bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Child‐oriented family therapy in China: A cross‐cultural application of integrative family therapy targeting children aged 4–10
Authors: Hu Ruoshi
Published: June 2023

This article describes child‐oriented family therapy (COF), a family therapy approach to early psychological and behavioral problems that is widely applied in northern Europe and has been adopted by countries with different cultures, such as Germany and China. This article explains the theoretical background, setting, characteristics, development and effective factors of this method and explores relevant research. In addition, the application of this method in China and reflections on its applicability to families in different cultures are presented. A clinical case is provided to illustrate the core therapeutic principles of COF. Since the application of COF interventions to families with children in Asian cultures remains understudied, the widespread availability of COF and adaptation to local conditions could facilitate training and research achievements in this field.
Structural insights into the ligand binding domain of GluD1 and GluD2 receptors
Authors: Tricoire Ludovic , Hepp Régine
Published: June 2023

GluD1 and GluD2 subunits (also known as delta 1 and 2) are the members of the delta family of ionotropic glutamate receptors. They are particularly puzzling, since they are unable to bind glutamate, but rather bind glycine and d‐serine via their classical ligand binding domain (LBD). While GluD2 has been the subject of intensive research over the past decades, it is only recently that GluD1 received similar interest and very few studies compare the properties of these two membrane proteins. In their research article included in this issue, Masternak et al. resolved the 3D structure of the GluD1 LBD, compared its d‐serine sensitivity with that of GluD2 and identified critical residues involved in the dynamics of the LBD.
Slow Mohs micrographic surgery for nail apparatus melanoma in situ
Authors: Zhang Shu , Wang Yuanzhuo , Fang Kai , Jia Qiannan , Zhang Hanlin , Qu Tao
Published: June 2023

Background

Nail apparatus melanoma is a malignant tumor with a high incidence in Chinese melanoma patients. Slow Mohs micrographic surgery is an emerging technique for treating nail apparatus melanoma in situ (NAMIS).

Objective

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of slow Mohs micrographic surgery for treating NAMIS.

Methods

Patients were enrolled in this retrospective study and treated in a single center from October 1, 2016, to June 30, 2022. Each patient underwent standard slow Mohs micrographic surgery, and follow‐up was regularly conducted at clinics.

Results

Ten patients were enrolled in the study. Two patients underwent one Mohs stage, seven underwent two Mohs stages, and one underwent seven Mohs stages. The resection margin ranged from 5 to 25 mm. No severe complications were reported in the treatment, and recurrence of NAMIS was not observed during the follow‐up period.

Conclusion

Slow Mohs micrographic surgery is a valuable surgical method to treat NAMIS that preserves digit function and can be well tolerated by patients.
Linking the willingness of smallholder dairy farmers to adopt minimum food safety and quality standards to the country's export potential
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Waqar , Moazzam Muhammad , Raziq Muhammad Mustafa , Ahmed Waqas
Published: June 2023

Food safety is a crucial aspect of human well‐being, covered under the second sustainable development goal (SDG). Sustainable food supply chains must ensure compliance with food safety standards from farm to fork. Consumers in developed countries are becoming ever more demanding regarding ‘producers’ compliance with food safety and quality standards. Most food products ending up in high‐end markets come from developing countries, predominantly agricultural economies characterised by fragmented and smallholder farmers. Owing to enhanced agricultural exports, developing countries are struggling to implement or improve food safety standards. This study examines the link between the willingness of smallholder dairy farmers to adopt minimum food safety standards and the country's ability to export agri‐food products. Moreover, it investigates the role of farmer's supply chain learning and level of value addition in this relationship. A cross‐section of 260 smallholder dairy farmers was surveyed from four districts of the Punjab province in Pakistan through purposive sampling. The data were collected using a questionnaire using a 5‐point Likert scale to gauge ‘farmers’ responses. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We found significant mediation of supply chain learning and value addition between compliance with minimum food safety standards and the country's export potential. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on food safety by testing its relationship with a country's export potential and the factors affecting this relationship. Moreover, it provides food for thought for policymakers in food safety.
Effect of extrusion processing and simulated human digestion on the allergenicity of bambara groundnut protein
Authors: Astuti Rizki Maryam , Palupi Nurheni Sri , Suhartono Maggy Thenawidjaja , Lioe Hanifah Nuryani , Kusumaningtyas Eni , Subekti Didik Tulus
Published: June 2023

Extrusion has been reported as a method for reducing protein allergenicity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of extrusion on proteins contained in bambara groundnut flour on the allergenicity of the nut. Allergenicity could also be assessed after human digestion using simulated enzyme digestion. Bambara groundnut flour was extruded and followed by pepsin and pancreatin digestion. SDS‐PAGE, immunoblotting and ELISA were performed to reveal the protein profiles before and after extrusion and to locate the proteins with their IgE binding properties. Two bands following SDS‐PAGE at a similar range of molecular weight (11 and 13 kDa) were identified with the IgE binding in 4 of 10 human sera after the raw bambara groundnut flour was digested by the digestion enzymes. On the contrary, none of the protein bands was observed in its extruded flour, with or without simulated digestion treatment. ELISA analysis showed that the extrusion could decrease allergenicity by approximately 60%. After digestion, the allergenicity reduction of the extruded flour could reach 100%. Therefore, extrusion is a promising food processing method to reduce the allergenicity of bambara groundnut protein.
Enrichment of a local sourdough bread with zinc and selenium through the use of biofortified whole wheat flour
Authors: Karaduman Yaşar , Özer Sıla Seda , Akın Arzu
Published: June 2023

