bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disentangling the Association Between the Big Five Personality Traits and Student Achievement: Meta-Analytic Evidence on the Role of Domain Specificity and Achievement Measures
Authors: Meyer Jennifer , Jansen Thorben , Hübner Nicolas , Lüdtke Oliver
Published: January 2023

Students’ academic achievement is a central predictor of a long list of important educational outcomes, such as access to higher education and socioeconomic success. Prior studies have extensively focused on identifying variables that are related to academic achievement and an important variable in this context appears to be students’ personality. Notably, although findings from more recent studies suggested that the association between student achievement and personality varies by the subject domain (language vs. STEM) and the type of achievement measure (grades vs. test scores), systematic meta-analytical evidence is still lacking. To address this gap in the educational research literature, we conducted a meta-analysis based on 78 studies, with 1491 effect sizes representing data from 500,218 students and 110 samples from elementary to high school. We used a random-effects model with robust variance estimation to calculate mean effect sizes and standard deviations. We found moderating effects of measure or domain for all five personality traits, with differences in the direction of the effects. Our results highlight the importance of the domain and measure when examining how personality traits relate to academic achievement in school. The combination of subject domain and achievement was also found to be relevant for some of the traits. These findings emphasize that subject domains and types of achievement measures should be explicitly considered when investigating the personality saturation of student achievement. We discuss implications for future research, highlighting that there is no “best” or “more objective” achievement measure but, instead, that achievement measures should be chosen based on the research question of interest.
Vitamin D intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Japanese men and women: the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study
Authors: Nanri Akiko , Mizoue Tetsuya , Goto Atsushi , Noda Mitsuhiko , Sawada Norie , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   For the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Group
Published: January 2023

While higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations have been reported to be associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality, evidence on dietary vitamin D intake is limited and inconsistent. We investigated whether vitamin D intake is associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among Japanese adults. Participants were 42,992 men and 50,693 women who responded to the second survey of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (1995–1998) and who were followed up for mortality through 2018. Dietary intake was ascertained using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios of deaths from the second survey to December 2018 were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. During follow-up, we identified 22,630 deaths. Overall, the third and fourth quintiles, but not the highest quintile, of vitamin D intake were each associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality. In subgroups characterized by low sunlight exposure, risk of all-cause mortality decreased linearly with increasing vitamin D intake. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of all-cause mortality for the highest versus lowest quintile of vitamin D intake were 0.87 (0.79–0.95) in women and 0.88 (0.79–0.97) in residents of higher latitude areas. Lower risk was also observed for all-cause mortality in participants with hypertension and for heart disease mortality in those with higher calcium intake. Higher vitamin D intake was associated with decreased risk of ischemic stroke and pneumonia mortality. Higher dietary vitamin D was associated with a lower risk of mortality among individuals with low sunlight exposure or hypertension. Individuals with potentially low vitamin D may benefit from increasing dietary vitamin D intake for the prevention of premature death.
Monitoring invasive pines using remote sensing: a case study from Sri Lanka
Authors: Nandasena W.D.K.V. , Brabyn Lars , Serrao-Neumann Silvia
Published: January 2023

Production plantation forestry has many economic benefits but can also have negative environmental impacts such as the spreading of invasive pines to native forest habitats. Monitoring forest for the presence of invasive pines helps with the management of this issue. However, detection of vegetation change over a large time period is difficult due to changes in image quality and sensor types, and by the spectral similarity of evergreen species and frequent cloud cover in the study area. The costs of high-resolution images are also prohibitive for routine monitoring in resource-constrained countries. This research investigated the use of remote sensing to identify the spread of Pinus caribaea over a 21-year period (2000 to 2021) in Belihuloya, Sri Lanka, using Landsat images. It applied a range of techniques to produce cloud free images, extract vegetation features, and improve vegetation classification accuracy, followed by the use of Geographical Information System to spatially analyze the spread of invasive pines. The results showed most invading pines were found within 100 m of the pine plantations’ borders where broadleaved forests and grasslands are vulnerable to invasion. However, the extent of invasive pine had an overall decline of 4 ha over the 21 years. The study confirmed that remote sensing combined with spatial analysis are effective tools for monitoring invasive pines in countries with limited resources. This study also provides information to conservationists and forest managers to conduct strategic planning for sustainable forest management and conservation in Sri Lanka.
Enhancing the defectiveness prediction of methods and classes via JIT
Authors: Falessi Davide , Laureani Simone Mesiano , Çarka Jonida , Esposito Matteo , Costa Daniel Alencar da
Published: January 2023

Context

Defect prediction can help at prioritizing testing tasks by, for instance, ranking a list of items (methods and classes) according to their likelihood to be defective. While many studies investigated how to predict the defectiveness of commits, methods, or classes separately, no study investigated how these predictions differ or benefit each other. Specifically, at the end of a release, before the code is shipped to production, testing can be aided by ranking methods or classes, and we do not know which of the two approaches is more accurate. Moreover, every commit touches one or more methods in one or more classes; hence, the likelihood of a method and a class being defective can be associated with the likelihood of the touching commits being defective. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that the accuracy of methods-defectiveness-predictions (MDP) and the class-defectiveness-predictions (CDP) are increased by leveraging commits-defectiveness-predictions (aka JIT).

