bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling of Solar Radiation Pressure Effects: Parameter Analysis for the MICROSCOPE Mission
Authors: List Meike , Bremer Stefanie , Rievers Benny , Selig Hanns
Published: November 2015

Modern scientific space missions pose high requirements on the accuracy of the prediction and the analysis of satellite motion. On the one hand, accurate orbit propagation models are needed for the design and the preparation of a mission. On the other hand, these models are needed for the mission data analysis itself, thus allowing for the identification of unexpected disturbances, couplings, and noises which may affect the scientific signals. We present a numerical approach for Solar Radiation Pressure modelling, which is one of the main contributors for nongravitational disturbances for Earth orbiting satellites. The here introduced modelling approach allows for the inclusion of detailed spacecraft geometries, optical surface properties, and the variation of these optical surface properties (material degradation) during the mission lifetime. By using the geometry definition, surface property definitions, and mission definition of the French MICROSCOPE mission we highlight the benefit of an accurate Solar Radiation Pressure modelling versus conventional methods such as the Cannonball model or a Wing-Box approach. Our analysis shows that the implementation of a detailed satellite geometry and the consideration of changing surface properties allow for the detection of systematics which are not detectable by conventional models.
ATAD2 Overexpression Identifies Colorectal Cancer Patients with Poor Prognosis and Drives Proliferation of Cancer Cells
Authors: Luo Yang , Ye Guang-Yao , Qin Shao-Lan , Yu Min-Hao , Mu Yi-Fei , Zhong Ming
Published: November 2015

ATPase family AAA domain-containing 2 (ATAD2) has been identified as a critical modulator involved in cell proliferation and invasion. The purpose of this study was to explore the expression of ATAD2 in CRC tissues as well as its relationship with degree of malignancy. Data containing three independent investigations from Oncomine database demonstrated that ATAD2 is overexpressed in CRC compared with normal tissue, and similar result was also found in 32 pairs of CRC tissues by qPCR. The protein expression of ATAD2 was examined in six CRC cell lines and 300 CRC specimens. The results showed that high expression of ATAD2 was significantly correlated with tumor size(P<0.001), serum CEA(P=0.012), lymph node metastasis(P=0.018), liver metastasis(P=0.025), and clinical stage(P=0.004). Kaplan-Meier method suggested that higher ATAD2 protein expression significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) of CRC patients(P<0.001)and was an independent predictor of poor OS. Functional studies showed that suppression of ATAD2 expression with siRNA could significantly inhibit the growth in SW480 and HCT116 cells. These results indicated that ATAD2 could serve as a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for CRC.
Postoperative Submandibular Gland Swelling following Craniotomy under General Anesthesia
Authors: Nakanishi Haruka , Tono Tetsuya , Ibusuki Shoichiro
Published: November 2015

Objective. Reporting of a rare case of postoperative submandibular gland swelling following craniotomy.Case Report. A 33-year-old male underwent resection for a brain tumor under general anesthesia. The tumor was resected via a retrosigmoid suboccipital approach and the patient was placed in a lateral position with his face down and turned to the right. Slight swelling of the right submandibular gland was observed just after the surgery. Seven hours after surgery, edematous change around the submandibular gland worsened and he required emergent reintubation due to airway compromise. The cause of submandibular gland swelling seemed to be an obstruction of the salivary duct due to surgical positioning.Conclusion. Once submandibular swelling and edematous change around the submandibular gland occur, they can worsen and compromise the air way within several hours after operation. Adequate precaution must be taken for any predisposing skull-base surgery that requires strong cervical rotation and flexion.
Plant Growth Promotion Activity of Keratinolytic Fungi Growing on a Recalcitrant Waste Known as “Hair Waste”
Authors: Cavello Ivana A. , Crespo Juan M. , García Sabrina S. , Zapiola José M. , Luna María F. , Cavalitto Sebastián F.
Published: November 2015

Purpureocillium lilacinum(Thom) Samsom is one of the most studied fungi in the control of plant parasitic nematodes. However, there is not specific information on its ability to inhibit some pathogenic bacteria, fungi, or yeast. This work reports the production of several antifungal hydrolytic enzymes by a strain ofP. lilacinumwhen it is grown in a medium containing hair waste. The growth of several plant-pathogenic fungi,Alternaria alternata,Aspergillus niger, andFusarium culmorum, was considerably affected by the presence ofP. lilacinum’s supernatant. Besides antifungal activity,P. lilacinumdemonstrates the capability to produce indoleacetic acid and ammonia during time cultivation on hair waste medium. Plant growth-promoting activity by cell-free supernatant was evidenced through the increase of the percentage of tomato seed germination from 71 to 85% after 48 hours. A 21-day plant growth assay using tomato plants indicates that crude supernatant promotes the growth of the plants similar to a reference fertilizer (p>0.05). These results suggest that both strain and the supernatant may have potential to be considered as a potent biocontrol agent with multiple plant growth-promoting properties. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the antifungal, IAA production and tomato growth enhancing compounds produced byP. lilacinumLPSC #876.
A Personalized Urban Multicriteria Shortest Path Stochastic Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Bowen Gong , Ciyun Lin
Published: November 2015

