bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Doctrine of Da‘wah in the Qur’an and its Interpretation in the Ideology of Mainstream-Radical Islamist Movements
Authors: AKSAKAL Zeynep Nermin
Published: January 2023

İslâm dini, Müslüman toplumlarda edindiği konumu itibariyle haricî ve dâhilî bölücü faaliyet gösteren güçlerin bir aracı olagelmiştir. Özellikle Kur’ân’da yer alan davet öğretisi, Orta Doğu’da bulunan radikal hareketlerin ideolojisinde
maksadını aşarak hem Müslüman toplumlara hem de diğer toplumlara karşı düşmanlık ve şiddete yönlendiren bir etken haline gelmiştir. Bu nedenle bu öğretinin ne anlama geldiğinin ve ne yönüyle istismar edildiğinin belirlenip bu konudaki
aşırılıklara karşı çözüm önerilerinin sunulması önemlidir. Bu amaçla yapılan bu çalışmada Kur’ân’daki davet öğretisinin temelleri, tefsir kaynaklarındaki ve 20. yüzyıldan itibaren baş gösteren ana akım-radikal İslâmcı hareketlerin
ideolojisindeki yorumlarıyla birlikte araştırılmıştır. Çalışma güncel ve küresel bir sorun olan radikalleşmenin düşünce sistemini ve dayandığı bazı argümanları incelemesi yönüyle önemlidir. Ulaşılan sonuçlara göre Kur’ân’da yer
alan davet öğretisinin temelindeki hayra davet ve iyiliği emredip kötülükten menetme konusu keyfî yorum ve istismarlara açıktır. İyiliğin ölçüsü akla ve şeriata göre güzel olma şeklinde belirlenmiş olsa da ideolojiler ölçü alınınca
tanımlamalar değişebilmektedir. Kur’ân’dan anlaşıldığı üzere Müslümanlar arasındaki davetin temel amacı ümmetin birliğinin sağlanması ve sulhdur. Sulh evrensel davetin de temel amaçlarındandır. Reformist ana akım İslâmcı hareketler
daveti siyasete çekerek faaliyetlerini ulûhiyete yani Allah’ın egemenliğini sosyal-siyasal her alanda kabul etmeye çağrı merkezinde yürütmüştür. Bu ana akımlardan kopan devrimci radikal hareketler ise daveti, tebliğ ve irşat alanından,
insanları İslâm dinine boyun eğdirmek için savaşma anlamındaki bir cihat alanına çekmişlerdir. Bu durum, davet faaliyetlerinde insanlığa vadedilen sulhu sağlamadığı gibi düşmanlık ve şiddeti de körüklemektedir. Bu nedenle, davet
görevini, aşırı ideolojilerden uzak olarak yetişmiş yetkili kimselerin, akıl ve kalplere hitap eden yumuşak yollarla yapması gerekmektedir.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Pandemic Anxiety and Religious Coping Levels in Pregnant Women Under Covid-19 Stress
Authors: KARTAL Bilal , KARTAL Sevda
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmanın evrenini, Türkiye genelinde Covid-19 pandemisi (2020-2022) boyunca hamilelik geçirmiş olup şu an 0-2 yaşında çocukları olan 132 anne oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada pandemi sürecinde hamile olan kadınların kaygı düzeylerini
azaltmada dini başa çıkmanın ne düzeyde etki ettiğini belirlemeye çalıştık. Hamile olan kadınların pandemi kaygı düzeyleri ile dini başa çıkma düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaç edindik. Çalışmada katılımcılara ait bazı
demografik değişkenlere göre dini başa çıkma ve pandemi kaygısında değişim olup olmadığı incelendi. Ölçek sorularının güvenirlik (reliability) analizi kapsamında “Cronbach’s Alpha katsayıları” hesaplandı. Sürekli ölçümlerin normal
dağılıp dağılmadığına; Shapiro-Wilk ve Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi sonuçları ile Skewness (çarpıklık) ve Kurtosis (basıklık) katsayılarına bakılarak karar verildi. Her bir değişken için katılımcı gruplarına göre ölçek puanlarının
karşılaştırılmasında “Bağımsız T-testi” ve “Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA)” yapıldı. İkiden fazla grup olması durumunda farklılık gösteren grupları belirlemede Duncan testi kullanılmış ve sürekli ölçümler arası ilişkileri belirlemede
“Pearson” korelasyon katsayıları hesaplandı. Annelerin eğitim düzeyleri artıkça kaygı düzeylerinin düştüğü görüldü. Çalışan annelerin pozitif dini başa çıkma düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşıldı. Birden fazla gebelik geçiren
annelerin daha az pandemi kaygısı yaşadıkları ortaya çıktı. İlçe, köy ve kırsalda yaşayan annelerin şehir merkezlerinde yaşayanlardan daha az kaygılı oldukları gözlendi ve onların pozitif dini başa çıkma düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu
görüldü. Ailelerin gelir düzeyleri ile dini başa çıkma herhangi bir ilişki tespit edilmedi. Gün içerisinde daha çok saat haberlere maruz kalan annelerin daha kaygılı oldukları ortaya çıktı. Pandemi boyunca annelerin öznel dindarlık
algıları ile dini başa çıkma arasında pozitif bir ilişki tespit edildi. Pozitif dini başa çıkma ile pandemi kaygısı arasında herhangi bir doğrusal anlamlı ilişkinin olmadığı sonucuna varıldı. Bu araştırma, Hakkari Üniversitesi
Etik Kurulunun 27/04/2022 tarih ve 27655 sayılı onayı ile yürütülmüştür.
A Common Nefes of Edîb Harâbî in Alevi-Bektashi Music: Kâf ü nun hitâbı izhâr olmadan
Authors: CÖMERT Eray
Published: January 2023

