bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Human Colonic Microbiota Promoted by Synbiotic Açai Juice Composed of Gluco-Oligosaccharides, Dextran, and Bifidobacterium breve NRRL B-41408
Authors: Reges Bianca Mara , da Silva Oliveira Francisca Andréa , Fonteles Thatyane Vidal , Rodrigues Sueli
Published: December 2024

The present study evaluates the effects of açai juice containing gluco-oligosaccharides and dextran, fermented by Bifidobacterium breve NRRL B-41408 (synbiotic juice), on the human fecal microbiota. The juice is subjected to simulated digestion and fecal fermentation after production and 42 days of refrigerated storage. High throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and HPLC are used to identify the bacterial cells and metabolites. The results show that the viability of B. breve is stable during the refrigerated storage, indicating that the metabolism is maintained even under low temperatures and pH. Furthermore, gluco-oligosaccharides and dextran prove to be resistant to gastrointestinal conditions and are quickly consumed during fecal fermentation. The synbiotic açai juice enhances the microbial diversity and stimulates the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), including acetate, propionate, and isobutyrate. Elevated propionate levels are directly associated with an increased abundance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Bacteroides dorei, Bacteroides stercoris, and Bacteroides massiliensis after 48 h of fermentation. This highlights the potential of synbiotic açai juice as a functional beverage, supported by the significant increase in microbial diversity reflected in the Shannon and Simpson’s diversity indexes (Shannon = 116.6%, 117.2%, 125.15%, and 116.02%; Simpson’s = 151.86%, 177.22%, 152.5%, and 163.73%).
An Exploration of the Biochemistry of Mustard Seed Meals: A Phytochemical and In Silico Perspective
Authors: Garg Shivanshu , Gairola Kanchan , Punetha Himanshu , Gangola Saurabh
Published: December 2024

The present investigation deals with comparisons drawn among three types of different mustard seed coat colors, namely, Black (Brassica nigra), Brown (Brassica juncea), and White (Sinapis alba), with respect to protein’s bio-availability through pepsin digestibility, with and without the involvement of major anti-nutritional factors (glucosinolate type AITC, Allylisothiothiocyanate) and relative food functions. These are validated by means of crude protein determination, precipitated protein isolate preparation for evaluating the fat absorption capacity (FAC), emulsifying activity (EA), emulsion stability (ES), whippability, foam stability (FS), the nitrogen solubility index (NSI), and the protein dispersibility index (PDI). The results indicate that the partial removal of glucosinolates from brown mustard (0.91 to 0.31%), black mustard (0.74 to 0.31%), and white mustard (0.58 to 0.30%) improved protein’s digestibility, as analyzed through a pepsin assay, with values of 12.84, 12.60, and 4.53% in brown, black, and white mustard, respectively. Among functional properties, the highest FAC, whippability, foam stability, and NSI values were noted in the brown mustard seed meal, derived from precipitated protein isolates, while EA and PDI were the highest in white mustard seeds, and black seeds possessed the highest ES value. Interestingly, these mustard seed meals are limited in their consumption, albeit by virtue of the different phytochemical and food functional parameters that are being elucidated here. The present research shows the relevance of different food functional properties and the presence of anti-nutritional factors, and uses protein-digestibility tests, which are important deciding parameters for enhanced food consumption in animal diets. Additionally, targeted molecular and protein–protein docking results revealed how and why the mustard seed meals are limited in their consumption by virtue of various metabolite interactions. This thereby opens the gateways to many required in vivo and in silico future research insights among AITC–pepsin, AITC–myrosinase, pepsin–myrosinase, and cruciferin–myrosinase complexes. Consequently, the metabolic pathways governing AITC involved in the glucosinolate–myrosinase system need to be studied in depth for a better understanding of in vivo AITC metabolism. This knowledge can guide future studies in improving the health benefits of mustard seeds and seed meals while addressing their consumption limitations.
The Multifaceted Impact of Bioactive Lipids on Gut Health and Disease
Authors: Sullivan Joseph P. , Jones Melissa K.
Published: December 2024

Bioactive lipids have a multifaceted role in health and disease and are recognized to play an important part in gut immunity and disease conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. Advancements in lipidomics, enabled by mass spectrometry and chromatographic techniques, have enhanced our understanding of lipid diversity and functionality. Bioactive lipids, including short-chain fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, and sphingolipids, exhibit diverse effects on inflammation and immune regulation. Short-chain fatty acids like butyrate demonstrate anti-inflammatory properties, enhancing regulatory T cell function, gut barrier integrity, and epigenetic regulation, making them promising therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. Conversely, saturated fatty acids promote inflammation by disrupting gut homeostasis, triggering oxidative stress, and impairing immune regulation. Omega-3 lipids counteract these effects, reducing inflammation and supporting immune balance. Sphingolipids exhibit complex roles, modulating immune cell trafficking and inflammation. They can exert protective effects or exacerbate colitis depending on their source and context. Additionally, eicosanoids can also prevent pathology through prostaglandin defense against damage to epithelial barriers. This review underscores the importance of dietary lipids in shaping gut health and immunity and also highlights the potential use of lipids as therapeutic strategies for managing inflammatory conditions and cancer.
Nano-LC with New Hydrophobic Monolith Based on 9-Antracenylmethyl Methacrylate for Biomolecule Separation
Authors: Aydoğan Cemil , Alharthi Sarah
Published: December 2024

