bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Nineveh to Fars
Authors: Pritula Anton
Published: April 2021

The Syriac poetry of the 11th–14th centuries (so-called Syriac Renaissance) was studied very purely until quite recently. One of the reasons for such indifference is a traditional approach of the scholars, who treated this poetry as a secondary one, because of a strong influence of the Islamic literature.

In this article, it is argued that the authors of this period were trying to connect their own poetical traditions with the achievements of the Persian and Arabic poetry. As the result, they created new original forms that need to be carefully examined.

One of the creators of this new style was probably Bar ʿEbrōyō (1226–1286), a famous West-Syrian philosopher and scientist. His esthetic approach was developed by his East-Syrian contemporary Khāmīs bar Qardaḥē of Arbela, who used sophisticated rhythmic and rhyme schemes to achieve a stronger expressive effect. The article discusses one of his poems that demonstrates his outstanding skills as a poet experimentalist in both rhythm and rhyming.
Cloud-Precipitation Hybrid Regimes and their Projection onto IMERG Precipitation Data
Authors: Jin Daeho , Oreopoulos Lazaros , Lee Dongmin , Tan Jackson , Cho Nayeong
Published: April 2021

In order to better understand cloud-precipitation relationships, we extend the concept of cloud regimes (CRs) developed from two-dimensional joint histograms of cloud optical thickness and cloud top pressure from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), to include precipitation information. Taking advantage of the high-resolution Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) precipitation dataset, we derive cloud-precipitation “hybrid” regimes by implementing a k-means clustering algorithm with advanced initialization and objective measures to determine the optimal number of clusters. By expressing the variability of precipitation rates within 1-degree grid cells as histograms and varying the relative weight of cloud and precipitation information in the clustering algorithm, we obtain several editions of hybrid cloud-precipitation regimes (CPRs), and examine their characteristics.

In the deep tropics, when precipitation is weighted weakly, the cloud part centroids of the hybrid regimes resemble their counterparts of cloud-only regimes, but combined clustering tightens the cloud-precipitation relationship by decreasing each regime’s precipitation variability. As precipitation weight progressively increases, the shape of the cloud part centroids becomes blunter, while the precipitation part sharpens. When cloud and precipitation are weighted equally, the CPRs representing high clouds with intermediate to heavy precipitation exhibit distinct enough features in the precipitation parts of the centroids to allow us to project them onto the 30-min IMERG domain. Such a projection overcomes the temporal sparseness of MODIS cloud observations associated with substantial rainfall, suggesting great application potential for convection-focused studies where characterization of the diurnal cycle is essential.
The Sensitivity of Persistent Geopotential Anomalies to the Climate of a Moist Channel Model
Authors: Tierney Gregory , Robinson Walter A. , Lackmann Gary , Miller Rebecca
Published: April 2021

High-impact events such as heat waves and droughts are often associated with persistent positive geopotential height anomalies (PAs). Understanding how PA activity will change in a future warmer climate is therefore fundamental to projecting associated changes in weather and climate extremes. This is a complex problem because the dynamics of PAs and their associated blocking activity are still poorly understood. Furthermore, climate change influences on PA activity may be geographically dependent and encompass competing influences. To expose the salient impacts of climate change, we use an oceanic channel configuration of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model in a bivariate experiment focused on changes in environmental temperature, moisture, and baroclinicity. The 500-hPa wind speed and flow variability are found to increase with increasing temperature and baroclinicity, driven by increases in latent heat release and a stronger virtual temperature gradient. Changes to 500-hPa sinuosity are negligible. PAs are objectively identified at the 500-hPa level using an anomaly threshold method. When using a fixed threshold, PA trends indicate increased activity and strength with warming but decreased activity and strength with Arctic amplification. Use of a climate-relative threshold hides these trends and highlights the importance of accurate characterization of the mean flow. Changes in PA activity mirror corresponding changes in 500-hPa flow variability and are found to be attributable to changes in three distinct dynamical mechanisms: baroclinic wave activity, virtual temperature effects, and latent heat release.
Case Dependence of Multiscale Interactions between Multisource Perturbations for Convection-Permitting Ensemble Forecasting during SCMREX
Authors: Zhang Xubin
Published: April 2021

