bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis after zooming in: A multilabel classification model by imitating doctor reading habits to diagnose brain diseases
Authors: Wang Ruiqian , Fu Guanghui , Li Jianqiang , Pei Yan
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Computed tomography (CT) has the advantages of being low cost and noninvasive and is a primary diagnostic method for brain diseases. However, it is a challenge for junior radiologists to diagnose CT images accurately and comprehensively. It is necessary to build a system that can help doctors diagnose and provide an explanation of the predictions. Despite the success of deep learning algorithms in the field of medical image analysis, the task of brain disease classification still faces challenges: Researchers lack attention to complex manual labeling requirements and the incompleteness of prediction explanations. More importantly, most studies only measure the performance of the algorithm, but do not measure the effectiveness of the algorithm in the actual diagnosis of doctors.

Methods

In this paper, we propose a model called DrCT2 that can detect brain diseases without using image‐level labels and provide a more comprehensive explanation at both the slice and sequence levels. This model achieves reliable performance by imitating human expert reading habits: targeted scaling of primary images from the full slice scans and observation of suspicious lesions for diagnosis. We evaluated our model on two open‐access data sets: CQ500 and the RSNA Intracranial Hemorrhage Detection Challenge. In addition, we defined three tasks to comprehensively evaluate model interpretability by measuring whether the algorithm can select key images with lesions. To verify the algorithm from the perspective of practical application, three junior radiologists were invited to participate in the experiments, comparing the effects before and after human–computer cooperation in different aspects.

Results

The method achieved F1‐scores of 0.9370 on CQ500 and 0.8700 on the RSNA data set. The results show that our model has good interpretability under the premise of good performance. Human radiologist evaluation experiments have proven that our model can effectively improve the accuracy of the diagnosis and improve efficiency.

Conclusions

We proposed a model that can simultaneously detect multiple brain diseases. The report generated by the model can assist doctors in avoiding missed diagnoses, and it has good clinical application value.
Physiological stress reactivity in pediatric cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy
Authors: White Gillian W. , Rhind Shawn G. , Nathan Paul C. , Caterini Jessica E. , Jones Heather NP , Wells Greg D.
Published: July 2022

Children who experience early life stress demonstrate changes to their stress responses, which may modulate long‐term health. Childhood cancer presents significant stress during diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. We hypothesized that children who have completed chemotherapy treatment for ALL will demonstrate altered hormone patterns in response to a stressor compared with healthy controls. Twelve pediatric ALL survivors and 12 healthy controls completed the Trier Social Stress Test. Salivary samples, heart rate, and self‐report ratings of stress were collected at baseline, pretest, and posttest. Between group comparison showed baseline (interleukin [IL]‐8) was significantly higher in the survivor group versus controls (survivors: 89.9, 40.1–544.9 pg ml–1; controls: 30.7, 5.6–241.9 pg ml–1, p = .001) as was peak (IL‐8) (survivors: 147.1, 71.6–1177.6 pg ml–1; controls: 75.5, 28.6–698.6 pg ml–1). Peak salivary alpha‐amylase (sAA) concentration was significantly lower in the survivor group (survivors: 69.3, 19.4–195.5 U ml–1; controls: 91.2, 27.7–213.7 U ml–1; p = .04). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects for time on cortisol (F(2.35, 50.81) = 5.9, p < .01), sAA (F(1.56, 33.17) = 6.6, p < .01), stress ratings (F(3.42, 88.14) = 53.4, p < .001), and heart rate (F(8, 83) = 16.8, p < .05). Significant main effects for group were observed for IL‐8 (F(1, 23) = 8.2, p < .01) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (F(1, 23) = 6.8, p < .05). Significant interaction effects for group × time were found for sAA (F(5, 106) = 2.8, p < .05). Our results indicate that childhood ALL survivors have similar responses to stress as healthy controls, but lower sympatho–adrenal–medullary reactivity. Therefore, altered stress regulation may present a pathway modulating long‐term health in this population.
“My Name Is Sally Brown, and I Hate School!”: A retrospective study of school liking among conventional and Montessori school alumni
Authors: Snyder Allyson , LeBoeuf Lee , Lillard Angeline S.
Published: July 2022

