandes oleadas migratorias contemporáneas, interpelo la mirada sensible y critica que confronta estos hechos del horror. Fantasmas, espectros, sirenas y otros zumbidos. Otros cuerpos recorren el mundo, se propone una mirada sobre los cuerpos encallados en la mitad del mediterráneo, y otras dinámicas poéticas relacionadas con los cuerpos que se mueven, traspasan fronteras y habitan este planeta. Preguntas por cuerpos individuales y colectivos, en sus distintas agonías y sus formas de invisibilización. Resalto las formas de resistencias anidadas en el cuerpo como portador de deseos invencibles de atravesar un espacio. Descubro la historia y desempolvo la memoria con el ánimo de reconocer nuestra naturaleza Homo migrans. En oposición, a las ideas de frontera, dominio y bordes, despliego la creación de un “ecosistema de los que se mueven” visibles con la escritura de voces testimonio, ficción y detrito de sus cuerpos.  Este documento es parte de los resultados del proyecto de investigación y creación: La rabia, el rastro, le noir, adscrito a la Vicedecanatura de investigación y extensión, de la Facultad de artes de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, bajo mi dirección.
Cross-Sectional Study of Refusal Speech Act Used by Iraqi Undergraduate Students
Authors: Turki Hutheifa Y. , Hussein Juma’a Q. , Al-Kubaisy Ahmed A.
Published: July 2020

This paper is conducted to investigate how Iraqi EFL learners refuse different speech acts across different proficiency levels. It aims to examine the most appropriate strategies used by 2nd year students of English as compared to those of 4th year when refusing their interlocutors' invitation, suggestion, and offer. WDCT questionnaire was used to collect data from 40 Iraqi undergraduate students of English: 20 2nd year and 20 4th year. Adopting Beebe et al.'s (1990) theory of refusal, data collected was analyzed quantitatively using statistical analysis. The findings revealed that the 2nd year students of English were more frequent in using direct refusals than their 4th year counterparts. This means the latter were more aware of using refusals politely than the former. On the other hand, the findings showed that 4th year students more frequent in their use of indirect refusal strategies that the 2nd year students. This indicates that the EFL learners of low proficiency level might not bridge the gap between the pragmalinguistic strategies and the grammatical form of the target language. This means that they were not pragmatically competent of the use of the appropriate pragmalinguistic strategies. This implies that the 2nd year students need to pay more attention to pragmatics and use their refusal strategies appropriately. Thus, the paper recommends conducting further research on the use of refusal speech act in Arabic and English.
Challenges of Implementing Formative Assessment
Authors: Husam AlMofti Khaldoon W.
Published: July 2020

Formative assessment (FA) is an essential element of EFL classrooms. It allows instructors to amend, adjust, and monitor the process of teaching to reach their desired goals. However, this form of assessment is often overlooked in Iraqi EFL classrooms. As such, this study aims to investigate the challenges of implementing the FA strategies by Iraqi EFL university instructors and their attitudes to improve its use effectively in teaching. The data for this study were gathered through the observation of six EFL classes and semi-structured interviews conducted with three EFL instructors from three different Iraqi universities. The results revealed that there are many challenges for FA strategies implementation. Some of them were related to the EFL instructors’ insufficient knowledge to conduct FA strategies effectively and also their inability to create assessment criteria for their tasks and activities. Moreover, the time-consuming nature of the FA strategies and time limit of the class sessions makes it impossible for the instructors to integrate these strategies into their teaching. Furthermore, the instructors also reported that their students do not have enough knowledge of FA strategies, and cannot be involved in their implementation. Finally, the study recommends that training is needed for the Iraqi EFL instructors especially those with less experience on how to integrate and use FA strategies in the classroom.
Prawo o zdrowiu zwierząt
Authors: Lipińska Izabela
Published: July 2020

