bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Online Tools for First Generation Business Start-ups Sustainability in Satara
Authors: Tatpuje Dipak U. , Ganbote Avinash
Published: March 2019

Entrepreneurship Education, Information Technology (IT) education, training, mentoring and post-training support is necessary to empower the rural youths for the establishment of their start-ups. Use of ‘IT’ in the business activity is now needed to cross geographical boundaries for its potential market. In this research, investigator studied effectiveness of various online tools and its impact upon the sustainability in terms of revenue generation of the business started by the youth in Satara. It is specifically related to rise in the rate of sale with the use of online tools. In this study, it is observed that well-organized training is found useful for capacity building of rural youth entrepreneurs and revenue generation in their start-ups through interventions of IT tools. During the training of participants of experimental group, market place simulations, IT product development, digital marketing and online platforms are found to be effective with social media platforms. It is for the interactive tele-collaboration and to develop latest skills with responsive webs, mobile and web apps. It is found useful to attract potential customers to the start-ups of the experimental group participants as compared to the start-ups of the participants of the control group.
groundWork Environmental Justice Action Climate Change Letter to South African President Cyril Ramaphosa, December 2018
Authors: Peek Bobby
Published: March 2019

groundWork is one of South Africa’s leading environmental justice organizations and the local affiliate of Friend of the Earth. It was formed in 1999 to support people’s struggles for environmental justice. In the most unequal of countries, groundWork is part of the struggle for an egalitarian society in which people can live well with each other and with the earth. The following letter was sent to South African President Cyril Ramaphosa in December 2018 urging him to take a Just Transition approach to climate change policies so that the economic and social transition eliminates poverty, improves public health, and strengthens the nation’s democracy.
Effect of Modified Broström Procedure With Periosteal Flap Augmentation After Subfibular Ossicle Excision on Ankle Stability
Authors: Park Chul Hyun , Park JeongJin
Published: March 2019

Background:

The study evaluated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the modified Broström procedure (MBP) with periosteal flap augmentation after large subfibular ossicle excision for chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI).

Methods:

Twenty-two CLAI cases with a large ossicle (≥10 mm) were treated consecutively using the MBP with periosteal flap augmentation after ossicle excision. The mean follow-up duration was 20 months (12-33). For clinical assessment, the visual analog scale (VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and Karlsson-Peterson score were evaluated preoperatively and at the last follow-up. For radiographic assessment, the size of the ossicle was measured by magnetic resonance imaging, and the talar tilt angle and anterior talar displacement were measured preoperatively and at the last follow-up.

Results:

The VAS, AOFAS, and Karlsson-Peterson scores improved from 6.3, 68.7, and 56.9 preoperatively to 1.6, 94.5, and 92.4 at the last follow-up, respectively. The mean size of the ossicles was 14.8 mm (11-21 mm). The talar tilt angle and anterior talar displacement improved from 11.2 degrees and 8.3 mm preoperatively to 4.4 degrees and 3.9 mm at the last follow-up, respectively.

Conclusion:

MBP combined with periosteal flap augmentation after ossicle excision provided good clinical and radiographic outcomes in CLAI with a large ossicle.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Hypnotherapy for the Treatment of Persistent Pain: A Literature Review
Authors: Taylor Douglas A , Genkov Kimberly A
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Persistent pain causes a significant decrease in quality of life and increases overall disability more than any other condition. Hypnotherapy is emerging as a treatment option for pain management; examination of this treatment modality and its effectiveness is needed. AIM(S): To examine evidence for effectiveness of hypnotherapy to treat persistent pain in adults. METHOD: A consolidated review was completed through searching biomedical and life sciences literature databases. RESULTS: Results were obtained through appraisal of six identified studies meeting inclusion criteria. Hypnotherapy decreases pain and improves pain-related function and quality of life outcomes to a greater extent than other psychological interventions or usual treatments. Furthermore, it has been shown to be effective in a variety of chronic pain conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Current treatment practices fail to alleviate pain adequately; there is sufficient evidence to suggest hypnotherapy as a viable treatment modality for persistent pain. However, more definitive studies are needed for it to be a first-line intervention.
Longitudinal stability of reading profiles in individuals with higher functioning autism
Authors: Solari Emily J , Grimm Ryan P , McIntyre Nancy S , Zajic Matthew , Mundy Peter C
Published: March 2019

The reading difficulties of individuals with autism spectrum disorders have been established in the literature, with particular attention drawn toward reading comprehension difficulties. Recent papers have highlighted the heterogeneous nature of reading abilities in this population by utilizing statistical methods that allow for investigations of unique reading profiles. This article extends this literature by investigating reading profiles longitudinally, to investigate the stability of reader profiles across time. Latent profile and transition analyses were conducted to establish categorically distinct reading profiles at two time points, 30 months apart. This study also examined whether age and autism symptom severity were related to the profiles at each time point. Finally, transitions between profiles at each time point were identified. Age did not predict profile membership, but there were significant differences in symptom severity that were largely stable over time. Results indicate that heterogeneous reading profiles exist within the autism population, ranging from average reading ability to severe difficulties across different reading subskills. The data from this study demonstrate that reading profiles of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders shift when examined across time.
Information security climate and the assessment of information security risk among healthcare employees
Authors: Kessler Stacey R , Pindek Shani , Kleinman Gary , Andel Stephanie A , Spector Paul E
Published: March 2019

