bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Culture Learning Management Al-Quran Model Tilawati to Improve Student Character
Authors: Umar Jaeni  , Ismet Basuki  , Moedjiarto
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the culture of learning, management functions, and the learning process of the Quran with the Tilawati model, as well as to determine the character development by learning the Quran with the Tilawati model at Junior High School Al Muslim of Sidoarjo, Islamic Junior High School of 1 Surabaya and Junior High School of 34 Surabaya. This study used a multi-case study research method with a purposive sampling technique with the research subjects, namely 3 schools. The collection is done by giving questions related to culture, learning management, and the learning process in the three schools. From the research it can be concluded that 1) The culture of learning Al-Quran with the Tilawati model provides a fairly good contribution to fostering student character, 2) The use of management science principles in the implementation of the Tilawati model of Al Quran learning program is very appropriate, 3) The learning process of the Al-Quran model consists of interrelated components, including; graduation targets about quality and quantity, curriculum, management of learning Al-Quran with the Tilawati model, 4) To foster 25 student characters through learning the Tilawati Al-Quran model is done by designing learning with syntax or learning stages that are systematically arranged. This research implies that it can be used as material to improve the implementation of the Al-Quran learning culture by developing modern learning management principles.
THE IMPACT CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON INTERNET FINANCIAL REPORTING: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM PALESTINE
Authors: Barakat Firas S. Q. , Perez M. Victoria Lopez , Ariza Lázaro Rodríguez , Barghouthi Orobah Ali , Islam K. M. Anwarul Islam
Published: November 2020

The current research investigates whether the difference in the Internet Financial Reporting standard is clarified by corporate governance. A study was carried out on a selection of 48 companies listed on the 2019 Palestine Stock Exchange. An index was also selected from several previous studies to assess the standard of Internet financial reporting. One of the first analytical researches to investigate the relationship between corporate governance and Internet Financial Reporting in Palestine is the latest analysis. Firstly, the scope of disclosure of Internet Financial Reporting in Palestinian businesses appears to be limited. Second, the educational history of boards is greatly related to Internet Financial Reporting. Nevertheless, the board independence coefficient and board audit committee are negligible. Thirdly, an important element in strengthening internet financial reporting standards is a broad audit company. Fourthly, there is a strong positive correlation between the concentration of ownership and financial reporting on the Internet. Companies mainly held by stakeholders are more likely to reveal internet data and to strengthen the reports released. Finally, profitability and market capitalization have a direct connection with Internet Financial Reporting, and Internet Financial Reporting does not justify the composition of the board, board meetings, international investors, and business size.
Graduate students share their experiences of building helping skills: A case study
Authors: Houdyshell Michael , Ziegler Natasha
Published: November 2020

Higher education needs individuals working with students to have the skills to handle a variety of issues related to success and well-being. Graduate programs preparing higher education professionals to work with students provide the opportunity for skill-building to occur. However, how do graduate students perceive their skill development in courses offered in a graduate program, specifically related to basic helping skills? This study, conducted in a College of Education at a university located in the southern United States posed two questions to find out more about the attributes graduate students contribute in the development of their knowledge of helping skills, and documenting the lived experiences of graduate students practicing helping skills. Five graduate students enrolled in a new course on helping skills were part of this case study. Three themes emerged after collecting and coding data during the course. The three themes were: building helping skills, confidence and comfortability, and multicultural, diversity and inclusion. The discussion section includes recommendations to always offer a helping skills course in graduation programs preparing individuals to work in higher education, any course on helping skills should have a multicultural focus, and the course curriculum should include a mix of clinical and practical elements.
Design Multi Input Automatic Identifier System Class B for Indonesian Fishery
Authors: Sumarudin A , Permana Putra Willy , Rifai Ahmad , Eko Putra Agfianto
Published: November 2020

The need for technology that can help Indonesian fishermen is needed to improve fishing yields. Based on BPS data Indonesian fishermen dropped from 1.7 million to 64 thousand in 2013. This is due to several factors, including unfavorable professions for fishermen. This is insufficient fishing equipment for fishing. One of them is the need for navigation tools that are easily understood by traditional fishermen and in accordance with the needs in fishing.we propose the design of Class B's Automatic Identifier System (AIS) to help fishermen navigate and find fish points. In this system we also propose determining the point of fish based on information from fishermen who are collectively collected by the fishermen. With this design it is hoped that the fish point can be shared with other fishermen. The result this design, it is expected to be able to assist fishermen in navigating using AIS so that fisherman security with AIS system with multiple sensor can be improved find the point of fish obtained from sending data from several fishermen and collect data weather for safety.
Fuzzy Decision Tree to Predict Student Success in Their Studies
Authors: Santoso Heri Bambang
Published: November 2020

The number of students graduating on time is one of the important aspects in the assessment of accreditation of a university. But the problem is still a lot of students who exceed the target time of graduation. Therefore, the prediction of graduation on time can serve as an early warning for the university management to prepare strategies related to the prevention of cases of drop out. The purpose of this research is to build a model using fuzzy decision tree to form the classification rules are used to predict the success of a student's study using fuzzy inference system. Results of this study was generated model of the number of classification rules are 28 rules when the value θr is 98% and θn is 3%, with the level of accuracy is 95.85%. Accuracy of Fuzzy ID3 algorithm is higher than ID3 algorithms in predicting the timely graduation of students.
Usability Testing on Android-based KMS for Pregnant Women using the USE Questionnaire
Authors: Tus Sadiah Halimah
Published: November 2020

