bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BCT Boost Segmentation with U-net in TensorFlow
Authors: Wieczorek Grzegorz , Antoniuk Izabella , Kruk Michał , Kurek Jarosław , Orłowski Arkadiusz , Pach Jakub , Świderski Bartosz
Published: October 2021

In this paper we present a new segmentation method meant for boost area that remains after removing the tumour using BCT (breast conserving therapy). The selected area is a region on which radiation treatment will later be made. Consequently, an inaccurate designation of this region can result in a treatment missing its target or focusing on healthy breast tissue that otherwise could be spared. Needless to say that exact indication of boost area is an extremely important aspect of the entire medical procedure, where a better definition can lead to optimizing of the coverage of the target volume and, in result, can save normal breast tissue. Precise definition of this area has a potential to both improve the local control of the disease and to ensure better cosmetic outcome for the patient. In our approach we use U-net along with Keras and TensorFlow systems to tailor a precise solution for the indication of the boost area. During the training process we utilize a set of CT images, where each of them came with a contour assigned by an expert. We wanted to achieve a segmentation result as close to given contour as possible. With a rather small initial data set we used data augmentation techniques to increase the number of training examples, while the final outcomes were evaluated according to their similarity to the ones produced by experts, by calculating the mean square error and the structural similarity index (SSIM).
Differential Immunoexpression of BRAF/V600E, Senescence Markers, PTEN, and T-type Calcium Channels in Acquired Naevi According to their Histopathological and Dermoscopic Classification
Authors: Moreno Sara , Maiques Oscar , Barcelo Carla , Romero Marta , Santacana Maria , Gómez Ignacio , Cuevas Dolors , Velasco Ana , Vea Alvar , Macia Anna , Boix Ramon , Valls Joan , Gatius Sonia , Canti Carles , Matias-Guiu Xavier , Soria Xavier , Marti Rosa M.
Published: October 2021

BRAF/V600E mutation and other cell growth/growth-control mechanisms are involved in naevogenesis and melanomagenesis. Immunoexpression of BRAF/V600E and other molecules (p16, phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), Ki67, hTERT and Cav3.1 and 3.2 calcium channels) were investigated in 80 histopatho­logically and dermoscopically classified acquired naevi. Regarding BRAF/V600E, dysplastic naevi showed lower immunostaining than common naevi, which was significant in comparison with intradermal naevi, which showed the highest BRAF/V600E histoscore. Junctional naevi showed the lowest BRAF/V600E levels. Globular/cobblestone and reticular dermoscopic patterns were consistently associated with high and low BRAF/V600E immunoexpression, respectively, but Zalaudek’s peripheral globule pattern (CR/PG) showed the highest BRAF/V600E immunoexpression. Among global patterns, the previously not investigated multicomponent pattern showed the lowest BRAF/V600E immunoexpression. Regarding the remaining biomarkers, new immunohistochemical features were found, in particular p16 and PTEN low expression in multicomponent pattern; and Ki67, hTERT and Cav.3.1 high expression in CR/PG. In conclusion, histopathology and dermoscopy provide complementary information regarding the biology of melanocytic naevi.
La Sensibilidad Pedagógica como Habilidad del Instructor SENA en el Desarrollo de la Formación Profesional Integral.
Authors: Rojas Navarrete Fabiam Eduardo , Meza Aparicio Diego Antonio
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo tiene como propósito presentar las reflexiones personales del autor, a partir de su experiencia como instructor y en el proceso de acompañamiento y formación con instructores en varios centros de formación del país, sobre el tema de la sensibilidad pedagógica en el contexto SENA. Está estructurado en tres partes: 1.El acontecer del instructor SENA, donde se reflexiona sobre la cotidianidad del instructor y el despliegue del horizonte institucional como campo de acción; 2. La sensibilidad pedagógica en el instructor, donde se aborda la importancia de proteger la sensibilidad pedagógica como garante del proceso educativo; y 3. La manifestación de la sensibilidad pedagógica del instructor, donde se retoman algunas ideas claves que surgen como fruto del trabajo con diferentes instructores en varios centros de formación del país. Finalmente se concluye con el tema de la identidad de instructor con el quehacer educativo.
La Bioética y su Inseparable Relación con la Investigación
Authors: Ávila Morales Juan Carlos , Robayo Téllez Astrid Viviana
Published: October 2021

Los avances técnicos y científicos en salud que se han producido a través de la historia del hombre, beneficiándolos como especie en el diagnóstico temprano, tratamiento efectivo, estrategias de prevención, conocimiento de factores de riesgo para enfermedades que en el pasado eran causa de muerte temprana, entre otros. Estos, son el resultado de investigación aplicada en diferentes áreas de conocimiento, no solo de salud sino ingenierías, ciencias sociales, ciencias exactas entre las más comunes.
Respirar: una cuestión de salud
Authors: Susana Ramírez Colmenares Susana Ramírez Colmenares
Published: October 2021

