bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postural drainage in intubated patients with acute lobar atelectasis - A pilot study
Authors: Krause M. W. , Van Aswegen H. , De Wet E. H. , Joubert G.
Published: June 2019

Objectives: The movement and mobilisation of an intubated patient in the intensive care unit is restricted by the presence of various drains and intravenous lines. Difficulty to position the patient in the correct postural drainage positions, often leads physiotherapists to using modified postural drainage positions to mobilise secretions. A comparison of effectiveness between the correct postural drainage positions and the modified postural drainage positions during the treatment of acute lobar atelectasis in the intubated patient was conducted. Subjects: Intubated men and women between the ages of 13 and 85 years in the intensive care units of Pelonomi and Universitas Hospitals in Bloemfontein diagnosed with acute lobar atelectasis of the lower lobes were considered for inclusion in this pilot study.Intervention: A controlled randomised clinical experiment was conducted. Group A received inhalation therapywhilst placed in a postural drainage position for 15 minutes. Thereafter percussion was done for five minutes followed by a sterile suction procedure. Group B received the same treatment but modified postural drainage positions were used. Both groups received treatment twice daily.Results: On average, group A required three treatments and nil follow-up chest X-rays before the collapse was resolved, as opposed to the average of 4.5 treatments and one follow-up chest X-ray required by group B before the same result was obtained. In group A the oxygenation compared to Group B was improved. The findings were not statistically significant.Conclusion: The use of postural drainage positions in intensive care suggests quicker resolution of acute lobar atelectasis and improves oxygenation.
Deforestation impact on discharge regime in the Doce River Basin
Authors: Lyra Barbara Ucelis , Rigo Daniel
Published: June 2019

The construction of scenarios using hydrological models can evaluate the hydrological response in watersheds, due to changes in the soil use. In this context, this study analyzed the consequences of deforestation in the hydrological behavior of the Doce River Basin, which has a drainage area of approximately 86.715 km². The basin presents problems regarding water availability, floods, indiscriminate deforestation and inadequate soil management. The Model of Large Basins (MGB-IPH) was selected, using daily data from 1990 to 2014, 11 fluviometric, 81 rainfall and 12 meteorological stations, numerical model of the land, soil maps, and use and land cover. Hydrological modeling was performed in the following steps: calibration of parameters (1990 and 2005), validation (2006 to 2014) and simulation of deforestation scenarios (2000 to 2014). It was observed that the replacement of forests by pasture caused reductions in the average annual flows, indicating a decrease in average flows in deforestation scenarios. As for the behavior of floods, deforestation caused them to increase, while the annual minimum flows reduced with deforestation. The results demonstrate the worsening that the simulated scenarios can cause in the problems already found in the basin, such as floods and water shortages, to supply the uses for which the basin is intended.
Non-cocompact Group Actions and -Semistability at Infinity
Authors: Geoghegan Ross , Guilbault Craig , Mihalik Michael
Published: June 2019

A finitely presented 1-ended group $G$ has semistable fundamental group at infinity if $G$ acts geometrically on a simply connected and locally compact ANR $Y$ having the property that any two proper rays in $Y$ are properly homotopic. This property of $Y$ captures a notion of connectivity at infinity stronger than “1-ended”, and is in fact a feature of $G$, being independent of choices. It is a fundamental property in the homotopical study of finitely presented groups. While many important classes of groups have been shown to have semistable fundamental group at infinity, the question of whether every $G$ has this property has been a recognized open question for nearly forty years. In this paper we attack the problem by considering a proper but non-cocompact action of a group $J$ on such an $Y$. This $J$ would typically be a subgroup of infinite index in the geometrically acting over-group $G$; for example $J$ might be infinite cyclic or some other subgroup whose semistability properties are known. We divide the semistability property of $G$ into a $J$-part and a “perpendicular to $J$” part, and we analyze how these two parts fit together. Among other things, this analysis leads to a proof (in a companion paper) that a class of groups previously considered to be likely counter examples do in fact have the semistability property.
Phytophthora palmivora: A New Pathogen of Olive Trees in Morocco
Authors: Chliyeh Mohamed , Touhami Amina Ouazzani , Filali-Maltouf Abdelkarim , El Modafar Cherkaoui , Moukhli Abdelmajid , Oukabli Ahmed , Benkirane Rachid , Douira Allal
Published: June 2019

In spring of 2012, olive-trees with crown dieback, root rot and defoliation were observed in two years old olive tree in commercial plantations of tree nurseries in Sidi Taibi and in twenty to fifty years old field trees in Souk El Arbaa olive crops in Northwest of Morocco (Gharb area). The objective of this study was to isolate the responsible pathogen of the observed symptoms to the olive trees, to demonstrate its pathogenicity and fulfill the Koch´s postulate. Phytophthora palmivora was consistently isolated from roots (56%) and stems (73.6%) of the young olive trees and 85% from stems of field trees. Koch’s postulate was completed using two isolates of Phytophthora palmivora on 2-year old plants of Dahbia and Haouzia varieties grafted onto wild olive-trees. The affected branches percentages (Pab%) of the inoculated olive plants with the isolate 1 were higher (81.8% for Dahbia and 68% for Haouzia) than those what were inoculated with the isolate 2 (43% for Dahbia and 32% for Haouzia). The reisolation percentages (Pr%) of isolate 1 (84%) and isolate 2 (76%) in the roots of Dahbia variety were higher than isolate 1 (48%) and isolate 2 (55%) in roots of Haouzia variety. The reisolation percentage of isolate 1 in the stem of Dahbia (64%) was higher than that in the stem of Haouzia (41.33%). No significant difference was observed between the Reisolation percentages of isolate 2 in stem of Dahbia olive plants (38%) and in stem of Haouzia olive plants (33%). The pathogenicity of P. palmivora was demonstrated in the olive plants and this was the first report of this pathogen in Moroccan olive trees.
Month of Seeding Effect on Low-Input Establishment of Cool- and Warm-Season Turfgrasses in Continental Transition Zone
Authors: Diesburg Kenneth Lynn , Krausz Ronald F.
Published: June 2019

