bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF MATERIALS FOR NON-REMOVABLE AESTHETIC PROSTHETIC STRUCTURES
Authors: Ozhohan P.Z. , Ozhogan Z.R.
Published: December 2024

Background. Currently, zirconium dioxide and metal-free ceramics are widely used in orthopedic dentistry. Studying the surfaces of these materials at the microand nanoscale is becoming increasingly important in dental research, allowing us to uncover the complex interactions between dental materials and oral tissues. Atomic force microscopy allows us to study the influence of microand nanoscale features of the surface of materials on bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and osseointegration processes. Contact angle analysis characterizes surface energy and hydrophobicity, which are the basis for models of protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and interaction of oral fluid with the surface of the teeth. Such studies prove the effect of wetting dental materials on their interaction with oral fluid, blood, and other biological fluids in the oral cavity.
The main goal experimentally study and substantiate the biocompatibility characteristics of dental materials, namely zirconium dioxide, metal ceramics and press ceramics.
Materials and methods. Studied the biocompatibility of aesthetic structural materials, such as zirconia, press ceramics, and metal ceramics, and their bio adhesion using atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods. The examined patients were divided into 2 clinical groups. The 1st group included 30 patients with aesthetic defects of the hard tissues, who were treated with generally accepted methods of manufacturing metal-free structures during orthopedic treatment. The 2nd group included 30 patients with aesthetic defects of the hard tissues, who underwent examination and orthopedic treatment with metal-free structures according to the proposed methods.
Results. Zirconium dioxide and metal ceramics show similar values of the wetting angle, which indicates a similar value of surface energy. The contact angle for zirconium dioxide is 86.5 units. Press ceramics have a significantly lower wetting angle (40.7 units), which indicates higher surface energy and better wettability. The “PBI” (papillary bleeding index) in patients of group 2 after 6 and 12 months was significantly better than the index after orthopedic treatment in patients of group 1 the Silness-Loe hygiene index 6 and 12 months after orthopedic treatment was significantly better in patients of group 2 who received the proposed treatment and was 0.3±0.06 and 0.32±0.06 points.
Conclusions. The use of non-removable structures based on zirconium dioxide and press ceramics helps to reduce the development of inflammatory processes in the tissues of the marginal periodontium, due to lower protein adsorption and cell adhesion.
Clinical studies confirm the high clinical effectiveness of the use of non-removable aesthetic structures of prostheses based on zirconium dioxide and press ceramics, in particular, the RVI and Silness-Loe indices in patients of group 2 are significantly better than in patients of group 1 in the long term (after 6 and 12 months) after treatment.
On parameterization of dissipative processes in turbulent transport models for description of thermohydrodynamics and biogeochemistry of stratified internal water bodies
Authors: Gladskikh D. S. , Mortikov E. V.
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we discuss parameterizations of turbulent mixing processes in models of inland water bodies (lakes and reservoirs) that allow turbulent fluctuations to develop in the presence of small velocity shear even in the case of highly stable stratification. A parameterization of the turbulent Prandtl number is proposed, which takes into account the non-gradient correction for the mass flux and depends on two parameters: the anisotropy parameter, which describes the differences in the vertical and horizontal scales of the density field correlations, and the maximum flux Richardson number. It is shown that the value of the maximum flux Richardson number and, as a consequence, the asymptotical increase in the turbulent Prandtl number under strong stability are associated with differences in the integral time scales determined by the dissipation rate of the kinetic or potential energy and the fluctuation intensities of the corresponding fields. This is consistent with the direct numerical simulation of shear-driven stably stratified turbulence. The anisotropy parameter sets the transitional regime from neutral stratification to strong stability. Using the proposed parameterization, numerical experiments were carried out to reproduce the thermal and biochemical regime of a inland water bodies (Lake Kuivajärvi and Rybinsk Reservoir). The results show that the distribution of biochemical concentrations, gas exchange processes are more sensitive to the value of maximum Richardson flux number.
Formation of the hydroecological structure of the Ivankovskoye reservoir in the summer period in adjacent years with different weather conditions
Authors: Grechushnikova M. G. , Grigoryeva I. L. , Lomova D. V. , Kremenetskaya E. R. , Komissarov A. B. , Fedorova L. P. , Lomov V. A. , Chekmareva E. A.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the conditions for the formation of the hydroecological regime of the Ivankovo Reservoir according to data from complex hydrological, hydrochemical and hydrobiological surveys carried out in August 2020–2022. The identified differences in hydroecological characteristics are associated with the peculiarities of weather conditions in the summer seasons. Despite the significant flow of the reservoir, in its bottom layer during prolonged hot weather the formation of oxygen-free conditions is possible, affecting exchange processes with the bottom, hydrobionts and methane emissions. Increased bioturbation of bottom sediments by benthos under oxygen deficiency activates metabolic processes at the water-bottom sediments boundary, including the release of methane. A strong “bloom” of the reservoir, characteristic of hot weather conditions in 2022, led to a reduction in the specific flux of methane from the surface due to its oxidation with an excess of oxygen in the surface layer.
UAV-based monitoring of the thermal structure of heterogeneous landscapes
Authors: Varentsov M. I. , Varentsov A. I. , Repina I. A. , Artamonov A. Yu. , Drozd I. D. , Mamonotov A. E. , Stepanenko V. M.
Published: December 2024

