bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability of Antibiotic Concentration in Solutions for Intracameral Administration in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Svetozarskiy S. N. , Igonin G. S. , Starostenko V. V. , Shcherbakova S. V. , Andreev A. N. , Smetankin I. G.
Published: October 2024

Purpose: to evaluate the variability of cefuroxime concentration for intracameral administration during preparation of ex tempore solutions under conditions of real clinical practice.

Materials and methods. Two operating room nurses participated in the study, each prepared 20 samples of cefuroxime solution for intracameral administration according to a uniform dilution protocol. The concentration of antibiotic in the solutions was measured by photocolorimetric method.

Results. The experiment modelling the conditions of real clinical practice demonstrated a significant difference of cefuroxime concentrations in solutions prepared ex tempore. The mean antibiotic concentration in samples prepared by 2 nurses was 1.189 [1.075; 1.383] mg/ml and 1.019 [0.984; 1.10] mg/ml, respectively, p = 0.0002. The range of variation was 0.4 mg/ml, or 40.5 % of the minimum recorded value.

Conclusion. High variability of cefuroxime concentration during ex tempore preparation may lead to a number of undesirable events. Unintentional overdosing causes the development of serous retinal detachment and anterior chamber toxic syndrome. Low antibiotic content can be considered as one of the reasons for the development of infectious complications caused by cefuroxime-sensitive bacterial strains. Improvement of approaches, substances and routes of administration of antimicrobial agents to improve the safety of cataract surgery in the conditions of changing structure and increasing resistance of ocular microbiota seems to be an urgent scientific task.
Experience of Using Scleral Contact Lenses in Keratoconus in Combination with Dry Eye Syndrome
Authors: Slonimsky A. Yu. , Averich V. V.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. Currently, a number of numerous publications have proven the comorbidity of keratoconus (CC) with dry eye syndrome (dry eye). The modern method of optical rehabilitation of CC includes scleral rigid gas-permeable lenses (SGCL). In addition to compensating for refractive disorders, this type of lens has increasingly been used in the treatment of SSG, in order to protect the cornea and tear film. Purpose: to assess the change in the state of the precorneal tear film in CC in combination with SSG against the background of wearing SGCL.

Patients and methods. 31 patients (62 eyes) with bilateral stabilized non-operated CC of various stages were examined, for whom individual SGCLS were selected. A comprehensive assessment of the condition of the tear film included the following methods: biomicroscopy of the anterior segment of the eye using vital dyes, functional tests (Norn, Schirmer, Jones test), OCT-meniscometry, as well as filling out the OSDI questionnaire by patients and an oral survey on subjective sensations against the background of wearing this type of lenses. The studies were carried out before, after 1 and 3 months on the background of wearing lenses.

Results. Prior to the selection of SGCL, an increase in the areas of staining of the ocular surface with vital dyes, a decrease in the results of functional tests and OCT meniscometry, as well as high scores according to the OSDI questionnaire were recorded. After 1 month of wearing lenses, the indicators of all studies showed a tendency to improve the condition of the tear film, and after 3 months there were significant changes relative to the initial data. An oral survey showed full adaptation to the SGCL and wearing comfort in 87 % of cases.

Conclusion. A comprehensive assessment of the condition of the tear film in CC in combination with signs of SSG before and against the background of wearing individual SGCL indicates an improvement in the condition of the ocular surface and stabilization of the precorneal tear film, which proves the effectiveness of this type of correction for both optical and protective purposes.
Retinal Map of Peripheral Retinal Degenerations and Tears. Part 2. Non-rhegmatogenous Chorioretinal Degenerations
Authors: Shaimova V. A. , Islamova G. R. , Klyuchko N. A. , Shaimov T. B. , Kuchkildina S. Kh. , Dmukh T. S. , Ivin M. S. , Askaeva A. A. , Kravchenko T. G. , Fomin A. V.
Published: October 2024

This part of the work describes the results of a multimodal examination of patients with non-rhegmatogenous chorioretinal peripheral degenerations.

Objective: to conduct a multimodal study of the vitreoretinal interface of chorioretinal degenerations, to determine their place in the classification of peripheral degenerations to create an informative retinal map of peripheral retinal degenerations.

Materials and methods. Patient examinations included traditional and additional ones: the ultrawide-angle fundus imaging with the Clarus 500 or VISUCAM 500 (Carl Zeiss Meditech Inc., Dublin, USA) and wide-field OCT Line scanning using the “sliding method” with SOLIX and RTVue XR Avanti (Optovue Inc. USA).

Results. During the period of 2014-2024, 1304 peripheral degenerations and retinal tears were identified through the multimodal examination of 614 patients (959 eyes). Chorioretinal dystrophy was found in 134 patients: paving-stone degeneration — 75 (5.75 %), retinal drusen — 45 (3.45 %), Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy — 8 (0.61 %), retinal pigment epithelium hypertrophy (RPE) — 6 (0.46 %). Based on these studies, a clinical and topographic classification of peripheral degenerations and retinal tears is presented.

