bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les petites mains de l’excellence. Place et rôle des chargées de projet dans la mise en œuvre d’une Initiative d’excellence
Authors: Harroche Audrey
Published: August 2019

Depuis le milieu des années 2000, l’État soutient des politiques d’excellence qui visent à créer en France des universités de classe mondiale en concentrant des ressources supplémentaires sur les meilleurs établissements, les meilleurs laboratoires et les meilleurs chercheurs. Alors que ces politiques font des équipes dirigeantes des universités les acteurs centraux du pilotage de ces instruments, cet article montre que, au jour le jour, leur mise en œuvre repose sur des acteurs précaires comme les chargées de projet. Ces politiques d’excellence produisent une stratification de la profession académique par le haut, en renforçant les équipes dirigeantes des établissements, mais aussi par le bas en créant des postes précaires, dévalorisés, avec un rythme de travail difficile et particulièrement investis par des chercheuses.
La confiance institutionnelle des jeunes en Europe
Authors: Chevalier Tom
Published: August 2019

Resumé Depuis le début de la crise économique, les partis radicaux ont engrangé de plus en plus de voix partout en Europe, notamment chez les jeunes. Et les électeurs de ces partis, qu’ils soient de droite ou de gauche, partagent un faible niveau de confiance politique, notamment dans les institutions. Or les niveaux de confiance institutionnelle des jeunes diffèrent grandement d’un pays à l’autre en Europe. Comment donc rendre compte de ces différences ? Nous affirmons dans cet article que ces différences sont dues à l’action publique. À partir d’analyses multiniveaux sur les données de l’ European Social Survey , nous montrons que plus les politiques de citoyenneté économique sont inclusives et/ou plus les politiques de citoyenneté sociale sont individualisées, et plus la confiance à l’égard des institutions est prononcée chez les jeunes en général.
A Validity Study of the Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey: An Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Measure
Authors: Violato Efrem Mauro , King Sharla
Published: August 2019

Background:

In health care, there is a shift toward competency assessment, including in interprofessional collaboration and education. The Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey (ICCAS) has been designed to assess self-reported change in interprofessional competency.

Method:

The current study collects validity evidence for the ICCAS by replicating and expanding previous research, examining internal structure, item functioning, concurrent validity, response process, and consequential validity, including theoretical interpretation of the instrument's application and outcomes.

Results:

The ICCAS shows good reliability, a single-factor structure, adequate item discrimination, and a moderate concurrent validity. Insight was gained to response process and potential consequences that lend caution to the interpretation of ICCAS results dependent on learner populations.

Conclusion:

The ICCAS has shown stability, making it a potentially useful instrument in assessing self-reported competency but one that should be applied over multiple time points with an awareness of the specific characteristics and knowledge of the sample.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(8):454–462.]
Escape the Room: Innovative Approaches to Interprofessional Education
Authors: Kutzin Jared M.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Correctly leveling simulation scenarios for health professional students has posed a challenge for simulation educators teaching teamwork and communication skills. In addition, licensed health professionals may come to simulation-based scenarios with a predisposed hierarchy, preventing them from effectively learning the importance of teamwork and communication.

Method:

Using a simulation center environment for an escape room scenario allows educators to teach about teamwork and communication concepts via “edutain ment” (i.e., educational entertainment).

Results:

Employing escape room-type learning activities is an effective method to expose learners to teamwork and communication concepts without requiring them to use clinical knowledge and can teach teamwork and communication concepts in a unique and exciting way.

Conclusion:

Escape room scenarios are a novel way to teach interprofessional health students about teamwork and communication. This article describes how a simulation center planned, implemented, and evaluated an escape room scenario with a group of learners.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(8):474–480.]
Toxicity of the Photosensitizer NPe6 Following Intravitreal Injection
Authors: El-Dessouky El-Said , Moshfeghi Andrew A , Peyman Gholam A , Yoneya Shin , Mori Keisuke , Kazi Abdul A , Moshfeghi Darius M
Published: August 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the retinal toxicity of mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 (NPe6) following intravitreal injection.

* METHODS: Twelve Dutch-belted rabbits divided into 5 experimental groups (n=2 each) were injected intravitreally with 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 µg of NPe6; one control group (n=2) was injected with intravitreal normal saline. One eye in each rabbit was sutured shut to test the effect of light exposure. Fundus photography and electroretinograms were performed before treatment and 2 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks after injection. Animals were euthanized and the eyes enucleated for histopathologic analysis.

* RESULTS: After 1 week, 4 uncovered eyes given 50 and 100 µg had central retinal vein occlusion and varying degrees of retinal hemorrhage. RPE proliferation was seen in the covered eyes given 50 or 100 µg. Electroretinograms revealed absent retinal response at 100 µg and mild toxicity at 50 µg, but no change from normal at doses of ≤ 25 µg of NPe6.

* CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal doses of ≤ 25 µg NPe6 caused little or no apparent toxicity; however, toxicity was significant at doses of 50 µg and 100 µg.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:316-321]
Country-specific emission factors for biomass combustion in residential and agriculture sectors
Authors: Byčenkienė Steigvilė , Konstantinavičiūtė Inga , Plauškaitė Kristina , Striūgas Nerijus , Vonžodas Tomas , Sadeckas Marius , Pedišius Nerijus , Juodka Robertas , Juška Remigijus , Juškienė Violeta
Published: August 2019

In this research carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), ammonia (NH3) and total suspended particles (TSP) were measured, and national emission factors (EF) were determined. Although biomass is commonly used in the residential sector and releases a large part of pollutants in the atmosphere, due to lack of well-documented investigations on air pollutants EFs of wood burning it is difficult to set up representative country-specific emission factors in Lithuania. This study is focused on biomass combustion in the residential sector in order to provide data for country- and technology-specific national EFs. The study has estimated EFs of CO, NOx, NMVOC, TSP and NH3 from biomass burning in the residential and agriculture sectors, respectively, using four-step methodology according to the exhaust gas analysis.
Disputes, debt, and equity
Authors: Duncan Alfred , Nolan Charles
Published: August 2019

We show how the prospect of disputes over firms' revenue reports promotes debt financing over equity. This is demonstrated in a costly state verification model with a risk‐averse entrepreneur. The prospect of disputes encourages incentive contracts that limit penalties and avoid stochastic monitoring, even when the lender can commit to stochastic monitoring. Consequently, optimal contracts shift from equity toward standard debt. In short, when audit signals are weakly correlated with true incomes, standard debt contracts emerge as optimal; if audit signals are highly correlated with true incomes, optimal contracts resemble equity. When audit costs are sufficiently high, stochastic monitoring may be optimal. Optimal standard debt contracts under imperfect audits are shown to reproduce key empirical facts of U.S. firm borrowing.
Optimal structure and dissolution of partnerships
Authors: Loertscher Simon , Wasser Cédric
Published: August 2019

For a partnership model with general type distributions and interdependent values, we derive the optimal dissolution mechanisms that, for arbitrary initial ownership, maximize any convex combination of revenue and social surplus. The solution involves ironing around typically interior worst‐off types, which are endogenously determined. The optimal ownership structures are such that, with identical distributions, equal shares are always optimal. With nonidentical distributions, the optimal shares are typically asymmetric, the identity of the agents with large shares may change with the importance of revenue generation, and even fully concentrated initial ownership and assigning zero shares to the strongest agents can be optimal.
Competing mechanisms in markets for lemons
Authors: Auster Sarah , Gottardi Piero
Published: August 2019

We study directed search equilibria in a decentralized market with adverse selection, where uninformed buyers post general trading mechanisms and informed sellers select one of them. We show that this has differing and significant implications with respect to the traditional approach, based on bilateral contracting between the parties. In equilibrium, all buyers post the same mechanism and low‐quality sellers receive priority in any meeting with a buyer. Also, buyers make strictly higher profits with low‐ than with high‐type sellers. When adverse selection is severe, the equilibrium features rationing and is constrained inefficient. Compared to the equilibrium with bilateral contracting, the equilibrium with general mechanisms yields a higher surplus for most, but not all, parameter specifications.
User-Centred Design in Content Management System Development: The Case of EMasters
Authors: Nakić Jelena , Burčul Antonija , Marangunić Nikola
Published: August 2019

Including users in design and development of an interactive product is crucial to achieve high level of usability. Content management systems have two categories of users, content creators and content consumers, and designers of these systems have to considers the needs of both user groups. In design of interactive learning systems, special attention has to be given to the process of learning, which means that functional, accessible and usable interface has to serve the purpose of knowledge acquisition. Designing for mobile learning brings additional challenges due to the small screens of mobile devices. The paper describes the process of utilization of user-centred design in development of a simple content management system for learning called EMasters. The aim of the EMasters is to enable teachers to easily create and organize courses which will be delivered to students to facilitate web-based and mobile learning. According to the user-centred design approach, teachers and students are involved in iterative process of design, implementation and evaluation of EMasters. Evaluation study used complementary methods and provided quantitative and qualitative feedback. The usability score reached good level and the guidelines for redesign of the system interface are drown. According to the obtained results, proposed framework is confirmed to be applicable in user-centred design of content management systems in general. In addition, the directions for adjustment of the framework for specific cases are provided.
Casting Process Design and Simulation of Large Cast Steel Bracket
Authors: Xiong Jia Ji , Meng Fan Lin , Liang Qing Jin , Cao Chong
Published: August 2019

The casting process design of large cast steel supports is carried out, and the special integrated sand core and forged steel cast lugs are used to simplify the cavity manufacturing process. The ProCAST software was used to simulate the casting process of the stent, simulating the filling and solidification of the casting, and predicting the occurrence of defects such as shrinkage and shrinkage of the casting. According to the simulation results, the cause of the defects is analyzed, and the casting process of the stent is optimized. The simulation results show that the optimization scheme effectively reduces the casting defects and the surface of the stent is free from defects.
Effect of Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced ABS Composites
Authors: Dong Yu Xin , Wang Quan , Yang Chong Ying , Xu Wen Zhe , Zhou Shuo , Liu Dong Shun , Tian Jia He
Published: August 2019

