bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CCT3/ACTN4/TFRC axis protects hepatocellular carcinoma cells from ferroptosis by inhibiting iron endocytosis
Authors: Zhu Huihui , Liu Qiuhong , Meng Qinna , Zhang Lingjian , Ju Siwei , Lang Jiaheng , Zhu Danhua , Chen Yongxia , Aishan Nadire , Ouyang Xiaoxi , Zhang Sainan , Jin Lidan , Xiao Lanlan , Wang Linbo , Li Lanjuan , Ji Feiyang
Published: August 2024

Sorafenib is widely used in treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its effectiveness in prolonging patient survival is limited by the development of drug resistance. To systematically investigate the resistance mechanisms of Sorafenib, an integrative analysis combining posttranslational modification (PTM) omics and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout library screening was conducted. This analysis identified ubiquitination at lysine 21 (K21) on chaperonin-containing TCP1 subunit 3 (CCT3) as being associated with Sorafenib resistance. Transcriptomic data from HCC patients treated with Sorafenib revealed that CCT3 expression was lower in responders compared to non-responders. Experimentally, inhibiting the expression of CCT3 sensitized HCC cells to Sorafenib and enhanced Sorafenib-induced ferroptosis. Additionally, CCT3 was found to interact with ACTN4, hindering the recycling of transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFRC) to the cell membrane, thus obstructing iron endocytosis. Mechanistically, the inhibition of ferroptosis by CCT3 depends on the deubiquitination of K6-linked non-degradative ubiquitination at its K21, which occurs upon Sorafenib treatment. Moreover, CCT3 knockdown enhanced the anti-tumor effects of Sorafenib in nude mice. In summary, we have identified a novel function of the chaperone protein. Targeting the CCT3/ACTN4/TFRC axis offers a promising strategy to enhance ferroptosis and overcome Sorafenib resistance in HCC.
Policy Brief – Survivorship is cancer survivorship the poor cousin of cancer control within the EBCP?
Authors: Mbengi Régine Kiasuwa , Schittecatte Gabrielle , Theys Sofie
Published: August 2024

Background

There is an increasing number of cancer survivors, including children, adolescents, young adults, individuals of working age, and the elderly, within the Belgian and European population. Yet, survivorship care and rehabilitation are often treated as an afterthought in care organisation. This not only directly affects the quality of life of survivors and carers, but also puts the sustainability of the healthcare and social security systems at risk.

Methods

We analysed the ongoing Europe Beating Cancer Plan (EBCP) to identify the actions supporting survivorship (care) developments, then compared their weight in the EBCP to the other domains of cancer control. Following this analysis, and comparison with related ongoing projects, and current infrastructure in Belgium, several unmet needs were identified.

Conclusion

To better address these unmet needs, we recommend that Belgium incorporates survivorship care and long-term follow-up in clinical guidelines and care pathways, and considers including indicators related to cancer survivorship in the planning and design of quality insurance schemes, including certification of comprehensive cancer centres. Furthermore, we suggest further investment and support for research and knowledge exchange in the field of survivorship.
Nurses’ contribution to antimicrobial stewardship: business as usual?
Authors: Bos Maria , de Bot Cindy , Vermeulen Hester , Hulscher Marlies , Schouten Jeroen
Published: August 2024

Background

Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS), the set of actions to ensure appropriate antimicrobial use, is increasingly considered a multidisciplinary endeavour. However, it is unclear how Dutch hospital-based nurses envision their contribution to AMS.

Objective

To explore the views and visions of Dutch bedside nurses on their role regarding appropriate antimicrobial use.

Methods

A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted. Fourteen bedside nurses in nine different Dutch hospitals participated. Data were analysed using a thematic content analysis.

Results

Nurses considered their role regarding appropriate use of antibiotics as an integral part of their daily nursing practice. They envisioned their future role as an expansion of their current practice, improving or intensifying this contribution. Prompting review of antimicrobial treatment by nurses was seen as regular practice. Ward rounds were considered the best moment to exert their nursing role, by showing leadership in communicating about different aspects of AMS. Patient advocacy (“striving for the best possible care for their patient”) appears to be a driver of the nursing contribution. Nurses perceived a shared responsibility with prescribers on certain aspects of the antimicrobial treatment and wished for a clarification of this role. Education and cognitive reminders such as antibiotic checklist to be used in ward rounds, can support the uptake of the nurses’ role.

Conclusion

Nurses envision their future role in AMS as an enhanced, elaborated and empowered version of their current daily practice. Education, formal acknowledgment and increased awareness of the nursing role, may advance the contributing role nurses already have.
Automated subway touch button detection using image process
Authors: An Junfeng , Lu Mengmeng , Li Gang , Liu Jiqiang , Wang Chongqing
Published: August 2024

