bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progressive damage and permeability characteristic of gas-bearing coal–rock combination under triaxial cyclic loading
Authors: Wang Kai , Zuo Xiaohuan , Du Feng , Sun Jiazhi , Li Kangnan , Zhang Xiang , Guo Yangyang , Wang Dongxu
Published: February 2025

It is crucial to study the damage and failure characteristics of gas-bearing coal–rock combination (GBCRC) structures under cyclic loading for the prevention and management of coal–rock gas composite dynamic disasters. In order to analyze the progressive damage and permeability evolution behavior of GBCRC specimens subjected to triaxial cyclic loading–unloading (TCLU). Acoustic emission (AE)–seepage–damage TCLU tests were performed on GBCRC specimens with various confining pressures and gas pressures using the rock triaxial test system. The findings reveal that improving the confining pressure limits the initiation and propagation of cracks, increasing the progressive damage characteristic stress value of the specimen. Simultaneously, its energy storage limit is improved. The elevated gas pressure hinders the closure of the specimen's internal crack, while simultaneously accelerating the propagation rate of crack, also, the energy storage limit drops as gas pressure increases. The absolute recovery rate of permeability in combination specimens initially declines and thereafter rises progressively. The stress sensitivity of permeability reduces progressively with a rise in the number of stress cycles. The production and spread of cracks are intimately linked to the generation of AE signals, and the evolution of permeability will be impacted by the propagation of cracks. At the same time, as one of the driving forces of crack propagation, energy dissipation behavior also indirectly affects the change of AE signal and permeability. The progressive damage and failure behaviors of GBCRC specimens under TCLU can be fully reflected by the evolution behavior of the AE signal, energy dissipation, and permeability.
Role of resins on wax deposition of waxy oils and its mechanism
Authors: Li Huiyuan , Xie Yiwei , Zhang Chaoyue , Li Hongying , Zhang Jinjun
Published: February 2025

Both resins and asphaltenes are major polar components in crude oils, with the resins less polar but much more in content. Previously, the influences of asphaltene concentration and polarity on wax deposition have been studied. However, the influences of resins on the wax deposition of waxy oils have received little attention. In this paper, we discuss the influences of resins on wax deposition based on experiments with waxy model oils containing 0.5–3.0 wt. % of resins, performed in a cold finger device. It was found that the addition of resins lowers the mass but increases the wax content of the deposits. N-alkane distributions of the deposits shift toward higher carbon numbers, and the critical carbon numbers slightly increase as the resin content in the oil increases. In addition, the resins are enriched into the deposits, which can be several times higher than those in the original bulk solution. Furthermore, resins can reduce the mechanical strength of the deposits, with the yield stress and gelation temperature of the wax deposits decreasing as the resin content increases. The change of waxy oil rheology caused by the existence of asphaltenes or resins is found to play an important role in the formation, aging of the deposits, and the enrichment of polar components in the wax deposition process.
Low-frequency Raman signatures of transient polyamorphic situation in linezolid: A competition between conformational polymorphs
Authors: Khalaji Mehrnaz , Paccou Laurent , Guinet Yannick , Hédoux Alain
Published: February 2025

This paper reports two bimodal first-order transformations in the disordered form III of linezolid. The most notable result was the identification of a transient apparently amorphous state, different from the glass, during slow heating from the glass. This transient state was interpreted as resulting from the competition between two organizations, i.e., a locally preferred structure reminiscent of the ordered form and the long-range order of the disordered form, energetically closer to the undercooled liquid than the ordered form. The first-order transformation of the undercooled liquid in this short lifetime amorphous state reflects a polyamorphism in a pharmaceutical active ingredient, which is a very unusual feature in the domain of solid-state transformations in molecular materials. Meanwhile, the bimodal polymorphic transformation of the stable crystalline form II into form III via a transient liquid state during rapid heating can also be considered as an uncommon feature for a polymorphic transition. It was found that both atypical transformations assisted by thermally activated conformational motions into the disordered crystalline form III could be kinetically hindered by the high energy barrier between conformational polymorphs. As a consequence, the polyamorphic transformation can only be detected using the rapid acquisition capability of a low-frequency Raman spectrometer, probing the molecular organization from short- to long-range order.
Cold H + O2 collisions: Impact of resonances, geometric phase, and alignment
Authors: Wang Junyan , Hu Xixi , Guo Hua , Xie Daiqian
Published: February 2025

We report a quantum mechanical investigation of cold inelastic collisions between H and O2 (Ec ≤ 10 K) using a recently developed diabatic potential energy matrix for the lowest two 2A″ states coupled by conical intersections. Time-independent close coupling calculations were carried out in both the adiabatic and nonadiabatic representations in order to delineate the impact of the geometric phase (GP) on scattering. Both adiabatic and nonadiabatic results show many resonance peaks dominated by single partial waves. The inclusion of GP is found to have a large impact on the scattering resonances and more generally on both the integral cross section (ICS) and differential cross section (DCS). In addition, our investigations show that both ICS and DCS could be controlled by the initial alignment of O2, and the effect of the GP also manifest in the stereodynamics of the H + O2 collisions.
Toward equitable major histocompatibility complex binding predictions
Authors: Glynn Eric , Ghersi Dario , Singh Mona
Published: February 2025

