bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Simple Clinical Classification System for Early Definitive Treatment Improves Quality of Care in Acute Biliary Pancreatitis
Authors: Dai Shengjie , Kong Hongru , Wang Meng , Chen Zhe , Yu Huajun , Jin Yuepeng , Shan Yunfeng , Shi Keqing , Sun Hong-Wei
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe complexity of acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) regarding severity of pancreatitis, accompanying diseases in the biliary system, and the variety of available interventions have raised the need for individualized treatment. We aimed to develop a simple clinical classification system guiding early and definitive treatment in patients with ABP to improve quality of care. MethodsThe classification system for ABP was developed according to severity of disease, biliary obstruction, and common bile duct stone. 2951 patients (retrospective cohort) collected between June 2006 and July 2017 and 323 patients (prospective cohort, guided by the classification system) collected between August 2017 and May 2018 were used to compare quality of care: rate of early-definitive treatment and mortality. ResultsABP patients were divided into four classes: Type I, non-obstructive mild ABP; Type II, obstructive mild ABP; Type III, obstructive moderately severe/severe ABP; Type IV, non-obstructive moderately severe/severe ABP; each type was distributed into two subtypes: subtype a, accompanied by common bile duct stones; subtype b, without common bile duct stones. With the guidance by the classification system, the rate of early definitive treatments increased in Type I/II. Continuous regional arterial infusion was recommended as an early definitive treatment for patients with Type III/IV, in which the mortality has clearly descended. ConclusionsFor patients with ABP, we present a simple clinical classification system with 4 distinct types, with 2 subtypes for guiding the early-definitive treatment for ABP.
Efficiency of a System for the Separate Collection of the Biowaste from Municipal Solid Waste. A Spanish Pilot Case Study
Authors: Gallardo Antonio , Colomer-Mendoza Francisco J. , Carlos Mar , Badenes Cristóbal , Edo-Alcón Natalia , Esteban-Altabella Joan
Published: November 2020

Background:According to EU regulations, member states shall take measures to encourage the recycling of biowaste in a way that fulfils a high level of environmental protection. In Spain, the separate collection of biowaste is only implemented in some regions. For this reason, a pilot scheme based on an information campaign and the location of a specific brown container for biowaste in specific zones of the city was carried out in Castellón de la Plana (Spain) over a period of six months. In this period, the collection and composition of the biowaste was monitored in depth with the goal of determining the evolution of the efficiency of the new collection system over time. Results:In the zones, the quality rate in the biowaste container increased as the pilot study progressed, finally reaching 90%. The rate of biowaste separation also increased in the three zones over time, although in different ways, which means that there is greater collaboration on the part of citizens. On the other hand, an analysis of the rate of net biowaste daily collection from zones 2 and 3 has shown that their value increases as the rate of containerization of biowaste decreases. Conclusions:In order to obtain better results in the biowaste quality rate it will be necessary to increase the containerization of biowaste, that is, to reduce the distance from the citizen to the container. It can thus be said that there is a positive evolution of the experience, which boosts confidence when it comes to implementing the system throughout the city.
Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci for Cold Tolerance in Rice under Germination Stage by Whole Genome Resequencing and Analysis of Candidate Genes
Authors: Pan Yinghua , Chen Lei , Yang Xinghai , Gao Lijun , Nong Baoxuan , Xia Xiuzhong , Zhang Zongqiong , Huang Chengcui , Dai Gaoxing , Li Danting , Deng Guofu
Published: November 2020

Low-temperature stress significantly affects rice growth and causes serious loss of yield in temperate and high-altitude areas of the world. Rice lacks cold tolerance (CT) at germination stage, which reduces seedling vigor, hinders crop establishment and crop growth, and even affect direct-seeded rice. A chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) population, including 271 lines, was derived from cold-tolerant donor wild rice Y11 (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) crossed with cold-sensitive rice variety GH998 to explore new genetic resource with CT and further investigate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for germination properties under low temperature. The germination rates of Y11 and GH998 were 95% and 73.33%, respectively, under cold stress. The range of variance of the germination rate in the CSSLs was between 0% and 98.33%. In addition, the CSSLs and parents were sequenced via whole genome resequencing. Results showed 33.46, 33.36, and 475.65 Gbp of clean data of GH998, Y11, and CSSLs, respectively. In 12 linkage groups, the general map distance was 941.49 cM, while the average map distance was 0.63 cM. On thebasis of 1484 bins, a high-density linkage map of the CSSLs was developed. The average distance of the linkage map ranged from 0.42 cM to 1.39 cM. The phenotype of CSSLs under low temperature and 615,466 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between Y11 and GH998 were used for QTL analysis. Two QTLs, namely, low-temperature germination 8 (qLTG8) and qLTG11, were responsible for the germination ability under low temperature in rice. qLTG8 was mapped on chromosome 8, and it explained 14.55% of the total phenotypic variation explained (PVE) during the germination stage. qLTG8 was in 195.5 kb, and 32 genes were predicted based on the Rice Genome Annotation Project. qLTG11 was located on chromosome 11, and it explained 14.31% of the total PVE during the germination stage. qLTG11 was mapped at a narrow distance in 78.83 kb, and only 12 genes fall within this range according to the Rice Genome Annotation Project. The expression patterns of these 32 genes in the qLTG8 region demonstrated that LOC_Os08g01120, LOC_Os08g01140, LOC_Os08g01390, LOC_Os08g01170, and LOC_Os08g01380 were highly induced by cold stress in Y11 compared with GH998. The expression patterns of 12 genes in the qLTG11 region suggested that LOC_Os11g32880 and LOC_Os11g32940 were highly induced by cold stress in Y11 compared with GH998. This study provides an effective method, i.e., constructing CSSLs of wild rice, to explore excellent genes of wild rice and create new genetic resources. The results also provide a basis for identifying the genes underlying qLTG8 and qLTG11, indicating that QTL could be used for genetic improvement of CT in cultivar rice.
Characterization of Electronic Properties, Exchange Splitting and Ferromagnetic Arrangement in New Ti-Doped BaO
Authors: Hachemaoui Malika , Meskine Mohamed , Mokaddem Allel , Doumi Bendouma , Mogulkoc Yesim , Tadjer Abdelkader
Published: November 2020