19. yüzyıl Bektâşî geleneğinin en önemli temsilcilerinden biri olan Edîb Harâbî’nin şiirleri yaşadığı dönemden itibaren sözlü aktarımın yanı sıra cönk ve mecmua gibi yazılı kaynaklar yoluyla yaygınlık kazanmıştır. Sadeddin Nüzhet [Ergun],
Edîb Harâbî’nin Kâf ü nun hitâbı izhâr olmadan sözleriyle başlayan nefesinin, kendine mahsus melodisi ile Bektâşî çevrelerinde yaygın olarak seslendirildiğini belirtmektedir. Ancak, 20. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinden itibaren literatüre
giren ve çeşitli arşivlerde muhafaza edilen notalarda, Edîb Harâbî’nin bu nefesinin benzer, kısmen benzer ve farklı melodilerle icra edildiği görülmektedir. Bu notalar çoğunlukla Bektâşî musikisine ilişkin verileri aktarsa da,
nefesin İstanbul çevresindeki farklı tarikatların ayinlerine taşındığına işaret eden izler de vardır. Bununla birlikte, Anadolu’da gerçekleştirilen derleme çalışmalarında nefesin birbirinden bağımsız melodilerle seslendirilen örnekleri
tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla, Edîb Harâbî’nin nefesini ihtiva eden musiki kaynakları, Sadeddin Nüzhet’in nefesin yaygınlığı konusundaki tespitini doğrulamakta, fakat bu yaygınlığın farklı coğrafî alanlarda ve benzer, kısmen benzer
ve farklı melodiler yoluyla gerçekleştiğine işaret etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Edîb Harâbî’nin bu nefesinin inşâd edildiği melodiler, literatür taraması ve arşiv araştırması yoluyla tanımlanmakta, temin edilen notalar ve ses kayıtları
üzerinden nefesin 20. yüzyılda Alevî-Bektâşî çevrelerindeki yaygınlığı ve müzikal çeşitliliği ortaya çıkarılmaktadır. Çalışmada nefesin klasik üslupta bestelenmiş Hüzzam/Segâh, Eviç Huzi, Neva ve Rast makamlarındaki en az beş farklı
melodi ile icra edildiği; ayrıca, Tunceli, Konya, Amasya ve Sivas’ta gerçekleştirilen derlemelerde birbirinden bağımsız âşık tarzı melodilerle seslendirildiği anlaşılmıştır.
Comparative Preference of Airtraq Laryngoscope Over Macintosh Laryngoscope- A Review
Authors: Bhardwaj Yatharth , Singam Amol
Published: January 2023

Tracheal intubation using a Macintosh laryngoscope can save lives. However, because intubation is a difficult procedure to master, failures can have disastrous results. A more recent intubation tool than the Macintosh is the Airtraq optical laryngoscope, which offers glottic plane visualization without requiring correct tracheal, pharyngeal and oral axes alignment. Airtraq can improve the incidence of failed first intubations and the time required to manage an airway, especially in patients who have had cervical spine trauma which requires manual stabilization of the cervical spine. With no differences in hemodynamics or intubation duration, the Airtraq laryngoscope offered patients a better laryngeal vision than the Macintosh laryngoscope by providing shorter laryngoscopy and intubation time, and easier intubation. The aim of this literature review was to compare these two laryngoscopes with respect to endotracheal intubation. This review article was put together after a comprehensive study of the literature using the electronic databases PubMed, Medline, Embase and Google. Airtraq laryngoscope was found to be superior to Macintosh laryngoscope as it provides a better view of the glottic region with more ease and less intubation time than the conventional Macintosh laryngoscope.
Research Progress of Artificial Neural Network and Its Application in Fault Diagnosis of Chemical Industry
Authors: Zhao Zhihui , Li Jiying
Published: January 2023

Many characteristics exhibited by artificial neural networks, such as nonlinearity, large scale, strong parallel processing ability, as well as robustness, fault tolerance, and strong self-learning ability, make it attractive for fault detection and diagnosis in complex systems. The relationship between the complex process, cumbersome process, and measurable process variable failure causes of chemical process is very complicated. Once a failure occurs, it will cause huge economic losses and casualties. The emergence of artificial neural network provides a new chemical fault diagnosis technology, which can carry out early and accurate fault detection and diagnosis for chemical process and equipment, so as to improve the efficiency and safety of production. This paper introduces the basic principle and development history of artificial neural network, as well as several typical artificial neural networks, such as back propagation algorithm (BP network), radial basis network (RBF network), and their application in chemical process fault diagnosis.
Sports specific metacognitions and competitive state anxiety in athletes: A comparison between different sporting types
Authors: Barrett Emily , Kannis‐Dymand Lee , Love Steven , Ramos‐Cejudo Juan , Lovell Geoff P.
Published: January 2023

This study investigated the relationship between sport related metacognitions with state anxiety dimensions, and compared how sporting categories affected these variables, among an online sample of athletes (N = 187). A MANOVA revealed there were significant differences between sporting types in metacognitive beliefs relating to the utility of rumination and arousal, the need to control thoughts, and levels of somatic anxiety. Correlations and multiple regressions showed that that in contrast to the relationships with self‐confidence, cognitive and somatic state anxiety were positively associated with specific dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs, but negatively related to metacognitive processes. Overall, these findings highlight that: (a) athletes might adopt metacognitions to meet the different cognitive demands of sport types; and (b) metacognitions are in part responsible for the occurrence of state anxiety and self‐confidence during competitions. The findings of this study have implications toward how researchers and sports practitioners approach the comprehensive nature of competitive anxiety.
Bidirectional Atomic Iron Catalysis of Sulfur Redox Conversion in High‐Energy Flexible ZnS Battery
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Wang Mingli , Ma Jingkang , Zhang Hong , Fu Lin , Song Bin , Lu Songtao , Lu Ke
Published: January 2023

