bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Cryptocurrencies Increase the Systemic Risk of the Global Financial Market?
Authors: Li Shiyun , Huang Yiping
Published: February 2020

The advance of cryptocurrencies has sparked wide concern over their interplay with the existing global financial market. This paper analyzes the risk spillover relation between cryptocurrencies and major financial assets, and unravels how cryptocurrencies could influence global financial systemic risk. We find that cryptocurrencies function as a separate risk source from traditional assets. Major legislative, financial and technological events in the cryptocurrency market may affect risk spillover dynamics. Although the overall penetration of cryptocurrencies is not yet deep, introducing cryptocurrency can significantly increase the systemic risk to traditional markets during low risk level episodes.
Acute ethanol exposure rapidly alters cerebellar and cortical microglial physiology
Authors: Stowell Rianne D. , Majewska Ania K.
Published: February 2020

Alcohol use is highly prevalent in modern society and ramifications of alcohol abuse pose a large public health concern. Previous work investigating the effects of alcohol exposure on the brain has implicated microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), as critical participants in the brain's response to chronic and developmental ethanol (EtOH) exposure. As rapid sensors of their environment, microglia also have the capacity to rapidly respond to alcohol administration and to contribute to acute effects of alcohol on the brain; however, their acute responses have not been assessed. Here, for the first time, we have examined the acute response of microglia to alcohol intoxication in vivo utilizing two‐photon microscopy to assess the dynamics of these motile cells in both visual cortex and the cerebellum of mice. We found that microglia respond rapidly to EtOH exposure with fast changes in morphology, motility, parenchyma surveillance, and injury response. However, regional differences between the responses of cerebellar and cortical microglial populations indicate that subtle differences in microglial physiology may alter their vulnerability to acute alcohol intoxication. Our findings suggest that the longer‐term effects of repeated EtOH exposure on microglia may result from repeat acute alterations in microglial physiology by single exposure to alcohol which rapidly alter behavior in specific microglial populations.
Novalis's philosophical fictions: Love, reason, and the given from the Fichte‐Studies to the Hymns to the Night
Authors: Reid James D.
Published: February 2020

This paper means to explore the relationship between Novalis's youthful engagement with the work of Fichte (with a nod to Kant's theory of practical postulates), on the one hand, and his late poetic work, the Hymnen an die Nacht, on the other. Against the grain of those who see in Hardenberg's development a promising young philosopher‐in‐the‐making who broke with philosophy in favor of mystical poetry, the present article hopes to show that Novalis's emerging views on such topics as reason, freedom, love, and the given (or Gegebenheit) in the Fichte‐Studien give rise to, or find themselves more adequately expressed in, the mature products of his late lyrical imagination.
Alkalinity movement down acid soil columns was faster when lime and plant residues were combined than when either was applied separately
Authors: Butterly Clayton R. , Costello Brendon , Lauricella Dominic , Sale Peter , Li Guangdi , Tang Caixian
Published: February 2020

Subsurface soil acidity is a serious constraint to crop production and is inherently difficult to correct through conventional application of lime. Thus, new approaches to ameliorate subsurface soil acidity are needed. A column leaching experiment was established to determine whether the plant residues, when combined with lime, could facilitate lime dissolution and alkalinity movement down soil columns (10 cm in diameter × 45 cm long) to ameliorate acid subsurface soil layers. Five plant residues from canola (Brassica nappus L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), oats (Avena sativa L.) and vetch (Vicia villosa L.) (C/N ratios of 52, 13, 16, 53 and 12, respectively) were mixed with soil (18 g dry matter kg−1) in the top of soil columns (0–10 cm) either limed (target pH 7 in CaCl2) or non‐limed and incubated for 3 months at 25°C. Soil columns were leached six times over the 3‐month incubation period and destructively sampled at 1 and 3 months for chemical analysis. The soil amended with plant residues created favourable pH gradients and facilitated downward movement of alkalinity when lime was added. However, net increases in pH in the 10–12‐cm layer after 3 months were only observed in two non‐legume residue‐amended treatments (canola and oat residues, 0.22–0.43 pH unit increase), but not in three legume residue‐amended treatments (field pea, lucerne and vetch residues), although those treatments had the greatest pH increase in the short term (1 month). In conclusion, surface incorporation of lime in combination with plant residues accelerated the amelioration of subsurface acidity in the immediate zone (10–12 cm) below the amended layer. Canola and oat residues were superior in terms of increased soil pH over a longer term (3 months), possibly due to their higher C/N ratios.

Highlights

Can plant residues, combined with lime, facilitate alkalinity movement down soil columns?

Few studies have examined leaching, alkalinity movement and pH gradients using agricultural soils.

Lucerne and vetch had the greatest pH increase (1 month) but canola and oat persisted (3 months).