Drivers’ route choice behavior is usually personalized and multicriteria in practice. Therefore, the urban shortest path problem is the personalized urban multicriteria shortest path (PUMSP) problem. However, the solutions of the PUMSP problem are difficult to meet the drivers’ travel habits in the state of the art. To solve this problem, first, a new stochastic optimization algorithm based on the iterative calculation of a valid route set is proposed in this paper. The effective and reasonable path searching mechanism is designed based on drivers’ route choice habits. Then, the evaluation method of calculation results is given. The comparative experimental results with the genetic algorithm show that the proposed algorithm has reached better results in the evaluation parameters and computing time. The experimental results also demonstrate that it is meaningful to consider drivers’ travel law in the personalized urban multicriteria shortest path algorithm design for avoiding obtaining impractical routes solutions.
Bypassing Mechanisms of Mitochondria‐Mediated Cancer Stem Cells Resistance to Chemo‐ and Radiotherapy
Authors: Lyakhovich Alex , Lleonart Matilde E.
Published: November 2015

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are highly resistant to conventional chemo‐ and radiotherapeutic regimes. Therefore, the multiple drug resistance (MDR) of cancer is most likely due to the resistance of CSCs. Such resistance can be attributed to some bypassing pathways including detoxification mechanisms of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RO/NS) formation or enhanced autophagy. Unlike in normal cells, where RO/NS concentration is maintained at certain threshold required for signal transduction or immune response mechanisms, CSCs may develop alternative pathways to diminish RO/NS levels leading to cancer survival. In this minireview, we will focus on elaborated mechanisms developed by CSCs to attenuate high RO/NS levels. Gaining a better insight into the mechanisms of stem cell resistance to chemo‐ or radiotherapy may lead to new therapeutic targets thus serving for better anticancer strategies.
MGRO Recognition Algorithm-Based Artificial Potential Field for Mobile Robot Navigation
Authors: Pang Ming , Meng Zhankai , Zhang Wenbo , Ru Changhai
Published: November 2015

This paper describes a novel recognition algorithm which includes mean filter, Gaussian filter, Retinex enhancement method, and Ostu threshold segmentation method (MGRO) for the navigation of mobile robots with visual sensors. The approach includes obstacle visual recognition and navigation path planning. In the first part, a three-stage method for obstacle visual recognition is constructed. Stage 1 combines mean filtering and Gaussian filtering to remove random noise and Gauss noise in the environmental image. Stage 2 increases image contrast by using the Retinex enhancement method. Stage 3 uses the Ostu threshold segmentation method to achieve obstacle feature extraction. A navigation method based on the auxiliary visual information is constructed in the second part. The method is based on the artificial potential field (APF) method and is able to avoid falling into local minimum by changing the repulsion field function. Experimental results confirm that obstacle features can be extracted accurately and the mobile robot can avoid obstacles safely and arrive at target positions correctly.
Modulation of Tamoxifen Cytotoxicity by Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester in MCF‐7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Motawi Tarek K. , Abdelazim Samy A. , Darwish Hebatallah A. , Elbaz Eman M. , Shouman Samia A.
Published: November 2015

Although Tamoxifen (TAM) is one of the most widely used drugs in managing breast cancer, many women still relapse after long‐term therapy. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a polyphenolic compound present in many medicinal plants and in propolis. The present study examined the effect of CAPE on TAM cytotoxicity in MCF‐7 cells. MCF‐7 cells were treated with different concentrations of TAM and/or CAPE for 48 h. This novel combination exerted synergistic cytotoxic effects against MCF‐7 cells via induction of apoptotic machinery with activation of caspases and DNA fragmentation, along with downregulation of Bcl‐2 and Beclin 1 expression levels. However, the mammalian microtubule‐associated protein light chain LC 3‐II level was unchanged. Vascular endothelial growth factor level was also decreased, whereas levels of glutathione and nitric oxide were increased. In conclusion, CAPE augmented TAM cytotoxicity via multiple mechanisms, providing a novel therapeutic approach for breast cancer treatment that can overcome resistance and lower toxicity. This effect provides a rationale for further investigation of this combination.
Getting to NO Alzheimer’s Disease: Neuroprotection versus Neurotoxicity Mediated by Nitric Oxide
Authors: Balez Rachelle , Ooi Lezanne
Published: November 2015

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving the loss of neurons in the brain which leads to progressive memory loss and behavioral changes. To date, there are only limited medications for AD and no known cure. Nitric oxide (NO) has long been considered part of the neurotoxic insult caused by neuroinflammation in the Alzheimer’s brain. However, focusing on early developments, prior to the appearance of cognitive symptoms, is changing that perception. This has highlighted a compensatory, neuroprotective role for NO that protects synapses by increasing neuronal excitability. A potential mechanism for augmentation of excitability by NO is via modulation of voltage‐gated potassium channel activity (Kv7 and Kv2). Identification of the ionic mechanisms and signaling pathways that mediate this protection is an important next step for the field. Harnessing the protective role of NO and related signaling pathways could provide a therapeutic avenue that prevents synapse loss early in disease.
A Precise Lane Detection Algorithm Based on Top View Image Transformation and Least-Square Approaches
Authors: Dorj Byambaa , Lee Deok Jin
Published: November 2015

The next promising key issue of the automobile development is a self-driving technique. One of the challenges for intelligent self-driving includes a lane-detecting and lane-keeping capability for advanced driver assistance systems. This paper introduces an efficient and lane detection method designed based on top view image transformation that converts an image from a front view to a top view space. After the top view image transformation, a Hough transformation technique is integrated by using a parabolic model of a curved lane in order to estimate a parametric model of the lane in the top view space. The parameters of the parabolic model are estimated by utilizing a least-square approach. The experimental results show that the newly proposed lane detection method with the top view transformation is very effective in estimating a sharp and curved lane leading to a precise self-driving capability.
Human Amnion‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Influencing the ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Yuli , Jiang Fei , Liang Yi , Shen Ming , Chen Ning
Published: November 2015