Deep learning tools that predict peptide binding by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins play an essential role in developing personalized cancer immunotherapies and vaccines. In order to ensure equitable health outcomes from their application, MHC binding prediction methods must work well across the vast landscape of MHC alleles observed across human populations. Here, we show that there are alarming disparities across individuals in different racial and ethnic groups in how much binding data are associated with their MHC alleles. We introduce a machine learning framework to assess the impact of this data imbalance for predicting binding for any given MHC allele, and apply it to develop a state-of-the-art MHC binding prediction model that additionally provides per-allele performance estimates. We demonstrate that our MHC binding model successfully mitigates much of the data disparities observed across racial groups. To address remaining inequities, we devise an algorithmic strategy for targeted data collection. Our work lays the foundation for further development of equitable MHC binding models for use in personalized immunotherapies.
Extensive location bias of the GPCR-dependent translatome via site-selective activation of mTOR
Authors: Klauer Matthew J. , Hall Katherine L. , Jagla Caitlin A. D. , Tsvetanova Nikoleta G.
Published: February 2025

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) modulate various physiological functions by rewiring cellular gene expression in response to extracellular signals. Control of gene expression by GPCRs has been studied almost exclusively at the transcriptional level, neglecting an extensive amount of regulation that takes place translationally. Hence, little is known about the nature and mechanisms of gene-specific posttranscriptional regulation downstream of receptor activation. Here, we apply an unbiased multiomics approach to delineate an extensive translational regulatory program initiated by the prototypical beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) and provide mechanistic insights into how these processes are orchestrated. Using ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq), we identify nearly 120 gene targets of adrenergic receptor activity for which expression is exclusively regulated at the level of translation. We next show that all translational changes are induced selectively by endosomal β2-ARs and report that this proceeds through activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Specifically, within the set of translational GPCR targets, we find significant enrichment of genes with 5’ terminal oligopyrimidine (TOP) motifs, a gene class classically known to be translationally regulated by mTOR. We then demonstrate that endosomal β2-ARs are required for mTOR activation and subsequent mTOR-dependent TOP mRNA translation. This site-selective crosstalk between the pathways is observed in multiple cell models with native β2-ARs, across a range of endogenous and synthetic adrenergic agonists, and for other GPCRs with intracellular activity. Together, this comprehensive analysis of drug-induced translational regulation establishes a critical role for location-biased GPCR signaling in fine-tuning the cellular protein landscape.
OsNLP3 and OsPHR2 orchestrate direct and mycorrhizal pathways for nitrate uptake by regulating NAR2.1–NRT2s complexes in rice
Authors: Wang Shuangshuang , Ye Hanghang , Yang Congfan , Zhang Yan , Pu Jiawen , Ren Yuhan , Xie Kun , Wang Lingxiao , Zeng Dechao , He Haoqiang , Ji Haoyan , Herrera-Estrella Luis Rafael , Xu Guohua , Chen Aiqun
Published: February 2025

Nitrogen (N) is the most important essential nutrient required by plants. Most land plants have evolved two N uptake pathways, a direct root pathway and a symbiotic pathway, via association with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. However, the interaction between the two pathways is ambiguous. Here, we report that OsNAR2.1–OsNRT2s, the nitrate (NO
3
−
) transporter complexes with crucial roles in direct NO
3
−
uptake, are also recruited for symbiotic NO
3
−
uptake.
OsNAR2.1
and
OsNRT2.1/2.2
are coregulated by NIN-like protein 3 (OsNLP3), a key regulator in NO
3
−
signaling, and OsPHR2, a major regulator of phosphate starvation responses. More importantly, AM symbiosis induces expression of
OsNAR2.1
–
OsNRT2s, OsNLP3,
and
OsSPX4
, encoding an intracellular Pi sensor, in arbuscular-containing cells, but weakens their expression in the epidermis.
OsNAR2.1
and
OsNLP3
can activate both mycorrhizal NO
3
−
uptake and mycorrhization efficiency. Overall, we demonstrate that OsNLP3 and OsPHR2 orchestrate the direct and mycorrhizal NO
3
−
uptake pathways by regulating the NAR2.1–NRT2s complexes in rice.
Tracking proteasome degradation: A cross-organ analysis via intact degradomics mass spectrometry
Authors: Zittlau Katharina I. , Zachor-Movshovitz Daniel , Leushkin Yegor , Schimmel Brener Roy , Morgenstern David , Ben-Nissan Gili , Sharon Michal
Published: February 2025

