bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Study on an Integrated System Composed of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine and an Octagonal Fishing Cage
Authors: Zhang Chenglin , Xu Jincheng , Shan Jianjun , Liu Andong , Cui Mingchao , Liu Huang , Guan Chongwu , Xie Shuangyi
Published: October 2022

To maximize the utilization of ocean resources, shorten the return period of investment and directly supply energy to the fishing cage, this paper performs a preliminary study for a state-of-the-art concept integrating a floating offshore wind turbine with a fishing cage. An octagonal semisubmersible rigid fishing cage with a slack catenary mooring system is designed to match the NREL 5 MW offshore baseline wind turbine. Combined with the blade pitch controller, fully coupled aero-hydro-elastic-servo-mooring simulations are performed through FAST and AQWA to explore the dynamic performance of the integrated system. Free decay conditions, uniform wind with irregular and regular waves, and turbulent wind with irregular waves are tested. The results showed that the integrated system works normally at the operating conditions and exhibits different dynamic characteristics for various scenarios. Additionally, the study on the influence of mooring line length indicates that the increasing line length can significantly affect the cage surge motion and the maximum and mean values of the upwind line tension at fairlead. Specifically, the maximum surge motion with a 924-m-long line is 404.8% larger than that with an 880-m-long line. When the line length increases by 5%, the maximum and mean line tensions decrease by 45.7% and 47.7%, respectively, while when the line length increases by 10%, the maximum and mean line tension decrease by 52.9% and 54.2%, respectively. It should be noted that the main purpose of this work is to conduct a preliminary study on this integrated system, aiming to provide an idea for the conceptual design, modeling and simulation analysis of this integrated system.
A New Study on the Fatigue Properties of SA Weld Joints by Considering the Effects of Welded Bead Shape
Authors: Cho Dongpil , Nam Seongkil , Cho Chulho , Lee Dajung , Jeong Eunyoung , Jeong Youngcheon , Lee Jaeyik , Cridland Marcus , Kim Bongjin , Kim Kwangsoo , Kim Jihoon , Kim Myunghyun
Published: October 2022

Tandem SAW (Submerged Arc Welding) is one welding process that has been applied to maximize the welding productivity at the panel stage in ship building field. The weld bead profiles produced by Tandem SA welding exceed the acceptance criteria specified in some international regulations, such as AWS D1.1, ISO 5817 and NORSOK M-101. These regulations limit the applicable weld bead profiles, especially weld bead height, regardless of any consideration of design category. The fundamental reason for the limitation of weld bead profiles is related to the weldment fatigue properties. In this regard, we have investigated the effect of weld profiles on fatigue properties. The effect of weld bead profiles on fatigue properties has been experimentally verified and statistically analyzed, and new criteria for weld bead profiles which satisfy E curve as the design S-N curve are proposed for tandem SA welding.
A Method for Vessel’s Trajectory Prediction Based on Encoder Decoder Architecture
Authors: Billah Mohammad Masum , Zhang Jing , Zhang Tianchi
Published: October 2022

Data-driven technologies and automated identification systems (AISs) provide unprecedented opportunities for maritime surveillance. As part of enhancing maritime situational awareness and safety, in this paper, we address the issue of predicting a ship’s future trajectory using historical AIS observations. The objective is to use past data in the training phase to learn the predictive distribution of marine traffic patterns and then use that information to forecast future trajectories. To achieve this, we investigate an encoder–decoder architecture-based sequence-to-sequence prediction model and CNN model. This architecture includes a long short-term memory (LSTM) RNN that encodes sequential AIS data from the past and generates future trajectory samples. The effectiveness of sequence-to-sequence neural networks (RNNs) for forecasting future vessel trajectories is demonstrated through an experimental assessment using an AIS dataset.
Paracoccidioidomycosis: What We Know and What Is New in Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Peçanha Paulo Mendes , Peçanha-Pietrobom Paula Massaroni , Grão-Velloso Tânia Regina , Rosa Júnior Marcos , Falqueto Aloísio , Gonçalves Sarah Santos
Published: October 2022

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America caused by thermodimorphic fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides. In the last two decades, enhanced understanding of the phylogenetic species concept and molecular variations has led to changes in this genus’ taxonomic classification. Although the impact of the new species on clinical presentation and treatment remains unclear, they can influence diagnosis when serological methods are employed. Further, although the infection is usually acquired in rural areas, the symptoms may manifest years or decades later when the patient might be living in the city or even in another country outside the endemic region. Brazil accounts for 80% of PCM cases worldwide, and its incidence is rising in the northern part of the country (Amazon region), owing to new settlements and deforestation, whereas it is decreasing in the south, owing to agriculture mechanization and urbanization. Clusters of the acute/subacute form are also emerging in areas with major human intervention and climate change. Advances in diagnostic methods (molecular and immunological techniques and biomarkers) remain scarce, and even the reference center’s diagnostics are based mainly on direct microscopic examination. Classical imaging findings in the lungs include interstitial bilateral infiltrates, and eventually, enlargement or calcification of adrenals and intraparenchymal central nervous system lesions are also present. Besides itraconazole, cotrimoxazole, and amphotericin B, new azoles may be an alternative when the previous ones are not tolerated, although few studies have investigated their use in treating PCM.
Fungal Contamination in Microalgal Cultivation: Biological and Biotechnological Aspects of Fungi-Microalgae Interaction
Authors: Laezza Carmen , Salbitani Giovanna , Carfagna Simona
Published: October 2022

