bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Poridades, cosas encobiertas e ascondidas’. Lo oculto y lo secreto en ‘Siete Partidas’ de Alfonso el Sabio
Authors: Morín Alejandro
Published: December 2020

Secreto del pleito, secretos del rey, secretos de Dios: un rastreo lexical de los términos asociados a la idea de secreto en Siete Partidas (poridad, ascondido, etc.) permite captar el peso que esta noción cobra en la legislación del Rey Sabio. Las múltiples relaciones en tensión con lo oculto y con los actos de habla, las modalidades de construcción administrativa de la inaccesibilidad al rey, la determinación progresiva de las normas procesales, son algunos de los aspectos involucrados en el particular tipo de operación que implica la constitución de secretos en la Baja Edad Media.
Los principios generales del Derecho en el ideario jurídico cubano durante el periodo 1959-1992
Authors: González Monzón Alejandro
Published: December 2020

En el presente artículo se desarrollan los aspectos esenciales que caracterizaron a la reflexión sobre los principios generales del Derechos en el ideario jurídico cubano entre los años 1959-1992. En este sentido, se puntualizan los impactos de la recepción de la teoría socialista soviética del Derecho en la doctrina cubana de la época. Se caracterizan las concepciones relativas a la teoría de las fuentes del Derecho y a la teoría de la norma jurídica, esto como presupuesto para el análisis de la visión politizada e ideologizada que sobre los principios se defendió en el periodo de tiempo seleccionado.
María Luz Morales, Directora de La Vanguardia (1936-1937)
Authors: Lázaro Esther , Salgado Francesc
Published: December 2020

: María Luz Morales dirigió el periódico La Vanguardia entre agosto de 1936 y febrero de 1937, en plena guerra civil. Se trata, como es sabido, de la primera mujer en dirigir un diario nacional en España. Este artículo expone las condiciones en las que la periodista aceptó un trabajo completamente inesperado, que le llegó a causa del exilio en París de Agustí Calvet, Gaziel, a finales de julio de 1936. Aunque Morales asume el cargo de forma provisional, la gestión que emprende en el diario más importante de Barcelona sorprende por la claridad de su forma de entender el periodismo.
Comunicación entre víctimas y victimarios de la guerra en Colombia: aproximación a agencias de cambio personal y social
Authors: Tamayo Arango Alba Shirley
Published: December 2020

Los procesos de comunicación entre víctimas y victimarios, en el marco del conflicto armado colombiano, fueron instaurados por el Estado en el marco de la justicia transicional como requisitos para la demovilización, en una sociedad que busca salir de la guerra. No obstante, se trata de una comunicación acotada y a veces coaccionada, en detrimento de la libertad de las víctimas para exigir la verdad sobre los hechos atroces. Este trabajo se aproxima a las experiencias comunicativas de víctimas y victimarios, a través de entrevistas y conversaciones con integrantes de organizaciones civiles, que nos permiten evidenciar las diferencias entre la comunicación institucionalizada y aquella que es agenciada por los sujetos sin intervención del Estado
La deshumanización del soldado en el género bélico. La crisis del combatiente en las películas sobre la Guerra de Irak
Authors: Méndiz Alfonso , Oliva Aurora
Published: December 2020

Frente a otros ciclos bélicos del pasado más proclives al heroísmo (I y II Guerra Mundial), el ciclo de la Guerra de Irak muestra una doble deshumanización: la ejercida en el adversario (torturas, malos tratos) y la que experimenta el propio soldado (angustia, ausencia de objetivos vitales) en un contexto bélico peculiar: enemigo invisible, ataques terroristas, etc. La deshumanización del soldado aflora también tras su regreso al hogar. Un análisis de contenido sobre los principales filmes de la guerra de Irak nos permite estudiar ese fenómeno en sus causas y efectos.
Jacques Poulin’s Volkswagen Blues
Authors: Sanz-Lázaro Fernando
Published: December 2020

This article analyses the intertextuality of the novel Volkswagen Blues by Jacques Poulin, a French-Canadian take on the road novel. The aim of the paper is to examine not only the relationships between Volkswagen Blues and its culturally diverse sources, but also to show how those multicultural intertexts permeate the road novel genre. In order to achieve this purpose, the study identifies in the novel instances of intertextuality which are analyzed within Genette’s framework for transtextuality. Considering the intertextual presence in Volkswagen Blues, the analysis ponders whether it is limited to this novel or is a manifestation of Americanness and, thus, a piece of evidence of multiculturality in the hegemonic American discourse. The study shows how Poulin depicts the crucial role of non-Anglo-American identities in contemporary American culture and explains the influence of world literatures in Poulin’s work
Homme invisible à la fenêtre o la expresión pictórica del trauma
Authors: Rodríguez Varela Rita
Published: December 2020

La vivencia de una experiencia traumática hace que se tambaleen todos los pilares del ser, ya que el sujeto traumatizado vive con una herida que ha fragmentado su cronología en un antes y un después. Ante esta situación, la psicología ha demostrado que, a través del arte, es posible superar esa rotura al darle un sentido a una experiencia incomprensible canalizando el dolor. Este es el caso de Max, pintor paraplégico protagonista de la novela Homme invisible à la fenêtre (2001) de Monique Proulx, para quien la pintura actúa como una catarsis curativa que le permite volver a renacer con cada golpe de pincel.