Este artículo de reflexión tiene como propósito evidenciar la importancia de la respiración en la salud física y mental de los seres humanos, aspecto que no es central en las acciones en salud y tampoco de interés académico de manera predominante. Para comprender la importancia de la respiración se proponen cinco aspectos a desarrollar en este artículo: Respiración de orden fisiológico y biológico; importancia en las culturas y civilizaciones entorno a la respiración; enfermedades relacionadas con una respiración no adecuada; beneficios físicos y psicológicos de una buena respiración. Y por último, se describirán recomendaciones y ejercicios prácticos para mejorar la respiración, en los cuales la tecnología puede contribuir a mejorar las prácticas.
SOMATIC CODE IN A LINGUISTIC CULTURE OF EVENS
Authors: Кузьмина Раиса Петровна
Published: October 2021

В данной статье рассматривается соматический код культуры, являющийся одним из ключевых и универсальных кодов в лингвокультуре эвенов, отражающий восприятие мира эвенского этноса. Материалом исследования послужили изданные двуязычные словари, фольклорные и художественные произведения эвенов, также в статье использованы полевые материалы автора, собранные в ходе экспедиционных поездок в места компактного проживания эвенов. Выявлена специфика вербализации кодового содержания сомонимов в эвенских паремиях и фразеологических выражениях. Определены семантические особенности метафор с компонентами — соматизмами в эвенской языковой картине мира. Анатомическая лексика, участвующая в создании переносных значений, ассоциаций и обладающая символьными функциями, отображает архетипические воззрения и ментальность народа. Соматизмы нашли отражение в пространственной лексике, ландшафтной лексике, в обрядовой культуре, в идиомах, в метафорах, в пословицах и поговорках эвенов. В эвенской лингвокультуре сакральность некоторых частей тела отразилось в төнӈэкич `запретах-оберегах`. Семантизация и понятийная наполненность соматического кода культуры является универсальной и имеет параллели в картине мира других народов.

This article examines the somatic code of culture, which is one of the important and universal codes in the linguoculture of the Evens, reflecting the perception of the world of the Even ethnos. The bilingual dictionaries, folklore and artworks of Even, and the author's field materials collected during expedition trips to the small residency of the Evens were used for data of the article. The specificity of the verbalization of somonyms in the Even paremias and phraseological expressions was revealed. The semantic features of metaphors with elements of somatisms in the ven language are determined. Anatomical vocabulary, participating in the creation of figurative meanings, associations and possessing symbolic functions, reflects the archetypal visions and thinking of the people. Somatisms are reflected in spatial vocabulary, landscape vocabulary, ritual culture, idioms, metaphors, proverbs and sayings of the evens. In the even linguistic culture the sacredness of some parts of body was reflected in prohibitions-amulets. Semantization and meaning of the somatic code of culture is universal and has parallels in the vision of the world of other folks.
Bioethics in the 21st century: challenges and perspectives
Authors: Grebenshchikova EG , Chuchalin AG
Published: October 2021

In this article, the authors review the role of bioethics in the processes of risk communication and socio-humanistic support for innovative development of technoscience, and analyze its commitment to the concepts of precaution and prevention. More focus is put on certain ethical challenges of the 21st century associated with the development of artificial intelligence, deep learning in medicine, genome editing and ‘new parenthood’ practices. They have exploited the potential of bioethics in ethical and axiological reflection on the prospects of healthcare far-reaching reforms and in sociohumanistic assessment of transformed ideas about the human nature, family connections and established social order. It is shown that the experience of complex problem discussion and solving alongside with advisory mechanisms and bioethical procedures respond to pressing challenges of biotechnoscience and will be in demand in future.
Information needs of students under the institute electronic educational environment
Authors: Abdulkhakova Aislu R. , Kormishina Guzela M. , Kaleginа Olga A. , Matveeva Galina V. , Savich Ludmila E. , Yashina Nadezda G.
Published: October 2021

The article describes the results of the study of information needs of students in the formation of the electronic educational environment of the Kazan State Institute of Culture.  The study aims to solve the following problems: identify and evaluate the attitude of students to the use of new information technologies in the educational process; define the range of sources of information used by students; to evaluate the degree and effectiveness of using various elements of the electronic educational environment of the institute. The methodological base of the study was a systematic approach as a direction of the methodology of scientific knowledge, which is based on the consideration of the object of study as a system. This study uses empirical research methods, in particular survey and comparison methods, as well as analysis of publications and regulatory documents. Studying the information needs of students to optimize their information support system, intensify their activities in mastering the basic educational program and improve the quality of training of future specialists.
Vocational education in the context of digital transformation: new challenges and unknown resources
Authors: Aramyan Karine , Krivopuskov Viktor
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the article is to analyze the main characteristics of digitization of the education system on the background of FIR and the transition of humanity to the Digital Age to formulate new tasks arising for education in this regard, to consider new resources for its development. In the course of research, the following will be used: comparative and comparative method; system approach and methods of analysis and synthesis; historical and logical methods, comparative analysis, content analysis. Justification of the expediency of personalized learning in the transition to digital education as leading learning technologies, the need to improve teaching methods and models of digital competencies as well as the system of additional professional education as an effective tool for solving problems in the labor market and employment. The results of the analysis allow integrating international and domestic developments in terms of understanding the socio-humanitarian aspects of the digitalization process, the existing approaches to the digitalization of education.
La capital de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos: una ciudad constitucionalmente adjetivada
Authors: Álvarez Alejandra Boto
Published: October 2021

