bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of lung cancer cell lines representing four histopathological subtypes with gene expression profiling using quantitative real-time PCR
Authors: Watanabe Takashi , Miura Tomohiro , Degawa Yusuke , Fujita Yuna , Inoue Masaaki , Kawaguchi Makoto , Furihata Chie
Published: January 2010

Background

Lung cancers are the most common type of human malignancy and are intractable. Lung cancers are generally classified into four histopathological subtypes: adenocarcinoma (AD), squamous cell carcinoma (SQ), large cell carcinoma (LC), and small cell carcinoma (SC). Molecular biological characterization of these subtypes has been performed mainly using DNA microarrays. In this study, we compared the gene expression profiles of these four subtypes using twelve human lung cancer cell lines and the more reliable quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR).

Results

We selected 100 genes from public DNA microarray data and examined them by DNA microarray analysis in eight test cell lines (A549, ABC-1, EBC-1, LK-2, LU65, LU99, STC 1, RERF-LC-MA) and a normal control lung cell line (MRC-9). From this, we extracted 19 candidate genes. We quantified the expression of the 19 genes and a housekeeping gene, GAPDH, with qPCR, using the same eight cell lines plus four additional validation lung cancer cell lines (RERF-LC-MS, LC-1/sq, 86-2, and MS-1-L). Finally, we characterized the four subtypes of lung cancer cell lines using principal component analysis (PCA) of gene expression profiling for 12 of the 19 genes (AMY2A, CDH1, FOXG1, IGSF3, ISL1, MALL, PLAU, RAB25, S100P, SLCO4A1, STMN1, and TGM2). The combined PCA and gene pathway analyses suggested that these genes were related to cell adhesion, growth, and invasion. S100P in AD cells and CDH1 in AD and SQ cells were identified as candidate markers of these lung cancer subtypes based on their upregulation and the results of PCA analysis. Immunohistochemistry for S100P and RAB25 was closely correlated to gene expression.

Conclusions

These results show that the four subtypes, represented by 12 lung cancer cell lines, were well characterized using qPCR and PCA for the 12 genes examined. Certain genes, in particular S100P and CDH1, may be especially important for distinguishing the different subtypes. Our results confirm that qPCR and PCA analysis provide a useful tool for characterizing cancer cell subtypes, and we discuss the possible clinical applications of this approach.
The anti-inflammatory effects of the tellurium redox modulating compound, AS101, are associated with regulation of NFκB signaling pathway and nitric oxide induction in macrophages
Authors: Brodsky Miri , Halpert Gilad , Albeck Michael , Sredni Benjamin
Published: January 2010

Background

LPS-activated macrophages produce mediators which are involved in inflammation and tissue injury, and especially those associated with endotoxic shock. The non toxic tellurium compound ammonium tri-chloro(dioxoethylene-O,O'-)tellurate, AS101, has been recently shown to exert profound anti-inflammatory properties in animal models, associated with its Te(IV) redox chemistry. This study explores the anti-inflammatory properties of AS101 with respect to modulation of inflammatory cytokines production and regulation of iNOS transcription and expression in activated macrophages via targeting the NFkB complex.

Results

AS101 decreased production of IL-6 and in parallel down-regulated LPS-induced iNOS expression and NO secretion by macrophages. AS101 reduced IkB phosphorylation and degradation, and reduced NFkB nuclear translocalization, albeit these effects were exerted at different kinetics. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that AS101 treatment attenuated p50-subunit ability to bind DNA at the NFkB consensus site in the iNOS promotor following LPS induction.

Conclusions

Besides AS101, the investigation of therapeutic activities of other tellurium(IV) compounds is scarce in the literature, although tellurium is the fourth most abundant trace element in the human body. Since IKK and NFkB may be regulated by thiol modifications, we may thus envisage, inview of our integrated results, that Te(IV) compounds, may have important roles in thiol redox biological activity in the human body and represent a new class of anti-inflammatory compounds.
Neutrophil elastase downmodulates native G-CSFR expression and granulocyte-macrophage colony formation
Authors: Piper Melissa G , Massullo Pam R , Loveland Megan , Druhan Lawrence J , Kindwall-Keller Tamila L , Ai Jing , Copelan Alexander , Avalos Belinda R
Published: January 2010

Background

The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) plays a critical role in maintaining homeostatic levels of circulating neutrophils (PMN). The mechanisms modulating G-CSFR surface expression to prevent chronic neutrophilia are poorly understood. Here, we report that neutrophil elastase (NE) proteolytically cleaves the G-CSFR on human PMN and blocks G-CSFR-mediated granulopoiesis in vitro.

Methods

Human peripheral blood PMN isolated from healthy donors were incubated with NE. Expression of the G-CSFR was analyzed by flow cytometry and western blot analyses. Detection of G-CSFR cleavage products from the culture supernatants was also performed. Human bone marrow mononuclear cells were also cultured in the presence or absence of NE to determine its effects on the proliferation of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units (CFU-GM).