Human amnion‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (HAMSCs) are considered to be an important resource in the field of tissue engineering because of their anti‐inflammatory properties and fewer ethical issues associated with their use compared with other sources of stem cells. HAMSCs can be obtained from human amniotic membranes, a readily available and abundant tissue. However, the potential of HAMSCs as seed cells for treating bone deficiency is unknown. In this study, HAMSCs were used to promote proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) in a Transwell coculture system. Proliferation levels were investigated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining of 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU). Osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization were evaluated in chromogenic alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity substrate assays, Alizarin red S staining, and RT‐PCR analysis of early HBMSCs osteogenic marker expression. We demonstrated that HAMSCs stimulated increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mRNA expression of osteogenic marker genes, and mineralized matrix deposition. Moreover, the effect of HAMSCs was significantly inhibited by U0126, a highly selective inhibitor of extracellular signaling‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling. We demonstrate that HAMSCs promote osteogenic differentiation in HBMSCs by influencing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. These observations confirm the potential of HAMSCs as a seed cell for the treatment of bone deficiency.
Role for Tetrahydrobiopterin in the Fetoplacental Endothelial Dysfunction in Maternal Supraphysiological Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Leiva Andrea , Fuenzalida Bárbara , Westermeier Francisco , Toledo Fernando , Salomón Carlos , Gutiérrez Jaime , Sanhueza Carlos , Pardo Fabián , Sobrevia Luis
Published: November 2015

Maternal physiological hypercholesterolemia occurs during pregnancy, ensuring normal fetal development. In some cases, the maternal plasma cholesterol level increases to above this physiological range, leading to maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia (MSPH). This condition results in endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in the fetal and placental vasculature. The fetal and placental endothelial dysfunction is related to alterations in the L‐arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway and the arginase/urea pathway and results in reduced NO production. The level of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a cofactor for endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), is reduced in nonpregnant women who have hypercholesterolemia, which favors the generation of the superoxide anion rather than NO (from eNOS), causing endothelial dysfunction. However, it is unknown whether MSPH is associated with changes in the level or metabolism of BH4; as a result, eNOS function is not well understood. This review summarizes the available information on the potential link between MSPH and BH4 in causing human fetoplacental vascular endothelial dysfunction, which may be crucial for understanding the deleterious effects of MSPH on fetal growth and development.
“I’m Managing My Diabetes between Two Worlds”: Beliefs and Experiences of Diabetes Management in British South Asians on Holiday in the East—A Qualitative Study
Authors: Patel Neesha R. , Kennedy Anne , Blickem Christian , Reeves David , Chew-Graham Carolyn
Published: November 2015

Background. Diabetes is disproportionately high among British South Asians compared to the general UK population. Whilst the migrant British South Asians group has received most attention on research related to diabetes management, little consideration has been given to impact of travel back to the East. This study aimed to explore the role of social networks and beliefs about diabetes in British South Asians, to better understand their management behaviours whilst holidaying in the East.Methods. Semistructured interviews were conducted in Greater Manchester. Forty-four participants were recruited using random and purposive sampling techniques. Interviews were analysed thematically using a constant comparison approach.Results. Migrant British South Asians expressed a strong preference to be in a hot climate; they felt they had a healthier lifestyle in the East and often altered or abandoned their diabetes medication. Information acquisition on diabetes and availability of social networks in the East was valued.Conclusion. Social networks in the East are a valued source of information and support for diabetes. The lack of adherence to medication whilst abroad suggests that some migrant British South Asians have a poor understanding of diabetes. Future research needs to explore whether patients are seeking professional advice on diabetes management prior to their extended holiday.
Effects of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Renal Expression of Renalase in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed With High Salt Diet
Authors: Wang Yang , Xie Bing-Qing , Gao Wei-Hua , Yan Ding-Yi , Zheng Wen-Ling , Lv Yong-Bo , Cao Yu-Meng , Hu Jia-Wen , Yuan Zu-Yi , Mu Jian-Jun
Published: November 2015

Background/Aims: The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of high-salt diet on the renal expression of renalase and the potential role of the local renin-angiotensin system in this process. Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into groups according to salt content in diet and drug treatment as follows: normal-salt diet (NS), high-salt diet (HS), high-salt intake with hydralazine (HS+H), high-salt diet with enalapril (HS+E), and high-salt diet with valsartan (HS+V). The dietary intervention and drugs were given for four weeks. Renin activity and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) levels were detected by real-time PCR. Renalase mRNA and protein were also measured. Results: After four weeks, systolic blood pressure and proteinuria were significantly increased in the HS group with respect to the NS group. Dietary salt intake caused a dramatic decrease in renalase expression in the rat kidneys. Renal cortex renin and AT1R increased significantly in the HS and HS+H groups. Urinary protein was positively correlated with renal renin and AT1R levels. However, in the HS+E and HS+V groups, enalapril and valsartan failed to influence renal renalase expression but abolished the increase in proteinuria, renal cortex renin, and AT1R levels with respect to the HS group. Conclusion: This study indicates that high salt intake reduces renal expression, and renal RAS may be not involved in the regulation of renalase in SD rats fed with high-salt diet.
Genome-Wide Microarray Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Eutopic Secretory Endometrium with Endometriosis
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Yan , Yang Zhuo , Liu Kuiran , Wang Danbo
Published: November 2015

