bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the interface between clinical and laboratory staff
Authors: Van den Broek Ankie , Tuijn Coosje J. , Van ’t Klooster Lisette , Msoka Elizabeth , Sumari-de Boer Marion , Chilongola Jaffu , Oskam Linda
Published: July 2014

Background: The interface between clinicians and laboratory staff is where the two meet and work together to provide quality care to their clients (patients). Effectiveness of the interface depends on the way the two groups of professionals relate to and communicate with each other. The number and type of tests requested and the use of the test results for clinical decision making can be influenced by the interface between clinicians and laboratory staff. A model to understand the factors and dynamics around the interface is lacking.Objectives: To propose a new conceptual model to gain insight and analyse factors that influence the laboratory–clinical staff interface.Methods: To develop the conceptual model, a literature study was performed, regulatory guidelines and standards for laboratories were analysed and discussions were held with experts on the topic.Result: A conceptual model and analytical framework provided good guidance in understanding and assessing the organisational and personal factors shaping the interface. The model was based on three elements: (1) the three phases of communication (pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical); (2) the organisational and personal factors of interaction; and (3) the socio-political, economic and cultural context in which clinicians and laboratory staff operate.Conclusion: Assessment of the interface between clinicians and laboratory workers can be performed in a systematic way. Applying this model will provide information to managers of health institutions and heads of laboratories and clinical departments about what happens when clinicians and laboratory staff interact, thus aiding them in designing strategies to improve this interface.
Reversible Ototoxicity: A Rare Adverse Reaction of Liposomal Amphotericin-B Used for the Treatment of Antimony-Resistant Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Elderly Male
Authors: Das PC , Kandel Ramesh , Sikka Kapil , Dey AB
Published: July 2014

Amphotericin-B, a broad spectrum antifungal agent, has been known to cause adverse effects such as nephrotoxicity and infusion-related side effects such as fever, chills, rigor, and arthralgias. However, ototoxicity as an adverse effect of Amphotericin-B has not yet been reported in medical literature. We here report a case of a reversible form of ototoxicity induced by liposomal Amphotericin-B (L-AmB).
A Comparison of Rangeland Monitoring Techniques for Modeling Herbaceous Fuels and Forage in Central Arizona, USA
Authors: Rhodes Edward C. , Tolleson Doug R. , Angerer Jay P. , Kava John A. , Dyess Judith , Nicolet Tessa
Published: July 2014

