bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fichte's global material constitution
Authors: Neuhann Esther
Published: December 2024

The article shows that Fichte's conception of human rights implies concrete guidelines for the economic organization of states and international relations. First, I elucidate Fichte's view on human rights at the domestic level. Fichte's complex theory of human rights consists in a meta-right to live in a state that secures at least two “original rights”: a right to bodily inviolability and a right to sufficient property. I focus on the latter. Due to Fichte's unorthodox view of property rights as rights to actions rather than objects, this amounts to a right to work. This right, according to Fichte, must be realized in a planned economy. Second, I focus on the global level. Fichte's right to sufficient (unorthodox) property has implications for three dimensions of global justice: cosmopolitan right, the right of nations and commercial relations. Third, I draw some insights from thinking through Fichte's global material constitution for long observed conceptual tensions regarding his political and legal philosophy, namely between freedom and security as well as cosmopolitanism and nationalism, and for current debates in politics and political theory.
Systematization of BIM data management to improve centralization, interoperability and traceability of building asset information in digital environments
Authors: Triana González Samuel Jesús , Lozano Diez Rafael Vicente
Published: December 2024

This article connects Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology with relational databases, presenting a large-scale framework that enhances work processes and knowledge for digital building asset management. It emphasizes the significance of data connections, aligning digital technologies with valuable information extraction and advocating for strategic digital continuity. Current digital procedures in construction often lack standardized protocols, hindering efficient information creation, monitoring, and reuse. The integration of BIM with other data sources facilitates better control in coordination and management, leading to time and cost savings throughout the asset lifecycle. The research is organized into four blocks: database construction, BIM data integration, quality control, and data consolidation, leading to a new systematization proposal for building management. Key contributions include insights into the global structuring of asset management information and the potential for synchronous use of BIM models with relational databases, enabling data sharing and access for various specialists across different environments.
Invisible Roots: Re-examining Soap Opera’s Influence on the Narrative Complexity of Contemporary Television Drama
Authors: Creeber Glen
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the notion that contemporary television is more “complex” than programming made in the past, arguing that such an approach can risk denigrating earlier TV and erasing its impact on current practice. Focusing on the role soap opera has played in influencing recent narrative trends, it will particularly examine the genre’s tendency toward “paradigmatic complexity” and its increasing presence in contemporary long-form drama. Explaining how this esthetic trend has helped to produce increased levels of narrative depth and expansion, it will also show how this is no longer sacrificed at the expense of a forward-moving plot or a profound sense of “syntagmatic determinacy.” Describing this in terms of “ paradigmatic determinacy,” it will conclude that current TV does not offer an entirely new mode of storytelling, but is best understood as the culmination of narrative forms and generic traditions which can be traced back many decades.
Mā Muri, Mā Mua: Use the Past to Inform Our Future
Authors: Berryman Mere , Rameka Lesley , Tamatea Karaitiana
Published: December 2024

In this rangahau (research) Indigenous Māori in Aotearoa, New Zealand shared important understandings and practices related to their own experiences of conception, pregnancy, birthing, and babies. Simultaneously they showed us how research of this kind might be better undertaken. These understandings were confirmed and expanded upon in the literature, by seminal Māori scholars. Together, these contemporary rememberings and authenticated writings began to reveal how rich heritage narratives, and more critical actions could inform a more culturally sustainable future.
Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Event-Related Potentials (P3) and Depressive Symptoms in Oncological Patients
Authors: Schweig Theresa , Fink Madeleine , Schmidt Kira , Krawutschke Marvin , Pasche Saskia , Skoda Eva-Maria , Teufel Martin , Müller Bernhard W.
Published: December 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in P3 amplitude and latency to emotional stimuli with different arousal and valence levels after a mindfulness-based intervention in oncological patients. Methods: P3 amplitude and latency at Fz, Cz, and Pz to emotional salient stimuli differing in valence (positive vs. negative) and arousal (low vs. high) levels were measured in 17 oncological patients ( Mage = 51 years, SD = 9.17, females = 11) before and after a mindfulness-based intervention in a waitlist-controlled clinical trial. Group sessions were held 2x/week over a period of 5 weeks. Results: Arousal and valence levels of emotional salient stimuli were significant modulators of P3 amplitudes ( P = .050; P = .006, respectively). P3 amplitudes at Fz decreased significantly from pre-waitlist to post-intervention ( P = .002). P3 latency for negatively valenced stimuli decreased from pre- to post-intervention with trending significance ( P = .080). P3 latency at Pz showed a trend of being shorter than P3 latency at Cz ( P = .066). Depressive symptoms showed a decreasing trend from pre- to post-treatment ( P = .075). Conclusions: We could show that arousal and valence levels of emotional salient stimuli are important modulators of P3 amplitudes and latencies in oncological patients. P3 amplitudes at Fz decreased significantly from pre-waitlist until after mindfulness-based intervention, decreases from pre-to post-intervention were linear, but not significant. In oncological patients the mindfulness-based intervention seems to have its strongest effect on the frontal electrode Fz, not the electrode Pz where its amplitude was largest. Depressive symptoms could be reduced.
Automated Bone Cancer Detection Using Deep Learning on X-Ray Images
Authors: Dalai Sasanka Sekhar , Ranjan Sahu Bharat Jyoti , Rautaray Jyotirmayee , Khan M. Ijaz , Jabr Bander A. , Ali Yasser A.
Published: December 2024

