bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Batik Kampong in Semarang: A Study of Traditional Urban Settlement Resiliency
Authors: Indrianingrum L , Yuliastuti N , Sari S R , Sholihah J , Prihandanii E , Manurung F R
Published: December 2021

Kampung Batik Semarang is a common name of a specific yet traditional urban settlement located in northern city center of Semarang because of its leading economic in batik making. It has a strong root of resiliency based on its history in recovering the community’s economic and neighbourhood. The aim of this study is to identify the resiliency of kampong batik after certain disaster in the past and the rise and fall of its development. The study is using qualitative approach and descriptive analysis to get depth discussion of efforts of stakeholders and the development of the settlement that leads to the sustainability of this kampong. The result shows that the sustainability of Batik Kampong is related to three factors; there are the historical background, spatial location of the kampung, and the efforts of local government and the community.
Study of Flood Disaster Mitigation Analysis for Transportation Routes in Panakukkang District, Makassar City
Authors: Nur N K , Yunus A I , Satriawan A M D
Published: December 2021

This study conducted an analysis study of flood disaster mitigation for transportation routes in the Panakukkang district of Makassar City. By using ArcGis software, the results of the simulation of safe and vulnerable zone levels based on color indicators are known. There are 5 villages in Panakukkang District which are flood safe zones, with the number of evacuation sites, namely 21 buildings. Then there are 4 villages which are flood alert zones with 2 evacuation sites, 2 buildings. On the first evacuation route there are 8 reference points namely Reference Point C with the distance to the nearest evacuation site 3.22 km and a travel time of 64.3 minutes. Then the reference point A with a distance to the nearest evacuation site is 2.85 km and a travel time of 57 minutes. While the reference point F is the closest point to the nearest evacuation distance 0.71 km and the travel time is 14.2 minutes. All these reference points require travel speeds of 3 km / h on foot. On the second evacuation route there are 6 Reference Points namely reference point A with distance to the nearest evacuation point 1.94 km and travel time 38.8 minutes, reference point E with distance to nearest evacuation location 1.23 km and travel time 24.6 minutes. Then at the reference point C is the closest point to the nearest evacuation distance 0.72 km and the travel time is 14.4 minutes.
Building Criteria for Temporary Quarantine Facilities During COVID-19 in Semarang City
Authors: Murti Hari R , Atmojo P S , Abda J , Fernando R , Utama A B , Taurano G A , Hakim F F , Friatmojo E K
Published: December 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic occurred suddenly and shocked the world in early 2020. However, this situation was exacerbated due to the unpreparedness of the government and local governments in dealing with it. Increasing readiness in prevention and handling is important in increasing regional preparedness to face pandemics. One of the efforts to increase readiness is by providing patient isolation and quarantine buildings, with the aim of controlling the spread of disease. However, it will be more efficient if a building is converted to an isolation and quarantine building during a pandemic. This study aims to identify the ideal criteria for isolation and quarantine for patients and suspects during a pandemic or epidemic. It is hoped that in the future, which buildings can be identified in the city of Semarang that have the potential to be converted into isolation and quarantine buildings. The research was conducted to determine the covid-19 quarantine facility considering the perceptions of experts who are skilled and have experience in the health sector. The variables used were location, accessibility, ventilation, basic functional infrastructure, space for facilities, recreation areas, and contact health monitoring areas. The method used in this research is a quantitative method using the Pairwise Comparison Analysis in Incomplete Analytic Hierarchy Process.
Assessing and preventing deforestation in Kayan Mentarang National Park, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Ginting Monthe A K M , Padjung R , Dale P
Published: December 2021

National parks in Indonesia are valuable assets for the next generations. The urgency to maintain and protect their existence from land degradation and deforestation is an obligation. Moreover, deforestation is the most severe threat to biodiversity. In Kalimantan, deforestation is happening and usually leads to economic loss and poverty. Despite this habitat loss, our ability to quantify deforestation in certain areas to improve mitigation measures, meet the needs of agricultural land, and increases local communities’ resilience and ensure that their customary rights. This study aims to provide models to assess the deforestation rate in Kayan Mentarang National Park and give recommendation action based on existing Land Use Zonation. To achieve this aim, firstly Landsat images was obtained and analysed to produce land use and land cover classification. However, cloud coverage in this area is more than 30% which is too difficult to classify the land cover area. This research use alternative resources from JAXA to generate deforestation map at study area. Then compile this map into map of Land Use Zonation of KMNP to provide specific location of deforestation occurrence. The result showed that deforestation rate at KMNP is low, around 3% and the Traditional Zone has the biggest amount of deforestation occurrence; 18.727 hectare. This finding would give information to the government of KMNP to accelerate empowerment program among indigenous people in term of utilizing their customary land in this zone. Moreover, this research suggest the best practical way to evaluate deforestation occurrence in KMNP area followed by specific recommendation of each land use zonation of KMNP.
Recommendation for lateritic Ni-ore processing: garnierite mineralogical and geochemical approach
Authors: Husain A A , Nur I , Sufriadin  , Irfan U R
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study is to analyze the mineralogy and geochemistry of garnierite and its implication for Ni laterite processing. Mineralogical analysis using optical microscopic and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods were performed, whereas chemical composition was obtained by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method. Genetically, Ni in laterite ore is associated with SiO2 and MgO and is not accompanied by the elements of Co, Fe, Cr, Al, Mn, and Ca. In this study, Ni-laterite ore has Ni content of 2.1%, SiO2 25.42%, S/M ratio 3.7, and Fe/Ni ratio 15.5, meaning that it is more suitable to be processed by pyrometallurgical route. However, there are some characters that still have to go through treatment, namely reducing of Fe from 32.63% to 20%, increasing MgO, and reducing SiO2 by blending. Result of mineralogical analysis shows that the dominant mineral is quartz (44.8%) and talc (38.85%) with small amount of lizardite (16.35%). The high content of quartz and talc and the low in lizardite of the Ni-laterite ore in the study area indicated that it is recommended for pyrometallurgical processing which is also in accordance with its geochemical characteristics.
Is the Foreign Investment Matter for the Agricultural Export?
Authors: Mangilep M A A , Naim N
Published: December 2021

