bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Normobaric Hyperoxia Combined With Endovascular Treatment Based on Temporal Gradient: A Dose-Escalation Study
Authors: Li Weili , Wang Sifei , Liu Lan , Chen Jiahao , Lan Jing , Ding Jiayue , Chen Zhiying , Yuan Shuhua , Qi Zhifeng , Wei Ming , Ji Xunming
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Normobaric hyperoxia (NBO) has neuroprotective effects in acute ischemic stroke. Thus, we aimed to identify the optimal NBO treatment duration combined with endovascular treatment.

METHODS:

This is a single-center, randomized controlled, open-label, blinded-end point dose-escalation clinical trial. Patients with acute ischemic stroke who had an indication for endovascular treatment at Tianjin Huanhu Hospital were randomly assigned to 4 groups (1:1 ratio) based on NBO therapy duration: (1) control group (1 L/min oxygen for 4 hours); (2) NBO-2h group (10 L/min for 2 hours); (3) NBO-4h group (10 L/min for 4 hours); and (4) NBO-6h group (10 L/min for 6 hours). The primary outcome was cerebral infarction volume at 72 hours after randomization using an intention-to-treat analysis model. The primary safety outcome was the 90-day mortality rate.

RESULTS:

Between June 2022 and September 2023, 100 patients were randomly assigned to the following groups: control group (n=25), NBO-2h group (n=25), NBO-4h group (n=25), and NBO-6h group (n=25). The 72-hour cerebral infarct volumes were 39.4±34.3 mL, 30.6±30.1 mL, 19.7±15.4 mL, and 22.6±22.4 mL, respectively (
P
=0.013). The NBO-4h and NBO-6h groups both showed statistically significant differences (adjusted
P
values: 0.011 and 0.027, respectively) compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, both the NBO-4h and NBO-6h groups showed significant differences (
P
<0.05) in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores at 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days, as well as in the change of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores from baseline to 24 hours. Additionally, there were no significant differences among the 4 groups in terms of 90-day mortality rate, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, early neurological deterioration, or severe adverse events.

CONCLUSIONS:

The effectiveness of NBO therapy was associated with oxygen administration duration. Among patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent endovascular treatment, NBO therapy for 4 and 6 hours was found to be more effective. Larger-scale multicenter studies are needed to validate these findings.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT05404373.
Alyxia Banks ex R.Br. in New Caledonia: a clarification of several species complexes, nomenclatural notes, and a description of three new species
Authors: LANNUZEL GUILLAUME , MUNZINGER JÉRÔME , VANDROT HERVÉ , GÂTEBLÉ GILDAS
Published: May 2024

The genus Alyxia Banks ex R.Br. is partially revised for New Caledonia, with 31 species recognised. The species complex Alyxia tisserantii Montrouz. is discussed and divided into seven species with existing names, and the synonymy is updated accordingly. Alyxia loeseneriana var. macrocarpa Boiteau is elevated to species status due to new flowering material with the name A. paniensis Lannuzel nom. nov., stat. nov. created to accommodate it, due to the preexisting Alyxia macrocarpa Koord. Detailed study of Alyxia caletioides (Baill.) Guillaumin ex Däniker revealed it was in fact made up of two distinct taxa; a new separate species, Alyxia urceolata Lannuzel, sp.nov. is therefore described. Two new species are also described following their recent collection: Alyxia humboldtensis Lannuzel & Gâteblé, sp.nov. is restricted to the summit of Mount Humboldt, and Alyxia minimiflora Lannuzel, sp.nov. is known from schistaceous cliffs around Nouméa. Finally, several nomenclatural issues are discussed, and an updated key to the genus in New Caledonia is provided.
Candolle was wrong, but finally right: Polygala ovata belongs to Hebecarpa (Polygalaceae)
Authors: MOTA MICHELLE , BARÊA PASTORE JOSÉ FLORIANO , FERLAY BEIJAMIN , KRASINSKI CADDAH MAYARA
Published: May 2024

A comprehensive review of the name Polygala ovata Poiret (1804), basionym of the widely used Asemeia ovata, revealed strong evidence to an alternative interpretation of this name as used by Pastore and Abbott in their Asemeia treatment in 2012. Issues arise from discrepancies between Poiret’s identification in specimens kept in P herbarium as P. ovata, and the original specimen of Nectoux from the Dominican Republican. De Candolle promoted the first attempted to resolve the application of Polygala ovata, however he had different approaches, when included this name in Prodromus, and later in the specimen identification as P. ovata. The present study reevaluates P. ovata identity based on original herbarium specimens, protologue information and original morphological description. The evidence found supports reclassifying P. ovata as a member of genus Hebecarpa instead, and therefore a new combination is proposed here, along with a morphological plate and taxonomic and distribution notes.
Superobbing and Thinning Scales for All-Sky Humidity Sounder Assimilation
Authors: Duncan David I. , Bormann Niels , Geer Alan J. , Weston Peter
Published: May 2024