Objective

The contribution of this paper is fourfold: (i) We compare methods and classes in terms of defectiveness and (ii) of accuracy in defectiveness prediction, (iii) we propose and evaluate a first and simple approach that leverages JIT to increase MDP accuracy and (iv) CDP accuracy.

Method

We analyse accuracy using two types of metrics (threshold-independent and effort-aware). We also use feature selection metrics, nine machine learning defect prediction classifiers, more than 2.000 defects related to 38 releases of nine open source projects from the Apache ecosystem. Our results are based on a ground truth with a total of 285,139 data points and 46 features among commits, methods and classes.

Results

Our results show that leveraging JIT by using a simple median approach increases the accuracy of MDP by an average of 17% AUC and 46% PofB10 while it increases the accuracy of CDP by an average of 31% AUC and 38% PofB20.

Conclusions

From a practitioner’s perspective, it is better to predict and rank defective methods than defective classes. From a researcher’s perspective, there is a high potential for leveraging statement-defectiveness-prediction (SDP) to aid MDP and CDP.
Effects of periodic mechanical stress on cytoskeleton dependent lipid raft-induced integrin ɑ1 activation in rat nucleus pulposus cells
Authors: Gao Gongming , Ren Kewei , Chen Liang , Li Xinru , Li Zitong , Liu Yang , Ouyang Chenxi , Wang Hao , Nong Luming , Xie Hua
Published: January 2023

Extracellular matrix (ECM) production and nucleus pulposus (NP) cell migration increase under periodic mechanical stress (PMS), but the underpinning regulatory mechanism remains unclear. This work aimed to examine the regulatory effects of cytoskeleton-lipid raft-integrin α1 signaling in NP cells exposed to PMS. Briefly, In NP cells, cytoskeleton rearrangement, lipid raft aggregation and integrin α1 expression in the stress and control groups were assessed by immunofluorescent staining and immunoblot. In addition, cell migration and ECM gene expression were detected by a scratch test and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‑PCR), respectively. As a result, PMS up-regulated ECM gene expression and enhanced NP cell migration (both P < 0.05), accompanied by increased integrin α1, lipid raft, caveolin-3, F-actin and β-tubulin amounts. Pretreatment with the lipid raft inhibitor methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) or small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting caveolin-3 resulted in decreased ECM mRNA synthesis and cell migration induced by PMS (both P < 0.05); meanwhile, integrin α1 expression was also reduced. F-actin and β-tubulin inhibition by cytochalasin D and colchicine, respectively, not only reduced ECM mRNA synthesis and cell migration (both P < 0.05), but also disrupted lipid raft and caveolin-3 amount increases induced by PMS in NP cells. In conclusion, PMS promotes ECM mRNA up-regulation and cell migration through the cytoskeleton-lipid raft-integrin α1 signaling pathway, inhibiting cytoskeleton and lipid rafts could block the cellular effects.
Prediction model for milk transfer of drugs by primarily evaluating the area under the curve using QSAR/QSPR
Authors: Maeshima Tae , Yoshida Shin , Watanabe Machiko , Itagaki Fumio
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Information on milk transferability of drugs is important for patients who wish to breastfeed. The purpose of this study is to develop a prediction model for milk-to-plasma drug concentration ratio based on area under the curve (M/PAUC). The quantitative structure–activity/property relationship (QSAR/QSPR) approach was used to predict compounds involved in active transport during milk transfer.

Methods

We collected M/P ratio data from literature, which were curated and divided into M/PAUC ≥ 1 and M/PAUC < 1. Using the ADMET Predictor® and ADMET Modeler™, we constructed two types of binary classification models: an artificial neural network (ANN) and a support vector machine (SVM).

Results

M/P ratios of 403 compounds were collected, M/PAUC data were obtained for 173 compounds, while 230 compounds only had M/Pnon-AUC values reported. The models were constructed using 129 of the 173 compounds, excluding colostrum data. The sensitivity of the ANN model was 0.969 for the training set and 0.833 for the test set, while the sensitivity of the SVM model was 0.971 for the training set and 0.667 for the test set. The contribution of the charge-based descriptor was high in both models.

Conclusions

We built a M/PAUC prediction model using QSAR/QSPR. These predictive models can play an auxiliary role in evaluating the milk transferability of drugs.
An Axiomatic System for Concessive Conditionals
Authors: Raidl Eric , Iacona Andrea , Crupi Vincenzo
Published: January 2023

According to the analysis of concessive conditionals suggested by Crupi and Iacona, a concessive conditional $$p{{\,\mathrm{\hookrightarrow }\,}}q$$

p

↪

q

is adequately formalized as a conjunction of conditionals. This paper presents a sound and complete axiomatic system for concessive conditionals so understood. The soundness and completeness proofs that will be provided rely on a method that has been employed by Raidl, Iacona, and Crupi to prove the soundness and completeness of an analogous system for evidential conditionals.
The comparison of polymorphism among Avena species revealed by retrotransposon-based DNA markers and soluble carbohydrates in seeds
Authors: Androsiuk Piotr , Milarska Sylwia Eryka , Dulska Justyna , Kellmann-Sopyła Wioleta , Szablińska-Piernik Joanna , Lahuta Lesław Bernard
Published: January 2023

