bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alterations of microbiota in urine from women with interstitial cystitis
Authors: Siddiqui Huma , Lagesen Karin , Nederbragt Alexander J , Jeansson Stig L , Jakobsen Kjetill S
Published: September 2012

Background

Interstitial Cystitis (IC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder with unknown etiology. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbial community present in the urine from IC female patients by 454 high throughput sequencing of the 16S variable regions V1V2 and V6. The taxonomical composition, richness and diversity of the IC microbiota were determined and compared to the microbial profile of asymptomatic healthy female (HF) urine.

Results

The composition and distribution of bacterial sequences differed between the urine microbiota of IC patients and HFs. Reduced sequence richness and diversity were found in IC patient urine, and a significant difference in the community structure of IC urine in relation to HF urine was observed. More than 90% of the IC sequence reads were identified as belonging to the bacterial genus Lactobacillus, a marked increase compared to 60% in HF urine.

Conclusion

The 16S rDNA sequence data demonstrates a shift in the composition of the bacterial community in IC urine. The reduced microbial diversity and richness is accompanied by a higher abundance of the bacterial genus Lactobacillus, compared to HF urine. This study demonstrates that high throughput sequencing analysis of urine microbiota in IC patients is a powerful tool towards a better understanding of this enigmatic disease.
Internet-based psychoeducation for bipolar disorder: a qualitative analysis of feasibility, acceptability and impact
Authors: Poole Ria , Simpson Sharon A , Smith Daniel J
Published: September 2012

Background

In a recent exploratory randomised trial we found that a novel, internet-based psychoeducation programme for bipolar disorder (Beating Bipolar) was relatively easy to deliver and had a modest effect on psychological quality of life. We sought to explore the experiences of participants with respect to feasibility, acceptability and impact of Beating Bipolar.

Methods

Participants were invited to take part in a semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis techniques were employed; to explore and describe participants’ experiences, the data were analysed for emerging themes which were identified and coded.

Results

The programme was feasible to deliver and acceptable to participants where they felt comfortable using a computer. It was found to impact upon insight into illness, health behaviour, personal routines and positive attitudes towards medication. Many participants regarded the programme as likely to be most beneficial for those recently diagnosed.

Conclusions

An online psychoeducation package for bipolar disorder, such as Beating Bipolar, is feasible and acceptable to patients, has a positive impact on self-management behaviours and may be particularly suited to early intervention. Alternative (non-internet) formats should also be made available to patients.
Development of a diagnostic method for neosporosis in cattle using recombinant Neospora caninum proteins
Authors: Dong Jinhua , Otsuki Takahiro , Kato Tatsuya , Park Enoch Y
Published: September 2012

Background

Neosporosis is an infectious disease primarily of cattle and dogs, caused by intracellular parasite,Neospora caninum. Neosporosis appears to be a major cause of abortion in dairy cattle worldwide and causes to huge economic loss to dairy industry.

Results

Recombinant surface associated antigen 1 (NcSAG1), NcSAG1 related sequence 2 (NcSRS2) and the dense granule antigen 2 (NcGRA2) ofN. caninumwere expressed either in silkworm or inEscherichia coliand purified. The purified recombinant proteins bound to theN. caninum-specific antibodies in serum samples from infected cattle as revealed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). By co-immobilizing these recombinant proteins, a novel indirect ELISA was developed for detection of neosporosis. With the use of 32 serum samples, comprising 12 positive serum samples and 20 negative serum samples, the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were found to be 91.7 and 100%, respectively. Seventy-two serum samples from dairy farms were also tested and one was diagnosed with neosporasis with both this method and a commercial assay.

Conclusions

A diagnostic method employing recombinant proteins ofN. caninumwas developed. The method showed high sensitivity and specificity. Diagnostic test with field serum samples suggested its applicability to the practical diagnosis of neosporosis.
The German adaptation of the Cambridge pulmonary hypertension outcome review (CAMPHOR)
Authors: Cima Katharina , Twiss James , Speich Rudolf , McKenna Stephen P , Grünig Ekkehard , Kähler Christian M , Ehlken Nicola , Treder Ursula , Crawford Sigrid R , Huber Lars C , Ulrich Silvia
Published: September 2012

Background

Individuals with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) experience severely impaired quality of life. A disease-specific outcome measure for PH, the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) was developed and validated in the UK and subsequently adapted for use in additional countries. The aim of this study was to translate and assess the reliability and validity of the CAMPHOR for German-speaking populations.

Methods

Three main adaptation stages involved; translation (employing bilingual and lay panels), cognitive debriefing interviews with patients and validation (assessment of the adaptation’s psychometric properties). The psychometric evaluation included 107 patients with precapillary PH (60 females; age mean (standard deviation) 60 (15) years) from 3 centres in Austria, Germany and Switzerland.

Results

No major problems were found with the translation process with most items easily rendered into acceptable German. Participants in the cognitive debriefing interviews found the questionnaires relevant, comprehensive and easy to complete. Psychometric analyses showed that the adaptation was successful. The three CAMPHOR scales (symptoms, activity limitations and quality of life) had excellent test-retest reliability correlations (Symptoms = 0.91; Activity limitations = 0.91; QoL = 0.90) and internal consistency (Symptoms = 0.94; Activity limitations = 0.93; QoL = 0.94). Predicted correlations with the Nottingham Health Profile provided evidence of the construct validity of the CAMPHOR scales. The CAMPHOR adaptation also showed known group validity in its ability to distinguish between participants based on perceived general health, perceived disease severity, oxygen use and NYHA classification.

