bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frühe Mehrsprachigkeit in Slowenien
Authors: Retelj Andreja
Published: December 2021

In many documents, the European Union has set the promotion and development of multilingualism as a goal and commitment. Although many foreign and domestic studies demonstrate the benefits of early foreign language learning/second language acquisition, and thus the development of early multilingualism, the decision to involve pre-school children in various forms of language learning is solely in the hands of parents. Parents who enrol their children in foreign language activities can choose between different private providers – language schools – as there is no foreign language kindergarten in the compulsory programme. Some kindergartens offer language classes, mostly English, given by external providers, but there is a fee for this offer. Since there is no systematically regulated foreign language teaching in preschool in Slovenia, we were interested in the attitudes of parents whose children go to kindergarten towards early foreign language learning and early multilingualism. The results of the research, which included parents of kindergarten children from all statistical regions of Slovenia, show that multilingualism has positive connotations and that parents perceive multilingualism as an added value that should be developed from childhood, as it allows children to learn about other cultures and other languages during a period that is extremely favourable for learning a foreign language, and does not represent any additional effort. At the same time, the results also clearly show that a large proportion of parents understand multilingualism to mean learning English and not necessarily other languages. However, this tells us that it will be necessary to invest quite a bit of effort in informing parents and the public about the real benefits of speaking more languages.
Il modello valenziale
Authors: Kenda Jana
Published: December 2021

L’elaborazione della grammatica valenziale, che considera il verbo come l’elemento centrale e generatore della frase, predisposto a combinarsi con un certo numero di elementi per realizzare un’espressione minima di senso compiuto, trova applicazione anche nel contesto dell’insegnamento/apprendimento dell’italiano L2.
L’articolo evidenzia i vantaggi glottodidattici del modello che sono rappresentati in primo luogo dall’importanza attribuita all’imprescindibile legame tra semantica e sintassi e alla correlazione tra frase e testo. In relazione a ciò, il discente impara a i) riflettere sugli elementi obbligatori e facoltativi della frase e a considerare i parametri con cui il verbo definisce e modifica la sua struttura argomentativa in funzione del suo significato e ii) trasformare i singoli elementi frasali da elementi nominali in frasi dipendenti. L’esercitazione sull’abilità di passaggio da un elemento nominale a uno frasale nella stessa funzione sintattica costituisce una importante risorsa didattica in quanto abitua l’apprendente a esprimere lo stesso concetto con strutture linguistiche differenti. L’articolo mette in evidenza l’utilità didattica e matetica della descrizione della frase secondo il modello valenziale anche per l’approccio all’analisi del testo in ottica della classificazione della tipologia testuale fondata sul grado di rigidità/elasticità dei testi: l’apprendente impara a misurare lo scarto tra la modalità di uso della lingua a livello di sistema (rappresentato dalla struttura della frase-tipo) e la modalità che appare negli enunciati dei testi reali illustrando lo stretto nesso tra queste due dimensioni della lingua. 
Il modello valenziale offre anche un valido supporto all’apprendimento sotto forma di rappresentazioni grafiche della frase per mezzo di cerchi radiali, che facilitano sia l’apprendimento dei postulati teorici che la pratica delle attività produttive degli studenti. La flessibilità del metodo lo rende compatibile con diversi livelli di conoscenza dell’italiano, diverse età e background culturali.
Prima 1 in 2: učno gradivo za začetno učenje nemščine
Authors: Leskovec Mojca
Published: December 2021

Prenovljeno učno gradivo za začetno učenje nemščine Prima 1 in Prima 2 poleg pregledanih učbenikov in delovnih zvezkov, ki so na izobraževalnem portalu eVedež (evedez.si) dostopni tudi v e-obliki, obsega še zvočne posnetke, prav tako dostopne na portalu eVedež oz. kot avdiozgoščenko. Strokovni svet Republike Slovenije za splošno izobraževanje je na svoji seji 18. 4. 2019 potrdil učbenik Prima 1 za uporabo pri neobveznem izbirnem predmetu nemščini kot drugem tujem jeziku v 4. razredu osnovne šole, na svoji seji 20. 5. 2021 pa učbenik Prima 2 za uporabo pri neobveznem izbirnem predmetu nemščini kot drugem tujem jeziku v 5. razredu osnovne šole.
Deutsch als Fremdsprache im Kindesalter
Authors: Leskovec Mojca
Published: December 2021

Univerzitetni učbenik Deutsch als Fremdsprache im Kindesalter (slov. Nemščina kot tuji jezik v otroštvu) avtoric Andreje Retelj in Brigite Kosevski Puljić glede na trenutno politiko (ne)zaposlovanja diplomantov in diplomantk jezikovnih programov pedagoških smeri kot učiteljev in učiteljic tujih jezikov v prvi triadi osnovnega šolstva za matično fakulteto predstavlja pomemben prispevek k razvoju strateško pomembnega področja poučevanja tujih jezikov v zgodnjem in srednjem otroštvu. Delo pri tem presega okvire ciljne skupine študentov in študentk pedagoške smeri drugostopenjskega študijskega programa nemščina, saj s svojo vsebino prav tako naslavlja učitelje in učiteljice nemščine kot tujega jezika v šolski praksi; čeprav spisano v nemškem jeziku, pa je priporočljivo pregledno branje in vir praktičnih idej za izvedbo učnih ur tudi za (bodoče) učitelje in učiteljice drugih tujih jezikov.
Formation hybride en langues : articuler présentiel et distanciel
Authors: Lamy-Joswiak Anne-Cécile
Published: December 2021

