bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing Corrosion Protection
Authors: Pandey Yamini , Srivastava Kirti , Verma Roli
Published: July 2024

Metals and human life go hand in hand. Be it our daily household requirements or large industrial steps, it is incomplete without metals. However, with metals comes a major concern of their corrosion. Due to their interaction with the surroundings, metals get corroded and converted into their more stable forms like oxides altering their physical and chemical properties. This corrosion is a challenge for mankind and to resolve this issue nanotechnology has come to the rescue. The utilization of nanomaterials or their modified form locks the active metal sites which prevent the occurrence of corrosion. Moreover, nanomaterials impart other properties like hardness, strength, durability, etc. at low cost making them a major area of interest as corrosion inhibitors. This chapter discusses in detail the role of nanomaterials in providing resistance to corrosion with a major focus on the principle and variety of nanomaterials utilized as corrosion inhibitors.
Super-Hydrophobic Coatings as Corrosion Inhibitors
Authors: Mittal Tanu , Kant Rishi
Published: July 2024

This chapter describes the current trends of super-hydrophobic surfaces for corrosion resistance and their applications in coatings. The adversative outcome of corrosion is a widespread and serious problem resulting in the wastage of valuable resources, efficiency reduction, products, contamination, and environmental damage. Inspired by nature, super-hydrophobic surfaces may become a second source for the improvement of metal protection from corrosion. Super-hydrophobic surfaces offer great resistance to corrosion by minimizing the contact area between liquids and a surface. Super-hydrophobic surfaces have been developed artificially and are being applied in settings applications which include anti-icing, self-cleaning, oil-water separation, and particularly anti-corrosion agents.
The Development of Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 CSR Disclosure of Data
Authors: Pramanik Sabyasachi
Published: July 2024

The impact of technology developments on corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure is examined in this chapter. It looks at how different stakeholders' changing needs for CSR disclosure and the interdependent interactions between them are being shaped by the way new technologies are being used. Understanding the profound effects that technology will have on CSR disclosure as it develops is essential for both companies and society at large. The way businesses engage with stakeholders has been significantly impacted by the development of Internet technology at every step, from the pre-Internet period to Web 2.0. This chapter will critically analyze how technology has transformed CSR disclosure and how stakeholder interaction has been shaped by these technological advancements. Additionally, this chapter offers solutions for related problems in the age of social media.
Economic Impact of RegTech Compliance
Authors: Iyenghar Padma
Published: July 2024

This chapter explores the economic implications of Regulatory Technology (RegTech) compliance in the context of Industry 4.0, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), cybersecurity, and functional safety. While RegTech offers significant economic benefits, concerns persist regarding implementation costs, regulatory uncertainties, and cybersecurity risks. This chapter conducts a comprehensive economic analysis of RegTech adoption, highlighting both positive and negative impacts on organizational performance. By examining the intersection of RegTech with Industry 4.0, CPS, and functional safety, this chapter provides actionable insights for navigating regulatory complexities. Future research avenues include exploring emerging technologies, regulatory sandbox frameworks, ethical and legal implications, and global regulatory convergence in RegTech. Overall, this chapter lays the groundwork for understanding the economic dynamics of RegTech adoption, empowering organizations to drive sustainable growth in a regulated business environment.
The Importance of Fintech in Promoting Regulatory Compliance in Major Fintech Subsectors
Authors: Agrawal Manali , Irfan Mohammad , Goyal Anjali
Published: July 2024

Fintech, which combines the words “financial” and “technology,” refers to the integration of new technical developments with financial industry goods and services. The phrase refers to a quickly expanding sector that meets the needs of both companies and consumers in a variety of ways. Fintech offers a seemingly limitless range of uses, from cryptocurrencies and investment apps to mobile banking and insurance. Fintech is an essential component because of our increasing reliance on technology, large data sets, intricate networks of financial institutions, and affordable IT solutions like process automation software. The regulatory environment and industry have changed due to the growing use of FinTech solutions. Businesses that implement fintech are guaranteed to provide end customers with a secure environment in addition to good risk management. Digital payments, digital lending, InsurTech, and WealthTech are some of the major Fintech subsectors. In the upcoming years, each of these sectors is expected to have a significant uptrend.
Internationalization Strategies
Authors: Moreira António Carrizo , Simões Adriana , Sousa Ana Sofia , Martins João Gonçalo
Published: July 2024

This chapter explores the internationalization path of ALPHA, a family-owned, medium-sized Portuguese company. The analysis reveals a two-stage process. Initially, ALPHA's gradual market entry aligns with the Uppsala model, prioritizing geographically close markets and leveraging accumulated experience. However, later stages demonstrate network-based theory influences. While lacking formal networks, ALPHA prioritizes strong B2B relationships with large international clients, mirroring network bridges for market access. The case highlights the importance of trust-based B2B relationships for success. ALPHA leverages these partnerships to gain market knowledge and access new opportunities. Exporting plays a vital role, keeping ALPHA updated on technological trends and fostering innovation through diverse client projects. The company prioritizes a pragmatic approach focused on strong client relationships and win-win partnerships, emphasizing trust as a key resource. While the RBV perspective highlights investment in internal resources, reliance on intermediaries introduces limitations.
Synergizing Fashion Design and Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Xiaohan Zhang , Zur Rohana
Published: July 2024

