bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تأثير الإنترنت على التواصل بين الأسرة والطفل أفلام الكرتون المشاهدة عبر اليوتيوب أنموذجا، دراسة ميدانية على عينة من الأسر بولاية بسكرة
Authors: Sahi Ali , Keziz Amel
Published: May 2022

تحضى مواضيع الطفولة باهتمام بالغ من جانب المختصين في علم النفس وعلم الاجتماع لما تشغله هذه الحقبة العمرية في حياة الإنسان من أهمية في بلورة وتكويّن الأسس القاعدية للشخصية، ورغم وجود الأسرة فقد بدأت تتلاشى مظاهر التنشئة الاجتماعية والتربوية والوجدانية والتواصل الذي يربط أفراد هذا البناء في مقابل تدخل مؤسسات أخرى لتضطلع بهذه المهام في ظل التغيرات الاجتماعية و ظهور قنوات عبر اليوتيوب وما تبثه من برامج حيث أصبحت البيئة التي ينغرس فيها الطفل و هذا لما من أفلام كرتونية متنوعة وضمن هذا السياق، تسعى هذه المداخلة إلى تسليط الضوء على تأثير أفلام الكرتون على التواصل الأسري لدى الطفل.
الأثار السلبية لإدمان الألعاب الإلكترونية لدى الأطفال
Authors: Touhami Mohamed , Djafoura Mousab‏
Published: May 2022

حسب دراسة أجرتها مؤسسة (ICDL Arabia) سنة 2014  في دولة الإمارات العربية ، فإنه قد تزايد استخدام النشء للأجهزة  الإلكترونية، حيث يستخدم 26 % منهم الهواتف الذكية ، ويستخدم 37 % أجهزة الكمبيوتر اللوحي. ولا شك ان ارتفاع نسبة استخدام هذه الأجهزة هو من أجل الولوج إلى الإنترنت أو للعب بالألعاب الالكترونية، أصبح  من مظاهر الادمان. والملاحظ أن إدمان الألعاب الإلكترونية لدى الأطفال يُعد موضوعا من المواضيع الخطيرة و التي حظيت باهتمام عديد من الباحثين والمختصين في كافة المجلات، خاصة من ناحية الآثار والعواقب الناجمة عنها، سواء كانت الأثار نفسية مثل سلوك العنف أو جسمية كتضرر العينيين والظهر، لهذا حاولنا في هذه الورقة البحثية التطرق لمجموعة من الأثار السلبية لإدمان  الأطفال على مثل هذه الألعاب الإلكترونية.
المشروع الحضاري في الفكر الحداثي لمالك بن نبي وتجسداته في المجتمعات الآسيوية المعاصرة
Authors: Kettaf Alrezki , Nehaili Hafida
Published: May 2022

تهدف الورقة البحثية إلى استقصاء أهم الحقائق والمقولات التي على اساسها صاغ المفكر مالك بن نبي مشروعه الحضاري انطلاقا من اشكال بحثي مفاده: لماذا تقدم هم وتأخرنا نحن؟، فحاول الاجابة عنه بإعمال فكره في الوقوف على مشكلات الحضارة، ثم صاحب طرحه مؤسسة أجندة وظف فيها شروط النهضة للأمة الاسلامية ومواكبة التقدم ومضاهاة الأمم الأخرى.

 في هذا السياق أوقفتنا محطاته العلاجية لفهمها وإدراك مراميها.
قراءة نقدية في تاريخ الأنثروبولوجيا
Authors: Kandoussi Saadia , Gaada Laid
Published: May 2022

إن ظهور الأنثروبولوجيا  كعلم جديد  تزامن مع بداية  الحركات الاستعمارية، وهو ما أذى إلى انحراف هذا الفكر عن مساره الصحيح، فتحول هذا  التيار الفكري ليصبح أداة في يد الاستعمار.

فهل ساهمت الأنثروبولوجيا  في إعطاء الحجة للاستعمار ؟ أم أن الاستعمار هو من أتاح للأنثروبولوجيا فرصة التطبيق في الميدان بعد اختفاء المجتمعات البدائية ؟
الأنترنيت والطفل بين القبول والرفض
Authors: Zougaie Mounia , Mersali Horiya
Published: May 2022

أصبحت الألعاب الإلكترونية ظاهرة حقيقية في مجتمعنا كما تشكل مصدرًا مهمًا من مصادر التنشئة الاجتماعية لما لها  تأثير مباشر على سلوكيات الأفراد, ومع تنوع الألعاب فأنها أخذت انتباه الأطفال والناشئة حيث يقضون أوقاتًا طويلة في ممارستها, فلهذه الوسيلة التأثير الكبير على عقول الأطفال وعلى جوانب حياتهم, وانتشارها في الأونة الأخيرة يعد من أهم المسببات للعديد من المشكلات المجتمعية.

والسؤال الذي يطرح نفسه إلى أي مدى تؤثر الألعاب الإلكترونية العنيفة التي يفضل الأطفال ممارستها على تشكيل وعي ثقافي جديد في إطار تحرير قوانين المنافسة التجارية والأسواق الحرة لمنتجات الإبداع الثقافي, وقيام قيم ثقافة ترفيهية من خلال ألعاب تحفل بمغامرات اجتياز الواقع وكسر رموزه وأعرافه الثقافية من خلال تكريس ممارسات عنيفة وعبثية, وتسابق محموم في نشر العنف وإباحيته عبر مختلف الألعاب الإلكترونية؟
قـــــــــــراءة في جهـــــــــود أعـــــــــلام الإبستيمولوجيا " غاستون باشلار ، كارل بوبر" أنموذجين
Authors: Atiat Belgasem
Published: May 2022

