bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Intelligent Data Flow Security Strategy Model of Cloud-Network Integration
Authors: Cai Nishui , Deng Zhuxiang , Wang Hao
Published: December 2022

Cloud-network integration business data flow security is mainly reflected in the business deployment stage and online service stage. First, this paper analyzes the trend of the digital platform technology of the cloud-network integration business system, puts forward an intelligent data flow security strategy model of cloud-network integration, including expert rule judgment system of simple cloud scene and AI algorithm application model of complex cloud scene. Then, this paper studies hierarchical linkage cloud-network integration security operation system based on the security policy model of intelligent data flow and risk monitoring capability system for personal privacy data protection by scenario system based on the security policy model of intelligent data flow. Finally, this paper points out that cloud-network integration intelligent data flow security strategy based on AI algorithms needs to be further studied.
Improving Deepfake Video Detection with Comprehensive Self-consistency Learning
Authors: Bao Heng , Deng Lirui , Guan Jiazhi , Zhang Liang , Chen Xunxun
Published: December 2022

Deepfake videos created by generative-base models have become a serious societal problem recently as been hardly distinguishable by human eyes, which has aroused a lot of academic attention. Previous researches have made effort to address this problem by various schemes to extract visual artifacts of non-pristine frames or discrepancy between real and fake videos, where the patch-based approaches are shown to be promising but mostly used in frame-level prediction. In this paper, we propose a method that leverages comprehensive consistency learning in both spatial and temporal relation with patch-based feature extraction. Extensive experiments on multiple datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our approach by combines all consistency cue together.
Research on Adversarial Patch Attack Defense Method for Traffic Sign Detection
Authors: Zhang Yanjing , Cui Jianming , Liu Ming
Published: December 2022

Accurate and stable traffic sign detection is a key technology to achieve L3 driving automation, and its performance has been significantly improved by the development of deep learning technology in recent years. However, the current traffic sign detection has inadequate difficulty resisting anti-attack ability and even does not have basic defense capability. To solve this critical issue, an adversarial patch attack defense model IYOLO-TS is proposed in this paper. The main innovation is to simulate the conditions of traffic signs being partially damaged, obscured or maliciously modified in real world by training the attack patches, and then add the attacked classes in the last layer of the YOLOv2 which are corresponding to the original detection categories, and finally the attack patch obtained from the training is used to complete the adversarial training of the detection model. The attack patch is obtained by first using RP2algorithm to attack the detection model and then training on the blank patch. In order to verify the defense effective of the proposed IYOLO-TS model, we constructed a patch dataset LISA-Mask containing 50 different mask generation patches of 33000 sheets, and then training dataset by combining LISA and LISA-Mask datasets. The experiment results show that the mAP of the proposed IYOLO-TS is up to 98.12%. Compared with YOLOv2, it improved the defense ability against patch attacks and has the real-time detection ability. It can be considered that the proposed method has strong practicality and achieves a tradeoff between design complexity and efficiency.
Webpage Tampering Detection Method Based on BiGRU-CRF-RCNN
Authors: Fan Xiangyu , Yang Jilong , Zhao Wei , Deng Jincheng , Liu Fangming
Published: December 2022

With the development of the Internet, cyber security events occur frequently, especially webpage tampering events account for a high proportion. In response to this phenomenon, this paper constructs a webpage tampering detection framework BCR. Based on the webpage to be detected, the webpage text data is segmented and extracted according to the webpage structure, the text features are extracted by using BiGRU model combined with context dependence, and then combined with the CRF to learn sequence state labeling named entities, the word vector is constructed by the extracted named entity and brought into the RCNN model for tampering detection. The experiment results show that the framework has achieved 95.37% precision, 95.35% recall and 95.34% F1-Score in webpage tampering detection, which is better than Textrank RCNN framework in webpage tampering detection. In practical application, it also achieved 95.13% precision and 93.25% recall.
A unified formulation of one-loop tensor integrals for finite volume effects
Authors: Liang Ze-Rui , Yao De-Liang
Published: December 2022

Abstract

A unified formulation of one-loop tensor integrals is proposed for systematical calculations of finite volume corrections. It is shown that decomposition of the one-loop tensor integrals into a series of tensors accompanied by tensor coefficients is feasible, if a unit space-like four vector nμ, originating from the discretization effects at finite volume, is introduced. A generic formula has been derived for numerical computations of all the involved tensor coefficients. For the vanishing external three-momenta, we also investigate the feasibility of the conventional Passarino-Veltmann reduction of the tensor integrals in a finite volume. Our formulation can be easily used to realize the automation of the calculations of finite volume corrections to any interesting quantities at one-loop level. Besides, it provides finite volume result in a unique and concise form, which is suited for, e.g., carrying out precision determination of physical observable from modern lattice QCD data.
The Exact WKB analysis and the Stokes phenomena of the Unruh effect and Hawking radiation
Authors: Enomoto Seishi , Matsuda Tomohiro
Published: December 2022

