bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UTICAJ ETIČKE INTERNE KOMUNIKACIJE NA MIŠLЈENJE JAVNOG MNЈENЈA
Authors: Sretić Milena , Mirčetić Vuk , Maksimović Mlađan , Karabašević Darjan
Published: July 2019

Rad se bavi fenomenološkim proučavanjem pojma poslovna etika i usklađenošću interne komunikacije s produktivnošću organizacije i pozitivnim mišljenjem javnog mnjenja. U radu su izložena stanovišta o uticaju komunikacionih formi i relacija komunikatora u odnosu na efektivnost poslovanja. Među glavnim fokusima menadžmenta ljudskih resursa u savremenim organizacijama jeste način komunikacije i protok informacija u interpersonalnim odnosima, ali i među sektorima a radi ostvarivanja maksimalnog učinka rada i profitabilnosti. S obzirom na to da slika organizacije koja je aktuelna u percepciji ciljne grupe jeste jedan od faktora koji utiče na tržišni udeo i da li će i pripadnici javnog mnjenja biti korisnici ili kupci, istraživački deo rada sproveden je u cilju detektovanja uticaja poštovanja poslovne etike savremenih organizacija na kreiranje njihovog poslovnog imidža.
Entre a razão e a lei simbólica: rastros de Ibn ʿArabī
Authors: Machado Bia
Published: July 2019

Resumo: Apropriando-me de certas formulações de Derrida, procuro fazer ver como o pensamento de Ibn ʿArabī oferece um vasto campo para a abordagem de problemas contemporâneos. A impressionante riqueza com que o Sufismo trata, por exemplo, a ideia de “escrita” e suas várias concepções de linguagem, ou os desdobramentos da relação de profunda intimidade com a revelação corânica,na qual a responsabilidade do sujeito perante o Outro-em-cada-outro é quase esmagadora, fazem dessa via mística em geral, e de Ibn ʿArabī em particular, uma trajetória indispensável para o Pensamento atual.Palavras-chave: Derrida. Ibn ʿArabī. Interpretação. Lingua. Pensamento actual. SufismoAbstract: Taking advantage of certain formulations of Derrida, I try to show how Ibn ʿArabī’s thought offers a vast field for approaching contemporary problems. The impressive richness with which Sufism deals, for example, with the idea of “writing” and its various conceptions of language, or the unfolding of the relationship of deep intimacy with the Quranic revelation, in which the subject’s responsibility to the Other-of-each-other is almost overwhelming, make this mystical path in general, and of Ibn ʿArabī in particular, an indispensable trajectory for the current Thought.Key words: Derrida. Ibn ʿArabī. Interpretation. Language. Current Thought. Sufism.
Espejo y metáfora: hacia una lectura comparada de san Juan de la Cruz e Ibn ʿArabī
Authors: Ceballos Manuela
Published: July 2019

Resumen: Este ensayo propone una lectura simultánea de los escritos de Ibn ʿArabī de Murcia (1165-1240) y San Juan de la Cruz (1542-1591) a través del uso de la metáfora. Como bien lo ha sugerido Luce López-Baralt, la metáfora del “espejo pulido” de Ibn ʿArabī ofrece modos inesperados de entender la presencia constante de ojos, fuentes y reflejos en el Cántico Espiritual. Ambos autores describenla búsqueda de la unión con la divinidad como un proceso de autoconocimiento. Asimismo, la lectura de un texto a través del reflejo del otro saca a la luz significados que estaban ocultos antes del encuentro intertextual. Estos procesos espirituales y de lectura indican que la conciencia de lo ajeno (sea divino o humano) es indispensable para la revelación de la identidad propia.Palabras clave: Ibn ʿArabī. San Juan de la Cruz. Cántico Espiritual. Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam. Tarǧumān al-ašwāq. Poesía mística. Intertextualidad.Abstract: This essay proposes a simultaneous reading of the writings of Ibn ʿArabī of Murcia (1165-1240) and St. John of the Cross (1542-1591) through the use of metaphor. As has been initially suggested by Luce López-Baralt, the metaphor of the “polished mirror” in the works of Ibn ʿArabī serves as a lens through which images of eyes, reflections, and fountains in the Cántico Espiritual reveal new semiotic possibilities in both texts. Just as, in the works of both authors, the search for union with the divine is also a journey of self-discovery, reading one text as a reflection of the other may reveal previously concealed meanings, implying in a broader sense how confronting the divine other as well as the religious other helps, in turn, to construct and reveal self-identity.Key words: Ibn ʿArabī. San Juan de la Cruz. Cántico Espiritual. Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam. Tarǧumān al-ašwāq. Mystical poetry. Intertextuality.
Advantages of Using Ultrasound in Regional Anesthesia for a Super-Super Obese Patient
Authors: Yim Woo Jae , Yoon Kyoung Sub , Hong Jeong In , Park Sang Yoong , Choi So Ron , Lee Jong Hwan
Published: July 2019

In this case report, we describe the use of ultrasound in the administration regional anesthesia for a super-super obese patient. A 23-year-old female patient (height 167.2 cm, weight 191.5 kg, body mass index 68.6 kg/m2) was admitted to the hospital for surgical repair of an anterior talofibular ligament rupture. We used ultrasound to help facilitate the administration of regional anesthesia. In the sagittal view of the lumbar spine, (with the patient in a sitting position) we were able to identify the border between the sacrum and the lumbar vertebral; in the transverse view, we were able to identify the transverse process, posterior dura, vertebral body, and the distance from the skin to the posterior dura. After skin marking, regional anesthesia was successfully performed. Based on this case study, we suggest that ultrasound can be very useful in regional anesthesia for severely obese patients.
Persistent Complete Atrioventricular Block after Induction of General Anesthesia in a Healthy Patient
Authors: Byeon Gyeong-Jo , Kim Hye-Jin , Ri Hyun-Su , Lee Su Sung , Kim Hee Young
Published: July 2019

