bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breeding success of the red fox Vulpes vulpes in relation to fluctuating prey in central Europe
Authors: Weber Jean‐Marc , Meia Jean‐Steve , Meyer Sandrine
Published: April 2018

The influence of water vole Arvicola terrestris scherman fluctuations on red fox Vulpes vulpes reproduction was investigated in a central European mountainous habitat. We also examined the relationship between annual variations in the mean body weight of the cubs and trophic changes. Water vole abundance was estimated by seasonal trappings, and fox families and cubs were counted every spring. The number of fox families differed little between years, and the differences were not related to water vole abundance. Mean litter size also varied from year to year, but independently of water vole densities. No relation was found between the weight of the cubs and water vole supply. The lack of any significant annual variations in fox breeding success means that despite the low availability of wild alternative prey, foxes found suitable trophic conditions in the absence of water voles. Moreover, as suggested by the increase in the consumption of food scraps by foxes during vole lows, man has certainly been instrumental in preventing a decrease in fox breeding success at the low stage of the water vole cycle.
Organization Justice and Organization Citizenship Behaviour: Employee Trust Acting as Mediator
Authors: Ullah Rezwan , Ahmad Syed Zubair , Ahmad Sahibzada Yaseen
Published: April 2018

Justice in the organizations mostly focused on two perspectives, fairness of results and fairness of techniques is used to determine that outcomes and the perspectives were called as distributive justice and procedural justice respectively. The organizational justice covers everything on versatile concept from system of payment to treatment of your boss. Researchers of organizational behaviour recognized four types of organizational justice that is procedural, distributive, interactional and informational justice. Procedural justice perceptions considered to be one of the most crucial variables of organizational justice perceptions. The effect of different level of organizational justice on organizational citizenship behaviour is a widespread researched topic and explains the importance of organizational justice in an organization. The purpose of this quantitative study is to investigate the impact of employee trust on the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviour in the perspective of call centre industry in Pakistan. The sample size covered 160 employees of different call centres of Islamabad. A total of 38 questions were asked based on a 5 point Likert scale responses. For accurate data processing, SPSS Statistics software package is used for statistical analysis. Regression is used to test the hypothesis. The results show that there is a positive relationship between Organizational Justice and OCB (Accepted), there is a positive relationship between Procedural Justice and OCB (Rejected), there is a positive relationship between Distributional Justice and OCB (Accepted), there is a positive relationship between Interactional Justice and OCB (Accepted) and employee trust does not mediate the associations between Organizational Justice and OCB, which is a positive effects on OCB.
HUTANG JANGKA PENDEK BAGI PERUSAHAAN TERTUTUP DI JABODETABEK
Authors: Nugroho Vina Christina
Published: April 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor apa saja yang memengaruhi hutang jangka
pendek pada perusahaan kecil yang tidak IPO. Penelitian ini juga mendeteksi apakah ada pengaruh
kondisi perusahaan yang sedang mengalami tekanan finansial ataupun dalam kondisi stabil terhadap
hutang jangka pendek pada perusahaan kecil tersebut.Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah
laporan keuangan perusahaan kecil (penjualan < Rp 150 Milyar dalam setahun). Terdapat 99 perusahaan
kecil yang tidak IPO yang berlokasi di Jabodetabek. Laporan keuangan perusahaan yang didapat adalah
periode tahun 2008 – 2011. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan faktor-faktor
yang memengaruhi hutang jangka pendek pada dua kondisi perusahaan yang berbeda. Pada kondisi
perusahaan dibawah tekanan finansial, peubah hutang jangka pendek periode sebelumnya dan peubah
tingkat pertumbuhan (Growth) memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap hutang jangka pendek periode saat
ini. Pada kondisi perusahaan yang stabil atau Non Financial Distress, peubah hutang jangka pendek
periode sebelumnya , peubah tingkat pertumbuhan (Growth), dan peubah ukuran perusahaan (Size)
berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hutang jangka pendek periode saat ini.
Kata Kunci: Hutang Jangka Pendek, Perusahaan Tertutup
PENGARUH FAKTOR PERILAKU PADA KELOMPOK MILLINEAL TERHADAP KEINGINAN UNTUK BERWIRAUSAHA
Authors: Christian Michael
Published: April 2018

Pemerintah Indonesia mendorong untuk peningkatan jumlah wirausahawan, salah satunya melalui
Gerakan Kewirausahaan Nasional (GKN) sejak enam tahun lalu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
menjelaskan pengaruh perilaku dan karakter terhadap keinginan untuk berwirausaha pada kelompok
millenial. Sebanyak 53 sampel dengan karakter kelompok millenial yang belum berwirausaha digunakan
dan diolah dengan menggunakan SMART PLS 3. Penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa keinginan untuk
berwirausaha pada kelompok millenial dipengaruhi oleh perilaku dan karakter kelompok tersebut, namun
karakter tidak dipengaruhi oleh perilaku. Keterbatasan pada penelitian ini adalah tidak mengikutsertakan
faktor karakter dari gaya menjalankan usaha yang dapat memperkuat penjelasan mengenai keterkaitannya
dengan keinginan untuk berwirausaha. Faktor ukuran sampel juga dapat menjadi pertimbangan
selanjutnya. Penekanan saran pada penelitian ini adalah perlu ditingkatkannya peran serta insitusi
pendidikan dan individu dalam pembentukan karakter untuk berwirausaha khususnya keberanian dalam
bertindak dan mengambil risiko dengan mengikuti pelatihan dan komunitas baik dalam skala kecil
maupun dengan pembiayaan pemerintah.
Kata kunci: perilaku, keputusan, kewirausahaan, millenial
FAKTOR-FAKTOR TERPERSEPSI YANG MEMENGARUHI PENGGUNAAN KARTU TOL ELEKTRONIK
Authors: Santosa Ratna Muljani , Christian Michael
Published: April 2018