Conclusions

The CAMPHOR has been shown to be valid and reliable in the German population and is recommend for use in clinical practice.
A 21-day Daniel fast with or without krill oil supplementation improves anthropometric parameters and the cardiometabolic profile in men and women
Authors: Trepanowski John F , Kabir Mohammad M , Alleman Rick J , Bloomer Richard J
Published: September 2012

Background

The Daniel Fast is a vegan diet that prohibits the consumption of animal products, refined foods, white flour, preservatives, additives, sweeteners, flavorings, caffeine, and alcohol. Following this dietary plan for 21 days has been demonstrated to improve blood pressure, LDL-C, and certain markers of oxidative stress, but it has also been shown to lower HDL-C. Krill oil supplementation has been shown to increase HDL-C.

Methods

We investigated the effects of following a Daniel Fast dietary plan with either krill oil supplementation (2 g/day) or placebo supplementation (coconut oil; 2 g/day) for 21 days. The subjects in this study (12 men and 27 women) were heterogeneous with respect to body mass index (BMI) (normal weight, overweight, and obese), blood lipids (normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic), blood glucose (normal fasting glucose, impaired fasting glucose, and type 2 diabetic), and blood pressure (normotensive and hypertensive).

Results

Krill oil supplementation had no effect on any outcome measure (all p > 0.05), and so the data from the krill oil group and the placebo group were collapsed and analyzed to examine the effects of following a 21-day Daniel Fast. Significant reductions were observed in LDL-C (100.6 ± 4.3 mg/dL vs. 80.0 ± 3.7 mg/dL), the LDL:HDL ratio (2.0 ± 0.1 vs. 1.7 ± 0.1), fasting blood glucose (101.4 ± 7.5 mg/dL vs. 91.7 ± 3.4 mg/dL), fasting blood insulin (7.92 ± 0.80 μU/mL vs. 5.76 ± 0.59 μU/mL), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (2.06 ± 0.30 vs. 1.40 ± 0.21), systolic BP (110.7 ± 2.2 mm Hg vs. 105.5 ± 1.7 mm Hg), and body weight (74.1 ± 2.4 kg vs. 71.5 ± 2.3 kg) (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Following a Daniel Fast dietary plan improves a variety of cardiometabolic parameters in a wide range of individuals in as little as 21 days, and these improvements are unaffected by krill oil supplementation.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrial.govNCT01378767
Cervicothoracic spinal cord and pontomedullary injury secondary to high-voltage electrocution: a case report
Authors: Johl Harpreet K , Olshansky Adel , Beydoun Said R , Rison Richard A
Published: September 2012

Introduction

High-voltage electrical injuries are uncommonly reported and may predispose to both immediate and delayed neurologic complications.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 43-year-old Caucasian man who experienced a high-voltage electrocution injury resulting in ischemic myelopathy and secondary paraparesis.

Conclusion

High-voltage electrocution injuries are a serious problem with potential for both immediate and delayed neurologic sequelae. The existing literature regarding effective treatment of neurologic complications is limited. Long-term follow-up and multidisciplinary management of these patients is required.
Giant hydatid cyst of the liver with a retroperitoneal growth: a case report
Authors: Ettorre Giuseppe Maria , Vennarecci Giovanni , Santoro Roberto , Laurenzi Andrea , Ceribelli Cecilia , Di Cintio Antonio , Rizzi Elisa Busi , Antonini Mario
Published: September 2012

Introduction

Hydatid disease is a helminthic anthropozoonosis with worldwide distribution due to the close associations among sheep, dogs, and humans. It can occur almost anywhere in the body with a variety of imaging features, which may change according to the growth stage, associated complications, and affected tissues. A definitive diagnosis requires a combination of imaging, serologic and immunologic studies. Ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are highly accurate in detecting a hepatic hydatid cyst. However, hepatic hydatid cysts in an unusual location and/or of an unusual dimension, with atypical imaging findings, may complicate the differential diagnosis. Surgical treatment remains the best treatment.

Case presentation

We describe an unusual case of a giant hydatid cyst, with exophytic growth from the right lobe of the liver of a 55-year-old Egyptian man. The cyst was strongly adhered to his ipsilateral kidney, which was displaced in a downwards and anterior direction, close to his abdominal wall, simulating a retroperitoneal origin. This atypical growth raised doubts about the most appropriate surgical approach. Magnetic resonance imaging easily clarified the origin of the cyst as our patient’s liver, allowing accurate surgical planning.

