bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrophobic Janus Foam Motors: Self-Propulsion and On-The-Fly Oil Absorption
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Mou Fangzhi , Guo Jingjing , Deng Zhuoyi , Chen Chuanrui , Xu Leilei , Luo Ming , Guan Jianguo
Published: January 2018

In this work, we for the first time have proposed and fabricated a self-propelled Janus foam motor for on-the-fly oil absorption on water by simply loading camphor/stearic acid (SA) mixture as fuels into one end of the SA-modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) foam. The as-fabricated Janus foam motors show an efficient Marangoni effect-based self-propulsion on water for a long lifetime due to the effective inhibition of the rapid release of camphor by the hydrophobic SA in the fuel mixture. Furthermore, they can automatically search, capture, and absorb oil droplets on the fly, and then be spontaneously self-assembled after oil absorption due to the self-propulsion of the motors as well as the attractive capillary interactions between the motors and oil droplets. This facilitates the subsequent collection of the motors from water after the treatment. Since the as-developed Janus foam motors can effectively integrate intriguing behaviors of the self-propulsion, efficient oil capture, and spontaneous self-assembly, they hold great promise for practical applications in water treatment.
Effects of Agitation, Aeration and Temperature on Production of a Novel Glycoprotein GP-1 by Streptomyces kanasenisi ZX01 and Scale-Up Based on Volumetric Oxygen Transfer Coefficient
Authors: Zhou Yong , Han Li-Rong , He Hong-Wei , Sang Bu , Yu Dai-Lin , Feng Jun-Tao , Zhang Xing
Published: January 2018

The effects of temperature, agitation and aeration on glycoprotein GP-1 production by Streptomyces kanasenisi ZX01 in bench-scale fermentors were systematically investigated. The maximum final GP-1 production was achieved at an agitation speed of 200 rpm, aeration rate of 2.0 vvm and temperature of 30 °C. By using a dynamic gassing out method, the effects of agitation and aeration on volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) were also studied. The values of volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient in the logarithmic phase increased with increase of agitation speed (from 14.53 to 32.82 h−1) and aeration rate (from 13.21 to 22.43 h−1). In addition, a successful scale-up from bench-scale to pilot-scale was performed based on volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient, resulting in final GP-1 production of 3.92, 4.03, 3.82 and 4.20 mg/L in 5 L, 15 L, 70 L and 500 L fermentors, respectively. These results indicated that constant volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient was appropriate for the scale-up of batch fermentation of glycoprotein GP-1 by Streptomyces kanasenisi ZX01, and this scale-up strategy successfully achieved 100-fold scale-up from bench-scale to pilot-scale fermentor.
Positron Spectroscopy of Nanodiamonds after Hydrogen Sorption
Authors: Nikitina Lyudmila , Laptev Roman , Abzaev Yuri , Lider Andrey , Ivashutenko Alexander
Published: January 2018

The structure and defects of nanodiamonds influence the hydrogen sorption capacity. Positronium can be used as a sensor for detecting places with the most efficient capture of hydrogen atoms. Hydrogenation of carbon materials was performed from gas atmosphere. The concentration of hydrogen absorbed by the sample depends on the temperature and pressure. The concentration 1.2 wt % is achieved at the temperature of 243 K and the pressure of 0.6 MPa. The hydrogen saturation of nanodiamonds changes the positron lifetime. Increase of sorption cycle numbers effects the positron lifetime, as well as the parameters of the Doppler broadening of annihilation line. The electron-positron annihilation being a sensitive method, it allows detecting the electron density fluctuation of the carbon material after hydrogen saturation.
Remembering Ben Barres
Authors: Butt Arthur , Nedergaard Maiken , Verkhratsky Alexei
Published: January 2018

Ben Barres, who was at the heart of glial cell physiology for over 30 years, died aged 63 on December 27, 2017.[...]
Malnutrition, Inflammation, Atherosclerosis Syndrome (MIA) and Diet Recommendations among End-Stage Renal Disease Patients Treated with Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Maraj Małgorzata , Kuśnierz-Cabala Beata , Dumnicka Paulina , Gala-Błądzińska Agnieszka , Gawlik Katarzyna , Pawlica-Gosiewska Dorota , Ząbek-Adamska Anna , Mazur-Laskowska Małgorzata , Ceranowicz Piotr , Kuźniewski Marek
Published: January 2018

Malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis syndrome is one of the causes of increased mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of the study was to assess the inflammation and nutritional status of patients in end-stage kidney disease treated with maintenance hemodialysis. The study included a group of 98 hemodialyzed patients with stage 5 CKD (38 women and 60 men). Albumin, prealbumin (PRE), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in serum samples collected before mid-week dialysis. Fruit and vegetables frequency intakes were assessed with a questionnaire. CRP was above the reference limit of 5 mg/L in 53% of patients. Moreover, the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) indicated the co-occurrence of inflammation and protein calorie malnutrition in 11% of patients, and the presence of either inflammation or malnutrition in 25%. The questionnaire revealed that hemodialyzed patients frequently exclude fruit and vegetables from their diets. Nearly 43% of the interviewed patients declared frequently eating vegetables, and 35% declared frequently eating fruit, a few times per week or less. The most frequently selected fruit and vegetables had a low antioxidant capacity. The strict dietary restrictions in CKD are difficult to fulfill, and if strictly followed, may lead to protein-calorie malnutrition.
Searching for Natural Conductive Fibrous Structures via a Green Sustainable Approach Based on Jute Fibers and Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Ferreira Diana , Ferreira Armando , Fangueiro Raul
Published: January 2018