In this study, new monolithic poly(9-anthracenylmethyl methacrylate-co-trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) columns, referred as ANM monoliths were prepared, for the first time, and were used for the separation media for biomolecules and proteomics analysis by nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC). Monolithic columns were prepared by in situ polymerization of 9-anthracenylmethyl methacrylate (ANM) and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) in a fused silica capillary column of 100 µm ID. Polymerization solution was optimized in relation to monomer and porogenic solvent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chromatographic analyses were performed for the characterization studies of ANM monoliths. The ANM monolith produced more than 46.220 plates/m, and the chromatographic evaluation of the optimized ANM monolith was carried out using homologous alkylbenzenes (ABs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), allowing both strong hydrophobic and π-π interactions. Run-to-run and column-to-column reproducibility values were found as <2.91% and 2.9–3.2%, respectively. The final monolith was used for biomolecule separation, including both three dipeptides, including Alanine-Tyrosine (Ala-Tyr), Glycine-Phenylalanine (Gly-Phe), and L-carnosine and five standard proteins, including ribonuclease A (RNase A), α-chymotrypsinogen (α-chym), lysozyme (Lys), cytochrome C (Cyt C), and myoglobin (Mb) in order to evaluate its potential. Both peptides and proteins were baseline separated using the developed ANM monolith in nano-LC. The ANM monolith was then applied to the protein and peptide profiling of MCF-7 cell line, which allowed a high-resolution analysis of peptides, providing a high peak capacity.
Chemical Inhibition of NRF2 Transcriptional Activity Influences Colon Function and Oestrogen Receptor Expression in Mice at Different Ages
Authors: Piechota-Polanczyk Aleksandra , Mariwani Zanya , Fichna Jakub , Polanczyk Andrzej , Jozkowicz Alicja
Published: December 2024

We aim to investigate whether chemical inhibition of NRF2 transcriptional activity (TA) influences distal colon contractions, particularly in an age-dependent manner in females, and whether it impacts oestrogen receptor signalling in female mice. This study was performed on 3 and 6-month-old female mice treated with ML385 (30 mg/kg) or a vehicle for 7 days (i.p.). The colon functionality was verified with a colon bead expulsion test; serum samples were collected for oestradiol levels, and colon samples were stored for various histological analyses. The results show that the seven-day treatment of ML385 significantly downregulated TA (p < 0.05) and impacted its contractility. Additionally, young females treated with ML385 exhibited an increase in goblet cell number and significantly increased ERα, but not ERβ, especially in older mice. It is worth noting that the basal level of the membrane oestrogen receptor GPR30 was higher in older mice within the epithelial layer, and ML385 treatment led to a downregulation of GPR30 in 6-month-old mice. In summary, ML385 decreases NRF2 TA in the colon and impacts its contractility and goblet cell numbers. Additionally, NRF2 TA influences the expression of oestrogen receptors in the colons of female mice.
Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy as an Emerging Therapeutic Modality?
Authors: Batinac Tanja , Batičić Lara , Kršek Antea , Knežević Danijel , Marcucci Emanuela , Sotošek Vlatka , Ćurko-Cofek Božena
Published: December 2024

Maintaining the physiological function of the vascular endothelium and endothelial glycocalyx is crucial for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, which is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Damage to these structures can lead to atherosclerosis, hypertension, and other cardiovascular problems, especially in individuals with risk factors such as diabetes and obesity. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with ischemic disease and has a negative impact on overall cardiovascular health. The aim of this review was to comprehensively summarize the crucial role of the vascular endothelium and glycocalyx in cardiovascular health and associated thrombo-inflammatory conditions. It highlights how endothelial dysfunction, influenced by factors such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and obesity, leads to adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including heart failure. Recent evidence suggests that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) may offer therapeutic benefits in the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors and disease. This review presents the current evidence on the mechanisms by which HBOT promotes angiogenesis, shows antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects, enhances antioxidant defenses, and stimulates stem cell activity. The latest findings on important topics will be presented, including the effects of HBOT on endothelial dysfunction, cardiac function, atherosclerosis, plaque stability, and endothelial integrity. In addition, the role of HBOT in alleviating cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, aging, obesity, and glucose metabolism regulation is discussed, along with its impact on inflammation in cardiovascular disease and its potential benefit in ischemia–reperfusion injury. While HBOT demonstrates significant therapeutic potential, the review also addresses potential risks associated with excessive oxidative stress and oxygen toxicity. By combining information on the molecular mechanisms of HBOT and its effects on the maintenance of vascular homeostasis, this review provides valuable insights into the development of innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at protecting and restoring endothelial function to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.
Enhancing Adolescent Physical Fitness and Well-Being: A School-Based High-Intensity Interval Training Program
Authors: Mitić Petar , Jovanović Rade , Stojanović Nikola , Barišić Valentin , Trajković Nebojša
Published: December 2024