We have studied the electronic structures, ferromagnetic properties, half-metallicity and exchange splitting in BaO doped with titanium such as Ba1-xTixO at concentration x = 0.125. The structural parameters of BaO and Ba0.875Ti0.125O compounds are calculated with generalised gradient approximation of Wu and Cohen, while their electronic structures, accurate band gaps and magnetic properties are evaluated by the use of the Tran-Blaha-modified Becke-Johnson potential. The changes of lattice parameter and bulk modulus of Ba0.875Ti0.125O are discussed with respect to the BaO. We have found that the Ba0.875Ti0.125O has a wide half-metallic ferromagnetic gap of 2.701 eV and a half-metallic gap of 0.803 eV with integral Bohr magneton of 2 μB, where its ferromagnetic state is characterised by the main contribution of the direct exchange splitting. Therefore, the Ba0.875Ti0.125O is true half-metallic ferromagnet with spin polarisation of 100 % and appears to be promising material for spintronics applications.
Teaching Self-Assessment of Doppler Ultrasound for Bubble Grading in Divers: Learning Curve, Reliability, and Surveying Precision.
Authors: Fichtner Andreas , Münch Anne , Preuss Denise , Pohl Thomas , Grab Thomas , Fieback Tobias , Koch Thea
Published: November 2020

BackgroundAudio Doppler bubble measurements of SCUBA divers are done in special professional settings to estimate supersaturation and avoid decompression accidents. However, it is unknown whether sports SCUBA divers without medical and ultrasound training can learn audio Doppler self-assessment for reliable bubble grading with a single teaching intervention. Further, it is unknown whether they are able to establish a stable practical skill level after that teaching intervention in order to allow appropriate judgment on decompression stress.MethodsWe taught audio Doppler self-assessment of the subclavian vein and cardiac precordial probe position to 41 divers in a 45-minute standardized training session. Assessment was made of 684 audio Doppler measurements by both the trained divers and a medical professional plus additional 2D-echocardiography as reference. ResultsAll air dives were within normal sports diving limits and decompression bubbles were observable via echocardiography in 32.3% of all measurements. The specificity of audio bubble detection was 96.1% but the sensitivity was low for lower bubble grades, increasing to 25%, 35% and 67% for higher echo-detected bubble grades 3, 4 and 5. The number of attempts to achieve a reliable venous signal within 30 seconds was 13 at the subclavian position and 18 at the precordial position. More bubble positive measurements could be detected at the precordial position for both self and medical professional assessment. The performance level of the taught skill remained stable over six months without further practice.ConclusionAudio Doppler self-assessment can be learned by people without medical and ultrasound training and a reliable venous signal can be achieved after a comparably steep learning curve. However, accurate bubble grading is not possible using audio Doppler as only higher bubble grades can be detected. However, this qualitative finding can be important in self-evaluating decompression stress and potentially help the diver to judge on measures for avoiding decompression accidents.
Moyamoya Syndrome may Result from Psoriasis
Authors: Chen Zhiying , Yu Xiaoqin , Yin Xiaoping , Liu Linghua , Ding Jiayue , Jin Kexin , Ding Yuchuan , Ji Xunming , Meng Ran
Published: November 2020

Objective: To analyze the relationship between psoriasis and Moyamoya syndrome, to explore the potential mechanism.Methods: A case series retrospective study analyzed 4 patients confirmed as Moyamoya syndrome by imaging in our hospital from 2017 through 2019; all of them had long-term of psoriasis prior to the Moyamoya syndrome -related stroke onset. The age of psoriasis occurrence and duration, the time and type of Moyamoya syndrome -related stroke onset, blood tests, imaging features, treatment and clinical outcomes were analyzed.Result: The average duration from psoriasis confirmation till the first-time of Moyamoya syndrome -mediated stroke onset was 17 ± 3.56 years. The average age of the initial stroke onset was 58.25 ± 11.52 years, included 3 cases of hemorrhagic and 1case of ischemic strokes. All the Moyamoya syndrome -related stenosis involved bilateral cerebral arteries, Suzuki grade III for 1 case, grade IV for 2 cases, and grade V for 1 case. Abnormal elevated plasma IL-6 were seen in 4 cases. 2 cases had abnormal elevated immunoglobulin E, and 2 cases had thrombocytosis. All the 4 cases underwent medication (antiplatelet agents and psoriasis control agents) instead of surgery. With an average follow-up time of 19 ± 12.35 months, 3 times of transient ischemic attack occurred in 3 patients, respectively and no hemorrhagic event occurred.Conclusion: Psoriasis may be a potential risk factor of Moyamoya syndrome formation. Moyamoya syndrome should be screened when the psoriasis patients presented with neurological symptoms.
Hemoglobin A1c Levels Affect Visit-to-visit Variability of Lipid Profiles in Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Duanbin , Wang Cao , Zhao Liding , Luan Yi , Li Ya , Fu Guosheng , Chen Zhaoyang , Zhang Wenbin
Published: November 2020

