bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in Emergent Literacy and Reading Behaviour in Junior Kindergarten
Authors: Deasley Shanna , Evans Mary Ann , Nowak Sarah , Willoughby David
Published: April 2016

In a sample of 128 Canadian junior kindergarten children (66 boys), we examined sex differences in emergent literacy and behaviour when listening to and interacting with books of four types: alphabet books with simple text and illustrations, traditional alphabet books with complex text and illustrations, alphabet eBooks, and illustrated storybooks. Girls outperformed boys on tests of emergent literacy. Engagement while listening to books being read was highest for storybooks but there was a sex by condition effect: Boys were less engaged with complex alphabet books than the other book types, whereas girls were less engaged with simple alphabet books than storybooks. During independent reading, both sexes spent significantly more time on-task in the eBook condition but less of their activity involved letter-related behaviours (e.g., saying letter names). Boys spent less time involved in letter-related behaviour than girls. This research contributes to identifying and promoting factors related to early academic success.
On the Lived Experience of Sex Offenders’ Therapists: Their Perceptions of Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Consequences and Patterns of Coping
Authors: Elias Haneen , Haj-Yahia Muhammad M.
Published: April 2016

In the last two decades, there has been a growing understanding that the therapeutic encounter with sex offenders takes a cost and has consequences on therapists. Despite the increasing research on the consequences of treating sex offenders, these studies in fact, have merely described the consequences, without providing an outlook for how therapists cope with them. The study presented in this article was part of a larger qualitative research project conducted among social workers, using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Emphasis is placed on therapists’ perceptions of the intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences they experience from treating sex offenders, as well as the strategies they use to cope with these consequences. The study’s central findings concern the therapists’ perception of the intrapersonal consequences, which included two levels: primary responses and cumulative responses, and their perception of the interpersonal consequences that included their parenting relationships, intimate relationships, their attitude toward others (strangers and acquaintances), loss of their quality of life, and further positive consequences. The findings indicated a sequence and integrated use of the strategies to cope with the consequences. The results are discussed in light of the theoretical framework of Lazarus and Folkman’s stress and coping theory. The limitations of the study as well as its implications for future research are discussed.
Ambient temperature and FIT performance in the Emilia-Romagna colorectal cancer screening programme
Authors: De Girolamo Gianfranco , Goldoni Carlo A , Corradini Rossella , Giuliani Orietta , Falcini Fabio , Sassoli De’Bianchi Priscilla , Naldoni Carlo , Zauli Sajani Stefano
Published: April 2016

Objective

To assess the impact of ambient temperature on faecal immunochemical test (FIT) performance in the colorectal cancer screening programme of Emilia-Romagna (Italy).

Methods

A population-based retrospective cohort study on data from 2005 to 2011. Positive rate, detection rate, and positive predictive value rate for cancers and adenomas, and incidence rate of interval cancers after negative tests were analysed using Poisson regression models. In addition to ambient temperature, gender, age, screening history, and Local Health Unit were also considered.

Results

In 1,521,819 tests analysed, the probability of a positive result decreased linearly with increasing temperature. Point estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals were estimated for six temperature classes (<5, 5 |−10, 10 |−15, 15 |−20, 20|−25 and ≥25℃), and referred to the 5|-10℃ class. The positive rate ratio was significantly related to temperature increase: 0.99 (0.97–1.02), 1, 0.98 (0.96–1.00), 0.96 (0.94–0.99), 0.93 (0.91–0.96), 0.92 (0.89–0.95). A linear trend was also evident for advanced adenoma detection rate ratio: 1.00 (0.96–1.04), 1, 0.98 (0.93–1.02), 0.96 (0.92–1.00), 0.92 (0.88–0.96), 0.94 (0.88–1.01). The effect was less linear, but still important, for cancer detection rates: 0.95 (0.85–1.06), 1, 1.00 (0.90–1.10), 0.94 (0.85–1.05), 0.81 (0.72–0.92), 0.93 (0.80–1.09). No association or linear trend was found for positive predictive values or risk of interval cancer, despite an excess of +16% in the highest temperature class for interval cancer.

Conclusions

Ambient temperatures can affect screening performance. Continued monitoring is needed to verify the effect of introducing FIT tubes with a new buffer, which should guarantee a higher stability of haemoglobin.
The Questionnaire as Conversation
Authors: Moroney William F. , Cameron Joyce
Published: April 2016

Quality questionnaires are not just written; they are designed, and few HF/E professionals have education or training in this area. Questionnaires are considered tools for collecting data regarding the topic of interest. We hope to nudge questionnaire designers to be more attentive to their conversation with respondents. Specifically, questionnaire designers need to consider the respondent’s mental model and shape the mental model so that all respondents share a common perception of the task and understand what is asked of them. Incorporating perceived affordances and Web-based cultural conventions into questionnaires will reduce respondent burden and reward researchers with usable information.
The Association of Lifestyle Factors and ADHD in Children
Authors: Holton Kathleen F. , Nigg Joel T.
Published: April 2016

