bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How diatom Cylindrotheca closterium vanquish invasive copepod Oithona davisae
Authors: Khanaychenko A. N.
Published: October 2018

Some diatoms are rich food for herbivorous copepods, while others are toxic for their recruitment. No negative effect of diatom Cylindrotheca closterium was ever observed for copepods, and some estuarine copepods preferred it as a food. Data on grazing diatoms by abundant now in the Black Sea coastal waters invasive copepod Oithona davisae are still contradictory. Interaction of O. davisae and C. closterium, both having high colonizing potential and both typical for coastal waters, was studied in experimental culture. Two weeks after inoculation of C. closterium the cultured O. davisae was drastically fouled by globulous conglomerates of diatom cells. Diatom cells in “colonies” on copepod exoskeleton were interconnected by means of adhesive substances at one of their flexible ends at the point-wise areas at various parts of copepods exoskeleton, and the opposite flexible ends performed various circular roll-over fan-shaped movements around the axis passing through the point of their attachment. “Colonies” behaved as integrated aggressive organisms against any approaching flagellate and prevented normal locomotion of copepods. Herein we present the first report on epizoic behavior of C. closterium: quick disastrous colonization of alive copepods O. davisae by diatom “colonies” led to total extinction of cyclopoid experimental population while alive diatoms formed dense network on copepods degenerative tissues.
The use of principal component analysis for the assessment of the spatial variability of curative waters from the Busko-Zdrój and Solec-Zdrój region (Poland) – preliminary results
Authors: Wątor Katarzyna , Kmiecik Ewa , Lipiec Iwona
Published: October 2018

In the Busko-Zdrój and Solec-Zdrój region (Poland), curative waters with different concentrations of sulphur(II) compounds are extracted. In this paper, waters from 14 intakes were considered. The waters analysed are chloride-sodium, sulphide, iodide (Cl–Na, S, I) or chloride-sodium, sulphide (Cl–Na, S) and are especially associated with deep circulation systems (Jurassic limestones) or shallow circulation systems mostly connected with Cretaceous formations (Senonian marls and limestones and Cenomanian sands and sandstones). The aim of this research is to evaluate the similarities or differences between samples of curative water taken from different geological formations and locations. Principal component analysis was used to assess the similarities between samples of curative waters collected from the intakes being examined. Two principal components were extracted. The analysis indicated that there is a difference between the chemical composition of waters taken from different stratigraphies. Water samples from Cretaceous formations of Cenomanian and Senonian age are similar. There is a small difference observed for waters abstracted from the Neogene and Cretaceous. However, these differences mostly resulted from SO42− and Ca2+ concentrations.
T-type Calcium Channels in Health and Disease
Authors: Wang Dan , Ragnarsson Lotten , Lewis Richard J.
Published: October 2018

Low Voltage-Activated (LVA) T-type calcium channels are characterized by transient current and Low Threshold Spikes (LTS) that trigger neuronal firing and oscillatory behavior. Combined with their preferential localization in dendrites and their specific “window current”, T-type calcium channels are considered to be key players in signal amplification and synaptic integration. Assisted by the emerging pharmacological tools, the structural determinants of channel gating and kinetics, as well as novel physiological and pathological functions of T-type calcium channels, are being uncovered. In this review, we provide an overview of structural determinants in T-type calcium channels, their involvement in disorders and diseases, the development of novel channel modulators, as well as Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) studies that lead to rational drug design.
Activation of the Glutathione Peroxidase by Metformin in the Bile-duct Ligation induced Liver Injury: In vivo Combined with Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Mansourian Mahboubeh , Sadeghi Hossein , Doustimotlagh Amir Hossein
Published: October 2018

Background:

Inhibition of hepatic fibrosis is an attainable objective in managing the chronic liver
disease. The present study aimed to investigate possible defensive effects of metformin on the activities of antioxidant
enzymes, hydroxyproline content, and biochemical factors in bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced cholestatic
rats. The interactive behavior of metformin with glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme was also explained by
molecular docking and conformation characterization.

Methods:

The present study was conducted on 28-adult male Wistar rats classified into four 7-animal groups:
sham-control, mere BDL, and BDL+ metformin that received daily metformin as gavage in two doses of 250 and
500 mg/kg bw for 10 days. Biochemical analysis, hydroxyproline content, and antioxidant enzymes activity were
also determined.

Results:

The hydroxyproline content significantly increased, but the GPx enzyme activity significantly decreased
in the hepatic tissue following BDL, indicating that an oxidative stress-related model in rats was successfully
constituted. Administration of metformin at two doses attenuated hydroxyproline content in the cholestatic liver
and ameliorated the depletion of GPx enzyme activities compared to the non-treated BDL group (P-value ≤ 0.05).
Molecular docking study provides the evidence for metformin ability to regulate enzymatic activity of GPx.