Conclusion. In this article (part 2) we present studies of a group of nonrhegmatogenous chorioretinal degenerations with no changes in the vitreoretinal interface. The multimodal diagnostics of peripheral retinal degenerations have enabled the creation of a retinal map in order to systematize knowledge and improve treatment tactics.
A Case Report of Implantation of the Multifocal Intraocular Lens in a Patient with Marfan’s Syndrome
Authors: Shukhaev S. V. , Petrosyan Yu. M. , Mordovtseva E. A.
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To demonstrate a case report of successful implantation of multifocal IOL in patients with Marfan syndrome.

Materials and methods. A young patient with Marfan’s syndrome asked to the clinic. Examination revealed ectopia of the lens in both eyes. Given his active lifestyle and the desire to get rid of glasses, he was offered surgical treatment with implantation of a multifocal IOL. Lens phacoemulsification was performed with implantation of a modified capsular tension ring, and a trifocal IOL (PanOptix) in the bag.

Results. In the late postoperative period, the maximum corrected visual acuity for near in the right eye was 0.9, in the left — 0.8; for the average distance — 0.7 on both eyes; for the distance on the right eye — 1.0, on the left — 0.8.

Conclusion. This clinical case demonstrated that in some cases, ectopia of the lens in Marfan syndrome is not a contraindication to the implantation of a multifocal IOL.
High-Risk Keratoplasty Using Conditioned Media of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an Experiment
Authors: Tereshchenko A. V. , Trifanenkova I. G. , Temnov A. A. , Bulatova Yu. D. , Demyanchenko S. K. , Sklifas А. N. , Shchatskikh A. V. , Shataev D. A. , Iolchiev R. B.
Published: October 2024

Purpose: to evaluate in experiment the dynamics and intensity of vascular sprouting in the donor cornea during keratoplasty against the background of pre-existing neoangiogenesis when using a conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was 15 rabbits (10 recipient rabbits, 5 donor rabbits) of the gray Chinchilla breed weighing 2.5–3.2 kg. The experiments were carried out in two stages. At the first stage, 10 animals were simulated with a unilateral thermal burn of the peripheral zone of the cornea with limbal involvement. Penetrating keratoplasty was performed using standard technology on the 15th day of the experiment. At the second stage, the recipient rabbits were divided into experimental and control groups. 5 rabbits, 5 eyes, in the control group and 5 rabbits, 5 eyes, in the main group. In the main group, instillations of paracrine factors of mesenchymal stem cells were used as postoperative treatment from the 1st to the 30th knocks four times. In the control group, treatment was carried out by instillation of antibiotics (Oftaquix) and keratoprotectors (Korneregel) three times for 30 days. Research methods included biomicroscopy, photographic recording of the anterior segment of the eye, examination using a Pentacam AXL device, and histological examination. The observation periods were 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 30th day.

Results. The results of postoperative treatment at the second stage of the experiment, as well as the results of histology, showed a pronounced antiangiogenic effect of the conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells. This was confirmed by the absence of pronounced vascularization of the donor cornea, the attenuation of the inflammatory reaction and the formation of a scar on the 30th day of drug instillation. In the control group, graft disease developed from the seventh day.

Conclusion. The results obtained during the work seem promising. The use of the conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated a sufficiently pronounced effectiveness compared with standard drug therapy in the postoperative period after high-risk end-to-end keratoplasty in experimental animals performed on a model of post-burn corneal neovascularization.
Dysfunctional Changes in the Lens in Real Clinical Practice
Authors: Fursova A. Zh. , Loskutov I. A. , Borisov F. G.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Presbyopia is a global problem affecting more than 1.5 billion people worldwide. Projections indicate an increase in the average age of the population to 40 years by 2050, which is associated with an increase in the presbyopia incidence and corresponding economic losses. Despite the widespread prevalence of presbyopia, there are currently no effective methods for early prevention and restoration of dynamic accommodation and a standardized approach to assessing age-related changes in the lens that underlie presbyopia. The purpose: to study the effect of age-related changes in the lens on accommodation and to consider modern pharmacological approaches to the prevention and treatment of presbyopia.

Methods. A multicenter prospective study was conducted, including analysis of visual acuity, the nearest point of clear vision and the volume of accommodation in individuals aged 40 to 55 years. Study participants were prescribed pyrenoxine (Catalin) as eye drops three times daily for 4 months. The study included 382 questionnaires collected from 29 ophthalmologists.

