bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Initial Turbidity and Coagulant Concentration to Remove Turbidity Using Moringa oleifera Seed
Authors: Kim Bong Min , Lee Hee Yun , Ahn Johng-Hwa
Published: March 2020

Objective:Coagulation of Moringa oleifera seeds was studied to determine the optimal conditions in treating a turbid water.Method:Jar-test experiments were performed at various rapid mixing (90-250 rpm; 1-2 min), slow mixing (10-60 rpm; 10-50 min), initial turbidity (100-500 NTU), coagulant doses (200-1,500 mg/L), and pH (2-12) in synthetic wastewater. Response surface analysis was used to optimize the coagulation in jar-test experiments.Results and Discussion:The optimal conditions for turbidity removal with M. oleifera were 200 rpm of rapid-mixing speed for 1 min, 40 rpm of slow-mixing speed for 20 min, and pH 8. The coagulation efficiency was found to be dependent on initial turbidity of water samples. Highest turbidity removals (96.5%) were obtained for water with very high initial turbidity (500 NTU). The effects of initial turbidity and coagulant dose were successfully analyzed by the response surface analysis. Within the design boundaries, turbidity removal was more sensitive to changes in initial turbidity than to changes in coagulant dose.Conclusions:The quadratic model between initial turbidity and coagulant for turbidity removal was shown. M. oleifera can be used as a potential coagulant especially for high turbidity water.
Does Child Marriage Matter for Growth?
Authors: Mitra Pritha , Pondi Endengle Eric M. , Pant Malika , Almeida Luiz
Published: March 2020

Global attention to ending child marriage and its socio-economic consequences is gaining momentum. Ending child marriage is not only critical from a development perspective but it also has important economic implications. This paper is the first to quantify the relationship between child marriage and economic growth. Applying a simultaneous equations model, the analysis shows that eliminating child marriage would significantly improve economic growth—if child marriage were ended today, long-term annual per capita real GDP growth in emerging and developing countries would increase by 1.05 percentage points. The results also provide insights on policy prioritization in developing comprehensive strategies to end child marriage. For example, the strong interdependent relationship between education and child marriage suggests that education policies and the budgets that support them should place greater emphasis on reducing child marriage.
Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Published: March 2020

Selected Issues
Can high-resolution GCMs reach the level of information provided by 12–50 km CORDEX RCMs in terms of daily precipitation distribution?
Authors: Demory Marie-Estelle , Berthou Ségolène , Sørland Silje L. , Roberts Malcolm J. , Beyerle Urs , Seddon Jon , Haarsma Rein , Schär Christoph , Christensen Ole B. , Fealy Rowan , Fernandez Jesus , Nikulin Grigory , Peano Daniele , Putrasahan Dian , Roberts Christopher D. , Steger Christian , Teichmann Claas , Vautard Robert
Published: March 2020

Abstract. In this study, we perform an evaluation of PRIMAVERA high-resolution (25–50 km) Global Climate Models (GCMs) relative to CORDEX Regional Climate Models (RCMs) over Europe (12–50 km resolutions). It is the first time such assessment is performed for regional climate information using ensembles of GCMs and RCMs at similar horizontal resolutions. We perform this exercise for the distribution of daily precipitation contributions to rainfall bins over Europe under current climate conditions. Both ensembles are evaluated against high quality national gridded observations in terms of resolution and station density. We show that PRIMAVERA GCMs simulate very similar distribution to CORDEX RCMs that CMIP5 cannot because of their coarse resolutions. PRIMAVERA and CORDEX ensembles generally show similar strengths and weaknesses. They are of good quality in summer and autumn in most European regions, but tend to overestimate precipitation in winter and spring. PRIMAVERA show improvements in the latter bias by reducing mid-rain rate biases in Central and Eastern Europe. Moreover, CORDEX simulate less light rainfall than PRIMAVERA in most regions and seasons, which improves this common GCM bias. Finally, PRIMAVERA simulate less heavy precipitation than CORDEX in most regions and seasons, especially in summer. PRIMAVERA appear to be closer to observations. However, when we apply an averaged precipitation undercatch error of 20 %, CORDEX become closer to these synthetic datasets. Considering 50 km resolution GCM or RCM datasets over Europe results in large benefits compared to CMIP5 models for impact studies at the regional scale. The effect of increasing resolution from 50 km to 12 km in CORDEX simulations is, in comparison, small in most regions and seasons outside mountainous regions (due to the importance of orography) and coastal regions (mostly depending on the resolution of the land-sea contrast). Now that GCMs are able to reach the level of information provided by CORDEX RCMs run at similar resolutions, there is an opportunity to better coordinate GCM and RCM simulations for future model intercomparison projects.
Dancing while Aging: A Study on Benefits of Ballet for Older Women
Authors: Pines Rachyl , Giles Howard
Published: March 2020