In this study, obtaining sourdough bread enriched in zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) with biofortified whole wheat flour (BWWF) was investigated. Sourdough bread flour was blended with BWWF in the ratios of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25. The Zn and Se contents varied from 12.06 to 43.06 mg/kg and from 80.73 to 267.58 μg/kg in the substituted flours (SFs), respectively. Gluten‐quality‐related technological and rheological properties of SFs were also determined. The BWWF negatively affected those parameters, and GlutoPeak torque before maximum and peak maximum time, alveograph energy and extensibility, sedimentation volume, gluten index and lactic acid solvent retention capacity values decreased substantially to 21.0 GPU, 27.5 s, 85.67 10−4 × J, 18.0 mm, 33.33 mL, 81.98% and 78.72%, respectively. The Zn contents of the SFs bread varied between 10.48 and 43.88 mg/kg, and the Se contents were found between 55.7 and 224.3 μg/kg. At 75% replacement, the recommended daily allowance (RDA) was obtained at 33.3% and 36.0% for selenium in adults, respectively, while it was 27.1% for zinc and 25.6% for selenium at the 50% substitution level. With the increase in substitution rates, the volumes of the SFs breads decreased from 337.5 to 516.3 mL, their organoleptic properties deteriorated, and the hardness of the breads increased from 507.5 to 3633.1 g. In the study, the whiteness index (WI) value was higher in the A yeast combination breads. The sensory properties of pore structure, taste and chewiness of the 25% substitution SFs bread were close to those of the control. Compared with control bread, all SFs bread had statistically higher (P < 0.01) ash, protein, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity (ranging from 1.893% to 2.495%, 8.22% to 11.60%, 75.85 to 117.74 mg GAE/100 g and 8.84 to 13.34 inhibition%, respectively).
Cell‐free DNA for detection of clonal B cells in diffuse large B cell lymphoma by sequencing
Authors: Højlund Elisabeth Luna , Cédile Oriane , Larsen Thomas Stauffer , Vimalathas Gayaththri , Møller Michael Boe , Hansen Marcus Høy , Nyvold Charlotte Guldborg
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma in the western world. It is highly heterogeneous with a variable clinical course, but curable with chemo‐immunotherapy in up to 70% of all cases. The lymphoma presents in lymph nodes and/or extranodal lymphoid tissue, and the diagnosis is based on invasive procedures for histopathologic evaluation.

Methods

In this technical study, we evaluated cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) from blood plasma to detect clonal B cells in patients with DLBCL using rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain gene as targets by next‐generation sequencing. Clonal B cell sequences and frequencies were determined from blood plasma cfDNA and cellular DNA from matched excised lymphoma tissues and mononuclear cells isolated from diagnostic bone marrow and blood samples from 15 patients.

Results

We showed that identical clonal rearrangements could be detected in blood plasma and excised lymphoma tissue and that plasma cfDNA was superior in detecting clonal rearrangements compared to blood or bone marrow‐derived cellular DNA.

Conclusion

These findings consolidate the role of blood plasma as a reliable and easily accessible source for detecting neoplastic cells in DLBCL.
Molecular findings in myeloid neoplasms
Authors: Tran Tho B. , Siddon Alexa J.
Published: June 2023

The proliferation of new molecular technologies in recent years has greatly advanced our knowledge of the genetics that underlie hematologic cancers. Particularly, with the advent and wide‐implementation of next‐generation sequencing (NGS), a host of somatic (and some germline) gene mutations have been identified as significant in the classification, prognostication, and treatment of the spectrum of myeloid neoplasms. These driver and disease modifier mutations now play a prominent role in the updated international diagnostic guidelines of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS), and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). As high‐throughput technologies such as NGS increasingly become standard in the genetic evaluation of myeloid disorders, it is critical that clinicians understand the clinical relevance of these mutations in order to further personalize patient care. In this review we discuss some of the most essential somatic and cytogenetic findings.
Traduttore, traditore? Gains and losses from the translation of the economies of worth
Authors: Grattarola Alfredo , Gond Jean‐Pascal , Haefliger Stefan
Published: June 2023

The economies of worth, a theory of moral cognition and coordination by sociologist Luc Boltanski and economist Laurent Thévenot, are increasingly used in organization and management studies. We critically review a broad selection of this literature to assess what has been gained from the interdisciplinary translations of the original theory. We identify in the literature multiple patterns that contribute from different angles to a consistent set of concepts for research at the intersection of organizations, socio‐technological change, and morality. We also indicate theoretical and methodological developments that would further enrich these gains.
¿Son efectivos los tratados internacionales solo para los Estados ratificantes? Influencia de los convenios de la OIT sobre la protección de la maternidad en el mundo
Authors: SON Keonhi
Published: June 2023

