bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tec1 and Ste12 transcription factors play a role in adaptation to low pH stress and biofilm formation in the human opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida glabrata
Authors: Purohit Divya H , Gajjar Devarshi U
Published: May 2022

Eukaryotic cells respond to environmental cues through mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Each MAPK cascade is specific to particular stimuli and mediates specialized responses through activation of transcription factors. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the pheromone-induced mating pathway and the starvation-responsive invasive growth/filamentation pathway generate their distinct outputs through the transcription factors Ste12 and Tec1 respectively. In this study, we report the functional characterization of these transcription factors in the closely related human opportunistic pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata . Two homologues each for S. cerevisiae TEC1 and STE12 were identified in C. glabrata . Both C. glabrata Tec1 proteins contain the N-terminal TEA DNA binding domain characteristic of the TEA/ATTS transcription factor family. Similarly, the DNA-binding homeodomain shared by members of the highly conserved fungal Ste12 transcription factor family is present in N-terminus of both C. glabrata Ste12 transcription factors. We show that both C. glabrata STE12 genes are at least partial functional orthologues of S. cerevisiae STE12 as they can rescue the mating defect of haploid S. cerevisiae ste12 null mutant. Knockout of one of the STE12 genes (ORF CAGL0H02145g) leads to decreased biofilm development; a stronger biofilm-impaired phenotype results from loss of both CgSTE12 genes in the double deletion mutant ( Cgste12 ΔΔ). The transcript levels of one of the TEC1 genes (ORF CAGL0M01716g) were found to be upregulated upon exposure to low pH, its deletion causes slightly increased sensitivity to higher concentrations of acetic acid. Heat shock leads to increase in mRNA levels of one of the STE12 genes (ORF CAGL0M01254g). These findings suggest a role of Tec1 and Ste12 transcription factors in the regulation of some traits (biofilm formation, response to low pH stress and elevated temperature) that contribute to C. glabrata ’s ability to colonize various host niches and to occasionally cause disease.
Microcirculation and Neutrophil-related cytokine concentrations are not altered around narrow diameter implants in T2DM patients during wound healing
Authors: Diehl Daniel , Kaner Doğan , Bockholt Amelie , Bilhan Hakan , Friedmann Anton
Published: May 2022

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the microcirculation and the expression patterns of wound-healing related cytokines around narrow-diameter implants in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and normo-glycemic patients.
Materials and methods
A total of 31 patients, 15 of which diagnosed with T2DM (HbA1c > 6.5) and 16 normo-glycemic patients received narrow diameter implants in the posterior mandible or maxilla. During the 3-month healing period, soft-tissue perfusion was monitored via Laser-Doppler flowmetry. Peri-implant fluid (PICF) was harvested and analyzed for concentrations of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin-23 (IL-23), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) by a multiplex, bead-based immunoassay.
Results
Microcirculatory perfusion patterns during wound healing exhibited no significant differences throughout the observation period. IL-1ß concentrations were expectedly elevated during the early phases of wound healing. At the first visit after surgery, IL-23 concentrations were significantly higher in implants of diabetic patients. This difference was diminished over the course of the observation period. For the other tested analytes, no differences were observable between both groups.
Conclusion
Wound healing after implant surgery was similar in T2DM and healthy patients. Hydrophilic-surface titanium-zirconium implants with reduced diameter may be considered for implant therapy of Diabetes mellitus type II patients.
Hoveyzeh ear cohort study in southwest Iran: Objectives and design
Authors: Saki Nader , Rahimi Zahra , Cheraghian Bahman , Rahim Fakher , Poustchi Hossein , Saki Sara , Bayat Arash
Published: May 2022

Background: Hearing loss is the fourth leading cause of disability in the world. The growing trend of this disease has made it a serious public health issue that requires well-designed and coordinated measures at the global, regional, and local levels. The current cohort study aimed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of different types of hearing loss and identify the risk and protective factors in the study population.Methods: Hoveyzeh ear cohort (HEC) is a population-based cohort study that focuses on the audiological profile of 10,009 participants 35-70 years old who will recruit between May 2017 to January 2023. This study is conducted in the enrolment phase consisting of three steps registration, audiological assessments, and follow-up phase. Results: A total of 1845 participants, aged 35-70 years old, that have been registered in the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study (HCS) are included in this pilot study. Our findings revealed that 947 participants (51.3%) had some degree of hearing loss in the pilot study. The prevalence of hearing loss was significantly correlated with demographical and socioeconomic variables including age, sex, educational level, marital status, wealth status, skilled levels, Townsend index, and smoking (p-value<0.05). We also found a significant correlation between the prevalence of hearing loss with clinical variables including tinnitus sensation, dizziness sensation, and history of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, ear surgery, head trauma, and noise exposure (p-value<0.05). However, no significant correlation was found between the prevalence of hearing loss and the type of residence, wealth index, and alcohol consumption.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that hearing loss is an important contributor to the burden of chronic disability in Iran. There is a wide range of demographic, socio-economic, and medical parameters that affect the consequences of hearing loss. This study can provide the context of many studies in the field of hearing.
A Detailed Macroscopic Scoring System for Experimental Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in the Equine Middle Carpal Joint
Authors: Andersen Camilla , Jacobsen Stine , Walters Else Marie , Lindegaard Casper
Published: May 2022