This paper provides new insights regarding jute fibers functionalization with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with improved conductivity values and highlights the sustainability of the processes involved. These NPs were applied onto jute fabrics by two different sustainable methods: ultraviolet (UV) photoreduction and by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a reducing agent and stabilizer. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) images demonstrated that the Ag NPs were incorporated on the jute fibers surface by the two different approaches, with sizes ranging from 70 to 100 nm. Diffuse reflectance spectra revealed the plasmon absorption band, corresponding to the formation of metallic Ag NPs, in all samples under study. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to characterize the obtained samples, demonstrating NPs adsorption to the surface of the fibers. The resistivity value obtained by the two-point probe method of the jute fabric without functionalization is about 1.5 × 107 Ω·m, whereas, after NPs functionalization, it decreased almost 15,000 times, reaching a value of 1.0 × 103 Ω·m. Further research work is being undertaken for improving these values, however, 1000 Ω·m of resistivity (conductivity = 0.001 S/m) is already a very reasonable value when compared with those obtained with other developed systems based on natural fibers. In summary, this work shows that the use of very simple methodologies enabled the functionalization of jute fibers with reasonable values of conductivity. This achievement has a huge potential for use in smart textile composites.
A Molecular Dynamics Study of Crosslinked Phthalonitrile Polymers: The Effect of Crosslink Density on Thermomechanical and Dielectric Properties
Authors: Chua Janel , Tu Qingsong
Published: January 2018

In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) and molecular mechanics (MM) simulations are used to study well-equilibrated models of 4,4′-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)biphenyl (BPh)–1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene (m-APB) phthalonitrile (PN) system with a range of crosslink densities. A cross-linking technique is introduced to build a series of systems with different crosslink densities; several key properties of this material, including thermal expansion, mechanical properties and dielectric properties are studied and compared with experimental results. It is found that the coefficient of linear thermal expansion predicted by the model is in good agreement with experimental results and indicative of the good thermal stability of the PN polymeric system. The simulation also shows that this polymer has excellent mechanical property, whose strength increases with increasing crosslink density. Lastly and most importantly, the calculated dielectric constant—which shows that this polymer is an excellent insulating material—indicates that there is an inverse relation between cross-linking density and dielectric constant. The trend gave rise to an empirical quadratic function which can be used to predict the limits of attainable dielectric constant for highly crosslinked polymer systems. The current computational work provides strong evidence that this polymer is a promising material for aerospace applications and offers guidance for experimental studies of the effect of cross-linking density on the thermal, mechanical and dielectric properties of the material.
Assessing the Contribution of the CFRP Strip of Bearing the Applied Load Using Near-Surface Mounted Strengthening Technique with Innovative High-Strength Self-Compacting Cementitious Adhesive (IHSSC-CA)
Authors: Mohammed Alyaa , Al-Saadi Nihad , Al-Mahaidi Riadh
Published: January 2018

Efficient transfer of load between concrete substrate and fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) by the bonding agent is the key factor in any FRP strengthening system. An innovative high-strength self-compacting non-polymer cementitious adhesive (IHSSC-CA) was recently developed by the authors and has been used in a number of studies. Graphene oxide and cementitious materials are used to synthesise the new adhesive. The successful implementation of IHSSC-CA significantly increases carbon FRP (CFRP) strip utilization and the load-bearing capacity of the near-surface mounted (NSM) CFRP strengthening system. A number of tests were used to inspect the interfacial zone in the bonding area of NSM CFRP strips, including physical examination, pore structure analysis, and three-dimensional laser profilometery analysis. It was deduced from the physical inspection of NSM CFRP specimens made with IHSSC-CA that a smooth surface for load transfer was found in the CFRP strip without stress concentrations in some local regions. A smooth surface of the adhesive layer is very important for preventing localized brittle failure in the concrete. The pore structure analysis also confirmed that IHSSC-CA has better composite action between NSM CFRP strips and concrete substrate than other adhesives, resulting in the NSM CFRP specimens made with IHSSC-CA sustaining a greater load. Finally, the results of three-dimensional laser profilometery revealed a greater degree of roughness and less deformation on the surface of the CFRP strip when IHSSC-CA was used compared to other adhesives.
Single Crystal Diffuse Neutron Scattering
Authors: Welberry Richard , Whitfield Ross
Published: January 2018

Diffuse neutron scattering has become a valuable tool for investigating local structure in materials ranging from organic molecular crystals containing only light atoms to piezo-ceramics that frequently contain heavy elements. Although neutron sources will never be able to compete with X-rays in terms of the available flux the special properties of neutrons, viz. the ability to explore inelastic scattering events, the fact that scattering lengths do not vary systematically with atomic number and their ability to scatter from magnetic moments, provides strong motivation for developing neutron diffuse scattering methods. In this paper, we compare three different instruments that have been used by us to collect neutron diffuse scattering data. Two of these are on a spallation source and one on a reactor source.
God, Evil, and Infinite Value
Authors: Naylor Marshall
Published: January 2018

