bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Time-Restricted Eating Reduces Weight and Improves Glycemic Response in Young Adults: A Pre-Post Single-Arm Intervention Study
Authors: Kim JinA , Song YoonJu
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Time-restricted eating (TRE) has cardiometabolic health benefits by optimizing circadian rhythms. However, limited data are available on the effect of early TRE in young adults. The objective of this pre-post single-arm trial was to test the effect of TRE on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors and to evaluate changes in meal and sleep timing by TRE among young adults with typically late bedtime. Methods: This 4-week intervention was conducted in healthy young adults aged 18–39 years. Dietary records with time logs were collected before and during the intervention, and nutrient intake and meal timing were evaluated. Snack packages containing 20 g of protein per day were provided weekly. Body composition was measured weekly using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Blood samples were collected before and after the intervention, and cardiometabolic parameters were evaluated. Results: Of the 36 screened participants, 34 completed the study (completion rate 94.4%). The average age was 23.4 ± 2.9 years with 64.7% female. The mean wake-up time and bedtime were 09:16 ± 01:26 and 01:51 ± 01:39 with average sleep duration of 7.4 ± 1.4 h. Body weight and fat mass, excluding muscle mass, were significantly reduced over 4 weeks compared to baseline only in the early TRE group starting before noon. The early TRE group also showed significantly reduced fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and serum triglyceride (TG) levels after 4 weeks. However, the late TRE group starting after noon showed no significant changes except a reduced TG level. The meal timing was changed by TRE, where the first meal was delayed and the last meal was shifted. Neither sleep duration nor timing was significantly changed by TRE. Energy intakes were not different, but protein intake increased from 19.2% to 22.6% due to snack packages during intervention. However, no significant correlation between nutrient intakes and body composition changes was found. There were no adverse events related to study participation. Conclusions: An early TRE regimen may be a feasible and effective strategy to manage body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults without altering the sleep-wake cycle.
Pengaruh Financial Distress terhadap Earnings Management (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Sektor Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek In-donesia Periode 2014-2018)
Authors: Suryana Ade , Muhammad Risyan Rizqi Khairi  , Muhammad Risyan Rizqi Khairi
Published: November 2022

Reflecting on the biggest accounting scandals in the world, such as the case of Bernie Medoff, Enron, Lehman Brother, Worldcom, and others; corporate stakeholders are powerless against the collapse of a company or economy. There is a practice of Earnings Management, where accounting practices are misused for the benefit of company management. Then, the emergence and bankruptcy of companies continued to alternate based on the number of bankruptcy cases in Indonesia. And the mining sector became an advanced industry in the era of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, but experienced a setback in the era of Joko Widodo. Many small companies went bankrupt and were acquired by large companies. Financial Distress pressure can make management to do Earnings Management based on certain motives (Diri, 2018). The study was conducted to find the relationship between Financial Distress through the Grover model and Earnings Management through the Modified Jones model. The results show that there is a relationship between Financial Distress and Earnings Management, the influence or strength of the explanation of Financial Distress on Earnings Management is at a strong level.
Pengaruh Investasi dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Kemiskinan Provinsi Jawa Barat 2011-2021
Authors: Hidayati Risqi Nurika Fatha , Muchtar Masruri , Sihombing Pardomuan Robinson
Published: November 2022

West Java Province is a province in Indonesia that always shows the realization of foreign and domestic investments that are superior to other provinces in Indonesia. On the other hand, poverty in West Java Province still becomes a main problem as indicated by the high number of people living in poverty. This study aims to determine the effect of investment and economic growth on poverty in West Java Province in 2011-2021. The results show that the high realization of investment has no significant effect on poverty in West Java. However, the high economic growth in West Java has a significant and negative effect on poverty in the area. The government can take the right policies to continue to increase economic growth in West Java and take other steps apart from investing both foreign and domestic investments.
RETRACTION NOTICE TO "Apakah Dana Desa dan Fungsi Belanja APBD Mampu Mengatasi Kemiskinan di Indonesia?"
Authors: Sihombing Pardomuan Robinson , Muslianti Dwi , Yunita
Published: November 2022

This article entitled “Aplikasi Model Diffence in Difference Pada Regresi Binomial Logistik (Studi Kasus: Implementasi Program Indonesia Pintar Terhadap Status Sekolah Anak)” (2022), authored by Pardomuan Robin-son Sihombing and Wisnu Pratiko, published in Vol. 2, No. 3 of Jurnal Ekonomi dan Statistik Indonesia. 2(3), 244 – 249 has been retracted as requested by the authors.
Notes on the identity of Persea haridasanii (Lauraceae) with typification of Machilus robusta
Authors: CHAKRABARTY TAPAS , RAWAT VINEET KUMAR , KUMAR ANAND , GHOSHAL PARTHA PRATIM
Published: November 2022

N/A
Aloiampelos tenuior var. ernstii, a new orange-flowered variety of rambling aloe (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae)
Authors: SMITH GIDEON F. , FIGUEIREDO ESTRELA , KLOPPER RONELL R. , CAMPBELL EILEEN E. , MARTIN KRISTEN
Published: November 2022

