bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of Embedded Network Voice Communication Terminal Based on STM32 and μCOSIII
Authors: Ji Li , Qiongling Shao , Shengjun Wang
Published: June 2018

Aiming at the application demand of voice communication between user terminals in the simulated training environment, a design and implementation method of embedded network voice communication terminal based on STM32 and μCOSIII is proposed. The hardware module of communication terminal is based on STM32 microcontroller, voice communication module, LCD display module and SD card storage module. The embedded real-time operating system μCOSIII is transplanted in order to enhance the real time and stability of the control system, and the user interface management system STemWin is used to manage LCD module. The signal exchange protocol of speech communication is designed, and the realization of the communication function software based on TCP/IP protocol is completed. In order to detect the voice communication function of communication terminal, a communication server software based on .NET Framework platform is designed, which is responsible for managing the communication terminal and forwarding the communication data. The experimental results show that the user interface of the communication terminal is good, the data transmission is stable and the communication function is reliable.
An improved algorithm for multiple source direction of arrival estimation
Authors: Wang Xuecheng , Ma Jinquan
Published: June 2018

Based on MUSIC-LIKE algorithm, an improved algorithm for multiple source direction of arrival estimation was proposed to resolve the problem, the enabled estimation number of source for traditional direction of arrival estimation algorithm restricted by the size of the antenna array. The computations and the matrix dimension were reduced by constructed new fourth cumulate matrix, the number of direction estimation was increased by smoothing computation snapshots based on MFOCMUSIC algorithm. The spatial spectrum measuring error was decreased by smoothing the virtual array extended by fourth order cumulate. Simulation results proved that the proposed algorithm can find more direction of arrival than MFOC-MUSIC algorithm, improve the direction of arrival resolution ratio, and inhibit the influence of gaussian white noise to direction of arrival estimation
Deep Supervised Hashing for Fast Multi-Label Image
Authors: Ying Qian , Qingqing Ye
Published: June 2018

In this paper, most of the existing Hashing methods is mapping the hand extracted features to binary code, and designing the loss function with the label of images. However, hand-crafted features and inadequacy considering all the loss of the network will reduce the retrieval accuracy. Supervised hashing method improves the similarity between sample and hash code by training data and labels of image. In this paper, we propose a novel deep hashing method which combines the objective function with pairwise label which is produced by the Hamming distance between the label binary vector of images, quantization error and the loss of hashing code between the balanced value as loss function to train network. The experimental results show that the proposed method is more accurate than most of current restoration methods.
A Novel Architecture of Telecommunication Networks for Next Generation Internet
Authors: Qian Fengchen , Ye Yalin , Shan Ning , Su Bing
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we present a novel DC-centric architecture of telecommunication networks for next generation Internet. Data flow become the major traffic in existing telecommunication networks. Traditional computer networks and telecom networks meet many challenges in high-quality service, innovation, evolution, and management. Based on analysis existing telecom networks’ challenges, a DC-centric telecom network architecture with splitting the data plane from the control plane is proposed. The DC-centric telecom network is a widely-distributed data center network (DCN), which is composed of thousands of public or private DCs. Each DC not only plays the role of storage and computing, but also is a network node of data aggregation, switching, and routing. We also design an optical switching, which is evaluated by experiment.
Signal Detection Methods Based on Less Matrix Inversion for Massive MIMO Systems
Authors: Jiarui Ding , Wei Ding , Yunsheng Zheng
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we will represent several methods that can reduce the computational complexity to detect signals for Uplink Massive MIMO Systems. Then we will show the simulation performance of these methods and analyse them. Finally we will give improvement for better performance.
Resource Planning For Heterogeneous Signal Processing Platform Based On Configuration Files
Authors: Xie Zongfu , Gao Bo , Yue Chunsheng , Zhao Chuanqi
Published: June 2018

In order to solve the problem of the reasonable management and planning of complex hardware and software resources in heterogeneous signal processing platform, this paper researches and designs a resource-visualization model based on configuration files and a hierarchical resource management method. And more, experiments verify the visual task planning program of MFSK. Experiments show that the proposed scheme can efficiently abstract and manage the complex and heterogeneous hardware and software resources of heterogeneous signal processing platform and draw the corresponding plan for the corresponding application task.
Knowledge Evolution of Complex Agent Networks
Authors: Yeqing Zhao
Published: June 2018

In order to study the interaction between structure change of social network and knowledge propagation, this paper proposes a complex agent network model to discover the inner rule and restraining factors of the knowledge diffusion in the network system. The agents take advantage of different social radius to form acquaintance networks based on the theory of social circles in the knowledge propagation network model, and the dynamic evolution process of knowledge network is realized according the defined rules of knowledge communication. Simulation results show that this model based on social circle theory can better realize the characteristics of the actual social network than the traditional network model established before, at the same time the social radius of knowledge agent for knowledge dissemination in knowledge network has the obvious effect. It can narrow the knowledge gap for the knowledge agents in social network and good social relation network can be developed.
Research and Implementation of Basic Education Resource Retrieval Strategy Based on the Relationship among Knowledge Points
Authors: Yang Zhen
Published: June 2018

