bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sinonasal adenocarcinoma: A 16‐year experience at a single institution
Authors: Bhayani Mihir K. , Yilmaz Turker , Sweeney Alex , Calzada Gabriel , Roberts Dianna B. , Levine Nicholas B. , DeMonte Franco , Hanna Ehab Y. , Kupferman Michael E.
Published: August 2013

Background

Adenocarcinoma is a rare tumor of the sinonasal tract. The purpose of this study was to characterize a single institution's experience with this malignancy.

Methods

Retrospective review was performed of patients with adenocarcinoma of the sinonasal tract from 1993 to 2009. Demographic data, disease presentation, treatment, and survival rates were collected and evaluated.

Results

We identified 66 patients with sinonasal adenocarcinoma; 48 were men and 18 women. Average age at time of diagnosis was 57.1 years (range, 20–88 years), and median follow‐up was 55.3 months (range, 1–238 months). The ethmoid sinus (38%) and nasal cavity (36%) were the most common sites of origin. Nasal obstruction (36%), epistaxis (30%), and nasal discharge (21%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Fifty‐one percent of patients presented with T1 or T2 tumors. Surgery was the primary form of treatment in 81% of patients. Twenty‐six percent of surgical patients underwent an endoscopic tumor resection. Adjuvant radiation was utilized in 50% of patients and chemotherapy in 10%. Recurrence was seen in 24 patients (37%): 29% recurred locally and 7.6% recurred distantly. The overall 5‐year survival was 65.9%. Survival was decreased significantly in patients with T4 tumors (p < .05), high‐grade histology (p < .05), and sphenoid sinus involvement (p < .05). Survival was not affected by surgical approach between endoscopic and open approaches (p = .76).

Conclusion

Sinonasal adenocarcinomas are commonly identified in the sinonasal cavity and are associated with a relatively favorable prognosis, despite a substantial local failure rate of 30%. Advanced‐stage tumors, sphenoid sinus and skull base invasion, and high‐grade histology portend poor prognosis. In our experience, endoscopic resection was not associated with adverse outcomes and suggests that this minimally invasive approach can provide acceptable oncologic outcomes in selected patients. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 36: 1490–1496, 2014
No clinical evidence for performing trough plasma and intracellular imatinib concentrations monitoring in patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia
Authors: Racil Zdenek , Razga Filip , Klamova Hana , Voglova Jaroslava , Belohlavkova Petra , Malaskova Ludmila , Potesil David , Muzik Jan , Zackova Daniela , Polakova Katerina Machova , Zdrahal Zbynek , Malakova Jana , Suttnar Jiri , Dyr Jan , Mayer Jiri
Published: August 2013

This multicentre study focused on monitoring imatinib mesylate (IMA) trough plasma (Ctrough) and intracellular (IMA Cintrac) concentrations in 228 chronic myelogenous leukaemia patients. The median of measured IMA Ctrough in our patient group was 905.8 ng ml (range: 27.7–4628.1 ng/ml). We found a correlation between IMA Ctrough and alpha 1‐acid glycoprotein plasma concentrations (rS = 0.42; p < 0.001). All other analysed parameters revealed only weak (gender, dose of IMA per kg) or not significant (age, albumin, creatinine plasma concentration or body mass index) impact on measured IMA Ctrough. The IMA Ctrough decreased during the first 6 months and significantly increased later during treatment. The IMA Ctrough at the first month of therapy did not differ between patients with and without an optimal response at the 12th (p = 0.724) and 18th month (p = 0.135) of therapy. There were no significant differences in medians of IMA Ctrough between both groups measured during the first year of treatment. The IMA Cintrac during the first month were not different between patients with and without an optimal response at the 6th (p = 0.273) and the 12th month (p = 0.193) of therapy. Our data obtained from real life clinical practice did not find a benefit of routine and regular IMA Ctrough nor IMA Cintrac therapeutic drug monitoring in chronic myelogenous leukaemia patients or for subsequent adjustments of the IMA dose based on these results. Moreover, actual alpha 1‐acid glycoprotein plasma concentration should be used for proper interpretation of IMA Ctrough results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unsteady Mixed Convection Flow of a Rotating Second‐Grade Fluid on a Rotating Cone
Authors: Nadeem S. , Saleem S.
Published: August 2013

In the present article, we have investigated the unsteady mixed convection flow of a rotating second‐grade fluid in a rotating cone with time‐dependent angular velocities. Two cases of heat transfer are presented which are known as (i) prescribed wall temperature (PWT) and (ii) prescribed heat flux (PHF). The governing coupled nonlinear partial differential equations are simplified with the help of transformations and non‐dimensional similar and non‐similar variables, and solved analytically with the help of the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effects of pertinent parameters on the velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction coefficients, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number have been examined through graphs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 43(3): 204–220, 2014; Published online 30 August 2013 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21072
A review of topical high‐concentration L‐menthol as a translational model of cold allodynia and hyperalgesia
Authors: Andersen H.H. , Olsen R.V. , Møller H.G. , Eskelund P.W. , Gazerani P. , Arendt‐Nielsen L.
Published: August 2013

