bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A conjecture of Mallows and Sloane with the universal denominator of Hilbert series
Authors: Zhang Yang , Nan Jizhu , Ma Yongsheng
Published: March 2024

A conjecture of Mallows and Sloane conveys the dominance of Hilbert series for finding basic invariants of finite linear groups if the Hilbert series of the invariant ring is of a certain explicit canonical form. However, the conjecture does not hold in general by a well-known counterexample of Stanley. In this article, we give a constraint on lower bounds for the degrees of homogeneous system of parameters of rings of invariants of finite linear groups depending on the universal denominator of Hilbert series defined by Derksen. We consider the conjecture with the universal denominator on abelian groups and provide some criteria guaranteeing the existence of homogeneous system of parameters of certain degrees. In this case, Stanley’s counterexample could be avoided, and the homogeneous system of parameters is optimal.
Hormone-based pharmacotherapy for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
Authors: Chui Zara Siu Wa , Xue Yaqian , Xu Aimin
Published: March 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has reached epidemic proportions globally in parallel to the rising prevalence of obesity. Despite its significant burden, there is no approved pharmacotherapy specifically tailored for this disease. Many potential drug candidates for MAFLD have encountered setbacks in clinical trials, due to safety concerns or/and insufficient therapeutic efficacy. Nonetheless, several investigational drugs that mimic the actions of endogenous metabolic hormones, including thyroid hormone receptor β (THRβ) agonists, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analogues, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), showed promising therapeutic efficacy and excellent safety profiles. Among them, resmetirom, a liver-targeted THRβ-selective agonist, has met the primary outcomes in alleviation of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), the advanced form of MAFLD, and liver fibrosis in phase-3 clinical trials. These hormone-based pharmacotherapies not only exhibit varied degrees of therapeutic efficacy in mitigating hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, but also improve metabolic profiles. Furthermore, these three hormonal agonists/analogues act in a complementary manner to exert their pharmacological effects, suggesting their combined therapies may yield synergistic therapeutic benefits. Further in-depth studies on the intricate interplay among these metabolic hormones are imperative for the development of more efficacious combination therapies, enabling precision management of MAFLD and its associated comorbidities.
Selection of graphene as a conductive additive for biomass-based activated carbon electrode in capacitive deionization: acid-treated as a practical approach to reduce graphene content
Authors: Pham Thi Nam , Nguyen Thi Thom , Huynh Le Thanh Nguyen , Le Viet Hai , Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Shuib Raa Khimi , Tran Dai Lam , Nguyen Tuan Anh
Published: March 2024

The use of graphene (GE) as a conductive additive for activated carbon (AC) electrode in capacitive deionization (CDI) has attracted much attention due to its high electrical conductivity. However, self-agglomeration by π–π interactions between individual GE sheets required the use of high content to ensure an efficient conductive network in the electrode, which limited its practical application. This work proposed an approach to reduce the GE content in the fabrication of biomass-based activated carbon electrode for CDI application. The stacking effect of GE sheets is inhibited when GE sheets functionalize with oxygen groups via acid treatment under ultrasonic condition. This helps to reduce GE content to less than 2 wt% in the fabrication of CDI electrodes. The electrode fabricated using 2 wt% treated GE (T-GE) achieved the superior capacitance of 54 F/g, twice that of the pristine AC. The desalination process using as-prepared electrodes was evaluated by batch-mode CDI system with the initial NaCl solution of 2000 ppm and 3000 ppm at various applied voltages. The AC/T-GE 2 % electrode showed excellent performance with a desalination capacity greater than 10 mg/g, and reached an adsorption rate of 1.93 mg/g.min in both solutions under an applied voltage 1.2 V.
Concurrent validity of dynamic bedside quantitative sensory testing paradigms in breast cancer survivors with persistent pain
Authors: Haenen Vincent , Meeus Mira , Devoogdt Nele , Morlion Bart , Dams Lore , De Groote Amber , Foubert Anthe , De Groef An
Published: March 2024

Background

Studies on the concurrent validity of clinically applicable testing protocols for conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and temporal summation of pain (TSP) in breast cancer survivors (BCS) with persistent pain are lacking.

Objectives

This study investigated the concurrent validity of two bedside protocols for CPM and TSP in comparison to a respective reference protocol. The participants’ preferences for bedside CPM and TSP protocols were assessed.

Methods

Thirty BCS experiencing persistent pain were included in this study. Each participant underwent a reference test along with two bedside alternatives for assessing both TSP and CPM. For CPM, a cold pressor test (CPT) and blood pressure cuff (BPC) were used as conditioning stimulus. The test stimulus was elicited in parallel by pressure pain threshold after 45 and 90 s of conditioning at the lower limb. The CPM reference test consisted of parallel heat stimuli at the forearms using a two-thermode system. TSP was elicited using a von Frey monofilament (256 mN) and an algometer (98 kPa) at the affected site and opposite lower limb. The TSP reference test consisted of heat stimuli at the affected site and opposite lower limb. Participants’ testing preference was examined using a purpose-designed questionnaire. Spearman’s rank test examined the correlation between protocols.