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a significant problem in both people and horses. Experimental models of equine carpal OA have been used to investigate the pathogenesis of OA and to evaluate potential therapeutic candidates. A 5-scale scoring system (OARSI) for macroscopic pathological cartilage changes already exists, but there is a need for a scoring system with better differentiation of severity. The aim of this study was therefore to develop and validate such a scoring system. Results: New scoring system were developed for cartilage erosions (Copenhagen Equine Total Cartilage Score, CEqTCS) along with synovial membrane pathology and osteochondral fragment healing (Copenhagen Equine Carpal Osteoarthritis Score, CEqCOAS). For the CEqTCS there was excellent intraclass agreement (ICC=0.993; CI: 0.985-0.996; p = 1.08e-31) and consistency (ICC=0.992; CI: 0.985-0.996; p=4.61e-31), as well as excellent interclass agreement (ICC=0.974; CI: 0.948-0.987, p=2e-22) and consistency (ICC=0.973; CI: 0.946-0.987; p=2.77e-22), while the OARSI system had moderate (k = 0.47) and weak (k = 0.28) inter- and intra-class agreement, respectively. The OARSI score and the CEqTCS correlated excellently, but every OARSI grade encompassed a wide range of CEqTCS grades. The new score for assessment of equine OA provides means to a better differentiation of OA changes than the existing OARSI system.
Systematic levels of IL-29 and microRNA185-5p were not associated with severe COVID-19 in the Iranian population
Authors: Sarrafi Omidreza , Kariminik Ashraf , Arababadi Mohammad Kazemi
Published: May 2022

Background: Increased systematic pro-inflammatory cytokines is the main cause of the inflammatory conditions of the hospitalized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients. In this project serum levels of IL-29 and whole blood levels of microRNA-185-5p (miR-185-5p) were evaluated in the hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.Methods: This project was performed on the 60 hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients and 60 healthy controls to evaluate IL-29 and miR185-5p expression levels. IL-29 expression was explored using enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA), while miR185-5p was evaluated using Real-Time PCR techniques.Results: The results demonstrated that neither IL-29 serum levels nor relative expressions of miR-185-5p were significantly different between patients and healthy controls. Conclusion: Due to the results that are presented here, systematic levels of IL-29 and miR-185-5p cannot be considered as the main risk factors for induction of inflammation in the hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.
Accuracy Decay Mechanism of Ball Screw in CNC Machine Tools for Mixed Sliding-rolling Motion under Non-constant Operating Conditions
Authors: Qi Baobao , Zhao Jiajia , Chen Chuanhai , Song Xianchun , Jiang Hongkui
Published: May 2022

The ball screw (BS) has become an indispensable key functional component in many fields, such as CNC machine tools, precision transmission system and special service requirements. Its accuracy reliability is a key performance in many application fields. There is a phenomenon of mixed slip-roll motion during the BS operation, however, both non-constant working conditions and mixed sliding-rolling motion mode affect the its accuracy decay. In this paper, the modeling method of accuracy decay for mixed sliding-rolling motion behavior is established under non-constant operating conditions. The accuracy reliability of the BS is analyzed under single non-constant operation condition or multiple non-constant operating conditions, and the accuracy decay is predicted though modeling method proposed. In addition, the experimental analysis of the BS accuracy degradation is carried out under three different amplitudes of AL (non-constant axial load), FR (non-constant feed rate) and AL + FR combination conditions. The average value of the accuracy loss relative error between theoretical model and experimental test results is smaller than that under pure sliding motion. It shows that the accuracy decay analysis model established is beneficial to predict the BS accuracy reliability.
Artificial Intelligence-based Point-of-care Lung Ultrasound for Screening COVID-19 Pneumoniae: Comparison with CT Scans
Authors: Kuroda Yumi , Kaneko Tomohiro , Yoshikawa Hitomi , Uchiyama Saori , Nagata Yuichi , Matsushita Yasushi , Hiki Makoto , Minamino Tohru , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Daida Hiroyuki , Kagiyama Nobuyuki
Published: May 2022

Background: Although lung ultrasound has been reported to be a portable, cost-effective, and accurate method to detect pneumonia, it has not been widely used because of the difficulty in its interpretation. Here, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a novel artificial intelligence-based automated pneumonia detection method using point-of-care lung ultrasound (AI-POCUS) for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: We enrolled consecutive patients admitted with COVID-19 who underwent computed tomography (CT) in August and September 2021. A 12-zone AI-POCUS was performed by a novice observer using a pocket-size device within 24 h of the CT scan. Fifteen control subjects were also scanned. Additionally, the accuracy of the simplified 8-zone scan excluding the dorsal chest, was assessed. More than three B-lines detected in one lung zone were considered zone-level positive, and the presence of positive AI-POCUS in any lung zone was considered patient-level positive.Results: A total of 577 lung zones from 56 subjects (59.4 ± 14.8 years, 23% female) were evaluated using AI-POCUS. The mean number of days from disease onset was 9, and 14% of patients were under mechanical ventilation. The patient-level accuracy of 12-zone AI-POCUS for detecting CT-validated pneumonia was 94.5%, sensitivity was 92.3%, and specificity was 100%. When simplified with 8-zone scan, the accuracy, sensitivity, and sensitivity were 83.9%, 77.5%, and 100%, respectively. The zone-level accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of AI-POCUS were 65.3 %, 37.2%, and 97.8 %, respectively.Interpretation: AI-POCUS using the novel pocket-size ultrasound system showed excellent agreement with CT-validated COVID-19 pneumonia, even when used by a novice observer.
Influence of rheological properties and microstructure of microemulsions on the kinetic release of bioactive compounds
Authors: Cortés Noelia Mori , Montoto Sebastián Scioli , Ruiz María Esperanza , Califano Alicia , Lorenzo Gabriel
Published: May 2022