Frente a la expectativa de que los Estados ratificantes son los únicos que cumplen los convenios internacionales, en este artículo se defiende la tesis de que los Estados no ratificantes, para aumentar su legitimidad, adecuan sus normas a los convenios de la OIT. Mediante una nueva base de datos históricos, se analiza la evolución de las disposiciones sobre la licencia de maternidad en 160 países de 1883 a 2018 a la luz de la adopción por la Conferencia Internacional del Trabajo de los convenios sobre la protección de la maternidad. Los resultados empíricos confirman que, poco después, tanto los Estados ratificantes como los no ratificantes mejoraron sus políticas conexas.
Género, situación familiar y características de salud. Análisis de las desigualdades en el sistema chileno de pensiones
Authors: PARADA‐CONTZEN Marcela
Published: June 2023

El objeto de este estudio es medir el impacto de los acontecimientos del ciclo vital sobre el ahorro acumulado para la jubilación en un sistema de previsión social con cuentas individuales de ahorro obligatorias. Se presenta un conjunto de ecuaciones correlacionadas que incorporan el comportamiento laboral, las decisiones de cartera y ahorro, las preferencias de riesgo y las características familiares y de salud, utilizando datos de un experimento chileno emblemático. Los resultados indican que una mujer situada en el centro de la distribución de la riqueza, casada y con dos hijos, que sufre un problema de salud en los diez últimos años de su vida laboral, acumula menos riqueza que una persona homóloga con un buen historial de salud.
Information sharing and political polarisation on social media: The role of falsehood and partisanship
Authors: Weismueller Jason , Gruner Richard L. , Harrigan Paul , Coussement Kristof , Wang Shasha
Published: June 2023

We explore if misinformation from political elites (i.e., members of the US Congress) and extreme partisan information from media outlets generate greater engagement than accurate information and non‐extreme partisan information. We also investigate how exposure to these information types leads to negative emotions (e.g., anger) in individuals and its association with attitude polarisation. To this end, we analysed fact‐checked tweets from political elites, tweets from media outlets and replies to those tweets. Together, these tweets received more than 100 000 replies and were shared more than two million times. We also conducted two online experiments. Our field studies reveal that misinformation and extreme partisan information are associated with higher levels of negative emotions and greater engagement than accurate information and non‐extreme partisan information. Our data also show that—while negative emotions in response to extreme partisan information are higher among social media users at the ideological extreme than those at the ideological centre—there is no difference in the two groups' level of negative emotions in response to misinformation. The online experiments demonstrate that exposure to misinformation and extreme partisan information elicits stronger negative emotions than exposure to accurate information and non‐extreme partisan information. These negative emotions, in turn, contribute to attitude polarisation. Our work makes practical and theoretical contributions concerning social media information sharing, negativity and political polarisation. We also provide future research avenues with associated research questions.
Moisture sorption isotherms of reduced‐sugar confectionery coatings elaborated with stevia: Mathematical modeling and thermodynamic analysis
Authors: Meza Bárbara E. , Peralta Juan Manuel
Published: June 2023

This work was focused on the study of the adsorption phenomena in reduced‐sugar confectionery coatings elaborated with a high‐intensity sweetener (stevia) as a sucrose substitute. Formulations with different sucrose/stevia contents were elaborated and dried by casting method (60°C for 24 h). Films with dispersed/continuous phase ratios () ranging from 5 (60% sugar) to 2 (0% sugar) were obtained and stored at different temperatures () (5, 25, and 40°C) and water activities (0.206–0.963). Equilibrium moisture contents () were determined by a gravimetric method (drying at 70°C for 6 h and 0.01 atm). The experimental data and phenomena (net isosteric heat and entropy of adsorption) were successfully described through the theoretically‐based generalized D'Arcy and Watt model. An antithetical temperature effect on was observed between 25 and 40°C. Two crossover points were found and affected by and . Novel and industrially‐useful information on reduced‐sugar confectionery coatings was obtained.

Practical Application

The sorption of water vapor by foods has received much attention because it is important for evaluating quality changes during storage and for modeling industrial processes. The development of new reduced‐sugar and free‐sugar products is increasing, due to consumers awareness of their well‐being and health. This work presents original research on the mathematical description of the sorption process of reduced‐sugar confectionery coatings elaborated with stevia (a high‐intensity natural sweetener). Four levels of sucrose replacement by stevia and a wide range of storage temperatures (5–40°C) and water activities (0.206–0.963) were analyzed. The information obtained in this work could be useful for researchers and technicians to estimate and control the moisture adsorption performance of sweetened coatings elaborated with traditional (sucrose) and alternative (natural sweeteners) ingredients in practical situations, such as storage and processing.
Are future recycling benefits misleading? Prospective life cycle assessment of lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Šimaitis Joris , Allen Stephen , Vagg Christopher
Published: June 2023

