bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The History of Simulation and Its Impact on the Future
Authors: Aebersold Michelle
Published: February 2016

Simulation has had a long and varied history in many different fields, including aviation and the military. A look into the past to briefly touch on some of the major historical aspects of simulation in aviation, military, and health care will give readers a broader understanding of simulation’s historical roots and the relationship to patient safety. This review may also help predict what the future may hold for simulation in nursing. Health care, like aviation, is driven by safety, more specifically patient safety. As the link between simulation and patient safety becomes increasingly apparent, simulation will be adopted as the education and training method of choice for such critical behaviors as communication and teamwork skills.
Risk Factors and Outcomes Associated With Readmission to the Intensive Care Unit After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Kang Young Ae
Published: February 2016

Unplanned readmission to the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with poor prognosis, longer hospital stay, increased costs, and higher mortality rate. In this retrospective study, involving 1368 patients, the risk factors for and outcomes of ICU readmission after cardiac surgery were analyzed. The readmission rate was 5.9%, and the most common reason for readmission was cardiac issues. Preoperative risk factors were comorbid conditions, mechanical ventilation, and admission route. Perioperative risk factors were nonelective surgery, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, and longer operation time. Postoperative risk factors were prolonged mechanical ventilation time, new-onset arrhythmia, unplanned reoperation, massive blood transfusion, prolonged inotropic infusions, and complications. Other factors were high blood glucose level, hemoglobin level, and score on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II. In-hospital stay was longer and late mortality was higher in the readmitted group. These data could help clinical practitioners create improved ICU discharge protocols or treatment algorithms to reduce length of stay or to reduce readmissions.
Simulation Basics: How to Conduct a High-Fidelity Simulation
Authors: Willhaus Janet
Published: February 2016

Well-planned and conducted health care simulation scenarios provide opportunities for staff development in areas such as communication, patient care, and teamwork. Consideration of resources, the location for the training, preparation of learners, and use of either a high-fidelity mannequin or a trained actor (eg, a standardized patient) are all part of the operational attentions needed to conduct a simulation training scenario. In order for participants to meet training objectives, the execution of the simulation session must be both planned and purposeful.
Post-thrombotic syndrome in the Middle Age
Authors: Zamboni Paolo
Published: February 2016

Not available
Ecotoxicological evaluation of the immunocompetence of two bivalves species (Mya arenaria and Mytilus edulis) in the Saguenay Fjord including a salinity gradient
Authors: Beaudry A. , Lacaze E. , Jobin-Piché A. , Masson S. , Auffret M. , Brousseau P. , Fournier M.
Published: February 2016

Not available
Does the bacterial media culture chemistry affect the stability of nanoparticles in nanotoxicity assays?
Authors: Millour M. , Doiron K. , Lemarchand K. , Gagné J.-P.
Published: February 2016

Not available
HTSFinder: Powerful Pipeline of DNA Signature Discovery by Parallel and Distributed Computing
Authors: Karimi Ramin , Hajdu Andras
Published: February 2016

Comprehensive effort for low-cost sequencing in the past few years has led to the growth of complete genome databases. In parallel with this effort, a strong need, fast and cost-effective methods and applications have been developed to accelerate sequence analysis. Identification is the very first step of this task. Due to the difficulties, high costs, and computational challenges of alignment-based approaches, an alternative universal identification method is highly required. Like an alignment-free approach, DNA signatures have provided new opportunities for the rapid identification of species. In this paper, we present an effective pipeline HTSFinder (high-throughput signature finder) with a corresponding k-mer generator GkmerG (genome k-mers generator). Using this pipeline, we determine the frequency of k-mers from the available complete genome databases for the detection of extensive DNA signatures in a reasonably short time. Our application can detect both unique and common signatures in the arbitrarily selected target and nontarget databases. Hadoop and MapReduce as parallel and distributed computing tools with commodity hardware are used in this pipeline. This approach brings the power of high-performance computing into the ordinary desktop personal computers for discovering DNA signatures in large databases such as bacterial genome. A considerable number of detected unique and common DNA signatures of the target database bring the opportunities to improve the identification process not only for polymerase chain reaction and microarray assays but also for more complex scenarios such as metagenomics and next-generation sequencing analysis.
Assessing the Development of Medical Students’ Personal and Professional Skills by Portfolio
Authors: Yielder Jill , Moir Fiona
Published: February 2016

The introduction of a new domain of learning for Personal and Professional Skills in the medical program at the University of Auckland in New Zealand has involved the compilation of a portfolio for assessment. This departure from the traditional assessment methods predominantly used in the past has been challenging to design, introduce, and maintain as a relevant and authentic assessment method. We present the portfolio format along with the process for its introduction and appraise the challenges, strengths, and limitations of the approach within the context of the current literature. We then outline a cyclical model of evaluation used to monitor and fine-tune the portfolio tasks and implementation process, in response to student and assessor feedback. The portfolios have illustrated the level of insight, maturity, and synthesis of personal and professional qualities that students are capable of achieving. The Auckland medical program strives to foster these qualities in its students, and the portfolio provides an opportunity for students to demonstrate their reflective abilities. Moreover, the creation of a Personal and Professional Skills domain with the portfolio as its key assessment emphasizes the importance of reflective practice and personal and professional development and gives a clear message that these are fundamental longitudinal elements of the program.
Tamoxifen Action in ER-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Manna Subrata , Holz Marina K.
Published: February 2016

Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease. Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator and is mainly indicated for the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women and postsurgery neoadjuvant therapy in ER-positive breast cancers. Interestingly, 5-10% of the ER-negative breast cancers have also shown sensitivity to tamoxifen treatment. The involvement of molecular markers and/or signaling pathways independent of ER signaling has been implicated in tamoxifen sensitivity in the ER-negative subgroup. Studies reveal that variation in the expression of estrogen-related receptor alpha, ER subtype beta, tumor microenvironment, and epigenetics affects tamoxifen sensitivity. This review discusses the background of the research on the action of tamoxifen that may inspire future studies to explore effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancers, the latter being an aggressive disease with worse clinical outcome.
Обобщение решения Ландау о затопленной струе
Authors: Artychev Serguei
Published: February 2016

Рассматривается один класс точных решений уравнений гидродинамики, которые обобщают решение Ландау о затопленной струе. Полученные решения не обращаются в нуль при исчезновении вязкости и описывают ненулевой выход или ненулевое поглощение массы жидкости из источников или соответственно стоков, расположенных на одной оси.
Некоммутативная поправка к потенциалу Корнелла в атомах тяжелого кваркония
Authors: Mirjalili Abolfazi , Taki Mehran
Published: February 2016

Изучается воздействие некоммутативности пространства-времени на потенциал Корнелла в системах тяжелых кваркониев. Известно, что некоммутативность пространства-времени может приводить к возникновению связанных состояний, поэтому в моделях кваркония некоммутативная геометрия пространства-времени рассматривается как поправка. Данные сверхтонких измерений основного состояния боттомония использованы как верхний предел некоммутативной энергетической поправки и выведено максимальное возможное значение параметра некоммутативности $\theta$, а именно $\theta\le 37.94\cdot 10^{-34} м^2$. Предложенная модель используется для вычисления максимального значения некоммутативной поправки к энергиям чармония и боттомония на уровнях $1\mathrm{S}$ и $2\mathrm{S}$. Энергетическая поправка как эффект связывания в системе кваркониев меньше для атома чармония, чем для атома боттомония, что соответствует ожиданиям.
Меры Гиббса для плодородных моделей жесткой сердцевины на дереве Кэли
Authors: Khakimov Rustamjon Maxmudovich
Published: February 2016

Изучаются плодородные модели жесткой сердцевины с параметром активности $\lambda>0$ и четырьмя состояниями на дереве Кэли. Известно, что существуют три типа таких моделей. Для каждой из этих моделей доказана единственность трансляционно-инвариантной меры Гиббса при любых значениях параметра $\lambda$ на дереве Кэли порядка три. Кроме того, для одной из моделей найдены такие критические значения $\lambda$, при которых трансляционно-инвариантная мера Гиббса неединственна на дереве Кэли порядка пять. В этом случае проверено достаточное условие (условие Кестена-Стигума) того, что мера не является крайней.
Двумерное кулоновское рассеяние квантовой частицы: волновые функции и функции Грина
Authors: Pupyshev Vasily Veniaminovitch
Published: February 2016

Решается задача о движении заряженной квантовой частицы в двумерной плоскости трехмерного координатного пространства и ее рассеянии неподвижным кулоновским центром, лежащим в той же плоскости. Исследуются волновая функция такой частицы, функция Грина и все радиальные компоненты этих функций. Для модулей таких компонент выведены равномерные мажорантные оценки. Найдены представление волновой функции через регулярные радиальные функции Кулона и представление амплитуды рассеяния через парциальные фазы. Получены интегральные представления функции Грина и всех ее радиальных компонент.
Изотонический осциллятор Паули с аномальным магнитным моментом в присутствии эффекта Ааронова-Бома: подход, основанный на преобразовании Лапласа
Authors: Roshanzamir-Nikou Muhammad , Goudarzi Hadi
Published: February 2016

Сильное магнитное поле значительно воздействует на собственный магнитный момент фермионов. В квантовой электродинамике показано, что аномальный магнитный момент электрона возникает кинематически, в то время как в случае адронов (протонов) он является результатом динамического взаимодействия с внешним магнитным полем. C учетом аномального магнитного момента фермиона найдено точное выражение для энергии связанного состояния и соответствующие собственные функции гамильтониана двумерного нерелятивистского гармонического осциллятора со спином $1/2$ и центростремительным барьером (известного как изотонический осциллятор), включающего член Ааронова-Бома в присутствии сильного магнитного поля. При вычислениях использовано преобразование Лапласа. Обнаружено, что сингулярное решение вносит вклад в фазу волновой функции в начале координат и фаза зависит от спина и магнитного потока.
Ivermectin Treatment of Onchocercal Skin Lesions: Observations from a Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial in Malawi
Authors: Burnham Gilbert
Published: February 2016

