bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
J.R.R. Tolkien Goes to Law School
Authors: Benton Colin P.
Published: June 2020

This Article offers J.R.R. Tolkien’s classic stories, The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings Trilogy, as useful for Law and Literature scholarship because they have a large audience of all ages, who have either read them in books or seen them as movies. Their widespread popularity makes these stories an effective way to introduce and inspire many to the property law jurisprudence that permeates the texts. While Tolkien’s literature has not been traditionally utilized for Law and Literature purposes, there are several issues of property law jurisprudence that can be elucidated through Tolkien’s writings.

This Article begins by briefly assessing the debate regarding the efficacy of Law and Literature, proposes Tolkien’s literature as a legitimate means of stimulating an interest in property law jurisprudence, and concludes by exploring a variety of property law issues using Tolkien’s literature as the background material facts.
Robbing Peter and Blaming Paul
Authors: Walker Cooper M.
Published: June 2020

The Author’s purpose is to show the American community—and specifically the legal community—how and why Hockett’s proposal is not an ethically correct or appropriate solution for the underwater mortgage crisis. To achieve this end, the Author will give a detailed explanation of Professor Hockett’s proposal in Part II. Next, the Author will set forth Hockett’s explanation of what caused the underwater mortgage crisis in Part III. In Part IV the Author will provide his own belief on what the cause of the underwater mortgage crisis is. Then, after showing how Hockett does not assess the cause of the underwater mortgage crisis correctly, the Author will then show the reader how Hockett’s solution is not ethically appropriate in Part V. This Comment will evaluate the ethical resolve of Hockett’s solution using the legal philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas. However, the Author is confident that if the reader is willing to inspect Hockett’s solution against the facts of what created the underwater mortgage crisis, the reader will then develop an intuitive sense for why Hockett’s solution is neither ethically correct nor appropriate.
How to Remedy the Court's Unreasonable Expansion of the Public Use Doctrine
Authors: Walsh Brian
Published: June 2020

This Comment will deal with the evolution of the public use requirement in Part II. Part III deals with the unnecessary expansion of the definition of a public use. In Part IV I will argue why the courts should return to a public use definition in line with the intent of the Fifth Amendment as written by the founders.
Moral Obligation and Natural Capital Commons on Private Land
Authors: Hudson Blake
Published: June 2020

This Article makes a simple and hopefully straightforward attempt to demonstrate how Gerhart’s property theory fills the gaps in privatized commons resource theory. Part II describes in more detail privatized commons resource theory, while Part III discusses Gerhart’s theory both generally and more specifically in the context of natural resources management. This Part first analyzes Gerhart’s explicit grappling with the commons broadly, and more directly wrestles with how his theory lays a legal framework for addressing temporal commons and the interests of future generations in natural capital. Next, this Part discusses the role of positive public law in manifesting society’s moral choice regarding natural capital appropriation. Finally, this Part addresses the weaknesses of traditional law and economics analysis, as highlighted in both privatized commons resource theory and Gerhart’s theory, and how it does not adequately account for society’s interest in natural capital. Part IV concludes.
A national survey of nurses who care for people with intellectual and developmental disability
Authors: Wilson Nathan J , Collison James , Feighan Sarah J , Howie Virginia , Whitehead Lisa , Wiese Michele , O'Reilly Kate , Jaques Hayden , Lewis Peter
Published: June 2020

Objective: To describe the roles that Australian nurses play, the breadth of skills that they deploy, and the range of contexts in which they practice. Study design and methods: This cross-sectional study used a descriptive survey where data were collected online using Qualtrics©. Survey respondents were nurses whose primary role was caring for people with intellectual and developmental disability. In addition to demographic data, the main outcome measures were: nursing roles, practice and context. Results: Complete responses were collected from 101 nurses; 78 females and 22 males completed the survey, the majority of whom (n=70) were from New South Wales. The major focus of care was direct assessment and care, followed by supervision of support workers, education, and advocacy for people with intellectual and developmental disability. Physical healthcare was consistent across body systems, as it was for all adaptive behaviour domains. Support for mental illness was more likely to be for depression and anxiety. Nurses liaise with a multitude of health and social agencies as part of their nursing practice. Discussion: This is the first study to capture the roles, practice and contexts of these Australian nurses. Nurses caring for people with IDD play a variety of roles and engage in a vast array of practice related to the physical and social needs of people with intellectual and developmental disability across the whole of the lifespan and in multiple, disparate contexts. Conclusion: It is important for the ongoing care of people with intellectual and developmental disability that the value added by this nursing workforce not be overlooked as disability and health policies evolve.
Recognition for registered nurses supporting students on clinical placement: a grounded theory study
Authors: Anderson Carina , Moxham Lorna , Broadbent Marc
Published: June 2020

