bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Locke's Place‐Time‐Kind Principle
Authors: Gordon‐Roth Jessica
Published: April 2015

John Locke discusses the notions of identity and diversity in Book 2, Chapter 27 of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. At the beginning of this much‐discussed chapter, Locke posits the place‐time‐kind principle. According to this principle, no two things of the same kind can be in the same place at the same time (2.27.1). Just what Locke means by this is unclear, however. So too is whether this principle causes problems for Locke, and whether these problems can be resolved. This is significant because the place‐time‐kind principle is foundational to Locke's discussion of identity. Moreover, the place‐time‐kind principle stands at the center of a number of lively and long‐standing debates in Locke scholarship. These include the debates over the ontological status of Lockean persons, and whether Locke is a relative identity theorist, to name just two. In this paper, I offer a survey of how Locke's place‐time‐kind principle has been interpreted in the secondary literature. The aim of this taxonomy is to clarify where the differences between competing interpretations lie, and additionally show just how challenging it is to determine which reading is best.
Modality and Paradox
Authors: Uzquiano Gabriel
Published: April 2015

Philosophers often explain what could be the case in terms of what is, in fact, the case at one possible world or another. They may differ in what they take possible worlds to be or in their gloss of what is for something to be the case at a possible world. Still, they stand united by the threat of paradox. A family of paradoxes akin to the set‐theoretic antinomies seem to allow one to derive a contradiction from apparently plausible principles. Some of them concern the interaction between propositions and worlds, and they appear to afford the means to map classes of propositions into propositions – or, likewise, classes of worlds into worlds – in a one‐to‐one fashion that leads to contradiction. Yet another family of paradoxes threaten the view that whatever could exist does, in fact, exist, which is in line with modal realism, for example. This article aims to survey and identify the source of each family of paradoxes as well as to outline some responses to them.
Responses in metabolic rate to changes in temperature in diapausing Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata from three European populations
Authors: Lehmann Philipp , Piiroinen Saija , Lyytinen Anne , Lindström Leena
Published: April 2015

Many insects survive adverse periods in seasonal environments by entering diapause, a deep resting stage, during which energy consumption is typically low and gas exchange is in the form of a discontinuous gas exchange cycle (DGC). Because insects in high‐latitude environments are severely time constrained during summer, an effective diapause termination with careful regulation of metabolic rate is important. The present study examines whether diapausing Colorado potato beetles Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say originating from three latitudinally different regions in Europe differ in their quantitative or qualitative gas exchange patterns in response to an increasing temperature. Overall production of gaseous CO2, as well as qualitative patterns relating to the DGC, are measured at a late stage of diapause at four different temperatures in increasing order from 13, 18, 23 to 28 °C. Overall CO2 production is found to be lower in the two northern populations (61°49′N and 55°75′N) compared with the southernmost population (45°48′N) but increases as a function of temperature in all populations in a similar way. However, in the northern populations, raising the temperature increases the amount of CO2 discharged during single DGC peaks, whereas the DGC frequency remains relatively unchanged. By contrast, in the southernmost population, the amount of CO2 discharged during individual DGC peaks remains relatively unchanged, whereas the DGC frequency increases as a function of temperature. The observed differences may relate to water retention benefits or, alternatively, energetic benefits relating to heightened gas exchange efficiency in hypoxic or hypercapnic environments. Overall, the results suggest that, although populations of L. decemlineata may have similar thermal sensitivities, they have different qualitative strategies to regulate metabolic re‐activation at diapause termination.
Social Context of Preterm Delivery in France in 2011 and Impact on Short‐Term Health Outcomes: the EPIPAGE 2 Cohort Study
Authors: Germany Laurence , Saurel‐Cubizolles Marie‐Josèphe , Ehlinger Virginie , Napoletano Anthony , Alberge Corine , Guyard‐Boileau Beatrice , Pierrat Veronique , Genolini Christophe , Ancel Pierre‐Yves , Arnaud Catherine ,   EPIPAGE Study Group
Published: April 2015

Background

Low socio‐economic context increases the risk of preterm delivery and may affect short‐term outcomes in children born preterm. We described the social context of preterm delivery in France in 2011 and compared it with the general population of deliveries over the same period. We also studied how social context influenced pregnancy and delivery characteristics in the preterm population, and how it affected mortality and short‐term morbidity in liveborn preterm children (<35 weeks).

Methods

We created an individual socio‐economic vulnerability index, derived from multiple correspondence analysis based on maternal social information in the French National Perinatal Survey (NPS‐2010). Weighted coordinates were applied to families from the EPIPAGE 2 study, a population‐based cohort of preterm infants born in 2011, to quantify the infant's exposure to socio‐economic vulnerability. Multivariable logistic models were used to relate the socio‐economic context to pregnancy and delivery characteristics, and to assess its impact on short‐term outcomes of the infants.

Results

Among mothers of preterm infants, gestational age decreased as socio‐economic conditions worsened. In the most deprived group, women had more irregular pregnancy care, a higher prevalence of infection during pregnancy, and a lower rate of antenatal corticosteroid administration. The most deprived group was associated with a higher risk of severe morbidity for the preterm neonates.