This study examines the case dependence of the multiscale characteristics of initial condition (IC) and model physics (MO) perturbations and their interactions in a convection-permitting ensemble prediction system (CPEPS), focusing on the 12-h forecasts of precipitation perturbation energy. The case dependence of forecast performances of various ensemble configurations is also examined to gain guidance for CPEPS design. Heavy-rainfall cases over Southern China during the Southern China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment (SCMREX) in May 2014 were discriminated between the strongly and weakly forced events in terms of synoptic-scale forcing, each of which included 10 cases. In the cases with weaker forcing, MO perturbations showed larger influences while the enhancements of convective activities relative to the control member due to IC perturbations were less evident, leading to smaller dispersion reduction due to adding MO perturbations to IC perturbations. Such dispersion reduction was more sensitive to IC and MO perturbation methods in the weakly and strongly forced cases, respectively. The dispersion reduction improved the probabilistic forecasts of precipitation, with more evident improvements in the cases with weaker forcing. To improve the benefits of dispersion reduction in forecasts, it is instructive to elaborately consider the case dependence of dispersion reduction, especially the various sensitivities of dispersion reduction to different-source perturbation methods in various cases, in CPEPS design.
A Rising Tide Drowns Unstable Boats: How Inequality Creates Homelessness
Authors: Byrne Thomas H. , Henwood Benjamin F. , Orlando Anthony W.
Published: April 2021

Is income inequality a driver of homelessness at the community level? We theorize that inequality affects homelessness both by crowding out low-income households from the rental market (what we call an “income channel”) and by causing home prices to rise (a “price channel”). We construct a dataset of information on inequality, homelessness, rent burden, and housing prices in 239 communities from 2007 to 2018 and use it to assess the income inequality–homelessness relationship. Our results suggest that income inequality is a significant driver of community homelessness and that the “income channel” is the more likely mechanism through which homelessness is created. We argue that broader policy efforts to reduce income inequality are likely to have the collateral effect of reducing homelessness, and we discuss the need for national and local policies to help low-income households afford housing.
Housing First and Severe Mental Disorders: The Challenge of Exiting Homelessness
Authors: Lachaud James , Mejia-Lancheros Cilia , Nisenbaum Rosane , Stergiopoulos Vicky , O’Campo Patricia , Hwang Stephen W.
Published: April 2021

We examine the long-term housing trajectories of 543 program participants at the Toronto site of the At Home/Chez-Soi project, a randomized controlled trial of a Housing First (HF) intervention for adults with mental disorders. The average follow-up period for our study was 5.5 years. We find that the HF approach, which includes housing subsidies and support services, was strongly associated with rapid transitions to sustained housing (70.4 percent of HF participants vs. 27.9 percent of treatment as usual participants). Mood disorders with psychotic features and primary psychotic disorders were negatively associated with the rapid and sustained housing trajectory, and alcohol use disorders were positively associated with a rapid then declining housing trajectory. We argue that to understand the long-term impacts of housing programs, research needs to better explore comprehensive and personalized care to support individuals with severe mental disorders.
Putting Homelessness in Context: The Schools and Neighborhoods of Students Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Dhaliwal Tasminda K. , De Gregorio Soledad , Owens Ann , Painter Gary
Published: April 2021

The number of K–12 students experiencing homelessness is increasing across the country. Schools may serve as sources of support and stability for homeless children, but little is known about the types of schools that homeless students attend or about the communities in which they live. We investigate the context of student homelessness in Los Angeles by analyzing student-level administrative data from the Los Angeles Unified School District and publicly available data on neighborhoods and schools from school years 2008–2009 to 2016–2017. Our findings suggest that homeless students tend to be clustered within lower-achieving schools with higher concentrations of disadvantaged student groups and live in neighborhoods with higher concentrated disadvantage. Despite policy provisions to ensure stability, homeless students have high rates of school and residential mobility in the years they are homeless, and mobile students tend to move to less-disadvantaged schools. We conclude with policy implications to strengthen the implementation of the federal McKinney-Vento Act.
Homelessness as a Moving Target
Authors: Lee Barrett A. , Shinn Marybeth , Culhane Dennis P.
Published: April 2021

Contrary to popular perceptions of homelessness as a static, enduring condition, we emphasize its dynamic nature. The updated macro-micro framework that we develop capitalizes on the increasing availability of over-time data, which makes it easier to examine changes in homelessness and the factors responsible for them. Our framework integrates structural forces—such as income inequality, an affordable housing shortage, social exclusion, and inadequate safety net programs—with the personal circumstances and challenges that shape individuals’ homeless trajectories. The macro-micro perspective also helps us to evaluate the effectiveness of policies, and it highlights variation across contexts in how the dynamics of homelessness operate. In a separate section, we introduce the sixteen core articles of this volume against the macro-micro backdrop. Finally, we discuss two emergent macro “shocks” (the COVID-19 pandemic and climate-related hazards) that are largely absent from the volume but carry important implications for understanding and addressing homelessness in the future.
An Integrated Development Model of TIE for Ethnic Towns in China: The Case of Pengshui
Authors: Wang Yu , Yang Ru-an , Gao Xiang
Published: April 2021