The idea that foreign investments can help developing countries to increase their economic growths and exports may not be fulfilled recently. However, many economists, world organizations and country governments still defend that idea. This study is aimed to compare impacts of foreign and local direct investments to agricultural exports. Quantitative data is obtained from some publications of Indonesian government. This research uses Ordinary Least Square Regression method to analyze relations between foreign and local direct investments with agricultural exports. This research found that foreign direct investments has a nonsignificant effect on agricultural exports, but local investment has a positive significant effect.
Evaluation of heavy metal (Cu, Pb, Zn) distribution in base metal mining area at Sangkaropi: implication for land use planning
Authors: Irfan U R , Maulana A , Nur I , Thamrin M , Manaf M
Published: December 2021

Settling-pond treatment systems have been applied in the base-metal mining area at Sangkaropi, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, before being discharged into the Koyan River through the agriculture area. This study aims to conduct a valuation of pollutant Pb, Cu and Zn in areas impacted by base-metal mining in sediment materials as a sensitive indicator for monitoring contaminants in the aquatic environment. Sediment sampling location, the first is in the upstream before the mining location, the second is located in the mining area to settling pond, and the third is in the area after settling-pond to the agriculture area. The concentrations of heavy metal were analyzed using uses AAS method. The assessment is performed based on the value of contamination degree, enrichment of heavy metal pollutant and ecological risk. The arrangement of the average frequency of heavy metal concentrations is Pb>Cu>Zn, which Cf and I-geo values have the almost same behavior. All metal in the upstream and agriculture site is classified as a low category, the Cu on the second and third sites is moderate. The assessment results from this study represent that Pb has a considerable ecological risk category value. However, polluted-Cu are categorized moderately need to be cautious, because metal enrichment comes from mineralization bedrock in the river. Therefore, the result of this study shows that geologic data, especially mineralized bedrocks associated the heavy metal concentration, should be taken into consideration in land-use planning policy in areas that have been impacted by mining and in the assessment of environmental health impacts.
An investigation of strength degradation due to thickness plate reduction on Ferry Ro-Ro Ship’s Hull
Authors: Nugraha A A M , Pawara M U , Ardianti A , Mahmuddin F
Published: December 2021

Old ships will experience a degradation of the structural strength after receiving repeated loads. Decreased strength performance is also caused by structure shape and structural dimensions changes. In steel ships, Dimensional changes will be discovered when the ship is docked, because the material undergo corrosion causing in thinning the shell plate. In this study, a thickness reduction of the shell plate has been simulated to determine the longitudinal response of the ship’s structure. A Finite element analysis of ferry Ro-Ro ship’s hull was carried out using ANSYS package program. The simulation was carried out to exceed the allowable limit for reducing the thickness plate by the Indonesian Classification Bureau (BKI), which is 20% of the initial plate thickness. Based on simulation result, it was found that an increase of stress at each variation of the reduction in hull plate thickness in hogging and sagging conditions.
The Structuring and Empowerment Policy of Losari Beach Street Vendors Based on The Concept of Smart City
Authors: Ahdi P S , Akil A , Ramli M
Published: December 2021

Mining activities in open pit and underground mines will always be associated with rock breaking or stripping activities (both mechanical and blasting), so that this can affect the structure and strength of rocks. The strength of the rock is strongly influenced by the presence of initial cracks (pre-existing cracks) and rock anisotropy conditions associated with discontinuous plane conditions. Fracture mechanics is a science that illustrates how a fracture can occur and propagate during applied stress on material. The main parameter in fracture mechanics is called fracture toughness which shows the resistance of the material to propagate the crack. There are several mode in determining type I fracture toughness, one of which is type I fracture toughness Flattened Brazilian Disc (FBD) mode. Type I fracture toughness test is carried out using a compression machine in a laboratory and is conducted on concrete samples consisting of 3 (three) various samples, with a ratio of cement and sand composition of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1. This test also uses different loading rate values, namely 2.50 mm/min, 2.70 mm/min, and 2.83 mm/min. The results of the type I fracture toughness value from each loading rate will be compared to determine the effect of the loading rate on the value of type I fracture toughness. The obtained fracture toughness value is also related to the physical and mechanical properties of the samples. Based on the results of tests, it can be seen that the loading rate affects the value of fracture toughness, the increase in fracture toughness value is followed by the higher loading rate. In addition, it can be seen that the fracture toughness value is directly proportional to the uniaxial compressive strength value and the indirect tensile strength value. The average correlation value obtained is R2 = 0.9884 (indicating a strong relationship).
Alternative Using of Fine Aggregate in Concrete with Acid Curing
Authors: Sandy D , Tonapa S R
Published: December 2021

