bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Results of Left Bundle Branch Pacing after Atrioventricular Junction Ablation in Patients with Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Perepeka Eugene O. , Kravchuk Borys B.
Published: September 2024

Atrioventricular junction ablation (AVJA) together with the implantation of cardiac pacemaker has become a recognized and effective treatment strategy for patients with symptomatic tachysystolic atrial fibrillation that does not respond to heart rate control drug therapy. Left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) is a physiological alternative to right ventricular and biventricular pacing.
The aim. To analyze the clinical results of the average duration with the use of LBBP and AVJA.
Materials and methods. Over the period from January 2023 to July 2024, LBBP with subsequent AVJA was applied at the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery in 18 patients as a method of treatment of chronic tachysystolic atrial fibrillation to achieve heart rate control.
Results. Mid-term results (at least 1 month) could be monitored in 15 out of 18 patients (84%); in the other three (16%) patients the time between pacemaker implantation and AVJA was too short. The mean period from pacemaker implantation to control examination was 5.07 ± 2.79 months (minimum period 1 month, maximum 12 months). During the period from implantation and ablation to the control observation in the study group, it was possible to observe an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction from 39.12 ± 10.56% to 46.38 ± 7.09%, p = 0.035; decrease in the values of end-diastolic volume from 184.22 ± 76.76 to 167.85 ± 36.93 ml, p = 0.074; decrease in the right ventricular pressure from 43.07 ± 8.29 to 34.38 ± 4.78 mm Hg, p = 0.013. It was also possible to observe a decrease in the left bundle branch capture thresholds from 1.27 ± 0.58 to 0.7 ± 0.39 V at 0.4 ms, p = 0.016; and a decrease in the average LBBP endocardial lead resistance from 638 ± 172.83 to 529.4 ± 120.15 Ohm, p = 0.012.
Conclusions. Implantation of the LBBP pacemaker and AVJA was not associated with the occurrence of complications both in the intraoperative and postoperative periods, as well as in the remote period of the average duration in the studied group. The use of this approach in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation made it possible in a series of consecutive patients to improve the systolic function of the left ventricle, to reduce the values of the end-diastolic volume of the left ventricle and the right ventricular pressure at optimal pacing parameters.
Prosumer Neo-Tribes: An Ethnography of Recreational Cycling Communities
Authors: Aşan Kübra , Yolal Medet
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In postmodern community studies, a neo-tribal theoretical framework has been proposed to elucidate recreational and touristic communities, positing that neo-tribes coalesce around shared consumer experiences. This study diverges by examining the productive functions of recreational and tourist communities through the lens of prosumerism. The study investigates two distinct recreational cycling tribes in Türkiye using ethnographic methods and participatory observations. The findings highlight that these cycling tribes play active roles in organizing events, developing visitor experiences and destinations, and generating both economic and social benefits. This study introduces the concept of prosumer tribes within the leisure and tourism literature, supported by empirical evidence. It offers implications for policymakers and businesses seeking to understand and harness the prosumer dynamics within recreational cycling communities.
PECULIARITIES OF CRACK FORMATION IN HETEROPHASE INCLUSIONS OF THE “EUTECTICS OF INCLUSION − MATRIX” TYPE
Authors: Gubenko S.I. , Parusov E.V. , Tiutieriev I.A.
Published: September 2024

Purpose. The goal of the work was to study the peculiarities of crack nucleation in heterophase inclusions of the “eutectic inclusion − matrix” type during steel deformation. Methods. The research was carried out after deformation of samples from steels 08Yu, 12GS, 08kp, 09G2S, NB-57, 08GSYUTF in the temperature range of 20…1 200 °C with the speed of movement of grips 1 680 mm/min. The research methods were used − petrography, micro-X-ray spectral analysis (Cameca MS-4, Nanolab-7), optical microscopy (Neophot-21). Results. It is established that the variety of phases that make up heterophase inclusions of the type “eutectic of inclusion − matrix” leads to their different behavior under conditions of plastic deformation. It is shown that the nucleation of brittle or viscous microcracks occurs along the internal interfacial boundaries between the metal matrix and the second phase of the eutectic. It is determined that the nature of cracks is determined by the level of plasticity of the inclusion phases and the deformation temperature. It is shown that the critical degrees of deformation of the samples, at the achievement of which there were noticeable microcracks along the internal interfacial boundaries, depend on the temperature and nature of the phases of inclusions “eutectic of inclusion − matrix”. It is established that the values of critical degrees of deformation determine the level of cohesive strength of the internal interfacial boundaries in heterophase inclusions “inclusion − matrix eutectic”. Scientific novelty. Peculiarities of microcracking nucleation in heterophase inclusions of the “inclusion − matrix eutectic” type have been established. It is shown that the nature of microcracks formed along the interfacial boundaries depends on the temperature, level of plasticity and conditions of combination of brittle and plastic phases in inclusions of the “eutectic of inclusion − matrix” type, as well as on the deformation temperature. It is shown that the critical degrees of deformation of steels, when microcracks occurred along the inner interfacial boundaries, determine the cohesive strength of these boundaries and depend on the temperature and nature of the phases of inclusions such as “inclusion − matrix eutectic”. Practical significance. The use of the results obtained will make it possible to develop technologies for producing steels with regulated types of heterophase nonmetallic inclusions, which will significantly increase their technological and operational characteristics, as well as prevent the formation of various kinds of defects during the processing of steels by pressure and the operation of products.
Самоформирование через деятельность и отбор в эволюционной траектории человеческого вида
Authors: Красиков Владимир
Published: September 2024