In recent days, bone cancer is a life-threatening health issue that can lead to death. However, physicians use CT-scan, X-rays, or MRI images to recognize bone cancer, but still require techniques to increase precision and reduce human labor. These methods face challenges such as high costs, time consumption, and the risk of misdiagnosis due to the complexity of bone tumor appearances. Therefore, it is essential to establish an automated system to detect healthy bones from cancerous ones. In this regard, Artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning, shows increased attention in the medical image analysis process. This research presents a new Golden Search Optimization along with Deep Learning Enabled Computer Aided Diagnosis for Bone Cancer Classification (GSODL-CADBCC) on X-ray images. The aim of the GSODL-CADBCC approach is to accurately distinguish the input X-ray images into healthy and cancerous. This research presents the GSODL-CADBCC technique that leverages the bilateral filtering technique to remove the noise. This method uses the SqueezeNet model to generate feature vectors, and the GSO algorithm efficiently selects the hyperparameters. Finally, the extracted features can be classified by improved cuckoo search with a long short-term memory model. The experimental results demonstrate that the GSODL- CADBCC approach attains highest performance with an average accuracy of 95.52% on the training set data and 94.79% on the testing set data. This automated approach not only reduces the need for manual interpretation but also minimizes the risk of diagnostic errors and provides a viable option for precise medical imaging-based bone cancer screening.
HSPE1 Inhibits Bladder Cancer Ferroptosis via a Glutathione-Dependent Mechanism by Suppressing GPX4
Authors: Cheng Jiqiang , Wang Lina , Wang Wenlong , Liang Hao , Shan Shuaishuai , Zhang Shaopeng , Wang Zekun , Wang Qingbing
Published: December 2024

Bladder cancer (BLCA) remains a significant health risk despite advancements in medical science that have led to reduced incidence and death rates. While the molecular regulatory mechanisms of BLCA are not yet fully understood, HSPE1, a member of the heat shock protein family, is regarded as a reliable prognostic target for BLCA. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the differential expression levels of HSPE1 and its relationship to GPX4 were examined. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was used to carry out HSPE1 pathway enrichment analysis. HSPE1 and GPX4 expressions in cells were assessed using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Cell cycle alternations and apoptosis were evaluated using flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was assessed using EdU and colony formation assays. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test, glutathione (GSH) measurement, and Liperfluo assay were utilized to evaluate the presence of ferroptosis in cells. BLCA tissues and cells had significantly elevated levels of HSPE1. In BLCA, high expression of HSPE1 inhibited apoptosis while promoting cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Significant enrichment of HSPE1 was found in the GSH metabolism and ferroptosis pathways, according to pathway enrichment analysis. In cancer cells, HSPE1 promoted GSH accumulation, decreased lipid peroxidation, and inhibited cell ferroptosis, as demonstrated in a rescue experiment with the ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1. Pearson correlation analysis unveiled a substantial positive correlation between HSPE1 and the ferroptosis regulator GPX4. According to the results of rescue experiments, HSPE1 regulated GPX4 to affect cell lipid peroxidation levels and GSH accumulation. HSPE1 plays a crucial role in regulating GPX4 to prevent BLCA cells from undergoing ferroptosis, with this control mechanism dependent on GSH.
Predicting the effect of thread density on the physical and thermal properties of plain-woven fabric by using a soft computing system
Authors: Maruf Hasan Shah Md. , Chowdhury Md. Kamrul Hassan , Smriti Shamima Akter , Khalil Elias , Akter Mahmuda , Farhana Kaniz
Published: December 2024

This study’s primary goal is to use a fuzzy logic expert system (FLES) to anticipate and create a model for the impact of thread density on plain-woven fabric’s thermal characteristics. Every plain-woven fabric utilized in this study has 100% cotton fiber in it. The input variables for this fuzzy logic expert system are PPI and EPI, while the output variables are thermal transmittance, thermal conductivity, and CLO. It is quite difficult to give the engineers a statistically or mathematically based forecasting model. On the other hand, a large volume of trial data is needed for artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), which will take a lot of time and effort to maintain. Fuzzy expert systems, on the other hand, may effectively map nonlinear domains and provide a viable model even with a small quantity of experimental data. New experimental results have validated the model in the current study. Predicting production might be a more beneficial approach for industrial practitioners than using the current trial-and-error method. The root mean square, mean absolute error percentage, and coefficient of determination (R2) of CLO, thermal conductivity, and thermal transmittance between the expected and experimental values were determined to be, respectively, 0.002, 0.001, 0.802; 0.857%, 2.642%, 2.359%; and 0.994, 0.969, and 0.955. The results validate the model’s predictions for the CLO, thermal conductivity, and thermal transmittance of plain-woven fabric in the textile sector, and it was discovered that FLES is capable of accurately predicting the result.
Vibration isolation performance analysis of laminated double-layer rectangular plate structure
Authors: Ying Zhang , Junling Si , Zhanbin Guo
Published: December 2024