A red- and several yellow-flowered variants of Aloiampelos tenuior (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), a species of scrambling aloe, are well known, including in cultivation, and apart from the autonymic variety, at least four others have been given taxonomic recognition at that rank. The yellow-flowered varieties of A. tenuior are predominantly, but not exclusively, based on vegetative characters, while the red-flowered variety is distinguished by its flower colour, as well as vegetative characters. The orange-flowered form of A. tenuior, which is much less common in cultivation than A. tenuior var. tenuior or A. tenuior var. rubriflora, is here described as A. tenuior var. ernstii.
Lectotypification of Bauhinia delavayi and B. yunnanensis (Fabaceae: Cercidoideae)
Authors: IDREES MUHAMMAD , LI MENG , ZHANG ZHIYONG
Published: November 2022

N/A
New species and new records of the genus Lathrobium Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from Zhejiang, East China
Authors: ZHAO QING-HAO , PENG ZHONG
Published: November 2022

Nineteen species of Lathrobium Gravenhorst, 1802 are recorded from Zhejiang Province, East China, all of them micropterous and locally endemic. Two species are described and illustrated: L. chengi sp. n. and L. miaoi sp. n. Including the new taxa, 221 Lathrobium species are currently known from mainland China.
PrEP Prescription Among MSM U.S. Military Service Members: Race and Sexual Identification Matter
Authors: Carter Gregory , Staten ILT Colten , Woodward Brennan , Mahnke Brianna , Campbell Jessica
Published: November 2022

An estimated 20.9% of U.S. service members report a high risk of HIV infection; however, only 2,000 service members had accessed HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as of 2017. This study used a cross-sectional design to explore PrEP prescription predictors among service members who identify as a man who have sex with other men (MSM) ( n = 354). Logistic regression was performed to assess the influence of four predictor variables: partner HIV status, race/ethnicity, primary partner gender, and sexual orientation on the odds participants’ report being prescribed PrEP. A majority identified as gay ( n = 246, 69.5%) and 23.4% ( n = 83) identified as bisexual. Bisexual participants were 2.1 times ( p = <.04) less likely to be prescribed PrEP. Accordingly, those who identify their primary sex partner as female were 5.1 times less likely to be prescribed PrEP ( p < .001). MSM service members who had a partner disclose their HIV-positive status were 4.1 times more likely to have been prescribed PrEP ( p = .013). Finally, participants who identify as Black were 3 times more likely ( p = .001), and Latinx MSM were 3.6 times more likely ( p = .003) to have been prescribed PrEP.
Muscle strength is associated with fracture risk obtained by fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) in women with breast cancer
Authors: de Almeida Marques Bernabé Rayne , de Souza Vieira Mariana , Felício de Souza Vanusa , Gomes Fontana Luana , Albergaria Ben-Hur , Marques-Rocha José Luiz , Guandalini Valdete Regina
Published: November 2022

Background

Women with breast cancer are at risk for the development of sarcopenia and occurrence of fractures. The initial and periodic screening of these conditions can prevent the risks of disability, poor quality of life, and death. The present study investigated the association between sarcopenia phenotypes and fracture risk, assessed by the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) in women with breast cancer.

Methods

Cross-sectional study. It included women aged between 40 and 80 years, diagnosed with Luminal subtype breast cancer, with time of diagnosis ≤ 12 months, who had not started endocrine therapy, did not have metastasis, had not been treated for another malignancy, and had no recurrences. Sociodemographic, habits and lifestyle, clinical, anthropometric, and body composition variables were considered. Muscle strength, skeletal muscle mass, and physical performance were investigated using handgrip strength (HGS), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), and Timed Up and Go test (TUGT), respectively. Fracture risk was assessed using FRAX. Multiple linear regression models were conducted to verify the association between exposure variables and sarcopenia phenotypes. A significance level of p < 0.05 was adopted for all tests using the SPPS 25.0 program.

Results

Sixty-two women with a mean age of 58.1 ± 10.4 years were evaluated. Of these, 66.1% self-declared to be non-white, 41.9% and 71.0% did not consume alcohol or smoke, respectively, and 61.3% were insufficiently active. A total of 45.2% had clinical stage II carcinoma and 65.5% had the invasive breast carcinoma histological subtype. There was a predominance of adequacy of HGS (88.7%), ASMI (94.5%), and TUGT (96.8%), as well as low risk of hip fractures (85.5%) and major fractures (82.3%). HGS remained associated with FRAX hip fractures (p = 0.007) and FRAX major fractures (p = 0.007) in the adjusted models, while ASMI was associated with body mass (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Low muscle strength was the sarcopenia phenotype that remained associated with fracture risk in women with breast cancer, independently of sociodemographic factors, level of physical activity, and clinical factors. In addition to the assessment of probable sarcopenia, this measurement may point out the risk of fractures.
Development of accreditation standards for midwifery clinical education in Iran
Authors: Abedian Sara , Javadnoori Mojgan , Montazeri Simin , Khosravi Shahla , Ebadi Abbas , Nikbakht Roshan
Published: November 2022

Background

Accreditation is one of the most important methods of quality assurance and improvement in medical education. In Iran, there are no specific midwifery education accreditation standards. This study was designed to develop accreditation standards for midwifery clinical education in Iran.