The author attempts to answer the following key question, namely: does selection exist in biosocial evolution and what is the role of human activity in it? Accordingly, we consider the biosocial evolution of the human species as the object of research, and we consider such aspects of this evolution in its pre-historic stage as activity and selection as the subject of research. We think that the relevance of the topic of the article lies in the application of the methods of biological evolutionary science to social evolution. We have in mind the following methodological tools: the idea of artificial selection; the concept of a human niche; the idea of selection against aggression; the idea of self-domes-tication, understood as a special transitional evolutionary process, which then transforms into macrohistory proper. In this article we discuss four approaches to the presence of certain forms of selection in human biosocial evolution, namely: (1) the Darwinian position and its later extended variants in the form of a genetic version of natural selection; (2) concepts linking human modification of the animal traits with the creation of an anthropogenic niche and cultural construction; (3) the view of those who attribute human domestication to selection against aggression; (4) theories of social selection, in which already successful practices or more cohesive groups are selected for.
Medical Liability for Omission under the Portuguese Criminal Law: A Critical Eye on Portuguese Jurisprudence
Authors: Ferreira Elisabete
Published: September 2024

In the Portuguese legal system, criminal liability for omission can be conducted by the legal category that criminalises omission in itself, regardless of the result, or operate by equating omission with action. This is enshrined in section 10 of the Penal Code, as long as the omitting person has a personal legal duty to act as guarantor (section 10, no. 2). In medical criminal liability, the framework for a hypothetical omission by an on-duty doctor in emergency services has been controversial. In our legal system, section 284 of the Penal Code expressly stipulates that a doctor’s refusal to administer care be punishable conduct. On the other hand, it is possible that the doctor on duty in the emergency room of a hospital has a personal legal duty to act as a guarantor, arising from the contract that binds him/her to the hospital. Thus, it is necessary to affirm a subsidiarity relation between the mechanism of equating omission with action resulting from section 10 of the Penal Code and incrimination under section 284 of the Penal Code. However, this has not been the major understanding of the jurisprudence of the Portuguese courts on this subject. For instance, when the refusal of assistance by a doctor causes the death of a patient, instead of convicting the doctor for homicide by omission (section 131 of the Portuguese Penal Code, ex vi section 10, numbers 1 and 2), courts are convicting as per section 284 – refusal of the medical doctor to provide medical assistance. The present work aims to critically present this jurisprudence, state the legal and doctrinal foundations that justify the inclusion of these hypotheses within the scope of crimes committed by omission and point out the practical importance of choosing this solution. Keywords: Omission; Committed by omission; Medical liability; Duty to act as guarantor.
Attributes of the Romanian State. Special View on the Rule of Law
Authors: Puran Andra Nicoleta
Published: September 2024

The attributes of a state constitute its defining features and principal values of its constitutional order, which differentiate or resemble it as a political-legal physiognomy from other states. The rule of law, pluralism, democracy, civil society are universal values of contemporary political thought and practice and can be found normatively expressed in international documents, but also in the Romanian Constitution. Starting from the specialised doctrine and jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of Romania in the matter, this article analyses the attributes of the Romanian state enshrined by the Constitution, respectively: rule of law; welfare state; pluralistic state; democratic state. In this study, a special attention is dedicated to the rule of law, considering the dangers that threaten it in the current period. Legislative inflation, superficial legislation, increasing the role of the Executive in the field of legislation at the expense of Parliament, the intrusions of politicians into the sphere of judicial power are just some of the dysfunctions of the Romanian rule of law. In this context, this article highlights the essential role of the Constitutional Court in guaranteeing and respecting the requirements of the rule of law. Through its jurisprudence, an important contribution is made not only in the correct interpretation and application of constitutional norms, but also in their elaboration. Under the influence of the specific socio-political factors in each country, the pressures of the Union and international law, the rule of law cannot reach perfection, but it remains a fundamental constitutional necessity whose primary purpose is to ensure the rights and freedoms of citizens. Keywords: attributes of the state, rule of law, the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of Romania, dysfunctionalities of the Romanian rule of law.
Brief Considerations Regarding the Competence of the Central Authorities in Matters of Filiation, in the Context of the Proposal for a Council Regulation on the Creation of a European Certificate of Parenthood
Authors: Aniţei Nadia-Cerasela , Dornean Păunescu Raluca Laura
Published: September 2024