Microemulsions (ME) are one of the most effective ways to incorporate lipophilic active compounds into water-based food matrices. Great stability, colloidal domain droplets, and optical isotropy are some of the ME advantages. The present work analyzes the influence of rheological behavior and microstructural characteristics of food microemulsions on the release rate of lipophilic vitamins. A fluid ME was compared to a ME with higher dispersed phase content and a bicontinuous structure (gel-ME). Additionally, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was added to fluid ME (3.5 and 10 g/100g), obtaining systems with different viscosity and microstructure. All ME were characterized using FTIR, rheological analysis, and TEM microscopy. Those systems with similar zero-shear viscosity showed significantly different viscoelastic behavior; gel-ME behaved like a concentrated suspension of macromolecules but with the largest plateau modulus. Microemulsions with CMC exhibited a viscoelastic solid type with G’ > G’’. Mechanical spectra were satisfactorily fitted with Generalized Maxwell model and the relaxation time spectra were determined. Kinetic release of vitamins E and D was studied and modeled at 37°C. Fluid and gel-ME reached higher percentages of release in a very fast manner, while CMC systems showed a matrix-driven nature of the release, in agreement with the relaxation time behavior determined from rheological experiments.
The estimate of the required amount of water on the growth of five species of Paulownia at the first year of cultivation in a Central Europe
Authors: Kadlec Jiří , Novosadová Kateřina , Pokorný Radek
Published: May 2022

Needed precipitation or supplied water is not known for mostly hybrids. Therefore, we chose one species Paulownia tomentosa and four hybrids - P. bellissia®, P. Clon in vitro 112®, P. Shan Tong and P. Hybrid 9502. We found out how three types of watering affect their height and thickness increment, amount of leaf biomass and leaf area and if the reaction of plants of these species/hybrids to the amount of water is different. We planted 30 plants of each species/hybrids into plant pots under a shelter. At the end of the growing season, we measured the total heights of the plants, the lengths of the current-year shoots, the stem thicknesses of the current-year shoots, and the distances of the ends of the leaves furthest from the stem in the directions of all four cardinal points. We determined leaves area and their weighed (calculated the projection area of the crown and the leaf area index). Our results showed that, generally, the mean precipitation 50 mm per month in vegetation season seems to be insufficient for optimal growth of Paulownia plants in the first years after planting. Depending on the species, Paulownia Shan Tong seems to grow better under 100 mm per month in vegetation season; Paulownia tomentosa seems to grow better under 150 mm (and more) per month in vegetation season; and the plants of Paulownia Hybrid 9502, P. bellissia® and P. Clon in vitro 112® did not achieve optimal growth (values), no matter which type of watering we used.
Identification of stromal microenvironment characteristics and key molecular mining in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ji Hongchen , Zhang Qiong , Wang Xiangxu , Li Junjie , Wang Xiaowen , Pan Wei , Zhang Zhuochao , Ma Ben , Zhang Hong-Mei
Published: May 2022

Purpose
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. The extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment affects the drug sensitivity and prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. This study constructed an 8-genes pancreatic ECM scoring (PECMS) model, to classify the ECM features of pancreatic cancer, analyze the impact of ECM features on survival and drug sensitivity, and mine key molecules that influence ECM features in pancreatic cancer.
Methods
GSVA score calculation and clustering were performed in TCGA-PAAD patients. Lasso regression was used to construct the PECMS model. The association between PECMS and patient survival was analyzed and validated in the CPTAC-3 dataset of TCGA and our single-center retrospective cohort. The relationships between PECMS and features of the matrix microenvironment were analyzed. Finally, PECMS feature genes were screened and verified in pancreatic cancer specimens to select key genes associated with the ECM microenvironment.
Result
The survival of the PECMS-high group was significantly worse. The PECMS-high group showed higher oxidative stress levels, lower levels of antigen presentation- and MHC-I molecule-related pathways, and less immune effector cell infiltration. Data from IMvigor-210 cohort suggested that PECMS-low group patients were more sensitive to immune checkpoint blockers. The PECMS score was negatively correlated with chemotherapy drug sensitivity. The negative association of PECMS with survival and drug sensitivity was validated in our retrospective cohort. KLHL32 expression predicted lower oxidative stress level and more immune cells infiltrate in pancreatic cancer.
Conclusion
PECMS is an effective predictor of prognosis and drug sensitivity in pancreatic cancer patients. KLHL32 may play an important role in the construction of ECM, and the mechanism is worth further study.
Coastal scenic assessment in northern France: a useful tool for characterization and conservation of most attractive sites following the Conservatoire du littoral management approach
Authors: Mooser Alexis , Anfuso Giorgio , Herbert Vincent , Williams Allan Thomas , Aucelli Pietro P.C
Published: May 2022

