bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterización de los pacientes con Fibrosis Quística diagnosticados por cloruros en Sudor
Authors: Gale Sandra , Sabillón Maynor , Ortega Iglesias Julio Cesar
Published: April 2017

Antecedentes y Objetivo: La Fibrosis Quística (FQ) es una enfermedad genética de herencia autosómica recesiva, caracterizada por disfunción de las glándulas de secreción exocrina. En Honduras no hay ningún tipo de revisión sobre este tema, por lo que se realizó este estudio con el objetivo de caracterizar los pacientes diagnosticados con FQ mediante prueba de Cloruros en Sudor.Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo, se revisaron expedientes clínicos y se aplicó un instrumento de 20 preguntas a pacientes en control médico, durante enero 2010 a junio 2015.Resultados: Se presentan cinco pacientes con diagnóstico de fibrosis quística. La edad al momento del diagnóstico varió de Recién nacido a 5 años; 2 de ellos con antecedentes familiares para dicha enfermedad. Al inicio de la enfermedad 3 tenían sintomatología respiratoria y digestiva. En relación a talla/edad al momento del diagnóstico, 4 se encontraban por debajo del percentil Z-3. La totalidad reportó cultivos positivos para Pseudomona aureginosa. Respecto al manejo terapéutico de los pacientes en la totalidad de ellos se indicó nebulizaciones con Salino hipertónico al 7%, Beta-2-agonistas, antibióticos sistémicos y suplementación enzimática y de vitaminas liposoluble. En 2 pacientes, se encontró la mutación ΔF508 en el gen CFTR.Conclusiones: La Fibrosis Quística todavía es una patología en gran medida desconocida. Se recomienda  implementar el tamizaje neonatal para ayudar al diagnóstico temprano y la prueba de cloruros en sudor en pacientes de mayor edad y con alta sospecha clínica de esta enfermedad.Acta Pediátrica Hondureña, Vol. 6, No. 2 /octubre 2015 a marzo 2016: 486-492
Macrostomia
Authors: Flores Arévalo Kelvin , Bandy Nacif Yumana
Published: April 2017

No hay resumenActa Pediátrica Hondureña, Vol. 6, No. 2 /octubre 2015 a marzo 2016: 494
Leucemia mieloide aguda asociada a tumor de ovario en ausencia de tratamiento antineoplásico previo
Authors: Escobar Alberto Sully María , Martínez Beckerat Roxana
Published: April 2017

Se presenta caso de adolescente admitida al Hospital Mario Catarino Rivas con historia de fiebre, cefalea y aparición espontánea de hematomas en muslos de 4 días de evolución, acompañado de masa abdominal palpable de 10 cm, con hemograma que reportaba trombocitopenia y anemia. Al realizar Aspirado de médula ósea e inmunofenotipo reportaron Leucemia mieloide Aguda (LMA) estadio M7. La tomagrafía de abdomen reportó extensa tumoración retro peritoneal por lo que se realizó laparotomía exploradora donde se encontró tumor gigante de ovario derecho con metástasis a ganglios paraaórticos. La biopsia reportó un tumor mixto ovárico de células germinales. La aparición de leucemia mieloide aguda de forma simultánea a tumor de ovario sin antecedente de haber recibido tratamiento quimioterapéutico previo es un hallazgo inusual, y no se encontraron descripciones al respecto en la literatura consultada.Acta Pediátrica Hondureña, Vol. 6, No. 2 /octubre 2015 a marzo 2016: 499-505
Ébola, una verdadera emergencia mundial
Authors: Fernando Ponce Luis , Esmeralda Rubí Perla , Erazo Karen , Martínez Beckerat Roxana
Published: April 2017

Ébola es un virus altamente infectante y mortal, produce la enfermedad hemorrágica del Ébola, hoy en día representa una de las más peligrosas epidemias desatadas en África, llevando a intervenciones agresivas por parte de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para tratar de frenar su expansión a otros lugares. Se presenta en brotes epidémicos, causando la muerte hasta del 80-90% de los casos. Este virus es transmitido por contacto físico directo con secreciones de individuos infectados. La enfermedad está caracterizada por hemorragia, que usualmente conduce a la muerte.Con el fin de permanecer vigilantes por los recientes casos confirmados en Estados Unidos de América y su potencial afectación a otros países como Honduras, nuestro objetivo es concientizar y ampliar el conocimiento que tenemos sobre el Ébola en el personal de salud, dando a conocer medidas de prevención y control de infecciones, en los niveles de atención de servicios de salud, ya que las consecuencias de una mayor propagación internacional son particularmente graves dada su virulencia, su intensa transmisión tanto en la comunidad como en los centros sanitarios, y la debilidad de los sistemas de salud en países afectados.El Ébola es muy agresivo por tener alta tasa de letalidad, y por desconocer su tratamiento. El Ébola deja secuelas graves en la población, siendo pertinente la vigilancia de cualquier tipo de enfermedad semejante al Ébola y de la misma. La población debería conocer información sobre la naturaleza de la enfermedad y sobre las medidas necesarias de contención de brotes.Acta Pediátrica Hondureña, Vol. 6, No. 2 /octubre 2015 a marzo 2016: 506-515
Hacia una perspectiva interdisciplinaria
Authors: Editor El
Published: April 2017

No hay resúmenes disponiblesRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 135, 2013: 3-4
La mujer religiosa, la mujer ilustrada, la mujer ciudadana: representaciones y prácticas femeninas en algunos periódicos salvadoreños, 1871-1889
Authors: Vásquez Monzón Olga C.
Published: April 2017

