bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlocal symmetries, Bäcklund transformation and interaction solutions for the integrable Boussinesq equation
Authors: Pu Jun Cai , Chen Yong
Published: July 2020

The nonlocal symmetry of the integrable Boussinesq equation is derived by the truncated Painlevé method. The nonlocal symmetry is localized to the Lie point symmetry by introducing auxiliary-dependent variables and the finite symmetry transformation related to the nonlocal symmetry is presented. The multiple nonlocal symmetries are obtained and localized base on the linear superposition principle, then the determinant representation of the [Formula: see text]th Bäcklund transformation is provided. The integrable Boussinesq equation is also proved to be consistent tanh expansion (CTE) form and accurate interaction solutions among solitons and other types of nonlinear waves are given out analytically and graphically by the CTE method. The associated structure may be related to large variety of real physical phenomena.
A dynamically tunable and wide-angle terahertz absorber based on graphene-dielectric grating
Authors: Wu Chunyan , Fang Yiqiang , Luo Linbao , Guo Kai , Guo Zhongyi
Published: July 2020

We theoretically and numerically demonstrate a tunable and wide-angle terahertz absorber, which is composed of multilayer graphene-dielectric grating and bottom metal substrate. Numerical simulation shows that the proposed absorber has the advantage of dynamically tunable range from 1.015 THz to 1.165 THz when the chemical potential of graphene increases from 10 meV to 150 meV. The absorption efficiency can reach a high value of 99%. To show the working mechanism of absorption, the near field distributions of magnetic components are presented at the absorption wavelength. We also demonstrate that the tunable range of absorption can be engineered by designing the geometry parameters. In addition, it is shown that the designed absorber can maintain the good performance of absorption over a wide incident angle from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] under TM-polarization.
Periodic Orbit Bifurcations in Planar Hysteretic Systems without Equilibria
Authors: Esteban Marina , Ponce Enrique , Torres Francisco
Published: July 2020

This paper is devoted to the analysis of bidimensional piecewise linear systems with hysteresis coming from 3D systems with slow–fast dynamics. We focus our attention on the symmetric case without equilibria, determining the existence of periodic orbits as well as their stability, and possible bifurcations. New analytical characterizations of bifurcations in these hysteretic systems are obtained. In particular, bifurcations of periodic orbits from infinity, grazing and saddle-node bifurcations of periodic orbits are studied in detail and the corresponding bifurcation sets are provided. Finally, the study of the hysteretic systems is shown to be useful in detecting periodic orbits for some [Formula: see text]D piecewise linear systems.
A Dynamic Duopoly Game with Content Providers’ Bounded Rationality
Authors: Garmani Hamid , Omar Driss Ait , El Amrani Mohamed , Baslam Mohamed , Jourhmane Mostafa
Published: July 2020

This paper investigates the dynamical behaviors of a duopoly model with two content providers (CPs). Competition between two CPs is assumed to take place in terms of their pricing decisions and the credibility of content they offer. According to the CPs’ rationality level, we consider a scenario where both CPs are bounded rational. Each CP in any period uses the marginal profit observed from the previous period to choose its strategies. We compute explicitly the steady states of the dynamical system induced by bounded rationality, and establish a necessary and sufficient condition for stability of its Nash equilibrium (NE). Numerical simulations show that if some parameters of the model are varied, the stability of the NE point is lost and the complex (periodic or chaotic) behavior occurs. The chaotic behavior of the system is stabilized on the NE point by applying control.
Birth of Isolated Nested Cylinders and Limit Cycles in 3D Piecewise Smooth Vector Fields with Symmetry
Authors: Carvalho Tiago , de Freitas Bruno Rodrigues
Published: July 2020

Our start point is a 3D piecewise smooth vector field defined in two zones and presenting a shared fold curve for the two smooth vector fields considered. Moreover, these smooth vector fields are symmetric relative to the fold curve, giving rise to a continuum of nested topological cylinders such that each orthogonal section of these cylinders is filled by centers. First, we prove that the normal form considered represents a whole class of piecewise smooth vector fields. After we perturb the initial model in order to obtain exactly [Formula: see text] invariant planes containing centers, a second perturbation of the initial model is also considered in order to obtain exactly [Formula: see text] isolated cylinders filled by periodic orbits. Finally, joining the two previous bifurcations we are able to exhibit a model, preserving the symmetry relative to the fold curve, and having exactly [Formula: see text] limit cycles.
On the Number of Limit Cycles Bifurcating from a Compound Polycycle
Authors: Sheng Lijuan , Han Maoan , Tian Yun
Published: July 2020

This paper focuses on the number of limit cycles bifurcating from a symmetrical compound polycycle with three saddles. We use two methods, the Melnikov function method and the method of stability-changing of a homoclinic loop or a double homoclinic loop to study this problem. We find 15 limit cycles and 16 limit cycles respectively with four alien limit cycles under certain conditions.
Numerical Detection and Analysis of Strong Resonance Bifurcations with a Reflection Symmetry and Some Applications in Economics and Neural Networks
Authors: Mazrooei-Sebdani Reza , Eskandari Zohreh
Published: July 2020

