bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loss of the Nucleosome-Binding Protein HMGN1 Affects the Rate of N-Nitrosodiethylamine-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Mice
Authors: Postnikov Yuri V. , Furusawa Takashi , Haines Diana C. , Factor Valentina M. , Bustin Michael
Published: December 2013

We report that HMGN1, a nucleosome-binding protein that affects chromatin structure and function, affects the growth of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced liver tumors. Following a single DEN injection at 2 weeks of age, Hmgn1tm1/tm1 mice, lacking the nucleosome-binding domain of HMGN1, had earlier signs of liver tumorigenesis than their Hmgn1+/+ littermates. Detailed gene expression profiling revealed significant differences between DEN-injected and control saline–injected mice, but only minor differences between the injected Hmgn1tm1/tm1 mice and their Hmgn1+/+ littermates. Pathway analysis revealed that the most significant process affected by loss of HMGN1 involves the lipid/sterol metabolic pathway. Our study indicates that in mice, loss of HMGN1 leads to transcription changes that accelerate the progression of DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, without affecting the type of tumors or the final total tumor burden of these mice.

Implications: Loss of HMGN1 leads to accelerated progression of DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Mol Cancer Res; 12(1); 82–90. ©2013 AACR.
Inhibition of PP2A Activity Confers a TRAIL-Sensitive Phenotype during Malignant Transformation
Authors: Yang Hongmei , Chen Xuanyu , Wang Xuegang , Li Yansheng , Chen Shaoyong , Qian Xiaohui , Wang Rong , Chen Li , Han Weiwei , Ruan Anming , Du Quansheng , Olumi Aria F. , Zhang Xiaoping
Published: December 2013

TRAIL is a promising anticancer agent because it induces apoptosis in the majority of human cancer cells but spares the normal cells. To determine the mechanistic nature of how normal cells acquire a TRAIL-sensitive phenotype during the process of malignant transformation, an experimental cell system was developed by sequential introduction of human telomerase reverse transcriptase and SV40 T antigens (large and small) into normal human prostatic epithelial cells (PrEC). This model system demonstrated that inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), either by SV40 small T antigen, okadaic acid, Calyculin A, or PP2A catalytic subunit siRNA, sensitized normal human PrEC and immortalized cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Moreover, sensitization occurred during the premalignant period of tumorigenesis and PP2A exerted its antiapoptotic activity by negatively regulating c-Fos/AP-1. In addition, low-dose okadaic acid treatment sensitized TRAIL-resistant cancer cells to TRAIL, suggesting that PP2A inhibitors could be used as an enhancer of apoptosis induced by TRAIL or TRAIL-like agents. These data indicate that downregulation of PP2A activity is a critical step for normal cells to acquire a TRAIL-sensitive phenotype during tumorigenesis and that the level of PP2A activity may foretell cellular sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis.

Implications: Inhibition of PP2A is a key determinant in acquiring TRAIL sensitivity during tumorigenesis, with c-Fos/AP-1 as an essential mediator. Mol Cancer Res; 12(2); 217–27. ©2013 AACR.
Cognitive Performance before and during Hemodialysis: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial
Authors: Drew David A. , Tighiouart Hocine , Scott Tammy M. , Lou Kristina V. , Shaffi Kamran , Weiner Daniel E. , Sarnak Mark J.
Published: December 2013

Background and Aims: Hemodialysis (HD) patients are educated and counseled during the HD procedure. There are few studies assessing whether cognitive performance varies with dialysis. Methods: Using a randomized cross-over design, 40 patients were assigned to one of two sequences: testing 1 h before dialysis followed 1 month later by testing during the first hour of dialysis (n = 21) versus testing during the first hour of dialysis followed 1 month later by 1 h before dialysis (n = 19). Cognitive tests were administered at each testing period. Mixed regression models evaluated for a dialysis effect (difference between test performance before vs. during dialysis) while adjusting for potential learning (difference between first and second tests). Results: In models accounting for period of testing, there was no difference in test performance between 1 h before versus during the first hour of HD for all administered cognitive tests (p > 0.05). A learning effect was detected between first and second test administration in two tests, specifically, the Word List Learning and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Conclusions: We found no difference in cognitive performance depending on the time of testing, suggesting that cognitive tests performed during the first hour of dialysis are a valid assessment of cognitive performance.
O que é meu é meu, o que é seu é nosso - Questões de/sobre Cidade de Deus
Authors: Costa Keila Prado
Published: December 2013

O romance de Paulo Lins, Cidade de Deus, teve um processo de criação bastante curioso. Suas duas edições tiveram obras de outros autores como ponto de partida - ou mudança - para a escritura. A primeira, tomou a pesquisa e a obra de Alba Zaluar como fonte e inspiração. A segunda, utilizou a obra cinematográfica de Fernando Meirelles como motivo de revisão. Além disso, tanto para a escritura como para a recepção do livro, o crítico literário, Roberto Schwarz, teve um papel de grande importância, o que nos leva a algumas indagações acerca da relação entre literatura e crítica.
Macrophage Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Promotes Atherosclerosis and Nuclear Factor-κB–Mediated Inflammation in Macrophages
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Gary Z. , Rabinovitch Peter S. , Tabas Ira
Published: December 2013

Rationale:

Mitochondrial oxidative stress (mitoOS) has been shown to correlate with the progression of human atherosclerosis. However, definitive cell type–specific causation studies in vivo are lacking, and the molecular mechanisms of potential proatherogenic effects remain to be determined.