Objective: The objective of the study is to examine whether children aged 7 to 11 years with very well-characterized ADHD, recruited from the community, have a similar number of healthy lifestyle behaviors as compared with typically developing children from the same community. Method: Parents of children with ( n = 184) and without ( n = 104) ADHD completed a lifestyle questionnaire asking about water intake, sweetened beverage consumption, multivitamin/supplement use, reading, screen time, physical activity, and sleep. A lifestyle index was formed from these seven domains (0-7), and multivariable ordered logistic regression was used to examine the association of ADHD status and total healthy lifestyle behaviors. Results: Children with ADHD were almost twice as likely to have fewer healthy behaviors, even after adjustment for age, sex, intelligence quotient (IQ), ADHD medication use, household income, and four comorbid psychiatric disorders (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval] = 1.95 [1.16, 3.30], p = .01). Conclusion: Future research is needed to assess the effects of a combined lifestyle intervention in this group.
Where are the dedicated scholars of management learning and education?
Authors: Arbaugh JB
Published: April 2016

The vibrancy of a field is predicated on the attraction and sustained efforts of increasing numbers of dedicated scholars. However, in management education research, historically this level of dedicated research appears to have been entrusted to a hearty relative few. In this essay, I examine some commonly presented objections to focusing one’s research attention on issues of the scholarship of teaching and learning in the management realm. Then, I present counterarguments that, although at one time may have been legitimate concerns, increasingly are unfounded. I transition to arguing that some scholars having a dedicated emphasis on management education research is a good, and perhaps even necessary, thing as management education becomes more global. I conclude my discussion by noting pressing opportunities and need areas for further accelerating the development of new management education scholars.
Full-scale resistance prediction in finite waters: A study using computational fluid dynamics simulations, model test experiments and sea trial measurements
Authors: Haase Max , Davidson Gary , Binns Jonathan , Thomas Giles , Bose Neil
Published: April 2016

The development of large medium-speed catamarans aims increasing economic viability and reducing the possible negative influence on the environment of fast sea transportation. These vessels are likely to operate at hump speed where wave-making can be the dominating component of the total resistance. Shallow water may considerably amplify the wave-making and hence the overall drag force. Computational fluid dynamics is used to predict the drag force of medium-speed catamarans at model and full scale in infinite and restricted water to study the impact on the resistance. Steady and unsteady shallow-water effects that occur in model testing or full-scale operation are taken into account using computational fluid dynamics as they are inherently included in the mathematical formulations. Unsteady effects in the ship-model response were recorded in model test experiments, computational fluid dynamics simulations and full-scale measurements and found to agree with each other. For a medium-speed catamaran in water that is restricted in width and depth, it was found that computational fluid dynamics is capable of accurately predicting the drag with a maximum deviation of no more than 6% when compared to experimental results in model scale. The influences of restricted depth and width were studied using computational fluid dynamics where steady finite width effects in shallow water and finite depth effects at finite width were quantified. Full-scale drag from computational fluid dynamics predictions in shallow water ( h/L = 0.12 – 0.17) was found to be between full-scale measurements and extrapolated model test results. Finally, it is shown that current extrapolation procedures for shallow-water model tests over-estimate residuary resistance by up to 12% and underestimate frictional forces by up to 35% when compared to validated computational fluid dynamics results. This study concludes that computational fluid dynamics is a versatile tool to predict the full-scale ship resistance to a more accurate extent than extrapolation model test data and can also be utilised to estimate model sizes that keep finite-water effects to an agreed minimum.
Experimental investigation on the added resistance of modified KVLCC2 hull forms with different bow shapes
Authors: Lee Jaehoon , Park Dong-Min , Kim Yonghwan
Published: April 2016

The effect of different bow shapes on the added resistance in waves was observed through a series of model tests. To this end, three different hull forms of KRISO Very Large Crude Carrier 2 were considered: an original hull form and two modified hulls with different bow shapes, called ax-bow and leadge-bow. The model tests were conducted for a wide range of wavelengths with two wave amplitudes in a regular head-sea condition at the design speed. Each test condition was imposed at least twice in order to check the repeatability of measurement, considering the uncertainties in model test and the nonlinear nature of the added resistance. This article introduces a preliminary study on the effects of surge motion, amplitude of incident wave, and green-water allowance around bow region. This article briefly includes the uncertainty analysis of recent study regarding the performance of the original hull. Based on the results of the experimental study for three different bow shapes, the parameters which influence the added resistance and motion responses are discussed.
Generating freedom: Questions of flexibility in digital design and architectural computation
Authors: Chaszar Andre , Joyce Sam Conrad
Published: April 2016

