bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penal Policy and the Complexity of Criminal Law Enforcement: Introducing JILS 4(1) May 2019 Edition
Authors: Muhtada Dani , Arifin Ridwan
Published: June 2022

AFTER the previous edition of JILS raised the theme of â€œCrimes and Society: General Issues on Criminal Law in Indonesiaâ€, in this edition JILS wanted to explore various cases and developments in criminal law enforcement. The complexity of criminal law enforcement in many conditions presents a variety of debates, ranging from legality and non-retroactive principles of law which in certain cases find discrepancies between facts and existing theories. In addition, criminal law which is considered ultimum remedium and has the character of a double-edged sword, on the one hand protects the interests of victims and the public but on the other hand injures the rights of the accused, becomes very complex because of its relation to the protection of human rights. In order to provide the most up-to-date discourse in the development of criminal law enforcement, in this edition we take the theme â€œPenal Policy and The Development of Criminal Lawâ€. This theme provides a different perspective for readers relating to criminal law policy and formulation of criminal law enforcement. In this edition, we received a large number of articles sent to the editorial desk, therefore it requires considerable time in choosing, reviewing and giving our best feedback and comments to the authors. To highlight the development of criminal law enforcement, this Journal volume is dedicated to discuss several issues related to the penal policy and development of criminal law enforcement.
Revocation of Political Rights of The Perpetrators of Criminal Acts of Corruption
Authors: Wangga Maria Silvya E. , Pujiyono Pujiyono , Arief Barda Nawawi
Published: June 2022

The purposes of this paper are to identify and examine the revocation of political rights for corruptors as an extra-ordinary measure. The research showed that law enforcement through penal policies still have shortcomings such as light criminal sentence for perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption as well as lack of awareness among judges to apply the additional sentence of fixed-time revocation of rights. Penal law enforcement requires integral and sustainable policies through non-penal policies (prevention). Preventive efforts should be responsive to the demands of the community at large for officials who are clean, honest and who have integrity. Non-penal law shall be enforced through the concept of developing smart and integrity-based politics.
Indonesia Response and Recent Development of Law and Policy in Addressing Marine Plastic Litter
Authors: Maruf Maruf
Published: June 2022

Marine plastic litter is one of the major problems that undermine the Indonesian Governmentâ€™s vision for making the sea as the future for the Indonesian nation. Marine areas of Indonesia are endangered by the massive plastic pollution, which is causing serious marine environmental problems. Indonesia is referred to as the biggest source of plastic waste in Southeast Asia and second biggest in the world. Indonesia government through Presidential Decree No. 7/2017 has established National Plan of Action (NPOA) on Marine Plastic Debris Management to strengthen the Indonesian commitment in reducing marine plastic litter. Furthermore, the Indonesian government also enacted Presidential Regulation No. 83/2018 on Handling Marine Litter. Thus, the present study argues that it is of paramount necessity to assess the impact of the legal framework regulating marine plastic litter in Indonesia in order to identify the lacuna in the existing legislative and policy framework for dealing with marine environmental pollution caused by marine plastic litter.
Preventing Human Trafficking: Between Facts and Problems, A Book Review “Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang” by Libby SinlaEloE & Paul SinlaEloE, Libby SinlaEloE and Paul SinlaEloE, Rumah Perempuan, 2017, 50 pages, ISBN 978-602-50912-1-6
Authors: Widowati Arrum
Published: June 2022

The author begins their writing by describing the article on Prevention of Criminal Trafficking in Persons (TPPO) which is a joint obligation between the Government, Regional Government, the community, and the family. That is the mandate in Article 57 paragraph (1) of the Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2007, concerning Eradication of Criminal Acts of Trafficking in Persons (UUPTPPO).

This book consists of 3 parts, namely: Understanding the Criminal Acts of Trafficking in Persons, Prevention of Trafficking in Persons Act Version of Law Number 21 of 2007, Prevention of Community-Based Trafficking in Persons.
How Should the Law Work? A Book Review “Biarkan Hukum Mengalir: Catatan Kritis Tentang Pergulatan Manusia dan Hukum”, Prof. Dr. Satjipto Rahardjo SH, PT Kompas Media Nusantara Jakarta, 2007, 158 pages, ISBN: 978-979-709-334-1
Authors: Kurniawan Ade Mirza
Published: June 2022

In this book, the author conveys criticism and suggestions regarding the development of law that has the dimension of humanity and the values ​​of true justice. Starting from the meaning of order, local communities with their specific but effective policies, to the idea of ​​legal certainty related to the status-quo. Delivered in a light and flowing language, this book needs to be read by lecturers and law students, observers, and researchers in the field of social politics, as well as anyone who cares about the value of justice and humanity.  This book “mistrust” human flashiness in creating and carrying out the law, as well as breaking and tearing it down. Delivered in a light and flowing language, this book needs to be read by lecturers and law students, observers and researchers in the field of social politics, as well as anyone who cares about the value of justice and humanity.
Money Laundering: How It Works and Legal Instruments, A Review Book "Hukum Money Laundering dalam Dimensi Kepatuhan", Dr. Go Lisanawati, S.H., M.Hum & Njoto Benarkah, S.T., M.Sc., Setara Press Malang, 2018, x+84 pages, ISBN: 978-602-6344-54-0
Authors: Aditya Andra Maula
Published: June 2022