This research was conducted to determine the degree of success, by month, in seeding establishment of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers. var. dactylon), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) at two locations in the moist, Midwest, continental transition zone on a prepared seed bed without irrigation or cover. The four species were planted every month of the year starting in September 2005. Starter fertilizer and siduron were applied the same day as seeding with no subsequent management except mowing. Percent cover of living turfgrass was recorded in each of 24 months after seeding. Tall fescue (80%) and Bermudagrass (73%) provided the best percent cover over all planting dates. Kentucky bluegrass provided 65% and zoysiagrass 24% cover. The cool-season grasses performed best in the July-to-March plantings; tall fescue 88% and Kentucky bluegrass 72%. Bermudagrass (94%) established best in the January-to-April plantings, while Zoysiagrass (32%) established best in the November-to-March plantings. Germination and seedling survival after germination of all species were inhibited by limited moisture during summer. The warm-season grasses were further limited by winter kill in the August, September, and October seedings. These results emphasize the risk in spring-seeding as well as the value in dormant-seeding of both warm- and cool-season turfgrasses for low-input, nonirrigated establishment.
Experimental Study of the Influence of Shot Peening on the Microstructure and Properties of Surface Layer of a TC21 Titanium Alloy
Authors: Song Y. , Zhao Z. , Lu F.
Published: June 2019

The effects of shot peening on microstructure and properties of surface layer of a TC21 titanium alloy have been studied by transmission electron microscopy, electron back-scattered diffraction, X-ray diffraction and Nano-indentation. The results indicated that an elastic-plastic strengthening layer was formed on the surface of the TC21 alloy after the shot peening. During the deformation processing, the activated slip systems were found to be in ,  and  planes with high-density dislocations formed as networks in α phase. After the shot peening, the residual stress was found in the strengthening layer, which decreased from the surface to the interior, and the thickness of the surface layer was measured about 370 μm. The hardness by nano-indentation measurement increased two times as compared with the original material. After the shot peening, the fraction of the low-angle boundaries between 0-10º was estimated as 59.3% at the depth of 100 μm from surface. This surface layer microstructure improved resistance of deformation of the TC21 alloy, and therefore increased its fatigue strength.
Phase Equilibrium in Carbothermal Reduction Al2O3 → AlN Studied by Thermodynamic Calculations
Authors: Chen Chien Chon , Chen Chih Yuan , Yang Hsi Wen , Kuo Yang Kuao , Lin Jin Shyong
Published: June 2019

As a ceramic with high economic value, aluminum nitride possesses high thermal conductivity, excellent electrical insulation, high mechanical strength and high melting temperature and these all are required in high technologies involving cooling, insulation, thermal expansion and corrosion. This paper deals with thermodynamic parameters which affect the Al2O3→AlN reduction efficiency during a carbothermal reduction. According to the carbothermal reduction reaction γ-Al2O3 + 3C + N2 → AlN + 3CO, if molar mixing ratio of γ-Al2O3:C = 1:3 at 1,601 °C or higher, the γ-Al2O3 can be reduced to AlN. This carbothermal reduction reaction is controlled by main parameters of carbon activity, and partial pressures of nitrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. For example, if less carbon is added, a lower carbothermal reduction rate is resulted; however, if extra carbon is added, aluminum carbide (Al4C3) could be produced, or C could remain in AlN. Without N2(g) added in the carbothermal reduction, Al2O3(γ) may react with C to generate Al4C3 at a temperature higher than 2,250 °C. AlN prefers to form with an unity carbon activity, at a lower oxygen partial pressure, a higher carbon monoxide partial pressure, or at a higher temperature. In order to understand the relationship with N2, O2, CO, CO2, C, Al2O3, AlN and Al4C3, the Al-N-C-O system was investigated by thermodynamic calculations.
Magnetic and Thermal Properties of Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb3 Amorphous Ribbon and Ball-Milled Powders
Authors: Chen Shih Fan , Huang Shih Hang , Wang Shea Jue , Chen Shih Hsun , Chen Chien Chon
Published: June 2019