In the last few decades, the increasing interest in microalgae as sources of new biomolecules and environmental remediators stimulated scientists’ investigations and industrial applications. Nowadays, microalgae are exploited in different fields such as cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals and as human and animal food supplements. Microalgae can be grown using various cultivation systems depending on their final application. One of the main problems in microalgae cultivations is the possible presence of biological contaminants. Fungi, among the main contaminants in microalgal cultures, are able to influence the production and quality of biomass significantly. Here, we describe fungal contamination considering both shortcomings and benefits of fungi-microalgae interactions, highlighting the biological aspects of this interaction and the possible biotechnological applications.
The Effects of Sex and Strain on Pneumocystis murina Fungal Burdens in Mice
Authors: Macioce-Tisdale Nikeya L. , Ashbaugh Alan , Hendrix Keeley , Collins Margaret S. , Porollo Aleksey , Cushion Melanie T.
Published: October 2022

Many preclinical studies of infectious diseases have neglected experimental designs that evaluate potential differences related to sex with a concomitant over-reliance on male model systems. Hence, the NIH implemented a monitoring system for sex inclusion in preclinical studies. Methods: Per this mandate, we examined the lung burdens of Pneumocystis murina infection in three mouse strains in both male and female animals at early, mid, and late time points. Results: Females in each strain had higher infection burdens compared to males at the later time points. Conclusion: Females should be included in experimental models studying Pneumocystis spp.
Examining the Most Relevant Journalism Innovations: A Comparative Analysis of Five European Countries from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Meier Klaus , Schützeneder Jonas , García Avilés José Alberto , Valero-Pastor José María , Kaltenbrunner Andy , Lugschitz Renée , Porlezza Colin , Ferri Giulia , Wyss Vinzenz , Saner Mirco
Published: October 2022

Research on journalism innovation has become increasingly relevant for science and practice. The literature shows a great variety of innovations in a wide range of media fields. However, the question of what the most important innovations in different media systems are has not been addressed. This article attempts to fill this research gap by providing a theoretical framework that deals with the function of journalism in society as well as with the multifaceted meaning of innovation in a time of constant media change. We identify and analyze the most important journalistic innovations in Austria, Germany, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom in the last decade. Interviews with 100 experts reveal diverse innovation efforts. From a total of around 1000 mentions, 50 different types of innovations could be identified; from them, 34 made it into the selection of the 20 most relevant innovations in the countries. Different innovations were found to be of varying importance for journalism development in each country. However, some innovations were ranked high everywhere including data journalism, collaborative and investigative networks, audience participation, journalism in social media and the establishment of paywalls. Further comparative analysis of the media policy frameworks, journalism cultures and contexts for the contribution of journalism to democracy is required.
International Information Spillovers and Asymmetric Volatility in South Asian Stock Markets
Authors: Gajurel Dinesh , Chawla Akhila
Published: October 2022

This is the first comprehensive study to investigate the dynamics of international information spillovers, regional linkages and fundamental forces driving return volatility in the SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) member nation equity markets. We propose a multi-factor model nested within the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity framework and enlist comprehensive equity market data. While modeling, we consider global, regional (Asia), and largest neighboring (India) equity markets as sources of information spillover. Our results show that equity returns in all these South Asian markets have positive autocorrelation. The equity markets of India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka have some degree of global integration; however, their degree of regional integration is comparatively higher. The stock markets of Bangladesh and Nepal, in contrast, lack both global and regional integration. We find limited evidence of neighborhood (India) spillover effect on other markets in the sample. The stock markets of Bangladesh, India and Pakistan stock markets exhibit asymmetric volatility responses, while Nepal exhibits an inverted asymmetric volatility response, and in contrast Sri Lanka exhibits a symmetric volatility response to return shocks. Finally, most of these markets experience volatility spillover effects from the US, Asia, and India stock markets.
A Time Series Analysis of Judicial Foreclosures in Spain
Authors: González-Val Rafael
Published: October 2022

