bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ICSPI: Intelligent Classification System of Pest Insects Based on Image Processing and Neural Arbitration
Authors: Dimililer Kamil , Zarrouk Salah
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Detection of insects in agricultural fields is a significant challenge. Minimizing the use of pesticides is necessary for healthier crops and consumers. Therefore, effective and intelligent systems should be designed to fight infestations. This article aims to develop an intelligent insect classification system that would be capable of detecting and classifying the eight insects most commonly found in paddy fields. The developed system comprises two principal stages. In the first stage, the images of the insects are processed using different image processing techniques in order to detect their geometric shapes. The next stage is the classification phase, where a backpropagation neural network is trained and then tested on processed images. Experimentally, the system was tested on different insect images and the results show high efficiency and a classification rate of 93.5%. Keywords: Backpropagation neural networks, Classification, Geometric shapes, Intelligent systems, Pattern averaging, Pest control.
Determining the Effectiveness of Mirrors and Camera Systems in Monitoring the Rearward Visibility of Self-Propelled Agricultural Machinery
Authors: Ehlers Shawn G. , Field William E.
Published: August 2017

Abstract.

This study concerned the ability of operators of tractors and other self-propelled agricultural machinery to visually recognize objects and/or hazards within close proximity to the rear of those machines and/or any implements in tow, especially when backing up. It was hypothesized that the data collected would identify the factors affecting rearward visibility and help determine the effectiveness of two backup-assisting devices (i.e., mirrors and camera systems) in enhancing the operator’s ability to observe objects or hazards. The study’s experimental design involved the following: (1) selecting nine self-propelled machines for testing (five tractors of varying sizes, a combine, a sprayer, a skid steer loader, and a UTV); (2) laying out a five cell by five cell test grid behind each machine, with an indicator pole centered in each cell; (3) positioning the mirrors (exterior/interior) and camera system (camera and display monitor) for maximum visibility; and (4) collecting images from a 50th percentile male operator’s eye midpoint position. The findings were recorded graphically onto a master grid for the backup-assisting devices (both individually and in combination) on each machine. Analysis of the results confirmed that various issues related to the machines impact the effectiveness of mirrors and camera systems in enhancing rearward visibility. Among them are the operator station’s design and configuration, seat adjustability, optional accessories, exterior lighting, type of implement in tow, hitching method, and highway transport mode. These findings led to recommendations relative to each of the mirrors and camera systems, as well as observations of operator interactions with accessories and perceived effects on the operator’s ability to view obstructed areas in close proximity to the machinery. Keywords: Blind spot, Cameras, Hazard detection, Machinery runovers, Mirrors, Operator vision, Rearward vision, Vehicle backover incidents, Visibility.
Predicting Apple Firmness and Soluble Solids Content Based on Hyperspectral Scattering Imaging Using Fourier Series Expansion
Authors: Wang Wei , Huang Min , Zhu Qibing
Published: August 2017

This article reports on using a Fourier series expansion method to extract features from hyperspectral scattering profiles for apple fruit firmness and soluble solids content (SSC) prediction. Hyperspectral scattering images of ‘Golden Delicious’ (GD), ‘Jonagold’ (JG), and ‘Delicious’ (RD) apples, harvested in 2009 and 2010, were acquired using an online hyperspectral imaging system over the wavelength region of 500 to 1000 nm. The moment method and Fourier series expansion method were used to analyze the scattering profiles of apples. The zeroth-first order moment (Z-FOM) spectra and Fourier coefficients were extracted from each apple, which were then used for developing fruit firmness and SSC prediction models using partial least squares (PLS) and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM). The PLS models based on the Fourier coefficients improved the standard errors of prediction (SEP) by 4.8% to 19.9% for firmness and by 2.4% to 13.5% for SSC, compared with the PLS models using the Z-FOM spectra. The LSSVM models for the prediction set of Fourier coefficients achieved better SEP results, with improvements of 4.4% to 11.3% for firmness and 2.8% to 16.5% for SSC over the LSSVM models for the Z-FOM spectra data and 3.7% to 12.6% for firmness and 5.4% to 8.6% for SSC over the PLS models for the Fourier coefficients. Experiments showed that Fourier series expansion provides a simple, fast, and effective means for improving Keywords: Apples, Firmness, Fourier series expansion, Hyperspectral scattering imaging, Least squares support vector machine, Partial least squares, Soluble solids content.
Spatial and Temporal Changes in Maize and Soybean Grain Yield, Precipitation Use Efficiency, and Crop Water Productivity in the U.S. Great Plains
Authors: Kukal Meetpal S. , Irmak Suat
Published: August 2017

Abstract.