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a school-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program on quality of life and physical fitness in adolescents. Methods: The study included 60 male adolescents (16.2 ± 0.6 years), randomly assigned to one of two groups: the HIIT group (n = 30) and the control group (CG, n = 30). Participants completed the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire to evaluate quality of life and physical fitness tests, including vertical jump, repetitive strength, agility, and flexibility. The experimental program consisted of a 12-week intervention integrated into the warm-up phase of regular physical education (PE) classes. Each PE class lasted 45 min, with the HIIT regimen occupying 10 min of the warm-up phase. The HIIT sessions followed a Tabata-style structure, performed twice weekly. A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures assessed group and time interaction effects. Results: The results revealed changes in physical well-being following the HIIT intervention (p = 0.01) compared to the control group (p = 0.42). The results of the two-way ANOVA with repeated measures revealed interaction effects between group and time for the various fitness tests, countermovement jump (p = 0.04), 4 × 10 m agility test (p = 0.02), medicine ball throw test (p = 0.04), and sit-ups (30 s) (p = 0.01). Conclusions: This study highlights the effectiveness of school-based HIIT in significantly enhancing physical well-being and physical fitness among adolescents.
Correction: Tognetti et al. Pattern Analysis of Benign and Malignant Atypical Melanocytic Skin Lesions of Palms and Soles: Variations of Dermoscopic Features According to Anatomic Site and Personal Experience. Life 2024, 14, 659
Authors: Tognetti Linda , Cartocci Alessandra , Moscarella Elvira , Lallas Aimilios , Dika Emi , Fargnoli Maria Concetta , Longo Caterina , Nazzaro Gianluca , Paoli John , Stanganelli Ignazio , Magi Serena , Lacarrubba Francesco , Broganelli Paolo , Perrot Jean-Luc , Suppa Mariano , Kittler Harald , Giuffrida Roberta , Cinotti Elisa , Sofia Lo Conte , Cataldo Gennaro , Cevenini Gabriele , Rubegni Pietro
Published: December 2024

“Harald Kittler” was not included as an author in the original publication [...]
Exploring Aquaporins in Human Studies: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential in Critical Illness
Authors: Vrettou Charikleia S. , Issaris Vasileios , Kokkoris Stelios , Poupouzas Georgios , Keskinidou Chrysi , Lotsios Nikolaos S. , Kotanidou Anastasia , Orfanos Stylianos E. , Dimopoulou Ioanna , Vassiliou Alice G.
Published: December 2024

Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane proteins facilitating water and other small solutes to be transported across cell membranes. They are crucial in maintaining cellular homeostasis by regulating water permeability in various tissues. Moreover, they regulate cell migration, signaling pathways, inflammation, tumor growth, and metastasis. In critically ill patients, such as trauma, sepsis, and patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which are frequently encountered in intensive care units (ICUs), water transport regulation is crucial for maintaining homeostasis, as dysregulation can lead to edema or dehydration, with the latter also implicating hemodynamic compromise. Indeed, AQPs are involved in fluid transport in various organs, including the lungs, kidneys, and brain, where their dysfunction can exacerbate conditions like ARDS, acute kidney injury (AKI), or cerebral edema. In this review, we discuss the implication of AQPs in the clinical entities frequently encountered in ICUs, such as systemic inflammation and sepsis, ARDS, AKI, and brain edema due to different types of primary brain injury from a clinical perspective. Current and possible future therapeutic implications are also considered.
Pathogenomic Insights into Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae’s Resistome, Virulome, and Diversity for Improved Rice Blight Management
Authors: Adedibu Peter Adeolu , Son Oksana , Tekutyeva Liudmila , Balabanova Larissa
Published: December 2024

Oryza sativa (rice) is a major staple food targeted for increased production to achieve food security. However, increased production is threatened by several biotic and abiotic factors, of which bacterial blight disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae is severe. Developing effective control strategies requires an up-to-date understanding of its pathogenomics. This study analyzes the genomes of 30 X. oryzae strains collected from rice-producing regions across five continents to identify genetic elements critical for its pathogenicity and adaptability and for an intraspecific diversity assessment using advanced genomics and bioinformatics tools. Resistome analysis revealed 28 distinct types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), both innate and acquired, indicating a growing threat from multidrug-resistant X. oryzae strains. Sixteen virulent genes, including type III and VI secretion systems, motility genes, and effector proteins, were identified. A unique ‘MexCD-OprJ’ multidrug efflux system was detected in the Tanzanian strains, conferring resistance to multiple antibiotic classes. To curb further ARG emergence, there is a need to regulate the use of antibiotics for X. oryzae control and adopt resistant rice varieties. Transposable elements were also discovered to contribute to X. oryzae pathogenicity, facilitating the horizontal transfer of virulence genes. Pangenome analysis revealed intraspecific variation among the population, with 112 unique CDS having diverse functional roles. Strains registered in the Philippines had the most unique genes. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the divergent evolution of X. oryzae. This study’s results will aid in identifying more effective management strategies and biocontrol alternatives for sustainable rice production.
Genomic Characterization of Probiotic Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria Cereibacter sphaeroides Strains S3W10 and SS15: Implications for Enhanced Shrimp Aquaculture
Authors: Klaysubun Chollachai , Chaichana Nattarika , Suwannasin Sirikan , Singkhamanan Kamonnut , Yaikhan Thunchanok , Kantachote Duangporn , Pomwised Rattanaruji , Wonglapsuwan Monwadee , Surachat Komwit
Published: December 2024