Since 2009, over 176 million patients in the United States have been adversely impacted by data breaches affecting Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–covered institutions. While the popular press often attributes data breaches to external hackers, most breaches are the result of employee carelessness and/or failure to comply with information security policies and procedures. To change employee behavior, we borrow from the organizational climate literature and introduce the Information Security Climate Index, developed and validated using two pilot samples. In this study, four categories of healthcare professionals (certified nursing assistants, dentists, pharmacists, and physician assistants) were surveyed. Likert-type items were used to assess the Information Security Climate Index, information security motivation, and information security behaviors. Study results indicated that the Information Security Climate Index was related to better employee information security motivation and information security behaviors. In addition, there were observed differences between occupational groups with pharmacists reporting a more favorable climate and behaviors than physician assistants.
You need to show that you are not a robot
Authors: Fortunati Leopoldina , Manganelli Anna Maria , Cavallo Filippo , Honsell Furio
Published: March 2019

Given that today 60% of Internet traffic is generated by bots, ‘CAPTCHA’ (Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) tests that are supposedly impossible to be done by robots have been introduced. What are the cognitive and emotional effects of these tests on Internet users? Does this request to demonstrate they are not a robot affect users’ identity as human beings? To answer these questions, we selected two groups (117 and 116 respondents, respectively). An online questionnaire that differed only in the task was proposed: we asked the first group to complete some CAPTCHA tests, and the second group to complete some logic tests. In addition to other questions in both versions, we introduced the TLX scale (NASA). Preliminary results show that CAPTCHA execution is associated with feelings of alienation and that the user’s self-perception of humanity is influenced by the execution of the two different types of test.
Machine learning–based analysis of in-cylinder flow fields to predict combustion engine performance
Authors: Hanuschkin Alexander , Schober Steffen , Bode Johannes , Schorr Jürgen , Böhm Benjamin , Krüger Christian , Peters Steven
Published: March 2019

Cycle-to-cycle variations in an optically accessible four-stroke direct injection spark-ignition gasoline engine are investigated using high-speed scanning particle image velocimetry and in-cylinder pressure measurements. Particle image velocimetry allows to measure in-cylinder flow fields at high spatial and temporal resolution. Binary classifiers are used to predict combustion cycles of high indicated mean effective pressure based on in-cylinder flow features and engineered tumble features obtained during the intake and the compression stroke. Basic in-cylinder flow features of the mid-cylinder plane are sufficient to predict combustion cycles of high indicated mean effective pressure as early as 180 degree crank angle before the top dead center at 0 degree crank angle. Engineered characteristic tumble features derived from the flow field are not superior to the basic flow features. The results are independent of the tested machine learning method (multilayer perceptron and boosted decision trees) and robust to hyper-parameter selection.
Effects of mechanism reduction on the exergy losses analysis in n-heptane autoignition processes
Authors: Zhang Jiabo , Huang Zhen , Han Dong
Published: March 2019

Exergy analysis in the n-heptane autoignition process was numerically conducted in an adiabatic constant-volume system with the detailed, skeletal and reduced n-heptane chemical mechanisms. The results revealed that the top five contributors to the system entropy change are N2, CO2, H2O, O2 and n-heptane at all cases. The relative errors of the exergy losses by chemical reactions calculated by the three mechanisms were less than 1% for all the initial conditions, indicating that mechanism reduction does not significantly influence the calculation results of the exergy losses by chemical reactions. However, the calculation results of the exergy losses by incomplete combustion products were less convinced by the skeletal and reduced mechanisms, with the relative error up to 3.45%. However, the overall satisfactory agreement of the total exergy losses calculated by different mechanisms suggested that the skeletal and reduced mechanisms might be suitable for the exergy efficiency calculation in engine combustion simulation. Furthermore, reactions in the mechanisms were classified to eight classes according to the carbon chain length. It was observed that the skeletal and reduced mechanisms overestimated the exergy losses by the C0–C1 reactions but underestimated the exergy losses by the C2 reactions. The calculated exergy losses of the C7 reactions were relatively consistent when the detailed, skeletal and reduced mechanisms were used.
Towards encoding shape features with visual event-related potential based brain–computer interface for generative design
Authors: Cutellic Pierre
Published: March 2019