One of the most widely used construction materials is concrete. Concrete technology is currently developing, one of which is looking for alternative materials concrete forming. This research focuses on the use of slag as a fine aggregate in concrete, especially in environments containing sulfuric and chloride acid. Observations were made by testing compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, and flexural strength, with 171 cylindrical specimens and 27 sample beam specimens. The test results show that the relative percentage of compressive strength of normal concrete on H2SO4 curing against normal curing decreased 1.85% and 2.58% on HCl curing. The biggest reduction in the percentage of concrete compressive strength was found in 30% slag substitution with a value 8.42%, while the percentage reduction in the relative strength of the indirect tensile strength concrete is found in concrete with a slag substitution of 35% with a value 9.26%. As well as the decrease in relative percentage of flexural strength was found in 35% slag substitution with a value 12.84%. Although there is a decrease in each characteristic of concrete, slag material can be used as a constituent for concrete under environmental conditions of sulfuric acid and chloride acid.
Experimental Study of the Bearing Capacity of Helix Pile Foundation
Authors: Sangle P R , Febriani L
Published: December 2021

The use helix pile foundations in supporting structures on peat soil has became a challenge for road infrastructure. The helix pile foundation is an alternative for substituting the pile foundation if hard soil is located too far from the surface. Therefore, in this study we examine the bearing capacity of the helix pile foundation on peat soil, including analyzing the effect of the number of helix plates on the bearing capacity of the peat soil. The type of foundation used is a helix pile foundation with a single blade, double blades and triple blades. From the results of the research the bearing capacity of helix double is 35% greater than the bearing capacity of a single helix, the value of triple helix bearing capacity is 25% greater than the double helix and 70% of the single helix. The more number of helix plates used, the greater the bearing capacity of the piles given.
The Effect of Using Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Powder and Rice Husk Asn on Compressive Strength and Intital Setting Time of Alkaline-Activated Mortar
Authors: Sofyan M , Irlan A O , Rokhman A , Purnama D D , Utami R R R
Published: December 2021

Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash and Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Plastic Waste also contribute to environmental problems. Starting from the problem of CO2 emissions to ecosystem damage due to the accumulation of waste on the earth’s surface. Therefore, this study focuses on the use of Fly Ash, Rice husk ash and LLDPE Powder as a mixture of Alkaline-Activated Mortar. In this study, Fly Ash as a Pozzolanic Material mixed with Alkaline Activator Solution serves as a binder for Mortar. Rice husk ash is used as a substitute material for Fly ash while LLDPE powder functions as a substitute material for sand. The percentage of LLDPE powder used in the mortar mixture is from 0 to 15% of the total weight of the mixture. While the percentage of rice husk ash used in the mixture is 7%, Alkali Activator Solution 27% and Sand ranging from 24.5 to 39.5%. There are six variations of the mortar specimen (AAMP1, AAMP2, AAMP3, AAMP4, AAMP5, AAMP6). Initial setting time testing is done on binder mortar. The mortar compressive strength test was carried out at the age of 7 days after curing the oven at temperatures of 40°C and 60°C. From the test results obtained the highest compressive strength of 11.3 MPa on the AAMP6 test object with a curing temperature of 60°C where the percentage of LLDPE powder on the specimen is 15%. The core of the longest setting time is in the AAMP6 Alkaline-Activated Mortar binder variation, which is 180 minutes. The mortar compressive strength test was carried out at the age of 7 days after curing the oven at temperatures of 40°C and 60°C. From the test results obtained the highest compressive strength of 11.3 MPa on the AAMP6 test object with a curing temperature of 60°C where the percentage of LLDPE powder on the specimen is 15%. The core of the longest setting time is in the AAMP6 Alkaline-Activated Mortar binder variation, which is 180 minutes. The mortar compressive strength test was carried out at the age of 7 days after curing the oven at temperatures of 40°C and 60°C. From the test results obtained the highest compressive strength of 11.3 MPa on the AAMP6 test object with a curing temperature of 60°C where the percentage of LLDPE powder on the specimen is 15%. The core of the longest setting time is in the AAMP6 Alkaline-Activated Mortar binder variation, which is 180 minutes.
The Volumetric Analysis of Porous Mixture Containing Modified Plastic Waste
Authors: Aprianti E , Runtulalo D , Zaifullah A M H
Published: December 2021