The study aims to present and analyse the competence of the central authorities in the matter of filiation according to the Proposal for a Council Regulation on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition of decisions and acceptance of authentic instruments in matters of parenthood and on the creation of a European Certificate of Parenthood and according to the regulations in Romanian law such as: Civil Code, Law no. 119/1996 regarding civil status documents, Government Ordinance no. 84/2001 regarding the establishment and operation of community public services for the registration of persons. The authors present due clarifications regarding the dichotomy of the provisions of Romanian law (Romanian private international law, civil law and the regulations from the normative acts stipulated in the paragraph above) and the correspondence with the Council's Proposal for a regulation on filiation, noting the competence, the applicable law, respectively the recognition. Next, the paper will present the competent authorities from the perspective of the proposed Regulation and Romanian law. In conclusion, the authors will present de lege ferenda what changes would be made to the provisions of Romanian law by adopting the Proposal for a Regulation of the Council regarding jurisdiction, the applicable law, the recognition of court decisions and the acceptance of authentic documents in matters of filiation and regarding the creation of a European certificate of filiation considering that there will be rules of immediate application. Keywords: Central authorities; Child; Filiation; Parents; Private international law; Romanian law.
Fair Satisfaction due to Violations of Patients' Rights in Healthcare
Authors: Mohorič Kenda Anka
Published: September 2024

This article explores and presents the meaning of the award of just satisfaction for breaches of patients' rights that interfere with fundamental human rights and the personal integrity of the individual in the field of healthcare. The research is based on well-established methods of legal science, using historical, normative-dogmatic, comparative, axiological and sociological methods. This article reveals and presents a view on the normative regulation of the field of scientific study and points out the shortcomings of the regulation of the judicial protection of rights in health care in the Republic of Slovenia. The study concludes that the interference with a patient's right protected by law results in an interference with the patient's private life, which is why the court should mitigate the ongoing violation and its consequences without undue delay. The patient should be able to seek judicial protection of his or her rights in the healthcare system within the national system through the establishment of an institute of just satisfaction under Article 41 The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The instrument of just satisfaction, as provided for by the ECHR and developed by The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), should be used as an important remedy in cases of violation of a patient's rights where no other immediate judicial remedy is available. It remains open to debate for which violations of patients' rights just satisfaction should be granted and in what procedure in order to ensure its swift effect. Keywords: Just satisfaction; non-pecuniary damage; criteria for non-business liability; exceptional circumstances; mitigation of the harmful consequences
Artificial Intelligence and the Labour Market: Impacts and Issues
Authors: Caragnano Roberta
Published: September 2024

The authoress examines the impacts and issues that artificial intelligence produces on the labour market characterised by an increasing hybridisation of both the workplace and work performance. The European AI Act Regulation is analysed for issues of interest. Issues concerning monitoring systems to avoid discrimination (especially for women) as well as issues related to algorithms are reviewed. The authoress also analyses issues concerning redistributive and fiscal policies and the type of employment that AI will produce in the labour market. Finally, reflections are posed on the relationship between demographic decline and new technologies and the need for participatory industrial relations, with a central role played by collective bargaining. Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Labour market; Discrimination; Industrial relation; Collective bargaining
Ethical Judicial Restraint and the Rule of Law: Strengthening Constitutional Integrity in the UK
Authors: Nartey Emmanuel K
Published: September 2024

This article establishes the theoretical framework for evaluating the concepts of ‘elective dictatorship’ and ‘partisan politics’ within the broader context of UK rule of law and ethics. It critically examines these notions to diverge from the conventional practice of parliamentary sovereignty in instances of power abuse. The term ‘elective dictatorship’ describes a scenario where an elected political party wields substantial power without effective checks and balances, leading to a concentration of power within the ruling party. This situation raises concerns about the erosion of democratic principles and potential power abuse. Closely linked to this is the concept of partisan politics, where alignment with a particular political party leads to abuses of power, challenging the principle of parliamentary sovereignty. Various factors contribute to this dynamic, including ideological, social, and economic considerations. In a healthy democracy, political parties play a crucial role in representing diverse interests and offering voters choices. However, when partisan politics becomes overly polarised and prioritises gaining and maintaining power at any cost, it can foster an elective dictatorship. This article reviews existing literature in this domain and addresses these concepts within the context of the rule of law and ethics. It aims to fill a gap in the literature by establishing the conceptual parameters for ‘elective dictatorship’ and ‘partisan Politics’, and argues that when both are used to undermine the judiciary, the court has a duty to depart from traditional norms. It further recommends that courts assess any legislation enacted by the government and Parliament against the rule of law, morality, and ethics. Keywords: Elective Dictatorship; Partisan Politics; Ethics; Rule of Law; Parliamentary Sovereignty.
The Pragmatic Impact of Grammatical Structures in Courtroom Interpretation and Translation
Authors: o’Nyangeri Akungah , Omboga J. Zaja , Habwe John
Published: September 2024

