bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causes of death among women with breast cancer: A follow‐up study of 50 481 women with breast cancer in Finland
Authors: Katuwal Sushmita , Jousilahti Pekka , Pukkala Eero
Published: April 2021

Our study aims to assess mortality from causes other than breast cancer among women with breast cancer with focus on indications of joint aetiology. Data on female breast cancer patients were obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry and their underlying causes of death in 54 categories from the Statistics Finland. Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for 50 481 patients diagnosed between 1971 and 2000 and followed until December 2012, stratified by histology, age at diagnosis and time since diagnosis. The expected numbers of deaths were based on respective mortality rates among the Finnish general population. Hazard ratio (HR) was estimated from Poisson regression model to compare risks of cause of death by histology. 41% of 30 841 deaths were due to causes other than breast cancer. Significant excess mortality was observed for stomach cancer (SMR 1.43, 95% CI 1.26‐1.62), circulatory system diseases (SMR 1.17, 95% CI 1.14‐1.20) and suicide (SMR 1.51, 95% CI 1.28‐1.78). In an age‐adjusted analysis, significantly higher relative risk of stomach cancer mortality was observed for lobular vs ductal subtype (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.32‐3.02). Significantly increased SMRs were observed for cancers of respiratory organs among premenopausal women, and for other respiratory system diseases, dementia and Alzheimer disease among postmenopausal women. We conclude that female breast cancer patients are at increased risk of death from causes other than the breast cancer diagnosis including circulatory and respiratory system diseases and cancer of stomach, ovary and respiratory systems. The excess mortality because of different causes varies based on menopausal status and histology. There might be shared aetiological factors between the diagnosis of breast cancer and the causes of death among these patients.
Culture strategy as a modulator of target assessments: Functionality of suspension versus hanging drop‐derived choriocarcinoma spheroids as in vitro model of embryo implantation
Authors: Kazemi Mahsa , Jajarmi Vahid , Nazarian Hamid , Ghaffari Novin Marefat , Salehpour Saghar , Piryaei Abbas , Heidari Khoei Heidar , Choobineh Hamid , Abdollahifar Mohammad Amin , Haji Molla Hoseini Mostafa , Heidari Mohammad Hasan
Published: April 2021

The choriocarcinoma spheroid model has been amply applied to study the underlying molecular mechanism of implantation. Reproducibility and functionality of spheroid tumor models were addressed precisely. To mimic embryo‐endometrium crosstalk, no functional characteristics of spheroids have been provided based on culture strategies. In this study, choriocarcinoma spheroids were provided as suspension culture (SC) or hanging drop culture (HDC). Primary assessments were performed based on morphology, cellular density, and hormonal secretion. Spheroid‐endometrial cross talk was assessed as coculture procedures. Further, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of genes involved in attachment, invasion, and inducing migration were quantified. We found HDC spheroids provided a homogenous‐shaped aggregate with a high grade of viability, cellular integration, hormonal secretion, and the dominant role of WNTs expression in their microarchitecture. SC spheroids showed a higher level of ALP activity and the expression of integrated genes in modulating attachment, invasion, and migration abilities. Spheroid confrontation assays clearly clarified the superiority of SC spheroids to crosstalk with epithelial and stromal cells of endometrium in addition to motivating an ideal endometrial response. Conclusively, culture strategies by affecting various molecular signaling pathways should be chosen precisely according to specific target assessments. Specifically, SC assumed as an ideal model in spheroid‐endometrial cross talk.
Hand hygiene during the COVID‐19 pandemic among people experiencing homelessness—Atlanta, Georgia, 2020
Authors: Montgomery Martha P. , Carry Monique G. , Garcia‐Williams Amanda G. , Marshall Brittany , Besrat Bethlehem , Bejarano Franco , Carlson Joshua , Rutledge Ty , Mosites Emily
Published: April 2021

People experiencing homelessness are at risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and may experience barriers to hand hygiene, a primary recommendation for COVID‐19 prevention. We conducted in‐depth interviews with 51 people experiencing sheltered and unsheltered homelessness in Atlanta, Georgia during May 2020 to August 2020 to (1) describe challenges and opportunities related to hand hygiene and (2) assess hand hygiene communication preferences. The primary hand hygiene barrier reported was limited access to facilities and supplies, which has disproportionately impacted people experiencing unsheltered homelessness. This lack of access has reportedly been exacerbated during COVID‐19 by the closure of public facilities and businesses. Increased access to housing and employment were identified as long‐term solutions to improving hand hygiene. Overall, participants expressed a preference for access to facilities and supplies over hand hygiene communication materials.
Neuroimaging Phenotyping and Assessment of Structural‐Metabolic‐Electrophysiological Alterations in the Temporal Neocortex of Focal Cortical Dysplasia IIIa
Authors: Mo Jiajie , Wei Wei , Liu Zhenyu , Zhang Jianguo , Ma Yanshan , Sang Lin , Hu Wenhan , Zhang Chao , Wang Yao , Wang Xiu , Liu Chang , Zhao Baotian , Gao Dongmei , Tian Jie , Zhang Kai
Published: April 2021

Background

Focal cortical dysplasia IIIa (FCD IIIa) is a common histopathological finding in temporal lobe epilepsy. However, subtle alterations in the temporal neocortex of FCD IIIa renders presurgical diagnosis and definition of the resective range challenging.

