bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fotosensibilidad visual: percepción y atención de estímulos sensoriales
Authors: Cano Celestino María Graciela
Published: February 2025

La fotosensibilidad visual es la susceptibilidad a los cambios rápidos de luz, generalmente parpadeantes, que condicionan a una parte de la población. Se han presentado efectos fisiológicos adversos derivados de esta afección, que ponen en evidencia la persistencia y la trascendencia de su estudio, sobre todo debido a las implicaciones del constante avance tecnológico. En este trabajo, se exponen las bases conceptuales del tema y las posibles causas asociadas a su manifestación. También se describe la naturaleza de los estímulos fotosensibles naturales y artificiales que, relacionados a la percepción y atención de lo que se aborda, estarían expuestos en los espacios comunes que nos rodean.
“ROSLAVETS AFFAIR” AND RELATIONS OF MOSCOW AND BATURIN (1676-1677)
Authors: Floria Boris
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the history of the internal political conflict in the Left Bank Hetmanate in 1676 and its impact on relations with Moscow. Starodub Colonel Pyotr Roslavets approached the Cossacks of his regiment with a proposal to leave the Hetmanate and join the Cossack regiments of Slobozhanshchina, subordinated to the power of G. G. Romodanovsky as the head of the Belgorod provincial government. The author presents features of the position of Hetman Ivan Samoilovich, focusing on the sequence of his actions and his rather harsh reactions towards the behavior of the central government. The supreme power, in its turn, sought to turn the conflict down in order to maintain good relations with the Hetman, ultimately satisfying all his wishes. In the context of the growing threat of a major war with the Ottoman Empire, Moscow was interested in a military-political cooperation with the Hetmanate in the mutual fight against the Ottomans. To maintain the success of this cooperation, it was useful to strengthen the power of the Hetman loyal to Moscow, who had just accomplished the capitulation of Petro Doroshenko.
THE “SPRYTGURMISTS AND HAISAKS”: THE SCOUT MOVEMENT IN BELARUSIAN GYMNASIUMS OF INTERWAR POLAND
Authors: Ananka Kiryl
Published: February 2025

The article reveals the activities of scouts in Belarusian gymnasiums that existed in the Eastern part of Poland during the interwar period. These institutions, where education was conducted in the Belarusian language, became centers of national and cultural development for Belarusians under the difficult conditions of the Polonization policy. The Polish state already had its own scouts - harzers. In order to distinguish themselves from the harzers, they invented self-names, such as sprytgurmists, and haisaks. The author points out that the first scout troop appeared at the Grodno Belarusian gymnasium, not in Nesvizh, as it was considered in the historiography. Belarusian scouts developed their activities in the Vilna, Radoshkovichi and Kletsk gymnasiums. Unfortunately, it is not known for certain whether such detachments or squads existed in the Novogrudok Belarusian gymnasium. Not only boys, but also girls were involved in the Belarusian scout movement. The author concludes that the movement has influenced the popularisation of the Belarusian national idea among young people, which counteracted the linguistic and cultural assimilation of the local population, facilitated the education of spiritual and moral values, and the development of physical abilities.
Little evidence that posttraumatic stress is associated with diurnal hormone dysregulation in Turkana pastoralists
Authors: Zefferman Matthew , Baumgarten Michael , Trumble Ben C. , Mathew Sarah
Published: February 2025

Research in industrialized populations suggests that post-traumatic stress disorder may be associated with decreased cortisol or testosterone sensitivity, resulting in a blunted diurnal rhythm. However, the evolutionary implications of this association are unclear. Studies have primarily been conducted in Western industrialized populations, so we do not know whether hormonal blunting is a reliable physiological response to PTSD or stems from factors unique to industrialized settings. Furthermore, existing studies combine PTSD from diverse types of traumas, and comparison groups with and without PTSD differ along multiple dimensions, making it hard to know if PTSD or other life factors drive the blunted cortisol response. We conducted a study among n = 60 male Turkana pastoralists, aged between about 18-65 years in Kenya, exposed to high levels of lethal inter-ethnic cattle raiding. 28% of men in this area have PTSD symptom severity that would qualify them for a provisional PTSD diagnosis. Saliva samples were collected at three points to compare the cortisol and testosterone profiles of Turkana warriors with and without PTSD. Contrary to existing work, our preregistered analysis found little evidence for a difference in the hormonal profiles of warriors with high versus low PTSD symptom severity. Our results imply that the relationship between PTSD and hormonal diurnal variation may vary across populations and ecologies or that the association documented in Western populations stems from other correlated life factors. Studies in a wider range of populations and ecological contexts are needed to understand the evolutionary underpinnings of hormonal responses to trauma
Probabilistic Ultimate Strength Analysis of Cracked Marine-grade Aluminum Stiffened Plate Using Non-Intrusive Chaotic Radial Basis Function
Authors: Asadi Fatemeh , Bahmyari Ehsan , Soares Carlos G.
Published: February 2025