Alkalinity movement was faster when lime and plant residues were combined than when applied alone.
Reconstructing the evolutionary history of nitrogenases: Evidence for ancestral molybdenum‐cofactor utilization
Authors: Garcia Amanda K. , McShea Hanon , Kolaczkowski Bryan , Kaçar Betül
Published: February 2020

The nitrogenase metalloenzyme family, essential for supplying fixed nitrogen to the biosphere, is one of life's key biogeochemical innovations. The three forms of nitrogenase differ in their metal dependence, each binding either a FeMo‐, FeV‐, or FeFe‐cofactor where the reduction of dinitrogen takes place. The history of nitrogenase metal dependence has been of particular interest due to the possible implication that ancient marine metal availabilities have significantly constrained nitrogenase evolution over geologic time. Here, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of nitrogenases, and combined phylogenetic reconstruction, ancestral sequence inference, and structural homology modeling to evaluate the potential metal dependence of ancient nitrogenases. We find that active‐site sequence features can reliably distinguish extant Mo‐nitrogenases from V‐ and Fe‐nitrogenases and that inferred ancestral sequences at the deepest nodes of the phylogeny suggest these ancient proteins most resemble modern Mo‐nitrogenases. Taxa representing early‐branching nitrogenase lineages lack one or more biosynthetic nifE and nifN genes that both contribute to the assembly of the FeMo‐cofactor in studied organisms, suggesting that early Mo‐nitrogenases may have utilized an alternate and/or simplified pathway for cofactor biosynthesis. Our results underscore the profound impacts that protein‐level innovations likely had on shaping global biogeochemical cycles throughout the Precambrian, in contrast to organism‐level innovations that characterize the Phanerozoic Eon.
Neuromelanin Locus Coeruleus MRI Contrast in Migraine With Aura
Authors: Gollion Cédric , Arribarat Germain , Ruidavets Jean‐Bernard , Fabre Nelly , Barège Michèle , Bonneville Fabrice , Larrue Vincent , Peran Patrice
Published: February 2020

Introduction

The locus coeruleus (LC) is one of the brainstem nuclei that may be activated during migraine attack. As LC contains neuromelanin, a by‐product of norepinephrine synthesis, it can be delineated in vivo using neuromelanin sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The neuromelanin content in LC has been suggested to reflect previous LC activation. We investigated LC MRI contrast in patients with migraine with aura (MWA) and its correlation with migraine features.

Methods

This matched cohort study compared 23 MWA patients aged 30‐55 and without comorbidity, to 23 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls. The study was conducted in a University Hospital. LC contrast was measured with T1 neuromelanin‐sensitive‐weighted 3T MRI. Voxels were manually selected by 2 independent researchers and comparison was made twice using intersection and union of the voxels selected by the 2 observers.

Results

No difference was found in neuromelanin LC contrast between MWA patients and controls with both the INTER method (0.224 ± 0.042 vs 0.228 ± 0.048; difference: 0.0001 (95%CI: −0.032 to 0.026), P = .799) and UNION method (0.218 ± 0.043 vs 0.222 ± 0.047; difference: −0.0012 (95%CI: −0.031 to 0.026), P = .775). Global LC volume was also similar between the 2 groups with INTER method (15.087 ± 3.965 vs 13.739 ± 3.583; difference: 2 (95%CI: −1 to 4), P = .233) and UNION method (17.522 ± 4.440 vs 16.087 ± 4.274; difference: 1 (95%CI: −2 to 4), P = .270). Moreover, no correlations were found between neuromelanin LC contrast and migraine features (duration of migraine and frequency of attacks).

Conclusion

These negative findings do not support the use of neuromelanin LC contrast as a biomarker of MA.
Assessing the Imprint of the Long‐gone Hapsburg Empire's Border on the Romanian Students' Migration Intentions
Authors: Plopeanu Aurelian-Petrus , Homocianu Daniel , Bodea Gabriela , Crisan Emil Lucian , Mihaila Alin Adrian
Published: February 2020

This article aims to identify if belonging to one side or another of the former Hapsburg Empire's border matters in relation to migration intentions. Based on a survey of 3,051 students enrolled at three Romanian universities, and using geo‐referencing, data mining tools, logistic regressions and prediction nomograms, we found that students who have their homes in different parts, depending on this historical border, manifest different sensitivity levels towards recognition of their own value and the poor quality of public institutions and services, as they have different perceptions concerning the role of individual freedom, parental role models, the work ethic and interpersonal trust. These differences further generate opposite migration intentions for the two sub‐samples. Therefore, students who have their homes in the former Empire's area have lower migration intentions than those outside it, despite their proximity to the western borders. The results suggest various economic and non‐economic determinants as important predictors of migration intentions.
Anisotropic structure of alkali metaphosphate glasses
Authors: Inaba Seiji , Benino Yasuhiko , Kohara Shinji , Hosono Hideo , Ito Setsuro
Published: February 2020

Orientation anisotropy, which is well known in organic polymers with appropriate network structures, is less common in oxide glasses. We present the intermediate‐range order in anisotropic alkali metaphosphate glass which consists of oriented PO4 tetrahedral chains and intervening alkali cations along the elongation direction. The X‐ray total structure factor S(Q) indicates that the inter‐chain spacing depends on the size of alkali cations and varies from 5.03 to 6.28 Å. The mixed alkali effect is primarily related to an increase of the separation. The total correlation function T(r) provides the first definite evidence that the anisotropic structure is composed of phosphorus‐bridging oxygen bonds (P–OB) lying along the elongation direction and phosphorus‐non‐bridging oxygen bonds (P–OT) oriented perpendicular to the elongation direction. The present result unveils fundamental aspects of the anisotropic structure of an oxide glass and provides essential information for the development of oxide glasses to control structural anisotropy.
Positron emission tomography absolute stress myocardial blood flow for risk stratification in nonischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Middour Thomas G. , Rosenthal Todd M. , Abi‐Samra Freddy M. , Bernard Michael L. , Khatib Sammy , Polin Glenn M. , Rogers Paul A. , Bober Robert M. , Morin Daniel P.
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Sudden cardiac death is a substantial cause of mortality in patients with cardiomyopathy, but evidence supporting implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) implantation is less robust in nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) than in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Improved risk stratification is needed. We assessed whether absolute quantification of stress myocardial blood flow (sMBF) measured by positron emission tomography (PET) predicts ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and/or death in patients with NICM.

