bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Citizen scientists track a charismatic carnivore: Mapping the spread and impact of the South African Mantis (Miomantidae, Miomantis caffra) in Australia
Authors: Connors Matthew G. , Chen Honglei , Li Haokun , Edmonds Adam , Smith Kimberley A. , Gell Colin , Clitheroe Kelly , Miller Ishbel Morag , Walker Kenneth L. , Nunn Jack S. , Nguyen Linh , Quinane Luke N. , Andreoli Chiara M. , Galea Jason A. , Quan Brendon , Sandiford Katrina , Wallis Brendan , Anderson Matthew L. , Canziani Elizabeth Valeria , Craven Jade , Hakim Roi R. C. , Lowther Rod , Maneylaws Cindy , Menz Bastian A. , Newman John , Perkins Harvey D. , Smith Alistair R. , Webber Vanessa H. , Wishart Dylan
Published: May 2022

The recent integration of citizen science with modern technology has greatly increased its applications and has allowed more people than ever to contribute to research across all areas of science. In particular, citizen science has been instrumental in the detection and monitoring of novel introduced species across the globe. This study provides the first records of Miomantis caffra Saussure, 1871, the South African Mantis, from the Australian mainland and uses records from four different citizen science and social media platforms in conjunction with museum records to track the spread of the species through the country. A total of 153 wild mantises and oothecae were observed across four states and territories (New South Wales, Norfolk Island, Victoria, and Western Australia) between 2009 and 2021. The large number of observations of the species in Victoria and the more recent isolated observations in other states and territories suggest that the species initially arrived in Geelong via oothecae attached to plants or equipment, likely from the invasive population in New Zealand. From there it established and spread outwards to Melbourne and eventually to other states and territories, both naturally and with the aid of human transport. We also provide a comparison of M. caffra to similar native mantises, specifically Pseudomantis albofimbriata (Stål, 1860), and comment on the potential impact and further spread of the species within Australia. Finally, we reiterate the many benefits of engaging directly with citizen scientists in biodiversity research and comment on the decision to include them in all levels of this research investigation.
L’attachement au temps de la COVID-19
Authors: Pierrehumbert Blaise
Published: May 2022

La littérature scientifique a montré le rôle clé joué par les comportements d’attachement dans l’enfance et des représentations d’attachement à l’âge adulte pour reconnaître, traiter et réguler les émotions dans des situations stressantes. La pandémie COVID-19 due au virus SARS-CoV-2 a provoqué une importante détresse psychologique et a entraîné une crise de santé mentale dans le monde entier. Parmi les facteurs qui ont contribué à ces problèmes figurent les restrictions sanitaires, l’isolement social, les incertitudes liées à la pandémie, la perturbation de la façon dont les gens interagissent, travaillent, se divertissent ou encore la modification des routines familiales entre parents et enfants. Le présent article constitue une revue de la littérature concernant les publications entre le printemps 2020 et le printemps 2022. Plus de 80 articles, la plupart relatifs à des enquêtes scientifiques, ont été pris en compte. Ils confirment la pertinence de prendre en considération les comportements et les représentations d’attachement lorsqu’il s’agit des implications de cette pandémie ; ces données sont importantes en regard des questions de santé publique, notamment en vue de mieux gérer les menaces collectives du futur.
Privacy protection generalization with adversarial fusion
Authors: Wang Hao , Sun Guangmin , Zheng Kun , Li Hui , Liu Jie , Bai Yu
Published: May 2022

Several biometric privacy-enhancing techniques have been appraised to protect face image privacy. However, a face privacy protection algorithm is usually designed for a specific face recognition algorithm. When the structure or threshold of the face recognition algorithm is fine-tuned, the protection algorithm may be invalid. It will cause the network bloated and make the image distortion target multiple FRAs through the existing technology simultaneously. To address this problem, a fusion technology is developed to cope with the changeable face recognition algorithms via an image perturbation method. The image perturbation is performed by using a GAN-improved algorithm including generator, nozzles and validator, referred to as the Adversarial Fusion algorithm. A nozzle structure is proposed to replace the discriminator. Paralleling multiple face recognition algorithms on the nozzle can improve the compatibility of the generated image. Next, a validator is added to the training network, which takes part in the inverse back coupling of the generator. This component can make the generated graphics have no impact on human vision. Furthermore, the group hunting theory is quoted to make the network stable and up to 4.8 times faster than other models in training. The experimental results show that the Adversarial Fusion algorithm can not only change the image feature distribution by over 42% but also deal with at least 5 commercial face recognition algorithms at the same time.
Pareto optimal algorithms for minimizing total (weighted) completion time and maximum cost on a single machine
Authors: Liu Zhimeng , Li Shuguang
Published: May 2022

This paper studies the Pareto scheduling problem of minimizing total weighted completion time and maximum cost on a single machine. It is known that the problem is strongly NP-hard. Algorithms with running time $ O(n^3) $ are presented for the following cases: arbitrary processing times, equal release dates and equal weights; equal processing times, arbitrary release dates and equal weights; equal processing times, equal release dates and arbitrary weights.
Double alchimie au lac Tchad : ou comment transformer la ressource en pénurie et la pénurie en ressources
Authors: Magrin Géraud
Published: May 2022