Based on the spectral geometry method, the analytical model of laminated double-layer rectangular plate including elastic floating raft damping system is established. The artificial virtual technology is used to simulate the elastic boundary conditions of the laminated deck, and the three-dimensional damping isolator and elastic raft plate are used to simulate the floating raft damping system. Based on energy principle, the solution equation of vibration characteristics of laminated double-layer rectangular plate system is obtained by Rayleigh Ritz method. Compared these results with finite element method, the reliability of the model is verified. Then the effects of different parameters on the dynamic characteristics of double plate structure are further discussed.
Adaptive optimization of electromyographic channels for intelligent prosthetic hands based on individual differences
Authors: Zhao Jianzhuang , Tian Ye , Wang Yuxuan , Ji Weiye , Zhu Mingchi
Published: December 2024

Intelligent prosthetic hands typically require an increase in the number of acquisition channels to improve gesture recognition accuracy, resulting in increased device complexity and cost. However, there are individual differences in muscle strength, body mass index, and exercise habits. Electromyographic prosthetic hands currently use standardized electromyographic channel configurations, which lack adaptability to individual differences. To address these issues, this paper proposes the electrode configuration adaptive optimization algorithm, which enhances and integrates traditional genetic algorithms and simulated annealing algorithms, and implements adaptive optimization solutions for different subjects. Experimental results show that the optimization outcomes differ among different subjects. Compared to a single optimization algorithm, the proposed algorithm can adaptively optimize the electrode configuration based on individual differences while ensuring recognition effectiveness, retaining electrode channel information that significantly contributes to gesture classification recognition, and meeting the stable recognition of their motion intentions by different subjects.
Modeling and verification of an improved contact force in multibody systems
Authors: Chen Wenhui , Wang Xupeng , Liu Yang , Han Yimo , He Yicheng
Published: December 2024

In many engineering applications, contact and collision phenomena are commonly observed in multibody systems, which can lead to issues such as dynamic output oscillations, reduced motion accuracy, decreased reliability and lifespan, and even functional failures in mechanical systems. To more accurately describe common collision phenomena and their impact on the dynamic characteristics of multibody systems, this paper introduces a contact force model with improved nonlinear stiffness and damping coefficients. This model is based on Hertz theory and considering the relationship between indentation and velocity during the collision process by incorporating a nonlinear index factor, m. Additionally, the Newton restitution coefficient is used as an evaluation criterion to verify the effectiveness of the improved model. Numerical analyses were conducted on single collisions between joints at different initial collision velocities and restitution coefficients, using both the proposed improved contact force model and existing classical models. Further numerical simulations of steel ball collisions were performed using the improved model, and the results were compared with experimental test data. Ultimately, the study results demonstrate that the improved contact force model is more accurate and effective than existing classical models under various restitution coefficients and collision velocity conditions, and has a wider range of applicability.
The “Rule of 4” ultrasound diagnostic criteria at 6 weeks postoperatively was more appropriate for clinical determination of arteriovenous fistula maturation
Authors: Liu Jiali , Guo Xuemei , You Qiwen , Wang Jingzhu , Lin Ling , Zhang Hongbo , Zhang Heping , Deng Fei , Jing Xueming
Published: December 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the timing of assessing the maturation of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and the diagnostic efficacy of two ultrasound assessment criteria in determining the maturation of AVF.

Methods

We collected clinical data on 227 patients with end-stage renal disease who were first diagnosed at our institution between February 1, 2023 and February 1, 2024, and were followed up regularly for 12 weeks post-AVF creation, with the diameter of the draining vein and the brachial artery volume flow (VF) recorded at 1 day, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks post-operation. We focused on the time of AVF maturation, and ultrasonographic diagnostic criteria 1 (the vein diameter was ≥4 mm, and the brachial artery VF was >500 mL/min, referred to as the “Rule of 4”) and ultrasonographic diagnostic criteria 2 (the vein diameter was ≥5 mm, and the brachial artery VF was> 500 mL/min, referred to as the “Rule of 5”) were used to evaluate the maturation of AVF. And compared with clinically maturation criteria to understand the correlation, consistency, and diagnostic efficacy.