This paper reports magnetic and thermal properties of Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb3 amorphous ribbon and its powders prepared by ball milling. Differential thermal analysis of the amorphous ribbon showed its Curie temperature at 400 °C, and two crystalline peaks at 500 and 550 °C, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that a secondary phase Fe2B appeared at 500 °C, causing a maximum strain of 0.195 % in the ribbon at 600 °C. The optimized soft magnetic properties of Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb3 ribbon were found in the sample annealed at 450 °C, with saturation magnetization Bm = 1.84×104 G and coercivity Hc = 17.95 Oe. After ball milling, the Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb3 powders reached a mean particle size of 10 μm, with partial crystallization during the ball milling process. The ball milling decreased Bm while increased Hc, due to anisotropy induced by stress.
Comparison of Early and Conventional Soybean Production Systems for Yield and other Agronomic Traits
Authors: Khaled Ouertani , Washington Evandrew , Lage Patricia , Kantartzi Stella K. , Lightfoot David A. , Kassem My Abdelmajid
Published: June 2019

The early soybean production system (ESPS) was reported to be beneficial for yield compared to the conventional soybean production system (CSPS) and is widely used in the Southern USA. The objective of this study was to compare yield, yield components, root traits, and shoot traits in ESPS (April planting) and CSPS (June planting) in NC Sandhills using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, ‘Hartwig’ by ‘Flyer’ (n=92). The population was grown in Spring Lake, NC in 2008 at a density of 16 seeds m-2. The traits measured were days to germination, days to flowering, plant height, seed weight, seed number, pod number, harvest index, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, maximum root length, and lateral root number. The survival rate ranged from 83.7 to 90.22% for ESPS; however, it was 21.74% for CSPS. Significant differences were observed for almost all traits measured in ESPS (April) compared to CSPS (June) apart from fresh root weight and lateral root number. An average increase in flowering time of 9 days was observed in CSPS compared to ESPS. On the other hand, several traits showed a significant mean decrease in CSPS compared to ESPS as plant height by 41.96%, seed weight by 74.7%, harvest index by 73.3%, pod number by 65.2%, and seed number by 64.9%. The means for root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, maximum root length, and lateral root numbers are shown in Table 2 for both ESPS and CSPS. The results indicated an average decrease of 40.4% in root fresh weight, of 70.2% in root dry weight, of 68.1% in shoot fresh weight, of 80.1% in shoot dry weight, and of 83.3% in maximum root length in CSPS compared to ESPS. However, lateral root numbers increased by an average of 12.7% in CSPS compared to ESPS. Therefore, CSPS may not be appropriate for soybean at least in NC Sandhills.
Diversity of Salt Tolerance During Germination in Medicago ciliaris (L.) and Medicago polymorpha (L.)
Authors: Khalil Chérifi , Boufous ElHoussein , El Mousadik Abdelhamid
Published: June 2019

Variability of salt tolerance in eight wild populations of two annual Medicago species (Medicago ciliaris and Medicago polymorpha) was evaluated at germination stage using tree treatments of salinity: 50, 100 and 150 mM of NaCl. Results showed that germination is clearly affected by high salt stress; their germination rate doesn’t exceed 7% at 150 mM. The greatest variability in tolerance was observed at moderate salt stress (50 mM of NaCl) and the decrease in germination seems to be more accentuated in Medicago polymorpha than Medicago ciliaris. Whereas, the Tunisian population of Medicago ciliaris was the best tolerant in all ecotypes studied in this work. This population prospected on soils affected by salinity, exhibits a particular adaptability to salt environment, at least at this stage in the life cycle. This intra-specific variation in salt tolerance may be used to select genotypes particularly suitable for cultivation on lands relatively affected by salinity. On the other hand, when ungerminated seeds from NaCl treatments were transferred to distilled water, they recovered largely their germination at all the populations studied after only 2 days. This, indicate that the germination inhibition was related to osmotic stress rather than ion toxicity. In addition, seed germination in all populations tended to be extremely rapid than that observed in distilled water which indicate that this pretreatment raises dormancy.
Genetic Structure of Cactus Pear (Opuntia Ficus Indica) in Moroccan Collection
Authors: El Finti Aissam , Belayadi Mohamed , El Boullani Rachida , Msanda Fouad , Amine Serghini Mohammed , El Mousadik Abdelhamid
Published: June 2019

Recently, a large plantation has been established in Morocco, to reduce water and wind erosion, rangeland degradation, sand movement and to enhance the restoration of the vegetation cover. However, this plant material has unknown genetic characterization. In addition, several local classifications and morphological descriptions were used. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity using RAPD markers in a collection of 13 provenances of Moroccan Opuntia ficus indica (L.). Based on 13 random primers, the result showed that the level of diversity (h) and polymorphism varied according to the provenance. A high genetic differentiation was found between the provenances (Gst = 0.29), thus some loci were characteristic of certain provenances. These results can be used to characterize genetic resources of Morocco cactus pear, and to initiate a program of genetic improvement and selection.
Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) that Underlie SCN Resistance in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] PI438489B by ‘Hamilton’ Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) Population
Authors: Abdelmajid Kassem My , Ramos Laura , Hyten David , Bond Jason , Bendahmane Abdelhafid , Arelli Prakash R. , Njiti Victor N. , Cianzio Silvia , Kantartzi Stella K. , Meksem Khalid
Published: June 2019

