bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Casualty Risk Index for Evacuating When Inundation Occurs on Excavation Construction Sites
Authors: Wang Jeongah , Park Jongpyo , Choi Jongwon , Jun Hwandon
Published: February 2023

Recently, inundation accidents occur repeatedly on underground excavation construction sites owing to frequent intensive rainfall events. In the case of the inundation of underground construction sites, injury and drowning accidents may occur on the evacuation route. However, no method or standard for calculating the risk of casualty while evacuating workers has been proposed. In this study, we defined the casualty risk index (CRI) and developed a method for estimating CRI. We adopted the “HV,” which is the product of height (water depth) and velocity (water velocity) recommended by previous researches. The “HV” indicates that humans can walk safely in water flow without stumbling. The proposed method was applied to a hypothetical underground construction site in the city of Yeosoo. ArcGIS Pro was used to model the hypothetical excavation site, and XPSWMM was used to simulate rainfall runoff and two-dimensional hydraulic simulation. While the runoff was flowing into an underground construction site, we simulated the water height and water velocity on the evacuation route to estimate the CRI. The results showed that CRIs from various rainfall scenarios remained in the safe criteria, indicating that workers could safely evacuate from the site in the rainfall scenarios. However, the CRI is influenced by site-based factors, and these factors are discussed.
Study on the Method of Improving the Fire Resistance Performance of No Threshold Fire Door
Authors: Lee Joowon , Lim Bohyeok , Lee Haeyeol
Published: February 2023

In this study, we aim to improve the fire resistance performance by solving the structural problem so that gas or flame does not leak through the door in case of a fire while maintaining airtightness and insulation when removing the threshold at the bottom of a general fire door. To improve airtightness and insulation performance along with fire-resistance, an ordinary auto-bottom is provided in the lower part of the door. However, there is a limit to securing fire-resistance. To maximize fire-resistance performance, graphite, an expandable foaming agent, is applied to block the gap between the lower part of the door and floor. Additionally, gas holes at the bottom of the door induce the gas generated to flow into the door. We found that blocking the flow of gas plays a very important role in improving fire-resistance performance.
3D Printing Technique- based Laboratory Experimental Verification of Two-row Self-Supported Retaining Wall Using Steel Piles
Authors: Kim Jaehwan , Yoo Hyunwoo , Oh Jeongho
Published: February 2023

This study presents the two-row self-supported retaining wall method using steel pipe piles to improve the constructability and stability of underground structures constructed in urban areas. Herein, the behavior of steel piles was investigated by numerical analysis and laboratory model tests employing 3D (Three dimensions) printing, considering various design factors such as the soil condition, pile connector, wall spacing, and traffic load. The results indicated that the horizontal displacement of the walls was significantly reduced regardless of the ground conditions when the spacing between walls was 1.0 m along with the pile connector installation. To the end, the efficiency of recycling steel piles during excavation was also examined based of laboratory test to achieve economical construction cost.
Rainfall and Earthquake-induced Landslide Susceptibility Assessment
Authors: Song Chang-Ho , Lee Ji-Sung , Ha Yong-Soo , Kim Yun-Tae
Published: February 2023

When rainfall and earthquake occur simultaneously, large-scale landslides can cause direct damage to lives and structures. To reduce such large-scale landslide damage, rainfall and earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility has to be evaluated. Therefore, in this study, landslide susceptibility was evaluated by considering only rainfall, only earthquake, and both rainfall and earthquake in the Atsuma region of Japan, where a large-scale landslide was triggered by a combination of rainfall and earthquake. Through quantitative index analysis, the accuracy of the landslide susceptibility map was improved when both rainfall and earthquake were considered. The proposed method was also applied to the Naari basin in Yangnam-myeon, Gyeongju as a pilot district. We found that the landslide-susceptible area increased when rainfall and earthquake were considered simultaneously than when rainfall and earthquake were considered separately. Through such research, can be used as basic data for complex disaster vulnerability assessment.
Evaluation of Liquefaction Possibility of Ground Based on Grain Size Distribution and Soil Plasticity
Authors: Ha Minkyu , Gang Seokgu , Jang Chaewoon , Yoon Hyung-Koo , Ryou Jae-Eun , Jung Jongwon
Published: February 2023

Interest in liquefaction has increased owing to the increasing occurrence of liquefaction in the country. According to previous studies, factors that influence liquefaction include the grain size distribution, plasticity, relative density, overconsolidation ratio, and confining conditions. In this study, the liquefaction possibility was evaluated based on grain size distribution and soil plasticity. Based on the grain size distribution, a clear correlation between the liquefaction resistance of the two samples could not be identified because both samples showed similar grain size distributions. In contrast, in terms of soil plasticity, the liquefaction resistance value increased with increasing plasticity index value. These results indicate that soil plasticity has a significant effect at a similar grain size distribution.
Evaluating the Impact of Urban Stormwater Runoff by Street Tree Canopy
Authors: Kim Tae Jin
Published: February 2023