Porous Asphalt mixture is an asphalt mixture that uses open graded which has a functions as a drainage so that rainwater will not generate aqua planning on the road surface. The purpose of this study was to analyse the volumetric of modified asbuton with plastic waste and with no plastic waste of a mixture of porous asphalt. In this study we used asphalt porous specimens with dimensions of 10 cm in diameter and 8 cm in height. The specimens were made in 3 variations: 0% plastic, 0.5% 1.0% plastic with 9 specimens. This study uses PET (Polyethylene Terephlate) and laboratory experimental-based, where the gradation of porous asphalt mixture refers to the specifications of the Road Engineering Association of Malaysia (2008). The results of this study describe that there was an increase in VIM value due to the addition of PET plastic waste which is plastic is a replacement of aggregate total weight.
The Analysis of Delayed Duration Caused by Unpredictable Factors in Pammukkulu Dam
Authors: Fatkhurrahman D J A , Latief R U , Burhanuddin S
Published: December 2021

This study aims is to find the critical path which caused delay on the projects. Several factors which may affect to the delay are the weather, the lack of manpower, supply chain, equipment and so on. The research methodology was conducted to elaborate the causes are by using qualitative and quantitative researches. Over 35 respondents and 10 expert’s interviewee fill the questioner and were collected within two months. The result obtained is accelerated 3 paths from critical path method (CPM) then calculated the crashing program for each alternative. The alternative of acceleration applied are add the working hours in 4 (four) hours and 7 (seven) hours. In the end, the addition of 4 (four) hours could increase the workforce up to 25% of the total number of workers to get the value of accelerated finishing projects without ignoring the quality and quantity of them. Also, the additional labour is more beneficial in terms of costs they have relativity small number of working hours and would be more efficient.
Additional Value of Bandeng Fish Fishing Business in The District Pinrang
Authors: Putri A R , Rukmana I , Rahmadanih
Published: December 2021

Milkfish is no longer just a superior commodity in Pinrang Regency, but it has become an inflation suppressor in South Sulawesi, so that representatives of Bank Indonesia South Sulawesi have made the milkfish commodity a development cluster in Pinrang Regency. This study aims to analyze the added value of various types of milkfish products processed by milkfish processing household industries in Pinrang Regency. The research was conducted in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The location selection was carried out purposively with the consideration that the location is an area where milkfish processing is located. The respondents used were one home industry. The data analysis used is descriptive qualitative method of data and information and Hayami method. The results showed the added value produced by the processing of boneless fish products with a small size of Rp. 3,450, - / head, medium size Rp. 6.182, - / head, large size Rp. 15,972, - / fish, shredded fish bone product Rp. 41,991, - / pack and Meatball products Rp. 60,923, - / pack. This shows that the development of the milkfish processing industry provides added value (positive). It is hoped that the government can further develop the milkfish processing industry in Pinrang Regency because it can provide beneficial value for milkfish farmers.
Cooling Seasonal Performance Factor (CSPF) Application in Indonesia for Residential Air Conditioning (AC) Unit
Authors: Irsyad Achmad Rofi , Pasek Ari Darmawan , Philander Evan
Published: December 2021

As an archipelago country located around the equator line, Indonesia has a broad ambient temperature range of varying atmospheric conditions. This issue should be concerned with applying ISO 16358-1 to calculate Seasonal Energy Efficient Ratio (SEER) on cooling, or so-called the Cooling Seasonal Performance Factor (CSPF). The ISO 16358-1 recommend a set of bin temperature which can be used as the basis for calculating the CSPF. The research objectives are to compare the local ambient temperature of four cities in Indonesia (Jakarta, Bandung, Pontianak, and Palembang) with the ISO bin temperature. The normal distribution graph of temperature for every four cities in Indonesia shows a remarkable difference from the ISO bin temperature. Jakarta’s most occurring temperature range is 25 – 30 °C, Bandung is 21 – 23 °C, Pontianak is 24 – 26 °C, and Palembang is 24 – 26 °C, annually. Those numbers were compared to the ISO, which has the most occurring temperature range around 24 - 28 °C. The result on CSPF calculation of AC unit sample in the range of 4,000 – 17,000 Btu/hr (both non-inverter and inverter) using Indonesia local bin temperature compared with the ISO bin temperature has an average range of 5.10%. It was concluded that Indonesia’s local ambient temperature affects the CSPF value, especially on the AC inverter unit. On the other hand, the relatively small difference value of CSPF has an advantage in applying the ISO bin temperature for future Indonesia’s energy conservation policy. It could lead to harmonizing with other South-East Asian (ASEAN) countries specifically, and another country also applying the ISO 16358-1, in general.
Study on the effect of various burnable poisons on pebble bed reactor with OTTO fuelling schemes using Serpent 2 Monte Carlo code
Authors: Sidharta Nicholas , Arjuna Almanzo
Published: December 2021

