bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Serum Leptin with Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer
Authors: Hajati Amirreza , Talebian Farshad , Babahajian Asrin , Daneshkhah Nasrin , Ghaderi Bayazid
Published: April 2022

Background: Nowadays, cytokines such as Leptin and adiponectin are introduced as prognostic factors which, according to some studies, are also associated with body mass index. This study aimed to determine serum leptin level and its relationship with prognostic factors in breast cancer patients.
Methods: This case–control study was conducted in the oncology department of Tohid Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran, between 2019 and 2020. Hundred new cases of breast cancer patients with histological evidence were enrolled in this study. Additionally, 100 age- and BMI-matched healthy individuals were recruited as the control group. The serum leptin level was measured using the ELISA method.
Results: Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients compared to the control group (21.68 ± 9.16 vs 11.89 ± 4.45; p < 0.001). There was no significant relationship between plasma leptin levels with ER, PR, and HER2 expressions (p > 0.05). Also, no significant associations were noted between leptin levels and grading and disease staging (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The study found that leptin is higher in breast cancer patients than in healthy individuals, however, it did not prove that leptin is a predictive or prognostic factor.
The Effect of Neonatal Training Programs on NICU Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice in the Military and Police Hospitals of Khartoum State, Sudan
Authors: Adam Rabab.Mohamed , Bassyonie Elssayed Buthina
Published: April 2022

Background: Hypothermia in neonates is a life-threatening condition. It happens due to the extrinsic thermal variations that contrast the intrauterine area. Early detection methods such as increased awareness and good nursing care play an important role in the prevention of hypothermia in newborns and reduce the consequences and death resulting from it. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of training programs on nurses’ knowledge and practice with respect to caring for neonates with hypothermia.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the military and police hospitals in Khartoum State, Sudan. A total of 47 nurses meeting the study inclusion criteria and agreeing to participate were included. The necessary research data were collected using a structured interview and a checklist pre and three months post intervention. Training program on neonatal hypothermia was offered to nurses which included the definition, causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment and prevention of neonatal hypothermia. Data were analyzed using the SPSS v.20; descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test and chi-squared test) were used with p-values < 0.05 considered as statistically significant.
Results: All participants were female nurses aged 20–30 years, with a mean age of 27.7 ± 5.3 years. A majority of them (40 [85.1%]) had a BSc degree in nursing. Their experiences were varied, but the most common was 1–5 years, followed by 6–10 years (15 [32%] and 14 [29.8%], respectively). Nurses’ knowledge about observing and monitoring temperature pre intervention was 73%, which increased to 94.3% post intervention with a P-value = 0.03. Additionally, nurses’ practice in cases of hypothermia pre intervention was 80.01%, which increased to 82.9% post intervention. Their pre intervention practice around placing the baby under radiant warmer was 72.3%, which changed to 93.6% post intervention with a P-value = 0.006.                            
Conclusion: Implementation of the training program on neonatal hypothermia was very effective and significantly increased nurses’ level of knowledge and practices. We recommend similar training programs should be given to all nurses working in the neonatal intensive care units in Sudan.
Histopathological Features of Whipple Pancreaticoduodenectomy in Sudan: A Single-center Experience
Authors: Mekki Salwa O. , Zulfu Azza A. , Dabora Abderrhaim , Elhaj Waleed , Osman Salah , Ahmed Musaab , Ahmed Mohamed H.
Published: April 2022

Background: Periampullary tumors (PATs) are rare and Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy is the commonest surgical approach for its management. The aim of this study was to analyze the histopathological features of Whipple-resected periampullary tumors in Sudanese patients.  
Methods: This retrospective descriptive study included 62 cases of Whipple resection seen in a center in Khartoum, Sudan from January 2016 to June 2021. The specimens were assessed for nine features of the tumor: site of the tumor (whether within the periampullary region), size of the tumor, histological type of the tumor, grade, perineural invasion, lymph vascular invasion, surgical margin status, lymph node metastasis status, and the pathological stage (pTNM).
Results: In total, 62 cases, 40 (64.5%) males and 22 (35.5%) females, were included. Age ranged from 20 to 90 years with a mean age of 56.08 years (±12.98 SD). Of the 62 cases, 58 were malignant (93.5%), while 4 cases were benign (6.5%). The pancreas was the commonest site for malignant tumors (53.4%), followed by the ampulla (24.1%), duodenum (15.5%), and distal common bile duct tumors (DCBD) (7%). The maximum tumor size was 8 cm, and the number of lymph nodes resected ranged from 3 to 33. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) showed the highest percentage of perineural (62.1%) and lymphovascular (55.2%) invasions, and a positive margin was seen in four cases. The most common tumor stage was pT3pN1pMx.
Conclusion: PATs in the Sudanese population showed histological diversity regarding subtyping, grading, and staging. Further studies involving molecular prognostic features will support improving patient management.
The Antibiotic Resistance and Multidrug Resistance Pattern of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli at Soba University Hospital: A Descriptive Retrospective Survey
Authors: Eezzeldin Hagir Mohamed , Badi Safaa , Yousef Bashir Alsiddig
Published: April 2022

