bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in screening breast magnetic resonance imaging use among US women, 2006 to 2016
Authors: Wernli Karen J. , Callaway Katherine A. , Henderson Louise M. , Kerlikowske Karla , Lee Janie M. , Ross‐Degnan Dennis , Wallace Jamie K. , Wharam J. Frank , Zhang Fang , Stout Natasha K.
Published: September 2020

Background

Supplemental breast cancer screening with breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended for women at high risk of breast cancer. To the authors' knowledge, recent national trends in breast MRI use are unknown.

Methods

The authors used claims data from a large national insurer to calculate screening breast MRI rates from 2006 to 2016 in a US cohort of 10 million women aged 20 to 64 years. Use was stratified by subgroups of women with a BRCA mutation, family history of breast cancer, and prior breast cancer history and stratified by age. Joinpoint regression evaluated annual changes in trends.

Results

The total sample included 37,447 screening breast MRI examinations in 25,617 women. Overall screening breast MRI rates were low and increased from 2.9 to 12.1 examinations per 10,000 women from 2006 to 2016. MRI use in women with a BRCA mutation increased by 21% on average annually from 210.8 per 10,000 women to 1562.0 per 10,000 women from 2006 to 2016. By 2016, women aged 50 to 64 years who had a BRCA mutation had the highest use of breast MRI (1669.6 MRI examinations per 10,000 women) compared with younger women (1198.4 MRI examinations per 10,000 women, 1519.1 MRI examinations per 10,000 women, and 1567.2 MRI examinations per 10,000 women, respectively, among women aged 20‐29 years, 30‐39 years, and 40‐49 years). Women with a BRCA mutation comprised <1% of the current study population but received approximately 9% of screening breast MRI examinations. Breast MRI rates among women with a family history of breast cancer or prior breast cancer history initially increased from 2006 to 2008, but then stabilized or decreased.

Conclusions

The increases in breast MRI use observed in the current study have indicated improvements in concordance with breast imaging guidelines. However, women with BRCA mutations remain underscreened, particularly younger women, thereby identifying a clear gap with which to enhance access.
The development of color of historic buildings on the North Bund of Shanghai
Authors: Gou Aiping , Wang Xuyang , Wang Jiangbo
Published: September 2020

The North Bund is located in the southern riverside of Hongkou District, Shanghai, characterized by rich historical architecture. The yellows make up a large proportion, followed by the reds and neutrals. The auxiliary and interspersed colors center round the reds, neutrals, followed by the yellows. Dominant and auxiliary colors fall into the category of high and mid‐high brightness and the interspersed colors of low and mid‐low brightness. The color development of the historical buildings on the North Bund can be divided into five periods. Before 1843, the residential buildings centered round light colors like light‐gray and white; the palace and temple architecture were ablaze with red, yellow, green and black. From 1843 to 1985, the Colonial Veranda‐style and classic buildings began to emerge. The dominant and auxiliary colors center round light‐yellow and tangerine with high and mid‐high brightness; and the neutrals make up a large proportion. From 1986 to 1919, Colonial Veranda‐style buildings on the North Bund achieved a dominant position, the dominant colors were light‐yellow, dark‐red and gray blue analogous to the neutrals. The color structure was rather unstable. From 1920 to 1937, decorative and modernist buildings gained in popularity. Red made up a large proportion of the dominant, auxiliary colors and interspersed colors, but the interspersed colors were darker, such as pink and fuchsia. The relatively stable structure has the largest number. From 1938 to 1949, the construction industry proved to be stagnant, and preference was normally given to more neutral colors, having no particular distinguishing features
Release of Warfarin from Human Serum Albumin by Water‐soluble CdSe Nanotetrapods
Authors: Banerjee Sucheta , Kistwal Tanuja , Sajeevan Amritha , Datta Anindya
Published: September 2020

Water soluble CdSe nanotetrapods are prepared by ligand exchange from organic‐soluble ones. In order to achieve this, oleic acid, which is the capping agent for as prepared water‐insoluble nanotetrapods, is exchanged with mercaptopropanoic acid (MPA). Shape and size of nanotetrapods are conserved upon ligand exchange. Ground state bleach recovery dynamics remain the same as well. However, they are completely non‐emissive. These water‐soluble nanotetrapods disrupt the secondary structure of Human Serum Albumin (HSA) and consequently, release warfarin bound to the protein.
Identifying the Types and Characterization of the Active Sites on M−X−C Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Yang Jiarui , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: September 2020

Single atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted much attention in recent years. As an essential group in SACs, M−X−C (X=nonmetallic element) materials have been demonstrated to be efficient in many reactions. However, identifying the active sites on M−X−C, especially under working conditions, is still challenging, which is crucial for chemists to further understand the mechanism underlying the reaction and better design proper SACs for specific reactions. Herein, the types and characterization of M−X−C are comprehensively summarized and discussed in this review. In addition to the basic information above, the challenges and opportunities remaining in this field will be also proposed to present a perspective to the research on the next step.
Catalytic CO Oxidation by O2 Mediated with Single Gold Atom Doped Titanium Oxide Cluster Anions AuTi2O4–6−
Authors: Wang Si‐Dun , Chen Jiao‐Jiao , Li Xiao‐Na , Ma Tong‐Mei , He Sheng‐Gui
Published: September 2020