Background/Aims: Dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can lead to the occurrence of various diseases; however, reports of the function of lncRNAs in endometriosis and related studies are scarce. The pathogenesis of endometriosis is still poorly understood. Methods: Dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs between eutopic and normal endometrium (both are late secretory) were analyzed by lncRNA microarray. Eight lncRNAs and mRNA CDK6 were validated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Bioinformatics prediction was used to investigate the potential function of these differentially expressed lncRNAs. Results: Microarray expression profiling suggests 1277 lncRNAs (488 up- and 789 down-regulated) and 1216 mRNAs (578 up- and 638 down-regulated) were expressed differentially between eutopic and normal endometrium. Pathway analysis and gene ontology (GO) analysis found differently expressed lncRNAs associated with the cell cycle and immune regulation. The relative level of expression of CDK6 and AC002454.1 were obtained by qRT-PCR and the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.747 (p<0.0001). A coding-noncoding gene co-expression (CNC) network was constructed for these validated lncRNAs. Conclusion: These dysregulated lncRNAs might provide information for new biomarkers or novel therapeutic targets of endometriosis. AC002454.1 might induce cell cycle disorder by regulating CDK6 to participate in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
Do Beliefs about the Pathogenetic Role of Amyloid Affect the Interpretation of Amyloid PET in the Clinic?
Authors: Boccardi Marina , Altomare Daniele , Ferrari Clarissa , Festari Cristina , Antelmi Luigi , Pievani Michela , Tarallo Anna , Muscio Cristina , Guerra Ugo P. , Paghera Barbara , Padovani Alessandro , Frisoni Giovanni B. ,   and the INDIA-FBP Working Group
Published: November 2015

Background: Beliefs of dementia experts about the pathogenic role of amyloid in Alzheimer's disease (AD) may affect the use of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET). Objective: To assess the role attributed to amyloid in AD pathogenesis by Italian dementia experts, and whether this modulates the impact of amyloid PET results in their diagnostic workup. Methods: 22 dementia experts rated their beliefs about the pathogenic role of amyloid. Then, we asked them to rate the probability of change in diagnosis based on the result of amyloid PET for 7 case vignettes, depicting patients who initially received a diagnosis based on a comprehensive workup and later received amyloid PET results consistent or inconsistent with the clinical picture. Results: 55% of the experts assigned a dominant role to amyloid, and 32% attributed a similar role to amyloid and tau in AD pathogenesis. The probability of change in diagnosis ranged from 17% (SD = 21.6) for cases with consistent to 51% (SD = 34) for cases with inconsistent PET versus clinical data. Diagnostic change was not biased by the clinicians' beliefs about AD pathogenesis. Conclusions: This work supports an unbiased interpretation of amyloid PET across different beliefs about the pathogenic role of amyloid, and a belief-independent reluctance to change diagnosis in cases where change is expected and recommended.
Ultraviolet Exposure and Protection Behavior in the General Population: A Structured Interview Survey
Authors: Antonov Dimitar , Hollunder Melanie , Schliemann Sibylle , Elsner Peter
Published: November 2015

Background: Exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a known and controllable risk factor for skin cancer. Objective: To study the UV exposure and protection behavior of the general population. Methods: Structured interview survey. Results: A random sample of 865 volunteers from the EDEN (European Dermato-Epidemiology Network) Fragrance Study cohort was recruited. The individual skin type did not influence the occupation or leisure. The proportion of people who regularly used sunscreens was lower in the oldest age groups, where the risk of skin cancer is highest. Women used sunscreens significantly more frequently than men did and were more likely to have their moles checked by a specialist. Conclusions: A demand for public information on the risk factors for skin cancer and the role of protection was demonstrated by our study. The subpopulation of aged men represents a relevant target group for educational public campaigns on skin cancer risk avoidance.
Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in Tuscany (Central Italy): A Study Based on Validated Administrative Data
Authors: Bezzini Daiana , Policardo Laura , Meucci Giuseppe , Ulivelli Monica , Bartalini Sabina , Profili Francesco , Battaglia Mario Alberto , Francesconi Paolo
Published: November 2015

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) epidemiology in Italy is mainly based on population-based prevalence studies. Administrative data are an additional source of information, when available, in prevalence studies of chronic diseases such as MS. The aim of our study is to update the prevalence rate of MS in Tuscany (central Italy) as at 2011 using a validated case-finding algorithm based on administrative data. Methods: The prevalence was calculated using an algorithm based on the following administrative data: hospital discharge records, drug-dispensing records, disease-specific exemptions from copayment to health care, home and residential long-term care and inhabitant registry. To test algorithm sensitivity, we used a true-positive reference cohort of MS patients from the Tuscan MS register. To test algorithm specificity, we used another cohort of individuals who were presumably not affected by MS. Results: As at December 31, 2011, we identified 6,890 cases (4,738 females and 2,152 males) with a prevalence of 187.9 per 100,000. The sensitivity of algorithm was 98% and the specificity was 99.99%. Conclusions: We found a prevalence higher than the rates present in literature. Our algorithm, based on administrative data, can accurately identify MS patients; moreover, the resulting cohort is suitable to monitor disease care pathways.
Organization and Chromosomal Distribution of Histone Genes and Transposable Rex Elements in the Genome of Astyanax bockmanni (Teleostei, Characiformes)
Authors: Daniel Sandro N. , Penitente Manolo , Silva Duílio M.Z.A. , Hashimoto Diogo T. , Ferreira Daniela C. , Foresti Fausto , Porto-Foresti Fábio
Published: November 2015

