bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of the self‐potential method to archaeological prospection: some case histories
Authors: Drahor M. G.
Published: May 2004

The self‐potential (SP) method is very rarely used in archaeological prospection because related phenomena are not very well known. The aim of this study is to discuss the different SP phenomena that might be observed at archaeological sites, and therefore the SP method was applied at different archaeological sites in Anatolia (Turkey), such as Acemhöyük, Amorium, Burgaz and Ulucakhöyük archaeological areas and the Sinop amphorae workshop site. These studies indicated that SP anomalies existed over both burned or unburned materials at archaeological sites, such as walls, pits, kilns, etc. Furthermore, SP anomalies were also found over areas of complex soil distribution and visible physical changes on the surface. Other kinds of SP anomalies were also observed in those archaeological structures located very close to the coastline. These results were confirmed by archaeological excavations, which were carried out after geophysical surveys in the areas studied. All the studies supported that electrokinetic and electrochemical potentials might be the main cause of SP anomalies in the buried archaeological structures. The SP data collected with the gradient and total measurement techniques were processed by forward and inversion methods, and the main SP parameters (h, Q and x0) were determined. In addition, the SP results were compared with other applied geophysical methods such as resistivity and magnetic. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HLEM and magnetic surveys: examples from the Orkhun Valley, Mongolia
Authors: Batmunkh D. , Tosun S. , Gündoğdu B. , Candansayar M. E. , Ulugergerli E. U.
Published: May 2004

Archeologically valuable items and remains that have, somehow, been buried or removed from their original places are the subject of geophysical surveys. Magnetic and horizontal loop electromagnetic (HLEM) methods have been used to locate and limit anomalous regions over large areas. Magnetic data are presented here without applying any modelling process other than simple cleaning of outlines. Median filter and three‐point averaging have been applied to the HLEM data and ratios of measurements parallel and perpendicular to survey lines are presented as maps of the survey area. Results show that different processing techniques produce helpful information, validating the use of different methods over ancient monument areas in Mongolia. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of a monumental Macedonian tumulus by three‐dimensional seismic tomography
Authors: Polymenakos L. , Papamarinopoulos S. , Liossis A. , Koukouli‐Chryssanthaki Ch.
Published: May 2004

Monumental tumuli are important monuments of past human activity, and may contain burial structures of high cultural and historical value. Seismic tomography is used to investigate the internal structure of a monumental tumulus. Energy sources and recorders are placed on the periphery at the base of the tumulus. Travel time data are analysed and processed with three‐dimensional tomographic inversion in order to construct images of the distribution of seismic velocity in the interior of the tumulus. Velocity variations are known to correlate well with the lithological character of the earth materials, thus providing important structural and lithological information of the tumulus. A case history from a Macedonian tumulus in northern Greece is presented. The results are interpreted in terms of evidence for possible man‐made buried structures, such as tombs, walls, etc.; three‐dimensional modelling is used to assist in the interpretation and evaluation of the significance and reliability of the results. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GIS in archaeology—the interface between prospection and excavation
Authors: Neubauer Wolfgang
Published: May 2004

Archaeological prospection and excavation have the same research objective, namely, the study of the material culture of humans. They investigate the archaeological record but are based on different physical properties and work with different resolution and instrumentation.

In addition to the study of literature concerning antique discoveries and the collection and evaluation of surface finds, it is aerial archaeology and geophysical prospection that are the most suitable methods of achieving the intended goal. Aerial photographs provide the archaeologist with a large‐scale overview, and digital photogrammetric evaluation provides very detailed topographic maps and orthophotographs of the archaeological structures visible on the surface. These structures appear in various forms, through contrasts in the physical properties between the structures themselves and the material that surrounds them.

In geophysical prospection, the contrasts between the physical properties of the archaeological structures and the surrounding material usually can be investigated only in the near‐surface or with direct ground contact. These contrasts are not directly visible, however, and must instead be measured and converted into a comprehensible visualization. The prospection methods used in the interpretation process are not significantly different from one to another. Interpretation encompasses the localization and classification of archaeological structures, the analysis of their spatial relationships, as well as the creation of models showing the main stratification at a site. Unlike excavations, through archaeological interpretation of prospection data, various accurate archaeological models of the entire site and the surrounding landscape can be made available rapidly. These models can be used for targeted excavations, so as to further condense the information and to refine the models. If all the data are made available in a geographical information system (GIS), it can be combined and further analysed by the excavator as well as by the prospector. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic ghosts: mineral magnetic measurements on Roman and Anglo‐Saxon graves
Authors: Linford N. T.
Published: May 2004

The location of inhumations, in the absence of ferrous grave goods, often presents a considerable challenge to archaeological geophysics, given the small size of the features and the slight physical contrast between the fill of the grave and the surrounding subsoil. Even during excavation, the identification of graves may be complicated where site conditions do not favour the preservation of human skeletal remains and only a subtle soil stain is likely to survive. A recent initiative in the UK has seen the formation of the Buried Organic‐matter–Decomposition Integrated with Elemental Status (BODIES) research group, to examine the decomposition of organic artefacts in ancient graves with respect to localized changes in pH, redox potential and nutrient status. This paper presents initial results from a limited mineral magnetic study of two grave sites in an attempt to ascertain whether the decomposition of organic remains may lead to a detectable magnetic signature within the soil. Results from a series of isothermal, hysteresis and magneto‐thermal experiments will be presented together with surface magnetometer and topsoil susceptibility surveys. Copyright © Crown Copyright 2004. Recorded with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mortality and morbidity of planned relaparotomyversusrelaparotomy on demand for secondary peritonitis
Authors: Lamme B , Boermeester M A , Belt E J T , van Till J W O , Gouma D J , Obertop H
Published: May 2004

Background

Planned relaparotomy (PR) and relaparotomy on demand (ROD) are both frequently used in the treatment of secondary peritonitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mortality, morbidity and long-term outcome associated with PR compared with ROD in patients with secondary peritonitis admitted to a university hospital.