In order to solve the lack of knowledge relevance and topic drift in traditional keyword search, this paper proposed knowledge extraction strategy based knowledge point association and recognition of user intention based user intention theme map and the mapping from resource to knowledge points strategy .It realized the knowledge sestematic and relevant of the search results and improved the retrieval accuracy.
Environmental sound classification based on feature fusion
Authors: Zhao Huimin , Huang Xianglin , Liu Wei , Yang Lifang
Published: June 2018

With deep great breakthroughs of deep learning in the field of computer vision, the field of audio recognition has gradually introduced deep learning methods and achieved excellent results. These results are mainly for speech and music recognition research, and there is very little research on environmental sound classification. In recent years, people have begun to expand the research object of deep learning to the environmental sound, and achieved certain results. In this paper, we use ESC-50 as our test set, based on the SoundNet network and EnvNet network to propose a feature fusion method[1]. After the features extracted by SoundNet and EnvNet were merged, they were classified using fusion features. Experimental results show that this method has better classification accuracy for the recognition of environmental sounds than using either of the two networks separately for classification.
Research on operational model of PUBG
Authors: Ding Yong
Published: June 2018

This paper mainly studies operational model of the famous Computer Games - PlayerUnkown’s BattleGrounds (PUBG), be aimed at human beings in the game or human beings regarded as intelligent robots, including the influence of objective factors and subjective factors on the game results, linear programming model is established for the various factors and the game results, using Excel software, realized in different situations the relationship between various factors and the result of game problem solving and plotting table. To solve the problem 1, the paper find out the trend of the safety area and the random coverage circle of the safety area through statistical data and analyze the data, and then push it to the parachute jumping time and the parachute jumping place. To solve the problem 2, the paper build a game model based on the analysis of the distance between two sides, the judgement of the azimuth and the random running and attacking each other caused by the psychological state of the bullet avoidance, and then, according to experience, how to perform micro manipulation to improve the hit rate. To solve the problem 3, the paper make KDA as a measure of bureau of the game in the best performing team and the best individual (MVP) of the key indicators, through the calculation of KDA for the game and the individual scores and rankings, distribution to determine the winners of the prize gaming contest.
The Hyper-spectral Image Compression Based on K-Means Clustering and Parallel Prediction Algorithm*
Authors: Wenbin Wu , Wu Yue , Li Jintao
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we propose a lossless compression algorithm for hyper-spectral images with the help of the K-Means clustering and parallel prediction. We use K-Means clustering algorithm to classify hyper-spectral images, and we obtain a number of two dimensional sub images. We use the adaptive prediction compression algorithm based on the absolute ratio to compress the two dimensional sub images. The traditional prediction algorithm is adopted in the serial processing mode, and the processing time is long. So we improve the efficiency of the parallel prediction compression algorithm, to meet the needs of the rapid compression. In this paper, a variety of hyper-spectral image compression algorithms are compared with the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the compression ratio of hyper-spectral images and reduce the compression time effectively.
A Dependent Variable Harmonically Coupled Chaotic System for a Pseudorandom bit Generator
Authors: Wu Qi
Published: June 2018

Coupling is a common approach for constructing new chaotic systems. In this paper, we present a novel way of coupling, which is utilized to construct a new chaotic system. Afterwards, a pseudorandom bit generator is proposed based on it. Next, we employ five statistic tests to evaluate the pseudo randomness of generated sequences. Linear complexity and cipher space are analyzed at last. All the results demonstrate that the proposed generator possesses excellent properties.
Research of digital temperature measurement system in vacuum thermal test based on DS18B20
Authors: Zhu Xi , An Wangqing , Chang Liu , ZhenWei Li , Zeyuan Liu
Published: June 2018

Temperature measurement is a very important measurement project in spacecraft vacuum thermal test, and thermocouple measurement system is generally used for temperature measurement. In order to reduce the number of wire measuring circuit and improving the measurement system of anti disturbance and high measurement accuracy in vacuum thermal test process, which can be used in digital temperature measurement system of vacuum thermal test design, realizes the digital temperature measuring equipment of spacecraft and ground equipment. The system is composed of digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and acquisition device. It can be connected with remote monitoring computer through LAN network to realize remote monitoring of temperature. The hardware structure, communication protocol and software design of the digital temperature measurement system are given in this paper. The vacuum thermal environment test and comparison with the platinum resistance temperature measurement system. The results show that the stability of the system is good and the difference between the measured value and the PT100 measurement is within 0.5 °C, and the linearity is about ±0.1% which satisfies the requirement of vacuum thermal test.
Using software such as “kuaishou” to shooting videos
Authors: Gu Di , Zhang Li
Published: June 2018