This chapter examines the integration of fashion design education with innovative entrepreneurship education in response to the contemporary socio-economic demands of the global fashion industry. By interweaving different theories, it articulates a theoretical foundation for a cohesive approach that aims to enhance the entrepreneurial capacities of fashion design students. The first section introduces the evolving landscape of the fashion industry, marked by technological advancements, shifting market dynamics, and sustainable practices. Subsequent analysis reveals the impact of an integrated curriculum on cultivating entrepreneurial intentions, as evidenced by a longitudinal study in Shandong. Strategies for implementing this integrated approach emphasize the creation of a curriculum that mirrors the symbiotic relationship of a DNA double helix, with fashion design and entrepreneurship education as inseparable strands. The innovative educational model is posited as essential for developing the multifaceted skill set required for aspiring fashion entrepreneurs to thrive in industry.
The Impact of Value Co-Creation of the NAIFEST Exhibition on the Perceived Value of INDOBUILDTECH 2022 Exhibitors
Authors: Sasri Sakanti , Kusumastuti Retno
Published: July 2024

This research study discusses the impact of NAIFEST exhibition co-creation value on the perceived value of IndoBuildTech 2022 exhibitors. Co-creation is a strategy made to provide easy access for IndoBuildTech exhibitors to meet and interact with SME architects who are one of the main targets of IndoBuildTech expo visitors. Authors use the concept of the DART framework (dialogue, access, risk assessment, and transparency) as a dimension of value co-creation to determine the factors that affect the perceived value of IndoBuildTech 2022 exhibitors with price and quality dimensions. The findings in this study prove that there is an impact of the DART dimension that affects the value of the co-creation of the NAIFEST exhibition on the perceived quality of IndoBuildTech 2022 exhibitors. Meanwhile, the risk assessment dimension consistently does not affect the co-creation value of the NAIFEST exhibition on the perceived price and quality of IndoBuildTech 2022 exhibitors.
Modeling Service Quality and Religiosity Towards the Implementation of the Principles of Trust and Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Sari Nilam , Safitri Winny Dian Winny , Rinaldi Riski , Hasnita Nevi , Auliandhana Maisya
Published: July 2024

Satisfaction is a feeling that arises, happy or disappointed, after seeing the results of a product that meets expectations. Basically, consumers will choose goods that are cheap and of good quality. Then there are other things that influence this, namely service quality and religiosity. In the practice of buying and selling, the principle of trust is also applied. When carrying out the practice of buying and selling, both traders and consumers must have the same nature of trust. This research aims to analyze the influence of service quality and religiosity on the application of the principles of trust and customer satisfaction with a case study at the electronic store using probability sampling techniques. The analytical method in this research uses structural equation modeling (SEM) PLS. The customer satisfaction model shows that the service variable influences the implementation of trust and satisfaction, while the trust variable influences customer satisfaction.
Precision Maintenance With PARM and Augmented Reality for Asset Optimization
Authors: Dhinakaran D. , Jagadish Kumar N. , Raja Brundha A. , N. Subiksha , T. Karpagam
Published: July 2024

The domain of equipment maintenance and asset management faces challenges related to minimizing downtime, optimizing asset performance, and reducing maintenance costs. Traditional maintenance approaches often rely on reactive strategies, leading to costly downtime and suboptimal asset performance. Moreover, the complexity of modern equipment necessitates innovative solutions for efficient maintenance and asset management. This study aims to revolutionize equipment maintenance and asset management by introducing precision maintenance, a proactive approach that integrates predictive AR maintenance (PARM) with augmented reality (AR) technology. The authors propose the PARM framework, which leverages real-time data from IoT sensors, predictive analytics, and immersive AR interfaces to enable technicians to perform maintenance tasks with unprecedented precision and efficiency. By predicting potential failures and providing real-time guidance through AR interfaces, Precision Maintenance empowers organizations to optimize asset performance and minimize downtime.
Eco-Virtual as the Role of Virtual Reality Transformations in Environmental Engineering
Authors: A. Ashwini , G. Preemi , P. M. Ansho
Published: July 2024