Methods

In this pilot study, we prospectively followed patients with NICM (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35%) and an ICD who underwent cardiac PET stress imaging with sMBF quantification. NICM was defined as the absence of angiographic obstructive coronary stenosis, significant relative perfusion defects on imaging, coronary revascularization, or acute coronary syndrome. Endpoints were appropriate device therapy for VA and all‐cause mortality. Subgroup analysis was performed in patients who had no prior history of VA (ie, the primary prevention population).

Results

We followed 37 patients (60 ± 14 years, 46% male) for 41 ± 23 months. The median sMBF was 1.56 mL/g/min (interquartile range: 1.00‐1.82). Lower sMBF predicted VA, both in the whole population (hazard ratio [HR] for each 0.1 mL/g/min increase: 0.84, P = .015) and in the primary prevention subset (n = 27; HR for each 0.1 mL/g/min increase: 0.81, P = .049). Patients with sMBF below the median had significantly more VA than those above the median, both in the whole population (P = .004) and in the primary prevention subset (P = .046). Estimated 3‐year VA rates in the whole population were 67% among low‐flow patients vs 13% among high‐flow patients, and 39% vs 8%, respectively, among primary‐prevention patients. sMBF did not predict all‐cause mortality.

Conclusions

In patients with NICM, lower sMBF predicts VA. This relationship may be useful for risk stratification for ventricular arrhythmia and decision making regarding ICD implantation.
The role of atrial sensing for new‐onset atrial arrhythmias diagnosis and management in single‐chamber implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator recipients: Results from the THINGS registry
Authors: Biffi Mauro , Iori Matteo , De Maria Elia , Bolognesi Maria Giulia , Placci Angelo , Calvi Valeria , Allocca Giuseppe , Ammendola Ernesto , Carinci Valeria , Boggian Giulio , Saporito Davide , Grassini Diego , Giacopelli Daniele , Statuto Giovanni , Ziacchi Matteo
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Atrial tachycardia/fibrillation (AT/AF) episodes are common in implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) recipients and can be undetected by standard single‐chamber devices. This study aims to explore whether a single‐lead ICD with an atrial dipole (ICD DX; BIOTRONIK SE & Co, Berlin, Germany) could improve the AT/AF diagnosis and management as compared to standard ICD (ICD VR).

Methods and Results

We selected patients without AT/AF history from the THINGS registry which included consecutive patients implanted with ICD for standard indications. The ICD VR and the ICD DX groups included 236 (62.8%) and 140 (37.2%) patients, respectively, and had no significant differences in baseline characteristics. During a median follow‐up of 27 months, there were 7 AT/AF diagnoses in the ICD VR and 18 in the ICD DX group. The 2‐year incidence of AT/AF diagnosis was 3.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6%‐9.6%) for the ICD VR and 11.4% (95% CI: 6.8%‐18.9%) for the ICD DX group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 3.85 [95% CI: 1.58‐9.41]; P = .003). Initiation of oral anticoagulation (OAC) due to AT/AF diagnosis was reported in 15 patients. The 2‐year incidence of OAC onset was 3.6% (95% CI: 1.6%‐7.8%) for the ICD VR and 6.3% (95% CI: 3.0%‐12.7%) for ICD DX group (adjusted HR: 1.99 [95% CI: 0.72‐5.56]; P = .184).

Conclusion

We observed that atrial sensing capability in single‐chamber ICD patients without evidence of atrial arrhythmias at implant is associated with a greater likelihood of detecting AT/AF episodes. The management of these diagnosed arrhythmias often led to clinical interventions, mainly represented by initiation of OAC therapy.
Sanguinarine disrupts the colocalization and interaction of HIF‐1α with tyrosine and serine phosphorylated‐STAT3 in breast cancer
Authors: Su Qi , Wang Jingjing , Fan Mengying , Ghauri Mohsin Ahmad , Ullah Asmat , Wang Bo , Dai Bingling , Zhan Yingzhuan , Zhang Dongdong , Zhang Yanmin
Published: February 2020

Breast cancer is one leading cause of death in females, especially triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Hypoxia is a key feature leading to tumour progression driven by hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α. The aim is to investigate the mechanism of HIF‐1α and signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 (STAT3) interaction and discover a compound to disrupt the interaction in breast cancer cells. The regulation pattern of HIF‐1α and STAT3 was analysed in hypoxic TNBC cells and patient samples. The effects of a natural alkaloid, sanguinarine, on HIF‐1α and STAT3 colocalization and interaction were evaluated in vitro and mouse xenograft models. We observed strong colocalization of HIF‐1α, p‐STAT3‐Tyr and p‐STAT3‐Ser in TNBC patient samples. Sanguinarine could inhibit the nuclear colocalization and interaction of HIF‐1α with p‐STAT3‐Tyr and p‐STAT3‐Ser in vivo and in vitro. Our results may bring insights to the HIF‐1α/STAT3 interaction in breast cancers and suggest sanguinarine as a promising candidate for HIF‐α/STAT3 inhibition.
A role for caveola‐forming proteins caveolin‐1 and CAVIN1 in the pro‐invasive response of glioblastoma to osmotic and hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Pu Wenjun , Qiu Jiawen , Nassar Zeyad D. , Shaw Paul N. , McMahon Kerrie‐Ann , Ferguson Charles , Parton Robert G , Riggins Gregory J. , Harris Jonathan M. , Parat Marie‐Odile
Published: February 2020