Sustainable agricultural utilization of the limited water resources demands improvements in understanding the changes in crop water productivity (CWP) in space and time, which is often presented as a potential solution to relieve the growing pressure on fresh water resources. In addition, crop yield needs to be studied in relation to precipitation received annually and during the growing season for its contribution to reduce irrigation water requirements, which is quantified through precipitation use efficiency (PUE). Hence, systematic quantifications, mapping, and analyses of large-scale CWP and PUE levels are needed. This study aims to quantify long-term (1982-2013) information on grain yield, PUE, and CWP for maize and soybean in the U.S. Great Plains counties and to map and analyze them. Multiple public data sources were used, including weather, satellite, and yield datasets for the 834 counties over a 32-year period. Long-term average maize grain yield ranged from 1.56 to 12.81 t ha-1 with a regional average of 6.66 t ha-1. Long-term average soybean grain yield ranged from 0.47 to 3.46 t ha-1 with an average of 2.17 t ha-1. About 87% and 89% of the counties in the region showed increasing trends in grain yield for maize and soybean, respectively, with regional average increasing trends for maize and soybean yield of 0.1014 and 0.0328 t ha-1 year-1, respectively. The regional annual PUE (ANNPUE) and growing season PUE (GRSPUE) were 1.09 and 1.90 kg m-3, respectively, for maize and 0.32 and 0.55 kg m-3, respectively, for soybean. In addition, the regional average increasing trends in maize ANNPUE (exhibited by 88% of counties) and GRSPUE (exhibited by 85% of counties) were 0.0174 and 0.0316 kg m-3 year-1. For soybean, regional average increasing trends in ANNPUE (exhibited by 91% of counties) and GRSPUE (exhibited by 87% of counties) were 0.0048 and 0.0081 kg m-3 year-1. The magnitude of maize CWP varied from 0.30 to 2.97 kg m-3 with a regional average of 1.08 kg m-3, and soybean CWP varied from 0.15 to 0.67 kg m-3 with a regional average of 0.40 kg m-3. It was found that 79% and 86% of the counties showed positive trends in maize and soybean CWP, respectively, and the increasing trend magnitudes were 0.0144 and 0.0047 kg m-3 year-1. Pooled data from all counties and growing seasons were used to develop frequency distribution histograms to quantify the inter-annual variation and distribution characteristics. The level of CWP variability represented via maps revealed regions where opportunity exists for improvements in production system efficiency. A comprehensive understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns in these efficiency indices will provide a basis for decision-making in resource assessments, planning, evaluation, and investment by state and federal agencies and stakeholders. Keywords: Agriculture, Climate, Evapotranspiration, Great Plains, Water productivity.
Evaluation of Flocculation, Sedimentation, and Filtration for Dewatering of Scenedesmus Algae
Authors: Rhea Nicholas , Groppo John , Crofcheck Czarena
Published: August 2017

Abstract.

Algae can be used as a feedstock for agricultural fertilizers, livestock and poultry feeds, anaerobic digestion, and biofuel production. For each end product, the requirements for moisture content (or solids content) vary, such that a desirable water removal strategy needs to be adaptable to varying levels of water removal. Flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration were evaluated as possible strategies for thickening and dewatering of algae. The goal of this study was to validate that algae cells treated by such means could be processed by vacuum belt filters and to determine the conditions under which the solids content could be increased to 5 to 25 wt%. The flocculation and sedimentation studies focused on conditions needed to thicken algae from a culture concentration range of 0.4 to 1 g L-1 to an end-product concentration range of 15 to 50 g L-1. Sedimentation rates of were measured with varying flocculant dosages (0 to 25 ppm) for various flocculants. The highest level of compaction was achieved with a synthetic cationic polymeric flocculant with higher molecular weight at a dosage of 15 ppm, which provided 16.3 mL of compacted solids (3.3 wt% solids). Subsequently, solids were successfully separated as a cake via gravity and vacuum filtration. The filtration studies focused on the conditions needed to filter flocculated algae slurry from a concentration range of 15 to 50 g L-1 to a product at a concentration range of 50 to 250 g L-1. Filtration rates of were measured on algae slurry treated with 10 to 15 ppm of a synthetic cationic polymeric flocculant. Processing parameters such as cake formation time, filtration rate, and mass throughput were evaluated against variables such as cake thickness, feed concentration, and processing time. Keywords: Algae, Dewatering, Filtration, Flocculation, Scenedesmus sp., Sedimentation, Thickening.
Effects of Prior Freezing Conditions on the Quality of Blueberries in a Freeze-Drying Process
Authors: Ngo Hien Thi , Tojo Seishu , Ban Takuya , Chosa Tadashi
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Freeze-drying has played an increasingly important role in the production of dehydrated foods. This article discusses the operating conditions of the prior freezing process of blueberry fruit to maintain the fruit aroma during the sublimation process. The properties of frozen fruit, such as ice crystal size, seem to depend on the freezing speed, leading to some aroma loss during the sublimation process. The temperature of the deep freezer was set at -20°C, -40°C, -60°C, or -80°C to determine the effects of changing the freezing speed of blueberries during prior freezing. Northern highbush blueberry cultivars Dixi and Elliott harvested in a university orchard (Tokyo, Japan) were used as the test material. The sublimation process of freeze-drying was done using a transparent vacuum desiccator connected to a vacuum pump through a vapor cooling trap under heating conditions provided by a far-infrared heater. Trapped vapors were analyzed with GC-MS to identify and quantify the aroma compounds of the blueberries, such as benzaldehyde. The change in the appearance of the freeze-dried blueberries following prior freezing at various speeds is also described. The amounts of typical volatile compounds, such as acetic acid, 2-hexanol, and 3-hexanol, decreased as the freezing speed increased. Most volatile aroma compounds could be preserved when blueberries were frozen rapidly in a deep freezer. Keywords: Aroma loss, Blueberry, Freeze drying, Freezing speed, Prior freezing.
A COLONIALIDADE E A VALORIZAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO TRADICIONAL ASSOCIADO À LUZ DA RELAÇÃO LUSO-BRASILEIRA
Authors: Abreu Kamila Assis
Published: August 2017