A 38-year-old female patient had bradycardia in the preoperative electrocardiogram (ECG), and she showed severe bradycardia, with the heart rate (HR) under 40 beats per minute (bpm) even after arrival in the operating room. Immediately after endotracheal intubation, ventricular tachycardia with HR over 200 bpm occurred, but it disappeared voluntarily. The surgery was postponed for additional cardiac evaluation because of the persistent severe bradycardia. On postanesthesia day 2, complete atrioventricular (AV) block appeared. We expected spontaneous recovery over 2 weeks, but the complete AV block persisted. A permanent pacemaker was eventually inserted, and the patient was discharged without other complications on day 4 after insertion of the pacemaker. We report this case because complete AV block has commonly occurred in patients with risk factors such as first AV block, secondary AV block, or bundle branch block, but complete AV block has occurred despite the absence of arrhythmia in this patient.
A Case of Malignant Lymphoma Misdiagnosed as Acute Tonsillitis with Subsequent Lymphadenitis
Authors: Kim Young Chul , Kwon Minsu , Kim Jin Pyeong , Park Jung Je
Published: July 2019

A 56-year-old female presented with clinical features of acute tonsillitis with subsequent cervical lymphadenitis. After taking empirical antibiotics for 1 week, the acute infection symptoms and signs were resolved. However, an asymmetric enlargement of the left palatine tonsil with ipsilateral neck swelling remained. Subsequent tonsillectomy and lymph node excisional biopsy were performed due to the possibility of malignancy. The patient was eventually diagnosed as malignant lymphoma according to pathological confirmation. We demonstrate the diagnostic challenges in such a rare case and emphasize the importance of differentiating malignant lymphoma from an atypically presenting acute infectious disease.
Failure to respond to a coral disease outbreak: Potential costs and consequences
Authors: Precht William F
Published: July 2019

A coral disease with white plague-like signs was observed near Virginia Key, Florida, in September 2014. The disease outbreak directly followed a regional high temperature coral-bleaching event. Now called stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD), it has spread the length of the Florida Reef Tract from Key West to Martin County, a distance of about 450 km. Recently, the disease has also been observed at a number of sites throughout the Caribbean. The high prevalence of disease, the number of susceptible species, and the high mortality of corals affected suggests this outbreak is arguably one of the most lethal ever recorded. The initial response to this catastrophic disease by resource mangers with purview over the ecosystem was slow. There is generally a very short window of opportunity to intervene in disease amelioration or eradication in the marine environment. This slow response enabled the disease to spread unchecked. Why was the response to the loss of our coral reefs to a coral disease epidemic, such a massive failure? This includes our failure as scientists, regulators, resource managers, the local media, and policy makers alike. This review encapsulates the numerous reasons for our failures during the first few years of the outbreak. Specifically, I show how the Port Miami dredging project that was ongoing at the time of the initial outbreak created a distraction as local NGO's, regulatory agencies, and resource managers initially blamed the project for observed large-scale coral losses. However, detailed analysis of 650 tagged corals that were part of a repeated measures monitoring program required for permit compliance associated with the Port Miami dredge project reveal that both disease susceptibility and coral mortality are invariant with the results collected by a number of scientific teams throughout the region. Finally, when the agencies responded to the outbreak the effort it was too little and much too late to make a meaningful difference. Because of the languid management response to this outbreak, we are now sadly faced with a situation where much of our management efforts are focused on the rescue of genetic material from coral species now at risk of regional extinction.
Improved salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco by over-expression of poplar NAC13 gene
Authors: Zhang Xuemei , Cheng Zihan , Zhao Kai , Li Renhua , Zhou Boru , Jiang Tingbo
Published: July 2019

Background: NACs are one of the major transcription factor families in plants which play an important role in plant growth and development, as well as in adverse stress responses.

Methods: In this study, we cloned a salt-inducible NAC transcription factor gene (NAC13) from a poplar variety 84K, followed by transforming it into both tobacco and Arabidopsis.

Results: Stable expression analysis of 35S::NAC13-GFP fusion protein in Arabidopsis indicated that NAC13 was localized to the nucleus. We also obtained five transgenic tobacco lines. Evidence from morphological and physiological characterization and salt treatment analyses indicated that the transgenic tobacco enhanced salt tolerance, suggesting that NAC13 gene may function as a positive regulator in tobacco responses to salt stress. Furthermore, evidence from yeast two-hybrid screening demonstrated that NAC13 protein functions as a transcriptional activator, with an activation domain located in the C-terminal region.

