bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ground-Truthing in the European Health Data Space
Authors: Hildebrandt Mireille
Published: January 2023

In this position paper I discuss the use of health-related training data for medical research, in light of the European Health Data Space. If such data is deployed as a proxy for 'the truth on the ground', we need to address the issue of proxies. Ground truth in machine learning is the pragmatic stand-in or proxy for whatever is considered to be the case or should be the case. Developing a ground truth dataset requires curation, i.e. a number of translations, constructions and cleansing. What if the resulting proxies misrepresent what they stand for and what if the imposed interoperability of health data across the EU affects the quality of the data and/or their relationship to what they stand for? I argue that ground-truthing is an act rather than a given, that this act is key to machine learning and assert that this act can have potentially fatal implications for the reliability of the output. Deciding on the ground truth is what philosophers may call a speech act with performative effects. Emphasising these effects will allow us to better address the constructive nature of the datasets used in medical informatics and should help the EU legislature to take a precautionary approach to medical informatics.
A Review on Microplastic in Freshwater Lake Sediments from Asian Countries: Methods and Abundance
Authors: Malla-Pradhan Rajeshwori , Pradhan Bijay Lal , Phoungthong Khamphe , Gyawali Saroj
Published: January 2023

This review paper summarizes the methods used for measuring microplastic in freshwater lake sediments and also compares the distribution and characteristics of microplastic in freshwater lake sediment in Asia. Bulk sampling using Van Veen grab or stainless steel shovel was the most common sampling tool used for sediment sampling. Density separation using sodium chloride (NaCl) isthe most common process for the extraction of microplastic from lake sediments. For microplastic quantification, the common preliminary technique is visual counting aided by an optical microscope. Whereas, spectroscopy like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy is the most commonly used technique for polymer identification. High abundance of microplastic reaching 11 to 3153 items/ kg was observed in the lakeshore sediment of Poyang Lake, China. In the lake bottom sediment of Ulansuhai Lake, the concentration of microplastic was low (24±7 to 14±3 items/kg). Polyethylene and polypropylene was the widely used polymer in Asia.
Fractal Structure of Seismic Signals of 2015 Gorkha-Kodari Earthquakes: A Box Counting Method
Authors: Tiwari Ram Krishna , Paudyal Harihar
Published: January 2023

Fractal dimension analysis is a computational image processing technique that allows assessing the degree of complexity in patterns. In seismology, fractal dimensions can be used to describe fractured surfaces quantitatively. The larger the fractal dimension the more rugged is the surface, the more irregular is the line, and the more complex is the pore space. For the present investigation the seismicwave signal of 40 earthquakes including one foreshock, main shock and 38 aftershocks (mb ≥ 5.0) of 2015 Gorkha-Kodari earthquakes from 2015/4/21 to 2016/11/27 were considered. The seismograms were retrieved from the archived waveform data of Incorporated Research Institutions of Seismology (IRIS). The fractal dimension (D) was evaluated by the Python program for box counting. It is found that the fractal dimensions of the seismic wave signal during the active seismic period do not show sudden variation and they are almost identical. The maximum value was noticed to be 1.99±0.006 and the minimum value to be 1.95±0.007. The estimated fractal dimension is greater or equal to 1.95 with an average value of 1.98 which signify the presence of high grade of fractality in seismic wave time series. This suggests that the fractal characteristics of the seismic wave signal of 2015 central Himalayan earthquakes occurrence behavior is nonlinear and coplanar.
A Solution of a Dispersion Problem for the Concentration of Pollutants in River Water
Authors: Bhandari Prem Sagar
Published: January 2023

In this study, one-dimensional advection dispersion equation is solved for the concentration of water pollutant. To solve the differential equation, the Laplace’s transform technique has been used assuming no added pollutants on the way of water along the river. From the study, it is found that for various time period and speed, the concentration of the water pollutants decreases continuously, as the distance of the river increases from the point source.
Study of Fall Meteorites Over a Century (1922-2021)
Authors: Wagle Bivu , Regmi Kaustuv , Adhikari Krishna Prasad
Published: January 2023

Fall meteorites represents to those meteorites whose fall has been witnessed and are later collected from earth surface for further studies. Mass, number of fall events, types, type mass and mass trend of observed fall meteorites are analyzed over a period of recent century (1922-2021) in this paper. The total number of fall meteorites was found to be 706 with total mass of 42800 kg. Decade 2012-2021 and 1932-1941 had the highest number of recorded fall which was 94 times and 89 times respectively. Type L6 meteorite was found to have the greatest number of falls which is 151 times, followed by type H5 and L5 with 109 times and 55 times respectively. The meteorite of type, Iron III AB had the greatest meteorites mass of 23480 kg followed by H5 and L6 with mass 6615 kg and 2347.362 kg respectively. The massive meteorite fall of this century was of Iron III AB type (1947) which weighed 23 tones. The decade 1942-1951 had the highest fall meteorites mass of 24806kg and 1972-1981 had 4858 kg. Various regression model is fitted for the trend analysis of the mass. Over a period of this century, meteorites having mass greater than 100 kg has struck the earth for 32 times while mass greater than 1000 kg has struck for 6 times. The average time between two impacts of meteorite with mass greater than 100kg was calculated to be 3.12 years while mass greater than 1000 kg was found to be 16.6 years.
Effective School Leaders in Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Shurendra
Published: January 2023