الإبستيمولوجيا تقوم على نقد المعارف العلمية بغية الاطلاع عن أسس هذه المعارف والعلوم ونظرياتها وتبحث في تفسيراتها للظواهر، وكذا الحجج التي تقوم عليها هذه التفسيرات، وهذا بالتركيز على المفاهيم والمقولات الأساسية والطرائق المنهجية التي تم الاعتماد عليها للوصول إلى نتائج يمكن تعميمها، هذا التعميم التي تعارضه جل الأطروحات الإيبستيمية على أساس أن العلم غير ثابت و دائم التطور والتغير، إن العقلانية العلمية عقلانية فلسفية مفتوحة تقوم على يقين مزدوج، فالواقع التجريبي واقع لا محدود، كما أن النظريات ليست سوى تفسيرات مؤقتة، مما يجعلنا نقول أن أساس العقلانية العلمية هو ذلك الحوار الجدلي بين ما هو عقلي وما هو واقعي، فلا وجود لنظرية علمية خالصة، كما لا توجد تجربة علمية مستقلة عن العقل، وبهذا المعنى نذكر أن "باشلار" فيلسوف عقلاني واقعي، لا يغلب العقل ولا التجربة بل يدمج بينهما فالتجربة تثبت صحة النظرية بالتجريب، وبدون العقل والأفكار والنظريات لا نملك الانطلاقة الضرورية لبناء المعرفة العلمية، والتي بدورها تخضع دائما للنقد و النقد بدوره إلى نقد جديد حتى تتجدد المعرفة وتكتسي مصداقية أكثر، إن ابستومولوجية "كارل بوبر" أضفت فكرا علميا جديدا يقوم على أساس أن كل نظرية علمية تحمل بذور فنائها، وهذا بالمعنى الايجابي أي أن هذا الطرح لا يعني التقليل من مكانة النظريات العلمية فهي أساس و منطلق الأبحاث العلمية، ذلك أن كل عمل الإنسان يشوبه النقص والخطأ فما يصلح الآن قد لا يصلح غدا فضلا أن صاحب نظرية ما قد يناقضها في وقت لاحق، هذا كله حسب بوبر يدعم البحث العلمي ويكسب المعرفة صدقا أكثر فالتجربة حتى وإن بدت يقينية فيجب أن تكرر لأن العلم يحتمل الخطأ دائما.
اتّجاهات أساتذة التّعليم العالي نحو مدى تحقيق معيار الجودة في المؤسسات الجامعية
Authors: Alik Namia , Chibani Leila
Published: May 2022

تهتم دول  العالم بأسرها بالجامعة بمختلف تخصُّصاتها  ( الأدبية والعلمية ) من خلال العمل على  تطويرها وتشييد البناءات لها باعتبار الجامعة رمز من رموز التّطور والتّقدم ومصدر للبحث العلمي، فهي تسعى لتحقيق الجودة والرّفاهية والازدهار والكفاءة اللازمة و ذلك بما يتماشى مع مواكبة  العصرنة والحداثة في مجال توفير التكنولوجيا لها ودخولها بالتالي  ركب العالميّة  لما تقدمه في مجال البحث العلمي، من أجل استغلاله بما يخدم المجتمع ، باعتبار الجامعة أحد المفاتيح المحركة لعجلة التقدم والتنمية.

والجزائر واحدة من  بين هذه الدول التّي تسعى إلى مجارات ومسايرة التّطور والخوض في عالم تحقيق الجودة  والرفاهية في مجال التّربية ولا سيّما قطاع التّعليم العالي من خلال ما تقوم به من جهود وإصلاحات جبارة ومستمرة  خاصة في السنوات الأخيرة كما نلاحظه على مستوى مؤسساتنا الجامعية الجزائرية ، إضافة إلى توجّهها نحو فكرة تحقيق الجودة في التّعليم للدّخول إلى عالم المنافسة الإقليميّة العربيّة أو الأفريقية وحتى العالمية.
إدارة الجودة الشاملة في المؤسسة الاقتصادية: دراسة تحليلية
Authors: Bachta Hanane , Bouamoucha Naim
Published: May 2022

إن ظهور إدارة الجودة الشاملة لم يكن محض الصدفة، ولكنها تراكم للخبرات البشرية، وتطورت حسب الضرورة المقتضات والتسارع المتلاحق في الأحداث، وهو ما يجعل الجودة الشاملة هدفا لكل المؤسسات الطموحة. ولعل هذا الاهتمام المتزايد بالجودة يأتي كنتيجة طبيعية لكونها إحدى الاستراتيجيات الأساسية لمواجهة التحديات العالمية. وقد تبلورت فلسفة الجودة الشاملة واتضحت معالمها بقوة في فترة الثمانينيات من القرن العشرين، والتي عرفت زيادة الوعي بقيمة وأهمية تحسين الجودة في كل المؤسسات، ففي ظل الاهتمام العالمي المتزايد بالجودة ليس فقط جودة السلع والمنتجات وإنما أيضا جودة الخدمات، أصبح من الأكيد أن الجودة ليست خيارا بل ضرورة لنجاح أي نظام. وعليه فإن إدارة الجودة الشاملة تركز على مفهوم البقاء والاستمرار والتطوير من خلال استشراف آفاق المستقل للوصول إلى أفضل أداء، وهذا الاهتمام بالجودة الشاملة جعل المفكرين يطلقون على هذا العصر عصر الجودة الشاملة.
Simulation and fabrication of an integrating well-aligned silicon nanowires substrate for trapping circulating tumor cells labeled with Fe3O4 nanoparticles in a microfluidic device
Authors: Ghafouri Vahid , Badieirostami Majid , Fathipour Morteza
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the transformed tumor cells that can penetrate into the bloodstream and are available at concentrations as low as 1-100 cells per milliliter. To trap CTCs in the blood, one valid and mature technique that has been developed is the magnetophoresis-based separation in a microfluidic channel. Recently, nanostructured platforms have also been developed to trap specific targeted and marker cells in the blood. We aimed to integrate both in one platform to improve trapping. Methods: Here, we developed a numerical scheme and an integrated device that considered the interaction between drag and magnetic forces on paramagnetic labeled cells in the fluid as well as interaction of these two forces with the adhesive force and the surface friction of the nanowires substrate. We aimed on developing a more advanced technique that integrated the magnetophoretic property of some Fe3O4 paramagnetic nanoparticles (PMNPs) with a silicon nanowires (SiNWs) substrate in a microfluidic device to trap MDA-MB231 cell lines as CTCs in the blood. Results: Simulation indicated assuming that the nanoparticles adhere perfectly to the white blood cells (WBCs) and the CTCs, the magnetic moment of the CTCs was almost one order of magnitude larger than that of the WBCs, so its attraction by the magnetic field was much higher. In general with significant statistics, the integrated device can trap almost all of the CTCs on the SiNWs substrate. In the experimental section, we took advantage of the integrated trapping techniques, including micropost barriers, magnetophoresis, and nanowires-based substrate to more effectively isolate the CTCs. Conclusion: The simulation indicated that the proposed device could almost trap all of the CTCs onto the SiNWs substrate, whereas trapping in flat substrates with magnetophoretic force was very low. As a result of the magnetic field gradient, magnetophoretic force was applied to the cells through the nanoparticles, which would efficiently drive down the nanoparticle-tagged cells. For the experimental validation, anti-EpCAM antibodies for specific binding to tumor cells were used. Using this specific targeting method and by statistically counting, it was shown that the proposed technique has excellent performance and results in the trapping efficiency of above 90%.
Esophageal Intramural Haematoma related Dysphagia: A rare complication after thrombolysis
Authors: Verma Samman , Gupta Prashant , Dutta Amitava , Gupta Pankaj , Sharma Vishal
Published: May 2022

