bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Optimization of Azacryptands for Targeting Three‐Way DNA Junctions
Authors: Pipier Angélique , Chetot Titouan , Kalamatianou Apollonia , Martin Nicolas , Caroff Maëlle , Britton Sébastien , Chéron Nicolas , Trantírek Lukáš , Granzhan Anton , Monchaud David
Published: June 2024

Transient melting of the duplex‐DNA (B‐DNA) during DNA transactions allows repeated sequences to fold into non‐B‐DNA structures, including DNA junctions and G‐quadruplexes. These noncanonical structures can act as impediments to DNA polymerase progression along the duplex, thereby triggering DNA damage and ultimately jeopardizing genomic stability. Their stabilization by ad hoc ligands is currently being explored as a putative anticancer strategy since it might represent an efficient way to inflict toxic DNA damage specifically to rapidly dividing cancer cells. The relevance of this strategy is only emerging for three‐way DNA junctions (TWJs) and, to date, no molecule has been recognized as a reference TWJ ligand, featuring both high affinity and selectivity. Herein, we characterize such reference ligands through a combination of in vitro techniques comprising affinity and selectivity assays (competitive FRET‐melting and TWJ Screen assays), functional tests (qPCR and Taq stop assays) and structural analyses (molecular dynamics and NMR investigations). We identify novel azacryptands TrisNP‐amphi and TrisNP‐ana as the most promising ligands, interacting with TWJs with high affinity and selectivity. These ligands represent new molecular tools to investigate the cellular roles of TWJs and explore how they can be exploited in innovative anticancer therapies.
Insights Into the Mechanochemical Glass Formation of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks
Authors: Xue Wen‐Long , Das Chinmoy , Weiß Jan‐Benedikt , Henke Sebastian
Published: June 2024

Metal–organic framework (MOF) glasses, known for their potential in gas separation, optics, and solid‐state electrolytes, benefit from the processability of their (supercooled) liquid state. Traditionally, MOF glasses are produced by heating MOF crystals to their melting point and then cooling the liquid MOF to room temperature under an inert atmosphere. While effective, this melt‐quenching technique requires high energy due to the high temperatures involved. It also limits the scope of new material development by restricting the compositional range to only those combinations of metal ions and linkers that are highly thermally stable. An alternative, mechanical milling at room temperature, has demonstrated its capability to transform MOF crystals into amorphous phases. However, the specific conditions under which these amorphous phases exhibit glass‐like behavior remain uncharted. In this study, we explore the mechanochemical amorphization and vitrification of a variety of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) with diverse linkers and different metal ions (Zn2+, Co2+ and Cu2+) at room temperature. Our findings demonstrate that ZIFs capable of melting can be successfully converted into glasses through ball‐milling. Remarkably, some non‐meltable ZIFs can also be vitrified using the ball‐milling technique, as highlighted by the preparation of the first Cu2+‐based ZIF glass.
Targeted and untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics in dried blood microsampling: Recent applications and perspectives
Authors: Couacault Pauline , Avella Dennisse , Londoño‐Osorio Sara , Lorenzo Ana S. , Gradillas Ana , Kärkkäinen Olli , Want Elizabeth , Witting Michael
Published: June 2024

Blood microsampling (BµS) offers an alternative to conventional methods that use plasma or serum for profiling human health, being minimally invasive and cost effective, especially beneficial for vulnerable populations. We present a non‐systematic review that offers a synopsis of the analytical methods, applications and perspectives related to dry blood microsampling in targeted and untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics research in the years 2022 and 2023. BµS shows potential in neonatal and paediatric studies, therapeutic drug monitoring, metabolite screening, biomarker research, sports supervision, clinical disorders studies and forensic toxicology. Notably, dried blood spots and volumetric absorptive microsampling options have been more extensively studied than other volumetric technologies. Therefore, we suggest that a further investigation and application of the volumetric technologies will contribute to the use of BµS as an alternative to conventional methods. Conversely, we support the idea that harmonisation of the analytical methods when using BµS would have a positive impact on its implementation.
Developing Supramolecular Metallogel Derived from Pd2L4 Cage Molecule for Delivering an Anti‐Cancer Drug to Melanoma Cell B16−F10
Authors: Bera Sourabh , Dutta Abhishek , Dastidar Parthasarathi
Published: June 2024

Supramolecular gels are an important class of materials that are promising for its wide range of applications including drug delivery. While supramolecular gels are intrinsically porous because of the 3D nano‐matrix (gel matrix) that is being formed due to supramolecular self‐assembly process involving the gelator molecules during gelation, additional nanopores can be introduced to the overall gel if the gelator molecule itself holds molecular cavity such as metal‐organic‐cage (MOC) molecules. A MOC having the molecular formula [(Pd2L24).4NO3].3H2O.2DMF.MeOH (Pd‐cage) (L2=5‐Azido‐N,N′‐di‐pyridin‐3‐yl‐isophthalamide) was successfully synthesized and characterized by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, ESI‐MS and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Stimuli‐reversible supramolecular metallogel PdG could easily be formed from Pd‐cage in DMSO/water mixture. The molecular cage of Pd‐cage was demonstrated to be available for loading an anti‐cancer drug namely doxorubicin (DOX). Subsequently, DOX was also loaded within PdG and delivered to melanoma cell line B16−F10 displaying significant anti‐cancer activity as revealed by both MTT and scratch assay. Rheoreversibility of PdG and its ability to load and deliver DOX to cancer cells clearly raised hope for developing this metallogel further as topical anticancer gel.
Synthesis of Chlorophylls‐Doped Guanine Crystals with High Reflection and Depolarization for Green Camouflage Coating
Authors: Zhang Ying , Ren Yujing , Hao Jingyan , Gao Juan , Ma Yurong
Published: June 2024