Conclusion

Rarely, hydatid cysts can reach an extremely large size without any additional symptoms. Giant cysts need radical therapy because they might lead to perforation and anaphylaxis in some patients. Magnetic resonance imaging is very useful in the study of hydatid disease because of its capacity to allow a large field of view, multiplanar acquisition, and high contrast resolution. In some unusual hepatic presentations, magnetic resonance imaging can be used to determine the correct anatomical relationships.
Identification of genes with a correlation between copy number and expression in gastric cancer
Authors: Cheng Lei , Wang Ping , Yang Sheng , Yang Yanqing , Zhang Qing , Zhang Wen , Xiao Huasheng , Gao Hengjun , Zhang Qinghua
Published: September 2012

Background

To elucidate gene expression associated with copy number changes, we performed a genome-wide copy number and expression microarray analysis of 25 pairs of gastric tissues.

Methods

We applied laser capture microdissection (LCM) to obtain samples for microarray experiments and profiled DNA copy number and gene expression using 244K CGH Microarray and Human Exon 1.0 ST Microarray.

Results

Obviously, gain at 8q was detected at the highest frequency (70%) and 20q at the second (63%). We also identified molecular genetic divergences for different TNM-stages or histological subtypes of gastric cancers. Interestingly, the C20orf11 amplification and gain at 20q13.33 almost separated moderately differentiated (MD) gastric cancers from poorly differentiated (PD) type. A set of 163 genes showing the correlations between gene copy number and expression was selected and the identified genes were able to discriminate matched adjacent noncancerous samples from gastric cancer samples in an unsupervised two-way hierarchical clustering. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis for 4 genes (C20orf11, XPO5, PUF60, and PLOD3) of the 163 genes validated the microarray results. Notably, some candidate genes (MCM4 and YWHAZ) and its adjacent genes such as PRKDC, UBE2V2, ANKRD46, ZNF706, and GRHL2, were concordantly deregulated by genomic aberrations.

Conclusions

Taken together, our results reveal diverse chromosomal region alterations for different TNM-stages or histological subtypes of gastric cancers, which is helpful in researching clinicopathological classification, and highlight several interesting genes as potential biomarkers for gastric cancer.
Effect of emergency oral contraceptive use on condom utilization and sexual risk taking behaviours among university students, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wasie Belaynew , Belyhun Yeshambel , Moges Beyene , Amare Bemnet
Published: September 2012

Background

Young people between the ages of 15 and 24 years are both the most at risk of HIV and the greatest hope for turning the tide against HIV/AIDS. Although various surveys have been done on sexual behaviour of youth in Ethiopia, studies assessing the effect of emergency oral contraceptives on condom utilization of university students are lacking.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in two major universities of Ethiopia from January to May 2011 using structured self administered questionnaire with the aim to assess the effect of introducing oral emergency contraceptive pills on condom utilization and sexual risk taking behaviours among female university students. Study participants were selected by simple random sampling using the list from the associate registrars of each University. Data were entered, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with condom utilization.

Results

a total of 623 students out of 660 were included giving response rate of 94.4%. A total of 103(16.5%) had history of sexual intercourse and nearly half (45.6%) of them had sex before the age of 20 years. Forty (6.4%) students had history of sexually transmitted infections (STI). Sixty seven percent of students had heard about emergency oral contraceptives. One hundred and ninety one (45.7%) of students believe that EOC is effective in preventing pregnancy. Believing that EOC is effective in preventing pregnancy (adjusted Odds ratio, AOR = 0.22 95% CI 0.06, 0.87), condom prevents STI (AOR = 10.37, 95% CI 1.73, 62.24) and younger age below 20 years (AOR = 11.68 95% CI 1.25, 109.19) were statistically significantly associated with condom use.

Conclusion

a significant number of students had history of sexual intercourse and used emergency contraception. The belief in the effectiveness of EOC negatively affects condom use. The preference for the pill may make teenagers less prepared to practice STI protective behaviours in specific situations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to educate young people in universities about reproductive health and family planning and skills on how to prevent HIV/STIs including unwanted pregnancy.
Comparison of visibility for four self-expanding nitinol bare stents in vitro
Authors: Wiesinger Benjamin , Stütz Alexander , Schmehl Jörg , Groezinger Gerd , Claussen Claus Detlef , Wiskirchen Jakub
Published: September 2012

Background

Sufficient radiopacity of stents is a prerequisite for safe interventions and minimization of the radiation dose for the patient and the interventionist. Modern nitinol stents are considered less radiopaque compared to formerly used stents.

Purpose

To evaluate the objective detection rate (ODR) and the subjective radiopacity score (SRS) of four self-expanding nitinol stents with their markers on a phantom human pelvis.

Material and Methods

We evaluated the ODR (as a percentage of correctly identified stents) and the SRS (on a scale from 0 = not visible to 4 = excellent visibility) for four self-expanding nitinol stents (SinusSuperflex, SMART, Luminexx, Zilver) with 8 mm diameter and 40 mm length. Stents were placed on a phantom human pelvis and images of the stents were taken in four different positions (right and left lumbosacral joint and near the right and left limbus acetabuli) using the following modes: spotfilm, pulsed fluoroscopy (4, 7.5, 15, and 30 pulses/min) and at three different digital magnification modes. Dose area products (DAPs) were assessed.