Abstract

The physical observables of quantum theory can be described by perturbation theory, which is often given by diverging power series. This divergence is connected to the existence of non-perturbative phenomena, where resurgence allows us to study this connection. Applying this idea to the WKB expansion, the exact WKB analysis gives a clear connection to non-perturbative phenomena. In this paper, we apply the exact WKB analysis to the Unruh effect and Hawking radiation. The mechanism we found in this paper is similar to the Schwinger effect of a constant electric field, where the background is static but the Stokes phenomenon appears in the temporal part. Comparing this with a sonic black hole, our calculations show a clear discrepancy between them. Then, we briefly explain how quantum backreactions can be included in the exact WKB formalism.
Photocatalytic-treated asphalt road in Copenhagen for urban $$\text{NO}_{x}$$ removal
Authors: Dahl Lilja , Jensen Henrik , Bigi Alessandro , Ghermandi Grazia
Published: December 2022

Atmospheric nitrogen oxides ($$\hbox {NO}_{x} = \hbox {NO}+\hbox {NO}_{2}$$

NO
x

=
NO
+

NO
2

) are key pollutants and short-lived climate forcers contributing to acid rain, photochemical smog, aerosol formation and climate change. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide ($$\hbox {NO}_{2}$$

NO
2

) emitted mainly from transportation, causes adverse health effects associated with respiratory illnesses and increased mortality even at low concentration. Application of titanium dioxide ($$\hbox {TiO}_{2}$$

TiO
2

)-based photocatalysis in urban environment is a new air cleaning solution, activated by sunlight and water vapour to produce OH radicals, able to remove $$\hbox {NO}_{x}$$

NO
x

and other pollutants from the planetary boundary layer. This study is a large-scale evaluation of $$\hbox {NO}_{x}$$

NO
x

removal efficiency at a near-road environment with applied photocatalytic NOxOFF™ technology on an urban road west of Copenhagen, thus supporting local municipality in meeting their clean-air Agenda 2030. The photocatalytic NOxOFF™ granulate containing $$\hbox {TiO}_{2}$$

TiO
2

nanoparticles was applied on an asphalt road in July 2020 and ambient $$\hbox {NO}_{x}$$

NO
x

was measured during a six-month monitoring campaign. It is the first $$\hbox {NO}_{x}$$

NO
x

monitoring campaign carried out at this road and specific efforts have been devoted to evaluate the reduction in ambient $$\hbox {NO}_{x}$$

NO
x

levels with NOxOFF™-treated asphalt. Several methods were used to evaluate the photocatalytic effect, taking into account analysis limitations such as the short reference period prior to application and the highly uncertain measurement period during which SARS-CoV-2 lockdown measures impacted air quality. There was no statistically significant difference in $$\hbox {NO}_{x}$$

NO
x

concentrations between the reference period and the photocatalytic active period and NO removal efficiency resulted in $$-\,0.17$$

-

0.17

(± 1.27). An upper limit removal of 17.5% $$\hbox {NO}_{x}$$

NO
x

was estimated using a kinetic tunnel model. While $$\hbox {NO}_{2}$$

NO
2

comparison with COPERT V street traffic model projection was roughly estimated to decrease by 39% (± 38%), although this estimate is subject to high uncertainty. The observed annual mean $$\hbox {NO}_{2}$$

NO
2

concentration complies with Frederiksberg clean-air Agenda 2030 and air quality standards.

Graphical abstract

A graphical abstract illustrating the air cleaning properties of $$\hbox{TiO}_{2}$$

TiO
2

-based photocatalytic-treated asphalt
Assessing the effects of survey-inherent disturbance on primate detectability: Recommendations for line transect distance sampling
Authors: Bessone Mattia , Kühl Hjalmar S. , Hohmann Gottfried , Herbinger Ilka , N’Goran K. Paul , Asanzi Papy , Da Costa Pedro B. , Dérozier Violette , Fotsing D. B. Ernest , Ikembelo B. Beka , Iyomi D. Mpongo , Iyatshi B. Iyomi , Kafando Pierre , Kambere A. Mbangi , Moundzoho B. Dissondet , Musubaho L. Kako , Fruth Barbara
Published: December 2022

Habitat destruction and over-hunting are increasingly threatening the arboreal primates of Central Africa. To establish effective conservation strategies, accurate assessments of primate density, abundance, and spatial distribution are required. To date, the method of choice for primate density estimation is line transect distance sampling. However, primates fleeing human observers violate methodological assumptions, biasing the accuracy of resulting estimates. In this study, we used line transect distance sampling to study five primate species along 378 km of transects in Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo. We tested the effect of different levels of survey-inherent disturbance (i.e., cutting) on the number of observed (i) primate groups, and (ii) individuals within groups, by counting groups at three different time lags after disturbance of the transect, (i) a minimum of 3 h, (ii) 24 h, (iii) a minimum of 3 days. We found that survey-inherent disturbance led to underestimated densities, affecting both the number of encountered groups and of observed individuals. However, the response varied between species due to species-specific ecological and behavioral features.Piliocolobus tholloniandColobus angolenisresumed an unaltered behavior only 24 h after disturbance, whileLophocebus aterrimus,Cercopithecus ascanius, andCercopithecus wolfirequired a minimum of 10 days. To minimize bias in density estimates, future surveys using line transect distance sampling should be designed considering survey-inherent disturbance. We recommend evaluating the factors driving primate response, including habitat type, niche occupation, and hunting pressure, peculiar to the survey-specific area and primate community under study.
Artificial neural networks based predictions towards the auto-tuning and optimization of parallel IO bandwidth in HPC system
Authors: Tipu Abdul Jabbar Saeed , Conbhuí Pádraig Ó , Howley Enda
Published: December 2022

