bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Impact of National Functional Fitness Federations on Participation and Performance in the Sport of Functional Fitness
Authors: Roberts S. A
Published: November 2023

Purpose The International Functional Fitness Federation (IF3) was established in 2016 as the independent global governing body of the sport of Functional Fitness. Over 55 countries now recognise a National Functional Fitness Federation operating under the IF3, and a subset of these countries also recognise and support Functional Fitness as an official sport. The purpose of this study is to compare participation and performance in Functional Fitness between a country that has a highly active Federation and official recognition (Norway) and a country that does not (UK). The aim is to provide insight into the impact of active governance and official recognition on these parameters. Methods Participation and perceptions of Functional Fitness in both populations was investigated via an online survey developed by the researchers and distributed via convenience and snowball methods. In addition, publicly available data regarding participation and performance in IF3 and CrossFit® run global competitions was analysed. Results Norway outperforms the UK at the elite level Functional Fitness competitions investigated, and the data suggests a higher proportion of the Norwegian population participates in Functional Fitness, compared to the UK. There is greater awareness of both the IF3 and National Functional Fitness Federation in Norway. Motivations to train are similar across survey respondents, regardless of nation. Conclusion This study suggests official recognition of the sport and an active National Federation may enhance participation and performance in the sport.
Tinnitus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Associations with Psychological Health and Auditory Safety
Authors: Ataya Sham , Nahas Louei Darjazini
Published: November 2023

Background: Tinnitus is a condition characterized by the perception of sounds or ringing in the ears or head without an external sound source. It is a common phenomenon and can result from various causes. This auditory disorder includes cases ranging from mild and bothersome tinnitus to severe tinnitus that significantly impacts an individual's quality of life. Tinnitus is widespread globally and can affect individuals across different age groups.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among attendees of medical clinics in Damascus to investigate the prevalence of tinnitus. Inclusion criteria encompassed all clinic attendees during the period of April and May 2023, aged 18 years and above. Study objectives were explained in writing and accompanied by a questionnaire. Using the Tinnitus Screening Questionnaire, the sample was divided into three groups: 621 participants were included, with 418 experiencing tinnitus and 203 without tinnitus.
Results: The study, involving 621 participants, explored the prevalence and characteristics of tinnitus in a diverse population sample. Females constituted 70.5% of the sample, and the majority of participants were in the 18-39 age group (83.6%). 82.9% reported no hearing problems, while 20.8% used headphones daily. Tinnitus affected 67.3% of participants, with 13% experiencing pathological tinnitus. The study identified tinnitus-influencing factors, such as high noise levels (64.2%) and stress (34.6%). Health problems associated with tinnitus included anxiety and depression at 30.9%. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory revealed significant issues in 34.6%. Seeking help was common (61.7%), with 46.8% reporting anxiety and depression. Gender and age showed statistically significant relationships with tinnitus prevalence. The study provides valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of tinnitus and its impact on individuals' well-being.
Conclusion: This study revealed high prevalence rates of tinnitus in a sample of clinic attendees in Syria. Psychogenic tinnitus had a higher prevalence among patients. Tinnitus was generally associated with chronic pain and increased exposure to risk factors. Awareness about tinnitus and understanding its causes is crucial, and therapeutic plans should be implemented to help patients regain control over their lifestyles.
Semantic Analysis of Phishing Emails Leading to Ransomware with ChatGPT
Authors: Fujima Himari , Takeuchi Kazuya , Kumamoto Takako
Published: November 2023

Ransomware attacks have rapidly emerged as crippling threats to organizational stability and business continuity. This study conducts an in-depth analysis of real-world phishing emails that often initiate ransomware deployments within companies. The key objectives encompass identifying psychological tricks, technical deceits and language anomalies commonly conveyed in such emails to better inform defensive strategies. Additionally, a ChatGPT-powered machine learning model is designed using natural language processing for automatically detecting ransomware phishing attempts. The findings reveal manipulative patterns regarding urgency triggers, security-related technical terminologies, and language inconsistencies that distinguish malicious emails from authentic communications. The model demonstrates high accuracy levels in categorizing phishing emails, serving as a swift automated layer of security against cunning ransomware infiltration.
A cross-sectional study regarding the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and its impact on the regular life of female students in Bangladesh
Authors: Jami Md. Abu Bakar Siddique , Sultana Rezwana , Islam Zasharatul
Published: November 2023

Background
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) can disrupt the lives of females, including students, affecting mood, cognition, and physical well-being.
Objective
Assessment of female students’ knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding PMS, evaluation of the prevalence of PMS in Bangladesh, and its impact on the regular life of female students in Bangladesh.
Study Design:
It is a cross-sectional study using a stratified random sampling technique.
Method
Primary data were collected by conducting an online survey with a semi-structured questionnaire using a stratified random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out from March 2021 to October 2021. The subjects were a minimum of 13 years of age. A total of 366 female students from different demographic profiles participated in the survey.
Result
Most respondents (74.86%) were aged 21–25 and were undergraduate students (71.31%). 77.05% were familiar with PMS. Almost all (94%) experienced PMS symptoms. 38% experienced PMS symptoms a week prior to their period, while 42% were moderately affected by the physical symptoms. 43% rated PMS psychological and behavioral symptoms as moderately severe. The most common symptoms were cramping headache, and backache. PMS caused a loss of concentration for 65.85% during educational activities, and 59.56% experienced difficulty at work and in other regular activities.
Conclusion
PMS is common among female students in Bangladesh, affecting their concentration on academic activities. Education and social awareness programs should promote personal hygiene, sexual health, and overall awareness about PMS to address its impact on both personal and professional lives.
Waste reintroduced in the kitchen: life cycles inventories of representative waste-to-nutrition pathways
Authors: Javourez U. , Tituta-Barna L. , Hamelin L.
Published: November 2023

