bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison theorems for evolution inclusions with maximal monotone operators. $L^2$-theory
Authors: Tolstonogov Alexander Alexandrovich
Published: November 2023

An evolution inclusion with time-dependent family of maximal monotone operators in considered in a separable Hilbert space. If the elements with minimum norm of the family of maximal monotone operators satisfy certain growth conditions, then the domains of definition of this family are closed convex sets. Hence the sweeping process is well defined, whose values are the normal cones of the domains of definition of maximal monotone operators. It is shown that if the sweeping process has a solution for each single-valued perturbation from the space of integrable functions, then the evolution inclusion with the maximal monotone operators and single-valued perturbations from the space of integrable functions is also solvable. Quite general conditions in terms of the properties of the family of maximal monotone operators that ensure the existence of solutions for the sweeping process are presented.
All results obtained and the approach presented are new. They are used to prove an existence theorem for evolution inclusions with multivalued perturbations, whose values are closed nonconvex sets.
Bibliography: 19 titles.
Risk factors for anastomotic fistula development after radical colon cancer surgery and their impact on prognosis
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Min-Hua
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor in the gastrointestinal tract that is typically treated surgically. However, postradical surgery is prone to complications such as anastomotic fistulas.

AIM

To investigate the risk factors for postoperative anastomotic fistulas and their impact on the prognosis of patients with colon cancer.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 488 patients with colon cancer who underwent radical surgery. This study was performed between April 2016 and April 2019 at a tertiary hospital in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China. A t -test was used to compare laboratory indicators between patients with and those without postoperative anastomotic fistulas. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for postoperative anastomotic fistulas. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal Cancer was also used to assess postoperative recovery.

RESULTS

Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.043, P = 0.015], tumor, node, metastasis stage (OR = 2.337, P = 0.041), and surgical procedure were independent risk factors for postoperative anastomotic fistulas. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the development of postoperative anastomotic fistula (P = 0.000), advanced age (P = 0.003), and the presence of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.015), among other factors, independently affected prognosis.

CONCLUSION

Postoperative anastomotic fistulas significantly affect prognosis and survival rates. Therefore, focusing on the clinical characteristics and risk factors and immediately implementing individualized preventive measures are important to minimize their occurrence.
Effect of perioperative branched chain amino acids supplementation in liver cancer patients undergoing surgical intervention: A systematic review
Authors: Yap Kwan Yi , Chi HongHui , Ng Sherryl , Ng Doris HL , Shelat Vishal G
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Branched chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation has been associated with favourable outcomes in liver malignancies requiring definitive resection or liver transplantation. Currently, there are no updated systematic reviews evaluating the efficacy of perioperative BCAA supplementation in patients undergoing surgery for liver cancer.

AIM

To evaluate the efficacy of perioperative BCAA supplementation in patients undergoing surgery for liver cancer.

METHODS

A systematic review of randomized control trials and observational studies was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science to evaluate the effect of perioperative BCAA supplementation compared to standard in-hospital diet, in liver cancer patients undergoing surgery. Clinical outcomes were extracted, and a meta-analysis was performed on relevant outcomes.

RESULTS

16 studies including 1389 patients were included. Perioperative BCAA administration was associated with reduced postoperative infection [risk ratio (RR) = 0.58 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.39 to 0.84, P = 0.005] and ascites [RR = 0.57 (95%CI: 0.38 to 0.85), P = 0.005]. There was also a reduction in length of hospital stay (LOS) [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -3.03 d (95%CI: -5.49 to -0.57), P = 0.02] and increase in body weight [WMD = 1.98 kg (95%CI: 0.35 to 3.61, P = 0.02]. No significant differences were found in mortality, cancer recurrence and overall survival. No significant safety concerns were identified.

CONCLUSION

Perioperative BCAA administration is efficacious in reducing postoperative infection, ascites, LOS, and increases body weight in liver cancer patients undergoing surgical resection.
Education Of The Head The Heart And The Hands; A Case For Social Emotional Learning In Nigeria
Authors: Blessing Agbo Ntamu
Published: November 2023

Educate the head only, you are likely to end up with characters who will preoccupy their minds with the annihilation of the entire human race. Educate the heart only and you will end up with individuals who cannot take decisions dispassionately or without sentiments and who may be lacking in critical thinking abilities. Educate the hands only and there is no telling what it could be up to. We would be creating robots, who as is the current fear with robots, may decide to exterminate the human race because they consider humans unnecessary for their existence. Education has got to be holistic. All three dimensions of the individual, the head, the heart and the hands must be functionally educated. That is why the ancient Philosopher Aristotle noted that “Educating the mind without Educating the heart is no education at all.” This paper makes a case for the education of the head, the heart and the hands, proposing an adoption of Social and emotional learning theory in the Nigerian educational system, drawing from the position of neuroscience and applying the tool of psychology. Some tips for the application of social emotional learning in the classroom are given and suggestions for learning outlined at the end of the paper.
Assessment Of Teachers’ Competence In Utilization Of Digital Instructional Tools In Upper Basic Schools In Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: I Nwafor Patrick , Ojong Ejoh Abigail , U Chukwurah Margaret , Uchechukwu Okeke Stella
Published: November 2023