Here, we compared the polymorphism among 13 Avena species revealed by the iPBS markers and soluble carbohydrate profiles in seeds. The application of seven iPBS markers generated 83 bands, out of which 20.5% were polymorphic. No species-specific bands were scored. Shannon’s information index (I) and expected heterozygosity (He) revealed low genetic diversity, with the highest values observed for A. nuda (I = 0.099; He = 0.068). UPGMA clustering of studied Avena accessions and PCoA results showed that the polyploidy level is the main grouping criterion. High-resolution gas chromatography revealed that the studied Avena accessions share the same composition of soluble carbohydrates, but significant differences in the content of total (5.30–22.38 mg g−1 of dry weight) and particular sugars among studied samples were observed. Sucrose appeared as the most abundant sugar (mean 61.52% of total soluble carbohydrates), followed by raffinose family oligosaccharides (31.23%), myo-inositol and its galactosides (6.16%), and monosaccharides (1.09%). The pattern of interspecific variation in soluble carbohydrates, showed by PCA, was convergent to that revealed by iPBS markers. Thus, both methods appeared as a source of valuable data useful in the characterization of Avena resources or in the discussion on the evolution of this genus.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Autistic Adults: a Scoping Review
Authors: Scheeren Anke M. , Crane Laura , Heyworth Melanie , Pellicano Elizabeth
Published: January 2023

Purpose of Review

The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions have had a significant impact on people’s everyday lives, including the lives of Autistic adults. We aimed to (a) synthesise all papers currently published on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on autistic adults and (b) identify lessons for the care and support of Autistic adults in pandemic and post-pandemic times.

Recent Findings

Fifty-five papers met the inclusion criteria. Most studies focused on the pandemic’s impact on the wellbeing of Autistic adults. Several studies focused on the use of (telehealth) services or the risk of COVID-19 infection/hospitalisation.

Autistic adults were significantly impacted by the pandemic, both directly as indicated by higher COVID-19 infection and hospitalisation rates, but also indirectly due to severe service disruptions and social restrictions. Even though there were large differences observed both between as well as within individuals in terms of the negative/positive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, most studies reported a negative effect on Autistic adults’ mental health. We draw several lessons from this review for the future care and support of Autistic adults, all of which must be underpinned by participatory research methods, that is, where Autistic community members are actively involved in setting research questions, testing the acceptability of the methods and interpreting and disseminating the results.
A taxonomy of European innovation clubs
Authors: Wirkierman Ariel L. , Ciarli Tommaso , Savona Maria
Published: January 2023

The paper provides a novel, empirically grounded map of innovation ‘clubs’ in the EU, based on a unique analysis of micro-aggregated, country-level data. Using exploratory factor analysis we articulate innovation variables in a taxonomy of four ‘latent’ innovation theories: Network-Innovation-System, Kaldorian, New-Growth-Theory, and Schumpeterian. We then characterise clusters of countries (‘clubs’), based on their performance against this taxonomy, and design a new map of EU innovation clubs. We identify an articulated map of EU innovation hierarchy beyond the rather well-known ‘core-periphery’ structure, and interpret how some of the peripheries are functional to the ‘consolidated core’ of innovative countries, raising an issue of long-term sustainability of such hierarchies. We also find that even the most innovative clusters show concerning weaknesses. The strongest cluster in terms of its innovation system does not seem to exploit its full potential and lags behind with respect to radical product innovations. Instead, the leading cluster in terms of radical product innovations is strongly dependent on external innovative activity, is focused on scale-intensive sectors, and has a fairly weak innovation system. The periphery of small countries that show a healthy network structure, do so because they mainly include supplier-dominated firms, reliant on innovation inputs from the core. We offer some reflections on innovation policy within a broader view of EU cohesion.
A social-status rationale for repugnant market transactions
Authors: Harless Patrick , Pancs Romans
Published: January 2023

Individuals often deem market transactions in sex, human organs and surrogacy, among others, repugnant. Repugnance norms can be explained by appealing to social-status concerns. We study an exchange economy in which agents abhor consumption dominance: one’s social status is compromised if one consumes less of every good than someone else does. Dominance may be forestalled by partitioning goods into submarkets and then invoking the repugnance norms that proscribe trade across these submarkets. Dominance may also be forestalled if individuals strategically ‘overconsume’ some goods, interpreted as emergent status goods. When equilibria are multiple, there is scope for welfare-enhancing policies that coordinate on status goods.
The development of Hebrew zero and pronominal subject realization in the context of first and second person
Authors: DATTNER Elitzur , RAVID Dorit
Published: January 2023

