bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anthropogenic warming degrades spring air quality in Northeast Asia by enhancing atmospheric stability and transboundary transport
Authors: Ryu Young-Hee , Min Seung-Ki
Published: February 2024

Air pollutants can travel long distances from their sources, often causing severe particulate matter (PM) pollution in downwind regions. This transboundary pollution is largely influenced by meteorology and hence its changes associated with climate change. However, the effects of anthropogenic warming on transboundary pollution remain unclear. We show that springtime PM pollution can worsen with anthropogenic warming not only in the upwind region (northern China) but also in the downwind regions (South Korea and southern Japan). The worse air quality in northern China is attributed to a shallower boundary layer due to warmer air advection in the upper levels from high-latitude Eurasia and thus increased atmospheric stability. In the downwind regions, enhanced westerly/southwesterly anomalies induced by anthropogenic warming strengthen transboundary transport. The increase in primary aerosol concentrations due to the shallower boundary layer and/or enhanced transboundary transport is ~14% in northern China, ~13% in South Korea, and ~17% in southern Japan. The elevated relative humidity due to enhanced moisture transport by the wind anomalies promotes secondary aerosol formation, which further degrades the air quality in the downwind regions. The enhancement ratio of secondary aerosols relative to changes in primary aerosols is ~1 in northern China, ~1.12 in South Korea, and ~1.18 in southern Japan due to anthropogenic warming.
Global, neuronal or β cell-specific deletion of inceptor improves glucose homeostasis in male mice with diet-induced obesity
Authors: Grandl Gerald , Collden Gustav , Feng Jin , Bhattacharya Sreya , Klingelhuber Felix , Schomann Leopold , Bilekova Sara , Ansarullah  , Xu Weiwei , Far Fataneh Fathi , Tost Monica , Gruber Tim , Bastidas-Ponce Aimée , Zhang Qian , Novikoff Aaron , Liskiewicz Arkadiusz , Liskiewicz Daniela , Garcia-Caceres Cristina , Feuchtinger Annette , Tschöp Matthias H. , Krahmer Natalie , Lickert Heiko , Müller Timo D.
Published: February 2024

Insulin resistance is an early complication of diet-induced obesity (DIO)1, potentially leading to hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia, accompanied by adaptive β cell hypertrophy and development of type 2 diabetes2. Insulin not only signals via the insulin receptor (INSR), but also promotes β cell survival, growth and function via the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R)3–6. We recently identified the insulin inhibitory receptor (inceptor) as the key mediator of IGF1R and INSR desensitization7. But, although β cell-specific loss of inceptor improves β cell function in lean mice7, it warrants clarification whether inceptor signal inhibition also improves glycaemia under conditions of obesity. We assessed the glucometabolic effects of targeted inceptor deletion in either the brain or the pancreatic β cells under conditions of DIO in male mice. In the present study, we show that global and neuronal deletion of inceptor, as well as its adult-onset deletion in the β cells, improves glucose homeostasis by enhancing β cell health and function. Moreover, we demonstrate that inceptor-mediated improvement in glucose control does not depend on inceptor function in agouti-related protein-expressing or pro-opiomelanocortin neurons. Our data demonstrate that inceptor inhibition improves glucose homeostasis in mice with DIO, hence corroborating that inceptor is a crucial regulator of INSR and IGF1R signalling.
Generating mutants of monotone affinity towards stronger protein complexes through adversarial learning
Authors: Lan Tian , Su Shuquan , Ping Pengyao , Hutvagner Gyorgy , Liu Tao , Pan Yi , Li Jinyan
Published: February 2024

Despite breakthroughs achieved in protein sequence-to-structure and function-to-sequence predictions, the affinity-to-mutation prediction problem remains unsolved. Such a problem is of exponential complexity deemed to find a mutated protein or protein complex having a guaranteed binding-affinity change. Here we introduce an adversarial learning-based mutation method that creates optimal amino acid substitutions and changes the mutant’s affinity change significantly in a preset direction. The key aspect in our method is the adversarial training process that dynamically labels the real side of the protein data and generates fake pseudo-data accordingly to construct a deep learning architecture for guiding the mutation. The method is sufficiently flexible to generate both single- and multipointed mutations at the adversarial learning step to mimic the natural circumstances of protein evolution. Compared with random mutants, our mutated sequences have in silico exhibited more than one order of change in magnitude of binding free energy change towards stronger complexes in the case study of Novavax–angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase vaccine construct optimization. We also applied the method iteratively each time, using the output as the input sequence of the next iteration, to generate paths and a landscape of mutants with affinity-increasing monotonicity to understand SARS-CoV-2 Omicron’s spike evolution. With these steps taken for effective generation of protein mutants of monotone affinity, our method will provide potential benefits to many other applications including protein bioengineering, drug design, antibody reformulation and therapeutic protein medication.
Control of complement-induced inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection by anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies
Authors: Bermejo-Jambrina Marta , van der Donk Lieve EH , van Hamme John L , Wilflingseder Doris , de Bree Godelieve , Prins Maria , de Jong Menno , Nieuwkerk Pythia , van Gils Marit J , Kootstra Neeltje A , Geijtenbeek Teunis BH
Published: February 2024

