bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrologic engineering methods for developing project design criteria
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Although the primary orientation of the IHD program has been toward scientific research in hydrology, it has been recognized that attention must also be given to improving methods and criteria for the use of available information, as well as new research findings, in order to improve the efficiency of planning and design of water resource systems. The Corps of Engineers has long had a traditional and active interest in water resources development, and has been much concerned with problems of design criteria. The Corps has therefore undertaken this project, ‘Hydrologic Engineering Methods for Developing Project Design Criteria,’ as part of its contribution to the United States program for the IHD.

Specifically, the purpose of the project is to develop, test, and document hydrologic engineering methods suitable for use in the planning and design of water resources systems, giving special attention to situations in which hydrologic records are deficient with respect to time, accuracy, or coverage. The major contribution of the project will be a report that, together with appropriate supplemental documents, will be devoted to procedures that are particularly useful in organizing and conducting hydrologic engineering studies and to the review of methods that are suitable for various analyses and computations. Basic principles, concepts, and suggested limits of applicability will be summarized to serve as general background in the description of methods and procedures.
Tectonics of the San Andreas Fault System strain studies
Authors: Raleigh C. B. , Burford R. O.
Published: October 2011

The recording of surface displacement and tilts that appear to occur prior to large earthquakes offers one of the more promising approaches to the problem of earthquake prediction. Strain and in‐situ stress studies are fundamental to solving the problem of the mechanics of faulting. The U. S. Geological Survey has installed a network of monuments for measurement of displacements and strains along the San Andreas fault system (Figure 1).

The measurements taken are of three types: 1. Trilateration and triangulation with geodimeter and theodolite on quadrilateral figures spanning the fault and having side lengths of 1 to 10 km. Measurements of two of these figures, at San Andreas Lake and Black Mountain, have been repeated several times over the last 2½ years. Three additional figures have recently been installed, two along the San Andreas fault and one on the Calaveras fault. 2. Alignment on monument arrays 100–200 meters in length crossing the active trace of the fault. The measurement yields the horizontal component of motion parallel to the fault trace for 10 to 20 monuments in each array. 3. A precise level line at San Andreas Lake.
Secular strain and earthquakes near Denver
Authors: Major M. W. , Romig P. R.
Published: October 2011

About 1600 earthquakes of Richter magnitude 0.7–5.3 have occurred in NE Denver since April 24, 1962. These events have a normal frequency vs magnitude distribution (b is about 0.8) and therefore cannot be considered to have reduced the probability of the future occurrence of a larger event.

This report describes (1) certain gross features of the active zone, (2) a source mechanism for the largest event to date, and (3) the strain variations, at a point in the active zone, since November 1967.
Observation of tilting of the ground due to Matsushiro swarm earthquakes
Authors: Hagiwara Takahiro
Published: October 2011

In connection with the Matsushiro swarm earthquakes that began in August 1965, the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, conducted continuous observation of tilting of the ground at Matsushiro. Two components of a water‐tube tiltmeter 40 meters in length and two components of a horizontal pendulum tiltmeter were installed in a vault of the Matsushiro Seismological Observatory of the Japan Meteorological Agency in the outskirts of the town of Matsushiro.

We observed very large changes in the inclination of the ground. The changes were greatest in the third stage of seismic activity, the speed of tilt reaching 0.7 inch per day. Since these changes were strongly correlated with seismic activity, tiltmeter observation provided powerful data for a long‐range estimate of seismic activity.
Studies of Matsushiro earthquakes: 4. Observation of microearthquakes around Mt. Minakami
Authors: Wantanabe H. , Nakamura M. , Kuroiso A. , Akamatus J. , Mikumo T. , Oike K. , Watanabe K.
Published: October 2011

In 1966, local cracks formed on the ground surface in the northeast area of Mt. Minakami (see Figure 16). These cracks run almost parallel, and the general trend can be traced to a distance of 1.5 km in the NW‐SE direction. The leveling survey made by the Earthquake Research Institute (ERI) indicates an extraordinary uplift of the ground in the area relative to surrounding regions. The triangular survey by the Geographical Survey Institute covering a wider area also shows horizontal ground movements toward the NW and SE directions being bounded by the area. This situation suggests the possibility that the ground cracks might be related to a latent fault movement caused by tectonic forces working in the whole region. For this reason, we made a temporary observation of microearthquakes around the area in question. The purpose of the observation was focused to examine a possible correlation between the spatial distribution of microearthquakes and the local cracks or latent faults.
The triggering of large earthquakes by Earth tides
Authors: Knopoff Leon
Published: October 2011

Four results have been obtained in a study of statistics of earthquake sequences.

