bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Língua na rua: margens do sujeito
Authors: Fedatto Carolina P.
Published: January 2018

Este artigo trata do funcionamento discursivo dos modos de designar o sujeito que está na rua. Partindo da análise das formas lingüísticas convocadas na enunciação da relação do sujeito com o espaço, mostramos como a política de sentidos da língua marca sua própria organização sintática por uma filiação ao discurso urbano. Carregado pelos sentidos da administração, o modo urbanizado de olhar para a cidade se transfere, por sua vez, para a circulação/fixação do sujeito na cidade. Ao mesmo tempo, pelo jogo de paráfrases entre as diferentes designações, observamos a irrupção do social onde a estrutura da língua se inscreve na história para significar.
Rememoração/comemoração no discurso urbano
Authors: Venturini Maria Cleci
Published: January 2018

Propomos, neste artigo, uma reflexão sobre a rememoração/comemoração no espaço urbano por meio de três noções: rememoração, comemoração e lugar de memória. Nosso objetivo é teorizar acerca da rememoração/comemoração como noção articulada pela memória discursiva. As três noções em questão são assim deslocadas dos domínios da História e da Antropologia para o funcionamento discursivo. A rememoração, nos dois primeiros domínios, é tratada como recordação; a comemoração é o lugar da celebração e o lugar de memória foi introduzido por Pierre Nora (1992) para funcionar como contra-memória, o lugar da crítica. Discursivamente, a rememoração – discurso de – recobre e funciona como memória e a comemoração – discurso sobre – como intradiscurso. No eixo da formulação, elas funcionam juntas a partir da memória discursiva constitutiva do discurso urbano.
Apresentação
Authors: Editorial Conselho
Published: January 2018

Com esse número da revista RUA, temos acesso a um belo conjunto de nove artigos que compõem a seção Estudos, à obra re(PER)curso de Jônatas Manzolli & SPECS na seção Artes, à resenha de A cidade antiga de Fustel de Coulanges e às notícias das atividades realizadas pelo Laboratório de Estudos Urbanos no período de dezembro de 2008 a junho de 2009. Conforme adentramos na trama das reflexões dos artigos, temos a oportunidade de melhor compreender muitos dos elementos atuais que configuram modos de inscrição do sujeito no espaço urbano, tomado a partir de suas diferentes formas de materialização como a rua, os nomes próprios, as fotografias, as cidades biografadas, a tecnologia, a autoria, os movimentos sociais, a escola, os outdoors, enfim, formas de circulação e de inscrição de sentidos. Nesse mesmo conjunto de artigos, acompanhamos duas finas análises que tocam o espaço da construção de uma história do conhecimento, fazendo conhecer, no que diz respeito especificamente a uma história das ciências da linguagem, relações normalmente pouco referidas nesse campo, o que nos lembra de não esquecermos a relação da história, do Estado e da sociedade com as possibilidades de construção do conhecimento...
A cidade antiga (La cité antique)
Authors: Souza Levi Leonel de
Published: January 2018

FUSTEL DE COULANGES. La cité antique. Paris: Hachette, [1960]. 479 p.
Algumas práticas em divulgação científica: a importância de uma linguagem interativa
Authors: Oliveira Samuel Rocha de
Published: January 2018

Defendemos a tese de que uma linguagem mais interativa entre o público leigo e os comunicadores de ciências produz um entendimento maior das notícias e dos conhecimentos científicos por parte das pessoas não especialistas no assunto em questão.
O discurso da ciência na contemporaneidade: “nada existe a menos que observemos”
Authors: Martins Marci Fileti
Published: January 2018

Nesse trabalho, pretendo refletir sobre possíveis paradoxos e rupturas que passam a constituir o discurso científico na atualidade. Isso será feito de forma indireta, já que tomo como observatório o discurso de divulgação científica, através do qual a ciência ganha novos sentidos ao, intensamente, sair dos seus lugares de produção e circulação tradicionais (as instituições acadêmicas com seus papers e congressos por exemplo) para se constituir noutro espaço social e histórico, em que é re-significada através de materiais midiáticos (revistas, jornais, programas de TV, internet). Interessa-me analisar nos materiais de divulgação científica, certos enunciados como “incerteza”, “incompletude”, “imperfeição”, “provisório”, “não pode ser comprovado jamais”, “nada existe a não ser que observemos” e “nós precisamos da incerteza, é o único modo de continuar”, os quais materializam certos sentidos sobre ciência aparentemente conflitantes com o funcionamento de um discurso da ciência concebido tanto “como uma atividade de triagem entre enunciados verdadeiros e enunciados falsos”, quanto como a produção de um sujeito da ciência que está “presente pela sua ausência” (PÊCHEUX, 1975: 1997-98).
Da parede ao corpo social: a carne que não satisfaz
Authors: Rasia Gesualda dos Santos
Published: January 2018