To achieve the full theoretical potential of high energy ZnS electrochemistry, the incomplete and sluggish conversion during battery discharging and high reactivation energy barrier during battery recharging associated with the sulfur cathodes must be overcome. Herein, the atomically dispersed Fe sites with FeN4 coordination are experimentally and theoretically predicted as bidirectional electrocatalytic hotspots to simultaneously manipulate the complete sulfur conversion and minimize the energy barrier of ZnS decomposition. It is discovered that the Fe sites were favorable for strong sulfur and possible zinc polysulfide intermediate adsorption, and ensure nearly complete sulfur to ZnS conversion during discharge. For the following recharging process, the electrodeposited ZnS can be readily reversible charged back to S without a noticeable activation overpotential around FeN4 moieties comparing to pure carbon matrixes. As expected, the freestanding iron embedded carbon fiber cloth supported sulfur cathode delivers a high specific capacity of 1143 mAh g−1 and a lower voltage hysteresis of 0.61 V. As elaborated by postmortem analysis, the degradation mechanism of ZnS cell is the accumulation of inactive ZnS crystals on the cathode side rather than the Zn metallic depletion. More encouragingly, a flexible solid‐state ZnS battery with a high discharge capacity and stable reversibility is also demonstrated.
Differentiating the Impacts of Cu2O Initial Low‐ and High‐Index Facets on Their Reconstruction and Catalytic Performance in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction
Authors: Han Chen , Kundi Varun , Ma Zhipeng , Toe Cui Ying , Kumar Priyank , Tsounis Constantine , Jiang Junjie , Xi Shibo , Han Zhaojun , Lu Xunyu , Amal Rose , Pan Jian
Published: January 2023

Oxide‐derived Cu catalysts from Cu2O microcrystals are capable of electrochemically converting CO2 into various value‐added chemicals. However, their structural transformation and associated preferred products remain unclear, requiring further investigation. Herein, Cu2O microcrystals with controllable low‐ and high‐index facets exposure are fabricated to differentiate the effects of initial exposed facets on their structural reconstruction and product selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. Combined in situ characterizations and theoretical investigation reveal the direct correlations of Cu2O reconstruction and product selectivity to its initial facet exposure. The Cu2O low‐index facet, being more stable with a high energy barrier on material reduction, tends to partially maintain its original crystalline structure and larger Cu2O particle size throughout the transformation. The derived flatter surface and limited Cu2O/Cu interfaces result in a favorable selectivity toward 2‐electron transfer products. The chemically active Cu2O high‐index facet (311) is energetically favorable to be reduced owing to the feasible protonation process, thus experiencing a drastic reconstruction with rich newly formed Cu nanoparticles and evolved fine Cu2O grains; Such a reconstruction creates uncoordinated Cu species and abundant boundaries, benefiting charge transfer and increasing the local pH by confining OH−, thus leading to a high selectivity toward C2+ products.
Anti‐Corrosive SnS2/SnO2 Heterostructured Support for Pt Nanoparticles Enables Remarkable Oxygen Reduction Catalysis via Interfacial Enhancement
Authors: Lin Zijie , Liu Junyi , Li Shenzhou , Liang Jiashun , Liu Xuan , Xie Linfeng , Lu Gang , Han Jiantao , Huang Yunhui , Li Qing
Published: January 2023

The stability of Pt‐based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in hydrogen fuel cells is seriously handicapped by the corrosion of their carbon supports at high potentials and acidic environments. Herein, a novel SnS2/SnO2 hetero‐structured support is reported for Pt nanoparticles (NPs) as the ORR catalyst, where Pt NPs are mainly deposited at the interfaces of SnS2 and SnO2 moieties. The Pt‐support interactions, which can be tuned by the concentration of the heterointerfaces, can accelerate the electronic transfer and enrich the electron density of Pt with a favorable shift of the d‐band center. In electrochemical measurements, the ORR mass activity (MA) of the optimal Pt‐SnS2/SnO2 catalyst at 0.9 V versus RHE (0.40 A mgPt−1) is four times higher than that of Pt/C. As for the stability, the electrochemical active surface area and MA of Pt‐SnS2/SnO2 are only decreased by 18.2% and 23.7% after 50 000 potential cycles at a high potential region (1.0–1.6 V), representing the best ORR stability among the reported Pt‐based catalysts. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the binding energy and migration barrier of Pt atom/cluster on the SnS2/SnO2 heterojunction are much higher relative to other supports, accounting for the outstanding stability of the catalyst.
Compatible Stealth Metasurface for Laser and Infrared with Radiative Thermal Engineering Enabled by Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Xianghui , Wang Pan , Xiao Chengyu , Fu Liucheng , Xu Jun , Zhang Di , Zhou Han , Fan Tongxiang
Published: January 2023

Metasurface‐based mid‐infrared stealth compatible with visual or laser provide a promising way to increase survivability of military installations. However, current designs of metasurfaces following traditional paradigm suffer from low efficiency on calculating global structural parameters for multispectral requirements and limited thermal radiation engineering. Here, a metasurface with high‐performance compatible stealth and effect thermal management is proposed, based on a machine‐learning‐enabled inverse design approach. The approach can rapidly generate multiple non‐unique solutions in global to match the desired spectra in multi‐wavebands, utilizing neural networks with physical‐based data dimensionality. The finally generated metasurface has low specular reflectance (<0.01) at near‐infrared laser wavelength and enhanced broad absorptance peak at 5–8 µm, which is attributed to the reflection splitting effect and infrared plasmonic resonance, respectively. Furthermore, a low‐cost fabrication method is developed to produce the metasurface by colloidal lithography. The metasurface is demonstrated to have excellent capability of radiative thermal control and significantly decrease the apparent temperature under thermal imager (>50 °C). This study reveals an opportunity to inversely generate multiple solutions for photonic structures targeting on multispectral responses, in a systematic and efficient manner.
Bifunctional Edge‐Rich Nitrogen Doped Porous Carbon for Activating Oxygen and Sulfur
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Zhu Xiaohang , Song Yujie , Huang Guanlin , Wei Jiamin , Song Xiaokai , Xiao Qi , Zhao Tao , Jiang Wan , Li Xiaopeng , Luo Wei
Published: January 2023