Background: The irrational use of antibiotics for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) may lead to increased antimicrobial resistance among uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli), as well as multidrug resistance worldwide, which will limit available treatment options for UTIs caused by these organisms. This study aimed to determine the resistance pattern of E. coli causing UTIs in out-patients and in-patients of Soba University Hospital.
Methods: Data were collected from the laboratory records in the Department of Microbiology in Soba Teaching Hospital by using a predesigned checklist and then analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences. Bivariate analysis (Chi-square test) was used to compare between variables.
Results: Out of the 231 E. coli urine cultures, 160 (69.3%) were collected from females. The results showed high resistance to ampicillin (92.4%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (83.3%), cephalexin (90.6%), cefuroxime (72%), ceftazidime (71%), ceftriaxone (72%), ciprofloxacin (68%), and co-trimoxazole (75.3%). Collectively, around 188 (81.4%) were multidrug-resistant. On the other hand, the sensitivities of E. coli isolates were 68.8%, 93.1%, 89.4%, and 100% to gentamicin, amikacin, and carbapenems, respectively. 
Conclusion: The rate of E. coli resistance was observed to be high to the commonly prescribed drugs for UTIs, including ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, different cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and co-trimoxazole. However, E. coli showed lower resistance rates to nitrofurantoin, amikacin, and carbapenems. Thus, these drugs can be reserved for the empirical treatment of UTIs caused by E. coli.
Exploration of Role of Concentration on Sensing Activities using Novel unsymmetrical Schiff bases
Authors: DHASARATHAN Saranya , SHUNMUGAPERUMAL Selvaraj , SELVARAJ P Kamatchi
Published: April 2022

Simultaneous condensation reaction of thiocarbohydrazide with simple aromatic aldehyde and highly reactive ferrocenecarboxaldehyde resulted with unusual unsymmentric Schiff bases associated with multi metal ion sensing property. Spectral characterization methods indicate the formation of the new materials. Guest- host relationship established between various metal ions and receptors changes the electronic spectra drastically and for the addition of Cu2+ ions, formation of MLCT charge transfer band responsible for the coordination of metal ion with receptor has been noticed. Data calculated from the results of responses recorded for the applied potential to the metal added and metal free receptor solution exposes the concentration of metal ions required for the effective sensing process.
Development of Functional Guar Gum-Based Highly Water Absorbent and Investigation of Reaction Parameters
Authors: . Sapna , SİNGH Jay , SAND Arpit
Published: April 2022

The present article describes guar-gum (GG) polysaccharide-based eco-friendly highly water absorbable polymer network with itaconic acid (IA) and acrylamide (AAm) as monomers, prepared due to characteristic features such as natural abundance, biocompatibilities, and biodegradability as well as biological and physicochemical properties. The solution polymerization technique was used successfully to synthesize the GG-g-PIA-co-AAm co-polymer. In this method, IA and AAm monomer polymerize onto polysaccharides GG in an aqueous medium at 70 °C with potassium persulfate (KPS) acting as a chemical initiator and N, N′-methylene-bisacrylamide (N-MBA) acting as a cross-linker. The maximum allowed time to complete the reaction was 1 hour and 20 minutes. The consequence of the neutralization degree of itaconic acid, GG, AAm, N-MBA, and KPS was optimized. Surface morphology and binding behavior of prepared GG-g-PIA-co-AAm were characterized by FTIR and SEM microscopy. The grafting (between GG and IA and AAm and crosslinking reactions were produced by a solid chemical empathy between the NH2 groups in the guar gum and the carboxylic groups in the poly itaconic acid, leading to the formation of amide bonds. Various parameters like free-absorbency capacity (FAC) as high as possible and (AUL) were also studied for efficient absorbent polymers. A hypothetical mechanism for polymeric reaction during polymerization has been proposed.
Jacob as ‘the prophet’ in Nahmanides’ commentary
Authors: Sklarz Miriam
Published: April 2022

This article is part of a series of studies that examines Nahmanides’ use of rhetorical devices in the design of his Torah commentary. It addresses Nahmanides’ use of epithets for biblical characters. Nahmanides scarcely uses a consistent epithet for one character; therefore an intensive and consistent repetition of a specific epithet calls for special attention on the part of the reader. The epithet ‘the prophet’ is used twelve times in reference to Jacob in Nahmanides’ exegesis. Moreover, Nahmanides emphasizes Jacob’s prophetic skill and his unique virtue as a prophet, a theme entirely absent from his commentary on the Abraham and Isaac narratives. This study brings to light the theological significance of the epithet ‘the prophet’ with regard to Jacob’s character.
The trilingual Hebrew/Aramaic/Judeo-Greek glossary from MS Vat. ebr. 423
Authors: De Ridder Niels
Published: April 2022