Impervious area increase by urbanization and flash flood by climate change lead to abrupt increase in urban stormwater, unlike in the past. Currently, street trees play a significant role in urban environmental improvement such as green space, urban heat reduction, and air pollution reduction. In addition, transpiration from leaf canopy in an urban water cycle significantly impacts the decrease in urban stormwater runoff. In this study, leaf canopy, as in earlier areas, was evaluated for the impact of decreasing urban stormwater. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) for urban stormwater runoff, Geographic Information System (GIS) for its input extraction, and image process for calculating the leaf canopy area were utilized. The simulation results indicated that flood runoff peak based on 20 frequency of sewer facility standard and 80 frequency of local river design standard decreased by 1.08% and 1.44%, respectively.
Development and Verification of the Effectiveness of Neutralization Devices for Human Body Detoxification in Cases of Hazardous Chemical Exposure
Authors: Kang Eunsong , Lee Jiyoung , Lee Junghyeok , Lee Yoonha , Lee Jisoo
Published: February 2023

Large and small chemical accidents have recently increased interest in prevention and response, and associated research continues. However, there are limited ways for workers who are likely to be directly exposed to accidents to protect themselves. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop and verify a neutralization device that, in the event of an accident, employees exposed to chemicals can use straight away. In the 15 s, 20 s, respectively, decontamination of 80% and 90% or higher was confirmed when the whole body was contaminated with hydrochloric acid (10%). In the case of a chemical accident, it is believed that the development of such a neutralize device could serve as a safety device to lessen human damage.
An Analysis of Companion Animal Protection in Case of Disaster in Japan by Applying the CAUSE Model: Based on the Evacuation with Companion Animals Policy
Authors: Choi Junho , Jung Seolhee , Kim Gyumhun , Kwon Seol A
Published: February 2023

This study examines the case of Japan, which has systematically established policies related to companion animal protection measures, and derives policy implications. Companion animal protection measures in the case of a disaster in Japan are investigated, and the policy establishment process of evacuation with companion animals is analyzed step-by-step using the CAUSE model. The results showed that the formation of credibility established coexistence with companion animals as a basic attitude through continuous administrative measures after a large-scale disaster. In the risk awareness and understanding stages, the need for companion animal protection measures is recognized in accordance with social changes, and evacuation with companion animals is officially announced. The agreement stage of the solution and the implementation stage of the enactment were essentially based on the subjective responsibility of the partner. The administration provided support for what residents could not do, and the roles of the administration and residents for companion animal protection measures in the event of a disaster were clearly distinguished. This process clarified that the main feature was to enable the partner to demonstrate self-efficacy.
Problem Analysis and Improvement Plan for Compulsory Insurance System in Preparation for Social Disaster
Authors: Ko Moonju , Lee Youngju
Published: February 2023

This study aims to improve the disaster insurance system by examining issues related to compulsory insurance against social disasters, legal problems, and operational cases in major overseas countries. Korea operates about 30 types of disaster insurance, but there is a lack of prior reviews when introducing disaster insurance, so disaster insurance is continuously expanded. In addition, compared to major overseas countries, the insurance contract method is uniform and the management and supervision of insurance are insufficient. Therefore, when disaster insurance is introduced, it is necessary to accompany a professional review to determine if it is sufficiently helpful to the public interest, and it is essential to strengthen the management and supervision of insurance operations. In addition, to alleviate resistance to insurance purchases without infringing on individual freedom of contract, various insurance subscription methods should be devised, and it is necessary to strengthen liability for social disasters and to encourage the purchase of disaster insurance policy.
Study on the Prediction of Debris Flow Risk Using LS-RAPID
Authors: Kim Namgyun , Choi Jaehee , Jun Byonghee
Published: February 2023

In this study, the LS-RAPID program was applied to evaluate the debris flow deposition area using the field surveyed topographical data in the areas of debris flow occurrence. In 2020, aerial photogrammetry was performed using an unmanned aerial vehicle in Seonseri, Osan-myeon, and Gokseong-gun. The erosion and deposition areas owing to debris flow were estimated using the orthographic images generated from photogrammetry and high-resolution Digital Surface Mode (DSM), and the extent of debris flow was accurately estimated. For debris flow simulation, the LS-RAPID program, with the apparent friction angle of the Coulomb's friction model as an important factor, was applied. The simulation results were significantly affected by the quality of the topographical data. It is essential to apply DSM data for obtaining a highly accurate simulation of the deposition area where damage generally occurs. To evaluate the performance of the simulation, the LSSI index with the deposition area as a factor was applied; it was found to be 65%, showing a superior predictive performance. In conclusion, it is possible to predict the debris-flow damage using LS-RAPID simulation, and the DSM data on deposition areas are required to generate a reliable disaster map.
Analyzing Sensitivity Characteristics according to Decrease in Intensity of Light from LED Light Source of Photoelectric Spot-Type Detector
Authors: Jung Jongjin
Published: February 2023

