bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die effek van intelligensie op die verhouding tussen lokus van kontrole en taakkompleksiteit
Authors: De Kock F. G. , Roodt G.
Published: August 2012

The effect of intelligence on the relationship between locus of control and task complexity. The aim of the study was to establish the effects of intelligence on the relationship between locus of control and task complexity. These constructs were selected by virtue of their importance in the literature, as well as the lack of empirical research regarding the assumed relationship which exists between them. The Human Sciences Research Council's (HSRC) General Scholastic Aptitude Test (ASAT) was used for measuring intelligence, Duttweiler's Internal Control Index (ICI) was used for determining locus of control and the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM) was used as a criterion for coping with task complexity. These instruments were administered to 292 subjects to determine whether the relationship between locus of control and task complexity was effected when the effect of intelligence was controlled. The results indicated a significant relationship between locus of control and task complexity, however the relationship was no longer significant after the effect of intelligence was controlled. Opsomming Die doel van die studie was om die effek van intelligensie op die verhouding tussen lokus van kontrole en taak-kompleksiteit te ondersoek. Hierdie konstrukte is gekies na aanleiding van hulle belangrikheid in die literatuur asook die leemte in empiric se navorsing rakende die veronderstelde verband wat tussen hulle bestaan. Die Algemene Skolastiese Aanlegtoets (ASAT) van die Raad vir Geesteswetenskaplike Navorsing (RGN) is gebruik vir die meting van intelligensie, die Internal Control Index (ICI) van Duttweiler is gebruik vir die meting van lokus van kontrole en die Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM) van Raven is gebruik as maatstaf vir die bantering van taakkompleksiteit. Die genoemde meetinstrumente is op 292 proefpersone toegepas om te bepaal of die verband tussen lokus van kontrole en taakkompleksiteit geaffekteer word wanneer daar vir die effek van intelligensie gekontroleer is. Die resultate toon 'n statistics betekenisvolle verband tussen lokus van kontrole en taakkompleksiteit, hoewel die verband onbeduidend was nadat die effek van intelligensie beheer is.
A cross-cultural analysis of work values and moral reasoning
Authors: Hugo A. , Van Vuuren L. J.
Published: August 2012

The principal aim of this study was to explore the cultural differences with regard to work values and moral reasoning in the context of the management of diversity. A secondary aim was to determine whether individuals in the various stages of moral reasoning, differ with regard to the work values espoused. The sample group (N=182) consisted of black and white students at under-graduate and post-graduate levels. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences between cultural groups with regard to work values and moral reasoning, but indicated no difference in stages of moral reasoning with regard to work values. The implications of the findings for work organisations and tertiary institutions are discussed. Opsomming Die hoofdoel van die studie was om vanuit 'n bestuur-van-diversiteit konteks vas te stel of daar interkulturele verskille bestaan ten opsigte van werkwaardes en morele redenering. 'n Sekondere doelwit was om te bepaal of individue in verskillende fases van morele redenering verskil ten opsigte van werkwaardes. Die steekproef (N=182) is saamgestel uit swart en wit studente op voor- en nagraadse vlak. Statisties-beduidende verskille tussen kultuurgroepe ten opsigte van werkwaardes en morele redenering het na vore gekom, maar geen verskille tussen fases van morele redenering ten opsigte van werkwaardes is gevind nie. Die implikasies van die bevindinge soos dit werkorganisasies en tersiere instellings raak, word bespreek.
The mature female clothing shopper: Profiles and shopping behaviour
Authors: Visser E. M. , Du Preez R. , Du Toit J. B.
Published: August 2012

This study was designed to profile the mature female clothing shopper. More specifically certain variables that could be attributed to differences in consumer behaviour were investigated. Mature female clothing shoppers were segmented as clothing moderates, clothing enthusiasts and the clothing unconcerned. These three cluster groups significantly differed regarding clothing involvement, clothing orientation, activities, interests, opinions, family orientation, needs and media usage. No significant differences were found among the three groups regarding evaluative criteria for clothing and clothing store attributes. Profiles of the clusters were developed, along with applicable marketing implications. Recommendations for further research are made. Opsomming  Hierdie studie is onderneem ten einde die vroulike kledingverbruikers van 55 en ouer te tipeer. Die veranderlikes wat 'n bydrae kon lewer ten opsigte van die verskille in verbruikersgedrag is ondersoek. Die verbruikers is gesegmenteer as die kledinggematigdes, kleding- entoesiaste en die kleding-onbetrokkenes. Die drie groeperings verskil beduidend van mekaar ten opsigte van die volgende veranderlikes naamlik: kleding-betrokkenheid, kleding-oriëntasie, aktiwiteite belangstellings, opinies, familie oriëntasie, behoeftes en media gebruik. Geen beduidende verskille kon gevind word tussen die drie groeperings ten opsigte van die veranderlikes evalueringskriteria van klere en winkeleienskappe nie. Profiele van die verskillende trosse is ontwikkel en die bemarkingsimplikasies is uitgewys. Aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing word gedoen.
The structured-objective rorschach test (sort) occupational profile for state accountants
Authors: Gouws J. J. , Van Eeeden R.
Published: August 2012

