bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Commentary on Michael King. “The Challenge of Research into Religion and Spirituality.” Journal for the Study of Spirituality 4 (2014): 106–20
Authors: Timmins Fiona , Caldeira Sílvia , Naughton Margaret , Plakas Sotirios , Koenig Harold
Published: April 2016

King’s publication based on a key note presentation at the 2014 British Association of the Study of Spirituality (BASS) conference, a well written and thought provoking paper, leads us to consider the contribution of this critique of spirituality research to contemporary debates on the topic The views expressed within the paper are important and foster debate about the validity of research in the field of spirituality and religion. However, at the same time, this debate is reminiscent of the negative responses sometimes expressed about research publications in this field. At the same time, it must be recognised that there is a view held that there is an extra yard stick required for researchers in this field, who can be subjected to much higher standards and expectations than other researchers simply because of the topic and the deep seated conflicting views that advocates and critics hold. This paper considers the merits and challenges of this paper in light of this.
Spectral Classification of the Yellow Sea and Implications for Coastal Ocean Color Remote Sensing
Authors: Ye Huping , Li Junsheng , Li Tongji , Shen Qian , Zhu Jianhua , Wang Xiaoyong , Zhang Fangfang , Zhang Jing , Zhang Bing
Published: April 2016

Remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) classification of coastal waters is a useful tool to monitor environmental processes and manage marine environmental resources. This study presents classification work for data sets that were collected in the Yellow Sea during six cruises (spring and autumn, 2003; summer and winter, 2006/2007; and spring and autumn, 2007). Specifically, we analyzed classification features of Rrs spectra and obtained spatio-temporal characteristics of reflectance and bio-optical properties in the coastal waters. Yellow Sea waters were classified into the following four typical regions based on their spatial distribution characteristics: middle of the Yellow Sea (MYS), north Yellow Sea (NYS), coastal Shandong (CS), and Jiangsu shoal (JS), and five water type categories consisting of Classes A–E were used to represent water colors from clear to very turbid. Application of this classification scheme to Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) imagery revealed seasonal variations in the data, which suggests that the water types have both significant temporal and spatial distributions. In particular, the area of Class E waters in the Jiangsu shoal tended to gradually shrink in summer and expand in winter. The spatio-temporal variability was due to the influence of various environmental factors such as currents, tidal activity, fresh water discharges, monsoon winds, and typhoons.
Impact of Aerosol Property on the Accuracy of a CO2 Retrieval Algorithm from Satellite Remote Sensing
Authors: Jung Yeonjin , Kim Jhoon , Kim Woogyung , Boesch Hartmut , Lee Hanlim , Cho Chunho , Goo Tae-Young
Published: April 2016

Based on an optimal estimation method, an algorithm was developed to retrieve the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of carbon dioxide (XCO2) using Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) channels, referred to as the Yonsei CArbon Retrieval (YCAR) algorithm. The performance of the YCAR algorithm is here examined using simulated radiance spectra, with simulations conducted using different Aerosol Optical Depths (AODs), Solar Zenith Angles (SZAs) and aerosol types over various surface types. To characterize the XCO2 retrieval algorithm, reference tests using simulated spectra were analysed through a posteriori XCO2 retrieval errors and averaging kernels. The a posteriori XCO2 retrieval errors generally increase with increasing SZA. However, errors were found to be small (<1.3 ppm) over vegetation surfaces. Column averaging kernels are generally close to unity near the surface and decrease with increasing altitude. For dust aerosol with an AOD of 0.3, the retrieval loses its sensitivity near the surface due to the influence of atmospheric scattering, with the peak of column averaging kernels at ~800 hPa. In addition, we performed a sensitivity analysis of the principal state vector elements with respect to XCO2 retrievals. The reference tests with the inherent error of the algorithm showed that overall XCO2 retrievals work reasonably well. The XCO2 retrieval errors with respect to state vector elements are shown to be <0.3 ppm. Information on aerosol optical properties is the most important factor affecting the XCO2 retrieval algorithm. Incorrect information on the aerosol type can lead to significant errors in XCO2 retrievals of up to 2.5 ppm. The XCO2 retrievals using the Thermal and Near-infrared Sensor for carbon Observation (TANSO)-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) L1B spectra were biased by 2.78 ± 1.46 ppm and 1.06 ± 0.85 ppm at the Saga and Tsukuba sites, respectively. This study provides important information regarding estimations of the effects of aerosol properties on the CO2 retrieval algorithm. An understanding of these effects can contribute to improvements in the accuracy of XCO2 retrievals, especially combined with an aerosol retrieval algorithm.
An Optimized Air-Core Coil Sensor with a Magnetic Flux Compensation Structure Suitable to the Helicopter TEM System
Authors: Chen Chen , Liu Fei , Lin Jun , Zhu Kaiguang , Wang Yanzhang
Published: April 2016

