bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Warmer temperatures reduce the transmission of a virus in a gregarious forest insect
Authors: MacDonald Paul , Myers Judith H. , Cory Jenny S.
Published: August 2023

Understanding how climate warming will influence species interactions is a key question in ecology and predicting changes in the prevalence of disease outbreaks is particularly challenging. Ectotherms are likely to be more influenced by climatic changes as temperature governs their growth, feeding, development, and behavior. We test the hypothesis that pathogen transmission and host mortality will increase at warmer temperatures using a cyclic forest insect, the western tent caterpillar (WTC), Malacosoma californicum pluviale, and its baculovirus. The virus causes population declines at peak host density. WTC are gregarious and clustering is predicted to increase the risk of within family infection; however, how temperature influences this has not been examined. We investigated the impact of temperature on different components of the transmission process in order to pinpoint the possible mechanisms involved. In the laboratory, leaf consumption increased linearly with rising temperature between 15 and 30°C. Insects died more rapidly from virus infection as temperature increased, but this did not translate into differences in the production of viral transmission stages. To examine the influence of temperature on virus transmission, we created a temperature difference between two greenhouses containing potted red alder trees, Alnus rubra. The cooler greenhouse (mean 19.5°C) was roughly similar to ambient temperatures in the field, while the warmer greenhouse was 10°C higher (mean 29°C). As predicted, both larval movement and feeding were higher at the warmer temperature, while the likelihood of the preinfected, inoculum larvae dying on the tents was twice as high in the cooler greenhouse. This resulted in increased virus mortality and a higher transmission parameter under cooler conditions. Therefore, we suggest that, contrary to our prediction, the reduced movement of infected larvae at colder temperatures increased the risk of infection in these gregarious insects and had a greater impact on virus transmission than the increased activity of the susceptible larvae in warmer conditions. Long‐term population data from the field, however, show no relationship between temperature and infection levels, suggesting that local changes in virus transmission might not scale up to population infection levels.
Optimizing service restoration in distribution systems based on scheduling of crews considering priorities of loads
Authors: Sekizaki Shinya , Kato Teruyuki , Nishizaki Ichiro , Hayashida Tomohiro , Hikoyama Kazuhisa , Nonoyama Tomoaki
Published: August 2023

The service restoration to sound sections within a short period as much as possible, performed after the permanent fault occurs in a distribution system, is significant for maintaining power supply reliability. This paper proposes an efficient method to find service restoration procedures based on fault searching and the optimal work scheduling of crews, considering the power supply priorities of loads and the probability of occurrence of faults. The proposed method is composed of two‐stage problems to reduce the outage sections efficiently: (i) the problem to find a series of searching procedures for unknown fault locations in the first stage and (ii) the optimization problem of work schedules of crews in the second stage. In the first stage, the order of operation of switches opened for searching for the fault direction is determined, constituting the searching tree. After that, the proposed optimization method can efficiently solve the work scheduling problem by formulating it as a mixed‐integer linear programming problem in the second stage. The computational experiments using a large‐scale distribution system model with many remote and manual switches show that the proposed method can provide efficient service restoration procedures within a reasonable computational time.
Left‐dominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy due to desmoplakin mutation: a case report
Authors: Lemus Barrios Gustavo A. , Lopez‐Lopez Jose P. , Barbosa‐Balaguera Stephany , Correa Alejandro Mariño
Published: August 2023

The case of a 49‐year‐old man with acute onset of heart failure is presented. The initial work‐up showed a dilated cardiomyopathy with severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. In the differential diagnostic process, hypertensive, ischaemic, and valvular aetiologies were discarded. Subsequently, a cardiac magnetic resonance revealed global hypokinesis and inferior and anterior subepicardial fibrosis. Once differential diagnoses of subepicardial fibrosis (myocarditis, sarcoidosis, and Chagas disease) were discarded, a genetic panel was performed, resulting in a heterozygous mutation of desmoplakin (DSP) gene c.6697_6698del. A left‐dominant DSP arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy mutation was diagnosed. Structural myocardial abnormalities and ventricular arrhythmias characterize arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Up to 50% of cases are associated with mutations in DSP genes (JUP, DSP, and PKP2). DSP is the fundamental component of the desmosome structure and provides structural support through intercellular adhesion. Therefore, when frequent differential diagnoses are discarded, genetic studies for dilated cardiomyopathy and DSP mutation should be considered.
Sex differences in long‐term outcomes following acute heart failure hospitalization: Findings from the Get With The Guidelines‐Heart Failure registry
Authors: Keshvani Neil , Shah Sonia , Ayodele Iyanuoluwa , Chiswell Karen , Alhanti Brooke , Allen Larry A. , Greene Stephen J. , Yancy Clyde W. , Alonso Windy W. , Van Spall Harriette GC , Fonarow Gregg C. , Heidenreich Paul A. , Pandey Ambarish
Published: August 2023

Aims

Sex differences in long‐term outcomes following hospitalization for heart failure (HF) across ejection fraction (EF) subtypes are not well described. In this study, we evaluated the risk of mortality and rehospitalization among males and females across the spectrum of EF over 5 years of follow‐up following an index HF hospitalization event.