This paper contributes knowledge of the reasons behind a few public schools achieving good results in students' learning and attracting many students despite almost all public schools suffering from falling education quality and student numbers. The cases of two schools-one from city-located affluent and another sub-urban poor schools were taken to conduct an ethnographic study and cross-validate the findings. The study suggests that the role of the chairperson is more dominant than the head teacher in selected schools. Visionary commitment, devotion, and repeated tenure of chairpersons of the school management committee are the source of school effectiveness, the gradual progress in education quality, and the incremental growth of students. Chairpersons’ performances are boost by their motivation of fulfilling their needs of 'social recognition' and 'experimenting quality education' through school leadership or bringing changes in school; they have already fully filled their physiological needs (Maslow, 1943). Meanwhile, these chairpersons are influenced by the socioeconomic ideology of 'quality education in public schools is the state's accountability for promoting equality and access to the marginalized group'. It also suggests that chairmanship is a process thanthe traits, anyone can lead a school regardless of academic and work experience if guided by an ideology and motivated to fulfill higher level needs.
‘प्रेमदासको डायरी’ उपन्यासमा आलोचनात्मक यथार्थवाद [Critical Realism in the Novel 'Premdas's Diary']
Authors: रमेश Ramesh प्रभात Prabhat
Published: January 2023

यो लेखमा आलोचनात्मक यथार्थवादी कोणबाट उपन्यासकार रेशम विरहीको ‘‘प्रेमदासको डायरी’ उपन्यासको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यहाँ उपन्यासको विश्लेषणका लागि सैद्धान्तिक ढाँचा तयार पारिएको छ । यसका लागि आलोचनात्मक यथार्थवादको पुष्टि गर्ने कुञ्जी पनि तयार पारिएको छ । यसमा उपन्यासको कथावस्तुको सन्दर्भ उठाउँदै साक्ष्य सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । नेपालमा चलेका पञ्चायती व्यवस्था, २०३६ सालको आन्दोलन, २०३७ सालको जनमतसङ्ग्रह, २०४६ सालको जनआन्दोलन, २०५२ देखि २०६२ सम्म भएको माओवादी क्रान्ति र त्यसपछिको गणतन्त्र प्राप्तिले गरिब जनताको पक्षमा खासै परिवर्तन नल्याएको कुरा यो उपन्यासमा गरिएको छ । यो उपन्यासमा आएका तिनै घटनालाई हेर्दै सामन्तवादी सामाजिक व्यवस्थाप्रति आलोचना गर्ने, राजनैतिक व्यवस्थाप्रति आलोचना गर्ने, वर्गव्यवस्थाप्रति आलोचना गर्ने, विभेदयुक्त जातीय व्यवस्थाप्रति आलोचना गर्ने, मानवता विरोधी कार्यप्रति आलोचना गर्ने र नारीमाथि गरिने शोषणप्रति आलोचना गर्ने काम यो लेखभित्र गरिएको छ ।
प्रयोग सापेक्षमा भाषाको अस्तित्व
Authors: राजेन्द्र खनाल
Published: January 2023

मानिससँग भाषाको अभेद्य सम्बन्ध छ । भाषाको गति वा अस्तित्व मानिसको भाषिक व्यवहारमा आधारित हुन्छ । भाषाको अस्तित्वका सवालमा सचेतवर्ग विशेष संवेदनशील बन्नु आवश्यक छ । यस लेखको मूल उद्देश्य भाषाको अस्तित्व, जीवन तथा मृत्युका सन्दर्भमा सैद्धान्तिक स्वरूप उल्लेख गर्दै तिनको पुस्ट्याईँका लागि तथ्यपरक उदाहरणसमेत प्रस्तुत गर्नु हो । यो लेख पूर्णतः गुणात्मक ढाँचामा तयार पारिएको छ । यसमा भाषाको अस्तित्वसँग सम्बद्ध भाषिक अवलम्बन, भाषिक स्वीकरण, भाषिक अपक्षय, भाषिक मृत्युका बारेमा चर्चा गरिएका सैद्धान्तिक ग्रन्थ एवम् तीन जना भिन्न भाषीसँग गरिएको संवादलाई प्रमुख स्रोत सामग्री बनाइएको छ । विश्वका अधिकांश भाषाहरू जस्तै नेपालका अधिकांश भाषाहरूको पनि पहिचान र अस्तित्व सङ्कटोन्मुख छ । नेपालका सबै राष्ट्रभाषालाई समाज तथा समुदायले विशेष पहिचान दिने र राज्यका विभिन्न संरचनाबाट त्यस्ता भाषाको संरक्षण एवम् प्रवर्धनमा विशेष कार्यक्रम सञ्चालन गर्नुपर्ने आवश्यकता रहेको छ । प्रत्येक मातृभाषी आआफ्ना भाषाको अवलम्बन गर्दै अन्य भाषाको अनावश्यक स्वीकरणको दिशाबाट विमुख हुन सकेमा मात्र नेपालका कुनै पनि भाषा मृत्युको मुखमा पर्दैनन् र सबै भाषाको संरक्षण एवम् प्रवर्धन हुने सम्भावना रहन्छ । तसर्थ प्रत्येक भाषाका मूल वक्ताहरूले आआफ्नै भाषाका माध्यमबाट भाषिक व्यवहार गर्दै आआफ्ना भाषाप्रति सचेततापूर्वक समर्पित हुनु आवश्यक छ । साथै, यस सवालमा राज्यसंयन्त्र, अनुसन्धाता एवम् प्राज्ञिक व्यक्तित्वहरूको पनि प्रमुख भूमिका हुने भएकाले संवेदनशील बन्नु आवश्यक देखिन्छ ।
Ethnomathematics and Curriculum: An Ethnographic Study in Limbu Community
Authors: Bhatta Krishna Prasad , Kandangwa Smiriti
Published: January 2023