The air-core coil sensor (ACS) is widely used as a transducer to measure the variation in magnetic fields of a helicopter transient electromagnetic (TEM) system. A high periodic emitting current induces the magnetic field signal of the underground medium. However, such current also generates a high primary field signal that can affect the received signal of the ACS and even damage the receiver. To increase the dynamic range of the received signal and to protect the receiver when emitting current rises/falls, the combination of ACS with magnetic flux compensation structure (bucking coil) is necessary. Moreover, the optimized ACS, which is composed of an air-core coil and a differential pre-amplifier circuit, must be investigated to meet the requirements of the helicopter TEM system suited to rapid surveying for shallow buried metal mine in rough topography. Accordingly, two ACSs are fabricated in this study, and their performance is verified and compared inside a magnetic shielding room. Using the designed ACSs, field experiments are conducted in Baoqing County. The field experimental data show that the primary field response can be compensated when the bucking coil is placed at an appropriate point in the range of allowed shift distance beyond the center of the transmitting coil and that the damage to the receiver induced by the over-statured signal can be solved. In conclusion, a more suitable ACS is adopted and is shown to have better performance, with a mass of 2.5 kg, resultant effective area of 11.6 m2 (i.e., diameter of 0.496 m), 3 dB bandwidth of 66 kHz, signal-to-noise ratio of 4 (i.e., varying magnetic field strength of 0.2 nT/s), and normalized equivalent input noise of 3.62 nV/m2.
An Outline of Data Aggregation Security in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Boubiche Sabrina , Boubiche Djallel , Bilami Azzedine , Toral-Cruz Homero
Published: April 2016

Data aggregation processes aim to reduce the amount of exchanged data in wireless sensor networks and consequently minimize the packet overhead and optimize energy efficiency. Securing the data aggregation process is a real challenge since the aggregation nodes must access the relayed data to apply the aggregation functions. The data aggregation security problem has been widely addressed in classical homogeneous wireless sensor networks, however, most of the proposed security protocols cannot guarantee a high level of security since the sensor node resources are limited. Heterogeneous wireless sensor networks have recently emerged as a new wireless sensor network category which expands the sensor nodes’ resources and capabilities. These new kinds of WSNs have opened new research opportunities where security represents a most attractive area. Indeed, robust and high security level algorithms can be used to secure the data aggregation at the heterogeneous aggregation nodes which is impossible in classical homogeneous WSNs. Contrary to the homogeneous sensor networks, the data aggregation security problem is still not sufficiently covered and the proposed data aggregation security protocols are numberless. To address this recent research area, this paper describes the data aggregation security problem in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks and surveys a few proposed security protocols. A classification and evaluation of the existing protocols is also introduced based on the adopted data aggregation security approach.
The Characterization of Surface Acoustic Wave Devices Based on AlN-Metal Structures
Authors: Shu Lin , Peng Bin , Li Chuan , Gong Dongdong , Yang Zhengbing , Liu Xingzhao , Zhang Wanli
Published: April 2016

We report in this paper on the study of surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators based on an AlN/titanium alloy (TC4) structure. The AlN/TC4 structure with different thicknesses of AlN films was simulated, and the acoustic propagating modes were discussed. Based on the simulation results, interdigital transducers with a periodic length of 24 μm were patterned by lift-off photolithography techniques on the AlN films/TC4 structure, while the AlN film thickness was in the range 1.5–3.5 μm. The device performances in terms of quality factor (Q-factor) and electromechanical coupling coefficient (k2) were determined from the measure S11 parameters. The Q-factor and k2 were strongly dependent not only on the normalized AlN film thickness but also on the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of AlN (002) peak. The dispersion curve of the SAW phase velocity was analyzed, and the experimental results showed a good agreement with simulations. The temperature behaviors of the devices were also presented and discussed. The prepared SAW resonators based on AlN/TC4 structure have potential applications in integrated micromechanical sensing systems.
An Artificial Intelligence Approach for Gears Diagnostics in AUVs
Authors: Marichal Graciliano , Del Castillo María , López Jesús , Padrón Isidro , Artés Mariano
Published: April 2016

In this paper, an intelligent scheme for detecting incipient defects in spur gears is presented. In fact, the study has been undertaken to determine these defects in a single propeller system of a small-sized unmanned helicopter. It is important to remark that although the study focused on this particular system, the obtained results could be extended to other systems known as AUVs (Autonomous Unmanned Vehicles), where the usage of polymer gears in the vehicle transmission is frequent. Few studies have been carried out on these kinds of gears. In this paper, an experimental platform has been adapted for the study and several samples have been prepared. Moreover, several vibration signals have been measured and their time-frequency characteristics have been taken as inputs to the diagnostic system. In fact, a diagnostic system based on an artificial intelligence strategy has been devised. Furthermore, techniques based on several paradigms of the Artificial Intelligence (Neural Networks, Fuzzy systems and Genetic Algorithms) have been applied altogether in order to design an efficient fault diagnostic system. A hybrid Genetic Neuro-Fuzzy system has been developed, where it is possible, at the final stage of the learning process, to express the fault diagnostic system as a set of fuzzy rules. Several trials have been carried out and satisfactory results have been achieved.
Input vs. Output Taxation—A DSGE Approach to Modelling Resource Decoupling
Authors: Antosiewicz Marek , Lewandowski Piotr , Witajewski-Baltvilks Jan
Published: April 2016