Method

This retrospective study included 278 consecutive patients who underwent emergency laparotomy for secondary peritonitis between January 1994 and January 2000. Outcome was analysed based on the decision made by the surgeon during the first operation to perform either ROD (197 patients) or PR (81).

Results

The Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II score was comparable in ROD and PR groups (10·8 versus 11·7; P = 0·222). The in-hospital mortality rate was significantly lower with ROD than PR (21·8 versus 36 per cent; P = 0·016). Two-year survival(s.e.) was 65·8(3·4) per cent in the ROD group and 55·5(5·5) per cent in the PR group (P = 0·031).

Conclusion

The in-hospital and long-term survival rates were higher in patients with secondary peritonitis treated by ROD than in those with disease of comparable severity treated by PR. Choice of treatment strategy was an independent predictor of survival.
Intraperitoneal and intraluminal microdialysis in the detection of experimental regional intestinal ischaemia
Authors: Sommer T , Larsen J F
Published: May 2004

Background

The aim was to investigate the possibility of using intraluminal or intraperitoneal microdialysis to monitor regional intestinal ischaemia.

Methods

Microdialysis catheters were inserted in the lumen, in and outside the intestinal wall, and in the peritoneum of each of ten pigs. Regional occlusive ischaemia was induced in 100 cm of jejunum. Levels of glucose, pyruvate, lactate and glycerol in the microdialysate were measured at 20-min intervals before and after induction of ischaemia. Systemic haemodynamics were monitored and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) recordings made in each of the intestinal segments.

Results

Ischaemia caused a significant decrease in glucose level, and an increase in lactate and glycerol concentrations and lactate/pyruvate ratio, at all catheters, although glucose could not be detected by the intraluminal catheter. The metabolic changes occurred simultaneously and were statistically significant in almost all catheters after 100 min. LDF revealed a significant decrease in intestinal blood flow, but there was considerable individual variation.

Conclusion

Regional occlusive ischaemia in 100 cm of small intestine could be detected and monitored by means of a microdialysis catheter placed in the peritoneal cavity or the bowel lumen.
Effect of surveillance of Barrett's oesophagus on the clinical outcome of oesophageal cancer
Authors: Fountoulakis A , Zafirellis K D , Dolan K , Dexter S P L , Martin I G , Sue-Ling H M
Published: May 2004

Background

Surveillance programmes for Barrett's oesophagus have been implemented in an effort to detect oesophageal adenocarcinoma at an earlier and potentially curable stage. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of endoscopic surveillance on the clinical outcome of patients with adenocarcinoma complicating Barrett's oesophagus.

Method

Consecutive patients who underwent oesophageal resection for high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma arising from Barrett's oesophagus were studied retrospectively. The pathological stage and survival of patients identified as part of a surveillance programme were compared with those of patients presenting with symptomatic adenocarcinoma.

Results

Seventeen patients in the surveillance group and 74 in the non-surveillance group underwent oesophagectomy. Disease detected in the surveillance programme was at a significantly earlier stage: 13 of 17 versus 11 of 74 stage 0 or I, three versus 26 stage II, and one versus 37 stage III or IV (P < 0·001). Lymphatic metastases were seen in three of 17 patients in the surveillance group and 42 of 74 who were not under surveillance (P = 0·004). Three-year survival was 80 and 31 per cent respectively (P = 0·008).

Conclusion

Patients with surveillance-detected adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus are diagnosed at an earlier stage and have a better prognosis than those who present with symptomatic tumours.
Electronic Structure and Solvation of Copper and Silver Ions: A Theoretical Picture of a Model Aqueous Redox Reaction
Authors: Blumberger Jochen , Bernasconi Leonardo , Tavernelli Ivano , Vuilleumier Rodolphe , Sprik Michiel
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Predicted Structures of the New Pnictides HfMQ in Contrast to ZrMQ (M: Ti, V; Q: P, As).
Authors: Derakhshan Shahab , Dashjav Enkhtsetseg , Kleinke Holger
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polymorphism in NaSbO3: Structure and Bonding in Metal Oxides.
Authors: Mizoguchi Hiroshi , Woodward Patrick M. , Byeon Song‐Ho , Parise John B.
Published: May 2004

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Structure, Magnetism, and Transport Properties of Pr1‐xSrxMnO3 (x = 0.45—0.75) up to 1200 K.
Authors: Knizek K. , Hejtmanek J. , Jirak Z. , Martin C. , Hervieu M. , Raveau B. , Andre G. , Bouree F.
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Superconductivity of MRhGe2 (M: Zr, Hf).
Authors: Kasahi M. , Abe S. , Taniguchi T. , Ozawa T. , Nagata Y. , Samata H.
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phase Relations in the Bi2O3—CoOy—SnO2 System at Room Temperature.
Authors: Huo Guoyan , Lu Juan , Ren Lixia
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phase Equilibria in the Cu2S—ZnS—SnS2 System.
Authors: Olekseyuk I. D. , Dudchak I. V. , Piskach L. V.
Published: May 2004