Ethnic towns in China are always special and important. Their rich natural and cultural resources and relatively poor conditions make their development different. This research constructs an integrated development model of town-industry-education (TIE) for ethnic towns in China. The case of Pengshui is presented to illustrate the details of this model. Chiyou Jiuli town, ethnic tourism industry, and Chongqing Vocational Institute of Tourism formed an integration of TIE in their development. Some closely related elements form the basis of their integration and some similar driving forces motivate the formation of their integration. Through the operating platform of Jiuli Ordered Class, their integration could benefit all the participants and contribute to local economic and social development. This model helps to make use of local resources and improve local development levels. Considering the rapid development of society, further studies are needed to apply this model to more regions and include various institutions.
Challenges of Urban Educators in Implementing State Standards for Students with Disabilities
Authors: Cramer Elizabeth D. , Gallo Rosalia F. , Salum Catherine , Munoz Lorena R. , Pellegrini Lafont Cynthia , Baptiste Belinda B.
Published: April 2021

A lack of information, research, and teacher training exists on the effective implementation of Common Core State Standards (CCSS) or other state standards for struggling learners. The pace and standardization of the curriculum are often at odds with the unique learning needs of students from diverse backgrounds. Researchers in one large urban school district conducted a series of focus groups with special educators to identify their perceptions of these standards and the training needs associated with effective implementation of the standards. The results revealed a pressing need for professional development to facilitate effective implementation of the standards for struggling learners in urban settings. Implications for teacher preparation and urban education are discussed.
Families, Resources, and Community: Illuminating the Structures of Culturally Relevant Education in an Urban Early Childhood Center
Authors: Wassell Beth A. , Coleman Natoya , Chen Xiufang , Browne Susan
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we examine the enactment of culturally relevant education in an urban early childhood setting in the US. This descriptive case study used a sociocultural framework that emphasizes the relationship between structure and agency. The research question that guided the study was: How does an urban, non-profit early childhood educational center focused on the needs of culturally and linguistically diverse students and families enact culturally relevant education? The findings indicated that both tacit and tangible structures supported the agency of all school stakeholders. Tacit structures included multilingual and multimodal communication, continuous, responsive reflection, and a schema of valuing family engagement, which permeated the institution’s culture. Tangible structures included the school’s faculty, administrators, and staff, the students and families who were served by the school, and the financial resources that were creatively leveraged by the staff and administration. The article concludes with implications and recommendations for stakeholders in a variety of schooling contexts who strive to enact authentic, sustained culturally relevant education.
Applicability of Human Development Index for Measuring Economic Well-being: A Study on GDP and HDI Indicators from Indian Context
Authors: Sajith G G , Malathi K.
Published: April 2021

The tracking of gross domestic product (GDP) as a measure of well-being of the society or human-being has been debated by many researchers and economists (Elizabeth, 2007; Abhinav, 2014; Deb, 2015 ) There are many deficiencies in tracking GDP as the economic development indicator, as it does not capture the inequality or true development of Human-being. Noted economist Mehbub ul Haq’s human development project defined a composite matrix which captures the life expectancy, education and per capita indicators in one matrix. This was developed to track as a development indicator of human welfare. In the previous studies, the GDP or GDP per capita was regressed with the Human Development Index (HDI) composite index and indicated a direct correlation between the two variables. However, this article examines the contribution of the income component in the HDI index by recalculating the composite matrix. This article also qualitatively examines the ability of HDI index to measure the human development parameters.

JEL Classification Codes: E01, I12, O1
Unconventional US Monetary Policy: Impact on the Indian Economy
Authors: Jaswal Anshuman , Ahuja Bhavna Ranjan
Published: April 2021

This article examines the impact of the US Quantitative Easing (QE) on the Indian economy. Against the backdrop of indications of economic slowdown worldwide and developing countries lowering the interest rates and restarting the treasury purchases, it aims to understand the influence US QE had on Indian economy and how it will impact way forward. Macroeconomic variables pertaining to India and the USA were examined from September 2008 to June 2019 (fortnightly data) using the vector error correction method model. It was found that the influence of the US monetary base on the Indian money supply was far more as compared to the US policy rate. Overall, the impact of QE on the Indian economy has not been as large as on the other economies of the world due to regular RBI intervention in terms of interest rates, exchange rates and other active monetary policy measures.

JEL Classification Codes: E44, E52, E58, F32, O16
Research on predictive sliding mode control strategy for horizontal vibration of ultra-high-speed elevator car system based on adaptive fuzzy
Authors: Wang Hong , Zhang Mingqin , Zhang Ruijun , Liu Lixin
Published: April 2021