Results

ODR and SRS, respectively, were significantly increased for the SMART stent compared to all other tested stents ( P < 0.05): SMART 93.53% and 2.43, SinusSuperflex 90.81% and 2.21, Luminexx 90.39% and 2.20, and Zilver 89.28% and 2.21. ODR was significantly reduced in position 3 where the bone overlap was more pronounced for all stents (detection rates 77.14-79.56%). An increase in magnification significantly improved the ODR and SRS for all stents (70.33-99.25% and 1.07-3.28, respectively, P < 0.05). Increased pulsing frequency did not improve the ODR of the various stents but did increase the DAP.

Conclusion

The SMART stent had the best overall performance. In the presence of bone overlap, all self-expanding nitinol stents had poor results. Increased pulsing frequency did not improve ODR or SRS but did increase the DAP. Use of digital magnification modes had no effect on DAP increasing ODR and SRS.
Summary of the Evidence of Breast Cancer Service Screening Outcomes in Europe and First Estimate of the Benefit and Harm Balance Sheet
Authors: Paci Eugenio
Published: September 2012

Objectives

To construct a European ‘balance sheet’ of key outcomes of population-based mammographic breast cancer screening, to inform policy-makers, stakeholders and invited women.

Methods

From the studies reviewed, the primary benefit of screening, breast cancer mortality reduction, was compared with the main harms, over-diagnosis and false-positive screening results (FPRs).

Results

Pooled estimates of breast cancer mortality reduction among invited women were 25% in incidence-based mortality studies and 31% in case-control studies (38% and 48% among women actually screened). Estimates of over-diagnosis ranged from 1% to 10% of the expected incidence in the absence of screening. The combined estimate of over-diagnosis for screened women, from European studies correctly adjusted for lead time and underlying trend, was 6.5%. For women undergoing 10 biennial screening tests, the estimated cumulative risk of a FPR followed by non-invasive assessment was 17%, and 3% having an invasive assessment. For every 1000 women screened biennially from age 50–51 until age 68–69 and followed up to age 79, an estimated seven to nine lives are saved, four cases are over-diagnosed, 170 women have at least one recall followed by non-invasive assessment with a negative result and 30 women have at least one recall followed by invasive procedures yielding a negative result.

Conclusions

The chance of saving a woman's life by population-based mammographic screening of appropriate quality is greater than that of over-diagnosis. Service screening in Europe achieves a mortality benefit at least as great as the randomized controlled trials. These outcomes should be communicated to women offered service screening in Europe.
Breast Cancer Mortality in Mammographic Screening in Europe: A Review of Incidence-Based Mortality Studies
Authors: Njor Sisse , Nyström Lennarth , Moss Sue , Paci Eugenio , Broeders Mireille , Segnan Nereo , Lynge Elsebeth
Published: September 2012

Objectives

To estimate the impact of service mammography screening on breast cancer mortality using European incidence-based mortality (IBM) studies (or refined mortality studies). IBM studies include only breast cancer deaths occurring in women with breast cancer diagnosed after their first invitation to screening.

Methods

We conducted a literature review and identified 20 publications based on IBM studies. They were classified according to the method used for estimating the expected breast cancer mortality in the absence of screening: (1) women not yet invited; (2) historical data from the same region as well as from historical and current data from a region without screening; and (3) historical comparison group combined with data for non-participants.

Results

The estimated effect of mammography screening on breast cancer mortality varied across studies. The relative risks were 0.76–0.81 in group 1; 0.75–0.90 in group 2; and 0.52–0.89 in group 3. Study databases overlapped in both Swedish and Finnish studies, adjustment for lead time was not optimal in all studies, and some studies had other methodological limitations. There was less variability in the relative risks after allowing for the methodological shortcomings.

Conclusions

Based on evidence from the most methodologically sound IBM studies, the most likely impact of European service mammography screening programmes was a breast cancer mortality reduction of 26% (95% confidence interval 13–36%) among women invited for screening and followed up for 6–11 years.
Overdiagnosis in Mammographic Screening for Breast Cancer in Europe: A Literature Review
Authors: Puliti Donella , Duffy Stephen W , Miccinesi Guido , De Koning Harry , Lynge Elsebeth , Zappa Marco , Paci Eugenio
Published: September 2012

Objectives

Overdiagnosis, the detection through screening of a breast cancer that would never have been identified in the lifetime of the woman, is an adverse outcome of screening. We aimed to determine an estimate range for overdiagnosis of breast cancer in European mammographic service screening programmes.

Methods

We conducted a literature review of observational studies that provided estimates of breast cancer overdiagnosis in European population-based mammographic screening programmes. Studies were classified according to the presence and the type of adjustment for breast cancer risk (data, model and covariates used), and for lead time (statistical adjustment or compensatory drop). We expressed estimates of overdiagnosis from each study as a percentage of the expected incidence in the absence of screening, even if the variability in the age range of the denominator could not be removed. Estimates including carcinoma in situ were considered when available.

Results

There were 13 primary studies reporting 16 estimates of overdiagnosis in seven European countries (the Netherlands, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, UK and Spain). Unadjusted estimates ranged from 0% to 54%. Reported estimates adjusted for breast cancer risk and lead time were 2.8% in the Netherlands, 4.6% and 1.0% in Italy, 7.0% in Denmark and 10% and 3.3% in England and Wales.

