bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LC–MS peak assignment based on unanimous selection by six machine learning algorithms
Authors: Ito Hiroaki , Matsui Takashi , Konno Ryo , Itakura Makoto , Kodera Yoshio
Published: December 2021

Recent mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques enable deep proteome coverage with relative quantitative analysis, resulting in increased identification of very weak signals accompanied by increased data size of liquid chromatography (LC)–MS/MS spectra. However, the identification of weak signals using an assignment strategy with poorer performance results in imperfect quantification with misidentification of peaks and ratio distortions. Manually annotating a large number of signals within a very large dataset is not a realistic approach. In this study, therefore, we utilized machine learning algorithms to successfully extract a higher number of peptide peaks with high accuracy and precision. Our strategy evaluated each peak identified using six different algorithms; peptide peaks identified by all six algorithms (i.e., unanimously selected) were subsequently assigned as true peaks, which resulted in a reduction in the false-positive rate. Hence, exact and highly quantitative peptide peaks were obtained, providing better performance than obtained applying the conventional criteria or using a single machine learning algorithm.
A large-scale diffusion imaging study of tinnitus and hearing loss
Authors: Khan Rafay A. , Sutton Bradley P. , Tai Yihsin , Schmidt Sara A. , Shahsavarani Somayeh , Husain Fatima T.
Published: December 2021

Subjective, chronic tinnitus, the perception of sound in the absence of an external source, commonly occurs with many comorbidities, making it a difficult condition to study. Hearing loss, often believed to be the driver for tinnitus, is perhaps one of the most significant comorbidities. In the present study, white matter correlates of tinnitus and hearing loss were examined. Diffusion imaging data were collected from 96 participants—43 with tinnitus and hearing loss (TINHL), 17 with tinnitus and normal hearing thresholds (TINNH), 17 controls with hearing loss (CONHL) and 19 controls with normal hearing (CONNH). Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity and probabilistic tractography analyses were conducted on the diffusion imaging data. Analyses revealed differences in FA and structural connectivity specific to tinnitus, hearing loss, and both conditions when comorbid, suggesting the existence of tinnitus-specific neural networks. These findings also suggest that age plays an important role in neural plasticity, and thus may account for some of the variability of results in the literature. However, this effect is not seen in tractography results, where a sensitivity analysis revealed that age did not impact measures of network integration or segregation. Based on these results and previously reported findings, we propose an updated model of tinnitus, wherein the internal capsule and corpus callosum play important roles in the evaluation of, and neural plasticity in response to tinnitus.
Low energy electrodynamics of CrI3 layered ferromagnet
Authors: Tomarchio Luca , Macis Salvatore , Mosesso Lorenzo , Nguyen Loi T. , Grilli Antonio , Guidi Mariangela Cestelli , Cava Robert J. , Lupi Stefano
Published: December 2021

We report on the optical properties from terahertz (THz) to Near-Infrared (NIR) of the layered magnetic compound CrI3 at various temperatures, both in the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phase. In the NIR spectral range, we observe an insulating electronic gap around 1.1 eV which strongly hardens with decreasing temperature. The blue shift observed represents a record in insulating materials and it is a fingerprint of a strong electron-phonon interaction. Moreover, a further gap hardening is observed below the Curie temperature, indicating the establishment of an effective interaction between electrons and magnetic degrees of freedom in the ferromagnetic phase. Similar interactions are confirmed by the disappearance of some phonon modes in the same phase, as expected from a spin-lattice interaction theory. Therefore, the optical properties of CrI3 reveal a complex interaction among electronic, phononic and magnetic degrees of freedom, opening many possibilities for its use in 2-Dimensional heterostructures.
Virucidal efficacy of guanidine-free inactivants and rapid test buffers against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Davies Katherine , Arnold Ulrike , Buczkowski Hubert , Burton Christopher , Welch Stephen R. , Green Nicole , Strachan Rhea , Beetar-King Tracy , Spencer Peter , Hettiarachchi Nipunadi , Hannah Matthew J. , Jones Matthew , Cane Patricia A. , Bruce Christine B. , Woodford Neil , Roberts Allen D. G. , Killip Marian J.
Published: December 2021

A pathogen inactivation step during collection or processing of clinical samples has the potential to reduce infectious risks associated with diagnostic procedures. It is essential that these inactivation methods are demonstrated to be effective, particularly for non-traditional inactivation reagents or for commercial products where the chemical composition is undisclosed. This study assessed inactivation effectiveness of twenty-four next-generation (guanidine-free) nucleic acid extraction lysis buffers and twelve rapid antigen test buffers against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. These data have significant safety implications for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing and support the design and evidence-based risk assessment of these procedures.
Investigating genetically mimicked effects of statins via HMGCR inhibition on immune-related diseases in men and women using Mendelian randomization
Authors: Yang Guoyi , Schooling C. Mary
Published: December 2021