Methods and results

Patients hospitalized with HF between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2014 from the American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines‐Heart Failure registry with available 5‐year follow‐up using Medicare Part A claims data were included. The association between sex and risk of mortality and readmission over a 5‐year follow‐up period for each HF subtype (HF with reduced EF [HFrEF, EF ≤40%], HF with mildly reduced EF [HFmrEF, EF 41–49%], and HF with preserved EF [HFpEF, EF >50%]) was assessed using adjusted Cox models. The effect modification by the HF subtype for the association between sex and outcomes was assessed by including multiplicative interaction terms in the models. A total of 155 670 patients (median age: 81 years, 53.4% female) were included. Over 5‐year follow‐up, males and females had comparably poor survival post‐discharge; however, females (vs. males) had greater years of survival lost to HF compared with the median age‐ and sex‐matched US population (HFpEF: 17.0 vs. 14.6 years; HFrEF: 17.3 vs. 15.1 years; HFmrEF: 17.7 vs. 14.6 years for age group 65‐69 years). In adjusted analysis, females (vs. males) had a lower risk of 5‐year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–0.90, p < 0.0001), and the risk difference was most pronounced among patients with HFrEF (aHR 0.87, 95% CI 0.85–0.89; pinteraction[sex*HF subtype] = 0.04). Females (vs. males) had a higher adjusted risk of HF readmission over 5‐year follow‐up (aHR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04–1.08, p < 0.0001), with the risk difference most pronounced among patients with HFpEF (aHR 1.11, 95% CI 1.07–1.14; pinteraction[sex*HF subtype] = 0.001).

Conclusions

While females (vs. males) had lower adjusted mortality, females experienced a significantly greater loss in survival time than the median age‐ and sex‐matched US population and had a greater risk of rehospitalization over 5 years following HF hospitalization.
Efficient One‐pot Zeolite Synthesis Protocol from the Metastable *BEA to MTW Topology and Its Impact on the Methanol‐to‐Hydrocarbons Process
Authors: Ye Yiru , Zhou Xue , Zhang Xin , Chowdhury Abhishek Dutta
Published: August 2023

The inter‐zeolite conversion is a method to convert one meta‐stable zeolite to a thermodynamically stable zeolite. Despite the enormous interest, this method is yet to be popularized or standardized in the zeolite community. Intending to provide more insights into hydrothermal conversions from one zeolite to another, this work developed a novel one‐pot and flexible synthetic protocol to efficiently obtain the meta‐stable *BEA topology and its derived MTW topology by varying the hydrothermal crystallization time. This inter‐zeolite conversion process led to changes in the zeolite framework and modified physicochemical properties during the process. Such a transformation was feasible by forming hierarchical zeolite phases sharing a similar “mtw”‐based common building units, possibly driving such conversion. The structure‐reactivity relationship of four different zeolite materials, synthesized from this one‐pot inter‐zeolite conversion method, was established concerning their performance in the methanol‐to‐hydrocarbon (MTH) process, which has been well supported by operando UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopic study coupled with online mass spectrometry and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. As a result, the pathway to synthesize various target zeolites from an identical initial synthesis gel with desired physicochemical properties has been scrutinized.
Analyzing the Effect of Planar and Inverted Structure Architecture on the Properties of MAGeI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jan Shayan Tariq , Noman Muhammad
Published: August 2023

Charge transport layers (CTLs) have remarkable influence on the stability and efficiency of perovskite cells (PSCs). Different CTL combination used with the perovskite forms unique energy band alignment and electric field. They have significant effects on the optoelectrical properties of PSC. Identifying the right CTL for perovskite is crucial. Herein, the PSC of CH3NH3GeI3 is modeled in SCAPS‐1D with 13 CTLs. Because of their carrier mobility, chemical stability, and electric/thermal conductivity, copper, kesterite, and carbon CTL have been selected. The PSC is analyzed in planar (n–i–p) and inverted (p–i–n). A systematic approach has been adopted to analyze the influence of CTL on the quantum efficiency, absorption, transmissivity, band alignment, electric field, recombination, and I–V characteristics in both architectures. To further enhance the efficiency, design optimization of layer thickness and doping has been carried out. Moreover, the effect of defects, temperature, reflection, and work functions on the performance of PSC has also been studied. Based on the results, phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) performs better in planar, while C60 performs better in inverted. Most of the Cu hole‐transport layers (HTLs) perform better in inverted architecture, while most of the kesterite HTLs perform better in planar architecture. The best‐performing p–i–n structure is PCBM/per/CuAlO3 with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.32%, while the best n–i–p is C60/Per/CuAlO2 with PCE of 14.82%.
Checkmate: Chess‐induced reflex seizures in patient with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Marín Gracia Marta , Herrera Aramburu Manuel , Burneo Jorge G. , Debicki Derek B. , Suller Martí Ana
Published: August 2023

Content available: Video
Assessing the feasibility of an intervention for adolescents and parents transitioning out of paediatric eating disorder services: A mixed methods study
Authors: Nicula Maria , Kimber Melissa , Boylan Khrista , Grant Christina , Laliberté Michele , Miller Kathryn , Dimitropoulos Gina , Trollope Karen , Webb Cheryl , Couturier Jennifer
Published: August 2023

Objective

To assess the feasibility of a new intervention designed to support adolescents and parents in the transition from paediatric eating disorder (ED) treatment to adult mental health services.