School liking shows clear associations with academic success, yet we know little about how it changes over levels of schooling, what predicts liking school at each level, or how attending alternative schools like Montessori might impact liking. To better understand school liking across time and education settings, we surveyed adults about how much they remember liking elementary, middle, and high school, and identified key school features that predicted higher school liking at each level. Because Montessori schools have many features that other literature suggests predict higher school liking, we purposely sampled Montessori alumni as well, and compared their schools' features for elementary school only (due to sample size). Moreover, we collected open‐ended responses about what participants in both conventional and Montessori liked least about school, revealing what features of their school experiences might have led to less overall school liking. The unique contributions of this study are (1) showing how a wide range of school features predict recalled school liking, (2) examining data for all school levels using a single sample of participants, and (3) comparing recalled school liking and its predictors across conventional and Montessori schools. The sample included 630 adults, of whom 436 were conventional school alumni and 187 were Montessori alumni (7 participants did not report school type). Participants' mean age was 35.8 years (SD = 10.53, range = 19–77), and 53% were female. Participants were recruited online, and they responded to Qualtrics surveys about school liking, school features, and their demographics. School liking overall was tepid, and was highest in elementary and lowest in middle school. For all participants, recalling a sense of community and interest in schoolwork were most strongly associated with school liking. Adults who attended schools which emphasized studying topics of personal interest and rewards for positive behavior also liked school more. Montessori school alumni reported higher school liking and that learning was what they liked most about school; by contrast, conventional school alumni most liked seeing friends. Levels of school liking, as recalled by adults, are low overall, but are higher in elementary school and higher amongst those who recall their schools as having stronger community, catering more to student interest, and rewarding positive behavior. In addition, school liking was higher among people who attended Montessori schools. Further research could extend to a cross‐sectional study of children currently enrolled in different types of schools.
Exploring the associations between psychodynamic constructs and psychopathology: A network approach
Authors: Vierl Larissa , Juen Florian , Benecke Cord , Hörz‐Sagstetter Susanne
Published: July 2022

Psychodynamic therapy effectively reduces symptomatology by focusing on underlying (unconscious) processes instead of symptoms. Nevertheless, the exact interrelationship between psychodynamic constructs and psychopathology remains unclear. This study uses network analysis to explore these associations.

We computed a cross‐sectional partial correlation network between psychodynamic constructs (i.e., personality functioning, interpersonal relations, and active and passive modes of intrapsychic conflicts according to the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics [OPD] system) and psychopathology (i.e., depression and somatization) in a naturalistic sample of 341 adults registering for psychodynamic outpatient therapy. We estimated node centrality, node predictability, and bridge symptoms and used community detection analysis. Bootstrap methods were applied to assess network stability.

Psychodynamic constructs and psychopathology resulted in separate but connected clusters. Personality functioning emerged as the most influential node in the network and was bridging the clusters. The network was found to be highly stable, allowing reliable interpretations.

The results offer important insights on how psychodynamic constructs relate to psychopathology, which can be used to inform treatment approaches. The findings suggest that personality functioning may be an important intervention target. However, future research is needed to include a broader range of diagnoses. In addition, longitudinal studies may clarify the direction of causality.
Phylogeny, character evolution and biogeography of the genus Sclerophylax (Solanaceae)
Authors: Chiarini Franco E. , Deanna Rocío , Bohs Lynn
Published: July 2022

The genus Sclerophylax (Atropina clade, Solanaceae) has 14 species recognized to date, all except two endemic to Argentina. To clarify its phylogenetic relationships, molecular sequence data from the trnL‐trnF and the rpl32F‐trnL intergenic spacer regions, the waxy gene and the ITS region were employed in maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. Divergence times were estimated for the combined dataset using secondary calibrations. Ancestral distribution areas were reconstructed by Bayesian binary analyses and seven morphological traits (one continuous, six discrete) were traced. Sclerophylax is monophyletic and its sister clade is Lycium + Nolana. Sclerophylax is divided into S. sect. Caducifructus (1 sp.) and the monophyletic sect. Sclerophylax (11 spp.). Sclerophylax sect. Sclerophylax includes five well‐supported clades that are also supported by morphological synapomorphies; circumscription of some species remains uncertain, probably as a result of rapid diversifications, but four lineages are recognized by a combination of morphological traits. The ancestor of Sclerophylax was an annual, procumbent/decumbent plant with rhomboidal leaves and sessile, persistent, 2–3‐seeded fruits. The most variable traits were leaf shape and life form, while flower size was shown to be highly informative in diagnosing clades within Sclerophylax. The area of origin for Sclerophylax was the Prepuna biogeographical province, from which it has spread in recent geological times. A total of 12 species are recognized in Sclerophylax, with an updated synonymy, lectotypifications, and re‐circumscriptions provided.
Increasing engagement of Hispanics/Latinos in clinical trials on Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Authors: Marquez David X. , Perez Adriana , Johnson Julene K. , Jaldin Michelle , Pinto Juan , Keiser Sahru , Tran Thi , Martinez Paula , Guerrero Javier , Portacolone Elena
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Despite evidence that Hispanic/Latino populations are 1.5 times more likely than non‐Latino Whites to develop Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), Latinos are underrepresented in clinical trials testing treatments for ADRD. Data are needed on facilitators of ADRD clinical trial participation in Latinos. We leveraged in‐depth qualitative methods to elucidate barriers and facilitators to participating in ADRD clinical trials in a large and diverse sample of Latinos; and to provide timely and actionable strategies to accelerate representation of Latinos in clinical trials on ADRD.