This article will focus on abstracting and generalising a well-studied paradigm in visual, event-related potential based brain–computer interfaces, for the spelling of characters forming words, into the visually encoded discrimination of shape features forming design aggregates. After identifying typical technologies in neuroscience and neuropsychology of high interest for integrating fast cognitive responses into generative design and proposing the machine learning model of an ensemble of linear classifiers in order to tackle the challenging features that electroencephalography data carry, it will present experiments in encoding shape features for generative models by a mechanism of visual context updating and the computational implementation of vision as inverse graphics, to suggest that discriminative neural phenomena of event-related potentials such as P300 may be used in a visual articulation strategy for modelling in generative design.
Barriers and Facilitators to Obtaining Informed Consent in a Critical Care Pediatric Research Ward in Southern Malawi
Authors: Manda-Taylor Lucinda , Liomba Alice , Taylor Terrie E. , Elwell Kristan
Published: March 2019

Informed consent is an ethical requirement in clinical research. Obtaining informed consent is challenging in resource-constrained settings. We report results of a formative qualitative study that examined factors that facilitate and hinder informed consent for clinical research among critically ill children in Malawi. We argue that truly informed consent in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is challenged by parental distress, time constraints when balancing care for critically ill patients with research-related tasks, and social hierarchies and community mistrust toward certain research procedures. We interviewed health care providers and parents of children attending a critical care unit to identify potential challenges and solicit strategies for addressing them. Providers and caregivers suggested practical solutions to enhance research participant understanding of clinical trial research, including the use of visual materials, community engagement strategies, and using patients as advocates in promoting understanding of research procedures.
Subsidiarity: Bridging the gap between the ideal and reality
Authors: Lopatka Reinhold
Published: March 2019

There is no alternative to the megaproject we call the ‘European Union’. But it could be brought much closer to the citizens of Europe by putting the principles of subsidiarity into effect in more practical ways. This requires greater involvement by national, regional and local stakeholders. Subsidiarity means less Europe where EU-level action would not add value, but more Europe where we need Europe-wide efforts. The new Austrian government wants to shape the EU in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity. What can be done? How can national, regional and local authorities play a greater role in the legislative process? It would help if the member states could be given more time to examine whether new proposals for EU legislation conform to the principle of subsidiarity. This would mean extending the eight-week period that is currently allotted for carrying out these examinations. Directives should be preferred over regulations, and the use of delegated acts should be restricted. A ‘Green Card’ procedure could expand the political dialogue aimed at initiating new EU legislation. And efforts to improve EU legislation linked to subsidiarity should focus on reducing overregulation and bridging the gap between the ideal and the real.
Suitability of Using the Hamate for Reconstruction of the Finger Middle Phalanx Base: An Assessment of Cartilage Thickness
Authors: Podolsky Dale J. , Mainprize James , McMillan Catherine , Binhammer Paul
Published: March 2019

Background:

Osteochondral grafts are indicated for reconstructing the finger middle phalanx base when there is greater than 50% involvement of the articular surface and significant comminution. This study aims to compare the cartilage thickness of the distal surface of the hamate to the finger middle phalanx base to assess its suitability as an osteochondral graft.

Methods:

A 3-dimensional laser scanner and computer modelling techniques were utilized to determine the cartilage thickness of the distal surface of the hamate, and finger middle phalanx base using cadaver specimens. The mean, maximum, and coefficient of variation (CV%; a measure of uniformity of cartilage distribution), as well as cartilage distribution maps were determined.

Results:

The mean cartilage thickness of the hamate was 0.73 ± 0.08 mm compared to the average mean thickness of the finger middle phalanx base of 0.40 ± 0.12 mm. The maximum cartilage thickness of the hamate was 1.27 ± 0.14 mm compared to the average maximum of the finger middle phalanx base of 0.67 ± 0.14 mm. The CV% of the hamate was 27.8 ± 4.2 compared to the average CV% for the finger middle phalanx base of 26.6 ± 8.1. The hamate and finger middle phalanx base have maximum areas that were most frequently at or spanning the median ridge; however, this was more consistently observed with the hamate.

Conclusion:

The distal surface of the hamate is a suitable osteochondral graft with respect to cartilage thickness and distribution providing sufficient cartilage for reconstruction of the finger middle phalanx base.
Le Fort III in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: Cost Comparison of Distraction Osteogenesis Versus Single-Stage Internal Fixation Techniques
Authors: Mosa Adam J. , Zellner Elizabeth , Ho Emily S. , Fisher Mark D. , Phillips John H. , Forrest Christopher R.
Published: March 2019

Purpose:

In syndromic craniosynostosis, the Le Fort III osteotomy is used to correct dental/skeletal imbalance, improve exorbitism, and increase the airway. The purpose of this study is to perform a cost comparison between the standard technique of single-stage rigid internal fixation and distraction osteogenesis (DO) in the Le Fort III osteotomy in this patient population.

Method:

Hospital cost accounting databases were queried for patients undergoing single-stage advancement (SS) or DO from 2007 to 2016. Nominal cost data were adjusted using the Bank of Canada Consumer Price Index. Reported costs represented the full length of stay for all utilization per patient. Demographic information and cost data for single-stage osteotomy and DO were compared.

