bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Next-generation applications for integrated perovskite solar cells
Authors: Bati Abdulaziz S. R. , Zhong Yu Lin , Burn Paul L. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Shaw Paul E. , Batmunkh Munkhbayar
Published: January 2023

Organic/inorganic metal halide perovskites attract substantial attention as key materials for next-generation photovoltaic technologies due to their potential for low cost, high performance, and solution processability. The unique properties of perovskites and the rapid advances that have been made in solar cell performance have facilitated their integration into a broad range of practical applications, including tandem solar cells, building-integrated photovoltaics, space applications, integration with batteries and supercapacitors for energy storage systems, and photovoltaic-driven catalysis. In this Review, we outline notable achievements that have been made in these photovoltaic-integrated technologies. Outstanding challenges and future perspectives for the development of these fields and potential next-generation applications are discussed.
A topographic hinge-zone divides coastal and inland ice dynamic regimes in East Antarctica
Authors: Andersen Jane L. , Newall Jennifer C. , Fredin Ola , Glasser Neil F. , Lifton Nathaniel A. , Stuart Finlay M. , Fabel Derek , Caffee Marc , Pedersen Vivi K. , Koester Alexandria J. , Suganuma Yusuke , Harbor Jonathan M. , Stroeven Arjen P.
Published: January 2023

The impact of late Cenozoic climate on the East Antarctic Ice Sheet is uncertain. Poorly constrained patterns of relative ice thinning and thickening impair the reconstruction of past ice-sheet dynamics and global sea-level budgets. Here we quantify long-term ice cover of mountains protruding the ice-sheet surface in western Dronning Maud Land, using cosmogenic Chlorine-36, Aluminium-26, Beryllium-10, and Neon-21 from bedrock in an inverse modeling approach. We find that near-coastal sites experienced ice burial up to 75–97% of time since 1 Ma, while interior sites only experienced brief periods of ice burial, generally <20% of time since 1 Ma. Based on these results, we suggest that the escarpment in Dronning Maud Land acts as a hinge-zone, where ice-dynamic changes driven by grounding-line migration are attenuated inland from the coastal portions of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, and where precipitation-controlled ice-thickness variations on the polar plateau taper off towards the coast.
Effects of cation superstructure ordering on oxygen redox stability in O2-type lithium-rich layered oxides
Authors: Eum Donggun , Jang Ho-Young , Kim Byunghoon , Chung Jinkyu , Kim Dokyung , Cho Sung-Pyo , Song Seok Hyun , Kang Seongmin , Yu Seungju , Park Sung-O , Song Jun-Hyuk , Kim Hyungsub , Tamwattana Orapa , Kim Do-Hoon , Lim Jongwoo , Kang Kisuk
Published: January 2023

We report that the presence of superstructure ordering serves as an important building block in securing the long-term stability of the oxygen redox activity in O2-type lithium-rich layered oxides.
Plasma-etched CeO2 nanorods with rich defect sites and acidity for dichloroethane oxidation
Authors: Huo Can , Xue Fan , Jiang Jinlin , Xia Ming , Liu Qing , Cui Mifen , Pan Yuan , Fei Zhaoyang , Qiao Xu
Published: January 2023

Adjusting the structure and surface profiles of CeO2 could significantly modify its catalytic performance for CVOCs.
Noble metal nanodendrites: growth mechanisms, synthesis strategies and applications
Authors: Guo Ke , Xu Dongdong , Xu Lin , Li Yafei , Tang Yawen
Published: January 2023

This review highlights the research progress of noble metal nanodendrites in terms of growth mechanisms, synthesis approaches and applications.
A melanin-inspired robust aerogel for multifunctional water remediation
Authors: Yang Peng , Bai Wanjie , Zou Yuan , Zhang Xueqian , Yang Yiyan , Duan Gaigai , Wu Jinrong , Xu Yuanting , Li Yiwen
Published: January 2023

Inspired by the melanin in nature, a robust all-in-one aerogel was construct for organic dye and heavy metal ion contaminant adsorption, oil–water separation and solar-driven steam generation to achieve multifunctional water remediation.
Paired electrochemical C–H bromination of (hetero)arenes with 2-bromoethan-1-ol
Authors: Lv Yanxia , Hou Zhong-Wei , Li Pinhua , Wang Lei
Published: January 2023

A site-selective electrochemical C–H bromination of (hetero)arenes with 2-bromoethan-1-ol by releasing available ethylene oxide and hydrogen through paired electrolysis has been developed.
Quantification of the PO⋯HN hydrogen bond in the binding of creatinine with phosphonate calix[4]pyrroles
Authors: Sierra Andrés Felipe , Aragay Gemma , Gomila Rosa M. , Ballester Pablo
Published: January 2023

We thermodynamically characterize the inclusion complexes between mono- and bis-phosphonate calix[4]pyrrole cavitands with hexyl-creatinine and estimated the energetic contribution provided by the intramolecular PO⋯HN hydrogen bond.
An oxanorbornene-fused nanocage consisting of hexaazatrinaphthylene and pyrene units
Authors: Ye Liping , Chen Han , Miao Qian
Published: January 2023

