bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature Distribution during Solidification of Saline and Fresh Water Droplets after Striking a Super-Cooled Surface
Authors: Saha Debashish , Dehghani Saeed Reza , Pope Kevin , Muzychka Yuri
Published: November 2016

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the freezing process of fresh and saline water droplets impacted upon a supercooled surface. Freshwater solidification is a common and highly investigated phenomenon due to its application in the aircraft industry and power transmission lines. The freezing behavior of salt water, mostly encountered in marine vessels and offshore structures, is very complicated compared to fresh water due to the salt content. A comparative effort to analyze the difference and similarity between these two diverse forms are rare due to its application in contrasting industries. The present study correlates the differing ice accretion behaviors of salt and fresh water. The experiments involve the measurement of thermal distribution and physical spreading of fresh and saline water droplets as they strike and solidify on a super-cooled surface. The results show that presence of salt content in water affects the cooling time, splash area and cooling pattern for droplets. The new experimental data provides new insights on the fundamentals of sea water icing and is key to predicting marine icing in offshore arctic and sub-arctic environments.
Overview of Measures Specifically Designed to Prevent Oil Pollution in the Arctic Marine Environment from Offshore Petroleum Activities
Authors: Jacobsen Sigurd , Haver Karianne , Gudmestad Ove , Tuntland Øyvind
Published: November 2016

The Kiruna Ministerial Meeting of the Arctic Council in 2013 identified an action to develop an overview of the existing and potential technical and operational safety measures specifically designed to prevent oil pollution in the Arctic marine environment due to offshore petroleum activities. The Task Force on Arctic Marine Oil Pollution Prevention (TFOPP) was subsequently established and delivered its recommendations to the Iqaluit Ministerial Meeting in 2015. The report presented in this paper is a response to one of the recommendations.

The report (Haver, 2015) was prepared by Proactima for the Norwegian Petroleum Safety Authority acting on behalf of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The final report was delivered to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for further processing within the Arctic Council.

A comprehensive overview of measures has been established based on contributions from the industry and R&D institutions through a baseline survey in addition to reviewing open sources. The report endeavours to provide a broad overview, covering the most important areas subject to the scope of work.

An objective of the report is to provide a catalogue of existing pollution prevention measures for petroleum activities in the Arctic and a basis for evaluating the need for development of new measures. The aim is to make best use of existing knowledge in operations and optimum use of resources when considering future research and development projects.

The report demonstrates that extensive research and development initiatives have been ongoing for several decades related to enhancing the safety of offshore petroleum activities in the Arctic and cold climate regions. The report, although being a documentation of facts, presents observations, recommendations and suggestions for further work.

The objective of this paper is to make the report known to the wider community of petroleum professionals with special interest in activity in the Arctic. The paper should provide sufficient information to motivate the community to review the report and make use of it where applicable.

Note: This paper is an extract of the report (Haver, 2015) and the text is primarily taken directly from the report. The report has extensive references that are not included in this paper. The report is openly available for download at: http://www.ptil.no/getfile.php/PDF/Rapporter/Overview%20of%20measures_report_TFOPP.pdf
Technology Challenges for Year-Round Oil and Gas Production at 74°N in the Barents Sea
Authors: Per Olav Moslet , Hjelmtveit Lille Gunnar
Published: November 2016

The paper describes the technology challenges for year-round oil and gas production on 74°N in the Norwegian part of the Barents Sea. The northernmost blocks in the ongoing 23rd licensing round on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) are at 74°N and the physical environment in this area differs from other areas on the NCS where there are oil and gas production today. Firstly the paper briefly describes the physical environment in the Barents Sea, secondly it describes the technology challenges given year-round production. There are identified eleven key technologies which are enabling year-round oil and gas production in the Barents Sea. The technologies are grouped into which technologies that are considered necessary for enabling production, and which can enhance the production in either reducing CAPEX and OPEX or increasing production. All identified technologies have a relatively high technology maturity level. This means that in many cases technologies have already been applied other places in the world (e.g. Canadian Grand Banks) and could be adopted with minor modifications. In some other cases, technologies would have to be further tested at full scale before they could be applied.
Model Tests on Wave Induced Sea Ice Breakup
Authors: Reimer N.
Published: November 2016

Many offshore operations are today located in the so called marginal ice zone (MIZ) in which ice is broken up and moved by waves. The impact of ice and waves will cause high loads on offshore structures. Typical operations as vessel approach and launching of rescue and evacuation crafts can also be affected negatively. The correlation of wave parameters and resulting ice field properties is one key factor for the prediction and simulation of such processes. First results of the laboratory test campaigns have shown that they can fill gaps left in the description and quantification of wave ice interaction processes by theoretic models, satellite observation and field measurement campaigns.