There was an unprecedented wave of foreclosures and evictions in Spain after the 2008 global financial crisis. The subsequent Great Recession had strong economic, social and environmental consequences. This paper explores the frequency of permanent shocks in foreclosure quarterly rates (defined as the number of judicial foreclosures per 1000 inhabitants) for 50 Spanish provinces (NUTS 3 regions) during the period from 2001 (Q1) to 2019 (Q4) using time series analysis. We examine whether the foreclosure rate is a stationary series, exhibits a unit root or is stationary around a process subject to structural breaks. A clear finding from this analysis is that not all shocks have transitory effects on the foreclosure rate. The percentage of unit root rejections is around 40%, thus, providing the evidence of both stationarity around occasional shocks that have permanent effects, and of a unit root, where all shocks have a permanent effect on the foreclosure rate. We also test for unit roots allowing for the presence of one and two structural breaks. Most of the structural breaks are positive, and the majority are grouped from 2008 onwards, coinciding with the financial crisis and the subsequent collapse of the Spanish housing bubble. We also find a later decrease in foreclosures in some regions that can be related to the effectiveness of the Code of Good Practice for banks and financial institutions approved in 2012. Nevertheless, the level of the foreclosure rate time series has not returned to the pre-2008 level in any case.
The Methodology Matters: What Influences Market Reaction, and Post-Issue Returns in Seasoned Equity Offerings?
Authors: Krishnan C. N. V. , Wu Minghao
Published: October 2022

Using a large database of U.S. seasoned equity offering (SEO) announcements from 2010 to 2015, we examine the effects of several explanatory variables—firm specific, macroeconomic, fixed income, and stock market variables—on the announcement period abnormal stock returns and on the longer-run post-issue abnormal returns. We use five different statistical methods—multivariate linear regression, regression on a reduced model using principal components analysis, year-by-year regression on a reduced model using principal components analysis, random forest regression on the whole sample, and year-by-year random forest regression. In general, across the methods, we find that firm’s profitability in the recent past is an important explanatory factor in both short-term and long-term abnormal stock returns, but several other significant explanatory factors change based on the statistical method used. Therefore, the statistical method used affects the results reported.
Construction of Urban Green Space Network in Kashgar City, China
Authors: Li Xiaoxia , Xia Guozhu , Lin Tao , Xu Zhonglin , Wang Yao
Published: October 2022

With the new round of western development being pushed forward and territorial spatial planning being put into place, northwest China’s urbanization rate has sped up. Urbanization will inevitably affect the city’s general landscape pattern and features, aggravating the landscape’s fragmentation and destroying the urban ecological environment. That threatens the well-being of the residents and the city’s biodiversity. Urban green space provides a habitat for the creatures in the city, and its connectivity provides corridors. Researchers and planners have developed green space networks to protect urban biodiversity and satisfy urban residents’ needs for recreation and ecologically friendly open space. This study uses RS, GIS, SeNtinel Application Platform (SNAP), and Conefor Sensinode. Applying the landscape connectivity index, least-cost path model, and corridor curvature analysis to identify potential recreation and biodiversity conservation corridors with a reasonable width, identifies good quality green space patches and corridors, or which ones need improvement. The results show that: (1) The patches selected by the possible connectivity index (PC) calculated with a threshold of 100 m in the urban area of Kashgar have higher recreational attributes. (2) There are 24 effective recreational corridors in Kashgar, with a total length of 43.44 km, and 53 effective biodiversity conservation corridors, a total of 78.23 km. Suppose recreational and ecological functions are considered to build a comprehensive green space network. The 50 m recreational corridor is mainly distributed in the center, and the 30 m biodiversity conservation corridor is primarily distributed on edge. (3) We can determine the location of the new green space suitable for protection or development by analyzing the corridor curvature. Through the constructed green space network, we can find that green space planning has severe fragmentation, unfair distribution, and other problems. Based on these issues, optimizing urban green space can promote the connectivity of urban green space. Furthermore, studying the width of corridors suitable for dense urban areas is conducive to protecting urban biodiversity and resident well-being.
Determinants of Farmers’ Behavior towards Land Conservation Practices in the Upper Citarum Watershed in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sumaryanto  , Susilowati Sri Hery , Nurfatriani Fitri , Tarigan Herlina , Erwidodo  , Sudaryanto Tahlim , Perkasa Henri Wira
Published: October 2022

Erosion and pollution in the Citarum River have reached a very worrying stage. To overcome this problem, the government has launched the Citarum Harum program. One of the policies synergistic with the Citarum Harum program is the application of soil and water conservation principles in farming seasonal crops in the upper Citarum watershed (UCW). Historically, policies and programs for developing pro-conservation farming in this area have been carried out for at least three decades but have not been effective. Increasing the effectiveness of policies requires the existence of suitable instruments. Therefore, it is necessary to have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the attitudes and behavior of farmers in applying soil and water conservation. This study aims to identify the factors influencing farmers’ probabilities and participation in applying soil and water conservation techniques. A double-hurdle approach is used to identify determinants of farmers’ participation and intensity in applying conservation practices. The data were collected from samples of 244 farm households’ growing seasonal crops out of 499 farm households sample in the Bandung and West Bandung Districts. The results show that the determinants of farmer participation and intensity in the application of conservation lie in the ability to finance, land tenure and utilization, and the physical condition of the land. The level of education only affects participation opportunities, even if the increment is significant. In the future, conservation priorities must be more directed at a vegetative approach through developing synergistic perennial crops with particular efforts to convert vegetables on the sloping lands to perennial crops.
Urban Avian Conservation Planning Using Species Functional Traits and Habitat Suitability Mapping
Authors: Chin Andrew , Ruppert Jonathan , Shrestha Namrata , Fortin Marie-Josée
Published: October 2022