Elke Nissen est germaniste, professeure en didactique des langues et ingénierie éducative numérique à l’Université Grenoble Alpes et membre permanente du LIDILEM, Laboratoire de linguistique et didactique des langues étrangères et maternelles, au sein duquel elle mène des recherches sur les formations hybrides en langues (FHL), en collaboration avec des chercheurs du monde entier. Dans son ouvrage intitulé Formation hybride en langues : articuler présentiel et distanciel, elle s’appuie sur un certain nombre de recherches et de projets d’ingénierie pédagogique menés ces quinze dernières années dans le domaine des dispositifs médiatisés appliqués à l’enseignement-apprentissage des langues propre à l’enseignement supérieur, pour analyser le fonctionnement et les spécificités des FHL et ainsi, mieux comprendre « comment elles sont conçues, perçues et vécues, les relations qui s’y créent, les interactions qui s’y déroulent, etc. » (p.11).
Bioluminescence capability and intensity in the dinoflagellate Alexandrium species
Authors: Park Sang Ah , Jeong Hae Jin , Ok Jin Hee , Kang Hee Chang , You Ji Hyun , Eom Se Hee , Yoo Yeong Du , Lee Moo Joon
Published: December 2021

Some species in the dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium are bioluminescent. Of the 33 formally described Alexandrium species, the bioluminescence capability of only nine species have been tested, and eight have been reported to be bioluminescent. The present study investigated the bioluminescence capability of seven Alexandrium species that had not been tested. Alexandrium mediterraneum, A. pohangense, and A. tamutum were bioluminescent, but A. andersonii, A. hiranoi, A. insuetum, and A. pseudogonyaulax were not. We also measured the bioluminescent intensity of A. affine, A. fraterculus, A. mediterraneum, A. ostenfeldii, A. pacificum, A. pohangense, A. tamarense, and A. tamutum. The mean 200-second-integrated bioluminescence intensity per cell ranged from 0.02 to 32.2 × 104 relative luminescence unit per cell (RLU cell-1), and the mean maximum bioluminescence intensity per cell per second (BLMax) ranged from 0.01 to 10.3 × 104 RLU cell-1 s-1-1. BLMax was significantly correlated with the maximum growth rates of Alexandrium species, except for A. tamarense. A phylogenetic tree based on large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) showed that the bioluminescent species A. affine, A. catenella, A. fraterculus, A. mediterraneum, A. pacificum, and A. tamarense formed a large clade. However, the toxicity or mixotrophic capability of these species was split. Thus, their bioluminescence capability in this clade was more consistent than their toxicity or mixotrophic capability. Phylogenetic trees based on LSU rDNA and the luciferase gene of Alexandrium were consistent except for A. pohangense. The results of the present study can provide a basis for understanding the interspecific diversity in bioluminescence of Alexandrium.
The Impact of Foreign Salafi -Jihadists on Islamic Developments in Chechnya and Dagestan
Authors: Sagramoso D. , Yarlykapov A.
Published: December 2021

This article intends to revisit the role of foreign fi ghters in the Chechen war and its aftermath, looking particularly at their impact on Islamic developments in Chechnya and Dagestan during the 1990s–2010s. The article challenges the argument, which is predominant in the literature, that foreign jihadists were primarily responsible for transforming the Chechen insurgency from a secular movement into a religious one. Instead, it argues that Islamist tendencies and Salafi circles were present in the North Caucasus before the outbreak of the First Chechen war. Secondly, this article contends that local Salafi jamaats, in conjunction with foreign jihadist fi ghters, provided the mobilization structures and the ideological framing for the radicalization of the Chechen/ North Caucasus rebel movement. By examining the Salafi -jihadist discourse of both foreign and local Salafi s operating in Chechnya and Dagestan in the 1990s and 2000s, the article shows how foreign Salafi s infl uenced and helped shape the ideological framing of local Salafi politicians and rebel jihadist groups. Yet, this article also shows that many of these Salafi -jihadist projects failed to gain broader societal support. They did not resonate with the local populations in Chechnya and Dagestan in the 1990s–2000s. A fi nal section of this article looks at events in the past decade, particularly at developments since the emergence of ISIS in Syria and Iraq. In this context, the article explains why many young Muslims in Dagestan became themselves foreign fi ghters and travelled to Syria/Iraq to fi ght for and live in the Islamic State. It concludes that Salafi projects, although not indigenous to the region, prospered as a result of the interaction between local Salafi s and foreign jihadist fi ghters and recruiters.
The Challenge of Taliban Ideology for International Politics: Religious Competition, Counterterrorism, and the Search for Legitimacy
Authors: Crews R. D.
Published: December 2021

This paper examines the Taliban vision of an Islamic polity posing a challenge to neighboring Central and South Asian states as well as more distant ones in Eurasia and the Middle East. As a potential magnet for militants across these regions, Taliban Islam represents an alternative to forms of piety and legal practice in states that have signifi cant Muslim populations and where each government claims some degree of religious legitimation and control over Islamic authority and interpretation. Author claims the Taliban ideology poses a dilemma to regional actors, too, in that it makes all parties who might cooperate with the movement vulnerable to criticism based on human rights discourse. At the same time, the presence of the Islamic State – Khorasan Province (ISKP) has permitted the movement the opportunity to seek to reframe its international standing and its relationship to violence. The Taliban have adapted their critique of ISKP to the claim that they share a counterterrorism mission with other governments, an assertion that allows the movement and its partners to defl ect criticism from various quarters and normalize relations with other states. Author concludes that, seeking international support, the Taliban have adapted their ideological claims to position the movement simultaneously as a competitor to other visions of militant jihadist politics and as a counterterrorist force laying the groundwork for the legitimation of their place in a rapidly evolving global order.
Religion in International Affairs: From the “Twilight of the Gods” to the Twilight of Secularism?
Authors: Markedonov S. , Yarlykapov A.
Published: December 2021