A method has been devised for constructing a catalog of events, which has a statistically significant likelihood of containing all events with magnitudes greater than a certain cutoff. The method of obtaining this cutoff is to construct what is well known to the statistician as contingency tables for the likelihood that shocks of a given magnitude follow consecutively upon shocks of another given magnitude. Highly nonrandom distributions of magnitude contingencies are rejected.
A resistivity variometer
Authors: Rikitake T.
Published: October 2011

An unusually sensitive variometer for measuring changes in the earth's resistivity has been constructed by Yamazaki of the Earthquake Research Institute. The working principle of the variometer is similar to what we call the four‐pole method for measuring earth resistivity. When 67 cps electric currents are made to flow into the ground through the two outer electrodes, a voltage appears between the two inner electrodes. The voltage can be balanced by another voltage taken from the power source through a transformer. The system is automated in such a way that a small deviation voltage drives a servomotor, which makes the balance recover again by rotating a variable resistance. The rotation of the motor then represents changes in the earth's resistivity.
Investigation of active crust by means of geodetic surveys in Japan
Authors: Harada Yoshimichi
Published: October 2011

The Geographical Survey Institute has conducted the repetition of geodetic surveys, the periods of which are 5 years in the first‐order leveling and the first‐ and second‐order magnetic surveys, and 10 years in the first‐order triangulation and second‐order gravity survey in all of Japan. Besides these, 12 quadrilaterals are intended to be reoccupied every two years. These works are expected to be useful for the prediction of large earthquakes through clarification of the detailed behavior of the crustal activities of the Japanese Islands.
Geodimeter network in central Honshu, Japan
Authors: Kasahara Keichi
Published: October 2011

The Earthquake Research Institute has been testing patroling geodimeter surveys in Honshu, Japan, since 1963 to establish effective monitoring system of crustal related to seismic activities. Among fifteen sites of base‐line network for this purpose, those in the Matsushiro a underwent the most dramatic during the period of swarm activity there.

The mode of the deformation's is reviewed referring to other sorts geodetic and seismological materials. Observational data at the remaining sites will also presented together with short remarks future problems.
Third international symposium on equatorial aeronomy
Authors: Cain Joseph C. , Wright R. H. W.
Published: October 2011

Almost 200 scientists from over 20 countries attended the Third International Symposium on Equatorial Aeronomy at Ahmedabad, India, early this February. The Physical Research Laboratory (V. A. Sarabhai, Director) was the local host for the meeting. Following inaugural addresses by V. A. Sarabhai, K. R. Ramanathan, and Sydney Chapman, the delegates launched into five full days of scientific meetings arranged by a committee headed by R. H. W. Wright (Jamaica).

The fifteen separate sessions concentrated on the neutral constituents, ionosphere, magnetic changes, and emissions from the upper atmosphere in low latitudes presenting results from numerous techniques including rocket probes and satellites. Since the formal meetings were all held in a week, the review papers opening each session were limited to 30 minutes and each following speaker confined to 5 minutes and 3 slides. Skillful management of the program and flexible scheduling of special sessions resulted in a successful airing of interesting topics as they developed.
Conference on Condensation and Ice Nuclei
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The 7th International Conference on Condensation and Ice Nuclei will be held September 18–20, 1969, in Prague, and September 22–24, in Vienna. The conference is under the sponsorship of the Subcommittee on Nucleation of the International Commission on Cloud Physics, International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. The Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences and the Austrian Academy of Sciences will sponsor the conferences in their respective localities. Physical chemistry and photo‐chemistry of aerosols, particularly with respect to nucleation, the methodology of the measurement of condensation and ice nuclei, and condensation and ice nuclei in cloud formation will be the main topics discussed.
Sydney‐Boulder Astrophysics Association
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The University of Colorado has signed an agreement formalizing a longstanding exchange of American and Australian scientists. The agreement establishes the Sydney‐Boulder Astrophysics Association, an administrative unit of the University of Colorado and the University of Sydney, to promote cooperative research programs in solar and atomic physics. The association's principal members are the University of Colorado and the University of Sydney but additional American members, called Associated Institutions, include: the Boulder Research Laboratories of the Environmental Science Services Administration; the Boulder Laboratories of the National Bureau of Standards; Sacramento Peak Observatory, Sunspot, New Mexico; and the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy.
Solicitation for participation in early instrument development and mission planning for a Mariner Venus‐Mercury flyby mission
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Planetary Programs Office of NASA is soliciting proposals for participation by scientists in the early development of instruments and in mission planning for a Mariner Venus‐Mercury flyby mission. It is planned that the trajectory to Mercury will swing the spacecraft by Venus, where a gravity assist will send it on to Mercury. The report of the Space Science Board, dated June 1968, recommends that this type of mission be performed in the 1973–1975 time period. Authorization for such a mission to take advantage of the 1973 opportunity has been requested in the Fiscal Year 1970 budget currently being reviewed by Congress.
Welcome to JGR III: The President's Page
Authors: Landsberg H. E.
Published: October 2011

