bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tissue Regeneration Requires Edema Fluid Clearance by Compensatory Lymphangiogenesis in Zebrafish
Authors: Olayinka Olamide , Ryu Hannah , Wang Xiaowei , Malik Asrar B. , Jung Hyun Min
Published: May 2024

Lymphangiogenesis is essential for tissue regeneration and edema clearance, and delayed or failed lymphangiogenesis is a critical cause of impaired healing. However, elucidating the dynamic changes in lymphangiogenesis during tissue regeneration in animal models in real-time has been challenging; thus, the mechanisms of compensatory lymphatic activation for edema clearance remain unclear. To address this, zebrafish were subjected to osmotic stress using a hypertonic solution (375 mOsm/L) and hypotonic solution (37.5 mOsm/L) to induce tissue damage followed by edema formation. Intravital imaging ofTg(mrc1a:egfp; kdrl:mcherry)larvae unveiled substantial lymphatic vessel remodeling during tissue regeneration. The increase of lymphatic endothelial progenitor cells accompanied by sustained expansion and remodeling of primary lymphatics during recovery suggested active lymphangiogenesis during tissue repair. We developed a novel method using translating ribosome affinity purification to scrutinize the translatome of lymphatic endothelial cellsin vivo. This analysis revealed the upregulation of key pro-lymphangiogenic genes, notably vegfr2 and vegfr3, during tissue regeneration. Pharmacological inhibition of these Vegfr2/Vegfr3 prevented compensatory lymphangiogenesis and impaired healing. Our findings provide a new model ofin vivolive imaging of regenerative lymphangiogenesis, presenting a novel approach to investigating lymphatic activation during tissue regeneration.
A science-driven approach to optimize the design for a biological small-angle neutron scattering instrument
Authors: Wildgruber Christoph U. , Qian Shuo , Chen Serena H. , Herwig Kenneth W. , Urban Volker S. , O'Neill Hugh
Published: May 2024

Biological small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) instruments facilitate critical analysis of the structure and dynamics of complex biological systems. However, with the growth of experimental demands and the advances in optical systems design, a new neutron optical concept is necessary to overcome the limitations of current instruments. This work presents an approach to include experimental objectives (i.e. the science to be supported by a specific neutron scattering instrument) in the optimization of the neutron optical concept. The approach for a proposed SANS instrument at the Second Target Station of the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA, is presented here. The instrument is simulated with the McStas software package. The optimization process is driven by an evolutionary algorithm using McStas output data, which are processed to calculate an objective function designed to quantify the expected performance of the simulated neutron optical configuration for the intended purpose. Each McStas simulation covers the complete instrument, from source to detector, including realistic sample scattering functions. This approach effectively navigates a high-dimensional parameter space that is otherwise intractable; it allows the design of next-generation SANS instruments to address specific scientific cases and has the potential to increase instrument performance compared with traditional design approaches.
A qualitative analysis of student reflections on public health internships
Authors: Teng Cecilia Woon Chien , Lim Raymond Boon Tar , Tan Claire Gek Ling
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Reflective practice (RP) is a key skill for developing one’s professional practice. It has, however, not been unanimously prioritised in public health (PH) competency and education frameworks. Reflection activities are often unstructured in higher education. There is also a dearth of literature on the RPs of undergraduate PH students. This study aims to explore in greater depth how RP helps undergraduate PH students explore their own learning in internships.

Design/methodology/approach

Reflection prompts were designed using the DEAL model. 124 written reflection entries from 32 students were collected and analysed thematically using a deductive-inductive approach. The conceptual framework of internship learning goals by Ash and Clayton (2009) was used to guide the deductive analysis.

Findings

Three themes were identified: initial engagement with reflective learning; gradual integration of reflective learning, and a transformative phase involving professional development, personal growth, civic learning, growth through struggle, being confronted with differences in expectations, and skill acquisition.

Originality/value

This study extends the limited evidence regarding RP in undergraduate non-medical PH education, and contributes toward informing the revision of undergraduate PH programmes, for example, by integrating structured reflection earlier in the curricula, and establishing/supporting mentorship programmes between institutions. The findings call for PH educators to be more intentional in creating opportunities to nurture RP among budding PH professionals.
Paradox of GPO size and a hospital’s relative power for purchasing efficiency and the moderating role of system membership
Authors: Kim Yoon Hee , Sharma Luv , Walker Daniel M.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Extant research documents the cost benefits of group purchasing organizations (GPOs) to member hospitals, but understudies concerns about the market dominance of a few large GPOs and the relatively weakened buyer power of hospitals in the US healthcare product supply chain. To fill the gap in the literature, this study investigates whether GPO size and a hospital’s relative power to its GPO affect the hospital’s supply expenses, and whether and how system membership moderates the power–performance link.

Design/methodology/approach

For this study, we collect the panel data from various secondary sources on GPO–hospital dyads, which include the seven largest GPOs and their 2,590 unique acute care hospital members in 51 states over the period of 2009–2017. To address the endogeneity issue associated with simultaneity, we establish a one-year time lag between dependent and independent variables and analyzed the 15,527 hospital-year observations using the time-series regression with fixed-effect.

Findings

We find that a hospital’s relative power to its GPO is the most critical factor to reduce its supply cost while GPO size has no effects. We also find that a nonsystem hospital achieves greater cost savings by leveraging its relative power to its GPO while a system hospital gains no benefits.