Waste recovery technologies targeting the formulation of edible ingredients such as insects, microorganisms, or proteins extracts, are increasingly promoted to mitigate global environmental impacts. Yet, many conversion pathways exist, and little is known about the plausibility, the implications, and the environmental relevance of deploying them: a comparative framework is missing. To this end, we reviewed the available data and literature documenting these emerging biorefineries and compiled it into six harmonized life cycle inventory (LCI) models estimating the forecasted performances of 16 representative “waste-to-nutrition” pathways in function of 18 input stream characteristics and 293 process parameters. Illustrated on eleven case studies, the results quantify the untapped potential of transforming waste into novel food and feed, but also precisely document why these are no free lunches by unravelling the intrinsic trade-offs between their energy intensity, their yield and the initial composition-structure of input streams. We show that several scenarios are possible to achieve France’s protein feed autonomy by scaling and combining different waste-to-nutrition pathways, but that each scenario would lead to different implications for the energy system and in terms of biomass mobilization. As provided, the LCI models capture the implications associated with these waste recovery technologies and are ready to support their prospective life cycle assessment.
Seed coat-derived brassinosteroids non-cell autonomously regulate endosperm development
Authors: Lima Rita B. , Pankaj Rishabh , Ehlert Sinah , Finger Pascal , Fröhlich Anja , Bayle Vincent , Landrein Benoit , Sampathkumar Arun , Figueiredo Duarte D.
Published: November 2023

An angiosperm seed is formed by the embryo and endosperm, which are direct products of fertilization, and by the maternal seed coat. These tissues communicate with each other to ensure synchronized seed development. After fertilization, auxin produced in the endosperm is exported to the integuments where it drives seed coat formation. Here, we show that the seed coat signals back to the endosperm to promote its proliferation via the steroid hormones brassinosteroids (BR). We show that BR regulate cell wall-related processes in the seed coat, and that the biophysical properties of this maternal organ determine the proliferation rate of the endosperm in a manner independent from the timing of its cellularization. We thus propose that maternal BR signalling tunes endosperm proliferation to seed coat expansion.
CONTROLPHARM - MEDICATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE URGENT AND EMERGENCY HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Max Lima Da Silva Matheus , Carvalho Pantoja Lais , Koji Muranaka Silva Vinicius , Mary Moreira de Melo Aline , Mark Lobo de Oliveira Jean , Augusto da Paz Elleres Pablo
Published: November 2023

This article presents a detailed analysis of the implementation of a Medication Management System in hospital settings, focusing on optimizing dispensing processes, inventory control, and drug traceability. Using an agile methodological approach, tools such as Canva and Scrum were employed to ensure efficient and collaborative project management. The study reveals promising results, highlighting operational efficiency, accurate inventory control, and significant cost and waste reduction in the analyzed hospitals. The integration of advanced technologies, such as the Army Materiel System (SIMATEX), the strategic use of data, and the application of prototyping and web development techniques were instrumental in achieving tangible improvements in hospital management, contributing to patient safety and operational efficiency.
PSYCHOSOCIAL CAPABILITY OF PUBLIC SECONDARY MUSIC, ARTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATIONAND HEALTHTEACHERS TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF MINDFULNESS-BASED INTERVENTION
Authors: T. Razon , PhD Patrick
Published: November 2023