El artículo analiza la construcción de los ideales femeninos expresados en el debate sobre la educación femenina, suscitado durante el período de la laicización del Estado salvadoreño entre 1871 y 1889. Estas representaciones se ven contrastadas por prácticas cotidianas de mujeres que ejercieron una cierta autonomía en los incipientes espacios de participación pública que se abrieron durante este momento. La participación en espacios como la escuela, la prensa y las organizaciones de caridad permitió a las mujeres salvadoreñas dar un primer paso en el proceso de su emancipación civil y política.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 135, 2013: 5-34
Una reforma educativa desconocida El Salvador 1883-1890
Authors: González Torres Julián
Published: April 2017

En el presente estudio, el autor analiza la reforma educativa que empezó a gestarse en 1883, pero que finalmente fue implementada entre los años 1887-1890. En tal sentido, se procura analizar los momentos más importantes que la precedieron y, en segundo lugar, aquellos cambios que se consideran significativos y que, en buena medida, rompieron con el modelo de educación pública primaria que se había implementado a lo largo del siglo XIX Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.135, 2013: 35-67
La incurable tristeza de raza: el indígena en la literatura salvadoreña entre 1880 y 19101
Authors: Roque Baldovinos Ricardo
Published: April 2017

No hay resúmenes disponiblesRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.135, 2013: 95-115
Erick Rivera Orellana. Atlas lingüístico-etnográfico pluridimensional de El Salvador
Authors: Samour Héctor
Published: April 2017

No hay resúmenes disponiblesRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.135, 2013: 153-155
Factors Influencing Equity Return Correlations between China’s Pairs of A- and B-Share Markets: Effect of QFII’s Implementation
Authors: Hsiao Jung-Lieh , Tu Teng-Tsai , Chen Mei-Chun
Published: April 2017

This paper was intended to examine factors influencing the correlations between A- and B-shares of individual firms, and explore the effects of Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor’s (QFII) implementation on correlations. The empirical results show that interest rate differential, relative turnover rate, relative return volatility, and market sentiment had impacts on correlation both before and after the QFII’s implementation. After its implementation, correlations became more sensitive to premium, relative turnover rate and market sentiment. Furthermore, the estimated constant term for overall market correlation became more negative (raw values from -0.3413 to -0.8815), indicating an increasing correlation between A- and B-shares’ returns. The policy implications are that much benefit of diversification into emerging markets such as paired A-and B-shares can be accomplished, together with taking several influential factors into account.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Earth Science Research, Vol. 6, No. 1
Authors: Luo Lesley
Published: April 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Earth Science Research, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2017
Clay Minerals Variations in Quaternary Sediments of Basrah City-Iraq
Authors: Hamid Al-Jaberi Mohanad
Published: April 2017

Mineralogical and chemical analysis of two well cutting in quaternary sediments at Basrah city. This study have been focused on the quaternary clay minerals variations which give a clear indication to marine transgression and or / regression in Hammar formation. Kaolinite, Illite, Palygoreskite, Illite-Palygorestike mixed layer, Chlorite, Montmorillonite, Vermiculte, and mixed layers of Illite- Smectite are the most quantitatively important phyllosilicates in soil studies in both boreholes. The mineralogical composition of cutting sediments shows significant variability in the different size fractions and depth distribution. Chlorite and kaolinite minerals were increase in the fine grain size especially in the clayey silt, whereas montmoriolllinite and vermiculite minerals were increase in coarse grains especially in silty sand texture. Kaolinite decrease in abundance with depth, which give indicative of a transition from non-marine in quaternary recent sediment ( fresh or brackish water silt) to marine facies in quaternary Hammar formation ( marine shelly silt) during last transgression of quaternary. Palygoreskite mineral percentages increasing at depths 27 and 28 meter , after decreased at 30, 32, 35 , and 40 m respectively , which give data indication that early quaternary marine transgression happened in 32m , and center of quaternary marine transgression detected in 27 and 28 meters , while late marine transgression detected in 17 m , and all of these represent by Hammar formation. Soil ageing also caused to downward increase of montmorillonite suggest to climate became more arid during the early quaternary. Variations ratio of montmorillonite versus kaolinite can be indicated to climatic fluctuation. Illite-Semectite featured indicates changes in both sediment source and paleoclimate. Illite transformation for Illite-Palygoreskite mixed layers with ageing. Vermiculite has strong susceptibility to increase with age. SiO₂, Al₂O₃, CaO, MgO, K₂O, and Fe₂O₃ were the major oxides that identified in present study and used as indicated of clay minerals in studied sediments.
“Extimate” Technologies and Techno-Cultural Discontent
Authors: Zwart Hub ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2017

According to a chorus of authors, the human life-world is currently invaded by an avalanche of high-tech devices referred to as “emerging,” ”intimate,” or ”NBIC” technologies: a new type of contrivances or gadgets designed to optimize cognitive or sensory performance and / or to enable mood management. Rather than manipulating objects in the outside world, they are designed to influence human bodies and brains more directly, and on a molecular scale. In this paper, these devices will be framed as ‘extimate’ technologies (both intimate and external; both embedded and foreign; both life-enhancing and intrusive), a concept borrowed from Jacques Lacan. Although Lacan is not commonly regarded as a philosopher of technology, the dialectical relationship between human desire and technological artefacts runs as an important thread through his work. Moreover, he was remarkably prescient concerning the blending of life science and computer science, which is such a distinctive feature of the current techno-scientific turn. Building on a series of Lacanian concepts, my aim is to develop a psychoanalytical diagnostic of the technological present. Finally, I will indicate how such an analysis may inform our understanding of human life and embodiment as such.
A permanência dos alunos da Fatec Tatuapé em 2015
Authors: Campos Rodrigo Vieira , Almeida Ivanete Bellucci Pires de
Published: April 2017

