bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling mortality with Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) method
Authors: Wu Yuanqi , Chen Andrew , Xu Yanbin , Pan Guangming , Zhu Wenjun
Published: December 2024

As the global population continues to age, effective management of longevity risk becomes increasingly critical for various stakeholders. Accurate mortality forecasting serves as a cornerstone for addressing this challenge. This study proposes to leverage Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) to enhance mortality rate predictions. By extending the traditional Lee-Carter model with KPCA, we capture nonlinear patterns and complex relationships in mortality data. The newly proposed KPCA Lee-Carter algorithm is empirically tested and demonstrates superior forecasting performance. Furthermore, the model’s robustness was tested during the COVID-19 pandemic, showing that the KPCA Lee-Carter algorithm effectively captures increased uncertainty during extreme events while maintaining narrower prediction intervals. This makes it a valuable tool for mortality forecasting and risk management. Our findings contribute to the growing body of literature where actuarial science intersects with statistical learning, offering practical solutions to the challenges posed by an aging world population.
Efficacy and safety of minocycline in retinitis pigmentosa: a prospective, open-label, single-arm trial
Authors: Chen Yuxi , Pan Yuan , Xie Yanyan , Shi Yuxun , Lu Yao , Xia Yiwen , Su Wenru , Chen Xiaoqing , Li Zuoyi , Wang Minzhen , Miao Siyu , Yang Yating , Jin Chenjin , Luo Guangwei , Long Shixian , Xiao Hui , Huang Chuangxin , Zhang Jian , Liang Dan
Published: December 2024

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is characterized by progressive photoreceptor cells death accelerated by the proliferation and activation of microglia pathologically. No consensus exists on the treatment. Minocycline is recognized as a microglia inhibitor with great anti-inflammatory and neuro-protective functions. However, efficacy of minocycline in RP patients is lacking. We conducted a prospective, open-label, and single-arm trial, in which daily oral minocycline of 100 mg was administered for 12 months in RP patients with light-adapted 30 Hz flicker electroretinography (ERG) amplitude >0 µV in at least one eye (NCT04068207). The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with improvement in the ERG amplitude at month 12. The secondary outcomes included improvements of the following items: other ERGs amplitudes, visual field, best-corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color vision, and NEI-VFQ-25. 35 of 288 patients met inclusive criteria were enrolled (median [IQR] age, 36 [31–45] years; 17 female [48.6%]). 32 participants completed all examinations, while 3 participants completed the 12-month online visit via conducting NEI-VFQ-25. The primary outcome showed improvement was 34.3% (12 of 35 [95% CI 19.1–52.2]). Similarly, all secondary outcomes showed improvements. Adverse events were reported in 22 participants (62.9%) and were all resolved without extra medication during the study period. No severe adverse events were recorded. Our findings identified daily oral minocycline of 100 mg for 12 months was beneficial in improving the visual function of RP patients with good safety. This study indicates minocycline may be a promising therapy for RP, but a randomized controlled trial is still needed of further exploration.
Cross-talk of inflammation and cellular senescence: a new insight into the occurrence and progression of osteoarthritis
Authors: Han Zeyu , Wang Ketao , Ding Shenglong , Zhang Mingzhu
Published: December 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) poses a significant challenge in orthopedics. Inflammatory pathways are regarded as central mechanisms in the onset and progression of OA. Growing evidence suggests that senescence acts as a mediator in inflammation-induced OA. Given the lack of effective treatments for OA, there is an urgent need for a clearer understanding of its pathogenesis. In this review, we systematically summarize the cross-talk between cellular senescence and inflammation in OA. We begin by focusing on the mechanisms and hallmarks of cellular senescence, summarizing evidence that supports the relationship between cellular senescence and inflammation. We then discuss the mechanisms of interaction between cellular senescence and inflammation, including senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP) and the effects of pro- and anti-inflammatory interventions on cellular senescence. Additionally, we focus on various types of cellular senescence in OA, including senescence in cartilage, subchondral bone, synovium, infrapatellar fat pad, stem cells, and immune cells, elucidating their mechanisms and impacts on OA. Finally, we highlight the potential of therapies targeting senescent cells in OA as a strategy for promoting cartilage regeneration.
TPM4 condensates glycolytic enzymes and facilitates actin reorganization under hyperosmotic stress
Authors: Yang Wenzhong , Wang Yuan , Liu Geyao , Wang Yan , Wu Congying
Published: December 2024

Actin homeostasis is fundamental for cell structure and consumes a large portion of cellular ATP. It has been documented in the literature that certain glycolytic enzymes can interact with actin, indicating an intricate interplay between the cytoskeleton and cellular metabolism. Here we report that hyperosmotic stress triggers actin severing and subsequent phase separation of the actin-binding protein tropomyosin 4 (TPM4). TPM4 condensates recruit glycolytic enzymes such as HK2, PFKM, and PKM2, while wetting actin filaments. Notably, the condensates of TPM4 and glycolytic enzymes are enriched of NADH and ATP, suggestive of their functional importance in cell metabolism. At cellular level, actin filament assembly is enhanced upon hyperosmotic stress and TPM4 condensation, while depletion of TPM4 impairs osmolarity-induced actin reorganization. At tissue level, colocalized condensates of TPM4 and glycolytic enzymes are observed in renal tissues subjected to hyperosmotic stress. Together, our findings suggest that stress-induced actin perturbation may act on TPM4 to organize glycolytic hubs that tether energy production to cytoskeletal reorganization.
A multiscale model of immune surveillance in micrometastases gives insights on cancer patient digital twins
Authors: L. Rocha Heber , Aguilar Boris , Getz Michael , Shmulevich Ilya , Macklin Paul
Published: December 2024

Metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with cancer, driving considerable scientific and clinical interest in immunosurveillance of micrometastases. We investigated this process by creating a multiscale mathematical model to study the interactions between the immune system and the progression of micrometastases in general epithelial tissue. We analyzed the parameter space of the model using high-throughput computing resources to generate over 100,000 virtual patient trajectories. We demonstrated that the model could recapitulate a wide variety of virtual patient trajectories, including uncontrolled growth, partial response, and complete immune response to tumor growth. We classified the virtual patients and identified key patient parameters with the greatest effect on the simulated immunosurveillance. We highlight the lessons derived from this analysis and their impact on the nascent field of cancer patient digital twins (CPDTs). While CPDTs could enable clinicians to systematically dissect the complexity of cancer in each individual patient and inform treatment choices, our work shows that key challenges remain before we can reach this vision. In particular, we show that there remain considerable uncertainties in immune responses, unreliable patient stratification, and unpredictable personalized treatment. Nonetheless, we also show that in spite of these challenges, patient-specific models suggest strategies to increase control of clinically undetectable micrometastases even without complete parameter certainty.
The “Naturalistic Free Recall” dataset: four stories, hundreds of participants, and high-fidelity transcriptions
Authors: Raccah Omri , Chen Phoebe , Gureckis Todd M. , Poeppel David , Vo Vy A.
Published: December 2024

The “Naturalistic Free Recall” dataset provides transcribed verbal recollections of four spoken narratives collected from 229 participants. Each participant listened to two stories, varying in duration from approximately 8 to 13 minutes, recorded by different speakers. Subsequently, participants were tasked with verbally recalling the narrative content in as much detail as possible and in the correct order. The dataset includes high-fidelity, time-stamped text transcripts of both the original narratives and participants’ recollections. To validate the dataset, we apply a previously published automated method to score memory performance for narrative content. Using this approach, we extend effects traditionally observed in classic list-learning paradigms. The analysis of narrative contents and its verbal recollection presents unique challenges compared to controlled list-learning experiments. To facilitate the use of these rich data by the community, we offer an overview of recent computational methods that can be used to annotate and evaluate key properties of narratives and their recollections. Using advancements in machine learning and natural language processing, these methods can help the community understand the role of event structure, discourse properties, prediction error, high-level semantic features (e.g., idioms, humor), and more. All experimental materials, code, and data are publicly available to facilitate new advances in understanding human memory.
Cell-free plasma telomere length correlated with the risk of cardiovascular events using machine learning classifiers
Authors: Dai Mengjun , Li Kangbo , Sacirovic Mesud , Zemmrich Claudia , Ritter Oliver , Bramlage Peter , Persson Anja Bondke , Buschmann Eva , Buschmann Ivo , Hillmeister Philipp
Published: December 2024

This retrospective study explored the association between circulating cell-free plasma telomere length (cf-TL) and coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF). Data from 518 participants were collected, including clinical and laboratory data. cf-TL was measured in plasma samples and machine learning (ML) classification models were developed to differentiate between CAD, HF and control conditions. Our results showed that cf-TL was significantly prolonged in HF patients compared to controls, but no significant difference was observed between CAD patients and controls. Additionally, cf-TL was significantly correlated with nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD), suggesting a potential link with endothelial function. To avoid data leakage and ensure the model captured only relationships relevant to the research question, we utilized a temporal data split, holding out the last year’s data for testing (n = 81) and using the remaining data for training (n = 324) and validation (n = 109). The ML models using four variables achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.795 in the validation dataset and 0.717 in the test dataset for CAD classification, and 0.829 in the validation dataset and 0.806 in the test dataset for HF classification. SHAP analysis revealed that cf-TL had minimal impact on the predictions of the CAD model, as indicated by consistently low SHAP values, whereas in the HF model, cf-TL exhibited a broader range of SHAP values, indicating a greater contribution to the model’s classification. These findings suggest that cf-TL may play a more prominent role in HF pathophysiology and could serve as a valuable biomarker for predicting HF risk. Further studies are warranted to explore cf-TL’s diagnostic and prognostic potential across different cardiovascular diseases.
Online disinhibition mediates the relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and uncivil communication
Authors: Syrjämäki Aleksi H. , Ilves Mirja , Olsson Thomas , Kiskola Joel , Isokoski Poika , Rantasila Anna , Bente Gary , Surakka Veikko
Published: December 2024

Uncivil online communication is a widely problematized cultural by-product of computer-mediated communication that, however, remains theoretically underexplained. While previous research shows that personal tendency for uncivil communication is partially influenced by individuals’ personality and empathy skills, the factors of inter-individual variation remain largely unknown. The present study examined individuals’ emotion regulation skills as a possible predictor of uncivil communication. Online survey respondents (N = 215) reported if they had engaged in uncivil communication and filled in scales measuring emotion regulation difficulties, use of different emotion regulation strategies, and various individual traits. The results show that emotion regulation difficulties were associated with high levels of online disinhibition. This, in turn, was associated with reports of uncivil communication. The mediation effect was observed even when controlling for personality and empathy. The results suggest that individuals’ emotion regulation difficulties may be an underlying psychological factor behind harmful online communication. These findings call for research and development of means to support emotion regulation in online interactions.
Electrochemical lithium extraction from hectorite ore
Authors: Haddad Andrew Z. , Cha Hyungyeon , McDonough Liam , Dun Chaochao , Pohlman Garrett , Urban Jeffrey J. , Kostecki Robert
Published: December 2024