Cereibacter sphaeroides strains S3W10 and SS15, isolated from shrimp ponds, exhibit potential probiotic benefits for aquaculture. In this study, the genomic features of S3W10 and SS15 were thoroughly characterized to evaluate their probiotic properties and safety for aquaculture use. The genomes of S3W10 and SS15 consist of 130 and 74 contigs, with sizes of 4.6 Mb and 4.4 Mb and GC contents of 69.2%. Average nucleotide identity (ANI), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), and phylogenomic analyses confirmed that these strains belong to C. sphaeroides. Genome annotation predicted 4260 coding sequences (CDS) in S3W10 and 4086 CDS in SS15, including genes associated with stress tolerance, nutrient absorption, and antioxidant activity. Notably, genes related to vitamin B12 synthesis, digestive enzyme production, and carotenoid biosynthesis, which support shrimp health, were identified in both genomes. CAZyme analysis identified 116 and 115 carbohydrate-active enzymes in S3W10 and SS15, respectively, supporting adaptation to gastrointestinal environments and the host immune response. Pan-genome analysis across C. sphaeroides strains revealed 7918 gene clusters, highlighting the open pan-genome structure of this species and its high genetic diversity. Further bioinformatic analyses assessing mobile genetic elements, antibiotic-resistance genes, and virulence factors demonstrated the safety of both strains for aquaculture, as no plasmids or virulence genes were identified. The genomic insights in this study provide a deeper understanding of the strains’ adaptability and functional potential, aligning with previous in vitro and in vivo studies and highlighting their potential for use in shrimp cultivation.
Chemical Compositions and Chromatic Mechanism of High-Temperature Iron-Series Glazed Wares from the Guangyuan Kiln in Sichuan Province, Southwest China During the Song Dynasty
Authors: Wu Lin , Nie Yourongtian , Li Jinwei , Wu Junming , Shi Wei , Wu Yanfang , Jiang Yueguang
Published: December 2024

The Guangyuan kiln, located in the Sichuan Province, Southwest China during the Song Dynasty (960–1279 A.D.), is renowned for its high-temperature iron-series glazed wares, including pure black glazed ware, hare’s fur glazed ware, glossy brown glazed ware, and matte brown glazed ware. To elucidate the raw materials, processing techniques, and coloration mechanisms of these wares, multiple analytical experiments were employed to investigate chemical composition, microstructure, and the phase of Fe-bearing minerals. We found that glossy brown glazed ware has the highest Fe2O3 content in the glaze (7.67 wt% on average), while pure black glazed ware exhibits the lowest (4.84 wt% on average). Higher Fe2O3 content leads to more iron for Fe-bearing mineral crystallization and larger ε-Fe2O3 precipitation. Based on microscopic observations, pure black glazed ware has numerous 100–250 nm crystalline grains, while hare’s fur glaze ware features dendritic crystal flowers (200–400 nm), which exhibited liquid-liquid phase separation within the glaze, suggesting localized phase separation inducing iron oxide crystallization. Glossy brown glazed ware contains well-developed ε-Fe2O3 crystals (25 µm), and matte brown glazed ware, with the highest CaO and total flux, has acicular anorthite crystals alongside ε-Fe2O3 crystals. In summary, the decorative effect of four different types of iron-series glazed wares is determined by their chemical composition, phase composition, and microscopic structure. The findings offer valuable insights for the study of ancient iron-glazed ware.
Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Quinazoline Derivatives Through Visible Light-Driven Photocatalysis Using Curcumin-Sensitized Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Alotaibi Mshari A. , Alharthi Abdulrahman I. , F. Qahtan Talal , Bakht Md. Afroz
Published: December 2024

This study explores a sustainable method for synthesizing quinazoline derivatives through visible light-driven photocatalysis using curcumin-sensitized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. A one-pot, three-component reaction involving aldehydes, urea/thiourea, and dimedone was utilized to efficiently produce quinazoline compounds. The photocatalytic performance of curcumin-sensitized TiO2 (Cur-TiO2) was compared to pure TiO2 (P-TiO2), with Cur-TiO2 showing significantly enhanced activity. Under optimized conditions—light intensity of 100 mW/cm2, catalyst concentration of 1 mg/mL, and a reaction time of 40 min—a 97% product yield was achieved. The Cur-TiO2 catalyst demonstrated excellent reusability, maintaining high efficiency over four consecutive cycles with minimal performance loss. This work underscores the potential of natural dye sensitization to extend light absorption of TiO2 into the visible spectrum, providing an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach to sustainable organic synthesis.
Application of a Generalized Utility Function to Determine the Optimal Composition of Geopolymer Mortar
Authors: Kępniak Maja , Recha Faustyn , Prochoń Piotr
Published: December 2024