Method

Pre‐transition adolescents with EDs, and their parents, were invited to complete up to five transition intervention components over 3 months. A mixed methods design was used to assess intervention feasibility, comprised of acceptability and preliminary effectiveness. A single‐arm pre‐post design was used to collect and analyse quantitative survey and feasibility data. Individual qualitative interviews and written reflections were collected and analysed using content analysis.

Results

This study yielded a 33% (10/31) recruitment rate and 68% (13/19) retention rate. On average, participants completed 75% of the expected components in under 3 months, with varied completion of each expected intervention component (40%–100%). Participants found the intervention convenient and helpful. Parents reported a significant decrease in guilt (Z = −2.02, p = 0.04, d = −0.83). By 1‐month post‐transition, three adolescents transitioned to interim supports and none started specialist adult treatment.

Conclusions

Although this transition intervention did not demonstrate adequate feasibility, its acceptability and effectiveness should be evaluated after an update based on participant feedback. Other solutions to bridge the transition gap for adolescents with EDs should continue to be identified.

Clinical Trial Registration Number

NCT04888273
Influence of processing temperature on production of red beetroot powder as a natural red colorant using foam‐mat drying: Experimental and modeling study
Authors: Bahriye Golnaz , Dadashi Saeed , Dehghannya Jalal , Ghaffari Hossein
Published: August 2023

With high medicinal and nutritional value, red beetroot powder is utilized as a natural pigment and functional additive in various food industries. In this investigation, red beetroot powder was produced using foam‐mat drying, and the effect of drying temperature on quality attributes was evaluated. Computer simulation was also performed to assess the impact of temperature on uniformity of moisture loss and temperature during drying. Temperature variations did not exert a significant impact on water solubility and total color difference of the powders. Images obtained from field emission scanning electron microscopy illustrated that with increasing temperature, wrinkling, cracking, and roughness of the powder particles reduced because of the formation of smooth and hard crusts on the particles' surface. Predicted moisture content values were in good agreement with measured data. The results of this study could be used to optimize foam‐mat drying of red beetroot to produce functional powders with suitable physicochemical and microstructural characteristics.
Testicular germ cell tumour cells release microRNA‐containing extracellular vesicles that induce phenotypic and genotypic changes in cells of the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Alonso‐Crisostomo Luz , Trendell Jennifer , Ferraresso Marta , Bailey Shivani , Ward Dawn , Scurlock Zachary G. L. , Wenlock Stephanie C. , Bastos Carlos A. P. , Jugdaohsingh Ravin , Faria Nuno J. , Enright Anton J. , Scarpini Cinzia G. , Coleman Nicholas , Murray Matthew J.
Published: August 2023

Malignant germ‐cell‐tumours (GCTs) are characterised by microRNA (miRNA/miR‐) dysregulation, with universal over‐expression of miR‐371~373 and miR‐302/367 clusters regardless of patient age, tumour site, or subtype (seminoma/yolk‐sac‐tumour/embryonal carcinoma). These miRNAs are released into the bloodstream, presumed within extracellular‐vesicles (EVs) and represent promising biomarkers. Here, we comprehensively examined the role of EVs, and their miRNA cargo, on (fibroblast/endothelial/macrophage) cells representative of the testicular GCT (TGCT) tumour microenvironment (TME). Small RNA next‐generation‐sequencing was performed on 34 samples, comprising representative malignant GCT cell lines/EVs and controls (testis fibroblast [Hs1.Tes] cell‐line/EVs and testis/ovary samples). TME cells received TGCT co‐culture, TGCT‐derived EVs, and a miRNA overexpression system (miR‐371a‐OE) to assess functional relevance. TGCT cells secreted EVs into culture media. MiR‐371~373 and miR‐302/367 cluster miRNAs were overexpressed in all TGCT cells/subtypes compared with control cells and were highly abundant in TGCT‐derived EVs, with miR‐371a‐3p/miR‐371a‐5p the most abundant. TGCT co‐culture resulted in increased levels of miRNAs from the miR‐371~373 and miR‐302/367 clusters in TME (fibroblast) cells. Next, fluorescent labelling demonstrated TGCT‐derived EVs were internalised by all TME (fibroblast/endothelial/macrophage) cells. TME (fibroblast/endothelial) cell treatment with EVs derived from different TGCT subtypes resulted in increased miR‐371~373 and miR‐302/367 miRNA levels, and other generic (eg, miR‐205‐5p/miR‐148‐3p) and subtype‐specific (seminoma, eg, miR‐203a‐3p; yolk‐sac‐tumour, eg, miR‐375‐3p) miRNAs. MiR‐371a‐OE in TME cells resulted in increased collagen contraction (fibroblasts) and angiogenesis (endothelial cells), via direct mRNA downregulation and alteration of relevant pathways. TGCT cells communicate with nontumour stromal TME cells through release of EVs enriched in oncogenic miRNAs, potentially contributing to tumour progression.
Uniplanar multirod TDR probe for soil water content measurement over a larger spatial scale
Authors: Miyamoto Hideki , Tokumoto Ieyasu , Mojid Mohammad Abdul
Published: August 2023

