bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calcium Sensing Receptor Variants Increase Pulmonary Hypertension Susceptibility
Authors: Liu Bingxun , Wei Yun-Peng , Fan Xiaohang , Hu Xiaoyi , Chen Zeshuai , Liu Xiaoyuan , Xu Yan , Wang Lu , Wang Tao , Ruiz Matthieu , Dupuis Jocelyn , Yuan Ping , Liu Jinming , Huang Songling , Zhu Liping , Jing Zhi-Cheng , Hu Qinghua
Published: June 2022

Background:

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is an incurable disease, in which the extracellular CaSR (calcium sensing receptor) is mechanistically important. This study was aimed to genetically link the
CaSR
gene and function to the disease severity.

Methods:

Sanger sequencing, Sugen/hypoxia pulmonary arterial hypertension rat model,
CaSR
mutated rat, transcriptional reporter assay and measurement of CaSR activity were used.

Results:

Sanger sequencing identified a significant association between the variant rs1042636(A>G), located in
CaSR
exon 7, and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) formation in patients. The frequency of 2968G homozygotes was higher in patients with IPAH compared with healthy individuals (23.6% versus 17.5%;
P
=0.001, OR=1.864), and the minor alleles of rs6776158, rs1048213, and rs9883099, located in
CaSR
promoter, raised the IPAH odds ratio to 2.173. Patients with IPAH carrying heterozygotes or homozygotes genotype of rs1042636 showed markedly higher pulmonary artery pressure and reduced survival compared with individuals carrying the wild-type allele. The minor alleles of rs6776158, rs1048213, and rs9883099 increased CaSR expression in reporter assay. In Sugen/hypoxia pulmonary arterial hypertension rats, the point mutation replicating rs1042636 found in IPAH exacerbated pulmonary arterial hypertension severity by promoting the overexpression and the enhanced activity of CaSR.

Conclusions:

Our functional genomic analysis thus indicates that the
CaSR
minor alleles of rs1042636, rs6776158, rs1048213, and rs9883099 contribute to the development and severity of IPAH. These findings may benefit clinical prognosis and treatment for IPAH.
Sex Differences in Diurnal Sodium Handling During Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats
Authors: Soliman Reham H. , Jin Chunhua , Taylor Crystal M. , Moura Coelho da Silva Emile , Pollock David M.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Emerging evidence over the past several years suggests that diurnal control of sodium excretion is sex dependent and involves the renal endothelin system. Given recent awareness of disruptions of circadian function in obesity, we determined whether diet-induced obesity impairs renal handling of an acute salt load at different times of day and whether this varies by sex and is associated with renal endothelin dysfunction.

Methods:

Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a high-fat diet for 8 weeks before assessing renal sodium handling and blood pressure.

Results:

Male, but not female, rats on high fat had a significantly reduced natriuretic response to acute NaCl injection at the beginning of their active period that was associated with lower endothelin 1 (ET-1) excretion, lower ET-1 mRNA expression in the cortex and outer medulla as well as lower ET
B
receptor expression in the outer medulla of the high-fat rats. Obese males also had significantly higher blood pressure (telemetry) that was exacerbated by adding high salt to the diet during the last 2 weeks. While female rats developed hypertension with a high-fat diet, they were not salt sensitive and ET-1 excretion was unchanged.

Conclusions:

These data identify diet-induced obesity as a sex-specific disruptive factor for maintaining proper sodium handling. Although high-fat diets induce hypertension in both sexes, these data reveal that males are at greater risk of salt-dependent hypertension and further suggest that females have more redundant systems that can be productive against salt-sensitive hypertension in at least some circumstances.
Two new surprising species of leaf-litter toad of the Rhinella margaritifera species group (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Peruvian Amazon, Loreto—Peru
Authors: ROJAS ROMMEL R. , PEÑA PEDRO PEREZ , ÁVILA ROBSON W. , DE CARVALHO VINICIUS TADEU , PEREZ RENATA , FARIAS IZENI PIRES , GORDO MARCELO , HRBEK TOMAS
Published: June 2022

We describe two new species of Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from the department of Loreto, Peru. We integrate morphological and phylogenetic analyses to provide evidence of new species. R. angeli sp. nov. is diagnosable from all congeners by its pronounced fleshy proboscis and R. unapensis sp. nov. by the small size (mean snout-vent length=37.7 ± 4.1 mm) of adult males, snout pointed in dorsal view, nearly acute in lateral view, and small bony protrusion at the angle of jaws among other characters. The two species are allopatric, where the first species is known to be associated inhabits upland (=terra firme) forests, while the second white sand forests (=varillales) around Iquitos city. The two new species represent the 20th and 21st species of the Rhinella margaritifera species group.
The Network Society Revisited
Authors: Castells Manuel
Published: June 2022