Results

1. The venous diameter and brachial artery VF of AVF showed an upward trend, and increased significantly in 1 day to 6 weeks postoperatively ( p < .05),especially between 1 day and 2 weeks, while no significant difference in the increases at 6-12 weeks; 2. Logistic regression analysis showed that venous diameter (OR = 19.589 , 95% CI 1.560-245.979, p = .021) and brachial artery VF (OR = 1.024 , 95% CI 1.005-1.042, p = .011) at 6 weeks were the independent correlates affecting AVF maturation; and the optimal thresholds were 4.08 mm (sensitivity 88.10%, specificity 70.00%) and 472.50 mL/min (sensitivity 93.20%, specificity 84.00%), respectively; 3. Compared with clinical maturation, the two ultrasonographic diagnostic criteria at 6 weeks postoperatively were correlated with clinical maturation, and the specificity of both was 100%, with “Rule of 4” having a sensitivity of 79.66%, an accuracy of 84.14%, and a concordance kappa = 0.633, while “Rule of 5″ had a sensitivity of 31.63%, an accuracy of 46.69%, and a concordance kappa = 0.169; and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for “Rule of 4″ was higher than that for “Rule of 5” (0.898 vs. 0.658, p < .001).

Conclusion

Six weeks postoperatively may be the best timing for an ultrasound assessment of AVF maturation, and the “Rule of 4” ultrasound assessment criteria was more suitable for clinical judgment of AVF maturation.
National identity, institutional trust, and beliefs in COVID-19 origin conspiracies: A cross-national comparative study
Authors: Xu Hao , Juarez Miro Clara , Kim Eunah , Myers Michaele D.
Published: December 2024

Conspiracy theories flourished during the COVID-19 outbreak. The present study takes a cross-national comparative perspective to understand the relationships among people's national identities, trust in institutions, and their beliefs in COVID-19 origin conspiracy theories blaming other nations. Four cross-national surveys were conducted in China, South Korea, Spain, and the United States with a total of 1642 respondents. The results revealed that two dimensions of national identities—national hubris and restrictive views of legitimate membership—are positively related to beliefs in conspiracy theories targeting other nations. This relationship was supported in three countries with different social, political, historical, and cultural contexts and diverse meanings attached to national identities. Also, people's trust in mainstream media, governments, and scientists was found to moderate the relationships between national identities and beliefs in conspiracy theories; yet, this moderating effect was not consistent across the selected nations.
Non-traditional pulmonary function tests in risk stratification of anatomic lung resection: a retrospective review
Authors: Towe Christopher W. , Badrinathan Avanti , Khil Alina , Alvarado Christine E. , Ho Vanessa P. , Bassiri Aria , Linden Philip A.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Guidelines advocate pulmonary function testing (PFT) in preoperative evaluation before lung resection. Although forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) are recommended, they are often poor predictors of complications.

Objectives:

Determine if PFT testing results other than FEV1 and DLCO are associated with post-operative complications. We hypothesized that other PFT test results may improve the prediction of post-operative complications.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study of a single institution.

Methods:

We analyzed patients who underwent anatomic lung resections from 1/2007 to 1/2017. Percent predicted post-operative (ppo) PFT values were calculated for each test result. Outcome of interest was any post-operative complication. Wilcoxon rank-sum and multivariable regression were used to determine the relationship of PFT results to post-operative complications.

Results:

We analyzed 922 patients who underwent anatomic lung resections. Complications occurred in 240 (26.0%) patients, and mortality occurred in 12 (1.3%) patients. In univariate analysis, predicted and percent predicted post-operative (ppo) forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1, FEF2575, DLCO, DLCO/VA, and VC values were predictors of post-operative complications. Multivariable logistic regression found no independent relationship of test results to post-operative complications, likely reflecting the collinearity of PFT results.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that non-traditional PFTs, such as FVC, may enhance risk stratification for post-operative complications following anatomic lung resection. Notably, traditional parameters like FEV1 and DLCO were not independently predictive, highlighting the need to reconsider their role in isolation. These findings highlight the need to reconsider how PFT are used in surgical risk stratification given high levels of collinearity.
Peripheral versus central vertigo
Authors: Giri Sandarva , Ratnayake Sudhira
Published: December 2024

Dizziness and vertigo are common presentations in primary care, seen either acutely or chronically, with diverse causes including peripheral otological conditions, central neurological causes, systemic conditions, and psychological or functional causes. Symptoms vary widely, and can make diagnosis more challenging. Some causes are urgent (‘red flags’), requiring specialist referral or immediate treatment. This article guides clinical assessment, investigation, management and referrals in primary care.
Metaverse surgical planning for robotic surgery: preliminary experience and users’ perception
Authors: Volpi Gabriele , Gatti Cecilia , Quarà Alberto , Piramide Federico , Amparore Daniele , Alessio Paolo , De Cillis Sabrina , Colombo Marco , Busacca Giovanni , Sica Michele , Verri Paolo , Piana Alberto , Alba Stefano , Di Dio Michele , Fiori Cristian , Porpiglia Francesco , Checcucci Enrico
Published: December 2024

Background:

The 3D models’ use for surgical planning has recently gained an ever-wider popularity, in particular in the urological field. Different ways of fruition of this technology have been evaluated over the years. Today, new technological developments allow us to enjoy 3D models in the metaverse.