Dysregulated immune responses contribute to the excessive and uncontrolled inflammation observed in severe COVID-19. However, how immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is induced and regulated remains unclear. Here, we uncover the role of the complement system in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Complement rapidly opsonizes SARS-CoV-2 particles via the lectin pathway. Complement-opsonized SARS-CoV-2 efficiently induces type-I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses via activation of dendritic cells, which are inhibited by antibodies against the complement receptors (CR) 3 and 4. Serum from COVID-19 patients, or monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, attenuate innate and adaptive immunity induced by complement-opsonized SARS-CoV-2. Blocking of CD32, the FcγRII antibody receptor of dendritic cells, restores complement-induced immunity. These results suggest that opsonization of SARS-CoV-2 by complement is involved in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the acute phase of infection. Subsequent antibody responses limit inflammation and restore immune homeostasis. These findings suggest that dysregulation of the complement system and FcγRII signaling may contribute to severe COVID-19.
Fiber optic cadmium ion sensors based on functionalization of a magnetic ion-imprinted polymer
Authors: Shen Tao , Yang Tianyu , Feng Yue , Liu Xin , Liu Chi , Yuan Weixiang , Wu Haodong , Wang Chao
Published: February 2024

Cadmium poisoning is a chronic accumulation process, and long-term drinking of even low cadmium content water will cause kidney damage, so an ultra-low detection limit is particularly important.
Preparation and evaluation of in situ photocleavable mass tags with facile mass variation for matrix-free laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Na Jin-Gyu , Ji Seokhwan , Kang Hyunook , Yeo Woon-Seok
Published: February 2024

The design and synthesis of trityl-based in situ photocleavable mass tags with facile mass-variation capability is introduced.
Macro- and micro-structural manifestation and engineering of large-size polycrystalline ZnSe
Authors: Zhao Xiaobo , Zhang Cong , Wang Zhengping , Lu Dazhi , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin
Published: February 2024

Polycrystalline ZnSe materials with sizes of 100 mm were grown by the CVD method, and their constitution structures and defects were investigated to analyze the influence of the preparation conditions on the optical transmission properties of the materials.
Vibrational energy transfer in ammonia–helium collisions
Authors: Loreau Jérôme , van der Avoird Ad
Published: February 2024

We explore the vibrational relaxation of the umbrella mode of ammonia induced by collisions with helium atoms by means of the close-coupling method on an ab initio potential energy surface.
Urolithin B reduces cartilage degeneration and alleviates osteoarthritis by inhibiting inflammation
Authors: Xue Hong , Zhou Hongyu , Lou Qiliang , Yuan Putao , Feng Zhenhua , Qiao Li , Zhang Jiateng , Xie Hongwei , Shen Yang , Ma Qingliang , Wang Shiyu , Zhang Boya , Ye Huali , Cheng Jiao , Sun Xuewu , Shi Peihua
Published: February 2024

Urolithin B, generated through the metabolism of microbiota, exhibits anti-inflammatory and cartilage-protective effects.
Lead exposure exacerbates liver injury in high-fat diet-fed mice by disrupting the gut microbiota and related metabolites
Authors: Wang Nana , Huo Yuan , Gao Xue , Li Yuting , Cheng Fangru , Zhang Zengli
Published: February 2024

Lead (Pb) is a widespread toxic endocrine disruptor that could cause liver damage and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
A novel nutritional induction strategy flexibly switching the biosynthesis of food-like products from methane by a methanotrophic bacterium
Authors: Gao Zixi , Guo Shuqi , Chen Yunhao , Chen Hansen , Fu Rongzhan , Song Qiaoqiao , Li Shen , Lou Wenyong , Fan Daidi , Li Yin , Yang Shihui , Gonzalez Ramon , Fei Qiang
Published: February 2024

By fine-tuning key nutrients in methanotrophic cultures, the production of cell proteins and carbohydrates can be artificially manipulated in association with central metabolisms, enabling a flexible and efficient biosynthesis of CH4-derived products.
Highly efficient catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid in water catalyzed by hydrophobic porous polymers containing stable metal–hydride
Authors: Ma Wentao , Xiong Wenjie , Hu Jinling , Geng Jiao , Hu Xingbang
Published: February 2024

Hydrophobic porous polymers can protect the active metal-hydride intermediate, bring highly efficient catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid in water. An higher conversion can be achieved using p-PNP-Ir in aqueous solution.
Cyanine-based nanoparticles for near-infrared triggered photothermal therapy against S. aureus
Authors: Song Shuang , Yang Na , He Di , Li Ying , Akhtar Mahmood Hassan , Liu Chang , Li Xiwen , Shen Xiande , Yu Cong
Published: February 2024

Cyanine dye based Flav7@DSPE-PEGG NPs were fabricated and used as a photothermal agent for S. aureus infected wound healing.
Cholesterol-appended cyanostyryl thiophene positional isomers with multistimuli responsive emission switching and liquid crystalline properties
Authors: Ramya Nelliyulla Kappumchalil , Athira Parappurath , Mathews Manoj , Shankar Rao Doddamane S. , Thomas Reji
Published: February 2024

Cholesterol appended cyanostyryl thiophene derivatives were designed and synthesized to explore the multistimuli responsive solid state emission and liquid crystalline properties.
Nanoarchitectonics of CdFe2O4 nanoparticles with different morphologies synthesized using a thermal decomposition approach and studies of their peroxidase-like activity
Authors: Gangwar Kumkum , Jeevanandam Pethaiyan
Published: February 2024