An Android-based medicines knowledge management system (KMS) application has been built as a result of a research about the usage of medicines on pregnant women. Usability testing is needed to be used to measure the success rate of the implementation of this mobile application. In this study, the Usefulness, Satisfaction and Ease of Use (USE) Questionnaire method is used, with quantitative and qualitative analysis. Based on the test results, it shows that the KMS application for pregnant women has a high usability result, with each component score, namely Usefulness reaches 86%, Ease of Use of 86%, and Satisfaction of 84%. On average, 85% indicates that the Android-based medicines KMS application for pregnant women has high quality attributes in ease of use. In addition, this application already has criteria to meet the needs of users, especially pregnant women, to easily find information and knowledge about medicines that are safe to consume during pregnancy to relieve pain or pregnancy complaints.
On Generalization of Fibonacci, Lucas and Mulatu Numbers
Authors: Prabowo Agung
Published: November 2020

Fibonacci numbers, Lucas numbers and Mulatu numbers are built in the same method. The three numbers differ in the first term, while the second term is entirely the same. The next terms are the sum of two successive terms. In this article, generalizations of Fibonacci, Lucas and Mulatu (GFLM) numbers are built which are generalizations of the three types of numbers. The Binet formula is then built for the GFLM numbers, and determines the golden ratio, silver ratio and Bronze ratio of the GFLM numbers. This article also presents generalizations of these three types of ratios, called Metallic ratios. In the last part we state the Metallic ratio in the form of continued fraction and nested radicals.
Data Cleansing Strategies on Data Sets Become Data Science
Authors: Sardjono Sardjono , Alamsyah R. Yadi Rakhman , Marwondo Marwondo , Setiana Elia
Published: November 2020

The digital era very grows up with the increasing using of smartphone and many organization or companies was implemented of a system to support their business. That is who will increase the volume of usage and dissemination of data, neither through open nor closed internet networks. Because there is the need to process large data and how to get it from different store resource, so requirement strategy to process the data according to the rule of good, effective and efficient in activity data cleansing until the data set can be use as mature and very useful information for their business purpose. By using the R languaged who can process large data and has data complexity for the data loaded from different storage resource can be done as well as. To using R languaged maximally, so we have to a basic skill that needed to process the data set which will be used to be data scient for organizations or companies by good data cleansing techniques. In this research on Data Cleansing Strategies on data set owned by organizations,will describe the correct step by step to obtaining data that very useful to be uses as data science for organization so by the data that generated after the data cleansing process is very meaningful and useful for making decisions, other than that this research give basic overview and guide to the beginner all data scientists by doing data cleansing in the way stages and also provides a way to analyze from the result of execution some functions used.
Data Mining Implementation Using Naïve Bayes Algorithm and Decision Tree J48 In Determining Concentration Selection
Authors: Budiman Budiman , Nursyanti Reni , Alamsyah R Yadi Rakhman , Akbar Imannudin
Published: November 2020

Computerization of society has substantially improved the ability to generate and collect data from a variety of sources. A large amount of data has flooded almost every aspect of people's lives. AMIK HASS Bandung has an Informatic Management Study Program consisting of three areas of concentration that can be selected by students in the fourth semester including Computerized Accounting, Computer Administration, and Multimedia. The determination of concentration selection should be precise based on past data, so the academic section must have a pattern or rule to predict concentration selection. In this work, the data mining techniques were using Naive Bayes and Decision Tree J48 using WEKA tools. The data set used in this study was 111 with a split test percentage mode of 75% used as training data as the model formation and 25% as test data to be tested against both models that had been established. The highest accuracy result obtained on Naive Bayes which is obtaining a 71.4% score consisting of 20 instances that were properly clarified from 28 training data. While Decision Tree J48 has a lower accuracy of 64.3% consisting of 18 instances that are properly clarified from 28 training data. In Decision Tree J48 there are 4 patterns or rules formed to determine concentration selection so that the academic section can assist students in determining concentration selection.
INFORMAL RELATIONSHIPS ON EMPLOYEE JOB PERFORMANCE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Dorothée UWIMPUHWE
Published: November 2020