The theory of the network society, in my own version, was originally elaborated in the book that, under the title The Rise of the Network Society, I published in 1996. It was revised and updated in the 2000 and 2010 editions. However, the significant social change that has taken place on a global scale in the last decade provides an opportunity to reassess its heuristic value. Therefore, in this text, I will attempt to consider the currency of the theory of the network society when confronted with these changes.
Mucocele-like Lesions of the Breast
Authors: Solomon William T. , Dale Paul S.
Published: June 2022

Mucocele-like lesions of the breast (MLL) are believed to be due to mucinous ducts extruding their contents into the surrounding stroma. MLLs are a rare entity usually identified by calcifications noted on routine screening mammography. Surgical excision has been recommended due to the propensity for these lesions to harbor atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) or malignancy. A 44-year-old female patient presented to the breast center after undergoing routine mammography which showed a group of coarse appearing microcalcifications in the outer third of the breast. After further workup, a core needle biopsy was obtained with pathology showing benign breast tissue with acellular stromal mucin pools containing dystrophic calcifications. The patient underwent surgical excision with final pathology revealing ductal carcinoma in-situ and ADH with prominent mucin production throughout the stroma.
The Influence of Transdiagnostic Vulnerability Factors on PTSD Symptom Clusters in a Veteran Sample
Authors: Kreminski Michael A. , Courtney James A. , Drummond Sean P. A. , Norton Peter J.
Published: June 2022

Background:

There is continuing debate as to the latent structure underpinning posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology. The transdiagnostic vulnerability factors of negative affect, anxiety sensitivity (and subcomponents) and intolerance of uncertainty have previously demonstrated the ability to explain symptom clusters in a range of anxiety and depressive disorders, and may give further understanding of PTSD symptomatology.

Method:

Within an Australian Defence Force veteran population, structural equation modeling is utilized to assess whether a hierarchical Original Model containing negative affect as the general cognitive factor, anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty as mid-level factors, can explain variability among posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. A further hierarchical Anxiety Sensitivity Extended model consisting of the general cognitive factor of negative affect and the three sub-factors of anxiety sensitivity as mid-level factors was also tested upon PTSD symptom clusters.

Results:

Both the hierarchical Original and Anxiety Sensitivity Extended models fit the data well. Within both models, negative affect consistently showed significant direct effects upon the posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters. In the Original Model, anxiety sensitivity served as a significant mediator of negative affect for several symptom clusters, while intolerance of uncertainty was non-significant both as a direct effect and as a mediator of negative affect. In the Anxiety Sensitivity Extended Model, the cognitive concerns sub-factor of anxiety sensitivity served as a significant mediator of negative affect for several symptom clusters, while the social and physical concerns sub-factors did not have significant direct or mediating effects.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates a transdiagnostic hierarchical model significantly explains the severity of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition posttraumatic stress disorder symptom constructs within a subclinical population. Negative affect and anxiety sensitivity can each be targeted with specific interventions, suggesting new avenues to augment current gold standard psychotherapeutic interventions.
The German social space and its homologies: National variation on a basic structure
Authors: Atkinson Will , Schmitz Andreas
Published: June 2022

This article constructs a comprehensive new model of the contemporary class structure of Germany. More specifically, inspired by Pierre Bourdieu’s geometric conception of class relations and drawing on original survey data, it adopts multiple correspondence analysis paired with cluster analysis to chart the German ‘social space’, that is, the relational configuration of key forms of capital. It then explores correspondences with occupational groups, ethnic groups, other demographic features, lifestyle practices and tastes. The results disclose specific structuring effects of German peculiarities on the distribution of social power, including East–West reunification and the long-running guestworker programme. More fundamentally, though, in its basic structure, the space resembles that mapped by Bourdieu in France and those documented by others elsewhere, suggesting common principles of social and symbolic differentiation among Western capitalist societies.
Sustained Virologic Response Rates Before and After Removal of Sobriety Restriction for Hepatitis C Virus Treatment Access
Authors: Martin Michelle T. , Waring Nicole , Forrest Jasmine , Nazari Jonathan L. , Abdelaziz Abdullah I. , Lee Todd A.
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

Until November 1, 2018, Illinois Medicaid restricted coverage of hepatitis C virus (HCV) medication to patients with sobriety from alcohol and illicit substances for ≥12 months. This policy limited treatment access for patients with a high risk of HCV transmission, despite clinical trial and real-world data demonstrating high sustained virologic response (SVR) rates among patients with substance use. The objective of this study was to compare HCV SVR rates between patients treated before and after removal of the Illinois Medicaid sobriety restriction.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective cohort study of Medicaid-insured patients who completed direct-acting antiviral treatment at an urban, academic medical center in Illinois from January 1, 2014, through October 21, 2020. The primary endpoint was SVR. We compared group characteristics using χ2 or Fisher exact tests for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for continuous variables. We used logistic regression to compare SVR rates before and after the policy change, adjusting for differences between groups.