Neste texto apresentam-se resultados de um trabalho que buscou estudar os alunos que deixaram de frequentar a Fatec Tatuapé no ano de 2015, antes de concluir o curso em que estavam matriculados. Tal estudo é um esforço em busca de possíveis soluções para a questão da permanência do aluno em ambiente de ensino superior tecnológico, haja vista que outros estudos apresentam índices de aumento em relação a essa permanência dos alunos em instituições de ensino públicas e privadas. A coleta dos dados foi feita por meio de um questionário elaborado e desenvolvido pelo Centro Paula Souza, adaptado pela Fatec Tatuapé, como instrumento de medição para se perceber nesta instituição de ensino superior tecnológico, como o curso de Controle de Obras, oferecidos no período noturno, se comportava em relação à permanência dos alunos ingressantes no sistema de ensino. Foi possível perceber que este curso é o que apresenta maior índice de desistência, seguido do curso de Gestão Empresarial, oferecido na modalidade à distância. Considerou-se que os alunos do período noturno têm dificuldade em conciliar a jornada de trabalho com um curso de ensino superior, neste caso, público escolhendo abdicar do mesmo. Destaca-se, ainda, que o ingressante na modalidade à distância tem relativa dificuldade em participar, estudar e se organizar para atender e executar as atividades propostas nesse ambiente de aprendizagem, além de sentir falta do contato interpessoal e extraclasse das aulas regulares.Palavras-chave: permanência, ensino superior, educação tecnológica.
Avaliação da organização do espaço escolar na percepção docente: um estudo realizado em escolas da rede pública municipal de Fortaleza/CE
Authors: Lima Marcos Antonio Martins , Silva Denize De Melo , Tahim Ana Paula Vasconcelos de Oliveira
Published: April 2017

Neste texto busca-se apresentar os resultados de uma avaliação acerca da gestão escolar com base na percepção dos docentes oriundos das escolas da rede pública municipal de Fortaleza, Ceará. A metodologia da pesquisa compreende as etapas de investigação e análise do objeto. A escolha das instituições foi feita com base no Índice de Desempenho Escolar Alfa (0-10) correspondente ao período de 2012 e 2014. A análise qualitativa foi realizada com base no Atlas.ti7 com vistas a entender os discursos provenientes dos docentes para a compreensão acerca da organização do espaço escolar e do papel desempenhado pelo gestor. Verificou-se que o trabalho atrelado à formação docente deve considerar os anseios dos docentes e discentes, além do contexto em que as práticas são conduzidas nas escolas.Palavras-chave: organização escolar, percepção docente, avaliação educacional.
Avaliação educacional: o Ideb e os sintomas da desestruturação do ensino médio
Authors: Corrêa Arlindo Júnior , Duarte Bruno Monteiro
Published: April 2017

Neste artigo procura-se produzir uma análise sobre os mecanismos de avalições educacionais desenvolvidas em âmbito nacional. Para isso o objeto de estudo foi o Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica - Ideb. Esse trabalho parte da hipótese de uma possível desestruturação do ensino médio, tendo em vista que, como demostrado nos resultados do Ideb, esta etapa da educação básica sofre os sintomas de uma estagnação ou de um retrocesso em seus índices de avaliação externa. Diante desse cenário surgiu a polêmica medida provisória n. 746/16, que visa a reformar o ensino médio brasileiro, dando a ele um novo perfil.Palavras-chave: avaliação externa, Ideb, ensino médio.
A participação social na avaliação da política educacional: as conferências municipais de educação sob análise
Authors: Alves João Paulo Da Conceição , Campos Lima Francisco Willams
Published: April 2017

Neste texto busca-se analisar a participação social na avaliação da política educacional mediante as conferências municipais de educação realizadas no município de Ananindeua/PA, no período de 2003 a 2011. A problemática foi expressa nos seguintes termos: a avaliação da política educacional implantada no município possibilitou que os segmentos sociais interessados participassem diretamente desse processo? Utilizamos a análise bibliográfica e documental. Como resultados consideramos a proporcionalidade como estratégia mais adequada nesse processo de avaliação e de construção de proposições à política municipal de educação. Apontamos que as metodologias identificadas a partir de projetos e relatórios das CMEs contribuem para a consolidação de processos de democratização da gestão educacional.Palavras-chave: avaliação, participação social, política educacional.
Gestão escolar democrática e qualidade de ensino: estudo de caso em uma escola municipal no interior de São Paulo
Authors: Oliveira Alessandra Teresinha , Mendes Glauco Henrique de Sousa , Boriolo Raquel Ottani
Published: April 2017

Neste artigo discutem-se os impactos que o perfil do gestor escolar e a adoção da gestão democrática na escola têm na qualidade do ensino, mensurada de forma indireta a partir do desempenho da escola em avaliações externas de larga escala. Para isso, foram sistematizadas evidências desses impactos a partir da literatura de referência e da condução de um estudo de caso em uma escola municipal de pequeno porte, num município do interior do Estado de São Paulo, levantando-se dados oficiais do desempenho da escola no Ideb entre 2007 a 2013, o estilo de gestão adotada nesse período e entrevistas com dois de seus gestores. As evidências apontam que o tempo de permanência do diretor numa mesma escola é determinante para os resultados alcançados no Ideb, junto com a participação da comunidade escolar e o estilo democrático da gestão, sendo a escola estudada um retrato dos impactos desses fatores. Palavras-chave: gestão democrática, qualidade de ensino, gestão escolar, Ideb.
Perspectiva da gestão do conhecimento e a educação de jovens e adultos: desafios e possibilidades
Authors: Amorim Antonio , Rocha Aldaíce Damasceno , Da Matta Alfredo Eurico
Published: April 2017