This study developed a uniplanar multirod time domain reflectometry (TDR) probe and evaluated it in laboratory experiments for soil water measurement over a larger spatial scale. The sampling volume of the probe was determined by simulating the electric potential distribution around the probe rods by using the HYDRUS‐2D software package and verified by comparison with the measured dielectric constant in saturated sand. The performance of the probe was evaluated by comparing its dielectric measurements in wet sand over a wide range of water content during evaporative drying with that measured by CS640 probes. Additionally, the dependency of visible light reflection on the water content of the sand was evaluated. The results revealed that the average effective thickness of the probe's sampling volume was 5–6 cm on both sides of the plane of the probe rods. The probe accurately measured the soil water content over a 0.88 m2 spatial area. The visible light reflectance of the variably saturated sand surface and the corresponding water content of the sand follow a soil water retention function‐type relationship. The usage of the multirod TDR measurement system at a larger spatial scale carries practical implications, especially in increasing the accuracy of remote sensing data.
MiR‐452‐5p facilitates retinoblastoma cell growth and invasion via the SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Wu Laiwei , Huang Guoqiang , Hong Huifeng , Xu Xiangzhou , Lu Xiaohe , Li Jing
Published: August 2023

Retinoblastoma (RB) is an intraocular tumor in children. Accumulated evidence confirms that microRNAs (miRNAs) exert critical functions in RB. This research aimed to investigate the miR‐452‐5p function in RB. MiR‐452‐5p expressions in RB were tested with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MiR‐452‐5p functions in RB were evaluated via Cell Counting Kit‐8, 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay, flow cytometry, Western blot, and Transwell. MiR‐452‐5p mechanism in RB was assessed using bioinformatics software Starbase and dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. Meanwhile, miR‐452‐5p function in RB in vivo was examined by constructing tumor xenografts in nude mice, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot assays. MiR‐452‐5p was overexpressed in RB tissues and cells, and miR‐452‐5p expression was positively correlated with RB clinicopathology including the Largest tumor base (mm) and Differentiation. Functionally, miR‐452‐5p knockdown restrained RB cell proliferation, invasion, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and facilitated cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS3) knockdown restored the inhibitory effects of miR‐452‐5p knockdown on RB cells. Meanwhile, in vivo studies further corroborated that miR‐452‐5p knockdown reduced RB tumor growth, EMT, and accelerated apoptosis in vivo. Also, miR‐452‐5p knockdown increased SOCS3 protein levels, and decreased phosphorylated Janus kinase 2/Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in vivo. MiR‐452‐5p accelerated RB cell growth and invasion by SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3.
Biological activity of recombinant human PDX1 protein produced from Escherichia coli
Authors: Narayan Gloria , Sen Plaboni , Nagotu Shirisha , Thummer Rajkumar P.
Published: August 2023

Pancreatic and duodenum homeobox 1 (PDX1) is considered as a pivotal transcription factor that acts as a “master regulator” in pancreatogenesis and maintenance of β‐cells. Earlier study has reported that PDX1 also functions as a tumor suppressor in human gastric cancer cells by inhibiting cell growth. Here, we report the bioactivity of the purified human PDX1 fusion protein using various assays like cell migration, proliferation, cell cycle analysis, and gene expression. In cancer cells, recombinant PDX1 protein reduced cell migration and proliferation, and arrested cell growth by inducing apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. In pancreatic ductal cancer cells, the application of the PDX1 protein resulted in the induction of insulin gene expression. The results of these experiments demonstrate the biological activity imparted by recombinant human PDX1 fusion protein on gastric and pancreatic cancer cells and its usefulness as a biological tool to elucidate its function in various cellular processes.
Advanced glycation end products induce nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis by upregulating TXNIP via inhibiting glycolysis pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Chen Fei , Sheng Xiaoping , Sun Haobo , Guo Qunfeng , Wang Haibin , Wu Lecheng , Ni Bin , Yang Jun
Published: August 2023

Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) causes apoptosis in human nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), contributing to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The purpose of this study was to determine the roles of thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP) in the mechanisms underlying AGE‐induced apoptosis of NPCs. TXNIP was silenced or overexpressed in HNPCs exposed to AGEs. Glycolysis was assessed using extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), ATP level, GLUT1, and GLUT4 measurements. AGEs, TXNIP, GLUT1, and GLUT4 levels in IVDD patients were measured as well. In NPCs, AGEs reduced cell viability, induced apoptosis, inhibited glycolysis, and increased TXNIP expression. Silencing TXNIP compromised the effects of AGEs on cell viability, apoptosis, and glycolysis in NPCs. Furthermore, TXNIP overexpression resulted in decreased cell viability, increased apoptotic cells, and glycolysis suppression. Furthermore, co‐treatment with a glycolysis inhibitor improved TXNIP silencing's suppressive effects on AGE‐induced cell injury in NPCs. In IVDD patients with Pfirrmann Grades II–V, increasing trends in AGEs and TXNIP were observed, while decreasing trends in GLUT1 and GLUT4. AGE levels had positive correlations with TXNIP levels. Both AGE and TXNIP levels correlated negatively with GLUT1 and GLUT4. Our study indicates that TXNIP plays a role in mediating AGE‐induced cell injury through suppressing glycolysis. The accumulation of AGEs, the upregulation of TXNIP, and the downregulation of GLUT1 and GLUT4 are all linked to the progression of IVDD.
Impact of butylparaben on β‐cell damage and insulin/PEPCK expression in zebrafish larvae: Protective effects of morin
Authors: Singh Mahima , Guru Ajay , Pachaiappan Raman , Almutairi Bader O. , Arokiyaraj Selvaraj , Gopi Muthukaruppan , Arockiaraj Jesu
Published: August 2023