This study was carried out to see the indigenous practices and the hidden knowledge of mathematics in the ancientartifacts inthe Limbu community. This study aims to explore,how they internalize the phenomenon related to mathematics in their daily life. The entire research process of the study was guided by the Interpretivism paradigm followed by ethnographic design with the observation of documents and daily used artifacts which can be blended intothe local curriculum. Nepal is a multicultural, multilingual, multiethnic country with diverse flora and fauna. We have many artifacts and local mathematical practices in different communities. The purpose of this paperis to introduce the concept of Ethnomathematics and its relevance to classroom activities.This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive concept of some of the current and recent scholarly literature concerning Ethnomathematics and the applicability of Ethnomathematics as a practical teaching approach, particularly for underrepresented students.
Perception of Globalization on the Learning Strategies among Higher Education Studies Students
Authors: Budhathoki Jhupa Kumari
Published: January 2023

This study explores the changing contexts of the globalized world and their impact on the learning strategies in higher education classrooms. Globalization has influenced educational philosophy and classroom practices all over the world. The forces associated with globalization have altered the context in which educators operate, and intensely changed ones experience in both formal and informal education. The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of existing online education courses that utilize the internet as the primary instructional delivery method. The focus of this study was to find out students’ perceptions on the impact of online learning on MPhil level classes in TU Kirtipur. It highlights the challenges facing in use of ICT in higher education of in Nepal. Problems such as lack of resources (viz. qualified teachers, hardware, software, electricity and poor project implementation strategies militate against these efforts. This study recommends university authority should help to facilitate skilled manpower, stabilized electricity supply, hardware resources and software resources to enhance the use of ICT in higher education classrooms. It is argued that, to realize the policy in practice, more sustainable mechanisms need to be developed to provide ICT facilities for teachers and to train them how to use ICT in teaching activities. The study also includes some of the implications to connect on virtual classroom used in an online learning environment affected students’ active participation in learning activities.
Dynamics and Extent of Exclusion of Ethnic Population in Urban Setting: An Ethnographic Study of Darai People
Authors: Guragain Pramod Hari , Kaini Tika Raj
Published: January 2023

Exclusion as a widespread phenomenon has prevailed in urban settings. The ethnic population in particular is victims of exclusion caused by urbanization. Though the process of urbanization and its associated processes result in opportunities for income and better services, ethnic populations feel detached from them in the absence of efficiency of modern state institutions and officials. Also, the change in traditional occupation and production results in ethnic populations in their exclusion and marginalization from the social position and space. Darai people of the studied area have been suffered from exclusion however the income chances are increased.
सहचालकले बोल्ने भाषाका शब्द र वाक्य {Words and phrases in the language spoken by the co-driver}
Authors: दाहाल Dahal दुर्गाप्रसाद Durgaprasad
Published: January 2023

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन सहचालकको भाषाको शब्द र वाक्यमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । भाषाका विषयगत आधारमा विशिष्ट लक्षणहरू सिर्जना हुन्छन् । सार्वजनीक बसका सहचालकले प्रयोग गर्ने भाषाका पनि आफ्नै प्रकृतिका लक्षणहरू रहेका हुन्छन् । उनीहरूले प्रयोग गर्ने भाषाका शब्दअन्तर्गत शब्दको आयाम, स्रोत, बनोटका साथै उनीहरूका वाक्य अन्तर्गत वाक्यको आयाम, वाक्यको प्रकृति, कोड मिश्रण र विचलनको आधारमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । शब्दका आयामका दृष्टिले सहचालकले छोटा शब्दको प्रयोग गरेको पाइयो । स्रोतगत दृष्टिले सहचालकले बढी आगन्तुक शब्दको प्रयोग गरेको पाइयो । बनोटगत आधारमा सहचालकले बढी मूल शब्द प्रयोग गरेको पाइयो । सहचालकले छोटो र सरल वाक्य बढी प्रयोग गर्ने गरेको पाइयो । सहचालकले वाक्यमा भाषिका, ध्वनिप्रक्रियात्मक, व्याकरणिक, अर्थता तात्विक विचलन प्रयोग गरेको देखियो ।
संस्कृत साहित्यको ऐतिहासिकता {Historicity of Sanskrit Literature}
Authors: लम्साल Lamsal रामहरि Ramhari
Published: January 2023