Neste artigo objetiva-se identificar o papel que a gestão do conhecimento ocupa na educação de jovens e adultos e as práticas de gestão escolar que estão correlacionadas com as de gestão do conhecimento. Os instrumentos utilizados para coleta e análise dos dados foram à entrevista semiestruturada e a aplicação de questionário. Os resultados apontaram para a necessidade de consolidação de práticas compatíveis com o modelo teórico da gestão do conhecimento, apresentando a possibilidade de usar técnicas e ferramentas com o intuito de efetivar melhorias no desenvolvimento educativo.   Palavras-chave: educação de jovens e adultos, gestão do conhecimento, gestão escolar, gestão inovadora dos saberes.
Utilização do perfil dos estudantes como parâmetro da gestão educacional
Authors: Pigato Decio Tadeu Dalcin , Cangiani Silvana Maria Paes
Published: April 2017

No presente trabalho buscou-se compreender como o diagnóstico da realidade dos estudantes do ensino fundamental é conduzida no âmbito da rede municipal de educação de Viamão/RS. A partir desta compreensão buscou-se elaborar uma metodologia para a utilização do perfil dos estudantes como parâmetro de gestão. Para tanto, estruturou-se a pesquisa em três dimensões: como o diagnóstico da realidade dos estudantes é feito na atualidade, quais as contribuições oferecidas pelo banco de dados Pense do IBGE. O trabalho gerou um produto para a rede municipal de ensino, o qual possibilita a ampliação do cadastro dos alunos, com a proposta de inclusão de parâmetros que contemplam variáveis as quais permitem identificar melhor a diversidade presente nas escolas.Palavras-chave: perfil dos estudantes, diagnóstico, gestão educacional, ensino fundamental.
O papel do diretor na perspectiva do planejamento estratégico de uma gestão escolar
Authors: Saldanha Manoela Da Rocha Atarão , Nodari Cristine Hermann , Salvagni Julice
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo apresenta um estudo de caso realizado nos colégios da Rede Marista. O objetivo da pesquisa foi compreender o papel e a influência do diretor escolar na execução do planejamento estratégico. Para atingir este objetivo foram estudados os conceitos da gestão educacional com ênfase na liderança do diretor escolar e a compreensão de planejamento estratégico do ponto de vista de sua execução. A coleta e dados foi realizada por meio de pesquisa documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas, que foram aplicadas e quatro gestores dos colégios da Rede Marista, sendo dois deles gestores da estrutura executiva e os outros dois diretores. Ao analisar os dados foi possível conhecer e entender o planejamento estratégico dos colégios da Rede Marista, identificar as atribuições legais e civis de um diretor escolar, além de compreender o perfil de cargo e a influência do diretor escolar como gestor principal da execução do planejamento estratégico de seu colégio e da Rede Marista.Palavras-chave: planejamento estratégico, colégios da rede marista, gestão educacional, diretor escolar.
Apresentação
Authors: Quadros Claudemir de
Published: April 2017

Apresentação do v. 6, n. 12, maio/ago. 2017 da Regae.
Improving early identification of HIV‐infected neonates with birth PCR testing in a large urban hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa: successes and challenges
Authors: Technau Karl‐Günter , Kuhn Louise , Coovadia Ashraf , Carmona Sergio , Sherman Gayle
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Timely diagnosis is necessary to avert early death in HIV‐infected neonates. Birth PCR testing may improve early identification and facilitate access to care. We implemented a birth HIV diagnosis programme in Johannesburg, South Africa and present successes and challenges of the first two and a half years of operation.

Methods: Between June 2014 and December 2016, we sought to identify all HIV‐exposed births and offer newborn HIV PCR testing before discharge after delivery. The programme identified newly delivered women who had tested positive during pregnancy and provided post‐partum HIV antibody testing for women without recent negative results. HIV‐positive women were required to consent for neonatal birth testing and asked to return a week later to obtain their results. Neonatal venous blood was sampled and tested at the national laboratory using Roche COBAS® TaqMan® HIV‐1 Qualitative Test (Version 2.0). Non‐negative results triggered active follow‐up for confirmatory testing and appropriate treatment.

Results: Of 30,591 women with live births, 6864 (22.4%) were known to be HIV positive and an additional 221 women (1.4% of those tested) were identified during maternal postnatal testing. Of 7085 HIV‐positive women, 6372 (89.9%) were interviewed and agreed to data collection, 6358 (99.8%) consented to birth testing for 6467 neonates and a blood sample was collected for 6377 (98.6%). If tested, 6210 (97.4%) tested negative, 91 (1.4%) positive, 57 (0.9%) revealed errors and 19 (0.3%) were indeterminate . Seven of the 19 neonates with indeterminate results and one with initial error result were found to be infected on subsequent testing yielding an intrauterine transmission rate of 1.6% (95% CI: 1.3–1.9). Sixteen (16%) of 99 infected infants were born to women (n = 221) identified during postnatal testing. With active outreach, 95/99 (96%) infected infants were initiated on antiretroviral therapy. Of 6261 neonates with negative results, 3251 (52%) returned to receive their test results.