Esophageal Intramural Haematoma (EIH) is a rare entity usually caused by repeated emesis or trauma. It is diagnosed on the basis of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and radiology. Treatment is conservative unless hemodynamic instability prevails. Use of anticoagulation or thrombolytic therapy is believed to be a risk factor rather than a causative etiology. However, a review of literature shows only few cases occurring post-thrombolysis. We report about a patient of myocardial infarction who was thrombolyzed with streptokinase. He developed hematemesis and dysphagia a few hours after thrombolysis despite ECG resolution of his ST elevation. He was diagnosed to have EIH on basis of endoscopic and computed tomographic findings. His symptoms improved within two weeks, and a repeat UGIE showed resolution of the hematoma.
Why INR is outside the therapeutic range in patients with acuteischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sadeghi Hokmabadi Elyar , Shaafi Sheida , Sadeghpour Yalda , Deljavan Reza , Jalili Javad , Ghojazadeh Morteza , Alizade Najmi Elyar , Charsouei Saeid , Farhoudi Mehdi
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Warfarin is still the primary drug used to prevent vascular events in patientswith atrial fibrillation (AF), especially in low-income countries. Therapeutic failure and non-adherenceare common causes of recurrent embolic events. The aim of this study was toinvestigate possible reasons why INR was outside the therapeutic range in patients presentingwith acute ischemic stroke and AF. Methods: This prospective study was performed over a ten-month period and all patientsadmitted with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled. Patients with AF who did not have INRwithin the therapeutic range (INR = 2-3) at the time of admission were identified. During a face-to-face interview, the reasons for INR being outside the therapeutic range were assessed basedon a prepared checklist. Results: During the study period, 810 patients had an acute ischemic stroke, of which 177 hadAF heart rhythm (22%). The median age was 76 (IQR: 71-83), and 87 (52%) were male. Of these177 patients, 44 (25%) had a previous history of AF ("previous AF" group) and 133 (75%) werediagnosed with AF during the current hospital admission ("new AF" group). Among patients onwarfarin but with INR outside the therapeutic range (29 in all), 20 (69%) did not see a physicianregularly and/or did not take medication according to the physician’s instructions. Conclusion: The most common reason for INR being outside the therapeutic range was patientslack of awareness of their heart disease (unrecognized AF). Other reasons included irregularvisits to the physician and drug non-adherence.
Evaluation of the correlation between end-tidal arterial carbon dioxide pressure based on mainstream capnography technique and arterial carbon dioxide pressure based on arterial blood gas analysis before and after cardiopulmonary bypass pump in children with non-cyanotic congenital heart defects
Authors: Taghizadeh Ashkan , Naghashian Hooman , Faroughi Rojin , Nooralishahi Behrang
Published: May 2022

Background. It is still a matter of debate whether the evaluation of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) using a capnography device allows the evaluation of non-invasive monitoring of arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2). The aim of this study was to compare the value of ETCO2 by direct mainstream and PaCO2 based on arterial gas analysis (ABG) before and after cardiopulmonary bypass pump in children with congenital heart defects. Methods. Twenty nine children who were candidates for elective cardiac surgery and were admitted to the Children's Medical Center were enrolled. Before and after cardiopulmonary bypass pump, ETCO2 was evaluated based on mainstream technique and PaCO2 based on arterial gas analysis. Results. The mean difference between ETCO2 and PaCO2 values before cardiopulmonary bypass pump was 3/68 ± 5/32 mm Hg, which considering that the difference of less than 5 mm Hg is clinically negligible, indicates an acceptable agreement between them. However, the mean difference between the two indices after cardiopulmonary bypass pump was 7/0 ± 6/85 mm Hg that accordingly, the difference between the two measured values after cardiopulmonary bypass will be clinically significant. Conclusion. Preoperative ETCO2 evaluation can provide a close prediction of PaCO2 levels, but after pumping, direct arterial sampling should be taken to accurately measure PaCO2 levels in non-cyanotic patients undergoing heart surgery. Practical Implications. When confronting with a child with non-cyanotic heart defect undergoing surgery, we suggest relying on capnography as a mirror of arterial blood pressure of carbon dioxide. However, capnography may not be as reliable during early post-bypass period in this group of patients and repeated arterial blood samples may be necessary.
ADLİ YAPTIRIM VE İDARİ YAPTIRIM AYRIMININ ASKERİ SUÇ VE DİSİPLİNSİZLİKLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YILDIZ Furkan
Published: May 2022