The paper presents a technique for measuring the temperature of an inhomogeneous underlying surface using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). To test the proposed technique, measurements over various landscapes are presented: dunes in an arid zone, a temperate swamp, a subarctic city, and a combination of natural and anthropogenic landscapes in the Arctic. A measuring complex based on a DJI Mavic 2 Zoom quadrocopter with an installed Flir TAU2R thermal camera was used. Methods for correcting emerging hardware errors have been developed. To obtain detailed data on the spatial distribution of the surface brightness temperature, the orthomosaic construction method was used. Thermal maps of surfaces with relief inhomogeneities (dunes), moisture inhomogeneity (swamps), urban areas in polar and subpolar conditions were obtained at different times of the day. It is shown that thermal contrasts can reach the first ten degrees within an area of = 10–20 ha, both against the background of daytime heating and nighttime cooling of the surface, and could have a significant effect on the spatial distribution of the heat transfer characteristics of the atmosphere and the underlying surface. The developed methods are recommended for constructing surface thermal maps using thermal imaging technology.
Determination of dynamic and physical characteristics of near-Earth asteroids based on observations from 2022–2023
Authors: Kuznetsov Е. D. , Wiebe Yu. Z. , Glamazda D. V. , Kaiser G. T. , Krushinsky V. V. , Kryuchkov M. S. , Naroenkov S. А. , Perminov A. S.
Published: December 2024

Astrometric and multicolor photometric observations of near-Earth asteroids have been made at the SBG telescopes of the Kourovka Astronomical Observatory of the UrFU and the Zeiss-1000 telescope of the Simeiz Observatory in 2022–2023. Improved orbital elements were obtained for seven asteroids from astrometric observations at the SBG telescope. Axial rotation periods were estimated from photometric observations for seven asteroids. Color indices for six asteroids were obtained from photometric observations in B, V, R, and I filters.
Interstellar scintillation of sources B0821+394 and B1812+412 according to observations on the LPA LPI radio telescope
Authors: Tyul'bashev S. A. , Chashei I. V. , Grishanova I. A. , Tyul'basheva G. E. , Subaev I. A.
Published: December 2024

The search for long-term variability of compact components of radio sources B0821+394 and B1812+412 over an interval of 10 years was carried out. The LPA LPI radio telescope with an operating frequency of 111 MHz was used for observations. According to our estimates, the characteristic time of variability for both sources is 1.5–2.5 years. It is shown that the observed variability is not related to intrinsic variations in the radiation flux, but is due to refractive scintillation on inhomogeneities of the interstellar medium. From the obtained upper estimates of the apparent angular dimensions of the sources, it follows that the main contribution to the scattering of radio emission is made by turbulent plasma concentrated in sufficiently thin screens, the distance to which does not exceed 300–400 pc.
Phase equilibria, crystal structure and oxygen nonstoichiometry of complex oxides formed in the system GdCoO3–SrCoO3–δ–SrFeO3–δ–GdFeO3
Authors: Aksenova Т. V. , Solomakhina E. E. , Urusova A. S. , Cherepanov V. A.
Published: December 2024

The phase equilibria in the quasi-quaternary GdCoO3–SrCoO3–δ–SrFeO3–δ–GdFeO3 system have been studied at 1373 K in air. The homogeneity ranges and crystal structure of solid solutions of general composition Gd1–xSrxCo1–yFeyO3–δ have been determined. Depending on the concentration of introduced strontium and iron, the Gd1–xSrxCo1–yFeyO3–δ oxides crystallize in orthorhombic (x = 0.1 and 0.4 ≤ y ≤ 1.0; x = 0.2 and y = 0.9, sp. gr. Pbnm), tetragonal (0.6 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 and 0.1 ≤ y ≤ 0.5, sp. gr. I4/mmm) or cubic (x = 0.9 and 0.1 ≤ y ≤ 0.9; 0.6 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 and 0.6 ≤ y ≤ 0.9, sp. gr. Pm-3m) perovskite structure. Structural parameters were determined for all single-phase samples. An increase in the concentration of strontium and iron leads to an increase in the unit cell parameters of the Gd1–xSrxCo1–yFeyO3–δ oxides. It has been shown that the oxygen content in Gd1–xSrxCo1–yFeyO3–δ cobaltites, determined by thermogravimetric analysis, decreases with increasing temperature and strontium content in the samples. An isobaric-isothermal phase diagram of the GdCoO3 – SrCoO3–δ–SrFeO3–δ–GdFeO3 system at 1373 K in air was constructed.
Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the processing of galvanic sludge
Authors: Murashova N. M. , Kuptsova M. Yu. , Tokarev P. O.
Published: December 2024