The objective of this study was to provide an occupational profile of performance on the Structured-Objective Rorschach Test (SORT) by state accountants for use in guidance, election and placement of personnel. The sample comprised accountants and auditors from the financial sections in various state institutions who were selected for the Senior Financial Management Course at the University of Stellenbosch. As all participants were considered successful in their occupation and no significant differences were found between the profiles of various age and year groups, the SORT profile obtained for the total group can be used as a predictor to determine and evaluate the personality traits that are important in the profession of state accountant. Opsomming Die doel van hierdie studie was die daarstelling van 'n beroepsprofiel van staatsrekenmeesters se prestasie op die Gestruktureerd-Objektiewe Rorschachtoets (SORT) wat vir voorligting/ keuring en plasing van personeel gebruik kan word. Die steekproef is saamgestel uit rekenmeesters en ouditeure van die finansiele afdelings in verskeie staatsinstansies wat geselekteer is vir die Senior Finansiele Bestuurskursus by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch. Aangesien alle deelnemers as suksesvol in hulle beroep beskou is en geen beduidende verskille in die profiele van verskillende ouderdomsgroepe en jaargroepe gevind is nie, kan die SORT profiel van die totale groep as 'n voorspeller gebruik word vir die bepaling en evaluering van die persoonlikheidseienskappe wat belangrik is in die beroep van staatsrekenmeester.
A comparative analysis of consumer awareness in South Africa during 1992 and 1994: Implications for the reconstruction and development programme (r.d.p.)
Authors: Rousseau G. G. , Venter D. J. L.
Published: August 2012

This article describes the measurement and comparison of different levels of consumer awareness in an empirical study carried out in South Africa during 1994. The study investigates the role of various demographic variables on the construct, compares the results with those of a previous study and analyses the implications of the findings for the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP), launched by the Government of National Unity. Findings confirm the reliability of the instrument to measure the five factors of consumer awareness identified in previous studies. Different levels of consumer awareness emerged from the sample. These differences can be attributed to demographic variables such as household size, income, education and area. Findings further suggest that levels of consumer awareness have changed by area since 1992. These changes imply a need for consumer education to be incorporated into the RDP, should the government wish to enhance levels of consumer awareness in the country. Opsomming Hierdie artikel beskryf die meting en vergelyking van verskillende vlakke van verbruikersbewustheid in 'n empiriese studie uitgevoer in Suid-Afrika gedurende 1994. Die rol van verskeie demografiese faktore op die konstruk word ondersoek, die resultate vergelyk met die van 'n vorige studie en die implikasies daarvan ontleed in terme van die Heropbou en Ontwikkelingsprogam (HOP) deur die Regering van Nasionale Eenheid ingestel. Bevindinge bevestig die betroubaarheid van die instrument om die vyf faktore van verbruikersbewustheid soos geidentifiseer in vorige studies, te meet. Verskeie vlakke van verbruikersbewustheid het na vore getree uit die steekproef. Hierdie verskille kan toegeskryf word aan demografiese faktore soos huishouding grootte, inkome, opvoedingspeil en woongebied. Bevindinge suggereer verder dat vlakke van verbruikersbewustheid verander het sedert 1992, volgens gebied. Hierdie veranderinge impliseer 'n behoefte om verbruikersopvoeding in die HOP in te sluit, sou die regering vlakke van verbruikersbewustheid in die land wil verhoog.
Die persoonlikheidsprofiel van suksesvolle bewakingsdienspersoneel
Authors: Nell T. L. , Kamfer L. , Van Der Merwe R. P. , Venter D. J. L.
Published: August 2012

The personality profile of successful prison warders. In an attempt to develop a personality profile for successful prison warders, scores on CattelFs 16-PF (SA92-form) were obtained from 361 warders employed by the South African Department of Correctional Services. Independent criterion information (tempo of promotion) was also obtained and used as indicator of job success. Using Hotelling's T2, it was found that the first order factor profiles of successful and unsuccessful warders differed significantly. There was no difference in their second order profiles. By means of stepwise discriminant analysis with personality as independent and success (expressed as a dichotomy) as the dependant variable, four first order factors were identified and formulae derived which predicted 14,8 better than chance whether a warder would be correctly classified as successful or not on the dichotomous success criterion. Opsomming In 'n poging om 'n persoonlikheidsprofiel vir suksesvolle bewakingsdienspersoneel saam te stel, is response op Cattell se 16-PF (SA92-vorm) vanaf 361 bewakingsdienspersoneellede werksaam by die Suid-Afrikaanse Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste, verkry. Inligting in terme van onafhanklike kriterium (tempo van bevordering) is ook verkry en gebruik as aanduiding van werksukses. Deur die gebruik van Hotelling se T2 is bepaal dat die ecrsteorde profiele van suksesvolle en onsuksesvolle bewakingsdienslede beduidend van mekaar verskil. Daar is geen beduidende verskil ten opsigte van die tweedeorde profiele gevind nie. Deur middel van stapsgewyse diskriminantontleding, met persoonlikheid as onafhanklike en sukses (uitgedruk as 'n digotomie) as afhanklike veranderlike, is vier eersteorde faktore geidentifiseer en formules saamgestel wat 14,8 beter as toeval kan voorspel of "n persoon suksesvol of onsuksesvol volgens die digotomiese sukseskriterium sal wees.
Die invloed van reuke op die werksatmosfeer van saalpersoneel binne 'n gespesialiseerde verpleegopset
Authors: Jacobs M. , Barnard A. L.
Published: August 2012