Humidity sounder radiances are currently thinned to 110-km spacing prior to assimilation at ECMWF and used with no averaging applied. In this paper, the thinning scale and possible averaging of all-sky humidity sounder observations into “superobs” are considered. The short- and medium-range forecast impacts of changing the thinning and averaging scales of humidity sounder radiances prior to the data assimilation are investigated separately and then together. Superobbing acts as a low-pass filter and provides smoother images of departures, decreasing the effective sensor noise and thus the standard deviation of background departures, marginally for 183-GHz channels (5%–15%) and significantly for 118-GHz channels (5%–55%). Observations are thus more representative of the model effective resolution, with a better utilization of total information content than thinning native-resolution radiances, as less information is discarded. Whether changed in isolation or combination, the additions of data via superobbing and finer thinning are both shown to markedly improve background fits to independent observations, indicative of better short-range forecasts of humidity and improved winds via the 4D-Var tracer effect. Wind forecasts in the Southern Hemisphere are slightly improved in the medium range. A final configuration is tested at the resolution of the current operational model, with humidity sounder radiances averaged into 50-km superobs with 70-km spacing. This provides about 140% more radiances for assimilation and more finely detailed maps to analyze mesoscale features. The forecast impact of this change is larger in testing with higher model and data assimilation resolutions, showing the scale dependence of such decisions and the expected performance in an operational configuration.

Significance Statement

This paper investigates thinning and averaging scales for humidity-sounding microwave observations in the ECMWF data assimilation system. The introduction of spatial averaging shows a positive impact, as does the assimilation of observations with finer spacing. These changes permit more total information on humidity into the system, and both are beneficial for short-range forecasts of humidity and winds in the mid- to upper troposphere. The results highlight the interplay between spatial scales of observations and those of the analysis system, with possibilities for improved utilization in this particular case. This is expected to remain a key consideration in assimilation systems going forward, given the continued increases in the resolution of assimilation systems and forecast models.
Production Enjoyment Asymmetrically Impacts Buyers’ Willingness to Pay and Sellers’ Willingness to Charge
Authors: Paley Anna , Smith Robert W. , Teeny Jacob D. , Zane Daniel M.
Published: May 2024

With the rise of social media and the peer-to-peer economy, sellers can easily tell potential buyers about themselves and their process of producing products and services. This research investigates the influence of a central aspect of the production process that sellers can communicate—their production enjoyment. Buyers are willing to pay a higher price, are more likely to click on ads, and are more likely to choose a product or service when the seller signals that they enjoy producing it. In contrast, sellers are willing to accept lower prices, and actually charge less, for products and services they enjoy producing. Both buyers and sellers make the inference that production enjoyment leads to higher quality products/services, but only buyers rely on this inference when forming their pricing judgments relative to sellers. Nine studies illustrate these effects across a wide variety of products and services, participant samples, and operationalizations of production enjoyment. They show that signals of production enjoyment can influence buyers more than other established signals (e.g., effort) and demonstrate contexts where these effects are more and less likely to occur. These findings offer practical recommendations for both buyers and sellers as well as a variety of theoretical contributions.
The quality of universal language supporting provision in maintained nursery classrooms in economically disadvantaged areas of England: Identifying strengths and areas for development
Authors: Dobinson Keeley , Mathers Sandra , Forrest Claire , Charlton Jenna , Dockrell Julie
Published: May 2024

Background: Oral language competence provides children with an essential foundation for academic achievement and emotional well-being, yet many children enter school with delayed language and those living in economically disadvantaged areas are at disproportionate risk of experiencing language difficulties. A tiered system, offering high-quality language teaching for all children in early years classrooms, is widely acknowledged as an appropriate means of supporting language learning need. An understanding of the current quality of language supporting practices in English early years settings is essential to inform teaching practice and professional development, but evidence is limited. Methods: This study employed the Communication Supporting Classroom Observation tool in 39 nursery classrooms in economically disadvantaged areas of England to identify strengths of practice and key areas for development. Results: Observations revealed well-equipped physical learning environments and responsive teaching practices, but few structured opportunities for language learning and development. Variation in quality was observed across the nursery session. Conclusions: Findings suggest a need for adaptive professional development programmes supporting the more consistent use of structured language learning opportunities, the enhanced use of interaction promoting strategies and the provision of more complex and contingent language models. Further investigation of language supporting practice at a fine-grained level is desirable.
Politicizing corruption on social media
Authors: Marchetti Rita , Stanziano Anna
Published: May 2024

Although various studies have investigated the link between corruption and politicization, there is still a lack of comprehensive reflection in the literature on both this topic and the idea of politicization itself. Analyzing the politicization of an issue necessarily implies considering the public sphere and then the role of the media. Considering its penetration and its role as a news source for citizens, social media today is a particularly intriguing object of research. Our study shows that while social media may assist in raising awareness about and curbing corruption, it can also become dysfunctional in some circumstances. The multiplicity of the actors who intervene in corruption and the diversity of interests that characterizes their actions make online discussion complex and adaptable to different objectives. Discussions on corruption in Italy are highly polarized, favoring the political instrumentalization of the issue for different goals.
A quantitative analysis of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease on computed tomography for the assessment of decreased vital capacity
Authors: Kunihiro Yoshie , Matsumoto Tsuneo , Onoda Hideko , Murakami Tomoyuki , Iduki Masato , Hirano Yasushi , Ito Katsuyoshi
Published: May 2024

Background

The results of a quantitative analysis of computed tomography (CT) of interstitial lung disease (ILD) using a computer-aided detection (CAD) technique were correlated with the results of pulmonary function tests.