Objective: This study examined registered nurses’ perspectives of being supportive of nursing students and providing them with learning opportunities when on clinical placements. Background: In Australia, as part of their three-year Bachelors degree, undergraduate nursing students undertake a minimum of 800 hours of clinical placement. During these clinical placement hours, nursing students are supervised by registered nurses who are required to be supportive of the students and provide them with learning opportunities. Study design and methods: This study used a grounded theory approach. In this qualitative study there were fifteen registered nurse participants. Thirteen participants were female participants and two were male. Participants were individually interviewed. Transcripts from these in–depth interviews were analysed using constant comparative analysis. Results: The major category, an added extra, emerged from this study. An added extra is about registered nurses’ perception that having a student is an added extra to their daily duties. The major category an added extra is informed by three emergent themes. The first theme was time, the second theme was workload and the third theme was wanting recognition. Discussion: Registered nurses perceived that their workloads tend not to be taken into consideration when they have nursing students. The literature suggests that nursing students often miss out on learning opportunities when they are on clinical placement because registered nurses do not have additional time to effectively support students’ clinical learning. Conclusion: Participants in this study believed being supportive of nursing students and providing them with learning opportunities was an added extra to their daily nursing duties. Findings revealed registered nurses want to be recognised for the extra time and effort they dedicate to students’ learning.
EFESIENSI PEMUPUKAN NITROGEN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK TANAH SERTA HASIL TANAMAN KANGKUNG DARAT MELALUI APLIKASI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR KRINYU (Ipomea reptans poir)
Authors: Stefan Stefan Jaghu Renggi , Mutiara Charly
Published: June 2020

The problems faced are the use of inorganic fertilizers that damage the level of soil organic matter decreases, soil structure is damaged, and environmental pollution. This research utilizes liquid organic fertilizer, kirinyu because it has N elements which are high enough to provide yield of ground water spinach plants and soil physical properties.

                     This study aims to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer efficiency on soil physical properties and the effect of nitrogen fertilizer efficiency on land kale yield. The study was arranged based on 2 factors: the outcome variable using a randomized block design (RBD) and the variable saving of Soil Physical Properties.

               The results of statistical analysis show that the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization on the yield of ground water spinach plants has a very significant influence on yield variables which include fresh weight of land spinach tan-1 (g) and fresh weight of water spinach ha-1 (ton). The efficiency of nitrogen fertilization on the yield of ground water spinach plants has a very significant effect with an average increase in each treatment for fresh water spinach per plant by 27.97% and the fresh weight of water spinach per hekatar by 27.97%. The efficiency of nitrogen fertilization on the physical properties of the soil in kangkung cultivation in Lokoboko village has sandy clay soil texture, has a density value of contents ranging from 1.33 g / cm - 1.37 g / cm and soil porosity 45.46% - 50.22 %. The soil color is dominated by 10 YR 2/1 Black and 10 YR 2/2 Very Dark Brown, having soil temperatures ranging from 25,250C - 26,750C.
Processamento de imagem digital (PID) como meio de análise, documentação e monitorização da corrosão do aço de carbono aplicado na escultura de Gonçalo Jardim
Authors: Alvarez Ana Sofia , Linhares João , Bailão Ana
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo pretende dar a conhecer um método de monitorização não invasiva do processo de corrosão da escultura de aço de Gonçalo Jardim, através do sistema de processamento de imagem digital. Esta investigação teve como principal objetivo desenvolver um algoritmo que faça o tratamento da informação de várias funções locais da morfologia da corrosão, através da extração de parâmetros quantitativos da imagem que exprimam essa informação. Para este efeito foi calculado o valor médio absoluto da entropia das imagens, que avalia a evolução da morfologia da corrosão da obra a longo prazo, de modo a documentá-la e analisar se há manutenção ou aumento da corrosão com o decorrer do tempo e, neste último caso, em que proporção
Procesos de alteracion y conservacion de la escultura en vidrio
Authors: Villegas Maria Angeles , Durán Suárez Jorge Alberto
Published: June 2020

Se exponen los procesos y mecanismos de alteración química de la escultura en vidrio, debidos tanto a su composición química como al efecto de las condiciones ambientales de los medios donde se pueden encontrar o conservar dichas obras escultóricas. Asimismo, se explican los orígenes e interacciones de las alteraciones de origen mecánico, óptico y biológico. Se presentan los procedimientos actuales de conservación curativa (restauración) y preventiva de la escultura en vidrio, de acuerdo con los criterios de intervención actualmente aceptados. Finalmente se consideran los posibles casos de conservación en espacios interiores y exteriores con ejemplos de esculturas reales.
Electrochemical evaluation of the patina of the weathering steel sculpture Once Módulo
Authors: Crespo Ibañez Ana , Ramírez Barat Blanca , Díaz Ocaña Iván , Cano Emilio
Published: June 2020

Weathering steels (WS) have been widely used due to the protective rust formed on the surface of the bare metal exposed to the atmosphere. They have been studied attending to specifications and characteristics in engineering, but in cultural heritage the use of this material does not follow the same criteria and has different needs which must be addressed. Among them, the design and the location of the sculpture may have an impact on the rust formed and may not be as protective as it was supposed to be.  