To determine effects of ivermectin on skin lesions of onchocerciasis, a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was carried out in the Thyolo highlands of Malawi involving 70 persons over a 32-month period. Assessment was made using both a clinical numeric grading system and sequential photographs. Among both ivermectin and placebo recipients, there was a significant reduction in both the severity and extent of papular skin lesions. Persons with edematous or lichenified skin lesions of onchocerciasis who received ivermectin showed significantly more improvement than those receiving placebo. Twelve months after the placebo group received ivermectin, their skin lesions were similar to those of the ivermectin group. Changes were most evident for those persons with more severe skin disease in both the ivermectin and placebo groups. Annual ivermectin treatment for onchocercal skin lesions is probably inadequate, and treatment three or four times a year may be required, although the optimum regimen has not been established.
Origin of oxidized mercury in the summertime free troposphere over the southeastern US
Authors: Shah V. , Jaeglé L. , Gratz L. E. , Ambrose J. L. , Jaffe D. A. , Selin N. E. , Song S. , Campos T. L. , Flocke F. M. , Reeves M. , Stechman D. , Stell M. , Festa J. , Stutz J. , Weinheimer A. J. , Knapp D. J. , Montzka D. D. , Tyndall G. S. , Apel E. C. , Hornbrook R. S. , Hills A. J. , Riemer D. D. , Blake N. J. , Cantrell C. A. , Mauldin III R. L.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. We collected mercury observations as part of the Nitrogen, Oxidants, Mercury, and Aerosol Distributions, Sources, and Sinks (NOMADSS) aircraft campaign over the southeastern US between 1 June and 15 July 2013. We use the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to interpret these observations and place new constraints on bromine radical initiated mercury oxidation chemistry in the free troposphere. We find that the model reproduces the observed mean concentration of total atmospheric mercury (THg) (observations: 1.49 ± 0.16 ng m−3, model: 1.51 ± 0.08 ng m−3), as well as the vertical profile of THg. The majority (65 %) of observations of oxidized mercury (Hg(II)) were below the instrument's detection limit (detection limit per flight: 58–228 pg m−3), consistent with model-calculated Hg(II) concentrations of 0–196 pg m−3. However, for observations above the detection limit we find that modeled Hg(II) concentrations are a factor of 3 too low (observations: 212 ± 112 pg m−3, model: 67 ± 44 pg m−3). The highest Hg(II) concentrations, 300–680 pg m−3, were observed in dry (RH  <  35 %) and clean air masses during two flights over Texas at 5–7 km altitude and off the North Carolina coast at 1–3 km. The GEOS-Chem model, back trajectories and observed chemical tracers for these air masses indicate subsidence and transport from the upper and middle troposphere of the subtropical anticyclones, where fast oxidation of elemental mercury (Hg(0)) to Hg(II) and lack of Hg(II) removal lead to efficient accumulation of Hg(II). We hypothesize that the most likely explanation for the model bias is a systematic underestimate of the Hg(0) + Br reaction rate. We find that sensitivity simulations with tripled bromine radical concentrations or a faster oxidation rate constant for Hg(0) + Br, result in 1.5–2 times higher modeled Hg(II) concentrations and improved agreement with the observations. The modeled tropospheric lifetime of Hg(0) against oxidation to Hg(II) decreases from 5 months in the base simulation to 2.8–1.2 months in our sensitivity simulations. In order to maintain the modeled global burden of THg, we need to increase the in-cloud reduction of Hg(II), thus leading to faster chemical cycling between Hg(0) and Hg(II). Observations and model results for the NOMADSS campaign suggest that the subtropical anticyclones are significant global sources of Hg(II).
Using Low Cost Sensors to Measure Ambient Particulate Matter Concentrations and On-Road Emissions Factors
Authors: Johnson Karoline K. , Bergin Michael H. , Russell Armistead G. , Hagler Gayle S. W.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Air quality is a growing public concern in both developed and developing countries, as is the public interest in having information on air pollutant concentrations within their communities. Quantifying the spatial and temporal variability of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is of particular importance due to the well-defined health impacts associated with PM2.5. This work evaluates a number of select PM sensors (Shinyei: models PPD42NS, PPD20V, PPD60PV) under a variety of ambient conditions and locations including urban background and roadside sites in Atlanta, GA, as well as a location with substantially higher ambient concentrations in Hyderabad, India. Low cost sensor measurements were compared against reference monitors at all locations. On-road emissions factors were calculated at the Atlanta site by pairing PM2.5 and separately determined black carbon (BC) and carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements. On-road emission factors can vary in different locations and over time for a number of reasons, including vehicle fleet composition and driving patterns and behaviors, and current environmental policy. Emission factors can provide valuable information to inform researchers, citizens, and policy makers. The PPD20V sensors had the highest correlation with the reference environmental beta attenuation monitor (E-BAM) with R2 values above 0.80 at the India site while at the urban background site, the PPD60PV had the highest correlation with the tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) with an R2 value of 0.30. At the roadside site, only the PPD20V was used, with an R2 value against the TEOM of 0.18. Emissions factors at the roadside site were calculated as 0.39 ± 0.10 g PM2.5 per kg fuel and 0.11 ± 0.01g BC per kg fuel, which compare well with other studies and estimates based on other instruments. The results of this work show the potential usefulness of these sensors for high concentration applications in developing countries and for their use in generating emissions factors.
Soil greenhouse gases emissions reduce the benefit of mangrove plant to mitigating atmospheric warming effect
Authors: Chen Guangcheng , Chen Bin , Yu Dan , Ye Yong , Tam Nora F. Y. , Chen Shunyang
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Mangrove soils have been recognized as sources of atmospheric greenhouse gases but the atmospheric fluxes are poorly characterized, and their adverse warming effect has scarcely been considered with respect to the role of mangrove wetlands in mitigating global warming. The present study balanced the warming effect of soil greenhouse gas emissions with plant carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration rate in a highly productive mangrove wetland in South China to assess the role of mangrove wetland in mitigating atmospheric warming. The results showed that mangrove soils were significant sources of greenhouse gases, and the fluxes were significantly higher in summer and also different among mangrove sites. Gases fluxes were positively correlated with the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and NH4+-N contents. The mangrove plant was able to sequester a considerable amount of atmospheric CO2 at 5930 g CO2 m−2 yr−1 in the present study, and the ecosystem was source of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) gases but more intense CO2 sink. However, the warming effect of soil gas emissions, equivalent to 1222 g CO2 m−2 yr−1, was able to offset a large proportion (~22 %) of plant CO2 sequestration, and the two trace gases comprised ~24 % of the total warming effect. We therefore propose the assessment of the direct mitigation of atmospheric warming by mangrove ecosystem that should take into account both soil greenhouse gases emissions and plant CO2 sequestration.
Estimates of late middle Eocene pCO2 based on stomatal density of modern and fossil Nageia leaves
Authors: Liu X. Y. , Gao Q. , Han M. , Jin J. H.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Atmospheric pCO2 concentrations have been estimated for intervals of the Eocene using various models and proxy information. Here we reconstruct late middle Eocene (42.0–38.5 Ma) pCO2 based on the fossil leaves of Nageia maomingensis Jin et Liu collected from the Maoming Basin, Guangdong Province, China. We first determine relationships between atmospheric pCO2 concentrations, stomatal density (SD) and stomatal index (SI) using “modern” leaves of N. motleyi (Parl.) De Laub, the nearest living species to the Eocene fossils. This work indicates that the SD inversely responds to pCO2, while SI has almost no relationship with pCO2. Eocene pCO2 concentrations can be reconstructed based on a regression approach and the stomatal ratio method by using the SD. The first approach gives a pCO2 of 351.9 ± 6.6 ppmv, whereas the one based on stomatal ratio gives a pCO2 of 537.5 ± 56.5 ppmv. Here, we explored the potential of N. maomingensis in pCO2 reconstruction and obtained different results according to different methods, providing a new insight for the reconstruction of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment in conifers.
Impact of melt water on high latitude early Last Interglacial climate
Authors: Stone Emma J. , Capron Emilie , Lunt Daniel J. , Payne Antony J. , Singarayer Joy S. , Valdes Paul J. , Wolff Eric W.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Recent data compilations of the early Last Interglacial period have indicated a bipolar temperature response at 130 ka, with colder-than-present temperatures in the North Atlantic and warmer-than-present temperatures in the Southern Ocean and over Antarctica. However, climate model simulations of this period have been unable to reproduce this response, when only orbital and greenhouse gas forcings are considered in a climate model framework. Here we show using full complexity General Circulation Model simulations at 130 ka with the magnitude of freshwater forcing derived from data, that meltwater from the remnant Northern Hemisphere ice-sheets during the glacial-interglacial transition accounts for the observed colder than present temperatures in the North Atlantic at 130 ka and also results in warmer than present temperatures in the Southern Ocean via the bipolar seesaw mechanism. This integrated model-data approach, for the first time, provides evidence that Northern Hemisphere freshwater forcing is an important player in the evolution of early Last Interglacial climate.
Influence of probe geometry on measurement results of non-ideal thermal conductivity sensors
Authors: Tiefenbacher P. , Kömle N. I. , Macher W. , Kargl G.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The thermal properties of the surface and subsurface layers of planets and planetary objects yield important information that allows us to better understand the thermal evolution of the body itself and its interactions with the environment. Various planetary bodies of our Solar System are covered by so-called regolith, a granular and porous material. On such planetary bodies the dominant heat transfer mechanism is heat conduction via IR radiation and contact points between particles. In this case the energy balance is mainly controlled by the effective thermal conductivity of the top surface layers, that can be directly measured by thermal conductivity probes. A traditionally used method for measuring the thermal conductivity of solid materials is the needle-probe method. Such probes consist of thin steel needles with an embedded heating wire and temperature sensors. For the evaluation of the thermal conductivity of a specific material the temperature change with time is determined by heating a resistance wire with a well-defined electrical current flowing through it and simultaneously measuring the temperature increase inside the probe over a certain time. For thin needle probes with a large length-to-diameter ratio it is mathematically easy to derive the thermal conductivity, while this is not so straightforward for more rugged probes with a larger diameter and thus a smaller length-to-diameter ratio. Due to the geometry of the standard thin needle probes they are mechanically weak and subject to bending when driven into a soil. Therefore, using them for planetary missions can be problematic. In this paper the thermal conductivity values determined by measurements with two non-ideal, ruggedized thermal conductivity sensors, which only differ in length, are compared to each other. Since the theory describing the temperature response of non-ideal sensors is highly complicated, those sensors were calibrated with an ideal reference sensor in various solid and granular materials. The calibration procedure and the results are described in this work.
Paradigm change in hydrogel sensor manufacturing: from recipe-driven to specification-driven process optimization
Authors: Windisch M. , Eichhorn K.-J. , Lienig J. , Gerlach G. , Schulze L.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The volume production of industrial hydrogel sensors lacks a quality-assuring manufacturing technique for thin polymer films with reproducible properties. Overcoming this problem requires a paradigm change from the current recipe-driven manufacturing process to a specification-driven one. This requires techniques to measure quality-determining hydrogel film properties as well as tools and methods for the control and optimization of the manufacturing process. In this paper we present an approach that comprehensively addresses these issues. The influence of process parameters on the hydrogel film properties and the resulting sensor characteristics have been assessed by means of batch manufacturing tests and the application of several measurement techniques. Based on these investigations, we present novel methods and a tool for the optimization of the cross-linking process step, with the latter being crucial for the sensor sensitivity. Our approach is applicable to various sensor designs with different hydrogels. It has been successfully tested with a sensor solution for surface technology based on PVA/PAA hydrogel as sensing layer and a piezoelectric thickness shear resonator as transducer. Finally, unresolved issues regarding the measurement of hydrogel film parameters are outlined for future research.
Output decoupling property of planar flexure-based compliant mechanisms with symmetric configuration
Authors: Du Y. S. , Li T. M. , Jiang Y. , Zhang J. L.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. This paper presents the output decoupling property of planar flexure-based compliant mechanisms with symmetric configuration. Compliance/stiffness modeling methods for flexure serial structures and flexure parallel structures are first derived according to the matrix method. Analytical model of mechanisms with symmetric configuration is then developed to analyze the output decoupling property. The proposed analytical model shows that mechanisms are output decoupled when they are symmetry about two perpendicular axes or when they are composed of either three or an even number of identical fundamental forms distributed evenly around the center. Finally, output compliances of RRR and 4-RRR compliant micro-motion stages are derived from the analytical model and finite element analysis (FEA). The comparisons indicate that the results obtained from the proposed analytical model are in good agreement with those derived from FEA, which validates the proposed analytical model.
VISIR: Technological infrastructure of an operational service for safe and efficient navigation in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Mannarini G. , Turrisi G. , D'Anca A. , Scalas M. , Pinardi N. , Coppini G. , Palermo F. , Carluccio I. , Scuro M. , Cretì S. , Lecci R. , Nassisi P. , Tedesco L.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. VISIR (discoVerIng Safe and effIcient Routes) is an operational Decision Support System (DSS) for ship routing designed and implemented in the frame of the TESSA (TEchnology for Situational Sea Awareness) project. The system is aimed to increase safety and efficiency of navigation through the use of forecast environmental fields and route optimization. VISIR can be accessed through both a web interface (www.visir-nav.com) and mobile applications for both iOS and Android devices. This paper focuses on the technological infrastructure developed for operating VISIR as a DSS. Its main components are described, the major challenges faced by the operational system are highlighted, and its potential for interoperability is outlined.
Snow and albedo climate change impacts across the United States Northern Great Plains
Authors: Fassnacht S. R. , Cherry M. L. , Venable N. B. H. , Saavedra F.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. In areas with a seasonal snowpack, a warmer climate could cause less snowfall, a shallower snowpack, and a change in the timing of snowmelt, all which could reduce the winter albedo and yield an increase in net short-wave radiation. Trends in temperature, precipitation (total and as snow), days with precipitation and snow, and winter albedo were investigated over the 60-year period from 1951 to 2010 for 20 meteorological stations across the Northern Great Plains. This is an area where snow accumulation is shallow but persistent for most of the winter (November to March). The most consistent trends were minimum temperature and days with precipitation, both of which increased at a majority of the stations. Among the stations included, a decrease in the modelled winter albedo was more prevalent than an increase. There was substantial spatial variability in the climate trends. For most variables, the period of record used influenced the magnitude and sign of the significant trends.
Past Ice-Sheet Behaviour: Retreat Scenarios and Changing Controls in the Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Halberstadt Anna Ruth , Simkins Lauren M. , Greenwood Sarah L. , Anderson John B.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Studying the history of ice-sheet behaviour in Antarctica's largest drainage basin, the Ross Sea, can improve our understanding of patterns, timing, and controls on marine-based ice-sheet dynamics, and provide constraints on numerical ice-sheet models. Newly collected high-resolution multibeam swath bathymetry data, combined with two decades of legacy multibeam and seismic data, are used to map glacial landforms and reconstruct paleodrainage. Last Glacial Maximum grounded ice reached the continental shelf edge in the eastern but not western Ross Sea. Recessional geomorphic features in the western Ross Sea indicate virtually continuous retreat of the ice sheet in contact with the bed. In the eastern Ross Sea, well-preserved linear features and a lack of small-scale recessional landforms record rapid lift-off of grounded ice from the bed. Physiography exerted a first-order control on ice behaviour, while seafloor geology played an important subsidiary role. Previously published grounding-line retreat scenarios are based on terrestrial observations; however, this study uses Ross Sea-wide geomorphology to constrain marine deglaciation. Our analysis of retreat patterns suggests that: (1) a large embayment formed in the eastern Ross Sea; (2) retreat was complex and asynchronous between troughs; and (3) the eastern Ross Sea largely deglaciated prior to the western Ross Sea.
PARTICIPACIÓN DE LAS MUJERES EN LAS UNIDADES PRODUCTIVAS FAMILIARES RURALES, ROSITA, RAAN
Authors: García Aguilar Sonia Del Carmen , García Solórzano Argentina
Published: February 2016