Discussion: NAC13 gene plays an important role in response to salt stress in tobacco. Future studies are needed to shed light on molecular mechanisms of gene regulation and gene networks related to NAC13 gene in response to salt stress, which will provide a valuable theoretical basis for forest genetic breeding and resistant breeding.
Appetite regulating genes may contribute to herbivory versus carnivory trophic divergence in haplochromine cichlids
Authors: Ahi Ehsan P , Duenser Anna , Singh Pooja , Gessl Wolfgang , Sturmbauer Christian
Published: July 2019

Feeding is a complex behaviour comprised of satiety control, foraging, ingestion and subsequent digestion. Cichlids from the East African Great Lakes are renowned for their diverse trophic specializations, largely predicated on highly variable jaw morphologies. Thus, most research has focused on dissecting the genetic, morphological and regulatory basis of jaw and teeth development in these species. Here for the first time we explore another aspect of feeding, the regulation of appetite related genes that are expressed in the brain and control satiety in cichlid fishes. Using qPCR analysis, we first validate stably expressed reference genes in the brain of six haplochromine cichlid species at the end of larval development prior to foraging. We next evaluate the expression of 16 appetite related genes in herbivorous and carnivorous species from the parallel radiations of Lake Tanganyika, Malawi and Victoria. Interestingly, we find increased expression of two anorexigenic genes, cart and npy2r, in the brain of carnivorous species in all the lakes. This supports the notion that herbivory compared to carnivory requires stronger appetite stimulation in order to feed larger quantity of food and to compensate for the relatively poorer nutritional quality of a plant- and algae-based diet. Our study contributes to the limited body of knowledge on the neurological circuitry that controls feeding transitions and adaptations and in cichlids and other teleosts.
UK universities compliance with the Concordat to Support Research Integrity: findings from cross-sectional time-series
Authors: Wager Elizabeth
Published: July 2019

Background

The Concordat to Support Research Integrity published in 2012 recommends that UK research institutions should provide a named point of contact to receive concerns about research integrity (RI). The Concordat also requires institutions to publish annual RI statements.

Objective

To see whether contact information for a staff member responsible for RI was readily available from UK university websites and to see how many universities published annual RI statements.

Methods

UK university websites were searched in mid-2012, mid-2014 and mid-2018. The availability of contact details for RI inquiries, other information about RI and, specifically, an annual RI statement, was recorded.

Results

The proportion of UK universities publishing an email address for RI inquiries rose from 23% in 2012 (31/134) to 55% in 2018. The same proportion (55%) published at least one annual RI statement in 2018, but only three provided statements for all years from 2012/13. There was great variation in the titles used for the staff member with responsibility for RI which made searching difficult.

Conclusion

Over 6 years after the publication of the Concordat to Support Research Integrity, nearly half of UK universities are not complying with all its recommendations and do not provide contact details for a staff member with responsibility for RI or an annual statement.
Social Impact of Odor Induced by Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Facilities in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Tran Linh Hoang , Murayama Takehiko , Nishikizawa Shigeo
Published: July 2019

Landfills are mostly used to manage solid waste in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Due to inappropriate administration, there have been numerous issues over the years relating to odor and leachate. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of odor stemming from Da Phuoc landfill site on surrounding areas. A questionnaire survey was administered through face-to-face interviews with 409 residents living in the affected areas. The findings of this study indicate that the odor perception of residents significantly influences their attitudes towards waste disposal sites. The results show that odor affects not only the region around municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment facilities but regions more than 7 km away as well. The data indicates that the odor emanating from the MSW disposal site negatively affects the daily life of many residents. This study is an effort to finding a solution to reduce the impact of odor generated from the landfill site on nearby residential areas.
Impact of ASA Microcredit on Livelihood Status of Rural Women in Sylhet, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahaman Mohammed Habibur , Sen Tripti , Yasmin Johena , Rahman Sufianur , Shimanta Md. Lutfor Rahman
Published: July 2019

The present study was conducted to assess the impact of microcredit of women borrowers of ASA credit at Sadar Upazila in the Sylhet district. With these views in mind, data were collected randomly from sixty respondents who were involved in different IGAs. The survey method was followed to collect the required data with a well-developed questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were applied for the analysis of data and sustainable livelihood framework was used for assessing the impact of credit. Results showed that there was a remarkable increase in assets of the respondents towards improved livelihood after joining with the ASA credit program. The findings exposed that ASA loan brought about a positive impact on the livelihood improvement of the borrowers. It was also found to have a significant positive effect on women’s social empowerment indicators namely attitude towards their children education, mobility to outside home, participation and decision-making ability etc. Finally, the present study suggests conducting further study of similar types in other parts of the country to make the findings representative one.
Cognitive testing of an instrument to evaluate acceptability and use of pre‐exposure prophylaxis products among women
Authors: Zissette Seth , Atujuna Millicent , Tolley Elizabeth E. , Okumu Eunice , Auerbach Judith D. , Hodder Sally L. , Aral Sevgi O. , Adimora Adaora A.
Published: July 2019

Given the range of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) products currently being tested to prevent HIV in women, a standardized Acceptability and Use of PrEP Products Among Women Tool may facilitate comparisons of product acceptability and use across different geographies, trials, and users. We conducted three rounds of cognitive interviewing over 2 months in 2016, with 28 South African women who had experience participating in a range of PrEP product trials. The final instrument contained 41 items, including five new items that improved construct validity and 22 items modified for clarity. Changes were made due to unclear wording, difficulty answering, participant embarrassment, low response variability, and administrative formatting. Cognitive interviewing provided a means to address issues that would have inhibited this tool's ability to accurately collect data otherwise. This rapid, low‐cost study provided valuable insight into participants' understanding of questions and demonstrated the utility of cognitive interviewing in international clinical trials.
Comparison of Ultrasound Features of Major Salivary Glands in Sarcoidosis, Amyloidosis, and Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Law Shing T. , Jafarzadeh S. Reza , Govender Praveen , Sun Xianbang , Sanchorawala Vaishali , Kissin Eugene Y.
Published: July 2019

Objective

While salivary gland ultrasound (SGU) has gained prominence for evaluating Sjögren's syndrome, little information exists on SGU appearance of sarcoidosis and amyloidosis, potential mimics of Sjögren's syndrome. Our goal in this study was to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of major SGU features in differentiating Sjögren's syndrome from sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, and controls.