Gas‐phase studies on catalytic CO oxidation by O2 mediated with gold‐containing heteronuclear metal oxide clusters are vital to obtain the structure−reactivity relationship of supported gold catalysts, while it is challenging to trigger the reactivity of clusters with closed‐shell electronic structure in O2 activation. Herein, we identified that CO oxidation by O2 can be catalyzed by the AuTi2O4–6− clusters, among which AuTi2O4− with closed‐shell electronic structure can effectively activate O2. The reactions were characterized by mass spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations. Theoretical calculations showed that in the initial stage of O2 activation, the Ti2O4 moiety in AuTi2O4− contributes dominantly to activate O2 into superoxide (O2−⋅) without participation of the Au atom. In subsequent steps, the intimate charge transfer interaction between Au and the Ti2O4 moiety drives the direct dissociation of the O2−⋅ unit.
Pressure‐Induced Spin Crossover at Room Temperature in a Nanoporous Host‐Guest Framework Structure
Authors: Vatsha Banele , Goliath Rowan , Hearne Giovanni
Published: September 2020

The two‐dimensional (2D) metal‐organic framework compound Fe2(azpy)4(NCS)4 (azpy=trans‐4,4′‐azopyridine, NCS=thiocyanate) has been pressurized in isopropanol and ethanol that act as guest molecules and pressure‐transmitting media. Room temperature conversion of metal‐ion sites from high‐spin to low‐spin states under high‐pressure‐driven uptake of guest molecules was investigated. Upon isopropanol guest inclusion, spin conversion of ∼66 % low‐spin abundance is attained by ∼3 GPa. Spin‐crossover progression stimulated by ethanol guest inclusion is more sluggish and ∼56 % low‐spin abundance is attained by ∼5.5 GPa. This pressure‐facilitated guest‐specific triggering of spin crossover is suggestive of guest‐molecule interactions with the local coordination network of the Fe(II) core, which increases the ligand field. Appreciable low‐spin abundances attained at room temperature upon pressurization, are comparable to maximal ∼50 % spin conversions only attainable below ∼150 K at ambient pressure.
SQM/COSMO Scoring Function: Reliable Quantum‐Mechanical Tool for Sampling and Ranking in Structure‐Based Drug Design
Authors: Pecina Adam , Eyrilmez Saltuk M. , Köprülüoğlu Cemal , Miriyala Vijay Madhav , Lepšík Martin , Fanfrlík Jindřich , Řezáč Jan , Hobza Pavel
Published: September 2020

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Pavel Hobza, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague. The cover picture shows a powerful automated quantum mechanics based SQM/COSMO approach to protein–ligand scoring. It comprises thorough preparation of ligand structures, extensive generation of binding complexes, fast geometry relaxation and reliable affinity prediction. Read the full text of the Minireview at 10.1002/cplu.202000120.
Seasonal herbage accumulation and canopy characteristics of novel and standard brachiariagrasses under N fertilization and irrigation in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Lara Marcio A. S. , Silva Valdson J. , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Pedreira Carlos G. S.
Published: September 2020

Understanding seasonal changes in herbage accumulation (HA) and canopy characteristics of tropical grasses aids management of forage–livestock systems and optimizes use of novel cultivars in traditional and integrated systems. The objective of this study was to describe and explain seasonal HA and canopy characteristics of three standard brachiariagrass cultivars in southeastern Brazil under conditions of N fertilization and irrigation: ‘Basilisk’ signalgrass [Brachiaria decumbens (Stapf.); syn. Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster]; two commercially released palisadegrass [B. brizantha (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) Stapf.; syn. U. brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster] cultivars, Marandu and Xaraés; and unreleased selections of palisadegrass, Arapoty and Capiporã. Grass plots were mechanically harvested every 28 d during the warm season and every 42 d during the cool season to 15‐cm stubble starting in September 2005 and ending in September 2008. Capiporã and Xaraés were the most productive (15.6 and 14.6 Mg dry matter [DM] ha−1, respectively) despite having greater seasonality of growth. Arapoty did not show advantages over the cultivars Basilisk and Marandu, with similar total annual HA (∼11 Mg DM ha−1). Arapoty and Basilisk forage averaged 50% more stems than the other grasses in the warm season. Leaf area index (LAI) and light interception (LI) at harvest did not vary among grasses in Year 1, with an average of 3.1 and 90.3%, respectively, and were generally greater for Marandu in Year 2. Capiporã and Xaraés are options for intensive pasture‐based livestock production systems and for pasture diversification in tropical areas because of their good HA with great leaf proportion.
A high‐resolution hybrid digital pulse width modulator with dual‐edge‐triggered flip‐flops and hardware compensation
Authors: Cheng Xin , Li Bin , Zhu Haowen , Zhang Yongqiang , Zhang Zhang
Published: September 2020