Conclusions

The most plausible estimates of overdiagnosis range from 1% to 10%. Substantially higher estimates of overdiagnosis reported in the literature are due to the lack of adjustment for breast cancer risk and/or lead time.
Relaxed imprinting of IGF2 in peripheral blood cells of patients with a history of prostate cancer
Authors: Belharazem Djeda , Kirchner Matthias , Geissler Franziska , Bugert Peter , Spahn Martin , Kneitz Burkhard , Riedmiller Hubertus , Sauer Christian , Küffer Stefan , Trojan Lutz , Bolenz Christian , Michel Maurice Stephan , Marx Alexander , Ströbel Philipp
Published: September 2012

Background

Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is the predominant IGF in adults and regulates cell growth. In contrast to normal tissues, where IGF2 is imprinted and only expressed from the paternal allele, loss of imprinting (LOI) and biallelic IGF2 expression are observed in many cancers including prostate cancer (PCa). We here studied whether LOI of IGF2 in normal circulating peripheral blood lymphocytes can predict increased PCa risk.

Samples and methods

We analyzed IGF2 protein levels, IGF2 820G/A genotype and imprinting status, as well as methylation status of the IGF2 imprinting control region (ICR) in 113 blood samples of patients with a history of radical prostatectomy (RPE) for PCa by ELISA, restriction-fragment length polymorphism, and bisulfite-DNA sequencing. Results were compared to 249 male blood donors with unknown prostate specific antigen (PSA) status.

Results

The 820G/A genotype was enriched in the RPE group and was associated with younger age at cancer diagnosis. LOI in patients was only slightly more frequent than in controls, but IGF2 levels were significantly higher and uncoupled from the imprinting status. Analysis of the IGF2/H19 ICR revealed marked hypermethylation.

Conclusions

The IGF 820G/A genotype is associated with PCa diagnosis at younger age. Increased IGF2 in patients with PCa appears to be the result of impaired imprinting in non-neoplastic cells rather than a paracrine tumor product. Uncoupling of IGF2 protein levels from imprinting status (not LOI alone) and hypermethylation of the ICR characterized PCa patients and could have the potential to indicate persons at risk in screening programs.
The progesterone-responsive gene 14-3-3τ enhances the transcriptional activity of progesterone receptor in uterine cells
Authors: Ito Masanori , Urano Tomohiko , Hiroi Hisahiko , Momoeda Mikio , Saito Mayuko , Hosokawa Yumi , Tsutsumi Ryo , Zenri Fumiko , Koizumi Minako , Nakae Hanako , Horie-Inoue Kuniko , Fujii Tomoyuki , Yano Tetsu , Kozuma Shiro , Inoue Satoshi , Taketani Yuji
Published: September 2012

Members of the 14-3-3 family are intracellular dimeric phosphoserine-binding proteins that can associate with and modulate the activities of many proteins. In our efforts to isolate the genes regulated by progesterone (P4) using suppressive subtractive hybridization, we previously found that14-3-3τis one of the genes upregulated by P4. In this study, we demonstrated by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot analyses, and immunohistochemistry that 14-3-3τ mRNA and protein levels were increased in the rat uterus after P4treatment. Furthermore, qRT-PCR indicated that P4increased14-3-3τmRNA levels in human endometrial epithelial cells and endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Western blot and qRT-PCR analyses revealed thatin vitrodecidualization using cAMP and medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate increased levels of 14-3-3τ mRNA and protein in ESCs. We have shown by qRT-PCR and western blot analyses that P4increased the mRNA and protein levels of 14-3-3τ in Ishikawa cells that stably express P4receptor-B (PR-B). Immunocytochemistry revealed that 14-3-3τ colocalizes with PR and translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in response to P4. Moreover, by luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrated that 14-3-3τ enhances the transcriptional activity of PR-B. Taken together, we propose that14-3-3τis a P4-responsive gene in uterine cells that modulates P4signaling.
Contribuição da nova sociologia econômica para repensar a economia no sentido do desenvolvimento sustentável
Authors: Lévesque Benoît
Published: September 2012

O artigo trata da eventual contribuição da nova sociologia econômica (NSE) para uma sociologia do desenvolvimento sustentável. Elaborada a partir do início dos anos 1980, a NSE busca dar conta da economia como totalidade social, o que já representa uma abertura ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Ademais, considerando a economia sob o prisma das instituições, das organizações, das redes e das formas de governança, ela reinscreve a economia no seio da sociedade. Isso seria trivial se essa concepção já fosse reconhecida por nossas sociedades e até mesmo por nossas disciplinas. Como nossa pesquisa documental é feita em duas etapas, tratamos na primeira parte do surgimento da NSE; na segunda parte, examinamos diversas abordagens que propõem uma reconstrução da economia como objeto sociológico. Em conclusão, nos perguntamos o que podemos apreender dessas abordagens, tendo em vista uma melhor compreensão do desenvolvimento sustentável.
Uma nova heurística para o problema de minimização de trocas de ferramentas
Authors: Chaves Antônio Augusto , Senne Edson Luiz França , Yanasse Horacio Hideki
Published: September 2012