Methods

We enrolled consecutive adult ambulatory patients with a clinical diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome fulfilling the 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria; we also enrolled patients with a clinical diagnosis of sarcoidosis or systemic immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis, with histologic confirmation from any tissue, and rheumatology outpatients without diagnoses affecting salivary glands. Subjects underwent major SGU using the Hočevar protocol, with resulting video clips reviewed blind to clinical diagnosis.

Results

Sjögren's syndrome SGU scores were greater than in patients from the other groups, but there were no distinguishing salivary gland features from AL amyloidosis or sarcoidosis. None of the patients in the control group scored higher than 17, a cutoff previously suggested for Sjögren's syndrome, but 27% of patients with AL amyloidosis and 19% with sarcoidosis scored higher than 17. Adding Hočevar SGU scores of ≥17 to the 2016 ACR/European League Against Rheumatism criteria in a parallel scheme increased the sensitivity for Sjögren's syndrome from 87% to 98%, while combining the 2 criteria in series increased specificity from 81% to 98%.

Conclusion

Sjögren's syndrome, sarcoidosis, and AL amyloidosis share common SGU features that can help distinguish these conditions from patients without systemic rheumatologic disease. Clinicians should carefully consider these potential mimics when interpreting salivary gland US results.
Transformation‐Induced Magnetoelasticity in FeGa Alloys
Authors: Steiner Jacob , Pokharel Sabine , Lisfi Abdellah , Fleischer Jason , Wyrough Paul , Salamanca-Riba Lourdes , Cumings John , Wuttig Manfred R.
Published: July 2019

Global or local phase transformations are commonly used to create or improve useful properties of materials: the functionality of shape memory alloys is enabled by a global thermoelastic transformation. Transformation‐induced plasticity (TRIP) steels and the creation of transformation‐toughened ceramics are examples of materials innovations through local martensitic phase transformations. This research is undertaken to elucidate the nature of the large magnetostriction in FeGa alloys. An investigation of the evolution of the alloy's nanostructure in the varying magnetic fields of the objective lens of an electron microscope reveals the mechanism leading to the large magnetostriction; it is caused by a local martensitic transformation of the DO3 nanoprecipitates to a 6M phase, leading to transformation‐enhanced magnetoelasticity. The analysis of macroscopic elastic, magnetostriction, and magnetic torque data corroborates this finding.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Commercial‐Purity Aluminum Processed by Rotational Accelerated Shot Peening Plus Cold Rolling
Authors: Liu Yanfang , Cao Yang , Zhou Hao , Chen Xuefei , Liu Ying , Xiao Lirong , Huan Xiaowei , Zhao Yonghao , Zhu Yuntian
Published: July 2019

Commercial‐purity aluminum with 99.7% purity is processed by rotational accelerated shot peening (RASP) and cold‐rolling. RASP samples are rolled at room temperature to a thickness reduction of 20% and 30%, for the purpose of surface roughness reduction and strengthening. Detailed microstructural characterization and hardness tests reveal that cold‐rolling cause grain growth at the surfaces of RASP samples from ≈472 to ≈1000 nm. Moderate cold‐rolling is effective in smoothing the surface of RASP samples, while improving strength and maintaining ductility. However, cold‐rolling to more than 30% thickness reduction eventually diminishes the gradient nanostructure. During cold‐rolling of RASP samples, a transition zone with strong strain incompatibility is noticed by a sharp rise in hardness at some point of the hardness‐distribution curve from the surface to the core of the sample. This transition zone is a result of quick generation of geometrically necessary dislocations. Although the transition zone with strong strain incompatibility is short‐lived, it is anticipated to be common among gradient‐nanostructured materials under cold‐rolling condition.
Designable Mechanical Properties of 3D Printing Composites with Multiple Filaments by Different Infill Percentages and Structures
Authors: Yang Wen-qiang , Zeng Ni-xin , Mei Hui , Chen Chao , Lin Xu , Cheng Lai-fei
Published: July 2019

The current study reports the mechanical properties of 3D printing using multiple composite filaments, infill percentages, and printed structures. Results show that graphene‐contained polylactic acid (G‐PLA) displays the highest bending strength, of 119.50 MPa, improving by 62.7%, compared with pure PLA. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microstructural observations indicate that the high bending strength is caused by the pull‐out of graphene. As for the double‐filament layer‐by‐layer alternatively printed specimens, the obtained bending strengths are between the single‐filament specimens printed by the two filaments, respectively. Changing infill percentages from 30%, 65%, and to 100% prove that the mechanical properties are greatly enhanced. In the bending tests, with an increase in the infill percentage from 30% to 100%, it is found that all the bending strengths of G‐PLA, copper powder‐containing polylactic acid (Cu‐PLA), and carbon fibers‐containing Cf‐PLA increase by 63.7%, 130.1%, and 106.6% on account of enlarged cross‐section areas sustaining stress. Furthermore, in the compressive tests, shear stress is only found in the hexangular structure, which has a positive effect on the 32.1% increase of the compressive strength compared with that in the rectangular structure. It implies that printed structures significantly influence the fractured modes due to the variation of stress distribution in the designed structures.
Structurally Ordered Low‐Pt Intermetallic Electrocatalysts toward Durably High Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity
Authors: Wang Zhongxiang , Yao Xiaozhang , Kang Yongqiang , Miao Linqing , Xia Dongsheng , Gan Lin
Published: July 2019