While ultimate strength analysis methods exist for steel marine structures, there remains a critical gap in understanding the probabilistic behavior of cracked aluminum stiffened plates, particularly in high-speed craft where operational uncertainties compound material and damage variabilities. This gap is addressed through the development of a novel probabilistic framework for analyzing the ultimate strength of cracked aluminum stiffened plates in high-speed craft by integrating nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) with Non-Intrusive Chaotic Radial Basis Function (NICRBF). The framework systematically accounts for uncertainties in crack parameters (size, location, orientation) and material properties, while incorporating operational factors such as wave-induced loads and slamming effects. Through 10000 numerical simulations, it was demonstrated that crack length significantly influences ultimate strength variability (COV ranging from 0.268 to 0.353), while crack orientation affects mean ultimate stress between 253.92-295.73 MPa. For operational conditions, probability of failure increases markedly with vessel speed, reaching 0.994 at design velocity under 8m wave heights. The NICRBF approach provides an efficient computational framework while maintaining accuracy. These findings provide quantitative guidance for structural reliability assessment and safety-oriented design of high-speed aluminum vessels, particularly in determining operational limits based on wave height and speed combinations. The developed framework offers a practical tool for marine engineers to evaluate structural integrity under uncertain damage scenarios.
A systematic approach to study preferences for complexity at different levels of order
Authors: Van Geert Eline , Warny Astrid , Wagemans Johan
Published: February 2025

Which visual displays do we aesthetically appreciate, and why? Order and complexity have often been suggested as important factors related to appreciation, but the exact type and direction of their relation to appreciation is still under debate. To clarify the contributions of order and complexity to appreciation, it is important to manipulate order and complexity independently and in a parametrically controlled fashion, to study their relation to appreciation in combination rather than separately, and to acknowledge the multidimensional nature of order and complexity. In an online study, we investigated individuals’ aesthetic preferences (N = 367) for three different types of complexity (i.e., the number of colors, shapes, and sizes in the display) while also varying the order level of the display (i.e., the number of element position switches in the applied pattern). Firstly, results indicated that not all complexity types are appreciated similarly: Whereas color complexity was on average preferred, size and shape complexity influenced preferences negatively. Secondly, all three complexity types were more often preferred in highly ordered stimuli than in stimuli with a lower order level, indicating a stimulating effect of order on preferences for complexity. Thirdly, we found both individual and contextual variation in preferences for complexity: Especially the extent to which color complexity is preferred varied across individuals and the specific set of colors used in the display.
Understanding and Cultivating Effective Listening: A Dialectical Theory of the Tensions between Intuition and Intentional Behavior
Authors: Moin Tia , Itzchakov Guy , Weinstein Netta
Published: February 2025

High-quality listening is a multifaceted social behaviour, and theories and research concerning it are mixed in terms of listening definitions and recommendations. The current study canvassed lay practitioners’ understanding of optimal listening qualities and training, drawing on a wide range of listening training materials (N = 207) sourced from the World-Wide-Web. Thematic analysis results were critically examined to systematically position praxis against our current understanding of listening theories. Findings are presented as a “dialectical listening theory” which posits that at its core, listeners’ behaviours often exist in direct tension with their mindset or intuition. Furthermore, we posit that this tension is amplified when individuals are faced with conversations that conflict with their perspectives or values. Finally, we argue that listeners may need to oscillate between dual-process states of unconscious (intuitive) and conscious (intentional) listening. We conclude that high-quality listening involves direct recognition and strategic management of tensions throughout the listening process. Keywords: Listening, Listening Training, Thematic Analysis, Dual-processing
The longitudinal network of peer problems and emotional symptoms among Australian adolescents: Bayesian structure learning of directed acyclic graphs
Authors: Santiago Pedro Henrique Ribeiro , Smithers Lisa Gaye , Townsend Michelle , Quintero Adrian , Sawyer Alyssa , Soares Gustavo Hermes , McCormick Kym Michelle , Procter Alexandra , Jamieson Lisa
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Adolescence is a period in which peer problems and emotional symptoms markedly increase in prevalence. However, the causal mechanisms regarding how peer problems cause emotional symptoms at a behavioural level and vice-versa remain unknown. To address this gap, the current study investigated the longitudinal network of peer problems and emotional symptoms among Australian adolescents aged 12 to 14 years. Methods: Data was from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). The complete case samples included adolescents who participated in the LSAC B (n=2,694) or K (n=3,144) Cohorts at two study follow-ups (ages 12 and 14). Peer problems and emotional symptoms were measured with the self-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The analytical steps were: (1) in Study 1, a causal discovery algorithm, Bayesian structure learning of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs), was used to identify the longitudinal network in the K Cohort; (2) the DAG discovered was evaluated with Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling (BSEM) in an independent sample (the B Cohort) and compared against a DAG established through expert knowledge; and (3) in Study 2, the longitudinal network was again evaluated but considered contemporaneous effects. Results: The empirically discovered DAG provided a better explanation of independent data than the expert DAG. Based on the discovered DAG, several plausible causal effects were identified such as that being bullied at age 12 negatively affected popularity at age 14. Conclusion: This study provides new insights into potential causal effects established between peer problems and emotional symptoms among Australian adolescents aged 12 to 14 years.
Modeling the Link between the Plausibility of Statements and the Truth Effect
Authors: Aktepe Semih Can , Heck Daniel W.
Published: February 2025