An important feature of eukaryotic organisms is the number of different repetitive DNA sequences in their genome, a feature not observed in prokaryotes. These sequences are considered to be important components for understanding evolutionary mechanisms and the karyotypic differentiation processes. Thus, we aimed to physically map the histone genes and transposable elements of the Rex family in 6 fish populations of Astyanax bockmanni. FISH results using a histone H1 gene probe showed fluorescent clusters in 2 chromosome pairs in all 6 samples analyzed. In contrast, FISH with a histone H3 probe showed conspicuous blocks in 4 chromosomes in 5 of the 6 populations analyzed. The sixth population revealed 7 chromosomes marked with this probe. Probes for the transposable elements Rex1 and Rex6 showed small sites dispersed on most chromosomes of the 6 populations, and the Rex3 element is located in a big block concentrated in only 1 acrocentric chromosome of 2 populations. As for the other populations, a Rex3 probe showed large blocks in more than 1 chromosome. Fish from Alambari and Campo Novo Stream have Rex3 elements dispersed along most of the chromosomes. Additionally, the conspicuous signals of Rex1, Rex3, and Rex6 were identified in the acrocentric B microchromosome of A. bockmanni found only in individuals of the Alambari River. Thus, we believe that different mechanisms drive the spread of repetitive sequences among the populations analyzed, which appear to be organized differently in the genome of A. bockmanni. The presence of transposable elements in the B chromosome also suggests that these sequences could play a role in the origin and maintenance of the supernumerary element in the genome of this species.
Dionísio da Trácia, Arte
Authors: Martinho Marcos
Published: November 2015

Tradução e notas :Marcos Martinho
Editorial
Authors: Martinho Marcos
Published: November 2015

Este número de Letras Clássicas é dedicado aos estudos da língua grega e da língua latina – não só aos estudos da gramática, mas aos estudos dos gramáticos gregos e latinos. A “Seção de artigos” compõe-se de ensaios acerca do gramático grego Apolônio Díscolo (a concepção de substância), do gramático Prisciano (a concepção de pessoa, as citações dos autores gregos) e de outros gramáticos latinos (a normatização do gênero), bem como de ensaios sobre a língua grega (teônimos e epítetos de Afrodite) e a língua latina (omissão do sujeito acusativo na oração infinitiva). Na “Seção de traduções” apresenta-se versão portuguesa de duas artes gramaticais basilares da tradição gramatical ocidental: a Arte de Dionísio da Trácia e a Arte menor de Donato. Na “Seção de notícias” oferece-se informação sobre pesquisas de doutorado e mestrado do PPG Letras Clássicas da FFLCH/USP e, na “Seção de resenhas”, recensão de livros da área de estudos clássicos.
O De ratione studii (ou Plano de estudos), de Erasmo de Rotterdam
Authors: Pinto Fabrina Magalhães
Published: November 2015

Este artigo investiga alguns dos princípios fundamentais da renovação pedagógica proposta pelo humanista holandês Erasmo de Rotterdam, sobretudo a partir da publicação, em 1511, do De ratione studii, um dos principais textos da Renascença a sintetizar os ideais humanistas, que por muito tempo influenciou a composição de diversos manuais educacionais. Premissas como a valorização da sapientia dos Antigos, o postulado da variatio e a liberdade criativa do aluno são questões fundamentais que perpassam a totalidade dos textos erasmianos dedicados à educação.
“A poetical dimension”: retórica e poesia em The Arcadian Rhetorike (1588), de Abraham Fraunce
Authors: Silvares Lavinia
Published: November 2015

Dentre as artes retóricas compostas na segunda metade do século XVI na inglaterra,The Arcadian Rhetorike (1588), de Abraham Fraunce (c.1559–c.1593), apresenta uma diferença marcante. Se as artes retóricas do período propunham via de regra a partição antiga da retórica em cinco partes, o tratado de Fraunce divide-a em apenas duas partes: Elocução e Pronunciação. Seguindo de perto a proposta de Pierre de La Ramée (ou Petrus Ramus), Fraunce introduz na inglaterra a divisão pela qual caberão somente à Lógica as partes da invenção e da disposição, e somente à Retórica as partes da elocução e da ação. Exemplificando tropos, figuras, voz e gestos com poemas em grego, latim, inglês, italiano, francês e espanhol – de Homero, Virgílio, Sidney, Spenser, Petrarca, Tasso, Du Bartas, Boscán e Garcilaso, entre outros – Fraunce expõe os mecanismos retóricos da formulação da poesia, tal qual se concebia em seu tempo. Neste artigo, proponho-me a (1) apresentar as características principais da retórica “arcádia” de Fraunce, analisando as circunstâncias históricas de sua composição; (2) examinar a relação que mantém com outras artes retóricas e poéticas; e (3) discutir a importância que teve para a escrita de poesia no âmbito letrado da corte inglesa.
Homer, from reception to composition
Authors: Graziosi Barbara
Published: November 2015

Esse artigo pretende contribuir com duas áreas dos estudos homéricos que raramente parecem entrar em um diálogo produtivo: crítica textual e estudos de recepção. Ele acessa três abordagens diferentes do texto de Homero: as edições da Ilíada e da Odisseia de H. van Thiel, a da Ilíada de Martin West para a Teubner e a abordagem multitextual de Gregory Nagy;  ao mesmo tempo, ele leva a sério a ênfase crescente na recepção nos estudos clássicos. Ao levar em conta variantes textuais, morfologia e sintaxe, esse artigo ilustra como o estudo de recepção pode contribuir para a constituição do texto e, vice-versa, como a história do texto homérico ilumina sua recepção mais ampla.
Horácio, Arte Poética, 1-100
Authors: Vieira Brunno Vinicius Gonçalves
Published: November 2015