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) play key roles in advanced batteries. However, they both suffer from sluggish reaction kinetics. Here, an interesting nitrogen doped porous carbon material that can simultaneously activate oxygen and sulfur is reported. The carbon precursor is a nitrogen containing covalent organic framework (COF), constituting periodically stacked 2D sheets. The COF structure is well preserved upon pyrolysis, resulting in the formation of edge‐rich porous carbon with structure resembling stacked holey graphene. The nitrogen containing groups in the COF are decomposed into graphitic and pyridinic nitrogen during pyrolysis. These edge sites and uniform nitrogen doping endow the carbon product with high intrinsic catalytic activities toward ORR and SRR. The COF derived carbon delivers outstanding performances when assembling as cathodes in the Li‐S and Li‐O2 batteries. Simultaneous activation of oxygen and sulfur also enables a new battery chemistry. A proof‐of‐concept Li‐S/O2 hybrid battery is assembled, delivering a large specific capacity of 2,013 mAh g−1. This study may inspire novel battery designs based on oxygen and sulfur chemistry.
High‐Performance Delivery of a CRISPR Interference System via Lipid‐Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles Combined with Ultrasound‐Mediated Microbubble Destruction for Tumor‐Specific Gene Repression
Authors: Li Yan , Wu Pengying , Zhu Mingting , Liang Meiling , Zhang Lei , Zong Yujin , Wan Mingxi
Published: January 2023

The dCas9‐based CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system efficiently silences genes without causing detectable off‐target activity, thus showing great potential for the treatment of cancer at the transcriptional level. However, due to the large size of the commonly used CRISPRi system, effective delivery of the system has been a challenge that hinders its application in the clinic. Herein, a combination of pH‐responsive lipid‐polymer hybrid nanoparticles (PLPNs) and ultrasound‐mediated microbubble destruction (UMMD) is used for the delivery of the CRISPRi system. The core–shell structure of PLPNs can effectively be loaded with the CRISPRi plasmid, and increases the time spent in the circulating in vivo, and “actively target” cancer cells. Moreover, the combination of PLPNs with UMMD achieves a higher cellular uptake of the CRISPRi plasmid in vitro and retention in vivo. Furthermore, when PLPNs loaded with a CRISPRi plasmid that targets microRNA‐10b (miR‐10b) are used in combination with UMMD, it results in the effective repression of miR‐10b in breast cancer, simultaneous disturbance of multiple cell migration and invasion‐related signaling pathways, and a significant inhibition of lung metastasis. Thus, the established system presents a versatile, highly efficient, and safe strategy for delivery of the CRISPRi system both in vitro and in vivo.
Dual/Triple Template‐Induced Evolved Emulsion for Controllable Construction of Anisotropic Carbon Nanoparticles from Concave to Convex
Authors: Liu Yujie , Liu Shilong , Tian Yong , Wang Xiufang
Published: January 2023

Anisotropic mesoporous carbon (AMC) nanoparticles with asymmetric external morphologies, topological internal structure, and superior performance of carbon species are attracting great attention because of their seductive features differentiating them from symmetric nanoparticles. However, a bewildering challenge but crucial desire remains to endow them with flexibly tunable morphology and pore structure. Herein, a dual/triple‐templating evolved emulsion strategy for tunable fabrication of AMC nanoparticles with distinctive defined structure by interface‐energy‐induced self‐assembly is first reported based on a brand‐new mechanism. It describes the possible formation process of the concave‐cavity structure and allows for manipulation of the longitudinal and lateral sizes systematically by adjusting emulsion polarity and sodium oleate dosage, respectively. Interestingly, the internal pore structure can be rearranged into radial channels and the external morphology can realize structural transformation from concave to convex by innovatively introducing the third template n‐hexanol, which is unprecedented at nanoscale. Remarkably, due to the excellent properties of carbon species and unique structural characteristics, AMC nanoparticles not only demonstrate good biocompatibility but also exhibit splendid performance in improving the dissolution and release rates of insoluble drug and enhancing the enzyme catalytic efficiency. Generally, this approach provides new inspiration and insights for expanding exquisite anisotropic nanomaterials for many potential applications.
Cellulose‐Derived Wearable Carbon Nanoflake Sensors Customized by Semiconductor Laser Photochemistry
Authors: Tao Yufeng , He Kun , Zhang Erjin , Tan Jing , Hao Hui , Ren Xudong
Published: January 2023

Multi‐functional wearable electrical materials have been regarded as one of the most pivotal cornerstones for the booming internet of things (IoTs), biomimetic robotics/science, and sensory e‐skins. Nevertheless, customizable, high‐throughput, batch‐fabricated, function‐integrated wearable electronics remain technologically challenging to traditional material engineering. Hereby, a cellulose‐converted active amorphous carbon nanomaterial is developed via a transfer‐free, precursor‐free rapid laser synthesis method incorporating deformation‐tolerant waste papers. The lattice fringe spacing of laser‐synthesized carbon nanoflake is ≈0.305 nm topologically distinct from graphene or carbon dots. The nanostructured three‐dimensional (3D) carbon network exhibits desirable mechanical flexibility, high hygroscopicity/electrical conductivity, large ion storing capacity for Zn2+ or Na+, high sensitivity to pressure, and a natural microwave absorbing ratio (> 37 dB at the terahertz range). Abundant percolation pathways inside cellulose/carbon composite networks offered fast electrolyte diffusion and carrier mobility. A series of low‐cost highly‐deformable interdigitated supercapacitors, tactile sensors, electrical circuits, and functional coatings are experimentally fabricated and identified, enabling waste paper as a function‐magnified meta platform for e‐skins, wearable energy devices, or IoTs interfaces.
High‐Throughput Screening of Metabolic Biomarkers and Wearable Biosensors for the Quantification of Metabolites
Authors: Zhang Ru , Qian Kun
Published: January 2023