The study examined the teachers’ competences in the utilization of digital learning tools in upper basic schools in Cross River State. To achieve this, four research questions were raised. Literature was reviewed according to the variables of the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design with a stratified random sampling technique. The sample of the study was made up of 768 teachers across the 18 local government of the state.  An instrument titled ‘Teachers Competence in Digital Learning Tools Scale (TCDLTS)’ was used for data collection. The instrument was validated and the reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach alpha reliability estimate and the coefficients of the scales ranged from 0.78-0.81. The data collected were analysed using simple percentages, bar graphs and other inferential statistical techniques. The result showed that teacher’s competence in the utilization of digitalized learning tools such as zoom facilities, google classrooms, and video clips is very low. The result also showed that there is no significant difference between male and female teachers, but years of teaching and qualification significantly influences teachers’ competence in utilizing digital learning tools in upper basic schools in Cross River State. Based on the findings, it was recommended that teachers should be trained on the modern use of technology in teaching and learning to increase students’ level of independent learning among others.
Crossbred calf rearing method, pre-weaning morbidity and mortality in urban and periurban dairy production systems of Dangila district, Ethiopia
Authors: Aychilie Demelash , Tassew Asaminew , Mazengia Hailu , Wendimagegn Workneh
Published: November 2023

The study was conducted to investigate the crossbred calf rearing method, pre-weaning morbidity and mortality in  urban and peri-urban dairy production systems of Dangila district, Ethiopia. A total of 160 households were purposefully  chosen from urban and peri-urban areas and interviewed using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. For the monitoring study, 20 peri-urban households were purposefully chosen from a pool of 100 peri- urban households, and similarly, 10 urban households were chosen purposefully from a pool of 60 urban households.  The findings revealed that the majority of dairy farmers in both urban and peri-urban dairy productions used colostrum  feeding. In the study area, the most common methods of calf milk feeding were restricted suckling (49.4%) and bucket  feeding (50.6%). Among the dairy farms monitored, 33.3% used separate houses, but during the survey, it was  discovered that 59.4% used separate calf houses. According to the monitoring study, 36.67% of farms were found to  have health problems in calves, which was similar to the survey result (41%). The major constraints for crossbred calf  rearing were feed shortage and high cost, disease and parasite, water shortage, and lack of access to veterinary  services. In this study, the overall incidences of crossbred calf morbidity and mortality rates were 19.4% and 0%,  respectively. Therefore, improved calf management practices such as colostrum and other ration feeding, adequate  housing, house hygiene, and proper waste disposal are strongly advised to prevent preweaning crossbred calf  morbidity.
Phenotypic characterization of the Gamo highland sheep population in Gamo Zone, South Ethiopia
Authors: Dea Dereje , Eramo Ermias , Gemiyo Deribe
Published: November 2023

The study aimed to identify physical characteristics and prediction of live weight using linear body measurements of  indigenous sheep types in two highland districts of the Gamo zone (Chencha and Qogota). Districts were purposively  selected whereas farmers and animals were randomly selected. About 335 mature sheep (270 female and 65 male) were  sampled for the body measurements. Both qualitative and quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version  (20). Overall, the current findings revealed that mixed (62.50%) followed by black (21.90%) were the dominant coat  colours with patchy coat colour patterns (56.30%). The majority of the sheep were horned (62.5%), curved horn (67.50%)  and obliquely backward horn types (77.50%). Horizontal ear orientation (76.00%) and straight head profile (96.90) were  predominantly observed. In general, about 71.60% of the sheep were hairy type and had straight crimp-curled hair  (73.60%). The total hair coverage on the head, face, belly and leg was about 3.0%, 94%, 92.5% and 13.4%, respectively.  About 55.20% of the study sheep revealed near hocks tail length. The mean body weight, body length, height at wither,  chest girth, horn length, head length, hair length, ear length and tail length were 20.26±3.60 kg, 54.55±3.48, 55.13±3.83,  66.73±4.79, 9.42±7.46, 16.83±1.85, 7.41±3.12, 10.27±0.97 and 26.62±2.66 cm, respectively. In general, sex, district and age  (dentition) significantly (P<0.05) affected linear body measurements. Body weight and most of the linear body  measurements were positively correlated. Chest girth was the single best predictor of body weight (P<0.05). Molecular  characterization of Gamo highland sheep is recommended for further advanced breeding strategies.
Analysis of Residents Perception of Mountain Tourism in Selected Communities in Ido-Osi Local Government Area, Ekiti State, Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Agbebi P. A. , Adeogun O.
Published: November 2023