16 Şubat 2013 tarihinde yürürlüğe giren 6413 sayılı Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri Disiplin Kanunu, daha evvel askeri mevzuatta dağınık halde düzenlenmiş olan disiplin suç ve kabahatlerini tek kanunda toplayarak kanunilik ilkesinin disiplinsizlikler hakkında da uygulanmasını öngörmüştür. Ancak disiplin amirlerine kıyas yetkisi verilmesi ve kapsamı muğlak olan
disiplinsizliklerin kanunda yer alması birçok tartışmayı beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu makalede, askeri suç ve disiplinsizliklerin bağımsızlığı, ceza hukukunun temel ilkeleri olan kanunilik ilkesi ve non bis in idem ilkesi açısından ele alınmıştır. Bununla birlikte bir eylem hakkında aynı anda uygulanabilecek olan ve uygulanamayacak olan yaptırımlar güncel askeri mevzuat kapsamında ele alınmış ve örneklerle açıklanmıştır.
İNSAN HAKLARI ÇATIŞMALARININ ÇÖZÜMLENMESİNDE ÇOCUĞUN ÜSTÜN YARARI İLKESİNİN İŞLEVİ: TÜRK ANAYASA MAHKEMESİ KARARLARI ÇERÇEVESİNDE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: HAZAR Zeynep
Published: May 2022

Çocuğun üstün yararı, çocuk haklarına ilişkin uluslararası insan hakları düzenlemelerinin ortaya çıkışıyla birlikte, bedensel, zihinsel, ekonomik ve sosyal bakımdan güçsüz ve dezavantajlı gruplardan biri olan çocukları ilgilendiren her konuda başvurulacak temel bir ilke haline gelmiştir. İlkenin bu geniş kullanımıyla beraber işlevinin ne olduğu konusunda tartışmalar devam etmektedir. Çocuk Hakları Komitesi’nin 2013 yılında kabul ettiği genel yorum kararına göre çocuğun üstün yararı, maddi bir hak, temel bir yorum ilkesi ve bir usul kuralıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı çocuğun üstün yararının insan hakları çatışmalarının çözümlenmesindeki işlevinin, Çocuk Hakları Komitesi’nin 2013 tarihli genel yorum kararı ve Türk Anayasa Mahkemesi içtihadı ışığında ortaya konulmasıdır.
Identifikasi Miskonsepsi Ikatan Kimia Menggunakan Diagnostic Test Multiple Choice Berbantuan Certainty of Response Index
Authors: Karim Fadila , Ischak Netty Ino , Mohamad Erni , Aman La Ode
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi miskonsepsi siswa SMA Negeri 1 Kabila pada materi ikatan kimia dengan menggunakan instrumen Diagnostic test multiple choice berbantuan Certainty of response index. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Three-tier multiple choice. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan adalah kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Kabila dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 58 siswa. Data penelitian ini di peroleh dari jawaban siswa pada soal three-tier multiple choice dan diolah berdasarkan pola jawaban siswa yang kemudian di kelompokan ke dalam kategori paham konsep , miskonsepsi error 1, miskonsepsi error 2, miskonsepsi error 3 dan tidak paham konsep. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kategori miskonsepsi error 1 (MK1) 3,22%, miskonsepsi error 2 (MK2) 8,55%, dan kategori miskonsepsi error 3 (MK3) 19,34%. Sedangkan paham konsep 12,55% dan tidak paham konsep 56,32%.
Identifikasi Pemahaman Konsep Mahasiswa Tingkat Multi-Representasi Pada Materi Asam Karboksilat
Authors: Musa Weny J.A , Ampile Nurindah Dewi Harini , Rumape Opir
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemahaman konsep tingkat representasi makroskopik, mikroskopik dan simbolik mahasiswa pada materi asam karboksilat. Instrumen yang di gunakan adalah Three-tier multiple choice. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan adalah mahasiswa prodi Pendidikan Kimia UNG Angkatan 2019 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 43 mahasiswa. Data penelitian di peroleh dari jawaban mahasiswa pada soal tes asam karboksilat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa yang mengalami miskonsepsi 1 (MK1) sebesar 14,65%, dan miskonsepsi 2 (MK2) sebesar 16,23%. Jumlah siswa yang paham konsep diperoleh sebesar 20,32% dan tidak paham konsep berjumlah

48,80%.
Identifikasi Pemahaman Konsep Siswa pada Materi Hidrokarbon
Authors: Dilapanga Harsya Wiriawan , Paputungan Mardjan , Tangio Julhim S. , La Kilo Jafar
Published: May 2022

Identifikasi Pemahaman Konsep Siswa SMA Negeri 4 Gorontalo Pada Materi Hidrokarbon. Skripsi, Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. Pembimbing I Drs. Mardjan Paputungan M.Si dan Pembimbing II Julhim S. Tangio, S.Pd, M.Pd. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi Hidrokarbon. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA SMAN 4 Gorontalo yang berjumlah 3 kelas. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah kelas XI IPA 1, XI IPA 2, dan XI IPA 3. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen tes two tier multiple choice. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemahaman konsep siswa untuk indikator mengidentifikasi unsur-unsur dalam senyawa karbon kategori cukup paham konsep sebesar 42.11%, untuk indikator mendeskripsikan kekhasan atom karbon dalam senyawa karbon kategori kurang paham 29.24%, untuk indikator membedakan atom karbon primer, sekunder, tersier dan kuartener kategori tidak paham konsep 12%, untuk indikator mengelompokkan senyawa hidrokarbon berdasarkan kejenuhan ikatan kategori tidak paham 17.54%, untuk indikator memberi nama senyawa alkana, alkena dan alkuna kategori tidak paham 17.54% dan untuk indikator menentukan titik didih dan hubungannya dengan Mr kategori kurang paham konsep 24.56%. dan untuk indikator menentukan isomer dalam senyawa hidrokarbon kategori tidak paham konsep sebesar 10.53%.
Instruments Used in Short Sea Shipping Research between 2002 and 2019
Authors:   Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology, Lumut, Malaysia., Zakaria* Amayrol , Md Arof Aminuddin ,   Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology, Lumut, Malaysia., Khabir Abdul ,   Mitrans / Faculty of Business Management, UiTM, Malaysia.
Published: May 2022

