bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compact and wideband multiport plasmonic coupler–splitter based on coding metamaterials
Authors: Yu Shuai , Liu Zunwei , Dai Jian , Zhang Tian , Xu Kun
Published: August 2023

We propose plasmonic coupler–splitters based on embedded coding metamaterials. The fundamental transverse electric mode in a silicon waveguide is coupled to the surface plasmon polariton mode in plasmonic waveguides with high efficiency of nearly 95% and wide bandwidth of 1.45–1.65 µm, and then light is split into different output ports. To improve the performance of the devices, a multi-objective optimization scheme based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II assisted by the direct-binary search method is applied in the design of coding metamaterials. The simulated results exhibit that utilizing our inverse design scheme, the plasmonic coupler–splitter can perform effective plasmonic coupling (total coupling efficiencies of more than 92%) and high-quality power splitting with various split ratios (split ratio errors lower than 1%) and output directions at a broad bandwidth (1.45–1.65 µm) simultaneously. The function of the frequency split can also be implemented in the same universal basic scheme. In comparison to previous works, we not only propose flexible coupler–splitter designs for various functions based on a universal design scheme, but also introduce effective algorithms for the inverse design of optical devices based on coding metamaterials.
Full C-band covered and DWDM channelized high channel-count all-fiber orbital-angular-momentum mode generator based on the fiber gratings
Authors: Meng Zhang , Mochzuki Naruya , Oiwa Shiryu , Zhao Hua , Wang Peng , Zhu Chengliang , Li Hongpu
Published: August 2023

To generate the orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) modes at multiple wavelengths, which exactly fit with the dense-wavelength-division-multiplex (DWDM) channel grids, is important to the DWDM-based OAM mode-division-multiplex (MDM) fiber communication system. In this study, a full C-band covered and DWDM channelized OAM mode generator is firstly proposed and experimentally demonstrated, which is realized especially by using a broadband helical long-period fiber grating (HLPG) combined with a phase-only sampled multichannel fiber Bragg grating (MFBG). As a proof-of-concept example, the DWDM channelized two complementary 51-channel OAM mode generators have been successfully demonstrated, each of which has a channel spacing of 100 GHz (∼0.8 nm), an effective bandwidth of ∼40 nm, a high azimuthal-mode conversion efficiency of 90%, and high uniformities in both inter- and intra-channel spectra as well. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time for proposal and experimental demonstration of such a high channel-count and DWDM channelized first-order OAM mode (l = 1) generator, which can also be used for multichannel higher-order OAM mode generation as long as the utilized HLPG is capable of generating a broadband higher-order OAM mode. The proposed device has potential applications to DWDM-based OAM fiber communications, OAM comb lasers, OAM holography, and OAM sensors as well.
Design of off-axis aspheric four-mirror non-axial mechanical zoom optical system with large relative aperture
Authors: Cao Jiajing , Chang Jun , Wang Wenxi , Lai Xiaoxiao , Li Dongmei , Wang Lingjie
Published: August 2023

A large relative aperture is essential to improve the spatial resolution of zoom systems. To overcome the limitations of the existing off-axis reflective mechanical zoom system with a low zoom rate and a small relative aperture, this paper proposes a non-axis movement method for increasing the degrees of freedom. On the basis of nodal aberration theory, passive eccentricity is changed into active eccentricity to achieve wave aberration balance in the multiple structures of the zoom imaging system. An off-axis aspherical four-mirror non-axial mechanical zoom optical system is designed and fabricated. The prototype has been successfully processed and assembled with the help of computer-aided alignment technology. The prototype’s F-number is 4 and zoom ratio is 4.57:1. Experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
On-chip multi-beam frequency shifter through sideband separation
Authors: Dieussaert Emiel , Baets Roel , Li Yanlu
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we introduce a novel method to realize a multi-beam optical frequency shifting component for photonic integrated circuits, utilizing an array of parallel optical modulators and a free-propagation region (FPR), such as a slab waveguide-based star coupler. This component generates multiple optical beams with different frequency shifts, making it suitable for various systems, such as multi-beam laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV). We thoroughly elaborate on the working principle of the component through theoretical analysis and demonstrate that by applying periodic wave-like modulation in the modulator array, the discrete harmonic content of the light can be selectively directed to different outputs based on the delay between consecutive modulators. A design comprising a 16-element modulator array and 5 outputs will be presented. Simulations show that this design can generate and collect 5 different harmonics (−2, −1, 0, +1, +2) in the different outputs with a side band suppression ratio of 20 dB to 30 dB for each output. Our proposed design is just one possibility and the component can be modified and optimized for specific applications.
Lmo4 synergizes with Fezf2 to promote direct in vivo reprogramming of upper layer cortical neurons and cortical glia towards deep-layer neuron identities
Authors: Felske Torsten , Tocco Chiara , Péron Sophie , Harb Kawssar , Alfano Christian , Galante Chiara , Berninger Benedikt , Studer Michèle
Published: August 2023