While fire and rangeland managers frequently have different land management roles and objectives, their data needs with regards to herbaceous biomass (fuel loads and forage) often overlap, and can be served with a single sampling protocol for both rangeland and fuels management. In this study, we examined how two herbaceous sampling methods compare in measuring species richness, ground cover, and standing herbaceous biomass for range and forestry management using the Phytomass Growth Simulator (Phygrow). Phygrow is an herbaceous vegetation growth model used to simulate rangeland plant production for herbivory, drought, and wildfire severity early warning systems. The Point-frequency protocol has been used for 10 years to collect plant community parameters for Phygrow. The Common Non-Forested Vegetation Sampling Protocol (CNVSP) is a commonly used rangeland assessment protocol in the southwestern United States. Data from both methods were used to parameterize the Phygrow model to examine their similarities and differences, and to see if data collected from the CNVSP methodology could be used to model herbaceous fuel loads. We determined that the data collected in the CNVSP protocol met the needs for Phygrow model validation of standing herbaceous fuels, but data was insufficient for modeling surface dead fuel loads.
Incorporation of advanced aerosol activation treatments into CESM/CAM5: model evaluation and impacts on aerosol indirect effects
Authors: Gantt B. , He J. , Zhang X. , Zhang Y. , Nenes A.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. One of the greatest sources of uncertainty in the science of anthropogenic climate change is from aerosol–cloud interactions. The activation of aerosols into cloud droplets is a direct microphysical linkage between aerosols and clouds; parameterizations of this process link aerosol with cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and the resulting indirect effects. Small differences between parameterizations can have a large impact on the spatiotemporal distributions of activated aerosols and the resulting cloud properties. In this work, we incorporate a series of aerosol activation schemes into the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1.1 within the Community Earth System Model version 1.0.5 (CESM/CAM5) which include factors such as insoluble aerosol adsorption and giant cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation kinetics to understand their individual impacts on global-scale cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC). Compared to the existing activation scheme in CESM/CAM5, this series of activation schemes increase the computation time by ~10% but leads to predicted CDNC in better agreement with satellite-derived/in situ values in many regions with high CDNC but in worse agreement for some regions with low CDNC. Large percentage changes in predicted CDNC occur over desert and oceanic regions, owing to the enhanced activation of dust from insoluble aerosol adsorption and reduced activation of sea spray aerosol after accounting for giant CCN activation kinetics. Comparison of CESM/CAM5 predictions against satellite-derived cloud optical thickness and liquid water path shows that the updated activation schemes generally improve the low biases. Globally, the incorporation of all updated schemes leads to an average increase in column CDNC of 150% and an increase (more negative) in shortwave cloud forcing of 12%. With the improvement of model-predicted CDNCs and better agreement with most satellite-derived cloud properties in many regions, the inclusion of these aerosol activation processes should result in better predictions of radiative forcing from aerosol–cloud interactions.
Gas adsorption and desorption effects on cylinders and their importance for long-term gas records
Authors: Leuenberger M. C. , Schibig M. F. , Nyfeler P.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. It is well known that gases adsorb on many surfaces, in particular metal surfaces. There are two main forms responsible for these effects (i) physisorption and (ii) chemisorption. Physisorption is associated with lower binding energies in the order of 1–10 kJ mol−1 compared to chemisorption ranging from 100 to 1000 kJ mol−1. Furthermore, chemisorption forms only monolayers, contrasting physisorption that can form multilayer adsorption. The reverse process is called desorption and follows similar mathematical laws, however, it can be influenced by hysteresis effects. In the present experiment we investigated the adsorption/desorption phenomena on three steel and three aluminium cylinders containing compressed air in our laboratory and under controlled conditions in a climate chamber, respectively. We proved the pressure effect on physisorption for CO2, CH4 and H2O by decanting a steel and an aluminium cylinder completely. The results are in excellent agreement with a monolayer adsorption model for both cylinders. However, adsorption on aluminium (0.3 ppm and 0 ppm for CO2 and H2O) was about 20 times less than on steel (6 ppm and 30 ppm, respectively). In the climate chamber the cylinders were exposed to temperatures between −10 to +50 °C to determine the corresponding temperature coefficients of adsorption. Again, we found distinctly different values for CO2 ranging from 0.0011 to 0.0133 ppm °C−1 for steel cylinders and −0.0003 to −0.0005 ppm °C−1 for aluminium cylinders. The reversed temperature dependence for aluminium cylinders is most probably due to temperature and gas consumption induced pressure changes. After correction, aluminium cylinders showed no temperature independence. Temperature coefficients for CH4, CO and H2O adsorption were, within their error bands, insignificant. These results do indicate the need for careful selection and usage of gas cylinders for high precision calibration purposes such as requested in trace gas applications.
Perspectives on the microbial carbon pump with special reference to microbial respiration and ecosystem efficiency in large estuarine systems
Authors: Dang H. , Jiao N.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Although respiration-based oxidation of reduced carbon releases CO2 into the environment, it provides an ecosystem with the metabolic energy for essential biogeochemical processes, including the newly proposed microbial carbon pump (MCP). The efficiency of MCP in heterotrophic microorganisms is related to the mechanisms of energy transduction employed and hence is related to the form of respiration utilized. Anaerobic organisms typically have lower efficiencies of energy transduction and hence lower efficiencies of energy-dependent carbon transformation. This leads to a lower MCP efficiency on a per-cell basis. Substantial input of terrigenous nutrients and organic matter into estuarine ecosystems typically results in elevated heterotrophic respiration that rapidly consumes dissolved oxygen, potentially producing hypoxic and anoxic zones in the water column. The lowered availability of dissolved oxygen and the excessive supply of nutrients such as nitrate from river discharge lead to enhanced anaerobic respiration processes such as denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. Thus, some nutrients may be consumed through anaerobic heterotrophs, instead of being utilized by phytoplankton for autotrophic carbon fixation. In this manner, eutrophied estuarine ecosystems become largely fueled by anaerobic respiratory pathways and their efficiency is less due to lowered ecosystem productivity when compared to healthy and balanced estuarine ecosystems. This situation may have a negative impact on the ecological function and efficiency of the MCP which depends on the supply of both organic carbon and metabolic energy. This review presents our current understanding of the MCP mechanisms from the view point of ecosystem energy transduction efficiency, which has not been discussed in previous literature.
Southern high-latitude terrestrial climate change during the Palaeocene–Eocene derived from a marine pollen record (ODP Site 1172, East Tasman Plateau)