Methods

This study was performed in Iran in 2021. It consisted of two phases. In the first phase, accreditation standards for midwifery education in the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia and the International Confederation of Midwives were thoroughly examined through a narrative review. The domains obtained from this phase were used as a framework for coding in the second phase. In the second phase, a qualitative study was conducted with a directed content analysis approach to determine standards and criteria for clinical midwifery education accreditation in Iran. Participants were policymakers and senior managers of midwifery education, faculty members of midwifery departments with clinical teaching experience, and final year undergraduate midwifery students. The participants were selected by purposive sampling method, and data collection continued until data saturation.

Results

The standards and accreditation criteria of midwifery education from the review study were formed 6 domains: Mission and goals; Curricula; Clinical instructors; Students, Clinical setting; and Assessment. In the second phase, data analysis led to the extraction of 131 codes, which were divided into 35 sub-subcategories, 15 sub-categories, and 6 main categories.

Conclusion

Implementing the specific and localized standards of clinical midwifery education in Iran can lead to improved quality of clinical education programs.
Exploring home-based care nurses’ mindset for nursing practices: a phenomenological study
Authors: Brenne Bodil Aarmo , Hedlund Marianne , Ingstad Kari
Published: November 2022

Background

Home nursing is an essential aspect of healthcare and can address future health challenges. The nature of nursing and its practical applications are of particular interest, as nursing involves technical knowledge, rational procedures, and diverse skills. It is consequential to explore nursing practices in context to understand how nurses navigate their work. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of home care nurse practices and how nurses solve tasks in the context of nursing in home care.

Methods

This is an exploratory qualitative research study using a descriptive phenomenological approach. We reported following the COREQ guidelines. Fifteen in-depth interviews with nurses from four Norwegian municipalities were conducted and analysed according to stepwise inductive analysis.

Results

The analysis revealed three main patterns that characterise nursing practices in home care: ‘To be vigilant’, ‘To be an all-rounder’, and ‘To act with independence’. The content and distinction of these patterns are discussed through a theoretical framework of ‘clinical mindlines’. There are multiple mindlines and complex realities for home-based care nursing. The nurses displayed great sensitivity in their practice, were knowledgeable about where they focused their attention, adapted their actions to the context, and demonstrated their independence as professionals.

Conclusion

Nurses’ vigilance and contextual insight are critical to their practice approach and task-solving abilities. These professionals need to manage emergent organisations and exercise independence and professional judgment when adapting their work to the context of home care patients. Future health policy should not strictly be based on standardised guidelines; depending on the context, it is also appropriate to focus on nurses’ practical knowledge and the importance of mindlines.
Association between abdominal obesity indices and risk of cardiovascular events in Chinese populations with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Qiao Tingting , Luo Tao , Pei Hualian , Yimingniyazi Bahegu , Aili Dilihumaer , Aimudula Aliya , Zhao Hui , Zhang Huanwen , Dai Jianghong , Wang Duolao
Published: November 2022

Background

Waist circumference (WC), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) are considered surrogate indicators of abdominal fat deposition, but the longitudinal association of these indices with cardiovascular (CV) events in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. Our study aimed to examine the associations between abdominal obesity indices and incident CV events among people with T2D and to compare their predictive performance in risk assessment.

Methods

The present study included 2328 individuals with T2D from the Xinjiang Multi-Ethnic Cohort. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were applied to assess the associations between abdominal obesity indices and CV events. Harrell's concordance statistic (C-statistic), net reclassification improvement (NRI) index, and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) index were utilized to evaluate the predictive performance of each abdominal obesity index.

Results

At a median follow-up period of 59 months, 289 participants experienced CV events. After multivariable adjustment, each 1-SD increase in WC, VAI, LAP, and CVAI was associated with a higher risk of CV events in people with T2D, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) being 1.57 [95% CI (confidence interval): 1.39–1.78], 1.11 (95% CI 1.06–1.16), 1.46 (95% CI 1.36–1.57), and 1.78 (95% CI 1.57–2.01), respectively. In subgroup analyses, these positive associations appeared to be stronger among participants with body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 compared to overweight/obese participants. As for the predictive performance, CVAI had the largest C-statistic (0.700, 95% CI 0.672–0.728) compared to VAI, LAP, WC, and BMI (C-statistic: 0.535 to 0.670, all P for comparison < 0.05). When the abdominal obesity index was added to the basic risk model, the CVAI index also showed the greatest incremental risk stratification (C-statistic: 0.751 vs. 0.701, P < 0.001; IDI: 4.3%, P < 0.001; NRI: 26.6%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study provided additional evidence that all abdominal obesity indices were associated with the risk of CV events and highlighted that CVAI might be a valuable abdominal obesity indicator for identifying the high risk of CV events in Chinese populations with T2D. These results suggest that proactive assessment of abdominal obesity could be helpful for the effective clinical management of the diabetic population.
Role of biomarkers in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients
Authors: Badiee Parisa , Ghasemi Fatemeh , Jafarian Hadis
Published: November 2022

Background

Invasive aspergillosis is one of the important causes of infection in immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of biomarkers in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis and their relationship with antifungal stewardship programs.