Le lac Tchad fait office depuis quelques années d’emblème de la crise du Sahel, à partir de la diffusion d’un diagnostic de l’assèchement du lac menant à sa (proche) disparition, aux effets catastrophiques pour les populations riveraines. Ce message est fondé sur un article scientifique américain relayé par la communication de la Nasa, et sur le discours de nombreuses institutions (FAO, CBLT, États riverains, etc.), repris par les médias. La recherche de lieux concrets capables d’illustrer les effets du réchauffement climatique a cru y trouver un modèle. Le cas du lac Tchad est ainsi régulièrement évoqué dans les conférences internationales sur l’environnement et le climat. Or les réalités du lac sont bien différentes : l’article repose sur un diagnostic erroné et réfuté, les images de la Nasa sont contestables par leur parti pris ; les hydrologues partagent le diagnostic d’une stabilité du lac à un niveau de petit lac déjà rencontré au cours du xxe siècle et des périodes antérieures ; rien ne permet d’annoncer sa disparition. Ce petit lac a servi d’espace d’accueil depuis les sécheresses des années 1970-1980 : il est relativement prospère au sein du Sahel. Ses ressources permettent des activités économiques productives (agriculture de décrue, pêche, élevage), adaptées aux fluctuations habituelles de l’environnement.La thèse de l’épuisement dramatique de la ressource est instrumentalisée dans une double perspective : légitimer un projet de transfert des eaux depuis le bassin du Congo, qui s’inscrit dans un cadre plus large de velléités de retour de grands projets (hydro) agricoles en contexte post-ajustement structurel ; drainer les financements internationaux, car si l’aide au développement devient chiche, la cause environnementale et la lutte contre les effets du réchauffement climatique sont plus porteuses. Il faut donc transformer la pénurie en eau supposée en ressources financières. Ce texte décrit et interprète ce décalage entre connaissance scientifique du fonctionnement du Lac et diagnostic institutionnel et médiatique dominant, à partir d’une analyse des stratégies des différents acteurs (États, organisme de bassin, FAO et bailleurs, médias, think tank).
De l’État facilitateur à l’État médiateur ?
Authors: Bos Vincent
Published: May 2022

L’évolution du secteur minier depuis les années 1990 interroge la relation de l’État péruvien à son territoire et à ses populations. Le secteur minier constitue en effet un objet d’étude qui permet d’appréhender la genèse d’un « État facilitateur », garant des intérêts des acteurs économiques privés, lors de la phase de libéralisation économique ainsi que les timides évolutions de la position étatique sur ce dossier. La modification du cadre réglementaire en termes de fiscalité, de production et de règles environnementales depuis les années 2000 oscille entre un durcissement de la position de l’État face aux acteurs du secteur minier, et une timide (re)négociation des règles du jeu. La position du pouvoir exécutif au cours du conflit minier de Conga et la progressive autonomisation de l’objet environnement semblent à première vue constituer une timide évolution de l’État vers un rôle de médiateur. Pourtant, à y regarder de plus près, ces évolutions ne constituent pas un changement radical du rôle de l’État vis-à-vis du secteur minier mais doivent être analysées comme une (re)négociation concertée des règles du jeu entre acteurs qui marquent l’appui de l’État péruvien au modèle de développement primo-exportateur et plus précisément au secteur minier.
Mass Radiographic Survey on Entertainers
Authors: Won Myong Soo
Published: May 2022

Choog-Ku Health Center has been doing mass radiographic survey on the employees numbering 13,586 who were engaging in hotels, barbershops and beauty shops, bars, tea rooms and restaurants in the district of Choong-Ku, Seoul during the period of 3 months July 1, 1962 to Sep. 30. 1962. Since tuberculosis is still one of the most infective diseases and highly infectious among the populations, we have been doing X-ray check-ups each year especially to the employees(in entertainment businesses) to combat the disease. Each year they were not so much cooperative to this overall radiologic examination that no successful result have been obtained yet. But during the above period, an intensive survey on this program could been done with the proper guidance of the health authorities. Here I should like to present these result for the purpose of giving notices to the proprietors of the entertainment businesses.
Cost as a Factor in the Selection of Patients for Operation in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Dietrick R.B. , Lee Moon Ho
Published: May 2022

When either thoracoplasty or excisional lung surgery are acceptable according to good criteria, the choice of operation may depend upon the cost. At the Graham Memorial Hospital 44 patients have had either thoracoplasty or excisional lung surgery in the past two years. Twenty-three patients had thoracoplasties, and 21 patients had excisional lung surgery for pulmonary tuberculosis. Analysis of these patients records shows that excisional lung surgery is definitely less expensive. This is due to the fact that only one operation is required, as compared to two operations for the average thoracoplasty, and because the hospital stay is much shorter of patients undergoing excisional lung surgery. Therefore, when other factors do not dictate the choice of operation, the authors recommend excisional lung surgery because of the lesser cost to the patient and the institution.
Surveys on the Distribution of Clonorchiasis and Paragonimiasis in Chonnam Province
Authors: Yoon Chong Mann
Published: May 2022

1) The distribution of clonorchiasis and paragonimiasis was surveyed, by intradermal skin test on 2,658 persons among the population of 24 localities of Chonnam Province.2) For clonorchiasis, the highest positive rate was 50.0% of Whasoon goon and the lowest was 5.1% of Youngkwang goon, the average was 20.4% of totlaa. For paragonimiasis, the highest was 61.2% of Hainam goon the lowest was 0.8% of Kwangyang goon, the average was 17.6%3),4),5)
OBSERVATIONS ON THE OPEN-NEGATIVE SYNDROME AND OPEN HEALING OF CAVITIES
Authors: Chang Pyoung Ha
Published: May 2022