This paper is concerned with the strong resonance bifurcations with a reflection symmetry i.e. [Formula: see text]-symmetry in maps. We compute the normal form of [Formula: see text] resonance and [Formula: see text] resonance bifurcations with [Formula: see text]-symmetry. We use standard normal form techniques in order to obtain the reduced map. Then, we will obtain explicit formulae for normal form coefficients of bifurcations with [Formula: see text]-symmetry. By using critical coefficients, we avoid the computation of the center manifold and the transformation of the linear part of the map into Jordan form. So this method can be used in the study of bifurcations with [Formula: see text]-symmetry in general problems. To illustrate our results, we will analyze local bifurcations of the strong resonance bifurcations with [Formula: see text]-symmetry numerically and then we will present some applications from economics and neural networks.
Exploring Complex Dynamics of Spatial Predator–Prey System: Role of Predator Interference and Additional Food
Authors: Tiwari Vandana , Tripathi Jai Prakash , Jana Debaldev , Tiwari Satish Kumar , Upadhyay Ranjit Kumar
Published: July 2020

In this paper, an attempt has been made to understand the role of predator’s interference and additional food on the dynamics of a diffusive population model. We have studied a predator–prey interaction system with mutually interfering predator by considering additional food and Crowley–Martin functional response (CMFR) for both the reaction–diffusion model and associated spatially homogeneous system. The local stability analysis ensures that as the quantity of alternative food decreases, predator-free equilibrium stabilizes. Moreover, we have also obtained a condition providing a threshold value of additional food for the global asymptotic stability of coexisting steady state. The nonspatial model system changes stability via transcritical bifurcation and switches its stability through Hopf-bifurcation with respect to certain ranges of parameter determining the quantity of additional food. Conditions obtained for local asymptotic stability of interior equilibrium solution of temporal system determines the local asymptotic stability of associated diffusive model. The global stability of positive equilibrium solution of diffusive model system has been established by constructing a suitable Lyapunov function and using Green’s first identity. Using Harnack inequality and maximum modulus principle, we have established the nonexistence of nonconstant positive equilibrium solution of the diffusive model system. A chain of patterns on increasing the strength of additional food as spots[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]stripes[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]spots has been obtained. Various kind of spatial-patterns have also been demonstrated via numerical simulations and the roles of predator interference and additional food are established.
Global Dynamics of a Planar Filippov System with Symmetry
Authors: Pan Hongjie , Chen Xiaofeng , Pu Jiao , Chen Xiaoxing
Published: July 2020

Chen [2016a, 2016b] studied global dynamics of the Filippov systems [Formula: see text], respectively. To study the global dynamics of [Formula: see text] completely, since the dynamics of [Formula: see text] is very simple, we are only interested in the global dynamics of [Formula: see text] in this paper. Firstly, we use Briot–Bouquet transformations and normal sector methods to discuss these degenerate equilibria at infinity. Secondly, we discuss the number of limit cycles completely. Then, the sufficient and necessary conditions of existence of the heteroclinic loop are found. To estimate the upper bound of the heteroclinic loop bifurcation function on parameter space, a result on the amplitude of a unique limit cycle of a discontinuous Liénard system is given. Finally, the complete bifurcation diagram and all global phase portraits are presented. The global dynamic property of system [Formula: see text] is totally different from systems [Formula: see text].
Testing gravity with neutrinos: From classical to quantum regime
Authors: Luciano Giuseppe Gaetano , Petruzziello Luciano
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we survey the main characteristics that provide neutrinos with the capability of being the perfect candidate to test gravity. A number of potentially resourceful scenarios are analyzed, with particular emphasis on how the versatility of neutrinos lends itself to understand the multifaceted nature of the gravitational interaction, both at classical and quantum scales. As a common thread running through the two different regimes, we consider the fundamental principles underpinning General Relativity and its possible quantum extensions. Finally, we discuss some open problems and future perspectives.
An Admittance-controlled Force-scaling Dexterous Assistive Robotic System
Authors: Piwowarczyk Jakub , Carriere Jay , Adams Kim , Tavakoli Mahdi
Published: July 2020

Play has a vital role in a child’s development; it can affect everything from social and language to cognitive and perceptual skills. However, if a child has a physical disability, the fundamental limitations of their disability may prevent them from participating in all forms of play. Construction and block play is an example of play that may be difficult for children who have reduced upper body strength and are, therefore, unable to manipulate heavier objects in space. In this paper, we propose a novel 6 degree-of-freedom admittance-controlled, force-scaling robot that will allow for children to lift heavier objects than they would normally be able to, while still retaining the full range of motion of their upper body. This assistive system is designed to retain the user’s haptic perception, allowing the user to still partially feel the weight of the objects that they are manipulating. Two user studies are done to evaluate the usability of the system. First, to ensure that the force scaling of the system does not negatively affect a user’s haptic perception, 10 able-bodied individuals were asked to order a series of buckets with identical appearances but different masses from lightest to heaviest with three different force-scaling factors. It was shown that the force amplification ability of the system does not significantly detract from users’ ability to discriminate masses. Second, to evaluate the precision and the usefulness of the force scaling of the system, users were asked to perform a challenging peg-in-hole insertion task. Results indicate that the system has a positive effect on the ability of a user to perform the task when the assistance is necessary. However, increasing amounts of assistance, past those required for participants to complete the task without issues, do not have any significant effect. The effect of a modular reacher bar that can augment the workspace of users is investigated through a similar peg-in-hole insertion task. For the trials with the modular reacher bar attached, it is shown that the system’s force amplification has a very positive effect in assisting users in completing the task. It should be noted that although the target population for this paper is children with disabilities, there can also be uses for this system as a general assistive technology for adults with upper-body weakness in their daily lives.
Noise-Resilient Reconstruction of Panoramas and 3D Scenes Using Robot-Mounted Unsynchronized Commodity RGB-D Cameras
Authors: Yang Sheng , Li Beichen , Cao Yan-Pei , Fu Hongbo , Lai Yu-Kun , Kobbelt Leif , Hu Shi-Min
Published: July 2020