This book contains practical knowledge about anti-money laundering in Indonesia and the global context. This book, in addition to presenting various theories regarding the crime of money laundering, also presents various cases and their analysis to provide a comprehensive understanding.
Looking for Justice for the People: A Book Review Keadilan Restoratif, Yoachim Agus Tridiatmo, 2016, 83 Pages, Cahaya Atma Pusaka ISBN 9786027821491
Authors: Erlangga Nova
Published: June 2022

In the first chapter of this book the author presents a summary of several cases that intersect with justice that have occurred in Indonesia. One summary of a case of justice that has occurred and has received a lot of attention is the case of the father of the senses who traveled 900 kilometers which took 22 days to go to the Indonesian capital, Jakarta to meet with President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. He decided to meet with President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono because he wanted to present the case of injustice, he had received for 15 years.
Simple Patent Protection: A Case of Sarung Tenun Goyor Indonesia and The Comparison to Malaysia Utility Innovation Protection
Authors: Rohmat Rohmat , Waspiah Waspiah , Wei David Chuah Cee
Published: June 2022

The work or products of SMEs are important for the protection of intellectual property rights. The Sarung Tenun Goyor in its production process has gone through long ideas and experiments to produce a distinctive motif and shape, but it becomes a problem whether a traditional work can be subjected to simple patent protection and instead ignores social values ​​and the value of community justice. In addition, Malaysia also has certain protection for utility innovalition that close to simple patent protection in Indonesia. This study is intended to analyze the simple patent protection in the case of Sarung Tenun Goyor Indonesia and Malaysia Utility Innovation Protectopn. This study showed that to fulfill the novelty element, development of the existing production process could be carried out while still paying attention to the values ​​of justice, social, and propriety. The fulfillment of Access Benefit Sharing stipulated in Law Number 13 of 2016 concerning Patents provides legal certainty of simple patent protection derived from traditional knowledge. Whereas the production process of the Sarung Tenun Goyor can be said to be a form of intellectual property and fulfills the elements as a simple patent object. The conclusion of this research is that the production process of the Sarung Tenun Goyor has not received legal protection. The Patent Law provides legal certainty for the development of the sarung tenun goyor production process by fulfilling Access Benefit Sharing (ABS).
Giant Cardiac Cavernous Hemangioma Diagnosed with Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound: A Case Report
Authors: Li Xiao-Dong , SUN Yun-Peng , DUAN Xiu-Mei
Published: June 2022

Presently, there are few reports in the database about a contrast-enhanced ultrasound-assisted diagnosis of cardiac cavernous hemangioma. We report a case of giant cavernous hemangioma of the heart, which was diagnosed using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Finally, it was confirmed by surgical pathology. This case demonstrates that contrast-enhanced ultrasound can play an important role in the diagnosis of cardiac cavernous hemangioma.
El desarrollo de las redes sociales del campesinado, en el proceso de asociación a una cooperativa agropecuaria
Authors: Camargo Castro Diego Alejandro
Published: June 2022

Este articulo presenta un estudio de caso cuyo objetivo fue analizar el proceso de formación o fortalecimiento de las redes sociales (de amistad, laborales, comunitarias e institucionales) de campesinos productores lecheros a partir de su asociación a la Cooperativa Boyacense Integral de Lácteos (COBILAC). La investigación se realizó en Colombia. En el municipio de Ventaquemada, departamento de Boyacá. Con 26 individuos, entre los que encontramos: campesinos y campesinas miembros de COBILAC, actores institucionales municipales y departamentales del sector agropecuario y su aliado comercial, la cooperativa de lácteos de Antioquia (COLANTA). Quienes fueron sujetos de la aplicación de técnicas y herramientas de la investigación cualitativa, dentro de las que se emplearon entrevistas semiestructuradas, grupos focales y observación participante, para el levantamiento de los datos, el procesamiento y análisis de la información. De acuerdo a la investigación, se encontró una transformación positiva de las redes sociales del productor lechero a partir de la vinculación a COBILAC, en tanto que unas redes se han ampliado, fortalecido y otras han surgido. Asimismo, se evidencia una interconexión entre las diferentes redes, que ha impactado positivamente en la labor productiva del campesino y ha beneficiado su ámbito personal, familiar y comunitario.
Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en una plantación de café (Coffea arabica) con y sin sombra de moringa (Moringa oleífera) bajo fertilización orgánica y mineral en Barva de Heredia
Authors: Espinoza Ballestero Diana , Sancho Barrantes Ellen
Published: June 2022