Methods

190 sera from 52 immunocompromised patients and volunteer individuals were included in this study. 18 immunocompromised volunteers without IA and 34 patients with probable and proven aspergillosis according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group consensus definitions were entered in this study. The respective sera were evaluated for procalcitonin, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) levels; white blood cells count (WBC) count, C reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values. Demographic data and clinical characteristics of patients were extracted from their files.

Results

The male-to-female ratio and mean age of patients were 22/12 and 38.9 years, respectively. The hematologic disorder was the most predisposing factor (29/34, 85.3%). Sensitivity of biomarkers for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis was 70.6% (cut off value > 190 pg/mL for sTREM-1, 71% (cut off value > 260 pg/mL) for PCT, 85.3% (cut off value > 193 U/L) for LDH, 94.1% (cut off value > 8 mg/l) for CRP, 64.7% (cut off value < 5200 cells/ml) for WBC, and 85.3% (cut off value > 23 mm/h) for ESR. Twelve patients died, with significantly increased sTREM-1 levels and decreased WBC count in them.

Conclusion

According to our data, evaluation of the biomarkers can help in the diagnosis, management, and prediction of the severity of Aspergillus infection, and the rational use of antifungal agents in immunocompromised patients.
Relapse to problem drinking or trading up to spirits? Using U.S. national cross-sectional survey data to highlight possible negative impacts of potential tobacco retail changes
Authors: Karriker-Jaffe Katherine J. , Henriksen Lisa , Smith Elizabeth A. , McDaniel Patricia A. , Malone Ruth E. , Kerr William C.
Published: November 2022

Background

According to the National Alcohol Beverage Control Association, twelve states in the United States (U.S.) have government retail monopolies on spirits/liquor sales. With a new federal minimum legal sales age for tobacco (raised from 18 to 21, the minimum legal sales age for alcohol), we examine possible unintended consequences of a hypothetical policy change restricting retail tobacco sales to state-run spirits/liquor stores in alcohol control states, which has been proposed as a tobacco endgame strategy.

Methods

We used cross-sectional survey data from 14,821 randomly-selected adults ages 21 and older who responded to the 2015 or 2020 U.S. National Alcohol Survey (51.8% female; 65.8% identified as non-Hispanic White, 12.4% as Black or African American, 14.2% as Hispanic or Latinx; 34.0% had a low level of education), including 2,274 respondents (18.9%) residing in one of the alcohol control states (representing 42.2 million (M) adults ages 21+). We estimated associations between tobacco measures (lifetime smoking status, lifetime daily smoking, past-year daily smoking) and alcohol measures (drinking status, beverage choices, lifetime alcohol use disorder (AUD) status, recovery status) overall and for specific subgroups.

Results

In control states, 55.1% of people who smoked daily in the past year also reported lifetime AUD, including an estimated 3.56 M adults ages 21 + who reported prior (but not current) AUD. The association of daily smoking with lifetime AUD was stronger among those with low education compared to those with higher education. Further, 58.8% of people in recovery from an alcohol and/or drug problem (1.49 M adults ages 21+) smoked daily, and this was more marked among women than men in control states.

Conclusion

There could be negative consequences of an endgame strategy to restructure tobacco retail sales, including increased risk for relapse to drinking among people who smoke daily, especially among women and people with low levels of education. Strategies to mitigate unintended harms would be needed if such a policy were implemented.
Hepatitis B or C viral infection and the risk of cervical cancer
Authors: Luo Chuanfang , Yu Shuhui , Zhang Jinping , Wu Xingrao , Dou Zhongyan , Li Zheng , Yang E. , Zhang Lan
Published: November 2022

Background

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on the risk of cervical cancer.

Methods

We conducted a case–control study including 838 cervical cancer cases and 838 benign disease controls matched for age, ethnicity, and place of birth. Venous blood was tested for HBV and HCV serological markers. Multiple odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cervical cancer were estimated using logistic regression. HBV antigens were examined using immunohistochemical staining.

Results

Anti-HCV was positive in 10 cases (1.2%) and 0 controls (0%). Cases had higher percentage of chronic HBV infection (HBsAg-positive/anti-HBc-positive) and prior HBV infection (HBsAg-negative/anti-HBc-positive) than controls (6.3% vs 4.4%; 11.6% vs 7.3%). Both chronic HBV infection (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.0–2.4) and prior HBV infection (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2–2.4) were associated with cervical cancer in univariate logistic regression analyses. In subgroup analysis among HPV-positive patients, the association between chronic HBV infection and cervical cancer disappeared (OR 1.2; 95% CI 0.4–3.4); while in subgroup among patients younger than 50 years, the association remained significant with adjustment for HPV infection and parity (adjusted OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.0–4.4). HBsAg and HBcAg were detected in 8% and 12% of cervical cancer cases who had seropositive HBsAg, respectively. Compared with the benign controls, individuals with both HBsAg and HPV positive had an increased risk of cervical cancer (adjusted OR 67.1; 95% CI 23.4–192.7).