Electrochemical technologies add a unique dimension for ore refinement, representing tunable methods that can integrate with renewable energy sources and existing downstream process flows. However, the development of electrochemical extraction technologies has been impeded by the technological maturity of hydro- and pyro-metallurgy, as well as the electrical insulating properties of many metal oxide ores. The fabrication and use of carbon/insulating material composite electrodes has been a longstanding method to enable electrochemical activation. Here, using real hectorite ore, we employ this technical approach to fabricate hectorite-carbon black composite electrodes (HCCEs) and achieve electrochemical activation of hectorite. Anodic polarization results in lithium-ion release through a multi-step chemical and electrochemical mechanism that results in 50.7 ± 4.4% removal of lithium from HCCE, alongside other alkaline ions. This technical proof-of-concept study underscores that electrochemical activation of ores can facilitate lattice deterioration and ion removal from ores.
A metal–phenolic nanotuner induces cancer pyroptosis for sono-immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Guohao , Wang Dongmei , Tian Huimin , Xia Lu , Shen Dongyan , Wang Zhanxiang , Dai Yunlu
Published: December 2024

A nanocoordinator (HTA) combining Aza and TiO2 induces pyroptosis by restoring GSDME expression and generating ROS under ultrasound. This strategy enhances anti-tumor immunity and boosts sonodynamic therapy efficacy in breast cancer.
A chemigenetic indicator based on a synthetic chelator and a green fluorescent protein for imaging of intracellular sodium ions
Authors: Takeuchi Shiori , Imai Shosei , Terai Takuya , Campbell Robert E.
Published: December 2024

We report the development of a chemigenetic fluorescent sodium ion indicator with an affinity optimized for imaging physiologically relevant sodium ion concentrations in mammalian cells.
PFAS surveillance within a highly militarized island: a case study of Okinawa, Japan
Authors: Camacho Camden G. , Costa Kaylie Anne , McMahon Shannon , Jolly Jeffrey , Ravasi Timothy , Aufmuth Joe , Bowden John A.
Published: December 2024

Comprehensive monitoring of 31 PFAS on a highly militarized island. ∑PFAS measured for 15 individual PFAS analogues. Varying PFAS fingerprints found at different geographical locations on the island.
Harnessing Janus structures: enhanced internal electric fields in C3N5 for improved H2 photocatalysis
Authors: Yuan Jianwei , Li Su , Dang Zhaofei , Liu Sixia , Yang Fu , Wang Dongguang , Tao Hengcong , Gao Shuying , Ang Edison Huixiang
Published: December 2024

Janus-C3N5 with a unique homojunction structure enhances electron transfer and light harvesting, achieving 1712.4 μmol h−1 g−1 H2 evolution.
Topological regulation in polysilsesquioxanes for achieving super-hard and flexible membranes: insights from molecular simulation
Authors: Xu Peng , Sun Yuxin , Yang Song , Chen Guangxin , Qu Jiali , Li Qifang , Zhou Zheng
Published: December 2024

Precisely controlling the molecular framework significantly enhances the hardness of polysiloxane to a record 1.56 GPa, offering a novel strategy for developing polymer coatings with exceptional hardness and high flexibility.
Mechanochemical synthesis of rock salt-type Na2CaSnS4 as a sodium-ion conductor
Authors: Ben Yahia Hamdi , Sakuda Atsushi , Hayashi Akitoshi
Published: December 2024

The crystallographic data of the A2+M2+SnS4 compounds were reviewed. This enabled us to design and synthesize the new rock salt-type compound Na2CaSnS4, which was evaluated as a possible solid electrolyte for all-solid state sodium ion batteries.
The spatial and electronic effects of polypyrrole between MnO2 layers enhance the diffusion ability of Zn2+ ions
Authors: Li Le , Jia Shaofeng , Shi Yue , Yang Yuanyuan , Tan Chao , Wang Conghui , Qiu Hengwei , Ji Yongqiang , Cao Minghui , Zhang Dan
Published: December 2024

PPy played a classic key role in MnO2, which was beneficial for expanding the interlayer spacing and inhibiting structural collapse. Meanwhile, the PPy hindered the charge transfer and weakened the electrostatic interaction between Zn2+ and MnO2.
Exploration of functional group effects on D2/H2 separation selectivity within the UiO-66 framework
Authors: Li Xiufang , Tan Yanxi , Ju Zhanfeng , Wang Wenjing , Yuan Daqiang
Published: December 2024

The incorporation of functional groups into UiO-66 enables effective modulation of the material's pore size and polarity, thus facilitating precise control over its performance in hydrogen isotope separation.
A pillararene-based supramolecular polymer hydrogel for removal of organic dyes from water
Authors: Ma Jiaxin , Gong Shanhao , Cheng Yujie , Cao Wei , Wei Xuehong , Wang Pi , Xia Danyu
Published: December 2024

A pillararene-based supramolecular polymer hydrogel was facilely prepared and used as an adsorbent with high efficiency, excellent selectivity and recyclability to remove organic dyes from water.
Rhodium(i)-catalyzed dearomative cycloisomerization of 1H-indole N-tethered o-alkynylphenyl nitrones and application to spirocyclic pyrido[1,2-a]indole synthesis
Authors: Shang Dandan , Lin Tianyu , Shen Yili , Zhang Yongsheng , Chan Philip Wai Hong , Rao Weidong
Published: December 2024