Results

Treatment of PMN with NE induced a time-dependent decrease in G-CSFR expression that correlated with its degradation and the appearance of proteolytic cleavage fragments in conditioned media. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the G-CSFR was cleaved at its amino-terminus. Treatment of progenitor cells with NE prior to culture inhibited the growth of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that in addition to transcriptional controls and ligand-induced internalization, direct proteolytic cleavage of the G-CSFR by NE also downregulates G-CSFR expression and inhibits G-CSFR-mediated granulopoiesis in vitro. Our results suggest that NE negatively regulates granulopoiesis through a novel negative feedback loop.
A simple and rapid method for detection of Goose Parvovirus in the field by loop-mediated isothermal amplification
Authors: JinLong Yang , Rui Yang , AnChun Cheng , MingShu Wang , LiZhi Fu , SongQuan Yang , SuHui Zhang , Liu Yang , ZhiYong Xu
Published: January 2010

Background

Goose parvovirus (GPV) is a Dependovirus associated with latent infection and mortality in geese. Currently, in a worldwide scale, GPV severely affects geese production. The objective of this study is to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for the sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive detection of GPV in the field.

Results

A set of six specific primers was designed by targeting the GPV VP3 DNA. With Bst DNA polymerase large fragment, the target DNA could be amplified at 65°C as early as 20 min of incubation in a simple water bath. A positive reaction was identified through the detection of the LAMP product by color change visible to the naked eye. The detection limit of the assay was 28 copies/μl of plasmid pVP3, and with equal sensitivity and specificity to fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR (FQ-PCR).

Conclusions

The high sensitivity, specificity, and simplicity, as well as the high throughput, make this method suitable for specific detection of GPV infection in both field conditions and laboratory settings. The utilization of complicated equipment and conduct of technical training on the GPV LAMP were not necessary.
Impact of dietary protein on lipid metabolism-related gene expression in porcine adipose tissue
Authors: Zhao Sumei , Wang Jing , Song Xinlei , Zhang Xi , Ge Changrong , Gao Shizheng
Published: January 2010

Background

High dietary protein can reduce fat deposition in animal subcutaneous adipose tissue, but little is known about the mechanism.

Methods

Sixty Wujin pigs of about 15 kg weight were fed either high protein (HP: 18%) or low protein (LP: 14%) diets, and slaughtered at body weights of 30, 60 or 100 kg. Bloods were collected to measure serum parameters. Subcutaneous adipose tissues were sampled for determination of adipocyte size, protein content, lipid metabolism-related gene expression, and enzyme activities.

Results

HP significantly reduced adipocyte size, fat meat percentage and backfat thickness, but significantly increased daily gain, lean meat percentage and loin eye area at 60 and 100 kg. Serum free fatty acid and triglyceride concentrations in the HP group were significantly higher than in the LP group. Serum glucose and insulin concentrations were not significantly affected by dietary protein at any body weight. HP significantly reduced gene expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) at 60 kg and 100 kg; however, the mRNA level and enzyme activity of FAS were increased at 30 kg. HP promoted gene and protein expression and enzyme activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), carmitine palmtoyltransferase-1B (CPT-1B), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and adipocyte-fatty acid binding proteins (A-FABP) at 60 kg, but reduced their expression at 100 kg.

Gene expression and enzyme activity of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) was reduced markedly at 60 kg but increased at 100 kg by the high dietary protein. Levels of mRNA, enzyme activities and protein expression of ACC, FAS, SREBP-1c and PPARγ in both LP and HP groups increased with increasing body weight. However, gene and protein expression levels/enzyme activities of LPL, CPT-1B, A-FABP and HSL in both groups were higher at 60 kg than at 30 and 100 kg.

Conclusion

Fat deposition in Wujin pigs fed high dietary protein for 25 weeks was reduced mainly by depression of lipogenic gene expression. The mechanism of lipid transport, lipolysis and oxidation in adipose tissue regulated by dietary protein appeared to be different at 60 kg and 100 kg body weights.
Systematic analysis, comparison, and integration of disease based human genetic association data and mouse genetic phenotypic information
Authors: Zhang Yonqing , De Supriyo , Garner John R , Smith Kirstin , Wang S Alex , Becker Kevin G
Published: January 2010

Background

The genetic contributions to human common disorders and mouse genetic models of disease are complex and often overlapping. In common human diseases, unlike classical Mendelian disorders, genetic factors generally have small effect sizes, are multifactorial, and are highly pleiotropic. Likewise, mouse genetic models of disease often have pleiotropic and overlapping phenotypes. Moreover, phenotypic descriptions in the literature in both human and mouse are often poorly characterized and difficult to compare directly.

Methods

In this report, human genetic association results from the literature are summarized with regard to replication, disease phenotype, and gene specific results; and organized in the context of a systematic disease ontology. Similarly summarized mouse genetic disease models are organized within the Mammalian Phenotype ontology. Human and mouse disease and phenotype based gene sets are identified. These disease gene sets are then compared individually and in large groups through dendrogram analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis.

Results

Human disease and mouse phenotype gene sets are shown to group into disease and phenotypically relevant groups at both a coarse and fine level based on gene sharing.