प्रस्तुत लेख संस्कृत साहित्यको उद्गम र विकासका सम्बन्धमा गरिएको सङ्क्षिप्त अध्ययन हो । ज्ञान–विज्ञान र साहित्यको विशाल भण्डार रहेको उच्च बौद्धिक र परिष्कृत संस्कृत भाषा प्राचीन समयमा बोलीचालीको लोकभाषा पनि हो । यस भाषाको वैदिक वाङ्मयको विकाससंगै साहित्यिक रूपको विकास भएर संस्कृत साहित्यको प्रारूप देखिन थालेको हो । यसै क्रममा ऋग्वेदलाई संस्कृत साहित्यको उद्गम बिन्दु मानिएको छ । वेदका विभिन्न शाखा–उपशाखा, ब्राह्मण, आरण्यक, उपनिषद् आदिमा संस्कृत साहित्यको वैदिक रूप देख्न सकिन्छ । संस्कृत साहित्यको लौकिक स्वरूप पुराणेतिहासको आर्ष रूपमा देखापर्दछ । संस्कृत वाङ्मयको आर्ष साहित्यिक भण्डारमा अठार पुराण र तिनका उपपुराणहरू छन् तर तिनलाई साहित्यभन्दा बढी इतिहासका रूपमा चिनाइन्छ । आर्ष साहित्यका रूपमा चिनिने लौकिक संस्कृतको उच्चतम् साहित्यिक ग्रन्थहरू रामायण र महाभारत हुन् । संस्कृत साहित्यको विकासको पछिल्लो चरण ललित साहित्य लेखनको उत्कर्षावस्था हो । कलात्मक साहित्य शास्त्रीय नियम र व्यकरणसम्मत परिष्कृतिको पालना गर्दै रचिएका छन् । संस्कृत साहित्यको विकास पाणिनि उत्तरकालमा उत्कर्षमा पुगेको देखिन्छ । त्यसबेला रचना गरिएका विधागत विशिष्टतायुक्त अनेकौ“ साहित्यिक ग्रन्थहरू संस्कृत साहित्यको भण्डारमा उपलब्ध छन् । यस लेखमा संस्कृत साहित्यको उद्भव र विकासका क्रममा देखापरेका विभिन्न चरण, विशिष्ट स्रष्टाहरू एवम् तिनका योगदानको विहङ्गम अध्ययन गर्दै संस्कृत साहित्यका भण्डारमा प्राप्त भएका महत्वपूर्ण उपलब्धिहरूको विवरण प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । संस्कृत साहित्यको ऐतिहासिक विकासको सर्वेक्षणबाट ईशापूर्व एक हजार वर्षदेखि ईशाको सत्रौं शताब्दीसम्मको अवधि संस्कृत साहित्यको चरम विकास र उपलब्धिको अवधि रहेको देखिन्छ । वैदिक कालदेखि हालसम्म आइपुग्दा करिब एकतिस सय वर्ष पुरानो इतिहास भएको संस्कृत साहित्य विगत चारसय वर्षदेखि शिथिल अवस्थामा रहेको छ । पछिल्लो समयमा विभिन्न पश्चिमा मुलुकहरूले समेत संस्कृत भाषाको अध्ययन, अध्यापन एवम् खोज–अनुसन्धानमा अभिरुचि देखाएका र अनुसन्धनका क्रममा संस्कृतभाषा कप्युटरीकृत भाषा बन्न सक्ने प्रवलता रहेकाले संस्कृत साहित्यको पुनरुत्थान हुने सम्भावनालाई नकार्न सकिदैन ।
Radiographic Study of Distal Radius Parameters in Patients Visiting Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Shrestha S. , Mansur D. I. , Shrestha R. , Karki S. , Maskey S. , Malla M. , Basi A. , Khadka S. K.
Published: January 2023

Background The important morphological parameters of distal radius namely palmar tilt, radial inclination, radial height and ulnar variance are consequential in the evaluation and management of the distal radius fracture, distal radius plate design and kinesiology. Correction of these parameters in anatomical alignment is important to restore the normal biomechanics of the wrist joint.

Objective To ascertain the distal radius parameters in the patients attending tertiary care hospital with regard to gender and age.

Method The wrist radiographs (postero-anterior and lateral views) of 125 patients, from 16 to above 60 years of age were used to determine the four parameters of distal radius. The subjects were divided into gender and three different age groups (16-36 years, 37-57 years and > 57 years). Independent t-test and ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis with level of significance set at p ≤ 0.05.

Result The mean palmar tilt was 15.69 ± 4.84° (p-value = 0.40). The mean radial inclination was 22.58 ± 2.82° (p-value = 0.88). The mean value of radial height was 10.31 ± 1.59 mm (p-value= 0.001). Positive ulnar variance were recorded in maximum of subjects (46.40%) and the least was neutral (16.80%).

Conclusion The distal radius parameters of our population were similar to the Orthopedic Trauma Association standard reference value. And there was significant difference in radial height between males and females.
Perception of Medical Students Regarding TU-IOM MBBS Curriculum and Teaching Learning Methods in Nepal
Authors: Gautam N. , Dhungana R. , Gyawali S. , Dhakal S. , Pradhan P. M. S.
Published: January 2023

Background The present Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) curriculum under Tribhuvan University - Institute of Medicine (TU-IOM) was last revised twelve-years back. Though the curriculum was built upon internationally approved recommendations on curriculum design, it is ineffectively practiced in most medical schools of Nepal with major focus on didactic teaching-learning. The curriculum, hence, needs effective implementation and revision.

Objective To identify the strengths, weaknesses, and areas of improvement in the medical curriculum through student-based feedback and outline the possibility of incorporating newer evidence-based teaching-learning methodologies in Nepal.

Method This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. With appropriate ethical approval, a questionnaire was developed and disseminated virtually to all medical students of Nepal under TU from MBBS fourth year onwards. The questionnaire comprised of Likert and close-ended questions. The data analysis was followed after receiving the filled questionnaire through Google forms.

Result A total of 337 respondents participated in the study. The most effectively implemented components out of the SPICES model were Integrated learning (I) and Community-based learning (C), with 73.89% and 68.84% responses. There were 94.7% (319) students who favored the incorporation of research in the core curriculum. Only 34.2% (115) students found PowerPoint lectures, the most utilized form of teaching-learning in Nepal, as engaging. The respondents (84.6%) showed a high degree of readiness to incorporate newer evidence-based teaching-learning tools such as flipped learning, blended learning, and peer-to-peer learning.