The incidence of open-negative syndrome and open healing of cavities and correlation between them, were studied with regard to 212 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and cavitation, and 114 resected specimens containing cavities. The results are briefly summarized as follows: 1. The open-negative syndrome occurred in 9% of patients with cavitation undergoing prolonged chemotherapy and the syndrome was most commonly seen in cases with relatively thin-walled, large cavities. 2. Of the resected specimens with cavities 7.9% showed open healing; 3 out of 6 cases with open negative syndrome before resection, showed open healing of cavities. 3. Amongst 15 macroscopically open healing cavities, 13(87%) showed complete histological healing and 2(13%) showed unhealed histological findings.
THE PATTERN OF TUBERCULIN ALLERGY AFTER B.C.G. VACCINATION
Authors: Kim Taek Iim , Lee Young Ju , Lee Sung Kwan
Published: May 2022

The tuberculin reaction after B.C.G. vaccination revealed weaker than that of natural infection and it decreases gradually with the elapse of time and disappears after four or five years. But, as a matter of fact, the positive rate of tuberculin reaction at four or five years after B.C.G. vaccination was estimated to 50 percent. This suggests that the reinfection has been taken place to those lost tuberculin allergy after B.C.G. vaccination. Following results were obtained after comparing the pattern of tuberculin reactions between those B.C.G. vaccinated and those naturally infected. 1. The stronger reactions were observed in the naturally acquired positive reactors than those B.C.G. vaccinated. Of those positive reactors in the B.C.G. vaccinated, it was noted that erythema in 50-70%, palpable induration in 20-50%, double erythema in 5-35%, and vesicle and necrosis in 2-10% whereas, 2-10%, 40-60%, 10-40%, and 5-25% respectively among the naturally acquired positive reactors. 2. There was a close relationship between the frequency of B.C.G. inoculation and the sizes of reaction after reinfection, that is, the more the frequent inoculation the weaker the reaction of tuberculin allergy.
FOLLOW-UP STUDY ON 74 CASES OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS WHO HAVE REFUSED THE RECOMMENDED CHEST SURGERY
Authors: Lee Hyo Keun , Ham Sung Sook , Kim Hyung Duk
Published: May 2022

Since the introduction of specific drugs in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis pulmonary surgery became one of an important therapeutic measures. However, due to lack of understanding, undue fear to the surgery and poor economic situation, a considerable number of patients who were recommended to have certain pulmonary surgery failed to receive it. The purpose of this study is to analyze the follow-up results of those who have failed to receive the recommended pulmonary surgery in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. 1. One to five years follow-up study was carried out on 74 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis who have failed to receive the recommended pulmonary surgery in the course of treatment. 2. All cases continued chemotherapy and 12 cases, or 16.2 percent, became an inactive status without the recommended surgery; another 12 cases became worse and the remaining 50 cases, or 67.6 percent, remained in same status. 3. Improvement to an inactive status without the recommended surgery has been obtained more frequently in the cases who was recommended thoracoplasty, had no cavitary lesions or lesions on the contralateral lung, and negative sputum at the time of surgery recommended. The improvement has also occurred more frequently in the cases who had secondary drugs after the surgery was recommended. 4. Without delaying the recommended surgery higher curative rate, 90.7 percent was obtained. Therefore, it is necessary for physicians to give adequate explanations and stronger recommendations to the patients on surgery.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS SEEN AT AN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
Authors: Lee Chan Sae
Published: May 2022

The records of 1,200 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis seen at University hospital of Catholic Medical College fro 3 years from September 1961 to August 1963 has been analysed to study the epidemiological behavior of pulmonary tuberculosis patient with a purpose of understanding the present status of tuberculosis control in Korea. 1. The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was 4% of total out-patient of Department of Internal Medicine during same period, and it was almost same rate with the presumptive incidence among general population. 2. There were considerably more male patients than Female patients with a rate of 67% male to 33% Female in contrast to the reversed ratio of 45% male to 55%female in total medical patients. 3. There were 33.1% of Minimal, 36.3% of Moderately Advanced, 20.4% of far advance cases according to USA-NTA classification. Baceriological study had been rather much neglected as a whole showing only 19.5% positive, 27.2% negative, and 53.3% no data. However in the patients who had been treated for more than 1 month as inpatient showed 62.8% positive 37.2% negative. 4. The patients who had been innitaly diagnosed at this hospital without previous tuberculosis history were only 5% of total tuberculosis patients and only 28.3% of those patients received the treatment for more than 3 months. 5. One who continued more than 5 months treatment were only 5.7% of total patients and one who had admission treatment were 18.1% of total. However one who had more than one months admission treatment were only 3.5% of total. The author believed that the reason of such phenomenon of having an inadequate treatment was due to economic condition of the patients rather than because this hospital was not properly equipped for tuberculous patients 6. To study the moment of hospital visit by the patients the author divided the patients according to their chief complaints in 4 groups; A for the group with remarkable respiratory complaints, B for the group with vague general constitutional complaints of chronic diseases, C for the group with non-respiratory complaints such as gastrointestinal, D for the group with hemostatic complaints. There were 56.4% of A, 17.9% of B, 8.1% of C and 17.6% of D as a whole but there were more D group(27.8%) among hospitalized patients and it shows that the patients would not visit a hospital or be admitted unless emergent situations raised. 7. Judaing from above results, it is clear that the behavior of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis seen at university hospital were very irregular and unsatisfactory. For this reason the author believes that it would be impossible to control the tuberculosis patient unless there are adequate facilities of admission treatment and economic aide for the patient although the unawareness of acute problems of tuberculosis among the people and the financial condition of this government seems to force adaption of an ambulatory treatment system only to economise the governmental expenses.
PREVALENCE OF PRIMARY DRUG RESlSTANCE IN KOREA DURING 1963-1964
Authors: Kim Sung Chin
Published: May 2022