In solid tumours, elevated interstitial fluid pressure (osmotic and hydrostatic pressure) is a barrier to drug delivery and correlates with poor prognosis. Glioblastoma (GBM) further experience compressive force when growing within a space limited by the skull. Caveolae are proposed to play mechanosensing roles, and caveola‐forming proteins are overexpressed in GBM. We asked whether caveolae mediate the GBM response to osmotic pressure. We evaluated in vitro the influence of spontaneous or experimental down‐regulation of caveola‐forming proteins (caveolin‐1, CAVIN1) on the proteolytic profile and invasiveness of GBM cells in response to osmotic pressure. In response to osmotic pressure, GBM cell lines expressing caveola‐forming proteins up‐regulated plasminogen activator (uPA) and/or matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), some EMT markers and increased their in vitro invasion potential. Down‐regulation of caveola‐forming proteins impaired this response and prevented hyperosmolarity‐induced mRNA expression of the water channel aquaporin 1. CRISPR ablation of caveola‐forming proteins further lowered expression of matrix proteases and EMT markers in response to hydrostatic pressure, as a model of mechanical force. GBM respond to pressure by increasing matrix‐degrading enzyme production, mesenchymal phenotype and invasion. Caveola‐forming proteins mediate, at least in part, the pro‐invasive response of GBM to pressure. This may represent a novel target in GBM treatment.
Commentary: Ecology momentary assessment as a tool for understanding dynamic patterns in child and adolescent health and development – reflections on Russell and Gajos (2020)
Authors: Chiang Jessica J. , Lam Phoebe H.
Published: February 2020

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has served as a methodological tool across subdisciplines in psychology, shedding light on family, personality, and affective processes, and physical and mental health. In their review, Russell and Gajos demonstrate how EMA can overcome several limitations of traditional methods in developmental psychopathology to answer questions about mental and behavioral health in youth. They also provide thoughtful future directions on integrating sensor technology, advancing modeling techniques for temporally dense data, and employing EMA for delivering interventions. This commentary similarly advocates for the use of EMA but extends Russell and Gajos’s review by emphasizing EMA’s utility for understanding and revealing dynamic changes and processes along micro timescales that have relevance for youth’s health and development. We discuss how EMA can be especially fruitful for advancing theory and practice when administered in bursts and when combined with traditional assessments and longer‐term longitudinal designs. Because such studies are resource‐intensive, we also consider how extant EMA studies can be leveraged and subjected to meta‐ and mega‐analytic techniques to inform theories and future EMA designs. We conclude that EMA is a promising tool for elucidating dynamic fluctuations in experiences and intra‐ and interpersonal processes that contribute to child and adolescent development and risk.
A Digital Technique to Replicate Edentulous Arches with Functional Borders and Accurate Maxillomandibular Relationship for Digital Complete Denture
Authors: Mai Hang‐Nga , Lee Du‐Hyeong
Published: February 2020

Correct functional border impression and jaw registration is a challenge when edentulous arches are directly digitized with an intraoral scanner. This article describes a digital workflow to replicate complete edentulous arches with full functional contour, and position them in the centric relation using an intraoral scanner, existing denture, and three‐dimensional image reversal technique. Based on the reconstructed images, the base and dental parts of the new denture can be designed efficiently and predictably.
Outcome of medical therapy for keratomalacia in dogs
Authors: Guyonnet A. , Desquilbet L. , Faure J. , Bourguet A. , Donzel E. , Chahory S.
Published: February 2020

Objectives

To evaluate the clinical and visual outcomes following intensive medical therapy for keratomalacia in dogs.

Materials and Methods

Medical records were screened to identify dogs with corneal ulcers and keratomalacia. All patients were given the same topical treatment protocol with frequent administrations of tobramycin in combination with equine serum. Surgical treatment during the first 15 days of follow‐up was considered as medical treatment failure.

Results

We report on 57 ulcers with keratomalacia from 53 dogs. Medical treatment was successful in 31 of 57 ulcers with a median healing time of 5 days (range 2 to 15 days). At 60 days after epithelialisation, 14/15 medically‐treated eyes were visual. In one case, corneal perforation was observed 1 month after healing and required surgical stabilisation.