In vivo direct neuronal reprogramming relies on the implementation of an exogenous transcriptional program allowing to achieve conversion of a particular neuronal or glial cell type towards a new identity. The transcription factor (TF) Fezf2 is known for its role in neuronal subtype specification of deep-layer (DL) subcortical projection neurons. High ectopic Fezf2 expression in mice can convert both upper-layer (UL) and striatal projection neurons into a corticofugal fate, even if at low efficiency. In this study, we show that Fezf2 synergizes with the nuclear co-adaptor Lmo4 to further enhance reprogramming of UL cortical pyramidal neurons into DL corticofugal neurons, at both embryonic and early postnatal stages. Reprogrammed neurons express DL molecular markers and project toward subcerebral targets, including thalamus, cerebral peduncle (CP), and spinal cord (SC). We also show that co-expression of Fezf2 with the reprogramming factors Neurog2 and Bcl2 in early postnatal mouse glia promotes glia-to-neuron conversion with partial hallmarks of DL neurons and with Lmo4 promoting further morphological complexity. These data support a novel role for Lmo4 in synergizing with Fezf2 during direct lineage conversion in vivo.
Multiple anthropometric measures and proarrhythmic 12-lead ECG indices: A mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ardissino Maddalena , Patel Kiran Haresh Kumar , Rayes Bilal , Reddy Rohin K. , Mellor Greg J. , Ng Fu Siong
Published: August 2023

Background

Observational studies suggest that electrocardiogram (ECG) indices might be influenced by obesity and other anthropometric measures, though it is difficult to infer causal relationships based on observational data due to risk of residual confounding. We utilized mendelian randomization (MR) to explore causal relevance of multiple anthropometric measures on P-wave duration (PWD), PR interval, QRS duration, and corrected QT interval (QTc).

Methods and findings

Uncorrelated (r2 < 0.001) genome-wide significant (p < 5 × 10−8) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were extracted from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on body mass index (BMI, n = 806,834), waist:hip ratio adjusted for BMI (aWHR, n = 697,734), height (n = 709,594), weight (n = 360,116), fat mass (n = 354,224), and fat-free mass (n = 354,808). Genetic association estimates for the outcomes were extracted from GWAS on PR interval and QRS duration (n = 180,574), PWD (n = 44,456), and QTc (n = 84,630). Data source GWAS studies were performed between 2018 and 2022 in predominantly European ancestry individuals. Inverse-variance weighted MR was used for primary analysis; weighted median MR and MR-Egger were used as sensitivity analyses. Higher genetically predicted BMI was associated with longer PWD (β 5.58; 95%CI [3.66,7.50]; p = < 0.001), as was higher fat mass (β 6.62; 95%CI [4.63,8.62]; p < 0.001), fat-free mass (β 9.16; 95%CI [6.85,11.47]; p < 0.001) height (β 4.23; 95%CI [3.16, 5.31]; p < 0.001), and weight (β 8.08; 95%CI [6.19,9.96]; p < 0.001). Finally, genetically predicted BMI was associated with longer QTc (β 3.53; 95%CI [2.63,4.43]; p < 0.001), driven by both fat mass (β 3.65; 95%CI [2.73,4.57]; p < 0.001) and fat-free mass (β 2.08; 95%CI [0.85,3.31]; p = 0.001). Additionally, genetically predicted height (β 0.98; 95%CI [0.46,1.50]; p < 0.001), weight (β 3.45; 95%CI [2.54,4.36]; p < 0.001), and aWHR (β 1.92; 95%CI [0.87,2.97]; p = < 0.001) were all associated with longer QTc. The key limitation is that due to insufficient power, we were not able to explore whether a single anthropometric measure is the primary driver of the associations observed.

Conclusions

The results of this study support a causal role of BMI on multiple ECG indices that have previously been associated with atrial and ventricular arrhythmic risk. Importantly, the results identify a role of both fat mass, fat-free mass, and height in this association.
First description of the male genitalia in a short-tailed whipscorpion (Arachnida: Schizomida), description of the female, and comments on pygidial glands and cuticular ultrastructure of Surazomus algodoal Ruiz & Valente, 2017
Authors: Ruiz Gustavo R. S. , Valente Roberta M.
Published: August 2023

The male genitalia of Surazomus algodoal Ruiz & Valente, 2017 are described. Since this is the first attempt to describe male genitalia in the schizomids, we propose new terminology to describe the sclerites of the male genital chamber in the order. We believe that the male genitalia may provide a large set of characters for taxonomic research in schizomids, as the female genitalia have proven to do. The setae and other cuticular structures were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The female of S. algodoal is described for the first time, including the genitalia, and we highlight the sexual dimorphism present in the species. We also present descriptions of: 1) microtrichia, with respect to their presence/length/distribution, 2) cuticular sensilla, glandular openings and other cuticular structures, proposing new terminology, 3) setae of the pedipalpal trochanter and tarsus. Some changes on the terminology of setae of pedipalpal tibia are also given. These advances may be useful for description in other schizomids. The pygidial glands, mostly ignored in modern papers, were assessed and commented upon.
Correlation between cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of polystyrene micro/nanoplastics in HeLa cells: A size-dependent matter
Authors: Ruan Yiming , Zhong Zheng , Liu Xin , Li Ziwei , Li Junxian , Sun Lili , Sen Hou
Published: August 2023