In a small stream line under the big trend, this paper gives a brief introduction to using software such as “kuaishou” to shooting a small video. This research concerns several parts: introduction, the writing of the script, the selection of actor, props, post-production and innovation. A small video is been made of five steps, based on this, it is been detailed on each piece of analysis to better complete the video. The purpose of this study is to show the methods mentioned above are promising. In this Internet age, this kind of video with one of the biggest bright spots, that is its powerful ability to turn into cash. The developed technique is applied to shooting videos for making money.
Anomaly Detection of Electro-data Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Guo Liang , Dong Xianguang , Dai Yanjie , Du Yan
Published: June 2018

As diversity of electro-data anomaly, the methods based on artificial feature are becoming more difficult to detect anomalies among a great deal of electro-data. Hence, this paper proposes a novel method which is based on deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) to detect anomaly electro-data. This method models the sample data with time information and electrical parameters, and labels them as normal or abnormal automatically. Further, the paper improves the designing DCNN to extract precise features from large scale of electro-data to get high accuracy. The results of the case analysis show that our method can detect anomaly electro-data more exact and stable than the traditional methods. The abnormal precision rate and abnormal recall rate of our approach reach 92.7% and 91.3% respectively.
The implementation of an object detection algorithm on the FT processor
Authors: Li Bin , Chen Shuming , Yang Chao
Published: June 2018

With the continuous development of automatic drive and neural networks, it is possible to use neural network algorithm to carry out object detection in unmanned driving. Usually, the computation of neural network algorithm is huge. How to efficiently compute the algorithm and meet the real-time requirement is a challenge. In this paper, a sparse neural network algorithm is proposed, which can improve the utilization rate of processors. The object detection algorithm YOLO is implemented on the processor. Its performance is equivalent to the current best processor performance.
Important Location Identification and Personal Location Inference Based on Mobile Subscriber Location Data Preparation of Camera-Ready Contributions to SCITEPRESS Proceedings
Authors: Yang Zhen , Hong-jun Wang
Published: June 2018

As an emerging spatial trajectory data, mobile terminal location data can be widely used to analyze the behavior characteristics and interests of individuals or groups in smart cities, transportation planning and other civil fields. It can also be used to track suspects in anti-terrorism security and public opinion management. Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to determine suitable input parameters of clustering caused by different subscriber location data size and distribution difference, an improved density peak clustering algorithm is proposed and the performance of the improved algorithm is verified on the UCI data set. Firstly the important location is identified by the proposed algorithm, and the personal location is further inferred by the algorithm based on the subscriber's schedule and maximum cluster. Then, the algorithm adopts Google's inverse geocoding technology to obtain the semantic names corresponding to the coordinate points, and introduces the natural language processing technology to achieve word frequency statistics and keyword extraction. The simulation results based on the Geolife data set show that the algorithm is feasible for identifying important locations and inferring personal locations.
Reversible Data Hiding for Encrypted Image Based on Arnold Transformation
Authors: Wu Dan
Published: June 2018

A reversible data hiding scheme for encrypted image was proposed based on Arnold transformation. In this scheme, the original image was divided into four sub-images by sampling, the sub-images were scrambled by Arnold transformation using two secret keys, then the scrambled sub-images were reconstituted an encrypted image. Subsequently, additional data was embedded into the encrypted image by modifying the difference between two adjacent pixels. With an encrypted image containing additional data, the receiver can obtain a decrypt image using the decryption key. Meanwhile, with the aid of the decryption key and information hiding key, the receiver can pick the hiding information and recover the original image without any error. Experiment result shows that the proposed scheme can obtain a higher payload with good image quality.
Research on the Operation and Inspection System of UHV and Cross-Regional Distribution Network Based on Big Data Technology
Authors: Zhixiang Ji , Chunyu Deng
Published: June 2018

With the development of UHV and cross-regional distribution network, the operation and inspection of electric transmission and transformation equipment need to use big data and other new technologies to build a smart grid operation and inspection system, in order to better support the operation and inspection business. This paper analyzes the new development situation of UHV and trans-area power grid and the demand of smart grid operation and inspection service under the new situation. Combining big data analysis technology with production command and management practice, based on data and business requirements, this paper puts forward the data architecture of intelligent operation and inspection system according to big data technology, gives the technical framework and technology selection of intelligent operation and inspection system, then analyzes the application framework of intelligent operation and inspection service. The whole architecture of intelligent operation and inspection system is proposed, which provides better support for the development and application of intelligent operation and inspection system through the key architecture design. It has far-reaching application value and broad application prospect.
Formation control of Multi-agents Based on Method of Matrices
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Feng Youqian , Yin Zhonghai , Wang Lei , Zhao Xin
Published: June 2018

Formation control is one of the most actively studied topics in multi-agents systems, in which all agents will form a desired formation to complete certain tasks. In this paper, a method of matrices is proposed to describe information about formation. Additionally, a flocking algorithm with virtual agents is proposed to control all agent to complete task of desired formation. Simulation results show that all agents can form a desired formation and their velocities consensus are verified.
Explorations on IT Majors’ Talents Cultivation Supported by Open Source Software
Authors: Zhu Zemin , Zhang Qing
Published: June 2018