O presente estudo ocupa-se em analisar discursivamente os sentidos produzidos a partir de dois enunciados constantes em paredes de estabelecimentos comerciais de Curitiba (PR): “Carne é crime” e “Fome é foda”. Para tanto, reflete acerca de suas condições de aparecimento, das implicações políticas, econômicas e sociais circundantes, via mapeamento das diferentes posições-sujeito em que se inscrevem tais enunciados; reflete também sobre como esses ressignificam evidências do corpo social. Neste artigo busco analisar como o social se apresenta em Linha de Passe, um filme de Walter Salles e Daniella Thomas. Inscrita na perspectiva discursiva materialista, chamo a atenção para um funcionamento específico da imagem em  Linha de Passe: sua ‘metonimização’. Nesse modo de textualização da imagem, apresento a contradição condensada em sentidos que dão visibilidade a um social equívoco. Nesta análise, procuro compreender o social investido pelo político na materialidade significante de Linha de Passe.
E-urbano
Authors: Liz Mário , Barros Adriana , El-Koure Alberto Hektor , João Maria , Laginha Mário , Vitale Allyson , Carroza Guilherme
Published: January 2018

MAIS comunicação agência experimental do Curso de Publicidade e Propaganda da Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí - UNIVAS
Radiodifusão, produção fonográfica e espaço urbano: formação e adensamento do fenômeno esquizofônico em Campinas-SP (... 1990)
Authors: Alves Cristiano Nunes
Published: January 2018

Este artigo busca analisar as dinâmicas socioterritoriais na cidade ao longo do tempo. Para tanto, problematizamos o fenômeno da esquizofonia – rompimento entre o som e sua origem – entrada para o exame da conformação e da espessura dos circuitos de rádio FM e produção fonográfica em Campinas. A cidade, desde o início das manifestações esquizofônicas, conta com uma densidade técnica informacional favorável à difusão do fenômeno. O processo de urbanização aqui embutido demonstra a ligação direta entre o espraiamento da urbe, o adensamento do circuito de rádio difusor de um repertório médio e um circuito de produção fonográfica intimamente ligado à produção de fonogramas publicitários. Trata-se, pois, de um estudo de Campinas enquanto um lugar que abriga densidades técnica, informacional e comunicacional. Problematizamos as condições geográficas contemporâneas de vida nesta cidade, indagando sobre o componente comunicacional no uso do território.
Segregação e invenção na cidade: uma entrevista com Barba nos jardins do Museu de Arte Moderna - MAM/ RJ
Authors: Fernandes Adriana
Published: January 2018

Uma entrevista com Barba, que vive há vinte anos nos jardins do MAM, Aterro do Flamengo. Trajetória, deslocamentos, encontros e temores. Uma história política da cidade e formas de resistir à vida nua.
Linha de passe: a materialidade significante em análise
Authors: Lagazzi Suzy
Published: January 2018

Neste artigo busco analisar como o social se apresenta em Linha de Passe, um filme de Walter Salles e Daniella Thomas. Inscrita na perspectiva discursiva materialista, chamo a atenção para um funcionamento específico da imagem em  Linha de Passe: sua ‘metonimização’. Nesse modo de textualização da imagem, apresento a contradição condensada em sentidos que dão visibilidade a um social equívoco. Nesta análise, procuro compreender o social investido pelo político na materialidade significante de Linha de Passe.
A ironia exacerbada vira nada. Nada? Incômodos com Narradores de Javé
Authors: Oliveira Junior Wenceslao Machado de
Published: January 2018

Texto construído como repetição desdobrada, apontando as fragilidades da ironia exacerbada do personagem principal do filme Narradores de Javé. Ironia entrevista como tom enunciador e desmodelizador daquilo que se faz (as estórias, as histórias, as escritas), daquilo que se diz (por aí, por aqui, os outros, nós próprios), daquilo que é (um livro, um filme, uma verdade, uma realidade, uma cidade). Ironia como tom que desconserta, mas também mantém tudo como está: o filme (só) como entretenimento.
A fábula da origem
Authors: Oliveira Renato Salgado de Melo
Published: January 2018

Esperamos da origem um sentido para tudo. E da história, uma conservação: identidades, patrimônios, causas e consequências. Este texto aposta – entre encontros e desencontros com o filme Narradores de Javé (2003) – pensar a fábula como um desassossego da própria origem: “era uma vez”, tempo sem começo de onde se dispersa nossa pretensão à continuidade. Tempo que faz da origem um lugar sem raízes, e um movimento tanto para o passado quanto para o futuro.
In-(cor)porar palavras
Authors: Pontin Vivian Marina Redi
Published: January 2018

Ciência, verdade, narradores, Javés, Mona lisas. Captura pela verdade que pressupõe a narrativa científica, fazendo funcionar maquinarias de desvelamentos e de imposições. As palavras são, então, atravessadas por impossibilidades e por possíveis. Desejo de deixar-se in-(cor)porar para inspirar os ares e as cores, abrindo os poros dos pensamentos que inundam o corpo e a filosofia.
A coevolução do “roubo de identidade” e dos sistemas de pagamento
Authors: Dupont Benoit
Published: January 2018