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Redox‐Induced Structural Change in Anode Materials Based on Tetrahedral (MPn4)x‐ Transition Metal Pnictides.
Authors: Bichat M.‐P. , Gillot F. , Monconduit L. , Favier F. , Morcrette M. , Lemoigno F. , Doublet M.‐L.
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Probing Molten Salt Flux Reactions Using Time‐Resolved in situ High‐Temperature Powder X‐Ray Diffraction: A New Synthesis Route to the Mixed‐Valence NaTi2O4.
Authors: Geselbracht Margret J. , Noailles Liam D. , Ngo Lien T. , Pikul Jessica H. , Walton Richard I. , Cowell E. Sarah , Millange Franck , O'Hare Dermot
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Role of Sequestering Agents in the Formation and Structure of Germanium Anion Cluster Polymers.
Authors: Downie Craig , Mao Jiang‐Gao , Parmar Hiten , Guloy Arnold M.
Published: May 2004

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Syntheses and Characterization of Transition Metal Doped Molybdovanadophosphoric Heteropoly Compounds.
Authors: Jing S.‐B. , Jin Z.‐J. , Zhu W.‐C. , Wang Z.‐L. , Wang G.‐J.
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cation—Cation Interactions Between Uranyl Cations in a Polar Open‐Framework Uranyl Periodate.
Authors: Sullens Tyler A. , Jensen Rebecca A. , Shvareva Tatiana Y. , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Alkoxy Substitution Reaction on α‐Oxo Ketene Dithioacetals: A New Access to α‐Oxo Ketene O,S/O,O‐Acetals.
Authors: Wang Mang , Xu Xian‐Xiu , Sun Shao‐Guang , Liu Qun
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chloromethanesulfonylethene and Dichloromethanesulfonylethene: New Reagents for Tandem Diels—Alder/Ramberg—Baecklund Reactions.
Authors: Block Eric , Jeon Hak Rim , Zhang Shao‐Zhong , Dikarev Evgeny V.
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tellurium‐Mediated Cycloaromatization of Acyclic Enediynes under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Landis Chad A. , Payne Marcia M. , Eaton David L. , Anthony John E.
Published: May 2004

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Low Melting and Slightly Viscous Ionic Liquids via Protonation of Trialkylamines by Perfluoroalkyl β‐Diketones.
Authors: Gupta Om D. , Twamley Brendan , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Triruthenium Dodecacarbonyl/Triphenylphosphine Catalyzed Dehydrogenation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols.
Authors: Meijer R. H. , Ligthart G. B. W. L. , Meuldijk J. , Vekemans J. A. J. M. , Hulshof L. A. , Mills A. M. , Kooijman H. , Spek A. L.
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemo‐ and Regioselective Reduction of Nitroarenes, Carbonyls and Azo Dyes over Nickel‐Incorporated Hexagonal Mesoporous Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieves.
Authors: Selvam Parasuraman , Mohapatra Susanta K. , Sonavane Sachin U. , Jayaram Radha V.
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New, Safe and Convenient Procedure for Reduction of Naphthalene and Anthracene: Synthesis of Tetralin in a One‐Pot Reaction.
Authors: Menzek Abdullah , Altundas Aliye , Gueltekin Demet
Published: May 2004

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A New Class of “Tethered” Ruthenium(II) Catalyst for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions.
Authors: Hannedouche Jerome , Clarkson Guy J. , Wills Martin
Published: May 2004

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A Mild and Efficient Procedure for α‐Bromination of Ketones Using N‐Bromosuccinimide Catalyzed by Ammonium Acetate.
Authors: Tanemura Kiyoshi , Suzuki Tsuneo , Nishida Yoko , Satsumabayashi Koko , Horaguchi Takaaki
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[VO(H2O)5]H[PMo12O40]‐Catalyzed Nitration of Alkanes with Nitric Acid.
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuya , Shinachi Satoshi , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Route to Lactam Precursors from Cycloalkanes: Direct Production of Nitrosocycloalkanes or Cycloalkanone Oximes by Using tert‐Butyl Nitrite and N‐Hydroxyphthalimide.
Authors: Hirabayashi Tomotaka , Sakaguchi Satoshi , Ishii Yasutaka
Published: May 2004

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Preparation of Acyl Azides from Aromatic Carboxylic Acids Using Triphosgene in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Bao Weiliang , Wang Qiang
Published: May 2004

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Nucleophilic Catalysis of the Iodine—Zinc Exchange Reaction: Preparation of Highly Functionalized Diaryl Zinc Compounds.
Authors: Kneisel Florian F. , Dochnahl Maximilian , Knochel Paul
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intermolecular Aldol Type Reactions of Phenacyl Bromide with Aldehydes Mediated by Active Metallic Indium in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Wu Huayue , Ding Jinchang , Gao Jing , Liu Miaochang
Published: May 2004

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Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy Esters Using Highly Active Manganese.
Authors: Suh YoungSung , Rieke Reuben D.
Published: May 2004