Open source software has been widely used in the education industry. To construct educational informationization system and to be developed into educational resources are the most popular forms. This paper analyses the positive role of open source software in IT education firstly. Then, from two perspectives, the open source forum and open source case base, it explores how to promote the students’ software development technology and professional skills. College Open Source Forum is an open-source technology community which is for college students of IT Major and fans who are interested in software development. The construction of open source case base is conducive to provide more practice opportunities for students. These two ways of open source software help improve the quality of IT professional training.
Diabetestherapie bei chronischer Niereninsuffizienz
Authors: Bohnert Bernhard N. , Heni Martin
Published: June 2018

Der Diabetes mellitus stellt eine der häufigsten Komorbiditäten bei Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz dar, weshalb seine Therapie bei der Behandlung
dieser Patienten einen vorrangigen Stellenwert einnimmt. Eine Veränderung der Pharmakokinetik antidiabetischer Medikamente erschwert die Diabetestherapie bei
dieser Patientengruppe. Komplizierend kommen Veränderungen im Metabolismus wie bspw. eine Insulinresistenz hinzu. Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus und
chronischer Niereninsuffizienz profitieren von einer optimalen und stabilen Kontrolle der Glykämie. Durch eine große Auswahl an Antidiabetika und eine möglichst
individuelle Anpassung der Therapie an den Patienten können der Allgemeinzustand des Patienten entscheidend verbessert und die Prognose des Patienten positiv
beeinflusst werden.
Zusatznutzen der Homöopathie in der Onkologie
Authors: Wurster Jens
Published: June 2018

Weltweit werden onkologische Patienten mithilfe der Homöopathie begleitet, um die Nebenwirkungen der konventionellen Therapien wie Chemotherapien oder Bestrahlungen zu reduzieren. Es zeigt sich, dass Tumorpatienten, die zusätzlich homöopathisch behandelt werden, eine bessere Lebensqualität und ein längeres Gesamtüberleben aufweisen. Studien zur Tumorzellforschung zeigen die Wirkungen homöopathischer Hochpotenzen auf Tumorzelllinien. Tumorhemmende Effekte homöopathischer Mittel werden in vitro wie in vivo nachgewiesen. Komplementärmedizinische Forschungsprojekte (CAMbrella) und Forschungen zu personalisierten Immuntherapien und additiver Homöopathie öffnen den Weg für eine zukünftige integrative Onkologie.
Antihypertensive Effect of Polyphenol-Rich Fraction of Azadirachta indica on Nω-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester-Induced Hypertension and Cardiorenal Dysfunction
Authors: Omóbòwálé Temidayo , Oyagbemi Ademola , Ogunpolu Blessing , Ola-Davies Olufunke , Olukunle Johnny , Asenuga Ebunoluwa , Ajibade Temitayo , Adejumobi Olumuyiwa , Afolabi Jeremiah , Falayi Olufunke , Ashafa Anofi , Adedapo Adeolu , Yakubu Momoh
Published: June 2018

Azadirachta indica (AI) is a medicinal plant with reported antioxidant and cardio-protective properties. The use of plant-based polyphenols has become greatly increased in the last one decade. The present study investigated the protective effect of the polyphenol-rich fraction (PRF) of the methanol-extract of Azadirachta indica against Nω-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) induced hypertension and cardiorenal dysfunction in rats. Fifty (50) Wistar albino rats were grouped into five groups. Group A, the control, was administered potable water. Groups B-E received orally, 40 mg/kg of L-NAME only, 40 mg/kg of L-NAME and 100 mg/kg of AI extract, 40 mg/kg of L-NAME and 200 mg/kg of AI extract, and 40 mg/kg of L-NAME and 25 mg/kg of captopril, respectively for 21 days. The results of the present study revealed that L-NAME administration led to a significant increase in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial blood pressure. Markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde,protein carbonyl) increased significantly while there was reduction in reduced glutathione level, activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase as well nitric oxide bioavailability. Immunohistochemistry revealed higher expressions of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB) and kidney injury molecule 1(Kim-1) and lower expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) in hypertensive rats. Our results indicated that with PRF of AI restored high blood pressure, reduced markers of oxidative stress, normalized serum NO bioavailability and increased the expressions of Nrf2. Hence, PRF of Azadirachta indica could be used for the treatment of hypertension.
Vertebral Artery Dissection Caused by Neck Tics
Authors: Aydin Omer , Tasdemir Haydar , Ceyhan Bilgici Meltem , Cokyaman Turgay
Published: June 2018