A model testing campaign with wave propagation into a solid ice field has been carried out in a 70m by 10m ice model basin. The wave parameters (length and height) were increased stepwise and the interaction process with the ice sheet was monitored and documented. Relevant parameters like the crack length and orientation and resulting floes size distribution after different runs of wave application were measured and analysed by image processing. The relation between controlled wave parameters and ice field properties in the basin are compared to theoretic approaches which are based on linear wave- and elasticity theory.

The interaction processes of waves and model ice result in a typical pattern with areas of smaller floes at the ice edge and increasing floe size with distance from the first contact zone. The floe size decreases with duration of wave application until reaching a minimum which can be related to the wave length and height (wave steepness). The first breakup of the ice sheet is observed at certain wave amplitude depending on the ice thickness.

The main purpose of the test campaign was to assess the feasibility of combined wave ice tests in a model basin. Thereby the focus was to compare observations and results of the model tests to observations in nature and theoretic descriptions of wave ice interaction. This analysis provides valuable information on scaling problems, limitations of testing range and model ice behavior in cyclic loading. The information can be used to evaluate the significance of such model tests for ice scenarios and load investigations for offshore installations.
Overview of the 2012 Iceberg Profiling Program
Authors: Younan Adel , Ralph Freeman , Ralph Todd , Bruce Jonathon
Published: November 2016

In June of 2012, a 25-day field program was carried out off the east coast of Newfoundland and Labrador with the objective of obtaining high quality 3D profiles of both grounded and freely floating icebergs. The motivation for collecting the data was to provide valuable information relating to the design of offshore platforms in iceberg-prone environments. Specifically, the data was originally acquired to provide insight regarding contact area growth as a function of penetration during a simulated impact with an offshore structure, and to assist in assessing the risk of topsides impact. The above water portion (sail) of the icebergs were profiled using photogrammetry while the below water portion of the icebergs (keel) were profiled using a multibeam system mounted on a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The drift and rotation of the iceberg during the profiling process was derived using the above water photogrammetry, and was used to correct the below water multibeam data to account for the motion of freely floating icebergs. The drift and rotation was also used to merge the above and below water portions of the iceberg. An overview of the program and resulting data set is presented in this paper. Ultimately, twenty nine three dimensional iceberg profiles were obtained as a result of this work, providing significant improvements in the iceberg shape data available for input in the design of offshore platforms in regions where icebergs present a risk to these structures.
Iceberg Impact Loads on a Concrete Floating Production Facility
Authors: Stuckey Paul , Parr Grant , Moore Perry , Sablok Anil , Blundon Andrew
Published: November 2016

The majority of exploration, development and production offshore Newfoundland has occurred in shallow water. Currently there are two floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) vessels and one gravity based structure producing oil on the Grand Banks. In recent years, there has been a move to deeper water offshore Newfoundland. There have been significant discoveries at Bay du Nord and Mizzen, and new licence blocks are opening up towards the north and northwest of the existing producing fields. With the move towards deeper water, new challenges arise. Supply facilities, search and rescue equipment and other required infrastructure is much further away. A GBS structure is no longer an option due to the water depth.

A disconnectable concrete Spar is being considered as a concept for deep water locations off Canada’s east coast. The platform is designed to withstand iceberg impacts, or to be disconnected and moved off location to avoid impacts from very large ice features. Global design loads (ice crushing forces on the platform) and mooring systems global loads were estimated using a two-step approach. First the concrete Spar was assumed to be fixed (i.e. not able to move during an iceberg impact) and quasi-static global design loads were estimated using the Iceberg Load Software (ILS). The ILS was developed to model iceberg impacts with a fixed platform such as a gravity based structure (GBS). Assuming the concrete Spar to be fixed is a very conservative assumption for floating platforms which are free to move upon impact, albeit limited by a mooring system. Second, the inertial properties of the platform and the mooring compliance were approximated using a one-dimensional timestep model. Since the time domain model is not as efficient computationally, a subset of the simulated impacts from the quasi-static analysis was used as input into the time domain model, and dynamic design loads were estimated. The resulting design loads were used by designers to ensure that the structure meets the requirements of ISO 19906:2010. The end product is a more effective design for the platform, while not compromising the safety of the personnel onboard or the integrity of the structure, mooring system or risers.
Item Response Theory Applied to Factors Affecting the Patient Journey towards Hearing Rehabilitation
Authors: Chenault Michelene , Berger Martijn , Kremer Bernd , Anteunis Lucien
Published: November 2016

To develop a tool for use in hearing screening and to evaluate the patient journey towards hearing rehabilitation, responses to the hearing aid rehabilitation questionnaire scales aid stigma, pressure, and aid unwanted addressing respectively hearing aid stigma, experienced pressure from others; perceived hearing aid benefit were evaluated with item response theory. The sample was comprised of 212 persons aged 55 years or more; 63 were hearing aid users, 64 with and 85 persons without hearing impairment according to guidelines for hearing aid reimbursement in the Netherlands. Bias was investigated relative to hearing aid use and hearing impairment within the differential test functioning framework. Items compromising model fit or demonstrating differential item functioning were dropped. The aid stigma scale was reduced from 6 to 4, the pressure scale from 7 to 4, and the aid unwanted scale from 5 to 4 items. This procedure resulted in bias-free scales ready for screening purposes and application to further understand the help-seeking process of the hearing impaired.
In vivo imaging techniques: a new era for histochemical analysis
Authors: Busato A. , Fumene Feruglio P. , Parnigotto P.P. , Marzola P. , Sbarbati A.
Published: November 2016