Generative processes and generative design approaches are topics of continuing interest and debate within the realms of architectural design and related fields. While they are often held up as giving designers the opportunity (the freedom) to explore far greater numbers of options/alternatives than would otherwise be possible, questions also arise regarding the limitations of such approaches on the design spaces explored, in comparison with more conventional, human-centric design processes. This article addresses the controversy with a specific focus on parametric-associative modelling and genetic programming methods of generative design. These represent two established contenders within the pool of procedural design approaches gaining increasingly wide acceptance in architectural computational research, education and practice. The two methods are compared and contrasted to highlight important differences in freedoms and limitations they afford, with respect to each other and to ‘manual’ design. We conclude that these methods may be combined with an appropriate balance of automation and human intervention to obtain ‘optimal’ design freedom, and we suggest steps towards finding that balance.
How Many Focus Groups Are Enough? Building an Evidence Base for Nonprobability Sample Sizes
Authors: Guest Greg , Namey Emily , McKenna Kevin
Published: April 2016

Few empirical studies exist to guide researchers in determining the number of focus groups necessary for a research study. The analyses described here provide foundational evidence to help researchers in this regard. We conducted a thematic analysis of 40 focus groups on health-seeking behaviors of African American men in Durham, North Carolina. Our analyses revealed that more than 80% of all themes were discoverable within two to three focus groups, and 90% were discoverable within three to six focus groups. Three focus groups were also enough to identify all of the most prevalent themes within the data set. These empirically based findings suggest focus group sample sizes that differ from many of the “rule of thumb” recommendations in the existing literature. We discuss the relative generalizability of our findings to other study contexts, and we highlight some methodological questions about adequate sample sizes for focus group research.
How Many Interviews Are Enough to Identify Metathemes in Multisited and Cross-cultural Research? Another Perspective on Guest, Bunce, and Johnson’s (2006) Landmark Study
Authors: Hagaman Ashley K. , Wutich Amber
Published: April 2016

There is much debate over the number of interviews needed to reach data saturation for themes and metathemes in qualitative research. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the number of interviews needed to reach data saturation for metathemes in multisited and cross-cultural research. The analysis is based on a cross-cultural study on water issues conducted with 132 respondents in four different sites. Analysis of the data yielded 240 site-specific themes and nine cross-cultural metathemes. We found that 16 or fewer interviews were enough to identify common themes from sites with relatively homogeneous groups. Yet our research reveals that larger sample sizes—ranging from 20 to 40 interviews—were needed to reach data saturation for metathemes that cut across all sites. Our findings may be helpful in estimating sample sizes for each site in multisited or cross-cultural studies in which metathematic comparisons are part of the research design.
Multicultural Feeling, Feminist Rage, Indigenous Refusal
Authors: Burman Jenny
Published: April 2016

This article discusses the persistence of figuring Canadian multiculturalism as a success story, in the face of growing international attention to the degradation of Indigenous life and sovereignty in Canada. It examines three issues: nationalist investments in and scholarly/activist critiques of multiculturalism; dehumanizing bodily and discursive violence directed at Indigenous women by way of government policies, interpersonal violence, and media narratives; and recent activist expressions of anti-settler colonial politics diffused through social media. Gender is central to the interrogation of difference-making in Canada; it is conspicuously absent in mainstream formulations of multiculturalism, grievously present in gender-based violence, and a key basis for resistance to settler colonialism. The article’s aim is to complement the growing body of writing that connects multiculturalism and the politics of recognition to dismissals of Indigenous claims to political sovereignty, cultural self-determination, and freedom from bodily harm. The connection is not paradoxical—It is correlational.
Adaptive fuzzy trajectory control for biaxial motion stage system
Authors: Mao Wei-Lung , Hung Chung-Wen , Suprapto
Published: April 2016

Motion control is an essential part of industrial machinery and manufacturing systems. In this article, the adaptive fuzzy controller is proposed for precision trajectory tracking control in biaxial X-Y motion stage system. The theoretical analyses of direct fuzzy control which is insensitive to parameter uncertainties and external load disturbances are derived to demonstrate the feasibility to track the reference trajectories. The Lyapunov stability theorem has been used to testify the asymptotic stability of the whole system, and all the signals are bounded in the closed-loop system. The intelligent position controller combines the merits of the adaptive fuzzy control with robust characteristics and learning ability for periodic command tracking of a servo drive mechanism. The simulation and experimental results on square, triangle, star, and circle reference contours are presented to show that the proposed controller indeed accomplishes the better tracking performances with regard to model uncertainties. It is observed that the convergence of parameters and tracking errors can be faster and smaller compared with the conventional adaptive fuzzy control in terms of average tracking error and tracking error standard deviation.
Which endovenous ablation method does offer a better long-term technical success in the treatment of the incompetent great saphenous vein? Review
Authors: Balint Renata , Farics Akos , Parti Krisztina , Vizsy Laszlo , Batorfi Jozsef , Menyhei Gabor , Balint Istvan B
Published: April 2016

Objective

The aim of this review article was to evaluate the long-term technical success rates of the known endovenous ablation procedures in the treatment of the incompetence of the great saphenous vein.