Background

Cold allodynia and cold hyperalgesia are both elusive features of neuropathic pain, particularly in patients with various polyneuropathies. Numerous studies have suggested that topical application of L‐menthol causes temporary cold hypersensitivity and thus acts as a proxy for associated symptoms. This review summarizes studies on L‐menthol‐induced nociception, cold allodynia and cold hyperalgesia in vitro, in animals and in humans.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases until February 2013. Obtained manuscripts were reviewed for relevancy and reference lists of the retrieved articles were cross‐checked for additional important studies. Solely the literature regarding topical application of L‐menthol in humans was attained systematically. Of the total identified studies (96), 10 met the inclusion criteria being controlled studies applying L‐menthol at a concentration of ≥30%.

Results

The extracted data are meticulously compared and presented with emphasis on clarity and transparency. In seven animal studies, cold allodynia or hyperalgesia was successfully established utilizing various methods. Eight studies in healthy volunteers unanimously reported a significant increase in cold pain threshold, representing cold allodynia and increased supra‐threshold cold pain sensitivity, thus demonstrating cold hyperalgesia.

Conclusions

Topical high‐concentration L‐menthol consistently induces cold hypersensitivity in animals and humans, thus constituting a predictable surrogate model of cold allodynia and hyperalgesia. Understanding translational features of this model and its underlying mechanisms could be valuable in preclinical and human phases of drug development and in improving current treatment of patients with polyneuropathy.
Enhancing neuronal growth from human endometrial stem cells derived neuron‐like cells in three‐dimensional fibrin gel for nerve tissue engineering
Authors: Navaei‐Nigjeh Mona , Amoabedini Ghasem , Noroozi Abbas , Azami Mahmoud , Asmani Mohammad N. , Ebrahimi‐Barough Somayeh , Saberi Hooshang , Ai Armin , Ai Jafar
Published: August 2013

Nerve tissue engineering (NTE) is one of the most promising methods to restore central nerve systems in human health care. Three‐dimensional (3D) distribution and growth of cells within the porous scaffold composed of nanofibers are of clinical significance for NTE. In this study, an attempt was made to develop and characterize the use of fibrin gel and human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs)‐derived neuron‐like cells simultaneously to support cell behavior especially neuron outgrowth. The structural and mechanical characteristics of fibrin gel scaffold were examined with SEM and rheometer. Also, hEnSCs‐derived neuron‐like cells were cultured in fibrin gel and were subsequently analyzed with immunofluorescent staining against neuronal markers. In parallel, the survival and growth rates of the cells were determined by MTT assay and neurite extension. At the end, cell–matrix interactions were investigated with SEM and TEM micrographs. Mechanical properties of fabricated scaffold were studied and results indicated appropriate choice of material, SEM and TEM showed excellent integration of cells with nanofibers regarding the relation between cells and fibrin gel. Immunofluorescent staining of fibrin gel after 6 days of cell seeding and culture demonstrated well expanded and incorporated network of neurons. In addition, viability, proliferation, and neuronal growth of seeded cells were analyzed at days 1, 3, and 6. Comparing those results with 2D culture of seeded cells showed positive effect of 3D culture. Taken together, the results suggest that fibrin can provide a suitable, three‐dimensional scaffold for neuronal survival and outgrowth for regeneration of the central nervous system. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2533–2543, 2014.
Aligned SF/P(LLA‐CL)‐blended nanofibers encapsulating nerve growth factor for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Kuihua Zhang , Chunyang Wang , Cunyi Fan , Xiumei Mo
Published: August 2013

Artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) containing bioactive neurotrophic factors and topographical structure to biomimic native tissues are essential for efficient regeneration of nerve gaps. In this study, aligned SF/P(LLA‐CL) nanofibers encapsulating nerve growth factor (NGF), which was stabilized by SF in core, were fabricated via a coaxial electrospinning technique. The controlled release of NGF from the nanofibers was evaluated using enzyme‐linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and PC12 cell‐based bioassay over a 60‐day time period. The results demonstrated that NGF presented a sustained release and remained biological activity over 60 days. Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) were fabricated by reeling the aligned SF/P(LLA‐CL) nanofibrous scaffolds encapsulating NGF and then used as a bridge implanted across a 15‐mm defect in the sciatic nerve of rats to promote nerve regeneration. The outcome in terms of regenerated nerve at 12 weeks was evaluated by a combination of electrophysiological assessment, histochemistry, and electron microscopy. All results clarified that the NGF‐encapsulated‐aligned SF/P(LLA‐CL) NGCs promoted peripheral nerve regeneration significantly better than the aligned SF/P(LLA‐CL) NGCs, suggesting that the released NGF from nanofibers could effectively promote the regeneration of peripheral nerve. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2680–2691, 2014.
The effect of glycation on arterial microstructure and mechanical response
Authors: Stephen Elizabeth A. , Venkatasubramaniam Arundhathi , Good Theresa A. , Topoleski L. D. T.
Published: August 2013