Scientific societies are generally staid and conservative. When progress makes changes inevitable, the circumstances are more often than not met by spawning a new society. Adaptation by internal change is not the rule. AGU fortunately is an exception, albeit an occasionally reluctant one. Yet the organization has shown notable flexibility in adapting to new challenges. Our constantly evolving section structure is a good example.
Lunar sample handling
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The return of samples from the moon by the Apollo Project which is expected to occur this summer, offers the first opportunity to study the properties of extraterrestrial materials that have been brought to the surface of the earth under controlled conditions from a known locality. A large amount of information has been collected over the past century on meteorites, our only extraterrestrial samples at present, but it is unclear precisely where meteorites originate. Some meteorites may originate from the moon as secondary ejecta from meteoroid or asteroid impacts, but which meteorites may represent lunar material, if any, is a controversial question. Also, the meteorites have entered the atmosphere and been ablated and contaminated with atmospheric gases; and upon impact with the earth's surface, they have been contaminated with terrestrial organic and inorganic compounds. The lunar samples will not only have the significant advantage of coming from a known locality with certain field information and observations, but through careful handling and contamination control much of the information lost in meteorites can be preserved in the lunar samples.
Arctic pressure ridges studied
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A way to break passage and maintain shipping lanes through the massive ice blockades of the Arctic Ocean is the objective of a scientific research project sponsored by the U.S. Coast Guard. Pressure ridges created by the piling‐up of ice floes have an average dimension of 15 feet above to 40 feet below the surface of the water, but may range from 40 feet above to 160 feet below.
Highlights of the Council Meeting
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Council met at the Sheraton‐Park Hotel, Washington, D.C., on April 20, 1969. Those items discussed that will have a strong impact on the membership in the next few months are given below.

Budget and Finance. Chairman Boyd Olsen reported that action would have to be taken at once to ensure that the Union does not incur a substantial deficit in 1969 due largely to increases in printing costs. The Council authorized the Officers of the Union to initiate action to keep this deficit at a minimum. [Since the Council Meeting the Officers, after consulting with the editors and the Chairmen of the Publications Planning Committee and the Budget Committee, have authorized an increase in the page charge for the Journal of Geophysical Research and Water Resources Research for all articles over 4 pages, and have decided to defer the Directory of Members for publication in 1969, until 1970. They have also established a limit on the number of pages in the 1969 volumes of the Journal of Geophysical Research, Water Resources Research, and Reviews of Geophysics.]
The University of Arizona's gravity survey program
Authors: Summer J. S. , West R. E.
Published: October 2011

The Geophysics Laboratory at the University of Arizona has had a continuing interest in making and analyzing gravity measurements over the state for a variety of purposes. Gravity work has continued at an increasing level of activity since the last report of this sort made to the American Geophysical Union [Sumner, 1965]. Master's and doctoral theses have been completed on the Tucson area [Abuajamieh, 1966], in the Tucson basin [Davis, 1967], and near Nogales in the Ruby quadrangle [Hench, 1968]. Other academic gravity survey work is now underway in the Avra valley immediately west of Tucson, in Walnut Gulch near Tombstone, in the Sulfur Springs and San Pedro valleys, in the vicinity of the Tonto Forest Seismological Observatory near Payson, and in the Flagstaff area.
Progress of tektite studies in China
Authors: Barnes Virgil E.
Published: October 2011

A field study by Lee Da‐ming of tektites on Leichow Peninsula and Hainan Island, published in 1963 in Scientia Geologica Sinica, is the first contribution from China on the tektite problem. This paper gives data additional to that of Lacroix on the occurrence and chemistry of tektites in China; the discussion of the stratigraphic occurrence of Chinese tektites is also of particular interest, as it helps to establish the age of Southeast Asian tektites.

Lee Da‐ming's study was made under the direction of C. J. Peng, who is presently at the University of Hong Kong. Peng brought this paper to my attention, and kindly translated it for me during the course of my research on the ‘Origin of Tektites,’ a project supported by the National Science Foundation and the Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin.
CIRES Visiting Fellowship Program
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) on the University of Colorado campus is intended to promote research and teaching in solid‐earth geophysics, oceanography, radio propagation, the physics of the upper and lower atmospheres, and solar‐terrestrial relationships, and to serve as a center for multidisciplinary collaboration of research workers from Boulder and the entire world. The permanent Fellows of CIRES are: J.C.Harrison (Director), G. C. Reid, J. R. Wait and J. W. Warwick. A Visiting Fellowship program provides funds to enable scientists working in these fields to spend a period of time, normally a year, with CIRES. Applications for Visiting Fellowships for the academic year 1970–1971 are due before March 31, 1970.
Fifty‐First Annual Meeting April 20–24, 1970 Sheraton‐Park Hotel, Washington, D.C.
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Abstracts for the Fifty‐First Annual Meeting must be submitted on special forms available from the AGU office. Send completed forms directly to the AGU office. Deadline for abstracts is January 26, 1970.