Subway button detection is paramount for passenger safety, yet the occurrence of inadvertent touches poses operational threats. Camera-based detection is indispensable for identifying touch occurrences, ascertaining person identity, and implementing scientific measures. Existing methods suffer from inaccuracies due to the small size of buttons, complex environments, and challenges such as occlusion. We present YOLOv8-DETR-P2-DCNv2-Dynamic-NWD-DA, which enhances occlusion awareness, reduces redundant annotations, and improves contextual feature extraction. The model integrates the RTDETRDecoder, P2 small target detection layer, DCNv2-Dynamic algorithm, and the NWD loss function for multiscale feature extraction. Dataset augmentation and the GAN algorithm refine the model, aligning feature distributions and enhancing precision by 6.5%, 5%, and 5.8% in precision, recall, and mAP50, respectively. These advancements denote significant improvements in key performance indicators.
Comparison between imidacloprid effects on AChE and nAChRα1 in target Aphis craccivora and non-target Apis mellifera: experimental and theoretical approaches
Authors: Ali Hussein M. , Abdel-Aty Basma , El-Sayed Walaa , Mariy Faiza M. , Hegazy Gamal M.
Published: August 2024

Background

Neonicotinoids are widespread insecticides because of their potent effects against aphids and other piercing-sucking insects in addition to having high selectivity toward insects rather than vertebrates. However, they affect severely some non-target insects, mainly honeybee in a phenomenon called colony collapse disorder (CCD).

Results

Effects of imidacloprid (IMI), most used neonicotinoids, on aphid acetylcholinesterase (AChE), in vivo and in vitro were examined; besides, molecular modeling was used to investigate similarities and differences of AChE and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors α1-subunit (nAChRα1) in aphids, target insect, and honeybees, non-target insect. Results showed that aphid AChE was inhibited in vitro, with IC50 108.6 mg/L but not affected in vivo while the mortality was concentration-dependent with high toxicity (LC50 9.50 mg/L); in addition, aphid AChE was more inhibited, in vitro, but with much less effects, in vivo, than that of honeybees. These results indicate that AChE is not the main cause of the observed mortality, but it still has a role in insect resistance system with different responses in both insects. Molecular modeling showed high similarity in primary and secondary structures of AChE indicated by high identity (67%) and low gaps (1%); besides, the same template for both enzymes was auto-selected for homology. In addition, similar positions of the triad amino acids were found in AChE of both insects indicating high similarity. Conversely, the similarity in nAChRα1 in both insects is lower (50% identity and 9% gaps). These gaps (50 amino acids) are found in the intracellular large loop between TM3 and TM4 and account for the observed differences in the nAChRα1 binding sites of in both insects.

Conclusion

These observed variations in nAChRα1 structures and binding sites in different insect species can be used as good bases in designing new neonicotinoids that express high effects on target insects with better selectivity to minimize adverse effects on non-target organisms.

Graphical Abstract
Elevated level of extracellular vimentin is associated with an increased fibrin formation potential in sepsis: ex vivo swine study
Authors: Martinez-Vargas Marina , Saini Arun , Pradhan Subhashree , Gardea Luis , Stoll Barbara , Didelija Inka C. , Vijayan K. Vinod , Nguyen Trung C. , Cruz Miguel A.
Published: August 2024

Background

Sepsis can lead to coagulopathy and microvascular thrombosis. Prior studies, including ours, reported an increased level of extracellular vimentin in blood derived from septic patients. Moreover, we identified the contribution of extracellular vimentin to fibrin formation and to the fibrin clot structure ex vivo in plasma from septic patients. Here, we tested the status of plasma vimentin and its impact on fibrin clots using our recently described swine model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sepsis-induced coagulopathy.

Results

We employed ELISA, size-exclusion chromatography, vimentin antibodies, confocal microscopy, and turbidity assays on piglet plasma obtained at pre- and post-MRSA inoculation. Plasma vimentin level at 70 h post-MRSA inoculation was on average twofold higher compared to pre-infection (0 h) level in the same animal. Anti-vimentin antibody effectively reduced fibrin formation ex vivo and increased porosity in the fibrin clot structure generated from septic piglet plasma. In contrast to plasma at 0 h, the size-exclusion chromatography revealed that phosphorylated vimentin was in-complex with fibrinogen in septic piglet plasma.

Conclusions

Thus, our swine model of sepsis-induced coagulopathy, reproduced increased extracellular circulating vimentin and subsequent potentiation of fibrin formation, often observed in septic patient. These outcomes validate the use of large animal models to investigate the dysregulated host immune response to infection leading to coagulopathy, and to develop new therapies for sepsis-induced disseminated microvascular thrombosis.
Evaluating the impact of reducing POFA’s particle fineness on its pozzolanic reactivity and mortar strength
Authors: Liew Yu Xuan , Saad Siti Asmahani , Anand N. , Tee Kong Fah , Chin Siew Choo
Published: August 2024

This paper presents the effect of size reduction of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) in the nanoscale to improve the mortar strength. In this work, three different particle sizes of POFA prepared using the LA abrasion machine were used as a cement replacement. The physical and chemical properties, mineralogy, and morphology of all POFA specimens were studied. The effect of size reduction on the pozzolanic reactivity of POFA is also studied. The mortar mix design that contained micro and nano POFA was prepared and evaluated for its compressive and flexural properties at the ages of 7, 28, 56, and 90 days. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the relationship between the factors (cement replacement) and responses (compressive and flexural strength), aiming to find the best mix design. The grinding method in this work produced POFA as small as 110 nm. The nano POFAs were observed to have better pozzolanic reactivity compared to micro POFA. The results show that nano POFA increased the mortar strength activity index by up to 20% compared to micro POFA. The best mix design was found using a combination of 10 and 3% of micro and nano POFA as cement replacement. The best mix design shows excellent early compressive strength (7 days) compared to other mixes, although the difference in long-term compressive strength is insignificant. Similar findings were observed for the flexural strength, whereby the best mix design was obtained using a combination of 10 and 3% of micro and nano POFA. This work may provide useful insight into the effect of size reduction on the pozzolanic reactivity of POFA.
Accuracy of ultra-high resolution and virtual non-calcium reconstruction algorithm for stenosis evaluation with photon-counting CT: results from a dynamic phantom study
Authors: Zsarnoczay Emese , Fink Nicola , Schoepf U. Joseph , Pinos Daniel , O’Doherty Jim , Allmendinger Thomas , Hagenauer Junia , Griffith III Joseph P. , Vecsey-Nagy Milán , Maurovich-Horvat Pál , Emrich Tilman , Varga-Szemes Akos
Published: August 2024