The cytotoxicity of micro/nanoplastics (MNPs) is known to be strongly influenced by particle size, but the mechanism is not clear so far. We reported the ability of polystyrene MNPs to be internalized by HeLa cells could be a reason for the size dependent cytotoxicity of MNPs. We found that small MNPs (10 nm and 15 nm in radius) could be efficiently internalized by HeLa cells, MNPs of 25 nm in radius could be slightly internalized by the cells, and larger MNPs could not enter the cells at all. We showed that only MNPs, which could be internalized by cells, had a toxic effect on cell activity in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, MNPs, which could not be internalized by cells, showed no cytotoxicity even if at extremely high concentrations. We attributed the correlation between the size-dependent uptake of MNPs and the size-dependent cytotoxicity of MNPs to the enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and abnormal gene expression. Our study pointed out that cellular uptake is one of the most fundamental mechanisms for the cytotoxicity of MNPs.
Morfologia de diásporos e plântulas de Livistona chinensis (Jack.) R. Br. ex. Mart. (Arecaceae)
Authors: Souza Antonio Maricélio Borges de , Nogueira Marina Romano , Ferraz Marcos Vieira , Kobori Nilce Naomi , Môro Fabíola Vitti , Pivetta Kathia Fernandes Lopes
Published: August 2023

O conhecimento das estruturas anatômicas da semente e do embrião podem contribuir para a compreensão do processo germinativo e na interpretação de testes de germinação e vigor. Dessa forma, objetivou-se descrever morfologicamente os diásporos (sementes com o endocarpo aderido) e plântulas de Livistona chinensis. Foram coletados dados dos parâmetros biométricos dos diásporos (largura, comprimento, peso de mil diásporos e número de diásporos kg-1), bem como foram realizadas mensurações do teor de água destes. Foram semeados 100 diásporos em bandejas de plástico contendo como substrato a vermiculita®. Para a descrição da morfologia do diásporo e do crescimento inicial da plântula, as avaliações foram realizadas acompanhando o processo germinativo, a partir da primeira semana, em cada estádio de desenvolvimento, até a emissão do primeiro eófilo. As descrições morfológicas foram baseadas em terminologia específica e esquematizados com auxílio de câmara clara acoplada ao estereomicroscópio. A germinação é caracterizada como sendo do tipo remota tubular. Os diásporos apresentam forma oval e as sementes são albuminosas, com endosperma rígido, embrião lateral periférico, cônico e pouco diferenciado. A primeira folha é simples e lanceolada, nervação paralela, composta por nervuras largas, dispostas longitudinalmente.
Qualidade de uvas cv rubi revestidas com gel de Aloe vera L. na pré-colheita
Authors: Kruger Carvalho Eing Karoline , Márcia Duarte Rios Faria Cacilda , Maia Aline José , Garcia Carla , CARVALHO FELIPE , Vasconcelos Botelho Renato
Published: August 2023

Uma das tecnologias que vem sendo estudada para a manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de frutos é o uso de revestimentos comestíveis, que podem funcionar como uma barreira para a perda de água, alterar as trocas gasosas, além de conferir uma boa aparência ao fruto. Um dos revestimentos que vem sendo testado para esta finalidade é o Gel de Aloe vera, sendo um produto bastante rico em polissacarídeos. Neste contexto, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação pré-colheita de gel de A. vera na qualidade pós-colheita de uvas cv. Rubi.  Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: gel de A. vera nas doses de 100, 200, 300 mL L-1, quitosana (160 g L-1), e a testemunha (água destilada). Foram avaliadas as seguintes características pós-colheita: acidez titulável (AT), sólidos solúveis (SS), relação SS/AT, índices de coloração (Luminosidade, Hue e Croma) e teor de antocianinas. Observou-se que os revestimentos com gel de Aloe vera L. melhoraram a qualidade pós-colheita das uvas cv. Rubi, tendo reduzido a acidez titulável e aumentado a relação SS/AT, além da melhoria dos índices de coloração. Também aumentou o conteúdo de antocianinas, sendo recomendado o uso gel de Aloe vera para revestir uvas cv.
Exigências térmicas e estimativas do número de folhas de Annona squamosa L. em condições de sombreamento
Authors: Gomes Angelica Alves , Debastiani Matheus Marangon , Pizzatto Mariana , Silva Andréa Carvalho da , Souza Adilson Pacheco de
Published: August 2023

Objetivou-se obter as exigências térmicas e a emissão de folhas de Annona squamosa L., em diferentes condições de sombreamento, nas estações seca e chuvosa da região (entre 05/2020 e 02/2021) de transição Cerrado-Amazônia de Mato Grosso. As mudas foram produzidas sob pleno sol (referência) e telas poliolefinas pretas de 35, 50, 65 e 80% de atenuação da radiação global. As temperaturas basais foram determinadas pelo método do menor desvio-padrão e a soma térmica acumulada estimada pelo método de Ometto; as relações entre o número de folhas e a soma térmica foram obtidas pelo método do filocrono e de Wang e Engel. As temperaturas basais máxima e mínima de Annona squamosa L. foram de 38 e 11°C, respectivamente. A soma térmica acumulada apresentou pequena variação entre as condições de sombreamento e estação hídrica, gerando médias de 1744±44 e 4434±118 graus dias, aos 113 e 260 dias após o transplantio (DAT), correspondentes aos finais das estações seca e chuvosa, respectivamente. A exigência térmica para emissão de folhas apresentou variação entre ambientes, com maiores filocronos em pleno sol e 80% de sombreamento (109,8 °C dia-1 folha-1) e menores em 50% de sombreamento (91,74 °C dia-1 folha-1). O método do filocrono apresentou maior eficiência na estimativa do surgimento de folhas quando comparado com o método de Wang e Engel. A produção de mudas de Annona squamosa L. sob sombreamento de 50% é a mais recomendada, promovendo maior acúmulo de graus-dia e menor filocrono para surgimento de uma folha.
Práticas de educadores de língua portuguesa para refugiados
Authors: Viriato Evelyn , Andrade Maria de Fátima Ramos de
Published: August 2023