This article contains the first edition and commentary of the trilingual Hebrew/Aramaic/Judeo-Greek glossary found in MS Vat. ebr. 423. The glossary is arranged in three columns, in alphabetical order following the Hebrew lemmata. This alphabetical order is unusual. The focus of the glossary is not entirely clear, containing both basic and rare vocabulary, with a marked interest in names and epithets for God and in the Song of Songs. An analysis of the language of the glossary points to an origin in the fifteenth century. The dialectical profile is mixed, and does not allow for a clear identification. The glossary contains many parallels with the LXX and with the translations of Aquila and Symmachus. A number of formal and linguistic characteristics link the glossary to other glossaries in the Biblical Judeo-Greek tradition.
Reform Rabbi Herbert Weiner’s writings on religion in Israel in the 1950s and 1960s
Authors: Kaplan Dana Evan
Published: April 2022

As an important yet virtually ignored American Jewish thinker, Rabbi Herbert Weiner was the first post-World War II Reform theologian to embrace Jewish mysticism. Weiner’s writings were deeply influenced by Zionist theoretical thought as well as his extensive and frequent sabbaticals in British Mandatory Palestine and later the State of Israel. Fascinated by both Kabbalah and Hasidism, Weiner was particularly influenced by Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook. This article looks at the impact of Weiner’s temporary appointment as administrator of the Hebrew Union College campus in Jerusalem in the early 1960s and the difficulties that this created for him in his relationships with Israeli Orthodox mystics, including Rabbi Zvi Yehudah Kook. The article makes a contribution to the study of the intellectual relationships between American Reform and Israeli Orthodox rabbinic thinkers in the post-war period.
Social Media Dependency and Work-Related Attitudes with Religiosity Mediation
Authors: Hassan Asaari Muhammad Hasmi Abu , Desa Nasina Mat , Arshad Mohd Anuar , Mohamad Noor Mohamad Muzammil
Published: April 2022

The paper explores the social media dependency and work-related attitudes about religiosity as a mediator among employees in public and private organizations. Not many studies explore the above variables especially in the context of Malaysian employees. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed among employees in the public and private organizations in the selected major cities in the country. Data analyses are conducted using SPSS, namely reliability analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediation analysis. Interestingly, the paper only discovers religiosity has a positive impact on work-related attitudes among employees in public and private organizations. Unfortunately, the other hypotheses are not supported and no mediation of religiosity on social media dependency and work-related attitudes was discovered. Further analysis is conducted on religiosity as moderator; the result also shows no moderation of religiosity on social media dependency and work-related attitudes. Discussions on the results are elaborated accordingly.
Council of Europe Mission. Conflict Impact with Russia
Authors: Mecaj Stela
Published: April 2022

Over the years, international organizations have played critical roles in the interactions and relationships that develop within the international system between and among states. The Russian Federation joined the Council of Europe in 1996 to strengthen its democratic policies. The nature of Russia’s membership in the Council of Europe is somewhat paradoxical, given how far it strayed from the organization’s objectives and principles. This also includes the organization's credibility and ability to promote democratic values throughout the Russian Federation by applying the European Convention on Human Rights. In light of the latest developments in the conflict with Russia, the issue of the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, on which the Council of Europe is mainly focused, seems to be a key point in the European debate and beyond. This paper summarized all points where the Council of Europe deviated from its principles and objectives. The Council of Europe, among others, has to strengthen its authority and become more resilient to afford future crises. The main question of this paper is directly related to the research strategy which is the first element. The general question of this paper is as follows: Can the mission and purpose of the Council of Europe be considered fulfilled in any case of the existence of this organization?
Evaluation of Facial Soft-Tissue Morphology among Different Vertical Skeletal Profile
Authors: Abdulal Ghadir , Osman Aly , Abyad Ahmed
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study was to compare facial groups classified according to their vertical skeletal characteristics (hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent) and to their respective soft tissue morphological features, particularly those relating to the lips and chin. 90 Lateral cephalometric x-rays were collected from the Orthodontic clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry, Beirut Arab University and divided into 3 equal groups based on mandibular plane angle, hypodivergent facial type (SN/MP <27°), normodivergent facial type (SN/MP between 27° and 37°), hyperdivergent facial type (SN/MP >37°). The mean upper and lower lips thickness was maximum among hypodivergent group (8.95 mm and 9.35 mm, respectively). The mean upper lip height was maximum among hyperdivergent group (11.3 mm), while lower lip height was maximum among hypodivergent group (25.32 mm). The mean procumbency of upper (PUL) and lower lips (PLL) was maximum among hypodivergent (2.08 mm and 0.87 mm, respectively). However, the mean chin thickness was maximum among hyperdivergent group (7.84 mm). Statistically significant difference among the three groups were observed only in Hypo vs Normo-divergent groups in ULT. Concerning PUL and PLL, there was a statistically significant differences between the different groups in Hypo vs Normodivergent and Hypo vs Hyperdivergent groups. It was concluded that the thickness of upper and lower lip, height of lower lip, and procumbency of both lips showed to be greater in hypodivergent facial patterns.
Impacts de l’envahissement de Sida cordifolia L. sur la diversité herbacée d’un parcours pastoral sahélien : la vallée du Goulbi N’Kaba de Mayahi au Niger
Authors: Laouali Abdou , Abdoul Razak Sani Tari , Achirou Moutari
Published: April 2022