O problema de minimização de troca de ferramentas (MTSP) busca uma sequência de processamento de um conjunto de tarefas, de modo a minimizar o número de trocas de ferramentas requeridas. Este trabalho apresenta uma nova heurística para o MTSP, capaz de produzir bons limitantes superiores para um algoritmo enumerativo. Esta heurística possui duas fases: uma fase construtiva que é baseada em um grafo em que os vértices correspondem a ferramentas e existe um arco k = (i, j) que liga os vértices i e j se e somente se as ferramentas i e j são necessárias para a execução de alguma tarefa k; e uma fase de refinamento baseada na meta-heurística Busca Local Iterativa. Resultados computacionais mostram que a heurística proposta tem um bom desempenho para os problemas testados, contribuindo para uma redução significativa no número de nós gerados de um algoritmo enumerativo.
Simulação humana digital na concepção de postos de trabalho: estudo comparativo de casos
Authors: Braatz Daniel , Menegon Nilton Luiz , Fontes Andréa Regina Martins , Tonin Luiz Antonio
Published: September 2012

Este artigo apresenta como a ferramenta computacional de Modelagem e Simulação Humana contextualizada pela Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET) e pela análise da Atividade Futura Possível pode auxiliar nos processos de projeto de postos de trabalho. São analisados dois estudos de caso nos quais a Simulação Humana foi empregada com auxílio do software Jack. O primeiro estudo aborda a concepção de um balcão de atendimento em uma empresa pública de serviços postais. O segundo apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma estação de trabalho de abastecimento de agulhas cirúrgicas em uma empresa de manufatura de produtos relacionados às áreas de saúde e higiene. A partir dos resultados dos estudos de caso, são explicitadas as contribuições e desafios da utilização dessa tecnologia em projetos visando equacionar as questões de saúde e produtividade. O uso da simulação integrada ao processo de intervenção da AET permitiu melhorar a antecipação das futuras atividades prováveis das novas situações de trabalho e auxiliou a integração e comunicação dos atores envolvidos nesses processos sociais.
A produção acadêmica publicada na revista Gestão & Produção de 1999 a 2010: tendências e direções para pesquisas futuras
Authors: Bortollossi Lucas Nogueira , Sampaio Mauro
Published: September 2012

Esta pesquisa analisou as publicações da revista Gestão & Produção (G&P) nos últimos doze anos. O objetivo foi identificar as tendências de pesquisa na área "Gestão da Produção e Operações" (POM): sua diversidade em termos de quantidade, tópico de interesse, fonte de dados, contribuição da pesquisa e redes sociais. Os artigos da revista G&P foram classificados quanto ao tipo de contribuição primária (conceitual, aplicação da teoria e construção de teoria), abordagem de coleta de dados (questionário, estudo de caso, pesquisa qualitativa, pesquisa de arquivo, pesquisa de laboratório), técnica de análise de dados (estatística básica, técnicas de análise multivariada e modelagem matemática) e tópico de interesse (estratégia de operações, qualidade, gestão da cadeia de suprimento, entre outros). Com o levantamento realizado, observa-se que a pesquisa em gestão de operações cresceu consideravelmente na última década. O foco dos artigos amadureceu, passou de uma ênfase de artigos descritivos para uma vertente mais voltada à aplicação de teoria. A principal das fontes foram casos. Sugestões de direções para pesquisas futuras foram propostas.
Plant response to climate change varies with topography, interactions with neighbors, and ecotype
Authors: Liancourt Pierre , Spence Laura A. , Song Daniel S. , Lkhagva Ariuntsetseg , Sharkhuu Anarmaa , Boldgiv Bazartseren , Helliker Brent R. , Petraitis Peter S. , Casper Brenda B.
Published: September 2012

Predicting the future of any given species represents an unprecedented challenge in light of the many environmental and biological factors that affect organismal performance and that also interact with drivers of global change. In a three‐year experiment set in the Mongolian steppe, we examined the response of the common grass Festuca lenensis to manipulated temperature and water while controlling for topographic variation, plant–plant interactions, and ecotypic differentiation. Plant survival and growth responses to a warmer, drier climate varied within the landscape. Response to simulated increased precipitation occurred only in the absence of neighbors, demonstrating that plant–plant interactions can supersede the effects of climate change. F. lenensis also showed evidence of local adaptation in populations that were only 300 m apart. Individuals from the steep and dry upper slope showed a higher stress/drought tolerance, whereas those from the more productive lower slope showed a higher biomass production and a greater ability to cope with competition. Moreover, the response of this species to increased precipitation was ecotype specific, with water addition benefiting only the least stress‐tolerant ecotype from the lower slope origin. This multifaceted approach illustrates the importance of placing climate change experiments within a realistic ecological and evolutionary framework. Existing sources of variation impacting plant performance may buffer or obscure climate change effects.
Protein supplementation reduces non‐grass foraging by a primary grazer
Authors: Odadi Wilfred O. , Karachi Moses K. , Abdulrazak Shaukat A. , Young Truman P.
Published: September 2012