We present a two-stage approach to first constructing 3D panoramas and then stitching them for noise-resilient reconstruction of large-scale indoor scenes. Our approach requires multiple unsynchronized RGB-D cameras, mounted on a robot platform, which can perform in-place rotations at different locations in a scene. Such cameras rotate on a common (but unknown) axis, which provides a novel perspective for coping with unsynchronized cameras, without requiring sufficient overlap of their Field-of-View (FoV). Based on this key observation, we propose novel algorithms to track these cameras simultaneously. Furthermore, during the integration of raw frames onto an equirectangular panorama, we derive uncertainty estimates from multiple measurements assigned to the same pixels. This enables us to appropriately model the sensing noise and consider its influence, so as to achieve better noise resilience, and improve the geometric quality of each panorama and the accuracy of global inter-panorama registration. We evaluate and demonstrate the performance of our proposed method for enhancing the geometric quality of scene reconstruction from both real-world and synthetic scans.
Kinetic Study of Lithiation-Induced Phase Transitions in Amorphous Germanium Thin Films
Authors: Miao Jinghui , Wang Baoming , Thompson Carl V.
Published: July 2020

Mechanisms of the reversible lithiation of amorphous germanium thin films were studied using electrochemical and structural characterization techniques. Cyclic voltammograms (CV) exhibited major lithiation peaks and delithiation peaks, the latter of which turned out to be highly dependent on the lithiation cutoff voltage and closely associated with the formation of the crystalline phase c-Li15Ge4. Through detailed analyses of CV and potentiostatic tests we demonstrate that the features of electrochemically induced phase transitions vary with lithiation voltage. A surprising finding is that two phase transitions occur simultaneously in the 0.29–0.14 V range. In this regime, three phases, two amorphous phases with different stoichiometries and the crystalline phase, can co-exist. The cycle-number dependence of formation of the crystalline phase as well as structural analyses suggest that crack formation may play an important role in reducing the kinetic barrier associated with crystallization. This study sheds new light on the kinetic constraints on lithiation of a-Ge and yields insight for electrode design and development of cycling schemes for optimized performance and cyclability.
Efferent synaptic transmission at the vestibular type II hair cell synapse
Authors: Yu Zhou , McIntosh J. Michael , Sadeghi Soroush G. , Glowatzki Elisabeth
Published: July 2020

Type II vestibular hair cells (HCs) receive inputs from efferent neurons in the brain stem. We used in vitro optogenetic and electrical stimulation of vestibular efferent fibers to study their synaptic inputs to type II HCs. Stimulation of efferents inhibited type II HCs, similar to efferent effects on cochlear HCs. We propose that efferent inputs adjust the contribution of signals from type I and II HCs to vestibular nerve fibers.
Synaptic properties of the feedback connections from the thalamic reticular nucleus to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
Authors: Campbell Peter W. , Govindaiah Gubbi , Masterson Sean P. , Bickford Martha E. , Guido William
Published: July 2020

The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) modulates thalamocortical transmission through inhibition. In mouse, TRN terminals in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) form synapses with relay neurons but not interneurons. Stimulation of TRN terminals in dLGN leads to a frequency-dependent form of inhibition, with higher rates of stimulation leading to a greater suppression of spike firing. Thus, TRN inhibition appears more dynamic than previously recognized, having a graded rather than an all-or-none impact on thalamocortical transmission.
Follow-Up in Bone Sarcoma Care: A Cross-Sectional European Study
Authors: Goedhart Louren M. , Leithner Andreas , Ploegmakers Joris J. W. , Jutte Paul C.
Published: July 2020