In the current study, morphologically different CdFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized by a facile thermal decomposition approach using Cd–Fe glycolates as precursors.
Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based ferroelectric semiconductor ceramics by Nd/Ni modification at A/B sites and polarization
Authors: Sun Qingyi , Yuan Changlai , Liu Xiao , Zhang Xiaowen , Zhao Jingtai , Zhou Changrong , Rao Guanghui , Su Kaiyuan , Wang Dong
Published: February 2024

The synergistic effect of a narrow band gap and high-field polarization significantly enhances the hydrogen production efficiency of the sample.
Integrative chemoproteomics reveals anticancer mechanisms of silver(i) targeting the proteasome regulatory complex
Authors: Shao Xiaojian , Xing Fangrong , Zhang Yiwei , Lok Chun-Nam , Che Chi-Ming
Published: February 2024

A silver(i) complex AgTU exerts anticancer activities by releasing Ag+ ions that target and impair the 19S proteasomal complex, resulting in accumulation of ubiquitinated, misfolded proteins.
Bacterial elimination via cell membrane penetration by violet phosphorene peripheral sub-nanoneedles combined with oxidative stress
Authors: Shen Qiudi , Kang Jing , Zhao Xuewen , Lou Wanqing , Li Zhihao , Zhang Lihui , Zhang Bo , Zhang Jinying , Wang Bailiang , Dong Alideertu
Published: February 2024

The antibacterial performance and mechanism of antimicrobials depend on their structure. We propose bacterial eradication via bacterial cell membrane penetration induced by violet phosphorene peripheral sub-nanoneedles combined with oxidative stress.
Understanding ion-transfer reactions in silver electrodissolution and electrodeposition from first-principles calculations and experiments
Authors: Kang Richard , Zhao Yang , Hait Diptarka , Gauthier Joseph A. , Kempler Paul A. , Thurman Kira A. , Boettcher Shannon W. , Head-Gordon Martin
Published: February 2024

Density functional theory simulations and potential-step experiments reveal the atomic charge interactions that govern the ion-transfer kinetics at the electrified solution/Ag interface, providing new insights for energy technology applications.
Discovery of potent PROTAC degraders of Pin1 for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Shi Yunkai , Liu Minmin , Li Mengna , Mao Yiwen , Ma Jingkun , Long Ruikai , Xu Miaomiao , Yang Yaxi , Wang Wenlong , Zhou Yubo , Li Jia , Zhou Bing
Published: February 2024

The first PROTAC degrader of Pin1 was developed and exhibited potent degradation-dependent anti-proliferative activities in acute myeloid leukemia cells.
Connecting chemical worlds for a sustainable future
Authors: Gomollón-Bel Fernando , García-Martínez Javier
Published: February 2024

While chemistry has a role as the central science, other sciences are also central to solving the problems that lie ahead. To be more effective in this endeavor, we need to connect disciplines and break down the silos that artificially separate them.
Democratizing nucleic acid-based molecular diagnostic tests for infectious diseases at resource-limited settings – from point of care to extreme point of care
Authors: Chakraborty Suman
Published: February 2024

The recurring instances of infectious disease outbreaks, coupled with complications such as comorbidity challenges and antibiotic resistance, ignite innovations in accurate, accessible and affordable diagnostic tests.
Multiphysics analytical and numerical studies of biomolecule preconcentration utilizing ion concentration polarization: a case study of convergent microchannels
Authors: Dang Van-Truong , Pham Van-Sang
Published: February 2024

A convergent sector in microfluidic devices utilizing ion concentration polarization (ICP) can help increase the preconcentration rate and the concentration enhancement factor (CEF) of biomolecules.
A label-free and immobilization-free approach for constructing photoelectrochemical nucleic acid sensors utilizing DNA–silver nanoparticle affinity interactions
Authors: Yi Jing , Dong Jiayao , Zheng Yawen , Liu Liu , Zhu Ji , Tang Hongwu
Published: February 2024

This study presents a photoelectrochemical sensing platform for nucleic acid detection based on the on the varying protective effects of single-stranded DNA of different lengths against silver nanoparticles.
Enantioselective synthesis of tricyclic oxoquinolines via NHC-catalyzed Michael-aldol-lactamization-dehydration cascade
Authors: Barik Shilpa , Sankar Ganga , Biju Akkattu T.
Published: February 2024

NHC-catalyzed cascade reaction of enals with malonates bearing a 2-aminophenyl group leading to the enantioselective synthesis of tricyclic oxoquinolines via the chiral α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums is presented.
One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of fluorophore-modified cerium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Tsyupka Daria V. , Pigarev Sergey V. , Podkolodnaya Yuliya A. , Khudina Ekaterina A. , Popova Nelli R. , Goryacheva Irina Yu. , Goryacheva Olga A.
Published: February 2024

Fluorophore-modified cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs), which have powerful antioxidant properties and high fluorescence intensity, are promising nanomaterials for the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Green tea polyphenols inhibit TBBPA-induced lung injury via enhancing antioxidant capacity and modulating the NF-κB pathway in mice
Authors: Lv Hongli , Wang Jingjing , Geng Yuan , Xu Tianchao , Han Fuxin , Gao Xue-jiao , Guo Meng-yao
Published: February 2024