Em um artigo tornado um clássico da criminologia, Edwin Sutherland sublinhava desde 1940 os benefícios recíprocos que poderiam obter os economistas e os criminólogos de uma melhor integração de seus conhecimentos. Mesmo que seu convite à interdisciplinaridade tenha por objeto o crime do colarinho branco, outras formas de delinqüência sustentam particularmente tal solicitação, dentre elas o “roubo de identidade”. Após ter examinado na primeira parte deste artigo as ambigüidades e paradoxos que pesam sobre as análises contemporâneas do “roubo de identidade”, eu proponho na segunda parte um quadro de análise alternativo que repousa sobre o conceito de coevolução ligando o “roubo de identidade” tal qual nós conhecemos hoje ao desenvolvimento dos novos meios de pagamento a partir do fim dos anos de 1950. Com o auxílio de dados históricos e econômicos, eu mostro como esta transformação fundamental de hábitos de consumo contribuiu para a emergência de novas oportunidades criminosas, ao desenvolvimento de mecanismos de segurança e de procedimentos privados de regulamento dos conflitos, assim como o declínio de outras formas de delinqüência.
NOMA: A Future of Wireless Communication
Authors: KUMAR KRISHAN
Published: January 2018

The prime challenge faced by the 5th Generation (5G) wireless communication is the greater spectral efficiency (3 times over 4G) and massive connectivity (is one million connections per square kilometre). These fulfilments are very difficult to be satisfied with conventional orthogonal Multiple Access (MA) schemes. Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is one of the most promising MA scheme for performance enhancement in 5G wireless communications. NOMA serves multiple users at the same frequency/ time/ code domain with different power levels, which is the cornerstone feature of it. Compared to conventional orthogonal MA schemes, NOMA yields a desirable benefit like higher spectral efficiency, fairness and so on. This paper deals with a survey of NOMA along with potentials and research challenges.
Obstacles and Perspectives. Considerations on Health Promotion Activities Performed for Older Workers in Europe
Authors: Magnavita Nicola
Published: January 2018

The ageing of workers is one of the most important issues for occupational health and safety in Europe. A number of intervention studies on health promotion for older workers were conducted in European workplaces between 2000 and 2015. This review gives an overview of these studies and considers perspectives for workplace health promotion.
Combining Physics, Statistics, and Heuristics in the Decline-Curve Analysis of Large Data Sets In Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: de Holanda Rafael Wanderley , Gildin Eduardo , Valkó Peter P.
Published: January 2018

Analytical single-well models have been particularly useful in forecasting production rates and estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) for the massive number of wells in unconventional reservoirs. In this work, a physics-based decline-curve model accounting for linear flow and material balance in horizontal multistage-hydraulically-fractured wells is introduced. The main characteristics of pressure diffusion in the porous media and the fact that the reservoir is a limited resource are embedded in the functional form, such that there is a transition from transient to boundary-dominated flow and the EUR is always finite. Analogously to the frequently used Arps (1945) hyperbolic model, the new model has only three parameters, where two of them define the decline profile and the third one is a multiplier.

This model is applied to a large data set in a work flow that incorporates heuristic knowledge into the history matching and uncertainty quantification by assigning weights to rate measurements. The heuristic rules aim to lessen the effects of nonreservoir-related variations in the production data (e.g., temporary shut-in caused by fracturing in a neighboring well) and emphasize the reservoir dynamics to perform reliable predictions. However, there are additional degrees of freedom in the way these rules define the values of the weights; therefore, a criterion is established that “calibrates” the uncertainty in the probabilistic models by adjusting the parameters in the heuristic rules. Uncertainty quantification and calibration are performed using a Bayesian approach with hindcasts. This methodology is implemented in an automated framework and applied to 992 gas wells from the Barnett Shale. A comparison with the Arps (1945) hyperbolic model, the Duong (2011) model, and stretched exponential model for this data set shows that the new model is the most conservative in terms of estimated reserves.
Marker‐Based Paternity Test in Polycross Breeding of Timothy
Authors: Tanaka Tsuneki , Tamura Ken‐ichi , Ashikaga Kazunori , Fujii Hiroki , Yamada Toshihiko
Published: January 2018

Although the polycross is a useful and cost effective mating design, a lack of paternal pedigree information is a major limitation for polycross breeding in forage grasses such as timothy (Phleum pratense L.). This study describes a paternity test for use in timothy breeding using polymorphic data on 27 genomic simple sequence repeat markers. The paternity test is a simple exclusion statistical test with a combination of maternal information. It successfully determined paternity (success rate = 97%) for 112 progeny plants derived from three polycross groups (A, B, and D). Indirectly selected paternal parents in polycrosses were inferior to maternal parents directly selected by polycross progeny tests mainly for forage yield. Chi‐squared values (χ2) in goodness‐of‐fit tests of the frequency distribution of paternal parents compared with the expected probabilities revealed unbalanced selection in Polycrosses B and D (χ2 = 141.4∗** and 82.7∗**, respectively). Significant differences among the maternal and paternal parents in breeding values for competitiveness toward legumes and low‐digestibility fiber content indicate that unbalanced paternal selection would result from individual phenotypic selection for these traits. These results demonstrate that implementation of a marker‐based paternity test in timothy polycross breeding could significantly improve the selection of superior paternal parents and redress problems of parental imbalance.
Effects of Early Fruiting Branch Removal on Physiological Traits of Leaves Related to Premature Senescence, Yield, and Fiber Quality of Transgenic Bt Cotton
Authors: Zhai Lichao , Zhang Yongjiang , Li Cundong , Zhai Lifang , Liu Liantao , Sun Hongchun
Published: January 2018