Prominent approaches to the problems of evil assume that even if the Anselmian God exists, some worlds are better than others, all else being equal. But the assumptions that the Anselmian God exists and that some worlds are better than others cannot be true together. One description, by Mark Johnston and Georg Cantor, values God’s existence as exceeding any transfinite cardinal value. For any finite or infinite amount of goodness in any possible world, God’s value infinitely exceeds that amount. This conception is not obviously inconsistent with the Anselmian God. As a result, the prominent approaches to the problems of evil are mistaken. The elimination of evil does not, in fact, improve the value of any world as commonly thought. Permitting evil does not, in fact, diminish the value of any world as commonly thought.
Estimating Live Fuel Moisture from MODIS Satellite Data for Wildfire Danger Assessment in Southern California USA
Authors: Myoung Boksoon , Kim Seung , Nghiem Son , Jia Shenyue , Whitney Kristen , Kafatos Menas
Published: January 2018

The goal of the research reported here is to assess the capability of satellite vegetation indices from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer onboard both Terra and Aqua satellites, in order to replicate live fuel moisture content of Southern California chaparral ecosystems. We compared seasonal and interannual characteristics of in-situ live fuel moisture with satellite vegetation indices that were averaged over different radial extents around each live fuel moisture observation site. The highest correlations are found using the Aqua Enhanced Vegetation Index for a radius of 10 km, independently verifying the validity of in-situ live fuel moisture measurements over a large extent around each in-situ site. With this optimally averaged Enhanced Vegetation Index, we developed an empirical model function of live fuel moisture. Trends in the wet-to-dry phase of vegetation are well captured by the empirical model function on interannual time-scales, indicating a promising method to monitor fire danger levels by combining satellite, in-situ, and model results during the transition before active fire seasons. An example map of Enhanced Vegetation Index-derived live fuel moisture for the Colby Fire shows a complex spatial pattern of significant live fuel moisture reduction along an extensive wildland-urban interface, and illustrates a key advantage in using satellites across the large extent of wildland areas in Southern California.
System Dynamics of Polysilicon for Solar Photovoltaics: A Framework for Investigating the Energy Security of Renewable Energy Supply Chains
Authors: Sandor Debra , Fulton Sadie , Engel-Cox Jill , Peck Corey , Peterson Steve
Published: January 2018

Renewable energy, produced with widely available low-cost energy resources, is often included as a component of national strategies to address energy security and sustainability. Market and political forces cannot disrupt the sun or wind, unlike oil and gas supplies. However, the cost of renewable energy is highly dependent on technologies manufactured through global supply chains in leading manufacturing countries. The countries that contribute to the global supply chains may take actions that, directly or indirectly, influence global access to materials and components. For example, high-purity polysilicon, a key material in solar photovoltaics, has experienced significant price fluctuations, affecting the manufacturing capacity and cost of both polysilicon and solar panels. This study developed and validated an initial system dynamics framework to gain insights into global trade in polysilicon. The model represents an initial framework for exploration. Three regions were modeled—China, the United States, and the rest of the world—for a range of trade scenarios to understand the impacts of import duties and non-price drivers on the relative volumes of imports and domestic supply. The model was validated with the historical case of China imposing an import duty on polysilicon from the United States, the European Union, and South Korea, which altered the regional flows of polysilicon—in terms of imports, exports, and domestic production—to varying degrees. As expected, the model tracked how regional demand shares and influx volumes decrease as a duty on a region increases. Using 2016 as a reference point, in the scenarios examined for U.S. exports to China, each 10% increase in the import duty results in a 40% decrease in import volume. The model also indicates that, under the scenarios investigated, once a duty has been imposed on a region, the demand share from that region declines and does not achieve pre-duty levels, even as global demand increases. Adding additional countries and other components in the photovoltaic supply chain (panels, cells, wafers) to this model could enable policymakers to better understand the relative impact of trade measures across the entire photovoltaic module manufacturing supply chain and the conditions that encourage industry evolution and competitiveness.
Improving Eco-Efficiency through Waste Reduction beyond the Boundaries of a Firm: Evidence from a Multiplant Case in the Ceramic Industry
Authors: Micheli Guido , Cagno Enrico , Tappia Elena
Published: January 2018

To pursue eco-efficiency, one of the most important principles is the sustainable use of resources. The challenge in resource use improvement lies in a clear assessment of resource utilization. However, this evaluation is currently performed within the scope of a company and such an approach is not sustainable anymore in a world with increasingly complex production systems. This paper provides a decision support system (DSS) to disclose where wastes absorb resource capacity of a whole production system beyond the boundaries of a firm. In this way, an intervention priority plan can be established to effectively improve the eco-efficiency of production systems by considering interactions among players of a multiplant or supply chain context. An implementation of the DSS is proposed for the ceramic industry to test it and explore the potential benefits. Results confirm that the DSS can effectively enable different actors to understand how significant inter-firm saving opportunities can be identified.
Logistics Best Practices for Regional Food Systems: A Review
Authors: Mittal Anuj , Krejci Caroline , Craven Teri
Published: January 2018