Purpose

To explore neuroimaging phenotyping and structural‐metabolic‐electrophysiological alterations in FCD IIIa.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Subjects

One hundred and sixty‐seven subjects aged 4–39 years, including 64 FCD IIIa patients, 89 healthy controls and 14 FCD I patients as disease controls.

Field Strength/Sequence

3 T, fast‐spin‐echo T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), synthetic T1‐weighted magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE).

Assessment

Surface‐based linear model was applied to reveal neuroimaging phenotyping in FCD IIIa and assess its relationship with clinical variables. Logistic regression was implemented to identify FCD IIIa patients. Epileptogenicity mapping (EM) was conducted to explore the structural‐metabolic‐electrophysiological alterations in temporal neocortex of FCD IIIa.

Statistical Tests

Student's t‐test was applied to determine the significance of paired differences. Calibration curves were plotted to assess the goodness‐of‐fit (GOF) of the models, combined with the Hosmer‐Lemeshow test.

Results

FCD IIIa exhibited widespread hyperintensities in temporal neocortex, and these alterations correlated with disease duration (Puncorrected < 0.01). Machine learning model accurately identified 84.4% of FCD IIIa patients, 92.1% of healthy controls and 92.9% of FCD I patients. Cross‐modality analysis showed a significant negative correlation between FLAIR hyperintensity and positron emission tomography hypometabolism P < 0.01). Furthermore, epileptogenic cortices were located predominantly in brain regions with FLAIR hyperintensity and hypometabolism.

Data Conclusion

FCD IIIa exhibited widespread temporal neocortex FLAIR hyperintensity. Automated machine learning of neuroimaging patterns is conducive for accurate identification of FCD IIIa. The degree and distribution of morphological alterations related to the extent of metabolic and epileptogenic abnormalities, lending support to its potential value for reduction of the radiative and invasive approaches during presurgical workup.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy Stage

2
An analytical model of surface potential and capacitance in heterojunction SELBOX TFET
Authors: Ghosh Puja , Bhowmick Brinda
Published: April 2021

The Surface potential model based on 2D Poisson's equation of heterojunction Selective Buried Oxide (SELBOX) TFET has been predicted with appropriate boundary conditions in the rectangular coordinates. The device has been bifurcated into rectangular regions to perform an analysis of the electrostatic potential of the device. The potentials in the source and drain regions have been considered constant. The potential model is utilized to derive the mathematical relations for the electric field. Moreover, the affectability of drain voltage and gate voltage on capacitance has been explored by formulating the analytical model for capacitance. The charge model has also been articulated. The capacitance model considers depletion capacitances, inversion capacitances, and fringing capacitances of the proposed device. The total charge is modeled by considering the depletion charge and inner fringing charge at the source region with the dominancy of inversion charge at the channel region. Further, subthreshold swing (SS) based on band to band tunneling (BTBT) has been derived. The device behavior has been studied by incorporating quantum correction (QC). The analytically modeled results agree well with the TCAD simulation results.
Lymph node positivity and association with long‐term survival for different histologies of appendiceal cancer
Authors: Webb Christopher , Chang Yu‐Hui , Pockaj Barbara A. , Gray Richard J. , Stucky Chee‐Chee , Wasif Nabil
Published: April 2021

Background

Appendiceal cancers represent a diverse group of malignancies with varying biological behavior. The significance of lymph node metastases in relation to long‐term survival and chemotherapy response is poorly defined.

Methods

The National Cancer Database was queried to find patients diagnosed with appendiceal cancer from 1998 to 2012. Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to study the association between lymph node status and overall survival. Stage IV patients were excluded.

Results

The rate of nodal positivity of the 9841 patients with known node status was: signet ring 47.4%, carcinoid 42.3%, nonmucinous adenocarcinoma 28.8%, goblet cell 21.9%, and mucinous adenocarcinoma 20.4%. Node‐positive patients had worse long‐term survival for all subtypes with the exception of carcinoid tumors (p < 0.001). The strongest association was for signet cell and goblet cell. Adjuvant chemotherapy in node‐positive patients improved survival for mucinous, nonmucinous, and signet ring cell histology (p < 0.01), but not for goblet cell.