The study examined the perception of mountains tourism by residents of some selected communities in Ido/Osi local government area, Ekiti State. Specifically, the study examined; residents’ perceived personal benefits derivable from mountain tourism; its perceived impact on community life and image; perceived impact on community economy; perceived attachment to mountains and hills tourism, and perceived promotional campaign in providing an awareness of the destinations to outside world. The study population was the residents of the selected communities in Ido/Osi local government of Ekiti State. 200 residents were purposively selected from the communities. Data collection was through self-administered questionnaires.  Descriptive and one-sample T test statistical tools were used to analyze socio-economic characteristics of respondents and hypothesis respectively. The study showed that the perceptions of residents of the communities about mountains tourism were positive and significant.    The study will contribute to the existing knowledge of mountain tourism, particularly as related to perception of residents of the communities in Ekiti State and Nigeria at large. Thus, it is pertinent for Ekiti State government to explore the mountain tourism sites in the communities for development and transformation in order to help the State achieve her sustainable tourism development goal and also improve her internally generated revenue.
Phytochemical Composition, In vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanol extract of Cheese Wood (Alstonia boonei) Leaves collected from Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Osagie O. A. , Igbinogun U. , Okoh O. J. , Oriakhi K.
Published: November 2023

The Cheese wood (Alstonia boonei) tree, known as Egbu-ora in Igbo, Ahun in Yoruba, Ukpukunu in Urhobo and Ukhu in Edo, is a widely distributed plant in the lowlands and rain-forest areas of Nigeria. It has been listed in the African Pharmacopoeia as an antimalarial drug and a traditional medicine for the treatment of fever, painful micturition, insomnia, chronic diarrhoea, and rheumatic pains as antivenom for snake bites and in the treatment of arrow poisoning. This work aims to investigate the phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of methanol extract of cheese Wood (Alstonia boonei) leaves collected from Benin City, Nigeria. This study investigated the phytochemical composition, antioxidants, and antimicrobial activities of methanol extract of the Alstonia boonei leaves using standard methods. The phytochemicals present in Alstonia boonei are flavonoids, phenols, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, proanthocyanidins, glycosides, steroids and phytosterols, the in-vitro antioxidant was accessed using DPPH radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay, ferric reducing antioxidant potential and Nitric Oxide inhibition. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. The total phenolic, proanthocyanidin, flavonoids and tannins were determined using standard methods. The methanolic extract of A. boonei was shown to be highest in total phenol, flavonoid, and tannin and showed moderate consideration in proanthocyanidins. The methanolic leaves extract of A. boonei has 50% inhibition concentration IC50 values for the radical scavenging activity of (64.47µg/mL), significantly higher than that of ascorbic acid (8.10 µg/mL). The reducing power assay showed that the standard ascorbic acid has better-reducing power when compared with A. boonei. However, A. boonei showed a marked increase at higher concentrations of (800 and 1000 µg/mL), and it also showed that A. boonei is a better nitric oxide inhibitor when compared with the standard gallic acid. The antimicrobial assay showed that A. boonei has better antifungal activity when compared to its antibacterial activity.
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-anaemic Potential of Moringa oleifera Parts on Phenylhydrazine-induced Heamatotoxicity in Male Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Olukanni A. T. , Minari J. B. , Okpuzor J.
Published: November 2023

In recent years, scientific interest in Moringa oleifera has surged due to its potential health-promoting properties in traditional healthcare services. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of different parts of Moringa oleifera tree and the anti-anaemic potential of the parts in phenylhydrazine-induced heamatotoxicity in forty-eight (48) male Wistar albino rats using appropriate standard techniques. Qualitative phytochemical screening showed that Moringa oleifera parts contain flavonoids, saponins, and steroids and have antioxidant capabilities. The IC50 values for M. oleifera leaves and flowers DPPH were MOL 24.26 ± 2.92 µg/ml, MOF 43.69 ± 2.68 µg/ml, and gallic acid 16.71 ± 0.63 µg /ml. There was a significant increase in WBC, MCH, MCHC, and NEU in anaemic rats (14.07 ± 0.64 x 103, 22.6 ± 0.44 pg, 32.5 ± 0.85 g/dl, 33 ± 1.00 %, respectively) compared to the normal control (9.98 ± 0.92 x103, 18.98 ± 0.42 pg, 30.45 ± 0.5 g/dl, 29.05 ± 1.80 %, respectively) but lowered significantly with the treatment of different parts of Moringa oleifera. Histopathology showed moderate myeloblastic and lymphoblastic cellular traits in anaemic rats. The groups treated with hydroxyurea and Moringa oleifera parts showed varying frequencies of mild myeloblastic and lymphoblastic cellular traits, indicating improvement in the bone marrow. Findings from this study showed that Moringa oleifera parts have antioxidant capabilities and anti-anaemic potentials in a rat model of phenylhydrazine-induced heamatoxicity. However, the leaf is the most potent and efficient part based on the results of these findings.
Effect of Staking on Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) Varieties in Edo Humid Forest Zone, Nigeria
Authors: Falodun E. J. , Bakare T.
Published: November 2023