Conclusion

Our results emphasise the need for a large population‐based surveillance system to identify the most deprived mothers, and to propose appropriate follow‐up and care to these women and their infants in order to enhance long‐term health.
Massed and distributed repetition of natural scenes: Brain potentials and oscillatory activity
Authors: Ferrari Vera , Bradley Margaret M. , Codispoti Maurizio , Lang Peter J.
Published: April 2015

Neural measures of repetition can result in either repetition suppression or enhancement effects, with enhancement sometimes interpreted as indicating episodic retrieval, rather than stimulus habituation. Here, we manipulated whether repetitions were massed (consecutive) or distributed (intermixed) and measured event‐related potentials and oscillatory activity, investigating the question of whether there is evidence of “spontaneous” episodic retrieval for distributed, but not massed, repetition. Results showed that distributed repetition uniquely prompted a significant centroparietal old‐new effect as well as enhanced theta, compared to either novel presentations or massed repetitions, consistent with a hypothesis of spontaneous retrieval. Massed repetition, on the other hand, prompted repetition suppression and reduction of the N2/P2. Taken together, the data suggest that distributed repetition may facilitate later memory performance because it spontaneously retrieves prior representations.
Personality and emotional processing: A relationship between extraversion and the late positive potential in adolescence
Authors: Speed Brittany C. , Nelson Brady D. , Perlman Greg , Klein Daniel N. , Kotov Roman , Hajcak Greg
Published: April 2015

Neuroticism and extraversion are multifaceted affective‐laden personality traits that have been associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Research and theory have argued that extraversion, and particularly its facet positive emotionality, is specific to MDD, while neuroticism is common across internalizing disorders. Converging evidence has suggested that MDD is associated with reduced engagement with emotional stimuli, but it remains unclear whether either extraversion, neuroticism, or both modulate reactivity to emotional cues. The late positive potential (LPP) is an event‐related brain potential that is uniquely suited to assess engagement with emotional stimuli because it reflects sustained attention toward emotional content. The current study examined the LPP in relation to personality traits that may confer risk for depression by examining the relationship between the LPP and both neuroticism and extraversion in never‐depressed adolescent girls. Specifically, 550 girls aged 13.5–15.5 with no lifetime history of depression completed an emotional picture‐viewing task, and the LPP was measured in response to neutral, pleasant, and unpleasant pictures. Personality traits were gathered via self‐ and informant report. Results indicated that high extraversion was associated with a potentiated LPP to emotional pictures—and this effect was accounted for by positive emotionality in particular. In contrast, there was no association between the LPP and neuroticism or its facets. The present study is one of the first to demonstrate that extraversion is associated with variation in neural indices of emotional picture processing, similar to what has been observed among individuals with depression and at high risk for depression.
Disinfection of teleost eggs: a review
Authors: De Swaef Evelien , Van den Broeck Wim , Dierckens Kristof , Decostere Annemie
Published: April 2015

In aquaculture hatcheries, egg disinfection is commonly employed as a mortality mitigation and disease management tool. In addition, disinfection protocols are utilized in research facilities, as a means to create axenic and gnotobiotic larval models. For the latter, a complete sterilization of the eggs is warranted. Multiple research groups have tested various disinfectants in fish eggs adopting different protocols and a range of parameters to evaluate their efficacy and safety. However, there is a clear lack of a critical review listing these different studies and stressing the advantages and shortcomings of the protocols and adopted disinfectants. This review provides a commented survey of the findings/experiments on the most frequently used and upcoming disinfecting products, the protocols in which they are included and their purposes with emphasis on decreasing bacterial and/or fungal load, underscoring the benefits and the limitations of each product. Supplemented with a critical note, this review assists both aquaculturists and researchers in making an informed choice. Moreover, it will help stakeholders to identify the gaps in knowledge where future research on egg disinfection is needed.
Bootstrapping the Portmanteau Tests in Weak Auto-Regressive Moving Average Models
Authors: Zhu Ke
Published: April 2015

The paper uses a random-weighting (RW) method to bootstrap the critical values for the Ljung–Box or Monti portmanteau tests and weighted Ljung–Box or Monti portmanteau tests in weak auto-regressive moving average models. Unlike the existing methods, no user-chosen parameter is needed to implement the RW method. As an application, these four tests are used to check the model adequacy in power generalized auto-regressive conditional heteroscedasticity models. Simulation evidence indicates that the weighted portmanteau tests have a power advantage over other existing tests. A real example on the Standard and Poor's 500 index illustrates the merits of our testing procedure. As an extension, the blockwise RW method is also studied.
Using Post-Outcome Measurement Information in Censoring-by-Death Problems
Authors: Yang Fan , Small Dylan S.
Published: April 2015