Background

We compared ultra-high resolution (UHR), standard resolution (SR), and virtual non-calcium (VNCa) reconstruction for coronary artery stenosis evaluation using photon-counting computed tomography (PC-CT).

Methods

One vessel phantom (4-mm diameter) containing solid calcified lesions with 25% and 50% stenoses inside a thorax phantom with motion simulation underwent PC-CT using UHR (0.2-mm slice thickness) and SR (0.6-mm slice thickness) at heart rates of 60 beats per minute (bpm), 80 bpm, and 100 bpm. A paired t-test or Wilcoxon test with Bonferroni correction was used.

Results

For 50% stenosis, differences in percent mean diameter stenosis between UHR and SR at 60 bpm (51.0 vs 60.3), 80 bpm (51.7 vs 59.6), and 100 bpm (53.7 vs 59.0) (p ≤ 0.011), as well as between VNCa and SR at 60 bpm (50.6 vs 60.3), 80 bpm (51.5 vs 59.6), and 100 bpm (53.7 vs 59.0) were significant (p ≤ 0.011), while differences between UHR and VNCa at all heart rates (p ≥ 0.327) were not significant. For 25% stenosis, differences between UHR and SR at 60 bpm (28.0 vs 33.7), 80 bpm (28.4 vs 34.3), and VNCa vs SR at 60 bpm (29.1 vs 33.7) were significant (p ≤ 0.015), while differences for UHR vs SR at 100 bpm (29.9 vs 34.0), as well as for VNCa vs SR at 80 bpm (30.7 vs 34.3) and 100 bpm (33.1 vs 34.0) were not significant (p ≥ 0.028).

Conclusion

Stenosis quantification accuracy with PC-CT improved using either UHR acquisition or VNCa reconstruction.

Relevance statement

PC-CT offers to scan with UHR mode and the reconstruction of VNCa images both of them could provide improved coronary stenosis quantification at increased heart rates, allowing a more accurate stenosis grading at low and high heart rates compared to SR.

Key Points

Evaluation of coronary stenosis with conventional CT is challenging at high heart rates.

PC-CT allows for scanning with ECG-gated UHR and SR modes.

UHR and VNCa images were compared in a dynamic phantom.

UHR improves stenosis quantification up to 100 bpm.

VNCa reconstruction improves stenosis evaluation up to 80 bpm.

Graphical Abstract
The application of deep learning technology in integrated circuit design
Authors: Dai Lihua , Wang Ben , Cheng Xuemin , Wang Qin , Ni Xinsen
Published: August 2024

This study addresses the intricate challenge of circuit layout optimization central to integrated circuit (IC) design, where the primary goals involve attaining an optimal balance among power consumption, performance metrics, and chip area (collectively known as PPA optimization). The complexity of this task, evolving into a multidimensional problem under multiple constraints, necessitates the exploration of advanced methodologies. In response to these challenges, our research introduces deep learning technology as an innovative strategy to revolutionize circuit layout optimization. Specifically, we employ Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in developing an optimized layout strategy, a performance prediction model, and a system for fault detection and real-time monitoring. These methodologies leverage the capacity of deep learning models to learn from high-dimensional data representations and handle multiple constraints effectively. Extensive case studies and rigorous experimental validations demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed deep learning-driven approaches. The results highlight significant enhancements in optimization efficiency, with an average power consumption reduction of 120% and latency decrease by 1.5%. Furthermore, the predictive capabilities are markedly improved, evidenced by a reduction in the average absolute error for power predictions to 3%. Comparative analyses conclusively illustrate the superiority of deep learning methodologies over conventional techniques across several dimensions. Our findings underscore the potential of deep learning in achieving higher accuracy in predictions, demonstrating stronger generalization abilities, facilitating superior design quality, and ultimately enhancing user satisfaction. These advancements not only validate the applicability of deep learning in IC design optimization but also pave the way for future advancements in addressing the multidimensional challenges inherent to circuit layout optimization.
Intrathecal IgG4 synthesis in IgG4 related spinal hypertrophic pachymeningitis: a case report
Authors: Feldmann Lucia K. , von Manitius Regina , Grassmann Birgit Julia , Rösler Judith , Onken Julia , Meisel Christian , Koch Arend , Siebert Eberhard , Ruprecht Klemens , Meisel Andreas
Published: August 2024