Pebble bed reactor with a once-through-then-out fuelling scheme has the advantage of simplifying the refueling system. However, the core upper-level power density is relatively higher than the bottom, producing an asymmetric core axial power distribution. Several burnable poison (BP) configurations are used to flatten the peak power density and improve power distribution while suppressing the excess core reactivity at the beginning of the burnup cycle. This study uses HTR-PM, China’s pebble bed reactor core, to simulate several burnable poison (BP) configurations. Serpent 2 coupled with Octave and a discrete element method simulation is used to model and simulate the pebble bed reactor core. It is found that erbium needs a large volumetric fraction in either QUADRISO or distributed BP to perform well. On the other hand, gadolinium and boron need a smaller volumetric fraction but perform worse in radial power distribution criteria in the fuel sphere. This study aims to verify the effect of BP added fuel pebbles on an OTTO refueling scheme HTR-PM core axial power distribution and excess reactivity.
Gasoline Engine Performance, Emissions, Vibration And Noise With Methanol-Gasoline Fuel Blends
Authors: Wirawan Tri Susilo , Eka Putra Andi Erwin , Aziz Nasruddin
Published: December 2021

The consumption of fossil fuels raises major issues, such as energy availability and environmental preservation. In order to minimize these issues, it is important to propose alternative fuel. Alternative fuel to be proposed should be easy to apply current type of enginethat do not require engine modification and environmentally friendly. This study aims to determine the effect of addition of methanol as a non-fossil fuel mixture into RON 88 gasoline. The ratio of mixture is 80% of RON 88 gasoline and 20% of methanol. We conducted the experiment to determine the mixture effect on fuel properties, engine performance, engine vibration, engine noise, and exhaust emissions. The engine simulation utilized the TV-1 engine (Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd.). The results show that the engine performance of fuel mixed with methanol tends to be better even though the fuel consumption is higher, the highest specific fuel consumption in the methanol mixture is 2.9 kg/kwh while the specific fuel consumption for gasoline without a methanol mixture is 2.64 kg/kwh. The largest engine vibration occurred in the measurement of the vertical radial direction of 36 m/s2 and 34 m/s2 for with methanol and without the addition of methanol, at 1200 rpm to 1600 rpm respectively. Engine noise is higher for fuel mixed with methanol with the largest value of 86.4 dB compared to 85.7 dB for pure gasoline. Lower emission levels for fuel blended with methanol, where the highest HC emission for pure gasoline is 32 ppm while fuel mixed with methanol is 17 ppm.
Analysis and evaluation of the effect of reflectance values on internal walls, internal roofs, and light shelf on optimal illumination levels in the diploma economics and business building of the vocational school UGM, Yogyakarta
Authors: Utsman S , Rachmawan B , Mohammad K R
Published: December 2021

The use of natural light as a source of lighting in buildings is an option in energy saving. One of the efforts that has been made is the installation of a light shelf. The light shelf installed in the UGM Vocational School Economics and Business Diploma (DEB SV) building is not fully working optimally. As many as 83% of the light shelf in lecture rooms is covered by curtains because it is considered to produce excess light (glare). This results in a greater consumption of lighting electricity. This study was conducted to analyze and evaluate the effect of the reflectance value (color) attached to the internal walls, internal roof, external light shelf, and internal light shelf on the indicator of illumination levels Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI). Furthermore, this study aims to determine the optimum reflectance value (color) parameter. The research was conducted with a simulation method using RadianceIES in the IESVE 2021 software. The first simulation results show the value of reflectance (color) installed (base case) on the internal wall, internal roof, external light shelf, and internal light shelf in one of the lecture rooms of the DEB SV UGM building resulting in a very large value of the UDI>2000lux indicator, which is 84,9% (not according to the criteria). The results of the second simulation provide two variations of the optimum reflectance (color) parameters in the independent variable. The first variation is the internal walls, internal roof, external light shelf, and internal light shelf, each of which has a reflectance value (color) of 90,67% (beige), 100% (white), 90,67% (beige), and 100% (white). The second variation is the internal walls, internal roof, exte rnal light shelf, and internal light shelf, each of which has a reflectance value (color) of 90,67% (beige), 100% (white), 90,67% (beige), and 90,67% (beige).
Substitution of energy needs with renewable energy sources
Authors: Subagyo Subagyo , Moh. Yanuar J P , Bambang P N , Saleh A
Published: December 2021

The problem of global warming is a problem facing the world community. Since the Industrial Revolution’s birth, the use of energy from fuel oil (FF) has surged, and this causes an increase in Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) resulting from burning fuel. This GHG is the cause of the rise in the earth’s temperature, which is estimated to one day, the earth is not comfortable and even no longer habitable. The solution to the problem is reducing GHGs that can be done by saving fuel use, which is replaced with renewable energy sources (REs). RE sources are obtained from the Solar Power Plant (SPP), Wind Energy Power Plant (WEPP), Ocean Wave and Current Power Plant (OWPP and OCPP), Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), Biodiversification Power Plant (BPP), Hybrid Power Plant. Besides, REs can also increase the overall electrification in Indonesia, such as in East Nusa Tenggara. However, the electrification rate is still low in quality. According to the Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation 2014, the National Energy Policy mandates that energy mix from REs in 2025 is expected to reach 23%. This paper presents a literature review on new and renewable energy that can be considered early in their use.
Double Heterogeneity Neutronic Simulation of HTR-10 for First Criticality and Full Power Initial Core with TORT-TD code
Authors: Setyawan Daddy
Published: December 2021