As people age, experiences of depression, loneliness and loss of physical capabilities can emerge. As with previous work on the benefits of music as an intervention for social belonging and valued social identity, dance may increase similar feelings. Although theoretical chapters have been written on dance as it relates to social identity, belonging, and health, little empirical work has been conducted on the benefits of ballet as a recreational activity for older adults. The study reported here is framed by the “communication ecology model of successful aging,” and modestly embellishes this framework based on this study’s findings. Using interviews from 24 American female recreational ballet dancers ranging in age from 23-87 in a small West Coast town, this study investigates, for the first time, how ballet is incorporated into their self-concept and physical, mental, and social experiences of aging. Findings indicate that participating regularly in ballet is a core aspect of most women’s self-concept and means of self-expression. All women discussed how ballet has improved their physical and mental wellness, helping them have a more positive experience of age-related changes. Results showed that most women regard ballet as a very social activity, such that it helps them to feel a sense of community or even kin-like relationships with the other people regularly in class. All women interviewed mentioned that ballet is so integrated into who they are that it is something they hope to do for as long as possible.
Caring through Sound and Silence: Technology and the Sound of Everyday Life in Homes for the Elderly
Authors: Greubel Carla
Published: March 2020

Literature on sounds inside institutions has shown that sounds are indispensable to the working of hospitals, schools, prisons, and other institutional environments. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in three eldercare homes in Germany this article suggests that the more permanent care context of institutional homes for the elderly compared to a hospital setting is decisive for people’s interpretation of and engagement with sounds. This is true at multiple levels, such as “monitory listening,” the use of “music as a technology of self,” or sounds as a tool of care. In fact, in this long-term care context even silences prompt action. Based on their experience with individual residents, for example, caregivers can direct their monitory listening not only to existing sounds, but also to the silence of expected but absent sounds. Throughout the article, additional consideration is given to the role of the technologies that produce the sounds, showing how in their design and functioning they shape, complement or prevent people’s attention to sound and silence. Finally, I propose that research is needed that goes beyond an understanding of silence as a healing environment for the vulnerable and sick and instead attends to the complexity of this acoustic event within the context of eldercare homes.
Book Review: Family Caregiving in Aging Populations
Authors: Smith Valerie J
Published: March 2020

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Entre o Treinamento e a Criação
Authors: Perez Daniel Alberti
Published: March 2020

Confrontando alguns conceitos de Januzelli e Grotowski, esse artigo busca uma reflexão sobre o trabalho do ator/performer e a compreensão de algumas particularidades e diferenças entre o treinamento e a criação no teatro.
Andança Kalunga
Authors: Neves Vanusa Nogueira , Silva Renata de Lima
Published: March 2020

Resumo

 

O presente artigo é um relato de experiência da vivência de uma catadora/contadora de histórias em território kalunga. Do encontro com mulheres kalungas das comunidades do Engenho II, Riachão e Vão de Almas, surge o encantamento por suas  “narrativas pessoais”. A andança kalunga que se configurara como o dispositivo da investigação de mestrado em Performances Culturais sobre as narrativas e performances de mulheres kalunga, mais especificamente da Comunidade Riachão. A poetnografia e experiência em campo A experiência em campo é compreendida, analisada e descrita do ponto de vista de uma vivência sensível, permeada por afetos e encantamento que não ignoram as adversidades vividas pelo Povo kalunga em seu histórico de luta e resistência. Vanusa Nogueira, com a personagem Glorinha Fulustreka, saem contando, catando e (re)inventando histórias como forma de se permitir ouvir, ver e compreender, na perspectiva dos estudos da performance, a poética da alteridade, expressas na cultura e identificações kalunga. Perceber e se deixar afetar por esse contexto é também o processo de criação da contadora de histórias Glorinha Fulustreka, que por meio das poetnografias, devolverá às comunidades suas próprias histórias.

Palavras-chave: Povo kalunga. Contação de histórias. Narrativas.
AS CORES DO SOLO COMO PARÂMETRO PARA DELIMITAÇÃO DO AMBIENTE DE UMA VEREDA
Authors: Barbosa Glauber Stefan , Maltoni Katia Luciene , Panosso Alan Rodrigo
Published: March 2020

As veredas estão dispostas na paisagem em áreas rebaixadas e alagadiças, que contribuem para regular o ciclo hidrológico de abastecimento dos cursos d’água. Constituem áreas caracterizadas por drenagens superficiais e povoadas por renques de Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), palmeira típica destes ambientes. Seus solos apresentam indicativos de condições pedoambientais relacionadas a processos de intensa redução do Fe, comum em áreas alagadiças. O objetivo deste trabalho visou avaliar a utilização de parâmetros como cor do solo, associado a dados de extração de ferro com dithionito (FeDCB), como indicador para delimitação das áreas de abrangência de uma vereda, produzindo subsídios à adequação da área de preservação permanente no entorno deste e como indicação para delimitação de solos sob influência da água. Os resultados indicaram que as cores GLEY 1 valor 5 a 8 e cromas N e 10Y, 5Y com valor e croma variando entre 5/1, 6/1, 7/1 e 7/2, podem ser utilizadas para delimitação do pedoambiente das veredas ou ambientes que indicam a ocorrência de solos em formação Hidromórfica, gleizados e/ou mal drenados, bem como que possuam 330 mg kg-1 de ferro livre.
ORDENAMENTO DO TERRITÓRIO E A COMPENSAÇÃO AMBIENTAL FEDERAL: GÊNESE, OPERACIONALIZAÇÃO E EMBATES JURÍDICOS
Authors: Fonseca Rafael Oliveira
Published: March 2020