The study investigates the acquisition of Hebrew zero and pronominal subjects in the context of first and second person. We provide distributional evidence relative to verb tense, number, person, and conversational utterance type, in a peer-talk corpus (2;0-8;0 years). Findings show that acquisition starts early on, that verb inflectional morphology is crucial for the development of pronominal subjects, and that communicative contexts affect subject realization. Zero and pronominal subjects are not evenly distributed relative to the study variables, and cannot be treated as an alternation. A cluster analysis shows that each realization is linked to a distinguishable usage pattern, corresponding with particular discursive and communicative functions. These are defined as three Discourse Profile Constructions: (A) “calling for action” by 1st.Pl.Fut zero subjects (3;0 year olds); (B) “commenting on the interlocutor’s actions” by 2nd.Sg.Past zero subjects (ages 4;0-6;0); and (C) “planning one’s own actions” by 1st.Sg.Fut pronominal subjects (7;0-8;0 year olds).
Measurement Invariance of the Resistance to Peer Influence Scale Across Culture and Gender
Authors: Xiao Bowen , Xie Xiaolong , Chen Wanfen , Law Danielle , Onditi Hezron , Liu Junsheng , Shapka Jennifer
Published: January 2023

Abstract: The current study aimed to test for measurement invariance of the Resistance to Peer Influence scale across samples of Chinese, Canadian, and Tanzanian. Participants included N = 3,771 students from four public schools in China ( N = 2,073, Mage = 16.36 years, SD = 1.14 years; 925 boys), from sixteen public schools in Canada ( N = 642, Mage = 12.13 years, SD = 0.78 years; 321 boys), and from four public schools in Tanzanian ( N = 1,056, Mage = 15.87 years, SD = 2.02 years; 558 boys). Students provided self-reports of resistance to peer influence. The results from multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and the alignment optimization method demonstrated that configural, metric, and partial scalar invariances of resistance to peer influence held across gender and all three countries. Chinese boys had the highest factor mean levels and Canadian boys had the lowest. The findings help us understand peer influence resistance across cultures and genders.
Fingerprinting Kinetic Isotope Effects and Diagenetic Exchange Reactions Using Fluid Inclusion and Dual‐Clumped Isotope Analysis
Authors: Staudigel P. , Davies A. J. , Bernecker M. , Tagliavento M. , van der Lubbe H. J. L. , Nooitgedacht C. , Looser N. , Bernasconi S. M. , Vonhof H. , Price G. , Fiebig J.
Published: January 2023

Geochemical analyses of carbonate minerals yield multiple parameters which can be used to estimate the temperature and water composition at which they formed. Analysis of fluid trapped in minerals is a potentially powerful tool to reconstruct paleotemperatures as well as diagenetic and hydrothermal processes, as these could represent the parent fluid. Internal fluids play important roles during the alteration of carbonate fossils, lowering energetic barriers associated with resetting of clumped isotopes, as well as mediating the transport of elements during diagenesis. Here, we explore the behavior of the ∆47–∆48 “dual‐clumped” isotope thermometer during fluid‐carbonate interaction and demonstrate that it is highly sensitive to the water/carbonate ratio, behaving as a linear system in “rock buffered” alteration, and as a decoupled system in water‐dominated systems due to non‐linear mixing effects in ∆48. Dry heating experiments show that the extrapolated “heated” end‐member is indistinguishable from the predicted ∆47 and ∆48 value expected for the experimental temperature. Furthermore, we evaluate two common laboratory sampling methods for their ability to thermally alter samples. We find that the temperature of the commonly used crushing cells used to vapourize water for fluid inclusion δ18O analyses is insufficient to cause fluid‐carbonate oxygen isotope exchange, demonstrating its suitability for analyses of fluid inclusions in carbonates. We also find that belemnites sampled with a hand‐drill yield significantly warmer paleotemperatures than those sampled with mortar and pestle. We conclude that thermally‐driven internal fluid‐carbonate exchange occurs indistinguishably from isotopic equilibrium, limited by the extent to which internal water and carbonate can react.
Modeling the Expansion Speed of Foreshock Bubbles
Authors: Liu Terry Z. , Vu Andrew , Zhang Hui , An Xin , Angelopoulos Vassilis
Published: January 2023

Foreshock transients, including hot flow anomalies (HFAs) and foreshock bubbles (FBs), are frequently observed in the ion foreshock. Their significant dynamic pressure perturbations can disturb the bow shock, resulting in disturbances in the magnetosphere and ionosphere. They can also contribute to particle acceleration at their parent bow shock. These disturbances and particle acceleration caused by the foreshock transients are not yet predictable, however. In this study, we take the first step in establishing a first‐order predictive expansion speed model for FBs (which are simpler than HFAs). Starting with energy conversion from foreshock ions to solar wind ions, we derive the FB expansion speed in the FB's early formation stage and late expansion stage as a function of foreshock and solar wind parameters. We use local hybrid simulations with varying parameters to fit and improve the early stage model and 1D particle‐in‐cell simulations to test the late‐stage model. By comparing model results with Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) observations, we adjust the late‐stage model and show that it can predict the FB expansion speed. Our study provides a foundation for predictive models of foreshock transient formation and expansion, so that we can eventually forecast their space weather effects and particle acceleration at shocks.
Formation of Ultra‐Depleted Mantle Peridotites and Their Relationship With Boninitic Melts: An Example From the Kamuikotan Unit, Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Nishio I. , Morishita T. , Tamura A. , Itano K. , Takamizawa S. , Ichiyama Y. , Arai S. , Barrett N. , Szilas K.
Published: January 2023