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a global pollutant. When TBBPA is absorbed by the body through various routes, it can have a wide range of harmful effects on the body.
Photoredox streamlines electrocatalysis: photoelectrosynthesis of polycyclic pyrimidin-4-ones through carbocyclization of unactivated alkenes with malonates
Authors: Tao Minglin , Feng Qin , Gong Kaixing , Yang Xuege , Shi Lou , Chang Qiaowen , Liang Deqiang
Published: February 2024

A new photoelectrocatalytic mode permits the synthesis of polycyclic pyrimidin-4-ones through dehydrogenative cyclization of malonates with unactivated alkenes.
Catalyst-free activation of N–C(O) Amide bonds – efficient cascade synthesis of N-acyl thiocarbamides in batch and continuous-flow
Authors: Govindan Karthick , Chen Nian-Qi , Lin Wei-Yu
Published: February 2024

We developed, a sustainable approach for the direct synthesis of activated amides (N-acyl saccharin) into divergent thiocarbamide derivatives using thiocyanate salts and 2-MeTHF as a green solvent.
Lysosome-targeting solid state NIR emissive donor–acceptor molecules: a study on photophysical modulation through architectural distinction
Authors: Kushwaha Ashish Kumar , Srivastava Ankit Kumar , Kumar Pradeep , Kumar Anjani , Srikrishna Saripella , Singh Roop Shikha
Published: February 2024

The prevalence of the D–A strategy in achieving red-shifted emission has been established through designing D–A molecules of D–A–D and A–D–A constructs.
Phosphorus–nitrogen compounds. Part 73. Dispiromono and dispirobicyclotetraphosphazene derivatives: syntheses, and spectroscopic, crystallographic and thermal studies
Authors: Elmas Gamze , Okumuş Aytuğ , Kılıç Zeynel , Hökelek Tuncer
Published: February 2024

The synthetic, structural properties of new mono/bicyclocyclotetraphosphazenes were investigated. The formation pathways of bicyclophosphazenes were discussed, and also thermal characterization of the cyclotetraphosphazenes was evaluated.
Realizing ampere-level CO2 electrolysis at low voltage over a woven network of few-atom-layer ultralong silverene nanobelts with ultrahigh aspect ratio by pairing with formaldehyde oxidation
Authors: Zhang Min , Wang Xinyu , Ding Junjie , Ban Chaogang , Feng Yajie , Xu Chaohe , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: February 2024

An electrocatalytic conductive network assembled from the atomically thin silverene nanobelts endows such membranous catalyst with the ability to achieve co-electrolysis of CO2 reduction and formaldehyde oxidation at low voltage.
Expression of concern: Intelligent nanoflowers: a full tumor microenvironment-responsive multimodal cancer theranostic nanoplatform
Authors: Jing Xunan , Xu Yanzi , Liu Daomeng , Wu Youshen , Zhou Na , Wang Daquan , Yan Kai , Meng Lingjie
Published: February 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Intelligent nanoflowers: a full tumor microenvironment-responsive multimodal cancer theranostic nanoplatform’ by Xunan Jing et al., Nanoscale, 2019, 11, 15508–15518, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NR04768A.
Vanillin-based dual dynamic epoxy building block: a promising accelerator for disulfide vitrimers
Authors: Guggari Solène , Magliozzi Fiona , Malburet Samuel , Graillot Alain , Destarac Mathias , Guerre Marc
Published: February 2024

A dual-dynamic bio-based epoxy building block (DDBB) with both imine and disulfide bonds synthesized from cystamine and vanillin showed accelerated dynamic exchanges in disulfide vitrimer formulations.
Anthraquinone-based covalent organic framework as a recyclable direct hydrogen atom transfer photocatalyst for C–H functionalization
Authors: Wang Zitong , Yeary Pierce , Fan Yingjie , Lin Wenbin
Published: February 2024

A COF-based catalyst was synthesized to activate C–H bonds for C–C/C–N coupling via hydrogen atom transfer. The catalyst can be easily recycled, allowing downstream modification of the product to realize C–H to C–N/C–S/C–O transformations.
Friend or foe? Reciprocal regulation between E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases
Authors: Bolhuis Derek L. , Emanuele Michael J. , Brown Nicholas G.
Published: February 2024

Protein ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that entails the covalent attachment of the small protein ubiquitin (Ub), which acts as a signal to direct protein stability, localization, or interactions. The Ub code is written by a family of enzymes called E3 Ub ligases (∼600 members in humans), which can catalyze the transfer of either a single ubiquitin or the formation of a diverse array of polyubiquitin chains. This code can be edited or erased by a different set of enzymes termed deubiquitinases (DUBs; ∼100 members in humans). While enzymes from these distinct families have seemingly opposing activities, certain E3–DUB pairings can also synergize to regulate vital cellular processes like gene expression, autophagy, innate immunity, and cell proliferation. In this review, we highlight recent studies describing Ub ligase-DUB interactions and focus on their relationships.
Blockchain for finance: A survey
Authors: Wu Hanjie , Yao Qian , Liu Zhenguang , Huang Butian , Zhuang Yuan , Tang Huayun , Liu Erwu
Published: February 2024