Bulan Oktober 2017 merupakan titik awal diberlakukannya pembayaran non tunai melalui Kartu Tol
Elektronik secara serentak di Indonesia. Tidak tangung-tanggung penggunaan pembayaran di jalan tol
dengan sistem ini dipercaya mencapai target 100% terimplementasi. Hal ini sebenarnya bukan hal baru
mengingat program Gerakan Nasional Non Tunai sudah dicetuskan sejak tahun 2014. Namun demikian,
sebagai negara yang sedang menikmati perkembangan teknologi informasi ke arah digital, peranan
metode pembayaran di ruas tol dengan kartu ini masih perlu dikaji tidak hanya dari segi manfaat yang
dapat diberikan kepada masyarakat, namun juga pada dampak kemudahan penggunannya pada tiap ruas
tol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh faktor terpersepsi bagi masyarakat yaitu manfaat
dan kemudahan penggunaan terhadap penggunaan metode pembayaran tersebut. Dengan menggunakan
SPSS 22.0, penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa penggunaan Kartu Tol Elektronik dipengaruhi oleh faktor
manfaat dan kemudahan dalam penggunaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 73 responden sebagai pengguna
Kartu Tol Elektronik. Saran bagai penelitian selanjutnya adalah dapat lebih fokus dalam ruas gardu tol
otomatis pada titik-titik dengan frekuensi tinggi. Hal ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan konsistensi faktor
manfaat dan kemudahan penggunaan bagi para pengguna. Selain itu, sosialisasi cara penggunaan dirasa
penting untuk digalakkan pemerinta dalam suksesi Gerakan Nasional Non Tunai.
Kata kunci: kartu, elektronik, tol, manfaat, kemudahan
Perancangan Produk Celana Dalam (Underwear) Pria Jenis Brief dengan Penambahan Joint Menggunakan Metode Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
Authors: Gurusinga Gidion Karo Karo , Wijaya Ferry Dian Putra
Published: April 2018

This paper discussed modification of men’s brief underwear which already exists in the market. The modification allowed to change the sectional design of brief underwear into modular form. In the process of modification, the additional component is required for the joint component where the joint component sewed to the waist section of the underwear both left and right. The method would use in this paper are Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and House of Quality (HOQ). Modified products are provided with additional hook and eye-type components, commonly found on women's bra. The additional components increase the total price to be paid for a modified product of Rp 26,000 per unit.
Perbedaan Prestasi Belajar Ditinjau Berdasarkan Pola Asuh Orangtua
Authors: Florencia Cynthia , Dariyo Agoes , Basaria Debora
Published: April 2018

Education has always been one of the basic necessities of any individual’s life. Education provides opportunities for children to learn, prepare for the future, and be able to change the lives of present and future generations. With education, people can obtain academic achievements that will be useful for his life. Academic achievement in adolescents can be influenced by parenting styles. The aim of the current study is to examine the differences in academic achievement in adolescents based on parenting styles. This study utilizes quantitative data and has 386 subjects.  Data were retrieved through parenting styles questionnaires as well as grade point average (GPA). Data is processed by using One Way ANOVA. Based on the results of research, it was found that there was no differences in academic achievement in adolescents based on parenting, either by father or mother, with a p score on father parenting = .223 and the p score on mother parenting = .737.

Keywords: academic achievement, parenting styles, adolescence
COPING STRESS PADA ORANG TUA ANAK DENGAN LEUKEMIA LIMFOSITIK AKUT(ALL)
Authors: Sudarji Shanty , Wahono Desy Lustiyani
Published: April 2018

Cancer is not a contagious disease but can cause death, especially in children. Cancer that primarily affects children is leukemia with the number of about 25 to 30% of all types of cancer that affects all children in Indonesia. Common type of leukemia in children is acute lymphocytic or lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with a percentage of 82% and acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) by 18%. The role of parents in caring for sick children ALL is not easy, a lot of problems that will occur during the care of children who ALL, either of themselves, their families and the environment. Coping with stress is necessary to handle problems that occur during the care for ALL children. Researchers conducted
qualitative research with interviews of five parents who have children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. The data obtained showed that the main source of stress experienced came from a family that is the condition of a sick child, then the source of the stress from the environment and self. Symptoms of stress
experienced by the whole subject is prolonged fear and sadness. The whole subject S, RS, ME, DM, and NP using problem focused coping that are planful problem solving, seeking social support and coping confrontative. All subjects also use emotion focused coping. The whole subject of S, RS, ME, DM, and NP
using self control, accepting responsibility, and positive reappraisal. Only the subject of RS, ME, NP which uses distancing.
EFEKTIVITAS GROUP BEHAVIOR THERAPY TERHADAP CONVERSATIONAL SKILL PADA PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA TIPE RESIDUAL (STUDI KASUS PADA INSTANSI X)
Authors: Garvin Garvin
Published: April 2018

Schizophrenia residual type is one of schizophrenia types which is the symptoms of schizophrenia are no longer appears significantly. The schizophrenia patients are need to be prepared before they complete their treatment in a mental health institution and back into society. A skill that is needed by schizophrenia residual type is conversational skills. However, some of schizophrenia patients are encountering problems in learning the conversational skills. The aim of this research is to study the effectiveness of group behavior therapy into the conversational skills of schizophrenia residual type patients. The technique used in the therapy is modeling and shaping. Statistical test with significance p = 0,002 < 0,01 shows that group behavior therapy can improve conversational skills in schizophrenia residual type patients. However, there are some limitations in the study so further study is needed.