The proteasome is a multisubunit degradation machinery that is essential for maintaining protein homeostasis by breaking down unnecessary or damaged proteins into peptides. While most of these peptides are further processed into amino acids, a subset evades complete degradation and plays key roles in biological processes such as antigen presentation, signaling, and apoptosis. However, the variability in peptide lengths and the diverse composition of proteasomes make their comprehensive identification and characterization particularly challenging. Here, we present a method that enables real-time identification of generated peptides, as well as uncleaved and partially cleaved protein substrates, revealing the processive nature of protein proteasomal degradation. Our intact degradomics workflow is based on intact mass spectrometry measurements and treats the enzymatically produced peptides as if they were generated within the mass spectrometer, akin to top–down products. We applied this approach to determine the kinetic profile of proteasome degradation and compare the real-time activity of proteasomes isolated from different mouse organs, uncovering distinct functionalities of the complex. Overall, this method offers a valuable tool for studying peptide degradation products across various proteasome configurations, while also enabling the investigation of how interacting proteins, inhibitors, and activators influence proteasome activity. Furthermore, its adaptability makes it applicable to a wide range of other proteolytic complexes, broadening its potential impact in the field.
Gene duplication captures morph-specific promoter usage in the evolution of aphid wing dimorphisms
Authors: Saleh Ziabari Omid , Liu Fangzhou , Deem Kevin D. , Liu Xiaomi , Kholwadwala Akhil , Brisson Jennifer A.
Published: February 2025

Understanding how morphology evolves requires identifying the types of mutations that contribute to changes in development. We integrated comparative genomics and transcriptomics to reconstruct the evolution and regulation of
follistatin
paralogs in relation to the evolution of aphid winged and wingless morphs. We find that different pea aphid
follistatin
duplicates play an essential molecular role in both the male and female wing dimorphisms, linking the genetic and environmental control of morph determination in each sex, respectively. We also find that an ancestral
follistatin
gene likely had multiple promoters and that the
follistatin
duplicates that evolved wingless-specific expression retained only the ancestral wingless-specific promoter. Our work provides a roadmap for how alternative promoter usage and subsequent gene duplication can enable the evolution of animal form.
PSKH1 kinase activity is differentially modulated via allosteric binding of Ca
2+
sensor proteins
Authors: Horne Christopher R. , Dite Toby A. , Young Samuel N. , Mather Lucy J. , Dagley Laura F. , Johnson Jared L. , Yaron-Barir Tomer M. , Huntsman Emily M. , Daly Leonard A. , Byrne Dominic P. , Cadell Antonia L. , Ng Boaz H. , Yousef Jumana , Multari Dylan H. , Shen Lianju , McAloon Luke M. , Manning Gerard , Febbraio Mark A. , Means Anthony R. , Cantley Lewis C. , Tanzer Maria C. , Croucher David R. , Eyers Claire E. , Eyers Patrick A. , Scott John W. , Murphy James M.
Published: February 2025

Protein Serine Kinase H1 (PSKH1) was recently identified as a crucial factor in kidney development and is overexpressed in prostate, lung, and kidney cancers. However, little is known about PSKH1 regulatory mechanisms, leading to its classification as a “dark” kinase. Here, we used biochemistry and mass spectrometry to define PSKH1’s consensus substrate motif, protein interactors, and how interactors, including Ca
2+
sensor proteins, promote or suppress activity. Intriguingly, despite the absence of a canonical Calmodulin binding motif, Ca
2+
-Calmodulin activated PSKH1 while, in contrast, the ER-resident Ca
2+
sensor of the Cab45, Reticulocalbin, Erc55, Calumenin (CREC) family, Reticulocalbin-3, suppressed PSKH1 catalytic activity. In addition to antagonistic regulation of the PSKH1 kinase domain by Ca
2+
sensing proteins, we identified UNC119B as a protein interactor that activates PSKH1 via direct engagement of the kinase domain. Our findings identify complementary allosteric mechanisms by which regulatory proteins tune PSKH1’s catalytic activity and raise the possibility that different Ca
2+
sensors may act more broadly to tune kinase activities by detecting and decoding extremes of intracellular Ca
2+
concentrations.
pH-dependent dissociation from CTLA-4 in early endosomes improves both safety and antitumor activity of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies
Authors: Zhang Meiyu , Li Jinmei , Yan Kepeng , Zhou Haoyue , Mei Song , Wang Benyu , Li Dongyang , Du Xuexiang , Liu Mingyue , Zhang Peng , Fields James K. , Ye Lei , Zheng Pan , Liu Yang , Lenardo Michael J. , Zhang Yan
Published: February 2025

Anti-CTLA-4 Abs (ACAs) are a breakthrough for cancer therapy, but their potential is limited by immunotherapy-related adverse events (irAE). We previously reported that ACAs with acidic pH-sensitive binding to CTLA-4 exhibit higher antitumor activity with fewer irAE. We now test a panel of variants of Ipilimumab (Ipi), the first ACA cancer therapeutic, for tumoricidal efficacy and irAE. Surprisingly, not all pH-sensitive Ipi variants exhibited an enhanced therapeutic index. Ipi13, which retained binding to CTLA-4 at pH 6.0 but dissociated at lower pH, showed no enhancement. By contrast, Ipi25, which dissociates from CTLA-4 at pH 6.0, the pH of the early endosome (EE), showed greater tumor regression and less severe irAE. Confocal microscopy showed that Ipi13 maintained colocalization with CTLA-4 at the late endosomes (LE) and lysosomes resulting in lysosomal degradation of CTLA-4. Conversely, Ipi25 did not colocalize with CTLA-4 in LE or lysosomes after endocytosis but allowed both proteins to transfer to recycling endosomes. EE dissociation was also characteristic of variants of Tremelimumab (Treme), another clinical ACA, that showed better efficacy and fewer side effects. Thus, our data reveal the significance of early intracellular dissociation from CTLA-4 to improve ACAs for safer and more effective cancer immunotherapy.
Accuracy and Stability study of two-way time transfer in Cis-lunar space
Authors: Liu Tong , Qin Cheng-Gang , Pu Jing-Hui , Yang Yongzhang , Wang Wenbin
Published: February 2025