Conclusion: Our programme successfully achieved high coverage and uptake of birth PCR testing and was able, with active tracking, to start almost all identified HIV‐infected neonates on antiretroviral therapy. Implementation required additional staff for counselling, quality control and outreach. Return for negative results was low and neonates with indeterminate results required multiple repeat tests.
The relationship between higher social trust and lower late HIV diagnosis and mortality differs by race/ethnicity: results from a state‐level analysis
Authors: Ransome Yusuf , Batson Ashley , Galea Sandro , Kawachi Ichiro , Nash Denis , Mayer Kenneth H.
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Black men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to suffer a disproportionate burden of new HIV diagnoses and mortality. To better understand some of the reasons for these profound disparities, we examined whether the association between social trust and late HIV diagnosis and mortality differed by race/ethnicity, and investigated potential indirect effects of any observed differences.

Methods: We performed generalized structural equation modelling to assess main and interaction associations between trust among one's neighbours in 2009 (i.e. social trust) and race/ethnicity (Black, White, and Hispanic) predicting late HIV diagnosis (a CD4 count ≤200 cell/µL within three months of a new HIV diagnosis) rates and all‐cause mortality rates of persons ever diagnosed late with HIV, across 47 American states for the years 2009–2013. We examined potential indirect effects of state‐level HIV testing between social trust and late HIV diagnosis. Social trust data were from the Gallup Healthways Survey, HIV data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and HIV testing from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Covariates included state‐level structural, healthcare, and socio‐demographic factors including income inequality, healthcare access, and population density. We stratified analysis by transmission group (male‐to‐male, heterosexual, and injection drug use (IDU)).

Results: States with higher levels of social trust had lower late HIV diagnosis rates: Adjusted Rate Ratio [aRR] were consistent across risk groups (0.57; 95%CI 0.53–0.62, male‐to‐male), (aRR 0.58; 95%CI 0.54–0.62, heterosexual) and (aRR 0.64; 95%CI 0.60–0.69, IDU). Those associations differed by race/ethnicity (all p < 0.001). The associations were most protective for Blacks followed by Hispanics, and least protective for Whites. HIV testing mediated between 18 and 32% of the association between social trust and late HIV diagnosis across transmission group but for Blacks relative to Whites only. Social trust was associated with lower all‐cause mortality rates and that association varied by race/ethnicity within the male‐to‐male and IDU transmission groups only.

Conclusions: Social trust may promote timely HIV testing, which can facilitate earlier HIV diagnosis, thus it can be a useful determinant to monitor the relationship with HIV care continuum outcomes especially for racial/ethnic minority groups disproportionately infected by HIV.
Structure of a AAA+ unfoldase in the process of unfolding substrate
Authors: Ripstein Zev A , Huang Rui , Augustyniak Rafal , Kay Lewis E , Rubinstein John L
Published: April 2017

AAA+ unfoldases are thought to unfold substrate through the central pore of their hexameric structures, but how this process occurs is not known. VAT, the Thermoplasma acidophilum homologue of eukaryotic CDC48/p97, works in conjunction with the proteasome to degrade misfolded or damaged proteins. We show that in the presence of ATP, VAT with its regulatory N-terminal domains removed unfolds other VAT complexes as substrate. We captured images of this transient process by electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) to reveal the structure of the substrate-bound intermediate. Substrate binding breaks the six-fold symmetry of the complex, allowing five of the six VAT subunits to constrict into a tight helix that grips an ~80 Å stretch of unfolded protein. The structure suggests a processive hand-over-hand unfolding mechanism, where each VAT subunit releases the substrate in turn before re-engaging further along the target protein, thereby unfolding it.
Feasibility of Contrast‐Enhanced Intraoperative Ultrasound for Detection and Characterization of Renal Mass Undergoing Open Partial Nephrectomy
Authors: Le Ott , Wood Christopher , Vikram Raghunandan , Patnana Madhavi , Bhosale Priya , Bassett Roland , Bedi Deepak
Published: April 2017

Objectives

To determine the feasibility of obtaining intraoperative contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging in patients undergoing open partial nephrectomy for renal cancer. We hypothesize that the study was feasible and the addition of CEUS would improve lesion identification and characterization.

Methods

The study population consisted of 10 patients with known renal mass scheduled for intraoperative ultrasound–guided open partial nephrectomy. After dissection and exposure of the kidney by the surgeon, an intraoperative pre‐ and post‐CEUS was performed by the radiologist. Feasibility was defined as successful imaging in 8 of 10 patients with intraoperative CEUS. Image quality, lesion conspicuity/contrast, lesion vascularity, morphology, and size were assessed and graded with pre‐ and post‐contrast images.

Results

Intraoperative ultrasound was successfully acquired in 10 of 11 patients for renal mass detection and characterization. One study was canceled intraoperatively as a result of clinical complications related to a difficult surgery. Tumor size ranged from 1.3 to 4.2 cm. All lesions were solid. No additional lesions were found on CEUS compared with baseline imaging. Image quality post‐contrast ranged from acceptable to excellent. There were no adverse events recorded for all 10 patients.