This study examines in what way SSS) has been researched through an inclusive review of papers published in well-known journals over the 2002–2019 period. Systematic exploration shows that Maritime Policy and Management plays a dominant role in publishing SSS research. At the same time, classification and identification of important on determinants and barriers for successful SSS has been found as the main research area, followed by attractiveness and competitiveness of SSS; policy and subsidizations in SSS and multimodal transportation network; energy efficiency, emission and environmental issue and protection; ports and transport system efficiency; cargo operations, inventory management, competitive SSS technology and ICT; potential demand, opportunity and competitive advantage; sustainable development and influence of meteorological and weather conditions on SSS operations as popular topics. Since 2002, the use of quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques has progressively increased in SSS in order to help researchers make decisions through selected scientific methods. With this work, present and prospective researchers can understand the contemporary development and popular research topics in SSS. By presenting a review on the common research instruments and techniques used in SSS research, this study is expected to seal the gap in the present literature through the collation of information on the research approaches in contemporary SSS studies.
Strategic Financial Practices and Funding Sustainability of Non-Governmental Organizations in Kenya: A Case of Islamic Relief Kenya
Authors: Mohamed Adankhalif Issack , Makori Daniel
Published: May 2022

Sustainable funding assist various NGO's implements several programmatic interventions that not only assist the societies but will equally improve the living standard. But global funding has been in one way or the other affected by harsh economic times. A number of NGOs are stopping operations every day because they don't have sustainable funding. Many new NGOS are falling into the financial un-sustainability pitfall since they are in operation for a few years and then disappear. NGOS' failure to sustain their work arise from various inadequacies and majorly, the lack of financial resources. The general study objective was to establish the strategic financial practices and funding sustainability of Kenyan NGOs with specific reference to Islamic Relief Kenya. Descriptive research design was adapted. The target population was 224 staffs including the management both top and middle level and operational staff team of the Islamic Relief Kenya in Nairobi. Sixty-seven respondents were picked using stratified proportionate random sampling technique and data obtained by questionnaires. Inferential statistics included regression and correlation. The data variable was factored in the multiple regression model. The study found that own income generation contributed the least followed by income diversification and then financial planning while donor fund management contributed most to funding sustainability of nongovernmental. The study found that income diversification played a significant role as it fuels growth through corporate donor sourcing. The study also found that donor fund management played a significant role as evidenced by the information management which affects most and maintaining regular meaningful communications with their donors. The study further found that financial planning systems played a critical role mostly in preparation of budget control which contributed to financial planning as tool for enhancing sustainability. The study recommends that the NGO should hire skilled and competent staffs so that fair financial planning is achieved, the skilled staffs should have understanding in the areas of financial analysis, implementation of plan and budget control. The management team of NGO should find other ways to increase their income from their current source hence to increase income diversification. Through information management, the organization should ensure enhance communication and accountability to maintain a good relationship with the donors. The management should also participate more in income generating activities to enhance accountability.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TREATMENT OF UNSTABLE INTERTROCHANTERIC FRACTURES WITH PROXIMAL FEMORAL NAILING AND CEMENTED HEMIARTHROPLASTY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: Chowdhury Rupam , Patnaik Sanjeev
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Fractures of the Intertrochanteric region are some of the most common fractures encountered by an orthopaedic surgeon. With
increase in life expectancy, the incidence of these fractures is also increasing. The incidence of hip fractures worldwide is estimated at 1.6 million.
Hip fractures always cause short term and long-term complications and morbidities. Intertrochanteric fractures in osteoporotic bones with gross
comminution are highly unstable and are associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality.
Aim: To compare the clinical outcome in patients operated with proximal femoral nailing versus patients operated with cemented hemiarthroplasty
in case of unstable intertrochanteric fractures of elderly patients.
Materials And Methods: This is a hospital based comparative study done in elderly patients of age 65 years and above with unstable
intertrochanteric fractures being admitted in Apollo Hospitals, Bhubaneswar. Sample size had been determined on the basis of availability of the
patients and was taken as 25 for proximal femoral nailing and 25 for cemented hemiarthroplasty on the basis of randomisation sampling method
before March 2020 .Patients were evaluated on the basis of clinical history, clinical examination , surgical and post-operative rehabilitation after
taking proper consent .
Results: Cemented hemiarthroplasty for the unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur in elderly has good early clinical outcome on the basis
of this study . In this study 6thmonth and 9thmonth harris hip score were signicantly more in cemented hemiarthroplasty compared to proximal
femur nailing which was statistically signicant. Cemented hemiarthroplasty in unstable intertrochanteric fractures has a major advantage of
allowing early mobilization, immediate weight bearing with walker, rapid rehabilitation, shorter hospital stay and early return to work so we
believe that cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty is of choice in freely mobile elderly patients above sixty ve years of age with an intertrochanteric
femoral fracture.
Conclusion: cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty is of choice in freely mobile elderly patients above sixty ve years of age with an intertrochanteric
femoral fracture.
ROLE OF POLYPHENOL IN DENTISTRY AND GENERAL HEALTH
Authors: Chowdhery Divya
Published: May 2022

Polyphenols have gained much interest recently due to its anti-oxidant capacity and possible benets to human health such as anti-carcinogenic,
anti-atherogenic, anti-ulcer, anti-thrombotic, anti-inammatory, immune modulating, anti-microbial, vasodilator and analgesic effects.
Polyphenols constitute one of the most common groups of substance in plants. Polyphenol compounds have been reported to have wide range of
biological activities, many of which are related to their conventional antioxidant action; however increasing scientic knowledge has highlighted
their potential activity in preventing oral disease, including the prevention of tooth decay, oral ulcers, oral cancers, gingivitis, periodontitis and
halitosis.
FETO-MATERNAL OUTCOME IN SURGICALLY CORRECTED CARDIAC DISEASE AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN RAJASTHAN
Authors: Choudhary Bhanuja , Choudhary Jaya , Ghiya Saloni
Published: May 2022

