bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential of some endophytic bacteria in biological control of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Moslehi Shalaleh , Pourmehr Salar , Shirzad Akbar , Khakvar Reza
Published: March 2021

Background

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are among the most important plant pathogens. Biological control is one of the safety and effective methods for control of these nematodes. The aim of the present study was the isolation and identification of endophytic bacteria from tomato fields in some areas of Iran in order to evaluate their biocontrol potential against root-knot nematode. In the present study, the population of Meloidogyne was collected from infected cucumber roots of a greenhouse, and the bacteria were isolated from tomato samples collected from the fields in West-Azarbaijan province of Iran. The effects of the bacterial isolates on hatching and mortality of nematode second-stage juveniles were evaluated, and the effects of six selected isolates on infection of a susceptible cultivar of tomato with nematode were evaluated under greenhouse conditions.

Results

The root-knot nematode was identified as Meloidogyne incognita. Results showed that the all isolates exhibited considerable inhibitory effects on nematode hatching. The bacterial isolates also caused the mortality of juveniles. Six bacterial isolates with notable biocontrol potential were selected, and supplementary experiments and molecular identification of selected bacterial isolates were performed. Isolates 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, and 11 were identified as follows: Bacillus wiedmannii (MW405861), Pseudoxantomonas mexicana (MW405860), Pseudomonas thivervalensis (MW405862), Serratia liquefaciens (MW405864), Pseudomonas chlororaphis (MW405863), and P. fluorescens (MW405825), respectively. Based on the results of the greenhouse experiment, the selected isolates exhibited good results in terms of reduction of galls and egg masses of nematode. However, B. wiedmannii and S. liquefaciens had the best results in reduction of all investigated factors compared to other isolates. P. mexicana, P. chlororaphis, and P. fluorescens resulted moderate effects. P. thivervalensis was less effective than the others and in some cases had no effect on nematode reduction.

Conclusions

The results showed that endophytic bacteria are good candidates for management of root-knot nematodes. The use of such agents instead of chemicals will be very valuable to the control of nematodes.
Comparison of postoperative analgesic effects of two doses of dexamethasone in ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for inguinal hernia repair: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abdel-wahab Amani H. , Osman Ekram A. , Ahmed Abubakr Y.
Published: March 2021

Background

Ninety patients American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I–II, aged (18–60 years), were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. All enrolled patients had undergone elective primary unilateral open inguinal hernia repair under spinal anesthesia; at the end of the surgery, transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block was done by bupivacaine combined with 4 mg dexamethasone in (group I), 8 mg dexamethasone in (group II), or saline in (group III.). We aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of two different doses of dexamethasone (4 mg and 8 mg) added to bupivacaine in a unilateral single-injection (TAP) block. The first outcome measure was the time of the first analgesic request, and the secondary outcome measure was the VAS scale in the first postoperative 24 h.

Results

There was no need for any analgesia in group I and group II in the first postoperative 24 h. The time of the first analgesic request in group III was 720 ± 90 min. VAS scores were significantly lower in group I and group II than in group III, with no significant difference between group I and group II.

Conclusions

There is no difference in the first postoperative 24 h analgesic effect of the two doses of dexamethasone when added to a long-acting local anesthetic mixture in TAP blocks in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03863977
Decreased Microstructural Integrity of the Central Somatosensory Tracts in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Fang Fang , Luo Qian , Ge Ren-Bin , Lai Meng-Yu , Gong Yu-Jia , Kang Mei , Ma Ming-Ming , Zhang Lei , Li Yao , Wang Yu-Fan , Peng Yong-De
Published: March 2021

Context

Although diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is predominantly considered a disorder of the peripheral nerves, some evidence for central nervous system involvement has recently emerged. However, whether or to what extent the microstructure of central somatosensory tracts may be injured remains unknown.

Objective

This work aimed to detect the microstructure of central somatosensory tracts in type 2 diabetic patients and to correlate it with the severity of DPN.

Methods

A case-control study at a tertiary referral hospital took place with 57 individuals with type 2 diabetes (25 with DPN, 32 without DPN) and 33 nondiabetic controls. The fractional anisotropy (FA) values of 2 major somatosensory tracts (the spinothalamic tract and its thalamocortical [spino-thalamo-cortical, STC] pathway, the medial lemniscus and its thalamocortical [medial lemnisco-thalamo-cortical, MLTC] pathway) were assessed based on diffusion tensor tractography. Regression models were further applied to detect the association of FA values with the severity of DPN in diabetic patients.

