bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Caffeine on Arousal, Response Time, Accuracy, and Performance in Division I Collegiate Fencers
Authors: Doyle Taylor P. , Lutz Rafer S. , Pellegrino Joseph K. , Sanders David J. , Arent Shawn M.
Published: August 2016

Doyle, TP, Lutz, RS, Pellegrino, JK, Sanders, DJ, and Arent, SM. The effects of caffeine on arousal, response time, accuracy, and performance in Division I collegiate fencers. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3228–3235, 2016—Caffeine has displayed ergogenic effects on aerobic performance. However, sports requiring precision and quick reaction may also be impacted by central nervous system arousal because of caffeine consumption. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of caffeine on arousal, response time (RT), and accuracy during a simulated fencing practice. Using a randomized, within-subjects, placebo-controlled, double-blind design, Division I male and female college fencers (N = 13; 69.1 ± 3.5 kg) were administered caffeine doses of 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, or 7.5 mg·kg−1 during separate testing days. Performance was assessed via RT and accuracy to a 4-choice reaction task. A total of 25 trials were performed each day using a random 2- to 8-s delay between trials. Arousal was assessed using the activation-deactivation adjective check list. Results of repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant dose effect (p = 0.02) on performance. Follow-up analyses indicated this was due to a significant effect for RT (p = 0.03), with the dose-response curve exhibiting a quadratic relationship. Response time was significantly faster (p < 0.01) for the 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mg·kg−1 conditions than for the placebo condition. Results also indicated a significant dose effect for composite RT + accuracy performance (p < 0.01). The dose-response curve was again quadratic, with performance beginning to deteriorate at 7.5 mg·kg−1. Energetic arousal, tiredness, tension, and calmness all significantly changed as a function of caffeine dose (p ≤ 0.05). Based on these results, caffeine improves RT and overall performance in fencers, particularly as doses increase up to 4.5–6.0 mg·kg−1. Above this level, performance begins to deteriorate, consistent with an “inverted-U” model of arousal and performance.
Comparison of Strength Levels Between Players From Within the Same Club Who Were Selected vs. Not Selected to Play in the Grand Final of the National Rugby League Competition
Authors: Baker Daniel G.
Published: August 2016

Baker, DG. Comparison of strength levels between players from within the same club that were selected vs. not selected to play in the grand final of the National Rugby League competition. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1461–1467, 2017—A number of studies have established that higher levels of strength and power, tested at the end of the preseason, distinguish between playing level in professional rugby league. How this may impact the ability of players to get selected for final payoff games some 30 weeks later has not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare measures of upper- and lower-body strength between players from the same professional club, designated as those 17 players who attained selection and played in the team that won the Grand Final of the National Rugby League competition (GF) and those who did not attain selection (NSGF). Players were tested and compared for 1 repetition maximum bench press and full squat strength levels at the end of the preparation period, 30 weeks before the GF, using traditional significance analysis of variance and effect size (ES) statistics. Furthermore, the players were analyzed according to the 2 broad positional playing groups of forwards (FWD) and backs (BL). The results demonstrated that overall, the GF players were stronger than NSGF players by approximately 10 and 15%, respectively, for the upper and lower body. When analyzed according to positional groupings, there were significant differences and large ES for GF forwards, who were significantly stronger, heavier, and older than NSGF FWD players. For the BL groups, the differences between the groups were not significant. Because of the intense physical collisions inherent in rugby league, it would appear that higher levels of strength afford players greater performance benefits, resiliency against injury, and greater likelihood of being selected in the most important games at the end of the season.
Isometric Midthigh Pull Reliability and Relationship to Deadlift One Repetition Maximum
Authors: De Witt John K. , English Kirk L. , Crowell J. Brent , Kalogera Kent L. , Guilliams Mark E. , Nieschwitz Bruce E. , Hanson Andrea M. , Ploutz-Snyder Lori L.
Published: August 2016

De Witt, JK, English, KL, Crowell, JB, Kalogera, KL, Guilliams, ME, Nieschwitz, BE, Hanson, AM, and Ploutz-Snyder, LL. Isometric midthigh pull reliability and relationship to deadlift one repetition maximum. J Strength Cond Res 32(2): 528–533, 2018—The purpose of this investigation was to examine the reliability of the isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) and the relationship between IMTP peak force and deadlift 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Nine subjects (5 men and 4 women; 40.6 ± 8.0 years; 1.72 ± 0.10 m; 75.6 ± 13.4 kg) participated in this study. Isometric midthigh pull and deadlift 1RM were both performed during 2 testing sessions. For IMTP, peak force and peak rate of force development (RFD) were determined, in addition to RFD at 30 ms, 50 ms, 90 ms, 150 ms, 200 ms, and 250 ms after initiation of the pull. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to evaluate the reliability of IMTP measures. Pearson product-moment correlations and linear regression were used to determine associations between IMTP and deadlift 1RM. Isometric midthigh pull peak force was reproducible both within (ICC = 0.98 and 0.97) and between sessions (ICC = 0.89) and significantly correlated with deadlift 1RM (r = 0.88, p ≤ 0.05), but intermediate force outputs and RFD were not. Lack of associations between RFD and deadlift 1RM indicate that the ability to create explosive force may be independent of the ability to create maximal force. The strong relationship between IMTP peak force and deadlift 1RM was present regardless of which IMTP repetition across the 2 sessions was examined. Peak force generated during IMTP is a reliable method to assess full body maximal strength. A single IMTP repetition, provided adequate familiarization and warm-up, correlates strongly with deadlift 1RM. Practitioners can use the IMTP test as a method to estimate maximal deadlift strength in a quick and potentially less provocative manner than traditional 1RM testing.
Validity of the Jump-and-Reach Test in Subelite Adolescent Handball Players
Authors: Muehlbauer Thomas , Pabst Jan , Granacher Urs , Büsch Dirk
Published: August 2016