Soybean cyst nematode caused by Heterodera glycines Ichinohe is the most devastating pest in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Resistance to SCN is complex, polygenic, race and cultivar specific, and it is controlled by several quantitative trait loci (QTL). Our objective was to identify and map QTL for SCN resistance to races 3 (HG Type 0) and 5 (HG Type 2.5.7) using a high density SNP-based genetic linkage map based on the PI438489B by ‘Hamilton’ (PIxH, n=50) recombinant inbred line population. The PI438489B by Hamilton map contained 648 SNPs distributed on 31 LGs with coverage of 1,524.7 cM and an average distance of 2.35 cM between two markers (Kassem et al., 2011). Using interval mapping (IM) and composite interval mapping (CIM), eight QTL were identified for SCN resistance to races 3 and 5 on 7 different soybean chromosomes. Four QTL for resistance to SCN race 3 were identified and mapped on chromosomes 7, 13, 15, and 16. Similarly, four QTL for resistance to SCN race 5 were identified and mapped on chromosomes 5, 8, and 11. The QTL identified here will be highly beneficial in breeding programs to develop cultivars with resistance to both SCN races 3 and 5.
Study of Factors Affecting Students’ Performance in three Science Classes: General Biology, Botany, and Microbiology at Fayetteville State University
Authors: K. Kantartzi Stella , Allen Sherrice , Lodhi Khalid , L. Grier IV Robert , Kassem My Abdelmajid
Published: June 2019

Several studies have reported the effects of class time on overall students’ performances, but there are just few on the influence of factors as absences, gender, class section, class difficulty or semester. The objectives of this study were to an- alyze the effects of the above mentioned factors (absences, class time, gender, class difficulty and semester) on college students’ performance in three science classes: Principles of Biology (BIOL 150), General Botany (BOTN 210), and Micro- biology & Immunology (BIOL 330) over a period of 3 years. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for absences showed signifi- cant differences for the number of those between the differ- ent semesters (fall, spring, and summer) and that students tend to miss more classes  (P>0.05) during fall and spring than summer semesters. Gender (P>0.3515) and class sec- tion (P>0.0608) do not seem to significantly affect the aver- age grades in general biology and microbiology. Regarding gender, significant differences were observed in BOTN 210 between females and males average grades. Females tend to do better than males at least in this class. There was a moderate but strongly significant negative correlation (-0.59, P>0.0001***) between the average grades and the number of absences in almost all classes. ANOVA also showed sig- nificant differences for the average grades between the differ- ent class times at P>0.0020*. The Tukey-Kramer test revealed that students perform better in morning classes compared to afternoon classes. The class time plays a significant role in the number of absences as well. Analysis showed that the most “convenient” time for students is late morning or after noon given that they tend to result in fewer absences. In ad- dition, students tend to receive better grades in BOTN 210 that they do in BIOL 330 and BIOL 150 (Means 77.33, 69.42, and 67.82, respectively) which can be justified by the fact that the latter two are more intense than the first. Overall, absences are the only factor among those studied (absences, gender, class section, class difficulty and semester) that seem to affect student’s grades negatively in all three classes (BIOL 150, BOTN 210 and BIOL 330). Typically, factors such as gen- der, and class section do not have any effect on students’ performance. Results for class time show that students may perform better in morning or evening classes. In other cases time does not play any significant role to efficiency.
The Role of the Undergraduate Student in Teaching and Learning Biology
Authors: L. Hufford Terry L. Hufford
Published: June 2019

The possible roles of the undergraduate student as instruc- tor and colleague in the teaching of undergraduate biol- ogy are discussed. These roles include laboratory UTA, peer instructor, collaborative group facilitator, tutor, learning fa- cilitator, and associate in learning and teaching. The latter role involves the undergraduate student in course development and design
Impact of Ergot Infested Sorghum on the Reproductive Performance of Sows
Authors: Abdelrahim Gamal M. , Richardson R. C. , Gueye A.
Published: June 2019

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three levels of ergot infested sorghum (EIS ; 0 ,5 and 10% of diet DM) in the diets offered for sows during two reproductive cycles on total live born pigs and weight (LBP; WLBP), survival at 28 days, weight gain at day 28 and 56 (S- 28 d;W-28; W- 56), sows feed intake and weight change during lactation (LFI; LWC), and finally weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI). The EIS contained 235 mg/kg total alkaloids (77% as dihydroergosine “DHES”). During an initial test parity period (1st period) and subsequent test parity period (2nd period) eighteen later-parity sows were fed 3 treatments consisting of a sorghum-based control diets mixed with 1) 0%; 2) 5% or 3) 10% EIS (diet DM basis). An increase in WLBP was observed when 5 and 10% EIS was included in the 2nd period’s diets, although LFI was reduced when EIS was included in that period’s diets. Although W-28 d was not affected when 10% EIS was included in the 1st and 2nd periods’ diets and when W-28 d data of the two periods were combined, piglets W-28 was reduced when 5% EIS was included in the 1st period’s diets and when W-28 d data of the two periods were combined. Although treatment diets did not impact WEI of pigs in the 2nd period, and no response was recorded when 5% EIS was included in sows’ diets during the 1st period, the inclusion of 10% EIS had decreased the WEI during the 1st period.
Influence of Feeding Peanut Skins on Performance of Gulf Coast Ewe Lambs
Authors: Abdelrahim Gamal M. , Khatiwada J. , Rankins D. , Gurung N. , Gueye A.
Published: June 2019