People judge repeated statements as more true than new ones. This repetition-based truth effect is a robust phenomenon when statements are ambiguous. However, previous studies provided conflicting evidence on whether repetition similarly affects truth judgments for plausible and implausible statements. Given the lack of a formal theory explaining the interaction between repetition and plausibility on the truth effect, it is important to develop a model specifying the assumptions regarding this phenomenon. In this study, we propose a Bayesian model that formalizes the simulation-based model by Fazio, Rand, and Pennycook (2019; Psychonomic Bulletin & Review). The model specifies how repetition and plausibility jointly influence the truth effect in light of nonlinear transformations of binary truth judgments. We test our model in a reanalysis of experimental data from two previous studies by computing Bayes factors for four competing model variants. Our findings indicate that, while the truth effect is usually larger for ambiguous than for highly implausible or plausible statements on the probability scale, it can simultaneously be constant for all statements on the probit scale. Hence, the interaction between repetition and plausibility may be explained by a constant additive effect of repetition on a latent probit scale.
First Sounds, Second Language: How Word Onsets Spark Language Co-activation in 3-Year-Old Bilinguals.
Authors: Avila-Varela Daniela Susana , Sebastian-Galles Nuria
Published: February 2025

Adult and young bilinguals co-activate their languages in different degrees, even in entirely monolingual tasks. However, many studies use translation pairs with high phonological overlap (e.g., the English-GERMAN: 'milk'-'MILCH') making it difficult to discern the origin of the co-activation. This study examined language co-activation in Catalan-Spanish bilingual toddlers using words with minimal phonological overlap across translations. Three-year-olds participated in a visual word paradigm, searching for an absent target (e.g., 'apple' in Catalan: 'poma', Spanish: 'MANZANA') among images with labels that shared the initial phoneme across languages or were unrelated. The design included three types of images: (a) Catalan-to-Spanish phonologically related images (e.g., Spanish 'PATO' for 'duck'), (b) Spanish-to-Catalan phonologically related (e.g., Catalan 'mitjó' for 'sock'), and (c) unrelated items (e.g., 'brush', 'sandwich'). If bilingual toddlers co-activate languages, they should look more at related than unrelated images due to shared phonological onsets. The results supported the hypotheses and provided solid evidence that young bilinguals co-activate phonologically related words in their familiar languages.
Inference Generation in Older Adults: Comparing Pictorial and Textual Comprehension in the Context of Cognitive Decline
Authors: Varkentin Ekaterina , Brich Irina R , Sünkel Ulrike , von Thaler Anna-Katharina , Eschweiler Gerhard , Huff Markus
Published: February 2025

Narrative comprehension, a cognitive skill essential for social participation, relies on a range of abilities, including memory and inference-making. While aging-related cognitive changes are well-documented, research on narrative comprehension in aging populations yields mixed findings, underscoring the importance of this study. This preregistered study examines how age, education, and presentation format (i.e., the narrative’s codality: pictorial vs. textual) influence inference generation in older adults (N = 143, aged 62–86 years). Participants were presented with pictorial and textual stories consisting of three panels, with the second panel replaced with a blank panel. Their task was to comprehend the stories and determine whether the inferences provided for the missing event were correct or incorrect. Results reveal that pictorial narratives were better comprehended than textual ones; however, this advantage attenuates with increasing age. Contrary to expectations, narrative comprehension was largely resilient to age-related declines, as neither age nor education significantly impaired performance. Exploratory analyses tested the influence of protective (e.g., physical and mental activity, companionship) and risk factors (e.g., depression, anxiety, chronic pain, stress, and poor sleep) but found no significant impact on comprehension. Notably, narrative comprehension correlated with memory performance but not with other cognitive abilities, underscoring its specificity within the broader cognitive domain. These findings highlight the stability of narrative comprehension across media and aging, while also suggesting a narrowing pictorial advantage with age. Implications for existing cognitive theories and future research directions are discussed.
Imaging Markers of Neuroinflammation in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia: A Narrative Review
Authors: Chaudhary Shefali , Chao Herta H. , Gupta Sanjay , Li Chiang-Shan R.
Published: February 2025

Neuroinflammation represents a crucial pathophysiological process of cognitive decline during aging and may play an important role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD). Many magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have investigated the extent and consequences of neuroinflammation in the elderly and in people at various stages of ADRD. These imaging tools allow quantification of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, white and gray matter injuries, and functional loss of the brain. Here, we reviewed this literature and provided a summary of the pros and cons of these various imaging protocols. With a focus on neuroinflammation, studies that characterized structural and functional brain changes but did not relate the findings to neuroinflammation were outside the scope of this review. However, we provided a brief survey on studies combining multiple imaging modalities for readers to have a broader view on neuroinflammation, aging, and ADRD. We first introduced the techniques of MRI to study BBB dysfunction, neuroinflammation, gray and white matter deficits, and functional brain changes. In the second section, we focused on the studies of neuroinflammation during aging. Finally, we described the imaging studies of ADRD in the context of neuroinflammation. Collectively, studies indicate that aging and AD are marked by progressive BBB dysfunction linked to cognitive decline, whereas neural markers derived of diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic transfer imaging, MR spectroscopy, structural imaging, and functional connectivity provide insights into neuroinflammatory processes. This literature supports MRI’s potential as a non-invasive tool for monitoring neuroinflammation and disease onset and progression.
Is the Short Dark Tetrad really a tetrad? It depends on how you define everyday sadism
Authors: Kay Cameron Stuart , Castillo Andrew J , Condon David M
Published: February 2025