BackgroundBoth hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and visit-to-visit variability of lipid profiles are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a retrospective cohort study to explore the relationship between HbA1c and lipid variability.MethodsWe retrospectively collected baseline and follow-up data on patients who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from January 2009 to April 2019. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association between HbA1c and lipid variability. Subgroup analyses employed multivariate linear regression analyses.ResultsA total of 4,445 patients were enrolled in the study. The median age and value of HbA1c were 64yrs old and 5.9%, respectively, 64% had hypertension and 25.5% diabetes. The variability of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) was each significantly higher in patients with HbA1c≥6.5% than those with HbA1c＜6.5% group. Multivariate linear regression indicated that HbA1c level was a potential risk factor for the variability of LDL-C, non-HDL-C, TC and TG, which was independent of the mean values of lipids. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the relationship between HbA1c and the variability of LDL-C, non-HDL-C, TC, and TG did not importantly vary across several subgroups. These results remained consistent when lipid variability was represented by the standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV) and variability independent of the mean (VIM), respectively.ConclusionHbA1c is a potential risk factor for the variability of LDL-C, non-HDL-C, TC and TG in patients undergoing elective PCI.
Contribution of Nontraditional Lipid Profiles to Hyperuricemia in Rural Chinese Hypertensive Population: Findings From the China Hypertension Registry Study
Authors: Yu Yu , Lan Tian , Wang Dandan , Fang Wangsheng , Tao Yu , Li Minghui , Huang Xiao , Zhou Wei , Wang Tao , Zhu Lingjuan , Bao Huihui , Cheng Xiaoshu
Published: November 2020

Background: Current studies support nontraditional lipid profiles [total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, triglyceride (TG)/HDL-C ratio, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL -C)/HDL-C ratio, non-HDL-C] as reliable indicators of cardiovascular disease, stroke and diabetes. However, whether nontraditional lipid profiles can be used as reliable markers for hyperuricemia (HUA) remains unclear due to limited research. The present study investigated the relationship of nontraditional lipid profiles with HUA in hypertensive patients.Methods: We analyzed data from 13,721 Chinese hypertensive population untreated with lipid-lowering drugs. The relationship between non-traditional lipid profiles and HUA was examined by multivariate logistic regression analysis and smooth curve fitting (penalized spline method).Results: The results showed that there were positive associations of TC/HDL-C ratio, TG/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and non-HDL-C with HUA, respectively (all P <0.001). Furthermore, nontraditional lipid profiles were converted from continuous variables to tertiles. Compared with lowest tertile, the multivariate adjusted ORs (95% CI) of TC/HDL-C ratio, TG/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and non-HDL-C in highest tertile were 1.79 (1.62, 1.99), 2.09 (1.88, 2.32), 1.67 (1.51, 1.86), 1.93 (1.74, 2.13), respectively (all P <0.001).Conclusions: In Chinese hypertensive population, there were positive associations between nontraditional lipid profiles (TC/HDL-C ratio, TG/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and non-HDL-C) and HUA. Our findings further expand the scope of application of nontraditional lipid profiles. These novel and important results suggest that nontraditional lipid profiles can be used as potential and valuable indicators of HUA, and provide a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of HUA.
Mental Health Status of Stable Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Main COVID-19 Hospitals in Malaysia
Authors: Azlan Shaiful , Ahmad Noor Ani , Silim Umi Adzlin , Abdullah Muhammad Najib , Harun Norazam , Dollah Siti Nordiana , Sahril Norhafizah , Rezali Muhammad Solihin , Chan Ying Ying , Redzuan Noor Izuana , Salleh Adlin Mohd , Ishak Hariani , Aziz Salina Abdul , Chin Loi Fei , Lee Chung Wah , Rahman Norhayati Ab , Namal Marini , Som Suhaila Mohd , Dass Fabian Sunil , Badruddin Norhameza Ahmad , Ibrahim Nurashikin
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is catastrophic and caused negative psychological effects among patients, healthcare workers and their surroundings. This study aims to determine the prevalence of depression and general anxiety disorders (GAD) among stable hospitalized COVID-19 patients.MethodsA cross-sectional study via web-based online survey involving 401 patients in the main COVID-19 hospitals in Malaysia who were selected via quota sampling. The questionnaire consists of socio-demographic profile, Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Disorders 7 items (GAD-7) and Brief COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced). The identified probable cases of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation were subsequently referred to psychiatrists.ResultThe prevalence of depression and anxiety were 7.5% and 7.0%, respectively. Besides that, 4.0% of respondents were suspected as having suicidal ideation. The prediction model revealed that females [aOR=5.29 (95% CI: 1.34, 20.80)], age 35-49 years old [aOR=7.47 (95% CI: 1.78, 31.30)], adopting behavioral disengagement [aOR=1.94 (95% CI: 1.31, 2.87)] and self-blame [aOR= 1.74 (95% CI: 1.31, 2.30)] as coping strategies, were significant predictors of depression. ConclusionsThe findings estimate the mental health burden among COVID-19 patients in Malaysia. The establishment of continuous mental health surveillance is essential in managing cases of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation.
Best First Line Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor for Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Adults: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vener Claudia , Fattizzo Bruno , Ambrogi Federico , Saglio Giuseppe , Pravettoni Gabriella , Kopp-Heim Doris , Giovane Cinzia Del
Published: November 2020