The extent of partial melting of peridotites is a function of temperature, pressure, and fluid supply. Understanding the petrogenesis of ultra‐depleted peridotites is important for elucidating mantle potential temperature and the role of water in the mantle. We analyzed the major and trace element compositions of ultra‐depleted peridotites from the Kamuikotan zone, Japan. Geochemical models were then generated to constrain the melting conditions and their relation to boninitic melts. The peridotites are characterized by minerals with high Mg/Fe and Cr/Al ratios, and olivine and orthopyroxene with low Ti and Y contents. The mineral compositions suggest that these peridotites are among the most depleted peridotites on Earth. Orthopyroxene compositions characterized by Zr and Sr enrichments relative to Ti and Y depletion cannot be solely explained by melt extraction from typical mantle compositions. Modeling of influx melting reproduces orthopyroxene trace element compositions of ultra‐depleted harzburgites formed after high degrees (>30%) of slab‐fluid influx melting at a low influx rate and melt fraction. The instantaneous fractional melts equilibrated with residues produced by the melting model and the melts, which equilibrated with amphiboles have similar trace elements patterns as boninites. However, the instantaneous fractional melts have low trace element abundances indicating that ultra‐depleted harzburgites are residues after extraction of refractory melts. Boninites are probably accumulated melts formed during the melting processes, or fractionated melt from the instantaneous fractional melts. High temperatures (>1350°C) and continuous fluid supply are key to the formation of ultra‐depleted peridotites and boninites during subduction initiation.
Interplay Between Friction and Cohesion: A Spectrum of Retrogressive Slope Failure
Authors: Wang Bin , Wang Di , Hicks Michael A. , Feng Xia‐Ting
Published: January 2023

Retrogressive failures occur in slopes consisting of sensitive materials such as snow or quick clay. They can be triggered by a small disturbance at the slope toe, but can cause propagated failure spreading miles away. Understanding the physical mechanism and predicting the retrogressive failure process are particularly important. Previous studies have discussed the failure criteria, the soil properties or the method of numerical modeling of retrogressive slope failure. However, little attention has been paid to the microscopic failure mechanism, especially relating to various possible failure patterns. In this study, multiscale modeling is incorporated to study the physical mechanism of different retrogressive failure patterns, including earth flow, flowslide and spread failure, within a unified framework. Utilizing multiscale analysis, we found that earth flow failure is related to the shear failure of granular materials. In contrast, the development of macroscopic shear bands is accompanied by tensile failure. As shear and tension failures are typical failure mechanisms of frictional and cohesive materials, it is deduced that friction and cohesion effects play key roles in different retrogressive failure patterns. Therefore, the distributions of attractive and repulsive contact forces are explored and a novel parameter η is proposed to quantify the interplay between friction and cohesion. Further analysis proves that η can capture the effect of friction and cohesion and distinguish different retrogressive failure patterns. Finally, a spectrum of retrogressive failures for a granular slope is established, in which the failure mechanism is explained by the changeable dominant effect, that is, frictional or cohesive in soil.
Genesis of the Gulf Stream Subseasonal Variability in the Florida Straits
Authors: Pujiana Kandaga , Volkov Denis L. , Dong Shenfu , Goni Gustavo , Baringer Molly , Smith Ryan H. , Garcia Rigoberto
Published: January 2023

The properties and generation mechanisms of the Florida Current on the subseasonal timescale (20–100 days) are evaluated from in‐situ and satellite observations. The Florida Current volume transport estimates from submarine cable measurements reveal that subseasonal variability accounts for 37% of the total transport variance and is most variable from September to November. Here we show that coastal‐trapped waves are the primary driver of the subseasonal variability in the Florida Current transport. The role of local winds and open ocean signals is of secondary importance. The alongshore wind component of the anomalous North Atlantic subtropical anticyclone generates the subseasonal coastal‐trapped waves off the northern South Atlantic Bight coast. The subseasonal coastal‐trapped waves propagate from Cape May to Apalachicola, behaving as Kelvin waves in the Florida Straits and as continental shelf waves along the rest of the waveguide. They affect the Florida Current transport by up to 2.6 Sv, on average. As the subseasonal waves propagate into the Gulf of Mexico, their energy substantially dissipates. The wave amplitude at Port Canaveral of up to 15 cm is three times higher than at Apalachicola. Concurrent subseasonal changes of the meridional overturning circulation in the subtropical North Atlantic are discussed.
Fast Ice Thickness Distribution in the Western Ross Sea in Late Spring
Authors: Langhorne P. J. , Haas C. , Price D. , Rack W. , Leonard G. H. , Brett G. M. , Urbini S.
Published: January 2023