Background. Follow-up of high-grade bone sarcoma patients with repeated radiological imaging aims at early detection of recurrent disease or distant metastasis. Repeated radiological imaging does expose (mostly young) patients to ionising radiation. At this point, it is not known whether frequent follow-up increases overall survival. Additionally, frequent follow-up subjects patients and families to psychological stress. This study aims to assess follow-up procedures in terms of frequency and type of imaging modalities in bone tumour centres across Europe for comparison and improvement of knowledge as a first step towards a more uniform approach towards bone sarcoma follow-up. Methods. Data were obtained through analysis of several follow-up protocols and a digital questionnaire returned by EMSOS members of bone tumour centres all across Europe. Results. All participating bone tumour centres attained a minimum follow-up period of ten years. National guidelines revealed variations in follow-up intervals and use of repeated imaging with ionising radiation. A local and a chest X-ray were obtained at 47.6% of the responding clinics at every follow-up patient visit. Conclusions. Variations were seen among European bone sarcoma centres with regards to follow-up intervals and use of repeated imaging. The majority of these expert centres follow existing international guidelines and find them sufficient as basis for a follow-up surveillance programme despite lack of evidence. Future research should aim towards evidence-based follow-up with focus on the effects of follow-up strategies on health outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and individualised follow-up algorithms.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Sleep Quality after 12 Months of Treatment in Nonsevere Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Clinical Trial with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Mandibular Advancement Splints
Authors: Berg Lars M. , Ankjell Torun K. S. , Sun Yi-Qian , Trovik Tordis A. , Rikardsen Oddveig G. , Sjögren Anders , Moen Ketil , Hellem Sølve , Bugten Vegard
Published: July 2020

In this randomized controlled trial, patients with nonsevere obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or a twin block mandibular advancement splint (MAS). The primary objective was to compare how CPAP and MAS treatments change the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and self-reported sleep quality of patients after 12 months of treatment. In total, 104 patients were recruited: 55 were allocated to the CPAP treatment group and 49 to the MAS treatment group. We used the SF36 questionnaire to evaluate HRQoL and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate sleep quality. All patients were included in the intention-to-treat analyses. These analyses showed improvements in the SF36 physical component score (from 48.8 ± 7.6 at baseline to 50.5 ± 8.0 at follow-up, p=0.03) in the CPAP treatment group and in the mental component score (from 44.9 ± 12.1 to 49.3 ± 9.2, p=0.009) in the MAS treatment group. The PSQI global score improved in both the CPAP (from 7.7 ± 3.5 to 6.6 ± 2.9, p=0.006) and the MAS (8.0 ± 3.1 to 6.1 ± 2.6, p<0.001) treatment groups. No difference was found between the treatment groups in any of the SF36 scores or PSQI global score at the final follow-up (p>0.05) in any analysis. The improvement in the SF36 vitality domain moderately correlated to the improvement in the PSQI global score in both groups (CPAP: r=0.47, p<0.001; MAS: r=0.36, p=0.01). In the MAS treatment group, we also found a weak correlation between improvements in the SF36 mental component score and PSQI global score (r=0.28, p=0.05). In conclusion, CPAP and MAS treatments lead to similar improvements in the HRQoL and self-reported sleep quality in nonsevere OSA. Improvements in aspects of HRQoL seem to be moderately correlated to the self-reported sleep quality in both CPAP and MAS treatments.
Dietary Practices, Nutrient Adequacy, and Nutrition Status among Adolescents in Boarding High Schools in the Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania
Authors: Nicholaus Calista , Martin Haikael D. , Kassim Neema , Matemu Athanasia O. , Kimiywe Judith
Published: July 2020

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess dietary practices, nutrient adequacy, and nutrition status among 164 adolescents aged between 16 and 19 years in boarding secondary schools in the Kilimanjaro region. In-depth interviews and a survey guided by a semistructured and structured questionnaire, including 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaire techniques, were used to collect information. Nutrition status was assessed using anthropometric measurements and hemoglobin levels. WHO AnthroPlus software and NutriSurvey software were used to analyze anthropometry and dietary data, respectively. Diet in boarding schools was monotonous comprising mainly of cereal-legume meal with low intake of animal sources, fruits, and vegetables. Mean intake of energy, vitamin C, iron, calcium, and zinc was 1392 kcal, 24.8 mg, 9.2 mg, 134.5 mg, and 4.3 mg, respectively, which were below the Recommended Daily Allowance. The average carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake of 471.9 g, 73.7 g, and 80.7 g, respectively, were slightly higher than the Recommended Daily Allowance in both sexes. Male had a significantly higher intake of protein and carbohydrates (P<0.001). Female had a significantly (P<0.001) high intake of fat compared to male adolescents. Overall, 23.1% of the adolescents were anaemic, 25% were overweight, and 6.1% were obese. Boarding secondary schools’ diet is monotonous and are inadequate in key micronutrients, iron, zinc, calcium, and vitamin C. There is a coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition among adolescents in boarding schools. Therefore, monitoring adolescents’ dietary intake and nutrition status is a key in preventing adolescents’ malnutrition in the short term and diet-related diseases in the long term.
A Matheuristic Iterative Approach for Profit-Oriented Line Planning Applied to the Chinese High-Speed Railway Network
Authors: Liu Di , Durán Micco Javier , Lu Gongyuan , Peng Qiyuan , Ning Jia , Vansteenwegen Pieter
Published: July 2020