BackgroundFor many years chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remained a leukemic subtype in which little improvement was gained with regard to overall survival (OS). Imatinib, the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), completely changed patients’ life expectancy. Although many studies have compared the use of imatinib and more recent TKIs in patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase (CP) CML, they have not established which is the most effective. Since there are no randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compare head-to-head second- and third-generation TKIs, a network meta-analysis (NMA) is required to identify the best TKI to be preferably used. MethodsThis systematic review and NMA of RCTs will compare the efficacy and safety of imatinib vs second-generation (dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib) and third-generation TKIs (ponatinib) in adults with newly diagnosed Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive (Ph+) CP CML, concentrating on OS, progression-free survival (PFS), and hematological and non-hematological adverse events (AEs). The databases PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL will be systematically searched, as well as other sources to identify published and unpublished studies. The risk of bias (RoB) of the included studies will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool; moreover, the confidence in network meta-analysis estimates will be evaluated with the CINeMA tool. DiscussionThe results of this systematic review and NMA are expected to suggest a specific TKI to be used for patients with newly CP CML. It remains valid that the choice of the optimal drug should consider AEs and co-morbidities as well as molecular/cytogenetic responses and transformation rates.Systematic review registrationThe review protocol PROSPERO registration number is: CRD42020190444. This protocol is written in accordance with the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). The PRISMA-P checklist can be found in Additional file 1.
Natural xanthone compounds as promising drug candidates against COVID-19 - An integrated molecular docking and dynamics simulation study
Authors: Gunda Shravan Kumar , P Hima Kumari , Choudhir Gourav , Kumar Anuj , Kishor P B. Kavi , S Anil Kumar
Published: November 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 is known for its high pathogenicity and transmission due to thepresence of polybasic cleavage sites. No specific drug is available for the treatment. To identifythe potential inhibitors, we have performed molecular docking against the SARS-CoV-2 mainprotease (6Y84) with fifteen important natural xanthone compounds. The docking results showedall the compounds exhibited good binding energies and interactions with the main protease. Thevalidation of representative docking complexes through molecular dynamics simulations showedthat xanthones binds with a higher binding affinity and lower free energy than the standardligand with Brasixanthone C and Brasixanthone B on 50 ns. Natural xanthone compounds havealso passed the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) property criteriaas well as Lipinski’s rule of five. The present integrated molecular docking and dynamicssimulations study unveil the use of xanthones as potential antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2.
Morphological plasticity in a wild freshwater fish, Systomus sarana (Cyprinidae) from India: a glimpse through advanced morphometric toolkits 
Authors: Gupta Deepmala , Dwivedi Arvind Kumar , Tripathi Madhu
Published: November 2020

Background: Body morphology supposed to underpin wide differences in animal performance that can be used to understand the diversification of characters. Further, identifying the fish population with unique shape due to variations in their morphometric characters enable better management of these subunits. Advanced statistical toolkits of morphometry called truss network system and geometric morphometrics have been increasingly used for detecting variations in morphological traits between subunits of fish populations. The present study was therefore carried out with the objective of determining phenotypically distinct units of freshwater fish Systomus sarana collected from geographically isolated locations.Methods: In the present study, 154 specimens of olive barb, S. sarana were collected from four distantly located rivers covering the northern (Ganga), southern (Godavari), central (Narmada), and eastern (Mahanadi) regions of India. Truss-network system and geometric morphometrics have been utilized. Fourteen landmarks were digitized uniformly on each specimen. In the present study, the truss network system yielded size-corrected morphometric characters that were subjected to univariate and multivariate statistical assessment. Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) presented significant differences among 63 out of 90 variables (p<0.05). Truss approach includes principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) while the geometric approach includes PCA, DFA, canonical variate analysis (CVA), partial least square (PLS), the relative warp (RW), and wireframes. CVA extracted Mahalanobis and Procrustes distances among groups found to be highly significant (p<0.0001). In linear DFA, the overall assignment of correctly classified individuals into their original groups was 86.2% for Ganga, 86.1% for the Godavari, 93.9% for the Narmada, and 92.9% for the Mahanadi population. Conclusions: The results revealed significant variations in the morphometric characters which were reflected in the shape of different body features of the studied populations. Both methods revealed analogous results and significant differences among groups in examined features. Our results suggest that S. sarana shows morphological plasticity across different rivers in India. This study supports the concept that geographical isolation among fish populations can lead to morphological variations.
Ipsilateral midshaft clavicle fracture and acromioclavicular joint dislocation: a review of literature and evidence-based diagnosis guidelines
Authors: Ao Rongguang , Jian Zhen , Chen Jinhong , Li Dejian , Zhang Xu , Jiang Xinhua , Zhou Jianhua , yu baoqing
Published: November 2020