This research is aimed at determining and comparing the relationship between informal relationships and employee job performance in the selected technical secondary schools (TSSs) of Muhanga District, Southern Province, in Rwanda. The study was conducted in Ecole Secondaire Bulinga and College Saint Peter of Shyogwe. During this research, both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used in collecting and analyzing data. The population of the study was 43 employees where only 21 out of 26 employees of Ecole Secondaire Bulinga and 17 of College Saint Peter of Shyogwe contributed to the study. The primary data was collected using questionnaires, interviews, and observation; numerical data was analyzed by SPSS software version 22 using descriptive method and analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient to come up with its interpretation. This study was guided by a null hypothesis which presented no significant influence of informal relationships on employee job performance in the selected TSSs. The statistical evidence depicts that there is a moderate significant relationship between those variables as Pearson Correlation Coefficient is .659 showing a Positive Correlation for ESB while that of College Saint Peter of Shyogwe was .564 which is also positive and significant. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected while alternative hypothesis accepted and the researcher confirmed that there exists an influence of informal relationships on employee job performance in the selected TSSs. In the view of the findings derived from the study, some recommendations were made to the selected TSSs like setting informal relationships policies and strategies in order to prevent any negative outcome which can result from relationships that are detrimental to employee job performance and the overall organizational performance.
EFFECTS OF COPPER SULPHATE ON THE SURVIVAL OF FREE-LIVING STAGE OF SCHISTOCEPHALUS CORACIDIA
Authors:   Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, ISMAIL ZALINA , ABDUL MUTALIB ASILAH , ISMAIL FAZHANA , CHE MAN SHAIBATUL’ ISLAMIAH , AB LATIFF ZAHIDAH , ZAHALI ZUNURA’IN
Published: November 2020

Marine parks have existed in Malaysia for a long time, but some have neglected the economic roles these marine parks play. This research aims to find out the benefits and costs generated by the marine parks in Terengganu by using cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Through data collected from literature review, various websites and the Department of Marine Park’s annual statement, it is found that the marine parks generate benefits to all constituents, but in protecting environment these marine parks faced some problems. In order to achieve these marine parks goals, based on our findings, we suggest that these marine parks increase its entry charge to keep the sustainability of these marine parks which will be benefited to all constituents.
EFFECTIVENESS OF USING THE SYNTACTIC TREE STRUCTURE APPROACH IN TEACHING VOCABULARY TO LOW PROFICIENCY ESL LEARNERS
Authors:   UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU, LIM SHARON SUI-LIN , NIK NORDIN NIK IZYANI , ABDUL RASHID ROSYATI
Published: November 2020

Low proficiency ESL learners often encounter a lot of learning problems, particularly due to their lack of vocabulary, which is evident in their incorrect usage of words. This study was an attempt to aid 85 low proficiency ESL learners to easily comprehend the forms and functions of 80 target words, selected from the 2000 level General Word List, using the syntactic tree structure approach. Prior to the intervention, a vocabulary test based on 80 words, which were later introduced to the students in their course book, was administered to the students. The same test was given again to the students upon the completion of the third lesson. To determine the possible significant influence of the intervention, the pre-test and post-test data were analysed using the paired-samples t-test. The analysis yielded a significant result (t (84) = 7.31, p < .05 (two-tailed)). When the students’ mean test scores of the two tests were compared, a statistically significant increase of 7.5 points was observed, implying the success of the intervention. The calculated effect size was also large (ŋ=.39). However, since no control group was introduced in the study, caution should be taken in making any strong claims on a causal relationship.
PERCEIVED DIFFICULTIES IN LEARNING OF MANDARIN AMONG FOREIGN-LANGUAGE LEARNERS AND STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE THEM
Authors:   UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU, CHUA NURUL AIN , AHMAD TAJUDDIN AZZA JAUHAR , GOH YING SOON ,   UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, MOHD ZAID CHE
Published: November 2020

This study explored the hardship faced by foreign-language learners of Mandarin and the strategies applied to overcome them. Literature review found that technology created a positive effect that enhanced the learners’ achievement. Nevertheless, it was still doubtful how far the activities advocated by technology or its potential increase in motivation could boost the students’ learning. Most techniques, real expansions in education and competence had yet to be proven. The hardship and coping strategies were classified and examined according to quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings indicated that different learners experienced various levels of difficulty, and they had their own coping response. Gender and course stream did not seem to be associated with obstacles. The barriers that triggered incompetence and the ways that learners used to overcome them were explained. The grounds of hardship and response strategies were limited. The actual number of coping methods could be more than reported as learners tended to use whatever strategy that was convenient for them.
MENGUPAYAKAN PEMIKIRAN ARAS TINGGI: MENYEJAHTERAKAN MASYARAKAT MADANI
Authors:   UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU, MANSOR NOOR ROHANA
Published: November 2020