Hyperspectral imaging technology can record the spatial and spectral information of the targets and significantly enhance the levels of military reconnaissance and target detection. It has scientific importance to mimic “homochromatic and homospectral” camouflage materials that have hyperspectral similarity with the green vegetation, one of the most common natural backgrounds. It is a big challenge to exquisitely simulate the spectral of green vegetation in visible and near‐infrared windows because of the slight differences between the artificial green dyes and vegetation, the instability of chlorophylls, and the easy loss of hydroxide bands due to the loss of water from the camouflage materials. Herein, a novel kind of biomimetic material of green vegetation was designed through the incorporation of chlorophylls into the crystal lattices of single‐crystalline anhydrous guanine microplates for the first time. The synthesized chlorophylls‐doped anhydrous guanine crystals exhibit high reflectance intensity and depolarization effect, thus can be applied as biomimetic camouflage materials that mimic green vegetation with high reflectivity and low polarization in the visible and near‐infrared regions. The factors influencing the formation of dye‐doped organic crystals under mild conditions were thoroughly investigated and the characterizations using electron microscopies and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy clearly confirm the occlusion of chlorophylls into the crystal lattices of guanine crystals. The thermal stability experiments clearly indicate that the chlorophylls‐doped guanine crystals possess long‐term stability at high temperature. This study provides a new strategy for the synthesis of multifunctional materials comprised of organic crystals.
Defining Regional Water Distribution System Models
Authors: Tomić Saša , Najafi Nima , Ripley Heather , Huang Matthew , Skeens Brian
Published: June 2024

Key Takeaways

What defines a regional water distribution system? An AWWA committee sorted through the characteristics of systems and their respective models to come up with a clear classification.

Regional water distribution models are broken into two categories: regional transmission and regional emergency supply, with many models landing somewhere along the spectrum.

A close examination of four regional water systems revealed the unique attributes and numerous considerations that make developing and maintaining hydraulic models complex.
Evaluating the Smart Technology Level of Water Purification Plants
Authors: Shin Dong Gi , Lee Jong Yun
Published: June 2024

Key Takeaways

The features of a smart water purification plant (SWPP) can include autonomous operation of treatment processes, energy management optimization, and facility preservation, using approaches that include artificial intelligence technology.

Evaluation indicators were developed to measure the level of technology in K‐water's SWPPs.

Practical demonstration at three K‐water SWPPs was used to validate the effectiveness of these indicators.
Setup Design and Data Evaluation for DEMS in Sodium Ion Batteries, Demonstrated on a Mn‐Rich Cathode Material
Authors: Geisler Jonas , Pfeiffer Lukas , A. Ferrero Guillermo , Axmann Peter , Adelhelm Philipp
Published: June 2024

Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) is a powerful operando method for analyzing side reactions in batteries. We describe our DEMS setup highlighting the relevance for implementing a reference electrode. Although the method provides valuable information, the correct assignment of the DEMS signals to types of gases and quantifying the amounts released can be challenging. A frequent limitation is that gas concentrations are calculated from single m/z ratios. This has the drawback of overlooking unexpected gases which can cause misinterpretation of the signal intensities, or even attributing to gases which are not actually formed. We present a multiple concentration determination (MCD) algorithm that uses the full MS‐spectra, which allows a more reliable determination of the gas release. We demonstrate this approach for Na‐ion half‐cells with P2‐Na0.67Mn3/4Ni1/4O2 (NaMNO) as cathode active material (CAM). Studying the gassing behavior for two electrolyte formulations (1 M NaPF6 in propylene carbonate (PC) and in diglyme (2G)). Against the general belief that glymes lead to more gassing at high potentials, we find that gas evolution for PC electrolytes is larger compared to 2G electrolytes. Dimethyl ether is found to be a decomposition product of 2G. Pressure change measurements are used to independently validate the gas quantification.
Hydrocarbon fuel blendstock from tannery waste: energy from fleshing oil via gas phase catalytic cracking
Authors: Onem Ersin , Heil Volker , Yesil Hasan , Prokein Michael , Renner Manfred
Published: June 2024