Results. As a result of the study, the average distance to the nearest point of clear vision decreased slightly, but the reserve of accommodation remained at the same level. This indicates the absence of significant progression of age-related decrease in the reserve of accommodation as one of the manifestations of presbyopia and the possible effectiveness of pyrenoxine in preserving the elastic properties of the lens.

Conclusion. The study confirmed the effectiveness of pyrenoxine in the prevention of presbyopia and the preservation of accommodative abilities in middle-aged people. The concept of Dysfunctional Lens Syndrome may be useful for clinical practice by providing opportunities for early diagnosis and treatment of presbyopia. Incorporating this concept into clinical guidelines may improve approaches to the treatment and prevention of age-related lens changes.
Chest computed tomography and lung function one year following COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Debray Marie , Balagny Pauline , Taille Camille , Rozencwajg Sacha , Montmollin Etienne , Ezzeddine Lynn , Rioux Christophe , Landauer Josephine , Ghosn Jade , Bancal Catherine , Khalil Antoine
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To characterise chest CT abnormalities one year following severe-to-critical COVID-19 pneumonia, assess their functional significance and analyse the time-course of CT signs. Methods: Retrospective observational monocentric study. Chest CT analysis of residual pulmonary opacities in patients having one year follow-up CT (between February 2021 and February 2022) after severe-to-critical COVID-19 pneumonia. Opacities were categorized into fibrotic-like and predominant ground-glass opacities and compared to pulmonary function tests. Sequential analysis of decreasing, stable or increasing signs at 3, 6, 12 and up to 24 months. Results: One-year pulmonary opacities were present in 46 out of the 66 included patients, and were more frequent in patients admitted as compared to those not admitted to the intensive care unit (38/48, 79% versus 8/18, 44%, p=0.006), with an extent correlated to the length of ICU stay. Pulmonary function tests abnormalities were present in 24/29 patients (82.8%) having fibrotic-like residual opacities versus 6/13 patients (46.1%) having predominant ground-glass opacities (p=0.015). Bronchial distortions decreased in 29% of patients between 6 and 12 months, but CT abnormalities remained mostly stable thereafter in the 16 patients having follow-up CT up to 2 years. Conclusion: One-year pulmonary opacities are more frequent in patients admitted to ICU as compared to non-ICU patients following severe-to-critical COVID-19 and seem related to the length of ICU stay. Fibrotic-like residual opacities are frequently associated to functional impairment.
Flavin associated Sulfhydryl oxidase and Ero1β in Insulin activity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dash Dr. Prakruti
Published: October 2024

DM is proving to be a global public health burden as this number is expected to rise to another 200 million by 2040. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycaemia. It may be due to impaired insulin secretion, resistance to peripheral actions of insulin, or both. Type 1 diabetes mellitus accounts for 5% to 10% of DM and is characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the islets of the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes mellitus accounts for around 90% of all cases of diabetes. In Type 2 diabetes mellitus the response to insulin is diminished, and this is defined as insulin resistance. During this state, insulin is ineffective and we now hypothesize that this ineffectiveness of Insulin is due to its improper folding affecting its activity. Insulin consists of two chains: A chain with 21 amino acids and B chain consists of 30 amino acids with intra and interchain disulphide bonds. These disulphide linkages help to stabilize the structure of insulin thus resulting in its proper biological activity. The flavin-dependent Endoplasmic Reticulum oxidoreductase 1 beta family of sulfhydryl oxidase enzymes Quiescin-sulfhydryl oxidase rapidly inserts disulfide bonds into unfolded proteins thereby stabilising their tertiary and quaternary structures. As this enzyme is Flavin dependent, a dietary deficiency of Riboflavin leads to improper activity of Sulfhydryl oxidase resulting in abnormal folding of proteins affecting their biological activity. Riboflavin is one of the most common vitamin deficiencies seen in Indian population. The overall prevalence of deficiency of vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) was strikingly high as documented in various studies. Looking at the rising trend of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus cases in worldwide and in India, it is always the need of time to look into the pathophysiology of Insulin inactivity in these cases. Sulfhydryl oxidase can be the target molecule and improving its actions with Riboflavin supplementation can prove to be an easy and cost-effective way for the target population to overall improve the Insulin activity. For this the biochemical link has to be established between Sulfhydryl oxidase, Riboflavin and Insulin. Hence, this study aims to establish the mechanistic link between serum Sulfhydryl oxidase and Ero1β with serum Riboflavin and Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.
Pathology of celiac disease: An insight about etiopathogenesis, pathophysiology and histologic diagnosis
Authors: Tinguria Mukund
Published: October 2024