 
Keywords: schizophrenia residual type; conversational skill; group behavior therapy
PENERAPAN RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY (REBT) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING PADA PENDERITA EPILEPSI GRANDMAL
Authors: Yunita Mutiara Mirah
Published: April 2018

Epilepsy is the physical illness in many years that have biological, psychological, sociological and spiritual aspect that have impact in individual quality life. Future of patient with epilepsy illness is being determined from psychological condition, in particular in psychological well-being conditions. Patient with epilepsy grandmal often have emotional disorder. They can not accept her or himself, high anxiety, break down feeling, depression, helpless feeling, shame feeling, sadness, dependent, not confident, and defendant feeling, so that emotion negative was have difficult to grow up in self-actualization. The psychology well-being is condition who someone have accept her or himself, accept the past memories, grow up, have a meaning life, positive relation with people, have capacity of managing self, confident to deciding whatever something best. Enhancement of psychology well-being is being done by rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) which is a technique to straighten irrationally minded that create emotionally disorder. This research use qualitative (in- depth interview, observation) and psychological test. Besides that, questionnaire, pre-test, and post-test. Subject in this research is woman, 21 years old who has epilepsy grandmal illness in the low psychological well-being condition. She has  average IQ and emotional disorder. The intervention is being done in tenth. According result by questionnaire data, the intervention has be done is positive result. It has enhancement of  psychological well-being for subject who epilepsy grandmal. Those are changes behaviour that expected in subject.

 

Keywords : psychological well-being; grandmal epilepsy; rational emotive behavior therapy
PENGARUH HARGA DIRI DAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL TERHADAP RESILIENSI MAHASISWA DENGAN PENGALAMAN BULLYING DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Alvina Sonia , Dewi Fransisca Iriana R.
Published: April 2018

The aim of Study orientation and College Introduction (Orientasi Studi dan Pengenalan Kampus/Ospek) is to give early introduction for new students about a various aspects of college life. Orientation activity divided into university, faculty, and majoring orientation. The main university orientation activity which is held for three days would be extended in faculty and majoring for about 3 months or 1 year and should be attended by all of the new students. Orientation activity usually characterized by mentally challenging activitiy and strong stigma of harshness or violence. Orientation phenomenon is called hazing or bullying. Bullying is described as an oppression, bullying, hazing, extortion, exclusion, and intimidation. Bullying which is happen during orientation tend to valued as stressful situation, therefore each student have to have resilience. Resilience is one’s ability to deal with and to overcome life stressor and perceiving negative experiences as a valuable experience so that one can change to a better life. Resilient people has a several determining factors, included self-esteem and social support. The aim of this research is to examine the significant effect of self-esteem and social support to student’s resilience to deal with bullying experience in college. Sample in this research is 180 participants, using the snowball sampling technique and given measurement instrument such as questionnaires using a Likert scale to measure self-esteem, social support, and resilience. Data analysis in this research using Multiple Regression Analysis with a significance level 0.05. Based on data analysis obtained score R = 0,669, R2 = 0,448. The result of this research concluded that there is a significant effect of self-esteem and social support to resilience. The result showed the proportion of variance explained by all the resilience independent variable is equal to 44.8%, while 55.2% is influenced by other variables outside of research.

Keywords: self-esteem; social support; resilience; student
PENGGUNAAN ALAT KONTRASEPSI SUNTIK DAN PIL TERHADAP PENINGKATAN BERAT BADAN PADA IBU PASANGAN USIA SUBUR
Authors: Farida Farida
Published: April 2018

Penggunaan alat kontrasepsi merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengendalikan ledakan penduduk. Namun fenomena yang terjadi di masyarakat banyak yang mengeluh mengalami peningkatan berat badan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan alat kontrasepsi suntik dan pil terhadap peningkatan berat badan pada ibu pasangan usia subur di Dusun Gender Desa Karanganom Kecamatan Kauman Kabupaten Tulungagung.

Desain penelitian ini cross sectional dengan pendekatan retrospektif. Populasinya adalah semua ibu pasangan usia subur di Dusun Gender Desa Karanganom Kecamatan Kauman Kabupaten Tulungagung sebanyak 543 orang dengan menggunakan tehnik quota sampling didapatkan sampel sebanyak 30 responden. Data dikumpulkan dengan melakukan observasi penimbangan berat badan suntik dan pil kemudian diolah dengan editing, coding, scoring dan tabulating, dan di Uji menggunakan independen t test dengan tingkat kesalahan (Î±) 0,05.

Hasil penelitian didapatkan rata-rata peningkatan berat badan ibu yang menggunakan alat kontrasepsi suntik yaitu 3,20. Sedangkan rata-rata peningkatan berat badan ibu pengguna alat kontrasepsi pil yaitu 3,27, dengan p-value 0,918.

Disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada penggaruh penggunaan alat kontrasepsi suntik dan pil terhadap peningkatan berat badan Ibu Pasangan Usia Subur Di Dusun Gender Desa Karanganom Kecamatan Kauman Kabupaten Tulungagung, karena sama-sama menggunakan alat kontrasepsi hormonal yang mengandung progesteron, dan peningkatan berat badan tidak disebabkan secara langsung oleh hormon tersebut.
Pengaruh Relaksasi Genggam Jari Terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Pada Pasien Post Sectio Caesarea
Authors: Astutik Puji , Kurlinawati Eka
Published: April 2018

Pasien post section caesarea sering mengalami nyeri dikarenakan insisi pembedahan. Relaksasi genggam jari merupakan salah satu teknik non farmakologis untuk mengurangi nyeri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh relaksasi genggam jari terhadap penurunan nyeri pada pasien post sectio caesarea di ruang Delima RSUD Kertosono.