Trata-se da tradução em dodecassílabos portugueses dos cem primeiros versos da Arte Poética horaciana.
Diálogo entre tradição direta e indireta: variantes da tradução latina da obra de Isaac de Nínive no Tractatus Pauperis de John Pecham
Authors: Cambraia César Nardelli
Published: November 2015

A reconstrução do trajeto seguido pela obra de Isaac de Nínive na sua difusão em língua latina apresenta diversos desafios, dada a sua grande amplitude geográfica e temporal. No presente trabalho, examinam-se as citações de Isaac de Nínive no Tractatus Pauperis de John Pecham, a fim de obter melhores evidências sobre a história de sua difusão em língua latina e de refletir sobre relação entre tradição direta e indireta no processo de elaboração de edições críticas.
Platão e Nietzsche: a trama dramática da metafísica
Authors: Benoit Hector
Published: November 2015

Neste artigo fazemos algumas reflexões sobre a história interpretativa dos Diálogos de Platão. Particularmente, procuramos mostrar que a crítica de Nietzsche a Platão, que segundo muitos autores aparece como a ruptura definitiva com a metafísica platônico-ocidental, seria apenas mais um momento de continuidade no interior da longa história do platonismo.
Teoria da harmonia em Platão
Authors: Rizek Ricardo
Published: November 2015

Estudam-se alguns casos da teoria da harmonia em Platão. Para tal, consideram-se a concepção e a terminologia musical que Platão, a um tempo só, recebe dos pitagóricos e, daí, lega a tantos quantos escreveram sobre música em grego, como Proclo, ou em latim, como Boécio. Assim, aponta-se, em Timeu 35a–36d, a analogia entre autó e média harmônica; héteron e média aritmética; a ousía intermediária e a média geométrica. Daí, o modo como a “essência” intermediária viabiliza a harmonização do “outro” com o “mesmo” compara-se ao modo como a média geométrica conjuga as outras médias numa série numérica cujos intervalos correspodem aos da escala musical pitagórica. Assim, das “partes” em que “deus” divide o “todo”, as que estão uma para outra assim como 4 para 3 correspondem à diatessáron ou 4ª justa [m. harmônica]; as que estão uma para outra assim como 3 para 2, à diapénte ou 5ª justa [m. aritmética]. A proporção de 256 para 243 desponta, então, como a razão correspondente ao leîmma, isto é, à díesis ou “semitom” pitagórico.
Em defesa de Crátilo
Authors: Rodrigues Antonio Medina
Published: November 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é tentar uma interpretação das idéias de Crátilo relativas à essência da linguagem, principalmente daquelas que se podem inferir das recusas de Crátilo às proposições de Sócrates.
O tratamento das paixões nas tragédias de Sêneca
Authors: Cardoso Zelia De Almeida
Published: November 2015

Como um dos principais divulgadores da doutrina estóica em Roma, Sêneca deu freqüentemente às tragédias um caráter parabólico, utilizando-as como exempla que ilustram as conseqüências do descontrole dos sentimentos e das paixões. Nesse procedimento está um dos traços da originalidade do teatrólogo e da especificidade de seus textos trágicos. Inspiradas nas obras gregas, as peças dramáticas senequianas exploram mitos bastante conhecidos, mas que se submetem agora a um tratamento novo, sendo substituído o papel do fatum, o destino, pelo do furor, a loucura trágica. Para Sêneca, as paixões não controladas são o principal fator para o desencadear da catástrofe.
Estoicismo e epicurismo em Roma
Authors: Novak Maria da Gloria
Published: November 2015

Todo homem quer ser feliz. Estoicismo e epicurismo, filosofias da natureza, filosofias morais, dão respostas à inquietação do homem que sonha com a serenidade da alma. Costuma-se opor epicurismo e estoicismo, pois suas verdades primordiais e suas regras de vida são diferentes. O primeiro procura a salvação da sociedade pela dependência do homem a uma Providência divina; o segundo, a liberdade do homem, tornando-o seu próprio senhor. Se o Deus estóico, Razão, criou e governa o mundo, os Deuses epicúrios, modelo – perfeito – do comportamento do sábio, não o criaram nem interferem nele.
O valor do tempo (Sêneca, Epístolas morais a Lucílio 1)
Authors: Braren Ingeborg
Published: November 2015

Tradução de SÊNECA, Epístolas morais a Lucílio, “Epístola 1” 
Por que Sêneca escreveu epístolas?
Authors: Braren Ingeborg
Published: November 2015

A epistolografia é considerada como um gênero particular da literatura. Presta-se aos mais diferentes desempenhos da linguagem escrita de acordo com as necessidades do homem em razão de sua característica específica: estabelecer comunicação entre pessoas ausentes, como uma das partes de um diálogo. Pode-se, no entanto, esquematizá-la. Sêneca serviu-se deste veículo em suas Epístolas Morais para apresentar os principais temas da filosofia estóica com o vigor de um discurso e de uma teoria renovados.
Sânscrito: caminhos poéticos em terrenos retóricos
Authors: Fonseca Carlos Alberto Da
Published: November 2015

Este artigo, ensejando uma perspectivação temporal da produção teórica indiana relativa à Poética, alinha alguns argumentos que procuram basear a compreensão de que a qualidade e o nível de aprofundamento alcançados paulatinamente por aquela produção e a quantidade de obras elaboradas ao longo do tempo podem ser vistas como sintomas de uma atitude de reafirmação da cultura tradicional e de resistência cultural e ideológica em face da chegada de muçulmanos e ocidentais na Índia a partir do séc. VII d.C.
Elementos retóricos nas polêmicas religiosas da Reforma: as epístolas de Miguel Servet
Authors: Sartorelli Eliane Cristine
Published: November 2015