Results

The mean FA values of left STC and left MLTC pathways were significantly lower in patients with DPN than those without DPN and controls. Moreover, FA values of left STC and left MLTC pathways were significantly associated with the severity of DPN (expressed as Toronto Clinical Scoring System values) in patients after adjusting for multiple confounders.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrated the axonal degeneration of central somatosensory tracts in type 2 diabetic patients with DPN. The parallel disease progression of the intracranial and extracranial somatosensory system merits further attention to the central nerves in diabetic patients with DPN.
Circulating Glycerolipids, Fatty Liver Index, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study Among Chinese
Authors: Niu Zhenhua , Wu Qingqing , Sun Liang , Qi Qibin , Zheng He , Li Huaixing , Zeng Rong , Lin Xu , Zong Geng
Published: March 2021

Context

Few lipidomic studies have specifically investigated the association of circulating glycerolipids and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, especially among Asian populations. It remains unknown whether or to what degree fatty liver could explain the associations between glycerolipids and T2D.

Objective

We aimed to assess associations between plasma glycerolipids and incident T2D and to explore a potential role of liver fat accumulation in the associations.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort study with 6 years of follow-up. The study population included 1781 Chinese participants aged 50 to 70 years. The main outcome measure was incident T2D.

Results

At the 6-year resurvey, 463 participants had developed T2D. At the false discovery rate (FDR) of 5%, 43 of 104 glycerolipids were significantly associated with incident T2D risk after multivariate adjustment for conventional risk factors. After further controlling for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 9 of the 43 glycerolipids remained significant, including 2 diacylglycerols (DAGs) (16:1/20:4, 18:2/20:5) and 7 triacylglycerols (TAGs) (46:1, 48:0, 48:1, 50:0, 50:1, 50:2, and 52:2), with relative risks (RRs) (95% CIs) ranging from 1.16 (1.05-1.27) to 1.23 (1.11-1.36) per SD increment of glycerolipids. However, additional adjustment for fatty liver index largely attenuated these findings (RR [95% CI] 0.88 [0.81 to 0.95] to 1.10 [1.01 to 1.21]). Mediation analyses suggested that the fatty liver index explained 12% to 28% of the glycerolipids-T2D associations (all P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Higher plasma levels of DAGs and TAGs were associated with increased incident T2D risk in this Chinese population, which might be partially explained by liver fat accumulation.
Peripartum Management in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Guided by Serial Thromboelastography: A Case Report
Authors: Karuppiah Arunthevaraja , Galey Jessica L. , Bharadwaj Shobana , Elsamadicy Emad A. , Kodali Bhavani Shankar
Published: March 2021

Myelodysplastic syndrome with severe thrombocytopenia is a rare disease in women of child-bearing age. The challenging aspect in management of such a patient is maintaining optimal coagulation with minimum platelet transfusion during the peripartum period. Multiple transfusions can result in allo-sensitization which can affect lifesaving bone marrow transplantation in future. Thromboelastography is a useful tool to assess and guide appropriate transfusion requirements.
Colonial Relations in Miniature: Affective Networks, Race, and the Portrait in Victor Séjour’s “Le Mulâtre”
Authors: Zehnder Madeline
Published: March 2021

This essay attends to the presence of a small portrait carried by an enslaved character, Georges, in Victor Séjour’s 1837 sketch “Le Mulâtre” (“The Mulatto”). While most eighteenth- and nineteenth-century fiction deploys miniature portraits to mediate social ties and signal emotional connection, in “Le Mulâtre” the carrying of a miniature departs from this trope, marking alienation, not affiliation. Reading Séjour’s text against popular depictions and material histories of ivory portrait miniatures, I demonstrate that these familiar objects of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century life function not merely as emblems of intimacy, as past scholars have argued, but rather as tools of what Elizabeth Maddock Dillon calls “intimate distance”—a social configuration that depends on asserting closeness with geographically distributed white populations while disavowing intimacy with physically present Black and Indigenous peoples. Although the portrait is said to depict Georges’s father, who readers know is also the man’s white enslaver, the object remains hidden from view in a bag until the final moments of the sketch, which concludes with the father’s beheading and the son’s suicide. I argue that by emplotting the miniature in a moment of bloodshed rather than of sentiment, Séjour registers the affective and material violence that undergirds white colonial definitions of the family, and invites broader critical comparison of the ways that both sentimental and colonial structures depend on racialized distributions of affections. In the concluding portion of this essay, I turn to the “little buckskin pouch” containing Alfred’s miniature and consider how its resemblance to Afro-Atlantic folk charms recasts the racialized binaries traditionally advanced by miniature portraits. Viewed as part of a charm, the portrait underscores that whiteness is a ritualized notion dependent on material signifiers.
“Multiplied without Number”: Lynching, Statistics, and Visualization in Ida B. Wells, Mark Twain, and W. E. B. Du Bois
Authors: Murphy Benjamin J.
Published: March 2021