Background: Heart disease is a common and serious clinical condition. Most cardiovascular problems in pregnant women arise from pre-existing
chronic conditions (rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease and hypertensive vascular disease). The incidence of maternal heart disease in
(1).
India is about 0.5-1% of all pregnancies Rheumatic heart disease forms majority of patients in this group. It cause chronic valvular lesions
commonly affecting the mitral and aortic valves. Objective of present study was to evaluate the burden of cardiac diseases in pregnancy in our
hospital and maternal and fetal outcome in patients with surgically corrected cardiac disease.
Methods:An observational study was conducted at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur from January 2020. 50 pregnant
women with surgically corrected heart disease over the period were included in the study. Detailed demographic data, type of surgical
connection , maternal outcome , mode of delivery and neonatal outcome were analyzed in detail.
Result:There were 50 patients of surgically corrected heart disease in our study period out of which 90% were rheumatic heart disease. Mitral
stenosis accounted for 90% cases and 82% required BMV , 8% required MVR. Majority of patients 52% belonged to 26-30years of age group. 50%
were primigravida. Pregnancy outcome was uneventful in 92% cases. Among maternal outcome , rhythm disorder were found in 4%,
thromboembolic phenomena were found in 2% , cardiac failure in 2%, coagulopathy in 2%, PPH in 8%, puerperal pyrexia in 4%.
1 patient died due to cardiac failure with known case of MS with severe pulmonary hypertension. 52% women were delivered by normal vaginal
delivery , 18% were forcep deliveries and 20% underwent caesarean section for obstetric indication. In Neonatal outcome, 62% were full term
babies, 38% were pre term babies. 96% were live births , 4% were still births , 2% neonatal death.
Conclusion:Rheumatic heart disease was predominant type. Patients with NYHAclass I/ II had better fetomaternal outcome.
Surgically treated women tolerate pregnancy well. Fetomaternal outcome can be improved with combined care by obstetrician, cardiologist and
neonatologist
WHATSAPP MESSENGER IS A FEASIBLE TOOL TO COMPLEMENT THE TRAINING OF MEDICAL EDUCATORS IN INDIA.
Authors: C Agrawal Alok , Kumar Garg Ankit , Ingle Avinash , Shah Seema
Published: May 2022

Background: Instant Messenger apps in Social media have become a new normal in the difcult COVID 19 Pandemic times. WhatsApp
Messenger (WA), as a representative tool of instant messenger Apps, is universally used in India. The ease of sharing text messages, data, and
images in groups has decreased the communication between people. This study aims to assess the perception of medical educators across India in
incorporating WAas a complementary medical education tool and to study group dynamics between different sizes of WhatsApp groups.
Methods: 126 faculties from different medical colleges of India were part of training in medical education supported by WhatsApp. There was the
main group of all faculty and six variable sizes smaller groups. An online lecture followed by the WA interactive session was conducted daily at a
xed time slot for four weeks. An analysis was performed based on the results of the structured questionnaire after the session on the usefulness of
WhatsApp in medical education and the group dynamics after that.
Results: 93.6 % of the participants felt that WA is an essential tool in medical education. 42.3 % of participants felt interaction as the main
advantage, followed by information sources (26.9%) and discussion activities (15.3%). The participants in smaller WA groups felt that interaction
in smaller groups was better than in larger groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The ndings of this study illustrate that WA is a complementary teaching tool that facilitates an optimum environment for learning.
While the WAcan provide information and serve as a platform interaction, the group size affects the dynamics.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY BASED CHARACTERIZATION OF NON- SMALL CELL LUNG CARCINOMA IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF EASTERN INDIA.
Authors: Ranjan Alok , Khanna Nisha , Ranjan Vivek
Published: May 2022

NTRODUCTION- Lung malignancies are the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in industrialized countries. Lung malignancies are
traditionally classied as Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma(NSCLC) and Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. The NSCLCs are the most common type
and is further subclassied into adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. This is aMATERIAL AND METHODS-
cross-sectional study done between 2019 and 2021 at the tertiary cancer centre at Jharkhand. A total of 100 diagnosed cases of Non-small cell lung
cancer by histopathological examination of lung biopsy are included in this study. Followed by immunohistochemistry with p63, TTF-1, Napsin A,
and CK 5/6. Out of 100 cases, 60 cases were of adenocarcinoma and 40 cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Among those 60 cases ofRESULTS-
adenocarcinoma, NapsinAwas positive in 85% cases and TTF-1 was positive in 93% cases, CK5/6 and p63 positivity was seen in 7 % and 8% cases
respectively. Out of 40 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 92% cases were immunoreactive for CK5/6 while p63 was positive in 85% cases, 25%
cases were also positive for TTF-1. In our study, Napsin A was more specic than TTF-1 regarding the diagnosis of lungDISCUSSION-
adenocarcinoma, and CK5/6, having more specicity than p63, showed signicant immunoreactivity with regards to lung squamous cell
carcinoma.
LUMPY BUMPY ESOPHAGUS: A RARE CAUSE OF PSEUDOACHALASIA
Authors: C Shah Nikita , V Manudhane Roopali , Sisodiya Sneha , W Dhakre Vijay , Amarapurkar Anjali D
Published: May 2022