Results:

Total costs for single-stage (n = 8) were higher than distraction (n = 6; mean $CAD57 825 vs $38 268, P < .05). Intensive care unit (ICU) costs for single-stage were significantly higher than distraction (mean, $17 746 vs $5585, P < .005). Distraction cases had higher operating room (OR) costs than single stage, but the difference was not significant (mean, $12 540 vs $9696). Length of stay was significantly longer for SS patients (mean, 11 days vs 7 days, P < .05).

Conclusions:

This single-institution retrospective cost analysis indicates standard SS rigid internal fixation Le Fort III is more costly than DO. Despite higher OR costs, prolonged ICU and hospital stay was the primary reason behind this difference. This information may be of benefit when advocating for new technology perceived as high cost.
Multiple feedback mechanisms fine-tune Rho signaling to regulate morphogenetic outcomes
Authors: Ong Katy , Collier Camille , DiNardo Stephen
Published: March 2019

Rho signaling is a conserved mechanism for generating forces through activation of contractile actomyosin. How this pathway can produce different cell morphologies is poorly understood. In the Drosophila embryonic epithelium, we investigate how Rho signaling controls force asymmetry to drive morphogenesis. We study a distinct morphogenetic process termed ‘alignment’. This process results in striking columns of rectilinear cells connected by aligned cell–cell contacts. We found that this is driven by contractile actomyosin cables that elevate tension along aligning interfaces. Our data show that polarization of Rho effectors, Rok and Dia, directs formation of these cables. Constitutive activation of these effectors causes aligning cells to instead invaginate. This suggests that moderating Rho signaling is essential to producing the aligned geometry. Therefore, we tested for feedback that could fine-tune Rho signaling. We discovered that F-actin exerts negative feedback on multiple nodes in the pathway. Further, we present evidence that suggests that Rok in part mediates feedback from F-actin to Rho in a manner independent of Myo-II. Collectively, our work suggests that multiple feedback mechanisms regulate Rho signaling, which may account for diverse morphological outcomes.
Analysis of differential gene expression and alternative splicing is significantly influenced by choice of reference genome
Authors: Slabaugh Erin , Desai Jigar S. , Sartor Ryan C. , Lawas Lovely Mae F. , Jagadish S.V. Krishna , Doherty Colleen J.
Published: March 2019

RNA-seq analysis has enabled the evaluation of transcriptional changes in many species including nonmodel organisms. However, in most species only a single reference genome is available and RNA-seq reads from highly divergent varieties are typically aligned to this reference. Here, we quantify the impacts of the choice of mapping genome in rice where three high-quality reference genomes are available. We aligned RNA-seq data from a popular productive rice variety to three different reference genomes and found that the identification of differentially expressed genes differed depending on which reference genome was used for mapping. Furthermore, the ability to detect differentially used transcript isoforms was profoundly affected by the choice of reference genome: Only 30% of the differentially used splicing features were detected when reads were mapped to the more commonly used, but more distantly related reference genome. This demonstrated that gene expression and splicing analysis varies considerably depending on the mapping reference genome, and that analysis of individuals that are distantly related to an available reference genome may be improved by acquisition of new genomic reference material. We observed that these differences in transcriptome analysis are, in part, due to the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms between the sequenced individual and each respective reference genome, as well as annotation differences between the reference genomes that exist even between syntenic orthologs. We conclude that even between two closely related genomes of similar quality, using the reference genome that is most closely related to the species being sampled significantly improves transcriptome analysis.
Effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and growth in infancy on fat mass and fat free mass indices in early adolescence: an analysis of the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study (EMaBs) cohort
Authors: Nsamba Jonathan , Lule Swaib A. , Namara Benigna , Zziwa Christopher , Akurut Hellen , Lubyayi Lawrence , Akello Florence , Tumusiime Josephine , Elliott Alison M. , Webb Emily L.
Published: March 2019

Background: There is limited data from Africa on the effect of pre- and post-natal growth and infant feeding on later body composition. This study's aim was to investigate the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on adolescent body composition, using data from a Ugandan birth cohort.

Methods: Data was collected prenatally from pregnant women and prospectively from their resulting live offspring. Data on body composition (fat mass index [FMI] and fat free mass index [FFMI]) was collected from 10- and 11-year olds. Linear regression was used to assess the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on FMI and FFMI, adjusting for confounders.

Results: 177 adolescents with a median age of 10.1 years were included in analysis, with mean FMI 2.9 kg/m2 (standard deviation (SD) 1.2), mean FFMI 12.8 kg/m2 (SD 1.4) and mean birth weight 3.2 kg (SD 0.5). 90 (50.9%) were male and 110 (63.2%) were exclusively breastfeeding at six weeks of age. Birth weight was associated with FMI in adolescence (regression coefficient β= 0.66 per kg increase in birth weight, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.04, 1.29), P=0.02), while exclusive breastfeeding (β= -0.43, 95% CI (-1.06, 0.19), P=0.12), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.24 95% CI (-0.43, 0.92), P=0.48) and growth 6-12 months (β= 0.61, 95% CI (-0.23, 1.46), P=0.11) were not associated with FMI among adolescents. Birth weight (β= 0.91, 95% CI (0.17, 1.65), P=0.01) was associated with FFMI in adolescence. Exclusive breastfeeding (β= 0.17, 95% CI (-0.60, 0.94), P=0.62), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.56, 95% CI (-0.20, 1.33), P= 0.10), and growth 6-12 months (β= -0.02, 95% CI (-1.02, 0.99), P=0.97) were not associated with FFMI.