Results

The two bedside CPM protocols were strongly correlated (r = 0.787–0.939, p < 0.005). A strong correlation was found between the BPC protocol and reference test using the relative effect magnitude (r = 0.541–0.555, p < 0.005). The bedside TSP protocols were moderately correlated with each other only at the lower limb using absolute change scores (r = 0.455, p = 0.012). No significant correlation was found between the bedside and reference TSP protocols.

Conclusion

The significantly moderate to very strong correlations between the bedside protocols validate their interchangeability. Researchers and clinicians should be able to choose which bedside protocol they utilize; however, participants favored the use of a BPC and algometer for the evaluation of CPM and TSP, respectively.
WhatNIs N-ough for MRI-Based Animal Neuroimaging?
Authors: Grandjean Joanes , Lake Evelyn M. R. , Pagani Marco , Mandino Francesca
Published: March 2024

Fueled by the recent and controversial brain-wide association studies in humans, the animal neuroimaging community has also begun questioning whether using larger sample sizes is necessary for ethical and effective scientific progress. In this opinion piece, we illustrate two opposing views on sample size extremes in MRI-based animal neuroimaging.
Neuronal ensembles in the amygdala allow social information to motivate later decisions
Authors: Kietzman Henry W. , Trinoskey-Rice Gracy , Seo Esther H. , Guo Jidong , Gourley Shannon L.
Published: March 2024

Social experiences carry tremendous weight in our decision making, even when social partners are not present. To determine mechanisms, we trained female mice to respond for two food reinforcers. Then, one food was paired with a novel conspecific. Mice later favored the conspecific-associated food, even in the absence of the conspecific. Chemogenetically silencing projections from the prelimbic subregion (PL) of the medial prefrontal cortex to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) obstructed this preference while leaving social discrimination intact, indicating that these projections are necessary for socially-driven choice. Further, mice that performed the task had greater densities of dendritic spines on excitatory BLA neurons relative to mice that did not. We next induced chemogenetic receptors in cells active during social interactions – when mice were encoding information that impacted later behavior. BLA neurons stimulated by social experience were necessary for mice to later favor rewards associated with social conspecifics, but not make other choices. This profile contrasted with that of PL neurons stimulated by social experience, which were necessary for choice behavior in social and non-social contexts alike. The PL may convey a generalized signal allowing mice to favor particular rewards, while units in the BLA process more specialized information, together supporting choice motivated by social information.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSocial experiences color choices, even when social partners are not present. For instance, we might favor a restaurant because it is where we had a memorable first date. We demonstrate that projections from the prelimbic cortex (PL) to basolateral amygdala (BLA) are required for socially-driven decisions – that is, for mice to favor a familiar food previously associated with a conspecific. Neuronal ensembles in the BLA stimulated by social experience appear specialized to socially-driven choices, while ensembles in the PL are not. The BLA may form social memories, which, with PL input, enable organisms to prioritize social information in later action.
PENGARUH MEDIA CERITA BERGAMBAR BERBASIS MIND MAPPING TERHADAP LITERASI BERBAHASA ANAK
Authors: Atho' Yustin Mariyana , Widjanarko Mohammad
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to reveal and analyze the effect of mind mapping-based illustrated story media on language literacy in early childhood. The method used in this research is survey research with a quantitative research approach. The population in this study were 45 children in group B (TK Negeri 1 Rembang, TK Negeri 2 Rembang and TK Negeri Pembina Pamotan). The results showed that mind mapping-based pictorial story media had a positive and significant effect on children's language literacy. The description of the mind mapping-based illustrated story media shows good results. Likewise, the description of language literacy shows good results, and the correlation value of mind mapping-based illustrated story media on language literacy is in a strong position
EFEKTIFITAS MEDIA E-STORY BOOK MATERI PEMBIASAAN HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KOLABORATIF
Authors: Maswah Maswah Maswah , Utaminingsih Sri
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh rendahnya kebiasan hidup bersih dan sehat anak usia pra sekolah di Kabupaten Rembang, hal tersebut terlihat dengan banyaknya anak yang tidak gosok gigi minimal 2 kali dalam sehari, anak terbiasa membuang sampah di sembarang tempat, kebiasaan anak yang makan junkfood. Tujuan penelitian ini 1) Menganalisis perencanaan Pengembangan Media E-Story Book Materi Perilaku Bersih dan Sehat Dalam Pembelajaran Kolaboratif. 2) Menghasilkan desain Pengembangan Media E-Story Book Materi Perilaku Bersih dan Sehat Dalam Pembelajaran Kolaboratif. 3) Menganalisis keefektifan Pengembangan Media E-Story Book Materi  Perilaku Bersih dan Sehat Dalam Pembelajaran Kolaboratif di TK Negeri Pembina Pamotan Kabupaten Rembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mix-method dengan varian exploratory. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian terapan dengan metode Research and Development  (R&D) Populasi adalah anak didik TK Negeri di Kabupaten Rembang. Sesuai dengan teknik purposive sampling, sampel diambil diambil dari siswa TK Negeri Pembina Kecamatan Pamotan dan TK Negeri Kecamatan Pancur. Instrumen penelitian berupa wawancara/observasi, angket, tes, dan instrument validasi produk. Analisis data dilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan rata-rata antara kedua sampel menggunakan uji-t.. Hasil penelitian bahwa Media E-Story Book efektif dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran kolaboratif di TK Negeri Se- Kabupaten Rembang, hal ini berdasarkan hasil paired samples statistic diketahui bahwa pembiasaan perilaku bersih dan sehat pada kelas eksperimen mendapat nilai postest 81,7 dan kelas kontrol  nilai postest 60,6. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa anak yang diberi pembelajaran menggunakan pengembangan media e-story book memiliki pembiasaan perilaku bersih dan sehat yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan anak yang memperoleh pembelajaran tanpa menggunakan media e-story book.
AKSESIBILITAS DIGITAL LEARNING SELAMA PANDEMI COVID 19 DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Risan Rahmad , G Hasriani
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aksesibiltas media Digital Learning di perguruan tinggi khususnya di Universitas Negeri Makassar. Akses media digital pada masa Covid 19 dan PPKM dapat dilihat berdasarkan pernyataan dari para peserta didik. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara terhadap subjek penelitian. Setelah itu, data yang telah dikumpulkan dianalisis secara kualitatif dalam menggambarkan penomena-penomena yang terjadi di lapangan selama pelaksanaan penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan data dari hasil wawancara yang dilakukan, maka media pembelajaran online yang sering digunakan dalam kegaitan pembelajaran dapat diurutkan sebagai berikut:  E-Learning, Google Classroom, Microsoft Teams, Zoom, Google Meet, URL/ Website. Ketersediaan media digital dalam proses pembelajaran baik secara online maupun offline sangat membantu dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran bagi mahasiswa. Di era akses informasi yang sangat luas, sudah sewajarnyalah apabila proses pembelajaran di dukung oleh penggunaan media digital.
PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA KELAS 2 SDN BRINGIN 02 TERHADAP MATERI GEOMETRI DENGAN MENERAPKAN TEORI BRUNER DALAM PERMAINAN ULAR TANGGA
Authors: Dewi Safitri Angga , Saputra Aditya Agung , Sari Septiana , Kusuma Nadya Erita , Trimurtini Trimurtini
Published: March 2024