In order to effectively suppress horizontal vibration of the ultra-high-speed elevator car system. Firstly, considering the nonlinearity of guide shoe, parameter uncertainties, and uncertain external disturbances of the elevator car system, a more practical active control model for horizontal vibration of the 4-DOF ultra-high-speed elevator car system is constructed and the rationality of the established model is verified by real elevator experiment. Secondly, a predictive sliding mode controller based on adaptive fuzzy (PSMC-AF) is proposed to reduce the horizontal vibration of the car system, the predictive sliding mode control law is achieved by optimizing the predictive sliding mode performance index. Simultaneously, in order to decrease the influence of uncertainty of the car system, a fuzzy logic system (FLS) is designed to approximate the compound uncertain disturbance term (CUDT) on-line. Furthermore, the continuous smooth hyperbolic tangent function (HTF) is introduced into the sliding mode switching term to compensate the fuzzy approximation error. The adaptive laws are designed to estimate the error gain and slope parameter, so as to increase the robustness of the system. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted on some representative guide rail excitations and the results are compared to the existing solution and passive system. The analysis has confirmed the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control method.
Innovative application research on the combination of art design and engineering practice education under the background of new media
Authors: Feng Wei , Li Xiuhua
Published: April 2021

Under the background of the continuous impact of new media, with the deepening of art education reform, more creative teaching thinking and teaching methods are integrated into the art design education classroom in universities. In the continuous progress of art design major, how to change the traditional art education classroom and make the teaching more innovative has become one of the research contents that the teaching workers focus on. Therefore, in order to export interdisciplinary talents to the society, it is an inevitable trend for universities to act interdisciplinary teaching and learning mode in combination with the background of new engineering and the widely used STEAM concept. This paper analyzes the teaching mode of art design major in higher education, and then analyzes the current situation of engineering practice courses in universities. According to the characteristics of art students and engineering students, it explores the interdisciplinary teaching mode of introducing art design elements into engineering practice courses, which can provide the orderly development of art education with reference in universities.
GIS fast-acting live detection of power equipment in complex area based on linear electron accelerator
Authors: Wang Zhichuan
Published: April 2021

GIS is widely used in the fields of high voltage, ultra-high voltage and ultra-high voltage. The structure of GIS is compact, the floor area is small, the configuration is flexible and the reliability is high. Moreover, it has strong security and strong environmental adaptability. However, the electric field strength in GIS is very strong, once there are some defects in the equipment, partial discharge will occur, resulting in insulation deterioration of GIS equipment. In this paper, positioning detection technology is used, A fast live detection method of power equipment in complex area based on lilac is proposed. The position of the discharge source is roughly located, and then the linear electron accelerator is used to accurately locate the partial discharge source, which improves the efficiency of defect location. Based on the linear electron accelerator, GIS signal detection device is studied. In the detection, it is necessary to obtain the data generated by partial discharge signal, high-frequency current data and data for comparative analysis, so as to effectively eliminate the interference signal in GIS field, and improve the accuracy and defect type identification.
Entamoeba gingivalis Exerts Severe Pathogenic Effects on the Oral Mucosa
Authors: Bao X. , Weiner J. , Meckes O. , Dommisch H. , Schaefer A.S.
Published: April 2021

The protozoan Entamoeba gingivalis colonizes the healthy oral mucosa with a prevalence of 15%. Colonization can be asymptomatic, and it is considered not pathogenic. However, it is able to invade lacerated oral mucosa, where it ingests fragments of live cells, suggesting pathogenous potential. Here, we characterized the transcriptomes of gingival cells after infection with E. gingivalis using RNA sequencing and observed pathogen interaction with the epithelial monolayer barrier by scanning electron microscopy. In epithelial and fibroblast cells, strongest differential expression showed gene set “chemokines and inflammatory molecules in myeloid cells” (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.9, effect size 5.15, adjusted P = 3.1 × 10−19) and “cell cycle and growth arrest” (AUC = 0.91, effect size = 4.56, adjusted P = 4.8 × 10−9), respectively. The most upregulated genes were TNF (fold change 430) and IL8 (fold change 359) in epithelial cells and ZN331 (fold change 18) in fibroblasts. We showed that E. gingivalis killed live epithelial cells by trogocytosis, demonstrating strong pathogenic potential.
Eupsychian Management: Spirit of the Good in Humanity and Society
Authors: Briskin Alan
Published: April 2021

Eupsychian management was Abraham Maslow’s term for workplaces of creativity, synergy, and continuous learning. His ideas were crystalized while visiting Non-Linear Systems, founded by Andrew Kay. Eupsychian management, a phrase congruent yet distinct from utopian concepts, specifically referred to environments designed for improving the self-fulfillment and psychological health of all its members. Maslow astutely observed that the characteristics of such environments were its general atmosphere for creative pursuit rather than a specific policy or practice. With retrospective hindsight, Maslow’s managerial ideas, once visionary in nature, have been largely integrated into mainstream management theory and practice. However, his desire for less competitive, controlling, and hierarchical workplaces has been frustrated by ever-increasing global competition, fragmentation, and pressure for cost-efficiencies. The lasting impact of Eupsychian ideals may lie in its humanistic clarity. Human beings long for meaning, purpose, and contribution to a more just and regenerative world. The workplace cannot succeed as an island of psychological health separate from broader efforts to bring forth social justice and environmental renewal.
Resilient Leadership: A Phenomenological Exploration Into How Black Women in Higher Education Leadership Navigate Cultural Adversity
Authors: Chance Nuchelle L.
Published: April 2021