A new oxanorbornene-fused nanocage withD3hsymmetry was synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Reductive aromatization of this nanocage led to the observation of the corresponding fully conjugated nanocage by mass spectroscopy.
Few-layer MoS2 nanosheets with and without silicon nanoparticles as anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Marriam Ifra , Tebyetekerwa Mike , Chen Hao , Chathuranga Hiran , Motta Nunzio , Alarco Jose A. , He Zhen-Jiang , Zheng Jun-Chao , Du Aijun , Yan Cheng
Published: January 2023

NaCl crystals are employed as a substrate to grow MoS2 nanosheets. On dissolving NaCl, the nanosheets are introduced to silicon nanoparticles using layer-by-layer assembly forming robust MoS2@Si anodes for lithium-ion batteries.
Rural Mutual Pension Benefits Production Path
Authors: Yang Hong , Gao Rui , Bao Liyan
Published: January 2023

Rural mutual pension mode is the current rural endowment problem increasingly prominent; pension problems such as insufficient resources grew out of a new type of pension mode. Diversification of it has low cost, etc. The article will benefit mutual production theory is introduced into the support problem. Through exploring mutual benefits production model and the support from the corresponding relationship between, to explore the development path, provides the sustainable development of rural mutual endowment formation.
Research on Protection and Inheritance of Red Revolutionary Buildings -- A Case Study of Geyuan Town, Hengfeng County, Jiangxi Province
Authors: Zhu Yanfang , Xu Feijin , Wei Wei , Wang Ruiqin
Published: January 2023

This study paper takes the Red Revolution architecture in Geyuan Town as an example. By discussing the value of Red Revolution architecture, so as to better recognize the current situation and problems of Red Revolution architecture in Jiyuan Town. Finally, it put forward the suggestions on the protection and inheritance of the Red Revolution architecture.
Research on the Protection and Renewal of Wanshougong Historical and Cultural Block from the Perspective of Living Inheritance
Authors: Wu Ning , Zhou Rui , Fu Yihui
Published: January 2023

As an important part of the historical and cultural city, with the acceleration of urbanization, the protection of the block will face many challenges, aiming at the problems of breaking the traditional texture of the streets and alleys, the carrier of cultural inheritance has been destroyed, how to achieve the connection between historical inheritance and the development of the times, it is urgent to study the corresponding mode and method. From the perspective of living inheritance, this paper compares the before and after the renovation of Nanchang Wanshougong historical and cultural district through the field research and literature investigation of Nanchang Wanshougong, explores the application of intangible cultural heritage in the renewal and transformation of historical and cultural districts, and puts forward feasible suggestions for the shortcomings of historical and cultural districts after transformation.
Establish Open Computer Laboratories to Cultivate Innovative Talents and Promote Local Economic and Social Development
Authors: Su Youbang
Published: January 2023

With the continuous development of higher education and talent training mode in China, the construction of open computer laboratory has become an important practice base for talent training in universities and promoting local economic and social development. How to manage and maintain the laboratory scientifically and effectively and provide a good and innovative learning environment for teachers and students is an important problem that all managers of open computer laboratories must face and urgently need to solve. In this paper, we take the construction of open computer laboratory in Pu'er University as an example, combined with the social requirements for the cultivation of innovative talents and the service of local economy, and explore new ideas for the construction of open computer laboratory to promote the cultivation of innovative talents and the development of local economic communities, which has a certain reference value for the construction of computer laboratory in local comprehensive universities.
Thinking on the Reform of Experimental Teaching Scene Based on the Integration of Industry and Finance
Authors: Zhang Yuqiang
Published: January 2023

The technological transformation of big data, artificial intelligence, mobile internet and cloud computing have promoted the transformation of enterprise business model, and the experimental teaching in colleges and universities also needs to be reformed. Based on the business integration experiment teaching, this paper puts forward some thoughts on how to reform the experiment teaching from the aspects of teaching scene design, teaching scene selection, teaching scene interest, teaching method design and so on; It is proposed that the business integration experiment should pay attention to the students' experience, enhance the enthusiasm and initiative of the students in the experimental teaching, strengthen the training of the students' data thinking ability, and cultivate the students' data analysis ability under the integration of industry and finance.
Research on the Strategy of Improving the Effectiveness of College Students’ Legal Education in the Information Age -Taking China as an example
Authors: Ma Xinxin , Wan Yangxu
Published: January 2023

With the continuous improvement of the level of information, we have entered the network era. In this paper, the legal education of college students this problem, combined with the characteristics of the Internet age and the status of the rule of law education of college students, analysis of the current network of college students the problems of the rule of law education, indicating the necessity and enthusiasm of the rule of law education of college students network, studied the reform of legal education of college students in the Internet age.
The Cost Control Analysis and Countermeasure Research of Haier Based on the Multiple Regression Analysis
Authors: Yang Long
Published: January 2023