Methods

A literature search was conducted in the PubMed-database until the 5 January 2016. All publications with four to five years follow-up were eligible. Meta-analysis was performed by the IVhet-model.

Results

Eight hundred and sixty-two unique publications were found; 17 of them were appropriate for meta-analysis. Overall, 1420 limbs were included in the trial, 939 for endovenous laser ablation, 353 for radiofrequency ablation and 128 for ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy. Overall, technical success rates were 84.8% for endovenous laser ablation, 88.7% for radiofrequency ablation and 32.8% for ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy. There were no significant differences between endovenous laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation and ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy regarding the great saphenous vein reopening ( p = 0.66; OR: 0.22; 95% of CI: 0.08–0.62 for radiofrequency ablation vs. endovenous laser ablation; p = 0.96; OR: 0.11; 95% of CI: 0.06–0.20 for endovenous laser ablation vs. ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy; p = 0.93; OR: 3.20; 95% of CI: 0.54–18.90 for ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy vs. radiofrequency ablation).

Conclusion

Both endovenous laser ablation and radiofrequency ablation are efficient in great saphenous vein occlusion on the long term. Lacking long-conducted large trials, the efficacy and reliability of ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy to treat great saphenous vein-reflux is not affirmed.
A Sense of Security
Authors: Jakubiak Brett K. , Feeney Brooke C.
Published: April 2016

Adults can be made to experience state attachment security (e.g., feel calm, cared for, and trusting) when they recall experiences, in which others were accepting and responsive. In two experiments, we tested whether receiving affectionate touch in the context of a close relationship naturally promotes state attachment security. As hypothesized, participants who imagined receiving touch had greater accessibility of secure words on a memory task (Experiment 1) and participants who physically received touch from their romantic partners self-reported greater state security (Experiment 2) than participants who did not receive touch. Neither the relationship context (romantic partner or close friend) nor the attribution for the touch moderated touch’s effect on state security. However, consistent with predictions, touch promoted security more for individuals low in avoidant attachment than highly avoidant individuals. By promoting state security, touch may facilitate positive relational behaviors and cognitions to improve and protect adult relationships.
Controlled attenuation parameter using the FibroScan® XL probe for quantification of hepatic steatosis for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in an Asian population
Authors: Chan Wah‐Kheong , Nik Mustapha Nik Raihan , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Mahadeva Sanjiv
Published: April 2016

Background

The FibroScan® XL probe reduces failure of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and unreliable results in obese patients.

Objective

The objective of this article is to evaluate the accuracy of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) obtained using the XL probe for the estimation of hepatic steatosis in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods

Adult NAFLD patients with a liver biopsy within six months were included and were examined with the FibroScan® M and XL probes. Histopathological findings were reported according to the Non‐Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network Scoring System. Participants who did not have fatty liver on ultrasonography were recruited as controls.

Results

A total of 57 NAFLD patients and 22 controls were included. The mean age of the NAFLD patients and controls was 50.1 ± 10.4 years and 20.2 ± 1.3 years, respectively (p  = 0.000). The mean body mass index was 30.2 ± 5.0 kg per m2 and 20.5 ± 2.4 kg per m2, respectively (p  = 0.000). The distribution of steatosis grades were: S0, 29%; S1, 17%; S2, 35%; S3, 19%. The AUROC for estimation of steatosis grade ≥ S1, S2 and S3 was 0.94, 0.80 and 0.69, respectively, using the M probe, and 0.97, 0.81 and 0.67, respectively, using the XL probe.

Conclusion

CAP obtained using the XL probe had similar accuracy as the M probe for the estimation of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD patients.
Networks in Technology Commercialization
Authors: Mattila Malla , Lehtimaki Hanna
Published: April 2016

This article examines technology commercialization as networked processes. It presents a longitudinal analysis of a technological invention called intelligent paper over a period of 13 years in 1997–2009. In the analysis, six technology commercialization phases are identified and the roles of various actors in each phase are depicted. The study shows how the processes of technology development and commercialization intertwine and shape each other. The study contributes to literature on commercialization of innovation by presenting an empirical case study where the processes of technology development and commercialization are complex and continuously evolving processes.
Forecasting US ivacaftor outcomes and cost in cystic fibrosis patients with the G551D mutation
Authors: Dilokthornsakul Piyameth , Hansen Ryan N. , Campbell Jonathan D.
Published: April 2016

Ivacaftor, a breakthrough treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with the G551D genetic mutation, lacks long-term clinical and cost projections. This study forecasted outcomes and cost by comparing ivacaftor plus usual careversususual care alone.