This work presents the study of the weathering steel sculpture Once Módulo which shows areas with different exposure to rainwater and different surface heterogeneities. The results obtained by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) have shown that the protective ability of the rust depends on the previous differences and that design and location of the artwork play an important role for its conservation.
Androgini: Popularitas dan Eksistensi Bagi Remaja di Era Digital
Authors: Sitanggang Asima
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini mengangkat isu androgini yang merupakan salah satu klasifikasi individu dengan orientasi peran gender: maskulin, feminin, androgini, dan undifferentiated-berbeda dengan lesbian, gay, biseksual dan transgender (LGBT). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisa pengungkapan diri androgini di media sosial di mana identitas diri tidak hanya terbatas pada bagaimana seseorang mengungkapkan siapa dirinya, namun bergeser menjadi suatu upaya untuk mem”branding”kan diri, menjadi daya tarik atau daya jual seseorang dan sebagai cara berkomunikasi untuk tetap ada/ eksis/ survive. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian multiliterasi-dari sejumlah buku, jurnal, teks symbol dan berbekal pemikiran kritis dan kolaboratif, menyimpulkan bahwa fashion menjadi bahasa komunikasi androgini dan pengungkapan diri dari sosok yang tidak biasa adalah personal branding yang kuat. Hal itu menjadi pengaruh (influence) bagi orang-orang yang mengikutinya di mana pengaruh tersebut adalah kekuatan politis untuk menerima keberadaan androgini, mengubah pemikiran dan mempengaruhi orang lain-khususnya remaja di era informatika.
Equidad territorial en Medellín: espacio público, amenazas naturales y calidad del aire
Authors: Cárdenas María Fernanda , Escobar Jhon Fredy , Gutiérrez Katheryn
Published: June 2020

En las ciudades latinoamericanas usualmente los mayores niveles socioeconómicos se asocian con mejores condiciones de vida, configurando segregación socioespacial. Este ejercicio evaluó la equidad territorial en la zona urbana de Medellín (Antioquia, Colombia), a escala de barrio, usando un índice de correlación espacial y gráficos de dispersión univariados y bivariados. Las variables usadas fueron espacio público, amenazas naturales y calidad del aire, que se relacionaron con el nivel socioeconómico prevalente de la población. Se encontró que en la ciudad de Medellín la distribución espacial de las variables evaluadas no se correlaciona con las condiciones socioeconómicas, tanto en aquellas deseables como espacio público, lo cual es producto de intervenciones recientes orientadas a equilibrar su distribución territorial; al igual que en las variables de polución y amenazas naturales que implican importantes retos de gestión y manejo territorial en toda la ciudad.
Modern Monetary Theory and the Public Purpose
Authors: Ehnts Dirk H. ,   Samuel Pufendorf-Gesellschaft für politische Ökonomie e.V./ Pluralism in Economics Maastricht
Published: June 2020

This paper investigates how the concept of public purpose is used in Modern Monetary Theory (MMT). As a common denominator among political scientists, the idea of public purpose is that economic actions should aim at benefiting the majority of the society. However, the concept is to be considered as an ideal of a vague nature, which is highly dependent on societal context and, hence, subject to change over time. MMT stresses that government spending plans should be designed to pursue a certain socio-economic mandate and not to meet any particular financial outcome. The concept of public purpose is heavily used in this theoretical body of thought and often referred to in the context of policy proposals as the ideas of universal job guarantee and banking reform proposals show. MMT scholars use the concept as a pragmatic benchmark against which policies can be assessed. With regards to the definition of public purpose, MMT scholars agree that it is dependent on the socio-cultural context. Nevertheless, MMT scholars view universal access to material means of survival as universally applicable and in that sense as the lowest possible common denominator.
Principals’ Learning Resources Managerial Practices for Implementing Entrepreneurship Studies in Public and Private Secondary School in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Uzoamaka Emegwa Tina Uzoamaka
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to ascertain principals’ learning resources managerial practices for the implementation of entrepreneurship studies in public and private secondary school in Anambra State. One research question and one hypothesis guided the study. This study was conducted in public and private secondary school in Anambra State. The descriptive survey research design was adopted for this study. The population for this study is 16,727 respondents made up of 481 principals and 9,697 teachers from the 481 private secondary schools and 256 principals and 6,293 teachers from the 256 public secondary schools in Anambra state. The sample size for this study is 1,332 respondents drawn from public and private secondary schools in Anambra state. The multi-stage sampling technique was utilized to arrive at the sample size. The first stage involved randomly drawing three education zones out of the six education zones in Anambra state. Accordingly, Aguata, Awka, and Nnewi zones were drawn using simple random sampling technique balloting with replacement. The second stage involved the use of proportionate stratified sampling technique to draw 74 secondary schools from the three education zones, consisting of 26 public and 48 private secondary schools. Each zone was regarded as a stratum. From each stratum, 10% of principals and teachers were sampled from the public and private secondary schools in the stratum. Researcher-developed instrument was the instrument for data collection. The validity of the instrument was determined using three lecturers. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined using respondents from Enugu State
Refining the Census of the Upper Scorpius Association with Gaia*
Authors: Luhman K. L. , Esplin T. L.
Published: June 2020