Methods

Data were collected in California between January 2019 and June 2020 from 25 focus groups (FGs): eight with Latino adults ages 18 to 49 (n = 54), nine with Latino adults ages 50+ (n = 75), and eight with caregivers of Latino older adults with ADRD (n = 52). Twelve community‐based organization administrators were also interviewed. Transcripts of FGs and interviews were entered into Atlas.ti software. Three independent team members analyzed the transcripts with inductive/deductive qualitative content analysis. We triangulated data from stakeholder groups across sites, we used collaborative coding, and used the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research.

Results

An overarching theme was a tension between wanting to learn more about ADRD and to participate in ADRD research but having limited awareness and opportunity. Five themes were identified: (1) remaining in limbo, (2) wanting information about ADRD, (3) wanting information on research about ADRD, (4) clearing researchers through trusted local organizations, and (5) practicing altruism through engagement in research opportunities.

Discussion

To increase representation of Latino communities in clinical trials on ADRD, bilingual information and education on ADRD and clinical trials needs to be better disseminated. Also, working with trusted local, regional, and national organizations can increase participation. Importantly, Latino participation can increase when research teams demonstrate altruistic actions and inform participants of public health reasons requiring their involvement.

HIGHLIGHTS

Participation in clinical trials on Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) is limited among Latinos/Hispanics.

Knowing the high prevalence of ADRD in Latinos increases willingness to participate.

Observing altruism from researchers increases willingness to participate.

Invitations from multiple organizations increases willingness to participate.

Researchers should include public health reasons requiring Latinos’ involvement.
Using Texts as Mirrors: The Power of Readers Seeing Themselves
Authors: Heineke Amy J. , Papola‐Ellis Aimee , Elliott Joseph
Published: July 2022

In schools across the country and world, students enter classrooms with rich diversity in backgrounds, identities, and experiences. They speak hundreds of different languages, come from countries around the world, espouse nuanced cultural and gender identities, and have an array of abilities and interests. But texts in school and classroom collections continue to reflect the so‐called mainstream with primarily White, English‐dominant, cis‐gendered characters without disabilities. Efforts have emerged on social media to encourage resources with relevance to children's lives, but teachers often struggle to make the case for their use in instruction. In this article, we provide a framework for teachers to incorporate texts to support their unique students, drawing from existing literature and our own research on using texts as mirrors in classrooms.
A physical wind‐turbine wake growth model under different stratified atmospheric conditions
Authors: Du Bowen , Ge Mingwei , Liu Yongqian
Published: July 2022

The wind‐turbine wake growth is crucial for wake assessment. At present, it can only be determined empirically, which is the primary source of prediction errors in the analytical wake model, and a physically‐based method is urgently needed. Recently, the plume model is proposed for wake width prediction in the neutral boundary layer based on Taylor's diffusion theory. However, this model is not applicable for high‐roughness neutral and strongly convective conditions, which is mainly related to the fact that the specified far wake point in the plume model is too close to the virtual wake origin. In this condition, the wake width prediction has evident convex function characteristics, which is inconsistent with the actual linear expansion of wake width. To this end, we propose a coupled model of the plume model and the traditional wake model (CPT model) to calculate the wake growth rate iteratively, thereby obtaining the wake width and velocity deficits in the far‐wake region. The average wake width prediction error decreases from 11.75% to 3.1% in these conditions. Since the wind‐turbine‐induced‐turbulence contribution is dominant in the wake recovery in the very stable boundary layer, both models have low but engineering acceptable prediction accuracy. Except for the above conditions, both the plume and CPT models can predict the wake width well, and their average wake width prediction errors are 2.5% and 1.9%, respectively. This implies that the proposed CPT model has higher prediction accuracy and a broader application range.
Applications of robotics in floating offshore wind farm operations and maintenance: Literature review and trends
Authors: Khalid Omer , Hao Guangbo , Desmond Cian , Macdonald Hamish , McAuliffe Fiona Devoy , Dooly Gerard , Hu Weifei
Published: July 2022

Marine operations required to transfer technicians and equipment represent a significant proportion of the total cost of offshore wind. The profile of sites being considered for floating offshore wind farms (FOWFs), e.g., further from the shore and in harsher environments, indicates that these costs need to be assessed by taking into account the maintenance requirements and restricted weather windows. There is an immediate need to investigate the potential use of robotic systems in the wind farm's operations and maintenance (O&M) activities, to reduce the need for costly manned visits. The use of robotic systems can be critical, not only to replace repetitive activities and bring down the levelised cost of energy but also to reduce the health and safety risks by supporting human operators in performing the desired inspections. This paper provides a review of the state of the art in the applications of robotics for O&M of FOWFs. Emerging technology trends and associated challenges and opportunities are highlighted, followed by an outline of the agenda for future research in this domain.
Computational models for generating microvascular structures: Investigations beyond medical imaging resolution
Authors: Apeldoorn Cameron , Safaei Soroush , Paton Julian , Maso Talou Gonzalo D.
Published: July 2022

Angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and pruning are revascularization processes essential to our natural vascular development and adaptation, as well as central players in the onset and development of pathologies such as tumoral growth and stroke recovery. Computational modeling allows for repeatable experimentation and exploration of these complex biological processes. In this review, we provide an introduction to the biological understanding of the vascular adaptation processes of sprouting angiogenesis, intussusceptive angiogenesis, anastomosis, pruning, and arteriogenesis, discussing some of the more significant contributions made to the computational modeling of these processes. Each computational model represents a theoretical framework for how biology functions, and with rises in computing power and study of the problem these frameworks become more accurate and complete. We highlight physiological, pathological, and technological applications that can be benefit from the advances performed by these models, and we also identify which elements of the biology are underexplored in the current state‐of‐the‐art computational models.