Statins have been suggested as a potential treatment for immune-related diseases. Conversely, statins might trigger auto-immune conditions. To clarify the role of statins in allergic diseases and auto-immune diseases, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Using established genetic instruments to mimic statins via 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibition, we assessed the effects of statins on asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis in the largest available genome wide association studies (GWAS). Genetically mimicked effects of statins via HMGCR inhibition were not associated with any immune-related diseases in either study after correcting for multiple testing; however, they were positively associated with the risk of asthma in East Asians (odds ratio (OR) 2.05 per standard deviation (SD) decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20 to 3.52, p value 0.009). These associations did not differ by sex and were robust to sensitivity analysis. These findings suggested that genetically mimicked effects of statins via HMGCR inhibition have little effect on allergic diseases or auto-immune diseases. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that genetically mimicked effects of statins via HMGCR inhibition might increase the risk of asthma in East Asians.
Superhydrophilic multifunctional nanotextured titanium dental implants: in vivo short and long-term response in a porcine model
Authors: Mathew Anil , Abraham Silpa , Stephen Shamilin , Babu Anna Serene , Gowd Siddaramana G. , Vinod Vivek , Biswas Raja , Nair Manitha B. , Unni A. K. K. , Menon Deepthy
Published: December 2021

Titanium dental implants with nano or micro-nano topographies generated by hydrothermal treatment are superhydrophilic and demonstrate multifunctional activity in vivo.
Planar organization of airway epithelial cell morphology using hydrogel grooves during ciliogenesis fails to induce ciliary alignment
Authors: Varma Ratna , Poon James , Liao Zhongfa , Aitchison J. Stewart , Waddell Thomas K. , Karoubi Golnaz , McGuigan Alison P.
Published: December 2021

Here we align airway epithelial cells on hydrogel grooves and induce apical-basal polarization and cilia formation. Neither initial alignment, nor maintained alignment on the grooves induced polarized cilia alignment in the epithelial sheet.
Wet-chemistry assembly of one-dimensional nanowires: switching characteristics of a known spin-crossover iron(ii) complex through Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Lada Zoi G. , Chrissanthopoulos Athanassios , Perlepes Spyros P. , Andrikopoulos Konstantinos S. , Voyiatzis George A.
Published: December 2021

An innovative, easy, fast, one-pot, completely wet-chemistry approach has been used for the synthesis and isolation of nanowires (NWs) of a spin-crossover iron(ii) complex.
Synthesis, crystallization and Hirshfeld surface analysis of transition metal carboxylate pentapyridines
Authors: Melvin Marissa K. , Skelton Brian W. , Eggers Paul K. , Raston Colin L.
Published: December 2021

Single X-ray diffraction studies and Hirshfeld surface analysis of three transition metal coordination complexes of Py5Me2COOH reveals the ligand's diverse coordination utility and the structure directing effect of the carboxylate moiety.
Bis-isonicotinoyl linkers containing polyaromatic scaffolds: synthesis, structure and spectroscopic properties
Authors: Delledonne Andrea , Orlandini Martina , Mazzeo Paolo P. , Sissa Cristina , Bacchi Alessia , Terenziani Francesca , Pelagatti Paolo
Published: December 2021

Bis-isonicotinoyl ligands bearing different fluorene cores have been synthesized and their luminescence properties have been investigated in solution and in the solid state.
Insights into the light-driven hydrogen evolution reaction of mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride decorated with Pt or Ru nanoparticles
Authors: Álvarez-Prada Ignacio , Nguyen Anh Dung , Romero Nuria , Hou Heting , Benazzi Elisabetta , Escriche Lluís , Acharjya Amitava , Thomas Arne , Schwarze Michael , Schomäcker Reinhard , Sala Xavier , Natali Mirco , García-Antón Jordi , Tasbihi Minoo
Published: December 2021

A new set of hybrid materials composed of mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride coupled to Ru or Pt nanoparticles, obtained through the organometallic approach, has been prepared and tested in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
A metal-free hydroxyl functionalized quaternary phosphine type ionic liquid polymer for cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxides
Authors: Zhang Wuying , He Qian , Chen Yaju , Luo Rongchang , Zhou Xiantai , Ji Hongbing
Published: December 2021

The Friedel–Crafts alkylation strategy was used to prepare a hypercrosslinked polymer catalyst, which showed superior performance towards the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with epoxides.
Graphitic carbon nitride supported neodymium oxide as an efficient recyclable nanocatalyst for the one-pot synthesis of diazabenzo[a]anthraceneones
Authors: Rahmatinejad Soraya , Naeimi Hossein
Published: December 2021

In this research, a neodymium oxide@graphitic-carbon nitride nanocomposite was prepared and used as an efficient catalyst for the solvent free synthesis of some diazabenzo[a]anthraceneones.
Pyridylarsine-based Cu(i) complexes showing TADF mixed with fast phosphorescence: a speeding-up emission rate using arsine ligands
Authors: Artem'ev Alexander V. , Demyanov Yan V. , Rakhmanova Marianna I. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu.
Published: December 2021

The replacement of phosphine ligands with arsines results in a speeding-up emission rate of TADF Cu(i) complexes through admixing the fast phosphorescence pathway with TADF at ambient temperature.
Association between maternal vitamin D levels and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Rui , Zhou Leilei , Wang Shanshan , Xiong Guoping , Hao Liping
Published: December 2021

Epidemiological studies have investigated the associations between vitamin D and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes; however, the results are conflicting and dose–response relationships remain to be confirmed.
Correction: Nutritional targeting modification of silkworm pupae oil catalyzed by a smart hydrogel immobilized lipase
Authors: Wang Jin-Zheng , Wu Cheng-Kun , Yan Cheng-Hai , Chen Huan , You Shuai , Sheng Sheng , Wu Fu-An , Wang Jun
Published: December 2021