In this paper, a matheuristic iterative approach (MHIA) is proposed to solve the line planning problem, also called network design problem, and frequency setting on the Chinese high-speed railway network. Our optimization model integrates the cost-oriented and passenger-oriented objectives into a profit-oriented objective. Therefore, the passenger travel time is incorporated in the ticket price using a travel time value. As a result, transfers and detours will result in lower ticket prices and thus lower revenues for the operator. When evaluating the performance of a given line plan, the way in which passengers will travel through the network needs to be modelled. This passenger assignment is typically a time-consuming calculation. The proposed line planning approach iteratively improves the line plan using easy-to-determine indicators. During the process, a mixed integer linear programming model addresses the passenger assignment and optimizes the frequency setting in order to maximise the operational profit. Extensive computational experiments are executed to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach to deal with the real-world railway network line planning problem. Through extensive computational experiments on the small example network and real-world-based instances, the results show that the proposed model can improve the profits by 22.4% on average comparing to their initial solutions. When comparing to an alternative iterative approach, our proposed method has advantage of obtaining high quality of solutions by improving the profit 10.8% on average. For small, medium, and large size networks, the obtained results are close to the optimal solutions, when available.
Combination Estimation of Smoothing Spline and Fourier Series in Nonparametric Regression
Authors: Mariati Ni Putu Ayu Mirah , Budiantara I. Nyoman , Ratnasari Vita
Published: July 2020

So far, most of the researchers developed one type of estimator in nonparametric regression. But in reality, in daily life, data with mixed patterns were often encountered, especially data patterns which partly changed at certain subintervals, and some others followed a recurring pattern in a certain trend. The estimator method used for the data pattern was a mixed estimator method of smoothing spline and Fourier series. This regression model was approached by the component smoothing spline and Fourier series. From this process, the mixed estimator was completed using two estimation stages. The first stage was the estimation with penalized least squares (PLS), and the second stage was the estimation with least squares (LS). Those estimators were then implemented using simulated data. The simulated data were gained by generating two different functions, namely, polynomial and trigonometric functions with the size of the sample being 100. The whole process was then repeated 50 times. The experiment of the two functions was modeled using a mixture of the smoothing spline and Fourier series estimators with various smoothing and oscillation parameters. The generalized cross validation (GCV) minimum was selected as the best model. The simulation results showed that the mixed estimators gave a minimum (GCV) value of 11.98. From the minimum GCV results, it was obtained that the mean square error (MSE) was 0.71 and R2 was 99.48%. So, the results obtained indicated that the model was good for a mixture estimator of smoothing spline and Fourier series.
Takeover Quality: Assessing the Effects of Time Budget and Traffic Density with the Help of a Trajectory-Planning Method
Authors: Doubek Fabian , Loosveld Erik , Happee Riender , de Winter Joost
Published: July 2020

In highly automated driving, the driver can engage in a nondriving task but sometimes has to take over control. We argue that current takeover quality measures, such as the maximum longitudinal acceleration, are insufficient because they ignore the criticality of the scenario. This paper proposes a novel method of quantifying how well the driver executed an automation-to-manual takeover by comparing human behaviour to optimised behaviour as computed using a trajectory planner. A human-in-the-loop study was carried out in a high-fidelity 6-DOF driving simulator with 25 participants. The takeover required a lane change to avoid roadworks on the ego-lane while taking other traffic into consideration. Each participant encountered six different takeover scenarios, with a different time budget (5 s, 7 s, or 20 s) and traffic density level (low or medium). Results showed that drivers exhibited a considerably higher longitudinal and lateral acceleration than the optimised behaviour, especially in the short time budget scenarios. In scenarios of medium traffic density, the trajectory planner showed a moderate deceleration to let a vehicle in the left lane pass; many participants, on the other hand, did not decelerate before making a lane change, resulting in a dangerous emergency brake of the left-lane vehicle. In conclusion, our results illustrate the value of assessing human takeover behaviour relative to optimised behaviour. Using the trajectory planner, we showed that human drivers are unable to behave optimally in urgent scenarios and that, in some conditions, a medium deceleration, as opposed to a maximal or minimal deceleration, is optimal.
Simple Orthodontic Correction of Rotated Malpositioned Teeth Using Sectional Wire and 2×4 Orthodontic Appliances in Mixed-Dentition: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Sockalingam S. Nagarajan M. P. , Zakaria Ahmad Shuhud Irfani , Khan Khairil Aznan Mohamed , Azmi Fayyadhah Mohd , Noor Nurhidayah Muhd
Published: July 2020

The correction of rotated malpositioned tooth/teeth into the dental arch alignment in the mixed-dentition is often a challenging task for paediatric dentists. Failure in addressing this issue can bring about detrimental effect to the developing dentition and increases the probability of a complex orthodontic treatment in later years. Factors such as severity of the malpositioned teeth, patient’s treatment compliance, limitation in specific functions of the selected appliance, availability of bone and space may dictate the success of the treatment. The combined use of a simple sectional orthodontic wire appliance and a 2×4 orthodontic appliance has been shown to produce a positive effect. The appliances resulted in derotation of the rotated malpositioned teeth and bringing them into arch alignment in two cases. This treatment option had eliminated the detrimental effects to the developing dentition and helped patients to enhance their smile and dental aesthetics.
Hemorheological Alterations in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Treated by Resveratrol
Authors: Gal Roland , Praksch Dora , Kenyeres Peter , Rabai Miklos , Toth Kalman , Halmosi Robert , Habon Tamas
Published: July 2020