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Stereocontrolled Addition of Boron Enolates to trans α,β‐Aziridine Aldehydes. A New Route to anti‐1,2‐Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Righi Giuliana , Ciambrone Simona
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diallylacylhydrazines as Monomers for Polyfunctional Water‐Soluble Polymers.
Authors: Gusev V. Yu. , Vorob'eva A. I. , Radushev A. V. , Kolesov S. V. , Muslukhov R. R. , Tolstikov A. G.
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Preparation of Propargylic or Allenylic Sulfides from Propargyl Halides or Mesylate and Thiols.
Authors: Tsutsumi Ken , Fujimoto Kouji , Yabukami Tomomi , Kawase Tomohiro , Morimoto Tsumoru , Kakiuchi Kiyomi
Published: May 2004

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An Auxiliary Induced Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclobutanes by Means of Catalytic [2 + 2]‐Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: Takasu Kiyosei , Nagao Satoshi , Ueno Megumi , Ihara Masataka
Published: May 2004

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Selective Oxidation of Zirconocyclopentenes via Organoboranes.
Authors: Gorman Jeffrey S. T. , Iacono Scott T. , Pagenkopf Brian L.
Published: May 2004

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Diels—Alder Reactions of 4‐Triflyloxy‐2,6,6‐trimethyl‐2,4‐cyclohexadienone. An Expedient Methodology for the Synthesis of Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐5‐en‐2‐ones and Bicyclo[2.2.2]octa‐5,7‐dien‐2‐ones.
Authors: Lin Yu‐Shiang , Chang Shi‐Yi , Yang Ming‐Shyong , Rao Chitneni Prasad , Peddinti Rama Krishna , Tsai Yow‐Fu , Liao Chun‐Chen
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 3‐Arylazo‐3‐penten‐4‐ol‐2‐ones.
Authors: Disli Ali , Kaya Volkan , Guelce Ahmet , Yildirir Yilmaz
Published: May 2004

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Conversion of Benzal Halides to Benzaldehydes in the Presence of Aqueous Dimethylamine.
Authors: Bankston Donald
Published: May 2004

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Microwave‐Assisted Solvent‐Free Synthesis of trans‐Cinnamic Acids Using Lithium Chloride as Catalyst.
Authors: Mogilaiah K. , Reddy G. Randheer
Published: May 2004

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An Efficient and Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Aromatic Sulfones Catalyzed by ZrO2/S2O82‐‐Solid Superacid.
Authors: Jin Tongshou , Yang Mina , Feng Guoliang , Li Tongshuang
Published: May 2004

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Copper Catalyzed Arylation of Urea.
Authors: Nandakumar Mecheril V.
Published: May 2004

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Nucleophilic Displacement at Benzhydryl Centers: Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,1,Diarylalkyl Derivatives.
Authors: Bolshan Yuri , Chen Cheng‐yi , Chilenski Jennifer R. , Gosselin Francis , Mathre David J. , O'Shea Paul D. , Roy Amelie , Tillyer Richard D.
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrochemical Reduction of Monothiobenzils in the Presence of Aroyl Chlorides. First Synthesis of (Z)‐α‐Benzoyloxy‐β‐benzoylthiostilbenes.
Authors: Guirado Antonio , LopezSanchez Enrique , Andreu Raquel , Zapata Andres
Published: May 2004

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Stereospecific Potassium Cyclopropyl Trifluoroborates with Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Fang Guo‐Hua , Yan Zheng‐Jun , Deng Min‐Zhi
Published: May 2004

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Iodotrimethylsilane‐Mediated Cross‐Aldol Condensation: A Facile Synthesis of α,α′‐Bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones.
Authors: Sabitha Gowravaram , Reddy G. S. Kiran Kumar , Reddy K. Bhaska , Yadav J. S.
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Straightforward Synthesis of 1,7‐Dioxaspiro[4.4]nonanes.
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Melendez Jaisiel , Yus Miguel
Published: May 2004

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The First One‐Pot Alder‐ene‐reductive Amination Sequence.
Authors: Kressierer Christoph J. , Mueller Thomas J. J.
Published: May 2004

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Synthesis and Biological Activity of a Novel Squalene Epoxidase Inhibitor, FR194738.
Authors: Sawada Masae , Washizuka Ken‐ichi , Okumura Hiroyuki
Published: May 2004

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Ytterbium(III) Trifluoromethanesulfonate Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts Acylation of Substituted Thiophenes.
Authors: Su Weike , Jin Can
Published: May 2004

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A New Class of Potent Non‐imidazole H3 Antagonists: 2‐Aminoethylbenzofurans.
Authors: Cowart Marlon , Pratt John K. , Stewart Andrew O. , Bennani Youssef L. , Esbenshade Timothy A. , Hancock Arthur A.
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Total Synthesis of Indolo[2,3‐b]naphthalene‐6,11‐diones.
Authors: Fernandez Marcos , Barcia Carlos , Estevez Juan C. , Estevez Ramon J. , Castedo Luis
Published: May 2004

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Ion Exchange Resin Catalyzed Reaction of Indole with Imines: Formation of Diindolylmethanes.
Authors: Feng Xin‐Liang , Guan Chuan‐Jin , Zhao Cheng‐Xue
Published: May 2004

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Discovery and SAR Development of 2‐(Phenylamino)imidazolines as Postacyclin Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Clark Robin D. , Jahangir Alam , Severance Daniel , Salazar Rick , Chang Thomas , Chang David , Jett Mary Frances , Smith Steven , Bley Keith
Published: May 2004