Many clinical studies on non-mortality outcomes such as quality of life suffer from the problem that the non-mortality outcome can be censored by death, i.e. the non-mortality outcome cannot be measured if the subject dies before the time of measurement. To address the problem that this censoring by death is informative, it is of interest to consider the average effect of the treatment on the non-mortality outcome among subjects whose measurement would not be censored under either treatment or control, which is called the survivor average causal effect (SACE). The SACE is not point identified under usual assumptions but bounds can be constructed. The previous literature on bounding the SACE uses only the survival information before the measurement of the non-mortality outcome. However, survival information after the measurement of the non-mortality outcome could also be informative. For randomized trials, we propose a set of ranked average score assumptions that make use of survival information before and after the measurement of the non-mortality outcome which are plausibly satisfied in many studies and we develop a two-step linear programming approach to obtain the closed form for bounds on the SACE under our assumptions. We also extend our method to randomized trials with non-compliance or observational studies with a valid instrumental variable to obtain bounds on the complier SACE which is presented in on-line supplementary material. We apply our method to a randomized trial of the effect of mechanical ventilation with lower tidal volume versus traditional tidal volume for acute lung injury patients. Our bounds on the SACE are much shorter than the bounds that are obtained by using only the survival information before the measurement of the non-mortality outcome.
AnM-Estimator of Spatial Tail Dependence
Authors: Einmahl John H. J. , Kiriliouk Anna , Krajina Andrea , Segers Johan
Published: April 2015

Tail dependence models for distributions attracted to a max-stable law are fitted by using observations above a high threshold. To cope with spatial, high dimensional data, a rank-based M-estimator is proposed relying on bivariate margins only. A data-driven weight matrix is used to minimize the asymptotic variance. Empirical process arguments show that the estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal. Its finite sample performance is assessed in simulation experiments involving popular max-stable processes perturbed with additive noise. An analysis of wind speed data from the Netherlands illustrates the method.
Suicide Ideations, Suicide Attempts, and Completed Suicide in Persons with Pathological Gambling and Their First‐Degree Relatives
Authors: Black Donald W. , Coryell William , Crowe Raymond , McCormick Brett , Shaw Martha , Allen Jeff
Published: April 2015

We examined the relationship between suicidal ideations and attempts in 95 probands with pathological gambling (PG), 91 controls, and 1075 first‐degree relatives. The results were analyzed using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. Thirty‐four PG probands (35.8%) and 4 controls (4.4%) had attempted suicide (OR = 12.12, p < .001); in 13 probands, the attempt occurred before PG onset. Lifetime suicidal ideations occurred in 60 PG probands (63.2%) and 12 controls (13.2%) (OR = 11.29, p < .001). Suicidality in PG probands is a marker of PG severity and is associated with greater psychiatric comorbidity. Offspring of PG probands had significantly higher rates of suicide attempts than control offspring.
Dealing with Difference in Desistance Theory: The Promise of Intersectionality for New Avenues of Inquiry
Authors: Fader Jamie J. , Traylor LaTosha L.
Published: April 2015

The last two decades have witnessed a rapid growth in research and theorizing about the desistance process, namely the causal mechanisms behind the termination or slowing of offending that frequently accompany adulthood. This flurry of scholarly activity has been spurred by both the ascendance of the life course paradigm of criminology, which examines patterns of criminal offending over the life span, but also by the very real practical demands of supporting the transitions of over 700,000 former prisoners released to their communities each year.

The field of desistance theory has expanded upon its original formulations that were largely (although not exclusively) based on White males and has recently turned to examining (1) the potential invariance of desistance processes for members of other groups and (2) the unique experiences of reentry and pathways to desistance for sub‐groups. In this essay, we review these recent developments, particularly as they relate to women, persons of color, and incarcerated youth. Finally, we turn to the intersectionality framework, which examines the social location of individuals within interlocking systems of oppression (e.g., race, class, gender, age, sexual orientation, and ability, among others). We conclude with some suggestions for how intersectionality could be used to expand the conceptual and practical boundaries of research on desistance and reentry.
Girls Just Want to Have Fun (Too): Complicating the Study of Femininity and Women's Leisure
Authors: Stalp Marybeth C.
Published: April 2015

Sociology is the study of society. However, not all aspects of society get the same scholarly attention by academics. Throughout my research program, I have highlighted some of the lesser‐covered areas of society, like feminine leisure seen in activities such as quilting, knitting, and membership in the Red Hat Society. In this article, I discuss how the development of sociology as a discipline has focused on public matters in society like the economy, leaving non‐economic or private activities with less attention. My research on women's feminine leisure from a third‐wave feminism perspective importantly addresses a gap in the discipline.
Capturing Changes in Social Identities over Time and How They Become Part of the Self‐concept
Authors: Amiot Catherine E. , de la Sablonniere Roxane , Smith Laura G. E. , Smith Joanne R.
Published: April 2015