Correction for ‘Nutritional targeting modification of silkworm pupae oil catalyzed by a smart hydrogel immobilized lipase’ by Jin-Zheng Wang et al., Food Funct., 2021, 12, 6240–6253, DOI: 10.1039/D1FO00913C.
Prediction of solubility parameters of lignin and ionic liquids using multi-resolution simulation approaches
Authors: Mohan Mood , Huang Kaixuan , Pidatala Venkataramana R. , Simmons Blake A. , Singh Seema , Sale Kenneth L. , Gladden John M.
Published: December 2021

Herein, we report the prediction of Hansen solubility parameters of lignin, ILs and DESs using multi-resolution simulation approaches. Solvents with closer solubility parameter values that of lignin are said to be better solvents for lignin removal.
Selective degradation of hemicellulose into oligosaccharides assisted by ZrOCl2 and their potential application as a tanning agent
Authors: Gao Mi , Jiang Zhicheng , Ding Wei , Shi Bi
Published: December 2021

The hemicellulose in pubescen was selectively degraded into oligosaccharides for leather tanning.
Dicyanodistyrylbenzene based positional isomers: a comparative study of AIEE and stimuli responsive multicolour fluorescence switching
Authors: Ramya N. K. , Femina C. , Suresh Suganya , Mohanakumari Divya S. , Krishnan Retheesh , Thomas Reji
Published: December 2021

Positional isomers of α-dicyanodistyrylbenzene core systems were synthesized and studied for the AIEE effect and stimuli responsive fluorescence colour switching.
Ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide catalyzed by magnesium and zinc complexes supported by an NNO ligand
Authors: Hu Minggang , Song Xinfeng , Wang Fugui , Zhang Wenzhi , Ma Wenhui , Han Fuzhong
Published: December 2021

Preparation of magnesium and zinc complexes containing unsymmetric tertiary amine ligands and their catalytic properties for polymerization of rac-lactide.
Time-economical synthesis of selenofunctionalized heterocycles via I2O5-mediated selenylative heterocyclization
Authors: Zhou Chen-Fan , Zhang Yun-Qian , Ling Yong , Ming Liang , Xi Xia , Liu Gong-Qing , Zhang Yanan
Published: December 2021

A time-economical and robust synthesis of selenofunctionalized heterocycles by an I2O5-promoted selenylative heterocyclization of olefins with easily accessible diselenides is reported herein.
Organobase 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl guanidine catalyzed rapid ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides adaptive to amine, alcohol and carboxyl acid initiators
Authors: Li Kai , Li Zheng , Shen Yong , Fu Xiaohui , Chen Chongyi , Li Zhibo
Published: December 2021

For amine, hydroxyl and carboxyl terminated initiators, the organobase 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) catalyzes the rapid polymerization to afford polypeptides with controllable molecular weights and dispersities.
Synthesis of nitrogen-tethered 1,6-enynes through CuI/TFA catalysis
Authors: Cao Leilei , Huang Liliang , Xu Xianjun , Van der Eycken Erik V. , Feng Huangdi
Published: December 2021

A new cascade process of the TFA-promoted Pictet–Spengler reaction and Cu-catalyzed intermolecular hydride transfer/alkynylation of an amine, formaldehyde solution, and an alkyne has been developed.
Bromine and oxygen redox species mediated highly selective electro-epoxidation of styrene
Authors: Zhang Yuchi , Iqbal Asma , Zai Jiantao , Zhang Shu-Yu , Guo Hongran , Liu Xuejiao , ul Islam Ibrahim , Fazal Hira , Qian Xuefeng
Published: December 2021

Olefin epoxidation is an essential transformation and arouses great interest among the scientific community for the key role of epoxide in the chemical industry.
Thermal degradation of defective high-surface-area UiO-66 in different gaseous environments
Authors: Athar Muhammad , Rzepka Przemyslaw , Thoeny Debora , Ranocchiari Marco , Anton van Bokhoven Jeroen
Published: December 2021

The crystallinity of the framework of UiO-66 with defects is lost upon heating at 250 °C, whereas the decomposition starts at ∼450 °C depending on the conditions. Tetragonal zirconia forms as a dominant decomposition product on heating up to 600 °C.
Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfamidic acid: an anolyte with low decomposition rates at elevated temperatures
Authors: Rohland Philip , Schreyer Kristin , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: December 2021

A new anthraquinone based anolyte material for redox flow batteries revealed an extraordinarily high stability at elevated electrolyte temperatures.
Dunaliella Salinas based Sn–carbon anode for high-performance Li-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Yuhua , Dong Yecheng , Zhang Ziwei , Xi Zhichao , Xiang Junhuai , Ouyang Xiaohua , Wang Tingting , Qiu Li , Zhou Jun
Published: December 2021

Long life, high capacity, environmental friendliness and good rate performance are the most important elements in the research of lithium ion batteries (LIBs).
The interesting luminescence behavior and rare nonlinear optical properties of the {Ag55Mo6} nanocluster
Authors: Zhou Kun , Yan Li-Kai , Geng Yun , Ji Jiu-Yu , Wang Xin-Long , Su Zhong-Min , Xiao Zheng-Guo
Published: December 2021

The reversible thermochromic luminescence and rare third-order NLO properties of the {Ag55Mo6} nanocluster reported were studied experimentally, and the contributions of Ag+, CC− and MoO42− groups to NLO properties were proved by DFT calculations.
Design and synthesis of water-soluble grifolin prodrugs for DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) down-regulation
Authors: Wang Liguo , Wu Yue , Li Zhenzhen , Lan Tianlong , Zhao Xu , Lv Wenxing , Shi Feng , Luo Xiangjian , Rao Yu , Cao Ya
Published: December 2021