The realization of clock synchronization and syntonization via inter-satellite link is of vital importance for navigation, space-based VLBI experiments and precision tests of fundamental physics. We study the accuracy and stability of time and frequency transfer via inter-satellite link in cis-lunar space. A relativistic time transfer model using microwave dual one-way ranging is developed. Taking the DRO-LEO inter-satellite link as an instance, sub-nanoseconds level accuracy is achieved. We analyze the error in orbit determination of LEO satellite and DRO satellite. With the models of relative velocity correction, relativistic frequency shift and Shapiro delay, the stability of time transfer is studied. The result shows the DOWR microwave link would support clock synchronization with a time stability of better than 14.2ps over 1000s, better than 100.1ps over one day, with the accuracy constraints on the orbit determination of the LEO satellite 10cm and DRO satellite 50m in position. If the longer time stability of hardware delay reaches ps level, the performance of DOWR time transfer link can be further improved to support the distribution of the time-frequency scale established by an active hydrogen maser with a frequency stability of 2×10-15 over one day.We estimated that high-performance DRO-LEO time and frequency comparisons may support the gravitational redshift tests at a 10−6 level and the space-based VLBI experiments to improve the orbit determination of deep-space probes by one to two orders of magnitude.
Influence of gender on secondary school physics students’ learning difficulties in electricity
Authors: Adeduyigbe Adeniyi Michael , Ukoh Edidiong E , Okeke Uchenna Kingsley
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the influence of gender on learning difficulties in electricity among senior secondary school physics students in Ondo State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study, and data were collected from 300 students and 30 physics teachers across selected schools via the simple electric circuit diagnostic test and the teacher survey on gender differences in learning electricity. The analysis utilized both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicate that a significant proportion of the students experienced difficulties with various electricity concepts, with notable gender differences in reported difficulties. Furthermore, these identified gender differences in learning difficulties and confidence levels significantly impacted academic performance in electricity concepts. The study concludes with recommendations for implementing targeted instructional strategies, enhancing confidence-building activities, promoting collaborative learning environments, and providing professional development for teachers. These measures aim to create a more inclusive and effective learning environment that addresses learning difficulties in electricity.
Silent physics animation tasks for learner narration
Authors: Harksen Bjarki , Harksen Matthias
Published: February 2025

We introduce silent video tasks for physics education by providing a practical definition of silent physics animation tasks. The original idea of working with silent video tasks is grounded in social constructivist theories and involves students adding their narration to a ready-made silent animation video. We provide a collection of silent physics animation videos created with Manim and explain their content. We examine and reflect on the results of a pilot-study where we analysed the word-frequency of student narrations.
Interactive method for measuring the thermal conductivity coefficient of metals using the LabVIEW platform
Authors: Budinská Zuzana , Svoboda Šimon
Published: February 2025

The aim of this work is to design a user-friendly, illustrative, but also sufficiently accurate experimental setup for the measurement and data analysis, specifically for the determination of the thermal conductivity coefficient of a metal sample. The comparative method was chosen for the measurements, the reference sample was made of aluminium and the measured samples were made of steel and bronze. The measurement data evaluation is performed using LabVIEW software. The results correspond to the tabulated values for these materials, the deviations are less than 1.5%. In addition, a thermal camera can be used in the experiment, which makes the measurement even more illustrative. This method can be used, for example, in teaching in physics laboratories in high schools and technical universities.
Primordial black hole hot spots and out-of-equilibrium dynamics
Authors: Gunn Jacob , Heurtier Lucien , Perez-Gonzalez Yuber F. , Turner Jessica
Published: February 2025

When light primordial black holes (PBHs) evaporate in the early Universe, they locally reheat the surrounding plasma, creating hot spots with temperatures that can be significantly higher than the average plasma temperature.
In this work, we provide a general framework for calculating the probability that a particle interacting with the Standard Model can escape the hot spot. More specifically, we consider how these hot spots influence the generation of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) in leptogenesis scenarios, as well as the production of dark matter (DM). For leptogenesis, we find that PBH-produced right-handed neutrinos can contribute to the BAU even if the temperature of the Universe is below the electroweak phase transition temperature, since sphaleron processes may still be active within the hot spot. For DM, particles emitted by PBHs may thermalise with the heated plasma within the hot spot, effectively preventing them from contributing to the observed relic abundance. Our work highlights the importance of including hot spots in the interplay of PBHs and early Universe observables.
Erratum and Addendum：Analytical formula for the cross section of hadron production from $\elp\elm$ collisions around the narrow charmouinum resonances (Chin. Phys. C, 48(11): 113104 (2024))
Authors: Wang Yadi
Published: February 2025

no abstract
An analysis of the longitudinal structure function at next-to-leading orderapproximation at small-$x$
Authors: Boroun G.R. , Cai Yanbing
Published: February 2025