During 1962-1963, 233 previously untreated tuberculosis patients were examined for prevalence of primary drug resistance to INH,PAS,SM The specimens were collected from 9 Health Centers, 6 General Hospitals and Tuberculosis clinics in Seoul City. specimens were cultured quantitatively and method of indirect sensitivity test to all strains was employed. Bacterial populations from each drug concentration were observed. 1% KH2PO4 Ogawa medium was used. Drug concentrations are follows:(concentrated before inspissation) INH 0.2, 1, 5, (mcg per ml) PAS 1,5. SM 10,20 Criteria of drug resistance. INH: more than 5 colonies on 0.2 mcg, per ml. PAS: More than 5 colonies on 1 mcg per ml. SM: Morea than 5 coloniesces: on 5 mcg per ml. Complete resistance: more than 75% of colonies growth on drug containing medium. Partial resistance: less than 74% of colony growth on drug containing medium. Summarized results: 1. Average rate of primary resistance was 17.8%; 14.7% in 1962 and 23.4% in 1963. 2. In 1962, 7.7% to INH, 3.8% to PAS and 8.3% to SM were resistant In9163, 14.3% to INH, 9.1% to PAS and 7.8% to SM were resistant. 3. Bacterial population among these resistant strains were observed; Complete or partial resistance on the lowest INH concentration (0.2mcg ml) was shown as mesame, but higher than that (1 mg and 5 mcg/ml) were very few. A few Completely resistant strains to PAS, SM, were observed. Most were shown as partial resistance strains. The rate was lower as the concentration of drugs was higher.
MASS RADIOGRAPHIC SURVEY AND ITS MEDICAL AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT ON EMPLOYEES OF RAILROAD GOVENMENT
Authors: Yoo K. H. , Oh P. M. , Kim Y. Z. , Lee Y. S.
Published: May 2022

The T.B. Mass survey on emplyees of railroad govenment was conducted with 70×70mm film, from which suspected cases were retaked with regular size film for further study. Through interpretation of films those taken with regular size films are classified by N.T.A. classification. Having pulmonary tuberculous employees were controlled into three groups, that is; 1. Observation cases group(this group is controlled by taking direct film for chest once or twice every year without chemotherapy. 2. Ambulatory cases group(this group is controlled at Masan railroad hospital by taking direct film for chest 3 months interval and chemotherapy. 3. Admission cases group(this group is controlled by admission at Masan railroad hospital.) 1041 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were discharged from Masan railroad hospital during 10 years period, from March 1955 to March 1965 and the analysis of these cases are briefly summarized; as follows: (1) 1041 cases were discharged during 10 years period, form March 1955 to March 1965. (2) Morbidity of 1.8% of pulmonary tuberculosis of the railroad employees was observed. (3) A total of 237 cases(22.8%) were operated upon for pulmonary tuberculosis. (4) 42 cases(4%) of whom total 1041 discharged cases was non pulmonary tuberculosis. (5) 836 cases(80.3%) were discharged as inactive pulmonary tuberculosis. (6) 5 cases(2.1%) was relapsed of whom total 237 cases were operated upon for pulmonary tuberculosis. (7) A total 31 cases (3%) were re-admitted due to deterioraion of pulmonary tuberculosis.
A SOCIO-MEDICAL SURVEY ON PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS CASES NEWLY DIAGNOSED
Authors: Bang Ki Moon
Published: May 2022

A socio-medical survey was carried out on 603 cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis who had been diagnosed by means of X-ray examination at Health Centers and the Clini of the Seoul Branch of the Korean National Tuberculosis Association During the period from 5 September to 5 November, 1965. 1. Newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis cases were more prevalent in 30~39 years of age group with 29.2%. Regarding extent of the pulmonary lesion among the newly confirmed 603 cases, 25.7% were in the minimal stage, 34.7% moderately advanced, and 39.6% far advanced according to U.S.A. - NTA classification. 2. Among the total number of patients, laborers and production process workers showed the highest rate with 18.2%. 3. The majority of the patients(about 85%) were living in poor economic conditions and 47.9% patients had families to support. The type of house in which the majority of cases were living was board-framed and the typical Korean type of dwelling house was accounted with 30%. 4. The majority of new TB cases had heard or read some information on tuberculosis from Health Centres, newspapers and magazines. 5. the patients who had been initially diagnosed at Health Centers without previous TB history were 47.4% of the fottal TB patients. Among the reasons for visiting Health Centers, hospitals and clinics etc., the patients with symptoms were accounted with 45.9%. 6. Cechst pain was the most frequent symptom; 42.6% among those patients had their symptom and 29.2% had no symptom. 7. It was confirmed that 10.3% of the patients already had precious TB history among their family and 3.5% had some members of family who had died of TB. 8. Among 603 cases, 145 TB cases had 2,851 family members who were living in the same rooms and those who were sharing alone in one room was 5.8%. 9. As the extent of the disacase was advanced hose-hold contacts among these patients were more numerous. It was found that 42.4% of family members were in contact with far advanced cases. Among children under five years of age living with patients, contacts with far advanced cases occupied 4.8%. 10. It was demonstrated that 17.4% of the patients wished to pay for treatments, and 11.1% for home treatments. Furthermore, 54.4% desired free treatments through the authorities concerned.
PSYCHOSOMATIC STUDIES OF KOREAN TUBERCULOUS PATIENTS Part I. Studies of the Personality Tuberculous Patients
Authors: Peang Kap-Joo
Published: May 2022