Background: Ipsilateral midshaft clavicle fracture and AC joint dislocation are rare, with very few cases reported. Once the AC joint dislocation were missed diagnosis, the shoulder function may be affected and medical dispute was easy to occur. The aim of this study was to gather data relating to ipsilateral midshaft clavicle fracture and AC joint dislocation to develop evidence-based diagnosis guidelines as none are currently available.Methods: A study was conducted of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify cases of ipsilateral midshaft clavicle fracture and AC joint dislocation. Data collected about each case included age and gender of the patient, mechanism of injury, fracture and dislocation classification. The authors report 2 additional ipsilateral midshaft clavicle fracture and AC joint dislocation cases.Results: 21 cases were identified for inclusion in this research, 19 from the literature and 2 reported by the authors. All the patients were injured by high energy trauma. For the midshaft fracture, 16/21 (76.2%) patients belonged to Type A classification, and 5/21 (23.8%) patients belonged to Type B classification. For AC joint dislocation, 11/21 (47.6%) patients belonged to Type IV classification, 4/21 (19.0%) patients belonged to Type VI classification, 5/21 (23.8%) patients belonged to Type III classification and 1/21 (4.7%) patients belonged to Type V classification.Conclusions: There are limited data available about the diagnosis of ipsilateral midshaft clavicle fracture and AC joint dislocation. From the cases reviewed, we find that simple midshaft clavicle caused by high energy injuries may be associated with ipsilateral AC joint dislocation. Physical examination, careful observation of preoperative X-ray and fluoroscopy including the AC joint during operation were key to diagnose the injury. Level of Evidence Level III, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The role of MEFV gene in COVID 19 disease, as a protective factor
Authors: Salehzadeh Farhad , Shahbazifar Ehsan , Pourfarzi Farhad , Molatefi Rassol , Davarnia Behzad , Ahmadabadi Farzad
Published: November 2020

Background

In early 2020, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus became pandemic. This study evaluates the potential immune-genetically role of MEFV gene mutations in COVID 19 patients.
Methods

50 COVID 19 PCR positive patients who were hospitalized in COVID 19 referral centers between 1st of March to 30th of April in 2020 were evaluated for MEFV gene mutations using ARMS PCR and Sanger sequencing.
Results

MEFV gene mutations were found in 6 (12%) of the patients. No homozygote or compound heterozygote forms were detected. The total mutant allele frequency was 6%. The carrier rate was 12% which is significantly lower than previously studied rate of 25%. The most common MEFV variant was E148Q in 3 (6%). There was no mutant variant of MEFV gene among the expired patients. None of the MEFV gene mutant patients had FMF symptoms or positive family history of FMF disease.
Conclusion

Considering the high carrier rate of MEFV gene mutations in the eastern Mediterranean region and a significantly lower prevalence of these mutations in COVID 19 patients, it seems that MEFV gene mutations may have a protective role in incidence of the disease.
Autocorrelation of Production Components of Irrigated Garlic Crop
Authors: Oliveira Job Teixeira de , Oliveira Rubens Alves de , Valente Domingos Sarvio Magalhães , Ribeiro Isabela da Silva , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo
Published: November 2020

The study aimed to analyze the distribution and spatial autocorrelation of irrigation concerning the other productive components of the garlic crop. The productive components were distributed in thematic maps, and the spatial autocorrelation was estimated by the Moran index, which quantifies the autocorrelation degree. Results show that irrigation contributes to higher yield, with bulbs of larger diameter and heavier cloves. Plants under drought stress conditions tend to develop wider and longer leaves with a higher shoot dry matter. The bivariate analysis revealed that irrigation in garlic is closely related to all explanatory variables.
Exogenous Application of Melatonin Improves Drought Tolerance in Coffee by Regulating Photosynthetic Efficiency and Oxidative Damage
Authors: Cherono Sylvia , Ntini Charmaine , Wassie Misganaw , Mollah Mohammad Dulal , Belal Mohammad A. , Ogutu Collins , Han Yuepeng
Published: November 2020

The protective role of melatonin in plants under abiotic stress has been reported, but little information is available on its mitigation effect on coffee (Coffea arabica) plants. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous application of 100 µM melatonin in coffee leaves under 3 months of drought stress treatment. Melatonin was found to alleviate the drought-induced damage in coffee through reducing the rate of chlorophyll degradation, electrolyte leakage, malonaldehyde content, and activating various antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Melatonin application suppressed the expression of chlorophyll degradation gene PAO encoding pheophorbide a oxygenase, and upregulated the expression of photosynthetic gene RBCS2 encoding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate oxygenase (Rubisco) protein, and a drought-related gene AREB encoding abscisic acid-responsive element binding protein. The photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II under dark adaptation was also improved upon melatonin application in drought-stressed plants. Our results showed that both foliar spray and direct soil application of melatonin could improve drought tolerance by regulating photosynthetic efficiency and oxidative damage in C. arabica seedlings. This study provides insights in application of melatonin as a protective agent against drought stress in improvement of crop yields.
Akademsko, socijalno i emocionalno funkcioniranje djece suspektne na ADHD1
Authors:   Fakultet za odgojne i obrazovne znanosti, Sveučilište J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Osijek, Velki Tena , Romstein Ksenija ,   Fakultet za odgojne i obrazovne znanosti, Sveučilište J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Osijek
Published: November 2020

