bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The voltage‐gated sodium channel NaV1.7 underlies endometriosis‐associated chronic pelvic pain
Authors: Castro Joel , Maddern Jessica , Chow Chun Yuen , Tran Poanna , Vetter Irina , King Glenn F. , Brierley Stuart M.
Published: February 2023

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is the primary symptom of endometriosis patients, but adequate treatments are lacking. Modulation of ion channels expressed by sensory nerves innervating the viscera has shown promise for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and overactive bladder. However, similar approaches for endometriosis‐associated CPP remain underdeveloped. Here, we examined the role of the voltage‐gated sodium (NaV) channel NaV1.7 in (i) the sensitivity of vagina‐innervating sensory afferents and investigated whether (ii) NaV1.7 inhibition reduces nociceptive signals from the vagina and (iii) ameliorates endometriosis‐associated CPP. The mechanical responsiveness of vagina‐innervating sensory afferents was assessed with ex vivo single‐unit recording preparations. Pain evoked by vaginal distension (VD) was quantified by the visceromotor response (VMR) in vivo. In control mice, pharmacological activation of NaV1.7 with OD1 sensitised vagina‐innervating pelvic afferents to mechanical stimuli. Using a syngeneic mouse model of endometriosis, we established that endometriosis sensitised vagina‐innervating pelvic afferents to mechanical stimuli. The highly selective NaV1.7 inhibitor Tsp1a revealed that this afferent hypersensitivity occurred in a NaV1.7‐dependent manner. Moreover, in vivo intra‐vaginal treatment with Tsp1a reduced the exaggerated VMRs to VD which is characteristic of mice with endometriosis. Conversely, Tsp1a did not alter ex vivo afferent mechanosensitivity nor in vivo VMRs to VD in Sham control mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that NaV1.7 plays a crucial role in endometriosis‐induced vaginal hyperalgesia. Importantly, NaV1.7 inhibition selectively alleviated endometriosis‐associated CPP without the loss of normal sensation, suggesting that selective targeting of NaV1.7 could improve the quality of life of women with endometriosis.

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New onset MDA‐5 positive dermatomyositis and massive perivillous fibrin deposition in third trimester of pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Krones Charlotte , Vu Mi , Popp Benjamin , Scardamaglia Laura
Published: February 2023

We report a case of a 42‐year‐old woman (Gravida 1, Para 1) who presented in her third trimester of pregnancy with a photo distributed eruption and arthralgias and was subsequently diagnosed with dermatomyositis. She had an emergency Caesarean section at 34 weeks plus 6 days gestation due to decreased fetal movements and non‐reassuring fetal heart rate. Her placenta was sent for histopathology and showed features of massive perivillous fibrin deposition. To our knowledge, this is the first case of MDA‐5 positive dermatomyositis in pregnancy with a live delivery.
Evaluation of the relationship between GOHAI, MNA and the dental hygiene of using denture wearers for older patients
Authors: Erdinç Gülbahar , Yiğit Elif
Published: February 2023

Background

The use of removable dentures increase due to tooth loss that occurs with ageing. The relationship between age, use of removable dentures and nutrition is important.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of the GOHAI, the MNA, and the dental hygiene of older patients using dental prostheses.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study of people over 65 who used removable prostheses in at least one jaw (partial or complete denture) for a minimum of 6 months (n = 120). The data were collected using questionnaires of a qualified examiner and oral clinical tests with interviewers in person. The subjects' nutritional status was assessed by a Turkish version of the mini nutritional assessment (MNA). GOHAI questionnaire was used to evaluate those aspects considered to have an impact on the quality of life of the older population, such as functional limitation, aesthetic dissatisfaction, chewing discomfort, avoidance of particular food, out‐of‐social contacts and self‐medication administered for dental pain.

Results

There was no statistically significant correlation between the GOHAI score and sociodemographic and intraoral data (p > .050). A negative correlation was found between age and MNA. A statistically significant difference was found between the MNA score's median values according to the participant's education level, type of prosthesis, and marital status (p < .050). Good was determined as the highest GOHAI category with 54%.

Conclusion

There is a negative correlation between age and MNA. The risk of malnutrition increases with age. Since the oral condition also affects the patient's systemic condition, the team caring for geriatric patients must bring these people to the maximum level of life in a multidisciplinary manner.
Self‐reported sleep bruxism and mortality in 1990–2020 in a nationwide twin cohort
Authors: Ahlberg Jari , Lobbezoo Frank , Manfredini Daniele , Piirtola Maarit , Hublin Christer , Kaprio Jaakko
Published: February 2023

Background

The association of sleep bruxism with mortality has not been studied.

Objectives

Altogether 12 040 subjects from the nationwide Finnish twin cohort were included in the analyses. We examined whether self‐reported sleep bruxism is associated with increased risk of mortality, and if so, whether the effect is independent of known common risk factors. The time span of the follow‐up was 30 years.

Methods

Cox proportional hazards regression models (Hazard Ratios and their 95% Confidence Intervals) adjusted by age, sex and covariates were used to assess the effect of baseline bruxism status in 1990 on future mortality in 1990–2020.