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune mediated disorder characterized by intolerance to glutens in certain grains like wheat, barley, and rye. The gliadin exposure in susceptible individuals leads to an inflammatory reaction with damage to the small intestinal mucosa with villous blunting, atrophy and ultimate disappearance of intestinal villi. The damaged intestinal villi lead to malabsorption. The development of celiac disease (CD) is determined by both environmental and genetic factors. The gluten in the grains represents an environmental factor. In addition to this environmental factor, CD development involves genetic predisposition as most CD patients possess human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8. The complex interplay of multiple genetic and environmental factors determines the development of CD. Small bowel mucosal biopsies remain gold standard for the diagnosis of CD because of variation in the clinical findings and serologic testing. Histologic examination of small intestine also helps to monitor the course of disease, response to treatment, and in detecting potential complications of celiac disease such as enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma, adenocarcinoma, and concurrent intestinal diseases. There has been significant development in understanding the pathophysiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of celiac disease. The present review summarizes the important development in CD in last few years with special emphasis on etiopathogenesis, pathophysiology, and pathologic features of CD. Better understanding of these features is not only important for correct diagnosis but also results in better patient management and would pave a way for future research of this overly complex disease characterized by complex interaction of environmental, genetic as well as immunologic mechanisms.
An Editorial. Aging with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Impact of Long-term Anti-retroviral Therapy
Authors: Klotz Stephen , Ahmad Nafees
Published: October 2024

The world is now well into the third decade of use of effective anti-retroviral therapy (ART) that provides sustained control of HIV-1 viremia (viral loads <200 copies of HIV RNA/microliter). With few exceptions, control of HIV in individual patients is predictable and long lasting. Only a short time ago, the prevailing opinion was that HIV infection ‘physiologically aged’ an individual by ten years or more compared to uninfected subjects and could lead to premature frailty.1-4 Whereas these findings may have accurately characterized the untreated HIV-infected individual, they do not apply to those on ART. We discuss these concepts and show why they have not held up to scrutiny since clinical and cellular evidence contradict these statements. Theories about aging in HIV-positive patients arose in the early 2000’s5 about the time we began to study the course of HIV infection in our clinics, measuring frailty as well as obtaining and preserving blood samples from HIV- and healthy, age-matched control patients that allowed us to study cellular aging and immunity as well as the molecular features of HIV genes in viral quasispecies suppressed by ART.
Prospects of the radiophotonics application in ground-based long-range detection radars
Authors: Melnikov I.V. , Stupin D.D.
Published: October 2024

The application of radiophotonic technologies in radar, according to many researchers and developers, is able to reach qualitative gain in parameters of radio information systems and complexes. However, these improvements are mainly pertinent to radars operating above 20 GHz, what implies a relatively short range. At the same time, the application of radiophotonics in "low-frequency" radars that solve tasks of detecting and observing objects at long distances, including space objects, attracts much less attention. Given importance of monitoring the near space with its extreme overload of targets and need to find new effective system, technical and technological solutions for creating highly informative radars, it is worth to consider making use of radiophotonics technologies in long-range detection radars. This paper aimes to estimate benefits radiophotonics technologies may suggest to long-range radars features. The prospects of the application of radiophotonic technologies in radar are estimated from the standpoint of qualitative gain in energy and information features for the tasks of detecting space targets and evaluating their coordinate and non-coordinate parameters. This enables us with a more reasonable approach towards new system engineering, design, and technological solutions into both existing and developed radars that might improve monitoring near-Earth space.
Analysis and synthesis of machine learning models for solving the problem of searching for named entities
Authors: Goryachkin B.S. , Kim R.I.
Published: October 2024

Problem setting. Building a dialog system is a voluminous and complex task that includes many classical tasks of natural language processing. One of the most important tasks is the Named Entity Recognition (NER), since entities are the hard ontologies for determining the meaning of the text. All entities can be divided into 3 groups: "flat" or regular entities, nested entities, and text-separated entities. When solving the NER problem, the difficulty arises with the construction of a universal model for the qualitative processing of all types of entities. In this paper different approaches for the recognition of each type of entities are studied and analyzed, benchmark solutions are identified and the structure of a hybrid model to handle all types of entities is proposed. Target. Analyzing and comparing the reference solutions for each type of entities. Synthesize different solutions based on the components of the reference models to solve the NER problem with a single model, compare and identify the best models in terms of speed and accuracy. Results. It was shown that each of the reference models for a particular type of entities does not give high quality in the processing of all types. Based on this, different architectures based on the components of the reference solutions were developed to find a universal model architecture for processing all types of entities. Through comparison and analysis, optimal architectures were identified, both in terms of speed and accuracy, capable of showing high quality performance for all types of entities. Practical significance. The developed model architectures allow to process all types of entities qualitatively with one universal model. The resulting models cover all types of entities and surpass the basic solutions in terms of average speed and accuracy.
Machine learning of a convolutional neural network based on a regularizing Bayesian approach
Authors: Prokopchina S.V. , Ryabov P.E. , Shchetinin E.Yu.
Published: October 2024