The influence of odours on the work atmosphere of ward personnel within a specialised healthcare setting. The purpose of the investigation was to determine whether pleasant odours could make a positive contribution to the disposition of ward staff and their experience of the work ambience. A random test method was used to select two samples from a possible four wards. The sixteen men and women were allocated to experimental and control groups at random. The results indicate that odours could make a positive difference to the disposition of workers. No such positive influence was, however, observed with regard to the work ambience. Opsomming Die doel van die ondersoek was om vas te stel of aangename reuke die gemoedstoestand en belewenis van die werksatmosfeer van saalpersoneel positief kan beinvloed. Die lotingsmetode is gebruik om uit vier sale, twee ewekansige groepe te selekteer. Die sestien mans en vroue is ewekansig toegedeel aan 'n eksperimentele en kontrolegroep. Die resultate wys dat reuke wel 'n positiewe verskil aan die gemoedstoestand van 'n werker kan maak. Geen sodanige positiewe invloed is egter ten opsigte van werksatmosfeer waargeneem nie.
The relevance of a needs analysis of life-skills in tertiary students in the current South African milieu
Authors: Raijmakers L. R. , Scholtz P. E.
Published: August 2012

This study encompasses a needs analysis of life-skills in 1992, first-year full time students at the Vaal Triangle Technikon, Vanderbijlpark. To evaluate the hypotheses, respondents who completed the self-assessment Life Skills and Competencies: General Questionnaire on Life Competencies and Skills, were divided into language groups (Afrikaans, English, African). Data indicates differences between the needs of the language groups themselves and between male and female respondents. A literature review reveals that first-time entrants into the job market have defective life- and job-skills. The findings of this study confirms the necessity of a life- and job-skills training programme for tertiary students which takes cognizance of language and cultural differences.| Opsomming Die studie behels die uitvoer van 'n behoeftebepaling ten opsigte van, lewenskundighede en vaardighede van voltydse 1992 ingeskrewe eerstejaarstudente aan die Vaaldriekhoekse Technikon, Vanderbijipark. Ten einde die hipotese te evalueer, is respondente wat die self-evaluering Lewenskundighede en Vaardighede: Algemene Vraelys oor Lewenskundighede en Vaardighede, voltooi het, in taalgroepe opgedeel (Afrikaans, Engels en Afrika). Dataverky, dui daarop dat daar wel 'n verskil is tussen die behoeftes van die groepe onderling, asook tussen die behoeftes van manlike en vroulike respondente. 'n Literatuuroorsig toon dat daar leemtes bestaan met betrekking tot lewens- en werkvaardighede van persone wat die arbeidsmark vir die eerste keer betree. Bevindinge bevestig die noodsaaklikheid van lewens- en werkvaardighede-opleidingsprogramme vir tersiere studente wat kennis neem van kultuur- en taalverskille.
Die koste van vrywillige, beheerbare arbeidomset
Authors: Roodt G. , Bothma F. C.
Published: August 2012

The cost of voluntary, controllable labour turnover. Labour turnover for individuals can be classified as voluntary or non-voluntary, whereas labour turnover in organisations can be categorised as controllable or non-controllable. Data on total labour turnover in a particular service organisation indicated the existence of a possible problem. Voluntary, controllable labour turnover between 1 January 1988 and 31 March 1991 for technicians only within this particular organisation was closely scrutinised by calculating the direct recruitment, training, and separation costs for this period. The replacement costs of the technical population alone (N = 1594) for the last-mentioned period were approximately R94 million and could possibly increase to as high as R470 million if the hidden costs are also considered. If these costs are projected to the period 1980-1991 in which there were 60284 voluntary leavers, the total labour turnover costs for this organisation could be astronomical. It is clear from the above that preventative strategies by management could reduce the negative consequences of labour turnover and improve the prospects of a positive outcome. Opsomming Arbeidomset kan vir individue as vrywillig of nie-vrywillig geklassifiseer word; daarenteen kan arbeidomset vir organisasies as beheerbaar of nie-beheerbaar gekategoriseer word. Gegewens oor totale arbeidomset in "n bepaalde diensorganisasie het op die bestaan van 'n moontlike probleem gewys. Die koste van vrywillige, beheerbare arbeidomset van slegs tegnici is vir die periode 1 Januarie 1988 tot 31 Maart 1991 in die betrokke organisasie nader ondersoek, deur die direkte verkrygings-, opieidings- en skeidingskoste van tegniciverlaters vir hierdie tydperk te bereken. Die vervangingskoste van slegs die tegnicipopulasie (N = 1594) vir die laasgenoemde tydperk het sowat R94 miljoen beloop en kon selfs so hoog soos R470 miljoen wees as die verskuilde kostes ook verreken is. Indien hierdie kostes na die periode 1980-1991 geprojekteer word waarin daar 60 284 vrywillige verlaters was, kan die totale arbeidsomsetkoste vir die organisasie astronomies wees. Hieruit blyk dit duidelik dat voorkomende strategiee deur bestuur die negatiewe gevolge van arbeidomset kan verminder en die vooruitsigte van positiewe gevolge kan verbeter.
The reliability and factorial validity of the career decision profile for a sample of afrikaans-speaking students
Authors: De Bruin G. P. , Du Toit K.
Published: August 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of the Career Decision Profile (CDP; Jones, 1989) for a sample of 133 Afrikaans-speaking students. The scores obtained on all six subscales showed acceptable reliability. The factor structure proposed by Jones for the Career Decision Needs dimension of the CDP was confirmed by means of a confirmatory factor analysis. In conclusion it appears that the CDP may be profitably used for the multidimensional assessment of career indecision with Afrikaans-speaking students. Opsomming Die doel van hierdie studie was om die bruikbaarheid van die Career Decision Profile (CDP; Jones, 1989) vir 'n steekproef van 133 Afrikaanssprekende studente te ondersoek. Al ses subskale het tellings met bevredigende betroubaarheidskoeffisiente opgelewer. Die faktorstruktuur wat deur Jones vir die Career Decision Needs-dimensie van die CDP gepostuleer is, is aan die hand van 'n bevestigende faktorontleding ondersteun. Ten slotte blyk dit dat die CDP nuttig aangewend kan word vir die multi-dimensionele taksering van loopbaanbesluiteloosheid by Afrikaanssprekende studente.
Deelnemende bestuur as funksie van bestuurders se selfkonsep en mensbeskouing
Authors: Visser W. P. , Roodt G. , Schepers J. M.
Published: August 2012