 Este artículo analizará tres ejes básicos de la novela: de qué manera el trauma repercute en la vida del protagonista y cuáles son sus mecanismos de defensa; la mirada del pintor, capaz de exteriorizar la esencia de cada ser, frente a las limitaciones de los espejos, metáfora de la sociedad y, finalmente, la posibilidad de canalizar el trauma a través del arte.
The effect on entrepreneurship student program on student’s entrepreneurial behavior in Indonesia
Authors: Iskandar Deden Dinar , Said Imam Noor
Published: December 2020

This study adopts the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework to examine the effect of the government-initiated Entrepreneurship Student Program (ESP) on the entrepreneurial intentions and behavior of students. In addition, the research also examines the market information adequacy and standard psychological components of TPB, namely attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control as predictor variables. Data are collected from 208 university students in Semarang, Indonesia, with the Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique employed for analysis. The result shows that ESP and the adequacy of market information directly influence the entrepreneurial behavior of Indonesian students, while the influence of attitudes and perceived behavior control is mediated by entrepreneurial intention. In conclusion, this study implies that ESP can be considered effective in preparing and facilitating entrepreneurship among university students, therefore the government needs to consider increasing its availability to cover a larger number of universities in Indonesia.
The effect of entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial orientation on social entrepreneurial performance
Authors: Darmanto Susetyo , Bukirom Bukirom
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of entrepreneurial experience and social entrepreneurship orientation on social entrepreneurship performance. This survey research was conducted on waste bank entrepreneurship activists in the city of Semarang. Thirty-five respondents were taken using the accident sampling method. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) is used as an analysis technique. The results showed that entrepreneurial experience and social entrepreneurship orientation had a positive and significant effect on the performance of social entrepreneurship. The contribution of the concept of human capital and the concept of entrepreneurial orientation is needed in building social entrepreneurship. The Semarang government is requested to give more attention to developing waste banks due to their contribution to social, economic, and environmental.
Investigating moderating role of emotional intelligence among counterproductive work behavior, work interference and negative emotions in development sector of Pakistan
Authors: Sarmad Muhammad , Qayyum Abdul , Shafi Muhammad Qaiser , Hussain Sajjad , Rehman Sana ur
Published: December 2020

This study reveals the worth of Emotional Intelligence (EI) to act as a moderator in undertaking the worst effects of Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB) influenced by negative emotions and work interference. Contract based employees of the non-profit organizations in development sector of Pakistan were targeted. The responses were obtained in time lags of two weeks to overcome the issues of cross-sectional data and self-serving bias. The 258 fully responded questionnaires by the targeted employees were analyzed in SPSS. The results emphasized that negative emotions and work interference predicts CWB and EI act as a moderator in this relationship. Employees having low EI engaged more in CWB confirming the predictive relationship. It is recommended that the management needs to underline the significance of EI at all levels of the organization for desirable behaviors at workplace. Implications were deliberated to overcome CWB through high and low levels of EI.
Challenges for Collective Health in Caring for Socially Vulnerable Individuals, Families, and Communities amidst the Pandemic
Authors: Gaviria-Noreña Dora Lucia
Published: December 2020

In times of a pandemic, this reflection conceives two enormous challenges for nursing in collective health. Politically, the challenge is to vindicate and recognize care as a creative and transformative action taken by individuals, families, and communities in territories to sustain life and mitigate human suffering through health promotion, disease prevention, and care. Ethically, the task is to clearly understand safe, supportive, and sustainable actions to strengthen equity and ethos of caring as a project-oriented to welfare, compassion, and the defense of the right to health.
Bringing Back Truth: Consilience and Ecological Vision in The Log from the Sea of Cortez
Authors: Hicks Kathleen
Published: December 2020

This article explores the striking parallels between John Steinbeck's view of ecology and holism described in The Log from the Sea of Cortez (1951) and contemporary biologist Edward O. Wilson's work Consilience (1999). A comparison of the biological, philosophical, and theoretical methodology in the two texts demonstrates remarkable similarities. Besides overviewing Steinbeck's early perceptive views of the biological basis of human life and culture, and the importance of interdisciplinary discovery and creation, most importantly, the article shows that in light of Wilson's theory of consilience, TheLog provides a workable theoretical and practical framework for tackling today's looming environmental crisis.
Non-Financial Disclosure Assurance: Critical Insights from the Italian Financial Services Sector
Authors: Pagani Alessandra , Moggi Sara , Gaetano Alessandro
Published: December 2020