Quantification has long played a vexed role in efforts to record and resist racial violence. Building from Ida B. Wells’s antilynching crusade, this essay examines the risks and power of calculating life and death at the close of the nineteenth century. For her part, Wells pushed mere counting past itself to a profound mode of ethical accounting. Two of her contemporaries, Mark Twain and W. E. B. Du Bois, sustained a similarly supraquantitative thrust; each attempted to harness the antilynching potential of numbers by enlisting data visualization. Twain falls short in a telling fashion, as his unpublished satire “The United States of Lyncherdom” (written in 1901) exacerbates the dehumanizing tendencies of quantification. Du Bois, however, pursues a more generative experiment, creating statistical graphics in 1900 that indict and outstrip the causal circuit that yoked scientific numbering to lynching and racial violence more broadly. This latter achievement resonates with scholarly efforts to access Black life from within a desolately tabulated archive of loss and erasure. Specifically, as triangulated with Wells and Twain, Du Bois’s graphics proffer a counterintuitive means to register life as a future-oriented, aggregate abstraction that is neither wholly conditioned by, nor separate from, a past whose violent legacies endure.
Barring the Gates
Authors: Goodman Adam
Published: March 2021

When long-term Chicago resident and World War II veteran Rodolfo Lozoya traveled to Mexico in 1957 to visit his ailing mother, he probably did not think that he would face the threat of permanent separation from his US citizen wife and children. But when he tried to reenter the United States, authorities excluded him from the country because of his alleged past membership in the Communist Party. The saga of Lozoya’s exclusion and his family’s separation offer insights into the hypocritical nature of democracy in Cold War America. The case also sheds light on the intertwined lives of citizens and noncitizens, and how immigrant rights groups such as the Midwest Committee for Protection of Foreign Born mobilized to defend people from exclusion and deportation under the McCarran-Walter Act of 1952. Federal censors’ decision to withhold materials on Lozoya more than fifty-five years later, and thirty years after his death, points to the enduring legacy of the Cold War and to the pervasive fear of radical politics in the twenty-first century.
Injury Occurrence in Break DanceAn Online Cross-Sectional Cohort Study of Breakers
Authors: Tsiouti Nefeli , Wyon Matthew
Published: March 2021

Breaking is the most physical of the hip- hop dance styles, but little research has examined the health and well-being of its participants. Using a cross-sectional recall design, a self-reported online health and well-being survey was open for a 5-month period (April 2017 to August
2017). Three hundred and twenty adult break dancers (16% professional, 65% student-recreational) with a minimum of 6-months experience completed the survey. The main outcome measures were injury incidence and etiology and training hours. Fifty-two percent of respondents trained between 4 and
9 hours per week over 3 days, which is significantly less than theatrical dancers. More than 71% reported a dance-related injury in the previous 12 months, and 44.5% were injured at time of the survey. Self-reported types of injury were significantly different from other dance genres. The
most frequently injured body parts were arm-hand (40.6%), shoulder (35.9%), knee (32.2%), neck (22.8%), and ankle (15.6%). When injured, 29% of respondents either took their own preventative steps or continued to dance carefully, while 20% sought medical help. "Yourself" was the most cited
influence on returning to dance after injury (47%). The current survey highlights breaking's differences from other dance genres, particularly with regard to injury incidence and etiology.
An Updated Systematic Review of Turnout Position Assessment Protocols Used in Dance Medicine and Science Research
Authors: Angioi Manuela , Hodgson Karis , Okholm Kryger Katrine
Published: March 2021

Turnout, or external rotation of the lower limbs, is an integral part of classical ballet technique. Contributions of lower limb structures to turnout can be separated into HER (hip external rotation) and NHCTO (non-hip contributions to turnout). This study aimed to review systematically
methods used to measure turnout in dance medicine and science research, thereby updating the literature since the Champion and Chatfield review of 2008. CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched in January 2018 by two independent reviewers. Peer-reviewed studies measuring turnout
in dance were included, except those published prior to March 23, 2006, as that was the last date of publication included in the previous review. Abstracts, theses, and editorials were excluded. From each study, study design, population (sample size, sex, age, genre of dance, and level of
training), details of the protocol used, and result of turnout measurement were extracted, as well as reliability data. All included studies were assessed for risk of bias, using either Newcastle-Ottawa scale, AXIS tool, or PEDro scale as appropriate for each study design. A total of 41 studies
met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-eight studies measured HER, nine measured NCHTO, and 22 measured total turnout (TTO). An increased number of studies investigated TTO (N = 22; N = 4 passive TTO) and NHCTO (N = 9) since 2006. All studies scored above half the points attainable from their
respective tools. Results suggest HER remains the most common protocol for measuring turnout (N = 28), despite the fact it disregards input from structures below the hip. It is concluded that researchers should focus on quality of reporting of protocols to ensure repeatability and facilitate
comparison of results. Future studies should include absolute reliability and validity testing of all currently used protocols so that standardization can be fully achieved.
Gdy autorka staje się tłumaczką, a tłumaczka autorką
Authors: Warmuzińska-Rogóż Joanna
Published: March 2021