Metabolic biomarkers facilitate pathological/physiological investigations and clinic decisions. Noninvasive quantification of metabolic biomarkers allows patients to monitor their health without time, location, and environmental constraints. Recently, the synergistic integration between high‐throughput screening strategy via mass spectrometry and noninvasive quantification techniques via wearable biosensors may provide fundamental insights into the application of metabolic biomarkers in clinical diagnostics. Here, mass spectrometry for the screening of metabolic biomarkers in several major clinical diseases (retinoblastoma, coronary heart disease, lung adenocarcinoma) is introduced. Then, three types of wearable biosensors based on electrochemistry, organic electrochemical transistors, and field effect transistors for the noninvasive quantification of metabolic biomarkers are summarized. The review may serve as a handbook for high‐throughput screening of metabolic biomarkers and wearable biosensors for the quantification of metabolites. It is anticipated that biomarker discovery and quantification will facilitate the next generation of wearable biosensors toward personalized, intelligent, and precise home–healthcare on a large‐scale.
Improving the Performance of Lead‐Free FASnI3‐Based Perovskite Solar Cell with Nb2O5 as an Electron Transport Layer
Authors: Hosen Adnan , Mian Md. Suruz , Ahmed Sheikh Rashel Al
Published: January 2023

In this work, the photovoltaic outputs of the lead‐free FASnI3‐based perovskite solar cells are discussed by using Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator in One Dimension. The device outputs estimated theoretically in this study are almost equal to the experimental results, thereby verifying accuracy of this simulation. To find the decent electron transport layer (ETL), herein, various ETLs are presented instead of C60/BCP in the experimental FASnI3‐based perovskite solar cell (PSC). The designed FASnI3 PSC utilizing niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) as an ETL with an appropriate band alignment and a low lattice mismatch at FASnI3/ETL interface provides better efficiency by decreasing recombination at front side. The performances of the proposed PSC are also measured by altering the thickness and doping of ETL and absorber, interface defects, and series and shunt resistances. Furthermore, this paper reports the calculation of recombination coefficients at absorber/ETL interface, depletion region, and quasi‐neutral region. An improved efficiency of 22.24% is evaluated at optimized thicknesses of 100 nm for HTL, 500 nm for absorber, 50 nm for ETL, and 50 nm for ITO for the proposed inverted PSC of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/FASnI3/Nb2O5/Ag. These results suggest that chemically stable and less‐toxic Nb2O5 can be applied as a useful ETL in inverted PSCs for further improving the performances.
Hybrid Cycloalkyl‐Alkyl Chain‐Based Symmetric/Asymmetric Acceptors with Optimized Crystal Packing and Interfacial Exciton Properties for Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Xiao Cong , Wang Xunchang , Zhong Tian , Zhou Ruixue , Zheng Xufan , Liu Yirui , Hu Tianyu , Luo Yixuan , Sun Fengbo , Xiao Biao , Liu Zhitian , Yang Chunming , Yang Renqiang
Published: January 2023

Hybrid cycloalkyl‐alkyl side chains are considered a unique composite side‐chain system for the construction of novel organic semiconductor materials. However, there is a lack of fundamental understanding of the variations in the single‐crystal structures as well as the optoelectronic and energetic properties generated by the introduction of hybrid side chains in electron acceptors. Herein, symmetric/asymmetric acceptors (Y‐C10ch and A‐C10ch) bearing bilateral and unilateral 10‐cyclohexyldecyl are designed, synthesized, and compared with the symmetric acceptor 2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐((12,13‐bis(2‐butyloctyl)‐3,9 bis(ethylhexyl)‐12,13‐dihydro‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐e]thieno[2″,3″′:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:4,5] pyrrolo[3,2‐g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]indole‐2,10‐ diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile (L8‐BO). The stepwise introduction of 10‐cyclohexyldecyl side chains decreases the optical bandgap, deepens the energy level, and enables the acceptor molecules to pack closely in a regular manner. Crystallographic analysis demonstrates that the 10‐cyclohexyldecyl chain endows the acceptor with a more planar skeleton and enforces more compact 3D network packing, resulting in an active layer with higher domain purity. Moreover, the 10‐cyclohexyldecyl chain affects the donor/acceptor interfacial energetics and accelerates exciton dissociation, enabling a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of >18% in the 2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐((12,13‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,9‐diundecyl12,13‐dihydro‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐e]thieno[2″,3″′:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2‐g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]indole‐2,10‐diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile (Y6) (PM6):A‐C10ch‐based organic solar cells (OSCs). Importantly, the incorporation of Y‐C10ch as the third component of the PM6:L8‐BO blend results in a higher PCE of 19.1%. The superior molecular packing behavior of the 10‐cyclohexyldecyl side chain is highlighted here for the fabrication of high‐performance OSCs.
Guided‐Growth Ultrathin Metal Film Enabled Efficient Semi‐Transparent Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Yuniu , Zheng Jiawei , Jiang Zhengyan , He Xinjun , Kim Jinwook , Xu Luhang , Qin Minchao , Lu Xinhui , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko , Choy Wallace C. H.
Published: January 2023