Conclusion This study shows that effective interventions must be rethought on various aspects of the curriculum, taking students’ feedback on the table while considering curricular revision.
Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis in a COVID-19 Patient: A Dreadful Challenge
Authors: Dhakal A. , Pokharel M. , Madhup S. , Khadka L. , Sapkota B.
Published: January 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). COVID-19 infections may be associated with a wide range of bacterial and fungal co-infections. Recent studies are reporting invasive fungal infection associated with severe COVID-19. Herein, we report a case of COVID-19 rhino-orbital mucormycosis infection caused by Rhizopus sps in a 32 year old diabetic patient who was successfully managed with early aggressive debridement of infected tissue endoscopically with extended ethmoidectomy by modified Denker’s approach along with orbital decompression and antifungal therapy with Liposomal Amphotericin B and Posaconazole. Serial diagnostic nasal endoscopy showed no evidence of progression of the infection. The patient was discharged on 21st day of hospitalization still on oral Posaconazole for a total of 3 months.
An Automated Approach for Clipping Geographic Data before Projection that Maintains Data Integrity and Minimizes Distortion for Virtually Any Projection Method
Authors: Graham Jim
Published: January 2023

Selecting a map projection is key to minimizing distortion and thus clear communication of spatial data and accurate spatial analysis. Methods exist for selecting projections based on the intended area of use but not for finding polygons that can be used to clip geographic data to ensure the data are projected correctly and within desired distortion limits. The projection methods available in the Proj library were examined to determine the nature of the errors and distortions they created based on global data and a wide variety of available settings. Approaches were then identified for each projection including simple bounding boxes and more complex clipping polygons. To make sure that errors were not introduced into the projected data, data integrity polygons (DIPs) were created by placing a grid of cells over the Earth and then finding a cell near the origin that was within the specified criteria. Adjacent cells were added to the DIPs that met the criteria until no additional cells could be added. The criteria included projected cell sides could not intersect with themselves or other cells, the order of the cell corners could not be reversed, and distortion within the cell had to be within specified limits. I found that up to two DIPs with a limit on length distortion of a factor of 4 provided a general solution for all but three projection methods. Limitations included the time to find DIPs at high resolution. Clipping polygons and visualizations of the results were made available on a website.
Cartographic Propaganda in the Age of Social Media: Empirical Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Waktola Daniel K.
Published: January 2023

Cartographic propaganda is a conscious manipulation of a map to influence the reader’s belief. Countries often use it to claim disputed territories or project fear over opposing nations or political alliances, but little is known about the manipulations of maps along internal sociolinguistic and political fault lines on social media platforms. The author investigated the nature and intent of propaganda maps in Ethiopia before and after the 2018 government reform based on six purposely sampled maps prominently circulated on social media. While falling short of the acceptable cartographic qualities, the analysis of sample propaganda maps revealed two fundamental characteristics during the pre- and post-government reform. First, their role shifted from a centripetal force in the political coalition to a centrifugal force in the coalition’s disintegration. Second, their mode of dissemination transitioned from cartographic misinformation to disinformation. The findings of this study contribute empirical evidence to the ongoing cartographic information discourse that lags behind the rapidly changing map-making and map-sharing platforms in the age of geospatial and social media revolutions.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE METHOD OF FORECASTING THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF CAVE-IN OF ROOF ROCKS OVER COAL FACE
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Serhiienko Oleksandr , Serhiienko Liana ,   Donetsk National Technical University
Published: January 2023

Purpose. Justification of parameters and development of the method of forecasting the formation of roof rocks over the coal face. Methodology. Numerical modeling of the volumetric stress-strain state (finite element method), the method of continuous media, the method of contact interaction of surfaces, analytical studies of the process of rock cave-in formation of the roof rocks. Results. The article presents the methodology and results of numerical modelling of the volumetric stress-strain state of a layered rock massif, with boundary conditions of contact interaction between rock layers and with the load of gravitational forces. It has been established that the process of formation of a bulge in the zone of support pressure begins with the formation of intersecting systems of cracks, the direction of which depends on the angle of inclination of the plane of destruction. For the prediction of rock cave-in formation, the criterion of crack resistance of rocks under mixed loading of a through crack has been substantiated. The method has been developed for determining the local zones of formation of cave-in, which allows determining the location of the fallout in the excavated longwall field and its parameters. Scientific novelty. The method of predicting the parameters of the formation of rock cave-in has been presented for the first time, taking into account the criterion of crack resistance of rocks under mixed loading of a through crack. Practical significance. Practical significance lies in the method of predicting the processes of cave-in rock formation in the roof rocks during the working of coal seams and determining their parameters.
THE CURRENT STATUS OF THE MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT OF THE MINING RESCUE (EMERGENCY AND RESCUE) SERVICE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN IMPROVING THE LABOR SAFETY OF MINERS
Authors:   State Militarized Mine-Rescue (Rescue) Squad, State Emergency Service of Ukraine, Yevstratenko Ihor , Riasnyi Vitaliy ,   Senior research scientists of Scientific and Research Institute of Labour Safety and Ecology in Mining and Metallurgical Industry, Chukharev Serhii ,   Associate Professor, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Kucheruk Myroslava ,   Senior Lecturer of the Department Development of Deposits and Mining
Published: January 2023