Environmental taxes constitute a crucial instrument aimed at reducing resource use through lower production losses, resource-leaner products, and more resource-efficient production processes. In this paper we focus on material use and apply a multi-sector dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model to study two types of taxation: tax on material inputs used by industry, energy, construction, and transport sectors, and tax on output of these sectors. We allow for endogenous adoption of resource-saving technologies. We calibrate the model for the EU27 area using an IO matrix. We consider taxation introduced from 2021 and simulate its impact until 2050. We compare the taxes along their ability to induce reduction in material use and raise revenue. We also consider the effect of spending this revenue on reduction of labour taxation. We find that input and output taxation create contrasting incentives and have opposite effects on resource efficiency. The material input tax induces investment in efficiency-improving technology which, in the long term, results in GDP and employment by 15%–20% higher than in the case of a comparable output tax. We also find that using revenues to reduce taxes on labour has stronger beneficial effects for the input tax.
Revealed Preference and Effectiveness of Public Investment in Ecological River Restoration Projects: An Application of the Count Data Model
Authors: Lee Yoon , Kim Hwansuk , Hong Yongsuk
Published: April 2016

Ecological river restoration projects aim to revitalize healthy and self-sustaining river systems that can provide irreplaceable benefits to human society. Cheonggyecheon and Anyangcheon are two sites of recent river restoration projects in Korea. To assess the economic value of two rivers, count data was collected to conduct the individual travel cost method (ITCM) in this study. Five statistical models such as the Poisson, the negative binomial, the zero-truncated Poisson, the negative binomial, and negative binomial model adjusted for both truncation and endogenous stratification were used in the analysis due to the nature of count data. Empirical results showed that regressors were statistically significant and corresponded to conventional consumer theory. Since collected count data indicated over-dispersion and endogenous stratification, the adjusted Negative Binomial was selected as an optimal model to analyze the recreational value of Cheonggyecheon and Anyangcheon. Estimates of the annual economic value of two river restoration projects were approximately US $170.1 million and US $50.5 million, respectively.
Estimating the Contribution of Industry Structure Adjustment to the Carbon Intensity Target: A Case of Guangdong
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhu Bangzhu
Published: April 2016

Industry structure adjustment is an effective measure to achieve the carbon intensity target of Guangdong Province. Accurately evaluating the contribution of industry structure adjustment to the carbon intensity target is helpful for the government to implement more flexible and effective policies and measures for CO2 emissions reduction. In this paper, we attempt to evaluate the contribution of industry structure adjustment to the carbon intensity target. Firstly, we predict the gross domestic product (GDP) with scenario forecasting, industry structure with the Markov chain model, CO2 emissions with a novel correlation mode based on least squares support vector machine, and then we assess the contribution of industry structure adjustment to the carbon intensity target of Guangdong during the period of 2011–2015 under nine scenarios. The obtained results show, in the ideal scenario, that the economy will grow at a high speed and the industry structure will be significantly adjusted, and thus the carbon intensity in 2015 will decrease by 25.53% compared to that in 2010, which will make a 130.94% contribution to the carbon intensity target. Meanwhile, in the conservative scenario, the economy will grow at a low speed and the industry structure will be slightly adjusted, and thus the carbon intensity in 2015 will decrease by 23.89% compared to that in 2010, which will make a 122.50% contribution to the carbon intensity target.
Toward Sustainability: Novelties, Areas of Learning and Innovation in Urban Agriculture
Authors: Opitz Ina , Specht Kathrin , Berges Regine , Siebert Rosemarie , Piorr Annette
Published: April 2016

Given the search for new solutions to better prepare cities for the future, in recent years, urban agriculture (UA) has gained in relevance. Within the context of UA, innovative organizational and technical approaches are generated and tested. They can be understood as novelties that begin a potential innovation process. This empirical study is based on 17 qualitative interviews in the U.S. (NYC; Philadelphia, PA, USA; Chicago, IL, USA). The aim was to identify: (i) the most relevant areas of learning and innovation; (ii) the drivers of innovation; (iii) the applied novelties and their specific approach to overcoming the perceived obstacles; (iv) the intrinsic challenges that practitioners face in the innovation process; and (v) the novelties’ potential to contribute to sustainability and societal change. As the results of the study demonstrate, learning and innovation in UA occur predominantly in four areas, namely, “financing and funding”, “production, technology and infrastructure”, “markets and demands” and “social acceptance and cultural learning”. The described novelties include approaches to enhance the positive impacts of practicing agriculture within urban areas, and some of them have the potential to contribute to societal change and open up opportunities for social learning processes.
Phytoremediation Opportunities with Alimurgic Species in Metal-Contaminated Environments
Authors: Bandiera Marianna , Dal Cortivo Cristian , Barion Giuseppe , Mosca Giuliano , Vamerali Teofilo
Published: April 2016