O presente trabalho pretende analisar o processo da colonialidade/modernidade cultural enraizada pela relação entre raça x Estado x capitalismo e eurocentrismo, no que tange ao Conhecimento Tradicional Associado (CTA) das comunidades indígenas e comunidades locais. Verificou-se que a causa do acesso e destruição do Conhecimento Tradicional Associado está vinculada a temas como racismo, colonialismo, colonialidade, eurocentrismo, Governança Internacional, dentre outros. Contraditoriamente, percebeu-se que a aliança que causou o acesso abusivo do CTA e dos recursos naturais em tempos remotos é a mesma aliança que hoje poderá trazer esperança de um futuro melhor para ambos os países. Utilizou-se a Revisão de Literatura como método de pesquisa.
A EFETIVAÇÃO DOS INSTITUTOS DE PARTICIPAÇÃO POPULAR DIRETA NO BRASIL
Authors: Rios Gabriel
Published: August 2017

O presente trabalho visa a propor e a analisar possíveis alternativas para a efetivação dos institutos de participação popular direta no Brasil, adotando como ponto de partida o contraste entre o mandamento constitucional em prol da democracia semidireta (maximalismo democrático) e a escassa utilização dos referendos, plebiscitos e iniciativas populares. Para tanto, realizar-se-á uma revisão bibliográfica mesclada com uma pesquisa documental, promovendo uma análise crítica dos mecanismos formais de participação popular não-intermediada previstos constitucionalmente, dos principais institutos não-previstos constitucionalmente e do papel que pode ser desempenhado pela tecnologia na concretização de um modelo deliberativo de democracia, abordando a mitigação do cunhado “dogma da inviabilidade da democracia direta”. Conclui-se aventando as bases para uma efetiva democracia participativa no Brasil, incluindo a ampliação do rol dos institutos de participação direta do povo (em âmbito nacional e local), a facilitação do seu uso (através, por exemplo, de meios eletrônicos), o acionamento popular de referendos e plebiscitos e a consolidação da força vinculante das decisões populares, ressalvando, porém, que a utilização ampla de instrumentos que permitam o exercício do poder político pelo povo tão-somente não é bastante para construir um Estado verdadeiramente democrático, apesar de constituir um passo inicial bastante sólido.
A EXPERIÊNCIA DO ESTÁGIO DE ESTUDANTES DA TURMA ELIZABETH TEIXEIRA: o ato educativo como princípio do estágio
Authors: Sena Rawy
Published: August 2017

O presente texto é uma descrição de três fundamentos do estágio jurídico profissionalizante, ou não obrigatório, realizado por dois estudantes da Turma Elizabeth Teixeira em um escritório de advocacia popular. São eles: a) o marco normativo do estágio jurídico da Turma Elizabeth Teixeira; b) o campo de estágio e c) a própria formação da turma, bem como o seu perfil. Percebe-se que há uma série de virtudes e desafios a partir destes três fundamentos e que, com a perspectiva do ato educativo, a experiência é bastante oportuna por dedução,
CORDEL DE CONTRATOS AGRÁRIOS
Authors: Oliveira João Aparecido dos Santos
Published: August 2017

Pedimos vossa atençãoPara aqui nos tolerarSobre contratos agráriosIremos apresentarPra que a mensagem não falhePreste atenção nos detalhesDa forma de explanar
Pola Jumlah Trombosit Pasien Infeksi Virus Dengue yang dirawat di SMF Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya
Authors: Sari Rizkiya Candra , Kahar Hartono , Puspitasari Dwiyanti
Published: August 2017

Latar belakang. Dengue merupakan penyakit infeksi virus akut yang sering menimbulkan morbiditas dan mortalitas tinggi di Indonesia. Trombositopenia merupakan salah satu parameter laboratorium dalam penegakan diagnosis infeksi virus dengue yang dapat berubah dari hari ke hari.Tujuan. Mengetahui pola jumlah trombosit pada anak terinfeksi virus dengue untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan kewaspadaan terhadap kondisi pasien.Metode. Penelitian retrospektif analitik pada pasien dengue fever (DF) dan dengue haemorrhage fever (DHF) yang dirawat di SMF Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya periode Januari-Juni 2015. Data jumlah trombosit, hari sakit, diagnosis, dan karakteristik penderita diambil dari rekam medis dan dianalisis menggunakan independent sample t-test.Hasil. Rerata trombosit pasien DF mulai turun pada hari sakit ke-4. Terendah pada hari sakit ke-5 dan kembali naik pada hari sakit ke-6. Rerata trombosit pasien DHF menurun mulai hari sakit ke-3. Terendah pada hari sakit ke-5 dan meningkat pada hari sakit ke-6. Rerata trombosit pasien DHF dengan syok hari sakit ke-3 adalah 52.382 sel/mm3 dan rerata terendah pada hari sakit ke-6 (40.815 sel/mm3) dan mulai meningkat pada hari sakit ke-7. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata trombosit DF dan DHF pada hari sakit ke-3,4,5,6 (p<0,001) dan ke-8 (p=0,012). Perbedaan rerata trombosit pasien DHF dengan dan tanpa syok bermakna pada hari sakit ke-6 (40.815 sel/mm3 dan 68.589 sel/mm3, p=0,004).Kesimpulan. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada rerata trombosit pasien DF dan DHF. Penurunan trombosit <100.000 sel/mm3 pada hari sakit ke-3 harus lebih diwaspadai agar tidak jatuh pada kondisi syok yang lebih buruk.
Perbandingan Efektivitas Reduksi Risiko Komprehensif dengan Edukasi Abstinensia dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku Mencegah Kehamilan Remaja
Authors: Roboth Devi Andarwati , Setiabudi Djatnika , Dhamayanti Meita
Published: August 2017