This study intended to determine the psychosocial capability of public MAPEH teachers as the basis for the development of mindfulness-based intervention. At this time, high rates resulted in a significant percentage of low psychosocial capability concerning teachers in the field amidst the new normal. A total of 209 respondents agreed to participate in this research. Results show that generally, MAPEH teacher respondents have exhibited a low adaptive and coping capability based on their self-assessment.It is also recognized that the profile of the MAPEH respondents and their assessment of the level of psychosocial capability was substantially different, which dismissed the null hypothesis of no significant difference. This study utilized the descriptive-comparative method.Structured interviews were conducted with 20groups and their immediate superior.The research analysis concludedthat the informants assertive and retiring psychosocial capability due to factors including demands at work, age, field of specialization, school size, and other characteristics affect this symptomatology, skills and performance gaps as faced by teachers fully depend on their respective contexts, which were sub-coded. 12 out of 20 informants have no school-based psychosocial programstohelp them thrive amidst the educational crisis supporting the survey conducted to the teacher-respondents. In addition, incorporating evidence from reviews and personal correspondence, this study demonstrates that their circumstances led them to suggest appropriate strategies in dealing with psychosocial concerns i.e., exposure to mindfulness-based training, capacity-building, attention training, and emotional support. Eventually, informants also expressed their visions and profound desires to look forward with a positive goal in mind and by being guided by mindfulness-based interventions.
UNE TUBERCULOSE GASTRIQUE REVELEE PAR PERITONITE PAR PERFORATION DULCERE GASTRIQUE : UN CAS ET REVUE DE LITTERATURE
Authors:   Departement De Pneumo-Phtisiologie, Hopital Moulay Youssef, CHU Ibn Sina, Universite Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc., Amiali R. , Smaini S. ,   Departement De Pneumo-Phtisiologie, Hopital Moulay Youssef, CHU Ibn Sina, Universite Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc., Bouhamdi A. ,   Departement De Pneumo-Phtisiologie, Hopital Moulay Youssef, CHU Ibn Sina, Universite Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc., Reguig N. ,   Departement De Pneumo-Phtisiologie, Hopital Moulay Youssef, CHU Ibn Sina, Universite Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc., Mourabit S. ,   Departement De Pneumo-Phtisiologie, Hopital Moulay Youssef, CHU Ibn Sina, Universite Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc., Aharmim M. ,   Departement De Pneumo-Phtisiologie, Hopital Moulay Youssef, CHU Ibn Sina, Universite Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc., Bourkadi J.E. ,   Departement De Pneumo-Phtisiologie, Hopital Moulay Youssef, CHU Ibn Sina, Universite Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc.
Published: November 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health concern. The extrapulmonary manifestations of TB can be misleading and challenging to diagnose. Gastrointestinal tract is not uncommon. Abdominal tuberculosis affects approximately 1 to 3% of all cases of tuberculosis and approximately 12% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. It involves the ileo-colic region, but the involvement stomach and duodenum are rare sites. We present here an unusual case of gastric tuculosis revealed by ulcer perforation peritonitis.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN PERIODONTAL TREATMENT: A REVOLUTION IN ORAL HEALTHCARE
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur, Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences & Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan., Pal Singh Shivendra , Acharya Siddharth ,   Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, School of Dentistry, DY Patil deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai., De Souza Mishal ,   Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Crowns and Bridges, School of Dentistry, DY Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai., B. Singh Shubham ,   Intern, School of Dentistry, DY Patil deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai., Mehta Jhanvi ,   Intern, School of Dentistry, DY Patil deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai., Santosh Bari Meghali ,   Intern, School of Dentistry, DY Patil deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai.
Published: November 2023

Nanotechnology has emerged as a groundbreaking field with immense potential to transform various sectors of healthcare, including dentistry. In recent years, its application in periodontal treatment has garnered considerable attention from researchers and clinicians. This review explores the current state of nanotechnology in periodontal therapy, discussing its various applications, advantages, challenges, and future prospects. With a focus on advancements in nanomaterials, drug delivery systems, and diagnostic tools, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how nanotechnology is reshaping the landscape of periodontal treatment.
Phycoremediation of Thallium Toxic Metal Present in Gallery Water of an Abandoned Mine Area by Algae Cladophora fracta
Authors: TOPAL Murat , ARSLAN TOPAL Emine Işıl , ÖBEK Erdal
Published: November 2023

In this study, phycoremediation of thallium toxic metal present in galery water of an abandoned mine area was investigated by using Cladophora fracta. Within the scope of the study, a reactor containing Cladophora fracta was used and it was determined whether the Cladophora fracta accumulated thallium depending on time. Additionally, the bioconcentration factor was calculated. According to research findings; the accumulations of thallium by Cladophora fracta, compared with uncontaminated alga, were 225% at 5 min, 450% at 10 min, 550% at 20 min, 575% at 40 min, 700% at 60 min, and 900% at 120 min, respectively. BCF values were between 1000-5000. This indicated that Cladophora fracta had bioaccumulation potential. As a result, this research carried out in mining area has documented the phycoremediation of thallium in gallery water of an abandoned mine area.
Kademeli Bir Dalgıç Pompa Performansının Deneysel ve Sayısal Olarak Karşılaştırılması
Authors: DOĞAN Sercan , YAĞMUR Sercan
Published: November 2023

Bu çalışmada bir dalgıç pompa performansının deneysel ve sayısal analiz çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Öncelikle performans deneyleri firmada bulunan test düzeneğinde en verimli çalışma noktası 140 m3/h debi olan dört kademeli bir pompa ile yapılmıştır. Daha sonra Hesaplamalı Akışkanlar Dinamiği ile aynı pompanın dört kademeli modeli için sayısal çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Çalışmada farklı debiler için pompaya ait basma yüksekliği ve verim değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, sayısal analiz sonuçları için pompa kesitinde meydana gelen hız ve basınç değişimleri görsel olarak sunulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, dalgıç pompa optimum çalışma noktası olan 140 m3/h debide, deneysel ve sayısal sonuçlar arasındaki fark basma yüksekliğinde yaklaşık %3.15 mertebesinde iken, verimde %9 civarındadır. Literatüre kazandırılan sonuçlar verim ve basma yüksekliği eğrilerinin birbirleri benzerliği nedeniyle ticari ve akademik çalışmalarda doğrulama amaçlı kullanılacak niteliktedir.
Evaluation of Uses of Some Enzymes in Removal of Plant Impurities from Raw Wool Fabrics
Authors: DEMİRKAN Elif , KUT Dilek , ALADAĞ TANİK Nilay
Published: November 2023