Conclusions: Birth weight predicted body composition parameters in Ugandan early adolescents, however, exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks of age and growth in infancy did not.
Data linkage in medical science using the resource description framework: the AVERT model
Authors: Reddy Brian P , Houlding Brett , Hederman Lucy , Canney Mark , Debruyne Christophe , O'Brien Ciaran , Meehan Alan , O'Sullivan Declan , Little Mark A
Published: March 2019

There is an ongoing challenge as to how best manage and understand ‘big data’ in precision medicine settings. This paper describes the potential for a Linked Data approach, using a Resource Description Framework (RDF) model, to combine multiple datasets with temporal and spatial elements of varying dimensionality. This “AVERT model” provides a framework for converting multiple standalone files of various formats, from both clinical and environmental settings, into a single data source. This data source can thereafter be queried effectively, shared with outside parties, more easily understood by multiple stakeholders using standardized vocabularies, incorporating provenance metadata and supporting temporo-spatial reasoning. The approach has further advantages in terms of data sharing, security and subsequent analysis. We use a case study relating to anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) disease, a rare autoimmune condition, to illustrate a technical proof of concept for the AVERT model.
DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY SIGNS OF CEREBROVASCULAR INSUFFICIENCY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Квасникова Юлия , Kvasnikova Yuliya , Меньшикова Ираида , Men'shikova Iraida , Магаляс Елена , Magalyas Elena , Скляр Ирина , Sklyar Irina
Published: March 2019

A new method of diagnosis of cerebral circulation insufficiency in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is presented. The essence of the method consists in determining the patient's age, smoking index, oxygen partial pressure in arterialized blood (pO2), forced expiratory volume per 1st second (FEV1), the level of hemoglobin in the clinical analysis of blood, and solution of the regression equation. The numerical value of the equation of 70 or more points allows to diagnose the presence of signs of cerebral circulation insufficiency, less than 70 points - their absence. Preliminary correlation analysis was carried out in 67 patients with COPD using statistical package STATISTICA 6.1 between the following variables: age, smoking index, pO2, FEV1, hemoglobin level. The coefficient of multiple determination (R2) was 0.79 (79.0%), which confirms the reliability of the model prediction. The invention relates to medicine, namely, internal diseases, in particular to pulmonology and can be used for the diagnosis of early signs of cerebral circulation insufficiency in patients with COPD for the purpose of a differentiated approach to the choice of therapeutic and preventive measures. The problem solved by the invention is to create a method that allows to detect disorders in the state of cerebral circulation in patients with COPD to improve the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive measures and improve the prognosis of the disease.
MODERN ASPECTS OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
Authors: Круглякова Людмила , Kruglyakova Lyudmila , Нарышкина Светлана , Naryshkina Svetlana , Одиреев Андрей , Odireev Andrey
Published: March 2019

Thanks to a large number of studies on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) by scientists around the world, new data are emerging on various aspects of the problem. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly update knowledge on this issue. Despite the tendency to decrease in recent years, the incidence of CAP is 5-10 cases per 1 thousand of the population. In the structure of the general morbidity of respiratory diseases, CAP ranks 2nd in the adult population and 1st in children. Mortality from CAP ranges from 5% to 25-50% depending on the severity, mechanisms of development and personality of the patient (age, nutritional status, concomitant diseases, immune system, etc.), increasing with the growth of diseases of the upper respiratory tract caused by pneumotropic viruses. The clinical lecture presents current data on the features of etiology, previously little known mechanisms of the pathogenesis of CAP, the clinic of typical bacterial, viral, fungal, mycoplasmic and parasitic CAP, as well as the features of the disease in patients with severe immune disorders (AIDS, other diseases/pathological conditions) and aspiration pneumonia. In short form there are discussed the main recommendations for the treatment of CAP in various clinical groups: outpatients, persons with mild CAP, patients with severe CAP with suspected infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and aspiration.
Career Choices of PhD Graduates in the Social Sciences and Humanities
Authors: Majerová Dagmara
Published: March 2019

How successful are PhD graduates in the Social Sciences and Humanities when stepping out beyond the academic setting, or else entering professional circles within the academic structures, namely research and lecturing positions? The aim of this article is to present partial results of a qualitative research undertaken in Slovakia as a part of the international POCARIM project, mapping career paths of PhD graduates in Social Sciences and Humanities. This article discusses various aspects shaping career paths of such graduates. The empirical sampling provides facts for our reflection regarding qualified researchers and their experience. Each respondent has his/her own life story and the analysis is accompanied with some of the actual examples. It shows how the decisionmaking process can develop and what directions a career path can take. Based on narrative accounts, basic factors affecting a postdoctoral course of life were identified and analised from three basic points of view, namely: gender, economic and individual.
Drogi i manowce kulturoznawstwa
Authors: Raźny Anna
Published: March 2019

PATHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS OF CULTURAL STUDIESThe problem raised in the article concerns the essence of cultural studies: What should it be in its diversity? What is the purpose of cultural studies in general? What anthological and axiological notions should construct its basis? These and similar questions form the leading idea of the text, presenting in an essential form the most important dilemmas faced by scientists involved in the study of culture, broadly understood. Truth, realism, instrumentalism or pragmatism are just some of the phenomena that set the path, or rather paths for cultural studies. The choice of these paths at the same time defines individual cultural studies (not only Polish, but also British, German, French or Russian) and leads to non-identical goals and “destinations”.
The NHS Long Term Plan
Authors: Winter George
Published: March 2019

Earlier this year, the NHS published its Long Term Plan. Here, George Winter discusses what the plan will mean to the NHS and how it will affect pharmacist prescribers.
Implications of the use of migrant care work and web-based services on family caregivers’ health
Authors: Lamura Giovanni , Rosa Mirko Di , Papa Roberta , Poli Arianna , Barbabella Francesco
Published: March 2019

This article illustrates the implications of two recent trends on family carers’ health: the employment of home-based migrant care workers; and the provision of web-based supports. The main factors traditionally associated with carers’ health are used to analyse the results of a six-country study via a multilevel linear regression. Attention will be dedicated to the role of migrant care workers, who are often hired by private households to provide eldercare. Finally, web-based services for carers will be investigated by considering InformCare, a recently implemented European platform tested on a sample of carers from three countries (Germany, Italy and Sweden).
Exploring intergenerational, intra-generational and transnational patterns of family caring in minority ethnic communities: the example of England and Wales
Authors: Victor Christina R. , Dobbs Christine , Gilhooly Kenneth , Burholt Vanessa
Published: March 2019

We investigated family caring using established questions from national surveys of 1,206 adults aged 40+ from six minority ethnic communities in England and Wales. We included in our analysis factors that predisposed caring (age, sex, marital status and household composition) and enabled caring (health, material resources, education, employment and cultural values). In the general population, 15% of adults are family carers. Three groups reported lower levels of caring (Black African [12%], Chinese [11%] and Black Caribbean [9%]) and three reported higher levels of caring (Indian [23%], Pakistani [17%] and Bangladeshi [18%]). However, ethnicity predicted caring independent of other factors only for the Indian group.
Genetic variation in phenology and growth among and within Norway spruce populations from two altitudinal transects in Mid-Norway
Authors: Skrøppa Tore , Steffenrem Arne
Published: March 2019

Progenies from open pollinated cones collected in natural populations of Norway spruce ( (L. Karst.)) distributed along two altitudinal transects in Mid-Norway were tested in the nursery, in short term tests and in long-term field trials. The populations showed clinal variation related to the mean annual temperatures of the populations, with the earliest bud flush and cessation of shoot elongation and lowest height at age nine years for the high altitude populations. Within population variation was considerable as the narrow sense heritability for these traits was 0.67, 0.31 and 0.09 in one transect and 0.55, 0.18 and 0.14 in the other transect, respectively. Lammas shoots occurred in the short term trials with large variation in frequency between years. There was significant family variation for this trait, but also interactions between populations and year. The variance within populations was considerably larger in the populations from low altitude compared to the high-altitude populations. Significant genetic correlations between height and phenology traits and damage scores indicate that families flushing early and ceasing growth late were taller. Taller families also had higher frequencies of damages. Selection of the top 20% families for height growth in short term tests at age nine years gave a simulated gain of 11% increased height growth at age 18 years in long term trials at altitudes similar to those of origin of the populations. The gain was negative when high altitude populations were selected based on testing in the lowland.Picea abies
Talleres de escritura mediados por recursos informáticos para la producción de textos argumentativos
Authors: Macías Uribe Henry Alberto , Silva Román Nayibe
Published: March 2019

Los resultados de las Pruebas Saber del área de lenguaje en los grados quinto, entre los años 2012-2014, evidenciaron algunas dificultades en las competencias de lectura y escritura en una institución del sector oficial, en el municipio de Girón, Santander. Ante este precedente, surgió la pregunta: ¿Cómo los talleres de escritura, apoyados en recursos informáticos influyen en la producción de textos argumentativos en estudiantes de básica secundaria? Para responder, se trazaron como objetivos: reflexionar sobre las características de los escritos de los estudiantes; diseñar una propuesta, apoyada en recursos informáticos para la producción de textos argumentativos; revisar el impacto de los recursos informáticos en los procesos de escritura. La población fueron estudiantes de 13 a 15 años, de estratos socioeconómicos 1 y 2, que cursaban octavo grado. La metodología fue cualitativa con un enfoque de investigación acción (IA). El enfoque pedagógico fue el trabajo colaborativo para la producción textual. Los resultados señalan un impacto positivo, impulsado por la motivación de utilizar herramientas tecnológicas en su proceso de escritura.
Acidente nuclear de Goiânia nos libros didáticos de física
Authors: Rosa Cleci Teresinha Werner da , Roza da Silva Júpiter Cirilio da , Darroz Luiz Marcelo
Published: March 2019