This article is categorized under:

Cancer > Computational Models

Cardiovascular Diseases > Computational Models
NEW REALIZATIONS OF DEFORMED DOUBLE CURRENT ALGEBRAS AND DELIGNE CATEGORIES
Authors: ETINGOF P. , KALINOV D. , RAINS E.
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we propose an alternative construction of a certain class of Deformed Double Current Algebras. We construct them as spherical subalgebras of symplectic reection algebras in the Deligne category. They can also be thought of as ultraproducts of the corresponding spherical subalgebras in finite rank. We also provide new presentations of DDCA of types A and B by generators and relations.
On Morphisms Between Connected Commutative Algebraic Groups over a Field of Characteristic 0
Authors: Dill Gabriel A.
Published: July 2022

Let K be a field of characteristic 0 and let G and H be connected commutative algebraic groups over K. Let Mor0(G,H) denote the set of morphisms of algebraic varieties G → H that map the neutral element to the neutral element. We construct a natural retraction from Mor0(G,H) to Hom(G,H) (for arbitrary G and H) which commutes with the composition and addition of morphisms. In particular, if G and H are isomorphic as algebraic varieties, then they are isomorphic as algebraic groups. If G has no non-trivial unipotent group as a direct factor, we give an explicit description of the sets of all morphisms and isomorphisms of algebraic varieties between G and H. We also characterize all connected commutative algebraic groups over K whose only variety automorphisms are compositions of automorphisms of algebraic groups with translations.
Fit für die Schule? Der Sprachstand 5-jähriger Kinder in Hessen und seine soziodemografischen Korrelate
Authors: Zaretsky Eugen , Lange Benjamin P. , Hey Christiane
Published: July 2022

Hintergrund

Der Sprachstand 5‑jähriger Kinder wird in Hessen nicht systematisch erfasst. Daher liegen keine Angaben zum Anteil sprachauffälliger Kinder in dieser wichtigen Altersgruppe kurz vor der Einschulung vor.

Fragestellung

Die Studie hatte zum Ziel, den Sprachstand 5‑jähriger Kinder zu beschreiben und soziodemografische Faktoren zu untersuchen, die mit sprachpädagogischem Förder- bzw. klinischem Abklärungsbedarf zusammenhängen.

Matherial und Methoden

Es wurden 263 monolingual deutschsprachige (MON) und 645 multilinguale Kitakinder (MULT) im Alter von 5;0–5;11 Jahren bezüglich ihrer Deutschkenntnisse mit dem Kurztest „Kindersprachscreening“ (KiSS.2) untersucht. KiSS.2-Normwerte für Fünfjährige wurden durch das Studienteam entwickelt. Soziodemografische Merkmale der Kinder und ihrer Familien wurden mit KiSS.2-basierten erweiterten Fragebogen für Eltern und KitaerzieherInnen erfasst.

Ergebnisse

Ein Fünftel der MON und über zwei Drittel der MULT zeigten sich in KiSS.2 als sprachlich auffällig, d. h., ihre Ergebnisse lagen unterhalb der Normwerte. Die große Mehrheit der MULT erwies sich als sprachpädagogisch förderbedürftig. Die Anteile klinisch Abklärungsbedürftiger waren bei MON und MULT vergleichbar. Sprachpädagogischer Förderbedarf war mit eingeschränktem Deutsch-Input außerhalb der Kita assoziiert. Unter den Sprachkontaktvariablen waren es ausbleibende sprachliche Äußerungen beim Spielen, an denen sich klinischer Abklärungsbedarf am besten erkennen ließ. Die meisten Sprachauffälligen, v. a. MULT, wurden weder sprachpädagogisch noch -therapeutisch versorgt.

Diskussion

Da MULT mehr als die Hälfte aller hessischen Vorschulkinder ausmachen, kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass kurz vor der Einschulung die meisten hessischen Kinder sprachauffällig bleiben (in der aktuellen Studie 57 %). Es liegen Hinweise auf eine sprachpädagogische und -therapeutische Unterversorgung von 5‑jährigen Kindern, in erster Linie MULT, vor.
Spatial localization of β-unsaturated aldehyde markers in murine diabetic kidney tissue by mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Harkin Carla , Smith Karl W. , MacKay C. Logan , Moore Tara , Brockbank Simon , Ruddock Mark , Cobice Diego F.
Published: July 2022