Purpose

To evaluate the correlation between a quantitative analysis of CT of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (PF-ILD) including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and non-IPF, which can manifest progressive pulmonary fibrosis and the vital capacity (VC), and to identify indicators for the assessment of a decreased VC.

Material and Methods

A total of 73 patients (46 patients with IPF and 27 patients with non-IPF) were included in this study. Associations between the quantitative analysis of CT and the %VC using a CAD software program were investigated using Spearman's rank correlation and a logistic regression analysis. The appropriate cutoff vale for predicting a decreased VC was determined (%VC <80) and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.

Results

A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the total extent of interstitial pneumonia on CT was a significant indicator of a decreased VC ( P = 0.0001; odds ratio [OR]=1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.06–1.27 in IPF and P = 0.0025; OR=1.16; 95% CI=1.03–1.30 in non-IPF). The cutoff values of the total extent of interstitial pneumonia in IPF and non-IPF for predicting a decreased VC were determined to be 23.3% and 21.5%, and the AUCs were 0.83 and 0.91, respectively.

Conclusion

A quantitative analysis of CT of PF-ILD using a CAD software program could be useful for predicting a decreased VC.
Immunogenicity of radiotherapy on bone metastases from prostate adenocarcinoma: What is the future for the combination with radiotherapy/immunotherapy?
Authors: Cornillon Pierre , Bouleftour Wafa , Reynaud Thomas , Pigne Gregoire , Maillet Denis , Hamizi Salima , Beguinot Marie
Published: May 2024

Bone metastatic prostate cancers (PCa) are resistant to usual immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors. The main hypothesis related to this immunoresistance is the lack of antigens to stimulate anti-tumor immunity. External radiation is a potential inducer antigens presentation and thus to immunotherapy proprieties. The aim of this review is to describe the tumor microenvironment specificities, especially in bone metastasis and the immune modifications after radiation therapy on a metastatic castration-resistant PCa population. PCa microenvironment is immunosuppressive because of many tumor factors. The complex interplay between PCa cells and bone microenvironment leads to a ‘vicious circle’ promoting bone metastasis. Furthermore, the immune and bone systems, are connected through an osteoclastogenic cytokine: the Receptor Activator Nuclear Factor Kappa B ligand. Adapted doses of ionizing radiation play a dual role on the tumor. Indeed, radiotherapy leads to immunogenicity by inducing damage associated with molecular patterns. However, it also induces an immunosuppressive effect by increasing the number of immunosuppressive cells. Interestingly, the abscopal effect could be used to optimize immunotherapy potential, especially on bone metastasis. Radiotherapy and immunotherapy combination is a promising strategy, however further studies are necessary to determine the more efficient types of radiation and to control the abscopal effect.
The association between music performance skills and cognitive improvement in a musical instrument training program for older adults
Authors: Kakihara Marcelo , Wang Xueyan , Iwasaki Shoko , Soshi Takahiro , Yamashita Masatoshi , Sekiyama Kaoru
Published: May 2024

Recent studies have reported positive effects of music training on older adults’ executive functions. However, it is not completely known whether these outcomes were due to improvement in music performance skills or due to other components of training, such as social interaction and music listening. Here, we investigated the effect of a 10-week melodica training program on a group of healthy older adults in Japan and the relationship between their early music performance and improvements in executive functions. Participants were divided into an experimental and a passive control group; both completed a battery of executive function measures before and after the intervention. The experimental group also completed a music performance evaluation developed for the current study. We found a significant improvement in an executive function composite index for the intervention group as compared with the control group. Moreover, individual musical performance was the only factor to predict cognitive improvement. Our results suggest that musical instrument training has a positive impact on older adults’ cognition which is not solely attributed to social interaction or music listening. Further research should consider the potential of examining individual differences in music performance skills inside the experimental group to understand the effects of instrument training programs.
The Intergenerational Transfer of Mental Disorders: A Population-Based Multigenerational Linkage Study: Le transfert intergénérationnel des troubles mentaux : une étude sur les liens multigénérationnels basée sur la population
Authors: Hamad Amani F. , Monchka Barret A. , Bolton James M. , Plana-Ripoll Oleguer , Roos Leslie L. , Elgendi Mohamed , Lix Lisa M.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The aetiology of mental disorders involves genetic and environmental factors, both reflected in family health history. We examined the intergenerational transmission of multiple mental disorders from parents and grandparents using population-based, objectively measured family histories.