Machine learning is an essential component of the development of intelligent systems for various purposes. This article proposes a variant of machine learning for intelligent systems based on a regularizing Bayesian approach. The modes of learning in information processing in conditions of significant information uncertainty are considered. To form data sets, data and knowledge integration technologies are used to improve the efficiency of the systems and the quality of the solutions obtained.
A systematic review on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection on precocious puberty
Authors: Ghooli Indu , Jorige Archana
Published: October 2024

Precocious puberty is defined as the onset of sexual characteristics before age 8 in girls and 9 in boys, with serious physical and psychological implications, including advanced bone maturation, early growth cessation, and increased behavioral issues. As per the studies done by Gupta et al precocious puberty cases have risen during the pandemic, prompting inquiries into the potential link between SARS-CoV-2 and early pubertal onset. PubMed, Scopus Web of Science, Google Scholar, and other electronic databases were used for the literature search. The search was restricted to studies published between January 2020 and July 2024. The study has shown a concerning increase in precocious puberty cases during the pandemic, with reports of a significant rise ranging from 9.8% to 93%. The increase clearly shows the concern of having a massive impact on the puberty timing in girls. The data reveal a consistent increase in the incidence of precocious puberty during the pandemic, with relative increases ranging from 0.2 average incidence per month pre-pandemic to 5.9 average per month pandemic incidence. These findings underscore the need for localized public health strategies and further research to fully understand the long-term implications of early puberty in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This review emphasizes the importance of continued monitoring and research to mitigate the potential long-term health risks associated with precocious puberty, including metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychological disorders.
CNS tuberculosis meningitis-Short review
Authors: Sharma Anmol , Sharma Jitender
Published: October 2024

Central Nervous System (CNS) tuberculosis (TB) meningitis, a severe extrapulmonary manifestation of TB, poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in immunocompromised individuals such as those with HIV. The pathogenesis involves hematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a primary infection site, often the lungs, leading to invasion of the central nervous system. This process triggers a robust immune response characterized by neuroinflammation, cerebral edema, and vasculitis, ultimately causing neurological damage. Genetic factors, such as LTA4H polymorphisms, also influence the severity of inflammation and patient outcomes. CNS TB is disproportionately prevalent in regions where TB and HIV are endemic, notably in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Recent data from 2024 show that HIV-positive individuals are particularly vulnerable, with CNS TB accounting for up to 10% of all TB cases in this population. In India, where TB-HIV co-infections are common, diagnostic delays and limited access to advanced molecular diagnostics exacerbate the disease burden. In a clinical setting, patients may exhibit general symptoms like headache, fever, stiff neck, and altered mental status. Diagnostic evaluation includes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and imaging studies, with nucleic acid amplification tests (e.g., GeneXpert MTB/RIF) providing rapid confirmation of the disease. Treatment follows World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, including an intensive two-month phase of anti-TB therapy followed by a continuation phase. Adjunctive corticosteroid therapy, particularly with dexamethasone, helps reduce mortality by controlling neuroinflammation. On the other hand, careful observation for medication toxicity and side effects like immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is critical, particularly in HIV-TB co-infected patients. Early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and targeted public health interventions are crucial in reducing the impact of CNS TB, particularly in high-burden regions.
SAÚDE PÚBLICA BRASILEIRA: LUTAS E LEGADOS
Authors: Da Silva Brito Josué , De Souza Freire Maria Eduarda , De Jesus Ribeiro Gabriel Luiz , Macedo Teixeira André , Gontijo Silva Livia , Bellotti de Souza Nicolli
Published: October 2024

A conquista de uma saúde pública universal e integral é um evento recente na história brasileira e resulta da luta e contribuições de diferentes atores sociais. Essa rompe com um histórico marcado pelo descaso, ausência de políticas efetivas voltadas à coletividade, crises de financiamento e planejamento que se estende desde o período colonial até a ditadura militar. O Sistema Único de Saúde, que completará 35 anos de regulamentação, é construído tendo como base a universalidade, a integralidade e a equidade e tem como uma das suas diretrizes a participação popular, que foi preterida durante séculos de história nacional da saúde. Este artigo busca revisitar criticamente a história da saúde pública brasileira, tendo como base a história política brasileira, pontuando lutas de diferentes momentos históricos.
A ação integrativa como diferencial na formação do Técnico em Comunicação Visual - Projeto Revista
Authors: Da Silva Cíntia , Faria Pereira Heliza , Michael Silva Welisson
Published: October 2024