Conclusions

HBV infection was associated with cervical cancer in patients with age younger than 50 years. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm this relationship.
Analysis of stress tolerance, competitive-anxiety, heart rate variability and salivary cortisol during successive matches in male futsal players
Authors: Ribeiro Bruno Laerte Lopes , Galvão-Coelho Nicole Leite , Almeida Raíssa Nóbrega , dos Santos Lima Gustavo Zampier , de Sousa Fortes Leonardo , Mortatti Arnaldo Luis
Published: November 2022

Background

This study aimed to compare the stress tolerance, competitive anxiety, heart rate variability and salivary cortisol before and during successive futsal competitive matches (3 matches in 4 days) in young male futsal players.

Methods

10 young male futsal players (16.9 ± 0.7 age; 71.0 ± 5.1 kg; 174.9 ± 4.3 cm) were monitored during one training session and across a competitive period with 3 successive matches. External load was determined by the PlayerLoad method, while session rating of perceived exertion was used to calculate the internal training and competitive load. The stress tolerance was examined using Daily Analysis of Life Demand in Athletes questionnaire and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory was used to analyze the competitive anxiety. The Time and frequency monitoring parameters were used to analyze the vagal cardiac autonomic marker. sC was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

A generalized estimating equation showed a significant difference for PlayerLoad from M1 to TS, M2 and M3, from M2 to M3 (p < 0.05), and for session rating of perceived exertion from M1 to Ts and M3 (p < 0.05). A difference for sources [χ2(3) = 1.481,p = 0.68] or symptoms [χ2(3) = 3.893,p = 0.27] was not found. There was no significant difference in any of the competitive anxiety [cognitive anxiety (F(1.644; 14.799) = 4.6,p = 0.73, ŋ2p = 0.28), somatic anxiety (F(2,09; 18,85) = 26.07 p = 0.057; ŋ2p = 0.27) or self-confidence (F(2.07; 18.85) = 15.875 p = 0.152; ŋ2p = 0.18)] domains. The HRV parameters (time domain and frequency) and Salivary Cortisol (sC) (χ2(3) = 4.320 p = 0.229) did not significantly change during the successive matches.

Conclusion

The competitive scenario in which the players were evaluated did not significantly modify the stress tolerance, or the athletes’ state of anxiety, which in turn was not able to promote changes in the cardiac vagal modulation or in the sC levels before the matches.
A physically active lifestyle is associated with lower long-term incidence of bipolar disorder in a population-based, large-scale study
Authors: Svensson Martina , Erhardt Sophie , Hållmarker Ulf , James Stefan , Deierborg Tomas
Published: November 2022

Background

Physical activity has been proposed to be beneficial for the symptomatic control of bipolar disorder, but the duration of the effects, sex-specific mechanisms, and impact of exercise intensity are not known.

Method

With an observational study design, we followed skiers and age and sex-matched non-skiers from the general population to investigate if participation in a long-distance cross-country ski race (Vasaloppet) was associated with a lower risk of getting diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Using the Swedish population and patient registries, skiers in Vasaloppet and age and sex-matched non-skiers from the general population were analyzed for any diagnosis of bipolar disorder after participation in the race. Additionally, we used finishing time of the ski race as a proxy for intensity levels to investigate if exercise intensity impacts the risk of bipolar disorder among the physically active skiers.

Results

Previous participation in a long distance ski race (n = 197,685, median age 36 years, 38% women) was associated with a lower incidence of newly diagnosed bipolar compared to an age and sex-matched general population (n = 197,684) during the up to 21 years follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio, HR = 0.48). The finishing time of the race did not significantly impact the risk of bipolar disorder in men. Among women, high performance (measured as the finishing time to complete the race, a proxy for higher exercise dose) was associated with an increased risk of bipolar disorder compared to slower skiing women (HR = 2.07).

Conclusions

Our results confirm that a physically active lifestyle is associated with a lower risk of developing bipolar disorder. Yet, to elucidate the direction of causality in this relationship requires complementary study designs. And the influence of physical performance level on the risk of bipolar disorder warrants further examinations among women.
Evaluation of ERIC-PCR method for determining genetic diversity among Escherichia coli isolated from human and retail imported frozen shrimp and beef
Authors: Alsultan Afnan , Elhadi Nasreldin
Published: November 2022