Semi‐transparent organic solar cells (STOSCs) have great potential in power‐generating windows for building facades and automobiles. At present, the evaporated metal thin film is widely used as the transparent top electrode in STOSCs owing to its relatively high conductivity. However, its transmittance in the visible range is sacrificed for fulfilling the thickness requirement of the electrical percolation threshold. Herein, a facile approach of introducing pre‐located Ag nanoparticles (NPs) with an optimized amount of ligands is demonstrated to promote the high‐quality and ultrathin evaporated Ag film formation for high‐performance transparent electrodes beyond that of merely evaporated electrodes. With the pre‐located and ligand‐optimized Ag NPs, the growth of evaporated Ag clusters can be guided to form high‐quality transparent electrode. Equally important, the approach also reduces the mis‐stacking defects of the electron transport layer and thus favors the carrier transportation/extraction to the electrode. By using these Ag NPs/7 nm Ag with a sheet resistance less than 15 Ω sq−1 and average transmittance of 59.30% in the visible region as the main structure in the top electrode, a PM6:L8‐BO based STOSC achieves light utilization efficiency of 4.422% with a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 12.80%. This work provides a facile strategy to not only realize high‐quality and transparent ultrathin electrode with detailed understanding, but also to promote the practical applications of semi‐transparent photonic devices.
Stackable Direct Current Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic Hybrid Nanogenerator for Self‐Powered Air Purification and Quality Monitoring
Authors: Chen Jie , Gong Shaokun , Gong Tingwei , Yang Xiaohong , Guo Hengyu
Published: January 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and electromagnetic generators (EMGs) show their strengths in harvesting mechanical energy from ambient environment, while the output characteristics of the hybrid generators are not optimally utilized. Here, a stackable triboelectric‐electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator is designed to construct a self‐powered environmental governance system that fully harnesses the high‐voltage output of TENG and high‐current output of EMG, respectively. Based on the corona discharge, a cylindrical direct‐current TENG is obtained by a flexible contact between flourinated ethylene propylene and Ag fiber cloth. Systematic studies of the parameters that affect TENG outputs are also performed. The results show that the two stacked direct‐current TENG generates a −8.76 µC s−1 discharge rate and −21.61 kV voltage at 1400 rpm. For the EMG component, the rectified average power is 2.51 W, which can charge a capacitor of 1 F to 3 V in 38.9 s. Finally, driven by airflow, the designed hybrid nanogenerator is applied to release negative air ions and continuously power an air quality detector. The self‐powered air purification and quality monitoring system via hybrid nanogenerator established in this work may provide an alternative avenue for sustainable societies.
Knowledge‐Driven Design and Lab‐Based Evaluation of B‐doped TiO2 Photocatalysts for Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Liu Chuangwei , Hao Derek , Ye Jin , Ye Sheng , Zhou Fengling , Xie Hongbo , Qin Gaowu , Xu Jiating , Liu Jian , Li Song , Sun Chenghua
Published: January 2023

The room‐temperature nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is of paramount significance for both the fertilizer industry and fundamental catalysis science. To produce ammonia from water, air, and sunlight, the photocatalytic NRR is targeted to significantly release the energy and environmental pressure associated with the current Habor–Bosch process. In this context, herein, the knowledge‐driven design of boron‐doped TiO2 is demonstrated as a photocatalyst for the nitrogen reduction reaction. Among 54 catalysts in the reported library, anatase TiO2(101) modified by boron doping is identified as an exceptional NRR catalyst with strong visible‐light absorption (bandgap 1.92 eV) and excellent reactivity with a small thermodynamic barrier (0.44 eV) as well as a high turnover frequency (1.08 × 10−5 s−1 site−1). Experimentally, the predictions of this work are validated using a B‐doped TiO2 nanosheet, achieving ammonia production with a yield of 3.35 mg h−1 g−1 under simulated sunlight irradiation, which significantly renews the performance record for Ti‐based photocatalyst for the NRR. This work highlights the importance of dual active site catalysts for nitrogen activation and reduction and demonstrates the capacity of knowledge‐driven catalyst design.
Streamlined alpha‐amylase assays for wheat preharvest sprouting and late maturity alpha‐amylase detection
Authors: Hauvermale Amber L. , Parveen Rehana S. , Harris Tracy J. , Tuttle Keiko M. , Mikhaylenko Galina , Nair Sindhu , McCubbin Andrew G. , Pumphrey Michael O. , Steber Camille M.
Published: January 2023

Late maturity alpha‐amylase (LMA) and preharvest sprouting (PHS) lead to elevated alpha‐amylase in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain. Risk of poor end‐product quality due to elevated alpha‐amylase is detected in the wheat industry using the Hagberg–Perten falling number (FN) method. In breeding programs, selection for PHS and LMA tolerance requires higher throughput methods requiring a smaller sample size than the 7 g required for the FN method. Specifically, LMA can only be screened only using detection of alpha‐amylase activity or protein after cold treatment of individual wheat spikes at a specific stage of grain development resulting in very small samples (≤1 g). This study developed and evaluated a high throughput 96‐well method for the Phadebas alpha‐amylase enzyme assay for small wheat grain samples and compared this method to FN and the Megazyme Alpha‐Amylase SD (Sprout Damage) Assay Kit performed on the automated Awareness Technology ChemWell‐T Analyzer. In parallel, the efficacy of low‐cost small‐scale milling methods was evaluated relative to traditional larger scale mills. The Phadebas enzyme activity was highly reproducible and showed a strong correlation to the SD enzyme assay and FN method regardless of which mill was used to process the grain. The SD assay offers simpler standardization and calculation of enzyme activity, whereas the Phadebas assay offers higher sensitivity and lower expense. Both the 96‐well Phadebas and automated Megazyme SD assays are suitable for alpha‐amylase detection from small samples, and the use of low‐cost coffee grinders to process small samples did not significantly impact assay performance.
Maize performance in a kura clover living mulch under drought conditions
Authors: Alexander Jonathan R. , Baker John M. , Venterea Rodney T.
Published: January 2023