Urbanization adversely impacts biodiversity by reducing the quantity and quality of natural habitat areas. Additionally, the quality of natural habitat depends on its bio-physical characteristics (e.g., natural cover, impervious surfaces, urban tree canopy) as well as the functional traits of species inhabiting them (e.g., breeding/foraging habitat requirements). To better plan conservation of regional biodiversity in urbanized landscapes, it is therefore critical to assess the relationship between the landscape and the response of key Functional Trait Groups (FTGs) of species. To identify different FTGs of 116 avian species in the urbanized landscape of the Toronto region (Canada), we conducted a Functional Trait Analysis (FTA) using RLQ-fourth corner analysis. We focused on four species traits (diet, foraging, nesting, and territoriality) to identify the FTGs and their association with natural cover and landscape characteristics (landcover types, patch quality, habitat connectivity). Then, to predict FTG presence in relation to the landscape characteristics, we performed a Habitat Suitability Analysis (HSA). From this analysis, we found 21 avian FTGs with different habitat suitability values that correspond to forested patches and wetlands. The HSA for tree canopy, forest insectivore, and ground-nesting birds (or FTGs) have higher suitability values within forest patches, while aerial insectivores have higher suitability values in older residential neighborhoods indicating the value of the urban tree canopy. This methodological approach shows that by mapping habitat suitability by FTG one can identify strategic conservation areas that target multiple species, shifting efforts from a single species to a community-based functional focus. Our study highlights the conservation value of remnant and/or restored habitat patches in near urban and urban landscapes that help to maximize the persistence of regional avian biodiversity.
Wrist Hemiarthroplasty of Irreparable Distal Radius Fracture under Wide-Awake Local Anesthetic and No Tourniquet
Authors: Apard Thomas , Odoemene Melissa , Descamps Jules
Published: October 2022

Distal radius fractures (DRF) are common in elderly patients and the incidence continues to increase with the aging of the population. For irreparable fractures in the elderly, treatment with a reduction cast leads to unreliable results and frequent complications when treated with an anterior plate. Recent studies on hemiarthroplasty for elderly complex wrist fractures have resulted in good clinical and radiologic outcomes, as well as high satisfaction rates. Incorporating wide-awake local anesthesia and no tourniquet (WALANT) in surgical management is beneficial in DRF plating. This technique has not been performed in wrist hemiarthroplasty for an irreparable fracture in an elderly osteoporotic woman. This article describes the WALANT procedure for wrist hemiarthroplasty in a single case, with a detailed description of the technique.
Microaxial Left Ventricular Assist Device in Cardiogenic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tan Shien , Low Christopher , Ng Wei , Ling Ryan , Tan Chuen , Lim Shir , Cherian Robin , Lin Weiqin , Shekar Kiran , Mitra Saikat , MacLaren Graeme , Ramanathan Kollengode
Published: October 2022

Microaxial left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are increasingly used to support patients with cardiogenic shock; however, outcome results are limited to single-center studies, registry data and select reviews. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, searching three databases for relevant studies reporting on microaxial LVAD use in adults with cardiogenic shock. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis (DerSimonian and Laird) based on short-term mortality (primary outcome), long-term mortality and device complications (secondary outcomes). We assessed the risk of bias and certainty of evidence using the Joanna Briggs Institute and the GRADE approaches, respectively. A total of 63 observational studies (3896 patients), 6 propensity-score matched (PSM) studies and 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included (384 patients). The pooled short-term mortality from observational studies was 46.5% (95%-CI: 42.7–50.3%); this was 48.9% (95%-CI: 43.8–54.1%) amongst PSM studies and RCTs. The pooled mortality at 90 days, 6 months and 1 year was 41.8%, 51.1% and 54.3%, respectively. Hemolysis and access-site bleeding were the most common complications, each with a pooled incidence of around 20%. The reported mortality rate of microaxial LVADs was not significantly lower than extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP). Current evidence does not suggest any mortality benefit when compared to ECMO or IABP.
Microstructure and Wear Resistance of FeCuNiTiAl High-Entropy Alloy Coating on Ti6Al4V Substrate Fabricated by Laser Metal Deposition
Authors: Zhang Dongqi , Du Dong , Liu Guan , Pu Ze , Xue Shuai , Chang Baohua
Published: October 2022