Like engineered materials, an artery's biomechanical behavior and function depend on its microstructure. Glycation is associated with both normal aging and diabetes and has been shown to increase arterial stiffness. In this study we examined the direct effect of glycation on the mechanical response of intact arteries and on the mechanical response and structure of elastin isolated from the arteries. Samples of intact arteries and isolated elastin were prepared from porcine aortas and glycated. The mechanical response of all samples was completed using a uniaxial material test system. Glycation levels were measured using ELISA. A confocal microscope was used to image differences in the structure of the glycated and untreated elastin fibers. We found that, under the conditions used in this study, glycation led to decreased stiffness of elastin isolated from arteries, which was associated with a thinning of elastin fibers as imaged by confocal microscopy. We observed no effect of glycation on collagen fibers under our treatment conditions. These results suggest that glycation leads to weakening of the elastin component of arteries that could contribute to vascular defects seen in diabetes and aging. Prevention of glycation reactions may be an important consideration for vascular health later in life. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2565–2572, 2014.
Bone‐derived titanium coating improves in vivo implant osseointegration in an experimental animal model
Authors: Cecconi Stefano , Mattioli‐Belmonte Monica , Manzotti Sandra , Orciani Monia , Piccioli Andrea , Gigante Antonio
Published: August 2013

Coating of orthopaedic or dental Titanium (Ti) implants with extracellular bone matrix components (e.g., Type I collagen or hydroxyapatite) is usually performed to enhance their osseointegration. Aim of the present research is the evaluation of an innovative bone‐derived Ti coating, containing bone apatite and Type I bone collagen preserved, in an experimental model. Coated and uncoated titanium implants were inserted into the extra‐articular bone of the distal femur of twelve New Zealand White Rabbits. Labelling of bone formation was performed by sequential intraperitoneal administration of three stains. After 45 and 90 days animals were sacrificed. Bone specimens were embedded in a glycol methacrylate resin and sectioned along a plane parallel to the long axis of the implants for histomorphometric, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray analyses. Bone implant contact (BIC), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and calcium–phosphorus ratio were measured. Data were subjected to nonparametric Wilcoxon rank‐sum test and Student's t test. All implants healed without adverse reactions. After 45 days from implant, significant (p < 0.05) differences in BIC (55.6 ± 17.1% vs. 29.2 ± 20.1%) and Tb.Th (108.7 ± 67.1 µm vs. 66.6 ± 48.6 µm) were observed between coated and uncoated implants. Significant (p < 0.05) differences in BIC (61.3 ± 2.1% vs. 35.7 ± 16.4%) and Tb.Th (211.4 ± 80.8 µm vs. 150.9 ± 61.5 µm) between coated and uncoated implants were also detected after 90 days. No differences were measured in calcium–phosphorous ratio. Our data indicate that Ti integration can be enhanced by the proposed surface coating. This could accelerate stable implant fixation and early or immediate loading of the device. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 303–310, 2014.
A simple surrogate test method to rank the wear performance of prospective ceramic materials under hip prosthesis edge‐loading conditions
Authors: Sanders Anthony P. , Brannon Rebecca M.
Published: August 2013

This research has developed a novel test method for evaluating the wear resistance of ceramic materials under severe contact stresses simulating edge loading in prosthetic hip bearings. Simply shaped test specimens – a cylinder and a spheroid – were designed as surrogates for an edge‐loaded, head/liner implant pair. Equivalency of the simpler specimens was assured in the sense that their theoretical contact dimensions and pressures were identical, according to Hertzian contact theory, to those of the head/liner pair. The surrogates were fabricated in three ceramic materials: Al2O3, zirconia‐toughened alumina (ZTA), and ZrO2. They were mated in three different material pairs and reciprocated under a 200 N normal contact force for 1000–2000 cycles, which created small (<1 mm2) wear scars. The three material pairs were ranked by their wear resistance, quantified by the volume of abraded material measured using an interferometer. Similar tests were performed on edge‐loaded hip implants in the same material pairs. The surrogates replicated the wear rankings of their full‐scale implant counterparts and mimicked their friction force trends. The results show that a proxy test using simple test specimens can validly rank the wear performance of ceramic materials under severe, edge‐loading contact stresses, while replicating the beginning stage of edge‐loading wear. This simple wear test is therefore potentially useful for screening and ranking new, prospective materials early in their development, to produce optimized candidates for more complicated full‐scale hip simulator wear tests. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 311–321, 2014.
Visualization of Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor 1α‐p300 Interactions in Live Cells by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Kim So Yeon , Lee Myong Jin , Na Yu‐Ran , Kim Sang Yoon , Yang Eun Gyeong
Published: August 2013

Hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α mediates the hypoxia response signaling pathway essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis in low oxygen environments through its complex formation with CBP/p300 in the nucleus. Employing fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), we devised a live‐cell interaction assay based on reporter proteins by tagging fluorescent proteins onto the carboxy termini of HIF‐1α and p300. The nature of the constructed reporter protein was verified by observing localized distribution, degradation, and stabilization kinetics in cells transfected with the HIF‐1α containing plasmid. A mutant HIF‐1α incapable of binding to p300 was then utilized to demonstrate insignificant FRET efficiency, thereby confirming that our constructs could effectively probe the direct interaction between HIF‐1α and p300. We further examined the effects of small molecules known to modulate the HIF‐1α‐p300 interaction and transcriptional activity on FRET. Finally, by inhibiting activities of two HIF‐specific hydroxylases, HIF‐specific prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) 2 and factor inhibiting HIF‐1 (FIH‐1) with their specific siRNAs, we explored how these HIF‐specific hydroxylases contribute to the HIF‐1α‐p300 interaction by FRET measurements along with HIF‐1 mediated transcriptional activation. Therefore, this technique would provide a way to study selective inhibition of either PHD2 or FIH‐1 within living cells, and to screen specific inhibitors of HIF‐mediated transcription activity for therapeutic applications. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 271–280, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphology and expression status investigations of specific surface markers on B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Niu Suli , Chan Ryan , Berini Pierre , Wang Chen , Zou Shan
Published: August 2013

The morphology of cells and expression status of specific surface markers [cluster of differentiation (CD)], such as CD5, CD19, CD20, CD38, and CD45, have long been considered as the essential indicators for the diagnosis and prognosis of B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL). Clinically, it is difficult to simultaneously obtain cell morphology and distribution of surface markers with flow cytometry, especially for some surrogate markers such as CD38. Here, as an alternative and complementary prognostic method, fluorescence microscopy and image processing method are introduced to directly visualize the cells from patients and to quantitatively determine the expression status of surface markers. In this study, the morphological parameters of B‐CLL cells were measured to establish the correlation between the cellular morphology and the surface marker expression. It was clear that the CD38+ and CD38− B‐CLL cells from the same CD38+ patients had hardly any size differences; however, an increase in perimeter was observed for CD38− patients. Moreover, the expression level of the receptors on the cell was independent of the cell size. There was no evidence showing that the expression intensities of CD19 and CD38 were related to each other for the CD38+ B‐CLL cells. On the same cells, CD5 was more selectively expressed on the cell membrane; however, the expression patterns suggested that the cell membrane of CD38− B‐CLL cells contained the least expression level of CD19. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:1147–1153, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Choosability with Separation of Complete Multipartite Graphs and Hypergraphs
Authors: Füredi Zoltán , Kostochka Alexandr , Kumbhat Mohit
Published: August 2013

For a hypergraph G and a positive integer s, let be the minimum value of l such that G is L‐colorable from every list L with for each and for all . This parameter was studied by Kratochvíl, Tuza, and Voigt for various kinds of graphs. Using randomized constructions we find the asymptotics of for balanced complete multipartite graphs and for complete k‐partite k‐uniform hypergraphs.
What is the most adapted indication of prophylactic pancreatic duct stent within the high‐risk group of post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis? Using the propensity score analysis
Authors: Takenaka Mamoru , Fujita Tsuyoshi , Sugiyama Daisuke , Masuda Atsuhiro , Shiomi Hideyuki , Sugimoto Maki , Sanuki Tsuyoshi , Hayakumo Takanobu , Azuma Takeshi , Kutsumi Hiromu
Published: August 2013

Background

Conducting randomized controlled trial (RCT) for each of the risk factors associated with prophylactic pancreatic duct stent (PPDS) for post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) is difficult owing to the volume of cases and ethical considerations. In this study, we tried to reveal the degree of preventive effects of PPDS for each individual risk factor within the high‐risk group of PEP using the propensity score analysis.

Methods

The clinical data of 1131 ERCP practices performed at Kobe University Hospital from April 2006 to February 2009 were collected prospectively. We investigated their clinical characteristics including the risk factors of PEP, the use of PPDS and complications of ERCP. We conducted the stratification analysis using the propensity score matching analysis.

Results

In 210 propensity score‐matched ERCPs, PPDS proved to be effective in preventing PEP in patients with a history of pancreatitis (odds ratio 0.11, 95% CI 0.01–0.76, P = 0.01) and cases of difficult cannulation (requiring more than 30 min) (odds ratio 0.13, 95% CI 0.01–1.14, P = 0.08).

Conclusions

Patients with a history of pancreatitis and cases of difficult cannulation are strongly recommended for PPDS placement. The propensity score analysis can be adapted to the ERCP‐related analysis with many procedure‐related factors with using retrospective data, and may be adapted to investigate the matters that are unsuitable for RCT by volume and ethical issue.
Social cognition in leader–follower relationships: Applying insights from relationship science to understanding relationship‐based approaches to leadership
Authors: Thomas Geoff , Martin Robin , Epitropaki Olga , Guillaume Yves , Lee Allan
Published: August 2013