The subject of the article is the issues related to the implementation of EU legal solutions concerning the protection of the health of farm animals, while the purpose of the considerations is to evaluate the legal regulation adopted to implement the package of measures aimed at animal health that have been in place since 2013, and propose the direction of necessary changes in the national legislation in this area. The new animal health legislation entails the amendment or repeal of a number of national provisions on animal disease control, in particular those which were transpositions of directives and EU decisions now repealed. The legal instruments provided for in the regulation are expected to contribute to the achievement of a fully integrated internal market and to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, provided that the existing animal health status is maintained as far as possible.
Nociones de Derecho Agrario en Costa Rica
Authors: Ulate Chacón Enrique Napoleón
Published: July 2020

This research aims to explain, in a concise manner, the origin and development of agricultural law in Costa Rica. For this purpose, the evolution of the agrarian normative system is analysed first, including its exceptional and specific norms, that existed before the consolidation of the constitutional agrarian law. It also addresses the notion of agricultural law as a legal science, according to modern doctrine, and the impact that Italian doctrine had on the concept of agricultural activity in Costa Rica. The most recent evolution is explained, related to policies and norms of territorial rural development, as well as the new competences granted by the Agrarian Procedural Code as of its entry into force in February 2020.
Desafíos del productor nicaragüense en el mercado agrícola (regional y local) y alternativas de solución. Parte 2
Authors: Montiel Silva Manuel Ernesto
Published: July 2020

The current article is divided in two parts. On a practical level, the interest of this research is to offer alternative solutions to the gaps in the regulatory framework of the Nicaraguan agricultural market, which pave the way for an unequal distribution of the economic resources generated by the national agricultural activity, in the agri-food supply chain. The objective was to determine the legal gaps that allow the unequal distribution of resources in the national agri-food supply chain and propose possible alternatives based on the agrarian doctrine. For this purpose, using analysis-synthesis, abstract-concrete, systemic-structural-functional and inductive-deductive analyses, the systems of marketing agricultural products in the countries of Central America and Nicaragua was examined and compared. As practice shows, small producers of food are not adequately protected and when it comes to commercial relationships their position is weak in the overall agri-food supply chain.
Effects of Scanning Patterns on Symbol Selection Time and Accuracy in Smart Devices - Focused on normal children in school age -
Authors: Lee Hyun Suk , Choi Yang-gyu ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: July 2020

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study was to increase the efficiency of the approach of people using AAC devices and provide information on the development of AAC input devices through research on efficiency and accuracy between various scanning methods. Method: We designed and implemented four types of scanning interfaces-linear, linear-group item, circular, and circular-group item types- for 44 school children age 7-8, (male: 22, female: 22). We conducted experiments to evaluate the symbol selection time and accuracy. Results: Circular group item scanning was the fastest of the selection time between scanning methods, and the accuracy of scanning was low in group items. Also, the correlation between the symbol selection time and accuracy according to the scanning method was statistically significant. Conclusion: The symbol selection time was the most efficient when circular group-item scanning was used and selection accuracy was higher when group-item scanning was used. This study’s results may be informative for AAC users and researchers.
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Authors: Skaudickas Darijus , Telksnys Titas , Veikutis Vincentas , Aniulis Povilas , Jievaltas Mindaugas
Published: July 2020

Background

Prostatitis is the most commonly diagnosed disease in men younger than 50 years and accounts for about 8% of all urologists’ consultations.

Objective

After evaluating clinical trials and demonstrating the efficacy of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis treatment, it remains of clinical importance to continue studies on the use of low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in men.

Materials and methods

From May 2017 to April 2018, 40 patients with chronic prostatitis (CP) type IIIB/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) were enrolled in the study. The patients underwent ESWT once a week for 4 weeks.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 47.8 years. A statistically significant improvement in all the parameters, i.e., the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the visual analogue scale (VAS), National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), was observed at week 4. The effect of the treatment was maintained during the entire 12-week period. The NIH-CPSI total score showed the best improvement at week 4, but a slight deterioration without a statistically significant change was noticed at week 12. The greatest improvement at week 4 was documented for the NIH-CPSI and IPSS (43% and 37%, respectively). At week 12, an improvement of 52% and 39% was recorded for VAS and IPSS, respectively.