Participative management as a function of managers' self concept and perception of others. The literature indicates a lack of research concerning individual attributes which may predispose an individual towards participative management. In this study the relationship between two such attributes was investigated, namely self concept and perception of others, on the one hand, and propensity for participative management, on the other hand. An instrument, based on McGregor's theory, was developed to measure perception of others in the work context. Through factor analysis two factors were extracted which respectively measure intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of a person's perception of others' attitudes towards work. A random sample taken from 233 supervisors of a public utility yielded 196 usable questionnaires. A significant relationship was found between self concept and perception of others on the one hand, and propensity for participative management on the other hand, using canonical correlation (r =0,601; p < 0,01). The finding provides support for McGregor's theory that a positive view of others leads towards a participative management style.Opsomming Die literatuur toon 'n leemte aan navorsing betreffende individuele attribute wat 'n persoon tot deelnemende bestuur mag predisponeer. Met hierdie studie is ondersoek ingestel na die verband tussen twee suike attribute, naamlik selfkonsep en mensbeskouing enersyds, en gewilligheid tot deelnemende bestuur andersyds. 'n Instrument gebaseer op McGregor se teorie, is ontwikkel om mensbeskouing binne werkkonteks te meet. Met behulp van faktorontleding is twee faktore onttrek wat onderskeidelik intrinsieke en ekstrinsieke aspekte van 'n persoon se beskouing van ander se houding teenoor werk meet. 'n Gelykkansige steekproef uit 233 toesighouers van 'n openbare versorgingsonderneming het 196 bruikbare vraelyste opgelewer. 'n Beduidende verband tussen selfkonsep en mensbeskouing enersyds, en gewilligheid tot deelnemende bestuur andersyds, is met behulp van kanoniese korrelasie gevind (r =0,601; p < 0,01). Die bevinding bied steun vir McGregor se teorie dat 'n gunstige mensbeskouing tot 'n deelnemende bestuurstyl lei.
Die verband tussen beroepsbesluitloosheid, vrees vir gebondenheid en beroepsidentiteit
Authors: Goosen L. J. , Brand H. J.
Published: August 2012

The relationship between career indecisiveness, fear for commitment and vocational identity. This study examined the correlation between the constructs career indecision, fear of commitment and vocational identity. Ninety-eight under-graduate university students served as research participants and completed the Career Decision Scale (CDS), the Vocational Identity Scale (VIS) and the Fear of Commitment Questionnaire (FOCQ). The results indicated that the scores on the CDS were significantly related (p is smaller than 0,05) to the scores on the VIS and the FOCQ. Support was obtained for the important role of the construct of identity in the explanation of career indecisiveness. Opsomming In die onderhawige studie is die aard van die verband tussen die konstrukte beroepsbesluitloosheid, vrees vir gebondenheid en beroepsidentiteit ondersoek. Ag-en-egentig voorgraadse universiteitstudente is by die studie betrek. Die ondersoekgroep het die Career Decision Scale (CDS), die Vocational Identity Scale (VIS) en die Fear of Commitment Questionnaire (FOCQ) voltooi. Die resultate het aangetoon dat daar beduidende verband (p is kleiner as 0,05) tussen die verkree totaaltellings op die CDS, die VIS en die FOCQ bestaan het. Die belangrike rol wat die konstruk identiteit in die verklaring van beroepsbesluitloosheid speel word deur die bevindings van die onderhawige studie ondersteun.
Theoretical and empirical linkages between workrelated commitment foci
Authors: Roodt G.
Published: August 2012