This paper analyzes the total operating cost of Haier Electric by adopting the SPSS software and multiple regression analysis, and tries to find out the most significant factors that affect the cost control of Haier Electric. It also adopts the trend analysis method to analyze the financial indicators of Haier Electric on the significant factors in recent years. The results show that Haier Electric has a poor cost control on these factors. Finally, combined with the data and the company's characteristics, we try to put forward some suggestions on how to improve the cost control strategy and methods of Haier Electric.
Analysis of Influencing Factors of Gas Concentration in Fully Mechanized Coal Face Based on GPA
Authors: Zhang Lizhi , Li Xuewen
Published: January 2023

There are many factors that affect the gas concentration in the fully mechanized coal mining face, and only by making clear the internal relations among various factors can we better predict the underground safety production situation. In view of the characteristics that GRA can be used for statistical analysis between multiple dependent variables and multiple independent variables, based on the basic principle of gray correlation analysis, a group sequence gray correlation analysis method suitable for the statistical analysis of gas concentration in fully mechanized coal mining faces is established. First, analyze and select the influencing factors of the gas concentration in the fully mechanized mining face, and then use the gray correlation analysis method to verify the influencing factors. Finally, select the gas concentration in the inlet air flow, the gas concentration in the upper corner, the gas concentration in the return air flow, the gas emission, the wind speed, the coal cutting speed of the shearer, and the atmospheric pressure to form the gas concentration influencing factor system.
Research on User Interface Design of Home Appliances Based on Behavioural Logic
Authors: Xia Chunyan
Published: January 2023

It is to solve the usability problem of user interface of home appliances under the development trend of home appliance automation, informatization and multi-function through the design of home appliance user interface dominated by user behavioral logic. It uses the methods of comparative analysis and empirical analysis, and it's distilled and compared the main difference between behavioral logic-based user interface and the functional logic-based user interface of home appliances, and then it summarizes and analyzes the main characteristics and advantages of behavioural logic-based user interface. The design ideas of behavioral logic-based user interface based on design psychology and other theories are provided, including that the behavioural logic-based user interface design of home appliances should be based on the user's mental model, and the user's cognitive experience of the task scene and its elements of decision-making process should be extracted, and the user interface should be organized according to the information of common operation scenes and the operation paths, and so on.
The Way of the Craftsman to the Truth
Authors: Hou Tianshu
Published: January 2023

Skilled workers and craftsmen are the basis of industrial production activities. The lack of skilled workers means the lack of industrial production. Driven by the tide of anti-globalization, it has further become the lack of national power. This article will explore how skilled workers and craftsmen acquire skills and knowledge through methods other than basic education, so as to find a way to quickly train skilled workers and expand the skilled worker group. At the same time, it also discusses the epistemological approach of how human beings acquire knowledge in the post-industrial age.
The Effects of Abutment Finish Lines on the Penetration Characteristics of Elastomers into the Simulated Gingival Sulcus
Authors: Jaroenpiboon Atiwat , Apinsathanon Pongsakorn , Na Nan Pheeradej , Aimjirakul Napapa
Published: January 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of finish lines on the penetration ability of polyether and polyvinyl siloxane impression material into the simulated gingival sulcus.

Materials and Methods Three types of finish line (chamfer, deep chamfer, and radial shoulder) were impressed with two types of elastomeric impression material (polyether and polyvinyl siloxane) using a two-step impression technique. Ten samples of each finish line were prepared and then separated into two groups of impression material: polyether and polyvinyl siloxane. The model of the simulated gingival sulcus had a width of 0.1 mm and a depth of 3.5 mm with a subgingival finish line of 0.5 mm. The effect of the finish lines on the penetration ability of these impression materials was analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's multiple comparison tests at a statistically significant level of 0.05.

Results A two-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference among finish lines, impression materials, and their interaction. The deep chamfer and radial shoulder finish lines displayed significantly higher penetration ability than the chamfer finish line. Moreover, polyether revealed significantly higher penetration ability than polyvinyl siloxane.

Conclusion The finish lines affected the penetration ability of the impression materials. Therefore, the simulated gingival sulcus model demonstrates that it is an effective way of examining impression materials' penetration abilities.
Artificial neurons based on antiferromagnetic auto-oscillators as a platform for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Bradley H. , Louis S. , Trevillian C. , Quach L. , Bankowski E. , Slavin A. , Tyberkevych V.
Published: January 2023

Spiking artificial neurons emulate the voltage spikes of biological neurons and constitute the building blocks of a new class of energy efficient, neuromorphic computing systems. Antiferromagnetic materials can, in theory, be used to construct spiking artificial neurons. When configured as a neuron, the magnetization in antiferromagnetic materials has an effective inertia that gives them intrinsic characteristics that closely resemble biological neurons, in contrast with conventional artificial spiking neurons. It is shown here that antiferromagnetic neurons have a spike duration on the order of picoseconds, a power consumption of about 10−3 pJ per synaptic operation, and built-in features that directly resemble biological neurons, including response latency, refraction, and inhibition. It is also demonstrated that antiferromagnetic neurons interconnected into physical neural networks can perform unidirectional data processing even for passive symmetrical interconnects. The flexibility of antiferromagnetic neurons is illustrated by simulations of simple neuromorphic circuits realizing Boolean logic gates and controllable memory loops.
Pharmaceutical pollution in marine waters and benthic flora of the southern Australian coastline
Authors: Long Benjamin M. , Harriage Samantha , Schultz Nick L. , Sherman Craig D. H. , Thomas Michael
Published: January 2023