It is believed that wildlife and livestock can coexist in semiarid savanna rangelands. However, this coexistence is threatened by intense competition for scarce, but nutritionally vital, forage resources. Specifically, there is evidence that grazing livestock seasonally compete for protein‐rich forbs (non‐grasses) with browsing and mixed‐feeding wildlife. While this has been attributed to protein needs, there are no experimental tests of whether grazers in such a context alter their diet selection when supplemented with protein. We compared forage selection between cattle supplemented with protein (cotton seedcake) and those not supplemented during dry and wet periods, in a semiarid African savanna rangeland where they have been demonstrated to compete with wildlife for forage. We further evaluated whether such dietary alteration affected the overall biting and movement behavior, nutrition, and performance of cattle, by comparing bite and step rates, diet quality (crude protein and digestible organic matter), forage intake, and live mass change between these treatment groups. During the dry period, relative consumption of forbs was 76% lower in supplemented cattle than in non‐supplemented cattle. Notably, supplemented cattle significantly avoided forbs relative to their abundance in the environment, while non‐supplemented cattle over‐sampled this herbage type. Conversely, selection and relative use of Brachiaria lachnantha, the most abundant grass species, and Bothriochloa insculpta, a grass species otherwise avoided, increased following protein supplementation. These patterns were similar but nonsignificant during the wet period. Bite and step rates, diet quality, forage intake, and performance were not significantly affected by protein supplementation in either period. Our study shows that foraging cattle partially trade off protein‐rich forbs for protein‐poor grasses when supplemented with protein, without suffering detrimental behavioral, nutritional, or performance consequences. These results broaden our understanding of the role of non‐grasses in the diets of “grazers” and suggest protein supplementation as a potential tool in managing coexistence between grazing livestock and browsing (forb‐consuming) wildlife.
Storage and export of organic matter in a headwater stream: responses to long‐term detrital manipulations
Authors: Eggert Sue L. , Wallace J. Bruce , Meyer Judy L. , Webster Jackson R.
Published: September 2012

Riparian habitats provide organic matter inputs that influence stream biota and ecosystem processes in forested watersheds. Over a 13‐yr period, we examined the effects of litter exclusion, small‐ and large‐wood removal, and the addition of leaf species of varying detrital quality on organic matter standing crop and export of organic and inorganic particles in a high‐gradient headwater stream. Using eight pretreatment years of export data and two pretreatment years of particulate organic matter (POM) standing crop data, we report on 21 and 15 years of continuous export and POM standing crop results, respectively. Litter exclusion resulted in the elimination of leaf standing crop by the end of year three. Wood and fine benthic organic matter (FBOM) standing crops declined significantly during the exclusion and wood removal periods, but never completely disappeared. Following the introduction of artificial wood structures for retention, the addition of fast, slow, and mixed breakdown leaves in the treatment stream resulted in significantly increased mean annual leaf standing crops. After five years of leaf addition, FBOM standing crop and fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) export remained below pre‐treatment levels. The reduction in leaf standing crop in the treatment stream resulted in significant increases in FPOM (2×), fine inorganic particulate (3×), and gravel export (10×). After small wood removal we observed significant increases in export of fine inorganic particulates (2×) and gravel (7×) from the treatment stream. A greater proportion of coarse and FBOM standing crop was exported from the treatment stream during the litter exclusion and small wood removal periods than from the reference stream. Following the addition of slow and mixed leaves this trend was reversed, demonstrating the importance of leaf standing crop in the retention of POM. Our long‐term experiment demonstrates that the quantity and type of riparian inputs to forested headwater streams will affect POM standing crop and export of POM and sediments to downstream ecosystems, and that small wood is more critical to retaining sediments and POM in small streams than previously recognized.
Investigating the dynamic interactions between supply and demand for rural sanitation, Malawi
Authors: Cole Ben , Pinfold John , Ho Goen , Anda Martin
Published: September 2012

Formative market research is the first step in developing evidence-based sanitation marketing programs. In Malawi, the design, implementation and evaluation of rural sanitation marketing programs has been limited. This study applied a mixed methodological approach to examine the dynamic interactions between the supply and demand of sanitation in three rural districts. The supply assessment identified an extremely limited range of latrine options. Sanitation suppliers reported very low household demand for their existing latrine options. An additional constraint reported by suppliers was householders' perception of a hardware subsidy for latrine construction. The demand assessment found a key constraint of constructing an unlined pit latrine was their short time-in-use (11–13 months). Householders expressed despondency at having to consistently rebuild collapsed, unlined pit latrines. For brick-lined latrines, a key barrier was affordability combined with an over-estimation of construction costs. Key motivations to construct brick-lined latrines included product attributes and social drivers. Wide variations in access to income and use of micro-finance organizations were recorded within and across the study sites. Formative market research is an iterative process from which new lines of investigation arise. This study provides information that will provide a foundation for the ongoing research, design, implementation and monitoring of rural sanitation marketing programs in Malawi.
Evaluation of DEWATS in Java, Indonesia
Authors: Kerstens S. M. , Legowo H. B. , Hendra Gupta I. B.
Published: September 2012