“Buy to protect”: this may be the Conservatoire du Littoral philosophy. Since 1975, this unique public French institution endeavours to acquire vulnerable and threatened coastal areas of great natural relevance to ensure their permanent and sound management/protection by establishing conventions with local authorities. This paper is focused on (i) the research of remarkable attractive natural sites not (or only slightly) affected by human intrusions, (ii) the analysis of the Conservatoire policies related to landscape issues and (iii) the proposal of judicious measures to assess/maintain/enhance/monitor landscape quality. For such proposals, the Coastal Scenic Evaluation System (CSES) method was in situ applied along the northern French coast, from Belgium to the Seine estuary. This area, shaped in a macrotidal environment, was chosen as it exhibits a wide variety of scenery composed of majestic dunes complexes, estuaries, bays and impressive cliff formations, alongside a strong cultural heritage. It also includes some world-renowned sites such as Les Deux Caps (Gris-Nez and Blanc-Nez), the Somme Bay and the cliffs of Étretat. CSES is a strong accurate indicator of scenic quality based on 26 physical and human parameters, and fuzzy-logic mathematics to overcome subjectivity and quantify uncertainties. As a result, an evaluation index (D) is obtained, enabling to classify sites into five distinct classes, from Class I (outstanding quality) to Class V (very poor quality). In this paper, 16 sectors respectively located along the Côte d’Opale (8), Côte Picarde (4) and Côte d’Albâtre (4) were selected after a long process of field testing. Seven were included in Class I, five in Class II and four in Class III. Finally, suggestions were made to complete the remarkable labour done by the Conservatoire.
Sustainable Fish Feeds: Optimization of Levels of Inorganic Fertilizers for Mass Production of Oocystis Sp. For Climate Smart Aquaculture
Authors: Mukoma Marvin Gaye , Odour Steve Omondi , Otachi Elick Onyango
Published: May 2022

Use of microalgae as source of food in aquaculture production is gaining recognition due to their rapid growth rate that promises high biomass generation within a short time. The challenge faced is getting good and inexpensive nutrients source to be used in mass production of the required microalgae. This study investigated the effect of different nutrient combination in influencing the growth rate of the of the green algae Oocystis sp. which has been indentified as possible protein source for the raising of Orechromis niloticus fingerlings for fish farming. Modified Bolds 3N Medium and commercial agricultural fertilisers (urea, NPK and DAP) media were compared to establish the appropriate combination that would result into high biomass generation but at the lowest cost possible. The Modified Bold 3N Medium acted as the control, at a cost of 11.28 KSh per litre, the other media were derived from urea, NPK and DAP (varying the ratio of each) at a cost of treatment 1 (0.14 KSh per litre), treatment 2 (0.18 KSh per litre) and treatment 3 (0.22 KSh per litre). The algae was cultured for five weeks with samples taken daily for biomass analyses using chloropyhll-a concentration as the surrogate for Oocystis sp. biomass for 30 days, from each treatment was determined. The growth rate, doubling time, and divisions per day were then estimated based on this chlorophyll-a concentration. The results showed that the mean concentrations of chlorophyll-a in treatment 1 was highest (7.715 ± 0.667 µg/ml) while treatment 3 (6.441 ± 0.555 µg/ml) had the least. There was no significant differences in the mean concentrations of chlorophyll-a in the four treatments (Kruskal-Wallis H test: P > 0.05). The chlorophyll-a concentration varied significantly in each treatment with time (Kruskal-Wallis H test: P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the growth rate (Kruskal-Wallis H test: P > 0.05), divisions per day (Kruskal-Wallis H test: P > 0.05), and doubling time (Kruskal-Wallis H test: P > 0.05) from the different treatments. The results of this study showed that inorganic fertilizers can be used as cost-effective media in the mass scale culture of Oocystis sp.
Levetiracetam modulates EEG Microstates in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Ricci Lorenzo , Croce Pierpaolo , Pulitano Patrizia , Boscarino Marilisa , Zappasodi Filippo , Narducci Flavia , Lanzone Jacopo , Sancetta Biagio , Mecarelli Oriano , Lazzaro Vincenzo Di , Tombini Mario , Assenza Giovanni
Published: May 2022

Objective: To determine the effects of Levetiracetam (LEV) therapy using EEG microstates analysis in a population of newly diagnosed Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) patients. We hypothesized that the impact of LEV therapy on the electrical activity of the brain can be globally explored using EEG microstates.Methods: Twenty-seven patients with TLE were examined. We performed resting-state microstate EEG analysis and compared microstate metrics between the EEG performed at baseline (EEGpre) and after three months of LEV therapy (EEGpost). Results: The microstates A, B, C and D emerged as the most stable. LEV induced a reduction of microstate B and D mean duration and occurrence per second (p<0.01). Additionally, LEV treatment increased the directional predominance of microstate A to C and microstate B to D (p=0.01).Conclusions: LEV treatment induces a modulation of resting-state EEG microstates in newly diagnosed TLE patients. Microstates analysis has the potential to identify a neurophysiological indicator of LEV therapeutic activity. This study of EEG microstates in people with epilepsy opens an interesting path to identify potential LEV activity biomarkers that may involve increased neuronal inhibition of the epileptic network.
First assessment on the influence of wind farms and high-voltage networks on Ruddy-headed goose migration in Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Pedrana Julieta , Gorosábel Antonella , Pütz Klemens , Bernad Lucía
Published: May 2022