The aim of the presented research was to evaluate the impacts of modifications to the technical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer composites, particularly focusing on enhancing the thermal insulation. Through the utilization of a generalized utility function, optimal dosages of additives such as perlite sand, waste perlite powder, and cenospheres were determined. The study aimed to increase the thermal insulation of the composites while maintaining satisfactory compressive and flexural strength. The results indicated that dosages of perlite dust and cenospheres significantly influenced the technical characteristics of the composites; an exception was the flexural strength, for which these modifications did not show a statistically significant effect. The average compressive strength values, except for the mixes with poor workability, were at least 3.5 MPa (RILEM class II). Notably, a balanced dosage of additives, around 75 kg per cubic meter of the mixture in the total mixture, yielded the most favorable outcomes in terms of thermal isolation (0.18–0.24 W/(m·K) and workability (cone immersion 40–70 mm). Additionally, perlite dust emerged as a potentially superior modifier due to its waste origin. However, further analysis considering life cycle parameters including the carbon footprint and water footprint would be necessary to validate this claim. Overall, the study highlights the potential of utilizing perlite-based modifiers to enhance the thermal insulation of geopolymers while addressing environmental concerns.
Reconstruction of the Passive Layer of AISI 304 and 316 Steel After Scratching
Authors: Charazińska Sylwia , Sikora Andrzej , Malczewska Beata , Lochyński Paweł
Published: December 2024

Austenitic stainless steels are used widely in many fields due to their good mechanical properties and high resistance to corrosion. This work focuses on the reconstruction of the passive film after scratching. The purpose of the study was to compare changes in the rate of passive layer reconstruction and to discuss the effect of both the type of material and its electrochemical treatment on the reconstruction of the passive layer for two types of stainless steel: 304 and 316. The XPS tests performed indicate a significantly higher Cr/Fe ratio for the samples after the electropolishing process of 1.41–1.88 compared to the as-received samples of 0.82–0.86. After 2–3 min of sputtering the surface with Ar+ ions, a decrease in chromium content can be observed, with a simultaneous increase in nickel content, visible especially for the electropolished samples. A new approach in the conducted research was to scratch the test samples under controlled conditions, then evaluate the dynamics of the passive layer reconstruction using the AFM method, and then confront the obtained results with XPS measurements for the corresponding samples. For the as-received samples (2B finish) and those after surface treatment, regardless of the level of contamination of the electropolishing process bath, the reconstruction time was similar, which was approximately 2 h, although certain differences in the process dynamics were noticeable.
Additive Manufacturing of Biomimetic Near-Zero CTE Optical Structures
Authors: Bai Shuang , Cheng David , Liu Jian
Published: December 2024

Super invar, with its near-zero coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), has a great potential to be used in the design and fabrication of high-precision optical structures, such as optical mirror substrates. In order to reduce the weight and maintain the strength of the mirror substrate, several biomimetic lattice designs were investigated in this paper. The static modeling provides a systematic study on different types of biomimetic mirror substrates. The impact of structure parameters, such as the wall thickness, lattice unit length, height of the lattice structure, and the thickness of the side plate, are also studied. It turns out that the three-layer lattice-structured composite mirror substrate has the best performance. With AM techniques, three-layer gyroid optical structures, which are not possible to fabricate with conventional manufacturing technology, were designed and printed with our in-house-built AM machine. The stiffness test of the gyroid specimens was in good agreement with the modeling results. The gyroid structure shows about a 20% improvement over the honeycomb structure. The gyroid design reduces the equivalent density to 1.8 g/cm3 and has an order-of-magnitude improvement on the thermal deformation, while maintaining a comparable strength with that of beryllium.
Virtual Reality-Based Approach to Evaluate Emotional Everyday Scenarios for a Digital Health Application
Authors: Wunsch Valentin , Picka Effi Freya , Schumm Hanna , Kopp Joshua , Abdulbaki Alshirbaji Tamer , Arabian Herag , Möller Knut , Wagner-Hartl Verena
Published: December 2024

Social interactions are a part of our everyday lives. This can be challenging for individuals who experience social interactions as demanding, such as persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, different types of training exist to help individuals affected by ASD practice in challenging situations. Digital applications offer advantages over traditional training because they can better address the individual needs of people with ASD. The development of a therapeutic application initially requires identifying appropriate emotion-relevant scenarios of social interaction. Based on a previous study evaluating text-based scenarios with different levels of complexity, a virtual reality (VR) environment was developed to assess the applicability of the scenarios in VR. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted. Two different scenarios of social interaction, each with four different levels of complexity, were presented and evaluated by 18 participants (10 males, eight females). A multidimensional approach was used to combine subjective assessments and psychophysiological measures (ECG and EDA). The results showed that the implementation of the scenarios in VR was able to differentiate between different levels of complexity. As the long-term target is to implement the findings in a therapeutic application for people with ASD, the results of the study are promising for the achievement of this goal.
Performance of Commercial Deep Learning-Based Auto-Segmentation Software for Breast Cancer Radiation Therapy Planning: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ng Curtise K. C.
Published: December 2024