For the first time, the possibility of synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles during the processing of galvanic sludge using microemulsion leaching and subsequent precipitation of nanoparticles in this microemulsion has been demonstrated. Using model systems with ZnO and Zn(OH)2, the leaching of zinc into reverse microemulsions is studied in the system sodium dodecyl sulfate – butanol-1 – kerosene – water, containing extractants di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid, caproic acid or a mixture of tributyl phosphate and acetic acid. The best leaching results are observed for microemulsion with di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid. Using the model system “zinc hydroxide contaminated with iron (III) hydroxide,” the possibility of selective extraction of zinc into a microemulsion is shown. A method for the synthesis of nanoparticles has been developed, which includes microemulsion leaching of zinc, separation of unreacted solid phase, precipitation of ZnO nanoparticles from the microemulsion with an aqueous NaOH solution, separation of the precipitate, washing and drying. Using a model system with ZnO, spherical nanoparticles with a diameter of 34 ± 9 nm (according to transmission electron microscopy) were synthesized by this method; X-ray diffraction analysis showed that ZnO was obtained.
Diatoms of the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir
Authors: Genkal S. I. , Sharov А. N. , Kаlееva Е. I.
Published: December 2024

A total of 53 diatom species, varieties and forms are found in the phytoplankton of the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir using scanning electron microscopy. Among them, 24 are new for the reservoir, including 3 new for the flora of Russia ( Achnanthidium minutissimum var. inconspicua , A. pseudolineare , Sellaphora obesa ), which makes it possible to expand the species composition of the Yenisei up to 184. The findings of the Baikal endemics Didymosphenia geminata and Hannaea baicalensis , as well as the Ob form Aulacoseira ambigua f. curvata expand the ranges of these alga.
Two New Species of the Genus Cryptomonas (Cryptophyta: Cryptophyceae) from Cat Tien National Park (Vietnam)
Authors: Martynenko N. A. , Gusev E. S. , Huan Phan Trong
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we describe two new species of the genus Cryptomonas from Cat Tien National Park (Vietnam): Cryptomonas pascheri and Cryptomonas playfairii, based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of the 18S, 28S, ITS2 rDNA and psb A cpDNA regions. The concept of compensatory base substitutions (CBCs) was also used for delimiting taxa. Both species are included in the same clade with C. lundii . If C. pascheri is morphologically similar to other species of the clade, then C. playfairii has obvious morphological differences. Each of the described species has clear molecular differences from related species in the C. lundii clade.
Pigments in Cores of Bottom Sediment as Indicators of the Trophic Status Dynamics in the Benthal of a Large Reservoir
Authors: Sigareva L. E. , Timofeeva N. A. , Zakonnov V. V.
Published: December 2024

New data on the dynamics of pigment characteristics for different silts in the basin-valley Rybinsk Reservoir, the largest source of fresh water on the Upper Volga, are presented. The concept of eutrophication of the reservoir under modern climate warming is supplemented. The content of pigments in bottom sediment cores taken after 10 years (in 2009 and 2019) was compared. According to the latest survey, the average content of chlorophyll a with pheopigments in cores at the stations is characterized by higher values, and the carotenoid/chlorophyll ratio (index Е 480 /Е 665 ) is lower than according to the first survey. The relationship between the index Е 480 /Е 665 and the total content of chlorophyll a and pheopigments in cores from most stations is negative, as in phytoplankton. In the total array of studied sediment samples, the contribution of pigment concentrations (chlorophyll a + pheopigments) belonging to the hypertrophic category is increased. The average content of sedimentary pigments in lake-like areas increased compared to riverine areas. The dynamics of pigments is clearly expressed in cores of gray clayey silt and smoothed in peat–originated silt. Over the period from 2009 to 2019, the average contribution of autochthonous organic carbon, estimated from the sum of chlorophyll and pheopigments, increased from 7.7% to 12.3% of total organic carbon in cores. The trends of the pigment concentrations in cores indicate an increase in the trophic state of benthal to date. The significance of the pigment characteristics of bottom sediments for monitoring the benthal productivity over the entire period of reservoir operation is discussed.
Habitat and Features of Development of Plankton Communities in the Unique “ Round ” Lakes of the Nadym River Basin (Western Siberia)
Authors: Soromotin A. V. , Alyoshina O. A. , Shumilov M. A. , Prikhodko N. V. , Nikolaenko S. A. , Kulikova M. A.
Published: December 2024

The article discusses mo rphometry, hydrochemistry, zooplankton and macrophytes of three unique “round” lakes of the Nadym River basin (Western Siberia, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug). Significant depths, weak lakeshore angularity, zero color of water and predominance of sulfates in the ionic composition are atypical for the northern taiga lakes of Western Siberia. Coastal aquatic vegetation is characterized by extremely low species richness with dominance of Sparganium angustifolium , which is an indicator of high-transparent ultrafresh oligotrophic waters. Dominant complexes were formed in planktonic communities represented by 1–2 species with a high level of dominance. According to the level of development of total zooplankton biomass the lakes belong to the ultra- and oligotrophic types.
The Zoobenthos Researches in Medium-Size and Small Rivers of the Lower Volga River Basin
Authors: Golovatyuk L. V. , Gusakov V. A.
Published: December 2024