Masyarakat Madani Mengangkat Martabat Ummah memperlihatkan pernyataan tema yang sarat dengan maksud yang indah untuk dislogankan namun perlukan tindakan yang wajar untuk direalisasikan. Apatah lagi dalam keunikan masyarakat Malaysia yang mempamerkan kepelbagaian kaum, budaya dan agama, masih hidup dalam suasana harmoni. Namun, sejauh manakah Malaysia telah mencapai pembentukan sebuah masyarakat madani? Madani yang diertikan sebagai masyarakat yang maju dari segi pemikiran, kerohanian dan kebendaan serta beradab dan menyanjung tinggi nilai-nilai kemanusiaan. Menggarap pengertian ini memerlukan kekuatan dari akar umbi – individu, keluarga dan kumpulan yang membentuk masyarakat keseluruhannya. Pastinya kepelbagaian fokus dan aspek perlu diberi perhatian serius bagi merealisasikannya. Antaranya ialah agenda transformasi pendidikan negara dengan penekanan utama untuk mengembangkan potensi pemikiran aras tinggi pelajar perlu diupayakan dalam kalangan setiap individu yang menjadi elemen asas mencipta masyarakat madani. Matlamatnya untuk melahirkan generasi yang berupaya untuk mengurus tadbir akal dan fikiran dalam menangani pelbagai cabaran kehidupan dengan berkesan. Justeru, kertas kerja ini mengupas dan merungkaikan Model Kerangka Asas Berfikir yang telah diresolusikan untuk membudayakan pemikiran aras tinggi hasil daripada penyelidikan berterusan dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa dan merentas kurikulum pendidikan penggunaannya. Upaya untuk merealisasikan pemikiran aras tinggi pelajar dari akar umbi dalam pendidikan baik di peringkat rendah, menengah mahupun pengajian tinggi, model ini wajar difahami dan dihayati serta dipraktiskan dan diterapkan dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Penghayatan ilmu dan penguasaan kemahiran pemikiran aras tinggi dalam kalangan individu menjadi pemangkin ke arah pembentukan masyarakat madani yang maju, berkat dan sejahtera dalam mengangkat martabat ummah.
Assessing the assessment - Quality review of EIAs/SEAs: a Dutch perspective
Authors: Hoevenaars Gijs
Published: November 2020

For some time now, the Netherlands has been an authority in reviewing the quality of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) and Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEAs). The European Commission proposal amending the EIA Directive imposes an obligation on Member States to introduce a system of quality review. With regard to the current discussions in Europe on this subject, this article focuses on the Dutch experience with the quality review of EIA and SEA.
Topography and Climate of Iraq
Authors: Al-Ansari Nadhir
Published: November 2020

Iraq is located between geographic coordinates 33 00 N, 44 00 E, and occupies a
total area of 437,072 square kilometers. Land forms 432,162 square kilometers
while water forms 4,910 square kilometers of the total area. Iraq is bordered by
Turkey from the north. Iran from the east, Syria and Syria from the west, and Saudi
Arabia and Kuwait from the south. Iraq can be divided according to the nature of
the land terrain into 4 regions (Mountain Region, Plateau and Hills Regions, The
Mesopotamian plain and Jazera and Western Plateau). The climate is mainly of
continental, subtropical semi-arid type. The mountain region is of Mediterranean
climate. In general, rainfall occurs from December to February or November to
April in the mountain region. During winter the average daily temperature is about
16oC dropping at night to 2oC with possibility of frost. In summer however, it is
very hot with an average temperature of over 45oC during July and August dropping
to 25oC at night.
Keywords: Topography, Climate, Iraq.
Water Resources of Iraq
Authors: Al-Ansari Nadhir
Published: November 2020

Iraq relies in its water resources on the water of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and
their tributaries. The long-term average annual flow of the Euphrates River was 30
BCM while it is 21.2 BCM for the River Tigris. The tributaries of the Tigris River
contribute about 24.78 BCM and in addition, there are side valleys from the eastern
border that contributes at least 7 BCM. The flow of these rivers decreased for since
the seventies due to the hydrological projects built in riparian countries and climate
change. Now, the discharge of the Tigris River and its tributaries at Baghdad is
about 16 BCM while it is about 4.4 BCM in the Euphrates.
Keywords: Tigris, Euphrates, Tributaries, Shat al Arab, Iraq.
PATHOGENICITY OF FEED-BORNE BACILLUS CEREUS AND ITS IMPLICATION ON FOOD SAFETY
Authors: Haque M. Atique
Published: November 2020

Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) is a novel emerging pathogen contaminated extensively in animal feed and food chains, posing a huge economic loss for animal industry and high risk for human health. This pathogen is a robust omnipresent heat resistant spore former, able to form biofilm and isolated from different environments such as food and atmosphere that occur all year round without any particular geographic distribution. The potential of survival for B. cereus spores in unfavorable conditions pose a considerable threat to food safety and also cause economic losses to the food industry. B. cereus aggravates acute diarrhea and malnourishment in poultry by inducing gizzard erosion and ulceration (GEU). It will facilitate persistent other bacterial infection in the lungs via damaging gastric intestine tract. Also, it can cause serious food safety because it seems difficult to fully prevent their presence in food. It may cause gastrointestinal diseases that trigger emetic and diarrheal symptoms as well as general and local infections related to the respiratory tracts of immunologically threatened individual and newborns. B. cereus produces a wide range of potential virulence factors, including heat stable/labile toxins (cerulide, NHE, HBL, CytK, Ent-FM, bc-D-ENT, CLO, HlyII, HlyIII) and tissue-destructive enzymes (PI-PLC, PC-PLC, SMase, ?-lactamase, InhA1, NprA), but their roles and molecular mechanism in specific infections have not been clarified yet. This review provided a historical record of possible risk factors and pathogenesis of animal industry and highlights the implications for animal industry and food safety by ingestion of the feed-borne Bacillus cereus.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF AVIAN INFLUENZA (H9) AND NEWCASTLE DISEASE (THERMOSTABLE I-2 STRAIN) BIVALENT VACCINE FOR COMMERCIAL POULTRY
Authors: Mahmood M. Shahid
Published: November 2020