Ruddy-headed goose Chloephaga rubidiceps has a migratory population that overwinters mainly in the Pampas region, Argentina, and breeds in Southern Patagonia. This population has decreased considerably, with less than 800 individuals remaining to date. We conducted the first assessment on the influence of environmental and anthropogenic impact (wind farms and high voltage networks) variables on Ruddy-headed goose migration pathways across the Patagonian coast by applying kernel density analyses and statistical procedures on satellite tracking data obtained from six Ruddy-headed geese during their migration pathways between 2015 and 2018. Five core distribution areas were identified during migration. During autumn migration, core areas were associated with high primary productivity and low elevation areas, while during spring migration they were located in the proximity of watercourses and waterbodies. We found that around 30% of the grid cells included in the high-density areas were located in the influence area of high voltage networks during both migrations. While 33% of the grid cells included in the high-density areas were in the influence zone of wind farms during autumn migration; while this applied to only 13% during spring migration. We highlight areas of high risk along the distributional range of the species where large-scale patterns of collision mortality are likely to occur and mitigation measures should be prioritized. We suggest proactive measures that could mitigate future collisions with energy infrastructure because, given their threatened status, a few deaths may have a large effect on the small remnant population.
Genetic analysis of Torque teno canis virus identified in Korea
Authors: Kim Da-Yoon , Ahn Hee-Seop , Han Sang-Hoon , Go Hyeon-Jeong , Kim Dong-Hwi , Kim Jae-Hyeong , Lee Joong-Bok , Park Seung-Yong , Song Chang-Seon , Lee Sang-Won , Choi In-Soo
Published: May 2022

The Torque teno canis virus (TTCaV) is a 2.8 kb-long circular single-stranded DNA virus that has been reported to cause infections in dogs. In this study, 135 fecal samples of dogs were collected in South Korea to determine TTCaV infection status. When the prevalence was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 17 of 135 (12.6%) patients tested positive for TTCaV. Three full genetic sequences (GenBank IDs: MZ503910, MZ503911, and MZ503912) and 12 ORF1 sequences (GenBank IDs: MZ503913–MZ503924) were obtained from the 17 fecal specimens. Sequence identity, phylogenetic, similarity plot, and recombination analyses were performed using the three full TTCaV genomes. One (MZ503912) of the three TTCaVs was found to be a recombinant virus when analyzed with their full genomic sequences. The recombinant virus might have been generated between one TTCaV strain, KX827768, discovered in China, and MZ503910, which was identified in Korea. This is the first report to determine the prevalence, genetic variation, and recombination of TTCaVs in dogs in Korea. Our study demonstrated that TTCaV exists in Korea. Further studies are needed on the pathogenesis of TTCaV in dogs.
Does increase in women's empowerment and socio-economic conditions affect uptake of breast cancer screening? Findings from NFHS (5), India
Authors: Patil Priti , Sarang Bhakti , Bhandarkar Prashant , Ghoshal Rakhi , Roy Nobhojit , Gadgil Anita
Published: May 2022

Background: Breast cancer screening results in early recovery, good prognosis and improving the overall survival due to disease. However, proportion of women undergoing breast cancer screening are minimal and their participation get influenced due to low socio-economic and women empowerment status (SES and WES). This study explores the relationship of SES and WES with the breast cancer screening uptakes in the states and union territories of India using demographic health survey.Methods: We used secondary data based on the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) state level factsheet for this study. SES and WES were considered as independent variables and breast cancer screening uptakes as dependent variable. Dimension indices based composite scores were calculated for this purpose. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to find the association between the SES and WES with breast cancer screening uptake. The determinants of breast cancer screening were obtained using a simple linear regression model using the DI values of each indicator.Results: We found breast cancer screening gets influenced by the SES and WES. State level indicators shows that spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of breast cancer screening is moderately positive with socio-economic (0.336) and women empowerment (0.378) status. The highest screening uptake seen in Tamilnadu and lowest in Chandigarh. Women literacy rate and women having self-operated bank account found the significantly associated with the BC screening. Conclusion: This study underlines that improving SES and WES may influence the breast cancer screening uptake. However, not all the components of SES and WES considered in the study are equally influential. More research is needed for the states with relatively higher WES and SES, but do not screen adequately.
Correlation between Earnings Management and Financial Distress among Selected Firms in Kenya
Authors: Kamau Charles Guandaru , Ali Abdulkadir Banafa , Kariuki Samuel Nduati
Published: May 2022

This paper evaluates the link between earnings management and financial distress among listed firms in Kenya. The assessment compares the modified Jones score, which is commonly used to measure discretionary accruals, with Altman’s Z score, which measures the degree of financial distress. The earnings management and financial distress. The selected firms under this study are known to be financially distressed as per the publicly available information. The hypothesis tests express whether a correlation exists between earnings management and financial distress. The result also highlights the level of significance of the effect of earnings management on financial distress.
Dendrobium officinale Endophytes May Colonize the Intestinal Tract and Regulate Gut Microbiota in Mice
Authors: Chen Wenhua , Yu Lilong , Zhu Bo , Qin Luping
Published: May 2022