Conclusions

In our feasibility study consisting of 10 patients, CEUS for detection and characterization of renal mass undergoing open partial nephrectomy was feasible and safe. Because intraoperative ultrasound during open partial nephrectomy can affect the extent of surgery, CEUS can be used to help detect and characterize renal mass for surgical planning/resection intraoperatively.
Sonographic Visualization of the Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Forearm: Technique and Validation Using Perineural Injections in a Cadaveric Model
Authors: Maida Eugene , Chiavaras Mary M. , Jelsing Elena J. , O'Driscoll Shawn W. , Pawlina Wojciech , Smith Jay
Published: April 2017

Objectives

To determine the ability to sonographically identify the posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm (PCNF) and its distal epicondylar branches using sonographically guided perineural injections in an unembalmed cadaveric model.

Methods

A single experienced operator used a 12–3‐MHz linear array transducer to identify the PCNF and its distal epicondylar region branches in 10 unembalmed cadaveric specimens (6 right and 4 left) obtained from 10 donors. Sonographically guided perineural PCNF injections were then completed with a 22‐gauge, 38‐mm stainless steel needle to deliver 0.25 mL of 50% diluted colored latex at 3 points along the PCNF. The latex location was then confirmed via dissection.

Results

The 10 donors included 4 male and 6 female cadavers aged 48 to 94 years (mean, 73 years) with body mass indices of 19 to 37 kg/m2 (mean, 26 kg/m2). The operator sonographically identified the PCNF and several distal branches traversing over or directly adjacent to the lateral epicondyle in all 10 specimens. Only 7 of 10 specimens showed a distinct PCNF bifurcation into anterior and posterior divisions, and all 7 were accurately identified and localized on sonography. There was no evidence of latex overflow to clinically relevant adjacent structures or injury to regional vessels or nerves.

Conclusions

High‐resolution sonography can identify the PCNF and its distal epicondylar branches. Sonographic evaluation of the PCNF should be included in the evaluation of patients presenting with refractory or atypical lateral elbow pain syndromes. Diagnostic and therapeutic sonographically guided procedures targeting the PCNF or its lateral epicondylar branches are feasible and warrant further investigation.
Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Quantification in the Evaluation of Renal Parenchyma Elasticity in Pediatric Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: Preliminary Results
Authors: Bilgici Meltem Ceyhan , Bekci Tumay , Genc Gurkan , Tekcan Demet , Tomak Leman
Published: April 2017

Objectives

To evaluate renal parenchymal elasticity with acoustic radiation force impulse imaging in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and compare with healthy volunteers.

Methods

Thirty‐eight healthy volunteers and 30 pediatric CKD patients were enrolled in this prospective study. The shear wave velocity (SW) values of both kidneys in CKD patients and healthy volunteers were evaluated.

Results

The mean SW in healthy volunteers was 2.21 ± 0.34 m/s, whereas the same value was 1.81 ± 0.49, 1.72 ± 0.63, 1.66 ± 0.29, 1.48 ± 0.37, and 1.23 ± 0.27 for stages 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in CKD patients, respectively. The SW was significantly lower for each stage in the CKD patients compared with healthy volunteers. Acoustic radiation force impulse could not predict the different stages of CKD, with the exception of stage 5. The cut‐off value for predicting CKD was 1.81 m/s; at this threshold, sensitivity was 76.5% and specificity was 92.1% (area under the curve = 0.870 [95% confidence interval: 0.750–0.990]; P < .001). Interobserver agreement expressed as intraclass coefficient correlation was 0.65 (95% confidence interval: 0.34 to 0.83; P < .001).

Conclusions

Acoustic radiation force impulse may be a potentially useful tool in detecting CKD in pediatric patients.
Boron‐Dependency of Molybdenum Boride Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Park Hyounmyung , Encinas Andrew , Scheifers Jan P. , Zhang Yuemei , Fokwa Boniface P. T.
Published: April 2017

Molybdenum‐based materials have been considered as alternative catalysts to noble metals, such as platinum, for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). We have synthesized four binary bulk molybdenum borides Mo2B, α‐MoB, β‐MoB, and MoB2 by arc‐melting. All four phases were tested for their electrocatalytic activity (linear sweep voltammetry) and stability (cyclic voltammetry) with respect to the HER in acidic conditions. Three of these phases were studied for their HER activity and by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for the first time; MoB2 and β‐MoB show excellent activity in the same range as the recently reported α‐MoB and β‐Mo2C phases, while the molybdenum richest phase Mo2B show significantly lower HER activity, indicating a strong boron‐dependency of these borides for the HER. In addition, MoB2 and β‐MoB show long‐term cycle stability in acidic solution.
Taming Silicon Congeners of CO and CO2: Synthesis of Monomeric SiII and SiIV Chalcogenide Complexes
Authors: Burchert Alexander , Müller Robert , Yao Shenglai , Schattenberg Caspar , Xiong Yun , Kaupp Martin , Driess Matthias
Published: April 2017

The synthesis of the unprecedented monomeric SiII selenide complex (bis‐NHC)Si=Se→GaCl3 2 (bis‐NHC=bis‐N heterocyclic carbene, H2C[{NC(H)=C(H)N(Dipp)}C:]2, Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3), bearing the elusive SiSe ligand as a heavy CO homologue by the reaction of the silylone–GaCl3 adduct (bis‐NHC)Si→GaCl3 1 with elemental selenium in acetonitrile, is reported. The similar conversion of 1 with excess selenium conducted in THF afforded the SiSe2 complex (bis‐NHC)Si(=Se)Se→GaCl3 3. Remarkably, the reaction of 1 with Te=P(nBu)3 as a gentle Te transfer reagent led to the isolation of the monomeric SiTe2 complex (bis‐NHC)SiTe2 4, the first structurally characterized Lewis acid free heavy CO2 homologue complex. The isolated compounds 2, 3, and 4 have been fully characterized, including single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. Their electronic structures and spectroscopic data have also been studied by quantum‐chemical calculations.
Organocatalytic Nucleophilic Addition of Hydrazones to Imines: Synthesis of Enantioenriched Vicinal Diamines
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping
Published: April 2017