Se realizó una comparación de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero asociados a dos patrones de fertilización (orgánica y mineral) en una plantación de café (Coffea arabica) variedad Obatá con y sin sombra de Moringa (Moringa oleifera) en la Finca Experimental Santa Lucía en Barva de Heredia, Costa Rica. Para cada uno de los tratamientos T1: con sombra, fertilización orgánica, T2: con sombra fertilización mineral, T3: sin sombra, fertilización orgánica, T4: sin sombra, fertilización mineral. Solo se midieron los flujos de emisión de tres diferentes gases: dióxido de carbono (CO2), metano (CH4) y óxido nitroso (N2O). Desde el 2016 se realizó tres fertilizaciones (mineral y orgánica), para el 2018 cada vez que se fertilizó se realizó muestreo de gases de efecto invernadero con la técnica de cámaras cerradas para su posterior análisis por cromatografía. Las tomas de muestras de gases se realizaron durante las tres fertilizaciones anuales, a los días 0, 5, 15 y 30 posteriores a la aplicación. Para cada muestra, se extrajeron  submuestras de gases de la cámara al minuto 0, 10, 20 y 30 minutos después de colocada la cámara. Además, se hizo una relación de la emisión con variables climáticas como la temperatura, la humedad y la precipitación. Se obtuvieron comportamientos distintos para cada gas. La relación de la sombra con las emisiones de los gases fue baja. Al comparar los diferentes tipos de fertilizaciones, las emisiones fueron superiores en tratamientos sometidos a fertilizantes orgánicos respecto a las de la fertilización mineral. Solo las emisiones de dióxido de carbono correlacionaron con factores climáticos, al registrar una mayor emisión con el incremento de la temperatura.
Hypergene alterations of succinite and its vulnerability under various environmental conditions
Authors:   Institute of Geological Sciences, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Naumenko Uliana , Matsui Victor ,   Institute of Geological Sciences, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Aleksandrov Oleksandr ,   Institute of Geological Sciences, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Naumenko Oleksii ,   Institute of Geological Sciences, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine)
Published: June 2022

The article describes the alteration of succinite under conditions of hypergenesis as a result of oxidation, including a change in colour, contraction of the outer surface and the appearance of microcracks, changes in the construction of the outer framework of macromolecules and chemical composition and conditions of complete destruction. The main factors influencing the resistance of succinite under hypergene conditions are described— the influence of acid potential, air, light, fluctuations in temperature and humidity, geological affiliation to certain sediments. The problem of changing the quality of succinite is determined. It is shown that its destruction is associated with disturbed bedding conditions, changes in groundwater regime, as well as sea surf activity in the littoral (coastal) zone. Succinite that was found in stratigraphic sections not uncovered by erosion in the primary bedding, mostly retains its composition, properties, and structure formed in the past stages of plant resin fossilization. Placers of succinite that were formed as a result of erosion and re-deposition of primary Eocene–Oligocene placers are different due to the dimensions of succinite grains, their degree of grain rounding and overall presence of more resistant to weathering ones. The process of amber destruction is quite lengthy. Succinite, like other minerals more resistant to weathering, undergoes various stages of change in nature. An illustrative example of succinite destruction is succinite found during archaeological excavations. It was found that succinite is practically not preserved in deposits of loess and red carbonate formations. Due to its organic origin, amber ranks last in the group of placer-forming minerals and is characterized by the lowest constant hypergene resistance, which is determined by its low density (1.07) and minimum hardness (2.3). The conclusions and recommendations given in the article on the transformation and preservation of succinite that are brought to the surface are based on the analysis of extensive scientific literature, as well as many years of research on this gem in the Polissia and Dnieper region. Recommendations are given for long-term preservation of succinite under surface conditions, as well as museum samples, amber products in everyday life and during transportation.
Echovirus 9 genetic diversity detected in whole-capsid genome sequences obtained directly from clinical specimens using next generation sequencing
Authors: Bujaki Erika , Farkas Ágnes , Takács Mária
Published: June 2022

Echovirus 9 (E9) has been detected in an increased number of symptomatic patient samples received by the National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory in Hungary during 2018 compared to previously reported years.

Formerly identified E9 viruses from different specimen types detected from patients of various ages and showing differing clinical signs were chosen for the detailed analysis of genetic relationships and potential variations within the viral populations. We used next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of 3,900 nucleotide long amplicons covering the entire capsid coding region of the viral genome without isolation, directly from clinical samples.

Compared to the E9 reference strain, the viruses showed about 79% nucleotide and around 93% amino acid sequence similarity. The four new viral genome sequences had 1-20 nucleotide differences between them also resulting in 6 amino acid variances in the coding region, including 3 in the structural VP1 capsid protein. One virus from a patient with hand, foot, and mouth disease had two amino acid changes in the VP1 capsid protein. An amino acid difference was also detected in the non-structural 2C gene of one virus sequenced from a throat swab sample from a patient with meningitis, compared to the faecal specimen taken two days later. Two amino acid changes, one in the capsid protein, were found between faecal samples of meningitis patients of different ages.