The modern industrial food supply system faces many major environmental and social sustainability challenges. Regional food systems, in which consumers prefer geographically proximate food producers, offer a response to these challenges. However, the costs associated with distributing food from many small-scale producers to consumers have been a major barrier to long-term regional food system success. Logistics best practices from conventional supply chains have the potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of regional food supply chains (RFSCs). This paper provides a structured and in-depth review of the existing literature on RFSC logistics, including recommended and implemented best practices. The purpose of the review is to provide RFSC researchers and practitioners with convenient access to valuable information and knowledge derived from years of experimentation and research. This information will help to inform practitioners’ implementation decisions and to increase researchers’ awareness of the existing work on RFSC logistics, the unmet needs of practitioners, and topics that have not been fully explored, yielding insights into potential future directions for RFSC research. The overarching aim of the paper is to facilitate improvements in RFSC logistics, thereby improving regional food system viability.
Governance Challenges in an Eastern Indonesian Forest Landscape
Authors: Riggs Rebecca , Langston James , Margules Chris , Boedhihartono Agni , Lim Han , Sari Dwi , Sururi Yazid , Sayer Jeffrey
Published: January 2018

Integrated approaches to natural resource management are often undermined by fundamental governance weaknesses. We studied governance of a forest landscape in East Lombok, Indonesia. Forest Management Units (Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan or KPH) are an institutional mechanism used in Indonesia for coordinating the management of competing sectors in forest landscapes, balancing the interests of government, business, and civil society. Previous reviews of KPHs indicate they are not delivering their potential benefits due to an uncertain legal mandate and inadequate resources. We utilized participatory methods with a broad range of stakeholders in East Lombok to examine how KPHs might improve institutional arrangements to better meet forest landscape goals. We find that KPHs are primarily limited by insufficient integration with other actors in the landscape. Thus, strengthened engagement with other institutions, as well as civil society, is required. Although new governance arrangements that allow for institutional collaboration and community engagement are needed in the long term, there are steps that the East Lombok KPH can take now. Coordinating institutional commitments and engaging civil society to reconcile power asymmetries and build consensus can help promote sustainable outcomes. Our study concludes that improved multi-level, polycentric governance arrangements between government, NGOs, the private sector, and civil society are required to achieve sustainable landscapes in Lombok. The lessons from Lombok can inform forest landscape governance improvements throughout Indonesia and the tropics.
A Critical Note on Symmetry Contact Artifacts and the Evaluation of the Quality of Homology Models
Authors: Singh Dipali , Berntsen Karen , Baakman Coos , Vriend Gert , Lahiri Tapobrata
Published: January 2018

It is much easier to determine a protein’s sequence than to determine its three dimensional structure and consequently homology modeling will be an essential aspect of most studies that require 3D protein structure data. Homology modeling templates tend to be PDB files. About 88% of all protein structures in the PDB have been determined with X-ray crystallography, and thus are based on crystals that by necessity hold non-natural packing contacts in accordance with the crystal symmetry. Active site residues, residues involved in intermolecular interactions, residues that get post-translationally modified, or other sites of interest, normally are located at the protein surface so that it is particularly important to correctly model surface-located residues. Unfortunately, surface residues are just those that suffer most from crystal packing artifacts. Our study of the influence of crystal packing artifacts on the quality of homology models reveals that this influence is much larger than generally assumed, and that the evaluation of the quality of homology models should properly account for these artifacts.
Experiments with a First Prototype of a Spatial Model of Cultural Meaning through Natural-Language Human-Robot Interaction
Authors: Schürer Oliver , Stangl Benjamin , Hubatschke Christoph , Müller Christoph
Published: January 2018

When using assistive systems, the consideration of individual and cultural meaning is crucial for the utility and acceptance of technology. Orientation, communication and interaction are rooted in perception and therefore always happen in material space. We understand that a major problem lies in the difference between human and technical perception of space. Cultural policies are based on meanings including their spatial situation and their rich relationships. Therefore, we have developed an approach where the different perception systems share a hybrid spatial model that is generated by artificial intelligence—a joint effort by humans and assistive systems. The aim of our project is to create a spatial model of cultural meaning based on interaction between humans and robots. We define the role of humanoid robots as becoming our companions. This calls for technical systems to include still inconceivable human and cultural agendas for the perception of space. In two experiments, we tested a first prototype of the communication module that allows a humanoid to learn cultural meanings through a machine learning system. Interaction is achieved by non-verbal and natural-language communication between humanoids and test persons. This helps us to better understand how a spatial model of cultural meaning can be developed.
Correction: Liu, D.; Manousos V.; Richard W. Flow Hydrodynamics across Open Channel Flows with Riparian Zones: Implications for Riverbank Stability. Water, 9, 720
Authors: Liu Da , Valyrakis Manousos , Williams Richard
Published: January 2018

The authors would like to make the following corrections to their paper [1][...]
Application of ENSO and Drought Indices for Water Level Reconstruction and Prediction: A Case Study in the Lower Mekong River Estuary
Authors: Fok Hok , He Qing , Chun Kwok , Zhou Zhiwei , Chu Thuan
Published: January 2018