The present study evaluates the factor structure of the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4), a measureassessing Machiavellianism, grandiose narcissism, psychopathy, and everyday sadism. Using alarge-scale, cross-sectional dataset, we compared nine models to determine the optimal factorrepresentation of the SD4. We found a bifactor model provided the best fit, with separate specificfactors for Machiavellianism/psychopathy, grandiose narcissism, and everyday sadism in additionto a global latent factor. This finding suggests that the four subscales are united by a commoncore. Moreover, it indicates the unique aspects of Machiavellianism and psychopathy representopposite ends of the same dimension and the sadism subscale is empirically distinct from thepsychopathy subscale. However, the differentiation between the sadism and psychopathysubscales appears to primarily be a consequence of the sadism subscale being defined almostentirely by vicarious sadism. Taken together, these findings contribute to our understanding ofantagonistic personality traits, while also pointing to the need for further refinement in themeasurement of everyday sadism within the SD4.
Traffic Rule Awareness Among Bachelor-Level Two-Wheeler Riders in Kathmandu
Authors: Devkota Isha , Chaulagain Indira Kumari
Published: February 2025

Traffic rules are planned to expedite the flow of traffic and prevent collisions among traffic. These road rules are important as they help in preventing crashes. Most traffic rules are for everyone’s safety. But still, road traffic injuries and accidents remain an important public health problem at global and national levels. The objective of this study was to find out the awareness level of traffic rules among bachelor-level two-wheeler rider students. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in which 400 two-wheeler riders were selected among bachelor-level students from colleges of ward number seven of Kathmandu Metropolitan City. A self-administered pre-tested and reverse-translated questionnaire was used. Data were entered and analysed in the IBM SPSS 20.0 version. There were 78.2% male and 21.8% female riders of two-wheelers. Of the participants, 85.8% were more than 23 years of age, and the rest 14.2% were less. The study found that 51.5% of participants exhibited adequate awareness of traffic rules while 48.5% exhibited inadequate awareness. There was a significant association between the level of awareness of traffic rules with years of bachelor’s education, past experience of accidents, and the presence of a license. This study revealed the existence of inadequate knowledge of traffic rules among bachelor-level two-wheeler rider students. This suggests a need to design and implement a regular road safety campaign for these two-wheeler riders.
Challenges of Educational Management Information System: A Review
Authors: Adhikari Narayan Prasad , Budhathoki Jhupa Kumari
Published: February 2025

This review aims to identify and analyze the challenges faced by educational institutions in implementing and utilizing educational management information system. The study is related to content analysis of relevant documents. Secondary data is used in this study. The EMIS is a system that uses new computer technology to make all the functions work together to give education leaders, decision makers, planners, and managers comprehensive, integrated, relevant,  clear  and timely data so they can carry out their duties effectively and meet the goals. By giving those needed the right information at the right time to make the best decisions, plan, and monitor in the organization's best interest. According to the study's findings, there are challenges such as disparities in knowledge and skill between those performing various system functions, a weak organizational structure and legal framework, and a lack of hardware, software, internet connectivity, and electrical power, particularly in the most remote and school-level locations in the area. It is found that despite the system's poor data quality, it can be regarded as effective because it provides the information and education data that many stakeholders demand. Officials at various levels are encouraged to prioritize and manage existing problems effectively, as most difficulties can be resolved with proper attention. Additionally, further research is recommended to develop appropriate solutions and strengthen the overall system.
जनकपुर र जनकपुर कविताको वर्गीय अध्ययन
Authors: दास केवरत Das Kewarat चतुर्भुजलाल Chaturbhujlal
Published: February 2025