In this paper, the carbon fiber and ABS composites were prepared in different carbon fiber power mass percent by the twin screw extruder. The mechanical properties of the ABS/CF composites were studied in different process parameters by injection molding. The influence of mold temperature, melt temperature, packing pressure and injection pressure on the mechanical properties was analyzed in different carbon fiber composites. The results show that with the content of carbon fiber increase, the tensile stress of the composite materials also increase. The effect of different carbon fiber power content on tensile stress is greater compared with process parameters.
Microscopic Analysis and Study of High-Performance Seawater All-Coral Concrete
Authors: Chen Chao , Liu Jin Ming , Yang Yang , Guo Zhi Guo
Published: August 2019

The ocean islands are far from inland and the concrete sandstone aggregates are scarce. In this paper, high-performance seawater all-coral concrete was developed by seawater mixing and room temperature maintenance design, and by optimizing the water-to-binder ratio, regulating internal curing, changing auxiliary cementing materials and blending ratio, incorporating expansion agent, adjusting fiber blending, etc. Combined with the consideration of work performance and mechanical properties, the concrete self-shrinkage is adjusted to further optimize the mix design. The mechanical properties of the optimized high-performance seawater all-coral concrete were studied, and the relevant durability tests were carried out according to the natural environment characteristics of the island. This is of great significance to the construction of island projects, repair and construction, and construction of protective projects [1].
Rapid Hydrothermal Growth of ZnO Nanorods on a Magnetron Sputtered Thick ZnO Seed Layer
Authors: Liu Jun Jie , Liu Ming Quan , Liu Yan Yi , Wang Nuo Yuan , Shen Geng Zhe , Liu Zhi Hao , Yang Wei Jia , Chen Mei , Zhang Chi , Liang Ping
Published: August 2019

In this work, we report rapid hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanorods on a magnetron sputtered thick ZnO seed layer. The ZnO seed layer on the glass substrarte is monocrystalline and formed by 600 °C annealing for 1 hour after magnetic sputtering. The morphology of the ZnO grain in the ZnO seed layer plays a critical role in the growing of the ZnO nanorods, and the slant ZnO grain results in the slant ZnO nanorod and connected ZnO nonrods. It is found that the average growth of the ZnO nanorods is ~75 nm/minute. The rapid grow rate may be owing to the monocrystallie and the pure water solution of the growth solution.
The development of precursors to literacy in mentally disabled children
Authors: Marais Debra , Alant Erna
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to investigate metalinguistic precursors to literacy in mentally handicapped children, with a view to improve literacy training in this population. Language proficiency and environmental literacy factors were explored, and an analysis was made of proficiency in several metalinguistic tasks (i.e., higher level language awareness skills). Six children who are educable mentally retarted, with mental ages between five and seven years (chronological ages between six and sixteen years) were assessed. Results showed that environmental factors of literacy socialisation and print awareness were adequate, with reasonable exposure to literacy artifacts and events. Language abilities were also adequately developed. Isolated metalinguistic skills (e.g., phonemic segmentation) had developed in those children who had received reading instruction, however, most metalinguistic precursors were not adequately developed for their mental ages and were below a five-year level.
Knowledge and attitudes of a group of South African mine workers towards noise induced hearing loss and the use of hearing protective devices
Authors: Kahan Elise , Ross Eleanor
Published: August 2019

The study aimed to explore the knowledge and attitudes of a group of mine workers regarding noise induced hearing loss and the use of hearing protective devices. These aims were investigated via a questionnaire administered in a group setting to 55 underground mine workers. The main finding that emerged from the study was that respondents were poorly informed regarding the fact that noise was a health hazard. Furthermore, the knowledge that respondents did possess, appeared to have been derived from the personal experience of working in noisy environments for many years, rather than from educational input. Contrary to expectations, respondents did not view deafness as a status symbol but rather as a negative attribute. Consequently, they were motivated to protect themselves from hearing impairment and to be educated about hearing and the effects of noise. The mine workers complained about discomfort when wearing hearing protective devices as well as feelings of insecurity due to inhibition of communication and the inability to hear warning signals. For these reasons, noise protection was mainly worn in situations perceived as noisy by workers themselves. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for the clinical practice of audiology; hearing conservation in the mining industry; further research; and the training and education of speech-language pathologists and audiologists.
Tentative age-related norms for high frequency electric bone conduction audiometry
Authors: Voogt G. R. , Schoeman H. S.
Published: August 2019

From 172 male and female patients aged 7-71 years old and admitted in one month to a tuberculosis hospital, 150 had their highest audible electric bone conduction (EBC) frequency evaluated, prior to the commencement of any medical treatment. Various problems in establishing high frequency norms are discussed and from the results of this study tentative age-related highest frequency EBC norms are suggested. Possible clinical applications of evaluating the highest audible C frequency is suggested.
Ototoxicity of aminoglycoside drugs in tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Voogt G. R. , Schoeman H. S.
Published: August 2019