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Reconstruction of Dhaka City in the 18th Century by the Nawab Family in the Light of Islamic Civilization
Authors: Billah Mutasim , Sadequzzaman Md. , Kaosar Md
Published: December 2021

The Khwaja family of Dhaka having obtained the title of 'Nawab' from the Government of British India reconstructed the city of Dhaka in the 18th century following the light of Islamic civilization. ‘Knowledge’ and ‘charity’ were the basic foundation of Islamic civilization. Similarly, In islamic civilization it was the regular activities to maintain sustainable public welfare oriented architecture. The contemporary period of the Nawab family, they made name and fame for themselves to perform their humanitarian activities. Through business income they developed a waqf system and spent it for various welfare purposes such as: patronage of modern education, institutions, medicine and technology; assistance to the people who were suffering in natural calamities in national and international arena, and they maintained friendship with government bureaucrats. In Islamic civilization we see various attributes such as: human rights, freedom of thought and practicing religion, Muslim family bondage, social welfare, medicine, orphanage, architecture, aesthetics of utensils, library, beauty of modern and scientific discoveries, beauty of environment, gardening, characteristic beauty, fine taste etc. In the eighteenth century, we found similar characteristics in Dhaka City which inspired us to compare the ‘Dhaka city’ reconstruction according to the light of ‘Islamic civilization’. If we see the nature of muslim’s city in medieavel period around the globe, then we found similar features. In this article we try to learn the hidden power of the Nawab family which led them to ‘reconstruct’ the `Dhaka city' through the exploration of various historical books, to see the current activities of their organization, trustees and observing their way of life.
Child Rights and Human Security: Promoting Child Protection At The Tourist Attractions On Madura
Authors: Windari Rusmilawati , Effendi Tolib
Published: December 2021

Tourism nowadays is a promising as well as challenging industry. The need for having leisure, relaxation, and inner satisfaction is not of the tertiary nature, but the primary one. Each country, of course, is actively improving its own tourist attractions for its economic growth. Madura, as a big island in East Java with many tourist attractions, is in a continuous improvement in the last five years. Unfortunately, child protection has not been considered a significant part of the designing of good tourism. Given that children are the main targets of tourism, good, peaceful tourism will be realized with the fulfillment of child rights at the tourist attractions. This paper is a socio-legal research work that uses primary data from observations and interviews with relevant respondents. All of the data are analyzed in a descriptive-qualitative manner. This paper aims at exploring and analyzing the efforts made by local governments in promoting child protection through human security at the tourist attractions on Madura. Moreover, it also describes the obstacles faced by these local governments along with some solutions to such obstacles. The main finding is Sampang Regency has initiated a role of the service in charge in child protection, which is currently assumed by the Social Service, across all regional strategic development fields, including the tourism sector.
A Design Task for Sivas Grand Mosque’s Minaret: Vertical Construction/Formal Articulation/Visual Stimuli
Authors:   Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Architecture, Fine Arts and Design, Sivas, Turkey, Tuztasi Ugur , Koc Pinar
Published: December 2021

As well as a design process, experimental practices in architectural education are associated with the analytical approaches of visual thinking and visual reasoning. The main purpose of this study was to explore creative methods for devising a vertical construction through visual reasoning. In terms of experimental practices, design research is based on exploration while the primary research area in architecture is reframed by constantly renewed approaches. Accordingly, the hypothesis of this study was that creative methods would improve when the creation of a vertical construction in architectural education is nourished by visual stimuli. The study searched for a construction that plasticized the vertical spatiality of Sivas Grand Mosque’s minaret. The method was shaped by a prerequisite dialogue that rests on visual stimuli. The expected outcome of this dialogue was that the minaret as a pure form would be subjected to an abstraction and, a design proposal then developed for its current structural problems. The results indicated a two-fold appreciation of design. First, when the minaret was maintained within the idea of stabilization rather than being construed as a pure form, the search for a creative method of vertical construction was handled in the context of static preservation. Second, when Sivas Grand Mosque’s minaret as an imaginary design tool was construed as a pure form and the abstraction level increased through visual reasoning, the outcomes gradually demonstrated an approach akin to experimental practices
The role of albumin-to-globulin ratio in undifferentiated arthritis: Rheumatoid arthritis versus primary Sjögren syndrome
Authors: Köse Çobanoglu Reyhan , Şentürk Taşkın
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study aims to compare initial albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) presenting with undifferentiated arthritis (UA) and to investigate whether there was a difference in terms of AGR between the two patient groups and healthy controls.

Patients and methods: Between January 2019 and December 2019, a total of 177 patients including 96 RA (10 males, 86 females; mean age: 53.6±10.8 years; range, 21 to 74 years) and 81 pSS (5 males, 76 females; mean age: 53.2±14.1 years; range, 23 to 79 years) and 82 healthy controls (20 males, 62 females; mean age: 50.5±13.6 years; range, 20 to 79 years) were included in this case-control study. Demographic characteristics, albumin, and globulin levels of all participants were recorded. The AGR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) were assessed.