In this study, phytase from Bacillus megaterium EBD9-1 and cellulase from Bacillus subtilis 171ES obtained from isolated from different provinces soils, and commercial pectinase enzymes were investigated for the removal potential of plant impurities from raw wool fabrics. Enzymatic removal of plant impurities is usually carried out at pH 4.0. The efficiency of the enzyme was shown at pH 7.0, but the best effect was obtained with pH 4.0. Enzymes were effective alone, but the effects of double and triple enzyme mixtures on plant impurities were more. It was determined that the effect decreased in case the enzyme amount was used low, and the effect increased even more in the presence of the concentrated enzyme. With this study, which was carried out for the first time with local isolate, the operability of more environmentally friendly enzymes in carbonization processes traditionally performed with chemical substances was demonstrated.
Identification of Free Radicals Formed in Gamma-Irradiated Chlorpropamide and Procainamide Hydrochloride Pharmaceutical Raw Materials by EPR Spectroscopy
Authors: SÜTÇÜ Kerem , OSMANOĞLU Yunus Emre
Published: November 2023

In this study, it was aimed to determine the structural properties of free radicals formed by gamma irradiation in chlorpropamide and procainamide hydrochloride drug raw materials, which are widely used in medicine, by using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. As a result of gamma irradiation, it was determined that two different radicals were formed in both chlorpropamide and procainamide hydrochloride samples. It was suggested that –NĊH-, -NCH2ĊH2- and –NĊH-, -NĊHCH2- radicals were formed in chlorpropamide and procainamide hydrochloride samples, respectively. The simulated spectra closest to the experimental spectra recorded at room temperature of the samples studied in powder form were obtained using simulation software. The contributions of the proposed radicals to the experimental spectra were calculated. The g values of the obtained radicals and the hyperfine structure constants of the unpaired electrons were calculated.
Yenilebilir ve Tıbbi Mantar Hericium erinaceus’un Besin Bileşimi, Antioksidan Aktiviteleri ve Anti-kanser Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ERDAL ALTINTAŞ Özlem
Published: November 2023

Mantarlar antik çağlardan itibaren besin bileşimleri ve tıbbi özellikleri sayesinde ilgi görmektedir. Son yıllarda mantar ekstrelerinin antioksidan bileşikleri, ilaç ve gıda endüstrilerinde sentetik antioksidan maddelerin alternatif kaynağı haline gelmiştir. Bu kapsamda araştırmacılar yenilebilir ve tıbbi özellikteki mantarlarla daha fazla ilgilenmeye başlamışlardır. Bu araştırmanın amacı ise, ticari olarak satın alınan Hericium erinaceus mantarının besin bileşimi, antioksidan potansiyeli, fenolik ve flavonoid içeriğini ortaya çıkarmak ayrıca A549 (akciğer adenokarsinomu) HT-29 (insan kolon adenokarsinomu) hücrelerine karşı antikanser etkisini değerlendirmektir. Bu bağlamda, besin bileşimi Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) prosedürüne uygun olarak analiz edilmiştir. Hericium erinaceus protein, karbonhidrat, diyet lifi ve glukan içeriği ile yüksek bir besin değeri göstermiştir. Bu mantarın su, etanol ve metanol ekstrelerinin toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoid içerikleri belirlenmiş ve metanol ekstresinin üç ekstre türü arasında en yüksek fenolik (27.12±1.05 mg GAE/ g ekstre) ve flavonoid (13.48±1.13 mg QE/g ekstre) içeriğe sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, ekstrelerin antioksidan kapasitesi farklı yöntemlerle (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP ve CUPRAC) karşılaştırılmıştır. Metanol ekstresi diğer ekstreler arasında en yüksek DPPH (38.88±1.59 µM TE/g ekstre), FRAP (21.44±0.79 µM TE/g ekstre) ve CUPRAC (30.05±1.80 µM TE/g ekstre) aktivitelerini gösterirken, etanol ekstresi için ABTS (24.44±1.07 µM TE/g ekstre) aktivitesi en yüksek olarak belirlenmiştir. Son olarak, bu ekstrelerin A549 ve HT-29 hücrelerine karşı antikanser etkileri değerlendirildiğinde, 24 saatin sonunda su, etanol ve metanol ekstrelerinin A549 hücrelerini sırasıyla %49.08, %52.08 ve %57.91 oranında HT-29 hücrelerini ise %52.82, %63.71 ve %71.07 oranında inhibe ettiği gözlenmiştir.
Yenilebilir Film ve Kaplamalarda Dut Yapraklarının Kullanımı
Authors: GULİYEV Murad , ÇELEBİ Yasemin
Published: November 2023

