bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of crack behavior of continuously reinforced concrete pavements (CRCP) on three sections in Germany
Authors: Moharekpour Milad , Hoeller Stefan , Oeser Markus
Published: April 2022

The traffic volume and the amount of heavy traffic on German motorways increased steadily. To guarantee mobility and reduce the national economic costs, road construction with maximum service life, minimum maintenance and minimum traffic restrictions for maintenance are needed. Continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) are extremely durable in terms of use and maintenance. CRCP offer lower thickness, no transversal joints and the possibility to improve skid resistance and reduction of noise emissions through a thin asphalt surface. The performance of CRCP is influenced by a number of specific characteristics such as the thickness and the quality of the concrete, the longitudinal and transversal reinforcement, the base layer and the environmental conditions. These aspects influence the crack pattern, crack distance and crack widths. In Germany CRCP is in the stage of field testing. From 1997 to today, a total of 8 sections with many variations have been constructed. A detailed comparative study of these sections has been lacking. As part of a research project, the RWTH University and the German Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) are investigating these sections in CRCP with and without an asphalt surface in Germany and compare it to the Belgium standard constructions. Three CRCP sections were selected and evaluated throughout Germany. The aim is to evaluate the different designs in the sections in terms of their behavior, to quantify achievable service life, necessary maintenance and availability. From this, a preferred variant of the construction is designed and implemented on a motorway in Germany as part of a trial site.
SPECIFICATION PROPOSAL FOR FIBER-GLASS DOWELS FOR CONCRETE PAVEMENTS
Authors: Barragan Bryan , Gremel Doug
Published: April 2022

Since their appearance in the 1990's in North America, fiberglass dowels have been extensively tested at laboratory-scale and in real infrastructure projects, demonstrating to be a viable alternative capable of providing the necessary performance both in terms of load transfer capacity and corrosion resistance, the latter being its key value proposition. Today, fiberglass dowels are often a solution of choice in pavements where electromagnetic considerations, such as high-speed tolling are paramount. It is anticipated that with standardization, they will begin to replace ferrous reinforcing in traditional highway jointed paving where they are impervious to aggressive deicing salts or chlorides from marine environment and their lower modulus is beneficial to minimize concrete stresses in joints. Still, there is no material specification standard in the world but efforts to draft GFRP material standards are under way. This paper presents an overview of some successful fiberglass dowels' research projects and applications after more than 20 years of experience, and based on such, a material specification proposal for glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) dowels. Additionally, the work includes some basic parameters for the design and construction of slabs-on-ground with fiberglass dowels.
Reducing Airfield Rigid Pavement Modeling Complexity: An Exercise Using the Principles of Similarity
Authors: Bly Peter , Khazanovich Lev
Published: April 2022

Pavement design and evaluation analysis use mechanistic models to estimate pavement responses to applied loads. Finite element modeling is a common technique used to quickly and efficiently model rigid pavements that incorporate more complex phenomena that constructed, in-service slabs experience. While adding complexity increases the accuracy of the modeling when estimating pavement responses, significantly more computing effort is required. When combined with a cumulative-damage-based structural analysis, multiple model runs are needed to estimate damage over the number of incremental steps used. To bypass direct finite element modeling for multiple pavement systems, design methodologies such as the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide use artificial neural networks to store specific pavement response information for rapid recall as a type of non-linear regression made from pre-analyzed cases of a known set of input variables. These methodologies use the Principles of Similarity to reduce the complexity of modeling the pavement layering and environmental loads by considering a single reference pavement structure. Complexity can be reduced from 21 variables to nine key variables for modeling airfield pavements without introducing error and minimizing the total runs used. This paper provides a review of the Principles of Similarity and discusses how they are used to generate an efficient dataset for artificial neural network development. Examples showing how a single representative pavement system can yield proportional and scalable responses to numerous equivalent pavement systems are provided to illustrate the power of the Principles of Similarity in reducing modeling complexity and computational demands for higher-level pavement analysis efforts.
KREDİ AÇMA SÖZLEŞMESİNE İLİŞKİN KEFALETTEN DÖNME VE DÖNMENİN HUKUKİ SONUÇLARI
Authors: ÇELİK Yiğit
Published: April 2022

1.7.2012 tarihinde yürürlüğe giren TBK ile kefalet sözleşmesinde önemli değişiklikler yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda yapılan değişikliklerden biri, kanun koyucunun 818 sayılı Borçlar Kanunu’nda yer vermediği bir kurum olan kefaletten dönmedir. Türk Borçlar Kanunu m. 599’da düzenlenen ilgili hükme göre, gelecekte doğacak bir borca kefil olunduğu takdirde, borcun doğmamış olması ve belirli bazı şartların gerçekleşmesiyle birlikte kefil, kefalet sözleşmesini tek taraflı olarak sona erdirebilir.
Kefaletten dönme kurumu, özellikle kredi açma sözleşmeleri bakımından önem arz eder. Zira bankalar, müşterileri ile kredi açma sözleşmesi akdetmeden önce birtakım teminatlar talep etmektedirler. Bu durumda şahsi nitelikte bir teminat olan “kefalet sözleşmesi” ile kredi açma sözleşmesine güvence sağlanması olası bir durumdur. Çalışmamız kapsamında, kredi açma sözleşmesine ilişkin verilen kefaletten dönme hakkı ve dönmenin hukuki sonuçları incelenmiştir.
PARİS ANLAŞMASI SONRASINDA "ÇED KAPSAM DIŞI DEĞERLENDİRME " KARARLARI VE ÇEVRESEL KOLLUK FAALİYETLERİNİN İKLİM HUKUKU AÇISINDAN NİTELİĞİ
Authors: ÖZKAYA ÖZLÜER Ilgın
Published: April 2022