With the emergence of VR, a new opportunity was opened for discussion in many sectors, including environmental engineering. This chapter addresses the integration of the virtual reality within the environmental sustainability, and how the application of VR technology has disrupted the environmental engineering field by aiding architects and engineers in their designs and assessments of any built environment. VR empowers engineers to work through tagged models and make eco-friendly decisions. It is also worth mentioning that in contrast to the real world, VR is capable of simulating complex interactions with the environment and visualizing real-time effects, which can be regarded as an advantage. It is evident that through the use of VR platforms, it is possible to mimic some settings that are risky to students and professionals to enact on while practice. The chapter concludes by highlighting further development and research in the VR industry that can make way for more sophisticated technology integration to environmental engineering, thereby aiding in the global sustainable goals.
Integrating AR and VR With New Technologies Like AI, IoT, and Blockchain for Engineering Application
Authors: Basak Ranabir , Chatterjee Parag , Molla Izazul Haque , Paul Prabhat , Kar Shankhadwip
Published: July 2024

The integration of AR and VR with cutting-edge technologies, such as AI, IoT, and blockchain, presents a paradigm shift in the field of engineering. This chapter delves into the synergistic potential of combining AR and VR with AI, IoT, and blockchain and their impact on various engineering domains. The utilization of AR and VR technologies in engineering facilitates immersive visualization, simulation, prototyping and training methodologies. AI algorithms enhance immersive experiences by enabling intelligent data analysis, predictive modelling, and contextual decision-making. The integration of IoT devices with AR and VR environments creates interconnected ecosystems, enabling real-time monitoring and optimization of engineering systems. Blockchain technology enhances security, transparency, and traceability in engineering operations. The chapter highlights emerging trends, innovative use cases, and future directions for research and development in interdisciplinary domains highlighting their potential to revolutionize traditional engineering practices.
A Technological Paradigm Shift for Enhancing Equipment Maintenance and Asset Management Through Augmented Reality
Authors: S. Suhasini , J. C. Divya , M. Sankara Mahalingam , N. Ramshankar , A. Pandiaraj
Published: July 2024

Augmented reality (AR) has emerged as a transformative technology in the realm of equipment maintenance and asset management. This chapter investigates the potential of AR in revolutionizing traditional maintenance practices and optimizing asset management processes. By overlaying digital information onto the physical world, AR provides real-time insights, enhances situational awareness, and facilitates remote collaboration. Through case studies and examples, this paper explores the practical applications of AR in diverse industries, highlighting its ability to streamline maintenance tasks, improve asset visibility, and reduce operational downtime. Furthermore, it discusses implementation challenges, future trends, and the implications of AR as a technological paradigm shift in equipment maintenance and asset management.
Threat Matrix
Authors: S. Prabakeran , T. Sethukarasi , V. Indumathi
Published: July 2024

Traditional cybersecurity training methods often fail to keep pace with the rapidly evolving threat landscape, necessitating innovative approaches. AR technology overlays digital information onto the real world, creating immersive simulations that mimic real-world cyberattacks. This experiential learning enables trainees to apply theoretical knowledge and develop critical decision-making skills in high-pressure scenarios. The primary objectives of AR-based training include enhanced realism, improved response times, continuous learning opportunities, and personalized instruction. Key components for developing effective AR training systems—hardware, software, and content creation—are detailed. Challenges in implementing AR in cybersecurity training, such as ensuring simulation realism and managing high computational demands, are discussed. Case studies illustrate the practical benefits of AR in training, such as phishing awareness and network defense skills.
Human-AI Collaboration in Industry 5
Authors: Darwish Dina
Published: July 2024

Industry 4.0 primarily centers around widespread digitalization, whereas Industry 5.0 aims to combine modern technologies with human actors, emphasizing a value-driven strategy rather than a technology-centric one. The primary goals of the Industry 5.0 paradigm, which were not emphasized in Industry 4.0, highlight the importance of not only digitizing production but also ensuring its resilience, sustainability, and human-centeredness. Industry 5.0 is a project focused on value rather than technology, aiming to promote technological transformation with a specific goal in mind. In industry 5.0, which focuses on real-world applications of AI-based technology such service robots, the usage of AI is clearly seen in several sectors like tourism, education, manufacturing, and retail. Recent research highlights the importance of interactions between humans and machines, and how they contribute to creating value by enhancing their own capacities. The primary objective of human-machine collaboration is to enhance the well-being of stakeholders, including consumers, employees, and society. This chapter focuses on human -machine collaboration, practical implementation of human-AI collaboration, review of literature on human-AEI frameworks, advantages and disadvantages of collaboration between human and AI, human- AI collaboration in education and finally comes the conclusion.
Emotional Intelligence and Collaborative Dynamics in Industry 5.0 for Human-Machine Interactions
Authors: Singh Shivani , Rai Mritunjay , Pandey Jay Kumar , Saxena Abhishek Kumar
Published: July 2024