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Limitations in current diagnosis and screening methods have sparked a search for more specific and conclusive biomarkers. Hyperglycemic conditions generate a plethora of harmful molecules in circulation and within tissues. Oxidative stress generates reactive α-dicarbonyls and β-unsaturated hydroxyhexenals, which react with proteins to form advanced glycation end products. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables the detection and spatial localization of molecules in biological tissue sections. Here, for the first time, the localization and semiquantitative analysis of “reactive aldehydes” (RAs) 4-hydroxyhexenal (4-HHE), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and 4-oxo-2-nonenal (4-ONE) in the kidney tissues of a diabetic mouse model is presented. Ionization efficiency was enhanced through on-tissue chemical derivatization (OTCD) using Girard’s reagent T (GT), forming positively charged hydrazone derivatives. MSI analysis was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) coupled with Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR). RA levels were elevated in diabetic kidney tissues compared to lean controls and localized throughout the kidney sections at a spatial resolution of 100 µm. This was confirmed by liquid extraction surface analysis–MSI (LESA-MSI) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). This method identified β-unsaturated aldehydes as “potential” biomarkers of DN and demonstrated the capability of OTCD-MSI for detection and localization of poorly ionizable molecules by adapting existing chemical derivatization methods. Untargeted exploratory distribution analysis of some precursor lipids was also assessed using MALDI-FT-ICR-MSI.

Graphical abstract
Dimension reduction through gamma convergence for general prestrained thin elastic sheets
Authors: Padilla-Garza David
Published: July 2022

We study thin films with residual strain by analyzing the $$\Gamma -$$

Γ
-

limit of non-Euclidean elastic energy functionals as the material’s thickness tends to 0. We begin by extending prior results (Bhattacharya et al. in Arch Ration Mech Anal 228: 143–181, 2016); (Agostiniani et al. in ESAIM Control Opt Calculus Var 25: 24, 2019); (Lewicka and Lucic in Commun Pure Appl Math 73: 1880–1932, 2018); (Schmidt in J de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées 88: 107–122, 2007) , to a wider class of films, whose prestrain depends on both the midplate and the transversal variables. The ansatz for our $$\Gamma -$$

Γ
-

convergence result uses a specific type of wrinkling, which is built on exotic solutions to the Monge-Ampere equation, constructed via convex integration (Lewicka and Pakzad in Anal PDE 10: 695–727, 2017). We show that the expression for our $$\Gamma -$$

Γ
-

limit has a natural interpretation in terms of the orthogonal projection of the residual strain onto a suitable subspace. We also show that some type of wrinkling phenomenon is necessary to match the lower bound of the $$\Gamma -$$

Γ
-

limit in certain circumstances. These results all assume a prestrain of the same order as the thickness; we also discuss why it is natural to focus on that regime by considering what can happen when the prestrain is larger.
Shape optimization of a thermal insulation problem
Authors: Bucur Dorin , Nahon Mickaël , Nitsch Carlo , Trombetti Cristina
Published: July 2022

We study a shape optimization problem involving a solid$$K\subset {\mathbb {R}}^n$$K⊂Rnthat is maintained at constant temperature and is enveloped by a layer of insulating material$$\Omega $$Ωwhich obeys a generalized boundary heat transfer law. We minimize the energy of such configurations among all$$(K,\Omega )$$(K,Ω)with prescribed measure forKand$$\Omega $$Ω, and no topological or geometrical constraints. In the convection case (corresponding to Robin boundary conditions on$$\partial \Omega $$∂Ω) we obtain a full description of minimizers, while for general heat transfer conditions, we prove the existence and regularity of solutions and give a partial description of minimizers.
Retrospective evaluation of the oral brush biopsy in daily dental routine — an effective way of early cancer detection
Authors: Neumann Felix W. , Neumann Heinrich , Spieth Sybille , Remmerbach Torsten W.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Oral brush biopsies are a well researched index for early detection of oral cancer in specialised centers. But the performance of the exfoliative biopsy is not yet researched in daily dental routine.

Methods

Private dentists and private oral surgeons in Germany took brush biopsies out of 814 suspicious lesions from 670 patients using the Orcellex brush while regular dental appointments. The analyses of the biopsies were performed by the Cytological Laboratory of Bonn (CLB) using liquid-based cytology.

Results

The final results were 74 oral squamous cell carcinomas and one verrucous carcinoma, histological proven, 232 cases of leukoplakia, 242 cases of lichen planus, 17 cases of erythroplakia, 259 cases of benign inflammatory, traumatic or hyperplastic oral lesions. The sensitivity for the detection of cancer cells using brush biopsy archived 100%, the specificity for the detection of non-neoplastic cells was 86.5%. The positive predictive value was 43.1%, the negative predicative value was at 100%.

Conclusion

The oral brush biopsy seems to be a sufficient tool for early cancer detection in private dental offices.

Clinical Relevance.