When an Author Becomes a Translator and a Translator Becomes anAuthor. Nicole Brossard’s Le désert mauve Translated by Susanne deLotbinière-Harwood The article aims to describe the space of translation understood as a spacefor dialogue and mutual influence on the example of a novel by Nicole Brossard, Quebec writer and feminist translator, entitled Le désert mauve (1987), and its English translation (Mauve Desert, 1990), by Susanne de Lotbinière-Harwood. The first part of Brossard’s novel was written by a fictional writer, while the second part is a translation of the first part, also in French. The “original” and its “translation” are separated by the description of a translation process by a fictional translator, showing primarily how the original is interpreted. Brossard’s novel is a literary illustration of a translation as a creative act that requires invasion to the original.The English translation of the novel by de Lotbinière-Harwood shows in practice the process of interpretation and invasion, as it is based on the idea of re-writing a literary text, so called “re-creation”, very present in the Canadian context.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMIC STRIPS USE TOWARDS READING SKILL OF THE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP N 9 YOGYAKARTA IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/2017
Authors: Wulandari Arifiana Tri , Soviyah Soviyah
Published: March 2021

Teaching method is one of the aspects that must be given attention in a teaching learning process. The use of media becomes important strategy to get success in teaching learning process especially in teaching reading. The use of comic strips in teaching reading is expected to increase the students’ achievement in reading. The aim of this research is to find out the effectiveness of comic strips in reading skill for students at the seventh grade of SMP N 9 Yogyakarta.This research is an experimental research. This research was conducted in the SMP N 9 Yogyakarta on 5th May until 19th May, 2017. The population of this research was the seventh grade students, and the samples of this research were 7B as the control class and 7C as the experimental class. The analysis technique used was quantitative. The instrument used in this research was pretest and posttest. The researcher used SPSS to analyze and calculate the data and to test the hypothesis.      The result of the calculation is to > ttable, it means that the Null Hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. The mean of the pretest was 52.80, and the mean of the posttest was 75.45. Based on the result of this research, it showed that the use of comic strips in teaching reading was effective.
OVERCOMING LISTENING PROBLEMS RELATED TO LISTENERS’ PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AS A WAY TO ENHANCE GOOD ATTITUDE TOWARD ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
Authors: Rahayu Dwi , Apriyanti Chusna
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to know the listening problems related to listeners’ psychological characteristics and the strategies to solve those problems. The researchers used descriptive qualitative research design. The data are collected through observation and giving questionnaire to the students on listening class of English Education Study Program grade I STKIP PGRI Pacitan academic year 2016-2017. The result shows that there are five problems related to psychological characteristic. First, the students feel nervous and worried when they do not understand the spoken text. Second, the students have difficulties in understanding the spoken text, which is of their interest. Third, they stop listening when they have problems in understanding a listening text. Fourth, they feel disappointed when they do not have total comprehension. Fifth, before listening, they fear that they cannot understand the text. Based on these problems, the lecturer gives some solving strategies. First, the lecturer provides the text based on the students’ level and ages. This is also related to the vocabularies ability. Second, the lecturer provides listening tasks that arouse students’ interest. The lecturer gives different inputs, such radio, TV, songs, lectures, advertisement. Third, the lecturer gives extra time in each section to motivate the students in answering the task. Fourth, the lecturer provides listening task’s background knowledge. Besides, the lecturer gives feedback to increase students’ motivation. Fifth, lecturer should encourage their students to develop listening strategies, such as predicting, asking for clarification, and using non-verbal cues to improve learners’ listening comprehension ability.
OPTIMIZING STUDENTS’ BLOG BASED ONLINE BUSINESS BY UTILIZING GOOGLE KEYWORD PLANNER AND GOOGLE TRENDS
Authors: Indriyani Ellisa
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to describe the search engine optimization of students’ blog based business by utilizing Google Keyword Planner and Google Trends. Students’ blog based business is one of activities employing content writing in Business English Writing Class. It is a blog based project. As a matter of fact, most of the blog based project ended up underutilized. Producing content writing is not that simple, besides the writing quality, students have to make sure that the writing product can be searched online and indexed by Google.  Thus, not only having an excellent writing skill and qualified products, students also have to learn how to optimize their content writing. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method in term of case study. Subjects are Business English Writing Class students in English Education Department of Sebelas Maret University. The findings reveal that: 1) the students’ content writing have good quality, good optimization and resulted in the real transactional activities; 2) the students acknowledge that they have to conduct a mini research to figure out what is the most appropriate keyword elaborated in their writing used in promoting their products; 3) the students learn that blog based writing is not only substituting from paper based writing into internet based writing.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF USING DRAMA AND SIMULATION TECHNIQUES TOWARD STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY
Authors: Faliyanti Eva , Firdaus Nanda Habib
Published: March 2021