A Rh(i)-catalyzed method to prepare indoline-fused polycyclic tropanes from 1H-indole N-tethered o-alkynylphenyl nitrone cycloisomerization and their Ce(iv)-mediated dealkylative spirocyclization is described.
A reversibly photoresponsive halogen bonding receptor as a photoswitchable catalyst for an anion abstraction reaction and cationic polymerization
Authors: Jin Qi , Hai Yu , Liu Li-Juan , Zhan Tian-Guang , Zhang Kang-Da
Published: December 2024

An azobenzene-derived photoresponsive halogen bonding receptor shows photoswitchable halide anion binding behavior, and this feature further enables photocontrolled XB-mediated catalysis of an anion abstraction reaction and cationic polymerization.
Enhanced H2 recovery by coupling the water–gas shift reaction with in situ CO2 capture and mineralization using earth abundant Ca- and Mg-silicates and hydroxides
Authors: Gao Xun , Prasad Divya , Mahadik Mahadeo A. , Gadikota Greeshma
Published: December 2024

Decarbonization of clean energy carriers such as H2 by integrating multiphase chemical pathways with inherent carbon mineralization is a thermodynamically downhill approach designed for a sustainable energy and environmental future.
MXene-based solvent-responsive actuators with a polymer-intercalated gradient structure
Authors: Di Andi , Wang Chenlu , Wang Yanlei , He Hongyan , Deng Wentao , Stiernet Pierre , Bergström Lennart , Yuan Jiayin , Zhang Miao
Published: December 2024

Solvent vapor-responsive Ti3C2Tx-based actuators with a gradient microstructure in their composite active layer are prepared. The actuation behavior is understood by wide angle scattering, density functional theory and molecular dynamics.
Sub-m-benziporphyrin: a subcarbaporphyrinoid and its BIII complex with an unprecedented planar tridentate 14π-aromatic network
Authors: Liu Le , Song Shuangji , Lee Jiyeon , Rao Yutao , Xu Ling , Zhou Mingbo , Yin Bangshao , Oh Juwon , Kim Jiwon , Osuka Atsuhiro , Song Jianxin
Published: December 2024

Sub-m-benziporphyrins, nonaromatic and aromatic BIII complexes were synthesized.
Designing a visible light-mediated double photoswitch: a combination of biradical and azobenzene structural motifs that can be switched independently
Authors: Pilopp Yannic , Beer Henrik , Bresien Jonas , Michalik Dirk , Villinger Alexander , Schulz Axel
Published: December 2024

Visible light of different wavelengths can trigger either constitutional (biradical/housane) or stereo isomerisation (E/Z-azobenzene) in the new double photoswitch.
Corrosion stability of NASICON-based membranes against aqueous solutions: case study for sodium iodine batteries
Authors: Dück Gerald , Schäfer Frank , Gross Jürgen Peter , Ray Subham , Allam Tarek , Holzapfel Michael , Schwaiger Ruth , Finsterbusch Martin , Fattakhova-Rohlfing Dina
Published: December 2024

NaSICON materials are promising membranes for aqueous medium-temperature sodium-iodine batteries after optimization of their corrosion stability.
The synergistic effect of MOF and biomass achieving dual breakthroughs in material structure and performance
Authors: Li Ran , Wang Xian , Lin Chengwei , Zhang Xinxiang , Yuan Zhanhui
Published: December 2024

In order to cope with the environmental crisis and the depletion of non-renewable resources, the combination of metal–organic framework (MOF) and biomass materials has become an important breakthrough in sustainable materials science.
A high power metal-supported protonic ceramic fuel cell using increased proton conductivity in the cathode functional layer of La1−xSrxScO3 (LSSc, x = 0.1–0.25)
Authors: Kim Hyo-Young , Watanabe Motonori , Song Jun Tae , Inada Miki , Ishihara Tatsumi
Published: December 2024

Metal-supported protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) with LSSc layers achieve enhanced proton conductivity and improved power density.
High performing and sustainable hard carbons for Na-ion batteries through acid-catalysed hydrothermal carbonisation of vine shoots
Authors: Alvira Darío , Antorán Daniel , Darjazi Hamideh , Elia Giuseppe Antonio , Gerbaldi Claudio , Sebastian Victor , Manyà Joan J.
Published: December 2024

Acid-assisted hydrothermal carbonisation of vine shoots, followed by annealing, yields tailored hard carbon anodes for Na-ion batteries. Diglyme-based electrolytes improved capacity, efficiency, and stability, showcasing sustainable energy solutions.
Surface modification of copper oxide nanosheets with CeO2 for enhanced CO2 reduction to C2H4
Authors: Yang Shuaibing , Sun Fanfei , Cao Rong , Cao Minna
Published: December 2024

Surface modification with CeO2 nanoparticles to stabilize the oxidation state of OD-Cu during the reduction process promotes the synergistic effect of Cu0 and Cu+ in the CO2RR process and improves the selectivity for C2H4.
Precision targeting of fat metabolism in triple negative breast cancer with a biotinylated copolymer
Authors: Ruidas Bhuban , Choudhury Neha , Chaudhury Sutapa Som , Sur Tapas Kumar , Bhowmick Shovonlal , Saha Achintya , Das Pritha , De Priyadarsi , Das Mukhopadhyay Chitrangada
Published: December 2024

Mitochondrial CPT1-mediated fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) critically contributes to the accelerated metastatic expansion of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).
Assessing the processes behind planet engulfment and its imprints
Authors: Soares B. M. T. B. , Adibekyan V. , Mordasini C. , Deal M. , Sousa S. G. , Delgado-Mena E. , Santos N. C. , Dorn C.
Published: December 2024

Context. Newly formed stars are surrounded by a protoplanetary disc composed of gas and dust, part of which ends up forming planets. During the system’s evolution, some of the planetary material may end up falling into the host star and being engulfed by it, leading to potential variation in the stellar composition.