Benign esophageal tumors are slow growing but they rarely grow to the extent that may lead to pseudoachalasia like symptoms making complete
surgical resection mandatory. We report a case of young girl presenting with dysphagia since 6 months and showing diffuse lesion on radiology
involving esophagus and part of stomach.
A STUDY OF PREDICTORS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF RISK OF COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER ABSCESS IN VINDHYA REGION
Authors: Lukose Anita , Singh Shailendra , Kailasia Yogesh
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Liver abscess can be dened as an infectious space occupying lesion of the liver. As India is a one of the tropical countries and home
to 400 million people harboring E. histolytica, the causative organism of amoebic liver abscess, it is important to thoroughly understand of the liver
abscess. It is caused by Entamoeba histolytica infestation. 3-9% Patients with amoebiasis may have amoebic liver disease. The amoebic liver tumor
is more common in males but the pyogenic liver tumor has similar incidence of sex.
Methods: Approximate 100 cases, above 14 years of age, irrespective of sex, getting admitted through SOPD, casualty or transferred from other
department diagnosed as liver abscess or based on clinical suspicion, during the period of study were included in the study. All patients were
thoroughly examined and case sheets were written in same set pattern to facilitate later comparison and written consent was obtained from all the
patients for our study.
Result: Mean age of our study group (cases) was found to be 43.45. Male: female ratio was found to be 6.12:1. The various parameters used in our
study for develop scoring system are: age >50 years, duration of onset, history of alcoholism ( 5to 10 years or more than 10 years), total leukocyte
count(>15000/cumm), bilirubin(>1.5mg/dl), INR(>1.5), total Sr. albumin(,3gm/dl), number of abscess cavity, total volume of cavity, pleural
effusion if present on xray, diabetic status. Each parameter was assigned one point except for history of alcoholism more than 10 years, total
leukocyte count >15000/cumm and multiple abscesses each of which was given 0 to 2 points..
Conclusion: Scoring systems can be introduced in any institution and can be incorporated into the management protocols of liver abscess.
IRON & CALCIUM DEFICIENCY – POTENTIAL RISK FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF BILIARY CALCULI – A PROSPECTIVE STUDY CONDUCTED IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF EASTERN INDIA.
Authors: Kundu Agniswar , Bhattacharjee Sanjoy Mohan
Published: May 2022

Alteration in the serum level of trace elements may be an important causative factor in the formation of biliary calculi. Better understanding of the
pathophysiology will help in prevention of this one of the commonest surgical problem in future. Deciency of the trace elements especially iron &
calcium interferes with the hepatic enzyme function that precipitates gall stone formation. This hypothesis is supported by few recent studies in
animal & human model in India and abroad. This prospective study was planned to evaluate serum concentration of iron & calcium in 2 groups of
patients, one group having cholelithiasis and another group undergoing other elective surgical procedures, named cases and controls respectively,
over a period of one and half years. It was found that the level of serum iron of the patients with gallstone was signicantly lower than that of the
patients without gallstone [p=0.04]. The risk of gallstone formation was also 5.44 times more among the patients with serum iron deciency as
compared to the patients with normal level of serum iron and the risk was signicant [OR-5.44(1.61, 48.39);p=0.04]. Moreover, further analysis in
the case group shows that the mean level of serum iron for Pigment stone was the highest and that for Cholesterol stone was the lowest and the
2
difference is statistically signicant. Corrected Chi-square (χ ) test showed that there was signicant association between level of serum calcium
and patients of the two groups (p=0.026). The risk of gallstone was 7.97 times more among the patients with serum calcium deciency as compared
to the patients with normal level of serum calcium and the risk was signicant [OR-7.97(1.04, 67.45);p=0.026]. Also, t-test showed that there was
signicant difference in the level of serum calcium of the patients with gallstone than that of the patients without gallstone [t98 = 1.98; p=0.04] .
Among the 3 stone groups in the Case arm the mean level of serum calcium for Pigment stone was the highest and that for Cholesterol stone was the
lowest, but this difference is not statistically signicant (p=0.08).
“COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN PREPERITONEAL AND INTRAPERITONEAL ONLAY MESH REPAIR OF VENTRAL HERNIA”
Authors: Shahi Megha , Bhattacharjee Sanjoy Mohan
Published: May 2022

In this study we compare the results between Preperitoneal and Intraperitoneal Onlay Mesh Repair of Ventral Hernia. It is a Prospective
Randomized Controlled study conducted in a tertiary care centre in Eastern India between September 2018 and March 2020.In this study 78
patients were enrolled. They are randomized into two groups. About 65% of patients who enrolled for the study are females. 12% patients had
Umbilical hernia, 55% had Paraumbilical hernia and 24% had Epigastric hernias. Patients with Incisional Hernia were not included.
The mean duration of surgery, hospital stay and pain score (as per the visual analog scale) was signicantly less in IPOM compared to PPOM. There
was no Haematoma formation in either of the groups. Return to normal work was signicantly earlier in the group undergoing IPOM over those
undergoing PPOM. Patients undergoing IPOM were more satised with the cosmetic appearance in the post-operative period as compared to those
undergoing PPOM however the incidence of seroma formation was more in the former.
LEAKING PSEUDOANEURYSM POST BRACHIOCEPHALIC AV FISTULA – A CASE REPORT
Authors: Pothumudi Shiny , S Iyer Raju
Published: May 2022

A 43 years old female patient with history of end stage renal disease who had undergone left brachiocephalic AV stula creation for maintainance hemodialysis presented to the casuality on postoperative day-20 (30/1/22) with spurting of blood from the stula site since that morning. Past history- patient was a known case of chronic kidney disease who was on maintainance hemodialysis (2 cycles /week) and had undergone left brachiocephalicAV stula creation on 10/1/22. On presentation this time with bleeding , her blood pressure was 80/50 mmhg, with pulse rate of 120 bpm. After immediate control of bleeding with tight bandage , patient was stabilized and was examined. Then the patient was shifted to the emergency operation theatre and the repair was done.
COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME SURVEY: A STUDY OF OCCULAR PROBLEMS AMONGST DIGITAL DEVICE USERS:
Authors: Shamshoddin Shamshoddin , Arunkumar Chirag , Arunkumar Shantala , Barki Renuka
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE: The aim of study was to assess the prevalence of CVS symptoms concerned to eye & other health related problems in digital device
users
METHODS: A Cross-sectional study was conducted among medical & engineering graduates & IT professionals during march-june2020.After
taking informed consent the data of the effects and prevalence of CVS among digital device users were collected using a structured questionnaire
RESULTS: Amongst 417 participants, most common & disturbing symptoms of Eye were eye strain, fatigue, dry eye (39.5%,20.7%,11.3%),
headache & blurring of vision (40.1%&15.9%), neck & back pain (41%&37.6%), were experienced after 2-4hrs (28.5%) of continuous
use.7.2%were unaware of above side effects.
CONCLUSION: We noted 92.8% users were having CVS symptoms & duration of digital device usage is directly proportional to the severity of
symptoms. CVS oftenly goes unnoticed. People might not have the appropriate vocabulary to label & describe their symptoms, hence this study
helps to seek early diagnosis and prevention.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & DENTISTRY: A REVIEW
Authors: Shah Jill J. , Gupta Apoorva , Jha Aneri S. , K. Shah Kena , M. Kazi Aesha , P. Makwana Kamya
Published: May 2022