Conclusion

This analysis provides a systematic and global perspective on the genetics of common human disease as compared to itself and in the context of mouse genetic models of disease.
DREAM (Downstream Regulatory Element Antagonist Modulator) contributes to synaptic depression and contextual fear memory
Authors: Wu Long-Jun , Mellström Britt , Wang Hansen , Ren Ming , Domingo Sofia , Kim Susan S , Li Xiang-Yao , Chen Tao , Naranjo Jose R , Zhuo Min
Published: January 2010

The downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM), a multifunctional Ca2+-binding protein, binds specifically to DNA and several nucleoproteins regulating gene expression and with proteins outside the nucleus to regulate membrane excitability or calcium homeostasis. DREAM is highly expressed in the central nervous system including the hippocampus and cortex; however, the roles of DREAM in hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity have not been investigated. Taking advantage of transgenic mice overexpressing a Ca2+-insensitive DREAM mutant (TgDREAM), we used integrative methods including electrophysiology, biochemistry, immunostaining, and behavior tests to study the function of DREAM in synaptic transmission, long-term plasticity and fear memory in hippocampal CA1 region. We found that NMDA receptor but not AMPA receptor-mediated current was decreased in TgDREAM mice. Moreover, synaptic plasticity, such as long-term depression (LTD) but not long-term potentiation (LTP), was impaired in TgDREAM mice. Biochemical experiments found that DREAM interacts with PSD-95 and may inhibit NMDA receptor function through this interaction. Contextual fear memory was significantly impaired in TgDREAM mice. By contrast, sensory responses to noxious stimuli were not affected. Our results demonstrate that DREAM plays a novel role in postsynaptic modulation of the NMDA receptor, and contributes to synaptic plasticity and behavioral memory.
Quality of life in the five years after intensive care: a cohort study
Authors: Cuthbertson Brian H , Roughton Siân , Jenkinson David , MacLennan Graeme , Vale Luke
Published: January 2010

Introduction

Data on quality of life beyond 2 years after intensive care discharge are limited and we aimed to explore this area further. Our objective was to quantify quality of life and health utilities in the 5 years after intensive care discharge.

Methods

A prospective longitudinal cohort study in a University Hospital in the UK. Quality of life was assessed from the period before ICU admission until 5 years and quality adjusted life years calculated.

Results

300 level 3 intensive care patients of median age 60.5 years and median length of stay 6.7 days, were recruited. Physical quality of life fell to 3 months (P = 0.003), rose back to pre-morbid levels at 12 months then fell again from 2.5 to 5 years after intensive care (P = 0.002). Mean physical scores were below the population norm at all time points but the mean mental scores after 6 months were similar to those population norms. The utility value measured using the EuroQOL-5D quality of life assessment tool (EQ-5D) at 5 years was 0.677. During the five years after intensive care unit, the cumulative quality adjusted life years were significantly lower than that expected for the general population (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Intensive care unit admission is associated with a high mortality, a poor physical quality of life and a low quality adjusted life years gained compared to the general population for 5 years after discharge. In this group, critical illness associated with ICU admission should be treated as a life time diagnosis with associated excess mortality, morbidity and the requirement for ongoing health care support.
Pivotal Advance: Interconversion between pure chemotactic ligands and chemoattractant/secretagogue ligands of neutrophil C5a receptor by a single amino acid substitution
Authors: Jia Nan , Semba Umeko , Nishiura Hiroshi , Kuniyasu Akihiko , Nsiama Tienabe K , Nishino Norikazu , Yamamoto Tetsuro
Published: January 2010

The C5a receptor can induce plain chemotaxis or chemotaxis with secretion in neutrophils depending upon a single amino acid residue difference of its ligand.

Skp derived from Escherichia coli attracts leukocytes as a pure chemotactic ligand of the C5a receptor [1]. We identified the submolecular region of Skp that binds and activates the C5a receptor to be -Gln103-Asp104-Arg105- using synthetic peptide fragments and site-directed mutants of Skp. As the C5a amino acid residue equivalent to Gln103 of Skp is Leu72, we prepared a Gln103Leu-Skp mutant as a recombinant protein. With this mutation, Skp gained secretagogue functions including induction of the respiratory burst and granule release reactions and leukotriene generation, in addition to the chemoattraction displayed by C5a. However, when we substituted Leu72 with Gln in C5a, the L72Q-C5a mutant largely lost its secretagogue function. These functional conversions were reproduced using synthetic peptides mimicking the receptor-binding/-activating regions of the recombinant proteins. Receptor-binding assays using the mimicking peptides demonstrated only a small difference between the Leu72-C5a and Gln72-C5a peptides. Consistently, L72Q-C5a apparently antagonized C5a secretagogue function. These results indicate that the difference between a chemotactic response and a combined chemotactic/secretory response can be attributed not to the nature of the receptor but to guidance by the ligand, at least in the case of C5a receptor-mediated leukocyte responses.
Design and manufacture of surface textures on gun cartridge cases to trap DNA material
Authors: Xu Y , Harrison D J , Hay G , Hopwood A J , Gashi B , Edwards M R , Courtney L , Sermon P A
Published: January 2010

US and Australian work has shown that the effectiveness of extracting deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from standard gun cartridges is low and so analysis costs are high ( www.cci.gov/Reference/LpDNACtg_files ). The presence of greater than 1 ng of trapped bio-material would increase the success rates of DNA profiling and facilitate cheaper DNA analysis. The aim of this work is to increase the amount of recoverable DNA from a gun user deposited on fired cartridges, using microtextured surfaces as DNA receptors. Success would increase the probability of identifying perpetrators of gun crime through DNA matching.