Industry 5.0 represents a new paradigm that emphasizes the integration of human capabilities with advanced technologies to enhance productivity and innovation. This chapter explores the intersection of human-machine collaboration and emotional intelligence within the context of Industry 5.0. This chapter provides the significance of emotional intelligence in fostering effective human-machine interactions and proposes frameworks for leveraging emotional cues to optimize collaboration in Industry 5.0 environments. This chapter analyzes existing research and technological advancements in artificial emotional intelligence to support our arguments. This chapter presents case studies and figures to illustrate the practical implications of emotional intelligence in human-machine collaboration within Industry 5.0. The development of machine learning techniques has made a big difference in the field of detecting human emotions. These techniques allow computers to automatically recognize emotional states from different types of data, like speech, facial expressions, and physiological signals.
Human-Machine Collaboration and Emotional Intelligence in Industry 5.0
Authors: Vajravelu Ashok , Thanikachalam Yamunarani , Wahab Mohd Helmy Bin Abd , Jamil Muhammad Mahadi Bin Abdul , Sivaranjani S.
Published: July 2024

The fifth industrial revolution offers personalized job-seeking experiences, focusing on societal well-being beyond just job creation and growth. Industry 5.0 prioritizes sustainable production and worker safety, shifting from tech-centric approaches of Industry 4.0. This revolution emphasizes human-centric practices over dehumanization and technical advancements. It highlights the importance of soft skills like emotional intelligence in preparing the workforce for Industry 5.0. Understanding these skills can enhance staff readiness for the new era, emphasizing the role of emotional intelligence in workforce development for Industry 5.0's human-centered approach.
Humanizing Technology
Authors: Sharma Durgansh , Nagariya Ramji , Tiwari Akhilesh , Rajendran Vijayalaxmi , Jindal Mani
Published: July 2024

This investigation underscores the importance of humanizing technology within the healthcare sector, with a specific focus on the significant role of emotional intelligence in shaping the interactions between patients and healthcare providers, particularly in the context of advancing healthcare technology. By integrating empathy into medical interfaces and devices, the user experience is fundamentally grounded in human aspects. The study delves into firsthand experiences of patients using emotionally intelligent healthcare solutions that not only meet their medical needs but also address the emotional complexities of illness and recovery. The integration of emotional sensitivity in medical technology strives to enhance patient comfort and foster more open and communicative relationships between healthcare providers and recipients. Moreover, the research presents a framework for emotional intelligence in healthcare technology, encompassing elements such as emotional recognition, response, and management. This framework is designed to promote a culture of patient understanding and support, enabling healthcare technology to adapt to the emotional requirements of patients. In the ever-evolving healthcare landscape, it is essential to recognize the profound impact of embedding empathy in medical technology, ultimately shaping a more empathetic future for healthcare interactions.
Ethical and Privacy Considerations in Artificial Emotional Intelligence Deployment
Authors: Goel Pawan Kumar
Published: July 2024

The deployment of Artificial Emotional Intelligence (AEI) systems in various sectors raises significant ethical and privacy concerns that must be addressed to ensure responsible and secure implementation. This chapter explores the ethical and privacy considerations inherent in AEI deployment, focusing on issues such as informed consent, emotional manipulation, bias, and user privacy. By reviewing existing literature and identifying gaps and limitations in current approaches, the chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges faced in this emerging field. The proposed methodology outlines a robust framework for addressing these concerns, incorporating innovative strategies to enhance transparency, accountability, and user trust. The findings highlight the complexities and potential risks associated with AEI, offering insights into mitigating these risks while maximizing the benefits of AEI technologies. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the broader implications of AEI, suggesting future research directions and applications to further develop ethical and privacy-conscious AEI systems.
Alzheimer's Diagnosis
Authors: V. Harshini , S. M. Sweatha , Shunmugam K. Senthil , R. Saraswathi Meena
Published: July 2024

Alzheimer's disease poses a serious threat to world health, affecting millions of people, due to its irreversible nature. Accurate diagnosis and early detection are essential. This book chapter analyses the OASIS longitudinal dataset and delivers thorough research using machine learning (ML) techniques. The goal of this research is to accurately forecast the development of dementia, offering a proactive strategy to address the rising incidence of Alzheimer's. Through the analysis of a variety of variables, such as clinical evaluations and socioeconomic status, we identify trends influencing the illness. The chapter covers preprocessing, eight machine learning methods, hybrid deep learning techniques and exploratory data analysis, emphasising the effectiveness of random forest and AdaBoost. Surprisingly, 98.5% accuracy is achieved in deep learning using artificial neural networks. This chapter provides a comprehensive knowledge, bridging the gap between early prediction and personalised intervention in Alzheimer's disease, culminating in a predictive dashboard.
Unraveling Dominant Amino Acid Sequences in Cancer Patients
Authors: R. Kalaiyarasi
Published: July 2024