Objective:

Our aims were to assess the importance of macrophage mitoOS in atherogenesis and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods and Results:

We first validated Western diet–fed
Ldlr
−/−
mice as a model of human mitoOS–atherosclerosis association by showing that non-nuclear oxidative DNA damage, a marker of mitoOS in lesional macrophages, correlates with aortic root lesion development. To investigate the importance of macrophage mitoOS, we used a genetic engineering strategy in which the OS suppressor catalase was ectopically expressed in mitochondria (mCAT) in macrophages. MitoOS in lesional macrophages was successfully suppressed in these mice, and this led to a significant reduction in aortic root lesional area. The mCAT lesions had less monocyte-derived cells, less Ly6c
hi
monocyte infiltration into lesions, and lower levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1. The decrease in lesional monocyte chemotactic protein-1 was associated with the suppression of other markers of inflammation and with decreased phosphorylation of RelA (NF-κB p65), indicating decreased activation of the proinflammatory NF-κB pathway. Using models of mitoOS in cultured macrophages, we showed that mCAT suppressed monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression by decreasing the activation of the IκB-kinase β–RelA NF-κB pathway.

Conclusions:

MitoOS in lesional macrophages amplifies atherosclerotic lesion development by promoting NF-κB–mediated entry of monocytes and other inflammatory processes. In view of the mitoOS–atherosclerosis link in human atheromata, these findings reveal a potentially new therapeutic target to prevent the progression of atherosclerosis.
Childhood Family Living Arrangements and Blood Pressure in Black Men
Authors: Barrington Debbie S. , Adeyemo Adebowale A. , Rotimi Charles N.
Published: December 2013

Black men have higher blood pressure (BP) levels and consequently higher prevalence of hypertension compared with men from other ethnic groups in the United States. Socio-familial factors in childhood have been found to play an important role in hypertension, but few studies have examined this relationship among black men. We investigated whether childhood family living arrangements are independently associated with mean BP and hypertension in a cross-sectional sample of 515 unrelated black male participants aged ≥20 years enrolled in the Howard University Family Study between 2001 and 2008. Black men who lived with both parents compared with the reference group of men who never lived with both parents during their lifetime had lower systolic BP (−4.4 mm Hg [95% confidence interval {CI}, −7.84 to −0.96]), pulse pressure (−3.9 mm Hg [95% CI, −6.28 to −1.51]), and mean arterial BP (−2.0 mm Hg [95% CI, −4.44 to 0.51]). This protective effect was more pronounced among men who lived with both parents for 1 to 12 years of their lives; they had decreased systolic BP (−6.5 mm Hg [95% CI, −10.99 to −1.95]), pulse pressure (−5.4 mm Hg [95% CI, −8.48 to −2.28]), mean arterial pressure (−3.3 mm Hg [95% CI, −6.56 to 0.00]), and a 46% decreased odds of developing hypertension (odds ratio=0.54; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.99). No statistically significant associations were found for diastolic BP. These results provide preliminary evidence that childhood family structure exerts a long-term influence on BP among black men.
Smooth Muscle Cell Mineralocorticoid Receptors Are Mandatory for Aldosterone–Salt to Induce Vascular Stiffness
Authors: Galmiche Guillaume , Pizard Anne , Gueret Alexandre , El Moghrabi Soumaya , Ouvrard-Pascaud Antoine , Berger Stefan , Challande Pascal , Jaffe Iris Z. , Labat Carlos , Lacolley Patrick , Jaisser Frédéric
Published: December 2013

Arterial stiffness is recognized as a risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases. Aldosterone via its binding to and activation of the mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) is a main regulator of blood pressure by controlling renal sodium reabsorption. Although both clinical and experimental data indicate that MR activation by aldosterone is involved in arterial stiffening, the molecular mechanism is not known. In addition to the kidney, MR is expressed in both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), but the specific contribution of the VSMC MR to aldosterone-induced vascular stiffness remains to be explored. To address this question, we generated a mouse model with conditional inactivation of the MR in VSMC (MR
SMKO
). MR
SMKO
mice show no alteration in renal sodium handling or vascular structure, but they have decreased blood pressure when compared with control littermate mice. In vivo at baseline, large vessels of mutant mice presented with normal elastic properties, whereas carotids displayed a smaller diameter when compared with those of the control group. As expected after aldosterone/salt challenge, the arterial stiffness increased in control mice; however, it remained unchanged in MR
SMKO
mice, without significant modification in vascular collagen/elastin ratio. Instead, we found that the fibronectin/α5-subunit integrin ratio is profoundly altered in MR
SMKO
mice because the induction of α5 expression by aldosterone/salt challenge is prevented in mice lacking VSMC MR. Altogether, our data reveal in the aldosterone/salt hypertension model that MR activation specifically in VSMC leads to the arterial stiffening by modulation of cell-matrix attachment proteins independent of major vascular structural changes.
Temporal Evolution of Cognitive Changes in Incident Hypertension
Authors: Köhler Sebastian , Baars Maria A.E. , Spauwen Peggy , Schievink Syenna , Verhey Frans R.J. , van Boxtel Martin J.P.
Published: December 2013