A temática ambiental não deve ser compreendida como simples resultante do vínculo entre o Homem e a natureza, mas como um componente das relações humanas e um objeto econômico, político e cultural. Um dos instrumentos de política pública que está diretamente inserido nesta complexa e dinâmica temática contemporânea é a Compensação Ambiental (CA). O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a execução da CA Federal com ênfase para sua operacionalização com base na legislação vigente, destacando sua gênese, sua metodologia de cálculo, bem como os elementos que envolvem a constante judicialização do instrumento. Logicamente realçando seu potencial como um instrumento de política pública em influenciar no ordenamento do território, particularmente ante o viés ambiental, em um cenário envolto pelos interesses e poderes de vários atores. Assim, no primeiro momento apresenta-se uma abordagem acerca de sua definição e sua gênese, logo após destaca-se a sua operacionalização e metodologia de cálculo; finalizando com as questões que envolvem a constante judicialização do instrumento ressaltando as pequenas, mas relevantes atualizações jurídicas que ocorreram recentemente. Por fim, as considerações finais enfatizam as principais ideias abordadas, bem como apresenta algumas possibilidades para o futuro da CAF no Brasil.
GOIÁS E SUAS SUB-REGIÕES CANAVIEIRAS: ANÁLISE DOS PERÍODOS RECENTES E ATUAL (1975-2019)
Authors: Sampaio Mateus de Almeida Prado
Published: March 2020

O artigo analisa o processo de expansão da canavicultura em Goiás, Centro-Oeste do Brasil. É feito um resgate do histórico recente, de modo periodizado, indicando-se as principais fases da implantação em grande escala desta lavoura em solos goianos: 1975-1990, 1991-2002 e 2003-2019. Conclui-se que a produção sucroenergética goiana volta-se, sobretudo, para o mercado doméstico de etanol, açúcar e eletricidade. A metodologia de pesquisa abrangeu revisão bibliográfica teórica e específica, coleta e análise de dados, elaboração de cartografia temática, além da realização de trabalhos de campo.
Atividades avançadas de vida diária entre idosos: fatores preditores
Authors: Tavares Darlene Mara dos Santos , Lazarini Fernanda Lemos , Dias Flavia Aparecida , Marchiori Gianna Fiori , Oliveira Juliana Maciel , Rodrigues Fernanda Resende
Published: March 2020

Os objetivos deste estudo foram: Caracterizar os idosos e descrever o nível de atividade nas AAVD no primeiro e segundo momentos; Identificar a mudança entre os níveis de atividade segundo os grupos de melhora, estabilidade, piora; Identificar as AAVD interrompidas mais frequentemente no primeiro e segundo momentos; Identificar as variáveis preditoras das mudanças nos níveis de AAVD após dois anos. Trata-se de inquérito domiciliar longitudinal realizado com 353 idosos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Mini Exame de Estado Mental; caracterização dos dados socioeconômicos e morbidades; fenótipo de fragilidade de Fried; perguntas de natureza social para as AAVD. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e modelo de regressão multinomial p<0,05. Observou-se predomínio do sexo feminino com 60 a 69 anos. Na mudança de nível da AAVD prevaleceu o grupo de piora (41,1%). As AAVD interrompidas mais frequentemente foram desempenhar trabalho remunerado, seguido da ir a eventos culturais. A melhora no nível de AAVD esteve relacionada à renda individual mensal de até um salário mínimo (β=2,59), à condição de não fragilidade (β=4,93) e pré-fragilidade (β=3,21); no grupo de piora, residir só foi o único preditor (β=2,63).
Distrações e interrupções no preparo e na administração de medicamentos em unidades de internação hospitalar
Authors: Carlos Junior de Freitas Weslen , Cristina Alves Vanessa , Silva Ramos Jeferson , Rodrigues Garbis Chagas Samantha , Regina Ferreira da Mata Luciana , Carrilho Menezes Aline , Teodoro Couto Ribeiro Helen Cristiny
Published: March 2020

O objetivo foi analisar distrações e interrupções durante o preparo e a administração de medicações pela equipe de enfermagem em unidades de internação médico-cirúrgica. Estudo quantitativo, descritivo observacional não participante. Utilizou-se a técnica de observação sistemática para a coleta de dados. A duração total das observações foi de 1469 minutos. Observou-se o preparo de 342 medicações e a administração de 364 medicações. Foram identificadas 252 situações de distração, a maior parte originadas por outros profissionais, pacientes ou acompanhantes. As auto distrações ocorreram em 17,5% (n = 44) dos casos. A maioria das distrações (77,8%/n = 196) relacionou-se à conversa paralela. Já as interrupções, ocorreram em 111 momentos, sendo também motivadas por outros profissionais, pacientes ou acompanhantes. Nota-se que é importante realizar a conscientização de profissionais, pacientes e acompanhantes sobre a possibilidade de ocorrência de erros devido às distrações e interrupções no preparo e administração de medicações.
Subúrbio Molotov: criatividade e resistência punk no bairro do Meier, Rio de Janeiro, na década de 1980
Authors: Jesus Diego Santos Vieira de
Published: March 2020