The effects of varying levels of dietary peanut skins (PS) inclusion on dry matter intake (DMI), growth, and carcass characteristics of lambs was assessed in 135-d feeding trial. We hypothesized that supplementing lambs’ diet with increasing levels of PS would increase DMI, enhance body growth, and impact carcass characteristics. Thus, the overall objective of the study was to gain a thorough understanding of the feeding value of PS to lambs. Twelve Gulf Coast ewe lambs (27.75 ± 0.93 kg initial body weight (BW) and 7 to 8 months of age) were blocked by BW and were randomly assigned within block to 1 of the 3 dietary treatments. Lambs were grouped in 2 pens per treatment (2 lambs/pen; n = 4/dietary treatment) with pen serving as the experimental unit. Lambs were fed dietary treatments containing 0 (control), 20, or 40% PS (DM basis) as a replacement for corn and SBM. Control diet contained dry-rolled corn, SBM, and fescue/Bermuda grass hay at forage to concentrate ratio of 63:37. All diets were formulated to meet or exceed the NRC requirements of the finishing lambs. At the end of the feeding trial, lambs were slaughtered, and carcass data were collected after a 48-h chill. Dry matter intake and final BW were not different among treatments (P >0.05). Also, no differences were observed in hot carcass weight (HCW; P = 0.57), cold carcass weight (CCW; P = 0.24), body wall fat (P = 0.06), 12th rib fat (P = 0.10), and kidney and pelvic fat (K&P fat; P = 0.65) among treatments. However, rib eye area (REA) was greater (P < 0.01) in lambs fed 0% and 20% PS than in lambs fed 40% PS. These results suggest that PS can replace a portion of corn and SBM commonly fed to lambs without any adverse effects on carcass characteristics or lambs performance. Thus, PS needs to be seriously considered as a potential low-cost feedstuff for ruminants.
On -Quasi Irresolute Functions
Authors: Janaki C. , Pandya Ganes M.
Published: June 2019

In this paper we introduce a new class of functions called -quasi irresolute functions. The notion of -quasi graphs are introduced and the relationship between -quasi irresolute functions and -quasi closed graphs is analysed.

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification : 54C08, 54C10.
Topology Between Two Sets
Authors: Jothi S. Nithyanantha , Thangavelu P.
Published: June 2019

The aim of this paper is to introduce a single structure which carries the subsets of X as well as the subsets of Y for studying the information about the ordered pair (A, B) of subsets of X and Y. Such a structure is called a binary structure from X to Y. Mathematically a binary structure from X to Y is defined as a set of ordered pairs (A, B) where AX and BY. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new topology between two sets called a binary topology and investigate its basic properties where a binary topology from X to Y is a binary structure satisfying certain axioms that are analogous to the axioms of topology.

MSC 2010: 54A05, 54A99.
On Tomography with Unknown Orientation
Authors: Hjouj Fawaz
Published: June 2019

We consider the two-dimensional parallel beam Tomography problem in which both the object being imaged and the projection directions are unknown. The angles of projections need not to be uniformly distributed. Our solution combines two known approaches: the Geometric Moment and the Graph Laplacian. After sorting the projections using the Graph Laplacian method we create a one to one moment function of the angles. We then solve for each angle uniquely.
A SNP-Based Genetic Linkage Map of Soybean Using the SoySNP6K Illumina Infinium BeadChip Genotyping Array
Authors: Akond Masum , Liu Shiming , Schoener Lauren , Anderson James A. , Kantartzi Stella K. , Meksem Khalid , Song Qijian , Wang Dechun , Wen Zixiang , Lightfoot David A. , Kassem My Abdelmajid
Published: June 2019