Midlife hypertension is a risk factor for dementia, but little is known about the cognitive trajectories of individuals with incident hypertension. This study follows the cognitive functioning in prevalent and incident hypertension for 12 years and in relation to age and treatment status. Cognitively intact adults aged 25 to 84 years (n=1805) were serially assessed at baseline, 6 years, and 12 years. Hypertension was defined by sphygmomanometry or antihypertensive medication use, and its association with cognitive decline was tested in random-effects models. At baseline, 638 (35.3%) participants had hypertension. They showed faster decline in memory (χ
2
test for homogeneity=35.75;
df
=2;
P
<0.001), executive functions (χ
2
=21.68;
df
=2;
P
<0.001), and information processing speed (χ
2
=81.96;
df
= 2;
P
<0.001) than baseline normotensive participants. At follow-up, 352 individuals (30.2%) developed incident hypertension. They showed faster decline in memory (χ
2
=7.88;
df
=2;
P
=0.019) and information processing speed (χ
2
= 18.06;
df
=2;
P
<0.001), especially from 6- to 12-year follow-up. Effects were most pronounced and widespread in midlife for both prevalent and incident hypertension and in those with untreated and uncontrolled hypertension. This study shows that incident hypertension predicts cognitive decline in middle-aged individuals, and those with poorly controlled blood pressure are most at risk. In newly diagnosed individuals, decline evolves gradually, possibly opening a window for early intervention.
Mature larva of Stenichnus collaris (Müller & Kunze) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: December 2013

The mature larva of Stenichnus collaris is re-described on the basis of a shed larval skin. This is the first description of an immature Stenichnus identified by rearing to an adult beetle, and not only by collecting the larva in association with adults, as in previously published works. New data on the life history of St. collaris are provided, and possible serial homology of chaetotaxic structures across body segments is discussed. The structures of immature Nearctic St. turbatus, the only Stenichnus larva described with focus on the chaetotaxy, are compared with those of St. collaris and possible homologies are indicated.
Morphological variation and affinities of the poorly known snake Atractus caxiuana (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)
Authors: PASSOS PAULO , RAMOS LUCIANA O. , PINNA PEDRO H. , PRUDENTE ANA L.C.
Published: December 2013

Atractus caxiuana was recently described based on three specimens (two males and one female) from the Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, municipality of Melgaço, state of Pará, in the eastern portion of the Brazilian Amazon. Apart from the type series, no additional samples are known for the species. In this study, we report new specimens of A. caxiuana, providing new morphological data (meristic, morphometric, pholidosis, colour pattern, and hemipenis) and localities. We relate the variability displayed by the characters analyzed to sexual dimorphism, geographic variation, and ontogeny. Additionally, we provide detailed comparisons with A. collaris and putative sister species, and propose a new species group to accommodate this distinct and possible monophyletic assemblage.
Description of a new genus, Chileana (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae), with four new species
Authors: JANŠTA PETR , KŘÍŽKOVÁ BARBORA , VILÍMOVÁ JITKA , RASPLUS JEAN-YVES
Published: December 2013

Chileana Janšta & Křížková gen. nov. and four new species, C. cyanea Janšta & Křížková sp. nov., C. maculata Janšta & Křížková sp. nov., C. tricarinata Janšta & Křížková sp. nov. and C. penai Janšta & Křížková sp. nov., all from Chile, are described. The placement of this new genus within the tribe Monodontomerini is discussed and several characters suggest a close relationship to Zaglyptonotus.
Redescription of three species of Filistatidae (Araneae) described by C.F. Roewer from Afghanistan
Authors: ZONSTEIN SERGEI L. , MARUSIK YURI M. , KOPONEN SEPPO
Published: December 2013

Types of three filistatid species described by Roewer (1960, 1962) from Afghanistan are redescribed and two of them transferred to other filistatid genera. The new combinations proposed are: Zaitunia afghana (Roewer 1962) comb. n. (ex. Filistata Latreille, 1810) and Tricalamus lindbergi (Roewer, 1962) comb. n. (ex. Pritha Lehtinen, 1967). The taxonomic position of Pholcoides afghana Roewer, 1960 is discussed and the species is placed in the filistatid subfamily Prithinae Gray, 1994.
Discovery of the female of Protohermes niger Yang & Yang (Megaloptera: Corydalidae): Sexual dimorphism in coloration of a dobsonfly revealed by molecular evidence
Authors: CHANG WENCHENG , HAYASHI FUMIO , LIU XINGYUE , YANG DING
Published: December 2013