L’espèce végétale Sida cordifolia pose de sérieux problèmes pour les systèmes d’élevage. Son développement réduit particulièrement, la disponibilité du fourrage dans les aires de pâture en voix de dégradation et les couloirs de passage. Cette étude a pour but d’évaluer les impacts de développement de l’espèce sur la diversité des plantes herbacées autour de la vallée de Goulbi N’Kaba de Mayahi. Des relevés phytosociologiques ont été effectués dans quatre (4) communes à travers la méthode des points quadrats, sur des sites soumis et non soumis à la lutte physique contre cette plante envahissante. Elle se révèle la plus compétitive vis-à-vis des autres herbes dans les sites non soumis à la lutte, avec une contribution spécifique de 35,43%. La méthode de lutte physique utilisée s’avère rentable en réduisant le recouvrement de S. cordifolia de 35,43% à 4,71%. La diversité est faible dans les sites non soumis à la lutte contre S. cordifolia (H = 2,5). Elle est moyenne dans les sites soumis à la lutte (H=3,1). Les deux types de sites présentent peu d’espèces communes (JACCARD (Pj) = 40% soit 0,4). Cette étude a contribué à la connaissance des impacts de S. cordifolia sur la diversité herbacée de la zone concernée et contribuera sans doute à élaborer des stratégies de lutte efficace contre cette herbe envahissante qui impacte négativement le développement des espèces fourragères.

The plant species Sida cordifolia poses serious problems for livestock systems. Its development particularly reduces the available fodder in the pasture areas in the path of degradation and the corridors of passage. The aim of this study is to assess the impacts of the development of the species on the diversity of herbaceous plants around the Goulbi N'Kaba valley of Mayahi. Phytosociological surveys were carried out in four (4) municipalities using the quadrat point method, on sites subject and not subject to the physical fight against this invasive plant. It is found to be the most competitive against other grasses in sites not subject to control, with a specific contribution of 35.43%.The physical control method used was effective by reducing the recovery of S. cordifolia from 35.43% to 4.71%. Diversity is low in sites not subject to control of S. cordifolia (H = 2.5). It is average in the sites subject to control (H=3.1). The two types of sites have few common species (JACCARD (Pj) = 40% or 0.4). This study has contributed to the knowledge of the impacts of S. cordifolia on the herbaceous diversity of the area concerned and will undoubtedly contribute to the development of effective control strategies against this invasive weed which negatively impacts the development of forage species.
A Quantitative Approach to the Study of Deviant Usage of Mood and Modality in Argumentative Essays of Second Year Students of Berekum College of Education
Authors: Gyau Christopher
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to find out the quantitative approach to the study of deviant usages of mood and modality in argumentative essays of second year students of Berekum College of Education in the Ashanti region of Ghana. The main objectives of the study were to investigate the causes of Berekum College of Education students’ inability to use mood and modality features appropriately to write good argumentative essays, identify the specific challenges the students are confronted with and the main causes of their lack of interest for argumentative essays. Data were collected from a purposive sample of 150 second year students of Berekum College of Education by way of questionnaires, an in-class essay test, summary test and objective test. These were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings reveal that there was no exposure to the appropriate use of mood and modality as well as argumentative essays at the pre-college level of their education. The findings also indicate that students were simply of the view that their tutors must serve as role models in the use of the features of mood and modality in all their discussions and deliberations to enable students learn the practicalities of the usage of the concepts from them. It also discloses that second-year students of Berekum College of Education lack interest in writing argumentative essays, and are unable to make appropriate use of mood and modality to be successful in the writing of such essays. It is therefore recommended that students should practise the concepts they are taught to enhance their understanding of mood and modality and their usage in argumentative essays while English tutors avail themselves for in-service training, workshops and seminars to abreast themselves of new trends of teaching language classes, especially in dealing with mood and modality in argumentative essays.
Centro Fotográfico de Lima - Centro de difusión, enseñanza y conservación de fotografía
Authors:   , Sarango López Andrea Sofía
Published: April 2022