Life cycle assessment (LCA) quantifies the whole‐life environmental impacts of products and is essential for helping policymakers and manufacturers transition toward sustainable practices. However, typical LCA estimates future recycling benefits as if it happens today. For long‐lived products such as lithium‐ion batteries, this may be misleading since there is a considerable time gap between production and recycling. To explore this temporal mismatch problem, we apply future electricity scenarios from an integrated assessment model—IMAGE—using “premise” in Brightway2 to conduct a prospective LCA (pLCA) on the global warming potential of six battery chemistries and four recycling routes. We find that by 2050, electricity decarbonization under an RCP2.6 scenario mitigates production impacts by 57%, so to reach zero‐carbon batteries it is important to decarbonize upstream heat, fuels, and direct emissions. For the best battery recycling case, data for 2020 gives a net recycling benefit of −22 kg CO2e kWh−1 which reduces the net impact of production and recycling from 71 to 49 kg CO2e kWh−1. However, for recycling in 2040 with decarbonized electricity, net recycling benefits would be nearly 75% lower (−6 kg CO2e kWh−1), giving a net impact of 65 kg CO2e kWh−1. This is because materials recycled in the future substitute lower‐impact processes due to expected electricity decarbonization. Hence, more focus should be placed on mitigating production impacts today instead of relying on future recycling. These findings demonstrate the importance of pLCA in tackling problems such as temporal mismatch that are difficult to capture in typical LCA.
Assessing diabetic polyneuropathy in Spanish‐speaking patients: Translation and validation of the Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score
Authors: Idiáquez Rios Juan Francisco , Acosta Ignacio , Prat Alberto , Gattini Francesca , Pino Francisca , Barnett‐Tapia Carolina
Published: June 2023

Background and Aims

Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSP) is a common complication of diabetes. The Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (TCNS) is a useful tool for detecting DSP. However, it is not available in Spanish. The study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the TCNS and modified (mTCNS) scales into Spanish and evaluate their measurement properties.

Methods

A multistep forward‐backward method was used for translation and cultural adaptation. A panel of physicians subjected the final Spanish versions of TCNS and mTCNS (TCÑS, mTCÑS) to cognitive debriefing. Consecutive patients with diabetes mellitus and DSP were recruited from an outpatient clinic, and the TCÑS and mTCÑS were tested for construct validity, along with other measures.

Results

The internal consistency of both TCÑS and mTCÑS was excellent, as evidenced by Cronbach's Alpha coefficients of 0.83 and 0.85, respectively. Furthermore, there was a robust positive correlation between TCÑS and mTCÑS. In addition, TCÑS was found to exhibit a strong negative correlation with sural sensory nerve action potential amplitude (r = −0.9206) and peroneal compound motor action potential amplitude (r = −0.729), while demonstrating a positive and strong correlation with the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (r = 0.713).

Interpretation

The TCÑS and mTCÑS are reliable and valid translations of the original TCNS. The TCÑS and mTCÑS can be used to diagnose and measure the severity of neuropathy in Spanish‐speaking patients with diabetes.
Effects of pregnancy and lactation on muscle‐tendon morphology
Authors: Danos Nicole , Patrick Marjorie , Barretto Jacob , Bilotta Francesca , Lee Megan
Published: June 2023

Pregnancy and lactation hormones have been shown to mediate anatomical changes to the musculoskeletal system that generates animal movement. In this study, we characterize changes in the medial gastrocnemius muscle, its tendon and aponeuroses that are likely to have an effect on whole animal movement and energy expenditure, using the rat model system, Rattus norvegicus. We quantified muscle architecture (mass, cross‐sectional area, and pennation angle), muscle fiber type and diameter, and Young's modulus of stiffness for the medial gastrocnemius aponeuroses as well as its contribution to Achilles tendon in three groups of three‐month‐old female rats: virgin, primiparous pregnant, and primiparous lactating animals. We found that muscle mass drops by 23% during lactation but does not change during pregnancy. We also found that during pregnancy muscle fibers switch from Type I to IIa and during lactation from Type IIb to Type I. The stiffness of connective tissues that has a demonstrated role in locomotion, the aponeurosis and tendon, also changed. Pregnant animals had a significantly less stiff aponeurosis. However, tendon stiffness was most affected during lactation, with a significant drop in stiffness and interindividual variation. We propose that the energetic demands of locomotion may have driven the evolution of these anatomical changes in muscle‐tendon units during pregnancy and lactation to ensure more energy can be allocated to fetal development and lactation.
Within‐family linkages between parental monitoring and adolescents externalizing problems with autonomy support as a moderator
Authors: Vrolijk Paula , Van Lissa Caspar J. , Branje Susan , Meeus Wim H. J. , Keizer Renske
Published: June 2023