As an innovative technology for enhancing authenticity, security, and risk management, blockchain is being widely adopted in trade and finance systems. The unique capabilities of blockchain, such as immutability and transparency, enable new business models of distributed data storage, point‐to‐point transactions, and decentralized autonomous organizations. Here, the authors focus on blockchain‐based securities trading, in which blockchain technology plays a vital role in financial services as it ultimately lifts trust and frees the need for third‐party verification by using consensus‐based verification. The 12 most popular blockchain platforms are investigated and 6 platforms that are related to finance are elaborated on, seeking to provide a panorama of securities trading practices. Meanwhile, this survey provides a comprehensive summary of blockchain‐based securities trading applications. Numerous practical applications of blockchain‐based securities trading are gathered and they are categorized into four distinct categories. For each category, a typical example is introduced and how blockchain contributes to solving the key problems faced by FinTech companies and researchers explained. Finally, interesting observations are provided ranging from mainstream blockchain‐based financial institutions to security issues of decentralized finance applications, aiming to picture the current blockchain ecosystem in finance.
Adaptable integrated sensing and communication for UAV‐empowered 6G networks
Authors: Yang Yan , Zhao Jianwei , Gao Feifei , Jia Weimin , Mu Di
Published: February 2024

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising technique for unmanned aerial vehicle‐empowered 6G networks. This letter proposes a novel, adaptable ISAC mechanism. Firstly, both the communication and sensing channel models under the Doppler and beam‐squint effects are investigated. Then, an adaptive sensing method is proposed by the joint design of signal echo sensing and beam‐squint sensing under practical environment. Specifically, when the echo power is larger than the minimum detectable power, the proposed method could realize the effective sensing by utilizing the system model without feedback. Otherwise, the proposed method could exploit the beam‐squint for sensing with the feedback of the sub‐carrier index. Finally, various simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
A method for localization TDOA estimation based on signal‐level fusion and analysis
Authors: Hu Dexiu , Wang Zewen , Huang Jie , Li Pangzhe
Published: February 2024

Passive localization using time difference of arrival (TDOA) is one of the common methods for radiated source target localization, and its localization performance depends on the accuracy of TDOA estimation. In many localization scenarios, the signals of target are intricate and often contain multiple ones, so how to effectively extract the time difference parameters from them becomes a difficult problem. This letter proposes a signal‐level fusion method for TDOA estimation to address this problem. At the receiver terminal, multiple signals are fused to obtain their cross‐ambiguity function, so as to estimate the TDOA value for target localization. The effect of fused signals on the accuracy of TDOA estimation is analyzed and the concept of frequency depression is proposed. Simulation experiments verify that the estimation method with signal‐level fusion gets a higher accuracy of the TDOA value and a smaller position error in target localization.
Optimal overcurrent relay coordination: Balancing costs, time performance and generator placement in fault current limiter optimization
Authors: Mohamedshareef Ribin , Abapour Mehdi , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Seyedi Heresh
Published: February 2024

The integration of synchronous generators (SG) to the grid will present serious problems in some instances. The increase in fault current level is one of the most crucial issues, which causes miscoordination between directional over current relays (DOCRs), in addition to putting excessive pressure on the circuit breakers. This research uses the Fault Current Limiters (FCL) to restore coordination, without changing the settings of DOCRs, by reducing the level of fault current in the grid. The main goal of this research is to find the optimal size, location, and number of FCLs at the minimum cost and with the least operation time for the relays, using Jellyfish Search Optimisation (JSO) algorithm. This can be achieved through three different approaches. The first one is optimizing the location, number, and impedance size of the FCL by minimising a cost function. The second approach involves optimizing the backup relay operation time. A combination of the two previous approaches is used as the third approach. The outstanding feature of this research is that it considers the optimal location of DG and FCL while optimizing the operation times of DOCRs, which is a new framework.
Voltage angle‐based coherency identification in power system
Authors: Alnassar Zainab , Selukka Thulasiram Nagarajan
Published: February 2024

Coherency detection in power system is vital step for controlled‐islanding. Model‐based slow‐coherency method is the traditional method of detecting coherent areas, which suffers from computational burdens. With the implementation of a wide‐area measurement system (WAMS) in power systems, coherent areas can be detected early after a disturbance that helps to ensure quick separation or remedial action. In this study, a novel Synchrophasor‐based coherency identification method has been proposed with bus voltage angle measurement. A new algorithm is proposed based on the first and second derivatives of the bus voltage phase angle using hierarchical clustering method for coherency detection. The proposed approach leverages hierarchical clustering method and the dynamics reflected in the bus voltage phase angle behavior to achieve automatic and accurate coherency identification. Real time simulation results demonstrate the ability of the proposed algorithm to detect the coherency with three consecutive PMU data from all the system buses and showcase coherent area boundaries. Case studies show robustness of the proposed method and is least affected by the latency in communication network compared to conventional methods. The proposed algorithm has been mathematically formulated and evaluated with different benchmark systems in OPAL‐RT real‐time simulation environment with HYPERSIM platform.
Multi‐exposure embeddings for graph learning: Towards high dynamic range image saliency prediction
Authors: Xing Jun , Zhang Qiudan , Shen Xuelin , Wang Xu
Published: February 2024