After the revision of “Fire Safety Standards for Automatic Fire Alarm System and Visual Alarm Equipment (NFSC 203)” in 2015 made it mandatory to install smoke detectors in apartments and medical facilities, their number has increased significantly. The detector used in the experiment was a photoelectric spot-type analog smoke detector. The experiment was conducted by configuring a real-time smoke monitoring system. In addition, the sensitivity characteristics of the smoke detector according to the decrease in intensity of light were analyzed. This was achieved by controlling the intensity of light related to the lifespan of the LED, a vital component of the smoke detector. When a intensity of LED light decreased by 10%, the sensitivity of the smoke detector decreased by 12.5%. When a intensity of light decreased by 30%, it decreased to 61% of the smoke detector sensitivity value. From these results, An equation for the change in sensitivity of a smoke detector according to the decrease in intensity of light was derived. It was confirmed that when the light intensity of the LED decreases, the sensitivity of the smoke detector decreases by about 37% more than the decrease in light intensity. Therefore, when developing a photoelectric spot-type smoke detector, establishing the LED current-radiation light characteristic curve and the correlation between the current of the light source and the ambient temperature will significantly improve the product's function and post-management.
Analysis the Cognitive Ability of Workers to Hear Fire Alarms Construction Sites
Authors: Moon Pil-Jae , Kim Seo-Young , Kong Ha-Sung
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether workers were aware of fire alarms when sirens and bullhorn loudspeakers sound at construction sites that have many internal partitions. The experimental results revealed that when a fire alarm was activated at a construction site, workers in close proximity to the source of sound heard the alarm, whereas those far away did not. Workers at construction site may be prevented from hearing a fire alarm because of the noise generated by both, the workers and construction work. In addition, it is inferred that construction sites have many obstacles that hinder the transmission of soundwaves because they tend to have internal structure that include many partitions. Thus, it was found that complete evacuation from a construction site in the event of a fire was difficult because the sound of the fire alarm was not adequately transmitted to the entire site.
KPT‐330 and Y219 exert a synergistic antitumor effect in triple‐negative breast cancer through inhibiting NF‐κB signaling
Authors: Wen Tiantian , Geng Mengzhu , Bai Enhe , Wang Xueyuan , Miao Hang , Chen Zhimeng , Zhou Hui , Wang Jia , Shi Jingmiao , Zhang Yin , Lei Meng , Zhu Yongqiang
Published: February 2023

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype, which has poor prognosis due to the lack of effective targeted drugs. KPT‐330, an inhibitor of the nuclear export protein CRM‐1, has been widely used in clinical medicine. Y219, a novel proteasome inhibitor designed by our group, shows superior efficacy, reduced toxicity, and reduced off‐target effects as compared to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effect of KPT‐330 and Y219 against TNBC cells, as well as the underlying mechanisms. We report that combination treatment with KPT‐330 and Y219 synergistically inhibited the viability of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. Further analysis revealed that the combined use of KPT‐330 and Y219 induced G2‐M phase arrest and apoptosis in TNBC cells, and attenuated nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling by facilitating nuclear localization of IκB‐α. Collectively, these results suggest that the combined use of KPT‐330 and Y219 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of TNBC.
NIH tells Congress “Yes” to OPCs
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2023

Overdose prevention sites (OPCs), sometimes called supervised injection sites, are hoped to help reduce the overdose deaths due to opioids, as well as provide some other benefits. But do OPCs reduce overdose deaths? Last week ADAW asked around, and few people answered, but the federal government did. The National Institutes of Health (NIH), the country's top expert on research, says yes. Based on a report compiled by the NIH National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) that was sent to Congress in last year, which is an “updated literature review and evaluation of the potential public health impact of Overdose Prevention Sites in the U.S.,” while research is still in its early stages, all signs point to these sites as being helpful, and the federal government — at least the health care side, not necessarily the law enforcement side — endorses them.
With fentanyl lurking in street stimulant sales, CM vital
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2023

Instead of going to various lengths to persuade or cajole or encourage patients addicted to stimulants to stop, the best method is still contingency management (CM), experts agree. In this modality, patients are paid to stop using, but the problem is that the payments are far too low (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33437), and under federal anti‐kickback rules, the government still refuses to allow them to be higher. Richard A. Rawson, Ph.D., research professor at the Vermont Center on Behavior & Health at the University of Vermont, is the original developer, going back three decades, of this treatment. Now, with so many people thinking they are getting stimulants on the street, but instead consuming illicit fentanyl, Rawson says it's urgent that CM be used.
Flexible Antiswelling Photothermal‐Therapy MXene Hydrogel‐Based Epidermal Sensor for Intelligent Human–Machine Interfacing
Authors: Zhang Yunfei , Xu Zhishan , Yuan Yue , Liu Chaoyong , Zhang Ming , Zhang Liqun , Wan Pengbo
Published: February 2023