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) related hypertrophic pachymeningitis of the spinal cord is a rare condition, characterized by infiltration of the spinal meninges with IgG4-producing plasma cells and subsequent hypertrophic fibrosis. Here, we report on a 65-year-old woman with IgG4 associated hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis, in whom cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was a decisive diagnostic tool. Not only could we demonstrate an intrathecal IgG4 production, but also IgG4 positive plasma cells in CSF. Following decompressive surgery, diagnosis of IgG4 associated hypertrophic pachymeningitis was confirmed histologically. Surgery and immunosuppressive therapy with rituximab were associated with clinical improvement. This case highlights CSF analyses as diagnostic tool for detection of IgG4 related hypertrophic pachymeningitis.
C-reactive protein in anhedonia among patients with major depressive disorder and its relation to suicidal ideation
Authors: Dessoki Hani H. , Soltan Mohamed R. , Ragheb Ahmed S. , Dawoud Mariam E.
Published: August 2024

Background

There is evidence that major depressive disorder (MDD) with its cardinal symptoms, anhedonia and suicide, are linked with raised inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP). This case–control study investigated the correlation between high sensitive CRP (Hs-CRP), anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and depression severity in MDD patients.

Methods

Forty-one MDD patients and 47 healthy controls were recruited. MDD diagnosis was confirmed using DSM-5 criteria. Depression severity, anhedonia, and suicidal ideation were assessed using standardized scales. Serum Hs-CRP levels were measured as an inflammatory marker.

Results

MDD cases had significantly greater Hs-CRP levels compared to controls. Additionally, Hs-CRP levels were positively correlated with both anhedonia and suicidal ideation in MDD cases. Depression severity was significantly linked with both anhedonia and suicidal ideation.

Conclusion

This study suggests a link between inflammation, anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and depression severity in MDD patients. Additional research is necessary to find out the principal mechanisms.
Pediatric demographic association with hospital mortality in platelets- and plasma-transfused young pediatric patients — a mixed cohort study
Authors: Sharma Sankalp , Padhi Phalguni
Published: August 2024

Background

Demographic and biochemical variations in newborn children as compared to adults are attributable to variable prognosis to blood transfusions. Aims of this mixed cohort study of Platelets with/without Plasma (PLT/PZ); only Plasma (PZ) transfusions in ≤ 24 months children is as follows: An Association of demography towards hospital mortality, and an association of laboratory investigations (LI) with hospital mortality.

Methods

PLT/PZ (n = 72) and PZ (n = 79) children ≤ 24 months were followed up for a total length of hospital stay (LOS(D)). We calculated the Odds Ratio (OR) of demographic, and laboratory parameters for mortality, survival studies of demographic, laboratory parameters , Kaplan Meier Survival curve, Log-Rank significance (KMLR) and Multivariable regression (r2) with outcome as death.

Results

The present study is in 2019–2022. Higher OR for hospital-based mortality for PLT/PZ and PZ cohort were age ≤ 1 m, weight ≤ 1500 g, preterm, gestational age ≤ 34 weeks, hospital length of stay {LOS(D)} 0–7 days, APGAR score ≤ 5, and Hb ≤ 7 g/dl. High OR, mortality was observed with Female gender, Length of stay before first transfusion {LOS(F)}, 0-7d, WHO Grade of bleeding (GOB) 4, PT>50 sec, INR>1·7, aPTT >75sec, PLT counts (μl) ≤25000/μl (PLT/PZ) and GOB 3, 4 (PZ). Higher OR for mortality was also observed with a lower derangement of coagulative parameters PT≤50s, INR ≤1·7, aPTT ≤75s (PZ).

Higher survival was observed for (PLT/PZ) LOS(F) 0–7 days across age (m), weight (g) (P = 0·002; < 0·01), and INR ≤ 1·7; aPTT ≤ 75 s across LOS(D) (P < 0·01,0·018); (PZ) LOS(D) ≤ 7 days across age (m) and weight (g) (P = 0·036, 0·001); and GOB across LOS(D) (PLT/PZ; PZ) (P = 0·052, 0·005). Demography (PLT/PZ) r2 = 50·36% (P = 0·021), laboratory investigations r2 = 10·44% (P = 0·47), LOS(F) (P = 0·010), LOS(D) (P = 0·003), and GOB (P = 0·03) were the predictors. Demography (PZ) r2 (P = 0·095), investigations r2 = 8·79% (P = 0·254), LOS(D) (P = 0·026), and GOB (P = 0·012) were the predictors.

Conclusions

PLT/PZ, demographic parameters, were significant cause of mortality with LOS(F), LOS(D), and GOB as predictors. PZ, demography attributed to mortality with LOS(D), and GOB as predictors. A higher OR of morality with lower derangement of laboratory profile is indicative of unnecessary transfusions in the age group. Laboratory investigations by themselves are not significant predictors of mortality.
Grain yield performance of spring maize under different agroecological zones
Authors: Thapa Sandesh , Rawal Sara
Published: August 2024