The article provides an overview of studies of macrozoobenthos and meiobenthos of medium and small rivers of the Lower Volga basin. The study of macrozoobenthos in this region was mainly aimed at determining the taxonomic diversity, quantitative indicators and patterns of formation of bottom communities under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors. Since the end of the XVIII century, the tasks of research have gradually expanded from inventory-faunal to determining the quantitative, structural and functional characteristics of communities. The study of the macrozoobenthos of rivers is considered in the context of the peculiarities development in various climatic zones of the Lower Volga River basin: forest-steppe, steppe and semi-desert and belonging of rivers to the basins of the Kuibyshev, Saratov and Volgograd reservoirs. The middle rivers in all natural and climatic zones have been studied most fully, while information about the zoobenthos of most small watercourses is often absent or sketchy. To date, the communities of meiobenthos remain practically unexplored in both medium and small rivers. At the present stage, much attention is paid to the zonal distribution of macrozoobenthos, a promising direction is to study the functional features of meiobenthos and macrozoobenthos.
Features of the Structure and Nutrition of the Fish Population in Mountain Glacial Lakes on the Western Slopes of the Urals
Authors: Ponomarev V. I.
Published: December 2024

The paper analyzes the modern structure and food relations of the fish population of the small glacial lakes of the Urals. The features that are expressed primarily in the reduction of the species richness of the local ichthyofauna and the predominance of a single-species fish population are revealed. The number of fish species inhabiting these reservoirs correlates with the height of their location above sea level, the area and the value of the redox potential of water. It is shown that the fish population of many small Ural lakes of the Pechora River basin is formed by a single species. It is established that the single-species fish part of the aquatic communities of mountain lakes can be represented by Arctic char, Siberian and European grayling, pike, lake and common minnow, roach and perch. The maximum number of such lakes was found in the highest mountainous region of the Circumpolar Urals. The relative abundance of fish and shifts in the trophic structure of the fish part of aquatic communities are considered. Fish-ichthyophages mainly switch to eating invertebrates, while cases of cannibalism are rare. The data obtained are analyzed from the standpoint of modern ideas about the glacial history of the Urals.
First Data on Cyanotoxins and Genes of Their Biosynthesis in the Phytoplankton of the Mesotrophic Lake Pleshcheyevo (Russia) During the Bloom Formation of Cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata
Authors: Sidelev S. I. , Korneva L. G. , Chernova Е. N. , Sakharova Е. G.
Published: December 2024

The article presents for the first time the data on cyanobacterial toxins and the genes of their biosynthesis in the phytoplankton of the mesotrophic Lake Pleshcheyevo Yaroslavl Region, during the period of cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata (Smith et Sowebry) Richter – bloom. In the phytoplankton of the lake, the presence of hepatotoxins microcystins was recorded using chromatography – mass spectrometry; in DNA isolated from plankton, the mcyE gene for the biosynthesis of these cyanotoxins was detected using PCR. During the study period, other types of cyanotoxins (cylindrospermopsin, anatoxin – a, saxitoxins) and the presence of genes for their synthesis in the phytoplankton were not identified. In thirty colonies of G. echinulata isolated from the lake, the microcystin biosynthesis genes mcyA and mcyE were absent, which is consistent with their inability to produce cyanotoxin. Using molecular methods, the potential ability to biosynthesize microcystins in Microcystis aeruginosa and species of the genus Dolichospermum inhabiting in the lake was demonstrated. The paper discusses the toxicity of Gloeotrichia echinulata and the need for further long-term monitoring of toxigenic cyanobacteria in Lake Pleshcheyevo.
Irreducible Complexity of Hox Gene: A Path to the Canonical Function of the Hox Cluster (Review)
Authors: Kulakova M. A. , Maslakov G. P. , Polyushkevich L. O.
Published: December 2024

The evolution of major taxa is often associated with the emergence of new gene families. In all multicellular animals except sponges and comb jellies, the genomes contain Hox genes, which are crucial regulators of development. The canonical function of Hox genes involves the collinear patterning of body parts in bilateral animals. This general function is implemented through complex, precisely coordinated mechanisms, not all of which are evolutionarily conserved and fully understood. We suggest that the emergence of this regulatory complexity was preceded by a stage of cooperation between more ancient morphogenetic programs or their individual elements. Footprints of these programs may be present in modern animals to execute non-canonical Hox functions. Non-canonical functions of Hox genes are involved in maintaining terminal nerve cell specificity, autophagy, oogenesis, pre-gastrulation embryogenesis, vertical signaling, and a number of general biological processes. These functions are realized by the basic properties of homeodomain protein and could have triggered the evolution of ParaHoxozoa and Nephrozoa subsequently.
Activity of DNA Repair Systems in Cells of Long-Lived Rodents and Bats (Review)
Authors: Popov A. A. , Petruseva I. O. , Lavrik O. I.
Published: December 2024