Relationship‐based approaches to leadership (e.g., Leader–Member Exchange theory) currently represent one of the most popular approaches to understanding workplace leadership. Although the concept of “relationship” is central to these approaches, generally this has not been well articulated and is often conceptualized simply in terms of relationship quality between the leader and the follower. In contrast, research in the wider relationship science domain provides a more detailed exposition of relationships and how they form and develop. We propose that research and methodology developed in relationship science (i.e., close relationships) can enhance understanding of the leader–follower relationship and therefore advance theory in this area. To address this issue, we organize our review in two areas. First, we examine how a social cognitive approach to close relationships can benefit an understanding of the leader–follower relationship (in terms of structure, content, and processes). Second, we show how the research designs and methodologies that have been developed in relationship science can be applied to understand better the leader–follower relationship. The cross‐fertilization of research from the close relationships literature to understanding the leader–follower relationship provides new insights into leadership processes and potential avenues for further research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manganese in substrate clays—harmful for plants?
Authors: Binner Inga , Schenk Manfred K.
Published: August 2013

Mixtures of peat and substrate clays are commonly used as growth media for horticultural plant production. A quality protocol for substrate clays defines a threshold value of active manganese (Mnact = sum of exchangeable and easily reducible Mn) in substrate clays of < 500 mg kg–1 to prevent toxic reactions of plants. This threshold value was tested in experiments with peat‐clay blends under various growth conditions, and nutrient solution experiments were additionally conducted to investigate the effects of silicic acid and dissolved organic matter on the occurrence of Mn toxicity. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) plants were cultivated in different peat‐clay substrates and in peat under different moisture and pH levels. The clays varied in their Mnact content from 4–2354 mg kg–1. The results of the substrate experiments reveal that a threshold value for Mn in substrate clays is not justified, as plants grown in all peat‐clay substrates did not develop any Mn toxicity even at high substrate moisture or low pH conditions which are known to increase the Mn availability. The extraction of active Mn did not well reflect the Mn concentrations in plant dry matter and substrate solution. As plants tolerated high Mn concentrations in the substrate solution compared to the nutrient solution without toxicity symptoms, the influence of silicic acid and dissolved organic matter (DOM) on Mn toxicity was characterized in a nutrient‐solution experiment. Manganese toxicity was clearly diminished by silicic acid application, but not by DOM. The former effect probably explains the tolerance of bean plants in peat substrates where high silicon concentrations in the substrate solution were observed. Peat‐clay blends even provided up to five times more silicon to plants than pure peat.
Environmental Turbulence: Samasraya as Response Model
Authors: Hajela Ashish
Published: August 2013

An innovative response mechanism for changed environmental turbulence is based on the proposed qualitative research methodology called hermeneutics, involving understanding ancient texts and applying them to current contexts.
Developing Risk Management as a Competitive Capability
Authors: Silva Emmanuel Sirimal , Wu Yue , Ojiako Udechukwu
Published: August 2013

At the level of the firm, three major parameters are found to influence the ability of SMEs to develop risk management competencies; these are enterprise risk management, internal control, and risk culture.
Assessing Performance Determinants of Higher Education Academics in Developed and Emerging Economies: UK vs. Vietnam
Authors: McCarthy Dermot C. , Bui Hong T. M. , Chau Vinh Sum
Published: August 2013

The analysis of two major universities in the UK and Vietnam reveals that individual characteristics determine both academic teaching and research performance regardless of the development stage of their economic context.
Soil Water Repellency Dynamics in Pine and Eucalypt Plantations in Portugal – A High‐resolution Time Series
Authors: Santos Juliana M. , Verheijen Frank G. A. , Tavares Wahren Filipa , Wahren Andreas , Feger Karl‐Heinz , Bernard‐Jannin Léonard , Rial‐Rivas María E. , Keizer Jacob J. , Nunes Joao P.
Published: August 2013

During the 20th century, afforestation resulted in plantations of Pine and Eucalypt becoming the main crops in north‐central Portugal with associated and well‐known soil water repellency (SWR). The aim of this study was to improve the insights in the temporal dynamics and abrupt transitions in water repellency of the topsoil and the mechanism that determine the behaviour of SWR. Topsoil water repellency was monitored in the Caramulo Mountains (north‐central Portugal) between July 2011 and June 2012. The intensity of SWR was measured in situ at soil depths of 0, 2.5 and 7.5 cm using the ‘molarity of an ethanol droplet’ test. Volumetric soil moisture content was monitored in situ using a Decagon ECH2O EC‐5 probe. SWR behaviour broadly followed five alternating dry and wet periods during the 12‐month period, with more pronounced differences in the Pine site than in the Eucalypt site. SWR under Eucalypt was substantially more temporally dynamic than under Pine, with double the number of moderate and large SWR changes at the 7.5 cm depth. Soil moisture content and antecedent rainfall were better correlated to SWR under Pine than under Eucalypt, although in both cases insufficient to predict the temporal variations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absolute Quantitation of Sub‐Micrometer Particles in Cells by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Höcherl Anita , Landfester Katharina , Mailänder Volker
Published: August 2013