Brojna su istraživanja pokazala kako djeca s ADHD-om pokazuju probleme u akademskom, socijalnom i emocionalnom funkcioniranju. Međutim, jako mali broj istraživanja bavi se djecom koja su suspektna na ADHD-a, a gdje bi ovakva odstupanja mogla uputiti na posljedični razvoj poremećaja te kao takva biti važna u organizaciji preventivnih programa. Cilj istraživanja je provjeriti akademsko (školski uspjeh, akademska samoefikasnost), socijalno (broj prijatelja, vršnjačka prihvaćenost, socijalna samoefikasnost) i emocionalno (empatija, emocionalna kompetentnost, emocionalna samoefikasnost) funkcioniranje djece suspektne na ADHD. U istraživanju su sudjelovala 492 učenika 4., 6. i 8. razreda osnovne škole (prosječne dob M = 12,72, SD = 1,62). Učenici su podijeljeni u 3 skupine s obzirom na samoprocjenu simptoma prema kriterijima DSM-V, pri čemu je 11% (N = 55) učenika samoprocijenilo da je suspektno za razvoj ADHD-a, a 13,6% (N = 68) da ima simptome za dijagnozu ADHD-a te su obje ove skupine smatrane suspektnima na ADHD, dok su ostali učenici procijenili da nemaju simptome ADHD (75,4%, N = 377). Korišteni su sljedeći instrumenti: Skala hiperaktivnosti-impulzivnosti-pažnje (HIP; Vulić-Prtorić, 2006), Upitnik samoefikasnosti za djecu (SEQ-C, Vulić-Prtorić i Sorić, 2006), Upitnik emocionalne kompetentnosti (UEK-45; Takšić, 2002), Skala emocionalne empatije iz E-upitnika (Raboteg-Šarić, 2002), te su učenici pitani da procjene koliko se osjećaju prihvaćeno od strane vršnjaka, koliko imaju prijatelju i daju podatke o školskom uspjehu. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su kako je kod djece suspektne na ADHD-a narušeno akademsko funkcioniranje (oba aspekta, F(2,490)školski uspjeh = 3,87, p = 0,021, ω = 0,11; F(2,490)akademska samoefikasnost = 23,46, p = 0,000, ω = 0,29), međutim za socijalno i emocionalno funkcioniranje nađena su odstupanja samo na jednom aspektu (F(2,490)vršnjačka prihvaćenost = 4,35, p = 0,013, ω = 0,12; F(2,490)emocionalna samoefikasnost = 6,76, p = 0,001, ω = 0,15). Možemo zaključiti kako je kod djece suspektne na ADHD-a svakako narušeno akademsko funkcioniranje, no kada govorimo o socijalnom i emocionalnom funkcioniranju ove razlike su manje i odnose se samo na neke ispitane aspekte što bi se trebalo detaljnije ispitati u budućim istraživanjima. Budući prevencijski programi trebali bi se usmjeriti prvenstveno na pomoć u školskoj prilagodbi, ali i u razvoju socijalnih vještina potrebnih za stvaranje prisnih vršnjačkih odnosa te na razvoj djetetovih sposobnosti nošenja s negativnim emocijama. Ključne riječi: ADHD, akademsko funkcioniranje, socijalni razvoj, emocionalni razvoj, osnovnoškolci
Zastupljenost poteškoća i zadovoljstvo različitim aspektima života kod studenata zdravstvenih studija
Authors:   Zdravstveno veleučilište Zagreb, Zagreb, Petrak Olivera , Rukavina Melita ,   Zdravstveno veleučilište Zagreb, Zagreb, Takšić Iva ,   Zdravstveno veleučilište Zagreb, Zagreb
Published: November 2020

Istraživanja psihološke prilagodbe studenata pokazuju da je to populacija u kojoj se često pojavljuju emocionalni, motivacijski i socijalni problemi koji su usko povezani s problemima učenja, izborom studija i akademskim neuspjehom. Zanimalo nas je s kojim problemima se susreću studenti zdravstvenih studija na jednom od većih veleučilišta u Hrvatskoj, smještenom u Zagrebu. Proveli smo ispitivanje na 423 studenta primijenivši anketu koju nam je ustupilo Savjetovalište za studente Filozofskog fakulteta u Zagrebu, kojom se ispituju poteškoće studenata, zadovoljstvo različitim aspektima života, kao i spremnost da se obrate za pomoć. Prosječna dob sudionika je 20,9 godina i prevladavaju studentice (79%). U slučaju poteškoća, 51,5% studenata potražilo bi besplatnu psihološku pomoć, pri čemu značajno više studenata treće godine. Studenti u prosjeku navode 14 poteškoća, a najčešće su nervoza ili napetost, nesigurnost glede buduće karijere, neracionalno korištenje vremena, financijski problemi, te promjene u navikama hranjenja. Studenti druge godine navode značajno više poteškoća u odnosu na ostale. Također, studentice navode značajno veći broj poteškoća od studenata, a ujedno su i značajno manje zadovoljne svojim kompetencijama, te tjelesnim izgledom. Ključne riječi: studenti, psihološke poteškoće, psihološka pomoć, zadovoljstvo životom
3D printing in pharmacy
Authors:   RM Analytiсs, Prozherina Yuliya
Published: November 2020

3D printing of drugs is an innovative and cost-effective technology, which is a major step towards personalized medicine. This technology can be used for the development of controlled-release drugs; fixed-dose combination drugs, as well as for the creation of orodispersible dosage forms. The global 3D drug market is still largely at the research stage, but its rapid growth is expected in the coming decade [1].
PROPRIEDADES ANTIOXIDANTES E EFEITOS ANTIMICROBIANOS DA KOMBUCHA: REVISÃO DA EVIDÊNCIA CIENTÍFICA
Authors: Mendonça Gislane Romano , Pereira Ana Lúcia Fernandes , Ferreira Adriana Gomes Nogueira , Santos Neto Marcelino , Dutra Richard Pereira , Abreu Virgínia Kelly Gonçalves
Published: November 2020