The possible ototoxic effect of kanamycin, streptomycin and a standard anti-TB drug combination, used in the treatment of 92 TB patients (7-71 years old), was examined by measuring the highest audible electric bone conduction frequency before and after treatment, using an audimax 500 audiometer. At the so-called "safe" levels of drug administration it was found that kanamycin was markedly ototoxic effect. Furthermore, it was found that none of these drugs were gender specific. Lastly, the possible effects of ageing on highest audible bone conduction frequency is discussed.
Auditory function in a group of adults infected with HIV/AIDS in Gauteng, South Africa
Authors: Khoza Katijah , Ross Eleanor
Published: August 2019

Numerous international studies have demonstrated a relationship between HIV/AIDS and auditory function. The aim of this study was to explore this relationship in a group of adults infected with HIV/AIDS attending an outpatient clinic in a hospital located in Gauteng, South Africa. The prevalence of hearing loss; the type, degree and configuration of the hearing loss; the relationship between the hearing symptoms and the progressive stages of the disease, and the type of onset of hearing problems were examined. The results of the study indicated a prevalence rate of hearing loss which was as high as 23% in the sample surveyed. The types of hearing loss included conductive and sensorineural, while the degree of severity ranged from slight to profound in nature. The configuration of the hearing loss was not frequency-range-specific, and the degree of severity did not seem to worsen with the progression of the HIV/AIDS disease. However, there did seem to be an increase in the occurrence of sensorineural hearing loss with the deterioration of patients' immunological status. Analysis of patients' audiological results along with their case history data suggested that their hearing loss may have been caused by opportunistic infections and/or their treatments. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for the clinical management of patients with HIV/AIDS; education of team members; and policy formulation.
The performance of South African English first language child speakers on a "low linguistically loaded" central auditory processing test protocol
Authors: Campbell Nicole G. , Wilson Wayne J.
Published: August 2019

The lack of standardized tests for central auditory processing disorders (CAPD) in South Africa (SA) led to the formation of a SA CAPD Taskforce,and the interim development of a "Low Linguistically Loaded" CAPD test protocol using test recordings from the 'Tonal and Speech Materials for Auditory Perceptual Assessment Disc 2.0'. This study compared the performance of 50 SA English first language child speakers (aged 8 to 12 years of age) on this protocol, with the previously published American normative data of Bellis (1996, 2003). Results with respect to predicted pass criteria as calculated by mean-2SD cutoffs,suggested that the SA speakers performed of a lower level than the American speakers by an average of 5.3% per ear for the two pair dichotic digits test, 1.9 dB for the masking level difference test,8.8% per ear for the frequency pattern test - humming report, 14.5% per ear for the frequency patterns test - verbal report,and 39.7% per ear for the low pass filtered speech test. Consequently, the Bellis (1996, 2003) data was not considered appropriate for immediate use as normative data in SA. Instead, the preliminary data provided in this study was recommended as interim normative data for SA English first language child speakers until larger scale SA normative data can be obtained.
The school-based speech-language therapist: Choosing multicultural texts
Authors: Moodley Saloshni , Chetty Sandhay , Pahl Jenny
Published: August 2019

School-based speech-language therapists have a pivotal role in the transformation of education as directed by current education policy. The Revised National Curriculum Statement, for example, foregrounds a multicultural perspective in education, which impacts on the choice of Learning and Teaching Support Materials. Inappropriate support materials could create barriers to learning. Folktales were selected as an example of multicultural Learning and Teaching Support Materials. The responses of 10-year-old mainstream learn five folktales reflecting a diversity of cultures were explored. Five girls and five boys in Grade 5 participated in the study, which was conducted in three phases. A questionnaire, a focus group interview, and audio-visual recordings were used to gather data. The qualitative method of constant comparison was used to analyse emerging themes. Five main themes were identified. Findings revealed that some participants responded most positively when folktales reflected their culture, gender, or physical characteristics. Participants views on less familiar cultures were influenced by the mass media. The results highlighted the importance of the text as 'mirror' a 'window'. The potential of folktales as multicultural Learning and Teaching Support Materials, the powerful influence of the on learners' responses, and the need for an anti-bias approach within education are discussed. Implications for future research practice are highlighted.
Communication development of a young child with Foetal Renoid syndrome: A seven-year follow-up study
Authors: Kritzinger Alta , Steenkamp Lizanne
Published: August 2019