Parents' monitoring efforts are thought to be effective in reducing children's future externalizing problems. Empirical evidence for this claim, however, is limited, as only few studies have unraveled the temporal ordering of these constructs. The present six‐wave longitudinal study contributed to the existing literature by examining within‐family linkages between monitoring efforts (behavioral control and solicitation) and adolescents' externalizing behaviors while controlling for between‐family differences. In addition, it was assessed whether these associations differed when using child versus parent reports, differed for less versus more autonomy‐supportive parents, and differed for fathers' versus mothers' monitoring efforts. Longitudinal data (six annual waves) of 497 adolescents (56.9% boys, Mage at T1 = 13.03, SD = 0.46), their mothers (N = 495, Mage at T1 = 44.41, SD = 4.45), and their fathers (N = 446, Mage at T1 = 46.74, SD = 5.10) of the Dutch study Research on Adolescent Development and Relationships (RADAR) were used. Results showed no evidence for the claim that parents' monitoring efforts predict future externalizing problems. In contrast, we found some evidence for the idea that parents' monitoring efforts change in reaction to changes in externalizing problems; when adolescents reported higher levels of externalizing problems than usual in 1 year, this predicted less behavioral control from mothers in the next year. Linkages between monitoring efforts and externalizing problems did not differ between less or more autonomy‐supportive parents. Overall, our findings suggest that monitoring efforts are not effective, but also not damaging, in relation to adolescents' externalizing problems.
Owner‐assisted recovery and early discharge after surgical treatment in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome
Authors: Camarasa J. J. , Gordo I. , Bird F. G. , Vallefuoco R. , Longley M. , Brissot H. N.
Published: June 2023

Objectives

This study aims to describe a perioperative protocol for dogs recovered from anaesthesia with the owners and discharged from the hospital on the same day after surgical management of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome and to determine whether implementation of this protocol was associated with reduced incidence of complications compared with standard anaesthesia recovery and 24 hours hospitalisation.

Materials and Methods

Medical records of dogs that underwent brachycephalic obstructive airway surgery over two consecutive years (June 2017 to May 2019) were reviewed retrospectively. Signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic findings, surgical procedures and postoperative respiratory complications were recorded. Data were compared using the chi‐squared or Fisher's exact tests.

Results

Sixty‐three dogs met the inclusion criteria for the study. Forty‐two dogs underwent owner‐assisted recovery and 21 dogs standard recovery. No statistical difference was found between groups in age, breed, gender, severity of respiratory or gastrointestinal clinical signs and surgical techniques employed. The incidence of postoperative complications was higher in dogs that received standard recovery (28%) compared to dogs recovered with the owners (2%). None of the dogs recovered with the owners and discharged the same day required veterinary assistance after discharge from the hospital.

Clinical Significance

Corrective surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome was associated with lower postoperative respiratory complications when dogs were discharged on the same day after recovery with the owners. Owner‐assisted recovery and early discharge are possible and safe and may decrease the incidence of postoperative complications. However, other unmeasured factors may have contributed to the lower complication rate in dogs recovered with the owners during the course of this study.
Functional principal component analysis for cointegrated functional time series
Authors: Seo Won‐Ki
Published: June 2023

Functional principal component analysis (FPCA) has played an important role in the development of functional time series analysis. This note investigates how FPCA can be used to analyze cointegrated functional time series and proposes a modification of FPCA as a novel statistical tool. Our modified FPCA not only provides an asymptotically more efficient estimator of the cointegrating vectors, but also leads to novel FPCA‐based tests for examining essential properties of cointegrated functional time series.
Experimental constraints on the volatility of germanium, zinc, and lithium in Martian basalts and the role of degassing in alteration of surface minerals
Authors: Rogaski Alexander , Ustunisik Gokce K. , Yang Shuying , Humayun Munir , Righter Kevin , Berger Jeff A. , DiFrancesco Nicholas
Published: June 2023

The surface of Mars is enriched in Cl and S which is linked to volcanic activity and degassing. Similarly, elevated Ge and Zn levels in Gale crater sedimentary bedrock indicate a magmatic source for these elements. To constrain the relative effects of Cl and S on the outgassing of these trace metals and chemical characteristics of primary magmatic vapor deposits incorporated to Martian surface, we conducted a set of degassing and fumarolic alteration experiments. Ge is found to be more volatile than Zn in all experiments. In S‐bearing runs, the loss of Ge and Zn was less than any other experiments. In Cl‐only runs, degassing of Zn was more than twice that of Ge within the first 10 min and percent loss increased for both elements with increasing time. In Cl + S runs, S‐induced reduction of GeO2 and ZnO to metallic Ge and Zn switches the preference of chloride formation from Zn to Ge. Up to 90% of Ge and Zn loss in the 1‐h no volatile‐added (NVA) experiments might be due to the small amounts of Cl contamination in NVA mixes via other oxides used for synthesis. Alteration experiments show different phases between 1‐h and 24‐/72‐h runs. In 1‐h runs, anhydrite and langbeinite dominate while in 24‐/72‐h runs halite and sylvite dominate the condensate assemblages. S‐bearing phases form as the intermediate products of fumarolic deposition, while chlorides are common when the system is allowed to cool gradually. One‐hour exposure was sufficient to form alteration phases and vapor deposits such as NaCl, KCl, CaSO4, and langbeinites on the Martian analog minerals. These salts were identified in Martian meteorites and in situ measurements. Our results provide evidence that volcanic degassing along with fumarolic alteration could be a potential source for the enrichment and varying abundances of Cl, S, Fe, Zn, Ge in Martian surface, as well as a cause for Ge depletion in shergottites.
Isolation and characterization of the gene HvFAR1 encoding acyl‐CoA reductase from the cer‐za.227 mutant of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and analysis of the cuticular barrier functions
Authors: Müller Yannic , Patwari Payal , Stöcker Tyll , Zeisler‐Diehl Viktoria , Steiner Ulrike , Campoli Chiara , Grewe Lea , Kuczkowska Magdalena , Dierig Maya Marita , Jose Sarah , Hetherington Alistair M. , Acosta Ivan F. , Schoof Heiko , Schreiber Lukas , Dörmann Peter
Published: June 2023