O objetivo é examinar como o Meier reuniu condições para o desenvolvimento e a reinvenção do punk carioca no início da década de 1980. O argumento central aponta que, num contexto de entendimento do subúrbio carioca enquanto espaço de releituras criativas de gêneros artísticos nacionais e estrangeiros e de reinvenção dos próprios locais com a redemocratização brasileira, o Meier era um bairro de fácil acesso por jovens que moravam no subúrbio e possuía um local fechado específico que permitia a esses jovens socializarem com outros que tinham os mesmos interesses musicais e as mesmas críticas ao sistema político-econômico e sociocultural, visto por eles como opressor. Apropriando-se da estética e do comportamento rebeldes mas não da violência e os adaptando no processo de reinvenção do punk nacional e carioca, a atuação de bandas punk no Meier – em particular o Coquetel Molotov – serviu de estímulo para a criação de outras bandas que se identificavam com o gênero musical e atraiu jovens que não só adotavam a contestação nas formas de vestir e de agir, mas manifestavam sua crítica à situação de precariedade material em que viviam no Meier e em outros bairros da cidade e do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
Survey of Intelligent Recommendation of Academic Information in University Libraries Based on Situational Perception Method
Authors: Liu Yan
Published: March 2020

Based on the context-aware environment, in this paper, the adaptive interest models are reviewed. And the academic information intelligent recommendation systems of university libraries are presented based on the situational awareness-related theory method, where the current situation and trend of situational awareness-related theory and service of intelligent recommendation systems are investigated. Meanwhile, the potential research directions, basic ideas and methods are also presented. The adaptive model and architecture of the academic information recommendation system are built based on situational awareness, and the collaborative filtering information recommendation algorithm is studied based on spatial-temporal similarity relationship to obtain the interest of scientific and technological scholars. Combining with the adaptive interest model, an academic information demand model is established. On this basis, the prototype system of academic information recommendation is further studied to realize personalized recommendation of academic information based on the situational perception. This paper will provide effective solutions to the digital resources service of university libraries and the academic information recommendation needs of scientific and technological scholars.
Aplicação de Mineração de Dados para Predição de Mortalidade em UTI: balanceamento, dados ausentes e classificadores
Authors: Barreto Jorge S. A .M. , Loula Angelo C.
Published: March 2020

Escores de severidade fornecem um índice consolidado do estado de saúde do paciente na UTI. Estes escores são baseados em modelos lineares e em análises das variáveis isoladamente. Trabalhos prévios aplicaram mineração de dados para indução de modelos mais complexos de predição, mas não se aprofundaram na análise do desbalanceamento de classes e tratamento dos dados ausentes. Este trabalho analisou técnicas de balanceamento e imputação de valores, em conjunto com modelos de classificação de Random Forest (RF), Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) e Regressão Logística (RL). Como resultado a RF obteve o melhor desempenho, com a AUC média de 0.7840.006, sensibilidade de 0.7380.002 e especificidade de 0.7000.003 com valores ausentes substituídos por valores padrões e treinada com a base com sub-amostragem NCL.
Aplicação de Ontologias de Proveniência em Workflows Científicos: um Mapeamento Sistemático
Authors: Dias Luiz Gustavo , Lopes Bruno , De Oliveira Daniel
Published: March 2020

Experimentos científicos modelados como workflows são executados por complexos mecanismos chamados de Sistemas de Gerência de Workflows (SGWf). Existem diversos SGWfs com seus prós e contras, porém todos compartilham diversas características como por exemplo, a necessidade de fornecer apoio para os cientistas analisarem seus dados. Os dados de proveniência tem um papel importante no fornecimento das informações necessárias em diferentes etapas experimentais. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo mapear e caracterizar abordagens que utilizam uma das quatro ontologias de proveniência selecionadas, analisando fatores como adequabilidade, requisitos de execução e arquitetura. Após o estudo, percebeu-se que as ontologias de proveniência podem ser aplicadas em diferentes etapas do ciclo de vida do workflow científico, mas principalmente na fase de análise.
Animal Models of Zika Virus Sexual Transmission
Authors: K. Campos Rafael , M. McDonald Erin , C. Brault Aaron , L. Rossi Shannan
Published: March 2020

ZIKV was first identified in the 1940s as a mosquito-borne virus; however, sexual transmission, which is uncommon for arboviruses, was demonstrated more than 60 years later. Tissue culture and animal models have allowed scientists to study how this transmission is possible. Immunocompromised mice infected with ZIKV had high viral loads in their testes, and infection of immunocompetent female mice was achieved following intravaginal inoculation or inoculation via mating with an infected male. These mouse studies lead researchers to investigate the individual components of the male reproductive system. In cell culture and mouse models, ZIKV can persist in Sertoli and germ cells of the testes and epithelial cells in the epididymis, which may lead to sexual transmission even after ZIKV has been cleared from other tissues. ZIKV has also been studied in nonhuman primates (NHPs), which appears to mimic the limited human epidemiological data, with low rates of symptomatic individuals and similar clinical signs. Although refinement is needed, these animal models have proven to be key in ZIKV research and continue to help uncovering the mechanisms of sexual transmission. This review will focus on the animal models used to elucidate the mechanisms of sexual transmission and persistence of flaviviruses.
Taking root: Librarians help new Forestry students create a learning community
Authors: Lopez Erica , Oswald Tina
Published: March 2020