Conclusion:

The research data indicated that due to novel hepatoprotective effects of metformin in an animal
model with BDL-induced liver injury, it was a potential beneficial therapeutic agent for treating the cholestatic
liver disease. The main mechanism might contribute to antioxidant actions, particularly via GPx enzyme.
Conventional Versus Natural Alternative Treatments for Leishmaniasis: A Review
Authors: Passero Luiz Felipe Domingues , Cruz Lucas Antal , Santos-Gomes Gabriela , Rodrigues Eliana , Laurenti Márcia Dalastra , Lago João Henrique Ghilardi
Published: October 2018

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by protozoan belonging to the Leishmania genus.
There are at least 16 pathogenic species for humans that are able to cause different clinical forms, such
as cutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis. In spite of the different species and clinical forms, the treatment
is performed with few drug options that, in most cases, are considered outdated. In addition, patients
under classical treatment show serious side effects during drug administration, moreover parasites are
able to become resistant to medicines. Thus, it is believed and well accepted that is urgent and necessary
to develop new therapeutic options to overpass these concerns about conventional therapy of leishmaniasis.
The present review will focus on the efficacy, side effects and action mechanism of classic drugs
used in the treatment of leishmaniasis, as well as the importance of traditional knowledge for directing a
rational search toward the discovery and characterization of new and effective molecules (in vivo assays)
from plants to be used against leishmaniasis.
Safety of Vinflunine in Patients with Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Refractory to Platinum-based Chemotherapy: A Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Abdel-Malek Raafat , Shohdy Kyrillus S. , Abbas Noha , Ismail Mohamed , Hamada Emad , Abdel-Kader Yasser
Published: October 2018

Background:

Several single chemotherapeutic agents have been evaluated as the second-line
treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma. Despite encouraging efficacy outcomes, toxicity has often
led to dose modifications or discontinuation. We aimed to assess the safety of vinflunine in a particular
population of advanced transitional cell carcinoma of urothelium (TCCU), that were exposed to the
previous toxicity of chemotherapy.

Methods:

This is an open-label, prospective, single-center pilot study to evaluate the response rate and
safety profile of vinflunine in patients with advanced TCCU. It was planned to enroll 25 evaluable
patients. Eligible patients are those with progressive disease after first-line platinum-based regimen for
advanced or metastatic disease.

Results:

The study was prematurely closed due to two sudden deaths that were judged by the review
board as treatment-related. Only ten patients were evaluated and received at least one cycle of
vinflunine. All but one were male and seven underwent radical surgery. Eight had a distant metastasis
(mainly lung and/or liver). Disease control rate was 40%, four patients had a partial response with
median duration of response of 3.5 months. The median overall survival was 3.2 months (95% CI:1.67-
4.73). There were three serious adverse events namely two sudden deaths and one grade 4
thrombocytopenia. Nine grade 3/4 adverse events occurred. The most common all-grade adverse events
were fatigue (50%), constipation (40%) and vomiting (40%). Moreover, grade 3 fatigue occurred in
30% of patients. Only one patient, who achieved PR for 5 months, was fit to receive further cytotoxic
chemotherapy.

Conclusion:

The activity of vinflunine in advanced urothelial carcinoma came at the expense of its
safety. The use of vinflunine has to be limited to the selected group of patients. However, this is a
single institute experience in a limited number of patients.
Immunization of Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Arifuzzaman , Ashher Fahim , Karim Tasneem , Fatema Aneeka , Jahan Israt , Muhit Mohammad , Dey Aditi , Beard Frank , Khandaker Gulam
Published: October 2018

Background:

Vaccination is one of the most effective public health tools for the
prevention of infectious diseases, morbidity and disability. Little is known about the rate of maternal
immunization among mothers of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP), as well as any possible
role of maternal immunization in development of CP in the newborns.

Objective:

To determine the socio-demographic characteristics and self-reported vaccination
status of mothers of children with CP and compare vaccination coverage in this cohort with national
data on immunization. The study also aims to assess the vaccination status of children with
CP.

Methods:

A subset of the Bangladesh CP Register (BCPR) cohort of women who had children
with CP were recruited during April 2017 from a community based early intervention and rehabilitation
program going on in Shahjadpur. Socio-demographic characteristics and maternal immunization
status were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The vaccination status of
the children was also assessed by interviewing mother and observing the BCG marks. All data
were compared with the corresponding information among general population using national vaccination
coverage survey reports of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh.

Results:

Sixty-eight mothers were interviewed of which 17.6% of mothers reported not receiving
any vaccine during pregnancy. Tetanus vaccine was most commonly (82.0%) received during
pregnancy. Overall coverage for at least two doses of tetanus toxoid (TT) among mothers of children
with CP was significantly lower than the national tetanus coverage (79.4% versus 96.4%,
p<0.01). Forty-two (61.7%) mothers with a child with CP reported having not received tetanus
vaccine during their pregnancy compared to only twenty (29.4%) mothers with healthy children
reported missing tetanus vaccination during their pregnancy. This difference was statistically significant
(p<0.01). Hepatitis B and influenza vaccine were received by mothers of children with CP
during the antenatal period (2 and 6 respectively).