The longitudinal structure function is considered at thenext-to-leading order approximation using the expansion method, asdefined by M.B.Gay Ducati and P.B.Goncalves [Phys.Lett.B {\bf390},401 (1997)] and further developed by Jingxuan Chen et al.,[Chin.Phys.C {\bf48}, 063104 (2024)]. This method provides resultsfor a wide range of $x$ and $Q^2$ values. It is observed thatthe behavior of the longitudinal structure function depends onthe fractional momentum carried by gluons at low $x$. Theextracted longitudinal structure functions $F_{L}(x,Q^2)$ are inline with data from the H1 Collaboration [V. Andreev et al. (H1Collaboration),Eur. Phys. J. C 74, 2814 (2014)] and the CT18 parametrization method [T.-J. Hou et al., Phys. Rev. D 103, 014013 (2021)]. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.
Techno Study of “Waste to Electric” with Woodchip Pellet Feedstock Through Multi-Stage Gasification in Dual Fuel Diesel Engine
Authors: Hasanuddin  , Bambang S , Toriki M B
Published: February 2025

The increasing demand for energy in various sectors means that energy sources can no longer depend on fossil energy sources, the number of which is decreasing. The decline in fossil energy supply has increased the development of environmentally friendly renewable energy sources, such as biomass. The biomass raw material used is woodchips which has the characteristics of water content 8.4%, volatile solid 74.19%, ash content 1.34%, carbon content 16.07%, hydrogen content 0.0479%, nitrogen 0.4372%, carbon monoxide 0.1701%, methane 0.049%, oxygen 0.1622% and a heating value of 3,907 Kcal/kg. Processing biomass into syngas is carried out through a gasification process. Gasification is the process of converting woodchips into syngas in the form of a gas phase using a three-stage gasification method. Furthermore, the syngas is used as fuel in a dual-fuel diesel engine combined with biodiesel fuel. In this research, a 5 kW diesel engine was used as an experimental tool to determine the performance produced by a dual-fuel diesel engine when dual fuel is injected, namely biodiesel and syngas. The gasifier used in the gasification process of woodchips biomass raw materials has the best water ratio characteristics between the pyrolysis, oxidation and reduction zones, namely 1:7:2. The results of tests that have been carried out with an air ratio setting of 1:7:2 can produce the best diesel engine performance with a stable engine speed value of 3000 rpm and the average voltage at each change in load is 250 volts. Load variations for dual-fuel diesel engine testing are carried out from a load of 0 watts to a load of 4,500 watts. With an increase of every 500 watts. The syngas injection method from the gasifier into the combustion chamber uses 1 variation value, namely full opening (100%). Testing with 100% syngas valve opening resulted in higher average values of engine temperature, exhaust gas temperature and oil temperature compared to other openings. Apart from that, the test results of a 5000-watt engine with dual fuel mode (biodiesel and syngas) were scaled up when applied to the Kolaka PLTD engine which has a capacity of 529 kW. From the calculation results, the value of the savings for using diesel fuel on a 529 kW PLTD engine is Rp. 225,900,975 per month. The initial investment cost is IDR. 1,279,068,380. Meanwhile, the annual income is Rp. 2,445,374,002 assuming Capacity Factor (CF 70%). So the Break Event Point (BEP) value is less than 2 years. Apart from that, a decrease in decarbonization value was also produced by utilizing syngas from woodchip biomass as fuel in a dual-fuel engine with a capacity of 529 kW, resulting in 21.25 tonnes of CO2/year or Rp. 637,431.2
Analysis and Design of Floating PV Systems in Several Batam Reservoirs for Optimizing the Renewable Energy Mix
Authors: Octario B , Dwiyantoro B A
Published: February 2025

The climate crisis caused by the use of fossil fuels is prompting countries around the world to shift to renewable energy. Indonesia has substantial solar energy potential, but this must be balanced with land conservation efforts. The floating PV system is an alternative solution to this problem. This study aims to design a floating solar power generation system at Tembesi and Mukakuning Reservoirs in Batam, focusing on solar energy potential, energy production, and system design. The results indicate that solar irradiation at both locations reaches 1,650 kWh/m2/year with an average horizontal PSH of 4.52 hours/day and net PSH Modules of 4.32 hours/day. Energy production in Year-1 is 55.83 GWh with a performance ratio of 81.65%, resulting in annual energy production of 1,345 kWh/kWp. The floating PV system design at Tembesi and Mukakuning Reservoirs consists of 10 islands, each with 19 array boxes and 20 strings per array box, comprising 28 PV modules per string. A total of 106,400 PV modules with a capacity of 390 Wp each is utilized. The system employs 3,125 kVA PV inverters, 7,500 kVA MV transformers, and 35 MVA HV transformers to ensure high efficiency and reliability. The system design also considers environmental durability, including resistance to corrosion and water level fluctuations. Recommendations include optimizing the design based on seasonal variations and implementing effective monitoring and maintenance systems.
Efficiency of Eggshell Waste as a Metal Corrosion Inhibitor SS316L Based on Green Technology in Seawater Media
Authors: Alfattah M , Arwati I G A , Arramel  , Afkauni A A , Yofatama R M
Published: February 2025