Generally, practicing dentists do not see various oral squamous cell carcinomas in their careers, so the experience in identifying oral squamous cell carcinomas as such is very low. The brush biopsy might help them in cases of doubt to prevent tumors from expansive growth.
Social Distancing and Social Biosensing: Intersubjectivity from Afar
Authors: Curran Max T. , Chuang John
Published: July 2022

The shelter-in-place orders across the U.S. in response to the COVID-19 pandemic forced many relationships once sustained by in-person interaction into remote states through computer-mediated communication (CMC). Work, school, holidays, social engagements, and everyday conversations formerly experienced through rich and contextual in-person interactions instead have taken place on messaging, voice, and video chatting platforms that diminish or altogether lack many social cues and other qualities critical to social interaction. The difficulties feeling connected to one another observed during this period have stressed the need for novel forms of communication that enable deeper interactions. Social biosensing, the interpersonal sharing of physiological information, has shown promise facilitating social connection at a distance. In the present research we document the experiences of nine pairs of friends (N = 18) who navigated living through a shelter-in-place order, reporting on their experiences sharing their electrodermal activity (EDA) in response to short videos. Participants described the artificial and unnatural nature of communicating using typical forms of CMC and a range of interpretations of EDA as both emotional response and as representative of personal characteristics. We implemented a phased approach to study the temporal nature of forming an understanding of unfamiliar yet intimate data like EDA. Our results indicate typologies of meaning-making processes: “stablers”, “broadeners”, and “puzzlers”. We also interpreted our findings through the lens of intersubjectivity, analyzing how analogical apperception and dialogical interaction both play a role in participants’ meaning-making about their own and their partner’s biosensory information. We conclude with implications from this work pertinent to intersubjectivity theorists, social biosensing researchers, and CMC system designers and developers.
Self-Admitted Technical Debt and comments’ polarity: an empirical study
Authors: Cassee Nathan , Zampetti Fiorella , Novielli Nicole , Serebrenik Alexander , Di Penta Massimiliano
Published: July 2022

Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) consists of annotations—typically, but not only, source code comments—pointing out incomplete features, maintainability problems, or, in general, portions of a program not-ready yet. The way a SATD comment is written, and specifically its polarity, may be a proxy indicator of the severity of the problem and, to some extent, of the priority with which it should be addressed. In this paper, we study the relationship between different types of SATD comments in source code and their polarity, to understand in which circumstances (and why) developers use negative or rather neutral comments to highlight an SATD. To address this goal, we combine a manual analysis of 1038 SATD comments from a curated dataset with a survey involving 46 professional developers. First of all, we categorize SATD content into its types. Then, we study the extent to which developers express negative sentiment in different types of SATD as a proxy for priority, and whether they believe this can be considered as an acceptable practice. Finally, we look at whether such annotations contain additional details such as bug references and developers’ names/initials. Results of the study indicate that SATD comments are mainly used for annotating poor implementation choices ($\simeq $≃41%) and partially implemented functionality ($\simeq $≃22%). The latter may depend from “waiting” for other features being implemented, and this makes SATD comments more negatives than in other cases. Around 30% of the survey respondents agree on using/interpreting negative sentiment as a proxy for priority, while 50% of them indicate that it would be better to discuss SATD on issue trackers and not in the source code. However, while our study indicates that open-source developers use links to external systems, such as bug identifiers, to annotate high-priority SATD, better tool support is required for SATD management.
Wellbeing and Changing Attitudes Across Time
Authors: Bykvist Krister
Published: July 2022

The fact that our attitudes change poses well-known challenges for attitude-sensitive wellbeing theories. Suppose that in the past you favoured your adventurous youthful life more than the quiet and unassuming life you expected to live as an old person; now when you look back you favour your current life more than your youthful past life. Which period of your life is better for you? More generally, how can we find a stable attitude-sensitive standard of wellbeing, if the standard is in part defined in terms of unstable attitudes? In this paper, I introduce an ‘attitudinal matrix’ framework that will help us clear up the problems posed by changing attitudes across time. In particular, it will help us see what is at stake, which principles that can or cannot be combined, and what might be the best solution. I defend a very plausible candidate constraint on a solution to the challenge of changing attitudes, which I call ‘diagonalism’. It is argued that among the three main forms of substantive attitude-sensitive wellbeing theories – the attitude-version, the object-version, and the satisfaction-version – it is the satisfaction-version that can both satisfy diagonalism and provide the best account of temporal and lifetime wellbeing.
Direct flip-chip bonding of bare dies to polypropylene-coated paper substrates without adhesives or solders
Authors: Rodrigues Augusto Daniel , Weissbach Thomas , Malik Muhammad Hassan , Schmidt Wolfgang , Gumbiowski Rainer , Hübler Arved C. , Binder Alfred , Roshanghias Ali
Published: July 2022