In this paper, a hybrid architecture of digital pulse width modulator (DPWM) which applies a counter, a phase‐shifted circuit, and a carry chain is proposed. Dual‐edge‐triggered flip‐flops are used in the phase‐shifted circuit to generate signals with 45° phase shift, which not only improves the resolution of the DPWM but also reduces the resource consumption in the carry chain. Furthermore, a hardware compensation method is used to solve the duty cycle increment phenomenon that affects the regulation accuracy of converter. An 11‐bit DPWM with the proposed architecture is implemented and tested by Xilinx Artix‐7 FPGA. The experimental results show a high resolution of 32 ps and a good linearity where R2 is 0.99 and verify the effect of duty cycle compensation.
How does peer adversity “Get inside the Brain?” Adolescent girls’ differential susceptibility to neural dysregulation of emotion following victimization
Authors: Rudolph Karen D. , Skymba Haley V. , Modi Haina H. , Davis Megan M. , Yan Sze Wing , Rosswurm Caitlin P. , Telzer Eva H.
Published: September 2020

Exposure to peer victimization is a traumatic stressor, with adverse consequences for mental and physical health. This prospective, multi‐method, multi‐informant study investigated how victimization “gets into the brain,” as reflected in neural dysregulation of emotion during adolescence. Moreover, we examined whether certain youth are particularly vulnerable to compromised neural function (i.e., a pattern of positive amygdala‐right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex [rVLPFC] connectivity linked to poor emotion regulation [ER] and emotional distress) following victimization. In all, 43 adolescent girls completed an implicit ER task during a functional brain scan, and reported on rejection sensitivity. In 6th–9th grades, teachers and adolescents reported annually on victimization. Results revealed that a history of elevated victimization predicted less effective neural regulation of emotion (more positive amygdala‐rVLPFC connectivity) in girls with high but not low rejection sensitivity. Consistent with a differential susceptibility model, high rejection sensitivity was associated with particularly effective neural regulation of emotion (more negative amygdala‐rVLPFC connectivity) in girls with low‐victimization histories. A parallel pattern emerged for a behavioral index of ER. This research provides insight into one pathway through which peer adversity undermines emotional development in ways that forecast compromised future health, and identifies youth who are at particularly high risk following peer adversity.
Comparative assessment of range‐wide patterns of genetic diversity and structure with SNPs and microsatellites: A case study with Iberian amphibians
Authors: Camacho‐Sanchez Miguel , Velo‐Antón Guillermo , Hanson Jeffrey O. , Veríssimo Ana , Martínez‐Solano Íñigo , Marques Adam , Moritz Craig , Carvalho Sílvia B.
Published: September 2020

Reduced representation genome sequencing has popularized the application of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to address evolutionary and conservation questions in nonmodel organisms. Patterns of genetic structure and diversity based on SNPs often diverge from those obtained with microsatellites to different degrees, but few studies have explicitly compared their performance under similar sampling regimes in a shared analytical framework. We compared range‐wide patterns of genetic structure and diversity in two amphibians endemic to the Iberian Peninsula: Hyla molleri and Pelobates cultripes, based on microsatellite (18 and 14 loci) and SNP (15,412 and 33,140 loci) datasets of comparable sample size and spatial extent. Model‐based clustering analyses with STRUCTURE revealed minor differences in genetic structure between marker types, but inconsistent values of the optimal number of populations (K) inferred. SNPs yielded more repeatable and less admixed ancestries with increasing K compared to microsatellites. Genetic diversity was weakly correlated between marker types, with SNPs providing a better representation of southern refugia and of gradients of genetic diversity congruent with the demographic history of both species. Our results suggest that the larger number of loci in a SNP dataset can provide more reliable inferences of patterns of genetic structure and diversity than a typical microsatellite dataset, at least at the spatial and temporal scales investigated.
Intraspecific size variation in planktonic foraminifera cannot be consistently predicted by the environment
Authors: Rillo Marina C. , Miller C. Giles , Kucera Michal , Ezard Thomas H. G.
Published: September 2020

The size structure of plankton communities is an important determinant of their functions in marine ecosystems. However, few studies have quantified how organism size varies within species across biogeographical scales. Here, we investigate how planktonic foraminifera, a ubiquitous zooplankton group, vary in size across the tropical and subtropical oceans of the world. Using a recently digitized museum collection, we measured shell area of 3,799 individuals of nine extant species in 53 seafloor sediments. We first analyzed potential size biases in the collection. Then, for each site, we obtained corresponding local values of mean annual sea‐surface temperature (SST), net primary productivity (NPP), and relative abundance of each species. Given former studies, we expected species to reach largest shell sizes under optimal environmental conditions. In contrast, we observe that species differ in how much their size variation is explained by SST, NPP, and/or relative abundance. While some species have predictable size variation given these variables (Trilobatus sacculifer, Globigerinoides conglobatus, Globigerinella siphonifera, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Globorotalia truncatulinoides), other species show no relationships between size and the studied covariates (Globigerinoides ruber, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Globorotalia menardii, Globoconella inflata). By incorporating intraspecific variation and sampling broader geographical ranges compared to previous studies, we conclude that shell size variation in planktonic foraminifera species cannot be consistently predicted by the environment. Our results caution against the general use of size as a proxy for planktonic foraminifera environmental optima. More generally, our work highlights the utility of natural history collections and the importance of studying intraspecific variation when interpreting macroecological patterns.
Removal of melatonin receptor type 1 signalling induces dyslipidaemia and hormonal changes in mice subjected to environmental circadian disruption
Authors: Tchio Cynthia , Baba Kenkichi , Piccione Giuseppe , Tosini Gianluca
Published: September 2020

Background

Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in a circadian rhythmic manner with peak synthesis at night. Melatonin signalling was suggested to play a critical role in metabolism during the circadian disruption.