Super-computing or HPC clusters are built to provide services to execute computationally complex applications. Generally, these HPC applications involve large scale IO (input/output) processing over the networked parallel file system disks. They are commonly developed on top of the C/C++ based MPI standard library. The HPC clusters MPI–IO performance significantly depends on the particular parameter value configurations, not generally considered when writing the algorithms or programs. Therefore, this leads to poor IO and overall program performance degradation. The IO is mostly left to individual practitioners to be optimised at code level. This usually leads to unexpected consequences due to IO bandwidth degradation which becomes inevitable as the file data scales in size to petabytes. To overcome the poor IO performance, this research paper presents an approach for auto-tuning of the configuration parameters by forecasting the MPI–IO bandwidth via artificial neural networks (ANNs), a machine learning (ML) technique. These parameters are related to MPI–IO library and lustre (parallel) file system. In addition to this, we have identified a number of common configurations out of numerous possibilities, selected in the auto-tuning process of READ/WRITE operations. These configurations caused an overall READ bandwidth improvement of 65.7% with almost 83% test cases improved. In addition, the overall WRITE bandwidth improved by 83% with number of test cases improved by almost 93%. This paper demonstrates that by using auto-tuning parameters via ANNs predictions, this can significantly impact overall IO bandwidth performance.
Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben
Authors: Frey Matthis , van der Vaart Jeroen , Bär Kristian , Bossennec Claire , Calcagno Philippe , Dezayes Chrystel , Sass Ingo
Published: December 2022

Deep geothermal energy represents an essential component of the future energy supply because the resources greatly exceed the demand, and the base load capability can compensate for temporal fluctuations in wind and solar power. By far, the largest amount of heat is contained in the crystalline basement, accessible almost everywhere through deep drilling. An interdisciplinary approach for a techno-economic resource assessment was applied to provide stakeholders with a more reliable basis for decision-making in the Northern Upper Rhine Graben. This approach incorporated data from various sources such as boreholes, outcrops, geophysical surveys, geomechanical models, and operating geothermal power plants. Emphasis was placed on resources tied to large-scale fault zones, exhibiting preferential hydraulic properties. Uncertainties in the calculations were quantified using Monte Carlo simulations. The resource base in the basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben is about 830 PWhth, of which about 8.2–16.1 PWhth could potentially be extracted with current technologies in enhanced geothermal systems. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis was carried out, examining the economic influence of nine parameters. Considering the reference power plant and the energy prices before the Ukraine war began in February 2022, the geothermal reserves are about 65% of the resources. However, given the massive recent increase in heat and electricity prices, a higher percentage is also possible. Finally, a socio-economic-environmental assessment shows that in the Northern Upper Rhine Graben, geothermal resources largely coincide with favorable conditions at the surface, making the region a preferred target for geothermal utilization.
Novel qutrit circuit design for multiplexer, De-multiplexer, and decoder
Authors: Taheri Monfared Asma , Ciriani Valentina , Kettunen Lauri , Haghparast Majid
Published: December 2022

Designing conventional circuits present many challenges, including minimizing internal power dissipation. An approach to overcoming this problem is utilizing quantum technology, which has attracted significant attention as an alternative to Nanoscale CMOS technology. The reduction of energy dissipation makes quantum circuits an up-and-coming emerging technology. Ternary logic can potentially diminish the quantum circuit width, which is currently a limitation in quantum technologies. Using qutrit instead of qubit could play an essential role in the future of quantum computing. First, we propose two approaches for quantum ternary decoder circuit in this context. Then, we propose a quantum ternary multiplexer and quantum ternary demultiplexer to exploit the constructed quantum ternary decoder circuit. Techniques to achieve lower quantum cost are of importance. We considered two types of circuits, one in which the output states are always restored to the initial input states and the other in which the states of the output are irrelevant. We compare the proposed quantum ternary circuits with their existing counterparts and present the improvements. It is possible to realize the proposed designs using macro-level ternary gates that are based on the ion-trap realizable ternary 2-qutrit Muthukrishnan–Stroud and 1-qutrit permutation gates.
The Flow of Lubricant as a Mist in the Piston Assembly and Crankcase of a Fired Gasoline Engine
Authors: Dyson Christopher J. , Priest Martin , Lee Peter M.
Published: December 2022