O objetivo do presente texto foi investigar a base de conhecimentos do educador voluntário no ensino de língua portuguesa no processo de acolhimento dos refugiados/imigrantes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho descritivo-analítico. O processo de análise culminou na criação de três eixos de análise: a) a escolha profissional, o papel do educador voluntário e as concepções de acolhimento; b) a base de conhecimento, aprendizagem da docência e a desconstrução das crenças e c) a proposta institucional de formação de educadores de língua portuguesa para refugiados/imigrantes. Concluímos que, apesar da carência de formação adequada, há grande motivação por parte dos educadores em oferecer aulas de qualidade. Há um alinhamento entre os voluntários e a missão e visão da organização. A instituição demonstra preocupação na formação de seus colaboradores, e suas ações diante da equipe são realizadas por uma necessidade prática que surge a partir das demandas rotineiras das aulas.
Impact of Employee Competence and Behaviour on Banking Customer Trust: Empirical Study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhazemi Abdulrahm A.
Published: August 2023

The main purpose of the study was to find out the impact of employee competence and employee behaviour on banking customers’ attitude towards banking and trust in the banking system. 300 responses were collected from banking customers by administering structured questionnaire developed for the purpose and translated into arabic language. The results of the study showed that employee competence positive relationship with employee behaviour, and customer attitudes, however it has no significant relationship with the banking customer trust. Employee behaviour has statistically significant relationship with attitude and trust. Customer’s attitude influence trust of the banking customer. The study makes significant contribution to the literature. The findings of the study are important for the banks to improve and enhance banking customer’s attitudes and trust through employee competence and behaviour.
English as a Second language in 350 YouTube Videos: A Big Data Analysis
Authors: Kang Namkil
Published: August 2023

The ultimate goal of this paper is to provide an in-depth analysis of 350 YouTube videos broadcasted about English as a second language. A point to note is that one noun obtains the highest frequency (1,439 tokens) in 350 YouTube videos. A further point to note is that topic 9 was the most occurred one, followed by topic 7, topic 10, and topic 16, in descending order. A major point of this paper is that the keyword English is the most important and pivotal in the word cloud of 350 YouTube videos, followed by the keyword language, and the keyword person, in that order. When it comes to the use of core keywords, the keyword English was the most frequently used in 350 YouTube videos, followed by the keyword language, the keyword video, the keyword paper, and the keyword com, in that order. This paper also argues that the keyword English obtains the highest centrality and frequency and the keyword language follows. When it comes to the keyword SSLC, its centrality is high (the third highest), but its frequency is relatively low. The so-called frequency and centrality both refer to the degree of the importance of words, but they are different in that the former refers to the use of words, whereas the latter refers to the importance, prominence, prestige, influence, and reputation of words.
LMSFC: A Novel Multidimensional Index Based on Learned Monotonic Space Filling Curves
Authors: Gao Jian , Cao Xin , Yao Xin , Zhang Gong , Wang Wei
Published: August 2023

The recently proposed learned indexes have attracted much attention as they can adapt to the actual data and query distributions to attain better search efficiency. Based on this technique, several existing works build up indexes for multi-dimensional data and achieve improved query performance. A common paradigm of these works is to (i) map multi-dimensional data points to a one-dimensional space using a fixed space-filling curve (SFC) or its variant and (ii) then apply the learned indexing techniques. We notice that the first step typically uses a fixed SFC method, such as row-major order and
z
-order. It definitely limits the potential of learned multi-dimensional indexes to adapt variable data distributions via different query workloads.

In this paper, we propose a novel idea of learning a space-filling curve that is carefully designed and actively optimized for efficient query processing. We also identify innovative offline and online optimization opportunities common to SFC-based learned indexes and offer optimal and/or heuristic solutions. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method, LMSFC, outperforms state-of-the-art non-learned or learned methods across three commonly used real-world datasets and diverse experimental settings.
Another Way Forward: Comments on Ohlson’s Critique of Empirical Accounting Research
Authors: Breuer Matthias
Published: August 2023

Ohlson (2025. Empirical accounting seminars: Elephants in the room. Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium 15, 1–8) laments that the evidentiary quality of empirical accounting research is low due to inappropriate methods and practices, leaving seminar attendees and readers unpersuaded by presented or published articles. He suggests that the norms of the profession prevent a public recognition and discussion of those issues, thereby sustaining the poor state of empirical accounting research. I agree that some current empirical approaches and norms seem to hamper progress toward more convincing research. I provide a practical suggestion to possibly improve the state of empirical accounting research. I caution though that even with better methods and more honest research practices, we should not expect that any individual research article can provide conclusive answers to important accounting questions. Such progress in knowledge requires a body of high-quality and independent research.
A workflow towards a strongly typed AutomationML API
Authors: Mersch Tina , Schleipen Miriam
Published: August 2023