Este artigo relata as contribuições de um projeto integrador multidisciplinar para a formação de alunos do Curso Técnico em Comunicação Visual Integrado ao Ensino Médio do IFSULDEMINAS, campus Passos.  Apresentamos a experiência da utilização de um projeto editorial em formato de revista, executado no segundo semestre letivo do ano de 2019, com reflexões sobre os conceitos e as habilidades necessárias para o desenvolvimento de projetos de design editorial. Descrevemos, também, as etapas deste projeto integrador, no que diz respeito a sua criação, desenvolvimento e finalização, bem como o seu caráter formativo, por meio de práticas e situações-problema que simularam a realidade do mundo do trabalho e as peculiaridades profissionais da comunicação visual e do design gráfico. Este percurso resultou em produtos de alta qualidade editorial e estética. Além disso, a integração das disciplinas do curso Técnico em Comunicação Visual oportunizou aos estudantes a compreensão sobre uma formação interdisciplinar, corroborando para sua futura atuação como profissional da área.
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A MICRO-INDUSTRY PRODUCING KOMBUCHA FLAVORED WITH PASSION FRUIT FROM THE CAATINGA.
Authors: Cerqueira Araujo Magalhães Caroline , Brandão Mafra de Carvalho Giovani , Ailton Conceição Bispo José
Published: October 2024

Kombucha is a fermented beverage of Chinese origin produced from the infusion of black or green tea from the Camelia sinensis plant, sugar and a symbiotic culture known as SCOBY. After fermentation, the drink becomes rich in natural nutrients with functions that are beneficial to health such as organic acids, amino acids, vitamin C, polyphenols and antibiotic substances. The present work aims at carrying out a study of the economic feasibility of opening a micro-industry for the production of a black tea kombucha flavored with passion fruit from the caatinga. The caatinga passion fruit is a species native to the dry areas of northeastern Brazil. This fruit is rich in flavonoids, vitamin C and carotenoids, which have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. For the development of the study, specifications of processes, equipment and analysis of financial and economic indicators were carried out. The evaluation of the investments was carried out using the internal rate of return (IRR), minimum attractiveness rate (TAM), net present value (NPV), simple payback and discounted payback  methods. The initial investment for the production of 2,000 L of kombucha flavored with passion fruit from the caatinga was R$ 187,199.78. The economic indicators obtained resulted in NPV of R$ 253,154.68, IRR of 22%, TAM of 13.34% p.a. and  simple payback of 3.9 years considering a useful life of 10 years. The positive IRR reflects that the enterprise is economically viable and profitable, making it possible to invest and generate income for cooperatives and family farmers.
An Attempt at Automatic Label Generation for Object Entry and Exit on Multimedia with a Semantic Search
Authors: Menemencioğlu Oğuzhan , Orak İlhami Muharrem
Published: October 2024

Filling the semantic gap between low level keywords which are retrieved automatically from multimedia data and human interpretations of data becomes critical. The research aims to handle the issue by using semantic search on multimedia data. A model is proposed with this research which detects enter/exit points and performs automatic label generation instead of hand using labelling. The model is implemented on a popular and commonly used benchmarking dataset. After the reliability of the model is proofed, it is implemented on a test dataset. It is indicated that the multiple interpretation of results can improve the retrieved information and make the model usability possible.
Using a Praxeology Approach to the Rational Choice of Specialized Software in the Preparation of the Computer Science Teacher
Authors: Semenikhina Elena , Drushlyak Marina , Shishenko Inna , Zigunov Vasyl
Published: October 2024

From the positions of Praxeology, the aspects of the forming of the future teachers’ abilities to choose software that turns out to be the most rational for the solving of the professional task are considered in the article (on the example of computer science teachers’ preparation to use dynamic mathematics software (DMS). The forming of such abilities based on a formula "one task – different software" is described. The methodology of organization of such experimental studies on the base of Sumy State Pedagogical University (Ukraine) is described. The results of the statistical analysis of data are given on the basis of non-parametric sign test for dependent sample. It is educed that taking into account such approach provides the positive dynamics of the level of future informatics teachers’ preparation at the significance level of 0.05.
Towards Building Cloud Education Networks
Authors: Hadzhikoleva Stanka , Hadzhikolev Emil , Cheresharov Stoyan , Yovkov Lambri
Published: October 2024

The article outlines the trends and prospects in higher education happening as a result of internationalization, as well as the possible risks and challenges. The training capabilities of cloud computing are examined. A review has been done of specific cloud services suitable for organizing and conducting educational and administrative activities. Some trends have been outlined, such as the probable consequences of building institutional education clouds and the opportunities for interoperability between them. The opportunities for building cloud education networks and their main characteristics are explored.
Majority Vote of Ensemble Machine Learning Methods for Real-Time Epilepsy Prediction Applied on EEG Pediatric Data
Authors: Jukić Samed , Кеčo Dino , Kevrić Jasmin
Published: October 2024