Various textures have been applied to flat surfaces of cartridge case material and the effects of those surface textures on trapping skin materials have been evaluated. In addition to treated/patterned surfaces, standard emery abrasive paper was adopted as a control medium. From the different surfaces tested, the emery abrasive paper was found to be most effective at trapping skin debris. Rough surfaces with pyramid textures, which are similar to features on emery paper, were subsequently manufactured on cartridge rims by a standard knurling process. Scratch tests were carried out to simulate the process of handling and loading these cartridges during the use of firearms. DNA test results of the knurled cartridges after firing, showed a high success rate of DNA profiling and high matching percentage to the donor's DNA profile.
Machinability evaluation in hard turning of AISI 4340 steel with different cutting tools using statistical techniques
Authors: Çydaş U
Published: January 2010

This paper is concerned with the continuous turning of AISI 4340 steels with hardness values in the range between 360 and 460 HV using cubic boron nitride, ceramic, and P10 grade carbide tools. The objective of this paper is to study the performance of these cutting tools and the effect of workpiece hardness on machinability responses. The samples were oil quenched and tempered at 250, 350, and 500 °C for 1 h in order to obtain different hardness values. Surface roughness, tool flank wear, maximum tool—chip interface temperature, and microhardness variations after machining are assessed. A Taguchi orthogonal array was used to guide the experiments. Cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, workpiece hardness, and tool types were varied in the experiments. A detailed statistical investigation was made by using analysis of variance, Tukey—Kramer comparison, and correlation tests. The best combination of cutting parameters for determining optimal conditions and the influence of each factor on the response were revealed and are discussed in detail.
High-velocity compaction and conventional compaction of metallic powders; comparison of process parameters and green compact properties
Authors: Doremus P , Guennec Y Le , Imbault D , Puente G
Published: January 2010

High-velocity compaction (HVC) has been used for some years now with commercially available high-energy hydraulic presses. Compact densification is achieved in less than 0.01 s, shorter than with a conventional process (about 1 s) but longer than with explosive compaction (0.001 s). Powders are compacted by means of an adjustable energy instead of force or displacement. This work presents a comparison between conventional compaction (CC) and HVC using an industrial hydraulic press (18 kJ) and a laboratory press (380 J). The velocity of the hammer producing the impact is therefore restricted to 10 m/s. Six powders were compacted using the HVC process and the conventional die compaction process. Differences and similarities are examined considering process characteristics (punch forces, ejection force, and tooling strength) and the characteristics of green compacts (densities, dimensions, and cohesion).
Couples at risk for HIV infection in Southern India: characteristics of HIV-infected patients in concordant and discordant heterosexual relationships
Authors: Kumarasamy N , Venkatesh K K , Srikrishnan A K , Prasad L , Balakrishnan P , Murugavel K G , Thamburaj E , Solomon S , Mayer K H
Published: January 2010

The aim of the article is to compare the clinical and behavioural characteristics of HIV-infected South Indian patients in concordant and discordant heterosexual relationships. A cross-sectional analysis of married couples in concordant and discordant relationships was carried out. Demographic and clinical characteristics, sexual behaviours, CD4 cell count and plasma HIV-1 RNA loads were assessed. A total of 839 concordant patients and 996 discordant patients were included in this analysis. Significantly more men were in discordant than concordant relationships (97% versus 59%; P = 0.002). More discordant patients had never initiated highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) than concordant patients (14.1% versus 8.5%; P = 0.004). Concordant patients had significantly higher CD4 cell counts than discordant patients at the time of enrolling to care (205 versus 139 cells/μL; P = 0.001). Discordant patients had significantly higher plasma viral loads than concordant patients (100,000 copies/mL versus 89,154 copies/mL; P = 0.002). Discordant patients were more likely to use condoms with their spouses than concordant patients (49% versus 28.8%; P = 0.01).

In conclusion, couples-based interventions and the provision of HAART could substantially decrease behavioural and clinical correlates of HIV transmission among discordant South Indian married couples. The spouses of HIV-infected index patients are at increased risk for HIV infection, and further preventive measures are needed.
Evaluation of a school-based HIV/AIDS peer-led prevention programme: the first intervention trial for children of migrant workers in China
Authors: Li S , Huang H , Cai Y , Ye X , Shen X , Shi R , Xu G
Published: January 2010

The effectiveness of a peer-led education intervention in HIV/AIDS prevention was assessed in the Chinese children of migrant workers. A prospective study was conducted in 12 junior high schools for migrant children. Among the intervention group, a peer-education-based HIV/AIDS prevention was implemented for three months. The results during the baseline survey indicated that the level of knowledge on HIV/AIDS was lower in children of migrant workers. After three months of peer-led intervention, compared with the control group, students in the intervention group positively increased their HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, modified their attitude and improved their protection self-efficacy. Compared with attitude, intervention was more effective in the improvement of knowledge and protection self-efficacy, especially knowledge. The findings suggest that peer-led education was an effective method in improving knowledge, attitude and protection self-efficacy in Chinese children of migrant workers. Heightened concerns targeting the group students were particularly necessary, given their lower level of related knowledge and vulnerability to HIV infection.
Differentiation of Chlamydia trachomatis lymphogranuloma venereum-related serovars from other serovars using multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction and high-resolution melting analysis
Authors: Cai L , Kong F , Toi C , van Hal S , Gilbert G L
Published: January 2010