The tribological performance of the piston assembly of an automotive engine is highly influenced by the complex flow mechanisms that supply lubricant to the upper piston rings. As well as affecting friction and wear, the oil consumption and emissions of the engine are strongly influenced by these mechanisms. There is a significant body of work that seeks to model these flows effectively. However, these models are not able to fully describe the flow of lubricant through the piston assembly. Some experimental studies indicate that droplets of lubricant carried in the gas flows through the piston assembly may account for some of this. This work describes an investigation into the nature of lubricant misting in a fired gasoline engine. Previous work in a laboratory simulator showed that the tendency of a lubricant to form mist is dependent on the viscosity of the lubricant and the type and concentration of viscosity modifier. The higher surface area-to-volume ratio of the lubricant if more droplets are formed or if the droplets are smaller is hypothesised to increase the degradation rate of the lubricant. The key work in the investigation was to measure the size distribution of the droplets in the crankcase of a fired gasoline engine. Droplets were extracted from the crankcase and passed through a laser diffraction particle sizer. Three characteristic droplet size ranges were observed: Spray sized (250–1000 μm); Major mist (30–250 μm); and Minor mist (0.1–30 μm). Higher base oil viscosity tended to reduce the proportion of mist-sized droplets. The viscoelasticity contributed by a polymeric viscosity modifier reduced the proportion of mist droplets, especially at high load.
Long-term prognostic value of left atrial longitudinal strain in an elderly community-based cohort
Authors: Zhubi Bakija Fjolla , Bagyura Zsolt , Fábián Alexandra , Ferencz Andrea , Kiss Loretta , Szenczi Orsolya , Vadas Réka , Dósa Edit , Nguyen Dat Tin , Csobay-Novák Csaba , Jermendy Ádám L. , Szelid Zsolt , Soós Pál , Kovács Attila , Merkely Béla
Published: December 2022

Despite the well-known importance of left atrial (LA) mechanics in diastolic function, data are scarce regarding the prognostic power of LA longitudinal strain and its potential added value in the risk stratification of an elderly population. Accordingly, our aim was to determine the long-term prognostic importance of 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) in a community-based screening sample. Three hundred and fourteen volunteers were retrospectively identified from a population-based screening program (mean age 62 ± 11 years; 58% female) with a median follow-up of 9.5 years. All subjects who participated in the screening program underwent 2D echocardiography to measure left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), and PALS, as well as low-dose cardiac CT to determine the Agatston score. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Thirty-nine subjects (12.4%) met the primary endpoint. Subjects with adverse outcomes had significantly lower LV GLS (dead vs. alive; − 19.2 ± 4.3 vs. − 20.6 ± 3.5%, p < 0.05) and PALS (32.3 ± 12.0 vs. 41.8 ± 14.2%, p < 0.001), whereas LV EF did not show a difference between the two groups (51.1 ± 7.0 vs. 52.1 ± 6.2, %, p = NS). By multivariable Cox regression analysis, PALS was found to be a significant predictor of adverse outcomes independent of LV GLS, and Agatston and Framingham scores. In subjects with PALS values below the standard cut-off of 39%, the risk of all-cause mortality was almost 2.5 times higher (hazard ratio: 2.499 [95% confidence interval: 1.334–4.682], p < 0.05). Beyond the assessment of LV EF and LV GLS, PALS offers incremental value in cardiovascular risk stratification in a community-based elderly cohort. PALS was found to be a significant and independent predictor of long-term mortality among other classical cardiovascular risk estimators.
Neo-humanism and COVID-19: Opportunities for a socially and environmentally sustainable world
Authors: Sarracino Francesco , O’Connor Kelsey J.
Published: December 2022

A series of crises, culminating with COVID-19, shows that going “Beyond GDP” is urgently necessary. Social and environmental degradation are consequences of emphasizing GDP as a measure of progress. This degradation created the conditions for the COVID-19 pandemic and limited the efficacy of counter-measures. Additionally, rich countries did not fare much better during the pandemic than poor ones. COVID-19 thrived on inequalities and lack of cooperation. In this article, we leverage on defensive growth theory to explain the relationships between these factors, and we put forward the idea of neo-humanism, a cultural movement grounded on evidence from quality-of-life studies. The movement proposes a new culture leading towards a socially and environmentally sustainable future. Specifically, neo-humanism suggests that prioritizing well-being by, for instance promoting social relations, would benefit the environment, and enable collective action to address public issues. This, in turn, would positively affect productivity and health – among other behavioral outcomes – and thereby instill a virtuous cycle. Such a society would have been better endowed to cope with COVID-19, and possibly even prevented the pandemic. Neo-humanism proposes a world in which the well-being of people comes before the well-being of markets, in which promoting cooperation and social relations represents the starting point for better lives, and a peaceful and respectful coexistence with other species on Earth.
The first fossil record of the anamorphic genus Zygosporium Mont. from the Oligocene of Csolnok (N Hungary)
Authors: Worobiec Grzegorz , Erdei Boglárka
Published: December 2022