In vivo imaging techniques can be integrated with classical histochemistry to create an actual histochemistry of water. In particular, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), an imaging technique primarily used as diagnostic tool in clinical/preclinical research, has excellent anatomical resolution, unlimited penetration depth and intrinsic soft tissue contrast. Thanks to the technological development, MRI is not only capable to provide morphological information but also and more interestingly functional, biophysical and molecular. In this paper we describe the main features of several advanced imaging techniques, such as MRI microscopy, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, functional MRI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging and MRI with contrast agent as a useful support to classical histochemistry.
Clinical features of neuromuscular disorders in patients with N-type voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies
Authors: Totzeck Andreas , Mummel Petra , Kastrup Oliver , Hagenacker Tim
Published: November 2016

Neuromuscular junction disorders affect the pre- or postsynaptic nerve to muscle transmission due to autoimmune antibodies. Members of the group like myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton syndrome have pathophysiologically distinct characteristics. However, in practice, distinction may be difficult. We present a series of three patients with a myasthenic syndrome, dropped-head syndrome, bulbar and respiratory muscle weakness and positive testing for anti-N-type voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies. In two cases anti-acetylcholin receptor antibodies were elevated, anti-P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies were negative. All patients initially responded to pyridostigmine with a non-response in the course of the disease. While one patient recovered well after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins, 3,4-diaminopyridine, steroids and later on immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil, a second died after restriction of treatment due to unfavorable cancer diagnosis, the third patient declined treatment. Although new antibodies causing neuromuscular disorders were discovered, clinical distinction has not yet been made. Our patients showed features of pre- and postsynaptic myasthenic syndrome as well as severe dropped-head syndrome and bulbar and axial muscle weakness, but only anti-N-type voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies were positive. When administered, one patient benefited from 3,4-diaminopyridine. We suggest that this overlap-syndrome should be considered especially in patients with assumed seronegative myasthenia gravis and lack of improvement under standard therapy.
In vivo Photonic Stimulation of Sciatic Nerve with a 1470 nm Laser
Authors: Dautrebande Marie , Doguet Pascal , Gorza Simon-Pierre , Delbeke Jean , Botquin Yohan , Nonclercq Antoine
Published: November 2016

Photonic stimulation is a new modality of nerve stimulation, which could overcome some of the electrical stimulation limitations. In this paper, we present the results of photonic stimulation of rodent sciatic nerve with a 1470 nm laser. Muscle activation was observed with radiant exposure of 0.084 J/cm2.
Electrically and hybrid-induced muscle activations: effects of muscle size and fiber type
Authors: Stratton Kelly , Faghri Pouran D.
Published: November 2016

The effect of three electrical stimulation (ES) frequencies (10, 35, and 50 Hz) on two muscle groups with different proportions of fast and slow twitch fibers (abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and vastus lateralis (VL)) was explored. We evaluated the acute muscles’ responses individually and during hybrid activations (ES superimposed by voluntary activations). Surface electromyography (sEMG) and force measurements were evaluated as outcomes. Ten healthy adults (mean age: 24.4 ± 2.5 years) participated after signing an informed consent form approved by the university Institutional Review Board. Protocols were developed to: 1) compare EMG activities during each frequency for each muscle when generating 25% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) force, and 2) compare EMG activities during each frequency when additional voluntary activation was superimposed over ES-induced 25% MVC to reach 50% and 75% MVC. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) was utilized to separate ES artifacts from voluntary muscle activation. For both muscles, higher stimulation frequency (35 and 50Hz) induced higher electrical output detected at 25% of MVC, suggesting more recruitment with higher frequencies. Hybrid activation generated proportionally less electrical activity than ES alone. ES and voluntary activations appear to generate two different modes of muscle recruitment. ES may provoke muscle strength by activating more fatiguing fast acting fibers, but voluntary activation elicits more muscle coordination. Therefore, during the hybrid activation, less electrical activity may be detected due to recruitment of more fatigue-resistant deeper muscle fibers, not reachable by surface EMG.
Spatial and spatio-temporal analysis of malaria in the state of Acre, western Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Kohara Melchior Leonardo Augusto , Chiaravalloti Neto Francisco
Published: November 2016