Conductive hydrogel‐based epidermal sensors are regarded with broad prospects in bridging the gap between human and machine for personalized healthcare. However, it is still challenging to simultaneously achieve high sensitivity, wide sensing range, and reliable cycling stability in hydrogel‐based epidermal sensors for ultrasensitive human–machine interfacing, along with brilliant antiswelling capability, and near‐infrared (NIR) light‐triggered dissociation and drug release for further smart on‐demand photothermal therapy. Herein, the facile preparation of a flexible multifunctional epidermal sensor from the elaborately fabricated, highly stretchable, and antiswelling MXene hydrogel is presented. It exhibits high sensitivity, wide sensing range (up to 350% strain), and reliable reproducibility for enabling ultrasensitive human‐machine interfacing. It displays excellent antiswelling capability for the hydrogel to avoid expanding the wound due to excessive swelling for further reliable wound therapy. Furthermore, it possesses good biocompatibility and robust photothermal performance for the smart photothermal therapy after healthcare monitoring. Meanwhile, the sensor can be triggered to be softened and partly dissociated under the prolonged NIR light irradiation with the transformation of the temperature‐sensitive low‐melting‐point Agar into a sol state and the partial dissociation in the hydrogel to release the loaded drug on demand for synergistically sterilizing bacteria and efficiently promoting wound healing.
Poly‐Catecholic Functionalization of Biomolecules for Rapid Gelation, Robust Injectable Bioadhesion, and Near‐Infrared Responsiveness
Authors: Montazerian Hossein , Hassani Najafabadi Alireza , Davoodi Elham , Seyedmahmoud Rasoul , Haghniaz Reihaneh , Baidya Avijit , Gao Wei , Annabi Nasim , Khademhosseini Ali , Weiss Paul S.
Published: February 2023

Mussel‐inspired catechol‐functionalization of degradable natural biomaterials has garnered significant interest as an approach to achieve bioadhesion for sutureless wound closure. However, conjugation capacity in standard coupling reactions, such as carbodiimide chemistry, is limited by low yield and lack of abundant conjugation sites. Here, a simple oxidative polymerization step before conjugation of catechol‐carrying molecules (i.e., 3,4‐dihydroxy‐l‐phenylalanine, l‐DOPA) as a potential approach to amplify catechol function in bioadhesion of natural gelatin biomaterials is proposed. Solutions of gelatin modified with poly(l‐DOPA) moieties (GelDOPA) are characterized by faster physical gelation and increased viscosity, providing better wound control on double‐curved tissue surfaces compared to those of l‐DOPA‐conjugated gelatin. Physical hydrogels treated topically with low concentrations of NaIO4 solutions are crosslinked on‐demand via through‐thickness diffusion. Poly(l‐DOPA) conjugates enhance crosslinking density compared to l‐DOPA conjugated gelatin, resulting in lower swelling and enhanced cohesion in physiological conditions. Together with cohesion, more robust bioadhesion at body temperature is achieved by poly(l‐DOPA) conjugates, exceeding those of commercial sealants. Further, poly(l‐DOPA) motifs introduced photothermal responsiveness via near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation for controlled drug release and potential applications in photothermal therapy. The above functionalities, along with antibacterial activity, render the proposed approach an effective biomaterial design strategy for wound closure applications.
Eumelanin‐Coated Aligned PLA Electrospun Microfibers to Guide SH‐SY5YCells Spreading, Alignment, And Maturation
Authors: Mariano Anna , Fasolino Ines , Dinger Nikita Bhupesh , Latte Bovio Claudia , Bonadies Irene , Pezzella Alessandro , Ambrosio Luigi , Raucci Maria Grazia , Santoro Francesca
Published: February 2023

During the development of the nervous system, neurons sense and respond to topographical and biochemical cues found in the brain's native environment. Such niche‐specific cues are pivotal for neural tissue formation and development and have been now widely exploited in neural tissue engineering to develop biologically‐inspired scaffolds able to trigger a desired neuronal behavior. In particular, anisotropic aligned fibers, recapitulating the design of extending axonal tracts or aligned fibers found in the extracellular environment, have emerged as ideal candidates to guide cell alignment and elongation along the substrate main axis as well as promote neuronal differentiation. Among natural polymers used for coatings, melanins, including eumelanin, have been shown to possess antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and photo‐protective properties. Here, aligned poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fibers are fabricated via electrospinning and then coated with eumelanin via spin coating. Eumelanin‐coated aligned PLA fibers are highly biocompatible and greatly influenced the adhesion, morphology, and spreading of SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Furthermore, the eumelanin coating is crucial in promoting cell alignment at the cell‐material interface and SH‐SY5Y cell maturation towards a more mature neuronal phenotype.
Triboelectric Mechanism of Oil‐Solid Interface Adopted for Self‐Powered Insulating Oil Condition Monitoring
Authors: Xiao Song , Wu Haoying , Li Nan , Tan Xiangyu , Deng Haocheng , Zhang Xiaoxing , Tang Ju , Li Yi
Published: February 2023