Sequencing the whole capsid genome revealed several nucleotide and amino acid differences between E9 virus strains detected in Hungary in 2018.
Labour market reforms and employment hysteresis
Authors: Mota Paulo R. , Vasconcelos Paulo B.
Published: June 2022

This paper analyses the effects of deregulation of employment in an environment of low interest rates and economic uncertainty. For this purpose, we estimate a switching employment equation based on the play model of hysteresis. As a novel feature, the estimation allows for a possible change in the value of the switching parameter after the implementation of labour market reforms. We use Portuguese monthly industrial data spanning from January 2000 to October 2016. Portugal provides a good case study since it is a country where significant measures towards the deregulation of the labour market were applied after the recent financial crisis. The results show that these measures reduced the hysteresis effects in the dynamics of aggregate employment except in the period where uncertainty increased substantially, when the opposite happened.
Higher expectations from international trade: ‘Proactive’ and ‘reactive’ contributions to Turkish-Russian relations
Authors: Ozer-Imer Itir , Kilic Emrullah Can
Published: June 2022

Turkish foreign policy has undergone a distinctive transformation in the last two decades, placing a greater emphasis on trade relations with her neighbours, which had previously been beyond the scope of Turkish foreign policy. In this respect, Turkey's relations with Russia improved dramatically due to strong trade relations, which not only contributed to the development of these countries but also resulted in peace-inducing effects. This study aims to highlight and analyse the role of economic interests and gains in the transformation of Turkish foreign policy from a political economic perspective. The study suggests that economic interests brought Turkey and Russia together, making hostilities less likely among the two countries. We make also policy recommendations, which take peculiarities of Russia into consideration in order to highlight further gains in trade relations with this country.
Changes in colour parameters and anthocyanin content of aseptically filled sour cherry juice during storage
Authors: Ribárszki Ákos , Székely Dóra , Szabó-Nótin Beatrix , Máté Mónika
Published: June 2022

To overcome the problems of seasonality and geographical location in fruit production and processing, the production of aseptic semi-finished juice is an excellent solution. Even without refrigeration, aseptic pressing has a shelf life of more than a year, making it possible to produce finished products all year round. The production technology involves the addition of ascorbic acid to the pulp to fix or preserve colour. There is an increasing customer demand for ascorbic acid substitutes on the international market. In Hungary, one of the most important exports is aseptic sour cherry juice. In our work, ascorbic acid used for colour fixation was replaced by acerola concentrate. The anthocyanin content and colour coordinate values (L*, a*, b*, H, C) of aseptically filled sour cherry juice were determined and compared with the control sample during the 12 months of storage.
Heusler alloys for metal spintronics
Authors: Hirohata Atsufumi , Lloyd David C.
Published: June 2022

Heusler alloys have been theoretically predicted and experimentally demonstrated to be an ideal spin source due to their half-metallicity at room temperature. The half-metallicity also offers low Gilbert damping constants for fast magnetization reversal with low switching current density. These intrinsic properties can offer better operationability in spin-transfer-torque-based devices. In addition spin–orbit torque can be exerted using Heusler alloys for spin Hall and caloritronic effects. These properties can be precisely controlled by substituting the constituent elements in a Heusler alloy. We review the recent development on these spintronic devices and summarize their future perspectives.

Graphical abstract
Educación y actividad intraempresarial en egresados universitarios colombianos
Authors: Moreno-Barragán Jhon-Alexander , Martínez-Romero Ana-Carolina , Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Julián-Esteban , Jiménez-Rojas María-de-los-Ángeles
Published: June 2022

El artículo analiza la educación emprendedora en los cursos curriculares, las actividades extracurriculares y la formación de posgrado o continua en universidades, y busca aportar evidencia de la relación positiva entre actividad intraempresarial y educación en egresados de universidades colombianas. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, correlacional y no experimental, a través de tablas de contingencia y un modelo de regresión logística binomial, con 3.152 egresados de diversos programas de pregrado de 120 universidades.

Los hallazgos sugieren que el hecho de haber cursado asignaturas curriculares de emprendimiento, participar en actividades extracurriculares y tener formación adicional después del pregrado aumenta la probabilidad de que un egresado sea intraempresario. No obstante, la probabilidad no es significativa si el egresado participó, de manera simultánea, tanto en actividades curriculares como en extracurriculares. La formación posterior al pregrado es la que presenta un odd ratio mayor en el modelo.
Le latin au secours de la rhétorique: quelques réflexions autour d’une sagesse pratique
Authors: Darbord Bernard
Published: June 2022

Les pages roses du Petit Larousse illustré constituent un corpus familier, largement consulté par les lecteurs qu’ils soient ou non latinistes. Ces pages ne sont pas limitées au latin et admettent largement le grec, l’anglais, l’allemand ou l’italien. La parole latine y est pourtant majoritaire, pour la raison que l’usage de la langue mère exprime la sagesse proverbiale des anciens. Cette sagesse est partiellement comprise de tous en raison de la proximité du mot de la langue romane et de son étymon. A l’origine de la romanité, le latin peut ainsi exprimer des conseils à l’usage de tous, des concepts juridiques, des proverbes, des phrases situationnelles faciles à placer en conversations et agréables à traduire et à gloser, en faisant plaisamment montre de sa culture. C’est l’une des causes de leur faveur. Tous les proverbes doivent s’appuyer sur une autorité. Le proverbe en latin demande quant à lui une traduction, si les mots qu’il contient sont éloignés de leur évolution en langue romane. La présente étude analysera le corpus du dictionnaire et envisagera quelques aspects de ces sentences, en insistant sur la sagesse, plutôt traditionnelle, qu’elles contiennent.
Poesía de Jovellanos en el fondo Fermín Canella: un nuevo testimonio de la sátira III y un poema erróneamente atribuido
Authors: Olay-Valdés Rodrigo
Published: June 2022