Since 2005, the State of Acre, western Amazon, Brazil, has reported the highest annual parasite incidence (API) of malaria among the Brazilian states. This study examines malaria incidence in Acre using spatial and spatio-temporal analysis based on an ecological time series study analyzing malaria cases and deaths for the time period 1992- 2014 and using secondary data. API indexes were calculated by age, sex, parasite species, ratio of Plasmodium vivax to P. falciparum malaria, malaria mortality rate and case fatality rate. SaTScan was used to detect spatial and spatio-temporal clusters of malaria cases and data were represented in the form of choropleth maps. A high-risk cluster of malaria was detected in Vale do Juruá and three low-risk clusters in Vale do Acre for both parasite species. Those younger than 19 years of age and females showed a high incidence of malaria in Vale do Juruá, but working-age males were the most affected in Vale do Acre. The malaria mortality rate showed a decreasing trend across the state, while the case fatality rate increased only in the micro-region of Rio Branco during the study period. We conclude that malaria is a focal disease in Acre showing different spatial and spatio-temporal patterns of cases and deaths that vary by age, sex, and parasite species. Malaria incidence is thought to be influenced by factors related to regional characteristics; therefore, appropriate disease and vector control strategies must be implemented at each locality.
Space-time epidemiology and effect of meteorological parameters on influenza-like illness in Phitsanulok, a northern province in Thailand
Authors: Nimbalkar Prakash Madhav , Tripathi Nitin Kumar
Published: November 2016

Influenza-like illness (ILI) is an acute respiratory disease that remains a public health concern for its ability to circulate globally affecting any age group and gender causing serious illness with mortality risk. Comprehensive assessment of the spatio-temporal dynamics of ILI is a prerequisite for effective risk assessment and application of control measures. Though meteorological parameters, such as rainfall, average relative humidity and temperature, influence ILI and represent crucial information for control of this disease, the relation between the disease and these variables is not clearly understood in tropical climates. The aim of this study was to analyse the epidemiology of ILI cases using integrated methods (space-time analysis, spatial autocorrelation and other correlation statistics). After 2009s H1N1 influenza pandemic, Phitsanulok Province in northern Thailand was strongly affected by ILI for many years. This study is based on ILI cases in villages in this province from 2005 to 2012. We used highly precise weekly incidence records covering eight years, which allowed accurate estimation of the ILI outbreak. Comprehensive methodology was developed to analyse the global and local patterns of the spread of the disease. Significant space-time clusters were detected over the study region during eight different periods. ILI cases showed seasonal clustered patterns with a peak in 2010 (P>0.05-9.999 iterations). Local indicators of spatial association identified hotspots for each year. Statistically, the weather pattern showed a clear influence on ILI cases and it strongly correlated with humidity at a lag of 1 month, while temperature had a weaker correlation.
Smartphone-assisted spatial data collection improves geographic information quality: pilot study using a birth records dataset
Authors: Xu Xiaohui , Hu Hui , Ha Sandie , Han Daikwon
Published: November 2016

It is well known that the conventional, automated geocoding method based on self-reported residential addresses has many issues. We developed a smartphone-assisted aerial image-based method, which uses the Google Maps application programming interface as a spatial data collection tool during the birth registration process. In this pilot study, we have tested whether the smartphone-assisted method provides more accurate geographic information than the automated geocoding method in the scenario when both methods can get the address geocodes. We randomly selected 100 well-geocoded addresses among women who gave birth in Alachua county, Florida in 2012. We compared geocodes generated from three geocoding methods: i) the smartphone-assisted aerial image-based method; ii) the conventional, automated geocoding method; and iii) the global positioning system (GPS). We used the GPS data as the reference method. The automated geocoding method yielded positional errors larger than 100 m among 29.3% of addresses, while all addresses geocoded by the smartphoneassisted method had errors less than 100 m. The positional errors of the automated geocoding method were greater for apartment/condominiums compared with other dwellings and also for rural addresses compared with urban ones. We conclude that the smartphone-assisted method is a promising method for perspective spatial data collection by improving positional accuracy.
Local landscape effects on population dynamics of Ixodes ricinus
Authors: Asghar Naveed , Petersson Mona , Johansson Magnus , Dinnetz Patrik
Published: November 2016

Ixodes ricinus, a common tick in Europe, transmits severe tickborne pathogens (TBPs). In Sweden, both prevalence and incidence of tick-borne infections have increased during the last few decades, and a majority of the cases is reported from the area around Stockholm. Among ticks, transmission of TBPs involves co-feeding of susceptible larvae or nymphs with infected ticks on the same host. Seasonal synchrony of immature stages and total tick abundance are important factors for the probability of horizontal transmission of TBPs. We have studied the association between local landscape characteristics and population dynamics and the probability of co-occurrence of different life cycle stages of I. ricinus at different locations south of Stockholm, Sweden. We found significant spatiotemporal variation in tick activity patterns. Mean tick abundance varied with a tenfold difference among study sites. The probability of co-occurrence of larvae, nymphs and female adults was highest in June and decreased significantly with vegetation height. In addition, the amount of forest habitat and open water in the surrounding landscape of the study sites expressed significant negative effects on tick abundance and co-occurrence, indicating that environmental heterogeneity may increase the likelihood of good rodent habitats, which in turn, are suitable hosts for immature ticks.
Geographic distribution of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in stray dogs of eastern Romania
Authors: Ciucă Lavinia , Musella Vincenzo , Miron Liviu D. , Maurelli Maria Paola , Cringoli Giuseppe , Bosco Antonio , Rinaldi Laura
Published: November 2016