Latar belakang. Insidens kehamilan remaja terus meningkat. Reduksi risiko komprehensif terbukti efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku mencegah kehamilan remaja. Beberapa penelitian membuktikan edukasi abstinensia efektif mencegah kehamilan remaja, namun sebagian lagi tidak.Tujuan. Membandingkan dan menganalisis efektivitas reduksi risiko komprehensif dan edukasi abstinensia dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku mencegah kehamilan remaja.Metode. Randomized controlled trial dilakukan sejak Maret sampai April 2017 pada 179 remaja usia 13−18 tahun, di dua sekolah menengah Kabupaten Bandung yang diberikan intervensi reduksi risiko komprehensif dan edukasi abstinensia. Kkuesioner pre dan post test digunakan untuk mengukur efektivitas kedua intervensi. Wilcoxon signed rank test digunakan untuk melihat efektivitas intervensi pada masing-masing kelompok. Mann-Withney U digunakan untuk membandingkan efektivitas kedua intervensi.Hasil. Intevensi reduksi risiko komprehensif bermakna lebih efektif meningkatkan komponen pengetahuan nilai KAP sebesar 19,03% (p<0,001), komponen sikap 8,11% (p<0,001), komponen perilaku 33,33% (p=0,012), serta12,50% (p<0,001) nilai KAP keseluruhan. Edukasi abstinensia meningkatkan komponen pengetahuan 4,55%, sikap 0,00%, perilaku 16,67%, serta nilai KAP keseluruhan 3,077%.Kesimpulan. Intervensi reduksi risiko komprehensif lebih efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan mencegah kehamilan remaja dibandingkan intervensi edukasi abstinensia.
Hubungan Jumlah Leukosit serta Kadar Cluster of Differentiation-4 dengan Derajat Keparahan Pneumonia pada Anak dengan Infeksi Human Immmunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Supadma I Nyoman , Purniti Putu Siadi , Subanada Ida Bagus , Mayangsari Ayu Setyorini Mestika , Kumara Wati Ketut Dewi , Witarini Komang Ayu
Published: August 2017

Latar belakang. Pneumonia merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada anak usia di bawah 5 tahun di seluruh dunia, terutama pada infeksi human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Parameter yang mudah diukur dan dikerjakan diperlukan untuk memprediksi derajat keparahan pneumonia pada anak dengan HIV.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan jumlah leukosit dan kadar CD4 dengan derajat keparahan pneumonia pada anak dengan infeksi HIV.Metode. Penelitian analitik dengan desain potong lintang, dilibatkan 42 anak HIV dengan pneumonia berat dan sangat berat. Pemeriksaan penunjang yang rutin dikerjakan adalah darah lengkap dan kadar CD4.Hasil. Nilai median (minimal-maksimal) kadar CD4 pneumonia sangat berat lebih rendah [19,5 (12,5-26,0)]% dibandingkan dengan pneumonia berat [35,3 (14,0-56,5)]%. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan derajat keparahan pneumonia tidak dipengaruhi oleh jumlah leukosit [RO 0,63 (IK 95% 0,09 sampai 4,23), P=0,63], tetapi dipengaruhi oleh kadar CD4 [RO 0,10 (IK 95% 0,02 sampai 0,46), P=0,01]. Kesimpulan. Kadar CD4 berhubungan dengan derajat keparahan pneumonia pada anak dengan infeksi HIV.
Hubungan antara Hasil Pemeriksaan Leukosit, Trombosit dan Hematokrit dengan Derajat Klinik DBD pada Pasien Anak Di RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda
Authors: Idris Rosdiana , Tjeng William S. , Sudarso Sulistiawati
Published: August 2017

Latar belakang. Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) dapat menyerang seluruh kelompok usia, khususnya anak-anak sehingga diperlukan perhatian lebih pada derajat klinik maupun hasil laboratorium. Pemeriksaan leukosit, trombosit, dan hematokrit yang akurat untuk setiap derajat klinik DBD akan membantu dan mempermudah diagnosis dan tata kelola pasien untuk menentukan prognosis. Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara leukosit, trombosit, dan hematokrit dengan derajat klinik DBD. Metode. Desain penelitian potong lintang data diambil dari catatan rekam medik pasien DBD anak usia <13 tahun yang didiagnosis DBD oleh dokter spesialis anak dan dirawat inap di RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie selama tahun 2015. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman dengan menggunakan SPSS 20,0 for Windows.Hasil. Didapatkan 95 responden yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Hasil uji analisis didapatkan hubungan positif tidak bermakna dan sangat lemah antara jumlah leukosit dan derajat klinik DBD (p=0,439; r=0,080). Terdapat hubungan negatif yang bermakna sedang antara jumlah trombosit dengan derajat klinik DBD (p=0,000; r=-0,449), dan terdapat hubungan positif bermakna dan lemah antara hematokrit dengan derajat klinik DBD (p=0,038; r=0,214).Kesimpulan. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jumlah leukosit dengan derajat klinik DBD, dan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jumlah trombosit dan nilai hematokrit dengan derajat klinik DBD
Mapeamento do risco à contaminação do sistema aquífero Serra Geral no município de Chapecó (SC)
Authors: Soares Mirianne Ugolini Goulart , Mota Aline de Almeida
Published: August 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi mapear a vulnerabilidade, o perigo e o risco à contaminação do Sistema Aquífero Serra Geral no município de Chapecó, por meio da aplicação dos métodos GOD, POSH e álgebra de mapas, respectivamente. Para isso, foram utilizadas informações da hidrogeologia, pedologia e nível estático dos poços perfurados na região e cadastrados no Sistema de Informações de Águas Subterrâneas. Por meio do método GOD, estimou-se a vulnerabilidade do Sistema Aquífero Serra Geral como baixa em aproximadamente 90% da área município. Entretanto, 57% da área do município e 83% do perímetro urbano foram classificados como de perigo elevado. Isso faz com que aproximadamente metade da área do Sistema Aquífero Serra Geral no município tenha risco alto, e no perímetro urbano essa porcentagem é ainda maior, 71%. Estes resultados evidenciam a necessidade de planejamento adequado no que diz respeito à localização tanto de novos poços quanto de atividades antrópicas. Os mapas gerados podem ser utilizados como ferramenta para o planejamento territorial do município.
Comentarios de libros: Comentario a Jock Young: La imaginación criminológica
Authors: Alvarez Locatelli Tania
Published: August 2017