We have refined the census of stars and brown dwarfs in the Upper Sco association (∼10 Myr, ∼145 pc) by (1) updating the selection of candidate members from our previous survey to include the high-precision astrometry from the second data release of Gaia, (2) obtaining spectra of a few hundred candidate members to measure their spectral types and verify their youth, and (3) assessing the membership (largely with Gaia astrometry) of 2020 stars toward Upper Sco that show evidence of youth in this work and previous studies. We arrive at a catalog of 1761 objects that are adopted as members of Upper Sco. The distribution of spectral types among the adopted members is similar to those in other nearby star-forming regions, indicating a similar initial mass function. In previous studies, we have compiled mid-infrared photometry from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and the Spitzer Space Telescope for members of Upper Sco and used those data to identify the stars that show evidence of circumstellar disks; we present the same analysis for our new catalog of members. As in earlier work, we find that the fraction of members with disks increases with lower stellar masses, ranging from ≲10% for >1 M
⊙ to ∼22% for 0.01–0.3 M
⊙. Finally, we have estimated the relative ages of Upper Sco and other young associations using their sequences of low-mass stars in

versus G
BP − G
RP. This comparison indicates that Upper Sco is a factor of two younger than the β Pic association (21–24 Myr) according to both nonmagnetic and magnetic evolutionary models.
OSSOS XX: The Meaning of Kuiper Belt Colors
Authors: Nesvorný David , Vokrouhlický David , Alexandersen Mike , Bannister Michele T. , Buchanan Laura E. , Chen Ying-Tung , Gladman Brett J. , Gwyn Stephen D. J. , Kavelaars J. J. , Petit Jean-Marc , Schwamb Megan E. , Volk Kathryn
Published: June 2020

Observations show that 100 km class Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) can be divided into (at least) two color groups, red (R; g − i < 1.2) and very red (VR; g − i > 1.2), reflecting a difference in their surface composition. This is thought to imply that KBOs formed over a relatively wide range of radial distance, r. The cold classicals at 42 au < r < 47 au are predominantly VR, and known Neptune Trojans at r ≃ 30 au are mostly R. Intriguingly, however, the dynamically hot KBOs show a mix of R and VR colors and no correlation of color with r. Here we perform migration/instability simulations where the Kuiper Belt is populated from an extended planetesimal disk. We find that the color observations can be best understood if R objects formed at r < r* and VR objects at r > r*, with 30 au < r* < 40 au. The proposed transition at 30 au < r* < 40 au would explain why the VR objects in the dynamically hot population have smaller orbital inclinations than the R objects, because the orbital excitation from Neptune weakens for orbits starting beyond 30 au. Possible causes of the R–VR color bimodality are discussed.
Gravitational-wave Memory from a Propagating Relativistic Jet: A Probe of the Interior of Gamma-Ray Burst Progenitors
Authors: Yu Yun-Wei
Published: June 2020

It is believed that the relativistic jets of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) should initially propagate through a heavy envelope of the massive progenitor stars or through merger ejecta formed from compact binary mergers. The interaction of a jet with a stellar envelope or merger ejecta can lead to the deceleration of the head material of the jet and simultaneously the formation of a hot cocoon. However, this jet-envelope/ejecta interaction is actually undetectable with electromagnetic radiation and can only be inferred indirectly by the structure of the breakout jet. Therefore, as a solution to this phenomenon, we suggest the jet-envelope/ejecta interaction can produce a gravitational-wave (GW) memory of an amplitude of

, which could be detected with some future GW detectors sensitive in the frequency range from sub-Hertz to several tens of Hertz. This provides a potential direct way to probe the jet propagation and then the interior of the GRB progenitors.
Cosmological Information from the Small-scale Redshift-space Distortion
Authors: Tonegawa Motonari , Park Changbom , Zheng Yi , Park 박현 Hyunbae 배 , Hong 홍성 Sungwook E. 욱 , Hwang Ho Seong , Kim 김주 Juhan 한
Published: June 2020

The redshift-space distortion (RSD) in the observed distribution of galaxies is known as a powerful probe of cosmology. Observations of large-scale RSD, caused by the coherent gravitational infall of galaxies, have given tight constraints on the linear growth rate of the large-scale structures in the universe. On the other hand, the small-scale RSD, caused by galaxy–random motions inside clusters, has not been much used in cosmology, but it also has cosmological information because universes with different cosmological parameters have different halo mass functions and virialized velocities. We focus on the projected correlation function w(r

p
) and the multipole moments ξ

l
on small scales (1.4–30 h
−1 Mpc). Using simulated galaxy samples generated from a physically motivated most bound particle (MBP)–galaxy correspondence scheme in the Multiverse Simulation, we examine the dependence of the small-scale RSD on the cosmological matter density parameter Ω
m
; the satellite velocity bias with respect to MBPs,

; and the merger timescale parameter α. We find that α = 1.5 gives an excellent fit to the w(r

p
) and ξ

l
measured from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey–Korea Institute for Advanced Study value-added galaxy catalog. We also define the “strength” of the Fingers of God as the ratio of the parallel and perpendicular size of the contour in the two-point correlation function set by a specific threshold value and show that the strength parameter helps constrain

by breaking the degeneracy among them. The resulting parameter values from all measurements are

, indicating a slight reduction of satellite galaxy velocity relative to the MBP. However, considering that the average MBP speed inside halos is 0.94 times the dark matter velocity dispersion, the main drivers behind the galaxy velocity bias are gravitational interactions, rather than baryonic effects.
Neutral Cr and V in the Atmosphere of Ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121 b
Authors: Ben-Yami Maya , Madhusudhan Nikku , Cabot Samuel H. C. , Constantinou Savvas , Piette Anjali , Gandhi Siddharth , Welbanks Luis
Published: June 2020

Ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs), giant exoplanets with equilibrium temperatures above 2000 K, are ideal laboratories for studying metal compositions of planetary atmospheres. At these temperatures the thermal dissociation of metal-rich molecules into their constituent elements makes these atmospheres conducive for elemental characterization. Several elements, mostly ionized metals, have been detected in UHJs recently using high-resolution transit spectroscopy. Even though a number of neutral transition metals (e.g., Fe, Ti, V, Cr) are expected to be strong sources of optical/near-ultraviolet (NUV) opacity and, hence, influence radiative processes in the lower atmospheres of UHJs, only Fe i has been detected to date. We conduct a systematic search for atomic species in the UHJ WASP-121 b. Using theoretical models we present a metric to predict the atomic species likely to be detectable in such planets with high-resolution transmission spectroscopy. We search for the predicted species in observations of WASP-121 b and report the first detections of neutral transition metals Cr i and V i in an exoplanet at 3.6σ and 4.5σ significance, respectively. We confirm previous detections of Fe i and Fe ii. Whereas Fe ii was detected previously in the NUV, we detect it in the optical. We infer that the neutral elements Fe i, V i, and Cr i are present in the lower atmosphere, as predicted by thermochemical equilibrium, while Fe ii is a result of photoionization in the upper atmosphere. Our study highlights the rich chemical diversity of UHJs.
Being Careful with the Field Formation Interpretation of GW190412
Authors: Safarzadeh Mohammadtaher , Hotokezaka Kenta
Published: June 2020

The LIGO/Virgo Scientific Collaboration recently announced the detection of a compact object binary merger, GW190412, as the first asymmetric binary black hole (BBH) merger with mass ratio q ≈ 0.25. Other than the mass ratio, this BBH has been shown to have a positive effective spin of around χ
eff ≈ 0.28. Assuming a field formation channel, associating this effective spin to either the primary or the secondary black hole (BH) each have implications: if the spin of the BBH comes from the primary BH, it has consequences for the efficiency of angular momentum transport in the formation of the BH. If, on the other hand, the spin is due to the secondary BH through tidal spin-up processes, it should be noted that (i) such processes have very short delay times, and (ii) subsequently, their local merger rate is determined by local star formation rate at the assumed formation metallicity of the BBH. We show that the predicted merger rate density from this channel is

, and is in tension with the rather high local merger rate of such systems, which we estimate from this single event to be

(90% confidence interval, and assuming 50 days of observing time). Large natal kicks (v ≳ 500 km s−1) would be required to get such an BBHs with an in-plane spin component to account for the marginal detection of precession in GW190412. However, this would only exacerbate the tension as the estimated local merger rate would be further decreased. Similarly, the formation of such systems through the dynamical assembly is exceedingly rare; consequently, it is difficult to account for this system with the currently accepted paradigms of BBH formation.
Comparison of Enhanced Absorption in He i 10830 Å in Observations and Modeling during the Early Phase of a Solar Flare
Authors: Huang Nengyi , Sadykov Viacheslav M. , Xu Yan , Jing Ju , Wang Haimin
Published: June 2020

The He i 10830 Å triplet is a very informative indicator of chromospheric activities as the helium is the second most abundant element in the solar atmosphere. Taking advantage of the high resolution of the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory, previous observations have shown clear evidence of the enhanced absorption, instead of typically observed emission, for two M-class flares. In this study, we analyze the evolution of the He i 10830 Å emission in numerical models and compare it with observations. The models represent the RADYN simulation results obtained from the F-CHROMA database. We consider the models with the injected electron spectra parameters close to observational estimates for the 2013 August 17 flare event (δ = 8,

,

) in detail, as well as other available models. The modeling results agree well with observations, in the sense of both the maximum intensity decrease (−17.1%, compared with the observed value of −13.7%) and the trend of temporal variation (initial absorption phase followed by the emission). All models demonstrate the increased number densities and decreased ratio of the upper and lower level populations of the He i 10830 Å transition in the initial phase, which enhances the opacity and forms an absorption feature. Models suggest that the temperatures and free electron densities at heights of 1.3–1.5 Mm should be larger than ∼104 K and 6 ×  1011 cm−3 thresholds for the line to start being in emission.
Two new morphologically interesting species of the genus Ephedrus Haliday (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae)
Authors: Tomanović Željko , Petrović Andjeljko , Kocić Korana , Čkrkić Jelisaveta , Žikić Vladimir
Published: June 2020

Here we describe two new Ephedrus species from the Biologiezentrum Linz´s collection: Ephedrus antennalissp. nov., which possesses 12-segmented antennae, a unique character within the genus Ephedrus; and E. carinatussp. nov., which represents an additional member of the root aphid parasitoid group within the genus Ephedrus.
Revisiting the host use and phylogeny of Colastomion Baker (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae), with a new host record from Japan
Authors: Sakagami Kota , Shimizu So , Fujie Shunpei , Maeto Kaoru
Published: June 2020