In order to improve the hardness and wear resistance of titanium alloys, an equimolar ratio high-entropy alloy (HEA) FeCuNiTiAl coating was fabricated on the surface of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V by means of laser metal deposition for the first time. The microstructure and composition of the HEA coating and the transition zone were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results show that HEA coating and Ti6Al4V have suitable metallurgical bonding, and no defects, such as cracks, are found at the interface. The hardness of the HEA coating is between 450 and 500 HV0.5, which is about 1.5 times that of the Ti6Al4V substrate. Wear tests show that the wear rate of HEA coating is 0.89 × 10−5 mm3/(N·m), while that of Ti6Al4V reaches 53.97 × 10−5 mm3/(N·m), and the wear resistance of substrate is increased 60 times by the HEA coating. The wear mechanism of the Ti6Al4V substrate is mainly abrasive wear, and the wear mechanism of FeCuNiTiAl HEA coating is mainly adhesive wear, accompanied by slight oxidation wear and abrasive wear.
Wear Analysis of Friction Stir Processed AA7075-SiC-Graphite Hybrid Surface Composites
Authors: Patil Namdev Ashok , Pedapati Srinivasa Rao , Marode Roshan Vijay
Published: October 2022

High specific strength and superior corrosion resistance are two key characteristics of the aerospace grade AA7075-T6 alloy. However, the surface behavior of AA7075-T6 is found to be deprived, because of its behavior of being prone to fretting fatigue and adhesive wear under dry sliding conditions. Thus, surface wear behavior improvement with the retention of the microhardness of the alloy is required for increasing its wider application. For this, surface isomorphous precipitates and the soft matrix need to be protected through dispersion of hard thermally stable ceramic SiC with solid-lubricant graphite particles. The dispersion through friction stir processing (FSP) avoids detrimental phase formations by processing the metal alloy below its melting point temperature. Thus, dispersion of SiC-Graphite inside the AA7075-T6 using FSP is the focal point of the study. The low and high wear rate samples have been analyzed using SEM imaging and elemental analysis through XRD and EDS mapping. In this study, reinforcing the SiC-Gr particles greatly improved the wear behavior of the AA7075 alloy. Wear resistance has been controlled by combining soft solid lubricant Gr particles with load-bearing hard SiC nanoparticles. In dry sliding action, the base alloy matrix was severely exposed to wear, but the hard SiC nanoparticles served as load-bearing asperities and improved the wear resistance. Simultaneously, the graphite layers generated the soft solid lubricating tribofilm further to reduce the wear and friction between mating surfaces. The wear mechanisms have changed prominently from adhesion to abrasion and delamination through reinforcing the SiC-Gr reinforcements. The graphite content in a hybrid ratio with SiC hard particles was found to have improved the wear resistance by 78%. The tendency of fatigue was more effectively improved in surface composites as compared to the base alloy.
Vibration Propagation Characteristics of Micro-Milling Tools
Authors: Jia Binghui
Published: October 2022

Micro-milling tools are usually used for the 3D precision processing of micro metal parts under ultra-high speed. However, due to the structural characteristics of small scale, variable cross-section, and weak stiffness, the vibration of micro-milling tools is weak and easily mutates, which can potential cause great harm to the stability and machining accuracy of machine tools. To reveal the transfer law of micro-milling tool vibration, guiding the method selection of tool vibration measurement and providing new means for mechanical model verification; firstly, the vibration mechanics model and vibration transfer matrix of the micro-milling tool were established. The vibration propagation characteristics of the micro-milling tool were analysed in contrast with the time domain and frequency domain, taking two representative micro-milling tools, Tool A and Tool B, as examples which with different cross-sections and structural parameters. Secondly, a micro-milling tool vibration measurement experimental system was set up and a sensor array with four optical fibre displacement sensors was used to obtain the vibration displacements at different positions of the tool under pulse and start-stop excitation. Finally, the results show the following: for Tool A, the max vibration displacement of the measurement of point 1 is about 3.5 times of measurement point 2 but near 18 times the measurement of point 3; meanwhile, compared with measurement point 1, the 16.8 kHz signal disappeared in measurement point 2, measurement point 3 and measurement point 4. However, for Tool B, the max vibration displacement of measurement point 1 is about 11.24 times the measurement of point 2; in contrast, the signal strength of the measurement of point 3 and point 4 is too weak to compare and analyse, although there are three resonant frequencies (10.2 kHz, 17.6 kHz, and 26.7 Hz) of Tool B based on the signal of measurement point 1, the 26.7 kHz signal disappeared in measurement point 2. The vibration amplitude of the tool tip decreases rapidly in the process of tool transfer, a bigger ratio cross-section with bigger attenuation of vibration amplitude and smaller size will aggravate this process. This study provides a reference for the selection of measuring points of micro-milling tool vibration displacement.
A Hierarchical Energy Management Strategy for 4WD Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Authors: Guo Zhiqi , Guo Jianhua , Chu Liang , Guo Chong , Hu Jincheng , Hou Zhuoran
Published: October 2022