How people come to develop a feeling of belongingness to a new social group and orchestrate this new group membership with pre‐existing identities within the self‐concept is a theoretically and socially relevant phenomenon that has received increased scientific attention in recent years. Models from different fields of psychology – including social, cultural, and organizational psychology – have proposed factors involved in this change and integration process along with consequences of this phenomenon. We present overview of this literature, including a recent model on the process of identity integration: the cognitive‐developmental model of social identity integration. Specifically, this model highlights the fundamental cognitive and developmental processes involved as people develop new social identifications and integrate their different identities into their overall self‐concept. We then present recent empirical evidence testing the model. Finally, we propose conceptual, methodological, and statistical avenues for future research on identity change and integration.
Pulmonary mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor in a lung transplant patient: progression without therapy and response to therapy
Authors: Franco M. , Amoroso A. , Burke A.P. , Britt E.J. , Reed R.M.
Published: April 2015

Mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor (MSP) represents a rare, non‐malignant, mass‐forming reaction to various mycobacterial infections, typically occurring in immunocompromised patients. It is characterized by the proliferation of spindle‐shaped fibrohistiocytic cells without the formation of epithelioid granulomas. Without staining for acid‐fast bacilli, histological distinction from other spindle cell lesions, including malignancy, can be difficult. Most of the MSP cases reported in the literature have involved lymph nodes, skin, spleen, or bone marrow, but rarely involve the lung. MSP predominately occurs in patients who are immunosuppressed. We present a patient with MSP of the transplanted lung caused by non‐tuberculous mycobacteria, in whom both the natural course of the untreated pseudotumor as well as the response to antimycobacterial treatments were observed.
A land plant‐specific thylakoid membrane protein contributes to photosystem II maintenance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Liu Jun , Last Robert L.
Published: April 2015

The structure and function of photosystem II (PSII) are highly susceptible to photo‐oxidative damage induced by high‐fluence or fluctuating light. However, many of the mechanistic details of how PSII homeostasis is maintained under photoinhibitory light remain to be determined. We describe an analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana gene At5g07020, which encodes an unannotated integral thylakoid membrane protein. Loss of the protein causes altered PSII function under high‐irradiance light, and hence it is named ‘Maintenance of PSII under High light 1’ (MPH1). The MPH1 protein co‐purifies with PSII core complexes and co‐immunoprecipitates core proteins. Consistent with a role in PSII structure, PSII complexes (supercomplexes, dimers and monomers) of the mph1 mutant are less stable in plants subjected to photoinhibitory light. Accumulation of PSII core proteins is compromised under these conditions in the presence of translational inhibitors. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the mutant has enhanced PSII protein damage rather than defective repair. These data are consistent with the distribution of the MPH1 protein in grana and stroma thylakoids, and its interaction with PSII core complexes. Taken together, these results strongly suggest a role for MPH1 in the protection and/or stabilization of PSII under high‐light stress in land plants.
Failure of self‐disclosure of deferrable risk behaviors associated with transfusion‐transmissible infections in blood donors
Authors: Wong Horas Tze Hoo , Lee Shui Shan , Lee Cheuk‐Kwong , Chan Denise Pui Chung
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND

To date, most studies on deferral of blood donors have focused on men who have sex with men (MSM) and/or injecting drug users. Few have examined deferrable risk behaviors relating to transfusion‐transmissible infections (TTIs) in general. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of, and factors associated with, nondisclosure of TTI‐related risk behaviors in donors.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Chinese‐speaking donors who had just given blood in Hong Kong were invited to self‐complete an anonymous questionnaire. Practices of one or more of seven deferrable risk behaviors associated with TTI were inquired. Factors associated with noncompliance with self‐disclosure were evaluated by logistic regression.

RESULTS

Over a 4‐week study period in 2012, a total of 1143 donors were recruited. Overall, 0.2% gave a history of drug injection, 1.7% had had sex with sex worker(s), and 0.3% had had sex with a human immunodeficiency virus–infected partner, while none had been paid for sex. Some 1.5% of male donors reported having same‐sex behaviors. Factors associated with noncompliance were male gender (odds ratio [OR] 31.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7‐263.6), having multiple sex partners (OR, 89.7; 95% CI, 28.7‐279.9), and previous history of temporary deferral (OR, 11.4; 95% CI, 2.5‐53.3). If suspected noncompliance was included, the overall prevalence of nondisclosure of deferrable behaviors could be high at 6.5%.

CONCLUSION

Albeit uncommon, some donors fail to provide accurate answers to predonation screening questions and are not deferred appropriately. There is room for improvement to make deferral policy acceptable and understandable, so as to minimize the risk of TTI. Efforts are also needed to tackle the paucity of data on noncompliance of non‐MSM donors.
CT AND MRI FEATURES OF CAROTID BODY PARAGANGLIOMAS IN 16 DOGS
Authors: Mai Wilfried , Seiler Gabriela S. , Lindl‐bylicki Britany J. , Zwingenberger Allison L.
Published: April 2015