Clinical Significance

Intensive medical therapy has the potential to achieve healing of some ulcers with keratomalacia. Surgical stabilisation in response to progression of stromal loss was required in less than half of the cases.
Identification of the Wzx flippase, Wzy polymerase and sugar‐modifying enzymes for spore coat polysaccharide biosynthesis in Myxococcus xanthus
Authors: Pérez‐Burgos María , García‐Romero Inmaculada , Valvano Miguel A. , Søgaard Andersen Lotte
Published: February 2020

The rod‐shaped cells of Myxococcus xanthus, a Gram‐negative deltaproteobacterium, differentiate to environmentally resistant spores upon starvation or chemical stress. The environmental resistance depends on a spore coat polysaccharide that is synthesised by the ExoA‐I proteins, some of which are part of a Wzx/Wzy‐dependent pathway for polysaccharide synthesis and export; however, key components of this pathway have remained unidentified. Here, we identify and characterise two additional loci encoding proteins with homology to enzymes involved in polysaccharide synthesis and export, as well as sugar modification and show that six of the proteins encoded by these loci are essential for the formation of environmentally resistant spores. Our data support that MXAN_3260, renamed ExoM and MXAN_3026, renamed ExoJ, are the Wzx flippase and Wzy polymerase, respectively, responsible for translocation and polymerisation of the repeat unit of the spore coat polysaccharide. Moreover, we provide evidence that three glycosyltransferases (MXAN_3027/ExoK, MXAN_3262/ExoO and MXAN_3263/ExoP) and a polysaccharide deacetylase (MXAN_3259/ExoL) are important for formation of the intact spore coat, while ExoE is the polyisoprenyl‐phosphate hexose‐1‐phosphate transferase responsible for initiating repeat unit synthesis, likely by transferring N‐acetylgalactosamine‐1‐P to undecaprenyl‐phosphate. Together, our data generate a more complete model of the Exo pathway for spore coat polysaccharide biosynthesis and export.
Ecclesial Ethics and the Gospel sine glossa: Sacramental Politics and the Love of the World
Authors: Cavanaugh William T.
Published: February 2020

This article examines the charge that the approach D. Stephen Long identifies as “ecclesial ethics” is a world‐denying approach. The article examines typologies that pit world‐affirmers against world‐deniers, showing how “neo‐Augustinians” end up on both sides of this divide, depending on who is constructing the typology. The article argues that these typologies are inaccurate, distorting, and often self‐contradictory. It offers an alternative etiology, making a case that “ecclesial ethics” can be understood as a development of the progressive wing of Catholic thought that surfaced in Vatican II. The article examines Giuseppe Dossetti’s advocacy of a Gospel sine glossa at Vatican II, and argues that this type of ethics has deep roots in a Catholic sacramental theology. Finally, the article examines Henri de Lubac’s work as exemplary of such a sacramental theology. The article concludes that the basis of “ecclesial ethics” is a deeply sacramental view of creation being transformed by the grace of God through Jesus Christ.
Beyond Critique: Just War as Theological Political Theology
Authors: Gregory Eric
Published: February 2020

This article takes up a charge often directed to neo‐Augustinians by neo‐Anabaptists that their defense of just war lacks adequate theological foundations. It is the case that most contemporary just war advocates, even within Christian ethics, no longer embed their accounts within a distinctively theological context, let alone a robust appeal to a doctrine of God or divine providence attentive to the divine One who really entered history, suffered defeat, and conquered death. This development can be seen as a form of self‐denial for the sake of consensus and casuistry. In so doing, however, they confirm the claim of many Christian pacifists that just war reasoning betrays the radical creativity of Christian virtue in the name of some external (often duty‐based) notion of responsibility and retributive justice. My project differs. It taps into resurgent interest in political theology as a way to remedy this neglect at least a little. I focus on two aspects of political theology that bear primarily on the relation of the temporal and the eternal: providence and suffering. They are rooted in fundamental theology, guided by the memory of being grafted as strangers into the God of Israel, the same God who showed compassion for Esau even while blessing Jacob. Just war tradition is an act of compassion rooted in providence and the inevitable suffering faced in history. The point is to re‐theologize a living tradition that generations of the ecumenical church bequeathed to us as an exercise of their Christian imagination within their historical contexts where they took all of history seriously as God’s time. Wary of idolatry, we should strive for more than critique or a disappointing choice between Christendom or Church as the only theological word to the nations.
The Wheat 660K SNP array demonstrates great potential for marker‐assisted selection in polyploid wheat
Authors: Sun Congwei , Dong Zhongdong , Zhao Lei , Ren Yan , Zhang Ning , Chen Feng
Published: February 2020

The rapid development and application of molecular marker assays have facilitated genomic selection and genome‐wide linkage and association studies in wheat breeding. Although PCR‐based markers (e.g. simple sequence repeats and functional markers) and genotyping by sequencing have contributed greatly to gene discovery and marker‐assisted selection, the release of a more accurate and complete bread wheat reference genome has resulted in the design of single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays based on different densities or application targets. Here, we evaluated seven types of wheat SNP arrays in terms of their SNP number, distribution, density, associated genes, heterozygosity and application. The results suggested that the Wheat 660K SNP array contained the highest percentage (99.05%) of genome‐specific SNPs with reliable physical positions. SNP density analysis indicated that the SNPs were almost evenly distributed across the whole genome. In addition, 229 266 SNPs in the Wheat 660K SNP array were located in 66 834 annotated gene or promoter intervals. The annotated genes revealed by the Wheat 660K SNP array almost covered all genes revealed by the Wheat 35K (97.44%), 55K (99.73%), 90K (86.9%) and 820K (85.3%) SNP arrays. Therefore, the Wheat 660K SNP array could act as a substitute for other 6 arrays and shows promise for a wide range of possible applications. In summary, the Wheat 660K SNP array is reliable and cost‐effective and may be the best choice for targeted genotyping and marker‐assisted selection in wheat genetic improvement.
Fe2O3 nanoparticles induced biochemical responses and expression of genes involved in rosmarinic acid biosynthesis pathway in Moldavian balm under salinity stress
Authors: Moradbeygi Hanieh , Jamei Rashid , Heidari Reza , Darvishzadeh Reza
Published: February 2020