Çevre hukukunun, sanayi toplumunun ortaya koyduğu riskleri hukuki belirlilik ilkesi içinde tanımlanmasının ve bunu çevre hakkı kapsamında değerlendirilmesinin 50 yılı aşan tarihinde geliştiğini söylemek mümkündür. Bu zaman zarfında çevre hukukunun küresel düzeyde aldığı yolu, hem normatif düzenlemelerin gücü hem de çevre politikalarının etkisiyle ölçebiliriz. Çevre hukukunun korumayı amaçladığı çevresel varlıkların sürdürülebilir korunması yaklaşımı, koruma ve kullanma dengesinin sağlanması biçimine dönüşse de değişmeyen temel ilke, sanayi yatırımlarına ait risklerin ‘hukuki belirlilik ilkesi’ içinde tanımlanmasıdır. Bu tanımlama, idare hukuku ölçütleri içinde ÇED mevzuatı ve bu doğrultuda gelişen uygulama pratikleriyle şekillenmiştir. Çevre Kanunu kapsamında, sanayi yatırımlarının yaratacağı bütünsel etki ve hukuki belirlilik bir arada düşünüldüğünde tüm yatırımların risk analiz sisteminin bir parçası olması gerektiği bu çalışmanın temasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu tema aynı zamanda, çevre hakkı ile korunan değerin, ÇED Yönetmeliği için de geçerli olacağı varsayımına dayalıdır. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle Çevre Kanunu ile korunan amaca bu çalışmada kısaca değinilerek, ÇED Yönetmeliğinin amacı dışına çıkan düzenleme ve uygulamaların, çevre hukukunun bütünlüğünü ortadan kaldıracak bir hukuk dizgesi yarattığı ortaya konulacaktır. Bu dizgenin süreklilik kazanması halinde de idare hukuku ile korunması arzulanan belirliliğin ve çevrenin korunması amacının gerçekleştirilmesinin söz konusu olamayacağı ileri sürülecektir.
ESER SÖZLEŞMESİNDE İKAME YOLUYLA İFAYA GİDİLMESİ HALİNDE MASRAFLARIN AVANS OLARAK TALEP EDİLEBİLİRLİĞİ
Authors: İMAMOĞLU Selma Hülya
Published: April 2022

İkame yoluyla ifa, borçlu tarafından ifa edilmeyen borcun alacaklı tarafından borçlunun yerine gerçekleştirilmesini ifade eder. Esas itibarıyla yapma borçları bakımından söz konusu olan ikame yoluyla ifa, eser sözleşmesinde TBK m. 473/II hükmünde düzenlenmiştir. Ancak eksik ve ayıplı işler bakımından bazı hallerde genel hüküm niteliğindeki TBK m. 113/I hükmünün uygulanması da söz konusu olabilir. Uygulanma şartları farklı olmakla birlikte, her iki hükme bağlanan hukuki sonuç aynıdır. Buna göre ikame yoluyla ifa, borçlunun hesabına gerçekleşir. Eser sözleşmesi yönünden bu durum, ikame yoluyla ifanın masraflarının borcunu ifa etmeyen yüklenici tarafından karşılanmasını ifade eder. Bu yönde ikame yoluyla ifaya giden işsahibi, ikame yoluyla ifa gerçekleştikten sonra ortaya çıkan masrafları yükleniciden talep edebilir. Ancak işsahibinin ikame yoluyla ifanın öncesinde masrafları avans olarak talep edebilip edemeyeceği hususunda ilgili hükümlerde açıklık yoktur. Bununla birlikte özellikle hakkaniyet düşüncesinden hareketle, borcunu ifa etmeyen yüklenici karşısında işsahibine masraf avansı talebi tanınmalıdır. Burada işsahibinin ikame yoluyla ifanın finansal yönden güvenceye alınmasındaki menfaati de göz önünde tutulmalıdır.
HAKİM ve SAVCILAR HAKKINDAKİ SUÇ SORUŞTURMA ve KOVUŞTURMALARINDA UYULACAK USUL ve ESASLAR
Authors: ARAS Bahattin
Published: April 2022

Anayasa’da ve Hakimler ve Savcılar Kanunu’nda hakimlerin ve savcıların görevleriyle ilgili veya görevleri sırasında işledikleri suçlar ile kişisel suçlarının soruşturulması ve kovuşturulması ile ilgili özel yetki ve görev düzenlemeleri belirlenmiştir. Bu düzenlemeler “mahkemelerin bağımsızlığı” ile “hakimlik ve savcılık teminatı” ilkelerinin bir gereğidir. Hâkim ve Cumhuriyet savcılarının işledikleri suçlara ilişkin; Hakimler ve Savcılar Kanun’un 82 ila 92. maddeleri arasında "görevden doğan veya görev sırasında işlenen suçlar", 93. maddesinde "kişisel suçlar" ve 94. maddesinde "ağır ceza mahkemesinin görevine giren suçüstü hâlleri" olmak üzere üç farklı soruşturma usulü öngörülmüştür.
Hakim ve savcılar hakkında ceza yargılamasında hangi merciin soruşturmayı, hangi merciin kovuşturmayı yürüteceği kanunda açık ve net bir şekilde belirtilmiştir. Yetki ve göreve ilişkin belirlenmiş olan bu esaslar, kesin nitelikteki özel düzenlemelerdir. 2802 sayılı Kanun’un hakim ve savcıların soruşturma ve kovuşturmalarına yönelik belirlediği bu birbirinden farklı soruşturma usullerine ilişkin emredici hükümlere aykırı veya “karma uygulama” yapılarak soruşturma yürütülmesi mümkün değildir.
Bir soruşturmanın hakim ve savcılar bakımından usulüne uygun olabilmesi için suçun niteliğine göre belirlenmiş olan soruşturma usulüne göre bütün iş ve işlemlerin, kararların alınmış olması gerekmektedir. Suç tipine göre belirlenmiş olan bu usullere aykırı hareket edilmesi veya karma uygulama yapılması halinde yapılan işlem ve kararlar hükümsüz hale gelecektir.
ANAYASA MAHKEMESİ KARARLARINDA TEMEL HAK VE HÜRRİYETLERİ SINIRLANDIRMA SEBEBİ OLARAK MİLLİ GÜVENLİK
Authors: ACARAY Deniz
Published: April 2022

