bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taste-Odor Association Learning Alters the Dynamics of Intraoral Odor Responses in the Posterior Piriform Cortex of Awake Rats
Authors: Maier Joost X. , Idris Ammar , Christensen Brooke A.
Published: March 2023

How an odor is perceived is to a large extent dependent on the context in which that odor is (or has been) experienced. For example, experiencing an odor in mixture with taste during consumption can instill taste qualities in the percept of that odor (e.g., vanilla, an odor, has a gustatory quality: sweet). How associative features of odors are encoded in the brain remains unknown, but previous work suggests an important role for ongoing interactions between piriform cortex and extraolfactory systems. Here, we tested the hypothesis that piriform cortex dynamically encodes taste associations of odors. Rats were trained to associate one of two odors with saccharin; the other odor remained neutral. Before and after training, we tested preferences for the saccharin-associated odor versus the neutral odor, and recorded spiking responses from ensembles of neurons in posterior piriform cortex (pPC) to intraoral delivery of small drops of the same odor solutions. The results show that animals successfully learned taste-odor associations. At the neural level, single pPC neuron responses to the saccharin-paired odor were selectively altered following conditioning. Altered response patterns appeared after 1 s following stimulus delivery, and successfully discriminated between the two odors. However, firing rate patterns in the late epoch appeared different from firing rates early in the early epoch (<1 s following stimulus delivery). That is, in different response epoch, neurons used different codes to represent the difference between the two odors. The same dynamic coding scheme was observed at the ensemble level.
Single-Trial Dynamics of Competing Reach Plans in the Human Motor Periphery
Authors: Selen Luc P. J. , Corneil Brian D. , Medendorp W. Pieter
Published: March 2023

Contemporary motor control theories propose competition between multiple motor plans before the winning command is executed. While most competitions are completed before movement onset, movements are often initiated before the competition has been resolved. An example of this is saccadic averaging, wherein the eyes land at an intermediate location between two visual targets. Behavioral and neurophysiological signatures of competing motor commands have also been reported for reaching movements, but debate remains about whether such signatures attest to an unresolved competition, arise from averaging across many trials, or reflect a strategy to optimize behavior given task constraints. Here, we recorded EMG activity from an upper limb muscle (m. pectoralis) while 12 (8 female) participants performed an immediate response reach task, freely choosing between one of two identical and suddenly presented visual targets. On each trial, muscle recruitment showed two distinct phases of directionally tuned activity. In the first wave, time-locked ∼100 ms of target presentation, muscle activity was clearly influenced by the nonchosen target, reflecting a competition between reach commands that was biased in favor of the ultimately chosen target. This resulted in an initial movement intermediate between the two targets. In contrast, the second wave, time-locked to voluntary reach onset, was not biased toward the nonchosen target, showing that the competition between targets was resolved. Instead, this wave of activity compensated for the averaging induced by the first wave. Thus, single-trial analysis reveals an evolution in how the nonchosen target differentially influences the first and second wave of muscle activity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTContemporary theories of motor control suggest that multiple motor plans compete for selection before the winning command is executed. Evidence for this is found in intermediate reach movements toward two potential target locations, but recent findings have challenged this notion by arguing that intermediate reaching movements reflect an optimal response strategy. By examining upper limb muscle recruitment during a free-choice reach task, we show early recruitment of a suboptimal averaged motor command to the two targets that subsequently transitions to a single motor command that compensates for the initially averaged motor command. Recording limb muscle activity permits single-trial resolution of the dynamic influence of the nonchosen target through time.
Opioid Receptors Modulate Firing and Synaptic Transmission in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Thalamus
Authors: Hou Guoqiang , Jiang Shaolei , Chen Gaowei , Deng Xiaofei , Li Fengling , Xu Hua , Chen Bo , Zhu Yingjie
Published: March 2023

The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is involved in drug addiction–related behaviors, and morphine is a widely used opioid for the relief of severe pain. Morphine acts via opioid receptors, but the function of opioid receptors in the PVT has not been fully elucidated. Here, we usedin vitroelectrophysiology to study neuronal activity and synaptic transmission in the PVT of male and female mice. Activation of opioid receptors suppresses the firing and inhibitory synaptic transmission of PVT neurons in brain slices. On the other hand, the involvement of opioid modulation is reduced after chronic morphine exposure, probably because of desensitization and internalization of opioid receptors in the PVT. Overall, the opioid system is essential for the modulation of PVT activities.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOpioid receptors modulate the activities and synaptic transmission in the PVT by suppressing the firing rate and inhibitory synaptic inputs. These modulations were largely diminished after chronic morphine exposure.
SIRT3‐dependent delactylation of cyclin E2 prevents hepatocellular carcinoma growth
Authors: Jin Jing , Bai Lin , Wang Dongyao , Ding Wei , Cao Zhuoxian , Yan Peidong , Li Yunjia , Xi Lulu , Wang Yuxin , Zheng Xiaohu , Wei Haiming , Ding Chen , Wang Yi
Published: March 2023