Utilizing eco-friendly inhibitors offers an effective approach to combat pipe corrosion, as focus has increasingly turned towards options that are cost-effective, environmentally benign. The research investigates the application of waste from domestic chicken eggshells as a corrosion inhibitor. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness, morphology, and chemical properties of 316L stainless steel when treated with these eggshell-based inhibitors. The study employed several techniques, including EPD coating, potentiodynamic polarization, SEM, and Raman spectroscopy in seawater. The findings indicated that the lowest corrosion rate was observed in specimens treated with a 14g inhibitor concentration, with an average rate of 6.24883×10−4 mmpy with the efficiency 96.09%. Analysis SEM revealed that the sample without any inhibitors exhibited numerous small cavities on its surface. In contrast, the sample with a 14g inhibitor concentration showed a reduction in these cavities and a darker surface appearance due to the presence of a layer of adsorbed eggshell powder. Raman spectroscopy of the samples treated with 14 grams of eggshell powder, the final product of corrosion has disappeared, but there is still a α-FeOOH feature and its intensity is greatly reduced. drastic. This signifies that the use of an eggshell coating has effectively prevented corrosion.
Experimental study and performance analysis of direct coupled solar vapor compression refrigeration system
Authors: Setiawan R R , Ambarita H , Sitorus T B , Sihombing H V , Malau R H
Published: February 2025

The solar powered vapor compression refrigeration system with or without load was experimentally studied and analyzed. The results showed that the refrigeration system can work normally with a DC compressor working time of 8 hours, the refrigeration system can reach a temperature of -6.9°C and 2.9°C respectively at no-load and with-load conditions. The COP obtained was 3.094 and 2.786 respectively at no-load and with-load conditions. The average efficiency of the photovoltaic solar panel is known to be 10.94% and 10.69% respectively at no-load and with-load conditions. The results of the sizing calculation for the refrigeration system without a cooling load required a 150Wp photovoltaic solar panel, a 12V 42Ah battery and a 20A solar charge controller. While when the refrigeration system works with a load, a 200Wp photovoltaic solar panel, a 12V 50Ah battery and a 20A solar charge controller are required.
Synthesis and characterization of zirconium alloy by spark plasma sintering (SPS)
Authors: Desiati R D , Hermanto B , Afghani F A , Suharno B , Mochtar M A , Sudiro T
Published: February 2025

Zirconium alloys are widely applied as nuclear fuel cladding materials due to its excellent neutron transparency. However, a major challenge in developing this material is the strong affinity of Zirconium to Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen. Therefore, precise techniques and processing parameters are essential for fabricating this alloy. In this study, Zr-alloy according to the Zircaloy-4 composition has been synthesized using a Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). For this purpose, we used the commercially available Zr powder with alloying materials such as Sn, Cr, and Fe. The powders were mixed and wet milled using a shaker mill for 30 minutes and dried to evaporate a process control agent. The mixture powder was then consolidated using a SPS method under vacuum conditions at a sintering temperature of 900 °C with a heating rate of 50 °C/min and a holding time of 5 min. XRD and SEM-EDS were applied to investigate the phase composition, microstructure, and elemental analysis of the powder and sintered alloy. In addition, the density and hardness of the sintered Zr-alloy were also evaluated. The results show that the high density of Zr-alloy (6.59 g/cm3) with a hardness of about 566.05 HV is successfully synthesized using a SPS technique. The alloy comprises α-Zr and ZrH2 with fractions of 88.1% and 11.9%, respectively. A comprehensive analysis of the results will be presented and discussed in the forthcoming paper.
Evaluation of HDPE plastic waste as a coarse aggregate substitute in Hot Rolled Sheet-Wearing Course asphalt mixtures
Authors: Desriantomy D , Siantoni J , Murniati M
Published: February 2025

Plastic-based goods are commonly used in daily life, but their waste poses significant environmental challenges due to its durability. This study investigates the use of recycled plastic as an artificial coarse aggregate in asphalt mixtures, specifically assessing the effects of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) on Hot Rolled Sheet Wearing Course (HRS-WC) mixtures. The objectives are to evaluate the physical properties of the artificial coarse aggregates, identify the optimal asphalt content and Marshall characteristics, and determine the maximum feasible substitution level for these aggregates. A test specimen (briquette) was produced for the Marshall test to assess the mixture properties. Our findings indicate that the maximum allowable substitution of HDPE plastic in HRS-WC mixtures is 42%. With an optimal asphalt content of 7.30%, HDPE substitution levels of 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50% yielded the highest stability at 45% (1176.696 kg), the highest VMA at 30% (21.250%), and the highest VIM within specifications at 30% (4.998%). The highest VFB value was observed at 45% (88.767%), while the highest Marshall Quotient was at 30% (364.527 kg/mm). The study recommends a maximum HDPE plastic waste substitution level of 40%, highlighting the potential for using HDPE plastic waste in asphalt mixtures to promote more sustainable construction practices.
Effect of ring baffles in simulated flue gas denitrification via NH3-SCR in fluidized bed reactor: A CFD approach
Authors: Rosales B R , Mendoza J A
Published: February 2025