Absolute quantitative measurements of nanoparticle (NP) uptake are a prerequisite to determine doses of NPs in pharmacological and toxicological studies. However, absolute quantitation is rarely reported, hindering the comparison between different studies. Here, a new flow cytometric approach is presented to analyze fluorescent NPs with a “standard” non‐scanning flow cytometer and to quantify them inside cells. The mean fluorescence intensity of a single particle and the particle concentration (NPs per μL medium) are obtained. A routine for rapid quantitative counting of the endocytosed NPs in HeLa cells by flow cytometry (FC) is developed and validated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. As a proof‐of‐concept, the quantitative measurements show that the cellular uptake efficiency of negatively charged poly(methyl methacrylate) NPs is very low, that is, in the range of 10−3% of the added particle amount.
Exposure of breastfed infants to quercetin after consumption of a single meal rich in quercetin by their mothers
Authors: Romaszko Ewa , Wiczkowski Wiesław , Romaszko Jerzy , Honke Joanna , Piskula Mariusz K.
Published: August 2013

Scope

The exposure to quercetin (Q) has not been studied in breastfed infants whose mothers were consuming a Q‐rich diet. The objective of the study was to determine whether plant‐origin antioxidant‐Q passes from the mother's diet to her milk and to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of this phenomenon.

Methods and results

Eleven breastfeeding women were included in this controlled case study. Volunteers followed a Q‐restricted diet for 5 consecutive days with the exception of the 3rd day when they received a single meal providing 1 mg of Q per kg of body weight. Urine analysis showed the presence of Q already in the first collected samples after the test (1.5–4 h), which indicated its rapid absorption from the meal. The Cmax = 68 ± 8.44 nmol/L concentration of Q in the milk was calculated for Tmax = 11.89 ± 3.37 h. It was significantly different (p = 0.007) from 40 nmol/L and (p = 0.016) from 42 nmol/L of Q concentration before and 48 h after the test, respectively.

Conclusions

Q was shown to be a component of human milk at the nmol/L level. Infants breastfed by mothers consuming a diet rich in Q are exposed to a dose of approximately 0.01 mg of Q daily.
Role of standardized grape polyphenol preparation as a novel treatment to improve synaptic plasticity through attenuation of features of metabolic syndrome in a mouse model
Authors: Wang Jun , Tang Cheuk , Ferruzzi Mario G. , Gong Bing , Song Brian J. , Janle Elsa M. , Chen Tzu‐Ying , Cooper Bruce , Varghese Merina , Cheng Alice , Freire Daniel , Bilski Amanda , Roman Jessica , Nguyen Tuyen , Ho Lap , Talcott Stephen T. , Simon James E. , Wu Qingli , Pasinetti Giulio M.
Published: August 2013

Scope

Metabolic syndrome has become an epidemic and poses tremendous burden on the health system. People with metabolic syndrome are more likely to experience cognitive decline. As obesity and sedentary lifestyles become more common, the development of early prevention strategies is critical. In this study, we explore the potential beneficial effects of a combinatory polyphenol preparation composed of grape seed extract, Concord purple grape juice extract, and resveratrol, referred to as standardized grape polyphenol preparation (SGP), on peripheral as well as brain dysfunction induced by metabolic syndrome.

Methods and results

We found dietary fat content had minimal effect on absorption of metabolites of major polyphenols derived from SGP. Using a diet‐induced animal model of metabolic syndrome (DIM), we found that brain functional connectivity and synaptic plasticity are compromised in the DIM mice. Treatment with SGP not only prevented peripheral metabolic abnormality but also improved brain synaptic plasticity.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that SGP, comprised of multiple bioavailable and bioactive components targeting a wide range of metabolic syndrome related pathological features, provides greater global protection against peripheral and central nervous system dysfunctions and can be potentially developed as a novel prevention/treatment for improving brain connectivity and synaptic plasticity important for learning and memory.
Bioadhesives: A Review
Authors: Khanlari Samaneh , Dubé Marc A.
Published: August 2013

Bioadhesives are high molecular weight, biocompatible, biodegradable polymers used to join two surfaces where at least one of them is a living tissue. Bioadhesives are used for two main purposes, first as a replacement for surgical sutures and second as a substitute for traditional drug dosage systems. There are several considerations and issues associated with the use of biopolymers in suture‐less surgery as well as in drug delivery systems. Herein is presented a review of bioadhesives; the focus being on the adhesive properties. Bioadhesives for tissue joining are considered first, along with their main characteristics and advantages. That is followed by a discussion on the use of bioadhesives as drug carriers for efficient drug delivery.
Assessment of diffusion parameters by intravoxel incoherent motion MRI in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Marzi Simona , Piludu Francesca , Vidiri Antonello
Published: August 2013