AGU Council rulings of December 1, 1968, and April 20, 1969, provide that: (1) The abstract of a nonmember must be accompanied by an application for membership or be endorsed by a sponsoring member. (2) An author of a paper may present no more than one contributed paper in any one session or be listed as an author or co‐author on more than three papers at a meeting. (3) There will be a publication charge of $25 for each abstract accepted ($10 if the first author is a student member).
A decade of discovery
Authors: Friedman Herbert , Johnson Francis S.
Published: October 2011

Artificial satellites have been available for space research for slightly more than a decade, and it seems appropriate to take stock of the accomplishments of that decade from the viewpoint of the earth's environment in space. The results can only be described as revolutionary; few of the concepts of the early 1950's have survived without major revision and totally unexpected discoveries have provided fundamentally new theoretical challenges. The accomplishments are far too numerous to describe in detail, but a few prominent examples will serve to illustrate the great change in perspective that the space age has brought to our picture of the sun‐earth system.

The early years of rocket astronomy were devoted to exploring the solar spectrum from the visible cut‐off near 3000 A to its X‐ray limit. Rockets provided the first means of directly examining these solar wavelengths which the earth's atmosphere blocks, and one of the earliest triumphs of rocket solar astronomy was the discovery of solar X rays originating in the million‐degree coronal plasma. By 1950 the solar spectrum had been broadly mapped and the outlines of the mechanisms by which solar ionizing radiations produce and control the ionosphere became discernable. The past ten years of space research have presented us with a remarkably detailed knowledge of the solar spectrum, the nature of solar active centers, and the character of solar variability in the ionizing fluxes. The slowly varying behavior of the sun during its II‐year cycle from maximum to minimum activity has been observed, and it is most pronounced in the higher energy radiations not detectable at ground level. While some of the principal ultraviolet emissions from hydrogen Lyman α(1216 A) to shorter wavelengths change by only 50 per cent from minimum to maximum, X‐ray fluxes vary tenfold in the wavelengths absorbed in the E region of the ionosphere and a hundredfold for the short wavelengths (1 to 8 A) that affect the D region. Solar flares produce prodigious increases in the shortest wavelengths: the largest flare of recent years enhanced the 0‐ to 3‐A flux by more than a hundred‐thousand times. It is thus clearly established that sudden ionospheric disturbances are X‐ray induced. The solar X‐ray and ultraviolet energy input to all levels of the ionosphere is qualitatively understood; an improvement in flux values to a quantitative accuracy of only about 10 per cent is needed to satisfy the requirements of aeronomers for a detailed accounting of the atmospheric energy budget.
Nuffield Paleomagnetic Laboratory opened
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Nuffield Paleomagnetic Laboratory at the University of Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne was opened on September 17, 1969. The event was marked by a one‐day symposium on ‘Electromagnetic Processes in the Earth and Moon,’ and an official opening by Sydney Chapman. The Paleomagnetic Laboratory was built with the aid of a grant from the Nuffield Foundation.
Snow and Ice Hydrology Workshop: Colorado State University, August 18”22, 1969
Authors: Meiman James R.
Published: October 2011

The major objective of the workshop was to improve communications among those from various professional backgrounds and geographical regions having a common interest in the hydrology of snow and ice. During the workshop, the state of the art of snow and ice hydrology was explored and an attempt was made to identify and define some of the major problems and possible solutions.

Major workshop sessions were devoted to: (1) distribution and measurement of the snow cover; (2) physics of metamorphism and melt; (3) snow and ice management of water yields; (4) standardization of snow observations; (5) measurement of snowfall and its redistribution; and (6) research cooperation and improvement of communications among those working in the field of snow and ice.
Symposium on the Hydrology of Glaciers: Cambridge, England, September 3”5, 1969
Authors: Meier Mark F.
Published: October 2011

The Symposium on the Hydrology of Glaciers, held at Cambridge, England, September 3–5, 1969, was highly successful for at least 3 reasons: (1) The arrangements were flawless, and the schedule was adhered to closely so that one knew at all times just what was going on; (2) some extremely good and original papers were given, and these reflected interdisciplinary approaches; and (3) discussion was often outstanding, partly because outspoken and iconoclastic critics such as Peter Wolf (hydrologist from London) and Charles Frank (physicist from Bristol) were at hand to keep the pot boiling. The general level of quality of papers was high.