Muehlbauer, T, Pabst, J, Granacher, U, and Büsch, D. Validity of the jump-and-reach test in subelite adolescent handball players. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1282–1289, 2017—The primary purpose of this study was to examine concurrent validity of the jump-and-reach (JaR) test using the Vertec system and a criterion device (i.e., Optojump system). In separate subanalyses, we investigated the influence of gym floor condition and athletes' sex on the validity of vertical jump height. Four hundred forty subelite adolescent female (n = 222, mean age: 14 ± 1 year, age range: 13–15 years) and male (n = 218, mean age: 15 ± 1 year, age range: 14–16 years) handball players performed the JaR test in gyms with region or point elastic floors. Maximal vertical jump height was simultaneously assessed using the Vertec and the Optojump systems. In general, significantly higher jump heights were obtained for the Vertec compared with the Optojump system (11.2 cm, Δ31%, Cohen's d = 2.58). The subanalyses revealed significantly larger jump heights for the Vertec compared with the Optojump system irrespective of gym floor condition and players' sex. The association between Optojump- and Vertec-derived vertical jump heights amounted to r
P = 0.84, with a coefficient of determination (R
2) of 0.71. The subanalyses indicated significantly larger correlations in males (r
P = 0.75, R
2 = 0.56) than in females (r
P = 0.63, R
2 = 0.40). Yet, correlations were not significantly different between region (r
P = 0.83, R
2 = 0.69) as opposed to point elastic floor (r
P = 0.87, R
2 = 0.76). Our findings indicate that the 2 apparatuses cannot be used interchangeably. Consequently, gym floor and sex-specific regression equations were provided to estimate true (Optojump system) vertical jump height from Vertec-derived data.
Nonlinear Analysis of an Unstable Bench Press Bar Path and Muscle Activation
Authors: Lawrence Michael A. , Leib Daniel J. , Ostrowski Stephanie J. , Carlson Lara A.
Published: August 2016

Lawrence, MA, Leib, DJ, Ostrowski, SJ, and Carlson, LA. Nonlinear analysis of an unstable bench press bar path and muscle activation. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1206–1211, 2017—Unstable resistance exercises are typically performed to improve the ability of stabilizing muscles to maintain joint integrity under a load. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an unstable load (as provided by a flexible barbell and a load suspended by elastic bands) on the bar path, the primary musculature, and stabilizing musculature while bench pressing using nonlinear analyses. Fifteen resistance-trained men (age 24.2 ± 2.7 years, mass 84.1 ± 12.0 kg, height 1.77 ± 0.05 m, 9.9 ± 3.4 years of lifting experience, and bench press 1 repetition maximum (RM) 107.5 ± 25.9 kg) volunteered for this study. Subjects pressed 2 sets of 5 repetitions in both stable (total load 75% 1RM) and unstable (total load 60% 1RM) conditions using a standard barbell and a flexible Earthquake bar, respectively. Surface electromyography was used to detect muscle activity of primary movers (pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, and triceps) and bar stabilizing musculature (latissimus dorsi, middle and posterior deltoid, biceps brachii, and upper trapezius). During the unstable condition, the bar moved in more ways and was less predictable in the mediolateral and anteroposterior directions. However, the muscle activation patterns of all muscles were more constrained with the unstable barbell. These findings suggest that the unstable condition was more challenging to control, but subjects controlled the instability by contracting their muscles in a more stable pattern or “staying tight” throughout the exercise.
The Effect of a Psychomotor Education Program on the Static Balance of Children With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Fotiadou Eleni G. , Neofotistou Konstantina H. , Giagazoglou Paraskevi F. , Tsimaras Vasilios K.
Published: August 2016

Fotiadou, EG, Neofotistou, KH, Giagazoglou, PF, and Tsimaras, VK. The effect of a psychomotor education program on the static balance of children with intellectual disability. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1702–1708, 2017—Children with intellectual disability (ID) demonstrate lower balance ability which results in substantial delays in motor growth and limits their function level. Psychomotor education comprises a holistic movement approach, with the aim to improve all aspects of each child personality. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a psychomotor education program on static balance of school-aged children with ID. Twenty children with ID who were 8–12 years old participated in the study. They were assigned to 2 groups, 1 experiment and 1 control. The experiment group attended a 16-week psychomotor education program at a frequency of 2 lessons per week, for 45 minutes. All the children who participated in the above measurements had (a) recording of anthropometric characteristics, (b) assessment of motor developmental index, and (c) measurement of static balance. The static balance ability was measured by means of an electronic pressure platform. Each child was requested to keep a quiet stance posture under 4 different conditions: double-leg stance with eyes opened or closed while they observed a visual or visual-auditory target. Participants of the intervention group reduced the values of static balance variables for all the positions. In conclusion, findings of this study clearly indicate that psychomotor education program has an important contribution to make for the most benefit of children with ID in terms of static balance.
Hydration Status, Executive Function, and Response to Orthostatism After a 118-km Mountain Race: Are They Interrelated?
Authors: Martínez-Navarro Ignacio , Chiva-Bartoll Oscar , Hernando Barbara , Collado Eladio , Porcar Vicente , Hernando Carlos
Published: August 2016