Librarians have studied and discussed library anxiety ever since Constance Mellon coined the term in 1986. While it may be challenging for librarians to imagine any anxiety about coming into a library and using the available resources, students experience a multitude of stressors as they embark on their college journey. Many are taking college-level courses for the first time. Some might have a roommate they know, or not. (Sometimes the ones you know are a bigger problem than the ones you do not.) Some may be juggling a full course load with work or family responsibilities. Many are on their own for the first time in their lives. The library may be a draw for some as a place to study or explore in this new environment. However, getting up the nerve to step outside of what is known, and inside somewhere new, can be quite intimidating.
Critical appraisal: The key to unlocking information literacy in the STEM disciplines
Authors: Mercer Kathryn , Weaver Kari D. , Figueiredo Rachel , Carter Caitlin
Published: March 2020

Science is an essential social institution and a building block in advancing human societies. At the core of scientific discovery and problem solving is innovation to improve the human condition, within and beyond the institutions of higher education that shape scientific minds. Research in any field, beginning in undergraduate education, is fundamentally about information—finding, understanding, generating, discussing, influencing, contradicting, contextualizing, disproving, and communicating it; the ability to do so generally referred to as information literacy. Parallel to this, everyday life increasingly requires navigating an overwhelming amount of complex scientific information, and misinformation.
Career Conversations: Progressive Discipline the Right Way
Authors: Leonard Elizabeth
Published: March 2020

Personnel actions are among managers’ least favorite job duties. If you talk to librarians, you will find few who enjoy the stress, tension, and confrontation engendered by corrective actions that can become as much about interpersonal conflict as the job itself. Many managers also fear failing—that the corrective action will not succeed in correcting the issue, or worse, that the employee will somehow twist the action and win, removing the supervisor’s authority and control of the situation. In some instances, when the employee requiring discipline is popular among co-workers, managers dread being labeled as cruel, tarnishing the positive relationships they have with other employees, or inciting fear among them.
Readers' Advisory: Past is Prologue: Science Fiction and Ways of Working
Authors: Speace Gillian
Published: March 2020

This issue welcomes Neal Wyatt, joining Laurie Tarulli as coeditor of the Readers’ Advisory column. With her arrival we introduce an occasional series exploring genre and format. For our first foray, Gillian Speace, Readers’ Advisory Librarian, NoveList, provides a guided tour of the reoccurring themes of science fiction, suggesting ways advisors can use its perennial concerns to connect readers to the genre’s rich backlist as well as keep them immersed in new works—and worlds. By pairing a classic work to a new title and, conversely, a new work to a backlist staple, advisors can make full use of the collection, expand the range of titles they keep in their proverbial RA back pocket, and help readers access the full richness of the genre.—Editor
The Alert Collector: Police Use of Force
Authors: Evans Karen
Published: March 2020

High-profile news stories about excessive use of police force, often leading to a person’s death, have filled our news feeds and become a hot-button issue. Karen Evans’s column for this months’ Alert Collector highlights some of the major books on this topic that will flesh out your collection, whether you serve a criminal justice program, students needing the best sources for a pros and cons essay, or a clientele wanting the best resources to help them understand this complex issue. Evans is the librarian for the School of Criminology and Security Studies at Indiana State University. She holds a graduate degree in criminology and criminal justice, and serves as the editor for the criminal justice section of Resources for College Libraries.
Book Review: Project Management in Libraries: On Time, On Budget, On Target
Authors: Belcher Dana
Published: March 2020

Project management is not about managing projects, and Searcy’s well-written book succinctly demonstrates the difference. Searcy, a certified project management professional (PMP), states, “limited endeavors that create a unique product or service are projects” (p. 1). More formerly, “then project management must be the use of organizational resources to create a unique product or service that achieves organizational objectives” (p. 2).
Book Review: The American Middle Class: An Economic Encyclopedia of Progress and Poverty
Authors: Mross Emily
Published: March 2020

Analyzation of the middle class is a news cycle staple, but how do we define the middle class, and what does the label mean? In the expansive The American Middle Class: An Economic Encyclopedia of Progress and Poverty, a wide range of authors offer statistical categorizations, historical perspectives, and ethnographic explorations of the group that is supposed to define the American dream.
Book Review: The Himalayas: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture
Authors: Koger Grove
Published: March 2020

In his preface to The Himalayas, coeditor James A. Wren writes that “our understanding of the region is flat. It remains ill-informed—without precision or sophistication—and wildly inaccurate.” (p. xiii). This impressive new work sets out to correct the situation by taking a multifaceted approach encompassing the region’s geography, flora and fauna, linguistic and ethnic complexity, long history, frequently vexed politics, and rich cultural and religious life.
Book Review: International Cookbook of Life-Cycle Celebrations
Authors: Marien Stacey
Published: March 2020