In most species of Megaloptera, adult males and females have similar coloration. In this paper, we associate the adult female of a Chinese endemic dobsonfly species, Protohermes niger Yang & Yang, using molecular evidence from two mitochondrial genes (16S rRNA and COI). The body and wing coloration between the male and the female of P. niger exhibits distinct sexual dimorphism.
Neojilinga, a replacement name for Jilinga Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998 (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)
Authors: ZHANG YU-BO
Published: December 2013

Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt (1998: 127) described the subgenus Jilinga in Hemaris Dalman, 1816 (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae: Macroglossinae: Dilophonotini) with Hemaris staudingeri Leech, 1890 as its type species. The name Jilinga is preoccupied by Ghauri (1974: 51), who described a leafhopper genus Jilinga with type species Deltocephalus darjilingensis Distant, 1918, in the subfamily Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae).  Therefore, Jilinga Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998 is a junior homonym of Jilinga Ghauri, 1974, per the ICZN (1999), and I hereby propose Neojilinga nom. nov. as the replacement name for Jilinga Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998. The new combination for the included species is Hemaris (Neojilinga) staudingeri (Leech, 1890).
Multivariate Probability Density Functions with Dynamics in the GFDL Atmospheric General Circulation Model: Global Tests
Authors: Guo Huan , Golaz Jean-Christophe , Donner Leo J. , Ginoux Paul , Hemler Richard S.
Published: December 2013

A unified turbulence and cloud parameterization based on multivariate probability density functions (PDFs) has been incorporated into the GFDL atmospheric general circulation model (AM3). This PDF-based parameterization not only predicts subgrid variations in vertical velocity, temperature, and total water, which bridge subgrid-scale processes (e.g., aerosol activation and cloud microphysics) and grid-scale dynamic and thermodynamic fields, but also unifies the treatment of planetary boundary layer (PBL), shallow convection, and cloud macrophysics. This parameterization is called the Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals (CLUBB) parameterization. With the incorporation of CLUBB in AM3, coupled with a two-moment cloud microphysical scheme, AM3–CLUBB allows for a more physically based and self-consistent treatment of aerosol activation, cloud micro- and macrophysics, PBL, and shallow convection.

The configuration and performance of AM3–CLUBB are described. Cloud and radiation fields, as well as most basic climate features, are modeled realistically. Relative to AM3, AM3–CLUBB improves the simulation of coastal stratocumulus, a longstanding deficiency in GFDL models, and their seasonal cycle, especially at higher horizontal resolution, but global skill scores deteriorate slightly. Through sensitivity experiments, it is shown that 1) the two-moment cloud microphysics helps relieve the deficiency of coastal stratocumulus, 2) using the CLUBB subgrid cloud water variability in the cloud microphysics has a considerable positive impact on global cloudiness, and 3) the impact of adjusting CLUBB parameters is to improve the overall agreement between model and observations.
Color Conscious, Cultural Blindness
Authors: Welton Anjalé D. , Diem Sarah , Holme Jennifer Jellison
Published: December 2013

Suburban school districts have undergone significant demographic shifts over the past several decades. However, limited research exists that explores how suburban district leaders are responding to such changes, and what factors may shape their responses. To better understand how districts within these communities are responding to suburban diversification, we conducted a qualitative case study of a large and rapidly changing suburban district. We interviewed top-level district administrators, principals, and teachers at three case study schools that were undergoing particularly rapid demographic shifts. We found that instead of directly addressing issues of race in the district, the district’s response was colorblind in design: It was racially conscious of changes in student demographics, but its practices to address these changes were race-neutral. Findings suggest that districts must assert a framework for responding to issues of race in the face of demographic change.
Rapid high temperature loads on dry and moist carbon fibre epoxy composite materials
Authors: Wolfrum J , Dinnebier H , Körwien T
Published: December 2013

Carbon-fibre epoxy panels have been subjected to rapid high temperature loads. The effects of temperature, exposure time and moisture content of the panels have been studied. It could be demonstrated that the combination of high moisture content and rapid heating can lead to excessive damage, such as sudden formation of delaminations up to the development of large bubbles on the panel. While it is well known that matrix and fibre–matrix interface strength generally decrease both with water uptake and temperature increase, a more severe damage mechanism has been observed here. The combination of high moisture content and rapid high temperature loads leads to an internal vapour pressure overload that can cause extensive cracks and delaminations. Subsequently, this permanent damage leads to serious changes in mechanical properties. Whereas heating dry panels to 350℃ for 1 h and testing them at room temperature reduced interlaminar shear strength less than 25%, many of the moist panels were fully destroyed within the first minute of heating.
Evaluation of the sufficiency of pedicled temporoparietal fascial flap on rat head and neck defects: detailed anatomical study
Authors: Kapi Emin , Bozkurt Mehmet , Kuvat Samet Vasfi , Selcuk Caferi Tayyar
Published: December 2013