El trabajo se centra en la Constitución política de la Ciudad de México, aprobada en 2017 y que, en el marco de una tendencia global, da un gran protagonismo al fenómeno urbano. Siguiendo el método de análisis jurídico, se describe el contexto en que surge este primer texto constitucional para la capital federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, y se presta atención especial a su forma y a su fondo. Se destaca en particular el carácter nuclear de la ciudad, que se adjetiva con una profusión muy llamativa. El análisis se cierra con una reflexión crítica sobre el auténtico valor de la norma y de esta adjetivación, desde la perspectiva del contenido normativo aplicable y sus garantías, pero también como símbolo cultural e imagen de consenso.
La responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado
Authors: Sánchez Amed Ramírez
Published: October 2021

La responsabilidad patrimonial resulta una institución que reafirma la calidad del Estado de Derecho. Al calor de la nueva Constitución de la República de 2019, el impacto de la regulación de la responsabilidad patrimonial precisa reflexionar sobre los aspectos esenciales de su tracto histórico, desarrollo constitucional y configuración de su régimen jurídico. A tales efectos, el artículo se propone valorar, al calor de proceso constitucional, el impacto de su regulación sobre el régimen jurídico actual. Las valoraciones que se realizan de la responsabilidad patrimonial en sus diversas esferas de despliegue, permiten concluir acerca de los aspectos esenciales sobre los cuales deben producirse cambios legislativos de modo que se regule y aplique adecuadamente, conforme a su finalidad como garantía patrimonial de los ciudadanos antes los daños sufridos por el ejercicio del poder público.
Survey of emergency response plans for managing the movement of cattle during a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in North America
Authors: Hanthorn Christy J. , Sanderson Michael W. , Dixon Andrea L.
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE

To collect information from US state animal health officials (SAHOs) and beef feedlot managers and veterinarians regarding emergency response plans for movement of cattle in the event of a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in North America.

SAMPLE

36 SAHOs, 26 feedlot veterinarians, and 7 feedlot managers.

PROCEDURES

3 versions of an electronic questionnaire were created and distributed to SAHOs and US feedlot veterinarians and managers to gather information about planned or expected responses to an FMD outbreak that originated at 1 of 3 geographic locations (Mexico or Canada, a bordering state, or a nonbordering state). Descriptive data were reported.

RESULTS

All respondents recognized that the risk of FMD transmission to livestock in their area or care increased as the outbreak got closer in proximity to their location. Most SAHOs indicated that they would immediately close their state’s borders to livestock movement at the beginning of an FMD outbreak, particularly if the disease was identified in a bordering state. During an extended FMD outbreak, 29 of 36 (80.6%) SAHOs reported they would resume interstate movement of cattle under some conditions, including enhanced permitting, whereas feedlot veterinarians and managers commonly reported they would be willing to receive cattle from states where no FMD-infected animals were identified, regardless of permit requirements.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Information gained from this survey can be used to inform disease modeling and preparedness efforts to facilitate business continuity of US beef feedlots in the event of an FMD outbreak in North America.
Гастрономические мероприятия на туристском рынке г. Владивостока: состояние и оценка
Authors: Шеметова Елена Васильевна , Поклад Надежда Алексеевна
Published: October 2021

В статье представлены результаты исследования гастрономических мероприятий на рынке г. Владивостока. Гастрономические мероприятия являются важной составляющей туризма, так как это сочетание гастрономии и событий, которые всегда привлекают туристов и местных жителей. Цель работы – на основании теоретических и практических материалов проанализировать рынок гастрономических мероприятий в г. Владивостоке и оценить уровень обслуживания потребителей. Методическую основу работы составила оценка гастрономических мероприятий с использованием методов сравнительного и статистического анализа, опроса и наблюдения. По результатам исследования были проработаны теоретические аспекты событийно-гастрономического туризма, определены основные организаторы и виды гастрономических событий на рынке г. Владивостока, формы обслуживания, выявлены кулинарные предпочтения потребителей, их требования к гастрономическим мероприятиям, возможности выбора формата участия и финансовые возможности. Уточнен метод «Тайный покупатель» для оценки обслуживания потребителей гастрономического мероприятия более чем по 30 показателям, входящим в такие блоки, как техническое оснащение, гостеприимство, обслуживание, кухня и общие впечатления от посещения. Ключевые слова и словосочетания: гастрономический туризм, событийно-гастрономический туризм, гастрономическое мероприятие, общественное питание, потребители, метод «Тайный покупатель», г. Владивосток.
Use and analysis of UV varnish printed braille information on commercial packaging products
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Graphic engineering, Zagreb, Croatia, Miloš Slaven , Vujčić Đorđe ,   University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Technology, Graphic engineering, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Majnarić Igor ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Graphic engineering, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: October 2021