The global leather industry generates large quantities of tannery waste. These leather wastes have a high fat content, which could be used for valuable products. This study focuses on the conversion of such fats into a biocrude to be distilled into a bio‐based hydrocarbon fuel blendstock. A biorefining technology defined as ‘gas‐phase catalytic cracking’ (GCC) over activated carbons, also referred to as ‘greasoline’, was used for conversion, and GC–MS/FID and simulated distillation for product characterization. The experiments were performed at ambient pressure and 450 °C reaction temperature, with 40 g h−1 of fat being processed over 55 g of steam‐activated carbon under a nitrogen atmosphere for a duration of 4 h. Fleshing oil obtained from the pre‐fleshing of double‐face lambskins by extraction with supercritical CO2 yielded almost the same mass fraction of organic liquid product (OLP) (59 wt%) as palm oil used as a reference (62 wt%). In both OLPs, n‐alkanes from heptane to heptadecane predominate, with a clear predominance of n‐pentadecane and n‐heptadecane and no unsaturated molecules among the major components. For both oils, about 85 wt% of the OLP is in the boiling range of diesel fuel, and about another 12 wt% is in the gasoline boiling range. The results show that mixtures of fatty acids extracted from leather tanning wastes can be used for value‐added products – in particular for the production of bio‐based hydrocarbon fuel blendstock.
Oral exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics altered the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis role in hormonal regulation, inducing reproductive toxicity in albino rats
Authors: Ebrahim Marwa M. , El‐Dakdoky Mai H. , El‐Shafiey Sara Hatem , Amer Amany S.
Published: June 2024

Background

Nanoplastics can be considered a novel contaminant for the environment because of their extensive applications in modern society, which represents a possible threat to humans. Nevertheless, the negative effect of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS‐NPs) on male reproduction, fertility, and progeny outcomes is not well known. Thus, the aim of the present work was to calculate the median lethal dose (LD50) and investigate the consequences of exposure to PS‐NPs (25 nm) on male reproductive toxicity.

Methods

This investigation first determined the LD50 of PS‐NPs in male Wistar rats, and then in a formal study, 24 rats were distributed into three groups (n = 8): the control group; the low‐dose group (3 mg/kg bw); and the high‐dose group (10 mg/kg bw) of PS‐NPs administered orally for 60 days. On the 50th day of administration, the fertility test was conducted.

Results

The LD50 was determined to be 2500 mg/kg. PS‐NP administration induced significant alternations, mainly indicating mortality in the high‐dose group, a significant elevation in body weight gain, declined sperm quality parameters, altered reproductive hormonal levels, thyroid endocrine disruption, an alternation of the normal histo‐architecture and the histo‐morphometric analysis of the testes, and impaired male fertility.

Conclusion

Altogether, the current findings provide novel perspectives on PS‐NP general toxicity with specific reference to male reproductive toxicity.
Teaching basic personal finance to justice‐involved youth
Authors: Ethridge Amy N. , Kemp Jacqueline M. , Edgemon Anna Kate , Richling Sarah M.
Published: June 2024

Justice‐involved youth (JIY) display skills deficits in a variety of domains, but particularly in life skills such as health habits, obtaining a job, and maintaining finances. These skills are particularly important for JIY, who often come from historically disenfranchised communities. This population encounters many challenges as they transition from juvenile correctional facilities to their respective communities. To have the greatest impact, these skills should likely be taught prior to the transition. Thus, the purpose of this study was to teach basic personal finance skills to adolescent males in a juvenile residential treatment facility, using an information packet with rehearsal and feedback. The intervention was specifically chosen to be minimally invasive due to the challenges presented by the COVID‐19 pandemic relating to providing services to JIY. Data were analyzed visually using nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs. The results of the study showed the intervention was moderately effective at teaching basic financial skills relating to budgeting, banking, and credit to four participants.
Molecular and genetics inquiry program using Drosophila eyes absent gene
Authors: Choi Jinhyeon , Jeon Sang‐Hak , Shim Hyeon‐Pyo
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to develop molecular genetics inquiry programs using the eyes absent gene of Drosophila melanogaster. The program was composed of various molecular genetics experiments, including mutation observation, cross‐breeding, searching for genetic information in web databases, gDNA extraction, and PCR. Each experiment was designed to include a reasoning process, thus aligning the program closely with the structure of authentic scientific research. This program was also developed with a modular design to provide flexibility in its implementation. The program was implemented for middle school students affiliated with a university science education institute for the gifted, and surveys indicated that students had positive experiences with the program. Our findings suggest that the program provides students with a contextual understanding of how authentic research is conducted. Finally, we suggest ways to implement the program effectively.
Effects of modified‐constraint induced movement therapy based telerehabilitation on upper extremity motor functions in stroke patients
Authors: Saygili Fettah , Guclu‐Gunduz Arzu , Eldemir Sefa , Eldemir Kader , Ozkul Cagla , Gursoy Gorkem Tutal
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Modified‐Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (m‐CIMT) based telerehabilitation on upper extremity motor functions in stroke patients.

Methods

Eighteen stroke patients were included and randomly allocated into two groups. The Tele‐CIMT (modified‐constraint induced movement therapy‐based telerehabilitation) (n = 10) group received m‐CIMT based telerehabilitation for 90 min a day, 5 weekdays for 3 weeks at home. Additionally, both the Tele‐CIMT group and the control group (CG) (n = 8) underwent the home exercise program aimed at improving range of motion, active movement, balance, and walking every weekday for 3 weeks at home. The outcome measures were the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement Scale (STREAM), Fugl‐Meyer Upper Extremity Motor Evaluation Scale (FM‐UE), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), 9‐Hole Peg Test (9‐HPT), grip strengths, pinch strengths, Motor Activity Log‐28 (MAL‐28), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM).