Originality/value

To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to address the paradox of GPO size and a hospital’s relative power and the moderating role of system membership for the hospital’s purchasing efficiency using a large nation-wide dataset of US hospitals–GPO dyads.
A non‐antibiotic erythromycin derivative improves muscle endurance by regulating endogenous anti‐fatigue protein orosomucoid in mice
Authors: Feng Jiayi , Wan Jingjing , Guo Pengyue , Sun Yang , Chen Fei , Chen Yi , Sun Qingyan , Zhang Weidong , Liu Xia
Published: May 2024

At present, there are no official approved drugs for improving muscle endurance. Our previous research found acute phase protein orosomucoid (ORM) is an endogenous anti‐fatigue protein, and macrolides antibiotics erythromycin can elevate ORM level to increase muscle bioenergetics and endurance parameters. Here, we further designed, synthesized and screened a new erythromycin derivative named HMS‐01, which lost its antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo. Data showed that HMS‐01 could time‐ and dose‐dependently prolong mice forced‐swimming time and running time, and improve fatigue index in isolated soleus muscle. Moreover, HMS‐01 treatment could increase the glycogen content, mitochondria number and function in liver and skeletal muscle, as well as ORM level in these tissues and sera. In Orm‐deficient mice, the anti‐fatigue and glycogen‐elevation activity of HMS‐01 disappeared. Therefore, HMS‐01 might act as a promising small molecule drug targeting ORM to enhance muscle endurance.
Determinants and outcomes of preterm births in Nigerian tertiary facilities
Authors: Fajolu Iretiola Bamikeolu , Dedeke Iyabode Olabisis Florence , Oluwasola Timothy A. , Oyeneyin Lawal , Imam Zainab , Ogundare Ezra , Campbell Ibijoke , Akinkunmi Bola , Ayegbusi Ekundayo O. , Agelebe Efeturi , Adefemi Ayodeji K. , Awonuga David , Jagun Olusoji , Salau Qasim , Kuti Bankole , Tongo Olukemi Oluwatoyin , Adebayo Tajudeen , Adebanjo‐Aina Damilola , Adenuga Emmanuel , Adewumi Idowu , Lavin Tina , Tukur Jamilu , Adesina Olubukola
Published: May 2024

Objective

To describe the incidence, and sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with preterm birth and perinatal mortality in Nigeria.

Design

Secondary analysis of data collected through the Maternal Perinatal Database for Quality, Equity and Dignity (MPD‐4‐QED) Programme.

Setting

Data from births in 54 referral‐level hospitals across Nigeria between 1 September 2019 and 31 August 2020.

Population

A total of 69 698 births.

Methods

Multilevel modelling was used to determine the factors associated with preterm birth and perinatal mortality.

Outcome measures

Preterm birth and preterm perinatal mortality.

Results

Of 62 383 live births, 9547 were preterm (153 per 1000 live births). Maternal age (<20 years – adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.52, 95% CI 1.36–1.71; >35 years – aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.16–1.30), no formal education (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.54–1.84), partner not gainfully employed (aOR 1.94, 95% CI 1.61–2.34) and no antenatal care (aOR 2.62, 95% CI 2.42–2.84) were associated with preterm births. Early neonatal mortality for preterm neonates was 47.2 per 1000 preterm live births (451/9547). Father's occupation (manual labour aOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.20–1.93), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.02–1.83), no antenatal care (aOR 2.74, 95% CI 2.04–3.67), earlier gestation (28 to <32 weeks – aOR 2.94, 95% CI 2.15–4.10; 32 to <34 weeks – aOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.3–2.44) and birthweight <1000 g (aOR 21.35, 95% CI 12.54–36.33) were associated with preterm perinatal mortality.

Conclusions

Preterm birth and perinatal mortality in Nigeria are high. Efforts should be made to enhance access to quality health care during pregnancy, delivery and the neonatal period, and improve the parental socio‐economic status.
Mould allergen Alt a 1 spiked with the micronutrient retinoic acid reduces Th2 response and ameliorates Alternaria allergy in BALB/c mice
Authors: Fakhimahmadi Aila , Roth‐Walter Franziska , Hofstetter Gerlinde , Wiederstein Markus , Jensen Sebastian A. , Berger Markus , Szepannek Nathalie , Bianchini Rodolfo , Pali‐Schöll Isabella , Jensen‐Jarolim Erika , Hufnagl Karin
Published: May 2024

Background

We investigated the biological function of the mould allergen Alt a 1 as a carrier of micronutrients, such as the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) and the influence of RA binding on its allergenicity in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

Alt a 1‐RA complex formation was analyzed in silico and in vitro. PBMCs from Alternaria‐allergic donors were stimulated with Alt a 1 complexed with RA (holo‐Alt a 1) or empty apo‐Alt a 1 and analyzed for cytokine production and CD marker expression. Serum IgE‐binding and crosslinking assays to apo‐ and holo‐protein were correlated to B‐cell epitope analysis. Female BALB/c mice already sensitized to Alt a 1 were intranasally treated with apo‐Alt a 1, holo‐Alt a 1 or RA alone before measuring anaphylactic response, serum antibody levels, splenic cytokines and CD marker expression.