Purpose. To obtain reasonable characteristics of mobile means of mine-rescue equipment used in emergencies in underground mining to deliver it to the scene and evacuate injured personnel, which comprehensively increases efficiency and safety of work of both rescuers and miners. Methodology. Analysis of literary sources, technical documentation and the practice of using mining rescue equipment in the conditions of underground mining. Results. The analysis of the physical (energy) losses of rescuers during reconnaissance, emergency rescue operations, liquidation of the consequences of accidents, and the conducted research have allowed us to determine the technical characteristics of mobile means for delivering mine rescue equipment to the accident site and evacuating the victims of the accident through horizontal and vertical mine workings. The performed works have made it possible significantly increase the level of emergency protection of mining enterprises and occupational safety of miners, facilitate the work of personnel and, ultimately, the improve efficiency and reliability of the entire mining rescue service. Scientific novelty. The article proves that only a comprehensive approach to the development of mobile mining rescue equipment can provide an effective technological solution in the development of such equipment. Practical significance. Special vehicles developed for mining rescue units are suitable for operation in underground mining conditions. New technical solutions make it possible to transport rescue equipment in horizontal and vertical mines, which saves time and the health of mine rescuers. Developed and tested emergency and rescue technical means intended for mechanization during emergency and rescue operations in vertical shafts of mines, as well as during the performance by mine rescuers of technological works related to the inspection of the condition, for example, of ventilation shafts of mines that are not equipped with mechanized lifts. The reception commission confirmed the functionality of the developed equipment, its compliance with its intended purpose, and recommended the developed equipment for mass implementation both at enterprises and in units of the paramilitary mining and rescue service.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONALITY OF THE AUTOMATED SYSTEM OF MONITORING AND CONTROL OF TECHNOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF COAL MINES
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Labuzova Anastasiia , Voropaieva Anna ,   SHEE Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Voropaieva Viktoriia ,   Donetsk National Technical University
Published: January 2023

underground works by providing operator control of technological processes, systems for collecting, processing and archiving information about the object. Ability to monitor vital signs and determine the location of a particular miner in real time. Methods. The communication systems used today in the coal industry have come a long way since their development. Most mines use outdated communication systems between a dispatcher and miners. Working safely in the coal industry is extremely important. The requirements for the control of data collection for observation, monitoring and exchange of information in real time should grow with the improvement of the technical capabilities of positioning systems and move to a higher level of control of individual health parameters. Results. The article analyzes the used systems and methods of positioning miners. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing systems for monitoring the technological indicators of coal mines, the optimal technology of data transmission and determining the location of an underground worker have been established. The directions of further research on improving the control of vital activity indicators, the possibility of prompt transmission of a signal to the dispatcher in the event of an emergency, and individual personalization of the miner based on RFID technologies have been determined. The practical value of the obtained results lies in the functional addition of the used systems, which allows timely and highly accurate rescue blocked miners with the possibility of tracking their condition indicators. Scientific novelty. The article offers a new functionality and structure of an automated subsystem for monitoring and controlling the technological indicators of mining pits of coal mines, which differ from the existing personal monitoring of vital indicators of workers in real time due to the use of active RFID tags embedded in separate devices. Practical importance. Improving the safety of underground works.
IMPACT OF DEGASIFICATION PIPELINE TIGHTNESS ON AIR INFLOWS AND METHANE CONCENTRATION
Authors:   M.S. Polyakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics under the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (IGTM, NASU), Мinieiev Serhii , Novikov Leonid ,   Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics named by N. Poliakov of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (IGTM, NASU), Liutyi Maksym ,   Deputy Head of the 8th Detachment of the PMRS of Ukraine, Makarenko Roman ,   Mining Management named after Space Heroes PJSC "DTEK Pavlohradvuhillia"
Published: January 2023

concentrations in the vacuum degassing gas pipeline. Methods. Analytical dependencies for determining the absolute pressure, volume flow rate and temperature of the gas mixture in link of degassing gas pipeline and an empirical dependence for determining the volume flow rate of air in the inflows coming through the flange connections of the gas pipeline links were used in the studies. Results. With these assumptions in mind, the formula for determining the gap in the flange joint of the degassing gas pipeline links has been obtained. The results of calculating air inflows and methane concentrations along the length of the horizontal section of the degassing gas pipeline have been presented. Analysis of the results showed that air inflows through the flange joints of the degassing gas pipeline links increase in the direction of the gas mixture flow, while the methane concentration, on the contrary, decreases. In this case, the increase in air inflows is due to an increase in vacuum in the degassing gas pipeline, while the decrease in methane concentration is due to an increase in the volume flow of the gas mixture. Based on the analysis of the methane concentration character of change along the length of the horizontal section of the degassing gas pipeline, the distance from the beginning of the pipeline where the methane concentration value becomes below the permissible value and the probability of ignition of the gas mixture arises. It has been established that methane concentration varies insignificantly along the length of the gas pipeline at normative airflows. Scientific novelty. A formula is derived for determining the size of the gap between the flat rubber gasket and a shoulder of a flange connection of the degassing gas line links, at which the total air inflows in the gas line coincide with the standard value. Practical significance. The determination of the size flange joint clearance of the degassing gas pipeline links makes it possible to calculate the air inflows and assess the tightness of the gas pipeline flange joints on the basis of measurements of the gas mixture volume flow rate, methane concentration and the depression value.
Peer Pressure, Academic Stress and Goal Adjustment in Day Scholars and Hostelite College Students
Authors: Maqsood Saira , Bano Shehar , Goraya Jibran Tariq , Sher Iqra
Published: January 2023

The current study aimed to investigate the gender differences in peer pressure, academic stress, and goal adjustment in day scholars and hostelite college students. A cross-sectional survey research design and convenience sampling strategy were used. Data were collected from 300 college students (day scholars = 171 and hostelites = 129) with a mean age of 17.26(0.86) years of day scholars and a mean age of 17.57(0.91) of hostelites from various public and private colleges, Lahore. For this purpose, Peer Pressure Inventory (Kiran-Esen, 2003) was used to measure peer pressure, Academic stress was measured by using Academic Stress Scale (Kim, 1970) and Goal Adjustment Scale (Wrosch, Scheier, Miller, Schulz, & Carver, 2003) used to measure goal adjustment and demographic information was also obtained. Reliability analysis, independent samples t-test, and Two-way MANOVA were applied. A t-test revealed that day scholar college students experience more direct peer pressure and academic stress. They are more tend to disengage in unattainable goals and are more inclined to reengage in attainable goals rather than hostelite college students. Two-way MANOVA depicted that day scholar boys assume direct peer pressure and they more disengage in unattainable goals and reengage in attainable goals as compared to day scholar girls and hostelite girls and boy college students. The current study will give insight to related educational governing bodies to introduce effective educational methods and a sound environment for students where they can deal with academic stress effectively and be more involved in goal reengagement.
Springate S ve Fulmer H Skor Modelleri ile Finansal Başarısızlık Tespiti: Borsa İstanbul Tekstil, Giyim Eşyası ve Deri Sektörü Üzerine Bir Uygulama
Authors: MEDETOĞLU Batuhan , TUTAR Salih
Published: January 2023