This study reports a high density genetic linkage map based on the ‘Maryland 96-5722’ by ‘Spencer’ recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and constructed exclusively with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The Illumina Infinium SoySNP6K BeadChip genotyping array produced 5,376 SNPs in the mapping population, with a 96.75% success rate. Significant level of goodness-of-fit for each locus was tested based on the observed vs. expected ratio (1:1). Out of 5,376 markers, 1,465 SNPs fit the 1:1 segregation rate having ≤20% missing data plus heterozygosity among the RILs. Among this 1,456 just 657 were polymorphic between the parents DNAs tested. These 657 SNPs were mapped using the JoinMap 4.0 software and 550 SNPs were distributed on 16 linkage groups (LGs) among the 20 chromosomes of the soybean genome. The total map length was just 201.57 centiMorgans (cM) with an average marker density of 0.37 cM. This is one of the high density SNP-based genetic linkage maps of soybean that will be used by the scientific community to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) and identify candidate genes for important agronomic traits in soybean.
The extreme drought of 1842 in Europe as described by both documentary data and instrumental measurements
Authors: Brázdil Rudolf , Demarée Gaston R. , Kiss Andrea , Dobrovolný Petr , Chromá Kateřina , Trnka Miroslav , Dolák Lukáš , Řezníčková Ladislava , Zahradníček Pavel , Limanowka Danuta , Jourdain Sylvie
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Extreme droughts are weather phenomena of considerable importance, involving significant environmental and societal impacts. While those that have occurred in the comparatively recent period of instrumental measurement are identified and dated on the basis of systematic, machine-standardised meteorological and hydrological observations, droughts that took place in the pre-instrumental period are usually described only through the medium of documentary evidence. The extreme drought of 1842 in Europe presents a case in which information from documentary data can be combined with systematic instrumental observations. Seasonal, gridded European precipitation totals are used herein to describe general DJF, MAM and JJA precipitation patterns. Annual variations in monthly temperatures and precipitation at individual stations are expressed with respect to a 1961–1990 reference period, supplemented by calculation of selected drought indices (SPI-1, SPEI-1 and Z-index). The mean circulation patterns during the driest months are elucidated by means of SLP maps, NAO and CEZI indices. Generally drier patterns in 1842 prevailed in January–February and at various intensities between April and August. The driest patterns in 1842 occurred in a broad zonal belt extending from France to eastern central Europe. A range of documentary data is used to describe the peculiarities of agricultural, hydrological and socio-economic droughts, with particular attention to environmental and societal impacts and human responses to them. Although overall grain yields were not very strongly influenced, a particularly bad hay harvest, no aftermath (hay from a second cut), and low potato yields led to severe problems, especially for those who raised cattle. Finally, the 1842 drought is discussed in terms of long-term drought variability, European tree-ring-based scPDSI reconstruction, and the broader context of societal impacts.
Estimating the disequilibrium in denudation rates due to divide
migration at the scale of river basins
Authors: Sassolas-Serrayet Timothée , Cattin Rodolphe , Ferry Matthieu , Godard Vincent , Simoes Martine
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Basin-averaged denudation rates may locally exhibit a wide dispersion, even in areas where the topographic steady state is supposedly achieved regionally. This dispersion is often attributed to the accuracy of the data or to some degree of natural variability of the signal, but it can also be attributed to stochastic processes such as landsliding. Another physical explanation to this dispersion is that of local and transient disequilibrium between tectonic forcing and erosion at the scale of catchments. Recent works have shown that divide migration can potentially induce such perturbations and they propose reliable metrics to assess divide mobility based on cross-divide contrasts in headwater topographic features. Here, we use a set of landscape evolution models assuming spatially uniform uplift, rock strength and rainfall to assess the effect of divide mobility on basin-wide denudation rates. We propose the use of basin-averaged aggressivity metrics based on cross-divide contrasts in channel-head χ, in local slope and in elevation. From our simulations, we show that the metric based on differences in channel-head elevations across divides is the least reliable to diagnose local disequilibrium. For the other metrics, our results suggest a nonlinear relationship with the ratio of basin denudation to uplift, which can reach up to a factor of two, regardless of the imposed uplift rate, diffusivity coefficient and critical hillslope gradient. A comparison with field observations in the Great Smoky Mountains (southern Appalachians, USA) underlines the difficulty of using the metric based on χ, which depends on the – poorly constrained – elevation of the outlet of the investigated catchment. Regardless of the considered metrics, we show that observed dispersion is controlled by catchment size: a smaller basin may be more sensitive to divide migration and hence to disequilibrium. Our results thus highlight the relevance of divide stability analysis from digital elevation models as a fundamental preliminary step for basin-wide denudation rate studies based on cosmogenic radionuclide concentrations.
Creating HiRISE digital elevation models for Mars using the open-source Ames Stereo Pipeline
Authors: Hepburn Adam J. , Holt Tom , Hubbard Bryn , Ng Felix
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The present availability of sub-decametre digital elevation models on Mars – crucial for the study of surface processes – is scarce. In contrast to the globally-available but low-resolution datasets, such models enable the study of landforms  3000 stereo pairs at 25 cm/pixel resolution, enabling the creation of high-resolution digital elevation models (1–2 m/pixel). However, only ~ 500 of these pairs have been processed and made publicly available to date. Existing pipelines for the production of digital elevation models from stereo-pairs, however, are built upon commercial software, rely upon sparsely-available intermediate data, or are reliant on proprietary algorithms. Here, we present and test the output of a new pipeline for producing digital elevation models from HiRISE stereo pairs that is built entirely upon the open source NASA Ames Stereo Pipeline photogrammetric software, making use of freely available data for cartographic rectification. This pipeline is implemented here on a research computing cluster, but can also be used on consumer-grade UNIX computers. The four output digital elevation models produced using the pipeline presented here are globally well-registered, with accuracy similar to those of multiple digital elevation models produced elsewhere.
Sea ice volume variability and water temperature in the Greenland Sea
Authors: Selyuzhenok Valeria , Bashmachnikov Igor , Ricker Robert , Vesman Anna , Bobylev Leonid
Published: June 2019

Abstract. This study explores a link between the long-term variations in the integral sea ice volume (SIV) in the Greenland Sea and oceanic processes. Using Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modelling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS, 1979–2016), we show that the negative tendencies in SIV go in parallel with the increasing ice flux through the Fram Strait. The overall SIV loss in the Greenland Sea comprises 113 km3 per decade, while the total SIV import through the Fram strait is increasing by 115 km3 per decade. An analysis of the ocean temperature and the mixed layer depth (MLD) in the marginal sea ice zone (MIZ), based on ARMOR data-set (1993–2016), revealed doubling of the amount of the upper ocean heat content available for the ice melt in the MIZ. This increase over the 24-year period can solely explain the SIV loss in the Greenland Sea, even when accounting for the increasing SIV flux from the Arctic. The increase in the ocean heat content is found to be linked to an increase in the temperature of the Atlantic water in the Nordic seas, following an increase of ocean heat flux form the subtropical North Atlantic. We argue that the predominantly positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index during the four recent decades, together with the intensification of the deep convection in the Greenland Sea, are responsible for the overall intensification of the circulation in the Nordic seas, which explains the observed long-term variations of the SIV.
Llámame Rey Bolllero. Los talleres Drag King desde las voces del activismo lesbiano y queer español
Authors: Penna Tosso Melani , Moreno Sáinz-Ezquerra Yera
Published: June 2019