Results

In silico docking calculations and in vitro assays showed that the extent of RA binding depended on the higher quaternary state of Alt a 1. Holo‐Alt a 1 loaded with RA reduced IL‐13 released from PBMCs and CD3+CD4+CRTh2 cells. Complexing Alt a 1 to RA masked its IgE B‐cell epitopes and reduced its IgE‐binding capacity. In a therapeutic mouse model of Alternaria allergy nasal application of holo‐Alt a 1, but not of apo‐Alt a 1, significantly impeded the anaphylactic response, impaired splenic antigen‐presenting cells and induced IL‐10 production.

Conclusion

Holo‐Alt a 1 binding to RA was able to alleviate Th2 immunity in vitro, modulate an ongoing Th2 response and prevent anaphylactic symptoms in vivo, presenting a novel option for improving allergen‐specific immunotherapy in Alternaria allergy.
Quality‐of‐life outcomes of the ROBOtic‐assisted versus Conventional Open Partial nephrectomy (ROBOCOP) II trial
Authors: Sidoti Abate Marie Angela , Menold Hanna Saskia , Neuberger Manuel , Kirchner Marietta , Haney Caelan Max , Nuhn Philipp , Westhoff Niklas , Honeck Patrick , Michel Maurice‐Stephan , Kriegmair Maximilian Christian , Kowalewski Karl‐Friedrich
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To comprehensively compare quality‐of‐life (QoL) outcomes between open partial nephrectomy (OPN) and robot‐assisted PN (RAPN) from the randomised ROBOtic‐assisted versus Conventional Open Partial nephrectomy (ROBOCOP) II trial, as QoL data comparing OPN and RAPN are virtually non‐existent, especially not from randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Patients and Methods

The ROBOCOP II was a single‐centre, open‐label RCT between OPN and RAPN. The pre‐planned analyses of QoL outcomes are presented. Data were analysed descriptively in a modified intention‐to‐treat population.

Results

A total of 50 patients underwent surgery. At postoperative Day 90 (POD90), there was no significant difference for the Kidney Disease Quality of Life‐Short Form questionnaire score (mean [sd] OPN 72 [20] vs RAPN 76 [15], P = 0.850), while there were advantages for RAPN in the subdomains of ‘Pain’ (P = 0.006) and ‘Physical functioning’ (P = 0.011) immediately after surgery. For the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire 30‐item core there were overall advantages directly after surgery (mean [sd] score OPN 63 [20] vs RAPN 75 [17], P = 0.031), as well as for the subdomains ‘Fatigue’ (P = 0.026), ‘Pain’ (P = 0.002) and ‘Constipation’ (P = 0.045) but no differences at POD90. There were no differences for the EuroQoL five Dimensions five Levels questionnaire at POD90 (mean [sd] score OPN 70 [22] vs RAPN 72 [17], P = 1.0) or at any other time point. Finally, no significant differences were found for the overall Convalescence and Recovery Evaluation questionnaire score at POD90 (mean [sd] OPN 84 [13] vs RAPN 86 [10], P = 0.818) but less pain in the RAPN group (P = 0.017) directly after surgery.

Conclusions

Pain and physical functioning as subdomains of QoL are improved after RAPN compared to OPN in the early postoperative course, while there are no differences anymore after 3 months.
Early identification of postoperative remission for thyrotropin‐secreting adenomas
Authors: Fan Linling , Wang Zhihong , Sun Wanwan , Cui Qiaoli , Wu Wei , Xiang Boni , Ma Zengyi , Wu Yue , Wang Yongfei , Zhang Zhaoyun , Li Yiming , He Min , Ye Hongying
Published: May 2024

Objective

Thyrotropin‐secreting adenoma (TSHoma) is a rare type of pituitary adenoma, occurring in one per million people. Little is known about TSHoma. We summarized the demographic, clinical and hormonal characteristics of TSHoma based on a single‐centre experience. Moreover, we explored the predictive value of postoperative thyroid function for long‐term remission.

Design, Patients and Measurements

We retrospectively analysed 63 patients who were diagnosed as TSHoma and surgically treated at our hospital from January 2015 to June 2021. The preoperative clinical characteristics were analysed and compared between remission and nonremission groups. Thyroid function was measured at 1 day, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and over 12 months after surgery to determine whether they could predict long‐term remission.

Results

The male to female ratio for TSHoma was 1.25. The mean age at diagnosis was 45 ± 12 years. Clinical presentation was varied, presenting with hyperthyroidism (68.25%), space‐occupying effect (15.87%), amenorrhea (7.14% of female patients) and nonsymptoms (22.22%). 88.14% of patients achieved postoperative endocrinological remission. Larger tumour size and tumour invasion into cavernous sinus and suprasellar with chiasmal compression were strong predictors of lower rates of endocrinological remission. Postoperative thyroid function at 3 months was a viable diagnostic predictor for postoperative remission, especially for FT4 level with a 20.65 pmol/L cutoff.

Conclusions

Tumour size and extent are major prognostic factors for remission. Postoperative thyroid function at 3 months could be used as a clinical prediction tool for long‐term endocrinological remission.
Characteristics of and foundation application among Chinese females with sensitive skin
Authors: Kuang Xinjue , Cai Jiajing , Li Yingqi , Yang Xiaoxiao , Zi Huimin , Wang Feifei , Yi Fan
Published: May 2024

Objective

We conducted a study on women with sensitive skin of various skin tones to analyse their skin characteristics and preferences for foundation shades.