Methods

This population-based retrospective cohort study used administrative healthcare databases in Manitoba, Canada and included adults living in Manitoba from 1977 to 2020 with linkages to at least one parent and one grandparent. Index date was when individuals turned 18 or 1 April 1977, whichever occurred later. Mental disorder diagnoses (mood and anxiety, substance use and psychotic disorders) were identified in individuals, parents and grandparents from hospitalization and outpatient records. Cox proportional hazards regression models included sociodemographic characteristics, individual's comorbidity and mental disorder history in a grandparent, mother and father.

Results

Of 109,359 individuals with no mental disorder prior to index date, 47.1% were female, 36.3% had a mental disorder during follow-up, and 90.9% had a parent or grandparent with a history of a mental disorder prior to the index date. Both paternal and maternal history of a mental disorder increased the risk of the disorder in individuals. Psychotic disorders had the strongest association with parental history and were mostly influenced by paternal (hazards ratio [HR] 3.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.99 to 4.64) compared to maternal history (HR 2.23, 95% CI, 1.89 to 2.64). Grandparent history was independently associated with the risk of all mental disorders but had the strongest influence on substance use disorders (HR 1.42, 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.50).

Conclusions

Parental history of mental disorders was associated with an increased risk of all mental disorders. Grandparent history of mental disorders was associated with a small risk increase of the disorders above and beyond parental history influence. This three-generation study further highlights the need for family-based interventional programs in families affected by mental disorders.

Plain Language Summary Title

The Intergenerational Transfer of Mental Illnesses
The Efficacy of Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Adaptive Learning Systems From 2010 to 2022 on Learner Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaoman , Huang Rui “Tammy” , Sommer Max , Pei Bo , Shidfar Poorya , Rehman Muhammad Shahroze , Ritzhaupt Albert D. , Martin Florence
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this research study was to examine the overall effect of adaptive learning systems deployed using artificial intelligence technology across a range of relevant variables (e.g., duration, student level, etc.). Following a systematic procedure, this meta-analysis examined literature from 18 academic databases and identified N = 45 independent studies utilizing AI-enabled adaptive learning. This meta-analysis examined the overall effect of AI-enabled adaptive learning systems on students’ cognitive learning outcomes when compared with non-adaptive learning interventions and found that they have a medium to large positive effect size ( g = 0.70). The effect was significantly moderated by publication type, origin of study, student classification level, student discipline, duration, and research design. In addition, all three adaptive sources (cognitive, affective, and behavioral) and adaptive targets (navigation and assessment) were significant moderators. The type of AI used in the adaptive engine did not moderate the effects. Implications for both practice and research are provided.
Prognostic Value of Sublingual Microcirculation in Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Aling , Shi Yi , Dong Qingqing , Wang Sihui , Ge Yao , Wang Chenyan , Gong Zhimin , Zhang Weizhen , Chen Wei
Published: May 2024

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between sublingual microcirculation and the prognosis of sepsis. Data sources: The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched to identify studies published from January 2003 to November 2023. Study selection: Clinical studies examining sublingual microcirculation and the prognosis of sepsis were included. Data extraction: Sublingual microcirculation indices included the microvascular blood index (MFI), total vascular density (TVD), perfusion vascular density (PVD), perfusion vascular vessel (PPV), and heterogeneity index (HI). Prognostic outcomes included mortality and severity. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to detect publication bias. The ability of the small vessel PPV (PPVs) to predict sepsis-related mortality was analyzed based on the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve, pooled sensitivity, and pooled specificity. Data synthesis: Twenty-five studies involving 1750 subjects were included. The TVD (95% CI 0.11-0.39), PVD (95% CI 0.42-0.88), PPV (95% CI 6.63-13.83), and MFI (95% CI 0.13-0.6) of the survival group were greater than those of the nonsurvival group. The HI in the survival group was lower than that in the nonsurvival group (95% CI −0.49 to −0.03). The TVD (95% CI 0.41-0.83), PVD (95% CI 0.83-1.17), PPV (95% CI 14.49-24.9), and MFI (95% CI 0.25-0.66) of the nonsevere group were greater than those of the severe group. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant difference in TVD between the survival group and the nonsurvival group in the small vessel subgroup. The area under the SROC curve (AUC) was 0.88. Conclusions: Sublingual microcirculation was worse among patients who died and patients with severe sepsis than among patients who survived and patients with nonsevere sepsis. PPV has a good predictive value for the mortality of sepsis patients. This study was recorded in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42023486349).
Towards a shared understanding of the learning health system in a large academic-based health system: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Varley Allyson L , Horton Trudi Venters , Pisu Maria , Durant Raegan W , Mugavero Michael J , Cherrington Andrea L , Riggs Kevin R
Published: May 2024