Authors: Contreras L. , Pross J. , Bijl P. K. , O'Hara R. B. , Raine J. I. , Sluijs A. , Brinkhuis H.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Reconstructing the early Palaeogene climate dynamics of terrestrial settings in the high southern latitudes is important to assess the role of high-latitude physical and biogeochemical processes in the global climate system. However, whereas a number of high-quality Palaeogene climate records has become available for the marine realm of the high southern latitudes over the recent past, the long-term evolution of coeval terrestrial climates and ecosystems is yet poorly known. We here explore the climate and vegetation dynamics on Tasmania from the middle Palaeocene to the early Eocene (60.7–54.2 Ma) based on a sporomorph record from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1172 on the East Tasman Plateau. Our results show that three distinctly different vegetation types thrived on Tasmania under a high-precipitation regime during the middle Palaeocene to early Eocene, with each type representing different temperature conditions: (i) warm-temperate forests dominated by gymnosperms that were dominant during the middle and late Palaeocene (excluding the middle/late Palaeocene transition); (ii) cool-temperate forests dominated by southern beech (Nothofagus) and araucarians that transiently prevailed across the middle/late Palaeocene transition interval (~ 59.5 to ~ 59.0 Ma); and (iii) paratropical forests rich in ferns that were established during and in the wake of the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The transient establishment of cool-temperate forests lacking any frost-sensitive elements (i.e. palms and cycads) across the middle/late Palaeocene transition interval indicates markedly cooler conditions, with the occurrence of frosts in winter, on Tasmania during that time. The integration of our sporomorph data with previously published TEX86-based sea-surface temperatures from ODP Site 1172 documents that the vegetation dynamics on Tasmania were closely linked with the temperature evolution in the Tasman sector of the Southwest Pacific region. Moreover, the comparison of our season-specific climate estimates for the sporomorph assemblages from ODP Site 1172 with the TEX86L- and TEX86H-based temperature data suggests a warm bias of both calibrations for the early Palaeogene of the high southern latitudes.
Recalculation of bedload transport observations in Swiss mountain rivers using the model sedFlow
Authors: Heimann F. U. M. , Rickenmann D. , Böckli M. , Badoux A. , Turowski J. M. , Kirchner J. W.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Only few validated numeric models are available for the simulation of bedload transport dynamics in mountain streams. In this study, the recently developed modelling tool sedFlow has been applied to simulate bedload transport in two Swiss mountain streams. It is shown that sedFlow can be used to successfully reproduce observations from historic bedload transport events with reasonable parameter set-ups. The simulation results shed light on the difficulties that arise with traditional flow resistance estimation methods when macro-roughness is present. In addition, our results demonstrate that greatly simplified hydraulic routing schemes, such as kinematic wave or uniform discharge approaches, are probably sufficient for a good representation of bedload transport processes in steep mountain streams. The influence of different parameters is qualitatively evaluated in a simple sensitivity study. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the usefulness of sedFlow for a range of practical applications in alpine mountain streams.
Modelling runoff from a Himalayan debris-covered glacier
Authors: Fujita K. , Sakai A.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Although the processes by which glacial debris mantles alter the melting of glacier ice have been well studied, the mass balance and runoff patterns of Himalayan debris-covered glaciers and the response of these factors to climate change are not well understood. Many previous studies have addressed mechanisms of ice melt under debris mantles by applying multiplicative parameters derived from field experiments, and other studies have calculated the details of heat conduction through the debris layer. However, those approaches cannot be applied at catchment scale because distributions of thickness and thermal property of debris are heterogeneous and difficult to measure. Here, we established a runoff model for a Himalayan debris-covered glacier in which the spatial distribution of the thermal properties of the debris mantle is estimated from remotely sensed multi-temporal data. We applied the model to the Tsho Rolpa Glacial Lake–Trambau Glacier basin in the Nepal Himalaya, using hydro-meteorological observations obtained for a 3.5-year period (1993–1996). We calculated long-term averages of runoff components for the period 1980–2007 using gridded reanalysis datasets. Our calculations suggest that excess meltwater, which implies the additional water runoff compared with the ice-free terrain, from the debris-covered area contributes significantly to the total runoff, mainly because of its location at a lower elevation. Uncertainties in runoff simulation due to estimations of the thermal properties and albedo of the debris-covered surface were assessed to be approximately 8% of the runoff from the debris-covered area. We evaluated the sensitivities of runoff components to changes in air temperature and precipitation. As expected, warmer air temperatures increase the total runoff by increasing the melting rate; however, increased precipitation slightly reduces the total runoff, as ice melting is suppressed by the increased snow cover and associated high albedo. The response of total runoff to changing precipitation is complex because of the different responses of individual components (glacier, debris, and ice-free terrain) to precipitation.
Large-scale analysis of changing frequencies of rain-on-snow events with flood-generation potential
Authors: Freudiger D. , Kohn I. , Stahl K. , Weiler M.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. In January 2011 a rain-on-snow (RoS) event caused floods in the major river basins in central Europe, i.e. the Rhine, Danube, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Ems. This event prompted the questions of how to define a RoS event and whether those events have become more frequent. Based on the flood of January 2011 and on other known events of the past, threshold values for potentially flood-generating RoS events were determined. Consequently events with rainfall of at least 3 mm on a snowpack of at least 10 mm snow water equivalent (SWE) and for which the sum of rainfall and snowmelt contains a minimum of 20% snowmelt were analysed. RoS events were estimated for the time period 1950–2011 and for the entire study area based on a temperature index snow model driven with a European-scale gridded data set of daily climate (E-OBS data). Frequencies and magnitudes of the modelled events differ depending on the elevation range. When distinguishing alpine, upland, and lowland basins, we found that upland basins are most influenced by RoS events. Overall, the frequency of rainfall increased during winter, while the frequency of snowfall decreased during spring. A decrease in the frequency of RoS events from April to May has been observed in all upland basins since 1990. In contrast, the results suggest an increasing trend in the magnitude and frequency of RoS days in January and February for most of the lowland and upland basins. These results suggest that the flood hazard from RoS events in the early winter season has increased in the medium-elevation mountain ranges of central Europe, especially in the Rhine, Weser, and Elbe river basins.
Case report of complicated epidermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth: Radiology-histopathology correlation
Authors: Mirza Salman , Fadl Shaima , Napaki Sarbar , Abualruz AbdulRahman
Published: July 2014