Methods

Volunteers were categorized based on their individual typological angle, and their preferences were assessed using self‐perception and software‐based mass aesthetic assessment. The Baumann Questionnaire is a valuable tool for identifying patients with sensitive skin and gaining a comprehensive understanding of their skin sensitivity. The skin characteristics of two groups were compared using a more suitable classification method.

Results

Individuals diagnosed with sensitive skin typically have skin tones classified as Types I, II and III, with Type I being the most common in sensitive skin cases. The sensitive group exhibited higher levels of transepidermal water loss, lighter skin tone, lower yellowness, increased glossiness, higher haemoglobin content, more acne, fewer blackheads, and fewer pores. Among them, Type I skin is characterized by lower elasticity, increased oiliness, higher hydration levels and fewer visible pores. Type II skin is characterized by lower hydration levels, higher oiliness and increased redness. Type III exhibits more pores, decreased oiliness and enhanced elasticity. Foundations No. 2 and No. 3 are fairer than foundations No. 1 and No. 4. In the self‐assessment, Type I and Type II subjects preferred No. 3, while Type III subjects preferred No. 1 and No. 4 because they matched their skin tone. The results of the software evaluation showed that popular aesthetics preferred Type I and Type II to use No. 2, and Type III to use No. 2 and No. 3, as they resulted in a fairer complexion.

Conclusion

Sensitive skin of different skin tone types confronts different skin problems. The findings also highlight the public's inclination towards lighter foundation shades, despite the common practice of selecting shades that harmonize with one's inherent skin tone.
Allergens grouping names on packaging: Are the substances similar enough to ensure safety? The worst case scenarios question this
Authors: Vandamme C. , Guillaume M. , Pirnay S.
Published: May 2024

Objective

European Commission Regulation (EU) n°2023/1545 introduced the concept of grouping names in the cosmetics sector in July 2023. These groups bring together allergenic substances with the same level of skin sensitization. Their purpose is to lighten the list of ingredients on cosmetic packaging, by grouping together substances deemed to be similar under the same name. As this classification is based on a single toxic effect − skin sensitization − the present study aims to analyse the relevance of these groupings with regard to other toxic effects of substances in the same group.

Methods

This study was carried out by consulting an available database, various reports from 5 committees, 2 books and 5 articles in order to complete the toxicological profile of each substance. Then, in order to highlight any discrepancies within the classification, the worst cases were identified. For this purpose, the data for each substance in a group were compared, and in the event of greater criticality for a toxic effect, this was qualified as a worst case. In addition, similar toxic effects between several substances within the same group were also recorded. The aim of this additional research was to validate the definition of the grouping name and the similarities between substances in the same group.

Results

From the 17 grouping names, 5 presented worst cases. Two groups had 2 worst cases and the others only one. In total, from the 7 worst cases detected, 3 were due to the toxic effect “skin irritation”. In most cases, the substances in the groupings shared the presence or absence of risk. Only the degree of risk criticality varied.

Conclusion

Classification by grouping names appears justified regarding the similarities between substances, particularly in terms of skin sensitization. However, the presence of worst cases qualifies it and highlights the importance of being vigilant when assessing the risk of cosmetic products including these grouping names in their list of ingredients.
Unsettling Environmentalism
Authors: Zachariah George
Published: May 2024

Decolonial ecological imaginations entail a critical interrogation of mainstream environmentalism to unmask and unsettle it. These reflections expose how mainstream environmentalism legitimizes and perpetuates the colonization of the Earth and subaltern and Indigenous communities. Mainstream environmentalism is a colonial project to perpetuate the interests of settler colonialism and racial capitalism. This calls for a new search for decolonial and alternative ecological reimagination, informed by the epistemologies and eco‐politics of the Indigenous and subaltern communities and other grassroots social movements. Decolonial ecological imaginations involve the task of contesting and unsettling settler colonialism, extractive/exploitative capitalism, white supremacy, and all ideologies and practices of domination and exclusion.
Discipleship in Contemporary Mission
Authors: Tulak Semuel
Published: May 2024

This article explores the concept and practice of discipleship in contemporary missions. Discipleship in mission reflection has emerged in recent years within the scope of the World Council of Churches and the Asian Christian Conference. The practice of intentional discipleship is carried out not only by churches or parachurches but also by communities of Jesus followers who adhere to non‐Christian religions. They remained in their religion but professed to believe in and accept Jesus Christ as their Lord and Saviour. They study individually or together in a community to grow in the proper knowledge of Christ and know what God wants them to do in their daily lives. This article presents several case examples, mainly from Indonesia, resulting from the author's research.
A Decolonial Syncretism of Unity
Authors: Green Michael
Published: May 2024