As yet, no systematic review on commercial deep learning-based auto-segmentation (DLAS) software for breast cancer radiation therapy (RT) planning has been published, although NRG Oncology has highlighted the necessity for such. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the performances of commercial DLAS software packages for breast cancer RT planning and methods for their performance evaluation. A literature search was conducted with the use of electronic databases. Fifteen papers met the selection criteria and were included. The included studies evaluated eight software packages (Limbus Contour, Manteia AccuLearning, Mirada DLCExpert, MVision.ai Contour+, Radformation AutoContour, RaySearch RayStation, Siemens syngo.via RT Image Suite/AI-Rad Companion Organs RT, and Therapanacea Annotate). Their findings show that the DLAS software could contour ten organs at risk (body, contralateral breast, esophagus-overlapping area, heart, ipsilateral humeral head, left and right lungs, liver, and sternum and trachea) and three clinical target volumes (CTVp_breast, CTVp_chestwall, and CTVn_L1) up to the clinically acceptable standard. This can contribute to 45.4%–93.7% contouring time reduction per patient. Although NRO Oncology has suggested that every clinical center should conduct its own DLAS software evaluation before clinical implementation, such testing appears particularly crucial for Manteia AccuLearning, Mirada DLCExpert, and MVision.ai Contour+ as a result of the methodological weaknesses of the corresponding studies such as the use of small datasets collected retrospectively from single centers for the evaluation.
Ninoa T. cruzi Strain Modifies the Expression of microRNAs in Cardiac Tissue and Plasma During Chagas Disease Infection
Authors: Jiménez-Ortega Rogelio F. , Alejandre-Aguilar Ricardo , Rivas Nancy , Sánchez Fausto , Sánchez-Muñoz Fausto , Ballinas-Verdugo Martha A.
Published: December 2024

Background: Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy is the most severe clinical manifestation of Chagas disease, which affects approximately seven million people worldwide. Latin American countries bear the highest burden, with the greatest morbidity and mortality rates. Currently, diagnostic methods do not provide information on the risk of progression to severe stages of the disease. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as promising tools for monitoring the progression of Chagas disease. This study aimed to analyze the expression profiles of the miRNAs miR-1, miR-16, miR-208, and miR-208b in cardiac tissue, plasma, and plasma extracellular vesicles from Ninoa TcI-infected mice during the acute and indeterminate phases of Chagas disease. Methods: The cardiac-specific miRNAs and miR-16 levels were examined in all samples using RT-qPCR. Additionally, pathway analysis was performed to investigate the impact of potential miRNA target genes across various databases. Results: Elevated miR-208b expression was observed in cardiac tissue and plasma during the acute phase. Bioinformatic analysis identified three pathways implicated in disease progression: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling, Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis, and leukocyte transendothelial migration, as well as cholinergic synapse pathways. Conclusions: MiR-208b was upregulated during the acute phase and downregulated in the indeterminate phase, suggesting it may play a crucial role in disease progression.
Study of Structure and Properties of Thin-Walled Elements of Diamond Cellular Structures Made of Aluminum Alloys via Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Tarasova Tatiana , Podrabinnik Pavel , Babushkin Nikolay , Gusarov Andrey , Khmyrov Roman , Strunevich Daniil , Grigoriev Sergey N.
Published: December 2024

The work is dedicated to the investigation of the possibility of producing and studying the properties of the thin-walled elements of Diamond-type lattice structures, manufactured from the aluminum alloy AlSi10Mg using the selective laser melting method. The accuracy of fabricating the thin-walled elements was assessed depending on the specified model thickness, power, and scanning strategy. It was demonstrated that the minimum wall thickness with minimal porosity was achieved at a laser power of 260 W and a laser scanning speed of 1500 mm/s. Based on the selected SLM parameters, Diamond-type lattice structures with a wall thickness of 200 µm were produced. Tomographic methods confirmed minimal deviation in the thickness and shape of the lattice structure from the model. Mechanical compression tests were conducted to determine the deformation characteristics, as well as the Young’s modulus, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength. It was shown that the chosen parameters allow for the production of functional lattice structures.
Somos empoderadas? A trajetória do termo empoderamento e diálogos sobre pósfeminismo, femvertising de beleza e feminismo de mercadoria
Authors:   , Silva Thayane Pilar Martins da
Published: December 2024

O objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender a trajetória de cooptação do conceito de empoderamento, da teoria para o senso comum e para a lógica de mercado, e assim entender suas transformações de uso e sentido, conforme sua aplicação pelo femvertising de beleza. Com foco no contexto brasileiro, busca-se analisar as contradições, esvaziamentos e efeitos da ressignificação que o conceito sofreu, analisando sob o ponto de vista da teoria feminista contemporânea, conectando conceitos e temas importantes que ainda não são tão usados no Brasil. Entende-se que o processo em voga se insere no conceito de feminismo de commodity, proposto por Goldman, Heath e Smith (1991), assim como conversa com a teoria do pósfeminismo, cujo expoente maior é Rosalind Gill (2011; 2016; 2017) e Angela McRobbie (2006). Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, que busca se inserir no campo dos estudos de gênero, estudos culturais e teoria feminista contemporânea.
Os alicerces da ruína: aproximações entre arte e mito no século XXI
Authors:   , Silva João Pedro Octávio
Published: December 2024