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan pemahaman siswa dalam memahami materi geometri, dalam pembelajaran matematika kelas rendah dengan menerapkan teori bruner melalui permainan ular tangga. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SDN Bringin 02 Ngaliyan Semarang Barat, populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas 2 SDN Bringin 02. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang digunakan untuk mengetahui gambaran atau situasi kelas serta pemahaman siswa terhadap bangun datar dalam pembelajaran secara jelas.  Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes yang digunakan untuk melihat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil Penelitian, dari jawaban siswa dalam mengerjakan soal tes setelah permainan ular tangga Semua Nilai yang diperoleh siswa lolos KKM. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh kesimpulan yaitu dengan menerapkan teori Bruner melalui permainan ular tangga, dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa tentang materi geometri. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa, terjadi peningkatan pemahaman siswa dan dapat menciptakan pembelajaran matematika dikelas rendah menjadi menyenangkan, lebih bermakna dan menjadikan siswa lebih aktif dan interaktif.

Kata Kunci : Geometri, teori bruner, permainan ular tangga

 

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to increase students' understanding of geometry material in low-grade mathematics learning by applying Bruner's theory through a game of snakes and ladders. The research was conducted at SDN Bringin 02 Ngaliyan West Semarang, the study population was all grade 2 students at SDN Bringin 02. The method used in this study was a qualitative descriptive research method used to find out a description or class situation and students' understanding of flat shapes in learning clear. The instrument used is a test used to see an increase in student learning outcomes. Based on the research results, from the students' answers in working on the test questions after the snakes and ladders game, all the scores obtained by students passed the KKM.about geometry. So it can be said that there is an increase in students' understanding and can make learning mathematics in the lower grades fun, more meaningful and make students more active and interactive.