Directive 2014/95/EU was released with the aim of improving the transparency, comparability and harmonization of non-financial reporting among European undertakings. However, the Directive is vague regarding both non-financial disclosure contents and the transposition of its provisions into national European laws, making it somewhat ambiguous. This issue has been underlined by scholars, who have found the comparison of non-financial disclosures challenging and have not seen a considerable improvement in the level of transparency. This is also mirrored in the assurance process, which remains underexplored. The present exploratory study analyses non-financial disclosure assurance in the Italian financial services sector. Content analysis of the level and features of assurance of non-financial disclosures published in 2020 was conducted. The results show that the ambiguity of the Directive also has consequences for assurance outcomes, which remain limited and strictly adhere to provisions provided by national practitioner associations.
Estimativa do torque muscular de extensores do joelho de idosos baseado em testes de desempenho físico funcional
Authors: Da Silva Keuly Garcia , Orssatto Lucas Bet da Rosa , Barros Iris Natália Mendonça , Nascimento Kayth Sousa , Streit Inês Amanda , Bezerra Ewertton De Souza
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Verificar quais métodos de avaliação clínicos de força e potência muscular, e testes de desempenho físico funcionais estão correlacionados com o pico de torque isométrico e dinâmico dos extensores de joelho, e desenvolver equações preditivas que estimem o pico de torque isométrico e dinâmico em pessoas idosas. Métodos: Foram selecionados 49 sujeitos (≥ 60 anos) de ambos os sexos. O pico de torque muscular isométrico (PTISO) e dinâmico concêntrico (PTCON) dos extensores da articulação do joelho do membro preferido foi avaliado através de dinamômetro isocinético no primeiro dia de avaliação. Quarenta e oito horas depois o teste força máxima (1-RM) unilateral do membro preferido foi executado na cadeira extensora, seguindo do teste de potência do membro superior com uma medicine ball de 2 kg (ABM-2). No terceiro dia foram avaliados o teste de equilíbrio dinâmico (time up and go), a capacidade de subir e descer escadas (separadamente), com estes três testes foi construído um índice funcional (IFUNC). Resultados: Os principais resultados demonstraram que o IFUNC não prediz melhoria no pico de torque extensor do joelho (p0,05). Contrapondo a hipótese inicial que alterações no desempenho do pico de torque, tanto isométrico, como dinâmico, teria uma resposta direta com o desempenho funcional. Conclusão: As medidas de força máxima para membro inferior (cadeira extensora-1-RM) e potência de membro superior (arremesso da bola de medicine ball 2-kg) quando associadas explicam com mais de 60% (p0,05) uma mudança no desempenho na força isométrica e dinâmica dos extensores de joelho de idosos não treinados.
The impact of weather on bicycle risk exposure
Authors: Pazdan Sylwia
Published: December 2020

Traffic volume is the main independent variable of risk exposure in road safety models. Cyclists as a vulnerable road users are more exposed to weather conditions than e.g. car drivers. As a result, their decision of whether to cycle is strongly related to weather conditions. It suggests that any change in the weather may have a significant effect on bicycle use. Objective of the paper was to indicate which weather parameters have a significant impact on bicycle use, how a change in weather parameters affects the change in bicycle volume (risk exposure) and, consequently, predicted number of crashes with cyclists and which factors differentiate the impact of weather conditions on bicycle volume. The impact of weather on bicycle volume variability was estimated based on literature review. The Web of Science, Scopus and TRID databases were searched. Finally, 33 papers from 1977 up to 2020, different in terms of the methodology used, country of origin, and analyzed group of cyclists, were reviewed. The impact of change in weather conditions on the predicted number of crashes with cyclists was estimated using own road safety models and previous research results. Results indicate that air temperature, precipitation, sunshine, cloud cover, humidity, and wind strength, have a significant influence on bicycle use. The impact of the weather on bicycle volume differs between different cyclists’ groups (different levels of experience, age, gender), trip motivations (recreational, commuting, etc.) and locations (countries, cities, climate zones). The paper shows complexity of impact of weather conditions on cycling and sensitivity of relationship between weather conditions and bicycle volume (i.e. risk exposure) and, as a consequence, bicycle safety. Results indicate that weather conditions should always be taken into consideration when analyzing cycling, especially in road safety analysis. The discussion of presented research results, research methods used with their limitations, and recommendations for future research were described.
Remembrance of the Deceased in Annual Rituals in Poland
Authors: Kupisiński Zdzisław
Published: December 2020