The temporoparietal flap containing the temporal fascia has a wide spectrum of applications in head and neck surgery. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a temporoparietal fascial flap model that can be used in various head and neck defects in rats. Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250–300 g were used in this study. Temporoparietal fascial flaps were elevated with the axial pedicle from the rats using microsurgical techniques. The arc rotations of the flaps on the pedicles were examined and the dimensions of the defects these flaps could cover were identified. The flaps were observed to be the right size for use with defects of the occipital, temporal and mastoid regions, ear, facial nerve and the mandible. The temporoparietal fascial flap is an experimental flap model, which can be useful in experimental studies related to complex head and neck defects.
Between evangelism and multiculturalism: The dynamics of Protestant Christianity in Indonesia
Authors: Hoon Chang-Yau
Published: December 2013

Christianity has experienced rapid growth in Indonesia, particularly the Evangelical and Pentecostal/Charismatic movements, which find fertile ground among the urban middle class. This phenomenon has given rise to fears of Christianisation among the Muslim majority, who perceive the Christian growth as a moral threat. Tensions between Christians and Muslims have been part and parcel of religious developments in Indonesia. The author addresses the ways in which Protestant churches in Indonesia negotiate between evangelism (to fulfil the ‘Great Commission’) on the one hand, and multiculturalism (peaceful coexistence with difference) on the other. The article will examine how Christians in Indonesia navigate through the multicultural environment of otherness, and how they negotiate plurality within Christianity. By highlighting the diversity and dynamics within Christianity, this article provides a new perspective on Indonesian Christians, beyond the popular Muslim perception of Christians as a monolithic and homogeneous group.
L’implication des missionnaires pentecôtistes dans l’aide au développement en Asie du Sud-Est
Authors: Ware Vicki-Ann , Ware Anthony , Clarke Matthew , Buchanan Grant
Published: December 2013

A noticeable shift has been recently observed in Western-based Pentecostal mission agencies’ activities in mainland Southeast Asia. Where once these organizations avoided a visible priority on social justice as being at odds with their understanding of mission, the funding for and implementation of such programs has increased dramatically for the last two decades. This shift in focus is best understood by considering the motivations for this work and the perceived differences between evangelism and development work. This paper explores the motivations of these agencies for engaging in international development, and in particular the extent to which development programs are seen by these agencies as a strategy for proselytization and the extent to which they are conducted out of other humanitarian motivations. The research is based on a phenomenological literature survey and new interview data exploring development operations of western-based Pentecostal mission organizations in mainland Southeast Asia. Analysis of these data challenges preconceived notions of a distinction between motives of evangelism and humanitarian concern.
Latin-American and Asiatic neo-Protestantisms: A comparative study
Authors: Aubrée Marion
Published: December 2013

Throughout the 20th century, the expansion of North American Pentecostal and neo-evangelical movements was greatest in the traditionally Catholic countries of Latin America. And in the 1960s the first scientific analysis related to the overseas development of this movement was of Brazil, Chile and Argentina. More recently the conversion process has spread into Africa and as far as Asia. The various dynamics perceptible in the Pentecostal movement today in Southeast Asian cultures clearly made it pertinent to undertake a comparison between the Latino-American and Southeast Asian situations by considering, as the author proposes, the various methods and concepts developed over the last seventy years in the study of the neo-evangelical movements.
A Critical Interpretive Synthesis of the Literature Linking Music and Adolescent Mental Health
Authors: McFerran Katrina Skewes , Garrido Sandra , Saarikallio Suvi
Published: December 2013

There is a diverse literature that explores the relationship between youth, music, and mental health, with few attempts at systematic synthesis. This critical interpretive review included 33 studies published between 2000 and 2012 investigating the relationship between music and the mental health of young people, particularly targeting depression. An iterative methodology was used involving several layers of inductive analysis with the intention of generating an organizing framework that critically synthesized the available literature. The organizing framework highlights that decisions related to research design, assessment of health, and the nature of musical engagement have predictably influenced study outcomes. Studies have been limited by the collection of insufficient detail about the full range of individual’s musical behaviors. In addition, there has been inadequate triangulation of health outcomes solicited from a variety of perspectives. More comprehensive research is needed that avoids simplistic dichotomies in relation to music and youth mental health.
The relationship between qualitative job insecurity and OCB: Differences across age groups
Authors: Stynen Dave , Forrier Anneleen , Sels Luc , De Witte Hans
Published: December 2013

Qualitative job insecurity may be associated with less (hindrance effect) and more (challenge effect) organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). This article disentangles both effects by introducing an intermediate variable. The authors test whether basic need satisfaction explains the hindrance effect (i.e. less intrinsically motivated OCB); and whether there is a remaining, direct positive path to OCB reflecting the challenge effect (i.e. more instrumentally motivated OCB). In addition, they investigate whether these relationships vary with age. Multi-group path analysis on a Belgian sample ( N = 3243) of young (18–30 years), prime age (31–49 years) and mature age workers (50 +) reveals that qualitative job insecurity frustrates basic needs across all age groups, but most strongly among mature age workers (i.e. hindrance effect). The authors find a remaining positive path (i.e. challenge effect) that is equally strong across all age groups. In sum, qualitative job insecurity is more hindering than challenging, in particular for older workers.
Community organising in the UK: A ‘new’ approach for trade unions?
Authors: Holgate Jane
Published: December 2013