The accumulation of damage in the genomic DNA of various origins can lead to a violation of its stability, which is considered as one of the main causes of cell aging. DNA repair systems available in mammalian cells ensure effective removal of damage and restoration of the genome structure, and therefore it is assumed that the activity of these systems may be interrelated with the high maximum life expectancy observed in long-lived mammals. The review discusses the currently available results of work on determining the activity of DNA repair systems and studying the properties of key regulatory proteins of this process in the cells of long-lived rodents and bats. Based on the studies reviewed in the review, it can be concluded that long-lived rodents and bats, in general, demonstrate high efficiency in the functioning and regulation of DNA repair systems. Nevertheless, in the context of studying DNA repair in the cells of long-lived rodents and bats, there are still a number of insufficiently studied issues that open up prospects for further research.
Unique Properties of Synaptosomes and Prospects for Their Use for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases (Review)
Authors: Dashkova A. S. , Kovalev V. I. , Chaplygina A. V. , Zhdanova D. Yu. , Bobkova N. V.
Published: December 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people around the world. The increasing prevalence of AD correlates with increasing life expectancy and aging populations in developed countries. Since AD is a multifactorial disease and includes various pathological processes, such as: synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, protein misfolding, etc., an integrated approach aimed simultaneously at several targets may be effective and slow down the progression of the disease. Cell therapy and its further development in the form of transplantation of cellular vesicles and especially mitochondria are a very promising approach for the treatment of neurodegeneration. The use of synaptosomes, due to the uniqueness of their content, may become a new stage in the development of complex therapy for neurodegenerative diseases and AD in particular. This review discusses the preparation and composition of synaptosomes, as well as the possibilities and advantages of their use as transporters for the delivery of synaptic mitochondria and other biologically active substances to the brain.
Formation of Amyloid-Like Conformational States of β-Structured Membrane Proteins on the Example of the OmpF Porin from the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Outer Membrane
Authors: Novikova O. D. , Rybinskaya T. V. , Zelepuga E. A. , Uversky V. N. , Kim N. Yu. , Chingizova E. A. , Menchinskaya E. S. , Khomenko V. A. , Chistyulin D. K. , Portnyagina O. Yu.
Published: December 2024

The work presents the results of an in vitro and in silico study of the formation of amyloid-like structures under harsh denaturing conditions by the nonspecific OmpF porin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (YpOmpF), a membrane protein with a β-barrel conformation. It has been shown that in order to obtain amyloid-like porin aggregates, preliminary destabilization of its structure in a buffer solution with an acidic pH value at elevated temperature, followed by long-term incubation at room temperature is necessary. After heating at 95 °C in a solution with pH 4.5, significant conformational rearrangements are observed in the porin molecule at the level of the tertiary and secondary structure of the protein, which are accompanied by an increase in the content of the total β-structure and a sharp decrease in the value of the characteristic viscosity of the protein solution. Subsequent long-term exposure of the resulting unstable intermediate YpOmpF at room temperature leads to the formation of porin aggregates of various shapes and sizes that bind thioflavin T, a specific fluorescent dye for the detection of amyloid-like protein structures. Compared to the initial protein, early intermediates of the amyloidogenic porin pathway, oligomers, have been shown to have increased toxicity to Neuro-2aCCL-131™ mouse neuroblastoma cells. The results of computer modeling and analysis of changes in intrinsic fluorescence during protein aggregation suggest that during the formation of amyloid-like aggregates, changes in the structure of YpOmpF affect not only areas with an internally disordered structure corresponding to the external loops of the porin, but also the main framework of the molecule, which has a rigid spatial structure inherent to β-barrel.
First Measurements at Neutron Reflectometers TNR and NERO-2
Authors: Dyachkov M. V. , Matveev V. A. , Syromyatnikov V. G. , Tarnavich V. V. , Ulyanov V. A.
Published: December 2024

Paper briefly describes the main units of TNR and NERO-2 neutron reflectometers installed in the hall of horizontal experimental channels of the new high flux PIK-reactor (NRC “Kurchatov Institute”– PNPI) as part of the program for commissioning the first five stations of the instrument base of this reactor. TNR and NERO-2 neutron reflectometers are designed for conducting studies of the magnetic and non-magnetic multilayer nanostructures, including certification of neutron-optical elements for the neutron stations. The TNR has the ability to work in measurement modes with “white” unpolarized/polarized beams and with monochromatic unpolarized/polarized neutron beams (wavelengths from 0.09 to 0.5 nm). NERO-2 is a high-resolution reflectometer with a fixed wavelength and the ability to work with both non-polarized and polarized monochromatic beams. The paper discusses the results of the first measurements of neutron-optical samples on a glass substrates carried out on TNR and NERO-2 reflectometers at the start of the PIK reactor at a power of 7 MW. Measurements were carried out on TNR with a supermirror, which is an aperiodic multilayer nanosystem of 171 pairs of alternating Ni and Ti layers (m = 2.5). On NERO-2, measurements were carried out with a mirror monochromator, which is a periodic multilayer nanosystem of 60 pairs of alternating NiMo and Ti layers with a thickness of 60 Å each.
Read-Out System for Thermal Neutron Detectors Based on ZnS(Ag)/LiF Scintillator
Authors: Marin V. N. , Trunov D. N. , Litvin V. S. , Sadykov R. A. , Altynbaev E. V.
Published: December 2024