Aims. The present study explores how planet engulfment may impact the chemical composition of the stellar surface and discusses what the rate of events with an observable imprint would be for Sun-like stars.

Methods. We used data on the formation and evolution of 1000 planetary systems from the New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS) calculations by the Generation III Bern model to analyse the conditions under which planet engulfment may occur. Additionally, we used stellar models computed with Cesam2k20 (Code d’Evolution Stellaire Adaptatif et Modulaire) to account for how the stellar internal structure and its processes may affect the dilution of the signal caused by planet engulfment.

Results. Our results show that there are three different phases associated with different mechanisms under which engulfment events may happen. Moreover, systems that undergo planet engulfment are more likely to come from protoplanetary discs that are more massive and more metal-rich than non-engulfing systems. Engulfment events leading to an observable signal happen after the dissipation of the protoplanetary disc when the convective envelope of the stars becomes thinner. With the stellar convective layer shrinking as the star evolves in the main sequence, they display a higher variation of chemical composition. This variation also correlates with the amount of engulfed material. By accounting for the physical processes happening in the stellar interior and in the optimistic case of being able to detect variations above 0.02 dex in the stellar composition, we find an engulfment rate no higher than 20% for Sun-like stars that may reveal detectable traces of planet engulfment.

Conclusions. Engulfment events that lead to observable variation in the stellar composition are rare due to the specific conditions required to result in such signatures.
A new look at disk winds and external photoevaporation in the σ-Orionis cluster
Authors: Maucó K. , Manara C. F. , Bayo A. , Hernández J. , Campbell-White J. , Calvet N. , Ballabio G. , Aru M. L. , Alcalá J. M. , Ansdell M. , Briceño C. , Facchini S. , Haworth T. J. , McClure M. , Williams J. P.
Published: December 2024

Context. Disk winds play a crucial role in the evolution of protoplanetary disks. Typical conditions for star and planet formation are in regions with intermediate or strong UV radiation fields produced by massive stars. In these environments, internally or externally driven winds can occur. The σ-Orionis cluster is the ideal site to study disk winds under these conditions; its outer parts, exposed only to mild UV fields, can be used to study disk evolution, while its innermost regions can be used to study the effect of external irradiation.

Aims. Our goal is to study disk winds in the σ-Orionis cluster by looking at the properties of optical forbidden lines, and comparing them with other star-forming regions at different ages, to search for potential signatures of disk evolution and external photoevaporation.

Methods. We analyzed the [OI] λ6300, [NII] λ6583, and [SII] λ6731,λ6716 lines using high-resolution MIKE spectra for a sample of 27 classical T Tauri stars and complemented by intermediate-resolution X-shooter data. We decomposed the line profiles into multiple Gaussian components. We calculated luminosities, line ratios, and kinematic properties of these components.

Results. We find that the [OI] λ6300 line luminosity and kinematic properties for our σ-Orionis sample are similar to those found in low-mass star-forming regions. The frequency of single-component [OI] λ6300 line profiles reflects the expected evolutionary stage given the intermediate age of σ-Orionis (~3–5 Myr). This points to internal processes contributing to the line emission. However, the highly irradiated disks in the cluster do not follow the accretion luminosity-[OI] λ6300line luminosity relation found in low-mass star-forming regions, and all exhibit single-component line profiles. Line ratios of highly ionized species of [NII] and [SII] show higher ratios than typical values found in sources in low-mass star-forming regions. These are interpreted as signatures of external photoevaporation.

Conclusions. We show the potential of using multiple forbidden emission lines to study both internally and externally driven disk winds. In the case of σ-Orionis, the innermost regions are clearly affected by external irradiation, as evidenced by the lack of correlation in the accretion-[OI] luminosity relation. The broad line widths of close-in sources, however, indicate a possible contribution from internal processes, such as magnetohydrodynamical winds and/or internal photoevaporation. This suggests a coevolution of internal and external winds in the σ-Orionis disks, while pointing toward a new way to disentangle these processes.
The clinical and functional outcomes of closed reduction and arthroscopic McLaughlin procedure in patients with neglected locked posterior shoulder dislocation
Authors: Ebied Wessam Fakhery , Younis Ahmed Saeed , Hemida Mohamed Amr , Khater Ahmed H. , Haroun Yahia
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Posterior shoulder dislocation with a reverse Hill-Sachs lesion is a rare and complex injury, requiring specialized treatment due to the difficulty in diagnosis, reduction, and addressing both sides of the pathology to reduce the potential for recurrent dislocation. Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of closed reduction and arthroscopic McLaughlin procedure with posterior labral repair in patients with neglected locked posterior shoulder dislocation for less than 12 weeks. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at university hospitals, managing 15 patients with neglected locked posterior shoulder dislocation for less than 12 weeks and concomitant engaging reverse Hill-Sachs lesions of less than 40% of the humeral articular surface. They were treated with closed reduction and arthroscopic McLaughlin procedure with posterior labral repair. Patients’ assessments included shoulder range of motion, pain levels using the visual analog scale (VAS) score, and functional outcome using the Oxford instability score and the University of California Los Angeles Shoulder Scale (UCLA) with at least 2 years of postoperative follow-up. Results: All 15 patients reported no recurrent dislocation and restored shoulder motion at the final follow-up. External rotation significantly improved from 0° to a mean of 65° in adduction, at 90° of abduction, the respective measurement was 85° (p < 0.01). Active forward flexion increased from 35° to 145° (p < 0.01). UCLA and Oxford instability scores Showed marked improvement (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Closed reduction and arthroscopic McLaughlin procedure with posterior labral repair is a safe and effective way for managing patients with locked neglected posterior shoulder dislocations that have been neglected for less than 12 weeks with engaging reverse Hill-Sachs lesion defect, less than 40% of the humeral head.
Die Mistel in der Tumortherapie – eine
Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Scheer Rainer
Published: December 2024