Butylparaben (BP), a common chemical preservative in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, has been known to induce oxidative stress and disrupt endocrine function in humans. In contrast, morin, a flavonoid derived from the Moraceae family, exhibits diverse pharmacological properties, including anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant. Despite this, the protective role of morin against oxidative stress‐induced damage in pancreatic islets remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the potential protective mechanism of morin against oxidative stress‐induced damage caused by BP in zebrafish larvae. To achieve this, we exposed the zebrafish larvae to butylparaben (2.5 mg/L) for 5 days, leading to increased oxidative stress and apoptosis in β‐cells. However, our compelling findings revealed that pretreatment with various concentrations of morin effectively reduced mortality and mitigated apoptosis and lipid peroxidation in β‐cells induced by BP exposure. In addition, zebrafish larvae exposed to BP for 5 days exhibited evident β‐cell damage. However, the pretreatment with morin showed promising effects by promoting β‐cell proliferation and lowering glucose levels. Furthermore, gene expression studies indicated that morin pretreatment normalized PEPCK expression while increasing insulin expression in BP‐exposed larvae. In conclusion, our findings highlight the potential of morin as a protective agent against BP‐induced β‐cell damage in zebrafish larvae. The observed improvements in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and gene expression patterns support the notion that morin could be further explored as a therapeutic candidate to counteract the detrimental effects of BP exposure on pancreatic β‐cells.
Evaluation of anti‐wetting nano‐fumed silica/PVDF hollow‐fiber membrane by central composite design optimization towards efficient desalination performance via membrane distillation
Authors: Alsebaeai Mohammed Karama , Ahmad Abdul Latif , Ooi Boon Seng
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Membrane distillation (MD) is considered a viable technology to overcome the issue of water scarcity by desalination of seawater. However, the application of MD has been severely restricted by membrane‐wetting phenomena. This study aims to optimize the desired mixed‐matrix hollow‐fiber (HF) membrane conditions that have anti‐wetting characteristics for efficient desalination. Response surface methodology based on central composite design was used to predict and optimize the permeate flux and salt rejection (SR). The combined effects of polymer (polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF) concentration, nano‐fumed silica (NFS) particle loading, coagulation bath temperature (CBT) and air gap distance (AG), as well as their interactions in terms of desalination performance, have been investigated.

RESULTS

The linear factors (NFS, CBT), the quadratic effects of all variables, as well as the interacting terms between (PVDF, NFS), (PVDF, CBT) and (NFS, CBT) had significant effects for both pure water and permeate fluxes. For SR, only PVDF presented a linear effect, while a quadratic effect was obtained in (NFS, AG) and an interaction effect was obtained between PVDF and NFS. Under optimal conditions of PVDF (15.03 wt%), NFS (1.21 wt%), CBT (54.85 °C) and AG (9.9 cm), the optimal mixed‐matrix HF membrane demonstrated higher experimental average values for pure water and permeate fluxes, which reached up to 11.95 and 11.61 kg m−2 h−1 respectively, and an SR of 99.96% as compared to the pristine membrane.

CONCLUSION

Our research provides an efficient anti‐wetting NFS/PVDF mixed‐matrix HF membrane, indicating that the optimal membrane possesses high potential for the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Young adults' reasoning for involving a parent in a genomic decision‐making research study
Authors: Pascal Julia M. , McGowan Michelle L. , Blumling Amy A. , Prows Cynthia A. , Lipstein Ellen A. , Myers Melanie F.
Published: August 2023

Young adults have increasing genomic testing opportunities; however, little is known about how equipped they feel about making decisions to learn personal genomic information. We conducted qualitative interviews with 19 young adults, ages 18–21 years old, enrolled in a research study where they made decisions about learning personal genomic risk for developing preventable, treatable, and adult‐onset conditions and carrier status for autosomal recessive conditions. Participants had the option to include a parent in their study visit and the decision‐making process. The goal of this project was to explore young adults' reasons for involving or not involving a parent in the study and to assess young adults' perspectives about parental roles in their healthcare. Nine participants included a parent in the study and ten did not include a parent. Eleven participants received genomic test results before the interview, while eight participants had not yet received their results at the time of the interview. The study team developed a coding guide and coded interview transcripts inductively and deductively using an interpretive descriptive‐analytic approach. Logistical issues dominated solo participants' reasons for not involving a parent in the study, whereas those who involved a parent often cited a close relationship with the parent and the parent's previous involvement in the participant's healthcare as reasons for involving them. Both groups of participants described gradually transitioning to independent healthcare decision‐making with age and felt their comfort in medical decision‐making depends on the severity of and their familiarity with the situation. Participants recommended that future genomic researchers or clinicians give young adults the option to involve a parent or friend as a support person in research or clinical visits. Although young adults may have different journeys toward independent healthcare decision‐making, some may benefit from continued parental or peer involvement after reaching the age of legal adulthood.
Australian healthcare professionals' perspectives on genetic counseling and genetic diagnosis in vascular anomalies
Authors: Garza Denisse , Hildebrand Michael S. , Penington Anthony J. , Brown Natasha , de Silva Michelle G.
Published: August 2023