Keywords: Geometry, Bruner's theory, snakes and ladders game
MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ROLLING SMART BERBASIS PERMAINAN KARTU HURUF PADA KEMAMPUAN MINAT BACA ANAK
Authors: Parti Parti Parti
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi karena kemampuan bahasa anak TK belum sesuai target yang diharapkan. Ketrampilan anak kurang berkembang karena pembelajaran kurang menarik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas pengembangan media pembelajaran rolling smart berbasis permainan kartu huruf pada kemampuan minat baca anak  TK Negeri. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mix-method dengan varian eksploratif. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian terapan dengan metode Research and Development (R&D). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah TK Negeri  Kabupaten Rembang. Teknik sampling dengan purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner, observasi, dan wawancara. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji validasi kepada ahli, uji inferensial statistik dan uji kepraktisan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Media rolling smart berbasis permainan kartu huruf dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran  kemampuan minat baca anak TK Negeri  Rembang, hal ini berdasarkan hasil statistik sampel berpasangan diketahui bahwa kemampuan bahasa pada siswa konsep waktu pada kelas eksperimen memperoleh nilai posttest 82 dan kelas kontrol memperoleh nilai posttest 61. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa anak yang diberikan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media pengembangan media rolling smart memiliki kemampuan bahasa yang lebih tinggi. baik dibandingkan dengan anak yang mendapatkan pembelajaran tanpa menggunakan media rolling smart.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA SMART PAPER BERBASIS QR-CODE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA
Authors: Pramesti Yulistiya Putri
Published: March 2024

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesain media, menguji kelayakan, dan keefektifan media Smart Paper berbasis QR-Code untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas V SDN 2 Boja Kendal. Jenis penelitian yaitu Research and Development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan Borg & Gall. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian berupa observasi, wawancara, angket, tes, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data awal menggunakan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas. Analisis data akhir menggunakan uji perbedaaan rata-rata dan uji N-Gain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan media Smart Paper berbasis QR-Code didesain menggunakan aplikasi Canva, Microsoft Sway, dan Google Form. Hasil validasi produk ahli media sebesar 91,67% dan ahli materi sebesar 96,67% dengan kriteria sangat layak. Keefektifan media diperoleh dari hasil pretest dan posttest diuji menggunakan N-gain diperoleh skor 0,57 kriteria sedang, serta uji perbedaan rata-rata diperoleh nilai sig (2-tailed) 0,001<0,05, maka Ha diterima. Kesimpulannya, media Smart Paper berbasis QR-Code berhasil dikembangkan, layak dan efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.  

This research aims to design media, test the feasibility and effectiveness of QR-Code based Smart Paper media to improve the critical thinking skills of fifth grade students at SDN 2 Boja Kendal. The type of research is Research and Development (R&D) with the Borg & Gall development model. Research data collection techniques include observation, interviews, questionnaires, tests and documentation. The initial data analysis technique uses the normality test and homogeneity test. Final data analysis uses the average difference test and the N-Gain test. The research results show that QR-Code based Smart Paper media was designed using the Canva, Microsoft Sway and Google Form applications. The product validation results for media experts were 91.67% and material experts were 96.67% with very feasible criteria. The effectiveness of the media was obtained from the results of the pretest and posttest tested using N-gain, obtaining a score of 0.57, medium criteria, and the average difference test obtained a sig value (2-tailed) 0.001<0.05, then Ha is accepted. In conclusion, QR-Code based Smart Paper media has been successfully developed, feasible and effective for improving students' critical thinking skills.
Applications of Flow Visualization Technique in Wet End Chemistry
Authors:   Division of Pulp and Paper Science, Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo, Onabe Fumihiko , Sakurai Kunio ,   Division of Pulp and Paper Science, Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo
Published: March 2024

A microcomputer–aided flow visualization system consisting of Strobovision analyzer(SVA) and image processing apparatus was applied to the analysis of the effect of a variety of parameters in wet end chemistry on the flocculation behavior of model stock systems. These are (a)single polymer addition systems and dual component additive systems,(b)low and high filler content suspensions,and (c)colloidal force and hydrodynamic shear force. Analysis by digital geometry was carried out to represent features of projected images of flocs and fiber network supporting flocs. The flocculation states were represented numerically. It was attempted to test visually and numerically a flocculation hypothesis in a dual component additive system. Within the scope of the present investigation,there is some limitations in that this system can be applied only for dilute suspensions with concentrations far lower than those of conventional paper stock in a headbox.
Conformation of Adsorbed Polymers and Flocculation of Microcrystalline Cellulose and Pulp Suspensions
Authors:   Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Box 5604, S-1 14 86 Stockholm, Sweden, Wågberg Lars , Ödberg Lars ,   Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Box 5604, S-1 14 86 Stockholm, Sweden, Glad-Nordmark Gunborg ,   Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Box 5604, S-1 14 86 Stockholm, Sweden
Published: March 2024

This paper consists of three parts. In the first part, the reconformation of polyelectrolytes adsorbed on fiber surfaces has been studied by measuring simultaneously the amount of adsorbed polymer and the number of released counterions. It was found that the time for reconformation from an initial, extended conformation to a more flat conformation was of the order of 60 seconds for a high molecular mass polyacrylamide. In the second and third parts, the flocculation of suspensions of microcrystalline cellulose and pulp fibers has been investigated. The results of these flocculation experiments can be related to the conformation and adsorbed amount of the polyelectrolyte.
An Evaluation of the Factors Affecting Perforation Quality
Authors:   Department of Paper Science, UMIST, Kropholler H. W. , Prior T. J. ,   Department of Paper Science, UMIST
Published: March 2024