Over the lifecycle of a production plant digitalization leads to a large data footprint along different software (SW) components. A digital data exchange is the fundament to support data integrity, prevent data loss and avoid duplicate work. AutomationML (AML) is a commonly accepted tool-independent format to exchange data of different domains along the lifecycle of a production plant. This contribution provides an easy-to-use workflow that empowers SW components to transform AML into a strongly typed class hierarchy which is the basis for an efficient and maintainable SW solution.
Effect of periostin on bone metabolic and autophagy factors during tooth eruption in mice
Authors: Qin Han , Cai Jun
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effect of periostin (PN) on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3B (LC3B), and Beclin1 in mouse alveolar bone specimens and cultured osteoblasts in vitro, to preliminarily explore the role of PN and autophagy in remodeling bone metabolism during tooth eruption. Mice at 5 days of age were injected with 75 ng/mL recombinant PN protein under the periosteum for 3 consecutive days according to the standard of 1 mL/100 g/day. Then, their mandibles were removed, and the expression of bone metabolic and autophagy factors was detected by immunohistochemistry. Mouse osteoblast-like cells cultured in vitro were treated with recombinant PN at a concentration of 75 ng/mL. The changes in the aforementioned indicators were compared again by immunofluorescence and western blotting 72 h after dosing. The results of the mouse samples showed that the protein expression of RANKL, LC3B, and Beclin1 decreased, accompanied by the decrease in RANKL/OPG ratio. However, OPG protein expression increased in the dosing group. Immunofluorescence and western blotting results of osteoblasts cultured in vitro showed that the protein expression of RANKL, LC3B, Beclin1, and the RANKL/OPG ratio in the experimental group decreased, but OPG expression increased. PN may regulate alveolar bone metabolism during tooth eruption by inhibiting the RANKL/OPG ratio and autophagy, which will provide a new research perspective for further exploration of the mechanisms during tooth eruption.
Exploring temperature-resilient recycled aggregate concrete with waste rubber: An experimental and multi-objective optimization analysis
Authors: Tang Yunchao , Wang Yufei , Wu Dongxiao , Chen Mengcheng , Pang Lan , Sun Junbo , Feng Wanhui , Wang Xiangyu
Published: August 2023

For low-carbon sustainability, recycled rubber particles (RPs) and recycled aggregate (RA) could be used to make rubber-modified recycled aggregate concrete (RRAC). The characteristics (compressive strength and peak strain) of RRAC with various amounts of RA and RPs after heating at various temperatures were studied in this work. The results show that high temperatures significantly decreased the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), whereas the addition of RA (e.g., 50%) and RPs (e.g., 5%) can mitigate the negative effect caused by high temperatures. The peak strain can also be improved by increasing the replacement ratios of RA and RP. Support vector regression (SVR) models were trained using a total of 120 groups of UCS and peak strain experimental datasets, and an SVR-based multi-objective optimization model was proposed. The excellent correlation coefficients (0.9772 for UCS and 0.9412 for peak strain) found to illustrate the remarkable accuracy of the SVR models. The Pareto fronts of a tri-objective mixture optimization design (UCS, strain, and cost) were successfully generated as the decision reference at varying temperature conditions. A sensitivity analysis was performed to rank the importance of the input variables where temperature was found as the most important one. In addition, the replacement ratio of RA is more important compared with that of the RP for both the UCS and strain datasets. Among the mechanical properties of concrete, compressive strength and peak strain are two key properties. This study provides guidance for the study of RRAC constitutive models under high temperatures.
Multicontinuum homogenization for Richards’ equation: The derivation and numerical experiments
Authors: Ammosov Dmitry , Stepanov Sergei , Spiridonov Denis , Li Wenyuan
Published: August 2023

In the present paper, the authors rigorously derive Richards’ multicontinuum model using the multicontinuum homogenization approach. This approach is based on formulating constraint cell problems and a homogenization-like expansion. We present numerical results for the two continua case with separable coefficients. First, we explore the relationships between the effective coefficients and the hydraulic conductivity. Then, we solve test problems with different contrasts to study the developed multicontinuum model.
Injecting climate finance into SME lending in Germany: Opportunities for and limitations of regional savings and cooperative banks
Authors: Flögel Franz , Schepelmann Philipp , Zademach Hans-Martin , Zörner Michael
Published: August 2023

Although small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) contribute considerably to Germany’s carbon emissions, regional savings and cooperative banks − SMEs’ most important financiers − hardly consider this aspect in lending to these businesses. However, given Germany’s commitment to climate neutrality by 2045, suitable approaches for injecting climate finance into these SME lending processes are greatly required. Against this background, the paper at hand aims to introduce the specific case of regional banks into the debate on green finance and green banking and suggest future research in this context. In discussing the state of research on the peculiarities of regional savings and cooperative banks, we outline the resulting opportunities and limitations for climate impact assessments in SME lending. We argue that while the dual bottom-line orientation of regional banks in Germany precludes them from applying simple positive or negative screenings, their in-depth knowledge about local clients and circumstances enables them to be active and engaging partners for the green transformation of SMEs. Nonetheless, we explain why developing solutions to utilise this knowledge for climate finance by integrating climate impact assessments into routine lending processes remains a particularly challenging task.
Somatostatin-Expressing Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area Innervate Specific Forebrain Regions and Are Involved in Stress Response
Authors: Nagaeva Elina , Schäfer Annika , Linden Anni-Maija , Elsilä Lauri V. , Egorova Ksenia , Umemori Juzoh , Ryazantseva Maria , Korpi Esa R.
Published: August 2023