There is a global concern and increasing reports regarding foodborne disease infections associated with consuming contaminated vegetables, seafood, meat, and poultry products. Among foodborne bacterial pathogens globally, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Shigella were the most frequently implicated in causing food poisoning infections in children and adults. In Saudi Arabia, the consumption rates of imported fresh fruits, vegetables, seafood, and meat products are considered high. Therefore, the development of simple PCR based DNA fingerprinting methods is essential to track the source and route of microbial contamination among imported frozen meat and seafood products. A total of 38 E. coli strains were subtyped using ERIC1R, ERIC2, and a pair combination (ERIC1R + ERIC2) to generate genomic fingerprinting. The three Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR)-based primers were generated in 26, 24, and 16 different genotypes while using ERIC1R, ERIC2, and ERIC1R + ERIC2, respectively. The Discrimination Index values obtained by ERIC1R, ERIC2, and ERIC1R + ERIC2 were 0.976, 0.965, and 0.903, respectively. ERIC1R and ERIC2 primers had the best discriminatory ability and typeability value and proved suitable for investigating genetic analysis among the population of E. coli strains. At the same time, the ERIC1R + ERIC2 primer pair has average discriminatory power and typeability value for differentiating E. coli strains. These results suggest that subtyping using ERIC1R and ERIC2 primer is a more reliable and rapid typing strategy for E. coli strains.
Utilising community volunteers can increase the detection and referral of Buruli ulcer cases in endemic communities in Southeast, Nigeria
Authors: Alo Chihurumnanya , Okedo-Alex Ijeoma Nkem , Akamike Ifeyinwa Chizoba , Agu Adaoha Pearl , Okeke Ifeyinwa Maureen , Amuzie Chidinma Ihuoma , Alo Nneamaka C.
Published: November 2022

Background

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a debilitating neglected tropical disease which causes disability and mostly affects inhabitants in impoverished settings where access to medical care is challenging. This study aims to determine the effect of training community members as volunteers for or in the detection and referral of people who have Buruli ulcer to the hospital.

Methods

The following study is a before and after study in the BU-endemic Local Government Areas (LGA) of Ebonyi State. A cluster random sampling technique was used to select 90 volunteers from three LGAs (30 from each LGA). In each LGA, the volunteers underwent a one-day training and six months field work to identify all those who have any form of ulcer on any part of their bodies. A short questionnaire was used to capture socio-demographic characteristics of the patient, site of the ulcer, duration of the ulcer, initial appearance of the ulcer, referral to hospital, result of laboratory investigation, and treatment received. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Microsoft Windows version 20 software. The Z test statistic was used to compare the number of referred BU patients before and after the intervention by LGA. The Chi square test was used to examine the association between the dependent and independent variables.

Results

The mean age of volunteers was 39 ± 9.5 while mean age of the patients was 42.3 ± 17.1. Most of the ulcers were on the legs (79.4%) and lasted 1–5 years (65.6%). There was a significant increase in the proportion of BU suspects identified by the community volunteers in all 3 LGAs (Afikpo north (p =  < 0.001), Abakaliki (p = 0.02), Ikwo (p = 0.001). The duration of the ulcer was associated with the detection and referral of the patients with higher levels of detection and referral among those whose ulcer had lasted 1–5 years in two of the LGAs (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

We recommend that program managers and stakeholders integrate and scale up the services of trained community health volunteers for the rapid detection of Buruli ulcer cases in rural endemic communities. Awareness and sensitization campaigns on BU preventive measures should be intensified.
Characterization of the human gut virome in metabolic and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Fujimoto Kosuke , Miyaoka Daichi , Uematsu Satoshi
Published: November 2022

The intestinal microbiome is dominated by bacteria and plays a pivotal role in the occurrence and development of disease, including several metabolic and autoimmune disorders. While intestinal viral communities, primarily made up of bacteriophages, are also thought to play a role in disease pathogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract, they have received much less attention than intestinal bacteria. Thus, there is limited information about the relationship between bacteriophages and disease. This review explores a potential role for the intestinal viral microbiome in various metabolic and autoimmune diseases.
An analysis of child sexual abuse seen in a teaching hospital of a developing country
Authors: Ohayi Samuel Robsam , Mba Sunday Gabriel , Ezeme Mark Sunday
Published: November 2022

Background

Child sexual abuse (CSA) continues to expand in scope and character and in developing countries is fuelled by poverty, poor policies, and cultural perceptions and practices. It is poorly studied or under-reported in sub-Saharan Africa. This may be due to the taboo placed on sex and ignorance of the consequences of child sexual abuse. The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of CSA seen in our environment. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information about children attending a forensic clinic with a history of sexual abuse. Information was obtained from the child and/or an accompanying adult. Descriptive statistics were performed on obtained data.

Results

In the study period, CSA cases represented 72.4% of sexual assault; 98.4% of victims were females. Victims’ average age was 10.2±4.2 years (95% CI 9.47–10.93), most (61.1%) lived with both parents, and most presented for care after 72 h of the incident. Most parents/guardians were low-income earners with only secondary education. Most perpetrators (75.6%) were known to their victims and were predominantly artisans (36.6%), while most (43.5%) were aged from 21 to 30 years and 18.3% were adolescents; a greater proportion was unmarried or widowed (52%). The abuse occurred mostly in the perpetrator and victim’s home (56.4%). Inducement with gifts and promises (65.1%) was the most means of procuring CSA; in 21.4% of cases, victims were exposed to pornography before the act. Penis (64.3%) and finger (26.2%) were mostly used. Most victims did not sustain injuries (68.6%) and presented without symptoms (64.3%), while 35 (27.7%) had genitourinary symptoms.