Results: The mean AGR was 1.50±0.16 in the control group, 1.48±0.24 in the RA group, and 1.30±0.23 in the pSS group, indicating a significant difference between the pSS and the other two groups (p<0.001). The receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the cut-off value for AGR was 1.39 (area under the curve=0.736) with a sensitivity of 0.642 and a specificity of 0.646 (p<0.001). The ESR and CRP values were higher (p<0.001), and ANA (p<0.001) and RF (p=0.003) positivity were lower in the RA group, compared to the pSS group.

Conclusion: This study findings indicate that AGR is a helpful tool in the differential diagnosis of RA and pSS presenting with UA at the time of admission, and Sjögren syndrome should be considered in case of AGR ≤1.39.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of chronic spontaneous urticaria with connective tissue diseases: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Çildağ Songül , Sargın Gökhan , Şentürk Taşkın
Published: December 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of connective tissue diseases (CTDs) in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and to evaluate clinical and laboratory characteristics of CSU accompanied by CTDs.

Patients and methods: Between January 2017 and December 2020, a total of 390 CSU patients (120 males, 270 females; mean age: 38.9±13.7 years; range, 18 to 78 years) were included in the study. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of CSU in patients with and without CTD were analyzed.

Results: A total of 6.4% patients (n=25) with CSU had CTD, and the rate was found to be 8.9% in female patients (n=24). In these patients, Sjögren syndrome (SS) was seen in 15 (5.5%), rheumatoid arthritis in five (1.85%), undifferentiated connective tissue disease in three (1.11%), and systemic lupus erythematosus in one (0.37%). Anti-thyroglobulin antibody, rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, antinuclear antibody positivity, low complement 4 level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly different between CSU patients with and without CTD (p=0.013, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.0182, p<0.001, respectively).

Conclusion: Our study results suggest that CSU is associated with CTDs, particularly with Sjögren syndrome. Every patient diagnosed with CSU should be questioned about rheumatic symptoms, particularly female patients and those having later-onset CSU.
Clinical study of factors associated with pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus in the southern China
Authors: Zhang Ke , He Chunmei , Deng Qiaoting , Li Wengen , Zhong Zhixiong , Hou Jingyuan
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study aims to estimate predicted factors for maternal and fetal outcomes in Hakka pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the southern China.

Patients and methods: Between June 2014 and February 2020, we retrospectively analyzed the data of a total of 123 singleton pregnant women with SLE (mean age: 27.1±4.1 years; range, 19 to 39 years) who were referred to our rheumatology clinic. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of the patients were recorded. Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) were assessed.

Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that preeclampsia was associated with the increased odds of APOs (odds ratios [OR]=9.538, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.055-44.271, p=0.004), premature birth (OR=14.289, 95% CI: 3.596-56.777, p<0.001) and low birth weight (OR=8.275, 95% CI: 2.117-32.345, p=0.002). Anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-dsDNA) antibody positivity was the predictor of APOs (OR=2.165, 95% CI: 1.034-4.532, p=0.040), premature birth (OR=2.849, 95% CI: 1.220-6.657, p=0.016) and pregnancy loss (OR=3.004, 95% CI: 1.086-8.305, p=0.034). The use of hydroxychloroquine and prednisone was associated with the decreased odds of APOs (OR=0.412, 95% CI: 0.198-0.860, p=0.018) and pregnancy loss (OR=0.304, 95% CI: 0.111-0.831, p=0.020).

Conclusion: Our study results indicate that preeclampsia, anti-dsDNA antibody positivity, and the use of hydroxychloroquine and prednisone are independent predictors of pregnancy outcomes.
Evaluation of personality disorders using the structured clinical interview for DSM-5 personality disorders, quality of life, and disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Durmaz Yunus , İlhanlı İlker , Durmaz Pınar
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study aims to determine the frequency of personality disorders in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and healthy volunteers and to compare SLE patients with and without personality disorders in terms of quality of life (QoL) and other clinical and laboratory findings.

Patients and methods: Between January 2021 and March 2021, a total of 64 patients (17 males, 47 females; mean age: 42.9±10.8 years; range, 21 to 62 years) who were diagnosed with SLE and 68 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (20 males, 48 females; mean age: 40.9±10.6 years; range, 21 to 65 years) without any known disease were included. The Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) was filled in to evaluate the QoL for all participants. For the diagnosis of personality disorder, the Structured Clinical Interview For DSM-5 Personality Disorders (SCID-5PD) form was used. Clinical and laboratory findings of patients with SLE were noted and disease activity index (SLEDAI) was calculated. Clinical and laboratory variables that may affect personality disorder were evaluated.