Results

The risk of mortality among all participants (n = 12 040), independent of missing covariates and adjusted by age and sex, was 40% higher in weekly bruxers than in never bruxers (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.16–1.68, p < .001). However, when adjusted by all studied covariates, (n = 11 427) the risk was no longer observed (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.86–1.25, p = .717). Despite the overall lack of between bruxism and mortality after adjustment for covariates, we examined the cause‐specific risks for major cause‐of‐death groups. There were no substantial associations of weekly bruxism with major disease outcomes by the fully adjusted hazard ratios for them.

Conclusion

Bruxism does not kill—in line with its definition of being rather a behaviour (with all its phenotypes) than a disease.
Comparison of the triglyceride glucose index and modified triglyceride glucose indices in assessing periodontitis in Korean adults
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Jeong , Lee Ji‐Won , Kim Sue , Kwon Yu‐Jin
Published: February 2023

Background

Periodontal diseases are closely connected with insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome. The Triglyceride Glucose Index (TyG) assesses IR, and recently, a few indices combining TyG and body composition have emerged with higher IR predictive performance than TyG alone. We aimed to examine which TyG‐related parameters are most helpful in predicting the risk of periodontal disease.

Methods

From 2013 to 2015, data were collected through the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Periodontitis was defined using the Community Periodontal Index. TyG‐body mass index (BMI), TyG‐waist circumference (WC), and TyG‐waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) were calculated by multiplying TyG index score by BMI, WC, and WHtR, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to estimate areas under the curve (AUC).

Results

Compared to each reference quartile (Q)1, Q4 of the TyG index, TyG‐BMI, TyG‐WC, and TyG‐WHtR were significantly associated with a higher risk of periodontitis after adjusting for confounders (OR, 95% CI; 1.23, 1.01–1.49 for TyG; 1.63, 1.22–2.17 for TyG‐BMI; 1.37, 1.04–1.81 for TyG‐WC; and 1.53, 1.16–2.02 for TyG‐WHtR). The AUC and 95% CIs of TyG, TyG‐BMI, TyG‐WC, and TyG‐WHtR in predicting periodontitis were 0.609 (0.600–0.617), 0.605 (0.596–0.617), 0.629 (0.621–0.637), and 0.636 (0.628–0.644), respectively (all p < .001).

Conclusions

TyG, TyG‐BMI, TyG‐WC, and TyG‐WHtR appear to be significantly associated with the prevalence of periodontitis. Among the TyG and modified TyG indices, TyG‐WHtR exhibited the highest predictive performance for periodontitis.
Effect of sirolimus on insulin dynamics in horses
Authors: de Tonnerre Demia J. , Medina Torres Carlos E. , Stefanovski Darko , Robinson Mary A. , Kemp Kate L. , Bertin François‐René , van Eps Andrew W.
Published: February 2023

Background

Sirolimus, a mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitor, suppresses insulin production in other species and has therapeutic potential for hyperinsulinemia in horses.

Hypothesis/Objective

Determine the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of sirolimus and evaluate its effect on insulin dynamics in healthy and insulin dysregulation (ID) horses.

Animals

Eight Standardbred geldings.

Methods

A PK study was performed followed by a placebo‐controlled, randomized, crossover study. Blood sirolimus concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography‐mass‐spectrometry. PK indices were estimated by fitting a 2‐compartment model using nonlinear least squares regression. An oral glucose test (OGT) was conducted before and 4, 24, 72, and 144 hours after administration of sirolimus or placebo. Effects of time, treatment and animal on blood glucose and insulin concentrations were analyzed using mixed‐effects linear regression. Sirolimus was then administered to 4 horses with dexamethasone‐induced ID and an OGT was performed at baseline, after ID induction and after 7 days of treatment.

Results

Median (range) maximum sirolimus concentration was 277.0 (247.5‐316.06) ng/mL at 5 (5‐10) min and half‐life was 3552 (3248‐4767) min. Mean (range) oral bioavailability was 9.5 (6.8‐12.4)%. Sirolimus had a significant effect on insulin concentration 24 hours after a single dose: median (interquartile range) insulin at 60 min (5.0 [3.7‐7.0] μIU/mL) was 37 (−5 to 54)% less than placebo (8.7 [5.8‐13.7] μIU/mL, P = .03); and at 120 min (10.2 [8.4‐12.2] μIU/mL) was 28 (−15 to 53)% less than placebo (14.9 [8.4‐24.8] μIU/mL, P = .02). There was minimal effect on glucose concentration. Insulin responses decreased toward baseline in ID horses after 7 days of treatment.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Sirolimus decreased the insulinemic response to glucose and warrants further investigation.
Digital lamellar inflammatory signaling in an experimental model of equine preferential weight bearing
Authors: Burns Teresa A. , Watts Mauria R. , Belknap James K. , van Eps Andrew W.
Published: February 2023

Background

Supporting limb laminitis (SLL) is a complication of severe orthopedic disease in horses and is often life‐limiting, yet the pathophysiology remains obscure.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To investigate the role of digital lamellar inflammatory signaling in the pathophysiology of SLL using a model of unilateral weight bearing, hypothesizing that there would be evidence of lamellar inflammation in limbs subjected to the model.

Animals

Thirteen healthy adult Standardbred horses were used for this study (11 geldings, 2 mares; mean age 6.5 ± 2.5 years; mean body weight 458.3 ± 32.8 kg).