Se identificó el nivel de desempeño de las mujeres en las Unidades Productivas Familiares (UPF) y la relación existente entre las familias de la comunidad El Zopilote, municipio de Rosita, Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte. El estudio es cualitativo, se han descrito situaciones, personas, interacciones, actitudes y comportamientos observables. Los fundamentos teórico-metodológicos tienen como enfoque el interaccionismo simbólico porque se reflexiona sobre los significados sociales que las personas asignan al mundo que les rodea para valorar o visibilizar la participación de las mujeres en el trabajo y en la toma de decisiones en las UPF. Las técnicas fueron entrevistas, observación participante, grupos focales, mapeo de las unidades productivas seleccionadas y revisión documental. Se encontró que las mujeres de la comunidad El Zopilote están involucradas en diferentes actividades dentro de las Unidades Productivas Familiares. Tienen un alto nivel de participación en todo el ciclo productivo, evidenciándose así que tienen parte en algunas decisiones y que es menor sobre los rubros de mayor valor para la comercialización de los productos. El estudio aporta la facilitación de nuevas estrategias a todas las ONG e instituciones del Estado que desean trabajar en la comunidad con temas relacionados al estudiado. SUMMARY We identified the level of performance of women in the Family Production Units (FPU) and the relationship between the families of the community El Zopilote, municipality of Rosita, North Atlantic Autonomous Region. The study is qualitative and it describes situations, people, interactions, attitudes and observable behaviors. The theoretical and methodological approach are focus on a symbolic interactionism because it examines the social meanings that people put on the world that surrounds them to assess and highlight women participation in the work and decision-making in the FPU. The techniques that were applied are: interviews, participant observation, focus groups, mapping of the selected production units and document review. Among the results we found that the women of the community El Zopilote are involved in different activities within the family production units. They have a high level of participation in the entire production cycle, and this is evident that they are taken into consideration in some decisions which are less on the items of greater value for the marketing of products. The study provides new strategies to the NGO’s and state institutions who are interested to work in the community on issues related to this study.
INFLUENCIA DE LAS FASES LUNARES SOBRE EL RENDIMIENTO DEL MAÍZ (Zea mays variedad NB6)
Authors: Flores Martínez Larry , Meléndez Mejía Félix , Luna Bello Gladys , González Lazo Eliseo
Published: February 2016