Los talleres Drag King son actos revolucionarios del lesbianismo feminista queer. Desde su surgimiento en los años ochenta se han asociado con las prácticas de resistencia, creación y difusión de los saberes lesbianos articulados en torno al género. El presente artículo aporta a la memoria colectiva un posible diseño de taller Drag King, y su potencialidad política, desde la visión que de los mismos tienen las lesbianas feministas queer españolas. La investigación para el diseño del taller se realizó empleando una metodología cualitativa. Se hicieron entrevistas individuales a seis personas con experiencias en los talleres drag desde su posiciones de talleristas o facilitadoras, participantes y/o ayudantes. El análisis de los testimonios personales de las protagonistas permitió estructurar un posible modelo de taller Drag King especificando objetivos, contenidos, metodología y evaluación. La propuesta diseñada, a partir de la investigación planteada, pretende contribuir al registro y la articulación de discursos y saberes en torno a las prácticas lesbianas y queer en el estado español.
Los fondos de Lidia Falcón: un archivo para la historia del movimiento feminista desde los 60
Authors: Jareño Gila Claudia
Published: June 2019

Uno de los mayores retos de la historia de las luchas por los derechos de las mujeres es la recuperación y la conservación de los documentos generados por las asociaciones, colectivos e individualidades que conformaron el Movimiento Feminista durante la transición. En este artículo, con el objetivo de dar a conocer una parte de su documentación, se presenta los fondos de Lidia Falcón así como del Partido Feminista y el Club Vindicación Feminista depositados en el Archivo Nacional de Cataluña. Este conjunto alberga toda la documentación gestada en los múltiples proyectos fomentados por Falcón -abogada, escritora, periodista pero también dramaturga e infatigable militante feminista-, entre los que destaca la publicación de dos revistas: Vindicación Feminista y Poder y Libertad, así como la fundación del Partido Feminista de España. En este sentido, la diversidad y el volumen de la documentación hacen de estos fondos unos de los más importantes para el estudio y la reconstrucción de la historia del movimiento feminista contemporáneo en el Estado español.
Violencia obstétrica. La perspectiva de mujeres que la han sufrido
Authors: Cifre Rosa Llobera
Published: June 2019

La violencia obstétrica supone un trato deshumanizado, una intervención desproporcionadae inexorablemente medicalizada del proceso natural de embarazo, parto y puerperio, que vulnera losderechos de las mujeres y afecta a su salud. Es un concepto novedoso, de un viejo problema, que seconforma a partir de la violencia machista y la violencia institucional. Este trabajo explora las vivenciasde violencia obstétrica desde la perspectiva de aquellas mujeres que la han sufrido. Con ese fin, se hanrealizado 12 entrevistas semi-estructuradas con un enfoque fenomenológico.Los resultados indican que el trato deshumanizado, irrespetuoso, jerarquizado, y la atención insuficientefue la base de la violencia obstétrica sufrida. A pesar de existir recomendaciones de organismos estatalese internacionales se siguen realizando prácticas clínicas injustificables. El entorno sanitario inadecuadotampoco favorece el desarrollo fisiológico de los procesos obstétricos. La vulneración del derecho deautonomía e información es fuente del malestar descrito por las entrevistadas. La toma de concienciade sus derechos y su actitud reivindicativa nace de la violencia obstétrica y de compartir posteriormentela vivencia con otras mujeres. Las entrevistadas muestran tener capacidad de agencia, pero no siemprepueden hacer efectivas sus decisiones debido al contexto institucional. En conclusión, la violenciaobstétrica en todas sus dimensiones afecta negativamente las experiencias y las emociones relacionadascon los procesos de salud reproductiva. Este estudio pretende dar a conocer la percepción y opiniónde las mujeres que han sufrido violencia en los servicios obstétricos y el impacto que ha tenido en susvidas.
Abriendo brechas en la heterocirculación de las mujeres, entre racismo y lesbonacionalismo: algunas experiencias lésbico-feministas en Francia
Authors: Falquet Jules
Published: June 2019