Conclusion:

Immunization among mothers of children with CP is significantly poorer than the national
coverage. Also, the immunization of the children with CP is poorer than the national EPI
coverage. Our findings reflect the necessity for specific strategies to improve the vaccination coverage
among mothers of children with disabilities especially CP and the children with CP.
Hepatitis B Seroepidemiology in Australia, One Decade After Universal Vaccination of Infants and Adolescents
Authors: Lu Xinting , Quinn Helen E. , Menzies Rob I. , Hueston Linda , Gilbert Lyn , McIntyre Peter B.
Published: October 2018

Background:

This study assessed the impact of the staged introduction of universal infant
and adolescent catch-up hepatitis B vaccination programs on the prevalence of immunity and
past hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in targeted cohorts over almost a decade in Australia.

Methods:

We compared the prevalence of immunity in relevant cohorts of children and adolescents
in repeated national serological surveys conducted in 1998-99, 2002 and 2007. Residual sera
(n =2210) collected opportunistically from Australian laboratories in 2007 were tested for antibody
to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) indicating vaccine-induced immunity; sera from individuals
aged 12-29 years with anti-HBs detected (n =386) were then tested for hepatitis B core
antibody (anti-HBc) to identify past hepatitis B infection.

Results:

In 2007, compared with the baseline period of 1998-99, anti-HBs prevalence had increased
significantly in all age groups below 24 years, by more than double in target children.
Prevalence of anti-HBc was zero in the 12-14 years and reduced by 71% in those aged 15-19
years. The hepatitis B vaccination protected a significant number of targeted adolescents with a
modest vaccine uptake (57% to 60% nationally).

Conclusion:

In a setting without incentives or school entry requirements, adolescent vaccination
coverage was significantly higher when delivered by school-based rather than GP-based mechanisms.
A cohort of children was growing up in Australia with a high prevalence of vaccineinduced
immunity against hepatitis B, providing the best opportunity for controlling HBV infection
in Australia.
Hand Hygiene Compliance and Effectiveness Against Respiratory Infections Among Hajj Pilgrims: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alqahtani Amani S. , Fakeerh Mutaz , Bondagji Daniah , Park Silvia , Heywood Anita E. , Wiley Kerrie E. , Booy Robert , Rashid Harunor
Published: October 2018

The role of hand hygiene in the prevention of respiratory tract infections in Hajj pilgrims
has not been assessed through a focussed systematic review of the literature. Considering
this, a systematic review was undertaken to synthesize the up-to-date literature on the compliance
and effectiveness of hand hygiene among Hajj attendees. Major databases, including OVID Medline,
were searched by using a combination of MeSH terms and text words for potentially relevant
articles. Data from identified articles were abstracted, quality assessed and combined into a summary
effect. Twelve observational studies containing data of 6,320 pilgrims were included. The
compliance of hand washing with non-alcoholic surfactants was 77.7% (ranged from 31.5% to
90.3% in individual studies) and the compliance of hand cleaning with alcoholic products was
44.9% (ranged from 30.7% to 67.4%). Education was a key influencer of hand hygiene practice.
Only three of the six studies that assessed the effectiveness of hand hygiene against clinical disease
found the practice to be effective, and only one of the two studies that evaluated its effectiveness
against a laboratory-confirmed infection found it to be effective. This systematic review suggests
that hand hygiene using non-alcoholic products is generally acceptable among Hajj pilgrims
but there is no conclusive evidence on its effectiveness.
Maximising Refractive Outcomes with an Extended Depth of Focus IOL
Authors: Power Barry , Murphy Rory , Leccisotti Antonio , Moore Tara , Power William , O’Brien Paul
Published: October 2018

Objective:

To assess the impact of the magnitude of preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism on refractive outcomes in patients undergoing cataract surgery or lens exchange with an extended depth of focus intraocular lens. To compare visual outcomes of steep and temporal on-axis corneal incisions.

Setting:

Department of Ophthalmology, Blackrock Clinic, Dublin, Ireland.

Design:

Prospective cohort analysis.

Methods:

Fifty-three consecutive adult patients (94 eyes) undergoing routine phacoemulsification with Symfony IOL implantation were analysed. Exclusion criteria: targets for mini-monovision, incomplete data, other ocular pathology. Data were prospectively collected on pre- and postoperative refraction, keratometry, distance vision, near vision, surgical wound site and Surgically Induced Astigmatism (SIA).

Results:

The average postoperative monocular Uncorrected Distance and Near visual acuities (UDVA and UNVA) were 0.12 LogMAR (± 0.1) (6/7.5+1) and 0.34 LogMAR (± 0.09) respectively. The average binocular UDVA and UNVA were 0.05 (± 0.07) and 0.29 LogMAR (± 0.06) respectively. Low levels of preoperative corneal astigmatism (0-0.99 D) were associated with better LogMAR UDVA and UNVA when compared with higher levels (> 0.99 D): 0.11 (CI 0.103-0.107)vs.0.206 (CI 0.122-0.290) (p=0.015, CI 95%) and 0.33 (CI 0.316 - 0.356)vs.0.39 (CI 0.34-0.43) (p=0.034, CI 95%) respectively. When patients with steep on-axis corneal incisions were compared with temporal on-axis corneal incisions, no difference was detected in visual outcome or SIA.