O presente estudo parte da identificação da necessidade de introduzir tópicos de Física Nuclear no ensino médio, bem como de inserir uma abordagem didática voltada às discussões envolvendo Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade (CTS). Tais aspectos, que são consubstanciados pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCNs), definem o objetivo da investigação, que se ocupa de analisar a forma como o acidente nuclear de Goiânia, sucedido em 1987, e que, portanto, completa 30 anos em 2017, é abordado nos livros didáticos de Física recomendados no Plano Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) 2015. Para tanto, discute-se a forma como o conteúdo de Física Moderna e Contemporânea tem sido agregado ao ensino médio. Essa reflexão, somada à discussão sobre a importância de debater os acidentes nucleares no contexto escolar é pautada pelo relato sobre o episódio ocorrido em Goiânia, considerado o maior acidente nuclear da história brasileira. Como resultados, o estudo acena para a presença tímida deste acidente nos livros didáticos analisados, bem como para a necessidade de abordar questões como essa no contexto escolar como forma de contribuí para a alfabetização científica dos jovens.
Atitudes de alunos em relação a seres vivos e ecossistemas
Authors: Figueiredo de Almeida David , Barros Marcello Yolanda Maria , Dalmácio Cordeiro Anthony Basílio , Costa Alves Nayron
Published: March 2019

Investigando as atitudes de alunos de uma escola secundária da Amazônia brasileira, observamos, por exemplo, que não há diferenças estatisticamente significativas na atitude estética dos alunos em relação a Cerrado (um tipo brasileiro de Savana) e Desertos. Oceanos, mesmo não fazendo parte da geografia local, sobressaíram-se em relação ao Cerrado, em todos os casos. As evidências indicaram ainda que a Floresta Amazônia é o ecossistema mais apreciado pelos alunos. Em relação aos Seres Vivos, as atitudes dos alunos para Microorganismos foram mais negativistas que a Plantas e Animais, enquanto que esses últimos se destacaram mais em atitudes dos tipos utilitarista, estética, ecológica e naturalista. Sugerimos a importância de atividades educativas que valorizem a formação de atitudes culturalmente diversas em relação aos organismos e aos ecossistemas pouco apreciados pelos alunos.
El pensamiento crítico en la formación de profesores de ciencias naturales
Authors: Castiblanco Abril Olga Lucia
Published: March 2019

Al parecer, en nuestra sociedad estamos requiriendo cada vez con mayor fuerza de profesionales de la enseñanza que tengan sentido crítico y reflexivo sobre sí mismos, como sujetos individuales y también como sujetos de una sociedad. Pero se requiere que además puedan transmitir este sentido a sus estudiantes y en general a su entorno para que un día seamos sociedades críticas y reflexivas. Muchos eventos de índole política y también académica en el mundo indican que las sociedades no construyen criterios sólidos para la toma de decisiones y por ello acaban siendo víctimas de las mismas decisiones que toman con base en intereses particulares, miedos, creencias poco fundamentadas, forcejeos de poder, modas, sin tener consciencia de los efectos de sus decisiones como sociedad y, por supuesto, como individuos, en lo social y en lo académico.
Lowering the NYM 2x1.5mm2 Cable Installation Temperature By Adjusting the Bend Angle
Authors: Manfaluthy Mauludi , Syukur Muhammad , Supriyadi Adi
Published: March 2019

Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan tingginya temperatur pada instalasi kabel listrik adalah posisi kabel yang ditekuk. Pemasangan instalasi listrik di rumah maupun pabrik tidak selalu lurus, dalam keadaan tertentu dan pada lokasi tertentu pemasangan kabel mengharuskan penekukan. Penekukan kabel yang tidak memperhitungkan sudut penekukan menghasilkan kenaikan temperature yang tinggi sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya isolasi terbakar dan kawat penghantar meleleh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menurunkan temperature instalasi Kabel NYM 2 x 1,5mm2 dengan mengatur sudut penekukan. Instalasi kabel NYM 2 x 1.5mm2 dialiri arus dengan variasi 5A, 10A, 17A, 18A dan 19A dengan sudut tekukan kabel adalah pada 30o, 60o, 90o, 120o , dan kabel ditekuk balik. Pengujian menggunakan alat test Omicron CPC 100 yang mampu mengeluarkan tegangan output hingga 2kV AC dengan arus listrik sebesar 800A AC dan 400A DC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa instalasi kabel dengan sudut penekukan yang tumpul mengurangi temperatur secara signifikan sehingga isolasi tidak terbakar dan kawat penghantar tidak meleleh. Instalasi kabel dengan sudut penekukan lancip (300) menyebabkan temperature naik secara signifikan sehingga isolasi lebih mudah terbakar.
Risk Assessment of Information System of Faculty of Engineering University Diponegoro Using Failure Mode Effect and Analysis Method based on Framework ISO 27001
Authors: Handayani Naniek Utami , Wibowo Mochammad Agung , Sari Diana Puspita , Satria Yoga , Gifari Akbar Romadhona
Published: March 2019