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is characterized by an indeterminate growth habit, and removal of early fruiting forms often elicits compensatory growth. However, no consensus has been reached on the response of cotton to removal of fruiting forms. We conducted field experiments in 2010 and 2011 with four different early fruiting branch removal treatments (CK, untreated control; R1, removal of one basal fruiting branch; R2, removal of two basal fruiting branches; and R3, removal of three basal fruiting branches) to explore the effects of removing early fruiting branches on premature senescence, yield, and fiber quality of cotton planted on two planting dates. Our results showed that removing early fruiting branches delayed premature senescence of cotton in terms of chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde content, and peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities at the mid‐late growth stage, especially with R1 and R2 treatments for early‐planted cotton. Removing early fruiting branches increased the leaf area index, leaf area duration, and net assimilation rate compared with untreated plants, which further increased the dry matter accumulation, yield, and some yield components, and significant differences were observed for the R1 and R2 treatments, especially for early‐planted cotton. However, no significant beneficial effects were observed on fiber quality after removing early fruiting branches. In conclusion, removing one or two early fruiting branches delayed premature senescence and improved yield in early‐planted cotton but did not affect fiber quality. Therefore, it could be an effective practice to incorporate into cotton production.
Water reuse and desalination in Spain – challenges and opportunities
Authors: Navarro Teresa
Published: January 2018

This article offers an evaluation of the reuse of reclaimed water and desalination in Spain and aims to provide an overview of the state of the art and Spanish legal framework as far as non-conventional resources are concerned. The fight against the scarcity of water resources in this country, especially in the southeast, has made the production of new alternative water resources a clear priority and has turned the nation into a leader in water reuse and seawater desalination. The assessment presented can be used to help build a more general framework, like the European one, and shed light on other comparative legal experiences.
Optimizing water productivity and production of sunflower crop under arid land conditions
Authors: Ismail Saleh M. , El-Nakhlawy Fathy S.
Published: January 2018

A field experiment was carried-out during 2015/16 and 2016/17 seasons at the Agriculture Experimental Station of King Abdulaziz University to investigate the effect of stress and full irrigations with different plant densities on yield and yield attributes of sunflower and to determine water productivity under the investigated treatments. The design of the experiment was a split block with four replications. Main blokes contained full and stress irrigation water regimes while the sub mains comprised six plant densities of sunflower cultivar (Helianthus annuus L.). Results revealed that decreasing irrigation water regime to 65% of field capacity (FC) reduced daily and seasonal water supplies, yield, yield attributes and oil content of sunflower crop but increased water productivity. Increasing plant density reduced head diameter, seeds yield/plant and seed index. Combination of 50 cm row spacing with 15 cm inter row spacing under 100% FC and 60 cm row spacing with 15 cm inter row spacing under 65% FC produced the highest significant seeds yield and water productivity. In these combinations, using full irrigation requirement increased seeds yield by about 10% compared with the stressed one. However, the stress combination increased water productivity by about 38% compared with fully irrigation combination.
Comparing a Mobile Decision Support System Versus the Use of Printed Materials for the Implementation of an Evidence-Based Recommendation: Protocol for a Qualitative Evaluation (Preprint)
Authors: Camacho Jhon , Medina Ch. Ana María , Landis-Lewis Zach , Douglas Gerald , Boyce Richard
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

The distribution of printed materials is the most frequently used strategy to disseminate and implement clinical practice guidelines, although several studies have shown that the effectiveness of this approach is modest at best. Nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of other strategies. Recent research has shown that the use of computerized decision support presents a promising approach to address some aspects of this problem.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to provide qualitative evidence on the potential effect of mobile decision support systems to facilitate the implementation of evidence-based recommendations included in clinical practice guidelines.

METHODS

We will conduct a qualitative study with two arms to compare the experience of primary care physicians while they try to implement an evidence-based recommendation in their clinical practice. In the first arm, we will provide participants with a printout of the guideline article containing the recommendation, while in the second arm, we will provide participants with a mobile app developed after formalizing the recommendation text into a clinical algorithm. Data will be collected using semistructured and open interviews to explore aspects of behavioral change and technology acceptance involved in the implementation process. The analysis will be comprised of two phases. During the first phase, we will conduct a template analysis to identify barriers and facilitators in each scenario. Then, during the second phase, we will contrast the findings from each arm to propose hypotheses about the potential impact of the system.