Results:

A total of 496 patients (348 pre–policy change; 148 post–policy change) started treatment; excluding loss to follow-up/early discontinuation, SVR rates were 95.4% (309 of 324) pre–policy change and 97.1% (134 of 138) post–policy change. SVR rates did not differ after adjusting for the use of historic HCV regimens and the higher cirrhosis rate in the pre–policy change group compared with the post–policy change group (odds ratio = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.32-3.67).

Conclusion:

HCV SVR rates were similar before and after removal of the Illinois Medicaid sobriety restriction, regardless of group differences. Results support HCV treatment regardless of documented sobriety to facilitate progress toward HCV elimination.
Influenza Vaccination Among Pregnant Women: Self-report Compared With Vaccination Data From Electronic Health Records, 2018-2020 Influenza Seasons
Authors: Daley Matthew F. , Reifler Liza M. , Shoup Jo Ann , Glanz Jason M. , Naleway Allison L. , Jackson Michael L. , Hambidge Simon J. , McLean Huong , Kharbanda Elyse O. , Klein Nicola P. , Lewin Bruno J. , Weintraub Eric S. , McNeil Michael M. , Razzaghi Hilda , Singleton James A.
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

Having accurate influenza vaccination coverage estimates can guide public health activities. The objectives of this study were to (1) validate the accuracy of electronic health record (EHR)–based influenza vaccination data among pregnant women compared with survey self-report and (2) assess whether survey respondents differed from survey nonrespondents by demographic characteristics and EHR-based vaccination status.

Methods:

This study was conducted in the Vaccine Safety Datalink, a network of 8 large medical care organizations in the United States. Using EHR data, we identified all women pregnant during the 2018-2019 or 2019-2020 influenza seasons. Surveys were conducted among samples of women who did and did not appear vaccinated for influenza according to EHR data. Separate surveys were conducted after each influenza season, and respondents reported their influenza vaccination status. Analyses accounted for the stratified design, sampling probability, and response probability.

Results:

The survey response rate was 50.5% (630 of 1247) for 2018-2019 and 41.2% (721 of 1748) for 2019-2020. In multivariable analyses combining both survey years, non-Hispanic Black pregnant women had 3.80 (95% CI, 2.13-6.74) times the adjusted odds of survey nonresponse; odds of nonresponse were also higher for Hispanic pregnant women and women who had not received (per EHR data) influenza vaccine during current or prior influenza seasons. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of EHR documentation of influenza vaccination compared with self-report were ≥92% for both survey years combined. The negative predictive value of EHR-based influenza vaccine status was 80.5% (95% CI, 76.7%-84.0%).

Conclusions:

EHR-based influenza vaccination data among pregnant women were generally concordant with self-report. New data sources and novel approaches to mitigating nonresponse bias may be needed to enhance influenza vaccination surveillance efforts.
Association between anticoagulant therapy, exacerbations and mortality in a Danish cohort of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Kristensen A , Sivapalan P , Bagge K , Biering-Sørensen T , Sørensen R , Eklöf J , Jensen JUS
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

Pulmonary Embolism has been frequently reported in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AE-COPD). The study aimed to determine whether COPD patients who receive anticoagulant (AC) therapy have a reduced risk of hospitalization due to AE-COPD and death.

Methods:

This nationwide population-based study was based on data from the Danish Register of COPD (DrCOPD), which contains complete data on COPD outpatients between 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2018. National registers were used to obtain information regarding comorbidities and vital status. Propensity-score matching and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess AE-COPD and death after one year.

Results:

The study cohort consisted of 58,067 patients with COPD. Of these, 5194 patients were on AC therapy. The population was matched 1:1 based on clinical confounders and AC therapy, resulting in two groups of 5180 patients. We found no association between AC therapy and AE-COPD or all-cause mortality in the propensity-score matched population (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.96-1.10, p = 0.37). These findings were confirmed in a competing risk analysis. In the sensitivity analysis, we performed an adjusted analysis of the complete cohort and found a slightly increased risk of AE-COPD or death in patients treated with AC therapy. This study found a low incidence of pulmonary embolisms and deep venous thrombosis in both groups.

Conclusions:

AC therapy was not associated with the risk of hospitalization due to AE-COPD or all-cause mortality.
A modified variant of coyote optimization algorithm for solving ordinary differential equations and oscillatory mechanical problems
Authors: Eid Heba F , Mansour Romany F , Cuevas Erik
Published: June 2022