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serovars L1, L2 and L3. Consequently, more specific and sensitive detection methods that are rapid and inexpensive are necessary to differentiate between C. trachomatis serovars. The purpose of this study was to identify and differentiate LGV-related C. trachomatis serovars from rectal swabs using high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) and multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (MAS-PCR). Fifteen clinical samples from patients in Sydney were first screened and confirmed as C. trachomatis by using the COBAS®AMPLICOR PCR analyser. The same samples were assayed for C. trachomatis and LGV by HRMA and MAS-PCR of the polymorphic membrane protein H ( pmpH) gene. Both methods indicated that two of 15 samples were serovar L2 and the remainder (13/15) other C. trachomatis serovars. Both HRMA and MAS-PCR are inexpensive, rapid, easy methods that are useful tools for the identification of LGV in clinical and research laboratories.
Premature ejaculation: treatment update
Authors: McCarty E J , Dinsmore W W
Published: January 2010

Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common male sexual problem worldwide affecting 22–38% of men. It has a significant morbidity both on patients and their partners, causing distress, anxiety and relationship difficulties. The mainstay of treatment is a combined approach using behavioural therapies and non-licensed medication such as topical anaesthetic preparations, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. In recent years, there has been a greater emphasis placed on researching novel treatments and exploring the on-demand use of current preparations. This review provides an overview of current accepted treatments and emerging agents for the use in PE.
Release of SF3 from the intron branchpoint activates the first step of pre-mRNA splicing
Authors: Lardelli Rea M. , Thompson James X. , Yates John R. , Stevens Scott W.
Published: January 2010

Eukaryotic pre-mRNA splicing is a complex process requiring the precise timing and action of >100 trans-acting factors. It has been known for some time that the two steps of splicing chemistry require three DEAH-box RNA helicase-like proteins; however, their mechanism of action at these steps has remained elusive. Spliceosomes arrested in vivo at the three helicase checkpoints were purified, and first step-arrested spliceosomes were functionally characterized. We show that the first step of splicing requires a novel ATP-independent conformational change. Prp2p then catalyzes an ATP-dependent rearrangement displacing the SF3a and SF3b complexes from the branchpoint within the spliceosome. We propose a model in which SF3 prevents premature nucleophilic attack of the chemically reactive hydroxyl of the branchpoint adenosine prior to the first transesterification. When the spliceosome attains the proper conformation and upon the function of Prp2p, SF3 is displaced from the branchpoint allowing first step chemistry to occur.
Monitoring of BK Viral Load in Renal Allograft Recipients by Real-Time PCR Assays
Authors: Bechert Charles J. , Schnadig Vicki J. , Payne Deborah A. , Dong Jianli
Published: January 2010

BK virus (BKV) is a nonenveloped, double-stranded DNA virus of the polyomavirus family that primarily affects immunocompromised people. BKV may cause nephropathy in renal transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy, resulting in renal dysfunction and, possibly, graft loss. Monitoring of BK viral load in urine and blood has been used as a surrogate marker of BKV nephropathy (BKVN). Although real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the method of choice, currently there is no US Food and Drug Administration–approved or standardized BK viral load assay. Different PCR assays vary significantly in sample types, DNA extraction method, PCR primers and probes, and reference materials used to generate a standard curve. These differences can affect the accuracy, specificity, and dynamic ranges of various real-time PCR assays. These analytic differences cause difficulty in comparing test results, making it impossible to establish universal standardized cutoff values that correlate with clinical manifestations of BKVN. In this review, we summarize real-time PCR assays used for managing BKVN.
Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Associated With Bone Marrow Fibrin-Ring Granuloma
Authors: Chung Hee-Jung , Chi Hyun-Sook , Jang Seongsoo , Park Chan-Jeoung
Published: January 2010

We previously reported 24 cases of marrow fibrin-ring granuloma (FRG) encountered in 1 institution and concluded that, contrary to previous studies showing marrow FRG as a diagnostic marker for Q fever, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was the most common proven cause of such FRG. The present study characterized patients with EBV-associated marrow FRG. We retrospectively reviewed 17 cases of EBV-associated FRG (43% of 40 cases with marrow FRG) diagnosed by bone marrow biopsy. Patients with EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (5/17 patients) and chronic active EBV infection (4/17) constituted 53% of patients with EBV-associated FRG. Three patients had lymphoma without marrow involvement. All patients except 1 presented first with fever; splenomegaly was the next most common clinical finding (12/17). Cytopenia was observed in the 17 cases: anemia in 16, thrombocytopenia in 9, and leukopenia in 8. Patients with EBV-associated FRG showed lower survival outcomes than did patients without EBV (median, 3.0 vs 11.8 months; P = .009). Patients with bone marrow FRG accompanied by fever require careful evaluation to discern whether active EBV infection is involved because the prognosis is poor.
Connective Tissue Growth Factor Is Expressed in Malignant Cells of Hodgkin Lymphoma but Not in Other Mature B-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Birgersdotter Anna , Baumforth Karl R. N. , Wei Wenbin , Murray Paul G. , Sjöberg Jan , Björkholm Magnus , Porwit Anna , Ernberg Ingemar
Published: January 2010