Expanding knowledge about the cellular composition of subcortical brain regions demonstrates large heterogeneity and differences from the cortical architecture. Previously we described three subtypes of somatostatin-expressing (Sst) neurons in the mouse ventral tegmental area (VTA) and showed their local inhibitory action on the neighboring dopaminergic neurons (Nagaeva et al., 2020). Here, we report that Sst+ neurons especially from the anterolateral part of the mouse VTA also project far outside the VTA and innervate forebrain regions that are mainly involved in the regulation of emotional behavior, including the ventral pallidum, lateral hypothalamus, the medial part of the central amygdala, anterolateral division of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, and paraventricular thalamic nucleus. Deletion of these VTASstneurons in mice affected several behaviors, such as home cage activity, sensitization of locomotor activity to morphine, fear conditioning responses, and reactions to the inescapable stress of forced swimming, often in a sex-dependent manner. Together, these data demonstrate that VTASstneurons have selective projection targets distinct from the main targets of VTA dopamine neurons. VTASstneurons are involved in the regulation of behaviors primarily associated with the stress response, making them a relevant addition to the efferent VTA pathways and stress-related neuronal network.
α4-Containing GABAAReceptors on DRD2 Neurons of the Nucleus Accumbens Mediate Instrumental Responding for Conditioned Reinforcers and Its Potentiation by Cocaine
Authors: Macpherson Tom , Dixon Claire I. , Robertson Jonathan , Sindarto Marsha M. , Janak Patricia H. , Belelli Delia , Lambert Jeremy J. , Stephens David N. , King Sarah L.
Published: August 2023

Extrasynaptic GABAAreceptors (GABAARs) composed of α4, β, and δ subunits mediate GABAergic tonic inhibition and are potential molecular targets in the modulation of behavioral responses to natural and drug rewards. These GABAARs are highly expressed within the nucleus accumbens (NAc), where they influence the excitability of the medium spiny neurons. Here, we explore their role in modulating behavioral responses to food-conditioned cues and the behavior-potentiating effects of cocaine. α4-Subunit constitutive knock-out mice (α4−/−) showed higher rates of instrumental responding for reward-paired stimuli in a test of conditioned reinforcement (CRf). A similar effect was seen following viral knockdown of GABAAR α4 subunits within the NAc. Local infusion of the α4βδ-GABAAR-preferring agonist THIP (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol; Gaboxadol) into the NAc had no effect on responding when given alone but reduced cocaine potentiation of responding for conditioned reinforcers in wild-type, but not α4−/−mice. Finally, specific deletion of α4-subunits from dopamine D2, but not D1, receptor-expressing neurons (DRD2 and DRD1 neurons), mimicked the phenotype of the constitutive knockout, potentiating CRf responding, and blocking intra-accumbal THIP attenuation of cocaine-potentiated CRf responding. These data demonstrate that α4-GABAAR-mediated inhibition of DRD2 neurons reduces instrumental responding for a conditioned reinforcer and its potentiation by cocaine and emphasize the importance of GABAergic signaling within the NAc in mediating the effects of cocaine.
The circumpolar impacts of climate change and anthropogenic stressors on Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and its ecosystem
Authors: Geoffroy Maxime , Bouchard Caroline , Flores Hauke , Robert Dominique , Gjøsæter Harald , Hoover Carie , Hop Haakon , Hussey Nigel E. , Nahrgang Jasmine , Steiner Nadja , Bender Morgan , Berge Jørgen , Castellani Giulia , Chernova Natalia , Copeman Louise , David Carmen L. , Deary Alison , Divoky George , Dolgov Andrey V. , Duffy-Anderson Janet , Dupont Nicolas , Durant Joël M. , Elliott Kyle , Gauthier Stéphane , Goldstein Esther D. , Gradinger Rolf , Hedges Kevin , Herbig Jennifer , Laurel Ben , Loseto Lisa , Maes Sarah , Mark Felix C. , Mosbech Anders , Pedro Sara , Pettitt-Wade Harri , Prokopchuk Irina , Renaud Paul E. , Schembri Sarah , Vestfals Cathleen , Walkusz Wojciech
Published: August 2023

Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) is the most abundant forage fish in the Arctic Ocean. Here we review Arctic cod habitats, distribution, ecology, and physiology to assess how climate change and other anthropogenic stressors are affecting this key species. This review identifies vulnerabilities for different life stages across the entire distribution range of Arctic cod. We explore the impact of environmental (abiotic and biotic) and anthropogenic stressors on Arctic cod with a regional perspective in a scenario up to the year 2050 and identify knowledge gaps constraining predictions. Epipelagic eggs and larvae are more vulnerable to climate change and stressors than adults. Increased water temperatures, sea-ice decline, altered freshwater input, acidification, changing prey field, increased interspecific competition, new predators, and pollution are the principal stressors that will affect Arctic cod populations. Detrimental effects are likely to be greater in regions characterized by the advection of warmer Atlantic and Pacific waters. In contrast, Arctic cod may benefit from ocean warming in colder areas of the High Arctic. The risk from fisheries is moderate and primarily limited to bycatch. Overall, a decrease in suitable habitat and an associated decline in total Arctic cod biomass are predicted. In most Arctic seas, the relative abundance of Arctic cod within the fish community will likely fluctuate in accordance with cold and warm periods. A reduced abundance of Arctic cod will negatively affect the abundance, distribution, and physiological condition of certain predators, whereas some predators will successfully adapt to a more boreal diet. Regional management measures that recognize the critical role of Arctic cod are required to ensure that increased anthropogenic activities do not exacerbate the impacts of climate change on Arctic marine ecosystems. Ultimately, the mitigation of habitat loss for Arctic cod will only be achieved through a global reduction in carbon emissions.
A dual role for the chromatin reader ORCA/LRWD1 in targeting the origin recognition complex to chromatin
Authors: Sahu Sumon , Ekundayo Babatunde E , Kumar Ashish , Bleichert Franziska
Published: August 2023