Healthcare delivery is currently undergoing major structural reform, and the Learning Health System (LHS) has been proposed as an aspirational model to guide healthcare transformation. As efforts to build LHS take considerable investment from health systems, it is critical to understand their leaders’ perspectives on the rationale for pursuing an LHS and the potential benefits for doing so. This paper describes the qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews ( n = 17) with health system leaders about their general perceptions of the LHS, description of key attributes and potential benefits, and perception of barriers to and facilitators for advancing the model. Participants universally endorsed the goal of the local health system aspiring to become an LHS. Participants identified many recognized attributes of LHS, though they emphasized unique attributes and potential benefits. There was also heterogeneity in participants’ views on what to prioritize, how to structure the local LHS within existing initiatives, and how new initiatives should be implemented. Improving conceptual clarity of attributes of the LHS would improve its potential in guiding future reform.
Double-pulley, V-shaped fixation technique for arthroscopic repair of ideberg type IA glenoid fracture
Authors: Li Baichuan , Rong Ke , Deng Haiquan , Tang Zhongfei , Tang Jian , Sun Jianchao
Published: May 2024

Different techniques have been described for glenoid fractures, there is still a need for safe and effective agents to promote outcomes. From January 2016 to April 2021, the clinical data of 17 patients with pulley type IA fractures treated by the V-shaped fixation technique under shoulder arthroscopy were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative X-ray, CT, and MRI examinations were completed. The functional score of the shoulder joint, such as the visual analog scale (VAS), Constant score, and Modified Rowe score, was used to evaluate the preoperative and final follow-up clinical outcomes. The active shoulder range of motion (ROM) was also collected preoperatively and at the final postoperative follow-up. Accordingly, intraoperative and postoperative complications were also observed. The mean follow-up was 49.52 months (16-79 months). The patients’ follow-up exams showed that shoulder joint flexion, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation, and pain were not significantly different from those of the contralateral side ( p > .05). The mean Constant score was 83.52 (58-98), and the average Modified Rowe score was 94.29 (70-100). X-ray and CT films of all cases showed good healing without articular depression or steps. Three patients had traumatic arthritis, with VAS <3 pain. No postoperative complications, such as infections, nerve or vessel damage, or suture anchor problems occurred during the follow-up period. Using the Double-pull, V-shaped fixation technique can stabilize the reduction of glenoid fractures while reducing the possibility of bone destruction. It is a good solution and provides an opportunity to treat rotator cuff tears associated with the procedure.
Retrospective study of laboratory-based surveillance of rabies in wild and domestic animals in the southern United States, 2010–2021
Authors: Ilha Marcia R. S. , Dawson Katie A. , Atkinson Emily L. , Graham Erin A. , Woldemeskel Moges W. , C. Mosley Yung-Yi , Coarsey Michele D. , Naikare Hemant K.
Published: May 2024

We performed a retrospective study of all case submissions for the rabies virus (RABV) direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) requested of the Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory (Tifton, GA, USA) between July 2010 and June 2021. Submitted were 792 samples from 23 animal species from 89 counties in Georgia, and 4 neighboring counties in Florida, 1 in South Carolina, and 1 in Alabama. In 13 (1.6%) cases, the DFAT result was inconclusive; 779 (98.4%) cases had a conclusive (positive or negative) test result. Of these 779 cases, 79 (10.1%) tested positive across 10 species. The remaining 700 (89.9%) cases were negative. The main reason for submission for RABV testing was human exposure to a potentially rabid animal in 414 (52.3%) cases. Among the 79 positive cases, 74 (93.7%) involved wildlife; raccoons (51 cases; 68.9%) were the primary host confirmed with RABV infection, followed by skunk and fox (8 cases each; 10.8%), bobcat (5 cases; 6.8%), and bats (2 cases; 2.7%). Only 5 domestic animals (6.3% of the positive cases) tested positive during our study period; one from each of the bovine, canine, caprine, equine, and feline species. Hence, the sylvatic cycle plays the predominant role in circulating RABV infection in our study area.
Exploring freeze-thaw damage distribution of asphalt mixture through DIC in combination with CT
Authors: Li Hengzhen , Shi Hao , Xu Huining , Tian Yu , Tan Yiqiu , Liu Kaidi
Published: May 2024

Open graded friction course (OGFC) is highly susceptible to environmental impacts such as load and clogging, due to its rich void structure and exposure to environments. Especially in cold regions, freeze–thaw (F-T) damage is inevitable for OGFC. While the existing analysis methods cannot specifically describe the material's micro-response to load or environment. Therefore, the digital image correlation (DIC) in combination with computed tomography (CT) was applied to closely examine the intricate process of F-T damage of OGFC in this research. Principal strain and strain energy were used to describe the F-T damage process and distribution. In addition, the effects of initial void content and immersion conditions on the temporal and spatial distribution of damage were discussed. The data demonstrated that the spatial distribution of F-T damage strain was uneven. During F-T cycles, the principal strain inside the OGFC during F-T cycles was generally increased, and the deformation of the sample gradually accumulated. According to the strain energy growth rate variation, the F-T damage could be divided into two stages during the 18 F-T cycles, namely, the development stage and the deceleration stage. Moreover, the crucial parts of F-T damage were determined to be at the end of the voids connected with the outside or the void interface between the aggregates and asphalt mortar. The larger initial void content would increase the strain of OGFC during F-T cycles, as well as the inhomogeneity of the strain. Furthermore, the strain energy increased considerably, and the development of F-T damage of OGFC accelerated. Under partial immersion conditions, the immersed part has large strain and strain energy due to the direct effect of F-T, and the increase in immersion depth aggravates the F-T damage.
Visualization and Analysis of Urban Air Quality Management Using Bibliometric Techniques and Social Network Analysis for the Period 1975 to 2022: A Review
Authors: Bulto Tadesse Weyuma , Chebo Abdella Kosa , Werku Birhanu Chalchisa , Debele Korsa Negese , Kloos Helmut
Published: May 2024