No abstract available
RECOVERABILITY OF A.F.B, FROM RESECTED PULMONARY TUBERCULOUS LESI0NS
Authors: Park Han Chul , Cho Du Hun , Kim Hyung Kyu , Rhee Pil Woo , Suh Dong  Yong
Published: May 2022

The recoverability of A.F.B. by smear and/or culture of resected tuberculosis Pulmonary lesions was evaluated in a series of 87 patients. (1) The incidence of recoverability of A.F.B by smear was 89.5% and by culture 47.1%. (2) The incidence of recoverability of A.F.B. was higher in cavitary lesions than in non-cavitary lesions. (3) The incidence of recoverability of A.F.B. by culture of the resected cavitary lesions decreased with increase of the duration of preoperative durg therapy up to 5 to 6 months. Prolongation of the duration of preoperative drug therapy beyond this point resulted in an increased incidence of culturability of A.F.B. from resected specimens. The incidence of recoverability of A.F.B. in cavitary lesions by smear was 84.25% and by culture was 50.00% at the point of 7~12 months chemotherapy. (4) When the cavity was large(more than 2 cm. in diameter), the recoverability of A.F.B. by smear and culture was increased a little bit.
A Case of Primary Tumor of the Pericadium
Authors: Park Yang Hwa , Chung Jin Taek , Lee Yong Ho
Published: May 2022

This 36 years old officer, captain, was admitted to our hospital, because of epigastric distress, anorexia and indigestion at first, but, recently for shortness of breath and edema of lower extremities, under physical examination. there was decreased breathing sound on the left lower lung field, and dullness on percussion. By X-ray, there was homogenous density on the left lower 2/3 lung field. Pericardiocentesis was performed and aspirated serosa- nguinous field about 300 cc.Three days later, thoracotomy was performed. Finally angioendothelioma of pericardium was diagnosed. by microscopically examination, with specimen removed. by pericardiectomy. After various conservative and symptomatic treatment for I week, he was expired. Also the literature was reviewed and discussed briefly.
ARTIFlClAL PNEUMOTHORAX IN CHEMOTHERAPY FAILURE CASES
Authors: Chung Hae Yong , Kim Jae Won , Lee Jung Hee , Oh sang Baik , Kim Pyung Ki
Published: May 2022

1) In 31 Cavitary tuberculosis patients who failed to heal by chemotherapeutics. artificial pneumothorax was performed together with the regimens for two to twelve months.2) successful result in cavity closure and negative conversion was obtained in two third of cases having no pleural adhesion and in one third of cases having pleural adhesion. No remarkable side reaction was seen.Only minimal pleural effusion in twelve cases and partial atelectasis in one case was seen and all disappeared after the treatment was discontinued.3) Artificial pneumothorax is useful selectively for drug resistant, cavitary lesion which is inadequate for surgery, and as an efficient hoemostyptic in single cavilary lesion.
203HG NEOHYDRIN RENAL SCANNING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF RENAL TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Moon Hyo Joong
Published: May 2022

On the basis of study on 18 cases with renal tuberculosis diagnostic significance of the renal scanning using 203Hgneohydrin was reviewed in comparison with the finding of I.V.P.1. Renal scanning on 5 kidneys with tuberculosis, belongs to medium-sized lesion according to Lattimer's classification, disclosed excellent uptake, almost normal pattern and average 15.7% reduction of parenchymal tissue.2. Renal scanning on 5 kidneys with tuberculosis, belongs to large lesion according to Lattimer's classification, disclosed excellent or good uptake with irregular pattern, multiple less concentrated areas and average 34.3% reduction of parenchymal tissue.3.Renal scanning on 6 kidneys with tuberculosis, non-visualized on I.V.P. disclosed absent uptak in the half cases and marked or considerable decrease in functioning parenchymal tissue with irregular pattern in the another half cases.4. Renal scanning on 4 cases with tuberculosis of solitary kidney, showing hydronephrotic change on I.V.P. disclosed excellent uptake with normal pattern and the size was 70.5 cm2 in average.5. In 2 kidneys out of 10 kidneys with tuberculosis belongs to medium-sized and large session according to Lattimer's classification. renal scanning disclosed advanced destructive change of parenchymal tissue adjacent to affected calyx.6. In 7 cases out of 11 cases with unilateral renal tuberculosis. visualized normally I.V.P. renal scanning on the opposite kidney disclosed normal pattern but is the remaining cases irregular pattern with normal uptakeand size. Further study is necessitated to determine the presence of the change in the supposedly normal kidney.7. As mentioned above the finding of renal scanning is not always consistent with I.V.P. It was considered batter than I.V.P. and renal scanning should be done simultaneously for diagnosis of renal tuberculosis, because the I.V.P. depicts the collecting system well in contrast to renal scanning which depicts the status of functional parenchymal tissue well.
STUDY OF ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIA
Authors: Lee Moo Won
Published: May 2022