Durante los últimos tiempos, la fotografía se ha convertido en una forma de expresión artística muy valorada. Desde mediados del s.XIX, ha sido el medio de registro de nuestras costumbres, eventos históricos e incluso vestigios arquitectónicos alrededor del mundo. No obstante, con el paso de los años y los avances del mundo digital, el material fotográfico parece haber pasado al olvido. Hoy en día, el Perú cuenta con una gran cantidad de material fotográfico considerado patrimonio histórico. Por ende, su conservación y adecuada exposición al mundo es fundamental. Lamentablemente, existe una carencia de infraestructura apropiada y personal calificado para su adecuada conservación. Ante esta problemática, se plantea desarrollar el Centro Fotográfico de Lima, el cual congregará, en un único lugar, la difusión, enseñanza y conservación de fotografía. Su ubicación céntrica y accesible, permitirá tener una gran acogida a nivel metropolitano. Estará ubicado en el distrito de Cercado de Lima en la urbanización de Santa Beatriz, la cual cuenta con arquitectura de valor histórico al ser una de las primeras urbanizaciones formadas tras la expansión de Lima a inicios del s.XX. La propuesta se enfoca en formar espacios de diálogo y contemplación tomando como punto de partida la adecuación con el entorno urbano, la repotenciación del uso del espacio público y peatonal, la permeabilidad de la relación interior-exterior y finalmente el uso de la luz natural como potenciador del espacio arquitectónico. Se busca crear un espacio cultural para todos aquellos que busquen conocer más sobre este arte.
Socio-Economic Wellbeing and Human Rights-Related Experiences of People with Disabilities in Covid-19 Times in South Africa
Authors: Hart Tim , Wickenden Mary , Thompson Stephen , Davids Yul Derek , Pienaar Gary , Ngungu Mercy , Majikijela Yamkela , Rubaba Tinashe , Molongoana Nthabiseng , Bohler-Muller Narina , Wentzel-du Toit Therina , Kalis Andre , Boya Lebogang , Mofokeng Masentle
Published: April 2022

During the early months of the global pandemic the international Disability Rights Monitor group survey illustrated the circumstances of persons with disabilities around the world. Gradually literature on the situation for persons with disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa started to emerge. As members of an informal network looking at issues affecting this group, some of the authors of this report realised that much of the research done was not specifically focusing on their perceptions during the pandemic and that it was not using the WG-SS questions. Having noticed a gap in the type of data being collected by other scholars and the media, this small informal network identified a need for a survey that would look at both experiences and perceptions of persons with disabilities focussing on lived experiences of socioeconomic impacts and access to human rights during the pandemic in South Africa. This report summarises some of the key findings of the study, which was conducted on-line using Google Forms from the 1 July to 31 August 2021. All percentages displayed are rounded to the nearest percent and this may affect what is displayed in charts. While we cite some literature in this report, a separate literature review was written by the team, and was used to guide the research and focus the questions.
Impact of Vietnam’s Covid-19 Response on Vulnerable Groups
Authors: Do Thao Ngoc , Chiang Mina , Kasper Eric , Chen Sharlene
Published: April 2022

Our research shows how Vietnam’s Covid-19 policy response has influenced Vietnamese migrant workers and counter-trafficking work, particularly in border areas. Vietnam is a major labour exporter and is in the top ten countries that receive international remittances. Examining the impact of the pandemic means taking into account the livelihoods and wellbeing of hundreds of thousands of overseas migrant workers. This briefing considers the impact of Vietnam’s policy response to the Covid-19 pandemic on such workers and supports adjustments in policy planning.
RECONSTRUCTION OF ANTI-CORRUPTION EDUCATION THROUGH THE ROLE OF CROSS-RELIGIOUS LEADERS IN BENGKULU
Authors: Marhayati Nelly , Chandra Pasmah
Published: April 2022

The goal of this study was to learn more about the role of inter-religion leaders in Bengkulu's anti-corruption education reconstruction. Interfaith leaders can play a role not only in theology and worship, but also in imparting anti-corruption education, which is intended to mold anti-corruption behavior in society by planting such education. This study employed a qualitative, phenomenological approach as its methodology. The role of interfaith leaders in Bengkulu in shaping anti-corruption behavior in society is still limited to providing reinforcement to the congregation through the delivery of good teachings, according to the data from interviews with five participants where they are interfaith leaders. By referring to social learning theory it was known that the role of inter religion leaders in Bengkulu in forming anti-corruption attitude in the society was still limited in emphasizing the congregation through conveying goodness and sincerity. As a result, it is necessary to reconstruct anti-corruption education carried out by the inter-religion leaders by collaborating with the Religious Communication Forum and carrying out sustainable activities involving inter-religion communities.
THE EFFECT OF HEADMASTERS' LEADERSHIP STYLE, SUPERVISION ABILITY AND WORK CLIMATE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION TEACHERS IN PRABUMULIH CITY
Authors: Lutfi Lutfi , Khodijah Nyayu , Hawi Akmal
Published: April 2022

This research was motivated by the fact that there were several principals at SMPN Prabumulih, sometimes in certain aspects of leadership they still rely too much on their subordinates, including waiting for ideas from their subordinates. Then, teacher performance is required to plan, implement and assess learning programs and train students during the learning process. This study aims to analyze the influence of the Principal's Leadership Style, Supervision Ability, and Work Climate, on the Performance of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) Teachers in Junior High Schools in Prabumulih City. The method used in this study was a quantitative method. This research is a causal-comparative research. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires. Data wasanalyzed by using data normality test, autocorrelation test, linearity test, multicollinearity test and path analysis. From the results of data analysis, the following findings were obtained; 1) There is a positive influence between the principal's leadership style and academic supervision ability; 2) There is a positive influence between the principal's leadership style on the work climate; 3) There is a positive influence between the ability of academic supervision on the work climate; 4) There is a positive influence between the principal's leadership style on teacher performance; 5) There is a positive influence between academic supervision ability on teacher performance and 6) There is a positive influence between work climate on teacher performance.
Eco “conteudista"
Authors: Rocha Diego Tadeu de Oliveira , Coutinho Luciana Cristina Salvatti
Published: April 2022