Conclusions

Nodal involvement in patients with appendiceal cancer varies in incidence, association with adverse survival, and response to systemic therapy. Individualized treatment algorithms for the management of the subtypes of appendiceal cancer are needed.
Plastic work constrained elastoplastic topology optimization
Authors: Ivarsson Niklas , Wallin Mathias , Amir Oded , Tortorelli Daniel A.
Published: April 2021

An elastoplastic topology optimization framework for limiting plastic work generation while maximizing stiffness is presented. The kinematics and constitutive model are based on finite strain linear isotropic hardening plasticity, and the balance laws are solved using a total Lagrangian finite element formulation. Aggregation of the specific plastic work combined with an adaptive normalization scheme efficiently constrains the maximum specific plastic work. The optimization problem is regularized using an augmented partial differential equation filter, and is solved by the method of moving asymptotes where path‐dependent sensitivities are derived using the adjoint method. The numerical examples show a clear dependence on the optimized maximum stiffness structures for different levels of constrained specific plastic work. It is also shown that due to the history dependency of the plasticity, the load path significantly influences the structural performance and optimized topology.
Development and validation of a predictive model algorithm to identify anaphylaxis in adults with type 2 diabetes in U.S. administrative claims data
Authors: Beachler Daniel C. , Taylor Devon H. , Anthony Mary S. , Yin Ruihua , Li Ling , Saltus Catherine W. , Li Lin , Shaunik Alka , Walsh Kathleen E. , Rothman Kenneth J. , Johannes Catherine B. , Aroda Vanita R. , Carr Warner , Goldberg Pinkus , Accardi Andrew , O'Shura John Shane , Sharma Kristen , Juhaeri Juhaeri , Lanes Stephan , Wu Chuntao
Published: April 2021

Purpose

To use medical record adjudication and predictive modeling methods to develop and validate an algorithm to identify anaphylaxis among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in administrative claims.

Methods

A conventional screening algorithm that prioritized sensitivity to identify potential anaphylaxis cases was developed and consisted of diagnosis codes for anaphylaxis or relevant signs and symptoms. This algorithm was applied to adults with T2D in the HealthCore Integrated Research Database (HIRD) from 2016 to 2018. Clinical experts adjudicated anaphylaxis case status from redacted medical records. We used confirmed case status as an outcome for predictive models developed using lasso regression with 10‐fold cross‐validation to identify predictors and estimate the probability of confirmed anaphylaxis.

Results

Clinical adjudicators reviewed medical records with sufficient information from 272 adults identified by the anaphylaxis screening algorithm, which had an estimated Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 65% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 60%–71%). The predictive model algorithm had a c‐statistic of 0.95. The model's probability threshold of 0.60 excluded 89% (84/94) of false positives identified by the screening algorithm, with a PPV of 94% (95% CI: 91%–98%). The model excluded very few true positives (15 of 178), and identified 92% (95% CI: 87%–96%) of the cases selected by the screening algorithm.

Conclusions

Predictive modeling techniques yielded an accurate algorithm with high PPV and sensitivity for identifying anaphylaxis in administrative claims. This algorithm could be considered in future safety studies using similar claims data to reduce potential outcome misclassification.
A green intumescent flame retardant system using an inositol‐based carbon source: preparation and characteristics in polypropylene
Authors: Ding Siyin , Liu Peng , Zhang Shimin , Ding Yanfen , Wang Feng , Gao Chong , Yang Mingshu
Published: April 2021

Inositol (Ino) is an ideal candidate carbon source for an intumescent flame retardant due to its polyhydroxy structure and biological origin. In the current study, Ino was modified with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and then compounded with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), forming a novel intumescent flame retardant incorporated into polypropylene (PP). The compounded APP with HDI‐modified Ino (APP/HIno) increased the char residue and improved the thermal stability of the PP composites as well as APP/Ino did. Furthermore, when replacing Ino with HIno, the limited oxygen index value and UL‐94 rating were improved from 20.9% and no rating of PP/APP/Ino‐30 composite to 34.0% and V‐0 rating of PP/APP/HIno‐30 composite. The limited oxygen index values of PP composites increased with dosage increase of APP/HIno, and a dosage of 23 wt% was enough for the PP composite to pass the V‐0 rating. It is suggested that APP/HIno better matched the degradation temperature of PP than APP/Ino and induced the formation of a char layer effectively. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
On‐Task in a Box as a classwide intervention: Effects on on‐task behavior and academic productivity
Authors: Rames‐LaPointe Jessica , Hixson Michael D.
Published: April 2021

Interventions that target on‐task behavior are essential, as on‐task behavior is linked to the amount of learning that occurs in a classroom. On‐Task in a Box is a manualized intervention to increase on‐task behavior that utilizes video modeling and self‐monitoring in conjunction with group contingencies. The current study evaluated the effects of the On‐Task in a Box intervention on student on‐task behavior and work completion when implemented as a classwide intervention. A multiple probe design across three elementary classrooms was utilized. All three classrooms demonstrated increases in the level of classwide on‐task behavior as measured through direct observation, but mixed results were found for work completion, measured by teacher direct behavior ratings. Teachers generally rated the intervention as effective and relatively easy to implement.
Links between proactive and reactive aggression and disciplinary actions among middle school‐age youth
Authors: Fite Paula J. , Abel Madelaine R. , Hesse Daryl R. , Griffith Rebecca L. , Doyle Rachel L.
Published: April 2021