Remains of a fungus with unique morphological characters were found on the leaf cuticle of a fossil leaf preserved in Oligocene deposits from Csolnok, Hungary. Vesicular conidiophores with characteristic, darkly pigmented, incurved vesicles were compared with those of the modern representatives of the anamorphic genus Zygosporium. Based on the fossil find, a new fossil-species, Zygosporium oligocenicum G. Worobiec sp. nov., having vesicular conidiophores that arise directly from the mycelium, was described. The fossil Zygosporium oligocenicum presumably preferred warm climate and, similarly to most modern members of the genus, was a saprophyte on fallen, decaying leaves.
Energy efficiency potentials in the EU industry: impacts of deep decarbonization technologies
Authors: Kermeli Katerina , Crijns-Graus Wina , Johannsen Rasmus Magni , Mathiesen Brian Vad
Published: December 2022

Increasing the energy efficiency in high energy demand sectors such as industry with a high reliance on coal, oil and natural gas is considered a pivotal step towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions and meeting the Paris Agreement targets. The European Commission published final energy demand projections for industry capturing current policies and market trends up to 2050. This Reference scenario for industry in 2050, however, does not give insights into the extent to which energy efficiency potentials are already implemented, in which sectors further efficiency can be achieved, to what extent or with which technologies. In this paper, the EU Reference scenario is broken down and compared to a Frozen Efficiency scenario with similar GDP developments but without energy efficiency. Through bottom-up analyses, it is found that with energy efficiency technologies alone, this Reference scenario for industry energy demands (10.6 EJ in 2050) cannot be achieved. That means that the EU Reference assumes higher energy efficiency than possible and too high an effect of current policies. In the Frozen Efficiency scenario, the energy demand reaches 14.2 EJ in 2050 due to the GDP development; 22% higher than 2015. Energy efficiency improvements and increased recycling can decrease industrial energy demand by 23% (11.3 EJ in 2050). In order to further reduce the energy demand, our analyses shows that the wide implementation of innovative in combination with electrification or hydrogen technologies can further decrease the 2050 energy demand to 9.7 EJ or 10.3 EJ, respectively.
Resistance reduction of patterned surface inspired by cuticle structure of Achalinus spinalis
Authors: Zhao Jiahui , Ji Keju , Chen Qin , Khan Muhammad Niaz , Tu Chongwen , Ma Ze , Wu Jianming , Chen Jian , Dai Zhendong
Published: December 2022

The crawling process of snakes is known to have fascinating tribological phenomena, whereas investigations on their frictional properties depending on patterned cuticles are insufficient. In this study, we have designed and fabricated biomimetic microstructures inspired by the geometric microunits of Achalinus spinalis cuticle using polyurethane acrylate (PUA) material and performed its tribological analysis. The micro-morphology of this Achalinus-inspired textured polymer surface (AITPS) is characterized by the closely and evenly quasi-rectangular microgrooves, periodically arranged along certain orientations. We have compared the frictional performance of our fabricated AITPS with other competitive microstructure, using a smooth steel ball and commercial clay as an interacting surface. After performing massive friction tests with steel ball and clay, AITPS still maintains good resistance reduction performed compared to the patterned surface with straight microgrooves, which is most likely due to the reduction of actual contact areas at the frictional interface.
Respecting living kidney donor autonomy: an argument for liberalising living kidney donor acceptance criteria
Authors: Weightman Alison C. , Coghlan Simon , Clayton Philip A.
Published: December 2022

Doctors routinely refuse donation offers from prospective living kidney donors with certain comorbidities such as diabetes or obesity out of concern for donor wellbeing. This refusal occurs despite the ongoing shortage of kidney transplants and the superior performance of living donor kidney transplants compared to those from deceased donors. In this paper, we argue that this paternalistic refusal by doctors is unjustified and that, within limits, there should be greater acceptance of such donations. We begin by describing possible weak and strong paternalistic justifications of current conservative donor acceptance guidelines and practices. We then justify our position by outlining the frequently under-recognised benefits and the routinely overestimated harms of such donation, before discussing the need to respect the autonomy of willing donors with certain comorbidities. Finally, we respond to a number of possible objections to our proposal for more liberal kidney donor acceptance criteria. We use the situation in Australia as our case study, but our argument is applicable to comparable situations around the world.
Experimental study on machining of AA7075 using Taguchi method
Authors: Sequeiera Anil , Deepak D. , Sachidananda H. K.
Published: December 2022

The machining parameter during milling process plays a very important role in the machining process of various materials. In this study the various parameters such as feed, speed of the spindle, depth of cut has been studied considering AA7075 aluminum material and its effect on surface roughness of the workpiece have been studied. These types of material are commonly used in aerospace, defense, marine and automotive industries due to its high strength to weight ratio. The optimization of these parameters has been done considering Grey-Taguchi method. From this study it can be concluded that good surface finish can be achieved during machining of AA7075 by controlling the various parameters. From the results it can be concluded that the cutting speed, feed is significant as compared to depth of cut.
Zwischen Wundt und Hellpach: Völkerpsychologie in der Zwischenkriegszeit
Authors: Klautke Egbert
Published: December 2022

Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Lage der deutschen Völkerpsychologie in den 1920er-Jahren. Ausgehend vom ungeklärten Status dieser „Disziplin“, werde ich zunächst das Erbe Wilhelm Wundts diskutieren, dann Richard Thurnwalds Vorschläge zur Erneuerung der Völkerpsychologie behandeln, und in einem dritten Abschnitt alternative Ansätze aus dem Bereich der Rassenkunde wie Ludwig Ferdinand Clauß’Rassenseelenkundekurz vorstellen. Ein Ausblick auf Willy Hellpachs Völkerpsychologie und deren Stellung unter dem Nationalsozialismus schließt den Beitrag ab.
Auto-generated Relative Importance for Multi-agent Inducing Variable in Uncertain and Preference Involved Evaluation
Authors: Zhou Meng-Die , Chen Zhen-Song , Jiang Jiani , Qian Gang , García-Zamora Diego , Dutta Bapi , Zhan Qiuyan , Jin LeSheng
Published: December 2022

Inducing information and bi-polar preference-based weights allocation and relevant decision-making are one important branch of Yager’s decision theory. In the context of basic uncertain information environment, there exist more than one inducing factor and the relative importance between them should be determined. Some subjective methods require decision makers to indicate the bi-polar preference extents for each inducing factor as well as the relative importance between all the involved inducing factors. However, although the bi-polar preference extents for inducing factors can often be elicited, sometimes decision makers cannot provide the required relative importance. This work presents some approaches to address such problem in basic uncertain information environment. From the mere bi-polar preference extents offered by decision makers, we propose three methods, statistic method, distance method and linguistic variable method, to derive relative importance between different inducing factors, respectively. Each of them has advantages and disadvantages, and the third method serves as a trade-off between the first two methods. The rationale of preference and uncertainty involved evaluation is analyzed, detailed evaluation procedure is presented, and numerical example is given to illustrate the proposals.
Software Engineering
Authors: Sethi Ravi
Published: December 2022

Software engineering is as much about teamwork as it is about technology. This introductory textbook covers both. For courses featuring a team project, it offers tips and templates for aligning classroom concepts with the needs of the students' projects. Students will learn how software is developed in industry by adopting agile methods, discovering requirements, designing modular systems, selecting effective tests, and using metrics to track progress. The book also covers the 'why' behind the 'how-to', to prepare students for advances in industry practices. The chapters explore ways of eliciting what users really want, how clean architecture divides and conquers the inherent complexity of software systems, how test coverage is essential for detecting the inevitable defects in code, and much more. Ravi Sethi provides real-life case studies and examples to demonstrate practical applications of the concepts. Online resources include sample project materials for students, and lecture slides for instructors.
Clinical outcomes associated with guideline-discordant management of asymptomatic bacteriuria and urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients with neurogenic bladder
Authors: Fitzpatrick Margaret A. , Wirth Marissa , Nguyen Jimmy , Suda Katie J. , Weaver Frances M. , Burns Stephen , Collins Eileen , Safdar Nasia , Patel Ursula , Evans Charlesnika T.
Published: December 2022

Objective:

To compare clinical outcomes associated with appropriate and inappropriate management of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and urinary tract infection (UTI) among inpatients with neurogenic bladder (NB).

Design:

Multicenter, retrospective cohort.

Setting:

The study was conducted across 4 Veterans’ Affairs hospitals.

Participants:

The study included veterans with NB due to spinal cord injury or disorder (SCI/D), multiple sclerosis (MS), or Parkinson’s disease (PD) hospitalized between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018, with diagnosis of ASB or UTI.

Interventions:

In a medical record review, we classified ASB and UTI diagnoses and treatments as appropriate or inappropriate based on national guidelines.

Main outcome measures:

Frequencies of Clostridioides difficile infection, acute kidney injury, 90-day hospital readmission, postculture length-of-stay (LOS), and multidrug-resistant organisms in subsequent urine cultures were compared between those who received appropriate and inappropriate management.

Results:

We included 170 encounters with ASB (30%) or UTI (70%) diagnoses occurring for 166 patients. Overall, 86.1% patients were male, 47.6% had SCI/D and 77.6% used bladder catheters. All ASB encounters had appropriate diagnoses, and 96.1% had appropriate treatment. In contrast, 37 UTI encounters (31.1%) had inappropriate diagnoses and 61 (51.3%) had inappropriate treatment, including 30 encounters with true ASB. Among patients with SCI/D or MS, appropriate ASB or UTI diagnosis was associated with a longer postculture LOS (median, 14 vs 7.5 days; P = .02). We did not detect any significant associations between appropriate versus inappropriate diagnosis and treatment and other outcomes.