Objectives. Several beneficial effects of resveratrol have already been published. This study evaluated the effect of resveratrol on the hemorheological parameters in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Methods. In our double-blind, placebo-controlled human clinical trial, we enrolled 60 outpatients with heart failure. Patients were randomized into two groups: receiving either 100 mg resveratrol capsule daily or placebo for 3 months. Hematocrit was determined by microhematocrit centrifuge. Plasma and whole blood viscosity was evaluated by capillary viscometer. Erythrocyte aggregation was measured by both LORCA and Myrenne aggregometers. LORCA ektacytometer was used for measuring erythrocyte deformability. Exercise capacity was assessed by a 6-minute walk test. Results. Resveratrol treatment did not have any significant effect on hematocrit and viscosity. The erythrocyte deformability also remained unchanged. However, significant improvement of red blood cell aggregation was observed in the resveratrol group compared to baseline after 3 months. Furthermore, positive correlation was found between the exercise capacity and the hemorheological properties (Hct, WBV, and RBC aggregation and deformability) as well. Conclusion. These findings indicate that resveratrol can significantly reduce red blood cell aggregation, which may positively influence microcirculation, which may contribute to the improvement of tissue perfusion and oxygen supply in heart failure.
Existence of Multispike Positive Solutions for a Nonlocal Problem in ℝ3
Authors: Yang Jing , Bian Qiuxiang , Zhao Na
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we study the following nonlinear Choquard equation −ϵ2Δu+Kxu=1/8πϵ2∫ℝ3u2y/x−ydyu,x∈ℝ3, where ϵ>0 and Kx is a positive bounded continuous potential on ℝ3. By applying the reduction method, we proved that for any positive integer k, the above equation has a positive solution with k spikes near the local maximum point of Kx if ϵ>0 is sufficiently small under some suitable conditions on Kx.
Redox Regulation of PPARγ in Polarized Macrophages
Authors: Trümper Verena , Wittig Ilka , Heidler Juliana , Richter Florian , Brüne Bernhard , von Knethen Andreas
Published: July 2020

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) is a central mediator of cellular lipid metabolism and immune cell responses during inflammation. This is facilitated by its role as a transcription factor as well as a DNA-independent protein interaction partner. We addressed how the cellular redox milieu in the cytosol and the nucleus of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-γ- (IFNγ-) and interleukin-4- (IL4-) polarized macrophages (MΦ) initiates posttranslational modifications of PPARγ, that in turn alter its protein function. Using the redox-sensitive GFP2 (roGFP2), we validated oxidizing and reducing conditions following classical and alternative activation of MΦ, while the redox status of PPARγ was determined via mass spectrometry. Cysteine residues located in the zinc finger regions (amino acid fragments AA 90-115, AA 116-130, and AA 160-167) of PPARγ were highly oxidized, accompanied by phosphorylation of serine 82 in response to LPS/IFNγ, whereas IL4-stimulation provoked minor serine 82 phosphorylation and less cysteine oxidation, favoring a reductive milieu. Mutating these cysteines to alanine to mimic a redox modification decreased PPARγ-dependent reporter gene transactivation supporting a functional shift of PPARγ associated with the MΦ phenotype. These data suggest distinct mechanisms for regulating PPARγ function based on the redox state of MΦ.
Vein Distribution on the Deformation Behavior and Fracture Mechanisms of Typical Plant Leaves by Quasi In Situ Tensile Test under a Digital Microscope
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Ye Wei , Zhang Zhihui , Yu Zhenglei , Ding Hongyan , Zhang Chao , Liu Sen
Published: July 2020

Angiosperm leaf venation is based on two major patterns, typically dicotyledonous branching and monocotyledonous parallel veins. The influence of these patterns on deformation and fracture properties is poorly understood. In this paper, three species of dicotyledons with netted venation and three species of monocots with parallel venation were selected, and the effect of vein distribution of leaves on their mechanical properties and deformation behavior was investigated. Whole images of leaves were captured using a digital camera, and their vein traits were measured using the image processing software Digimizer. A self-developed mechanical testing apparatus with high precision and low load was used to measure the tensile properties of leaves. The deformation behavior of the leaf was captured using a digital microscope during the tensile test. Results showed that the vein architecture of monocots and dicots is different, which had a remarkable effect on their mechanical properties, deformation behavior, and crack propagation behavior. The greater the diameter and the more the number of veins parallel to the tensile direction, the higher the tensile force, tensile strength, and elastic modulus of the leaves. The netted venation leaves evinced the elastic-plastic fracture type, and the hierarchy venation provided resistance to fracture propagation of cracks in the leaves by lengthening the crack path. The leaves with parallel venation behaved in a predominantly brittle manner or elastic fracture type, and the parallel venation inhibited the initiation of cracks in the leaves by increasing the load at complete fracture of the leaves. The investigation provides reference for a stiffened plate/shell structure and bionic anticrack design.
Automatic NoSQL to Relational Database Transformation with Dynamic Schema Mapping
Authors: Aftab Zain , Iqbal Waheed , Almustafa Khaled Mohamad , Bukhari Faisal , Abdullah Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Recently, the use of NoSQL databases has grown to manage unstructured data for applications to ensure performance and scalability. However, many organizations prefer to transfer data from an operational NoSQL database to a SQL-based relational database for using existing tools for business intelligence, analytics, decision making, and reporting. The existing methods of NoSQL to relational database transformation require manual schema mapping, which requires domain expertise and consumes noticeable time. Therefore, an efficient and automatic method is needed to transform an unstructured NoSQL database into a structured database. In this paper, we proposed and evaluated an efficient method to transform a NoSQL database into a relational database automatically. In our experimental evaluation, we used MongoDB as a NoSQL database, and MySQL and PostgreSQL as relational databases to perform transformation tasks for different dataset sizes. We observed excellent performance, compared to the existing state-of-the-art methods, in transforming data from a NoSQL database into a relational database.
The Effects of Edible Coatings on the Postharvest Quality of Citrus Fruits as Affected by Granulation
Authors: Kahramanoğlu İbrahim , Chen Chuying , Gan Zengyu , Chen Jinyin , Wan Chunpeng
Published: July 2020