An unsteady Eulerian-Eulerian CFD model was employed in ANSYS FLUENT 19.2 to assess the impact of ring baffles on the hydrodynamics and NO removal efficiency in a fluidized bed reactor using the NH3-SCR process and CuO/ɤ-Al2O3 as catalyst. Initial simulations of the baffle-free (FFB) reactor were validated against experimental data focusing on bubble diameter and NO removal efficiency. Kinetic parameters were adjusted following mesh optimization to align with the experimental findings. Subsequently, simulations were conducted on baffled (BFB) reactors. The introduction of ring baffles markedly improved NO removal efficiency under identical operating conditions as the FFB. Notably, at 573.15 K, baffle configurations D7, T3, and T6 achieved removal efficiencies of 92.40%, 92.19%, and 92.36%, respectively. Even at a lower temperature of 523.15 K, these setups maintained high efficiencies indicating that baffled reactors could replicate FFB performance at reduced temperatures. The study highlights that ring baffles increase solid holdup and radial gas velocity, particularly beneath the baffles, fostering improved gas-solid interactions. Furthermore, the granular temperature was significantly enhanced by the presence of baffles.
Lightweight rotating machinery fault diagnosis based on quadratic convolutional neural network and evidence fusion of multi-source sensor information
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Han Wenkang , Zhang Hao , Zeng Liang
Published: February 2025

Rotating machinery is the core component of various modern equipment. Timely and accurate fault detection is of great significance to ensure the safe operation of mechanical equipment and the stability of production efficiency. Deep learning-based methods have triggered a boom in the field of machinery fault diagnosis. However, due to factors such as noise interference in industrial applications, an increase in accuracy is often accompanied by an increase in computational cost, leading to difficulties in deploying the model in engineering applications. In order to find a balance between robustness and complexity, this paper proposes a lightweight intelligent fault diagnosis framework called (QSMC-EFN). Firstly, a new nonlinear quadratic neural network is used to extract features initially and then combined with a multiscale separable convolutional block to extract multiscale features of the vibration signal. Different features from multiple scales are subsequently fused using a statistical Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory of evidence, fed into a lightweight feature extraction layer consisting of multi-scale separated convolution and broadcast attention mechanisms to gain further the ability to extract more critical features. Through experiments on the planetary gearbox and variable speed bearing datasets, it is verified that the proposed fault diagnosis system ensures effectiveness while also achieving a lightweight model.
Non-magnetic glass-fiber cryostat for MADMAX prototype tests
Authors: Kreikemeyer-Lorenzo D. , Koettig T. , Borges de Sousa P. , Gooch C. , Kittlinger D. , Majorovits B. , Maldonado J.P.A. , Pralavorio P.
Published: February 2025

MADMAX, an axion dark matter search experiment, is currently
in the prototype testing phase. Its working principle is based on
the conversion of axions in a magnetic field into photons. This
signal is then enhanced by a booster made of dielectric disks placed
in front of a mirror. In order to test MADMAX prototypes at
cryogenic temperatures in a magnetic field parallel to the disks, a
new G-10 glass-fiber cryostat of 0.06,m3 inner volume was
designed, tested and used in a CERN magnet. The design allows to
minimise cost as well as cooling down and warming up times. Using
continuous circulation flow of gaseous helium, the MADMAX prototype
was cooled down reproducibly to temperatures below 10 K for more
than 24 hours. This procedure allowed, for the first time, to
perform a calibration of the booster response and to run a dark
matter axion search in a magnetic field at low temperatures. This
novel type of cryostat, with a low manufacturing cost, fast and easy
to operate, could be used for other purposes beyond MADMAX.
Vortex lattices and critical ﬁelds in anisotropic superconductors
Authors: Speight Martin , Winyard Thomas
Published: February 2025

A method is developed to compute minimal energy vortex lattices in a general Ginzburg-Landau model of a superconductor subjected to an applied magnetic field. The model may have any number of components and may be spatially anisotropic. The novelty of this method is that it makes no assumptions about the orientation of the vortex lines or the period vectors of the lattice's unit cell: these are all determined dynamically. Methods to compute the first and second critical magnetic fields, $H_{c_1}$ and $H_{c_2}$, in this class of models are also developed.These methods are applied to a simple anisotropic single-component model, and to an anisotropic two-component model of strong current theoretical interest (a so-called $s+id$ model). It is found, in both cases, that at low applied field the vortex lines can tilt very significantly away from the direction of the applied field (by as much as $40^\circ$ for the single-component and $30^\circ$ for the $s+id$ model). The optimal lattice in the $s+id$ model is qualitatively very different from the conventional triangular Abrikosov lattice, exhibiting a phase transition from a system of Skyrmion chains when the external field is orthogonal to the basal plane to a deformed Abrikosov lattice when applied in the basal plane.
Study of the Genetic Diversity in an Effort to Protect the Genus Dacrydium Lamb. In Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Maimunah Siti , Kessler Paul J.A. , Indrioko Sapto , Naiem Muhammad , Samek J.H.
Published: February 2025