This research endeavors to revolutionize precision oncology by leveraging deep learning methodologies to unravel dominant amino acid sequences in cancer patients. The study aims to identify and characterize these sequences, elucidating their potential as biomarkers and targets for personalized therapeutic interventions. By integrating genomic and proteomic data through advanced deep learning algorithms, the research seeks to enhance our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of cancer, ultimately paving the way for more effective and tailored treatments. The primary objectives include employing high-throughput sequencing technologies and mass spectrometry for comprehensive genomic and proteomic profiling of cancer tissues. Deep learning models will be applied to analyze the resulting multi-omics data, with a focus on identifying dominating amino acid sequences across diverse cancer types. The research will also investigate the association between these sequences and clinical parameters, such as tumor stage, treatment response, and patient outcomes.
Time Series Analysis and Forecasting
Authors: M. Saravana Kumar , R. Saraswathi Meena , R. Narmadha , P. K. Tejaswini
Published: July 2024

This chapter investigates improving sales forecasting accuracy in the pharmaceutical sector, especially at individual pharmacies. It compares modern time-series techniques with traditional Naïve models using six years of data from a single drugstore. The study outlines a structured process for analysis and forecasting, addressing industry-specific challenges. It also extends to predicting drug prices for marketing campaigns, highlighting the advantages of integrating advanced forecasting methods and pricing dynamics. Moreover, it discusses the implications of forecasting on inventory management, aiding in better stock control and reducing wastage. Additionally, the chapter explores the potential impact of accurate sales forecasting on strategic decision-making, enabling proactive responses to market changes and competitor actions.
Adaptive Online STEAM Education
Authors: Torres-Coronas Teresa
Published: July 2024

This chapter outlines the findings of national focus group discussions, as part of a European Erasmus Plus project. It examines the evolution of STEAM education, shaped by online teaching methods during the COVID-19 pandemic. The chapter includes a literature review, research methodology, and an in-depth data analysis. Key themes include the impact of online teaching on STEAM subjects, adaptive teaching, and the skills and requirements necessary in this educational field. The chapter captures the perspectives of students, teachers and technical staff. It summarizes the challenges and potential of online STEAM education.
Designing a Flipped Learning Model-Based Laboratory Safety Course for Undergraduates
Authors: Özyalçın Oskay Özge , Yılmaz Ayhan , Kadıoğlu Nagihan
Published: July 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought many changes in the education system as in many systems in the world. The distance education system, which developed and became widespread during the pandemic, continues its impact with hybrid models adopted after the pandemic. Flipped learning model, one of these hybrid models, has been widely used since the pandemic. This study makes an attempt at designing the laboratory safety course offered in chemistry teaching department in flipped learning model. The subjects of laboratory safety course were based on flipped learning model, one of the hybrid learning models, so as to be able to teach them more effectively and to secure retention in learning due to the fact that laboratory work forms the foundation of applied sciences like chemistry; and as a result, a 14-week course was designed. Four themes labelled as the “pre-class and teaching the class,” “post-class activities,” “general views on the model,” and “the use of the model in the future professional life,” in the interviews with seven students who volunteered to join the application in week 14.
A Review on Emerging Trends of Plastics for Food Packaging in India
Authors: Waris Khan Mohd Gulam , Ahmad Sadaf
Published: July 2024

This review research paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of plastics used in food packaging in India, with a focus on materials, technologies, challenges, and potential advancements. The use of plastics in food packaging has become ubiquitous in the modern food industry due to its versatility, cost-effectiveness, and convenience. The review begins by examining the types of plastics commonly employed in food packaging, including polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and others. It delves into their physical and chemical properties, highlighting their suitability for various food products. Special attention is given to advancements in plastic technologies, such as barrier coatings, antimicrobial additives, and smart packaging solutions, aiming to enhance the shelf life and safety of packaged food. Furthermore, the review outlines potential future directions for research and innovation in the field of food packaging in India. In conclusion, this review aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry professionals involved in the food packaging sector in India. By presenting a comprehensive analysis of the current landscape and future prospects, it contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable practices and innovations in the realm of plastics for food packaging.
Towards Sustainable Architecture: Exploring Innovative Materials, Construction Technology, and Design Concepts for Eco-Friendly Buildings
Authors: Matloob Huma
Published: July 2024

Urban built environment consumes number of earth and forest materials that cause environmental degradations and also release greenhouse gases in atmosphere leading to extreme climate changes in recent decades. In the changed scenario, new materials are required to face adversaries’ like flash floods, cloud bursts, landslides, forest fires, high temperatures etc. There is also a need to adopt materials which help us to fight against these adversities and reduce GHG emissions. For this purpose material scientists and product designers have used innovative ideas that are replacing the old traditional materials. Some of them being new insulating concrete foams, multiwall cladding, engineered wood etc. Adaptation of using new design concepts, materials and built environment energy modelling strategy cuts off emissions as well as reduce the total energy load of building. In the present study an assessment has been done for engineered smart technology enabled building materials and design concepts that can help in achieving sustainable development which is the need of the hour.
Stroke in old age
Authors: Ranawaka U. K.
Published: July 2024