This study uses bibliometric techniques and social network analysis to evaluate 318 publications on air quality management in cities worldwide. The relevant data were retrieved from the Scopus database and analyzed using the VOSviewer 1.6.7 tools. The analysis included the number of publications, citation analyses, research study area analyses, and the most common keywords from 1975 to November 6, 2022. In addition, based on the results of the cluster analysis, we developed co-occurrence networks that enable a more specific keyword classification. The visualization showed the existing relationships between key terms, research study areas, and publications dealing with air quality management in cities. China, the United States, and the United Kingdom led in terms of the number of scientific publications and overall strength of connections during the study period. The most productive journal was Science of the Total Environment, followed by Atmospheric Environment, and the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Several limitations of the study are described and recommendations are made for future studies to increase the scope of studies and facilitate urban air quality management.
Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Measures at Thammasat University’s Lampang Campus in Thailand
Authors: Thanatrakolsri Pantitcha , Sirithian Duanpen
Published: May 2024

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are the primary drivers of global climate change. Human activities, particularly those related to energy production, transportation, and industry, have long contributed to the escalating levels of GHGs in the Earth’s atmosphere. Recognizing the significance of this issue, universities, including Thammasat University, play a vital role in Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions research and education, carrying a responsibility to address the matter. This study is aimed aims to assess the greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation measures at Thammasat University (Lampang campus), Thailand. The emissions are categorized into 3 types: (1) direct GHG emissions; (2) energy-related indirect GHG emissions; and (3) other indirect GHG emissions. Activity data from the years 2019 to 2022 was used for the calculations, resulting in GHG emissions of 1051.70, 778.28, 558.64, and 1034.531 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. Among these emissions, energy-related indirect GHG emissions from electricity purchases represent the majority, accounting for approximately 78.55% of the total emissions. Consequently, implementing mitigation strategies, such as solar panel installations and solid waste reduction (combined scenario), has the potential to reduce GHG emissions by up to 57.78%. Furthermore, the university should actively promote GHG emissions reduction through the enactment of energy-saving policies and the adoption of energy-efficient technologies to reduce reliance on energy purchases.
A Review of the Evidence for Tryptophan and the Kynurenine Pathway as a Regulator of Stem Cell Niches in Health and Disease
Authors: Summers Benjamin Sebastian , Thomas Broome Sarah , Pang Tsz Wai Rosita , Mundell Hamish D , Koh Belic Naomi , Tom Nicole C , Ng Mei Li , Yap Maylin , Sen Monokesh K , Sedaghat Sara , Weible Michael W , Castorina Alessandro , Lim Chai K , Lovelace Michael D , Brew Bruce J
Published: May 2024

Stem cells are ubiquitously found in various tissues and organs in the body, and underpin the body’s ability to repair itself following injury or disease initiation, though repair can sometimes be compromised. Understanding how stem cells are produced, and functional signaling systems between different niches is critical to understanding the potential use of stem cells in regenerative medicine. In this context, this review considers kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolism in multipotent adult progenitor cells, embryonic, haematopoietic, neural, cancer, cardiac and induced pluripotent stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells. The KP is the major enzymatic pathway for sequentially catabolising the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP), resulting in key metabolites including kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and quinolinic acid (QUIN). QUIN metabolism transitions into the adjoining de novo pathway for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) production, a critical cofactor in many fundamental cellular biochemical pathways. How stem cells uptake and utilise TRP varies between different species and stem cell types, because of their expression of transporters and responses to inflammatory cytokines. Several KP metabolites are physiologically active, with either beneficial or detrimental outcomes, and evidence of this is presented relating to several stem cell types, which is important as they may exert a significant impact on surrounding differentiated cells, particularly if they metabolise or secrete metabolites differently. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in mesenchymal stromal cells, for instance, highly upregulates rate-limiting enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), initiating TRP depletion and production of metabolites including kynurenine/kynurenic acid, known agonists of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transcription factor. AhR transcriptionally regulates an immunosuppressive phenotype, making them attractive for regenerative therapy. We also draw attention to important gaps in knowledge for future studies, which will underpin future application for stem cell-based cellular therapies or optimising drugs which can modulate the KP in innate stem cell populations, for disease treatment.
Polyneuropathy as an initial manifestation of Hereditary Transtyretin Amyloidosis (ATTRV) in a young patient: Case report of a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Sarmiento Palma Julieth Vivian , Sambracos Parrado Santiago , Echeverria Maria Camila , Ruiz Talero Paula
Published: May 2024