Speaking is one of the productive skills in English. It acts as an important skill which becomes a depiction of students' result in studying English. Oftentimes, English ability is measured by their speaking because it serves a tool of communication which represents the major interaction with other people. But in fact, the condition of a learning process in a sphere of speaking has not supported students to master speaking ability yet. The application of techniques and methods are actually not interesting enough to attract them. Students tend to be passive when they are in learning about material related to speaking.The objectives of this research are; to find out students' speaking score by applying drama technique; to find out students' score by using simulation technique; to find out whether the drama is better than simulation technique in increasing students' speaking ability. The population of this research is 37 students in the fourth semester of English Department at the Muhammadiyah University of Metro. The researcher conducts systematic random sampling design and pre-test and post-test control group design as a research instrument. The result of hypothesis test on test phases both provides the different result which uses 5% significant degree, where a count is higher than t -table on the analysis data of post-test with t-count =2,36  and t-table =2,12. It shows that the students who are taught by drama technique having a higher score. In conclusion that drama technique is more effective than simulation technique in term of students' speaking ability.
DESIGNING STOP MOTION VIDEO USING LEARNING STYLE APPROACH TO TEACH VOCABULARY AT 4TH GRADE SD MUHAMMADIYAH PURWODININGRATAN II IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2015/2016
Authors: Imama M. Luthfi , Munfangati Rahmi
Published: March 2021

This research was proposed to design Stop Motion video using learning style approach as a media to teach vocabulary for 4th grade students of SD Muhammadiyah Purwodiningratan II in the academic year 2015/2016.ADDIE (Analyze, Designing, Developing, Implementation, and Evaluating) was used by the researcher as a research methodology. The data for needs and learning style analysis was collected by giving questionnaire, doing an interviews and doing observation in the classroom. In order to develop the Stop Motion video, the prototype of the product was evaluated by the expert. Then, the video was implemented on the learning process to know its feasibility. In order to measure the effectiveness of the Stop Motion video, pre-test and post-test were given to class 4.A.1 as an experiment class and class 4.A.2 as a control class. The data of the pre-test and post-test were calculated by using SPSS 16.00. After the implementation, the researcher conducted an evaluation by analyzing the response of the student to the media. The result of the research suggested that stop motion video suitable to teach 4 grade elementary students of SD Muhammadiyah Purwodiningratan II.
EDMODO IN THE CLASS: THE USE OF ONLINE LEARNING IN THE CLASS SEEN FROM STUDENTS' VOICE
Authors: Aji Mahendra Puji Permana , Suhartono Suhartono
Published: March 2021

Online learning has been main concern in today’s teaching learning process since the rising use of internet. It offers many variant activities and it becomes new alternative way to communicate among teacher and students. Recently students and teachers are expected to have decent knowledge in digital learning as one way to facilitate their learning process. One form of digital learning is using Edmodo in the class. The e-learning model using edmodo was developed to support teaching and learning process in University of Nusantara PGRI Kediri. This media offers an authentic material that can be accessed anytime and anywhere. This model also gives the external links to get the other resources in the World Wide Web. The external links given is related to a discussion topic or material, and it is to improve the students' knowledge and skill in teaching and learning. Because this media is a e-learning model, the students enjoy when they browse and take a look into the material provided. Some of researchers have done the research on it, yet these studies mostly focus on the teachers’ perception towards its application in their classes. This study is a bit different as it is concentrated on students’ perceptions or voice towards Edmodo application in the class. The aim of this study is to explore students’ perception or students’ voice on online learning particularly Edmodo application in class.
Developing English materials for English for tourism
Authors: Afriandi Muhamad Argi , Fatimah Nur
Published: March 2021

The potential of tourism industry increases every year. The tourism sector is believed to be able to create centers of economic growth of the country. One of the institutions that play a role in tourism industry is English Education Department, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. This department cooperates with several tourism partners to train the students about tourism. There are two subjects about tourism named English for Tourism and Practicum on Tourism. The problem emerged from the students and materials. The students of English for Tourism lack of vocabulary and speaking. They need specific materials (textbook) for learning English about tourism. The materials of English for Tourism should be developed. Therefore, the objectives of the study are (1) developing English materials for English for Tourism; (2) finding out the possible English developed materials for English for Tourism.  This study is research and development. The steps are identifying potentials and problems, collecting the data, product design, product validation, product revision and product trial. The data were obtained from an instrument of which validation was from an expert of material, instrument expert. The validated instrument was used for subject trial assessment.  The subject of this research was the students of English for Tourism. Simple random sampling was used in this study. In composing the materials, the needs from the previous research by Effendi and Khafidhoh (2018) were one to consider in addition to the existing syllabus of English for Tourism in English Education Department. The product of this research is English developed materials (textbook) for English for Tourism. The total score of expert material’s validation is 82%, it shows that the developed materials are excellent. The mean of subject trial assessment is 82.94%, it shows that the product is excellent. The mean of the score validation and subject trial assessment is 82.47%, it is an excellent product.
The Influence of using Hangman game on the seventh graders’ vocabulary mastery
Authors: Kuning Dewi Sri , Rohaina Rohaina
Published: March 2021