Vertebral arterial dissection (VAD) is a rarely observed cause of vertebrobasilar ischemia. It is often reported as individual case reports in children, and the underlying cause is usually congenital anomalies or trauma to the neck. In this case report, we present a pediatric case of VAD whose magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography angiographies were normal and could only be diagnosed after a careful reassessment of the initial brain MRIs considering the dynamic nature of the dissection process. Etiological investigations pointed to the patient's neck tics as the origin of the condition, which is a rare and interesting cause different from the previously reported cases in the literature. Due to the ischemic lesions in the brain stem and the cerebellum, low molecular weight heparin treatment was started and the neurological symptoms rapidly receded. Since a severe tic disorder involving the face and neck has been observed as a rare cause of VAD aside from the previously reported causes such as the Bow–Hunter syndrome reported in archers, congenital cervical anomalies, traumatic mechanical accidents, and cervical chiropractical maneuvers, the sharing of this case will contribute to the literature.
Hearing Outcome of Low-tone Compared to High-tone Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Psillas George , Rizou Aikaterini , Rachovitsas Dimitrios , Tsiropoulos Gabriel , Constantinidis Jiannis
Published: June 2018

Introduction Low-tone sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) is a well-recognized disease, in which the hearing loss is restricted to low frequencies. In contrast to low-tone SSHL, high-tone SSHL is characterized by high-frequency (4,000, 8,000 Hz) hearing loss and preservation of low-, middle-frequency hearing.

Objective The objective of this study is to compare the hearing recovery and long-term outcome of low-tone SSHL with those of patients affected by high-tone SSHL in a follow-up of ∼ 3 years.

Methods The low-tone SSHL and high-tone SSHL groups included 27 and 20 patients, respectively; the patients of both groups were treated with intravenous steroids. Predictive factors (gender, affected side, delay of treatment, follow-up time) were also examined.

Results Overall, complete hearing recovery was observed in 77.7% of the patients in the low-tone SSHL group and in 15% of the patients in the high-tone SSHL group. In the high-tone SSHL group, a higher proportion of patients reported tinnitus compared with the low-tone SSHL group (13 cases [65%] versus 3 cases [11%]); however, recurrences were more common in the low-tone SSHL (22%, 6 patients) compared with the high-tone SSHL (2 cases [10%]) group. No predictive factor was found to statistically impact on hearing outcome.

Conclusion After initial therapy, the low-tone SSHL patients have more favorable hearing outcome than high-tone SSHL patients. However, recurrences occurred more frequently in the low-tone SSHL group, while the high-tone SSHL group was more often accompanied by residual symptoms, such as tinnitus.
Maternal Obesity Is an Independent Risk Factor for Intensive Care Unit Admission during Delivery Hospitalization
Authors: Masters Heather , Housley Emily , Van Hook James , DeFranco Emily
Published: June 2018

Objective We aim to quantify the impact of obesity on maternal intensive care unit (ICU) admission.

Materials and Methods This is a population-based, retrospective cohort study of Ohio live births from 2006 to 2012. The primary outcome was maternal ICU admission. The primary exposure was maternal body mass index (BMI). Relative risk (RR) of ICU admission was calculated by BMI category. Multivariate logistic regression quantified the risk of obesity on ICU admission after adjustment for coexisting factors.

Results This study includes 999,437 births, with peripartum maternal ICU admission rate of 1.10 per 1,000. ICU admission rate for BMI 30 to 39.9 kg/m2 was 1.24 per 1,000, RR: 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07, 1.35); BMI 40 to 49.9 kg/m2 had ICU admission rate of 1.80 per 1,000, RR: 1.73 (95% CI: 1.38, 2.17); and BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 had ICU admission rate of 2.98 per 1,000, RR: 1.73 (95% CI: 1.77, 4.68). After adjustment, these increases persisted in women with BMI 40 to 49.9 kg/m2 with adjusted relative risk (adjRR) of 1.37 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.78) and in women with BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2, adjRR: 1.69 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.83).

Conclusion Obesity is a risk factor for maternal ICU admission. Risk increases with BMI. After adjustment, BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 is an independent risk factor for ICU admission.
The Practical Challenges of Diagnosis and Treatment Options in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn: A Developing Country's Perspective
Authors: Nakwan Narongsak
Published: June 2018

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a complication of several respiratory diseases characterized by an elevation in pulmonary vascular resistance with resultant right-to-left shunting of blood and severe hypoxemia in the neonatal period. PPHN carries a high rate of morbidity and mortality, particularly in limited-resource settings (low-income and/or developing country). Echocardiography remains the gold standard for diagnosis of PPHN. Modern therapies such as inhaled nitric oxide, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and/or other pulmonary vasodilators agents can reduce the mortality rate of PPHN. Unfortunately, echocardiography and the use of these modern therapies are often difficult for a medical institution to provide for patients in developing countries, even when a timely diagnosis of PPHN has been made. In this review, the practical challenges of timely diagnosis of PPHN and efficient use of available treatment options faced by pediatricians or neonatologists in limited-resource settings are discussed.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations among U.S. Preterm Infants Compared with Term Infants Before and After the 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics Guidance on Immunoprophylaxis: 2012–2016
Authors: Goldstein Mitchell , Krilov Leonard , Fergie Jaime , McLaurin Kimmie , Wade Sally , Diakun David , Lenhart Gregory , Bloomfield Adam , Kong Amanda
Published: June 2018

Objective The objective of this study was to compare risk for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations (RSVH) for preterm infants 29 to 34 weeks gestational age (wGA) versus term infants before and after 2014 guidance changes for immunoprophylaxis (IP), using data from the 2012 to 2016 RSV seasons.