Epidermoid cysts, true dermoid cysts and teratoid cysts compose the spectrum of cystic teratomas, which are defined as neoplasms whose tissue are derivatives of more than one germ layer, foreign to that part of the body from which the tumor arises. Epidermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth are rare lesions and are much less common than dermoid cysts in the head and neck. This case reports a 43-year-old male patient who presented with a longstanding midline swelling in the submental region. Initial imaging was done using ultrasound followed by computed tomography (CT) scan. Biopsy was taken and revealed a cyst wall lined with epidermal squamous epithelium along with areas of focal ulceration suggesting chronic inflammatory changes of the wall of the epidermoid cyst.

There are characteristic and even pathognomonic imaging features of epidermoid cysts at the floor of the mouth in ultrasound and CT scan. Imaging has an important role in the surgical management plan according to the size and location of the cyst in relation to geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles.
Prevalence and severity of pain in cancer patients in an outpatient palliative care setting in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Zahrani Omar , Eldali Abdelmoneim , Al-Shahri Mohammad Zafir
Published: July 2014

Background: The prevalence and severity of cancer pain in the outpatient palliative care (PC) setting have not been explored previously in Saudi Arabia (SA). Exploration of this basic information may help in evaluating pain severity in patients new to PC as compared to those with previous PC exposure. Objective: This paper aims to determine the prevalence and severity of cancer pain among new and follow-up patients attending a PC outpatient clinic. Methods: In a PC outpatient setting in a major tertiary hospital in SA, we interviewed adult patients with cancer during their attendance to the clinic. Patients were requested to score the severity of their pain on a 0 to 10 numerical scale. Results: A total of 124 patients were interviewed, of whom 73 (59%) were females. The majority of patients (82.3%) had metastatic disease. The most common cancers were breast (27.4%) and head and neck (15.3%). The majority of patients (85.5%) reported pain, with a median intensity score of 5 and a mean of 4.6. Of those who reported pain, 54 (51%) scored above 4. The mean pain score did not differ between groups of patients according to various characteristics such as age, sex, performance status, type of cancer or encounter type. Conclusion: Pain is a prevalent symptom in new and follow-up cancer patients seen in a PC outpatient setting in SA. Further research on a larger scale is needed to evaluate the magnitude of the problem more comprehensively with emphasis on detailed pain assessment and exploration of the adopted management approaches.
Economic Growth and Environment: Tourism as a Trigger for Green Growth
Authors: Marsiglio Simone
Published: July 2014

The paper analyses the implications of tourism activities for economic growth and environmental assets, focusing especially on small island countries. The author develops a stylized dynamic economic model in which tourism is the trigger of the incentive mechanism leading to abatement activities and economic growth. The basic idea is that tourists choose the location to visit according to a number of factors (including environmental quality) which are affected by residents' choices. If residents engage in environmental protection activities, it then may be possible for environmentally based tourism economies to reach a smooth development process. The author shows that the (sustainable) balanced growth path is the only viable equilibrium, and along such a path consumption grows while environmental quality rises. Tourists' preferences crucially affect the long-run outcome, since economic and environmental growth rates increase with the green preference and decrease with the grey preference and crowding aversion parameters. Thus, if tourism specialization is to be the pathway to development, green tourism will need to be promoted.
Ação coletiva e desenvolvimento sustentável
Authors: Duque Ghislaine , De Mello Antônio Carlos Pires , De Araújo Maria da Glória Batista
Published: July 2014

Este artigo pretende demonstrar a relação entre ação coletiva e desenvolvimento sustentável. Apos apresentar a região semiárida da Paraíba, onde se situa o caso estudado, descreve os problemas que afetam sua população: problemas ligados aos fatores edafo-climáticos da região e, mais ainda, aos fatores políticos, caracterizados pela dominação do clientelismo. Mostra como a ação coletiva teve início a partir do enfrentamento das necessidades sofridas pela população, quais foram os caminhos percorridos para encontrar soluções e viabilizálas, aproveitando os saberes ancestrais em diálogo com o saber técnico, e como as comunidades participantes, libertando-se da dependência, ganharam autonomia e autoestima. Resultou desse processo a criação de uma organização, o “Coletivo”, cuja contribuição foi decisiva para ampliar a ação coletiva, valorizando as experiências da base e fomentando sua divulgação, integrando finalmente as comunidades numa luta comum contra os problemas encontrados. As experiências do “Coletivo”, bem como de outras entidades atuando nas várias regiões do semiárido, resultaram na criação de uma organização maior, a “Articulação no Semi-Árido” (ASA) que, partindo das experiências exitosas das comunidades, propôs e conseguiu que fossem adotadas pelo governo como políticas públicas. O artigo conclui que a sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento em curso decorre essencialmente do fato de que as soluções propostas não foram planejadas e impostas “de cima para baixo”, mas foram baseadas em experiências da base.
Capitalismo, natureza e utopia
Authors: Ribeiro Guilherme
Published: July 2014

Resenha de O fim do capitalismo como o conhecemos: uma crítica radical do capitalismo. Elmar Altvater. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2010 [2005], 363 p.
Políticas públicas para o desenvolvimento sustentável brasileiro: o papel dos royalties do petróleo na institucionalização de uma política de preservação da biodiversidade
Authors: Machado Carlos José Saldanha , Vilani Rodrigo Machado , Chame Márcia
Published: July 2014