Dut yaprakları, gıda endüstrisinde yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar için yeni bir potansiyel kaynak olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Dut yaprakları, içerdiği biyoaktif bileşenler sayesinde antioksidan, anti-inflamatuar, antimikrobiyal ve antikanser gibi çeşitli sağlık faydaları sağlayabilmektedir. Dut yaprağı tabanlı yenilebilir kaplama ve filmler, gıda ürünlerinin kalitesini ve raf ömrünü artırdığı gibi aynı zamanda gıdaların fiziksel ve duyusal özelliklerini koruma potansiyeline sahiptirler. Bu bağlamda, yenilebilir doğal film ve kaplamalar gıda bozulmalarını minimize ederek, gıda endüstrisinde taze, sağlıklı ve kaliteli ürünlerin elde edilmesine olanak sağlayabilir. Bu nedenle yapılan çalışmada dut yapraklarının besinsel bileşimleri, fitokimyasal, biyolojik ve farmakolojik özellikleri, genel kullanım alanları ve gıda endüstrisinde yenilebilir kaplama ve film olarak kullanımları özetlenmiştir.
Hypoxia Affects Mitochondrial Stress and Facilitates Tumor Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Through Slug SUMOylation
Authors: Wang Jin-bao , Ding Shi-lin , Liu Xiao-song , Yu Tianren , Wu Zeng-an , Li Yu-xiang
Published: November 2023

Background:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor. Slug has been
found to display a key role in diversified cancers, but its relevant regulatory
mechanisms in CRC development are not fully explored.

Objective:

Hence, exploring the function and regulatory mechanisms of Slug is critical
for the treatment of CRC.

Methods:

Protein expressions of Slug, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, Snail, HIF-1α, SUMO-
1, Drp1, Opa1, Mfn1/2, PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM were measured through western
blot. To evaluate the protein expression of Slug and SUMO-1, an immunofluorescence
assay was used. Cell migration ability was tested through transwell assay. The
SUMOylation of Slug was examined through CO-IP assay.

Results:

Slug displayed higher expression and facilitated tumor metastasis in CRC. In
addition, hypoxia treatment was discovered to upregulate HIF-1α, Slug, and SUMO-1
levels, as well as induce Slug SUMOylation. Slug SUMOylation markedly affected
mitochondrial biosynthesis, fusion, and mitogen-related protein expression levels to
trigger mitochondrial stress. Additionally, the induced mitochondrial stress by hypoxia
could be rescued by Slug inhibition and TAK-981 treatment.

Conclusion:

Our study expounded that hypoxia affects mitochondrial stress and
facilitates tumor metastasis of CRC through Slug SUMOylation.
Polymer Nanocomposites: A Review on Recent Advances in the Field of
Green Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Saha Anushree
Published: November 2023

In order to address environmental issues, polymer nanocomposites are becoming
more and more popular because of their remarkable functionality. Their use in various fields is
highlighted by their special physicochemical features (i.e., stability, high reactivity, robustness,
regenerability, etc.), conductivity, electronic compatibility, quick interfacial contacts, simplicity
of functionalization, simplicity of synthesis, interface-to-volume ratio, and low cost. Green polymer nanocomposites have drawn a lot of attention for use in a variety of applications to preserve the environment. Because they are made of eco-friendly materials, they are frequently
utilised in the automobile, building, packaging, and medical industries. Eco-friendly solutions to
the problems caused by plastic trash are biodegradable polymers produced from renewable
sources (microbes, plants, and animals). Plant fibres and natural resins are combined to create
green composite materials. These fibres and resins used in green composites can be broken down
by bacteria. The mixing of natural fillers and organic polymers results in green polymer nanocomposites with distinct characteristics. This review is anticipated to be comprehensive, compelling, and practical for the scientists and business professionals who collaborate to address a variety of environmental problems on a global scale using green polymer nanocomposites.
Conventional Versus Microwave Induced Synthesis and Biological
Evolution of Coumarin Substituted Thioaryl Pyrazolyl Pyrazoline
Authors: Shaikh Parin V. , Brahmbhatt Dinkar I.
Published: November 2023

Aim:

This is a comparative study of some new coumarin substituted thioaryl pyrazolyl pyrazoline.

Methods:

The target compounds were synthesized using both conventional as well as microwave irradiation by reaction of coumarin chalcones with different substituted hydrazine hydrates and aryl hydrazines to give the resultant pyrazoline derivatives. Microwave reaction, enhanced or-ganic reactions, and reduced reaction time led to better yields and selectivity than conventional methods.

Results:

The obtained compounds were characterized by different spectroscopic analysis includ-ing IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental-analysis and evaluated for their antimicrobial screening against a representative panel of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococ-cus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi) and fungi (Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans).

Conclusion:

In the present study, we have synthesized coumarin pyrazoline derivatives clubbed with benzofuran pyrazole via both conventional and microwave irradiation and also subjected to antibacterial and antifungal studies. Synthesis of target compounds by the microwave irradiation enhanced reaction rate and reduced reaction time led to better yields and selectivity than conven-tional methods. The study of antibacterial and antifungal activities revealed that all the com-pounds exhibited reasonable to excellent activities against the pathogenic strains.
Microorganisms and their Industrial Uses
Authors: Prusty Meenakhi , Kumar Dash Ashish , Sahu Suman G. , Verma Neeraj
Published: November 2023