The aim of the article is to describe the communication development of a child with Fetal Retinoid syndrome (FRS) from six months to seven years of age. Little is known about this rare acquired syndrome and its long-term implications, especially on a child's communication development. A descriptive, ex post facto research design was used to study the participant's communication development from 1996 when the family enrolled in an early communication intervention programme. Annual serial assessments of the participant and her family were conducted and the data were stored in a research database after each assessment. The results are described according to a 4-level assessment framework and indicated consistent, but moderate to minor delays in the participant's communication development with a mild hearing loss in the right ear, associated with ear anomalies. Although prenatal exposure to isotretinoin may have serious effects on the unborn fetus and even cause death, the participant did not display all the symptoms of FRS described in the literature. The favorable family circumstances, early commencement of intervention, and supporting early educational environments were protecting factors that could have contributed positively to the participant's communication development. The importance of knowledge accumulation about rare syndromes such as FRS in Communication Pathology and Audiology is discussed and guidelines for early identification, assessment and treatment applicable to the case are proposed as an intervention option.
The willingness of South Africans to support more green reporting
Authors: De Villiers C.
Published: August 2019

The purpose of the article is to establish the willingness of South Africans to support more environmental corporate reporting. A questionnaire was used in the empirical study. The views of three groups were obtained, namely the preparers of financial statements (directors of companies were regarded as such), auditors of financial statements and their users. Seeing that accountability was chosen as the uppermost reason for disclosure in financial statements, the views of users were regarded as most important. However, the views of the other groups may well become more important should environmental legislation or regulation of reponing be considered in future. In analysing the results it was found that there were few cases of significant difference of opinion between the three groups. The preparers, auditors and users of financial statements were generally quite positive about more environmental corporate reporting. They were even in favour of making such disclosure compulsory.
Die evaluering van 'n opleidingsprogram ten opsigte van interpersoonlike doeltreffendheid
Authors: Jorgensen L. I. , Rothmann S.
Published: August 2019

The South African Police Service (SAPS) is increasingly moving towards community policing. This movement makes great demands on the interpersonal efficiency of police officers and their trainers. It seems, however, that trainers in the SAPS seldom have sufficient knowledge and/or skills to manage interpersonal contact effectively. A two-group design was used to evaluate a training programme regarding interpersonal efficiency for instructors within the SAPS Training College. It transpired that interpersonal skills improved significantly after completion of the training programme. As far as qualitative impressions are concerned, it was found that certain organisational factors might inhibit the development of interpersonal efficiency of trainers.
A Comunicação Profissional de Saúde-Usuário(a) na Doença Renal Crônica
Authors: Matsuoka Érica Tavares de Melo , Rodrigues Maria Lucicleide Falcão de Melo , Da Silva Josianne Maria Mattos , Galindo Wedna Cristina Marinho , Galvão Jéssica Oliveira
Published: August 2019

A doença renal crônica (DRC) possui caráter irreversível e progressivo, levando a pessoa acometida à terapia renal substitutiva. Nesse contexto, a comunicação entre o/a profissional de saúde e o(a) usuário(a) é essencial, pois poderá viabilizar melhor compreensão da doença e das terapêuticas e a maior apropriação do (auto)cuidado em saúde. O estudo, de natureza qualitativa, teve por objetivo analisar a percepção dos(as) usuários(as) e dos(as) profissionais de saúde do ambulatório de nefrologia de um hospital escola da cidade do Recife acerca da comunicação estabelecida entre eles quanto ao diagnóstico/prognóstico e tratamento da DRC. Responderam a entrevistas semiestruturadas 14 participantes (sete pacientes e sete profissionais). Foi utilizada análise de conteúdo para apreciação dos dados. Os resultados apontaram para dois tipos de comunicação: comunicação-explicação e comunicação-relação, as quais são influenciadas pelos seguintes fatores: sentimentos dos profissionais e dos pacientes, atitudes dos profissionais e dos pacientes, e fatores externos e internos à díade profissional-usuário(a). Conclui-se que existe predomínio de comunicação hierarquizada, ainda que se vislumbrem relações mais horizontais. Portanto, é necessário que profissionais de saúde aprimorarem habilidades para lidar com sentimentos e atitudes presentes na comunicação. Os resultados podem contribuir para a melhoria do processo comunicativo, auxiliando no aperfeiçoamento técnico do(a) profissional de saúde.
Sentimento de Comunidade e Pobreza Rural no Nordeste, Norte e Sul do Brasil
Authors: Ximenes Verônica Morais , Silva Alexsandra Maria Sousa , Esmeraldo Filho Carlos Eduardo , Câmara Andréa Esmeraldo , Clarindo Janailson Monteiro
Published: August 2019