The article presents beliefs and rituals related to All Souls’ Day typical for folk Catholicism in Poland. It is based on the results of the ethnographic fieldwork conducted by the author in Radom and Opoczno regions (central Poland), in the years 1980-1983, 1990-1993 and 1998-2005 (a total of 414 days, 650 interviews with 998 informants), as well as on the literature concerning this and other regions of Poland. The popular remembrance of the dead and care for their graves is noticeable throughout the year. Cemeteries in Poland are often visited by people whose relatives passed over to “the other world,” who place flowers and candles on the graves, tidy them up, and pray. Commemoration of the dead takes on a special dimension such days as Christmas, Easter, All Saints’ and All Souls’ Day. Many old All Souls’ rituals disappeared already in the Middle Ages as a result of Christianization and eradication of pre-Christian beliefs. Still, until the 1970s one could observe or reconstruct (relying on the memory of informants) many pre-Christian beliefs and customs that used to be regulated by the ancient ritual calendar based on the solar cycle and the worship of ancestors. The presence of those ancient elements in folk beliefs and rituals indicates a strong faith of the people in life after death, exhibited also by the inhabitants of the area under study both in past centuries and today, although today those customs are given a Christian theological interpretation.
God’s Dice: Bayesian Probability and Providence
Authors: Clough William R. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

The Reverend Thomas Bayes has recently become best known for his mathematical Theorem, but Bayes’ vocation, and primary identity, was that of minister. Bayes’ writings include a tract on divine benevolence and an essay on the philosophy of calculus as well as what has come to be known as Bayes’ Theorem. Two and a half centuries ago, Bayes affirmed both the Providence of God and the probabilistic nature of reality. This essay explores some implications of Bayes’ Theorem in light of his theology. The central thesis is that it is fruitful to make the connection between Bayes’ mathematical theory of probability, its implications when extended in time, and his view of God as the continuous in-breaking of the good tending to the benefit of all creation. In so doing, Bayes suggests ways to shed light on current theological and philosophical discussions, including theodicy, religion and science, and chance and Providence.
The Quantum World
Authors: Melnick A. James ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

Scientific measurements of fine-tuning factors, especially the cosmological constant, have forced non-theists to fall back on anthropic reasoning and multiverse theories to try to explain away the implications of a theistically-designed universe. Whatever its other uses, employing anthropic reasoning in this way is questionable. It is unscientific to posit trillions upon trillions of universes--as many multiverse proponents and string theorists do--in order to try to explain away the fine-tuned existence of our own. Albert Einstein would likely dismiss many current multiverse theories. Yet, might we still live in a multiversal reality? This essay posits such a reality--a Triverse--as a more parsimonious view over popular multiverse theories. The proposed Triverse has some similarity to, but is distinct from, Roger Penrose’s “three worlds” in his Shadows of the Mind. A multiversal Triverse reality might also eventually be reconciled with some of the evidence and indicators that support quantum mechanics, and thus help define a more deterministic universe.
The Quantum Homeostasis Hypothesis and Divine Providence
Authors: Sekatskii Sergey ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

The idea that a human being may select at will outcomes of certain quantum events, and that this is free will, has been put forward long ago. But how can such a possibility to control quantum randomness be recombined with the necessity to obey the known statistical distributions of the laws of nature? Antoine Suarez proposes a Quantum Homeostasis Hypothesis (QHH), where this may happen during sleep or dreams. Divine providence may also be placed exactly here without violating the free will of a human being, and in accordance with the necessity to follow the statistical laws of nature. God may instruct one during sleep and dreams. Apart from the Bible, this is attested to by sources in many ancient civilizations. This essay addresses this aspect of QHH in an attempt to answer the question whether data may show that our “acts of will” during dreams differ from such during a fully conscious state of mind.
Toyohiko Kagawa and Reinhold Niebuhr
Authors: Byrd Brian G. , Loucky John Paul ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

Toyohiko Kagawa, a Japanese evangelist and social activist, preached and practiced cooperatives as integral to the nature and mission of the Christian church. Using pulpit, podium, and pen, Kagawa blended a call for heart conversion with a call to establish Christian cooperatives. When Kagawa stumped America promoting this vision in 1936, theologian Reinhold Niebuhr expressed reservations. Unlike Kagawa, Niebuhr saw cooperatives as no panacea, though lending his support to an experimental cooperative in the U.S. that was doomed to fail. Kagawa faced opposition from within the church, but shared the podium with Billy Graham during the young evangelist’s Tokyo crusade in 1956. This essay draws from Kagawa’s vision and Niebuhr’s critique insights for the church today: the need for visions without illusions, the difficulty of linking church and cooperatives, and the value of reforming the church’s approach to mission through reflection and a deeper analysis of the human condition.
Pontynen on Knowledge and Truth
Authors: Hollis Daniel W. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