Die Anwendung der Mistel in der Tumortherapie geht auf Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925)
und Ita Wegman (1876–1943) zurück. Heutzutage ist die Mistel eine der am besten
untersuchten Arzneipflanzen. Mistelpräparate gehören zu den bekanntesten und
meistverwendeten Arzneimitteln in der komplementären Onkologie in Deutschland.
Für diese Anwendung sind in Deutschland Mistelpräparate von 5 Herstellern
zugelassen. Patienten1 können in allen Phasen einer Krebserkrankung
von der Misteltherapie profitieren. Ihre Anwendung erfolgt individuell und
zumeist ergänzend im Rahmen eines integrativen onkologischen Therapiekonzepts,
bestätigt durch vielfältige therapeutische Erfahrung sowie zahlreiche
präklinische und klinische Studien. Ziele einer Misteltherapie sind die
Unterstützung konventioneller Therapien sowie deren Verträglichkeit, die
Tumorkontrolle, Stärkung des Gesamtorganismus und Verbesserung der
Lebensqualität.

Ausgehend von der Stellung der Mistel in der Onkologie gibt die vorliegende
Bestandsaufnahme einen Überblick beginnend mit den in Deutschland zur Verfügung
stehenden Mistelpräparaten, Grundzügen ihrer Herstellung und Anwendung, ihren
Wirkungen bis hin zur klinischen Forschung und ihren Resultaten. Seit geraumer
Zeit ist die gesamte Onkologie in einem starken Wandel begriffen, innerhalb
dessen sich die Misteltherapie weiterentwickelt. Grundlagen- und
Anwendungsforschung in allen hier angesprochenen Bereichen sind in Arbeit. Auf
diese Weise wird die Misteltherapie auch in Zukunft ihren Platz und Beitrag in
der onkologischen Therapie zum Wohle der Patienten haben.
Leitlinie der Gesellschaft für Thrombose- und Hämostaseforschung (GTH) zur Struktur- und Prozessqualität von Hämophilie-Zentren
Authors: Eichler H. , Albisetti M. , Halimeh S. , Knöfler R. , Königs C. , Langer F. , Miesbach W. , Oldenburg J. , Scholz U. , Streif W. , Klamroth R.
Published: December 2024

Since the 1970s, specialized hemophilia centers have been established to optimize the complex and costly treatment of patients with severe bleeding disorders. In 2019, the first GTH guidelines on the structural and process quality of hemophilia centers were published. On this basis, a procedure for the certification of hemophilia centers has been established under the technical leadership of the GTH. These GTH guidelines are essentially based on the European Guidelines for the Certification of Haemophilia Centers published in 2013, created by the European Haemophilia Network (EUHANET). In 2023, this European guideline was revised by the EAHAD Accreditation and Audit of Haemophilia Centers Working Group. On this background, the GTH guidelines have now been revised to take relevant updates to the European guidelines into account.
Den richtigen Appetit wecken!
Authors: März Henrike
Published: December 2024

Etwa 20 % der Geschmacksvorlieben sind genetisch bedingt, der Rest wird geprägt. Dabei spielen die Familie und das häusliche Leben, welches das Kind umgibt, eine entscheidende Rolle. Für das Wachstum und die Entwicklung von Kindern sind bestimmte Makro- und Mikronährstoffe wie etwa Eiweiße, Omega-3-Fettsäuren, Kalzium und Eisen wichtig. Unter diesem Aspekt sollten vegane Ernährungsweisen kritisch betrachtet werden. Mit Hagebutten, Nüssen und Hafer kommen Kinder immunstark durch den Winter. Generell gilt es, eine natürliche Kost in eine naturverbundene Lebensweise zu integrieren, um Kindern eine gute Basis für ein gesundes Leben zu schaffen.
Zehn Jahre Maritime-Medizin-Verordnung
Authors: Ewen Annelie , Bubenzer Christian
Published: December 2024

Vor 10 Jahren trat die Maritime-Medizin-Verordnung (MariMedV) in Kraft. Das Bundesverkehrsministerium stellte damit die maritime Medizin in Deutschland neu auf. Die Regelungen haben sich in der Praxis bewährt.
„Mia denkt zu viel nach“
Authors: Vanheiden Manuela
Published: December 2024

Schlafstörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter wirken sich deutlich auf die Entwicklung und Familiensituation aus und müssen in jedem Einzelfall gemeinsam mit den Eltern evaluiert und bearbeitet werden. Ein zentrales Mittel der Hypnosetherapie ist ein imaginärer Spaziergang in die innere Welt zum inneren Ich und anderen möglichen Mitspielern, mit denen gemeinsam Hindernisse und erlebte Gefahren aufgelöst und Bindungen geknüpft werden. In den drei vorgestellten Fällen – mit den Kernthemen Einschlafstörung, Nachtschreck und Schlafen im Elternbett – lösten sich schwere Schlafstörungen nach zwei bis fünf Hypnosesitzungen auf, wodurch sich die familiäre und emotionale Situation deutlich entspannte.
Real-time teleoperation of magnetic force-driven microrobots with a motion model and stable haptic force feedback for micromanipulation
Authors: Duygu Yasin Cagatay , Xie Baijun , Zhang Xiao , Kim Min Jun , Park Chung Hyuk
Published: December 2024

Microrobots powered by an external magnetic field could be used for sophisticated medical applications such as cell treatment, micromanipulation, and noninvasive surgery inside the body. Untethered microrobot applications can benefit from haptic technology and telecommunication, enabling telemedical micro-manipulation. Users can manipulate the microrobots with haptic feedback by interacting with the robot operating system remotely in such applications. Artificially created haptic forces based on wirelessly transmitted data and model-based guidance can aid human operators with haptic sensations while manipulating microrobots. The system presented here includes a haptic device and a magnetic tweezer system linked together using a network-based teleoperation method with motion models in fluids. The magnetic microrobots can be controlled remotely, and the haptic interactions with the remote environment can be felt in real time. A time-domain passivity controller is applied to overcome network delay and ensure stability of communication. This study develops and tests a motion model for microrobots and evaluates two image-based 3D tracking algorithms to improve tracking accuracy in various Newtonian fluids. Additionally, it demonstrates that microrobots can group together to transport multiple larger objects, move through microfluidic channels for detailed tasks, and use a novel method for disassembly, greatly expanding their range of use in microscale operations. Remote medical treatment in multiple locations, remote delivery of medication without the need for physical penetration of the skin, and remotely controlled cell manipulations are some of the possible uses of the proposed technology.
Opportunities and challenges involving repulsive Casimir forces in nanotechnology
Authors: Shelden C. , Spreng B. , Munday J. N.
Published: December 2024

The Casimir force, which arises from quantum electrodynamic fluctuations, manifests as an attraction between metallic surfaces spaced mere hundreds of nanometers apart. As contemporary device architectures scale down to the nano- and microscales, quantum phenomena exert increasing influence on their behaviors. Nano- and microelectromechanical systems frequently encounter issues such as components adhering or collapsing due to the typically attractive Casimir interactions. Consequently, significant efforts have been devoted to manipulating Casimir forces, aiming to transition them from attractive to repulsive. This ability holds promise for mitigating component collapse in nanodevices and facilitating the realization of quantum levitation and ultralow friction devices. Four primary strategies have been proposed for engineering repulsive Casimir forces: employing liquid media, magnetic materials, thermodynamic nonequilibrium conditions, and specialized geometries. In this review, we examine these approaches for engineering repulsive Casimir forces, analyzing their experimental feasibility, and discussing potential implementations.
Purity benchmarking study of error coherence in a superconducting qubit
Authors: Zhu Auda , Béjanin Jérémy H. , Xu Xicheng , Mariantoni Matteo
Published: December 2024

In this study, we employ purity benchmarking (PB) to explore the dynamics of gate noise in a superconducting qubit system. Over 1110 h of observations on an Xmon qubit, we simultaneously measure the coherence noise budget across two different operational frequencies. We find that incoherent errors, which predominate in overall error rates, exhibit minimal frequency dependence, suggesting that they are primarily due to wideband, diffusive incoherent error sources. In contrast, coherent errors, although less prevalent, show significant sensitivity to operational frequency variations and telegraphic noise. We hypothesize that this sensitivity is due to interactions with a single strongly coupled environmental defect—modeled as a two-level system—which influences qubit control parameters and causes coherent calibration errors. Our results also demonstrate that PB offers improved sensitivity, capturing additional dynamics that conventional relaxation time measurements cannot detect, thus presenting a more comprehensive method for capturing dynamic interactions within quantum systems. The intricate nature of these coherence dynamics underscores the need for further research.
Emerging materials for resistive switching memories: Prospects for enhanced sustainability and performance for targeted applications
Authors: Loizos Michalis , Rogdakis Konstantinos , Parambil Ashitha Paingott , Lira-Cantu Monica , Kymakis Emmanuel
Published: December 2024

Resistive switching (RS) memories are novel devices that have attracted significant attention recently in view of their potential integration in deep neural networks for intense big data processing within the explosive artificial intelligence era. While oxide- or silicon-based memristive devices have been thoroughly studied and analyzed, there are alternative material technologies compatible with lower manufacturing cost and less environmental impact exhibiting RS characteristics, thus providing a versatile platform for specific in-memory computing and neuromorphic applications where sustainability is a priority. The manufacturing of these emerging RS technologies is based on solution-processed methods at low temperatures onto flexible substrates, and in some cases, the RS active layer is composed of natural, environmentally friendly materials replacing expensive deposition methods and critical raw and toxic materials. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of recent developments in the field of solution-processed and sustainable RS devices by providing insights into their fundamental properties and switching mechanisms, categorizing key figures of merit while showcasing representative use cases of applications of each material technology. The challenges and limitations of these materials for practical applications are analyzed along with suggestions to resolve these pending issues.
Reproductive mechanisms, pathologies, and health inclusivity: insights from the 2023 Annual Meeting of the Society for Reproductive Biology
Authors: Houston Brendan J. , Chan Hon Y. , Clark Zaramasina , Swegen Aleona , Wooldridge Amy L. , Green Ella S.
Published: December 2024