The effect of iron oxide nanoparticle (NP) at four concentrations (0, 30, 60 and 90 ppm) and salinity at three levels (0, 50 and 100 mM) were investigated on rosmarinic acid (RA) production in 5‐week‐old Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) plants. Salinity and spraying iron oxide NPs significantly affected tyrosine (Tyr), phenylalanine (Phe) and proline (Pro) amino acids content, Phenylalanine Ammonia‐Lyase (PAL), Tyrosine Aminotransferase (TAT) and Rosmarinic Acid Synthase (RAS) genes expression levels, RA content, Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO), PAL and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and DPPH (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. PAL, TAT and RAS genes expression rate and content of RA were enhanced in Moldavian balm plants exposed by NaCl + NPs. The results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that simultaneous application of 50 mM NaCl and 90 ppm NPs increases the RA content in leaf by 81.15% as compared to control plants. The Tyr and Phe contents decreased in Moldavian balm plants exposed to salt stress. Application of NPs had a positive effect on the content of these amino acids. Proline content increased under salinity stress and application of iron NPs induced a significant increase in the Pro content of leaf. The results revealed that PAL, PPO and SOD enzymes activities increased under salinity conditions. The highest activity of PPO and SOD was observed in 100 mM NaCl + 60 ppm NPs treatment. Simultaneous application of 100 mM NaCl + 90 ppm NPs increased the MDA content and DPPH radical scavenging activity compared to control plants. It can be concluded that the application of appropriate levels of NPs moderates the effect of salinity stress in D. moldavica L. and results in an increased amount of RA compared to control plants.
The Anatomy of the Extensive Margin Labor Supply Response*
Authors: Bastani Spencer , Moberg Ylva , Selin Håkan
Published: February 2020

We estimate how labor force participation among married women in Sweden responded to changing work incentives implied by a reform in the tax and transfer system in 1997. Using rich, population‐wide, administrative data, we estimate an average participation elasticity of 0.13, thereby adding to the scarce literature estimating participation elasticities using quasi‐experimental methods. We also highlight that estimated extensive margin responses necessarily are local to the observed equilibrium. Among low‐income earners, elasticities are twice as large in the group with the lowest employment level, compared with the group with the highest employment level.
Increased collection efficiency of CD34+ cells after mobilization with preemptive use of plerixafor followed by leukocytapheresis on the same day
Authors: Cid Joan , Castillo Carlos , Marín Pedro , Carbassé Gloria , Herrera Dolores , Monfort Nuria , Fernández‐Avilés Francesc , Gutiérrez‐García Gonzalo , Martínez Carmen , Rosiñol Laura , Suárez‐Lledó María , Rovira Montserrat , Urbano‐Ispizua Álvaro , Lozano Miquel
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Plerixafor should be administered 6 to 11 hours before starting leukocytapheresis. However, we have been using plerixafor followed by leukocytapheresis according to different time schedules since 2007. Our objective was to compare the CD34+ cell collection efficiency (CE1) of the first leukocytapheresis performed after using plerixafor at different time intervals.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Same‐day schedule refers to the administration of plerixafor at 10:00 AM and starting the leukocytapheresis on the same day at 4:00 PM (6 hours interval). Next‐day schedule refers to the administration of plerixafor at 8:00 PM and starting the leukocytapheresis on the next day (10:00 AM or 4:00 PM; either a 14‐ or 20‐hr interval). Variables that might influence the CE1 of CD34+ cells were analyzed by longitudinal linear regression with a random effects model derived by generalized estimating equations.

RESULTS

The median CE1 of CD34+ cells was higher in the group of 30 patients who underwent leukocytapheresis on the same day when compared with the group of 62 patients who underwent leukocytapheresis on the next day (65.8% vs. 56.7%; p < 0.01). In the longitudinal linear regression analysis, only the time from plerixafor administration to leukocytapheresis start was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the CE1 of CD34+ cells (CE1 change −0.034%; p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

Higher CE1 of CD34+ cells was observed when patients underwent leukocytapheresis on the same day after receiving plerixafor in comparison with administering plerixafor and underwent leukocytapheresis on the next day. Larger studies are necessary to confirm present results.
Cryptosporidium and Giardia in locally harvested clams in Iqaluit, Nunavut
Authors: Manore Anna J. W. , Harper Sherilee L. , Sargeant Jan M. , Weese J. Scott , Cunsolo Ashlee , Bunce Anna , Shirley Jamal , Sudlovenick Enooyaq , Shapiro Karen
Published: February 2020