This essay is in response to Arthur Pontynen’s dissection of the ills of Western culture and campaign to revitalize the liberal and fine arts. It endeavors to critically examine Pontynen’s causal basis for the crisis and to elevate and elucidate his sub-level spiritual dimension of the issues, raising it to a central emphasis. For many a serious scholar, criticism of a norm comes sometimes too easily, while constructive criticism with a solution-oriented approach is more daunting. Most readers are likely to agree with Pontynen that our social and intellectual structures in the West, from the perspective of the twenty-first century looking back across history, seem to have failed culture and civilization in the pursuit of truth and wisdom. It is incumbent upon all, especially Christian scholars, to seek redress of the prevailing imbalance favoring a cynical and nihilistic conclusion that nothing has meaning and that humanity is doomed to random chaos.
Spuma lunaris. Bringing the Moon Down to Earth, Extraction of ‘Moon Foam’ and Its Use in Ancient Magic
Authors: Janiszewski Pawel
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the ancient ritual of bringing the moon down to the earth. The author has compiled all sources in which you can read about it and discuss in detail how to obtain the so-called ‘Moon foam’ (spuma lunaris), focusing on its use in ancient magic. In addition, the article suggests that in the stories of the seduction of Selene by the god Pan and the hero Endymion may be elements of some aitiological myth explaining the genesis and phenomenon of bringing the moon to the ground. The annex to this article shows a similar ritual in Maroccan magic of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Exploring trends in the development of competencies of project managers in the process of digitalization of society and the industrial revolution 4.0.
Authors: Ostojić Bojana , Dobarčić Eldin
Published: December 2020

Innovation is gaining ground in modern business, to the extent that it is becoming increasingly indispensable when it comes to digital technologies. There is an ever-increasing number of digital technology users, which goes hand in hand with its increasing availability, so the fact is that they are evolving. In this context, the importance of management within the companies engaged in these types of activities is increasing. The biggest impact and change, that is, the evolution of the IT sector, can be seen when it comes to the Internet, as an indispensable means of communication in the modern world. In the last few years, there has been a rapid increase in internet users, who use the internet not via electronic computers, nor personal computers, but via tablets and mobile phones, androids, smartphones, etc. Modern applications and multifunctionality of different types of mobile phones, android phones, smartphones, etc., are influencing this trend. Customers are offered an ever-expanding range of digital devices to use. The trend is predicted to accelerate further. Such tendencies on the one hand have both positive and negative impacts. The competencies of project managers are certainly broader given the current tendencies.
Tax burden in EU countries
Authors: Kalaš Branimir
Published: December 2020

The degree of tax burden in the economy is a significant issue for every country. The state and fiscal authorities should provide a stimulating but sustainable tax environment that will cause positive implications for economic growth and development. The aim of this paper is to determine the degree of tax burden from the aspect of direct taxes and indirect taxes, as well as the correlation level with the annual rate of gross domestic product. The subject of this paper is the analysis of the tax burden in EU countries for the period 2006-2018. The results of the analysis indicate that average share of total taxes is 38.18% of gross domestic product, where the average share of direct taxes is 12.77% and the average share of indirect taxes is 13.42% of gross domestic product. Also, the results of correlation matrix show a statistically significant and negative correlation between tax burden and economic growth measured by the annual growth rate of gross domestic product.
Modern technologies and visual-logical approach in mathematics teaching
Authors: Mihajlov-Carević Miroslava , Petrović Milena , Denić Nebojša
Published: December 2020

In recent years, there has been an increased use of information and communication technologies and mathematical software in mathematics teaching. Numerous studies of the effectiveness of mathematical learning have shown the justification and usefulness of the implementation of new teaching AIDS. They also showed that learning with educational software has a great impact on students' achievement in the overall acquisition of mathematical knowledge during the school year as well as in the final exam at the end of primary education. Teaching realized by using computers and software packages is interesting for students, increases their interest and active participation. It is indisputable that the use of computers and mathematical software has great benefits that have been proven and presented in their works by many researchers of effective learning. It is also indisputable that one of the main tasks of teaching mathematics is to develop constructive thinking of students. The results of the research we conducted with primary and secondary school students showed the lack of visual-logical approach of students during the learning of mathematics as well as in solving mathematical problems. Visualization and representation of mathematical laws are of great importance in the realization of mathematics teaching. They should be applied everywhere and whenever possible.
Comparison of measurement using optical measuring systems and coordinate measuring machine
Authors: Simonović Milan , Lazarević Dragan , Simonović Marko , Nedić Bogdan
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of measuring the gearbox housing with the ATOS optical measuring system, the TRITOP system and the "TESA micro-hit 4-5-4" coordinate measuring machine. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in modern measuring systems and whether these differences affect the final measurement result when controlling parts of a complex configuration. At the beginning of the paper, the way of functioning of the used measuring systems and the results of research in this area are described. GOM Inspect software used for the ATOS and TRITOP measuring systems, while PC DMIS software used for the coordinate measuring machine. The analysis of the obtained results showed that there are significant differences in the measurement results and that the measuring systems used can't be applied with the same success to the measurement of parts of complex configuration such as the gearbox housing.
Stability and optimization of the crane runaway support column
Authors: Pavlović Goran , Savković Mile , Zdravković Nebojša , Marković Goran
Published: December 2020