प्रस्तुत लेखमा रोशन जनकपुरीद्वारा रचित ‘जनकपुर र जनकपुर’ कवितालाई वर्गीय दृष्टिकोणबाट विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । कविता साहित्यको पुरानो र विशिष्ट विधा हो । यसअन्तर्गत सामाजिक विषयवस्तुको प्रतिबिम्बन भएको हुन्छ । सामाजिक संरचनामा आर्थिक दृष्टिकोणबाट अभिजात वर्ग र निम्न वर्गहरू रहन्छन् । प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानमूलक लेखमा ‘जनकपुर र जनकपुर’ कवितामा वर्गीय सन्दर्भहरू कसरी प्रतिबिम्बित भएका छन् भन्ने कुरालाई   कार्लमाक्र्सको वर्गविश्लेषणको दृष्टिकोणबाट  निरूपण गर्ने प्रयत्न गरिएको छ । यसका साथै गुणात्मक ढाँचामा संरचित प्रस्तुत लेखमा प्राथमिक र द्वितीयक स्रोतबाट सामग्री सङ्कलन गरेर पाठ विश्लेषण विधिका आधारमा व्याख्या गरी निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।  वर्गीय संरचना भएको समाजमा अभिजात वर्ग र सर्वहारा वर्ग विद्यमान हुन्छ । नेपालको सन्दर्भमा सर्वहारा वर्गभन्दा पनि निम्न वर्ग भन्नु उपयुक्त हुन्छ । अभिजात वर्ग आर्थिक रूपले सम्पन्न हुनुका साथसाथै उत्पादनका साधनस्रोतमाथि यही वर्गको नियन्त्रण कायम रहेको हुन्छ । अभिजात वर्गअन्तर्गत समाजका भूमिपति, उद्योगपति, उच्च पदस्थ कर्मचारी, प्रबन्धक, पुँजीपति वर्गको निकट रहेर उसकै हकहितमा काम गर्ने कर्मचारी आदि पर्दछन् । समाजको आधार पक्ष मानिने आर्थिक पक्षमा वर्चस्वशाली अभिजात वर्गकै हालीमुहाली हुन्छ र यही आधारले सामाजिक संरचनाका अधिरचनाहरू जस्तै सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक र राजनीतिक सबै पक्षलाई प्रभावित पार्छ भन्ने माक्र्सवादी चिन्तकहरूको ठहर रहेको छ ।   सोही समाजमा दैनिक ज्यालादारी, मजदुरी, निम्न वेतनमा काम गर्ने साना ओहोदाका कर्मचारी भने निम्न वर्गमा पर्दछ । आर्थिक हिसाबले कमजोर श्रमजीवी वर्ग अभिजात वर्गको अधीनस्थ हुन्छ । ‘जनकपुर र जनकपुर’ कवितामा सामाजिक संरचनामा आर्थिक असमानताले निम्त्याएको वर्गीय विभेद र सर्वहारा वर्गका निकृष्ट जीवनशैलीको यथोचित चित्रण गरिएको छ । सांस्कृतिक नगरी जनकपुरको वर्गीय विभेद र त्यसले जन्माएको शोषण तथा उत्पीडनको प्रस्तुति नै कविको अभीष्ट देखिन्छ । ‘जनकपुर र जनकपुर’ कवितामा जनकपुरमा निम्न वर्गीय कथित दलित भएर छुवाछुतको अमानवीय र पीडादायी जीवन भोग्दै आएका डुम र हलखोर समुदायका अपमानजनक व्यवहारको यथार्थ चित्रण गरिएको छ । तिनका अस्पृश्य व्यवहार वर्गीय अवस्थासँग जोडिएको स्पष्ट छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमा छनोट गरिएको कवितालाई प्राज्ञिक विमर्श गर्ने उद्देश्य रहेको छ ।
शिरीषको फूल उपन्यासका पात्रको शैलीवैज्ञानिक अध्ययन
Authors: सोडारी Sodaree सुजन Sujan
Published: February 2025

प्रस्तुत लेख सुप्रसिद्ध आख्यानकार पारिजातद्वारा लिखित ‘शिरीषको पूmल’ उपन्यास शैलीवैज्ञानिकको आधारमा विश्लेषण गर्नु रहेको छ । यस लेखमा पात्र वर्गीकरणका शैलीवैज्ञानिक आधारहरूलाई केलाउने प्रयास गरिएको छ । यस उपन्यासमा प्रयोग भएका प्रमुख र सहायक पात्रहरूको शैलीवैज्ञानिक विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेख गुणात्मक अनुसान्धान विधिमा आधारित रहेको छ । यस लेखमा आवश्यक सामग्रीहरू पुस्ताकालयीय कार्यको माध्यमबाट सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । यस उपन्यासमा सुयोगवीर प्रमुख पुरुष पात्र, प्रतिकूल पात्र, गतिशील पात्र, व्यक्तिगत पात्र, मञ्चीय पात्र र बद्ध पात्र पात्रको भूमिकामा रहेको पाइन्छ । सकमबरी प्रमुख स्त्री पात्र, अनुकूल पात्र, गतिशील पात्र, व्यक्तिगत पात्र, मञ्चीय पात्र र बद्ध पात्रको रूपमा रहेको छ । शिवराम सहायक पुरुष पात्र, अनुकूल पात्र, स्थिर पात्र, व्यक्तिगत पात्र, मञ्चीय पात्र र बद्ध पात्रको भूमिकामा रहेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखबाट पात्रको शैलीवैज्ञानिक विश्लेषण सम्बद्ध सरोकारवाला सबैलाई अपेक्षित सहयोग पुग्ने विश्वास लिइएको छ ।
Prevalence of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Patients Visiting Kathmandu Medical College
Authors: Sharma Manisha , Jha Beena , Neupane Sushmita , Bhatt Chandra Prakash
Published: February 2025