O presente artigo analisa a importância dada pela Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica aos conteúdos escolares e a construção curricular, realizando um contraponto com o discurso neoliberal contrário a função principal dos conteúdos dentro da prática pedagógica; denominando “conteudista” os docentes e as propostas pedagógicas que procuram realizar o processo de transmissão-assimilação dos conhecimentos científicos, artísticos e filosóficos evidenciado nos conteúdos escolares. Orientando-se pela nossa própria prática docente e pelo nosso próprio desenvolvimento da síncrese, abstração/análise e síntese diante da pedagogia analisada, desdobramos os principais conceitos que envolvem a teoria curricular e os conteúdos escolares como prioritários.
Circular RNA drives resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy by regulating the miR-30a-5p/SOX4 axis in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wu Jing , Zhu Meng-Xuan , Li Ke-Sang , Peng Ling , Zhang Peng-Fei
Published: April 2022

Aim: Circular RNAs are widely and abnormally expressed in human cancer cells, and they participate in cancer progression. However, they have rarely been investigated in the immune evasion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we elucidated the function and molecular mechanism of hsa_circ_0020714 in promoting the resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy of NSCLC. Methods: The expression of hsa_circ_0020714 were examined by qRT-PCR. In vivo experiments were executed to investigate the biological function of hsa_circ_0020714 in the sensitivity of NSCLC to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. The qRT-PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization, RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation, and western blot were carried out to investigate the potential regulatory mechanisms of hsa_circ_0020714 in NSCLC immune evasion. Results: The expression of hsa_circ_0020714 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues compared to the paired adjacent non-tumor tissues, and an increased expression of hsa_circ_0020714 was significantly associated with a bad prognosis and resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients with NSCLC. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0020714 functions as an endogenous miR-30a-5p sponge to enhance SOX4 expression, thereby promoting immune evasion and anti-PD-1 resistance in NSCLC patients. Conclusion: Hsa_circ_0020714 induces the immune evasion and resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy of NSCLC via the miR-30a-5p/SOX4 axis, and may be an promising immunotherapeutic target in NSCLC.
Free flow electrophoresis allows quick and reproducible preparation of extracellular vesicles from conditioned cell culture media
Authors: Staubach Simon , Tertel Tobias , Walkenfort Bernd , Buschmann Dominik , Pfaffl Michael W. , Weber Gerhard , Giebel Bernd
Published: April 2022

Aim: Despite intensive research during the last decade, it remains challenging to prepare extracellular vesicles (EVs) of high purity, especially from primary body liquids or protein-rich conditioned media. For now, time-consuming combinations of at least two orthogonal methods, e.g., density and size separation, are required to enrich EVs to high purity, often at the expense of processing time. Therefore, novel technologies are required that allow EV preparation in acceptable time intervals and to fair purities. Free-flow electrophoresis (FFE) constitutes a well-established semi-preparative method to separate and prepare analytes, e.g., by inherent differences in their electric charges. FFE combines a flow-driven longitudinal transport of sample material with vertical electrophoresis and allows the separation of sample components into up to 96 different fractions. It was our aim to evaluate the potential of FFE for the separation of EVs from other sample components of EV-containing protein-rich conditioned cell culture media. Methods: Exemplarily, conditioned media of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells raised in the presence of EV-containing 10% human platelet lysate were processed. We analyzed the obtained fractions by different technologies, including imaging flow cytometry, western blot and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Results: We demonstrate that FFE quickly and reproducibly separates EVs from a huge proportion of molecules included in the original sample. Conclusion: Our results qualify FFE as a feasible, quick and reproducible technology for the preparation of bona fide EVs.
Genome-wide analysis reflects novel 5-hydroxymethylcytosines implicated in diabetic nephropathy and the biomarker potential
Authors: Yang Ying , Zeng Chang , Yang Kun , Xu Shaohua , Zhang Zhou , Cai Qinyun , He Chuan , Zhang Wei , Liu Song-Mei
Published: April 2022