Finansal başarısızlık, 1900’lü yılların ikinci yarısından sonra önem kazanmış ve işletmelerin sürekliliği için önemli bir kavram haline gelmeye başlamıştır. İşletmelerin sürdürülebilir bir yapıya sahip olabilmeleri için önlem alabilmelerine ve finansal durumlarını öngörebilmelerine imkân sağlayan finansal başarısızlık kavramı işletmelerde; iflas, borçları ödeyememe, faaliyetleri durdurma, varlık kaybı gibi istenmeyen sonuçlara neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışma, Borsa İstanbul (BİST) Tekstil, Giyim Eşyası ve Deri Sektöründe faaliyet gösteren işletmelerin finansal başarısızlık durumlarının tespit edilebilmesi için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada ilgili sektörde yer alan 23 işletmenin, 2017-2021 yılları arası finansal tablo verileri kullanılarak çeşitli analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada yöntem olarak Springate S ve Fulmer H Skor modelleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda literatürle uyumlu olarak ilgili sektörün finansal başarısızlık riskinin yüksek olduğu ve sektörün kırılgan bir yapıya sahip olduğu bulgularına ulaşılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen diğer çalışmalarda da belirtildiği gibi sektörün kendine has yapısı da finansal başarısızlık durumunu değerlendirmede önem arz etmektedir. Daha sonra gerçekleştirilecek çalışmalarda, farklı dönem ve sektörlerin baz alınarak çalışma yapılması değerli yazarlara önerilmektedir.
On the stability of Leksell Vantage stereotactic head frame fixation in Gamma Knife radiosurgery: a study based on cone-beam computed tomography imaging and the High Definition Motion Management system
Authors: Ghazal Mohammed , Fager Marcus , Samadi Amir , Gubanski Michael , Benmakhlouf Hamza
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

The authors’ objective was to investigate the stability of the newly introduced Vantage stereotactic frame fixation in single-fraction Gamma Knife radiosurgery.

METHODS

A total of 255 patients were included in this work and treated with the Vantage frame and Leksell Gamma Knife (LGK) Icon equipped with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. After the frame was mounted on the patient’s head, a CT scan was acquired. After the patient was positioned on the couch of LGK, CBCT was acquired to verify the target position before treatment delivery. A second CBCT examination was acquired after treatment delivery to assess intrafractional motion. During treatment delivery, the High Definition Motion Management (HDMM) system was enabled to track a marker on the nose tip of the patient as a surrogate of intracranial motion. The stability of the Vantage frame was deconstructed into two parts: 1) motion between CT and the first CBCT prior to treatment delivery (CT-CBCT1), and 2) motion between CBCT procedures during treatment delivery (CBCT1-CBCT2). Transformation between CT and CBCT1 was given by Leksell GammaPlan, whereas transformation between CBCT1 and CBCT2 required mathematical processing of the transformation and coregistration matrices in the source files.

RESULTS

The average CT-CBCT1 displacement vector was 0.31 mm, with a range as great as 1.09 mm, and 89% and 97% of cases were within 0.5 mm and 0.7 mm, respectively. The CBCT1-CBCT2 displacement vectors averaged at 0.09 mm, with 97% of cases being within 0.2 mm. Spatial shift in the posterior direction was evident, with 94% of cases demonstrating this trend and averaging 0.05 mm. This was attributed to increased pressure on the posterior fixation pins. The HDMM displacement vectors presented larger values with an average of 0.4 mm and a range as great as 1.6 mm, and 98% of cases were within 1.0 mm. The correlation between CBCT1-CBCT2 and HDMM displacements was weak, which was attributed to the high stability of the Vantage frame and consequently small target displacements coupled with the sensitivity of HDMM to face mimics.

CONCLUSIONS

This work demonstrated that the Vantage frame possess the same degree of submillimeter stability as the well-established Leksell Coordinate Frame G (G-frame). Displacements between CT and CBCT1 were 3 times higher than between CBCT1 and CBCT2. A suggested HDMM threshold of 1.2 mm ensures a target accuracy within 0.2 mm in Vantage frame treatments.
Flying Fog Mobile Edge Computing Based on UAV-Assisted for IoT Nodes in Smart Agriculture
Authors: Alzaghir A.
Published: January 2023

Flying Fog Mobile Edge Computing can play a pivotal part in the field of smart agriculture. Moreover, is an ideal choice for the significant features it enjoys such as its capability of functioning in remote locations, its wide coverage of areas, sufficient bandwidth, as well as its ability of dealing with connectivity issues. Hence, it is essential for smart agriculture provided with IoT devices to utilize offloading data in a real time and execution the satisfactory steps for a certain circumstance by using flying fog mobile edge computing. Flying Fog Mobile Edge Computing is a good choice to treat connectivity issues. In this paper, proposed a cooperation paradigm of UAVs and IoT devices towards smart agriculture for offloading and executing the computation tasks on-behalf IoT nodes by using dynamic programming algorithm and get satisfactory solution for constrained optimization problem and achieving minimize delay to accomplish tasks.
INITIAL-BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM FOR HIGHER-ORDERS NONLINEAR PARABOLIC EQUATIONS WITH VARIABLE EXPONENTS OF THE NONLINEARITY IN UNBOUNDED DOMAINS WITHOUT CONDITIONS AT INFINITY
Authors: Bokalo M.
Published: January 2023