Identifying saliency in high dynamic range (HDR) images is a fundamentally important issue in HDR imaging, and plays critical roles towards comprehensive scene understanding. Most of existing studies leverage hand‐crafted features for HDR image saliency prediction, lacking the capabilities of fully exploiting the characteristics of HDR image (i.e. wider luminance range and richer colour gamut). Here, systematical studies are carried out on HDR image saliency prediction by proposing a new framework to single out the contributions from multi‐exposure images. Specifically, inspired by the mechanism of HDR imaging, the method first utilizes graph neural networks to model the relations among multi‐exposure images and the tone‐mapped image obtained from an HDR image, enabling more discriminative saliency‐related feature representations. Subsequently, the saliency features driven by global semantic knowledge are aggregated from the tone‐mapped image through enhancing global context‐aware semantic information. Finally, a fusion module is designed to integrate saliency‐oriented feature representations originated from multi‐exposure images and the tone‐mapped image, producing the saliency maps of HDR images. Moreover, a new challenging HDR eye fixation database (HDR‐EYEFix) is created, expecting to further contribute the research on HDR image saliency prediction. Experiment results show that the method obtains superior performance compared to the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
A novel automatic annotation method for whole slide pathological images combined clustering and edge detection technique
Authors: Ding Wei‐long , Liao Wan‐yin , Zhu Xiao‐jie , Zhu Hong‐bo
Published: February 2024

Pixel‐level labeling of regions of interest in an image is a key step in building a labeled training dataset for supervised deep learning networks of images. However, traditional manual labeling of cancerous regions in digital pathological images by doctors is time‐consuming and inefficient. To address this issue, this paper proposes an automatic labeling method for whole slide images, which combines clustering and edge detection techniques. The proposed method utilizes the multi‐level feature fusion model and the Long‐Short Term Memory network to discriminate the cancerous nature of the whole slide images, thereby improving the classification accuracy of the whole slide images. Subsequently, the automatic labeling of cancerous regions is achieved by integrating a density‐based clustering algorithm and an edge point extraction algorithm, both based on the discriminated results of the cancerous properties of whole slide images. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which offers an efficient and accurate solution to the challenging task of cancerous region labeling in digital pathological images.
Photovoltaic inverter-based quantification of snow conditions and power loss
Authors: Cooper Emma C. , Burnham Laurie , Braid Jennifer L.
Published: February 2024

Snow is a significant challenge for photovoltaic (PV) systems at northern latitudes, where the pace of deployment is rapid but snow-related power losses can exceed 30% of annual production. Accurate snow-related power loss estimation methods for utility-scale sites can support snow mitigation strategies, inform resource planning and validate predictive snow-loss models. This study builds on our previous work on inverter-based detection of snow, and its implications for utility-scale power production, by validating the accuracy of our snow-loss method across different PV sites and system designs and highlighting its value in bringing greater visibility to PV plant operations in winter. Our estimation method is both novel and scalable, requiring only standard monitoring data to correlate snow-related losses with meteorological data. As demonstrated here, our validation method involved three main steps: 1) estimation of performance losses for multiple systems by comparing measured inverter data to modeled data; 2) application of a detection framework to identify which performance losses are snow-related; and 3) comparison of snow-related losses among three utility-scale sites differing in tilt angle. Results show that utility-scale systems at higher tilt angles consistently shed snow more quickly/completely than their lower-tilt counterparts. Further, monthly and seasonal snow losses are inversely and non-linearly correlated with tilt angle when normalized for cumulative snowfall. These results are consistent with the findings of previous studies and support the broad applicability of this method to fixed-tilt utility-scale PV systems around the world that routinely experience snow-related performance losses.
The Impact of Aging on the Function of Retinal Ganglion Cells
Authors: Prinz Julia , Walter Peter , Liu Hanhan , Prokosch Verena
Published: February 2024

Aging is a major risk factor for retinal neurodegenerative diseases. Aged mammalian
retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) lack the ability to regenerate axons after injury. Rodent
models suggest that older age increases the vulnerability of RGCs to injury and impairs
RGC function as well as their functional recovery. Molecular changes – including decreased
circulating levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) – might contribute to
impaired RGC dendritic extension during aging. Moreover, age-related mitochondrial
dysfunction plays a major role in aging processes, as it leads to reduced adenosine
triphosphate and increased generation of reactive oxygen species. Autophagy activity is
necessary for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and decreases with aging in the
central nervous system. During aging, vascular insufficiency may lead to impaired oxygen
and nutrient supply to RGCs. Microglial cells undergo morphological changes and functional
impairment with aging, which might compromise retinal homeostasis and promote an
inflammatory environment. Addressing these age-related changes by means of a low-energy
diet, exercise, and neurotrophic factors might prevent age-related functional impairment
of RGCs. This review focuses on the current understanding of aging RGCs and key players
modulating those underlying mechanisms.
Matrix product states and the decay of quantum conditional mutual information
Authors: Svetlichnyy Pavel , Mittal Shivan , Kennedy T. A. B.
Published: February 2024

A uniform matrix product state defined on a tripartite system of spins, denoted by ABC, is shown to be an approximate quantum Markov chain when the size of subsystem B, denoted |B|, is large enough. The quantum conditional mutual information (QCMI) is investigated and proved to be bounded by a function proportional to exp(−q(|B| − K) + 2K ln |B|), with q and K computable constants. The properties of the bounding function are derived by a new approach, with a corresponding improved value given for its asymptotic decay rate q. We show the improved value of q to be optimal. Numerical investigations of the decay of QCMI are reported for a collection of matrix product states generated by selecting the defining isometry with respect to Haar measure.
The surface counter-terms of the ϕ44 theory on the half space R+×R3
Authors: Borji Majdouline , Kopper Christoph
Published: February 2024