Results: The prevalence of personality disorder in SLE patients was significantly higher than the control group (39.1% vs. 11.8%, respectively; p<0.001). In terms of the subgroups of personality disorders detected in SLE, only the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder was significantly higher than the control group (26.6% vs. 10.3%, respectively; p=0.015). The frequency of personality disorder increased, as the education level decreased, the duration of SLE disease increased, and with antiphospholipid autoantibodies positivity in patients with SLE (p<0.05). The mean NHP total score was 126.1±55.1 in SLE patients with personality disorder and 62.9±43.8 in patients without personality disorder, indicating that the QoL of SLE patients with personality disorder was worse than those without personality disorder (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The frequency of personality disorder in SLE seems to be higher than in the control group. Quality of life is adversely affected in SLE patients with personality disorders. Therefore, clinicians should be alert for personality disorders that may accompany SLE and fight with personality disorder with early diagnosis and optimal treatment.
Pregnancy outcomes between pregnant systemic lupus erythematosus patients with clinical remission and those with low disease activity: A comparative study
Authors: Louthrenoo Worawit , Trongkamolthum Thananant , Kasitanon Nuntana , Wongthanee Antika
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study aims to compare pregnancy outcomes between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients who attained clinical remission based on the Definition of Remission in SLE (DORIS) and those with lupus low disease activity based on Low Lupus Disease Activity State (LLDAS).

Patients and methods: Between January 1993 and June 2017, a total of 90 pregnancies (one twin pregnancy) from 77 patients (mean age: 26.9±4.8 years; range, 17.9 to 37.3 years) were included in the study. The clinical remission and the LLDAS groups were modified into modified clinical remission and LLDAS groups, respectively by omitting Physician Global Assessment (PGA). The clinical SLE disease activity index (cSLEDAI) score was used for LLDAS.

Results: Pregnancies in 49 patients occurred, when they were in modified clinical remission and in 57 in modified LLDAS. There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics, disease activity, or medication received at conception between the two groups. Pregnancy outcomes were similar between the modified clinical remission and the modified LLDAS groups in terms of successful pregnancy (83.67% vs. 84.21%), full-term births (38.78% vs. 38.60%), fetal losses (16.33% vs. 15.79%), spontaneous abortions (14.29% vs. 14.04%), small for gestational age infants (18.37% vs. 19.30%), low birth weight infants (42.86% vs. 40.35%), maternal complications (46.94% vs. 49.12%), and maternal flares (36.73% vs. 40.35%). The agreement of pregnancy outcomes was very high between the two groups (91.11% agreement).

Conclusion: Pregnancy outcomes in SLE patients who achieved modified clinical remission and modified LLDAS were comparable
Modernity as Crisis: Goeng Si and Vampires in Hong Kong Cinema (translation into Russian)
Authors: Hudson Dale
Published: December 2021

This article is a translation of a chapter from the collective monograph Draculas, vampires, and other undead forms: essays on gender, race, and culture, edited by John Edgar Browning and Caroline Joan (Kay) Picart (2009, Scarecrow Press). The author analyzes the question of how Hong Kong cinema responds to the complex situation of Hong Kong's transition from its status as a British territory on loan to a special territory with extended autonomy within the PRC. As a marker pointing to the crisis development of this process, the Chinese people's particular ideas about the so-called “goeng si” (“jumping corpses”) were chosen. These revived corpses move in a peculiar jumping way, due to which they received this name. According to the author, in the images of these creatures, as well as in the cinematic vampires that have become an integral part of films made by Hong Kong studios, all the contradictions of the cultural and political situation in Hong Kong are manifested as in a mirror. Despite the fact that Hong Kong was able to actively oppose the global cinema represented by Hollywood, it had to adjust to the global cinematic trends in which vampires played an important role. All of this led to a certain hybridity of images that combined both Western and Chinese traits.
Zombies in the German-Speaking Space. Review of the Collective Monograph “The Undead – Zombie Film Theory” Edited by M. Fürst, F. Krautkrämer and S. Wiemer
Authors: Sarakaeva Elina A.
Published: December 2021

This article reviews a collection of scholarly works edited by Michael Fürst, Florian Krautkrämer, and Serjoscha Wiemer “The Undead - Zombie Film Theory” (original title “Untot – Zombie Film Theorie”), Munich, Belleville Publishers, 2010, 301 pages, ISBN 978-3-933510-55-6. The reviewer lists the main ideas discussed by the researchers who have contributed to the monograph, briefly summarizes the content and evaluates the scientific significance of the analyzed edition. Three representative essays of the monograph (by W. Fuhrmann, A. Grilli and M. Benecke) receive a closer inspection, as they demonstrate the scope of ideas and methodological approach characteristic of the volume.
Macro-environmental Regulation and Corporate Financial Constraints: A Quasi-Natural Experiment of China’s Low-Carbon City Pilot
Authors: Liu Qi , Gui Yongyu , Wang Wei , Wang Hua
Published: December 2021

This paper examines the impact of macro-environmental regulations on corporate financial constraints, using the shocks of China’s low-carbon city pilots and panel data on Chinese A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2018. We find that low-carbon city pilot regulation lessens the intensity of corporate financial constraints. We further find that this negative relation is more significant for state-owned enterprises and manufacturing enterprises.
Estrategias y obstáculos a la innovación empresarial: el caso de las MiPyMES del noroeste de México
Authors: Sepúlveda Moreno César Omar , Olga Selenia Federico , Rosales-Díaz Flavio Alonso
Published: December 2021