Alimurgic species are edible wild plants growing spontaneously as invasive weeds in natural grassland and farmed fields. Growing interest in biodiversity conservation projects suggests deeper study of the multifunctional roles they can play in metal uptake for phytoremediation and their food safety when cultivated in polluted land. In this study, the responses of the tap-rooted perennial species Cichorium intybus L., Sonchus oleracerus L., Taraxacum officinale Web., Tragopogon porrifolius L. and Rumex acetosa L. were studied in artificially-highly Cd-Co-Cu-Pb-Zn-contaminated soil in a pot-scale trial, and those of T. officinale and R. acetosa in critical open environments (i.e., landfill, ditch sediments, and sides of highly-trafficked roads). Germination was not inhibited, and all species showed appreciable growth, despite considerable increases in tissue metal rates. Substantial growth impairments were observed in C. intybus, T. officinale and T. porrifolius; R. acetosa and S. oleracerus were only marginally affected. Zn was generally well translocated and reached a high leaf concentration, especially in T. officinale (~600 mg·kg−1·dry weight, DW), a result which can be exploited for phytoremediation purposes. The elevated Cd translocation also suggested applications to phytoextraction, particularly with C. intybus, in which leaf Cd reached ~16 mg·kg−1·DW. The generally high root retention of Pb and Cu may allow their phytostabilisation in the medium-term in no-tillage systems, together with significant reductions in metal leaching compared with bare soil. In open systems, critical soil Pb and Zn were associated with heavily trafficked roadsides, although this was only seldom reflected in shoot metal accumulation. It is concluded that a community of alimurgic species can serve to establish an efficient, long-lasting vegetation cover applied for phytoremediation and reduction of soil metal movements in degraded environments. However, their food use is not recommended, since leaf Cd and Pb may exceed EU safety thresholds.
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Venoms from Russian Vipers of Pelias Group: Phospholipases A2 are the Main Venom Components
Authors: Kovalchuk Sergey , Ziganshin Rustam , Starkov Vladislav , Tsetlin Victor , Utkin Yuri
Published: April 2016

Venoms of most Russian viper species are poorly characterized. Here, by quantitative chromato-mass-spectrometry, we analyzed protein and peptide compositions of venoms from four Vipera species (V. kaznakovi, V. renardi, V. orlovi and V. nikolskii) inhabiting different regions of Russia. In all these species, the main components were phospholipases A2, their content ranging from 24% in V. orlovi to 65% in V. nikolskii. Altogether, enzyme content in venom of V. nikolskii reached ~85%. Among the non-enzymatic proteins, the most abundant were disintegrins (14%) in the V. renardi venom, C-type lectin like (12.5%) in V. kaznakovi, cysteine-rich venom proteins (12%) in V. orlovi and venom endothelial growth factors (8%) in V. nikolskii. In total, 210 proteins and 512 endogenous peptides were identified in the four viper venoms. They represented 14 snake venom protein families, most of which were found in the venoms of Vipera snakes previously. However, phospholipase B and nucleotide degrading enzymes were reported here for the first time. Compositions of V. kaznakovi and V. orlovi venoms were described for the first time and showed the greatest similarity among the four venoms studied, which probably reflected close relationship between these species within the “kaznakovi” complex.
δ-Ctenitoxin-Pn1a, a Peptide from Phoneutria nigriventer Spider Venom, Shows Antinociceptive Effect Involving Opioid and Cannabinoid Systems, in Rats
Authors: Emerich Bruna , Ferreira Renata , Cordeiro Marta , Borges Márcia , Pimenta Adriano , Figueiredo Suely , Duarte Igor , De Lima Maria
Published: April 2016

PnTx4(6-1), henceforth renamed δ-Ctenitoxin-Pn1a (δ-CNTX-Pn1a), a peptide from Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom, initially described as an insect toxin, binds to site 3 of sodium channels in nerve cord synaptosomes and slows down sodium current inactivation in isolated axons in cockroaches (Periplaneta americana). δ-CNTX-Pn1a does not cause any apparent toxicity to mice, when intracerebroventricularly injected (30 μg). In this study, we evaluated the antinociceptive effect of δ-CNTX-Pn1a in three animal pain models and investigated its mechanism of action in acute pain. In the inflammatory pain model, induced by carrageenan, δ-CNTX-Pn1a restored the nociceptive threshold of rats, when intraplantarly injected, 2 h and 30 min after carrageenan administration. Concerning the neuropathic pain model, δ-CNTX-Pn1a, when intrathecally administered, reversed the hyperalgesia evoked by sciatic nerve constriction. In the acute pain model, induced by prostaglandin E2, intrathecal administration of δ-CNTX-Pn1a caused a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect. Using antagonists of the receptors, we showed that the antinociceptive effect of δ-CNTX-Pn1a involves both the cannabinoid system, through CB1 receptors, and the opioid system, through μ and δ receptors. Our data show, for the first time, that δ-Ctenitoxin-Pn1a is able to induce antinociception in inflammatory, neuropathic and acute pain models.
Viral Evasion of Natural Killer Cell Activation
Authors: Ma Yi , Li Xiaojuan , Kuang Ersheng
Published: April 2016

Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in antiviral innate defenses because of their abilities to kill infected cells and secrete regulatory cytokines. Additionally, NK cells exhibit adaptive memory-like antigen-specific responses, which represent a novel antiviral NK cell defense mechanism. Viruses have evolved various strategies to evade the recognition and destruction by NK cells through the downregulation of the NK cell activating receptors. Here, we review the recent findings on viral evasion of NK cells via the impairment of NK cell-activating receptors and ligands, which provide new insights on the relationship between NK cells and viral actions during persistent viral infections.
Current Approaches for Diagnosis of Influenza Virus Infections in Humans
Authors: Vemula Sai , Zhao Jiangqin , Liu Jikun , Wang Xue , Biswas Santanu , Hewlett Indira
Published: April 2016

Despite significant advancement in vaccine and virus research, influenza continues to be a major public health concern. Each year in the United States of America, influenza viruses are responsible for seasonal epidemics resulting in over 200,000 hospitalizations and 30,000–50,000 deaths. Accurate and early diagnosis of influenza viral infections are critical for rapid initiation of antiviral therapy to reduce influenza related morbidity and mortality both during seasonal epidemics and pandemics. Several different approaches are currently available for diagnosis of influenza infections in humans. These include viral isolation in cell culture, immunofluorescence assays, nucleic acid amplification tests, immunochromatography-based rapid diagnostic tests, etc. Newer diagnostic approaches are being developed to overcome the limitations associated with some of the conventional detection methods. This review discusses diagnostic approaches currently available for detection of influenza viruses in humans.
Adaptive Kalman Filter Based on Adjustable Sampling Interval in Burst Detection for Water Distribution System
Authors: Choi Doo , Kim Seong-Won , Choi Min-Ah , Geem Zong
Published: April 2016

Rapid detection of bursts and leaks in water distribution systems (WDSs) can reduce the social and economic costs incurred through direct loss of water into the ground, additional energy demand for water supply, and service interruptions. Many real-time burst detection models have been developed in accordance with the use of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems and the establishment of district meter areas (DMAs). Nonetheless, no consideration has been given to how frequently a flow meter measures and transmits data for predicting breaks and leaks in pipes. This paper analyzes the effect of sampling interval when an adaptive Kalman filter is used for detecting bursts in a WDS. A new sampling algorithm is presented that adjusts the sampling interval depending on the normalized residuals of flow after filtering. The proposed algorithm is applied to a virtual sinusoidal flow curve and real DMA flow data obtained from Jeongeup city in South Korea. The simulation results prove that the self-adjusting algorithm for determining the sampling interval is efficient and maintains reasonable accuracy in burst detection. The proposed sampling method has a significant potential for water utilities to build and operate real-time DMA monitoring systems combined with smart customer metering systems.
Analysis of Best Management Practices Implementation on Water Quality Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool
Authors: Motsinger Jason , Kalita Prasanta , Bhattarai Rabin
Published: April 2016

The formation of hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico can be traced to agricultural watersheds in the Midwestern United States that are artificially drained in order to make the land suitable for agriculture. A number of best management practices (BMPs) have been introduced to improve the water quality in the region but their relative effectivenss of these BMPs in reducing nutrient load has not been properly quantified. In order to determine the BMPs useful for reducing nutrient discharge from a tile drained watershed, a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was calibrated and validated for water flow and nitrate load using experimental data from the Little Vermillion River (LVR) watershed in east-central Illinois. Then, the performance of four common BMPs (reduced tillage, cover crop, filter strip and wetlands) were evaluated. For BMPs, the usage of rye as cover crop performed the best in reducing nitrate discharge from the watershed as a single BMP, with an average annual nitrate load reduction of 54.5%. Combining no tillage and rye cover crops had varying results over the period simulated, but the average nitrate reduction was better than using rye cover crops with conventional tillage, with the average annual nitrate discharge decreased by 60.5% (an improvement of 13% over rye only).
Environmental Factors Structuring Fish Communities in Floodplain Lakes of the Undisturbed System of the Biebrza River
Authors: Glińska-Lewczuk Katarzyna , Burandt Paweł , Kujawa Roman , Kobus Szymon , Obolewski Krystian , Dunalska Julita , Grabowska Magdalena , Lew Sylwia , Chormański Jarosław
Published: April 2016

We evaluated the influence of habitat connectivity and local environmental factors on the distribution and abundance of functional fish groups in 10 floodplain lakes in the Biebrza River, northeastern Poland. Fish were sampled by electrofishing, and 15 physico-chemical parameters were recorded at three sampling sites at each lake in the period of 2011–2013. A total of 18,399 specimens, belonging to 23 species and six families, were captured. The relationships between environmental factors and fish communities were explored with the use of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Sampling sites were grouped based on fish communities using a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Along a lateral connectivity gradient from lotic to lentic habitats (parapotamic–plesiopotamic–paleopotamic), the proportions of rheophilic species were determined as 10:5:1, whereas the proportion of limnophilic species was determined as 1:2:5. The predominant species were the roach (Rutilus rutilus), and pike (Esox lucius) in parapotamic lakes, rudd (Scardinius erythropthalmus) and pike in plesiopotamic lakes, and sunbleak (Leucaspius delineates) and Prussian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) in paleopotamic lakes. The findings indicated that the composition and abundance of fish communities are determined by lake isolation gradient, physico-chemical parameters and water stage. Although intact riverine ecosystems may promote fish biodiversity, our findings suggest that lateral connectivity between the main channel and floodplain lakes is of utmost importance. Thus, the conservation of fish biodiversity requires the preservation of this connectivity.
Nouvelles dynamiques migratoires (New migration patterns)
Authors: Lassailly-Jacob Véronique
Published: April 2016