Environmental context Most human pharmaceutical waste is discharged to the environment. While the presence of pharmaceuticals in freshwater systems is well documented globally, little is known of the impact on marine ecosystems. We measured pharmaceuticals in a marine environment in south-eastern Australia and found pharmaceutical concentrations around 24 000 times higher in benthic flora than in the marine surface waters. We discuss the potential use of seaweeds as biological indicators of pharmaceutical pollution. Rationale Pharmaceuticals are emerging pollutants of concern with a range of adverse consequences for organisms and ecosystems. Their presence in freshwater and estuarine systems has been well documented, but less is known about their prevalence in open ocean, or their uptake by benthic flora. This preliminary survey of the southern Australian coastline sought to measure the concentrations of key pharmaceuticals in both surface waters and benthic flora. Methodology This study used LC-MS/MS to measure the concentration carbamazepine, tramadol and venlafaxine in (1) samples from wastewater treatment plants, (2) ocean surface waters and (3) several species of benthic flora. Surface waters and benthic flora were sampled at two sites near waste water treatment plant (WWTP) discharges, and one site away from any discharge. Results All three pharmaceuticals were detected in surface water samples with their risk assessed (via risk quotient) as medium risk (carbamazepine) or low risk (venlafaxine, tramadol). All three pharmaceuticals were also detected in benthic flora, particularly in brown macroalgae; Tramadol was measured at a maximum of 34.7 ng g−1 in Hormosira banksii, and Venlafaxine was recorded at a maximum of 17.3 ng g−1 in Caulocystis cephalornithos. Discussion The calculated bioconcentration factors suggest the pharmaceutical concentrations in benthic flora were up to ~24 000 times higher than in surrounding surface water. There was also evidence that proximity to WWTP outfalls influenced the levels of pharmaceuticals in benthic flora. The results suggest that the benthic flora may be suitable bioindicators of pharmaceutical contamination and that the potential impacts of pharmaceutical pollutants in marine ecosystems demand further investigation.
Fe1+y
Te
x
Se1-
x
: A Delicate and Tunable Majorana Material
Authors: Yang Fazhi , Phan Giao Ngoc , Zhang Renjie , Zhao Jin , Li Jiajun , Lu Zouyouwei , Schneeloch John , Zhong Ruidan , Ma Mingwei , Gu Genda , Dong Xiaoli , Qian Tian , Ding Hong
Published: January 2023

We report the observation for the pz
electron band and the band inversion in Fe1 + y
Te
x
Se1–x
with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Furthermore, we found that excess Fe (y > 0) inhibits the topological band inversion in Fe1 + y
Te
x
Se1 – x
, which explains the absence of Majorana zero modes in previous reports for Fe1+y
Te
x
Se1 – x
with excess Fe. Based on our analysis of different amounts of Te doping and excess Fe, we propose a delicate topological phase in this material. Thanks to this delicate phase, one may be able to tune the topological transition via applying lattice strain or carrier doping.
Generation and delivery of free hydroxyl radicals using a remote plasma
Authors: McQuaid H N , Rutherford D , Mariotti D , Maguire P D
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate a new gas-based

O

H

∙

generation source using a low power radio frequency driven atmospheric pressure plasma configured to deliver the radical flux into the far effluent region, well away from interference from other plasma factors such as electric fields, currents, and ultraviolet radiation. Using He–H2O gas chemistry isolated from the laboratory air, the plasma generated flux contains

O

H

∙

and other radicals including, O and HO2 as well as H2O2 which, along with, was found to vary with H2O vapour content and absorbed power density. Peak flux values were 2.3 nmol s−1 and 0.23 nmol s1 for H2O2 and

O

H

∙

respectively at a distance of 50 mm from the plasma, with 790 ppmv H2O and a power density of ∼108 W m−3. The maximum

O

H

∙

flux density was 4.5 × 1019 m−2s−1 falling to 1.7 × 1019 m2 s1 at 110 mm, equivalent to generation rates of 74 µM s1 and 28 µM s−1. Despite high

O

H

∙

recombination rates at the plasma exit, the escaping flux is still significant, indicating a viable delivery capability to downstream targets. Its performance with regard to

O

H

∙

generation rates compares well with traditional

O

H

∙

generation techniques such as radiolysis, advanced oxidation processes and enhanced Fenton-chemistry approaches where

O

H

∙

production rates are sub-µM s−1. Delivering precisely quantifiable

O

H

∙

fluxes provides new opportunities for scientific studies and technological opportunities in cell biology, atmospheric chemistry, protein unfolding and systematic dose studies for plasma-based and other