Courtroom interpretation and translation require a nuanced understanding of not only vocabulary but also the pragmatic impact of grammatical structures. This paper examines the pragmatic impact of grammatical structures on interpretations in the Kisii Law Courts. Using data collected from actual proceedings, the paper analyzes how seemingly minor grammatical differences can have significant consequences for the accuracy and fairness of the legal process. By applying Mey's (2001) Pragmatic Act Theory (PAT), we analyze how modal verbs, passive voice and nominalisation function within the context of the courtroom, influencing the interpretation of witness testimonies, judge's instructions, and lawyer's arguments. Specifically, we explore the use of passive voice within the context of PAT, analyzing how these choices interact with the social context and speaker intention. We will also examine the pragmatic effects of passivisation on agency, responsibility, and the focus of witness testimony, examining how they shape the understanding of events and culpability. It is crucial for court interpreters and translators to accurately convey the intended meaning and effects of pragmatic acts in court proceedings. Keywords: Pragmatic Act Theory, court interpretation and translation, passive voice, nominalisation, modal verbs
Employment Relationship, Emergency Situations, Formal Models of ‘Emergency’ Labour Law - Outline of Main Issues
Authors: Maniewska Eliza
Published: September 2024

The study presented in the paper is concerned with a formal (theoretical and legal) model of regulations dedicated to the normalisation of employment relationships in emergency situations (states). By an ‘emergency situation’ the authoress means ‘overall exceptional circumstances caused by special, rare events, unforeseen in an accepted time perspective, in which someone or something was (is) at a certain time’. Until the outbreak of Covid-19, the subject matter of legal regulation of employment relationships in connection with the occurrence of emergency situations has not been given much thought (in our legal circle). This is also relevant to emergencies other than epidemics (warfare, natural disasters, force majeure, etc.). Insofar as research has been conducted to date, it rather focused on substantive and legal aspects of the regulations implemented in connection with the occurrence of such events, while any broader reflection on their formal and legal model has not been conducted. For this reason, in this paper, the authoress has firstly advanced a thesis that a distinction needs to be made between substantive and formal and legal models for the regulation of employment relationships in emergency situations, and secondly an attempt has been made to answer the question of which formal models can be distinguished in this context, what criteria should be used in this endeavour and how, on this basis, the distinguished models should be assessed. The authoress puts forward a thesis that formal models of ‘emergency’ labour law are closely linked to the concern to uphold the elementary democratic standards which should be respected by the law regardless of whether it relates to ‘ordinary’ or extraordinary situations. The research is primarily based on an analytical and linguistic, analytical and logical, dogmatic and legal, and descriptive method. It is conducted mainly on the example of the regulations of the Polish law and the decision of the Polish legislator taken in connection with the Covid-19 outbreak in relation to the method for the regulation of employment relationships during the period covered by it. However, the context of international (convention) regulations is also referred to. The authoress proposes to distinguish three basic formal models for the regulation of employment relationships in emergency situations: the permanent model, the mixed model and the ad hoc model. She concludes that, taking into account both the need for a relative flexibility in legal regulation and the need to maintain the elementary standards of a democratic state of law (primarily a guarantee that the applied legal solutions can be subjected to social discussion and dialogue between social partners), the mixed model should be considered as the most optimal. Keywords: Formal model of ‘emergency’ law; Emergency state; Emergency situation; ‘Emergency’ labour law; Employer’s risk
PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTING SEMI-AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS INCLUDING A FORCE FEEDBACK LOOP
Authors: Brich Ivan , Sheptunov Sergey
Published: September 2024

The issues of force-torque sensing in semi-automatic systems are considered. The paper describes the main control principles in ergatic systems from the viewpoint of automatic control theory, considers a method for improving the control quality by introducing additional feedback for the operator. The work proposes force-torque sensing as the most promising feedback channel for the implementation, describes the relevance of this channel in the fulfilled automatic control systems, gives examples. A description of the feedback loop for the efforts on the manipulator’s working element is given. The work highlights the following as the main problems in implementing the considered semi-automatic systems: the kinematic chain influence, filtering and delay, gravity compensation, as well as the problem of the natural feedback loop.
Simulation and Economical Analysis of Hydro-Nd Process for the Recovery of Rare Earth from End-of-Life Permanent Magnets: NEW-RE and INSPIREE projects
Authors: Romano Pietro , Rahmati Soroush , Passadoro Marco , Taglieri Luca , Fratocchi Luciano , Gallo Francesco , Veglio Francesco
Published: September 2024

The growing demand for rare earth elements (REEs) and sustainable development issues have made the REEs recovery from permanent magnets (PMs) attract the attention of many researchers in the last decade. The NEW-RE and INSPIREE projects have been introduced to evaluate the recovery of REE elements from permanent magnets on a pilot and industrial scale. In this research, the economic aspect of the mentioned projects was performed using SuperPro software. The main aim of the work is to highlight the critical aspects of the process for a targeted optimization. The results showed that the CAPEX and OPEX for treating 3,600 tons/year of permanent magnets are 9 and 110 million euros, respectively, and an EBITDA of 4.8 million euros can be achieved (payback period less than two years). In the economic model, the cost of spent PMs was considered equal to 50% of its REEs value (14,251 €/ton). Also, it was found that the main OPEX costs are raw materials (65%) and energy (16%), respectively. It needs to be pointed out that the maximum price of permanent magnets can be 15,230 €/ton (BEP).
Uncovering Reflective Practices of Educators In Teaching and Learning Process: a Phenomenological Study from Elementary School in The Philippines
Authors: Abelilla Eleanor Tandang
Published: September 2024