Subsaharan Africa has been a land of mobility since very old times. From the time of Independance, migrations from colonized states have known enormous change. The «migratory couples » created during the colonial period between AOF as well as AEF states and France have broken apart. Today, subsaharan Africa is included in the world migratory system even though it occupies a marginal place in the world migratory space. The aim of this article is to shed light on new migratory movements which participate in the change of the African societies belonging to the ancient colonies. First, I will present the paradoxical elements of the migratory context of the subsaharan Africa . Then I will develop four aspects of recent change in migratory movements : world extension of diasporas whose remittances and cultural models participate in the change of the areas of origin ; the new migratory frameworks linked to the restricted immigration and asylum policies of northern countries ; the growth, diversity and fragility of the labour migrations inside the continent ; and finally, the growth of forced migrations including climatic refugees.
Que reste-t-il de l'industrie après la désindustrialisation ? De la négation au patrimoine industriel. (What remains after deindustrialization ? From dereliction and denial to industrial heritage)
Authors: Edelblutte Simon
Published: April 2016

Deindustrialization is real in Western Europe and so in France. However, it's never complete, because industry is still present, first with innovative fields and second through the signs and marks let by closed factories.

Based on the idea of a progressive deindustrialization, this work aims first to identify theses signs, sometimes spectacular such as abandoned factories, more often quiet such as workers' houses. Second, this paper deals with the negation period which follows the closure of factories. This period is considered as a mourning time. Finally, it focuses about the recent and growing development in France of industrial heritage, which preserves remains of industry after the crises.
La nuit, une nouvelle question pour la géographie (Nighttime : a new topic for geography)
Authors: Challéat Samuel
Published: April 2016

Notre société occidentale entretient une relation complexe avec la nuit, espace-temps protégé des cadences diurnes qui favorise la réflexion, l'imaginaire, la création, l'écoute et le rapprochement de l'autre, tout en révélant la ségrégation, la peur, et donc la restriction. Nous mettons en regard de l'éclairage urbain des pays développés — véritable projet lumière porteur d'une symbolique forte -les coûts socioculturels, écologiques et sanitaires engendrés par la lumière artificielle. Une caractérisation de ces différents impacts de la lumière artificielle nocturne à l'aide d'outils conceptuels de l'économie de l'environnement permet de définir comme réelles pollutions les dégradations écologiques et sanitaires, et comme nuisance la diminution -voire la perte — de l'accessibilité au ciel étoilé. Nous montrons comment le bien environnemental «ciel étoilé » a été saisi par les astronomes pour porter un projet positif intégrant désormais l'environnement nocturne dans son ensemble : «Sauver la nuit ». Des oppositions à ce projet ont jalonné son histoire, mais les nécessaires économies d'énergie et les contraintes budgétaires des collectivités territoriales amènent désormais les acteurs locaux à reconsidérer avec plus d'intérêt les différentes propositions faites par les associations de «protection du ciel et de l'environnement nocturnes ». Mais la difficile efficience des mécanismes de marchandage dans le cadre du «théorème de Coase » nous amène à soutenir que la protection de ces biens publics purs, non appropriables et non marchandisables, doit être prise en charge par la puissance publique.
Le rôle structurant de l'industrie automobile dans l'émergence des nouveaux acteurs de la mondialisation. (The structuring role of the auto industry in the emergence of new actors in globalization)
Authors: Archambeau Olivier
Published: April 2016

La montée en puissance des industries automobiles des grands pays émergents a nécessité la maîtrise rapide de secteurs entiers et complexes de l'industrie et de la recherche. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, des politiques volontaristes ont été mises en place afin de combler des retards technologiques difficiles à rattraper. A travers les quatre exemples que constituent les "BRIC", nous observons comment des parcours industriels et des choix économiques bien différents ont participé à la réussite de ces acteurs importants de la mondialisation. Nous nous interrogeons également sur les capacités de ces nouvelles industries automobiles à passer, peut-être plus rapidement que prévu, de l'émergence au leadership, alors qu'apparaissent dans ce secteur très mondialisé de rapides évolutions normatives, notamment en termes de choix et de technologies énergétiques.
Le Brésil, leader de l'énergie verte. (Brazil, the Green Energy leader)
Authors: Droulers Martine
Published: April 2016

Brazil has been a pioneer in biofuels production (1975 : launch of the National Alcohol Program — Proalcool) and remains a leader in the field, helped by its huge land reserves. Ethanol, massively produced from sugarcane, has been joined by biodiesel, still less important but growing fast. Governement-sponsored R&D has reduced environmental impacts of the sector, which has attracted investment from major transnational corporations. It is mainly developed in Sâo Paulo state, where it has has given rise to many industries, as shown by the example of Sertâozinho city.
Les Portugais dans l'entourage de la duchesse de Bourgogne Isabelle de Portugal (1430-1471).
Authors: Sommé Monique
Published: April 2016

The Portuguese Familiars of the Duchess of Burgundy, Isabelle de Portugal (1430-1471).