O objetivo desse trabalho é discutir a aplicação dos royalties do petróleo na conservação da biodiversidade brasileira como elemento de promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável. A perda de espécies e a redução de variedade genética são consequências diretas e/ou indiretas de ações antrópicas, tais como: desmatamento, expansão urbana, queima de combustíveis fósseis, entre outras. Partindo da concepção de que os royalties configuram uma compensação financeira, cuja gênese é a promoção de justiça intergeracional, realizamos uma análise do arcabouço legal em vigor para determinar a compatibilização desses recursos com a proteção da biodiversidade. Constatamos a permanência de uma lacuna na apropriação da perspectiva intergeracional, constitucionalmente estabelecida, tanto ao longo do processo legislativo como na prática das políticas públicas afins. Mesmo diante das várias opções existentes para a aplicação dos royalties do petróleo, concluímos defendendo a sua aplicação na conservação da biodiversidade enquanto patrimônio para as futuras gerações.
Deslocamentos, itinerários e destinos de populações atingidas por Barragens: UHE Tijuco Alto, SP – PR
Authors: Jeronymo Alexandre Cosme José , Bermann Célio , Guerra Sinclair Malett-Guy
Published: July 2014

As Usinas Hidrelétricas de Energia (UHE) produzem impactos sociais, econômicos e ambientais de difícil quantificação. Dentre os impactos provocados está a apropriação de propriedades para compor a área de influência direta da UHE. A partir do processo de apropriação, iniciam-se os deslocamentos involuntários de famílias e comunidades rurais inteiras. O deslocamento familiar decorrente de projeto hidrelétrico não construído e as condições materiais de existência após o deslocamento são impactos sociais pouco analisados pela literatura. Este tipo de análise reduz quando ocorre a apropriação de propriedades para compor projeto de UHE não construída. Esta pesquisa analisa os deslocamentos familiares para a construção do projeto UHE Tijuco Alto (entre os Estados de São Paulo e Paraná, no rio Ribeira de Iguape), bem como os seus reflexos para a dinâmica econômica das comunidades inseridas na área de influência direta. O projeto hidrelétrico foi apresentado em 1989 e, desde então, foi iniciado o processo de apropriação de propriedades, seguido de deslocamentos familiares e esvaziamento das comunidades rurais. Entretanto, a construção da usina não foi materializada porque os estudos de impactos ambientais não foram protocolados no órgão ambiental correto e apresentavam insuficiências. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foram consultadas 29 famílias (que negociaram propriedade de terras) e outras 17 famílias (que trabalhavam em propriedades negociadas). A conclusão do trabalho aponta que o deslocamento produziu rupturas sociais, crise na economia comunitária e deslocamentos (municipais, intermunicipais e interestaduais). Além disso, aponta que os deslocamentos significam inserções social e profissional precárias, contraposto ao aumento no consumo de equipamentos eletrodomésticos, eletroeletrônicos e material para infraestrutura residencial.
A racionalidade ambiental na construção de tecnologias alternativas para a agricultura familiar: o caso do Serviço de Tecnologia Alternativa – SERTA
Authors: Costa Sunamita Iris Rodrigues Borges da , Silva Marlene Maria da
Published: July 2014

A racionalidade instrumental construiu o conceito de tecnologia apropriado pelo sistema capitalista. Esta se tornou fator estratégico para o desenvolvimento econômico e instrumento de controle das externalidades pela artificialização dos processos naturais, gerando graves problemas sociais e ecológicos. Entretanto, pela inacessibilidade econômica e devido aos graves custos socioambientais, fez-se necessária a construção de mecanismos paliativos que favorecessem a transição entre a técnica tradicional e a tecnologia moderna. Nesse contexto, surge o conceito de tecnologias alternativas que, diferenciadas pela ênfase ao baixo custo e à utilização racional de recursos localmente abundantes, define-se pela acessibilidade social e eficiência ecológica. Tal modelo, inspirado na racionalidade ambiental, com ênfase ao suprimento das necessidades das comunidades rurais, tem embasado a atuação de instituições produtoras e difusoras dessas tecnologias voltadas ao desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar no Brasil. Este trabalho apresenta a visão dos agricultores familiares quanto às dificuldades encontradas no processo produtivo e aos resultados obtidos através da atuação de uma dessas instituições, o Serviço de Tecnologias Alternativas, especificamente, a partir da análise de suas atividades no semiárido pernambucano, na unidade localizada em Ibimirim-PE.
Agriculture biologique et verrouillage des systèmes de connaissances Conventionalisation des filières agroalimentaire bio
Authors: Stassart Pierre Marie , Jamar Daniel
Published: July 2014

La question de la co-existence entre deux systèmes bio, l’un porté par les acteurs historiques, l’autre par les nouveaux acteurs agroindustriels, selon un modèle de bifurcation, est traitée à travers l’hypothèse de conventionalisation. Nous utilisons le cas du système Blanc Bleu Belge et de l’élevage bovin bio belge pour montrer que le problème de la co-existence de ces deux systèmes est à la fois une question empirique et une question théorique. Notre argument est que le concept de « référentiel » (au sens de Jobert et Muller, 1987) est non seulement supérieur d’un point de vue théorique mais qu’il ouvre d’intéressantes perspectives pratiques et ceci pour deux raisons. D’abord parce qu’il permet de comprendre la question et l’enjeu de la co-existence de deux systèmes de connaissances différents, l’un alternatif et l’autre conventionnel. Ensuite parce qu’il permet de comprendre les effets d’irréversibilité qui rendent les systèmes conventionnel et biologique incompatibles l’un avec l’autre.
Revisitando a experiência de cooperativismo de Mondragón a partir da perspectiva da ecossocioeconomia
Authors: Sampaio Carlos Alberto Cioce , Fernandes Valdir , Azkarraga Etxagibel Joseba , Altuna Gabilondo Larraitz
Published: July 2014