Carotid body tumors (paragangliomas) arise from chemoreceptors located at the carotid bifurcation. In imaging studies, this neoplasm may be confused with other neck neoplasms such as thyroid carcinoma. The purpose of this retrospective, cross‐sectional study was to describe computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of confirmed carotid body tumors in a multi‐institutional sample of dogs. A total of 16 dogs met inclusion criteria (14 examined using CT and two with MRI). The most common reason for imaging was a palpable cervical mass or respiratory signs (i.e., dyspnea or increased respiratory noises). The most commonly affected breed was Boston terrier (n = 5). Dogs were predominantly male castrated (n = 10) and the median age was 9 years [range 3–14.5]. Most tumors appeared as a large mass centered at the carotid bifurcation, with poor margination in six dogs and discrete margins in ten dogs. Masses were iso‐ to hypoattenuating to adjacent muscles in CT images and hyperintense to muscles in T1‐ and T2‐weighted MRI. For both CT and MRI, masses typically showed strong and heterogeneous contrast enhancement. There was invasion into the adjacent structures in 9/16 dogs. In six of these nine dogs, the basilar portion of the skull was affected. The external carotid artery was entrapped in seven dogs. There was invasion into the internal jugular vein in three dogs, and into the external jugular, maxillary, and linguo‐facial veins in one dog. Imaging characteristics helped explain some clinical presentations such as breathing difficulties, Horner's syndrome, head tilt, or facial nerve paralysis.
Mitochondrial genomes advance phylogenetic hypotheses for Tylenchina (Nematoda: Chromadorea)
Authors: Kim Jiyeon , Lee Sang‐Hwa , Gazi Mohiuddin , Kim Taeho , Jung Daewui , Chun Jae‐Yong , Kim Sanghee , Seo Tae‐Kun , Park Chungoo , Baldwin James G. , Nadler Steven A. , Park Joong‐Ki
Published: April 2015

Within the nematode class Chromadorea, the suborder Tylenchina is an ecologically and morphologically diverse assemblage of nematodes that includes free‐living microbivores, fungivores and various types of plant parasites. A recent nematode classification system based largely on SSU rDNA phylogenetic trees classified suborder Tylenchina to include four infraorders: Panagrolaimomorpha, Cephalobomorpha, Tylenchomorpha and Drilonematomorpha, and phylogenetic relationships among species of these infraorders have not always been robustly supported. In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of three Tylenchina species (Aphelenchus avenae [Aphelenchidae, Tylenchomorpha], Halicephalobus gingivalis, Panagrellus redivivus [Panagrolaimomorpha]) and the partial genome sequence of Acrobeles complexus (Cephalobomorpha) and used these sequences to infer phylogenetic relationships among representatives of the Tylenchina and other nematodes. Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences for 12 protein‐coding genes of 100 nematode species supports monophyly of: Chromadorea, Spiruromorpha, Oxyuridomorpha, Ascarididae + Toxocaridae + Anisakidae, Meloidogynidae + Pratylenchidae + Heteroderidae and Aphelenchoidea. Bayesian and maximum‐likelihood analyses also show the nested position of Diplogasteromorpha within Rhabditomorpha, and Rhigonematomorpha within Ascaridomorpha. These analyses also show non‐monophyly of: clade III, Ancylostomatidae, Panagrolaimomorpha, Tylenchina and Tylenchomorpha. Reconstructed mitochondrial genome phylogeny also revealed that among two main Tylenchomorpha groups, the monophyletic group representing Aphelenchoidea species was sister to the large clade consisting of Ascaridomorpha, Diplogasteromorpha, Rhabditomorpha and Rhigonematomorpha and some Panagrolaimomorpha species, whereas Tylenchoidea species were sister to the most inclusive assemblage containing all infraordinal groups of Chromadorea, except for P. redivivus (Panagrolaimomorpha) and Acrobeles complexus (Cephalobomorpha). The monophyly of Aphelenchoidea (i.e. sister relationship between Aphelenchidae and Aphelenchoididae) recovered in this study indicates that similarity in certain aspects of pharyngeal structure between these two families appears best explained by common ancestry, rather than convergent evolution.
Effect of Temperature on Microparticle Rebound Characteristics at Constant Impact Velocity—Part I
Authors: Delimont J. M. , Murdock M. K. , Ng W. F. , Ekkad S. V.
Published: April 2015

Many gas turbine engines operate in harsh environments where the engines ingest solid particles. Ingested particles accelerate the deterioration of engine components and reduce the engine's service life. Understanding particle impacts on materials used in gas turbines at representative engine conditions leads to improved designs for turbomachinery operating in particle-laden environments. Coefficient of restitution (COR) is a measure of particle/wall interaction and is used to study erosion and deposition. In this study, the effect of temperature (independent of velocity) on COR was investigated. Arizona road dust (ARD) of 20–40 μm size was injected into a flow field to measure the effects of temperature and velocity on particle rebound. Target coupon materials used were Stainless Steel 304 (SS304) and Hastelloy X (HX). Tests were performed at three different temperatures: 300 K (ambient), 873 K, and 1073 K. The velocity of the flow field was held constant at 28 m/s. The impingement angle of the bulk sand on the coupon was varied from 30 deg to 80 deg for each temperature tested. The COR was found to decrease substantially from the ambient case to the 873 K and 1073 K cases. The HX material exhibits a larger decrease in COR than the SS304 material. The results are also compared to previously published literatures. The decrease in COR is believed to be due to the changes in the surface of both materials due to oxide layer formation which occurs as the target material is heated.
Effect of Temperature on Microparticle Rebound Characteristics at Constant Impact Velocity—Part II
Authors: Delimont J. M. , Murdock M. K. , Ng W. F. , Ekkad S. V.
Published: April 2015