Sputum from eight hundred and seventy five patients, who were diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis x-ray were examined for acid-fast bacilli from July 10. 1966 to Sept. 20. 1966. The results were as follows: Two hundred patients (27.7% )were positive for acid-fast bacilli: among them, 6.5% showed atypical mycobacteria. These atypical mycobacteria were classified according to the Runyoun's Method, and the percentage of photochromogens, scotochromogens nonchromogens and rapid grower were 15.4, 7.7, 53.3, and 23, respectively.Incidense of resistance to three major antituberculous drugs for these atypical mycobacteria to SM(10r), PAS(10r), AND lNH(1r), were 61.5%, 76.7%, and 84,6%, respectively.
Waist Circumference and Body Mass Index Variability and Incident Diabetic Microvascular Complications: A Post Hoc Analysis of ACCORD Trial
Authors: Hukportie Daniel Nyarko , Li Fu-Rong , Zhou Rui , Zheng Jia-Zhen , Wu Xiao-Xiang , Wu Xian-Bo
Published: May 2022

Background: Obesity is associated with adverse health events among diabetic patients, however, the relationship between obesity fluctuation and risk of microvascular complications among this specific population is unclear. We aimed to examine the effect of waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) variability on the risk of diabetic microvascular outcomeMethods: Annually recorded anthropometric data in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study was used to examine the association of WC and BMI variability defined as variability independent of mean, with the risk of microvascular outcomes, including neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov., no. NCT00000620).Results: There were 4,031, 5,369, and 2,601 cases of neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy during a follow-up period of 22,524, 23,941, and 23,850 person-years, respectively. Higher levels of WC and BMI variability were associated with an increased risk of neuropathy. Compared with the lowest quartile, the fully-adjusted HR (95% CI) for the highest quartile of WC and BMI variability for neuropathy risk were 1.21 (1.05 to 1.40) and 1.16 (1.00 to 1.33), respectively. Also, higher quartiles of BMI variability but not WC variability were associated with increased risk of nephropathic events. The fully-adjusted HR (95% CI) for the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile of BMI variability was 1.31 (1.18 to 1.46). However, the results for retinopathic events were all insignificant.Conclusion: Among participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus, WC and BMI variability were associated with a higher risk of neuropathic events, whereas BMI variability was associated with an increased risk of nephropathic events.
A pilot open-label study of oral acetazolamide for sodium valproate-associated weight gain in bipolar affective disorder
Authors: Panicker Mathews Joseph , Kakunje Anil , Nimgaonkar Vishwajit L. , Deshpande Smita , Bhatia Triptish , Sathyanath Shashwath
Published: May 2022

Background:

Bipolar affective disorder (BD) is a chronic recurrent disorder having a definite link with metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Drugs approved for the treatment of BD include sodium valproate but have weight gain as a metabolic side effect. An increase in weight is one of the common reasons for discontinuation of mood stabilizers. There is a need for a weight loss agent which will not increase mood symptoms in bipolar disorder. This study looks at the effect of acetazolamide on weight when combined with sodium valproate in patients diagnosed with BD in remission.

Materials and Methods:

This pilot quasi-experimental open-label 8-week follow-up study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital following clearance from the institutional ethics committee. Thirteen outpatients with BD who reported weight gain on sodium valproate monotherapy received oral acetazolamide 500 mg/day. A specialized pro forma was used to record demographic and physical data with side effects.

Results:

The mean baseline weight was 70.15 ± 8.75 kg and the mean baseline body mass index was 25.09 ± 2.61. The mean sodium valproate dose of the study population was 692 mg/day. Ten of 11 individuals who completed the study showed some reduction in weight and nine showed a slight decrease in abdominal girths.

Conclusion:

There was a nonsignificant decrease in weight and abdominal circumferences at the end of 8 weeks, however, since it is a small pilot study, we need more evidence.
Stress effect of COVID-19 pandemic among Egyptian children and adolescents with malignancy
Authors: Elraheem Ali Heba G.A. , Aziz Asmaa W.A. , Abdelmageed Reham I. , Sayed Safa M.
Published: May 2022

Background

Thoughts and feelings of stress and worry are common for any person facing the challenges of a serious illness.

Aim

The aim was to assess the effect of COVID-19 on the psychological well-being of patients with malignancy compared with age-matched and sex-matched controls and to compare the psychological effect of COVID-19 with the psychological effect of malignancy among the patient group.

Patients and methods

This case–control study included 46 participants diagnosed with malignancy who were compared with 45 healthy age-matched and sex-matched individuals serving as a control group. Their ages were more than 8 years. All patients and controls were subjected to history taking with an emphasis on age, sex, educational level, history of chronic medical illness in the family, disease status, physical symptoms during the last 14 days, and data about COVID-19 infection. The psychological effect was measured using the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale Crises-13.