Lysine lactylation (Kla) is a recently discovered histone mark derived from metabolic lactate. The NAD+‐dependent deacetylase SIRT3, which can also catalyze removal of the lactyl moiety from lysine, is expressed at low levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has been suggested to be an HCC tumor suppressor. Here we report that SIRT3 can delactylate non‐histone proteins and suppress HCC development. Using SILAC‐based quantitative proteomics, we identify cyclin E2 (CCNE2) as one of the lactylated substrates of SIRT3 in HCC cells. Furthermore, our crystallographic study elucidates the mechanism of CCNE2 K348la delactylation by SIRT3. Our results further suggest that lactylated CCNE2 promotes HCC cell growth, while SIRT3 activation by Honokiol induces HCC cell apoptosis and prevents HCC outgrowth in vivo by regulating Kla levels of CCNE2. Together, our results establish a physiological function of SIRT3 as a delactylase that is important for suppressing HCC, and our structural data could be useful for the future design of activators.
Macrophage DCLK1 promotes atherosclerosis via binding to IKKβ and inducing inflammatory responses
Authors: Huang Zhuqi , Shen Sirui , Han Xue , Li Weixin , Luo Wu , Lin Liming , Xu Mingjiang , Wang Yi , Huang Weijian , Wu Gaojun , Liang Guang
Published: March 2023

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Doublecortin‐like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a microtubule‐associated protein kinase, is involved in neurogenesis and human cancers. However, the role of DCLK1 in atherosclerosis remains undefined. In this study, we identified upregulated DCLK1 in macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE−/− mice fed an HFD and determined that macrophage‐specific DCLK1 deletion attenuates atherosclerosis by reducing inflammation in mice. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing analysis indicated that DCLK1 mediates oxLDL‐induced inflammation via NF‐κB signaling pathway in primary macrophages. Coimmunoprecipitation followed by LC–MS/MS analysis identified IKKβ as a binding protein of DCLK1. We confirmed that DCLK1 directly interacts with IKKβ and phosphorylates IKKβ at S177/181, thereby facilitating subsequent NF‐κB activation and inflammatory gene expression in macrophages. Finally, a pharmacological inhibitor of DCLK1 prevents atherosclerotic progression and inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings demonstrated that macrophage DCLK1 promotes inflammatory atherosclerosis by binding to IKKβ and activating IKKβ/NF‐κB. This study reports DCLK1 as a new IKKβ regulator in inflammation and a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory atherosclerosis.
PAI-BEL: a Belgian multicentre survey of primary adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Driessens Natacha , Prasai Madhu , Alexopoulou Orsalia , De Block Christophe , Van Caenegem Eva , T’Sjoen Guy , Nobels Frank , Ghys Christophe , Vroonen Laurent , Jonas Corinne , Corvilain Bernard , Maiter Dominique
Published: March 2023

Objective

Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is a rare disease with an increasing prevalence, which may be complicated by life-threatening adrenal crisis (AC). Good quality epidemiological data remain scarce. We performed a Belgian survey to describe the aetiology, clinical characteristics, treatment regimens, comorbidities and frequency of AC in PAI.

Methods

A nationwide multicentre study involving 10 major university hospitals in Belgium collected data from adult patients with known PAI.

Results

Two hundred patients were included in this survey. The median age at diagnosis was 38 years (IQR 25–48) with a higher female prevalence (F/M sex ratio = 1.53). The median disease duration was 13 years (IQR 7–25). Autoimmune disease was the most common aetiology (62.5%) followed by bilateral adrenalectomy (23.5%) and genetic variations (8.5%). The majority (96%) of patients were treated with hydrocortisone at a mean daily dose of 24.5 ± 7.0 mg, whereas 87.5% of patients also received fludrocortisone. About one-third of patients experienced one or more AC over the follow-up period, giving an incidence of 3.2 crises per 100 patient-years. There was no association between the incidence of AC and the maintenance dose of hydrocortisone. As high as 27.5% of patients were hypertensive, 17.5% had diabetes and 17.5% had a diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Conclusion

This study provides the first information on the management of PAI in large clinical centres in Belgium, showing an increased frequency of postsurgical PAI, a nearly normal prevalence of several comorbidities and an overall good quality of care with a low incidence of adrenal crises, compared with data from other registries.
Metabolomics in paraganglioma: applications and perspectives from genetics to therapy
Authors: Richter Susan , Garrett Timothy J , Bechmann Nicole , Clifton-Bligh Roderick J , Ghayee Hans K
Published: March 2023