In the field of new energy vehicles, 4WD PHEVs show strong energy-saving potential. A single energy management strategy, nevertheless, has difficulty achieving the energy-saving potential due to the complex, nonlinear energy system of the 4WD PHEV. To cope with it, a hierarchical energy management strategy (H-EMS) for 4WD PHEVs is proposed in this paper to achieve energy management optimization. Firstly, the future speed information is predicted by the speed prediction method, and the upper energy management strategy adopts the model predictive control (MPC) based on the future speed information to carry out the power source distribution between the engine and the battery. Secondly, the lower energy management strategy performs the power component distribution of the front motor and the rear motor based on an equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). Finally, the simulation based on MATLAB/Simulink is performed, validating that the proposed method has more energy-saving capabilities, and the economy is improved by 11.87% compared with the rule-based (RB) energy management strategies.
The Modified Local Boundary Knots Method for Solution of the Two-Dimensional Advection–Diffusion Equation
Authors: Kovářík Karel , Mužík Juraj
Published: October 2022

This paper deals with a new modification of the local boundary knots method (LBKM), which will allow the irregular node distribution and the arbitrary shape of the solution domain. Unlike previous localizations, it has no requirements on the number of nodes in the support or on the number of virtual points. Owing to the limited number of virtual points, the condition number of boundary knots matrix remains relatively low. The article contains the derivation of the relations of the method for steady and unsteady states and shows its effectiveness in three control examples.
Cattle Number Estimation on Smart Pasture Based on Multi-Scale Information Fusion
Authors: Zhong Minyue , Tan Yao , Li Jie , Zhang Hongming , Yu Siyi
Published: October 2022

In order to solve the problem of intelligent management of cattle numbers in the pasture, a dataset of cattle density estimation was established, and a multi-scale residual cattle density estimation network was proposed to solve the problems of uneven distribution of cattle and large scale variations caused by perspective changes in the same image. Multi-scale features are extracted by multiple parallel dilated convolutions with different dilation rates. Meanwhile, aiming at the “grid effect” caused by the use of dilated convolution, the residual structure is combined with a small dilation rate convolution to eliminate the influence of the “grid effect”. Experiments were carried out on the cattle dataset and dense population dataset, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed multi-scale residual cattle density estimation network achieves the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) and means square error (RMSE) on the cattle dataset compared with other density estimation methods. In ShanghaiTech, a dense population dataset, the density estimation results of the multi-scale residual network are also optimal or suboptimal in MAE and RMSE.
Convexity, Starlikeness, and Prestarlikeness of Wright Functions
Authors: Liu Dong , Din Muhey U , Raza Mohsan , Malik Sarfraz Nawaz , Tang Huo
Published: October 2022

This article deals with the normalized Wright function and its geometric properties. In particular, we find sufficiency criteria for close-to-convexity with respect to starlike function ς1−ς2. We also find conditions such that the normalized Wright function is starlike. The convexity along the imaginary axis and starlikeness of a certain order is also a part of our discussion. Moreover, we study the bounded turning of the partial sums and prestarlikeness of this function. We use positivity techniques to obtain these results.
A Matlab Toolbox for Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition Based on Orthogonal Polynomials and p-q Quasi-Norm Order Reduction
Authors: Garcia-Tenorio Camilo , Vande Wouwer Alain
Published: October 2022

Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) allows an approximation of the Koopman operator to be derived in the form of a truncated (finite dimensional) linear operator in a lifted space of (nonlinear) observable functions. EDMD can operate in a purely data-driven way using either data generated by a numerical simulator of arbitrary complexity or actual experimental data. An important question at this stage is the selection of basis functions to construct the observable functions, which in turn is determinant of the sparsity and efficiency of the approximation. In this study, attention is focused on orthogonal polynomial expansions and an order-reduction procedure called p-q quasi-norm reduction. The objective of this article is to present a Matlab library to automate the computation of the EDMD based on the above-mentioned tools and to illustrate the performance of this library with a few representative examples.
The Calculation of the Probability Density and Distribution Function of a Strictly Stable Law in the Vicinity of Zero
Authors: Saenko Viacheslav V.
Published: October 2022

The problem of calculating the probability density and distribution function of a strictly stable law is considered at x→0. The expansions of these values into power series were obtained to solve this problem. It was shown that in the case α<1, the obtained series were asymptotic at x→0; in the case α>1, they were convergent; and in the case α=1 in the domain |x|<1, these series converged to an asymmetric Cauchy distribution. It has been shown that at x→0 the obtained expansions can be successfully used to calculate the probability density and distribution function of strictly stable laws.
Sharp Coefficient Problems of Functions with Bounded Turnings Subordinated by Sigmoid Function
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Marwa Safa , Xin Qin , Tchier Fairouz , Ayaz Muhammad , Malik Sarfraz Nawaz
Published: October 2022

This study deals with analytic functions with bounded turnings, defined in the disk Od=z:z<1. These functions are subordinated by sigmoid function 21+e−z and their class is denoted by BTSg. Sharp coefficient inequalities, including the third Hankel determinant for class BTSg, were investigated here. The same was also included for the logarithmic coefficients related to functions of the class BTSg.
Algorithms for Space Mapping Method on Spline Spaces over Modified Hierarchical T-Meshes
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Zhang Li , Zhang Weihong
Published: October 2022