Water level monitoring is important for understanding the global hydrological cycle. Remotely-sensed indices that capture localized instantaneous responses have been extensively explored for water level reconstruction during the past two decades. However, the potential usage of the Palmer’s Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices for water level reconstruction and prediction has not been explored. This paper examines the relationship between observed water level and PDSI based on a soil-moisture water balance model and three ENSO indices for the lower Mekong River estuary on a monthly temporal scale. We found that the time-lagged information between the standardized water level and the ENSO indices that enabled us to reconstruct the water level using the ENSO indices. The influence of strong ENSO events on the water level can help capture the hydrological extremes during the period. As a result, PDSI-based water level reconstruction can be further improved with the assistance of ENSO information (called ENSO-assisted PDSI) during ENSO events. The water level reconstructed from the PDSI and ENSO indices (and that of remote sensing) compared to observed water level shows a correlation coefficient of around 0.95 (and <0.90), with an RMS error ranging from 0.23 to 0.42 m (and 0.40 to 0.79 m) and an NSE around 0.90 (and <0.81), respectively. An external assessment also displayed similar results. This indicates that the usage of ENSO information could lead to a potential improvement in water level reconstruction and prediction for river basins affected by the ENSO phenomenon and hydrological extremes.
MicroRNA-212 Targets Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 to Inhibit Proliferation and Invasion of Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Hu Bo , Jin Xunbo , Wang Jianbo
Published: January 2018

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may serve as important regulators in PCa occurrence and development. Therefore, understanding the expression and functions of PCa-related miRNAs may be beneficial for the identification of novel therapeutic methods for patients with PCa. In this study, miRNA-212 (miR-212) was evidently downregulated in PCa tissues and several PCa cell lines. Functional assays showed that the resumption of miR-212 expression attenuated cell proliferation and invasion and increased the apoptosis of PCa. In addition, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), a well-known oncogene, was identified as a novel target of miR-212 in PCa, as confirmed by bioinformatics, luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, MAPK1 expression was upregulated in PCa tissues and inversely correlated with miR-212 expression. Rescue experiments also demonstrated that restored MAPK1 expression reversed the tumor-suppressing effects of miR-212 on PCa cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. In conclusion, miR-212 may exert tumor-suppressing roles in PCa by regulating MAPK1 and could be a novel therapeutic target for treatment of patients with this malignancy.
Intensity-corrected Herschel Observations of Nearby Isolated Low-mass Clouds*
Authors: Sadavoy Sarah I. , Keto Eric , Bourke Tyler L. , Dunham Michael M. , Myers Philip C. , Stephens Ian W. , Di Francesco James , Webb Kristi , M. Stutz Amelia , Launhardt Ralf , J. Tobin John
Published: January 2018

We present intensity-corrected Herschel maps at 100, 160, 250, 350, and 500 μm for 56 isolated low-mass clouds. We determine the zero-point corrections for Herschel Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) and Spectral Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) maps from the Herschel Science Archive (HSA) using Planck data. Since these HSA maps are small, we cannot correct them using typical methods. Here we introduce a technique to measure the zero-point corrections for small Herschel maps. We use radial profiles to identify offsets between the observed HSA intensities and the expected intensities from Planck. Most clouds have reliable offset measurements with this technique. In addition, we find that roughly half of the clouds have underestimated HSA-SPIRE intensities in their outer envelopes relative to Planck, even though the HSA-SPIRE maps were previously zero-point corrected. Using our technique, we produce corrected Herschel intensity maps for all 56 clouds and determine their line-of-sight average dust temperatures and optical depths from modified blackbody fits. The clouds have typical temperatures of ∼14–20 K and optical depths of ∼10−5–10−3. Across the whole sample, we find an anticorrelation between temperature and optical depth. We also find lower temperatures than what was measured in previous Herschel studies, which subtracted out a background level from their intensity maps to circumvent the zero-point correction. Accurate Herschel observations of clouds are key to obtaining accurate density and temperature profiles. To make such future analyses possible, intensity-corrected maps for all 56 clouds are publicly available in the electronic version.
Spitz, Berne, Grégoire, le protocole et les états du moi du tout-petit
Authors: Évrard Brigitte
Published: January 2018

Cet article explore l’expérience de l’être humain et sa relation au monde avant l’acquisition du langage. Brigitte Evrard tente d’appréhender ainsi la structuration précoce du moi, tout en se distanciant de la perspective dissociative du modèle structural classique. S’appuyant sur le modèle des états du moi proposé par José Grégoire, elle nous convie à une exploration phénoménologique vivifiante des 18 premiers mois de vie de l’enfant. Cet exposé reprend les apports de Spitz, de la psychanalyse de la relation d’objet, ainsi que de Cornell, pour dresser une description dépathologisante de l’organisation précoce du moi. C.L.
Some-body knows the trouble I’ve seen
Authors: Oates Steff , Blondel Agnès
Published: January 2018

Cet article a d’abord été publié en 2004 dans un journal britannique intitulé Transactions, disparu depuis. Il a été largement développé et mis à jour pour ce numéro des Actualités en Analyse Transactionnelle. L’objectif initial de l’article consistait à rassembler les concepts de l’analyse transactionnelle, de la psychothérapie corporelle et de la neurophysiologie. Le but était ainsi de créer un dialogue autour du travail thérapeutique impliquant le vécu au niveau du protocole (Berne, 1971a), là où les mots et une narration cohérente peuvent être peu accessibles. Depuis 2004, la littérature d’analyse transactionnelle s’est abondamment enrichie dans ce domaine (Cornell & Landaiche, 2006 ; Oates, 2007 et 2015 ; Guglielmotti, 2008 ; Caizzi, 2012 ; Novak, 2015 ; Deaconu, 2016). En remaniant cet article, j’espère maintenant associer perspectives récentes et plus anciennes.
La question de la vie privée en psychanalyse de groupe
Authors: Neri Claudio
Published: January 2018