O

H

∙

related potential medical treatments.
Evaluation of residual stresses in CO2 laser beam welding of SS316L weldments using FEA
Authors: Vemanaboina Harinadh , Babu M Mohan , Prerana Inguva Chinmaya , Gundabattini Edison , Yelamasetti Balram , Saxena Kuldeep K , Salem Karrar Hazim , Khan Muhammad Ijaz , Eldin Sayed M , Agrawal Manoj Kumar
Published: January 2023

Laser welding is used in critical component production when tight tolerances like minimal distortions and residual stresses are required. Laser beam welding offers a lower heat input, a smaller heat affected zone, lower residual stresses, minimum distortions, and greater mechanical joint characteristics than conventional welding does. In order to simulate the laser welding process used on SS316L plates, the Gaussian heat source model was used. The model is developed and simulated with volumetric heat source model with APDL coding using ANSYS. The thermal profiles at the joint cross sections via welded area, interface across joints is taken for the analysis. The maximum temperature was observed at the fusion zone and associated zones. The residual stresses are analysed in the same path and found the stresses are in safe limits of base material. Predicted and experimentally measured residual stresses are close agreement with 10%.
Operational attribution of weather and climate extremes: what next?
Authors: Stott Peter A , Christidis Nikolaos
Published: January 2023

The science of event attribution has developed considerably in recent years. There is now a growing interest in making this science operational. This perspective considers the challenges involved in doing this and suggests some priorities for further developments. It concludes that there is a requirement to deepen understanding of user needs for operational attribution, that further research will be needed to enable attribution of a wider variety of extreme events and their impacts, that there will have to be a greater underpinning of operational capability for such activities to be achievable, and that improved strategies for communicating results are needed for successful uptake by users.
Social Isolation, Sleep Disturbance, and Cognitive Functioning (HRS): A Longitudinal Mediation Study
Authors: Qi Xiang , Pei Yaolin , Malone Susan K , Wu Bei
Published: January 2023

Background

Social isolation is prevalent and associated with dementia, yet the directionality and mechanisms are less understood. This study examined the association between social isolation and cognitive functioning and explored the mediating role of sleep disturbance on the social isolation–cognition relationship.

Methods

Data from 5 753 dementia-free Americans aged ≥50 of 2006 (T1), 2010 (T2), and 2014 (T3) waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Social isolation was measured by the Steptoe Social Isolation Index. Cognitive functioning was measured by the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status. Sleep disturbance was measured with the modified Jenkins Sleep Scale. We used cross-lagged panel models to determine the associations between social isolation, sleep disturbance, and cognitive functioning.

Results

Social isolation is significantly associated with subsequent cognitive functioning (T1 to T2: β = −0.055, standard error [SE] = 0.014, p < .001; T2 to T3: β = −0.044, SE = 0.016, p < .001). Lower cognitive functioning is significantly associated with greater subsequent social isolation (T1 to T2: β = −0.101, SE = 0.020, p < .001; T2 to T3: β = −0.058, SE = .011, p < .001). Sleep disturbance at T2 partially mediated the effect of social isolation (T1) on cognitive functioning (T3), accounting for 6.2% of the total effect (β = −0.003, SE = 0.001, p < .01).

Conclusions

Social isolation may deteriorate cognitive functioning and vice versa. The association between social isolation and cognition is partially explained by sleep disturbance.
Ulnar osteotomy and monolateral external fixator for the treatment of chronic Monteggia fractures in children: comparison between gradual and acute radial head reduction
Authors: Liu Yanhan , Shi Weizhe , Li Yiqiang , Hong Kai , Li Jingchun , Xun Fuxin , Canavese Federico , Xu Hongwen
Published: January 2023