The liquid‐solid contact electrification mechanism has been explored in the aqueous solution system, but there are few systematic studies on oil‐solid triboelectrification. Herein, an oil droplet triboelectric nanogenerator (Oil‐droplet TENG) is designed as the probe to investigate the charge transfer properties at oil‐solid interface. The charge transfer kinetics process is disclosed by the electrical signals produced, showing that the electron species initially predominated the oil‐solid triboelectrification. The molecular structure and electronic properties of oil also affect triboelectric performance. Further, the charge transfer principle in multi‐component liquid mixture during the electric double layer (EDL) development process is proposed to explain the component competition effect. As a proof of concept, a tubular‐TENG is designed as a self‐powered sensor for transformer oil trace water detection. The device demonstrates high water sensitivity with a detection limit of 10 µL L−1 and a response range of 10–100 µL L−1. This work not only reveals the oil‐solid triboelectric and charge transfer competition mechanism in EDL, but also open up a new channel for real‐time online monitoring of trace water in transformer oil, which holds promise for information perception and intelligent operation of transformers in the power industry.
Macrocyclization Strategies Towards the Synthesis of Amphidinolide Natural Products
Authors: Chatterjee Bhaskar , Mondal Dhananjoy , Bera Smritilekha
Published: February 2023

dinoflagellates amphidinolide group of natural products have drawn the attention of the synthetic community owing to their natural scarcity, variation in ring size (12‐ to 27‐membered), and architectural complexity. The manifold strategies for creating the unique macrocyclic framework of amphidinolides, overcoming the entropy barrier of cyclisation, in good yields and selectivity, are highly encouraging as this platform provides an opportunity to develop compounds for structure‐activity relationship studies. This review emphasizes various methods of intramolecular C−C and C−O bond‐forming reactions for constructing the macrocyclic structure of different naturally occurring molecules of amphidinolide family.
A Physical Organic Approach towards Statistical Modeling of Tetrazole and Azide Decomposition**
Authors: Rein Jonas , Meinhardt Jonathan M. , Hofstra Wahlman Julie L. , Sigman Matthew S. , Lin Song
Published: February 2023

Nitrogen atom‐rich heterocycles and organic azides have found extensive use in many sectors of modern chemistry from drug discovery to energetic materials. The prediction and understanding of their energetic properties are thus key to the safe and effective application of these compounds. In this work, we disclose the use of multivariate linear regression modeling for the prediction of the decomposition temperature and impact sensitivity of structurally diverse tetrazoles and organic azides. We report a data‐driven approach for property prediction featuring a collection of quantum mechanical parameters and computational workflows. The statistical models reported herein carry predictive accuracy as well as chemical interpretability. Model validation was successfully accomplished via tetrazole test sets with parameters generated exclusively in silico. Mechanistic analysis of the statistical models indicated distinct divergent pathways of thermal and impact‐initiated decomposition.
Dynamic Hydrogen‐Bond Network as a Modulator of Bismuth–Antimony Complex Anodes for Self‐Healable and Wider Temperature Adaptive Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Yihui , Liu Fusheng , Liu Bingbing , Xiao Yaoyao , Qin Guohui , Ma Jianmin
Published: February 2023

Antimony (Sb)‐based anodes are attractive candidates in potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to their superior capacities and rational potassium inserting voltages. However, the sluggish kinetics and poor interface compatibility severely hinder practical application. Herein, Bi0.67Sb1.33S3 nanospheres embedded into in situ formed poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) crosslinked with polythioctic acid (PET@PTA) (Bi0.67Sb1.33S3/PET@PTA) were elaborately conceptualized with hydrogen bonds exchangeable binding (HBEB) sites. Bi0.67Sb1.33S3/PET@PTA exhibits notable self‐healing ability and wider temperature adaptability. Bi0.67Sb1.33S3/PET@PTA displays an impressive capacity of 819 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1, prominent cycle ability with a 73 % capacity conservation after 500 cycles at 2 A g−1, and high capacity retention of 66 % and 84 % at −40 and 70 °C to that case at room temperature, respectively, for potassium storage. This work provides a new perspective for HBEB sites in maximizing the desirable K+ storage performance.
Engineering of core@double‐shell structured Zn@ZnO@PS particles in poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites towards significantly enhanced dielectric performances
Authors: Yao Tian , Zhou Wenying , Cao Guozheng , Peng Weiwei , Liu Jing , Dong Xinbo , Chen Xiaolong , Zhang Yanqing , Chen Yanrong , Yuan Mengxue
Published: February 2023

Polymeric dielectrics with high dielectric permittivity (ɛ′) and low loss have momentous applications in energy storage devices. In this study, to concurrently improve the ɛ′ and restrain the loss of original Zn (Zinc)/poly(vinylidene fluoride, PVDF), the core@double‐shell structured Zn@ZnO(zinc oxide)@PS(polystyrene) particles were prepared and composited with the PVDF. The impacts of the dual shells on the dielectric properties and polarization mechanism of composites were explored by fitting the experimental data with a Havriliak–Negami (H–N) equation. The Zn@ZnO@PS/PVDF exhibit remarkably higher ɛ′ in comparison to the raw Zn and Zn@ZnO fillers owing to the induced multiple polarizations originating from the combined contributions of the α relaxation of PVDF, slow interparticle polarization and fast intraparticle polarization. More importantly, the ɛ′ of the composites remarkably increases with the PS shell’ thickness, while the loss is still kept at rather low levels owing to the PS shell’ barrier effect on long‐range charges migration. So, the introduction of the PS shell synchronously promotes both the interparticle and intraparticle polarizations in the Zn@ZnO@PS/PVDF composites toward enhanced dielectric properties. The developed strategy opens a novel path to the design and fabrication of polymer composites with desirable dielectric performances for applications in electronics and electrical industry.
Formulation of three‐dimensional, photo‐responsive printing ink: Gold nanorod‐hydrogel nanocomposites and their four‐dimensional structures that respond quickly to stimuli
Authors: Ratri Monica C. , Suh Jungwoo , Ryu Jungju , Chung Bong Geun , Shin Kwanwoo
Published: February 2023