Martínez-Navarro, I, Chiva-Bartoll, O, Hernando, B, Collado, E, Porcar, V, and Hernando, C. Hydration status, executive function and response to orthostatism after a 118-km mountain race: are they interrelated? J Strength Cond Res 32(2): 441–449, 2018—The present study aimed to explore whether blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) responsiveness to orthostatism, jointly with executive function (EF) performance, was diminished after an ultra-endurance mountain race. Besides, we wanted to assess whether hydration status was related to either performance or the abovementioned alterations. Fifty recreational ultra-endurance athletes participating in the Penyagolosa Trails CSP115 race (118 km and a total positive elevation of 5,439 m) were evaluated before and after the competition. The HRV and BP were measured in response to an orthostatic challenge. The EF was evaluated using the color-word interference task of the Stroop test. Body mass (BM) and urine specific gravity (USG) changes were used to assess hydration status. The HRV and BP responsiveness to orthostatism was diminished after the race. Besides, a significant BM loss of 3.51 ± 2.03% was recorded. Conversely, EF and USG showed no significant changes from prerace to postrace. Eventually, BM loss was inversely related to finishing time (r = −0.34) and postrace orthostatic HR and EF were positively associated (r = 0.60). The USG and BM loss appear to provide different insights into hydration status, and our results challenge the well-established criteria that BM losses >2% are detrimental to performance. Coaches are advised to consider athletes' performance level when interpreting their BM changes during an ultra-endurance competition. Similarly, coaches should be aware that increased vulnerability to orthostatism is a common phenomenon after ultra-endurance races, and diminished HR responsiveness to orthostatism could constitute a practical indicator of EF worsening.
Physiological Demands of Elite Cross-Country Skiing During a Real Competition
Authors: Gonzalez-Millan Cristina , Perez-Brunicardi Dario , Salinero Juan J. , Lara Beatriz , Abián-Vicen Javier , Areces Francisco , Ruiz-Vicente Diana , Soriano Lidon , Del Coso Juan
Published: August 2016

Gonzalez-Millan, C, Perez-Brunicardi, D, Salinero, JJ, Lara, B, Abián-Vicen, J, Areces, F, Ruiz-Vicente, D, Soriano, L, and Del Coso, J. Physiological demands of elite cross-country skiing during a real competition.J Strength Cond Res31(6): 1536–1543, 2017—The aim of this study was to assess different physiological variables before and after a 5-km (women) and 10-km (men) cross-country skiing competition to determine potential mechanisms of fatigue. Fourteen elite-level skiers competed in an official cross-country skiing competition using the classical style (9 men and 5 women). Instantaneous skiing velocity was measured during the race by means of 15-Hz global positioning system devices. Before and after the race, a sample of venous blood was obtained to assess changes in blood lactate and serum electrolyte and myoglobin concentrations. Prerace to postrace changes in blood oxygen saturation, forced vital capacity during a spirometry test, jump height during a countermovement jump, and handgrip force were also measured. Mean race speed was 15.8 ± 2.5 and 15.4 ± 1.5 km·h−1, whereas mean heart rate was 171 ± 6 and 177 ± 3 b·min−1for men and women, respectively. There were no significant prerace to postrace changes in jump height, handgrip force, and forced vital capacity in men and women. Blood oxygen saturation was reduced from prerace to postrace in men (95.9 ± 2.1% to 93.1 ± 2.3%,p= 0.02) and women (97.8 ± 1.1% to 92.4 ± 2.1%,p< 0.01), whereas blood lactate concentration increased at the end of the race in men (1.4 ± 0.5 to 4.9 ± 2.1 mmol·L−1,p< 0.01) and women (1.9 ± 0.1 to 6.9 ± 3.2 mmol·L−1,p< 0.01). After the race, blood markers of muscle damage were at low concentrations, whereas serum electrolytes remained unchanged. Fatigue in 5- and 10-km cross-country skiing competitions was related to a reduced blood oxygen carrying capacity and presumably increased muscle and blood acidosis, whereas the influence of exercise-induced muscle damage on fatigue was minor.
Estimating the Effective Population Size from Temporal Allele Frequency Changes in Experimental Evolution
Authors: Jónás Ágnes , Taus Thomas , Kosiol Carolin , Schlötterer Christian , Futschik Andreas
Published: August 2016

The effective population size (Ne) is a major factor determining allele frequency changes in natural and experimental populations. Temporal methods provide a powerful and simple approach to estimate short-term Ne. They use allele frequency shifts between temporal samples to calculate the standardized variance, which is directly related to Ne. Here we focus on experimental evolution studies that often rely on repeated sequencing of samples in pools (Pool-seq). Pool-seq is cost-effective and often outperforms individual-based sequencing in estimating allele frequencies, but it is associated with atypical sampling properties: Additional to sampling individuals, sequencing DNA in pools leads to a second round of sampling, which increases the variance of allele frequency estimates. We propose a new estimator of Ne, which relies on allele frequency changes in temporal data and corrects for the variance in both sampling steps. In simulations, we obtain accurate Ne estimates, as long as the drift variance is not too small compared to the sampling and sequencing variance. In addition to genome-wide Ne estimates, we extend our method using a recursive partitioning approach to estimate Ne locally along the chromosome. Since the type I error is controlled, our method permits the identification of genomic regions that differ significantly in their Ne estimates. We present an application to Pool-seq data from experimental evolution with Drosophila and provide recommendations for whole-genome data. The estimator is computationally efficient and available as an R package at https://github.com/ThomasTaus/Nest.
Autism Screening With Online Decision Support by Primary Care Pediatricians Aided by M-CHAT/F
Authors: Sturner Raymond , Howard Barbara , Bergmann Paul , Morrel Tanya , Andon Lindsay , Marks Danielle , Rao Patricia , Landa Rebecca
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) often go undetected in toddlers. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) With Follow-up Interview (M-CHAT/F) has been shown to improve detection and reduce over-referral. However, there is little evidence supporting the administration of the interview by a primary care pediatrician (PCP) during typical checkups. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, validity, and reliability of the M-CHAT/F by PCPs with online prompts at the time of a positive M-CHAT screen.