In a previous work, we established perturbative renormalizability to all orders of the massive ϕ44-theory on a half-space also called the semi-infinite massive ϕ44-theory. Five counter-terms which are functions depending on the position in the space, were needed to make the theory finite. The aim of the present paper is to establish that for a particular choice of the renormalization conditions the effective action consists of a part which is independent of the boundary conditions (Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin) plus a boundary term in the case of the Robin and Neumann boundary conditions. The key idea of our method is the decomposition of the correlators into a bulk part, which is defined as the scalar field model on the full space R4 with a quartic interaction restricted to the half-space, plus a remainder which we call “the surface part.” We analyse this surface part and establish perturbatively that the ϕ44 theory in R+×R3 is made finite by adding the bulk counter-terms and two additional counter-terms to the bare interaction in the case of Robin and Neumann boundary conditions. These surface counter-terms are position independent and are proportional to ∫Sϕ2 and ∫Sϕ∂nϕ. For Dirichlet boundary conditions, we prove that no surface counter-terms are needed and the bulk counter-terms are sufficient to renormalize the connected amputated (Dirichlet) Schwinger functions. A key technical novelty as compared to our previous work is a proof that the power counting of the surface part of the correlators is better by one scaling dimension than their bulk counterparts.
Effect of nonlinearity induced by atomic switch in Ag/Ag2S nanoparticles on performance of in-materio reservoir computing
Authors: Dang Thien Tan , Srikimkaew Oradee , Banerjee Deep , Azhari Saman , Usami Yuki , Tanaka Hirofumi
Published: February 2024

A random network of Ag/Ag2S nanoparticles (NPs) was used as a physical system in reservoir computing (RC) because the network has nonlinear and dynamical characteristics. Ag/Ag2S NPs were synthesized by the modified Brust–Schiffrin method. Atomic switching among the NPs caused nonlinear dynamical behavior of the random network. The Fourier transform of output signals indicated that the generated harmonics were far higher with a larger amplitude of the input sine wave because the atomic switching occurred only at high bias voltages. Higher accuracy was achieved in the Boolean logic RC task because of the nonlinearity originating from switching. These findings suggest that nonlinearity plays a fundamental role in the design and implementation of RC devices.
From KMS Fusion to HB11 Energy and Xcimer Energy, a personal 50 year IFE perspective
Authors: Mehlhorn Thomas A.
Published: February 2024

Shortly after the laser was invented in 1960, scientists sought to use it for thermonuclear fusion. By 1963, Livermore had a classified laser inertial confinement fusion (ICF) program and leaders predicted scientific breakeven by 1973. In 1974, KMS Fusion, Inc. announced thermonuclear neutrons from a laser target and promised grid electricity within 10 years. Private capital was attracted, but the data fell far short of the optimistic simulations. Magnetic fusion energy has had civilian funding (DOE), while ICF has primarily received military funding (DOE Defense Programs and now NNSA). As bigger lasers have been built and better simulations performed, optimism about ICF breakeven has waxed and waned. The achievement of ignition and gain on NIF has validated ICF's scientific basis, and the DOE and venture capital funded private companies are again interested in inertial fusion energy (IFE). The new DOE Milestone-Based Fusion Development Program is creating public–private partnerships to accelerate progress toward fusion pilot plants. ARPA-E, DOE INFUSE, and DOE IFE STAR are also building a U.S. IFE program within DOE. The U.S. leads in ICF, but developing IFE is an international competition. Private companies are leading the way. HB11 Energy Pty Ltd. is pursuing the aneutronic proton–boron fuel cycle. Xcimer Energy is developing a disruptive IFE technology to achieve high laser energies at dramatically lower costs. This 50-year perspective discusses where the U.S. IFE program is headed and promising strategies for progress in establishing an effective U.S. IFE program from both public and private perspectives.
A solid-state high harmonic generation spectrometer with cryogenic cooling
Authors: Kohrell Finn , Nebgen Bailey R. , Spies Jacob A. , Hollinger Richard , Zong Alfred , Uzundal Can , Spielmann Christian , Zuerch Michael
Published: February 2024

Solid-state high harmonic generation (sHHG) spectroscopy is a promising technique for studying electronic structure, symmetry, and dynamics in condensed matter systems. Here, we report on the implementation of an advanced sHHG spectrometer based on a vacuum chamber and closed-cycle helium cryostat. Using an in situ temperature probe, it is demonstrated that the sample interaction region retains cryogenic temperature during the application of high-intensity femtosecond laser pulses that generate high harmonics. The presented implementation opens the door for temperature-dependent sHHG measurements down to a few Kelvin, which makes sHHG spectroscopy a new tool for studying phases of matter that emerge at low temperatures, which is particularly interesting for highly correlated materials.
Enhanced orbital magnetic moment of Co film grown on Fe3O4(001)
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Lu Xianyang , Li Zhihao , Li Zhuoyi , Yan Yu , Chen Yuzhe , Du Jun , Zhu Fangyuan , Cao Jiefeng , Wang Yong , Li Yao , He Liang , Wu Jing , Zhang Rong , Xu Yongbing
Published: February 2024