Los esfuerzos que realizan las MiPyMES del noroeste del país al diseñar e intentar aplicar estrategias de innovación, pueden presentar ciertos obstáculos que se deben sortear. En este sentido, el objetivo de investigación es explicar las formas en las que se relacionan el factor estratégico y los obstáculos a la innovación en las MiPyMES de los estados de Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora y Sinaloa. A partir de un primer Análisis Factorial Exploratorio se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados a una muestra de 81 empresas encuestadas por disponibilidad. Se presenta un escenario de implementación de estrategias y dos tipos de obstáculos para lograr innovaciones: el primero de estos obstáculos a la innovación, refleja los problemas que enfrentan las empresas al interior. En la segunda clasificación, muestra obstáculos que no son controlables por las empresas, dicho de otra manera, inconvenientes extrínsecos. En el segundo Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio, es posible observar la relación entre los obstáculos a la innovación. Sin embargo, no es posible determinar que estos obstáculos intrínsecos o extrínsecos influyan en el diseño e implementación de estrategias de innovación en las empresas estudiadas.
El propóleos, una Resina Biológica con Propiedades Curativas
Authors: Lipovka Yulia , Alday Efrain , Velázquez Carlos
Published: December 2021

El propóleos, junto con la miel, la jalea real, la cera y el veneno de abejas, es considerado uno de los productos de colmena que ha generado gran interés por sus propiedades farmacológicas. El propóleos es una sustancia resinosa, elaborada por las abejas a partir de exudados, resinas y látex secretados por las hojas y brotes de plantas. Es una matriz biológica muy compleja, en la que se ha detectado la presencia de más de 500 sustancias químicas diferentes. Posee diversas propiedades biológicas, entre las cuales destaca su efecto anti-cancerígeno. Este artículo describe de una forma resumida los distintos productos de las abejas, poniendo énfasis en el propóleos y su composición química. Posteriormente, en el contexto de la biología del cáncer, se discuten los sucesos moleculares que subyacen el efecto anti-cancerígeno del propóleos, identificando las principales moléculas involucradas. Se describe la capacidad del propóleos de inhibir la proliferación, la progresión del ciclo celular y migración de células cancerígenas, así como de inducir apoptosis y suprimir la angiogénesis. El propóleos constituye una matriz biológica muy atractiva para el aislamiento de compuestos con actividad anti-cancerígena, que solos, o en conjunto, pudieran representar una alternativa para la elaboración de terapias contra el cáncer.
Diagnóstico de Factores de Deserción de un Programa Educativo
Authors: Calderón-Rodríguez Marysol de Fátima , Olea-Miranda Jaime , Ochoa-Vázquez Ivan
Published: December 2021

El estudio analiza los resultados de un cuestionario realizado a los alumnos desertores de un programa educativo de ingeniería industrial. Se utilizó un análisis de correlación para explicar los posibles factores que determinan la deserción en sus estudios universitarios, el análisis factorial arrojó cuatro factores; factor institucional, factor individual dividido en; motivación, vocación y dedicación, factor académico y factor ambiental dividido en; económico, social y geográfico. Los resultados se estudiaron bajo un análisis de correlación y análisis factorial. Según los resultados el factor institucional es el que afecta directamente al fenómeno de la deserción para la población bajo estudio. Así mismo, los factores individuales, académicos y ambientales, aunque no son determinísticos también presentan una estrecha relación con el fenómeno.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF BHUMYAMALAKI GHANA VATI IN THE MANAGEMENT OF KAMALA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HEPATITIS B
Authors: Chowdry Shoket Mahmood , Trivedi Atal Bihari , Sharma Raman
Published: December 2021

Kamala is a Pittaja Nanatmaja Vyadi and Rakta Pradoshaja Vyadi. The main Dusya is Rakta, at the same time it is Pitta predominant disease. In the present era, Rakta Dhatu (blood) is given utmost importance as the diseases pertaining to Rakta is more in incidence. Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicine has historically been highly proficient and has been treating liver disorders for centuries and drug toxicity tends to be lower than the conven- tional medicine. The drug Bhumyamalaki (Phyllanthus Niruri) is explained in Bhava Prakash Nighantu under Guduchyaidi Varga for the treatment of Kamala. Bhumyamalaki (Phyllanthus Niruri) is a well-known drug in Ayur- veda for Kamala (Hepatitis B). The need for this research is to find out safer, potent, cost-effective treatment and also to inhibit potential long-term effects like Cirrhosis, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, transplantation and death. Aims: To access the efficacy of Phyllanthus Niruri herb through clinical and biochemical parameters; to provide quality of life to patients of Hepatitis B and to access side effect profile. Materials/ Methods: Selection of Cases: All the patients are selected from the OPD of GMC, Department of Gastroenterology. Study Design: Total No. of patients selected for the study are 40 and are divided into 2 groups (20 patients each): I & II. Group I received Tablet Entecavir 0.5 mg/day alone whereas other group II received Tablet Phyllanthus Niruri 3gm/day in divided doses as an add on therapy along with Tablet Entecavir 0.5mg/day. Duration of study: 60 days. Results: It is sug- gested that Phyllanthus Niruri possess hepato protective, anti–viral and antioxidant properties due to novel bioactive compounds. It also has the ability to reduce viral load in HBV infection. Conclusion: This study suggests that thereis strong pharmacological potential in developing Phyllanthus Niruri as a drug to be used in liver disorders and as an anti-viral drug. The subjective and objective observations were evaluated statistically using “t test”. The results that both these drugs are effective in HBV but Phyllanthus Niruri was a little more effective statistically.
Keywords: Kamala, Hepatitis B, Phyllanthus Niruri, Hepato protective activity.
AYURVEDIC APPROACH OF ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS (VATAJA ABHISHYANDA)
Authors: Rajput Manisha , Singh Sukhdev , Sharma Sanjeev Kumar , M.R Yogitha Bali
Published: December 2021

Allergic conjunctivitis is one of the most common eye disorders that affect people of all age groups and can be correlated to Vatajaabhishyanda (Allerghic Conjunctivitis) in Ayurvedic medicine based on their signs and symp- toms. Abhishyanda (Conjunctivitis) is the root cause for most of the eye disorders and must be treated early with effective interventions or it might lead to severe complications and would be very perplexing to save the eyesight. If Abhishyanda (Conjunctivitis) takes a chronic course, it may lead to dreadful complications making the disease unmanageable. In Modern medicine, this is managed with the administration of eye drops and anti-Allergic medi- cines associated that are associated with some adverse effects. Ayurvedic management of Allergic conjunctivitis has shown some effective results in overcoming the ailment with no such effects and non-recurrence. Hence here an effort has been made to elucidate about Vatajaabhishyanda and its management that is outlined in Ayurvedic classics.