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Copper‐ and Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C—S Bond Formation: A Convenient Synthesis of 2‐Aminobenzothiazoles.
Authors: Joyce Laurie L. , Evindar Ghotas , Batey Robert A.
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Improved Synthesis of 5‐(2‐Fluorophenyl)‐1H‐tetrazole.
Authors: Srinivas K. , Snehalatha Nair C. K. , Ramesh S. , Pardhasaradhi M.
Published: May 2004

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Stereoselective Aldol‐Type Cyclization Reaction Mediated by Dibutylboron Triflate/Diisopropylethylamine.
Authors: Das Sanjib , Li Lian‐Sheng , Sinha Subhash C.
Published: May 2004

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The Synthesis of Some Novel Substituted Benzochromene Derivatives.
Authors: Bueyuekkidan Buelent , Ceylan Mustafa
Published: May 2004

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A Novel Approach to 2‐Arylated Quinolines: Electrocyclization of Alkynyl Imines via Vinylidene Complexes.
Authors: Sangu Kenichiro , Fuchibe Kohei , Akiyama Takahiko
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Non‐Peptide αvβ3 Antagonists. Part 7. 3‐Substituted Tetrahydro‐[1,8]naphthyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Jiabing , et al. et al.
Published: May 2004

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Synthesis, Antiinflammatory and Analgesic Activity Screening of Some New 4(3H)‐Quinazolinone Derivatives.
Authors: Yesilada Akguel , Koyunoglu Semra , Saygili Nezire , Kupeli Esra , Yesilada Erdem , Bedir Erdal , Khan Ikhlas
Published: May 2004

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5‐Hydroxyorotic Acid and Orotic Acid 5‐Sulfate.
Authors: Behrman E. J.
Published: May 2004

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New Tetrapyrazolic Macrocycle. Synthesis and Cation Binding Properties.
Authors: Radi Smaail , Ramdani Abdelkrim , Lekchiri Yahya , Morcellet Michel , Crini Gregorio , Janus Ludovic
Published: May 2004

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Titanocene‐Catalyzed Formation of Allylsilanes from Allyl Ethers and Chlorosilanes.
Authors: Nii Shinsuke , Terao Jun , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: May 2004

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Copper Triflate as a Useful Catalyst for the High‐Yielding Preparation of α‐Acetyloxyphosphonates under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Firouzabadi Habib , Iranpoor Nasser , Sobhani Sara , Amoozgar Zohreh
Published: May 2004

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Studies on Structure—Activity Relationship of Sphaeropsidins A—F, Phytotoxins Produced by Sphaeropsis sapinea f. sp. cupressi.
Authors: Sparapano Lorenzo , Bruno Giovanni , Fierro Olga , Evidente Antonio
Published: May 2004

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Rational Design and Synthesis of Selective BACE‐1 Inhibitors.
Authors: Lai Ming‐Tain , et al. et al.
Published: May 2004

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Highly Functionalized Organolithium Reagents for Enantiomerically Pure α‐Amino Acid Synthesis.
Authors: Kenworthy Martin N. , Kilburn John Paul , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: May 2004

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Thiirancarboxamides as Inhibitors of Papain.
Authors: Bruno Gemma , Schirmeister Tanja
Published: May 2004

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Wittig Approach to Carbohydrate‐Derived Vinyl Sulfides, New Substrates for Regiocontrolled Ring‐Closure Reactions.
Authors: Aucagne Vincent , Tatibouet Arnaud , Rollin Patrick
Published: May 2004

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Cyclic Amidine Sugars as Transition‐State Analogue Inhibitors of Glycosidases: Potent Competitive Inhibitors of Mannosidases.
Authors: Heck Marie‐Pierre , Vincent Stephane P. , Murray Brion W. , Bellamy Francois , Wong Chi‐Huey , Mioskowski Charles
Published: May 2004

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Cytochrome P450/NADPH‐Dependent Formation of trans Epoxides from trans‐Arachidonic Acids.
Authors: Roy Uzzal , Loreau Olivier , Balazy Michael
Published: May 2004

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The Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Tetracyclic Macrolides.
Authors: Kashimura Masato , Asaka Toshifumi , Suzuki Keiko , Morimoto Shigeo
Published: May 2004

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Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Panepophenanthrin, a Novel Inhibitor of the Ubiquitin‐Activating Enzyme.
Authors: Mehta Goverdhan , Ramesh Senaiar S.
Published: May 2004

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Structure—Activity Relationships of Non‐imidazole H3 Receptor Ligands. Part 3. 5‐Substituted 3‐Phenyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles as Potent Antagonists.
Authors: Gfesser Gregory A. , et al. et al.
Published: May 2004

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Low‐Temperature Growth of Well‐Aligned β‐Ga2O3 Nanowires from a Single‐Source Organometallic Precursor.
Authors: Chang Ko‐Wei , Wu Jih‐Jen
Published: May 2004

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Omega‐Carboxypyridyl Substituted Ureas as Raf Kinase Inhibitors: SAR of the Amide Substituent.
Authors: Khire Uday R. , et al. et al.
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Discovery of Thiophene‐2‐carboxylic Acids as Potent Inhibitors of HCV NS5B Polymerase and HCV Subgenomic RNA Replication. Part 2. Tertiary Amides.
Authors: Chan Laval , et al. et al.
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1,2‐Benzothiazine 1,1‐Dioxide α‐Ketoamide Analogues as Potent Calpain I Inhibitors.
Authors: Bihovsky Ron , Tao Ming , Mallamo John P. , Wells Gregory J.
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Subsolidus Structure of the System Al2O3—SiO2—MgO—P2 O5 (A Review)
Authors: Pitak Ya. N. , Churilova Yu. V.
Published: May 2004