Samples of two types of carton board, a coated white line chip (WLC) and a folding boxboard (FBB), were perforated using an experimental cutting forme. Variations such as depth of cut and rule condition were introduced. These samples were then torn using an Elmendorf tear tester and assessed for their mode of failure. The results indicate that the detrimental effects of worn rules and poor cutting depth can be magnified by the size and relationship of certain board properties, particularly tear and plybond strength. The test results and micrographs suggest an unaided visual examination of the perforated line is insufficient to guarantee clean tearing, particularly when worn rules have been used. The effect of the pronounced directionality in the WLC has been demonstrated with regards to the perforation performance. The results have also indicated that plybond/tear ratio is significant in the mode of failure. The usefulness of transmitted light coupled with magnification has been shown with respect to the examination of perforations for quality control purposes. This holds possibilities within QC as a method of assessment.
Characterization of Deinked Pulp for Newsprint
Authors:   Central Research Laboratory, Jujo Paper Co., Ltd, Oksanen Nicholas , Kobayashi Katsuhiro ,   Central Research Laboratory, Jujo Paper Co., Ltd, Naito Tsutomu ,   Central Research Laboratory, Jujo Paper Co., Ltd
Published: March 2024

Mill-made deinked pulp fibres for news print were compared with virgin single pulps in terms of pulp properties. The results showed that fundamental fibre properties ,which had been proposed by many researchers, were useful for the characterization of deinked pulp, provided their fractions were compared. Possible reason for this is that fractionation sorts the fibres, and in this way helps to characterize the complicated fibre composition of deinked pulp. Notable characteristics of long fibres of deinked pulp seemed to be fibre coarseness , wet fibre flexibility and curl or kink as well as fibre swelling. These results suggested that the characterization of mill-made deinked pulps with these fibre properties should be carried out by taking the fibre types into account. For this reason, a new method for the determination of fibre composition has been proposed. It provides good results within a certain range of pulps, but further studies are required to devise a more sophisticated method.
Relative Flow Porosity in Paper
Authors:   Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Atlanta, GA, Lindsay Jeffrey D.
Published: March 2024

Relative flow porosity is defined as the fraction of the void volume in a porous medium through which fluid can flow under a macroscopic pressure gradient. In saturated paper, much of the void volume is occupied by water that cannot flow due to chemical or physical absorption and mechanical obstruction (isolated or dead-end pores). In partially saturated paper, surface tension effects further hinder fluid flow through the sheet. In this paper, we discuss various methods for examining relative flow porosity and present results of new experimental techniques based on in-plane flow measurements. The experimental approach involves radially injecting known volumes of aqueous, non-absorbing dye into the center of a compressed, saturated sheet restrained by solid surfaces. The volume of the sheet occupied by the dye is measured, as is the total porosity of the sheet. The ratio of injected dye volume to pore volume within the dyed region is an estimate of effective porosity. We show that in unrefined, filler-free paper, effective porosity values are on the order of 40% or more. The relative porosity may be as high as 90% of the extra fiber pore volume. Data for both initially dry and initially saturated sheets are presented. A geometric theory exists to predict relative porosity in fibrous structures, but we find that this model predicts values for relative porosity much lower than we observe here. Using simple measures of the volume occupied by the swollen-fibers in a compressed mat, we find that most(on the order of 90%) of the extra fiber pores pace is available to flow.
The Effect of Coating Components and Fillers in the Deinking of Paper
Authors:   Laboratory of Forest Products Chemistry, Department of Forest Products Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, Stenius Per , Heimonen Jukka ,   Laboratory of Forest Products Chemistry, Department of Forest Products Technology, Helsinki University of Technology
Published: March 2024

The effect of titanium dioxide, kaolin, calcium carbonate and talc on the properties of foams formed by sodium oleate/sodium stearate solutions and the flotation yield of these pigments in the presence of the same soaps have been investigated. In addition, the flotation of dispersed model coatings prepared from these pigments with styrene-butadiene and polyacrylate latexes was studied. The influence of coating colour composition and flotation chemicals (including silicate) was investigated using factorial experiments. The latexes strongly increase pigment floatability, but the effects are interrelated with the effects of other components in the coatings in a complex way. The flotation yield of the different pigments depend quite differently on the amounts of calcium and silicate added. This indicates that it may be possible to achieve flotation selectivity by proper design of flotation strategies. The factorial experiments also make it possible to draw some tentative conclusions with regard to mechanisms giving rise to the observed effects.
Prematurely closed arterial duct: possible risks for the newborn
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine, Malska A.A. , Kurilyak O.B. ,   Clinical Center of Childrens’ Healthcare, Lviv, Ukraine, Kurkevych A.K. ,   Center of pediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Burak T.V. ,   Western Ukrainian Specialized Children’s Medical Centre, Lviv
Published: March 2024

Premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus is a rare phenomenon that results in increased right ventricular pressure, leading to the development of isolated right ventricular hypertrophy, high pulmonary hypertension, and even death. Purpose - to present a rare clinical case of prenatally closed ductus arteriosus in a newborn boy, that clinically manifested by severe respiratory failure immediately after birth. Clinical case. The child was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit 5 hours after delivery with clinical signs of severe respiratory failure, child was oxygen-dependent. It is known from the anamnesis that the child was delivered by urgent cesarean section on the basis of a prenatally diagnosed prematurely closed arterial duct. A week before the delivery, the mother had an acute respiratory viral infection accompanied by high fever, which was treated with high doses of over-the-counter ibuprofen. The 2D echocardiography showed severe hypertrophy of the right ventricular wall and tricuspid insufficiency, which was caused by premature closure of the ductus arteriosus. The flow through the ductus arteriosus was not determined. Aortic coarctation as a possible cause of right ventricular hypertrophy in the newborn period was excluded. The infant was switched to constant positive pressure artificial ventilation (CPAP) to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance and afterload of the right ventricle. Over the next 3-4 weeks of oxygen therapy, the child's general condition improved significantly. Hypertrophy of the right ventricular wall regressed to normal size, the child grows and develops according to age. Conclusions. Premature prenatal closure of the arterial duct can be idiopathic or caused drugs intake that suppress prostaglandin production late in the pregnancy. Pregnant women should be counseled about the potential side effects on the fetus caused by the use of NSAIDs, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy. Urgent delivery and oxygen therapy contribute to the regression of intracardiac changes and significantly improve general condition of the child. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The informed consent of the child’s parents was obtained for the study. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Sharon Hudgins (with recipes by Sharon and Tom Hudgins): T-Bone Whacks and Caviar Snacks: Cooking with Two Texans in Siberia and the Russian Far East (Great American Cooking Series, book 5)
Authors: Bilton Sam
Published: March 2024

Sharon Hudgins (with recipes by Sharon and Tom Hudgins): T-Bone Whacks and Caviar Snacks: Cooking with Two Texans in Siberia and the Russian Far East (Great American Cooking Series, book 5): University of North Texas Press, 2018: 448 pp., hardback, £41.50.
Zarządzanie i administrowanie wymiarem sprawiedliwości w wybranych państwach Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Chmielarz Krzysztof
Published: March 2024

W niniejszym artykule analizie poddano kwestie związane z problematyką dotyczącą zarządzania i administrowania wymiarem sprawiedliwości w wybranych państwach Unii Europejskiej. Głównym celem, a zarazem motywem opracowania była konieczność uzupełnienia dorobku piśmienniczego w zakresie omawianej problematyki. Prowadzone rozważania dotyczą przedstawienia modelu zarządzania i administrowania sądami oraz systemem sądowym.
Solvents in the industrial synthesis of naphazoline nitrate: implementation of the principles of "Green chemistry" and analysis
Authors: Solominchuk Tetiana , Rudiuk Vitalii , Sidorenko Lyudmila , Kobzar Nataliia , Rakhimova Maryna , Vislous Olha , Georgiyants Victoriya
Published: March 2024

The aim: implementation of the principles of green chemistry by regenerating the synthesis solvent 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and reusing it during the synthesis of the Naphazoline nitrate substance. Study of the influence of the regenerated solvent on the quality of the final product by controlling analytical quality parameters. Development of a method for the quantitative determination and validation of synthesis solvents in a substance.
Materials and methods: samples of the substance were synthesized according to the optimized proprietary technology of Farmak JSC. The obtained batches of fresh and regenerated 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene were analyzed according to the monograph of the European Pharmacopoeia on Naphazoline nitrate 0147.
Results: the possibility of using regenerated 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene for the synthesis of the substance Naphazoline nitrate has been proven. It is shown that the regenerated solvent does not have a negative effect on the profile of impurities and the polymorphic form of the substance. Analytical quality parameters met the requirements of the internal specification and the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia monograph. The developed and validated method of quantitative determination of synthesis solvents makes it possible to determine them at the required level.
Conclusions: the introduction of regenerated 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene into the synthesis scheme made it possible to significantly reduce the amount of waste per 1 kg of product, which in turn significantly reduced the negative impact on the environment. Analytical quality parameters for regenerated 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene meet the requirements of the internal specification. Industrial series obtained on the regenerated solvent meet the requirements of the monograph of the European Pharmacopoeia. The polymorphic form of the substance batches manufactured on regenerated 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene corresponds to the polymorphic form of the substance batches manufactured on the fresh solvent. The obtained results on the influence of the regenerated solvent on the profile of impurities in the finished substance show the similarity of the profile of the series manufactured on both solvents. According to the requirements of ICH Q3C Impurities: Guideline for residual solvents, a method for quantitative determination of the residual content of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in the final product by gas chromatography was developed and validated. The absence of synthesis solvents at the limit of detection is shown
Assessment of the anti-psoriasis effect of Scrophularia deserti methanolic extract in mice model
Authors: Khaleel Raghad Abdulsalam , Shareef Saja Majeed , Maryoosh Tayf Mohammed
Published: March 2024

Psoriasis is an underestimated chronic and autoimmune skin disorder. Topical chemical agents are applied for psoriasis control and treatment, notwithstanding their subordinate efficiency or unsuccessful activities. As an alternative, herbal medicine can also be used in its treatment.