Maize is an important cereal crop which ranks second in production after rice in Nepal with an increasing demand for livestock and poultry ration but declining in production. This experiment was conducted to screen top- and stable yielding maize hybrids in various agroecological zones of Nepal during the spring season. In this study, nine maize genotypes were evaluated across six environments in randomized complete block design with three replications. The additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) ANOVA revealed that environment, genotype, and their interaction had a substantial effect on the grain yield and all five principal components (PCs) were significantly different (P < 0.0001). AMMI stability value revealed that genotypes Rampur composite and Kanchan 101 were the most stable genotypes in all environments. The specific adaptation of genotype as explained by Which-won-where model suggest that Godavari in environment E2, Rajkumar in E4 and E5, and Bisco gold 941 in E1, E3 and E6 were the winning genotypes. Furthermore, the mean-versus-stability model revealed that genotype Kanchan 101 had above average yield with greater stability. In addition, biplot analysis revealed that 78.32% of variation is explained by PC1 and 11.41% by PC2 of the interaction effect. The genotype ranking based on revealed that genotype Kanchan 101 was close to the ideal line and Sano ghogha was at the greatest distance. Conclusively, AMMI and genotype and genotype by environment interaction (GGE) model explicates that genotype Kanchan 101 has both the high yield and stability across all agroecological zones. In future research on multi-year trial with emphasis other agronomic traits to assess the stability and priorities for the development of package of practices for maximizing the grain yield is recommended.
Assessment of potential health impact of volatile organic compounds of underground water samples around fuel station in Okinni area Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Adeyinka Gbadebo Clement , Adeleke Joshua Toyin , Afolabi Fatai
Published: August 2024

Levels and potential toxicity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed in underground water from six locations near a fuel station in Okinni, Osun State, Nigeria. Samples were collected and analyzed using standard procedures. A total number of seven VOCs were detected with varying concentrations, they were: benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, ethylbenzene, m, p-xylene, o-xylene, and dichloromethane. One-way ANOVA results showed a significant difference (p < 0.5) in VOC concentrations across locations. Most VOCs exceeded USEPA and WHO threshold values, indicating contamination likely from fuel station leachates, as suggested by the low toluene to benzene ratio (T/B < 2). Odour Hazard Index (OHI) values were below 1 in all but location 3, where m,p-xylene, and o-xylene levels were 0.921 and 1.105, respectively, implying that the water from location 3 was not safe given the odour risk assessment.. Carcinogenic risks were more significant through ingestion than dermal contact. Non-carcinogenic risk values were within safe limits except in location 3. Consequently, using the borehole water from location 3 for domestic activities could expose the people of these communities to serious health issues. Therefore, there is a need for urgent attention from the relevant authorities to safeguard the health of this populace.
Gynecomastia and Its Management In Boys With Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Authors: Patjamontri Supitcha , Lucas-Herald Angela K , Bryce Jillian , van den Akker Erica , Cools Martine , Globa Evgenia , Guerra-Junior Gil , Hiort Olaf , Hofman Paul , Holterhus Paul-Martin , Hughes Ieuan A , Juul Anders , Nordenstrom Anna , Russo Gianni , Stancampiano Marianna R , Seneviratne Sumudu N , Tadokoro-Cuccaro Rieko , Thankamony Ajay , Weintrob Naomi , Zelinska Natalia , Ahmed S Faisal
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) is a rare condition that is reported to be commonly associated with gynecomastia in males.

Objectives

To assess the management of gynecomastia in male PAIS.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective review of males with PAIS over the age of 10 years in the I-DSD registry.

Results

Of the 205 eligible cases, information was available for 57 from 13 centers. An androgen receptor gene variant was confirmed in 45 (79%) with a median age at first presentation of 1.0 year (range 0.1, 26.0). Of the 45 genetically confirmed cases, gynecomastia was present in 41 (91%) with a median age at the time of gynecomastia development of 13.5 years (11.0, 29.0). In the other 4 (9%) with no gynecomastia, the median age at last assessment was 15.7 years (10.6, 17.0). In 30 cases with information available, micropenis was present at the time of gynecomastia development in 23 (77%). Of the 35 with information available, 2 (6%) exhibited spontaneous resolution between the ages of 15 and 21 years and 25 (71%) had breast surgery at a median age of 15.7 years (14.0, 23.0). Of these 25, 9 (26%) had previously received medical therapy. The median clinician score of effectiveness for medical therapy was 3 (1, 8) compared to 10 (3, 10) for surgery (P < .0001). In 31 with information available, 13 (42%) had received psychology support.

Conclusion

Gynecomastia is common in PAIS but not universal. Surgical management may be more effective than medical therapy, but there is a need for further standardized and systematic studies.
Mechanically evoked spike responses of pentascolopidial chordotonal organs of Drosophila melanogaster larvae
Authors: Warren Ben , Göpfert Martin C.
Published: August 2024

Mechanosensitive ensembles of neurons in insects, known as chordotonal organs (COs), function in proprioception, the detection of sound and substrate vibrations. Here, we characterized the mechanical sensitivity of the lateral pentascolopidial CO (lch5) of Drosophila melanogaster larvae to establish its postulated role in proprioception. We developed a physiologically realistic method to replicate proprioceptive input to lch5 by pulling the apodeme (tendon) to which the tips of the neurons attach. We found that lch5 sensory neurons respond transiently with a short latency to the velocity component of stretch displacements and the release of stretch (relaxation). In the mechanosensory mutant inactive, lch5 has a decreased response to mechanical stimuli and a lower overall spontaneous spike rate. Finally, we simulated the input that lch5 receives during crawling and observed spike rate changes of peristaltic body contraction. We provide a characterization of proprioceptive feedback in D. melanogaster larvae and firmly establish the proprioceptive function of lch5 in larval locomotion.
Quantification of cytosolic ‘free’ calcium in isolated coral cells with confocal microscopy
Authors: Venn Alexander A. , Techer Nathalie , Segonds Natacha , Tambutté Eric , Tambutté Sylvie
Published: August 2024