Conclusions

In our environment, sexual abuse of children is commoner than that of adults and has characteristics that make it potentially more problematic than usual including a proportionately high number of adolescent perpetrators and involvement of pornographic materials. Preventive measures should be geared towards these and other aspects of the problem.
Student Zone: Igniting collaboration during challenging times
Authors: Putra Saeful Ghofar Zamianie
Published: November 2022

SEG student chapters are encouaged to collaborate. Recently, a number of chapters in Indonesia have found creative ways to do so. The collaborations have opened communication and allowed students to get to know one another. They have also helped prepare students for successful careers in geoscience. To date, student chapters from the University of Pertamina, University of Indonesia, Gadjah Mada University, UPN Veteran Jakarta University, University of Lampung, and Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology have participated in the collaborations.
Seismic Soundoff: The benefits of ML and AI hinge on a common denominator
Authors: Geary Andrew
Published: November 2022

In this episode, Chris Hanton, director of digital transformation solutions at Ikon Science, discusses the latest insights of using machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI). He highlights one frequently overlooked variable that can undermine the best technology, shares how technologists can ensure that data are trustworthy and valuable, and presents the use case for investing in ML and AI outside of increased efficiency. Hear the full episode at https://seg.org/podcast/post/15843 .
LBODP001 Causal Associations Between Body Fat Accumulation and Covid-19 Severity: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Yoshiji Satoshi , Tanaka Daisuke , Minamino Hiroto , Lu Tianyuan , Murakami Takaaki , Fujita Yoshihito , Richards Brent J , Inagaki Nobuya
Published: November 2022

Background

Previous studies reported associations between obesity measured by body mass index (BMI) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, BMI is calculated only with height and weight and cannot distinguish between body fat mass and fat-free mass. Thus, it is not clear if one or both of these measures are mediating the relationship between obesity and COVID-19.

Aims

To elucidate the independent causal relationships of body fat mass and fat-free mass with COVID-19 severity using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Results

We identified single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with body fat mass and fat-free mass in 454,137 and 454,850 individuals of European ancestry from the UK Biobank, respectively. We then performed two-sample MR to ascertain their effects on severe COVID-19 (cases: 4,792; controls: 1,054,664) from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. We found that an increase in body fat mass by one standard deviation was associated with severe COVID-19 (odds ratio (OR)body fat mass = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28-2. 04, P = ﻿5.51×10-5; ORbody fat-free mass = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.99-1.74, P = ﻿5.77×10-2). Considering that body fat mass and fat-free mass were genetically correlated with each other (r = 0.64), we further evaluated the independent causal effects of body fat mass and fat-free mass using multivariable MR and revealed that only body fat mass was independently associated with severe COVID-19 (ORbody fat mass = 2.91, 95%CI: 1.71-4.96, P = 8.85×10-5 and ORbody fat-free mass = 1. 02, 95%CI: 0.61-1.67, P = 0.945).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the causal effects of body fat accumulation on COVID-19 severity and indicates that the biological pathways influencing the relationship between COVID-19 and obesity are likely mediated through body fat mass.

Presentation: No date and time listed
LBODP004 The Impact Of Covid-19 On Obesity And Ultra-processed Food Intake In Adolescents And Young Adults: Interim Analysis From The PIE Study
Authors: Balhara Maria
Published: November 2022

Introduction

A 10% increase in the diet's proportion of ultra-processed foods is associated with a higher risk of abdominal obesity (OR 1. 07, 95% CI 1. 01 to 1.13) as well as visceral obesity (OR 1. 07, 95% CI 1. 02 to 1.13) (Neri, 2022). Given that ultra-processed food intake now comprises 67% of the adolescent diet (Wang, 2021), there is growing interest in the impact of COVID-19 on obesity and ultra-processed food intake in adolescents and young adults.

Methods

This paper presents an interim analysis of the Processed Intake Evaluation (PIE) study enrolling 1800 participants, aged 13-19 years, in the US. The interim data is presented for the first 452 participants in the PIE study. For these participants, we calculated a composite PIE score (Processed Intake Evaluation) score, a scale of 0-100) averaged for consumption of different ultra-processed foods (1) before COVID-19 prior to 2020 (2) during COVID-19 restrictions 2020-2021 (3) after easing of COVID-19 restrictions in 2022.

Results

The participants’ mean age was 16.6±1.1 years, with 53% females. The processed food intake (PIE score) decreased from 56.2 (before COVID-19) to 52.6 (during COVID-19 restrictions) to 48.1 (now with COVID-19 restrictions eased). The respective decrease was 57.9 to 55.5 to 49.1 in male participants and 54.1 to 50.6 to 47.4 in female participants. Next, the study analyzed a panel of 23 behavioral nutritional factors and identified that less processed food stocked at home and fewer opportunities to eat processed food with peers had the highest association with this decrease during COVID-19. Next, we analyzed participants in high/low-risk groups based on obesity and diabetes in the participant or family. The high-risk group showed a muted decrease in ultra-processed food consumption from 57.7 (prior COVID) to 53.3 (COVID restrictions) to 53. 0 (now). In contrast, the low-risk group showed a higher sustained decrease from 55.9 to 52.5 to 47.1. The differential decrease between the two groups was significant (-4.7 vs. -8.8 for the high/low-risk group, p<0. 01).