For human beings, the diversity of microorganisms is still an undiscovered
aspect. For the well-being of society, the huge microbial population performs many
vital activities. Microorganisms play an important role in sustainable agriculture,
environmental protection, and human and animal health. Microorganisms have a major
contribution to agricultural issues like crop productivity, plant health protection, soil
health maintenance, and environmental issues like bioremediation of soil and water
from many pollutants. In addition to these activities, microorganisms also produce
many products, either directly or through industrial processes, which are essential for
human survival. In this chapter, we deal with various industrial products that are
produced by microorganisms through different reactions, like antibiotics, enzymes,
natural food preservatives, vitamins, fermentation products, amino acids, and
agricultural products.
Alleviation of Salinity Stress by Microbes
Authors: Nehra Sampat , Gothwal Raj Kumar , Varshney Alok Kumar , Singh Solanki Pooran , Meena Poonam , Trivedi P.C. , Ghosh P.
Published: November 2023

Agricultural production is majorly hampered by the negative impact of both
biotic and abiotic stress in most developing countries. Among abiotic stresses, soil
salinity is a major problem, affecting crop production and responsible for limiting the
growth and productivity of plants in different areas of the world due to increasing use
of poor quality of water, flooding, over-irrigation, seepage, silting, and a rising water
table. In agriculture, salt-tolerant rhizospheric/endophytic microorganisms play an
important role in helping alleviate abiotic stresses in plants. Under plant-microbe
interactions, plant root-associated microbes, including endophytes, closely interact and
cooperate with plants, and mediate important physiological and metabolic processes,
thereby enhancing the plant’s tolerance to salinity stress. Several mechanisms have
been developed for microbial alleviation of salinity stress in plants, including the
production of phytohormones, improving plant nutrient status, production of ACC
deaminase, salt exclusion, and enhancing resistance to drought in plant cells. A wide
range of micro-organisms are available that have diverse mechanisms for salt stress
alleviation in plants. Future research needs to be directed towards field evaluation for
the validation of the potential microbes.
Beauveria Bassiana: An Ecofriendly Entomopathogenic Fungi for Agriculture and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Singh Sikarwar Purnima , Vikram Balaji
Published: November 2023

In the present day perspective, with the increasing cost of chemical
pesticides along with increasing incidences of pesticide toxicity, the application of
microbial pesticides holds good promise for crop protection around the world.
Beauveria bassiana is a common soil fungus, having a broad host range and therefore
is used for biological control of soil-dwelling insect pests. As this fungus is epizootic, it
is being used worldwide as a biopesticide to control several pests, such as termites,
whiteflies, and malaria-transmitting mosquitoes. The use of this fungus in different
crop protection systems significantly controls the Colorado potato beetle, codling moth,
and several genera of termites and bollworms. As insecticides, the spores are sprayed
on affected crops as an emulsified suspension or wettable powder. Generally, B.
bassiana is considered a nonselective pesticide because it parasitizes a very high range
of arthropod hosts. This entomopathogenic fungus is also applied against the European
and Indian corn borer, pine caterpillar, and green leafhoppers. The ability of B.
bassiana to antagonize, parasitize, and kill insects endorses it as an efficient biocontrol
agent. Although B. bassiana has a good share in the total biopesticide market, there is
still ample scope for further development of this superior strain through advertisement
among the farming community.
Design and Analysis of L-shape Defect-based 2D Photonic Crystal Waveguide for Optical Interconnect Application With Signal Amplification
Authors: Panda Abinash , Mishra Chandra Sekhar , Pukhrambam Puspa Devi , Daher Malek
Published: November 2023

Photonic crystal (PhC) has witnessed an unprecedented research interest since its discovery by Yablonovitch and John in 1987. PhC has undergone substantial theoretical and experimental study because of its periodic dielectric structure and ability to guide and manipulate light at the optical wavelength scale. The photonic band gap (PBG), one of the fundamental characteristics of PhC, prohibits the transmission of light inside a definite wavelength range. The PBG property of PhC opens up enormous opportunities for envisioning a wide range of applications like communication, filtering, bio-sensing, interconnector, modulator, polarizer, environmental safety, food processing etc. However, a peculiar property can be observed when defects are added to PhC, the periodicity of this dielectric structure is disrupted, allowing PC to exhibit high electromagnetic field confinement, a little more volume, and feeble confinement loss. The propagation of light can be altered and engineered by altering the structural characteristics of PhC or introducing appropriate materials into the rods of PC. Among the different applications, optical interconnect is the most escalating application in a photonic integrated circuit. This chapter addresses a novel 2D photonic crystal waveguide for optical amplifier application. The proposed structure comprises 9×9 circular rods of Si with air in the background. A sequence of Si rods is removed to create a defect in the 90o shape. The finite difference time domain method (FDTD) can be adjusted to envisage the electric field allocation along the 90o bend defective region.