Este artigo tem por objetivo comentar algumas características da retórica do século XVI, ilustradas por meio de citações extraídas de dois livros apensos à obra A Restituição do Cristianismo (Christianismi Restitutio), de 1553: as Trinta Epístolas a João Calvino, Pregador dos Genebrinos e a Apologia a Filipe Melanchthon e a seus colegas sobre o mistério da Trindade e sobre os costumes dos antigos. Seu autor, Miguel Servet (1511–1553), pertence ao movimento modernamente conhecido como Reforma Radical.
As Aves
Authors: Pompeu Ana Maria César
Published: November 2015

ARISTÓFANES. As Aves. Tradução, introdução, notas e glossário de Adriane da Silva Duarte. Edição bilíngüe. São Paulo: Hucitec, 2000. 265 p.
A oratória epidítica na Grécia antiga: o Evágoras de Isócrates
Authors: Fonseca Ísis Borge Belchior da
Published: November 2015

Neste artigo, rememoramos primeiramente o início da Retórica grega e sua divulgação pelos sofistas; em seguida, após ter mostrado Isócrates na qualidade de retor e de educador, abordamos por fim o tema principal: Isócrates, o homem político. Considerado como o maior representante do gênero epidítico, ele preocupa-se com a situação política da Grécia, como o comprovam alguns de seus discursos, particularmente o Evágoras, em que faz o elogio do rei de Chipre, ilha importante por sua posição estratégica, nas proximidades de regiões sob o domínio persa.
Epýllion: um gênero em questão
Authors: Rodrigues Junior Fernando
Published: November 2015

O presente trabalho pretende estudar a categoria genérica epýllion e demonstrar, por meio de suas características, tratar-se de uma nomenclatura criada no século XIX para enquadrar determinados poemas difíceis de serem classificados nas categorias já existentes.
Homero, Odisseia I
Authors: Torrano Jaa
Published: November 2015

Tradução do canto primeiro da Odisseia de Homero.
As Bacantes de Eurípides
Authors: Funari Pedro Paulo Abreu
Published: November 2015

Trajano VIEIRA. As Bacantes de Eurípides. Tradução. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2003. 200 p. ISBN 85-27306-79-4
A (im)piedade de Aquiles
Authors: Campos André Malta
Published: November 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar brevemente o vínculo existente, em Homero, entre as noções de piedade/religiosidade e pena/misericórdia, valendo-se da análise do comportamento de Aquiles na Ilíada, sobretudo no canto 24, e recorrendo a alguns apontamentos de Aristóteles em sua Retórica.
Enki e Prometeu: o herói de cultura no mito e pensamento da Mesopotâmia e da Grécia
Authors: Raaflaub Kurt Arnold
Published: November 2015

O artigo tem por objetivo examinar a relação entre Prome- teu e possíveis modelos mitólogicos da Ásia Ocidental, buscando reexaminar a sugestão de Stephanie West de que a personagem de Prome- teu, como trapaceiro e herói de cultura, foi apenas uma dentre muitas importações típicas do “período orientalizante” na Grécia arcaica.
Lamentações de Otávia (Pseudo-Sêneca, Otávia, passim)
Authors: Cardoso Zelia De Almeida
Published: November 2015

PSEUDO-SÊNECA, Otávia,1-33; 57-71; 86-98; 222-250; 899-926; 960-983. Tradução feita a partir do texto estabelecido por Léon Herrmann (SÉNÈQUE. Tragédies. PSEUDO-SÉNÈQUE. Octavie. 3e. tir. Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 1967). A tradução é parte da Pesquisa intitulada O drama histórico no mundo romano e seus desdobramentos,realizada com recursos oferecidos pelo CNPq, pelos quais reiteramos nossos agradecimentos.
Memoria y derecho en el teatro de Esquilo: la voz del coro en Coéforas
Authors: Gastaldi Viviana
Published: November 2015

As representações dramáticas, surgidas na Grécia cerca do fim do séc. VI a.C., confrontam dois aspectos: a realidade contemporânea e o passado mítico do herói e da cidade mesma. É exatamente nessa sorte de tensão entre passado e presente, entre o universo do mito e o da cidade, que se origina e desenvolve o conflito trágico. Dos dois elementos que ocupam a cena trágica: ator e coro, vamos deter-nos no último, que repõe na cena o tempo mítico, de modo que este ingresse no drama e provoque a tensão trágica.
Édipo: estratigrafias da memória heróica
Authors: Marshall Francisco
Published: November 2015

A partir do exame da dimensão histórica e memorialista do mito do herói, estuda-se os diversos níveis de representação histórica pre- sentes no mito de Édipo, conforme tratado por Sófocles. Além de explorar o tópico conceitual “mito do herói”, o artigo compara o imaginário herói- co entre as tragédias Édipo em Colono.
Editorial
Authors: Santos Marcos Martinho dos
Published: November 2015