We investigate the magnetic and electronic properties of Co films on Fe3O4(001) achieved through epitaxial growth using magnetron sputtering. X-ray magnetic circularly dichroism measurements characterize the atomic magnetism. Compared to Co films on the MgO substrate, Co on Fe3O4 exhibits a 96% enhancement in orbital magnetic moment (from 0.25 to 0.49 µB/atom) and an increase in spin magnetic moment (from 1.37 to 1.53 µB/atom), resulting in an increased mratio(ml/ms) from 0.18 to 0.32. This enhancement of the orbital moment emerges as a consequence of the interface interaction between Co and Fe3O4. Density functional theory calculations attribute this heightened orbital magnetic moment to the robust electronic exchange interactions. Our findings not only offer insights into the modulation of magnetic and electronic characteristics in Co-based magnetic heterostructures but also provide valuable implications for the potential application of magnetic oxide/ferromagnetic heterostructures in future spintronic devices.
Origin of microscopically coupled ferromagnetic Cu-ions in a distorted system of Cu-doped ZnO and their synchrotron-based electronic structures
Authors: Kumar A. , Ghosh T. , Aabdin Z. , Roy J. , Verma V. K. , Ghosh A. , Sahoo S. K. , Urkude R. , Bhunia S. , Goutam U. K. , Amemiya K. , Kandasami A. , Singh V. R.
Published: February 2024

Spintronics-based studies have produced significant attention in the last decade while claiming the observation of room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM). Nevertheless, there is a lack of consensus on a mechanism responsible for this phenomenon. In this study, we focus on Cu-doped ZnO (ZCO) to understand the microscopic origin of RTFM and the role of different oxidation states of Cu in RTFM. We have performed different spectroscopic techniques using synchrotron facilities. The values of spin-moment obtained from x-ray magnetic circular dichroism sum-rule truly exhibit a ferromagnetic interaction in the nanocrystalline powder of ZCO with ∼0.58 μB for 5% of Cu concentration in the total fluorescence yield mode. Such an enhanced magnetization is attributed to the presence of Cu2+, which is mainly localized in the bulk region. Cu in ZCO is mostly dominated by the presence of Cu2+. This is clearly reflected by the profiles of x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Consequently, the weakly magnetized total electron yield mode is attributed to a state of magnetic frustration as the majority of Cu3+ is found on the surface. Some of these Cu3+ when come in the vicinity of Cu2+ ions result in a highly correlated state of double exchange mechanism, which is the microscopic origin of RTFM in ZCO. The coupling between Cu2+-Cu3+ is mediated via oxygen vacancies (VO), the presence of which is confirmed through the features of electron energy loss spectroscopy over different edges. The confirmation of VO is also supported by the deconvolution of E2high-phonon in the Raman spectra. Moreover, the defects in the local electronic structures of ZCO are demonstrated by the deconvoluted spectra of Cu L3 x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The images obtained from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirm the incorporation of Cu into the wurtzite crystal of ZnO. A clear enhancement in magnetization upon an increase in carriers of Cu in ZCO indicates carrier-induced ferromagnetism. Cu2+ and VO are the two attributes of RTFM in ZCO.
High-temperature transport properties of entropy-stabilized pyrochlores
Authors: Miruszewski Tadeusz , Vayer Florianne , Jaworski Daniel , Bérardan David , Decorse Claudia , Bochentyn Beata , Sheptyakov Denis , Gazda Maria , Dragoe Nita
Published: February 2024

In this report, the high-temperature transport properties of (Dy1−xCax)(Zr0.2Hf0.2Sn0.2Ti0.2Ge0.2)O7 pyrochlore oxides with x = 0, 0.05, and 0.1 are studied in dry and humid air. The phase composition and crystal structure were determined by using x-ray and neutron diffraction. The addition of calcium to the structure caused an increase in the concentration of oxygen vacancies, indicating an ionic charge compensation mechanism. Electrical studies allowed us to determine the total electrical conductivity as a function of the synthesis atmosphere and pH2O. The electrical conductivity turned out to be at the level of ∼10−3 S/cm at 800 °C, and only a slight effect of the presence of protonic defects in the structure on the total electrical conductivity was observed. In general, the samples had a low electrical conductivity with a relatively high activation energy of conduction.
Coulomb Green’s function and an addition formula for the Whittaker functions
Authors: Šťovíček Pavel
Published: February 2024

A series of the form ∑ℓ=0∞c(κ,ℓ)Mκ,ℓ+1/2(r0)Wκ,ℓ+1/2(r)Pℓ(cos(γ)) is evaluated explicitly where c(κ, ℓ) are suitable complex coefficients, Mκ,μ and Wκ,μ are the Whittaker functions, Pℓ are the Legendre polynomials, r0 < r are radial variables, γ is an angle and κ is a complex parameter. The sum depends, as far as the radial variables and the angle are concerned, on their combinations r + r0 and (r2+r02−2rr0⁡cos(γ))1/2. This addition formula generalizes in some respect Gegenbauer’s Addition Theorem and follows rather straightforwardly from some already known results, particularly from Hostler’s formula for Coulomb Green’s function. In addition, several complementary summation formulas are derived. They suggest that a further extension of this addition formula may be possible.