Carbon‐supported low‐Pt ordered intermetallic nanoparticulate catalysts (PtM3, M = Fe, Co, and Ni) are explored in order to enhance the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity while achieving a high stability compared to previously reported Pt‐richer ordered intermetallics (Pt3M and PtM) and low‐Pt disordered alloy catalysts. Upon high‐temperature thermal annealing, ordered PtCo3 intermetallic nanoparticles are successfully prepared with minimum particle sintering. In contrast, the PtFe3 catalyst, despite the formation of ordered structure, suffers from obvious particle sintering and detrimental metal–support interaction, while the PtNi3 catalyst shows no structural ordering transition at all but significant particle sintering. The ordered PtCo3 catalyst exhibits durably thin Pt shells with a uniform thickness below 0.6 nm (corresponding to 2–3 Pt atomic layers) and a high Co content inside the nanoparticles after 10 000 potential cycling, leading to a durably compressive Pt surface and thereby both high activity (fivefold vs a commercial Pt catalyst and 1.7‐fold vs an ordered PtCo intermetallic catalyst) and high durability (5 mV loss in half‐wave potential and 9% drop in mass activity). These results provide a new strategy toward highly active and durable ORR electrocatalysts by rational development of low‐Pt ordered intermetallics.
Real‐Time Imaging of Nanoscale Redox Reactions over Bimetallic Nanoparticles
Authors: Tan Shu Fen , Chee See Wee , Baraissov Zhaslan , Jin Hongmei , Tan Teck Leong , Mirsaidov Utkur
Published: July 2019

The catalytic performance of bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) strongly depends on their structural and compositional changes under reaction conditions. At the fundamental level, these changes are driven by redox reactions that occur on the surface of the NPs. The degree of complexity in the redox reactions is further amplified in bimetallic NPs because both metals can have their own reactions with the reactant molecules, in addition to any synergistic effects between the metal nanocatalysts and their reducible oxides. Here, the gas phase oxidation and reduction reactions, and the oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) over Pt–Ni rhombic dodecahedron NPs with segregated Pt frames and Pt–Ni alloy NPs are investigated using in situ gas cell transmission electron microscopy. The real‐time observations show that NiO shell formation and Pt segregation are two important features during the oxidation and reduction of Pt–Ni NPs, respectively. Moreover, the two types of NPs evolved in different ways. By combining high‐resolution imaging, mass spectroscopy, and modeling, it is shown that the evolution of NP morphology and composition during redox reactions plays an important role in controlling the catalytic activity of the NPs.
A Biomimetic Soft Lens Controlled by Electrooculographic Signal
Authors: Li Jinrong , Wang Yang , Liu Liwu , Xu Sheng , Liu Yanju , Leng Jinsong , Cai Shengqiang
Published: July 2019

Thanks to many unique features, soft robots or soft machines have been recently explored intensively to work collaboratively with human beings. Most of the previously developed soft robots are either controlled manually or by prewritten programs. In the current work, a novel human–machine interface is developed to use electrooculographic signals generated by eye movements to control the motions and the change of focal length of a biomimetic soft lens. The motion and deformation of the soft lens are achieved by the actuation of different areas of dielectric elastomer films, mimicking the working mechanisms of the eyes of human and most mammals. The system developed in the current study has the potential to be used in visual prostheses, adjustable glasses, and remotely operated robotics in the future.
Tailoring the Molecular Properties with Isomerism Effect of AIEgens
Authors: Chen Ming , Liu Junkai , Liu Feng , Nie Han , Zeng Jiajie , Lin Gengwei , Qin Anjun , Tu Mei , He Zikai , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2019

It is challenging to achieve precise control on the properties of organic π‐functional materials to widen their practical applications. On the other hand, the study of aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) helps achieve such goals because of inherent relationships between their luminescence behaviors and conformational variations that allow for the visual monitoring of the changes in the material properties. Inspired by this, in this work, three AIE isomers are fabricated in structures consisting of tetraphenylpyrazine and triphenylethene units with para‐, meta‐, and ortho‐position linkages, respectively. The isomerism effect brings about significantly decreased luminescence efficiency, subtly blueshifted emission, basically reduced AIE effect but boosted porosity in the aggregate state as the conformation of AIEgens evolves from an extended to a folded one. Based on the distinct properties, their respective use in blue organic light‐emitting diodes, nanofluorescent probes, and molecule‐capturing porous crystals are investigated. This work not only achieves precise property control by using the isomerism effect of AIEgens but also provides useful information on the future design of π‐conjugated materials with advanced functionalities.
Substrate‐Dependent Spin–Orbit Coupling in Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films
Authors: Zhang Qi , Yu Haomiao , Zhao Fenggui , Pei Liying , Li Jinpeng , Wang Kai , Hu Bin
Published: July 2019