Results

Significant group‐by‐time interactions on STREAM, FM‐UE, WMFT, grip strength, pinch strengths, MAL‐28, and FIM were found to be in favor of the Tele‐CIMT group. Additionally, post hoc analyses revealed that the Tele‐CIMT group significantly improved in terms of these parameters (p > .05).

Conclusion

This is the first randomized controlled trial showing that Tele‐CIMT improved upper extremity motor functions and activities of daily living in stroke patients. Tele‐CIMT can help improve the upper extremities in stroke survivors who have difficulties reaching rehabilitation clinics.
High glucose inhibits autophagy and promotes the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Li Feng , Wan Xing , Li Zhigui , Zhou Liming
Published: June 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, characterized by its complex etiology and slow research progress. Diabetes, as an independent risk factor for CRC, has been widely certified. Consequently, this study centers on elucidating the intricacies of CRC cells initiation and progression within a high‐glucose environment.

Methods

A battery of assays was employed to assess the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells cultured under varying glucose concentrations. Optimal glucose levels conducive to cells' proliferation and migration were identified. Western blot analyses were conducted to evaluate alterations in apoptosis, autophagy, and EMT‐related proteins in CRC cells under high‐glucose conditions. The expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway‐associated proteins was assessed using western blot. The effect of high glucose on xenograft growth was investigated in vivo by MC38 cells, and changes in inflammatory factors (IL‐4, IL‐13, TNF‐α, IL‐5, and IL‐12) were measured via serum ELISA.

Results

Our experiments demonstrated that elevated glucose concentrations promoted both the proliferation and migration of CRC cells; the most favorable glucose dose is 20 mM. Western blot analyses revealed a decrease in apoptotic proteins, such as Bim, Bax, and caspase‐3 with increasing glucose levels. Concurrently, the expression of EMT‐related proteins, including N‐cadherin, vimentin, ZEB1, and MMP9, increased. High‐glucose cultured cells exhibited elevated levels of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins. In the xenograft model, tumor cells stimulated by high glucose exhibited accelerated growth, larger tumor volumes, and heightened KI67 expression of immunohistochemistry. ELISA experiments revealed higher expression of IL‐4 and IL‐13 and lower expression of TNF‐α and IL‐5 in the serum of high‐glucose‐stimulated mice.

Conclusion

The most favorable dose and time for tumor cells proliferation and migration is 20 mM, 48 h. High glucose fosters CRC cell proliferation and migration while suppressing autophagy through the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
The wingspan suspension approach: A modified semilunar technique for multiple areas of recession
Authors: Rascon Allison N. , Lander Bradley , Fiorellini Joseph P. , Neiva Rodrigo
Published: June 2024

Background

Gingival recession can be considered an undesirable condition that results in the exposure of the root surface. There are many techniques that can be employed to address gingival recession; however, they frequently involve a second surgical site. Other approaches have been introduced in the past to address this concern, and this case study discusses the use of a modified technique to achieve root coverage.

Methods

A patient presented to the periodontics clinic with concerns regarding gingival recession. A modification to the semilunar technique was employed to address the recession, whereas double sling sutures were utilized to maintain the coronal repositioning of the flap.

Results

Maxillary central incisors initially presented with 2–3 mm of facial recession and root coverage was achieved by use of a modified surgical semilunar approach. No rebound noted over a 6‐month period, newly established gingival margin deemed clinically stable.

Conclusions

This case study provides an alternative to addressing gingival recession in the maxillary anterior region, when <3 mm of recession is noted. Avoidance of a second surgical procedure and/or donor site is of particular benefit, as well as maintenance of the blood supply.

Key points

Why is this case new information?

There is insufficient evidence on the use of a modified wingspan incision design Phenotype modification with elimination of a second surgical site is most ideal for the patient.

What are the keys to successful management of this case?

Comprehensive diagnosis and proper case selection Meticulous flap management and adequate release to allow for repositioning without tension Appropriate use ofsuture and suturing technique.

What are the primary limitations to success in this case?

Thin periodontal phenotype Poor oral hygiene and plaque accumulation postoperatively Loss to follow‐up.
Usnic acid alleviates inflammatory responses and induces apoptotic signaling through inhibiting NF‐ĸB expressions in human oral carcinoma cells
Authors: Azhamuthu Theerthu , Kathiresan Suresh , Senkuttuvan Ilanchitchenni , Asath Nihal Ahamed Abulkalam , Ravichandran Pugazhendhi , Vasu Rajeswari
Published: June 2024

Usnic acid (UA) is a unique bioactive substance in lichen with potential anticancer properties. Recently, we have reported that UA can reduce 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a] anthracene‐induced oral carcinogenesis by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell proliferation in a male golden Syrian hamster in vivo model. The present study aims to explore the relevant mechanism of cell death induced by UA on human oral carcinoma (KB) cell line in an in vitro model. We found that UA can induce apoptosis (cell death) in KB cells by decreasing cell viability, increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), depolarizing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels, causing nuclear fragmentation, altering apoptotic morphology, and causing excessive DNA damage. Additionally, UA inhibits the expression of Bcl‐2, a protein that promotes cell survival, while increasing the expression of p53, Bax, Cytochrome‐c, Caspase‐9, and 3 proteins in KB cells. UA also inhibits the expression of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), a protein that mediates the activation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α and IL‐6, in KB cells. Furthermore, UA promotes apoptosis by enhancing the mitochondrial‐mediated apoptotic mechanism through oxidative stress, depletion of cellular antioxidants, and an inflammatory response. Ultimately, the findings of this study suggest that UA may have potential as an anticancer therapeutic agent for oral cancer treatments.
Allergy to Theobroma Cacao
Authors: Nin Valencia Ana , Retes Lorena Soto , Bartolomé‐Zavala Borja , Perdomo Gutiérrez Gustavo , Bigorra Teresa
Published: June 2024