Several geometrical factors, such as the radius of the Si rods and the gap between lattices, are judiciously optimized in order to realize strong light confinement inside the defect region. The intensity of incident light and the transmitted light is evaluated through numerical analysis, where it is found that the transmitted intensity from the waveguide is much higher than the intensity of incident light, which ensures that the projected construction can act as an optical amplifier. Apart from this, the bending loss close to the bending area of the photonic waveguide is investigated. A small bending loss of the order of 10-5 exists, which indicates efficient guidance of light along the 90o bend path. Lastly, the confinement loss along the defect region is studied, which is found to be in the order of 10-11. So, the light propagation with negligible loss indicates that the future PCW could be an appropriate applicant for optical interconnect applications.
Fifth Generation Mobile Communication: Devices and Circuit Architectures
Authors: Saurabh Kumar , Singh Sukwinder
Published: November 2023

With the tremendous expansion in communication in recent years,
contemporary communication techniques must improve quickly. The requirement is
data-driven, driven mainly through users for content consumption and the expanding
number of other mobile users who require quick access to the network for personal and
professional needs, resulting in a massive growth in data traffic. However, because
services and daily requirements are conducted over the internet, 5G demands pose new
obstacles. As a result, device count and connections in wireless networks will grow,
resulting in increasing demand for total data and the requirement to manage a large
number of physical connections.
In any modern wireless communication system, power amplifiers are essential
components. For many years, the general problem has been to reduce the amount of
energy consumed, which is DC in nature concerning the amount of radio frequency
delivered. The fifth generation (5G) wireless communication system is intended to
connect billions of devices at a very high data transfer rate. However, it has prompted
worries about the fast-rising global energy consumption, necessitating urgent
innovation in the creation of energy-efficient wireless transmitter systems.
Efficiency, as well as linearity, are two important parameters of power amplifiers. It is
unavoidable to make trade-offs among parameters like efficiency and linearity, and
attaining both is incredibly challenging. In most cases, lowering the requirements of
nonlinearity, which are linked to power efficiency, results in transmitting the signals
with the highest amplitudes below the amplifier's compression level. The linearity of
PAs, in addition to their efficiency, can be quite substantial. Some strategies include as
Doherty power amplifier, Outphasing technique Envelope Tracking (ET), Kahn
Envelope Elimination and Restoration (EER), and Linear Amplification with Non linear Components (LINC).
A Novel Nanotechnological Approach Towards Solar Panel
Authors: Hans Drishti , Narula Gaurav , Tharani Kusum
Published: November 2023

The significance and benefits of using solar energy for making use of power
are notable. Still, the pace of introducing photovoltaic panels for creating power in
domestic and private enterprises is still low. The explanation is the high establishment
cost of the Photovoltaic arrangement, decreased productivity of the as-of-now involved
solar panels and the huge space required for introducing solar panels. In this chapter,
the authors have proposed an innovative Photovoltaic arrangement that resolves the
previously mentioned issues. The proposed innovative multi-layered Photovoltaic
model integrates nanotechnology with the present model of the panel. Various
nanocomposites and nano polymers are compared, and the best-suited one is used to
propose a novel solar panel with the help of nanotechnology. It was found that the
integration of nano-technology improved the transmission rate of sun rays in the
proposed panel. Lastly, a detailed comparative analysis between the existing
Monocrystalline panel and the proposed set-up is done. It is found that the technical,
economic and environmental performance of the proposed Photovoltaic Set-up
exceeded that of the existing technology
Determinants of Labor Participation and Wages toward People with Disabilities in Indonesia
Authors: Nopiah Ririn , Pangaribowo Evita Hanie
Published: November 2023

Reductions in the supply of labor and wages occur to people with disabilities. Disability conditions cause a decline in productivity so that the probability of being a labor is small, risk of unemployment and loss of income. The high prevalence of disabilities in Indonesia causes inequality of labor participation and wages for disabilities in Indonesia based on the type of disabilities. The data used is Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) waves 4 and 5 by pooled cross-section. The analysis methods are logit and tobit models. The results showed that communicative disabilities have a higher chance of labor participation and wages. Factors of the degree of severity, age, male, head of household, education, urban, chronic disease, ownership of insurance, and ownership of assets also affect labor participation and wages for disabilities. The labor activation program for disabilities is a succession and initiative as welfare reform, poverty alleviation and an indicator of inclusive development.
Association Between Self-Advocacy and Academic Performance of Higher Education Students with Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rahajeng Unita Werdi , Hendriani Wiwin , Paramita Pramesti Pradna
Published: November 2023

Self-advocacy is one of the personal factors essential for students with disabilities in college obtaining satisfactory achievements. This meta-analysis proves the strength of the relationship between self-advocacy and one of the success parameters of students with disabilities, namely academic achievement. It followed the guidelines from PRISMA. A literature search was conducted in four databases: Scopus, Web of Science, Psychnet, and Proquest, and 328 articles were obtained. Finally, six articles remained for further analysis. Based on the analysis using the DerSimonian and Laird (DL) estimator model, the estimated effect size was 0.29 (p<0.001; 95% CI=0.20 – 0.38). Although the results of the meta-analysis show a significant positive correlation between variables, there are things that need to be considered in terms of heterogeneity and the risk of publication bias.
Array Formation Testing with Multiple Azimuthal and Axial Pressure Transducers
Authors: Zhou Minggao , Feng Yongren , Xu Yongzeng , Zhou Yanmin , Chen Yongchao , Chin Wilson
Published: November 2023