Aim: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become the most common cause of end-stage renal disease in most countries for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Elucidating novel epigenetic contributors to DN can not only enhance our understanding of this complex disorder but also lay the foundation for developing more effective monitoring tools and preventive interventions in the future, thus contributing to our ultimate goal of improving patient care. Methods: 5-hydroxymethylcytosines (5hmC)-Seal, a highly selective chemical labeling technique, was used to profile genome-wide 5hmC, a stable cytosine modification type marking gene activation, in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples from a cohort of patients recruited at Zhongnan Hospital, including T2D patients with nephropathy (DN, n = 12), T2D patients with non-DN vascular complications (non-DN, n = 29), and T2D patients without any complication (controls, n = 14). Differential analysis was performed to find DN-associated 5hmC features, followed by the exploration of biomarker potential of 5hmC in cfDNA for DN using a machine learning approach. Results: Genome-wide analyses of 5hmC in cfDNA detected 427 and 336 differential 5hmC modifications associated with DN, compared with non-DN individuals and controls, and suggested relevant pathways such as NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and tyrosine metabolism. Our exploration using a machine learning approach revealed an exploratory model comprised of ten 5hmC genes showing the possibility to distinguish DN from non-DN individuals or controls. Conclusion: Genome-wide analysis suggests the possibility of exploiting novel 5hmC in patient-derived cfDNA as a non-invasive tool for monitoring DN in high-risk T2D patients in the future.
Recommender Systems in E-learning
Authors: Zhang Qian , Lu Jie , Zhang Guangquan
Published: April 2022

In this era when every aspect of society is accelerating, people are always seeking improvement to stay competitive in their careers. E-learning systems fit into the ever challenging situation and provide learners with remote learning opportunities and abundant learning resources. Facing with the numerous resources online, users need support in deciding which course to take, thus recommender systems are applied in E-learning to provide learners with personalized services by automatically identifying their preferences. This position paper systematically discusses the main recommendation techniques employed in in E-learning and identifies new research directions. Three main recommendation techniques are reviewed in this paper: content-based, collaborative filtering-based and knowledge-based recommendations. The basic mechanism of these technique together with how they are used to fulfill the specific requirements in the context of E-learning are highlighted and presented. The observations in this paper could support researchers and practitioners to better understand the current development and future directions of recommender systems in E-learning.
Rethinking the adversary and operational characteristics of deniable storage
Authors: Barker Austen , Gupta Yash , Hughes James , Miller Ethan L. , Lon Darrell D. E.
Published: April 2022

Aim: With the widespread adoption of disk encryption technologies, it has become common for adversaries to employ coercive tactics to force users to surrender encryption keys. For some users, this creates a need for hidden volumes that provide plausible deniability, the ability to deny the existence of sensitive information. Previous deniable storage solutions only offer pieces of an implementable solution that do not take into account more advanced adversaries, such as intelligence agencies, and operational concerns. Specifically, they do not address an adversary that is familiar with the design characteristics of any deniable system. Methods: We evaluated existing threat models and deniable storage system designs to produce a new, stronger threat model and identified design characteristics necessary in a plausibly deniable storage system. To better explore the implications of this stronger adversary, we developed Artifice, the first tunable, operationally secure, self repairing, and fully deniable storage system. Results: With Artifice, hidden data blocks are split with an information dispersal algorithm such as Shamir Secret Sharing to produce a set of obfuscated carrier blocks that are indistinguishable from other pseudorandom blocks on the disk. The blocks are then stored in unallocated space of an existing file system. The erasure correcting capabilities of an information dispersal algorithm allow Artifice to self repair damage caused by writes to the public file system. Unlike preceding systems, Artifice addresses problems regarding flash storage devices and multiple snapshot attacks through simple block allocation schemes and operational security measures. To hide the user’s ability to run a deniable system and prevent information leakage, a user accesses Artifice through a separate OS stored on an external Linux live disk. Conclusion: In this paper, we present a stronger adversary model and show that our proposed design addresses the primary weaknesses of existing approaches to deniable storage under this stronger assumed adversary.
Assessing the Level of Evidence for Interventions Used for Repeat Pregnancy in Teens for Possible Integration Into Evidence-Based Practice: A Review of Literature for Studies Carried out in the US From 1990 - 2021
Authors: Enwerem Nkechi M , White Davene , Wesley Zillah J , Simmons Tiffany , Shahady Mary , Robinson Ashley A. Turner , Winkfield Devora , Brown Gina S
Published: April 2022

Background: Repeat teen pregnancy among adolescents represents an important public health challenge worldwide as well as in the USA. Repeat teen pregnancy negatively impacts teen mother and the child, in enormous ways. It can cause emotional, psychological and educational challenges, as well as affect the life and opportunities of young mothers and their children. The children of teenage mothers are more likely to have lower school achievement and to drop out of high school, have more health problems, be incarcerated at some time during adolescence, give birth as a teenager, and face unemployment as a young adult.Understanding the levels of evidence of the interventions for adolescent repeat pregnancy can provide guidance to health practitioners and decision makers in selecting an intervention.The aim of this review is to assess the level of evidence of repeat pregnancy interventions conducted in the U.S. (United States) for possible integration into evidence-based practice.Methods: We focused on articles conducted in the U.S. and published between 1990 and 2021. We searched for articles in: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, EMBASE, Social Science Citation Index, Science Citation Index, Dissertations, Abstracts Online, PsycINFO, CINAHL, POPLINE, and the reference lists of articles.Research Question: ‘What are the levels of evidence for interventions for teen repeat pregnancy?’ Selection criteria: We included and evaluated any intervention that aimed to promote spacing of 2nd birth and reduced repeat teen pregnancies in adolescents ages 13 –19 years. Results: We retrieved fifty-two (52) primary repeat pregnancy intervention studies conducted in the U.S. from 1990 to 2021. Twenty-five (25) interventions met the inclusion criteria and were statistically significant. There were 12 randomized control studies that were statistically significant and met Level I evidence. Six (6) Quasi-experimental studies that were statistically significant and met Level II evidence. There were five (5) Cohort studies that were statistically significant, one prospective and four retrospective studies and met Level III evidence. Two descriptive studies of Level IV evidence.Conclusion: Interventions, can be categorized into: home visitation, peer support, school based and comprehensive interventions including contraceptive use. There were also disparities in the intervention follow-ups, components, study location, statistical analyses and persons conducting the intervention. These disparities, made it difficult to compare and contrast the different interventions. We were able to successfully assign Levels of evidence to each intervention. We identified Twelve (12) Level I; Six(6) Level II; five (5) Level III and two (2) Level IV.
Computational Study Potency of Eugenol and Safrole Derivatives as Active Sunscreen Material
Authors: Male Yusthinus Thobias , Sutapa I Wayan , Maahury Mirella Fonda , Jamal Muhamad , Male Dominggus
Published: April 2022