Despite its prominent role as an intracellular messenger in all organisms, cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) has never been quantified in corals or cnidarians in general. Ratiometric calcium dyes and cell imaging have been key methods in successful research on [Ca2+]i in model systems, and could be applied to corals. Here, we developed a procedure to quantify [Ca2+]i in isolated cells from the model coral species Stylophora pistillata using Indo-1 and confocal microscopy. We quantified [Ca2+]i in coral cells with and without intracellular dinoflagellate symbionts, and verified our procedure on cultured mammalian cells. We then used our procedure to measure changes in [Ca2+]i in coral cells exposed to a classic inhibitor of [Ca2+]i regulation, thapsigargin, and also used it to record elevations in [Ca2+]i in coral cells undergoing apoptosis. Our procedure paves the way for future studies into intracellular calcium in corals and other cnidarians.
Comparisons of Signals
Authors: Brooks Benjamin , Frankel Alexander , Kamenica Emir
Published: August 2024

A signal is a description of an information source that specifies both its correlation with the state and its correlation with other signals. Extending Blackwell (1953), we characterize when one signal is more valuable than another regardless of preferences and regardless of access to other signals. This comparison is equivalent to reveal-or-refine: every realization of the more valuable signal reveals the state or refines the realization of the less valuable signal. We also study other comparisons of signals, including sufficiency, martingale dominance, and Lehmann. Reveal-or-refine is also equivalent to making any of these comparisons robust to access to other signals. (JEL C90, D82, D83)
Ιστορία και θεολογία της λατρείας στο έργο του Ιωάννη Φουντούλη
Authors: Συμεού Θεόδωρος
Published: August 2024

Σκοπός της διατριβής αυτής ήταν η ερευνητική προσέγγιση της ιστορίας και της θεολογίας της λατρείας στο έργο του Ιωάννη Φουντούλη. Πρώτιστα μέσα από τις αναλύσεις και τον ιστορικό προβληματισμό του καθηγητού και έπειτα μέσα από τις θεολογικές αναγωγές και εμβαθύνσεις, έτσι όπως αναλύονται και παρουσιάζονται από τον ίδιο. Εξετάσαμε τις σπουδαστικές περγαμηνές του καθηγητού, τη διδασκαλία και την οργάνωση του «Φροντιστηρίου Λειτουργικής και Ομιλητικής» και την εργογραφία του μέσα από μία πυκνή συστηματοποίηση των λειτουργικών του προσανατολισμών. Η έρευνά μας προχώρησε στη καταγραφη της ιστορίας της θείας λατρείας, όπως παρουσιάζεται στο σύνολο λειτουργικό έργο του Ιωάννου Φουντούλη. Μελετήσαμε τις ιστορικές απαρχές της θείας λατρείας και τις πρώτες λειτουργικές μορφές, τους λειτουργικούς τύπους και τη σταδιακή τους εξέλιξη μέσα στην ιστορική ροή του κοσμικού χρόνου. Επιπλέον, ασχοληθήκαμε με τα πρώτα λειτουργικά κείμενα, τα εκκλησιαστικά μυστήρια, σε συνδυασμό με τον αρραγή δεσμό τους προς τη θεία λειτουργία, το σύνολο των ακολουθιών που συναποτελούν τη νυχθήμερο λατρευτική πράξη, καθώς και άλλες ιεροπραξίες, τη συγκρότηση των τυπικών, του ασματικού και του μοναχικού, αλλά και τη σύνδεση αυτών των δύο λειτουργικών παραδόσεων, και τέλος τις έξωθεν επιρροές στη χριστιανική λατρευτική πράξη. Διερευνήσαμε το ζήτημα της εμμονής στην παράδοση και κατά πόσο νομιμοποιούνται ή είναι αποδεκτές οι αλλαγές στην ιστορική εξέλιξη της λατρευτικής πράξεως. Ασχοληθήκαμε, επίσης, με τη θεολογία της λατρείας, όπως καταγραφεται στη διδασκαλία και τα συγγράμματα του καθηγητού Φουντούλη και τη σχέση που υφίσταται μεταξύ λατρείας και θεολογίας. Παρουσιάσαμε τη θεολογία που αναδύεται μέσα από τη θεία λειτουργία και πιο ειδικά μέσα από το μυστήριο της θείας ευχαριστίας, καθώς και τα ιερά μυστήρια και τις ιεροπραξίες, τις ακολουθίες του νυχθημέρου και τις διάφορες περιστατικές ακολουθίες. Ληκτικά, αναφερθήκαμε στη σχέση ιστορίας και θεολογίας στη θεία λατρεία. Ερευνήσαμε τα σύμβολα, τους συμβολισμούς και τη λειτουργική γλώσσα, αλλά και τον λειτουργικό χρόνο, που αποτελεί το σήμερον της λειτουργικής βιώσεως. Με τον τρόπο αυτό, ολοκληρώσαμε την παρουσίαση της σχέσης ιστορίας και θεολογίας, έτσι όπως αυτή συμπλέκεται και αλληλοπεριχωρείται στο λειτουργικό σύμπαν της λατρεύουσας Εκκλησίας.
Development of an innovative microvehicle for urban mobility
Authors: Gulino Michelangelo-Santo , Laschi Maurizio , Zonfrillo Giovanni , Fabbri Marco , Garcia Elena , Miklis Peter , Unger Thomas , Damaziak Krzysztof , Mazurkiewicz Lukasz , Sybilski Kamil , Ahmed Salik , Sospiro Paolo , Del Zotto Luca , Del Vecchio Nicola , Rinaldi Alessandra , Viviani Sara , Vangi Dario
Published: August 2024