DESIGN

Forty-seven PCPs from 22 clinics completed 197 M-CHAT/Fs triggered by positive M-CHAT screens via the same secure Web-based platform that parents used to complete M-CHATs before an 18- or 24-month well-child visit. A second M-CHAT/F was administered live or by telephone by trained research assistants (RAs) at the Kennedy Krieger Institute Center for Autism and Related Disorders. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition, and the Mullen Scales of Early Learning were administered as criterion measures. Measures of agreement between PCPs and RAs were calculated, and measures of test performance compared.

RESULTS:

There was 86.6% agreement between PCPs and RAs, with a Cohen’s κ of 0.72. Comparison of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and overall accuracy for M-CHAT/F between PCPs and RAs showed significant equivalence for all measures. Use of the M-CHAT/F by PCPs resulted in significant improvement in PPV compared with the M-CHAT alone.

CONCLUSIONS:

Minimally trained PCPs can administer the M-CHAT/F reliably and efficiently during regular well-child visits, increasing PPV without compromising detection.
Evaluation of a New Strategy for Clean-Catch Urine in Infants
Authors: Labrosse Mélanie , Levy Arielle , Autmizguine Julie , Gravel Jocelyn
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

A new noninvasive bladder stimulation technique has been described to obtain clean-catch urine (CCU) in infants aged <30 days. Objectives were (1) to determine proportion and predictive factors for successful CCU collections using a stimulation maneuver technique among infants <6 months and (2) to determine the proportion of bacterial contamination with this method.

METHODS:

A prospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary pediatric emergency department among infants <6 months needing a urine sample. CCU samples were collected using a standardized stimulation technique. Invasive technique was performed after CCU for three specific conditions. Primary outcomes were proportions of successful CCU specimens and bacterial contamination. We determined associations between successful urine samples and 4 predictive factors (age, sex, low oral intake, and recent voiding).

RESULTS:

A total of 126 infants were included (64 boys, median age: 55 days). The CCU procedure was effective in 62 infants (49%; median time: 45 seconds). Infants 0 to 29 days; 30 to 59 days, and 60 to 89 days had more successful procedures, compared with infants >89 days (odds ratios [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 4.3 [1.4 to 13.4]; 3.2 [1.2 to 8.4]; and 4.44 [1.5 to 13.3], respectively). The contamination proportion was 16% (95% CI: 8% to 27%) in the CCU group. This proportion was not statistically different compared with the invasive method group (6%, 95% CI: 3% to 15%).

CONCLUSIONS:

The CCU procedure is a quick and effective noninvasive method in children aged <90 days. Contamination proportions were similar to those reported in the literature for urethral catheterization. Circumstances for which the CCU procedure could be performed are proposed.
Isaac Abravanel’s Question and Joseph Hayyun’s Answer
Authors: Viezel Eran
Published: August 2016

In the second half of the fifteenth century, Isaac Abravanel addressed a question to Rabbi Joseph Hayyun, the spiritual leader of the Lisbon Jewish Community: Did God dictate the book of Devarim (Deuteronomy) to Moses word for word as he did in the case of the other four books of the Torah, or was this book created independently by Moses? According to the author, Abravanel’s question and Joseph Hayyun’s answer mark a new chapter in the history of examining the level of creative freedom Moses had in writing the Torah.
Spirituality as Lived Interpretation
Authors: Fortin Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2016

Recent attempts to define the object of and suitable method for spirituality—such as Kees Waaijman’s and Sandra M. Schneiders’—invoke phenomenological and meta-cognitive approaches which prevent (rather than favour) engagement with lived experience. I propose, instead, to conceive spirituality as interpretive encounter and dialogue between the researcher’s and the studied subject’s experiences of inner transformation. The researcher gains access to other spiritual traditions by assuming her own spiritual localization and by reaching out to other living experiences and traditions in their distinctiveness. This mutually enriching conversation itself progressively sheds light on its undergirding foundation: the human longing for God.
Western Arctic Historical Citation Project
Authors: Vanast Walter
Published: August 2016

So rich are late nineteenth century Mackenzie Delta culture-contact archives as to preclude any one scholar from fully locating data by ethnic group (Kukpugmiut, Nunatagmiut, other Beaufort Sea Inuit, Gwich’in, whalers, would-be gold miners traversing the region, fur trade staff, adventurers, clerics), passage (the three main channels and their connections), site (Fort McPherson, Tununiak, Iglogzyooit, Singigizyooak, Kuwachuk, Kittigazuit, Tuktoyaktuk, Eskimo Lakes, Baillie Islands, Yukon Coast, Okpooyetchiuk, Shingle Point, Herschel Island), fauna (beluga, bowhead, caribou, fish, etc.), flora, natural phenomena (ice formation, spring breakup), or human process (migration, inter-tribal relations, power structures, family dynamics, women’s roles, violence, hunting methods, traditional beliefs, infanticide, sickness and death, trade, modernization, missionization, and so on). The Western Arctic Historical Citation Project (WAHCP) facilitates the effort by posting on Academia.edu documents transcribed by this author and the syntheses they inspired.
John Chrysostom on Divine Pedagogy: The Coherence of His Theology and Preaching, by David Rylaarsdam
Authors: Sabo Theodore
Published: August 2016