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has a major role in development of fibrosis and in the wound-healing process. Microarray analysis of 44 classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) samples showed higher CTGF messenger RNA expression in the nodular sclerosis (NS) than in the mixed cellularity (MC) subtype. When analyzed by immunohistochemical analysis, Hodgkin–Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells and macrophages in 23 cHLs and “popcorn” cells in 2 nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphomas showed expression of CTGF protein correlating with the extent of fibrosis. In NS, CTGF was also expressed in fibroblasts and occasional lymphocytes. Malignant cells in 32 samples of various non-Hodgkin lymphomas were negative for CTGF. A staining pattern of stromal cells similar to that of NS cHL was seen in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Macrophages stained positively in Burkitt lymphomas and in some mantle cell lymphomas. The high occurrence of fibrosis in cHL may be related to CTGF expression by malignant H-RS cells.
Aberrant Myeloid Maturation Identified by Flow Cytometry in Primary Myelofibrosis
Authors: Feng Bo , Verstovsek Srdan , Jorgensen Jeffrey L. , Lin Pei
Published: January 2010

Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that may display a variable degree of cytopenia and dysplasia sometimes difficult to distinguish from myelodysplastic syndrome with myelofibrosis (MDS-MF). We reviewed flow cytometric features of bone marrow from 70 cases of PMF and compared them with those from 17 cases of MDS-MF and 20 nonneoplastic control cases. The results were correlated with JAK2V617F and cytogenetic findings. Granulocytes and monocytes from PMF cases exhibited multiple dysplastic features overlapping with those of MDS-MF at a comparable or higher frequency: low side scattering, aberrant CD56 expression in granulocytes and monocytes, and an abnormal CD13/CD16 maturation pattern. Unique to PMF was the small granulocyte size compared with that of MDS-MF and control cases. Although the percentage of CD56+ granulocytes and monocytes did not correlate with JAK2V617F or cytogenetic abnormalities, a subset analysis of 36 cases revealed that median fluorescence intensity of CD56 expression correlated positively with the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities. Our findings indicate that although there is considerable overlap between PMF and MDS-MF, the smaller granulocytes observed in PMF are a useful distinguishing feature.
Bile Ductular Cells Undergoing Cellular Senescence Increase in Chronic Liver Diseases Along With Fibrous Progression
Authors: Sasaki Motoko , Ikeda Hiroko , Yamaguchi Junpei , Miyakoshi Masami , Sato Yasunori , Nakanuma Yasuni
Published: January 2010

We investigated the pathologic significance of ductular reactions in chronic liver diseases with respect to cellular senescence. The expression of senescence-associated markers (p16INK4a and p21WAF1/Cip1), cell proliferation, cell cycle markers (cyclin D and cyclin A), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) was examined immunohistochemically in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC, n = 37), chronic viral hepatitis (n = 39), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (n = 25), and control normal livers (n = 12). The expression of p16INK4a and p21WAF1/Cip1 was frequently found in ductular cells in the advanced stage of chronic liver diseases, especially in PBC (P < .05). Double immunostaining disclosed that most senescent cells expressed cyclin D (G1-phase marker). NCAM was frequently coexpressed in ductular cells showing senescence-associated markers. Some ductular cells in ductular reactions in chronic liver diseases were at G1 arrest and undergoing cellular senescence. Such senescent cells may be involved in the progression of fibrosis of these diseases, particularly in PBC.
Poetry resisting oblivion
Authors: Muzaffar May
Published: January 2010

In the present scene of Iraqi literature it is difficult to draw a comprehensive map of poetry, so the author selects two brilliant Iraqi poets, one from inside Iraq, Raad Abdul-Qadir (19552003), and the other living in the diaspora, Ali Jafar al-Allaq (born in 1945 and presently a
professor of Arabic Literature at the al-Ayn University in UAE), and analyses their poetry and poetics concentrating on their recent collections. The study contextualized the poets, shows the affinities, specificities and complementarities their agonies and sorrows and the sublimity of their
lyricism. Despite the dim horizons, the two poets resisted silence and oblivion and poeticized their desperation and Iraq's tragedy. The recognition of these talented voices by poets and critics on the literary pages of periodicals brings together the split Iraqi literary scene of inside and
outside.
Iraqi resistance has its song
Authors: Zangana Haifa
Published: January 2010

Songs have played an important role in cultural resistance and in national liberation movements. Iraq also developed its resistance songs. Combining poetry with music, lyrics protested sanctions and occupation, violence and disintegration. Being an accessible mode to the masses through
CDs and DVDs, songs were disseminated making use of indigenous traditions to express radical positions and mobilize the audience. Folk music and classical maqam as well as religious chanting were infused with concerns of the present moment. The article explains different types of Iraqi musical
compositions and the way innovations were introduced to oppose the occupiers. Contemporary singers and composers are cited and their work is contextualized within the drama of occupation and in relation to such battles as that of Falluja.
Simple method for preparing monoclinic single crystals of zeolite ZSM-5 and analysis of their structure
Authors: Kamiya Natsumi , Yano Midori , Matsuo Hiroto , Iwama Wataru , Nishi Koji , Yokomori Yoshinobu
Published: January 2010