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to report the preliminary experience and surgeon’s perception of preoperative planning performed in the metaverse.

Design:

During the eleventh edition of the Techno-Urology Meeting, all the attendees enjoyed the metaverse experience (META_EXP) for pre-surgical planning of both robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and partial nephrectomy. Users’ perception was then evaluated with the Health Information Technology Usability Evaluation Scale (Health-ITUES) and the Face & Content validity questionnaire.

Methods:

The 3D virtual models, obtained from standard bi-dimensional imaging, were uploaded on a metaverse platform. Surgeons, thanks to dedicated visors, could plan their surgical strategy immersed in this virtual environment and discuss it with other attendees. Answers to the questionnaires were then evaluated and a stratification was subsequently performed based on surgical expertise, dividing participants in residents (Re), young urologists (YU) and senior urologists (SU).

Results:

Sixty-six participants filled out the questionnaires. As emerged from the Health-ITUES questionnaire, META_EXP covers an important role in the presurgical/surgical planning and decision-making process and appears to be useful for preoperative planning, with a median response of 4 and 5, respectively. Such results were also confirmed at the Face & Content validity questionnaire, with a median rate of 9/10 regarding its usefulness for surgical planning. Also, anatomical accuracy was positively rated regarding both organ’s and disease’s details, with a median response of 9.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the metaverse experience for preoperative surgical planning appears to be useful, user-friendly and accurate. This technology has been widely appreciated by surgeons, irrespective of their experience.
Combining serum inflammatory markers and clinical factors to predict survival in metastatic urothelial carcinoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Cheng Liang-Yun , Su Po-Jung , Kuo Ming-Chun , Lin Chang-Ting , Luo Hao-Lun , Chou Chih-Chi , Huang Shih-Yu , Wu Chia-Che , Chen Chien-Hsu , Huang Chun-Chieh , Tsai Kai-Lung , Yu-Li Su Harvey
Published: December 2024

Background:

Despite the revolutionary impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC), the clinical utility of reliable prognostic biomarkers to foresee survival outcomes remains underexplored.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the prognostic significance of serum inflammatory markers in mUC patients undergoing ICI therapy.

Design:

This is a retrospective, multicenter study.

Methods:

Data were collected from two independent medical centers in Taiwan, encompassing a validation and a training cohort (TC). Patients with histopathologically confirmed urothelial carcinoma who received at least one cycle of ICI monotherapy were included. Serum inflammatory markers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were calculated prior to ICI therapy. Statistical analyses involved the use of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to determine optimal biomarker cutoffs and Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the independent predictive capability of these markers.

Results:

A total of 192 patients were enrolled. In the univariate analysis, serum markers such as NLR, PLR, SII, and Hb were significantly associated with overall survival (OS) in both the training and validation cohorts (VC). White blood cells, NLR, and SII demonstrated a robust correlation with progression-free survival across both cohorts. Multivariate analysis revealed that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ⩾2 ( p < 0.001), visceral metastasis ( p < 0.001), leukocytosis ( p < 0.001), Hb levels ⩾10 mg/dL ( p = 0.008), and NLR ⩾5 ( p = 0.032) as independent predictors of OS. A prognostic nomogram integrating these independent factors yielded a C-index for a 3-year OS of 0.769 in the TC and 0.657 in the VC.

Conclusion:

Serum inflammatory markers, combined with clinicopathologic factors, provide a practical prognostic tool in mUC treatment with ICIs.
Sex differences in patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer harboring driver fusions treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a systematic review
Authors: Leporati Rita , Auclin Édouard , Morchón Daniel , Ferriol-Galmés Miquel , Laguna Juan Carlos , Gorria Teresa , Teixidó Cristina , Aranzazu Amores Maria , Ambrosini Paolo , Isla Dolores , Russo Giuseppe Lo , Mezquita Laura
Published: December 2024

Background:

While targeted therapies have transformed the treatment landscape of oncogene-addicted non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the influence of sex on treatment outcomes remains insufficiently understood.

Objectives:

This systematic review aimed to investigate the impact of sex on clinical outcomes in patients with NSCLC harboring driver fusions treated with targeted therapies enrolled in clinical trials.

Data sources and methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and relevant conference abstracts to identify phase III randomized and early clinical trials that reported sex-specific data, including progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), overall response rate, and adverse events (AEs), in patients with fusion-positive NSCLC treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).

Results:

This review involved 10 studies reporting PFS data and 3 studies with OS data, focusing on first-line treatments for ALK fusion (9 studies) and RET fusion-positive (1 study) NSCLC. Pooled analysis of hazard ratios (HRs) for PFS and OS in ALK inhibitors trials revealed no significant differences in survival outcomes based on sex. Additionally, none of the studies provided data on sex-based differences in response rates or toxicities, highlighting a significant knowledge gap regarding the impact of sex on secondary outcomes in targeted therapy.