We present the case of a patient with antecedent of tree nuts allergy who developed an anaphylactic reaction after ingesting a piece chocolate. An allergy study detected sensitization to cocoa in skin tests as well as cross‐reactivity with tree nuts in the SDS‐PAGE immunoblotting‐inhibition.
Angiokeratoma of Fordyce—A rare complication of laser hair removal: A case report of two patients
Authors: Moeineddin Fatemeh , Pourgholi Elnaz , Rahmati‐Roudsari Mohammad , Robati Reza M.
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

This study highlights the first documented cases of angiokeratoma of Fordyce following laser hair removal (LHR) emphasizing the importance of patient selection and careful laser use. It underscores the importance of understanding LHR‐associated risks, particularly for patients with darker skin. The efficacy of topical rapamycin as an alternative treatment for angiokeratomas is also discussed.

Laser hair removal (LHR) has emerged as a widely accepted method for achieving long‐term hair reduction. While generally considered safe, it is important to study the possible adverse events to optimize patient care. Here, we present a unique case report of angiokeratoma of Fordyce, a rare vascular lesion, following LHR. Two patients experienced the development of these lesions subsequent to LHR treatment sessions, characterized by a severe burning sensation during the procedure. Interestingly, both individuals exhibited varicose veins on their legs, suggesting a potential risk factor for this complication. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying LHR‐induced adverse events and the need for further research to elucidate associated risk factors and management strategies. This case report serves to enhance awareness among clinicians and emphasizes the significance of patient counseling regarding the potential side effects of LHR.
Lymphocytic infiltration as a marker of disease severity in patients with bullous pemphigoid—A case series
Authors: Mathur Mahesh , Thakur Neha , Das Gautam , Paudel Supriya , Jaiswal Sunil
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

Patients of Bullous Pemphigoid with predominant lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate on histopathology have a severe form of the disease requiring high doses of steroids along with an adjuvant immunosuppressant. Thus, the histopathological evaluation would predict the severity of Bullous Pemphigoid, especially in countries where ELISA and immunofluorescence are not readily available.
Aspekte der Energiewende. Teil 1: Einfluss der Weibull‐Windgeschwindigkeitsverteilung auf die Kosten von PTX‐Produkten
Authors: Machhammer Otto , Janisch Ingo
Published: June 2024

Es wird eine Berechnungsmethode zur Optimierung der Stromgestehungskosten (LCOE) und der Kosten für die anschließende Power‐to‐X (PTX)‐Produktion aus Windkraft vorgestellt, die auf Weibull‐Parametern und Kostenfunktionen basiert. Betrachtet werden die PTX‐Produkte Methanol, Ammoniak und synthetischer Diesel sowie Wasserstoff, der durch Hydrierung von flüssigem organischem Wasserstoffträger (LOHC) in eine leicht transportierbare Form gebracht wird. Exemplarisch für Produktionsstätten mit ausgezeichneten Windverhältnissen wurden Haru‐Oni in Chile und Tarfaya in Marokko gewählt. Verglichen werden diese mit drei heimischen Standorten mit sehr guten bis sehr mäßigen Windverhältnissen in der Reihenfolge Dornum (norddeutsche Küste), Senftenberg (Lausitz) und Ludwigshafen (Rheingraben).
Predictors of developing renal dysfunction following diagnosis of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: McDonald Malcolm L. , Manla Yosef , Sonnino Alice , Alonso Mileydis , Neicheril Radhika K. , Sanchez Alejandro , Lafave Gabrielle , Armas Yelenis Seijo De , Camargo Antonio Lewis , Uppal Dipan , Handa Armaan , Wolinsky David , Rivera Nina Thakkar , Velez Mauricio , Baran David A. , Estep Jerry D. , Snipelisky David
Published: June 2024

Background

In patients with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR‐CA), renal dysfunction is a poor prognostic indicator. Limited data are available on variables that portend worsening renal function (wRF) among ATTR‐CA patients.

Objectives

This study assesses which characteristics place patients at higher risk for the development of wRF (defined as a drop of ≥10% in glomerular filtration rate [GFR]) within the first year following diagnosis of ATTR‐CA.

Methods

We included patients with ATTR‐CA (n = 134) evaluated between 2/2016 and 12/2022 and followed for up to 1 year at our amyloid clinic. Patients were stratified into two groups: a group with maintained renal function (mRF) and a group with wRF and compared using appropriate testing. Significant variables in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression model to determine characteristics associated with wRF.