The world population is growing day-by-day, while the available natural resources for agricultural production, i.e., soil and water, are rapidly decreasing. Moreover, consumer preferences are highly affected by some quality characteristics of food products, which can be classified as external, internal, and hidden attributes. Among the internal quality attributes, granulation is a significant factor damaging the inner quality of citrus fruits and reducing the consumer attraction. The main symptoms of granulation (also known as section drying, crystallization, or scarification) in citrus are shrivelling in juice sacs due to gel formation, hardening, white colour, and low extractable juice content. A well-known result of the granulation is the reduction in soluble solid concentration (SSC), total sugar, and titratable acidity (TA). Granulation is known to affect the citrus fruit quality all over the world. Since citrus is one of the world’s most popular fruit species, it is highly important to identify and manage this physiological problem to help sustainable production throughout the world. Consumer’s preferences have also been moving towards the use of eco- and environmental-friendly alternative methods in postharvest fruit storage, including edible coatings. Edible coatings act as a barrier for the air and water transitions through the surface of fruits which results in retarding the deterioration of fruits, preventing and/or controlling the microbial decay, improving the fruit quality, and hence extending the storage duration. The mechanism of citrus fruit granulation is highly associated with the oxidative stress, and edible coatings have been reported to significantly reduce granulation and improve the quality of the fruits. In line with this information, this review article aimed to summarize the reasons, results, and managements of granulation of citrus fruits.
Photoelectrochemical Properties of Porous Si/TiO2 Nanowire Heterojunction Structure
Authors: Wang Ji , Yang Jikai , Zhao Yiming , Wang Guozheng
Published: July 2020

The porous silicon as substrate material was prepared by metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) method. The TiO2 nanowire cover layer on porous silicon was prepared by hydrothermal method. Thus, porous Si/TiO2 nanowire heterostructure was obtained. The formation of the porous Si/TiO2 nanowire heterostructure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of diffuse reflection spectra (DRS) show that porous Si/TiO2 nanowire has the highest antireflectivity among the four tested samples. Photoelectric catalysis (PEC) and photocurrent measurement show that the porous Si/TiO2 nanowire heterostructure has higher photoelectric catalytic and photocurrent activity than the other samples under the simulated solar light and visible light irradiation. The results showed that the construction of the porous Si/TiO2 nanowire heterostructure improved the photoelectrochemical properties, which is attributed to the heterogeneous effect and window effect.
Fibrotic Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy Predicts Survival in Pancreatic Cancer and Is Measurable with Collagen-Targeted Molecular MRI
Authors: Erstad Derek J. , Sojoodi Mozhdeh , Taylor Martin S. , Jordan Veronica Clavijo , Farrar Christian T. , Axtell Andrea L. , Rotile Nicholas J. , Jones Chloe , Graham-O'Regan Katherine A. , Ferreira Diego S. , Michelakos Theodoros , Kontos Filippos , Chawla Akhil , Li Shen , Ghoshal Sarani , Chen Yin-Ching Iris , Arora Gunisha , Humblet Valerie , Deshpande Vikram , Qadan Motaz , Bardeesy Nabeel , Ferrone Cristina R. , Lanuti Michael , Tanabe Kenneth K. , Caravan Peter , Fuchs Bryan C.
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the prognostic value of posttreatment fibrosis in human PDAC patients, and to compare a type I collagen targeted MRI probe, CM-101, to the standard contrast agent, Gd-DOTA, for their abilities to identify FOLFIRINOX-induced fibrosis in a murine model of PDAC.

Experimental Design:

Ninety-three chemoradiation-treated human PDAC samples were stained for fibrosis and outcomes evaluated. For imaging, C57BL/6 and FVB mice were orthotopically implanted with PDAC cells and FOLFIRINOX was administered. Mice were imaged with Gd-DOTA and CM-101.

Results:

In humans, post-chemoradiation PDAC tumor fibrosis was associated with longer overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) on multivariable analysis (OS P = 0.028, DFS P = 0.047). CPA increased the prognostic accuracy of a multivariable logistic regression model comprised of previously established PDAC risk factors [AUC CPA (−) = 0.76, AUC CPA (+) = 0.82]. In multiple murine orthotopic PDAC models, FOLFIRINOX therapy reduced tumor weight (P < 0.05) and increased tumor fibrosis by collagen staining (P < 0.05). CM-101 MR signal was significantly increased in fibrotic tumor regions. CM-101 signal retention was also increased in the more fibrotic FOLFIRINOX-treated tumors compared with untreated controls (P = 0.027), consistent with selective probe binding to collagen. No treatment-related differences were observed with Gd-DOTA imaging.