Dendrobium officinale is a traditional Chinese medicine for treating gastrointestinal diseases by nourishing “Yin” and thickening stomach lining. To study whether D. officinale endophytes can colonize the intestinal tract and regulate gut microbiota in mice, we used hot-pressure and 60Co-γ radiation to eliminate D. officinale endophytes from its juice. Then, high-throughput ITS1-ITS2 rDNA and 16S rRNA gene amplicons were sequenced to analyze the microbial community of D. officinale endophytes and fecal samples of mice after administration of fresh D. officinale juice. Sterilization of D. officinale juice by autoclaving for 40 min (ASDO40) could more effectively eliminate the D. officinale endophytes and decrease their interference on the gut microbiota. D. officinale juice could increase beneficial gut microbiota and metabolites including short-chain fatty acids. D. officinale endophytes Pseudomonas mosselii, Trichocladium asperum, Titata maxilliformis, Clonostachys epichloe, and Rhodotorula babjevae could colonize the intestinal tract of mice and modulate gut microbiota after oral administration of the juice for 28 days. Thus, the regulatory effect of D. officinale juice on gut microbiota was observed, which provides a basis for inferring that D. officinale endophytes might colonize the intestinal tract and participate in regulating gut microbiota to treat diseases. Thus, this study further provides a new approach for the treatment of diseases by colonizing plant endophytes in the intestinal tract and regulating gut microbiota.
Fatal outcome of isolated patients who suffered an in-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Haschemi Jafer , Haurand Jean Marc , Oehler Daniel , Westenfeld Ralf , Kelm Malte , Horn Patrick
Published: May 2022

Background: Isolation of patients in single-patient rooms for infection control precautions is a daily practice to reduce the propagation of various infectious agents. Isolation of patients leads to less contact with medical staff. Our objective was to assess whether isolated patients who suffer an in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) have lower survival to hospital discharge as non-isolated IHCA patients.Methods: A single-center, observational study was performed including adult patients suffering in-hospital cardiac arrest. We screened for IHCA occurrence and the isolation state in 75,987 patients that had been hospitalized from 2016 to 2019 at the internal medicine or neurology departments at the university hospital. Primary endpoint was survival to discharge. Neurological outcome was assessed at discharge using the cerebral performance category scale. Results: In five consecutive years, 4,249 out of 75,987 patients (5.6%) had to be isolated for infection control precautions. In-hospital cardiac arrest occurred in 32 (0.8%) of these isolated patients and in 410 out of 71,738 non-isolated patients (0.6%) (p=0.130). Propensity score matching yielded 30 isolated and 30 non-isolated patients who suffered an IHCA, without a difference in baseline characteristics, IHCA etiology, and characteristics of cardiac arrests between the groups. Only one out of 30 isolated patients (3.3%) survived to discharge after IHCA compared to 11 non-isolated patients (36.6%) (risk difference, 33.3% [95% CI, 14.9%–51.7%]. None of the 30 isolated patients were discharged with good neurological outcomes compared to nine out of 30 non-isolated IHCA patients (30%) (risk difference, 30% [95% CI, 13.6%–46.4%]). In the multivariate analysis, patient isolation was an independent predictor of poor survival after IHCA (OR, 18.99; 95% CI, 2.467–133.743). Conclusions: Isolation of patients for infection control precautions is associated with considerable poorer survival and neurological outcome in case these patients are suffering an IHCA.
Association of tourniquet utilization with blood loss, pain, rehabilitation, and complications patients with hypertension undergoing TKA—A Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial
Authors: Guo Feng , Song Bing , Zhang Liping , Zhang Yaohua , Xie Huanxin , Zhang Hongyue , Yang Huaqing
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The primary aim was to compare the effects of different tourniquet application methods during the TKA surgery of patients with hypertension and determine the best technique of using a tourniquet.Methods: A total of 100 patients were divided into three groups. Patients in group A who underwent TKA with tourniquet using before skin incision, and released after the skin was closed, and patients in group B with tourniquet using before the knee prosthesis was placed, and leased after the skin was closed. Patients in group C with tourniquet use before placing knee prosthesis, the tourniquet was leased after bone cement solidified. The following medical outcomes of the three groups were monitored and recorded: the operation time, intraoperative blood loss volume, postoperative complication, the amount of hidden blood loss, total blood loss, blood transfusion, swelling rate, visual analogue scale (VAS) and the knee society score (KSS).Results: The intraoperative blood loss in Group A was significantly low than that in Group B and Group C(P<0.05). In terms of hidden blood loss, total blood loss and blood transfusion, the difference among the three groups was statistically significant which Group A was higher than group B and group C(P< 0.05); No significant differences were observed between Group A, Group B and Group C when we compared operation time. The swelling rate and VAS score in group A 3 days after operation was significantly higher than that of group B and group C (P<0.05); KSS score three weeks after operation in group A were significantly lower than those in group B and group C(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in KSS scores between the three groups one year after operation (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Tourniquets could be used before placing the cement knee prosthesis, and loosened after the suture is completed and the pressure bandage is applied, which can obviously improve the intraoperative blood loss and the short-term postoperative functional effect of the patient, with fewer postoperative complications, but the long-term clinical effect needs further observation.
Teachers and Students’ Beliefs about Using L1 (Afaan Oromoo) in the EFL Classroom: the Case of Shambu Primary School, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Bane Gemechu , Kitila Tamene
Published: May 2022