Conclusion:

This review found no significant sex-related differences in survival outcomes among patients treated with ALK inhibitors. However, the lack of data on sex-specific response and toxicity emphasizes the need for future research to better understand the role of sex in modulating treatment outcomes and treatment decisions with TKIs.
Evolocumab in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: study protocol for a single-arm, phase II trial, and initial experience with use of a validated lipid biomarker to direct therapy
Authors: Mellor Rhiannon , Ardolino Luke , Scheinberg Tahlia , Fitzpatrick Michael , Lin Hui-Ming , Bonnitcha Paul , Sullivan David , Meikle Peter J. , Stockler Martin R. , Moujaber Tania , Joshua Anthony , Horvath Lisa
Published: December 2024

Background:

Despite advances in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), primary and secondary resistance to current therapies remains. Elevated circulating sphingolipids are associated with poor outcomes in patients with mCRPC, including therapeutic resistance and shorter overall survival. PCPro is a clinically accessible, regulatory compliant plasma lipid biomarker of poor prognosis in mCRPC, which incorporates prognostic sphingolipids. We hypothesize that reversal of the PCPro signature in men with mCRPC by sphingolipid-lowering agents will improve their clinical outcomes. However, the first step is to determine whether this poor prognostic lipid signature can be modulated. A potential sphingolipid-lowering agent is the PCSK9-inhibitor evolocumab, which is used in the management of hypercholesterolemia.

Objectives:

Our primary objective is to assess whether treatment with evolocumab during standard anticancer therapy can safely modify the PCPro signature in men with mCRPC.

Design:

This is a multicenter, open label phase II trial.

Methods:

Men with mCRPC commencing docetaxel, cabazitaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide, olaparib, or lutetium-177 PSMA for disease progression will be screened for the presence of PCPro. Those who are PCPro positive will receive a 12-week course of evolocumab concurrent with their standard therapy. Dosage is as per cardiovascular guidelines (420 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks). PCPro will be repeated after 12 weeks. The primary endpoint is reversal of PCPro. The secondary endpoint is the safety of combination therapy with exploratory endpoints characterizing changes in comprehensive lipid profiles pre- and post-treatment.

Discussion:

This study will evaluate whether evolocumab can safely modify the PCPro signature in men with mCRPC, providing essential data to the development of precision metabolic therapy in the management of prostate cancer.

Trial registration:

This study is approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee (X22-0072 and 2022/ETH00427). It is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622001003763).
The analysis of the pulmonary domain involvement in Sjögren’s disease
Authors: Madej Marta , Proc Krzysztof , Wawryka Piotr , Morgiel Ewa , Sebastian Maciej , Wiland Piotr , Sebastian Agata
Published: December 2024

Background:

The EULAR Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) disease activity index (ESSDAI) pulmonary domain is used to assess the activity of respiratory system involvement in Sjögren’s disease (SjD). The most unfavorable form of respiratory involvement in SjD, after lymphomas, is interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to assess the involvement of the respiratory system in SjD patients and the occurrence of ILD in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), depending on immunological markers, the influence of cigarette smoking, and the age of the patients.

Design:

Single-center, registry, cohort study.

Methods:

Among all SjD patients, a group with involvement in the pulmonary domain was distinguished. This group was later subjected to a detailed analysis of immunological and serological markers and chest imaging tests.

Results:

In all, 64 patients out of 299 with SjD had involvement in the pulmonary domain defined according to the ESSDAI definition. The most frequently reported clinical symptoms of respiratory system involvement included dryness and chronic cough (over 80% of patients), followed by shortness of breath. Nine percent of patients with changes in lungs were asymptomatic. Patients with pulmonary involvement were older (54 vs 48 years, p < 0.05). In the subpopulation of patients with SjD and pulmonary involvement, the presence of rheumatoid factor (73% vs 60%, p < 0.05), and hematological domain involvement according to ESSDAI (54% vs 37%, p < 0.05) were more common. In the group of 64 patients with a positive pulmonary domain, 34 (53%) had ILD on HRCT. A higher incidence of comorbidities was found in the population of patients with ILD. No correlation was found between the type of lung involvement and the immunological profile, inflammatory markers, age, and smoking habit.

Conclusion:

Involvement of the pulmonary domain is common in patients with SjD. However, the clinical picture is very heterogeneous, which determines the subsequent personalization of treatment.
Efficacy and safety of small molecule oral medications for psoriatic arthritis: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tsai Ya-Chu , Hung Chen-Yiu , Tsai Tsen-Fang
Published: December 2024

Background:

Although there have been network meta-analyses (NMAs) regarding the efficacy and safety of targeted immunotherapy for psoriatic arthritis, most of them primarily focus on biologics. However, small molecules and biologics have many differences in properties and onset time. This NMA put emphasis on small molecule drugs and incorporates medications including upadacitinib and deucravacitinib, which have been less compared previously.