Em que pese ao parecer de Tucídides, que distingue entre o antigo, que se ouve, e o contemporâneo, que se vê, é para perguntar se não haveria outro meio para distinguir entre a narração fabulosa dos poetas e a narração não fabulosa dele mesmo, ou ainda, entre o “mito” e a “história”. Na verdade, haverá confins bem definidos que demarquem cabalmente os lugares de um e de outra? Interessado em tais questões, o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras Clássicas do DLCV/FFLCH/ USP, primeiro, organizou e realizou em 2003 o colóquio “Mito e história no teatro greco-latino”. Agora, a partir da seleção de artigos produzidos por participantes do colóquio e por outros autores e também da seleção de traduções, notícias de pesquisa e resenhas, edita o presente número de Letras Clássicas.
Os caminhos “errantes” de Édipo, a sacralização do saber positivo, o mistério profano
Authors: Rosenfield Kathrin Holzermayr
Published: November 2015

Este artigo ilumina o novo lugar que a poesia de Sófocles reserva ao saber e à figura do adivinho. Realça os elementos que diminuem as conotações religiosas da intervenção de Tirésias em Édipo Rei. Mostra as técnicas com as quais o poeta sugere que o saber dos oráculos e o destino surgem de um limiar do “adivinhar” profano que envolve, como um halo, a produção do conhecimento positivo e as atitudes práticas da experiência humana.
Inscrições em moedas gregas: o período arcaico e clássico
Authors: Laky Lilian De Angelo
Published: November 2015

Este artigo busca apresentar o estudo das inscrições nas moe- das a partir das variedades encontradas nos tipos monetários de póleis do mundo grego pertencentes ao período arcaico e clássico. Discute-se a tra- dução e a interpretação das legendas, em relação à origem e à função da moeda como objeto de afirmação política e de identidade da pólis.
Temas orientais na origem da reflexão grega sobre a pólis
Authors: Lima Paulo Butti de
Published: November 2015

Este artigo examina algumas ocorrências da metáfora do “pastor de povos” em alguns autores gregos. É verdade que essa metáfora se lê já em Homero; porém, ocorre em autores médio-orientais, em parti- cular, na Bíblia e também num discurso do rei dos persas, Ciro, referido na Ciropedia de Xenofonte. Nesse passo, explica-se a metáfora, dizendo-se que, assim como o pastor faz os animais felizes, de modo a tirar proveito deles, assim também o rei faz os homens felizes. Platão, porém, ao retomar tal metáfora, revê o significado dela, de modo a duvidar de que o rei possa ser feliz. Além de Platão, Sócrates, Trasímaco e Aristóteles revêm o significado da mesma metáfora.
Editorial
Authors: Santos Marcos Martinho dos
Published: November 2015

A distinção entre os gêneros do discurso, em verso ou em prosa, é corrente entre autores gregos e latinos, seja poetas e oradores, seja comentadores destes. Aristóteles, por exemplo, já nos três primeiros capítulos da Poética, define três elementos (em que se imita, o que se imita, como se imita), por meio dos quais se possam distinguir uns dos outros os gêneros de imitação (pintura e escultura; poética, dança, aulética e citarística) e, daí, umas das outras as espécies do gênero poético (epopéia, tragédia, iambos, comédia).
A piedade imortal (Sófocles, Filoctetes 1402–44)
Authors: Santos Fernando Brandão dos
Published: November 2015

Tradução: Sófocles, Filoctetes, 1402-1444
Algumas questões sobre a parábase d’As Rãs
Authors: Duarte Adriane Da Silva
Published: November 2015

O exame da parábase d'As Rãs suscita duas interpretações diversas que buscam explicar as anomalias formais e vinculá-la às demais seções da peça. As questões lvantadas nesse estudo repercutem não só sobre a leitura final dessa comédia, mas também sobre o estatuto da parábase na obra de Aristófanes.
Typification of the Linnaean name Centaurea crocodylium (Asteraceae)
Authors: ALTINORDU FAHIM , FERRER-GALLEGO PEDRO PABLO
Published: November 2015

Centaurea crocodylium Linnaeus (1753: 919) is found in Mediterranean woodlands and shrublands, in Palestine, Jordan, Syria, Israel and Lebanon (see Greuter 2006 onwards), and is currently sometimes accepted under the illegitimate name Crocodylium syriacum Cass. in Cuvier (1819: 19, as Crocodilium syriacum) (see Garcia-Jacas et al. 2001; Font et al. 2002; Wang et al. 2013), the correct name for which is Crocodilium crocodylium (Linnaeus 1753: 919) Hill (1769: 63). This species is an annual plant with the simple, entire basal leaves and the upper leaves pinnatisect with 2–3 pairs of lateral segments and larger terminal segment with dentate margine, long-pedunculate capitula and bracts with hyaline appendages and ending in simple spines.
Bees of the genus Sphecodes Latreille 1804 of Siberia, with a key to species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)
Authors: ASTAFUROVA YULIA V. , PROSHCHALYKIN MAXIM YU.
Published: November 2015

Twenty-one species of the bee genus Sphecodes Latreille are recorded from Siberia. Sphecodes schwarzi Astafurova & Proshchalykin, sp. nov. is described from Tyva Republic and Mongolia (Dornod Aimag). Five species: Sphecodes alternatus Smith, 1853, S. reticulatus Thomson, 1870, S. rufiventris (Panzer, 1798), S. pinguiculus Pérez, 1903, and S. spinulosus Hagens, 1875 are newly recorded from the Asian part of Russia and seven species: S. ferruginatus Hagens, 1882, S. hyalinatus Hagens,1882, S. longulus Hagens, 1882, S. miniatus Hagens, 1882, S. nippon Meyer, 1922, S. puncticeps Thomson, 1870, and S. scabricollis Wesmael, 1835 are recorded for the first time from Siberia. Sphecodes angarensis Cockerell, 1937 is newly synonymized under S. gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758). Illustrated keys for males and females of all species from Siberia and neighbouring Mongolia are provided.