La observación de las fases lunares para realizar actividades agrícolas, es una costumbre de muchas culturas alrededor del mundo. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios científicos relacionados con este tema. El objeto de esta investigación fue determinar la influencia de las fases lunares sobre el rendimiento del maíz. Para ello se consultó a 45 productores de 19 comunidades de la Región Autónoma Atlántico Sur (RAAS), sobre el uso de las fases lunares para la siembra. Además, se estableció un experimento utilizando un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones por cada fase lunar (16 parcelas en total). Se midió el porcentaje de germinación, el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el programa InfoStat versión 2010. Los resultados reflejan que la germinación de las semillas presentó diferencias estadísticas significativas, siendo mayores en parcelas sembradas en las fases de cuarto creciente y luna nueva. La variable altura, largo y peso de mazorca, no presentaron diferencias significativas según fase lunar. En la variable diámetro del tallo se encontró diferencia significativa; las plantas sembradas en luna nueva presentaron el mayor diámetro. El daño causado por enfermedades y herbívoros presentó un resultado variable para las cuatro fases lunares. El peso promedio del maíz sembrado en la fase de luna nueva fue mayor que en las otras fases, contrario a la creencia popular de los productores de la región. SUMMARY Observation of the moon phases for agricultural activities is a custom in many cultures around the world. However, there are few scientific studies related to this topic. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of moon phases on corn yields. In order to achieve this goal, 45 producers were consulted from 19 communities in the South Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAS), regarding the use of the moon phases for sowing. Besides, an experiment was made using a block design completely at random using four replicates for each moon phase (16 plots in total). We measured the percentage of germination, the growth and yield of the crop. Data were analyzed using InfoStat 2010 version. The results show that the seed germination presented significant statistical differences, being higher in plots planted in the first quarter and new moon phases. The variables such as height, length and cob weight, showed no significant differences according to the moon phase. Regarding the stem diameter, significant differences were found, in which the plants sowed on new moon had the biggest diameter. The damage caused by diseases and herbivores presented an outcome variable for the four moon phases. The average weight of corn sowed in the new moon phase was higher than in the other phases, contrary to the producer’s popular belief in the region.
Prólogo Vol.11(2)
Authors: Hooker Alta
Published: February 2016