The aim of the present study was performed to assess the anti-psoriasis effect of Scrophularia deserti in mice model.

Materials and methods: S. deserti was purchased and used for methanolic extraction. Extract DPPH radical scavenging activity, polyphenol and flavonoid contents were examined. Sixty male mice were purchased, and psoriasis was induced using 10 days of topical administration of Imiquimod (62.5 mg). Mice were classified into 6 groups: non-psoriasis control (only received distilled water), psoriasis control (only received topical Imiquimod), two S. deserti treatments (topical 300 and 500 mg/kg), topical Betamethasone, and topical α-pinene 9  %. Cytokine distribution and histopathological properties were also determined.

Results: the value at which the S. deserti methanolic extract scavenges 50 % of free radicals (IC50) was 602.71±15.33 µg/mL. The total S. deserti methanolic extract flavonoid and polyphenol contents were 16.85±1.12 mg QE/g and 58.47±3.25 mg GAE/g, respectively. IL-22, TNF-α, and IL-17A concentrations increased after psoriasis induction compared to the control group (P <0.05). Mice treated with Betamethasone harboured the lowest concentrations of IL-22, TNF-α, and IL-17A (P <0.05).

Conclusions: Mice treated with S. deserti methanolic extract (500 mg/kg) also harboured significantly lower IL-22, TNF-α, and IL-17A (P <0.05) compared to α-pinene and S. deserti methanolic extract (300 mg/kg). Mice of the psoriasis control group showed significant epidermis hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and crust with plentiful inflammatory cells. At the same time, mice treated with S. deserti methanolic extract (500 mg/kg) showed significant recovered tissue with normal skin epidermis and dermis, sebaceous glands, and follicles of the hair, besides the lowest rate of inflammatory reactions. Findings showed that the S. deserti methanolic extract (500 mg/kg) can efficiently be used as a practical substitute for psoriasis treatment. However, some supplementary research should be performed
Formation of the semiotic component of speech in senior preschool children with logopathology
Authors: Bielova Olena
Published: March 2024

The scientific publication presents a theoretical and experimental-comparative analysis of the formation of the semiotic component of speech in senior preschool children with speech disorders. The purpose of the study is to investigate the dynamics of the development of the semiotic component of speech in senior preschool children with speech pathology after correctional educational and developmental intervention. The methods of the study are: theoretical − analysis of scientific sources to solve the problematic issue; empirical − use of diagnostic tools (tasks − educational, game, research, during which children with speech disorders study phonemic, lexical, grammatical and prosodic levels of speech; analysis; comparison), formative (game, verbal, exercises, etc.) and variable statistical (quantitative and qualitative) ones. Results of the study. Corrective educational and developmental work on the formation of the semiotic component of speech in senior preschool children with speech pathology took place at the propedeutic-foundational (preparing the child for the acquisition of basic speech and language knowledge and skills), variably sequential (providing a combination of visual and speech actions), speech-active (involving the child in the speech environment) stages. Additionally, the methods and techniques of correctional educational and developmental work are substantiated. The compared materials of the study of the ascertaining and formative experiments testified to the dynamics of the development of the semiotic component of speech in children with logopathology. The children studied improved their phonemic (perception, analysis and representation), lexical (expressive and impressive speech), grammatical (composing stories, agreeing verbs with the subject in number, declining nouns and adjectives, modifying verbs by person and number, use diminutives and pet forms of nouns in all genders and cases) and prosodic (normative voice power, speech rate, expressive intonation and clear diction) levels of speech
Identifying the effects of driving parameters on stopping distance to reduce accident risks
Authors: Boulmedais Nesrine , Bidi Lyes , Chaib Rachid , Boukebbab Salim , Boulahlib Mohamed Salah
Published: March 2024