This research has presented the built-up column analysis with batten, applied to crane runaway support, where stability is put in the foreground. Also, optimization of all essential geometrical parameters of the built-up column was performed for a given height of the crane column and changing the load capacity. The chord members were composed of as-welded I-sections instead of fabricated hot rolled sections witch are commonly used in these constructions. The mass of the built-up columns, which consists of the chord and Web members (battens) members, was taken as the goal function in this research. Additional stability and load capacity conditions were used as constraint functions, as well as specific design recommendations. The optimization procedure was performed in the Ms. EXCEL software package, using the GRG2 algorithm because certain benefits are essential in this optimization problem. In this way, the justification of applying the proposed model of calculation and optimization was shown because the necessary geometrical parameters can be reached very quickly when designing these types of structures, considering that there are a large number of variables and constraint functions. It is also shown how the mass of the column changes and the optimal geometric parameters when the compression force on the column of the runaway crane support increases.
Microstructural processes occurring during creep of friction stir welded AA2024-T3 alloy
Authors: Regev Michael , Spigarelli Stefano
Published: December 2020

The poor weldability of AA2024 aluminum alloy limits its use for industrial applications. Being a non-fusion welding process, Friction Stir Welding (FSW) seems to be a promising solution for welding this alloy. FSW was applied in the current study in order to butt weld AA2024-T3 aluminum alloy plates and to study the creep behavior of the weld. Creep tests were conducted at 250 0C and 315 0C both on the parent material and on the friction stir welded specimens. A comprehensive Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) study together with High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRSEM) study and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis were conducted in order to investigate the microstructural processes. The parent material seems to contain two kinds of Curich precipitates - coarse precipitates having the size of a few microns each and uniformly dispersed fine nanosized precipitates. However, this microstructure was found to be unstable at the temperature range of 250-315 0C, secondary precipitation was found to take place, this secondary precipitation is responsible for grain boundary decoration and the appearance of secondary rod-shaped precipitates and for some degree of coarsening of the nanosized precipitates inside the grains. TEM study yielded that the material undergoes dynamic recrystallization (DRX) during creep as well as during the FSW process. Various stages of the development of dislocation networks into a cellular dislocation structure and finally into dislocation free recrystallized grains were recorded. The friction stir welded material, which has already recrystallized during welding, undergoes DRX during creep so that ultra-fine grains are being created concurrently. Precipitation processes at the friction stir welded material occur as well during creep. The instability of the microstructure during creep and exposure to high temperature plays an important role in the analysis of the creep results. The influence of the above microstructure changes occurring during creep on the creep behavior will be referred and discussed.
Non-destructive measurements of residual stresses in structural details of bridges
Authors: Kleimana Jacob , Kudryavtsevb Yuri
Published: December 2020

Bridges are vital in our society for uninterrupted transportation of goods and people on roads and railways and timely maintenance and repair of bridges are of outmost importance. The residual stresses have a significant effect on the process of the initiation and propagation of the fatigue cracks in welded elements and are responsible for many bridge failures.Knowledge of residual stresses, their distribution and their nature is, therefore, of paramount importance in all stages of bridge's design, building and maintenance. Among nondestructive methods for residual stress measurements the use of ultrasonic waves is gaining popularity and acceptance. A portable instrument, UltraMARS that is capable of measuring residual stresses in materials either averaged through thickness or in surface and subsurface layers using ultrasonic waves of different frequencies and displaying the results in a form of a continuous curve on the screen of the instrument was developed and used successfully in many investigations [1, 2]. The main principles of operation and used methodology are briefly discussed, with actual measurement examples using the bulk, the surface and the subsurface presented. A new transducer for measurement of surface and subsurface stresses with a variable base between the ultrasonic wave sender and receiver was designed and manufactured recently. By changing the distance between the sender and receiver it is possible to obtain nondestructively information on residual stress distribution through a certain range of thicknesses of the interrogated materials and structures. Results of calibration of the new variable base ultrasonic transducer (VBUT) for a number of selected materials will be presented. The results of residual stresses measured in structural details of a bridge that was damaged as well as in a number of welded bridges before and after application of improvement treatment used to beneficially redistribute the residual stresses are also presented. The obtained data on residuals stress distribution had proven that the nondestructive ultrasonic method for measurement of residual stresses is a practical and useful tool in maintenance and repair of bridges.
De la neurologie à la psychanalyse : évolutions et continuité du modèle de prise en charge psychothérapeutique du Sanatorium Prévost
Authors: Klein Alexandre
Published: December 2020