In order to support the verification and validation of computational methods and codes for the safety assessment of pebble bed High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (HTGRs), the calculation of first criticality and full power initial core of the high-temperature pebble bed reactor 10 MWt (HTR-10) has been defined as one of the problems specified for both code-to-code and code-to-experiment benchmarking with a focus on neutronics. HTR-10 Experimental facility serves as the source of information for the currently designed high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor. It is also desired to verify the existing codes against the data obtained in the facility. In HTR-10, the core is filled with thousands of graphite and fuel pebbles. Fuel pebbles in the reactor consist of TRISO particles, which are embedded in the graphite matrix stochastically. The reactor core is also stochastically filled with pebbles. These two stochastic geometries comprise the so-called double heterogeneity of this type of reactor. In this paper, the first criticality and the power distribution in full power initial core calculations of HTR-10 are used to demonstrate treatment of this double heterogeneity using TORT-TD and Serpent for cross-section generation. HTR-10 has unique characteristics in terms of the randomness in geometry, as in all pebble bed reactors. In this technique, the core structure is modeled by TORT-TD, and Serpent is used to provide the cross-section in a double heterogeneity approach. Results obtained by TORT-TD calculations are compared with available data. It is observed that TORT-TD calculation yield sufficiently accurate results in terms of initial criticality and power distribution in full power initial core of the HTR-10 reactor.
Genetic diversity and species identity of the critically endangered Rote Island snake-necked turtle, Chelodina mccordi Rhodin, 1994
Authors: Devi N A , Eprilurahman R , Yudha D S , Raharjo S , As-Singkily M , Gunalen D , Arida E
Published: December 2021

The endemicChelodina mccordiis considered extinct in the wild; however, ex-situ populations are thriving and sampled for our genetic diversity assessment. We used three sequences resulting from blood and tissue samples of five individual turtles amplified for 650-bp cytochrome oxidase I (COI) fragment of the mitochondrial DNA. We analysed a total of 30 barcoding DNA sequences for phylogenetic relationships and genetic distances amongChelodina spp. Nucleotide diversity of eightC. mccordisamples is 0.007 ± 0.001 with a haplotype diversity of 0.893 ± 0.086. All these samples form a monophyletic clade that is sister to a clade of Australian and New Guinean long-necked turtles. Genetic distances calculated using Kimura 2-paramater model amongC. mccordisequences range between 0.2% and 1.5%, while a few others are without distance. The shortest genetic distance is between individuals from Rote Island, whereas the longest distance was found between individuals, each of which was derived from parental stocks originating in Rote and Timor islands. A genetic distance of 1.1% - 1.5% is likely to denote distinction at subspecies level. Results of this study could help in reintroducing captive individuals into their natural habitats. Thus, captive breeding programme of this species may help its conservation.
Mosses diversity from Simeulue Island, Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Windadri F I , Rosalina D , Keim A P
Published: December 2021

Simeulue is an oceanic islands located in the western coast of Sumatera, just offshore of the southwestern coast of Aceh Province, Indonesia. The diversity of mosses in the island was unknown. Unfortunately, the island was largely devastated by the 2004 tsunami, which also affected the flora of the island, including the moss flora. In order to conserve the present day mosses flora, the current study is conducted covering several types of habitats. 83 samples of mosses from 41 species have been collected and identified. Three species are apparently new records to both Simeulue and Sumatera; Hyophila javanica (Nees) Brid., Taxithelium kerianum (Broth.) M. Fleisch., and Taxithelium ramicola Broth. Neckeropsis gracilenta (Sande Lac.) M. Fleisch. is the dominant species.
Germination biology of the exotic ice cream bean (Inga edulis Mart.) seed from Bedugul, Bali
Authors: Kuswantoro F , Li’aini A S
Published: December 2021

Inga edulisis an exotic edible Fabaceae species locally known asbuah es krimin Bedugul, Bali. The plant species is a favourite fruit for consumption and trading due to the sweet sarcostesta. WildI. edulisare abundantly grown in Bedugul. The current study aim is to describesI. edulisgermination biology. This study will provide data forI. edulisfuture research both in its domestication and invasion prevention.I. edulisseeds are collected two times from wild plants growing within Bali Botanic Garden. A total of twenty-oneI. edulisseeds are germinated in a clear closed plastic container with agar media at Bali Botanic Garden Seed Bank Laboratory. The germination process was observed daily until the seventh day after sowing (DAS) while number of seedlings was calculated in the last observation day. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis was conducted to describeI. edulisseed germination biology. This study result shows thatI. edulisseeds produce high germination percentage rapidly.I. edulisseeds exhibited hypogeal germination and phanerocotylar hypogeal with reserve storage seedling functional type. Polyembryony was also present with a single seed can produce up to four seedlings.
Time budget of daily activity of silvery lutung (Trachypithecus cristatus) in coastal forest habitat at Gunung Padang, West Sumatra
Authors: Akbar M A , Perwitasari-Farajallah D , Rizaldi  , Mardiastuti A , Tsuji Y
Published: December 2021