No study has been reported thus far in the commitment literature which clarifies the relationship between six workrelated foci on a comparable theoretical basis. Such a comparison was made possible by the development of six instruments to operationalise involvement, commitment towards work, job, occupation, career, union and school as cognitive predispositions. A random, proportionally stratified sample of 510 teachers was drawn from 184 schools and a population of 4166 teachers from a previous provincial department of education. Only 279 of the 385 usuable questionnaires were fully completed and used for final analysis. A second-order factor analysis yielded four factors which explain about 66 of the total variance. These factors named "workaholism", "organisational-related involvement, commitment", "union commitment", and "work-related alienation" seem to be relative independent factors. No support for the existence of six separate foci could be found. Opsomming Geen studie is tot dusver in die verbondenheidliteratuur gerapporteer wat die verhouding tussen ses werkverwante foki op 'n vergelykbare teoretiese basis ophelder nie. So 'n vergelyking is moontlik gemaak deur die ontwikkeling van ses instrumente om betrokkenheid, verbondenheid tot werk, pos, beroep, loopbaan, vakbond en skool as kognitiewe predisposisies te operasionaliseer. 'n Ewekansige, proporsioneel-gestratifiseerde steekproef van 510 onderwysers is by 184 skole en 'n populasie van 4166 onderwysers van 'n vorige provinsiale onderwysdepartement getrek. Slegs 279 van die 385 bruikbare vraelyste was volledig voltooi en is vir finale ontleding gebruik. 'n Tweedeorde-faktorontleding het vier faktore opgelewer wat ongeveer 66 van die totale variansie verklaar. Hierdie faktore is "werkbeheptheid", "organisasie-verwante betrokkenheid/verbondenheid", "vakbondverbondenheid" en "werk-verwante vervreemding" genoem wat skynbaar relatief-onafhanklike faktore is. Geen steun vir die bestaan van ses afsonderlike foki kon gevind word nie.
Spearman se G en die faktorstrukture van die senior aanlegtoetse en die algemene skolastiese aanlegtoets
Authors: De Bruin G. P.
Published: August 2012

Spearman's G and the factor structures of the Senior Aptlitude Test and the General Scholastic Aptitude Test. Scores of 1507 university students on the six subtests of the General Scholastic Aptitude Test (GSAT) and on nine subtests of the Senior Aptitude Tests (SAT) were subjected to a joint confirmatory factor analysis. This procedure was followed to examine (a) the extent to which scores in respect of the two batteries of tests, are explained by a general factor (Spearman's g), and (b) the relationship between the two general factors. Scores on the GSAT subtests were adequately explained by just one factor. With regard to the SAT three group factors could be distinguished, namely Verbal Ability, Visual-Spatial Ability and Numerical Ability. The correlations between the group factors were so high that the influence of a general factor was evident. The general factors underlying the SAT and GSAT respectively, also correlated significantly. In view of findings suggesting the general intelligence is the best single predictor of criteria such as academic success and work performance, the GSAT is recommended for selection purposes. Opsomming Tellings van 1507 universiteitstudente op die ses subtoetse van die ASAT en nege subtoetse van die SAT, is gesamentlik aan 'n bevestigende faktorontleding onderwerp. Hierdie prosedure is gevolg om ondersoek in te stel na (a) die mate waartoe 'n algemene faktor (Spearman se g) die tellings op die twee batterye toetse onderskeidelik onderle, en (b) wat die verwantskap tussen die twee algemene faktore sou wees. Ten opsigte van die ASAT is dit duidelik dat slegs een faktor tellings op al ses subtoetse verklaar. Ten opsigte van die SAT kon drie groepsfaktore onderskei word/ naamlik Verbale Vermoe, Visueel-Ruimtelike Vermoe en Numeriese Vermoe. Die korrelasies tussen die drie groepsfaktore was egter so hoog dat dit duidelik is dat daar 'n algemene faktor onderliggend is aan die nege subtoetse. Die algemene faktore wat die SAT en ASAT subtoetse onderskeidelik onderle, het ook 'n beduidende verband met mekaar getoon. In die lig van getuienis wat daarop dui dat algemene verstandelike vermoe die beste enkele voorspeller van kriteria soos akademiese sukses en werksprestasie is, word die gebruik van die ASAT vir keuringsdoeleindes aanbeveel.
Employee-satisfaction: A triangulation approach
Authors: Visser P. J. , Breed M. , Van Breda R.
Published: August 2012

The research on employee-satisfaction was conducted in the manufacturing industry. The sample consisted of 543 employees. The methodology could be described as a "triangulation approach" where a combination of quantitative and qualitative measurements were utilised and the results of both types of measurement integrated in the study of the construct. The research confirms existing findings that although the measurement of dimensions such as equitable rewards, working conditions, supportive colleagues, job content, etc. yield results on the level of employee-satisfaction, a single question, namely, "How satisfied are you with your job?" compares favourably with the general index. The findings also suggest the advantage of complimenting the quantitative data with qualitative information. The conclusions confirm the value of a qualitative method in cross-cultural research in an African environment. Opsomming Die navorsing omtrent werknemerstevredenheid is uitgevoer in die vervaardigingsbedryf. Die steekproef het bestaan uit 543 werknemers. Die metode van ondersoek kan beskryf word as 'n "driekantige benadering" (triangulation approach) waar daar van kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe meting gebruik gemaak is en die resultate geihtegreer is in die bestudering van die konstruk. Die navorsing bevestig bestaande bevindinge dat die meting van dimensies soos vergelykbare belonings, werkstoestande, ondersteunende kollegas, inhoud van werk, ens. resultate lewer rakende die vlak van werknemerstevredenheid, 'n enkel vraag, naamlik, "Hoe tevrede is jy met jou werk?" gunstig vergelyk met die algemene indeks. Die bevindinge dui ook op die voordele van 'n benadering waar die kwantitatiewe data gekomplimenteer word deur kwalitatiewe inligting soos verkry uit individuele onderhoude. Die gevolgtrekkings bevestig die waarde wat die kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetode inhou vir kruis-kulturele navorsing in 'n Afrika konteks.
Totale welstand: 'n Nuwe dimensie in die beheer van gesondheidsorg-,werkersafwesigheids- en personeelomsetkostes
Authors: Dreyer L. I. , Strydom G. L. , Van der Merwe S.
Published: August 2012