Solution‐processing hybrid metal halide perovskites are promising materials for developing flexible thin‐film devices. This work reports the substrate effects on the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in perovskite films through thermal expansion under thermal annealing. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements show that using a flexible polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrate introduces a smaller mechanical strain in perovskite MAPbI3−xClx films, as compared to conventional glass substrates. Interestingly, the linear/circular photoexcitation‐modulated photocurrent studies find that decreasing mechanical strain gives rise to a weaker orbit–orbit interaction toward decreasing the SOC in the MAPbI3−xClx films prepared on flexible PEN substrates relative to rigid glass substrates. Simultaneously, decreasing the mechanical strain causes a reduction in the internal magnetic parameter inside the MAPbI3−xClx films, providing further evidence to show that introducing mechanical strain can affect the SOC in hybrid perovskite films upon using flexible substrates toward developing flexible perovskite thin‐film devices. Furthermore, thermal admittance spectroscopy indicates that the trap states are increased in the perovskite films prepared on flexible PEN substrates as compared to glass substrates. Consequently, PEN and rigid glass substrates lead to shorter and longer photoluminescence lifetimes, respectively. Clearly, these findings provide an insightful understanding on substrate effects on optoelectronic properties in flexible perovskite thin‐film devices.
Inkjet Printing of Patterned, Multispectral, and Biocompatible Photonic Crystals
Authors: Li Wenyi , Wang Yu , Li Meng , Garbarini Logan P. , Omenetto Fiorenzo G.
Published: July 2019

Patterning of photonic crystals to generate rationally designed color‐responsive materials has drawn considerable interest because of promising applications in optical storage, encryption, display, and sensing. Here, an inkjet‐printing based strategy is presented for noncontact, rapid, and direct approaches to generate arbitrarily patterned photonic crystals. The strategy is based on the use of water‐soluble biopolymer‐based opal structures that can be reformed with high resolution through precise deposition of fluids on the photonic crystal lattice. The resulting digitally designed photonic lattice formats simultaneously exploit structural color and material transience opening avenues for information encoding and combining functions of optics, biomaterials, and environmental interfaces in a single device.
Sandwich‐Like Ultrathin TiS2 Nanosheets Confined within N, S Codoped Porous Carbon as an Effective Polysulfide Promoter in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Huang Xia , Tang Jiayong , Luo Bin , Knibbe Ruth , Lin Tongen , Hu Han , Rana Masud , Hu Yuxiang , Zhu Xiaobo , Gu Qinfen , Wang Dan , Wang Lianzhou
Published: July 2019

As the lightest member of transition metal dichalcogenides, 2D titanium disulfide (2D TiS2) nanosheets are attractive for energy storage and conversion. However, reliable and controllable synthesis of single‐ to few‐layered TiS2 nanosheets is challenging due to the strong tendency of stacking and oxidation of ultrathin TiS2 nanosheets. This study reports for the first time the successful conversion of Ti3C2Tx
MXene to sandwich‐like ultrathin TiS2 nanosheets confined by N, S co‐doped porous carbon (TiS2@NSC) via an in situ polydopamine‐assisted sulfuration process. When used as a sulfur host in lithium–sulfur batteries, TiS2@NSC shows both high trapping capability for lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), and remarkable electrocatalytic activity for LiPSs reduction and lithium sulfide oxidation. A freestanding sulfur cathode integrating TiS2@NSC with cotton‐derived carbon fibers delivers a high areal capacity of 5.9 mAh cm−2 after 100 cycles at 0.1 C with a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio and a high sulfur loading of 7.7 mg cm−2, placing TiS2@NSC one of the best LiPSs adsorbents and sulfur conversion catalysts reported to date. The developed nanospace‐confined strategy will shed light on the rational design and structural engineering of metal sulfides based nanoarchitectures for diverse applications.
Polymernetzwerke: Von Kunststoffen und Gelen zu porösen Gerüsten
Authors: Gu Yuwei , Zhao Julia , Johnson Jeremiah A.
Published: July 2019

Polymernetzwerke sind Materialien, die aus vielen kleineren Komponenten aufgebaut sind, die als “Vernetzungspunkte” und “Stränge” bezeichnet werden und über kovalente oder nichtkovalente/supramolekulare Wechselwirkungen miteinander verknüpft sind. Sie gehören zu den vielseitigsten, am häufigsten eingesetzten und wichtigsten Materialien. Von den ersten kommerziellen Polymeren über die Kunststoffrevolution des 20. Jahrhunderts bis in die Gegenwart gibt es nahezu keine Aspekte des modernen Lebens, die nicht von Polymernetzwerken beeinflusst werden. Dennoch müssen noch viele Herausforderungen in Angriff genommen werden, um ein vollständiges Verständnis dieser Materialien zu ermöglichen und ihre Entwicklung für künftige Anwendungen zu fördern, die von Energie‐Harvesting und Energiespeicherung bis zur Gewebezüchtung und additiven Fertigung reichen. Hier geben wir einen Überblick über die Grundlagen der Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften von Polymernetzwerken, unter Einbeziehung aktueller Trends auf dem Gebiet. Wir werden außerdem die neuesten Fortschritte bei der Anwendung des Moleküldesigns und der Steuerung der Topologie aufzeigen, um zu demonstrieren, wie ein tiefgehendes Verständnis der Struktur‐Eigenschaft‐Beziehungen zu hochentwickelten Netzwerken mit außergewöhnlichen Eigenschaften führen kann.
Electrochemically Gated Long‐Distance Charge Transport in Photosystem I
Authors: López‐Martínez Montse , López‐Ortiz Manuel , Antinori Maria Elena , Wientjes Emilie , Nin‐Hill Alba , Rovira Carme , Croce Roberta , Díez‐Pérez Ismael , Gorostiza Pau
Published: July 2019