The current study examined associations between proactive and reactive aggression and disciplinary actions in an academic year among middle school‐age youth at Time 1 (Fall) and 6‐month later (Spring) and evaluated school attachment as a moderator of these links. Findings indicated that reactive, not proactive, aggression was robustly positively associated with disciplinary actions in both Fall and Spring. School attachment was negatively associated with disciplinary action in both Fall and Spring but did not moderate the links between either function of aggression and disciplinary actions at either time point. Findings suggest that reactive, not proactive, aggression is linked with disciplinary actions at school, and this effect is independent of levels of school attachment. Implications for these findings are discussed.
A co‐fumigation strategy utilizing reduced rates of phosphine (PH3) and sulfuryl fluoride (SF) to control strongly resistant rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae)
Authors: Jagadeesan Rajeswaran , Singarayan Virgine T , Nayak Manoj K
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Managing resistance to phosphine (PH3) in rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, is challenging, as strongly resistant insects of this species require very high concentrations over lengthy exposure periods (>10 days). Recently, approaches that enhance the efficacy of PH3 have gained momentum to control this pest, especially co‐fumigations. In this study, efficacy of co‐fumigating PH3 with another commercially available fumigant, sulfuryl fluoride (SF), has been evaluated against adults and eggs of two PH3‐resistant strains of C. ferrugineus. Concentrations of the mixture, representing lower than current application rates of both fumigants, were tested towards its field use.

RESULTS

Co‐fumigation of PH3 with SF was achieved in two patterns: over a continuous exposure period of 168 h simultaneously and sequentially over two periods of 78 h, in which insects were exposed to SF first followed by PH3 with 12 h aeration in‐between. Results of simultaneous fumigations identified two effective co‐fumigation rates, SF 185 + PH3 168 g hm−3 and SF 370 + PH3 84 g hm−3 that yielded complete control of adults and eggs. These two rates also were equally effective when they were applied sequentially and produced consistent results. Irrespective of application methods, concentrations of both PH3 and SF failed individually in achieving complete mortality of either adults or eggs or both.

CONCLUSION

Our results confirmed that a co‐fumigation strategy involving half the current standard rate of PH3 (84 g hm−3) with one‐fourth of the current maximal registered rate of SF (370 g hm−3) can provide effective control of strongly PH3‐resistant C. ferrugineus.
Statistical testing for sufficient control chart performances during monitoring of grouped processes
Authors: Kostyszyn Kevin Nikolai , Brandstätter Tobias Claus , Vollmer Thomas , Schmitt Robert
Published: April 2021

With ISO 7870‐8, a standardized application of charting techniques for short runs and small mixed batches was presented in 2017. Similar to various scientific approaches, it requires that sample values from grouped processes follow nearly identical distributions. In practice, however, there tend to be differences between distribution parameters. Moreover, equal parameters do not ensure that distributions are properly aligned to the center line and control limits of the chart. These facts can lead to undesired control chart performances which can be expressed by average run lengths (ARL) during in‐control and out‐of‐control conditions. In this work, a statistical test for sufficient control chart performances during monitoring of grouped processes based on preliminary samples is proposed. Control chart performances are defined as sufficient when they deviate within acceptable ranges from usual performances during single process monitoring in mass production. The ARL resulting from estimated distributions and planned production sequences is used as test statistic and calculated via the Markov chain approach. Exemplary tests are executed for scenarios with individuals and cumulated sum (CUSUM) charts. A simulative determination of error rates resulting from the ARL‐based testing demonstrates its effectiveness in testing for sufficient control chart performances compared to an indirect testing with Levene's test and a one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Floating boat method for carbonate stable isotopic ratio determination in a GasBench II peripheral
Authors: Rangarajan Ravi , Pathak Pousali , Banerjee Sanchita , Ghosh Prosenjit
Published: April 2021

Rationale

Efficient high‐precision stable isotope ratio determination using the GasBench II peripheral for carbonates involves loading of a reaction vial with carbonate powder and injection of phosphoric acid of high density for carbonate digestion. Herein, we present an alternative method, which bypasses the need for acid dosing with an automated pump. The advantages of the new method include minimization of clogging within capillaries caused by the acid, acid spillage, and diffusive fractionation due to repeated piercing of the septa.

Methods

The alternative method involves the use of low‐cost boats preloaded with carbonate powder introduced into an Exetainer vial preinjected with phosphoric acid and placed within the compartment of a heated block maintained at a constant temperature in the GasBench II.

Results

The new method yielded an improvement in precision for δ13CVPDB and δ18OVPDB values during replicate analyses of NBS 19, with an overall precision of ±0.04‰ and ±0.06‰, respectively. The accuracy and precision of analysis using the conventional method and the floating boat method were statistically re‐evaluated using a bootstrap error analysis and Monte Carlo simulation methods.