This paper presents the development of a novel microvehicle concept under the H2020 LEONARDO project, which targets the limitations of current micromobility solutions. By combining the features of a monowheel and a kick scooter, the vehicle is designed to enhance safety, comfort, and convenience for urban transport. It employs an innovative control mechanism, where pushing the steering column accelerates and pulling it decelerates, thereby improving user experience. The design integrates advanced fast-charging energy storage with a lightweight, compact build, facilitating easy maneuverability and storage, making it suitable for urban environments. The development process includes extensive re-design efforts; in-house testing; and detailed structural, electrical, and regulatory analyses, ensuring compliance with existing standards. A large-scale demonstration in a real urban setting validates the practicality and effectiveness of vehicles. This microvehicle emphasizes ease of use, merging the best aspects of a kick scooter and a monowheel to overcome challenges related to range, safety, and integration with public transportation. A key innovation is the potential inclusion of a battery-sharing system that enhances versatility and user appeal. By focusing on a seamless blend of intuitive control, compact design, and efficient energy use, this vehicle addresses the significant limitations of the current micromobility solutions. This paper highlights the potential of vehicles to significantly improve urban transportation by offering a practical, environmentally friendly, and user-friendly alternative that enhances the efficiency and attractiveness of urban mobility options.
Recent updates on classification and unsolved issues of diverticular disease: a narrative review
Authors: Kim Kyeong Ok
Published: August 2024

Recently, a paradigm shift has occurred in the classification of diverticular disease and the understanding of its pathogenesis. Diverticular disease is now defined as a variety of clinically significant conditions such as diverticulitis, diverticular bleeding, symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease, and segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis. Low-grade inflammation, visceral hypersensitivity, abnormal intestinal motility, and genetic factors have emerged as the key contributors to the pathogenesis of diverticular disease. Routine antibiotic use is no longer recommended for all cases of diverticulitis, and simple recurrence is not an indication for surgical treatment. Early colonoscopy with proper preparation is recommended for the treatment of diverticular bleeding, although recent studies have not shown significant efficacy in preventing recurrence. The roles of dietary fiber, nonabsorbable antibiotics, 5-aminosalicylates, and probiotics in the prevention of diverticular disease are controversial and require further investigation.
Social Preferences and the Informativeness of Subjective Performance Evaluations
Authors: Kusterer David J. , Sliwka Dirk
Published: August 2024

We study biases and the informativeness of subjective performance evaluations in an online experiment, testing the implications of a standard formal framework of rational subjective evaluations. In the experiment, subjects in the role of workers perform a real effort task. Subjects in the role of supervisors observe samples of the workers’ output and assess their performance. We conduct six experimental treatments varying (i) whether workers’ pay depends on the performance evaluation, (ii) whether supervisors are paid for the accuracy of their evaluations, and (iii) the precision of the information available to supervisors. Moreover, we use the exogenous assignment of supervisors to workers to investigate the association between supervisors’ social preferences and their rating quality. In line with the model of optimal evaluations, we find that ratings are more lenient and less informative when they determine bonus payments. Rewards for accuracy reduce leniency and can enhance informativeness. When supervisors have access to more detailed performance information, their ratings vary more with the performance signal and become more informative. Contrary to expectations, we do not find that more prosocial supervisors are systematically more lenient when their ratings affect workers’ payoffs. Instead, they are more diligent in their rating behavior, resulting in more accurate and informative performance evaluations.

This paper was accepted by Marie Claire Villeval, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy [Grant EXC 2126/1-390838866].

Supplemental Material: The online supplement and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02267 .
The role of unsaturated fatty acids in depression treatment - international clinical guidelines and recommendation of psychiatric associations
Authors: Karakuła Kaja , Banaszek Agnieszka , Sitarz Ryszard , Wingralek Zuzanna , Rog Joanna , Rząd Zuzanna , Juchnowicz Dariusz , Karakuła-Juchnowicz Hanna
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Nutritional psychiatry examines how diet and specific nutrients affect mental health and well-being. The potential role of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) has gained significant interest in recent years.
Objective: To review and present guidelines on the use of omega-3 PUFAs in the treatment of MDD and to highlight recommendations from psychiatric associations worldwide.
Method: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using articles from Web of Science, Google Scholar, Medline/ PubMed. The analysis included guidelines and recommendations from psychiatric associations published between 2014 and 2024. Keywords such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA, nutritional psychiatry, recommendations, guidelines, depressive disorders, and omega-3 were used in the search strategy. Articles in English and Polish were included.
Results: Evidence suggests that omega-3 PUFAs, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (especially EPA), can serve as effective adjunctive treatments in combination with standard antidepressant medications, though they are not recommended as monotherapy. Several psychiatric associations, including the International Society of Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP), and the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatment (CANMAT), have published guidelines supporting the use of n-3 PUFAs in MDD treatment, particularly in specific populations like pregnant women, the elderly, individuals with raised inflammation, with obesity.
Conclusions: The promising findings from multiple studies and the support from scientific psychiatric associations highlight the significant potential of omega-3 PUFAs as a beneficial addition to standard MDD treatments. The growing body of evidence underscores the importance of integrating dietary interventions into mental health care. With continued research and clinical application, n-3 PUFAs could play a crucial role in enhancing treatment outcomes and improving the quality of life for individuals with depressive disorders.