Essa é uma história, em curso, que não deve ser confundida com uma mera trajetória exitosa de uma corporação de empresas cooperativas. Mondragón Corporação Cooperativa (MCC), sétimo maior grupo empresarial privado da Espanha, com mais de 100.000 trabalhadores e que atua em setores nos quais, geralmente, atuam empresas privadas ou públicas, deve ser visto sempre sob a perspectiva da economia social. Este artigo tem como objetivo resgatar os princípios considerados pelo idealizador da MCC, José María Arizmendiarrieta, que podem subsidiar as adaptações necessárias ao enfoque socioeconômico, transcritos nos 10 princípios da MCC, bem como as suas implicações ideológicas e práticas, considerando o paradigma da sustentabilidade, por meio do enfoque da ecossocioeconomia. Esta pesquisa valeu-se de observação participativa, com duração de três meses, na qual se vivenciou a experiência a partir de entrevistas, visitas e de dados secundários. A conclusão é que, atualmente, tal inspiração está debilitada diante do risco de um corporativismo cooperativo que deseja se autopreservar e da lógica de autorregulação do mercado. Contudo, a experiência mostra fôlego, com suas inovações inter e extraorganizacionais, com senso crítico e pragmatismo que superam a mera crítica, ante a ideologia que se tornou estéril, ao mesmo tempo em que preserva a inspiração do seu fundador.
Dinâmica do uso do solo e valoração de serviços ecossistêmicos: notas de orientação para políticas ambientais
Authors: Andrade Daniel Caixeta , Romeiro Ademar Ribeiro , Fasiaben Maria do Carmo Ramos , Garcia Junior Ruiz
Published: July 2014

Este trabalho traz um exemplo de aplicação da valoração de serviços ecossistêmicos vis-à-vis a dinâmica de uso do solo da bacia hidrográfica dos rios Mogi-Guaçu e Pardo (bacia do MP, Estado de São Paulo), com o objetivo de demonstrar a relevância dessa ferramenta metodológica para a orientação de políticas ambientais. Os resultados encontrados mostram que a dinâmica do uso da terra na região entre os anos de 1988 e 2002 teve um impacto negativo no valor total de serviços gerados. Demonstram-se também os impactos sobre os serviços ecossistêmicos sob a hipótese de cumprimento da legislação ambiental (Código Florestal de 1965). Através de estimativas do déficit de APP (Área de Preservação Permanente) e RL (Reserva Legal) para o ano de 2002 (que corresponde a 110.359,93 ha), simularam-se dois cenários nos quais, respectivamente, o déficit foi liquidado exclusivamente em áreas de uso agrícola e em áreas agrícolas e de pastagens. A análise permitiu demonstrar que o valor gerado em termos de serviços ecossistêmicos por unidade de área florestada é maior que o valor que seria gerado caso essa mesma unidade fosse utilizada com outros tipos de uso, como cana ou pastagem. Ao produtor, esse resultado não tem interesse imediato, já que ele não se apropria de todo o valor gerado pelos serviços ecossistêmicos. A comparação feita comprova o fato de que a conversão de terras para florestas deve ser incentivada, via política de compensação, dado o maior valor social gerado em relação ao valor privado.
Tuber melanosporum spread within sub-optimal climatic zones is controlled by fruiting triggers and not mycorrhiza survival
Authors: Thomas Paul W.
Published: July 2014

Tuber melanosporum is the most valuable of all cultivatable truffle species. Farming of this species spans every continent with the exception of Antarctica. Tuber aestivum (syn. T. uncinatum) and Tuber brumale are truffle species that have similar host plant preference and a similar affinity for calcareous soils as T. melanosporum, but occur over a broader geographic zone. The geographic limit of T. melanosporum is thought to be climatically dictated but it is not known whether this is due to an impact on mycorrhizal survival or climatically-derived fruiting triggers. Here, data is compiled from five cultivated research sites in the climatically sub-optimal conditions of the UK in order to address this question. Here we show:

(i)Tuber melanosporum mycorrhiza can survive and grow in sub-optimal climatic conditions.

(ii)It is climatically-derived fruiting triggers and not ectomycorrhiza survival that dictate the climatic preferences and geographic spread of T. melanosporum.

(iii)Important climatic parameters for potential fruiting triggers are sunshine hours, summer rainfall and summer temperatures.