We report the solitary parasitism by Colastomion formosanum (Watanabe) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae) on the larva of Nevrina procopia (Stoll) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) feeding on Turpinia ternata Nakai (Staphyleaceae) in Amami Ôshima Is., Japan. This is the first host record for the genus Colastomion Baker outside of Papua New Guinea. We have also inferred the phylogenetic relationships of Colastomion species using Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches, based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 gene. The results indicate two major clades–solitary and gregarious parasitoids–within Colastomion. Colastomion formosanum belongs to the clade of solitary parasitoids that specifically parasitize the crambid subfamily Spilomelinae. Plant-host-parasitoid associations and the evolutionary scenario of the host use of Colastomion are discussed.
Pseudonannolene canastra sp. nov. (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida) – a new troglobitic millipede from the southwestern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Gallo Jéssica Scaglione , Bichuette Maria Elina
Published: June 2020

Pseudonannoleneis a neotropical genus of millipedes distributed in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Bolivia. Generally, species ofPseudonannoleneare considered troglophilic,i.e., they can establish a source population in both subterranean and superficial habitats. Among the 60 species known, 49 are found in Brazil; out of these, 25 occur in caves but only three are considered troglobitic (source population exclusively subterranean). This study aims to describe the fourth troglobitic species ofPseudonannolenefrom Brazil, and the first one from the region of Serra da Canastra, in the southeastern part of Brazil.
La formation en psychologie
Authors: Schneider Benoît
Published: June 2020

Nous présentons les caractéristiques principales du modèle de formation universitaire à la profession de psychologue en France, et les problèmes posés par ce modèle (nombre d’étudiants, difficultés d’insertion professionnelle, conséquences sur la reconnaissance de la profession). Nous formulons, ensuite, quelques hypothèses, tant pour rendre compte des difficultés liées au changement que pour repérer des facteurs d’évolution potentiels.
La validation des acquis de l’expérience en psychologie : des enjeux aux propositions
Authors: Jeoffrion Christine , Clarys David , Voisin Dimitri , Abrivat Elisabeth , Ernd Aline
Published: June 2020

Cet article rend compte du symposium organisé par la commission pédagogique de l’Association des enseignants-chercheurs en psychologie des universités (AEPU), lors des « Deuxièmes entretiens » organisés par la Fédération française des psychologues et de psychologie (FFPP), en novembre 2006. Il traite de la mise en place de la validation des acquis de l’expérience (VAE) en psychologie. La première partie en présente le cadre général et les enjeux particuliers en psychologie. La deuxième partie expose quelques difficultés concrètes à partir d’une illustration à l’université de Tours. La troisième partie présente un résumé du rapport sur la VAE en psychologie, co-signé par l’AEPU, la FFPP, la Société française de psychologie et le Syndicat national des psychologues, ainsi que les travaux en cours sur le Master. On retiendra la nécessité d’une harmonisation des pratiques et des décisions, au sein des universités, pour éviter une dévalorisation des diplômes de psychologie.
Réglementation du titre de psychothérapeute : analyse d’une imposture
Authors: Grosbois Philippe
Published: June 2020

À partir d’une proposition de loi du député Bernard Accoyer en 1999, après de nombreux débats, les parlementaires ont finalement adopté un article de loi relatif à l’usage du titre de psychothérapeute. Plusieurs réunions de concertation, au ministère de la Santé, ont eu lieu à propos du contenu du futur décret d’application de cette loi, sans aboutir, pour autant, à un consensus, car les intérêts en jeu au niveau des acteurs concernés sont contradictoires : d’une part, deux professions réglementées, les psychologues et les médecins, d’autre part, deux types d’activité non réglementées, les psychanalystes et les « psychothérapeutes » non-médecins et non-psychologues. Ces derniers revendiquent la création d’une nouvelle profession indépendante de « psychothérapeute », et contestent la nécessité d’une formation universitaire de base, soutenus par une minorité des sociétés de psychanalyse. Les divergences portent donc, essentiellement, sur la différence d’appréciation des critères de formation en psychopathologie exigés par la loi, certaines organisations contestant que cette formation soit le monopole des universités. Une autre ambiguïté porte sur le fait que la loi fait l’impasse sur la formation à la psychothérapie proprement dite, le Sénat ayant opté pour l’exigence minimale d’une formation en psychopathologie. Le présent article a pour objet de revenir sur les stratégies des acteurs qui se sont mobilisés lors des versions successives de cette proposition de loi, et de proposer quelques repères quant aux positions idéologiques soustendues par ces stratégies.
Découvrir la dynamique de l’expérience vécue
Authors: Petitmengin Claire
Published: June 2020

Contrairement à une croyance largement répandue, l’accès à la conscience de sa propre expérience subjective n’est ni immédiat ni facile, mais suppose une véritable expertise qui s’apprend. Un tel entraînement permet de découvrir que l’expérience vécue, associée à la réalisation d’un processus cognitif donné, loin d’être un brouillon, possède une structure dynamique très précise : elle est constituée d’une succession déterminée de sensations et d’opérations, qui restent habituellement pré-réfléchies. Par les possibilités de transformation qu’elle ouvre, la prise de conscience de cette micro-dynamique crée des perspectives inattendues dans les domaines médical, thérapeutique et existentiel. Mais surtout, parce qu’elle permet de guider et d’affiner les analyses neurophysiologiques, cette prise de conscience annonce la levée d’un interdit : celui qui excluait jusqu’à présent l’expérience vécue du champ de l’investigation scientifique.
Les migrations pour études au prisme des mobilités sociales
Authors: Jamid Hicham , Kabbanji Lama , Levatino Antonina , Mary Kevin
Published: June 2020