The transport of electrons along photosynthetic and respiratory chains involves a series of enzymatic reactions that are coupled through redox mediators, including proteins and small molecules. The use of native and synthetic redox probes is key to understanding charge transport mechanisms and to the design of bioelectronic sensors and solar energy conversion devices. However, redox probes have limited tunability to exchange charge at the desired electrochemical potentials (energy levels) and at different protein sites. Herein, we take advantage of electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM) to control the Fermi level and nanometric position of the ECSTM probe in order to study electron transport in individual photosystem I (PSI) complexes. Current–distance measurements at different potentiostatic conditions indicate that PSI supports long‐distance transport that is electrochemically gated near the redox potential of P700, with current extending farther under hole injection conditions.
Perquinoline A–C: neuartige bakterielle Tetrahydroisochinoline mit einer bemerkenswerten Biosynthese
Authors: Rebets Yuriy , Nadmid Suvd , Paulus Constanze , Dahlem Charlotte , Herrmann Jennifer , Hübner Harald , Rückert Christian , Kiemer Alexandra K. , Gmeiner Peter , Kalinowski Jörn , Müller Rolf , Luzhetskyy Andriy
Published: July 2019

Die Analyse des metabolischen Profils von Streptomyces sp. IB2014/ 016‐6 führte zur Identifizierung der drei neuen Tetrahydroisochinolin‐Naturstoffe Perquinoline A–C (1–3). Durch Fütterungsexperimente mit angereicherten Vorläuferverbindungen und Klonen des pqr‐Biosynthesegenclusters wurde entdeckt, dass 1–3 unter Wirkung einiger ungewöhnlicher Enzyme synthetisiert werden. Die Biosynthese startet mit der Kondensation von Succinyl‐CoA und l‐Phenylalanin, katalysiert durch PqrA, einem Enzym mit Ähnlichkeit zur Amino‐7‐oxononanoatsynthase. Diese Reaktion ist innerhalb der Naturstoffchemie selten anzufinden. Die zweite Kondensation und der Ringschluss wird von PqrG, ein acyl‐CoA Ligase‐ähnliches Enzym, durchgeführt. Die Biosynthese wird durch den Transfer einer Aminobuttersäure‐ bzw. einer β‐Alaningruppe durch die ATP‐grasp RimK‐ähnliche Ligase PqrI abgeschlossen. Der entdeckte Verlauf repräsentiert ein neues Beispiel für die Zusammensetzung von Naturstoffen mit einem Tetrahydroiso‐chinolin‐Kern.
The Case of Formic Acid on Anatase TiO2(101): Where is the Acid Proton?
Authors: Tabacchi Gloria , Fabbiani Marco , Mino Lorenzo , Martra Gianmario , Fois Ettore
Published: July 2019

Carboxylic‐acid adsorption on anatase TiO2is a relevant process in many technological applications. Yet, despite several decades of investigations, the acid‐proton localization—either on the molecule or on the surface—is still an open issue. By modeling the adsorption of formic acid on top of anatase(101) surfaces, we highlight the formation of a short strong hydrogen bond. In the 0 K limit, the acid‐proton behavior is ruled by quantum delocalization effects in a single potential well, while at ambient conditions, the proton undergoes a rapid classical shuttling in a shallow two‐well free‐energy profile. This picture, supported by agreement with available experiments, shows that the anatase surface acts like a protecting group for the carboxylic acid functionality. Such a new conceptual insight might help rationalize chemical processes involving carboxylic acids on oxide surfaces.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Enantioenriched 2‐Aryl‐2,3‐Dihydrobenzofurans by a Lewis Acid Catalyzed Cyclopropanation/Intramolecular Rearrangement Sequence
Authors: Pandit Rameshwar Prasad , Kim Seung Tae , Ryu Do Hyun
Published: July 2019

A cyclopropanation/intramolecular rearrangement initiated by the Michael addition of in situ generated ortho‐quinone methides (o‐QMs) has been developed for the enantioselective synthesis of 2‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans containing two consecutive stereogenic centers, including a quaternary carbon atom. In the presence of a chiral oxazaborolidinium ion catalyst, the reaction proceeded in excellent yields (up to 95 %) with excellent stereoselectivity (up to >99 ee, up to >20:1 d.r.).
Mineralization‐Inspired Synthesis of Magnetic Zeolitic Imidazole Framework Composites
Authors: Terzopoulou Anastasia , Hoop Marcus , Chen Xiang‐Zhong , Hirt Ann M. , Charilaou Michalis , Shen Yang , Mushtaq Fajer , del Pino Angel Pérez , Logofatu Constantin , Simonelli Laura , de Mello Andrew J. , Doonan Christian J. , Sort Jordi , Nelson Bradley J. , Pané Salvador , Puigmartí‐Luis Josep
Published: July 2019

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) capable of mobility and manipulation are attractive materials for potential applications in targeted drug delivery, catalysis, and small‐scale machines. One way of rendering MOFs navigable is incorporating magnetically responsive nanostructures, which usually involve at least two preparation steps: the growth of the magnetic nanomaterial and its incorporation during the synthesis of the MOF crystals. Now, by using optimal combinations of salts and ligands, zeolitic imidazolate framework composite structures with ferrimagnetic behavior can be readily obtained via a one‐step synthetic procedure, that is, without the incorporation of extrinsic magnetic components. The ferrimagnetism of the composite originates from binary oxides of iron and transition metals such as cobalt. This approach exhibits similarities to the natural mineralization of iron oxide species, as is observed in ores and in biomineralization.
Kopplung von Solarenergie und Wärmeenergie zur Kohlendioxidreduktion: Aktueller Stand und Perspektiven
Authors: Wang Zhou‐jun , Song Hui , Liu Huimin , Ye Jinhua
Published: July 2019