Methods

Melatonin‐proficient (C3H‐f+/+ or WT) and melatonin receptor type 1 knockout (MT1 KO) male and female mice were phase‐advanced (6 hours) once a week for 6 weeks. Every week, we measured weight, food intake and basal glucose levels. At the end of the experiment, we sacrificed the animals and measured the blood's plasma for lipids profile (total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol), metabolic hormones profiles (ghrelin, leptin, insulin, glucagon, glucagon‐like‐peptide and resistin) and the body composition.

Results

Environmental circadian disruption (ECD) did not produce any significant effects in C3H‐f+/+, while it increased lipids profile in MT1 KO with the significant increase observed in total lipids and triglycerides. For metabolic hormones profile, ECD decreased plasma ghrelin and increased plasma insulin in MT1 KO females. Under control condition, MT1 KO females have significantly different body weight, fat mass, total lipids and total cholesterol than the control C3H‐f+/+ females.

Conclusion

Our data show that melatonin‐proficient mice are not affected by ECD. When the MT1 receptors are removed, ECD induced dyslipidaemia in males and females with females experiencing the most adverse effect. Overall, our data demonstrate that MT1 signalling is an essential modulator of lipid and metabolic homeostasis during ECD.
A 3 year post‐intervention follow‐up on mortality in advanced heart failure (EVITA vitamin D supplementation trial)
Authors: Zittermann Armin , Ernst Jana B. , Prokop Sylvana , Fuchs Uwe , Berthold Heiner K. , Gouni‐Berthold Ioanna , Gummert Jan F. , Pilz Stefan
Published: September 2020

Aims

Vitamin D supplementation is widely used in the clinical setting, but its effects on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure are unclear. This paper reports outcome data that were collected during follow‐up of 3 years after closure of the EVITA trial (a 3 year randomized, placebo‐controlled, intervention study with 4000 IU vitamin D daily in patients with advanced heart failure), to capture potential latency effects of vitamin D supplementation on clinical outcomes.

Methods and results

The prespecified primary endpoint was overall mortality. Secondary endpoints included hospitalization, mechanical circulatory support implantation, high urgent listing for heart transplantation, and heart transplantation. For group comparisons, we used Cox regression models with a time‐dependent categorical covariate. The calculated net difference in circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D between the vitamin D and placebo groups dropped from 60.9 nmol/L at the end of the active study period to 3.2 nmol/L at the end of the post‐intervention period. During the entire 6 year period, 73 patients (36.5%) died in the placebo group and 76 (38.8%) in the vitamin D group. Out of these 149 patients, 36 and 39 died during the first 3 years, and 37 and 37 during the second 3 years, respectively. The hazard ratio (HR) for mortality in the vitamin D versus the placebo group was 1.06 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68–1.66] for the first 3 years and 1.07 (95% CI: 0.68–1.70) for the 3 year post‐intervention follow‐up. Compared with the placebo group, the HRs for hospitalization and for mechanical circulatory support implant were significantly higher in the vitamin D group during vitamin D supplementation (HR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.01–1.68 and HR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.08–3.76, respectively) but not after vitamin D discontinuation (HR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.62–1.94 and HR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.38–2.56, respectively). There was no significant time‐dependent effect on the risk of high urgent listing for heart transplantation and heart transplantation.

Conclusions

No beneficial latency effects of vitamin D supplementation on overall mortality could be demonstrated. Instead, the disappearance of unfavourable findings in the vitamin D group (higher HRs for hospitalization and for mechanical circulatory support implant) after vitamin D discontinuation supports the assumption of adverse vitamin D effects on the cardiovascular system at doses of 4000 IU daily.
Sensitive Determination of 17β‐Estradiol using a Magneto Sensor Based on Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer
Authors: Nunes da Silva Daniela , Leijoto de Oliveira Hanna , Borges Keyller Bastos , Pereira Arnaldo César
Published: September 2020

The analysis of 17β‐estradiol with high sensitivity and selectivity is extremely relevant to control the impacts that this compound can cause on health and the environment. Thus, we describe the development and application of a magneto carbon paste electrode based on magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MCPE‐MMIP) for determination of 17β‐estradiol. The analyte adsorbed on the MMIP was immobilized on the electrode surface by magnetic capture. The morphological and structural characterization of the obtained MMIP suggests that the material was effectively synthesized. MCPE‐MMIP showed an improvement in the sensitivity for 17β‐estradiol detection when compared to electrode configurations in the absence of this material. The optimum conditions (0.10 mol L−1 phosphate buffer pH 7.0) were reached by differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPAdSV), in which the method presented linearity ranged from 0.06 to 175 μmol L−1 with limits of detection and quantification of 0.02 and 0.06 μmol L−1, respectively. The proposed sensor was applied effectively in the analysis of 17β‐estradiol in river water and raw milk samples, exhibiting excellent recovery values (between 96.20 and 104 %), which were confirmed by HPLC analysis.
Optimization of a cavern‐based compressed air energy storage facility with an efficient adaptive genetic algorithm
Authors: Ebrahimi Mehdi , Ting David S‐K. , Carriveau Rupp , McGillis Andrew , Young Davin
Published: September 2020