The cuticle is a protective layer covering aerial plant organs. We studied the function of waxes for the establishment of the cuticular barrier in barley (Hordeum vulgare). The barley eceriferum mutants cer‐za.227 and cer‐ye.267 display reduced wax loads, but the genes affected, and the consequences of the wax changes for the barrier function remained unknown.

Cuticular waxes and permeabilities were measured in cer‐za.227 and cer‐ye.267. The mutant loci were isolated by bulked segregant RNA sequencing. New cer‐za alleles were generated by genome editing. The CER‐ZA protein was characterized after expression in yeast and Arabidopsis cer4‐3.

Cer‐za.227 carries a mutation in HORVU5Hr1G089230 encoding acyl‐CoA reductase (FAR1). The cer‐ye.267 mutation is located to HORVU4Hr1G063420 encoding β‐ketoacyl‐CoA synthase (KAS1) and is allelic to cer‐zh.54. The amounts of intracuticular waxes were strongly decreased in cer‐ye.267. The cuticular water loss and permeability of cer‐za.227 were similar to wild‐type (WT), but were increased in cer‐ye.267. Removal of epicuticular waxes revealed that intracuticular, but not epicuticular waxes are required to regulate cuticular transpiration.

The differential decrease in intracuticular waxes between cer‐za.227 and cer‐ye.267, and the removal of epicuticular waxes indicate that the cuticular barrier function mostly depends on the presence of intracuticular waxes.
Bloodstained flowers and bloodthirsty flies
Authors: Raguso Robert A.
Published: June 2023

This article is a Commentary on Heiduk et al. (2023), 239:1490–1504.
Computer‐Assisted Navigation Full Visualization Spinal Endoscopic Surgery for Lumbar Vertebral Osteoid Osteoma
Authors: Liu Ruxing , Tian Jingyuan , Yuan Jie , Zhao Bin , Xu Chaojian , Wang Yongfeng
Published: June 2023

Background

Osteoid osteoma is a benign osteogenic tumor that occurs mostly in the femoral stem, while osteoid osteoma occurring in the lumbar vertebral body is a relatively rare case. To minimize treatment‐related complications, a computer‐assisted navigation fully visualized spinal endoscopy was used. Ultimately, the pathology was diagnosed as osteoid osteoma.

Case Presentation

We report a 19‐year‐old adult male with low back pain that worsened at night and CT, MRI imaging showed an abnormal signal shadow at the posterior margin of the lumbar vertebral body. Due to the proximity of the lesion to the spinal canal and adjacent to the nerve roots, it was difficult to precisely localize the lesion by purely endoscopic or open procedures, and if necessary, the resection of surrounding tissues had to be expanded, causing unnecessary damage to the surrounding tissues. Therefore, we choose computer‐assisted navigation fully visualized spinal endoscopy to perform the treatment.

Conclusion

In this case, we report an osteoid osteoma that occurs less frequently in the lumbar vertebral body. Using computer‐assisted navigation with fully visualized spinal endoscopy, we successfully resected the osteoid osteoma at the posterior margin of the L3 vertebral body preoperatively by computer‐planned path with intraoperative visualization endoscopy, minimizing the damage to spinal stability. Computer‐assisted navigation with visualization endoscopy provides a more precise and minimally invasive approach to the treatment of osteoid osteoma of the spine.
A Kantian critique of Benatar's argument from the cosmic perspective
Authors: Lee Byeong D.
Published: June 2023

Benatar argues that the absence of cosmic meaning is part of the reason why our lives are so bad that we had better not procreate. The goal of this paper is to argue against this claim from a Kantian point of view. For this goal, I argue first that the fact that human life is a product of blind evolution is not a reason for justifying that our lives are overall bad, mainly on the grounds that the concepts of good and bad make sense only within the logical space of reasons. I also argue that the fact that we can hardly make a significant difference to the universe is not a reason for justifying that our lives are overall bad, either, mainly on the grounds that whether one's life is good or bad can be evaluated primarily in terms of whether one's permissible ends are achieved to a satisfactory extent, and so one's good life does not depend on making a significant difference to the universe.
The impact of terrorism on civil servants: Longitudinal evidence from the July 22, 2011 attack in Norway
Authors: Geys Benny , Lægreid Per , Murdoch Zuzana , Trondal Jarle
Published: June 2023