En el presente trabajo damos a conocer dos manuscritos poéticos jovellanistas recientemente localizados en el fondo Fermín Canella del Archivo Tolivar Alas de la Biblioteca Pública “Ramón Pérez de Ayala” de Oviedo. Se trata de dos copias de finales del XIX/principios del XX de mano del estudioso Fermín Canella, ambas de gran relevancia. La primera consiste en una copia perdida –pero de la que existían noticias indirectas– de la sátira III de Jovellanos, relevante porque nos permite concluir que se han introducido diferentes errores textuales en el texto hasta ahora dado por bueno y editado en las Obras completas de Jovellanos preparadas por José Miguel Caso González. La segunda, por su parte, ofrece como obra de Jovellanos un poema nunca hasta ahora atribuido al gijonés. Sin embargo, pese a la indicación del testimonio, el examen del texto, su tradición textual y sus circunstancias de escritura nos permiten descartar su autoría. En conclusión establecemos cómo debería editarse en lo sucesivo la sátira III de Jovellanos y desechamos como suya la composición “[Seis virtudes solas son...]”.
Поселення пізнього етапу трипільської культури Кунисівці і Перебиківці у Подністер’ї
Authors:   Державний історико-культурний заповідник м. Острога, Україна, Позіховський Олександр , Гавінський Андрій ,   Інститут українознавства ім. І. Крип’якевича НАН України, Львів, Україна
Published: June 2022

The late stage of the Tripolye culture, which has recently attracted the interest of various researchers, is particularly worth mentioning. Currently available sources provide the basis for several important conclusions regarding this period. First of all, this culture is characterized by the similarity all over the area of its range in the sets of vessels and their style, in flint and bone items, as well as in construction. Only its northwest region is distinguished. There are: models of houses and anthropomorphic objects in the Badenian type, as well as vessels and battle axe models in the type of the Funnel Beaker culture. Secondly, two chronological horizons of the late Tripolye culture can be distinguished; early – 3350/3300 ВС and late – 3100/3000/2900 ВС. This division is related to the frequency of using cord decorations; in the early stage they were used relatively rarely, whereas later they were more common. Thirdly, at the turn of 4th–3rd thousand BC, apart from the Tripolye culture, among others, there were communities of the Globular Amphora culture in Volhynia. However, in the areas of the Dniester right-bank, groups of the Corded Ware culture might have appeared, whose contacts with the Tripolye culture are currently unknown.
Clustering Crowds
Authors: Kajino Hiroshi , Tsuboi Yuta , Kashima Hisashi
Published: June 2022

We present a clustered personal classifier method (CPC method) that jointly estimates a classifier and clusters of workers in order to address the learning from crowds problem.Crowdsourcing allows us to create a large but low-quality data set at very low cost.The learning from crowds problem is to learn a classifier from such a low-quality data set.From some observations, we notice that workers form clusters according to their abilities.Although such a fact was pointed out several times, no method has applied it to the learning from crowds problem.We propose a CPC method that utilizes the clusters of the workers to improve the performance of the obtained classifier, where both the classifier and the clusters of the workers are estimated.The proposed method has two advantages.One is that it realizes robust estimation of the classifier because it utilizes prior knowledge about the workers that they tend to form clusters.The other is that we can obtain the clusters of the workers, which help us analyze the properties of the workers.Experimental results on synthetic and real data sets indicate that the proposed method can estimate the classifier robustly.In addition, clustering workers is shown to work well. Especially in the real data set, an outlier worker was found by applying the proposed method.
Enabling E-Mobility: Facility Location for Battery Loading Stations
Authors: Storandt Sabine , Funke Stefab
Published: June 2022

The short cruising range due to the limited battery supply of current Electric Vehicles (EVs) is one of the main obstacles for a complete transition to E-mobility. Until batteries ofhigher energy storage density have been developed, it is of utmost importance to deliberately plan the locations of new loading stations for best possible coverage. Ideally the network of loading stations should allow driving from anywhere to anywhere (and back) without running out of energy. We show that minimizing the number of necessary loading stations to achieve this goal is NP-hard and even worse, we can rule out polynomial-time constant approximation algorithms. Hence algorithms with better approximation guarantees have to make use of the special structure of road networks (which is not obvious how to do it). On the positive side, we show with instance based lower bounds that our heuris-tic algorithms achieve provably good solutions on real-world problem instances.
Teamwork with Limited Knowledge of Teammates
Authors: Barrett Samuel , Stone Peter , Kraus Sarit , Rosenfeld Avi
Published: June 2022