The tropical coniferous genus Dacrydium is widespread in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Four species can still be found in Borneo. Locally known as Alau, this genus thrives in a range of habitats from heath to deep-peat forests especially in Central Kalimantan. This genus is currently threatened by logging, fires and forest conversion forto other uses. The objectives of this study wereas to unravel the genetic diversity of Dacrydium in the study area which is a large unified diverse landscape. Our research was conducted in heath forests located within PT Taiyoung Engreen logging company area in the Gunung Mas District, and PT Dasa Intiga in the Kapuas District and in deep-peat swamp forest located in Sebangau National Park in the Palangkaraya District. The four species that are suspected to exist in Kalimantan, namely Dacrydium beccarii Parl., Dacrydium pectinatum de Laub., Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.)Wall. ex Hook. and Dacrydium xanthandrum Pilg. were met in various abundances. Genetic data were tested by isoenzyme analysis with 20 samples of each species of D. beccarii and D. pectinatum from each site. The results showed that D. beccarii and D. pectinatum have a large number of missing alleles, rare alleles, and individual alleles, which are found in different species in the three research sites, all show their own genetic peculiarities. That makes it necessary to develop a strategy to protect the genus Alau quite locally, especially D. pectinatum is of high concern as it is quite threatened. Genetic diversity values of D. beccarii and D. pectinatum have genetic diversity in population 0.478 and 0,447, interpopulation diversity 0.208 and 0,253, roportion of genetic diversity between populations to total genetic diversity 0.289 and 0,350 with fixation index values (-0.021) and 0,187 (≈0) it has a tendency to random mating. Itis necessary to implement a strategy for saving Dacrydium. This can be implemented from our research site. Actions will include the translocating of individual seedlings between research sites where each has a private allele with different advantages to be planted in all original habitat to increase genetic variation, and establish demonstration plots to safeguard genetic variation and diversity, and additionally carry out genetic enrichment planting, especially for D pectinatum.
Cultural Identity of Roko Molas Poco Ceremony as Respect for the Forest from Manggarai People, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Naingalis R , Purnami W , Prabowo H , Dewi M P. , Prakosa W
Published: February 2025

This study explores the cultural identity of the Roko Molas Poco ceremony among the Manggarai people of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The ceremony, centered around harvesting a special tree for the main pillar (siri bongkok) of their traditional drum house (mbaru gendang), symbolizes the community’s deep connection to the forest as a life-giver and protector. The research examines how this ritual reinforces cultural values, promotes environmental conservation, and strengthens the psychological bond between the Manggarai people and their natural surroundings. An ethnographic approach was employed, focusing on participant observation of the Roko Molas Poco ceremony. By analyzing the symbolism and practices involved in Roko Molas Poco, the study highlights the interplay between cultural identity, traditional wisdom, and forest preservation in Manggarai society.
Harmonizing Urban Life with Natural Ecosystems in New Nusantara Capital City Through Biodiversity Sensitive Urban Design (BSUD)
Authors: Kurniawan A , Hazmi A F A , Nolasari A B , Wiranti A , Abidzar F , Toyyibah W , Saragih V C , Dahlan M Z
Published: February 2025

Borneo Island, particularly East Borneo, is known for its rich biodiversity, including endemic species such as the Proboscis Monkey, Rhinoceros Hornbill, and Engkabang tree. However, the extensive urbanization driven by the new Nusantara Capital City (IKN) development potentially poses future threats to the existing rich biodiversity. Although a biodiversity management plan has been conducted, specific studies involving urban design are crucial to ensure that development effectively addresses biodiversity concerns. Accordingly, this research aims to formulate strategies for harmonizing biodiversity into urban life using the biodiversity-sensitive urban design (BSUD) approach in the context of IKN. The methodology uses a biodiversity analysis that begins by identifying target species and analyzing their ecosystem services, characteristics, and habitat requirements. Furthermore, spatial mapping analysis is used to delineate habitat areas vulnerable to the urban development of IKN precincts. Subsequently, the findings inform the formulation of ecology-oriented urban design solutions for IKN, drawing upon established theoretical frameworks and exemplar practices. The result of this research is an urban design strategy for conserving the rich biodiversity and ecology suitable for integration into the urban fabric of IKN through using BSUD methodologies. Ultimately, this study will provide valuable insights to urban actors and IKN stakeholders by contributing academic input to Nusantara’s biodiversity management master plan and act as an effort to mitigate ecological damage due to the development of new cities.