John Chrysostom on Divine Pedagogy: The Coherence of His Theology and Preaching, by David Rylaarsdam. Oxford University Press, 2014. 317 + xxvi pp. Hb., $93.92. ISBN-13: 9780198715382.
The immunogenetics of multiple sclerosis. The frequency of HLA-alleles class 1 and 2 is lower in Southern Brazil than in the European population
Authors: Werneck Lineu Cesar , Lorenzoni Paulo José , Arndt Raquel Cristina , Kay Cláudia Suemi Kamoi , Scola Rosana Herminia
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Objective To study the HLA of class 1and 2 in a multiple sclerosis (MS) population to verify the susceptibility for the disease in the Southern Brazil. Methods We analyzed patients with MS and controls, by direct sequencing of the genes related to HLA DRB1, DQB1, DPB1, A, B and C alleles with high resolution techniques. Results We found a lower frequency of all HLA alleles class 1 and 2 in MS and controls comparing to the European population. Several alleles had statistical correlation, but after Bonferroni correction, the only allele with significance was the HLA-DQB1*02:03, which has a positive association with MS. Conclusions Our data have different frequency of HLA-alleles than the previous published papers in the Southeast Brazil and European population, possible due to several ethnic backgrounds.
Condicionantes políticos e técnicos das transferências voluntárias da União aos municípios brasileiros
Authors: Soares Márcia Miranda , Melo Bruno Guimarães de
Published: August 2016

Resumo O trabalho analisa as transferências voluntárias da União (TVU), via convênios, para os municípios entre 1995 e 2010. O tema está inserido no debate sobre federalismo fiscal e será discutido no contexto da recentralização fiscal brasileira, a partir de 1994. O objetivo é verificar quais fatores definem a maior ou menor participação dos entes locais no total desses recursos a partir de três dimensões explicativas: a político-partidária, a redistributiva e a técnica. Os resultados encontrados, por meio de análise descritiva e de regressão estatística, apontam que receberam mais recursos de TVU: os municípios cujos prefeitos eram do mesmo partido ou da base aliada do presidente, os que proporcionaram maior votação ao presidente em sua eleição e os que tinham maior receita tributária própria, que foi considerada indicador de riqueza e de capacidade técnica. A conclusão é que as TVU para os municípios não são redistributivas, mas condicionadas por fatores políticos e técnicos.
Redes de investimento e o financiamento de campanhas em Minas Gerais
Authors: Melo-Silva Gustavo
Published: August 2016

Resumo O estado de Minas Gerais foi pioneiro no país a adotar um marco legal sobre as parcerias público-privadas (PPPs). A modernização do Estado, por um lado, teve como um de seus fiadores as relações de parceria entre o Estado e o mercado que, por outro lado, podem indicar a existência de dilemas sociais da democracia brasileira, como no financiamento privado das campanhas eleitorais. Por meio da sociologia estrutural dos relacionamentos, foram analisadas redes interorganizacionais de investimentos compostas por 127 atores, entre 2000 e 2014, com a identificação de quais atores financiaram candidatos a governador e partidos políticos nas eleições de 2002, 2006 e 2010. A pesquisa evidenciou a modernização do Estado com a especialização das organizações e indicou a influência do poder econômico no atendimento das demandas públicas e no financiamento privado das campanhas eleitorais.
Cultural adaptation and the Clavien-Dindo surgical complications classification translated to Brazilian Portuguese.
Authors: MOREIRA LUIS FERNANDO , PESSÔA MARCELO CASTRO MARÇAL , MATTANA DIEGO SACHET , SCHMITZ FERNANDO FERNANDES , VOLKWEIS BERNARDO SILVEIRA , ANTONIAZZI JORGE LUIZ , RIBEIRO LIACYR
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: to generate a translated and validated version of the Clavien-Dindo Classification of Surgical Complications (CDC) to Brazilian Portuguese (CDC-BR). Methods: the process of translation and adaptation followed the guideline of Beaton et al., 2000. We divided 76 participating surgeons, in different levels of experience, from the Department Surgery of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, into two groups: Group I applied the original version (CDC, n=36);r Group II used the modified version (CDC-BR, n=40). Each group classified 15 clinical cases of surgical complications. We compared performance between the groups (Mann-Whitney test) relating to the level of experience of the surgeon (Kruskal-Wallis test), considering p value <0.05 as significant. Results: the performance of the Group II (CDC-BR) was higher, with 85% accuracy, compared with 79% of Group I (CDC), p-value =0.012. The performance of the groups as for surgeons experience displayed p=0.171 for Group I, p=0.528 for Group II, and p=0.135 for overall performance. Conclusion: we produced a translated and validated version of the CDC for Brazilian Portuguese. The instrument will be a useful tool in the production of evidence on surgical outcomes.
The history of the parathyroid surgery
Authors: Toneto Marcelo Garcia , Prill Shandi , Debon Leticia Manoel , Furlan Fernando Zucuni , Steffen Nedio
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT The authors conducted a review of the major aspects of progression of knowledge about the surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism. Through literature review, we analyzed articles on the history of the evolution of anatomical, physiological, pathological and surgical knowledge of the parathyroid glands. Because of their unique anatomical features, the parathyroid glands were the last of the endocrine glands to be discovered, which greatly hindered proper treatment until the first decades of the twentieth century. Technological developments in the last 30 years greatly facilitated the location of the glands and hyperparathyroidism surgery. However, an experienced and dedicated surgeon is still essential to the excellence of treatment.
Alterations of blood flow pattern after triple stent endovascular treatment of saccular abdominal aortic aneurysm: a porcine model.
Authors: OLIVEIRA JAHIR RICHARD DE , AQUINO MAURÍCIO DE AMORIM , BARROS SVETLANA , PITTA GUILHERME BENJAMIN BRANDÃO , PEREIRA ADAMASTOR HUMBERTO
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the blood flow pattern changes after endovascular treatment of saccular abdominal aortic aneurysm with triple stent. Methods: we conducted a hemodynamic study of seven Landrace and Large White pigs with saccular aneurysms of the infrarenal abdominal aorta artificially produced according to the technique described. The animals were subjected to triple stenting for endovascular aneurysm. We evaluated the pattern of blood flow by duplex scan before and after stent implantation. We used the non-paired Mann-Whitney test for statistical analysis. Results: there was a significant decrease in the average systolic velocity, from 127.4cm/s in the pre-stent period to 69.81cm/s in the post-stent phase. There was also change in the flow pattern from turbulent in the aneurysmal sac to laminate intra-stent. Conclusion: there were changes in the blood flow pattern of saccular abdominal aortic aneurysm after endovascular treatment with triple stent.
PROCESSOS IDENTITÁRIOS E RELAÇÕES PATRÃO-CLIENTE ENTRE OS KAIOWA
Authors: Silva Alexandra Barbosa da
Published: August 2016