Computational studies have been carried out on eugenol and safrole derivatives as active sunscreen materials. The calculations were using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional and basis set 6-31G (d). The calculated eugenol derivative i.e. 3,4-dimethoxy isobutyl cinnamate; 3,4-dimethoxy isoamyl cinnamate; 3,4-dimethoxy isohexyl cinnamate; 3,4 dimethoxy isoheptyl cinnamate; 3,4-dimethoxy isoctyl cinnamate. The calculated safrole i.e. 3,4-methylenedioxy isobutyl cinnamate; 3,4-methylenedioxy isoamyl cinnamate; 3,4-methylenedioxy isohexyl cinnamate; 3,4-methylenedioxy isoheptyl cinnamate; and 3,4-methylenedioxy isooctyl cinnamate. The main parameter in determining the potential of sunscreen compounds is energy gap. The results of computational calculations show that the 3,4-methylenedioxy isohexyl cinnamate has the smallest energy gap (HOMO-LUMO) of 0.15021 eV. This shows that 3,4-methylenedioxy isohexyl cinnamate has a better potential as an active sunscreen material. In addition, the elongation of the alkyl chain does not significantly affect the HOMO-LUMO energy difference
Lipase Activity, Hematological and Blood Biochemistry of Osphronemus gouramy Fed with Suplementation of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Simanjuntak Sorta Basar Ida , Hana Hana , Yunida Riska , Zuwanda Maditaningtyas Hawwa
Published: April 2022

Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris are algae that contain high nutrients, such as protein, vitamins, and minerals. The purpose of this study was to determine the lipase activity, hematological, blood biochemistry and to obtain the most effective supplementation of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris in feed to enhance lipase activity, hematological parameter, blood biochemistry of gourami. The study was conducted experimentally in which 100 gourami fish were assigned randomely to the following treatments:  P1 = Spirulina platensis 6 g kg-1 feed; P2 = Chlorella vulgaris 4 g kg-1; P3 = Spirulina platensis 3 g kg-1 + Chlorella vulgaris 2 g kg-1; P4 = Spirulina platensis 2 g kg-1 + Chlorella vulgaris 3 g kg-1; and C = feed without supplementation as control, in four replicates. Lipase activity was measured in various digestive organs at pH 2, 5, 7, 8 and 10. The results showed that supplementation of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris affected lipase activity; hematological parameter and blood biochemistry of gourami. The combination Spirulina platensis + Chlorella vulgaris supplementation in feed showed the highest increased of the lipase activity, hematological parameter and blood biochemistry of gourami. Spirulina platensis + Chlorella vulgaris supplementation in feed might improve growth and immunity since the increase of digestive enzyme functioning which enhances feed utilization and the increase of biochemical parameters of blood, respectively.
Discrimination of Metabolite Profiles of Gayo Roasted Arabica and Robusta Coffees
Authors: Happyana Nizar , Syah Yana Maolana , Hakim Euis Holisotan
Published: April 2022

Gayo (Aceh) coffee is one of the best coffees from Indonesia. In this work, metabolites in the Gayo roasted arabica and robusta coffees were identified with 1H NMR spectroscopy analysis. Accumulatively 28 compounds were successfully detected, including the major and minor metabolites of the roasted coffee. Multivariate data analysis was applied to evaluate the dataset extracted from 1H NMR spectra of the coffee samples, result in the disclosure of the differences in the chemical profiles between the Gayo roasted coffees of arabica and robusta. Score plots obtained from the models of principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLSDA), classified the roasted coffee samples based on their species. Loading plot and S-plot revealed the discriminant compounds for each coffee. Gayo roasted arabica coffee was characterized with acetic acid and trigonelline, while the robusta coffee was discriminated with fatty acids. This report revealed the chemical differences of both coffees and confirmed the diversity of Gayo coffees.