Objective:

To compare the efficacy and safety of small molecule drugs (apremilast, deucravacitinib, tofacitinib, and upadacitinib) in active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) using NMA.

Design:

This study was conducted and reported following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension Statement for Network Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-NMA), with relevant articles identified through searches across electronic databases.

Data sources and methods:

Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrial.gov were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of targeted synthetic small molecules for PsA controlled by either placebo or active comparators within weeks 12–16 were eligible. A frequentist framework and a random-effect model were employed for the analysis. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for RCTs was used to assess the quality of the enrolled studies.

Results:

A total of 9 RCTs involving 3699 patients were analyzed. Apremilast 30 mg bid, deucravacitinib 6 mg and 12 mg qd, tofacitinib 5 mg bid, and upadacitinib 15 mg qd all demonstrated superior efficacy over placebo in achieving American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20/50/70, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75, and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) scores at weeks 12–16. When compared to adalimumab, upadacitinib achieved borderline superiority in PASI 75 at week 12 (risk ratio (RR) = 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.40). Among the four medications studied, only deucravacitinib showed significantly better HAQ-DI scores compared to apremilast (RR = −0.16, 95% CI: −0.29 to −0.02), with no statistically significant differences observed in other parameters.

Conclusion:

All four small molecule oral medications exhibited superior efficacy to placebo and comparable safety profiles. Across different assessment criteria, including ACR 50, ACR 70, PASI 75, or HAQ-DI, deucravacitinib 12 mg and upadacitinib consistently ranked in the top two positions.
Myanmar’s Post-Coup Foreign Policy and Alignment Behavior: Assessing the Agency of a “Pariah State”
Authors: Passeri Andrea
Published: December 2024

The article scrutinizes the impact of the 2021 military coup and ensuing civil war on Myanmar's foreign policy, by looking at the degree of agency retained by Naypyidaw in its alignment choices vis-à-vis great powers. The investigation shows that despite a highly deteriorated strategic environment marked by Western isolation and the revival of the country's status as a “pariah state,” post-coup Myanmar still exhibits agency and autonomy in its alignment behavior. This ability is evidenced in the evolution of Naypyidaw's hedging strategy after the putsch, which saw the junta engaging Russia, Japan, and India to fill the power gap prompted by the retreat of Western stakeholders and find new counterweights to China's influence. Accordingly, such resolve in preserving the country's nonaligned posture serves as a stark reminder that regardless of their intrinsic deficiencies, weak actors like Myanmar often opt for nuanced alignment blueprints, alternatives to both balancing and bandwagoning.
Re-membering the lands of schooling
Authors: Reynolds Rose-Anne
Published: December 2024

What if children remade the world? What would adults have to give up, make room for, no longer silence or erase to allow this world to be remade? In this paper I propose that thinking with, in and through the land of schooling is one way to account for the violences that adult humans have inflicted on the earth and specifically the lands of schooling. Working with an embodied re-membering of the past, which entails rejecting colonialist practices of erasure and avoidance of the lands of schooling. The setting for this work is the colonised land of South Africa, which is not in the past and a seminar, facilitated by the author, on re-membering the lands of schooling, held on the land of the coloniser in Great Britain in 2023. The seminar troubled the enduring and problematic legacy of coloniality. The seminar offered an opportunity for some of the adult participants to engage in re-membering the land of their primary schooling as an ecopedagogical practice, which centred childhood as already knowing and entangled with climate injustices perpetuated generations ago, in a timeline of the earth that is not linear. Re-membering the land of schooling foregrounds some of the complexity of childhood and the land on which primary schooling happens. I experiment with tracing partial entanglements of the land of schooling, and offer storytelling and counter-mapping to animate ways of thinking, playing and recognising differently child and the land of schooling, as always already in relation.
The association between dolutegravir-based antiretrovirals and high blood pressure among adults with HIV in southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hirigo Agete Tadewos , Yilma Daniel , Astatkie Ayalew , Debebe Zelalem
Published: December 2024

Background:

Dolutegravir (DTG), a novel antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV, is increasingly adopted across sub-Saharan Africa. However, its impact on blood pressure in Ethiopia remains unclear, highlighting a need for further studies.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the association between DTG-based first-line regimens and other covariates of high blood pressure (HBP) among adults living with HIV receiving care at health facilities in Hawassa City, southern Ethiopia.

Design:

A cross-sectional study.

Methods:

Data were collected between January 2023 and May 2024 among 444 systematically selected adults, complemented with a review of their medical records. HBP was defined according to the seventh report of the Joint National Committee (JNC7) guidelines, with a threshold of systolic or diastolic blood pressure of ⩾120/80 mmHg. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of HBP. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to determine statistically significant associations.