A vital subject of engineering structures is mechanical oscillations. If the mechanical oscillation is uncontrolled, it can lead to structural failure due to large dynamic stresses developed, as the collapse occurred on the Broughton Suspension bridge due to soldiers walking in step. This paper addresses mechanical oscillation problems employing a proposed modified variant of coyote optimizer. Coyote optimization algorithm (COA) is a new meta-heuristic which mimics the social behavior of coyotes. COA suffers with stagnation problems and immature convergence while solving optimization problems. In this paper, the COA is hybridized with Laplace Crossover operator and new culture tendency strategies are adapted, modified variants of coyote optimization algorithm (MvCOA). The proposed MvCOA is presented to approximately solve mechanical oscillation problems independently of their order, form, and stated conditions. With the fundamental concepts of ordinary differential equations and Fourier series expansion, mechanical oscillation problems can be modeled as a problem of optimization whereby the optimization task is achieved using the proposed MvCOA. Five different ordinary differential equations and four mechanical oscillation problems are solved approximately and then compared with their corresponding exact solutions. The statistical analysis validates that the presented MvCOA is an effective algorithm for different optimization problems. However, from the empirical results, it is visible that the suggested MvCOA approximate approach was able to reach a successful performance solving different mechanical oscillation problems.
Truth, Proof, Sleuth: Trust in Direct-to-Consumer DNA Testing and Other Sources of Identity Information among Australian Donor-Conceived People
Authors: Newton Giselle , Drysdale Kerryn , Zappavigna Michele , Newman Christy E
Published: June 2022

The digital age is characterised by unprecedented access to technologies to understand our bodies, genetics and family histories. The last decade has seen a growing uptake of direct-to-consumer DNA testing, which is (re)shaping individuals’ identity narratives. Drawing on data from a national online survey with Australian donor-conceived people (N = 91) and semi-structured interviews (N = 28), we conceptualise DNA results as a genetic narrative that coexists with other sources of identity information such as familial narratives, medical records and experiential knowledge from peers. Our analysis derived three themes: truth – how DNA results disrupted ontological security and prompted confrontation; proof – how DNA testing was valued and legitimised, especially compared with medical records; and sleuth – how DNA testing was leveraged in agentive practices. In doing so, we explore how processes of (dis)trust shape the forms of identity information individuals seek out, believe and rely upon to position themselves within relational and socio-technical webs.
Analysis of grasping deformation of textile fabric based on fluid structure coupling
Authors: Zhang Xiaowei , Chi Xinfu , Ji Chengchang , Sun Yize
Published: June 2022

The grasping transfer deformation of textile fabrics is the primary problem faced by textile production automation. During the automatic transfer process of textile fabrics, due to its own flexibility, large deformations are brought about, which leads to the problem of overlapping folds before the fabric is formed. In this paper, the end gripper composed of non-contact Bernoulli suction cups is used to adsorb and transfer the textile fabric, and the fluid structure coupling analysis method is used to calculate the adsorption force under different inlet pressures by using the macroscopic continuous model of the end effector adsorbing the fabric. The fluid structure coupling adsorption model is established, and the effects of the number and layout of suction cups and different inlet pressure on the deformation of flexible fabric during clamping are analyzed and studied. The deformation effect of the end effector in the process of transferring fabric is verified by simulation and visual experiment. The results show that the optimal working parameters of the end effector obtained by fluid structure coupling simulation are consistent with the test. When the end effector adopts five suction cups and the air inlet pressure is 0.3 MPa, the deformation is the smallest. This study provides a new method to solve the problem of automatic grasping and transfer of textile fabrics, and provides technical support for improving the automation level of garment industry.
Instructional Design in a Time of Crisis: Experiences of Instructional Designers and Faculty as ‘First Responders’
Authors: Mose Patrick O.
Published: June 2022

Teaching and learning globally has experienced a disruptive shift because of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Many colleges and universities now encounter challenges of continuing to teach face-to-face amidst the health emergency. As a result, institutions have sought innovative means to maintain teaching and learning. Universities in the United States and across the world have made unexpected and abrupt switch to distance learning. While we acknowledge this reality, the future of learning after the pandemic still appears to be uncertain. Many students and teachers are unfamiliar navigating themselves in the emergent learning environment. Often, in a time of crisis like a pandemic, instructional designers (IDs) are the front-line of defense to providing pragmatic solutions. IDs are expected to provide creative and innovative remedies to transform teaching and learning while averting crisis. This study investigates the experiences of instructional designers, and faculty undergoing this transformative change. The strategies and experiences of implementing emergency remote teaching and working are discussed with the aim of informing stakeholders how the pandemic impacted positively to teaching and learning using emergent technology.
Criminogenic Risk Score Trajectories of Justice-Involved Youth: An Investigation Across Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Kitzmiller Mary K. , Paruk Jennifer K. , Cavanagh Caitlin
Published: June 2022

Juvenile risk assessments are standardized rating tools used by court practitioners to measure criminogenic risk in justice-involved youth. To capture individual fluctuation in risk level over time, juvenile risk assessments are often readministered throughout court supervision. The purpose of this study is to clarify the average criminogenic risk score trajectory among justice-involved youth, both in aggregate and by race/ethnicity. Analyses draw upon a sample of 611 justice-involved youths who received two or more risk assessment scores and were under court supervision for at least 1 year. Using multilevel modeling, findings indicate that risk scores decrease over the first 19 months of court supervision before rebounding in increasingly larger increments. Furthermore, risk scores of White youth appear to be most amenable to reduction over time, while scores of Black youth remain stagnant. Results have implications toward understanding the gains and losses in risk score reduction observed in youth under prolonged court supervision.
Adaptive sliding mode-based active disturbance rejection control for a quadcopter
Authors: Suhail Suhail Ahmad , Bazaz Mohammad Abid , Hussain Shoeb
Published: June 2022