RESULTS

We have formalized the narrative in the recommendation into a clinical algorithm and have developed a mobile app. Data collection is expected to occur during 2018, with the first phase of analysis running in parallel. The second phase is scheduled to conclude in July 2019.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study will further the understanding of the role of mobile decision support systems in the implementation of clinical practice guidelines. Furthermore, we will provide qualitative evidence to aid decisions made by low- and middle-income countries’ ministries of health about investments in these technologies.
Mindfulness-Based Symptom and Stress Management Apps for Adults With Chronic Lung Disease: Systematic Search in App Stores (Preprint)
Authors: Owens Otis L , Beer Jenay M , Reyes Ligia I , Gallerani David G , Myhren-Bennett Amanda R , McDonnell Karen K
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

Up to 70% of lung cancer survivors are affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a common, debilitating, comorbid disease. Lung cancer and COPD are both characterized by symptoms such as breathlessness, fatigue, and psychological distress. These distressing chronic symptoms are exacerbated by stress and detract from an individual’s quality of life.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate evidence-based, commercially available apps for promoting mindfulness-based strategies among adults with a COPD or lung cancer history (ie, chronic lung disease).

METHODS

For this review, an interdisciplinary research team used 19 keyword combinations in the search engines of Google and iOS app stores in May 2017. Evaluations were conducted on the apps’ (1) content, (2) usability heuristics, (3) grade-level readability, and (4) cultural sensitivity.

RESULTS

The search resulted in 768 apps (508 in iOS and 260 in Google stores). A total of 9 apps met the inclusion criteria and received further evaluation. Only 1 app had below an eighth-grade reading level; the ninth one did not have enough text to calculate a readability score. None of the 9 apps met the cultural sensitivity evaluation criteria.

CONCLUSIONS

This systematic review identified critical design flaws that may affect the ease of using the apps in this study. Few mobile apps promote mindfulness-based strategies among adults with chronic lung disease (ie, COPD or lung cancer or both), but those that exist, overall, do not meet the latest scientific evidence. Recommendations include more stringent regulation of health-related apps, use of evidence-based frameworks and participatory design processes, following evidence-based usability practices, use of culturally sensitive language and images, and ensuring that content is written in plain language.
Oh that I Were Made Judge in the Land
Authors: Allan James
Published: January 2018

Oh that I were made judge in the land, that every man which hath any suit or cause might come unto me, and I would do him justice! (2 Samuel 15:4)

Imagine a Westminster common law jurisdiction without a bill of rights. As things stand at present, all important social policy decisions in this jurisdiction, including decisions about how rights are to be balanced against one another and against overall community welfare claims, rest with the elected legislature and executive. Not everyone in this jurisdiction is happy with this arrangement, however. There are some politicians who are not averse to joining the world-wide trend by adopting some sort of bill of rights. A handful of them in fact, mostly from the main left of centre political party, are positively keen on the idea. They see the post-Second World War Americanisation of constitutional law, with its emphasis on formalising the role and place of human rights in a legal instrument the judges oversee, as an unambiguously good thing. They would like an entrenched, justiciable model.
Inventing Unemployment: Labour Market Regulation and the Establishment of the Commonwealth Employment Service
Authors: O'Donnell Anthony
Published: January 2018

In 1888 the social wing of the Salvation Army in Britain had begun an ambitious program for social reform and spiritual revival focusing on the disciplining and retraining of the unemployed. City workshops in London gave unemployed workmen board and lodgings in return for eight hours work a day. Efficiency, deportment and cleanliness were rewarded by increases in food rations and eventually men were given a cash allowance. Attached to the workshops was a labour bureau which would put men in touch with potential employers. In 1905 the Liberal Magazine suggested that the Army be given a government contract to deal with the unemployed and, four years later, the Minority Report of the Poor Law Commission recommended that public authorities work in conjunction with religious organisations in training and reforming the recalcitrant unemployed.
The Interaction of Contract and Executive Power
Authors: Seddon Nick
Published: January 2018

Over the last 25 years, governments of all persuasions in western democracies have increasingly resorted to contract as a means of carrying out governmental tasks and achieving policy outcomes. The use of contract by government is not a new phenomenon but, in more recent times, the increasing use of contract in areas that were traditionally the province of direct government action has been a marked feature of public administration. This movement has spawned a vast literature covering many disciplines and has generated new theories about public administration. One of the difficult issues to resolve in connection with this phenomenon is the sometimes awkward mixture of a private institution – contract – to achieve public purposes.