Vocabulary is an important component in learning a language. Vocabulary is used to communicate to each other through listening, writing, speaking, and reading. These skills are closely related to vocabulary mastery. However, students have difficulties in understanding the vocabularies from their reading or listening activities. This research belongs to quantitative study using quasi experimental of nonequivalent control group design to find out the influence of using Hangman game on the seventh graders’ vocabulary mastery. The data were collected through a multiple-choice test. The hypothesis is tested using t-test. From the calculation of t-test, it was found that tobserved = 2.7, with df = 30+29-2 = 57 in ttable = 2.0, because tobserved ≥ ttable or 2.7 ≥ 2.0. Therefore, it can be concluded H0 is rejected, while Ha is accepted. In other words, “Hangman game influences the seventh graders’ vocabulary mastery.”
The main character’s awareness of death as reflected in Lauren Oliver’s Before I Fall: A psychological approach
Authors: Fajria Astry , Nilham Aprilia
Published: March 2021

This paper is related to the idea of death as seen in the novel Before I Fall. The major theme is about people's awareness of death from a different perspective. The novel presents a young girl’s interpretation of death when she once confronted with it. The idea of death appears as the most unwanted thing at first and turns out to be something that has to be accepted because it is inevitable. This paper will discuss people’s awareness of death that include fear and anxiety, stages of dying, and personal growth and the implication on human’s life.
Testing times
Authors: Cowley Sue
Published: March 2021

Early years sector organisations have campaigned hard for providers to have access to Covid home testing to give them parity with maintained settings. While the Government has now promised to deliver this by 22 March – the next battle is to ensure that childminders are included in the frame.
From strong roots
Authors: Solly Kathryn
Published: March 2021

Drawing on key early years theorists Kathryn Solly outlines a thoughtful comparison between trees and children. She emphasises the importance of effective observation to ensure they receive the encouragement and nourishment they need to grow strong and prosper.
Steroids in inflammatory bowel disease: a clinical review
Authors: Hussenbux Arif , De Silva Aminda
Published: March 2021

Corticosteroids are effective at inducing remission in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Acute severe ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are managed with intravenous steroids. In mild-to-moderate disease, corticosteroids can be given orally or topically. Long-term use should be limited to prevent commonly associated adverse effects. Corticosteroids should not be used to maintain remission. Blood pressure, body mass index and blood glucose monitoring are crucial while on steroids. Acid suppression along with calcium and vitamin D supplementation should be co-prescribed to all patients on long-term corticosteroids. Bridging these patients to a steroid-sparing agent early prevents steroid-refractory and steroid-dependent disease. GP education, IBD helplines, IBD clinics, multidisciplinary team meetings and regular auditing should be encouraged to prevent corticosteroid overprescribing.
Management pathways for erectile dysfunction in primary care
Authors: Steggall Martin , Mohammed Imran , Jones Keryn , Shanahan Anthony , Ellul Thomas , Bullock Nicholas , Brown Gareth
Published: March 2021

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability of a man to get and maintain an erection that is sufficient for sexual intercourse, and is a common problem. ED commonly has a profound negative impact on quality of life in the patient and his partner, which can result in changes to sexual self-confidence. This article outlines strategies for identifying and managing ED in primary care, outlining what needs to be assessed and the various treatment options available to manage the condition.
NHS Service Finder: A guide
Authors: Hancock Dave
Published: March 2021

Promoted as a source of accurate information about community pharmacies, mental health services and urgent treatment centres, the new NHS Service Finder should be a time-saving tool for GPs and practice staff. Dave Hancock reviews its features
Pandemic lessons for digital health
Authors: Dohmen Daan
Published: March 2021

The pandemic has forced healthcare staff to experiment with technology as a matter of necessity; but will the changes become a new way of working?
Computer-aided technical translation workflows - man-machine in the construction and transfer of corporate knowledge
Authors: Yuster Elia
Published: March 2021

The translation of technical documents is no longer a process to be tackled once the source text has been produced elsewhere in the corporation or institution. Instead, translation and intercultural issues are taken into account prior to the production of the technical source-text which, most frequently, gains a dynamic feature. From this standpoint, one might think that the translator loses the leading role against the technical writer, who would become the key intercultural communicator for the global marketplace. However, as it has happened to other stakeholders in the multilingual documentation chain, the translator is no longer empty-handed and is gradually developing some technologically-driven competencies that allow them to expand their battle area and contribute to knowledge transfer in our society. This paper provides an overview of the latest workflow patterns leading to multilingual technical documentation production and management, their ideal circumstances and problems, as well as deriving consequences for higher education degree programmes in translation and technical communication.
Phraseologie in arealen Bezügen: ein Problemaufriss
Authors: Piirainen Elisabeth
Published: March 2021

Traditional phraseology research tends to start from the assumption that the geographical spread of idioms of one individual language is identical to the area where that individual language is spoken. This assumption, however, is not correct for all idioms. Especially with respect to German, one has to take into account that many idioms are known only within a limited area, e. g. because of their dialectal origins. Linguistic geographical studies on phraseology are usually restricted to aspects of the German pluricentricity. What has been overlooked is the fact that an independent phraseology was beginning to develop in the former GDR. Furthermore, the fact that idioms may exist in much larger areas than that of one individual language is largely unexplored. The aim of this paper is to point to problems of phraseology research in an areal framework. Two case studies on the distribution of idioms demonstrate that any research in areal phraseology must start with comprehensive empirical work.
Abstracts – eine facettenreiche Textsorte der Wissenschaft
Authors: Busch-Lauer Ines
Published: March 2021