Conclusion

This study suggests that the ultra-processed food consumption in adolescents has decreased markedly during COVID-19. Further, the decrease has been sustainable and continued its downward trend even after easing pandemic restrictions. This downward trend related to COVID-19 will be confirmed in the final analysis of 1800 patients, however, this early data provides an encouraging signal that expanded research into COVID-19 impact on reduction in ultra-processed foods consumption and obesity may be warranted, and presents a window of opportunity to strengthen further nutritional and behavioral interventions targeted at adolescents and young adults for reducing obesity-related risk factors.

Presentation: No date and time listed
ODP007 Nephron Specific ATP6AP2 Knockout Increases Urinary Excretion of Fatty Acids while Decreasing Renal Cortical Megalin Expression
Authors: Culver Silas , Hargett Stefan , Harris Thurl , Siragy Helmy
Published: November 2022

We recently reported that mice with inducible nephron specific knockout of ATP6AP2 are resistant to diet induced obesity while demonstrating significant increases in urine glucose and albumin excretion. It is not known whether urinary loss of other metabolites such as lipids contributes to impaired weight gain in this model. Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) are filtered by the glomerulus bound to albumin and are normally reabsorbed in the proximal tubule via the megalin-cubulin complex. We hypothesized that nephron specific ATP6AP2 knockout reduces megalin expression leading to increased urinary NEFA excretion. Eight-week-old male inducible nephron specific ATP6AP2 knockout mice underwent either induction with oral doxycycline or received sucrose water as controls before being placed on either normal diet (ND) or high fat diet (HFD) for 6 months. At the end of this period, organic lipid extraction was performed on 24-hour urine samples to determine 24-hour NEFA excretion. RT-PCR was utilized to determine renal cortical expression of LRP2, the gene for megalin. Similar to prior reports, HFD alone increased body weight by 76% at 6 months compared to ND controls (p<0. 01) while HFD fed knockout mice had 53% lower body weight than HFD controls (p<0. 01). There was no significant change in 24-hour NEFA excretion between ND and HFD controls, but knockout mice on ND had 79% greater 24-hour urine NEFA excretion than ND controls while HFD fed knockout mice had 142% greater 24-hour NEFA excretion compared to HFD controls (p<0. 05). RT-PCR for renal cortical expression of LRP2, the gene for megalin, revealed 55% and 76% reduction in expression in ND and HFD fed knockout mice respectively compared to their respective ND and HFD fed controls (p<0. 01). These results indicate that nephron ATP6AP2 knockout results in increased urinary NEFA excretion via decreased megalin expression in the renal cortex. Further investigation is warranted into how ATP6AP2 may regulate the activity of the megalin-cubulin complex and what effects this may have on lipid reabsorption by the kidney.

Presentation: No date and time listed
ODP009 Obesity-related Conditions in Adults with Overweight and Obesity in the United States: A Cluster Analysis
Authors: Chiu Kevin , Kan Hong , MacEwan Joanna , Shinde Shraddha , Poon Jiat Ling , Ahmad Nadia Nazir
Published: November 2022

Background

Obesity is a heterogeneous chronic condition that has varying metabolic, structural, inflammatory, degenerative, neoplastic and psychological health effects. We aimed to identify common patterns of obesity-related conditions in a nationally representative sample.

Methods

Respondents age ≥18y with body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2 in NHANES 2017-2018 were clustered based on key obesity-related conditions including type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, hypertension (HTN), cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), osteoarthritis, physical limitation (PL), cancer, depression, and anxiety. Hierarchical adaptive means clustering was employed with NHANES survey weights. An optimal number of clusters was chosen with the "elbow method." Patient characteristics were compared across clusters. Clusters were characterized by conditions with a ≥ 50% prevalence in descending order.

Results

Six clusters were identified among 3,084 respondents. Cluster 1 (15.8% of the respondents; mean age: 34.9y; female: 53.5%; mean BMI: 30.8) had no obesity-related conditions. Cluster 2 (27.7%; 47.3; 42.7%; 32.5) was dominated by HTN. Cluster 3 (9.9%; 58. 0; 44.1%; 33. 0) was dominated by CKD and HTN. Cluster 4 (13.2%; 55.1; 68. 0%; 33.7) was dominated by depression, HTN, PL and dyslipidemia. Cluster 5 (23.7%; 59.4; 50.7%; 32.6) was dominated by HTN, PL, CVD and dyslipidemia. Cluster 6 (10.1%; 67.8; 45. 0%; 34.3) was dominated by HTN, dyslipidemia, T2D, PL, and CVD. Clusters 4 and 6 incurred the highest healthcare use.

Conclusions

Adults with overweight and obesity in the US have distinct patterns of obesity-related conditions, the burden of which generally increased with obesity severity and age.

Presentation: No date and time listed