2001 yılında AİHS ile uyum sağlama amacıyla gerçekleştirilen anayasa değişikliklerine kadar genel bir sınırlandırma sebebi olan, bu değişikliklerden itibaren ise özel bir sınırlandırma sebebi haline gelen milli güvenlik kavramı, Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlarında pek çok kez ifade edilmiştir. Anayasada özel bir sınırlandırma sebebi haline gelmesiyle, her hak bakımından söz konusu olmayan, sadece ilgili haklara ilişkin hükümlerde düzenlenen milli güvenlik olgusu, bu çalışmada, anayasal düzenlemelerle birlikte Anayasa Mahkemesi kararları ışığında ele alınmaktadır. Anayasa Mahkemesinin 2012 yılından itibaren vermeye başladığı bireysel başvuru kararlarının yanı sıra, norm denetimine ilişkin kararları taranmış, özellikle 1982 Anayasası hükümleri gereğince verdiği kararlardan milli güvenlik olgusunu ele alanları çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. 2001 yılı değişikliği öncesindeki anayasal düzenleme ile sonrasındaki hükümler Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlarına yansımaları doğrultusunda değerlendirilerek, bir sınırlandırma sebebi olarak milli güvenliğin temel hak ve hürriyetlerin korunması ve gerçekleşmesi bakımından devletin yükümlülüklerini nasıl etkilediği, özgürlük – güvenlik dengesi de gözetilerek analiz edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte; Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin 2016 – 2018 yılları arasında yaşanan 2 yıllık olağanüstü hal döneminde milli güvenlik ile ilgili verdiği kararları da ayrıca çalışmanın kapsamında tutularak, Genel Kamu Hukuku ve İnsan Hakları alanında literatüre katkı sağlaması ve kaynak yaratması amaçlanmıştır.
BARO PULLARINDA YAPILAN SAHTECİLİĞİN KIYMETLİ DAMGADA SAHTECİLİK SUÇU KAPSAMINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLİP DEĞERLENDİRİLEMEYECEĞİ MESELESİ
Authors: ÖZTÜRK İlhami , SÜMER Arif Emre
Published: April 2022

En genel tanımıyla suçta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi, suç teşkil eden fiiller ile bu fiiller karşılığında öngörülen yaptırımların kanunla düzenlenmiş olması anlamını taşır. Türk Ceza Kanunu'nun 199’uncu maddesinde "Kıymetli Damgada Sahtecilik" suçu düzenlenmiştir. Bu suçun konusu olan kıymetli damga kavramı, muayyen bir miktar vergi ya da harcın ödendiğini belgelemek amacıyla kullanılan pulları da kapsar. Türk Hukukunda avukatların vekaletnamelere yapıştırdığı baro pulu gibi bazı pul ve damgalar karşılığında ödenen bedeller vergi veya harç niteliğinde olmayıp, vergi benzeri mali yükümlülük niteliğindedir. Bu çalışmada, karşılığında ödenen bedel itibarıyla vergi benzeri mali yükümlülük niteliğinde olan baro pullarında yapılan sahtecilik eylemlerinin, "Kıymetli Damgada Sahtecilik" suçuna sebebiyet verip vermeyeceği hususu suçta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir.
Circe’s Garden: Rewriting Epic and Revolutionary Time
Authors: Rivers Anna
Published: April 2022

This article focuses on two retellings of the story of Circe, the witch from Homer's Odyssey, exploring Augusta Webster's 1870 dramatic monologue ‘Circe’ and Madeline Miller's 2018 novel of the same name. In both texts Circe's main motivation is to escape from the island, depicted as an idyllic garden, where she has been exiled by the gods. This escape comes to symbolize movement towards revolutionary feminist change; however, there is no possibility of describing what form the escape will take according to existing discourses, suggesting paradoxically that change can only be represented through a failure of all forms of representation. This poses a difficulty in terms of conceptualizing practical social transformation. Michel Foucault's power-knowledge dialectic and Gilles Deleuze's work on virtuality are deployed here to illustrate how ideas of change and newness can be conceptualized from within the system purporting to be changed. Revolution etymologically suggests a recurring back to an idealized state of nature while simultaneously functioning as an invocation of utopian change and the progressively new. Circe's immortality functions as a symbol for this cultural paralysis but the garden represents a way of thinking beyond it. The garden is a space which purports to control or contain temporal and aesthetic movement. However, in fact this space encourages the risk of change in ways which threaten this control, or at least model how containment could be destabilized. For Circe, the garden is thus a platform from which subjective revolutionary possibilities can be modelled in preparation for application to the material world.
İlkokul 4. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Okuma Sıklığı İle Eleştirel Okuma Becerileri Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: Uyar Aydın Cansu , Balkan Sevgi
Published: April 2022