High prevalences of Cryptosporidium and Giardia were recently found in enteric illness patients in the Qikiqtaaluk region of Nunavut, Canada, with a foodborne, waterborne or animal source of parasites suspected. Clams (Mya truncata) are a commonly consumed, culturally important and nutritious country food in Iqaluit; however, shellfish may concentrate protozoan pathogens from contaminated waters. The goal of this work was to investigate clams as a potential source of Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in residents in Iqaluit, Nunavut. The objectives were to estimate the prevalence and genetically characterize Cryptosporidium and Giardia in locally harvested clams. Clams (n = 404) were collected from Iqaluit harvesters in September 2016. Haemolymph (n = 328) and digestive gland (n = 390) samples were screened for Cryptosporidium and Giardia via PCR, and amplified products were further processed for sequence analyses for definitive confirmation. Giardia DNA was found in haemolymph from 2 clams, while Cryptosporidium was not detected. The two Giardia sequences were identified as zoonotic Giardia enterica assemblage B. The overall prevalence of Giardia in clams near Iqaluit was low (0.6%) compared with other studies in southern Canada and elsewhere. The presence of Giardia DNA in clams suggests human or animal faecal contamination of coastal habitat around Iqaluit in shellfish harvesting waters. Results from this study are intended to inform public health practice and planning in Inuit Nunangat.
‘The Sweet Pain of Life’ - Dancing Metaphysical Longing: A Theological Reading of Matthew Bourne’s Swan Lake
Authors: Palmer Clive , Torevell David
Published: February 2020

The performing arts offer opportunities for the creative representation of spiritual and moral values and serve an important function in contemporary culture. Dance, and in particular ballet, has the potential through its somatic dynamics centred around graceful movement and stylised gesture, to offer an alluring spectacle of beauty and value to any audience. What we offer in this article is a philosophical, theological and spiritual reading of Matthew Bourne’s 2018 production of Swan Lake. The dance revolves around the longing of one male swan for another and the obstacles they encounter due to their desire. We argue that this work is important, not because of its homoerotic appeal, but because it offers a portrayal of universal, spiritual longing as an analogue to, and constituent of, sexual erotic yearning. Since this religious and transcendent approach to sexual love is found in Platonic, Biblical and other theological sources, we interpret the dance through these philosophical and religious lenses, but freely admit that it takes a certain purifying of the eye of the soul (as ascetics have suggested throughout the ages) to interpret the dance in this manner.
Evaluation of Dose-Fractionated Polymyxin B on Acute Kidney Injury Using a Translational
In Vivo
Rat Model
Authors: Liu Jiajun , Pais Gwendolyn M. , Avedissian Sean N. , Gilchrist Annette , Lee Andrew , Rhodes Nathaniel J. , Hauser Alan R. , Scheetz Marc H.
Published: February 2020

We investigated dose-fractionated polymyxin B (PB) on acute kidney injury (AKI). PB at 12 mg of drug/kg of body weight per day (once, twice, and thrice daily) was administered in rats over 72 h. The thrice-daily group demonstrated the highest KIM-1 increase (
P
 = 0.018) versus that of the controls (
P
 = 0.99) and histopathological damage (
P
 = 0.013). A three-compartment model best described the data (bias, 0.
LuxS/AI-2 Quorum Sensing System in Edwardsiella piscicida Promotes Biofilm Formation and Pathogenicity
Authors: Sun Yongcan , Li Yu , Luo Qian , Huang Jinjing , Chen Jiakang , Zhang Ruiqing , Wang Xuepeng
Published: February 2020

LuxS/AI-2 is an important quorum sensing system which affects the growth, biofilm formation, virulence, and metabolism of bacteria. LuxS is encoded by the
luxS
gene, but how this gene is associated with a diverse array of physiological activities in
Edwardsiella piscicida
(
E. piscicida
) is not known. Here, we constructed an
luxS
gene mutant strain, the △
luxS
strain, to identify how LuxS/AI-2 affects pathogenicity.
Neutralization Mechanism of a Monoclonal Antibody Targeting a Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Cap Protein Conformational Epitope
Authors: Huang Liping , Sun Zhenzhao , Xia Deli , Wei Yanwu , Sun Encheng , Liu Chunguo , Zhu Hongzhen , Bian Haiqiao , Wu Hongli , Feng Li , Wang Jingfei , Liu Changming
Published: February 2020

PCV2 is associated with several clinical manifestations collectively known as PCV2-associated diseases (PCVADs). Neutralizing antibodies play a crucial role in the prevention of PCVADs. We demonstrated previously that a MAb, MAb 3A5, neutralizes the PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d genotypes with different degrees of efficiency, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report the neutralization mechanism of this MAb and the structure of the PCV2 virion in complex with MAb 3A5 Fabs, showing a binding mode in which one Fab interacted with more than two loops from two adjacent capsid proteins. This binding mode has not been observed previously for PCV2-neutralizing antibodies. Our work provides new and important information for vaccine design and therapeutic antibody development against PCV2 infections.
Binding of Duck Tembusu Virus Nonstructural Protein 2A to Duck STING Disrupts Induction of Its Signal Transduction Cascade To Inhibit Beta Interferon Induction
Authors: Zhang Wei , Jiang Bowen , Zeng Miao , Duan Yanping , Wu Zhen , Wu Yuanyuan , Wang Tao , Wang Mingshu , Jia Renyong , Zhu Dekang , Liu Mafeng , Zhao Xinxin , Yang Qiao , Wu Ying , Zhang Shaqiu , Liu Yunya , Zhang Ling , Yu Yanling , Pan Leichang , Chen Shun , Cheng Anchun
Published: February 2020