Staking or trellising means fastening the plants with upright stakes with the help of plant ties. These stakes provide support and strength to the top-heavy plants and allow them to continue growing skyward without letting rain, high winds, and the weight of flowers or fruits overcome them. Many plants, as they mature, need support to help them grow. This is especially true of tomato plants and such climbing plants as beans, cucumbers, and winter squash. As tomato plants mature, they begin to sprawl along the ground because they become heavy with fruit. Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to find out the effect of staking on the growth and yield of six tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) varieties (UC82, Bufalo, Cobra, Roma VF, Tropimech and Roma savanna) in the Edo humid forest zone of Nigeria using appropriate standard techniques. Results on vegetative and fruit traits showed positive response in plant height of staked plants compared to the non- staked plants while the number of leaves increased with the non-staked plants. Tropimech variety significantly reduced fruit weight per plant (102.83 g and 127.66 g) and fruit yield (2200.54 kg ha -1 and 2412.82 kg ha -1) compared with the other tomato varieties and staking had no significant effect on tomato fruit yield. This study recommends that farmers in the study area could grow any of these tomato (UC82, Bufalo, Cobra, Roma VF, and Roma savanna) varieties with or without staking for increased growth and fruit yield of tomato.
Population Status and Age Structure of Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) Tree in Zing Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria
Authors: Barau B. W. , Gabuin T. G. , Angyu A. E.
Published: November 2023

The population status and age distribution of Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) trees in Zing Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria, were studied. Six (6) wards cutting across 25 villages were purposely selected, and baobab clusters were randomly sampled. Data on the number of stands, stand density (SD) per cluster, height, CBH, crown cover (CC), number of branches (NB), and number of flowers or fruits (NF) were recorded. A total of 851 baobab stands were recorded in an area covering 751,105.56 m2. Zing AI, AII, and B recorded 18 clusters (35.25%) and a total stand of 370 (43.46%), while Dingding, Monkin, and Yakoko recorded 33 clusters (54.71%) and a total stand of 481 (56.92%). Baobab clusters were more aggregated in Dingding, Monkin, and Yakoko than in Zing AI, AII, and B. Mean CBH (4.23+0.26), mean CC (3.78+0.48), mean NB (5.70+1.65), mean NF (18.94+13.94), and area of clusters (416,135.91m2) were highest in Zing AI, AII, and B, while total stand (481), SD (1.43E-3), and mean baobab height (13.94+1.63) were highest in Dingding, Monkin, and Yakoko, although not statistically significant (p>0.05). The results also revealed very low natural regeneration, as only 66 (7.76%) juveniles and 785 (92.24%) adults were recorded, with no single seedling sighted. We therefore, recommend that extensive research be conducted into unearthing the factors limiting natural regeneration and poor recruitment of young baobab trees.
Influence of Copper Chelation by EDTA on Growth, Survival and Development of Plumed Cockscomb (Celosia argentea) Cultivar (TVL 8) in Clay, Loamy, Sandy Garden Top and Red Earth Soils
Authors: Epunam U. J. , Emebese C. E.
Published: November 2023

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of chelation of Copper (Cu) toxicity on growth, survival and development by growing plumed cockscomb (Celosia argentea) cultivar (TLV 8) in 4 kg each of clay, loamy, sandy, garden topsoil and red earth contaminated with 500 mgL-1. Cu and 5M Methylene diaminetetaacetic acid (EDTA) in the following combinations: 500 mg Cu L-1 as CuSO4·5H2O and 500 mgL-1 Cu + 5M EDTA with a control (absence of Cu and EDTA). This application was performed two weeks after planting (WAP) and was repeated at 6 WAP. Variations were observed in soil pH and organic matter content. Using the American soil texture triangle five soil types had the following soil textures: sandy-clay-loam (clay soil), sandy (garden-top soil), sandy (sandy soil), loamy-sandy (loamy soil) and sandy-loamy (red-earth). In the course of ten weeks of growth, growth parameters and morphometric characteristics were determined. Cu toxicity caused a significant reduction in growth parameters (plant height, dry root weight, dry stem weight, leaf area, leaf area ratio, and absolute growth rate) in all soil types but the maximum reduction was observed in sandy soil while the highest growth exhibited by plants grown in a loamy soil. Increasing soil copper concentration by a second applications (2 and 6 WAP) reduced the number of leaves (37% - 56%) and plant height (10% - 21%) in all soil types. Presence of EDTA in the medium effectively alleviates growth reduction induced by Cu toxicity in plants by increasing the physiological growth parameters of Celosia argentea. The performance of plant grown in the various toxic soil sample appeared to be inhibited by copper in the following order: Cu > Cu + EDTA > Control. Furthermore, loamy soil stimulated better growth of Celosia in a Cu-toxic environment.
Cow dung Vermicomposting: A Comparative Study on Physicochemistry and Biodegradability of Eudrilus eugeniae and Lumbricus rubellus
Authors: Obolo B. , Ezeonyejiaku C. D. , Okeke J. J. , Offorbuike I. I.
Published: November 2023