The object of the research is the most important factors causing road accidents. This paper aimed to study the effects of this factors and their interactions on the stopping distance function. Understanding this function through simulation and comparing the results with mathematical models and experimental tests will help to reduce the number of road accidents. A large part of road accidents is linked to non-compliance with regulatory speed associated with vehicle braking system (grip, road and tires) and weather conditions. A speed measurement campaign on peri-urban roads was carried out to study driving behavior and compliance with speed limits in several Algerian cities. An experimental modelling of speed, anti-lock system, weather, grip and their interaction effects on the stopping distance of a vehicle using the experimental design method, combined with driving simulator tests was been conducted. The developments of experimental design with speed variation ranges (70 and 130 km/h) were necessary to study the influence of the various driving parameters on stopping distance. The mathematical model developed has been validated by the results obtained on the simulator. The experimental design method and simulator results were used to identify and define the important parameters that influence the braking distance. The results show that the stopping distance (SD) is mainly influenced by the vehicle speed (S), the weather conditions (M), and their interaction. The increase due to speed leads to an increase in the stopping distance with an estimated effect of 54.30 m. When the speed varies between its lower experimental level (70 km/h) and its higher level (130 km/h), it is estimated that the stopping distance will increase by 54.30 m. The analysis of the road speed measurement campaign, 55 % of road users do not obey the speed limits. The results obtained in this study can be applied to other countries, only the parameters need to be adjusted.
Exploring the possibility of undesirable manufacturing heritage reduction in parts made of composites and their joints
Authors: Taranenko Igor , Kupriianova Tetiana
Published: March 2024

The object of the research is the possibility of improving the quality of parts made of composites (CM) by means of pre-polymerization treatment of the wet package with intensive pulse loading. The existing technologies for forming parts from CM involve the compaction of the collected impregnated package of reinforcement layers and their subsequent polymerization under the influence of pressure and temperature. As a result of this technology, residual thermal and shrinkage stresses occur in the composite package, which lead to undesirable spatial deformations of profile parts, a violation of monolithicity in the areas of the connection of the composite and metal ends.
Using the example of an angular composite profile with a profile with doubler on one of the caps, the residual stress calculation is given and the method of choosing rational angles for stacking the reinforcing material is demonstrated in order to reduce the amount of residual thermal stresses that arise in the composite during its polymerization. The dependence of the twisting parameter of a long-dimensional composite profile of constant cross-section along its axis on the modulus of elasticity and the coefficient of linear temperature expansion is plotted. The work explains the mechanism of the emergence of such harmful technological heredity. The value of the residual deformations was estimated.
Based on the analysis of the impregnation process of dry reinforcing material with a binder, the task of increasing the maximum contact area of the binder with fibers is formulated and a possible method of its increase is analyzed. Thus, using the model of capillaries between the fibers of the composite, it is concluded that it is necessary to apply additional pressure to the binder for its deeper advancement between the fibers.
Using a synergistic method of combining knowledge from various branches of industry and based on experimental data, a process of pre-polymerization loading of the impregnated package with intense impulse loading (shock waves) is proposed. This process greatly improves the quality of parts of the units produced.
Technology audit of the Nigerian agricultural sector: towards food security
Authors: Ayo-Lawal Rachael Aderonke
Published: March 2024

Technology-driven innovation has been generally believed to play a key role in the building of a sustainable economy. The object of the research is the audit of agricultural technology for businesses in Nigeria. This research aimed to audit the existing technologies for agricultural businesses in Nigeria, in a bid to determine the technological strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and needs that are required to transform the sector to an enviable status.
The methodology involved the use of a well-structured questionnaire for data collection from 133 randomly selected agriculture-based firms, spread across the country. The instrument inquired about the technology use, needs, and prospective technological potentials. Issues relating to effective utilization, technology diffusion, and factors affecting the firms were also assessed.
The results of the technology audit of the Nigerian agriculture sector revealed the prevalence of medium and low-classed technologies among the surveyed firms, while a majority desired the technologies in the medium-to-high category. Firms scarcely (4.4 %) deploy high technologies, and effective diffusion of available technologies is due largely to human/technical factors. A good percentage of respondents affirmed competency and continuous training as critical factors for the effective utilization of technologies. Finances are critical not only to acquire, but also to run, maintain, hire experts, and perform other necessary activities that would enhance effective use of technologies.
The present results revealed that most firms do not opt for high technologies mainly because of a huge capital base, and unavailability of basic infrastructures such as power, and space which many of the surveyed firms considered unsurmountable. Thus, a lot is required technology-wise for Nigeria to achieve sustainable and innovative agricultural growth.
A novel hybrid ICA-SVM method for detection and identification of shift in multivariate processes
Authors: Özdemir Güler Zümre , Bakır M. Akif , Kardiyen Filiz
Published: March 2024

Detecting shifts in the mean vector of a multivariate statistical process control is crucial, and equally important is identifying the source of such a signal. This study introduces a novel approach that combines independent components analysis with support vector machines to address the challenge of multivariate process monitoring. In this hybrid independent components analysis-support vector machines method, statistical metrics $I^2$ derived from the independent components extracted through independent components analysis from observed data serve as input variables for the support vector machines. The probabilistic outputs generated by the support vector machines model are utilized as monitoring statistics for the proposed control chart, referred to as $I^2-\text{PoC}$. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the independent components analysis with support vector machines approach in both detecting and identifying shifts in multivariate control processes, whether they follow a normal or non-normal distribution. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the robustness of this method in handling various challenges, including complex relationships between process variables, shifts of varying sizes, and different distribution shapes, when compared to existing approaches in the literature.