This study evaluated the outcomes of chronic Monteggia fractures (CMFs) treated by ulnar osteotomy and monolateral external fixator (MEF), and compare the outcome of gradual versus acute radial head reduction. Two groups of patients were identified. Group 1: gradual reduction of the radial head (n = 13); group 2: acute reduction (n = 6). Clinical outcome was evaluated by Kim Elbow Score, whereas radiographic outcome was assessed on plain radiographs. The effect of age, side, time from initial trauma to surgery, rate of unplanned surgery, amount of angulation and lengthening, and final outcome were evaluated. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with good radiographic outcome. Thirteen patients underwent gradual correction of the ulna. The mean duration of correction was 43.4 days (range, 21–82); the mean angulation and lengthening of the ulna were 22.8° (range, 0°–35°) and 22.2 mm (range, 12.2–40.9), respectively. Six patients underwent acute reduction intraoperatively, the mean angulation and lengthening of the ulna were 17.2° (range, 4°–33.9°) and 5.2 mm (range, 2.5–12.2), respectively. CMF treated by ulnar osteotomy and gradual distraction had better radiological outcome (Group 1; 92.3% 12/13) than those treated by acute reduction of the radial head (Group 2; 3/6, 50%) (P = 0.071). Reoperation rate was found to be significantly correlated with a fair or poor radiographic results (P = 0.016). Good clinical and radiological outcomes should be expected in CMF patients treated by gradual lengthening and angulation of the ulna with a MEF.
Major pathological remissions in a patient with stage IIIA nonsmall cell lung cancer after neoadjuvant tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Li Lu-Zhen , Lin Si-Hong , Wu Le-Xia , Chen Ting , Zhuang Juan-Na , Lai Hui-Qin , Liang Zhan-Peng , Zhu Wan-Shan , Li Wen-Xia , Tang Lu , Zhang Hua-Tang , Fang Can-Tu
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Currently, there are few reports of patients with locally advanced lung cancer achieving a clinical complete response by medical treatment. Preoperative neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is an option for patients with unresectable, locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) which is of great potential, and may change traditional treatment paradigms. There are relatively few large-scale, high-quality randomized-controlled trials yet, and limitations such as short postoperative follow-up period and immature disease-free survival and overall survival data still persist. Thus, evidence-based medical evidence is urgently needed. It is worthy to explore the further treatment of patients who achieved complete response after initial treatment, though lacking of evidence by now.

Case presentation

We report a stage IIIA lung squamous cell carcinoma case who achieved a major pathologic remission after neoadjuvant treatment with tislelizumab and chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Our case study contributes to the existing evidence on the feasibility, efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in locally advanced unresectable NSCLC.
Clinical significance of black-bluish discoloration of the abdominal wall in the newborn
Authors: Chen Yu-Han , Chung Hao-Wei , Chen Hsiu-Lin , Chang Yu-Tang
Published: January 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of the newborn with black-bluish discoloration of the abdominal wall (blue abdomen).

Methods

Between December 2007 and November 2016, neonates with blue abdomen referred for the suspicion of spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical features and their prognosis were analyzed.

Results

During the study period, there were 10 neonates with blue abdomen. Of them, five neonates were proven as having SIP and the others were free of perforation. Enteral feeding was significantly associated with SIP (P = 0.038); however, gestational age, birth weight, gender, the timing of presentation, white blood cell count, platelets count, and the use of indomethacin as well as surfactant therapy were not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.338, 0.610, 0.490, 0.326, 0.084, 0.741, 0.292, and 0.197, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in survival between the two groups (P = 0.490).

Conclusions

Black-bluish discoloration of the abdominal wall may be a classical physical finding of SIP, but not be specific to SIP. The factor of enteral feeding might help to establish an appropriate diagnosis before invasive procedures. Because of high mortality, exploratory laparotomy should be avoided if there is no pneumoperitoneum.
What is known and what is still unknown within chronic musculoskeletal pain? A systematic evidence and gap map
Authors: Lyng Kristian D. , Djurtoft Chris , Bruun Malene K. , Christensen Mads N. , Lauritsen Rikke E. , Larsen Jesper B. , Birnie Kathryn A. , Stinson Jennifer , Hoegh Morten S. , Palsson Thorvaldur S. , Olesen Anne E. , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Ehlers Lars H. , Fonager Kirsten , Jensen Martin B. , Würtzen Hanne , Poulin Patricia A. , Handberg Gitte , Ziegler Connie , Moeller Lars B. , Olsen Judi , Heise Lotte , Rathleff Michael S.
Published: January 2023

Evidence and gap maps (EGMs) can be used to identify gaps within specific research areas and help guide future research agendas and directions. Currently, there are no EGMs within the broad domain of chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain in adults. The aim of this study was to create a contemporary EGM of interventions and outcomes used for research investigating chronic MSK pain. This EGM was based on systematic reviews of interventions published in scientific journals within the past 20 years. Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO were used to retrieve studies for inclusion. The quality of the included reviews was assessed using AMSTAR-II. Interventions were categorised as either physical, psychological, pharmacological, education/advice, interdisciplinary, or others. Outcomes were categorised using the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT) recommendations. Of 4299 systematic reviews, 457 were included. Of these, 50% were rated critically low quality, 25% low quality, 10% moderate quality, and 15% rated high quality. Physical interventions (eg, exercise therapy) and education were the most common interventions reported in 80% and 20% of the studies, respectively. Pain (97%) and physical functioning (87%) were the most reported outcomes in the systematic reviews. Few systematic reviews used interdisciplinary interventions (3%) and economic-related outcomes (2%). This contemporary EGM revealed a low proportion of high-quality evidence within chronic MSK pain. This EGM clearly outlines the lack of high-quality research and the need for increased focus on interventions encompassing the entire biopsychosocial perspective.
Development of an electronic medical record provider evaluation template for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Gipson-McElroy Kamala , Pike Nancy A.
Published: January 2023