A comparative study on the vermicomposting ability and efficacy of two earthworm species (Eudrilus eugeniae and Lumbricus rubellus) on cow dung was carried out using standard methods. Data collected showed that there was an increase in the major nutrients content such as nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus as well as the electrical conductivity regardless of the vermibeds or treatment while there was a decrease in the total organic carbon, organic matter regardless of the vermibeds or treatment except the vermibed with cowdung only. The lignin content also decreased across all the vermibeds except the one with cowdung and L. rubellus. Vermicompost of cowdung + L. rubellus had highest concentrations of nitrogen (4.47±0.38) and phosphorus (114.64±0.648), cowdung +Eudrilus eugeniae had the highest potassium (26.7±0.849) while cowdung +dry grass+ Eudrilus eugeniae had the highest organic matter (33.15±0.919) and lignin (19.78±0.396) and cowdung only had the highest organic carbon. The result of the environmental parameters carried out showed that the cowdung+dry grass + E. eugeniae had the highest moisture (80.1±0.141), cowdung +dry grass+ L. rubellus had highest pH while cowdung+dry grass+E. eugeniae had the highest temperature (30.1±0.283). E. eugeniae showed a better decomposition rate with percentage decomposition of 79.90% while L. rubellus has 74.27%. However, there were significant differences (p<0.05) among  the vemi-beds. In conclusion, the two species of earthworm L. rubellus and E. eugeniae are efficient in producing good nutrient quality vermicompost and are recommended for use in vermicomposting.
Management of E-Waste Emanating from Use of Solar Photovoltaic Powered Systems at End-of-Life in the Niger Delta Area, Nigeria
Authors: John R. A. , Okorhi O. J. , Uhunmwangho R.
Published: November 2023

There are concerns on the amount of decommissioned solar photovoltaic (PV) power systems devices getting into waste streams but with feeble management strategies in place. This paper evaluated the management of e-waste emanating from the use of solar PV powered systems at their end-of-life in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria using 90 intermediary stakeholders. The findings confirmed that the deployed management strategies were eccentric, inadequate, lacked sustainability and degrades the environment. Respondents were unaware and lack good understanding in applying appropriate management strategies for wastes from decommissioned solar PV power systems. An action framework for executing and enforcement management strategies for these wastes was developed for the study area.
Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Pharmacokinetic Profile of Artemether in Male Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Aghayere G. E. , Okeri H. A.
Published: November 2023

Malaria is one of the major public health challenges in Nigeria. Treatment failure as a result of drug interaction is a major problem. A study of the effect of ascorbic acid on the antiplasmodial activity of artemether has been reported. This study was carried out to determine the effect of ascorbic acid on the pharmacokinetic profile of artemether. Fourteen male rabbits weighing between 2.0 – 2.5 kg were used in this study. Four of the rabbits were used for determination of the efficiency, recovery studies and calibration curve while ten rabbits were randomly selected into Group A and B consisting of five rabbits each were used for the pharmacokinetic studies. Group A was administered a single dose of 10 mg/kg artemether while Group B was co-administered a single dose of 10 mg/kg artemeter and10 mg/kg ascorbic acid intramuscularly. The dihydroartemisinin in the plasma was analysed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The results showed that ascorbic acid affect the pharmacokinetic parameters of artemether. The time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) increase from 30.00 min to 42.00 min while the maximum concentration (Cmax) and Area-under the Concentration Curve (AUC) decrease from 1461.9 (ng/mL) and 6566.7 (ng hr/mL) to 1331.1 (ng/mL) and 6105.8 (ng hr/mL), respectively. Ascorbic acid altered the pharmacokinetic profile of artemether. In clinical practice patients should be adviced not to co-administer ascorbic acid with artemether.
Estimation of Gas Leak Volume to Quantify Gaseous Fluid Flow in Processing Plants
Authors: Usiabulu G. I. , Ogbonna J. , Aimikhe V. , Okafor E. , Nosike L.
Published: November 2023

Leak detection based on volume changes is common in conventional liquid processing systems, but present challenges in gas systems.  This paper estimates the gas leak volume to quantify gaseous fluid flow in processing plants using prior-calibration-relation techniques. The estimation of volume following this pressure-based model requires that the pressure indicator of the gas leak is normalized against the initial volume before the pressure drop. Normalization makes it possible for equivalent pressure and gas volume data to be presented in percentage or fraction, so they are comparable. (This is similar to the pressure reading or drop on the regulator gauge of a gas cylinder, which is proportional to the equivalent gas cylinder weight or volume difference due to the depressurisation) An example of leak estimation for Gas Plant JK – 52 real-time test case modelling is shown in this work. The change in pressure dP was plotted against the change in volume dV in a prior calibration to derive a relationship between dP and dV. For a Pressure drop of 5 bars, Leak Volume = 2.40 m3 or 84.7 scf of gas. Such estimation of actual gas volume is useful in tying gas leak to environmental impact, HSE and in costing of economic loss.
Detection of Leakages in a Pipeline Network based on Hydraulic Laboratory Modelling with Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Oladele E. M. , Babatola J. O. , Agbolade O. A.
Published: November 2023