Neutron scintillation detectors based on ZnS(Ag)/LiF, solid-state photomultipliers, and an organic glass lightguide developed at INR RAS are successfully used in neutron diffractometers facilities at INR RAS as a replacement for standard counters based on 3He. These detectors use optical lightguide with diffuse reflection, which makes it possible to multiply the recorded signal (up to 95 photoelectrons) in comparison with detectors with wavelength shifting fibers. The paper describes 2 types of types of bias circuit for silicon photomultipliers. A method of dynamic bias has been proposed, which makes it possible to reduce the recovery time of a silicon photomultiplier and 8 times increase the loading capacity of neutron detectors. Simulation and comparison of 2 types of preamplifiers showed an increase in the loading capacity. The new electronics makes it possible to increase the loading capacity of the detectors up to 400 kHz. A circuit for digital control of discrimination thresholds has been developed and described. A new data acquisition system for time-of-flight neutron diffractometers for 80 detectors with the possibility of scaling has also been developed.
Rotating Magnetic Gravitational Trap for Storing Ultracold Neutrons
Authors: Serebrov A. P. , Fomin A. K. , Klyushnikov G. N. , Koptyukhov A. O. , Murashkin A. N.
Published: December 2024

The paper proposes an experiment to measure the neutron lifetime by storing ultracold neutrons in a rotating magnetic trap. The magnetic trap is a set of NdFeB permanent magnets. By rotating the trap around a horizontal axis, it is possible to carry out gravitational capture of ultracold neutrons and their holding. A design option is presented when two traps are located in one installation on the same axis: material and magnetic. The sensitivity of the magnetic trap was assessed in comparison with the material one under equal measurement conditions. One of the factors influencing the systematic error of the experiment will be the process of neutron depolarization in a magnetic field. Therefore, the paper considers the issue of developing a magnetic system that minimizes the probability of neutron depolarization. The so-called turbine effect is also considered, which can manifest itself in a change in the energy of ultracold neutrons during rotation due to interaction with the flat faces of the trap. The proposed gravitational capture of ultracold neutrons in a magnetic trap is a fundamentally new approach that has never been implemented before. The experiment can be carried out on the ultracold neutron source under construction at the PIK reactor.
Effect of Phosphorus-Containing Dispersant on the Microstructure and Optical Properties of Scintillation Ceramic (Gd, Y)3(Al, Ga)5O12:Ce with Garnet Structure
Authors: Karpyuk P. V. , Ermakova L. V. , Dubov V. V. , Lelekova D. E. , Saifutyarov R. R. , Zhdanov P. A. , Malozovskaya M. S. , Komendo I. Y. , Sokolov P. S. , Bondarau A. G. , Korzhik M. V.
Published: December 2024

Phosphoric acid ester, a typical component of commercial dispersants, affects the functional properties of Gd1.494Y1.494Ce0.012Al2Ga3O12 ceramics. In sintered ceramics, the residual phosphorus can reach up to 40–70% of the introduced amount. The admixture of phosphorus located on the surfaces of the particles activates the grain growth during sintering and leads to the formation of secondary phases of rare-earth phosphates. With increasing phosphorus concentration, the density and optical transmittance of ceramics decrease. Relatively small amount of phosphorus can improve the luminescence properties of ceramics, but large amounts can increase phosphorescence and reduce the scintillation light yield.
DEVELOPMENT OF SOVIET CAREER GUIDANCE IN THE 1920–30s: POLITICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL ASPECT
Authors: Milovanov K. Yu.
Published: December 2024

The article discusses issues of research into the development of Soviet career guidance in the 1920–30s. The importance of studying the historical experience of career guidance in the unified labor school system is substantiated. The objectives, priorities and leading factors of the development of the school segment of the domestic industrial psychotechnics are characterized. The trends in the development of the process of rationalization of production, professional selection, professional assortment, classification of professions, professional advice are considered. The analysis of the views of outstanding teachers, psychologists, physiologists and biologists on the problems of choosing a future profession, the formation of mechanisms for school career guidance, and the readiness of the younger generation for independent work is presented.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROCESS OF CAREER SELF-DETERMINATION OF SCHOOLCHILDREN IN RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN PEDAGOGY FROM THE 1980s TO THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE XXI CENTURY
Authors: Boguslavsky M. V. , Vorontsova E. A.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the process of maintaining the career self-determination of schoolchildren from 1980s to the 1st quarter of the XXI century. The data presented on the formation and development process in foreign, Soviet and post-Soviet school practice and pedagogy and introduced key cases of the genesis of the problem of career self-determination of schoolchildren contribute to the detection of the trends and prospects for further development of the modern system of school career guidance.
PEDAGOGICAL INFLUENCE ON THE EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF A YOUNG CHILD IN THE MONTESSORI ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Palkina T. V.
Published: December 2024