A simple method for preparing monoclinic single crystals of ZSM-5 is developed. The ZSM-5 crystals are pressed with a weight of 50 g at an angle of 45° relative to the
b
and
c
crystallographic axes of twin ZSM-5 crystals while the temperature is simultaneously increased to 573 K. The temperature is then slowly reduced to 313 K, and these steps are repeated three times. The monoclinic structure of the single crystals of ZSM-5 produced using this method is then determined.
Sr3TeO6 and Ba3TeO6: double perovskites with pronounced superstructures
Authors: Stöger Berthold , Weil Matthias , Zobetz Erich
Published: January 2010

The orthotellurates (VI) of strontium and barium were synthesized at 1373 K in air by oxidation of TeO2 in a melt of SrBr2 and BaBr2, respectively. Their unprecedented structures were determined from room temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction data. Sr3TeO6, [F-1, Z = 32, a = 16.5338(2) Å, b = 16.6308(2) Å, c = 16.7112(3) Å, α = 90.031(2)°, β = 90.035(2)°, γ = 90.1370(10)°, R[F
2 > 2σ(F
2)] = 0.035, 19195 F
2 data, 375 variable parameters] and Ba3TeO6 [I41/a, Z = 80, a = 19.3878(10) Å, c = 34.909(2) Å, R[F
2 > 2σ(F
2)] = 0.034, 19576 F
2 data, 453 variable parameters] are eight- and 40-fold superstructures which can be described as a pseudo-cubic close-packing of [TeO6]6– octahedra with M
2+ (M = Ba, Sr) atoms located in the tetrahedral and octahedral voids. Sr3TeO6 and Ba3TeO6 are hettotypes of the cubic aristotype with the double perovskite structure crystallizing in space group Fm-3m. A comparative discussion of the crystal structures and their group-subgroup relations are given, including different approaches for the structure descriptions.
Kinetics of removal of intravenous testosterone pulses in normal men
Authors: Veldhuis Johannes D , Keenan Daniel M , Liu Peter Y , Takahashi Paul Y
Published: January 2010

Background

Testosterone is secreted into the bloodstream episodically, putatively distributing into total, bioavailable (bio) nonsex hormone-binding globulin (nonSHBG-bound), and free testosterone moieties. The kinetics of total, bio, and free testosterone pulses are unknown.

Design

Adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis was blocked pharmacologically, glucocorticoid was replaced, and testosterone was infused in pulses in four distinct doses in 14 healthy men under two different paradigms (a total of 220 testosterone pulses).

Methods

Testosterone kinetics were assessed by deconvolution analysis of total, free, bioavailable, SHBG-bound, and albumin-bound testosterone concentration–time profiles.

Results

Independently of testosterone dose or paradigm, rapid-phase half-lives (min) of total, free, bioavailable, SHBG-bound, and albumin-bound testosterone were comparable at 1.4±0.22 min (grand mean±s.e.m. of geometric means). Slow-phase testosterone half-lives were highest for SHBG-bound testosterone (32 min) and total testosterone (27 min) with the former exceeding that of free testosterone (18 min), bioavailable testosterone (14 min), and albumin-bound testosterone (18 min;P<0.001). Collective outcomes indicate that i) the rapid phase of testosterone disappearance from point sampling in the circulation is not explained by testosterone dose; ii) SHBG-bound testosterone and total testosterone kinetics are prolonged; and iii) the half-lives of bioavailable, albumin-bound, and free testosterone are short.

Conclusion

A frequent-sampling strategy comprising an experimental hormone clamp, estimation of hormone concentrations as bound and free moieties, mimicry of physiological pulses, and deconvolution analysis may have utility in estimating thein vivokinetics of other hormones, substrates, and metabolites.
A cancer stem cell origin for human endometrial carcinoma?
Authors: Hubbard Sonya A , Gargett Caroline E
Published: January 2010

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological malignancy affecting women in the western world. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a subset of tumour cells with the capacity to self-renew and give rise to the differentiated cells that comprise the bulk of the tumour. Given that a rare population of epithelial stem/progenitor cells has been identified in human endometrium, it is possible that these cells or their progeny may be the source of the putative CSCs that may initiate and maintain EC. Studies have shown that some cells within EC have the capacity to initiate clones that undergo self-renewing cell division and form tumoursin vivothat can be serially passaged, demonstrating self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation abilities of the potential EC stem cells (ECSCs). These potential ECSCs may be located within the tumour cell population expressing CD133 and/or within the side population. With the discovery of markers for ECSCs, it is hoped that ECSCs can be isolated and characterised, and that their role in the development of human EC will be further investigated. This knowledge opens the way for the development of new treatment modalities that target the CSCs, but spares normal endometrial stem/progenitor cells and other cells. Such treatments will be particularly useful for early-stage and pre-menopausal EC candidates where the uterus may be conserved, and for late-stage cases where hysterectomy is not curative and current treatments target the bulk tumour cells rather than CSCs.
Perfil de clientes submetidos a amputações relacionadas ao diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tavares Darlene Mara dos Santos , Dias Flávia Aparecida , Araújo Luciana Rabelo , Pereira Gilberto Araújo
Published: January 2010