Se levarmos a cabo as aproximações que existem entre as possíveis definições de ‘mito’ e das definições de um ‘objeto de arte', conseguimos encontrar algum fundamento mitológico na atual ideia de ‘arte’? Esta aproximação, mesmo que implicitamente, influencia o imaginário social e valida as produções contemporâneas? A análise desta questão surge a partir do cruzamento entre o conceito de “Mundo da Arte”, criado por Arthur Danto na década de 60 do século passado, e as ideias de Roland Barthes relacionadas ao estudo das mitologias. Mediante uma análise da interseção entre arte com mitos, rituais e as influências socioeconômicas, aborda-se a influência penetrante do sistema capitalista na concepção contemporânea da arte. Desta aproximação teórica, constrói-se uma reflexão sobre a evolução da ideia de arte, traçando a sua trajetória desde as vanguardas até a sua reconceituação como uma 'experiência específica' no panorama artístico contemporâneo.
Análises ecofisiológicas e nutricionais em plantas de Cabreúva (Myroxylon peruiferum L.f.) cultivadas em diferentes proporções de rejeitos oriundos do rompimento da barragem do Fundão
Authors:   , Pimenta Maria de Paula
Published: December 2024

Em 2015, aproximadamente 55 milhões de m3 de rejeitos de minério de ferro, provenientes do rompimento da barragem do Fundão, localizada na região do Quadrilátero Ferrífero do Estado de Minas Gerais, sudeste do Brasil, formaram uma avalanche de rejeitos e água que percorreu um total de 663 km, causando destruição ao longo da bacia do Rio Doce. O mar de lama acarretou o maior desastre socioambiental do setor de mineração no país, com o soterramento da vegetação e o assoreamento de corpos hídricos, causando impactos em toda bacia do Rio Doce. O processo natural de sucessão ecológica nesse ecossistema dificilmente se restabelecerá sem a interferência antrópica. Nesse contexto, visando à preservação dos recursos naturais, ações para recuperar e conservar as áreas remanescentes de mata ciliar e a recuperação das áreas diretamente impactadas são necessárias. Do ponto de vista ecológico, uma das etapas fundamentais para o sucesso da recuperação ambiental é a identificação de espécies arbóreas nativas e capazes de se estabelecer e desenvolver nas áreas ripárias impactadas. Como parte dessa iniciativa, o presente estudo analisou as respostas ecofisiológicas, bioquímicas e a acumulação de elementos minerais nos tecidos de plantas de Cabreúva (Myroxylon peruiferum L.f.), assim como as condições físico-químicas dos substratos utilizados, antes e após o cultivo da espécie por 40 meses, em vasos contendo misturas de rejeitos / substrato fértil, nas proporções de 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% de rejeitos da barragem de Fundão. O aporte de rejeitos nos substratos, principalmente ao nível de 100%, influenciou negativamente o desempenho da espécie. A baixa fertilidade e os teores reduzidos de matéria orgânica e, principalmente, as características físicas-estruturais dos substratos formados foram fatores limitantes ao estabelecimento vegetal. No entanto, mesmo assim, a espécie manteve suas estruturas foliares e as taxas fotossintéticas estáveis, desenvolvendo-se, no período observado, sobre baixos níveis de nutrientes, armazenando a maior parte do Fe e do Mn em suas raízes e caules. Essas características são importantes para a inclusão de plantas de Cabreúva em projetos de recuperação das áreas atingidas pelo desastre da barragem de minério de ferro do Fundão.
Palinologia de espécies brasileiras de Stachytarpheta Vahl (Verbenaceae)
Authors:   , Silva Pâmela Timóteo Patrício da
Published: December 2024

Stachytarpheta Vahl é o segundo maior gênero da família Verbenaceae, compreende mais de cem espécies, distribuídas, principalmente, na região Neotropical. O Brasil é o principal centro de riqueza do gênero, com cerca de 80 espécies, muitas endêmicas e de rara ocorrência. O gênero passou por várias mudanças de classificações infragenéricas, sem consenso entre diferentes autores. Deste modo, os objetivos do presente estudo são caracterizar a morfologia polínica de 33 espécies representativas do gênero Stachytarpheta, pertencentes as secções Stachytarpheta sect. Stachytarpheta e Stachytarpheta sect. Melasanthus e verificar se os dados palinológicos corroboram a circunscrição destas espécies. Para a caracterização palinológica, foram utilizados espécimes depositados no Herbário Leopoldo Krieger da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora e um espécime cultivado na Estação Experimental de Plantas do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. As análises palinológicas foram realizadas com auxílio de microscópio de luz, antes e após o tratamento químico de acetólise, e com microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Dados morfométricos foram obtidos a partir de microscopia de luz, com auxílio de uma ocular micrométrica e submetidos ao tratamento estatístico. Os resultados obtidos permitem confirmar que a ornamentação verrucada, a abertura do tipo colpo, a presença de margem e membrana, são comuns no gênero. Caracteres palinológicos relacionados, especialmente, à margem e à membrana são muito importantes na circunscrição das espécies estudadas e diferentes tipos morfológicos foram estabelecidos, reunindo grupos de espécies, de acordo com a forma dos grãos de pólen. Para a seção Stachytarpheta sect. Stachytarpheta, foram estabelecidos três tipos morfológicos com base nas formas que são apresentadas pelos grãos de pólen. Na seção Stachytarpheta sect. Melasanthus os grãos de pólen apresentaram quatro formas diferentes, destaca-se que para as espécies do complexo Stachytarpheta longispicata foram encontradas apenas duas formas.
Classificação automática de estilos de videoaulas
Authors:   , Aquino Bernadete Aparecida da Rocha
Published: December 2024