Resumo O presente trabalho pretende analisar como são delineados processos identitários a partir das interações entre indígenas kaiowa e não indígenas no Mato Grosso do Sul. Neste proceder será considerada a relação patrão (não indígena) / cliente (indígena), lançando-se mão de uma bibliografia sobre patronagem e compadrio, considerando seus alcances e limites explicativos. Entende-se que a compreensão das relações interétnicas na região (bem como dos conflitos destas decorrentes) é beneficiária justamente de tal reflexão, que porém, até o momento, tem tido pouca atenção. Perceber-se-á que as distinções étnicas - construídas ao longo do tempo - vêm sendo reforçadas e acentuadas por processos políticos, de modo que assim nos encontramos, em alguma medida, com reflexões que já haviam sido avançadas por Max Weber.
O TRABALHO EM CARNE VIVA. OBSERVAÇÃO PARTICIPANTE DO TRABALHO OPERÁRIO
Authors: Monteiro Bruno
Published: August 2016

Resumo Este texto visa expor a lógica moral e sensual do universo fabril, tentando suplementar as leituras excessivamente técnicas do trabalho com um estudo contextualizado e encarnado das práticas operárias. Nesse sentido, o investigador procedeu a um trabalho de observação participante, trabalhando 14 semanas, em 2007, como operador de máquina numa fábrica de mobiliário do Noroeste português. Um ano mais tarde, em 2008, ele voltaria para estudar a comunidade envolvente por mais 16 semanas. A partir da objectivação sociológica da experiência visceral do trabalho, foi possível conhecer o processo de incorporação do senso prático dos trabalhadores, conhecido localmente como "aprender a arte". Dada a sua relevância, é concedida uma atenção particular às implicações que teve o recurso à observação participante para esta pesquisa sociológica.
Digestible lysine for broiler chickens with lower genetic potential grown on free-range system
Authors: Nascimento Eduardo Souza do , Lima Cristina Amorim Ribeiro de , Brasil Ronner Joaquim Mendonça , Machado Noédson de Jesus Beltrão , Sousa Felipe Dilelis de Resende , Corrêa Gerusa da Silva Salles
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Determining the actual lysine requirement is crucial as it is an essential amino acid and plays animportant role in the metabolism of broilers. In addition, it is the second limiting amino acid for broilers fed with rations formulated basedon corn and soybean meal. The aim of this study was to determine the digestible lysine requirement for male broilers with lower genetic potential for growth in a semi-confined system as well as to evaluate the effects of different values of digestible lysine on performance and carcass characteristics. A total of 300 broiler chickensfrom a commercial lineage EMBRAPA 041 were used with an average initial weight of 987 g. The broilers were distributed into 20 experimental units in a completely randomized design with five treatments (0.586; 0.746; 0.906; 1.066, and 1.226% digestible lysine), four replicates and 15 broilers per experimental unit.In both periods, there were linear effect of digestible lysine values on the lysine intake and lysine utilization efficiency and quadratic effect on final body weight, weight gain and feed: gain ratio.There was a quadratic effect on the absolute weight of carcasses, breast, thigh + drumstick and income gizzard.For rearing of male broilers with lesser genetic growth potential reared in semi-confinement, rations with 1.040% and 1.103% digestible lysine can be recommended for maximum weight gain in periods from 35 to 70 and 35 to 84 days of age, respectively.
Soil and water losses in eucalyptus plantation and natural forest and determination of the USLE factors at a pilot sub-basin in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Silva Bárbara Pereira Christofaro , Silva Marx Leandro Naves , Batista Pedro Velloso Gomes , Pontes Lucas Machado , Araújo Elias Frank , Curi Nilton
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Monitoring water erosion and the factors that control soil and water loss are essential for soil conservation planning. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil and water losses by water erosion under natural rainfall in eucalyptus plantations established in 2001 (EF2), and 2004 (EF1), native forest (NF) and bare soil (BS), during the period of 2007 to 2012; and to determine the USLE factors: rain erosivity (R), erodibility (K) of a Red Argisol and the cover-management factor (C) for EF1, EF2 and NF at a pilot sub-basin, in Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil. The R factor was estimated by the EI30 index, using rainfall data from a gauging station located at the sub-basin. The soil and water losses were monitored in erosion plots, providing consistent data for the estimation of the K and C factors. The sub-basin presented an average erosivity of 4,228.52 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 yr-1. The average annual soil losses em EF1 and EF2 (0.81 e 0.12 Mg ha-1 year-1, respectively) were below of the limit of tolerance, 12.9 Mg ha-1 year-1. The percentage values of water loss relating to the total rainfall decreased annually, approaching the values observed at the NF. From the 5th year on after the implantation of the eucalyptus systems, soil losses values were similar to the ones from NF. The erodibility of the Red Argisol was of 0.0026 Mg ha h ha-1 MJ-1mm-1 and the C factor presented values of 0.121, 0.016 and 0.015 for EF1, EF2 and NF, respectively.