There have always been contradicting views about whether or not to use the L1 of the students in the EFL classroom. While some researchers claim that the L1 should not be used in L2 classrooms, others think that it makes a valuable contribution to the learning process. Thus, the present study sought to explore the teachers' and students’ beliefs about the use of L1 in the context of ongoing debate among researchers and practitioners on whether or not to use the L1 (Afaan Oromoo) in the EFL classroom. Two English teachers and forty-one students of grade seven in Shambu primary school were involved in the study. In this study, data collected through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were analyzed. The results revealed that both teachers and students had positive beliefs about the use of L1 in the English teaching-learning process. The findings showed that the teachers’ use of the students’ L1 in vocabulary and grammar lessons, in particular, facilitates the students’ English language learning. The findings depicted that students prefer to use L1 in the English learning process because they have a better understanding, have a secure feeling in expressing their ideas, and master grammar points. Furthermore, the result of the study also indicated that both teachers and students perceive the necessity of judicious use of L1 to facilitate the teaching and learning of the English language.
Proton Irradiation of SiPM arrays for POLAR-2
Authors: Mianowski Slawomir , De Angelis Nicolas , Hulsman Johannes , Kole Merlin , Kowalski Tomasz , Kusyk Sebastian , Li Hancheng , Mianowska Zuzanna , Mietelski Jerzy , Pollo Agniezska , Rybka Dominik , Sun Jianchao , Swakon Jan , Wróbel Damian , Wu Xin
Published: May 2022

POLAR-2 is a space-borne polarimeter, built to investigate the polarization of Gamma-Ray Bursts and help elucidate their mechanisms. The instrument is targeted for launch in 2024 or 2025 aboard the China Space Station and is being developed by a collaboration between institutes from Switzerland, Germany, Poland and China. The instrument will orbit at an altitude of approximately 300 km with an inclination of 42o and will be subjected to background radiation from cosmic rays and solar events. It is therefore pertinent to better understand the performance of sensitive devices under space-like conditions. Proton Irradiation of SiPM arrays for POLAR-2 In this paper we focus on the radiation damage of the silicon photo-multiplier arrays S13361-6075NE-04 and S14161-6050HS-04 from Hama-matsu. The S13361 are irradiated with 58 MeV protons at several doses up to 4.96 Gy, whereas the newer series S14161 are irradiated at doses of 0.254 Gy and 2.31 Gy. Their respective performance degradation due to radiation damage are discussed. The equivalent exposure time in space for silicon photomultipliers inside POLAR-2 with a dose of 4.96 Gy is 78.1 years (or 5.04 years when disregarding the shielding from the instrument). Primary characteristics of the I-V curves are an increase in the dark current and dark counts, mostly through cross-talk events. Annealing processes at 25C were observed but not studied in further detail. Biasing channels while being irradiated have not resulted in any significant impact. Activation analyses showed a dominant contribution of β + particles around 511 keV. These resulted primarily from copper and carbon, mostly with decay times shorter than the orbital period.
Modifiable risk factors for Hepatitis C virus coinfection among HIV-positive men who have sex men at Île-de-France: need for innovative harm reduction micro-elimination strategies (ANRS 9520 DRIVER)
Authors: Duracinsky Martin , Dimi Svetlane , Carrieri Maria Patrizia , Yaya Issifou , Timsit Julie , Eric Farfour , Fouéré Sebastien , Chassany Olivier , Zucman David
Published: May 2022

Background
Since the last decade, prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infection has increased among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). We aimed to assess the prevalence of HCV coinfection in HIV-positive MSM and identify associated factors in Île-de-France
Method
This was a multicentric study conducted among HIV-positive MSM seen at least once between 2015 and 2017 HIV clinics of Ile-de-France. Clinical data using CRF, sociodemographic and behavioral data including sexual practices using self-administered questionnaire were collected. All the participants were screened for viral hepatitis including HCV infection. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with HCV co-infection
Result
In this study, 781 HIV-positive MSM were included with a mean age of 46.76 years (Standard Deviation [SD] = 10.94) and the mean time since HIV diagnosis was 13.93 ± 9.43 years. Of them, 77 participants were infected with HCV with a prevalence of 9.9%; (95% confidence intervals (CI) 7.9% – 12.2%). In multivariable analysis, after adjustment for time since HIV diagnosis and history of anal proctitis, history of GHB (aOR 3.53 [95%CI] [1.89;6.58], p < 0.001) or amphetamine (4.72 [2.05;10.85], p < 0.001) consumption, active syphilis infection (3.22 [1.08;9.54], p = 0.035), sensation seeking behavior (“My sexual partners must think that I’m a risk taker” (1.90 [1.04;3.48], p = 0.037)) and risk behavior at sexual intercourses in group ([2.01 [1.05;3.82], p = 0.034) were shown to have significant effect on HCV acquisition.
Conclusion:
This showed high prevalence of HCV infection among HIV-positive MSM in Île-de-France, suggesting the need for not only systematic screening for HCV, but also for a HCV micro-elimination among this vulnerable subgroup.
Factors Associated with Severe Covid-19 Despite Vaccination: A Nationwide, Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vo Austin D. , La Jennifer , Wu Julie T. Y. , Strymish Judith M. , Ronan Matthew , Brophy Mary , Do Nhan V. , Branch-Elliman Westyn , Fillmore Nathanael , Monach Paul A.
Published: May 2022