Results

Within a follow‐up period of 326 ± 118 days, the median GFR% change measured −6% [−18%, +8]. About 41.8% (n = 56) had wRF, while the remainder had mRF. In addition, in patients with no prior history of chronic kidney disease (CKD), 25.5% developed de novo CKD. On multivariable logistic regression, only New York Heart Association (NYHA) class ≥III (odds ratio [OR]: 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.6–9.3]), history of ischemic heart disease (IHD) (OR: 0.3, 95% CI: [0.1–0.7]), and not receiving SGLT‐2i (OR: 0.1, 95% CI: [0.02–0.5]) were significant predictors of wRF.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that the development of de novo renal dysfunction or wRF is common following the diagnosis of ATTR‐CA. Additionally, we identified worse NYHA class and no prior history of IHD as significant predictors associated with developing wRF, while receiving SGLT‐2i therapy appeared to be protective in this population.
The relationship between ambulatory arterial stiffness index and incident atrial fibrillation
Authors: Boos Christopher J. , Hein Aung , Wardill Tom , Diamondali Sadaf , Wai Su , O'Kane Peter , Khattab Ahmed
Published: June 2024

Background

The ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) is an indirect measure of blood pressure variability and arterial stiffness which are atrial fibrillation (AF) risk factors. The relationship between AASI and AF development has not been previously investigated and was the primary aim of this study.

Methods

This was an observational cohort study of adults (aged 18–85 years) in sinus rhythm, who underwent 24‐h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) for the diagnosis of hypertension or its control.

Results

Eight hundred and twenty‐one patients (49% men) aged 58.7 ± 15.3 years were followed up for a median of 4.0 years (3317 patient‐years). In total, 75 patients (9.1%) developed ≥1 AF episode during follow‐up. The mean AASI was 0.46 ± 0.17 (median 0.46). AASI values (0.52 ± 0.16 vs. 0.45 ± 0.17; p < .001) and the proportion of AASI values above the median (65.3% vs. 48.4%; p = .005) were greater among the patients who developed AF versus those that did not respectively. AASI significantly correlated with age (r = .49; 95% confidence interval: 0.44–0.54: p < .001). On Kaplan–Meier analysis, higher baseline AASI by median, tertiles, and quartiles were all significantly associated with AF development (X2: 10.13; p < .001). On Cox regression analyses, both a 1‐standard deviation increase and AASI > median were independent predictors of AF, but this relationship was no longer significant when age was included in the model.

Conclusions

AASI is an independent predictor of AF development. However, this relationship becomes insignificant after adjustment for age which is higher correlated with AASI.
Single molecule visualization of tropomyosin isoform organization in the mammalian actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Cagigas Maria L. , Ariotti Nicholas , Hook Jeff , Rae James , Parton Robert G. , Bryce Nicole S. , Gunning Peter W. , Hardeman Edna C.
Published: June 2024

The actin cytoskeleton is composed of both branched and unbranched actin filaments. In mammals, the unbranched actin filaments are primarily copolymers of actin and tropomyosin. Biochemical and imaging studies indicate that different tropomyosin isoforms are segregated to different actin filament populations in cells and tissues, providing isoform‐specific functionality to the actin filament. Intrinsic to this model is the prediction that single‐molecule imaging of tropomyosin isoforms would confirm homopolymer formation along the length of single actin filaments, a knowledge gap that remains unaddressed in the cellular environment. We combined chemical labeling of genetically engineered tropomyosin isoforms with electron tomography to locate individual tropomyosin molecules in fibroblasts. We find that the organization of two non‐muscle tropomyosins, Tpm3.1 with Tpm4.2, can be distinguished from each other using light and electron microscopy. Visualization of single tropomyosin molecules associated with actin filaments supports the hypothesis that tropomyosins form continuous homopolymers, instead of heteropolymers, in the presence of all physiologically native actin‐binding proteins. This is true for both isoforms tested. Furthermore, the data suggest that the tropomyosin molecules on one side of an actin filament may not be in register with those on the opposite side, indicating that each tropomyosin polymer may assembly independently.
Electrochemical Characteristics of Lignin in CTMP for Paper Battery Electrodes
Authors: Isacsson Patrik , Björk Elisabeth , Capanema Ewellyn , Granberg Hjalmar , Engquist Isak
Published: June 2024

Lignin has been extensively researched as a cathode active material in secondary batteries. In the present work, the energy storage potential of lignin naturally present in papers made of softwood chemi‐thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) is explored. More specifically, effects from softwood CTMP fines on the electrochemical characteristics have been studied. Compared to pulp fibers, fines are higher in lignin content and have higher specific surface area. It was expected that this would be positive for the electrode performance; however, the result points to the opposite. The fines do not significantly contribute to a higher lignin specific capacity, and they deteriorate the cycling stability. Higher fines content was found to result in a higher oxidative activity as well as more abundant competing reactions. These competing reactions are believed to be linked to the cycle stability. Therefore, we hypothesize that the electrochemical stability of lignin can be better understood by studying differences between fines and fiber lignin. As the theoretical specific capacity of this material is about 20 times larger than obtained here, identification of the reasons for this capacity discrepancy is needed to realize the full potential of lignin‐based paper batteries.
An Ester‐Functionalized Bidentate Titanium‐based Metal–Organic Framework with Visible‐Light Enhanced Activity for CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Xu Shiwen , Gao Wenqian , Lu Jun , Liang Xiaolong , Xu Ke , Liang Jing , Li Fei , Liu Jinxuan
Published: June 2024