Background: Urinary tract infections are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide, with Klebsiella pneumoniae being the leading cause. This study was done to ascertain the prevalence of Multi drug resistance, Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase and carbapenemase production among urinary Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in a Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal from March-September, 2024 after obtaining ethical clearance. Total 89 urinary Klebsiella pneumoniaeisolates were studied. Urine culture, isolation and identification of the isolates was done using standard microbiology techniques.   Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Extended spectrum Beta lactamase producers were screened using ceftazidime and confirmed by ceftazidime (30μg) and ceftazidime plus clavulanic acid (30/10μg) disc. Carbapenemase producers were detected using modified carbapenem inactivation method. The data obtained were computed and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 20.0 Version.
Results: Total 89(11.93%) Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from 743 urine sample. Among the isolates, 50 (56.17%) were multidrug resistant. Extended spectrum Beta lactamase detection by phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test identified 34 (38.20%) extended spectrum Beta lactamase producers. 21 (23.59%) were Meropenem resistant by Disc diffusion method while Carbapenemase production was confirmed in 6 (6.74%) isolates by Modified Carbapenem Inactivation method.
Conclusion: The present study concluded that multidrug resistance and Extended spectrum Beta lactamase production among uropathogenicKlebsiella pneumoniae is prevalent in our setting. The isolates producing carbapenemase were fewer but raises significant concern.
Diagnostic Utility of Crush Cytology in the Diagnosis of Large-Intestine Lesions: A Cyto-Histological Correlation Study
Authors: Choudhary Prabesh Kumar , Baral Reetu , Nepal Niraj , Bhandari Rashmita , Shrestha Oshan , Choudhary Sarita , Pandit Narendra
Published: February 2025

Background: Colonoscopy is a day to day procedure carried out in hospitals for lower gastrointestinal tract lesions. Lower gastrointestinal tract lesions can vary from mild inflammation to infection to malignant neoplasms. Histopathology of colonoscoy biopsy is considered as gold standard but it is a lengthy process taking multiple days to even weeks. Crush cytology is rapid and handy procedure which can be a good adjunct to histopathology. This study highlights the diagnostic role of crush cytology in colon lesions in correlation to histopathology.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital,Biratnagar from August 2021 to September 2022 in the Department of Pathology and Gastroenterology among 62 colonoscopic biopsies. Crush cytology smears were prepared and stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa and ultrapap. Histomorphological slides were prepared and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. Both the slides were assessed by 3 pathologists and results were recorded.
Results: This study was done among 62 cases in which the age range was 36-78 years with male to female ratio of 3.1:1. On histopathology, benign lesions were 67% and malignant were 32. On crush cytology, benign pathology was seen in 42 cases, positive for malignancy in 17 and suspicious for malignancy in 3 cases. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall accuracy of crush cytology when compared to the histopathology were found to be 90%, 95% , 90%, 95% and 93% respectively.
Conclusion: Crush cytology has high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value and is highly comparable to the histopathology reports.
Functional Outcome of Metacarpal Fractures Managed by Internal Fixation with Miniplate and Screws: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Thapa Santosh , Singh Dhiraj , Shrestha Oshan , Rajthala Ashish , Jha Ranjib Kumar
Published: February 2025

Background: Metacarpal fractures account for up to 40% of all hand fractures. This is commonly encountered among the general population, labour workers, and sportsmen. The appropriateness of the intervention in such cases becomes very important for treatment, rehabilitation, and an early return to work. The objective of this single-centre prospective study is to assess the outcomes of mini-plates and screws in the management of metacarpal shaft fractures.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted among patients with metacarpal fractures. Ethical clearance was obtained before the commencement. This study included the patients that presented to the institution and got operated on from May 19, 2023, to May18, 2024. The primary outcomes of this study were range of motion and quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (quick DASH) score. The data was analysed using the SPSS 20 software.
Results: A total of 22 patients met the inclusion criteria, out of which 14 were males and eight were females. The mean age of patients was 30.22 ± 8.93 years, and the most commonly affected digit was the middle finger (31.8%), commonly affected hand was the right hand (63.6%), and the most common mechanism of injury was fall (45.5%). Range of motion and quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (quick DASH) score improved significantly at six months when compared to those at three months.
Conclusion: Mini-plate and screws are effective methods of managing metacarpal fractures. It can be employed for good functional outcomes and fewer complications.
A Study to Assess Preparedness of Dental Clinics for Medical Emergencies in Nepal
Authors: Mehta Pawan , Singh Amit Kumar , Yadav Anil Kumar
Published: February 2025

Background: A medical emergency is an unwanted, unexpected reaction or complication. Effective management of an emergency situation in the dental office is ultimately the dentist responsibility.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was carried out. Data were collected using a pre‑tested structured close‑ended self‑administered questionnaire. 465 general and/or specialist dental practitioner were selected from the registered member of Nepal Dental Association. Data entry and descriptive statistics analysis was done using Statistical package for social science version 26.
Results: The results of the study show that the preparedness of dental clinics for medical emergencies was unsatisfactory. Only 47.1% of clinics have emergency kit and 33.8% have oxygen cylinder.
Conclusion: The study shows that the dental clinics preparedness for medical emergency was not satisfactory and nearly half of the participants have knowledge on managing medical emergency at dental clinics.
Using H5P Objects in Online Courses
Authors: Guan Jianfei
Published: February 2025

This book explains the uses of H5P and shows examples as well the resources on how to create free H5P objects for teachers, instructors, course designers, and trainers.
Utilizing Wearable Biosensor Technology for Monitoring Sleep Duration Patterns in Pregnancy – a Pilot Study
Authors: Leeners Brigitte
Published: February 2025

Background: Sleep disturbances in pregnancy are associated with adverse outcomes. Sleep monitoring in traditional laboratory settings is inconvenient and may disrupt natural sleep patterns. Modern sensor technology wearables offer a more user-friendly alternative, enabling realistic data collection through continuous measurements in the home environment.