Conclusions:

In humans, post-chemoradiation tumor fibrosis is associated with OS and DFS. In mice, our MR findings indicate that translation of collagen molecular MRI with CM-101 to humans might provide a novel imaging technique to monitor fibrotic response to therapy to assist with prognostication and disease management.
A Biomarker-enriched, Randomized Phase II Trial of Adavosertib (AZD1775) Plus Paclitaxel and Carboplatin for Women with Platinum-sensitive TP53-mutant Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Oza Amit M. , Estevez-Diz Maria , Grischke Eva-Maria , Hall Marcia , Marmé Frederik , Provencher Diane , Uyar Denise , Weberpals Johanne I. , Wenham Robert M. , Laing Naomi , Tracy Michael , Freshwater Tomoko , Lee Mark A. , Liu Ji , Qiu Jingjun , Rose Shelonitda , Rubin Eric H. , Moore Kathleen
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

Preclinical studies show that adavosertib, a WEE1 kinase inhibitor, sensitizes TP53-mutant cells to chemotherapy. We hypothesized that adavosertib, plus chemotherapy, would enhance efficacy versus placebo in TP53-mutated ovarian cancer.

Patients and Methods:

Following safety run-in, this double-blind phase II trial (NCT01357161) randomized women with TP53-mutated, platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer to oral adavosertib (225 mg twice daily for 2.5 days/21-day cycle) or placebo, plus carboplatin (AUC5) and paclitaxel (175 mg/m2), until disease progression or for six cycles. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) by enhanced RECIST v1.1 [ePFS (volumetric)] and safety. Secondary/exploratory objectives included PFS by RECIST v1.1 (single dimension), objective response rate, overall survival, and analysis of tumor gene profile versus sensitivity to adavosertib.

Results:

A total of 121 patients were randomized to adavosertib (A+C; n = 59) and placebo (P+C; n = 62) plus chemotherapy. Adding adavosertib to chemotherapy improved ePFS [median, 7.9 (95% confidence interval (CI), 6.9–9.9) vs. 7.3 months (5.6–8.2); HR 0.63 (95% CI, 0.38–1.06); two-sided P = 0.080], meeting the predefined significance threshold (P < 0.2). Clinical benefit was observed following A+C for patients with different TP53 mutation subtypes, identifying possible response biomarkers. An increase in adverse events was seen with A+C versus P+C: greatest for diarrhea (adavosertib 75%; placebo 37%), vomiting (63%; 27%), anemia (53%; 32%), and all grade ≥3 adverse events (78%; 65%).

Conclusions:

Establishing an optimal strategy for managing tolerability and identifying specific patient populations most likely to benefit from treatment may increase clinical benefit. Future studies should consider additional adavosertib doses within the chemotherapy treatment cycle and the potential for maintenance therapy.
The Gut Microbiota Impact Cancer Etiology through “Phase IV Metabolism” of Xenobiotics and Endobiotics
Authors: Ervin Samantha M. , Redinbo Matthew R.
Published: July 2020

The human gut microbiome intimately complements the human genome and gut microbial factors directly influence health and disease. Here we outline how the gut microbiota uniquely contributes to cancer etiology by processing products of human drug and endobiotic metabolism. We formally propose that the reactions performed by the gut microbiota should be classified as “Phase IV xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism.” Finally, we discuss new data on the control of cancer by the inhibition of gut microbial phase IV enzymes responsible for tumor initiation and progression.
Utility of Human-Derived Models for Glioblastoma
Authors: Luo Xujun , Weiss William A.
Published: July 2020

In this issue, Pine and colleagues compared single-cell RNA-sequencing data across four distinct types of glioblastoma stem cell–derived tumor models, reinforcing the importance of a three-dimensional microenvironment for accurate recapitulation of cellular states.

See related article by Pine et al., p. 964.
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Can Be Used as a Factor for Re-Evaluating First-Relapsed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Liu Yang , Wen Lei , Chen Huan , Chen Yao , Duan Wenbing , Kang Ying , Ma Ling , Huang Xiaojun , Lu Jin
Published: July 2020

Background: Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an adverse prognostic factor for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). However, the role of LDH in the prognosis of MM patients with relapse has not yet been thoroughly explored. Objectives: To explore the prognostic value of LDH in patients with first-relapsed MM. Methods: Data for 112 MM patients who had a first relapse between January 2012 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were classified into two groups based on the level of serum LDH at relapse (≥240 and <240 U/L). Characteristics and outcomes of the two groups were compared. Results: During the first relapse, patients with high LDH levels had higher serum β2-microglobulin (p = 0.001), lower serum albumin (p = 0.006), lower platelet counts (p < 0.001), and a higher percentage of extramedullary relapse (p < 0.001) compared with patients with normal LDH levels. According to multivariate analysis, elevated serum levels of LDH (p = 0.001) and re-ISS stage 2/3 (p = 0.001) in relapsed MM patients were two key prognostic factors for overall survival. Conclusions: A high level of serum LDH at the time of first relapse may be a predictor of poor survival in relapsed MM patients.