A kombucha é uma bebida produzida a partir da fermentação de chás por culturas simbióticas de bactérias e leveduras.  Esta bebida ganhou popularidade devido aos seus benefícios a saúde e por suas propriedades antioxidantes que podem ser maiores que o das infusões não fermentadas. A kombucha também apresenta atividade antibacteriana contra bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas patogênicas, sendo o principal componente antibacteriano, o ácido acético. Assim, objetivo desta revisão integrativa é analisar a produção cientifica sobre as propriedades antioxidantes e os efeitos antimicrobianos de kombuchas. A revisão integrativa foi baseada em etapas sistemáticas, nas bases de dados Scopus e ScienceDirect. As buscas seguiram os critérios de inclusão: estudos que abordaram as propriedades antioxidantes e antimicrobiana da kombucha, disponíveis na integra nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, sem período de publicação delimitado. Excluídos: teses, dissertações, revisões (sistemática, narrativa e integrativa), artigos de opinião e editoriais. Foram incluídos 18 artigos, 7 artigos analisaram a atividade antibacteriana e observaram que as kombuchas apresentam efeitos maiores que as infusões não fermentadas. A maioria dos artigos determinaram a atividade antioxidante de kombuchas de diferentes substratos, principalmente do chá verde e do chá preto. Todos os artigos mostraram aumento da atividade antioxidante das kombuchas ao longo da fermentação. Assim, a kombucha pode ser uma alternativa saudável para a manutenção dos níveis de radicais livres e no combate de micro-organismos patogênicos para quem a consome.
On the Symbolic Meanings of the Words for Color in Russian and Korean Expressions and their Translation
Authors:   Kim Il Sung University, Ryongnam-Dong, Choe Yong-Gi , Choe Jin ,   Kim Il Sung University, Ryongnam-Dong
Published: November 2020

Since ancient times, people have known that color affects the physiological functions and emotions of an individual. Colors represent certain symbolic meanings in many nations and people often use colors to exchange their thoughts and feelings. Over the course of their use, thanks to the rich experience and creative activity of the popular masses, expressions with the symbolic meaning of color appeared in different languages. Thus, these expressions reflect national customs, life, ideas, and the interests of a given country. Therefore, in different national languages, expressions containing the word of the same color designation can have different symbolic meanings. If the speaker is not well aware of these differences, it may cause the listener to have other feelings than what the speaker intended. Expressions with color vocabulary occupy an important place in the Korean and Russian language. Currently, there is a noticeable interest in studying the Russian language in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), and the same applies with the Korean language in Russia. However, there are very few scientific papers devoted to comparing color expressions in the two languages. It is beneficial to conduct a linguocultural comparative analysis on symbolic meanings of color vocabulary in Russian and Korean, which makes it possible discern the semantic nuances of words for color. This article contributes to better understanding the history, culture, and traditions in both Russia and DPRK by analyzing the cultural and linguistic aspects on the expressions which reflect the conception and consciousness of different colors and their usages in Russia and the DPRK.
Neuroprotective effect of Lithospermum officinale callus extract on inflamed primary microglial cells
Authors: Kheyrollah Maryam , Sabouni Farzaneh , Farhadpour Mohsen , Haghbeen Kamahldin
Published: November 2020

Background and Objective:

Lithospermum officinale is a famous medicinal herb in the traditional medicine of
India. However, the medicinal use of its root extract is limited due to the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PzAl). It was
recently shown that PzAl are not accumulated in the cell culture of L. officinale while the biosynthetic pathway of phenolic
acids remains active so that rosmarinic acid (RsA) is the main product in the proliferated callus. Considering the existing literature on the anti-inflammatory effects of caffeic acid (CfA) and its derivatives, this research was devoted to the evaluation
of the anti-inflammatory capacity of methanolic extracts of L. officinale callus (LoE) on the rat microglial cells as the immune cells of the Central Nervous System, which play an essential role in the responses to neuroinflammation.

Methods:

primary microglia were obtained from Wistar rat, then they were subjected to various amounts of CfA and methanolic extracts of 17 and 31-day L. officinale callus prior to stimulation by LPS. In addition to HPLC analysis of the extracts, viability, nitric oxide production, evaluation of the pro-inflammatory genes and cytokines in the inflamed microglia
were investigated.

Results:

Methanolic extract of the 17-day old callus of L. officinale exhibited anti-inflammatory effects on the LPS- stimulated microglial cells much higher than that was observed for CfA. The data was further supported by the decreased expression of NOS2, TNF-α, and Cox-2 mRNA and the suppression of TNF-α and IL-1β release in the activated microglial cells
pretreated with the effective dose of LoE (0.8 mg mL-1).

Conclusion:

It was assumed that better anti-neuroinflammatory performance of LoE than CfA in LPS-activated primary microglia could be a result of synergism of the components of the extract and the lipophilic nature of RsA as the main phenolic
acid of LoE. Considering the fact that LoE shows high antioxidant capacity and lacks PzAl, it is anticipated that LoE is considered as a reliable substitute to the extract of the natural root of L. officinale and plays a key role in the preparation of neuroprotective pharmaceutical formula.
A Comprehensive Study of Pharmacological Behaviors, Nano-Formulations, and Applications of Rosemary
Authors: Khatoon Rizwana , Alam Md. Aftab , Sharma Pramod Kumar
Published: November 2020

Aim:

The purpose of this review paper is to elaborate many nano-formulations of Rosemary
which are used against many diseases and also explain the Pharmacological activity of phytocompounds
of Rosemary and detail about the applications and uses of Rosemary in many fields.