When gas turbine engines operate in environments where the intake air has some concentration of particles, the engine will experience degradation. Very few studies of such microparticles approaching their melting temperatures are available in open literature. The coefficient of restitution (COR), a measure of the particles' impact characteristics, was measured in this study of microparticles using a particle tracking technique. Part II of this study presents data taken using the Virginia Tech Aerothermal Rig and Arizona road dust (ARD) of 20–40 μm size range. Data were taken at temperatures up to and including 1323 K, where significant deposition of the sand particles was observed. The velocity at which the particles impact the surface was held at a constant 70 m/s for all of the temperature cases. The target on which the particles impacted was made of a nickel alloy, Hastelloy X. The particle angle of impact was also varied between 30 deg and 80 deg. Deposition of particles was observed as some particles approach their glass transition point and became molten. Other particles, which do not become molten due to different particle composition, rebounded and maintained a relatively high COR. Images were taken using a microscope to examine the particle deposition that occurs at various angles. A rebound ratio was formulated to give a measure of the number of particles which deposited on the surface. The results show an increase in deposition as the temperature approaches the melting temperature of sand.
Comparison of Performance and Unsteady Loads of Multimegawatt Downwind and Upwind Turbines
Authors: Frau Edoardo , Kress Christian , Chokani Ndaona , Abhari Reza S.
Published: April 2015

The benefits and drawbacks of a multimegawatt downwind compared to upwind wind turbine are assessed using unsteady, three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics. For the same operating conditions, the downwind turbine has a 3% higher output power and a similar mean flapwise root bending moment. However, in comparison to the upwind turbine, the downwind turbine has a 3% higher thrust and a factor 3 larger peak-to-peak unsteady loading. These features arise due to higher flow incidences on the blade, higher axial velocities ahead of the rotor, and higher loading on the inboard span of the blade when the downwind turbine is compared to the upwind turbine. Overall, it is concluded that the downwind turbine configuration may be better suited for the design of multimegawatt offshore wind turbines.
Offshore Wind Foundation Design: Some Key Issues
Authors: Dolores Esteban M. , López-Gutiérrez José-Santos , Negro Vicente , Matutano Clara , García-Flores Francisca M. , Millán M. Ángel
Published: April 2015

Despite the growth of the offshore wind industry, there are currently doubts relating to the design of wind facilities in the sea. This paper expounds current, already identified structural uncertainties: problems for soil characterization and transition piece (TP) design. This document also introduces new doubts or issues to be researched in the near future in this field (wave theory, scour process, wave load actions, scale difficulty, etc.), not as yet identified due to the scarce experience in the offshore wind industry. With this in mind, technical offshore wind standards related to foundation design have been reviewed.
Optimizing the Reliability and Performance of Remote Vehicle-to-Grid Systems Using a Minimal Set of Metrics
Authors: Skowronska Annette G. , Gorsich David J. , Pandey Vijitashwa , Mourelatos Zissimos P.
Published: April 2015

Vehicles connected to electric systems are considered “plug-in” vehicles. They can be an integral part of a microgrid. Ground vehicles have become more electrified over time, providing electrical power for the propulsion system (hybrid) and a complex suite of auxiliary power systems, enhancing their use in microgrids. Optimizing the microgrid system for performance and reliability considering many external loads and sources is a challenging problem. This is especially true when the plug-in vehicles may enter and leave the microgrid randomly becoming either sources or loads. The microgrid is a repairable system. Recent work has shown that multiple metrics are needed to fully account for the performance of repairable systems under uncertainty. In this paper, we propose a decision-based framework to design and maintain repairable systems for optimal performance and reliability using a set of metrics such as minimum failure free period (MFFP), number of failures in planning horizon, and cost. Optimal tradeoffs among a minimal set of metrics (MSOM) can be used in the design and maintenance of these systems. The optimal solution includes the initial design, the system maintenance throughout the planning horizon, and the protocol to operate the system. Critical remote military installations with plug-in vehicles connected to the microgrids require careful consideration of cost and repair strategies because of logistical challenges in performing repairs and supplying necessary spare parts in unsafe locations. We show how a MSOM helps to solve the complex optimization problem of finding the best microgrid power management strategy considering performance, reliability, and cost.
Myostatin dysfunction impairs force generation in extensor digitorum longus muscle and increases exercise-induced protein efflux from extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles
Authors: Baltusnikas Juozas , Kilikevicius Audrius , Venckunas Tomas , Fokin Andrej , Bünger Lutz , Lionikas Arimantas , Ratkevicius Aivaras
Published: April 2015