The objectives of this study were to assess the diffusion parameters derived from intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to investigate the agreement between different methods of tumor delineation and two numerical methods to extract the perfusion fraction f. Thirty‐seven untreated patients with histopathologically confirmed primary HNSCC were included retrospectively in the study. The entire volume of the primary tumor was outlined on diffusion‐weighted images using co‐registered morphological images as a guide to the tumor location. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and IVIM diffusion parameters were estimated considering the largest tumor section as well as the entire tumor volume. A bi‐exponential fit was implemented to extract f, D (pure diffusion coefficient) and D* (pseudo‐diffusion coefficient). A second simplified method, based on an asymptotic extrapolation, was used to determine f. The agreement between ADC and IVIM diffusion parameters derived from the delineation of single and multiple slices, and between the two f estimations, was assessed by Bland–Altman plots. The inter‐slice variability of ADC and IVIM diffusion parameters was evaluated. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to investigate whether the tumor location had a statistically significant influence on the values of the parameters. Comparing the tumor delineation methods, a better accordance was found for ADC and D, with a mean percentage difference of less than 2%. Larger discrepancies were found for f and D*, with mean differences of 4.5% and 5.5%, respectively. When comparing the two f estimation methods, small mean differences were found (<3.5%), suggesting that the two methods may be considered as equivalent for the assessment of f in our patient population. The observed ADC and IVIM diffusion parameters were dependent on the anatomic site of the lesion, carcinoma of the nasopharynx showing more homogeneous and dissimilar estimations than other HNSCCs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fine‐grained traffic classification based on functional separation
Authors: Park Byungchul , Won Youngjoon , Chung JaeYoon , Kim Myung‐sup , Hong James Won‐Ki
Published: August 2013

Current efforts to classify Internet traffic highlight accuracy. Previous studies have focused on the detection of major applications such as P2P and streaming applications. However, these applications can generate various types of traffic which are often considered as minor and ignorant traffic portions. As network applications become more complex, the price paid for not concentrating on minor traffic classes is in reduction of accuracy and completeness. In this context, we propose a fine‐grained traffic classification scheme and its detailed method, called functional separation. Our proposal can detect, according to functionalities, different types of traffic generated by a single application and should increase completeness by reducing the amount of undetected traffic. We verify our method with real‐world traffic. Our performance comparison against existing DPI‐based classification frameworks shows that the fine‐grained classification scheme achieves consistently higher accuracyand completeness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WHAT SHAPES CITIZENS' EVALUATIONS OF THEIR PUBLIC OFFICIALS' ACCOUNTABILITY? EVIDENCE FROM LOCAL ETHIOPIA
Authors: Jilke Sebastian
Published: August 2013

In this article, we study which institutional factors shape citizens' views of the local accountability of their public officials. Our departing assumption is that evaluations of local accountability reflect not only citizens' poltical attitudes and beliefs but also whether local institutions contribute to an environment of mutual trust, accountability and ultimately democratic legitimacy. Combining public opinion data from a large‐N citizen survey (N = 10 651) with contextual information for 63 local governments in Ethiopia, we look at access to information, participatory planning and the publicness of basic services as potential predictors of citizens' evaluations of local public officials. Our findings suggest that local context matters. Jurisdictions that provide access to information on political decision making are perceived to have more accountable officials. Moreover, when local governments provide public fora that facilitate citizens' stakes in local planning processes, it positively affects citizens' evaluations of the accountability of their officials. Our study adds to the empirical literatrure by showing that establishing local institutions that can foster citizen–government relations at the local level through inclusive processes is crucial for improving public perceptions of accountability. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cycling for people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Gallen Ian W
Published: August 2013

Cycling is increasing in popularity for both recreational and practical purposes. Marked changes in blood glucose are seen during and following cycling, with risk of hypoglycaemia. There is now an extensive body of clinical and research evidence to assist the clinician when advising the person with type 1 diabetes mellitus, to help people manage diabetes and exercise more effectively. Fortuitously, much of the research evidence is based on cycling. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Two cases of type 1 diabetes in adolescents: to test blood glucose or not to test?
Authors: Yafi Michael
Published: August 2013

Coping with diabetes and managing daily challenges remain a major factor in adolescents. After initial diagnosis, the daily management of diabetes happens at home. Dealing with diabetes on a daily basis affects dietary habits and physical activities. Daily multiple testing of finger blood glucose levels increases the emotional burden of the disease. Clarifying the responsibility for diabetes self‐management should be a continuous dialogue between adolescents and parents.

These are two cases of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus that did not have direct parental supervision at home. The two adolescents concerned have altered the results of their self‐glucose monitoring to obtain secondary gain and avoid diabetes self‐management, showing how manipulative teenagers can be when it comes to dealing with diabetes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Computational modeling of block‐copolymer directed self‐assembly
Authors: Ginzburg Valeriy V. , Weinhold Jeffrey D. , Trefonas Peter
Published: August 2013

Directed self‐assembly (DSA) is a potentially promising method of writing lithographic patterns on a sub‐40 nm length‐scale. While the utility of DSA has been demonstrated in principle, there are many challenges that need to be solved before its wide adoption in the semiconductor industry. Computational modeling is crucial in addressing many of those challenges, for example, optimizing polymer formulations, producing a better pattern, or predicting the defect density. In particular, the use of mesoscale approaches such as Self‐Consistent Field Theory (SCFT), coarse‐grained Monte Carlo, coarse‐grained Molecular Dynamics, and Dynamic Density Functional Theory (DDFT) to describe polymer morphology—both bulk and in confinement—is now widespread. These models are used to predict phase behavior of block copolymers in thin films (undirected self‐assembly), as well as in cases of chemo‐ and graphoepitaxy (DSA). In the near future, modeling is expected to be an integral part of formulation design and screening process. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 90–95
Engineered solubility tag for solution NMR of proteins
Authors: Ruschak Amy M. , Rose Justine D. , Coughlin Michael P. , Religa Tomasz L.
Published: August 2013