Interest in moving from 3D printing to 4D printing, which would enable rapid and precise motion in reaction to a given stimulus, is evolving. Thermally responsive hydrogels are one of the most common types of soft 4D devices. They are capable of changing shape or behavior autonomously in a manner resembling natural movement, and a bio‐inspired soft actuator has been fabricated by combining stimuli‐responsive nanoparticles with 3D printable hydrogels. We formulated and tested an N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and polyethylene glycol thiol‐coated gold nanorod (P‐AuNR) hydrogel nanocomposite as an active ink material for use in the fabrication of heat‐sensitive soft actuators for photo‐responsive soft robotic motions. Due to their surface plasmon resonance (SPR), those highly dispersible P‐AuNR was able to absorb near‐infrared (NIR) light and release heat into their surroundings. This system was not immersed in water and reacted quickly and sensitively to NIR exposure. The 3D structure designed and fabricated with these inks was able to deform selectively only in a very localized part in response to non‐contact external stimuli, leading to various types of controlled shape‐morphing.
One schema to rule them all: How Schema.org models the world of search
Authors: Iliadis Andrew , Acker Amelia , Stevens Wesley , Kavakli Sezgi Başak
Published: February 2023

Several industry‐specific metadata initiatives have historically facilitated structured data modeling for the web in domains such as commerce, publishing, social media, and so forth. The metadata vocabularies produced by these initiatives allow developers to “wrap” information on the web to provide machine‐readable signals for search engines, advertisers, and user‐facing content on apps and websites, thus assisting with surfacing facts about people, places, and products. A universal iteration of such a project called Schema.org started in 2011, resulting from a partnership between Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, and Yandex to collaborate on a single structured data model across domains. Yet, few studies have explored the metadata vocabulary terms in this significant web resource. What terms are included, upon what subject domains do they focus, and how does Schema.org represent knowledge in its conceptual model? This article presents findings from our extraction and analysis of the documented release history and complete hierarchy on Schema.org's developer pages. We provide a semantic network visualization of Schema.org, including an analysis of its modularity and domains, and discuss its global significance concerning fact‐checking and COVID‐19. We end by theorizing Schema.org as a gatekeeper of data on the web that authors vocabulary that everyday web users encounter in their searches.
The quintuple system 30 Arietis: Comments on orbital stability and habitability
Authors: Wittmayer Blake H. , Cuntz Manfred
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of habitability for 30 Arietis, a quintuple stellar system located in the Northern Hemisphere. 30 Ari consists of two F‐type main‐sequence stars and three M dwarfs. The system is highly hierarchical; it encompasses one super‐close binary and another binary of moderate separation distance accompanied by an outside component. Significant potential for circumstellar habitability exists regarding the super‐close binary, as gauged by the size of the general habitable zone with a width of 1.85 au. Limited potential for habitability is found for the other part of the system given by 30 Ari C, but not for 30 Ari Ba+b. Hence, 30 Ari should be viewed as a system of intermediate relevance for future search missions of habitable exoplanets.
Principles for using evidence to improve biodiversity impact mitigation by business
Authors: White T. B. , Petrovan S. O. , Bennun L. A. , Butterworth T. , Christie A. P. , Downey H. , Hunter S. B. , Jobson B. R. , zu Ermgassen S. O. S. E. , Sutherland W. J.
Published: February 2023

There is an increasing expectation on the private sector to address biodiversity impacts and contribute towards global conservation goals. Appropriate evidence use can help businesses avoid biodiversity losses and realise gains, reduce ineffective or suboptimal action, whilst minimising biodiversity‐related risks and securing opportunities from engaging with biodiversity.

We review the status of evidence‐based action in the private sector, where previous studies have identified concerning trends, and explore the barriers that may currently be hindering practice.

To learn from this, and improve the status quo, we propose a set of principles for evidence‐based biodiversity impact mitigation. We outline tools and resources that can help businesses move towards evidence‐based practice and achieve each of these principles.

Meeting these principles would improve the biodiversity outcomes from businesses' biodiversity related actions. However, for business action to contribute more fully to global conservation goals, broader political and socio‐economic issues also need addressing.
Holistic transfer educational learning approach for higher education
Authors: Li Hongjuan , Wang Juan , Wang Yongsheng
Published: February 2023