Paper-based electronics is an emerging concept with the prospect of developing recyclable, low cost, flexible, and green products such as paper displays, smart labels, RFID tags, smart packages, electronic magazines, biological and medical devices. Compared to conventional printed circuit board (PCB) materials, utilizing paper as an electronics substrate has both physical and chemical challenges. Nowadays, the integration of components on papers are mainly conducted using adhesives [such as anisotropic conductive paste (ACP), isotropic conductive paste (ICP), and non-conductive pastes (NCP)] or low-temperature solders. The application of adhesives and solders in a roll-to-roll fabrication line of papers requires an additional dispensing or printing unit, which has its own drawbacks. Therefore, alternative approaches such as pre-applied adhesive films either on bare dies or papers can gain significant attention. In this study, by exploiting the unique properties of a paper coating material (i.e., polypropylene) as a non-conductive adhesive, it was shown that direct flip-chip bonding of the bare dies and devices could be successfully performed on paper without using any additional adhesives or solders. The electrical and mechanical performance of the flip chip-bonded dies on the polypropylene-coated paper substrate were assessed utilizing daisy-chain contact resistance measurement and die-shear analysis, respectively. Moreover, for an RFID tag application, RFID chips were flip chip bonded to the coated papers and functional tests via NFC communication were also successfully exerted. It was concluded that the polypropylene film on the paper can be considered as an intrinsic NCP layer for flip-chip integration of bare dies.
Scientific Machine Learning Through Physics–Informed Neural Networks: Where we are and What’s Next
Authors: Cuomo Salvatore , Di Cola Vincenzo Schiano , Giampaolo Fabio , Rozza Gianluigi , Raissi Maziar , Piccialli Francesco
Published: July 2022

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) are neural networks (NNs) that encode model equations, like Partial Differential Equations (PDE), as a component of the neural network itself. PINNs are nowadays used to solve PDEs, fractional equations, integral-differential equations, and stochastic PDEs. This novel methodology has arisen as a multi-task learning framework in which a NN must fit observed data while reducing a PDE residual. This article provides a comprehensive review of the literature on PINNs: while the primary goal of the study was to characterize these networks and their related advantages and disadvantages. The review also attempts to incorporate publications on a broader range of collocation-based physics informed neural networks, which stars form the vanilla PINN, as well as many other variants, such as physics-constrained neural networks (PCNN), variational hp-VPINN, and conservative PINN (CPINN). The study indicates that most research has focused on customizing the PINN through different activation functions, gradient optimization techniques, neural network structures, and loss function structures. Despite the wide range of applications for which PINNs have been used, by demonstrating their ability to be more feasible in some contexts than classical numerical techniques like Finite Element Method (FEM), advancements are still possible, most notably theoretical issues that remain unresolved.
Hypercoagulability in Cushing’s syndrome: incidence, pathogenesis and need for thromboprophylaxis protocols
Authors: Feelders Richard A. , Nieman Lynnette K.
Published: July 2022

Cushing's syndrome (CS) is associated with a hypercoagulable state resulting in an increased risk on venous thromboembolism (VTE). In patients with untreated active CS VTE incidence is up to 18-fold higher compared to the general population, whereas after pituitary and adrenal surgery a postoperative VTE risk between 2.6 and 5.6% has been reported. Interestingly, after surgery the VTE risk is not only increased in the first week but also during several months postoperatively. The hypercoagulable state in CS is thought to be caused, at least in part, by an imbalance between activity of pro- and anticoagulant pathways. However, changes in activated partial thromboplastin time and plasma concentrations of pro-and anticoagulant factors are not observed in every CS patient. Only retrospective studies have shown that thromboprophylaxis lowers VTE risk in CS. Future prospective studies should asses the optimal timing, duration and type of thromboprophylaxis in CS to improve VTE-related morbidity and mortality.
Adoption of digital technologies in agriculture—an inventory in a european small-scale farming region
Authors: Gabriel Andreas , Gandorfer Markus
Published: July 2022

As digitalization in the agricultural sector has intensified, the number of studies addressing adoption and use of digital technologies in crop production and livestock farming has also increased. However, digitalization trends in the context of small-scale farming have mainly been excluded from such studies. The focus of this paper is on investigating the sequential adoption of precision agriculture (PA) and other digital technologies, and the use of multiple technologies in a small-scale agricultural region in southern Germany. An online survey of farmers yielded a total of 2,390 observations, of which 1,820 operate in field farming, and 1,376 were livestock farmers. A heuristic approach was deployed to identify adoption patterns. Probable multiple uses of 30 digital farming technologies and decision-support applications, as well as potential trends of sequential technology adoption were analyzed for four sequential points of adoption (entry technology, currently used technologies, and planned short-term and mid-term investments). Results show that Bavarian farmers cannot be described as exceedingly digitalized but show potential adoption rates of 15–20% within the next five years for technologies such as barn robotics, section control, variable-rate applications, and maps from satellite data. Established use of entry technologies (e.g., automatic milking systems, digital field records, automatic steering systems) increased the probability of adoption of additional technologies. Among the most used technologies, the current focus is on user-friendly automation solutions that reduce farmers’ workload. Identifying current equipment and technology trends in small-scale agriculture is essential to strengthen policy efforts to promote digitalization.
Proanthocyanidins attenuated liver damage and suppressed fibrosis in CCl4-treated rats
Authors: Amer Maher A. , Othman Azza I. , EL-Missiry Mohamed A. , Farag Aya A. , Amer Maggie E.
Published: July 2022