A survey was conducted in the eastern part of Romania to assess the prevalence and geographical distribution of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs. Plasma samples were collected from 458 stray dogs hosted in shelters in 8 counties and tested serologically for the presence of heartworm. In addition, 45 blood samples from dogs of a shelter in Galati city were examined by the modified Knott and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. The immmunological assay showed a heartworm infection prevalence of 8.9% in the dogs. Optical density results for positive samples ranged between 0.217 and 2.683. Geographical information systems (GIS) were used to produce overlays of distribution maps of D. immitis prevalence and predictive maps based on temperature suitability. High prevalence of D. immitis was found in the central East up to the northern border of the country, i.e. Galati county (60%), followed by the counties of Vaslui (12.0%) and Iasi (7.7%). Out of 45 samples examined using the Knott test, 23 were positive for circulating microfilariae (51.1%), while 19 dogs were positive for D. immitis and 4 for both D. immitis and D. repens with the multiplex PCR test. The high prevalence for D. immitis shown in dogs in the Southeast (Galati, 42.2%) also by multiplex PCR gave strong support to the results achieved by the serological tests. The present study confirms the ability of GIS to predict the distribution and epidemiology of dirofilariosis in different geographical territories as has been already demonstrated by the empirical epidemiological data obtained at the continental, national and intraregional levels.
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome Promptly Diagnosed with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Including Magnetic Resonance Angiography during Immunosuppressive Therapy in a 16-Year-Old Girl with Refractory Cytopenia of Childhood
Authors: Ueki Hideaki , Sanayama Yasushi , Miyajima Akiyo , Tsuchimochi Taichiro , Igarashi Shunji , Sunami Shosuke
Published: November 2016

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a syndrome characterized by severe headache with segmental vasoconstriction of the cerebral arteries that resolves within 12 weeks. A 16-year-old girl with refractory cytopenia of childhood, who was receiving the immunosuppressant cyclosporine, developed severe headache and was diagnosed with RCVS using magnetic resonance imaging, including magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). MRA is a non-invasive and very effective technique for diagnosing RCVS. MRA should be performed at the onset of severe headache during immunosuppressant administration for children with hematological disorders and may prevent sequelae such as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome or ischemic attack.
Lady with erotic preference for diapers
Authors: Cernovsky Zack , Bureau Yves
Published: November 2016

A patient in her 20s was referred to us for psychological assessment due to her depression and suicide attempts. She mentioned being anorgasmic except when diapered and emphasized her erotic preference for diapers. Her childhood included maternal deprivation in an impecunious family headed by an irritable physically disabled father on social assistance. Given the maternal deprivation in childhood, her erotic fixation on diapers parallels the emotional attachment to diapers observed by Harlow in mother deprived infant monkeys. Etiological hypotheses should also include the paradigm of avoidance learning from theories of behavior therapy. Our patient does not wish to change her sexual preference: in such cases, fetishism is not considered as an illness by DSM5. However, she needs to be treated for pathological levels of depression with suicidal ideation and low self-esteem.
Severe cold lower limbs in patients with Parkinson’s disease during the summer
Authors: Kataoka Hiroshi , Ueno Satoshi
Published: November 2016

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is frequently associated with vasomotor symptoms such as distal cold limbs or sensitivity to cold. Coldness of the lower limbs (COL) usually occurs in winter and is often accompanied by pain, potentially causing difficulty in walking or standing. A standard dopaminergic treatment for such symptoms is yet to be established. We describe two patients with PD, who had severe COL during summer. For example, the patients wore many pairs of socks or used heating appliances in the summer. Severe COL can occur in summertime and can be intolerable or unpleasant, since it can worsen disability. The treatment with a dopamine agonist did not sufficiently decrease the severity of COL.
Primary Intraosseous Smooth Muscle Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential: Original Report and Molecular Characterization
Authors: Kropp Lauren , Siegal Gene P. , Frampton Garrett M. , Rodriguez Michael G. , McKee Svetlana , Conry Robert M.
Published: November 2016

We report the first case of primary intraosseous smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) which is analogous to borderline malignant uterine smooth muscle tumors so designated. The tumor presented in the femur of an otherwise healthy 30-year-old woman. Over a 3-year period, the patient underwent 11 biopsies or resections and 2 cytologic procedures. Multiple pathologists reviewed the histologic material including musculoskeletal pathologists but could not reach a definitive diagnosis. However, metastases eventually developed and were rapidly progressive and responsive to gemcitabine and docetaxel. Molecular characterization and ultrastructural analysis was consistent with smooth muscle origin, and amplification of unmutated chromosome 12p and 12q segments appears to be the major genomic driver of this tumor. Primary intraosseous STUMP is thought to be genetically related to leiomyosarcoma of bone, but likely representing an earlier stage of carcinogenesis. Wide excision and aggressive follow-up is warranted for this potentially life-threatening neoplasm.
Die effek van finansiële trauma na aftrede op eiewaarde
Authors: Kleinschmidt Fredrieka M.J.
Published: November 2016