Metabolites represent the highest layer of biological information. Their diverse chemical nature enables networks of chemical reactions that are critical for maintaining life by providing energy and building blocks. Quantification by targeted and untargeted analytical methods using either mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been applied to pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) with the long-term goal to improve diagnosis and therapy. PPGLs have unique features that provide useful biomarkers and clues for targeted treatments. First, high production rates of catecholamines and metanephrines allow for specific and sensitive detection of the disease in plasma or urine. Secondly, PPGLs are associated with heritable pathogenic variants (PVs) in around 40% of cases, many of which occur in genes encoding enzymes, such as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and fumarate hydratase (FH). These genetic aberrations lead to the overproduction of oncometabolites succinate or fumarate, respectively, and are detectable in tumors and blood. Such metabolic dysregulation can be exploited diagnostically, with the aim to ensure appropriate interpretation of gene variants, especially those with unknown significance, and facilitate early tumor detection through regular patient follow-up. Furthermore, SDHx and FH PV alter cellular pathways, including DNA hypermethylation, hypoxia signaling, redox homeostasis, DNA repair, calcium signaling, kinase cascades, and central carbon metabolism. Pharmacological interventions targeted toward such features have the potential to uncover treatments against metastatic PPGL, around 50% of which are associated with germline PV in SDHx. With the availability of omics technologies for all layers of biological information, personalized diagnostics and treatment is in close reach.
A cell marker‐based clustering strategy (cmCluster) for precise cell type identification of scRNA‐seq data
Authors: Huang Yuwei , Chang Huidan , Chen Xiaoyi , Meng Jiayue , Han Mengyao , Huang Tao , Yuan Liyun , Zhang Guoqing
Published: March 2023

Background

The precise and efficient analysis of single‐cell transcriptome data provides powerful support for studying the diversity of cell functions at the single‐cell level. The most important and challenging steps are cell clustering and recognition of cell populations. While the precision of clustering and annotation are considered separately in most current studies, it is worth attempting to develop an extensive and flexible strategy to balance clustering accuracy and biological explanation comprehensively.

Methods

The cell marker‐based clustering strategy (cmCluster), which is a modified Louvain clustering method, aims to search the optimal clusters through genetic algorithm (GA) and grid search based on the cell type annotation results.

Results

By applying cmCluster on a set of single‐cell transcriptome data, the results showed that it was beneficial for the recognition of cell populations and explanation of biological function even on the occasion of incomplete cell type information or multiple data resources. In addition, cmCluster also produced clear boundaries and appropriate subtypes with potential marker genes. The relevant code is available in GitHub website (huangyuwei301/cmCluster).

Conclusions

We speculate that cmCluster provides researchers effective screening strategies to improve the accuracy of subsequent biological analysis, reduce artificial bias, and facilitate the comparison and analysis of multiple studies.
Computational methods for identifying enhancer‐promoter interactions
Authors: Gong Haiyan , Chen Zhengyuan , Tang Yuxin , Li Minghong , Zhang Sichen , Zhang Xiaotong , Chen Yang
Published: March 2023

Background

As parts of the cis‐regulatory mechanism of the human genome, interactions between distal enhancers and proximal promoters play a crucial role. Enhancers, promoters, and enhancer‐promoter interactions (EPIs) can be detected using many sequencing technologies and computation models. However, a systematic review that summarizes these EPI identification methods and that can help researchers apply and optimize them is still needed.

Results

In this review, we first emphasize the role of EPIs in regulating gene expression and describe a generic framework for predicting enhancer‐promoter interaction. Next, we review prediction methods for enhancers, promoters, loops, and enhancer‐promoter interactions using different data features that have emerged since 2010, and we summarize the websites available for obtaining enhancers, promoters, and enhancer‐promoter interaction datasets. Finally, we review the application of the methods for identifying EPIs in diseases such as cancer.

Conclusions

The advance of computer technology has allowed traditional machine learning, and deep learning methods to be used to predict enhancer, promoter, and EPIs from genetic, genomic, and epigenomic features. In the past decade, models based on deep learning, especially transfer learning, have been proposed for directly predicting enhancer‐promoter interactions from DNA sequences, and these models can reduce the parameter training time required of bioinformatics researchers. We believe this review can provide detailed research frameworks for researchers who are beginning to study enhancers, promoters, and their interactions.
Fire performance of poplar and bamboo curtain veneers treated with fire retardants
Authors: Zhang Tao , Liang Fang , Xiang Hongzhong , Yang Xiaomeng , Hu Wanhe , Mi Bingbing , Liu Zhijia
Published: March 2023

Bamboo curtain and poplar veneers, which are used as decorative building materials, were impregnated using two types of fire retardants (A and B) at atmospheric pressure in order to investigate fire retardancy using a cone calorimeter. When the impregnation time was longer, the fire retardancy was enhanced in the decorative material samples. When poplar veneer was treated by fire retardant A with impregnation times of 8 h, 16 h, and 24 h, the peak of heat rate release (pk-HRR) decreased by 41%, 51%, and 50%; the total heat release (THR) values decreased by 61%, 69%, and 75%; the total suspended particulates (TSP) values decreased by 90%, 82%, and 72%; and mass residues increased by 39%, 41%, and 43%, respectively. Treated bamboo curtain veneer had a lower fire retardancy when compared to poplar veneer. When bamboo curtain impregnation times were 8 h, 16 h, and 24 h, their pk-HRR values decreased by 37%, 45%, and 51%; the THR values decreased by 32%, 39%, and 44%; the TSP values decreased by 69%, 57%, and 78%; and the mass residues increased by 26%, 28%, and 29%, respectively. The results from this research should help to develop bamboo curtain veneer as an indoor decorative material.
Utilization of sweet sorghum bagasse and citric acid in the manufacturing of particleboard. III: Influence of adding sucrose on the properties of particleboard
Authors: Kusumah Sukma S. , Arinana Arinana , Hadi Yusuf S. , Guswenrivo Ikhsan , Yoshimura Tsuyoshi , Umemura Kenji , Tanaka Soichi , Kanayama Kozo
Published: March 2023

Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) and citric acid (CA) were used as sustainable raw materials in the development of environmentally friendly particleboard. Sucrose was added to improve the mechanical and physical properties of the particleboard. The effects of the weight ratio between CA and sucrose on the physical properties of the particleboards were investigated. The mechanical properties of particleboards bonded with adhesives at 15/85 and 10/90 wt.% ratios of CA to sucrose were superior to particleboard with other ratios. The thickness swelling of the particleboard increased with an increasing sucrose ratio. Moreover, the physical properties of the particleboard were comparable to those of particleboard bonded using phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin and satisfied the requirements of the type 18 JIS A 5908 (2003) standard. Also, the brittleness of the particleboard was decreased by adding sucrose. Low formaldehyde emission and biological durability against termites and decay were obtained by particleboard under suitable ratios of CA to sucrose. According to the results from thermal analysis and infrared spectra measurement, reactions leading to ester linkages occurred among the CA, sucrose, and SSB components.
Fabrication of hydrophobic coating on filter paper from self-emulsifying carnauba wax-alcohol emulsions with nano-TiO2 particles for water/diesel separation
Authors: Wang Yating , He Beihai , Zhao Lihong
Published: March 2023

Carnauba wax is a natural material with high hydrophobicity. In this study, molten carnauba wax was stably self-emulsified in ethanol without using additional emulsifiers. Hydrophobic titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were dispersed into carnauba wax-ethanol emulsion to form a composite coating on filter paper. The results showed that immersion in the composite coating that contained wax and hydrophobic TiO2 conveyed to filter paper good hydrophobicity (water contact angle over 140°) and stability against acid or alkali solution. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated the presence of micro bead/flake structures on the surface of filter paper. These obtained filter papers could effectively expel water from a water/diesel mixture. The water content in the water/diesel mixture decreased from 10% to 0.01% through the separation from the filter paper.
Fixed-bed system for adsorption of anionic acid dyes from binary solution onto quaternized kenaf core fiber
Authors: Idan Intidhar Jabir , Abdullah Luqman Chuah , Jamil Siti Nurul Ain Binti Md. , Obaid Maytham Kadhim , Choong Thomas Shean Yaw
Published: March 2023

Water pollution due to the effluents from textile industries causes serious concern around the world. During the coloration process, the excess synthetic dyes are discharged into the wastewater stream. In the present research, kenaf core fiber (KCF) residue was chemically modified with (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) to alter the surface properties and increase the surface area to develop more active sites that capture anionic dyes from aqueous solution. Fixed-bed adsorption studies were conducted to investigate the performance of using quartenized kenaf core fiber (QKCF) as an adsorbent for the removal of anionic acid dyes from a binary system. The effects of operational parameters, including inlet dye concentration, flow rate, and bed height, were studied in a fixed-bed column system, while other process parameters were fixed, i.e. pH and temperature at 7.5 and 27 ºC, respectively. The fixed-bed column performed better with lower influent dye concentration, less flow rate of the influent, and a higher adsorbent bed depth. Overall, the present study showed that QKCF is a potential adsorbent for anionic dye removal from aqueous solutions in a fixed-bed column system.
Design and evaluation of electrocoagulation system for the treatment of effluent from recycled paper production
Authors: Rodríguez-Rosales María D. J. , Betancourt-Frías Aldo E. , Valle-Cervantes Sergio , Bailón-Salas Ana M. , Gonzalez Quiroga Marisol , Ordaz-Díaz Luis A.
Published: March 2023

Effluent found in the pulp and paper industry can cause considerable damage if it is discharged untreated, because of the high biochemical and chemical oxygen demands. Electrocoagulation is a physicochemical process widely used in industrial wastewater treatment. The removal of different pollutants depends on the sample type and operating conditions. The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of an electrocoagulation system for COD removal from recycled paper production effluent via aluminum and iron electrodes. Different operational parameters, such as the electrolysis time (5 min to 15 min), current density (7 A/m2 to 11 A/m2), and distance between each electrode (5 mm to 20 mm), were evaluated. The turbidity, total suspended solids, chlorides, sulfates, and COD had removal efficiencies of 92.7%, 91.3%, 70.4%, 66.6%, and 64%, respectively. A polynomial model was generated to estimate the optimum conditions for COD removal. The optimum times for the current densities 7 A/m2, 8 A/m2, 9 A/m2, 10 A/m2, and 11 A/m2 were 39.5 min, 39.5 min, 35.7 min, 34.1 min, and 32.8 min, respectively, with a 15-mm electrode gap.
Preparation and performance of biomass seedling containers made with straw and cow manure
Authors: Tian Meirong , Gao Jixi , Liang Hui
Published: March 2023