Conclusions

The proposed floating boat method of acid digestion showed significant improvement in analytical procedure and overall precision. This method is easily adoptable in other laboratories and is free from frequent issues of needle clogging and irregular fractionation due to diffusion facilitated by repeated puncturing of septa, and can serve as an alternative method for high‐precision carbonate stable isotope analysis.
Evacuation of an anaesthetised dog from theatre due to a hospital fire alarm
Authors: Gregson Rachael , Clutton R. Eddie
Published: April 2021

An 8‐year‐old entire male Beagle was anaesthetised for repair of a ruptured cranial cruciate ligament in the left stifle. The anaesthesia and surgery proceeded uneventfully until a fire alarm necessitated evacuation from the theatre, initially to the assembly area in the Hospital for Small Animals’ car park, and then to the Equine Hospital's orthopaedic theatre for completion of surgery. The dog was maintained on gaseous anaesthesia throughout without incident and recovered well. Although we were able to move the dog promptly and safely while maintaining anaesthesia, this might not be possible or appropriate in other situations; the decision‐making process and options available in this case are discussed as well as safety and planning considerations raised by this situation.
Market Success: The Quest for the Objectives and Success Factors of Markets
Authors: Gimpel Henner , Hanny Lisa , Ott Marion , Wagner Jonathan , Weibelzahl Martin , Bichler Martin , Ober Steffi
Published: April 2021

Markets are an essential tool to coordinate complex systems. Engineering markets requires the consideration of numerous objectives and factors that will eventually determine the market’s success. These objectives and factors are frequently not well defined or elaborated. Hence, this chapter aims to support market design through a perspective on what determines market success. To this end, we review the literature, consider examples of market success and failure, and reflect on our ongoing work regarding future electricity market design. We provide a framework for market objectives and success factors with a focus on electricity markets. The framework could spur the identification of objectives and success factors of markets in other domains, and inform the engineering of future electricity markets.
Engineering Energy Markets: The Past, the Present, and the Future
Authors: Dinther Clemens van , Flath Christoph M. , Gaerttner Johannes , Huber Julian , Mengelkamp Esther , Schuller Alexander , Staudt Philipp , Weidlich Anke
Published: April 2021

Since the beginning of the energy sector liberalization, the design of energy markets has become a prominent field of research. Markets nowadays facilitate efficient resource allocation in many fields of energy system operation, such as plant dispatch, control reserve provisioning, delimitation of related carbon emissions, grid congestion management, and, more recently, smart grid concepts and local energy trading. Therefore, good market designs play an important role in enabling the energy transition toward a more sustainable energy supply for all. In this chapter, we retrace how market engineering shaped the development of energy markets and how the research focus shifted from national wholesale markets to more decentralized and location-sensitive concepts.
Extremal correlators and random matrix theory
Authors: Grassi Alba , Komargodski Zohar , Tizzano Luigi
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We study the correlation functions of Coulomb branch operators of four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 Superconformal Field Theories (SCFTs). We focus on rank-one theories, such as the SU(2) gauge theory with four fundamental hypermultiplets. “Extremal” correlation functions, involving exactly one anti-chiral operator, are perhaps the simplest nontrivial correlation functions in four-dimensional Quantum Field Theory. We show that the large charge limit of extremal correlators is captured by a “dual” description which is a chiral random matrix model of the Wishart-Laguerre type. This gives an analytic handle on the physics in some particular excited states. In the limit of large random matrices we find the physics of a non-relativistic axion-dilaton effective theory. The random matrix model also admits a ’t Hooft expansion in which the matrix is taken to be large and simultaneously the coupling is taken to zero. This explains why the extremal correlators of SU(2) gauge theory obey a nontrivial double scaling limit in states of large charge. We give an exact solution for the first two orders in the ’t Hooft expansion of the random matrix model and compare with expectations from effective field theory, previous weak coupling results, and we analyze the non-perturbative terms in the strong ’t Hooft coupling limit. Finally, we apply the random matrix theory techniques to study extremal correlators in rank-1 Argyres-Douglas theories. We compare our results with effective field theory and with some available numerical bootstrap bounds.
DCE-MRI in Glioma, Infiltration Zone and Healthy Brain to Assess Angiogenesis: A Biopsy Study
Authors: Keil Vera C. , Gielen Gerrit H. , Pintea Bogdan , Baumgarten Peter , Datsi Angeliki , Hittatiya Kanishka , Simon Matthias , Hattingen Elke
Published: April 2021

Purpose

To explore the focal predictability of vascular growth factor expression and neovascularization using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in glioma.

Methods

120 brain biopsies were taken in vital tumor, infiltration zone and normal brain tissue of 30 glioma patients: 17 IDH(isocitrate dehydrogenase)-wildtype glioblastoma (GBM), 1 IDH-wildtype astrocytoma °III (together prognostic group 1), 3 IDH-mutated GBM (group 2), 3 anaplastic astrocytomas IDH-mutated (group 3), 4 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and 2 low-grade oligodendrogliomas (together prognostic group 4). A mixed linear model evaluated the predictabilities of microvessel density (MVD), vascular area ratio (VAR), mean vessel size (MVS), vascular endothelial growth factor and receptors (VEGF-A, VEGFR‑2) and vascular endothelial-protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP) expression from Tofts model kinetic and model-free curve parameters.

Results

All kinetic parameters were associated with VEGF‑A (allp < 0.001) expression. Ktrans, kepand vewere associated with VAR (p = 0.006, 0.004 and 0.01, respectively) and MVS (p = 0.0001, 0.02 and 0.003, respectively) but not MVD (p = 0.84, 0.74 and 0.73, respectively). Prognostic groups differed in Ktrans(p = 0.007) and ve(p = 0.004) values measured in the infiltration zone. Despite significant differences of VAR, MVS, VEGF‑A, VEGFR‑2, and VE-PTP in vital tumor tissue and the infiltration zone (p = 0.0001 for all), there was no significant difference between kinetic parameters measured in these zones.