Myostatin dysfunction promotes muscle hypertrophy, which can complicate assessment of muscle properties. We examined force generating capacity and creatine kinase (CK) efflux from skeletal muscles of young mice before they reach adult body and muscle size. Isolated soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of Berlin high (BEH) mice with dysfunctional myostatin, i.e., homozygous for inactivating myostatin mutation, and with a wild-type myostatin (BEH+/+) were studied. The muscles of BEH mice showed faster (P < 0.01) twitch and tetanus contraction times compared with BEH+/+ mice, but only EDL displayed lower (P < 0.05) specific force. SOL and EDL of age-matched but not younger BEH mice showed greater exercise-induced CK efflux compared with BEH+/+ mice. In summary, myostatin dysfunction leads to impairment in muscle force generating capacity in EDL and increases susceptibility of SOL and EDL to protein loss after exercise.
A comparison of alternative data sources for modeling site index in loblolly pine plantations
Authors: Allen Micky G. , Burkhart Harold E.
Published: April 2015

Site index curves are generally developed from one of three data sources: (i) permanent sample plots, (ii) temporary sample plots, or (iii) stem analysis data. Permanent sample plots are considered to be the best data source for modeling height–age relationships; however, due to time and cost constraints, analysts may consider using temporary sample plots or stem analysis data for equation fitting. Temporary sample plot and stem analysis data, although more quickly obtained, require assumptions that are often not met when modeling site index. The question becomes how models developed from temporary sample plot or stem analysis data compare with models developed from permanent sample plot data. Data from a region-wide study in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations were used to develop site index curves from each of the three data sources. A form of the Chapman–Richards model was used for all three data sources to guard against confounding and to discern differences among the data sources when modeling height–age relationships. For the comparison and evaluation of behavior of different functions, the Schumacher model was also fitted to the three data sources. Curves developed from temporary sample plot and stem analysis data did not reproduce the height growth pattern exhibited in permanent sample plots, although curves derived from temporary plots were closer to the height growth pattern.
Cosmological SUSY breaking and the pyramid scheme
Authors: Banks Tom
Published: April 2015

I review the ideas of holographic spacetime (HST), cosmological SUSY breaking (CSB), and the Pyramid Schemes, which are the only known models of Tera-scale physics consistent with CSB, current particle data, and gauge coupling unification. There is considerable uncertainty in the estimate of the masses of supersymmetric partners of the Standard Model particles, but the model predicts that the gluino is probably out of reach of the LHC, squarks may be in reach, and the NLSP is a right-handed slepton, which should be discovered soon.
Time complexity of the conjugacy problem in relatively hyperbolic groups
Authors: Bumagin Inna
Published: April 2015

If u and v are two conjugate elements of a hyperbolic group then the length of a shortest conjugating element for u and v can be bounded by a linear function of the sum of their lengths, as was proved by Lysenok in [Some algorithmic properties of hyperbolic groups, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat. 53(4) (1989) 814–832, 912]. Bridson and Haefliger showed in [Metrics Spaces of Non-Positive Curvature (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1999)] that in a hyperbolic group the conjugacy problem can be solved in polynomial time. We extend these results to relatively hyperbolic groups. In particular, we show that both the conjugacy problem and the conjugacy search problem can be solved in polynomial time in a relatively hyperbolic group, whenever the corresponding problem can be solved in polynomial time in each parabolic subgroup. We also prove that if u and v are two conjugate hyperbolic elements of a relatively hyperbolic group then the length of a shortest conjugating element for u and v is linear in terms of their lengths.
Aspherical word labeled oriented graphs and cyclically presented groups
Authors: Harlander Jens , Rosebrock Stephan
Published: April 2015

A word labeled oriented graph (WLOG) is an oriented graph [Formula: see text] on vertices X = {x1,…,xn}, where each oriented edge is labeled by a word in X±1. WLOGs give rise to presentations which generalize Wirtinger presentations of knots. WLOG presentations, where the underlying graph is a tree, are of central importance in view of Whitehead's Asphericity Conjecture. We present a class of aspherical word labeled oriented graphs. This class can be used to produce highly non-injective aspherical labeled oriented trees and also aspherical cyclically presented groups.
Diffuse approximation to the kinetic theory in a Fermi system
Authors: Kolomietz V. M. , Lukyanov S. V.
Published: April 2015

We suggest the diffuse approach to the relaxation processes within the kinetic theory for the Wigner distribution function. The diffusion and drift coefficients are evaluated taking into consideration the interparticle collisions on the distorted Fermi surface. Using the finite range interaction, we show that the momentum dependence of the diffuse coefficient Dp(p) has a maximum at Fermi momentum p = pF whereas the drift coefficient Kp(p) is negative and reaches a minimum at p ≈ pF. For a cold Fermi system the diffusion coefficient takes the nonzero value which is caused by the relaxation on the distorted Fermi surface at temperature T = 0. The numerical solution of the diffusion equation was performed for the particle-hole excitation in a nucleus with A = 16. The evaluated relaxation time τr ≈ 8.3 ⋅ 10-23 s is close to the corresponding result in a nuclear Fermi-liquid obtained within the kinetic theory.
DOPAMINE ADSORPTION CONFIGURATIONS ON ANATASE (101) SURFACE
Authors: STASHANS ARVIDS , MARCILLO FREDDY , CASTILLO DARWIN
Published: April 2015