Pipeline transportation of resources is considered a vital method due to low operational cost, and simple design and implementation. However, the presence of leakages within pipeline networks gives rise to noteworthy jurisdiction regarding environmental impact, economic implications, and safety considerations. The prompt identification and precise localization of such leakages are of utmost importance in order to get rid of their potential consequences on human existence. This project aims to detect leakages in a pipeline network based on hydraulic laboratory modelling with artificial intelligence systems. The dataset from both the hydraulic laboratory network and EPANET simulation respectively were used to train and test a model, then validate using for leakage prediction and localization using artificial neural network. The results shows that pressure is a more valid parameter to detect leakages to flowrate in a pipeline network. Also, artificial neural network developed model performed very well in predicting leak sizes with an accuracy of 96.89% respectively. The model developed based achieved validation accuracies which vary broadly between about 85% and 90%. Also, the F-score ranged between 80% and 91% which makes the model is valid to be used to predict and localize the leaks in real time.
Toxic Metal Residues in Gills and Muscles of Freshwater Fishes: Implications for Chronic Noncarcinogenic Risk Assessment
Authors: Ezeonyejiaku C. D. , Ezeonyejiaku N. J. , Offorbuike I. I. , Onyejike P. I.
Published: November 2023

We determined the concentrations of metals in gills and muscles of fish species from Ezu River and associated noncarcinogenic risk from the exposure. The following fish species; Clarias gariepinus, Trachurus trachurus, Parachana africana and Heterotis niloticus were collected from potential contamination hotspots of the river and analysed for zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). Concentrations of the metals ranged between Cu: 0.01-0.03 mg kg-1, Cd: 0.02-0.12 mg kg-1, Zn: 0.13-0.22 mg kg-1, Hg: 0.02-0.07 mg kg-1, As: 0.02-0.25 mg kg-1, and Pb: 0.01-0.03 mg kg-1, and Cu: 0.01-0.02 mg kg-1, Cd: 0.02-0.2 mg kg-1, Zn: 0.10-0.27 mg kg-1, Hg: 0.01-0.07 mg kg-1, As: 0.08-0.45 mg kg-1 and Pb: 0.01-0.02 mg kg-1 in gills and muscles, respectively. Zn and As were higher in the muscles and gills of the sampled fish species. Concentrations of Cu, Hg Cd, and Pb appeared similar in both the gills and muscles. Metal concentration gradient across hotspots was evident in all the sections of the river. Ugbenu and Ugbene had high concentrations of Zn and As with the concentration of As being above limit by the Codex (FAO/WHO). The noncarcinogenic risk evaluation showed negligible effects from oral exposure to the metals examined. While the risk of health impact from oral exposure is negligible under the conditions of current study, the elevated levels of the heavy metals in the examined fish species are indicative of metal enrichment of the river and thus call for a regulatory control to safeguard the aquatic resources of the river.
Analysis of Shea Butter (Vitellaria paradoxa) Marketing in Ibarapa Central Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ayanrinde F. A. , Oyewole S. O. , Anyanrinde O. A. , Oyewole A. L.
Published: November 2023

Shea butter marketing is one of the options for sustainable livelihood business and employment creation in Nigeria. However, shea butter marketing has not been fully considered as profitable enterprise with investment potential in the country. Hence, this study was carried out to analyse marketing of Shea butter in Ibarapa Central Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria using standard methods with of well-structured to select 60 respondents. The result of budgeting analysis revealed that the rate of return on investment indicated a positive average of 0.64. Benefit cost ratio analysis gave a value of 1.64 which suggested that the business is lucrative and profitable. Lack of capital, high cost of transportation and lack of storage facilities were identified as a major constraint in Shea butter marketing. The study recommends provision of credit facilities at low interest rate, appropriate government policies to promote export and adequate transport facilities for easy movement of Shea butter from producing areas to urban centres.
Impact of Land Use and Land Cover on Land Surface Temperature of Oluyole Local Government, Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogidan O. A. , Fadipe O. B. , Ekaun A. A. , Adenuga D. A.
Published: November 2023

The replacement of natural surfaces with synthetic materials that aggravate the environment is synonymous to urban spaces. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of land use and land cover on the land surface temperature (LST) of Oluyole Local Government Area in Ibadan, Nigeria using Landsat satellite images over a 20-year period (2000-2019). Data obtained were classified using the Maximum Likelihood algorithm supervised classification to create the Land-use Land cover (LULC) maps. Thereafter, the Land Surface Temperature (LST) was retrieved using the single-chan­nel method. The study area experienced shifts in land cover classes, including an increase in grassland (27.35%) and built-up (17.88%) areas, and a marginal decline in forest cover (1.91%). These changes corresponded to temperature variations, with an observed increase in LST of both minimum and maximum values (4.22oC and 4.01oC) between year 2000 and 2019 respectively. Forest conservation and sustainable land use practices are recommended to mitigate adverse climate effects associated with urban sprawl and land cover and land use change. This research contributes valuable insights for policymakers and urban planners aiming to balance development with environmental conservation and climate resilience.
Assessing the Carbon Sequestration Potentials of Indigenous Trees among Academic Parks in Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
Authors: Ojukunle O. O. , Oyebamiji N. A. , Olaniyi A. A. , Majolagbe M. O. , Akinrotimi J. A.
Published: November 2023