This article explores the impact of the Montessori approach on the emotional development of children from birth to the age of three years. How do the Montessori principles of prepared environment and orientation towards the child development contribute to the formation of his/her emotional stability, self-regulation, and social skills? The authors analyze theories of attachment, emotional intelligence, and sociocultural development, drawing parallels between the contemporary research and the Montessori approach. The research analyzes the emotional state of children and development of their world perception in the toddler-group. The positive results of an early emotional education have been also revealed.
ON THE ISSUE OF THE CONTENT OF THE “TEACHER’S INDIVIDUAL EDUCATIONAL ROUTE” CONCEPT IN REGULATORY DOCUMENTS
Authors: Veidt V. P.
Published: December 2024

The factors promoting the growth of conceptual ambiguousness in Pedagogical Science are presented in the article. The ambiguous concepts interpretation and discrepancies in their definitions in the regulatory documents in Education are allocated among them. Three essential approaches to the definition of the content of the “teacher’s individual educational route” concept are submitted as the result of the academic literature analysis. It proves the absence of the common understanding of the essence of the concept under consideration. Moreover, the paper contains the results of the provided content analysis of the regulatory documents, approved during the last five years in the frame of the realization of the “Education” National project, when defining and characterizing the concept of the teacher’s individual educational route, which allowed to conclude the difference not only in the definitions, but also in essential characteristics of the concept. It is concluded that the problem of the content of the “teacher’s individual educational route” concept in the regulatory documents affects the approaches of organizing teachers’ research and methodology activity support in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation.
CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING THE ABILITY TO SYSTEMATIZE INFORMATION WHEN TEACHING LANGUAGE STUDENTS
Authors: Poddubnaja Ja. N. , Kotov K. S. , Kotova A. A.
Published: December 2024

This work considers the term “systematization” in a practical way. The ability to systematize, being an important meta-objective result of learning, causes certain difficulties in matters of its development, since the indicator of learning effectiveness directly depends on the criteria established for the development of a particular skill. There is a certain gap in the scientific literature in determining the criteria for the level of formation of the ability to systematize information. Determining the level of development of the ability to systematize information by students of language programs also causes some difficulty. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the analysis and development of criteria for the formation of the ability to systematize information necessary both for the development of this skill and for assessing the level of development of this skill.
INCREASING PRESTIGE OF THE TEACHING PROFESSION AS THE STATE’S STRATEGIC TASK
Authors: Ryazantseva M. V. , Yakushova E. S.
Published: December 2024

The given work aimed to study the prestige of the teaching profession in the Russian society and to develop recommendations for improving the social status of a teacher in modern conditions. During the research, Russian ratings of the prestige of professions were analyzed, and a survey among students was conducted to study their attitude to the teaching profession. As the result of the study, the authors summarized the factors influencing the decline in the prestige of the profession of a “higher school teacher” and gave the recommendations for attracting young personnel to the teaching profession.
A POSSIBLE VECTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERING AND ECONOMIC EDUCATION
Authors: Krotenko T. Yu.
Published: December 2024

The need to adapt to rapidly developing scientific and technological progress determines the urgent use of innovative methods in the preparation and additional training of specialists for effective work in the real economy, mainly its leading representatives – engineers. In the context of the globalization of the international economy, the importance of quality education for new engineers is increasing. Domestic engineers will have to solve the problem of technological modernization of national industry and enter new markets with innovative products. Therefore, a closer study, penetration into the cultural traditions, philosophical and historical roots of modern engineering education is relevant. As a result, the need to create a new type of educational space becomes obvious. The article reinforces the idea of a new vector for the development of continuous engineering education. This strategy is based on the traditions and principles of transdisciplinarity and “feeds” engineering education with knowledge, skills, and abilities in the economic, socio-psychological, linguistic and information, and communication spheres.
ПРОВЕДЕНИЕ ПАМЯТНОГО ДНЯ "БЕЗ СРОКА ДАВНОСТИ"
Authors: КИКНАДЗЕ В.Г. , САЕНКО А.С. , СКЛЯРОВА Н.Ю.
Published: December 2024

В методическом пособии представлен комплекс материалов, призванный оказать поддержку педагогам, вожатым по проведению в образовательной организации и детском лагере гражданско-патриотических мероприятий, посвященных истории Великой Отечественной войны 1941–1945 годов, сохранению исторической памяти о жертвах преступлений нацистов и их пособников.

Материал, представленный в пособии, объединен по трем возрастным категориям: младший школьный, младший подростковый и старший подростковый. Для каждой возрастной группы представлены сценарии, разработки бесед, часов памяти, даны рекомендации по проведению конкурсов, выставок, просмотров, обсуждению фильмов и т.д.