Articial intelligence is gaining attention all over the globe as it has marked a high impact, breakthrough in the eld of intelligence innovation. As
the age increases, human beings are expecting a extra accurate and all-inclusive treatment, hence the dependency on articial intelligence can only
add privilege to the quality of treatment. Machine learning does not intend to replace the dental healthcare worker, but can be a method to create a
second informed opinion based on mathematical decision making and prediction. It is employed in each eld, ranging from automation to dentistry.
It is a rescuer for dentistry specically in the eld of Prosthodontics as it aids in the scheming of prostheses and in the creation of functional
maxillofacial appliances. It is also useful in the process of record keeping of patient documents, diagnosis, treatment planning and patient
managing; hence it supports the dental surgeons to work smarter.
UNUSUAL CAUSE OF BILIARY OBSTRUCTION IN AN ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENT
Authors: Nahata Rohit , P Choudri Praveenkumar , Sanjay Dalvi Rushabh
Published: May 2022

Benign tumors arising from the extra hepatic biliary tree are very rare, and are reported to occupy 6% of all tumors of the bile ducts. In benign
tumors, adenoma and papilloma are the most common ones. Adenomas of the extra hepatic biliary tree usually present clinically with features of
obstructive jaundice or chronic right upper quadrant pain. Herein, we report a case of a 77-year-old woman with right lower limb weakness
secondary to left subdural hemorrhage being diagnosed incidentally with extra and intrahepatic biliary obstruction secondary to distal common
bile duct lesion on radiological examination. It was initially misinterpreted as a common bile duct calculus. This diagnosis was of utmost
importance because of the malignant potential of these benign tumors. Our study sheds light on the common pitfall in radiological diagnosis in such
case between calculus and mass lesion and how to avoid it.
DIABETES MELLITUS AND DENTAL IMPLANT THERAPY- A REVIEW.
Authors: Agrawal Jaya , Kumar Pathak Anjani , Vikram Kumar , Lal Nand , Goel Kopal
Published: May 2022

Dental implant is considered as the rehabilitative anchor in the present era of dentistry. The continuous upgradation in terms of implant design,
augmented by newer technology and technique-driven strategic implant placement makes the surgery minimally invasive and shortens the
treatment duration, thereby increasing the predictability of replacing missing teeth in partially and completely edentulous cases. However, certain
medical conditions like Diabetes Mellitus is still viewed as a relative contraindication for dental implant therapy. Also, with the increasing
prevalence of diabetes mellitus over the years, the need for a better inference is needed to rule out the controversy over efcacy and safety of dental
implants in diabetics. Hence, this review summarizes the interlink between peri-implantitis and diabetes mellitus by assessing the recent evidences
involving diabetic patients and incidences of peri-implantitis.
“COMPARISON OF DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF NON-FASTING DIPSI AND HbA1c WITH FASTING WHO CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSIS OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS”
Authors: S. B Bhanupriya. , Kaur Kulwinder
Published: May 2022

Objective: 1) To study prevalence of GDM. 2) Diagnostic accuracy of DIPSI and HbA1c in detecting GDM.
Methods: 500 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy between 24-32 weeks of gestation were recruited into the study. They underwent DIPSI
test and HbA1c in the same sitting. A 2-h 75-gm OGTT was repeated for all women after 72 h in fasting state (WHO criteria). GDM was diagnosed
if plasma glucose was ≥140 mg/dl by either test or if HbA1C ≥6%.
Results: Of the 500 women, 34 were diagnosed as GDM by WHO criteria, 40 by DIPSI and 28 by HbA1c.Thus, the prevalence of GDM was 6.8%
as per WHO criteria, 8% as per DIPSI and 5.6% by HbA1c. The sensitivity of DIPSI test was 94.12%, specicity 98.28%, diagnostic accuracy
97.95%, positive predictive value 80% and negative predictive value 99.57%. The sensitivity of HbA1c with respect to WHO criteria was 52.94%,
specicity 97.85%, positive predictive value 64.29%, negative predictive value 96.61%, diagnostic accuracy 95.31%. The area under the ROC
curve between DIPSI and WHO criteria was 0.989 while between HbA1c and WHO criteria was 0.923.
Conclusion: The DIPSI criteria may be recommended for diagnosing GDM. But, HbA1c does not serve as a good screening test.
ANALYSIS OF PLANTAR PRESSURE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FLAT AND NORMAL FEET USING OHM 3000
Authors: Sawant (PT) Neha , Vaidya (PT) Sanket , Pooj (PT) Dhara
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine differences in plantar pressure distribution and centre of pressure (COP) characteristics in normal
and at feet individuals.
Methods: Forty individuals (20 normal and 20 at feet) were included in this study for pressure analysis using OHM 3000 (Mumbai, India)
pressure system. Dynamic pressure parameters were recorded for four regions- toes, forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot while walking. Dynamic
parameters included maximum pressure, arch index, centre of pressure excursion index, and pressure time integral (PTI). The COP excursion for
both the groups were macroscopically evaluated. The independent t-test was used for determining the pressure difference between both the groups.
Results:The at feet group reported maximum pressure on the midfoot region relative to the normal foot group. The PTI was recorded higher over
the midfoot and the toe region in the at feet group than those of the normal foot group. The COP excursion in dynamic state was observed to be
traversing straight from the heel to the hallux in at feet group in contrary to the normal foot group which demonstrated a medial shift at the forefoot
region.
Conclusion: The study reports that the individuals with at feet exert increased plantar pressure on the midfoot region compared to that of the
normal foot individuals. The COP excursion in at feet individuals during walking is straight compared to that in the normal foot individuals, which
we believe is due to reduced medial longitudinal arch and hyper pronation at the foot.