 

The data presented here not only aid our understanding of the ecological parameters of T. melanosporum but also have a practical application for truffle cultivators in choosing suitable locations for a plantation.
Adult-born granule cells mature through two functionally distinct states
Authors: Brunner János , Neubrandt Máté , Van-Weert Susan , Andrási Tibor , Kleine Borgmann Felix B , Jessberger Sebastian , Szabadics János
Published: July 2014

Adult-born granule cells (ABGCs) are involved in certain forms of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. It has been proposed that young but functionally integrated ABGCs (4-weeks-old) specifically contribute to pattern separation functions of the dentate gyrus due to their heightened excitability, whereas old ABGCs (>8 weeks old) lose these capabilities. Measuring multiple cellular and integrative characteristics of 3- 10-week-old individual ABGCs, we show that ABGCs consist of two functionally distinguishable populations showing highly distinct input integration properties (one group being highly sensitive to narrow input intensity ranges while the other group linearly reports input strength) that are largely independent of the cellular age and maturation stage, suggesting that ‘classmate’ cells (born during the same period) can contribute to the network with fundamentally different functions. Thus, ABGCs provide two temporally overlapping but functionally distinct neuronal cell populations, adding a novel level of complexity to our understanding of how life-long neurogenesis contributes to adult brain function.
Alcohol use and health care utilization in rural Liberia: Results of a community-based survey for basic public health indicators
Authors: Weil Ana A. , Cameron Corey M. , Soumerai Jacob , Dierberg Kerry L. , Mouwon Alphonso Geelue , Kraemer David R. , Lewy Daniela , Lee Patrick T. , Kraemer John D. , Siedner Mark J.
Published: July 2014

Weil, A., Cameron, C., Soumerai, J., Dierberg, K., Mouwon, A., Kraemer, D., Lewy, D., Lee, P., Kraemer, J., & Siedner, M. (2014). Alcohol use and health care utilization in rural Liberia: Results of a community-based survey for basic public health indicators. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(2), 169-181. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i2.147Aim: To measure the association between alcohol use and health-seeking behavior in post-conflict Liberia.Design: Cross-sectional survey.Setting: A community in rural southeast Liberia, from January 11 to January 16, 2010Participants: 600 heads-of-household.Measures: Logistic regression models for estimation of associations between alcohol use and indicators of healthcare utilization. Frequent alcohol use was defined as drinking more than seven days out of the last two weeks.Findings: Frequent alcohol use was reported by 14.9% of participants. These respondents were less likely to attend clinic for chronic cough (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR 0.40, 95% CI 0.18-0.87), to have had an HIV test (AOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.19-0.77), and to have accessed prenatal care (AOR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.12-0.54). Approximately 25% of all respondents had no access to latrines, and half reported going to sleep hungry in the past week.Conclusions: Within households in post-conflict Liberia, there is an association between reduced health care utilization and frequent alcohol use self-reported by a head of household or primary caregiver.
The association between alcohol restriction policies and vehicle-related mortality in Cali, Colombia, 1998-2008
Authors: Mena Jorge , Sánchez Álvaro I. , Gutiérrez María Isabel , Puyana Juan-Carlos , Suffoleto Brian
Published: July 2014

Mena, J., Sánchez, Á., Gutiérrez, M., Puyana, J., & Suffoleto, B. (2014). The association between alcohol restriction policies and vehicle-related mortality in Cali, Colombia, 1998-2008. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(2), 149-158. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i2.157Aims: To determine whether the implementation of alcohol control policies was associated with changes in the incidence of road traffic deaths.Design: Ecologic study conducted using an interrupted time series analysis. Full restrictive polices banned alcohol between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. Most restrictive polices prohibited alcohol between 1 a.m. and 10 a.m. Restrictive policies prohibited alcohol between 2 a.m. and 10 a.m. Moderately restrictive policies banned alcohol between 3 a.m. and 10 a.m. Lax policies prohibited alcohol between 4 a.m. and 10 a.m.Setting: We used data of road traffic mortality in the population of Cali, Colombia from 1998 to 2008.Participants: The population of Cali in 2008 was 2,184,753 inhabitants; 47% were male.Measures: Aggregated daily counts of road traffic deaths. Restrictive policies were compared with lax policies to estimate the effect of reducing hours of alcohol availability using multiple negative binomial regressions.Findings: There was a decreased risk of road traffic mortality in periods when moderately restrictive policies were in effect (IRR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.72–0.97, p = 0.019). There was an even lower risk of road traffic deaths in periods when most restrictive policies were in effect (IRR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.58–0.85, p < 0.001). In motorcyclists, most restrictive (IRR 0.55, 95% CI 0.38–0.81, p = 0.002) and full restrictive policies (IRR 0.52, 95% CI 0.29–0.94, p = 0.032) were associated with decreased risk of mortality.Conclusions: Our findings support more restrictive alcohol control policies to reduce road traffic mortality. Specifically, reducing the time of alcohol availability was associated with a decrease in road traffic death rates.
Alcohol’s harm to others: Using qualitative research to complement survey findings
Authors: Manton Elizabeth , MacLean Sarah , Laslett Anne-Marie , Room Robin
Published: July 2014