Biomass seedling containers were prepared from agricultural field wastes (i.e., rice straw and corn stalk) and cow manure, mixed with a starch adhesive. Based on the ratio of raw materials, different models of seedling containers were designed and tested. The performance of the seedling containers was characterized by measuring their forming ability in the mold, water absorption, air permeability, density, and various physical and chemical properties. The results showed that the percentage of well-shaped containers formed in the mold could reach as high as 98% when the ratio of rice straw to cow dung was 1:15, and the moisture content of the containers was approximately 15%. As the straw or stalk content increased, the percentage of seedling containers having good shape and compactness decreased, whereas the air permeability and water retention values increased. At the same mixture ratio, rice straw seedling containers were better than corn stalk seedling containers. The nutrient content of the seedling containers was over 10 times that of the soil surrounding the container, which could contribute to the conservation of soil fertility, as well as the seeding and transplanting of species in the process of ecological restoration.
Surface morphology of blended molding pellets made of desert caragana and maize stover
Authors: De Xuehong , Zhang Bowen , Guo Wenbin , Yang Jiawei , Zhang Jianchao , Zhai Xiaomin
Published: March 2023

The surface morphology of biomass pellets can provide data for the contact mechanics fractal model between the molding pellet and hole in biomass molding machines and for predicting wear of the molding hole. In this study, desert caragana (Caragana korshinskii) was mixed with residue from maize production, crushed, and compressed into pellets, which were used to collect data on their circumferential surface roughness profile, density, diameter, and hardness. The results showed that frictional wear occurs during contact between the forming hole and the molding particles, increasing the diameter d0 of the forming hole and the diameter d of the molding particles. The density ρ and hardness HD of the molded pellets decreased as their diameter d increased, and the ρ and HD of caragana were higher in autumn than in summer. The values of the roughness parameters Ra, Rc and Rz of the molded particles increased with their diameter d. The maximum material rate Mr2 value of the roughness’s central profile remained at 86% with the increase of diameter d. Molded particles had surface roughness kurtosis Rku>3 and roughness skew Rsk<0 with the increase of diameter d. The surface of molded particles was spiky and negatively skewed, and with a low number of spikes.
Epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic features of ptosis in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Birhaheka Dany Kabesha , Mukuku Olivier , Kabesha Théophile Barhwamire , Thera Japhet , Tsongo Zacharie Kibendelwa , Wembonyama Stanis Okitotsho
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Ptosis is a fall of the upper eyelid caused by a defect in the levator. The aim of the study was to describe epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic features of ptosis in Bukavu. Methodology: This is a prospective study conducted on 77 patients admitted for ptosis in ophthalmology departments of the Panzi Hospital and the CBM-CELPA Ophthalmological Clinic in Bukavu (Democratic Republic of the Congo) during a period of 3 years, from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2021. Results: The median age at management was 14 years, with a male predominance (57.1%). This was congenital ptosis in 77.9%, and acquired ptosis in 22.1%. Ptosis was major in 24.1%, and moderate in 61.0% of cases. Amblyopia was present in 63.6% of the cases. Resection of the levator muscle of the upper eyelid was the most common surgical technique (56.4%), followed by suspension of the upper eyelid from the frontal muscle (43.6%). Functional and aesthetic results were satisfactory in 17 eyes (30.9%). Among the postoperative complications, we noted the suture thread release (16.4%) and the inflammatory granuloma (12.7%). Conclusion: Ptosis is a pathology encountered in Bukavu. It is unilateral in the majority of cases. Congenital ptosis is the most common form. Surgical treatment gives good results in our context.
Структурно-функціональна модель системи забезпечення інформаційної й інформаційно-психологічної безпеки
Authors: Качинський А.Б.
Published: March 2023

Розглядається структурно-функціональна модель системи забезпечення інформаційної й інформаційно- психологічної безпеки, заснованої на багатоешелонній ієрархічній моделі структури складної системи, запропонованої М. Месаровичем, як сукупності відносно незалежних, взаємодіючих між собою підсистем. При цьому деякі (або всі) підсистеми мають право ухвалення рішень, а їх ієрархічне розташування (багатоешелонна структура) визначається тим, що деякі з підсистем знаходяться під впливом або керуються вищими.
Вільні коливання п’ятикутних пластин з отвором
Authors: Григоренко О.Я. , Борисенко М.Ю. , Бойчук О.В. , Сперкач С.О. , Безугла А.Д.
Published: March 2023