Methods

Randomized controlled experimental study. A steel shoe with a custom insert was applied to a randomly selected front foot of 7 horses; 6 horses were unshod and served as controls. After 92 hours, all horses were humanely euthanized, and digital lamellar samples were collected. Lamellar protein and mRNA were isolated and used to perform western blot and PCR.

Results

Lamellar concentrations of IL‐6 mRNA were higher in SL tissue than IL HIND tissue (median [25%‐75%] normalized copy number 191 [111‐3060] and 48 [25‐74], respectively; P=.003), and lamellar concentrations of COX‐2 mRNA were higher in SL tissue than CON tissue (normalized copy number 400 [168‐634] and 125 [74‐178], respectively; P=.007). Lamellar concentrations of IL‐1B, IL‐10, and COX‐1 mRNA were not significantly different between groups. The concentrations of phosphorylated (activated) STAT1 and STAT3 proteins were higher in SL (0.5 [0.35‐0.87] and 1.35 [1.1‐1.7], respectively) compared to CON (0.24 [0.09‐0.37] and 0.31 [0.16‐037]) and UL HIND (0.27 [0.19‐0.37] and 0.38 [0.24‐0.5]); P=0.01 and P<0.001.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Lamellar inflammatory signaling was higher in tissue from horses subjected to prolonged unilateral weight‐bearing, suggesting that these pathways could be relevant to the pathophysiology of SLL.
Mineralogical alteration of a type A CAI from Allende CV3 chondrite: Formation of secondary dmisteinbergite and its phase transition to anorthite
Authors: Enokido Yuma , Nakamura Tomoki , Matsumoto Megumi , Miyake Akira , Shibuya Takazo , Park Changkun , Zolensky Mike
Published: February 2023

Dmisteinbergite, a hexagonal form of CaAl2Si2O8, was found in a compact type A Ca‐Al‐rich inclusion (CAI) in the Allende CV3 chondrite. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations show that dmisteinbergite was always in contact with grossular and grossular was in contact with melilite. In addition, there is a crystallographic relationship between dmisteinbergite and anorthite. Based on the textural and crystallographic evidence, the following mineralogical alteration processes are proposed to have occurred in the CAI. (1) Melilite was replaced by grossular. High densities of vesicles in the grossular indicate that hydrogrossular might have been the primary alteration phase and dehydrated by later metamorphism. (2) Dmisteinbergite formed from (hydro)grossular through a reaction with Si‐rich fluid. (3) Nano‐sized minerals are formed within dmisteinbergite. (4) Dmisteinbergite was transformed to anorthite. (5) Both anorthite and dmisteinbergite were altered to nepheline. (6) Hydrogrossular was dehydrated to grossular. (Hydro)grossular, dmisteinbergite, anorthite, and nepheline in the CAI seem to have formed in the course of metasomatism that occurred in the Allende parent body. Except for the hydrogrossular dehydration, these reactions could have occurred at moderate temperature (200–250°C) in high pH fluids (pH 13–14) according to past experimental studies. Episodic changes in fluid composition seem to have occurred before reactions (2), (4), and (5), because these reactions were not completed before the next reaction started. Higher temperature is required for reactions (5) and (6) to occur. Our observation of the CAI suggests that it experienced multiple episodes of metasomatism as temperatures were rising in the Allende parent asteroid.
The Mba1 homologue of Trypanosoma brucei is involved in the biogenesis of oxidative phosphorylation complexes
Authors: Wenger Christoph , Harsman Anke , Niemann Moritz , Oeljeklaus Silke , von Känel Corinne , Calderaro Salvatore , Warscheid Bettina , Schneider André
Published: February 2023

Consistent with other eukaryotes, the Trypanosoma brucei mitochondrial genome encodes mainly hydrophobic core subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system. These proteins must be co‐translationally inserted into the inner mitochondrial membrane and are synthesized by the highly unique trypanosomal mitoribosomes, which have a much higher protein to RNA ratio than any other ribosome. Here, we show that the trypanosomal orthologue of the mitoribosome receptor Mba1 (TbMba1) is essential for normal growth of procyclic trypanosomes but redundant in the bloodstream form, which lacks an oxidative phosphorylation system. Proteomic analyses of TbMba1‐depleted mitochondria from procyclic cells revealed reduced levels of many components of the oxidative phosphorylation system, most of which belong to the cytochrome c oxidase (Cox) complex, three subunits of which are mitochondrially encoded. However, the integrity of the mitoribosome and its interaction with the inner membrane were not affected. Pull‐down experiments showed that TbMba1 forms a dynamic interaction network that includes the trypanosomal Mdm38/Letm1 orthologue and a trypanosome‐specific factor that stabilizes the CoxI and CoxII mRNAs. In summary, our study suggests that the function of Mba1 in the biogenesis of membrane subunits of OXPHOS complexes is conserved among yeast, mammals and trypanosomes, which belong to two eukaryotic supergroups.
“They Don't Look at You as a Real Muslim”: the racial exclusion of black American Muslim converts
Authors: Casey Patrick Michael
Published: February 2023