Objectives:

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a medicinal herbal plant; their leaves are used
in Europe, America, and Asia as a food additive. It is very valuable; its parts contain many chemical
constituents which are very effective against many diseases like diabetes, obesity, cancer, infections
and also have antioxidant, anti-inflammation, memory-improvement, etc. properties.

Results:

In the literature reviewed, Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) has shown exciting potential
both as a natural food preservative and therapeutic agent. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) essential
oil has been extensively studied due to its chemical composition and biological activities. The
extract of Rosemary also shows medicinal properties like anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-
inflammatory, etc. From many studies, it was also found that nano-formulation of Rosemary had
been developed by using the Rosemary essential oil and its extract used in the diagnosis and treatment
of many diseases.

Conclusion:

From the conventional times, therapeutic effects of Rosemary are seen, which is also
used in Modern Medicine nowadays. It had been used as food additives in conventional times. In renal
colic and dysmenorrhea, it is used as an antispasmodic to relieve respiratory disorders and to
boost hair development. CNS, cardiac and locomotive activity promote inhalation and oral administration
of Rosemary oil, suggesting the direct effect of one or more of its constituents. Rosemary
has curative potential in the therapy and avoidance of bronchial asthma, peptic ulcer, spasmodic disorders,
inflammatory illnesses, atherosclerosis, hepatotoxicity, cancer, ischemic heart illness, bad
sperm motility, Alzheimer, and may act as an antidepressant and anxiolytic properties.
Neurotoxic Mechanism and Shortcomings of MPTP, 6-OHDA, Rotenone and Paraquat-induced Parkinson’s Disease Animal Models
Authors: Okyere Samuel Kumi , Zeng Chaorong , Yue Dong , Hu Yanchun
Published: November 2020

:

Parkinson’s disease (PD) has caused most economies to lose their active human capital.
Due to poor understanding of the pathophysiology of PD, PD animal models were developed to aid
the investigation of PD pathogenesis and therapy. Currently, the toxin-induced and the genetic animal
models are being used for most PD research.
Most neurotoxin animal model studies on PD are focused on the motor features and economic importance
associated with dopamine depletion; however, the molecular pathways for cell loss by
these models and its usefulness in PD drug development have not been reported fully. In this review,
we have provided a summary of the toxic mechanism and shortcomings of four neurotoxins (6-OHDA,
MPTP, Rotenone and, Paraquat) that are frequently used to mimic PD in animal models. This review
will give readers basic knowledge for selecting the best toxin for a specific PD experiment and
also provide information that will help in the future development of toxins with fewer shortcomings.
This review also summarizes the mechanism and features of some PD genetic models.
Antiviral Potential of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Oil and COVID-19
Authors: Ramesh S.V. , Pandiselvam R. , Hebbar K.B. , Manikantan M.R. , Beegum P.P. Shameena , Praveen Shelly , Sruthi N.U.
Published: November 2020

Background:

COVID-19 caused by the novel SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing serious blockades
in the global public health sphere. In the absence of a powerful antiviral treatment, exploration of plant-based products with
antiviral potential has gained interest.

Scope and Approach:

This commentary presents the prospects of utilizing coconut oil directly or its derivatives such as
monolaurin in treating COVID-19 with a special emphasis on their biochemical characteristics features. The potential pitfalls
therein and way forward are also highlighted.

Key findings and conclusions:

There are enough research-backed evidences to demonstrate the antiviral capabilities of coconut oil and monolaurin. Possibility of developing a medium chain fatty acid-based nasal spray as a prophylactic or therapeutic
is also discussed. Nevertheless, the potential impediments in devising suitable therapeutic models to treat SARS-CoV-2 are
presented.
From the editor - January 2014
Authors: Young Angela
Published: November 2020

A letter from the editor.
Suelo intraurbano vacante para vivienda en la ciudad de Tlaxcala, México. Una aproximación espacial
Authors: Hernández López Perla Ileana , Montalvo Vargas Ramos
Published: November 2020

El objetivo del estudio es identificar el suelo intraurbano vacante en la ciudad de Tlaxcala. La metodología se basó en técnicas de análisis espacial, uso de imágenes de satélite y sistemas de información geográfica. Se encontró en la región construida que la mayoría de los vacíos urbanos (63%) están abandonados. Es en el centro de la ciudad capital donde hay un mayor número de ellos: 97 de 213 identificados, que representan 45.54%. Sin embargo, dicho centro sólo representa 10% del área total de la ciudad. En cambio, la colonia Tepehitec, ubicada en la periferia, tiene 12 vacíos urbanos, que representan 40% del área de dicha colonia. Se concluye que la relación entre cantidad de vacíos urbanos y superficie disponible es inversa a medida que se incrementan las distancias desde el centro de la ciudad hacia su periferia: mientras el centro gana en cantidad, la periferia lo hace en superficie disponible. Queda pendiente la tarea de analizar la pertinencia de promover la densificación de vivienda en estos espacios para sentar las bases de un modelo de ciudad compacta.