Dès son ouverture, en juillet 1919, le sanatorium du Dr Albert Prévost (1881-1926) chercha à se démarquer des autres institutions de soins de la province en proposant une offre thérapeutique essentiellement axée sur la psychothérapie. Loin de l’effervescence des grands asiles surpeuplés ou du recours privilégié aux traitements physiques proposés par les autres cliniques privées, le Dr Albert Prévost voulait une institution où il pourrait pratiquer cette nouvelle forme de prise en charge qu’il avait découverte à Paris et qui était de plus en plus en vogue aux États-Unis. Cette volonté de faire du sanatorium une institution à l’avant-garde de la science de l’esprit perdura, même après le décès de son fondateur. En effet, le Sanatorium Prévost, devenu en 1955 l’Institut Albert-Prévost, fut, tout au long de son existence, un espace d’expérimentations et de valorisation des dernières découvertes des sciences psychiatriques. C’est ce que nous montrerons dans cet article en suivant les parcours et réalisations de ses principaux médecins, depuis les fondateurs de la neuropsychiatrie québécoise de langue française que furent Albert Prévost, Edgar Langlois (1893-1941), Roma Amyot (1899-1980) et Jean Saucier (1899-1968), jusqu’aux premiers psychanalystes du Québec qu’étaient Karl Stern (1906-1975), Victorin Voyer (1917-1975) ou Camille Laurin (1922-1999). Nous verrons ainsi que le Sanatorium Albert-Prévost a toujours été à la pointe de la science psychiatrique, et ce, tout en conservant, au fil des décennies, l’approche psychothérapeutique singulière, centrée sur l’accompagnement des patients, autour de laquelle il avait vu le jour.
www.psychopap.com : améliorer l’accès à la psychothérapie par le transfert des connaissances aux patients et aux futurs thérapeutes
Authors: Lussier-Valade Magalie , Ngô Thanh-Lan , Leblanc Jean
Published: December 2020

La psychothérapie est un traitement efficace pour plusieurs troubles mentaux. Elle est, toutefois, peu accessible pour différentes raisons, dont son coût, la façon de l’offrir et la disponibilité locale des thérapeutes. Par ailleurs, l’accès à la formation en psychothérapie pour les futurs thérapeutes peut être compliqué par différents facteurs incluant le manque de ressources adaptées à différents contextes de pratique et la difficulté à obtenir une supervision. Dans ce contexte, un site web offrant des documents d’autothérapie aux patients, des miniguides de formation dans différents types de psychothérapies basées sur des données probantes, des suggestions d’articles et livres phares, des capsules vidéo expliquant les principes sous-tendant différents modèles théoriques et démontrant des techniques de psychothérapie, pourrait bénéficier autant aux patients qu’aux psychothérapeutes débutants.

L’Hôpital en santé mentale Albert-Prévost (HSMAP), impliqué dès ses origines dans la formation et la pratique de la psychothérapie, conçoit un tel outil pour célébrer son centenaire, le site www.psychopap.com. Le présent article propose de décrire la genèse et le déploiement de ce projet de transmission de connaissances en psychothérapie en décrivant d’abord le contexte et l’implication des membres de l’HSMAP dans l’enseignement de la psychothérapie puis une brève recension des écrits concernant l’autothérapie pour les troubles mentaux, l’utilisation des ordinateurs/Internet pour l’enseignement de la psychothérapie et comment ces données ont été appliquées dans la création de www.psychopap.com.
Idéologies linguistiques en circulation autour de la dénomination « franglais » au Manitoba : analyse d’un corpus de presse
Authors: Hallion Sandrine
Published: December 2020

À partir de l’analyse d’un corpus d’articles (1962-2019), sélectionnés dans l’hebdomadaire francophone du ManitobaLa Liberté,cette étude porte sur les idéologies linguistiques qui sous-tendent les discours autour de la notion de franglais. L’analyse du corpus repose sur les questions suivantes : les idéologies linguistiques, en particulier celles du standard et de l’authentique, mises en évidence dans les autres espaces de la francophonie canadienne, se retrouvent-elles au Manitoba et donnent-elles lieu au même genre de représentations linguistiques? Si oui, suivent-elles le même développement chronologique que dans ces espaces depuis le début des années 1960? Cette analyse révèle un mouvement évolutif de la perception du franglais dans le temps assez similaire à ce qui s’observe ailleurs au Canada francophone. Elle témoigne également de tensions entre l’authenticité que permet ce vernaculaire mixte et l’impératif de la norme profondément ancré dans l’imaginaire linguistique du francophone.
“Mother School" of Grand Duke Alexei Petrovich of Russia
Authors: Bogdanov Andrey Petrovich
Published: December 2020