Keywords: Vatajaabhishyanda, Allergic conjunctivitis, Ayurveda, Shalakya Tantra
THE IMPORTANCE OF YAVAGU IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: J Remya , K Sundaran , R Jishnu , S. S Athri
Published: December 2021

Food is a unique tool in the possession of a physician for the maintenance of health as well as the eradication of diseases. Yavagu or medicated gruel (Marunnu Kanji) can be considered as a distinctive food preparation that ought to have a multifaceted approach in the treatment of diseases. Even today the food preparation Kanji is popu- lar, but we have lost the legacy of Marunnu Kanji from our clinical practice due to multiple reasons. The Yavagu preparation can be considered as an advanced form of nutraceutical. What we can do now to restore the practice of Marunnu Kanji Prayogam is to modify the preparation to make it suitable and easy for op practice. Yavagu is very useful in clinical practice because it will increase the palatability of even the bitterest drug, when introduced as Kanji. Also depending on the Yukti of the practitioner, one can advise to increase or decrease the dosage of the specific drug. This article attempts to highlight the importance of the Yavagu or Marunnu Kanji Prayogam by referring to 28 Yavagus mentioned in the Apamargatanduliya Adhyaya.
Keywords: Yavagu, Marunnu Kanji, nutraceutical
AYURVEDIC APPROACH TO PREVENTION OF STROKE & HEART DISEASES FROM DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Dekate Priyanka V.
Published: December 2021

Madhumeha (Diabetes) is attracting the world as a non-infectious pandemic/epidemic. The prevalence of Diabetes is on the rise, more alarmingly in the developing country. Ranked 7th among leading causes of death. This multiplying incidence of CVS & heart diseases. Now days Ayurveda is of wise important to get swasthya, to prevent heart diseases & stroke from DM. The objectives of study are to evolve standard Ayurvedic drug & preventive measures for Madhumeha. This study is based on review of Ayurvedic Samhitas & previous research work. DM is the 6th leading cause of death in the world. Therefore, attempt should be made to balance the Dehamanas prakruti & normal state of physiological energy to prevent Diabetes Mellitus. Dinacharya (Daily regimen), Ashtavidha aahara vidhi Aayatana & herbo mineral drugs with Yogasana help to prevent diabetes & its related complication.
Keyword: Madhumeha, stroke, Heart diseases.
A LITERARY REVIEW OF VAATASTHEELA MOOTRAGHATA AND ITS MANAGEMENT W.S.R BPH
Authors: Rautela Sweta
Published: December 2021

Acharya Sushruta, known as the father of ancient surgery, has given immense contribution in the field of surgery. One of the biggest contributions by Acharya Sushruta comes in the form of urological disorders mentioned by him in his classical text, Sushruta Samhita. He has contributed separate chapters describing the ailments of uri- nary system. These are mentioned under the chapters related to Mootrakricha (dysuria), Mootraghata (urinary retention) and Ashmari (Renal stone). The description of urinary retention-based symptoms is dealt in the chapter of Mootraghata. The diseases Mootraghata and Mootrakricha both are related to Mootravaha Srotas (channels of urinary system) but in Mootraghata, there is obstruction/retention of urine while in Mootrakricha there is exces- sive pain during urination. Both of these diseases are mentioned in Uttar Tantra in Sushruta Samhita. Moot- raghata can be compared with group of obstructive urinary disorders. It includes twelve subtypes, among them is Vaatastheela. Due to the anatomical mal-alignment and physiological disturbances it causes, it seems quite simi- lar to BPH. BPH is a non -malignant enlargement of the prostate gland in elderly males. It is commonly found in age group above 50. About half of the men in their fifties and about 90% men above the age of 80 suffer from this disease. Peak incidence is 60-70 age group. BPH has a multi-factorial pathogenesis caused by involvement of prostate and bladder as well as disturbance in Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad Axis.
Keywords: Mootraghata, Vaatastheela, BPH
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ATATVABHINIVESHA AS MAHAGADA, AND ITS MODERN INTERPRETATION
Authors: Hegde Raviprasd , Shetty Suhas Kumar
Published: December 2021

Atatvabhinivesha is a disease explained only in Charaka Samhita and considered it as a difficult to treat mental disorder (Mahagada). Budhi Vibhramsha (loss of intellect) is the predominant symptom of Atatvabhinivesha. Be- cause of complete derangement of intellectual capacity person loses his insight towards disease, and self. Modern interpretation for Atatvabhinivesha can be done to the symptoms of Psychosis, where person loses insight and develops psychotic symptoms predominantly delusions and hallucinations.
Keywords: Atatvabhinivesha, Mahagada, Psychosis
NIDAN PANCHAKA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VISHAMAJWARA – A LITERARY REVIEW
Authors: Nigam Shivam Kumar , Singh Rita , Srivastava Sanjay
Published: December 2021