In this work, a series of prodrugs of grifolin with much improved solubility and stability were designed and synthesis, which potently downregulated DNMT1 and inhibited tumor proliferation in vitro and in vivo.
Highly efficient and self-supported 3D carbon nanotube composite electrode for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zheng Bo , Zhou Yue , Pan Zhaorui , Liu Guangxiang , Lang Leiming
Published: December 2021

A binder-free and self-supported 3D-CNT composite electrode was prepared, containing multi-components of NiFe nanoalloys, N doping and Fe/Ni–Nx–C structures, synergistically promoting the electrocatalytic activity of oxygen reduction reaction.
Structural evolution and dielectric properties of biaxially oriented polyethylene/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite films
Authors: Li Meihan , Shi Guangsheng , Feng Qiang , Li Jiang , Zhang Jie , Guo Shaoyun
Published: December 2021

The more uniform dispersion of MWCNTs in the matrix was caused by the high biaxial drawing ratios. Trace amounts of fillers were added to maintain low dielectric loss while increasing the dielectric properties of the BOPE/MWCNT composite films.
Ferrocene donor linked to pyridine/pyridinium acceptor via a systematically enlarged π-linker
Authors: Kulhánek Jiří , Klikar Milan , Pytela Oldřich , Růžičková Zdenka , Bureš Filip
Published: December 2021

Nine chromophores with ferrocene donor and pyridine/pyridinium acceptors have been prepared and further investigated.
Opportunities in Na/K [hexacyanoferrate] frameworks for sustainable non-aqueous Na+/K+ batteries
Authors: Tyagi Ashwani , Nagmani  , Puravankara Sreeraj
Published: December 2021

The review focuses on the alkali metal hexacyanoferrates (AMHCFs) as cathodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) for sustainable and economic Li-free future energy storage solutions.
V-doped T-Nb2O5 toward high-performance Mg2+/Li+ hybrid ion batteries
Authors: Huang Huihuang , Zhao Guangyu , Yu Xianbo , Shen Xiaojie , Wang Ming , Bai Xiaoming , Zhang Naiqing
Published: December 2021

V-doped T-Nb2O5 possesses reduced band gap, boosted ionic transportation and superior structural stability, resulting in excellent rate performance and cycling stability.
Beginner’s guide to next-generation sequencing
Authors: Aigrain Louise
Published: December 2021

Since the publication of the first draft of the human genome 20 years ago, several novel sequencing technologies have emerged. Whilst some drive the cost of DNA sequencing down, others address the difficult parts of the genome which remained inaccessible so far. But the next-generation sequencing (NGS) landscape is a fast-changing environment and one can easily get lost between second- and third- generation sequencers, or the pros and cons of short- versus long-read technologies. In this beginner’s guide to NGS, we will review the main NGS technologies available in 2021. We will compare sample preparation protocols and sequencing methods, highlighting the requirements and advantages of each technology.
A possible solution to the Milky Way’s binary-deficient retrograde stellar population
Authors: Marks Michael , Kroupa Pavel , Dabringhausen Jörg
Published: December 2021

Context. The fraction of field binaries on retrograde orbits about the Milky Way is significantly lower compared to its prograde counterpart. Chemical and dynamical evidence suggests that the retrograde stellar population originates from ω Centauri, which is either the most massive globular cluster (GC) of the Milky Way or the putative core of a former dwarf galaxy.

Aims. Star formation conditions required to produce the retrograde binary population are constrained assuming that the retrograde stellar population originates from ω Centauri’s progenitor.

Methods. We match the observed low binary fraction with dynamical population synthesis models, including a universal initial binary population and dynamical processing in star clusters, making use of the publicly available binary population synthesis tool BIPOS1.

Results. It is found that either the GC progenitor of ω Cen must have formed with a stellar density of ≈108 M⊙ pc−3 or the ω Centauri dwarf galaxy’s progenitor star cluster population must have formed in an extreme starburst with a star formation rate exceeding 1000 M⊙ yr−1 and probably a top-heavy embedded-cluster mass function with suppressed low-mass cluster formation. The separation and mass-ratio distribution for retrograde field binaries are predicted for comparison with future observations.

Conclusions. A viable solution for the deficiency of binaries on retrograde orbits is presented, and star formation conditions for ω Centauri as well as orbital parameter distributions for the Milky Way’s retrograde binary population are predicted. The dwarf galaxy origin for ω Centauri is tentatively preferred within the present context.
Dynamic crack mechanism model place in the designing of the buildings
Authors: Nyikes Zoltán , Kovács Tünde Anna
Published: December 2021

The materials that we use always have some defects. Under static, cycling or dynamic load the materials as a function of the crack size and load environment can initiate a fracture. The crack mechanism depends on several factors, like material properties, crack type and the stress kind. The traditional fracture mechanics theories suggest several solutions to predict the crack-grow and the fracture. The fracture mechanism theories are well known in the case of the elastic-plastic behaviour materials and also for the brittle materials under different strain like a high cycle and low cycle fatigue load. These theories are supported by test results. Several researchers evaluated different test methods for determining the fracture toughness on the base of crack-grow behaviour by dynamic tests and determining dynamic fracture toughness. The paper brings the results of the brick blast resistance under the blast load. Damage level was detected as a function of the test setup parameters. The bricks were pre-cracked before the test. The results show that the fracture can be guided by the pre-cracking and decrease the blast affected damage.
Explosives and burglary resistance of barriers. Determination of burglary resistance factors
Authors: Zvaková Zuzana , Boroš Martin
Published: December 2021