Bu araştırmada, ilkokul 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin okuma sıklığı ile eleştirel okuma becerileri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın amacı ilkokul 4. sınıfta öğrenim gören öğrencilerin okuma sıklığı ile eleştirel okuma beceri düzeylerini cinsiyet, kardeş sayısı, ailenin eğitim düzeyi, anne – babanın iş durumu değişkenlerine göre incelemek ve öğrencilerin okuma sıklığı ile eleştirel okuma becerileri arasında ilişki olup olmadığını tespit etmektir. Araştırmaya Giresun il merkezindeki devlet okullarının 4. sınıfında okuyan toplam 448 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Kişisel Bilgiler Formu”, “Eleştirel Okuma Özyeterlilik Algısı Ölçeği” ile “Kişisel Eğilimden Kaynaklanan Okuma Miktarı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. İlkokul 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin okuma sıklıkları ile eleştirel okuma becerileri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapılan bu çalışma nicel araştırma yöntemiyle ve tarama modelinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Cinsiyetler arasında okuma sıklığı ve eleştirel okuma becerisi arasındaki ilişkiye bakmak için t testi uygulanmış, öğrencilerin anne eğitim durumlarına göre onların sıklık puanları ve ölçek puanları arasında fark olup olmadığı (ANOVA) ile test edilmiştir. Üniversite mezunu olan annelerin çocuklarının ölçek puanları ile ilkokul mezunu, ortaokul mezunu ve okuryazar olmayan annelerin çocuklarının ölçek puanları arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark olup olmadığına bakılmıştır. Öğrencilerin ölçek puanları ile sıklık puan ortalaması arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki elde edilmiştir. Bu iki değişken arasında orta büyüklükte ve pozitif yönde bir ilişki olduğu görülmektedir.
SENJATA TRADISIONAL KINIA (PERISAI): BENTUK, STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI BAGI SUKU TOLAKI DI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Melamba Basrin , Marwati Marwati , Sinapoy Muhammad Sabaruddin , Syahrun Syahrun
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan identitas senjata tradisional kinia (perisai atau tameng) dari segi bentuk, struktur, bahan atau kelengkapan, model, dan fungsi kinia bagi suku Tolaki di Sulawesi Tenggara. Senjata kinia khususnya dipakai oleh kaum pria, terutama dari kalangan Raja (Mokole/Bokeo), bangsawan (anakia), dan para kesatria (Tamalaki dan Tadu). Kinia merupakan salah satu peralatan perang (momuho) yang berfungsi sebagai alat pelindung atau pertahanan pada suku Tolaki. Kinia terbuat dari kayu ringan (taliawa) yang berukuran kecil. Kinia sejenis perisai tongkat berbentuk memanjang (lonjor) dan pegangannya dihiasi dengan rambut serta cara penggunaannya yakni digenggam dengan tangan. Kinai memiliki panjang 60-75 cm dan lebar 20-30 cm. Pada bagian dalam kinia terdapat gagang tempat pegangan para Tamalaki dan Tadu. Sedangkan pada bagian pinggir dan luar diukir dengan motif pinetobo atau pinengisi olipa. Pada masa lalu kinia memiliki fungsi pertahanan, sosial, dan religi bagi para Tamalaki dan Otadu. Di masa kini, fungsi kinia telah pengalami perubahan yakni lebih kepada fungsi kesenian berupa tarian umoara.
PELABUHAN RAHA KABUPATEN MUNA: 1986-2019
Authors: Aini Nur , Wardani Ajeng Kusuma
Published: April 2022

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini meliputi: (1) Bagaimana latar belakang pembangunan pelabuhan Raha Kabupaten Muna (2) Bagaimana perkembangan pelabuhan Raha Kabupaten Muna: 1969-2019 (3) Bagaimana fungsi pelabuhan Raha Kabupaten Muna dalam jaringan pelayaran dan perniagaan (4) Bagaimana dampak adanya pelabuhan Raha Kabupaten Muna terhadap perekonomian masyarakat Muna. Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode sejarah yang dikemukakan oleh Kuntowijoyo yang menjelaskan lima tahap penelitian sejarah yaitu sebagai berikut: (a) Pemilihan topik, (b) Heuristik sumber, (c) Verifikasi sumber, (d) Interpretas i sumber, (e) Historiografi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: (1) Latar belakang pembangunan pelabuhan Raha berkembang sebagai pelabuhan penyeberangan yaitu melalui jalur pelayaran rakyat (PELRA) dengan menggunakan perahu motor kategori sedang dan kecil. Pada tahun 1970 pelabuhan Raha digunakan sebagai jalur penyeberangan, kemudian dikembangkan menjadi pusat kegiatan pelayaran dan perniagaan. (2) Perkembangan pelabuhan Raha Kabupaten Muna yaitu untuk menghubungkan Raha dengan daerah lain dengan menggunakan kapal kecil yang pengoperasiannya menggunakan teknologi sederhana hingga mengenal pelayaran modern. (3) Fungsi pelabuhan Raha Kabupaten Muna yaitu sebagai mata rantai dalam memperlancar kegiatan pendistribusian barang serta naik turunnya penumpang. (4) Dampak adanya pelabuhan Raha Kabupaten Muna adalah para pedagang masyarakat Muna, serta masyarakat secara umum semakin mudah untuk mendistribusikan barang dagangannya, terutama proses pengangkutannya atau pemasarannya di Kota Raha Kabupater Muna.
KESULTANAN BUTON PADA MASA PEMERINTAHAN SULTAN ANHARUDDIN: 1823-1824
Authors: H Yuni , Aslim Aslim , Burhan Faika
Published: April 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan profil  Sultan Anharuddin yang menjadi Sultan Buton ke-28 pada tahun 1823-1824, untuk mengetahui proses pengangkatan Anharuddin sebagai Sultan Buton pada tahun 1823, serta untuk  mengetahui kondisi Kesultanan Buton pada masa pemerintahan Sultan Anharuddin. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri dari lima tahap kegiatan, yaitu: (a) Pemilihan topik; (b) Heuristik sumber; (c) Verifikasi sumber; (d) Interpretasi, dan (e) Historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sultan Anharuddin atau La Dani, yang lahir pada tanggal 4 Rajab 1152  Hijriah,  merupakan keturunan  bangsawan dari golongan Tapi-Tapi. Orang tua Sultan Anharuddin bernama La Masalimu  dan ibunya  bernama Wa Ode Bawine Putri Kapitalao Itembana Walanda La Ode Ungkuabuso. Sultan Anharuddin menikah dengan Wa Ode Mufti. Anak Sultan Anharuddin dan Wa Ode Mufti adalah Wa Ode Baawu, Wa Ode Moha Raja Tiworo, Wa Ode Ramli Wolowo, Wa Ode Hinusu, Sapati Baadia, dan Wa Ode Aidi Baluna Kapitalao Waale-ale. Proses pengangkatan Anharuddin sebagai Sultan Buton dilakukan setelah  Sultan Anharuddin berhasil mengusir Bajak Laut Tobelo. Pemerintahan Sultan Anharuddin sebagai seorang sultan tidak berjalan dengan baik. Hal ini terjadi karena Sultan Anharuddin tidak bersedia menjalankan isi kontrak Dewan Syara Kesultanan Buton dengan pemerintah Belanda sehingga keadaan ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya pada masa pemerintahannya tidak berjalan dengan baik. Kondisi pertahanan dan keamanan Kesultanan Buton pada masa pemerintahan Sultan Anharuddin juga kurang kondusif.
Accessible Organic Chemistry
Authors: Ferguson David , Miranda Vincent
Published: April 2022