The first edition of this book was published in 2000, under the name Multi-cultural Cookbook of Life-Cycle Celebrations. The first edition had one author, (Webb) but the new edition has added two more authors. Webb died in 2012, and the new edition is dedicated to her. The preface does not say why the new authors felt a new edition was necessary, but perhaps it was in honor of the original author. The preface does state that there are a few new recipes and a couple new countries that are covered in the second edition.
Relações morfométricas para Copaifera langsdorffii (Desf.) Kuntze na região norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Silva Caio Ferreira da , Gama Drauzio Correia , Araújo Lais Almeida , Bahia Jean Barcello Xavier , Lima Vinícius Orlandi Barbosa
Published: March 2020

Copaifera langsdorffii specie occurs throughout Brazil and is of great economic importance, mainly due to its production of oil-resin used for various pharmacological purposes. The objective of this study was to analyze the morphometric relationships in C. langsdorffii stand in northern region of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Twenty trees were randomly sampled and were measured: stem circumference at 1.3 m height, total height (Ht) and crown diameter (CD). Morphometric indices were estimated. Correlations between dendrometric and morphometric variables were obtained through the Pearson matrix. The morphometric relations of crown proportion (CP), crown area (CA), formal of crown (FC), degree of slenderness (DS), salience index (SI), coverage index (CI) and vital space (VS) presented values of 15.26%, 25.06 m², 1.47, 16.35, 21.70, 0.47 and 7.01, respectively. Strong positive correlations were found in: diameter at breast height (DBH) in relation to CD and CA; Ht with crown proportion (CP) and DS; the formal of crown (FC) with the CI and VS, and between the CI and VS. The morphometric indices made it possible to understand the few magnitude of stand variation. The species can be characterized as facilitating management.
Om forfatterne
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: March 2020

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En vellykket kommunalreform og hva' så?
Authors: Pallesen Thomas
Published: March 2020

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Library as Research Lab
Authors: Schell Justin , Sitar Meghan
Published: March 2020

Information literacy at the graduate level can happen at the intersection of research method education and mentorship into a disciplinary community of practice with its own traditions of inquiry, communication, and knowledge creation. Funded by the Institute for Museum and Library Services, the Library as Research Lab Project at the University of Michigan enables graduate students, academic librarians, and information science faculty to engage in a series of research activities together, illuminating tacit knowledge in information studies and librarianship, both as a discipline and as a profession.

In the project, three interconnected labs pursue authentic research questions emerging from challenges faced by the Library while providing School of Information students with mentorship, new skills, and a fellowship stipend. A common curriculum across the labs includes research ethics, publishing, project management, and current issues in higher education research. Engaging with the frames of “Research as Inquiry” and “Scholarship as Conversation” from the Association of College and Research Libraries Framework for Information Literacy in Higher Education​, students also learn how to effectively discuss, iterate upon, and present their research activities to different audiences. At the end of the fellowship, students enter the profession with an understanding of complex challenges facing libraries and with new strategies for responding to ambiguity and pursuing new solutions through research.

As we complete the final year of the grant, the librarians from the Design Thinking for Library Services Lab will reflect on lessons learned and share student perspectives as a way of discussing how similar initiatives might facilitate positive and critically engaged research projects at other institutions. Attendees will be able to describe strategies for developing similar environments in support of authentic research experiences and will be able to apply strategies documented in a mentoring handbook from the project in their own work.
From a calf’s perspective: humpback whale nursing behavior on two US feeding grounds
Authors: Tackaberry Jennifer E. , Cade David E. , Goldbogen Jeremy A. , Wiley David N. , Friedlaender Ari S. , Stimpert Alison K.
Published: March 2020

Nursing influences growth rate and overall health of mammals; however, the behavior is difficult to study in wild cetaceans because it occurs below the surface and can thus be misidentified from surface observations. Nursing has been observed in humpback whales on the breeding and calving grounds, but the behavior remains unstudied on the feeding grounds. We instrumented three dependent calves (four total deployments) with combined video and 3D-accelerometer data loggers (CATS) on two United States feeding grounds to document nursing events. Two associated mothers were also tagged to determine if behavior diagnostic of nursing was evident in the mother’s movement. Animal-borne video was manually analyzed and the average duration of successful nursing events was 23 s (±7 sd,n = 11). Nursing occurred at depths between 4.1–64.4 m (along the seafloor) and in close temporal proximity to foraging events by the mothers, but could not be predicted solely by relative positions of mother and calf. When combining all calf deployments, successful nursing was documented eleven times; totaling only 0.3% of 21.0 hours of video. During nursing events, calves had higher overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) and increased fluke-stroke rate (FSR) compared to non-nursing segments (Mixed effect models, ODBA: F1,107 = 13.57756,p = 0.0004, FSR: F1,107 = 32.31018,p < 0.0001). In contrast, mothers had lower ODBA and reduced FSR during nursing events compared to non-nursing segments. These data provide the first characterization of accelerometer data of humpback whale nursing confirmed by animal-borne video tags and the first analysis of nursing events on feeding grounds. This is an important step in understanding the energetic consequences of lactation while foraging.
Let’s talk about pain catastrophizing measures: an item content analysis
Authors: Crombez Geert , De Paepe Annick L. , Veirman Elke , Eccleston Christopher , Verleysen Gregory , Van Ryckeghem Dimitri M.L.
Published: March 2020

Background

Concerns have been raised about whether self-report measures of pain catastrophizing reflect the construct as defined in the cognitive-behavioral literature. We investigated the content of these self-report measures; that is, whether items assess the construct ‘pain catastrophizing’ and not other theoretical constructs (i.e., related constructs or pain outcomes) using the discriminant content validity method.