In recent years a number of UK unions have been considering how to (re)engage with communities in order to rebuild the links that were so important to the origins and development of trade unionism. As such, we have seen parts of the UK union movement investing time and resources into exploring whether community organising can engage new actors and new union members in fighting for workers’ rights and against social injustice more broadly. This article explores the factors behind this ‘new’ turn to community-based organising and outlines the current state of developments in this area; it is based on over 10 years of research into community organising in the UK, working closely with the TUC, affiliate unions and community-based organisations. Findings suggest that the current economic climate and declining power at the point of production, as well as successes by new actors in the employment-relations arena, are driving this current interest and activity in community organising.
Integrative strategy, competitiveness and employment: A case study of the transition at the Swedish truck manufacturing company Scania during the economic downturn in 2008–2010
Authors: Ahlstrand Roland
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this article is to investigate how and why the truck manufacturer Scania adapted to the economic downturn between 2008 and 2010 in the manner it did. First, Scania signed a crisis agreement on fewer working hours and lower wages, and, later, it signed an agreement stipulating fewer working hours, but without wage reductions. Both of these agreements were combined with investments in competence development and education as well as with the decision not to give notice to the employees, which was uncommon among Swedish companies. It is claimed that the company wanted to strengthen the competitiveness by integrating the unions and the employees even more in the business. An important prerequisite was the company’s Flexibility Agreement, which allowed the company not to give temporary employees new contracts and to let temporary employees leave the company as soon as their maximum employment period of six months expired.
Alignment Is a Function of Conversational Dynamics
Authors: Riordan Monica A. , Kreuz Roger J. , Olney Andrew M.
Published: December 2013

Two prominent theories of alignment (priming and grounding) are tested in human–human text-only computer interactions. In two experiments, dyads of strangers and dyads of friends conducted conversations using Instant Messenger. These conversations were either neutral in nature or interlocutors were told to disagree on a particular topic. Conversations were assessed for paralinguistic, linguistic, semantic, affective, and typographical alignment. Results show distinct differences in alignment patterns dependent on conversational dynamics. Grounding theory is supported and discussion includes examining how nonverbal cues are translated into text-only conversation.
Incidence of Acute Postoperative Infections Requiring Reoperation After Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery
Authors: Yeranosian Michael G. , Arshi Armin , Terrell Rodney D. , Wang Jeffrey C. , McAllister David R. , Petrigliano Frank A.
Published: December 2013

Background:

An acute infection after arthroscopic shoulder surgery is a rare but serious complication. Previous studies estimating the incidence of infections after arthroscopic surgery have been conducted, but the majority of these had either relatively small study groups or were not specific to shoulder arthroscopic surgery.

Purpose:

To investigate the incidence of acute infections after arthroscopic shoulder surgery and compare infection rates by age group, sex, geographic region, and specific procedures.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A retrospective review of a large insurance company database was performed for all shoulder arthroscopic surgeries performed in the United States between 2004 and 2009 that required additional surgery for infections within 30 days. The data were stratified by sex, age group, and region. Data were also stratified for specific procedures (capsulorrhaphy, treatment for superior labrum anterior-posterior tears, claviculectomy, decompression, and rotator cuff repair) and used to assess the variation in the incidence of infections across different arthroscopic shoulder procedures. Linear regression was used to determine the significance of differences in the data from year to year. χ2 analysis was used to assess the statistical significance of variations among all groups. Poisson regression analysis with exposure was used to determine significant differences in a pairwise comparison between 2 groups.

Results:

The total number of arthroscopic shoulder surgeries performed was 165,820, and the number of infections requiring additional surgery was 450, resulting in an overall infection rate of 0.27%. The incidence of infections varied significantly across age groups ( P < .001); the infection rate was highest in the ≥60-year age group (0.36%) and lowest in the 10- to 39-year age group (0.18%). The incidence of infections also varied by region ( P < .001); the incidence was highest in the South (0.37%) and lowest in the Midwest (0.11%). The incidence of infection treatments was also significantly different between different arthroscopic procedures ( P < .01) and was highest for rotator cuff repair (0.29%) and lowest for capsulorrhaphy (0.16%). The incidence did not significantly vary by year or sex.

Conclusion:

The overall infection rate for all arthroscopic shoulder procedures was 0.27%. The incidence was highest in elderly patients, in the South, and for rotator cuff repair. The incidence was lowest in young patients, in the Midwest, and for capsulorrhaphy. In general, shoulder arthroscopic surgery in this study population had a low rate of reoperation in the acute period.
Public sector commissioning and the third sector: Old wine in new bottles?
Authors: Rees James
Published: December 2013