Keywords: polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA, nutritional psychiatry, depressive disorders, omega-3 supplementation, clinical guidelines, therapeutic interventions
Indonesian Market Volatility During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Foreign versus Domestic Investors
Authors: Suhernita Suhernita
Published: August 2024

This study examines the effect of institutional ownership on stock price volatility before and after the announcement of the first confirmed COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. The sample includes all public companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange minus financial firms. Data for this study were retrieved from the Osiris database. The results of this study indicate that when a market was relatively stable (before the discovery of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia), there was no effect of institutional ownership on stock price volatility. However, after the announcement of confirmed COVID-19 cases, this study finds a positive influence of institutional ownership on stock price volatility. This research contributes in two important ways. First, the previous study predicts that extreme market volatility is a signal of an incoming recession. This situation should alarm various stakeholders to anticipate potential unexpected outcomes. Second, institutional investors play a crucial role in the market. Understanding their trading behavior during the pandemic period provides insight for various stakeholders in the decision-making process.
Public Sentiment on Sustainable Finance and Implications for Islamic Banks
Authors: Septiana Nurul Izzati , Swandaru Randi , Hudaefi Fahmi Ali
Published: August 2024

This paper attempts to identify the challenges and strategies for implementing sustainable finance in Islamic banking and to analyze public opinion on sustainable finance on the Twitter platform using sentiment analysis. The research methods used in this study are the Analytical Network Process (ANP) method to answer the first research objective and the sentiment analysis method, which can assess public opinion based on emotions and sentiments in a particular text to answer the second research objective. The results of the study identified several challenges and priority strategies for implementing sustainable finance in Islamic banks. They identified the sentiment of words that can be used to design communication strategies to create a positive image for the company because it is associated with sustainable finance. This study may contribute to enhancing the implementation of sustainable finance in Islamic banks and better communicating with the public on this matter.
ESG and Credit Risk: Evidence from Indonesian and Malaysian Banks
Authors: Fithria Annisa , Darma Surya
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scores on credit risk, specifically Non-Performing Loans (NPL), in Indonesian and Malaysian banks, including both Islamic and conventional institutions. The study employs an unbalanced panel dataset from 12 Indonesian and 10 Malaysian banks over the period 2010-2023. Using fixed-effects regression models, the analysis explores whether higher ESG scores are associated with lower NPL levels. The results reveal that while overall ESG scores and their components—environmental, social, and governance—do not show significant impacts on NPL, bank size and economic growth are positively associated with credit risk. This research contributes to the understanding of ESG's role in financial stability within the banking sector, offering insights for policymakers, regulators, and stakeholders. By addressing a gap in the literature on ESG performance in banks, particularly in developing countries, the study underscores the importance of sustainable banking practices for enhancing financial stability and managing credit risk.
Diffusion of the Shared Citizenship Paradigm: Strategies and Next Steps
Authors: Luckasson Ruth , Schalock Robert L. , Bradley Valerie J.
Published: August 2024

The field of disabilities is being challenged to adopt a paradigm that can be used to guide the transformation of services, supports, and research practices to ensure and enhance the personal autonomy, rights, and community inclusion of people with disabilities. This article describes strategies associated with the systematic diffusion and sustainability of an innovation such as the emerging Shared Citizenship Paradigm (SCP), which has the potential to guide the transformation. The systematic diffusion process incorporates five components: knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. The systematic process also addresses the risks of dissonance, backlash, unintended consequences, and backsliding that can emerge when the sustainability of a paradigm is not supported. Throughout the article, we stress that meaningful change in organizations and systems requires use of a paradigm such as the SCP and its principles and foundation pillars to guide the change, and a systematic process such as that described in this article to bring about and sustain the change.
Impact of Educational Placement on the Goal Attainment Outcomes of K–6 Students With Complex Needs Across Academic and Social-Behavioral-Communication Domains
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Hicks Tyler A. , Kurth Jennifer A.
Published: August 2024

Students with complex support needs have intense and frequent support needs for learning and participating across multiple domains. Addressing those needs in a comprehensive manner is the purpose of special education, which is accomplished through instructional and Individualized Education Program (IEP) goals. Yet simply setting goals is insufficient; to facilitate positive student outcomes, there is an inherent expectation that students will meet those goals to achieve their potential. Understanding factors that impact variability in goal attainment is essential to this purpose. This includes the extent to which variability in goal attainment is explained by factors varying within students (e.g., goal domains being targeted) or by factors varying between students (e.g., education placement, overall intensity of student support needs). Using Bayesian multi-level modeling analysis to examine the instructional goals of 53 elementary students with complex support needs, we found that 75% of variability in goal attainment exists within student’s goals. However, 25% of variability is explained by factors that vary across students—in this case, educational placement and overall intensity of support needs. We conclude with recommendations for research and practice aimed at enhancing goal attainment for students with complex support needs.