There is a growing body of research applying the insights of race theory to the experiences of Muslims in the West, including Muslim converts. Within the U.S. context, much of this research has focused on the experiences of whites, despite the fact that black Americans convert at a much higher rate and make up a considerably larger proportion of the Muslim American population. This study draws attention to the incorporation experiences of black American converts as they work to establish authentic religious identities as legitimate members of a faith community that is comprised mostly of first‐ and second‐generation immigrants. Rather than immigrant incorporation, this study is concerned with the incorporation of an indigenous population into a primarily immigrant one. Findings suggest that many black converts face difficulty being recognized as valued members of their adopted religious communities, and many report experiences of racial prejudice and discrimination.
Differential lipase virulence in Malassezia furfur dimorphism isolated from pityriasis versicolor patients and healthy individuals
Authors: Thammasit Patcharin , Laliam Angkana , Chaicumpar Kunyaluk , Pruksaphon Kritsada , Nosanchuk Joshua D. , Youngchim Sirida
Published: February 2023

Background

Malassezia furfur is a member of the human skin microbiomes that can cause various skin diseases. Dimorphism plays a role as the yeast phase predominates during skin colonisation whereas mycelial forms are observed in the scales of patients with pityriasis versicolor (PV). However, due to their condition‐dependence for growth, it is difficult to culture M. furfur and this is an additional challenge for studying the pathogenicity of this fungus.

Objective

To describe different media suitable for culturing Malassezia from the yeast phase into mycelial forms, with a particular focus on nutritional supplements and pH conditions.

Methods

Clinical M. furfur isolates from patients with PV and healthy individuals were used to investigate Malassezia dimorphism as well as the activity and expression of lipase enzymes.

Results

Our experimental media were significantly more likely to promote mycelial growth in strains from healthy individuals compared to those from patients with PV. Lipase activity was increased in the mycelial phase cells compared to yeast forms for all strains tested. Assessment of the relative transcriptional expression of lipase within M. furfur revealed that LIP‐coding genes were upregulated in mycelium relative to yeast forms for the strains tested. However, the increases in LIP3, LIP5 and LIP6 gene expressions were significantly greater in strains from healthy individuals compared to those from patients with PV.

Conclusion

Overall, this study validated effective growth conditions to study M. furfur virulence factors and demonstrated that lipase is associated with M. furfur dimorphism.
Evaluation of the effects of different composite materials and surface roughening techniques in bonding attachments of clear aligner on monolithic zirconia
Authors: Arslan Semiha , Kilinc Hamiyet
Published: February 2023

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate the bond strengths of two different composite types used in the production of clear aligner attachments on monolithic zirconia with three different surface roughening processes.

Materials and Methods

Packable composite Filtek Z250 was used in one group (PC‐G) and flowable composite Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable was used in the other group (FC‐G). PC‐G and FC‐G groups were also divided into three subgroups as diamond bur+silane (Group 1), 50 μm aluminium oxide (Al2O3) sandblasting+silane (Group 2) and 110 μm Al2O3 sandblasting+silane (Group 3). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed. Clear aligner attachments were bonded to the monolithic zirconia specimens. Shear bond strength (SBS) values were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using two‐way ANOVA and post‐hoc Tukey's tests (P < .05).

Results

The highest SBS value was found in PC‐G sandblasted with 110 μm Al2O3 (P ≤ .001). The etching method with 110 μm sandblasting showed high SBS values in both composite types. The lowest SBS value gave FC‐G in diamond bur roughening (P ≤ .001).

Conclusions

For the bonding of clear aligner attachments on monolithic zirconia, roughening with 110 μm particle size sandblasting and the choice of packable composite could be recommended in terms of retention.
A sustainable, self‐sufficient peer review algorithm for health‐related YouTube videos: A proposal
Authors: Kaval Mehmet Emin , Sarsar Fırat , Buduneli Nurcan , Güneri Pelin
Published: February 2023

YouTube has recently become one of the major sources of information in the field of health. Not only healthcare professionals but also laypersons can upload videos to YouTube and this fact creates a significant heterogeneity in the content, viewpoint, and accuracy of the available videos. Particularly, those videos presenting personal experiences and inferences on health problems may not rely on scientific evidence thus create inaccurate information. This commentary aims to propose an algorithm to improve the accuracy and reliability of health‐related YouTube videos.
Obesity and its associated factors in older nursing home residents in three European countries—Secondary data analyses from the “International Prevalence Measurement of Care Quality”
Authors: Großschädl Franziska , Schoberer Daniela , Eglseer Doris , Lohrmann Christa , Everink Irma , Gordon Adam L. , Schols Jos M. G. A. , Bauer Silvia
Published: February 2023

Background

The prevalence of obesity has risen in recent decades and reached epidemic proportions worldwide. The proportion of those living with obesity is also increasing in nursing homes. This could impact the nursing care required, equipment and facilities provided, and morbidity in these settings. Limited evidence exists on clinical consequences of obesity in nursing home residents and their care.

Objective

Therefore, the aim was to examine the rate and associated factors of obesity (BMI ≥30; class I (BMI 30.0–34.9 kg/m2), class II (BMI 35.0–39.9 kg/m2), and class III (BMI >40.0 kg/m2)) amongst older nursing home residents in European countries.