The main aim of the study is to develop a real-time epilepsy prediction approach by using the ensemble machine learning techniques that might predict offline seizure paradigms. The proposed seizure prediction algorithm is patient-specific since generalization showed no satisfactory results in our previous studies. The algorithm is tested on CHB-MIT database comprised of EEG data from pediatric epileptic patients. Based on relations to number of seizures and number of files, gender and age, three patients have been chosen for this study. The special majority voting algorithm is proposed and used for raising an alarm of upcoming seizure. EEG signals are denoised using MSPCA (Multiscale PCA), the features were extracted by WPD (wavelet packet decomposition), and EEG signals were classified using Rotation Forest. The significance of the study lies in the fact that the proposed seizure prediction algorithm could be used in novel diagnostic and therapeutic applications for pediatric patients.
Strategic Life Cycle Assessment in Individual Phase of Waste Production
Authors: Malindžáková Marcela , Puškaš Dominik , Čulková Katarína
Published: October 2024

Presently many firms have been forced to take into consideration decreasing material and energy consumption and minimizing waste production. Planning or evaluation of waste collection and recycling systems demands technical and economic performance for materials recovery. Here is the space for life cycle assessment using the individual phases of waste production by the way of diagram of material balance. The research considers specific conditions of waste processing company, orientated to the creation of integral system of waste processing. The results show creation and consequent evaluation of complex material flow.
Comparison of Power Converters for LED Illuminants
Authors: Valchev Vencislav C. , Mareva Daniela J. , Yudov Dimitar D. , Hinov Nikolay L.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the various modulation types for control of transformerless non-dimmable AC/DC/DC converters in nominal operation mode intended for LED illuminants. A combined PWM (pulse width modulation) is investigated. The optimal selection of power converter inductor core is considered. The derived results lead to conclusions for improvement of the power converter characteristics. Furthermore, the DC link capacitor is reduced without significant effect on circuit performance. It is proven that utilizing combined PWM would result in less current ripple and improved power factor. Utilization of nanocrystalline materials additionally reduces losses in the examined power converter.
Teacher Candidates' Opinions Regarding Instructional and Safe Use of Social Networks and Internet Addiction Risk Levels
Authors: Fasli Enis , Ozdamli Fezile
Published: October 2024

In conjunction with the development and advancement of internet technologies, social networking sites have created a socialization environment. Instructors point out that these tools must be used as an active and different form of communication with students. Also, participation of the students through social networking sites should be encouraged. However, the risk of internet addiction has also become widespread on the increase use of social networks. The aim of this research is to “determine the opinions of teacher candidates on the use of social networking sites in education and Internet addiction risk levels”. General survey model was used in this research in order to determine the opinions regarding social networks of teacher candidates from the education faculties in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and figure out their internet addiction risk levels. “Use of Social Networks in Education Scale” developed by Ozturk and Akgun and “Internet Addiction Test” developed by Young were used in this research. According to the results of the study, it has been figured out that almost all of the teacher candidates think that sharing information through social networking sites is either partially safe or not safe. Besides, most of the teacher candidates feel anxious about keeping information as confidential. Another important result is that teacher candidates are internet users at an average level. It also shows that they might spend too much time on the internet however they use internet in a controlled manner.
UniFluVec influenza vector induces heterosubtypic protection in ferrets after intranasal administration despite high attenuation
Authors: Ferko Boris , Krokhin Artem , Nebolsin Vladimir , Egorov Andrej
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Current influenza vaccines primarily elicit strain-specific immunity, providing limited protection against heterologous influenza strains.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a novel live attenuated influenza vaccine candidate with enhanced broad-spectrum protection against heterologous strains.

METHODS: A new live attenuated influenza vector, UniFluVec, was constructed based on the A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) (PR/8/34) strain, incorporating surface antigens from the A/Mississippi/10/2013 (H1N1pdm) strain. The NS genomic segment of UniFluVec was modified to express a truncated NS1 protein (124 amino acids) fused to conserved sequence from the HA2 subunit found in both influenza A and B viruses. To further enhance attenuation, the nep gene of PR/8/34 was replaced with its counterpart from the A/Singapore/1/57 (H2N2) strain. The protective efficacy of UniFluVec was tested in ferrets against the heterologous seasonal A/Saint Petersburg/224/2015 (H3N2) strain, following either single or double immunizations, and compared to the reassortant differing from UniFluVec by the presence of an intact NS fragment (WTNS1).

RESULTS: UniFluVec demonstrated full attenuation in ferrets, causing no clinical symptoms, weight loss, or fever when administered intranasally at a dose of 7.8 log10EID50. Replication in the nasal tissues was significantly reduced compared to the control WTNS1 reassortant virus. Although UniFluVec elicited lower hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titers after a single immunization compared to WTNS1, it significantly accelerated the clearance of the heterologous H3N2 virus from the respiratory tract after challenge. The protective effect of a single immunization was comparable to double vaccination and superior to that observed with WTNS1.