A lifetime Markov model was conducted from a US payer perspective. The model consisted of five health states: 1) forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % pred ≥70%, 2) 40%≤ FEV1% pred <70%, 3) FEV1% pred <40%, 4) lung transplantation and 5) death. All inputs were extracted from published literature. Budget impact was also estimated. We estimated ivacaftor's improvement in outcomes compared with a non-CF referent population.

Ivacaftor was associated with 18.25 (95% credible interval (CrI) 13.71–22.20) additional life-years and 15.03 (95% CrI 11.13–18.73) additional quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Ivacaftor was associated with improvements in survival and QALYs equivalent to 68% and 56%, respectively, for the survival and QALY gaps between CF usual care and their non-CF peers. The incremental lifetime cost was $3 374 584. The budget impact was $0.087 per member per month.

Ivacaftor increased life-years and QALYs in CF patients with the G551D mutation, and moved morbidity and mortality closer to that of their non-CF peers. Ivacaftor costs much more than usual care, but comes at a relatively limited budget impact.
Cigarette smoke-induced epithelial expression of WNT-5B: implications for COPD
Authors: Heijink Irene H. , de Bruin Harold G. , Dennebos Robin , Jonker Marnix R. , Noordhoek Jacobien A. , Brandsma Corry-Anke , van den Berge Maarten , Postma Dirkje S.
Published: April 2016

Wingless/integrase-1 (WNT) signalling is associated with lung inflammation and repair, but its role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis is unclear. We investigated whether cigarette smoke-induced dysregulation of WNT-5B contributes to airway remodelling in COPD.

We analysed WNT-5B protein expression in the lung tissue of COPD patients and (non)smoking controls, and investigated the effects of cigarette smoke exposure on WNT-5B expression in COPD and control-derived primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs). Additionally, we studied downstream effects of WNT-5B on remodelling related genes fibronectin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and SnaiI in BEAS-2B and air–liquid interface (ALI)-cultured PBECs.

We observed that airway epithelial WNT-5B expression is significantly higher in lung tissue from COPD patients than controls. Cigarette smoke extract significantly increased mRNA expression of WNT-5B in COPD, but not control-derived PBECs. Exogenously added WNT-5B augmented the expression of remodelling related genes in BEAS-2B cells, which was mediated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad3 signalling. In addition, WNT-5B upregulated the expression of these genes in ALI-cultured PBECs, particularly PBECs from COPD patients.

Together, our results provide evidence that exaggerated WNT-5B expression upon cigarette smoke exposure in the bronchial epithelium of COPD patients leads to TGF-β/Smad3-dependent expression of genes related to airway remodelling.
Recommendations to improve smoking cessation outcomes from people with lung conditions who smoke
Authors: Masefield Sarah , Powell Pippa , Jiménez-Ruiz Carlos , Hajek Peter , Lewis Keir , Andreas Stefan , Tønnesen Philip , van Schayck Onno , Gratziou Christina , Dautzenberg Bertrand , Tonstad Serena , Hering Thomas , Nardini Stephano , Fletcher Monica
Published: April 2016

This study aimed to gain insight into the impact of lung conditions on smoking behaviour and smoking cessation, and identify recommendations for smoking cessation and professional-patient communications. The study was led by the European Lung Foundation in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society Task Force on “Statement on smoking cessation on COPD and other pulmonary diseases and in smokers with comorbidities who find it difficult to quit”.

A web-based observational cross-sectional questionnaire was developed from a patient-centered literature review. Topics covered were: cohort characteristics; perspectives on smoking cessation; interactions with healthcare professionals; and recommendations to improve cessation outcomes.

The questionnaire was disseminatedviaexisting patient and professional networks and social media channels. The survey was available online for a period of 4 months in 16 languages. The data were analysed as a whole, not by country, with thematic analysis of the open responses.

Common characteristics were: male (54%); age 40–55 years (39%); 11–20 cigarettes a day (39%); smokes within 30 min of waking (61%); and has made 1–5 cessation attempts in the previous 12 months (54%). 59% had tried cessation treatments, but, of these, 55% had not found any treatments helpful.

Recommendations were: earlier intervention; discussion of the patient's smoking beliefs, behaviours and motivation; giving constructive advice; understanding addiction; informed decision-making; and treatment options. Areas for new and further research have been highlighted through exploring the smoking cessation perspectives and recommendations of people with lung conditions in Europe who smoke.
Partnerships in global health and collaborative governance: lessons learnt from the Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine at the Geneva University Hospitals
Authors: Beran David , Aebischer Perone Sigiriya , Alcoba Gabriel , Bischoff Alexandre , Bussien Claire-Lise , Eperon Gilles , Hagon Olivier , Heller Olivia , Jacquerioz Bausch Frédérique , Perone Nicolas , Vogel Thomas , Chappuis François
Published: April 2016

Background

In 2007 the “Crisp Report” on international partnerships increased interest in Northern countries on the way their links with Southern partners operated. Since its establishment in 2007 the Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine at the Geneva University Hospitals has developed a variety of partnerships. Frameworks to assess these partnerships are needed and recent attention in the field of public management on collaborative governance may provide a useful approach for analyzing international collaborations.