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre o sentimento de comunidade e a pobreza rural em três municípios, sendo um do Nordeste, um do Norte e outro do Sul do Brasil. A pesquisa, de caráter quantitativo, contou com a participação de 1.113 sujeitos, que responderam a questionários compostos por um instrumento de Pobreza Multidimensional e pelo Índice de Sentimento de Comunidade. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas: Teste T, Anova, Teste de Correlação de Pearson e Estatísticas Descritivas. O sentimento de comunidade esteve presente de forma moderada/alta nos municípios P (Nordeste) e C (Sul) e de forma moderada/baixa no Município H (Norte). O fator Filiação do Sentimento de Comunidade, relacionado à vinculação das pessoas com a comunidade e ao sentimento de fazer parte do grupo, apresentou as maiores médias nos três municípios e na amostra geral, seguido pelo fator Ligações Emocionais Compartilhadas. Na análise das dimensões presentes na pobreza multidimensional, as três dimensões Trabalho/Renda, Subjetiva e Saúde foram as que apresentaram correlação significativa e negativa com o sentimento de comunidade. Na amostra geral, os seus resultados apontam para uma correlação negativa entre sentimento de comunidade e pobreza multidimensional. Diante dessa constatação, ao analisar o sentimento de comunidade, é importante incorporar esses dimensões da pobreza multidimensional, a fim de compreender melhor o impacto da pobreza na vida das pessoas.
Full-azimuthal imaging-DOAS observations of NO2 and O4 during CINDI-2
Authors: Peters Enno , Ostendorf Mareike , Bösch Tim , Seyler André , Schönhardt Anja , Schreier Stefan F. , Henzing Jeroen Sebastiaan , Wittrock Folkard , Richter Andreas , Vrekoussis Mihalis , Burrows John P.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. A novel imaging-DOAS (differential optical absorption spectroscopy) instrument IMPACT (Imaging MaPper for AtmospheriC observaTions) is presented combining full-azimuthal pointing (360∘) with a large vertical coverage (∼41∘). Complete panoramic scans are acquired at a temporal resolution of ∼15 min, enabling the retrieval of NO2 vertical profiles over the entire panorama around the measurement site. IMPACT showed excellent agreement (correlation >99 %) with coincident multiaxis DOAS (MAX-DOAS) measurements during the Second Cabauw Intercomparison of Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2) campaign. The temporal variability of NO2 slant columns within a typical MAX-DOAS vertical scanning sequence could be resolved and was as large as 20 % in a case study under good viewing conditions. The variation of corresponding profiles and surface concentrations was even larger (40 %). This variability is missed when retrieving trace gas profiles based on standard MAX-DOAS measurements. The azimuthal distribution of NO2 around the measurement site showed inhomogeneities (relative differences) up to 120 % (on average 35 %) on short timescales (individual panoramic scans). This is more than expected for the semirural location. We explain this behavior by the transport of pollution. Exploiting the instrument's advantages, the plume's trajectory during a prominent transport event could be reconstructed. Finally, the potential for retrieving information about the aerosol phase function from O4 slant columns along multiple almucantar scans of IMPACT is demonstrated, with promising results for future studies.
Quantification of nitrous acid (HONO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in ambient air by broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) between 361–388 nm
Authors: Jordan Nick , Osthoff Hans D.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. This work describes a state-of-the-art, incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) instrument for quantification of HONO and NO2 mixing ratios in ambient air. The instrument is operated in the near-ultraviolet spectral region between 361 and 388 nm. The mirror reflectivity and optical cavity transmission function were determined from the optical extinction observed when sampling air and helium. To verify the accuracy of this approach, Rayleigh scattering cross-sections of nitrogen and argon were measured and found in quantitative agreement with literature values. The mirror reflectivity exceeded 99.98 %, at its maximum near 373 nm, resulting in an absorption pathlength of 6 km from a 1 m long optical cavity. The instrument precision was assessed through Allan variance analyses and showed minimum deviations of ±58 pptv and ±210 pptv (1σ) for HONO and NO2, respectively, at an optimum acquisition time of 5 min. Measurements of HONO and NO2 mixing ratios in laboratory-generated mixtures by IBBCEAS were compared to thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectroscopy (TD-CRDS) data and agreed within combined experimental uncertainties. Sample ambient air data collected in Calgary are presented.
Benchmarking a Catchment-Aware Long Short-Term Memory
Network (LSTM) for Large-Scale Hydrological Modeling
Authors: Kratzert Frederik , Klotz Daniel , Shalev Guy , Klambauer Günter , Hochreiter Sepp , Nearing Grey
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Regional rainfall-runoff modeling is an old but still mostly out-standing problem in Hydrological Sciences. The problem currently is that traditional hydrological models degrade significantly in performance when calibrated for multiple basins together instead of for a single basin alone. In this paper, we propose a novel, data-driven approach using Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs), and demonstrate that under a big data paradigm, this is not necessarily the case. By training a single LSTM model on 531 basins from the CAMELS data set using meteorological time series data and static catchment attributes, we were able to significantly improve performance compared to a set of several different hydrological benchmark models. Our proposed approach not only significantly outperforms hydrological models that were calibrated regionally but also achieves better performance than hydrological models that were calibrated for each basin individually. Furthermore, we propose an adaption to the standard LSTM architecture, which we call an Entity-Aware-LSTM (EA-LSTM), that allows for learning, and embedding as a feature layer in a deep learning model, catchment similarities. We show that this learned catchment similarity corresponds well with what we would expect from prior hydrological understanding.
Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on copper electrode for non-traditional electric discharge machining (EDM)
Authors: Grewal Gurdev Singh , Dhiman Dhiraj Parkash
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In the last few decades, non-traditional machining made the machining
process easier than the traditional machining method. Electric discharge
machining (EDM) is one of the most prominent methods of non-traditional
machining processes. By the use of EDM, a complex profile and high hardness
materials can be easily machined, which cannot easily be machined by the
traditional machining method. EDM is widely used by the industries. This
paper investigates an experiment with the cryogenically treated copper
electrode and an ordinary copper electrode with various input parameters
like the electrode rotation, gap voltage and discharge current for an EN24 (a high-strength and wear-resistant steel)
material. An experiment was performed with electric discharge machining.
Designs of an experiment are carried out using the Taguchi approach. An
orthogonal L16 array prepared and used the different combination of the
three input parameters (current, electrode rotation and gap voltage) to find
an optimum value of the factors. The output factors are the overcut (OC),
the tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (Ra). The optimal level and importance
levels of each of these parameters are obtained statically using an analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) table through the analysis of the S∕N ratio. The study also compares the
theoretical and experimental values of the overcut, tool wear rate and surface
roughness for traditional and non-traditional EDM. The following research
finds optimal or dominating factors (current and rotational speed) for
the TWR and Ra in both traditional and non-traditional electric discharge
machining; moreover there was a reduction of approximately 9 % in overcut, 13.25 % in
the tool wear rate and 15.75 % in surface roughness for the deep cryogenic and non-traditional machining process.
The Influence of University Teachers' Scientific Research Pressure on Scientific Research Performance, Job Satisfaction, Mediation and Adjustment of Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Guorong Wei
Published: August 2019