The membership was well balanced by discipline and by nationality. Besides the host country, the largest delegation was from Canada, followed closely by the Soviet Union, and in fourth place, the Americans! The Alpine and Scandinavian countries were well represented, as was the far east (Australia and Japan) and Eastern Europe (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Rumania).
Recent U.S./IHD Contributions
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Chow, V. T., B. C. Yen, and C. L. Chen, Mechanics of Surface Runoff‐Final Progress Report; Dept. of Civil Engr., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; duplicated report, 28 pp., 16 pp. appendix, 4 figs.; August, 1969.

Hewlett, J. D ., and W. L. Mutter, 1969, An Outline of Forest Hydrology; University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia; 137 pp.
Revolution in water renovation
Authors: Singer S. Fred
Published: October 2011

Within the past year or so, physical‐chemical techniques of wastewater treatment have become sufficiently economical to augment conventional biological methods, and may even replace them if research and development lower cost further. These developments were brought about because of the need for more complete removal of organic wastes from municipal sewage, because of the need to remove inorganic nutrients that are causing eutrophication of lakes, and because of the need in many water‐short places to produce drinking water at a reasonable cost. These new techniques may revolutionize concepts of water management and could affect capital investments involving tens of billions of dollars.

We have come a long way from the outdated and unacceptable concept that ‘the solution to pollution is dilution,’ when pollution problems were solved simply by carrying the wastes away with plenty of water, and natural processes could absorb the pollution input. Even so, we have not moved far, most waste treatment processes now being used were in development over the last fifty years. Biological or ‘secondary’ treatment basically accelerates the natural processes through which bacteria oxidize organic material, converting it into CO2 and its inorganic components. Removing most of the oxygen‐demanding material (BOD) before discharging the effluent keeps the dissolved oxygen in streams from being seriously depleted. This in turn assures that the stream will not become anaerobic, that fish will not die, and that the recreational and aesthetic value of the stream will be maintained. But with increasing population concentrations, even an 80% to 90% BOD removal may not be good enough. And, of course, biological processes do not effectively remove inorganic nutrients, which lead to the growth of noxious algae and weeds, especially in lakes and estuaries.
Scientists to map anatomy of a thunderstorm
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Scientists from several countries are participating in a study at Langmuir Laboratory, New Mexico to find out what causes thunderstorms and the associated lightning and rain. Their tools include rockets, airplanes, a laboratory in the sky, and a powerful IBM information processing system.

Langmuir Laboratory, supported primarily by the National Science Foundation, is literally a laboratory in the clouds. Built atop a 10,600‐foot peak in the Magdalena Mountains west of Socorro, New Mexico, the laboratory site is unique in that thunderstorms occur almost daily during the summer and autumn, directly above and around the lab.
Federal plan for clear air turbulence
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Departments of Commerce, Defense, and Transportation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration have announced a plan to better understand clear air turbulence.

Strong emphasis will be placed upon the development of airborne remote detection devices and accurate prediction of clear air turbulence areas for preflight planning. The plan also includes the creation of a national CAT forecasting facility, improved criteria for identifying and reporting, and for aircraft design, and better flight techniques, instrumentation, and pilot‐aircraft response.
The President's Page: The environment
Authors: Landsberg Helmut E.
Published: October 2011

This era is not the first in which man has become conscious of his impact on nature. There have been recurrent appraisals of this topic in various ages, settings, and contexts. However, the present concern for the environment has, for the first time, placed emphasis on the global nature of the subject.

It has also become clear that this problem is so encompassing that no single field can hope to find more than partial solutions. Many fields of science and technology, much sociology and economics, too, are involved in coping with the numerous facets of man's influence on and interaction with the environment. The principal dilemma is to bring about a constructive synthesis of often highly divergent forces.
Rock Congress
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Second Congress of the International Society for Rock Mechanics will be held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, September 21–26, 1970. Some of the main topics of the Congress are: intrinsic properties of rock masses, mechanical resistance of rock masses, comminution, stability of natural and excavation slopes, and behavior of rock masses as structural foundations. The congress will include: working sessions, study tours, receptions, excursions introduced in the working sessions, and post‐congress excursions and special programs for accompanying persons. Official languages of the congress are English, French, and German; however, simultaneous translation service will be provided during the congress.
New survey of physics
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Academy of Sciences has appointed a committee chaired by D. Allan Bromley of Yale University to initiate a new survey of physics. This study will be conducted in the Division of Physical Sciences under the aegis of the Academy's Committee on Science and Public Policy with the support of several of the major federal agencies. Physics will be explored as a discipline, but more importantly, its interrelationships with technology and other sciences will be examined. The survey will be concerned with the role of physics in the current national and social context.
Speed‐up for anti‐pollution patent processing
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Patent Office has instituted new procedures for speeding up the processing of patents relating to anti‐pollution. It is expected that the new procedures will cut the processing time from three years to six or eight months.