The limited visible light response is a critical drawback that hampers the photocatalytic efficacy of Ti‐MOFs. However, study concerning the enhancement of the visible‐light response of Ti‐MOFs is still in its nascent stage. In this study, we employ the ‘dual‐ligand decrystallization strategy’ to manipulate the electronic environment of Ti4+, leading to the synthesis of three ester‐functionalized bidentate Ti‐MOFs with enhanced visible light response. Our findings reveal that this approach not only reduces the bandgap of Ti‐MOFs but also enhances their photocatalytic activity for carbon dioxide reduction. Specifically, compared to the bandgap of Ti‐BPDC at 2.98 eV, the bandgap of Ti‐BPDC‐CA 1 : 2 has been reduced to 2.14 eV. Moreover, Ti‐BPDC‐CA 1 : 2 exhibits extraordinary photocatalytic activity with the formic acid (HCOOH) production rate of 617 μmol g−1 h−1 with over 99.5 % selectivity, which is 3.47 times higher than that of Ti‐BPDC. Besides providing a cost‐effective strategy for enhancing the visible light response of Ti‐MOFs, our study also serves as an illustrative example for establishing the correlation between electronic structure and optical properties.
Rationally Designed S‐Scheme CeO2/g‐C3N4 Heterojunction for Promoting Visible Light Driven CO2 Photoreduction into Syngas
Authors: Xie Kang‐Le , Liao Ya‐Qing , Hu Jun‐Jie , Lu Kang‐Qiang , Wen He‐Rui
Published: June 2024

Exploring low‐cost visible light photocatalysts for CO2 reduction to produce proportionally adjustable syngas is of great significance for meeting the needs of green chemical industry. A S‐Scheme CeO2/g‐C3N4 (CeO2/CN) heterojunction was constructed by using a simple two‐step calcination method. During the photocatalytic CO2 reduction process, the CeO2/CN heterojunction can present a superior photocatalytic performance, and the obtained CO/H2 ratios in syngas can be regulated from 1 : 0.16 to 1 : 3.02. In addition, the CO and H2 production rate of the optimal CeO2/CN composite can reach 1169.56 and 429.12 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively. This superior photocatalytic performance is attributed to the unique S‐Scheme photogenerated charge transfer mechanism between CeO2 and CN, which facilitates rapid charge separation and migration, while retaining the excellent redox capacity of both semiconductors. Particularly, the variable valence Ce3+/Ce4+ can act as electron mediator between CeO2 and CN, which can promote electron transfer and improve the catalytic performance. This work is expected to provide a new useful reference for the rational construction of high efficiency S‐Scheme heterojunction photocatalyst, and improve the efficiency of photocatalytic reduction of CO2, promoting the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into useful fuels.
Enhancing lymphoma diagnosis on core needle biopsies: Integrating immunohistochemistry with flow cytometry
Authors: Bellesi Silvia , Schiaffini Gabriele , Contegiacomo Andrea , Maiolo Elena , Iacovelli Camilla , Malafronte Rosalia , D'Innocenzo Simone , Alma Eleonora , Bellisario Flaminia , Viscovo Marcello , Campana Fabrizia , De Filippis Alessandra , D'Alò Francesco , Larocca Luigi Maria , De Stefano Valerio , Iezzi Roberto , Hohaus Stefan
Published: June 2024

Image‐guided core needle biopsies (IG‐CNB) represent a minimally invasive approach for obtaining tissue in patients with lymphadenopathy and suspected lymphoma. Despite their utility, diagnostic challenges persist, with lower efficacy compared with excisional biopsies. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential utility of incorporation of flow cytometry (FC) alongside immunohistochemistry (IHC) when performing IG‐CNB for suspected lymphoproliferative diseases. Analyzing 170 consecutive cases, guided by ultrasound (n = 94) or computer tomography (n = 76), we employed a diagnostic algorithm, already established in our laboratory practice, utilizing three antibody cocktail‐equipped tubes tailored for defining lymphomas, particularly those of B‐cell origin. FC expedited the diagnostic process, yielding presumptive results in 87.6% of cases within 48 h, with a positive predictive value of 98%. Addition of FC to routine IHC enhanced the diagnostic rate from 91.2% to 95.3%, reducing IG‐CNB failure rate by 45%, from 8.8% to 4.7%. This enhancement was particularly notable for deep‐seated sites and in the setting of suspected disease recurrences. Consequently, FC emerges as a valuable adjunctive tool, allowing for the improvement of diagnostic performance, with a particular focus on the ability to quantify the expression of surface markers for targeted therapies, and holding the potential to diminish the necessity for repeat excisional biopsies subsequent to IG‐CNB procedures.
A scoping review of the epidemiology and treatment of painful procedures in hospitalized neonates: What has changed in the past three decades?
Authors: Bueno Mariana , Rao Megha , Aujla Prabhlin , Victor Charles , Stevens Bonnie
Published: June 2024

Background

Care of newborns hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) includes multiple painful procedures/day. Epidemiologic studies have reported the frequency and nature of procedures and treatment interventions. However, evidence on the changing trends in the nature and frequency of neonatal pain procedures or treatments over time is absent or inconclusive. We aimed to determine the frequency and nature of painful procedures/neonate/day in the NICU.