Comentarios de libros: Comentario a Jock Young: La imaginación criminológica
La ambivalencia de la técnica
Authors: Alonso Fernández Marcos
Published: August 2017

La técnica ha sido un tema de discusión desde los orígenes de la filosofía, si bien pocas veces ha sido pensado más allá de prejuicios y planteamientos algo simplistas. En el siglo XX y principios del XXI hemos asistido a un aumento en el número de trabajos sobre la técnica, principalmente debido a la omnipresencia y preeminencia que la técnica moderna ha alcanzado en nuestras vidas. Sin embargo, estos trabajos han vuelto a quedarse cortos en el intento de hacer una verdadera filosofía de la tecnología, cayendo en su demonización (corriente tecnófoba) o en su veneración (corriente tecnófila). Una de las excepciones a esta dinámica reduccionista es la filosofía de la técnica de Ortega y Gasset, un aspecto no tan conocido de su pensamiento, que sin embargo esconde un gran potencial para entender nuestro presente tecnológico.
Teilhard de Chardin y la vida cósmica: cien años después
Authors: Sequeiros Leandro
Published: August 2017

En el año 1916, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin lleva más de un año ejerciendo de camillero en el frente de batalla. Es entonces cuando se despliega el «genio teilhardiano». Su primer ensayo de tipo espiritual, filosófico y místico es «La Vida cósmica» de cuya redacción se cumple un siglo en 2016. Presentamos en este trabajo un comentario al contexto en el que se escribe este ensayo, así como la presentación de las ideas más sobresalientes del mismo con unas notas críticas aclaratorias. En otro lugar, presentamos el texto completo con una nueva traducción realizada a partir del texto francés de las Obras de Teilhard.
La ley natural en el pensamiento de Jacques Maritain
Authors: López-Casquete de Prado Manuel
Published: August 2017

La importancia de la obra del autor francés Jacques Maritain está fuera de toda duda. No sólo fue uno de los iniciadores del movimiento personalista, sino que influyó de forma decisiva en la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia desde Populorum progressio (1967) e inspiró el surgimiento de un gran número de partidos de inspiración cristiana. Uno de los mayores hitos de su carrera fue la participación en los trabajos preparatorios de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos, auspiciada por la ONU en 1948. Ese cometido ofreció a Maritain una ocasión privilegiada para debatir y hacer filosofía viva de sus tesis sobre la ley natural. En este artículo ofrecemos una revisión crítica del pensamiento iusnaturalista de Maritain y analizamos su participación en la Declaración de 1948, la cual avala la solidez de su elaboración filosófica.
La naturaleza de la consciencia
Authors: Morgado Bernal Ignacio
Published: August 2017

La consciencia es un estado unificado de la mente, cualitativo y subjetivo. Una de cuyas formas más especiales es la autoconsciencia, que nos permite darnos cuenta de que nos damos cuenta y reflexionar sobre nuestros propios pensamientos (sección 1). Esta consciencia dota al ser humano de la capacidad para interpretar el mundo y responder a él. Así, gracias a los qualia, tenemos la capacidad de comportarnos circunstancialmente (sección 2). Es importante conocer los correlatos y las causas cerebrales que dan origen a la consciencia. Es en la corteza cerebral donde radica la capacidad de ser consciente. Problema de la unidad de percepción: sincronización de neuronas o integración funcional (sección 3). Sin embargo, el problema de la consciencia no consiste sólo en conocer su naturaleza (material), sino también en conocer cómo se produce la emergencia de la imaginación subjetiva, respuesta que actualmente no existe y que tampoco aportaría ninguna ventaja práctica a la especie (sección 4).
¿Hay una neurofísica de la proporción áurea?
Authors: Caballero Bono José Luis
Published: August 2017

La proporción áurea es señalada por la tradición como un canon de belleza. Este artículo explica el concepto de proporción áurea, empleando como ejemplo la fachada de la capilla de Schönstatt. A continuación se pregunta si hay una base neurológica de la predilección por esta proporción y propone un experimento de magnetoencefalografía para dilucidarlo. Si respeta determinadas condiciones, este experimento puede proporcionar claves más relevantes para este asunto que la medida estética de Birkhoff. Incluso podría cuestionar la opinión de Kant de que el juicio estético es completamente desinteresado.
Problemas de plausibilidad y evidencia empírica en los recientes estudios científicos sobre la religión
Authors: Oviedo Torró, OFM Lluis
Published: August 2017