Recent PISA results consistently show that 15-year-old students in the Philippines are five (5) to six (6) years behind in critical competencies, including mathematics, science, and reading—issues that predate the pandemic. Given teachers' enormous influence on students' academic success, the efficacy of their teaching tactics is becoming increasingly important. The advent of the epidemic and adjusting to a new normal posed significant hurdles to established information transfer techniques. This study investigates the reflective practices of educators at Los Baños Central Elementary School, Philippines, analyzing the evolution of these practices across three key periods: pre-pandemic, during the pandemic, and in the post-pandemic "new normal." It further examines the integration of three distinct learning modalities employed during the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 academic years. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of ongoing reflection by educators on their instructional methods to more effectively meet the needs of their students. Using a transcendental phenomenological methodology, the researchers conducted in-depth interviews with seven (7) educators, resulting in the identification and analysis of major themes in their responses. Through the data collection process, this study revealed that, despite numerous challenges encountered during the pandemic, educators effectively managed the crisis by engaging in reflective practices to enhance their teaching methods. The findings underscore the pivotal role of reflective practices in advancing the teaching-learning process and improving student academic performance.
Inquiry into Teachers' and Parents' Experiences of Radio-Based Instruction and Modular Distance Learning in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Raguini Joyce V.
Published: September 2024

This study examines the perspectives and experiences of educators and caregivers regarding radio-based instruction (RBI) and modular distance learning (MDL) in early childhood education. Semi-structured interviews with 10 parents and 6 kindergarten teachers in the Bay Sub-Office, Laguna, Philippines revealed significant challenges in access to technology, parental involvement, and socio-emotional development of learners. The findings underscore the need for clear instructional guidance and accessible resources. The study concludes that guardians’ participation, engagement, instructional clarity, and material accessibility are crucial for effective remote learning. As a result, the RADIO model and a comprehensive course outline were developed to address these needs, emphasizing resilience, collaboration, and inclusivity. Recommendations include enhancing technological infrastructure to ensure equitable access, implementing customized parental education programs, integrating socio-emotional learning (SEL) into the curriculum, providing targeted professional development for educators, and establishing continuous research and evaluation mechanisms to adapt strategies effectively. These recommendations foster an inclusive and dynamic educational ecosystem, enhance early childhood education and ensure quality remote learning experiences.
HUBUNGAN PERSONAL HYGIENE DENGAN PENYEMBUHAN LUKA PERINEUM PADA IBU NIFAS DI WILAYAH KERJA UPT PUSKESMAS KARAMAT T KAB. BOL
Authors: Hasnidar Hasnidar , Fitriani Fitriani , Sulaeman Sulaeman , Tahir Muhammad , Laela Nur
Published: September 2024

Masa nifas dimulai setelah plasenta lahir dan berakhir ketika alat-alat kandungan kembali seperti keadaan sebelum hamil berlangsung selama 6 minggu atau 42 hari. Asuhan kebidanan masa nifas adalah untuk menghindari/mendeteksi adanya kemungkinan perdarahan post partum dan infeksi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara personal hygiene dengan penyembuhan luka perineum pada ibu nifas di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Karamat. Metode penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain retrospektif. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 38 orang dilakukan pada tanggal 19 Agustus - 19 September 2023. Tekhnik pengambilan sampel adalah total sampling. Analisis bivariat menggunakan Uji Fisher’s Exact diperoleh nilai p-value = 0,000 (p<0,05). Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan personal hygiene dengan penyembuhan luka perineum di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Karamat. Kesimpulan : Ada hubungan personal hygiene dengan penyembuhan luka perineum. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil Uji Fisher’s Exact diperoleh nilai p-value = 0,000 (p<0,05). Saran : Lebih meningkatkan mutu pelayanan sehingga dapat memberikan pelayanan yang lebih luas jangkuannya, termasuk pelayanan kesehatan pada ibu nifas atau dengan memberikan penyuluhan mengenai personal hygiene melalui KIE.
 