The space-mapping method provides a novel method for dimension formulae explanation and basis construction for the spline space over hierarchical T-meshes. By the space-mapping method, we provide a unique basis construction framework that incorporates basis modification of the spline space over modified hierarchical T-meshes. The subdivision rules on the modified hierarchical T-meshes are given to prevent the redundant edges that exist on hierarchical T-meshes. In the basis construction framework, we describe the spline-modification mechanism over the modified hierarchical T-mesh when the cells of the corresponding crossing vertex relationship graph (CVR graph) are adjusted. We provide the framework’s algorithms for basis construction and modification. Moreover, we discuss the application of the splines that are constructed by the framework to surface reconstruction with adaptive refinement. In comparison to splines over hierarchical T-meshes, the modified hierarchical T-meshes have fewer cells subdivided when achieving similar accuracy.
Representation of Lipschitz Maps and Metric Coordinate Systems
Authors: Arnau Roger , Calabuig Jose M. , Sánchez Pérez Enrique A.
Published: October 2022

Here, we prove some general results that allow us to ensure that specific representations (as well as extensions) of certain Lipschitz operators exist, provided we have some additional information about the underlying space, in the context of what we call enriched metric spaces. In this conceptual framework, we introduce some new classes of Lipschitz operators whose definition depends on the notion of metric coordinate system, which are defined by specific dominance inequalities involving summations of distances between certain points in the space. We analyze “Pietsch Theorem inspired factorizations" through subspaces of ℓ∞ and L1, which are proved to characterize when a given metric space is Lipschitz isomorphic to a metric subspace of these spaces. As an application, extension results for Lipschitz maps that are obtained by a coordinate-wise adaptation of the McShane–Whitney formulas, are also given.
Exponential Stability of Switched Neural Networks with Partial State Reset and Time-Varying Delays
Authors: Pan Han , Zhang Wenbing , Yu Luyang
Published: October 2022

This paper mainly investigates the exponential stability of switched neural networks (SNNs) with partial state reset and time-varying delays, in which partial state reset means that only a fraction of the states can be reset at each switching instant. Moreover, both stable and unstable subsystems are also taken into account and therefore, switched systems under consideration can take several switched systems as special cases. The comparison principle, the Halanay-like inequality, and the time-dependent switched Lyapunov function approach are used to obtain sufficient conditions to ensure that the considered SNNs with delays and partial state reset are exponentially stable. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the reliability of the developed results.
On the Classification of Telescopic Numerical Semigroups of Some Fixed Multiplicity
Authors: Wang Ying , Binyamin Muhammad Ahsan , Amin Iqra , Aslam Adnan , Rao Yongsheng
Published: October 2022

The telescopic numerical semigroups are a subclass of symmetric numerical semigroups widely used in algebraic geometric codes. Suer and Ilhan gave the classification of triply generated telescopic numerical semigroups up to multiplicity 10 and by using this classification they computed some important invariants in terms of the minimal system of generators. In this article, we extend the results of Suer and Ilhan for telescopic numerical semigroups of multiplicities 8 and 12 with embedding dimension four. Furthermore, we compute two important invariants namely the Frobenius number and genus for these classes in terms of the minimal system of generators.
Nonlocal Impulsive Fractional Integral Boundary Value Problem for (ρk,ϕk)-Hilfer Fractional Integro-Differential Equations
Authors: Kaewsuwan Marisa , Phuwapathanapun Rachanee , Sudsutad Weerawat , Alzabut Jehad , Thaiprayoon Chatthai , Kongson Jutarat
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we establish the existence and stability results for the (ρk,ϕk)-Hilfer fractional integro-differential equations under instantaneous impulse with non-local multi-point fractional integral boundary conditions. We achieve the formulation of the solution to the (ρk,ϕk)-Hilfer fractional differential equation with constant coefficients in term of the Mittag–Leffler kernel. The uniqueness result is proved by applying Banach’s fixed point theory with the Mittag–Leffler properties, and the existence result is derived by using a fixed point theorem due to O’Regan. Furthermore, Ulam–Hyers stability and Ulam–Hyers–Rassias stability results are demonstrated via the non-linear functional analysis method. In addition, numerical examples are designed to demonstrate the application of the main results.
Preparation, Anticoagulant and Antioxidant Properties of Glucosamine-Heparin Salt
Authors: Miao Qin , Li Qing , Tan Wenqiang , Mi Yingqi , Ma Bing , Zhang Jingjing , Guo Zhanyong
Published: October 2022