How the research pressure of university teachers affects scientific research performance is an important issue in the current development of university teachers and scientific research management. On the basis of literature research, the relationship between job satisfaction and emotional intelligence as intermediaries and adjustment variables was introduced into the relationship between scientific research pressure and scientific research performance, and empirical research was conducted in the form of questionnaires. The following conclusions were drawn: Higher research pressure; scientific research pressure will have a certain negative impact on scientific research performance; scientific research pressure affects scientific research performance through job satisfaction intermediary; emotional intelligence can effectively positively regulate the impact of scientific research pressure on scientific research performance. On this basis, it puts forward some countermeasures to reduce stress sources, optimize scientific research and assessment system, improve salary and treatment, and cultivate emotional intelligence.
Floating quantifiers are autonomous phrases: A movement analysis
Authors: Al Khalaf Eman
Published: August 2019

Quantifier float (Q-float) is a phenomenon in which a quantifier is separated from the nominal it associates with (The cookies will all have been eaten up by then!). The phenomenon has received two major analyses: stranding and adjunction. The stranding analysis argues that the associate moves leftward out of a complex constituent that contains both it and the floating quantifier. The adjunction analysis considers floating quantifiers to be adverbial adjuncts. This paper investigates Q-float in Arabic and shows that neither of the existing accounts perfectly captures the facts. Adopting Ott’s (2012; 2015) analysis of split topics and Q-float in German, the paper proposes that in Arabic, a floating quantifier and its associate are merged together in a particular syntactic position as a set of autonomous phrases; the associate moves out of the set to allow the set to be labeled and integrated in the structure. It will be shown that this labeling analysis captures many of the peculiarities of Q-float, among which are two apparently conflicting facts: the locality restrictions on floating quantifiers and, in many cases, the impossibility for the floating quantifier and the associate to have formed a continuous constituent at any stage of the derivation. The facts and analysis presented contribute to the debate on whether floating quantifiers mark the positions of lower copies of displaced nominals (np traces in pre-minimalist terms), providing an argument that, at least for Arabic, the answer is ‘yes’. It also provides additional support for the labeling framework that emerged from Chomsky (2013) and related work.
Conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde sobre as disfunções temporomandibulares no município de Sobral, Ceará
Authors: Oliveira Millane Teles Portela de , Freitas Neto Luiz Genésio , Da Silva Raul Anderson Domingues Alves , Teixeira Ana Karine Macedo , Farias Mariana Ramalho de , Chaves Hellíada Vasconcelos
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: verificar o conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) sobre as disfunções temporomandibulares (DTMs) no município de Sobral, Ceará. Materiais e Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa observacional transversal, quantitativa, realizada entre janeiro e março de 2014. Foram avaliados 158 ACS que responderam um questionário composto por 10 questões sociodemográficas e 16 perguntas relacionadas ao conhecimento sobre DTMs.  A análise estatística foi realizada no Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 17.0, por meio dos testes Qui-Quadrado e Exato de Fisher, com significância de 5%. Resultados: observou-se que 73,4% dos ACS desconhecem as DTMs e 83,5% nunca receberam ensinamento sobre o tema. Dos ACS que tinham recebido ensinamento, 100% identificaram alguma possível causa de DTMs; dos que tinham ensino médio completo, 33,6% identificaram pelo menos um sintoma de DTMs. Conclusão: os ACS com maior grau de instrução e que receberam capacitação prévia são os que mais conhecem e, consequentemente, melhor identificam causas e consequências das DTMs, orientando o paciente adequadamente. Evidencia-se, portanto, o desconhecimento desses agentes sobre as DTMs, justificando-se a necessidade de realizar capacitações com esses indivíduos, para que tenham um maior conhecimento sobre o assunto e possam orientar corretamente a população.
Zastosowanie miernika przewag konkurencyjnych J. Kaya do określania pozycji konkurencyjnej grup i organizacji producentów owoców i warzyw = Application of J. Kay’s competitive advantage index to determine the competitive position of fruit and vegetable producer groups and organizations
Authors: Matuszczak Anna , Bieniek-Majka Maryla
Published: August 2019