Las Ciencias Cognitivas de la Religión (RSE) han desarrollado desde hace casi veinte años explicaciones naturalistas sobre la mente y el comportamiento religioso, abriendo ese campo al análisis científico. Los estudiosos acostumbrados a comprender la religión desde una tradición más humanista o un enfoque hermenéutico, como teólogos, filósofos de la religión, y fenomenólogos pueden sentirse sorprendidos por la aplicación de métodos biológicos-evolutivos, cognitivos y neurológicos para explicar mejor la religión; a menudo perciben como extraño el uso de nuevos términos, conceptos y formas de entender la religión, más allá de los marcos tradicionales. El tiempo ha madurado para una evaluación de la plausibilidad que exhiben estas nuevas teorías, teniendo en cuenta sus respectivos marcos y la evidencia empírica reportada.
Vulnerabilidad humana en tiempos del poshumano: una reflexión teológica
Authors: Torró Ferrero Luis Miguel
Published: August 2017

El poshumanismo y transhumanismo representa varias y distintas corrientes de pensamiento que ponen de relieve la relación entre la tecnología y los seres humanos actualizando la pregunta acerca de qué es el ser humano. Algunas de estas propuestas sugieren que la tecnología será capaz de vencer todos los límites humanos, e incluso, los humanos serán capaces de conseguir la inmortalidad tecnológica. Pero, una mirada a lo que el ser humano es, indica la necesidad de comprenderlo como frágil y vulnerable. Existe un riesgo de deshumanización en la aplicación de las tecnologías si la vulnerabilidad humana no se tiene en cuenta.
The post-crisis slump in Europe: a business cycle accounting analysis
Authors: Gerth Florian , Otsu Keisuke
Published: August 2017

This paper analyzes the post-crisis slump in 30 European economies during the 2008Q1–2014Q4 period using the business cycle accounting (BCA) method à la [Chari, V. V., P. Kehoe, and E. McGrattan. 2007. “Business Cycle Accounting.” Econometrica 75 (3): 781–836]. We find that the deterioration in the efficiency wedge is the most important driver of the European Great Recession and that this adverse shock persists throughout our sample. Moreover, we find that countries with higher growth in nonperforming loans feature a smaller decline in efficiency wedges. These findings support the emerging literature on resource misallocation triggered by financial crises.
The Algerian Constitutional Reform of 2016: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Biagi Francesco
Published: August 2017

In February 2016 the Algerian Parliament adopted a broad-sweeping constitutional reform, which came into force in March of the same year. The paper addresses the long process of revision of the 1996 Constitution and discusses the most significant novelties introduced by this reform. The paper argues that while from a political standpoint Algeria was and still remains in many ways an “exception” in the MENA region, from a constitutional point of view, on the contrary, Algeria followed to a large extent the same path pursued by the vast majority of the Arab countries.
Breast cancer and pregnancy
Authors: Knabben Laura , Mueller Michel D.
Published: August 2017

Background

In the past decades the incidence of pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) increased. Possible explanations are the trend to postpone childbearing and the general increase in the incidence of breast cancer.

Materials and methods

A sytematic review of the literature was performed with the aim to report on incidence, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer during pregnancy. We also cover the issue of pregnancy following a diagnosis of breast cancer including fertility preservation and prognosis.

Results

Ultrasound is the imaging method of choice in pregnancy, but mammography can also be performed as the fetal irradiation dose is low. To avoid a delay in diagnosis every sonographic mass in pregnant women which does not clearly correspond to a cyst needs further investigation by biopsy. Treatment should follow as close as possible the guidelines for non-pregnant patients. Administration of chemotherapy is possible after the first trimester. There is a large body of evidence for the use of anthracyclines. In contrast radiotherapy, trastuzumab and antihormonal treatment by tamoxifen are contraindicated during pregnancy. Pregnancy does not seem to influence prognosis. Most adverse obstetric outcomes are related to preterm delivery, which should therefore, whenever possible, be avoided. Young patients with breast cancer and incomplete family planning should be referred for counseling about fertility preservation options before the initiation of adjuvant treatment. A pregnancy following breast cancer does not have a negative impact on prognosis.

Conclusion

Multidisciplinary management of women with breast cancer in pregnancy is mandatory and data should be collected to allow further improvement in management.
Targeted degradomics in protein terminomics and protease substrate discovery
Authors: Savickas Simonas , auf dem Keller Ulrich
Published: August 2017

Targeted degradomics integrates positional information into mass spectrometry (MS)-based targeted proteomics workflows and thereby enables analysis of proteolytic cleavage events with unprecedented specificity and sensitivity. Rapid progress in the establishment of protease-substrate relations provides extensive degradomics target lists that now can be tested with help of selected and parallel reaction monitoring (S/PRM) in complex biological systems, where proteases act in physiological environments. In this minireview, we describe the general principles of targeted degradomics, outline the generic experimental workflow of the methodology and highlight recent and future applications in protease research.
Math anxiety in Thai early adolescents: a cognitive-behavioral perspective
Authors: Wangsiriwech Tawatchai , Pisitsungkagarn Kullaya , Jarukasemthawee Somboon
Published: August 2017