Study Design Using commercial and Medicaid claims databases, infants born between July 1, 2011 and June 30, 2016 were categorized as preterm or term. RSVH during the RSV season (November–March) were identified for infants aged <6 months and rate ratios (RRs) for hospitalization comparing preterm and term infants were calculated. Difference-in-difference models were fit to evaluate the changes in hospitalization risks in preterm versus term infants from 2012 to 2014 seasons to 2014 to 2016 seasons.

Results In all seasons, preterm infants had higher RSVH rates than term infants. Seasonal RRs prior to the guidance change for preterm wGA categories versus term infants ranged from 1.6 to 3.4. After the guidance change, the seasonal RRs ranged from 2.6 to 5.6. In 2014 to 2016, the risk associated with prematurity of 29 to 34 wGA versus term was significantly higher than in 2012 to 2014 (P<0.0001 for commercial and Medicaid samples).

Conclusion In infants aged <6 months, the risk for RSVH for infants 29 to 34 wGA compared with term infants increased significantly after the RSV IP recommendations became more restrictive.
Labor Curves in Multiparous Women Related to Interbirth Intervals
Authors: Mason Brittney , Matulich Melissa , Swanson Kate , Irwin Erin , Rademaker Alfred , Peaceman Alan , Gossett Dana
Published: June 2018

Objective Previous studies have shown that risk of cesarean section increases among multiparous women as interbirth interval increases. One possibility is that progress of labor may vary with interbirth interval, such that with longer intervals, labor curves of multiparas more closely resemble those of nulliparas. We sought to define labor curves among a cohort of multiparas with varying interbirth intervals.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of term multiparas with known interval from last delivery and only vaginal deliveries. Subjects were grouped by interval between the studied pregnancy and the most recent birth: 0 to 59, 60 to 119, and ≥120 months. Statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed effects model. Group slopes and intercepts were compared using model t-tests for individual effects. Length of second stage was compared using a Wilcoxon's rank-sum test.

Results Groups did not differ significantly in demographic or obstetrical characteristics. Rate of dilation was similar between the 0 to 59 and 60 to 119 month groups (p = 0.38), but faster in the ≥120 month group compared with the 60 to 119 month group (p = 0.037). Median duration of second stage increased slightly with increased interbirth interval (p = 0.003).

Conclusion Prolonged interbirth interval is not associated with slower active phase of labor.
Institutional Experience with Spiral Intestinal Lengthening and Tailoring
Authors: Coletta Riccardo , Aldeiri Bashar , Morabito Antonino
Published: June 2018

Aim The aim of this study was to report our initial experience using spiral intestinal lengthening and tailoring (SILT) technique in selected cases of short bowel syndrome (SBS).

Materials and Methods We analyzed all cases of SBS underwent SILT in our unit since the introduction of the procedure in 2012. We retrospectively analyzed patients' demographics, pre- and postprocedure bowel length, surgical complications, and postoperative parenteral nutrition (PN) requirements. Data were compared using independent samples, Mann–Whitney's U-test.

Results Five children with SBS underwent SILT between 2012 and 2017. Median age at procedure was 8.3 months (4.5–16). Preoperative small bowel length measured a median of 22 cm (17.5–50) with a median diameter of 4 cm (3.5–4.6). SILT allowed a median increase in length of 56% (10–15 cm; p = 0.03) and tailoring of the dilated segment providing a reduction in diameter of 50% (4.3–2.1 cm; p = 0.01). No major complications related to SILT were encountered and none of the children required further surgical intervention following a median follow-up of 26 months (14.5–41). Interestingly, we observed a significant reduction of PN requirement at 6 months (p = 0.008) associated with liver function preservation during the follow-up period.

Conclusion In our experience, SILT is a promising adjunct in the surgical management of SBS. It can be used to tailor and lengthen mildly dilated segments of the bowel where other procedures are technically challenging, with a view to reduce the risk of intestinal failure associated liver disease and thereby improving chances for quality survival. Further studies are needed to investigate long-term outcomes of SILT in pediatric SBS.
Quality of Life in Parents of Children Born with Esophageal Atresia
Authors: Witt Stefanie , Dellenmark-Blom Michaela , Dingemann Jens , Dingemann Carmen , Ure Benno M. , Gomez Barbara , Bullinger Monika , Quitmann Julia
Published: June 2018

Introduction For parents of chronically ill children, the experiences of caregiving are challenged by increased demands and restrictions imposed by their child's disease. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the quality of life (QoL) in parents of children born with esophageal atresia (EA) and to explore associated factors.

Materials and Methods Parents of children (2–17 years) with EA recruited from two German pediatric hospitals participated in this cross-sectional study about QoL in EA. Data on QoL, sociodemographic, and clinical characteristics were collected from parents and children. Parental QoL was assessed using the Short-Form 8 questionnaire, containing eight dimensions aggregated to a mental and physical health summary score which was compared with German representative population norms.