Method

Items (n = 58) of six pain catastrophizing measures were complemented with items (n = 34) from questionnaires measuring pain-related worrying, vigilance, pain severity, distress, and disability. Via an online survey, 94 participants rated to what extent each item was relevant for assessing pain catastrophizing, defined as “to view or present pain or pain-related problems as considerably worse than they actually are” and other relevant constructs (pain-related worrying, vigilance, pain severity, distress, and disability).

Results

Data were analyzed using Bayesian hierarchical models. The results revealed that the items from pain-related worrying, vigilance, pain severity, distress, and disability questionnaires were distinctively related to their respective constructs. This was not observed for the items from the pain catastrophizing questionnaires. The content of the pain catastrophizing measures was equally well, or even better, captured by pain-related worrying or pain-related distress.

Conclusion

Based upon current findings, a recommendation may be to develop a novel pain catastrophizing questionnaire. However, we argue that pain catastrophizing cannot be assessed by self-report questionnaires. Pain catastrophizing requires contextual information, and expert judgment, which cannot be provided by self-report questionnaires. We argue for a person-centered approach, and propose to rename ‘pain catastrophizing’ measures in line with what is better measured: ‘pain-related worrying’.
Gender Differentials and Optimal Combination of Crop Enterprises under Limited Resource Conditions in South Western Nigeria: A Case Study of Cocoa-based Farming Systems
Authors: Kelani G. , Alimi T. , Amujoyegbe B. J. , Bamire A. S. , Onwuemele A. , Kehinde A. D.
Published: March 2020

This study investigated gender differentials and an optimal combination of crop enterprises in southwestern. Specifically, it described the socio-economic characteristics of households in cocoa-based farming by gender; determine enterprise combinations of households in the cocoa-based farming systems and profile gender participation in optimal farm plan activities in cocoa-based farming systems. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 200 respondents, comprising 147 males and 53 females. Data were collected on socioeconomic characteristics such as age, household size, years of schooling and year of farming experience among others. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear goal programming. Descriptive statistics show that majority of the respondents aged above 60 years comprising of 46.5% male and 2% females, married comprising of 69.5% male and 20% female, and had a household size of between 7 and 12 persons, with males accounting for 25.5% and females 12.5%. Most of the respondents had primary school education in the study area, with 73.8% male and 26.2% female. Goal ranking showed that food security; increased income; and reduced production cost are the most important goals among farmers in the cocoa-based farming system. The linear goal programming model shows that Cocoa and Banana; Cocoa, Oil Palm and Plantain and Cocoa, Maize, Cassava and Orange are the optimal enterprise combination. It further showed that farmers will incur a cost of N38, 833.56/ha on the three basic activities to achieve the stated goals. The shadow prices for the fully utilized resources were N9348, N1352 and N6.52 for land, hired labour and capital respectively. The result further showed that 67 percent of the goal components was achieved. Percentages of female-headed households in cocoa/banana, cocoa/oil palm/plantain and cocoa/maize/cassava/orange enterprises were 45%, 31% and 0% respectively. For the goals of food security, increased income and reduced farm production costs to be accomplished in the study area, farmers should produce 0.2 ha of cocoa/banana, 1.2 ha of cocoa/oil palm/plantain and 1.25 ha of cocoa/maize/cassava/orange in the study area. Also, conscious efforts should be made by policymakers to ensure gender equality in the access and use of productive farm resources.
Gis-based Analysis of Water Quality Parameters of Groundwater with Proximity to Onsite Wastes Pits in Vom Community of Jos South, Nigeria
Authors: Daffi R. E. , Alfa M. I. , Ibrahim E. S.
Published: March 2020

Water quality assessment is an important part of environmental quality management especially in groundwater resources located close to sources of contamination. This study involved the assessment of groundwater quality for hand dug wells at locations with proximity to pit latrines in Vom community, Plateau State, Nigeria and the use of GIS for data analysis. Water samples were collected from six (6) locations in a small area to assume possible interaction between the water in the sampling wells, the maximum distance between any two points being 100 m and the minimum distance being 22 m. Eleven (11) physical, bacteriological and chemical parameters were analyzed for the water samples. The results were compared with World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality standards. The chemical parameters in the samples tested met the WHO and NSDWQ limits with the exception of pH which was slightly acidic for four samples. The results also showed that E. coli was found in all the samples tested. This may be attributed to the proximity of the wells to pit latrines. The results obtained from laboratory analyses were inputted into a GIS database in ILWIS 3.8 where the variation maps were developed and also classified maps for each of the parameters based on whether they meet WHO standards or not. The classified maps were all overlaid in GIS to develop the groundwater quality information map where any point highlighted gives information on the parameters for that point. This makes the retrieval of water quality parameters easy and also the comparison of the parameters with respect to location. Treatment of the groundwater with chemicals like soda ash and chlorine are recommended before consumption. It is generally recommended that wells should not be located in close proximity to onsite underground wastes disposal pits. Government should provide sufficient potable water for the Vom Community.
Risk Factor Profiles for Individuals With Diagnosed OA and With Symptoms Indicative of OA: Findings From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Yip Calvin , Badley Elizabeth M. , Canizares Mayilee , Power J. Denise , Perruccio Anthony V.
Published: March 2020