This paper investigates the possibility of reproducing Braille by UV ink-jet printing on self-adhesive labels, previously printed by flexo printing technology. The aim was to determine whether it is possible to reproduce Braille, the degree of quality of created Braille dots (cells), the legibility of Braille text, and how many layers of varnish are necessary for quality reproduction. The Braille letter was applied to the previously printed label (design) using 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 layers of varnish. It has been found that it is possible to reproduce a quality and legible Braille. With the increase in the number of layers, the assessment of legibility and quality of reproduction by the respondents also increased. Samples reproduced with 12 layers of varnish received a very good grade of legibility and good grade for quality of Braille. Samples reproduced with 8 and 10 layers received bad grades for legibility, and even worse for quality, while samples with a higher number of layers of varnish, 14 and 16, received even better grades. The threshold for quality reproduction would therefore be the use of 12 layers of varnish, where a good ratio of workmanship and economy is obtained.
Statistical evaluation of a Color Managed Digital Printing Workflow (CMDPW) consistency [4th C of CMW]
Authors:   Central Connecticut State University, Department of Computer Electronics & Graphics Technology, New Britain, USA, Dharavath Haji Naik
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this applied research was to determine the Color Managed Digital Printing Workflow (CMDPW) consistency (4th C of the color management) over a period of time [100 days, (N = 100)]. The quality of digital color printing is determined by these influential factors: screening method applied, type of printing process, calibration method, device profile, ink (dry-toner or liquid-toner), printer resolution and the substrate (paper). For this research, only the color printing attributes such as the overall average color deviation [ACD, ΔE (2000)] and the solid ink density (SID) were analyzed to examine the CMDPW process consistency in a day-to-day digital printing operation. These are the color attributes which are monitored and managed for quality accuracy during the printing. Printed colors of the random sample size (n = 80) were measured against the GRACoL2013 standards to derive the colorimetric/densitometric values. Reference colorimetric values used in the analysis were the threshold deviations (acceptable color deviations) as outlined in the ISO12647-7 standards (GRACoL2013). A control charts analysis was applied for further determining the process (CMDPW) SID and ACD variation. The data collected were run through multiple software applications (MS-Excel/SPSS/Minitab) to apply various statistical methods. Analyzed data from the experiment revealed that the printed colorimetric values were in match (aligned) with the GRACoL 2013 (reference/target). Since the SID values of CMYK colors were in control throughout the process, this enabled the CMDPW to produce consistent acceptable color deviation (Average Printed ΔE (2000) = 2.978; SD = 0.437; Acceptable Threshold color deviation is ΔE (2000) ≤ 3.00).
Investigating the Local Stress of Car Deck Ro-Ro 5000 GT
Authors: Alamsyah Alamsyah , Falevi Ahmed Reza , Wulandari Amalia Ika , Pawara Muhammad Uswah , Setiawan Wira , Arifuddin Andi Mursyid Nugraha
Published: October 2021

A deck construction must be strong enough that it will not suffer structural damage if it works under a given load. In this case the strain stress becomes very important from the strength of the deck, as for one that affects the strength of the deck construction, one of which is the stiffener distance. This study aims to analyze the maximum strain stress on the deck of the Ferry Ro - ro. The method used is Finite Element Method (FEM) by varying the stiffener distance in the deck construction. The research results obtained, namely the variation of the stiffener distance of 600 mm. 285.5 N/mm2 and the maximum strain released is 1.76 x 10-3 mm, at a variation of 700 mm stiffener distance the maximum stress released is 378,075 N/mm2 and the maximum strain released is 1.77 x 10-3 mm, at a stiffener distance variation 800 mm the maximum stress released is 383,737 N/mm2 and the maximum strain released is 1.78 x -3 mm, at 900 mm stiffener distance variations the maximum stress is 389,188 N/mm2 and the maximum strain released is 1.79 x 10-3 mm, at variations in distance stiffener 1000 mm the maximum stress released is 425,388 N/mm2 and the maximum strain released is 1.8 x 10 -3 mm, The value of strain increasingly increases followed by the farther distance of the stiffener equal 0.6%, and the stress value is at a variation increasingly increases followed by the farther distance of the stiffener equal 12.24%.
Pro-Poor Growth and the Lognormal Distribution
Authors: Lambert Peter J.
Published: October 2021

A widely accepted criterion for the pro-poorness of an income growth pattern is that it should reduce a (chosen) measure of poverty by \textit{more} than if all incomes were growing equi-proportionately. Inequality reduction is not generally seen as either necessary or sufficient for pro-poorness. As empirical income distributions fit well to the lognormal form, lognormality has sometimes been assumed in order to determine analytically the poverty effects of income growth. We show that in a lognormal world, growth is pro-poor in the above sense, if and only if it is inequality-reducing. It follows that lognormality may not be a good paradigm by means of which to examine pro-poorness issues. In contrast, some popular 3-parameter forms offer the ability to conduct nuanced investigation of the pro-poorness growth-inequality nexus.
On Music and Computability: Contrasts between Harry Partch’s Bitter Music and Guerino Mazzola’s Topos of Music
Authors:   Biological Publishing A&O and Immunology Department, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Allaerts Wilfried
Published: October 2021