This involves a survey of organic chemistry for the first semester.
Low Levels Matter: Clinical Relevance of Low Pru p 3 sIgE in Patients With Peach Allergy
Authors: Balsells-Vives Sara , San Bartolomé Clara , Casas-Saucedo Rocío , Ruano-Zaragoza María , Rius Josefina , Torradeflot Maria , Bartra Joan , Munoz-Cano Rosa , Pascal Mariona
Published: April 2022

Many clinical lab settings still use 0.35 KUA/L as the cut-off for serum specific-IgE (sIgE) immunoassays, while the detection limit is 0.1 KUA/L. The clinical relevance of -low-level sIgE (0.1–0.35 KUA/L) remains controversial. Pru p 3 sIgE is considered to be the main routine tool for assessing lipid transfer protein (LTP) sensitization. We aimed to evaluate the clinical relevance of Pru p 3 sIgE low levels in a population diagnosed with LTP allergy. Adults diagnosed with LTP allergy and Pru p 3 sIgE ≥ 0.1 KUA/L between 2012 and 2019 were included. Clinical data were reviewed. nPru p 3 basophil activation test (BAT) was performed and basophil reactivity (BR) and sensitivity (BS) correlated with the peach allergy symptoms. Pru p 3 sIgE from 496 subjects was recorded, 114 (23.0%) between 0.1 and 0.34 KUA/L (grLOW), the rest ≥ 0.35 KUA/L (grB). A total of 44.7% in grLOW and 59.9% in grB were allergic. Urticaria was more frequent in grLOW. In grLOW, Pru p 3 sIgE was higher in patients with local compared with systemic symptoms. In grB, Pru p 3 sIgE was higher in allergic patients. Pru p 3/Total IgE ratios were higher in allergic vs. tolerant in both groups. In BAT, BR was similar in both groups. In grLOW, it was higher on allergic compared with tolerant (p = 0.0286), and on those having systemic vs. local symptoms (p = 0.0286). BS showed no significant difference between groups. Patients with low levels represent a non-negligible fraction and around 45% are peach allergic. BAT showed functional sIgE in them. Pru p 3 sensitizations should be carefully evaluated even when sIgE levels are low.
Oral Administration of L-Citrulline Changes Brain Free Amino Acid and Monoamine Metabolism in Heat-Exposed Broiler Chickens
Authors: Chowdhury Vishwajit S. , Han Guofeng , Elhussiny Mohamed Z. , Ouchi Yoshimitsu , Tran Phuong V. , Nishimura Haruka , Haraguchi Shogo , Cockrem John F. , Bungo Takashi , Furuse Mitsuhiro
Published: April 2022

High ambient temperatures (HT) in summer are becoming more severe due to global warming, leading to severe adverse effects on poultry production. Recently, we have reported that oral administration of L-citrulline (L-Cit) can minimize hyperthermia in chickens under HT. However, whether oral L-Cit can enter the brain, the center for thermoregulation, has not been studied. We investigated the effects of oral administration of L-Cit on free amino acids and monoamines in the diencephalon region of the brain of heat-exposed broilers. Broilers were treated with L-Cit (40 mmol/20 ml/bird), then moved to a chamber at HT (30 ± 1°C) or to a thermoneutral temperature (CT: 22 ± 1°C) chamber for 2 h. Control groups were given methyl cellulose solution and placed in the CT or HT chambers. After 2 h of exposure to HT, there were increased brain concentrations of Cit in comparison with concentrations in broilers exposed to CT, whereas brain ornithine (Orn) concentrations were decreased, and arginine (Arg) concentrations were not changed. Interestingly, oral administration of L-Cit increased brain concentration of Cit, Arg, and Orn under both CT and HT. Tryptophan and its metabolite, serotonin (5-HT) concentrations were lower in the brain under HT than under CT. HT did not change brain concentrations of tyrosine, but dopamine (DA, a metabolite of tyrosine) concentrations decreased, and methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG, a metabolite of DA) concentrations increased in comparison with CT. Oral administration of L-Cit decreased brain concentrations of both tryptophan and tyrosine under CT and HT without changing 5-HT; however, DA levels declined under HT. Moreover, MHPG concentrations increased. In conclusion, these results suggest that metabolism of amino acids and metabolism of DA can be enhanced in the brain by oral administration of L-Cit. Metabolic changes in the brain in response to oral administration of L-Cit may influence the thermoregulatory center in the brain, leading to a reduction in body temperature and conferring thermotolerance in heat-exposed broiler chickens.
VEX1 Influences mVSG Expression During the Transition to Mammalian Infectivity in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Tihon Eliane , Rubio-Peña Karinna , Dujeancourt-Henry Annick , Crouzols Aline , Rotureau Brice , Glover Lucy
Published: April 2022