Starting immediately, the Commissioner said, any industrial or individual applicant with a device that can aid in the curbing of environmental abuses may take advantage of a priority processing of his application by submitting a written explanation of how his invention relates to the maintenance or restoration of one of the basic life‐sustaining elements: air, water, or soil. The priority processing will apply not only to future applications, but also to those already in the Patent Office.
Air Pollution Training Grant
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The University of Washington has received a federal grant from the National Air Pollution Control Administration to assist in financing its Air Resources educational program for the next 5 years. This grant provides funds for the tuition and stipends of graduate students, laboratory instrumentation, and some faculty and staff salaries. The Air Resource Program is in the Water and Air Resources Division of the Department of Civil Engineering. This program of study and research in the field of air resources leads to degrees of Master of Science in Civil Engineering, Master of Science, and Doctor of Philosophy. Graduate students in the Air Resources Program may specialize in the engineering or scientific aspects of problems related to the air resources.
Foreign reports available on loan
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The office of the U.S. National Committee for the IHD has limited numbers of copies of the following reports available for distribution or on short‐term loan, as indicated. Libraries of university departments of hydrology and similar institutions will be given preference in filling requests.

Copies of all issues of the IHD Bulletin are available on loan from the IHD office. Reprints of recent issues are available for distribution until the supply is exhausted.
Earth Rotation Symposium
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An international symposium on the Rotation of the Earth will be held May 9 through 15, 1971, in Morioka, Japan. The symposium is sponsored by the IAU in cooperation with the IUGG. The principal purpose of the symposium is to find a method of eliminating difficulties in the derivation of the correct coordinates of the pole and rotation of the earth. Interpretation of results of astronomical observations and developments in new techniques and instruments will be discussed.
Foreign reports available on loan
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Brazil Brazilian Committee for the IHD, Results Achieved in Brazil during the First Half of the International Hydrological Decade; duplicated report, 14 pp., 38 annexes, including 6 tables, 3 diagrams, 1 map.

Canada and U.S.A. Canadian and U.S. National Committees for the International Hydrological Decade, International Field Year for the Great Lakes; brochure, 10 pp., 1 map.
William Bowie Medal to Bernhard Haurwitz
Authors: Houghton Henry G. , Haurwitz Bernhard
Published: October 2011

Bernhard Haurwitz's career spans the entire period of modern meteorology beginning with his Ph.D. in Leipzig in 1927. For more than four decades he has been a recognized leader in dynamic meteorology as he is today. In reviewing his scientific work one is reminded of the breadth of his interests which have included the physics of the high atmosphere, atmospheric tides, physical oceanography, radiative transfer, and climatology. This breadth of scientific interests was one of the reasons for the unanimous selection of Haurwitz for the Bowie Medal by our committee.
Highlights of the Council Meeting April 19, 1970
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

International Participation. Secretary for International Participation Malone summarized the proposal for the reorganization of IUGG, URSI, and IUCSTP. Proposed structure involves nine associations in three groups: Radio Physics, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, Geodesy, Seismology and Volcanology, Meteorology, and Oceanography and Hydrology. Two arrangements are possible. In the first the present union would be replaced by one union (International Union for the Physical Environment or International Union for the Physics of the Environment), and in the second by a federation of unions (electromagnetism and aeronomy as one union, geodesy and physics of the solid‐earth as another, and the physics of the atmosphere and oceans as a third ). Such consolidation would, it is thought, be accompanied by the dissolution of the IUCSTP at the end of the IASY, provided that its responsibilities could be taken over by the new structure.
The Environment‐Ecosystem Interaction
Authors: Decker Wayne L.
Published: October 2011

Ecology deals with the mutual relationships between coexisting species of plants and animals. An ecosystem consists of the summation of all botanical organisms, zoological organisms, and micro‐organisms occupying given space. Since the ecosystem involves all life forms, the discipline of ecology concerns the interaction between these species. The plant and animal life that occupy a given space are present because the environment (soil, topography, and climate) has allowed these particular species to take precedence over others.
The availability of satellite data for scientific analysis
Authors: Vette James I.
Published: October 2011

The ability to place instruments into orbit around bodies in the solar system has greatly extended the observational power of science. Consequently a broad spectrum of scientists in many disciplines are interested in the results of space experiments: there is a growing need for them to study the data directly, to correlate some of them with ground‐based measurements, or to provide new interpretations of the space observations.