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Metal—Metal Exchange Coupling
Authors: Crutchley R. J.
Published: May 2004

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Redox‐Active Cobalt Complexes as Promising Antitumor Agents.
Authors: Osinsky S. P. , Levitin I. Ya. , Sigan A. L. , Bubnovskaya L. N. , Ganusevich I. I. , Campanella L. , Wardman P.
Published: May 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Overcoming the Insolubility of Carbon Nanotubes through High Degrees of Sidewall Functionalization
Authors: Dyke Christopher A. , Tour James M.
Published: May 2004

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Total Syntheses and Biological Assessment of Macrocyclic Glycolipids
Authors: Fuerstner Alois
Published: May 2004

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Combinatorial Chemistry in the Discovery of New Medicines: 10 Years of Progress
Authors: Ortholand Jean‐Yves
Published: May 2004

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A Bird′s Eye View of Fluorous Reaction and Separation Techniques
Authors: Curran Dennis P.
Published: May 2004

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Continuous Developments in Classical Resolution: Dutch Resolution and Asymmetric Transformation
Authors: Kaptein Bernard , Vries Ton R. , Nieuwenhuijzen Jose W. , Kellogg Richard M. , Grimbergen Reinier F. P. , Broxterman Quirinus B.
Published: May 2004

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Azomethine, Carbonyl and Thiocarbonyl Ylides—Generation of Thiocarbonyl Ylides by Elimination of Nitrogen from 2,5‐Dihydro‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles (Δ3‐1,3,4‐thiadiazolines)
Authors: Mloston Grzegorz
Published: May 2004

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Electrochemical Preparation of Strong Bases
Authors: Lund Henning
Published: May 2004

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Propane Dehydrogenation over Chromia Catalysts: Microcatalysis, Deactivation, Macrokinetics, and Reactor Modeling
Authors: Jackson S. David , Stitt E. Hugh
Published: May 2004

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Sonochemistry
Authors: Suslick K. S.
Published: May 2004

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Solid‐State Fermentation
Authors: Nigam Poonam , Robinson Tim , Singh Dalel
Published: May 2004

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Molecular‐Scale Logic Gates
Authors: de Silva A. Prasanna , McClenaghan Nathan D.
Published: May 2004

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Advances in Alkaline Stabilization/Disinfection of Municipal Biosolids
Authors: Fitzmorris Kari B. , Reimers Robert S. , Little M. Dale , Bowman Dwight D.
Published: May 2004

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Development of Processes for Environmental Protection Based on Self‐Propagating Reactions
Authors: Orru Roberto , Cincotti Alberto , Concas Alessandro , Cao Giacomo
Published: May 2004

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Quantum‐Chemical Analysis of Electronic Excitation and Reactivity of Olefins and Dienes
Authors: Kalnin'sh K. K. , Semenov S. G.
Published: May 2004

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The Supramolecular Speciation: A Key for Improved Understanding and Modeling of Chemical Reactivity in Complex Systems
Authors: Cote Gerard
Published: May 2004

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Solid‐State NMR
Authors: Brown Steven P. , Emsley Lyndon
Published: May 2004

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Proceedings of the Consensus Conference on Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Carcinoma of the Breast, April 26–28, 2003, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Authors: Schwartz Gordon F. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. ,   Consensus Conference Committee
Published: May 2004

A consensus conference regarding the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with carcinoma of the breast was held in April 2003 in Philadelphia to review the evidence in support of this form of treatment, discuss the issues related to its routine application, and establish more formal guidelines for its use in patients with all stages of breast carcinoma.
Measuring social impacts of breast carcinoma treatment in Chinese women
Authors: Fielding Richard , Lam Wendy W. T.
Published: May 2004

BACKGROUND

There is no existing instrument that is suitable for measuring the social impact of breast carcinoma (BC) and its treatment among women of Southern Chinese descent. In the current study, the authors assessed the validity of the Chinese Social Adjustment Scale, which was designed to address the need for such an instrument.

METHODS

Five dimensions of social concern were identified in a previous study of Cantonese‐speaking Chinese women with BC; these dimensions were family and other relationships, intimacy, private self‐image, and public self‐image. The authors designed 40 items to address perceptions of change in these areas. These items were administered to a group of 226 women who had received treatment for BC, and factor analysis subsequently was performed to determine construct characteristics. The resulting draft instrument then was administered, along with other measures for the assessment of basic psychometric properties, to a second group of 367 women who recently had undergone surgery for BC.

RESULTS

Factor analysis optimally identified 5 factors (corresponding to 33 items): 1) Relationships with Family (10 items, accounting for 22% of variance); 2) Self‐Image (7 items, accounting for 15% of variance); 3) Relationships with Friends (7 items, accounting for 8% of variance); 4) Social Enjoyment (4 items, accounting for 6% of variance); and 5) Attractiveness & Sexuality (5 items, accounting for 5% of variance). Subscales were reliable (α = 0.63–0.93) and exhibited convergent validity in positive correlations with related measures and divergent validity in appropriate inverse or nonsignificant correlations with other measures. Criterion validity was good, and sensitivity was acceptable. Patterns of change on the scales were consistent with reports in the literature. Self‐administration resulted in improved sensitivity.