We present a 700 km airborne electromagnetic survey of late‐spring fast ice and sub‐ice platelet layer (SIPL) thickness distributions from McMurdo Sound to Cape Adare, providing a first‐time inventory of fast ice thickness close to its annual maximum. The overall mode of the consolidated ice (including snow) thickness was 1.9 m, less than its mean of 2.6 ± 1.0 m. Our survey was partitioned into level and rough ice, and SIPL thickness was estimated under level ice. Although level ice, with a mode of 2.0 m and mean of 2.0 ± 0.6 m, was prevalent, rough ice occupied 41% of the transect by length, 50% by volume, and had a mode of 3.3 m and mean of 3.2 ± 1.2 m. The thickest 10% of rough ice was almost 6 m on average, inclusive of a 2 km segment thicker than 8 m in Moubray Bay. The thickest ice occurred predominantly along the northwestern Ross Sea, due to compaction against the coast. The adjacent pack ice was thinner (by ∼1 m) than the first‐year fast ice. In Silverfish Bay, offshore Hells Gate Ice Shelf, New Harbor, and Granite Harbor, the SIPL transect volume was a significant fraction (0.30) of the consolidated ice volume. The thickest 10% of SIPLs averaged nearly 3 m thick, and near Hells Gate Ice Shelf the SIPL was almost 10 m thick, implying vigorous heat loss to the ocean (∼90 W m−2). We conclude that polynya‐induced ice deformation and interaction with continental ice influence fast ice thickness in the western Ross Sea.
Variation in Leaf Reflectance Spectra Across the California Flora Partitioned by Evolutionary History, Geographic Origin, and Deep Time
Authors: Griffith Daniel M. , Byrd Kristin B. , Taylor Niky , Allan Elijah , Bittner Liz , O'Brien Bart , Parker V. Thomas , Vasey Michael C. , Pavlick Ryan , Nemani Ramakrishna R.
Published: January 2023

Evolutionary relatedness underlies patterns of functional diversity in the natural world. Hyperspectral remote sensing has the potential to detect these patterns in plants through inherited patterns of leaf reflectance spectra. We collected leaf reflectance data across the California flora from plants grown in a common garden. Regions of the reflectance spectra vary in the depth and strength of phylogenetic signal. We also show that these differences are much greater than variation due to the geographic origin of the plant. At the phylogenetic extent of the California flora, spectral variation explained by the combination of ecotypic variation (divergent evolution) and convergent evolution of disparate lineages was minimal (3%–7%) but statistically significant. Interestingly, at the extent of a single genus (Arctostaphylos) no unique variation could be attributed to geographic origin. However, up to 18% of the spectral variation among Arctostaphylos individuals was shared between phylogeny and intraspecific variation stemming from ecotypic differences (i.e., geographic origin). Future studies could conduct more structured experiments (e.g., transplants or observations along environmental gradients) to disentangle these sources of variation and include other intraspecific variation (e.g., plasticity). We constrain broad‐scale spectral variability due to ecotypic sources, providing further support for the idea that phylogenetic clusters of species might be detectable through remote sensing. Phylogenetic clusters could represent a valuable dimension of biodiversity monitoring and detection.
Th17.1 cell driven sarcoidosis-like inflammation after anti-BCMA CAR T cells in multiple myeloma
Authors: Leipold Alexander M. , Werner Rudolf A. , Düll Johannes , Jung Pius , John Mara , Stanojkovska Emilia , Zhou Xiang , Hornburger Hannah , Ruckdeschel Anna , Dietrich Oliver , Imdahl Fabian , Krammer Tobias , Knop Stefan , Rosenwald Andreas , Buck Andreas , Sander Leif Erik , Einsele Hermann , Kortüm K. Martin , Saliba Antoine-Emmanuel , Rasche Leo
Published: January 2023

Pseudo-progression and flare-up phenomena constitute a novel diagnostic challenge in the follow-up of patients treated with immune-oncology drugs. We present a case study on pulmonary flare-up after Idecabtagen Vicleucel (Ide-cel), a BCMA targeting CAR T-cell therapy, and used single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to identify a Th17.1 driven autoimmune mechanism as the biological underpinning of this phenomenon. By integrating datasets of various lung pathological conditions, we revealed transcriptomic similarities between post CAR T pulmonary lesions and sarcoidosis. Furthermore, we explored a noninvasive PET based diagnostic approach and showed that tracers binding to CXCR4 complement FDG PET imaging in this setting, allowing discrimination between immune-mediated changes and true relapse after CAR T-cell treatment. In conclusion, our study highlights a Th17.1 driven autoimmune phenomenon after CAR T, which may be misinterpreted as disease relapse, and that imaging with multiple PET tracers and scRNA-seq could help in this diagnostic dilemma.
Peripheral inflammatory immune response differs among sporadic and familial Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Muñoz-Delgado Laura , Macías-García Daniel , Periñán María Teresa , Jesús Silvia , Adarmes-Gómez Astrid D. , Bonilla Toribio Marta , Buiza Rueda Dolores , Jiménez-Jaraba María del Valle , Benítez Zamora Belén , Díaz Belloso Rafael , García-Díaz Sergio , Martín-Bórnez Miguel , Pineda Sánchez Rocío , Carrillo Fátima , Gómez-Garre Pilar , Mir Pablo
Published: January 2023