Total wellness: A new dimension in the control of health promotion, absenteeism and staff turnover costs. The aim of this study was firstly, to determine what is implied by the concept total wellness, secondly, to determine the rationale behind total wellness as health promotion strategy and thirdly, to study the cost benefits of companysponsored total wellness programmes. The results of this study indicate that the total wellness concept of health promotion is broader than just illness prevention or risk factor identification and treatment. The aim of total wellness programmes seems to be to stimulate and help the individual to start a self-development programme directed at maximizing his potential within all the dimension of health. The rationale behind total wellness as health promotion strategy is based on the fact that human behaviour (lifestyle) is related in a complex manner to psycho-social, environmental and biological factors. Regarding cost benefits it was found that companies can offer total wellness programmes to their workforce in a cost beneficial manner. Opsomming Die doel van die studie is eerstens om te bepaal wat presies bedoel word met die konsep totale welstand. Tweedens om te bepaal wat die rasionaal van totale welstand as gesondheidsbevorderingstrategie is en derdens om die koste voordele van ondernemingsgefundeerde totale welstandsprogramme te bestudeer. Die resultate van die studie dui daarop dat totale welstand 'n veel wyer/breër konsep is as die blote behandeling of voorkoming van siektes. Die doel van totale welstandsprogramme blyk te wees om die individu op 'n selfontwikkelingspad na die bereiking van optimale persoonlike potensiaal binne al die dimensies van gesondheid te plaas. Die konsep berus op die rasionaal dat gedrag komplekse interaksies met verskeie sosio-psigologiese/ omgewings- en biologiese faktore vertoon. Betreffende die kostevoordele van suike programme vir die onderneming blyk dit dat gesondheidsbevorderingsprogramme op 'n kostevoordelige wyse aangebied kan word.
Argyris and associates' orientations towards learning collectively: Can it be measured through self reports?
Authors: Schmidt C.
Published: August 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of measuring interactional orientations towards learning collectively by means of a self report instrument. Based on the theoretical framework of Argyris and associates, a measuring instrument was constructed and subjected to statistical analysis. 317 post graduate students in the faculty of Economic and Management Sciences at the Rand Afrikaans University completed the inventory. A factor analysis yielded four second-order factors. The results of the study appear to lend statistical support to the nature of the most prevalent interactional strategies described in the literature. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Die evaluering van 'n bestuursopleidingskursus met behulp van die posmandjie-tegniek
Authors: De Jager W. , Viviers A. M.
Published: August 2012

The evaluation of a management training course by using the in-basket technique. A management training course was evaluated for effectiveness by using two specially compiled in-basket exercises equivalent in complexity. Outcome evaluation was performed so as to determine whether learning transfer took place, ie., whether management skills in the application of planning, organising and control manifest in the work context afterwards. Significant differences were found between the experimental and the control group and were investigated by means of the "Univariate procedure". This management training course could effectively be measured with the behaviour assessment approach using two groups, where only the one group was exposed to a management training course to assess whether management behaviour changed as a result of learning transfer. This study utilises the in-basket technique as an instrument for training course evaluation. Opsomming Die effektiwiteit van 'n bestuursopleidingskursus is geevalueer aan die hand van gedragverandering soos gemeet deur twee posmandjies van dieselfde moeilikheidsgraad. Uitkomsevaluering is gedoen om te bepaal of leeroordrag plaasgevind het, met ander woorde/ of the nuut aangeleerde bestuursvaardighede in die toepassing van die bestuursdimensies beplanning, organisering en beheer wel na die tyd in die konteks van werkgedrag manifesteer. Beduidende verskille tussen die eksperimentele en die kontrole groep is gevind. Dit is ondersoek met behulp van enkelveranderiike-variansie-ontleding. Die bestuursopleidingskursus kon effektief vanuit die gedragbeoordelingsbcnadering gemeet word by twee groepe, waar slegs die een groep aan 'n bestuursopleidingskursus blootgestel word om te kon bepaal of bestuursgedrag verander het. Die studie benut die posmandjie-tegniek as kursusevalueringsinstmment.
Are career mature students more committed to the career choice process?
Authors: Watson M. B. , Stead G. B.
Published: August 2012

The present study examines the relationship between commitment to the career choice process and the career maturity of 123 White first year psychology students. The results indicate a statistically highly significant relationship (�? < 0,01) between career maturity and the Vocational Exploration and Commitment subscale of Blustein et al.'s (1989) Commitment to Career Choices Scale and a statistically significant relationship (�? < 0,05) between career maturity and the Tendency to Foreclose subscale. Gender is not significantly related to the findings.
 Opsomming
Die huidige studie ondersoek die verhouding tussen die toegewydheid aan die proses van loopbaankeuse en die loopbaanvolwassenheid van 123 Blanke eerstejaar sielkunde-studente. Die resultate dui op 'n hoogs beduidende statistiese verhouding (�? < 0,01) tussen loopbaanvolwassenheid en die "Vocational Exploration and Commitment" sub-skaal van Blustein et al.'s (1989) se "Commitment to Career Choices Scale". Verder dui die resultate ook op 'n statisties beduidende verhouding (�? < 0,05) tussen loopbaanvolwassenheid en die sub-skaal genaamd "Tendency to Foreclose". Geslag is nie beduidend in verband tot enige van die bevindings gestel nie.
'n Bedryfsielkundige ondersoek na die verband tussen sosiale ondersteuning en beroepsaanpassing by middelvlakbestuurders
Authors: Van den Berg P. , De Villiers W. S.
Published: August 2012