Public sector commissioning has risen rapidly to prominence as the central mechanism for the ‘purchase’ of services in an increasingly mixed economy of public services in the UK and this has wide-ranging consequences for non-state actors including those in the third sector. Academic consideration of commissioning has been rather fragmented, concerned with particular service fields or sectors. This paper provides an overview, with a focus on the relationship between the state and the third sector. The paper begins by questioning whether commissioning is really ‘new’ or a continuation of existing trends around procurement and contracting and whether it constitutes a genuinely transformative relationship between the state and third sector. It considers some core debates about the likely impact of commissioning on the third sector and its relationship with the state. In doing so, the paper advances two main arguments: that commissioning remains highly fragmented in policy and practice, between different localities and scales of government; and that there is a tension within commissioning policy between the ‘rhetoric’ of the ‘full cycle’ approach based on needs assessment and planning, and what appears to be an emerging reality of resource-constrained, large-scale and Payment by Results-based contracting. These raise real concerns for organizational and service quality outcomes.
The effect of insert conformity and material on total knee replacement wear
Authors: Abdelgaied Abdellatif , Brockett Claire L , Liu Feng , Jennings Louise M , Jin Zhongmin , Fisher John
Published: December 2013

The mean average life is increasing; therefore, there is a need to increase the lifetime of the prostheses. To fulfil this requirement, new prosthetic designs and materials are being introduced. Two of the design parameters that may affect wear of total knee replacements, and hence the expected lifetime, are the insert conformity and material. Computational models have been used extensively for wear prediction and optimisation of artificial knee designs. The objective of the present study was to use a previously validated non-dimensional wear coefficient-based computational wear model to investigate the effect of insert conformity and material on the predicted wear in total knee replacements. Four different inserts (curved, lipped, partial flat and custom flat), with different conformity levels, were tested against the same femoral and under two different kinematic inputs (intermediate and high), with different levels of cross-shear. The insert bearing materials were either conventional or moderately cross-linked ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Wear predictions were validated against the experimental data from Leeds knee simulation tests. The predicted wear rates for the curved insert (most conformed) were more than three times those for the flat insert (least conformed). In addition, the computationally predicted average volumetric wear rates for moderately cross-linked UHMWPE bearings were less than half of their corresponding conventional UHMWPE bearings. Moreover, the wear of the moderately cross-linked UHMWPE was shown to be less dependent on the degree of cross-shear, compared to conventional UHMWPE. These results along with supporting experimental studies provide insight into the design variables, which may reduce wear in knee replacements.
Investigating the impact of gender and existential anxiety on the willingness to participate in point-of-care testing for cardiovascular disease
Authors: Dunne Simon , Gallagher Pamela , Matthews Anne
Published: December 2013

Two studies ( N = 136) investigated whether or not gender or mortality reminders would impact middle-aged and older adults’ appraisal of a novel point-of-care testing device for cardiovascular disease risk. Middle-aged females were significantly more likely to positively appraise and commit to using the device compared to middle-aged males, but there were no such gender differences among older adults. Both studies also failed to support hypotheses that existential concerns would lead to avoidance of the device. When taken together, the findings suggest that similar devices may beneficially affect screening behaviours and underscore a need to target middle-aged males for cardiovascular screening interventions.
The Mature Athlete’s Shoulder
Authors: Tokish John M.
Published: December 2013

Context:

The mature athlete’s shoulder remains a challenging clinical condition to manage. A normal natural history of the shoulder includes stiffness, rotator cuff tears, and osteoarthritis, all of which can become increasingly more symptomatic as an athlete ages.

Evidence Acquisition:

PubMed (1978-2013).

Study Design:

Clinical review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3-4.

Results:

Rotator cuff pathology increases with age and activity level. Partial tears rarely heal, and debridement of significant partial tears results in poorer outcomes than those of repair. Repair of partial-thickness tears can be accomplished with completion and subsequent repair or in situ repair. The most successful result for treatment of osteoarthritis in the shoulder remains total shoulder arthroplasty, with more than 80% survival at 20 years and high rates of return to sport. Caution should be taken in patients younger than 60 years, as they show much worse results with this treatment. Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder can be successfully treated with nonoperative management in 90% of cases.

Conclusion:

Mature athletes tend to have rotator cuff pathology, osteoarthritis, and stiffness, which may limit their participation in athletic events. Age is a significant consideration, even within the “mature athlete” population, as patients younger than 50 years should be approached differently than those older than 65 years with regard to treatment regimens and postoperative restriction.
“Crevasse” Lesions
Authors: Philippon Marc J. , Goljan Peter , Devitt Brian M. , Peixoto Lourenço P.
Published: December 2013

Objective:

The purpose of this article is to report on a distinctive pattern of linear femoral head chondral lesions that were observed in 7 patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for the treatment of mixed-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).

Design:

Between 2010 and 2012, 702 patients were treated with hip arthroscopy at our institution for symptomatic FAI. Among those patients, 7 were found to have a unique vertical chondral fissure located on the posterior femoral head. A retrospective review of the preoperative history, physical examination, and radiographic findings in addition to the intraoperative findings and surgical procedures performed was carried out for each patient.

Results:

All patients were diagnosed with mixed-type FAI by dynamic examination intraoperatively. The femoral head cartilage lesions were noted to be both linear and deep and resembled the appearance of a crevasse. Three of the 7 patients in whom these lesions were identified reported an acute event preceding their pain. Of the other 4 patients, 3 were involved in sports that involved vigorous rotational hip movements: golf, tennis, and wrestling. Notably, none of these lesions were identifiable on preoperative 3-T MRI scans.