In the presence of a catalytic amount of chiral phosphoric acid, nucleophilic addition of N‐monosubstituted hydrazones to N‐Boc imines affords differentially protected vicinal diamines in the form of β‐amino N,N′‐dialkyldiazenes in excellent yields with high chemo‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivity. This catalytic asymmetric aza‐Mannich reaction represents the first example in which N‐alkyl hydrazones serve as α‐azo carbanion equivalents to provide vicinal diamines with control of the two contiguous stereocenters. The adducts are readily converted into the monoprotected or free diamines and derivatives thereof.
Enhanced and Optically Switchable Proton Conductivity in a Melting Coordination Polymer Crystal
Authors: Nagarkar Sanjog S. , Horike Satoshi , Itakura Tomoya , Le Ouay Benjamin , Demessence Aude , Tsujimoto Masahiko , Kitagawa Susumu
Published: April 2017

The melting behavior of a coordination polymer (CP) crystal was utilized to achieve enhanced and optically switchable proton conductivity in the solid state. The strong acid molecules (triflic acid) were doped in one‐dimensional (1D) CP, [Zn(HPO4)(H2PO4)2](ImH2)2 (ImH2=monoprotonated imidazole) in the melt state, and overall enhancement in the proton conductivity was obtained. The enhanced proton conductivity is assigned to increased number of mobile protons and defects created by acid doping. Optical control over proton conductivity in the CP is achieved by doping of the photo acid molecule pyranine into the melted CP. The pyranine reversibly generates the mobile acidic protons and local defects in the glassy state of CP resulting in the bulk switchable conductivity mediated by light irradiation. Utilization of CP crystal in liquid state enables to be a novel route to incorporate functional molecules and defects, and it provides a tool to control the bulk properties of the CP material.
From Biography to Osteobiography: An Example of Anthropological Historical Identification of the Remains of St. Paul
Authors: Mihanović Frane , Jerković Ivan , Kružić Ivana , Anđelinović Šimun , Janković Stipan , Bašić Željana
Published: April 2017

In the identification process of historical figures, and especially in cases of Saint's bodies or mummified remains, any method that includes physical encroachment or sampling is often not allowed. In these cases, one of the few remaining possibilities is the application of nondestructive radiographical and anthropological methods. However, although there have been a few attempts of such analyses, no systematic standard methodology has been developed until now. In this study, we developed a methodological approach that was used to test the authenticity of the alleged body of Saint Paul the Confessor. Upon imaging the remains on MSCT and post‐processing, the images were analyzed by an interdisciplinary team to explore the contents beneath the binding media (e.g., the remains) and to obtain osetobiographical data for comparison with historical biological data. Obtained results: ancestry, sex, age, occupation, and social status were consistent with historical data. Although the methodological approach proved to be appropriate in this case, due to the discrepancy in the amount of data, identity could not be fully confirmed. Nonetheless, the hypothesis that the remains do not belong to St. Paul was rejected, whilst positive identification receives support. Anat Rec, 300:1535–1546, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent Developments in the Preparation of Silicones with Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Kottmann Annika , Mejía Esteban , Hémery Thérèse , Klein Johann , Kragl Udo
Published: April 2017

This Focus Review describes state‐of‐the‐art methods for the preparation of antimicrobial silicones. Given the diversity of antimicrobial activity and their mechanisms, the performance of these materials is highly dependent on the characteristics of the polymeric matrix. Therefore, different synthetic routes have been developed, such as 1) physical treatments, 2) chemical transformations, and 3) copolymerization. This classification is not exclusive, so some products belong to more than one class. Herein, we attempt to present a handy overview of the development of antimicrobial silicones, their most important application fields, the most relevant antimicrobial assays, and, as the title suggests, an overview of the most relevant preparation methods.
Anatomo‐radiological patterns of pancreatic vascularization, with surgical implications: Clinical and anatomical study
Authors: Macchi Veronica , Picardi Edgardo Enrico Edoardo , Porzionato Andrea , Morra Aldo , Bardini Romeo , Loukas Marios , Tubbs R. Shane , De Caro Raffaele
Published: April 2017

The pancreas receives multiple arterial sources that should be considered in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery. The aim of this study is to describe pancreatic vascularization and to explore the anatomical basis of postoperative complications. Ten specimens from unembalmed cadavers, including the retroperitoneal vessels and organs and spleen, were injected with acrylic resins to obtain vascular casts. Thirty computed tomography angiographies (CTA) of subjects with no pancreatic pathology (mean age 70.9 years) were also analyzed. A paucivascular area at the neck of the pancreas was apparent in all vascular casts. At CTA: (1) the transverse pancreatic artery, the only artery running from the cervicocephalic to the somatocaudal segment, was visible in 76.9% of cases; (2) the splenic artery was suprapancreatic in 66.7% and intrapancreatic with a tortuous course in 33.3%; (3) the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery was visible in 100% of cases, the anterior superior pancreatico‐duodenal artery in 92.6%, the anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery in 73.1%, the posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery in 86.4%, the dorsal pancreatic artery in 65.4%, the great pancreatic artery in 73.1%, and the pancreatic arteries to the body and caudal pancreatic arteries in 96.2%. Our study demonstrated great individual variability of the pancreatic vasculature, which can be explored by CTA and could be relevant to surgical procedures. Clin. Anat. 30:614–624, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Noninvasive characterization of pancreatic tumor mouse models using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Farr Navid , Wang Yak‐Nam , D'Andrea Samantha , Gravelle Kayla M , Hwang Joo Ha , Lee Donghoon
Published: April 2017