Je traiterai quatre thèmes, étroitement liés entre eux : la question de la vie privée en psychanalyse de groupe ; les fantasmes et les peurs des patients avant d’entrer dans le groupe ; le changement rapide qui se produit dès que s’établit l’appartenance ; et la disparition au même moment, comme par enchantement, des problèmes de vie privée.
L’inter/transculturel dans la pensée de Jean Claude Rouchy
Authors: Le Roy Jaak
Published: January 2018

Jean Claude Rouchy nous a permis de penser et de développer des cadres et des dispositifs adéquats dans des contextes de recherches et de thérapie avec l’étranger et avec l’autre culturel. Les concepts des groupes d’appartenances primaires et secondaires, ainsi que celui d’incorporat culturel, développés au cours des actions-recherches transculturelles européennes permettent de ressaisir les processus mobilisés par la rencontre interculturelle. Pour Jean Claude Rouchy et les associations européennes qu’il a fondées avec d’autres – association Transition, Association européenne pour l’analyse transculturelle de groupe –, le groupe est le cadre privilégié pour aborder les rapports entre le psychique et le culturel psychiques. Pour chaque intervention ou pour chaque recherche, un dispositif transculturel groupal particulier doit être mis en œuvre. Ces dispositifs permettent l’émergence et l’analyse des processus culturels qui fondent les processus d’identification des personnes et des groupes. Ils permettent le soin de patients qui ont des origines culturelles et langagières différentes comme celui de patients dont les histoires migratoires sont traumatiques, et plus largement de traiter les souffrances psychiques liées aux pertes et aux ruptures de transmission des références socioculturelles.
Non, la violence monothéiste n’est pas qu’une violence politique
Authors: Castel Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2018

S’il est vrai que certaines violences dites religieuses sont plus politiques que religieuses, la thèse selon laquelle toute violence réputée religieuse ne serait jamais qu’une violence politique relève d’une forme de révisionnisme. Les religions monothéistes, en particulier, ont développé une motivation de violence spécifiquement religieuse, facilement identifiable, celle de détruire les dieux d’autrui pour imposer le leur, une motivation inconnue du monde polythéiste.
Obstacles et perspectives des soins psychiques aux enfants confiés à la Protection de l’enfance
Authors: Bonneville-Baruchel Emmanuelle
Published: January 2018

L’objet de la recherche présentée dans cet article est l’analyse des situations d’échec ou d’impasse en institution de soins éducatifs et de soins psychiques avec les enfants de la Protection de l’enfance présentant des troubles sévères de l’attachement. La méthode utilisée repose sur l’analyse qualitative d’observations cliniques, réalisées en contexte de soins psychiques individuels et institutionnels. Fondé sur une approche psychodynamique référée à la métapsychologie psychanalytique, cet article présente quelques-unes des sources intersubjectives de ces échecs, en mettant en exergue les logiques propres à la relation transféro-contretransférentielle qui s’engage entre ces enfants, les professionnels et le groupe-institution. Il présente comment l’élaboration individuelle et groupale des éléments fantasmatiques des enfants et des professionnels peut permettre la relance du soin.
Geoecological Studies on the Karstic Surfaces of the Planned Protected Area in Western Mecsek, South Hungary
Authors: Hoyk Edit
Published: January 2018

Na podlagi izsledkov starejših raziskav je bil zahodni del pogorja Mecsek vključen v naravni park Donava - Drava. Zato je bilo treba raziskati tudi prsti in rastlinstvo. Raziskave prsti so bile usmerjene predvsem v določanje pH in merjenje vsebnosti kalcija. To je pomembno za nadaljnje raziskave o vsebnosti težkih kovin v prsti. Vegetacijske raziskave so obsegale vodno bilanco, reakcijo prsti in njihovo kategorizacijo z vidika varstva narave. Posredni človekov vpliv na to kraško ozemlje se kaže v splošnem zniževanju pH. To pa je manjše v vrtačah, ker imajo te prsti razmeroma visoko vsebnost kalcija. Pravilnost zaščite tega kraškega območja opravičujejo rastlinske združbe z visokim deležem zaščitenih vrst med spremljajočimi vrstami. Raziskave potrjujejo, da je nujno ohraniti sedanje stanje, za kar pa je potrebna ustrezna zaščita.Earlier studies on the karst in Western Mecsek have already shown that this area is worth protection due to its quite well preserved natural state. In consequence, declaring the karstic territory with its wider environment as a protected area is being considered in the Danube-Drava Natural Park. In order to prove the almost untouched natural state of an area good starting point is to examine its soil and flora. Soil studies focus on determining the pH, detecting any tendency of a shift towards lower pH values and on examining the carbonate content. In the future measurements to check the heavy metal content that are especially suitable for showing the levels of anthropogenic contamination will be added to these studies. Investigations on the flora based on the examination of water balance, soil reaction and determination of the rank according to the categories of nature conservation value offer a support to the claim of being protected. The results show that indirect anthropogenic effects can be detected by the pH shift towards lower values, but the same tendency of turning acidic is less characteristic in dolines which are the most sensitive points of karstic fields. However, the relatively high carbonate content favours the resistance against felling pH values. Examining the vegetation, and paying special attention to the ranking into nature conservation categories, a significantly high ratio of association - forming and accompanying species and the presence of protected species in relatively high numbers can be seen that proves the nature conserving feature of the territory. On the basis of the investigations carried out the maintenance of the present state of the territory is a desirable objective and in order to realize it the protection of the area is absolutely justified.
Why and How are Caves “Organized”: Does the Past Offer a Key to the Present
Authors: Lowe David J.
Published: January 2018