Kebocoran data dan penyalahgunaan informasi oleh pihak yang tidak berkepentingan yang pernah terjadi mengharuskan perlindungan terhadap keamanan Sistem Informasi di Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro (SIFT UNDIP) untuk terus ditingkatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko, menganalisis manajemen keamanan sistem informasi, dan menentukan prioritas risiko pada SIFT UNDIP. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode Failure Mode Effect and Analysis berbasis framework ISO 27001. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat 25 risk agent pada SIFT UNDIP yang dikategorikan menjadi empat jenis asset. Risiko tertinggi pada kategori High Level Risk adalah risiko ketergantungan terhadap karyawan dengan nilai Risk Priority Number sebesar 80.
Learning from Failure: Lessons from a Forest Based Carbon and Charcoal Project
Authors: Aganyira K. , Kabumbuli R. , Muwanika V.B. , Nampanzira D. , Tabuti J.R.S. , Sheil D.
Published: March 2019

Payment for environmental services (PES) projects can potentially improve environmental and livelihood outcomes. While pilot projects offer valuable lessons, these are often lost especially if the project fails. Here we assess how and why a forest-for-carbon linked charcoal production
project, developed in Central Uganda under the Clean Development Mechanism, failed to achieve its goals (e.g.collaborative establishment of a charcoal production plantation using indigenous species and improved forest protection). We draw upon interviews and focus group discussions with project
participants, non-participants and forest authorities. Findings suggest that inadequate project benefits, conflicts over project goals, distrust, poor communication and weak institutional capacity undermined the likelihood of project success. Most shortcomings were evident before the project
started. Our conclusion is that projects must invest in recognising and addressing challenges in advance. In addition, good pre-implementation assessments, as well as transparent and accountable decision procedures would improve project outcomes.
A note reconsidering the message of Heraclius’ silver hexagram, circa AD 615
Authors: Whalin Douglas C.
Published: March 2019

The hexagram was first minted during the darkest days of the final Roman-Persian War (602-628) when Roman fortunes were at their lowest. As a result, commentators have read the coin’s novel inscription, Deus Adiuta Romanis (God, help the Romans) as evidence for the ’stressful and desperate’ state of the empire. This paper presents the case that reading the coin alongside evidence for popular military practices instead paints a picture of the Roman state apparatus deftly manipulating mass propaganda. For the Romans in the 610s, these new coins signalled not defeatism but defiance and the promise of victory.
Crystal structure 1-cinnamyl-2-((Z)-styryl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole — methanol (1/1), C24H20N2 ⋅ CH4O
Authors: Tan Hong-Bo , Huang Zheng
Published: March 2019

C24H20N2 ⋅ CH4O, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 12.764(3) Å, b = 8.744(2) Å, c = 18.733(5) Å, β = 93.944(5)°, V = 2085.8(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0501, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1447, T = 296(2) K.
Effect of biodynamic preparations on the soil biological and agrochemical properties and coloured potato tubers quality
Authors: Vaitkevičienė Nijolė , Jarienė Elvyra , Ingold Reto , Peschke Jasmin
Published: March 2019

The aim of this research, which was undertaken in three years (2013-2015), was to evaluate the effect of biodynamic (BD) preparations 500 and 501 on soil biological and agrochemical properties and potato tuber quality. The soil samples were analyzed for: available phosphorus, available potassium, ammonia nitrogen, nitrogen (sum of nitrate and nitrite nitrogen) and mineral nitrogen. The potato samples were analyzed for: total polyphenols content, total anthocyanin’s content and antiradical activity. The research revealed that significantly the highest concentrations of available phosphorus, available potassium, nitrogen and mineral nitrogen in the soil throughout the growing season were identified on the 14th day after soil application of BD preparation 500 (before potato planting). As well as, soil spray application of BD preparation 500 resulted in higher enzyme activity (urease and saccharase). When the BD preparation 501 was applied, the content of total phenolic compounds in the tubers of cultivars Blue Congo and Red Emmalie was significantly higher, 20.1% and 5.4%, respectively; the content of anthocyanins were significantly higher in the tubers of three tested cultivars. However, the application of this preparation did not have any effect on the content of total phenolic compounds and on the antioxidant activity of Vitelotte tubers. The use of both preparations (500+501) had significant effects only on anthocyanins accumulation in the tubers of Blue Congo and Vitelotte. The application of preparation 500 significantly decreased the content of anthocyanins in the tubers of cvs. Red Emmalie and Vitelotte.