Розглянуто вільні коливання ізотропних п’ятикутних пластин з отвором у центрі з різними варіаціями жорсткого закріплення на краях та отворі на основі двох різних підходів. Поширено метод скінченних елементів до розрахунку частоти та форми вільних коливань пластин вказаного класу. Експериментально визначені частоти і форми вільних коливань п’ятикутної пластини з жорстко закріпленим отвором у центрі. Проведене порівняння результатів двома методами показало хорошу збіжність отриманих частот. Реалізовані підходи дають можливість досліджувати динамічні характеристики пластин інших конфігурацій і можуть бути використані для оцінки точності інших підходів.
Спосіб визначення параметрів реологічної моделі ґрунтового шару за експериментальною кривою повзучості шару
Authors: Кендзера О.В. , Рущицький Я.Я.
Published: March 2023

Розроблено спосіб визначення параметрів стандартної триконстантної реологічної моделі, яку пропонується застосувати до опису сейсмічних хвиль у ґрунтових шарах. Особливість способу полягає в тому, що для визначення трьох реологічних параметрів моделі достатньо мати одну експериментальну криву повзучості ґрунтового шару. Прокоментовано деякі особливості цього способу.
Вплив стеричних факторів на ферментативне розділення 2,3-дигідро-1Н-інденолів з урахуванням ефекту Кошланда
Authors: Присяжнюк Д.В. , Колодяжна А.О. , Колодяжний O.I.
Published: March 2023

Енантіомерно чисті 2,3-дигідро-1H-індендіоли, що містять гідроксильну групу в ароматичному циклі, отримано з високими виходами за допомогою ферментативного кінетичного розділення відповідних рацематів. Оптимізацію процесу дерацемізації було досягнуто підбором біокаталізаторів, ацилювальних реагентів, розчинників, температури, а також введенням стерично об’ємних силільних замісників в ароматичне кільце. Введення об’ємних трет-бутил-диметилсилільних груп в ароматичне кільце призводить до підвищення ефективності дерацемізації та збільшення енантіомерної чистоти продуктів реакції. Для кінетичного розділення було застосовано як ферментативну переетерифікацію, так і ферментативний гідроліз відповідних ацетатів. У результаті отримано дигідроіндендіоли, що мають (S)- та (R)-абсолютну конфігурацію високої енантіомерної чистоти. Після процесу кінетичного розділення енантіомерна чистота продуктів досягала 99 % ее.
Effect of ecoregion and river type on neotropical Chironomidae (Diptera) from humid mountain to semiarid lowland
Authors: Pero Edgardo Javier Ignacio , Torrejón Silvia Elena , Molineri Carlos
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Chironomidae (Diptera) is the most widespread and abundant aquatic insect family in freshwater ecosystems. Chironomids are considered good indicators of water quality but are seldom identified at the genus level in broad spatial scale studies. Objective: To identify environmental conditions associated with chironomids in an altitudinal gradient. Methods: We compared ecoregions, river types, and seasons, for chironomids in neotropical streams and rivers (18 river sites; 2014-2018; Yungas rainforest and Western Chaco dry forest, Argentina). We used non-metric multidimensional scaling, dissimilarity, envfit analysis and rank-abundance curves. Results: Chironomic “assemblages” matched both ecoregions and river types. However, ecoregions presented a better fit with species composition. The stenothermal taxa of Orthocladiinae were dominant at high elevations and the eurythermal Chironominae in lowland rivers. Altitude, water temperature and conductivity were important. Seasonal differences were smaller than ecoregional differences. Conclusions: Ecoregions, altitude, water temperature and conductivity correlated with chironomid communities. Orthocladiinae were dominant at high elevations and Chironominae in lowland rivers.
Defining supply chain resilience during wartime
Authors: Krykavskyy Yevhen , Chornopyska Nataliya , Dovhun Oksana , Hayvanovych Nataliya , Leonova Sofiya
Published: March 2023

Russia's full-scale military invasion of Ukraine led to the occupation of a large part of the territory of Ukraine, active warfare in the East and South parts of Ukraine, activation of military logistics, rapid development of humanitarian logistics. At the same time, non-kinetic warfare, destruction of functional society, attack on the logistics infrastructure and supply chain disruptions are observed. Civil Logistics and Supply Chains acquired the specifics of working in wartime conditions – constant danger, brittle, anxious, nonlinear, incomprehensible. The following two research questions were asked in the paper. First – how was it possible to ensure the functioning of the supply chains, overcoming logistics obstacles. Second – how are the events unfolding and what strategic consequences will the war have for Ukraine's logistics landscape. To answer the first research question, the focus group method was used (the representativeness of which was ensured by top managers of logistics companies). The answer to the second research question was obtained by the method of summarizing and systematizing figures and facts about the events that have a direct impact on the logistics industry of Ukraine, supplemented by the method for graphical visualization of research results – Futures-Wheel. As a result, the highlighted strategies that were used in managing supply chains when facing logistics obstacles caused by war can potentially be useful in other crises. Futures-Wheel presents an overall picture of the impact of war on the logistics landscape of Ukraine as well as a vision of the future
Determining the impact of virtual water scarcity risk on the global food crisis 2022 as a result of hostilities
Authors: Fedulova Svitlana , Zadoia Anatolii , Shkura Iryna , Komirna Vitalina , Savchenko Mykola
Published: March 2023