Present work is based on the density functional theory (DFT) and generalized gradient approximation studies. Different adsorption geometries of dopamine, C 8 H 11 O 2 N , on the anatase (101) surface have been considered and carefully investigated. Bidentate chelating configuration with two molecular oxygens binding to the same surface titanium has been found to be the equilibrium case. The Ti – O distances for this configuration are obtained to be equal to 2.23 and 2.37 Å, respectively.
Darboux chart on projective limit of weak symplectic Banach manifold
Authors: Mishra Pradip
Published: April 2015

Suppose M be the projective limit of weak symplectic Banach manifolds {(Mi, ϕij)}i, j∈ℕ, where Mi are modeled over reflexive Banach space and σ is compatible with the projective system (defined in the article). We associate to each point x ∈ M, a Fréchet space Hx. We prove that if Hx are locally identical, then with certain smoothness and boundedness condition, there exists a Darboux chart for the weak symplectic structure.
Dielectric, ferroelectrics properties and impedance spectroscopy analysis of the [(Na0.535K0.480)0.966Li0.058](Nb0.90Ta0.10)O3-based lead-free ceramics
Authors: Saidi M. , Chaouchi A. , D'Astorg S. , Rguiti M. , Courtois C.
Published: April 2015

Polycrystalline of [( Na 0.535 K 0.480)0.966 Li 0.058] (Nb 0.90 Ta 0.10) O 3 samples were prepared using the high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates the formation of a single-phase with orthorhombic structure. AC impedance plots were used as tool to analyze the electrical behavior of the sample as a function of frequency at different temperatures. The AC impedance studies revealed the presence of grain effect, from 425°C onwards. Complex impedance analysis indicated non-Debye type dielectric relaxation. The Nyquist plot showed the negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) characteristic of NKLNT. The AC conductivity results were used to correlate with the barrier hopping (CBH) model to evaluate the binding energy (Wm), the minimum hopping distance (R min ), the density of states at Fermi level (N(Ef)), and the activation energy of the compound.
Bc→BP,BVDecays with the QCD Factorization Approach
Authors: Sun Junfeng , Wang Na , Chang Qin , Yang Yueling
Published: April 2015

We studied the nonleptonicBc→BP,BVdecays with the QCD factorization approach. It is found that the Cabibbo favored processes ofBc→Bsπ,Bsρ,BuK-are the promising decay channels with branching ratio larger than 1%, which should be observed earlier by the LHCb collaboration.
Classification of Parkinsonian Syndromes from FDG-PET Brain Data Using Decision Trees with SSM/PCA Features
Authors: Mudali D. , Teune L. K. , Renken R. J. , Leenders K. L. , Roerdink J. B. T. M.
Published: April 2015

Medical imaging techniques like fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) have been used to aid in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative brain diseases. In this study, the objective is to classify FDG-PET brain scans of subjects with Parkinsonian syndromes (Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy) compared to healthy controls. The scaled subprofile model/principal component analysis (SSM/PCA) method was applied to FDG-PET brain image data to obtain covariance patterns and corresponding subject scores. The latter were used as features for supervised classification by the C4.5 decision tree method. Leave-one-out cross validation was applied to determine classifier performance. We carried out a comparison with other types of classifiers. The big advantage of decision tree classification is that the results are easy to understand by humans. A visual representation of decision trees strongly supports the interpretation process, which is very important in the context of medical diagnosis. Further improvements are suggested based on enlarging the number of the training data, enhancing the decision tree method by bagging, and adding additional features based on (f)MRI data.
Manual Physical Therapists’ Use of Biopsychosocial History Taking in the Management of Patients with Back or Neck Pain in Clinical Practice
Authors: Oostendorp Rob A. B. , Elvers Hans , Mikołajewska Emilia , Laekeman Marjan , van Trijffel Emiel , Samwel Han , Duquet William
Published: April 2015

Objective. To develop and evaluate process indicators relevant to biopsychosocial history taking in patients with chronic back and neck pain. Methods. The SCEBS method, covering the Somatic, Psychological (Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior), and Social dimensions of chronic pain, was used to evaluate biopsychosocial history taking by manual physical therapists (MPTs). In Phase I, process indicators were developed while in Phase II indicators were tested in practice. Results. Literature‐based recommendations were transformed into 51 process indicators. Twenty MTPs contributed 108 patient audio recordings. History taking was excellent (98.3%) for the Somatic dimension, very inadequate for Cognition (43.1%) and Behavior (38.3%), weak (27.8%) for Emotion, and low (18.2%) for the Social dimension. MTPs estimated their coverage of the Somatic dimension as excellent (100%), as adequate for Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior (60.1%), and as very inadequate for the Social dimension (39.8%). Conclusion. MTPs perform screening for musculoskeletal pain mainly through the use of somatic dimension of (chronic) pain. Psychological and social dimensions of chronic pain were inadequately covered by MPTs. Furthermore, a substantial discrepancy between actual and self‐estimated use of biopsychosocial history taking was noted. We strongly recommend full implementation of the SCEBS method in educational programs in manual physical therapy.