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral condition in children. Current guidelines recommend that Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-V) criteria be met before diagnosing ADHD. However, 14–49% of providers are not documenting the use of DSM-V criteria in screening and diagnosis. The use of a standardized electronic health record (EHR) ADHD template is a potential option to assist providers with documenting the DSM-V criteria. The aim for this project was to provide a 1-hour educational in-service on the use of the DSM-V criteria, Vanderbilt rating scale, and a revised EHR ADHD template, and to assess provider use pre and post intervention. Results showed that few providers (n = 1; 2%) document using DSM-V criteria preintervention and post intervention with only a modest increase in template use (n = 3; 5%). However, there were statistical differences between provider type with advanced practice registered nurses and physician assistants screening more frequently using the EHR DSM-V ADHD template compared with physicians (p = .009). Future studies are needed to evaluate barriers to use, including practice preference, openness to change, and other factors that may affect provider workflow.
Identifying barriers and facilitators for nurse practitioners' opioid management of chronic pain
Authors: Kim Hyunsoo , Korzynski Alexandra , Hershberger Patricia E. , Durham Marianne L.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Drug overdose deaths greatly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, with 100,306 cases occurring in the United States over 12 months from 2020 to 2021, an increase of 28.5% from the year before. Three quarters of these deaths involved opioids, and this epidemic has seriously complicated chronic pain management. The role of nurse practitioners (NPs) in opioid prescription has expanded since Affordable Care Act passage in 2010, but their prescription of opioids for chronic pain management is not well understood.

Objectives:

This integrative review aimed to identify barriers, facilitators, and other factors influencing NPs' management of chronic pain with opioids.

Data sources: :

Five databases were searched for the highest level of evidence in articles published from 2011 to 2021. Search results were refined to focus on NPs' chronic pain management via opioid prescription.

Conclusions:

Nine studies were selected for the review. Six identified themes were indicative of barriers, facilitators, and other factors affecting NPs' opioid management: nurse practitioner education, patient subjectivity and patient education, systemic change and alternative treatment access, interprofessional collaboration, nurse practitioner prescriptive authority, and practice environment. States and schools of nursing should modify policy and curricula to better support NPs' opioid management and reduce associated prescription barriers.

Implications for practice:

NPs' opioid management can best be improved by providing them with current guideline-based education regarding opioid prescription, emphasizing patient education, supplying NPs with systemic support, encouraging interprofessional collaboration, and solving the prescriptive authority issues. Enhancing NPs' opioid prescription and chronic pain management knowledge would help to mitigate the opioid epidemic.
Is it the time to integrate novel sequencing technologies into clinical practice?
Authors: VanOudenhove Jennifer , Halene Stephanie , Mendez Lourdes
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review

The aim of this study was to provide insight into how novel next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques are set to revolutionize clinical practice.

Recent findings

Advances in sequencing technologies have focused on improved capture of mutations and reads and cellular resolution. Both short and long read DNA sequencing technology are being refined and combined in novel ways with other multiomic approaches to gain unprecedented biological insight into disease. Single-cell (sc)DNA-seq and integrated scDNA-seq with immunophenotyping provide granular information on disease composition such as clonal hierarchy, co-mutation status, zygosity, clonal diversity and genotype phenotype correlations. These and other techniques can identify rare cell populations providing the opportunity for increased sensitivity in measurable residual disease monitoring and precise characterization of residual clones permitting distinction of leukemic from pre/nonmalignant clones.

Increasing genetics-based mechanistic insights and classification of myeloid diseases along with a decrease in the cost of high-throughput NGS mean novel sequencing technologies are closer to being a reality in standard clinical practice. These technologies are poised to improve diagnostics, our ability to monitor treatment response and minimal residual disease and allow the study of premalignant conditions such as clonal haematopoiesis.
The Defense of Shangri-La: A Thought Experiment of Periodic Community-wide Screening in the Future Pandemic
Authors: Duan Anqi , Li Jian , Yang Zhen , He Yungang
Published: January 2023

Objectives

In a dangerous future pandemic without effective vaccines and medicines, a reliable screening-and-isolation strategy can be the last opportunity to keep critical facilities and communities running and avoid a complete shutdown.

Methods

In this study, we introduced an epidemiological model that included essential parameters of infection transmission and screening. With varying parameters, we studied the dynamics of viral infection in the semi-isolated communities.

Results

In the scenario with a periodic infection screening once per 3 days and a viral basic reproduction number 3.0, more than 85% of the infection waves have a duration less than 7 days and the infection size in each of the waves is generally less than 4 individuals when the efficiency of infection discovery is 0.9 in the screening. When the period of screening was elongated to once per 7 days, the cases of infection dramatically increased to 5 folds of that mentioned previously. Further, with a weak discovery efficiency of 0.7 and the aforementioned low screening frequency, the spread of infection would be out of control.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that frequent periodic screening is capable of controlling a future epidemic in a semi-isolated community without vaccines and medicines.
Extensive diversity in RNA termination and regulation revealed by transcriptome mapping for the Lyme pathogenB. burgdorferi
Authors: Petroni Emily , Esnault Caroline , Tetreault Daniel , Dale Ryan K. , Storz Gisela , Adams Philip P.
Published: January 2023