Nidan Panchaka is an important tool of diagnosis. Its five subtypes are Nidan, Poorvaroopa, Roopa, Samprapti and Upshaya. It is an important aspect to diagnose a disease and its stages. Nidan Panchaka not only gives the knowledge of diagnosis but also gives knowledge about prognosis, complications and differential diagnosis. Vi- shamajwara is a type of fever that is characterized by its irregularity. It has five subtypes. It is a very crucial dis- ease, and its features are like many diseases like Malaria, typhoid etc. Nidan Panchaka of Vishamajwara is scat- tered and not mentioned clearly in any Samhita. Here an attempt has been made to understand the Nidan Pancha- ka of Vishamajwara.
Keywords: Nidan, Poorvaroopa, Roopa, Samprapti, Upshaya, Vishamajwara
AYURVEDA APPROACH IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT TEAR OF KNEE
Authors: K Sreelatha , M.J George , R Kishor
Published: December 2021

The knee is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body. The two cruciate ligaments in the knee, anterior and posterior, are often referred to as the ‘crucial’ ligaments, because of their importance in providing knee stability. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most seen injury in sports and has a devastating influence on patients' activity levels and quality of life. Complete ACL rupture can induce other pathological knee conditions including knee instability, damage to menisci and the chondral surface, and osteoarthritis. Here a case report of a 28-year-old male who while playing football had a trauma to the right knee with a pop sound and acute pain at the time of incidence. He presented to the hospital with a knee which was swollen and tender. On MRI he was diagnosed with complete tear of ACL and grade II tear of lateral collateral ligament. A one-month Ayurveda treatment protocol was developed and followed for the patient. The patient was able to return to his daily activities without instability and also got relief from pain with noticeable improvement in the movement of knee joint.
Keywords: anterior cruciate ligament tear, knee joint, janu sandhi, bhagna
BAHIPARIMARJANA CHIKITSA OF SHOOLA
Authors: Ravindra Nagzarkar Akshayee , Ravindra Nagzarkar Amruta , Chinmay Kulkarni Supriya
Published: December 2021

To Study the Bahiparimarjana Chikitsa of Shoola from Bhruhatrayi and Laghutrayi. Pain is defined as an Unpleas- ant feeling that is conveyed to Brain by Sensory Neurons. It is an Unpleasant Sensation localised to a part of Body. It is often described in terms of Penetrating or Tissue Destructive Process of Bodily or Emotional Reaction. Pain is main reason for visiting Doctor in 50%of cases. It is a major Symptom in many Medical Conditions and can interfere with Persons quality of Life and General Functioning. Acute Pain is usually managed with Medications such as Analgesic and Anesthetics. Caffeine, Ibuprofen, Ketamine, Opioids are some Pain killers used to treat Pain. In Modern Medicine there are few external treatments to reduce Pain like Spray, Ointment and Gels. But on contrary Ayurveda has many Bahiparimarjana Chikitsa (External Treatments) to reduce Shoola (Pain) like Ahangya (Anointing), Snehana (Oil Massage), Swedan (Sudation), etc. These External Treatments work at Site of Shoola gets absorbed at Skin by Bhrajaka Pitta and medicine reaches to each Tissue of the Body and reduces Shoola. The Popular Verse “Vatat Dhrute Nasit Ruja” means Without Vata Dosha there Cannot be Pain indicates involvement of Vata Dosha in every Pain. The Best Medicine of Vata Dosha is Sneha (Oil/Ghee/ Muscle Fat / Bone Marrow). Vata Dosha and Taila (Oil) both have Opposite Qualities. According to “Samanya Vishesha Siddhant” VataDosha- has Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Rough), Sukshma (Minute), Shita (Cold), Chala (Movable) Guna (Qualities) whereas Sneha (Taila) is Guru (Heavy), Snigdha (Unctuous), Ushna (Warm) Guna. The Sneha reduces Vata Dosha and thereby helps in reducing Shoola. This Paper will emphasize on Types of Bahiparimarjana Chikitsa of Shoola, Number of Bahiparimarjana Chikitsa mentioned for particular type of Shoola and Mode of Action of Bahiparimar- jana Chikitsa.
Keywords: Shoola, Bahiparimarjana Chikitsa, Sthanika Shoola, Vyadhijanya Shoola, Vegadharanajanya Shoola.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS (ASTHIMAJJAGATA VATA) – A CASE STUDY
Authors: Deo Vaishnavi Sunil
Published: December 2021

Ankylosing Spondylitis is a type of arthritis that mostly affects spine and has a strong association with genetic marker HLAB27. The etiology of this disease is not much clear, but the pathogenesis can be ruled out to be immune mediated. Late adolescence or early adulthood is the prime age for the onset with symptoms ranging from dull pain with mild stiffness and reaching up to totally fused spine and severe hip joint arthritis. It has been seen that the patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis show a variety of symptoms which can be catego- rized according to Ayurveda under aamavata, vatarakta, sandhigatavata samavastha or asthimajjagata vata. Here in this case study the symptoms of the patients were much like asthimajjagata vata and the dosha dushti was lina up to asthi and majja dhatu, hence both shamana and panchakarma chikitsa by the means of basti was planned.
Keywords: Ankylosing Spondylitis, Arthritis, Asthimajjagata vata, Basti.