Conclusion:

The Symfony IOL is an effective surgical means of addressing presbyopia and reducing postoperative spectacle dependence. We stress caution when offering potential spectacle independence for patients with over 1D of preoperative corneal astigmatism as these patients achieve statistically significantly inferior and less predictable visual results.
Optimization of properties of Eucalyptus oriented strand boards by specific gravity of panels
Authors: Souza da Rosa Thiago , Trianoski Rosilani , Iwakiri Setsuo , Miranda Bonduelle Ghislaine , Do Couto Guimarães Claudiney
Published: October 2018

This study aimed to determine the influence of specific gravity on properties of oriented strand boards produced with five Eucalyptus species and get linear models between the properties and the densification of the panels. The species studied were: Eucalyptus benthamii, E. dunni, E. grandis, E. saligna, E. urograndis and the mixture between them. The panels were produced with phenol formaldehyde resin and nominal densities of 0,65 g/cm³ and 0,75 g/cm³. The water absorption has an inverse relationship to the density of the panel. The relation between mechanical properties and specific gravity of the panel is directly proportional. The panels produced with the Eucalyptus species showed better properties than those produced with control species (Pinus taeda), except for tensile perpendicular. By means of linear models obtained in this study conditions for each species, it can estimate the specific gravity to produce oriented strand board panels that adequate the standard requirements.
Distributing vs. Blocking Learning Questions in a Web-Based Learning Environment
Authors: Kapp Felix , Proske Antje , Narciss Susanne , Körndle Hermann
Published: October 2018

Effective studying in web-based learning environments (web-LEs) requires cognitive engagement and demands learners to regulate their learning activities. One way to support learners in web-LEs is to provide interactive learning questions within the learning environment. Even though research on learning questions has a long tradition, there are many open questions on how to design and implement the questions in order to help students to master the demands of web-based learning. This article presents findings from an experiment which deals with the different ways of implementing sets of learning questions in web-LEs. The study investigates whether different distributions of learning questions have an effect on learning activities and achievement. Participants worked on 16 learning questions either distributed within the learning environment in a fine-grained way (1 learning question after each of the 16 subchapters), in a medium-grained way (4 learning questions after every 4 subchapters), or presented blocked (8 learning questions after every 8 subchapters). Blocked presentation of learning questions resulted in less achievement compared to medium-grained and fine-grained distribution of the same learning questions. Learning process data indicates different learning activities in the 3 groups. Participants of the medium-grained group reported more monitoring of their learning process. The results are discussed concerning possible implications for instructional design and future research in the field of web-LEs.
La politique par la rue. Manifestations et propagande politique à Mexico durant la campagne présidentielle de 1909-1910
Authors: Abrassart Loïc
Published: October 2018

“À la différence de Paris dans la Révolution française, et malgré la victoire au Mexique de la 'classe politique', ni la capitale Mexico ni les villes (notamment industrielles) n'ont été le lieu d' événements décisifs pour le sort de la Révolution”. Si cette affirmation peut difficilement être contestée concernant le sort militaire de la révolution, on peut cependant la nuancer: ce qui se joue dans la Révolution mexicaine n'a pas seulement à voir avec la désignation d'un vainqueur. La ville de Mexico est ainsi un des terrains principaux sur lesquels se déroule un des préliminaires politiques de cette révolution: la campagne pour les élections présidentielles de 1910.
Modernos y descentrados: una redefinición del espacio y del poder cívico religioso en dos pueblos Chuj (Huehuetenango, Guatemala)
Authors: Piedrasanta Herrera Ruth
Published: October 2018

En este trabajo se señalan las graves tensiones y rupturas producidas por dos momentos ligados a la modernización en el espacio grupal chuj. Estos momentos han afectado profundamente el poder de las autoridades civiles y religiosas y con ello la representación y la gestión real y simbólica de un espacio grupal distintivo. Para entender estos procesos, se examinan ciertos rituales calendáricos, en particular el de la profecía ocurrida al final del Oyeb’ku. Ésta sitúa un escenario posible para un nuevo ciclo temporal en un espacio ligado al territorio y geografía sagrada, donde se contempla la injerencia de factores externos que atañen a los chuj. A la vez, este rito constituye un acto de reinstauración de un orden espaciotemporal que les resulta propio. Actualmente, con la ruptura entre autoridad civil y religiosa, se despliegan unidades más discretas encargadas de restablecer el frágil orden de un mundo centrado y en equilibrio, en medio de un contexto global, desordenado y difuso.Abstract: In this paper I point out the severe tensions and ruptures generated in two moments linked with the modernization of chuj collective space. These moments have deeply affected the power of civil and religious authorities, and therefore the representation and management of real and symbolic collective space. With this aim, I examine certain calenderic rituals, in particular those that occur in the prophecy made at the end of the Oyeb’ku. This prophecy of the New Year places a possible scenario for a new temporal cycle in the space associated to chuj territory and sacred geography, where the interference of external factors is considered. This ritual also reestablishes chuj spaciotemporal order. With the rupture between civil and religious authorities, smaller and more separate units open out in the restoration of a focused and balanced world order, although fragile, in the midst of a global, diffused, and jumbled context.Résumé : Dans ce travail, on note les graves tensions et ruptures produites dans deux moments liés à la modernité de l’espace des Chuj. Ces moments ont profondément affecté le pouvoir des autorités civiles et religieuses ainsi que la représentation et gestion réelle et symbolique d’un espace qui identifie les Chuj en tant que groupe. Pour comprendre ces processus, l’article examine des rituels chuj liés au calendrier sacré et en particulier la prophétie du nouvel an. Celle-ci situe un scénario possible pour le nouveau cycle temporel dans un espace lié au territoire et à la géographie sacrée, où la participation de facteurs externes est intégrée. Aussi, le rite en question constitue un acte de réinstauration d’un ordre spatio-temporel distinctif. Actuellement, avec la rupture entre autorités civiles et religieuses, des unités discrètes se sont mises en place pour répondre au besoin de rétablir un ordre centré et en équilibre, même fragile, au milieu d’un contexte global, désordonné et diffus.
¿Hacia el indio nuevo? De lo global a lo local y a la inversa en pueblos nahuas del norte de Puebla
Authors: Chamoux Marie-Noëlle
Published: October 2018