Due to the dynamic interactions of the components of cavern‐based compressed air energy storage plants, optimizing this system is challenging and a small change in the design parameters, such mass flow rate, compression ratio, expansion ratio can significantly alter the efficiency of the entire system. An adaptive genetic algorithm has been invoked to overcome this challenge, with system efficiency and exergy efficiency as the objective functions. The proposed method provides more flexibility to the optimization process; instead of using fixed rates for the mutation percentage, it is adjusted individually based on the feedback from both the intensity of a component's distributions in the design space and the relative objective function of that component in comparison to other components. The method is utilized for the efficiency optimization of an 80 MW plant with 9° of freedom. For performing the optimization process an automatic coupling between HYSYS and MATLAB was used. The proposed search algorithm discovered a significantly wider range of data by increasing the chance of design parameters relocation with efficient shifting of the searching domain. Outcomes indicated the merit of the algorithm by 6.4% increase in the efficiency of the plant as well as notably decreasing the number of objective function evaluations.
Performance Analysis of an Air‐Breathing Micro‐Direct Methanol Fuel Cell with an Extended Anode Region
Authors: Zhang Y. , Wilkinson D. P. , Taghipour F.
Published: September 2020

A design approach of extending the anode zone for miniaturization of the fuel cells was investigated in an air‐breathing micro‐direct methanol fuel cell (µDMFC) with an extended anode catalyst region on the walls of the fuel flow channel. This non‐conventional design is demonstrated to be a feasible approach to enhance the volumetric power density of a micro‐direct methanol fuel cell by increasing the total anode catalyst amount without affecting the cell dimensions. The fuel cell with extra anode catalyst on the fuel channel walls improves the maximum power density of a micro‐fuel cell by at least 20% compared to the conventional design with only a catalyst coated membrane (CCM). The effects of key operating conditions on the overall cell and individual electrode performances are examined. The mass transport of methanol to the catalyst active sites is more efficient in the fuel cell with anode catalyst on both the membrane and channel walls than the conventional fuel cell design with anode catalyst only on the membrane.
Numerische Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Reaktionspfählen auf statische Pfahlprobebelastungen
Authors: Henke Sascha
Published: September 2020

In diesem Beitrag wird im Rahmen einer numerischen Variationsstudie der Einfluss von Reaktionspfählen auf das Last‐Verformungs‐Verhalten des Probepfahls im Rahmen von statischen Pfahlprobebelastungen untersucht. Hierbei werden die Einflussfaktoren lichter Abstand der Pfähle untereinander, Pfahllängen, Länge der Reaktionspfähle im Verhältnis zur Probepfahllänge sowie die Anzahl der Reaktionspfähle untersucht. Es zeigt sich, dass bei einigen Konfigurationen die Empfehlungen des Arbeitskreises „Pfähle“ (EA Pfähle) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geotechnik e. V. (DGGT) hinsichtlich des einzuhaltenden Mindestabstands der Pfähle zueinander nicht ausreichend sind, um einen Einfluss der Reaktionspfähle auf das Tragverhalten des Probepfahls zu vermeiden.
Ableitung der Tragfähigkeit aus Probebelastungen an Betonstopfsäulen
Authors: Lerch Maximilian , Neidhart Thomas , Bubenicek Michal , Pandrea Paul
Published: September 2020

Neben den konventionellen Pfahlgründungen werden bei ungünstigen Baugrundverhältnissen oft pfahlartige Tragglieder verwendet, um den Anforderungen an Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Standsicherheit bei der Gründung von Bauwerken gerecht zu werden. Um Erkenntnisse über das Tragverhalten der Säulen zu erlangen, wurden Probebelastungen durchgeführt. Hierbei kamen statische und dynamische Probebelastungen zum Einsatz. Die Tragglieder wurden mit faseroptischer Messtechnik ausgestattet, um eine getrennte Ermittlung der Mantel‐ und Spitzenwiderstände zu ermöglichen. Die aus den Messungen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse zum Lastabtragungsverhalten zeigen, dass die pfahlartigen Tragglieder aufgrund ihrer Herstellung höhere Gesamt‐ und insbesondere Mantelwiderstände als Schneckenortbetonpfähle, die als Referenz mit gleichem Durchmesser und gleicher Einbindelänge in identischen Baugrundverhältnissen gefertigt wurden, aufweisen. Es wird gezeigt, dass praxisübliche Bemessungsverfahren das gemessene Last‐Setzungs‐Verhalten nur bedingt wiedergeben. Die Versuchsergebnisse stellen die Grundlage für zukünftige Anpassungen der Bemessungsverfahren für pfahlartige Tragglieder dar.
Evaluating compliance with process‐related quality metrics and survival in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: Multi‐institutional oral cavity collaboration study
Authors: Liu Sara W. , Woody Neil M. , Wei Wei , Appachi Swathi , Contrera Kevin J. , Tsai Jillian C. , Ghanem Ahmed I. , Matia Brian , Joshi Nikhil P. , Geiger Jessica L. , Ku Jamie A. , Burkey Brian B. , Scharpf Joseph , Prendes Brandon L. , Caudell Jimmy J. , Dunlap Neal E. , Adelstein David J. , Porceddu Sandro , Liu Howard , Siddiqui Farzan , Lee Nancy Y. , Koyfman Shlomo , Lamarre Eric D.
Published: September 2020

Background

Process‐related measures have been proposed as quality metrics in head and neck cancer care. A recent single‐institution study identified four key metrics associated with increased survival. This study sought to validate the association of these quality metrics with survival in a multi‐institutional cohort.