Peripheral inflammatory immune responses are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a biomarker of systemic inflammation, has been reported to be higher in patients with PD than in healthy controls (HCs). The present study was aimed at determining if the peripheral inflammatory immune response could be influenced by the genetic background of patients with PD. We included a discovery cohort with 222 patients with PD (132 sporadic PD, 44LRRK2-associated PD (with p.G2019S and p.R1441G variants), and 46GBA-associated PD), as well as 299 HCs. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Leukocytes and their subpopulations, and the NLR were measured in peripheral blood. Multivariate lineal regression and post-hoc tests were applied to determine the differences among the groups. Subsequently, a replication study using the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative cohort was performed which included 401 patients with PD (281 sPD patients, 66LRRK2-PD patients, 54GBA-PD patients) and a group of 174 HCs. Patients with sporadic PD andGBA-associated PD showed a significantly lower lymphocyte count, a non-significantly higher neutrophil count and a significantly higher NLR than HCs. The peripheral inflammatory immune response of patients withLRRK2-associated PD did not differ from HCs. Our study supports the involvement of a peripheral inflammatory immune response in the pathophysiology of sPD andGBA-associated PD. However, this inflammatory response was not found inLRRK2-associated PD, probably reflecting different pathogenic inflammatory mechanisms.
A TLR7-nanoparticle adjuvant promotes a broad immune response against heterologous strains of influenza and SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Yin Qian , Luo Wei , Mallajosyula Vamsee , Bo Yang , Guo Jing , Xie Jinghang , Sun Meng , Verma Rohit , Li Chunfeng , Constantz Christian M. , Wagar Lisa E. , Li Jing , Sola Elsa , Gupta Neha , Wang Chunlin , Kask Oliver , Chen Xin , Yuan Xue , Wu Nicholas C. , Rao Jianghong , Chien Yueh-hsiu , Cheng Jianjun , Pulendran Bali , Davis Mark M.
Published: January 2023

The ideal vaccine against viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2 must provide a robust, durable and broad immune protection against multiple viral variants. However, antibody responses to current vaccines often lack robust cross-reactivity. Here we describe a polymeric Toll-like receptor 7 agonist nanoparticle (TLR7-NP) adjuvant, which enhances lymph node targeting, and leads to persistent activation of immune cells and broad immune responses. When mixed with alum-adsorbed antigens, this TLR7-NP adjuvant elicits cross-reactive antibodies for both dominant and subdominant epitopes and antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in mice. This TLR7-NP-adjuvanted influenza subunit vaccine successfully protects mice against viral challenge of a different strain. This strategy also enhances the antibody response to a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine against multiple viral variants that have emerged. Moreover, this TLR7-NP augments antigen-specific responses in human tonsil organoids. Overall, we describe a nanoparticle adjuvant to improve immune responses to viral antigens, with promising implications for developing broadly protective vaccines.
Odor discrimination is immune to the effects of verbal labels
Authors: Cormiea Sarah , Fischer Jason
Published: January 2023

For many odors that we encounter in daily life, we perceive their qualities without being able to specifically identify their sources—an experience termed the “tip-of-the-nose” phenomenon. Does learning an odor’s identity alter our experience of it? Past work has shown that labeling odors can alter how we describe and react to them, but it remains an open question whether such changes extend to the level of perception, making an odor actually smell different. Here, in a set of odor classification experiments we tested whether attaching labels to odors can alter their perceptual discriminability. We found that even for odors whose reported similarity changed markedly when their identities were revealed, their discriminability remained unchanged by labels. Our findings indicate that two critical functions of olfaction—parsing the odor environment and supporting the subjective experience of odor qualities—access distinct odor representations within the olfactory processing stream.
Human salivary concentrations of brain derived neurotrophic factor correlates with subjective pain intensity associated with initial orthodontic therapy
Authors: Bhat Sagar S. , Revankar Ameet Vaman , Naik Roopak D.
Published: January 2023

Current study aimed to evaluate presence & concentration of salivary molecular pain biomarkers Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) during initial stages of orthodontic treatment and correlation with subjective pain scales, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). Consented, healthy-pain free patients (n = 40) undergoing orthodontic therapy, having moderate crowding with pre-molar extraction were recruited. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected and stored at -80 °C in cryotubes. Levels of CGRP & BDNF in salivary samples was assessed by enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay. Samples were collected under stipulated 5 time periods using saliva collection tube by passive drooling method: immediately after bonding but before wire placement (T0-baseline), after 24 h (T1), 48 h (T2), 72 h (T3) & 168 h (T4) after wire placement. Consolidated subjective pain scales were administered concurrently. Regression value (R2 > 0.9) confirmed BDNF & CGRP in saliva. Significant change was observed from baseline to 168 h in all subjective parameters (p < 0.05). CGRP did not correlate with subjective pain scales statistically (p > 0.05). BDNF levels correlated with all the subjective pain scales, NRS (T3-p = 0.0092&T4-p = 0.0064), VRS (T3-p = 0.0112&T4-p = 0.0500), VAS (T3-p = 0.0092 &T4-p = 0.0064) &MPQ (T1-p = 0.0255). Mean BDNF & median subjective pain scale graphs were similar. BDNF correlated with all the subjective pain scales warranting further investigation.