This article reviews the emergence and content of textbook system for “Mother School”, written by the court poet and educator Karion Istomin for Grand Duke Alexei Petrovich of Russia. The concept belonged to grandmother of Alexei Petrovich – Grand Duchess Natalia Kirillovna, who enrolled her son Peter to “Mother School” at the age of 3 instead of usual 5. The idea of preschool education was advanced by the prominent pedagogue John Amos Comenius based on his concept of developmental psychology. The very thought that a child is not a small adult and his perception transforms with age  was innovative for the Age of Scientific Revolution. In the countries of Central and Western Europe, where John Amos Comenius pursued his activity, promotion of this thought encountered difficulties. Although in Russia, where the works of Comenius enjoyed wide popularity, was created a solid foundation for assimilation of this thought. All children of the Romanov family (there is no records on education of their predecessors) received multiple educational toys and visual materials, which were purchased at first, and later illustrated in books. By combining the  Russian tradition with the ideas of Comenius, Karion Istomin the entire series of books, in which upbringing and education was in the form of pictures and poems to them. The most famous book, which retains its relevance today, is the unique Russian Alphabet Book (Bukvar). The author is first to examine the entire system of these textbooks, which mark gradual transformation from visual learning to logical.
The role of the Bagratuni royal dynasty in preservation of ethnic identity of Armenians in the late IV – VI centuries
Authors: Sukhodolskaya Elena Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

This article explores the establishment and retention of the ethnic consciousness of Armenians in the conditions of Persian and Byzantine dominion based on the example of the activity of Bagratuni royal dynasty. The subject of this article is the activity of the Bagratuni princely family that alongside other Armenian dynasties (Mamikonyan, Siunia, Artsruni, Amatuni) was an important actor of the political process in the region in the conditions of Byzantine-Sasanian rule. The object of this research is the naharars (elite household guards) of Bagratuni, who played a significant role in the question of restoration of the Armenian Kingdom in the late IV – VI centuries. Special attention is given to the problem of ethnic consciousness of the Armenian people at the time of the loss of statehood, and commitment of Armenian princes to restore the national state and recover from the dominance of neighboring powers. Methodological framework is comprised of the methods that help to determine certain traits in formation of ethnic identity. Spatial analysis is used in studying the geographical conditions affecting people’s worldview and self-identification. Comparative analysis reveals the peculiarities of ethnic groups. For detailed explanation of specificities of the evolution of identity, the author employs comparative-historical method. Historical-typological comparison contributes to revelation of common features of heterogeneous ethnic elements. The novelty consists in comprehensive analysis of the activity of naharars of Bagratuni dynasty from the perspective of ethnic consciousness n the conditions of Byzantine-Sasanian rule. The attracted materials allowed assessing the nature of activity of the Bagratuni princes on the Byzantine Emperor’s service, as well as at the Persian court. This conducted analysis indicates the degree of engagement of Armenians in the social structure of Byzantium and Sasanian Iran. The conclusion is made that the Armenian political elite was committed to preserve ethnic identity by restoration of sovereignty of the Armenian Kingdom in the conditions of –Byzantine-Sasanian dominion. Bagratuni princes were the most appropriate candidates for the Armenian throne. By the end of the IX century, namely due to the efforts of Bagratuni princes the Armenian Kingdom was restored.
Academician in Arctic expedition: reminiscences of B. L. Isachenko on the expedition in the Soviet ice-breaker “Georgiy Sedov” in 1930
Authors: Brovina Alexandra , Egorova Svetlana L'vovna
Published: December 2020

The object of this research is the historical role of academic community in cognition and development of northern Russian territories. The subject of this research is the information value of the Arctic diaries of microbiologist B. L. Isachenko in the context of scientific development of Arctic territories in the early XX century. Detailed analysis is conducted B. L. Isachenko;s Artic diary, written in 1930 in the course of expedition in the ice-breaker “Georgiy Sedov”, and its potential scientific application. The authors not only assessed the content of the diary note, but also pursued correlation with the historical context of expedition work in the Arctic during the late XIX – early XX centuries. The conducted analysis is of great interest to the historians of science, as it allows viewing the key milestones of life and creative path of the academician, as well as his contribution to the development of the Arctic. Systemic approach is used analyzing B. L. Isachenko’s Arctic diary in the context of history of Arctic development, as well as political and academic objectives of the country in 1930s. The author examines the field diary of the scholar based on then formation approach for understanding the essence of the document through its informational nature and determining its role in the social and personal space. The novelty of this work consists in introduction into the scientific discourse of the unique archival document, as well as in detailed analysis and citation of the personal diary of B. L. Isachenko, written in 1930 during the Arctic expedition in the ice-breaker “Georgiy Sedov”. The content and emphasis of the document appeared to be more extensive than the scientific tasks solved by academicians in the course of expedition. The conclusion is made that diary of B. L. Isachenko clearly traces two thematic lines: records of external occurrences, and description of the ideas and concerns of the author. There are several factors that define information value of the source (scientific component; detailed breakdown of expedition rout and observations; description of daily routine during the expedition). The author demonstrates the ability to “walk” the Arctic route using diary notes, follow the impressions of the participant, and determine the scientific tasks set by the academician during the expedition.