Conclusions

Our findings confirmed the effectiveness and safety of ESWT in resistant cases of CPPS in the short term. ESWT is cost-effective, which takes little time or requires a small amount of staff, and is easily conducted.
Estrogen-decreased hsa_circ_0001649 promotes stromal cell invasion in endometriosis
Authors: Li Qi , Li Na , Liu Hengwei , Du Yu , He Haitang , Zhang Ling , Liu Yi
Published: July 2020

Endometriosis (EMs) is an estrogen (E2)-dependent inflammatory disorder. Although EMs is considered a benign disease, it presents with malignant characteristics, such as migration and invasion. An increasing number of studies have shown that aberrantly expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an essential role in disease development and progression. However, the mechanisms by which circRNAs exert their pathological effects in EMs remain unclear. Hsa_circ_0001649, a novel cancer-associated circRNA, has been previously reported to be downregulated in several cancer types and related to cell migration and invasion. In the present study, real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was carried out to measure hsa_circ_0001649 levels in human tissues, human primary endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and a human endometrial stromal cell line (ThESCs). Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) levels in ESCs and ThESCs were assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, and the migration and invasion capacities of ThESCs were evaluated by transwell assay. As a result, hsa_circ_0001649 expression was significantly decreased in ectopic and eutopic endometrial samples compared with that in normal endometrial samples. E2 decreased hsa_circ_0001649 expression but increased MMP9 expression in ESCs and ThESCs. Furthermore, ThESCs were more invasive under E2 stimulation. However, these effects disappeared when ICI or hsa_circ_0001649 transfection was used. Collectively, our findings reveal that decreased hsa_circ_0001649 expression plays a role in E2-increased MMP9 expression through E2 receptors (ERs), which have critical functions in EMs.
mRNA Editing, Processing and Quality Control in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Arribere Joshua A , Kuroyanagi Hidehito , Hundley Heather A
Published: July 2020

While DNA serves as the blueprint of life, the distinct functions of each cell are determined by the dynamic expression of genes from the static genome. The amount and specific sequences of RNAs expressed in a given cell involves a number of regulated processes including RNA synthesis (transcription), processing, splicing, modification, polyadenylation, stability, translation, and degradation. As errors during mRNA production can create gene products that are deleterious to the organism, quality control mechanisms exist to survey and remove errors in mRNA expression and processing. Here, we will provide an overview of mRNA processing and quality control mechanisms that occur in Caenorhabditis elegans, with a focus on those that occur on protein-coding genes after transcription initiation. In addition, we will describe the genetic and technical approaches that have allowed studies in C. elegans to reveal important mechanistic insight into these processes.
Two- Phase Stratified Sampling Estimator for Population Mean in The Presence of Nonresponse Using Single Auxiliary Variable
Authors: Anieting Akan
Published: July 2020

In this article, a new estimator for population mean in two-phase stratified sampling in the presence of nonresponse using single auxiliary variable has been proposed. The bias and Mean Squared Error (MSE) of the proposed estimator has been given using large sample approximation. The empirical study shows that the MSE of the proposed estimator is more efficient than existing estimators. The optimum values of first and second phase sample have been determined.
Scientific Numerical Pattern in Stringed-Fretted Musical Instrument
Authors: Anindita Roy Chowdhury  , Naresh Sharma
Published: July 2020

Music, a creative art has a strong foundation on science and mathematics. Source of music can vary from vocal chord to various types of musical instruments. One of the popular stringed and fretted musical instrument, the guitar has been discussed here. The structure of the guitar is based on mathematical and scientific concepts. Harmonics and frequency play pivotal role in generation of music from a guitar. In this paper, the authors have investigated various factors related to the structure of a guitar. Aspects related to the musical notes of a guitar have been analyzed to gain a better insight into the mathematical pattern involved in the music of a guitar.
On The Numerical Solutions of Boundary Layer Equations of Williamson Fluid Past a Moving Plate
Authors: Manisha Patel  , Jayshri Patel  , M.G.Timol
Published: July 2020