Desain penelitian menggunakan pre-eksperimental dengan pendekatan one group pre-post test design. Penelitian dilaksanakan 1 Januari sampai dengan 1 februari 2017 di ruang Delima RSUD Kertosono. Populasi adalah seluruh pasien post Sectio Caesarea yang dirawat di ruang Delima RSUD Kertosono dalam sebulan sebanyak 21 pasien. Sampling menggunakan Accidental  sampling. Sampel sebanyak 20 responden. Terdapat 2 variabel, variabel independen dengan relaksasi genggam jari dan dependen dengan penurunan nyeri. Pengumpulan data menggunakan skala Verbal Descriptor Scale (VDS). Analisis statistik menggunakan wilcoxon dengan taraf signifikasi 0,05.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebelum pemberian relaksasi genggam jari sebagian besar mengalami nyeri sedang yaitu sebanyak 13 responden (65 %). setelah pemberian relaksasi genggam jari sebagian besar mengalami nyeri ringan sebanyak 12 responden (60 %). Didapatkan p value = 0,001 â‰¤ Î± = 0,05.

Dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh relaksasi genggam jari terhadap penurunan nyeri pada pasien post sectio caesarea di ruang Delima RSUD Kertosonono.

Teknik relaksasi genggam merangsang meridian jari yang meneruskan gelombang tersebut ke dalam otak. Hasil dari Perlakuan relaksasi genggam jari akan menghasilkan impuls yang dikirim melalui serabut saraf aferen nonnosiseptor sehingga stimulus nyeri terhambat dan berkurang.
GESTIÓN FINANCIERA EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Santiago Chávez Nora Isabel , Gamboa Salinas Jenny Margoth
Published: April 2018

El presente libro de Gestión Financiera Empresarial es de gran importancia para los directivos y ejecutivos de todos los sectores empresariales, así como para los docentes y dicentes a nivel superior, en virtud de que su fundamento contable-financiero les permitirá contar con una herramienta práctica en la elaboración de estados financieros e indicadores, cuyos resultados les facilitará la toma acertada de decisiones.
La metodología utilizada se fundamenta en aspectos teóricos, contables y financieros especializados de tal manera que las personas que gestionan o administran las empresas utilicen este trabajo académico como fuente de apoyo en sus actividades cotidianas.
Su terminología contable-financiera se basa en los principios de contabilidad generalmente aceptados, así como la Ley de Régimen Tributario Interno vigenteen el país, Servicio de Rentas Internas, Superintendencia de Compañías, Contraloría General del Estado y otras entidades de los sectores público y privado.
PSICOLOGÍA GENERAL PARA ENFERMERÍA
Authors: Guadalupe Núñez Sara Verónica , Fernández Nieto Miriam Ivonne , Herrera López José Luis , Quishpe Jara Graciela De las Mercedes , Gavilanes Fray Verónica Del Pilar
Published: April 2018

l libro contiene conceptos psicológicos claros, sin argumentos complicados para la comprensión del lector; llevándolo a la interesante forma de describir a la salud integral en relación con cadA ser humano definiéndola como el bienestar físico, social, psíquico, de entorno y espíritu; la obra responde a las inquietudes que el profesional de enfermería precisa por la formación humana a la que para acceder a la empatía del paciente que a diario se enfrenta a problemas de resistencia ante el tratamiento que debe recibir de cualquier profesional de la salud.
Es recomendado este libro por la información clara, concisa a y aplicable al estudiante y profesional de salud, cual es el objetivo de brindar el buen trato al paciente. Además de conocer la personalidad, los mecanismos de defensa que cada persona manifiesta al momento de problemas, conflictos, crisis.
BIOLOGÍA GENERAL PARA LA ENFERMERÍA
Authors: Guadalupe Núñez Sara Verónica , Fernández Nieto Miriam Ivonne , Herrera López José Luis , Gavilanes Fray Verónica Del Pilar
Published: April 2018

El libro biología general para la enfermería contiene principios básicos de biología, conceptos claros, por lo que es ideal como material didáctico, amplio, comprensible e importante para el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje; por lo que el lector tendrá a su alcance conocimientos de la parte molecular, biológica;así como la temática de los organelos citoplasmáticos, la clasificación de cada uno, su morfofisiología.
El libro además cita la temática centrada en procesos biológicos definidos con una perspectiva amplia y ligada a las diversas disciplinas de la salud en las que el conocimiento exhaustivo se vuelve práctico y dinámico del parecer académico; el funcionamiento de cada tejido, órgano, aparatos, del ser vivo con la complejidad de que cada uno posee; contenidos manejables para convertirse en un texto de consulta que direccionará el saber universitario paraenriquecer cada búsqueda del conocimiento en pro del aprendizaje actual.
VISIÓN EMPRESARIAL COMPETITIVA. Empresas Familiares, Microcrédito y Matriz Productiva
Authors: Proaño Córdova Telmo Diego , Chico Frías Ángel Enrique , Santamaría Freire Edwin Javier
Published: April 2018

El libro Visión Empresarial Competitiva, aborda la importante temática de la composición de las empresas familiares, desde la óptica de la teoría, pasando por los procesos de administración, cifras, desempeño, dimensiones y su impacto en la calidad de vida de sus propietarios. Continua con el tratamiento de los micro créditos, de la misma forma que el tema inicial, desde una visión teórica, para pasar a la casuística de aplicación de las micro finanzas en la economía popular y solidaria y todo tipo de institución que en esta se desarrolla, hasta llegar a determinar técnica y académicamente el costo del micro crédito a través de las tasas de interés, su elasticidad y hasta el costo de generar un empleo con la recepción de un micro crédito. Finaliza el estudio de la obra con el análisis en contexto de manera integral de los dos temas anteriores y su impacto y aportes a las matrices productiva y energética como política pública, para ello presenta cifras oficiales importantes sobre el antes y después de su implementación, con el importante valor agregado que estos cambios otorgan a la economía nacional.
Şehir ve Güvenlik Yaklaşımlarında Çevresel Kriminolojiye Tarihsel Bir Bakış
Authors: CİCERALİ E. Ensari , KAYA CİCERALİ Lütfiye
Published: April 2018

Çevresel Kriminoloji

yaklaşımı Ray Jeffery tarafından 70’li yılların başında oluşturulmuştur.