La vida cotidiana en las comunidades indígenas ha sufrido muchos cambios desde los años cuarenta del siglo XX. El espacio, tal como los indígenas se lo apropian prácticamente, revela estos cambios. Se usa los conceptos de “mundo rural”, dominado por lo agropecuario, y de “lugares”, espacios con alta densidad de relaciones sociales. Se examina el caso de los nahuas del norte de Puebla (municipio de Huauchinango), señalando el ocaso del etos rural y la dominación ya instalada de valores urbanos. Se constata sin embargo, la permanencia de fuertes solidaridades familiares y el arraigo al pueblo. Pero en cambio se observa la pérdida de sentido del territorio del pueblo, tanto en su uso económico como en su apropiación simbólica y ritual. Casa, pueblo, comarca y “mundo exterior” son los espacios considerados para evaluar los cambios sufridos e imaginar un porvenir ya fuertemente amarrado a la modernidad.Abstract: Daily life in indigenous communities has suffered many changes since the nineteen forties. Space reveals these changes through the manner in which indigenous populations appropriate it. Concepts are employed such as “the rural world”, dominated by agricultural and livestock activity and “places”, spaces containing a high density of social relations. We examine the case of Nahuas in the north of Puebla (municipality of Huauchinango), pointing out a decline in rural ethos and the establishing of a domination of urban values. Nevertheless we verify the permanence of strong family solidarities and attachment to the village. On the other hand we observe the loss of a sense of territory, both in terms of economic use as in symbolic and ritual appropriation. House, village, region and “outside world” are the space taken into consideration to evaluate the changes suffered and to imagine a future firmly tied to modernity.Résumé : La vie quotidienne dans les communautés indigènes a subi de nombreux changements depuis les années quarante du XXe siècle. L’espace, tel que les Indiens se l’approprient dans la pratique, en porte la trace. On utilise les concepts de “milieu rural”, dominé par l’agriculture, et de “lieux”, espaces de haute densité de relations sociales. On examine le cas des Nahuas du nord de Puebla (municipe de Huauchinango), en signalant le déclin d’un etos rural et la domination déjà installée des valeurs urbaines. On constate cependant la permanence de fortes solidarités familiales et l’attachement au village. En revanche on observe la perte de sens du territoire, tant dans ses usages économiques que dans son appropriation symbolique et rituelle. L’habitat, le village, la contrée et le “monde extérieur” sont considérés pour évaluer les changements subis et imaginer un avenir déjà fortement amarré à la modernité.
¿Acaso basta traducirse para entenderse? Un ejemplo de inconsciente de escuela: el Greenwood Dictionary of World History
Authors: Christin Olivier
Published: October 2018