The term syncretism has had a metamorphic history in terms of its meaning, starting as positive with Plutarch, to being positive and negative during the Reformation, and then becoming neutral and negative after the Reformation to becoming decidedly negative from the 1920s onward. Despite advances in interpreting syncretism in more neutral or positive ways, the word's meaning and function remain imprecise. Central to the fog surrounding the word is its implicit meaning of some type of mixture, whether negative, neutral, or positive. The question then becomes, “Is mixture a valid central meaning of the word?” More importantly, can the suspicious lens of decolonialism offer insight into redefining it and also give direction as to how it could function? This article studies the development of the term, examines current scholarship within the World Council of Churches, and situates syncretism within the larger context of the decolonial discussion in trying to redefine it in light of its original meaning.
The impact of a patient‐centred care pathway for patients treated with oral anticancer drugs: A multicentre pre−posttest study in Flanders
Authors: Kenis Ilyse , Van Hecke Ann , Foulon Veerle
Published: May 2024

Rationale

In the Collaborative Network To Take Responsibility for Oral Anticancer Therapy (CONTACT) project, an evidence‐based and patient‐centred care(PCC) pathway was implemented in 12 oncology departments in Flanders. The care pathway was developed in cocreation by an interdisciplinary project team, and tailored to the local hospital context.

Aims and Objectives

In this study, the impact of the care pathways on quality of PCC and other patient outcomes was investigated.

Method

A pre−posttest study was performed in nine of the participating oncology departments. The primary outcome was quality of PCC. Furthermore, level of patient self‐management, medication adherence, satisfaction with information about the oral anticancer drug and quality of life were measured as secondary outcomes. Linear mixed models were used to investigate differences in outcomes between the pre‐ and posttest group.

Results

Quality of PCC, as well as all secondary outcomes improved after implementation of the care pathway. However, the changes in pre‐ and posttest scores were not significant. The overall quality of PCC increased from 3.72 to 3.88, measured on a five‐point Likert scale (p = 0.124).

Conclusion

This study showed small, however, no significant improvements in the quality of PCC and other patient outcomes. The lack of significant changes can be attributed to the complexity of the care pathway development, poor or unstable implementation of the care pathway and limited changes in follow‐up care. More insight in the actual implementation of the care pathway and potential contextual factors influencing its effect is needed to help understand the outcomes of this pre−posttest study.
A low baseline serum myostatin concentration is associated with poor clinical outcome in patients with primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Hayashi Manabu , Abe Kazumichi , Sugaya Tatsuro , Takahata Yosuke , Fujita Masashi , Takahashi Atsushi , Ohira Hiromasa
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune‐mediated cholestatic liver disease that can progress to biliary cirrhosis and liver‐related death. The associations between baseline myostatin levels and clinical outcomes in PBC patients are unknown. We aimed to clarify the influence of myostatin levels on the clinical outcomes of PBC patients.

Methods

A total of 119 PBC patients were analyzed in this study. Myostatin levels were measured in stored sera before ursodeoxycholic acid treatment, and their associations with the clinical features and prognosis of PBC patients were analyzed. We analyzed the correlation between serum myostatin and chemokines/cytokines.

Results

Serum myostatin was significantly lower in PBC patients (2343 pg/mL) than in healthy controls (4059 pg/mL, P < 0.001). The prevalence of patients with low myostatin levels increased according to the severity of histological fibrosis. The serum myostatin concentration was negatively correlated with the IL‐6 and leucine‐rich α2 glycoprotein levels, but the chemokine concentration was not correlated with the myostatin concentration. Low myostatin in PBC patients was associated with shorter survival without liver‐related complications (hazard ratio [HR], 3.598; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–10.1; P = 0.015) and shorter transplant‐free survival (HR, 3.129; 95% CI, 1.02–9.56; P = 0.045) independent of pretreatment GLOBE score. Patients with both high pretreatment GLOBE scores and low myostatin levels had poor prognoses (log–rank test: P < 0.001).

Conclusions

A low serum myostatin concentration at diagnosis was associated with poor clinical outcomes. Assessment of circulating myostatin levels may improve the prediction of outcomes in patients with PBC.
Clear cell hidradenoma of the breast with MAML2 gene rearrangement
Authors: Luo Li , Hu Yanping
Published: May 2024

Clear cell hidradenoma is a rare benign tumor of the breast, its origin and pathogenesis are controversial. We have experienced a case of breast clear cell hidradenoma with mastermind like transcriptional coactivator 2 (MAML2) gene rearrangement. The patient found a painless mass with a hard texture in the left breast areola without nipple discharge. Microscopically, the tumor was cystic and solid, locally arranged in a glandular structure, covered by single cuboidal cells; it was composed of clear cells, epidermoid cells, and basaloid cells; there were no necrosis or mitotic figures. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor cells positively expressed low‐molecular cytokeratin 7, low‐molecular cytokeratins (Cam5.2), high‐molecular cytokeratin 5/6, cytokeratin 14, CD117, and p63; and did not express calponin, and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. The cuboidal cells were positive for SOX10 but negative for p63. Additionally, periodic acid‐Schiff reaction showed purple‐red granules in the tumor cytoplasm, but Alcian blue staining showed no blue mucus in the cytoplasm. The split signals of MAML2 gene were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Subtle histological and immunophenotypical differences may help to distinguish breast clear cell hidradenoma from common breast tumors. Furthermore, the MAML2 gene rearrangement may be a molecular genetic characteristic of breast clear cell hidradenoma.
Soil property differences and irrigated‐cotton lint yield—Cause and effect? An on‐farm case study across three cotton‐growing regions in Australia
Authors: Nachimuthu Gunasekhar , Palmer Blake , Hundt Andy , Schwenke Graeme , Jamali Hiz , Knox Oliver , Guppy Chris
Published: May 2024