Jeffery bu konuda bir kitap yayınlamış ve toplumda ortaya çıkan suçların ortaya

çıktığı çevrenin tasarımlanması yoluyla azaltılabileceğini önermiştir. Böyle

bir yaklaşımın ortaya çıkmasının temelinde daha önceden yapılmış çalışmalar

büyük rol oynamıştır. Tarihsel olarak mekan ve suç ilişkisi ile bu ilişkiye

yönelik çalışmalar daha eskiye dayanmaktadır. Durkheim’in anomi teorisi bu

konuda yapılan ilk atıfları almıştır. Sonrasında ortaya çıkan sosyal

dezorganizasyon yaklaşımı da çevresel bir modele dayanmaktadır. Chicago

üniversitesi çalışmaları, Robert Park ve Ernest Burgess’in konuya katkıları ile

ortaya ortak merkezli bölge teorisi ortaya çıkmıştır. Shaw ve McKay’in yine

Chicago merkezli yaptığı çalışmalar da çevre ve suç ilişkisine odaklanmaktadır.

Bütün bu öncül çalışmalar sonrasında çevresel tasarım yoluyla suçun önlenmesi

yaklaşımının temelleri oluşmuştur. Böylece kriminolojide yeni bir düşünce

okulunun kurulması sağlanmıştır. Jeffery klasik kriminoloji okulunun temel

prensibi olan suç işleme potansiyeli olan kişiyi suçtan caydırabilme prensibini

korumak isterken, suçludan çok suçun işlendiği çevreye odaklanmıştır. Çevre, en

geniş anlamıyla mimariyi (yerlerin fiziksel dizaynı), yapılı çevreyi (yollar,

arazi kullanımı, bina tipleri) ve kamu ile sosyal kurumları içerir. Her ne

kadar doğal çevre de çevre tanımının altında önemli bir yer tutsa da tasarım

daha çok yapılı çevreyi içermektedir. Bu çevrenin parçası olan ve orada yaşayan

insanlar da uyum sağlamak ve gerektiğinde değişmek durumundadır. Suç davranışı

da bu bağlamda çevreye karşı olan bir uyum metodudur. Çevreye suç içeren bir

davranışı sergileyerek uyum sağlanıyor olabilir. En uygun ve etkin çevre ise

suç içermeyen davranışı sergilemenin en optimal seçenek ve çözüm olarak ortaya

çıktığı çevredir. Oscar Newman ise savunulabilir alanları tasarlayarak şehri

belirli özellikler taşıyacak bir duruma getirmeyi ve bununla birlikte kendini

savunabilen ve suçun oluşmasını engelleyen bir çevrenin nasıl

oluşturulabileceğini anlatmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu yaklaşımlar genelde büyük bir

heyecanla ortaya atılırken günümüzde ne kadar işe yaradıklarına yönelik

tartışmalar da bu çalışmada ele alınacaktır. 
Kuantum Teorisinin Yorumu ve Doğanın Rolü
Authors: Kaptan Kubilay
Published: April 2018

Kuantum
teorisi olağanüstü derecede başarılı bir fizik teorisidir. Ama klasik fiziğin
altında yatan mekanik Doğa Kavramı bu teoriyi nasıl etkilemektedir? Dikkat
çekici bir şekilde, kuantum teorisinin oluşturulmasından yaklaşık 90 yıl sonra
hala bu sorulara açık cevaplar bulamıyoruz. Bu makalede, bilim insanlarının
yoluna çıkan engellerin doğası ve bunları aşmak için kuantum teorisinin
matematiği birkaç basit fiziksel fikirden yeniden yapılandırmaya çalışması
anlatılmaktadır.
Does size matter? Investigating the optimal planning target volume margin for postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery to resected brain metastases
Authors: Jhaveri Jaymin , Chowdhary Mudit , Zhang Xinyan , Press Robert H. , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Ferris Matthew J. , Morgan Tiffany M. , Roper Justin , Dhabaan Anees , Elder Eric , Eaton Bree R. , Olson Jeffrey J. , Curran Walter J. , Shu Hui-Kuo G. , Crocker Ian R. , Patel Kirtesh R.
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

The optimal margin size in postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases is unknown. Herein, the authors investigated the effect of SRS planning target volume (PTV) margin on local recurrence and symptomatic radiation necrosis postoperatively.

METHODS

Records of patients who received postoperative LINAC-based SRS for brain metastases between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed and stratified based on PTV margin size (1.0 or > 1.0 mm). Patients were treated using frameless and framed SRS techniques, and both single-fraction and hypofractionated dosing were used based on lesion size. Kaplan-Meier and cumulative incidence models were used to estimate survival and intracranial outcomes, respectively. Multivariate analyses were also performed.