Conclusion

The DCE-MRI kinetic parameters show correlations with microvascular parameters in vital tissue and also reveal blood-brain barrier abnormalities in the infiltration zones adequate to differentiate glioma prognostic groups.
Erratum zu: Informationen zur medizinischen Vorgeschichte in der Notaufnahme
Authors: Lorsbach M. , Gillessen A. , Revering K. , Juhra C.
Published: April 2021

Ein Erratum zu dieser Publikation wurde veröffentlicht: 10.1007/s00063-020-00661-8
The olfactory nerve is not a likely route to brain infection in COVID-19: a critical review of data from humans and animal models
Authors: Butowt Rafal , Meunier Nicolas , Bryche Bertrand , von Bartheld Christopher S.
Published: April 2021

One of the most frequent symptoms of COVID-19 is the loss of smell and taste. Based on the lack of expression of the virus entry proteins in olfactory receptor neurons, it was originally assumed that the new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) does not infect olfactory neurons. Recent studies have reported otherwise, opening the possibility that the virus can directly infect the brain by traveling along the olfactory nerve. Multiple animal models have been employed to assess mechanisms and routes of brain infection of SARS-CoV-2, often with conflicting results. We here review the current evidence for an olfactory route to brain infection and conclude that the case for infection of olfactory neurons is weak, based on animal and human studies. Consistent brain infection after SARS-CoV-2 inoculation in mouse models is only seen when the virus entry proteins are expressed abnormally, and the timeline and progression of rare neuro-invasion in these and in other animal models points to alternative routes to the brain, other than along the olfactory projections. COVID-19 patients can be assured that loss of smell does not necessarily mean that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has gained access to and has infected their brains.
When rebuilding no longer means recovery: the stress of staying put after Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Koslov Liz , Merdjanoff Alexis , Sulakshana Elana , Klinenberg Eric
Published: April 2021

After a disaster, it is common to equate repopulation and rebuilding with recovery. Numerous studies link post-disaster relocation to adverse social, economic, and health outcomes. However, there is a need to reconsider these relationships in light of accelerating climate change and associated social and policy shifts in the USA, including the rising cost of flood insurance, the challenge of obtaining aid to rebuild, and growing interest in “managed retreat” from places at greatest risk. This article presents data from a survey of individuals who opted either to rebuild in place or relocate with the help of a voluntary home buyout after Hurricane Sandy. Findings show those who lived in buyout-eligible areas and relocated were significantly less likely to report worsened stress than those who rebuilt in place. This suggests access to a government-supported voluntary relocation option may, under certain circumstances, lessen the negative mental health consequences associated with disaster-related housing damage.
Cytocompatibility of Ti–xZr alloys as dental implant materials
Authors: Ou Pinghua , Hao Cong , Liu Jue , He Rengui , Wang Baoqi , Ruan Jianming
Published: April 2021

Ti–xZr (x = 5, 15, 25, 35, 45% wt%) alloys with low elastic modulus and high mechanical strength were fabricated as a novel implant material. The biocompatibility of the Ti–xZr alloys was evaluated by osteoblast-like cell line (MG63) in terms of cytotoxicity, proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic induction using CCK-8 and live/dead cell assays, electron microscopy, and real-time PCR. The Ti–xZr alloys were non-toxic and showed superior biomechanics compared to commercially pure titanium (cpTi). Ti–45Zr had the optimum strength/elastic modulus ratio and osteogenic activity, thus is a promising to used as dental implants.
Location Dynamic Tabu Routing Protocol for MANETs
Authors: Bujari Armir , De Giovanni Luigi , Palazzi Claudio E. , Ronzani Daniele
Published: April 2021

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks are currently experiencing a second youth in terms of research interest as well as providing benefits to our society. Clearly, this has been fostered by the wide range of applications that have become actually feasible thanks to the pervasive and increasing presence of smartphones, drones, sensors and other small devices with communication and sensing capability. Aiming to deploy solutions able to self-organize without the need for any infrastructure support, packet routing remains an open and critical research problem. Several routing solutions have been conceived to guarantee delivery and low overhead in this context. A promising approach, trying to limit the information needed and stored in the network, is represented bystatelesssolutions, a class of solutions not relying on topology state information. However, since they exploit local knowledge, the achieved performance in terms of packet delivery and latency is not always up to expectations. To this aim, we propose a dynamic routing protocol based on atabu searchapproach, relying on local network knowledge and in-packet short-term memory to alleviate the local minima problem. A through experimental assessment is conducted, measuring protocol performance under different configurations and profiles, evidencing its benefits.
Anti-intellectualism, instructive representations, and the intentional action argument
Authors: Springle Alison Ann , Humphreys Justin
Published: April 2021