This paper is one of a group of papers on the theme of the interaction between the government's executive power and legislation. This paper is about contract and the executive power. Combining these together, it is appropriate to discuss the interaction between legislation and the use by government of the executive power to make contracts.
Judicial Review of Non-Statutory Executive Powers
Authors: Horan Chris
Published: January 2018

In current times, most executive action affecting individuals involves the exercise of powers conferred by or under statute. Administrative lawyers are familiar with the use of judicial review in order to enforce limits placed on such powers by the empowering legislation. Indeed, the development of the modern principles of administrative law over the latter half of the 20th century has largely taken place in a statutory setting. As recent history demonstrates, however, there are circumstances in which an executive government may seek to rely on non-statutory sources of power. The exercise of non-statutory powers will often raise distinct issues in the context of judicial review. The review of non-statutory powers may involve questions concerning the extent to which governmental actions are justiciable, that is, suitable to be examined by the courts. Further, the application of many of the traditional grounds of judicial review can be problematic without the touchstones of validity that are usually provided by statute.
Reach-Through Rights in Biomedical Patent Licensing: A Comparative Analysis of their Anti-competitive Reach
Authors: Nielsen Jane
Published: January 2018

Medical biotechnology offers vast opportunity for the treatment of human genetic conditions, including the development and improvement of drugs, diagnostic capabilities and therapeutic techniques. Australian health and medical research has a rich and proud history. This has been recognised in numerous federal government reports, which examine the sustainability of research momentum and the ability of the Australian industry to capitalise on this research base. Australia‘s increasing $1 billion trade deficit in pharmaceuticals, medical equipment and other health and medical industries has been a major impetus for the push to develop Australia's medical research base.

Many domestic and export market opportunities for the Australian biotechnology industry exist. These opportunities have been taken up for the most part by the existing research sector, and by small companies, whether spin-off companies from research institutions, or companies independently conducting research. The industry is highly competitive and motivated to participate in the biotechnology revolution on an international level. To enable them to do this, intellectual property protection is crucial as a tool to enable trade, collaboration, and competitive advantage.
Territory Courts and Federal Jurisdiction
Authors: McDonald Stephen
Published: January 2018

The early cases on the Australian territories approached them not as constituent parts of the Commonwealth, but as subordinate to it, with the result that the territories power, s 122 of the Constitution, was held to be unaffected by other constitutional provisions. Most strikingly, Ch III of the Constitution was wholly inapplicable to the courts and judicial proceedings of the territories. Even the important doctrine that Ch III is exhaustive of the judicial power of the Commonwealth did not restrict the Parliament’s power to confer appellate jurisdiction on the High Court under s 122.

In more recent cases, majorities of the High Court have adopted a more cohesive approach which considers s 122 in the context of the Commonwealth Constitution as a whole. The view that the territories are disjoined from the Commonwealth is no longer tenable, if it ever was.
An Empirical Investigation into Patent Enforcement in Australian Courts
Authors: Weatherall Kimberlee G , Jensen Paul H
Published: January 2018

Patents are growing in importance. Patenting rates worldwide have increased significantly in recent years: between 1992 and 2002, the number of patent applications in Europe, Japan and the US increased by more than 40 per cent. Patent coverage has also been extended to include new kinds of inventions, like genetic technologies, software, and business methods. A wider range of participants are also using patents, with universities being encouraged to increase their patenting activity. And there has been a dramatic increase in patent litigation, at least in the US. These facts have given rise to international debate on the costs and benefits of the patent system and how its effectiveness in encouraging innovation might be improved.

To inform these debates, policymakers have called for more hard data on how the system is actually working in practice. Enforcement forms an important part of how the patent system ‘works’. Patents are designed to encourage innovation by providing innovators with legal protection against expropriation of their innovative products and processes by third parties.
Developments in Free Speech Law in Australia: Coleman and Mulholland
Authors: Arcioni Elisa
Published: January 2018

This article provides an overview of the developments in 2004 regarding the constitutional freedom of political communication. This will be done through a discussion of the cases of Coleman v Power and Mulholland v Australian Electoral Commission. These two cases have confirmed the validity of the general propositions in Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation, regarding the existence of a freedom of political communication implied from the Australian Constitution, and provide the basis for some observations with respect to that implication. In this article an overview is given of the basic principles in Lange, followed by a detailed discussion of relevant parts of the judgments in Coleman and Mulholland. This article ends with analysis of some of the issues raised by the cases.
Uncertainty and Exclusion: Detention of Aliens and the High Court
Authors: Zagor Matthew
Published: January 2018

In a series of judgments in August and October 2004, the High Court found that the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) (‘the Act’) unambiguously provides for the indefinite detention of unlawful non-citizens, and that such a law is constitutionally valid. In doing so, a majority on the High Court arguably rewrote the rule book on the operation of Chapter III of the Constitution (‘Ch III’), undermining the majority judgment in Chu Kheng Lim v Minister for Immigration in the process.