RESULTS

A total of 133 patients with 139 cavities were identified; 36 patients (27.1%) and 35 lesions (25.2%) were in the 1.0-mm group, and 97 patients (72.9%) and 104 lesions (74.8%) were in the > 1.0–mm group. Patient characteristics were balanced, except the 1.0-mm cohort had a better Eastern Cooperative Group Performance Status (grade 0: 36.1% vs 19.6%), higher mean number of brain metastases (1.75 vs 1.31), lower prescription isodose line (80% vs 95%), and lower median single fraction–equivalent dose (15.0 vs 17.5 Gy) (all p < 0.05). The median survival and follow-up for all patients were 15.6 months and 17.7 months, respectively. No significant difference in local recurrence was noted between the cohorts. An increased 1-year rate of symptomatic radionecrosis was seen in the larger margin group (20.9% vs 6.0%, p = 0.028). On multivariate analyses, margin size > 1.0 mm was associated with an increased risk for symptomatic radionecrosis (HR 3.07, 95% CI 1.13–8.34; p = 0.028), while multifraction SRS emerged as a protective factor for symptomatic radionecrosis (HR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02–0.76; p = 0.023).

CONCLUSIONS

Expanding the PTV margin beyond 1.0 mm is not associated with improved local recurrence but appears to increase the risk of symptomatic radionecrosis after postoperative SRS.
Growth and alignment of the pediatric subaxial cervical spine following rigid instrumentation and fusion: a multicenter study of the Pediatric Craniocervical Society
Authors: Goldstein Hannah E. , Neira Justin A. , Banu Matei , Aldana Philipp R. , Braga Bruno P. , Brockmeyer Douglas L. , DiLuna Michael L. , Fulkerson Daniel H. , Hankinson Todd C. , Jea Andrew H. , Lew Sean M. , Limbrick David D. , Martin Jonathan , Pahys Joshua M. , Rodriguez Luis F. , Rozzelle Curtis J. , Tuite Gerald F. , Wetjen Nicholas M. , Anderson Richard C. E.
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

The long-term effects of surgical fusion on the growing subaxial cervical spine are largely unknown. Recent cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that there is continued growth of the cervical spine through the teenage years. The purpose of this multicenter study was to determine the effects of rigid instrumentation and fusion on the growing subaxial cervical spine by investigating vertical growth, cervical alignment, cervical curvature, and adjacent-segment instability over time.

METHODS

A total of 15 centers participated in this multi-institutional retrospective study. Cases involving children less than 16 years of age who underwent rigid instrumentation and fusion of the subaxial cervical spine (C-2 and T-1 inclusive) with at least 1 year of clinical and radiographic follow-up were investigated. Charts were reviewed for clinical data. Postoperative and most recent radiographs, CT, and MR images were used to measure vertical growth and assess alignment and stability.

RESULTS

Eighty-one patients were included in the study, with a mean follow-up of 33 months. Ninety-five percent of patients had complete clinical resolution or significant improvement in symptoms. Postoperative cervical kyphosis was seen in only 4 patients (5%), and none developed a swan-neck deformity, unintended adjacent-level fusion, or instability. Of patients with at least 2 years of follow-up, 62% demonstrated growth across the fusion construct. On average, vertical growth was 79% (4-level constructs), 83% (3-level constructs), or 100% (2-level constructs) of expected growth. When comparing the group with continued vertical growth to the one without growth, there were no statistically significant differences in terms of age, sex, underlying etiology, surgical approach, or number of levels fused.

CONCLUSIONS

Continued vertical growth of the subaxial spine occurs in nearly two-thirds of children after rigid instrumentation and fusion of the subaxial spine. Failure of continued vertical growth is not associated with the patient’s age, sex, underlying etiology, number of levels fused, or surgical approach. Further studies are needed to understand this dichotomy and determine the long-term biomechanical effects of surgery on the growing pediatric cervical spine.
Statins and Musculoskeletal Conditions in U.S. Air Force Active Duty Aviators
Authors: Tvaryanas Anthony P. , Wagner Joseph H. , Maupin Genny M.
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of statin use and musculoskeletal conditions within the population of U.S. Air Force active duty aviators.METHODS: The study was a retrospective cohort analysis of aviators between 2004–2014
as identified from personnel data. Based on pharmacy data, participants were divided into two groups: statin users (received a statin for at least 90 d) and nonusers (never received a statin throughout the study period). Using participants’ baseline characteristics, a propensity score
was generated and used to match statin users to nonusers in a 1:6 ratio. Conditional logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratio for a musculoskeletal condition.RESULTS: A total of 19,330 participants met study criteria (131 statin users and 19,199 nonusers). Of these,
112 statin users were matched to 672 nonusers. Among matched pairs, statin users were not at significantly increased risk (odds ratio: 1.239; 95% confidence interval: 0.768, 1.999) for musculoskeletal conditions. Likewise, there was no observed significant association between specific musculoskeletal
disease diagnosis groups and statin use.CONCLUSIONS: In this aviator population, there was not an increased overall likelihood of musculoskeletal conditions for statin users relative to propensity score-matched nonusers. A well-designed prospective cohort analysis or clinical trial
is needed to ascertain possible adverse effects of statins on performance in the aviation environment.Tvaryanas AP, Wagner JH, Maupin GM. Statins and musculoskeletal conditions in U.S. Air Force active duty aviators. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(5):421–427.
Ice Slurry Ingestion and Physiological Strain During Exercise in Non-Compensable Heat Stress
Authors: Ng Jason , Wingo Jonathan E. , Bishop Phillip A. , Casey Jason C. , Aldrich Elizabeth K.
Published: April 2018