An industrial psychological investigation into the relationship between social support and occupational adjustment at mid-level management. In an effort to measure the relationship that social support, co-worker support, superior support, family support and friendship support have with occupational adjustment; as well as the moderating influence that locus of control and gender have on the relationship between social support and occupational adjustment, two questionnaires were used in the study. For measuring social support and support from a person's co-workers, superiors, family and friends as well as for measuring occupational adjustment, the Work and Support Network Satisfaction Scale was utilised. The Internal-External Locus of Control Scale was used for measuring locus of control. The measuring instruments were applied to 131 mid-level managers in the banking sector. Results indicate a positive relationship between social support and occupational adjustment, co-worker support and occupational adjustment, and superior support and occupational adjustment. Opsomming In 'n poging om die verwantskap te ondersoek wat sosiale ondersteuning, medewerknemerondersteuning, bogeskikte-ondersteuning, gesinsondersteuning en vriendskapsonder-steuning met beroepsaanpassing het; sowel as die modererende invloed wat lokus van kontrole en geslag op die verhouding tussen sosiale ondersteuning en beroepsaanpassing het, is daar van twee vraelyste gebruik gemaak. Vir die meting van sosialc ondersteuning en ondersteuning van 'n persoon se medewerknemers, bogeskiktes, gesin en vriende, sowel as vir die meting van beroepsaanpassing, is die Werk- en Ondersteuningsnetwerk Tevredenheidskaal aangewend. Die Interne-Eksterne Lokus van Kontrole Skaal is vir die meting van lokus van kontrole gebruik. Die meetinstrumente is op 131 middelvlakbestuurders in die banksektor toegepas. Die resultate dui op 'n positiewe verband tussen sosiale ondersteuning en beroepsaanpassing, medewerknemerondersteuning en beroepsaanpassing, en bogeskikteondersteuning en beroepsaanpassing.
Perceptions of the dimensions of work success of management consultants in South Africa
Authors: Erasmus M. , Schepers J. M.
Published: August 2012

The primary goal of this study was to contruct an instrument with which to identify the critical dimensions of the job of management consultants. A secondary goal was to determine whether there are any statistically significant differences in the perceptions of subgroups of the sample. The literature was studied and 53 competencies were found. Based on these competencies, the "Management Consulting Competency Questionnaire" (MCCQ) was developed,comprising two sets of items. The first set concerns the importance of various competencies, and the second set relates to the frequency with which the competencies are used. The items were judged by 165 management consultants. Factor analyses were carried out and the resulting factors were further subjected to an interbattery factor analysis. Three factors were identified, namely consulting skills, consultant personality and client service skills. The subgroups were compared using Hotelling's T2 test and MANOVA. Statistically significant differences were found in the perceptions of management consultants for consulting level and years experience. Opsomming Die hoofdoelstelling van die studie was om 'n meetinstrument te konstrueer waarmee die kritieke dimensies van die werk van bestuurskonsultante geidentifiseer kan word. 'n Sekondêre doelstelling was om vas te stel of daar statistics beduidende verskille is tussen die persepsies van subgroepe van die steekproef. Die literatuur is deurskou en 53 bevoegdhede is gevind. Op grond van die bevoegdhede is die "Management Consulting Competency Questionnaire" (MCCQ) ontwikkel, bestaande uit twee stelle items. Die eerste stel het betrekking op die belangrikheid van verskeie bevoegdhede, en die tweede stel op die frekwensie waarmee daardie bevoegdhede gebruik word. Die items is deur 165 bestuurskonsultante beoordeel. Faktorontledings is uitgevoer en die resulterende faktore is verder aan 'n interbatteryfaktorontleding onderwerp. Drie faktore is onttrek, naamlik konsultasievaardighede, konsultantpersoonlikheid en kliëntediensvaardighede. Die subgroepe is vergelyk deur Hotelling se T2 toets en MANOVA te gebruik. Statisties beduidende verskille is gevind in die persepsies van bestuurskonsultante ten opsigte van konsultantvlak en jare ervaring.
The role of locus of control and achievement motivation in the work performance of black managers
Authors: Bothma A. C. , Schepers J. M.
Published: August 2012