The goal of current research was production of bivalent adjuvant based inactivated I-2 strain of Newcastle Disease (ND) and Avian Influenza (AI) vaccine and to compare efficacy with commercially available bivalent inactivated vaccine. Experiment was carried out on one-day-old broiler chicks by dividing them into 3 groups A, B & C. Vaccine was injected on 7, 14, 21 and 28 day. Blood samples were collected on 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 day. Results of Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test presented the geometric mean titers of group A and B were <1:4, 1:18.8, 1:115.2, 1:358.4, 1:128 & <1:4, 1:8.4, 1:36.8, 1:56, 1:22.4 respectively for AI. Similarly the geometric mean titers of group A and B were <1:4, 1:19.6, 1:89.6, 1:320, 1:115.2 & <1:4, 1:9.2, 1:25.6, 1:36.8, 1:22.4, respectively for ND. However, control group showed <1:4 geometric mean titer. The challenge was given on 28th day and birds were monitored for next 7 days for clinical signs. The chicks of group A showed no clinical signs of diseases (AI, ND). However, in group B 60% morbidity and 90% mortality was recorded on 4th and 6th day of post challenge, respectively. While 100% mortality was recorded in control group.
Influence diagnostics for multivariate growth curve models
Authors: LING YUN , ANDERSON STEWART J. , BILONICK RICHARD A. , WOLLSTEIN GADI , SCHUMAN JOEL S.
Published: November 2020

Research has shown that in mixed effect longitudinal models, influential observations can have a large effect on the estimates of subject-specific parameters. Furthermore, they cannot always be detected by the classical Cook’s distance due to potentially large between subject variation. Thus, influential observations should be approached by conditioning on the subjects. However, no rigorous approach has been developed for influential observation detection for multivariate longitudinal mixed models where more than one response is measured for each subject at each time point. We propose a multivariate conditional Cook’s distance for this more general situation. Examples are given to illustrate how the influential observation in one characteristic changes the effects of both characteristics.
Fractional logistic regression for censored survival data
Authors: Tang Shaowu , Jeong Jong-Hyeon , Song Chi
Published: November 2020

In the analysis of time-to-event data, e.g. from cancer studies, the group effect of main interest such as treatment effect of a chemo-therapy often needs to be adjusted by confounding factors (possibly continuous) such as hormonal receptor status, age at diagnosis, and pathological tumor size, when the study outcome
is affected by their imbalanced distributions across the comparison groups. The median, or quantile, is a popular summary measure for censored survival data due to its robustness. In this paper, first the logistic regression is extended to fractional responses transformed from censored survival data, which can directly
predict conditional survival probabilities beyond a fixed time point given covariates. As a special case, we construct a median test for censored survival data that can be used to assess a group effect adjusting for the potentially multiple confounding factors. A quasi-likelihood-based inference procedure is adopted to construct the test statistic. Simulation studies show empirical type I error probabilities and powers for the adjusted two-sample median test are reasonable. The method is illustrated with a breast cancer data set.
A comparison of internal validation methods for validating predictive models for binary data with rare events
Authors: Mondol Momenul Haque , Rahman M. Shafiqur
Published: November 2020

In clinical research, prediction models for binary data are frequently developed in logistic regression framework to predict the risk of patient’s health status such as death and illness. However, when the outcome is rare, the maximum likelihood (ML) based standard logistic regression has been reported to show poor
predictive performance by providing overfitted model. To overcome this, penalized maximum likelihood (PML) based logistic models are being widely used in risk prediction, however, their predictive performance in validation settings is not well-documented. Several validation approaches, namely split-sample, crossvalidation, bootstrap validation and its two variants 0.632 and 0.632+, have been widely used to validate the performance of a prediction model, however, it is also unclear which one of these approaches best for estimating accurate predictive performance of a rare-outcome model. This paper focused on evaluating predictive performance of PML based logistic model in such validation settings in comparison with ML based standard model and identifying the effective validation method. An extensive simulation study was performed by creating several scenarios to reflect modeling in dataset with few events. The results revealed that PML based model showed better performance by reducing overfitting to some extent and increasing discriminatory ability over ML based model, irrespective of validation methods under study. Of the validation methods, regular bootstrap and its variants 0.632 and 0.632+, particularly 0.632+, performed well by providing
nearly accurate and stable estimate of the true predictive performance. We also illustrated the methods applying them to cardiac data set with few events.
Survival analysis of recurrent events on prostate cancer: facts from cancer genome
Authors: Rahman Farhin , Begum Munni
Published: November 2020

Many diseases and clinical outcomes may recur to the same patient. These events are termed as recurrent events. Several statistical models have been proposed in the literature to analyze recurrent events. In this study, we identify the clinical and the genetic risk factors for recurring tumors among prostate cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Five statistical approaches for modeling recurrent time-to-event are implemented to identify and to determine the effects of the clinical and the genetic risk factors of tumor recurrence. In particular, we consider Andersen-Gill (A-G), Wei-Lin-Weissfeld (WLW), Prentice-Williams-Peterson Total Time (PWP-TT), Prentice-Williams-Peterson Gap Time (PWPGT) and Frailty models. We present and discuss the risk factors influencing the recurrence of tumors and their impacts in prostate cancer patients obtained from five commonly used models in this paper.
On shrinkage and selection: ANOVA model
Authors: Saleh A. K. Md. Ehsanes , Arashi M. , Norouzirad M. , Kibria B M Goalm
Published: November 2020