The object of this study is the process that forms conceptual foundations for managing the impact of virtual water deficiency risks on the global food crisis. The main idea of the study focuses on determining the consequences of the global food crisis in the world under the influence of a significant reduction in virtual water exports from Ukraine to agri-food markets.
It is determined that most likely, in the context of the replacement of Ukrainian exports of grain and agricultural products as a result of Russian aggression in Ukraine, the countries of the world will resort to new ways of obtaining effective imports of virtual water from other countries. The study proved that rapid structural changes in the economies of the countries of the world and the reorientation of their national economies towards the development of the agricultural sector under modern conditions of global uncertainty would inevitably lead to certain consequences. Namely, either to the fall in the growth rate of national economies, or to the state of the "bifurcation explosion" with the subsequent dispersion of possible states of development.
The proposed scientific and methodological approach to assessing the sustainability of the systemic development of the territory over time for water-intensive regions makes it possible to take calculated decisions at the national level regarding the scale and prospects for the development of economic activities in the state.
The described theoretical and methodological foundations of the interdependence of water and food security and the developed fundamental provisions of the economies of countries under the conditions of the global food crisis and the risk of a shortage of virtual water will create the following opportunities. Specifically, they enable state authorities to assess the depth of the specified crisis in the world and its consequences for all countries in 2022–2023. Such an understanding creates the conditions for making effective decisions on the volume of import of virtual water in a particular country
Fashion industry: exploring the stages of digitalization, innovative potential and prospects of transformation into an environmentally sustainable ecosystem
Authors: Hardabkhadze Iryna , Bereznenko Sergey , Kyselova Kateryna , Bilotska Larysa , Vodzinska Oksana
Published: March 2023

The study analyzes the stages and prospects of development the digital fashion industry, taking into account the growing raw material and environmental problems. In the course of analysis change the model of its functioning from linear to cyclic, multidisciplinary problems have been identified that it is advisable to solve based on an ecosystem common digital platform. To identify the essence, stages and role of digitalization in the fashion industry transformation, a content analysis of the digital design tools evolution was carried out, the results of which were compared with a historiographical analysis of fashion industry transformation of a post-industrial society.
As a result, it was found that the readiness of the fashion industry for transformation depends from the stage of digitalization, from the innovative ecological fashion design development and from the presence of motivated coherence actions among all fashion market subjects, as well as from the formation for them a new style of using clothes. In the course of the study, the structure of digital fashion industry innovative potential was determined as a part of the factors of art-aesthetic, technological, sociocultural, economic, environmental and administrative nature.
An approach to managing of the digital fashion industry transformation processes was proposed, based on the balance regulation between processes by redistributing the system total resources to eliminate the "bottleneck" and support the "weak element". Based on the formulated approach, a model of the strategy was proposed for managing the transformation of the fashion industry. The model is based on the decomposition of the main influence factors into relatively independent components, the regrouping of components based on the same nature with the regulation of the balance between these groups by redistributing common resources.
The model is based on the decomposition of the main influence factors into relatively independent components, the regrouping of components based on the same nature with the regulation of the balance between these groups by redistributing common resources
Integrated method for planning waste management based on the material flow analysis and life cycle assessment
Authors: Bendiuh Vladyslav , Markina Liudmyla , Matsai Nataliia , Kyrpychova Iryna , Boichenko Sergii , Priadko Serhii , Shkilniuk Iryna , Komarysta Bohdana , Yermakovych Iryna , Vlasenko Oleh
Published: March 2023

This paper gives a solution to the problem of improving a solid waste management system through the integration of two systemic methodologies: material flow analysis and life cycle assessment. The proposed method serves to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of various waste management measures.
The study was carried out with the detailing of the anaerobic digestion process since it is this recycling technology that plays a key role in reducing the amount of waste along with the production of renewable energy and in reducing the adverse effects on the external environment.
Simulation of changes in waste properties in a certain processing sequence was carried out in order to obtain reliable information for further optimization of the system. The proposed modeling of waste treatment processes based on their constituent equations made it possible to adequately reflect the impact of changes in working conditions on all subsequent output flows.
The analysis of material flows for an enterprise of mechanical and biological treatment of waste is presented and the use of the model in the context of the process of anaerobic digestion of household waste is illustrated. It was found that anaerobic digestion potentially makes it possible to obtain 4.1 Gj of biogas energy from 1 HSW, which corresponds to 460 kWh of electricity and 2060 MJ of heat.
The developed method is based on a combination of analysis of material flows and life cycle assessment. The method acts as a tool for comparing alternative technologies and waste management scenarios. In the future, it can serve to support waste management decisions at both the strategic and operational levels
Procedure for assessing the territorial innovation potential in the context of national economic interests
Authors: Zinchenko Olha , Apalkova Viktoriia , Mylnichenko Serhii , Rudenko Oksana , Prygodiuk Olena
Published: March 2023