Row establishment is important to mitigate competition with maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings in a kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.) living mulch (KCLM). This study investigated the effect of row‐establishment and fertilizer nitrogen (N) rate on maize yield and N uptake in a KCLM system in Arlington, WI, and Rosemount, MN, during the 2021 growing season. Row establishment treatments included rotary zone tillage (RZT), shank strip‐tillage (ST), and banded herbicides (BH), each evaluated at six N rates from 0 to 225 kg N ha−1. Extended periods of moderate and severe drought were experienced during the study period. The Arlington and Rosemount sites received 64 and 63% of the normal precipitation between 20 Apr. and 31 Oct. 2021, but poor distribution and higher temperatures at Rosemount elevated drought severity indices at that site. Grain yields at Rosemount were 3.6 Mg ha−1, whereas Arlington produced yields that matched expectations for the area (10 Mg ha−1). Row establishment affected maize grain yield differentially at each site, where, under severe drought conditions, BH maximized maize yield, whereas under moderate drought conditions, the higher level of tillage (RZT) maximized maize yield. These responses are most likely attributed to reduced moisture loss in the row‐zone of the BH treatment and the greater level of clover suppression in the RZT treatment and their interactions with specific weather conditions at the research sites. Results from this study indicate that row establishment methods in a KCLM cropping system should be considered with spring environmental conditions and the expected weather outlook.
No‐tillage and nitrogen fertilization on soil chemical properties under dryland wheat–sorghum–fallow rotation
Authors: Obour Augustine K. , Holman Johnathon D. , Simon Logan M. , Assefa Yared
Published: January 2023

The main objective of the present study was to investigate changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, as well as macro‐ and micronutrient concentrations in the top 0‐to‐5‐ and 5‐to‐15‐cm soil depths under no‐tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) practices at different nitrogen (N) application rates. The soil analysis was conducted in 2019 and 2020 from CT and NT treatments from a long‐term study conducted near Hays, KS, with N fertilizer rates of 0, 45, 90, and 134 kg N ha−1. Averaged across years, SOC in the top 0‐to‐5‐cm soil depth under NT was 19% greater than that measured in CT, but SOC was not different between the two tillage practices in the 5‐to‐15‐cm depth. The SOC concentration increased by 24–25% within the top 0‐to‐5‐cm soil depth with increasing N rate from 0 to 90 or 134 kg N ha−1. Soil pH declined at rates of 0.004 and 0.007 for every kg ha−1increase in N rate for CT and NT treatments within the 0‐to‐5‐cm soil depth. Nitrate‐N concentration under NT at the top 0–5 cm soil was 55% more than CT but ammonium‐N concentration was unaffected by tillage or N rate. Phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) concentrations measured in the top 0–5 cm were 24, 34, and 33% greater in soils under NT compared with CT, respectively. Findings of the study suggest pH and SOC stratification in long‐term NT systems can affect soil macro‐ and micronutrient concentrations and availability in dryland crop production systems.
Effects of two categorically differing emergent wetland plants on evapotranspiration
Authors: Kiniry James R. , Williams Amber S. , Reisner Louise M. , Hatfield Jerry L. , Kim Sumin
Published: January 2023

Although wetlands are an important component of many landscapes, emergent plants have had variable impacts on wetland hydrology. In the present study, similar to what others have done with emergent plants, we investigated the impacts of black willow (Salix nigra Marshall) and Pennsylvania smartweed (Persicaria pensylvanica L.) on water loss from standing water relative to water loss with no emergent plants from 2018 to 2020. Pans were established with soil and standing water for three replications of five treatments: open water control, low population density black willow, high density black willow, low density smartweed, and high density smartweed. Each week during the growing season water levels, water temperature, leaf area index, and height were recorded. Pans were then refilled to the standard level. The assumption was that open water was just evaporation and the increase in water loss in the presence of plants was due to transpiration. Thus, we could partition water loss between evaporation and transpiration by calculating the difference between pans without plants and pans with plants. This difference is the transpiration by the plants. Water temperature was measured to check on any possible shading effect. Open water evaporation was lower than black willow and smartweed evapotranspiration. Mean increases in water use relative to the control were 37% for smartweed and 66% for black willow. These differences were even more dramatic when calculated for only the last 2 years. Smartweed increased water use by 40% and black willow by 92%. Because pans with plants had lower maximum daily water temperatures than those of the control in the summer, the increased water loss with plants was largely due to transpiration. Smartweed transpired more than willows. The willow root system and leaf area greatly increased after the first year, resulting in more water loss and lower summer water temperature. Low and high density treatments did not differ significantly for any metrics gathered, with few exceptions. This evapotranspiration information addresses wetland water balance questions and is useful for process‐based models.
Outcomes of patients with limited‐stage plasmablastic lymphoma: A multi‐institutional retrospective study
Authors: Hess Brian T. , Giri Anshu , Park Yeonhee , Patel Krina K. , Link Brian K. , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Maliske Seth M. , Fortin Sonia , Chavez Julio C. , Saeed Hayder , Hill Brian T. , Mejia Garcia Alex V. , Maddocks Kami J. , Hanel Walter , Wagner‐Johnston Nina D. , Messmer Marcus R. , Kahl Brad S. , Watkins Marcus , Alderuccio Juan Pablo , Lossos Izidore S. , Nathan Sunita , Orellana‐Noia Victor M. , Portell Craig A. , Landsburg Daniel J. , Ayers Emily C. , Castillo Jorge J.
Published: January 2023