The explosion has various effects on its environment. The barriers, unless there is a requirement, are not designed for the specific blast load. There are currently no technical standards that regulate the resistance of commonly used elements of mechanical barriers exposed to a blastwave. Current technical standards focus on the resistance of certain elements, structurally made in a way to improve their resistance against the effect of explosions. These technical standards are used to certify elements into various classes of blast resistance. The paper is focused on the problem of determining the burglary resistance factors when explosives are used to overcome the mentioned barriers.
How has neoliberalism weakened science?
Authors: Davi Hendrik , Modicom Pierre-Yves , Durand Jean-Louis , Eldin Carole
Published: December 2021

The current Covid-19 pandemic, and before that, the environmental crisis due to climate change, raise major questions about the relationship between science and society. More than ever, public opinions in OCDE countries question the legitimacy of scientists and scientific knowledge. The reasons for this fracture are obviously multiple and complex, but we believe that applying neoliberalism principles to research has contributed to it. In this article, we show how the funding of research by private institutions, staff precariousness, the ‘publish or perish’ policy have changed the way in which scientific knowledge is produced and decreased the confidence of citizens regarding scientific output. We believe it is high time to launch a wide debate on these issues within the scientific community. We should take advantage of both the climate and the health crises to put fundamental scientific issues and the role of scientists in society back on the table, so that science as a social activity (production and diffusion) is taken back into the hands of scientists in public institutions where conflicts with private interests are limited.
Dans l’ombre du génie génétique : le génie métabolique
Authors: Raimbault Benjamin
Published: December 2021

Cet article se propose d’interroger la réduction du processus de molécularisation du vivant à sa dimension informationnelle à partir des années 1970-1980 en réintégrant une ontologie chimique du vivant qui se caractérise par la centralité des questions de production et une grande proximité avec l’industrie. La mise en visibilité et la caractérisation d’une molécularisation chimique du vivant sont enquêtées à partir de la naissance et la stabilisation d’un domaine scientifique peu connu : l’ingénierie métabolique. Pour cela, nous nous appuyons sur un travail associant analyse scientométrique d’un corpus de 6 288 articles scientifiques, traitement d’archives d’un centre de recherche ainsi qu’une série d’entretiens semi-directifs avec plusieurs figures fondatrices de l’ingénierie métabolique.
Rheumatologie und Hepatologie
interdisziplinär
Authors: Kunkel Jan , Schott Eckart
Published: December 2021

Rheumatologische und hepatologische Erkrankungen haben einige
Überschneidungen, die für Behandler aus beiden Disziplinen
relevant sind. In dieser Übersicht wird ein Schlaglicht auf 2
Erkrankungen geworfen, die sich an der Schnittstelle befinden: Arthropathie bei
Hämochromatose und Systemische Sklerose bei Primär
Biliärer Cholangitis. Daneben werden hepatologische Fragestellungen bei
rheumatologischer Therapie beleuchtet.
Effekte einer oralen Mangansupplementierung mit unterschiedlichen Verbindungen auf die Mangankonzentrationen in Vollblut und Serum von Stuten und Saugfohlen
Authors: Theiner Elena , Weber Corinna , Müller Elisabeth , Venner Monica , Finkler-Schade Christa , Vervuert Ingrid
Published: December 2021

Ziel Überprüfung von Effekten einer oralen Ergänzung von Mangan (Mn) auf die Mn-Konzentration im Blut laktierender Warmblutstuten und die Untersuchung der Beziehung zwischen der Mn-Versorgung der Mutterstuten und ihrer Saugfohlen.

Material und Methoden Für die 90-tägige Fütterungssphase wurden laktierende Stuten in 3 Gruppen eingeteilt und erhielten täglich ein Placebo (n = 11) oder eine Mn-Zulage von 560 mg Mn als Mn-Sulfat (n = 11) oder Mn-Chelat (n = 11) zusätzlich zur Mn-Aufnahme aus der Grundration (Heu ad libitum, Totale Mischration: Mn-Aufnahme ~100 mg/kg Trockenmasse). In 14-tägigen Abständen wurden Blutproben von den Stuten und Fohlen entnommen. Die Mn-Bestimmung im Serum und Vollblut sowie in der Stutenmilch erfolgte mittels Massenspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma, die Mn-Analyse in repräsentativen Futterproben mittels Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie. Zur Datenauswertung diente die Software IBM SPSS Statistics 27 (IBM Deutschland GmbH, Ehningen).

Ergebnisse Während der Supplementierung zeigten die Stuten im Vollblut (Median: 15,6 µg/l; 25.–75. Perzentil: 12,8–18,5 µg/l) 10-fach höhere Mn-Konzentrationen als im Serum (Median: 1,54 µg/l; 25.–75. Perzentil: 1,20–1,90 µg/l). Die Fohlen wiesen 16,4-fach höhere Mn-Konzentrationen im Vollblut (Median: 21,3 µg/l; 25.–75. Perzentil: 16,7–28,1 µg/l) im Vergleich zum Serum (Median: 1,50 µg/l; 25.–75. Perzentil: 1,30–1,70 µg/l) auf. Die Mn-Vollblutspiegel der Fohlen entsprachen der 1,6-fachen Mn-Konzentration ihrer Mutterstuten. Die Milch enthielt eine mediane Mn-Konzentration von 0,012 mg/kg Frischmasse. Die Mn-Supplementierung hatte keinen Effekt auf die Mn-Spiegel im Blut von Stuten und ihren Fohlen.