Transfer training means that a person with specific knowledge or skills can turn that knowledge or ability into a real‐life scenario and adapt himself more efficiently in a formal or regulated way, such as in a classroom or a training situation. The risk factors in transfer learning include lack of flawless learning goals, practice generalizing in transferring skills, and making students learn social skills are considered essential factors. In this article, the holistic transfer educational learning approach (HTELA) has been proposed to strengthen specific instructional priorities, general practices in transferring knowledge, and socialization of learning for higher education. Knowledge transfer sharing analysis is introduced to enhance expected learning outcomes to focus on suitable material and generalizing to transfer students’ knowledge or skills from one setting to a new one. The learning visualization method was invented to promote engagement and long‐term retention in transfer learning for the higher education system. Statistics show that the suggested framework is trustworthy, with the simulation analysis obtaining an accuracy ratio of 98.2%, validation in the secured score of 95.3%, assessment of numerous learners ratio of 98.4%, error rate analysis of 23.4%, and overall performance ratio of 94.1%.
Compound heterozygosity of a de novo submicroscopic deletion and an inherited frameshift pathogenic variant in the PKHD1 gene in a fetus with bilaterally enlarged and echogenic kidneys, enlarged abdomen and oligohydramnios
Authors: Sakyu Takuya , Stover Samantha R. , Wang Yue , Ward Patricia , Gandhi Manisha , Braun Michael C. , Van den Veyver Ignatia B. , Bi Weimin
Published: February 2023

We present a fetus with bilaterally enlarged and echogenic kidneys. Prenatal testing detected compound heterozygosity for a 0.676 Mb de novo deletion and an inherited pathogenic variant in PKHD1. This is the first case of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) with a prenatally detected disease‐causing PKHD1 deletion.
Optimizing the Performance of a Graphitized Carbon Xerogel as Cathode for Sodium Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Caméan Ignacio , Lobato Belén , Rey‐Raap Natalia , dos Santos‐Gómez Lucía , Flores‐López Samantha , Arenillas Ana , García Ana Beatriz
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study is to optimize the performance of a graphitized carbon xerogel doped with graphene oxide (GXGO) as cathode for sodium dual‐ion batteries. Carbon xerogels are synthetic materials produced in large amounts, with well‐controlled chemistry, porosity and structure, by a simple and fast microwave process that has been scaled‐up. The intercalation of PF6− anions from various NaPF6 salt‐based electrolytes in a GXGO‐based cathode is investigated by considering the influence of the upper cut‐off voltage (UCOV) and of the electrolyte on the electrochemical parameters. The best results were attained in an electrolyte with a 2.0 M NaPF6 concentration in EC : EMC carbonate solvent mixture with added FEC, at a UCOV of 5.0 V. GXGO cathode provides a discharge capacity of 47 mAh g−1 after 2500 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 97 %. Moreover, it shows great cycling stability and capacity retention of essentially 100 % after the initial cycles.
A Highly Active Cobalt Catalyst for the General and Selective Hydrogenation of Aromatic Heterocycles
Authors: Bauer Christof , Müller Felix , Keskin Sercan , Zobel Mirijam , Kempe Rhett
Published: February 2023

Nanostructured earth abundant metal catalysts that mediate important chemical reactions with high efficiency and selectivity are of great interest. This study introduces a synthesis protocol for nanostructured earth abundant metal catalysts. Three components, an inexpensive metal precursor, an easy to synthesize N/C precursor, and a porous support material undergo pyrolysis to give the catalyst material in a simple, single synthesis step. By applying this catalyst synthesis, a highly active cobalt catalyst for the general and selective hydrogenation of aromatic heterocycles could be generated. The reaction is important with regard to organic synthesis and hydrogen storage. The mild reaction conditions observed for quinolines permit the selective hydrogenation of numerous classes of N‐, O‐ and S‐heterocyclic compounds such as: quinoxalines, pyridines, pyrroles, indoles, isoquinoline, aciridine amine, phenanthroline, benzofuranes, and benzothiophenes.
Long‐term outcomes after stent implantation in very small vessel coronary artery disease
Authors: Liu En‐Shao , Yang Tse‐Hsuan , Tai Ta‐Hsin , Chiang Cheng‐Hung , Cheng Chin‐Chang , Huang Wei‐Chun , Mar Guang‐Yuan , Kuo Feng‐Yu
Published: February 2023

Background

Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in very small vessel lesions represent an intriguing aspect of coronary artery disease (CAD). Uncertainty still exists in stent implantation in very small caliber vessels. This study aimed to evaluate the long‐term outcomes of patients treated with 2.0‐mm drug‐eluting stent (DES).

Method

This retrospective observational study included 134 patients undergoing PCI with 2.0‐mm zotarolimus DES from December 2016 to May 2020. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 2‐year follow‐up, which was composed of all‐cause mortality, target vessel myocardial infarction, and ischemia‐driven target lesion revascularization. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors of MACE, and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

Result

The lesions were diffuse (mean length 20.9 ± 5.51 mm) and belong to type B2/C lesions (90.3%). On follow‐up, the MACE rate was 20.1% and mostly driven by late lumen loss demanding revascularization (11.9%). In multivariable analysis, chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR: 4.291, 95% CI: 1.574−11.704, p = 0.004) and calcified lesions (OR: 3.688, 95% CI: 1.311−10.371, p = 0.013) were the independent predictors of subsequent cardiovascular events, whereas statin was associated with better outcomes (OR: 0.335, 95% CI: 0.119−0.949, p = 0.040).