Air quality, cool air temperatures, as well as captured carbon are enhanced by trees on campus. Human activities in and around academic areas within the university indicate possible high level of Carbon dioxide in thoe specific areas. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess the Carbon capture potentials of indigenous trees in selected academic area parks (COLAMRUD Park, COLANIM Park, COLERM Park, Motion Ground Park and Multi-purpose Building Park) of Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria using a non-destructive sampling technique. Results show that there are a total of 10 different tree species across the parks some of which include; Azadiratcha indicia, Albezia lebbeck, Entandrophragma cylindricum, Khaya senegalensis and Mangifera indica. The weight of Carbon captured was observed to be highest in the Entadophragma cylindricum (19.68 x 106 kgm-2) followed by Cedrela ordorata (10.84 x 106 kgm-2) while the least was Cola millenni (1.43 x 106 kgm-2). Carbon capture potential was significantly (p<0.05) higher (2.90 x 106) at MPB park when compared with others. The native species carbon sequestration order is; EC>SS>CO>MI>AI>AL>KS>SM>TR>PL. The presence of trees on university campus boosts carbon sequestration, clear-felling of these trees species while constructing new structures should be extremely reduced and more trees should be introduced in places with much human daily activities.
Assessment of Phenolic Compounds in Surface Waters from New Calabar River and Orashi River in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Ekpete O. A. , Nwochigoziri E. C. , Kpee F.
Published: November 2023

Phenolic compounds are hazardous with diverse health implications. The presence of phenolic compounds in rivers is triggered by several activities including petroleum products. The Niger Delta is one of the world’s major hydrocarbon provinces with several health hazards created by oil exploration and exploitation and slow in action to oil spillages. Therefore this paper assessed phenolic compounds in surface waters from New Calabar River and Orashi River in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria using GC/MS technique (Agilent 6890N Gas agilent 5975 mass selective Detector). Data obtained reveal that the average phenolic compounds recorded during the dry and wet seasons were 37.7156μg/l and 37.5878μg/l for New Calabar River and 94.3078μg/l and 85.5222μg/l for Orashi River, respectively. The level of phenolic compounds in the water samples indicated that both rivers were contaminated and not suitable for domestic use. Therefore, the people located within the riverbank, particularly Orashi River, are advised not to use the river water domestically except after treatment.
Effect of Viscous Energy Dissipation on Transient Laminar Free Convective Flow of a Dusty Viscous Fluid through a Porous Medium
Authors: Jimoh O. R. , Ibrahim I.
Published: November 2023

A study on transient free convection flow of a dusty viscous fluid through a porous medium is important for improving the existing industrial processes and for developing new chemical and geothermal systems. This paper presents a mathematical model for transient laminar free convective flow of a dusty viscous fluid through a porous medium in the presence of viscous energy dissipation. The partial differential equations governing the phenomenon were non-dimensionalized using some dimensionless quantities. The dimensionless coupled non-linear partial differential equations were solved using harmonic solution technique. The result obtained were presented graphically and discussed. These results revealed that increase in Peclet number, Eckert number and Grashof number leads to increase in the velocity profile. Increase in the mass concentration of the dust particles, concentration resistance ratio, Eckert number and Peclet number leads to increase in the velocity profile of the dust particles. Increase in the Reynold number leads to a reduction in the velocity profile. Increase in Peclet number, Eckert number and Grashof number leads to increase in temperature profile. Similarly, increase in heat source parameter, coefficient of Grashof number and Reynold number lead to reduction in the temperature profile.
Proximate Composition and Concentrations of Some Essential Heavy Metals in Liver, Kidney and Tissue Muscle of Cow, Ram, and Goat in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Emurotu J. E. , Olawale O. , Dallatu E. M. , Obiyenwa G. K.
Published: November 2023

Nutritional qualities of consumer foods particularly, meat is of great importance in improving health of an individual. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the proximate composition and concentrations of some essential heavy metals (Co, Se and B) in the liver, kidney and tissue muscle of cow, ram, and goat in Lokoja, Kogi State. Proximate analysis was done according to AOAC procedure. After sampling, the tissues were prepared for metal analysis by acid digestion method and read by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The result showed that moisture content ranged from 70.1% to 74.8%, ash content ranged from 1.1% to 3.8%, protein content 16.2 to 19.9%, fat content 4.7 to 8.8%, organic matter ranged from 96.2% to 99.1%, carbohydrate contents ranged from 0.2% to 0.9%, and dry matter content 25.5% to 29.8 %. Selenium ranged from 5.2 to 6.0 mg/kg, boron ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg, and cobalt ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 mg/kg. The mean concentration of selenium and cobalt unlike boron exceeded permitted recommended level. Excessive level of essential elements can pose a threat to human health. Therefore, regular consumption of offal from the studied animals consumed in Lokoja may poses a health risk with respect to Se and Co. Sources of Se and Co need to be investigated to safeguard consumers from possible exposure to health hazards.
GDDs with 4 Groups and Block Size 5
Authors: Girma Tefera Zebene , Asefa Fufa Samuel
Published: November 2023