This article explores adversity and the lived experiences of Black women in higher education leadership. Using phenomenology, this study specifically explores how Black women in higher education leadership navigate the adverse challenges of intersectionality, stereotype threat, and tokenism. Black women in leadership undergo adversity including limited role models, the concrete ceiling, and the intersectionality of racism, sexism, and ageism, as well as tokenism. The current findings validate that Black women in higher education leadership experience adversity. Some of the more salient codes that emerged were discrimination such as racism, sexism, ageism, and the intersection of these challenges with identity, cultural diversity and belonging, resilience, and leadership callings. Referred to as “superwomen,” Black women are resilient and strong. The results of this study reveal that Black women use adversity as fuel, thus helping them develop the necessary skills to prepare them for leadership. Their strength through adversity is driven by the resilience that has manifested as motivation factors such as family and relationships, mentorship and sponsorship, as well as the support of cultural identity and diversity. The current findings support the notion that adversity shapes Black women into leaders with an emphasis on higher education leadership.
The Performance Impact of Core-Component Outsourcing: Insights from the LCD TV Industry
Authors: Viswanathan Madhu , Mukherji Prokriti , Narasimhan Om , Chandy Rajesh
Published: April 2021

Firms in technology markets often outsource the manufacture of core components—components that are central to product performance and comprise a substantial portion of product costs. Despite the strategic importance of core-component outsourcing, there is little empirical evidence (and many conflicting opinions) about its impact on consumer demand. The authors address this gap with an examination of panel data from the flat panel TV industry, across key regions globally. Results from their estimation indicate that core-component outsourcing reduces the firm’s ability to be on the technological frontier; this hurts demand, because the authors’ estimates suggest that consumers care about firms being on the frontier. However, such outsourcing also reduces costs. Finally, the authors find that outsourcing increases the intensity of competition in the marketplace. They assess these (often opposing) effects and conduct thought experiments to quantify the performance impact of core-component outsourcing.
Forensic issues arising in the assessment of chlorine-related deaths in a domestic setting
Authors: Fronczek Judith , Gilbert John D , Byard Roger W
Published: April 2021

A retrospective review of autopsy files at the Forensic Science South Australia, Australia, was undertaken over a 20-year period from January 2000 to December 2019 for all cases where chlorine had caused or contributed to death. Two cases were identified out of a total of 25,121 autopsies (0.008%): a 53-year-old man who committed suicide in a cellar with granulated chlorine, and a 49-year-old woman with asthma who died of acute bronchospasm due to exposure to chlorine gas while mixing swimming pool chemicals in her kitchen. Chlorine-related deaths are uncommon in domestic situations. However, the absence of biomarkers and non-specific findings at autopsy complicate the diagnosis, particularly as environmental levels are not stable. While accidents with cleaning agents or swimming pool reagents are the most common event in the literature in domestic settings (exclusive of industrial or transportation accidents), suicide may also very rarely occur. Individuals with asthma and chronic respiratory diseases are at higher risk of an adverse outcome upon exposure to chlorine gas, with inattention to proper storage conditions and handling protocols being additional risk factors.
Custodial deaths seen in the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Lagos, Nigeria: An 11-year autopsy study
Authors: Soyemi Sunday S , Faduyile Adedayo F , Sanni Ayodele D , Mgbehoma Alban I , Obafunwa John O
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Deaths in custody are a matter of global concern. However, such information is often missing in developing countries. This study aimed to examine retrospectively the profile, cause and manner of deaths amongst cases of custodial deaths in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Method

An 11-year study (June 2008–June 2019) was done of all autopsy cases of custodial deaths in the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner. Variables including age, sex, offence, place of death, duration in custody prior to death and cause and manner of death were extracted from the records. Results were analysed using frequencies and percentages.

Results

Out of 9894 autopsies over the study period, 45 custodial deaths were identified. Males and females constituted 84.4% and 15.6%, respectively (M:F = 5.4:1). Ages ranged from 20 to 64 years, with a mean age of 37 ± 11.0 years. These deaths were most common in the third decade. Armed robbery and financial crime were the two leading reasons for arrest, while most deaths occurred within 24 hours of arrival in custody. The two leading causes of death were acute cardiac failure from hypertensive heart disease and cranio-cerebral injury from blunt-force trauma.