Пособие рекомендовано педагогическим работникам общеобразовательных организаций, профессиональных образовательных организаций, образовательных организаций высшего и дополнительного образования в рамках воспитательной работы по тематике проекта «Без срока давности».
СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ УРОК ИСТОРИИ
Authors: САПЛИНА Е.В.
Published: December 2024

Учебное пособие посвящено актуальной теме: современный урок в школе. Как правильно определять цель урока, формулировать предметные и метапредметные результаты, какие образовательные технологии эффективно использовать на разных этапах урока. Пособие предназначено для студентов педагогических вузов, учителей истории.
Investigation of applicability of different approaches to calculation of geostrophic currents on the example of under-ice eddies forming ice rings on Lake Baikal
Authors: Aslamov I.A. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Zhdanov A.A. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Granin N.G. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Blinov V.V. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Zyryanov D.V. ,   Water Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina Str., 3, Moscow, 119333, Russia, Gnatovsky R.Yu. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
Published: December 2024

This work is devoted to the study of the spatial distribution of horizontal currents in subglacial anticyclonic eddies leading to the formation of ring structures on the spring ice of Lake Baikal. The horizontal fields of geostrophic currents were calculated using the dynamic method, with the main attention paid to the comparison of different approaches to the calculation of water density, including the TEOS-10 software package specially adapted for Baikal conditions. Measured water temperature and conductivity in the area of the ring structure in 2009 were used as input data. And as reference data - series of profiles of velocity and direction of currents in a similar vortex in 2020, measured for the first time. Comparisons showed that the use of outdated methods (such as the Krotova method or the Chen-Millero equation) leads to significant discrepancies with real measurements, while the adapted TEOS-10 package demonstrates the best agreement. In general, the dynamic approach proved to be valid and can be successfully applied to study the flow fields in Lake Baikal. In the course of the conducted studies, a number of characteristic features of the current structure in the investigated subglacial circulations were revealed and described for the first time.
The dichotomy of culture and civilization in Turkish sociology
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Savchenko Irina A.
Published: December 2024

The dichotomy of culture and civilization was substantiated at the beginning of the last cen-tury by O. Spengler and N. Berdyaev. But on a global scale, not all sociological traditions have developed the idea of contrasting culture (everything unique, organic, connected with human inspiration) and civilization (formulaic, inorganic, consumer). The concept was quite popular in the Russian emigrant scientific community and, since the late 1980s, has been the subject of scientific discussions in Russia. At the same time, it is revealed that the idea of the dichotomy of culture and civi-lization, since the middle of the XX century, has been extremely popular in Turkish sociol-ogy.
As a source base, the work uses review articles by Gurjan Shevket and Celaleddin Çelik, which set out the views of the most famous Turkish sociologists (M. Eröz, I. Baltacıoğlu, Z. Gökalp, E. Güngör) on the dichotomy of culture and civilization.
By culture, these sociologists understand pre-cisely Turkish culture, and unlike O. Spengler and N. Berdyaev, they see in civilization not so much an inevitable evil as a set of useful Western technologies that the Turkish people can adopt during the transition to a modern formation (according to Marx's idea, the proletariat should have done this). Turkish sociologists call a culture armed with Western achievements “modernity” with the light hand of Z. Gökalp. Thus, Turkish sociologists, in fact, argue the position according to which civiliza-tion (with all its achievements) is assimilated by a modernized culture (modernity within one nation), and not vice versa. As with N. Berdyaev, culture and civilization correspond respectively as an end and a means (E. Gün-gör). Unlike N. Berdyaev, Turkish authors treat “means” pragmatically: as tools for the devel-opment of a modern, but at the same time distinctive national culture.
The dichotomous method and elements of sys-tems theory are used as the main tools in the article.
Game ontology of digital reality
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Astashova Nadezhda D.
Published: December 2024

The article about problems arising around the ontology formed by computer games. The researcher is faced with the task of systematizing and clarifying conclusions regarding the changed parameters of the game in connection with the development of network technologies, as well as the ideological position of a person involved in computer and gaming interactions. The method of critical analysis is aimed at clarifying the current philosophical position in relation to gaming computer reality. This research considers the actual concepts of the game, the coordinates of the game reality, and the properties of a computer game as “being-at-a-distance” and “being-a-part”. The author concludes that since computer virtuality is embedded in modern concepts of being, today, a computer game is not just a departure from reality into the world of fantasy, but may serve a very specific practice that allows you to get a multifaceted experience that is inaccessible to a person in everyday life. Correlating with the information-overloaded and extremely rational, pragmatic world of modern humanity, the game space appears as a virtual dream world, returning the state of the ancient / mythological “enchantment”, when the world created by digital technologies begins to surprise and delight. However, a careful analysis of the reality formed by computer games demonstrates that, positioning itself as a game with complete “freedom” of action, upon closer examination it turns out to be a logically thought-out system based on ambivalence. On the one hand, the game is autonomous and assumes the realization of the player's own desires; on the other, the presence of game rules reflects the collective needs. In a computer game, incompatible processes are connected, supported and resolved as a joke on a person, his or her inconsistency in this world. A computer game allows you to look into an alternative universe, through the reproduction of events in the game, to experience other patterns, other cultural, ethical principles, as well as the consequences of their application.