The clash of ideas between classical music and several avant-garde movements in the previous century, not only found its way into twentieth century musicology, it also lead to a number of new developments in music digitalization. This paper reflects on the inscription of these opposing ideas about the concept of music into the contemporary views on the human condition and the notion of computability of human interactions. Harry Partch, the American iconoclast broke away from the classic, predominantly European traditions in music, and contested the abstract architecture and well-tempered tonal system of it. The mathematician Guerrino Mazzola constructed an even bigger, abstract formalization system, that allegedly allows for a complete digitalization of music, from the mind and inner ear of the composer towards the scores, the gestures and sounds produced by the performers up to the auditory cortex of the listeners. In this paper we will mainly investigate the philosophical and musicological basis of this formalization system, which is essentially based on the Denotator system and a number of concepts from algebraic topology applied to music. Finally, we will unravel the typical de-humanizing aspects that are followed in the digitalization system as used by Mazzola, and what this approach implicates for humanity (and the human sciences).
Anti-caste Aesthet(h)ics in Contemporary Dalit Cinema: The Case of Asuran (2019)
Authors:   Universidad de Zaragoza (Espña), Herrero Dolores
Published: October 2021

Mainstream Indian cinema has failed to denounce the social realities of casteism, depict diversity and vindicate inclusion. However, the advent of globalisation and new modern media and social platforms have contributed, not only to reinventing the very dynamics of cinema production and consumption, but also to developing new film genres that dare to question and counter hegemonic ideologies and aesthetics. This is the case of Dalit cinema, a movement of visual creative art made by Dalit film-makers with a view to embodying and dignifying Dalit subjectivities and inspiring socio-cultural criticism and resistance. The main aim of this paper will be to show how Dalit films like Vetrimaaran’s Asuran strive to oppose the dominant aesthetics of stereotypical representation, thus denouncing casteist images and even developing innovative or subversive anti-caste aesthetics which prompt spectators to get involved in the ethical issues put forward and can in turn be labelled as anti-caste aesthet(h)ics.
Right radial nerve decompression for refractory radial tunnel syndrome
Authors: Singh Rohin , Lee Yeonsoo Sara , Kouloumberis Pelagia E. , Noland Shelley S.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Radial tunnel syndrome arises due to compression of the radial nerve through the radial tunnel.[1,5] The radial nerve divides into superficial and deep branches in the forearm. The deep branch travels posteriorly through the heads of the supinator where compression commonly occurs.[3,9,7] This syndrome results in pain in the hand and forearm with no motor weakness.[8] This condition can be treated conservatively with splinting and anti-inflammatory medication.[2,4,6] For cases of refractory radial tunnel syndrome, surgical management can be considered. Herein, we have presented a step-by-step video guide on how to perform a radial nerve decompression with a review of the relevant anatomy and surgical considerations.

Case Description:

A 68-year-old right-handed woman presented to the Mayo Clinic (Scottsdale, AZ) with the right elbow pain which radiated to the forearm causing significant difficulties with daily tasks. She had been dealing with worsening symptoms for 4 months. The patient’s history of gardening and clinical presentation allowed for diagnosis of radial tunnel syndrome. After conservative measures failed and other differential diagnoses were excluded, surgical decompression was recommended to treat her symptoms. The patient’s right arm was marked preoperatively between the brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) muscles. The posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm was identified which allowed for the determination of the interval between the brachioradialis and ECRL. Separation of the two muscles allowed for the identification of the radial sensory nerve. A nerve stimulator was used to confirm the sensory nature of this nerve. The nerve to the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) was identified and retracted with a vessel loop. Dorsal to the nerve to the ECRB is the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN), which was identified and retracted with a vessel loop. The fascia of the ECRB was divided both longitudinally and transversely and the supinator below was identified. The supinator muscle was carefully divided to further decompress the PIN. Informed consent for publication of this material was obtained from the patient.

Conclusion:

The patient tolerated the procedure well and reported significantly reduced pain at 7-month follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, video tutorials on this procedure have not been published. This video can serve as an educational guide for peripheral nerve specialists dealing with similar lesions.
A brain-specific pgc1α fusion transcript affects gene expression and behavioural outcomes in mice
Authors: Lozoya Oswaldo A , Xu Fuhua , Grenet Dagoberto , Wang Tianyuan , Stevanovic Korey D , Cushman Jesse D , Hagler Thomas B , Gruzdev Artiom , Jensen Patricia , Hernandez Bairon , Riadi Gonzalo , Moy Sheryl S , Santos Janine H , Woychik Richard P
Published: October 2021

PGC1α is a transcriptional coactivator in peripheral tissues, but its function in the brain remains poorly understood. Various brain-specific Pgc1α isoforms have been reported in mice and humans, including two fusion transcripts (FTs) with non-coding repetitive sequences, but their function is unknown. The FTs initiate at a simple sequence repeat locus ∼570 Kb upstream from the reference promoter; one also includes a portion of a short interspersed nuclear element (SINE). Using publicly available genomics data, here we show that the SINE FT is the predominant form of Pgc1α in neurons. Furthermore, mutation of the SINE in mice leads to altered behavioural phenotypes and significant up-regulation of genes in the female, but not male, cerebellum. Surprisingly, these genes are largely involved in neurotransmission, having poor association with the classical mitochondrial or antioxidant programs. These data expand our knowledge on the role of Pgc1α in neuronal physiology and suggest that different isoforms may have distinct functions. They also highlight the need for further studies before modulating levels of Pgc1α in the brain for therapeutic purposes.
Sonological evaluation of thyroid swellings
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Radio Diagnosis, The Oxford medical college hospital and research centre, Yadavanahalli, Attibele hobli, Anekal, Bangalore. 562107, G Raghu
Published: October 2021