Intellectualists hold that knowledge-how is a species of knowledge-that, and consequently that the knowledge involved in skill is propositional. In support of this view, the intentional action argument holds that since skills manifest in intentional action and since intentional action necessarily depends on propositional knowledge, skills necessarily depend on propositional knowledge. We challenge this argument, and suggest that instructive representations, as opposed to propositional attitudes, can better account for an agent’s reasons for action. While a propositional-causal theory of action, according to which intentional action must be causally produced “in the right way” by an agent’s proposition-involving reasons, has long held sway, we draw on Elizabeth Anscombe’s insights offer a path toward an alternative theory of action. In so doing, we reject the implicitly Cartesian conception of knowledge at the core of the intentional action argument, while hanging on to the idea that mental states are representations of a certain kind. Our argument provides theoretical support for anti-intellectualism by equipping philosophers with an account of non-propositional, practical content.
KCNQ Channels in the Mesolimbic Reward Circuit Regulate Nociception in Chronic Pain in Mice
Authors: Wang Hao-Ran , Hu Su-Wan , Zhang Song , Song Yu , Wang Xiao-Yi , Wang Lei , Li Yang-Yang , Yu Yu-Mei , Liu He , Liu Di , Ding Hai-Lei , Cao Jun-Li
Published: April 2021

Mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic (DA) neurons have been implicated in regulating nociception in chronic pain, yet the mechanisms are barely understood. Here, we found that chronic constructive injury (CCI) in mice increased the firing activity and decreased the KCNQ channel-mediated M-currents in ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Chemogenetic inhibition of the VTA-to-NAc DA neurons alleviated CCI-induced thermal nociception. Opposite changes in the firing activity and M-currents were recorded in VTA DA neurons projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) but did not affect nociception. In addition, intra-VTA injection of retigabine, a KCNQ opener, while reversing the changes of the VTA-to-NAc DA neurons, alleviated CCI-induced nociception, and this was abolished by injecting exogenous BDNF into the NAc. Taken together, these findings highlight a vital role of KCNQ channel-mediated modulation of mesolimbic DA activity in regulating thermal nociception in the chronic pain state.
Machine learning and a computational fluid dynamic approach to estimate phase composition of chemical vapor deposition boron carbide
Authors: Zeng Qingfeng , Gao Yong , Guan Kang , Liu Jiantao , Feng Zhiqiang
Published: April 2021

Chemical vapor deposition is an important method for the preparation of boron carbide. Knowledge of the correlation between the phase composition of the deposit and the deposition conditions (temperature, inlet gas composition, total pressure, reactor configuration, and total flow rate) has not been completely determined. In this work, a novel approach to identify the kinetic mechanisms for the deposit composition is presented. Machine leaning (ML) and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques are utilized to identify core factors that influence the deposit composition. It has been shown that ML, combined with CFD, can reduce the prediction error from about 25% to 7%, compared with the ML approach alone. The sensitivity coefficient study shows that BHCl2 and BCl3 produce the most boron atoms, while C2H4 and CH4 are the main sources of carbon atoms. The new approach can accurately predict the deposited boron–carbon ratio and provide a new design solution for other multi-element systems.
Augmented Reality in Esthetic Dentistry: a Case Report
Authors: Touati Romane , Fehmer Vincent , Ducret Maxime , Sailer Irena , Marchand Laurent
Published: April 2021

Purpose of Review

The aim of this case report was to illustrate the clinical procedure integrating augmented reality (AR) for complex patient cases requiring full mouth rehabilitation.

Recent Findings

The introduction of AR technology to the fields of medicine and dentistry has led to numerous applications in education, surgery, and esthetics. Recently, a new AR software was introduced in esthetic dentistry which allows for real-time smile projection and thus improves communication with patients and the dental laboratory.

The presented case shows a patient with multiple missing teeth, diastemata, and an impaired masticatory and phonetic ability. After reconstruction of the posterior zone, the AR software was used for the conception of the esthetic zone, integrating the patient into the decision-making process. The result was an esthetic rehabilitation applying palatal and buccal veneers which corresponded to the chosen AR design. The patient appreciated the opportunity to pre-visualize a possible final outcome in an interactive way which increased his confidence in the chosen treatment. Further studies are needed to assess the precision and reproducibility of the described protocol.
Relationship between sensation seeking, alcohol problems and bulimic symptoms: a community-based, longitudinal study
Authors: Hirvelä Leon , Sipilä Pyry N. , Keski-Rahkonen Anna
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The association of bulimic symptoms with sensation seeking is uncertain; however, both behaviors have been linked to alcohol problems. We assessed in a longitudinal, community-based setting whether sensation seeking in adolescence is associated with bulimic symptoms in early adulthood, also accounting for alcohol problems.

Methods

Finnish men (N = 2000) and women (N = 2467) born between 1974–1979 completed Zuckerman’s sensation seeking scale (SSS) at age 18. Alcohol problems (Malmö-modified Michigan alcoholism screening test (Mm-MAST) and bulimic symptoms [eating disorder inventory-2, bulimia subscale (EDI-Bulimia), population and clinical scoring systems] were defined at age 22–27. We examined relationships between SSS, Mm-MAST, and EDI-Bulimia using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and linear regression.