Building on a growing literature assessing the societal impact of terrorism, this article analyzes whether and how a terror attack targeting public institutions affects civil servants in their day‐to‐day work. This is an important question to enhance our understanding of how terrorism can (or cannot) affect the operation of core government functions. Theoretically, the study contributes to a broader account of the political consequences of terrorism by combining insights from social identity and organization theory. Empirically, we exploit a two‐wave survey fielded before and after the 2011 terror attack in Norway, which allows us to study the same civil servants (N = 186) before and after this event. While terrorists wish to disrupt public institutions, our findings indicate that a terror attack targeting core government institutions strengthens internal cohesion and increases attention to political signals in work tasks. We discuss implications of these effects for the functioning of democratic government.
Elevating subjective individual experience in public policy and public administration: Reflections on red tape, administrative burden, and sludge
Authors: Pandey Sanjay K.
Published: June 2023

In this essay, I take stock of the red tape research program (and research programs on administrative burden and sludge) to assess whether subjective individual experience has been given its rightful due in public policy and public administration. My primary purpose is to assess how concepts facilitate or hinder our understanding of the subjective individual experience. To serve this purpose, I present a conceptual analysis strategy and elaborate on the value of interrogating the modularity assumption (fit between conceptualization and experience). I conclude by advocating for consilience across concepts and research programs to better capture the subjective individual experience.
Cryopreservation of local black rabbit spermatozoa in the Mekong delta region of Vietnam: Evaluating cryoprotectant effectiveness
Authors: Tran Thi Thanh Khuong , Chiem Tuyet Nhi , Tran Van Be Nam , Duong Nguyen Duy Tuyen
Published: June 2023

Rabbit production is well developed in the Mekong Delta and Vietnam, with increased consumption of rabbit meat in both urban and rural areas. Consequently, meat rabbit breeds have become popular in almost all provinces in Vietnam, resulting in a decline in the population of Local Black rabbits over the years. To support breeding programs, there is a crucial need to develop a cryopreservation method. The objective of this study was to develop sperm cryopreservation protocols and determine the optimal cryoprotectant for Local Black rabbit spermatozoa. Rabbit spermatozoa were obtained and diluted with TCG‐EggYolk freezing medium containing 5%, 8%, and 10% glycerol or DMSO in a 1:1 ratio. Glycerol and DMSO‐free mediums served as the controls. Samples were put into 0.5‐mL straws, cooled to 15°C and 5°C, then placed on nitrogen vapour for 15 min and directly immersed in liquid nitrogen at −196°C. Samples were thawed at 37°C for 60 s after being frozen for 72 h Sperm quality measures, such as viability, motility, and membrane integrity, were assessed both before and after freezing. The results showed that the average viability, average motility, and average membrane integrity were 61.9%, 53.9%, and 42.9%, respectively, after thawing with 5% glycerol, which was higher than the two higher concentrations of glycerol (8% and 10%) (p < .05). Similarly, with 8% DMSO, the average viability, average motility, and membrane integrity were 59.2%, 51.0%, and 41.8%, respectively, which were higher than the two concentrations of DMSO (5% and 10%) (p < 0.05). Therefore, the cryopreservation of local black rabbit sperm with 5% glycerol or DMSO 8% resulted in high sperm quality, but considering the practical aspect of minimizing the volume of the preservative, a concentration of 5% glycerol may be the best option.
Jurisdictional overlap: The juxtaposition of institutional independence and collaboration in police wrongdoing investigations
Authors: Kwon Jihyun
Published: June 2023

Introducing multiple layers of “independent” structures has become a go‐to strategy for public agent oversight. The question remains whether such decentralized, overlapping structural arrangements of oversight reduce regulatory uncertainty and produce better policy outcomes. Using the case study of Ontario, Canada, I examine the consequences of institutional layering for the specific and broader goal of independent oversight and democratic policing, respectively. Semi‐structured interviews with oversight officials and other key stakeholders as well as past governmental reports that led to the police oversight reform are analyzed to study the gap between the policy intention and outcome. I found that multiple “independent” investigatory agencies are meant to operate concurrently within an integrated system to ensure a responsive and comprehensive oversight system. However, their structural separation obstructs collaboration among the external agencies, causing various dysfunctional bureaucratic behaviors that undermine the overarching intention. The disconnect among different oversight authorities exacerbates their reliance on internal police‐led procedures for all police misconduct inquiries. Implications of my research extend beyond policing and further the study of overlapping regulatory oversight and structural reform through institutional layering.
Coordinated global cessation of oral poliovirus vaccine use: Options and potential consequences
Authors: Kalkowska Dominika A. , Wassilak Steven G. F. , Wiesen Eric , Burns Cara C. , Pallansch Mark A. , Badizadegan Kamran , Thompson Kimberly M.
Published: June 2023