This paper presents an adaptive sliding mode-based active disturbance rejection control (ASM-ADRC) strategy for the altitude and attitude control of an unmanned quadcopter with disturbances. The quadcopter is an underactuated system subject to parametric perturbations, nonlinearity, unmodeled dynamics, strong coupling, and external disturbances. The proposed algorithm is based on the quadcopter’s dynamic model, where the effects of noise and wind are considered additive disturbances. The central concept is to combine the advantages of adaptive sliding mode control (SMC) to accurately track the reference trajectory with the ability of ADRC to reject the parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. The proposed control scheme is verified in simulation studies with sensor noise and external disturbances. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the chattering phenomenon, owing to the estimation capability of the extended state observer (ESO). The proposed method also improves the robustness against modeling errors and disturbances and smoothly tracks the reference trajectory.
Design of Begian–Melek–Mendel structure-based interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems optimized with backpropagation algorithms
Authors: Chen Yang
Published: June 2022

As an emerging technology, the efficient and energy conserving process of permanent magnetic drive (PMD) presents high uncertainties. This paper designs a type of Begian–Melek–Mendel (BMM) structure interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems (IT2 FLSs) for PMD process uncertain parameters forecasting. The antecedent, consequent, and input measurements of systems are all selected as the Gaussian type-2 primary membership functions with uncertain standard deviations. Then the backpropagation algorithms are used to tune the parameters of IT2 FLSs. According to the Monte Carlo simulation studies and convergence analysis, the proposed IT2 FLSs are proved to be superior to two corresponding T1 FLSs in generalization ability.
Sex, breadwinner status, and perceived job insecurity: A comparative analysis in Europe
Authors: Coron Clotilde , Schmidt Géraldine
Published: June 2022

Previous research has produced contradictory results about the relationship between sex and perceived job insecurity (JI). The male-breadwinner ideology has been put forward to explain the fact that women often report less JI. In addition, previous research on JI has highlighted the importance of the national socioeconomic context, and gender studies have underlined the need to take gender dimensions into account when studying national socioeconomic contexts. This article contributes to those debates by measuring the effect of sex on JI and the moderating effect of breadwinner status in different groups of countries characterized by homogeneous socioeconomic and gender-related contexts. To do so, the authors use the 2015 EWCS survey, and add macro indicators for the national contexts. The results show that when controlling for breadwinner status, sex has no significant effect regardless of the national context; in addition, breadwinner status moderates the relationship between sex and perceived JI in some national contexts.
Integrated energy planning and modeling (IEPM) for sustainable electricity generation in Pakistan: Challenges and limitations
Authors: Bashir Sana , Kanwal Sumaira , Zeb Hassan , Baber Zaeem Bin , Majeed Asma
Published: June 2022

Recent technological advancements demand IEPM for sustainable energy development through the induction of advanced computational techniques. However, the applicability and outcomes of such modeling tools vary due to underlying limitations in addition to gaps within the energy sector. This study uses a three-pronged approach to determine the potential of IEPM in shaping sustainable energy systems, particularly for Pakistan. Findings suggest that the main hindrances in sustainable electricity generation in Pakistan are over dependence upon thermal fuel mix and partial achievement of national energy policy targets. A review of the public sector plans, researches, and historical energy mix of Pakistan affirms that all efforts are targeted towards least cost electricity production without considering social and environmental impacts. All past studies projected energy supply and demand to ascertain future implications, but no one suggested sustainable alternatives for meeting national energy targets. Findings of this study necessitate upon development of a fair, consistent, long-term and sustainable IEP with clear policies to overcome sectoral bottlenecks and attain a high growth trajectory. A review of modeling tools, their applications and limitations, carried out in this study, suggests the adoption of the LEAP model for realistic IEP for Pakistan. This considered LEAP’s strengths in terms of energy-environment nexus, strong-accounting and scenario-building, bottom-up/top-down approach, user-friendliness, and spatial-temporal flexibility.
Searching for the Standard: The Impact of Level of Training on In Vivo Coaching in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy
Authors: Niec Larissa N. , Brodd Irene , Schoonover Ciera E.
Published: June 2022

Although live coaching using behavioral principles is a powerful mechanism of change in behavioral parent training (BPT), little research has examined the coaching process. We used a cross-sectional sample of coaches with different levels of training in the evidence-based behavioral parent training model parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) to begin to understand how training impacts coaching techniques. Forty-six coaches including PCIT lay helpers, therapists, within-agency and global/regional trainers, provided a sample of coaching in response to a standardized parent-child interaction. Level of training was significantly and positively associated with coaching verbalizations ( r(44) = .80, p < .001). Training level was also associated with effective coaching strategies such that as training increased, coaches used more strategies related to positive treatment outcomes for families. Results suggest that coaches with less training may benefit from additional education around certain types of responsive coaching strategies. Findings raise important questions about how “adequate” and “optimal” coaching might be defined.
Associations among diet costs, food prices and income: Elasticities of risk and protection food groups for cardiometabolic diseases in Sao Paulo, Brazil (2003–2015)
Authors: Mello Aline Veroneze de , Sarti Flávia Mori , Fisberg Regina Mara
Published: June 2022