Conclusion

2.0‐mm DES is a feasible option for treating very small vessel CAD in complex lesions. Patients with CKD and calcified lesions carry the hazard of worse outcomes, and careful consideration should be taken before stenting in this high‐risk population.
Seasonal Assessment of Ecological and Human Health Risks of Trace Metals in the Saigon River Surface Water, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Binh Thanh , Van Nguyen Nghia , Van Thai Nam
Published: February 2023

River water pollution with potentially toxic elements can be quantified via hydrological studies, while its potential impacts on the ecosystem and human health can be assessed via the indices of ecological risk (RI) and human health hazard (HI). This study aims to assess potential ecological and human health risks of trace‐element pollution of the Saigon River surface water, based on seasonal, position, and tidal changes. Surface water samples are taken during dry and rainy seasons and analyzed for Cu, Cr, Mn, Pb, Ni, and Zn. The trace‐element concentrations are used to compute RI and HI. Of the six elements, Cu accounted for 87.7 and 12.5% of the total variance of RI and HI, respectively. The RI and HI values are strongly correlated and are higher in dry season than in rainy season. The HI value of >1 for children suggests that children's health may be sensitive to the adverse impacts of the current status of the trace‐element pollution. Overall, the trace‐element pollution of the river surface water is at a moderate ecological risk in dry season but at a low ecological risk in rainy season. The potentially hazardous elements can have detrimental impacts on children's health in both seasons.
Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Ni and Cu Edge Doping: A Density‐Functional Theory Study
Authors: Kruchinin Ronen , Diéguez Oswaldo
Published: February 2023

Transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have promising properties for their use as catalysts of CO2 reduction to methane via the Sabatier reaction. In this article we use density‐functional theory calculations to gain insight into the energetics of this reaction for Mo/W‐based and S/Se‐based TMDs with non‐, Ni‐ and Cu‐doping. We show that sulfur‐based TMDs with Ni/Cu doping exhibit better indicators for catalytic performance of the CO2 reduction reaction than non‐doped and doped TMDs without active sites. In addition, the role of the transition metal was found to a much smaller influence in the reaction than the role of the chalcogen and dopant atoms, which influence the bonding strength and type, respectively.
Implementing Regenerative Practices on the Farm: It’s Complicated for Renters
Authors: Kish Stacy
Published: February 2023

More and more farmers these days are putting regenerative practices into place on the land they own for the long‐term sustainability of their operations. But what happens to farmland that is rented out? Many of the practices behind regenerative agriculture like building soil health and biodiversity and limiting the need for external inputs, provide benefits that are seen over time and not necessarily year to year. Renters often lack the leverage with the land owner to put regenerative practices into action. Earn 1 CEU in Sustainability by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Genotypic and environmental contributions to lint yield, yield components, and fiber quality in upland cotton from Arkansas variety trials over a 19‐year period
Authors: Virk Gurpreet , Snider John L. , Bourland Fred
Published: February 2023

Lint yields and their underlying yield components can be substantially influenced by genotype and environment. Thus, the objectives of the current study were to quantify genotypic and environmental contributions to lint yield, yield components, and fiber quality in multi‐site variety trials conducted in Arkansas over a 19‐year period, to identify the traits most strongly associated with lint yield, and to quantify long‐term trends in the aforementioned traits. Annual assessments included lint yield, seeds per hectare (SPH), intra‐boll yield components, and fiber quality parameters. Production environment accounted for a higher percentage of all yield variability in 15 out of 19 years. However, four years were identified in which genotypic contributions were greater than environmental contributions. Genotype was a dominant driver of variability in lint percent, lint index, seed score, seed index, fibers per seed, fiber density, fiber length, strength, and uniformity. Production environment was the dominant driver of variability in SPH, and micronaire. Correlations between yield components and yield varied substantially from year to year, even when genotype was the primary yield driver. A regression function that utilized lint index and SPH was a stronger and more consistent indicator of genotypic variation in lint yield than any single yield component. Finally, long‐term trends show that lint percent has increased significantly over the past 19 years, whereas seed index has declined 19.6% for cotton varieties with the highest lint yields.
Metal‐Organic Assembly Strategy for the Synthesis of Layered Metal Chalcogenide Anodes for Na+/K+‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yuyu , Kang Wenpei , Sun Daofeng
Published: February 2023

Layered transition metal chalcogenides (MX, M=Mo, W, Sn, V; X=S, Se, Te) have large ion transport channels and high specific capacity, making them promising for large‐sized Na+/K+ energy‐storage technologies. Nevertheless, slow reaction kinetics and huge volume expansion will induce an undesirable electrochemical performance. Numerous efforts have been devoted to designing MX anodes and enhancing their electrochemical performance. Based on the metal‐organic assembly strategy, nanostructural engineering, combination with carbon materials, and component regulation can be easily realized, which effectively boost the performance of MX anodes. In this Review, we present a comprehensive overview on the synthesis of MX nanostructure using the metal‐organic assembly strategy, which can realize the design of MX nanostructures, based on self‐sacrificial templates, host@guest tailored templates, post‐modified layer and derivative templates. The preparation routes and structure evolution are mainly discussed. Then, Mo‐, W‐, Sn‐, V‐based chalcogenides used for Na+/K+ energy storage are reviewed, and the relationship between the structure and the electrochemical performance, as well as the energy storage mechanism are emphasized. In addition, existing challenges and future perspectives are also presented.