Under the Indonesian PPSP (Accelerated Sanitation Development for Human Settlements Program) thousands of new DEWATS (Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems) may be realized in the coming five years. Taking the massive scale of planned implementation into consideration an evaluation of the technical and financial-economic aspects and users' involvement for three different types of DEWATS was performed. Evaluated systems included (1) Settler (Set)+Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)+Anaerobic Filter (AF), (2) Digester+Set+ABR+AF and (3) Settler, equalization, activated sludge, clarifier, filtration. All three systems complied with the current regulations. System 3 suggested the best overall performance on selected parameters in the monitored period. A clear reduction in specific investment costs per household was found with an increasing number of households per system. Only daily, regular operational costs were recovered from fees collected by the community, whereas costs for desludging, major repairs and capital and replacement costs were not. Surveys with users showed a different degree of involvement of local men and women in the planning stages of the project for the systems. Recommendations are provided to scale up the introduction of DEWATS in a more sustainable way in the framework of a city wide sanitation strategy.
Experimental determination of thermal conductivity of soil with a thermal response test
Authors: Banjac Milos , Todorovic Maja , Ristanovic Milan , Galic Radoslav
Published: September 2012

Optimal design of a borehole heat exchanger, as the outer part of a ground
source heat pump heating system, requires information on the thermal
properties of the soil. Those data, the effective thermal conductivity of
the soil ?eff and the average temperature of the soil T0, enable us to
determine the necessary number and depth of boreholes. The determination of
thermal conductivity of the soil in laboratory experiments does not usually
coincide with the data under in-situ conditions. Therefore, an in-situ method
of experimental determination of these parameters, the so-called thermal
response test, is presented in this paper. In addition to the description of
the experimental procedure and installation overview, the paper describes
methods based on theory and presents their basic limitations, through the
presentation of experimental data.
Old Main Manufacturing: The Case of Unrecorded Sales Discounts
Authors: Peaden David , Stephens Nathaniel M.
Published: September 2012

The purpose of this case is to provide auditing students with an opportunity for applied learning in a realistic audit setting. The objectives of the case are: (1) to introduce students to the applied use of audit documentation, including the audit program and work papers; (2) to provide students with greater understanding of how various company records can be used by the auditor in his/her audit tests; (3) to demonstrate how the concept of materiality relates to the financial statement audit; and (4) to reinforce the importance of technical writing skills to effective and efficient communication of audit information. The case involves little class time, and students can complete the case in a very reasonable amount of time outside of class. Feedback from students has been very positive.
New techniques for laser beam atmospheric extinction measurements from manned and unmanned aerospace vehicles
Authors: Sabatini Roberto , Richardson Mark
Published: September 2012

Novel techniques for laser beam atmospheric extinction measurements, suitable for several air and space platform applications, are presented in this paper. Extinction measurements are essential to support the engineering development and the operational employment of a variety of aerospace electro-optical sensor systems, allowing calculation of the range performance attainable with such systems in current and likely future applications. Such applications include ranging, weaponry, Earth remote sensing and possible planetary exploration missions performed by satellites and unmanned flight vehicles. Unlike traditional LIDAR methods, the proposed techniques are based on measurements of the laser energy (intensity and spatial distribution) incident on target surfaces of known geometric and reflective characteristics, by means of infrared detectors and/or infrared cameras calibrated for radiance. Various laser sources can be employed with wavelengths from the visible to the far infrared portions of the spectrum, allowing for data correlation and extended sensitivity. Errors affecting measurements performed using the proposed methods are discussed in the paper and algorithms are proposed that allow a direct determination of the atmospheric transmittance and spatial characteristics of the laser spot. These algorithms take into account a variety of linear and non-linear propagation effects. Finally, results are presented relative to some experimental activities performed to validate the proposed techniques. Particularly, data are presented relative to both ground and flight trials performed with laser systems operating in the near infrared (NIR) at λ= 1064 nm and λ= 1550 nm. This includes ground tests performed with 10 Hz and 20 KHz PRF NIR laser systems in a large variety of atmospheric conditions, and flight trials performed with a 10 Hz airborne NIR laser system installed on a TORNADO aircraft, flying up to altitudes of 22,000 ft.
Valuation Theory. Part I
Authors: Bancerek Grzegorz , Kobayashi Hidetsune , Korniłowicz Artur
Published: September 2012

Valuation Theory. Part I

In the article we introduce a valuation function over a field [1]. Ring of non negative elements and its ideal of positive elements have been also defined.
Functional Space C(ω), C0(ω)
Authors: Kanazashi Katuhiko , Okazaki Hiroyuki , Shidama Yasunari
Published: September 2012

Functional Space C(ω), C0(ω)

In this article, first we give a definition of a functional space which is constructed from all complex-valued continuous functions defined on a compact topological space. We prove that this functional space is a Banach algebra. Next, we give a definition of a function space which is constructed from all complex-valued continuous functions with bounded support. We also prove that this function space is a complex normed space.
Operations of Points on Elliptic Curve in Projective Coordinates
Authors: Futa Yuichi , Okazaki Hiroyuki , Mizushima Daichi , Shidama Yasunari
Published: September 2012

Operations of Points on Elliptic Curve in Projective Coordinates

In this article, we formalize operations of points on an elliptic curve over GF(p). Elliptic curve cryptography [7], whose security is based on a difficulty of discrete logarithm problem of elliptic curves, is important for information security. We prove that the two operations of points: compellProjCo and addellProjCo are unary and binary operations of a point over the elliptic curve.