While great strides have been made in multiagent teamwork, existing approaches typically assume extensive information exists about teammates and how to coordinate actions. This paper addresses how robust teamwork can still be created even if limited or no information exists about a specific group of teammates, as in the ad hoc teamwork scenario. The main contribution of this paper is the first empirical evaluation of an agent cooperating with teammates not created by the authors, where the agent is not provided expert knowledge of its teammates. For this purpose, we develop a general-purpose teammate modeling method and test the resulting ad hoc team agent's ability to collaborate with more than 40 unknown teams of agents to accomplish a benchmark task. These agents were designed by people other than the authors without these designers planning for the ad hoc teamwork setting. A secondary contribution of the paper is a new transfer learning algorithm, TwoStageTransfer, that can improve results when the ad hoc team agent does have some limited observations of its current teammates.
Basis Adaptation for Sparse Nonlinear Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Mahadevan Sridhar , Giguere Stephen , Jacek Nicholas
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a new approach to representation discovery in reinforcement learning (RL) using basis adaptation. We introduce a general framework for basis adaptation as {\em nonlinear separable least-squares value function approximation} based on finding Frechet gradients of an error function using variable projection functionals. We then present a scalable proximal gradient-based approach for basis adaptation using the recently proposed mirror-descent framework for RL. Unlike traditional temporal-difference (TD) methods for RL, mirror descent based RL methods undertake proximal gradient updates of weights in a dual space, which is linked together with the primal space using a Legendre transform involving the gradient of a strongly convex function. Mirror descent RL can be viewed as a proximal TD algorithm using Bregman divergence as the distance generating function. We present a new class of regularized proximal-gradient based TD methods, which combine feature selection through sparse L1 regularization and basis adaptation. Experimental results are provided to illustrate and validate the approach.
Pruning for Monte Carlo Distributed Reinforcement Learning in Decentralized POMDPs
Authors: Banerjee Bikramjit
Published: June 2022

Decentralized partially observable Markov decision processes (Dec-POMDPs) offer a powerful modeling technique for realistic multi-agent coordination problems under uncertainty. Prevalent solution techniques are centralized and assume prior knowledge of the model. Recently a Monte Carlo based distributed reinforcement learning approach was proposed, where agents take turns to learn best responses to each other’s policies. This promotes decentralization of the policy computation problem, and relaxes reliance on the full knowledge of the problem parameters. However, this Monte Carlo approach has a large sample complexity, which we address in this paper. In particular, we propose and analyze a modified version of the previous algorithm that adaptively eliminates parts of the experience tree from further exploration, thus requiring fewer samples while ensuring unchanged confidence in the learned value function. Experiments demonstrate significant reduction in sample complexity – the maximum reductions ranging from 61% to 91% over different benchmark Dec-POMDP problems – with the final policies being often better due to more focused exploration.
Mapping Users across Networks by Manifold Alignment on Hypergraph
Authors: Tan Shulong , Guan Ziyu , Cai Deng , Qin Xuzhen , Bu Jiajun , Chen Chun
Published: June 2022

Nowadays many people are members of multiple online social networks simultaneously, such as Facebook, Twitter and some other instant messaging circles. But these networks are usually isolated from each other. Mapping common users across these social networks will benefit many applications. Methods based on username comparison perform well on parts of users, however they can not work in the following situations: (a) users choose different usernames in different networks; (b) a unique username corresponds to different individuals. In this paper, we propose to utilize social structures to improve the mapping performance. Specifically, a novel subspace learning algorithm, Manifold Alignment on Hypergraph (MAH), is proposed. Different from traditional semi-supervised manifold alignment methods, we use hypergraph to model high-order relations here. For a target user in one network, the proposed algorithm ranks all users in the other network by their possibilities of being the corresponding user. Moreover, methods based on username comparison can be incorporated into our algorithm easily to further boost the mapping accuracy. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm in mapping users across networks.
Predicting Emotions in User-Generated Videos
Authors: Jiang Yu-Gang , Xu Baohan , Xue Xiangyang
Published: June 2022

User-generated video collections are expanding rapidly in recent years, and systems for automatic analysis of these collections are in high demands. While extensive research efforts have been devoted to recognizing semantics like "birthday party" and "skiing", little attempts have been made to understand the emotions carried by the videos, e.g., "joy" and "sadness". In this paper, we propose a comprehensive computational framework for predicting emotions in user-generated videos. We first introduce a rigorously designed dataset collected from popular video-sharing websites with manual annotations, which can serve as a valuable benchmark for future research. A large set of features are extracted from this dataset, ranging from popular low-level visual descriptors, audio features, to high-level semantic attributes. Results of a comprehensive set of experiments indicate that combining multiple types of features---such as the joint use of the audio and visual clues---is important, and attribute features such as those containing sentiment-level semantics are very effective.
Online Social Spammer Detection
Authors: Hu Xia , Tang Jiliang , Liu Huan
Published: June 2022