Long-term phosphate fertilization, mycorrhizal inoculation and historical land use influence on soybean growth and P uptake
Authors: Motta Paulo Emílio Ferreira da , Siqueira José Oswaldo , Ribeiro Bruno Teixeira , Norton Lloyd Darrell , Silva Sérgio Henrique Godinho , Curi Nilton
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Phosphorus is a key-nutrient in the fertility management of highly weathered tropical soils. So, this work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the influence of the interaction between P doses, mycorrhizal inoculation and historical land use on soybean growth and P uptake in five Latosols (Oxisols) with contrasting chemical, physical and mineralogical properties under a continuous long-term phosphate fertilization (more than 15 years). The plants were cultivated in 4.5L-plastic pots containing 4 kg of soil in a completely randomized design, four replications and 2x2x2 factorial scheme with two P doses; and with or without mycorrhizal inoculation; and soils cultivated for long periods and non-cultivated (under native vegetation). There were two cultivations of ten weeks each. Shoot dry mass, P content and accumulation in the shoot dry mass were evaluated after each cultivation period. The cultivation history reduced the response to P application and inoculation. The soybean response to inoculation was greater in cultivated soils and when the lower P dose was applied. The soybean response magnitude to these variables was different among the studied Latosols. The mineralogical and chemical attributes of the Latosols were determinants.
Perspectives for treating Alzheimer's disease: a review on promising pharmacological substances
Authors: Cazarim Maurílio de Souza , Moriguti Julio Cesar , Ogunjimi Abayomi Tolulope , Pereira Leonardo Régis Leira
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Dementia is a syndrome characterized by functional and cognitive decline. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia and has high prevalence among the elderly. It is known that there is no drug capable of interfering with the course of the disease. Research on treatments for AD has been marked by the appearance of new drugs and their abandonment. This study aimed to describe drugs that have been studied with regard to treating AD and which are capable of influencing the course of the disease. DESIGN AND SETTING: Narrative review on original articles published worldwide. METHODS: A systematized search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library/Cochrane and SciELO/Bireme databases. The descriptors "Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action" and "Drug Therapy" were each combined with the descriptor "Alzheimer disease". All of these can be found in MeSH and DeCS. These descriptors were used alone or in combination, and a filter specifying publication between January 2009 and October 2015 in English, Spanish or Portuguese was set. RESULTS: 6,888 articles were found, of which 37 were included in this review; 70.3% of the articles selected were of good quality with low or unclear risk of bias. 86 drugs were considered promising for AD treatment and these were classified into 20 pharmacological categories. CONCLUSION: There are no drugs capable of influencing the course of AD such that treatments are safe and effective. However, immunomodulators stood out as promising, given their effectiveness and quality in the articles analyzed.
Blood pressure levels and body mass index in Brazilian adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Pucci Felipe , Machado Guilherme , Solera Edcarlo , Cenovicz Fernanda , Arruda Christian , Braga Chiu , Nisihara Renato
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Increased life expectancy among people with Down syndrome (DS) has introduced new environmental factors that may affect blood pressure (BP) and/or lead to obesity in this population. The aim here was to investigate BP levels and body mass index (BMI) in adults with DS, correlating these data with the patients' sex and age. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional observational study conducted in special schools in Curitiba (PR), Brazil. METHODS: 97 adult patients were included. BP was measured in accordance with the established guidelines. BMI was calculated by dividing the weight by the height squared (kg/m2). RESULTS: Sex had no influence on BMI; nor did systolic BP (SBP) or diastolic BP (DBP). The age range was from 18 to 56 years. No correlation was observed between increasing age and greater BMI or BP. Eighty-six individuals (88.7%) presented normal BP, eleven (11.3%) prehypertension and none hypertension. Twenty patients (20.4%) presented BP lower than 90 × 60 mmHg. BMI ranged from 18 to 48 kg/m2 (mean of 28.8 ± 3.92 kg/m2): 21.9% had normal weight; 40.7% were overweight; and 25.3% had obesity class I, 9.9% class II and 2.2% class III. Higher BMI was associated with significantly greater SBP and DBP (P = 0.0175 and P = 0.0015). CONCLUSION: Sex and age did not influence SBP, DBP or BMI in Brazilian adults with DS. Higher BMI was associated with greater BP (both systolic and diastolic).
Biology and description of immature stages of Gymnetis rufilateris (Illiger, 1800) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae: Cetoniinae)
Authors: Rodrigues Sérgio Roberto , Garcia Felix Placencia , Falco Josani Silva , Morón Miguel Angel
Published: August 2016