Due to the very low, but nonzero, paralysis risks associated with the use of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), eradicating poliomyelitis requires ending all OPV use globally. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) coordinated cessation of Sabin type 2 OPV (OPV2 cessation) in 2016, except for emergency outbreak response. However, as of early 2023, plans for cessation of bivalent OPV (bOPV, containing types 1 and 3 OPV) remain undefined, and OPV2 use for outbreak response continues due to ongoing transmission of type 2 polioviruses and reported type 2 cases. Recent development and use of a genetically stabilized novel type 2 OPV (nOPV2) leads to additional potential vaccine options and increasing complexity in strategies for the polio endgame. Prior applications of integrated global risk, economic, and poliovirus transmission modeling consistent with GPEI strategic plans that preceded OPV2 cessation explored OPV cessation dynamics and the evaluation of options to support globally coordinated risk management efforts. The 2022–2026 GPEI strategic plan highlighted the need for early bOPV cessation planning. We review the published modeling and explore bOPV cessation immunization options as of 2022, assuming that the GPEI partners will not support restart of the use of any OPV type in routine immunization after a globally coordinated cessation of such use. We model the potential consequences of globally coordinating bOPV cessation in 2027, as anticipated in the 2022–2026 GPEI strategic plan. We do not find any options for bOPV cessation likely to succeed without a strategy of bOPV intensification to increase population immunity prior to cessation.
How does exposure to masked individuals affect White Americans' attitudes toward Asian American and Pacific Islanders?
Authors: Rios Kimberly , Pham Carolyn T. , Cheng Zhen Hadassah , Cheon Bobby K.
Published: June 2023

Across three studies, conducted between Spring 2020 and Spring 2021, we tested whether exposure to an Asian American/Pacific Islander (AAPI) target person wearing a face mask would increase or decrease White Americans' perceived threat from and positivity toward AAPI individuals. Although results varied by study, a single‐paper meta‐analysis revealed that the masked (compared to unmasked) AAPI target resulted in greater positivity toward AAPIs, due to reduced perceptions of both symbolic threat to group values and realistic threat to group health. Positivity toward AAPIs did not reliably differ after exposure to a masked versus unmasked White target. Implications for interventions that encourage COVID‐safe behaviors and combat anti‐AAPI attitudes are discussed.
Fear of missing out and depressive symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: LeRoy Angie S. , Lai Vincent D. , Tsay‐Jones Arya , Fagundes Christopher P.
Published: June 2023

During the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic, governments issued public health safety measures (e.g., “stay‐at‐home” ordinances), leaving many people “missing out” on integral social aspects of their own lives. The fear of missing out, popularly shortened as, “FoMO,” is a felt sense of unease one experiences when they perceive they may be missing out on rewarding and/or enjoyable experiences. Among 76 participants (ages M = 69.36, SD = 5.34), who were at risk for hospitalization or death if infected with COVID‐19, we found that FoMO was associated with depressive symptoms at Time 1, even when controlling for perceived stress, loneliness, and fear of COVID‐19. However, FoMO did not predict future depressive symptoms, about 1 week later, when controlling for Time 1 depressive symptoms. These findings provide further evidence that FoMO is associated with depressive symptoms in a short period of time even when accounting for other powerful social factors such as loneliness. Future research should explore the potential causal relationships between FoMO and depression, especially those that may establish temporal precedence.
NeuroSPE: A neuro‐net spatial relation extractor for natural language text fusing gazetteers and pretrained models
Authors: Qiu Qinjun , Xie Zhong , Ma Kai , Tao Liufeng , Zheng Shiyu
Published: June 2023

Spatial relations are frequently described and used in natural language texts, and relations play a core role in a range of applications—from supporting geographic information retrieval in natural language texts to locating people and objects in natural disaster response situations. In this article, we present a neuro‐net spatial extraction model (NeuroSPE) designed to address various language irregularities (i.e., a variety of sentence structures) that occur in natural language texts. We also propose a two‐stage workflow to generate a training dataset based on a collection of words and their associated frequencies. The first stage of the proposed workflow focuses on processing the words in the input data and their associated frequencies; then, the words are segmented into a set of groups and used to accelerate model training. The second stage automatically generates a variety of sentences that include two geographic entities and related spatial relation terms through deep learning iteration based on a unigram language model. We evaluate our method both qualitatively and quantitatively using a real dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed two‐stage workflow effectively extracts spatial relations from natural language texts and outperforms other current state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
Deep trade agreements and trade costs
Authors: Hou Yulin
Published: June 2023

Deep trade agreements (DTAs) have boomed in recent years and extended their reach well beyond tariff liberalisation. This paper investigates the impact of deep trade agreements on trade costs from a global perspective. The results show that trade costs between partners that sign an agreement with the highest depth decrease by 10.3%. The results are shown to be robust to the consideration of interval data, different measures of the trade agreement depth, different datasets, and alternative estimation strategy. Furthermore, we provide supportive evidence of the spillover effect of DTAs. We find that non‐discriminatory provisions in DTAs significantly lower non‐tariff costs for non‐member countries, especially for agricultural goods.