The primary objective of this study was to predict the work performance of Black managers by using three measures of Locus of Control and five measures of Achievement Motivation. Work performance was assessed by superiors with the aid of the Performance Appraisal Questionnaire of Schepers (1994) which yields three scores, viz, Work Performance, Creativity/Initiative and Management Skills. The sample comprised 102 Black male employees in supervisory and more senior positions in a diversified and geographically dispersed chemical company. In analysing the data, the three sets of measures were intercorrelated and subjected to a factor analysis. Three factors were identified; amongst others a factor representing work performance. A composite score was accordingly computed which served as the criterion measure in a regression analysis. Furthermore/ a canonical correlation procedure was used to maximise the correlation between the predictor variables and the dependent variables. Two statistically significant canonical correlations were obtained. It was found that both the Locus of Control Inventory and the Achievement Motivation Questionnaire can be used as predictors of work performance as assessed by means of the Performance Appraisal Questionnaire (PA). Opsomming Die primêre doelwit van hierdie studie was om die werkverrigting van Swart bestuurders te voorspel deur gebruik te maak van drie metings van Lokus van Beheer en vyf metings van Prestasiemotivering. Werkverrigting is deur bogeskiktes met behulp van die Prestasiebeoordelingsvraelys van Schepers (1994) beoordeel, wat drie tellings lewer, naamlik Werkverigting, Inisiatief/Kreatiwiteit en Bestuursvaardighede. Die steekproef het uit 102 Swart manlike werknemers in toesighoudende en meer senior posisies in 'n gediversifiseerde en geografies verspreide chemiese maatskappy bestaan. In die ontleding van die data is die drie stelle metings geïterkorreleer en aan 'n faktorontleding onderwerp. Drie faktore is geidentifiseer onder andere, 'n faktor wat werkverigting verteenwoordig. Gevolglik is 'n saamgestelde telling bereken wat as kriteriummeting in 'n regressieontleding gedien het. Verder is 'n kanoniese korrelasieprosedure aangewend om die korrelasie tussen die voorspellerveranderiikes en die afhanklike veranderlikes te maksimeer. Twee statisties beduidende kanoniese korrelasies is verkry. Dit is bevind dat sowel die Lokus van Beheer-vraelys as die Prestasie-motiveringsvraclys as voorspellers van werkverrigting, soos beoordeel deur middel van die Prestasiebeoordelingsvraelys, gebruik kan word.
Die loopbaanpatrone van Suid-Afrikaanse bestuurders
Authors: Schreuder A. M. G.
Published: August 2012

Career paths of South African Managers. The changing nature of work results in upward mobility within organisations becoming increasingly limited. This requires individuals to rethink their careers. An important prerequisite for this is adequate self-knowledge. Preferred career paths are often related to the "career culture" of an organisation, which is often not aligned with individual motives and needs. The aim of this study was to determine the match between career preferences and career motives. The results on the whole indicate a poor match between these constructs. Recommendations are made on the basis of these findings. Opsomming Die veranderende aard van werk veroorsaak dat opwaartse mobiliteit in organisasies meer beperk raak. Dit verg dat individue opnuut oor hulle loopbane sal moet besin. 'n Belangrike voorvereiste hiervoor is voldoende selfkennis. Die loopbaanpad wat individue verkies hou dikwels verband met die loopbaankultuur van 'n organisasie en is nie altyd in ooreenstemming met hulle eie motiewe en behoeftes nie. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal in waiter mate daar 'n passing is tussen die respondente se loopbaanvoorkeure en hulle loopbaanmotiewe. Die resultate dui oor die algemeen op 'n swak passing. Aanbevelings word op grond van die bevindinge gemaak.
Die effek van regstellende aksie op die streservaring van 'n groep swart werknemers
Authors: Van Zyl E. S.
Published: August 2012

The effect of affirmative action on the experience of stress among a group of black employees. The purpose of this study was to identify the nature of stress-symptoms among a group of black employees who were subjected to affirmative action as well as among a group of black employees not involved in affirmative action. The Experience of Work and Life Circumstances Questionnaire was applied to 30 black employees who were subjected to affirmative action (research group) and to 40 black employees who were not subjected to affirmative action. The results have shown that the research group showed a significant higher score on dissatisfaction than the criterion group and that the group which was not subjected to affirmative action scored significantly higher on aggression. In the light of this, a few recommendations have been made. Opsomming Die doel met die studie was om die tipiese simptome van stres onder 'n groep swart werknemers betrokke by regstellende optrede, sowel as die wat nie aan regstellende aksies blootgestel is nie, te identifiseer. Die Ervaring van Werk en Lewensomstandighede-vraelys is op 30 swart werknemers wat aan regstellende aksic blootgestel is (ondersoekgroep) en 40 swart werknemers wat nie aan regstellende aksie blootgcstel is nie, toegepas. Resultate toon dat die ondersoekgroep beduidend meer ontcvredenheid as die vergelykbare groep ervaar het, terwyl die groep wat nie aan regstellende aksies blootgestel is nie, 'n beduidend hoër telling op aggressie behaal het. In die lig hiervan is enkele aanbevelings gemaak.
Die verband tussen werknemers se houding jeens regstellende aksie en hul werksbetrokkenheid: 'n Eksploratiewe studie
Authors: Muller S. M. , Roodt G.
Published: August 2012

The relationship between employees' attitudes toward affirmative action and their work involvement: an explorative study. The principal aim of the study was to determine whether or not employee's attitude towards affirmative action bears any relation to their work involvement. A random sample of 600 participants taken from a large insurance company yielded 138 usable questionnaires. Although intercorrelations between attitude towards affirmative action and four work-related involvement foci produced no significant relation, chi square analyses did indicate the possibility of employee's attitude towards affirmative action and their work involvement being moderated by their gender and home language. Subsequently, the implications of these findings are discussed. Opsomming Die hoofdoel van die onderhawige studie was om te bepaal of daar 'n verband tussen werknemers se houding jeens regstellendc aksie en hul werksbetrokkenheid bestaan. 'n Ewekansige steekproef van 600 deelnemers geneem uit 'n groot versekeringsonderncming het 138 bruikbare vraelyste opgelewer. Hoewel interkorrelasies tussen houdings jeens regstellende aksie en vier werkverwante betrokkenheidsfokusse geen betekenisvolle verbande opgelewer het nie/ het chi-kwadraatontledings daarop gedui dat werknemers se houdingjeens regstellende aksie en hul werksbetrokkenheid moontlik wel dcur faktore soos geslag en huistaal gemodereer word. Die implikasies van die bevindinge word vervolgens bespreek.