Strokes are more common in old age, and with an increasingly ageing population, Sri Lanka is likely to witness a dramatic increase in older patients with stroke. Strokes are different, are more severe and lead to more deaths and disability in old age, requiring different approaches to management. However, decision making on treatment and prevention of stroke in old age is hampered by a lack of robust evidence, as clinical trial data on stroke in old age is limited. Available data suggest that effective treatment and prevention options are underutilized due to a sense of therapeutic nihilism and concerns over safety of medications. More research is clearly needed to define the optimal treatment and preventive strategies.
Patients’ right to confidentiality and sharing information with colleagues: The dilemma in managing a patient with Munchausen syndrome – A case report
Authors: Welhenge C. U. , Premawardhena A.
Published: July 2024

We report the case of a young woman with a “pyrexia of unknown origin” in the background of a history involving SLE, ocular toxoplasmosis and Ig A nephropathy. The history was narrated by her with precise details but there was no documentary proof of any previous admissions. She had a prolonged hospital stay and repeated hospital admissions for the same illness with extensive investigations including a PET scan. Once evidence for “factitious fever” was overwhelming she got herself discharged from hospital refusing psychiatric help. Close scrutiny revealed that she had got herself admitted to several hospitals in the Western Province subsequently, with the same complaint, with all clinicians investigating her extensively, sometimes including invasive procedures. The ethical dilemma faced by us relating to sharing her clinical details with a wider clinical group is discussed.
Identification of mechanism of the oncogenic role of FGFR1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Li Xiong Bing , Li Jia Li , Wang Chao , Zhang Yong , Li Jing
Published: July 2024

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most prevalent malignancy of the thyroid. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is highly expressed in PTC and works as an oncogenic protein in this disease. In this report, we wanted to uncover a new mechanism that drives overexpression of FGFR1 in PTC. Analysis of FGFR1 expression in clinical specimens and PTC cells revealed that FGFR1 expression was enhanced in PTC. Using siRNA/shRNA silencing experiments, we found that FGFR1 downregulation impeded PTC cell growth, invasion, and migration and promoted apoptosis in vitro, as well as suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Bioinformatic analyses predicted the potential USP7-FGFR1 interplay and the potential binding between YY1 and the FGFR1 promoter. The mechanism study found that USP7 stabilized FGFR1 protein via deubiquitination, and YY1 could promote the transcription of FGFR1. Our rescue experiments showed that FGFR1 re-expression had a counteracting effect on USP7 downregulation-imposed in vitro alterations of cell functions and in vivo suppression of xenograft growth. In conclusion, our study identifies the deubiquitinating enzyme USP7 and the oncogenic transcription factor YY1 as potent inducers of FGFR1 overexpression. Designing inhibitors targeting FGFR1 or its upstream inducers USP7 and YY1 may be foreseen as a promising strategy to control PTC development.
Integrating psychological assessment in achalasia management: addressing mental health to enhance patient outcomes
Authors: Khosravi Mohsen , Kavoosi Ahoora , Rezapour-Nasrabad Rafat , Omraninava Melody , Anamagh Alireza Nazari , Asl Seyed Teymur Seyedi
Published: July 2024

Achalasia is a chronic esophageal disorder with a generally favorable prognosis; however, approximately 20% of patients experience persistent or recurrent symptoms despite therapeutic interventions. These ongoing symptoms can significantly diminish both disease-specific and overall quality of life. Although the physical manifestations of achalasia, such as regurgitation, dysphagia, chest pain, and weight loss, are well-documented and assessed using the Eckardt score, the psychological burden of the disease remains underexplored. Individuals with achalasia are at an increased risk of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, and somatization, exacerbated by the emotional strain and social limitations imposed by the disease. Despite this, psychological impacts are often overlooked in clinical settings, leading to inadequate mental health support for these patients. This article underscores the necessity for prompt psychological assessments during the diagnosis of achalasia to better address these mental health challenges and improve overall patient care.
L’istituzionalizzazione dell’Health Technology Assessment (HTA) in Italia e in Europa
Authors: Spagnolo Antonio G.
Published: July 2024

Non disponibile.
La condizione umana all’epoca delle ICT e dell’AI
Authors: Frigerio Alberto
Published: July 2024

La civiltà tecnologica si distingue per la compenetrazione del fare (techne) e del conoscere (episteme), che conferisce all’essere umano un inedito potere di manipolare la realtà. In questa cornice si collocano le Information and Communications Technologies (ICT), che indicano lo studio di sistemi che ricevono, elaborano e trasmettono dati e informazioni, e l’Artificial Intelligence (AI), che indica lo studio di sistemi informatici computazionali che replicano la condotta umana intelligente, che stanno innovando il tessuto socio-economico, riconfigurando le relazioni e plasmando l’esistenza. È quanto s’intende documentare, indagando il modo in cui la tecnologia condiziona l’esperienza umana e il modo in cui l’essere umano è chiamato ad abitare l’età tecnologica.
Practical tips in the treatment of eczema: Part II
Authors: Meyer J.
Published: July 2024