Primate’s time budgets are the important aspect to investigate their ecological influences in their habitat. This study collected data on daily activities in a group of silvery lutung (Trachypithecus cristatus) in coastal forest habitat at Gunung Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia from August 2018 – July 2019, using instantaneous scan sampling method with 10-min intervals. This study analyzed the activity of wild silvery lutungs in study site, with emphasis on the age-sex differences and montly changes in their activity budget. This group spent most of time resting in their daily activity (average 47.50% of the total daytime resting), then followed by moving, feeding, grooming and other activities (conflict, nursing, urinating-defecating, playing, etc.). Resting peaked simultaneously in the morning and peaked back in the afternoon while moving and feeding decreased in this period. Their time budgets showed significant monthly variation: they spent a higher value of time feeding from September - Oktober 2018. They also differed among different sex-age classes: nursing females spent more time for actively moving, whereas adult male and single females devoted more time to resting, feeding, and grooming. These differences in their time budgets may reflect fundamental differences in reproductive biology, parental investment and development among the different age-sex classes.
Effectiveness of K2siO3on growth and physio-biochemical changes of banana seedlings grown under tropical climate as influenced by application frequency
Authors: Aiman Takrim M Z , Zaharah S S , Ismail M R , Kasim S , Ahmad K
Published: December 2021

Slow growth rate of tissue-cultured banana seedling’s performance and high post-transplanting mortality rate are commonly due to low rate mineral content in the soil, climate change and soil-borne disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) on growth, physio-biochemical changes on Berangan banana seedlings grown under tropical climate conditions. The experiment was conducted under a rain shelter and all treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block (RCBD) design. The plants were soil drenched with K2SiO3at constant 0.0901 M by 25 mL/plant after two weeks of transplanting with different frequencies application: 0-day interval (DI) served as control, 7 DI (12×), 15 DI (6×) and 30 DI (3×) throughout three months experimental period. Results showed that K2SiO3(13% SiO2, 20% K2O) applied on healthy banana seedlings at 15 days interval significantly improved morphological growth trait (plant height, pseudo-stem diameter size, total leaf area, root length, and dry matter biomass) and physiological traits characters, but reduced proline and MDA content in plant tissues of banana. Hence, the results confirmed that each banana seedlings that received K2SiO3at optimum frequency rate (15DI) had successfully enhanced the growth performance with better quality of Berangan banana seedlings at commercial-scale production.
The use of weeping fig Ficus benjamina by wildlife in campus area of Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: Mulyani Y A , Kusrini M D , Mardiastuti A , Oktaviani R , Kaban A
Published: December 2021

Figs are recognized as keystone species in sustaining wildlife. Many studies showed that Dramaga Campus (Bogor) provides suitable wildlife habitat but no information available on the use of figs by wildlife in the area. This study aimed at identifying wildlife species and examining the role of weeping fig (Ficus benjamina) in the campus area. A rapid pre-survey was conducted to list wildlife species using fig trees in July 2020; observation on sample trees was conducted (September-November 2020) to obtain data on the type, time, and location of wildlife activities. The results showed that fig trees were used by mammals (4 species), birds (26 species), reptiles (12 species), and amphibians (2 species; found nearby the sample trees). Mammals used fig trees primarily as part of locomotion (59%) and feeding (28%), birds mainly were perching (63%) and feeding (29%), and reptiles mainly were found resting (86%). Mammals were active during day and night; birds were most active in the morning. Lizards were found during the day, while snakes were mainly observed during nighttime. Birds and mammals used lower to top strata, while reptiles used lower strata and trunk. Weeping figs have essential roles as wildlife habitats in peri-urban areas.
Electrochemical profiles of bacteria isolated from crude oil on simple benzene compounds detection
Authors: Ghozali A A , Iswantini D , Kusmana C , Nurhidayat N
Published: December 2021

Five polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degrading bacterial species had been isolated from crude oil samples. All bacteria were positive Gram-stained, except one; and had positive results on the catalase test. After sequencing bacterial DNA, three bacterial genera were obtained with 99-100% certainty, namely: Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Bacillus sp. All bacteria were known strongly to form a biofilm, thus can be applied for biosensing and/or bioremediation techniques. Using minimal mineral media growth assay as media culture, all bacteria were able to degrade naphthalene and anthracene, Staphylococcus sp. shown the strong degradation affinity. Meanwhile, Bacillus sp. tended to form strong biofilm. Electrochemical data were obtained with the cyclic voltammetry method, with a scan rate of 100 mV/s. Voltammogram profiles of all bacteria against simple benzene compounds (benzene, toluene, and xylene; concentration for each compound 1μL/mL) showed irreversible oxidation peaks at 0.20-0.40 V ppm of the analyte, producing current 50-100 μA. The measurements were taken when the solution was more stable (±10 seconds) after vigorous shaking to homogenize benzene compounds and introducing O2 into the solution. The peaks were decreasing over the next cycles, indicating the lower bioavailability of benzene compounds to be degraded with O2.
Nutritional indices and feeding preference of the Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) in several Brassicaceae plants
Authors: Asmoro P P , Dadang  , Pudjianto  , Winasa I W
Published: December 2021