Databases and Data Treatment

MEDLINE and Embase searches were conducted from database inception to July 2023. Studies that reported the nature and frequency of painful procedures and associated pain treatments in neonates were included. Standard inverse‐variance random‐effects meta‐analyses were used to combine studies. Heterogeneity between studies was quantified using the I2 statistic.

Results

Of 2622 unique citations, 64 full‐text articles were reviewed; 23 were included. Six additional studies identified in a previous review, and six publications from reference lists were added, resulting in 35 studies. The mean number of painful procedures/neonate/day was 7.38 (95% CI 5.60, 9.17; range <2 to 17). Although the frequency of painful procedures in more recent studies was reduced, it was not statistically significant (p = 0.16). Painful procedures were more frequent during longer observation periods. Needle‐related procedures were most common and did not change over time. Procedure‐related treatment was suboptimal and inconsistently reported.

Conclusions

Frequency of painful procedures in the NICU has shown a clinically important decrease but has not significantly changed over time. A paradigm shift moving responsibility from providers to systems in changing pain practices in the NICU is required.

Significance Statement

The decrease in the daily frequency of painful procedures in hospitalized neonates might be clinically relevant but is not yet statistically significant. Pain treatment is insufficiently documented and reported. This lack of progress in neonatal care might be a result of the complexity of defining pain and stress; inconsistencies in determining the burden of procedural pain; the influence of barriers and facilitators on practice change; and the focus on an individual rather than system responsibility for pain prevention and treatment.
Data augmentation for predictive maintenance: Synthesising aircraft landing gear datasets
Authors: Stanton Izaak , Munir Kamran , Ikram Ahsan , El‐Bakry Murad
Published: June 2024

In the aviation industry, predictive maintenance is vital to minimise Unscheduled faults and maintain the operational availability of aircraft. However, the amount of open data available for research is limited due to the proprietary nature of aircraft data. In this work, six time‐series datasets are synthesised using the DoppelGANger model trained on real Airbus datasets from landing gear systems. The synthesised datasets contain no proprietary information, but maintain the shape and patterns present in the original, making them suitable for testing novel PdM models. They can be used by researchers outside of the industry to explore a more diverse selection of aircraft systems, and the proposed methodology can be replicated by industry data scientists to synthesise and release more data to the public. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of using the DoppelGANger model from the Gretel.ai library to generate new time series data that can be used to train predictive maintenance models for industry problems. These synthetic datasets were subject to fidelity testing using six metrics. The six datasets are available on the UWE Library service.
Validity of the MoCA as a cognitive screening tool in epilepsy: Are there implications for global care and research?
Authors: Reyes Anny , Hermann Bruce P. , Prabhakaran Divya , Ferguson Lisa , Almane Dace N. , Shih Jerry J. , Iragui‐Madoz Vicente J. , Struck Aaron , Punia Vineet , Jones Jana E. , Busch Robyn M. , McDonald Carrie R.
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of a widely available cognitive screener, the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), to detect cognitive impairment in older patients (age ≥ 55) with epilepsy residing in the US, using the International Classification of Cognitive Disorders in Epilepsy (IC‐CoDE) as the gold standard.

Methods

Fifty older adults with focal epilepsy completed the MoCA and neuropsychological measures of memory, language, executive function, and processing speed/attention. The IC‐CoDE taxonomy divided participants into IC‐CoDE Impaired and Intact groups. Sensitivity and specificity across several MoCA cutoffs were examined. Spearman correlations examined relationships between the MoCA total score and clinical and demographic variables and MoCA domain scores and individual neuropsychological tests.

Results

IC‐CoDE impaired patients demonstrated significantly lower scores on the MoCA total, visuospatial/executive, naming, language, delayed recall, and orientation domain scores (Cohen's d range: 0.336–2.77). The recommended MoCA cutoff score < 26 had an overall accuracy of 72%, 88.2% sensitivity, and 63.6% specificity. A MoCA cutoff score < 24 yielded optimal sensitivity (70.6%) and specificity (78.8%), with overall accuracy of 76%. Higher MoCA total scores were associated with greater years of education (p = 0.016) and fewer antiseizure medications (p = 0.049). The MoCA memory domain was associated with several standardized measures of memory, MoCA language domain with category fluency, and MoCA abstraction domain with letter fluency.

Significance

This study provides initial validation of the MoCA as a useful screening tool for older adults with epilepsy that can be used to identify patients who may benefit from comprehensive neuropsychological testing. Further, we demonstrate that a lower cutoff (i.e., <24) better captures cognitive impairment in older adults with epilepsy than the generally recommended cutoff and provides evidence for construct overlap between MoCA domains and standard neuropsychological tests. Critically, similar efforts in other regions of the world are needed.

Plain Language Summary

The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) can be a helpful tool to screen for cognitive impairment in older adults with epilepsy. We recommend that adults 55 or older with epilepsy who score less than 24 on the MoCA are referred to a neuropsychologist for a comprehensive evaluation to assess any changes in cognitive abilities and mood.