In 2023, the Society for Reproductive Biology met in Brisbane to deliver its largest scientific program to date. Herein, we detail key areas of notable discovery across the reproductive biology and fertility landscapes, as well as pressing areas that require further research. Specifically, we focus on five key themes: the cellular basis of reproduction; environmental impacts on reproduction; inclusivity in reproductive health; reproductive cancers; and evolution of reproduction mechanisms. Highlights included the utility of organism models, such as using fruit flies to model human genetic disease, and the development of new blastocyst models; the impact of elevated temperature and endocrine-disrupting chemicals on the germline, sex organ development, and fertility in mammals; how we can improve the inclusivity of transgender and Pacific Rainbow+ people in reproductive health; novel insights in reproductive cancer pathogenesis and inhibitor treatments; and the evolution of the sex chromosomes and sex determination across animals. The breadth of topics covered underscores the far-reaching impacts of reproduction and its related processes across life, health, and wellbeing, as well as for food production and the economy.
Intricate ribosome composition and translational reprogramming in epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Morin Chloé , Baudin-Baillieu Agnès , Van Long Flora Nguyen , Isaac Caroline , Bidou Laure , Arbes Hugo , François Pauline , Pommier Roxane M. , Adrait Annie , Saku Akari , Gran-Ruaz Stephanie , Machkouri Camélia , Vanbelle Christophe , Morichon Romain , Boissan Mathieu , Catez Frédéric , Ferrari Anthony , Morel Anne-Pierre , Couté Yohann , Chat Sophie , Giudice Emmanuel , Gillet Reynald , Puisieux Alain , Moyret-Lalle Caroline , Diaz Jean-Jacques , Namy Olivier , Marcel Virginie
Published: December 2024

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) involves profound changes in cell morphology, driven by transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming. However, evidence suggests that translation and ribosome composition also play key roles in establishing pathophysiological phenotypes. Using genome-wide analyses, we reported significant rearrangement of the translational landscape and machinery during EMT. Specifically, a cell line overexpressing the EMT transcription factor ZEB1 displayed alterations in translational reprogramming and fidelity. Furthermore, using riboproteomics, we unveiled an increased level of the ribosomal protein RPL36A in mesenchymal ribosomes, indicating precise tuning of ribosome composition. Remarkably, RPL36A overexpression alone was sufficient to trigger the acquisition of mesenchymal features, including a switch in the molecular pattern, cell morphology, and behavior, demonstrating its pivotal role in EMT. These findings underline the importance of translational reprogramming and fine-tuning of ribosome composition in EMT.
Single-molecule diffusivity quantification in
Xenopus
egg extracts elucidates physicochemical properties of the cytoplasm
Authors: Choi Alexander A. , Zhou Coral Y. , Tabo Ayana , Heald Rebecca , Xu Ke
Published: December 2024

The living cell creates a unique internal molecular environment that is challenging to characterize. By combining single-molecule displacement/diffusivity mapping (SM
d
M) with physiologically active extracts prepared from
Xenopus laevis
eggs, we sought to elucidate molecular properties of the cytoplasm. Quantification of the diffusion coefficients of 15 diverse proteins in extract showed that, compared to in water, negatively charged proteins diffused ~50% slower, while diffusion of positively charged proteins was reduced by ~80 to 90%. Adding increasing concentrations of salt progressively alleviated the suppressed diffusion observed for positively charged proteins, signifying electrostatic interactions within a predominately negatively charged macromolecular environment. To investigate the contribution of RNA, an abundant, negatively charged component of cytoplasm, extracts were treated with ribonuclease, which resulted in low diffusivity domains indicative of aggregation, likely due to the liberation of positively charged RNA-binding proteins such as ribosomal proteins, since this effect could be mimicked by adding positively charged polypeptides. Interestingly, in extracts prepared under typical conditions that inhibit actin polymerization, negatively charged proteins of different sizes showed similar diffusivity suppression consistent with our separately measured 2.22-fold higher viscosity of extract over water. Restoring or enhancing actin polymerization progressively suppressed the diffusion of larger proteins, recapitulating behaviors observed in cells. Together, these results indicate that molecular interactions in the crowded cell are defined by an overwhelmingly negatively charged macromolecular environment containing cytoskeletal networks.
Old and Middle English adverbs of degree in their wider West Germanic context
Authors: Visser Lourens
Published: December 2024

Research on adverbs of degree in Old and Middle English has been largely self-contained and has paid little
attention to developments that were happening in the neighbouring West Germanic languages. While research on these other languages
is less extensive, “Middle” Germanic has been identified as a period of convergence for the usage of adverbs of degree (Visser 2023). The present study analyses the usage patterns of seven adverbs in both Old
and Middle English using data from different corpora: swīðe/swīthe, ful, miċle/muchel,
sāre/sǭre, ġearwe/yāre, fela/fę̄le, and
hearde/harde. It is found that their development differs strikingly from their Continental
West Germanic counterparts, and they appear to preserve more primary usage patterns.