This paper considers the estimation of the parameters of an ANOVA model when sparsity is suspected. Accordingly, we consider the least square estimator (LSE), restricted LSE, preliminary test and Stein-type estimators, together with three penalty estimators, namely, the ridge estimator, subset selection rules
(hard threshold estimator) and the LASSO (soft threshold estimator). We compare and contrast the L2-risk of all the estimators with the lower bound of L2-risk of LASSO in a family of diagonal projection scheme which is also the lower bound of the exact L2-risk of LASSO. The result of this comparison is that neither LASSO nor the LSE, preliminary test, and Stein-type estimators outperform each other uniformly. However, when the model is sparse, LASSO outperforms all estimators except “ridge” estimator since both LASSO and ridge are L2-risk
equivalent under sparsity. We also find that LASSO and the restricted LSE are L2-risk equivalent and both outperform all estimators (except ridge) depending on the dimension of sparsity. Finally, ridge estimator outperforms all estimators uniformly. Our finding are based on L2-risk of estimators and lower bound of the
risk of LASSO together with tables of efficiency and graphical display of efficiency and not based on simulation.
Bone cutter versus plastibell device in neonatal circumcision: A randomized trial
Authors: Talabi Ademola Olusegun , Udie Gabriel Unimke , Sowande Oludayo Adedapo , Oni Owolabi , Adejuyigbe Olusanya
Published: November 2020

Background: Several techniques and devices have been described for circumcision each with its own pros and cons. The objective of this study was to compare the outcome of neonatal circumcision between bone-cutter and plastibell devices at our institution.
Methods: This is a randomized trial (unregistered) conducted at the Pediatric Surgical Unit of a tertiary teaching hospital situated in a semi-urban setting, between January 2019 and December 2019. The uncircumcised neonates underwent circumcision by either bone-cutter or plastibell device. Demographic characteristics, operative time, estimated blood loss, and postoperative complications were compared. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The age ranged between 7 days and 30 days with a mean of 15.9±5.5 days. The mean age and weight of both groups were well matched (p >0.05). The operative time in the bone cutter technique was 4.2±0.9 minutes compared to 5.8±1.2 minutes in the plastibell device method (p <0.001). Blood loss was lesser with bone cutter (0.27 ±0.32mls versus 0.51 ±0.44mls in the plastibell device, p <0.001). The complication rates were comparable in both study groups (p =1.000). The overall complication rate was 5.8%. The penile perception score and the Hollander wound evaluation score for bone-cutter were 15.7±0.8 and 5.7±0.84 while in the plastibell device were 15.4±1.1 and 5.4±1.1, respectively (p >0.05).
Conclusion: Operative time and blood loss were less with bone cutter compared to plastibell device. However, the complication rate, penile perception score, and Hollander wound evaluation scores were similar.
Beliefs and knowledge of Osteoporosis amongst female graduate students in Karachi, Pakistan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shaheera Kamal  , Syed Muhammad Mubeen  , Sufiyan Kamal  , Syed Muhammad Mubashir
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective: To assess the knowledge, belief and preventive measures taken regarding osteoporosis by students of different non-medical educational backgrounds.

Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March, 2018, at one private-sector and two public-sector universities in Karachi, and comprised female participants aged >15 years from engineering, commerce, social and pure sciences background.  Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool questionnaire was self-administered to collect data which was analysed using SPSS 23.

Results: There were 400 females with a mean age of 20.55±1.66 years. The overall mean score was 46.49±12.83 and 43(10.8) subjects had a good score, 204(51%) had an average score and 150(37%) had a poor score regarding knowledge about osteoporosis.  Also, 186(47%) subjects identified previous studies as their source about osteoporosis, 103(26%) gained knowledge by health professionals and 62(16%) did it through electronic media. The knowledge on risk factors, protective factors and perceived susceptibility were significant (p<0.05) when compared by type of study and age.

Conclusion: The knowledge of the disease was found to be insufficient, indicating need for generating awareness regarding osteoporosis.

Key Words: Osteoporosis, Bone loss, Age-related, women, Post-menopausal. Continuous...
Status of chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in Pakistan
Authors: Salman Imtiaz  , Ashar Alam
Published: November 2020

Abstract

The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rising all over the world. Developing countries like Pakistan will be most affected due to the prevalence of risk factors associated with CKD, such as diabetes, hypertension, kidney stone, and infections. Chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) is an emerging CKD recently recognised in agricultural communities all around the world. CKDu is recognised, mostly in men between 20 and 50 years of age, with no symptoms, having normal or borderline elevated blood pressure with normal blood glucose levels. Their ultrasonography manifests small kidneys. Urine examinations reveal no or minimal proteinuria, few red blood cells and leukocytes. The actual prevalence in Pakistan is unknown but it is not infrequent for nephrologists and physicians to see these patients in hospitals. There is a need to look into this entity at the community level.