Prenekatere jame v karbonatnih sekvencah (in morda tudi drugod) izkazujejo opazno prostorsko organizacijo, pri čemer je poudarjeno kopičenje rovov v prostoru (drugega nad drugim). Mnoge starejše razlage tega zgoščevanja vključujejo “recentno” dogajanje in medsebojne vplive. Nove ideje, ki temeljijo na proučevanju “denudiranih” ali ”brezstropih” jam, pripisujejo velik pomen pojavom in odnosom, ki so sicer znani že dolgo, a so jih raziskovalci puščali ob strani kot “neznačilne”, “nepomembne” ali celo “nemogoče”, ob enem pa jih interpretirajo na novo. Tako je potrebno nekatere uveljavljene razlage trodimenzionalnega kopičenja rovov popolnoma prevetriti. Opazovanja ne podpirajo privzetka, da vsaka stratigrafska (lezika) ali tektonska (razpoka) nezveznost že sama po sebi odpira vodi pot in in je zato samodejno žarišče nastajanja kraških kanalov. V svojem prvotnem, “pred-jamskem” stanju - ko so posamezne votline v kamnini zgolj možne - karbonatne gmote niso nujno hidrološko aktivne, niti niso geološko homogene. Nova opazovanja in prevrednotenje starejšega znanja nakazujejo, da se “začetje” bodočih rovov odvije samo na majhni podmnožici vseh lezik, ki so priviligirane že v začetku in že od kraja odrejajo smernice bodočemu razvoju kanalov. Spoznanje te temeljne vloge kaže možno pot k razumevanju organizacije jamskih sistemov in kliče po podaljšanju spelogenetske časovne lestvice prav v čas diageneze.Many caves within carbonate (and perhaps other) rock sequences display marked spatial organization, particularly a tendency to group within vertical clusters. Most past explanations of clustering involve “recent” effects and interactions. New ideas, based on study of “denuded” or “unroofed” caves, acknowledge but reinterpret features and relationships that were observed long ago and commonly dismissed as “atypical”, “irrelevant” or “impossible”. Some traditional explanations of vertical clustering must now be re-assessed. Assumptions that any stratigraphical (bedding plane) or joint/fault fissure in carbonate rock provides (or provided) a de facto route for fluid transfer, and hence a focus for void development, are not confirmed by observation. Primitive pre-cave, but potentially cavernous, carbonate masses are not inevitably active hydrologically; nor are they geologically homogeneous. New evidence, and re-evaluation of earlier observations, implies that dissolutional void “inception” is related to a minor subset of all stratigraphical partings, which dominate initially, imprinting incipient guidance for later cave development. Recognition of this fundamental role provides a possible key to understanding the organization of cave systems and necessitates acceptance of an expansion of speleogenetic timescales back to the time of diagenesis.
Roofless Caves, a Polygenetic Status of Cave Development with Special References to Cave Regions in the Eastern Calcareous Alps in Salzburg and Central Alps, Austria
Authors: Mais Karl
Published: January 2018

O pojavu brezstropih jam je že zgodaj poročal B. Dawkins (1874). F. Kraus je ugotovil, da so take jame stopnja v razvoju od normalnih jam do vrtač in sotesk, iz katerih kasneje nastanejo normalne doline. Kot primer navaja Rakov Škocjan in še posebej jamo Lončarevec pri Postojni. V Alpah so pleistocenski ledeniki zniževali površje in odprle so se jame. Ponekod je danes veliko kratkih jam - ostankov nekdanjih sistemov. Značilne so za “nivo jamskih razvalin” (Höhlenruinen-Nivo) na planotah, kot so Steinernes Meer, Hagengebirge, Tennengebirge, v višinah 2 000 - 2 300 m. Avtor podrobneje obravnava primere iz salzburških Apneniških Alp, področji Hennenkopf in Rotwandl v pogorju Steinernes Meer, Sondkar v pogorju Tennengebirge in Hochtor v Centralnih Alpah (Visoke Ture).The phenomenon of roofless caves was reported early by Boyd Dawkins (1874). Franz Kraus found that roof collapses are the first steps in the development from a normal subterranean cave to dolines and to a gorge and to normal valley. As an example he showed Rakov Škocjan and specially “Lončarevec Cave” near Postojna. Karst in alpine regions is often dominated by glacier erosion. The ice flow of Pleistocene glaciers carved the plateau surfaces. Thus cave systems opened. In some areas there are a lot of short caves as parts of a former cave system. They characterise the “cave-ruin-niveau” (Höhlenruinen-Niveau) on plateaus such as Steinernes Meer, Hagengebirge, Tennengebirge, in an altitude of 2000-2300m. Special reference is given to the Salzburg Calcareous Alps, including Hennenkopf and the Rotwandl region in the massif of Steinernes Meer, the region of Sandkar in the Tennengebirge and of Hochtor in the Central Alps (Hohe Tauern).
South China Karst 1999, Preliminary Research in Yunnan
Authors: Kogovšek Janja , Kranjc Andrej , Slabe Tadej , Šebela Stanka
Published: January 2018