La traducción es un instrumento irremplazable para el intercambio de ideas en muchos aspectos de la comunicación humana. Sin embargo, existen factores que pueden interferir para que el mensaje original no sea cabalmente transmitido. Aunado a ello, el uso del inglés como lengua obligada en el ámbito académico, puede provocar variaciones en los matices que pueden llegar a reducir el significado de conceptos originalmente complejos. Democracia por ejemplo, puede entenderse de maneras distintas a partir de la interpretación de la palabra voto.Abstract: Translation turns to be an irreplaceable tool for the exchange of ideas in many aspects of human communication. However, many factors can intervene so that the original message will not be transmitted with certainty. Moreover, the use of English as a requirement in the academic environment can bring about different readings of the nuances, which could reduce the meaning of originally complex concepts. Democracy, for instance, can be understood in various ways from the interpretation of the word poll.Résumé : La traduction s’avère être un instrument irremplaçable pour l’échange d’idées à partir de plusieurs aspects de la communication humaine. Cependant, divers facteurs peuvent entrer en interaction et rendre la transmission du message incertaine. En plus, l’usage obligatoire de l’anglais dans le milieu académique peut provoquer des variantes dans les nuances et ainsi réduire le sens de concepts à l’origine plus complexes. Démocratie par exemple, peut se comprendre de différentes manières à partir du mot voix.
Hubungan Asupan Cairan Ibu Hamil terhadap Indeks Cairan Amnion
Authors: Fatmawati Eny , Hadiati Diah Rumekti , Pradjatmo Heru
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Adequate amniotic fluid volume is a requirement for intra uterine fetal development and good pregnancy outputs / neonatal. Adequate intake of fluid in pregnant women can increase both the amniotic fluid index on oligohydramniotic or normoamniotic, but the scientific basis for the adequacy of the recommended daily fluid have not clear yet. Furthermore, the fluid intake counseling in addition to nutrition for pregnant women is neededObjective: To determine the fluid intake in pregnant women and the mean difference of  amniotic fluid index on adequate fluid intake compared to less fluid intake.Methods: This research used prospective observational cohort study, conducted against the third semester pregnant women in Puskesmas Mergangsan and Tegalrejo Yogyakarta during July until September 2014. The subjects who met the inclusion criteria were divided into adequate and less fluid intake groups. The correlation between fluid intake and amniotic fluid index was analyzed using t-test and linear regression.Result and Discussion: The total subjects who met the criteria were 27 people, consist of 12 people in adequate fluid intake group and 15 people in less fluid intake group. The mean of subject’s fluid intake 2078 ml (enough), while the mean of amniotic fluid index (AFI) 12,76 cm (normoamniotic).The result showed that there was a significant difference (3,50 cm (IK 95%; 1,5-5,48); P < 0,05) between the mean of AFI from adequate fluid intake group compared to less fluid intake group . Simple linear regression test showed the effect of fluid intake for AFI namely 31,7%; with the amount of predicted AFI = 10,686 + 3,545 x fluid intake – 1,015 x age – 1,317 x education + 0,314 x occupation (ARS= 44,5%). External variables (age, education, and occupation) had no significant effect for AFI .Conclusion : The mean preview of fluid intake in the third semester pregnant women in Yogyakarta was adequate. Moreover, there was a AFI signifficant difference between adequate fluid intake compared to less fluid intake.  Keywords: fluid intake; amniotic fluid index; AFI
BEYOND THE MONEY: A CASE STUDY ON THE BENEFIT OF HAND-DRAWING BATIK TO FEMALE BATIK WORKERS IN JARUM KLATEN REGENCY
Authors: Handayani Widhi , Kristijanto Augustinus Ignatius , Hunga Arianti Ina Restiani
Published: October 2018

Batik is a cultural product of Indonesia and it is produced by home industries under Putting Out System (POS). Although batik home industries are beneficial economically, their impacts on environment tend to be destroyed due to water pollution resulted from the process of POS. Moreover, batik production by POS is considered to disadvantage female homeworkers. This paper aims to explain the benefit of batik industries in Jarum Village, Klaten toward female homeworkers, even if water pollution occurs in the village. Batik industries give benefit because they provide employment for female homeworkers in Jarum Village. Unfortunately, the benefit from batik production not yet received by some female homeworkers due to low wages they get, in addition to the pollution which could contaminate the groundwater they use for domestic activities. Finally, batik benefits are not merely regarding economics context as batik provides a space for self-actualization, mainly to the elder workers.
LEDAKAN KREATIVITAS DAN KONTROL HUKUM DI ERA INTERNET
Authors: Wibowo Tangguh Okta
Published: October 2018

Sebuah buku yang ditulis oleh Lawrence Lessig di tahun 2004, seorang pengacara yang memberikan perhatiannya kepada isu yang tidak akan pernah selesai hingga memasuki abad 21 ini, yaitu perihal budaya bebas yang “mencuri” konten berhak cipta tanpa izin. Budaya bebas (Free culture) yang dijelaskan Lessig berbeda dengan free beers, tetapi bebas dalam arti kebebasan berpendapat, pasar bebas, perdagangan bebas, pemilihan suara bebas, dan berkehendak bebas. Inilah yang Lessig coba kritisi, yaitu budaya bebas yang hadir seiring dengan teknologi internet yang telah menyuburkan perubahan penting dan sekaligus tidak dikenali dalam proses produksi konten.
DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MOTOR ABILITIES IN BOYS AND GIRLS AGED 10 AND 9
Authors: Lazarević Predrag , Milosavljević Srdjan , Lazarević Snežana , Marković Vladan , Savić Ana
Published: October 2018

The aim of this research is to confirm differences in the anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities of schoolchildren aged 9 and 10 compared by sex and age. The sample comprised 341 schoolchildren, divided into two subgroups of third (172) and fourth (169) graders. The research is of a transversal character and includes the measurement of anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities by applying the Eurofit fitness testing battery. The results show a significant difference based on sex in terms of body mass (t = 2.148), and as for motor abilities, there is a difference in the Shuttle run test (t = -3.709). A statistically significant difference considering the age of the tested population was observed in height (t = -10.327) and body mass (Z = -5,991), while in terms of motor abilities there was a statistically significant difference in the values of all the tests: Hand tapping (t = 4.735), the Standing long jump (Z = -3,575), Shuttle run (t = 12,248), the Flexed arm hang (Z = -2,167), Sit and reach (Z = -2,406), Sit-ups in 30 seconds (t = -9069). The research shows a higher statistically significant difference observed in body composition, but also in the motor area of the studied group in terms of age, and in relation to the statistically significant difference that was revealed by gender.
SPORT OFFER– CORE PART OF THE SPORT ORGANIZATION’S MARKETING PROGRAM
Authors: Gašović Milan , Vukajlovic Djurdjica , Ćurčić Nikola , Zivkovic Miroslav
Published: October 2018