Estudo retrospectivo que objetivou descrever as características sócio-demográficas e clínicas de 141 sujeitos, internados no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, submetidos à amputação relacionada ao diabetes; comparar o número de amputações de acordo com as variáveis sexo, faixa etária, co-morbidades e tipo de tratamento e associar o número de amputações com o tempo de internação e de diagnóstico. Os dados coletados em prontuários totalizaram 208 amputações. Maior percentual de sujeitos do sexo masculino (58,9%) e maior ocorrência de amputação entre os idosos (70,2%); principal causa de internação: pé diabético (35,7%); a maioria (75,0%) foi internada até duas vezes; co-morbidade mais freqüente: hipertensão arterial (74,0%); a mediana do número de amputações foi duas. Não foi observada diferença significativa entre as variáveis estudadas.
Comunicação da equipe de enfermagem com a família do paciente
Authors: Casanova Edna Gurgel , Lopes Gerturdes Teixeira
Published: January 2010

OBJETIVOS: analisar informações recebidas por familiares dos pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva sobre suas condições clínicas; discutir com a equipe de enfermagem possibilidades de novas estratégias de intervenções junto aos parentes destes pacientes. Realizada em uma instituição hospitalar universitária. Os sujeitos investigados foram familiares/visitas dos pacientes e integrantes da equipe de enfermagem. Utilizou-se sessenta horas de observação participante e dez entrevistas semi-estruturadas, além da geração de um filme oriundo das anotações do diário de campo. A análise baseou-se no método de análise de conteúdo. Emergiram como categorias de análise: comunicação e a enfermagem e cuidado com a família. Concluiu-se que o cuidar da enfermagem transcende a utilização de técnicas e/ou tecnologia implicando na necessidade de um eficaz potencial de comunicação.
Processo de cuidar nas instituições de longa permanência: visão dos cuidadores formais de idosos
Authors: Ribeiro Marco Túlio de Freitas , Ferreira Raquel Conceição , Magalhães Cláudia Silami de , Moreira Allyson Nogueira , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e
Published: January 2010

Este estudo avaliou o cuidar nas instituições de longa permanência filantrópicas e privadas de Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Uma amostra de 181 cuidadores de idosos foi entrevistada. Avaliou-se razão idosos/cuidador, sua formação em serviço, satisfação, dificuldades na função e atividades executadas. A razão idosos/cuidador foi maior nas filantrópicas. A maioria adquiriu suas habilidades no auxílio aos idosos da própria instituição. Nas privadas, maior percentual aprendeu suas habilidades em cursos e 54,7% realizaram treinamento após admissão, percentual maior nas privadas (64,6%, p<0,05). Quase todos relataram satisfação na profissão, porém 51,4% afirmaram enfrentar dificuldades na prática. A atividade mais realizada foi banho dos idosos (22,5%). Foram apontados problemas quanto à estrutura e a prestação de serviços a idosos nas instituições, principalmente nas filantrópicas.
Avanços na monitorização neurológica intensiva: implicações para a enfermagem
Authors: Alcântara Talita Ferreira Dourado Laurindo de , Marques Isaac Rosa
Published: January 2010

A monitorização neurológica é uma avaliação e acompanhamento de dados fornecidos por aparelhagem técnica das alterações do sistema nervoso. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma atualização sobre os diferentes métodos de monitorização neurológica intensiva e estabelecer relações com o trabalho do enfermeiro. O impacto do suprimento e renovação de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos de suporte vital ao paciente na unidade de terapia intensiva é um fato concreto, o que deve fazer com que a equipe de enfermagem se adapte ao ritmo da nova tecnologia a serviço da saúde do paciente. Monitorizar pacientes com alterações neurológicas é um grande desafio para toda a equipe, mas é através dela que se obtêm dados confiáveis e necessários para a intervenção.
Trabalho como subsistência nos hospitais públicos brasileiros
Authors: Vaghetti Helena Heidtmann , Padilha Maria Itayra , Silva Rosimeri Carvalho da , Simões Jorge Manuel Trigo de Almeida
Published: January 2010

Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão que objetivou re-interpretar a interpretação de autores de teses e dissertações sobre os significados expressos por trabalhadores da saúde, acerca das relações de subsistência com o seu trabalho, na cultura organizacional de hospitais públicos brasileiros. A investigação ocorreu a partir de teses e dissertações produzidas em programas de pós-graduação (2002/2006). O referencial teórico-metodológico apoiou-se na antropologia interpretativa defendida por Clifford Geertz. Os resultados apontam que as relações de subsistência conduzem à alienação do trabalho e a remuneração gera insatisfação econômica que alavanca a necessidade de outros empregos. A estabilidade no trabalho alimenta o descomprometimento e ações que estimulam a transgressão de normas e facilitam os autogovernos em hospitais públicos brasileiros.
Pesquisa em enfermagem: possibilidades da filosofia de Buber
Authors: Padoin Stela Maris de Mello , Paula Cristiane Cardoso de , Schaurich Diego
Published: January 2010

As pesquisas em Enfermagem têm colaborado para a construção do conhecimento próprio da profissão, sendo evidente a tendência qualitativa, da qual se destaca a abordagem fenomenológica. O presente artigo apresentará as possibilidades da filosofia de Martin Buber na pesquisa. Na fase de campo, pode subsidiar a ferramenta de entrevista, pois trata das relações e do diálogo. Na fase de análise, pode ser utilizado como referencial teórico para interpretação, pois apresenta subsídios para compreensão do encontro de presença entre os seres humanos, a partir do modo de ver a si e ao mundo. Assim, compreendemos a contribuição de Buber como referencial na produção qualitativa em pesquisa.