Results Forty-nine families (47 mothers and 40 fathers) participated in the study. Compared with German population norms, both mothers and fathers showed significantly lower mental component score (MCS) but no differences in physical component score (PCS). Within the study sample, parents of younger children (2–7 years), severe EA, or high school/kindergarten absence had lower MCSs compared with those with older, less severe, and less absent children. Parental female gender was associated with lower MCS as well as lower family income.

Conclusion Parents of children with EA reported lower mental health compared with the general population, especially mothers, and parents of young children, with severe EA, and a frequent school/kindergarten absence. This shows that parents may experience substantial emotional burden and highlights the need for psychosocial support for EA parents, especially in the first years.
Review of Early Postoperative Metrics for Children Undergoing Resection of Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformations and Report of Pleuropulmonary Blastoma at a Single Institution
Authors: Vandewalle Robert J. , Easton Joseph C. , Burns R. Cartland , Gray Brian W. , Rescorla Frederick J.
Published: June 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe a single institution's 11-year experience treating children with congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs) and pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB).

Materials and Methods An institutional database was sampled for all patients aged 0 to 18 years from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2015. Patients with a pathologic diagnosis of CPAM or PPB during this period were reviewed.

Results A total of 51 patients with a pathologic diagnosis of CPAM (n = 45; 88.2%) or PPB (n = 6; 11.8%) underwent surgical resection. Among patients treated for PPB, one death occurred approximately 13 months after diagnosis. Although four patients with PPB (four out of six; 66.7%) had radiographic indicators highly suggestive of malignancy prior to surgery, two had a preoperative diagnosis of CPAM (two out of six; 33.3%). Twenty-four patients (24 out of 45; 53.3%) with CPAM underwent resection after developing symptoms and 21 (21 out of 45; 46.7%) were symptomatic at the time of surgery. Mann–Whitney's tests revealed a statistically significant difference in postoperative length of stay (median: 6 vs. 3 days; p < 0.001) and days with thoracostomy tube in place (median 3 vs. 2 days; p = 0.003) for symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients, respectively.

Conclusion CPAM patients appear to recover faster from surgery, if performed before the onset of symptoms. There may be a benefit to waiting until at least 3 months of age to complete resection in the asymptomatic patient. A low threshold for resection should be maintained in patients where delineating CPAM from PPB is difficult.
Biomechanical Comparison of the Temporalis Muscle Fascia, the Fascia Lata, and the Dura Mater
Authors: Pukšec Mirjana , Semenski Damir , Ježek Damir , Brnčić Mladen , Karlović Sven , Jakovčević Antonia , Bosanac Goran , Jurlina Martin
Published: June 2018

The purpose of our research is to prove that elastic biomechanical characteristics of the temporalis muscle fascia are comparable to those of the fascia lata, which makes the temporalis muscle fascia adequate material for dural reconstruction in the region of the anterior cranial fossa. Fifteen fresh human cadavers, with age range from 33 to 83 years (median age: 64 years; mean age: 64.28 years), were included in the biomechanical study. Biomechanical stretching test with the comparison of elasticity among the tissues of the temporalis muscle fascia, the fascia lata, and the dura was performed. The samples were stretched up to the value of 6% of the total sample length and subsequently were further stretched to the maximum value of force. The value of extension at its elastic limit for the each sample was extrapolated from the force–extension curve and was 6.3% of the total sample length for the fascia lata (stress value of 14.61 MPa), 7.4% for the dura (stress value of 6.91 MPa), and 8% for the temporalis muscle fascia (stress value of 2.09 MPa). The dura and temporalis muscle fascia shared the same biomechanical behavior pattern up to the value of their elastic limit, just opposite to that of the fascia lata, which proved to be the stiffest among the three investigated tissues. There was a statistically significant difference in the extension of the samples at the value of the elastic limit for the fascia lata in comparison to the temporalis muscle fascia and the dura (p = 0.002; Kruskal–Wallis test). Beyond the value of elastic limit, the temporalis muscle fascia proved to be by far the most elastic tissue in comparison to the fascia lata and the dura. The value of extension at its maximum value of force for the each sample was extrapolated from the force–extension curve and was 9.9% of the sample's total length for the dura (stress value of 10.02 MPa), 11.2% for the fascia lata (stress value of 23.03 MPa), and 18.5% (stress value of 3.88 MPa) for the temporalis muscle fascia. There was a statistically significant difference in stress values at the maximum value of force between the dura and the temporalis muscle fascia (p = 0.001; Mann–Whitney U test) and between the dura and the fascia lata (p < 0.001; Mann–Whitney U test). Because of its elasticity and similarity in its mechanical behavior to the dura, the temporalis muscle fascia can be considered the most suitable tissue for dural reconstruction.
A lower bound on the renormalized Nelson model
Authors: Bley Gonzalo A.
Published: June 2018