Methods

Multicenter retrospective study of patients with oral cavity squamous cell (1/2005‐1/2015). Baseline patient and disease characteristics and compliance with quality metrics was evaluated. Association between compliance with quality metrics with overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), and disease‐specific survival (DSS) was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Failure to comply with two or more of the quality metrics was associated with worse OS, DFS, and DSS. Adherence to all or all but one of the quality metrics was found to be associated with improved survival.

Conclusions

Process‐related quality metrics are associated with increased survival in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in a multi‐institutional cohort.
Osteopontin Takes Center Stage in Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Song Zhuolun , Chen Wei , Athavale Dipti , Ge Xiaodong , Desert Romain , Das Sukanta , Han Hui , Nieto Natalia
Published: September 2020

Osteopontin (OPN) was first identified in 1986. The prefix osteo‐ means bone; however, OPN is expressed in other tissues, including liver. The suffix ‐pontin means bridge and denotes the role of OPN as a link protein within the extracellular matrix. While OPN has well‐established physiological roles, multiple “omics” analyses suggest that it is also involved in chronic liver disease. In this review, we provide a summary of the OPN gene and protein structure and regulation. We outline the current knowledge on how OPN is involved in hepatic steatosis in the context of alcoholic liver disease and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. We describe the mechanisms whereby OPN participates in inflammation and liver fibrosis and discuss current research on its role in hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiopathies. To conclude, we highlight important points to consider when doing research on OPN and provide direction for making progress on how OPN contributes to chronic liver disease.
How human factors affect operators' task evolution in Logistics 4.0
Authors: Cimini Chiara , Lagorio Alexandra , Pirola Fabiana , Pinto Roberto
Published: September 2020

The spread of the Industry 4.0 paradigm introduced an increasing number of technological innovations into companies to improve logistics processes. During a transition to Logistics 4.0, it is necessary to consider all the issues that affect logistics, among which human factors (HF) are considered to be the most important. On the basis of the existing scientific literature, this article aimed to identify the relationships between 4.0 technologies implementation and HF concerning the evolution of human activities towards different hypothetical future scenarios (i.e., no changes, work replaced, or work assisted), analysing in detail the HF affected by 4.0 technologies. These relationships, which were summarised in a matrix, were also tested through a single longitudinal case study. The research showed that technology tends to replace logistics operators, not only for dangerous physical tasks but also for cognitive tasks that are stressful and repetitive. Moreover, for some tasks in which many different HF are involved, the evolution is towards operator assistance, rather than replacement.
Post‐Assembly Photomasking of Potassium Acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) for Two‐Photon 3D Patterning of PEG‐Hydrogels
Authors: Song Haewon , Wu Dino , Mazunin Dimitry , Liu Sizhou M. , Sato Yoshikatsu , Broguiere Nicolas , Zenobi‐Wong Marcy , Bode Jeffrey W.
Published: September 2020

Chemical ligation reactions of functional groups that can be masked with two‐photon labile protecting groups provide a powerful technology for the three‐dimensional patterning of molecules – including proteins – onto hydrogel scaffolds. In order to utilize readily prepared hydrogels constructed by the potassium acyltrifluoroborate (KAT)‐hydroxylamine amide formation ligation for two‐photon patterning, we have developed a unique post‐polymerization protecting group strategy through the reaction of KATs and dithiols in water and deprotection by two‐photon excitation. After precise 3D spatially confined light irradiation, the unprotected KATs undergo ligations with hydroxylamine‐functionalized superfolder GFP and sulforhodamine B for the composition of three‐dimensional patterns.
Impacts of the periodic wall conditions on the hydromagnetic convective flow of viscoelastic fluid through a vertical channel with Hall current and induced magnetic field
Authors: Singh Jitendra K. , Seth Gauri S. , Savanur Vishwanath
Published: September 2020

In this study, a mathematical analysis is presented for the hydromagnetic convective flow of an incompressible, chemically reacting, and electrically and thermally conducting viscoelastic fluid through a vertical channel bounded by the porous regime under the action of an applied magnetic field with Hall current and induced magnetic field effects. The left wall of the channel is considered to be nonmagnetic, whereas the right wall of the channel is periodically magnetized. The flow within the channel is induced due to the nonuniform wall temperature and concentration, periodic pressure gradient, and periodic movement of the right wall. The method of separation of variable is used to convert the flow governing coupled partial differential equations into the ordinary differential equations that are solved analytically, and the solution for fluid velocity, induced magnetic field, temperature, and concentration is presented in a closed form. Numerical computation has been performed to demonstrate the impact of various system parameters on the fluid flow behavior. It is observed that oscillations increase the primary flow and primary induced magnetic field. Buoyancy forces have a tendency to lessen the secondary induced magnetic field. Furthermore, it is examined that magnetic diffusivity increases the primary flow, whereas it decreases the secondary flow and primary induced magnetic field.
Children's concepts of personal values
Authors: Shachnai Reut , Daniel Ella
Published: September 2020