Laminar boundary layer flow of Williamson fluid over a moving plate is discussed in this paper. The governing equations of the flow problem are transformed into similarity equations using similarity technique. The reduced equations are numerically solved by finite difference method. The graphical presentation is discussed.
La masacre de Bojayá: usos políticos de un recuerdo violento
Authors: Giraldo Jaramillo Francisco
Published: July 2020

Uno de los casos de violencia más emblemáticos en la historia reciente de Colombia es el suceso conocido como la masacre de Bojayá, ocurrida el 2 de mayo del 2002. El presente artículo rastrea, documenta y periodiza el lugar que ha ocupado la masacre de Bojayá en la narrativa elaborada por parte de la Presidencia de la República de Colombia entre mayo del 2002 y mayo del 2017. A partir del análisis de la documentación recogida, se concluye que el recuerdo de la masacre de Bojayá fue utilizado por los tres presidentes que ocuparon el cargo durante ese lapso para buscar el apoyo nacional e internacional con el fin de implementar sus políticas gubernamentales.
Determination of structural properties in the adsorption of drugs on chitosan-hydrogels for type 2 diabetes by means of the PM6 method
Authors: Delgadillo Armendariz Nancy Liliana , Rangel Vásquez Norma Aurea , Marquez Brazón Edgar Alexander
Published: July 2020

Computational chemistry performs the modeling and calculation of physicochemical properties that allow understanding of the different molecular interactions at the nanometric scale in medical applications such as the design of controlled release systems. The PM6 model was used to analyze metformin and glibenclamide. First, the energy properties as the Gibbs free energy and enthalpies were obtained. The results showed the affinity of both drugs with water  (glibenclamide: -7.96 and metformin: -11.49) due to the formation of hydrogen bonds, which were verified by the electronegativities corresponding to the dipole moment and to the partition coefficient (Log P).Subsequently, the main properties for the design of a release system using the metformin/glibenclamide complex in the chitosan hydrogel were determined. In this process it was appreciated that the Gibbs free energy (-2157.60 kcal/mol) determined the thermodynamic stability of the adsorption. In addition, the Log P (-25.82) indicated an instantaneous solubility through the formation of hydrogen bonds and were verified by the electronic distribution and the change in dipole moment.
Asociación entre la distribución espacial de puntos de adquisición de alimentos y la prevalencia de obesidad infantil en el cantón La Unión, Costa Rica
Authors: Reyes Chaves Jonnathan , Fernández Rojas Xinia
Published: July 2020

Introducción: La obesidad infantil es un problema de salud pública en Costa Rica y su prevalencia ha mostrado un rápido crecimiento. El ambiente alimentario y de actividad física juega un rol crucial en el estilo de vida de los niños en edad escolar y sus familias. Este artículo trata de entender la relación entre la distribución espacial de los lugares de adquisición y venta de alimentos y  la prevalencia de obesidad infantil en dos escuelas del cantón La Unión. Materiales y métodos: Se mapeó la ubicación de los lugares de venta de alimentos en los 8 distritos y si contaban con patentes, además, se evaluaron las distancias recorridas por escolares de los distritos de San Juan y Concepción para relacionarlas con el estado nutricional de 297 participantes. Resultados: Se identificaron 338 puntos de adquisición de los alimentos localizados principalmente en el distrito Tres Ríos en distancias muy cortas de los centros educativos. Del total de puntos, el 84.65 % no tiene patentes y estos están principalmente en Río Azul. Para los escolares del distrito de Concepción las distancias recorridas hacia la escuela disminuyen de forma significativa conforme aumenta el sobrepeso en los escolares. Conclusiones: Existe un crecimiento importante de los lugares de venta y distribución de alimentos que se encuentran a distancias no mayores a los 250 metros de los centros educativos, lo cual aumenta la probabilidad de acceder a los alimentos que allí se expenden. Conforme aumenta el exceso de peso en los escolares, estos reportan menores distancias recorridas hacia la escuela, lo cual agrega un riesgo mayor en esta población asociado a la reducida actividad física.