Embora as videoaulas sejam frequentemente utilizadas em diversas áreas que abrangem uma ampla gama de estudos e aplicações, a falta de uma abordagem comum para a definição e classificação de seus estilos resulta na utilização de vários modelos diferentes para esses fins. Existem diferentes propostas de classificação desses estilos mas com divergências entre si. Consolidar os estilos de produção permitiria entender as possibilidades de produção de materiais e facilitaria a comunicação entre pesquisadores ou produtores de conteúdo. Para desenvolver essa abordagem comum, existe a necessidade de construir uma estrutura através da qual esses estilos possam ser definidos e classificados. Além disso, muito tem sido feito para investigar os efeitos desses estilos no envolvimento do aluno e no resultado de aprendizagem. Esses estudos sugerem que os estilos de videoaula afetam o desempenho acadêmico e que os alunos aprendam melhor através de um determinado estilo de videoaula em comparação com outros. Com base nisso, os objetivos deste trabalho são propor um modelo unificado para classificação de estilos de videoaulas com base nas nomenclaturas e definições usadas na literatura e propor uma abordagem para classificação automática de 4 estilos de videoaula (Talking Head, Voice Over Slides, Presentation Style e Khan-Style), utilizando características visuais desses estilos. O modelo de classificação proposto permite classificar os estilos de vídeo com base em 2 dimensões visuais, incorporação humana e mídia instrucional. Acreditase que com esse modelo tornará possível a correta caracterização e formação de um entendimento comum de definições de estilos de videoaulas com base em estudos científicos existentes. Já a classificação automática dos estilos poderá ser utilizada por sistemas de recomendação para sugestão de estilos mais aderentes a preferências dos alunos e ao resultado de aprendizagem pretendido. A abordagem apresentada para a classificação automática mostra que as features extraídas dos vídeos são capazes de classificar de forma acurada o conjunto de estilos apresentados neste estudo, sendo essa classificação realizada por meio de features simples e fáceis de serem extraídas.
Validade e responsividade da escala de fadiga de manchester no pós-Covid
Authors:   , Müller Mara Galdino
Published: December 2024

Uma grande parte de pessoas com a doença do coronavírus (COVID19) desenvolvem sintomas persistentes podendo ser denominada condição pós-COVID ou COVID longa de acordo com a duração, maior que três meses. A fadiga tem sido o sintoma mais prevalente relatado após a resolução aguda da infecção, e com grande impacto pessoal, laboral, econômico e social. Portanto, na ausência de um questionário específico para avaliar a fadiga na COVID19, a escala de Fadiga de Manchester (EFDM) para doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, pode ser uma alternativa válida, uma vez que esta foi desenvolvida para avaliar a fadiga em pessoas com acometimento respiratório. Objetivo: Investigar as propriedades de medida de validade e responsividade da Escala de Fadiga de Manchester em pessoas com alta hospitalar por COVID19. Métodos: Estudo observacional longitudinal envolvendo pessoas pós internação hospitalar devido a COVID19. Cinquenta e três participantes foram avaliados quanto a espirometria, comorbidades, dispneia nas atividades pela Medical Research Council Modificada (mMRC), capacidade de exercício pelo teste do Degrau de Seis Minutos (TD6), qualidade de vida pelo Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) e depressão pela escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS). A validade concorrente foi examinada pela relação entre a EFDM a escala mMRC. A validade convergente foi examinada pela relação da EFDM com outros indicadores de fadiga como o domínio sintoma do SGRQ, com o desempenho e com a percepção de fadiga no TD6. A validade discriminante da EFDM foi comparada com os estratos da escala de sintomas mMRC. A responsividade da EFDM foi testada pela análise do efeito do tempo no início e após três meses da primeira avaliação. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 55,3 ± 12,6 anos, e 52% eram homens. A fadiga pela EFDM associou-se moderadamente como impacto físico no SGRQ (rs = -0,30) e a performance no exercício (rs = -0,49). A validade convergente pode ser observada pela moderada associação de todos os domínios e do escore total da EFDM com a depressão (rs =0,54 a 0,67) e com sintomas nas atividades (mMRC) (rs = -0,37 a -0,44). A validade discriminante foi observada pela diferença nos escores de fadiga da EFDM de acordo com os estratos de sintomas nas atividades pela mMRC (p< 0,001 para todos os domínios e total). A responsividade interna da EFDM foi observada pela significante redução do escore total e de todos os domínios medidos no basal e após três meses de seguimento (p< 0,001 para todos). O tamanho do efeito (TE) foi considerado grande para todos os domínios e para o escore total da EFMD (TE > 0,50; p<0,001 para todos). Conclusão: A EFDM é válida e responsiva para medir a fadiga em indivíduos após hospitalização por COVID19, e pode ser um instrumento útil para clínicos e pesquisadores envolvidos no manejo de pessoas acometidas pela COVID19 com sintomas duradouros.
Análise dos estilos de corrida em esteira de corredores recreacionais em diferentes velocidades: um estudo transversal
Authors:   , Agostinho Kamilla Gaudereto
Published: December 2024

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