In many cases collaborative efforts between satellite investigators and other scientists are undertaken. However, the widespread scientific interest in space data has created a larger demand than can be satisfied by the experimental groups who participate in flight programs. Since the costs are so great and the time so long to conduct experiments in space, it is highly desirable, both on scientific and on economic grounds, to get maximum utilization and dissemination of these data. The average data‐producing lifetime of a satellite experiment has been about 3 years, and the total amount of scientific data collected to date is estimated to be about 6×1012 bits. A considerably larger expenditure of money has been made to obtain these data relative to that used to analyze it. Consequently, there is much knowledge yet to be gained from the data that already exist, provided analysis efforts are adequately funded. Dessler [1968] has already indicated that the use of data from the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) can probably be effective in achieving a balanced graduate space research program within reasonable costs.
Symposium on Ocean Floor Spreading
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

During the Fifteenth General Assembly of the IUGG there will be four technical sessions devoted to a Symposium on Ocean Floor Spreading. This title is to be interpreted in a broad sense to include all aspects of science related to this major new theory of global tectonics.

Sessions or subsessions will be devoted to the following topics: Global Patterns, The Driving Mechanism, Oceans and Rifts, The Zones of Convergence, Selected Regions, and Selected Topics. The program will include a variety of invited review papers chosen for their merit, current interest and relevance to the central theme of the symposium. There are no plans for joint publication of the papers of this symposium.
NCAR scientists conduct Brazilian expedition
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Three scientists from the National Center for Atmospheric Research went to Brazil early in April to study atmospheric trace gases and aerosols in the jungle around the Amazon River. They spent two weeks taking air samples in the Ducke Forest Reserve, a scientific research station in the heart 0f the Amazonian jungle. When analyzed, these samples will help NCAR scientists establish background levels of natural trace gases and aerosols in the tropical atmosphere.

The cooperation of the Brazilian government contributed greatly to the success of the entire trip. The Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA) was their Brazilian host, and they allowed them access to a part of Brazil that is being preserved in its natural state.
A progress report: Water conservation by removal of phreatophytes
Authors: Culler Richard C.
Published: October 2011

Evapotranspiration from the flood plain of a major river depletes the water contributed from upstream areas of the watershed. This depletion can be significant in arid regions where water supplies are inadequate. Phreatophyte control offers a method of reducing the evapotranspiration and thus increases the water available to downstream users. This control is achieved by removing the woody phreatophytes and replacing them with grasses having a lower consumptive use.
Use of Isotopes in Hydrology, Third International Symposium Vienna, Austria, March 9”13,1970
Authors: Schell W. R. , Sauzay C.
Published: October 2011

The Symposium on the Use of Isotopes in Hydrology was organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency in cooperation with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was attended by 221 participants representing 44 countries. A total of 54 papers were presented.

The growth of the uses of isotopes in hydrology can be illustrated by the expansion since the first symposium which was held by the IAEA in Tokyo in 1963. Ninety‐five participants representing 13 countries heard 27 papers presented. The second symposium, held in Vienna in 1966, was attended by 164 participants from 37 countries. Forty‐one papers were presented.
Pollution study in the Antarctic
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Six United States scientists have traveled to the antarctic to conduct research related to the global distribution of pollutants, including lead and DDT.

The scientists, from the University of Rhode Island and the University of California, Berkeley, will participate in the U.S. Antarctic Research Program (USARP), of the National Science Foundation.
New research tool in ocean technology
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Sea‐floor operations of a remote‐controlled, tracked vehicle called RUM have totaled more than 100 hours in running up nearly ten miles of bottom crawling in the Pacific since it was first lowered into the ocean early this year.

RUM, the Remote Underwater Manipulator, is undergoing extensive tests off the California coast to determine its capability as a research tool in ocean technology.
Symposium on Mathematical Models in Hydrology
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A symposium on Mathematical Models in Hydrology will be held in Warsaw, Poland, July 19–24, 1971. It is sponsored by the International Association of Scientific Hydrology (IASH) and supported by Unesco, within the framework of the International Hydrological Decade. Host organizations are the Polish National Committee for the International Hydrological Decade and the Polish National Committee for Geodesy and Geophysics. General topics for the symposium include stochastic hydrology, parametric hydrology, and water resources systems.
National referral center
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Referral Center may be described most simply as the ‘information desk’ of the scientific and technical community. Operating in the Science and Technology Division, Library of Congress, in Washington, D.C., the center provides a single place to which anyone may turn for advice on where and how to obtain information on specific topics in science and technology.

The center does not provide technical details in answer to inquiries, nor does it furnish bibliographic assistance. Functioning as an intermediary, it directs those who have a question concerning a particular subject to organiztions or individuals with specialized knowledge of that subject.
Research projects announced
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Ocean Survey of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has announced the field research program for 1972 to be conducted from the Pacific Marine Center. This facility, located in Seattle, serves as home port for the seven NOS ships based on the west coast, which will be carrying out the research projects for NOS and the Pacific Oceanographic Laboratory of MOAA.