The effect of financial trauma after retirement on selfworth. The South African community, as communities worldwide, is characterised by longevity. This results in a steadily increasing number of people still retiring in accordance with the current retirement policy at the ages 60 to 65 years, despite the higher life expectancy. The rising cost of living, unforeseen events and circumstances as well as the fact that retirees ‘outlive’ their retirement funds, result in an increased number of retirees experiencing financial need. In a recent study by the author the effect thereof, especially on self-worth, was investigated. It became evident that pastors are often not sufficiently informed or equipped to recognise and deal with the negative emotions experienced by elderly people who had not lived in chronic poverty, but had become impoverished after retirement. The urgent need for a better understanding of the causes and extent of financial trauma after retirement and the effect thereof on selfworth compelled the author to conduct an investigation into the matter with the aim of providing a holistic approach to pastoral guidance.
Some reflections on the ‘new covenant’ in Hebrews 12:24
Authors: Jordaan Gert J.C.
Published: November 2016

In Hebrews 12:24 Jesus is called the Mediator of a διαθήκη νέα [new covenant], instead of aδιαθήκη καινή, as elsewhere in the New Testament. This peculiar reference to the new covenantis investigated within its relation to ‘the sprinkled blood that speaks of something better thanthe blood of Abel’ (Heb 12:24). In the investigation considerations from the micro- andmacrocontext of the structure of Hebrews are taken into account, as well as intertextua considerations. Special attention is given to the revelation-historical meaning of the blood ofAbel who was murdered by his brother (Gn 4:1–16). The outcome of the investigation is thatHebrews 12:24 uses the phrase διαθήκη νέα since, in contrast to the rest of Hebrews, it does notcompare the new covenant to the old covenant with Israel, but to the situation of humankindin their depravity after the fall into sin. Although God’s promise of a seed (Christ) in Genesis 3:15 already brought a shimmering of hope for salvation to fallen humankind, the blood of themurdered Abel witnessed to the fact that in itself humankind was destined for God’sjudgement, without a possibility of reconciliation with God. However, in his covenant of graceas already foreseen in the promised seed, God created a completely new possibility, namelythe prospect that the blood of Christ will bring about complete reconciliation with God andsalvation from his vengeance. Within the hopeless situation as witnessed by the blood of Abel the covenant leading to the reconciliatory sacrifice of Christ was a completely new outcome – aδιαθήκη νέα.
Repellent activities of dichloromethane extract of Allium sativum (garlic) (Liliaceae) against Hyalomma rufipes (Acari)
Authors: Nchu Felix , Magano Solomon R. , Eloff Jacobus N.
Published: November 2016

Dichloromethane (DCM) extract of garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) bulbs was assessed for its repellent effect against the hard tick, Hyalomma rufipes (Acari: Ixodidae) using two tick behavioural bioassays; Type A and Type B repellency bioassays, under laboratory conditions. These bioassays exploit the questing behaviour of H. rufipes, a tick that in nature displays ambush strategy, seeking its host by climbing up on vegetation and attaching to a passing host. One hundred microlitres (100 µL) of the test solution containing DCM extract of garlic bulbs and DCM at concentrations of 0.35%, 0.7% or 1.4% w/v were evaluated. DCM only was used for control. Tick repellency increased significantly (R2 = 0.98) with increasing concentration (40.03% – 86.96%) yielding an EC50 of 0.45% w/v in Type B repellency bioassay. At concentration of 1.4% w/v, the DCM extract of garlic bulbs produced high repellency index of 87% (male ticks) and 87.5% (female ticks) in the Type A repellency bioassay. Only 4% avoidance of male ticks or female ticks was recorded in the Type B repellency bioassay. In the corresponding controls, the mean numbers of non-repelled male or female ticks were 80% and 41 males or 38 females of 50 ticks in the Type A and Type B repellency bioassays, respectively. The variations in the results could be attributed to the difference in tick repellent behaviours that were assessed by the two repellency bioassays; the Type A repellency bioassay assessed repellent effect of garlic extracts without discriminating between deterrence and avoidance whereas the Type B repellency bioassay only assessed avoidance response. Generally, DCM extract of garlic was repellent against H. rufipes, albeit weak tick repellency was obtained in the Type B repellency bioassay. Furthermore, this study established that the tick repellent activity of garlic extracts is predominantly by deterrence.
Differential forms in algebraic geometry – A new perspective in the singular case
Authors: Huber-Klawitter Annette
Published: November 2016