Values (e.g., achievement, helping) describe what is important to people in their lives. Past studies show that children's values are similar across ages and resemble the values of adults, but this study investigated areas in which concepts of values may vary with age. N = 122 children aged 5 to 12 (mean = 8.97, SD = 1.88) were interviewed regarding values important and unimportant to them. Responses were coded for their level of adherence to conceptual elements in the definition of values. Above and beyond verbal expression abilities, older children's value descriptions were more abstract, transcended specific situations, and were motivation, not behaviour based. In particular, 9–12‐year‐old children consistently outperformed 5–8‐year‐old children across value conceptualization measures. Furthermore, across ages, girls and children valuing self‐transcendence and openness to change described their values more abstractly than boys and children valuing self‐enhancement and conservation. Findings suggest children's values undergo processes of conceptual formation.
Industrial development dynamics: An exquisite examination of European Union and United Kingdom
Authors: Jawad Muhammad , Maroof Zaib , Naz Munazza
Published: September 2020

A better functioning industrial sector matters directly for growth and contributes indirectly to poverty alleviation, unemployment reduction, trade promotion, exchange of goods and services, increased per capital income, GDP growth and so forth. in developed and Least developed countries (LDC). Nonetheless, after global financial crisis and fall of Bretton wood system a new debate was generated to re‐examine the issue after the implementation of financial liberalization policies in different economies. Therefore the present research focuses on examining the predominant determinants of industrial developments for a sample of developed economies and check the comparison between European Union (27 Countries) and United Kingdom. The explicit aim of the present research is to investigate the association between capital account openness (CAO), trade openness (TO), equity openness (EO) and industrial development (IDV) for economies of Europe (EU without UK) and United Kingdom (UK). Time series data set over 1986 to 2017 was employed for empirical analysis. Industrial development was measured by industry value added; KAOPEN as a measure of CAO, TO measured by the ratio of the sum of imports and exports relative to GDP and EO measured by market capitalization divided by GDP. The data sources predominantly included International Financial Statistics and World Development Indicators. Stationarity of data was measured through augmented Dickey–Fuller test, OLS regression was used to examine the association and percentage variation between the study variables. Findings reported only EO and TO as significant predictor of industry development in case of EU. However, EO, TO and CAO does not contribute as a significant determinant in case of United Kingdom. Lastly, the study also explains tremors, subsequent effects and magnitudes, intra‐ and inter‐reliance of constructs under consideration by employing vector auto‐regression (VAR), impulse response function and variance decomposition.
The evolution and heterogeneity of credit procyclicality in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Cuestas Juan Carlos , Lucotte Yannick , Reigl Nicolas
Published: September 2020

This article presents empirical estimates of bank credit procyclicality for a sample of 11 Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) for the period 2000Q1–2016Q4. In the first step, we estimate a traditional‐type panel vector autoregressive (VAR) model and analyse the evolution of credit procyclicality in the CEECs by comparing the impulse response functions for different business cycle periods. The results confirm the existence of credit procyclicality in the CEECs and show that procyclicality is higher during boom periods. Furthermore, we observe the heterogeneity of credit procyclicality in the different countries in our sample. To explain the cross‐country heterogeneity in credit procyclicality we construct an interacted panel VAR model and analyse whether bank‐level competition, proxied by the aggregate Lerner index, constitutes a driving force of credit procyclicality. Our findings indicate that bank competition affects credit procyclicality and explains the differences in credit dynamics across the CEECs. Specifically, we show that the reaction of credit to a gross domestic product shock is on average higher in a less competitive banking market.
Forecasting stock market (realized) volatility in the United Kingdom: Is there a role of inequality?
Authors: Hassani Hossein , Yeganegi Mohammad Reza , Gupta Rangan , Demirer Riza
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we analyze the potential role of growth in inequality for forecasting realized volatility of the stock market of the UK. In our forecasting exercise, we use linear and nonlinear models as well as measures of absolute and relative consumption and income inequalities at quarterly frequency over the period of 1975 to 2016. Our results indicate that, while linear models incorporating the information of growth in inequality does produce lower forecast errors, these models do not necessarily outperform the univariate linear and nonlinear models based on formal statistical forecast comparison tests, especially in short‐ to medium runs. However, at a one‐year‐ahead horizon, absolute measure of consumption inequality results in significant statistical gains for stock market volatility predictions – possibly due to consumption inequality translating into both political and social uncertainty in the long run.
GTPases Arf5 and Arl2 function partially distinctly during oocyte meiosis
Authors: Zhou Chun‐Xiang , Wang Yang , Shi Li‐Ya , Wang Zi‐Bin , Ma Yang , Li Cong‐Rong , Zhang Na‐Na , Zhang Ye‐Xiao , Zhang Fenli , Zhang Dong , Xia Zheng‐Rong
Published: September 2020

Mammalian female meiosis must be tightly regulated to produce high‐quality mature oocytes for subsequent regular fertilization and healthy live birth of the next generation. GTPases control many important signal pathways involved in diverse cellular activities. ADP‐ribosylation factor family members (Arfs) in mice possess GTPase activities, and some members have been found to function in meiosis. However, whether other Arfs play a role in meiosis is unknown. In this study, we found that Arl2 and Arf5 are the richest among Arfs in mouse oocytes, and they are more abundant in oocytes than in granular cells. Furthermore, Arl2 and Arf5 depletion both impeded meiotic progression, but by affecting spindles and microfilaments, respectively. Moreover, Arl2 and Arf5 depletion both significantly increased regular reactive oxygen species levels and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and autophagy, indicating that oocyte quality was damaged by Arl2 and Arf5 depletion. These results suggest that Arl2 and Arf5 are two novel essential GTPases required for oocyte meiosis and quality control.
A note on λ‐designs
Authors: Yadav Ajeet K. , Pawale Rajendra M. , Shrikhande Mohan S.
Published: September 2020