The Trypanosoma (T) brucei life cycle alternates between the tsetse fly vector and the mammalian host. In the insect, T. brucei undergoes several developmental stages until it reaches the salivary gland and differentiates into the metacyclic form, which is capable of infecting the next mammalian host. Mammalian infectivity is dependent on expression of the metacyclic variant surface glycoprotein genes as the cells develop into mature metacyclics. The VEX complex is essential for monoallelic variant surface glycoprotein expression in T. brucei bloodstream form, however, initiation of expression of the surface proteins genes during metacyclic differentiation is poorly understood. To better understand the transition to mature metacyclics and the control of metacyclic variant surface glycoprotein expression we examined the role of VEX1 in this process. We show that modulating VEX1 expression leads to a dysregulation of variant surface glycoprotein expression during metacyclogenesis, and that following both in vivo and in vitro metacyclic differentiation VEX1 relocalises from multiple nuclear foci in procyclic cells to one to two distinct nuclear foci in metacyclic cells - a pattern like the one seen in mammalian infective bloodstream forms. Our data suggest a role for VEX1 in the metacyclic differentiation process and their capacity to become infectious to the mammalian host.
Role of TRPV1 in High Temperature-Induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Skeletal Muscle: A Mini Review
Authors: Xu Yixiao , Zhao Yongcai , Gao Binghong
Published: April 2022

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a protein that is susceptible to cell environment temperature. High temperatures of 40–45°C can activate the TRPV1 channel. TRPV1 is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Therefore, TRPV1 activated by high-temperature stress releases Ca2+ from the SR to the cytoplasm. Cellular Ca2+ accumulation is a key event that enhances TRPV1 activity by directly binding to the N-terminus and C-terminus. Moreover, Ca2+ is the key messenger involved in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. Long-term activation of TRPV1 may promote mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle through the Ca2+-CaMKII-p38 MAPK-PGC-1α signaling axis. The discovery of the TRPV1 channel highlights the potential mechanism for high-temperature stress improving muscle mitochondrial biogenesis. The appropriate hot stimulus in thermal environments might be beneficial to the muscular mitochondrial adaptation for aerobic capacity. However, the investigation of TRPV1 on mitochondrial biogenesis is at an early stage. Further investigations need to examine the role of TRPV1 in response to mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle induced by different thermal environments.
Identification, Efficacy, and Stability Evaluation of Succinimide Modification With a High Abundance in the Framework Region of Golimumab
Authors: Liu Tao , Xu Jin , Guo Qingcheng , Zhang Dapeng , Li Jun , Qian Weizhu , Guo Huaizu , Zhou Xinli , Hou Sheng
Published: April 2022

Succinimide (Asu) is the intermediate for asparagine deamidation in therapeutic proteins, and it can be readily hydrolyzed to form aspartate and iso-aspartate residues. Moreover, Asu plays an important role in the protein degradation pathways, asparagine deamidation, and aspartic acid isomerization. Here, Asu modification with a high abundance in the framework region (FR) of golimumab was first reported, the effect of denaturing buffer pH on the Asu modification homeostasis was studied, and the results revealed that it was relatively stable over a pH range of 6.0–7.0 whereas a rapid decrease at pH 8.0. Then, the peptide-based multi-attribute method (MAM) analyses showed that the Asu formation was at Asn 43 in the FR of the heavy chain. Meanwhile, the efficacy [affinity, binding and bioactivity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) activity, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity] and stability of the Asu modification of golimumab were evaluated, and the current results demonstrated comparable efficacy and stability between the Asu low- and high-abundance groups. Our findings provide valuable insights into Asu modification and its effect on efficacy and stability, and this study also demonstrates that there is a need to develop a broad-spectrum, rapid, and accurate platform to identify and characterize new peaks in the development of therapeutic proteins, particularly for antibody drugs.
Effect of Occurrence of Lamin A/C (LMNA) Genetic Variants in a Cohort of 101 Consecutive Apparent “Lone AF” Patients: Results and Insights
Authors: Pessente Gabrielle D'Arezzo , Sacilotto Luciana , Calil Zaine Oliveira , Olivetti Natalia Quintella Sangiorgi , Wulkan Fanny , Oliveira Théo Gremen Mimary de , Pedrosa Anísio Alexandre Andrade , Wu Tan Chen , Hachul Denise Tessariol , Scanavacca Maurício Ibrahim , Krieger José Eduardo , Darrieux Francisco Carlos da Costa , Pereira Alexandre da Costa
Published: April 2022

Objective

Mutations in the Lamin A/C(LMNA) gene are commonly associated with cardiac manifestations, such as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and conduction system disease. However, the overall spectrum and penetrance of rare LMNA variants are unknown. The present study described the presence of LMNAvariants in patients with “lone atrial fibrillation (AF)” as their sole clinical presentation.