Abstract Larvae, pupae and adults of Gymnetis rufilateris (Illiger, 1800) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae: Cetoniinae) were collected in the municipality of Rochedo, Mato Grosso do Sul State. Studies on biology and morphology were conducted at the Laboratory of Entomology of the Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Females of couples formed in the laboratory oviposited and allowed the biology studies. The eggs lasted for 15.5 days. Larvae of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd instars lasted 13.5, 30.6 and 113.1 days, respectively. The pupal period lasted 12.8 days. The egg-to-adult period lasts 186.8 days. The larvae fed on decomposing feces of poultry. In the laboratory, adults fed on ripe banana (Musa sp.) (Musaceae). Descriptions of the 3rd larval instar and pupa of G. rufilateris are presented. A key to known larvae of Gymnetis is also included.
Comportamento biomecânico de diferentes placas de avanço da tuberosidade da tíbia em cães: estudo comparativo ex vivo
Authors: Yamauchi K.C.I. , Ferrigno C.R.A. , Pereira C.A.M. , Cavalcanti R.A.O. , Grisi-Filho J.H.H.
Published: August 2016

RESUMO Este é o primeiro estudo que compara o comportamento biomecânico de duas diferentes placas de avanço da tuberosidade tibial (ATT). Com o objetivo de minimizar a incidência de falhas de implante, foram realizados ensaios biomecânicos em 10 pares de membros pélvicos de cadáveres de cães. No membro pélvico direito, foi colocada placa de ATT fixa por garfo, e no membro pélvico esquerdo placa fixa por parafusos. Os ensaios foram realizados utilizando-se máquina universal de ensaios mecânicos Kratos(r), modelo KE3000, dotada de célula de carga de 3000N, com velocidade de ensaio de 20mm/min. O parâmetro força e os gráficos gerados foram gravados por meio de sistema de aquisição analógica TRACOMP-W95 (TRCV61285). A média da carga máxima até a falha foi de 128,70kg/F (mínimo 104,55kg/F e máximo 151,80kg/F) e de 141,99kg/F (mínimo 111,60kg/F e máximo 169,65kg/F) no grupo utilizando garfo e parafusos, respectivamente. O desvio-padrão dos grupos garfo e parafuso foi baixo, 12,99 e 17,21, respectivamente. Foi encontrada diferença significativa (P=0,03) entre as médias dos grupos. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que existe diferença estatística significativa na resistência promovida entre as placas testadas, quando se observou que a placa fixa por parafusos promove maior resistência.
Organic acids in diets of weaned piglets: performance, digestibility and economical viability
Authors: Boas A.D.C.V. , Budiño F.E.L. , T. Neto M.A. , Schmidt A. , Dadalt J.C. , Monferdini R.P. , Sitanaka N.Y. , Moraes J.E. , Pizzolante C.C.
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Organic acids are used as feed additives to promote growth of weaned piglets since they prevent the occurrence of diarrhea. Thus, performance and digestibility assays were conducted and economic viability of diets was evaluated. In the performance assays, 64 hybrid piglets weaned with a mean weight of 5.87±0.31kg were divided in a randomized block design consisting of 4 treatments, 8 repetitions and 2 piglets per experimental unit (1 castrated male and 1 female). In the digestibility assay, 24 castrated male hybrid piglets with a mean weight of 8.21±0.79kg were individually assigned to 4 treatments and 6 repetitions. The treatments in the two assays were as follows: control, basal diet without addition of an acidifier; blend: inclusion of 0.5% of a mixture of organic acids; butyrate: inclusion of 0.1% of sodium butyrate; blend+butyrate: inclusion of 0.5% of a mixture of organic acids and 0.1% sodium butyrate. There was no effect (P>0.05) of the acidifiers on animal performance during the period studied. Organic acids exerted no effect (P>0.05) on the apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients. Diets supplemented with sodium butyrate had an economic advantage for the period of 10-24 days. No episode of diarrhea was observed. This study demonstrated no effect of acidifier feed additives as growth promoters in complex diets for weaned piglets.
Sonographic abnormalities in augmented bladder using porcine intestinal submucosa (SIS)
Authors: Rossetto V.J.V. , Souza P.M. , Doiche D.P. , Mamprim M.J. , Padovani C.R. , Brandão C.V.S.
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Among the different materials for bladder augmentation, porcine intestinal submucosa (SIS) is the most widely investigated and stands out for its ability as a cell scaffold. In this context, the ultrasound examination allows the detection of changes from the surgical procedure, enabling the early verification of potential complications and evaluation of patient outcomes. The aim of this paper is to describe the main sonographic findings in dogs submitted to cystoplasty using acellular SIS and seeded with homologous smooth muscle cells at 30 (M30) and 60 (M60) days postoperatively. Sonographic changes included irregularities and thickening of bladder wall especially at M30. Additionally, were visualized urinary sediment and uroliths in animals submitted to acellular SIS cistoplasty. Abdominal ultrasonography was useful in the postoperative evaluation of animals undergoing cystoplasty with acellular or seeded SIS.