With its high prevalence and debilitating impact on students, math anxiety is well studied within the educational context. However, the problem has yet to be examined from the psychological perspective, which is necessary in order to produce a more comprehensive perspective and to pave the way for therapeutic intervention. The current study, therefore, was conducted to identify cognitive and behavioral factors relevant to the occurrence and maintenance of math anxiety. Data were collected from 300 grade 9 students (150 females and 150 males) from public and private schools in Bangkok, Thailand. Participants responded to the measures of math anxiety, negative math beliefs, negative math appraisals and math avoidance. Structural equation modeling was conducted. Model fit indices obtained consistently suggested the good fitness of the model to the data [e.g. χ2/df = 0.42, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.00]. Negative math beliefs, negative math appraisals and math avoidance had a significant direct effect on math anxiety. Additionally, the indirect effect of negative math appraisal was observed between negative math beliefs and math anxiety. In summary, the proposed model accounted for 84.5% of the variance in the anxiety. The findings are discussed with particular focus on implications for therapeutic intervention for math anxiety.
Polycyclic 3d-metalchelates formed owing to inner-sphere transmutations in the gelatin matrix: synthesis and structures
Authors: Mikhailov Oleg V.
Published: August 2017

Processes of synthesis of polycyclic compounds containing various 3d-elements, proceeding in gelatin matrix in the systems M(II) ion – (N,S)- or (N,O,S)-containing organic compound A – mono- or dicarbonyl-containing organic compound B, resulting in one of a variety of inner-sphere transmutations, namely “self-assembly”, have been considered and discussed. The chemical nature of the final products of such a synthesis formed under these specific conditions have been compared with the chemical nature of the final products formed by similar synthesis in solutions. It has been noted that in many cases, the nature and chemical composition of these products differ substantially. Specific features of the density functional theory calculated molecular structures of the metal macrocyclic compounds that can be formed due to such a synthesis in the systems indicated above have been discussed, too. The review covers the period 1990–2016.
Wearable technology for patients with brain and spinal cord injuries
Authors: Burns Alexis , Adeli Hojjat
Published: August 2017

Studies have shown that patients who practice functional movements at home in conjunction with outpatient therapy show higher improvement in motor recovery. However, patients are not qualified to monitor or assess their own condition that must be reported back to the clinician. Therefore, there is a need to transmit physiological data to clinicians from patients in their home environment. This paper presents a review of wearable technology for in-home health monitoring, assessment, and rehabilitation of patients with brain and spinal cord injuries.
The phenomenon of presence in spiritual care: a tapestry of themes
Authors: Corrigan Martina , Flanagan Bernadette
Published: August 2017

This paper is an invitation to contemplate the phenomenon of presence. This is inherently important, in the bigger picture and broader conversation concerning presence and more especially the art of presence as spiritual care. Experience centred narratives are ‘texts’ which bring stories of personal experience into being. The self-narrative (autoethnography) and three additional narratives – co-participants who expressed a willingness to tell their story – is the chosen approach to enable the expression of first-person experience in all its richness, complexity and multiplicity. The essence of presence is portrayed with particular focus on the manifestation, mystery, meaning, movement and ministry dimensions and dynamics of the concept. The patterns and meanings of the lived experience of presence, in the four narratives, emerge beyond the narrative realms of writing, extending into the symbolic realms of art, poetry and music as engaged by the co-informants. This essay is the story of presence in the presence of story – a co-creation of the nature and experience of presence, a tapestry woven on and of the fabric of life.
Spiritual Care und Pflegewissenschaft. Ein Beitrag zum aktuellen Diskussionsstand im deutschsprachigen Raum
Authors: Peng-Keller Simon , Rettke Horst
Published: August 2017

Der Beitrag untersucht den Diskussionsstand zur pflegespezifischen Spiritual Care in der deutschsprachigen Pflegewissenschaft. Untersucht wurden für den Zeitraum Januar 2010 bis Mai 2017 neben einer Stichwortrecherche in den Datenbanken CINAHL die fünf wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften Pflege, Pflegewissenschaft, Pflege & Gesellschaft, Klinische Pflegeforschung und Spiritual Care sowie drei Standard-Lehrbücher (Pflege Heute, Thiemes Pflege, Lehrbuch für psychiatrische Pflege). Es zeigten sich ein deutlicher Kontrast zur internationalen Entwicklung sowie ein Bedarf an Forschung zur pflegespezifischen Spiritual Care im deutschsprachigen Raum.
Resistance Training Is Associated With Higher Lumbar Spine and Hip Bone Mineral Density in Competitive Male Cyclists
Authors: Mathis Shannon L. , Caputo Jennifer L.
Published: August 2017

Mathis, SL, and Caputo, JL. Resistance training is associated with higher lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density in competitive male cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 274–279, 2018—In contrast to other athletic activities, competitive cycling is associated with low areal bone mineral density (BMD). This investigation evaluated training and dietary factors associated with BMD in a sample of competitive male cyclists. Lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, and femoral trochanter BMD were measured with dual X-ray absorptiometry in 40 cyclists at the start of a cycling season. Participants reported weekly hours of cycling and weight training, years of competitive cycling experience, and completed a 1-day dietary recall to allow estimation of dietary calcium intake. Multivariable linear regression analyses revealed that weight training was associated with higher BMD of the lumbar spine (β = 0.001, t = 2.88, p = 0.01), hip (β = 0.002, t = 4.95, p < 0.001), femoral neck (β = 0.002, t = 5.31, p < 0.001), and femoral trochanter (β = 0.002, t = 4.31, p < 0.001). No other factor was a predictor of preseason BMD in this sample. These data emphasize the need for competitive male cyclists to participate in weight training to maintain or increase bone mass of the lumbar spine and hip.
A Population of Indirect Pathway Striatal Projection Neurons Is Selectively Entrained to Parkinsonian Beta Oscillations
Authors: Sharott Andrew , Vinciati Federica , Nakamura Kouichi C. , Magill Peter J.
Published: August 2017