Background: Economic dimension comprises important determinants of food choices, particularly income and prices. Aim: Identification of the influence of food prices and diet costs on the consumption of food groups considered protection and risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. Methods: Food groups classification follows the proposal of “What we eat in America?” from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), adapted to Latin America. Data on food consumption from the Health Survey of Sao Paulo (2003, 2008, and 2015), representative at population level, was used. Log-linear regressions were estimated for food groups, controlling for endogeneity through augmented regression-test Results: Results showed increase in prices per calorie of whole grains and red meat from 2003–2015 and a decrease in prices per calorie of fruits, vegetables, beans, legumes, oilseeds and fish/seafood. Food groups had price elasticities between −0.01 and −1.6, i.e., decrease in consumption associated with increase in prices. Results showed statistically significant effects of substitution and complementarity, particularly substitution between sweetened beverages and fruits (2003, β = 0.606; 2008: β = 0.683; 2015, β = 0.848), complementarity between nuts and seeds and whole grains (2003, β = −0.646; 2008, β = −0.647; 2015, β = −0.901), and vegetables and processed meat (2003, β = −1.379; 2015, β = −1.685). Conclusion: Findings of the study represent relevant evidence for design strategies towards the adoption of healthier diets, particularly through subsidies to protection food groups, promoting lower prices and higher diet quality. The evidence may be useful for policymakers and researchers in fields of nutrition and health in diverse countries worldwide, especially due to absence of robust evidence in literature.
Physical activity and functional body image in youth with and without visual impairments
Authors: Belknap Katriana , Perreault Melanie , Lieberman Lauren , Beach Pamela
Published: June 2022

Recent research has found a positive relationship between functional body image and physical activity in typically developing youth; however, functional body image has not been studied in youth with visual impairments. Youth with visual impairments tend to have a lower body image and engage in less physical activity than their sighted peers. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in functional body image between youth with and without visual impairments and the relationship between functional body image and physical activity in youth with visual impairments. Twenty youth with visual impairments and 20 youth without disabilities completed the embodied image scale and the organized sport (OS) and active physical recreation (AR) activity categories of the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment, which measures five dimensions of activity participation. Mann–Whitney U tests revealed that participants with visual impairments had lower functional satisfaction ( p = .006) and marginally lower functional investment ( p = .059) than participants without disabilities. The correlation analysis revealed several significant positive relationships: functional values with AR where ( r = .472), functional satisfaction with AR intensity ( r = .459) and AR enjoyment ( r = .501), and functional investment with AR ( r = .554) and OS enjoyment ( r = .655). There were significant negative relationships between functional investment and AR diversity ( r = −.475) and intensity ( r = −.501). This suggests that youth with visual impairments have lower satisfaction and investment in their functional body image; however, those who enjoyed OS and AR activities tended to be more satisfied and invest more in their functional body image.
Computer-Mediated Communication and Well-Being in the Age of Social Media: A Systematic Review
Authors: High Andrew C , Ruppel Erin K , McEwan Bree , Caughlin John P
Published: June 2022

The association between computer-mediated communication (CMC) and well-being is a complex, consequential, and hotly debated topic that has received significant attention from pundits, researchers, and the media. Conflicting research findings and fear over negative outcomes have spurred both moral panic and further research into these associations. To create a more comprehensive picture of trends, explanations, and future directions in this domain of research, we conducted a systematic meso-level review of 366 studies across 349 articles published since 2007 that report associations between CMC and well-being. Although most of this research is not explicitly theoretical, several potential theoretical mechanisms for positive and negative effects of CMC on well-being are utilized. The heterogeneity of effects in the studies we reviewed could be explained by the discipline in which the research is conducted, the methodology used, the types of CMC and well-being examined, and the population studied. Our evaluation of this body of research highlights the importance of attending to how we conceptualize communication and well-being, the questions we ask, and the populations and contexts we study when both reading and producing research on CMC and well-being.
Evaluating occupational performance coaching to support fatigue management for people with multiple sclerosis: A feasibility study
Authors: Askari Sorayya , Kessler Dorothy , Smyth Penelope , Finlayson Marcia
Published: June 2022

Objective

To determine the feasibility of adding coaching sessions to a website (MS INFoRM) that supports self-directed fatigue management for people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).

Design

Double-blind, parallel-group feasibility study.

Participants and setting

Twenty-six PwMS, who experienced severe fatigue (fatigue severity scale > 5.4), were recruited from participants who were ineligible for the main trial testing on the MS INFoRM website.