INTRODUCTION: Precooling with ice slurry ingestion attenuates the increase in rectal temperature (Tre) during subsequent running and cycling. It remains unclear how this cooling method affects physiological strain during work while wearing protective garments. This
study investigated the effect of ice slurry ingestion on physiological strain during work in hot conditions while wearing firefighter protective clothing.METHODS: In three counterbalanced trials, eight men (mean ± SD; age = 21 ± 2 yr, height = 179.5 ± 3.5 cm,
mass = 79.1 ± 4.1 kg, body fat = 11.4 ± 3.7%) wore firefighter protective clothing and walked (4 km · h−1, 12% incline, ∼7 METs) for 30 min in hot conditions (35°C, 40% RH). Every 2.5 min, subjects ingested 1.25 g · kg−1
(relative total: 15 g · kg−1, absolute total: 1186.7 ± 61.3 g) of a tepid (22.4 ± 1.7°C), cold (7.1 ± 1.5°C), or ice slurry (-1.3 ± 0.2°C) beverage.RESULTS: Heart rates (HR) were lower with ice slurry ingestion compared
to both fluid trials starting 5 min into exercise (tepid = 158 ± 14, cold = 157 ± 11, ice slurry = 146 ± 13 bpm) and persisting for the remainder of the bout (min 30: tepid = 196 ± 10, cold = 192 ± 10, ice slurry = 181 ± 13 bpm). Tre was
lower with ice slurry ingestion compared to cold and tepid trials (min 5: tepid = 37.17 ± 0.38, cold = 37.17 ± 0.39, ice slurry = 37.05 ± 0.43°C; min 30: tepid = 38.15 ± 0.29, cold = 38.31 ± 0.36, ice slurry = 37.95 ± 0.32°C). The physiological
strain index (PSI) was lower with ice slurry ingestion compared to fluid trials starting at min 5 (tepid = 3.8 ± 0.7, cold = 3.8 ± 0.6, ice slurry = 3.0 ± 0.5) and remained lower throughout exercise (min 30: tepid = 8.2 ± 0.6, cold = 8.3 ± 0.9, ice slurry
= 6.9 ± 1.2).DISCUSSION: A large quantity of ice slurry ingested under non-compensable heat stress conditions mitigated physiological strain during exercise by blunting the rise in heart rate and rectal temperature.Ng J, Wingo JE, Bishop PA, Casey JC, Aldrich EK. Ice
slurry ingestion and physiological strain during exercise in non-compensable heat stress. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(5):434–441.
Decompression Sickness in the F/A-18C After Atypical Cabin Pressure Fluctuations
Authors: Lee Katherine J. , Sanou Aliye Z.
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND: The spectrum of altitude decompression sickness (DCS) is evolving as more cases of atypical pressure fluctuations occur. This ongoing change makes it a difficult condition to diagnose and even more difficult to identify. Both Flight Surgeons and Undersea Medical Officers
(UMOs) must keep DCS on the differential. These two cases describe altitude DCS after unique pressure patterns, with one at a markedly lower than expected altitude for DCS.CASE REPORT: Both cases occurred in the F/A-18C and resulted in DCS requiring hyperbaric chamber treatment.
The aviator in case 1 experienced an over-pressurization to an unknown depth with a subsequent rapid decompression during a carrier approach at 600 ft (182.9 m) above sea level. The aviator in case 2 experienced cabin pressure fluctuations between 9000 ft (2743.2 m) and 18,000 ft (5486.4 m).
Both cases demonstrate the progression of DCS after partial treatment on ground-level oxygen therapy, and the case sequence illustrates how evaluations and protocols changed with experience.DISCUSSION: Decompression sickness is difficult to identify since it does not have a diagnostic
test. These cases were even more difficult because of subtle exam findings, reliance on subjective symptoms, and atypical pressure profiles. Environmental, physiological, and psychosocial factors specific to the aviation community can delay the diagnosis and treatment. Descending in altitude
and using in-flight emergency oxygen or ground-level oxygen partially treats and masks symptoms for both the aviator and the physician. The Flight Surgeons’ integration within the squadron and collaboration with UMOs is important to identify the first signs of DCS and decrease time to
treatment.Lee KJ, Sanou AZ. Decompression sickness in the F/A-18C after atypical cabin pressure fluctuations. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(5):478–482.
Linking and Cutting Spanning Trees
Authors: Russo Luís M. S. , Teixeira Andreia Sofia , Francisco Alexandre P.
Published: April 2018

We consider the problem of uniformly generating a spanning tree for an undirected connected graph. This process is useful for computing statistics, namely for phylogenetic trees. We describe a Markov chain for producing these trees. For cycle graphs, we prove that this approach significantly outperforms existing algorithms. For general graphs, experimental results show that the chain converges quickly. This yields an efficient algorithm due to the use of proper fast data structures. To obtain the mixing time of the chain we describe a coupling, which we analyze for cycle graphs and simulate for other graphs.
Experimental Investigation of the Creep Behaviour of Coal by Monitoring Changes of Acoustic Properties
Authors: Yang Sen , Zhang Nong , Feng Xiaowei , Kan Jiaguang
Published: April 2018

Time-dependent deformation of coal is a major concern for deep coal mining. When experiencing high stress conditions, the enhanced time-dependent deformation of coal will become a very possible factor to trigger the violent failure of underground openings. For this study, the inner structural variation of an extremely inhomogeneous coal subjected to incremental creep stress has been experimentally investigated by monitoring both the macroscopic deformation and acoustic property. Results show the following: (1) The pronounced inhomogeneity of coal induces considerable irregularities in creep strain data collected during the increase of stress level. These flawed data highlight the shortcomings of conventional strain-time relationship experiments for deciphering the mechanisms that control creep; (2) The mechanical response of samples under creep compression is the result of competition between compaction and cracking. Cracking deteriorates the structure and increases the ultrasonic attenuation, whilst the compaction causes the densification along the axial axis and reduces attenuation; (3) Long-term creep involves multiple structural deformations that alter the internal structure of the coal. This results in fluctuations of the ultrasonic velocities and their dynamic moduli; (4) During uploading phase of short term creep, vertical cracks develop and transform the sample into a structure consisting of separated columns. Further deterioration of the coal increases the possibility of tensile and shear failure of individual columns, which can trigger the violent collapse of an already fragile structure.
Sex Specific Alterations in α4*Nicotinic Receptor Expression in the Nucleus Accumbens
Authors: Holgate Joan Y. , Tarren Josephine R. , Bartlett Selena E.
Published: April 2018