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare entity, commonly associated with immunosuppressed states such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or solid organ transplant. The clinical course is characterized by high relapse rates and a poor prognosis, leading some clinicians to recommend aggressive frontline therapy. However, a specific review of limited stage (LS) PBL patients is not available to evaluate outcomes and justify treatment recommendations. We performed a retrospective review of LS PBL cases to provide insight into this rare disease. Our cohort consisted of 80 stage I or II PBL patients from 13 US academic centers. With a median follow up of 34 months (1–196), the 3‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort were 72% (95% CI 62, 83) and 79% (95% CI 70, 89), respectively. The 3‐year PFS and OS of patients treated with frontline chemotherapy alone was 65% (95% CI 50, 84) and 71% (95% CI 56, 89), respectively, compared to 85% (95% CI 72, 100) and 96% (95% CI 89, 100), respectively, in patients treated with combined frontline chemotherapy with radiation consolidation. Our data demonstrate favorable outcomes in LS PBL with no improvements in outcome from aggressive frontline treatment including Hyper‐CVAD or auto‐SCT consolidation. Multivariate regression analysis (MRA) demonstrated improved PFS for patients receiving EPOCH based frontline therapy versus CHOP (HR: 0.23; p = 0.029). Frontline chemotherapy followed by radiation consolidation versus chemotherapy alone appeared to be associated with improved relapse and survival outcomes but did not show statistical significance in MRA.
Signatures of high altitude adaptation in Tibeto‐Burman tribes of the Darjeeling Hill Region
Authors: De Saptaparni , Rai Divya , Tamang Shishir , Sherpa Rinchen Doma , Subba Soni , Lepcha Dup Tshering , Govindaraj Periyasamy , Thangaraj Kumarasamy , Chaubey Gyaneshwer , Tamang Rakesh
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The long‐term isolation, endogamy practices, and environmental adaptations have shaped the enormous human diversity in India. The genetic and morphological variations in mainland Indians are well studied. However, the data on the Indian Himalayan populations are scattered. Thus, the present study attempts to understand variations in the selected parameter among four Tibeto‐Burman speaking ethnic tribal populations from the Darjeeling Hill Region (DHR) in the Eastern Himalaya Biodiversity Hotspot region of India.

Methods

A total of 178 healthy male individuals (Lepcha 98, Sherpa 31, Bhutia 27, and Tibetans 22) living at an altitudinal range of 1467–2258 m above the sea level were studied for the 10 parameters namely, weight (kg), height (cm), body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) systolic and diastolic pressure (mm of Hg), pulse rate (per minute), saturation of peripheral oxygen (SPO2) (%), hemoglobin (g/dl), hematocrit (HCT) (%), and blood glucose (mg/dl). The data was statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and multiple linear regression methods.

Results

Our analysis revealed comparatively lower hemoglobin and HCT levels, and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the Sherpas followed by the Tibetans. This may be reflecting the persistence of high‐altitude adaptation signatures even in lowlands. Interestingly, the Tibetans differed significantly from other populations in terms of their higher body weight, height, and BMI.

Conclusion

Thus, our study showed the persistence of high altitude signatures in Tibetans and Sherpa inhabited the DHR. Additionally, we also observed significant differences in the anthropometric and physiological parameters among the Tibeto‐Burman populations of the DHR.
Aufdeckung des Entstehungsmechanismus und Optimierung der Synthesebedingungen von geschichteten Doppelhydroxiden für die Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion
Authors: Chen Zongkun , Wang Xingkun , Han Zhongkang , Zhang Siyuan , Pollastri Simone , Fan Qiqi , Qu Zhengyao , Sarker Debalaya , Scheu Christina , Huang Minghua , Cölfen Helmut
Published: January 2023

Geschichtete Doppelhydroxide (LDHs), deren Bildung stark von der OH‐Konzentration abhängt, haben in verschiedenen Bereichen großes Interesse geweckt. Die Auswirkung der Echtzeit‐Änderung der OH− Konzentration auf die Bildung von LDHs wurde jedoch noch nicht vollständig erforscht, da die bestehenden Synthesemethoden für die in situ Charakterisierung nicht geeignet sind. Hier bietet die gezielt entwickelte Kombination aus NH3‐Gasdiffusion und in situ pH‐Messung eine Lösung für das oben genannte Problem. Die so erhaltenen Ergebnisse deckten den Bildungsmechanismus auf und führten dazu, dass wir eine Bibliothek von LDHs mit den gewünschten Eigenschaften in Wasser bei Raumtemperatur ohne jegliche Additive synthetisieren konnten. Nach der Bewertung ihrer Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktionsleistung stellten wir fest, dass FeNi‐LDH mit einem Fe/Ni‐Verhältnis von 25/75 eine der besten, der bisher berichteten, Leistungen aufweist.
Synthesis of selenophene‐based chalcone analogs and assessment of their biological activity as anticancer agents
Authors: Chen Ya‐Chen , Li Cai‐Wei , Chen Jih‐Jung , Shih Tzenge‐Lien
Published: January 2023

Selenium is an essential micronutrient that is beneficial to human health. Selenium‐containing drugs have been developed as antioxidants, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer agents. However, the synthesis of selenium‐containing chalcones has not been fully explored. Therefore, we report the synthesis of novel selenophene‐based chalcone analogs and reveal their biological activities as anticancer agents. Among the seven synthesized molecules, compounds 6, 8, and 10 exhibited anticancer activity with IC50 values of 19.98 ± 3.38, 38.23 ± 3.30, and 46.95 ± 5.68 μM, respectively, against human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT‐29) cells. Clonogenic assays and Western blot analysis tests further confirmed that compound 6 effectively induced apoptosis in HT‐29 cells through mitochondrial‐ and caspase‐3‐dependent pathways.