Background: Ultrasonography has become the procedure of choice for the initial evaluation of thyroid gland in many centers. It permits a quick evaluation of thyroid gland; its relationship with adjacent structure and an assessment of the main lymph node chains of the neck. The major advantage of ultrasound is the rapidity with which the images are obtained. In order to study the various typical and atypical sonological features of those lesions presenting as thyroid swellings, this study was undertaken. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate thyroid swelling with reference to-Ultrasonic appearance and characteristics of thyroid gland in its various disorders. Materials and Methods: In this series, during the period from September 2002 to September 2004, 65 cases of clinically suspected thyroid swellings were studied using real time ultrasound. The patients were referred from surgical and medical units of Victoria hospital, Bangalore. Results: 16.92% of patients were males and 83.08% females with male to female ratio of 1:4.9. Maximum number of cases was found in the age group 31-40 years (25 out of 65 cases i.e. 38.46%). Nodular goiter was found in 56.91% and 5 patients of thyroid malignancy of which 3 patients were papillary carcinoma, 1 was follicular carcinoma, and 1 patient was anaplastic carcinoma. The sonographic findings in clinical diagnosis of solitary thyroid nodule in 38 patients only 22 (i.e. 57.89%) of these were truly solitary on ultrasound examination. Of 27 patients referred with clinical diagnosis of multinodular disease, 6 patients had diffuse enlargement of the gland, 20 patients had multinodular involvement on ultrasonographic examination. Conclusions: Thyroid lesions were more common in females with male to female ratio of 1:4.9. Most frequently encountered thyroid lesion was nodular goiter and maximum incidence occurred in the age group of 31-40 years. 11 cases of adenoma and 5 cases of thyroid malignancy were found which included 3 cases of papillary carcinoma suggesting it as the commonest malignancy.
A case of HIV associated cholangiopathy (CAS) - A case report
Authors:   Junior Resident, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be university), Medical College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, INDIA., Gandhi Sahil
Published: October 2021

Diseases of the liver and biliary tree have been described with significant frequency among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and its advanced state, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Through a variety of mechanisms, HIV/AIDS has been shown to affect hepatic parenchyma and biliary tree, leading to liver inflammation and biliary strictures. One of the potential hepatobiliary complications of this viral infection is AIDS cholangiopathy, a syndrome of biliary obstruction and liver damage due to infection-related strictures of the biliary tract. AIDS cholangiopathy is highly associated with opportunistic infections and advanced immunosuppression in AIDS patients, and due to the increased availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy, is now primarily seen in instances of poor access to anti-retroviral therapy and medication non-compliance. Current published literature describes well the clinical, biochemical, and endoscopic management of AIDS-related cholangiopathy. We present a case of 23 year male, presented with the complains of jaundice and severe abdominal pain associated with vomiting which on further investigations and imaging work up turned out to be AIDS cholangiopathy.
Comparison and correlation of CT scan and MRI for focal liver lesion detection and characterization
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, M P Shah Government Medical College and G G Government Hospital, Jamnagar, Gujarat, INDIA., Makada M T
Published: October 2021

Background: Liver diseases create diagnostic challenge for attending clinicians. Role of radiological imaging, particularly newer modalities like Ultrasound, Color Doppler, CT scan, MRI, DSA, are highly reliable. Early identification of liver lesions provides the opportunity for the success of therapeutic approach. Contrast enhanced CT scan and contrast enhanced MRI are most advanced and appropriate modalities to detect and characterize liver focal lesions. In present study we tried to compare and correlate findings of both modalities. Methodology: We evaluated 40 cases of liver pathologies which are suspected in sonography examination. All patients were undergone contrast enhanced CT scan as well as MRI evaluation. Various radiological findings are recorded in standard format. Result: In total 40 patients of focal liver pathology all age groups are included. Male: female ratio is 70:30.Patients are presented with various clinical symptoms like right hypochondriac pain, fever, lump, jaundice, weight loss etc. Benign lesions are found in 40% of cases and malignant lesions are found in 60 % of cases. Most common pathology is liver metastatic lesions which are picked up by MRI with 100% accuracy. CT is able to characterize only 10 out of 13 metastatic cases(77%). Few other cases of benign lesions like hemangioma, hamartoam ,adenoma and FNH are also remained indeterminate in CT scan which all are accurately diagnosed and characterized by MRI and confirmed in histopathology. A case of HCC, lymphoma and nodular dysplasia also remained indeterminate in CT scan and further diagnosed and characterized by MRI.
Common Assessment in Multi-Deprived Schools: The Case of Flood-Prone Schools in Western Kenya
Authors: Erima Gloria
Published: October 2021