Kata Kunci : Ibu nifas, Personal Hygiene, Penyembuhan luka perineum.
ОСНОВНІ НАПРЯМИ У РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ФІЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: Блавт Оксана , Герасименко Олександр , Гуртова Тетяна
Published: September 2024

У статті розглянуто питання реорганізації змісту фізичного виховання здобувачів вищої освіти у ході навчання у закладі вищої освіти в умовах воєнного стану. З’ясовано, що зміна акцентів у реалізації фізичного виховання здобувачів вищої освіти є вкрай актуальним питанням, скерованим на їхнє здоров'язбереження. Виявлено, що засобами фізичної культури забезпечується усунення значної кількості негативних процесів, що спричиняють відхилення від тієї норми, якою фахівці сьогодні характеризують здоров’я. Метою дослідження є окреслення основних напрямів у реалізації фізичного виховання здобувачів вищої освіти в умовах воєнного стану. Досліджено, що результатом фізичного виховання у нових освітніх реаліях повинно стати таке: усвідомлення у необхідності в самостійних систематичних заняттях, вироблення методики таких занять й розробки необхідних програм. З’ясовано, що заняття із фізичного виховання мають бути розширені за рахунок використання комплексів вправ м'язової релаксації, дихальних вправ, танцювальної гімнастики, Йоги та самостійної рухової активності. За результатами дослідження розширено наукові дані щодо напрямів у реалізації фізичного виховання здобувачів вищої освіти в умовах воєнного стану так, щоб за допомогою арсеналу фізичної активності вирішити низку нагальних питань їхнього здоров’язбереження. Вважаємо, що таке може включати адаптацію уже існуючих засобів фізичного виховання до викликів сучасності й аж до створення окремих видів фізкультурної діяльності. Загалом, зважаючи на непересічне значення в період воєнного стану фізичного виховання здобувачів вищої освіти, яке забезпечує формування здатності особистості до саморегуляції, забезпечуючи підтримку балансу у відновлені особистісних ресурсів в умовах частих тривог, постійної психологічної напруги, небезпеки, пов’язаної з діями держави-агресора, основні напрямів у реалізації фізичного виховання здобувачів вищої освіти в умовах воєнного стану, полягають у модифікації цього процесу задля задоволення вимог сьогодення.
Mathematical Model of FWE Branching Type with Effect on Energy
Authors: Farhan Tabark
Published: September 2024

: Mathematical modeling is one of the most important topics in teaching mathematics and converting real world problems into mathematical formulas in order to solve them. In this research we will take the behavior of lateral branching, tib-tib anostomosis with its effect on the energy of the growth of fungi. We will use the system of equations (PDEs) to solve a mathematical model and we will use mathematical techniques in order to reach the solution using non-dimensionality, stability, traveling wave, and numerical solution and use computer programs to facilitate the solution, including the Maple program, the MATLAB program, use Pdep code and the pplane7 code.
Mathematical Model of Fungal Growth with Hyphae Death and Substrate
Authors: Mariam Saady Hassan
Published: September 2024

One of the most crucial subjects in mathematics education is mathematical modeling, which involves connecting situations from the real world to mathematical formulas and vice versa. Our study will focus on how substrate affects fungal growth and lateral branching behaviors, hyphal death, and tip death due to overcrowding. In order to solve a mathematical model, we will employ the system's three-dimensional of equations  (PDEs). using numerical solutions, traveling wave theory, stability, and non-dimensionality in our mathematical approach as well as we use trace and determine to find stable states.Computer programs, such as the Maple program and Pdep code in MATLAB, will also be used to aid in the solution process.
Isolation and Diagnosis of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Patients with Meningitis in Child Protection Hospital in Baghdad
Authors: Majid Mukhlif Rafal
Published: September 2024

Environmental contamination has been estimated to account for up to 20% of all hospital-acquired illnesses. Acinetobacter baumannii has recently become the predominant pathogen, posing a significant risk to human health. In present study,  two hundred fifteen CSF samples were collected from children between the ages of new born to 14 years who were visiting child protection hospital in Baghdad. For the period from first of Oct 2023 to the end of Jan 2024, and the samples were sent for diagnosis. Isolates were identified after culturing them on MacConkey agar, blood agar, and mannitol salt agar. A number of biochemical tests were performed to detect Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria. The results indicated a negative oxidase reaction, a positive catalase reaction, a negative indole reaction, a negative methyl red reaction, a negative Voges-Proskauer reaction, and a positive citrate reaction, which were performed for the samples and for final diagnosis the Vitek-2 Compact system was used. After cultivation and diagnosis, 7 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were obtained out of 40 samples that showed positive culture results with bacterial growth.
In Vivo Evaluation of The Hepatotoxic Disorders of Tributyltin Low Doses in Male Rats
Authors: M. Neamah Asmaa
Published: September 2024

Tributyltin (TBT) has been used widely for over 60 years as a pesticidal, preservation, rodent repellent, water-repellant coating, corrosion inhibitor, flame-resistant polyester, and household product. Previous research has demonstrated the toxicity of high doses of TBT, but there is insufficient data on the effects of relevant levels of TBT on at low doses. The main goal of this thesis is to recognize the hepatotoxicity of Sublethal doses of TBT chloride (10-2000 µg/Kg body weight) in male rats for 45 days. TBT induced hepatic induction of oxidative stress as indicated by increasing levels of TBARS and 8-OHdG, induction of hepatic inflammation as indicated by the elevated NF-B levels; inhibition of hepatic expression of PGC-1α and impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis, induction of SREBP-1c and induce hepatic lipogenesis and fatty liver, and distortion of hepatic structure at histological level in a dose-dependent manner significantly at doses higher than 250 µg/kg. In conclusion: the TBT at low doses can induce hepatotoxicity at different levels.
Study the Effect of IL-1beta on Thyroid Hormones Levels in Women with Hypo- and Hyperthyroidism in the City of Ramadi
Authors: Khudhair Nagam
Published: September 2024