CONCLUSIONS

The 33‐item Chinese Social Adjustment Scale validly, reliably, and sensitively measures the social impact of BC on Cantonese‐speaking Hong Kong Chinese women. Further development of the scale to increase its sensitivity is underway. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
αB‐crystallin as a marker of lymph node involvement in breast carcinoma
Authors: Chelouche‐Lev Dina , Kluger Harriet M. , Berger Aaron J. , Rimm David L. , Price Janet E.
Published: May 2004

BACKGROUND

It was found previously that αB‐crystallin, a small heat‐shock protein, was overexpressed in a metastatic variant of the GI101A human breast carcinoma cell line. The objective of the current study was to determine whether the expression of αB‐crystallin in primary breast carcinomas was associated with lymph node metastasis and survival.

METHODS

Expression of αB‐crystallin was measured in human breast carcinoma cell lines by immunoblotting. Expression in human breast carcinomas was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays that contained samples from 317 patients with lymph node–negative breast carcinoma and 291 patients with lymph node–positive breast carcinoma.

RESULTS

It was found that αB‐crystallin was expressed constitutively in certain breast carcinoma cell lines, including those that were capable of metastasizing in immunodeficient mice. Expression of αB‐crystallin in human tissue samples was associated strongly with lymph node involvement (P < 0.0001; chi‐square test) and, to a lesser degree, with high nuclear grade (P = 0.05). Increased intensity of expression was correlated with shorter survival (P = 0.0091; log‐rank test). Multivariate analysis indicated that αB‐crystallin expression was not independent of lymph node status as a predictor of survival.

CONCLUSIONS

The data obtained in the current study revealed a strong association between high expression levels of αB‐crystallin in primary breast carcinoma specimens and lymph node involvement. Further studies will be needed to prospectively elucidate the role of this novel tumor marker as a clinical prognostic marker in local and locally advanced breast carcinoma as well as its potential status as a new target for therapy in patients with breast carcinoma. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
spoonbill, a new Drosophila female‐sterile mutation, interferes with chromosome organization and dorsal–ventral patterning of the egg
Authors: Motola Shmulik , Neuman‐Silberberg F. Shira
Published: May 2004

We have identified a new mutation, spoonbill (spoon), which interferes with two developmental processes during Drosophila oogenesis, nurse cell‐nuclei chromatin organization and anterior–dorsal patterning of the eggshell. Here, we describe the localization patterns of key regulators of axis determination and the expression of follicle cell‐specific markers involved in eggshell patterning in egg chambers from spoonbill females. Our molecular characterization of the patterning defects associated with the mutation reveals abnormalities in two major signaling pathways, the grk/Egfr and the Dpp/TGF‐β, that together control the elaborate patterning of the anterior follicular epithelium. The function of spoonbill appears to be required for dpp transcription in a specialized population of follicle cells and for the selective transport of grk mRNA from the nurse cells into the oocyte, as well as for its proper localization and translation. This finding places the spoonbill gene upstream of both pathways. Developmental Dynamics 230:535–545, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zinc finger gene fez‐like functions in the formation of subplate neurons and thalamocortical axons
Authors: Hirata Tustomu , Suda Yoko , Nakao Kazuki , Narimatsu Masahiro , Hirano Toshio , Hibi Masahiko
Published: May 2004

fez‐like (fezl) is a forebrain‐expressed zinc finger gene required for the formation of the hypothalamic dopaminergic and serotonergic (monoaminergic) neurons in zebrafish. To reveal its function in mammals, we analyzed the expression of the mouse orthologue of fezl and generated fezl‐deficient mice by homologous recombination. Mouse fezl was expressed specifically in the forebrain from embryonic day 8.5. At mid‐gestation, fezl expression was detected in subdomains of the forebrain, including the dorsal telencephalon and ventral diencephalon. Unlike the zebrafish fezl mutant too few, the fezl‐deficient mice displayed normal development of hypothalamic monoaminergic neurons, but showed abnormal “hyperactive” behavior. In fezl−/− mice, the thalamocortical axons (TCA) were reduced in number and aberrantly projected to the cortex. These mutants had a reduced number of subplate neurons, which are involved in guiding the TCA from the dorsal thalamus, although the subplate neurons were born normally. These results suggest that fezl is required for differentiation or survival of the subplate neurons, and reduction of the subplate neurons in fezl‐deficient mice leads to abnormal development of the TCA, providing a possible link between the transcriptional regulation of forebrain development and hyperactive behavior. Developmental Dynamics 230:546–556, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional and hierarchical interactions among zebrafish vox/vent homeobox genes
Authors: Gilardelli Claudio N. , Pozzoli Ombretta , Sordino Paolo , Matassi Giorgio , Cotelli Franco
Published: May 2004