Intervention

Six 45-to-60-min sessions of one-on-one coaching plus access to the MS INFoRm website compared to two check-in phone calls plus access to the MS INFoRm website. Both study arms took place over 3 months.

Main measures

Feasibility parameters included proportion eligible of those screened; proportion consented; missing data; retention and adherence rates. Acceptability was explored through qualitative interviews. Secondary outcomes (self-efficacy and fatigue impact) were measured at baseline and post-intervention.

Results

76 people were invited to participate in this add-on study. 40 were interested and screened: 32 were eligible, 26 consented, and were randomized (mean age: 48.5 yrs (SD: 8.7), mean disease duration: 11.5 yrs). Retention was 85% (22 out of 26). Coaching adherence was high (86% attended ⩾ 5 sessions). At 3 months, people in the intervention group showed more improvements in self-efficacy and fatigue impact compared to the comparison group, however, the difference was not statistically significant ( p = 0.471 and p = 0.147, respectively). The intervention was well-received by the participants and there were no adverse events.

Conclusion

Combining one-on-one coaching sessions along with web-based interventions is feasible and appreciated by the participants, and worth exploring further in a larger trial.
Characterization of perivascular space pathology in a rat model of cerebral small vessel disease by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Monte Brittany , Constantinou Stefan , Koundal Sunil , Lee Hedok , Dai Feng , Gursky Zachary , Van Nostrand William E , Darbinyan Armine , Zlokovic Berislav V , Wardlaw Joanna , Benveniste Helene
Published: June 2022

One of the most common causes of dementia is cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), which is associated with enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS). Clinically, PVS are visible as hyperintensities on T2-weighted (T2w) magnetic resonance images (MRI). While rodent SVD models exhibit arteriolosclerosis, PVS have not been robustly documented by MRI casting doubts on their clinical relevance. Here we established that the severity of SVD in spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone (SHRSP) rats correlated to ‘moderate’ SVD in human post-mortem tissue. We then developed two approaches for detecting PVS in SHRSP rats: 1) T2w imaging and 2) T1-weighted imaging with administration of gadoteric acid into cerebrospinal fluid. We applied the two protocols to six Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) control rats and thirteen SHRSP rats at ∼12 month of age. The primary endpoint was the number of hyperintense lesions. We found more hyperintensities on T2w MRI in the SHRSP compared to WKY rats (p-value = 0.023). CSF enhancement with gadoteric acid increased the visibility of PVS-like lesions in SHRSP rats. In some of the SHRSP rats, the MRI hyperintensities corresponded to enlarged PVS on histopathology. The finding of PVS-like hyperintensities on T2w MRI support the SHRSP rat’s clinical relevance for studying the underlying pathophysiology of SVD.
Honesty in Interorganizational Negotiations in the United States, Japan, Brazil, and the Republic of China
Authors: Allerheiligen Robert , Graham John L. , Lin Chi-Yuan
Published: June 2022

The relationship between honesty and the outcomes of interorganizational business negotiations is investigated using a laboratory experimentation methodology. One hundred sixty-two business executives from four countries participated in a buyer/ seller negotiation simulation and then evaluated their own performances and made judgments about their opponents’ strategies and characteristics. Honest bargaining strategies affected negotiation outcomes in different ways across the four cultural groups.
1985 Macromarketing Seminar Abstracts
Authors: Klein Thomas A.
Published: June 2022

The 1985 Macromarketing Seminar was hosted by George Washington University at Airlie House, Airlie, Virginia, August 15-18. Nearly 50 participants met to discuss research and theoretical developments. Abstracts of formal papers presented at the seminar follow. Readers wishing complete copies of these papers may request them directly from authors.

The Eleventh Macromarketing Seminar will be held in Boulder, Colorado, following the American Marketing Association Educators Conference in August 1986. Program Chairman is Professor Donald Shawver, University of Missouri, Columbia. Arrangements Chairman is Professor Charles Goeldner, University of Colorado, Boulder.
Offline motion libraries and online MPC for advanced mobility skills
Authors: Bjelonic Marko , Grandia Ruben , Geilinger Moritz , Harley Oliver , Medeiros Vivian S , Pajovic Vuk , Jelavic Edo , Coros Stelian , Hutter Marco
Published: June 2022