Conclusion

Deaths in custody need to be properly investigated and particular attention needs to be paid to unlawful deaths if and when they arise.
Populism as a Political Strategy: An Approach’s Enduring — and Increasing — Advantages
Authors: Weyland Kurt
Published: April 2021

Responding to Rueda’s questions, this essay explains the political-strategic approach (PSA) to populism and highlights its analytical strengths, which have become even more important with the emergence of populist governments across the world. PSA identifies populism’s core by emphasizing the central role of personalistic leaders who tend to operate in opportunistic ways, rather than consistently pursuing programmatic or ideological orientations. PSA is especially useful nowadays, when scholars’ most urgent task is to elucidate the political strategies of populist chief executives and their problematic repercussions, especially populism’s threat to democracy.
Spanish Version of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale: Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation in a Sample of Nursing Students
Authors: Brando-Garrido Cecilia , Montes-Hidalgo Javier , Limonero Joaquín T. , Gómez-Romero María J. , Tomás-Sábado Joaquín
Published: April 2021

A recent line of research concerns bedtime procrastination, its effects on sleep quality and duration, and the associated repercussions for health and wellbeing. The Bedtime Procrastination Scale is a brief, self-report instrument developed by Kroese et al. with the aim of evaluating this behavior and exploring its association with insufficient sleep, and hence with health. The aim was to develop and validate a Spanish version of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS-Sp) and to examine the relationship between bedtime procrastination and both general procrastination and self-control. The original BPS was translated from English into Spanish in accordance with international guidelines on the cross-cultural adaptation of measurement instruments. The sample for the validation study comprised 177 nursing students who completed a questionnaire requesting demographic data and which included the following instruments: the newly developed BPS-Sp, the Tuckman Procrastination Scale, and the Brief Self-Control Scale. Statistical analysis involved tests of normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov), reliability (Cronbach’s alpha, test-retest), construct validity, and confirmatory factor analysis. Scores on the BPS-Sp showed excellent internal consistency (α = .83) and temporal stability (test-retest r = .84), as well as significant correlations with general procrastination ( r = .26; p < .01) and self-control ( r = −.17; p < .05). Confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit for the single-factor solution proposed by Kroese et al. The results suggest that the BPS-Sp is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing bedtime procrastination in the Spanish-speaking population.
Enhanced discrete phase model for multiphase flow simulation of blood flow with high shear stress
Authors: Yu Zheqin , Tan Jianping , Wang Shuai
Published: April 2021

Shear stress is often present in the blood flow within blood-contacting devices, which is the leading cause of hemolysis. However, the simulation method for blood flow with shear stress is still not perfect, especially the multiphase flow model and experimental verification. In this regard, this study proposes an enhanced discrete phase model for multiphase flow simulation of blood flow with shear stress. This simulation is based on the discrete phase model (DPM). According to the multiphase flow characteristics of blood, a virtual mass force model and a pressure gradient influence model are added to the calculation of cell particle motion. In the experimental verification, nozzle models were designed to simulate the flow with shear stress, varying the degree of shear stress through different nozzle sizes. The microscopic flow was measured by the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experimental method. The comparison of the turbulence models and the verification of the simulation accuracy were carried out based on the experimental results. The result demonstrates that the simulation effect of the SST k- ω model is better than other standard turbulence models. Accuracy analysis proves that the simulation results are accurate and can capture the movement of cell-level particles in the flow with shear stress. The results of the research are conducive to obtaining accurate and comprehensive analysis results in the equipment development phase.
Automated draping analysis of 3D printed flexible isogrid structures for textile applications
Authors: Kalman Jordan , Fayazbakhsh Kazem , Martin Danielle
Published: April 2021

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing can be used for manufacturing flexible isogrid structures. This work presents a novel draping analysis of flexible 3D printed isogrids from thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) using image processing. A small-scale multi-camera automated draping apparatus (ADA) is designed and used to characterize draping behavior of 3D printed isogrid structures based on draping coefficient (DC) and mode. Circular specimens are designed and 3D printed that accommodate up to eight additional weights on their perimeters to enhance draping. Five infill patterns, three infill percentages, and three loading cases are explored to evaluate their impact on specimens’ draping coefficient and mode, resulting in 45 tests. The range of DCs in this study is 21.9% to 91.5%, and a large range of draping modes is observed. For the lowest infill percentage, specimen mass is not the sole contributor to the DC values and the infill pattern has a significant impact for the three loading cases. Considering draping modes, the maximum number of convex and concave nodes observed for 25% infill specimens with added weights is three. The draping behavior characterization developed in this study can be followed to design and 3D print new flexible isogrids with textile applications.
The exploration of artificial intelligence application in fashion trend forecasting
Authors: Shi Mengyun , Chussid Cali , Yang Pinyi , Jia Menglin , Dyk Lewis Van , Cao Wei
Published: April 2021