The explosive use of social media also makes it a popular platform for malicious users, known as social spammers, to overwhelm normal users with unwanted content. One effective way for social spammer detection is to build a classifier based on content and social network information. However, social spammers are sophisticated and adaptable to game the system with fast evolving content and network patterns. First, social spammers continually change their spamming content patterns to avoid being detected. Second, reflexive reciprocity makes it easier for social spammers to establish social influence and pretend to be normal users by quickly accumulating a large number of "human" friends. It is challenging for existing anti-spamming systems based on batch-mode learning to quickly respond to newly emerging patterns for effective social spammer detection. In this paper, we present a general optimization framework to collectively use content and network information for social spammer detection, and provide the solution for efficient online processing. Experimental results on Twitter datasets confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework.
Effective Management of Electric Vehicle Storage Using Smart Charging
Authors: Valogianni Konstantina , Ketter Wolfgang , Collins John , Zhdanov Dmitry
Published: June 2022

The growing Electric Vehicles' (EVs) popularity among commuters creates new challenges for the smart grid. The most important of them is the uncoordinated EV charging that substantially increases the energy demand peaks, putting the smart grid under constant strain. In order to cope with these peaks the grid needs extra infrastructure, a costly solution. We propose an Adaptive Management of EV Storage (AMEVS) algorithm, implemented through a learning agent that acts on behalf of individual EV owners and schedules EV charging over a weekly horizon. It accounts for individual preferences so that mobility service is not violated but also individual benefit is maximized. We observe that it reshapes the energy demand making it less volatile so that fewer resources are needed to cover peaks. It assumes Vehicle-to-Grid discharging when the customer has excess capacity. Our agent uses Reinforcement Learning trained on real world data to learn individual household consumption behavior and to schedule EV charging. Unlike previous work, AMEVS is a fully distributed approach. We show that AMEVS achieves significant reshaping of the energy demand curve and peak reduction, which is correlated with customer preferences regarding perceived utility of energy availability. Additionally, we show that the average and peak energy prices are reduced as a result of smarter energy use.
Approximate Equilibrium and Incentivizing Social Coordination
Authors: Anshelevich Elliot , Sekar Shreyas
Published: June 2022

We study techniques to incentivize self-interested agents to form socially desirable solutions in scenarios where they benefit from mutual coordination. Towards this end, we consider coordination games where agents have different intrinsic preferences but they stand to gain if others choose the same strategy as them. For non-trivial versions of our game, stable solutions like Nash Equilibrium may not exist, or may be socially inefficient even when they do exist. This motivates us to focus on designing efficient algorithms to compute (almost) stable solutions like Approximate Equilibrium that can be realized if agents are provided some additional incentives. Our results apply in many settings like adoption of new products, project selection, and group formation, where a central authority can direct agents towards a strategy but agents may defect if they have better alternatives. We show that for any given instance, we can either compute a high quality approximate equilibrium or a near-optimal solution that can be stabilized by providing small payments to some players. Our results imply that a little influence is necessary in order to ensure that selfish players coordinate and form socially efficient solutions.
A Generalization of Probabilistic Serial to Randomized Social Choice
Authors: Aziz Haris , Stursberg Paul
Published: June 2022

The probabilistic serial rule is one of the most well-established and desirable rules for the random assignment problem. We present the egalitarian simultaneous reservation social decision scheme – an extension of probabilistic serial to the more general setting of randomized social choice. We consider various desirable fairness, efficiency, and strategic properties of social decision schemes and show that egalitarian simultaneous reservation compares favorably against existing rules. Finally, we define a more general class of social decision schemes called simultaneous reservation, that contains egalitarian simultaneous reservation as well as the serial dictatorship rules. We show that outcomes of simultaneous reservation characterize efficiency with respect to a natural refinement of stochastic dominance.
The Fisher Market Game: Equilibrium and Welfare
Authors: Brânzei Simina , Chen Yiling , Deng Xiaotie , Filos-Ratsikas Aris , Frederiksen Søren , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2022

The Fisher market model is one of the most fundamental resource allocation models in economics. In a Fisher market, the prices and allocations of goods are determined according to the preferences and budgets of buyers to clear the market. In a Fisher market game, however, buyers are strategic and report their preferences over goods; the market-clearing prices and allocations are then determined based on their reported preferences rather than their real preferences. We show that the Fisher market game always has a pure Nash equilibrium, for buyers with linear, Leontief, and Cobb-Douglas utility functions, which are three representative classes of utility functions in the important Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) family. Furthermore, to quantify the social efficiency, we prove Price of Anarchy bounds for the game when the utility functions of buyers fall into these three classes respectively.
Regret Transfer and Parameter Optimization
Authors: Brown Noam , Sandholm Tuomas
Published: June 2022