Thyroiditis is a medical condition of particular concern due to its diverse causes, including autoimmune factors, drug-induced inflammatory causes or fibrotic process, the most common of which is thyroiditis and includes hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The study aimed to measure interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and compare it with the studied groups and the hormones TSH, T3, T4 and their relationship with IL-1β.
     The study included investigating the relationship between IL-1β and thyroid patients in females aged between (18-60) in the city of Ramadi as well as knowing the relationship between thyroid hormones (TSH, T4, T3) and IL-1β. 45 samples were collected from Ramadi Teaching Hospital. The current study showed that there was a significant increase in the level of IL-1β compared to the control group in hypothyroid patients at a significant level (P≤0.05), which was (2.3497ng/dl). There were no significant differences in the level of IL-1β in patients with hyperthyroidism at a significant level (P≤0.05), which was (ng/dl 2.0690) compared to the control group. The study showed that there is an inverse relationship between TSH and IL-1β (0.858) and a positive relationship between T4 and IL-1β (0.809) .We conclude from the study that interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) has an effect on the thyroid gland, especially hypothyroidism, as it showed a highly significant increase in IL-1β in patients with hypothyroidism and no significant differences in IL-1β, as IL-1β affects thyroid hormones
Phenotypic Analysis and Antibiogram of Oral Infections-Causing Bacteria Isolated from Dental Patients
Authors: Al-Shabaki Noor Reda Zainal
Published: September 2024

Oral infections are commonly observed in individuals and frequently result in enduring inflammatory
states that impact the teeth, such as caries, the gingival tissues surrounding the teeth, including gingivitis and
endodontic lesions, as well as the structures that provide support to the teeth, such as periodontitis. A total of 100
clinical samples were collected from patients with various oral infections. The individuals in the study encompassed
a wide range of ages, ranged from 9 to 70 years, over the timeframe between October 2023 and December 2023. Fifty
pathogenic bacterial strains were obtained from specimens of clinical origin, with the genus Streptococcus accounting
for 27 of these isolates, representing 54% of the total, the highest proportion observed among all specie. The
specimens were identified through the examination of cultural and microscopic features, in addition to being
confirmed using the Vitek2 system for species-level diagnosis. The multidrug-resistant isolates exhibited resistance
to various antibiotics including Erythromycin (100%) classified under the Macrolide group, Cefotaxime (100%),
Cefepime (100%), Ceftriaxone (100%), and Penicillin (96.29%) which falls under the βeta-Lactam category.
Additionally, resistance was also observed against Clindamycin (92.59%) which is categorized as a Lincosamide
antibiotic. In the susceptibility testing of antibiotics, Augmentin demonstrated the highest level of activity among the
tested molecules, thereby affirming its overall efficacy against oral streptococci. Additionally, Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and Ampicillin exhibited favorable activity, while Vancomycin also demonstrated effectiveness
against oral streptococci.
Biofilm Production Activity and Antibiotics Susceptibility of Streptococcus mutans Isolates from Patients with Dental Caries
Authors: Al-Bayadli Ayaat Nasser Wali
Published: September 2024

Dental caries, a prevalent chronic infectious ailment, commences with the adherence of cariogenic bacteria to the teeth, particularly Streptococcus mutans. These microorganisms utilize sugars to produce acid, resulting in the gradual demineralization of the dental structure. Streptococcus mutans a gram positive bacterium is found to play the most significant role in the dental caries in terms of being the earliest colonizer in the formation of caries. The current research focuses on the isolation and identification of the Streptococcus mutans pathogen in individuals affected by dental caries. The isolated strains were cultured on specific media, with one hundred samples of dental caries obtained from human teeth. Among these samples, fifty were identified as positive bacterial isolates utilizing MS-agar (Mitist Salivares agar), with ten isolates categorized under the group Streptococci and twenty isolates identified as S. mutans. Identification of bacterial isolates was carried out based on morphological and cultural characteristics, biochemical tests, and VITEK-II. Additionally, an antibiogram assay was conducted to assess the susceptibility and resistance of the pathogen to various drugs. The findings revealed that all locally isolated S. mutans strains displayed 100% resistance to Cefepime, while showing different levels of resistance and susceptibility to other antibiotics such as Doxycycline, Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Vancomycin, Tetracycline, Ampicillin, and Meropenem. In this study, ELISA was employed to differentiate between Streptococcus. mutans isolates that produced biofilms and those that did not by utilizing the optical density at 630 nm. Bacterial biofilms contribute to chronic diseases that pose challenges in treatment. Twenty distinct isolates were evaluated for their biofilm-forming capabilities, with 9 (45%) identified as strong biofilm producers, 7 (35%) classified as moderate biofilm producers, and 4 (20%) categorized as weak biofilm producers
Serological Detection of Human Parvovirus B19 in Thalassemia Patients of Wasit Province
Authors: Al.Bayati H.A.M Al.Bayati H.A.M , Hanan Kareem Juber Hanan Kareem Juber
Published: September 2024