Continuous...
Cesarean-sections and early initiation of breast-feeding practices in tertiary care hospitals of Islamabad
Authors: Urooj Aqeel  , Ramesh Kumar  , Ukasha Ishfaq
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective: To assess the effect of caesarean section and factors influencing early initiation of breastfeeding by mothers.

Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Pakistan Institute Of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, and Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, from November 2016 to January 2017, and comprised women who had given birth through caesarean section. Data was collected using a standardised questionnaire which was modified accordingly. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.

Results: Of the 150 subjects ahed 18-49 years, 95(63.3%) breastfed their babies but not within the initial hour of the birth, as 104(69.3%) were in the recovery room post-surgery. As such, 141(94%) of the infants were given formula feeds. Overall, 120(80%) babies met their mother between 1 and five hours. In 54(57%) babies, breastfeeding was started within 6-12 hours after birth, and 149(98.7%) women had postoperative pain which delayed initiation of breastfeeding.

Conclusion: Caesarean sections were found to be associated with reduced breastfeeding rates in the initial one hour post-surgery.

Key Words: Caesarean section, Mode of birth, Vaginal delivery, Breastfeeding, Postpartum. Continuous...
Model Kebahagiaan Hidup Pelajar Universiti Berdasarkan Faktor Kesihatan Mental, Kecerdasan Spiritual dan Demografi
Authors: Bin Mat Wajar Muhammad Salehan AlHafiz , Hamzah Rohana
Published: November 2020

Kebahagiaan hidup merupakan salah satu faktor yang boleh memberi kesan ke atas prestasi akademik pelajar. Sorotan kajian lepas mendapati bahawa antara faktor penyumbang utama kepada kebahagiaan hidup pelajar ialah kesihatan mental dan kecerdasan spiritual. Tahap kebahagiaan hidup juga berbeza bagi setiap pelajar bergantung kepada faktor demografi mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian lanjutan perlu dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti sejauh mana kesihatan mental dan kecerdasan spiritual boleh mempengaruhi kebahagiaan hidup dan prestasi akademik dalam konteks pelajar universiti di Malaysia. Kajian mengenai pengaruh faktor demografi seperti jantina, tahun pengajian dan agama terhadap tahap kebahagiaan hidup pelajar juga masih belum diterokai sepenuhnya. Oleh itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan sebuah model konseptual kebahagiaan hidup pelajar daripada aspek kesihatan mental, kecerdasan spiritual dan demografi berdasarkan sorotan kajian lepas dan teori-teori berkaitan seperti Teori Psikologi Positif Seligman (2003), Teori Kecerdasan Spiritual Amram (2008) dan Teori Kesejahteraan Subjektif Diener (1984). Model yang dibangunkan ini boleh dijadikan rujukan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara kesihatan mental, kecerdasan spiritual dan demografi dengan kebahagiaan hidup dan prestasi akademik pelajar universiti di negara ini.
Isu Kejurulatihan Pidato dalam kalangan Guru Bahasa Melayu di Sekolah Rendah: Satu Tinjauan Umum
Authors: Madun Mohd. Farik , Mosin Musirin
Published: November 2020

Kertas kajian berbentuk tinjauan umum ini dihasilkan adalah untuk meninjau isu-isu kejurulatihan pidato dalam kalangan guru Bahasa Melayu di sekolah rendah. Penulisan ini menekankan isu dan kelompongan berkaitan pengajaran kemahiran berpidato dalam bidang pendidikan terutamanya di peringkat sekolah rendah. Artikel ini juga menunjukkan dapatan tinjauan umum berkaitan isu-isu pengajaran kemahiran berpidato di dalam dan di luar negara. Tuntasnya, dapatan penulisan ini membuktikan bahawa wujud keperluan membangunkan modul kejurulatihan pidato kepada guru Bahasa Melayu di sekolah rendah hasil daripada penerokaan literatur yang diperoleh. Penulisan ini diharap dapat memberikan sumbangan dalam bidang ilmu dan sorotan literatur kepada pengkaji yang lain.
Constructing the Palestinian Nation Via Narration and Attachment in Mornings in Jenin: A Postcolonial Perspective
Authors: Ferhood Majeed Abjel , Janoory Lajiman
Published: November 2020

This article aims at carving the Palestinian nation in the global map via narration. As an artistic genre, Susan Abulhawa's Mornings in Jenin (2010) is a reaction against the methodical Jewish plan that powerfully strives to erase the Palestinians and their state from the universal map in the aftermath the turning event of the 1948 catastrophe. The article traces actions and behaviours of the immigrated Palestinian characters whose minds, souls and bodies have a strong attachment to their native homeland. Based on the notable post-colonial theorist Homi Bhabha’s theory of nation, I do a careful reading of the Susan Abulhawa's novel within the theoretical framework of postcolonial criticism. Homi Bhabha encourages the people of the colonized nations including the Palestinians to restore their stolen homelands by narration and a permanent reminiscence. The study concludes that the Palestinians will not forget their case forever. The continuation of narrating the Palestinian story will doubtless abort the colonialism.
Factors Influencing Mathematics Performance among Secondary School Students
Authors: Che Yusof Nur Syaliza Hanim , Ismail Idari , Abd Razak Nor Fatihah , Ibrahim Fatashya Izliana , Mohd Pu'ad Naqibatunnazakat , Ramali Nur Syahira
Published: November 2020