The vertebrate Vox/Vent family of transcription factors plays a crucial role in the establishment of the dorsoventral (DV) axis, by repressing organizer genes such as bozozok/dharma, goosecoid, and chordino. In Danio rerio (zebrafish), members of the vox/vent gene family (vox/vega1, vent/vega2, and ved) are thought to share expression patterns and functional properties. Bringing novel insights in the differential activity of the zebrafish vox/vent genes, we propose a critical role for the ved gene in DV patterning of vertebrate embryos. ved is not only expressed as a maternal gene, but it also appears to function as a repressor of dorsal factors involved in organizer formation. At early‐ and mid‐gastrula stage, ved appears to be finely controlled by antagonist crosstalks in a complex regulatory network, involving gradients of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) activity, dorsal factors, and vox/vent family members. We show that ved transcripts are ventrally restricted by BMP factors such as bmp2b, bmp7, smad5, and alk8, and by dorsal factors (chd and gsc). Alteration of ved expression in both vox and vent deletion mutants and vox and vent mRNAs‐injected embryos, suggests that vox and vent function downstream of BMP signaling to negatively regulate ved expression. This inhibitory role is emphasized by a vox and vent redundant activity, compared with single gene effects. Developmental Dynamics 230:494–508, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isoforms vatB1 and vatB2 of the vacuolar type ATPase subunit B are differentially expressed in embryos of the zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Schredelseker Johann , Pelster Bernd
Published: May 2004

The v‐type ATPase is a membrane anchored, multi‐subunit proton pump, which in freshwater fish appears to play a major role in ionoregulative processes in the apical membrane of specialized gill cells. Very little is known about free‐living fish embryos and larvae that are exposed to hypo‐osmotic conditions with spawning but do not have their gills fully developed. By using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and immunological methods, we could demonstrate the presence of two isoforms of the subunit B of this v‐type ATPase in the early development of the zebrafish. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of one isoform (vatB1) in the apical membrane of embryonic skin cells, while vatB2 has been found ubiquitously. This differential localization of the two isoforms supports the hypothesis that vatB1 is preferentially involved in ionoregulative functions, while vatB2 may be preferentially responsible for acidification of intracellular vesicles. Developmental Dynamics 230:569–575, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of tbx20 RNA during chick heart development
Authors: Yamagishi Toshiyuki , Nakajima Yuji , Nishimatsu Shin‐Ichiro , Nohno Tsutomu , Ando Katsumi , Nakamura Hiroaki
Published: May 2004

The T‐box gene family encodes a set of transcription factors that are involved in various developmental processes. We isolated tbx20 gene from chick embryos and examined in detail its expression patterns during heart development. In situ hybridization showed that tbx20 was expressed in the lateral plate mesoderm and subsequently in the primitive heart tube. At stages of looped heart, tbx20 was localized in the outflow tract (OT) and atrioventricular (AV) canal, in which valvuloseptal endocardial cushion develops. At later stages, although tbx20 was expressed predominantly in the nascent right ventricle, transcripts of tbx20 were down‐regulated in the left ventricle. These results suggest that tbx20 may play important roles in a variety of developmental processes in cardiogenesis, such as chamber‐specification and septation. Developmental Dynamics 230:576–580, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formation of Large Clusters in the Reaction of Lanthanide Cations with Heptamolybdate
Authors: Burgemeister Katja , Drewes Daniel , Limanski Eva Melanie , Küper Ina , Krebs Bernt
Published: May 2004

A series of new lanthanide polyoxomolybdates was synthesised by reaction of lanthanide cations with the heptamolybdate anion (Mo7O24)6−. The heteropolyanions [Ln4(MoO4)(H2O)16(Mo7O24)4]14− (Ln = LaIII, CeIII, PrIII, SmIII, GdIII) were isolated as either their ammonium or tetramethylammonium salts and characterised by X‐ray structure analysis, energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence analysis, and IR and Raman spectroscopy. The central [Ln4(MoO4)(H2O)16]10+ core of the anion is coordinated by four heptamolybdate groups. Each LnIII atom in the core exhibits ninefold coordination by oxygen atoms belonging to H2O, (MoO4)2− and (Mo7O24)6− units; the central molybdenum atom is coordinated tetrahedrally by four oxygen atoms. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Synthesis of Cycloalkanoindoles by an Unusual DAST‐Triggered Rearrangement Reaction
Authors: Giannini Giuseppe , Marzi Mauro , Moretti Gian Piero , Penco Sergio , Tinti Maria Ornella , Pesci Silvia , Lazzaro Francesco , De Angelis Francesco
Published: May 2004

A series of 1,1‐bis(indol‐3‐yl) and 1‐(indol‐2‐yl)‐1‐(indol‐3‐yl)‐ψ‐hydroxyalkanes, prepared from the corresponding indole derivatives and suitable hydroxyaldehydes via routine coupling reactions, were treated with DAST (diethylaminosulfur trifluoride) under mild conditions, to generate a small library of cycloalkanoindoles. Irrespective of the substitution pattern, i.e. whether they are symmetrical or unsymmetrical derivatives, the same mixture of products is produced, in which the tetrahydro‐1H‐carbazole and hexahydrocyclohepta[b]indole scaffolds are substituted by a indol‐3‐yl nucleus on one of the two α‐carbon atoms of the cycloalkane moieties. Thus, speculations on the reaction mechanism with the prediction of a common reaction intermediate are presented. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Stereoselective Addition of Sulfone Carbanions to C=N: A Critical Dependence on the Stability and Reactivity of the Amide Anions in MIRC Reactions
Authors: Hassner Alfred , Usak Diana , Kumareswaran Ramaiah , Friedman Oded
Published: May 2004

A procedure was developed for the selective synthesis of functionalized 4‐methylenepyrrolidines by tuning the electron‐withdrawing group (ArSO2, COOEt, ArSO) attached to the acceptor imine nitrogen atom during addition of allyl sulfone carbanions. Sulfone carbanion additions to 2H‐azirines were also examined. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)