CONCLUSION: The novel UniFluVec vector demonstrated excellent safety in ferrets after intranasal administration and conferred effective protection against a heterologous strain following a single immunization.
Kraje rozwijające się wobec wyzwań globalnych
Authors: Nawrot Katarzyna
Published: October 2024

Developing countries facing global challenges. The purpose of the chapter is to reflect on global challenges from the perspective of developing countries, what is significant in order to prevent developmental disproportions from deepening. The following global challenges were identified and described: poverty and hunger, developmental inequalities, degradation of the environment and global security. Descriptive and comparative analysis methods were used in order to prepare the chapter, supplemented by presentation of research results, obtained mainly on the basis of selected descriptive statistics methods. The statistical database of the World Bank, United Nations Development Programme, Food and Agriculture Organisation and International Monetary Fund were used. Marginalisation of the developing countries and the challenges they are facing may bring tragic, and what is more global repercussions and, consequently, lead to a new division of the world, escalation of hatred, wars of Western civilisations with the followers of the extreme ideologies, rising inequalities and large uncontrolled migrations, among others. We are witnessing the destruction of ecosystems, global warming, cross continental terrorism, the problems of poverty and hunger – these are just a few of the consequences of ignorance of the problems of developing countries. The interconnections of the modern world economy leave no doubt that actions to solve them should be supported by the global community and their solutions cannot be solved without global involvement.
Wpływ człowieka na środowisko w perspektywie zrównoważonego rozwoju
Authors: Muradin Magdalena
Published: October 2024

Human impact on the environment from a sustainable development perspective. The purpose of this chapter is to present the human impact on the environment from the perspective of sustainable development. It outlines the crisis in human-environment relations and the need to return to a state of equilibrium. It focuses on identifying the main environmental threats and risks associated with human economic activities, analysing areas such as resources, climate, biodiversity, water, air and soil. It also discusses the concept of sustainable development, taking into account the Sustainable Development Goals and Agenda 2030, as well as the European Green Deal strategy. The study points to the need to change attitudes towards natural resources and to implement new business models worldwide in order to achieve a pre-industrial economic-environmental balance and to meet the needs of present and future generations.
On the Procedural Role of Court in Review of Criminal Cases Subject to a Jury Trial: Experience of Comprehension of the Judicial Reform of 1864
Authors:   Head of the Department of History of State and Law of the Orenburg Institute (Branch) of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Zholobova Galina A. , Solomko Ekaterina V. ,   Lawyer
Published: October 2024

The introduction of jury trial in Russia in 1864 was a serious step towards ensuring procedural guarantees of thorough consideration of cases and their fair resolution. The article analyzes the Statute of Criminal Procedure of 1864 and reveals the role of the Crown Court in ensuring these guarantees through the prism of the procedural features of its work in district courts when considering criminal cases with the participation of jurors. The authors of the article conclude that despite criticism of the jury trial from the highest officials and conservative press, every stage of the process and every action of the jury was under strict control (but not pressure) of the Crown Court. Examination of its historical development shows that this most democratic institution of the Russian Empire owes its successful implementation to the crown judges, who were charged by law with the responsibility for the observance of all procedural procedures and who were called upon to ensure, to a large extent, the preservation of the people’s trust in the judiciary.
Origination of the Body Politic: Images of Power in the Waning Days of the Middle Ages
Authors:   Head, Department of History of State and Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Isaev Igor A.
Published: October 2024

At the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Times, power acquires new images that meet historical and political requirements better. The article reviews the process of establishment of one of the key concepts of history of state and political science: the concept of the body politic, at this turn of epochs.
Private Trade in the Economic System of the New Economic Policy. Legal and Economic Conditions of Operation
Authors:   rofessor of the Department of Constitutional and Administrative Law of the Tambov State Technical University, Nikulin Viktor V.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the main aspects related to the development of private trade during the NEP period. The economic and legal aspects of the assumption and use of private trade in the NEP economic system are analyzed. There are several periods in the relationship between the state and private trade, each of which is specific both in terms of goals and legal regulation.
On Updating the Issues of Modernization and Adjustment of Mechanisms for Implementing Legal Policy in the Field of Ensuring National Security
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Taganrog Institute of Management and Economics, Tarabukin Vladimir V.
Published: October 2024

Currently, Russia is faced with new challenges and threats in the political, informational, moral, economic and social spheres, which requires the expansion of legal policy in the field of national security. In connection with the growth of external and internal threats, there is a need to review and reform norms and approaches established normatively and historically in order to ensure national security in the context of negative foreign policy processes. Improving public legal policy in the field of national security requires the participation of both rule-making bodies and government bodies responsible for its implementation, with the involvement of the scientific community.