Este volumen No. 11 presenta una compilación estructurada en 6 secciones temáticas las cuales comprenden 9 artículos. La primera sección en Educación, presenta los artículos: Métodos de enseñanza de Física en la modalidad a distancia en el instituto sabatino “Esperanza”, en el municipio de Siuna; y, Comportamiento disciplinario en la escuela “Niño Jesús”, Siuna, Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte, 2011. La segunda sección, titulada Educación Superior en la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense presenta los artículos: Formación de los docentes de la URACCAN en el Área de Recursos Naturales; asimismo, Pertinencia de los programas para el aprendizaje del inglés en Administración de Empresas, Recinto Nueva Guinea y Prácticas de campo en la formación de estudiantes de Ingeniería en Zootecnia, URACCAN Nueva Guinea. La tercera sección denominada Revitalización Lingüística y Cultural comprende dos artículos: Etno-matemática en indígenas ulwas, comunidad de Karawala, Región Autónoma Atlántico Sur, Nicaragua y Ma-Kuagro: Elementos de la cultura de San Basilio Palenque, Colombia, y su incidencia en las prácticas pedagógicas. La cuarta sección Cultura Indígena y Afrodescendiente comprende un artículo: Economía indígena en la comunidad de Wasakín, municipio de Rosita, RAAN. Clausura la quinta sección denominada Ciencias Sociales, el artículo La república Bolivariana de Venezuela y Nicaragua, en el marco del acuerdo energético.
Uso de la Plataforma Virtual del Recinto URACCAN-Nueva Guinea, II Semestre 2012
Authors: Zamora Huete Margarita Arastenia , Peña Dreppers Jismary Nereyda , Zeledón Membreño Oved
Published: February 2016