This paper studies a special case of group divisible designs (GDDs) called 3-GDDs, which were defined by extending the definitions of a group divisible designs and a t-design. In particular, the paper looks at a 3-GDD(n, 4, 5; μ1, μ2) with 4 groups and block size 5. Necessary conditions for the existence given.
Identifying Amharic-Tigrigna Shared Features: Towards Optimizing Implementation of Under Resourced Languages
Authors: Hagos Lemlem , Meshesha Million , Atnafu Solomon , Teferra Solomon
Published: November 2023

In this article, exploratory research is conducted to analyze statistical overlap across Amharic and Tigrigna at different level of abstraction, namely, word level, CV syllable level, and at phoneme level. Amharic and Tigrigna are among the most widely spoken Ethiosemitic languages in Ethiopia, yet under resourced to be fully integrated into TTS applications that assist oral society in their day-to-day activities. Text to speech research requires linguistic resources involving intensive text analysis and acoustic resources that involve digital signal analysis. TTS researches for Ethiosemitic languages have been explored on monolingual basis which require fragmented research activities towards the resource intensive task. Investigating the level of overlap for Amharic and Tigrigna gives an insight to reuse shared acoustic and linguistic resources across these languages and reduce duplication of effort in the process of designing higher level applications such as TTS. According to our statistical analysis, Amharic and Tigrigna share 86.36% at phonemic level, 85.93% at CV syllable level, and encouraging level of overlap at the word level. The extent to which these languages overlap at different level of abstraction implies the opportunity to reduce duplication of effort in the design and development of bilingual and multilingual TTS for Ethiosemitic polyglots.
Investigation of Future Teachers’ Digital Literacy and Technology Use Skills
Authors: Nurzhanova Sazhila , Stambekova Assel , Zhaxylikova Kulyay , Tatarinova Galiya , Aitenova Elmira , Zhumabayeva Zhazira
Published: November 2023

It is essential for pre-service teachers to have digital literacy and technology use skills in order to integrate technology into education and training processes both effectively and efficiently. In this study, the digital literacy and technology use skills of pre-service teachers from different universities in Kazakhstan were examined comparatively in terms of some variables. The study was conducted with the participation of 209 pre-service teachers according to the survey and relational survey model. 'Digital Literacy' and 'Technology Use Skills' scales were used to collect the research data. According to the findings of the study, in general, pre-service teachers' technology use skills and digital literacy were found to be at a high level. The digital literacy and technology use levels of the participant pre-service teachers differed according to gender and grade level. The technology use skills of male participants were found to be higher than their female peers. It was also discovered that pre-service teachers studying in upper grades had high digital literacy and technology use skills. Finally, pre-service teachers' digital literacy significantly predicts their technology use skills.
Difficulty of Visual Recognition: Identifying the Direction Confusion of Reading Letters in Young Children
Authors: Adhe Kartika Rinakit , Mustaji Mustaji , Suprapto Nadi , Suryanti Suryanti , Ling Lai Yin
Published: November 2023

Early literacy skills are essential for children's academic development. This research used a comprehensive approach that included observations, assessments, and interviews with children and educators from various kindergartens, which involved 1040 children and 99 teachers from 71 early childhood institutions. The comparison of difficulties in pronouncing letters was measured through observation and assessment of children's ability to recognize the shape and pronounce of letters using augmented reality digital flashcards with a companion application called KIDOPA. The results show that children have difficulty saying the letters b, d, m, w, p, q, n, u, x, and z while reading letters. These difficulties are linear with the teacher's understanding of the importance of teaching literacy to children.
Exploring Faculty Perspectives on Implementing Differentiated Instruction
Authors: Alhameedyeen Rahmeh Abbaas B.
Published: November 2023

Differentiated instruction is a teaching philosophy in which faculty members recognize that no two students are identical and that each student can succeed with appropriate guidance. This study assesses the degree of implementing differentiated instruction by the faculty members of the College of Educational Sciences, The World Islamic Science and Education from their perspective. The researcher utilized a survey research method, employing a questionnaire with three dimensions and 28 items to collect data. The questionnaire's validity and reliability were confirmed, and it was distributed to the study population comprising 41 faculty members. The study found that faculty members the College of Educational sciences implement differentiated instruction at a high degree. Additionally, the study identified statistically significant differences in the perceptions of the study sample regarding the degree of implementing differentiated instruction attributed to the variable of academic rank. In light of the results, the study recommends exchanging experiences among faculty members in the College of Educational Sciences and other colleges within the university by facilitating workshops on differentiated instruction.