The sports offer (product), as a central part of the sports organizations, i.e. clubs or athletes - individuals, as a marketing program, can be considered through five of its levels, depending on the hierarchy of value for interested parties (visitors, media, advertisers, sponsors, sports agents, and the like.). These five levels are: sport experience, sport events, sports scores, the image of sports organizations and sport individuals (sportsman) and sports brand. The sports offer must be of high quality in order to attract interested parties, and increasing the popularity of the sports offer is done through numerous marketing activities.
FORCE-VELOCITY RELATIONSHIP OF LEG EXTENSORS OBTAINED FROM THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF LOAD
Authors: Ćosić Marko , Đurić Saša , Živković Milena , Nedeljković Aleksandar
Published: October 2018

The first aim of this study was to evaluate the shape of force-velocity (F-V) relationships in case of gravitational (W), inertial (I) and combined (W+I) type of load assessed from squat jump (SJ) performed on a modified Smith machine. The second aim was to determine whether there were differences between the same parameters (maximal force, F0; maximal velocity, V0; maximal power, P0) obtained from linear F-V relationship among three different loads. The third aim was to evaluate the concurrent validity of the parameters F0 obtained from different types of load in SJ, with maximum isometric force in squat (Fiso), as well as one repetition maximum in squat (1RM). Fifteen male participants were tested in SJ with three different types of load, squat for obtaining 1RM and isometric squat for obtaining the Fiso. The observed F-V relationships were exceptionally strong and approximately linear (median r ≥ 0.98) independently of used load. The differences between same parameters of different types of load were determined in parameters F0 and V0, while there were no differences between P0. Regarding third aim, concurrent validity for F0 showed to be moderate to high and significant in all 3 types of load (r ≥ 0.56), except between F0 and Fiso in W type of load, where it was non-significant (r ≥ 0.47). The significance of the study reflects in better understanding of the mechanisms of the functioning of muscle system in case of different types of load. Future studies should investigate the impact of different types of load to kinetic and kinematic parameters in case of different motoric tasks and muscle groups.
THE INFLUENCE OF A TEN-WEEK TRAINING PROGRAM ON THE BIOMECHANICAL PARAMETERS OF MADE JUMP SHOTS IN YOUNG BASKETBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Radenkovic Marko , Bubanj Sasa , Beric Dragana , Stankovic Ratko , Stojanović Marko , Stojic Milan
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the specific training program on the kinematic parameters of made jump shots in basketball. Participants were 31 basketball players, aged 15.32±0.65. All participants trained according to a specific training program for 10 weeks. Data obtained at the initial and final measurements were processed by nonparametric statistics. Data processing was carried out in the direction of determining the difference in kinematic parameters within the group between the initial and final measurements. After that, the level of impact of a specific training program on the mentioned parameters was determined. The obtained results indicated that there are differences between initial and final measurements in eight out of 10 (80%) kinematic parameters and the influence of the specific training program existed in the same eight (80%) kinematic parameters.
THE INFLUENCE OF APNEA IN PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF FEMALE SWIMMERS
Authors: Rozi Georgia , Thanopoulos Vassilios , Dopsaj Milivoj
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in maximum concentration of lactic acid in the blood, heart rate and performance time on the test of 4x50m freestyle swimming on a sample of two protocols: a) one breath every 3 strokes and b) 14-15m of every 50m were swum with underwater movement of the feet without breathing and a rest with one breath every 3 strokes (apnea). The sample consisted of 15 female swimmers of the competitive level aged: 15.0 ± 1.0 years. Their basic style was the freestyle. To determine the maximum blood lactate concentration, capillary blood samples were taken in the 3rd, 5th, 7th minute and analyzed by the automatic analyzer Scout Lactate Germany. We also measured the heart rate immediately after each swimming protocol. The ANOVA showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the two protocols. Maximum lactate concentration in the protocol with apnea was 10.02 ± 3.05mmol / L and without apnea 8.9 ± 3.5mmol / L. Heart rate was 186 ± 6 and 186 ± 7 b/min respectively, and performance time 140.04 ± 8.13 and 138.73 ± 8.01sec in swimmers aged 14-16. Swimming apnea needs to be studied in a larger age sample with more variables to ascertain the effects on sprint swimming.
PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF SPORTS KNEE INJURIES
Authors: Krstić Olivera , Stamatovic Milovan
Published: October 2018