Methods

We analysed data from 21,836 people who reside in nursing homes in Austria, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. They participated in the “International Prevalence Measurement of Care Quality”, a cross sectional study between 2016 and 2019, where trained nurses interviewed the residents, reviewed care records, and conducted clinical examinations. A tested and standardised questionnaire comprised questions on demographic data, measured BMI, medical diagnosis according to ICD‐10, and care dependency. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results

Obesity rates were highest in Austria (17.1%) and lowest in the UK (13.0%) (p = .006). Residents with obesity were younger and less likely to be care dependent or living with dementia and had more often diabetes mellitus, endocrine, metabolic, and skin diseases compared to residents without obesity (p < .05). Most obese residents had obesity class I. Therefore, two subgroups were built (class I vs. class II + III). Residents with obesity class II + III were more frequently care dependent for mobility, getting dressed and undressed, and personal hygiene compared to residents with class I (p < .05).

Conclusions

This study identified several factors that are associated with obesity amongst older nursing home residents in selected European countries.

Implications for practice

The division into obesity classes is important for planning targeted care according to the individual needs of nursing home residents.
Illuminating the evolution of bioluminescence in sharks
Authors: Ferrón Humberto G.
Published: February 2023

The evolutionary context in which shark bioluminescence originated is poorly understood, despite it being critical to uncovering influential factors in the evolutionary history and diversity of living chondrichthyans as well as the mechanisms of deep‐water colonization by vertebrates. This study provides the first joint reconstruction of the habitats, lifestyles, and occurrence of bioluminescence in the evolution of squalomorph sharks using ancestral state estimation analysis to resolve the timing of deep‐sea colonization, the evolutionary origin of bioluminescence and the ancestral ecologies of this group. The results suggest that most squalomorphs originated in neritic environments from where they colonized deep waters on several independent occasions during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, predating most of the previous estimates of the timing of this event. The colonization of the deep sea took place via the benthic zone, in contrast to the view that an intermediate mesopelagic stage occurred during this ecological transition. Finally, the analyses accounting for uncertainty of the presence of bioluminescence strongly support that this trait evolved only once among sharks in a bathydemersal ancestor. This study reveals that shark bioluminescence evolved in a complex scenario that combines elements of several previous proposals, and enriches our perspective on the sequence of events that characterized the vertebrate conquest of the deep sea.
Usefulness of the perfusion index for monitoring the response to intravenous ketamine infusion therapy in patients with complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Hong Seung‐Wan , Hwang Min‐Sik , Kim Jae Hun , Kim Minjung , Kim Seong‐Hyop
Published: February 2023

Background

This study was performed to compare the perfusion index (PI) between affected and unaffected limbs in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS); it also evaluated the usefulness of the PI for monitoring the response to intravenous ketamine infusion therapy in such patients.

Methods

In total, 46 patients with CRPS in one arm or leg were enrolled in this study. The PIs of the unaffected (PIControl) and affected (PICRPS) limbs were simultaneously evaluated before and after treatment.

Results

PICRPS was significantly lower than PIControl at all time points. The change in PI from immediately before to 30 min after intravenous ketamine infusion therapy (TBefore and T30 min, respectively) in the affected limb was significantly correlated with the change in visual analog pain scale (VAS) between the two time points (r = 0.646, p < 0.001). The area under the curve for the changes in VAS and PICRPS between TBefore and T30 min was 0.928. The optimal threshold value for the change in PICRPS between TBefore and T30 min, to distinguish responders with a ≥ 50‐point reduction in VAS score from nonresponders, was 22.60% with a sensitivity of 0.811 (95% CI: 0.774–0.848) and a specificity of 0.889 (95% CI: 0.848–0.930). Thirty‐one patients showed a ≥ 50‐point reduction in VAS score [67% (95% CI: 54%–80%)] and 15 patients showed a < 50‐point reduction in VAS score [33% (95% CI: 20%–46%)]. Thirty patients showed an increased PI ≥ 22.60% [65% (95% CI: 50%–78%)] and 16 patients showed an increased PI < 22.60% [35% (95% CI: 22%–50%)]. Twenty‐seven patients had a ≥ 50‐point reduction in VAS score and an increased PI ≥ 22.60% [59% (95% CI: 44%–74%)]. Eleven patients had shown a < 50‐point pain reduction in VAS score and increased PI < 22.60% [24% (95% CI: 13%–37%)].

Conclusion

The PI significantly differed between affected and unaffected limbs in patients with CRPS. The PI may be useful for monitoring the response to intravenous ketamine therapy in patients with CRPS.
Botulinum toxin for refractory Raynaud's phenomenon: A “how to” guide for pediatric patients
Authors: Barry Kelly K. , Reusch Diana B. , Shahriari Neda , Lonowski Sarah , Dedeoglu Fatma , Vleugels Ruth Ann
Published: February 2023

Raynaud's phenomenon describes symptoms caused by digital vascular spasm and is classically induced by cold exposure. Severe cases can result in ulceration, necrosis, and digital autoamputation. When standard and adjunctive medical therapies fail or are contraindicated, botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) is an effective treatment option that can be added to existing regimens and should be considered before utilizing rescue therapies associated with higher risk and often higher cost. This report describes our technique, highlights considerations relevant to pediatric patients, and provides photos and videos of the procedure performed on a 16‐year‐old girl.
Different photoprotective strategies for white leaves between two co‐occurring Actinidia species
Authors: Chen Li , Wen De‐Quan , Shi Guang‐Li , Sun Dan , Yin Yan , Yu Miao , An Wen‐Qi , Tang Qian , Ai Jun , Han Li‐Jun , Yan Chao‐Bin , Sun Yuan‐Jing , Wang Yun‐Peng , Wang Zhen‐Xing , Fan Da‐Yong
Published: February 2023