Excessive inorganic ions in vivo may lead to electrolyte disorders and induce damage to the human body. Therefore, preparation of enhanced bioactivity compounds, composed of activated organic cations and organic anions, is of great interest among researchers. In this work, glucosamine-heparin salt (GHS) was primarily synthesized with positively charged glucosamine hydrochloride (GAH) and negatively charged heparin sodium (Heps) by ion exchange method. Then, the detailed structural information of the GHS was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR spectroscopy and ICP-MS. In addition, its anticoagulant potency and antioxidant properties were evaluated, respectively. The results demonstrated that GHS salt achieved enhanced antioxidant activities, including 98.78% of O2•− radical scavenging activity, 91.23% of •OH radical scavenging rate and 66.49% of DPPH radical scavenging capacity at 1.6 mg/mL, severally. Meanwhile, anticoagulant potency (ATTP) of GHS strengthened from 153.10 ± 17.14 to 180.03 ± 6.02 at 0.75 μmol/L. Thus, introducing cationic glucosamine residues into GHS could improve its anticoagulant activity. The findings suggest that GHS product with a small amount of inorganic ions can greatly abate the prime cost of antioxidants and anticoagulants, and has significant economic benefits and practical significance.
Surgical and Radiological Differences in Intersphenoid Sinus Septation and the Prevalence of Onodi Cells with the Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Approach
Authors: Kang Yun Jin , Lee Il Hwan , Kim Sung Won , Kim Do Hyun
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives: Understanding the anatomical variation in the sphenoid sinus is important to fully expose the sellar floor and clivus. Materials and Methods: The Onodi cell and intersphenoid sinus septation based on preoperative paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNS CT) and the surgical records of 877 patients who underwent the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETSA) were retrospectively reviewed. Results: An intersphenoid sinus septum (ISS) blocking the clivus was defined as a pseudoclivus. Complete and incomplete pseudoclivuses were found in 2.97% and 10.5% of patients, respectively. Intraoperative and PNS CT ISS findings differed in 17.1% of patients. Misconceptions regarding a ridge or vertical ISS and confusion between an incomplete pseudoclivus and a vertical ISS were common. Conclusions: Because intraoperative and PNS CT findings may differ, anatomical variation in the paraclival area should be evaluated carefully. A pseudoclivus mimicking the clivus is important to attain a fully exposed EETSA surgical view.
Exploring the Current Technologies Essential for Health and Safety in the Ghanaian Construction Industry
Authors: Agyekum Kofi , Pittri Hayford , Botchway Edward Ayebeng , Amudjie Judith , Kumah Victoria Maame Afriyie , Kotei-Martin Jenefailus Nikoi , Oduro Reindolf Animapauh
Published: October 2022

Technology has undoubtedly played a vital role in improving construction procedures and processes for many years. However, its application for health and safety monitoring and management has not been fully exploited in the Ghanaian construction industry. This study aims at exploring the current technologies essential for health and safety in the Ghanaian construction industry. Three specific objectives are set: (1) to identify the current health and safety technologies important in the Ghanaian construction industry; (2) to examine the level of utilization of the current health and safety technologies in the Ghanaian construction industry; (3) to identify the barriers to the adoption of the current health and safety technologies in the construction industry. A structured questionnaire is used to solicit the views of 123 construction professionals who double as health and safety officers in large construction firms in Ghana. The questions are developed through a critical comparative review of the related literature. The data are analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings reveal that key among the current technologies important for health and safety in the Ghanaian construction industry are wearable safety devices, geographic information systems, sensing technologies, virtual reality, and BIM. The findings further reveal a moderate level of usage of the key technologies among construction professionals in Ghana. Key among the barriers to the adoption of these technologies for health and safety in the Ghanaian construction industry are the factors ‘excess costs related to acquiring new technologies’, ‘weak innovation culture’, ‘lack of continuous training of the workforce in adapting to the technologies’, ‘resistance to change with aging workforce’, and ‘little or no governmental support and regulations for the use of the technologies’. The findings from this study provide insight into the ever-increasing state-of-the-art technologies used in the construction industry.
The Protective Effects of Nutraceutical Components in Methotrexate-Induced Toxicity Models—An Overview
Authors: Marin Gheorghe-Eduard , Neag Maria-Adriana , Burlacu Codrin-Constantin , Buzoianu Anca-Dana
Published: October 2022

There are multiple concerns associated with methotrexate (MTX), widely recognized for anti-neoplastic and anti-inflammatory effects in life-threatening disease conditions, i.e., acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis, due to long-term side effects and associated toxicity, which limits its valuable potential. MTX acts as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, leading to suppression of purine and pyrimidine synthesis in high metabolic and turnover cells, targeting cancer and dysregulated immune cells. Due to low discrimination between neoplastic cells and naturally high turnover cells, MTX is prone to inhibiting the division of all fast-dividing cells, causing toxicity in multiple organs. Nutraceutical compounds are plant-based or food-derived compounds, used for their preventive and therapeutic role, ascertained in multiple organ dysfunctions, including cardiovascular disease, ischemic stroke, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites take part in multiple physiological processes, their dysregulation being involved in disease pathogenesis. Modulation of gut microbiota by using nutraceutical compounds represents a promising therapeutic direction to restore intestinal dysfunction associated with MTX treatment. In this review, we address the main organ dysfunctions induced by MTX treatment, and modulations of them by using nutraceutical compounds. Moreover, we revealed the protective mechanisms of nutraceuticals in MTX-induced intestinal dysfunctions by modulation of gut microbiota.