Objective

The vast majority of published estimates of osteoarthritis (OA) burden are based on an OA diagnosis. These data are limited, as individuals often do not visit a physician until their symptoms are moderate to severe. This study compared individuals with an OA diagnosis to those with OA joint symptoms but without a diagnosis considering a number of sociodemographic and health characteristics. A further distinction was made between individuals with symptoms in one joint site and those with symptoms in multiple joint sites.

Methods

Data are from 23 186 respondents aged 45 to 85 years from the first cycle of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. A multinomial logistic regression model examined the relationship between sociodemographic‐ and health‐related characteristics and OA status (diagnosed OA, joint symptoms without OA, no OA or joint symptoms). In addition, logistic regression models assessed the relationship between OA status and usually experiencing pain and having some degree of functional limitation.

Results

Twenty‐one percent of respondents reported a diagnosis of OA, and 25% reported symptoms typical of OA but without an OA diagnosis. Other than being slightly younger, the characteristic profile of individuals with symptoms in two or more joint sites was indistinguishable from that of those with diagnosed OA.

Conclusion

It may be warranted to consider OA‐like multiple joint symptoms when deriving estimates of OA‐attributed population health and cost burden.
Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Improve Perioperative Practice
Authors: Rollon Ronald
Published: March 2020

Four decades ago, perioperative nursing transitioned from a task‐oriented and problem‐focused specialty to a patient‐centered discipline. This transition involved the incorporation of research and implementation of evidence‐based practice to improve patient care. This article discusses the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and its possible application in the perioperative practice area. There is a lack of published literature on the direct use of the TPB to describe and explain perioperative practice behaviors. Perioperative leaders and educators can use this theory to help them understand their staff members’ behaviors (eg, lack of adherence to policies for patient care activities [eg, surgical counting]). Using the model may help leaders and educators determine the intentions behind staff members’ behaviors and identify participants’ attitudes, subjective beliefs, and perceived control over their behaviors. This information should help leaders and educators implement effective strategies to improve patient safety and clinical outcomes.
Synthesis of polymer‐silica hybrid‐supported catalysts for solvent‐free oxidation of ethylbenzene with TBHP
Authors: Chaudhary Vasu , Sharma Sweta
Published: March 2020

Polymer‐silica hybrid support was synthesized, and Cu (II), Co (II), Mn (II), and Ni (II) metals were loaded over hybrid support by incipient impregnation method. Oxidation of ethylbenzene was performed for catalytic evaluation of catalysts at different reaction conditions, that is, the mole ratio of ethylbenzene to TBHP and reaction temperature. The main reaction product was acetophenone along with benzaldehyde as the minor product. The highest ethylbenzene conversion (96.5%) was attained at a 1:3 mole ratio of ethylbenzene to TBHP and temperature at 100°C. Activation energy and reusability of the catalysts were also determined, and results showed that they can be easily reused three times without much loss in their structural and catalytic properties.
Synthesis of (R)‐3‐(tert‐Butoxycarbonylamino)‐4‐(2,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)butanoic Acid, a Key Intermediate, and the Formal Synthesis of Sitagliptin Phosphate
Authors: Sreenivasulu Kurella , Chaudhari Pramod S. , Achanta Srinivas , Sud Abhishek , Dahanukar Vilas , Cobley Christopher J. , Llewellyn‐Beard Fiona , Bandichhor Rakeshwar
Published: March 2020

An alternate formal synthesis of Sitagliptin phosphate is disclosed from 2,4,5‐trifluorobenzadehyde in 8 linear steps with an overall yield of 31%. The chiral β‐amino acid moiety present in sitaglitpin is installed via an asymmetric hydrogenation followed by a stereoselective Hofmann rearrangement as the key steps. The key chiral intermediate Boc‐amino acid 1 prepared by this novel route was further converted to Sitagliptin phosphate following the known literature protocol.
Curved Phenine Normal Vectors: Geometric Measures of Geodesic Phenine Frameworks
Authors: Mio Tatsuru , Ikemoto Koki , Isobe Hiroyuki
Published: March 2020

A vector was introduced to quantitatively describe the pyramidalization of 1,3,5‐trisubstituted benzene (phenine). The vector, named curved phenine normal vector (CPNV), defined the direction of pyramidalization of the trigonal phenine panel and quantified the degree of pyramidalization. The relative orientation of the two CPNVs further defined a dihedral angle, which quantified interphenine torsions. The CPNV analysis visually showed the geometric features of nanometer‐sized molecules by revealing the important role of torsions. Biased electrostatic potentials were also correlated with CPNV pyramidalizations.