Les migrations étudiantes se déploient aujourd’hui selon des modalités liées aux dynamiques récentes de la mondialisation néolibérale, au développement d’un marché du travail toujours plus tertiarisé et à la place qu’y tiennent désormais les étrangers. Les étudiants internationaux, dans ce qui est devenu un marché très stratifié et relativement complexe de l’enseignement supérieur mondial, forment néanmoins une population socialement hétérogène. En remettant la classe sociale au centre de l’analyse, ce dossier vise à rendre compte de la diversité de leurs trajectoires et de repenser l’articulation entre les études supérieures, la mobilité géographique et la mobilité sociale. En s’inscrivant dans le cadre des réflexions menées depuis 2016 par le collectif de chercheurs MobElites, il a pour objectif de montrer comment et jusqu’à quel point les migrations pour études peuvent générer, ou non, une mobilité sociale et, à un autre niveau, reproduire ou engendrer de nouvelles inégalités pendant, mais aussi après les études. Ce faisant, ce dossier interroge les inégalités liées à la globalisation, en multipliant les approches disciplinaires et théoriques, et à travers des terrains et des méthodologies variés.
Intersectionnalité : le nom d’un problème
Authors: Jaunait Alexandre
Published: June 2020

Formulé par Kimberlé Crenshaw à la fin des années 1980 dans le sillage du Black feminism états-unien, le concept d’intersectionnalité a été multiplement réapproprié au gré de sa circulation internationale depuis lors, participant du renouvellement de l’analyse sociologique de la domination. Si cette notion reste toujours fortement critiquée, elle n’en demeure pas moins incontournable, permettant d’interroger à nouveaux frais les frontières entre le politique et le sociologique.
Temps, famille, discriminations professionnelles
Authors: Grésy Brigitte
Published: June 2020

La prise en compte de l’exercice de la parentalité n’est toujours pas à l’agenda dans les entreprises. Les pères en sont dissuadés tandis que les mères sont sanctionnées. Et le double déplacement n’a pas eu lieu : les femmes sont allées en masse dans le monde du travail mais les hommes n’ont pas investi la sphère privée, et la norme est encore une priorisation professionnelle masculine. Les chiffres sont là pour montrer cet inégal partage des responsabilités familiales et domestiques. Or c’est là la cause essentielle des inégalités structurelles entre les femmes et les hommes, et du sexisme qui leur est associé. Pour remédier à ces problèmes, il faut jouer sur le temps et sur l’implication des pères dans la parentalité tout au long de la vie, en allongeant le congé de paternité et en créant un nouveau droit individuel à la parentalité, pour prendre en compte non seulement les enfants mais aussi les proches avec lesquels les salarié.e.s sont en relation d’interdépendance.
« J’ai perdu une partie de moi-même ». Résonance douloureuse d’un cas d’algodystrophie
Authors: Lorriot Simon
Published: June 2020

L’approche psychanalytique dans un service de médecine permet d’accueillir la parole du sujet qui souffre dans son corps. Cette clinique du récit est le pari clinique tenu, à l’heure où la technique et les méthodes d’évaluation ont envahi l’hôpital et les structures de soins. Cet article témoigne du cheminement d’une femme atteinte d’algies chroniques s’inscrivant dans le cadre d’une algodystrophie, survenue dans un contexte multitraumatique. Nous interrogerons les interactions entre douleur et traumatisme, ce qui révélera un deuil enkysté. Cet enchevêtrement illustre la nécessité de décaler le phénomène de la douleur de sa seule organicité, pour laisser une place à ses résonances signifiantes. La douleur devient alors la douleur du particulier, celle du sujet, ce qui n’est pas sans effets psychothérapeutiques.
Imbroglio institutionnel – isomorphisme ; prendre le temps de les chercher
Authors: Maisin Antoine , Denis Jennifer , Meynckens-Fourez Muriel
Published: June 2020

Au travers d’une situation clinique prise en charge par une « équipe mobile » qui fut mise en place en Belgique par décision politique, comme alternative à l’hospitalisation psychiatrique de longue durée, l’article met en évidence l’isomorphisme entre la situation institutionnelle et la situation familiale. Les auteurs décrivent comment, sans le vouloir, des enjeux relationnels entre deux équipes peuvent reproduire des impasses et de la souffrance chez le patient. Ils indiquent aussi comment ces impasses s’apparentent aux « jeux psychotiques dans les familles », comme M. Selvini-Palazzoli et ses collaborateurs l’ont si bien décrit.
Using 360° Video to Enable Affective Learning in Nursing Education
Authors: Donnelly Frank , McLiesh Paul , Bessell Sally-Anne
Published: June 2020

Background:

The affective domain describes learning associated with feelings, values, and emotions. Although this domain was first described in the late 1960s, a significant emphasis on skills and knowledge still remains. This prominence is evident despite global concerns about standards of practice and the place for empathy and care in nursing education. The emergence of newer technologies, such as 360° video, provides an opportunity to revisit the design and delivery of affective learning.