Results:

Of the study participants, 58.3% were women and 41.7% were men, resulting in a response rate of 95.5%. The mean (standard deviation (SD]) age of the participants was 38.4(±8.9) years. The prevalence of HBP was 57.9% (95% CI: 52.5–62.4), with 40.5% classified as prehypertension and 17.3% as hypertension. Among participants with hypertension, 84.4% were newly diagnosed. Initiating ART with DTG-based regimens was associated with higher odds of HBP (AOR 5.9; 95% CI: 1.5–22.7) and switching to DTG-based regimens also increased the odds of HBP (AOR 3.8; 95% CI: 1.1–13.9). Other significant covariates associated with HBP included being male (AOR 2.6; 95% CI: 1.4–4.9), age >45 years (AOR 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2–3.4), high waist-to-height ratio (AOR 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1–4.9), inadequate vegetable intake (AOR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.0–2.7), low physical activity (AOR 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1–5.4), and LDL-cholesterol (AOR 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0–1.2).

Conclusion:

Proactive blood pressure screening and management are important for individuals on DTG-based regimens. In addition, early identification and intervention of modifiable risk factors through comprehensive strategies and regular screenings are pivotal for improving cardiovascular health among individuals on ART.
Negative patch test findings after initiation of upadacitinib: A case report
Authors: McPhie Meghan L , Pratt Melanie D , Kirchhof Mark G
Published: December 2024

Upadacitinib is a systemic Janus kinase inhibitor currently approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Many patients with atopic dermatitis have a concomitant diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis. The utility of Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of allergic contact dermatitis and the effect on patch testing results remains unclear. We present a case of a woman in her 30s with atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis who was patch test negative after initiating therapy with upadacitinib.
Use of a double pigtail ureteral stent for surgical management of obstructive pancreatolithiasis in a feline patient
Authors: Chang Lydia , Taylor Jim A
Published: December 2024

Case summary

A 7-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was presented for surgical intervention for obstructive pancreatolithiasis. The patient had a history of chronic weight loss, vomiting and lethargy. Elevation of feline pancreas-specific lipase and a marked decrease in cobalamin were documented on blood biochemistry. Abdominal ultrasound revealed an enlarged right pancreatic limb with a dilated central duct and multiple pancreatoliths visualized within, consistent with partial pancreatic duct obstruction. The patient was successfully treated with a minor duodenal papilla construction using a 2.5 Fr double pigtail ureteral stent.

Relevance and novel information

Pancreatolithiasis is an exceptionally rare condition in veterinary medicine, particularly in cats, with only a few reported cases. Given its low incidence, there is no established consensus regarding the best therapeutic options in clinical practice. This case report outlines the successful application of a locking loop catheter to re-establish the patency of a pancreatic duct. Notably, this is the first documented use of this technique for the surgical management of obstructive pancreatolithiasis.
A qualitative study exploring the digital therapeutic alliance with fully automated smartphone apps
Authors: Brotherdale Rebecca , Berry Katherine , Bucci Sandra
Published: December 2024

Background

Digital mental health interventions are increasingly used to scale up access to mental health support, yet very few mental health apps are empirically supported, with high attrition rates. The therapeutic alliance between therapists and clients is a key factor in predicting psychological therapy retention and outcomes. Understanding how this concept translates to the digital context, the so-called digital therapeutic alliance (DTA), may help enhance retention and outcomes in digital mental health.

Objectives

To explore and conceptualise the DTA with mental health interventions delivered by standalone apps. Specifically: (1) whether people with mental health difficulties form an alliance with mental health apps; (2) what constitutes the DTA; and (3) the similarities and differences across the traditional therapeutic alliance and DTA.

Methods

Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 individuals utilising mental health apps. Interview topic examples included rationale for app support, goals around app use and perceived connection. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Five core themes were identified: (1) connection with ‘an other’; (2) accessibility; (3) choice and empowerment; (4) goals and expectations: having lower expectations than in-person support; and (5) safe place: non-judgemental, loyalty, trust.

Conclusions

The study strengthens support for the concept of the DTA but adds to existing knowledge by suggesting that the DTA needs to be conceived differently to the traditional therapeutic alliance. App developers can enhance alliance by paying particular attention to the use of human voice features, validating statements, personalised interfaces, and multiple options for activities and strategies.
Bias and Polarization in the Qatargate Scandal: A Social Media Perspective
Authors: Marchetti Rita , Stanziano Anna , Mincigrucci Roberto , Pagiotti Susanna
Published: December 2024

While legacy media have received increasing attention in the literature on media and corruption in recent years, the role of digital media and, in particular, social media is still an open question in corruption and anti-corruption studies Through this study, we aim to partially bridge the existing gap in literature by focusing our attention on the study of a corruption scandal, namely the Qatargate scandal. We will demonstrate that the affordances of platforms could exacerbate the instrumentalization of corruption scandals, emphasizing the contrast of positions and creating new (and reiterating old) biases in the narrative of a corruption case.