Aim: To evaluate the use of sensors in prenatal care, we measured sleep duration throughout a physiologic pregnancy.

Materials and Methods: A prospective longitudinal cohort study involving 23 healthy pregnant women using sensor wrist devices to document sleep patterns during pregnancy. Data on stress (Perceived Stress Scale. PSS 10) and eight factors of well-being/emotions (anxious, stressed, tired, sensitive, unmotivated, calm, energized, and happy) were collected to evaluate potential associations with sleep. In addition to descriptive statistics with frequencies, proportions, and means ± SD, associations between sleep and emotions were evaluated using linear mixed models after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.

Results: Average duration of sleep ranged between 8.42 ± 0.91 hours (gestational week 12) and 4.65 ± 1.1 hours (gestational week 40), i.e. sleep duration decreased as the pregnancy progressed. Tiredness and stress levels were high in the first trimester (scores 3.4 and 2.8), declined during the second trimester (scores 2.74 and 2.21) and increased again as the third trimester (scores 2.92 and 2.36) approached. The use of sensor wearables was well-received, allowing for high-frequency, longitudinal monitoring of sleep throughout the entire pregnancy.

Conclusion: As lack of sleep can result in adverse pregnancy outcomes, wearables equipped with sensor technology prove highly beneficial in monitoring sleep to identify risk factors early in pregnancy.
The relationship between physical activity, women's overall health, and well-being
Authors: ORAL Onur
Published: February 2025

Background:

This review article review suggests that there are many positive effects of physical activity and exercise on women's overall health. It is widely acknowledged that regular exercise can have a beneficial impact on a number of areas, including cardiovascular health, weight management, bone health, mental well-being, cancer risk and longevity.

Materials and Methods:

In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the topic, a literature search was conducted using various databases and keywords related to physical activity, longevity, women's health, quality of life, healthy aging, and obesity. The search was limited to peer-reviewed articles published in English between 1994 and 2024. Animal model studies were excluded to focus on human research. The criteria for inclusion in this review were that the studies examined the association between weight control management and overall healthy aging, were published in a peer-reviewed journal, and were written in English. After careful consideration, a total of 38 studies were selected for inclusion.

Results:

Regular exercise is of great importance for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity, as well as for the management of numerous chronic diseases that have become prevalent in recent times. Furthermore, it plays a pivotal role in maintaining regular metabolic processes. Integrating regular physical activity into one's daily life, in conjunction with a natural and balanced diet, can facilitate the maintenance of a healthy lifestyle and the maintenance and improvement of overall health. It would therefore be beneficial for women of all ages to consider integrating physical activity into their daily routines to facilitate the enjoyment of these advantages and contribute to the development of a healthier lifestyle.

Conclusion:

The scientific evidence is compelling in supporting the promotion of regular physical activity as a fundamental aspect of women's health. It is imperative that healthcare providers and policymakers prioritize initiatives that encourage and facilitate physical activity among women of all ages. By doing so, we can move toward a future where a greater proportion of women can enjoy the numerous health benefits of an active lifestyle, which will lead to improved quality of life and increased longevity.
Next-generation health problems and metabolic disorders solving method
Authors: Stephen Pramod
Published: February 2025

Metabolic disorders are biochemical and physiological abnormalities. It occurs when the breakdown of food into its components becomes disrupted. All the chemical processes continuously go inside the body allowing life and normal functioning. There are two categories of metabolism: catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism is the breakdown of organic matter, and anabolism uses energy to construct components of cells, such as proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids.
Factors Affecting Glycemic Control Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College. 2024
Authors: Kenea Madessa Kidist
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The report aims to examine the effects of serum creatinine (SCT) on heart, diabetes, anaemia and normal study units, and along with the other biological factors. The study is based on the relationship of serum creatinine with heart, diabetes, anaemia patients and many other factors.

Materials & Methods: A real data set of 299 heart patients with 13 study characters is taken in the current study, the data set is available herein: https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Heart+failure+clinical+records, and the serum creatinine probabilistic model has been developed applying statistical joint generalized linear models.

Results: From the fitted Log-normal model, the mean serum creatinine (SCT) is positively associated with age (P<0.0001). It is partially negatively associated with ejection fraction (EFT) (P=0.0974) and partially positively associated with the joint interaction effects (JIEs) of EFT and the death-event (DEE), i.e., EFT*DEE (P=0.1168). It is negatively associated with creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) (P<0.0001) and serum sodium (SNa) (P<0.0001), while it is positively associated with their JIEs, i.e., CPK*SNa (P<0.0001). It is negatively associated with high blood pressure (BP) (P=0.0030). It is partially negatively associated with the JIEs of anaemia status (ANS) and time up to the end of the follow-up period (TFP) i.e., ANS*TFP (P=0.1299), while it is independent of both the ANS and TFP. It is negatively associated with the smoking status (SMS) (P=0.0007), and positively associated with the JIEs of SMS and TFP, i.e., SMS*TFP (P=0.0016). Variance of SCT is negative associated with age (P=0.0543) and ANS (P=0.0044), while it is positively associated with their JIEs, i.e., AGE*ANS (P=0.0070). SCT variance is negatively associated with CPK (P=0.0001), while it is partially positively associated with the JIEs of CPK and ANS i.e., CPK*ANS (P=0.1482). Variance of SCT is negatively associated with diabetes mellitus status (DMS) (P=0.0199), while it is positively associated with the JIEs of CPK and DMS i.e., CPK*DMS (P=0.0086). There are many more significant effects in the SCT variance model.