Methods

One-hundred and one consecutive patients with “lone AF” criteria were initially screened by genetic testing. Genetic variants were classified according to the American College of Genetic and Genomic criteria. All subjects were evaluated through clinical and familial history, ECG, 24-h Holter monitoring, echocardiogram, cardiac magnetic resonance, treatment response, and the present relatives of LMNA carriers. In addition, whole-exome data from 49,960 UK Biobank (UKB) participants were analyzed to describe the overall penetrance of rare LMNA missense and loss of function (LOF) variants.

Results

Three missense variants in LMNA were identified in probands with AF as their first and unique clinical manifestation. Other five first-degree relatives, after the screening, also presented LMNA gene variants. Among 49,960 analyzed UKB participants, 331 carried rare LMNA missense or LOF variant. Participants who carried a rare LMNA variant were significantly associated with higher odds of arrhythmic events and of an abnormal ECG in the per-protocol ECG exam (p = 0.03 and p = 0.05, respectively).

Conclusion

Although a rare occurrence, our findings emphasize the possibility of an initial presentation of apparently “lone AF” in LMNA gene variant carriers.
In-vitro and In-silico Haemodynamic Analyses of a Novel Embedded Iliac Branch Device
Authors: Liang Shichao , Jia Heyue , Zhang Xuehuan , Guo Wei , Zhou Guojing , Li Shilong , Yuan Panpan , Xiong Jiang , Chen Duanduan
Published: April 2022

Background

Iliac branch devices (IBDs) are valid tools for internal iliac artery preservation during endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm and iliac aneurysm repair. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel IBD with an embedded branch configuration.

Method

A typical iliac artery model was reconstructed, and two models were manufactured using three-dimensional printing technology. The novel IBD was deployed into one iliac artery model by an experienced vascular surgeon. A mock circulation loop (MCL) and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation were used to investigate the haemodynamic parameters of the iliac models without (Model A) and with (Model B) the IBD. A morphological analysis was conducted using computed tomography angiography and medical endoscopy. The flow distribution rate (FDR) and energy loss (EL) were used to quantify IBD performance.

Results

The FDR of the right internal iliac artery in the MCL of Model A and Model B was 18.88 ± 0.12% and 16.26 ± 0.09%, respectively (P = 0.0013). The FDR of the right internal iliac artery in the CFD simulation of Model A and Model B was 17.52 and 14.49%, respectively. The EL of Model A was greater than Model B in both the MCL and the CFD simulation. Compared with Model A, Model B had a larger region (8.46 vs. 3.64%) with a relative residence time of >20 Pa−1 at peak systole. Meanwhile, the area where the oscillatory flow index was >0.4 was significantly smaller in Model B than in Model A (0.46 vs. 0.043%). The region with an average wall shear stress of >4 Pa was greater in Model B than in Model A (0 vs. 0.22%).

Conclusion

The MCL and CFD simulation showed that the novel IBD had little impact on the FDR and EL of the iliac artery models. However, the IBD might be an effective tool for the treatment of abdominal aortic/iliac aneurysms that extend into branches. Further investigations are warranted to confirm whether this IBD could be useful in the clinic.
Effects of Sacubitril-Valsartan on Clinical, Echocardiographic, and Polygraphic Parameters in Patients Affected by Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Sleep Apnea
Authors: Pelaia Corrado , Armentaro Giuseppe , Volpentesta Mara , Mancuso Luana , Miceli Sofia , Caroleo Benedetto , Perticone Maria , Maio Raffaele , Arturi Franco , Imbalzano Egidio , Andreozzi Francesco , Perticone Francesco , Sesti Giorgio , Sciacqua Angela
Published: April 2022

Background

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a clinical condition frequently diagnosed in clinical practice. In patients affected by HFrEF, sleep apnea (SA) can be detected among the most frequent comorbidities. Sacubitril–valsartan (sac/val) association has been proven to be effective in reducing disease progression and all-cause mortality in HFrEF patients. Sac/val treatment can potentially attenuate SA development via several pathophysiologic mechanisms, including improvement of global hemodynamics, reduction of extracellular fluid overload, and decrease of sympathetic neural activity.

Methods

We recruited 132 patients affected by HFrEF and SA, already under treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which was discontinued 24 h before the scheduled study timepoints. Physical examination, echocardiography, nocturnal cardio-respiratory monitoring, and laboratory tests were performed in each patient at baseline and after a 6-month treatment with sac/val.

Results

After 6 months, sac/val induced statistically significant changes in clinical, hemodynamic, biohumoral (NT-proBNP, serum electrolytes, creatinine, and uric acid), and echocardiographic parameters. In particular, cardiac index (CI), both atrial and ventricular volumes and global longitudinal strain (GLS) improved. Moreover, polysomnography, carried out during a temporary CPAP interruption, revealed a significant reduction in global apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) value (p < 0.0001), central AHI (p < 0.0001), obstructive AHI (p < 0.0001), oxygen desaturation index (ODI) (p < 0.0001), and percentage time of saturation below 90% (TC90) (p < 0.0001). The changes of CI, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), NT-proBNP, and tricuspid annular plane excursion (TAPSE) contributed to 23.6, 7.6, 7.3, and 4.8% of AHI variability, respectively, and the whole model accounted for a 43.3% of AHI variation.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that treatment with sac/val is able to significantly improve the cardiorespiratory performance of patients with HFrEF and SA, integrating the positive impact of CPAP. Thus, both CPAP and sac/val therapy may synergistically contribute to lower the risks of both cardiac and pulmonary complications in HFrEF patients with SA.
Elemental and Isotopic Signatures of Bulk Sedimentary Organic Matter in Shenhu Area, Northern South China Sea
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Xu Xuemin , Pang Lei , Guan Ping , Fang Yunxin , Lu Hailong , Ye Jianliang , Xie Wenwei
Published: April 2022