Results

Alcohol problems were moderately correlated with sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms (population scoring) among women and men (r = 0.21–0.31). The correlation between sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms (population scoring) was weak among men (r = 0.06, p = 0.006) and even weaker and non-significant among women (r = 0.03, p = 0.214). Adjustment for alcohol problems removed the association between sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms among men. Furthermore, there were no significant correlations between sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms when assessing EDI-Bulimia clinical scoring.

Conclusion

Sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms were not associated among women. The association between sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms among men was entirely attributable to increased alcohol problems among those with higher sensation seeking. While this association may be important on the population level, its clinical significance may be minor.

Level of evidence

Level III, well-designed cohort study.
More than ancillary records: clinical implications of renal pathology examination in tumor nephrectomy specimens
Authors: Kläger Johannes Philipp , Al-Taleb Ahmad , Pavlovic Mladen , Haitel Andrea , Comperat Eva , Fajkovic Harun , Kikić Željko , Kain Renate , Kozakowski Nicolas
Published: April 2021

Background

Nephrectomy is the management of choice for the treatment of renal tumors. Surgical pathologists primarily focus on tumor diagnosis and investigations relating to prognosis or therapy. Pathological changes in non-neoplastic tissue may, however, be relevant for further management and should be thoroughly assessed.

Methods

Here, we examined the non-neoplastic renal parenchyma in 206 tumor nephrectomy specimens for the presence of glomerular, tubulo-interstitial, or vascular lesions, and correlated them with clinical parameters and outcome of renal function.

Results

We analyzed 188 malignant and 18 benign or pseudo-tumorous lesions. The most common tumor type was clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC, n = 106) followed by papillary or urothelial carcinomas (n = 25). Renal pathology examination revealed the presence of kidney disease in 39 cases (18.9%). Glomerulonephritis was found in 15 cases (7.3%), and the most frequent was IgA nephropathy (n = 6; 2.9%). Vasculitis was found in two cases (0.9%). In 15 cases we found tubulo-interstitial nephritis, and in 9 severe diabetic or hypertensive nephropathy. Partial nephrectomy was not linked to better eGFR at follow-up. Age, vascular nephropathy, glomerular scarring and interstitial fibrosis were the leading independent negative factors influencing eGFR at time of surgery, whereas proteinuria was associated with reduced eGFR at 1 year.

Conclusion

Our large study population indicates a high incidence of renal diseases potentially relevant for the postoperative management of patients with renal neoplasia. Consistent and systematic reporting of non-neoplastic renal pathology in tumor nephrectomy specimens should therefore be mandatory.
Modelling of Mass Transfer Resistances in Non-uniformly Washcoated Monolith Reactors
Authors: Walander M. , Sjöblom J. , Creaser D. , Agri B. , Löfgren N. , Tamm S. , Edvardsson J.
Published: April 2021

There are various methodologies to account for mass transfer within non-uniformly distributed washcoats in monolith reactors in 1D models (axially). However, 1+1D models (axially/radially) fail to capture local variations in mass transfer from different coating thicknesses or cracks. In this paper, we present a novel way to account for local material properties in a washcoated monolith reactor. The suggested method uses an existing 1+1D modelling framework and sectionalizes the washcoat into multiple tangential segments which are solved independently. Intelligent gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy are used in combination to calculate local effective diffusivity as an input for each simulation. The new model is compared to the original 1+1D model using NO light-off simulations. The new model predicted increased conversion at elevated temperatures, where mass transfer limitations are present, due to the higher porosity in the corners. The simulation time for each model was similar due to the parallelizable nature of the new model.
On the frequency of height values
Authors: Dill Gabriel A.
Published: April 2021

We count algebraic numbers of fixed degree d and fixed (absolute multiplicative Weil) height $${\mathcal {H}}$$
H
with precisely k conjugates that lie inside the open unit disk. We also count the number of values up to $${\mathcal {H}}$$
H
that the height assumes on algebraic numbers of degree d with precisely k conjugates that lie inside the open unit disk. For both counts, we do not obtain an asymptotic, but only a rough order of growth, which arises from an asymptotic for the logarithm of the counting function; for the first count, even this rough order of growth exists only if $$k \in \{0,d\}$$

k
∈
{
0
,
d
}

or $$\gcd (k,d) = 1$$

gcd
(
k
,
d
)
=
1

. We therefore study the behaviour in the case where $$0< k < d$$

0
<
k
<
d

and $$\gcd (k,d) > 1$$

gcd
(
k
,
d
)
>
1

in more detail. We also count integer polynomials of fixed degree and fixed Mahler measure with a fixed number of complex zeroes inside the open unit disk (counted with multiplicities) and study the dynamical behaviour of the height function.
Wie analysiert man die Lesung eines geschriebenen Gedichts?
Authors: Döring Jörg
Published: April 2021

Die Untersuchung versteht sich als Beitrag zu einer empirischen Erforschung von Lyriklesungen und analysiert Monika Rincks Vortrag ihres Gedichtes »Alles Sinnen und Trachten« und die ihn begleitende Rahmungskommunikation auf einer Lesung vom 3. Dezember 2019 in Siegen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Analyse werden in Beziehung gesetzt zu einer traditionell schrifthermeneutischen Lektüre des Gedichts auf der Buchseite.