The preclinical models of pancreatic adenocarcinoma provide an alternative means for determining the mechanisms of malignancy and possibilities for treatments, thus representing a resource of immense potential for cancer treatment in medicine. To evaluate different tumor models, quantifiable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques can play a significant role in identifying valuable in vivo biomarkers of tumor characteristics. We characterized three models of pancreatic cancer with multiparametric MRI techniques. Tumor stromal density of each tumor was measured using diffusion‐weighted imaging and magnetization transfer (MT‐MRI). Histologic measurement showed a similar trend with tumor fibrosis levels. Results indicated that MRI measurements can serve as a valuable tool in identifying and evaluating tumor characteristics.
Probing the CMP‐Sialic Acid Donor Specificity of Two Human β‐d‐Galactoside Sialyltransferases (ST3Gal I and ST6Gal I) Selectively Acting on O‐ and N‐Glycosylproteins
Authors: Noel Maxence , Gilormini Pierre‐André , Cogez Virginie , Yamakawa Nao , Vicogne Dorothée , Lion Cédric , Biot Christophe , Guérardel Yann , Harduin‐Lepers Anne
Published: April 2017

Sialylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids is catalyzed by sialyltransferases in the Golgi of mammalian cells, whereby sialic acid residues are added at the nonreducing ends of oligosaccharides. Because sialylated glycans play critical roles in a number of human physio‐pathological processes, the past two decades have witnessed the development of modified sialic acid derivatives for a better understanding of sialic acid biology and for the development of new therapeutic targets. However, nothing is known about how individual mammalian sialyltransferases tolerate and behave towards these unnatural CMP‐sialic acid donors. In this study, we devised several approaches to investigate the donor specificity of the human β‐d‐galactoside sialyltransferases ST6Gal I and ST3Gal I by using two CMP‐sialic acids: CMP‐Neu5Ac, and CMP‐Neu5N‐(4pentynoyl)neuraminic acid (CMP‐SiaNAl), an unnatural CMP‐sialic acid donor with an extended and functionalized N‐acyl moiety.
Diastereoselective Radical‐Type Cyclopropanation of Electron‐Deficient Alkenes Mediated by the Highly Active Cobalt(II) Tetramethyltetraaza[14]annulene Catalyst
Authors: Chirila Andrei , Gopal Das Braja , Paul Nanda D. , de Bruin Bas
Published: April 2017

The front cover artwork for Issue 8/2017 is provided by the homogeneous catalysis group in Amsterdam. The image shows [Co(MeTAA)], a fast cyclopropanation catalyst, rapidly approaching Earth's atmosphere like a comet. See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201601568.
Model of Temperature Cycle‐Induced Deracemization via Differences in Crystal Growth Rate Dispersion
Authors: Uchin Ratchanon , Suwannasang Kittisak , Flood Adrian E.
Published: April 2017

A racemic suspension of a conglomerate‐forming system can be converted to a homochiral suspension where the solute in the solution phase undergoes fast racemization through temperature fluctuations, i.e., temperature cycle‐induced deracemization. Previously, a mathematical model of chiral symmetry breaking due to differences in distributions of crystal growth rate activities between the two enantiomorphs was proposed. This model was a simplification since it used a very low number of crystals. Herein, the deracemization process was simulated using continuous distributions for the population of crystals and the growth rate of crystals which results in far more accurate simulations. The mechanism produces results similar to that achieved in experiments. The results from the gCrystal program demonstrated that complete chiral conversion to the enantiomorph with the wider dispersion in growth rate activity occurred in the solid phase.
Mapping the Trajectory of Nucleophilic Substitution at Silicon Using aperi‐Substituted Acenaphthyl Scaffold
Authors: Hupf Emanuel , Olaru Marian , Raţ Ciprian I. , Fugel Malte , Hübschle Christian B. , Lork Enno , Grabowsky Simon , Mebs Stefan , Beckmann Jens
Published: April 2017

The second‐order nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction at a silicon atom is scrutinized by means of snapshots along a pseudoreaction coordinate. Phosphine and fluoride represent both attacking and leaving groups in the modeled SN2 reaction. In the experimentally obtained 5‐diphenylphosphinoacenaphth‐6‐yl‐dimethylfluorosilane,1, the phosphine and fluorosilane moieties are forced into immediate proximity through an acenaphthyl scaffold, that is, they exhibitperiinteractions that serve as the model of the reactant ion–molecule complex and starting point for a theoretical potential‐energy surface (PES) scan. Upon dissociation of fluoride, the experimentally obtained silylphosphonium cation2serves as a model of the product and end point of the PES scan. The pseudoreaction pathway is studied using geometric, energetic, spectroscopic, molecular‐orbital, and topological real‐space bonding indicators. It becomes evident that it is crucial to combine such methods to understand the pseudoreaction because they reveal different aspects based on different sensitivity to dispersive, electrostatic, and polar‐covalent contributions to bonding, as shown by the reduced density gradient analysis. For example, atoms‐in‐molecules theory describes a late topological catastrophe, whereas the electron localizability indicator describes an early concerted reaction and natural resonance theory describes a more gradual change of properties. This case study encourages the use of a well‐balanced toolbox equipped with complementary methods to emphasize different aspects of bonding.