Se valora el uso de la plataforma virtual del recinto URACCAN-Nueva Guinea, en el área de Ciencias Administrativas e Informática, implementada durante el II semestre del 2012. Se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cuantitativo empleando la encuesta como técnica de recolección de datos y entrevistas a fuentes específicas. La investigación da mayor relevancia a la plataforma virtual Moodle y sus características por ser el software educativo utilizado por el recinto universitario para desarrollar los procesos educativos en los entornos virtuales. Los resultados muestran el poco uso de la plataforma virtual, tanto de estudiantes y docentes, aunque la universidad ha realizado esfuerzo por capacitar a los docentes en metodologías a través de entornos virtuales; empero, el diseño de los cursos por algunos docentes no incentiva su uso: son pocos atractivos y no se aprovechan todas las opciones que la plataforma otorga para su uso eficiente. Los estudiantes y docentes ven con buenas expectativas y aprueban de manera complementaria la utilización de plataformas virtuales para el desarrollo de sus clases, ya que existen pocas condiciones en la universidad en cuanto al acceso y equipos para su implementación. CIENCIA E INTERCULTURALIDAD, Volumen 12, Año 6, No. 1, Enero - Julio, 2013; 50-65
Las Mujeres Bolivianas en las Chacras, Malargüe, Mendoza, Argentina su Doble Condición de Migrante y de Mujer
Authors: Milena Quiroz María
Published: February 2016