Že od leta 1995 sodelujejo sodelavci IZRK ZRC SAZU na slovensko-kitajskih projektih s področja krasoslovja. V letu 1998 so rezultate raziskav objavili v knjigi “South China Karst”. Tudi v letu 1999 so raziskave opravljali v Yunnanu, in sicer v lunanskem osrednjem “shilinu” (kamnitem gozdu) kot tudi v turistično manj znanih “shilinih”. Poleg tega so spoznavali značilnosti stolpastega krasa okoli krajev Babao in Puzhehei (jugovzhodni Yunnan).From 1995 researchers from Karst Research Institute ZRC SAZU are working on slovene-chinese karstological projects. In 1998 their studies were published in the book “South China Karst”. Also in the year 1999 researches took place in Yunnan, that’s in central Lunan shilin (stone forest) as well as in less touristically known shilins. Beside this they have been recognising characteristics of cone and tower karst in the regions of Babao and Puzhehei.
The Evolution of Karst and Caves in the Koněprusy Region (Bohemian Karst, Czech Republic), Part III: Collapse Structures
Authors: Bosák Pavel
Published: January 2018

Vertikalne in subvertikalne cevi so okroglih do ovalnih oblik, med 2-4 do nekaj 10 m v premeru in globoke do 82 m. Nekatere se v dnu končajo z vodoravnimi jamskimi rovi. Cevi zapolnjujejo težko določljive sedimentne sekvence z jasno razvitimi udornimi strukturami. Zapolnitve sestavljajo predcenomanijske, cenomanijsko-turonijske in terciarne odkladnine. Notranja sestava teh zapolnitev kaže na večkratno udiranje. Kredne in predkredne odkladnine so pogosto subvertikalne in imajo neurejeno notranjo strukturo. V prednjih delih nekaterih cevi so sledi manjših udorov, ki sta jih najbrž povzročila nadaljnje zakrasevanje in sufozija v globini. Pokrov terciarnih odkladnin na krednih je ponekod pretrgan in kaže rahel sredobežni naklon, ponekod pa zapolnjuje osrednji del podorne mase. Nastanek teh korozijskih cevi je v zvezi s hidrotermalno dejavnostjo, verjetno od paleogena do miocena, ko je bilo apniško površje še prekrito z rahlo erodiranim pokrovom zgornjekrednih sedimentov platforme. Hidrotermalne kraške oblike so se razvile do vrha apnencev, saj je bila piezometrična gladina v krednem pokrovu. Ko je podpora vodnega pritiska popustila, se je sedimentni pokrov pričel zniževati - udirati.Vertical and subvertical pipes are circular to ovate in shape with diameters from 2-4 m up to tens of metres and with proven depth up to 82 m. Some of them terminate by horizontal cave levels at depth. Pipes are filled with complicated sedimentary sequences with clearly developed collapse structures. The fill is composed of pre-Cenomanian, Cenomanian-Turonian and Tertiary deposits. Internal structures of the fill indicate multiphase collapses. Cretaceous and pre-Cretaceous deposits are often subvertical with chaotic internal texture. In the centre of some of pipes, there are traces of younger collapses, most probably induced by continuing karstification and suffosion at depth. Tertiary deposits overlay the Cretaceous ones unconformably; they show gentler centripetal inclination, but in places they fill the central parts of collapsed fill. The origin of solution pipes is connected with hydrothermal activity most probably during Paleogene to Miocene, when the surface of limestones was still covered by slightly eroded cover of Upper Cretaceous platform sediments. Hydrothermal karst forms developed up to the surface of limestones as the piezometric level was situated within the Cretaceous cover. After the lost of buoyancy support of water, sedimentary cover started to move (collapse) down.
Collapse Structures as a Connection Between the Karst Surface and Underground (Examples from Croatia)
Authors: Buzjak Nenad
Published: January 2018

Na hrvaškem krasu je veliko udornic. So tudi take, nastale zaradi posedanja (subsidence). Analiziranih je nekaj geomorfoloških elementov in oblik, nastalih z udiranjem in posedanjem (vpliv geoloških okoliščin in stopnje jamskega razvoja na procese udiranja in posedanja, morfologija udornih in subsidenčnih vrtač ter jamskih rovov pod njimi), iz dveh jam z različnih delov hrvaškega krasa (Dolačina mama iz Žumberka in Jama na Sredi s Cresa). Opazovanja potrjujejo, da je podiranje pomembna sestavina v razvoju jam in da je nastajanje udornih in subsidenčnih vrtač pomemben pokazatelj razvojne stopnje krasa.In the Croatian Karst area there are a lot of collapse dolines. Here we can also find structures that are the result of subsidence (subsidence dolines). In the cases of two selected caves in different parts of the Croatian Karst area (Dolačina mama cave - Žumberak Mt. and Jama na Sredi cave - Cres island) some geomorphological elements and features of collapse and subsidence processes were analysed (the influence of geological conditions and the cave’s stage of development to wards collapse/subsidence the morphology of collapse and subsidence dolines and the cave passages beneath them). Observations confirm that collapse is a significant component of cave development and that formation of collapse and subsidence dolines is an important indicator of karst evolution.