The presence of Portuguese fellowmen, arrived with her in 1430 or later around 1450, among Isabelle de Portugal's familiar is revealed by the Burgundy accounts and the mortgage-bond entry of her mansion. The men hold offices that place them in the duchess's vicinity, they are paid regular wages and some of them are awarded a charge in her property. The maids of honour, who are also paid wages after 1445, are richly endowed and given in marriage by Isabelle, according to their rank. Jean, Jacques and Béatrice de Coïmbre, her nephews and niece who had taken refuge in Flanders, benefited from her protection and generosity, especially Béatrice, as demonstrated by her marriage contract with Adolphe de Clèves in 1453, edited in Annex.
Determining the most suitable layout of space for the loading units’ handling in the maritime port
Authors: Stopka Ondrej , Kampf Rudolf
Published: April 2016

The main advantages of maritime transport are (1) lowest costs, (2) large-scale carriage capacity, (3) carriage of different goods over long distances and (4) the most acceptable mode of transport in the context of the environment. This mode of transport is considered more profitable and more cost-effective than all other transport modes. Modern maritime ports have become the essential nodal components of freight transport networks. This paper is focused on determining the most suitable layout of space for the loading units warehousing and handling in the maritime port using the particular method. In the paper, four types of layout and five criteria were taken into account. Layout of warehousing and handling space can affect the entire transport process and can have a great effect on the economics of enterprises.
A 12-YEAR ACTIVITY CYCLE FOR THE NEARBY PLANET HOST STAR HD 219134
Authors: Johnson Marshall C. , Endl Michael , Cochran William D. , Meschiari Stefano , Robertson Paul , MacQueen Phillip J. , Brugamyer Erik J. , Caldwell Caroline , Hatzes Artie P. , Ramírez Ivan , Wittenmyer Robert A.
Published: April 2016

The nearby (6.5 pc) star HD 219134 was recently shown by Motalebi et al. and Vogt et al. to host several planets, the innermost of which is transiting. We present 27 years of radial velocity (RV) observations of this star from the McDonald Observatory Planet Search program, and 19 years of stellar activity data. We detect a long-period activity cycle measured in the Ca ii
S
HK index, with a period of 4230 ± 100 days (11.7 years), very similar to the 11 year solar activity cycle. Although the period of the Saturn-mass planet HD 219134 h is close to half that of the activity cycle, we argue that it is not an artifact due to stellar activity. We also find a significant periodicity in the S
HK data due to stellar rotation with a period of 22.8 days. This is identical to the period of planet f identified by Vogt et al., suggesting that this RV signal might be caused by rotational modulation of stellar activity rather than a planet. Analysis of our RVs allows us to detect the long-period planet HD 219134 h and the transiting super-Earth HD 219134 b. Finally, we use our long time baseline to constrain the presence of longer period planets in the system, excluding to

1
σ

objects with

M
sin
i
>
0.36

M

J

at 12 years (corresponding to the orbital period of Jupiter) and

M
sin
i
>
0.72

M

J

at a period of 16.4 years (assuming a circular orbit for an outer companion).
AN ADVANCED LEAKAGE SCHEME FOR NEUTRINO TREATMENT IN ASTROPHYSICAL SIMULATIONS
Authors: Perego A. , Cabezón R. M. , Käppeli R.
Published: April 2016

We present an Advanced Spectral Leakage (ASL) scheme to model neutrinos in the context of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) and compact binary mergers. Based on previous gray leakage schemes, the ASL scheme computes the neutrino cooling rates by interpolating local production and diffusion rates (relevant in optically thin and thick regimes, respectively) separately for discretized values of the neutrino energy. Neutrino trapped components are also modeled, based on equilibrium and timescale arguments. The better accuracy achieved by the spectral treatment allows a more reliable computation of neutrino heating rates in optically thin conditions. The scheme has been calibrated and tested against Boltzmann transport in the context of Newtonian spherically symmetric models of CCSNe. ASL shows a very good qualitative and a partial quantitative agreement for key quantities from collapse to a few hundreds of milliseconds after core bounce. We have proved the adaptability and flexibility of our ASL scheme, coupling it to an axisymmetric Eulerian and to a three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics code to simulate core collapse. Therefore, the neutrino treatment presented here is ideal for large parameter-space explorations, parametric studies, high-resolution tests, code developments, and long-term modeling of asymmetric configurations, where more detailed neutrino treatments are not available or are currently computationally too expensive.
Côte d’Ivoire, un islam d’expression française à la fois tangible et restreint
Authors: Miran-Guyon Marie , Oyewolé Nurudine
Published: April 2016