The average lint yield of irrigated cotton in Australia ranges from 2270 to 3700 kg/ha, but yields vary substantially between farms and also between fields on the same farm. Differences in soil properties may cause these yield variations. Identifying which factors are causal and what management can be implemented to mitigate the impacts should help optimize inputs and improve profits. During the 2018–2019 summer cotton‐growing season, a paired‐field comparison approach was used to investigate and improve the understanding of soil property‐induced irrigated cotton yield differences within five farms across three regions of NSW, Australia. The paired fields at each farm recorded an average lint yield difference of >284 kg/ha (measured in 2018–2019 or 5‐year average lint yield). Several soil properties differed between the paired fields at each farm comparison. The soil organic carbon stocks were higher in the higher‐yielding fields at all the farm comparisons and the normalized lint yield percentage was positively correlated with soil organic carbon stocks. Soil sodicity was higher in the lower‐yielding fields at 3 of the 5 comparisons. Results for most soil nutrient tests were above the recommended critical concentrations for Australian cotton production. A stepwise linear regression excluding soil nutrients that were above soil test critical values for crop response and below crop toxicity levels indicated the lint yield was positively correlated with SOC stocks and negatively correlated with sodicity and bulk density. No earthworms were detected during visual soil assessment or soil sampling across all the sites. Visual soil assessment was not a sensitive predictor of cotton crop performance. Comparing soil properties using a paired field approach may assist cotton growers in understanding the factors behind yield differences. A similar strip comparison approach could be adopted for within‐field variability by dividing the fields into discrete performance zones and assessing the soil properties of each zone separately.
Influence of point mutations on PR65 conformational adaptability: Insights from molecular simulations and nanoaperture optical tweezers
Authors: Banerjee Anupam , Mathew Samuel , Naqvi Mohsin M. , Yilmaz Sema Z. , Zacharopoulou Maria , Doruker Pemra , Kumita Janet R. , Yang Shang-Hua , Gur Mert , Itzhaki Laura S. , Gordon Reuven , Bahar Ivet
Published: May 2024

PR65 is the HEAT repeat scaffold subunit of the heterotrimeric protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and an archetypal tandem repeat protein. Its conformational mechanics plays a crucial role in PP2A function by opening/closing substrate binding/catalysis interface. Using in silico saturation mutagenesis, we identified PR65 “hinge” residues whose substitutions could alter its conformational adaptability and thereby PP2A function, and selected six mutations that were verified to be expressed and soluble. Molecular simulations and nanoaperture optical tweezers revealed consistent results on the specific effects of the mutations on the structure and dynamics of PR65. Two mutants observed in simulations to stabilize extended/open conformations exhibited higher corner frequencies and lower translational scattering in experiments, indicating a shift toward extended conformations, whereas another displayed the opposite features, confirmed by both simulations and experiments. The study highlights the power of single-molecule nanoaperture-based tweezers integrated with in silico approaches for exploring the effect of mutations on protein structure and dynamics.
Mesoproterozoic Belt basin transect from Rogers Pass, Montana, to Sandpoint, Idaho, USA: Constraints for Proterozoic supercontinents and geomagnetism
Authors: Sears* James W. , Parker Stuart
Published: May 2024

This field trip will test global tectonic models against detailed geologic and paleomagnetic data from within the Belt basin, and will evaluate the significance of its Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian rift truncation. The trip will focus on the stratigraphy and paleotectonic evolution of the Mesoproterozoic Belt basin on an E-W transect from the shallow-water facies of the east margin of the basin at Rogers Pass through its deep-water interior near Sandpoint, Idaho, USA. With some variations, this trip will follow Don Winston’s classic trans-basin field guide from the east edge of the basin at Rogers Pass, Montana, to its western rift-truncation near Sandpoint, along Montana Highway 200 and Interstate 90 along the Lewis and Clark Line.
Pseudo generalized Ricci-recurrent spacetimes and modified gravity
Authors: De Krishnendu , De Uday Chand
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we introduce and characterize a pseudo-generalized Ricci-recurrent spacetimes and produce an example to verify the existence of such a spacetime. Then we demonstrate that a conformally flat generalized Ricci-recurrent spacetime with certain condition is a pseudo quasi-Einstein spacetime. Besides, it is proved that a pseudo-generalized Ricci-recurrent generalized Robertson–Walker spacetime represents a perfect fluid spacetime. Lastly, we study the impact of this spacetime under [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] gravity scenario and deduce several energy conditions.
A new quantum secure multiparty summation protocol with locally indistinguishable orthogonal product states
Authors: Hou Kunchi , Fu Sijia , Li Dongze , Zhang Long , Du Gang
Published: May 2024

As an important branch of quantum-secure multiparty computation, quantum-secure multiparty summation enables participants to complete the summation of their inputs without revealing their own secrets. In this paper, a new multiparty quantum secure summation protocol based on locally indistinguishable orthogonal product (LIOP) states is proposed. Leveraging the properties of LIOP states, participants can successfully accomplish the summation of their secrets with the assistance of a semi-honest third party (TP). The present protocol is shown to effectively resist certain existing attacks. Furthermore, complex operations and entanglement resources are not required in the proposed protocol. We anticipate that these results will contribute positively to the future development of quantum-secure multiparty computation.
The HHL algorithm: Implementation and research directions
Authors: Sambhaje Varsha , Chaurasia Anju
Published: May 2024