Under the conditions of a gradual transition to the knowledge economy, the system of management of innovative development of territories is actualized in the context of the realization of their economic interests, which is the object of this study. The authors of this paper proceed from the fact that sustainable innovative development is possible subject to the activation of the innovative potential of the territory. This work solves the task of a comprehensive assessment of innovation potential from the standpoint of national economic interests.
As a result of the study, a methodology for assessing the innovative potential of the region was proposed from the standpoint of ensuring the development of innovations, promoting the activity of innovation, guaranteeing its effectiveness and safety. The methodology differs from existing ones in that it takes into account such components as "innovative security" and "innovative support" of the territory.
The methodology was verified using the example of economic regions. The influence of innovation potential on such indicators of realization of national economic interests as gross regional product and real disposable incomes of the population was revealed. Thus, the asymptotic significance of the ANOVA test in establishing the link between innovation potential and gross product is 0.005, and between innovation potential and income of the population – 0.00019. This testifies to the constancy of relations and confirms the hypothesis of the possibility to regulate the processes of realization of the national economic interests of the state through the impact on the innovative potential of its territories.
The feature and advantage of the approach is a comprehensive assessment of the innovation potential and the ability to establish not only its condition but also the prospects for further activation. The results of the study can be useful for the system of state and regional management as they justify the directions of innovation policy formation
Assessing risk caused by atmospheric air pollution from motor vehicles to the health of population in urbanized areas
Authors: Mislyuk Olga , Khomenko Elena , Yehorova Oksana , Zhytska Liudmyla
Published: March 2023

The object of this study is a regional center with a developed industry and a significant transport load. The study assesses the impact of car emissions on public health. It is shown that on average in the city, emissions from vehicles are 0.341 mg/m∙s and vary from 0.038 to 1.012 mg/m∙s. The main pollutants are nitrogen dioxide (from 39.3 to 58.5 % of the total emission, the average value is 50.9 %) and carbon monoxide (from 39.5 to 47.7 %, the average value is 38.7 %). There is an excess of the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) by the content of NO2 (1.5‒4.5 MPC with an average value of 2.7 MPC), formaldehyde (4.3‒4.4 MPC ), hydrocarbons (1.2 MPC), soot (1.3 MPC). The level of carcinogenic danger for adults (R=1.9∙10-4) and children (R=3.8∙10-5‒9.8∙10-5) is rated as average. Soot (61.0 %) and formaldehyde (38.9 %) account for the largest contribution. Behind a non-carcinogenic risk, there is a significant danger of increasing morbidity of the population (HI=9.9‒14.0 with an average value of 11.1). Principal pollutants are formaldehyde (37 %), NO2 (23 %), hydrocarbons (17 %). The most vulnerable are the respiratory system (НІ=8.7) and the immune system (НІ=4.3). A significant health hazard is due to low fuel quality, technical and operational characteristics of cars, adverse natural conditions for the dispersion of impurities. The method of interpolation and extrapolation of the results of full-scale observations was used to assess the effect of gaseous and dust components from vehicles on humans. The current study makes it possible to assess the combined impact of pollutants on the risks of disease and premature death of the population, to identify the danger and zoning the territory by the level of danger. The results obtained can be important for making effective management decisions in the field of environmental protection and public health
Reducing the impact of interchannel interference on the efficiency of signal transmission in telecommunication systems of data transmission based on the ofdm signal
Authors: Makarenko Anatoliy , Qasim Nameer , Turovsky Oleksandr , Rudenko Nataliia , Polonskyi Konstiantyn , Govorun Oleg
Published: March 2023

This paper considers the process that forms an interchannel transient interference in the structure of the signal created on the basis of the technology of parallel data transmission and frequency distribution with multiplexing of the phase-modulated signal – the OFDM signal.
Based on the analysis of the OFDM signal structure, it was determined that changes in the position and parameters of the carrier symbol from the composition of this OFDM symbol create an interchannel transient interference.
A list of OFDM signal parameters that can affect the appearance of interchannel interference and the value of its quantitative value was summarized and presented. A model for assessing the impact of interchannel interference on the efficiency of signal transmission in telecommunication data transmission systems based on the OFDM signal has been developed and proposed.
Based on mathematical modeling using this model, the dependence of the quantitative assessment of the magnitude of the interchannel interference on the magnitude of the protective interval for different values of the interchannel value with a different number of signal pre-reception has been established. It is shown that an increase in the value of the interchannel value to 96 subchannels makes it possible to achieve an interchannel transient interference of less than 3 percent with a protective interval of more than 2 ms already with one pre-reception. This is explained by the fact that the increase in the interchannel value makes it possible to reduce the value of the protective interval and minimizes the effect of frequency distortions of the sub-channel of one channel.
The data reported in this work and the recommendations substantiated on their basis confirm the possibility of the proposed model for assessing the value of the interchannel transient interference and justifying the recommendations for reducing its impact on the efficiency of signal transmission in telecommunication data transmission systems based on the OFDM signal.
The proposed evaluation model can find practical application in improving existing and developing new telecommunication data transmission systems based on OFDM technology