Liver damage and fibrosis are serious health problems without effective treatment. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are flavonoids with several biological effects. We investigated the potential anti-fibrotic effect of proanthocyanidins on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury and fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was induced by oral administration of CCl4 three times a week for 5 and 9 weeks. PAs were daily administered in a dose of 500 mg/kg bw. Animals were divided into five groups: control groups, olive oil-treated group, Pas-treated group, CCl4-treated animals, and PAs + CCl4-treated rats. CCl4 and PAs were administered by gavage. Administration of CCl4 caused a significant elevation in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, the concentration of alpha-2-macroglobulin, and bilirubin concentration. In addition, the protein and apolipoprotein contents were significantly decreased in the serum of CCl4-treated rats. These results were accompanied by histopathological alterations and increased inflammation, apoptosis, and DNA damage. Treatment with PAs caused remarkable regression of fibrosis and alpha-2-macroglobulin with improvement in histological characteristics of the liver after 5 and 9 weeks of intoxication. PAs could also maintain redox balance, evidenced by the prevention of lipid peroxidation and mitigation of the decrease in antioxidants. Treatment of intoxicated rats with PAs resulted in a significant decline in pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in serum. This is associated with a remarkable decrease in apoptosis of hepatic cells shown by decreased levels of Bax, caspase-3, and -9, with increased Bcl-2. The protective effect of PAs was also evident by protecting DNA integrity in the intoxicated rats. PAs suppressed hepatic fibrosis, improved liver function and structure via modulating the interdependence between oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and DNA integrity in CCl4-treated rats.
A two-player portfolio tracking game
Authors: Voß Moritz
Published: July 2022

We study the competition of two strategic agents for liquidity in the benchmark portfolio tracking setup of Bank et al. (Math Financial Economics 11(2):215–239 2017). Specifically, both agents track their own stochastic running trading targets while interacting through common aggregated temporary and permanent price impact à la Almgren and Chriss (J Risk 3:5–39 2001). The resulting stochastic linear quadratic differential game with terminal state constraints allows for a unique and explicitly available open-loop Nash equilibrium. Our results reveal how the equilibrium strategies of the two players take into account the other agent’s trading targets: either in an exploitative intent or by providing liquidity to the competitor, depending on the relation between temporary and permanent price impact. As a consequence, different behavioral patterns can emerge as optimal in equilibrium. These insights complement and extend existing studies in the literature on predatory trading models examined in the context of optimal portfolio liquidation games.
Kontext im Coaching: Einblicke in den Stand der Forschung zur Bedeutung des Kontexts für berufsbezogenes Coaching
Authors: Kotte Silja
Published: July 2022

Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt Einblicke, inwiefern der Kontext von Coaching in der bisherigen Coachingforschung berücksichtigt wurde und welche Erkenntnisse daraus abgeleitet werden können. Zunächst wird genauer auf die organisationale Einbettung von Coaching eingegangen: Welche Spannungsfelder entstehen aus dem Zusammenspiel der verschiedenen Stakeholder (u. a. Coach, Coachee, Auftraggeber:in)? Welche Funktionen soll Coaching aus Sicht der Organisation erfüllen? Und wie wird Coaching von der Organisation „gerahmt“? Anschließend wird auf verschiedene Zielgruppen und deren jeweils spezifische Arbeitsanforderungen genauer eingegangen, exemplarisch anhand des Coachings von Führungskräften auf unterschiedlichen Hierarchieebenen und von Gründer:innen. Der Beitrag schließt mit Perspektiven für die weitere Forschung zum Kontext von Coaching.
Modal state vectors of a free-hanging drilling riser during deployment and retrieval
Authors: Zhou Xingkun , Ge Zhengguang , Chen Jinghao , Li Wenhua
Published: July 2022

To prevent marine risers' resonance and eliminate potential threats, sufficient inherent dynamic characteristics such as natural frequency, modal displacement, slope, bending moment, and shear are necessary to be calculated and analyzed. However, most studies calculate the natural frequencies and modal displacements directly rather than the modal slopes and forces. The additional calculations of modal slopes and forces likely result in issue complications, time-consuming, or even errors especially when the boundaries at both ends are solved by a finite difference method. To solve the above problems, a state-vector approach is developed herein based on the precise integration method. Two traditional methods, i.e., differential transformation method and finite element method, are utilized to verify the validation of the approach. The modal state vectors of a marine drilling riser, i.e., not only modal displacements but also modal slopes, bending moments, and shears, are studied in detail under four classic cases according to the hard and soft hang-off modes and the deployment and retrieval processes. Besides, the natural frequencies versus the riser suspension lengths are investigated during the deployment and retrieval. The critical resonance suspension lengths of the riser are discussed via a double-peaked sea irregular wave spectrum. Based on the analyses presented in this study and their generic findings, powerful tools can be designed to prevent riser resonance and associated threats in operation.