Hydrate-bearing sediments provide excellent materials for studying the primary sources and diagenetic alterations of organic matter. In this study, the elemental and isotopic signatures of total organic carbon (TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), total nitrogen (TN), and total sulfur (TS) are systematically investigated in three hydrate-bearing sediment cores (∼240 m) retrieved from the Shenhu area, South China Sea. All sediment layers from three sites are with low TOC content (average 0.35%) with marine and terrestrial mixed sources (-23.6‰ < δ13Corg < -21.4‰). However, the generally low δ15N (2.49–5.31‰) and C/N ratios (4.35–8.2) and their variation with depth cannot be explained by the terrestrial sources (Pearl River) and marine sources, binary end-member mixing processes. Contribution from lateral allochthonous organic matter from the mountainous river is considered after excluding other possible factors and ingeniously elucidating the organic matter origins. Furthermore, specific layers in W01B and W02B exhibit elevated S/C ratios (up to 2.39), positive bias of δ34S-TS (up to +29.7‰), and negative excursion of δ13C-TIC (up to -8.29‰), which are the characteristics of sustained occurrence of sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane. The occurrence of coupled carbon–sulfur anomaly may be accompanied by deep hydrocarbon leakage and the formation of hydrate with high saturation.
Assembly and Curation of Lists of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) to Support Environmental Science Research
Authors: Williams Antony J. , Gaines Linda G. T. , Grulke Christopher M. , Lowe Charles N. , Sinclair Gabriel F. B. , Samano Vicente , Thillainadarajah Inthirany , Meyer Bryan , Patlewicz Grace , Richard Ann M.
Published: April 2022

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of man-made chemicals of global concern for many health and regulatory agencies due to their widespread use and persistence in the environment (in soil, air, and water), bioaccumulation, and toxicity. This concern has catalyzed a need to aggregate data to support research efforts that can, in turn, inform regulatory and statutory actions. An ongoing challenge regarding PFAS has been the shifting definition of what qualifies a substance to be a member of the PFAS class. There is no single definition for a PFAS, but various attempts have been made to utilize substructural definitions that either encompass broad working scopes or satisfy narrower regulatory guidelines. Depending on the size and specificity of PFAS substructural filters applied to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) DSSTox database, currently exceeding 900,000 unique substances, PFAS substructure-defined space can span hundreds to tens of thousands of compounds. This manuscript reports on the curation of PFAS chemicals and assembly of lists that have been made publicly available to the community via the EPA’s CompTox Chemicals Dashboard. Creation of these PFAS lists required the harvesting of data from EPA and online databases, peer-reviewed publications, and regulatory documents. These data have been extracted and manually curated, annotated with structures, and made available to the community in the form of lists defined by structure filters, as well as lists comprising non-structurable PFAS, such as polymers and complex mixtures. These lists, along with their associated linkages to predicted and measured data, are fueling PFAS research efforts within the EPA and are serving as a valuable resource to the international scientific community.
Research on the Spatial Impact of Green Finance on the Ecological Development of Chinese Economy
Authors: Wu Guosong
Published: April 2022

Carbon peaking and carbon neutralization have become catalysts for the development of green finance in China. The possible risks of climate change are also being considered by an increasing number of financial institutions. Environmental pollution and deterioration have become the main drivers of China’s unbalanced and insufficient development in the new era. As a new financial model, green finance has attracted much attention from people and the society. Promoting and integrating this concept into economic transformation and ecological civilization strategies can guarantee China’s high-quality green development through economic ecology. This paper analyzes the relationship between the development of green finance and the development of economic ecology. The research conclusion is of great significance to speed up the construction of ecological civilization in China. Firstly, this paper analyses the spatial correlation between green finance and economic ecological development in China using the Moran’s index. Secondly, this paper constructs a spatial econometric model and performs a regression empirical analysis using the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 1999 to 2020 to understand the impact of green finance on China’s ecological development. Results show that green finance demonstrates strong spatial agglomeration and that the development of economic ecology maintains a stable spatial positive correlation. Moreover, the spatial difference in economic ecological development is more obvious than that in green finance development. The development of green finance not only has a significantly positive role in promoting the economic and ecological development of a certain province but also promotes the development of economic ecology in the surrounding provinces. The development of economic ecology itself generates a positive spatial spillover effect, that is, improving the economic ecological level of a province will also improve the corresponding level of the surrounding provinces.
Combining DNA Mini-Barcoding and Species-Specific Primers PCR Technology for Identification of Heosemys grandis
Authors: Li Ping , Li Dong , Hong Yuling , Chen Mingyang , Zhang Xia , Hu Liu , Liu Chunsheng
Published: April 2022

Heosemys grandis, a species of Asian water turtle, that has a wide range of applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Since some processed products cannot be identified exclusively by morphological and microscopic identification, a reliable and quick approach to guarantee authenticity is critical. Thus, we fostered an effective and stable molecular identification system to identify Heosemys grandis based on DNA mini-barcoding and species-specific primers PCR technology. A total of 48 turtle samples from 16 different species were collected. To distinguish Heosemys grandis from its counterfeits, DNA mini-barcoding and a pair of species-specific primers were designed and verified by PCR after analyzing the COI sequences of samples. The results showed that only Heosemys grandis samples could generate a single clear band following amplification using species-specific primers. Employing DNA mini-barcoding to amplify samples can verify authenticity by sequence alignment. These findings indicated that species-specific primers PCR technology combined with DNA mini-barcoding could accurately detect the authenticity of Heosemys grandis. This technology broadens the application of molecular biology techniques in the food and pharmaceutical industries. It provides a reliable and convenient method for identifying raw materials to standardize the market and protect customers’ rights and interests.