Fashion trends today are changing much faster than ever before. Timely and reliable trend forecasting is, therefore, critical in the fashion industry. Traditional fashion forecasting requires professionals to abstract image-based information across design collections and time intervals from around the world, which is extremely time-consuming and labor intensive. Considering the financial cost associated with manual labeling and the accuracy of classifications based upon human subjective judgment, this explorative study proposes a data-driven quantitative abstracting approach using an artificial intelligence (A.I.) algorithm. Firstly, an A.I. model was trained to be familiar with fashion images from a large-scale dataset under different scenarios such as online stores and street snapshots; secondly, the model could detect garments and classify clothing attributes such as fabric textures, garment style, and design details from runway photos and videos; thirdly, the model could summarize fashion trends from the attributes it developed. The adoption of an A.I. algorithm proved to be an objective and systematic computerized method of interpreting fashion dynamics in a more efficient, accurate, sustainable, and cost-effective way.
Does urban concentration matter for changes in country economic performance?
Authors: Ganau Roberto , Rodríguez-Pose Andrés
Published: April 2021

This paper uses a novel, globally harmonised city-level data set – with cities defined at the Functional Urban Area (FUA) level – to revisit the link between urban concentration and country-level economic dynamics. The empirical analysis, involving 108 low- and high-income countries, examines how differences in urban concentration impinge on changes in employment, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and labour productivity at country level over the period 2000–2016. The results indicate that urban concentration reduces employment growth but increases GDP per capita and labour productivity growth. The returns of urban concentration are higher for high- than for low-income countries and are mainly driven by the ‘core’ of FUAs, rather than by suburban areas.
Rising Stars and Underdogs: The Role Race and Parental Education Play in Predicting Mentorship
Authors: Fruiht Veronica , Boeder Jordan , Chan Thomas
Published: April 2021

Research suggests that youth with more financial and social resources are more likely to have access to mentorship. Conversely, the rising star hypothesis posits that youth who show promise through their individual successes are more likely to be mentored. Utilizing a nationally representative sample ( N = 4,882), we tested whether demographic characteristics (e.g., race, SES) or personal resources (e.g., academic/social success) are better predictors of receiving mentorship. Regression analyses suggested that demographic, contextual, and individual characteristics all significantly predicted access to mentorship, specifically by non-familial mentors. However, conditional inference tree models that explored the interaction of mentorship predictors by race showed that individual characteristics mattered less for Black and Latino/a youth. Therefore, the rising star hypothesis may hold true for White youth, but the story of mentoring is more complicated for youth of color. Findings highlight the implications of Critical Race Theory for mentoring research and practice.
Mitigating Tourism Social Costs during a Pandemic: Evaluating Residents’ Perceptions and Behavioral Intentions
Authors: Li ShiNa , Li Hengyun , Song Haiyan , Chen Mengxin
Published: April 2021

During a pandemic, tourism can inflict negative social costs on communities in tourist destinations. This study examines factors affecting residents’ responses to policies to mitigate the social costs of tourism during a pandemic. Two hypothetical scenarios are analyzed. Study 1 investigates framing effects on residents’ attitudes toward the effectiveness of policy measures; study 2 explores the impact of mental accounting on residents’ willingness to pay. Findings show that residents perceive policy measures as more effective if their positive outcomes of such measures are highlighted. Also, residents are more willing to fund social cost mitigation with unearned income, such as anti-pandemic bonds, than through their salaries. This article contributes to academic debate on the efficacy of public policies in combating pandemics and extends the literature on framing and mental accounting in tourism research. Policy implications of these findings are also discussed.
Intensificatory Tautology in the History of English: A Corpus-based Study
Authors: González-Díaz Victorina
Published: April 2021

This paper explores the development and establishment of intensificatory tautology (specifically, size-adjective clusters, e.g., “ great big plans,” “ little tiny room”) in the history of English. The analysis suggests that size-adjective clusters appear in the Late Middle English period as a result of the functional-structural reorganization of the English noun phrase. It is only towards the end of the Early Modern English period that they start to become (relatively) productive in the language, and in Present-Day English that they acquire a wide(r) intensifying functional range (i.e., adjective modifier, emphasizer, degree intensifier) and become associated with informal, spoken-based registers. More broadly, the paper suggests that more research is needed as regards the role of collocation in processes of intensifier creation in the noun phrase and, more generally, as regards how collocation interacts with word-formation processes in this context.
Experimental measurement of force, torque control and vibration absorber system for intraoperative tele-operated robotic-assisted femoral shaft drilling using air-controlled soft balloon damper
Authors: Adewale Orelaja Oluseyi , Shen Donghua , Wang Xingsong , Li Lan , Zhao Tianzheng
Published: April 2021