Classical schemes of basal ganglia organization posit that parkinsonian movement difficulties presenting after striatal dopamine depletion stem from the disproportionate firing rates of spiny projection neurons (SPNs) therein. There remains, however, a pressing need to elucidate striatal SPN firing in the context of the synchronized network oscillations that are abnormally exaggerated in cortical–basal ganglia circuits in parkinsonism. To address this, we recorded unit activities in the dorsal striatum of dopamine-intact and dopamine-depleted rats during two brain states, respectively defined by cortical slow-wave activity (SWA) and activation. Dopamine depletion escalated striatal net output but had contrasting effects on “direct pathway” SPNs (dSPNs) and “indirect pathway” SPNs (iSPNs); their firing rates became imbalanced, and they disparately engaged in network oscillations. Disturbed striatal activity dynamics relating to the slow (∼1 Hz) oscillations prevalent during SWA partly generalized to the exaggerated beta-frequency (15–30 Hz) oscillations arising during cortical activation. In both cases, SPNs exhibited higher incidences of phase-locked firing to ongoing cortical oscillations, and SPN ensembles showed higher levels of rhythmic correlated firing, after dopamine depletion. Importantly, in dopamine-depleted striatum, a widespread population of iSPNs, which often displayed excessive firing rates and aberrant phase-locked firing to cortical beta oscillations, preferentially and excessively synchronized their firing at beta frequencies. Conversely, dSPNs were neither hyperactive nor synchronized to a large extent during cortical activation. These data collectively demonstrate a cell type-selective entrainment of SPN firing to parkinsonian beta oscillations. We conclude that a population of overactive, excessively synchronized iSPNs could orchestrate these pathological rhythms in basal ganglia circuits.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChronic depletion of dopamine from the striatum, a part of the basal ganglia, causes some symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Here, we elucidate how dopamine depletion alters striatal neuron firingin vivo, with an emphasis on defining whether and how spiny projection neurons (SPNs) engage in the synchronized beta-frequency (15–30 Hz) oscillations that become pathologically exaggerated throughout basal ganglia circuits in parkinsonism. We discovered that a select population of so-called “indirect pathway” SPNs not only fire at abnormally high rates, but are also particularly prone to being recruited to exaggerated beta oscillations. Our results provide an important link between two complementary theories that explain the presentation of disease symptoms on the basis of changes in firing rate or firing synchronization/rhythmicity.
Rab35 GTPase recruits NDP52 to autophagy targets
Authors: Minowa‐Nozawa Atsuko , Nozawa Takashi , Okamoto‐Furuta Keiko , Kohda Haruyasu , Nakagawa Ichiro
Published: August 2017

Autophagy targets intracellular molecules, damaged organelles, and invading pathogens for degradation in lysosomes. Recent studies have identified autophagy receptors that facilitate this process by binding to ubiquitinated targets, including NDP52. Here, we demonstrate that the small guanosine triphosphatase Rab35 directs NDP52 to the corresponding targets of multiple forms of autophagy. The active GTP‐bound form of Rab35 accumulates on bacteria‐containing endosomes, and Rab35 directly binds and recruits NDP52 to internalized bacteria. Additionally, Rab35 promotes interaction of NDP52 with ubiquitin. This process is inhibited by TBC1D10A, a GAP that inactivates Rab35, but stimulated by autophagic activation via TBK1 kinase, which associates with NDP52. Rab35, TBC1D10A, and TBK1 regulate NDP52 recruitment to damaged mitochondria and to autophagosomes to promote mitophagy and maturation of autophagosomes, respectively. We propose that Rab35‐GTP is a critical regulator of autophagy through recruiting autophagy receptor NDP52.
Teacher Professional Development and Appraisal
Authors: Kimshanov Kushtarbek , Dyikanbaeva Totukan
Published: August 2017

Abstract The paper is based on analysis of international literature on school teacher appraisal and professional development.  Teacher appraisal is a very important area of study, and traditionally it has been quite a contested field as well.  Teachers used to feel tension and anxiety due to unfair teacher appraisal, and they often reacted to teacher appraisal with resentment and nervousness.  Historically, teacher teacher appraisal was aimed to inform the issues and training considerations in education during the decades of the seventies and was establish to exercise greater accountability to maintain a high standard in education. However, eventually the developmental purpose had been emphasized. This paper presents rich literature on teacher appraisal and teacher development concepts. Abstrak Artikel ini berdasarkan analisis literatur internasional pada penilaian guru sekolah dan pengembangan profesional. Penilaian guru merupakan bidang kajian yang sangat penting, dan sudah menjadi bidang kajian yang cukup sering diperdebatkan. Guru kerap merasa tegang dan cemas dikarenakan penilaian guru yang tidak adil, dan mereka sering bereaksi terhadap penilaian guru dengan kekesalan dan gugup. Dalam sejarahnya, penilaian guru bertujuan untuk memberitahukan isu-isu dan pertimbangan pelatihan dalam pendidikan selama dekade tujuh puluhan dan telah dibentuk untuk melatih akuntabilitas yang lebih baik untuk mengatasi standar pendidikan yang tinggi. Namun, akhirnya tujuan pengembangan telah ditekankan. Artikel ini memberikan beragam informasi tentang penilaian guru dan konsep pengembangan guru. How to Cite : Kimshanov, K. Dyikanbaeva, T. (2015). Teacher Professional Development and Appraisal. TARBIYA: Journal Of Education In Muslim Society, 2(2), 146-152. doi:10.15408/tjems.v2i2.2802. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i2.2802