At the outer canopy, the white leaves of Actinidia kolomikta can turn pink but they stay white in A. polygama. We hypothesized that the different leaf colors in the two Actinidia species may represent different photoprotection strategies. To test the hypothesis, leaf optical spectra, anatomy, chlorophyll a fluorescence, superoxide (O2˙−) concentration, photosystem II photo‐susceptibility, and expression of anthocyanin‐related genes were investigated. On the adaxial side, light reflectance was the highest for white leaves of A. kolomikta, followed by its pink leaves and white leaves of A. polygama, and the absorptance for white leaves of A. kolomikta was the lowest. Chlorophyll and carotenoid content of white and pink leaves in A. kolomikta were significantly lower than those of A. polygama, while the relative anthocyanin content of pink leaves was the highest. Chloroplasts of palisade cells of white leaves in A. kolomikta were not well developed with a lower maximum quantum efficiency of PSII than the other types of leaves (pink leaves of A. kolomikta and white leaves of A. Polygama at the inner/outer canopy). After high light treatment from the abaxial surface, Fv/Fm decreased to a larger extent for white leaves of A. kolomikta than pink leaf and white leaves of A. polygama, and its non‐photochemical quenching was also the lowest. White leaves of A. kolomikta showed higher O2˙− concentration compared to pink leaves under the same strong irradiance. The expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in pink leaves were higher than in white leaves. These results indicate that white leaves of A. kolomikta apply a reflection strategy for photoprotection, while pink leaves resist photoinhibition via anthocyanin accumulation.
Risk of HLA antibody generation after receipt of Mirasol versus standard platelets in the MIPLATE randomized trial
Authors: Kaidarova Zhanna , Di Germanio Clara , Custer Brian , Norris Philip J.
Published: February 2023

Background

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alloimmunization can occur after platelet transfusion. These antibodies can complicate future platelet transfusions or organ transplantation. Animal data suggest that Mirasol pathogen reduction treatment (PRT) can prevent alloimmunization after transfusion.

Study Design and Methods

The MIPLATE trial enrolled 330 of a planned 660 participants with hematological malignancies at risk for grade 2 or greater bleeding. The study was halted early for futility after a planned interim analysis. Participants were randomized to receive PRT versus standard control platelets. Serum samples were collected from participants at baseline (pretransfusion), weekly for the first 4 weeks, then at days 42 and 56. HLA antibody levels were determined using a commercial multianalyte bead‐based assay. HLA antibody levels were analyzed using low, medium, and high cutoffs based on prior studies.

Results

The rate of alloimmunization was low in both arms of the study, particularly at the high HLA antibody cutoff (total of 6 of 277 subjects at risk, or 2.2%). The risk of alloimmunization did not differ between study arms, nor did the risk of immune refractoriness to platelet transfusion.

Conclusions

The data do not support the conclusion that Mirasol exerted a protective effect against alloimmunization after platelet transfusion in the MIPLATE trial.
Nocardia and Streptomyces keratitis in dogs: In vivo detection of filamentous bacteria by confocal microscopy
Authors: Ledbetter Eric C. , Schlesener Brittany N. , Demeter Elena A.
Published: February 2023

Objective

To describe the clinical features of dogs with Nocardia and Streptomyces keratitis, including the results of in vivo confocal microscopy examinations.

Animal studied

A 15‐year‐old, male‐castrated, miniature Schnauzer was presented with a multilobulated, cystic, pink, ulcerated corneal mass with surrounding dense leukocyte infiltrates. Cytologic evaluation of a corneal scraping identified pyogranulomatous inflammation and filamentous bacteria. Nocardia nova was cultured from corneal samples. Anterior lamellar keratectomy was performed to excise the affected corneal region and histopathologic evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of pyogranulomatous keratitis. A 10‐year‐old, male‐castrated, Yorkshire terrier was presented for evaluation of a chronic anterior stromal corneal ulcer associated with a brown corneal plaque. Cytologic evaluation of a corneal scraping identified suppurative inflammation and filamentous bacteria. A Streptomyces sp. was cultured from corneal samples. The keratitis in both dogs resolved with therapy.

Procedures

In vivo confocal microscopy examination of the corneal lesions in both dogs revealed dense accumulations of leukocytes and clusters of hyperreflective, slender, branching bacterial structures that were approximately 1.5–2.0 μm in diameter and 25–50 μm in length. Confocal microscopy imaging of the Nocardia isolate in vitro, and ex vivo canine corneas experimentally infected with the bacteria, was performed to corroborate the in vivo findings. The morphology of the filamentous bacteria was similar between the in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo confocal microscopy examinations.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Nocardia and Streptomyces spp. can be associated with infectious keratitis in dogs. In vivo detection of filamentous bacteria in the cornea can be accomplished by confocal microscopy.
Long‐term evaluation of the effects of vitreous degeneration on cataracts and retinal detachment in dogs
Authors: Jeon Byung‐Ju , Lee Suk‐Jun , Kim Kyu‐Lee , Huh Eun‐A , Kim Joon‐Young
Published: February 2023

Objective

We aimed to track and evaluate the association between vitreous degeneration and the development of cataracts or retinal detachments in dogs over a long period.