Differential forms are a rich source of invariants in algebraic geometry. This approach was very successful for smooth varieties, but the singular case is less well-understood. We explain how the use of the h-topology (introduced by Suslin and Voevodsky in order to study motives) gives a very good object also in the singular case, at least in characteristic 0. We also explain problems and solutions in positive characteristic.
Простые правоальтернативные супералгебры абелева типа, четная часть которых является полем
Authors: Pchelintsev Sergey Valentinovich , Shashkov Oleg Vladimirovich
Published: November 2016

Изучаются центральные простые унитальные правоальтернативные супералгебры $B=\Gamma\oplus M$ абелева типа произвольной размерности, у которых четная часть $\Gamma$ является полем. Доказано, что всякая такая супералгебра $B=\Gamma\oplus M$, за исключением супералгебры $B_{1|2}$, является дублем, т. е. нечетная часть представима в виде $M=\Gamma x$ для подходящего $x$. Если порождающий элемент $x$ коммутирует с четной частью $\Gamma$, то $B$ изоморфна скрученной супералгебре векторного типа $B(\Gamma,D,\gamma)$, введенной И. П. Шестаковым [1], [2].
Если же $x$ коммутирует с нечетной частью $M$, то $B$ изоморфна супералгебре $B(\Gamma, ^*,R_\omega)$, введенной в [3] под названием $\omega$-дубль.
Доказано, что если основное поле алгебраически замкнуто, то $B$ изоморфна одной из супералгебр $B_{1|2}$, $B(\Gamma,D,\gamma)$ или $B(\Gamma, ^*,R_\omega)$.
Библиография: 7 наименований.
Metrics for Electronic-Nursing-Record-Based Narratives: cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Kim Kidong , Jeong Suyeon , Lee Kyogu , Park Hyeoun-Ae , Min Yul , Lee Joo , Kim Yekyung , Yoo Sooyoung , Doh Gippeum , Ahn Soyeon
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the characteristics of quantitative metrics for nursing narratives documented in electronic nursing records and their association with hospital admission traits and diagnoses in a large data set not limited to specific patient events or hypotheses.

MethodsWe collected 135,406,873 electronic, structured coded nursing narratives from 231,494 hospital admissions of patients discharged between 2008 and 2012 at a tertiary teaching institution that routinely uses an electronic health records system. The standardized number of nursing narratives (i.e., the total number of nursing narratives divided by the length of the hospital stay) was suggested to integrate the frequency and quantity of nursing documentation.

ResultsThe standardized number of nursing narratives was higher for patients aged ≥ 70 years (median = 30.2 narratives/day, interquartile range [IQR] = 24.0–39.4 narratives/day), long (≥ 8 days) hospital stays (median = 34.6 narratives/day, IQR = 27.2–43.5 narratives/day), and hospital deaths (median = 59.1 narratives/day, IQR = 47.0–74.8 narratives/day). The standardized number of narratives was higher in “pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium” (median = 46.5, IQR = 39.0–54.7) and “diseases of the circulatory system” admissions (median = 35.7, IQR = 29.0–43.4).

ConclusionsDiverse hospital admissions can be consistently described with nursing-documentderived metrics for similar hospital admissions and diagnoses. Some areas of hospital admissions may have consistently increasing volumes of nursing documentation across years. Usability of electronic nursing document metrics for evaluating healthcare requires multiple aspects of hospital admissions to be considered.