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Die Mn-Supplementierung beeinflusste die Mn-Konzentrationen im Blut nicht, es unterschieden sich aber die Mn-Gehalte zwischen Serum und Vollblut. Ferner lagen die Mn-Spiegel im Vollblut der Fohlen höher als die der Stuten, obwohl die Mn-Konzentrationen – unabhängig von der Supplementierung – in der Stutenmilch niedrig waren. Aufgrund des geringen Mn-Gehalts der Milch ist eine Mn-Zufuhr, vorzugsweise über das Raufutter, notwendig, um die Mn-Versorgung der Fohlen sicherzustellen.
COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis, A New Incident in Recent Time: Is An Emerging Disease in The Near Future Impending?
Authors: Ray Suman Kumar , Mukherjee Sukhes
Published: December 2021

Mucormycosis (also known as black fungus) is caused by fungi of the Zygomycetes class and is the third most common invasive mycosis after candidiasis and aspergillosis. They colonize a large number of patients without invading them. Systemic glucocorticoids are currently used to treat severe Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). In such patients, opportunistic fungal infections are a problem. Although COVID-19-related pulmonary aspergillosis is becoming more common, mucormycosis is still uncommon. Mucormycosis normally appears 10 to 14 days after being admitted to the hospital. Mucormycosis is a rare but dangerous infection that can make extreme COVID-19 worse.

Mucormycosis is more likely to occur in people who have diabetes mellitus and other risk factors. Mucormycosis is most likely exacerbated by concurrent glucocorticoid treatment. To improve outcomes, a high index of suspicion and aggressive management is required. Excessive usage of steroids, monoclonal antibodies, and broad-spectrum antibiotics might cause the formation or worsen of a fungal infection.

A high index of suspicion and aggressive management are needed. In patients with COVID-19 infection, physicians should be vigilant of the likelihood of subsequent invasive fungal infections. To enhance results in pulmonary mucormycosis, early diagnosis and treatment are critical. Confirmation of the clinical form necessitates a combination of symptoms that are consistent with tissue invasion histologically. Combining various clinical data and the isolation of the fungus from clinical samples in culture is needed for the probable diagnosis of mucormycosis. The organism that causes mucormycosis is identified using macroscopic and microscopic morphological criteria, carbohydrate assimilation, and the maximum temperature at which they can expand. Mucormycosis must be treated with antifungal medication prescribed by a doctor. It may necessitate surgery in some circumstances, and it can result in the loss of the upper jaw and, in some situations, an eye.
Structured Reporting in Musculoskeletal Radiology
Authors: Kohli Ajay , Castillo Samantha , Thakur Uma , Chhabra Avneesh
Published: December 2021

Musculoskeletal (MSK) radiologists are predominantly consultants in the service departments of health care. Unlike the manufacturing industry, quality controls are difficult to institute in a service industry and more variability is expected. Structured reporting is a unique way to institute quality standards, and by using the checklist approach with uniform terminology, it can lead to more homogeneity and consistency of reporting, concise lexicon use within and across practices, minimization of errors, enhancement of divisional and departmental branding, improvement of interdisciplinary communications, and future data mining. We share our experience from more than a decade of structured reporting in the domain of MSK radiology, our practice standards, and how reporting has evolved in our MSK practice. Further discussions include future directions aided by machine learning approaches with augmented reality and the possibility of virtual fellowship and training using consistent lexicons and structured reporting.
Successful Use of Inhalational Anesthesia and Electroconvulsive Therapy in a Child with New Onset Prolonged Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus
Authors: Mehra Bharat , Sabharwal Ramakant , Sachdev Anil , Kumar Praveen , Mehta Rajiv , Gupta Neeraj
Published: December 2021

The treatment of super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) and prolonged SRSE rests on urgent seizure control to minimize excitotoxic cerebral damage, other forms of neurologic damage, and multiple medical complications. To date no randomized controlled trials or clear-cut guidelines are available for the management of SRSE. We reported the case of a 10-year-old previously healthy male child patient who presented with a febrile illness and new onset prolonged SRSE that became refractory to multiple antiseizure medications (ASMs). Coma induction with anesthetic agents, 14 ASMs, ketogenic diet, immunotherapy failed to completely control the SRSE in our patient. On day 22, clinical and electroencephalographic seizure control was achieved with isoflurane inhalation anesthesia, which was continued for 3 weeks but was unable to be weaned. From day 57 onwards, electroconvulsive therapy was administered (total 14 sessions that resulted in complete control of seizures). He was discharged on the 80th day.
Pulsed magnetic field generation system for laser-plasma research
Authors: Luchinin A. G. , Malyshev V. A. , Kopelovich E. A. , Burdonov K. F. , Gushchin M. E. , Morozkin M. V. , Proyavin M. D. , Rozental R. M. , Soloviev A. A. , Starodubtsev M. V. , Fokin A. P. , Fuchs J. , Glyavin M. Yu.
Published: December 2021