Methods

Projects of the Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine were analyzed by collaborators within the Division using the model proposed by Emerson and colleagues for collaborative governance, which comprises different components that assess the collaborative process.

Results

International projects within the Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine can be divided into four categories: Human resource development; Humanitarian response; Neglected Tropical Diseases and Noncommunicable diseases. For each of these projects there was a clear leader from the Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine as well as a local counterpart. These individuals were seen as leaders both due to their role in establishing the collaboration as well as their technical expertise. Across these projects the actual partners vary greatly. This diversity means a wide range of contributions to the collaboration, but also complexity in managing different interests. A common definition of the collaborative aims in each of the projects is both a formal and informal process. Legal, financial and administrative aspects of the collaboration are the formal elements. These can be a challenge based on different administrative requirements. Friendship is part of the informal aspects and helps contribute to a relationship that is not exclusively professional.

Conclusion

Using collaborative governance allows the complexity of managing partnerships to be presented. The framework used highlights the process of establishing collaborations, which is an element often negated by other more traditional models used in international partnerships. Applying the framework to the projects of the Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine highlights the importance of shared values and interests, credibility of partners, formal and informal methods of management as well as friendship.
Mitochondrial transplantation for therapeutic use
Authors: McCully James D. , Levitsky Sidney , del Nido Pedro J. , Cowan Douglas B.
Published: April 2016

Mitochondria play a key role in the homeostasis of the vast majority of the body's cells. In the myocardium where mitochondria constitute 30 % of the total myocardial cell volume, temporary attenuation or obstruction of blood flow and as a result oxygen delivery to myocardial cells (ischemia) severely alters mitochondrial structure and function. These alterations in mitochondrial structure and function occur during ischemia and continue after blood flow and oxygen delivery to the myocardium is restored, and significantly decrease myocardial contractile function and myocardial cell survival. We hypothesized that the augmentation or replacement of mitochondria damaged by ischemia would provide a mechanism to enhance cellular function and cellular rescue following the restoration of blood flow. To test this hypothesis we have used a model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Our studies demonstrate that the transplantation of autologous mitochondria, isolated from the patient's own body, and then directly injected into the myocardial during early reperfusion augment the function of native mitochondria damaged during ischemia and enhances myocardial post‐ischemic functional recovery and cellular viability. The transplanted mitochondria act both extracellularly and intracellularly. Extracellularly, the transplanted mitochondria enhance high energy synthesis and cellular adenosine triphosphate stores and alter the myocardial proteome. Once internalized the transplanted mitochondria rescue cellular function and replace damaged mitochondrial DNA. There is no immune or auto‐immune reaction and there is no pro‐arrhythmia as a result of the transplanted mitochondria. Our studies and those of others demonstrate that mitochondrial transplantation can be effective in a number of cell types and diseases. These include cardiac and skeletal muscle, pulmonary and hepatic tissue and cells and in neuronal tissue. In this review we discuss the mechanisms leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and the effects on cellular function. We provide a methodology for the isolation of mitochondria to allow for clinical relevance and we discuss the methods we and others have used for the uptake and internalization of mitochondria. We foresee that mitochondrial transplantation will be a valued treatment in the armamentarium of all clinicians and surgeons for the treatment of varied ischemic disorders, mitochondrial diseases and related disorders.
Editorial: NLRP3: immune activator or modulator?
Authors: Ma Zhe , Damania Blossom
Published: April 2016

Discussion of how NLRP3 knockout mice display increased inflammation and early onset disease compared to wild-type mice in a HSV-1 SK model.
TRANSRELIGIOUS AND INTERCOMMUNAL
Authors: Urita Michiko
Published: April 2016

This contribution to the Common Knowledge symposium “Peace by Other Means” demonstrates how, even as religious strife is pervasive in India, classical Hindustani music has remained a transreligious and intercommunal medium. Indeed, music is one of the few domains in which Hindu-Muslim tension is absent: in North India it is common for audiences composed of both Hindus and Muslims to attend performances in which Hindu vocalists sing devotedly of Allah, and Muslim vocalists of Krishna. Hindustani musicians of whatever faith, it is argued, worship Nada-Brahman, the Hindu “Sound-God.” Three kinds of religious tradition in India have nurtured the perception that sound is sacred: Hindu bhakti, Sufism, and Santism, all of which this essay explores in case studies both of the formative period of devotional music in North India and of the current state of the genre and its venues of performance.
ONCE UPON A TIME
Authors: Zipes Jack
Published: April 2016