The development of sports medicine and rehabilitation with the great involvement of techniques and modern technology have increased the needs and possibilities for quick diagnosis and more adequate treatment. Regular companions of sports activities are sport injuries of various parts of the body, depending on the type and conditions in which sport activity is performed. In this paper, we analyzed knee injuries because they are the most dominant. The knee, which is the largest, the most complex and the most stressed joint, is most exposed to injuries. We analyzed 124 respondents who were treated in the Ribarska Banja, by physical and balneological treatment, during the period 2005-2006. Anamnestic data, as the most common cause of injury, include insufficient training, insufficient physical preparedness, rough start of an opponent or uneven terrain. The knee joint is the most commonly injured region in athletes, and because of the complexity of the joint itself, these injuries are very complicated. Balneal treatment showed positive effects on healing and accelerated return to the field. Balneo Climatic Treatment is always accompanied with certain methods of physical therapy and rehabilitation, and all of them together can accelerate healing. The successful return to the field depends on the applied therapeutic methods and on an early beginning  of therapeutic treatment.
EFFECTS OF PROGRAMMED FITNESS EXERCISE ON BODY COMPOSITION AMONG PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Bićanin Predrag , Milenković Saša , Radovanović Dragan , Gajević Aco , Ivanović Jelena
Published: October 2018

This research included a sample of 79 pre-school boys aged 6 and 7 with 40 of them in the experimental group and 39 in the control group. Their current state of body composition was studied, as well as their relations after a 6-month fitness treatment that the experimental group of participants was involved in, in order to analyze its effects. The experimental group had two classes per week, in addition to regular programmed activities as part of the children’s sport school (three times per week), and as part of 48 of additional, six-month training lessons of exercising in sport (fitness) clubs. The following variables have been used to evaluate body composition with the application of bio-electric impedance In Body 230 such as: muscle mass, percentage of muscle mass, body fat mass, percentage of body fat mass, fat free mass, percentage of fat free mass. Although small to moderate effects were obtained by the double mixed ANOVA, the results show the experimental group’s achievements as significantly higher than those of the control group. Furthermore, with individual eta coefficient findings in comparison with each group measurements, it is clear that the value of the obtained effects is different between groups to the benefit of the experimental group. Permanent implementation of the proposed programme could contribute to an improvement on the studied body composition variables which can result in the better health status of children in future.
Las falsas paternidades del Padre de la Patria
Authors: Sanchiz Ruiz Javier , Gómez Gallardo Latapí Juan
Published: October 2018

El artículo cuestiona las concesiones de pensiones realizadas por el Senado a los descendientes del Padre de la Patria, así como algunos casos actuales, que se atribuyen filiación parental con el cura Miguel Hidalgo. La investigación realizada sobre las supuestas mujeres con las que tuvo descendencia permite demostrar las falsificaciones documentales y suplantaciones de identidad con el objeto de cobrar una pensión.
Violencia en el noviazgo entre estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Un análisis mixto
Authors: Flores-Garrido Natalia , Barreto-Ávila Magali
Published: October 2018

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación realizada con metodología mixta, en la que se propone analizar el nivel de incidencia de la violencia en el noviazgo entre estudiantes universitarias, y la manera en que ésta repercute en sus experiencias estudiantiles. Para ello se utilizó como fuente cuantitativa la Encuesta sobre Violencia en el Noviazgo, réplica de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Violencia en el Noviazgo (ENVINOV) aplicada de manera representativa a estudiantes de la Escuela Nacional de Trabajo Social (ENTS). Como fuente cualitativa se usaron entrevistas a profundidad realizadas con estudiantes universitarias sobrevivientes de violencia en el noviazgo. Ambas aproximaciones a la problemática permiten visibilizar la forma en que la violencia de género en las relaciones íntimas afecta a las estudiantes y con ello refuerza el sistema de desigualdades de género en la sociedad.
THE ARAB NATIONALISM: ITS IDEOLOGY AND INTEGRATION PROJECTS
Authors: Khairullin T. R.
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to the analysis of the ideological features of the movement of Arab nationalism, which took shape and became popular after the Second world war. Particular attention is paid to the ideas that contributed to the uniﬁ cation of the Arab population throughout the Arab region. These ideas led to the formation of nationalist projects that were aimed to some extent at consolidating the Arab population within one or several countries. Among the most successful nationalist projects are the Egyptian, Iraqi, Syrian, and Algerian and Libyan projects.
THE PROBLEMS OF THE SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF RELIGIONS
Authors:  Alikberov A. K.
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to the system classiﬁ cation of religions on the basis of various criteria, the most important of which is the communication one. As the cross-cultural method shows, there is no word «religion» in many languages o  f the world, but there is its equivalent, denoting the connection of man with God and supernatural forces. The system classiﬁ cation of religions is more a system of classiﬁ cations than a classiﬁ cation, which based on ideal, hypothetical models. It based on the object of worship (the religion of Nature, the religion of Tradition, the religion of Revelation), on the sources of the doctrine (the religion of the scriptures), on the methods of obtaining information, or, in the religious paradigm, religious knowledge /hidden truths (prophetic, non-prophetic, etc.). The author tries to ﬁ nd conjugations between these classiﬁ cations. The system-communication method is one of many possible ways of scientiﬁ c knowledge of religion, which allows us to divide complex social essences and phenomena into composite elements, and each of them in their close interconnection and interaction with other elements of systematic knowledge, taking into account the speciﬁ city of religious communication.