Conclusions:

Almost one-third of UTI diagnoses and half of treatments in hospitalized patients with NB are inappropriate. Opportunities exist to improve ASB and UTI management in patients with NB to minimize inappropriate antibiotic use.
Closing the treatment gap for alcohol use disorders in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Nadkarni Abhijit , Gandhi Yashi , Bhatia Urvita , Velleman Richard
Published: December 2022

The alcohol-attributable disease burden is greater in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as compared to high-income countries. Despite the effectiveness of interventions such as health promotion and education, brief interventions, psychological treatments, family-focused interventions, and biomedical treatments, access to evidence-based care for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in LMICs is limited. This can be explained by poor access to general health and mental health care, limited availability of relevant clinical skills among health care providers, lack of political will and/or financial resources, historical stigma and discrimination against people with AUDs, and poor planning and implementation of policies. Access to care for AUDs in LMICs could be improved through evidence-based strategies such as designing innovative, local and culturally acceptable solutions, health system strengthening by adopting a collaborative stepped care approach, horizontal integration of care into existing models of care (e.g., HIV care), task sharing to optimise limited human resources, working with families of individuals with AUD, and leveraging technology-enabled interventions. Moving ahead, research, policy and practice in LMICs need to focus on evidence-based decision-making, responsiveness to context and culture, working collaboratively with a range of stakeholders to design and implement interventions, identifying upstream social determinants of AUDs, developing and evaluating policy interventions such as increased taxation on alcohol, and developing services for special populations (e.g., adolescents) with AUDs.
The long view of triadic resonance instability in finite-width internal gravity wave beams
Authors: Grayson K.M. , Dalziel Stuart B. , Lawrie Andrew G.W.
Published: December 2022

This article presents our exploration into how a finite-width internal gravity wave beam is modified by triadic resonance instability. We present both experimental and weakly nonlinear modelling to examine this instability mechanism, in which a primary wave beam generates two secondary wave beams of lower frequencies and shorter length scales. Through a versatile experimental set-up, we examine how this instability evolves over hundreds of buoyancy periods. Unlike predictions from previous zero-dimensional weakly nonlinear theory, we find that the wave does not monotonically approach a saturated equilibrium of triadic interactions; rather, the amplitudes and structures of the constituent beams continue to modulate without ever reaching a steady equilibrium. To understand this behaviour, we develop a weakly nonlinear approach to account for the spatiotemporal evolution of the amplitudes and structures of the beams over slow time scales and long distances, and explore the consequences using a numerical scheme to solve the resulting equations. Through this approach, we establish that the evolution of the instability is remarkably sensitive to the spatiotemporal triadic configuration for the system and how part of the observed modulations can be attributed to a competition between the linear growth rate of the secondary wave beams and the finite residence time of the triadic perturbations within the underlying primary beam.
Floquet stability analyses of stratified oscillating boundary layers on adiabatic slopes
Authors: Kaiser Bryan E. , Pratt Lawrence J.
Published: December 2022

The presence of a no-slip, impermeable, adiabatic, sloped boundary in an otherwise quiescent, stably stratified, Boussinesq flow generates baroclinic vorticity within a diffusive boundary layer. Such conditions are typical of the oscillating boundary layers on adiabatic abyssal slopes, sloped lake bathymetry and sloped coastal bathymetry in the absence of high-wavenumber internal waves, mean flows, far-field turbulence on larger scales, and resonant tidal–bathymetric interaction. We investigate the linear stability of the oscillating flow within non-dimensional parameter space typical of the

$M_2$

tide and hydraulically smooth, middle-latitude abyssal slopes through Floquet linear stability analysis. The flow dynamics depends on three non-dimensional variables: the Reynolds number for Stokes’ second problem, the Prandtl number, and a frequency ratio that accounts for the resonance conditions (

$C$

, criticality) of the buoyant restoring force and the tidal forcing. The Floquet analysis results suggest that oscillating laminar boundary layers on adiabatic abyssal slopes are increasingly unstable as Reynolds number, criticality parameter and/or spanwise disturbance wavenumber are increased. We also show that the two-dimensional Floquet linear instability necessarily generates three-dimensional baroclinic vorticity, which suggests that the evolution of the gravitational instabilities may be nonlinear as

$t\rightarrow \infty$

.
Using quantitative methods to understand leaf epidermal development
Authors: Kuan Chi , Yang Shao-Li , Ho Chin-Min Kimmy
Published: December 2022

As the interface between plants and the environment, the leaf epidermis provides the first layer of protection against drought, ultraviolet light, and pathogen attack. This cell layer comprises highly coordinated and specialised cells such as stomata, pavement cells and trichomes. While much has been learned from the genetic dissection of stomatal, trichome and pavement cell formation, emerging methods in quantitative measurements that monitor cellular or tissue dynamics will allow us to further investigate cell state transitions and fate determination in leaf epidermal development. In this review, we introduce the formation of epidermal cell types in Arabidopsis and provide examples of quantitative tools to describe phenotypes in leaf research. We further focus on cellular factors involved in triggering cell fates and their quantitative measurements in mechanistic studies and biological patterning. A comprehensive understanding of how a functional leaf epidermis develops will advance the breeding of crops with improved stress tolerance.
Government Rhetoric and the Representation of Public Opinion in International Negotiations
Authors: WRATIL CHRISTOPHER , WÄCKERLE JENS , PROKSCH SVEN-OLIVER
Published: December 2022