Este estudio socioeducativo fue emprendido en la región de Las Chacras, Malargüe, Mendoza, Argentina. Ha tenido como centro de estudio la mujer de la comunidad con la descripción de sus prácticas, la construcción de sus significados y las formas de participación en su realidad microlocal. La mujer, desde el enfoque de esta investigación es considerada como ser relacional y vinculante con el mundo y los demás actores sociales. Así, se han explorado las características de las tensiones del modelo patriarcal sobre la posición y las relaciones de género. El estigma de ser representada por lo débil, privado, doméstico, pasivo, incompleto y asilado, se le ha excluido de la participación social, cultural y política. Esta complejidad social contemporánea permite dilucidar la demanda y el deseo de la mujer por emprender nuevas identidades como grupo excluido en la sociedad civil y redefinir su reconocimiento de género como aquel que interviene en la cultura y en la educación de su entorno, con modos propios y particulares no impuestos. CIENCIA E INTERCULTURALIDAD, Volumen 12, Año 6, No. 1, Enero - Julio, 2013; 98-107
Vulnerabilidad a la Contaminación de la Micro-Cuenca del Río Trintara Waspam Río Coco
Authors: Samuel Bency Taylor , Martínez Manuel Francis , Cordón Suárez Enrique
Published: February 2016

Esta investigación presenta los resultados en la micro-cuenca del río Trintara, perteneciente a la cuenca del río Coco, en el Municipio de Waspam, RAAN, Nicaragua. El objetivo fue analizar la vulnerabilidad a la contaminación del recurso hídrico y proponer alternativas de manejo adecuado para reducir la contaminación. En la metodología documental se han descrito las características socioeconómicas y biofísicas, así como la contaminación e informes de trabajo del municipio. Para el análisis de la vulnerabilidad global a la contaminación de la micro cuenca se tomó como base la metodología descrita por Watler (2008), que presenta la vulnerabilidad, basada en los criterios de Wilches-Chaux (1993). Los resultados muestran que la vulnerabilidad global a la contaminación de la micro-cuenca del río Trintara es de 2.98 (61.78 %), caracterizándose con una alta vulnerabilidad a la contaminación. La vulnerabilidad social, educativa, política-institucional y económica, están en el rango de alta vulnerabilidad con un valor superior a tres, todas tienen que ver con acciones directas de la población. En cambio, la vulnerabilidad física y ecológica presenta una valoración de vulnerabilidad media, con un valor inferior a tres. Se recomienda la aplicación de medidas de ordenación de la micro cuenca de manera institucionalizada con el acompañamiento de las comunidades. CIENCIA E INTERCULTURALIDAD, Volumen 12, Año 6, No. 1, Enero - Julio, 2013; 109-126
Actitudes de los creoles de Bluefields hacia la implementación de su lengua materna kriol en Educación Primaria EIB
Authors: Quinn Narcisso Hermin , Sandino Saida
Published: February 2016

Este estudio se  realizó entre miembros de la comunidad creole de Bluefields para conocer sus actitudes sobre el uso del kriol en el Programa Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (EIB). Se ha aportado información sobre la importancia del uso de la lengua materna kriol como lengua de instrucción y educación  para la formación de la identidad  étnica, lingüística y cultural  de los niños y niñas creoles de la Costa Caribe nicaragüense.  Los resultados han revelado la existencia de factores históricos, económicos y sociales que han incidido en la actitud de los creoles hablantes en la implementación de su lengua materna  en las aulas de clase. Dichas actitudes son resultado en gran medida  a la  discriminación que ha sufrido la población creole por el origen de su lengua materna, la falta de oportunidades de empleo y de acceso a  la educación para el estudio de su lengua y cultura.Así mismo, en su mayoría, los kriol-hablantes  mantienen actitudes positivas hacia  la implementación de  su  lengua materna en las aulas de clase argumentando que, con su uso, los estudiantes aprenden a expresarse con mayor seguridad, logran mejores resultados académicos y fortalecen su autoestima. Paralelamente,  el grupo de estudio indicó que aspiran a que sus hijos e hijas aprendan, además del kriol, el  idioma Inglés  en vista de que  el aprendizaje de este idioma les brindará en el futuro mejores oportunidades laborales.Summary This study was conducted among members of the Creole community of Bluefields in order to know their attitudes related to the use of Kriol language in the Intercultural Bilingual Education Program (EIB in Spanish). The research has provided information on the importance of using the Kriol mother tongue as language of instruction and education in the training of ethnic, linguistic and cultural identity of Creole children of the Nicaraguan Caribbean Coast.The results have shown the existence of historical, economic and social factors that have influenced the attitude of Kriol-speaking in the implementation of their mother tongue in the classrooms. Such attitudes are basically a result of the discrimination the Creole people have faced through their mother tongue, the lack of employment opportunities and access to education to study their language and culture.Also, in most cases, the Kriol-speaking maintain positive attitudes towards the implementation of their mother tongue in the classrooms, arguing that by its use, students learn to express themselves with more confidence; they achieve better academic results and strengthen their self-esteem. Parallel to this, the group stated that beside the Kriol, they wish their children could learn the English language, due to the fact that this language in the future would provide them better job opportunities.