Flavivirus infections are transmitted through mosquitos or ticks and lead to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide with a spectrum of manifestations. Infection with an emerging flavivirus, DTMUV, manifests with clinical symptoms that include lesions of the immune organs and neurological dysfunction, leading to heavy egg drop and causing serious harm to the duck industry in China, Thailand, Malaysia, and other Southeast Asian countries. Mosquito cells, bird cells, and mammalian cell lines are all susceptible to DTMUV infection. An
in vivo
study revealed that BALB/c mice and Kunming mice were susceptible to DTMUV after intracerebral inoculation. Moreover, there are no reports about DTMUV-related human disease, but antibodies against DTMUV and viral RNA were detected in serum samples of duck industry workers. This information implies that DTMUV has expanded its host range and may pose a threat to mammalian health. However, the pathogenesis of DTMUV is largely unclear. Our results show that NS2A strongly blocks the STING-induced signal transduction cascade by binding with STING, which subsequently blocks STING-STING binding and TBK1 phosphorylation. More importantly, the W164, Y167, or S361 residues in duSTING were identified as important interaction sites between STING and NS2A that are vital for NS2A-induced IFN production and effective phases of IFN response. Uncovering the mechanism by which DTMUV NS2A inhibits IFN in the cells of its natural hosts, ducks, will help us understand the role of NS2A in DTMUV pathogenicity.
Analysis of Dot/Icm Type IVB Secretion System Subassemblies by Cryoelectron Tomography Reveals Conformational Changes Induced by DotB Binding
Authors: Park Donghyun , Chetrit David , Hu Bo , Roy Craig R. , Liu Jun
Published: February 2020

Many bacteria use type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) to translocate proteins and nucleic acids into target cells, which promotes DNA transfer and host infection. The Dot/Icm T4SS in
Legionella pneumophila
is a multiprotein nanomachine that is known to translocate over 300 different protein effectors into eukaryotic host cells. Here, advanced cryoelectron tomography and subtomogram analysis were used to visualize the Dot/Icm machine assembly and distribution in a single
L. pneumophila
cell. Extensive classification and averaging revealed five distinct intermediates of the Dot/Icm machine at high resolution. Comparative analysis of the Dot/Icm machine and subassemblies derived from wild-type cells and several mutants provided a structural basis for understanding mechanisms that underlie the assembly and activation of the Dot/Icm machine.
Fat‐soluble vitamin deficiency and subsequent coagulopathy in a cat with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Authors: Barnes Alexander James , Gates Kathryn , Kuntz Jodi
Published: February 2020

This report describes the clinical signs, diagnostic findings and treatment of a female spayed Domestic Shorthair with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) who presented in shock due to severe gastrointestinal haemorrhage secondary to coagulopathy caused by vitamin K‐dependent clotting factor deficiency. Diagnostics revealed a prolonged prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, low trypsin‐like immunoreactvity and gross evidence of pancreatic atrophy. Gastrointestinal haemorrhage resolved quickly with transfusion of fresh frozen plasma and vitamin K supplementation. Following treatment with oral pancreatic enzyme supplementation, the cat was found to have resolution of gastrointestinal signs, improved body condition and normalisation of clotting times. Fat‐soluble vitamin levels were below the expected range and improved following treatment. This is the second report of coagulopathy in a cat with EPI and the first to describe fat‐soluble vitamin deficiency that improved with pancreatic enzyme supplementation.
Renal nephroblastoma in a 10‐month‐old boxer
Authors: Richardson Stephanie
Published: February 2020

A 10‐month‐old male entire Boxer dog was presented for weight loss and abdominal distension with a large mass palpable within the abdomen. A unilateral nephrectomy was performed for a large renal nephroblastoma (30‐cm diameter). The nephroblastoma was suspected stage I, with favourable histology (human Wilms tumour grading). No adjunctive chemotherapy was administered. The dog remains clinically well 27 months postnephrectomy. Renal nephroblastomas are rare canine neoplasms and reported survival time is variable. This case and other recent reports suggest that mean survival time may be longer than previously thought. Nephroblastomas should be considered as a differential in young dogs presenting with clinical signs of an abdominal space‐occupying lesion. The absence of azotaemia on a biochemical profile does not preclude significant renal pathology.
On the uncertainty principle in Rindler and Friedmann spacetimes
Authors: Schürmann Thomas
Published: February 2020

We revise the extended uncertainty relations for the Rindler and Friedmann spacetimes recently discussed by Dabrowski and Wagner in [9]. We reveal these results to be coordinate dependent expressions of the invariant uncertainty relations recently derived for general 3-dimensional spaces of constant curvature in [10]. Moreover, we show that the non-zero minimum standard deviations of the momentum in [9] are just artifacts caused by an unfavorable choice of coordinate systems which can be removed by standard arguments of geodesic completion.
Global dynamics of Hořava–Lifshitz cosmology with non-zero curvature and a wide range of potentials
Authors: Gao Fabao , Llibre Jaume
Published: February 2020

The global dynamics of a cosmological model based on Hořava–Lifshitz gravity in the presence of curvature is described by using the qualitative theory of differential equations.
Propagation Model of Multi-hop High-frequency Radio in Ocean Signal Attenuation
Authors: Liu Wenbin , Liu Dongbing
Published: February 2020

On the basis of propagation the characteristics of Multi-hop High-Frequency Radio waves in Marine environment, the modeling and analysis method of ocean signal reflection model are firstly introduced from the attenuation of the radio wave. Then the difference between the influence of ocean and earth on wireless communication is studied. By studying the influence of ship on the loss of radio wave propagation, the original ocean model is improved. Finally, an ocean signal reflection model suitable for different marine environments is obtained.