This essay proposes that storytelling be reintroduced into schools and universities, at all levels and in all languages, though in a new and quite particular way. Instead of traditional storytelling that reaffirms the values of a mindlessly competitive and materialist world, the author suggests an alternative form of storytelling that fosters peace and humane values. No matter how original and authentic our own life stories may seem to us, we rarely are able to break away from a master narrative that sets the frame in which our personal stories are shaped and interpreted. Our economic system and the social order that it secretes are structured like a war: our master narrative figures human life as an affair of winners and losers. Children need encouragement to question and bypass the master narrative by rethinking and rewriting traditional tales, fables, myths, and even epics and tragedies. Research conducted by the author at schools in the United States and United Kingdom shows that, through free play, alternatives to rivalry, bullying, brutality, cruelty, ruthlessness, vehemence, and enmity occur naturally to children of all ages.
Recent advances in large-scale protein interactome mapping
Authors: Mehta Virja , Trinkle-Mulcahy Laura
Published: April 2016

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) underlie most, if not all, cellular functions. The comprehensive mapping of these complex networks of stable and transient associations thus remains a key goal, both for systems biology-based initiatives (where it can be combined with other ‘omics’ data to gain a better understanding of functional pathways and networks) and for focused biological studies. Despite the significant challenges of such an undertaking, major strides have been made over the past few years. They include improvements in the computation prediction of PPIs and the literature curation of low-throughput studies of specific protein complexes, but also an increase in the deposition of high-quality data from non-biased high-throughput experimental PPI mapping strategies into publicly available databases.
Using of Ohlson Model for Express Valuation of the Company
Authors: Ордов  , Ordov K.
Published: April 2016

Th e article discusses the prospect of using the model of Ohlson to conduct a rapid assessment of the market value

of the company. Model of added value have a high reliability of the fi nal calculations with a high quality of accounting

in the company.
The role of nurses and dietitians in managing paediatric coeliac disease
Authors: Fok Chi-Yee , Sara Holland Kate , Gil-Zaragozano Elena , Prosad Paul Siba
Published: April 2016

Coeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated genetic condition elicited by the ingestion of gluten, leading to proximal small bowel enteropathy. It affects around 1% of the population, although only a small proportion of cases are actually diagnosed. It is a multisystem disorder presenting with both gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations such as diarrhoea, abdominal pain, constipation, vomiting, iron deficiency anaemia, faltering growth, dental enamel defects, short stature, liver disease, arthropathy and recurrent aphthous ulcers. Nurses, working in different clinical settings, are best placed for early recognition and diagnosis of CD in children. Suspicion of CD should lead to immunoglobulin A (IgA)-based anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody screening tests and a diagnosis confirmed by an intestinal biopsy. Modification of European (ESPGHAN) guidelines now enables CD to be diagnosed without a small-bowel biopsy in a select group of symptomatic children. A gluten-free diet should preferably be started by paediatric dietitians. Strict adherence to a gluten-free diet is essential to maintain good health and to prevent long-term complications. A case study demonstrating some of the challenges that may be faced in children with CD in clinical practice is described. Specialist nurse-led CD clinics are gaining popularity and have been found to be equally effective in providing continuity of quality care.
Patient safety perspectives from other countries: reflecting on reporting
Authors: Tingle John
Published: April 2016

John Tingle discusses the lessons that can be learned from systems set up to gather intelligence on patient safety and adverse events in the USA and New Zealand, in this follow-up column
Inspiring colleagues through best practice
Authors: Nicol Janni , Bell Lisa
Published: April 2016

MA Education Ltd, St Jude's Church, Dulwich Road, London, SE24 0PB. neil.henty@markallengroup.com
No mystery to marks
Authors: Jones Michael
Published: April 2016

In this article, Michael Jones describes ways that settings can promote a better understanding of mark making and how this can then lead on to the development of drawing and handwriting skills.
We need to employ quality people
Authors: Gibbin Fay
Published: April 2016

In response to a recent report, Fay Gibbin tells us why she thinks developing specifically trained early years practitioners should be more of a priority than introducing people with teaching qualifications.
The making of things
Authors: Chalmers Debbie
Published: April 2016

The world of children is full of wonderful and interesting objects, and full of experiences and discoveries waiting to be made, so why not explore this learning environment by finding out how things are made?
Can trainees really train other trainees?
Authors: Chan O , Back D , Skinner J , Sandiford N
Published: April 2016

The effect of a post-CCT fellow on the training of registrars in trauma and orthopaedics.
Challenges and opportunities for emergency general surgery
Authors: Watson Robert A
Published: April 2016

A look at how policy gets formed at the RCS and other institutions.
‘Let’s try that curtsy again’: Understanding the Royal presence in a New Zealand photo caption competition
Authors: Lloyd Mike
Published: April 2016