In order to identify the competitive position of the Kujawsko-pomorskie fruit and vegetable producer groups and organizations in relation to each other and deliberately selected representatives from voivodeships leading in the process of integrating this sector, an analytical scheme proposed by J. Kay was used, allowing for quantification of the competitive advantage in terms of results. The article presents the outcome of the research, which covered all groups and producer organizations as of the end of 2014 from the Kujawsko-pomorskie Voivodeship and one integrated representative with apples in his offer, from the Mazowieckie, Wielkopolskie and Lubelskie Voivodeships. In order to obtain the financial data published in the National Court Register, Info Veriti calculated a competitive advantage meter according to J. Kay. Additionally, by means of logistic regression, the equation for the probability of obtaining a positive competitive advantage index was established. The results of the research indicate that only 38% of the surveyed organizations achieved a positive value of the measure, which proves that group activities do not guarantee achieving a competitive advantage. Logistic regression evidenced that increasing the accomplishing a positive competitive advantage index results in obtaining certificates confirming the quality and safety of products introduced to the market as well as investments increasing fixed assets. On the other hand, a decrease in the chance may result in the growing number of members.
Aktywność podmiotów lokalnych w procesie odnowy wsi w województwie małopolskim = Activity of local actors in the process of village renewal in the Małopolskie Voivodeship
Authors: Mucha Agnieszka , Świgost Agnieszka , Sykała Łukasz
Published: August 2019

Village renewal is one of the basic tools for supporting the socio-economic development of rural areas in Poland. This article is an attempt to compare, on the example of the Małopolskie Voivodeship, two different sources of funding projects directly supporting the renewal process – programmes co-financed by the European funds and the Działaj Lokalnie (Act Locally) Programme. In both cases, particular attention was paid to the role and activity of various local entities in the process of village renewal. The analysis of completed projects and their beneficiaries indicates complementarity of the two rural development support instruments. Village renewal projects financed from the European Union budget, implemented mainly by public sector entities, primarily include infrastructure investments. On the other hand, within the Act Locally Programme there are supported soft activities, targeted, among others at building and strengthening local identity, undertaken by entities representing the social sector. Combining both sources of financing and the efforts of various local actors may be a response to searching for comprehensive solutions leading to multidimensional village renewal.
Integrated mRNA and miRNA profiling in NIH/3T3 cells in response to bovine papillomavirus E6 gene expression
Authors: Pang Feng , Zhang Mengmeng , Li Guohua , Zhang Zhenxing , Huang Haifeng , Li Baobao , Wang Chengqiang , Yang Xiaohong , Zheng Yiying , An Qi , Zhang Luyin , Du Li , Wang Fengyang
Published: August 2019

Delta bovine papillomaviruses (δBPVs) mainly infect cattle and cause fibropapillomas. δBPVs encode three oncogenes, E5, E6 and E7. The effect of E6 on microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression profiles is not well characterized. In this study, RNA sequencing and small RNA sequencing were used to explore alterations in mRNAs and miRNAs in E6 over-expressing NIH/3T3 cells (NH-E6) compared with control cells (NH-GFP). We found that 350 genes (181 upregulated and 169 downregulated) and 54 miRNAs (26 upregulated and 28 downregulated) were differentially expressed (DE) following E6 expression. The top 20 significantly enriched GO terms in “biological process” included inflammatory response, innate immune response, immune response, immune system process, positive regulation of apoptotic process, cell adhesion, and angiogenesis. We constructed a potential miRNA-gene regulatory network from the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DE miRNAs. Finally, we selected 19 immune-response related DEGs and 11 DE miRNAs for qPCR validation. Of these, upregulation of 12 genes, Ccl2, Ccl7, Cxcl1, Cxcl5, Tlr2, Nfkbia, Fas, Il1rl1, Ltbp1, Rab32, and Zc3h12a, Dclk1 and downregulation of four genes, Agtr2, Ptx3, Sfrp1, and Thbs1 were confirmed. Ccl2, Ccl7, Cxcl1 and Cxcl5 were upregulated more than ten-fold in NH-E6 compared with NH-GFP. Also, upregulation of three miRNAs, mmu-miR-129-2-3p, mmu-miR-149-5p-R-2 and mmu-miR-222-3p, and downregulation of five miRNAs, mmu-miR-582-3p-R+1, mmu-miR-582-5p, mmu-miR-708-3p, mmu-miR-708-5p and mmu-miR-1197-3p, were confirmed. Our study describes changes in both mRNA and miRNA profiles in response to BPV E6 expression, providing new insights into BPV E6 oncogene functions.