Die Reduktion von Kohlendioxid (CO2) durch die Nutzung verschiedener Antriebskräfte wie Wärme, Strom und Strahlung ist Gegenstand intensiver Forschung. Die effiziente CO2‐Reduktion ist jedoch aufgrund der langsamen Kinetik nach wie vor eine Herausforderung. Jüngste Pionierarbeiten aus mehreren Arbeitsgruppen, darunter auch unsere, haben gezeigt, dass die Kopplung von Solarenergie und Wärmeenergie als neuartige und vielversprechende Strategie zur Förderung der Aktivität und/oder der Manipulation der Selektivität bei der CO2‐Reduktion dienen kann. Hier werden wir die Definition und die Prinzipien der Kopplung von Solarenergie und Wärmeenergie klar definieren und den aktuellen Stand und die Perspektiven der CO2‐Reduktion durch Kopplung von Solarenergie und Wärmeenergie evaluieren. Katalysatordesign, Reaktorkonfiguration, photovermittelte Aktivität/Selektivität und Mechanismusstudien zur photothermischen CO2‐Reduktion werden hervorgehoben. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, das Verständnis für die CO2‐Aktivierung zu fördern und Leitlinien für die Entwicklung neuer Katalysatoren für eine effiziente CO2‐Reduktion zu liefern.
Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Pallambins A–D
Authors: Zhang Xiwu , Cai Xinxian , Huang Bin , Guo Lei , Gao Zhongrun , Jia Yanxing
Published: July 2019

The first enantioselective total syntheses of (−)‐pallambins A–D have been achieved in 15 or 16 steps from a known chiral cyclohexenone. Salient features of the syntheses include a palladium‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization to assemble the [3.2.1]bicyclic moiety, an Eschenmoser–Claisen rearrangement/lactone formation sequence to construct the C ring, an intramolecular Wittig reaction to form the D ring, and individual transformations of pallambins C and D to generate pallambins A and B. The described synthesis avoids protecting‐group manipulations through the design of highly chemo‐ and stereoselective transformations. During the course of this work, a palladium‐catalyzed method for the dehydrobromination of α‐bromoketones was developed, and the scope of this transformation was also investigated.
Magnetic Alignment of Polymer Macro‐Nanodiscs Enables Residual‐Dipolar‐Coupling‐Based High‐Resolution Structural Studies by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Ravula Thirupathi , Ramamoorthy Ayyalusamy
Published: July 2019

Experimentally measured residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) are highly valuable for atomic‐resolution structural and dynamic studies of molecular systems ranging from small molecules to large proteins by solution NMR spectroscopy. Here we demonstrate the first use of magnetic‐alignment behavior of lyotropic liquid‐crystalline polymer macro‐nanodiscs (>20 nm in diameter) as a novel alignment medium for the measurement of RDCs using high‐resolution NMR. The easy preparation of macro‐nanodiscs, their high stability against pH changes and the presence of divalent metal ions, and their high homogeneity make them an efficient tool to investigate a wide range of molecular systems including natural products, proteins, and RNA.
Neutral‐Eosin‐Y‐Photocatalyzed Silane Chlorination Using Dichloromethane
Authors: Fan Xuanzi , Xiao Pin , Jiao Zeqing , Yang Tingting , Dai Xiaojuan , Xu Wengang , Tan Jin Da , Cui Ganglong , Su Hongmei , Fang Weihai , Wu Jie
Published: July 2019

Chlorosilanes are versatile reagents in organic synthesis and material science. A mild pathway is now reported for the quantitative conversion of hydrosilanes to silyl chlorides under visible‐light irradiation using neutral eosin Y as a hydrogen‐atom‐transfer photocatalyst and dichloromethane as a chlorinating agent. Stepwise chlorination of di‐ and trihydrosilanes was achieved in a highly selective fashion assisted by continuous‐flow micro‐tubing reactors. The ability to access silyl radicals using photocatalytic Si−H activation promoted by eosin Y offers new perspectives for the synthesis of valuable silicon reagents in a convenient and green manner.
Polymer Networks: From Plastics and Gels to Porous Frameworks
Authors: Gu Yuwei , Zhao Julia , Johnson Jeremiah A.
Published: July 2019

Polymer networks, which are materials composed of many smaller components—referred to as “junctions” and “strands”—connected together via covalent or non‐covalent/supramolecular interactions, are arguably the most versatile, widely studied, broadly used, and important materials known. From the first commercial polymers through the plastics revolution of the 20thcentury to today, there are almost no aspects of modern life that are not impacted by polymer networks. Nevertheless, there are still many challenges that must be addressed to enable a complete understanding of these materials and facilitate their development for emerging applications ranging from sustainability and energy harvesting/storage to tissue engineering and additive manufacturing. Here, we provide a unifying overview of the fundamentals of polymer network synthesis, structure, and properties, tying together recent trends in the field that are not always associated with classical polymer networks, such as the advent of crystalline “framework” materials. We also highlight recent advances in using molecular design and control of topology to showcase how a deep understanding of structure–property relationships can lead to advanced networks with exceptional properties.