Genomic technologies are now utilized for the genetic diagnosis of vascular anomalies. This provides the opportunity for genetic counselors to make a significant contribution to patient care for this complex disease. The aim of this study was to explore Australian healthcare professionals' perspectives on the relatively recent integration of molecular diagnostic testing for vascular anomalies, with or without genetic counseling support. Nine semi‐structured interviews were conducted with Australian healthcare professionals involved in the provision of care for individuals with vascular anomalies. Thematic analysis identified six themes: (1) Molecular diagnosis is beneficial; (2) psychosocial needs can motivate families to pursue a molecular diagnosis; (3) molecular genetic testing for vascular anomalies is complex; (4) genetic service provision is not a one size fits all; (5) a client‐centered approach for genetic service provision can go a long way; and (6) the value of genetic counselors. Based on our findings, implementation of a vascular anomalies genetic diagnostic program inclusive of genetic counseling may be challenging, yet such programs are likely to benefit both patients and their families, as well as healthcare professionals. As this paradigm shift unfolds, genetic counselors have an opportunity to contribute to the vascular anomaly field by educating healthcare professionals and patients, by participating in multidisciplinary clinics to support complex cases and by raising awareness regarding their practice and potential contributions.
Dynamic and thermodynamic drivers of rainfall trends at the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Saurral Ramiro I. , Piscitelli Franco M.
Published: August 2023

Southeastern South America (SESA) experienced some of the largest positive trends in total and extreme precipitation of the Southern Hemisphere during the last decades. The City of Buenos Aires, the second largest mega‐city of SESA, has been particularly hard‐hit by these trends due to its flat topography and poor natural drainage. Recent studies suggest that these precipitation extremes may exacerbate even further under global warming, but the physical mechanisms responsible for such events have not been documented for this region so far. This study quantifies the relative contributions of dynamics (atmospheric fronts) and thermodynamics (vertical stability) on the observed variations and trends of daily, seasonal and annual precipitation over the City of Buenos Aires between 1981 and 2020 by splitting the precipitation events into convective and stratiform. Results show that the relative contributions from dynamics and thermodynamics depend on the season under consideration: the positive trends in summer precipitation have been favoured by a net increase in vertical instability with a negligible contribution from dynamics, while the increased frequency of fronts in autumn and winter, when no changes in vertical instability have been observed, has contributed to the higher frequency of cold‐season convective events.
Divergent Motor Learning Programs Improve Motor and Figural Creativity in University Sports Students
Authors: Büning Christian , Lausberg Hedda
Published: August 2023

Based on studies reporting a link between creative thinking and motor creativity, we investigate whether training motor creativity also positively influences creative thinking. In a longitudinal study design spanning two‐and‐a‐half years, we analyzed the relationships between the development of motor and figural creativity based on two distinct programs: a convergent‐oriented sport study program (COSP) and a divergent‐oriented study program (DOSP). Thirty‐three COSP and 31 DOSP students participated in a comprehensive creativity assessment at the beginning and end of their sport studies. A modified version of the BAST® movement analysis was developed to assess motor creativity. Figural creativity was tested via the TTCT. Although both groups were matched for motor and figural creativity, by the end of their sport studies, the DOSP students outperformed the COSP students in all analyzed motor creativity measures (fluency, elaboration, originality). Furthermore, DOSP students also developed significantly in aspects of figural creativity compared to COSP students. Nonlinear structure and teaching methods in the divergent‐oriented learning environment significantly enhance creativity in sports students by broadening not only their movement repertoire but also transferring these new bodily experiences into the figural domain. These findings support the concept of an underlying supramodal base for motor and figural creativity.
Surgical Management of Airway Stenosis During Pregnancy: A Scoping Review
Authors: Miller Katherine M. , Liang Kevin Y. , Nero Neil , Benninger Michael S. , Nelson Rebecca C. , Tierney William S. , Lorenz Robert R. , Bryson Paul C.
Published: August 2023

Objective

There are several options for surgical management of subglottic stenosis, including endoscopic and open procedures. However, treatment algorithms, outcomes, and anesthetic management of subglottic stenosis during pregnancy are not well described.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane databases.

Review Methods

A scoping review of management of subglottic stenosis during pregnancy was performed, and then reported in compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Inclusion criteria consisted of those with subglottic or tracheal stenosis aged greater than 18 years, those in whom management was performed during pregnancy, and those who reported delivery related outcomes.