We report the case of a 27-year-old man with transthyretin amyloidosis secondary to the p.Val142Ile mutation with an atypical clinical presentation of predominantly lower limb polyneuropathy without cardiac involvement. p.Val142Ile is mainly associated with cardiopathy, whereas the neuropathic phenotype is mainly associated with p.Val50Met. Our patient belongs to a non-endemic region and due to his lack of support network a possible familial component is unknown. His case represents a diagnostic challenge given the wide heterogeneity of clinical manifestations associated with the disease, with other possible diagnoses of polyneuropathy being reasonably excluded according to prevalence and frequency. The particularly unusual genotype-phenotype association distinguishes this case from the classic description of transthyretin amyloidosis secondary to p.Val142Ile.
The Day Data Transparency Died: How Twitter/X Cut Off Access for Social Research
Authors: Blakey Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

For 17 years, Twitter/X provided free academic access—not by law, but by social contract—to its data for researchers examining elections, hate speech, and other crucial public issues. It took just six months under Elon Musk to rescind this unfettered access and upend global scholarship.
Without Struggle, There Is No Progress!
Authors: Morris Aldon
Published: May 2024

Aldon Morris on a life of anti-racist activism.
Retrieval of Embolized WATCHMAN® Flex Atrial Appendage Occlusion Device
Authors: Chugh Priyanka V. , Danford Julia , Farber Alik , Ayalon Nir , Verma Ashish , Helm Robert H. , Monahan Kevin M. , Kalish Jeffrey A.
Published: May 2024

This case report documents the management of a 66-year old man with atrial fibrillation with recent placement of a WATCHMAN® Flex atrial appendage occlusion device. The patient presented with renal failure, abdominal pain, and difficulty walking 2 months after placement. The WATCHMAN® Flex device was found to have embolized to his abdominal aorta at the level of the renal arteries with associated thrombus. Extensive workup revealed reduced left ventricular cardiac function and decreased renal function, both of which were felt to be potentially reversible with device removal. The patient then underwent retrieval of the device and all associated thrombus via an open retroperitoneal approach. This case demonstrates a potential consequence of implanting devices such as an atrial appendage occlusion device and describes a technique for removal.
Enhanced adherence counselling outcomes among people living with HIV with virological failure: Single-centre experience in Pune, India
Authors: Kadale Prajakta , Shidhaye Pallavi , Gurav Shraddha , AP Pournami , Ghate Manisha
Published: May 2024

Objectives

World Health Organization has recommended enhanced adherence counselling (EAC) for people living with HIV (PLHIV) with virological failure. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of EAC and its associated factors among PLHIV with virological failure.

Methods

Data collected between March 2020 and February 2022 on viral load (VL) testing at antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre in Pune, India were reviewed. PLHIV with viral load ≥1000 copies/ml followed by three EAC sessions and a repeat viral load test were included. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the factors associated with virological suppression (<1000 copies/ml).

Results

Of 170 PLHIV, 81 (47.6%) showed virological suppression. Being literate ( p = 0.027), females ( p = 0.021), on second-line ART regimen ( p = 0.020), and with EAC initiation within a month ( p = 0.016) were significantly associated with virological suppression. No association was found between reported barriers to treatment adherence and virological suppression.

Discussion

Early initiation of EAC is crucial for virological suppression among PLHIV with high viral load. It is important to highlight the significance of treatment adherence among individuals on first-line ART regimen. The use of effective visual tools during EAC sessions may help in achieving virological suppression among those with low literacy.
Focal necrosis of the falciform ligament as a rare cause of abdominal pain: A case report
Authors: Awashra Ameer , Nouri Ahmad , Hamdan Dawoud , Rabee Hadi
Published: May 2024

The falciform ligament, a peritoneal fold that anatomically separates the right and left lobes of the liver, may infrequently be a cause of patients’ complaints. In very rare instances, fatty appendages of the falciform ligament may undergo torsion, resulting in fat infarction. Despite its rarity, falciform ligament pathologies often mimic common abdominal issues, leading to misdiagnosis. Herein, we report a case of inflammation and necrosis of the falciform ligament in a 72-year-old female. The patient presented with abdominal pain, a positive Murphy’s sign, and elevated inflammatory markers. Imaging, including a computed tomography (CT) scan, was pivotal in confirming the diagnosis of falciform ligament necrosis. Contrary to the proposed surgical approach (resection of the falciform ligament) in some reported cases, conservative management (including analgesia, hydration, and antibiotics) proved successful in this case. This report emphasizes the importance of considering falciform ligament torsion in upper abdominal pain differential diagnoses and highlights the key role of imaging for accurate diagnosis.
Safety and quality of AI chatbots for drug-related inquiries: A real-world comparison with licensed pharmacists
Authors: Albogami Yasser , Alfakhri Almaha , Alaqil Abdulaziz , Alkoraishi Aljawharah , Alshammari Heba , Elsharawy Yasmin , Alhammad Abdullah , Alhossan Abdulaziz
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Pharmacists play a pivotal role in ensuring patients are administered safe and effective medications; however, they encounter obstacles such as elevated workloads and a scarcity of qualified professionals. Despite the prospective utility of large language models (LLMs), such as Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs), in addressing pharmaceutical inquiries, their applicability in real-world cases remains unexplored.