The role of domestic public opinion is an important topic in research on international negotiations, yet we know little about how exactly it manifests itself. We focus on government rhetoric during negotiations and develop a conceptual distinction between implicit and explicit manifestations of public opinion. Drawing on a database of video recordings of negotiations of the Council of the European Union and a quantitative text analysis of government speeches, we find that public opinion matters implicitly, with the exact pattern depending on governments’ stance toward the EU. Pro-EU governments are responsive to public opinion in their support for compromises and attempts to stall negotiations, whereas Euroskeptic governments tend to remain silent when confronted with a public positively disposed toward the EU. Our results show that although governments implicitly represent public opinion, they do not systematically invoke their voters explicitly, suggesting the public matters but in different ways than often assumed.
Interaction between dietary potassium intake and TNF-α rs1800629 genetic polymorphism in gastric cancer risk: a case–control study conducted in Korea
Authors: Tran Tao Thi , Gunathilake Madhawa , Lee Jeonghee , Choi Il Ju , Kim Young-Il , Kim Jeongseon
Published: December 2022

Mineral consumption has been suggested to have an impact on gastric cancer (GC) prevention. However, the protective effect of potassium against gastric carcinogenesis remains inconclusive. The causal link between inflammation and cancer is well established. Notably, potassium intake and potassium channels may play certain roles in regulating the production of TNF-α (TNF-α). We aimed to determine whether dietary potassium intake is related to the risk of GC. We further observed whether this association was modified by TNF-α rs1800629. We designed a case–control study comprising 377 GC cases and 756 controls. Information on dietary potassium intake was collected using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Genotyping was performed by the Affymetrix Axiom Exom 319 Array platform. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to assess associations. A significantly reduced GC risk was found for those who consumed higher dietary potassium levels (OR = 0·63, 95 % CI = 0·45, 0·89, P for trend = 0·009). In the dominant model, we observed a non-significant association between TNF-α rs1800629 and GC risk (OR = 1·01, 95 % CI = 0·68, 1·49). In females, those who were homozygous for the major allele (G) of rs1800629 with a higher intake of dietary potassium exhibited a decreased risk of GC (OR = 0·40, 95 % CI = 0·20, 0·78, P interaction = 0·041). This finding emphasises the beneficial effect of potassium intake on GC prevention. However, this association could be modified by TNF-α rs1800629 genotypes. A greater protective effect was exhibited for females with GG homozygotes and high potassium intake.
A novel approach in the prevention of mastitis: electrical teat dipping
Authors: Risvanli Ali , Safak Tarik , Yilmaz Oznur , Yuksel Burak , Saat Nevzat , Tanyeri Burak
Published: December 2022

Teat dipping is widely used in dairy cattle, especially to protect against contagious mastitis. Here we determine the effect of the device called ‘Electrical Teat Dipping’ (ETD), which was developed by combining teat dipping application and electrical field stimulation technique on teats. For this purpose, the front teats of 100 Holstein breed milking cows were evaluated in two groups, with ETD being applied once to the left front teat of these cows, and conventional teat dipping (CTD) being applied once to the right front teat, both after milking. Ultrasonographic measurements of the teats were made before milking and after teat dipping. We found that the width of the teat canal (1.88 ± 0.07 mm) in the teat using ETD was narrower after the application compared to those with CTD (2.28 ± 0.05 mm). Based on our findings, we conclude that the effects of ETD on the teat are very positive and can potentially be used as a new approach in the preventative control of mastitis in cows.
Evidence that host ecology drives first intermediate host use in the Didymozoidae (Trematoda: Hemiuroidea): an asexual infection in a vermetid (Gastropoda)
Authors: Louvard C. , Corner R. D. , Cutmore S. C. , Cribb T. H.
Published: December 2022

The Didymozoidae (Trematoda: Hemiuroidea) is among the most speciose trematode families, known from a wide range of marine teleost fishes. Despite their richness, however, didymozoid life cycles are unusually poorly known; only two first intermediate hosts are known, a marine bivalve (Anadara trapezia) and a pelagic gastropod (Firoloida desmarestia). This study uses multi-locus molecular sequence data to identify a novel first intermediate host for the family, a sessile gastropod of the genus Thylacodes Guettard (Vermetidae). The didymozoid infection is not identified to species but, based on molecular phylogenetic analyses, it is close to Saccularina magnacetabula Louvard et al., 2022, which uses a bivalve as a first intermediate host. The distribution of known first intermediate hosts of didymozoids (a bivalve, a holoplanktonic gastropod and a sessile gastropod that feeds with the use of mucus nets) suggests that first intermediate host use within the Didymozoidae has been opportunistically driven by the trophic ecology of potential mollusc hosts and has involved significant host-switching events.