Results

After systematic review and detailed search of 330 identified articles, 15 articles met inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. All studies were case reports or case series (level 4 evidence). This study identified 27 patients. The median age was 29 and the median gestational age at intervention was 28 weeks. Left lateral positioning and fetal heart rate monitoring were used in nearly every case. The most common intervention performed was endoscopic balloon dilation. In many cases, jet ventilation or transnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange was satisfactory for maintenance of the airway. Three women ultimately required tracheostomy prior to labor and delivery. There was no fetal death or complications reported in these studies, and all but one woman proceeded to deliver at term.

Conclusion

Endoscopic balloon dilation during pregnancy is safe and effective, resulting in optimized respiratory outcomes for the mother and safe delivery of the fetus. The third trimester appears to be safe for airway intervention. Laryngoscope, 134:1014–1022, 2024
Evolutionary characteristics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inEucalyptussoil and driving changes in biologically‐based phosphorus acrossEucalyptusplantations
Authors: Liu Shengyuan , Shi Yutian , Wang Huaxiang , Wang Ye , Liang Xueyu , Liu Sen , Yang Gaoming , Ke Qin , Wu Lichao , He Chun , Chen Lijun
Published: August 2023

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis plays essential roles in shaping rhizosphere soil available phosphorus (P) and organic P mobilization. However, current methods for assessing soil P often do not fully consider the potential role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in supplying biologically‐based phosphorus (BBP) toEucalyptus. This study aims to investigate the effects of AMF on the soil BBP ofEucalyptusplantations and which species prefer to translocate them in phosphorus‐deficient soils. Rhizosphere soil samples ofEucalyptusplantations (in south China) exhibiting different ages (varying between 1 to 12 years) were selected to investigate the evolution of AMF and BBP in soils, as well as their interaction mechanism. The impacts of eight AMF families on BBP were investigated in rhizosphere soil. All BBP contents are significantly positively correlated with Olsen P in the rhizosphere soil ofEucalyptusplantations (p < 0.01). The BBP in soil was notably influenced by AMF diversity, while AMF richness showed little effect on BBP. The abundance of Glomeraceae taxa showed a positive correlation with BBP and a negative correlation with Paraglomeraceae. In contrast, the relative abundance of Glomeraceae was higher in older plantations (including Archaeosporaceae, Claroideoglomeraceae). From the above results, we concluded that different species of the AMF modulated their mycorrhizal traits by improving BBP uptake in the rhizosphere soil. AMF groups (such as Glomeraceae, Archaeosporaceae, Claroideoglomeraceae) should be introduced or amplified at the beginning of planting to promote the uptake and utilization of bioavailable P inEucalyptusplantations. This study will deepen our understanding of AMF for effective BBP utilization inEucalyptusplantations.
Which computable biomedical knowledge objects will be regulated? Results of a UK workshop discussing the regulation of knowledge libraries and software as a medical device
Authors: Wyatt Jeremy C. , Scott Philip , Ordish Johan , South Matthew , Thomas Mark , Jones Caroline , Lacey‐Bryant Sue ,   workshop participants
Published: August 2023

Introduction

To understand when knowledge objects in a computable biomedical knowledge library are likely to be subject to regulation as a medical device in the United Kingdom.

Methods

A briefing paper was circulated to a multi‐disciplinary group of 25 including regulators, lawyers and others with insights into device regulation. A 1‐day workshop was convened to discuss questions relating to our aim. A discussion paper was drafted by lead authors and circulated to other authors for their comments and contributions.

Results

This article reports on those deliberations and describes how UK device regulators are likely to treat the different kinds of knowledge objects that may be stored in computable biomedical knowledge libraries. While our focus is the likely approach of UK regulators, our analogies and analysis will also be relevant to the approaches taken by regulators elsewhere. We include a table examining the implications for each of the four knowledge levels described by Boxwala in 2011 and propose an additional level.

Conclusions

If a knowledge object is described as directly executable for a medical purpose to provide decision support, it will generally be in scope of UK regulation as “software as a medical device.” However, if the knowledge object consists of an algorithm, a ruleset, pseudocode or some other representation that is not directly executable and whose developers make no claim that it can be used for a medical purpose, it is not likely to be subject to regulation. We expect similar reasoning to be applied by regulators in other countries.
Needleless laser injector versus needle injection for skin enhancement and rejuvenation effect of dermal filler
Authors: Han Hye Sung , Kim Bo Ri , Kim Minjae , Na Jung‐Im , Seo Suk Bae , Huh Chang‐Hun , Shin Jung‐Won
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives

A needleless laser‐induced microjet injector is a novel transdermal drug delivery system that can rapidly inject a very small and precise drug dose into the skin with minimal pain and downtime. In this study, we aimed to compare the laser‐induced microjet injection versus needle injection of polylactic acid/hyaluronic acid filler for skin enhancement and rejuvenation.

Patients and Methods

A 24‐week prospective, single‐center, assessor‐blinded, randomized, split‐face study was conducted. The enrolled patients underwent one treatment session of dermal filler injection using a laser‐induced microjet injector on one half of the face or a traditional needle injection on the other half of the face. Evaluation was conducted at baseline before treatment and at 4, 12, and 24 weeks after treatment.

Results

A single treatment of filler injection with a laser‐induced microjet injector resulted in similar improvements in skin hydration and elasticity as a single treatment of filler injection by using manual needle injection, with reduced pain, side effects, and decreased treatment time.