This case note focuses primarily on Al-Kateb v Godwin. To the extent that they clarify or expand on the reasoning with respect to the operation of Ch III, reference is also made to Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs v Al Khafaji and Behrooz v Secretary of the Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs which were argued at the same time as Al-Kateb, and to Re Woolley; Ex parte Applicants M276/2003 by their next friend GS, which concerned the administrative detention of non-citizen children.
Membership in the Australian Community: Singh V the Commonwealth and its Consequences for Australian Citizenship Law
Authors: Foster Michelle
Published: January 2018

In Singh v Commonwealth (‘Singh’), the High Court was presented with the question whether a person born in Australia can be considered an ‘alien’ for the purpose of s 51(xix) of the Constitution (‘naturalization and aliens’). In a 5:2 decision the Court rejected the plaintiff's argument that birth in Australia necessarily accorded her the status of non-alien and thus a constitutional nationality which could not be displaced by legislative reliance on other heads of power. The decision is important, both for its elucidation of Parliament's scope to regulate Australian citizenship — the subject of a series of important cases over the last two decades involving strong dissents and two reversals in approach — and for its consideration of principles of constitutional interpretation.
On the First Paragraph of Section 55: A Response to P G Sharp
Authors: Marinac Anthony S
Published: January 2018

P G Sharp's paper entitled ‘The First Paragraph of Section 55' was a valuable and interesting contribution to analysis of one of the more interesting, yet little discussed, sections of the Constitution. He provided a rich historical background to the section and its interpretation, and essentially made the argument that, following Permanent Trustee Australia Ltd v Commissioner of State Revenue (Victoria), there is no further need for legislative drafters to split taxation legislation into a ‘Taxing Act’ and an ‘Assessment Act’.

However, Sharp's argument leaves a great deal unsaid, and I have constructed four questions to set against his article, inviting further comment.
Balancing Abolitionism and Cooperation on the World's Scale: The Case of the Bali Nine
Authors: Sifris Ronli
Published: January 2018

One should never tire of emphasizing that the logical unity of the system is the fundamental axiom of any normative knowledge. In the sphere of normative consideration, a real objective conflict of norms is unthinkable.

In order to advance the ‘unity of the system’ of international law, it is necessary to resolve conflicts of norms and to endeavour to ensure that where tension exists, reconciliation is achieved. The commitment of states to engage in international criminal cooperation has the potential to conflict with many different human rights obligations, such as the prohibition against torture. The recent controversy relating to European states aiding the United States to affect extraordinary renditions is an example of the way in which a state's commitment to international criminal cooperation and a state's commitment to fundamental human rights may potentially conflict.
The Intersection between Registered and Unregistered Trade Marks
Authors: Burrell Robert , Handler Michael
Published: January 2018

Much has been written about the general justifications for providing legal protection for trade marks — for example, it has been said that trade marks help to reduce consumer search costs, that they protect against the misappropriation of other traders’ labour and investment, and that they may provide traders with incentives to invest in the development of new marks. However, it is important not to conflate these justifications with the reasons for having registered trade mark systems. To the extent that this issue has been considered, the principal justification for registration that has been put forward is that trade mark registers act as an important source of public information. More specifically, trade mark registers provide information as to the signs that are protected in a given commercial sphere and as to matters such as initial ownership of trade marks and subsequent assignments thereof. Consequently, in order for a trade mark register to perform its function effectively, it is essential that it reflect as accurately as possible the marks that enjoy legal protection and that those consulting the register are able to rely on the information it conveys.
Constitutional Limits on Bills of Rights Introduced by a State or Territory
Authors: Wilkins Stefanie
Published: January 2018

The introduction of the Human Rights Act 2004 (ACT) (‘the HRA’), although contentious, is indicative of a move towards the introduction of bills of rights at State or Territory level in Australia. The HRA is modelled on the UK Human Rights Act and the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act, and has precipitated discussion in several States on the merits of introducing their own bills of rights, with Victoria enacting the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic).

However, one significant area of uncertainty, which has been given little consideration, is how the HRA (and equivalent legislation at State level) will operate within Australia's constitutional framework. Section 32 of the HRA enables the ACT Supreme Court to issue a ‘declaration of incompatibility’ when a provision of ACT legislation is incompatible with a right enunciated in the HRA. However, this declaration is intended to initiate ‘dialogue’ between the judiciary and the legislature: it does not invalidate the legislation, or affect the rights of the parties in the dispute in which the declaration is made. This article will address the constitutional limits that may be placed on the exercise of this novel ‘remedy’.
A Minimalist Charter of Rights for Australia: The UK or Canada as a Model?
Authors: Dixon Rosalind
Published: January 2018

Most commentators agree that, if Australia is to adopt a charter of rights, such a charter should so far as possible involve a ‘minimalist’ form of constitutional change. It should both be enacted by ordinary statute and seek to preserve broad scope for the Commonwealth Parliament, in appropriate cases, to override the interpretation of non-Constitutional rights by the High Court. When it comes to questions of form and enforceability, the thinking is that it should be modelled on either the Human Rights Act 1998 (UK) c 42 ('UK HRA’), and the largely equivalent state statutory charters in the ACT and Victoria, or on the Canadian Bill of Rights, SC 1960, c 44 ('CBOR’).