Citation: Kim K, Jeong S, Lee K, Park H-A, Min YH, Lee JY, Kim Y, Yoo S, Doh G, Ahn S. Metrics for electronicnursing-record-based narratives: cross-sectional analysis.
The Met Office HadGEM3-ES Chemistry-Climate Model: Evaluation of stratospheric dynamics and its impact on ozone
Authors: Hardiman Steven C. , Butchart Neal , O'Connor Fiona M. , Rumbold Steven T.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Free-running and nudged versions of a Met Office chemistry-climate model are evaluated and used to investigate the impact of dynamics versus transport and chemistry within the model on the simulated evolution of stratospheric ozone. Metrics of the dynamical processes relevant for simulating stratospheric ozone are calculated, and the free-running model is found to outperform the previous model version in 12 of the 14 metrics. In particular, large biases in stratospheric transport and tropical tropopause temperature, which existed in the previous model version, are substantially reduced, making the current model more suitable for the simulation of stratospheric ozone. The spatial structure of the ozone hole, the area of polar stratospheric clouds, and the increased ozone concentrations in the northern hemisphere winter stratosphere following sudden stratospheric warmings, were all found to be sensitive to the accuracy of the dynamics and were better simulated in the nudged model than the free-running model. However, significant biases in stratospheric transport, water vapour and ozone concentrations still exist in the nudged model. Further, stratospheric transport biases lead to biases in the downward ozone flux into the troposphere. Thus, whilst nudging can, in general, provide a useful tool for removing the influence of dynamical biases from the evolution of chemical fields, this study shows that nudged models still remain far from perfect.
Simple Scaling of extreme precipitation in North America
Authors: Innocenti Silvia , Mailhot Alain , Frigon Anne
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Extreme precipitation is highly variable in space and time. It is therefore important to characterize precipitation intensity distributions at several temporal and spatial scales. This is a key issue in infrastructure design and risk analysis, for which Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves are the standard tools used for describing the relationships among extreme rainfall intensities, their frequencies, and their durations. Simple Scaling (SS) models, characterizing the relationships among extreme probability distributions at several durations, represent a powerful means for improving IDF estimates. This study tested SS models for approximately 2700 stations in North America. Annual Maxima Series (AMS) over various duration intervals from 15 h to 7 days were considered. The range of validity, magnitude, and spatial variability of the estimated scaling exponents were investigated. Results provide additional guidance for the influence of both local geographical characteristics, such as topography, and regional climatic features on precipitation scaling. Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distributions based on SS models were also examined. Results demonstrate an improvement of GEV parameter estimates, especially for the shape parameter, when data from different durations were pooled under the SS hypothesis.
A structure design method for compliant parallel manipulators with actuation isolation
Authors: Hao Guangbo , Kong Xianwen
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Since precise linear actuators of a compliant parallel manipulator suffer from their inability to tolerate the transverse motion/load in the multi-axis motion, actuation isolation should be considered in the compliant manipulator design to eliminate the transverse motion at the point of actuation. This paper presents an effective design method for constructing compliant parallel manipulators with actuation isolation, by adding the same number of actuation legs as the number of the DOF (degree of freedom) of the original mechanism. The method is demonstrated by two design case studies, one of which is quantitatively studied by analytical modelling. The modelling results confirm possible inherent issues of the proposed structure design method such as increased primary stiffness, introduced extra parasitic motions and cross-axis coupling motions.
Landslide forecasting and factors influencing predictability
Authors: Intrieri Emanuele , Gigli Giovanni
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Forecasting a catastrophic collapse is a key element in landslide risk reduction, but it is also a very difficult task owing to the scientific difficulties in predicting a complex natural event and also to the severe social repercussions caused by a false or missed alarm. A prediction is always affected by a certain error; however, when this error can imply evacuations or other severe consequences a high reliability in the forecast is, at least, desirable. In order to increase the confidence of predictions, a new methodology is presented here. In contrast to traditional approaches, this methodology iteratively applies several forecasting methods based on displacement data and, thanks to an innovative data representation, gives a valuation of the reliability of the prediction. This approach has been employed to back-analyse 15 landslide collapses. By introducing a predictability index, this study also contributes to the understanding of how geology and other factors influence the possibility of forecasting a slope failure. The results showed how kinematics, and all the factors influencing it, such as geomechanics, rainfall and other external agents, are key concerning landslide predictability.
Seismic hazard in low slip rate crustal faults, estimating the characteristic event and the most hazardous zone: study case San Ramón Fault, in southern Andes
Authors: Estay Nicolás P. , Yáñez Gonzalo , Carretier Sebastien , Lira Elias , Maringue José
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Crustal faults located close to cities may induce catastrophic damages. When recurrence times are in the range of 1000–10 000 or higher, actions to mitigate the effects of the associated earthquake are hampered by the lack of a full seismic record, and in many cases, also of geological evidences. In order to characterize the fault behavior and its effects, we propose three different already-developed time-integration methodologies to define the most likely scenarios of rupture, and then to quantify the hazard with an empirical equation of peak ground acceleration (PGA). We consider the following methodologies: (1) stream gradient and (2) sinuosity indexes to estimate fault-related topographic effects, and (3) gravity profiles across the fault to identify the fault scarp in the basement. We chose the San Ramón Fault on which to apply these methodologies. It is a  ∼ 30 km N–S trending fault with a low slip rate (0.1–0.5 mm yr−1) and an approximated recurrence of 9000 years. It is located in the foothills of the Andes near the large city of Santiago, the capital of Chile (> 6 000 000 inhabitants). Along the fault trace we define four segments, with a mean length of  ∼ 10 km, which probably become active independently. We tested the present-day seismic activity by deploying a local seismological network for 1 year, finding five events that are spatially related to the fault. In addition, fault geometry along the most evident scarp was imaged in terms of its electrical resistivity response by a high resolution TEM (transient electromagnetic) profile. Seismic event distribution and TEM imaging allowed the constraint of the fault dip angle (∼ 65°) and its capacity to break into the surface. Using the empirical equation of Chiou and Youngs (2014) for crustal faults and considering the characteristic seismic event (thrust high-angle fault,  ∼ 10 km, Mw  =  6.2–6.7), we estimate the acceleration distribution in Santiago and the hazardous zones. City domains that are under high risk include the hanging wall zone covered by sediments and narrow zones where the fault could break the surface. Over these domains horizontal PGA can be greater than 0.5 g and eventually produce building collapse.