Linear systems of equations lie at the heart of numerous scientific and engineering challenges. In cutting-edge arena like artificial intelligence, machine learning and neuro-computation, these systems serve as a fundamental tool for mathematical modeling. Classical algorithms for solving linear systems have been extensively developed and forms the backbone of diverse applications across various scientific disciplines. While classical algorithms exist for solving linear systems, they often encounter limitations termed “NP-completeness” as data complexity increases. The emerging field of quantum computing offers a revolutionary approach to deal with these kinds of problems. The Harrow–Hassidim–Lloyd (HHL) algorithm tackles these challenges and opens new avenues for research. This study delves into the contemporary effectiveness of the HHL algorithm to address systems of linear equations. By examining recent research in quantum machine learning, we aim to assess the HHL algorithm’s potential to revolutionize the process of optimizing hyperparameters for machine learning models, resulting in increased efficiency and cost savings. This paper meticulously analyzes the HHL algorithm and explores its evolution from conception to the latest advancements. A comprehensive examination of the HHL algorithm, including its evolution over time, is thoroughly explored. The investigation delves into the potential challenges and limitations that might hinder the practical deployment of the HHL algorithm. Identifying these roadblocks will pave the way for future research and development efforts.
Developing Artificial Sensory Neurons for Large-Area Hybrid Electronics
Authors: Ng Si En
Published: May 2024

Artificial sensory neurons are biomimetic sensor hardware capable of transmitting and processing sensory information more efficiently. This is especially critical in large-area hybrid electronics where the complexity of signal collection and processing severely limits the scalability of the sensor performance. In this perspective, we propose how artificial sensory neurons with key functionalities such as integration, spike encoding and learning can be synergistic with the development of hybrid electronics. We also provide perspectives on the sensing, powering, application-specific and manufacturing aspects of developing artificial sensory neurons for hybrid electronics. Lastly, we also speculate critical development of mixed conductivity (ions, electronics, phonons) materials and the next enablers such as self-powered sensors and stimuli-responsive sensors for the continued progress in hybrid electronics.
Bentonite Clays as Adsorbent Material for Mycotoxins and the Hematological Parameters Involved in Tilapia Species: A Systematic Review
Authors: José Mendes dos Reis Francisco , Silva de Pádua Melo Elaine , Marcos Jacques Barbosa Antonio , de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães Rita , Arunachalam Karuppusamy , Juliano Oliveira Rodrigo , Carla Pinheiro Lima Ana , Fernanda Balestieri Mariano de Souza Maria , Carla Gomes Rosa Ana , Aratuza Pereira Ancel Marta , Fabiana Saldanha Tschinkel Paula , Aragão do Nascimento Valter
Published: May 2024

Aquaculture allows sustainable fish farming to meet global demand; however, fish feed can contain mycotoxins and contaminate animals and humans. Bentonites are clayey materials composed mainly of montmorillonite and are used to reduce or diminish the toxicity of aflatoxins to animals and humans. In this sense, new cheap technologies from natural resources are necessary for controlling fungi and mycotoxins in food. However, information on the potential adverse effects on fish health and performance caused by adding bentonite clays to reduce mycotoxin exposure is scarce. Thus, this systematic review aims to analyze recent studies focusing on the use of bentonite clays as adsorbent materials for mycotoxins in fish feed. In this systematic evaluation of the literature on the subject, which was conducted in Cochrane, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus, 1,878 publications from the last 10 years were found, but 1,871 of them were excluded, leading to the selection of only seven for this study. The articles were classified according to the main theme of fish detoxification, the use of natural or chemically modified bentonite clays through adsorbents to remove mycotoxins. The results of the risk of bias analysis of the included studies (seven) were carried out according to the Down and Black criteria. The studies showed that hematological parameters such as total serum protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, N‐urea, and creatinine were altered in some fish species due to contamination by aflatoxin B1 in the diet. On the other hand, the use of bentonite reveals that it has the potential to reduce the effects of aflatoxicosis in fish, causing an increase in body weight, changes in serum enzymes related to humoral immunity, and changes in gill morphology and liver tissue. Contamination of fish diets (especially tilapia) by aflatoxins B1 produces severe changes in all investigated parameters and is extremely dangerous for fish productivity and public health. It was observed that adding clays to tilapia diets reduces the effects of aflatoxicosis while improving economic output and lowering health hazards by adsorbing aflatoxins B1. Thus, the use of bentonite clays is one of the most promising decontamination techniques that can be used by pisciculture.
Tocopherol Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Increases Androgen Receptors in Mice Testicular Tissues under Forced Swimming in Warm Water
Authors: Daeihamed Marjan , Fallah Kochakam Navid , Taghizadeh Valdi Amirhossein , Faghani Masoumeh , Farzanegan Ali , Mohammadghasemi Fahimeh
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tocopherol supplementation and swimming in warm water on the spermatogenesis, expression of androgen receptors (ARs), and oxidative stress markers in mouse testis. Adult male mice were divided into seven groups: (A) control, (B) solvent, (C) vitamin E (VE), (D) swimming at 23°C water, (E) swimming at 23°C water and receiving VE, (F) swimming at 35°C water, and (G) swimming at 35°C water and receiving VE. Hormones were measured using ELISA. Spermatogenesis was examined through histopathology. The ARs were studied by immunohistochemistry. The testis oxidative stress markers were assessed using colorimetric assays. The distribution of VE in testis tissue was also evaluated using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Swimming of mice at 23°C was safe for sperm development. Swimming at 35°C resulted in lower testosterone, LH, sperm parameters, sperm differentiation, AR expression, SOD activity, and increased MDA in the testis, compared to control (P  < 0.05). The abovementioned parameters were significantly altered by VE, in comparison to the animals that swam in warm water at 35°C (P  < 0.05). The results of HPLC showed that tissue distribution of VE was significantly higher in group G, compared to group E (P  < 0.05). Swimming in water at 23°C is conducive to sperm development, whereas swimming at 35°C impairs sperm production. In conclusion, VE counteracts the negative effects of swimming at 35°C water on sperm development by altering the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, distribution of VE, AR expression, and lipid peroxidation in testicular tissue.
Supplementary Figure 5 from LYVE-1–expressing Macrophages Modulate the Hyaluronan-containing Extracellular Matrix in the Mammary Stroma and Contribute to Mammary Tumor Growth
Authors: Elfstrum Alexis K. , Rumahorbo Annisa H. , Reese Lyndsay E. , Nelson Emma V. , McCluskey Braedan M. , Schwertfeger Kathryn L.
Published: May 2024