Mathematics is one of the subject that continuously learn from kindergarten up to university level. From simple learning numbers until the complex level, mathematics is one of core subject that need to be mastered in Malaysia. This study aims to identify significant factors that influencing mathematics performance among secondary school in East Coast areas. The factors that being studies are learning style, self-motivation and study environment. Besides, some of demographic variables also being studied. There are 223 students from four different secondary schools in East Coast area were involved as respondents for this study. Questionnaire was given and Multiple Linear Regression was applied. It was found that self-motivation is a significant factor that influences mathematics performance. This shows that student who highly motivated will perform better in mathematics subject.
Papua Barat Sebagai Provinsi Konservasi
Authors: Warami Hugo
Published: November 2020

Kajian ini bertujuan mengungkap tentang upaya Pemerintah Provinsi Papua Barat dalam menghadirkan Provinsi Konservasi dalam perspektif sosial budaya. Provinsi konservasi dicanangkan dalam rangka mempertahankan kelestarian lingkungan dan kesinambungan keutuhan alam agar sumber daya alam tetap terjaga pengelolaannya serta keutuhan ekosistemnya. Sebagai produk legitimasi konstitusi, Provinsi Konservasi dalam perspektif sosial budaya dimaknai sebagai relasi antara entiti yang satu dengan entiti yang lain mampu mengekspresikan keharmonisan lingkungan melalui prinsip noken konservasi.
Sistem Ekonomi Tradisional Orang Keerom di Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Marit Sanggenafa Elisabeth Lenny
Published: November 2020

Kajian ini bertujuan menggambarkan fakta bahwa aktiviti orang Keerom dalam sistem ekonomi tradisional dapat dilakukan dengan cara yang sangat sederhana, berdasarkan kebiasaan dan adat istiadat serta diwarisi turun temurun hingga saat ini. Sebagai wilayah yang berbatasan langsung dengan Negara tetangga Papua New Guinea, Kabupaten Keerom menjadi salah satu fokus yang dibahaskan dalam artikel ini. Ada empat permasalahan pokok dalam Sistem Ekonomi Tradisional Orang Keerom Papua dapat dibahaskan berdasarkan pendekatan etnografi (antropologi-ekonomi), yakni (1) Kondisi Sistem Ekonomi Tradisional, (2) Respons Terhadap Inovasi Baru, (3) Sistem Ekonomi Subsistem; dan (4) Pergeseran dan Pertumbuhan Sistem Ekonomi.
Hubungan Kaum dalam Kawasan Rukun Tetangga (KRT) di Pantai Barat Sabah
Authors: Mohd Tamring Budi Anto , Esa Mohd Sohaimi , Ibrahim Mohd Azri
Published: November 2020

Matlamat penubuhan Rukun tetangga pada awalnya adalah untuk memastikan keselamatan penduduk terjamin tetapi sedikit demi sedikit sehingga kini telah melalui perubahan kepada pelaksanaan atau penganjuran pelbagai program yang lebih bersifat menuntut kerjasama dan interaksi dalam kalangan penduduk. Kewujudan rukun tetangga ini memainkan peranan yang besar dalam mengekalkan hubungan yang baik antara penduduk pelbagai kaum dan agama di sesuatu kawasan petempatan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif yang melibatkan seramai 357 orang responden untuk menjelaskan bagaimana hubungan masyarakat pelbagai etnik dan agama di kawasan rukun tetangga yang terlibat. Hasil kajian mendapati, hubungan kaum dan agama di kawasan rukun tetangga di Pantai Barat Sabah adalah baik dan rukun tetangga telah menyebabkan interaksi masyarakat pelbagai etnik dan agama semakin baik.
An Assessment of the Implementation Impact of SURE-P Intervention on Maternal Mortality in the Selected Local Governments in Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Jibrin Abubakar Mohammed , Tayeb Azmil Muhammad , Razali Siti Zuliha
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to explore the implementation of the SURE-P intervention on primary healthcare among the selected local government areas of Niger State, Nigeria. In these local governments, the primary health centers are not enough, and the existing ones are dilapidated with the absence of facilities needed to operate effectively. To access medical services, some communities must travel long distances, resulting in high mortality rates. This study examined the perceptions of Desk Officers regarding implementing the SURE-P intervention in primary healthcare among the selected local government. A descriptive design within the qualitative tradition was used in the Study. Thirteen SURE-P desk officers from the state and selected local governments were purposively selected as participants for this study. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and a thematic framework was used for interpretation. The results revealed that the primary healthcare SURE-P initiative had improved access to medical facilities across the selected local governments, resulting in a slide reduction in maternal motility. Furthermore, there was a lack of adequate assessment of needs, insufficient funding, relatively low inclusion, and political pressure in the implementation process. Based on findings, it is recommended that the SURE-P intervention be sustained, adequately financed, that the community members' priority needs should be addressed, that the community members should be more inclusive, and track the implementation of the SURE-P intervention.