We provide explicit lower bounds for the ground-state energy of the renormalized Nelson model in terms of the coupling constant α and the number of particles N, uniform in the meson mass and valid even in the massless case. In particular, for any number of particles N and large enough α, we provide a bound of the form −Cα2N3 log2(αN), where C is an explicit positive numerical constant; and if α is sufficiently small, we give one of the form −Cα2N3 log2 N for N ≥ 2 and −Cα2 for N = 1. Whereas it is known that the renormalized Hamiltonian of the Nelson model is bounded below (as realized by Nelson) and implicit lower bounds have been given elsewhere (as in a recent work by Gubinelli, Hiroshima, and Lörinczi), ours seem to be the first fully explicit lower bounds with a reasonable dependence on α and N. We emphasize that the logarithmic term in the bounds above is probably an artifact in our calculations since one would expect that the ground-state energy should behave as −Cα2N3 for large N or α, as in the polaron model of Fröhlich.
A dedicated system for in situ testing of gamma ray induced optical absorption and emission in optical materials
Authors: Malo Marta , García-Cortés Isabel , Muñoz Patricia , Moroño Alejandro , Hodgson Eric R.
Published: June 2018

Serious radiation damage due to the high energy neutron/gamma fluxes is expected for optical materials such as scintillators, windows, and lenses which will be part of the plasma diagnostics in future fusion devices. Radiation induced absorption represents a major concern for these components for which experimental validation under as near as possible reactor conditions becomes essential. A new experimental system has been developed at the CIEMAT Nayade 60Co gamma irradiation facility for in situ radiation induced optical absorption measurements, covering a spectral range between 370 and 730 nm. This setup consists in a rotating sample holder which allows one to collect incident light (reference signal) and transmitted light through the material to be tested as a function of irradiation dose. This is an advanced and robust system which overcomes the important experimental difficulties that radiation involves providing a valuable testing capability for transmission components and scintillators under realistic fusion conditions. A detailed description of the experimental arrangement, together with preliminary tests carried out for system validation is given in this paper.
On the influence of carbon contamination of reactor parts in active screen plasma nitrocarburizing processes
Authors: Burlacov Igor , Hamann Stephan , Spies Heinz-Joachim , Röpcke Jürgen , Biermann Horst
Published: June 2018

Compared to conventional plasma nitrocarburizing the active screen plasma nitrocarburizing technology reduces significantly the risk of soot production and cementite precipitation in the compound layer of nitrocarburized materials. However, in long-time treatments, the uncontrollable contamination even up to full saturation of the metallic active screen and of the walls of the used plasma reactor with carbon compounds is still a remaining factor of uncertainty. It may result in an increased carbon concentration or even in an appearance of the cementite phase in the compound layer of the treated steel surface, as in the case of 42CrMo4 (AISI 4140). The absolute concentration of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), in situ monitored by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, and the emission intensity of the CN (0–0) band of the violet system at a wavelength of λ = 388 nm, recorded by optical emission spectroscopy, were found to be reliable parameters to control the carburizing potential of the nitrocarburizing plasma. A close relationship was found between (i) the concentration of HCN and the CN band emission intensity with (ii) the level of the methane admixture in the feed gas and the time-dependent contamination effects of the active screen and other inner reactor surfaces with carbon compounds. Therefore, this relation could serve as a basis for an in-line control of the carburizing activity in plasma nitrocarburizing processes with methane admixture using an active screen.
Impact of cationic vacancies on the physical characteristics of multiferroic GdMnO3
Authors: Pal A. , Murugavel P.
Published: June 2018

The effects of cationic vacancies on the structural, dielectric, and magnetic properties are investigated in polycrystalline GdMnO3 samples. Samples with reduced cationic vacancies are synthesized by annealing under the forming gas atmosphere. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies show evidence for excess oxygen in terms of the Mn4+ content and reveal the increase in the Mn3+/Mn4+ ratio with increase in annealing time under forming gas conditions. Dielectric studies reveal two thermally activated relaxations in the low and high temperature regimes. Notably, the near stoichiometric Mn3+ rich samples show a negative temperature coefficient of ac conductivity in a certain temperature region along with better insulating properties. The magnetic measurements exhibit a gradual increase in the onset of weak ferromagnetic transition temperature with increase in the Mn3+ content in the sample and coincides with the Neel temperature (42 K) near stoichiometric composition. The studies demonstrate the effect of subtle change in oxygen non-stoichiometry on the dielectric and magnetic properties and bring out the importance of controlling stoichiometry in GdMnO3.
Lagged multi-affine height correlation analysis for exploring lagged correlations in complex systems
Authors: Wang Fang , Wang Lin , Chen Yuming
Published: June 2018

In order to analyze lagged correlations hidden in complex systems, we propose a new method by incorporating a time-lagged operator into the multi-affine height correlation analysis (MA-HCA). Application of this lagged MA-HCA to an artificially simulated example indicates that the method is feasible to successfully detect the existence of lagged correlations. We then apply this method to explore lagged correlations in series arising from three real-world complex systems.