Let and r′, (r > r′) be the two replication numbers of a ‐design . We show that if is a prime power or 33, then is a design of type‐1. We derive two inequalities, where equality holds if and only if is a design of type‐1. Let be a ‐design with two block sizes with points, where is prime and We develop a procedure to obtain exceptions for such type‐1 ‐designs, refining earlier results.
Roles of Pyk2 in signal transduction after gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptor stimulation
Authors: Okitsu‐Sakurayama Shiho , Higa‐Nakamine Sayomi , Torihara Hidetsugu , Higashiyama Shigeki , Yamamoto Hideyuki
Published: September 2020

The receptor for gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) is highly expressed in hypothalamic neurons. It has been reported that GnRH treatment of cultured GnRH neurons (GT1‐7 cells) activated proline‐rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), and Pyk2 was involved in the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 (ERK1/2). In the present study, we first examined the possibility that GnRH treatment might activate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We found that activation of EGFR after GnRH treatment for 5 min was much less than after EGF or heparin‐binding EGF treatment. Next, we examined whether or not Pyk2 bound to growth factor receptor‐binding protein 2 (Grb2). We overexpressed FLAG‐fused Pyk2 in GT1‐7 cells, and immunoprecipitated Pyk2 using an anti‐FLAG antibody. The binding of Pyk2 to Grb2 was detected only after GnRH treatment. In contrast, a site‐directed mutant of Pyk2 wherein tyrosine 881 was mutated to phenylalanine did not bind to Grb2. Studies with small interfering RNA and inhibitors indicated that the activation of Grb2/Ras/Raf/MEK was a major pathway to ERK1/2 activation after the short‐term treatment of GT1‐7 cells with GnRH.
Diverging metabolic programmes and behaviours during states of starvation, protein malnutrition, and cachexia
Authors: Olson Brennan , Marks Daniel L. , Grossberg Aaron J.
Published: September 2020

Background

Our evolutionary history is defined, in part, by our ability to survive times of nutrient scarcity. The outcomes of the metabolic and behavioural adaptations during starvation are highly efficient macronutrient allocation, minimization of energy expenditure, and maximized odds of finding food. However, in different contexts, caloric deprivation is met with vastly different physiologic and behavioural responses, which challenge the primacy of energy homeostasis.

Methods

We conducted a literature review of scientific studies in humans, laboratory animals, and non‐laboratory animals that evaluated the physiologic, metabolic, and behavioural responses to fasting, starvation, protein‐deficient or essential amino acid‐deficient diets, and cachexia. Studies that investigated the changes in ingestive behaviour, locomotor activity, resting metabolic rate, and tissue catabolism were selected as the focus of discussion.

Results

Whereas starvation responses prioritize energy balance, both protein malnutrition and cachexia present existential threats that induce unique adaptive programmes, which can exacerbate the caloric insufficiency of undernutrition. We compare and contrast the behavioural and metabolic responses and elucidate the mechanistic pathways that drive state‐dependent alterations in energy seeking and partitioning.

Conclusions

The evolution of energetically inefficient metabolic and behavioural responses to protein malnutrition and cachexia reveal a hierarchy of metabolic priorities governed by discrete regulatory networks.
Synergistic optimization of Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry parameters on Orbitrap Tribrid mass spectrometer for high efficient data‐dependent proteomics
Authors: Huang Peiwu , Liu Chao , Gao Weina , Chu Bizhu , Cai Zongwei , Tian Ruijun
Published: September 2020

Steady improvement in Orbitrap‐based mass spectrometry (MS) technologies has greatly advanced the peptide sequencing speed and depth. In‐depth analysis of the performance of state‐of‐the‐art MS and optimization of key parameters can improve sequencing efficiency. In this study, we first systematically compared the performance of two popular data‐dependent acquisition approaches, with Orbitrap as the first‐stage (MS1) mass analyzer and the same Orbitrap (high‐high approach) or ion trap (high‐low approach) as the second‐stage (MS2) mass analyzer, on the Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer. High‐high approach outperformed high‐low approach in terms of better saturation of the scan cycle and higher MS2 identification rate. However, regardless of the acquisition method, there are still more than 60% of peptide features untargeted for MS2 scan. We then systematically optimized the MS parameters using the high‐high approach. Increasing the isolation window in the high‐high approach could facilitate faster scan speed, but decreased MS2 identification rate. On the contrary, increasing the injection time of MS2 scan could increase identification rate but decrease scan speed and the number of identified MS2 spectra. Dynamic exclusion time should be set properly according to the chromatography peak width. Furthermore, we found that the Orbitrap analyzer, rather than the analytical column, was easily saturated with higher loading amount, thus limited the dynamic range of MS1‐based quantification. By using optimized parameters, 10 000 proteins and 110 000 unique peptides were identified by using 20 h of effective liquid chromatography (LC) gradient time. The study therefore illustrated the importance of synchronizing LC‐MS precursor ion targeting, fragment ion detection, and chromatographic separation for high efficient data‐dependent proteomics.