Der Beitrag beschreibt die Relevanz der informationsverdichtenden Textsorte Abstract in der Wissenschaftskommunikation. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Definition, die Klassifikation und die Struktur sowie ausgewählte Merkmale dieser Textsorte.
Im ersten Teil des Beitrags werden die unterschiedlichen Arten von Abstracts anhand von Textbeispielen aus der Linguistik, der Medizin und den Technikwissenschaften expliziert. Im zweiten Teil untersucht der Beitrag anhand von Abstracts, die von deutschen Studierenden der Technik- und Ingenieurwissenschaften im Rahmen ihrer fachbezogenen Englischausbildung verfasst wurden, inwieweit die textsortenimmanenten Merkmale auch von Lernenden in der Textproduktion in der Fremdsprache umgesetzt wurden. Mit dieser qualitativ beschreibenden Untersuchung trägt die Studie zur kontrastiven Fachtextsortenbeschreibung und andererseits als Praxisbericht zur Vermittlung von Textsorten im fachbezogenen Fremdsprachenunterricht an Hochschulen bei.
Interkulturelle Wissenschaftskommunikation – dargestellt an Abstracts in deutschen und türkischen Germanistikzeitschriften
Authors: Şenöz-Ayata Canan
Published: March 2021

Die Produktion und Rezeption akademischer Texte bilden den wesentlichen Bestandteil der Wissenschaftskommunikation. Beim Verfassen von Wissenschaftstexten spielen viele Faktoren wie Sprache, Kultur, wissenschaftlicher Diskurs, Fachdisziplin etc. eine große Rolle. Dementsprechend wurden in der Textlinguistik verschiedene akademische Textsorten aus mehreren europäischen Sprachen – wie Fachzeitschriftenaufsätze, Abstracts, wissenschaftliche Referate und Rezensionen – untersucht und miteinander verglichen. Das Ziel meines Beitrags besteht darin, mit textlinguistischen Methoden und Verfahren Abstracts von deutschen und türkischen Germanisten im Hinblick auf Textaufbau und Textstil zu analysieren und miteinander zu vergleichen. Das Analysekorpus bilden Abstracts, die im Zeitraum 2005–2009 in der Zeitschrift der Germanistikabteilung der Istanbul Universität (in den Studien zur deutschen Sprache und Literatur) und in der Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie erschienen sind. Ein weiteres Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, darzulegen, auf welche Weise die interkulturellen Vergleiche von Wissenschaftstexten einen wichtigen Beitrag zur internationalen Wissenschaftskommunikation leisten können. Aus der kontrastiven Studie geht hervor, dass die Abstract-Texte von deutschen und türkischen Germanisten Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede beinhalten. Eine Gemeinsamkeit liegt darin, dass in den Abstracts der beiden Wissenschaftskulturen die häufig vorkommenden Teiltextsegmente ähnlich, wobei jedoch deren Anordnungen unterschiedlich sind. Aus diesem Grund weisen die analysierten Abstracts literaturwissenschaftlicher Artikel keine festgelegten Textbaupläne auf. Der Unterschied besteht darin, dass die Abstracts der deutschen Germanisten theoriebetonter, die der türkischen hingegen inhaltsorientierter sind. Außerdem stellt sich heraus, dass sich die englischen Abstracts deutscher und türkischer Germanisten hinsichtlich des Textstils voneinander unterscheiden, da sich die deutschen Germanisten in ihren englischen Abstracts mehr an den englischen Wissenschaftsstil anpassen.
Mass Customization and Learner Autonomy: A Mexican Perspective
Authors: Llaven Nucamendi María Elena
Published: March 2021

Customization of services or products fundamentally involves choices being made by the cus-tomer. This paper explores the conception of learner autonomy in language learning and its relationship to the capacity of students to make choices about their own education as a pre-requisite for implementing mass customization in learning support. A study of the impedi-ments to learner autonomy in a Mexican context indicates some of the conceptual and cultural issues that should be addressed in implementing mass customization in language learning.
Design of Feedback in Interactive Multimedia Language Learning Environments
Authors: Türel Vehbi
Published: March 2021

In interactive multimedia environments, different digital elements (i. e. video, audio, visuals, text, animations, graphics and glossary) can be combined and delivered on the same digital computer screen (TDM 1997: 151, CCED 1987, Brett 1998: 81, Stenton 1998: 11, Mangiafico 1996: 46). This also enables effectively provision and presentation of feedback in pedagogically more efficient ways, which meets not only the requirement of different teaching and learning theories, but also the needs of language learners who vary in their learning-style preferences (Robinson 1991: 156, Peter 1994: 157f.). This study aims to bring out the pedagogical and design principles that might help us to more effectively design and customise feedback in interactive multimedia language learning environments. While so doing, some examples of thought out and customized computerised feedback from an interactive multimedia language learning environment, which were designed and created by the author of this study and were also used for language learning purposes, will be shown.
The Linguistics of Keyboard-to-screen Communication: A New Terminological Framework
Authors: Jucker Andreas H. , Dürscheid Christa
Published: March 2021