An up to 15 T pulsed magnetic field generator in a volume of a few cubic centimeters has been developed for experiments with magnetized laser plasma. The magnetic field is created by a pair of coils placed in a sealed reservoir with liquid nitrogen, installed in a vacuum chamber with a laser target. The bearing body provides the mechanical strength of the system both in the case of co-directional and oppositely connected coils. The configuration of the housing allows laser radiation to be introduced into the working area between the coils in a wide range of directions and focusing angles, places targets away from the symmetry axis of the magnetic system, and irradiates several targets simultaneously.
The influence of wave–current on the motion response of air-floating structure
Authors: Wang Pengwen , Wang Haijun , Guo Yaohua , Yang Xu , Ye Fangdi , Yang Yilin , Lian Jijian
Published: December 2021

In recent years, air-floating foundations are increasingly used in offshore structures based on their rapid and efficient transportation and installation process. To investigate the static and dynamic stability of an air-floating structure, this paper compares the structural responses of different floating structure forms and draft heights by means of the theoretical formula and model tests. The results indicate that the adoption of the air-floating structure can significantly reduce the structural responses of the structure under the action of wave and current, and air-floating technology can be popularized and applied in practical engineering. The air-floating reduction coefficient increases with the increase in draft height. Regarding the air-floating reduction coefficient, the regular wave test result is the largest, followed by the current-irregular wave test result, and the theoretical calculation result is the smallest.
A high performance active noise control system for magnetic fields
Authors: Pyragius Tadas , Jensen Kasper
Published: December 2021

We present a system for active noise control of environmental magnetic fields based on a filtered-x least mean squares algorithm. The system consists of a sensor that detects the ambient field noise and an error sensor that measures the signal of interest contaminated with the noise. These signals are fed to an adaptive algorithm that constructs a physical anti-noise signal canceling the local magnetic field noise. The proposed system achieves a maximum of 35 dB root-mean-square noise suppression in the DC-1 kHz band and 55 and 50 dB amplitude suppression of 50 and 150 Hz AC line noise, respectively, for all three axial directions of the magnetic vector field.
The absence of superconductivity in the next-to-leading order Ginzburg–Landau functional for Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer superconductor
Authors: Rybakov Filipp N. , Babaev Egor
Published: December 2021

Shortly after the Gor’kov microscopic derivation of the Ginzburg–Landau (GL) model via a small order parameter expansion in Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer theory of superconductivity, the derivation was carried to next-to-leading order in that parameter and its spatial derivatives. The aim was to obtain a generalized GL free energy that approximates the microscopic model better. Since 1960s, multiple works have claimed or implicitly assumed that this extended GL model corresponds to the free energy and has solutions in the form of local minima describing superconductivity, such as vortex solutions. In contrast to this, we prove that this extended GL functional does not represent free energy since it does not have any solutions in the form of minima. Accordingly, it cannot be used to describe superconducting states.
High finesse microcavities in the optical telecom O-band
Authors: Fait J. , Putz S. , Wachter G. , Schalko J. , Schmid U. , Arndt M. , Trupke M.
Published: December 2021

Optical microcavities allow us to strongly confine light in small mode volumes and with long photon lifetimes. This confinement significantly enhances the interaction between light and matter inside the cavity with applications such as optical trapping and cooling of nanoparticles, single-photon emission enhancement, quantum information processing, and sensing. For many applications, open resonators with direct access to the mode volume are necessary. Here, we report on a scalable, open-access optical microcavity platform with mode volumes <30λ3 and finesse approaching 5×105. This result significantly exceeds the highest optical enhancement factors achieved to date for Fabry–Pérot microcavities. This platform provides a building block for high-performance quantum devices relying on strong light–matter interactions.
The thickness dependence of the field-like spin–orbit torque in heavy metal/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures
Authors: Han Bo , Zhang Bo , Sun Shuling , Wang Bo , Guo Yonghai , Cao Jiangwei
Published: December 2021

We investigated the ferromagnet (FM) and heavy metal (HM) thickness dependence of the electric current-induced spin orbit torque (SOT), especially the field-like (FL) torque component in HM/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures. For Pt/CoFeB/MgO and Ta/CoFeB/MgO structures, after subtracting the dead-layer thickness of CoFeB, the damping-like (DL) effective field follows 1/tFM dependence, while the FL effective field deviates from 1/tFM dependence at the ultra-thin FM thickness range, indicating that an extra origination of FL torque, i.e., spin backflow at the FM/MgO interface, is responsible for the large FL torque in HM/CoFeB/MgO structures with a ultra-thin CoFeB layer. For Ta/Pt(tPt)/CoFeB(1)/MgO structures, the FL-SOT exhibits a gradual change similar to the DL-SOT, suggesting that the spin Hall effect is the dominant origination of spin current, which enhances the FL-SOT in the HM/CoFeB/MgO structures by the spin backflow effect when tCoFeB is less than the spin dephasing length. We also demonstrated that the obvious dead-layer thickness at the Ta/CoFeB interface reduces the effective CoFeB thickness and enhances the spin backflow effect further.
Wetting of surfaces decorated by gas-phase synthesized silver nanoparticles: Effects of Ag adatoms, nanoparticle aging, and surface mobility
Authors: ten Brink Gert H. , Zhu Xiaotian , Guo Weiteng , Blauw K. , Assink L. , Svetovoy V. B. , Kooi Bart J. , Palasantzas George
Published: December 2021