Results

Mean age of the patient group was 11.76±3.31 years. There were 30 male and 16 female in the case group, who were compared with 45 age-matched and sex-matched healthy children and adolescents. There was a significantly higher prevalence of psychological stressful effect among the healthy children group than the oncological pediatric patients. The psychological effect related to malignancy diagnosis was significantly higher than the psychological effect related to COVID-19.

Conclusion

COVID-19 pandemic is a stressful event; however, the psychological effect related to cancer diagnosis among the oncological patients showed a higher stressful effect.
Significance of leukocyte β-glucocerebrosidase and plasma chitotriosidase in patients with β-thalassemia major
Authors: Dursun Fadime E.
Published: May 2022

Objective

β-thalassemia major (β-TM) is an autosomal-recessive condition with various clinical presentations, including anemia, splenomegaly, and skeletal and cardiac involvement. The aim of this study was to analyze leukocyte β-glucocerebrosidase (β-GBA) levels and plasma chitotriosidase (PCT) activity in patients with β-TM and to determine the significance of these two enzymes in this disease.

Patients and methods

This study included 40 patients, 18–55 years of age, who were under follow-up for β-TM in our clinic. Physical examination, ECG, echocardiography, laboratory findings, and the results of imaging tests obtained during routine control visits were recorded. Leukocyte β-GBA and PCT activity levels were analyzed in the blood using fluorometric methods.

Results

The average age of the 40 patients, which included 24 (60%) women and 16 (40%) men, was 28.5±7.8 years. Leukocyte β-GBA levels were below 2.5 nmol/mg/h in 15 patients, and PCT activity was above 200 μmol/l/h in 10 patients. A positive correlation was detected for leukocyte β-GBA enzyme levels with cardiac T2* (P=0.024); however, a negative correlation was detected with intraventricular septum thickness (P=0.029) and left heart posterior wall thickness (P=0.030).

Conclusion

Lower leukocyte β-GBA levels and higher PCT activity may be present in patients with β-TM. There may be an increase in cardiac iron load, intraventricular septum thickness, and left ventricle posterior wall thickness, especially in patients with lower leukocyte β-GBA levels and higher PCT activity. Therefore, leukocyte β-GBA levels and PCT activity may be associated with cardiac complications in patients with β-TM.
High-flow nasal cannula oxygenation in comparison with apnoeic oxygenation during foreign body removal by rigid bronchoscopy: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Twab Samar M. Abdel , Abdo Fagr F. , Derh Maha S. El
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims:

This trial aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of oxygenation using a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) compared with the standard apnoeic oxygenation technique during foreign body (FB) removal by a rigid bronchoscope.

Methods:

A prospective, blinded, randomised, controlled trial was conducted on subjects planned for FB removal by a rigid bronchoscope. Inclusion criteria were male and female patients aged between 10 and 40 years. The primary outcome was the lowest oxygen saturation level monitored by pulse oximeter during the procedure, and the secondary outcome was the incidence of postoperative atelectasis.

Results:

Nearly 64 patients were randomised into either HFNC oxygenation (N = 32) or apnoeic oxygenation (N = 32) group. There were no significant differences between the studied groups regarding age, gender, weight, or cardiovascular variables. Intraoperative oxygen saturation was 4% higher in the HFNC group at different times. The end-tidal carbon dioxide measured on induction and after termination by 15 min showed no significant differences between the two groups; however, it was significantly higher in the apnoeic oxygenation group immediately after the procedure, after 5 min, and after 10 min of termination. No adverse effects from the increased end-tidal carbon dioxide were reported.

Conclusion:

HFNC was superior to apnoeic oxygenation technique in maintaining oxygenation status in patients undergoing rigid bronchoscopy for FB removal.
Influence of Manufacturing Technique on Marginal Fit of Cobalt Chromium Restorations
Authors: Sarda Abhishek S. , Bedia Sumit V.
Published: May 2022

Background:

For porcelain fused to metal restorations, computer-aided designing (CAD) / computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems claim to provide improved marginal fit than conventional casting systems.

Aim:

The present in-vitro study was conducted to compare the marginal fit of cobalt-chromium alloy copings fabricated with milled wax/lost wax, CAD/CAM milling/sintering and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) techniques.

Materials and Method:

A metal die simulating a prepared tooth was fabricated and scanned using an optical scanner. A standardized coping design was used to manufacture 30 alloy copings divided into three groups of ten copings each i.e., milled wax/lost wax, milling/sintering and DMLS. A modified replica technique was used to measure the silicone film thickness at four pre-designated points on the margin under a digital stereo-microscope.

Statistical Analysis:

The mean values for marginal gap were compared using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey-Kramer test for all pair-wise comparisons.

Results:

The mean marginal gap values obtained by using milled wax/lost wax technique, milling/sintering technique and DMLS technique were 88.44 μm, 61.135 μm and 55.39 μm, respectively. One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference for marginal fit between the lost wax group and the other two test groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The cobalt-chromium alloy copings fabricated using DMLS techniques displayed significantly better marginal fit than the milled wax/lost wax technique which may contribute to their improved clinical performance. DMLS technique produces restorations with an improved marginal fit and may be preferred by clinicians over milling and conventional casting techniques.
Efficacy of Marine Algal Extracts against Oral Pathogens - A Systematic Review
Authors: Murugaboopathy Vikneshan , Saravankumar R , Mangaiyarkarasi R , Kengadaran Shivashankar , Samuel SR , Rajeshkumar S
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Marine algae possess a plethora of secondary active metabolites which has many biomedical applications. Anti-bacterial activity against oral cariogenic bacteria is reported in literature, however there is no comprehensive review available. Hence, this review is attempted to collate all the evidence available regarding the marine algal extracts and its constituents against oral cariogenic bacteria.