Transcription termination is an essential and dynamic process that can tune gene expression in response to diverse molecular signals. Yet, the genomic positions, molecular mechanisms, and regulatory consequences of termination have only been studied thoroughly in model bacteria. We employed complementary RNA-seq approaches to map RNA ends for the transcriptome of the spirocheteBorrelia burgdorferi– the etiological agent of Lyme disease. By systematically mappingB. burgdorferiRNA ends at single nucleotide resolution, we delineated complex gene arrangements and operons and mapped untranslated regions (UTRs) and small RNAs (sRNAs). We experimentally tested modes ofB. burgdorferitranscription termination and compared our findings to observations inE. coli,P. aeruginosa, andB. subtilis. We discovered 63% ofB. burgdorferiRNA 3′ ends map upstream or internal to open reading frames (ORFs), suggesting novel mechanisms of regulation. Northern analysis confirmed the presence of stable 5′ derived RNAs from mRNAs encoding gene products involved in the unique infectious cycle ofB. burgdorferi. We suggest these RNAs resulted from premature termination and regulatory events, including forms ofcis-acting regulation. For example, we documented that the polyamine spermidine globally influences the generation of truncated mRNAs. In one case, we showed that high spermidine concentrations increased levels of RNA fragments derived from an mRNA encoding a spermidine import system, with a concomitant decrease in levels of the full- length mRNA. Collectively, our findings revealed new insight into transcription termination and uncovered an abundance of potential RNA regulators.
Generalized tree structure to annotate untargeted metabolomics and stable isotope tracing data
Authors: Li Shuzhao , Zheng Shujian
Published: January 2023

In untargeted metabolomics, multiple ions are often measured for each original metabolite, including isotopic forms and in-source modifications, such as adducts and fragments. Without prior knowledge of the chemical identity or formula, computational organization and interpretation of these ions is challenging, which is the deficit of previous software tools that perform the task using network algorithms. We propose here a generalized tree structure to annotate ions to relationships to the original compound and infer neutral mass. An algorithm is presented to convert mass distance networks to this tree structure with high fidelity. This method is useful for both regular untargeted metabolomics and stable isotope tracing experiments. It is implemented as a Python package (khipu), and provides a JSON format for easy data exchange and software interoperability. By generalized pre-annotation, khipu makes it feasible to connect metabolomics data with common data science tools, and supports flexible experimental designs.
The assembly landscape of the complete B-repeat superdomain fromStaphylococcus epidermidisstrain 1457
Authors: Yarawsky Alexander E. , Herr Andrew B.
Published: January 2023

The accumulation-associated protein (Aap) is the primary determinant ofStaphylococcus epidermidisdevice-related infections. The B-repeat superdomain is responsible for intercellular adhesion that leads to the development of biofilms occurring in such infections. It was recently demonstrated that Zn-induced B-repeat assembly leads to formation of functional amyloid fibrils, which offer strength and stability to the biofilm. Rigorous biophysical studies of Aap B-repeats fromS. epidermidisstrain RP62A revealed Zn-induced assembly into a stable, reversible dimer and tetramer, prior to aggregation into amyloid fibrils. Genetic manipulation is not tractable for manyS. epidermidisstrains, including RP62A; instead, many genetic studies have used strain 1457. Therefore, to better connect findings from biophysical and structural studies of B-repeats toin vivostudies, the B-repeat superdomain from strain 1457 was examined. Differences between the B-repeats from strain RP62A and 1457 include the number of B-repeats, which has been shown to play a critical role in assembly into amyloid fibrils, as well as the distribution of consensus and variant B-repeat subtypes, which differ in assembly competency and thermal stability. Detailed investigation of the Zn-induced assembly of the full B-repeat supderdomain from strain 1457 was conducted using analytical ultracentrifugation. Whereas the previous construct from RP62A (Brpt5.5) formed a stable tetramer prior to aggregation, Brpt6.5 from 1457 forms extremely large stable species on the order of 28- and 32-mers, prior to aggregation into similar amyloid fibrils. Importantly, both assembly pathways proceed through the same mechanism of dimerization and tetramerization, and both conclude with the formation of amyloid-like fibrils. Theoretical discussions of the energy landscape of B-repeats from different strains and of different length are provided with considerations of biological implications.

Statement of Significance

Staphylococcus epidermidisis a major pathogen responsible for device-related infections. The primary factor responsible for such infections is the accumulation-associated protein, Aap, through its ability to mediate formation of dense surface-adherent communities of bacteria known as biofilms. Our lab recently demonstrated that the B-repeat superdomain of Aap from strain RP62A undergoes Zn-dependent assembly to form functional amyloid fibrils that improve the strength and resilience of biofilmsin vitro. These amyloid fibrils may be responsible for the difficulty in treating device-related infections. However, strain 1457 is commonly used for genetic manipulation. In this manuscript, the Zn-dependent assembly of B-repeats from strain 1457 is shown to lead to the same outcome of amyloidogenesis, although it occurs through different intermediate oligomeric states.