New forms of communication that have recently developed in the context of Web 2.0 make it necessary to reconsider some of the analytical tools of linguistic analysis. In the context of keyboard-to-screen communication (KSC), as we shall call it, a range of old dichotomies have become blurred or cease to be useful altogether, e. g. "asynchronous" versus "synchronous", "written" versus "spoken", "monologic" versus "dialogic", and in particular "text" versus "utterance". We propose alternative terminologies ("communicative act" and "communicative act sequence") that are more adequate to describe the new realities of online communication and can usefully be applied to such diverse entities as weblog entries, tweets, status updates on social network sites, comments on other postings and to sequences of such entities. Furthermore, in the context of social network sites, different forms of communication traditionally separated (i. e. blog, chat, email and so on) seem to converge. We illustrate and discuss these phenomena with data from Twitter and Facebook.
Classes nominales et deixis : cas des suffixes de pluriel -sι et nyὶ du dadjriwale
Authors: N'dré Damanan
Published: March 2021

In the present paper, on the one hand, an analysis of agreement and number markers allows us to understand the disintegrated nature of the nominal classification system in the Dadjiriwale language. It turnes out that these markers show a rather phonological than grammatical agreement: While the singular is marked by a zero morpheme, it is difficult to identify "binary gender markers" or "ordered pairs". Rather, the notions of gender and noun classification become intertwined in the language. On the other hand, -sι and -ny ὶ are the plural suffixes of the noun class [+human], while the suffixes -jé and -bhó are those of the class [–human]; but furthermore, they denote divisible, and indivisible things respectively. Additionally, and analogous to the suffix-bhó, the markers -pέlώ and -kl ё́ divide objects into the group of round objects and the group of elongated objects. Finally, it is shown that the relationship established between the notion of noun classes and the notion of deixis is far from being synonymous or opposing, and that it uncovers the semantic values of the modal suffixes -sι and -nyὶ in the context of utterance: In speech, they evoke exophoric and homophoric deictic values and recall instances of interlocution and delocution.
Citation in Applied Linguistics: Analysis of Introduction Sections of Iranian Master's These
Authors: Jalilifar Alireza , Dabbi Razieh
Published: March 2021

Writing a master's thesis, oftentimes the first shot by a novice researcher at writing for academic purposes, requires providing a framework and support by learning how to cite the works of others. Compared to the host of studies on research article introductions as the product of expert writing, little work has been done on citations in master's thesis introductions (MAIs), and so the paucity of research in this area calls for further investigation into citations in MAIs. To this aim, we compared the use of citation forms in 65 Iranian MAIs in the field of Applied Linguistics. Citation forms were divided into integral which play an overt grammatical role within a sentence and non-integral which play a covert grammatical role in text. Each category was further divided into sub-categories. Analyses of the citation practices indicated that integral citations constituted a greater proportion of citations in the MAIs. The study also examined stance manifested in verb controlling citations and underlined the importance of evidential marking in academic writing and discussed pedagogical implications of the research.
"Muss leider absagen. Muss noch nen referat fertig machen." –
Zur Dialogizität von Absagen und Verabredungsablehnungen in der SMS-Kommunikation
Authors: König Katharina
Published: March 2021

Short messages are used widely for the micro-coordination of appointments and meetings among friends – which also entails managing cancellations in writing. Based on a corpus of 63 text message dialogues, the paper sets out to describe different patterns: Rejections of invitations ("Verabredungsablehnungen") are distinguishable from cancellations of pre-confirmed appointments ("Absagen") in their turn-internal composition. Following a dialogic approach to text messaging, the author also discusses if and in how far the conversation-analytic notion of "preference" can be applied to quasi-synchronous written dialogues. It is argued that rejections of invitations show certain features of dispreference (e.g. delay, hedging, good news exits); cancellations of pre-confirmed appointments, however, lack some of these features, as the point of reference (i.e. the day and time of the appointment) has to be re-established first.
On Sexism in Language and Language Change –
The Case of Peninsular Spanish
Authors: Lomotey Benedicta Adokarley
Published: March 2021

The Spanish language has been described as a sexist language due to the peculiar characteris-tics of its gender morphology. It is indicated by the o ('masculine') and a ('feminine') gender morphemes which generally represent male and female respectively. This has led to an appar-ent confusion between grammatical gender and biological sex.
Against this background, this paper attempts to discover the impact of anti-sexist language proposals on the Spanish language by analyzing sample Spanish newspapers. Of the 40 articles analysed from 20 representative newspapers, findings suggest that although some anti-sexist language elements have been adopted, their usage is erratic and the masculine generics are still used extensively. The results suggest that despite the challenges facing language reform at-tempts, the reinforcement of positive language policies is possible.