The low solubility of many proteins hinders large scale expression and purification as well as biophysical measurements. Here, we devised a general strategy to solubilize a protein by conjugating it at a solvent‐exposed position to a 6 kDa protein that was re‐engineered to be highly soluble. We applied this method to the CARD domain of Apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a CARD (ASC), which represents one member of a class of proteins that are notoriously prone to aggregation. Attachment of the tag to a cysteine residue, introduced by site‐directed mutagenesis at its self‐association interface, improved the solubility of the ASC CARD over 50‐fold under physiological conditions. Although it is not possible to use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to obtain a high quality 2D correlation spectrum of the wild type domain under physiological conditions, we demonstrate that NMR relaxation parameters of the solubilized variant are sufficiently improved to facilitate virtually any demanding measurement. The method shown here represents a straightforward approach for dramatically increasing protein solubility, enabled by ease of labeling as well as flexibility in tag placement with minimal perturbation to the target. © 2013 The Protein Society
Phasing statistics for alpha helical membrane protein structures
Authors: Parker Joanne L. , Newstead Simon
Published: August 2013

In this report we highlight the latest trends in phasing methods used to solve alpha helical membrane protein structures and analyze the use of heavy atom metals for the purpose of experimental phasing. Our results reveal that molecular replacement is emerging as the most successful method for phasing alpha helical membrane proteins, with the notable exception of the transporter family, where experimentally derived phase information still remains the most effective method. To facilitate selection of heavy atoms salts for experimental phasing an analysis of these was undertaken and indicates that organic mercury salts are still the most successful heavy atoms reagents. Interestingly the use of seleno‐l‐methionine incorporated protein has increased since earlier studies into membrane protein phasing, so too the use of SAD and MAD as techniques for phase determination. Taken together this study provides a brief snapshot of phasing methods for alpha helical membrane proteins and suggests possible routes for heavy atom selection and phasing methods based on currently available data.
School, teacher, peers, and parents' goals emphases and adolescents' motivation to learn science in and out of school
Authors: Vedder‐Weiss Dana , Fortus David
Published: August 2013

Achievement goal theory distinguishes between mastery goals (the goals of developing competence) and performance goals (the goals of demonstrating competence) [Ames [1992] Journal of Educational Psychology 84: 261–271]. In this study, we employed this theory aiming to better understand why adolescents' motivation to learn science declines with age in many schools yet not in others. We collected survey data from 5th to 8th grade Israeli students (N = 1,614). Utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) methods, we investigated the relations between students' perceptions of goals emphases in their environment (by parents, peers, teachers, and schools), their own goals orientations and their engagement in science learning in and out of school (classroom and extra‐curricular engagement). In addition, we compared between these relations in traditional and democratic schools and in elementary and middle school grade levels. Findings show that: (A) perceptions of the goals that significant adults (parents and teachers) emphasize were better predictors of students' motivation, in and out of school, than perceptions of the goals that peers and schools emphasize; (B) perceptions of teachers' performance goals emphases negatively predicted classroom engagement; (C) the relative effect of perceived parents' mastery emphasis on extra‐curricular engagement was higher in elementary grades than in middle school grades; (D) the relative effect of perceived school's mastery emphasis was higher in middle school grades than in elementary grades; and (E) students' mastery goals orientation in science class was a strong predictor of their extra‐curricular engagement. Implications for both research and practice are discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50: 952–988, 2013
Treatment with garlic restores membrane thiol content and ameliorates lead induced early death of erythrocytes in mice
Authors: Sarkar Avik , Sengupta Dipanwita , Mandal Samir , Sen Gargi , Dutta Chowdhury Kaustav , Chandra Sadhukhan Gobinda
Published: August 2013

Sequelae of chronic lead (Pb2+) toxicity includes anemia that is partially due to early death of erythrocytes characterized by excess accumulation of ROS and downregulation of antioxidant system causing oxidative stress and externalization of phosphatidylserine. In this study, pathophysiological based therapeutic application of garlic was evaluated against erythrocyte death. Results suggest that garlic administration prevents oxidative stress, restored the antioxidant balance in erythrocytes of Pb2+ exposed mice. Moreover, in vitro studies revealed that activity of both scramblase and aminophospholipid translocase could be changed by modifying the critical sulfhydryl groups in presence of dithiothreitol during Pb2+ exposure. Data also indicated that garlic treatment in Pb2+ exposed mice exhibited sharp decline in PS exposure and increase in erythrocyte membrane thiol group followed by increase in aminophospholipid translocase activity and decline in scramblase activity. Findings indicated that garlic has the ability to restore the lifespan of erythrocytes during Pb2+ exposure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 396–410, 2015.