Este artículo propone visibilizar y volver a leer al cabo de casi veinte años, algunasexperiencias de lesbianas feministas racializadas y blancas, a partir del final de los años 90, frenteal racismo del movimiento lésbico, y luego frente al endurecimiento nacionalista de las políticasmigratorias francesas, apoyándose en el concepto de homonacionalismo que aparece en 2007 bajo lapluma de Puar. Parte de la experiencia personal de la autora, que se dedicó como activista a la vez quecomo académica, al tema del género y del lesbianismo en migración, y fue parte de varias iniciativaspioneras en el campo, sobre las cuales propone una mirada reflexiva apoyada en un análisis retrospectivode la coyuntura política nacional. En una reflexión epistemológica que valora la importancia del puntode vista situado, y subraya también el papel central de algunas lesbianas racializadas y proletarizadas,tanto en las luchas como en los análisis.El articulo distingue un primer periodo, entre 1999 y 2004, en que predomina la denuncia del racismodentro del propio movimiento lésbico, por un grupo de lesbianas racializadas que defiende firmemente,por primera vez, la organización autónoma, es decir no-mixidad de raza. Entre 2005 y 2010, se daun giro hacia luchas contra el heterosexismo de las políticas migratorias, que se hacen cada vez másrestrictivas, y se empieza a visibilizar la migración de las lesbianas, a través de iniciativas más bienmixtas y, en parte, universitarias. Finalmente, la autora vuelve sobre el concepto de homonacionalismo,y propone para describir la situación actual y el accionar de los nuevos grupos, los conceptos deheterocirculación de las mujeres y de lesbonacionalismo.
La representación de la mujer en los manuales escolares de la Segunda República y del primer Franquismo (1931-1945)
Authors: Martínez Pose Beatriz
Published: June 2019

En el presente artículo se expone un estudio sobre la educación de la mujer en dos etapas de la Historia de España: la Segunda República y los primeros años de la Dictadura Franquista. Con esta investigación se pretende analizar los modelos educativos  que existían en estos dos momentos históricos y confrontarlos, para dilucidar si hubo diferencias relativas a la imagen de la mujer frente a la del hombre y sus respectivos roles en la sociedad. Este estudio se lleva a cabo a través de la metodología histórico-educativa con perspectiva de género. Las fuentes primarias consultadas son manuales escolares editados entre 1931 y 1945 que permiten el análisis de los diferentes discursos en la educación  y representación de la mujer, a través de las siguientes categorías: ámbito doméstico, social, profesional y político. Además, se realiza una aproximación al estudio de los adjetivos que, con más frecuencia, aparecen atribuidos a cada sexo en los textos escolares.  Pese a los avances que trajo consigo la República con respecto a los derechos y libertades de las mujeres, los manuales escolares no muestran, en algunos ámbitos, diferencias significativas entre ambos periodos. El entorno doméstico es presentado como el lugar al que estaba destinada la mujer y las tareas domésticas como una obligación exclusivamente femenina.
Propuestas bioéticas frente a los problemas sociales y éticos que generan las enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas
Authors: Saenz Valeri , Mazzanti di Ruggiero Maria de Los Angeles
Published: June 2019

Este artículo de revisión se centra en el tema de las enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas (EID), grupo de 18 patologías de carácter incapacitante, a veces mortales y frecuentemente deformantes, que prevalecen en poblaciones de Asia, África y en las zonas tropicales de Sur América. Mediante una revisión bibliográfica se plantean los elementos que se relacionan con estas enfermedades, se categorizan y se analizan a la luz de la Declaración Universal sobre Bioética y Derechos Humanos de 2005, en cuanto a igualdad, justicia y equidad, el enfoque de no discriminación y estigmatización, responsabilidad social y salud. A lo largo de la revisión se concluye que la problemática alrededor de las EID es multifactorial y se presentan propuestas, desde una mirada de la bioética centrada en el respeto por la dignidad de la persona y de las poblaciones afectadas, para mitigar y solucionar la atención a partir de estrategias posibles que aborden determinantes sociales. Se propone incluir la bioética en el debate sobre la atención de las EID para analizar los problemas y examinar soluciones por medio de proyectos de investigación transdisciplinaria que impliquen un trabajo colaborativo y formativo entre las comunidades afectadas, entidades gubernamentales y profesionales de la salud y de las ciencias veterinarias.
Dance of the “Polluted”: Performance, Religion, and Culture in Thullal
Authors: .B Arundhathi
Published: June 2019

This essay attempts to study one important moment of transformation in the performance tradition of premodern Kerala, the southernmost state of India. It analyzes Thullal, a performance form invented by the eighteenth-century poet-performer Kunchan Nambiar, who created a rupture in the Sanskrit literary and performance culture of Kerala. Nambiar, belonging to a temple-serving upper caste, brought together performance meters and modes of lower caste artforms and the content of the Sanskrit Puranas. Nambiar produced three types of Thullal: Ottan, Parayan, and Sheethankan, named after three “polluting” castes that were not allowed in the proximity of temples. This work argues that Thullal performance deliberately challenged existing cultural hierarchies. It attempts to study how power and performance did or did not condition each other.
Ownership Reform, State Ownership, Corporate Governance, and Agency Costs: The Case of Chinese Listed Companies
Authors: Vijayakumaran Ratnam
Published: June 2019

The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of 2005-ownership reform and state ownership on the linkages between corporate governance mechanisms and agency costs for Chinese listed firms. Based on a large panel of Chinese listed firms, we find that following the reform managerial ownership, institutional shareholdings and debt financing have emerged as effective governance mechanisms to reduce agency costs only for private-controlled firms in the post reform period. Therefore, our study concludes that the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanisms differ between state and private controlled firms and state ownership still hinders effectiveness of governance mechanisms among Chinese listed firms. This study contributes to the literature on the implications of ownership reform and state ownership for corporate governance and agency costs at the firm level in transition economies.