Background: The mechanisms leading from traumatic stress to social, emotional and cognitive impairment and the development of mental illnesses are still undetermined and consequently there remains a critical need to develop therapies for preventing the adverse consequences of traumatic stress. Research indicates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing α4 subunits (α4*nAChRs) are both impacted by stress and capable of modulating the stress response. In this study, we investigated whether varenicline, a partial α4β2*nAChR agonist which reduces nicotine, alcohol and sucrose consumption, can reduce stress, a driving factor in substance use disorders. We also examined the effect of stress on nucleus accumbens (NAc) α4*nAChR expression. Methods: Transgenic mice with fluorescent tags attached to α4*nAChRs were administered varenicline and/or yohimbine (a pharmacological stressor) and plasma corticosterone and NAc α4*nAChR expression were measured. A separated group of mice were exposed to maternal separation (MS) during post-natal day (P) 2–14, then restraint stressed (30 min) at six weeks of age. Body weight, anxiety-like behaviours (elevated plus maze), plasma corticosterone and NAc α4*nAChR levels were measured. Results: Varenicline attenuated yohimbine-induced plasma corticosterone increases with no effect on NAc α4*nAChR expression. MS reduced unrestrained plasma corticosterone levels in both sexes. In females, MS increased body weight and NAc α4*nAChR expression, whereas, in males, MS and restraint caused a greater change in anxiety-like behaviours and plasma corticosterone levels. Restraint altered NAc α4*nAChR expression in both male and female MS mice. Conclusions: The effects of stress on NAc α4*nAChR are sex-dependent. While varenicline attenuated acute stress-induced rises in corticosterone levels, future studies are required to determine whether varenicline is effective for relieving the effects of stress.
Shape-Shifted Red Blood Cells: A Novel Red Blood Cell Stage?
Authors: Chico Verónica , Puente-Marin Sara , Nombela Iván , Ciordia Sergio , Mena María Carmen , Carracedo Begoña , Villena Alberto , Mercado Luis , Coll Julio , Ortega-Villaizan María del Mar
Published: April 2018

Primitive nucleated erythroid cells in the bloodstream have long been suggested to be more similar to nucleated red cells of fish, amphibians, and birds than the red cells of fetal and adult mammals. Rainbow trout Ficoll-purified red blood cells (RBCs) cultured in vitro undergo morphological changes, especially when exposed to stress, and enter a new cell stage that we have coined shape-shifted RBCs (shRBCs). We have characterized these shRBCs using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs, Wright–Giemsa staining, cell marker immunostaining, and transcriptomic and proteomic evaluation. shRBCs showed reduced density of the cytoplasm, hemoglobin loss, decondensed chromatin in the nucleus, and striking expression of the B lymphocyte molecular marker IgM. In addition, shRBCs shared some features of mammalian primitive pyrenocytes (extruded nucleus surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on cell surface). These shRBCs were transiently observed in heat-stressed rainbow trout bloodstream for three days. Functional network analysis of combined transcriptomic and proteomic studies resulted in the identification of proteins involved in pathways related to the regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation, cellular response to stress, and immune system process. In addition, shRBCs increased interleukin 8 (IL8), interleukin 1 β (IL1β), interferon ɣ (IFNɣ), and natural killer enhancing factor (NKEF) protein production in response to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). In conclusion, shRBCs may represent a novel cell stage that participates in roles related to immune response mediation, homeostasis, and the differentiation and development of blood cells.
Children’s Experience of Symptoms: Narratives through Words and Images
Authors: Sourkes Barbara
Published: April 2018

Children who live with a complex chronic or life-threatening illness face extraordinary challenges. Whether they are receiving disease-oriented treatment (aimed at potential cure or prolongation of life) or palliative treatment—or both concurrently—our challenge is to enhance their comfort and minimize their distress. Symptom management is thus a critical component of pediatric palliative care. Symptoms may be either physical or psychological in nature (or a confluence of both) and their effective management has a direct impact on the child’s quality of life. This article provides an integrative overview of children’s experience of selected physical and psychological symptoms, as expressed through their words and images. Understanding their perspectives is an essential component in the design and provision of optimal symptom management. Included, as well, are examples from siblings—a reminder of the profound impact of illness on these children who also “live” the experience, albeit in a different way. The symptoms that are described are pain, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, weakness, seizures, hair loss, depression, and anxiety. Although psychological symptoms are often inextricable from the physical, they may also present independently as part of the overall illness experience.
Analysis of Leaky Modes in Photonic Crystal Fibers Using the Surface Integral Equation Method
Authors: Chiang Jung-Sheng
Published: April 2018

A fully vectorial algorithm based on the surface integral equation method for the modelling of leaky modes in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) by solely solving the complex propagation constants of characteristic equations is presented. It can be used for calculations of the complex effective index and confinement losses of photonic crystal fibers. As complex root examination is the key technique in the solution, the new algorithm which possesses this technique can be used to solve the leaky modes of photonic crystal fibers. The leaky modes of solid-core PCFs with a hexagonal lattice of circular air-holes are reported and discussed. The simulation results indicate how the confinement loss by the imaginary part of the effective index changes with air-hole size, the number of rings of air-holes, and wavelength. Confinement loss reductions can be realized by increasing the air-hole size and the number of air-holes. The results show that the confinement loss rises with wavelength, implying that the light leaks more easily for longer wavelengths; meanwhile, the losses are decreased significantly as the air-hole size d/Λ is increased.