Conclusions: From this data set, it is clear that mean and variance of serum creatinine is associated with the heart, diabetes and anaemia patients. It affects age, EFT, CPK, SNa, PLC, BP, ANS, DMS, SMS, SEX, TFP, DEE and their many joint interaction effects.
Upper Gastrointestinal Disease Symptoms and Endoscopic Findings – A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Mahapatra Poulomi
Published: February 2025

This will improve the early detection and treatment of upper digestive tract diseases and improve the quality of care provided. The development of similar research in different geographic regions with different methodological approaches will enable full comprehension of the topic. Limitations, such as obtaining study sample from a single centre and lack of follow-up of the study's participants were noted. Our evaluation relied on self-reporting. Finally, recall bias may have occurred because symptoms were investigated that occurred within the past.
The Relationship between COVID-19 Vaccination and Menstrual Cycle Pattern, a Systematic Review
Authors: Direkvand-Moghadam Ashraf
Published: February 2025

Introduction: There has been growing concern about menstrual disturbances during the COVID-19 pandemic, potentially caused by factors such as vaccination, infection, stress, and lifestyle changes. Our understanding of how COVID-19 impacts menstruation is limited, making it challenging to provide evidence-based advice. Menstrual irregularities can lead to anxiety and concerns about vaccination risks. The relationship between the menstrual cycle and COVID-19 effects remains unclear, highlighting the importance of further research to understand the connection and its implications for female health. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and menstrual cycle pattern.

Materials and Methods: A systematic review, follows the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. The author conducted a literature search across three databases: Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from 2019 – 2024. Keywords derived from the Medical Subject Headings thesaurus were employed, specifically: "Menstrual Cycle", "uterine bleeding", "COVID- 19 Vaccine", and "COVID-19 Virus Vaccines". These identified terms were then amalgamated utilizing the Boolean operators AND and OR, with a prerequisite for their presence in the title, abstract, and keywords.

Findings: The review identified 11 articles, including 5 cross-sectional studies and 6 cohort studies. The outcomes assessed in these studies included changes in menstrual cycle duration, frequency, blood quantity, and associated symptoms. The findings indicate that Covid-19 vaccination can lead to menstrual irregularity, delayed periods, heavier or lighter menstrual flow, and changes in cycle length. These menstrual changes were more frequently reported after the second dose of the vaccine compared to the first dose.

Conclusion: The review shows a link between COVID-19 vaccination and menstrual irregularities, with many women experiencing changes in cycle length, flow, pain, and symptoms. More research is needed for better understanding.
Parabacteroides Johnsonii Inhibits the Onset and Progression of Colorectal Cancer by Modulating the Gut Microbiota
Authors: Dong Zhi-Wei
Published: February 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent malignant tumor and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The genus Parabacteroides is an important component of the gut microbiota. P. distasonis and P. goldsteinii are reported probiotics, and their roles in CRC have been investigated in related studies. However, the association between P. johnsonii and CRC remains unknown. The purpose of the present study aimed to investigate the association of Parabacteroides johnsonii with colorectal cancer (CRC) symptom alleviation in azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated C57BL/6 mice and to determine its underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that P. johnsonii intervention reduced the number and slowed the growth of colonic tumors, improved tumor histological scores, and decreased microenvironmental inflammation levels. P. johnsonii reversed dysbiosis in the gut microbiota of CRC mice, increased gut microbial species diversity, and maintained gut microbiota stability. Furthermore, P. johnsonii intervention increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum and Lactobacillus, which play a role in ameliorating AOM/DSS-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. P. johnsonii intervention affected the metabolic pathways, including amino sugar degradation and galactose metabolism, sphingolipid synthesis, amino acid synthesis, and polyphenol synthesis pathways, with the tryptophan metabolism pathway as the primary pathway being affected.
Metabolic and Weight Effects in Acute Lifestyle Changes
Authors: Leme da Rocha Martinez Tania
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and laboratory results found in the database of an institution for the prevention, promotion and recovery of health. Clinical and laboratory parameters were observed during the examination of 458 medical records of patients who underwent a clinical program of acute lifestyle intervention, and what changes were produced by this treatment. The clinical parameters evaluated were body weight and waist circumference. In the statistical analysis, with statistical significance (p<0.05), there was an improvement in the biochemical indices studied in both groups, especially in the group with longer permanence, improvement in body weight, and there was also a significant improvement (p<0.05) in those with metabolic syndrome, among whom approximately 36% no longer had this condition. Acute lifestyle intervention reduced or reversed risk factors for coronary artery disease and the presence of metabolic syndrome.