The wetting state of surfaces can be rendered to a highly hydrophobic state by the deposition of hydrophilic gas phase synthesized Ag nanoparticles (NPs). The aging of Ag NPs leads to an increase in their size, which is also associated with the presence of Ag adatoms on the surface between the NPs that have a strong effect on the wetting processes. Furthermore, surface airborne hydrocarbons were removed by UV–ozone treatment, providing deeper insight into the apparent mobility of the NPs on different surfaces and their subsequent ripening and aging. In addition, the UV–ozone treatment revealed the presence of adatoms during the magnetron sputtering process. This surface treatment lowers the initial contact angle of the substrates and facilitates the mobility of Ag NPs and adatoms on the surface of substrates. Adatoms co-deposited on clean high surface energy substrates will nucleate on Ag NPs that will remain closely spherical and preserve the pinning effect due to the water nanomeniscus. If the adatoms are co-deposited on a UV–ozone cleaned low surface energy substrate, their mobility is restricted, and they will nucleate in two-dimensional islands and/or nanoclusters on the surface instead of connecting to existing Ag NPs. This growth results in a rough surface without overhangs, where the wetting state is reversed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. Finally, different material surfaces of transmission electron microscopy grids revealed strong differences in the sticking coefficient for the Ag NPs, suggesting another factor that can strongly affect their wetting properties.
Thermal gradient effect on helium and self-interstitial transport in tungsten
Authors: Martínez Enrique , Mathew Nithin , Perez Danny , Blondel Sophie , Dasgupta Dwaipayan , Wirth Brian D. , Maroudas Dimitrios
Published: December 2021

First-wall materials in a fusion reactor are expected to withstand harsh conditions, with high heat and particle fluxes that modify the materials microstructure. These fluxes will create strong gradients of temperature and concentration of diverse species. Besides the He ash and the hydrogenic species, neutron particles generated in the fusion reaction will collide with the material creating intrinsic defects, such as vacancies, self-interstitials atoms (SIAs), and clusters of such point defects. These defects and the He atoms will then migrate in the presence of the aforementioned gradients. In this study, we use nonequilibrium molecular dynamics to analyze the transport of He and SIAs in the presence of a thermal gradient in tungsten. We observe that, in all cases, the defects and impurity atoms tend to migrate toward the hot regions of the tungsten sample. The resulting species concentration profiles are exponential distributions, rising toward the hot regions of the sample, in agreement with irreversible thermodynamics analysis. For both He atoms and SIAs, we find that the resulting species flux is directed opposite to the heat flux, indicating that species transport is governed by a Soret effect (thermal-gradient-driven diffusion) characterized by a negative heat of transport that drives species diffusion uphill (from the cooler to the hot regions of the sample). We demonstrate that the steady-state species profiles obtained accounting for the Soret effect vary significantly from those where temperature-gradient-driven transport is not considered and discuss the implications of such a Soret effect on the response to plasma exposure of plasma-facing tungsten.
Special Topic on Integrated Quantum Photonics
Authors: Clark Alex S. , Blanco-Redondo Andrea , Aharonovich Igor
Published: December 2021

The realization of scalable, real world devices in quantum technologies requires myriad new approaches and hardware components. Integrated photonics play a crucial role in many applications in quantum information and quantum sensing, enabling the realization of key components such as new light sources, waveguides, resonators, and detectors. The field of integrated quantum photonics is booming, and an increasing number of research groups are contributing to the accelerating efforts to study fundamental and technological challenges at the intersection of quantum optics, nanophotonics, and hybrid integrated devices. This Special Topic Collection is dedicated to highlighting important progress in the field of integrated quantum photonics and presenting new cutting-edge results, both experimental and theoretical, toward the common goal of exploring quantum photonic phenomena.
Defining and quantifying the core microbiome: Challenges and prospects
Authors: Neu Alexander T. , Allen Eric E. , Roy Kaustuv
Published: December 2021

The term “core microbiome” has become widely used in microbial ecology over the last decade. Broadly, the core microbiome refers to any set of microbial taxa, or the genomic and functional attributes associated with those taxa, that are characteristic of a host or environment of interest. Most commonly, core microbiomes are measured as the microbial taxa shared among two or more samples from a particular host or environment. Despite the popularity of this term and its growing use, there is little consensus about how a core microbiome should be quantified in practice. Here, we present a brief history of the core microbiome concept and use a representative sample of the literature to review the different metrics commonly used for quantifying the core. Empirical analyses have used a wide range of metrics for quantifying the core microbiome, including arbitrary occurrence and abundance cutoff values, with the focal taxonomic level of the core ranging from phyla to amplicon sequence variants. However, many of these metrics are susceptible to sampling and other biases. Developing a standardized set of metrics for quantifying the core that accounts for such biases is necessary for testing specific hypotheses about the functional and ecological roles of core microbiomes.
Globalisation and public policy: bridging the disciplinary and epistemological boundaries
Authors: Lodhi Iftikhar
Published: December 2021

Globalisation, the ever increasing economic and socio-political international interactions, poses challenges to public policy theory and practice. This paper aims to (a) draw an outline of a discussion and research agenda for theorizing the policy process under globalisation, by (b) identifying some theoretical consensus across disciplines and epistemological paradigms. The literature shows a consensus on ‘constrained’ state thesis and that globalisation affects all states through structural pressures as well as the neoliberal discourse. However, policy outcomes vary across states depending on their position in the international power structure and domestic adjustment costs. The paper concludes that policy studies shall focus on the changing functions and organisational forms of the state and explicitly incorporate domestic–international interactions into the theories of the policy process.