Animal Studied

Data on vitreous degeneration, cataracts, and retinal detachment in 102 eyes were collected from 68 dogs who underwent ocular ultrasonography at least twice between March 2017 and November 2021 at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Konkuk University. The mean follow‐up time was 515 ± 256 (mean ± standard deviation; range: 81–1196) days.

Procedure

Development of cataracts and retinal detachment, according to the severity of vitreous degeneration grade (VDG), was evaluated during long‐term follow‐up.

Results

In the cataract study (87 eyes, 61 dogs), the number of cataracts developed according to VDG (grade: 0–3) were as follows: VDG 0: 1 in 10 (10%) eyes, VDG 1: 15 in 35 (43%) eyes, VDG 2: 15 in 30 (50%) eyes, and VDG 3: 10 in 12 (83%) eyes. It was significantly different among grades (p = .026). In the retinal detachment study (95 eyes, 64 dogs), the number of retinal detachments developed according to each VDG were as follows: VDG 0: 0 in 11 (0%) eyes, VDG 1: 1 in 36 (3%) eyes, VDG 2: 5 in 35 (14%) eyes, and VDG 3: 4 in 13 (30%) eyes. It was also significantly different among grades (p = .019).

Conclusions

During long‐term follow‐up, dogs with severe vitreous degeneration had an increased risk of cataract and retinal detachment development than those without or with mild vitreous degeneration.
Confidence Intervals by Bootstrapping Approach: A Significance Review
Authors: Mokhtar Siti Fairus , Md Yusof Zahayu , Sapiri Hasimah
Published: February 2023

A confidence interval is an interval estimate of a parameter of a population calculated from a sample drawn from the population. Bootstrapping method, which involves producing several new data sets that are resampled from the original data in order to estimate parameter for each newly created data set, allowing an empirical distribution for the parameter to be estimated. Since certain statistics are harder to estimate, confidence intervals are rarely employed. Several statistics might necessitate multi-step formulas assuming that are impractical for calculating confidence intervals. This paper reviews research on the concept of bootstrapping and bootstrap confidence interval. The current narrative analysis was developed to answer the main research question: (1) What is the concept of the bootstrap method and bootstrap confidence interval? (2) What are the methods of bootstrapping to obtain confidence interval? This study has found general bootstrap method idea, various techniques of bootstrap methods, its advantages and disadvantages, and its limitations. There are normal interval method, percentile bootstrap method, basic method, first-order normal approximation method, bias-corrected bootstrap, accelerated bias-corrected bootstrap and bootstrap-t method. This study concludes that the advantages of using bootstrap CI is that it does not require any assumptions about the shape of distribution and universality of the approach. Bootstrapping is a computer-intensive statistical technique that relies significantly on modern high-speed digital computers to do massive computations.
Compatibilization of Poly (lactic acid)/Polycarbonate Blends using Triacetin-mediated Interchange Reactions
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Hassan Azman , Yahya Mohd Yazid , Azman Abdul Hadi
Published: February 2023

There is a strong interest in the use of poly (lactic acid) PLA which is a renewable polymer for environmental sustainability. The aim of the paper is to improve the properties of PLA by blending with polycarbonate (PC) at various ratios using melt blending technique. The effects of two types of triacetin (TA) as compatibilizers and tetra butyl ammonium tetraphenylborate (TBATPB) as catalyst were investigated. Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the PLA/PC blends were examined. The addition of both triacetin (2022 type, 5 wt%) with catalyst (0.2 wt%) in 50PLA/50PC blends showed good improvement in modulus and elongation at break. The Young’s modulus, flexural modulus and elongation at break increased by 280MPa, 238MPa and 94% respectively compared to uncompatibilzed 50PLA/50PC blend. It was depicted that transesterification reaction can take place only in the presence of compatibilizers; however, the addition of the catalyst accelerates the reaction. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed a new peak attributed to the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PLA-PC copolymer at a temperature (~ 110 °C) higher than Tg of typical PLA and lower than the Tg of typical PC. It can be concluded that the addition of triacetin and catalyst results in the overall best mechanical properties, thereby confirming the synergistic action promoted the transesterification reaction between PLA and PC promoting the compatibility of the PLA/PC system.
Simulating Rubber Prices under Geometric Fractional Brownian Motion with Different Hurst Estimators
Authors: Balasubramaniam Srivennila Sri , Ibrahim Siti N.
Published: February 2023

Natural rubber was a vital pillar of Malaysia's export-oriented economy throughout much of the twentieth century, according to the Economic History of Malaya (EHM) website, the worldwide demand for natural rubber is expected to expand at a CAGR of 4.8% in the future (2019–2023). Therefore, it could be concluded that rubber is one of the commodities that should be monitored. Thus, the forecasting of the rubber price should be analysed for the future use. This research focuses on the simulation of rubber prices using geometric Brownian motion and geometric fractional Brownian motion. Moreover, an analysis in the value of hurst exponents' estimator were also done using 3 different methods, Rescaled Range Analysis, Aggravate Variance Method, and Residuals of Regression Method that bases on the slope deviation technique. Finally, an error analysis was done by the calculation of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value to analyse the accuracy of the simulation models.
The First Next-Generation Sequencing Metabarcoding Dataset on Faecal Bacterial Diversity from the Southern River Terrapin, Batagur affinis ssp.
Authors: Mohd Salleh Mohd Hairul , Esa Yuzine
Published: February 2023