We describe an optimization-based framework to perform complex locomotion skills for robots with legs and wheels. The generation of complex motions over a long-time horizon often requires offline computation due to current computing constraints and is mostly accomplished through trajectory optimization (TO). In contrast, model predictive control (MPC) focuses on the online computation of trajectories, robust even in the presence of uncertainty, albeit mostly over shorter time horizons and is prone to generating nonoptimal solutions over the horizon of the task’s goals. Our article’s contributions overcome this trade-off by combining offline motion libraries and online MPC, uniting a complex, long-time horizon plan with reactive, short-time horizon solutions. We start from offline trajectories that can be, for example, generated by TO or sampling-based methods. Also, multiple offline trajectories can be composed out of a motion library into a single maneuver. We then use these offline trajectories as the cost for the online MPC, allowing us to smoothly blend between multiple composed motions even in the presence of discontinuous transitions. The MPC optimizes from the measured state, resulting in feedback control, which robustifies the task’s execution by reacting to disturbances and looking ahead at the offline trajectory. With our contribution, motion designers can choose their favorite method to iterate over behavior designs offline without tuning robot experiments, enabling them to author new behaviors rapidly. Our experiments demonstrate complex and dynamic motions on our traditional quadrupedal robot ANYmal and its roller-walking version. Moreover, the article’s findings contribute to evaluating five planning algorithms.
Meningioma with rhabdoid features: Pathologic findings in dogs
Authors: Tabaran Alexandru-Flaviu , Armien Anibal G. , Pluhar G. Elizabeth , O’Sullivan M. Gerard
Published: June 2022

Rhabdoid meningioma is a rare type of meningeal neoplasm in humans. This study reports the clinical, pathological, and ultrastructural features of 4 cases of canine meningioma with rhabdoid features. The cases were female and 8 to 12 years of age. Biopsies from complete surgical resections were examined for all cases. The whole brain with tumor recurrence was collected at necropsy in 2 dogs. Histologically, the tumors consisted of discohesive sheets of oval-polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and occasional paranuclear hyaline-like inclusions. Cells were intensely immunopositive for vimentin, negative for melan A and S100 protein in all cases, and showed variable immunolabeling for cytokeratin in 2 cases. Focal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunopositive cells were present in 1 case. Ultrastructurally, the rhabdoid cells in case 1 contained prominent cytoplasmic whorls of intermediate filaments, recapitulating the ultrastructural features of rhabdoid meningioma in humans. In cases 2 and 3, the meningioma cells contained interdigitating cell processes folded in a maze-like fashion resembling rhabdoid-like meningioma in humans. In case 4, the voluminous cytoplasm contained many round-to-flattened mitochondria admixed with rough endoplasmic reticulum, indicating a predominant oncocytic differentiation and not the rhabdoid differentiation suggested by light microscopy. Thus, rhabdoid morphology occurs in different types of meningiomas, and ultrastructural findings are essential for a correct diagnosis.
Carnobacterium maltaromaticum associated with meningoencephalitis and otitis in stranded common thresher sharks (Alopias vulpinus)
Authors: Steele Laura Martinez , Okihiro Mark S. , Berlemont Renaud , Dillon Jesse G. , Young Kelly A. , Hesami Shohreh , Sommeran Sean Van , Lowe Christopher G.
Published: June 2022

Juvenile common thresher sharks ( Alopias vulpinus) have been recently stranding along the California coastline. Using Illumina sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene along with necropsy, cytological, bacteriological, and histological techniques, we screened microbial communities and described lesions characterizing affected sharks with the purpose of identifying potential pathogen sources and pathologic processes. Histopathological assessment of moribund sharks revealed severe meningoencephalitis, as previously described in stranded salmon sharks ( Lamna ditropis), along with inflammation of the inner ear and subcutaneous tissues surrounding the endolymphatic ducts. Furthermore, inflamed areas were characterized by the prevalence of Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, suggesting this bacterium as a potential pathogen that gains access to the inner ear through the endolymphatic ducts, with subsequent spread into the brain. The absence or low abundance of this bacterium in the spiral valve in both healthy and infected sharks suggests that Carnobacterium is not a commensal member of their digestive communities and the spiral valve is unlikely to be the source of the pathogen. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis suggests that C. maltaromaticum strains isolated from diseased sharks have minimal genetic variation and differ from other strains originating from food or diseased teleosts. While a C. maltaromaticum–like organism has previously been associated with meningoencephalitis in salmon shark strandings, this is the first study to report common thresher shark strandings associated with C. maltaromaticum, involving the endolymphatic ducts as portals of entry to the brain.
University musicians’ use of component cognitive skills in practice: A self-report study
Authors: Woody Robert H
Published: June 2022

This study’s procedure, carried out by university musicians in a naturalistic practice environment, explored the effect of attention to musical cognitive skills on self-reported characteristics of practicing. One hundred university music majors carried out a practice session that targeted an expressive performance skill, and while doing so, responded to written prompts to report their thought processes. Musicians in the treatment condition, prior to practicing, read a 650-word excerpt that explained three component cognitive skills of music performance: goal imaging, motor production, and self-monitoring; their instructions prompted them to report their thoughts related to the three component skills. The musicians in the control condition received no such excerpt and were prompted to simply report their thoughts before, during, and after performance attempts to improve their targeted skill. Participants’ written responses were coded according to the presence of seven characteristics, specifically four indicators of self-regulation and three strategies of effective practice. The results showed that musicians in the treatment condition reported significantly more self-regulation indicators and practice strategies. This finding suggests that conscious attention to the underlying cognitive skills of music performance can prompt musicians to practice more effectively and lead them to have greater confidence in the efficacy of their practicing.