Figure S5 depicts tumor growth rates
Data from LYVE-1–expressing Macrophages Modulate the Hyaluronan-containing Extracellular Matrix in the Mammary Stroma and Contribute to Mammary Tumor Growth
Authors: Elfstrum Alexis K. , Rumahorbo Annisa H. , Reese Lyndsay E. , Nelson Emma V. , McCluskey Braedan M. , Schwertfeger Kathryn L.
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Macrophages represent a heterogeneous myeloid population with diverse functions in normal tissues and tumors. While macrophages expressing the cell surface marker lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1) have been identified in stromal regions of the normal mammary gland and in the peritumoral stroma, their functions within these regions are not well understood. Using a genetic mouse model of LYVE-1+ macrophage depletion, we demonstrate that loss of LYVE-1+ macrophages is associated with altered extracellular matrix remodeling in the normal mammary gland and reduced mammary tumor growth in vivo. In further studies focused on investigating the functions of LYVE-1+ macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, we demonstrate that LYVE-1 expression correlates with an increased ability of macrophages to bind, internalize, and degrade hyaluronan. Consistent with this, we show that depletion of LYVE-1+ macrophages correlates with increased hyaluronan accumulation in both the normal mammary gland and in mammary tumors. Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing of macrophages isolated from these tumors reveals that depletion of LYVE-1+ macrophages in tumors drives a shift in the majority of the remaining macrophages toward a proinflammatory phenotype, as well as an increase in CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Together, these findings indicate that LYVE-1+ macrophages represent a tumor-promoting anti-inflammatory subset of macrophages that contributes to hyaluronan remodeling in the tumor microenvironment.
Significance:
We have identified a macrophage subset in mouse mammary tumors associated with tumor structural components. When this macrophage subset is absent in tumors, we report a delay in tumor growth and an increase in antitumor immune cells. Understanding the functions of distinct macrophage subsets may allow for improved therapeutic strategies for patients with breast cancer.
How Much Time Do Focal Treatments for Retinoblastoma Add to Anesthetic Exposure?
Authors: Abramson David H. , Gaccione Jacquelyn , Bracken Christina , Liu Todd , Guarini Edith , Bobin Andrea , Foerch Angela , Robbins Melissa A. , Dodds Rojas Ricardo , Francis Jasmine H.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Children with retinoblastoma have anesthesia for exams and treatment, but there is little information about how long treatment interventions (laser, cryotherapy, and intravitreal injections) add to routine exams under anesthesia (EUA). This information would be useful for planning operating room schedules, staff schedules, family expectations, and billing. Methods: A retrospective, single-center, Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved review of anesthesia duration for retinoblastoma children undergoing EUA with laser, cryotherapy, or intravitreal injections performed at MSK between January 2019 and November 2023. Results: Three hundred eight patients had 2,399 EUAs. The average EUA lasted 24.3 min (range 7–77 min) when no interventions were done. Laser photocoagulation added an average of 18.9 min (range 19–77 min), cryotherapy 26.1 min (range 27–75 min), and intravitreal injection 23.5 min (range 10–71 min) to the basic EUA time. Bilateral laser treatments took 8 min longer than unilateral treatments. Conclusion: EUAs for children with retinoblastoma can be performed relatively quickly. Interventions such as laser, cryotherapy, or intravitreal injections roughly double the time under anesthesia but in some cases can take much longer (>1 h).
O advento da Terapia Ocupacional no meio hospitalar. O caso da França
Authors: Goubert Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2024

This article introduces the first founds of the research about the history of the occupational therapy in France. It deals about the analytical description of the former and initial conditions of the creation of the profession, as well as a  panoramic view of the evolution of the Occupational Therapy until our days. The research methodology utilized is historical and the final aim of the research is the construction of a comparison between the Histories of the Occupational Therapy in Brazil and in France.