The Southern River terrapin, Batagur affinis ssp., has the first data on faecal bacterial diversity from next-generation sequencing (NGS). This dataset describes the bacterial diversity of the Southern River terrapin, locally known as Tuntung. Batagur affinis spp. are freshwater turtles listed as critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List since 2000. This is the first dataset on the faecal bacterial diversity of Batagur affinis ssp., and the data provided here can be used to comprehensively understand the microbiome's community composition. Seven faeces samples were collected aseptically from captive (N = 5) and wild (N = 2) adult B. affinis ssp. while crossing Peninsular Malaysia's east and west coasts. The data was acquired by metabarcoding using 16S rRNA. The amplicons were further analysed using the SILVA and DADA2 pipelines. The V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene region was amplified, and the amplicons were sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq system. In total, 297 bacterial communities' taxonomic profiles (phylum to genus) have been determined. The data for this metagenome can be found in the BioSample Submission Portal as Bio-Project PRJNA767629 and Sequence Read Archive (SRA) accession numbers from SAMN21919713 to SAMN21919722.
On the connection between Hopf–Galois structures and skew braces
Authors: Stefanello Lorenzo , Trappeniers Senne
Published: February 2023

We present a different version of the well‐known connection between Hopf–Galois structures and skew braces, building on a recent paper of A. Koch and P. J. Truman. We show that the known results that involve this connection easily carry over to this new perspective, and that new ones naturally appear. As an application, we present new insights on the study of the surjectivity of the Hopf–Galois correspondence, explaining in more detail the role of bi‐skew braces in Hopf–Galois theory.
Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lin Cheng-Chieh , Li Chia-Ing , Liu Chiu-Shong , Liao Li-Na , Yang Chuan-Wei , Lin Chih-Hsueh , Yang Shing-Yu , Li Tsai-Chung
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Observational studies support the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) level and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with diabetes. The research question regarding whether the relationship between serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level and DN is causal lacks experimental evidence. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the causality between hsCRP and DN based on Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Research design and methods

A total of 2332 participants with type 2 diabetes from the Taiwan Biobank database was analyzed. Genetic risk scores (GRSs), which comprise four validated CRP loci as two instrumental variables, were calculated as unweighted and weighted scores to evaluate the causal relationship of hsCRP with DN risk. The two-stage regression model was used to estimate OR and 95% CI.

Results

The analyses of the observational study showed that the hsCRP level was significantly associated with DN after multivariate adjustment (adjusted OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.32). Unweighted/weighted GRSs for log-transformed hsCRP satisfied MR assumptions 1 and 3, respectively; that is, a significant association with hsCRP was observed but that with DN was absent (adjusted OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.09; 1.00, 0.72 to 1.39, respectively). The MR analyses demonstrated that a 1-unit increase in the log-transformed genetically predicted hsCRP by unweighted and weighted GRSs was associated with DN, demonstrating ORs of 1.80 (95% CI 1.51 to 2.14) and 1.67 (95% CI 1.40 to 1.98), respectively.

Conclusions

The current study provided experimental evidence that hsCRP level was causally related to DN. These findings suggest that the elevated hsCRP may be a causal risk factor for DN in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Occupational health and safety practices and associated factors among workers in Ethiopia’s Metehara and Wonji sugar industries: a convergent parallel mixed design
Authors: Debela Mitiku Bonsa , Deyessa Negussie , Begosew Achenef Motbainor , Azage Muluken
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Information regarding workers’ practices concerning safety measures in Ethiopia’s sugar industries is inadequate.

Objectives

To assess occupational health and safety practices and associated factors among workers in Ethiopia’s Metehara and Wonji sugar industries.

Design

A convergent parallel mixed design.

Setting

Metehara and Wonji sugar industries in Ethiopia (December 2021 through May 2022).

Participants

We used a stratified random sampling method to select 1648 participants for the collection of quantitative data. We employed a purposive sampling method to carry out 20 in-depth interviews in order to gather qualitative data.

Primary outcome measures

We computed the extent of occupational health and safety practices using a 21-item questionnaire. Finally, results were graded as ‘good’ if ≥60% of them were answered correctly and ‘poor’ if <60% were correctly answered. We created a qualitative data interpretation from the subject’s perspective.

Results

The percentage of good occupational health and safety practices was 29.6% (95% CI: 27% to 32%). Inappropriate provision of personal protective equipment (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.42, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.83), a lack of strict safety regulation (AOR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.27 to 2.12), a lack of incentives (AOR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.66) and inadequate management support (AOR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.66) were identified as associated factors. Health service usage defects, inappropriate protective equipment use and failure to follow occupational safety commands were identified as challenges.

Conclusions

Occupational health and safety measures were not used effectively. The qualitative component of this study confirmed that most participants expressed undesirable practices in occupational health and safety measures. Inappropriate protective device provisions, a lack of strict safety regulation, the absence of incentives and inadequate management support were found to be linked with the use of occupational health and safety measures. The contributing factors we identified potentially indicate areas for future intervention.