The projects will concentrate on the continental shelf and slope area of the northeast Pacific Ocean.
Eleven additional FY 1972 Title II water resources research contracts and grants awardad
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eleven additional research projects for the fiscal year 1972 water resources research program authorized under Title II of the Water Resources Research Act of 1964 have been selected.

Secretary of the Interior Rogers C.B. Morton stated that the projects selected for support are a part of the Interior Department's aim to bring research efforts to bear on significant water resources planning problems, urban water resource problems, and the difficult social, economic, and legal aspects of water resource developments.
Short course on San Francisco Bay delta water quality
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

San Francisco Bay‐Delta Water Quality will be the subject of the ninth short course in the Water Resources Engineering Educational Series (WREES) presented by Continuing Education in Engineering and the College of Engineering of the University of California, Berkeley. The three‐day course is scheduled for March 7–9, 1972 at the University Extension Center in San Francisco. Focus will be on current research, the rationale for regulations, waste management practices, control policies, and plans for water quality enhancement.

The instructional staff will include UC faculty members, consulting engineers, scientists, and policymakers from local, state, and federal governments. The course is planned for engineers, researchers, ecologists, government officials, and administrators concerned with San Francisco Bay‐Delta area water problems.
Books
Authors: Smerdon E. T.
Published: October 2011

‘Groundwater…A Selected Bibliography’ including 1500 references listed under 32 topics, has been compiled and edited by Frits van der Leeden, a consulting hydrogeologist and a senior member of the professional staff of Geraghty and Miller, Inc., a consulting firm specializing in groundwater studies.
More evidence for the existence of a lunar core
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Corning Glass scientists have reported some new findings from lunar samples. F.J. Wosinski said that the glass in breccia rock sample #14036.50 was probably formed by impact. Magnetic phases with some orientation were also found; Wosinski says this is an indication of lunar magnetism and thus possibly a core for the moon.
U.S./IHD contributions
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Stringfield, V.T., and H.E. LeGrand, Effects of karst features on Circulation of water in carbonate rocks in coastal areas, in Journal of Hydrology, vol 14, No. 2, 139–157, 1971.

Holtan, H.N., and N.C. Lopez, USDAHL‐70 model of watershed hydrology, Technical Bulletin No. 1435, Agricultural Research Service, U S. Department OF Agriculture, November 1971.
Notes and commentary
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A major feature of the American Water Resources Association symposium. ‘Watersheds in Transition’ (IHD Bulletin, No. 20, January 1972) will be a session on ‘Management of Seasonal Snowpacks and Glaciers’ cosponsored by the U.S./IHD Work Group on Snow and Ice.

The snow and ice session will focus on identification of knowledge of the management of snowpacks and glaciers as a source of water, and on the practical application of that knowledge in water management decisions.
The President's Page: In the service of science and society
Authors: Spilhaus A. F.
Published: October 2011

Among areas of broad scientific concentration, geophysics is unique in dealing with a high proportion of problems that have societal relevance. Clearly, oceanographcrs, hydrologists. seismologists, and members of every other section in the Union make substantial research contributions to areas that arc popularly called ‘relevant‘. Without this research it seems unlikely that we will have the means to cope with tomorrow's problems, yet today the support of basic research in many of these areas is deliberately being cut back by both government and industry. We have learned to accept such swings of governmental policy and are continually seeking ways to exert influence in order to effect a more stable future, but this problem is basically external.
Birth of a Sea Grant land is just an island
Authors: Spilhaus Athelstan
Published: October 2011

‘Sea Grant colleges’‐it was that phrase that did the trick. What was the background and how did it come about?

In 1958, after the very successful International Geophysical Year, President Detlev Bronk of the National Academy of Sciences asked Harrison Brown to organize a committee on oceanography to study the needs in marine science. Harrison asked me to be the vice chairman. Apparently it was felt that although the great directors of Woods Hole, Scripps, and the other oceanographic institutions were wanted on the committee, each had their individual axes to grind; whereas Harrison, who was at Cal‐Tech, was not directly involved in oceanography, and I was at Minnesota—about as far away as one can get from any ocean in the North American continent.
IAPSO Symposium
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean will hold a symposium on ‘Physical Oceanography of the Red Sea.’ It will be held at the Laboratoire d'Oceanographie Physique de Museum National d–Histoire Naturellc, Paris V, October 9–10, 1972.

The subject is limited to purely physical oceanographic matters, excluding any geophysical or biological questions. The attendance is limited to those specialists who effectively worked in areas concerning the Red Sea; a maximum of 20–25 people are expected to attend.