No abstract available.
The person of the practitioner: Roy Jobson
Authors: Jobson Roy
Published: July 2024

No abstract available.
Turberculosis: Current issues on diagnosis and management
Authors: Blumberg Lucille , Ogunbanjo Gboyega A. , Durrheim David N.
Published: July 2024

In 1993, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared tuberculosis (TB) a global emergency and in 1996, South Africa declared TB as a priority disease. The most effective means of controlling TB is through rapid diagnosis by direct sputum microscopy for acid fast bacilli (AFB), or culture for Mycobacteium tuberculosis (MTB) and prompt initiation of the correct therapy by means of the Directly Observed Treatment, Short course (DOTS) strategy. ln 1997, it was estimated that 10 million of the 30 million people infected with the human immuno-deficiency virus (HM worldwide were co-infected with TB. This review article focuses on TB diagnosis, including newer laboratory tests, treatment, and chemoprophylaxis. Special issues such as extra pulmonary TB, childhood TB, BCG immunisation, and the deadly alliance between TB and HIV/AIDS are also considered. Tuberculosis is a treatable disease and the aim of any family practitioner should be to treat smear positive patients as soon as possible, and cure them at the first attempt.
Family disfunction, poverty and HIVAIDS among homeless street children: What can the family physicians offer?
Authors: Olusola Olufemi , Ademola Olufemi
Published: July 2024

This article aims to create awareness among the family physicians on street homelessness among children in South Africa, more importantly its relationship to HIV/AIDS epidemics, family dysfunction, poverty and child abuse. Such awareness, apart from giving family physicians a better understanding of this important social issue in their environment / community, will also put them in a better position to intervene appropriately whenever they are in a situation to provide care to this group of children.
The impact of HIV/AIDS on doctors - a report on 2 years experience of a balint group in Cape Town
Authors: Levenstein S.
Published: July 2024

Two years experience with a vocational trainee "Balint Group" is reported. A large proportion of the patients presented were HIV positive and some had active AIDS. These patients presented special difficulties for the young trainee doctors which are discussed. (Particularly the fact that most patients were similar in age to the doctors and that the illness involved sexuality and often violence). Illustrative case studies are described. It is concluded that trainee family physicians need special training to cope with the relationship issues that arise with such patients. It is suggested that Balint Groups are a suitable vehicle for such training.
Making sense of statistics for family practitioners: Prevalence or incidence - pedantic or important?
Authors: Durrheim David N. , Ogunbanjo Gboyega A.
Published: July 2024

The most effective way to infuriate an epidemiologist is to call a "prevalence rate" an "incidence rate", or vice versa. Unfortunately, this diabolical practice remains a common feature in print, during presentations at medical references and in conversations between medical colleagues. You may, ask whether this confusion of terminology deserves mention in this column. Our answer is an emphatic "yes"! An incorrect understanding of incidence and prevalence can have disastrous effects on planning, whether within an individual practice or a global public health programme.
Differences in the Prognostic Impact between Single-Zone and Multi-Zone N2 Node Metastasis in Patients with Station-Based Multiple N2 Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kim Shia , Lee Geun Dong , Choi SeHoon , Kim Hyeong Ryul , Kim Yong-Hee , Kim Dong Kwan , Park Seung-Il , Yun Jae Kwang
Published: July 2024

Purpose The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer suggests further subdivision of pathologic N (pN) category in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by incorporating the location and number of involved lymph node (LN) stations. We reclassified patients with the station-based N2b disease into single-zone and multi-zone N2b groups and compared survival outcomes between the groups.Materials and Methods This retrospective study included patients with pN2 NSCLC who underwent lobectomy from 2006 to 2019. The N2 disease was subdivided into four categories: single-station N2 without N1 (N2a1), single-station N2 with N1 (N2a2), multiple-station N2 with single zone involvement (single-zone N2b), and multiple-station N2 with multiple zone involvement (multi-zone N2b). LN zones included in the subdivision of N2 disease were upper mediastinal, lower mediastinal, aortopulmonary, and subcarinal.Results Among 996 eligible patients, 211 (21.2%), 394 (39.6%), and 391 (39.3%) were confirmed to have pN2a1, pN2a2, and pN2b disease, respectively. In multivariable analysis after adjustment for sex, age, pT category, and adjuvant chemotherapy, overall survival was significantly better with single-zone N2b disease (n=125, 12.6%) than with multi-zone N2b disease (n=266, 26.7%) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49 to 0.90; p=0.009) and was comparable to that of N2a2 disease (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.49; p=0.46).Conclusion Prognosis of single-zone LN metastasis was better than that of multiple-zone LN metastasis in patients with N2b NSCLC. Along with the station-based N descriptors, zone-based descriptors might ensure optimal staging, enabling the most appropriate decision-making on adjuvant therapy for patients with pN2 NSCLC.
Well-posedness of an evaporation model for a spherical droplet exposed to an air flow
Authors: Bänsch Eberhard , Doß Martin , Gräser Carsten , Ray Nadja
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we address the well-posedness of an evaporation model for a spherical liquid droplet taking into account the convective impact of an air flow in the ambient gas phase. From a mathematical perspective, we are dealing with a coupled ODE–PDE system for the droplet radius, the temperature distribution, and the vapor concentration. The nonlinear coupling arises from the evaporation rate modeled by the Hertz–Knudsen equation. Under physically meaningful assumptions, we prove existence and uniqueness of a weak solution until the droplet has evaporated completely. Numerical simulations are performed to illustrate how different air flows affect the evaporation process.
Can the Culture Density of the Marine Copepod Pseudodiaptomus nihonkaiensis be Improved by Installing an Artificial Substrate?
Authors: Koga Shinichi , Takayama Yoshiki , Toda Tatsuki
Published: July 2024