The paper draws from a larger doctoral study, conducted between 2013 and 2016 in five flood-prone schools in western Kenya. The mixed methods research investigated: a) how these schools promote epistemological access (EA) and, b) the challenges they encounter towards a socially-just educational experience and comparable learning outcomes to learners. Findings suggested the importance of developing capabilities in a socially-just environment towards achieving (equitable) epistemological access (E)EA) in deprived school environments. There is no question that EA is about schools ensuring the development of capabilities among all learners. To that end, this paper explores the impact of assessment and learner outcomes as determining proxies to epistemological access (EA) and educational progression. It provides an understanding of how EA is measured and how we gauge the extent of learning in disadvantaged schools. In so doing, the paper seeks to provide a clearer conceptual understanding of how modes of assessment and learner outcomes influence (equitable) epistemological access and the educational progression of learners in different learning contexts. It also suggests a model which may be useful for developing policy around curriculum evaluation in multi-deprived settings. This consideration would contribute to the broad concern of social justice in education across all levels in education.
THE ROLE OF THE TEACHER'S PERSONALITY IN EDUCATIONAL WORK WITH STUDENTS
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Gushchin S.N. , Dudorov A.S. , Fomin A.Yu.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the influence of the teacher's personality on the effectiveness of the educational function of teaching students at the Military Training Center of the Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow State Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev.
WATER REGIME OF CHERNOZEM LEACHED UNDER SEA BUCKTHORN ON DEEPFILLING ESTUARIES
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Makarychev C.V.
Published: October 2021

In the humus horizons, the productive moisture reserves in the chernozem in the middle of the slope did not differ much from the moisture reserves at its top. At the same time, in the transition layer of the SUN in the second half of summer, they were significantly higher. This difference also occurred in the soilforming rock. In the lower part of the slope, the meter-long layer of the soil layer contained a greater amount of moisture, which helped to reduce its deficit during the entire growing season. This was especially noticeable in the illuvial horizon and the soil-forming rock. In the second half of the growing season, the ELVs here remained higher than on the upper elements of the slope. In conclusion, it should be noted that only humus-accumulative horizons of Ap+AB needed irrigation with different irrigation norms, depending on the location of sea buckthorn plantations on the slope and the characteristics of their vegetation.
Persepsi Kinerja dan Tantangan yang dihadapi Dokter Gigi dalam Praktik
Authors: Adyatmaka Irene
Published: October 2021

Riskesdas 2018 menyebutkan bahwa 21 dari 34 propinsi di Indonesia, penduduknya mengalami masalah gigi dan mulut di atas rerata. Secara nasional, anak usia 5 (lima) tahun memiliki rerata 8 (delapan) gigi rusak. Penduduk usia 65 tahun keatas memiliki 16-17 gigi yang rusak atau bahkan sudah dicabut karena rusak. Di lain sisi, dokter gigi mengeluh praktiknya sepi dari pasien, sangat kontras dengan tingginya angka kerusakan gigi di masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui persepsi dokter gigi terhadap kinerjanya serta tantangan yang dihadapi di lapangan. Penelitian deskriptif, mixed method dengan potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel secara convenience sampling dengan jumlah subyek studi 409 dokter gigi. Pengambilan data dilakukan Juni 2019. Diurutkan dari besarnya masalah maka dapat diidentifikasi beberapa variabel yang dikeluhkan oleh responden dokter gigi, yaitu: Terkait faktor predisposing dampak pendidikan di FKG: (1) Kurangnya kemahiran menangani pasien balita dengan tantangannya, dirasakan oleh 51%, (2) Kurangnya kemahiran marketing/pemasaran layanan klinik, 50%, (3) Kurangnya kemahiran menangani pasien usia lanjut, 43% (4) Kurangnya kemahiran memotivasi pasien, 26%, (5) Perasaan yang mendominasi responden saat ini mengenai praktik; Perlu inovasi 53%. Terkait faktor enabling : (1) Kurang mahir mengelola klinik 40,3%, (2) Asisten kurang andal, 29%. Terkait faktor reinforcing: (1) Kurangnya Dukungan dinas kesehatan atau pemerintah, 23%, (2) Kurangnya dukungan organisasi profesi, 16%. Hasil penelitian dapat memberi masukan tentang kurikulum di Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi sehingga mata ajaran yang diberikan dapat mempersiapkan lulusan memasuki dunia kerja dan segala tantangannya.
Keanekaragaman dan Kemerataan Jenis Collembola Gua di Kawasan Karst Malang Selatan
Authors: Pertiwi Widya , Bahri Saiful , Rokhim Saiku , Fitria Firdhausi Nirmala
Published: October 2021

Karst adalah bentang alam yang unik yang terbentuk akibat dari pelarutan batuan karbonat atau batuan gamping oleh air hujan. Di dalam kawasan karst terbentuk beberapa gua yang menjadi ci khas dari kawasan karst yang terbentuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman Collembola gua yang berada di Kawasan Karst Malang Selatan. Sampel yang diambil adalah berasal dari tanah yang berada di lantai gua dengan menggunakan teknik Purposiv Sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada empat gua yaitu Gua Harta, Gua Krompyang, Gua Prapatan JLS, dan Gua Lowo. Setiap pengambilan sampel dilakukan tiga kali pengulangan pada setiap zona, yaitu zona terang, zona remang, dan zona gelap. Hasil analisis data menghasilkan nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman H’=0,46121 dan Indeks Kemerataan E=0,28656.
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION (POE): A TOOL TO INVESTIGATE THE RESIDENTS’ SATISFACTION AND PERFORMANCE OF HOUSING PROJECT, CASE STUDY – KANHAPUR, INDIA
Authors: Jiwane Anamika
Published: October 2021