Human ParvovirusB19 is nonenvelope single-strand DNA virussfrom a family of Parvoviridae that cause infections in human, it is related strongly to  thalassemia. This case control (cross  sectional) aged between (5-40) study was carried out in Al-Kut teaching hospital in Al-Iraq.  The populations of our study included 120 patients samples with thalassemia infected by Human Parvovirus B19 in blood transfusion patients 64 male and 56 female and ELISA test was done. The positive cases was recorded according to enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test(ELISA)  as apercentage of cases related to the main characterstics of patients, current study data has been indicated as following:  in a total of 120  patients sample with thalassemia were included in this study,  ELISA  positive cases were  13 (10.8%), 6 (5%),  2 (1.7%) and 0 (0%) in the age groups (5-15), (16-25), (26-35) and (36-45) respectively. Male was more prevalent (14 (11.7%), than female (7 (5.8%),  So as to records of major type in comparision to intermediate 15 (12.5%) and 6 (5%).
Prevalence of Some Causes of Acne Vulgaris and Susceptibility to Antibiotics Against Pathogenic Bacteria in Wasit Province
Authors: Alsaidi Rusol
Published: September 2024

Acne vulgaris is an achronic inflammatory disease in adolescents. Staphylococcus epidermidis (S.epidermidis) and staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)  are the most aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that cause acne S.epidermidis is Gram-positive, cocci, facultative aerobic, and coagulase-negative group (CON) of  Staphylococci isolated in contrast S.aureus which characterized by present of coagulase tow type of pathogens are cultured on blood agar under aerobically. Since the bacteria can form a biofilm to resist antibiotics, the current study aims to investigate the effect of selected antibiotic acne on the pathogens bacteria to avoid resistance by misuse and/or overuse of the drug. Through this accurate study, the skin samples were obtained from acne lesions from a different site (face, shoulder, back, chest) of a total of 105  patients with acne vulgaris attending the Iraqi Dermatology Clinic at AL-Karama Teaching Hospital in Al-Kut province and  41(74.5%) S. epidermidis and 3(5,5%) S. aureus were the results of aerobic culture, The accurate study was done between July 2023 to February 2024, Samples were cultured on Blood agar, identify the bacteria was performed by staining with Gram stain and trade vitek2 system, antibiotic susceptibility test was done and based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2023.
    Additionally, biofilm assay using microtiter plate assay MPA, the results of 41(74.5%) S.epidermidis isolates were 24(58.5%) strong,9(22%) moderate,4(9.8%) weak, and only 4(9.8%) non formed. In comparison, all 3(100%) S. aureus were moderate. In the actual study, the results of antibiotic susceptibility detected that all 41(100%) isolates of S. epidermidis were resistant to ceftazidime, amoxicillin, vancomycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and penicillin, followed by while all 41(100%) isolates were susceptible to doxycycline followed by 37(90%) sensitive to rifampin,  29 (70.7%)  ciprofloxacin, and 8 (68.3%) sensitive to azithromycin. Furthermore, all cases of S. aureus (100%) were resistant to ceftazidime, azithromycin, amoxicillin, vancomycin, ampicillin, gentamycin, and penicillin. Conversely, all isolates (100%) were sensitive to doxycycline and clindamycin; however, only 2(66.7%) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. While (100%) intermediate to rifampin, erythromycin,  and tetracycline.
Enhancing Farm Household Income Through Efficient Arabica Coffee Cultivation In Simalungun, North Sumatera
Authors: Tri Martial  , Ummu Harmain  , Ahmad Rizki Harahap  , Mitra Musika  , Muhammad Arief Tirtana
Published: September 2024

North Sumatera is the largest producer of arabica coffee in Indonesia with 29%. However, coffee farmers are always faced with various field problems such as high fertilizer prices, declining production and various traditional cultivation practices that cause low productivity levels. So that in maintaining overall cropping it is necessary to know the efficiency of farm management with efficient coffee management it can increase farmer income, improve the quality of life of farmers, absorb labor, reduce costs and create a sustainable system. The method used in this research is to use the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to determine the efficient value and the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model to determine the efficient influence. The results of this research with the DEA model show that from a total of 133 respondents, the inefficient value is 51%, low efficient 25%, medium efficient 13%, and low efficient 11%. While the OLS model shows that the total cost and total income of farmers can significantly affect the efficiency value, the total production of farmers has no influence on the efficiency value. The research findings imply that improving efficiency requires modernizing technology to overcome traditional management such as the use of superior seeds and fertilizer inputs to increase land production. It also requires the support of relevant policies and institutions that are able to guarantee the availability of production facilities such as superior seeds and fertilizers that are easily available to farmers at affordable prices.