Eukaryotic cells use chromatin marks to regulate the initiation of DNA replication. The origin recognition complex (ORC)‐associated protein ORCA plays a critical role in heterochromatin replication in mammalian cells by recruiting the initiator ORC, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report crystal and cryo‐electron microscopy structures of ORCA in complex with ORC's Orc2 subunit and nucleosomes, establishing that ORCA orchestrates ternary complex assembly by simultaneously recognizing a highly conserved peptide sequence in Orc2, nucleosomal DNA, and repressive histone trimethylation marks through an aromatic cage. Unexpectedly, binding of ORCA to nucleosomes prevents chromatin array compaction in a manner that relies on H4K20 trimethylation, a histone modification critical for heterochromatin replication. We further show that ORCA is necessary and sufficient to specifically recruit ORC into chromatin condensates marked by H4K20 trimethylation, providing a paradigm for studying replication initiation in specific chromatin contexts. Collectively, our findings support a model in which ORCA not only serves as a platform for ORC recruitment to nucleosomes bearing specific histone marks but also helps establish a local chromatin environment conducive to subsequent MCM2‐7 loading.
“Нам балюча, а значыць – мы ёсць”: пратэстная лірыка Насты Кудасавай (2020–2021 гг.)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Espinosa Ruiz Angela
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of poetry and poets within the ongoing Belarusian 2020 revolutionary protests through the prominent example of Nasta Kudasava’s protest poems written between August 2020 and April 2021. In order to carry out the aforementioned analysis, we contextualize the concept of protest poetry within literary history in general and Belarusian language history in particular and also examine several extracts from Kudasava’s poetry (both pre- and post -2020) from a technical, lyrical, and problematical point of view. Our findings concerning the poet’s images, rhetorical figures, and formal patterns of choice, as well as the changes that her treatment of social and political issues has undergone over the latest years, have revealed the evolution of new tendencies within her works (specifically, of socially engaged poetry which was not significantly present in her texts before). This fact confirms our hypotheses that socio-political changes directly affect the development of literature and poetry in particular, while poets take on the role of society’s spokespeople through their art.
Ukraińskie książki dla dzieci. Edycje polskie – II poł. XX wieku (przegląd)
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Wojciechowski Paweł
Published: August 2023

The text brings up editions of Ukrainian children’s books present in Poland during the 1980s. A review of the edition by publisher “Veselka” of Kyiv reminds us about children’s books authors, as well as translators and illustrators of picture books. The presented collection of publishers reveals a complex image of books addressed to young readers, as well as their unique selling point – illustrations.
Analyzing Teaching Needs to Develop Digital Technology Innovation for Learning Process during the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Mardiana Harisa
Published: August 2023

This research examines the use of digital technology as an intervention plan for teaching during the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia. It assesses the readiness and preparedness of 103 social science lecturers from universities in Tangerang Kota to use digital technology for teaching during the pandemic. Many lecturers were reluctant to improve their abilities and skills in digital technology, and some found it challenging. The study used a quantitative and semi-structured qualitative method to analyze the application of technology and investigate lecturers' abilities and skills in using digital technology during the outbreak. The result revealed that 69 respondents were capable and skilled in developing technological innovation. The remaining 34 respondents faced difficulties and were advised to relearn the development of innovative technology for 21st-century learning. This research offers insights into the challenges and opportunities of using digital technology for teaching during a pandemic and highlights the importance of technological readiness.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi penggunaan teknologi digital sebagai rencana intervensi untuk mengajar selama pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menilai kesiapan dan persiapan 103 dosen ilmu sosial dari universitas di Tangerang Kota dalam menggunakan teknologi digital untuk mengajar selama pandemi. Banyak dosen yang enggan meningkatkan kemampuan dan keterampilan mereka dalam teknologi digital, dan beberapa dari mereka menganggapnya sulit. Studi ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan semi-terstruktur kualitatif untuk menganalisis penerapan teknologi dan menyelidiki kemampuan dan keterampilan dosen dalam menggunakan teknologi digital selama pandemi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa 69 responden mampu dan terampil dalam mengembangkan inovasi teknologi. Sementara 34 responden lainnya mengalami kesulitan dan disarankan untuk mempelajari kembali pengembangan teknologi inovatif untuk pembelajaran abad ke-21. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang tantangan dan peluang penggunaan teknologi digital untuk mengajar selama pandemi serta menyoroti pentingnya kesiapan teknologi.
Evaluation of Subclinical Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction By Global Longitudinal Strain Using 2D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Angina With Normal Epicardial Coronary Arteries
Authors: Hoque Mohammed Shahidul , Ahmed Chaudhury Meshkat , Osmany Din-E-Mujahid Mohammad Faruque , Sowdagar Mohammad Nizamul Hossain , Banerjee Sajal Krishna
Published: August 2023