An early formation tester operating a “sink probe” that extracts fluids from the borehole, also measures pressures at its location; pressures are additionally collected at two passive sensors, one situated 180 deg away and the second about meter axially. These positions are not conducive to accurate permeability predictions, since pressure transient signals used for inverse analysis attenuate very rapidly. Closer probe spacings offer formation evaluation advantages at low mobilities because Darcy pressure dissipation is reduced. Logging applications for such testing tools include heterogeneity, anisotropy and layer characterization. Multiprobe tools with smaller transducer separations are ideal, but at present, analytically based hardware design and software interpretation methods are not available. Two design approaches are described in this paper, namely, testers with multiple probes that are displaced azimuthally, and those with axially displaced probes. For the former, we describe a new triple-probe array tester and related software models that support pressure transient analysis in transversely isotropic media. The numerical approach supports independently operable probes with different nozzle shapes, flow rates and start and stop times. This flexibility supports anisotropy and heterogeneity mapping ‘’circumferentially about the borehole. The latter class of tools, those formed by axial pressure arrays, extend conventional “dual probe tools” by including additional pressure probes axially along the same azimuth. These support improved pressure gradient analysis and detection of isolated zones in vertical wireline applications. Taken together, both array methods and their computational models support more effective job planning and inverse properties analysis. Comments are also offered on “hybrid multiprobe tools” consisting of both azimuthal and axial arrays. These math formulations and computing methods for both tool classes not only support pressure analysis, but also, for more effective hardware design. For example, what pump flow rates are required to provide a given depth of investigation? Analogous questions can be answered “on paper” prior to prototype building. Representative computed examples are presented demonstrating the versatility and capabilities of the new models. This article introduces techniques focusing on single-phase flow fundamentals. Applications to other multiprobe tools, together with multiphase extensions, dealing with coupled pressure and contamination models, nonlinear gas pumping, convergence acceleration, and in addition, inverse approaches and “big data” support, will be presented in a forthcoming 2024 book.
Security Implications of AI Chatbots in Health Care
Authors: Li Jingquan
Published: November 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots like ChatGPT and Google Bard are computer programs that use AI and natural language processing to understand customer questions and generate natural, fluid, dialogue-like responses to their inputs. ChatGPT, an AI chatbot created by OpenAI, has rapidly become a widely used tool on the internet. AI chatbots have the potential to improve patient care and public health. However, they are trained on massive amounts of people’s data, which may include sensitive patient data and business information. The increased use of chatbots introduces data security issues, which should be handled yet remain understudied. This paper aims to identify the most important security problems of AI chatbots and propose guidelines for protecting sensitive health information. It explores the impact of using ChatGPT in health care. It also identifies the principal security risks of ChatGPT and suggests key considerations for security risk mitigation. It concludes by discussing the policy implications of using AI chatbots in health care.
Exploring the Use of a Learning-Based Exergame to Enhance Physical Literacy, Soft Skills, and Academic Learning in School-Age Children: Pilot Interventional Study
Authors: Goncalves Aurelie , Lespiau Florence , Briet Gaëtan , Vaillant-Coindard Eugénie , Palermo Angèle , Decobert Elsa , Allegret-Bourdon Nathan , Charbonnier Elodie
Published: November 2023

Background

There is ample evidence that most children do not perform enough physical activity (PA). To address this major public health problem, the French government implemented 30 minutes of daily PA (DPA) at schools but did not provide any supplemental resources or concrete guidance. Considering both children’s interest in video games and the need for teachers to complete their curriculum, the use of a learning-based exergame that combines PA and learning appears particularly relevant.

Objective

The first objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing 30 minutes of DPA through exergaming among school-age children. The second objective was to examine the effects of an exergaming program on physical literacy, academic learning, and soft skills (motivation, self-efficacy, and concentration).

Methods

This interventional study had a pre-post design and used the Play LÜ exergame platform. The study included 79 children with a mean age of 8.9 (SD 1.2) years from grade 2 (7 years old) to grade 5 (11 years old). Play LÜ requires players to throw balls against a wall to reach a target or to activate an object and provides an interactive game area for educational activities linked to specific learning themes. After a 4-session familiarization phase during which the teachers chose to prioritize mathematics learning in 30-minute DPA sessions, students took part in DPA sessions over a period of 3 weeks with Play LÜ and a motor skills circuit behind the LÜ setup to keep them continuously active. All sessions were carried out by PA specialists. Each session started with a warm-up using the Grööve application, continued with main activities promoting mathematics learning adapted to each grade level, and ended with a 3-minute meditation for returning to a calm and serene state using the Gaïa application. Before (T0) and after (T1) the program, students completed a self-evaluation booklet to assess their levels of physical literacy, academic performance, and soft skills.

Results

The implementation of this exergaming program was welcomed by the school’s administration, teaching staff, and parents. After the program, we observed increased scores for physical literacy (difference +2.6, percentage change +3.6%; W=933.0; P=.002; rrb=−0.39, 95% CI −0.58 to −0.16) and motivation in mathematics (+0.7, +9.8%; W=381.5; P=.005; rrb=−0.44, 95% CI −0.66 to −0.16). In addition, it is important to note that some measures progressed differently across learning levels and age groups.

Conclusions

The study results indicate positive impacts of learning-based exergaming on physical literacy and motivation in mathematics among school-age children.