L’article étudie l’évolution des formes de l’islam d’expression française en Côte d’Ivoire depuis leur émergence dans les années 1970, et leur expansion sur les quinze dernières années. Il pose l’hypothèse heuristique d’un islam francophone à double entente, dans la mesure où il apparaît à la fois tangible par sa visibilité croissante notamment dans l’espace public et simultanément restreint par certaines contraintes qui en limitent l’usage dans divers contextes locaux, intimes et écrits. Pour cerner ces ambivalences, l’approche méthodologique privilégie les questionnements sur les analyses catégoriques et une démarche éclatée plutôt que synthétique. Pour enrichir et nuancer les propos, elle confronte aussi le regard d’un militant et intellectuel musulman ivoirien et celui d’une chercheuse en sciences sociales.
La rue parisienne au xix e siècle : standardisation et contrôle ?
Authors: Barles Sabine
Published: April 2016

Au xix e siècle, la voirie parisienne est profondément transformée par les deux préfectures qui en assurent la gestion, de Police et de la Seine, mais aussi par la diversification des véhicules et l’intensification de la circulation qui viennent ajouter à l’encombrement chronique de l’espace public. La reconfiguration du réseau viaire – rues plus larges, plus lisses, revêtues, dotées de trottoirs, éclairées, débarrassées des activités jugées inutiles – est associée au développement d’une réglementation pléthorique visant à encadrer les usages de la rue et à organiser le torrent circulatoire. Cependant, la rue et ses usagers résistent à cette standardisation et à cette mise en ordre : la rue demeure très animée, parfois violente, toujours bruyante.
Penser et dire la race à l’extrême droite (France-Italie, 1960-1967)
Authors: Picco Pauline
Published: April 2016

Dans les années 1960, Italiens et Français d’extrême droite se refusent à accepter l’émancipation des peuples colonisés. Les revues Défense de l’Occident , Europe-Action et Ordine Nuovo contribuent ainsi, par leurs échanges suivis, à la résurgence d’une réflexion théorique sur le racisme, nourrie d’un anticommunisme viscéral, dans un contexte postcolonial. Elles contribuent à construire et diffuser une menace migratoire multiforme et témoignent des phénomènes de circulations et de transferts des énoncés racialisants. Le combat pour la présence blanche en Afrique prend en outre une dimension antisubversive et opérationnelle, grâce à la médiation de l’Afrique du Sud et du Portugal salazariste.
Sources, availability and uses of knowledge in enterprises in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Bernal-Torres Cesar , Thoene Ulf , Giraldo José
Published: April 2016

Purpose: The present article aims to analyse the main sources, availability, and uses of knowledge relating to enterprise performance in Bogotá, Colombia.Design/methodology/approach: This exploratory descriptive study used a survey of 919 executives and non-executives of 59 enterprises from different economic sectors in Bogotá. Information was gathered via a questionnaire elaborated by the researchers consisting of 11 closed multiple-choice questions.Findings: Results indicate that in the participant enterprises knowledge management activities do not have any emphasis either on the use of technologies or on activities relating to individuals’ behaviour as sources of competitive advantage, as occurs in North American enterprises (emphasising the intensive and effective use of technologies in their different activities), and in Japanese enterprises (emphasising the development of individuals’ potential as their competitive advantage).Research limitations/implications: It is an exploratory and descriptive study from which it is not pertinent to make generalisations of the previously described results about the whole group of enterprises in Bogotá motivating the development of new studies that allow the in-depth identification of the true role of knowledge management activities in enterprise performance.Practical implications: Contributes to the empirical knowledge of business reality and to the need for designing strategies allowing a better use of knowledge management to improve the competitive capacities of enterprises.Social implications: Contributes to the reflection on the importance of the essential differences providing sustainable competitive advantages to nations, organisations, and individuals over prolonged periods of time understanding knowledge as the strategic resource of contemporary society. Developing countries require best practices in the identification, transfer, spread, and use of knowledge management.Originality/value: Compares the theory on knowledge management with the empirical evidence of what really happens internally in enterprises in developing countries with respect to knowledge management activities as a competitive strategy.
Analysis of factors that influence the ICT adoption by SMEs in Colombia
Authors: Osorio-Gallego Carlos , Londoño-Metaute John , López-Zapata Esteban
Published: April 2016

Purpose: The objective of this article is to analyze the factors that influence the adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) by SMEs in Colombia.Design/methodology: To prove empirically these hypotheses, we administered a questionnaire to a sample of 474 SMEs in Colombia regarding the adoption of ICT and independent variables identified in the literature. Then, we conducted a series of multiple regression models using the data we obtained.Findings: We developed a model that identifies a positive relation between new business opportunities that ICT offer and their adoption level. Likewise, this research identified that a lack of confidence in ICT's security and privacy, a perception of ICT cost-benefit unbalance have a negative impact on the implementation of these technologies.Research limitations/implications: This study has limitations that are inherent to cross-sectional research. These restrict the possibility of conducting dynamic analysis between independent and dependent variables. Likewise, the generalization of results is circumscribed to a geographical context and the type of enterprises surveyed.Practical implications: The results of this research provide valuable contributions to decision-making by SMEs' directors and to public policies that foster the implementation of ICT in SMEs based on an analysis of benefits and barriers found in this study.Originality/value: In view of a lack of empirical work that analyzes the implementation of technology in enterprises in emerging countries, this study provides a valuable contribution to the creation of knowledge when attempting to explain the implementation of ICT using a representative sample of SMEs in Colombia identifying the quantitative form of the impact of the benefits and barriers of these technologies.