Not only would a statutory charter of this kind be easier to adopt than a more entrenched model of charter, such as a charter modelled on the US Bill of Rights, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 1982 (the second and later of Canada's two operative human rights charters) ('Canadian Charter’), or Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996.
Effect of Salt Inclusion Level on Commercial Bacon Processing and Slicing Yields
Authors: Lowell Jessica E. , Harsh Bailey N. , Wilson Kyle B. , Overholt Martin F. , Matulis R. J. , Dilger Anna C. , Boler Dustin D.
Published: January 2018

The objectives were to determine effects of salt inclusion on production yields, commercial slicing yields, sensory characteristics, and lipid oxidation of bacon. A total of 144 bellies that ranged in weight from 5.8 to 6.6 kg were selected from 2 different suppliers. Fresh bellies were weighed to determine an initial weight (green weight). Then, bellies were randomly assigned to salt levels of 1.2, 1.5, or 1.8% in the final product and manufactured into bacon. Bacon was stored frozen, in aerobic packages, for approximately 0 d, 30 d, 60 d, or 90 d and analyzed for lipid oxidation. Sensory analysis was conducted approximately 14 d after slicing and again 90 d later. Cook yield was increased (P ≤ 0.05) in 1.2% bacon compared with 1.5 and 1.8% bacon, but slicing yield was 1% unit greater (P ≤ 0.05) in 1.8% bacon compared with 1.2% bacon. Increasing salt content from 1.5 to 1.8% increased the number of bacon slices generated from a slab of bacon by 12 slices and by nearly 16 slices when compared with the 1.2% treatment. Sensory saltiness increased (P ≤ 0.05) as intended salt level increased. Lipid oxidation and oxidized odor and flavor intensity was not different among salt treatment levels within any storage period. Reducing salt from 1.8 to 1.2% in bacon can adversely affect slicing yield, but was not detrimental to cook yield and did not reduce the rate of lipid oxidation of bacon.
Characteristics of Ham Knuckles and Bacon Cured Using Different Brine and Meat Temperatures
Authors: Peterson Benjamin C. , Overholt Martin F. , Holmer Sean F. , Dilger Anna C. , Boler Dustin D.
Published: January 2018

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of brine and meat temperature on the processing characteristics of pork knuckle hams and bacon. Experiment 1 used 111 pork knuckles tempered to 4°C, randomly allotted to 1 of 3 in-going brine temperatures; 1) –1°C (Cold), 2) 7.2°C (Medium), or 3) 15°C (Warm). Experiment 2 used 59 hams, randomly allotted to 1 of 3 brine temperatures similar to Experiment 1 but meat was tempered to match brine temperature resulting in treatments of: 1) Cold/Cold, 2) Medium/Medium, and 3) Warm/Warm. Experiment 3 used the same treatments as Experiment 1, but applied to bellies (N = 60). Experiments 1 and 3 were analyzed as randomized complete block designs and Experiment 2 was analyzed as a completely randomized design. In Experiment 1, there was no effect (P ≥ 0.32) of brine temperature on processing traits, but L* of warm-brine hams were 1.2 units greater (P = 0.02) than cold-brine hams, but not different (P = 0.19) than medium-brine. Cold-brine hams tended (P = 0.07) to have greater a* than warm-brine hams. In Experiment 2, drained-brine-uptake of Warm/Warm and Medium/Medium hams were 14 and 10% units greater (P < 0.0001) than Cold/Cold hams, resulting in 9.09 and 10.65% units greater (P < 0.0001) overall yield. Warm/Warm and Medium/Medium hams had greater moisture content (P < 0.01) and tended to have reduced (P = 0.10) L* than Cold/Cold hams, but did not differ (P = 0.18) a*. In Experiment 3, brine temperature had no effect (P ≥ 0.14) on any bacon processing trait, composition, or sensory traits. Overall, brine temperature alone had minimal effects on ham or bacon processing traits, but in combination with meat temperature, may influence processing yields and product quality.
Effect of Sex and Muscle on the Fiber-Type Composition and Cross-Sectional Area of Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) Muscle
Authors: North Megan K. , Hoffman Louw C.
Published: January 2018

This study aimed to compare the fiber-type composition and fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) of male and female springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and Biceps femoris (BF) muscles. Frozen samples from 4 male and 3 female springbok were fiber-typed immunohistochemically using the primary antibodies A4.74, BA-D5 and BF-35. The CSA of the fibers was determined using the software Image J. Type IIX fibers accounted for 64 to 77% of the fibers in all samples, with type IIA (12.7 to 19.1%), type IIAX (6.4 to 9.3%) and type I (2.4 to 8.5%) making smaller (P < 0.001) contributions. Female springboks’ muscles contained more type IIX fibers than males’ (P = 0.004) and the BF contained more type I fibers and fewer type IIA and IIAX fibers than the LTL (P < 0.001). CSA values did not differ between sexes or muscles; however, they increased with apparent fiber glycolytic capacity (I < IIA < IIAX < IIX; P < 0.001). The glycolytic nature suggested by the fiber-type composition of springbok muscle found in this study is in contrast with previous reports on the physicochemical nature of springbok meat. This casts doubt on the application of standard associations between fiber-type and meat quality to this species. However, it may provide some explanation for the low shear force values found for springbok meat in previous studies.