The quantity and quality of food consumed by insects affect their growth, development; likewise, the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), one of the important pests of Brassicaceae plants. The study aimed to determine feed preferences and the effect of four Brassicaceae, namely cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), caisin (B. rapa), broccoli (B. oleracea var. italica), and Rorippa indica, on the nutritional indices of P. xylostella larvae. The research methods consisted of insect rearing, nutrition indices test, preference test, and proximate analysis. The results showed that the highest preference was found in R. indica (47.81%), while the other three plant species were not significantly different. Cabbage treatment showed the highest efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) (8.56%), followed by R. indica, caisin, and broccoli. The same thing, cabbage treatment showed the highest efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) (13.02%), followed by caisin, R. indica, and broccoli. Broccoli had the highest approximate digestibility (AD) (89.38%), followed by R. indica, cabbage, and caisin. In general, the results of the nutritional indices showed that cabbage was the most suitable feed for P. xylostella larvae; in addition, with a high feeding preference, R. indica could potentially be used as a trap crop.
The effect of water content and carbon source addition on lipase production from Aspergillus aculeatus Ms.11 using spent coffee ground
Authors: Yuliyanti A , Manullang M C D , Ilmi M
Published: December 2021

Lipase is one of the industrially important enzymes, however, the production needs costly substrate. To overcome the problem, we developed an effective medium formulation to produce lipase from indigenous lipolytic mould Aspergillus aculeatus Ms.11 using spent coffee ground. We observed the effect of additional glucose and olive oil, and the influence of water content on lipase production. The experiments were done using the Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) method for 7 days. The results show that optimum lipase production on substrates with additional glucose and olive oil observed on day 4 with lipase activity of 16.296 U/mL and lipase productivity of 150.32 U/g/day. The optimum water content from the results is 50%. The highest lipase activity obtained using the water content is 291.80 U/mL, while the highest lipase productivity is 106.32 U/g/day. The results showed that water content as well as the addition of glucose and olive oil, affects lipase productivity of Aspergillus aculeatus Ms.11 on spent coffee ground. Further studies to optimise the production condition are suggested.
The effect of Etlingera elatior J. flower on the pulmo histology of white rat (Rattus novergicus L.) after cigarette smoke exposure
Authors: Hasri F , Manalu K , Tambunan E P S , Syukriah
Published: December 2021

Cigarette smoking is one of health issues that mainly harmed the lung due to its free radicals. Kecombrang (Etlingera elatiorJ.) is a medicinal plant known to have a high amount of antioxidant. This study aims to determine the effect of antioxidant inEtlingera elatiorJ. flower on the improvement of pulmonary histology of male white rats (Rattus novergicusL.) as the secondhand smoke (cigarette exposure). This research was conducted by experimental method with ethanol extract ofEtlingera elatiorJ. flower and pulmonary organ of white male rats as the test materials. There were 25 white male rats that divided into 5 groups (Positive Control, Negative Control, P1: 30 mg/Kg, P2:60 mg/Kg, and P3:90 mg/Kg). The results were statistically analyzed using One Way ANOVA test and Duncan’s test. The results showed a decreased amount of damage at P1, P2 and P3 groups. The statistical analysis showed thatEtlingera elatiorJ. flower extract had a significant effect (p <0.05) on the histological improvement in each group. Group P2 shows the lowest rate of damage that it can be concluded the most effective dose in repairing the damage to rat pulmonary histology due to exposure of cigarette smoke.
Decolourization of congo red synthetic dyes by dark septate endophytes
Authors: Melati I , Rahayu G , Surono  , Effendi H , Henny C
Published: December 2021

The use of fungi is known to be an eco-friendly and cost-competitive approach to degrade synthetic dyes such as Congo Red (CR) in industrial effluents. This research aimed to evaluate the potential of dark septate endophytes (DSE) fungi in decolourizing CR synthetic dyes. Two DSE strains, namely CPP and KSP, were studied to decolourize 50 mgL−1 CR based on the capability to produce the ligninolytic enzyme, dye decolourization efficiency, decolourization index, and fungal dry biomass weight after 7 and 14 days of incubation. CR decolourization was monitored spectrophotometry at 495 nm. The result indicated that CPP and KSP were successfully decolourized CR dye up to 97.00% and 85.00%, respectively, with decolourization index of 1.37 and 1.36 within 14 days. There is no significant difference in DSE growth with and without the addition of CR dye. In addition, these two DSE fungi (CPP and KSP) are able to produce ligninolytic enzymes. The results indicated that the DSE are potential to be used as decolourization agents for azo synthetic dyes. This is the first report on the ability of DSE to decolourize azo synthetic dyes.