Manton, E., MacLean, S., Laslett, A., & Room, R. (2014). Alcohol’s harm to others: Using qualitative research to complement survey findings. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(2), 143-148. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i2.178Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify the potential contribution of qualitative research to future Alcohol’s Harm to Others (AHTO) survey research and some of the potential difficulties that may be encountered when conducting studies of this nature.Design: Qualitative, in-depth semi-structured telephone interviews.Setting: Australia.Participants: Potential participants were those who responded, in the telephone land-line-based Australia-wide AHTO survey in either 2008 or 2011, that a child or children for whom they had responsibility had been harmed “a lot” or “a little” by someone else’s drinking, and who also indicated that they were willing to be recontacted for future research interviews. Ten participants who selected the response “a lot” and 10 who selected “a little” were interviewed.Measures: Interviews were audio recorded and professionally transcribed. Transcribed interviews were thematically analysed.Findings: The qualitative study analysis enabled access to detailed stories, clarification of the validity and meanings of survey measures, identification of questions for future surveys, and contextualization of survey findings. The analysis also suggested that samples of people who agree to discuss harm from others’ drinking with a researcher are likely to be skewed in particular ways.Conclusions: The approach to AHTO research described here incorporates both the persuasive power of whole-population survey research and the nuanced understanding provided through interpretation of in-depth qualitative interviews. It enables the presentation of more comprehensive information about the nature and extent of AHTO.
Right Colon Carcinoma Infiltrating the Alimentary Limb in a Patient With Biliopancreatic Diversion
Authors: López-Tomassetti Fernández Eudaldo M. , Hernández Hernández Juan Ramón , Jorge Valentine Nuñez
Published: July 2014

Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) has excellent results, with the average patient losing 60% to 80% of the excess weight in the first 2 years. However, the BPD works by malabsorption and malabsorptive problems may be experienced with the operation. Therefore, monitoring is necessary for life. In the recent literature there is some debate over the possibility that this technique can increase the risk of colon cancer secondary to the action of the unabsorbed food and bile acid on colonic mucosa. We report the case of a 42-year-old patient with a previous bariatric surgery (BPD with 50 cm common channel; 300 cm alimentary limb) who developed a very aggressive right colon cancer 6 years after the operation. We also review our series of 330 patients operated on during a 14-year period to try to answer if there is any relationship between BPD and colon cancer.
Mesh Migration Into Urinary Bladder After Open Ventral Herniorrhaphy With Mesh: A Case Report
Authors: Su Yann-Rong , Chan Pei-Hui
Published: July 2014

Ventral hernia repair with mesh products is of increasing popularity. The long-term results of mesh repair of ventral hernia are superior to primary suture repair. However, occasional complications may still present. We report on a 77-year-old man who underwent ventral hernia repair with a mesh 5 years ago with complication of mesh migration into the urinary bladder and enterovesical fistula. The patient presented with lower urinary tract symptoms initially. By urinalysis, persistent hematuria and pyuria were found after antibiotic treatment. For further investigation of hematuria, intravenous urography was performed, which revealed a faint radio-opaque patch at the right pelvis. To obtain a more precise relationship between the lesion and the adjacent organs, computed tomography and cystoscopy were arranged. They confirmed a mesh with stone formation in the urinary bladder. To remove the mesh, segmental resection of the ileum and cystorrhaphy were performed.
Drainage of Periappendiceal Abscess and Removal of Free Fecalith—Extraperitoneal Approach
Authors: Chang Chian-Ro , Cheng Che-Yu
Published: July 2014

Treatment of complicated acute appendicitis is controversial. The dilemma is further complicated by presence of free fecalith in a well-circumscribed abscess, which has been repeatedly demonstrated to be a major predicting factor of treatment failure of nonoperative treatment of acute appendicitis complicated with appendiceal abscess. If left behind after drainage of the abscess, further operations for removal of retained fecalith or recurrence of abscess might be required. However, little had been stressed over the significance of removal of the free fecalith when it was first encountered. We report our experience of drainage of appendiceal abscess and removal of free fecalith by taking an extraperitoneal approach. Both of our cases made a smooth recovery without any complication or recurrence after a 2-year follow-up. Treatment with this approach avoids many of the complications associated with formal laparotomy. Unlike image-guided drainage or laparoscopic drainage, this procedure is relatively simple and straightforward and can be performed in any level of hospital, including private practitioners and in less well-developed areas and countries. With proper case selection, we recommend this approach as one of the alternatives in the treatment of late-presenting appendiceal abscess with free fecalith.
Microsurgical Intermediate Subinguinal Varicocelectomy
Authors: Lee Joo Yong , Yu Ho Song , Ham Won Sik , Kang Dong Hyuk , Kim Kyu Hyun , Chung Doo Yong , Cho Kang Su
Published: July 2014

This study was conducted to introduce a simple modification that can facilitate microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy (MSV) especially for surgeons inexperienced in microsurgical technique. A single surgeon performed microsurgical intermediate subinguinal varicocelectomy (MISV) on 52 patients with 61 cases between September 2010 and August 2012. Patient age, varicocele grade, operation time, intraoperative findings, postoperative complications, and 3-month follow-up results were analyzed. Patient mean age was 28 years (range, 15–69 years), and there were 9 bilateral cases. The mean operative time was 51 minutes (range, 34–109 minutes). We compared the first 31 cases to the second 30 cases, to assess investigator experience on operating times. The mean number of ligated veins was 5 (range, 3–10) in internal spermatic vein, 1 (range, 0–4) in external spermatic vein, and 1 (range, 0–3) in gubernacular vein. In 28 patients, the average postoperative sperm concentration at the 3-month follow-up was significantly higher than the preoperative sperm concentration (28.5 ± 18.2 × 106/mL versus 10.5 ± 23.0 × 106/mL; P = 0.003). Mean motility improved after MSIV (65.7% ± 18.2% versus 47.2% ± 21.7%; P = 0.004). In conclusion, MISV appears comparable with MSV in terms of the high success rate, low complication rate, and low postoperative pain; and it can be easily accomplished by inexperienced surgeons.