This article builds on a previously published article in this journal that analysed the first twenty episodes of a photo caption competition running in a very popular New Zealand magazine. Visible hand gestures and embodied expressions were central in the photos that entrants completed by submitting a caption. These provide a readily understandable and economic platform for directing competitors in the task of making humour. Returning to the competition over two years later, embodiment is still central, but another interesting feature of the competition is discovered. Using a fuller set of 132 episodes, and on the basis of readily available categorizations of the people shown in the photos, we see an interesting breakdown in the types of people shown in the photos: politicians are most frequently shown, but the British Royal Family are also high up in the appearance stakes. The strong royal presence deserves analysis, and to help in this task Davies’ work on Jokes and Targets (2011), and varied work from celebrity studies, is employed. Such work can only partly explain the complexity of such visual humour, as each photo has its own particularities that help channel humour construction.
Destabilizing the gaze towards male fashion models: Expanding men’s gender and sexuality identities
Authors: Barry Ben , Phillips Barbara
Published: April 2016

Fashion advertisements pioneered the mainstream objectification of the male body in popular culture. While scholars have theorized about the influence of these images on men, few empirical studies have examined men’s engagement with them. This study investigates how men experience objectified men’s fashion advertisements through interviews with 30 gay and straight male fashion consumers. Analysis revealed that both gay and straight men gaze upon images through the lenses of appreciation and fantasy, destabilizing normative binaries of gender and sexuality. Despite the delight that men experienced, objectified fashion images roused despair and distress because the models represented limited body ideals and expressions of gender and sexuality. Findings provide empirical evidence to support and advance a new theorization of the male gaze in men’s fashion images. Fashion professionals are advised to expand their representations of male imagery to enable men to continue to traverse gender and sexuality boundaries.
Getting beyond the fear of queer: The transition from gender-specific fashion to inclusive style
Authors: Bitterman Alex
Published: April 2016

The transition of a simple T-shirt from a constituent piece of military uniform to cultural icon is well documented, but the impacts of this shift of male fashion and the societal role of men are not as well researched. This article explores the role of gender as it relates to fashion and broadly examines a cultural snapshot of the changing landscape of men’s fashion at the end of the twentieth and beginning of the twenty-first centuries. Along with this exploration is a guide map of the shifting landscape, what these shifts portend, and the social and cultural changes that are being mirrored by the way men engage or do not engage in clothing and fashion.
Linking Dress and the Public, Private and Secret Self model to coming out
Authors: Reilly Andrew , Miller-Spillman Kimberly A.
Published: April 2016

This theoretical article examines how dress and the Public, Private and Secret Self (PPSS) model is linked to the coming-out models of LGBTI individuals, specifically gay men. The PPSS model is a taxonomy for categorizing dress based on social situation (reality, fun/leisure, fantasy) and the level of self-expression (public, private, secret). Coming-out models are developmental stages of expressing one’s sexual orientation, otherwise known as ‘coming out of the closet’. By examining existing academic literature on gay men and comparing coming-out models with the PPSS model, we posit two directions that link the two models.
Language, region and cinema: Translation as politics in Ek Duuje Ke Liye
Authors: Sundar Pavitra
Published: April 2016

Language articulates cultural distinction and difference in a variety of ways in India’s diverse cinematic traditions. In mainstream Bombay cinema, language has been deployed to assert the hegemony of Hindi and to cast Hindi-speaking North Indian subjects as quintessential national subjects. This assertion of linguistic and cultural privilege runs counter to the fact that film-making in India has always entailed a host of multilingual and cross-regional exchanges, from producing remakes and double versions to dubbing film dialogues. This article uses G. N. Devy’s concept of ‘translation consciousness’ to demonstrate how Ek Duuje Ke Liye/For Each Other, a Hindi film produced by South Indian film-makers, challenges the hegemony of both Hindi and Bombay cinema as an industry. In moving deftly across multiple tongues and cultural forms – from various iterations of Hindi to Bharatanatyam to classic film titles – EDKL urges us to embrace a more playful attitude towards linguistic and regional identity. Attending to the politics of language and sound in this particular film, and in Indian film history more broadly, also allows us to rethink the relationship between the ‘national’ and the ‘regional’ in film studies as a discipline.
‘The child’ of new Marathi cinema
Authors: Wani Aarti
Published: April 2016

The last decade has witnessed a resurgence of Marathi cinema, and narratives focused on childhood have been one of its dominant strands. In films like Tingya (2008), Shala (2012), Balak Palak (2013), 72 mile ek Pravas (2013), and Fandry (2013), the vulnerabilities of childhood become the matrix of historic transformations in material experience, lifestyle and perception. Interestingly, these films responding to local and regional concerns register the transformation of the region because of neo-liberalism. The films’ investment in childhood seems to be along two distinct but sometimes intertwining axes of desire. One is the site of the sexual in the child and the other invests in the child’s spatial and affective relation with the land of the region, the rural village/small town on the cusp of a social-economic transformation. With a focus on Fandry, this article examines some of the textual strategies and tropes of this cinematic moment.