Trial registration; Clinical Trial Registry—India (CTRI) Reg No: CTRI/2018/12/016571; Registered 10th December, 2018 (10/12/2018) prospectively; http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=29640&EncHid=&userName=Dr%20Sagar%20S%20Bhat.
A systematic survey of RUM process parameter optimization and their influence on part characteristics of nickel 718
Authors: Popli Dipesh , Batra Usha , Msomi Velaphi , Verma Shubham
Published: January 2023

This research is focused on the drilling of Nickel based super alloy with diamond metal core drill and identified the significant parameters of rotary ultrasonic machining that optimise the machining rate (MR) and surface quality. Four general parameters: workpiece material, workpiece thickness, tool material, and tool size; and four RUM parameters: tool rotational, feed rate, ultrasonic power rating, and abrasive grit size of the tool were tested against and surface quality of the cut. The results indicated that the maximum value of MR of 0.8931mm3/sec is acquired at higher level of tool rotation, feed rate, ultrasonic power and moderate level of abrasive grit size of diamond. The minimum surface roughness (Ra) 0.554 µm is observed at higher level of rotational rotation, Moderate value of feed rate, ultrasonic power and diamond abrasive grit size. In addition, for single-objective and multi-objective functions, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach is used to find the optimum values for process parameters. Furthermore, a scanning electron microscope is also utilized to check the machined surface after RUM. It is concluded that microcracks are observed on the machined surface.
Federated learning with hyper-network—a case study on whole slide image analysis
Authors: Lin Yanfei , Wang Haiyi , Li Weichen , Shen Jun
Published: January 2023

Federated learning(FL) is a new kind of Artificial Intelligence(AI) aimed at data privacy preservation that builds on decentralizing the training data for the deep learning model. This new technique of data security and privacy sheds light on many critical domains with highly sensitive data, including medical image analysis. Developing a strong, scalable, and precise deep learning model has proven to count on a variety of high-quality data from different centers. However, data holders may not willing to share their data considering the restriction of privacy. In this paper, we approach this challenge with a federated learning paradigm. Specifically, we present a case study on the whole slide image classification problem. At each local client center, a multiple-instance learning classifier is developed to conduct whole slide image classification. We introduce a privacy-preserving federated learning framework based on hyper-network to update the global model. Hyper-network is deployed at the global center that produces the weights of the local network conditioned on its input. In this way, hyper-networks can simultaneously learn a family of the local client networks. Instead of communicating raw data with the local client, only model parameters injected with noise are transferred between the local client and the global model. By using a large scale of whole slide images with only slide-level labels, we mensurated our way on two different whole slide image classification problems. The results demonstrate that our proposed federated learning model based on hyper-network can effectively leverage multi-center data to develop a more accurate model which can be used to classify a whole slide image. Its improvements in terms of over the isolated local centers and the commonly used federated averaging baseline are significant. Code will be available.
Atmospheric Chemistry
Authors: Holloway Ann M , Wayne Richard P
Published: January 2023

Atmospheric Chemistry provides readers with a basic knowledge of the chemistry of Earth's atmosphere, and an understanding of the role that chemical transformations play in this vital part of our environment. The composition of the 'natural' atmosphere (troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere) is described in terms of the physical and chemical cycles that govern the behaviour of the major and the many minor species present, and of the atmospheric lifetimes of those species. An extension of these ideas leads to a discussion of the impacts of Man's activities on the atmosphere, and to an understanding of some of the most important environmental issues of our time. One thread of the book explains how living organisms alter the composition and pressures in the atmosphere, modify temperatures, and change the intensity and wavelength-distribution of light arriving from the Sun. Meanwhile, the living organisms on Earth have depended on these very same environmental conditions being satisfactory for the maintenance and evolution of life. There thus appear to be two-way interactions between life and the atmosphere. Man, just one species of living organism, has developed an unfortunate ability to interfere with the feedbacks that seem to have maintained the atmosphere to be supportive of surface life for more than 3.5 billion years. This book will help chemists to understand the background to the problems that arise from such interference. The structure of the book and the development of the subject deviate somewhat from those usually encountered. Important and recurring concepts are presented in outline first, before more detailed discussions of the atmospheric behaviour of specific chemical species. Examples of such themes are the sources and sinks of trace gases, and their budgets and lifetimes. That is, the emphasis is initially on the principles of the subject, with the finer points emerging at later points in the book, sometimes in several successive chapters. In this way, some of the core material gets repeated exposure, but in new ways and in new contexts. The book is written at a level that makes it accessible to undergraduate chemists, and in a manner that should make it interesting to them. However, the material presented forms a solid base for those who are extending their studies to a higher level, and it will also provide non-specialists with the background to an understanding of Man's several and varied threats to the atmosphere. Well-informed citizens can then better assess measures proposed to prevent or alleviate the potential damage, and policy makers more realistically formulate the necessary controls on a sound scientific foundation.
Cucurbituril-protected dual-readout gold nanoclusters for sensitive fentanyl detection
Authors: Yan Kun , Wang Lancheng , Zhu Zhihang , Duan Shiqi , Hua Zhendong , Xu Peng , Xu Hui , Hu Chi , Wang Youmei , Di Bin
Published: January 2023

A visual and fluorescence dual-readout sensor for sensitive fentanyl assay based on the reversible and controllable supramolecular host-guest complexation to control gold nanocluster assembly.