Background: Global longitudinal strain (GLS), assessed by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE), may offer a valuable non-invasive method to assess subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction in patients with chest pain but normal epicardial coronary arteries. The primary objective of the study was to detect subclinical LV systolic dysfunction by GLS using 2D-STE in patients with angina with normal coronary arteries and conventional echocardiograms at baseline. Methods: This was a comparative case–control study that included patients with complaints of an ischaemic pattern of chest pain despite normal coronary arteries (cases) and healthy individuals (controls). Resting LV systolic function was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography and GLS using 2D-STE analysis. The results of all three planes in GLS (the apical four-chamber, two-chamber, and three-chamber views) were combined in a single ‘bull’s eye’ summary (agreeing with the standard 17-segment model), which presented the analysis of each segment along with a global peak systolic strain value for the LV. Results: The study included 120 participants (60 cases and 60 controls). The normal reference value of the mean GLS in the control group was −19.7 ± 1.84%. GLS assessed by 2D-STE was significantly impaired in patients with angina-like syndrome with normal epicardial coronary arteries (−18.78 ± 1.87 versus −19.7 ± 1.84%; p<0.007) compared with the control group despite preserved LV ejection fraction. In the case group, GLS reduced significantly in eight patients (13.3%) than control group. Conclusion: Patients with angina with normal epicardial coronary arteries are likely to have microvascular disease. GLS assessed by 2D-STE has the potential to improve the value of echocardiography in coronary microvascular disease detection. Despite normal LV ejection fraction, significant impairment of LV global longitudinal systolic function can differentiate a microvascular group of patients from others who have angina with normal coronaries.
Sobrevivencia in vitro de segmentos nodales de Cordia trichotoma
Authors: Díaz-Lezcano Maura Isabel , Duarte-Asilvera Angel Manuel , Gonzalez-Segnana Luis , Vera de Ortiz Mirtha Lucía
Published: August 2023

Introducción. El presente trabajo se llevó a cabo para evaluar segmentos de Cordia trichotoma en el Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay. Objetivo. Evaluar la sobrevivencia de segmentos nodales de Cordia trichotoma (peterevy) cultivados in vitro. Materiales y métodos. Fueron sembrados 80 segmentos nodales en medio Murashige y Skoog (MS) y medio de cultivo MS+CA 2 ml.l-1, distribuidos en unidades experimentales constituidas por 5 segmentos nodales por unidad experimental, expuestos a 4 tratamientos con 4 repeticiones cada uno. El diseño experimental utilizado fue completamente al azar y las variables evaluadas fueron la contaminación microbiana y oxidación fenólica para determinar la sobrevivencia de los segmentos. El análisis estadístico consistió en ANAVA con un nivel de significancia del 5% y la prueba de Chi cuadrado para el análisis de fidelidad. Resultados. Se registró una contaminación microbiana de hasta 20% de segmentos nodales, en tanto que la oxidación fenólica se mantuvo en un rango de 40 a 45%, como la mayor limitante. Conclusión. 30 días posteriores a la siembra, la sobrevivencia de los segmentos nodales fue entre 35 a 55%, se verificó que los segmentos con brotes y los segmentos indiferentes de brotación estaban libres de contaminación microbiana y oxidación fenólica, aunque no registraron diferencias estadísticas significativas.
Masonería y el mundo islámico
Authors: Sánchez Solano Esteban
Published: August 2023

La primera sección tiene como objetivo establecer el vínculo entre masonería e imperialismo, la segunda se aboca a profundizar sobre las transformaciones estructurales internas que sufre el Dar al-islam ante el desafío imperialista europeo, y finalmente en la tercera sección se analiza la manera en que la masonería buscó establecerse en el mundo islámico generando toda una reflexión sobre sus orígenes místicos y asociativos frente a los universos culturales islámicos que se consideraron similares a los de la masonería.
Some factors affecting the bioactive substances of lactogenic tea
Authors: Siripongvutikorn Sunisa , Kluabpet Chanisara , Anantapan Chaninat , Seechamnanturakit Vatcharee
Published: August 2023

This study aims to perform the phytochemical screening composition for galactagogue herbs and determining the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC). Terpenes, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, phenolics, and flavonoids were found in water extracts of banana inflorescence (Musa sapientum L), white holy basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum L.), rhizomes of Thai ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), and powdered lactogenic product. The results show that the TPC were greater than the TFC for all fresh parts of banana inflorescences. Following the M1 method, fresh banana floret gave the greatest TPC, superior to those with M2 or M3, while the TFC with M1 and M2 methods applied to banana floret was significantly greater than that of banana bracts or banana cores. After harvest and dehydration of the banana inflorescence, TPC and TFC after one-day storage were higher than those at five-days of storage. Meanwhile, TPC and TFC on both fresh and dehydrated white holy basil tended to decrease due to heat intolerance, deterioration, and brewing. In contrast, TPC and TFC of Thai ginger increased on dehydration. The maceration with press-shear force interaction (PAI) pretreatment, and with PAI combined with moist heat, strongly increase the bioactive contents. SEM imaging demonstrated that PAI with moist heat tended to enlarge the micro-pore volume and simultaneously increased pores, resulting in more adsorption of these compounds.