Objective

To evaluate GPT-based chatbots’ accuracy in real-world drug-related inquiries, comparing their performance to licensed pharmacists.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, authors analyzed real-world drug inquiries from a Drug Information Inquiry Database. Two independent pharmacists evaluated the performance of GPT-based chatbots (GPT-3, GPT-3.5, GPT-4) against human pharmacists using accuracy, detail, and risk of harm criteria. Descriptive statistics described inquiry characteristics. Absolute proportion comparative analyses assessed accuracy, detail, and risk of harm. Stratified analyses were performed for different inquiry types.

Results

Seventy inquiries were included. Most inquiries were received from physicians (41%) and pharmacists (44%). Inquiries type included dosage/administration (34.2%), drug interaction (12.8%) and pregnancy/lactation (15.7%). Majority of inquires included adults (83%) and female patients (54.3%). GPT-4 had 64.3% completely accurate responses, comparable to human pharmacists. GPT-4 and human pharmacists provided sufficiently detailed responses, with GPT-4 offering additional relevant details. Both GPT-4 and human pharmacists delivered 95% safe responses; however, GPT-4 provided proactive risk mitigation information in 70% of the instances, whereas similar information was included in 25.7% of human pharmacists’ responses.

Conclusion

Our study showcased GPT-4's potential in addressing drug-related inquiries accurately and safely, comparable to human pharmacists. Current GPT-4-based chatbots could support healthcare professionals and foster global health improvements.
Experiences of community health workers on adopting mHealth in rural Malawi: A qualitative study
Authors: Kachimanga Chiyembekezo , Mulwafu Manuel , Ndambo Myness Kasanda , Harare Jimmy , Murkherjee Joia , Kulinkina Alexandra V , Mbae Simon , Ndarama Enoch , van den Akker Thomas , Abejirinde Ibukun- Oluwa Omolade
Published: May 2024

Background

The use of mobile health technology (mHealth) by community health workers (CHWs) can strengthen community-based service delivery and improve access to and quality of healthcare.

Objective

This qualitative study sought to explore experiences and identify factors influencing the use of an integrated smartphone-based mHealth called YendaNafe by CHWs in rural Malawi.

Methods

Using pre-tested interview guides, between August and October 2022, we conducted eight focus group discussions with CHWs ( n = 69), four in-depth interviews with CHW supervisors, and eight key informant interviews in Neno District, Malawi. We audio-recorded and transcribed the interviews verbatim and organized them for analysis in Dedoose V9.0.62. We used an inductive analysis technique to analyze the data. We further applied the six domains of the socio-technical system (STS) framework to map factors influencing the use of YendaNafe.

Results

User experiences and facilitators and barriers were the two main themes that emerged. mHealth was reported to improve the task efficiency, competence, trust, and perceived professionalism of CHWs. CHWs less frequently referred to cultural factors influencing app uptake. However, for other social systems, they identified relationships and trust with stakeholders, availability of training and programmatic support, and performance monitoring and feedback as influencing the use of YendaNafe. From the STS technical domain, the availability and adequacy of hardware such as phones, mobile connectivity, and usability influenced the use of YendaNafe.

Conclusions

Despite the initial discomfort, CHWs found mHealth helpful in supporting their service delivery tasks. Identifying and addressing social and technical factors during mHealth implementation may help improve end users’ attitudes and uptake.
Lack of hands-on competence in future paediatric nursing: Examining student nurses’ paediatric competence after graduation – A hermeneutic study
Authors: Sundal Hildegunn , Alteren Johanne
Published: May 2024

Paediatric nursing training has been reduced in scope, which has become a concern in nursing education. Little is known regarding students’ experiences and what they learn about children as patients during courses. For the students in this study, paediatric nursing training consists of a 1-day observation practice. The aim of the present study was to examine this observation practice in paediatric nursing and discuss the consequences of the reduction of practical training for the level of knowledge of student nurses after graduation. A descriptive and interpretative design with a hermeneutical approach was employed to examine students’ experience in hospitals. Individual interviews were conducted with 11 students, and the data analysis followed Brinkmann and Kvale's three levels of interpretation. The study was reported in accordance with the COREQ checklist. Three themes emerged: ‘preparing the child for a procedure or treatment’; ‘the importance of the care provided by parents’; and ‘the lack of hands-on paediatric nursing training for students’. This study has implications for nursing in terms of paediatric competence. The findings suggest that students receive insufficient practical training in paediatric nursing. A discussion is required regarding paediatric nursing in nursing education, as well as how to meet national and international requirements.