Importance: With a large proportion of the US adult population vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, it is important to identify who remains at risk of severe disease in the event of infection.Objective: To characterize risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease in a vaccinated population.Design: Nationwide, retrospective cohort study.Setting: US Department of Veterans Affairs Hospitals.Participants: US Veteran patients who received a COVID-19 vaccination series and later developed a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.Exposures: Demographics, comorbidities, immunocompromised states, and vaccination-related variables.Main Outcome and Measures: Development of severe versus non-severe COVID-19 disease. Severe disease was defined as hospitalization within 14 days of a positive SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test and either SpO2 < 94%, receipt of supplemental oxygen or dexamethasone, mechanical ventilation, or death within 28 days.Results: Among 110,760 patients with breakthrough infections, 10,612 (9.6%) had severe COVID-19 or died within 28 days of the COVID-19 diagnosis. The strongest risk factor for severe disease despite vaccination was age, which increased with every 5-year increase in age > 50 (approximate adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.5). Risk among patients ≥ 80 years old was particularly high (aOR 16.1, CI 13.1 – 19.9, relative to patients 45-50 years old. Immunocompromising conditions, including receipt of different classes of immunosuppressive medications (aORs 1.73 – 2.44, CIs 1.37 – 2.99) or cytotoxic chemotherapy (aOR 2.69, CI 2.25 – 3.21) prior to breakthrough infection, or leukemias/lymphomas (aOR 1.84, CI 1.59 – 2.14) and chronic conditions associated with end-organ disease, such as heart failure, dementia, and chronic kidney disease, were also associated with increased risk. Receipt of an additional (booster) dose of vaccine was associated with reduced odds of severe disease.Conclusions and Relevance: In this nationwide, retrospective cohort of US Veterans, we identified risk factors for severe disease despite vaccination. Findings could be used to inform outreach efforts for booster vaccinations and to inform clinical decision making about identifying patients who might benefit from pre-exposure prophylaxis and antiviral therapy.
How does the quantum structure of electromagnetic waves describe quantum redshift?
Authors: Kalhor Bahram
Published: May 2022

The Redshift of the electromagnetic waves is a powerful tool for calculating the distance of the objects in space and studying their behavior. However, physicists' misinterpretation of why Redshift occurs has led us to a misunderstanding of the most cosmological phenomena. The paper introduces Quantum Redshift (QR) by using the quantum structure of the electromagnetic waves (QSEW) In the Quantum Redshift, although the Planck constant is the smallest unit of three-dimensional energy, it is consisting of smaller units of one-dimensional energy. The maximum energy of each period of the electromagnetic waves is equal to the Planck constant hence, the capacity of each period is carrying one-dimensional quanta energy. However, in the QR, at the emitting time of the electromagnetic waves, their periods are not fully filled. On the other hand, they are interested in sharing quanta energies with each other to have fully filled periods. Sharing the quanta energies ofا some periods between other periods is the reason for destroying some periods and decreasing the frequency of the electromagnetic waves. Our other studies show Quantum Redshift can well explain the whole phenomenon of the universe, and real data support our theory. The quantum redshift rejects the big bang theory, expansion of space and dark energy. It predicts dark matters and describes CMB. The paper obtains the basic equation of the QR for use in future papers.
The Role of Alternate Nostril Breathing (Anuloma Viloma) Technique in Regulation of Blood Pressure
Authors: Kanorewala Burhanuddin Zoeb , Suryawanshi Yogesh Chandrakant
Published: May 2022

As the world population and pollution are increasing day by day we are embracing to sickness. From ancient times to till 18th century we were following the yoga and naturopathy practices in everyday life. When the industrial revolution started from 18th century we have drastically changed our lifestyle, exercise, and diet practices. We have somehow forgotten this true health treasure given by our ancestors. Recent COVID-19 pandemic situation gave us a lesson about how taking care of health is so important. In yoga and naturopathy, there are numerous practices to make ourselves healthy both internally as well as externally. One of which is the alternate breathing technique popularly known as Anuloma Viloma. It is the yoga technique based on alternate inhaling/exhaling the air via both the nostrils. Different breathing technique are being practiced which shows good benefits to our health but the alternate nostril breathing technique shows the best result in health improvement especially in controlling the blood pressure. The disorders related with breathing are managed well by basic breathing training. The Anuloma Viloma systemizes the breathing pattern and aids in the regulation of blood pressure. In this article, we will look in brief about Anuloma Viloma techniques, different methods and its health benefits. More focus is given on how the Anuloma Viloma practices help in controlling the blood pressure along with other health benefits.