Method:

Using the taxonomy of the affective domain, a 360° video viewed through a virtual reality headset was developed to give nursing and medical students insight on the patient experience and an orientation to the operating room.

Results:

Careful planning and consideration of how the affective domain can inform design of learning and teaching materials resulted in an engaging and informative learning experience. Being aware of how each level of the domain informs the next is essential to develop effective affective teaching plans.

Conclusion:

Affective learning traditionally has been difficult to deliver and assess. Technology such as 360° video provides an engaging, reproducible, and consistent platform for delivering a domain of education.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(7):409–412.]
The Role of Edmodo Model for Professional Development: The Uses of Blockchain in School Management
Authors: Altinay Fahriye , Beyatli Ozge , Dagli Gokmen , Altinay Zehra
Published: June 2020

Schools are social agents to diffuse merits of technology. The uses of technology foster professional development. Schools have started to make tendencies towards digitalization. Especially learning and teaching contexts become technology supported. In this respect, school infrastructure and learning resources have changed. Teachers play a great role to adopt new changes in learning teaching process to the new generation. This makes innovation in schools to use new technologies and applications for better education practices. This research study aims to create awareness on Edmodo model to teachers and develop their skills on new learning contents for establishing more digitalized school at the secondary education level and analyze the uses of blockchain in school management. The research study was conducted with 21 volunteer teachers working at the secondary level that they get training on the use of Edmodo Content Management System. Case study through action research was done in this research study that self-report was used to gain experiences of teachers. By this way, educational online environment was created for teachers for the uses of learning-teaching process. Research results revealed that teachers enhance their skills and knowledge about the use of the Edmodo content management system increased compared to the pre-seminar. In addition, they gained online collaboration and research skills. This practice created the culture of technology based innovation for their schools.
A Dynamic Model for Quality of Service Evaluation of Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Farid Farnaz , Shahrestani Seyed , Ruan Chun
Published: June 2020

The quality of service (QoS) evaluation of heterogeneous networks is an interesting area of research. The traditional QoS evaluation methods usually use a set of network-centric parameters for the performance evaluation of these networks. As a result, using such methods it is not possible to report a comprehensive performance review of networks that would include diverse applications and technologies. To resolve this issue, in this research, a novel approach has been proposed that applies dynamic significance weights and unified metrics of the QoS-related parameters to various applications and technologies present within a heterogeneous network. The result analysis shows that by applying this methodical approach, the performance evaluation of heterogeneous networks can be carried out systematically and efficiently.
Detection of Virtual Private Network Traffic Using Machine Learning
Authors: Miller Shane , Curran Kevin , Lunney Tom
Published: June 2020

The detection of unauthorized users can be problematic for techniques that are available at present if the nefarious actors are using identity hiding tools such as anonymising proxies or virtual private networks (VPNs). This work presents computational models to address the limitations currently experienced in detecting VPN traffic. A model to detect usage of VPNs was developed using a multi-layered perceptron neural network that was trained using flow statistics data found in the transmission control protocol (TCP) header of captured network packets. Validation testing showed that the presented models are capable of classifying network traffic in a binary manner as direct (originating directly from a user's own device) or indirect (makes use of identity and location hiding features of VPNs) with high degrees of accuracy. The experiments conducted to classify OpenVPN usage found that the neural network was able to correctly identify the VPN traffic with an overall accuracy of 93.71%. The further work done to classify Stunnel OpenVPN usage found that the Neural Network was able to correctly identify VPN traffic with an overall accuracy of 97.82% accuracy when using 10-fold cross validation. This final experiment also provided an observation of 3 different validation techniques and the different accuracy results obtained. These results demonstrate a significant advancement in the detection of unauthorised user access with evidence showing that there could be further advances for research in this field particularly in the application of business security where the detection of VPN usage is important to an organization.
O MUNDO DO TRABALHO E A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: UM OLHAR SOBRE O SETOR INFORMAL
Authors: Isaac Silva Pedro Henrique
Published: June 2020

A pandemia de coronavírus tem trazido enormes desafios para a economia mundial. O mundo do trabalho vem sendo duramente afetado. Seja com a perda de emprego e renda, com a introdução massiva do trabalho remoto ou com a exposição a situações de risco de contágio, trabalhadores de  todo o planeta sofrem os efeitos da Covid-19, das políticas restritivas e da retração econômica. O presente artigo busca refletir sobre a relação do mundo do trabalho com a pandemia de Covid-19. Nesse sentido, analisamos os impactos da pandemia sobre os trabalhadores, especialmente aqueles que se encontram na informalidade, e as ações governamentais criadas para diminuir o impacto da crise sobre o trabalho. Por fim, trazemos a discussão sobre a criação de uma renda básica universal como política não apenas de enfrentamento da crise do coronavírus, mas também como alternativa frente à realidade de flexibilização das relações de trabalho e de vulnerabilização massificada da classe trabalhadora.