Regret matching is a widely-used algorithm for learning how to act. We begin by proving that regrets on actions in one setting (game) can be transferred to warm start the regrets for solving a different setting with same structure but different payoffs that can be written as a function of parameters. We prove how this can be done by carefully discounting the prior regrets. This provides, to our knowledge, the first principled warm-starting method for no-regret learning. It also extends to warm-starting the widely-adopted counterfactual regret minimization (CFR) algorithm for large incomplete-information games; we show this experimentally as well. We then study optimizing a parameter vector for a player in a two-player zero-sum game (e.g., optimizing bet sizes to use in poker). We propose a custom gradient descent algorithm that provably finds a locally optimal parameter vector while leveraging our warm-start theory to significantly save regret-matching iterations at each step. It optimizes the parameter vector while simultaneously finding an equilibrium. We present experiments in no-limit Leduc Hold'em and no-limit Texas Hold'em to optimize bet sizing. This amounts to the first action abstraction algorithm (algorithm for selecting a small number of discrete actions to use from a continuum of actions---a key preprocessing step for solving large games using current equilibrium-finding algorithms) with convergence guarantees for extensive-form games.
Relaxation Search: A Simple Way of Managing Optional Clauses
Authors: Bacchus Fahiem , Davies Jessica , Tsimpoukelli Maria , Katsirelos George
Published: June 2022

A number of problems involve managing a set of optional clauses. For example, the soft clauses in a MAXSAT formula are optional—they can be falsified for a cost. Similarly, when computing a Minimum Correction Set for an unsatisfiable formula, all clauses are optional—some can be falsified in order to satisfy the remaining. In both of these cases the task is to find a subset of the optional clauses that achieves some criteria, and whose removal leaves a satisfiable formula. Relaxation search is a simple method of using a standard SAT solver to solve this task. Relaxation search is easy to implement, sometimes requiring only a simple modification of the variable selection heuristic in the SAT solver; it offers considerable flexibility and control over the order in which subsets of optional clauses are examined; and it automatically exploits clause learning to exchange information between the two phases of finding a suitable subset of optional clauses and checking if their removal yields satisfiability. We demonstrate how relaxation search can be used to solve MAXSAT and to compute Minimum Correction Sets. In both cases relaxation search is able to achieve state-of-the-art performance and solve some instances other solvers are not able to solve.
Reasoning on LTL on Finite Traces: Insensitivity to Infiniteness
Authors: De Giacomo Giuseppe , De Masellis Riccardo , Montali Marco
Published: June 2022

In this paper we study when an LTL formula on finite traces (LTLf formula) is insensitive to infiniteness, that is, it can be correctly handled as a formula on infinite traces under the assumption that at a certain point the infinite trace starts repeating an end event forever, trivializing all other propositions to false. This intuition has been put forward and (wrongly) assumed to hold in general in the literature. We define a necessary and sufficient condition to characterize whether an LTLf formula is insensitive to infiniteness, which can be automatically checked by any LTL reasoner. Then, we show that typical LTLf specification patterns used in process and service modeling in CS, as well as trajectory constraints in Planning and transition-based LTLf specifications of action domains in KR, are indeed very often insensitive to infiniteness. This may help to explain why the assumption of interpreting LTL on finite and on infinite traces has been (wrongly) blurred. Possibly because of this blurring, virtually all literature detours to Buechi automata for constructing the NFA that accepts the traces satisfying an LTLf formula. As a further contribution, we give a simple direct algorithm for computing such NFA.
Automatic Construction and Natural-Language Description of Nonparametric Regression Models
Authors: Lloyd James , Duvenaud David , Grosse Roger , Tenenbaum Joshua , Ghahramani Zoubin
Published: June 2022

This paper presents the beginnings of an automatic statistician, focusing on regression problems. Our system explores an open-ended space of statistical models to discover a good explanation of a data set, and then produces a detailed report with figures and natural-language text. Our approach treats unknown regression functions nonparametrically using Gaussian processes, which has two important consequences. First, Gaussian processes can model functions in terms of high-level properties (e.g. smoothness, trends, periodicity, changepoints). Taken together with the compositional structure of our language of models this allows us to automatically describe functions in simple terms. Second, the use of flexible nonparametric models and a rich language for composing them in an open-ended manner also results in state-of-the-art extrapolation performance evaluated over 13 real time series data sets from various domains.
Calibration-Free BCI Based Control
Authors: Grizou Jonathan , Iturrate Iñaki , Montesano Luis , Oudeyer Pierre-Yves , Lopes Manuel
Published: June 2022

Recent works have explored the use of brain signals to directly control virtual and robotic agents in sequential tasks. So far in such brain-computer interfaces (BCI), an explicit calibration phase was required to build a decoder that translates raw electroencephalography (EEG) signals from the brain of each user into meaningful instructions. This paper proposes a method that removes the calibration phase, and allows a user to control an agent to solve a sequential task. The proposed method assumes a distribution of possible tasks, and infers the interpretation of EEG signals and the task by selecting the hypothesis which best explains the history of interaction. We introduce a measure of uncertainty on the task and on the EEG signal interpretation to act as an exploratory bonus for a planning strategy. This speeds up learning by guiding the system to regions that better disambiguate among task hypotheses. We report experiments where four users use BCI to control an agent on a virtual world to reach a target without any previous calibration process.