Methods:

Electronic search was conducted in the Google scholar, the Pubmed database and various clinical trial registries. Included studies were clinical, in-vitro studies assessing DMFT, DMFS, minimum inhibitory concentration or colony forming unit counts.

Result:

A total of 19 trials were obtained out of which only 7 were eligible for this review. Quality assessment was done by Higgins and Greens (2011) method. Results showed all the studies where they used crude algal extracts or its active constituents were showing anti-bacterial activity.

Conclusion:

Thus, this review showed that marine algal extracts and other constituents are having anti-microbial properties, making them potential anti-microbial agents for oral hygiene maintenance without adverse effects of currently available chemical based oral care products.
A Comparative Evaluation of Colour Stability of Different Resin Cements and its Influence on the Final Shade of All-Ceramic Restorations
Authors: Khalap Suraj D. , Wadkar Pooja P. , Dugal Ramandeep , Madanshetty Pallavi , Gupta Abhishek
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Colour changes of the luting material can become clinically visible affecting the aesthetic appearance of thin ceramic veneers. Therefore, unfortunately, the long-term success of veneers is tied to the colour stability of the luting agent used to cement them.

Aim:

To compare the colour stability of different resin cements and its influence on the final shade of overlying ceramic using two different thicknesses of ceramic.

Material and Methodology:

Sixty disc-shaped specimens of high translucency (HT) A2 shade of two thicknesses (0.5 mm & 1 mm) were prepared from lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. The discs of each thickness were further divided into three groups randomly depending upon the resin cements used. Group A – light cure resin cement – Variolink N LC by Ivoclar Vivadent in clear shade, Group B – base paste of dual-cure resin cement – Variolink N by Ivoclar Vivadent in transparent shade and Group C dual-cure resin cement – Clearfil esthetic cement EX by Kuraray in clear shade were used to compare their colour stability. A spectrophotometer was used for the colour measurements of the specimens before and after accelerated ageing. The colour stability was determined by colour differences (ΔE) using the coordinates L*, a* and b* in the pre and post accelerated ageing. Results: On comparing the three resin cements, Group A showed the lowest ΔE, whereas the highest ΔE was observed in Group B. This finding was constant for discs of both thicknesses.

Conclusion:

Even though statistically significant results were observed between the groups, they were not visibly differentiable.
The Time Taken for Retrieval of Separated Instrument and the Change in Root Canal Volume after Two Different Techniques Using Cbct
Authors: Kumar Balu Santhosh , Krishnamoorthy Sridevi , Shanmugam Sandhya , PradeepKumar Angambakkam Rajasekharan
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Retrieval of separated instrument from a root canal may lead to increased dentin loss and prolonged treatment time.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the retrieval time and increase in root canal volume after instrument retrieval with two retrieval techniques under dental operating microscope.

Materials and Methods:

Forty extracted human mandibular molars with 30°–40° mesiobuccal root canal curvature were selected based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and divided into two groups (n = 20 each). Group 1: Terauchi group (Terauchi ultrasonic tips) and Group 2: Satelec group (Satelec ET25 ultrasonic tip) based on the retrieval technique. Groups 1 and 2 were further divided into two subgroups (n = 10 each) based on the size of the separated instrument; Groups 1a and 2a with ProTaper Gold (PTG) F1 and Groups 1b and 2b with PTG F2. The time taken for retrieval was calculated and increase in root canal volume was evaluated using CBCT. Results were statistically analysed with paired t-test and post hoc analysis by Tukey's HSD test.

Results:

All separated instruments were successfully retrieved. The mean time for instrument retrieval was lower in Terauchi group than in the Satelec group (P > 0.05) but not significantly. The mean increase in total root canal volume post-retrieval as well as the mean volume corresponding to the coronal part of the separated instrument was significantly lower in Terauchi group than in Satelec group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Terauchi ultrasonic instruments resulted in reduced instrument retrieval time with lower loss of root dentin.
Quality Analysis of Extreme Learning Machine based on Cuckoo Search and Invasive Weed Optimization
Authors: Rathod Nilesh , Wankhade Sunil
Published: May 2022

This paper explicates hybrid optimization driven Extreme Machine Learning (ELM) strategy is developed with feed forward neural network (FFNN) for the classification of data and improving ELM. The pre-processing of input data is carried for the missing value imputation and transformation of data into numerical value using exponential kernel transform. The significant feature is determined using the Jaro–Winkler distance. The classification of data is done using the FFNN classifier, which is trained with the help of the hybrid optimization algorithm, namely developed modified Cuckoo Search and Invasive Weed Optimization (CSIWO) ELM. The modified CSIWO is devised by integrating the modified Cuckoo search (CS) algorithm and Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO) algorithm. The experimental results proposed in this paper show the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed CSIWO ELM method with encouraging performance compared with other ELM methods.