The use of closed intramedullary nailing fixation and drilling technique is a very common, safe and standard method for treating diaphyseal femoral fractures. However, it has several demerits such as high cutting forces and torque during drilling and this could cause high vibration and result in cracks, tool breakage and necrosis of the already fractured bone. This paper presents the measure of force, torque control and vibration absorber system for intra-operative tele-operated robotic-assisted femoral shaft drilling using air-controlled balloon damper experimentally, since bone is surrounded by soft tissues that can cause more severe injury to the tissue due to high traction force. Simulated femur bone and tissue are used for this experiment. A sensor-based model clamping system embedded with controlled pressurized air balloon to damp drilling vibration was developed; the drilling forces were monitored by the force sensor attached to the end robot effector, while the resulted vibration was measured by contact sensor during the entire surgical drilling. Forces and vibration caused by drilling forces acting on the bone at varying damper pressure at varying spindle drill speed were obtained using (EMS 309 data acquisition and then the data were processed using MATLAB R2015b. The vibration results were processed with wavelet packet transform (WPT) using Fast Fourier transform to analyze the vibration signals, frequencies and amplitude of the vibration. This modeled control system is a good concept, results clearly justify that soft clamping fixation system can be employed to reduce force, torque and vibration without causing harm to the delicate surrounding tissues. This control measures can provide surgeons with real-time information which can assist them in repositioning and repair of fracture bone within control and safe margins. It is believed that this idea will have greater future developmental prospect.
Numerical simulation on the simultaneous stress interference of parallel multiple hydraulic fractures
Authors: Lu Weiyong , He Changchun
Published: April 2021

During horizontal well staged fracturing, there is stress interference between multiple transverse fractures in the same perforation cluster. Theoretical analysis and numerical calculation methods are applied in this study. We analysed the mechanism of induced stress interference in a single fracture under different fracture spacings and principal stress ratios. We also investigated the hydraulic fracture morphology and synchronous expansion process under different fracture spacings and principal stress ratios. The results show that the essence of induced stress is the stress increment in the area around the hydraulic fracture. Induced stress had a dual role in the fracturing process. It created favourable ground stress conditions for the diversion of hydraulic fractures and the formation of complex fracture network systems, inhibited fracture expansion in local areas, stopped hydraulic fractures, and prevented the formation of effective fractures. The curves of the maximum principal stress, minimum principal stress, and induced principal stress difference with distance under different fracture lengths, different fracture spacings, and different principal stress ratios were consistent overall. With a small fracture spacing and a small principal stress ratio, intermediate hydraulic fractures were difficult to initiate or arrest soon after initiation, fractures did not expand easily, and the expansion speed of lateral hydraulic fractures was fast. Moreover, with a smaller fracture spacing and a smaller principal stress ratio, hydraulic fractures were more prone to steering, and even new fractures were produced in the minimum principal stress direction, which was beneficial to the fracture network communication in the reservoir. When the local stress and fracture spacing were appropriate, the intermediate fracture could expand normally, which could effectively increase the reservoir permeability.
Gifted Classroom Environments and the Creative Process: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Lindsay Ellis , Meyer Melanie S. , Crutchfield Kacey
Published: April 2021

As the expectations for including creativity in K–12 education continually grow, creative process skills equip students with thinking strategies to generate and evaluate ideas. This systematic review explored existing research on elementary and secondary gifted classroom environments that promote creative process skills. A database search yielded peer-reviewed literature, empirical and practitioner-focused, for systematic evaluation. A critical examination of literature published from 2011 to 2019 identified characteristics of educational environments that foster creative processes and highlighted key themes, including integrating creative process skills, adaptive environments, reflective classroom culture, and challenges to implementation. Implications for classroom application and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Citizen Ken: Branagh, Shakespeare, and the movies
Authors: Crowl Samuel
Published: April 2021

As Kenneth Branagh turns sixty, he finds himself honoured by the English theatrical world as the restored heir to its tradition of the actor-manager, having created a theatre and film career unlike any other. He is an actor-manager-film director who builds on the tradition he inherits from Laurence Olivier, Orson Welles, and Franco Zeffirelli even as he revises it. This overview of his career reveals that he can do small and tidy, but his cinematic imagination first feasts on Hollywood movie genres – noir thrillers, murder mysteries, Disney classics, Superhero fantasies, spy films, musicals, and bio-pics – then feeds his lasting legacy to Shakespeare on film.
Acquired submitral aneurysms may be associated with mitral paravalvular leaks
Authors: Raghuram Palaparti , Sivakumar Kothandam , Sheriff Ejaz Ahamed
Published: April 2021

Acquired submitral aneurysm after mitral valve replacement is caused by weakness of the annular tissues induced by inflammation, scarring, and ischemia from surgical trauma. The asynchronous stretch of the annulus caused by the submitral aneurysm may cause recurrent paravalvular leaks. In patients with acquired submitral aneurysms and paravalvular leaks, ideal solution is a repeat surgery to address both the aneurysm and the leak. However, when patients are at high risk for repeat surgeries on cardiopulmonary bypass through sternotomy, transcatheter closure of these paravalvar leaks may offer an alternative solution. Four such procedures in three patients are detailed in this report.