In developing countries like India, very less research has been conducted on the Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) of rural housing projects. This research aims to investigate the performance of an Eco-Village at Kanhapur, India which was designed by the Centre of Science for Villages. Research investigation was based on the occupants’ views on the physical condition of their housing units and neighborhood spaces. The study aided to determine the occupants’ housing satisfaction and thus evaluate the housing quality in the rural housing projects. The results revealed that, CSV, failed in achieving the residential satisfaction and the model of Eco-village collapsed. The housing project could offer them the shelter, but not the livable conditions on account of multiple reasons discussed in the paper. CSV never came back to the community to take the feedback on their living conditions and problems even after 10 years of occupancy. The study of this eco village led to the conclusion that POE can be utilized as a powerful tool to diagnose the residential satisfaction and thereby investigate the loopholes in the performance of housing projects.
Management and Supervision of Zakat at The National Amil Zakat Agency (Baznas) of Bengkulu Province in 2019-2020
Authors: Suaka Mardhatillah , Mardenis Mardenis , Nurdin Zefrizal
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the zakat collection, distribution of zakat, and supervision of BAZNAS Bengkulu Province. The research method used is a juridical empirical type by interviewing directly to the BAZNAS Bengkulu Province and the Bengkulu Provincial Government; after the data has been collected through the interview process, the data is qualitatively processed to explain and expand objective management and oversight of zakat without using the statistical formula. The results of this study (1) The collection of zakat assets is carried out in 3 stages. The planning stage is not carried out with a particular strategy. It is not fixed on a specific schedule, the coordinating stage is carried out directly and indirectly, and the implementation stage is sourced from individual zakat and business entity zakat. (2) Distribution of zakat assets is carried out in 3 stages, namely the planning stage, by forming six work programs. The coordinating stage is carried out by holding a Regional Coordination Meeting (Rakorda). The implementation stage is divided into two: distribution in the form of consumptive zakat distribution and utilization in the form of distribution zakat is productive. (3) Supervision of the BAZNAS Bengkulu Province is carried out internally by the leadership to its staff. External supervision is carried out by the Ministry of Religion, Public Accountants, and the community.
ATUALIZAÇÕES SOBRE EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO NA HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL
Authors:   Escola de Educação Física e Esporte da Universidade de São Paulo  (EEFE-USP).  São Paulo, SP,  Brasil, Amaro-Vicente Graziela , Fernandes Tiago ,   Escola de Educação Física e Esporte da Universidade de São Paulo  (EEFE-USP).  São Paulo, SP,  Brasil, Campos de Brito Leandro ,   Escola de Educação Física e Esporte da Universidade de São Paulo  (EEFE-USP).  São Paulo, SP,  Brasil, Ferreira-Santos Larissa ,   Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São  Paulo (InCor –HCFMUSP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Published: October 2021

A hipertensão arterial (HA) é uma doença crônica, caracterizada por elevações persistentes dos níveis pressóricos com implicações clínicas importantes e alta preva - lência em nosso país. No tratamento da HA, são recomendadas modificações do estilo de vida, incluindo maior atividade física. Diversas diretrizes recomendam a realização do exercício físico (EF) para tratamento e prevenção da HA, porém muitos pacientes não aderem a essa prática. Os exercícios mais recomendados são os aeróbicos e os resistidos dinâmicos. Entretanto, outros tipos de exercício têm se mostrado efetivos para a redução dos níveis pressóricos de pacientes hipertensos e indivíduos pré-hipertensos. Além disso, estratégias como o exercício não supervisionado também parecem ter impacto positivo na prevenção e no tratamento dessa comorbidade. Esses tipos de estratégia têm importância maior neste momento em que a pandemia de COVID-19 e o consequente isolamento social impossibilitaram grande parte da população, principalmente dos grupos de risco, como é o caso dos pacientes hipertensos, de realizar EF em academias, grupos de reabilitação presenciais e locais fechados. Curiosamente, a hora do dia em que esses exercícios são realizados, também parece influenciar a magnitude do efeito hipotensor agudo e crônico nesses pacientes. Além disso, sabe-se que a HA tem fatores genéticos/epigenéticos envolvidos em sua fisiopatologia. Assim, a investigação de mecanismos moleculares como o papel dos microRNAs nessa comorbidade é de grande interesse e ganhou destaque nos últimos anos. Esta revisão tem como objetivo destacar os estudos mais atuais sobre temas envolvidos no controle e tratamento da HA com participação do EF.
Sustainable Transport in Riyadh: Potential Trip Coverage of the Proposed Public Transport Network
Authors: Muhsen Abdelrahman , Toasin Oakil Abu
Published: October 2021

The transport sector has always had high energy demand and is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change. To improve energy efficiency and reduce GHG emissions, Riyadh is introducing an integrated public transport system. Per capita energy consumption is much lower for public transport than for private vehicles, such as cars and taxis. This study investigates the potential impact of Riyadh’s proposed public transport system on car and taxi trips.