Conclusions

Laser‐induced microjet injector enabled not only the application of a controlled dose and filler depth but also even distribution, improved clinical efficacy, reduced pain and side effects, and sufficient time for clinicians to perform treatment.
Light and Shape‐Memory Polymers: Characterization, Preparation, Stimulation, and Application
Authors: Fang Liang , Yan Wan , Chen Shunping , Duan Qiong , Herath Madhubhashitha , Epaarachchi Jayantha , Liu Yue , Lu Chunhua
Published: August 2023

Shape‐memory polymers (SMPs) are smart materials that change shape when exposed to stimuli and have various applications in different fields due to their unique properties. Light, as a kind of electromagnetic radiation, plays an important role in understanding the structure‐property relations of SMPs, preparing original shapes, using them as non‐contact stimuli sources, and tuning the optical properties of SMPs. This review provides a comprehensive review of the involvement of light in structure‐preparation‐stimuli‐application of SMPs. The review is divided into four sections. First, applications of optical/spectroscopic approaches that provide information for understanding structure‐property relations in SMPs, especially during programming and recovery. Second, describes how to build SMPs with light, including different photochemical reactions and 3D photocuring technologies. Third, discusses how light is used to trigger the shape change of SMPs through both photochemical and photothermal mechanisms. Last, focuses on how to take advantage of the shape‐memory effect to tune the optical characteristics of polymers, including various structures of SMP color‐changing materials and their synthetic strategies. Future research could focus on developing efficient photothermal fillers, new 3D printing techniques for SMPs, exploring their use in biomedical and wearable devices, and optimizing SMPs for industrial applications.
Hot and cold tumors: Immunological features and the therapeutic strategies
Authors: Wang Lianjie , Geng Hui , Liu Yujie , Liu Lei , Chen Yanhua , Wu Fanchen , Liu Zhiyi , Ling Shiliang , Wang Yan , Zhou Lihong
Published: August 2023

The “hotness” or “coldness” of the tumors are determined by the information of the cancer cells themselves, tumor immune characteristics, tumor microenvironment, and signaling mechanisms, which are key factors affecting cancer patients’ clinical efficacy. The switch mechanism of “hotness” and “coldness” and its corresponding pathological characteristics and treatment strategies are the frontier and hot spot of tumor treatment. How to distinguish the “hotness” or “coldness” effectively and clarify the causes, microenvironment state, and characteristics are very important for the tumor response and efficacy treatments. Starting from the concept of hot and cold tumor, this review systematically summarized the molecular characteristics, influencing factors, and therapeutic strategies of “hot and cold tumors,” and analyzed the immunophenotypes, the tumor microenvironment, the signaling pathways, and the molecular markers that contribute to “hot and cold tumors” in details. Different therapeutic strategies for “cold and hot tumors” based on clinical efficacy were analyzed with drug targets and proteins for “cold and hot tumors.” Furthermore, this review combines the therapeutic strategies of different “hot and cold tumors” with traditional medicine and modern medicine, to provide a basis and guidance for clinical decision‐making of cancer treatment.
Nano‐calcipotriol as a potent anti‐hepatic fibrosis agent
Authors: Zhang Yina , Wang Liying , Shao Jiajia , Liu Yanning , Lu Yining , Yang Jing , Xu Siduo , Zhang Jingkang , Li Minwei , Liu Xiangrui , Zheng Min
Published: August 2023

Calcipotriol (CAL) has been widely studied as a fibrosis inhibitor and used to treat plaque psoriasis via transdermal administration. The clinical application of CAL to treat liver fibrosis is bottlenecked by its unsatisfactory pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and side effects, such as hypercalcemia in patients. The exploration of CAL as a safe and effective antifibrotic agent remains a major challenge. Therefore, we rationally designed and synthesized a self‐assembled drug nanoparticle encapsulating CAL in its internal hydrophobic core for systematic injection (termed NPs/CAL) and further investigated the beneficial effect of the nanomaterial on liver fibrosis. C57BL/6 mice were used as the animal model, and human hepatic stellate cell line LX‐2 was used as the cellular model of hepatic fibrogenesis. Immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, western blotting, immunohistochemical staining, and in vitro imaging were used for evaluating the efficacy of NPs/CAL treatment. We found NPs/CAL can be quickly internalized in vitro, thus potently deactivating LX‐2 cells. In addition, NPs/CAL improved blood circulation and the accumulation of CAL in liver tissue. Importantly, NPs/CAL strongly contributed to the remission of liver fibrosis without inducing hypercalcemia. Overall, our work identifies a promising paradigm for the development of nanomaterial‐based agents for liver fibrosis therapy.
School‐based MH services continue to hover over Texas budget debate
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: August 2023

Several areas of state mental health spending received impactful increases during this year's budget deliberations in Texas, but the gains were overshadowed by what some observers consider to be unfinished business on school mental health support.
Providers report signs of progress for Oregon's care system
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: August 2023

Oregon consistently has ranked near the bottom among states nationally in access to mental health services, but a leader in the state's behavioral health provider community reports that they have seen some signs pointing to a positive turnaround.