The understanding of the increasing population density of copepods in culture tanks contributes to establish their stable cultures at high productions for aquaculture industry, which are preferred live feeds for fish larvae. In the present study, the semi-benthic copepod Pseudodiaptomus nihonkaiensis were used as target species. This genus is often found from brackish water and its tolerance to a wide range of salinity and water quality has attracted attention as a potential commercial live feed for aquaculture. Population growth and egg production in the semi-benthic copepod P. nihonkaiensis are investigated. Copepods were cultured in tanks without mesh, with mesh lining tank walls, and with 2, 4 or 8 mesh partitions in each tank to identify the effect of substratum surface area on copepod population density. Linear regression revealed peaks in nauplius, copepodite, adult and total densities, and the cumulative number of eggs for all sampling events to correlate positively with substratum surface area (p<0.01). Greater substratum area within a culture tank may improve egg production by increasing habitat for ovigerous females. The simple installation of inexpensive artificial substrata in existing copepod culture tanks might improve the feasibility of using copepods as a live food in commercial-scale aquaculture.
Molecular Insights into the Identification, Diversity and Phylogenetics of the Por`s Goatfish Upeneus pori (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes: Mullidae) from Odisha Coast, Bay of Bengal, India
Authors: Sahu Bijayalaxmi , Dalai Rakesh Kumar , Barik Tapan Kumar , Patel Amiya Kumar
Published: July 2024

Numerous different habitats found in marine environments are often conducive to migration and ecological adaption of various marine organisms. The inherent drawbacks of morphology-based identification systems have made it imperative to develop trustworthy genetic techniques that permit the unambiguous identification of fish species. In the present study, seven specimens of the goatfish Upeneus pori Ben-Tuvia and Golani, 1989, were recorded (February 2021) for the first time from the Odisha coast, Bay of Bengal, India. Their DNA was isolated, and mtCOI barcode regions of four specimens were amplified and sequenced successfully. The generated barcode sequences were analyzed using different molecular approaches. U. pori exhibited low genetic variation within populations (average K2P distance = 0.0046). The median joining network of U. pori was simple, with only five haplotypes, including one haplotype present in this region. The analysis of the variation of the amino acids in the mtCOI barcode sequences suggested that there were no significant variations found among U. pori of different geographical locations. The species U. pori was diverged from its common ancestor during the late Miocene sub-epoch, which was around 6.38 Mya. These findings provide insights into the population genetics and evolutionary history of U. pori in this region.
Macroalgal (Ulva compressa) Silver Nanoparticles: Their Characterization, Cytotoxicity, and Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Armagan Esra , Keskinates Mukaddes , Gumus Numan Emre , Aydin Ziya , Yilmaz Bahar , Bayrakci Mevlut
Published: July 2024

In this study, an extract of Ulva compressa (UC), a green macroalgae, was used to synthesize biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The formation of nanoparticles (NPs) was evaluated and confirmed by using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. UV-VIS spectra showing absorption peaks at 450 nm confirmed the formation of AgNPs. The particles were crystalline in nature according to the XRD pattern. AgNPs formation was proved by the FT-IR spectrum of UC. TEM image showed that the average particle size was 4.55 nm. The antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activity was evaluated for the synthesized AgNPs. AgNPs obtained from algae demonstrated antimicrobial activity against all bacteria including B. subtilis, E. faecalis, S. mutans, E. coli, S. aureus, and S. pyogenes. The NPs were shown to have anticarcinogenic activity on HEK 293, MCF-7, and HeLa (reducing viability by 25.42%, 46.42%, and 62.42%, respectively) cell cultures. These findings indicate that AgNPs can be useful medicinal compounds. Green synthesized NPs can be developed and utilized as anticancer agents in the treatment of various types of cancer, as well as their antimicrobial effects can be utilized to ensure the long-term sustainability of food in this study.