Conclusions:

This series reports on a previously undefined femoral head cartilage lesion. It is hypothesized that increased pathologic translational movements and perching of the femoral head on the posterior rim of the acetabulum create this pattern of chondral damage. Recognition of this pattern of damage on the femoral head is important in the setting of mixed-type FAI.
Knowledge, skills and attitude of evidence-based medicine among obstetrics and gynaecology trainees: a questionnaire survey
Authors: Jeve Yadava Bapurao , Doshani Angi , Singhal Tanu , Konje Justin
Published: December 2013

Objectives

To determine current evidence-based medicine skills and practice among trainees.

Design

Questionnaire study.

Setting

Electronic survey was sent to all obstetrics and gynaecology trainees in East Midlands South Deanery, and responses collected were anonymous.

Participants

All obstetrics and gynaecology trainees in East Midland South Deanery.

Main outcome measures

Self-reported attitude, skills and knowledge in various components of evidence-based medicine.

Results

69 trainees were included in the study of which 35 responded. Among all respondents, almost 72% of trainees use non-evidence-based methods to find answers for their clinical questions, whereas only 18% use appropriate evidence-based medicine practice for such queries. Just 35% of trainees have minimum skills of literature searching. Most of the trainees struggle to understand various components of evidence-based medicine. Nearly 80% of trainees do not have formal education or training with regard to evidence-based medicine.

Conclusions

This study highlights the inadequacy of evidence-based medicine skills among trainees and urges that evidence-based medicine be incorporated in formal training along with specialty study modules.
Lead-users in marketing: Questions and new psychometric contributions
Authors: Vernette Eric , Béji-Bécheur Amina , Gollety Mathilde , Hamdi-Kidar Linda
Published: December 2013

Lead-users play a significant role in new product development; consequently it is a major challenge for companies that want to innovate to identify them. Although several lead-user scales exist in the literature, none is completely efficient. A new measure therefore deserves to be developed. Its validity is proved on many product categories, through three different studies. The first is devoted to developing the lead-user’s scale. The second sets up the scale’s construct validity and norms the scale on a representative sample of the French population for three food products. We point out that lead-user and opinion-leader are two different concepts, although some people can combine the two statuses and thus be both lead-user and opinion-leader. Lead-user refers to a specific product category. Based on a new representative sample, the third study confirms the scale’s nomological validity for a new product category: lead-user is positively related to co-creation competencies and to engagement in video games co-creation.
Sponsor memorization: The influence of sponsorship congruence re-examined from an encoding flexibility perspective
Authors: Trendel Olivier , Warlop Luk
Published: December 2013

Most prior studies obtained that a congruent sponsorship leads to higher sponsor awareness. The experiment conducted here shows that a brand is better identified following an incongruent sponsorship. Moreover, when the opportunity to process the sponsorship is low, the competitors of incongruent sponsors are also harder to identify.
Gainful Activity and Intimate Partner Aggression in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Alvira-Hammond Marta , Longmore Monica A. , Manning Wendy D. , Giordano Peggy C.
Published: December 2013

Although intimate partner aggression crosses social class boundaries, education and employment are important predictors. Yet given that emerging adulthood is a transitional period, completed education and employment, as single measures, are not ideal indicators of socioeconomic status for young people. We examined associations between self-reports of gainful activity, defined as enrollment in school or full-time employment, and intimate partner aggression among young adults in dating, cohabiting, or married relationships ( N = 648). Both men and women’s participation in gainful activity was negatively associated with aggression. We found that when neither partner was gainfully active, individuals reported higher frequency of physical aggression. In cases of gainful activity asymmetry, the gender of the gainfully active partner did not predict intimate partner aggression. Additionally, we found no evidence that the association between gainful activity and frequency of intimate partner aggression differed by union type.
A systematic analysis of global anemia burden from 1990 to 2010
Authors: Kassebaum Nicholas J. , Jasrasaria Rashmi , Naghavi Mohsen , Wulf Sarah K. , Johns Nicole , Lozano Rafael , Regan Mathilda , Weatherall David , Chou David P. , Eisele Thomas P. , Flaxman Seth R. , Pullan Rachel L. , Brooker Simon J. , Murray Christopher J. L.
Published: December 2013

Key Points

Anemia accounted for 8.8% of the total disability from all conditions in 2010. Children <5 years and women still have the highest burden. Although iron-deficiency anemia is the most common etiology globally, other leading causes of anemia vary widely by geography, age, and sex.
Suboptimal dosing of rituximab in male and female patients with DLBCL
Authors: Pfreundschuh Michael , Müller Carsten , Zeynalova Samira , Kuhnt Evelyn , Wiesen Martin H. J. , Held Gerhard , Rixecker Tanja , Poeschel Viola , Zwick Carsten , Reiser Marcel , Schmitz Norbert , Murawski Niels
Published: December 2013

Key Points

Elderly females have a better outcome than elderly males and a more favorable rituximab pharmacokinetics than all other patients with DLBCL. Prospective trials aiming at optimizing rituximab dose and schedule are warranted in all DLBCL patients.