Initial-boundary value problems for parabolic equations in unbounded domains with respect to the spatial variables were studied by many authors. As is well known, to guarantee the
uniqueness of the solution of the initial-boundary value problems for linear and some nonlinear parabolic equations in unbounded domains we need some restrictions on solution's behavior as $|x|\to +\infty$ (for example, solution's growth restriction as $|x|\to +\infty$, or belonging of solution to some functional spaces). Note that we need some restrictions on the data-in behavior as $|x|\to +\infty$ to solvability of the initial-boundary value problems for parabolic equations considered above.

However, there are nonlinear parabolic equations for which the corresponding initial-boundary value problems are unique solvable without any conditions at infinity.

Nonlinear differential equations with variable exponents of the nonlinearity appear as mathematical models in various physical processes. In particular, these equations describe electroreological substance flows, image recovering processes, electric current in the conductor with changing temperature field. Nonlinear differential equations with variable exponents of the nonlinearity were intensively studied in many works. The corresponding generalizations of Lebesgue and Sobolev spaces were used in these investigations.

In this paper we prove the unique solvability of the initial--boundary value problem without conditions at infinity for some of the higher-orders anisotropic parabolic equations with variable exponents of the nonlinearity. An a priori estimate of the generalized solutions of this problem was also obtained.
INVERSE SOURCE PROBLEM FOR A SEMILINEAR FRACTIONAL DIFFUSION-WAVE EQUATION UNDER A TIME-INTEGRAL CONDITION
Authors: Lopushanska H.
Published: January 2023

We study the inverse boundary value problem on determining a space-dependent component in the right-hand side of semilinear time fractional diffusion-wave equation. We find sufficient conditions for a time-local uniqueness of the solution under the time-integral additional condition
\[\frac{1}{T}\int_{0}^{T}u(x,t)\eta_1(t)dt=\Phi_1(x), \;\;\;x\in \Omega\subset \Bbb R^n\]
where $u$ is the unknown solution of the first boundary value problem for such equation, $\eta_1$ and $\Phi_1$ are the given functions. We use the method of the Green's function.
Multiculturalism and Multilingualism in the Danube Monarchy of 1848–1918
Authors: Rychlo Petro
Published: January 2023

The article under studies deals with the issue of inter-national and inter-cultural relations in the Danube Monarchy, which arose as a supra-national state project after the Revolution of 1848. This conglomerate of numerous ethnic groups and nationalities, which, due to the new liberal constitution and national harmony of 1867 (despite certain conflicts and social controversies between individual powerful subjects, languages and ethnic regions), lived in relative harmony and may be regarded today as a prototype of the European Union. Besides, the article investigates the phenomena of multi- and pluriculturalism, concepts of “endogenous” and “exogenous” plurality. Particular emphasis has been laid on the issue of multilingualism, its diverse mechanisms and practices.
German Magical Realism as a Manifestation of “Internal Emigration”: The Problem of Coherence of Concepts
Authors: Prytoliuk Svitlana
Published: January 2023

The article examines the problem of “internal emigration” in German literature and its connection with “German magical realism”, highlights the history of the origin and study of the term and trends in its interpretation in different historical periods from the mid-forties to modern times. The paper notes that most works of “magical realism” were unfairly on the periphery of the literary process because they were written during Hitler’s dictatorship. The author of the article states a certain categorical disparity in the definition and classification of works of “magical realism”, when not formal and aesthetic features are considered, but political and historical criteria. The rhetoric of the “Great Discussion” not only actualized, but also strengthened the pejorative nature of the phrase “internal emigration”. The controversy over the definition of the concept and its conceptual content has led to the fact that “internal emigration” was perceived as a manifestation of adaptation, self-justification and unwillingness to admit guilt. The semantics of the term, however, is changing along with scholars’ efforts to shed light on this controversial discourse. The writers’s being in “internal emigration” not only removes the question of the legitimacy of their work, but also opens a new layer for scientific research, in particular, study of the use of techniques of covert writing and means of expression of alienation. The works of German magical realism with the characteristic expansion of reality in their genre through the creation of unreal dimensions can be considered as a certain expression of internal exile. The metaphorical nature of the texts can be seen as a manifestation of introspective self-immersion of the authors, an expression of their separation from the political system and solitude in the inner world. The author of the article suggests that there is a certain coherence between German magical realism and the phenomenon of “internal emigration”. Hermeneutic analysis of the works of the authors of “internal emigration”, representatives of German “magical realism” must include a study of the historical context and autobiography of the writer.
ПРИНЦИПИ ДІЇ ТАСУЧАСНІ ЗАСОБИ ОПТИЧНОЇ ДАЛЕКОМЕТРІЇ
Authors: Лазаренко Карина , Чиж Ігор
Published: January 2023

В роботі наведені результати огляду і порівняльного аналізу принципів дії та технічних засобів реалізації класичних і сучасних оптичних далекомірів. Головна  увага приділена параметрам далекомірів:  діапазону вимірювань та точності вимірювань дальності. Запропоновано принцип дії автоматизованого  далекоміру нитяного типу зі змінним в широких межах паралактичним кутом з метою суттєвого розширення діапазону вимірювань.